==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================
ĩ
ߣС

ݼ
ĩյǽ飬֡꣬ĩ


1 ħ
1088ʦٳϡ
ɢ
һ£±һɢ
ϴ裬һװϴƷصᡣ
ĵһ죬һжеʮֵʣû鵽ӵʽǳãشſڣ£ڴϣӴͷĳȡһСӡ±
±򣬳Щ֡ΪʲôҪ±ͻ±ա
ѾԼ̶
귭±Ŀ˵һҳϡ˫ĿͻȻ¶֮ɫһ־˼¶ͷһ
ϣһ΢Сͷڵһھͷ֮ڡ
1088ʦ£һС
ĸξϣÿǰһ̨ԣĻʾһ±ڵ
һͻȻֱͦ˼ŵĻ
һһξſڣ첽ߵǸξһ˫͸¶˷ܵĿξǰĵĻϡ
˫Ŀе±һҳһڿٵζһ嵭γһһԵüĴŵֻۡ
һӵ±򣬾Ĺˣпһˣʮֻ谵ԭɫȶչƲ֪ʲôԭҡҷ˫ЩվſȥָոҪƿܳȥȴӷŵĲϿԼ
ԼФǳ񣬵üĴȴһֻۡ
һȴû˿һƿ˷ûƵ˳ȥ
ꡫ
һף漴ע
ĲٳˣһССԶǰвͣشϸ·ʲôڱƽ
˳С񱼣СƺûоͷͻȻСʼ䶯̧𣬷·չ谵ʡ
𡫡
ȻǰһûĺСͻȻŤ·һçڻףĿ˳Сȥһ˶ͷǰ֣꺧ȻԼ񱼵С
ȻѣߵļžЦִʱԼڴϣ˫±Ŀȥڵһҳûһ±̧ͷȥ±ţİ೤һ΢Цشſڶ߽ģﻹбע
죬ҹ
ڴϴ˫û˿˯⡣
ص׵УǸξʵз𣿡
ĸξһش𣺡ûУ
ֻǸˣξ̾Ϣһ
峿ڲٳϣóһžµůࡣΧӣذһΡ
꣬У
ͻȻһЩʧĳ꾪ѣ룬һУžһȻſ߲֪ʲôʱһξ

Ǹξųͷ˵һ㶣Ǿ˵ְǷغһǡǸξž¥ȥ
Ӿ¥ĺ˳ȥ꿴ںԺͣһֱɻξֱӽֱɻ
һ޴ĺֱɻȻٵԶȥ
ں棬һʻԱǸξһξе˶˵һصա
ܽţЩ־塣֪нڲϵһҼժ˫֮Уʹ߬ţûʹô󾢶ȥ߬һǰһŶһϻʮǮһƵĵĶƽǽŵϷ֣ʶ塣ֻǾܹӣȻźܶʴǹϵһӹڲϡ
ŷеʱţԽؽţ֪ԼΪʲôᱻĪشɻϣĿĵξףֲʣֻ߬еĹҼ
ҼһǴ֣оʹ߬šѪ˳ǸƵĹҼȫա
ûע⵽ҼϵʴѾʧûע⵽ǸҼʴȫ֮Ϣʧˣʹ߬š
ƻʱֱ֣ɻһɳĮһξֱĿĹˣƺһϵżĿ΢оһ˿Ϥ˫ĿͻȻһ֪ʮ֮֮һħǡ
Ŀ΢紵ܳξһˣǶȴһԶƮ·ǧֻҡǧᵯ
һιɳʯذղʱ˸ֹֽУ¿У˻Х𡭡


2 ػ
¡¡ִƿյͷȥһֱԶһƬɳ
һһξһʿ֮һʮʿģǺͳһ±˫Ŀ¶һ˿ͳһĻҡ
𣡡վڳǰǸξЦź
ΰҲ¶Цݣʦģ
ǰʦҲֻһ
ţԽԽˣ
ǰҾҲԽԽˣ˵ò˶ã͹ˡǸʱֻܹȫˡ
߰ɣ
ħȥǸ±ŵظ˺档໥͵͵һۣûи˵ֻĿ⽻һ£֪˴˶Ի
ħǵȡһңŵ水һ¡
ɳĮ洫һɳһһӻ
ણ
һһߣ¶һĶڡ¡¡ӵصϷŰСʱʱ䣬һӡӵ˻ȥξ˽ȥǸ±Ҳæ˽ȥȥĽٴκϣо·ȥ
Ǵʮӵʱ䣬һ٣ͣһȥڳǰ¶һͨ
˳ͨξȥԼʮӵʱ䣬ǰһšȡһƬһһ
䡫
һй˳Ķһ
һػصһЩˡЩ˵ķװͳһһԲʷŸɢһֿҰһɱ¾֮
һԵĿڳǸ±ɨɨȥóоһи塣
ˣ
ǰ
ˣ
ǰ


һ·ϲͣ˺𣬼ΰкָоܲǿŸξһȣֽһ䡣
ǷĽŹϣͬʱҲӹ⡣ĿȥһҵģѾһٶˣ±ģ
Ҹλ°ɣԳǸ±˵Ȼλ£Ż뿪˷䡣
ֻܾܹΧȥ±Ҳ˫ĿãȻӡ
˳ҲȥˣЩеĽʱƽرð΢΢۾
һСʱȥڼ䲻ͣ±˽ڻе±Ѿнˡ
һδ򿪣۾ſȥһνĲ±һξ
ǸξĿϵɨ±ǰ̨ȥվ̨ǰǳֱӵؿ˵ʮֺͬһڳĶߡ
Ƕ֪2012հɣ
±һãȻһа2012ĩղǹȥûʲô鷢
ξЩأǶ2012ĩѾȥ˰ɣ߸һԡǣҽҪǣʵġ
䡫
һ˽ξָý̨±ǶξɫأȪũܣħǣѩɹȣĽǶ˵Ƕڵ򡣻ȪλޣũܺħλǻѩɹλϼĽλڰĽ򡣽ҪǡǺռĽӴ㣬ͨǵĵ֮֡ǰĿռѷ컹Сֲһֱ赲档ǣ20121221գռѷˣչǰһ磬ǵķӳˡܹЧЩͻͨĵཫ𡣡
ˣ
е±ˣ
ϢǵⷶΧһֽ־Ķĵ˳
ԺֳԼĸӰĸ׵Ĵ飬׵ϡ

ܹҵҵĸĸˣѡ
ξһ𣺡ǳǿ󣬲ӵеȱܹȫģȻҲ㹻ɱǵĿǳǿԶʿҪҲǳߡһʿЩֻڲӶ±ɣ
оһ±ϵɫҲֳ˱仯
Ǹ±һֲԷһֹϵĴУƽ˳ȻǵоԱһֲѪŨȵķʽǻѪеģǾ˵ģĴˣⲻЦֻѪѾǳֻѪŨȳٷ֮һĻ˲ܹ̲±еܡҲֻз±ܵˣܹǻĹ䣬Ҳֻ˹䣬ܹΡǣǱѡսʿػߣ


3 
ָԼᣬһһһһķ䡣俴һ飬ӵһгߣѾ֪ʳãڼԼųԡһңһڷߣڰڷŸҩѧߡ
ңЩһ̫ϡˣϡЩܲˡǣȴطǰ
Ȼӷоѣ˵Եĸǰ򿪵Լոյ֪ԼıһЩ룬һҳ档ҳϳĸ֣硣
룬ϵŸѶϢСʱٵ״һжǸξ˵һѾΪΪһԱ֡
ȫ񶼾ⳡΣҶܣĶ
ǳǿǿֵܹȱĹȻҲȼµȵֵֻܹͨȱеȵѾԵֵ߿ƼȱԭӵȶǵɱޡϵѾǼԭӵⵯܹɱģҪԭӵⵯܹɱ
£ҲƳһǹԭڡЩȱʹҪܸߣĺǿͨʿֻҪһǹͻᱻǹĺײ͸˵ԭˡ
һķڵȴֳ·һԻΪĶǽϹھһֿѪķھĹطﵽܹһսĿġ˵ΪߵһѾﵽ˲ȱܹɱϵľ磬Ϊֽ͡
һ·MΪ׵磬ͨи죬оƬƣлȻһҩˮע䡣Ļ
ڴ˻ҲһֳĹ࣬עҩˮ֮˾Ϳ˹ԼĻ򡣵Ȼÿ˶ܹɹҪ˵ʺͻȡĵȼעҩˮƷ˵ҲһȻ͵ֽп
Щµʿûʸǰǰߣӵеʱֻꡣʱֿγ̱ŵġǵȻҪǽͬʱҪиȱѧϰԼҩѧ
ЩģһĻѧϰ֮Ǳѡַֿ֡վ½;ҽ֡
ȼĻΪʿξ٣У٣ٺԪ˧ÿȼַȼЩ±ֻԤʱǲܹﵽµʿľ磬ᱻ̭
̭Զ뿪ֻܹڵĺڹ·صֱĹˣûʲôֻгɹؿѪΪµʿÿŻжݵһµļ뿪緵ҡ
Ǿɣ
ȭ³һһοʼڵĹҪ𣬻߸׶Σÿ׶ζһڵѪֱ֮Ƥ⣬ǣ裬࣬ҳӵеȨֻܹƤĹֻеȵƤɹ֮ŻԳıŴĹҳ档
ƤĹ깦꿴־ͲЦˡҪԼƤɹǵĽ
Ц֮󣬳㿪ʼعۿ깦깦Ϊʽһ˳ȭȴﵽٹʱζſѪ֮Ϊµʿ
뽫ʽס콫н̹ٿʼڿΡûмסܵͷ
ֻӵʱ䣬ͽʽӡԺʽĹֻ˵ڶʽͲòͣΪƤ˺һʹࡣ
кܲҧشӵһʽ𣬵һʽǿͨһڶʽ㴫ܵʹ࣬ؾҲȫܹȥ
һһشӵһʽţԸһֱԼ˹ȥɵڵذ֮ϡ
֪ʲôʱ򣬳ƺǰ״ȴ쳣ܻɵģ֪ںεأֻǰһ͹âš
գգ۾ǸźϤƺԼȻһŲԼڹŶгĹҼôôˣ

ôܵģ
ôܵģ
ԥ˼룬ջСؿǸţǸһ㵭Ĺâ˸ó꿴һҧٲš


4 
ӹĻд˽ȥһţͱǰľɫˡ
ǰһƬĹأ۹ȥٸĹǳȴоһֹ죬ǾﲻԣϸشһŻȻѣЩĹֻĹûзͷ˵Ӧ֣Ĺء
곤һô˵˭ҲԸһƬĹ֮дš֪һƬ֮󣬳ΧϸشšǰһʮҿСӣСӵϷһľͨ֡
Ҫ֪Щ֮϶һЩʲôһСľȥߵľŵĸǰҪһֻ̤ľŵʱľͻȻˣڿзһͷ˶԰¡¡˲ܵӰ١
һֻ̧˰գϵı齩ӲţȻһ֣
ԱľŻٶܳţص˻ɵ֮УڵشŴ
ʱţ꿪ʼ֪ôȥԼõعǶҲ
ҳȥ
һֻһѣΣϤľֻصǰڵذ֮ϣӵĵذ֮ϡ
Ȼӵذһ顣ȷԼĻˣɳ³һڴһƨ˴ϡ
ȻִӴǸţæԼǰȥǸڣһץסһקƤӾһֻʣһκԭ˩ںϵǸѾʧˡ
ȥˣ
Ҹղžʹһܹٽȥ𣿡
ǸóȻĶĬţҽȥ
ಡ
ʧˣƴšડһڵذϡ
һγǸɵУǰһšγûԥٲʹţǰľɺ֮ǰһܵľŶѾºС֮ϡ
ֳСľŵĸǰ̧ľȥ

ľһͷȻͨͨһ޼ǷļεóƤЩʹεһۺӶı֣ε߳ţĬţҳȥ
һ㱣귢ԼվԼ֮СʹػһȭͷȻڻûŪǸžô¶Ǹоǻ¡һڴܣԴӽ뵽ħµĽʧˡ
˿Ѿҹһ裬Ȼʱ䶨㣬ϴ˯ȥ
εεΡ
һ껽ѣ۾ȻӴٵش·ȻȥӡͻȻͣˣڷӦԼڲھˣĪС

곤³һæϵ·ְ¹췢ķװҰսʽѸٵؽ·ãٵϴˢ֮˷š
¥£˳ͨǰȥѾ֪֮ͨǰͨ39ȥѵΪȻ֪׼ʱҪԡӵʱܵ39ţ¶ȡ˴ſһſ󣬳ڵһس˳ȥǣֻ˲
⡭һ磿
ԭΪӦһ磬ˣصشˡﾹȻһ磬̫ͬůĳϡʱϵ±ڳ˳Ȼͬһ
ϣ
Զѵϴ˽̹ٵĺЩ±ӳմоѡһѵȥȻǾ˵ʺܿѰҵһʺԼλվá
֮ǰһٰʮŸȫ룬ûһ˳ٵ̹ص˵ͷȵϢ
Ϣ֮󣬽̹ٸȵҽиͣԺǵĽ̹١Ƕǵʱֻꡣǻ߳ΪߣǻΪ⹫ӵкܶȨǱ̭ԶΪһĹˡ
֮ڵһٰʮŸ˵϶ͷųһս⡣ǲͨˣǾˣеѬӵ־
ãܺã͸޵漴һ֮ǰˣﲻǣֻԤˡҴȥʲôŽľˡתܣ
˸Ž̹һǰţԼһӵʱ䣬ԶԶرһܿǾͿһıƵѵʹŶһ·ܽѵһЩʿ߽̹ٶȵشк߽̹٣ִˣ
顫


5 һ
顫
һ죬Ѱȥһվһǰ棬ոհȭͷջͻͷųЩԤȵѵȥѧԱǵʦ֡ɻȥʦġСʱ󼯺ϡ
±һΧ˸ղǸеߣŲϿȥ־Ȼ650
⡭ѾѪɹͻƤڣڣ
±ǸеĿ𾴣Ǹеɨһ۳ˣ뿪˲
ХȻǶ꼶ĵһֻһʱͻƤڣﵽڵڼˣ
Хҡҡͷֻǵڶ㣬̫ˣ
Сʱ󣬳˴Ž̹뿪ѵ꼶ѵȥ
εѵһѵһ޴̨ʱ̨֮ʿڽ֡˽ֱľ죬ܹ²˵
սɣͣ˽Ų̨֮ȥҲվ˷̨ܵȥ
̨֮ϵһ΢׳һ΢С
ʱǸ΢СʿѾ絶ѷն˶ԷʺƵıԵѾԷʺȥһס
˫ȭһоԼ඼Ҫǻ
Ǹ׳ʿغһıĶ𣬵Ǹ׳ʿ۾ûգһ£һȭͬŸƿ֮Ŷź˹ȥ
ǸʿƺЩηԷͶԷӲƴĲŶԷĽͬʱϬĽ˲ۻң̨֮ƿ֮Ӳϡ
ֻѪӿ̾
ֽ࡭̫ˣ
顫
̨֮һ죬Ǹ׳ʿ׽˶ԷһϸСһżٵ߽֮УǸʿֻ̧ܹ֮˫۷⵲˫֮ƺӶ߷˳ȥɳ̨׵ĸ߿ˤ¡
ľһôߵĵطˤǻǱģҲҪ˰
ڳ𾪵ҰУǸݵʿڿһ䵽˵֮ϣĵص˼վ˽Ÿ̧ͷ̨֮ϵ׳ʿǿһսģ
㣡ǿ˵
ٴλص±ѵÿ˵鶼ʮּΪһˣû˲Ϊһǿߡղʦǵı֣ÿ˶Ѫȡ
Ƿæһ죬߽̹Сʱʱ佫ʽϸؽһ飬ʾ˼顣Ȼ֪ԺȫԼв׵ĵطʱ̣ÿ»һβԣǰʮвͬĽ
֮󣬳˾ʹһң½ΣΣվΣҩΡ
һֱŽһĿγ̣Ԥʳó˷֮һƣص˸Եᡣ
ص˷䣬꽫еһŵϡһӵ˴ϣһϵ˫ƣر̫֪ʶԴһľ͵ĸо
ǣֻӱӴϱиϵҪΪǿߣҲ˷һӣ
ҴҵԼϵ·ϴȥһȻҲ·ûǸ߽Ǹҩķ䡣
ǽҩεʱҩʦġҩʦɢµҵÿ˸ܹʮɢĲϣҪһܹƳɢƵݣԼţҲ磬֡ЩֱȽǮҪΪڵĶҪûȥ
ҲֻͷʮɢĲѵģûƳɢҲζûгΪҩʦǱԺͲҩˣ㱻ҩʦְҵ̭ˡ
ǽеϤһ飬ȻһԼƽ뱻ҩ̭Ȼ־ҲǳΪһҩʦһҩսʿôǾ޴ģڽûѻȥΪԼҩ
ϸؽҩķ࣬ƽӳÿݵҩֽ֮ɢĲϸعһ飬ſʼơ
ɢҪ߸裬ڵʧܡʧܵĲϵ߳ϴɣɵʱһһ˼ԼĴ֮Ȼؿʼ˵ڶơ
ڶƳ굹һ裬ڵƵʱڳɹƳһɢ
ʱѾҹʱ֣꽫ƺõɢСȻֽϴһ֮ϲ¶˷֮ɫڿлһȭͷϴһ裬˴Ϻܿͽ硣


6 в
ڶ峿ӣ׼ʱ𴲣ȻһĽŵѧϰҲҩʦ֣֮ڽʮɢĲ϶ùˣƳɢǺֶҩϣ½ΣκͿվϳɼʮֶˣÿĩβ
Ȼֻʱ䣬ѾԿһ˵Ǳÿ̹ٶÿʧߵĿ⿴꣬ѧԱҲΪ꽫ΪѧԱбһ̭ߡ
ԤǿʼԶ꣬Ͼ˭ҲԸһʧһ𡣵ǣ꽫ƳɢϽ̹ٵʱ򣬽̹ĿˣѧԱҲ¶֮ɫʱûƳɹһɢȴɹƳɢⲻܲ˵ҩʦ츳ˡ
ҩʦ̵̹֣СƻָҩķڸҸʮƻָҩĲϣͬһֻҪϽݻָҩɹȵļ꣬Էǳǿҿ㡣
֣̹뿪˽ңѧԱǶԳ̬Ҳ˱仯Ҳֻǲ룬ûиƶ١ϾһҩʦܹΪһǿߣֻܹĺڹͬĲܹ뿪磬ɺһࡣ
ԣѧԱǵ̬Ȳ̫飬ûкһӰΧĳ棬һھߵʱشк꣬Са
²ˣһˣ
ԺҪҩˣɲҰ

ҲжԳ겻мһ˵ģкú򣬾ֱȥֻϵĲмɼ
صԼᣬû̿ʼƻָҩ˫ֱͷϡ
뵱һҩʦҪΪһʿڵϻŸĸһøĸΪԼ˶ʹ
ͻȻԺһ⣬֣̹ٵĻԺ꣬Ժǿҿ㡣
ҵԺǿԣҵԺǿ꿪ʼʱ߽ͬԽԽһŴٴɢ˳
ǣüͷҲüͷɫ֮䲢û˿ɥ
ԣҪȵ似ʱֳܹưɣĹҪԡֻǻҪԣҪֻʡʡ
ʹؽӿӱϣüͷ˼ţҶʽѾȫ򣬶½ϵǹҲȫ򣬺κͿվεҲȫ⣬һϾȫˡⲻҵУҵʲҲ˵ҵжʶ˫ܹЭҪ⣬ͱʵ⣬Ҫʣͱ뽫ʽɹǡҪͨʽʣҪһõʣĿǰʡ
˫˳˼ͻȻһ֣ҩˣҩĿǰֻͨҩİܹпܽʽɹֻҪҽָҩƳɹһ֣̹پͻᴫڸƤҩʱҿΪƤҩȡ֣ȻûֻȡΪԼƤҩ
һԸ㣬Ϊ֮ˡ̴վҩϽҩķ䡣
ƻָҩҪɢһЩǳȺҩֲһּҵ˶ҪϼѵʡʱùʮݲϣƳķݻָҩ
Ȼڳ꽫ķݻָҩϽ֣̹֮ٵֳ͵Цݣĵصڱ˳ꡣ֣̹ıĳЩܲڽмΤԽϵĲмԽŨ̲סʲô˲𣬲һϲģ㽫Ϊҩʦһͽ
СڼžĽȴšɫƽǴ˫ȴһա֣̹ٺݺݵصΤһۣѵΤ죡
ΤֱվĿ͸¶һ˿š
˲ôͻƵʽڶʽˣ֣̹ٻĿ䡣
ΤĶһ£ڰ˵ûУ
ȻûУǺͳһȼϣʲôŵģ֣̹ѵ
Τ¶֮ɫ֣̹ٿиŭȵô㲻
̹٣ҲΤ˵Ȼںͳһûʽĵڶʽǹϵķϲģµȵʽĵڰʽһʽ
ããã֣̹ãҲ֪Τ˵ʵ飬ΪҩεĽ̹٣ԼķΧҲΤû˿취ǣһΤ죬ȻƲҩʦӴ˿̿ʼͲҩˣ
ǣ̹٣
Τλ˳ԥ߳˽ңҵſڣס˽Ųתͷų˵꣬лһдһ£


7 Ƥҩ
Τвƽ˵ҵ㣡
ٴξٲΤһ㶣ȫû뵽ӦսгӦһӡʵȴȫԤϣһŭ˵ãܺã
䣬ȥΤ߳ȣֱѵȥк޺޵꣬ϲľȻ˵ҲҪڻ㣬Ҫһл㣬衣ͻ˵ڶʽԾԵƻ㣬ϲĳ̧ͷ
ҩУ֣̹ŭصЩѧԱЩסǻвʱ䣬ǻܹƳɢǾͶҩˣڶҹ
ѧԱͷ뿪˽ңû뿪֣̹ٴڸƤҩأǷܹʵĹؼ
Ȼ˶뿪˽֣̹֮ųֵڴڸƤҩƷ
ҩоһʱ½Ŀγ̣ʱʲãͲܹʲôɼ罫ȫ֮ϡ
ƤҩĲϻصԼᣬ̱㿪ʼơƤҩ̫Ҫˣûʱ䣬ڳɹƳƿƤҩ
û̽ҩϽ֣̹٣ǽԡңԡעˮȻһƿƤҩȲؽԼǹ⣬Сؽԡ裬¡
о˿˿ҩ뵽ƤͬһֻֻϸСĳƤζЩԽԽܣ޲ȥԼƤһֱ֮ʹƺֻ˺Ƥ˺ѵʹԣʹƫƫڱıԵֻܹҧ֡
֮ʹʼ֪ҩҪʧˡֹȥң˺ѰʹгʧˣƤϴһɵĸо
ԡ˳˲ȥ壬ֱܵﻹʽܹоһʽ˳һ㣬Ҳֻһ㣬֮ڵڶʽʹòòͣ
һƨ˵ذϣɫЩɥһƿƤҩֻԼһ˿ҪͻƵʽĵڶʽҪƤҩ
Ҫ٣ұ뽫ʽɣѪ֮
ӵذٵش·СؽµƿƤҩװһȻ󽫺ӷŽϣ֣̹ٵҩʵȥ
ϲģ
ƫͷȥûͣܶĽŲΤͼԤһ߹㲻òͣܶĽŲܣͻᱻΪܣǳ顣ͣ˽Ų˶Τ죬Τ켥شЦϲϿξͲȥˣǲ㰡ģͻʽڶʽ֮ǰȥ㣬ҪͻƵڶʽ֮󣬸ɾر㣬ڽ£룬
ҵ㣡
국һ仰ת֣̹ٵʵȥΤ켸ԤĴЦ
ţҲһϾһϵ˶ڴ֮ͥ±һʹһ٣ȻýԼĸо֪ΤĴ㣬һο׷ϵʱ䡣
Ԥÿµ׿ȡƿƤҩЩ±ûֻҪܹϵƤҩͿƤҩΤÿȴֻƿ
֪᲻ҺΤ֮Ĳࣿһģ
ȭ˫ͷų֮ɫ˽Ų֣̹ͣٵʵǰţ洫֣̹ٺ
ƿ˽ȥ̨֣̹ǰʲôߵԱ߾վȴš
һСʱ֮Ž̹ٵ¶ϲõ΢ЦԹеҩ׼õƿУʰһУת꣬ƤҩƳɹˣ
˵ͷӱóǸӵݸ֣̹١֣̹ٴ򿪺һҩƿӴţȻ¶͵ЦݵȻƳƷƤҩ֣̹ٽӷźãضԳ˵ڻܹµҩƷ㽫Ƥҩĳɹٷ֮ʮҾʹڸҩķ
˵ԱߵĵһЩȻԳ˵һɢ֣һƿָҩҲ֣һƿƤҩʮ֡ÿӦϽķϽɢһƿָҩһƿƤҩѾӵ˶ʮ֡һƤҩĲҪ֣ܹȡ˷ƤҩĲϣǷȡ


8 ̬
죡̵ͷ
ţҾѲϸɣ´ͲˣֱȥC6ŵĽ״Ϳˡ
˵Ĺ֣̹ѾͨȨڵϽĶʮֿȥ˶ʮĸĻֻʣ˿һ֡
ַ֣̹ǳΪ˰˷ݲϵ˹ӹҩòصлǣߵſڵʱȴͻȻͣס˽Ųͷ֣ʵ֣̹٣ҿһ𣿡
ʲô⣿
ҪʽеĵڶʽһҪõʱ䣿
֣΢˼һµڵѧԱУ꼶ǿǿģѾڵ㣬ҼǵͻƵʽĵڶʽֻʮʱ䣬ХǶ꼶ѧԱǿģڵڶ㣬ͻʽڶʽʱʮ졣˶ţһҪͻƵڶҲҪһʱ䣬һڻͻƲ˵ڶ㣬Ҳûжϣˡ
лл֣̹١
ʩһ֮󣬱뿪ʵңѸٵܻᡣ
һ̾ʵ֣̹ҡҡͷ͸ܲȥĳ걳Ӱ¶һ˿ϧ
صᣬֻ΢Ϣһ£㿪ʼҩû˷ݲϾҩһݣʱҩԡʽȻ֪һҪʽĵڶʽҪһʱ䣬ΤԤǿģҲǿХҫۣҲܽҪ߰ʮʱܹͻƵڶʽʱ䲢ࡣ
ʱ䣬˱زٵ˯ͳԷ֮⣬궼ҩҩԡжȹ˷ݲϳƳƿƤҩƿۣµƿҩˡܹоԼĵһʽ˳һЩ
ҳһ뷨ǾԼǾҩԡнݣҩԡʽأ
뷨C6ŵĽ״һ뵽״ǿߵϢڴʿξٺУ٣ûѧԱеĿⶼĵɨ˳һۣû
갴ǽϵ˵ĺŴŶӣŶһһǰƶţͬʱûĿĵšһʱͿٽԼŴһϤӰŶӡ
Х
ʱѾͨǽϵ˵֪ŴаХӦǹҩɣ
ʱХǰˣĿŽ״ڵϢȥҲ˳ĿȥһǿΪһѧԱʱǿȻڸʿ̸ЦҺһĻһξ١ĿͬǿХϣ˫ȭյýģܹظоս⡣Ҳս˫ȭһźҪΪǿߣ
Хҩֿ֮һϢ̸Цǿһۣ첽ȥܿ죬ŵ˴ڣȡƿƤҩͬԼĴſݸ˴һŮǸŮһۣҲû˵ʲôÿֻǳۼƿҩ˺ܶ࣬ûʲôֵùעġ
ֶʮһ֣Ҫȡ𣿡Ůﴫ˳ȥ
ȡƤҩĲϡ˵
ܿǸŮͽݲϴõݸл֮˴ſݲϷŽ˱ʮŴȥ
׼ΪԼһܹĴӡ֮ǰѾͨԲָ֣ոպá
ʮŴԼҪԼסַ֮󣬳뿪˽״߳ſ֮ǰҲͷһ۽ڵǿʱǿɳվƺҲҪ뿪ӡ
ջĿ⣬߳˽״̧ͷһۿе̫һ˫Ŀ֮г˼ᶨԼȥ
صԼỹûйһСʱϴŴ򿪣վˣڷһ
ǳһ˿ʵ
ǣɣ
ÿΪǽһһذȻֽ̧˽꽫ŹϣָλõﺸӰɣ
ϣ
̿ʼ˺ƣѾиãҪֻǺƣֻǰСʱʱ˾ͽһӺϡһŵǩ֣˱뿪ˡ
ΧŴ˷ܵתȦȲسҩ䣬ʼƤҩ
ҩٶѾ࣬Сʱһƿҩ˳ǽעˮȻƿոƵƤҩڣһӵʱ䣬Ƥҩˮȫں֮󣬳·ӵҺ֮С


9 ʮʹ
ڵҺ߶ȴﵽļ粿ʱҺ֮Ѿʼʽĵһʽ
֮ǰ̬һʹһûмס£ٸȥԵڶʽֻǷŵһʽܹоƤϴܶһ˿˿ҩҪ֮ǰܼ˺ܶ࣬ɼԼƤųһ˿˿ʡ
ӵʱƤҩȫģش˳ȻһƵſڵذϴ촭Ŵ
ʮӺ󣬳ŴӵذһȭͷܹоԼֱϵƤǿ࣬¶һ˿ϲڵˮŵȻֲһ顣ŻصҩĸСʱҩϴһ裬·뿪ǰʳóԷһһ׷һλ£ճڣ洫һ꣡
̧ͷһǵħһֱ±ʱѾֽ֪㣬Ц˵ͷ
꣬ķˣֻ뵱һҩʦ
ԾʵΪʲôô˵
΢üͷ˵񶼲ȥϿˣⲻǷʲôҶô˵ǸΤ˵
ҡҡͷҲġҲȥϿֻѾϡ
ǡҲûмȥѵͽ̹ٷǳ˵µ׵Ĳŵ˵һǰ㿪ȥȥ
ɫһ㶣ԼֻҩȻ߽̹ٵѵζûȥˣֲø߽̹ٻ
꣬ȻûзȥѵɡҪΤ죬һ͡µײԻʮˣҪץˡ
лл
ϵл˲˵ĬĬسŶ߳ű˼ţȥѵΪ̸ܹ߽̹٣Ƥ׶ĲҪȥˣʽѾȫֻʡѵＰҩҺ
΢ҡҡͷԼ˷֮󣬳صԼᣬ뵽ҩңʼƤҩ
ҩһȡ˳ȻԺһ֣оЩҩЩϤüͷԽԽʮӵʱ䣬˫Ŀ֮ȻΪĿ⣬Ĭţҽȥ
һ㱣ѾվǰɵسţĿ⽹ڵĵ֮ϣȻڵ֮źܶҩоƤҩҪĲҩкܶĿǰʶĲҩ
ַ˷䣬ȡһһСһν뵽磬ʼСȥҩ
ڲҩǺϤȥЩҩʱҲܹطֱĲҩƷҪ۸ԼĲҩƷʸ̫߳ࡣ
һ˷ܵشӵվתźӶ԰Ƭ֣ڱֵŴƬĲҩȻʶЩҩȴܹ϶ЩҩƷҪĲҩϺܶࡣ
Ŀľ֮ϣ̾һľżԼܣ治֪﾿һʲô磬ľŶܡεҡҡͷһ۶԰߳ţԼᡣ
һصᣬȲؽҩңڵĲҩֳһݷݣһĲҩȻֳ˶ʮݲϡ
һľӸղŵļнƽȻһ̨ϵĲҩʼƹ̡
СʱĲ֮£ɹƳһƿƤҩҩ߳ҩңһνӳˮȻƿҩˮС
һ֮󣬳һƤҩҺ֮Сոս뵽Һ֮УûеȵڳʽļƣҵʹʹƤϴһ˿˿ҩܼسƤٵƤߣʱоͬǧͬʱһ㡣
ʹҪ֮ǰƤҩʮʹϵļⶼŤΣ˫ȴ͸¶һ˿ϲɫʹ೬ʮҲζҩʮҧʼʽеĵһʽ
һƤϵʹͶȻһĶһɽҧ仺ʽеĵһʽ
ּܵ£ǿеڶʽֻڷŵһʽʱ·ü۾ŬؽȫʽĵһʽУȴʱ䣬Ҳڼȴʹ
ϴʱ˳ų겻ͣеһʽҺɢļرøӵǿ͡
ڣ˺Ѱʹʧ껺ʽȻѵش˳̱ڵذϡͷһǽϵĹӣʱ侹ȻȥСʱҩҩЧǿңȻҩЧʱҲ֮ǰҩ۾ȫԼ壬ͬʱ˼ţҲڵĲҩݾԶԵʣҩЧȻɣ


10 ս
Ӻ󣬳ӵһ߽ҩҿʼҩûڵĲҩڵĲҩҪƤҩַԼĳɹʡ
գ֮ǰƳƤҩټ֮ǰƳɹһݣĳɹѾﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ķƤҩպã׼ʱ۸磬Ȼϴһ裬ֳȥص֮һͷҩңڵĲҩƳһƿƤҩϺ˯ȥ
ӣÿƿƤҩµʱ䶼ʽһʽÿһƤҩҺ֮ʱ䶼ڵذھµ׻ʱ䣬ҺʱѾܹǿʹʽĵڶʽƤҩҺУɲܹʹڶʽǵһʽȴѾʮֵ˳ˡҲ˵˶ʮʱѾﵽҪʽڶʽٶѾǿХֻƺڵĲҩƳҩڳҪӵϸ
ֹ죬ܹƤҩҺǿʹʽĵڶʽҺ֮еʱѾԽڶʽеʮﵽ˵ڶʽ۷壬ʽʽ
µ׵һ죬ÿ²ԵӣҲǷƤҩʱ̡
峿㣬ɱӻѣȻʰһУѵȥ39ųȥһ۾ͿѵѾкܶѵеԤʶ淨һжҪʵΪҪϣҪӦʵԣЩԤÿ춼Ҫǰѵѵûʮ춼μѵġ
ԶԶؿ˹еԤͣеĶ㶵ԽԽĳ꣬㾪ϲӭų˹꣬ھѵˣͶˣʲôʱǶܹԼ
Уһѵѵģ֪ǷƤҩӣƤҩİɣ
תͷŭΤȵΤ죬㲻˵û˰㵱ư͡ҶͬԤαԴꣿ
ΤҲַϲΪͬԤҵĳ裬ô㣬Ҫ

ҲǸʸ񣡡Τӵһ֮ҪҪдһ£
ҪڷһԵĳȴؿڵΤ죬㲻˵Ҫдһ𣿡
Τһ㶣ȫû뵽һϲĻд顣Ҫ֪ѵϾźܶƽʱҲԹΤһȭһʮһ꼶ĵһһٶʮڵڶŸд衣ǣûеӭսȴϵص˳ӭսЦƾ㣿
ƾң𣿡ǰһֱΤ졣
ΤؿЦţҲңǸЦ
䣬Цһգһݵسų깴˹ָҵģҽҪ趼ϲ㡣
ʱԤĵԱ˵ֵܣʲô
ϲĸҪΤд裡
ģǵֵ֪ͨǸϽ
䣬Щ˾ͷ׷ͳֻ뺰ǽ̹ˣǷϲĸսΤ졣
ģ
ûԤһٶѵ˹ʮֻа˷ӵʱ䣬һٰʮѧԱȫ롣
ԭӦǺ֮ѵʱһƬžһٰʮѧԱΧһȦӣȦӵģΤԶ
Ƿϲĸ簡һΪ㿪ЦոյԤضԵͬ˵
սľȻΤ죬Τһ꼶еĵһĽ𣿡
ΧҲЦˣЦǼ˭ҲóѰ衣
ʹѵ˽ԤѵΧһȦӣ΢΢üͷ
ûĵߵ˵ȦȥҪԤڸʲô
۾һţĿ¶˾棬̫ԤˡȻ˳꣬һʮûѵԤ
Ҫʲô
ҪսΤ죿
ս
ʱֻһǡս
ڵսѸٵоԼѪҺһսˣսһ꼶Ԥеĵһսնղס
׼𣿡
Τ˫ǰȭͷһž˫˫ӡϵļһ㵭Ĺâǽӽʽڶʽס


11 Ŀ
Τı֣ѾȫġһûͻƵʽڶʽ˲ԼĶ֡ϵս⿪ʼ£ȴøӵʵ
ֻ֣ʮָ΢΢ѾʹԼȫһŰ裬һֱԼΤһĽѵ
ΤͻȻתת꣬Ǽӵͷô
˲Τ뷨ӹһ˿ļʲôͷ
ƿƤҩ
ã붼û̴ӦϻĺµȥңȻƷʲ˺ܶ࣬ǾԼãҲܹ۸״ȡְ
һáָ䣬Τξһ̹һس˹ȭƿ֮ڳҰмٵطŴ
괹ȻָգȻΤȭͷԻ˹ȥ
顫
ֻȭͷڿײ
ꡫ
峺ĹͷѵΤβסˣһֱ˳ʮһƨɵڵϣָ֣۶ϣĿ˾塣
еԤˣһ꼶еһΤ쾹Ȼˣķϲĸ磬⡭ôܣ
ͽ̹Ҳ쳣ԾΤʵ֪ģѾﵽһȭһʮֻʮ˹ͻƵʽڶʽʵȴһȭָǣζʲô
ζų겻ǳԽΤ죬ǲʽĵڶʽ
ôܣ
һֱǷϲ
һֱμѵ
Ѿҷ
ҴΤ죡һҪХĳ嶯
Ҳһߣ
һ꼶ǿߣǿߣ
ϣ
ͽ̹ٷ˺پ⣬ֻҪһϣͻ֪ʵʵ
һ͵Ѹٵź˶顣ΤҲӵٵվͷλá
͵ĿϵشÿɨĿ˳ϣȵ꣬У
ǣ̹٣߳Уվ˸͵ǰ
꣡

ЩΪʲôμѵҪһ͡
ڱչأĻش
չأͱˣΪǽ٣Ҫչأʵʮ㾿ڸʲô
ػش𣺡̹٣Ϊ˲ܵţҲֹͣѵֹͣ˺Σվκ½ΡЩһֱ˳Է֮⣬û뿪һ
΢˫üչ˼ţҲʲû̫ַ˺ݣԼﲻҹĽƺҲͨùˣôֻҪܹͻƾӲǿʵﵽʲô̶ȡ
ͣȥԣ
ǣ̹٣
˫䣬Сһĸǰʱ˵ĿⶼۼڲϣȴųĲݡ
괹ָ˼ΣȻָս˫㷢Ȳ粿첲󲿣ȭͷ֮ϣƿ֮ݺݵһȭڲϡ
顫
һ죬ϵַɿر仯ͣ˶塣
˻
е˶һ幫
ζʲô
ζųʵѾʽĵʽֻһ°һ£ֻжʮ죬ʹﵽһȭ幫ʵʽʽ
ʲô
ٶѾ˶꼶Х꼶ǿ
⡭Ҳ̫ʵˣ
߽̹ٵ۾ҲʹգգȷԼûппϲ겻ǷϲİһŰʱĸԽԽϲ¾ĺúһѾһȥ½̹ú˵˵̹ٸ굥СһҪѳһ
ҲȫסˣԼԼֻܹʽĵڶʽͲܹеʽôֻܹеʽܹ
ѵǡڵĲҩƳҩã˵涨ȼûȫǱԼʵȫھǱĽ
ʱҲסеϲãɫ꣬ɼҪΪһʿͱȫ淢չӽ쿪ʼ㲻ҪصѵҪص½յĿȥ
ɫЩԥ֪ԼʻûдﵽҪжʶЩЭʱص½տãо˷ʱ䡣ԣڶݵԥ֮󣬱˵̹٣һڰҪľϣһ֮ٽк½յѵұ֤еĿĿѵ


12 ʽ
΢΢üͷܷΥʿ뵽ѵĳɹɳʣһж뷨ԤҪᱻ̭ҪͻΪһΪľˡʿסĲߵ
ֳĳɹԲһ̭ˡͲһŰˣһȷľ㱣֤
ұ֤ػش
ãڴĳɼڣӡ
ǣ̹٣
ܲӣʱЩԤĿѾͬǿϲĵĿ⣬¶𾴡
Τ죬С
ΤСܵ˲ǰѾˣֳֻܹŲݺݵػһȭֵԲֻ֣һٶʮĹ
žУ糣شһٶʮ֣Τѹ£ȡ˵ڶĳɼ
˲Сʱʱ䣬һٰʮŸԤȫϡΪµĵһõʮƿƤҩԭӦ÷ŵƿܹ쵽ʮƿΪڶ쵽˾ƿҩĽӦ÷ŵƿܹ쵽ʮƿΤƵ쵽ʮһƿƤҩ
Ÿ߽̹ٵһɢ˷׷ɢȥΤҪȥȴı󵭵𣺡Τ죡
Τͷŭصų꣬˵ô
ƺʲô顣ɵ
Τɫһ£ȻӦ˹ȡƿƤҩ˳꣬˵꣬⣬ϲվǷϲġһʱʤ֤ʲôһһ㡣
еƿƤҩ˵ллˣ
㡭
Τ˲Ǻ죬ŭתȥıܹĲϵĽһһ
꣬ز¶ߵ˳ĸǰЦ˵
ЦаǱȷɺòãҿǷ˺½յĿγ̣еʱ䶼ѵ
Цһš
ɴЦݣȴһͷӽΪһԽѡΪǷϲĵʱ򣬻ܹͦ꣬뵽һ͵͵Աߣѹ˵㣬׼Ƥҩ
ݵĳĬЩ˵ܹãȻǷŵԡȻȥˡ
һָҡҡҪãҸһЧҪԡٸ߳һ
ģ۾һ
ϻķԼҲһ¡
ʲô˵㼱ˣ߳һЧǾͺñȱ˶һƤҩ벻Խ˶Ѱ
溸һӣȻҩҺע棬ڴʽһֱҩЧ
ųͻȻգգۣһȻ״ѹԭ˰˵СôһϲĸһӱŸ磬ԭѾƤҩ
Ȼ꽾˵ѾܹƤҩˡ
¶Ľ֮ɫһܹԼƤҩڳɳĵ·ϻźܶƣȭ˳һµ꣬ŽսҵõʲôϣҪҩ
û⣡Ц
˲ҩ֮£˵˵ЦЦ߳ѵȻֵȥϿΣᡣ
ڹжȹڲҩҩܶʼոһա
Ȼû緢ŵƤҩǽһߣȫʹԼƵҩ˶ʮʱʽĵʽҹ̲סһѵ
ܾģû˼һȭȻȻһƿ죬ȭͷݺݵرڲ֮ϡ
ĿضŲʾϣּٵطͣ˶ʮָϡ
Ȼøǿˣ
˸ŹâոͻƵڶʽʱ򣬾ѾеʽˣǸʱֻǱȵڶʽ幫ԼͻƵʽʱ򣬾ȻűȵʽʮԼʵԼͨʿԽԽࡣ
ʮѾﵽҪʽʽǳ֪Լֻܹʽеʽʽвˡ
صᣬ껹˷ܵ˯šһ£ҪѰһ似һ¡˰СʱŷҪڵ似ȫѪҲǽʽڰʽΪһʿʸ


13 
꽫ӿӱϣ΢΢üͷ˼ţüëͻȻһԼڼҸ԰Ÿһѧ̫ȭЦ꽡١
ϱƿʼһ·ȥװĶʮʽ̫ȭһȭܹоԼЭԱս֮ʱһ˿Ǻܲ⣬о˵ЭʮֵĻֻа˷֣ܹﵽ˵֡
ӴˣĹжһݡÿճҩʽ֮⣬ֶһ̫ȭ̫ȭԼЭŴٽá
󣬵˳ĵڶµסȻѾϡ緢ŵƤҩǿȥ״ȡְԳһܵѵڵŸ߽̹ٵĵ
ոյѵͼΤһǸ´һ³꣬¶меĵһ
˭꿴Է߲ƣҲطʵ
ϲģλǶ꼶ʦ֣ұ磬Ҫдһ¡ôҲҰΤ˵
꼶ʦ֣һһսв꼶ʦҲˣѹ
ʱλ粻ͷغȵ꣬Ҿͽѵһ٣ȻұƿƤҩˡҼһδһΡ
䣬Ҳ𻰣һȭռһƬ̥ͬͻȻƣȭͷѸٵڳǰŴ
ЭԭͲֱԷͻȻϮȭֻǿ̧˫۷ǰ
顫
ͬһĦгײˣһ׶࣬ĵ˼ովȣͼλѾХų˹
üëһĿ¶һ˿⡣ղ˶ԷһоԷҲٹڡ˵ԷʵҲֻʽʽˮƽһ꼶Ԥû뵽ֻƤĲ㡣
̫ȭĿھȻڳԺһʽ乭仢ȭݺݵŶԷȭͷײ˹ȥ
顫
ȭͷݺݵڿײԷĿһоĳǱȴҲû϶١
ôܣ
СӿǸոս˰ʽôģҲʱ䡣ֻҪ֮ڽʽɣͿԳΪһʿһʱͻƵʽ
γûбԷɣֻȵվסŶԷȭ˹Ҳͬʱ˵ȭ
顫
һε˸Źȭһȣס֣
ͬʱס֣Ϊ˶Ǹڸ߽̹ٵġʱ߽̹ˮ׺ݵصΤıȵ죬첻ò𣿡
ɫһ˫һģľ˴ص̹٣̾ȥԡ

ǣ̹٣
ʱһ۳궼ңܳѵŶ꼶ѵȥ߽̹ٵĿΤ죬Τصͷ߽̹һȵϣ
һٰʮŸԤһ߿ٵؼϣһ͵͵ųꡣǵʮֳԾ̫ˣȻܹͶ꼶ʦƴֻ΢·磬Ц֮ǰԼ˻ЦԷǷϲģķϲ
꣬У߽̹ɵһ˳֡
ǣ̹٣
ܳУͣ˲ĸǰһһıһȭڲϡ
顫
ʾϣֿٵطš߽̹ڵ˶Ŀ۽ʾϡ

һ󾪺ʾϹͣ˶ʮĹϡһ㶣û뵽ʱԼ
һԵĸ߽̹٣ôءûмھͰʽʽģֱǸ
߽̹һ֪ǲܹؿסֻܹذֻܹһı
ӣʱѾָƽó֮󣬺һ֣㣬У
ǣ̹٣
ܳ˶Уվ˲ĸǰһȭʾϵͣһʮϣֻĹͻʽĵڶʽ
ص˵ͷӣֽϴεΤгС
ʱΤֵѾȬվڲĸǰػһȭʾϵѸٵķ֮ͣһʮһϡ
Ǹ֣в̾ΤʣԼǷ˶̬ƤҩķԼиƷʵƤҩݣԼȫΤĶ֡


14 ս
ʱҲų˹ĿдŸмǳ̬Ƥҩķôߵ˿죬Τȵѹ¡һڴʽʱǷʹϵļⲻ鴤һ£ԷĳǾ塣
СʱҵʱȥڶµĲԽ쵽ʮƿƤҩصԼᣬϸ·ŵʮƿټԼƵƿŵһѾʮƿͨƤҩЩҩǼֵٻ֡
֮ŵ磬ҪȡһЩҩͻȻɫһ㶣ЩҩȻѡ˷ȫ￪ѳһҩ԰ЩֲȥԺͲҩˡ
˵ɾ͸ɣѰһطæһʱ䣬ѳһҩ԰ȻЩҩֲȥֻص˷ȡһСˮͰٴν磬СȡһЩˮЩҩСĵؽһ£ŴȡĲҩص˷䡣
ڳֶһչҩ԰
Լķش󣬹ýŶйɣȴ֪ѾΪڶ꼶ķ
ڶ꼶ѵϣŲԶ죬š
ǲģ쾹Ȼʰһһ꼶
˵Ǹһ꼶꣬²ڵһ
첻£˵ıһ꼶һʲôʱǸˣ
԰ıܽʲôţ
Τ죬˵ѾҪͻƵʽڶʽˣСӻǸš
ǵϢ̫ˣѾˣǸڸողеĳɼ˶ʮĹƤĲʵǰŵǶ꼶Ҳһ
ǲģ
ǲģȥ첻֪ˣ
ߣȥʡ
ʮŲԶ˹ȥ
죬˵һ꼶Ǹ꽻ˣ
ɫһ䣬һ꼶Ԥȥսһһ꼶һûаѶԷ˶ˡЩ鱻꼶ͬѧ֪û뵽֪ˣһʵԼǰǣҲסƵص˵ͷ
Щ֮Ҳƽʱ첻ԸģԲֻ˵а죬ǲǹ񫣬Ǹһ꼶СʰùǺ

ЩѾ֪ʵ˲ЦһƬЦУֲܹЩ˵ϡЩʵڲ֮䣬ɽһǻŭ˳ϣаģ꣬һҪݺݵŰ㣬ϴˢҵĳ衣
ߣһԱתͷһɫһ䣬ХԱ߹ضһ仰
̱˽ɫ
ʱĳһףһ߽ԼᡣӵжʮĹЩȫûѹ
׼ڽȫʳöԸȥ׼Լڼ򵥵ԾˡһеľͶ뵽֮С
ҹӰΤ졣һƵòУ꼶Цÿ˵˵ڻǳЦԼԣҲ̲סˣ¿αҵΤ죬Τȥҳ꣬Ҫ̽ܣĸ첲ʹȣϴˢԼ衣
ǣ˰ţû˿ķӦΤԥһµ磬ҿ㣬ġ
ҧøֱǳȥ
磬Сйͬ⣬Է䣬ᱻ̵ġ
ѵôˣɫࡣ
ôʱҲҽҲûȥʳóԷ˵һʳСѾϵˡ
˵˫һ˿ɫûùµ׵ĲԣŵµײԵʱ򣬱ԵŲ֮󣬵սǸʱ򣬾ǽ̹Ҳ˵ʲô
ʱڸʲô
ʱڲҩͲ֪ⷢһСɰԭĹɽŵš
ڽŶʵӭ˵µףγ˶ʮʱͻƵʽĵʽʱѾϴܵѵȥ͵͵ԼǰͰؼѵһѾóµòٸꡣ
峿ůͨѵּϣͷ˾޴ĺͣ˽Ų̧ͷһӵQ180սԶȥʱѾǳĲڲϵ֪Щսǰս
ս
սȭͷֻѪڡ


15 
սʧҰУٴѵȥ
ܿ죬ѵѵѾкܶˣɨһۣƺԼһġ
Ȼյã߽̹پѵߺһϣ
һٰʮѸٵźö飬߽̹ٱվ˶֮ǰĿϵɨˣĿ˳ϣ꣬У
ǣ̹٣
Уת˲
վڲǰ񣬾ֺץءȻһţȲ۲󲿣ȭͷϱƿ֮ݺݵػڲϡ
顫
ʾϵּٵط˵Ŀⶼ۽ʾ档ڼٷ־ֹˡ
ٶʮһ
žĶ黩Ȼˣû뵽֡˭֪ʽԽͻƻԽѣһͻƤʽ뵽Ƥ㡣
ֻгԼ֪ԼûͻƵʽͻ˵ʽ
Τɫ䣬ڲԽıսꡣʵֻƤĲ㣬˻սģŰģ
ǣʱҲûа취뱣־һҶ
ãܺã߽̹ٸ˵ǰʹĴųļȻһӵӣ
֮󣬸߽̹ٵĿϣڴغȵ㣬С
˹עĿ£һʮ˹ɹͻƵƤڶ㣬ΤҲһʮһͻƵƤڶ㡣ȴû˿˷ܣһ˿Ȼ
֮⣬ҲûͻƵƤڶ㡣Сʱҵʱ䣬µĲԽˣڸ߽̹ٷƤҩ֮ɢ˶顣
ѵȥһţΤ첽ѵȥǣֻǸո˼㿴߽ѵ󻹸һȺ꼶Ԥ

Τд󼱣ոոϳһ֣쳯ųȵ꣬ҪսɸӦս
ںĳɫһ㶣תͷ졣쿴ϷɫΪӦս˫վڳǰӵ˵㲻ңֻҪ´ҵȥҾͷŹΡ
ʱѾָƽʵϴѾ˽⣬ɲŶԷܹԼһڵõһεͻơǣ˵ʱ䣬ص㡣
ڣӲ˵ǵ̬кǲˬѾ˾ģһҪѳС
ãʹصͷ
Ŀһɨ㿴˸߽̹٣һŸ߽̹ٵ߽̹٣ԤҪͳд裬߽̹ٵβС
ȷˣ¸߽̹ͳƴȿ߽̹ٵβСҲֹѧԱ֮ıԣֻҪ֣߽̹ҲûֹǸ߽̹ٵıֻоһ˿ԣΪڸ߽̹ٵûһ˿ĲãЦеص˵ͷ
˶ȥмͳó˿յأ߽̹ٿͳվм䣬Զߺһʼ
һ䣬ѾȲҽһŵأνŵͬһֻԱ˳꣬ȭתŴſ׺ݵú˳ȥ
ҽǰһ̤һƬٶʮһȻȭ֮ϣӭȭͷӲ˹ȥ
顫
һֻȭͷݺݵײһ
ꡫ
ָǶѵĵˣٴ̤ǰһڿԾһʽͨź˹ȥ
ĵ޷վȣĸָͷĹǽڶѣֻвִٻӳȭųȭͷӭ˹ȥ
顫
ꡫ
ιͷѵѾشȥһֱ۵ĹͷϡǾ壬βסصˡ
תһʽ̫ȭеҵޣͬһɿתĳĶ˹ȥ
ر۾ʱ˫ȭѾˣֻܹĺˣͲܹԼ
顫
һӰڿһӰͳм䣬С۵ס˳ҵޣ漴һס֣
䵽˵ϣת˰Ȧĵĺ˼վΣĿȥǸ߽̹վ֮䡣
꣬ѾʧȥսΪʲôҪɱ֣
ս⽥ȴŸ˵̹٣Բ̫˷ˡ
һתɫ԰ףȵʲôӶˣ
ϵļ˼£ͷĬĬѵȥΧ۵Ķ꼶ԤҲӸӵؿ˳һɢȥ


16 ǿХ
һһ꼶±嵽˳ĸǰ̧Žӵ˿Сܹܶ꼶ԤǸоһ꼶ĽֻΤվһߣĿɬ
Сǣһ˰
һ仰ת뿪ѵһ±͸ûԼźӽӵøߣҲչ˫۴Цţ㱻ͬʮΣűҷһΧų˵Цűѵȥ
꣬û뵽ѾͻƤ㣬̫ˡ
꣬ʲôʱȥϿΰ

һ߻شͬ⣬һѵȥԶԶؼХбڴŵϵЦݽХ
ʱҲХ˲ȥձýšҲЩţХ첻ͬǶ꼶ţѾڵĸ֣ؿѪ֮ʽʿ
бϵХԽԽ˽ŲХҲվֱų˹
һҵĵطͣס˽ŲХͻȻųõЦųֵХ
֮꣡λ΢ֺ֮Хյһ
㲻ХЦ˵
ллϵ˵
ɿ֣Х΢ЦΧЩ±ɨһۣЩХ˼ȻЩʧ䣬ʶȤһХòظǣѸٵȥ
ХתŴȥҲХԡХתͷ͵ؿһ۵СȻ˶ʮͻƵƤڶ㣬Ǵҵļ¼ҴԴ涼ǹ⻷ǿļ¼
ôûԴй⻷
һشӶ洫˹Хϵɫһ˾ĿŽֵȥǿһ̨ȻŵЦ⣬ȴһģ
ХɫЩȻϾղڱ̸ˣЩᡣǿߵǰĿ˵ѲӣЩ
ͻȻӽֶ洫һЦ˲˹ȥŮžװؽֻţŮЦഺرмŮǰһ
ǳμǸŮĿвһĨ͡ХǼǸŮĿǸŮǿֻǿĶŮһۣת׶ǸŮ
ǿ磡
ǿֳһ˿ЦǵȵתȥʱֳָõЦݡ
ֶмǸŮ˹ǿ磬ôþòȥˣ
ǿϵЦɲãⲻæ𣿡
޵촽˵ǿ磬㲻ǵһ𣿸ﻹôƴ
ؿһǿĵǿкøаǡǿƺڶ
һƷŮȻţ︡һ˿档
ǿһӿָХͳСӱƵֻ̫Ƿһ㣬ͻᱻ׷ϡ
һХͳֵ꣬ذǿһۣλХǶ꼶òãλǡ
λţǿƺҵ˸ı仰ͷɫһ֣صؽܵλһ꼶±֪˶ʱͻƵƤڶ֪ʲôʵ𣿡
Щǿ˵ЩԺų꣬ҧҧ촽ӦòǿǿɣҲʮͻƵƤ㡣ֻȥµʱ䣬Ƥڵ㣿
ǿ˵ХʮʱͻƤڵڶ㣬Хûгǻ𣿡
һԵХð˼ƺǿ˵Хңֻ˶ʮͻƵƤڵڶ㣬ʵڵ㡣˵ܹûѹ𣿡
Ҳð˼ƺǿȫǰԼ֮ĵơ
ѽȵųʵ
Ȼģǿ˵Сӽг꣬ǵ
˵ʲôѽСȭͷǿϺݺݵĴ˼ȭ˵˵ˣǿǻˣ
䣬תŽֶŮȥܿʹŮﱬЦŮŶһۣЦȻǣ뿪ˡֻ¿Цӡ
ǿջĿʼ磬һεģģԼúХȴǷᡣǿųֵǿ
꣡Ҳò֡


17 ȫΣ
һԵХܳǿļҪҵûʶҪ־͹Լûдҵļ¼
ļ¼˲𣿡Хһ㿪ǿ֣Ŀ͸¶һ˿ս⡣
𣡡ǿֵҲܵģѵġ
Хսһ٣ɢʱѾ֪ǿԼһǿ˳Ǳͳ꽻õġ
Ȼǵ꼶ʵȳߣǳͻ״ʾǱˡδսϣǺܻܿΪսѣǰһδǿսγĬÿʿҪġԣХˣǿˡ
һǿ˵
ǳ껹ХǶܾġ˽ֵһݣٴһλ£Х˵ĬĬغȲ裬Ͼһڵĸֶ棬ûѹǲܵġ
ХµĲĳɼôǿȿڵ
Хһ˿ͻƵڵˡأ
ǿҡҡͷһͣڵ㣬ԽԽˡھͽսҲֻвϵսܹͻơ
ХҲͬص˵ͷֳһ˿
˵ռѷ컹ڲϵĸֹ߲ˣǵľǰЩزסˡǿ¶һĨǡ
˵ǰȥǰߣסơХС˵
ǿͷüиֳһ˿Ĩȥǵǵʿǲڿռѷ֮󣬸ԵòáѾα˺˷ߣǸ߲ɳ˸ֽ߶ħѾʧءʹˣڵҲֲ˶á
˼˵Хǿ˵̬󣿡
ǿͷܿܣħ򣬻ȪũܣѩɹȣĽҲͬ״ռѷУǹƫƫӵռѷ죬ħߵĿռѷԻСģũǱߵĿռѷӵؿ㣬ܵѹ󡣻ȪѩɹȺͰĽ󴫳ϢҲЩܲסˡҲò˶ã˱ͨȫ򣬲ȫѡսʿ
ĬĬǿХ̸֮ЩݡЩ֪ģҴʱпʼġһЩռѷʧ֣ʱʲô֣
һֱĬĳ꣬ǿͻȻЦ꣬ô˵ѵղǸŮ
ŮʲôŮ̸ĳһʱûзӦſʵ
ǿЦе˵
΢΢üתХʵôǸôû˵
Хӵؿ˳һ۵˵ĳԼô˵Ů
Ů񣿻
Ƕ꼶ѧԱǲһǾϵԲһѵ
ϵ겻ʵ
ϵһܹþϵⲻʲô˶ܹģҪ츳ӵϵ˷ǳϡ٣ǵĹܹģ˵ǳ¡ϵϵ־ż˵ǻѾﵽ
ХḶ̌ȴǳ̾ͶԾϵǸһ˽⡣
ϵܹΪżԻǸԼҪС侹ȻѾﵽòֲûΪŮ
ôĲХ֮ǿЦеų˵
ǿһ۵ðɣϹӶܹǸ̬Ȳͬ
ԭֵô԰ǿ̧Լ
УХͬʱ˱ӡ
ǿһָ˵һǲ֪
Хͳ궼ûгȴ¶ѯʵĿ⡣
ܾջ
УХͬʱм漴ͿŵشͣЩͰ͵˵˼ǡ񻪹͡
ǿصͷŮ
ʱĳ֮󣬳ХһͬصȮŮ
ХͻȻתͷǿ̬ȣıҲ򵥰ɣ
ңͨĸ߸˧ûʲô󱳾ȻȻز꣬ղʲô
ɫص˵ѷʧ֮˳ħũܣѩɹȣȪͰĽ֣֮
ǿɫҲأѹ˵ѾܻеĿѧңʮŬоһַ֣ʱཫڷ֮ڡ


18 ϵ
֣꾫һǽ÷ֱӰѿռѷϲ𣿡
ǿЦô򵥣ҪȶĻܹ֧ռѷǼ䲻ȶģڲͣģܹ֧ŷ֣
˳Ĭˡã굣ĵʵڿѧҽƳɹ֮ǰڿռѷʧأ
Ǿĩգǿصػش𡣼̶ĿгᶨԣЩ˵ڿѧҽƳɹ֮ǰֵס֣ڿռѷǰء
еսһͷ˳ڿռײХĿƵǿǿ
ãþûŰˣǿ˲豭ɳվȥ
Хɢ˷ܺս˺棬꿴˿˱ӰȻɳǿıӰǿ߸˧㸶˰

ֱߵ˲ݶһ꼶ѵϣʱХǿԶѵһǿ̨ľƵϣ첲ڴϿѵϵˡ
Хˣ˫ȭ˿ϵعǿǿ˫źڴ˸ХĹ档ĿһܹǿûʹȫǽԼѹ㣬Хһ㼶ϡֻÿһÿһʽǡõطХ˫ȭĵϣХĹЧ

ХԾһܼĿǿĶš
ǿˣһηһֻȭͷ·ĿϾӡ
顫
ХȾǿĶŻ׵ʱǿȭͷϡХӱ㵹˳ȥڿһķصһɲǣҽźݺݵһŵأ汻ųһǳӣͬһ֧ǿ
꿴Ŀѣۣ䡣ʱûͻƤڣܹϰ似Ǹ߳˫սľ
ܹöһĶ
˼ӳѣתͷȥ֪ʲôʱԼߣһֽĿ˳˵У
գգ۾ʵĿö㲻ֻƤ𣿡
ջĿ⣬תͷߵĻʱͻȻԾϵȤûмϵߵʵǾζԵ˷ģ
˫Ŀ΢΢һ˫Цеųꡣ겻֪ΪʲôͻȻһ˫۾Լŵ磬һŮ񲻻Լʲô뷨ɣ
꣬棡
ʱǿХ֪ʲôʱѾ˱ԣųͻǿָųЦе˵
ͷһ̻ĺëֻԴһȭͷСʯͷƮڿСʱΪתͷӲһǿʯͷ
һ
겻ȥǿʯͷԱȥȻڿе䡣عͷ˲ͷϵ亹ɶŻ˴Ĵָ
ǿߵ˳ǰļ꣬㲻ǵһαŪˣϵĿʶˡ
ЦЦתͷХô
Хϵļⶶһµһ׷ġ
ȻָǿǿЦ׷ң㻹Ǳˣ𱻳׷ϱȽʵ
۾šХȼܵս⡣
ǿ˰˵¸µײپ۾ۡ
ãХһͷ
ˣǿɾתߡ
ǿ磡ӿ̨ǿ׷˹ȥ
Х໥ӶЦһ߳˴ţȻֵȥ
˳ŴԼȥͻȻֵǰһǰȥʮ˷ֳڽ϶ֵźܶڹۿԼ俴м
Ŀһϳ˿ԼһǺԼһһ꼶±Ǳ˹ȥܵǰоһܹλ±ڶˡʱںͶԷеһ˴򶷡ȵ꿴Է򶷵ķʽи𶯡
ԷȻһϵѧԱʱһذƮڿвϵи塣ȻҪԷǶԷȴضţȻŶذϵи㣬ϵ·иã·ѾѪ
ۡ
ǱذͻȻĴȣƺһڵϡ


19 ʹ
ಡ
ǱذĴϰ˳ڿһصǸ˵ĸǰؽס˿еĶذǸؿһ㣬³֣
һڵĵһѣʱȴˣҵáһŭ⡣ǣѹеŭ⣬Ⱥ˳ǰֽô£
һ˿ʹڳİվһ˿Ȼȴ첻ʱ±Χ˹һ±ߵ˵¿λˡƲǲСһ£ǾŪǵ·
ѵǲ𣿡ǸǱذǱذͬճָ֮תţǸ߹ľϵǾԭֻѵһ٣ҸˡڣµǸÿ˶һ
˵Ǳذָ㲻м˵
Χնʱ·˶ԭǳ꣬ʱɢ˵ĺ⡣Ŀ˶ǸŵľϵѧԱ
ôǸϵѧԱų˵ѵ¹򶼲᣿ҪҪҰ㣿
˫ֶȻһգžǽڵһץס˱ŭĳ꣬ǿ
ӹһ˿붯֣ƾ
顫
ҽǰһ̤˦֣һǰܳ˶ǸꡣǸ겻м˲һǱذ˳ꡣ
Ľżڵһ㣬бһȻͬһͷԱһؼ˳ȥͬʱĶűĶڸոձŪ֪ǰѴԼձ߷ɹȥĶذᱻԷŷɻ
ȻڳԷҵʱ˱ƿյÿ̫ȭȭлһʽһĶӹ
βͣһҴŶԷѸٵؿһ˿ӣ˫Ȼڵһ壬źȥ˲˺ͳ֮ľ룬ͬʱеǱذһųǰؼ˹ȥ
ζذٶȻӿ죬ֻһʹ·Ǳذ˳ұۡ
˫ĿһУһʽϲǡ˫Ѹٵڵϵߵ㣬ͬˮϻͬһֻĺŸ˲ƽ˶Է
ߣ
ЩѿٴѸٵصˣͬʱɳȥǰѶذڿһųĺ󱳺Х
΢е۷һ˿âٴʹϲǡǱХĶذȻ˶ԷǸһ˿ңһֻȭͷмطŴ
顫
ٶʮһڶԷϣ˲佫ԷñΣʧذط˳ȥ
ۡ
Ǳذ˳Ҽ磬ǶԷһȭݺݵغϣ˲ľǱذʧȥ˿ƣֻ˳Ƥ⣬ȴû˵Ľǡ
ǸոմӵҡԴҪѹѾһεǰ̫ȭҵŽţݺݵĸǸ˲һϺģ
ǰһһʽ̫ȭ״ݺݵػڶԷĺ󱳣顱һٴνԷſڵϡ
ǸԴûдӻѣ⸹һţİһ⣬˲ϢĸоſڵҲ
Χۿһ۾𾪵ؿǰһС
ߴܾϵߣ
Сõĺ̫ȭ
ļٵģ꽡ٴܾϵߣ
ǸѵطһڵϷŭųꡣͬɿ˹ңֽ䱸ͣеһϵɫسųȵСӡ
Ļ³֣㶯ˣŵæһͣ䱸ųꡣ
̧ۣ쵽˱ס˲ҼϵĶذһǰѶذұϰ˳
ۡ
һѪ˳
꽫ذõǰذŶذļⲿ˫һžһذмϡ
ڵϵǸƤӳ鶯һ£ؿһۣĶذϣ˵
תȥǸ꣬һ˲͵ͨ졣
һȳһյӭһֻȭͷݺݵش˳ϣ˷ܵغ꣬ģ
±ҲΧ˹˵꣬߹ľϵڵϣ̫ˣ


20 ľ
꣬Ҽˣû¶ɣ
ȥҽҰɣ
걻˴ӵȥıһȺĿ⡣ڽֱߵһ̨վżϱеһϱСӹݰԶֺݣԼҲݡһñ
ڽֵһߣĿ𾪵ųıӰȻ˾ϵߣ
ϲűصԼᣬԺлźǸϵֵ߽˲䣬òϾϵżơرԶ͵ϮУȫơ
Ѿ֪Ҫ츳ģû츳ǲܹġӵо츳˷ǳ֮٣ǵĽʽҲǳԱΪ߹ߡ
ˣҪЩʵʵˣһŬȡһ㿪Ѫɣ
꽫עˮȻ󵹽һƿƤҩϵ·ȥ룬ѵذұϵıקȥ֮ڡ
˺ѰʹۣǳѾӦ˺ܶ࣬ϲû˿ı仯ǣȵʼƤҩʽʱϵļ㲻ܿƵؿʼ鴤ʽʱ򣬾ҵʹļⶼڲ
ٴλصйɵ֮УҩʽչԼѵҩ԰ȥҩ̫ȭ
ͨκ;ϵ֮Ĵ򶷣оԼЭǿﵽ˰˵ĵˮƽû뵽̫ȭȻ˺áǣ̫ȭ͸ӵġ
ԺܸߣƤĲʵЭҲӵ˵ĵĳ̶ȣ̫ȭһ
ֵµףĵĸµסµףûͻƵʽʽоԼͻƵʽҲΪڲԶ
峿
һ꼶ѵǶųкҲ΢ЦźʹҴкûѧԱץһʱʽΧѵɢԼ
һӵʱ䣬ͽ̹׼ʱسѵ
ϣ
Ÿͽ̹ٵһߺȣһٰʮŸԤѸٵŶӣȻɶӳǰ㱨Ȼ󷵻ضС
ԭӳӦǳģĹ˭ǲԵĵһ˭ǶӳǳμѵҲֻðѶӳְ񽻸㡣
꣬У
ڴų꣬Ҳ֪Լڵܵ˲ĸǰһ˫Ŀ˲Ȼһȭڲϡ
ʾϵּٵطͣʮŹϣֻһͲ涨Ƥ㡣
͵¶һ˿ʧ˲;ԼЦѵųÿ¶ͻƲɣʽԽԽѣֵѾˡ뵽¶Цݣ˵غӣ
СʱҲϣſڵʱ򣬼ǿХһһߵųꡣǰǿЦôͻûУ
귭һ۵Ϊɣÿ¶ͻƣأͻûУ
ȻѾͻƵ߲㡣ǿָХСûͻƣ㡣꣬ӰѾϽԽˡ
ХƵŶĲȥ߱˵ߣȥȲ裬ǿ͡
Ϊʲôңϴξġǿر߱˵
˭ͻ˭롣ХӲ˵
ϴûͻƣΪʲôģǿġ
ХͷҲصƿ˲ݵŵϴûͣġ
㡭ǿΪ֮ᡣ
ЦеǿļΪףͻƣӦġ
㡭ˣ
ХͳıӰǿƵ߽˲ݡǵ󣬽ֵĶ棬һ꼶ЩԤųıӰʧڲݵڣһ¶ĽĹâ
ܹǿХļֵܰ
˺һ裬֮ȥ˶ѵХǿдһҲ̲סХдһΣȻˣȴоࡣ˷ֵʱ¸µپ۾ۡ

ͻʽʽҹ͵͵ȥѵһ£ﵽʮһʼƽƤ㡣ʵѾڹ涨Ƥ㡣
һա
վڵľŵĸǰһֱǳĺ棬治߱ϡҩľŻܣı־̫Զһ㵭ر֮Եüء
ľôܰ
֨֨ҡҡλεľк·ɵʱѵľϳһƣһžȻȥһ졣


21 ʽ
Ȼһǲܹ˵˼άȥģܵľƺѾǲſ޸ĿܣԼܹҵľҪĶľǲǾͲܣԼͨ
Ժɿ˼ţԺһ֣뿪磬صԼᣬܽҡٶȴ򿪵ԣ½ҳ棬㿪̡
Ѹٵĵ㶯һҳ棬ͼꡣ֮ǰѾ֪ЩҲǷԵģǳع졣ЩҲаMΪ׵ྭܵĴ֮󣬼оƬֲ忪Ļﵽս;
ѸٵҵľԵ࣬鿴һ£һҪ200̹֡رյԣܵʵң緢ܹʮƿƤҩװ˱뿪Ž״ɿȥ
ڽ״ڣ꽫ʮƿƤҩȫۣİʮ֣Ȼԥİٻֻȡһࡣ
һСֻ˳10֣Сͱڣűɿȥ뵽ᣬɿؽ뵽磬վľŵĸǰ˼ȶһԼ
ɰڴһ٣
Сͱ䣬óһľ࣬Ǹոóҡҡλεľ̲ҡˣϻóһŴ죬һһϼ³֣ң
оһϲСͱ䣬ǿ࿿ľţȻһֽǿӽľŵĴ
֨֨
ľŵĴ䶯ž׽ţһģ곢Žһֻ̤ľţľŸͲֻǹ׽пϲСͱٶܹľš
ܹľŻͷһۣľŻ׽ţһĿ˱֣һ󼤶
ٲűȥĿɨҩġ⼸µʱΪԼҩ츳Ҳ˴Ĺҩķ֪ʶʱĿ֮ϧҩģݾԵĹ
̾վ˵һʯĸǰʯʯϷһȭͷСˮˮ
Ŀʯ棬ĿһϷĸ֣Ƥҩ
ƤҩƷͳ֮ǰƵķһЩͬһζҩַҲвͬ
ʱ뿪ʯʯȥһ·ȥܹжһʮ˿ʯŵȫǸҩ
վһʯĸǰǿʯ̵Ĳҩֻ֣ҽڣ
վʯ֮ϳãҡҡͷ﾿ʲôط
ҽڣѵЩʯ֮¶ҽ
겻˻ԭλãվ˵һʯĸǰĿʯǿӵ档
ӾʲôΪʲôÿʯ涼һӣ
ֲǿӵ棬ȻоԼʶһ㱣ȵٴѵʱѾվһİĿռ
δȵ꿴Χ״ǰĿռƺһ£һ͸ˣֱ˳һ
Ǹ͸ҲڳǰķʱͻȻһİĿռ䣬ͻȻһ͸˳ֶ𾪡
ߺܿͱǸ͸Ͻ͸¶֮ɫǸ͸˾Ȼڴʽ
ʽʽֲͬͬ񽥽سһһʽ֮С
֪˶ãʶһ㱣֮ʱԼվǿʯ֮ǰԴʹһԡջûеֵסһᣬˤڵϻ˹ȥ
ٴԴѾʹӵԼվڵһʯĸǰȥľϵĴѾʧֿʼ֨֨ҡΡ
˻ԴŬԼһЩȻԼȥһİĿռ䣬ǸİĿռһ͸ʽ
һʯϵӣ꼯еľǻղżеʽ
һ֮󣬳곤³һֳϲ֮ɫǸ͸ʽؼڳԺ
£˳˼﾿ô£Ϊʲôһ磬ҩʽ
ĿΧʯȥÿʯϷһӣЩ涼صĴС
Ϊʲô


22 
һʽ
˵ΪھϵĴжģѵ˵ѵԹϵ磿
ҡƺھĴлԼõ硣
Ȳˣܹ鲻ǻ£ԼȽõʽԡ
ĿһɨΧʯһʯϵһĳ嶯ջǵؿסԼղŵĻЩļ£ǵԼȫͻʽ֮ȥʯ
ǸСͱľȥվľŵԱߣľŵֻûһŴ죬Ż΢΢Ǹ˼겻һ·
оúЦ⾿һʲô簡
Сͱ䣬һȡ˳Ӹľšľŵõ㽫ͷ˳߹ľţͷһۣоһȻطľϵƾȻһЩ
⡭ľð
صԼᣬȲؽ뵽ʵңʼʯϵķƤҩƳ֮ȲؽעˮƤҩˮУһ֮ҩˮں֮󣬳˽ȥʼҺµõʽ
Сʱ֮󣬳ſϣûˡǣȴЦݡ
µҩȻʹĳ̶ȱ֮ǰҪһµõʽҲʮֱֱ̬Ӱѳӵʽ˵һʽȻܹٽ뵽ڶʽ֮СЧȴǾ˵ġ
ҩµõʽܹоԼȻ»صڶʽƤԺǿһʵĸı䣬Ҳоһǿ
ԭһͨ˵Լһٹңÿʽһͻʮʽȫ֮ʱӵٹ
ǵڵĲҩƵҩʱ򣬾ѾԼҪڹ涨ڵҩҩʯϵʽоԼһǿˡ
ҵҪһʽöǿ
귢ˣ̫ȭеʱҩƤҩ͵ʽ
ѾƤĵӣķǳ֮죬ʱ˵ʽ˵ʽʽʼѣʮһ죬ʽõʱӵĳ
һһ͵ʽ֮ǰʽĲͬԽԽҲԽӵ˸
оԼƤϷ·һ˿˿ܼشܶÿһʽʽ嶼΢س鴤ţ⻹Ѿ˽ʮʱ䣬ڸտʼʱܹȥΪ鴤̫ܹסԼĶ
оһ˿˿໥γһŵȫ֣޴ʹϮʡ
ʽʱԵڲϵǿΧҺĶγУÿһ̲ž޴
䡫
һͻƵʽͻƵı˲ƲסΧȻѣ޴ײȥ
䡫
˼飬Һк˳ȥʮó꼫ΪƣͻƵһɲǣһɣ˹ȥ
ۡ
굹µ弤һƬˮ
ڵķãˮܼѡ˶ˮֻڳӣȴûһ˿͸ǽ棬¥¡
һ꼶ѵϡ
һٰʮ˸ѧԱѾ룬ֻгûеͽ̹ٵܹγˮѧԱҲֳ˽֮ɫֻΤֳֻĿ⡣
ͽ̧̹һֱȵУ
ǣ̹٣
һСʱʱ껹ûг֡͵͵ע⵽ͽ̹͵͵ѵĴȥÿһΣɫһ֡ҲĬĬϽ֣ͬʱҲŵģĳǲǳʲô顣
ڲԽ֮󣬸ͽ̹ٵһ뿪ˡû߳ͣתͷ㣬£
һ£Ÿͽ̹ȥͽ̹ҲȵеѧԱ뿪֮ų˵֪֪Ϊʲôûԣ
̽ͷҡ˹һ㣬΢΢üͷ֪֪
ҡͷͲͷ˵ˣһ¡
䣬ͳֻ˵һͨȻ̧ߡϸϣߵ˴ſڣǿХӭŸ;һ߽̹٣ôûпꣿ


23 
Ϳһۣ˵һɣ
ǿХһ£㲻˸͵
ڳ⣬ʹţȴû˿üͷһȻһȭĸ
䡫
űһȭ俪֮㿴˵ϵˮڴмɢһЩƬ롣
꣡
ĸͬʱȻɿܽ˳Զ£ѸٵضԳ˼飬Ȼһ
̹٣ôˣǿĵʵ
ӦȣۻˣЩʹ˵СӻǸˡ
ܴţ΢΢üͷô£ôôƬˮ
촽䶯£ȴû˵Һķ߹ûг£ܹ˵
ȰС̧ϣһüͷСʲô񱣬ôʱ򻹳壿
Ƥӳ鴤һ£ʱҲǳ塣ⲻǷϻˮ˭·
ĸų֫ѳ̧ŵ˴ϡȻĸ˾͸԰һڳĴǰ
ʹһŽĿתǿХϣĵģ˵û¶Ҳ˯ˣ
͵Ļ˵ɫǿХʵô
ǿХͬʱҡͷǿȵûͻƣ߲ͣ㡣
ХҲڵҲûͻƣͣϡ
͵˵ͷžĸĬĬػڳߡʱţһһҹʱȥˣĸ϶¶˽֮ɫԭ͸оܿͻѣȴû뵽ôáε̽壬ֻƣȣֻҪ˯һͻָȴû뵽˯ôáʱЩˣǲǽ͵ҽԺ
ǿХ㶼û뿪ȥѵػڳߡüͷѾҽԺǣʱ򣬳۾
̫ƣˡ
һµĸǿﵽ˱ٽ㣬ⷬ˯ľָֻ۷塣
ԾŴǰĸˣСʵôˣ
Ǽһȷϳû֮ŷŭ꣬㾿ô¶ôԹȥЩô¶
걻ôһ˲飬ԼͻƵʽʱƲסӣȻ֮»˯˹ȥ
Ŀȥ̻⣬΢ɲҡҡͷ֪㲢ûнҺķ߸͡мٵţҪҪַ߸ͽ̹٣ַ
ԺȻǿڲ˵ĻǵڿѧҽƳɹ֮ǰأ赲ڿռѷ֮⡣
ֻǿп޵񡣳˲˾ķ繫ڽʵʱ򣬽ҩ繫
ǣڻǽҩʽʱҩҲԣʽȴСԼʽʽȴ˵ԼƳ͵ʽ˭ţ
˵ͻᱻ߲ץ˱¶磬˭֪ʲôһѾ϶߲һԼ磬һԼ磬᲻ӰԼ
겻ܹ֤
ԣʱֻҺķ͵ҩʽҪԺ۲һʱ˵
˾¶һ˿Цݵ̹٣ҷһµܹٶһ
ʲôͲŵ۾ȷ۾Ϊ˵λٶһ
ǣЦ˵ҾǷַ֮һʱ˷̫֮ƣŻ˯˹ȥ
ʲô
ͼˣʱħڵսʮ˽⣬ȫƣܹнٶһķƽᷢĸı䡣һԵǿХҲˣ˶ھϣķʹĻֻҪһͼ
ӴЦ̹ٿЩ˰ɣ
ĸ˶˵ֻͬСװͷ
ҵķƤҩݵʱҪ̬ݣǽҩŵȻʽٶȡƺὫǱھøࡣ


24 
Һʽ
ͽ̹٣ǿХãͽ̹ʵ꣬ңǲһֱַ
ǣͷһֱûаַκˣΪҶַûаգ֪᲻иáһµʱûиáҵĻ˯Ϊ̫ˣûйϵ
ڡһͽϱȥ˵ҪϽȥ㱨꣬ЧһΪ빦
͵ͬһʧˣǿХ໥һۣǿųСʵ꣬˵ҩ˵ַ᲻Ч
һµӦЧɣһ£Ҫ׼ʹġ
ǿڡһվҴҵȥХҲܱ˵꣬ѾˣǾͲˣµټ
Ҳվ꣬Ҳˡ
ллϵصл֪ĸһֱӿŸж
˰֣ɴȥӴϲ¶˿Цﵹˮ塣ſȥҲˣҡҡͷ꿪ʼʰһʰ֮󣬳꽫һҪĶŽ磬뿪ᣬŽ״ȥ
˽״γҪһְĴӣҪ10ֻ֣ţĻ־ֻʣ8
³ûȥμӲԣȻҲû緢ŵƤҩҲûа취û֡ȻɵýҩۣҲͳһ⣬ûлȥľϵˣûȻҲͲܹͨľˡ
ʣµ8־ȥҩҲƲ˼ƿҩȡ˶ٻֻ֡ƵػصԼᡣ
Ƶؿż˺ŴӺţѾĸ߲㡣һµԤȻĸȻʲôĸı䣬ȴҲһִ£ִ¾ǵ龹ȻЧⲻЩ߲г˾ȣⴴôҲӦǽټ߰ɣһ±һԤȻˣ
ĸ߲̾500֣ҽƹ㡣
ȴָֻԭеɣ500һӣ뵽Ҳֻܹȡһ࣬˷ܵѸٵȴ
ܿ죬µµײֵˡ
ûͻƵƤڵ㣬͵͵ȥѵһ£ѾﵽʮѾڹ涨Ƥڵڰ˲
֮ؼһ£ʽ֮ӵеԭʽһ
һͨ˵Լһٹңԭʽ֮ÿɹһʽ֮󣬻50ҲǽʽȫɹﵽƤڰ˲Ҳֻٽ
ʽ֮ȴȫͬͬͨ˶ٹʽ֮ÿһ֮100ԭһʽȫɹóﵽֲ900
ǣҲʧĵطǾҩٶźܴáҲǱʽھ˳ҩֻٶȣȴڽһھǱûʲôЧ
Լľˣ㲻ڽԼȫֳڵ֪ԼܣԼʽȫɹ֮ǰܹʽй¶ȥȻû͡
ԣһҹﷴѵϵĲƿȡЭѾﵽ˰˵壬ʹҲСʱƿԼȡ
峿
վڶǰͷ˫Ŀ֮˸ڴЩѧԱǵ˫Ŀȴͷ˷֮ɫһͻƣĿҲ˾塣
ȻǵһУԼȴʮֳѾ뵽ĲΡʵֻʽʵ
ͻƵ˵۷壬ΤҲͻƵ˵㣬ֻҪһЩϾѾҺʱܾˡ
ѧԱҲ֮ǰԾʽĽȴע⵽һ⡣ƺûԼԾֻ΢˼һ¾ˣԼʹҩȻǲܹԼھԼǱ


25 
ԽǿͳȥݾһΡǿһƣХһϲɫԭǿûеõͻƣȻȥʹ˳ķڵĲ㼶ôͻƵġڵХͻƵ˵Ĳ㡣
κȲǳͣԭõ500ֽ˻ص˺ܶ㣬ȥ˳ʮ֣óʹ˰졣
֮ȥѵХǿһд裬γʵʵڵϹۿûкХд裬ԼսпƲסԼ¶Լܡ
ڵǿŵģֿŵгӭ˵߸µס
ڽ߸µĵڰͻƤڵ㣬ﵽ߰ٹǵµȻﵽ߰ʮȴûͻƵƤ߲㡣
һҹ͵͵ȥѵòϵϰƿĵʱҪϴ٣ΪЭԴﵽ˰˵ƿپʮ幫ɱ¶ԭʽ
ͻƵƤĵڶ죬ȥ˽״ϸµõʮƿŵƤҩۣȡһʮ֡ԭʣµİٰʮ˻֣Ѿӵһʮ˸֡
ʮֹʮƤҩĲϣ֮Զ໨Ƕ๺һֽǧ𻨵ĲҩǧƤҩһֲҩֻİٻֹһࡣʣһٰʮ֡
ʮݲϳƳƿƤҩĳɹѾﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮڵĲҩƵҩȻǲܹͳڵĲҩƵƤҩȣҲҪԭƤҩЧǿ
峿
ڱװƤҩѵȥ׼ڲ֮󣬾ȥҩε֣ν̹٣Ƥҩ硣һϴζϺܶĽ˲ܹڵʿܹõĻ֡
겻ɽ¶ˮĲ֮ȡʮƿҩǿХл˲档
ǿųЦƤˣܿҪ׷ĳˡ
Хûȥǿ´һ
ҡҡͷһҪȥ֣ν̹١
֣ν̹٣ųʵȥ֣ν̹ٸʲôҼǵһҩʦ㲻Ҫȥѧϰҩѧɣ
ǿƲƲҩ츳ѾܹƤҩˡʱǻǲÿ춼ҩٶôô죿
˼ų꣬һ߸¾ͻƵƤڵţһֱܹһߵԤôҩ츳ôľѵһȫţ
Це˵ҿÿ²ԵĵһÿȻʮƿҩԼƼƿҩ˵ܹÿ춼ҩҲࡣ
ǿХĬȻҲֱǶ꼶꼶ĵһټҲиԵ·ӣܹõһЩȥһЩҩҲܹÿҩ
꣬㻹ûиȥ֣̹ٸʲôʵ
ЦˣЦúءǿХо⡣ǿûк˵ʲô͸Ͻ˵ñա
͡СЦ
ƲƲ죬ⲻȥǿǽĿתХХ֪ҩ츳
Хǳ鴤һ£һ۵Ц⼸һֱоƤҩǰƳһƤҩƤҩЧԭҩ
ԭһֱЦеؿųǿɫˣԳ˽⣬֪ϲῪЦɫءХҲǵЦݣʵģ
ģҲصͷȻӱȡƿƤҩֱݸǿХҩ
˽ӹҩûд򿪣ΪǴҲʲôǿƿҩʵ
ͷΣǾƵƤҩ
е𾪣ȻǾߣҲ֪ƤҩҪԺҩļѣ˵ȥ´һ͵ҩЩˣѵһţһҩţ
үүǻΨһ񻪹ͣļʶȻ߳һүү˵ʹõҩܹȫھǱĵҩʦоһҩһܹȫھǱҩһɹսһ̨ףҲͲв
ǣڶҩʦûɵ񣬻ǰ۵Ԥ


26 ʦ
ңʱ˵ҩЧô򵥣һھǱͱ˵ɣҪΪѾƤˣ͵ƤҩͶûˣƤҩãǿƤҩ½ʽһʱڣʹǻľ磬ǵҲӡ
ⲻүү˵Ч𣿡һ¶𾪡
˵ģǿХͬʵ
֣صصͷ϶ģҽҩƵķ͸֮һõܴĽʱҾõõĽȥһЩҩΪһƤҩţѾʽˣֻǽһھƤڵǱÿжʮƿ͹ˡԭһҪƤҩʣµĻָƵǹˣҪҩҪǶˣҵĻֲֻеĽˡ
㻹ŸﰡϽ߰һȥ֣̹١
ĸ˺ܿرվ֣ν̹ٵʵҵ⣬ְ塣Ϸתһ£׼˳ĸˡȻڡꡱһԶش򿪡
ǰͷǿХͻ߹һȣƿʵҵš
ƿ֮󣬳ɫ΢΢һ㶡ʵڲֹ֣ν̹һˣһ˺һꡣʱ֣̹Ǹҵؽ̸ţǸǹһš
֣̹ٺǸ˸ûзֳһＤҵʲô
ǿХһ㶣ϳǸˡĿɨһǸɫ꣬˵ɫûʲô仯ֱӰѶԷ·˼סǲʶˣ֣ν̹ڼҵʲôòҲûгǺǿԼһӾȥ
Ǹɫ꿴ǿХͻһ˿ɫĿڳͣʱ¶˼֮ɫ϶Լʶ꣬ջĿҲ
֣ڶΪҪƤҩЧҪµĲҩֻҪӼ֣ΪҪ֣ΪҪ֡ðɣҪ֣ȷ𣿡
֣ƲƲ꣬ѵȷҪ֣
˶Ȼ˵Ѿȷֲҩֱţͷݣ󻨣ǧ𻨣½Ӣֻڻûȷǵȡ
ľһڵõƤҩҩ֮ǰһֲҩǧ𻨡û뵽λҩʦȻѾɷΧСֲҩоǧ𻨣νȻȵȷֻǶһֲҩǧ𻨣ٷȣǻ֪Ҫ¡
šǿХͻɫŹֵųꡣͣջǱˡܹܲȥλ˷״̬еˣǲҪˣǸƤҩѾƳˣ
ʱȥһСʱǿХͻĿⶼЩΣһЩһ˿ġ
֮ǺֵģЩ˳һҲֻܹǷ֮ЩֻǵһνӴȴܹΪиֵܡǿХͳȻڿжû˵ʲôȴѶԷ˿Խ󱳽Էֵܡ
ǿĵؽƣѹ˵꣬Ǹ˽˶ǻƷߵλҩʦ֮һ
ХҲ΢΢˹ѹʵ꣬ҩǲİʱ˰
Ҫ˵ʲôʱ֣κ˶ƺˣԶ豭Ȳ衣ͬʱ֣βŷ˳ĸˣЦָųĸ˶˶Ц꣬ҸĸſǸ
˶Це˵ʶ꼶ĵһǿǸǶ꼶ĵһХǸŮǼϵѧԱһλǡ
֣ιЦСӽг꣬һ꼶ĵһ꣬λҩʦ˶λСҩʦĶǡ
ĸ˼æվ˶΢΢ʩʦã
ãã˶Це˵λǸ꼶ĵһ꿡ܣҲĶӣǶཻһ¡
꣬ǿҩ漫츳ҩҲ꿡еĵһҩ츳ҲӦöཻ
ǣ̹٣
ĸǿ˼䣬˫˶Ƕ˲ţνϧԷʾ㹻𾴡


27 ֵ
֣βſʵ꣬ѵѾƤҩĳɹʴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮѧϰҩģ
˵ֽʵĿǿХͻʲôҿ֪ҩûȤ
ǿεЦ֣̹٣ǲûȤûǷ츳
ʲô
ǿɫøΣָųġ
ʱ֣̹ٲղԼʳ⣬ֵ꣬㽫Ƥҩĳɹʴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ𣿡
ǣ֣̹٣ʵصͷ
ã̫ˣ֣̹͵û뵽ֻ߸µʱʹﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮĳɹʡãҾʹڸҩ
֣̹١ֵ˳ΣҲѧҩġ
ѧ֣̹ٵһʲô
꿴˿֣̹٣ֿ˿˶һҧ֣̹٣ҽƤҩˡһƤҩĹЧƤҩܹһھǱ

곤һǰԼ˵Ŀ˵ˣҲҩʦɫòÿˡ
Ȼ˳Ļ֣̹ٺ˶ɫѿǵĿŭ
ʲô˼
һҩʦŬʮ궼ûн⣬ղ֣̹ٺ˶۵⣬ôһѧϰ߸ҩĲˣ
Լĸʲô
Լҩ̳ʲô
ֻһɻֱԼʣʱҲ̲ס꣬㲻˵λɣȷ˵ƤҩǼβƣ
ȻԼĶ˵˶û֡ҲԳѵСӣҩһŴѧʡҪģһҩʦҪĲȡ˶ٳɾͣҪһŸġ
ǿХüͷšǲԼѣʹһźܴȨ˶ҲС
Ҳ磬ʱ˵ʲôҲûáӱȡһӣװƵƤҩĬĬصݸ֣̹١
֣̹Īؽӹ˺ӣһɫһ䡣Ű˸ԹܣȻ֪װŵҩǳ˵ҩǳ֤û˵ѡ
ǣ
ô˵õѧԱܹͷ˳꣬ⲻԸ֣̹ٽӷϣӺȡһԹܡ˶˵ͬʱֳһ˿мɫ˶ǲмؿ˵֣ţ
Ҫ֣̹ؽԹϵľŵ˱Ƕһ£ɫһ䣬ءصγһƤҩԼĸоһ£Ȼ̧ͷ˳꣬ʵˣ
ţصͷ
Чҩ
ǣ
ܹһھǱ
ǣ
֣ڸʲô˶Щ˵СӵĻˣ
֣̹ٸû˶Щŵʵûиã
ûУ˵Ѿˡ
֣̹ٵɫЩԥ⻹ҪݷҪѡʵ顭
ǿХ˴վ
֣̹ٵֳ֮ɫͲ³⣿
ų꣡ǿХͬ
ֵ˶˵ɫˡǿХ˵ıɲ򵥣һ˶֣ζʮȴԸΪƤҩ䵱ʵߡ
֣˶İ˳嶯ǿǹǵĸס
ʦǿش˶Ļľûܹı䣬ҸҲС
ХȻû˵ȴصصͷˣӿŸжҩһּΪΣյ飬ȴֻΪԼ͸ҩһΡ
֣ҡͷ˵ԸҲûãѾƤˡ
֣̹٣Х˵˵ˣƤҩҲãԽһھǵǱΪѾƤڣʹƤҩЧ죬ԼʮƿҳѾӦƣ㲻ҩǻȥҲԼʹá
˵Х¶ȡ˳ڲ͸ƿƤҩѾһƿһȥ̾ͻʹá
ǿҲ̴¶ȡһƿƤҩҲУһȥ֮Ҳʹá
֣̹ٵĿǿХɨţȻ˳ꡣ국һЦɫ¶˼˵ŵֵܣ


28 
ڳ˳˼ǿХǳֵܣȻǲ˺˿겻ǿХʹƵƤҩ֤ԼƵƤҩ㹻ġ
ʱ֣̹ЩղŶԳóƤҩĸоϣȷʵһֲͬƤҩƷҪƤҩСʵܹ꣬˵һƤҩҩ֤𣿡
ͷ֪ĳ򡣾֣̹ٻ˶Ƴ͵ҩҲҪ֤ͨҲѲסڵʯ֮϶Ƥҩҩȣƹ̺ÿһγɵԭЧϸĽ⡣
֣̹٣ԭеƤҩܹаֲҩ֮ҪðֲҩΪƤҩﵽһƽ⡣ֲҩ
ʲô𣿡Ǽʵ
ֱǣ˾ˣ˾һߣҾһɡһȭҲԻһšֻ֣̹ٵĿˣҲ֣̹ټ˵ǽֲҩִεƣԣǵõںϡлգʱգҩĶԱȶȶ쳣ҪͺܻܿƳƷ
꣬ЩǶ֪ڸϿ𣿡һβ޵زԣŭ쳣
죡
ǿХͬʱȡǵüëһջû˵ʲôֻɫøӵ
ǣȴ·ûǵĻһ㣬˵ʹɹں˰ҩȴϵںϣ˵ȫ׵ںҩ
֣̹ٺһԵ˶ɫ𶯣Ѿ˵ƤҩĹؼʱѾʼų괴Ƥҩ֣̹ٻûüڣһԵ˶̲סʵƤҩĹؼֲܹҩȫ׵ںϡҵںϵķ
˶ʵúܿ겻ܹӣ˶΢Цʵʦ֣̹Ҳ뵽ˣҪԭеİֲҩӲҩ
ԣʱ˶·Ѿ˳ղŶԳۣȫѳ굱һֵͬȼҩʦ꣬һµģΪҪֲҩ֣̹ΪҪֲҩΪҪӼ֣
ǺԼĸףʱĸ׾Ȼ۵ĳƽǿХͻı߿ǰ̸Сʲô
ǣʱڳԶĸܣ֣κ˶Ŀ⾼ضųꡣǿХ¶һԺһΪԼֵܵĽעų̬꣬ŵٴ͸¶һ˿ҩʦȡ
һ֣һָ
һ֣˶֣ζ𾪵ͦһ¼Ȼ໥һۣšüë˼
͡һЦﴫ˳Ҹ׺֣ҩʦһΪҪ֣һΪҪ֣Ϊһ֣ʦ
ৣ
ǿХĿݺݵصǣⲻ֣̹ͻֱӶǶ֡ҲЩ̲סˡǵɫǿХò̫ȻŤһߣװûпǿХĿ⡣
ž֣̹ٺ˶ͻȻͬʱһӣͬ˵ǧ𻨣
Ȼ˱㶼Ŀڴ˳꣬Цŵ˵ͷ˱СѧõʦĿ϶Ц˲ֽüëšһţ֣̹˵꣬ǧҲǰֲҩŵһûЧ
˵漰ȣǧ𻨵ҩ⣬ǰֲҩȶҪ仯
ִһ֧ʣùһֽȻֽϿٵдֶӵʱ䣬±ʣֽƵ֣̹ٵĸǰ
ֽ֣̹˶ҲǷͷ֣̹еֽšһ߿һšüͷ˼šʮӵʱ䣬˲Ŷһۣɫء֣СؽֽãȻŽ˿ڴ˼ű˵꣬ҩҺʦӦа˳ɵϣɹ
֣̹٣˵һȫɹҩ
ٰ֣̹˰ֵҲǲ㣬ֻҪ֤ҪϽݡ
ǿХһδվ
֣̹ɫԥһ£յ˵ͷһԵ˶ɫһ֣
ٰ֣̹˰ֵҿӣܱԼȥĺá
˶ԣյ˵ͷ֣̹վʵڵһȥ߱˵Ǹ


29 
˶֣̹ٵĺ档֣̹ٴţ˸߽ȥǳĿӣ߷˸֣̹ٴţڿʼעˮˮע֮ÿڵһƿƤҩҩȫں֣̹֮ٻͷǿХ˵ǿХ·ˣȻȥʽ
ǣ̹٣
̺ɵؿʼ·һ죬ת˳ȥȴĵذһ⣬˶š
棬ʱǿХѾȥ·ֻһڿ㡣֣̹ٺ˶ʼӸһߣȻ󽫵ߵĶճϡЩ֣̹֮ٿ濪ʼһݣȻЩͨһߴ͵һ̨ϡ
һ֮ǿХĸݶ˵Сǿתͷ˵뵽Һʽ
ǣ̹٣
ǿХ˸Խһڣ֮㿪ʼҺʽ
ʽòܹˣһһʽʩչطǳҲûиоκʹۣϾ˵ľҪ߳Ƥڡ
ǣһֱעŸָ仯֣̹ٺ˶ȴɫһ䣬æͷеʵûиоʲôʣ
ǿХһҡͷ֣̹ٺ˶һۣĿ¶ϲɫһСʱ֣̹ǿХ˴ʧЧҩҺгתͷԳ˵꣬ǿХָ仯һЩģǲ˼顣ҩȻܹʽɹ߻ھǱáҺҪоЩָǲ
ҡͷЦ߽̹٣ҾͲˡҪȥ
ðɣ֣̹ٵͷ꣬ġҩɹˣһΪ빦
ͷʱǿХѾ·ǿ̽ͷ̽Եʵ֣̹٣ǵָˣ
ǵʵҪˡ
ǿХֳ˲õЦݣͳһ֣̹ٺ˶֮뿪ʵңųıӰĿ⸴ӡ
꣬ǿХͻĸڽͷ֣صԼֿʼйɵ
ڵڰ˸µĵʮ죬ͻʽĵʽͻƵƤڵ߲㣬ﵽ˰˰ٹЭȴﵽ˰˵ߡ
ͳƵʱ࣬ǿХڵʮŵʱϵָٷ仯֤ƤҩѾܹھǱˡ
ʮǸоԼǿˣҷһֱյƿȻɶرʵϵ͵ХоԼܹܿͻƵʽ
ҩĳɹĸ߲ʮܣرҩ硣ǲһԽ˳5000֣ƸҩܲΪ䷢һ£һƻ£֮һ֦ƬҶӵͼ
֣̹֮ٸͣҩҩʦҩʦҩʦҩʦܹ߸Ӧ߸ҩֻܹƤҩֻܹһҩʦǿǵǴһҩ㽫ƸΪҩʦ
ΪҩʦŻݵģڽ״ڹκζۡ
˼򵥶ׯصʽ֮󣬳뿪ҩܲǸ£վܲĴſſе̫һ֪Լһͬ·һжΪԼ磬綼ڵĴС
·Ž˶ݺݵسſлһȭͷŵԼȥ
꣡ͻȻǰһŭĺµˣҪٺһΡ
̧һƣЦˡԭǵǸԼܵľϵߡͣ˽Ų򲻹ң
ǺǡǸЦȡѶذֻذŵ˸㣬ͻƵˣڿԿѶذˣҽҪúõؽѵ㡣
۾΢΢ĿΧ˫ָ䲻ͣתѶذɫý
ôˣ꼥˵
һĻϵ߷شЦ
ãҴӦսĵ˵ͷ
ȥ̨Ҫ˵㣡
̨ڹٷһдһôһֻ̨֮ϳ䵱ŵĽɫĳһΣյʱԳֽ˾Ϊ˹֮д轻ܹ豣ĵطǣÿαԵ˫Ҫʮ֡
Ȼ˽̨ȴûȥ


30 ̨֮ս
һ꼶һﵽƤĳҪͶϵҪ̨սϢܿ紫ˡ
˵ѧԱӿ̨һЩǰ߻ϱҲ̨Ͼһ߸µʱͻƵƤţҶսĻһߣúܶ˶ŨȤ
ڵľߺȫӪߵĵλҪ߸ߺܶ࣬ǵĹҲȴη壬ԴྫϵΪԼǸ߹ģ߾һȺֱǿߵġ߶ھϵߵĹ۵ʮָӣĽҲŸ淴˫Ӫ˴֮жս
߶Ծϵη壬ϵŲм˫ԼսĻԼսҲʧܶգ˫Ķսӵϡ
ǣⳡսͬһܹһϵߣϵͻƵ֮ǰô᲻˵ע⣿
꼶һǿˣ
꼶һХˣ
ϵѧԱһֻˣ
ҩϵһˣ
һЩϱˣ
һЩξټҲˣ
ѧԱ;ϵӿ˽
ڿ̨ϵһһϱЦŶһһ̺۵ϱ˵û뵽ȥǰһ꣬Ӣ۰ǵһϲ
Ӣ۰һ׾̨϶սÿһ˵һ֣ʧŶһ֡
׾㼶͵Ĳ㼶ʿһ֮Ϊڶξټһ֮ΪξʡУټһ֮ΪУۡ
ǳڵģÿ綼ĵһŽڵĻ֣Եõһǧ֣ξÿõǧ֣Уǵõǧ֡
ǺǡЦ˵ıδܹõˡ
ôڲʵ
ҿҪͻƵξټˣǸʱȻͻȡʿĳɼ
ϲĽ˵
̨ĳܸȤ˵˵Сֻ߸µʱͻƵƤ㡣ϣܹͻƵͨڣҳΪξ֮ǰһ֡
Цˣĵȼ̫࣬ھֻ£ôܴﵽͨڣпսʤǸϵ𣿡
߿ɲߡ˵ʵҶɵôӮһʱȻϵߵĵȼܹߵĵȼԱȣһľϵߵսѾ൱ڣֻһƤڣôӮģ
˵ӲöԷһذ˶ԷԷ
ţϵߵĿֲԶǵĽսϴӦǸˣѾ׼ͻƵ˶ոͻƵҲڵսӮҪǸݺݵŰһˡģһϵ˾Ͳˬ
ʱѾվ̨֮ϣĿŶذ˫ʮָطţۻҡ
ԤǸǱǲеĸֺ
ԼҪӭУԺȴֻһ̫ȭ
ʼ
еһ䣬ϴʧܵĽѵ˫ŵأˣѸ˺ͳ֮ľ룬ͬʱ˫֮ϵĶذԾԾԣ·ֻʱܹյų꼱ٳ
Լ㣬ǾǽսһóӽԼԼͻἫΣաϴεĽѵĿ
ϵߵƾԶ빥ֻҪԼһֱͶԷ־룬ԷǴ׵ĸ
ԼܹʹѶذҪһӽԼ޿ܡ
ҪԷᣬҪöԷӽԼԼԷ׷̨ܣѿֻҪܹӮֻҪܹԷȻŰҪڴ֮ͥ°
ԺͷӿţѾͳһٶ׵ľ룬ΪѾǳȫˣס˽ŲһֱĿ¶һ˿ֳ֣ΪʲôһʼͱƼ˵ѾֹһΣӦ֪ϵߵƺư
ȭݺݵϣߵǸСɵɵվŸʲô֪ҪͶԷ̾𣿡
Ҳ΢΢üͷ䶨ˣѾûзˡ
ɳڵվ̫ȭȭʡ
ڲɣ
ԲôɣǾ߶ȵؼУڽ˴ʱһֺںϵơϲһʱ֮㴦״̬֮Уȫ˺ͶԷ̾롣


31 ŵս
ųＫɳڵվţӿһŭһ
ಡ
Ǳذͬһڿռ仮ĳꡣ
һԾż̨֮㣬̫ȭϲŶȥڰһӯܿԷĶذһعǱذӳӹڿųĺļ䡣
űذƿյٴչϲǣֻһϢʱѾ֮ľ˾ʮ֮ڡ
һϴαܵѾӰһһ֧ذХųӭ漤ȥ
ذڿͬ⣬ڿн֯һĻߣؽ֯һ˵Ұоâ
ڵУʹҴͬһֻӯĴذǲ֮شӳԱӹû˵ֺֽһ˺֮ľ롣
˼飡һսϿξϵ֣߳Ҳ˼ԼԾߵʱҪζԵУôҲû뵽꽡ٵ̫ȭܾϵߵĹڿٵؽӽԷ
ĿٱƽеӰڷŴ󣬹˲ϱԼľȻԼľ۷״̬ذ·ɣͬʱҲںˣٴκͳ롣
˵ÿ죬ǰø졣Ҵʹøһ⣬ͬʱƤ߲ʵȫչ
ҽغݺݵص̨֮ϣ˰ٹȫ˳ʵʵѾԶԶسƤڣѾ൱һ㡣ٶȻһ̫ȭʽŮٳ
ҿ۾һŮ󣿼ֱڵŰ
˫ÿŵضҵ죬˰ٹϵ·Ϊٳ졣
۾һڵһĳꡣ

Լľ˼ޣѶذڿзеٶȸӵؿ٣˺ƿü
ϵߵԭͲߣҲʱѾ˵̨ıԵʸԱ߿ƶ˦ꡣһҧֻкͳƴˣѶذ˫ľڲϵؽӽѶذعٶȸӵؿ١
ಡಡಡಡ
˶̵ľóȫܿԷĹϵ·ٵи·ƬڿƮЩطѾ˼⣬Ѫ
ʱ˫ľѾӽңѶذͬ˫ˮų˫˹һʽƽƣ̶Ұס
˫һȻڵʯ֮ץסѶذѶذٶ̫ˣûо׼ץסذذץذ֮ϡ˫ֶʱиӣѪӿ˳
¶һ˿ЦȻԼ˫ذץסһϵߵϴͲȱ̷˶Գ˫֮еѶذĿƣһĨһѶذС
ʱ˫ľѾףͲþƣŶذų˹ȥ
ת۽ŷ֣սű֣ϲȭбһʽ̫ȭбһ̳Ķذ˶ԷĻصײؿϡӱصײˣڿлһĻߣˤڵϡ
궪еѶذ¶һ˿˼ԼЭԻǲãԼȫܿԷĶذԼˡ
ԼҪʵԼʵǿʵõı䣬ԼЭԾͻõߣʱԼսһߡ
ﻹԹԼЭԣ̨ϵЩ˶ɵˡ
ôܣ
һƤڵֿ߳ȭսʤһϵߣһƤڵ
̫ˬˣػһȭͷ
̨ҵЩ߷ģЩϵȻϵɫΣ̨֮ϵĳ꣬Ҳ¶һ˿塣
һӰ̨վ˳ǰ˵꣬Ǵһô
תͷһֳһ˿죬̨ľȻҩϵĵһǡ
̨һηˣһ꼶ĵһŶҩϵĵһš
粢ǺܳΪմ֪ȷʵࡣֻΪͻƣսʤһϵߵ
ǲͬѾ꣬Ȼ޵ҩϵѾΪҩʦҲǲҲﵽƤڰ˲㣬ֻһ˿ͻƵڡ


32 У
кЩҩ츳Ϊ˽ֵܶ˶Ԥʮ֮ǰ϶Ϊһҩʦ
ĸҪҩһҩ츳ôûôܲܵ׷ԣǵȷʵܴȻΪǼеʱ;ѧϰҩϣٳڹǰⲻĳ
ԣżȻĹָǵʱϯһƬȻ
ǶԳһֱܲرǸڼͳʱΪ˹ʺˣŪ͵Ƥҩһոս߸µˣһոսӴҩ߸µˣôܴ³һҩ
˵ҪսۿڳͷһƤҪһϵ߶սⲻŰ
ǽȴȫ⣬ΧĻǵܲڼŸ׶Գ̾ҩϵʦԳı˶ԳĻڿƲסԼˡ
һƤһƤ˲أ
̨ˣ
Ҫ̨֮ϻܳ꣬ţΪƤ˲㣬ֻƤ㡣Ȼ֪ǰЩѾͻƵƤ߲㣬ҳƤ߲Ѿ൱ڵһ㡣
Ŀ¶ĳ꣬ǵӹһ˿Цôˣң
˵ֻȻ´ų˵ˡҪУˣ˸㣬ҿƤ˲㡣ȻҲԾܾҶսûʲôܹӮң͸ʮƿҩ
ǵϳرֳһӣͦأ˫ָ󣬵ųꡣ
ЦˣЦ÷ǳ⡣Сһ٣Ȼˣ۸һƤ˲ǻû˿⡣ǵ˵ͷҺ򣡡

̨֮һһҲһ㶣ĿⲻԼͬ˹ȥǿЦеشӿ̨վûȤҶԶһѣׯҶĳ֮ڽǸʲôǻܣĶעҶӡ
סˣǶʶǿͬʱҲжڳʤȻƤ˲㣬ǻڳʤлǾЩˡ
ǿ˵úףֻܶԶģֻǳĬһ˲ǿԶģűֺܶǿԶģϾóлЩ˼顣
ǲһҩţҲһƤ˲ĸ֣һҩôȱҩҩֵ֧ʵô
̨֮ϵĳεվǵֳ˼ȵķŭǿȻȻڳ֮ھͻ
ӮһҪӮ
Ҫǿڿ㶼ס
ҧгݡ
ܿ죬ǿǧٰʮֵĶעȻ̨֮ϵĳ꺰꣬һҪ֮ڴǸСӣҷָһ֡
ʱкܶӿ
һ꼶һոսʤϵߵĳҩϵһţƤ˲ǡ
Ҫ꼶ߵһǿȻĳлǣⲻɲν㹻
̨ǸһֱƤǿԶ粢ԣȵǿ˶ļ֮̌ƤӵغԤ
̨ϵĹڶСţ˵γ᲻ỹ꽡̫ȭսǣ
ʼһ£˵һߡ
˳Ծǣ˶ûжֻǱ˴˵ŶԷ
Լʲôܹ֮ڻǣȻǿˣͲܹԼֵ䡣
Ҳ˼Լʲôܳꣿ֮ڻܳ꣬ǿһĶ⡣
ڳ꽡ٰ̫ȭҲŻ٣һܹɽܹܹȥߣʽѻܶԷȻΪңܹƤѧһЩ似Ҳʲô似Ͼ似ҪһЩһƤܹġ
Ȼ۾һԼƤ˲㣬İپʮأ
ֻһƤߣӵе಻ᳬİٹ
ԼϾԵѹƳꡣҪ跨óԼۿתת˵꣬ǿ֮ڻǲֱһ㣬ҶƴȭΣ
۾һɵ̵ͷ
Ǿɣ
ǵһ˿˷ܣ̨һ£һŵ̨ϣȻǰ壬ͬʱһȭǰȭ绢ݶ׺ݣ͹Ĺǽͬͻݡ


33 һ
̤ǰһϲڱۣתȭȭˮʹ̫ȭеһʽ乭仢
ء
ľ˳ȭƷӵ˰ٹİپʮǶԷĶ
ꡫ
Ĺ֮ǵͬһײһ㣬ǰȻͣ٣̶ź浹˳ȥȻ岻ܿƵˤڵϡ
һУ
ֻһУǵֱ۹Ǿ۶ˣصˤ̨֮ϡ̨ұѾشࡣ
ˣ국˵ȻҲһ̨ۣſ̨ǿλȥ
һƬžš
Ȼ䣬һƬ
һУôܣƤôһлƤ˲ǣ
ǰһֱӻܣ
ʱѾߵǿǰǿЦŸ˳ǰһȭˬ
ХҲǰ˳ǰһȭ񫣡
꣬һȥתһ֡
ͷûʲôġʱ򣬱һǰɣ
ͷȥһʮϱվȻûпԵɢƣŨصɱó̸оõĿһоǿХǰһͳ겢䱸Ǹϱ
ǸϱЦЦҪţûж⣬ֻǷǳ㣬ġ
ԷĿȴû˿Ķ⣬еĽ䱸ʱԵǿһ˿ս֪㣬Ǳ
ƺİʱŸоϱ죬ɲǸ
ʱҲǿеս⣬ЦŰڰֵûлҽˣʵ̫ˡҾҪͻƵͨˡ
ǿĿ¶һ˿ʧ䣬˲սⰺ˵ڱûлսһڽξʰս㡣
ҵ㣡ЦȻתʵһβμӱս
ãȻؿһԵǿХμӱսˣ
ǿХͷ˵꣬ӦýսȥҪ֪ǿˣʹʵǿˡսϲǿǿսǡǡܹսҳΪȱһǧֵĽÿһֵõһֶʵʵڵģΪɳΣҲһ͸㡣Ҳ˵һȥ
š磬ڶٻ֣
ңǧٰ߰ʮ֡Ȼ˵
ЩʵŴ磬ѵھǧˣ
ȻǣЦ˵ȱֻʿ߿ԲμӣҲ֮ͨµߡΣܹʤ߲࣬Ҳһͼһ֣ме߻ֶʤġ
Ŷˣͷ漴ʵսĶǲҲҪ󣿡
ȻʧЦרȥһЩƤһսǻܿˢ˵һģÿ²ԵʵΪ׼ֻܹսʵͬߣʵǿĶ֡սÿεƵģֻӮһλѾӮһλͬһ֮󣬾ͲսߣֻܹսһߡƤ㣬ӮһλƤߣֻܹȥսƤ߲ߡǣ㱻սʱȴƣƤһսҲԽܣӮĳɼȻҲԾܾҪ˼ѾʤҲӵ֣ԶϻĿϡ
һԵǿĳļȥһ䣬»кܶսѡʼĶսˡ
ǺǣҿҪȥ
ųֳϣܹξʰ̨Ϻսһ
Ҳֺյһ˵ҲȺܾá
ˣ
һƤ߾ȻɷһߺһƤ˲۷ߣҪѡ
ֳڳصסֳ֮֮γɵ
̳ϳŶۣս¼񡣳һ̳ϵۣһЦ֮ǶԼս¼ȴ˶Σеõ˲ٵ
䱻żˣȫսšʾżȻﵽٷ⡣֪ⲢǴֻٷսţֻܹٷżֻҪԼɾһЩ̾ͻµսų֡


34 ׬
ؿһٷսţ֮󲻽ЦáٷսﾹȻƤһս֪ΪԼ֮ǰķǳ͵û֪ԼѸٳȻкܶ˲ԼǱԼ˺ܶ࣬ǿԼսȻлԼ
ͺñһ˵˳ֿȭһֻϻʱ֮ԱǣԼϻὫϻǣҰһֻϻʱ򣬿»ŵƨ
Ҳ鿴һЩ˵֣ûһԼʶ˵ЩûһԼѧԱǾ͸Ƕ꼶꼶ѧԱǲܲƤһʵһ£Щ˺ܾ̭ܿѧԱڵĹˣһЩͻǳСͳڵˣҲΪ̫СԵʣûǿʼܹٷѵͨĸĴڣõͻơ
ر˵ԣǲҪȥսڵõսͬʱܹ֡ǣΪʱҪ黹ǾԼʵ
ʱѾ磬ȥ˽״ǧ˰ʮ̨֣֮ӮѾĿϣǿѾѶľֵһֻĿϡ˾ʮŸֹʮƤҩҩģֻ˶ٸֹ˶ʮ׼򵥵ҩġϻʣǧʮһ֡
ص֮㿪ʼҩڶҩѾǳϤˡһƿƿƣǽʮһĲŲ̋ϡ̨๺һЩҩе
˻ƻʱ֣ѾùͨҩƳ˶ʮ߷ҩЩҩ׼͸ģԺÿ͸һЩ֤ÿ춼ܹһƿ
ÿ»ַѧԱƿҩƾʵÿһõƿҩĽʮƿÿ¸ʮƿʣµƿ۸״
ڽ״͵ƤҩѾ̭ˣתṩ͵Ƥҩ͵ƤҩĳۼѾ˶ʮ֣չҲʮ֡꽫ƿƤҩ۸״Ҳܹһ֣ȫ֮ǰҩĻ׬ʣ֡
ЩҩֿʼԼҩԼҩĲҩ硣ǲҩֻҩһ¶ʮأΪͲҩԴ
ֻСʱʱ䣬ƳʮƿƷƤҩȻ󽫸ְעˮֽһƿҩְڣȫں֮󣬳ֿʼ
Сʱ֮󣬳ڴϱ۾˼Žķ
ǿХĿе֪ΣԽԽˡʱ򲻽ҪԼΪҪԼսʵսΪۺϡԣǾҪȥ̨һѸԼսһ滹׬֡
𿴳òкܶĻ֣ʵࡣϿ˺ܶװЩװҪֵܶġЩװļ۸ӵеĻ־ǸЦ
ȥڴǰߣֻᷢͨװҪ䱸õװҪԼ򣬶ЩװǮûõģһжҪ֡
ȥ̨׬ȡֺսĿճҪ°ˡ
ʱȥ̨ս֮ܽһ̨֮սľ̫ȭȻһСʱҩʣʱһ·ḻԼ˽⡣Ͻҩ֮ʽ
Լܴʲôսأ
귭Ӵ˵ԵĸǰԿ򿪵Լ䣬ЩսԼϵϣ˳˼
ƵģһֻܹӮһٳ֮ͱһսǱˢӮȡ֡
ʮ˷ݵƤһսţЦˡɲԼȥսǣ̨ĹǲġǹȴΪ͵սΪߵġһսԼǸԼˢĻᰡҪǲġ
̿ʼɾһЩʵߵսɾٷͻӿٷ⣬ɼж˶ڳո¶ͷ߲Żֻܳл˳꣬Ǿͼӵ֤ǱȶϵǿҩϵƤ˲ǿǶôջ󰡡
ֻɾ˲һӵʱ䣬ӿս˶ʮƤһߡȻһٸƤڵһߵ½Լǩҳ棬һٸƤһǩ̨սĺԼ


35 
ܵĹǩ̨սԼϻʱƣ֮սΪһԭܹμ̨սҪ˫֡ԣһٸƤһһͳǩ˺ԼĻ־׬ˡ
ر˵ԣڴϺܿ˯ֻ˯ж¶˽ԪصЦݡ
һıڣǴԼķ
ôܣôܣƤôܻңһУѵͻˣҲ԰ѵⲻһµʱܹƤͻƵƤڰ˲㣬ǣȷʵǳǿ󡣡
ǵ˫âƵһֱѹΪҪιһЩǵͻƵʱˡ꣬ͻƵڣҪںһ
٣үȥһ˳ſڡ
ĬĬ˵ͷʾԼ֪վŷȥ߹ǸԵʱͻȻʵ壬˺ˣצִҰɡ
ɫ΢һµã
צһַǳǿĹ似ԺлԼצ̨֮ϺŰĳ棬ǲֳһ˿Ц
ڶһѾԤǫ֮̃ϡ׼ʮƤһߣʵҪʮƤһߣͿӻһܿͻ̨֮ս
ǣ겻ҪôҪԼʵֵ̫ǿҪֳ΢һЩΪڻһٸս֮󣬻Ƥڶսˢ׬ȡ֡ԼɾؽһٸԼսƤһ߻ܣЩͼ߻̴ս뷨
ÿӻһˣһҪֳ΢Щͼϣǣ֪ǣɾЩ߼սţֻһЩͼսţѾϵĳЦһƬ
Щûǵ߶Ϊǳ˹ʺˣ֪ʲôԭȡʤϳΪʲôеĸ߼սŶɾˣֻƤһ㵽սţһֻƤһߵս
ˣҽܸ߼ߵս
Ȼ̨սϢǹģҲ֪Ҫ̨ϽսһֵͼսҲȷʵûʲôÿģΪǶԳĲмһԭ綼ѧԱѧϰʱ򣬾ЩϱҲѡûʲôڡ
ȴǶĹ۵㣬ҲûйڣɰԼļƻƽÿӻһ֡ЩҲȷʵͬϵһһЩӾһЩˡСӦţʹһˣֻڽǰȫػ̨ˢ׬ֿԣ˾Ͳˡ
ʤ
ڷǳĵغ˵һģһĻ뿪ʮôƤһߣһĵҲûʲô˲ҲӣֻҪͻƤڶ㣬һܹ
Ǹеؿһʮˣ̨߱ߴĳһ仰һɵ񣡡
صԼᣬ̿ʼܽʮ̨սľ飬ʮ̨֮ս궼ǽԼѹƤһϺͶԷսõĶ̫ȭ̫ȭ˽һ
ʵǳ꽫ԼѹƤһ㣬Ҳ۸ЩˡΪѹƵֻܹǹڷûѹƵġʮƤһ߶ĹЧ
ܽ˾飬аԼһ̫ȭȻһСʱҩһ̳̳ϵŹԼӡ
սʤƤһߣ
꼻һ֣ʧĳ꣡
ǳʵ𣿡
ڳˢ񣡡
ָӳֺ̳ǺǵؽԹرգʼԼһһ񣬾ҩҺʽ
ڶ졣
ֽʮƤһ߻ܣܹһٻ֣ĻѾﵽǧʮһ֡
ϣϺһٸƤڶǩսԼֽŶʵţܿ͵˵ڰ˸µµףʱѾٸߣܹ׬ȡٸ֣ϵĻѾﵽ˰ǧʮһ֡ѾһٸƤǩ̨սĺԼǴ쿪ʼҪμµײԼǿХ˾һۡ
ֻڵʮͻƵƤ߲֮󣬳ûٻͻƣȻһֱڽԼͻƵƤڰ˲㻹һξ롣
ȻڲԵʱ¶һƤ߲øͽ̹쳣˷ܣһ߾Ȼڰ˸ͻƵƤ߲㣬ֱһ漣


36 
ڲ֮󣬳꽫סһȥǿХȥȻǷǳ˵شӦ
ǣֵǣſڵʱ򣬾ȻûпǿХ
ãȻվڴſĴŵһȴ˻
ǿХˣȥɣ롣
Ȼܾܾ˲£Ȳʵ
ɣ
ֻ΢һ£ͷǿХأûгʲô¶ɣ
ܹʲô¶ƲƲХѾͻƵڵˣǿܵХĴ̼ԼȥˣĲͻڰ˲㲻
ǡХͻ˰ɣȥˣ
˳һۣŮŮֻǰһۣȴ׳˷֣ѳ궼һ¡
ͻƵ̫죬ХоѹҲԼ
پһԵȴĽųꡣ
һܹǿХƵñչصĺ˰
꣬ҩ츳ųꡣ
˼һ£ͷǡ
ǡָϣʵƳҩ𣿡
һ£ЦС㣬ҵھͻҩ̨ܹҩƤҩ
СԴܶҩϣڸһȽʵңܹƳϵҩ𣿡
Żʵûиϵҩ𣿡
ҡͷûУϵԭͺأûһȽϵͳ͸˵ϵҩˡ
ͷֻһҩѧߣָ߼˵ĶӦʦ֣̹оĿ⡣
̾һǶоʮˣûҵ
˵ŵĿų˵Ҿһҩţʦ֣̹ٶƤҩҲо˼ʮȴûʲôɹأֻ˸£˸㻹ҪϣʹҲƤҩ˳һԴȽʵңҲܹϵҩƳ
һ뵽ԼȫͶ뵽ҩоУԴʹˡ̿ɲǳΪһҩʦǳΪһǿߣ̽Դҡ˹Ƶ˵ĲУҲûʱȥҪȥˡ
䣬վȥ̨֮߳˲ݣ֮ŽֵԼȥ
͸ݵĴųıӰҧгݵţһ񡣡
ͻȻһһξӽֵĶų˹ȥ·ҲʶǸξ˽̸˼䣬Ǹξȥ
ʲôʱʶһξˣѵҲʲôˣһոյ˸µôΪ˿죬ƳҩҵҪʲôܡ
վҴҵ뿪˲ݡ
ںܸˣΪżΰξǸӲӴˡֻЩĪżΰξģƺרԼġ
ξôˣ
ַϣѪˣżΰ΢Ц˵
Ǵҡ
ȥһˣһδаˣһԸı˵ˡ
˵żΰתͷų˵꣬żȻһǰЧλǰĻżȻᵽ㣬ҸҴʱ˵Ҫһ档
΢΢üͷʵλǰ˭
ǽ壡
һСӺӰ崩Źӱ˫־վĶ⶯˶ı˽Ų
żΰźӱߣǸߴıӰֻһӰ͸ܴѹǲһӰ·һɽ
תżΰ¶Ц⣬Ŀżΰĳ꣬һ˿â漴۵ס
żΰС˼ĸǰһ񣺡壡
ص˵ͷĿ˳ꡣ꺩ЦЦҲ徴һ
¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ǳꣿ
ǣ
һ꼶һƳƤҩĳꣿ
ǣ
ô˵үľඣ
үʲôүɫһ㶣ĵȴһֲĸо
ǣҵүүҩţΪҩģޱȣĴֱܹ˵ģ㾹ȻҴү֣


37 ϵĸо
ɫȻģ
岻мҡͷСүôϣֻүΪٴδӮ㣬ڽоҩʱ䶼ϣҲү
͡ӹһ˿㲻˵ǼүСΪʲôҪоҩʱ仨Ҫң
㡭âƵɫȻѵƣóȻоԼ·һɽѹסһ㣬оѡ
꣬ھߣȥүһῼǷŹ㡣
Ŀѣϵʹڸǲסڲ־
꣡һԵżΰ˵ҵܹģúȥٹǡ
ǳ鴤һ£żΰĿñ䣺㽫Ҵʲôô
żΰɫһ̶ͨ졣
Ǻǡ嵭ЦˣЦͬһشڳ࣬ѪҴӦΰ͸һЩҩҩң֪жԸΪЧԻȡҩֻ꣬һֻϣȥү¹ǸǸᣬ㲻Ҫ
ǻҲϡһ߰ӳӰӺӱߵС˳һֱߵ˳ߺ
һ˿ɫȻƣ¶һ˿Ц⣺ԭǻҵСţ⾫ϵ˲ãȻܹҵĸ֪
л佱˵
ǻҵˣɫࡣ
޹أɫɵתʱ¶˲õЦݣ磬߰ɣ
䱸һȥֱ˽С֣ųһתŻ˳ּСȥ
òôţҶֵġ˵
ĬȻԣܹΪ˵ʵΪʵıʵˡ
ЩʧڻĶ棬ֻصǼҲݡϴЦ⣬װ׵Сڳǰţɵˣ
¶һ˿ƣӿɳϣֳԳԭϵζ
ǰͷʲô磬ʵͱʮҪûֻܹϡ
ͷϵɫָ˼֣лл㡣
ֻǿͷллǰ㣬ǳԵضų꣬޳ĲǰţóͻȻһһڵĳ嶯
ɬһҺƿĿε˵Ϊǿҵ룬Ҳܽеʱ;Ϊҩϡ
˻ȥɳϣǲ˵˵ʲôҪѽҪܾô
ԴԻľûа취ֲܹ˵ػΪǿΪղŻΪΧֻСĵķݶ
ûᣬԸذ㡣ǣȴҺΪѣҵ
ۿתתͻȻٴǰ㣬գŴ۾˵硭
𣡡æ˫ֵƺҡ
תתѵϲҽ磿
ˣһܵģԸʲôͽʲôɣ
磬ŮѣϲΪƾϵҩ
ɳĴһ£ǿûг֣γһؿų궫ŪҲСʵڿʲô
ڿǿû
ûѽգãĴ۾
˵С㣬ˡǿ𣿡
һ㶵˭˵ģ
⻹˭˵ÿ׳һĿ⿴ŻǸ˾ܹóȥХǲǺһо
͡СЦû֦ҲֹסЦǿδĽ
δĽ򣿡
ǰ
㻹и㣿
ţ
ͷǲǿһΪ
У߷߲ƽ˵Ϊǿ绨ģҽ㲻ģҶôһŮߣĸŮ˸ҿ
һͷٲǺʵʲôģΪʲôǿ
ֳһ˿ҽǱǿʸ߶ˣǿ绹һѧԺȥѾڵʵˣǰߣȻܹǿˡ


38 
¶֮ͬɫǿÿ
գԻʵΪʲôô˵
˫һ̯򲻹ţٲ񰡣
УһСֵûá
һͦԣ˵ûҪΪǿߣͲܹоҩˡ
㡭üҸŮҲϣ
֪˻ǿŮѣ࣬˵ֻŮѰ
Сȭͷвصųѵ㻹ҳΪ֮Ÿҩ
ۡһڲˮ˳ĻʵǱ뺷εֻͶֻܹӦֻ࣬ڻһҩ֪ʶ֮󣬻᳢ƸϵҩǱڱ֤ҳʱ֮ࡣ
˫豭һڲ裬ǾɣҪҪǻҾһң
ˣлл㣬ҵ黹Լ
ͷ¶һ˿͵Ŀ⡣ʵ˵˵㡣
˵˵ңԻʵ
ţͷ˵˵ʲôҡû˵
ЦŻĥˣûбҸĸǺƽİաڲб֣Ȼ͸͵
ôᴴҺķôƳ͵ҩЩбݵ˶û¡
Ҳ츳ɣ
ƲƲ죬̶ֺʵ˵˵ôҺķôƳƤҩģ
ЦҲûʲô˵ģҺ뷨ͻȻȷģȻȥˡƳƤҩô˵أҲһĸоɡĸоӦþͽ츳ɣ
꿴Ż͵͵ƲģзЦھϵҲʮֵغ棺ǾϵôģηԼӵоϵ츳ģ
΢΢üͷ粢ûһľϵ׶Ρ˵ûһƷľϵӵеֻǵ͵ȼηԼӵоϵǱʣȻһֲֶΣȻҲͨڤԼûǱʡ
ڤ룿
ǣ˵ڤǡ
ʼϸؽڤ;ϵߵһЩ飬עŶŮҲϵԭɣԭ;һָ߹
ˣǿˣʵ
Ȼˣϵһ硣̾
üѵҳѿ
ѿ˵
ֻǲѿ
Ǿ
Ϊʲôˣǿˣͱˡ
ǡǿˡֻ
ǸղΪʲô˵ˣ
ŶΪˣԸղŲ˵ˡ
ԭˣ˰Сֵ˵
ˣЩڴ˵ǲиڣ
ţͷֻҪͻƵڣͿԻȥȼ١Ȼ˵ͻƵڲ⡣ôˣ
ţͷҸĸᵣҵģ겻ѶҲ֪ӻҸĸһʲôĽͣҸĸᵣˡ
˵̧ͷŻѵ㲻ĸĸ𣿡
ؿų꣬һŲӢȴǷʾԸļ㡣˫ȴóǻۡûЩʧ
ιֵǰ˰ֵ˵𣿡
Ȼˣһ˿ҵҲҸĸΪʱܹȥ
㡭ܹʱȥΪʲôʵ
ĬһЩС˵Ϊҵļ壬粻õһй¶ܡ
ŶЩˬǱԭඣ
Ҫôףվߣҹ֡
֣Ҳнֹ䣿𾪵ʵ
͡ЦǹլģﵱȻˣеﶼСҲҪҲʿûͻƵĹˣǲ뿪ģʮǶɼӣȻҪʩˣûʲô𡣡
ŶŶӦţ˽֮ͻ߳˲ݡ
²ųֱۣ겻Ȼضһ£һ۵ô䲻㣿
¶һ˿ЦֻɻԼֱۣ˵Ҳܹȥ֣ҡҪȥ
קųֱ۱ǰ߱˵㶼˸ˣһֱլɣ챾С͵һѵΣһķ⡣
ǡðɣҲԼӦöһ˽⣬յͷӦ
Ͷ˵ųֱ²ȥ


39 ̳
ֻص˹еÿޣܽᾭ̫ȭҩҺʽ
֪꣬Хǿ˽˾һһլ˵ľǣƺԳȤȴµûȥųꡣֻÿĿ̨ϣۿսżҲ귢ʺһ¡
һѾսƤ͵߲һٸǴƤһ㿪ʼʤڣʤ߰ٳ׬߰ٸ֣ҲһЩɱľ飬̫ȭ˽һ
ĳˣտʼ˶Բų֮ԱǣΪǽ˶Ĳ˽ˢ֣˸ߵȼıȶ֮ʱͻúܲҡ
ǣһ·ʤƤ߲ߣûĶ֣е߶֮ͣԱǱڴʱѾûսˡΪʱ깫ĵȼƤ߲㣬ѾһٳƤ߲ߣûʸٽƤ߲һµսˡ
ֵ˳սˣΪ񣬾ͱƤڰ˲ߣƤڰ˲ǲܹƤ߲սġԣе߶ڴ᲻Ƥڰ˲Խս
ҪʼսƤڰ˲ˣ
ڵԵĸǰ½ҳʼԼսһƤڰ˲ߡ
ϵ߷ˣ̳ϵӲ
ʤ꿪ʼսƤڰ˲㡣
ˢ߳꿪ʼԽս
ǷܹʤĿԴ
Ŀڳǰ

꽫սƤڰ˲ߵĵһսŵ˺죬ΪĵھŸµһ죬ҪμӲԡ
ûͻƵƤڵڰ˲㣬һֱͻƺܿЩƣҲоͻѾܽˣҲ⼸졣
ԵĽԼԼʵƤ߲۷ϡ
ֻг꣬ͻˡǿûͻƵڰ˲㣬ХҲûͻƵ㡣լţµײԶûвμӡ
ߺŲĥԼǲǽʽǿХҲʽƤһߣܹͻơ
ѾԼͻƵʽ֮ͽ͵ʽ磬ֻĶ겢ʮϧʯŸӸѧҪֻѧܹʿʵ赲Լĸͨһ͵
ôˣͻƤڰʽȽʽХǿȻڴڸ硣
ڶ졣
硣
վ̨֮ϣĶһƤڰ˲ߡ̨ŻֻСֽ߬һЩšϾԽսȻܹƤڰ˲ǣǺܿˡѾ߰ٳû˻ڶ⡣
ǣսһʼͷˣ˵ľ˲жϳѾȫѹ˶֡ϣ似ϡ
ƤڵֻҪʽǲ似ġͨƤڵĲ沿ѧϰľȭЩѧһЩ似Ƥϱȶ
ǳ겻̫ͬȭѾһε򣬶һֱ̫ȭս߰ٳ߰ٳĻŷɿؽ
һʼͰѶԷȫѹƣ似⻹ǳԼֱӽԷɱѹԼһǲ뱩¶ԼʵʵһΪ̫С
ǣʹҲֻʮоͰѶԷƤ˲߶ɲѹ̫̫СֻսҲﵽԼļޡ
ڻ˵һ֮սڶ֣ͣսڴﵽԼļޡ
һս˶ʮʤ˶ʮŽսһ˿Ҫȥһ¡
̨ϣ趯һСȭͷųʧıӰ˸Сǡ
صĵϾҺʽʱ˳ȻͻʽĵڰʽﵽƤڰ˲㡣ﵽ˾ŰٹЭȴﵽ˰˵ˡ
ÿսʮƤڰ˲ߣֻǸӵɡ˵ڱȶ˵
ܹʱ䣬ʤһٳƤڰ˲ߡ
꽫ĿڵһߡҲŹڳӡ
꣡Ƥڵһˣ
սȥ𣿡
ڴսڣд񻰣
꣬εʿ


40 
ɫһ㶣㿪ˡ꣬εʿӣдţ꣬һεʿﲻ˵вмڼżȵĲȱͬѧԱѾŸˣûϹ½տγ̣Ϊڸּܷ漸һзϣǼƸֳɻʹøǹеڣ׾ӵĿЦʵĵһʿһϸʿѵսȫƾȭͷ𣿡
ЦЦر˵ԡûмսڵһߣߴﵽڵһ˲䣬ӵе֮ᷭǰʽʽͻƵƤڰ˲ʱӵеٹǣͻڵһ˲ͻﵽһǧԺÿͻһһٹ
ֻоŰٹһһٹڵǿ似ˣڳ˵ơϿһʱڵս¼񣬴Ħһ˵
ѾͻƵƤڰ˲ˣн˵ԼʽʽϵµʽҪڵһʱ佫ʽڸǿХ
ͳֱֻǿХ㷢һţ˵ڲݼ档룬ָһţĥԼ֪һԼ쭡
ڶ죬ʮְ˵㣬˲ݡ
ְ˵㣬ȵ֮Хǿǻ
ĸһ£ǿЦ˵ôǶףʤ˰ٳ
һ㶵㲻լô֪ҵ飿
ǿؿ˳һ۵ҿòã˵㲻Ҫôͺòã֪֪ҵѹܴҵڻͻƣȫҵѹ̫Ҫ𡣡
ôûͻƣЦʵ
ǿ˳һ۵ΪڻǸƤڵĵͲôͻƣѾˡ
ʧЦȥǿĿתХôûͻƵڵ㣿
ХЩʧҡҡͷû㣬Ϊող֪꣬ʵƤĲ㡣
֣˵иǵǰҲܹǵõͻƣǲ֪ǸҲҳԣ
ô˵Ҳһǰ˵ĵͶԼΡȻĻһ䣬ǿХ۾һһԵĻ۾һȵ꣬ǲƳʲôµҩ
һԵǿХҲͷСǵųꡣ
ƲƲѵֻΪһҩʦ
ѵ𣿡ͬ˵
һһźòãǲõ˵
УһƲƲ졣
˵ʽľŸоʽĲ㣬˾ŸµʱʽУڴһʽ
ͣǰļˡ˶ݵ֮㲻ѿڶ꣬˵ģ
ģصͷ
̫˼ˣɴ֮С
Х³һЧô

ǿҲã
ӦУͷӦܹǵǱһھǵһǵĻһ̣˵ͻΪЩȡͻơôʽֻһǸҲҳԣ
ʲôңǿ㶼ͷˣû㶼ɹˣǻ£
ֽĿХ㡣
ͬ˵
Ȼܹ϶ʽû˿⣬ʹشӦ֤ǶԳΣóʮָж
һɲʲô˶ܹ޸ĺʹµģһ޸ĺʹµĹҪð߻ħΣյģǿХȴû˿ԥһǶڳΣų굱ƳƤҩĳɹóǵкܸߣҲ˽꣬ǳûʮֵİգǲֹڸǵġһҲǶǿߵϣͻĲΡ
뿪˲ݣŶѵȥǿͻȻͣס˽Ųǻѡطɣ
Ŷһʱѵкܶ˵ͷһȥ
ǿԣ꣬׹Ͻ磿
ô֪ģʵ
ǸӾ֪㲻Ͻ磬һѡִڸǡ
䣬ĳļ˵㡣Ĳ츳ػ


41 ܰʽ
ûʲôܹ飬Ҳ˽ЦЦҪХʽɹҲʽٰ磬ܵһɣ
˴Цϲ
꣬°ʽһߴԼҪʱ䣿Хʵ
˼˵ǿʵҪܹʽ꣬ʱҪһЩ±ڲ㼶нˣܹʽʽɹˡ
ɣ꣡ǿ˵ҵʺڵľ磬ֻȼ͵ƤڣǴµģһʱѾ㹻˰ɣ
ԣЦе˵
˱˵ЦűĴһۣԻ˵鷳㵱βtڡ
û⣡ǳʹشӦĿš
ǿХΧ˳Χ꿪ʼʽһһʽر߽һ顣ҲǴ֮ˣֻһѾ
ȻеһʽʮֵǿҲûнڶʽȥֻǿ˵һʽѾо
ǿХҪٵĶ࣬Хһе˵ʽŲòͣǿǾֱ˵ʽ
˴ʱоԼˣһֱûͻƵıϾȻ΢ɶ˴ϲųļ꣬лл
һ
ȥඣǿͲܳ죬˷ܵس֣ХǿȥıӰ꣬Ҳȥˣ
ã
꣬ҲȥˣҲм˵
ȥɣųɹʱ֪ͨҡ
ãХҲѸٵس֡
˵ıӰȫʧŻͷ˻ֻ˫Ź´ų꣬걻Ŀһһɶ
ƽһŴŴ˵磬ҲҴ¸µ
걻Ŵûһȴ˻˼ɿЦҲǾϵ߰ôȥ£
һСʱͿԱߵһݺݵһŵΪʲôǾϵߣ

Żһ֣ŽĶˣŽʧ˹ͻ֮󣬳Ÿ߽̹ٵİ칫ȥ
ÿѧԱһͻƵƤڰ˲Ͳصµ׵Ĳԣǿȥ̹ٱڲ֮ȻᱻڵĹͻƵھͻΪһʿ
ͻƤ˲ˣ𾪵վǰĳꡣ
ǣ̹٣
Կ˷ܵ˵
ǣ̹٣ߵ˲ĸǰûʵһȭ˾Űٹ
ʹŲ죬ȻָָŲʾͰ͵˵⡭ǡģ
ǣ̹٣
˼ΣŽǿƽɷô¶
֮û߽̹٣Ϊµ׾ͻὫʽϽ磬Ǹʱ߽̹֪ԼڲԵʱƭϱ߲㣬Ҳͻʲôδ֪鷳ȸ߽̹ٴԤ롣ǣͽõ˵˵˳߽̹٣һͨʽʽһ͵ʽ͵ʽ֮󣬷ЧǷġ
߽̹ٿ˿ֿͣ˿ʾռѵ˵ֹ꣬Ͻ磬ǰ״ܲãҪ¹ȻԲ㡭
ҡͷ߽̹٣ⲻ˵ֻҪܹǰһԸ׳ֹ
͵ֳ͵Цݣеųļ꣬û㡣
˵иҪ߽̹ٴӦ
ʲôҪ˵
ǡܲµٽֹϽ
ΪʲôҪֹ֪һƹ㣬ܹһ档
ȻǲɵȥҪԼһ˵Ҫһµʱȥ
͵촽䶯£˵ԽЩһһ뵽ôȥһƣֹܹ𣿴һֹ˭Ҳܷصص˵ͷһ£
һ£Ҳ֣صصͷ
Сʱ󣬳ŸϰڵĹܰʽ֣̹֮ܵٵʵңִ֣̹ѧϰҩȥ״˴ҩĲҩһ๺˼Ĳҩ˷ܵطԼᡣ


42 ͻ
֮ҪѧϰܰʽҩҪΪԻ磬ԼͻȻóҩͱܰʽ˵ˡ
ص֮󣬳̽뵽֮УСͱȡѾ׼õľϵľ˹ȥǸľŴһŽ˽ȥɱʵʵ׽ţɿͨľţ߽˱֣վ˵ڶʯĸǰ
ڶʯҩķ꽫֮󣬽ַŵʯǿ֮ϡ
ȻԤϣгһİĿռ䣬Ҳһ͸˿ʼһܰʽ
ȻûпʼܰʽǸȴϸظͽһǸ͸ıܰʽ̸о˲ͬؼסǸ͸εһһʽ֪ʶһԱ˳
ûлԣԴҲ͵ʮܡɴ˱еĲݵ˯˹ȥ
֪˶ãûжԺзŰ͸ıܰʽ϶ԼȫסƫŴӲݵֺǺǵزժһҩĲҩŷԼᡣ
ص֪Ѿҹʱĳȫû˯⣬ҩڵĲҩǳ󣬶ĳֲ֪ԼҩжٳɹʣԼӽ״ڹĲҩơ
ʯϵҩǱڵҩһֲҩҩǰֲҩڵҩǾ֮֡Դӽ״ڶ๺˼ֲҩΪһҩļ
졣
ѾҩĳɹɣʱҲһֱʽҩҺڵıܰʽֱܰʽ֮Ϊ±ܰʽ
ʱûнһʽгȴӵǿĵ绰ʽȫгɹоڰ˲ıźܴɶҪչˡ
졣
ХҲ˵绰ԼҲҪչˡ
һֱû绰Ҳص֮Уֻû˴ޡʱѾȫͶ뵽Լҩĳɹϡ
ʮµ׻ʮ죬ڽҩĳɹ˾ųɣ֮оͶ뵽ҩеĽ
ʼڵĲҩҩˣ
µ׻ʱ䣬绰ˣʽ˵ʽ
ڵ绰жڲԵʱԼ£ʾס
µ׵һ죬ûͻڣȥμ˲ԣ¼ƺõʽĹ̽˸ͽֺ̹֮㣬ڲһͱȥһ֣⼸ÿµ׻ҪıĿص֮󣬳Ͷ뵽˼֮С
뵽ĵʮһµĵʮ죬ҺĳȻоԼƤͬһӽƤ¼䶯һϮȫ
һСʱֹ֮ͣ󣬳̸оһӿ˳
Һ˳ҵش·ͳᣬһ·ѵܡڱܵĹУ귢ԼٶȿˣԭƤµļйɵ˶ţԼЭԵõӣЭһԽﵽ˾ųɣЭѾֻһɡ
ʵЭѾѧԱһˣһЩѧԱϾܹﵽЭԵ˼٣󲿷ЭԶڰ˵ңЭѾﵽ˾š
ÿζҺѵʱѾҹ¾ˣ¹
վ˲ǰƤµļ΢䶯һȭ˴򱬿صػڲϡ
ʾڵּٵطţͣһǧ˰ٹϡ
˵еͻһ׾ȻԼֵһȭͷоǴδй
һԼƽǿʼδиߵĿڵȴȻת뿪ѵصԼᣬ̤̤ʵʵ˯һ
ڶһ磬׼½սһߣսǡĿǰһӵеҲһǧһٹҪȳϺܶࡣǵֻڵ߿ѧϰ似ǳԼ̫ȭҲǿҵġ
ǣʱֻһʾ̽ͨ˵绰绰ͷ˸ͽ̹ˬʵ꣬㴴µʽѾͨ˼飬˵׼ʱܼܲν
ǣ̹٣


43 µȱ
˵طֻʱ仹磬½ʼԼսһߡûиҶԼΪ֪ԼһսҪʱ䣬ϾԼڻһ㡣ֻǺһǩս顣
ߣʱˡ㻻һ·뿪ܲȥ
겻֪Լս̳֮ҶһֱȴųһսڷսиȤ˶ǳ˷ܣԼڶȥۿս
ÿ쳿֮ϰԵһ꿪ʼڷսʱɫһ㶣ѵѾͻƵڣ
ͬг֮ϰкܶˣʱǿХҲ˳սѶϢ˲Լͬ̾ϢһͬʱֳһСӸ˵ѹ̫ˣ
̹رյĵԣͶ뵽֮С
žر˵ԣȭͷΪͣյĹǽڶڷףֻҪͻϵһܹܳ꣬ϴˢҵĳ衣
ĿЩɢŵĻϹڳϢһɲƽҸոͻƵڣͿʼսһˣ
ܲ˴Ž˵ضʮһİ칫ڡʱͽ̹Ѿ칫ڣ滹λһȥǰλǺ͸ͽ̹һľΣξ
˽һŴ칫Ǹξվӵĺ˳ŸֵǸͰɣ
ǣ٣
ǡžһһȻ˫סξ֡ξһֻĳ꣬ŷſֵ꣬ǿξлΪĹס֣о
оԻʵ
һԵĸͽ̹ٽӿڽ͵оԸо֮󣬾һֱûͻڣҲӵʽʿȨоĿĳɾͣĹְô꣬Ȥ𣿡
һ̹ٵ˼ԺͳΪһоԱȥǰߣ
ǿһ˿ӣһսʿôõ˵أǵͷ㲻ȥսǲȥսÿоԱıȫλı
˵ҿԾܾ𣿡
ĸξɫһ㶣ΪɵؽϾǰ߾ûΣգû뵽꾹Ȼܾǿ˸ղŵӣʵҸɣ
Ϊǿߣ
Ϊǿߣ
ǣ̹٣һǿ߲һогҪսĿ飬ҪǻԵҲܹȥоҪȥǰߡ
ǿ¶һ˿𾴣Ȼʵǿܶ࣬ȴܹоһǿߵġôܲܵ˵ľأ
ֻ꣬ǿо㵱ȻԾܾڸľ
泤٣Ҿܾ˵
ãͬ⡣оĴԶΪ㳨˵㲻ܹͻƵڣӭо
泤٣ҹոͻƵڣ
ޣǿ˷ܵ˵ߣȥѵҡʽͻƵڵ
Сʱ򣬳뿪֣ܲµʿľӽͳΪһʿ
ʿȼϵȱеȱµȱڵµȱڵеȱڵϵȱ
һıڣĶ棬˵壬Ѿ˳ΪһµȱͻƵڡ
ͻ𣿡ЦһǰʮֳԽ׼һڶݶӣפǰߺͺ֮䣬ʱǰߡԭֻѡһЩȽʵǿʿǰ˵Сһ׮Žȥһȥϴɣ
İų겻֪ɰԼĹšÿȥޣܽᾭ飬̫ȭҩҩҺʽֵһ뵽ںѧϰ似ˣ½ԼĿź룬ʼڶĹѡ
ڵ߿ѡĹȻҲ٣ƷǺܵ͵ġھһ֮ѡ̫ȭ
ϵ̫ȭҪȳ֮ǰǸ꽡ʽ̫ȭһЩҲֻǸһЩֻСʱʱһ̫̾ȭĿھûԼ̡
ǣҲûа취Ҫõһ̫ȭҪȵԼڡ


44 ȥ
ʮһµµס
ûͻƵһ㣬ȴ̨֮ʤһһߡԼĻ˾Űٷ֡
ǿХҲûͻƣڱչءͻƵƤ㡣
ʮ³
ڴҪ齨һ֧ڶݶӵϢ
ʮµµףûͻƣоԼͻѾԶǿХȺͻˣǿͻƵڰ˲㣬ХͻƵ߲㡣
С
꣬ǿХͻһ
ǿҪȥǰ˰ɣʵ
ǰǿЦе˵ѾҵˣѧԱģֻһͳΪеȱˡˣ꣬Х֪Ҫ齨һڶݶӵɣ
Хһ۳꣬ͷ֪
Ҳ̵ͷû֪̫ˡʱͻȻǿХͻԼֵʵǶҸʲô
㣡ǿ˵
ңһҲϢҪѡʵǿ߼ڶݶӣ̳Ϲһ£ҪڶݶҪҲڵĲϣԼڵһ㶼ûеôԼѡϣ
磡˵㣬Ҳ鵽ҵǸ尲ŵһС
ǡ鵽ĿǿХͻѲӡ
ÿˣС¶˵ʲô¡ǿں˵֮ûȡжҪҪȥڶݶӣǾʲô˵ˡ㲻ȥš
Ϊʲôȥ˵ͷ˷ܵĿ⡣
ǡֻлڵһʵῪǹ𣿻Ὺ𣿻Ὺ𣿻Ὺɻ𣿻ᡭ
һóûƢ֮ͣ󣬲С˵ҿԵ˵ڶݶѧ
ˣǿųʵ
ˣȥ
ֱͦˣɢǿšЭѾﵽ˾ţԼѧЩܻܿ졣
ǿӷڽµıȡӣһݸ˳꣬һݸХ
ХҲϣȻֻȥڶݶӣ˭֪ʲôʱͻᱻɵսϣװΪģ⣿
һԵĻƤӾһ֪ǿһоװţóĶǾƷ
Хһִۣ˺ӣһ˿졣
ʱĳѾǸյڵĲˣѾ˺ܶϢֻ˺еװһۣϳһָ߼¡
·ģͷŽǵ屣棬ֵܹߵǹҲܹһܡеĹϿԵֵ͸ַǳãϲκβʣҪܹϵζΧĻıɫⱻͨӾǡ
ɫǴһ£ϸûмǿ˵ӵô๦ܵķ£۵Щֻǵ𵽿ãǽһãܹﵽֵеǹ̶ȵķҲҪֵ֣˵ܹﵽֵߵǹ̶ȵķˡοζͶŻıɫĹܣ·ϳۣǾԻһۡ
ҲˣŽĻ֣Ҳһ·
ǸǿͷҲû㡭
ʲô㣿Хͬʵ
һ׽£ƽʱǴ棬ͷ׿ԲҪʱһ¾ͻϡȻǵ۾¶ģһ㡣
˶ͷȷʵһ㣬ֻҪע⣬۾ôСĵطӦòܵĹ
һ㡭ΪǸ㣬ҸƳ˿ɿ㣬ɸצӲ
ڳ˾һĺֻǿٺٵЦš
ͨذǿһۣȴһ⣬ǿʵǿ磬ǸζԶıɫļǻûƳ𣿡
ܹζŻıɫǶõıҪĿ
ܻﲻܹߣߴڰȫ״̬
ǿû˿仯˵ҸոƳģֻףÿһסӦƷܹζζ֪ŻıɫܹٴҲ֪ĿֵܹٴͬĲ֪ʱûʱĲԡ


45 ڶݶ
˵ĿһǡµĿٽ㣬ǡζ͸ıɫʧǡҪһֻ͵͵Ǳıӵ£Ǿֻܹˣ
ǿЦõ˵ǡ̫˰ɣ
Ȼ˵ôΣĻǳХȴ֪·ԻǿܶѪ;ֲͻͻȻ
һ̬ǿ˿ЩɫתХХΪҲ˽㣬ҵ͸ˣʲô͸Һͳꣿ
Х¶ŵЦݣҲӷڽµıȡӷֱݸ˳ǿ
ǿһѴ˺ӣʹһڣϲشӺȡһȻ̧ͷХ
ʱҲ˺ӣӺӵȡǸںǸ֮⣬Ĵָ״СĶ
ৡ
ʱ֪ǿ˽ϵʲôأһâӽչ˳γһе״
ŽȻڽļһťôĴָһ
ৡ
һâӽչ˳γһ
ͨܵǹǿȻǷǿȡХ˵ҪԷȥ൱һڡϵǸɫİťշİťɫťǷİťһһǰĵط
˵Хָźеָ״Сķ˵ЩǱ飬ÿһԼܹ֧һµʱ䣬ʮÿĹ֮ҪʮСʱһҪֱųҸոоĲƷǷǳǿ󣬳ԽĿǰڵͬƷΪʱȣܹʹöãҲʹǶ٣ûüⶨ
Ҳ˵Ҳܹʮ꣬ҲֻܹһꣿǿСʵ
ХصͷҲֻܹһ£Ҳ嵽ǰʱͻȻʧЧˣһվĸǰ
ۡһ뵽ǿһɵվĸǰֳ̲סЦ
Ц֮ɫȴХƳҲȷʵһִ£绹о׶ΡҪоǽڹؼʱԵãǸĽͬһȥ
绹׶Σû뵽ХȴѾ˳һ˽⣬ЩĵʵХڷʱ򲻻Ա˰ɣ
Хƽ˵֪ʱûзܡǱϾҸոƳģ˵ʲôܹ
ǿɿذ°ťǵ˲ʧСؽŽ˺
ȡһӵݸ˳磬ΪѶ̽ǾʹģʹǾߣѶ̽ҲǼõǵĹͷǿȲХѷɫ
ǿһ˿ζĿ˵ɨŵ
ǿ磬ҽÿ¶㱨ѽ
ǿһͦظ㱨ͻ㱨£Ҷ֪Щһֱڱչ
𣿡գգ۾Ǹô¶
ǿ·ûһ㣬ĿתХХһж¶һ˿ǡ
ͳ֮ķһЩʲô£ڳ˵治֪ǻǸ
ɢȥ֮󣬳صĵϾͻƵһ㡣ﵽһǧŰٽЭȴʮֵػֻһֻǹȥʮ֮һЭֻоŵһǳڴľŵһ
ڶ죬ͽӵ֪ͨһºǰӪȻǰڶݶӡ
ûŵԼ˿ɰԭеĹšڼ֣̹ٺ͸߽̹ҲҹǲǲԸǰڶݶӣԸ˿취Ǿ㶼ܾˡ
ΪûгΪʿûʸڶݶӡǿХûи׼ǳ껹Ҫ׼һЩҩһȥ֪ʲôʱܹԳһΪһЩҩ
ڽУٽµ׵ʱ򣬳̨֮ʤһٸڶߣִﵽһǧ֡


46 ͱ
һʱ佫ҩ͸㣬Ȼڽ״ڻһֹʮľϵ࣬СͱڣȻһСͷʹԭϣЩŽ硣
ǿΪһҪμսľڳХ֮ǰ뿪ˣХǰͣȻصͿʼΪԼ׼һС
ЩҲΪԼ˺ܶҩһ죬ɴ಻ҩս磬ǸְƳɵĴҲս硣
ڴɹһҲ͵˳뿪ʱ̡
ڶݶӼһƬӣµȱ˾ۼǵŲͬߣиĸˣˣѡ
һ͵ļճͣ˼صĴſڣּղͬһСͳǱһֳĸоҸܶǰУ˻ӭĳ͡
һſĳͣ˴ſڣ˺䶯ܶ±ͽĽĿ˹ȥ
Ŵ򿪣ӯشӳΪϵһ߹ʺεɢ˳ԭһ֮ˣʱɵһƬ±
꣬Х˶һۣЩشӳ˳ͳХģХԭģвǸߵˣֻвŴӲѹԼǣһ绪ʹ绰ſڵҲֻʵʵ¥µš
ƽү
ƽûжƳɣ
һХҲֻܹεĿЦջϳ˳ХϾҲĬĬŵĽɫһŽȥСؽ̸š
˵ХѾͻƵ߲ˣܿҪųΪһеȱˡ
˼ХڶݶƾʵǸƾʲôһոսڵµȱôܽڶݶӣʵ͵ҲĲɣ
ǣһǱǰߣǻǣ
Ҳܹô˵̨֮ʤһٳڶߡΪڶݶӣҿսߡ
˵Ǹ꾿ô¶ôܹԽս
㲻֪͵ʽǳ귢ģȻҲ½ʽһ飬ǱϾʱ䡣겻ͬʽģôһһʼͱߴ±ǱҲӦھñǳ׵Ķ࣬ҲǴܶࡣ
һ˲ܵǰ߸ʲôΪʲôںо
ХʱѾ˴ǰǰһǽǶһŵԡХֱԼĿ룬Ȼڵоͷֱ˳ХҪϢ
ꡣ
ԱС
ĻС
֣½
ڲӣ±Ӫڰ˾ʦӪһࡣ
ӹһ˿Ц֮Աֵ½ΪһʱĿγ̶ûȥϣҲֻܹ½
תͷХХľʲô
վХӶһ˿⡣
߰ɣǰȥĵص㡣ХԼȥĿվذɣХֵ
εسХ˵ͷХȴسų˰ֺ֣ӵһ£ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ǰӵһ£֣ص˵꣬ҺܿҲڶݶӵģҲúԶ
ãҵڶݶӵ㡣
أ
ţ
Ҳɴغ󣬿ʼȥѰԼλá㿴ŽųĻǵת뿪
ܿ죬ҵ±Ӫڰ˾ʦӪһࡣһӲڵϣдŵڰ˾ʦӪһࡣ
Ѿкܶ±վӵΧеǼ±һģеǺԼڸ
ͣ˽ŲͷŻɫЩȻͻĿǰĹϵ˵˲ˣ˵ֱѵĹϵһЩóһʱ֮䲻֪ͻ˵Щʲô
ǣ
е룬ȴûǸӣ˫ĹϵϾûдﵽǸ̶ȡ
ͨ򵥵˵ټ
ҲʣϾ֮Ĺϵͨѡ
Щѣͨ죬ڱһ仰һ绰
¶ЦݣǴ¶Ц⣬ȻСɵıЦݾϿš
ǵҪ绰ҡ˵
һġ
Ҫ̫ȥҪݽϡ
ǡ
ȥһİĵطҺͱ˴ùϵ
š
ҪȥĴͱսˡ
á
ȥǰҪСġ
š


47 µ
صͻȻе±ϳе±ϳ
תͷȥһŴͿ˽ÿװ±е±ŴȥתŻ˵ҵˡ
ͷȥɣҿ㡣
ؿһۻת뿪˴ͣһλ£Ŀ滪ϡ
СذţҲֳ̧ŻذţϺܶ±źͳһĶųѻָ
ͿˣʻĻأһֱĹ·ϼС
꽫ĿӴ˻Ŵ֮ڴմڵ㣬һӦࡣ
ʱ±Ѿʼ໥귢ûʶˡغܴ󣬳ĸ߽̹ٵİ༶ֻһ꼶еһ༶İ༶ּûȥϹ½յĿγ̣ʶ˺
Ŀǰڴ͵ǰˡϱɢƾֻܹо˲Żڲ֪ɢϢϢڵϸо
ʱϱվÿϱһȥһ༫͵ϱߵһ±ǰһλ£˵ҽ࣬ӽǵİ೤
೤ãʿһλվغ
ûа˿Цݣֻǵ˵ͷͷ£
ǣʿֱͦ˱ֱλϡ
Ŀϵɨ±޵ֳһ˿ͣ˵˵ʵҲԸⵣǵİ೤ҵǰɱУܵЩ±ӡԣһǳ˭̲ȥڿһϷȥ
û˳һͦøֱˣԼľģҲ⡣ɲλģҲİ೤һõӡ󡣵ǣڳԵһ±ȴؿӱϣ¶Цݡ
ʱһԶİ೤ںȵǴӴ˿ѾһʽʿˡǣֻʽϵģʵǣǾһʿúԶڣǶȥĺܣǰ˵ʮ֣ʮϳܹ࣬Ƕ࣬һࡣ೤Ѿˣĸ༶ΪһǾͼһСʱڣͶȥ
ϰ೤ɨһ۳ǣ˵ˣ
±ҪĸСʱ⡭Ҫ
ɫʮƽĸСʱĳ;ܣ˶ڻڵȷʵСǳ±ܰʽÿҺнܵʹԲĸСʱĳ;ܹġԽˣΪҩĲͬҲԽ˺ܶࡣĸСʱĳ;Ȼۣǻûдﵽļޡ
ԣϰ೤Ļ䣬׼վ³ȻΪ˾ˣҪԷΪְ
ǣûеȵվһֱԱߵǸ±ȴѾվųȥһ㶣Ҳվ˺档
ϰ೤İ೤ҲȻſ³ˡǸ±³ٶ±ⲻ೤Ŀ
ϰ೤ȽĿ˳ǰǸ±ϣȻûɱһһȴǱ׼ľ̬಻ԵͷѾжϳ±һԾңСܵϸľѵ
Ŀ䵽˳ϣüͷ΢ɲһ¡ĸоܴݣϵľϢȴܵ
ϵȻо˵ʣոһͱ͵ȻǶѵûоӵѬգľ˵ʣ
˳Ϳʼ˳ŽֵٶȲ죬ȴһֱһٶȣûпһ֣Ҳûһ֡оܲҲܹԼһֶ㽫˼ܱ߸оʲôƣʲôʲôٶȶļܹѵĶ
ڳǰ³±ͯսһֱڳǰȴܹĽŲ
տʼĽŲǳ㶨·һһ㡣ŷ˱仯һα仯ǲϵر仯ͯսȴܹӽŲÿһα仯ƺøӵӯֻܹһͣǾǳڼԽԽ
ڣĽŲٷ仯ֱú㶨ͯսвеԾܹѾԼļ⣬Ųľٶȵڵѡ
⡭Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣ


48 ͷ
ʱÿϵ±ȥнǧˣŹ·ڱܡ
һֱڶԼĿУСﵽЧȻЭҲá
߿ʼЩ±ԽЩ±ϣ೤һӡ󣬵ֻгͯսɱһٶȣûһ֣Ҳûнһ֡
ÿһԽͯս±мƳһеʹ³ʲôǱҳԽ
ͯսû˿ķӦûпЩһۣɹԼٶȡ
һСʱȥЩʿٶȿʼͯսɱԭеٶȡ
СʱȥͯսʼسԽǰʿЩԽͯս±ɱԭеٶȽһ󣬲Ŀɿڴ
Сʱȥǧ˵Ķ飬ͯսѾܽǰ
ǧ˵гʵˣֻһ㣬±ʵ͵ҲĲ㣬ڰ˲ĸ֡
ǣЩʿһֻڶżıϾƽʱıȶУֻмıܹͷųﵽֵĿġǣȴ˼˶ĳ־ԣڱСʱ֮ƣѾϮȫٶѾ͵͵㡣
겻ͬʽ±ܰʽ׵ȵؼǱӱͬӳ־ԣЭҲľˣĶøӵغҲͱøӵ١ԣûзǰĲ
볤ֻܽСʱʱ򣬳ͯսѾܵǰ棬ͯսڳǰ棬˵һλãֻһλ
ǰͯսʮֵ𾪣ĽŲܹĲû˿ı仯Ҳ˵ٶû˿ı仯ҲʮҲ׼ı䲽ֻҪԼܹԼٶȣһһԼġ
ǣȴоԼŲأŲľ뷢˱仯ٶȲ赲ؽȻֻһ˿Ķȴ˳һһ׷ȻһһسԽ
ʮʮֵˣܵԼĴ͸ǰվԵϰ೤һ񣺡೤걨
˵ͷһ˿ɫһȻóϳո£ԱߵλһˣȴͯսȥͯսҲ
ͯսͯսų֡
꣡ҲԼ֣Ȼֻյһ
һӮͯս˵
ܿɣ
΢Ц˵Ȼӱȡѹɺˮʼ緹ͯսҲͬȡѹɺˮʼ
½±Ƕ˳ᣬһ̱ϣʼȡѹɺˮԼĵ
೤ҲĬţһӵʱҶ緹һ΢͵ڷţе΢͵Ժٴһ˿죬ų꣬ӽ絽ڶݶֻʮµʱ䣬ʮµʱû˿һ㣬̨ʤһǧƤһӮڶ㣬δܹɣ
ǣ೤һͦأػش
Χ±Ŀ˳꣬ʲôΣ̨Ӯһǧһ˵սҳһ㻹ʤһٳڶս𾪡
ųЩʵҪ֪һһôܵڶݶˣ˵ûʸġ
֪೤ͦشش
΢΢üͷ˼һ£ЩףǰС̨Ӯһǧ˵̨֮Ͼ͵ʲôˣҲЩ˱һЩСҪѳ͵ǰŪߣҵҪ龿˭ϳģ
ֻСӡ
˸ղųЩϣʱЩЦáų˵꣬ϻʾţں½շĳɼ㣬òǴûȥϹΰɣ
೤Ϲá
ȵΪǹŴ𣿻𣿲ҪῪǹ𣿡
ǣ೤
Ϊʲôȥѧ
ѧ
ãص˵ͷ㸺سܣҲ˵ҪıܣΪĳͷԺʲôѵҶʲôʱڸ涼ܹﵽһͨʿҪ󣬲Żȡĳͷ
ǣ೤
ıû˿仯оĳܲûдﵽļޣʹԼıҲʲôԴӳЭԴﵽ˾֮ҪصȥˣֻͻȻ֪ͨڶݶӣŵ
û˿仯ĳ꣬бЩƣҲЩͣһ־֮ˣһñӡ


49 ԶϬţ
ڶ졣
꿪ʼܣɱԭٶȣûиоκƷɣЩֳܣΪֳĶЭźܴİϴͻһ㣬һЭȣĳȴ˸оӡ
죬ÿ춼ԵһĳɼĸСʱƺһһɡñһ೤кƣǻһƵˣǾͯս
ˡ
ôŬʼڳǲвɣΪʵѾ˲ˣûһһ˰
졣
ĵа೤ûЩ±³ȥܣЩֵ±˵֪ڱ֮ǰϹһЩװ˵ţĿɨһʿ
೤˵ûÿ˶װѾǿХ͸װϹһЩװоͰ󱳵ǰѵ
һе˵һѵ˵һشʮǸƷʺϽ죬ԵеȱУǳ껯ΪֲŹġ
һ񣡡ÿİ೤ѵһСʱ·̣ǾͻᵽһԭƬԭԭã𣬵ЩһЩȼܵ͵ţô˵أЩϵԶھǵװȥԣջİͳ⣬ûջİͼǵѹɣ
ǹװǶһЩȱɾƿأǲ۵ġѵŴȥԣ
ǣ೤ĻᡣҲ֪ûãһʼȡԼıвãԼĽš
˵жһ԰ΪλģڶݶӶԱ׼Ϊλһ߸ˡʱһͶ˶ֻ۹࣬ͬʱҲĿꡣ
ʣһʵ˵ġǵгɻĺȡ
СӲ
СӲǳ
СӲܵһ
οɲǳܣԣɱҰ޸ˣ
ʿʱҲƣΪҲܲó꣬ǼȻֵһ࣬ôһлڣʱܹڧܵű˵ʲôŽĻʱȴҲû˸ɫ
ȻǸоΧյع죬ȴû˵ʲôҲûʿԼǱ۾ʼ
Ҫ˵Ҳܣһ־ټ㣬ҲܲšʱھƽԼľͬʱԼ״̬
һСʱʱܿ͵ˣһŴͣ˹·ϣ·߾һ޼ʵĴԭ·ǹᴩԭġ
걳Լı˳ʵıҲûʲôҪĶǰȴһֱ
ǧ˶԰ΪλʼŴԭȥֻСʱʱ䣬೤Ѿ˵ˣСʱ붼
˰೤˳֮⣬ܹ˸˳ֵıŲԭȥǧܶ࣬ԭ̫ˣֻǲСʱʱ䣬ΧѾˡ
˵ڰ˲ͯսΪףΪͯսʵǿģھʵһСڵ㣬µһڵ㣬һڵĲ㣬ֻгڵһ㡣ԣͯսǰ棬Ǳ˷棬ҲǶһûԵıϾһģ˭ԼսˡûдһֻҰޣһˣ˿ɾͶˡ
սĬ굹ûʲôϾҲǺ⡣ȻֺаŶԳӡ
һСʱͯսͣ΢΢۾ԶţҲӺ۾ǰȥ
ֻǰ֮һСѶСӵıϴʱһȺԼһֻҵϬţȺˮ
ţһսʿֳһ˿ϲڳ˵ţ˳ģţ취ɱһͷӦòʲô¡
Ϭţһսʿ˵
ԶϬţͯսֳһ˿š
ԶϬţҵɫһ㶡
ͯսѹ˵ǲǵҪǼţϺܶ𣿡
ٴǰţȺȥȻЩϬţҪԼţһ롣
ٿͯս˵ǵƤǼţһŴĿף
˵ɫһ䣬ǵҰУЩϬţƤȻɢһֹһֽĹ󣬴һϾܹǵķж̬


50 
ӴͣǿķͷϻһϬĽǣóҲ֮ȺϬţˡ
һ£һٶֻϬţײһʲô
ǿͻȻƤһָһ
ʱϬţȺ෽ʿűȺϬţ˹ȥҲ෽ҲʿֻǾϬţȺԶһЩʱϬţȺҲʼű˹ȥ
衫
ϬţȺҲ˾ʿ׷̧𶼣ĿԵѸٿʿ
ˣͯսֳ֮ɫԶϬţǼţһǵʮֵرңҳ˹ԡ
һҲżˣ˫ǰڳһ״ߺҪϬţܣ
ͯսҲ̷Ӧ˹ͳһĸʿҲŷߺҪϬţܣ
˷·ûһ㣬ϬţȺǿţͷ϶һֻǣʲôˣڵĸ֣ѵԸһȺţ
䡫
ط·ˣһٶֻԶϬţˣһͬһɽʿײ˹ȥ

һĲҽ߰ش˳ֻǰһʿѾһͷ޴Ϭţ˿УѾϬţʿѪѾ˳
ֻ˲䣬ʿѾĸʱѾȫңӡ
ݣģǳˣͯս޺޵һ˿־塣
˴ʱڻ֮Ѿ淽򣬾Ȼų˷˹һٶֻһԶϬţҲ෽ʿʱѾؿЩϬţк²ѡ
վʲôܰ
һܡͯսҲӦ˹ת˳ɿ
ҲĵԼʱҪͬһǱϬţ׷ʿˣǵظţһֻԶϬţȫ˹

һزҽУ˱лͷȥеһѾԶϬţ˿Уȵӿ£˲㱻Ϭţȳࡣ
˻عͷûƵǵﶼʮҪǱЩԶϬţ׷ϣ·һ
ЩϬţÿֻضǧټǱܵײ˼ǧʵֵܵġ

ִһĲҽУ˲ûͷ֪еһҲˡ˵һﵽɤۣԼٶ˼¡ǣǴصȴԽԽ
ʱǰ棬Ѿͯս˦ʮңµĸ˦һٶסͷһϬţȺĸ˵ľѾס
΢΢һüͷԼսѣˣջھҲ޷ˡ
˽Ųܿͯս׷˽Ųͷһۺĸսѣɫֻ΢һԥҲ˽Ų
ӵʱ䣬ĸ±󺹵ͯսͯսô죿
ͯսһܣһ߽üͷʵûʲôð취һԵĳͻȻһ˿㣬ǸĲʿ˵һܣЩϬţӦò׷㡣
ǡأɫһ̶мʵ
㲻ùܣȻİ취ڣܣغȵ
ɫԥһ£ջ̵ת˷һȥȻЩϬţûиı䷽򣬱ϾߵĿҪ࣬ɽ׷ųǡ
ɹˣһȭͷǸʿȵܣ
ǣʱȻͬһһػشȻһȥ
ŵؿϬţȺϬţûиı䷽׷Լˣȫ˳ȥвһǣȺϬţԼѾһʮ׵ʱϵɫ̱תͷȵܣ
ǣҲӦһб˳ȥŵؿźϬţʱߵڲϵؼ٣ҲϬţı˷ȥ׷ͱˡ
ЩϬţҲʮֵ̣ƺ򣬽׷ɫ
죬ܣ
ǣб˳ȥͯսŵػͷϬţʱЩϬţѾס

ͬʱһЩϬţɸ󣬲ûȥ׷졣
꣬ߣϬţȺͯսϵ˵
ҡҡͷ˵ͯսͲҪˡʣˣһֿͲ֪ЩϬţ׷˭
ͯսĬȻʱҲӦ˹ʱ˭ı䷽ѾҪˣ˵׼ЩϬţ׷˭
ô죿ͯսŴʵ
һȻܣ˭ܹͿϬţѡˣ괭Ŵ˵
ͯսĬһͷã
һ
ġһڣͯսȥܳȥʮ֮ͷȥȴ겻ûзͷܣͣЩϬţŸ첲ЩϬţҲ¡¡ųײ˹ȥ
꣡쵰ͯսŭţһȣˮ


51 
˿̵ĳһαѾԼٶȫ˳е˶Ŀ۽ڳϣͬһƥڲԭӹһֻϬţ
ܱ߻ͷϬţȺ˫ľڽʱѾʮףԼܲЩϬţվᱻ׷ϡ
˫ǿ͸Ľ¡·ģ˫Ŷ档˫ִҲֻףƽʱСʱ꽫ֻקϣȻӱǰͷ˱ܹϬţ
Ȼ䣬ͣ˽ŲתϬţȺͦϬţȺͻȻһƶɽһųײ˹ͯս˫ȭգһŵעųꡣ
ʱѾȫ侲ȫļַǳȶͬһ
Ϊ׵һ޴Ϭţǰ棬ʱ겻ʮף沿ϬĽѸ͵رƽųꡣ
ʮף
ʮף
ʮף
ʮף
ף
ף
ף
һף
ֻϬţĽѾ˳ǰͻȻŵ浹ȥ޴ϬţӳϷֻųȥ
һ˿ϲɫȻͬԤϵһ㣬ϬţĸַŽĹâͬҰһ㡣
ɵһ࣬ٶֻϬţֻǰ˲䣬ǰݺݵزϬţĸ
衫
ԶϬţһǰܣ˫еԶϬţĸʿֻ˲ѾԶϬţβ
ҰпֻԶϬţ̤æһץסͷԼʸԶϬţβֻͣԶϬţǰȥ
ԶϬţȥûмʮף㡰ͨһˤڵϡԥؽԼ񽫽ǧ㣬˲ֻԶϬţ̧ȻϬţ棬ҲϬţĳӶʲôԼһ
ԶϬţӵڵϵֻϬţ¡¡ǵҰʧ˳Ӱǰ֮ûĿ꣬ЩϬţͣƺЩ޴룬Ϊǵͷˡ
һԶϬţȺֻǿ׳ϬţʹΪͷλá
ͯս˴ʱѾһǵĿɨţѰųʬ塣ڸղ£û˻Ϊ껹
ͯս㿴ͻȻָǰغ
ͯս˳ָȥֻڵϵԶϬţͻȻĸһʺˣȻӵվЦš
꣡
ͯսֻÿƲסԼᣬɿųܹ
꣡ҲųȥүǾȻ޵صġ
飡ͯսݺݵһȭõ˼쵰
û˵ʲôֻЦ֪ʱԼ˵ʲôʣͯսһˣԼղƾȴͯսܹܡ
ˣԶǽܹ
ˣŰ˵ҰͷϬţ̧ȥǽˣԿţˣ
ǺǺǡ
ͻȻЦһֺзŷ˳
ǿˣͷϬţǵˣһҲഫ
תͷȥɫһ䡣ղȺԶϬţΧܹ࣬һѾԶϬţɱˣɳɱһͷԶϬţһһֱԶ֡
ʱǿ˱ˡ˵ѾûʲôУҲһڵһߣղܹɱһֻԶϬţ϶ɺϡ
ͯսԼٶôãҲĲ١Ҫǲ꣬ǵʵͯսҲ࣬ȻΪ͵һڵĲ߿ٻ꣬ǾͶһˣ˴ˣӮʤһǡ
ǺԥǸȥԶϬţˣͯս̾ŭˣȻ֪ЩеĴ㡣ҲԼΪԭ·磬ΪһôûһЩ
ԺпٵţֻҪԼܹٶȻԷǸԼʵ൱˲ߣԼ߾ŷ̵Ŀܡ
Ҷ˵ÿ̬ѾֳԼ̬ȡ
ЦֻԶϬţǳƴɱģԼˣֻϬţʵʵؽȥ˵ԼЩûھлȥûڳǰ֡
ԭϡ
˺Ծ˶ԣѰԼʵµĶ֡
վڳȻǸڵĲʿһ׸ߵߣҲڲزסǸ˱ըеļ⡣
ѪѪһƬһϬţĳӹļϣȥʮֵ


52 һ
ǸͣܵСӣ֪Ұȴ֮㻹ܲܣԷʿ˫ֱ硣гв
ʱʿѾͯսž֣Ķȴܽƻھغʱ䣬ҳǸ׵ʿȵڸʲôϽŵ
֨֨
˫ȭͷһգһĹǽڱ˫Ŀб׹⣺Сӣܡ
국ЦţԼʱЦúȴ֪ϵѪȫƻЦݣԵΪ
üͷһšȵɶ񣡡
о˳ӣǰһһʽڻģ߱۳˶ȭͷŷ˲䵽˳ǰ
˲˹һ̫ȭе˳ƽԷȭһ̶һʽͨ
顫
һ׸ߵӱ÷շڿлһߣȻͨһˤڲݵϡ
겻ȥǸһۣĿԼսѡԼʵǳԼľڵһ㣬Լȴڰ˲㡣
һͨ߾ʵﵽڵڰ˲㣬Ҳһǧ˰ٹѾʮֽӽǧղų껹֣ǸعǾѾˡ
ʱǴȴȫɵˡһһļһȻƾ꽡̫ȭԼˣ
̫ԤˣǳԷԤϣҲͯսЩ˵Ԥϡֻһ㣬ԷĲ㣬ôôʵ
֪ھһû뵽ûϱЩ±ͿʼΪԼ۸ԼԳû˿ĿֱһоͽԷΪԺ鷳
ԷǸʱؿʹ·ԼعǶһ㣬ֻ΢ƶһ£̸оؿʹôֻܹηųꡣ
ʱЩںͯսǶսЩϽԿν֣ҪԷǶʱܹģҺͯսǸ˻·磬ӵؽ
ʱͯսԼû˿ʤİգҲһ֮ˣһУսȦȵס֣ˣ
ԼߵĵһѾ䣬ǼʿҲ׷սȦڵϵĴһ˵Ǹͯսսʿһ˽䱸źȥ
ͯսҲûߣһϾһԵģҲøϾɱһҲȷղŻǸʵɺϡ
Ǽʿ˵ûӰͯսŸ˵شЦݵһɣ峹׵ط
ûиϢãԼֻһӵʱӲݵеĸ˷ֱֻԶϬţӣһǰͷϵĽǣһںϬţβ͡
ԶϬţص÷ɵ˲̧ܹǾһԣ˽̨꣬ͬһ飬ȻȻһ̧ԶϬţ
ص˹·Աߣûмʿ꿴һۣǾȻǵġ˾͸ӵظˣǰ೤Ҳ¶Цݡ
˷ɿؿʼţȻںӱ߽ţϴɾѰ֦𣬿ʼտ
磬׼Ƿǳĳֵģ˺ܶװǳԵҲ˺ܶ࣬ҾտĵζƷҲ˺ܶࡣ
ģԼܿȥսôҲܿҰսɢʱһȻҪտ׼һЩȻǱزٵġ
ΰѵϴȡǸ⣬ûѶƽƳı£ҪͶȡ뱾뵽֮С
꣬æˣѪȥϴɣһԵͯսѪЦ˵
ͷ˿ԼϵѪһԵȡˣ϶Ѫ
Ŷ꿴ͯսˣЦչ˫۵Ϊ֤֮꣬ӵһ°ɣ
ͯսЦ
ЦԼıźӱȥںӱߣֽԼ··ŵ棬ֻһ׿ˮźȥ
ε˺ģһźӵǱȥȻѸٵؽ뵽磬ѸٵȡһЩװһѸٵ뿪硣
һ㷢Լźӵ׳ȥ֤ԼղŽеʱǸŵӦڼźӵ׳ȥóһӷģ֪û˷Լܡ
һ˫ߣϷȥܿ죬ͷˮ¶˳ӱûˣĵε˺ӱߣȻ͵͵ؽһӵϷŵ˱棬վںӱߵˮ￪ʼϴˢԼϵѪա


53 
һ֮󣬳꽫ԼϴˢɾֽԼ·ϴɾŴӱȡһ·ϣȻűϴɾ·Űȥһϴɾ·棬Ȼűߵĸǰ
꣬ˣ£ϾͿԣ˵˵ͬʱະ೤ˣһ԰ɡ
ӳ˹ʱͻȻ˵ѽ缸ôʲôζ
ôʲô԰˳һ۵ѵ㻹żӵϣ
شȷһָȻӱаǸ˳Ȼʹ濪ʼͶʲôϸΰ齴ֵһ˳ֱͯսĿࡣ
㡭ȷȥμӵڶݶӣΣͯսԳԵʵ
ٷϻԲԣ꽫һƿϷŵ˵ϡ
ԣӣͯսһץһϸΣ˴ӾͿʼĨš
һߴһųЦ
Ц
ʱҲߵĸǰɫһ㶣ųĿⶼЩԭÿγܶܵһ˵ǳĴңио߱һʿһҪأǴʱųóЩƿƿ޹ޣ־Լĸоˡ
ǣܿײףĨϸֵϵĿζǲһƮʮﰡʿƵƵͷеİܲζջϡԼѾõˣ󷽵ĽϽ˳ȥû뵽һٶӮ˲ٺøС
ϲг𣬳߳Եͣǻûдκİ࣬Ͱ͵ؿŸ
˿⣬𣬴һص˳ϡҶ׼úڳ˯һǾʱȴּ೤վ
ͯսһۣоʲôҪ
ʱ೤ǰսһţ೤˵±ǣǼǵڶݶӣʱ׼ǰߵʿǻصѧԱԴһ̭Ϳʼˡź֮ǰڲԭȥʮˡǻǿ飬Ŀͨԭ֮ͨƬԭ֮ǽ뵽֣ƬĴǡסڶ԰мǣԶʱڵĴǡǾǣзһٶȣݣצӡǻܵǷĹڸǷǹ
䣬೤Ϲһӣ򿪸ӣ¶һǹһ೤ȵÿһǹСȫܹ֧ŵ֣
ǰһǹлصԼλϡһеĸǰ˺иǣ¶һƬť
ְ˵һťһֻλʼתе˶ųš
ఴ˵ڶťһꡱ֮ÿ˵Һͺ涼һְ壬ÿ˶ر档øְ壬ְļӲȾֵܹǧĹ
ʱఴ˵ťԵĴĲȥӵһֽÿֽʮףĿռס
ڴҪľǹɱǵĴǣֻҪСһЩǰ˵ķǲΣգ˵ļʻǻеġǣǲҲΣգǶǵһսķʩֱľҪȴ׺ݰٱˣСǣףǺˡ
ǽװǹ棬ѧܷ׼ȴû˿İգϾ൱ûܹ˿ѵ˫ֶǹЩš
˼ؽԼƽ˼һ£˫ֻͣϣֽñժȻһͷ״ϣٽñͷϣֻ¶һ˫۾ͱӡ૵ǿ·ɱʧ
ܿ죬һСʱʱ͹ȥˣ˴֣ʪϢ꽫ǹͷ˴⣬žע档
ܼĹ͹ľǰٵܷǳؼžֻܹ

ıһ˿ꡣ
໡·ңԶĵطһХ
໡໡໡໡ͬķХ֮˲˷
̱Ŀǹ˫ֱȶһĬ꣬ѵʼӴʱʼѵԼˮ׼׷ͬɣ


54 ֳѧϰ
໡
ڴзɿʻţһǺ֮ȴֻΣƽ˼š
غʼԼļ⣬Լļﵽѵ״̬
ͻȻзɱĴǣЩǹȻڶ԰мĲͬʮֵؾ޴ִ֫ʮֻһͳ嵽ĸǰǵٶȾȻҪ졣
ա
ָһ۰˳ȥһֻ˵˴ɲǼ䱻ɸӣ˵ϡ
ա
ͬʱеϵʿŴǿ𣬳겻ϵصŷŴӶӰǣЩǵĶ̫ˣ꾹Ȼ˵һοǹɱһֻ֮Ҳûɱһֻǡ
һȺȺǸţţʱ򴰻ǹܲãûʲôķӦʮֿ죬ЭѾﵽ˾ŵķӦѾԽ˳ˣڿǵĵһʱܹȻûд򵽴ǣȴҲֹ˴˵ǰ
ÿһ˵ͷ϶һʱڵ೤һʾϹۿÿˡ
ϰ೤û뵽ȿǹҴһֻǵľȻǳ̫꣬Ԥˣϲ˵ûϹ𣿡һ೤Ծ˵
ජʾ˵ǹð
ķӦǿ찡೤ʾڵĳ˵
ֻǷӦ죬ǱܵûĻһѵһ£һ֡
ʾһֻ׽˳һ˵˴ϣֻǰצץסˣһŴͷҪȴûͷ
ڷǳؾɥܹʱػһֻֻǣ˴͵ǰֻǣǹ˲٣ȴҲûдһֻǡ
ɴǹӽؿ˺棬ܹ˵֮צץԼȻӱȡһСͱʼǱԣ洢ĸֿγϡ
ܿҵγ̣γ̵˳γ̿
һֻ˵˴ڣţצųץ˹۾ɽеĵԣ̧ţһֻǵͷϡ
໡һҽУֻǱ߷˳ȥ
ϰ೤Ǹڸʲô
ཫͷ׼˳еĵԣһʱҲɿЦãʱǳ꾹Ȼѧϰ
೤ҲһĿЦã⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣȻʱѧϰҪսϣû˵ͱ˺˰ɣ
ֻǹĿγʱ䲢ҲһСʱҵʱ䣬꽫γ̿꣬˵ԣǹ۾һֻ˵˴ڣһֻצӲͣץţֻצӾıֻһľ룬ȴɽ۾·˯һ㡣
ڸʲôһ೤ʾϵĳ꣬ʵ
۾طųһ˿â˵ϰղſĿγ̣
ҲУһ೤Ц˵
೤¶֮ɫݳ֪̾˵ţֻץܹ˳ȣȫѴǵڣһ־
ֹʮУ۾͸¶һ˿ţ˫ֶǹȴӰɿصˣһֻǡ
ɣа̾ϾҪ߳˰ɣɾͶˣԼոһȴûʵϰĻᡣ
ϰ೤ЩԾδô˻ȥô磬ٻ֮һ·ҪܴǵĹ
ĿŴȥϽرأ˵ֻһֿܣǽһƬء
·һֱǴǵذ೤˵
ҲһƬոձʲôռ죬Щǲ׷˵ѵ̽
ˣһ೤ͻȻŵ˵
ԶųԳ೤ͻȻɫò԰ס

һҵĺŴӳһֻԳһְŴϵˣһֲһʧܵţǸʿץ˳˿С
ע⣡нش˳ڳֵԶųԳҪǿҪǿ𣬿𣡡
ſͲãȻŷһֻֻϷɿԾĳԳ
ô죿೤ʵ
ûа취˵ҪͱȰѴϵ˽ȥʱˣЩʿûһܹҴʱҲﲻæ߶Ƿ
顫


55 ̫
һֻԳ˳ͷȭͷݺݵش˾ǰĵ粣ǲǱ⴦ĸǿȷֻԳӵرŭȴû˿İ취
ʱѾֻԳΪǹ׼ΪֻԳǰ˵˴ϡ
ʮ侲ûʿĽźĻţ⵹Ϊ־ǿղڳԳͻȻֵʱ׼㣬ԳǰץһѡʱŵùǺǽȴûһ顣
ھ̷֮ӦΪԼǿ͸װݺݵһǹֻԳͷ֮һ䣺ǿǷһ
ǿķ£˰ȫϣһĳ׵侲ȫûʿĻңԺлŸղڵѧļռҪʼ
侲̬ڳ˵ЭȺͷӦȣóĽܿ졣һǹﱬ˳ӸտʼɬرϤʮ֮󣬳ѾܹбԾеĳԳ
ʮӺѾܹбԾеĳԳϵҪλ
һСʱ󣬳Ѿܹ׼ؽԾеĳԳһǹͷ
䣡
ྪȵغ
ǹͨʿʹõʱ䣬ǵҰоһ
ȴڿ۶ʱһۼգǵҰйһĹߣһһεģԽ֤ǿֵԽ졣
ֿǹķʡһַͬʱҲεһֿǹһ£ڿǹʱһߣױ˷֣ȴǲһĹǼһ㣬һǹ֮˷֡
ǣֿǹķʽһЩľѻֲܹճĵغղŵı֣ȫһ֣ôôϵʱڴﵽ˸ߵĳ̶ȣ
ĹΧʼˣֻԼΧڱԾĳԳǿʼԼҰΧڵгԳ
ǹǹͷ̾ͼڵʿѹұ߾ͯսԭڳʼĻ֮ͯսѾ侲ΪѹҵսĸоȻܹ䣬ǹҲʼ׼ҲʼΧԼұߴڵʿѹߵʿȻͯսڳİѹ֮ҲʼȶؿʼΧ
೤ضʾǿֱ仯淢չı仯Ǵӳ￪ʼģǳԼĬĬӰӰ֧飬Һͱ侲
೤໥һۣһ೤˵Ѿһ೤ã
೤ɫžȵĵǼǴ˰ɣ˵һֱװ
ҡҡͷҪװҲװóѧϰɣ
೤ͷһţĿٴʾͻȻһģָʾڸʲô
һ೤༱æҲʾȥʱʾеĳѾԭͨ׼׼ˣǰڵϣһʽ˫ǹͦúֱͷѾ뿪ǹУŴžɨţеǹĿƶƶָϵؿ۶Űһζιǹ˳ȥÿһι׼ؽһֻԶųԳͷ
೤˵ֻ۾ضʾϸع۲ųÿһ
ǿԼڷΧڵԶųԳұߵͯսߵŻ㽫ԼĿԼԱߵĴΧڵԶųԳͬӦһ㣬ҵѹ˲䶼ܶ࣬ԶųԳȴڼؼ١
ʱѾȫң·еǹΪһ壬ǹһָ֣ʹ
Ŀ⿴ģ;׼䵽ġ
׼һ೤ȵ˵
ʶĿʾڵĳ˵
ʶһ೤ɫһ㶣ȻĲţ೤㲻ǿЦɣǿǱܹġ
û˵ɫعۿʾڳĶ˫ȶǹĿѸݵɨŴ⣬ŤתţǹڱųŤתٵر任ŷһųָ۶ǹ˳ÿһ㶼䱬һֻԶųԳͷ­
ʶӦЭϣ˵
ʲôܣ೤Щʧ˵
ûʲôܣóʶЩʲô˼ʵ
ʲô೤Īʵ
̫ǧ̫ʡķʽһǹͷֱӵķʽֻŤתûġ


56 ӥ
ǧ̫ôܣ೤߽ͬ
ʶû⣬Ҳǻ֪ӿʼϰʽǳ괴ġЭҲû⣬Щӵܲһֱڹ۲ЭҪˣķӦ͸û⣬ܹԶϬţ׷вѰȫؾȳһܹɱֻԶϬţܹķӦԽˡųԽ˵ʶӦЭԣĵлţͬ꽡һ̫ǫ̃̄ʤһǧ
⡭̫ˣ೤ĿЩ롣
³һ˵һĴųڣѾʲôˣұһĴڡ
һ೤Ͷ೤ɫͱʮǿֻҪҲǹûܼѾ֪˽Ҳһһȥʿ
ʱ೤Ҳû˿취˭ҲûϵһƬͻȻԶųԳռ죬гϵʿζʧ١
Ը⣬Щʿܹɳ
ֹ˰Сʱڳ˴֣ЩԳԶԶ˦ЩԳû׷ֻ֣ڴֵıԵš
Ѹٵذťڵ˽ȥΧÿʿĸְҲתŹλ೤Ŀ⼱еʿ˹ȥ
ܹʮ˸±ŸҲŸ
ʱʿֻʣ˰˸һһˡҲʿȴֻʣĸһʿˡ
ŵʮʿʱ̱ϣɫ԰ףһƣһ˫ƣ
೤ȡҽΪʿˣʱѾͷ׺ժ·棬űƣ͵ӣȴ쳣˷ܡ
ӲǹǹǹͷرǹʱȻҵ̫ĸоСƶȡЧ
һʿʱѾ֪һ֮Ҫһ٣Ϊ곬˵ǹһڸмͬʱҲ˻ɣ೤˵ĵϼشûȥϹǹ
ʻڹ·ϣ·ûХͳԳĺһжֻҵķХڵ˶˯ˣҲ۾
ڶ졣
೤ӵ֪ͨûóȥܲͻ¼˵кܶʿˣ±Ҳʵ
͸棬ʱһƬƽԭشĴʮֿտͻǺɫġЩԶתͷͯսʵͯս˵ǲʱߴˣԶʱڵʱնԽ˰ɣ
ͯսҡҡͷ˵ǣֻǺһռԽˣֻǸռƺǵԶʱڡ
ͷ˵᲻һĳǵĸ߿ƼռԽӣ
˭֪أͯսһ˿ǡ
һڻؽӽĿȥװ׳һԿ
ڸʲôе±ʵ
һ೤һ۴װ׳˵ҶѴϣǵ˷
һ߽ϣһ߲һ೤
ǾͿ쵽ڶݶӵӪˣڶݶӵӪǰ߲ԶЩǰ߷ղǿװ׳Щֻصġ
˵һ೤վֵˣÿٵУҲҪǰæ
ڻʮ±񾭾һովĴ֮ս£һ֮սҲǵıüǿһĬĬǰУصԼλÿʼԼǹе
ӣǷԼҪѧĻࡣڴֵʱֻѧ˿ǹǹе֪ʶһƬհסӱһȡ΢͵ԣҳ棬Ѱǹе֪ʶγ̣ؿ
ǰ೤໥һۣϲ¶˿ЦʱǶ˳͸ոѧĿǹ֮һ±еĲ
ʱзɿţڴ֮ⲻʱػؿһɫװ׳ԼСʱǰͻȻǹ
ڵ±ɧһŴϿȥʮֻڿװ׳ǹһ
еﲻǷеٶȺܿ죬ҶʮֵÿһֻԼ׳չȴ׿ͷӥ˫צȴӥ׳˺ܶ࣬צϵֺ׷ŽĹη
һһﱻɸӣŵһͷȥ
ӥһ೤һŴһ˵Ĺʮ־ˣҪСġ
һְɣһ±ʵ
ǣһ೤ҡͷķ͹ԶԶȴǼӥܹġ
߿
ͻȻһУһֻӥͬһװ׳Ŀһֻӥٶ̫ˣͬһһ͵װ׳Ͽա
װ׳ϵǸʿ˳ڣͬʱǸϡ

ֻӥװ׳ϡ
֨֨
צĥǣڳ˵ҰоȻ˻𻨡
֨֨
ӥ˫צץ˹̶ڳϵǹ˫ٵȶȻǹץЩΡ
ǿ˺Ȼɫ
䡫䡫䡫
װ׳ϵֻӥҫĿ
߿
һֻӥѪ˼£յװ׳ĳϡ
߿
д߿ʣµľֻӥװ׳Ǵʱִӹ·ٵؿװ׳ԭѾﵽǾֻӥŭ


57 
ղűӥװ׳Բٴαƿϵӥʬ˵ϡǸʿѾЩεǹεװ׳ȡһѺͳһǹſ
䡫䡫䡫
ֻӥȺڵϣʿװ׳ǹžֻӥֲ˼ǹǰ÷ذпӥĸͳһſӥڵ
Զȥͯս໥һۣӶԷп˾¡һֻӥȻܹǹץñΣǿֲٶȡҪսϣûװ׳ķ¶ڴӥҰУǱɡ
ڸӵؼžˣÿ˶ڻŷŵľ󣬺ԼЩӥӦӦԣûĿܡ
Ȼ䣬ڵеʿע⣬е±ע⣬ǰͻƹԼһٶֻҪǵԮʱ׼ս
ڵȻÿ˶еǹ˽
ʱһֱڽĵ绰˵±ǣδǰͻƹӥȺƬֻʮװ׳ҪǵԮ֣صظǣǰսˣսظң²£
£ʮ±źԱҲǺʹغš
ãĿɨʮ±˵±ԭϢµİ˸ʿ׼ս
䣬һťһڳϴꡱ¶ʮһ׶ҲԶƵ˿׶֮£֣صغȵÿһռһ׶סӥʱҪʱ£ӥȿ׶öֻ࣬ҪǼʱ£겻ܵʱֻôһ˲ͻᱻӥץǵͷ­
ꡭ
һڿը죬̧ͷͨͷϵĿ׶ȥĺϣһ𶯵ע¡վϣ̽棬ֻĻߣտƽԭһƬ
ʱͬ೤Ҳվϣʮһ˽̽˳Զȥ
һٶڹ·Ѿͣͬһƽԭ֮ϣͣʮɫװ׳ÿװ׳϶߸һǹֱָ񷡣
עˣĻ˳Ũ̫ͣһҪСġ
߿
ԶӥУ
꽫ǹڳͷ׺״ϣٴǹ
ˣ
΢΢۾͸ĻԶĿȥע˿ֻܹӥзֱԼԽԽˡ
ꡫ
һգĿһҫ£һȺӥԶҰ
ǹûͷǹϣ׼ԶٷӥǽǹڼѳͷȫעԶеһƬĺڵ㡣
ա
ǰϵʿʼˣĹգͬҹе̻Ŀ
߿
дӰӿе䡣ǣǰǹҲÿеӥ湫·ϵ·
Ȼÿ೤µ±±ǻǵ͹ӥٶȣټĻŨȼͣڳĶ߾ధȻڼϢʱ䣬øղǹǼİЩ±ŵ˳ڼֿļЩ೤ϱ
䡫䡫䡫
װ׳ϵǹŭڳǹѾܹǹˣǾСڡ
ʮִĹ£еʮӥʬ壬ʱЩӥѾ˳Χ֮ڡ
Ԥո
顫
ǹھͱһϵĹ
ء
еһֻӥһǹͷûзһͷŵȥ
һ㶣һǹͬ˿һδ෢һǹھǹ
ա
ܼǹſȥ೤ȻܹǹǹͷȴҲܹӥǹȥҲܹһֻӥЩ±ǹͲ˺ֽܶ࣬ŵ£伸ûʲô
Щ˵Ҳһ⣬Ǿͯսһͬʯһû˿ı仯ǹֺȣЧʼֻ೤ѷһ
еĻȻƿֻӥٵų
顫
һǹһֻӥͷ
顫顫顫
೤ͬʱ𣬸ɵһֻӥʣһֻӥȴѾ˵ͷϣһֻӥצͷ­ߡ
顫
ǹðһ٣ֻӥͷ­ѿһͨһѹϣûҵϵȥˤ˳ڡ
꣡ͷų󺰣עⱣսѣ
ǣ٣
ػشţĻشеǹһ⣬һѪ꣬һֻӥӿе䡣
ٴδӳĿ׶̽˳ų꺰лл
顫ٴθɵһֻӥȵҪ˵עУ
ǣӦһǹȶ˺ܶࡣ
ս̷ǳضֻ̣ǲӵʱ䣬սǾⲻӵʱ䣬ʿȴһٶˣʮװ׳Ҳȥ֧ǹ
Ŀ׶ѾպϣһҶƣѾʪ͸ϣеʿѾ˯
ĿλϣʲôʱܹӪأѾмûܰʽˣʵһֱͣͲǰ
־һн֮һ磬ͻȻͣ۾


58 һѵ
³ϣȵ
˴ʱѾʼϰ˾зĹһѸٵشλվ˳ᣬѸٵжӣȻڸ԰೤ĺŹ·ǰȥ
ķӣе˶ڵһǰ漯ϡĿǰȥȿǰͣһֱܾȻ㿴ֱΧվŴԼٸϱǵܹظоǿҵɱ¾֮ǰһƬ֡
ܾܺǧ±ֱͦ˼жվֻкХķ紵·졣
һξֱߵ˶еǰ棬Ŀϵɨǧ±˵ʿǣǵǰһѵһƬֻ֣һǧס֣ͨʳ١
Ŀⲻһǰȥܣÿܴ׳һԶϢʱǧ±Ķиһ궯Ϣ
ǣӦøлЩϱǸξ˵ЩϱƬеϹٶˣʣµֻһЩСʳ٣ǵܹǵ飬ҲԻܡǵǴƬдȥʹȱʹ
еʿɫýţһ鲼ʳٵдԲһ׵顣֪ЩϱûаʳٶɾʣµĶСʳ٣һԼϣζҲԲܡ
һӪӵжסԺ䣬ǰʮԵõ˹ͬסԺ䣬ӵԼķ䣬µĴֵʿס˹õķ䡣ЩʳٲסǱϱǾľȥסĸ˵ķɣڣǵǹǵıУɣ
ξĻ䣬ͳ˳ȥõǰʮܹһסһԺʱо˾һҪõһŵܣܹõһԾסĻ޷磬޷ѸٵԼʵ
ڶųȥľͯսųǸξؿһ۳ͯսûм±˵ĵ
䡫
ʱе±Ӧ˹ȿֺس֡Ǹξֱתֱ˿УֵϿշȥ
Щ೤ʱЦǺǵغЩϱһظ˺档ǵǰЩʳٲסԼѲ±ȻЩ±Ҳֻȥסһķˡ
Щ±һͳսζˣ
֪᲻˿ް
ҵ뿴ûӣ
һȺϱ޼ɵطЦ
ЩЦѾˣѾܹ˿أ֡һ֣̱û谵ⱻܼҶڵð߲߰
һʵ۷壬⼫ȵػԾ¶Ĳܹ΢΢
н£ҽڵݺݵһ壬ǰӽ
ϲǣ
꽫̫ȭϲ˳߸˫Žڵ߲ͬһ֡
ųֵͯƤӳ˳飬ɿǰȥ
С
һֱܾϿշУֱϳ˼ʻԱ⣬ˣԸǸղǸѵξһһξʱǸξ·вʱֵĳӰЦǸ±
ԱǸξĿҲ·ʱֵĳӰƶǳ鶯һ£˵ⲻܣ

ڳǰһʳֱͬ۽ŵڲݴдųҽŲƶȥ
һٴʹϲǣʳٻδĸǰͬһع˹ȥʳ˦
꽫ȫ߶˼£ûһ˿һأȫֵľͷɱ
һӰٵӽͬһֻڵԱһҾֱͿշУ׷ڳͷϷ
ֱξξ˵϶¶һ˿֮ɫļٶڱ鲼ʳٵбܸһʮΣյľٶּٶһʳٵĹζܣѵٶȽеʳ˦ôܣҪ֪ʳٴĶ湥
٣±ҪһɵӣҪһ֮ҿܿͻᱻʳٹӡ
ξûȥ˵ξؿŴҶ֮䲻ʱֳĳӰǸֳһ˿ЦݵδأϹܣ
ţξĿ͸߲ҶعۿųӰȻʧϲǣ̫ȭ
ͯսżֵĳıӰĿһ˿ԥȴӱһѴ󵶽У˲佫ٶ˼£ųķ׷ᡣ

һʳٴӳĶմ˹ڵһţһʽ̫ȭебʽڸ߱бŷ˳ȥӭʳ٣ҽ˳ڵһ̤ٴʩչϲǼٵطӶȥ

ʳӭ˳ֻͬ߾׸ųĴȲ˹
żһ棬˫չһʽ׺ᣬγȥһ߻ԽһԹľʳ˦
ֱϣξ۾૵ҲУ
ʱѾףΧֵʳٿʼܼƾ̫ȭڼٷɱһʳ٣յԽԽѾ⣬ۿž봩ֲʮס

ڳǰĸͻȻʳ٣ųۿžҪʳһų˹ȥ
֡
ִ̽ӱǰٶû˿ͬʱ˫ֽĽ˫ۼ¡նȫһ


59 
С
ֱϡ
ξξ鲻Խս˫ȭĿڳϡ
ɰڴһ٣
ꡫ
һܼʳƿһ϶̫ȭеһʽŮ󣬼Ʈݵش˳ȥͷҲصؼǱŽߵ֮񱼶ȥ
ֱϵξξ³һ
һվͷͷȥֻʳѸٵػһƬಡƿֻ֮˲ھ͹ƽ
ֱϡ
ξξһۣо㶼¶ϲξٴοһ·ĳ꣬˵ͷӣ
ξ˵ʾ±ܲܳξϣĿ⡣
ξһµڶݶӵ±ڰɣ
ǣξƺʲôһ˿Ȼ
Ѿﵽڰ˲㣬̫ˣˣػأ
еֱǰȥ
ʱڵƵشڴŴһǧ׵ľԼǱܷӵ˼ޣʱˮͬϪһ
顫
һӰд˳վڳҡһ£һƨ˵ϣڴŴƫͷȥͯս໥ŶԷŴƵĴŴɡЦ˲ݵϡ
ڶݶӵĻԭǽǰߺͺ֮һ˲ָӪһ޴ɽȣԲ滷ɽͱڡɽȿڽͬŴһĺسǽɽȿڷһţܹѵĺ
Ѿס˺ܶʿЩʿϱǰ˵ԱҶָܹԱЩָܹԱѾͻ˺󷽣ưţӵȨΪΪˡ
ǰפ·೤Ľܣ֪ƽʱҵԱһƻָʿطǰߣһԱӽ쿪ʼжǧ±
±סأǧ˱ֳţԤһţԤšһһӪһࡣ
ŷֱռӪأȻÿӪΪλפأӪΪλ֣֮Ͳٵ֡ڵһռһӪĶ˶Ǿסĸһ䣬ΪԽʳɭֵ˵һԾסһԺ䡣
ʿĽĿУ߽ԼԺ䣬ֽԺŲϡȻԺмһԺ䣬ǰһ䣬Ŷᡣ
ܿ;ѶΪԼŴְѵĵطΪԼҩʵңΪԼϢĵط
תһȦǳ⣬ԡҶС˵ǳһ裬һûϴ裬ÿ컹Ǵ˶ѵͳš
֮˶ᣬǸְӴȡ˳һûѾȲˡһʱ䣬ʱ仹Сʱȫʱڳһֻرܰʽ
ùˮͷעˮȻ󵹽һƿҩҩȫں֮󣬳˽ȥʼܰʽ
һСʱ֮󣬳꼡ⶼƣزشӳ˳ſڵϢһӵʱڵˮŵֽս磬Ŵ·뿪Ժ䡣
ԺˬȥפʳóԷͬʱһ±Ҳ׷״ӷһ±ƣûɵģЩ˳극ȥ֮󣬾ͻ̵ڴϺ˯ȥ
ǰӪصһ±Ҳʶ˳ꡣÿγܵһ䣬һʳɭ֣ⲻܲ˴塣
׷׺ͳкҲػӦšͯս죬ǺͳһĪꡣ
ߵһ̸̸ЦЦʳȥʳڻصıｨһŷӣʳһʳʮܹʮʳá
ʮʳõʳ׶һҲȥʳãÿ˶ݿһзöǻӳǼڶݶӿʼ͸ÿ˵ݿעһ֣Ժÿ¶Զע붨Ļ֡ЩֻԱȴܳԺáҪԺãҪȥ׬֡
ɱȡڵȡ֣ҩȡ겻ȱ֣滹нĻ֣ȫԺá
һ˶һּڣҲǼСڴ󴦣ǾǹУΪ֮ԲϧԼССУÿһ࣬ÿţӪŵȶʮֵرš
һһٶ˶߽ʳð˲һԵһ߽ʳûһ߶Գ˵һ㣿
ģЦŵͷ
Ϊʲôôǿ
ôش⣬˴Խʳֵļ˶ͶöƤź켸һӾҪ¡
±ӣⲻӦĵطǵĵطǱߣ
˳Ǹ˵ָȥһſӣӵԱȴûһӣǸȥһһϱƨһӣͬʱһֻŻһӡʳеϱһռӡһˣϱҪЩ±һ
΢΢üͷﲻǺ󷽣Ҳǰ·ϣľӪǳΪһľˣѵľ֮仹໥
һԵͯսһ໥ֻҪָ߲ܹ˲УܡⱻΪʿսһַʽ
͡ǸϱЦһͯսһ±֪ĵǲ٣ôûȤЩ˲
ʱ򣬴ſ߽ϱţʱеһͳһƬ˿Ȼ˵˵ľ
ȷһϱ
ȷǸϱƬ¶ų˹


60 Σ
ʱЩ±ҲЩϱ˼ڼ֮ǰҲ˵Щϱһָ±һĴͳҲ֪ǴʲôʱʼγɵֶӵĴͳ
ǣһ˲ϱſѹȴһһٶ±֮˲٣һ
һٶվһ𣬷·һˣĿˣڵѪҺڷڣ۵ɱӡ
ſ߽ϱס˽ŲȤ˫
Ǹһֱڵϱǳ鴤һ£ЦЦ˵ô׼һϣԶ٣

λϵϱһվȻҲһٶˣһͷű뺷Ϣ
Եģϱ˲𰡣Щǰɳ̲ϣ
ȥһŽӸ߷ˣϵ롰ϱһ
ϱȫû뵽һȺ±ӻеȶ֣Ҳ±ǹͷӲƢҲǱȶ֣Լϵ
±֮Գ֮Ϊ±Ϊ嶯Ѫ˳֣̺ų˹ȥ
ϱŭˣֱ̫ԤˣҲ̫ϱˡ֮󣬻ϱЦ
еϱ̳±˹
䡫
˫ٶмײһӵӷһƬѵ
ֻǼʱ䣬Ӻ͵ӾȺ͵ȳÿʿеʳƹƹҵҳһƬ
ſڽϱһۣ¶ϲĿ⣬ĵųƽ˹ȥ
ոһŽһϱ߷˳ȥ͸оԼԺƿ֮һһ̫ȭебʽ˳ȥһתת˹
һʽܿһȭǿеӰȻڿһһصĴȳųͬһѵƿ˼Х
Էٶ̫ˣֻܹ˫۵ֵ
顫
һ·ĵص˳ȥԷԳĿһԷڵľ磬򲻿׻ԼȻֻһΪѾͨߵ˲㡣ϴǿ͸ķ£˫۾ԻڶԷ뺷һ֮·顣
Ǹӿµϱɫһ㶣ȫû뵽ԷȻܹԼһȣҪ֪ԼһʵһȵԴﵽǧ˰ٹٲ˵Էֻһ
ô
һӦֱԷ˫ۣȻ˳ƽԷͷ­Ŷ԰
﷢㶣һϱȴѾǰһȭƿ̥ͬѵľ죬һֻȭͷڳҰмٵطŴ
ֻȭͷԼͷ­ԼԴԻᱻ򱬡жȻһŭǾӲǰϱҪɱԼѾܹоԷеɱ⡣
ǶԷʵ϶ܹӲӡ˫ڿлȦһʽ̫ȭеƱա
顫
͸оԼСϴ˾޴Լ弸һ·źˡǣʱǸ㶵ϱȴѾ˹һγһȺݺݵسųԴ˹ȥ
һҪǳеĳԴǾԻ˲佫Դɵ뿪
˫Ŀһһ˲ƣһĴΪ˲ıӼεóƤʹǳڶԷȸոճԼǼ˲䣬ƶ˶ԷĽףͬʱһʽ̫ȭеתʩչ˳һץס˶ԷĽףηתָһۣ˫ֽ
顫
ݺݵؽԷˤ˵ϣˮѿ

͵һȭųϮһԼͬ鱻򵹣æԾǰһȭųĺԺ
һת˫˱ԼˤǸϱǸϱȭͷӭ˹ȥͬʱ˫ɿΪǸԼϱȻһԼ˹
顫
ϱԼͬ鱻˹æȭеǸϱݺݵײϣڵϹһš
˫ĿһܹоϱԲԼһҪԼɱﻹ֣Ҫȥ˻Ҹһȴſڴһȣס֣
ʳе˶ס֣ЩϱҲ⣬ΪſڴʱվһξɫĿɨˡ
Ŀɨ˭˭鲻Խصͷ
ƤֻǲһǲܹΪʿںֻµȱںеȱںڲϵȱҪΪξͱͨڣ뵽ͨڡ
ʱʳ֮ھʿҶµȱһξﻹûоη֮ģ˫Ĳʵ̫޴
ξٶ˶ٳ˵Ƕ׼Էҹȥ
ϱ±һͷȥҪɱϱ˳һۣûҲͷ˳ȥ
۾ϱıӰѸٵ˼š
ӦðԼŵϱҪԼһҲְ
ҪҪԼ
˭
˼תԼʲôˣ˵ԼֻһǾϵһǡ
ѵеһˣ
е˭أ
ͷ˼߳ʳãһսѡͨȺŹһսԸо˴˵ľ࣬Ѿʼˡ
ȴû˼ЩоһΣһвΣҲ˺شкҲֻЦŻӦȴһֱһΣ֮ȥЩꡣ


61 Ӫ
صԼԺ䣬üͷ˼ţɫѿԼĿף¶һˡڵʱҪȡԼҪΨԼʵ
ǣʵ̸װ
ǲϱȱԸԼֻҪԼӪУԸͲĿŵȱɱԼĻҲҪϾ·ͥдֻ̡ͽɱԼǲн˵дʧˣǱһҲû¶ˡ
ԼʵǶԷˣԼ̫ȭһͻȻϮ´ξûôˡ
ҪҪԼ
ǰҲԼÿҩҺϱܰʽһ֮ܲˣذԼ˹ȥԣԺҲûи
ǣڡ
˫͸¶ᶨĿ⣬ǽӶ賿㣬Ȼϵϴ˯
ڶ졣
賿㣬ӵ˯еĳ껽ѡ̷Ӵϱְȡ˳עˮҩں֮һҧҩҺ֮Уվڸְм仺ܰʽ
ĳֻܹܰʽĵһʽ͵ڶʽ򵥶ż˺ѰʹƤʽʱֻƤʹȴǼʹмĵطһʹǳҧϴţܹоʹһůԼļӵʵ͡
һСʱ֮ҩҺѾȫʧЧƣشӸְ˳ͷһ۸ְӣа֪ĵڶ᲻ͦȥ
Ϣһһʰͣӱ㹾ؽԼûгԣһͺóˡȻ˶֮ǰܹԱôﻹ
뵽磬ųӺ󷽻عĺܶʳƷȡһֻռص˷˺հװռͿʼ
ֻ˰ռΪһҪܹԱк˵ˮڴϢһʱѾ㣬𴲺š
Ѹٵش·˳ȥʱʿҲĲٳȥɨЩʿһۣвɰ͵ЦһʿһһɫһǶġֻг棬촽ϻſйռ塣
ͯս˳üۣ걻Īͯսʵ̲סʵͣ
ɫһ㶣һĨһ϶ͣ㼱æϵĨɾȻڨڨ˵ɶղų˰ռ
ͯսߵļ˵ð̹⣬ѳŵ̼ӿ˽Ųĺʣµİﰡ
ܿ죬һʿź˶У֮İϱվڶеǰʮңʮֿ࣬ǰϱаӦһɣܹһӦòڵʵҲӦڵʵ
еһϱǰһ˫ȣ˫ֱȵǵҽǼȻѾѾһսʿǰëǺӹҲǵԤһǵǵʿǣ֪ʲôսʿڣøΪǽ߾档
һǰһͬĲ˫ȣ˫ֱĿϵɨʿ˵ǵĸɡҸǽ档
˵ɵǸֳһ˿Цݵ˵ʳںϱˣϱǵĸҪǣɵĺã˾ҪԸ񣬲ܹܵ衣˭ǣǾͰٱشȥǣҪ֣صǣܿԣǲܹܹԷòָܹԵضȲзϣĻ͵Ͼ·ͥɣ𣿡
ףһٶػش
ص˵ͷ˵ÿ𴲣ѵ͸ֿγѵȱϯ򽫻ǽĴѵʮϨơҪľЩϸľȥԼ
䣬һ̧֣һװһСӣǿʼǰÿһСӡ
һСʱĳ֮󣬱ʱ䡣֮ѵ͸ֿγ̡γûκογ̣ǷǳȥѧϰΪ֪ϾȱҪսϻͱϤȱ
緹صԼķ䡣ոճ緹ЩŵûţʱǲʺģϳԺиֳͱĳ棬иֳһ˿顣Ѿ˾ӪˣҲӦøҸ绰ˡ
ȡ˵绰ʼĵ绰룬밴֮ɫԥһ£ջڽͨϰȥ
ͨ˵绰һ𣺡ꣿ
ң
Ӫˣ
һлðɣ͸¶ŨŨĹС
ţһжã
˳Ĭ˴ܹԷĺŮӻ治֪˵ʲôҲŮӵ֣رǻҲһ֮ŮʺͱҪȳǿò绨ڵų˵ҲżȴҲͷ
˵˵뿪֮飡ǱߵĻ̲ס˵Եشһ˿
겻ɵӣȻܹеæ뿪󷽻صһ̿ʼϸؽ
ŽţȫͶ˽ȥӳܵϬţԶžǣԳӥԽʳ٣ϱɼܡ
绰ͷǴľУеǣͬ绰һСʱ˲δعҶ˵绰


62 ڶ
Ҷ˵绰֮󣬳̴վְȡ˳עˮȻһƿҩϵ·ѹ⣬ȻҺ֮Уʼܰʽеĵһʽ͵ڶʽ
ϴ֮ʱʱЩ̣廹ûȫָƣͣ˵껹ûӦּ
ֻǹȥ˰ʧȵʹϮȫĶͷ˺ˮ̶ȫʼˮźˮĻڵʡ
ϵļ⿪ʼ䶯ͬƤϸСͬ䶯ٶԽԽ죬γ˺һɶڳγһһ
һһһһļʹó꼸ʡ
ҲܹȥһȥεͰ׷
ܣԲܣҾԲܻȥ
ҧأŬؽԼȫܰʽ⵱Уȥʹ
ʾ£꾹Ȼؽ뵽˶ڱܰʽ֮Уرøӵر׼彥ظһֻ㱵ĸоҩҺ֮вһˣǾһֻܡ
״̬£ļǿٶȻˣԭܹһСʱҩҺȻһСʱʮӵʱھʧȥЧ

³һŵһɫʱŸְˮϴȻ˳ʰûо˴غ˯
Ժϴȴûлѽ뵽˯״̬еĳꡣǸ˼ӣ뿪ˡ
죬ԭһ±ԷؾһкġûлӦΪȥʲôطϾӪʮִ󣬶ҲźܶศѵĵطҪҵһ˷ǳסŸϽȥμӱ뿪˳Ժ䡣
죬أ
һصһĲٳ㿪ʵͯսҲĿ˹
ҡҡͷû֪ȥˣ
ͯս˵ͷǾͲˣ糿ʱٸ
һһ˲±˷Цʵν˵ֻһ㣬ҲǱŰķݡ
ͯսɫһ䣬ҲǸŭĿӡ
˷˰ֵҲң֪ǹܺãٶȺܿ죬ֻһҲʵ
սͯսȷʵҲûмϴʳڴһͿҲûעꡣͯսҲֻһûг˷Ҳûбͳ˼ұ㿪ʼ໥ս
һг궼֪һֱ˯˻ƻŴӴվ˵ϴһ̫ȭоԼ̲ص˲٣ϸһ£ٶȴǹȥࡣ
͸¶ϲúͼᶨҺ֮һΡֻܹӿʵԼİȫҲܹһõϡ
򵥵ϴһ£·뿪Ժ䣬ʳȥʳõ·ϣڽͷһͯսˣվס˵ǡ˳ĸǰڳļϻһȭ꣬ȥˣ
ɫһҲûȥ
ɫҲһ㶣̶һ˿ҶĿ˵ʵǲܵȥŮˣ
˵˵Цá
Це˵ˣҽȥ˺üӵţ㶼ڡ˵˵ûǸŮ
ҡ˯û
˯ͯս𣿡һߴŹһߵļ˵𣿡
еҡͷĿһӵģ
˯ίر׵
ˣˣ֪˯߹첲ڳļϵǸǸ缸˯ûǸŮ
ߵذƵһߣһԼ˹Ц
ʳ£һ߳ŷһţͯսһŹϵ⣬ͷҲ̧ر߳ű˵꣬һԷ֯һαȫͲһˣÿԣ
ϼһ£ȫһٶˣȫҲüҵʱ䣬ÿķʱ䣬ڷҡͷ˵ҾͲμˣҲֻ֪һΪǱҲŰ
ͯս˵ͷҲͷŷʹ
صԼķ䣬Щŵûţᣬҩ豸ȡ˳Ȼʼҩ
һҩʱҲȥ˽Сʱ꽫һжȻص˶пʼҩҺܰʽ
ϴεľ飬ܿͽԼͶ뵽ڱܰʽ֮УһСʱ󣬳۵ֻſڳӱϣһ㡣㻺˰Сʱʱ䣬žԼܹˣԼųϴȥȻ˳һжʰȻ˴Ϻ˯˹ȥ
Ӫǻȵģÿѵ͸ֿγŵģĲٳϣÿ±ӶԷ֯˱ÿٳ϶ϵغ֮ǣȴϢͶ뵽Ŷʹ֮С
ʹൽ˵ӭϲáͻڵڶ㣬͵͵ܵӪѵڲһԼʾϵظѾﵽǧٹ
ѾԶԶس˾ɰ汩ܰʽڵڰ˲ɰڵڰ˲ǿҲǰ˰ٹͳİٹҲ˵ƾͿԺɨڵʿ
ǾҲŲࡣɰߣǸոͻƵڵҲǧ߰ٹҪȳٽ
ڳͻƵ˲䣬ľһӾͻָ۷״̬һжʰ̧֮ͷӵģȥٳϿԼսѱȵΡ


63 
˲ٳ֮ȴֲٳϸûмˣץһʿһʣ֪һıѾͯս˵һΪһı
ͯսӮһĳƺ֮мͯսȥȥǹˡҲЩ⶯ȥ
ʱţ
ڡ
һ±ʿԶ˫һŭ𣬴ʱͯսַ˲˷˷Ǻͱǿ׶ѪҪȥͯս˷ߵעŶһһ׾ŵ׳Ǹ׳Ҳעͯսӹһ˿мһıͯս
ͯսһûǼᶨǰһϵƶȻ˳
ͯսƣԷǸֻǲмһЦͯս˵үû㣬˳ңøǣҴ趼ʶ㡣
ԭͯսݱǹҲǹֻʣһң˫ӪǿΪ𣬽İ취ȻǱ䣬ͯսı³ȴû뵽˷һӵʱͱԷÿڱǳѪ
ͯսĻһ٣һģҲǺͳһ𻰲Ŷһ£ҲҽڵϺݺһ壬ˮĳ飬αڵһ˳ȥ
һȭȻȭӰ˲䵽ĸǰĿһȭӰֲĸĸǼ٣Ҳ塣ͯսȭȻԤϣĿǽ֣ڣΪ߻ܹĽ֡
Ը㣬̧һֻ첲סԼһִֻų̥ưƿ֮ͯս
ͯսĿһֱһȭӭȭͷ˹ȥȭӰؿڵʱȻϳһȭӰ
䡫䡫
죬һͯսȭţһ֮ȭͷӲ
˫嶼ź浹ˣ䵹һ󳱺죬˲ָֻȻͯսǵ岽΢زӲ˿ͷ
顫
˫Ŀŭײ㣬ûгԹĿһ׾ŵͬһֻһسͯս˹
ͯս˫ĿһУͻȻԾʱѾ֪ǰ츳˽֣˵ķ̬ĹѾڵڰ˲ļޣʱѾӽǧ
ͯսֻνһʮᣬŽ֣ˣȻͯսϵĴͯսϵĴķӲͦͯսȴͯսֵܹģغͯս㱻ӣѸٴӵʱ򣬱ǿѾѪ
ʱҵźܶΧһŴӴ˽㿴ӵȺŵͯս
ɫһ㶣ٵſȥ
ʲô꼷±õĻͷǳ⡣
ȴôǣ˵ǧٹӲѸٵؼһͨһſڣЩ꼷±ûзŭ¶˾졣ʿϰ֮ˣȻӸղŵӴио˳ǾԲֿܹģĿⲻ˷ӳֱӿҾܹһȺ±һкϷˡ
ʲô£
һ۾ͿͯսոմӵϻѪͯսͷһ۳û£
䣬Ҫȥȴ꼲ǰһץסͯսͯսһ£û֣¶һ˿⡣ʱѾľԵ˵˳ɿͯս֣ǰһŶѾսҸСʱϢʱ䣡
𿴳˸ȴһ֮ˡɫȻ˵СʱϢʱ䣬оһܹȻԷϢʱ˾Բһ˻ԣҲûгǿǺ˼һϢ
ֻһӵʱʹվߵ˳ǰ˴ܹףĿصų䣡
һ꣡
ɫһ㶵Ǹǹ֣
ӹһ˿ЦݵôҪұǹ
ҡͷûôɵ
˵˫ǰգ˫дһ󡰸Ըԡų˵һǾǹҽ쵹Ҫ似ǲǺǹһ
Ծ֪ˣ국˵
꣡ͯսƺŽһ似
ȻһЦǽ֣Ҳ¸㣬Ȼֻڰ˲㣬ҵѾӽǧ
ޣ
۾̷ų˹âԷֻԼٹҶԷķԽͬײߣ⻹һö֡˷ҲĿ룡
룡Ҳ˵
֣
ԺѸٵֳϿĶԽֵ̬ܹһӵĹâǰһӦֻڰɣ֪ҵܲƿĽ֡
ʱȴһ㶣Ϊ˳꾹Ȼڳһ̫ȭʽ
Ҫʲô
꽡Լս
˫Ŀһ˿ŭ˳꣬һ˳ǰһ˶ȭͷڳмٵطŴͬһֻͻ¶˷ųźХ
򻢾Ҫ乭仢
ѡ˺Ӳ̫ȭеһʽ乭仢ȭ˳ȥƿͬױ졣


64 Ҫѵ
顫
˵ȭͷݺݵײһ˸첲ϵľװĵͬһشż粿ӿȥ
һ£һ
ֹȻ̬Ŀ˷
ɫȴǰδеҽȻڵһ壬ӴȻһ׳ĳͬһһسųɨ˹
̤ǰһһʽ̫ȭеĽХűĳȥ
ء
ȭݺݵײһ
˶ͬߺˣ˾롣
˷ųԾ۾૵˵˵ֻһΪ𣿡
ͯսҲԾ۾֮ǰһָоǳʵԲֹһ㣬ȴû뵽ôǿ
ͳԺ䶸Ȼϵļһ¡𣬽۷壬ų˹һʽ˫ƴƱ
Χۿ˴ʱͼǾܹ򵽳áһʽ˫ܹ裬Ūûóض𵴡򲻵˳ǰ˽걧סĽֽס
˫һһԼʵĶ׵˷ǰһ̤̫ȭһʽҰףǧٹ˫ۣӭ˫
ء
˵첲ײһܹؿ첲ڼسͬĸײȻһ
˫۴һʹȴʹϲ걧סȴû˿ͣ٣һʽҵŽţݺݵϥϡ
ƽŷ˳ȥ䡱һˤڵϡ
ѸٵشӵȴһּˤŲʣղųһȻûнȹؽ߶ϣҲ˲ˡ
óʮ־ȣԼǧٹڶԷϥϣȾȻûжϣֹȻͬ졣
Ѿʹ˺ˮȴҧһԣ˳һۣݺݵص˵ͷǿ
ãԷҲǫ
һսģ
ʱ򣡡
⣬һԸɵ˵ʵѾƽˣĵϲдһ𣿡
ӦòҲ˵Ҳʲô츳Ǹһ
ЦûȤ֣
ɳһ£ҡͷҿѾʹȫҵĶ֣û˼
ҲЦ˵Ҳǣ
ʱʿѾ˳ңڻ
뿪ݣӵӪȥ˵ɣûȤѵǸꣿ
ɫһ㶵˵ǵѵ
ţЦݣ˵
ɳĬȥ˾ôĬĬһΣҡҡͷҿˣĳ츳ֻųʼ׶ֳܹƣŴҵΪҲʧˣذ׷Ǹˡ
΢΢üͷѰ˼һǾǸ겻һ㣬츳ô򵥣ҲڽһĴڡ
ʧЦ
ûЦ˵ɣҾѵս侲ɱϬһˣһɣ
ջҡҡͷ񶼿ڵڰ˲㣬ҪĻúһҲܹͻؿڳΪξ١ѵͲ𣿡
룡ɵصͷ
㻹ʱȥѵꣿɲ
ҪͻƵξټ̸ףһζҲǰ취ѵһ³Ȩľˣ˵ͻˡ
ɿЦҡͷһ˰ֵˣȵѵ似һʱ俴
ͯսһСʱǹһеˡҾ˶飬صӪأҲȥͯս￴ھסĴԺڷ˺ְܶӣ̾ͷӦ˹ӪֻҪҲĴԼԺðǸְջˡ
ոջصԼԺţϴŴ򿪣ɫһ㶣Ѹһ
һ֮Ц˵ǽȥ˵
ǣ
˳ķ䣬һˮֱվĸǰ
ȵ˵
겻֪ʲôǻĶ棬ͦñֱ
꣬ݵıҿˣ
촽䶯һ£ȴ˰ֹסû˼úܺã
ӱЩԺ﾿ΪʲôѵΪ˱Լ
ԻЦˣ꣬ҺܿǱҪÿ쵥ѵ似ô
ѵң
һӾˣԼʲôʺˣȻŵѵԼһ˶еϡԼľƽ˼
һѵõĻᣬһþɳϱܵѵԼԼ似ϻһͻͽͻơԼⲻ似ԼΪֻ̫ͣڶ㡣ѵƱػᵢԼܰʽǳ겻ܹܵġ似ҲֻǸʵΪ
ٴοһۣзɿšҪгѵԼûʱ䡣緹֮ԼϢСʱͿܰʽټ걩ܰʽ֮ԼҪϢСʱ˴֮Сʱʱ䣬ǲ֪᲻ӦԼҪ
Լܹ󣬺ѵҲܹŹô룬˵˵ҧҧЩڨڨ˵ÿ춼Ҫܰʽֻ㵽ʱ䣬


65 
ֱӱ˵ˣĵôˣһѵ꣬ɲͬ⣬Լѵ꣬ҪǷڱ˵ϿѾϲȴǺԼѵԼ
ǳɵҲǡһ߲ܹר似ȻҪΪرǳΪ¡ţͻȻ˳Ϊʵ꣬һ㣿
꼱æҡͷҡͷ۾һ˵һ㣬ҲӦڰ˲Ŷԡ
Ҹոͻˣڶ㡣˵
ʲôϴһ£ֻڶ㣿
ţصͷ
ǡʲô츳
ûУԴҡͬһ˹ġ
΢΢üͷʵΪʲôô
̬̹ȻΪѾʽϽˣûʲôġ
ʽˡ
ʲôԾشվǿһƵصųꡣų³һϣһüЦģ
οɼ񵽱ˣ
ȻܹʽôԾ;ԲͣӦúܸߡͶһӰ
ǸҩҺְʽǸꣿʵл˿˿塣
ţ˵ͷ
̫ˣһĴվѵ㣡
䣬㱳ˡȵ߳˴ţһЦͬһջ
ԺŲϣҡҡԴоԼһ㡣΢ϢһֿʼҩҺܰʽʱѾͻƵڶ㣬ܰʽʽ
ٶΪһΣܹܰʽУѾԭʹĹ̻ϲõĽóӵŬ
һСʱ򣬳ӳƣ˳Ѿﵽ˼ޡÿνԼ˼ޣȻóǱھøӵؿٺͳףȴҲóƣ͵˼㡣
˴Ͼͽ뵽˺˯֮С˯Щ磬Ϊٰ֪ѸְҲûʰͽ磬ɵ˯ʱڲĵӾ˹
˿Եӣֱ۾ȴ˯ţӴڴѰ˼šԺв֪ظֳеǸʯһ뵽硣
վںӵĶ԰ŶȥǸߵʯһֱǳ֣Ϊʲôʯ϶ҩΨʯֻСҽڣô֣
ӱȡһľߵľŵĸǰľ̡֨ѽ֨ѽҡϳһֻ죬ųһһϡ
һֽһľӽľŵľ̿ʼ׽һװľСͱ첽ܹľţ˳ʯ֮С·Ǹʯȥ
վǿʯĸǰǡҽڣ֣ϵɫòճĿʯ֮ϵǿ֮ϡ
ɫֳԥرüᶨһֻʯ֮ϵǸӰȥ
ˡ
ǰһٴܹΧ״ʱԼһ֮ǰ뵽ʯһĿռ䣬ֻռ˸оһЩ
ԣ
ͻȻһռڸоһֲͬûм
ͻȻƮһȭͷСӣǿֱųüĶٶȼ죬ǿһӾʹ˳üġ
ڳԺǿӺȻѣһѶϢǵóʹꡣһҪ뿪ռĿֻһ˳Ǹռ䣬æɿ˰ʯ֮ǿӵ֣һžҵʹۣһľȥӸľһľ࣬ʹöܹľţĬȥ
ص˴ϣһ˹ȥ
ٳѾʼˡҪγˮһ㣬Ϊڶûпꡣ
аСӣϻ˵Ҫѵ͸ȱϯ
һԵЦеظӵߣ¶˾ģһһҪúýѵһ١
֮±Ƕȥ緹ߺߵ˳Ժǰ顱һԺһŸ߿һһ߸ȵ꣬СӸҳ
ûҲû˳һ߽˳ң㿴ڴϵĳꡣ
˯
ϵұģǰһѽӴϸץһ̸о˲ԣģĶû˿Ӧ
ɫ࣬طŻ˴ϣػ꣡꣡
ûлӦָڳϣֳû⡣ĥų꾿ôˣ
ѵʲô
˳꼸£γһ˿ӦƤ˶дϲæ꣡꣡
͸оԼƤǧأʹȫؽƤ촽߶µڷ
꣬ôˣ
ҡ졭ۻˡ
ŵɫһɣֻۻˣú˯һͺãûгͺáСӻùɫȴʮ꣬ҪУͺúϢһɡǵѵ쿪ʼ
ûֻ¶˸мĿ⡣
վΣɲĵʵ꣬û£
û£ѵ˵
Ǻðɣˡתȥߵſڵʱ򣬶ס˽Ųű߻ˣԼޣ
䣬ͷҲص˳ȥֻ³ڴ¶һ˿Ц
سɫ࣬۾ʼԺеѶϢ


66 
ͨǸѵĹ֪һʮ־Զ磬һȫû֪Ѿ硣Ǿ²֪жǰһε
ǸУһƼ߽ӳ۷ǸĿƼҲҪɵѡ
ԽǸеһҩʦվǸе۷ڡȴһ޴ıı֮ȴѾΧһɽ֮СɽУһһ߻ɱ׷ĵˣÿɱһˣͻǸ˵ղеһʯ֮ڡ
羿ʲôѶϢвûнֻ֪͡ԽһЩЩ׷ɱЩ˵Ĺ֮⣬ЩѶϢ֮иһƪԽԼĹ
һĹ
ԽĻ˵һҩʦͬԶΪһʦΪƸƷҩҪǿľȥƿغͷ
ѵɱЩ˵ľȡ˳Ǹʯ֮ڣõЩ˵ĹͨȡЩ˵ľﵽĿġʮ꣬Щɢʶֻ˿޵Ϊľ
ԽԼһƾЩѶϢǸ֮ڣҲͱ˴ľ껹ܹõЩѶϢ͹
ϢԽϣõеܹΪ滹һ˵֡겻пЦʮ꣬Ǹͻҷˡ
۾ƲǸԽӦˣȴƮʮʷӱԼżȻõ
ʱѾƪĹһ飬ڵľҲϸ˵һż꽫ڵԽĹһȽϣŷڵľֻԽеƷһԽϸ
ԽУΪƷƷƷͳƷÿƷ֮аŸȼ
ƷֻﵽƷżʱͻῪٳʶƷ
ϥƪ
һоһһûпסʹӡˡһֲһ˹ȥ
ԼľȻɵԽƷһ뵽
ͣ΢˼һ±ЩסӦԽµƾǸĪĹؽԼľˡ
һ£дϲ˹̸оԼľڲϵһٵļ弶һֱͣ
۾Ŀȥһ豭㽫͸˳ȥǸ豭ҡһ£ƮճڿĴɶ
˵͸Ѷ̽뵽УȻǸӳл̾ϢţԼٳʶͿԽзԼʶУǸʱԼͲñ磬ƾͿԽͽȡ硣
еĺӣ¶˿˿飬һֻظǸӡֽӴ򿪣¶ѰƴСĶ̽
һԿһѶ̽ÿѶ̽꽫͸ճѶ֮̽ϣ̱оѶ̽ͬԼֱһ㡣
һѶ̽ˡһӺ˳ڳڷռ䷢̽ƿյļ֮
̽һ۴ߵӣֲʮӡԼһ٣ԼͲȥˡ
ǽȡһЩհװʳƷ˶ӣȻܵһСʱҩֿ֮ʼҩҺܰʽһ鱩ܰʽϿʼܰʽǿʼ
뵽֮УӸľһľ࣬Ȼһ·ߵǿʯ֮ǰְʯ֮ϵǿӵ档
ˡһ뵽Ǹӵ֮СԽѶϢУ֪﴿ľ﴿ľԼľ硣
֮£֪˶ʱ䣬оԼԺЩʹŴ˳뿪硣һ۴ߵӣȻѾҹʮһࡣ
ǣҲΪո˾ԵʣȻʢһҲڴһ´·˳ȥ
ʵ˯ţȥߡ
ӪȻϨƺţȴֹʿҹֻҪ糿ܹزμѵУͻܵĳͷϾЩʿߣ˭֪ҪʲôʱһϺ͵Щ沿ӹͬ
ؾߵ˾ӪĴſڣſҲֵڵʿֻҪҲǽϾֶֻһʿһûеֵڵֵʱ򷢳
ֵʿ˳꣬еһʿųĵ˵СӣʱȥСһˣ
΢Цŵ˵ͷ뿪˾ӪûĿĵתʱ˯ţǵһҪĴ
ǰһƬֻ֣Ź˼ɵģرһϡֵֻ澭ҪȥǰһȥȴͻȻ˴д˴صĺ
ĺë̾͵ĵʮĿضǰ֡
һӣ
ӣ
ӣ
˼ԼǲǷؾӪǺͣԭء
ֹȥ˴Լӵʱ䣬ûʲôгǴصĺҲʧˡ


67 ɫ
ŵ΢һ£ɫ΢ԥ֮ؿֻҵʱִصĺһδд˳
ҹ紵˲
վԭδȫ䱸ǶҲֻǴصĺҲûĶ˵ʲô
ҧҧĵǰһеĺӵش
ͣ˽Ų΢ȥ˼룬ǰһ̴һͺǵͺг˵⡣
ֹͣ˽ŲʱѾȷһĳҲӦһȺһ򲻿ֻһͺ
ʲôǰ˹
Ϊʲô˳
һѵˣ
겻ٹ˼ɣѸص˻ȥȻɱһʯֻ֮һ飬ȷˣŷɿؽ뵽磬Х͸ǰȡ˳Ƭַɱ˻
һƬ̴֣洫˳ĵͺͺ𣬳зһϲֻ֤ﻹûߡԼɱڵܹһЩ֡
ͷ˳ĹâѰŲʱĵͺؿųĿĵͺԽԽڳҰп˲ԶһݴҡΡ

ֳСһһؿǴԹľ
顫
һӰǴԹľѸݵԾ𣬳ų˹Ĺâؿһֻ˶ͷŷʺҧ˹
걾ܵһ˹ȥ
ۡ
ǷһѪӿе䣬ͷǴӳµͷϷ˹ȥĿзֳ˵ϡ
µߵͷǵĸǰһͷ޴İɫǣϳ˳նһ⣬źܶ˺ܹۡһЩ˺Ѿ治֪ͷǾôֻڵġ
ڰɫǵͳһڵĹâһֳµɫеڵȻһĽ׵ڵ֤ͷԼɱİɫһֻĽԳʵĽǾһ
ֻɫѾǰߵЩʿòһϢԼһˡڵŽ¶תǴԹľȥҪﻹ᲻ʲô˵
ߵǴԹľǰСؽľľеĲݴһֻոճСǡ
̾ˣղűԼɱͷһͷĸǣһͷҪ̵ĸǡǰߵʿϮͷĸǵȺȻͲ֪ôܵС̡
꽫ڵϣӣֻСץУָŪֻС̺סָš
ɫԥ֪ԼǲӦһС̡
ء
СصؽţΪûдӳָʵ̶ί
ָֻСΪԵú궯һ͸˳С̵ɨţȥοֻС̡
ԾǣȻӾеõֻС΢ĻӦһӾС̵˼˵ҶԳľһǿҵ
겻ЦһֻСǰˡһ˵˵۵һοͻǸﵱ衣СȻû۾ȴԼľ˽ҪӾҪһ
Ҳܹ
ͻȻͷһĽĺܹԼĻɻԼһð֡
ץСǴ뵽УСǷ˲ݵϡȻǸĽڵŽһСͱ档
ȻͿʼԼҪСǰ
СҪ̰ɣ
ԼƿҲûаӪҪһҲ򲻵˵ԼȥƿЦ
룬ִǸСͱаǸĽڵȡ˳ȡһѶ̽ýڵһСףҺ忪ʼ˳꽫ǿڵŵСǵĸǰǸڵĿ׶׼졣ǸСֻСȽǿڵرסǸڵϵĿ׶
Сܹԣ룬ͷųСǵɨţˣҪҵ
ڷͷһֱǸСǳԱ˯˹ȥջ˾ֽҪǸڵȴСһСǵֻŽǿڵ
ЦؽڵСһ£濴һǿڵ֪һŷڵаԼҪȥһЩԵڵˣ
뿪磬žӪɿȥСʱ󣬳صԼԺ䣬ߵӣʱѾ㡣·Ҳûѣɵ˴ϣؽ뵽硣
ӣ
ӵϴһ±뿪ԺŲٳȥ
ѵ͸γڽжȹ緹֮󣬳̷Ժ䣬΢Ϣ˰Сʱ㿪ʼҩҺܰʽ
ҩҺиһʼ̾͸о֮ǰĲ֮ͬǰǰ͵ʹԵظоԼܵʹ֮һ
ô£
һţһ˼šԼԼظоԼľйأԼľԼҲˡҩҺҩЧ½ˣԼԼܹӵʹ
ֱֽӽǳбܰʽٶ֮һʹһδﵽͼޣͬʱҲóΪٶٴ֮һ


68 ̫
һСʱ󣬳ƣشҩҺ˳ҲûʰЩҩҺֱ˴ϢΪٹһСʱҪѵøϽָ
洫˽Ųɫһ㶣ԼԺű߻ˣԼûüޡһߴӴո߳⣬ʱվԺмĴš
棬һ
Ϣ΢ЦŻһ
ոϢξͻȻٵط˹һ˶ȭͷڳҰмٷŴ
æ֮һʽ̫ȭеƱա
顫
һɴϮĵʮվסΣŶȥ
û׷꣬վ˸ղųվڵĵط˫ۻػţ洫Ըԡ졣
꣬Ӧղ͵Ϯ㣬ʶһʲô沫ɱ
ڳҰУ˲ͷųһ⺷ϢϢһѪȣʱڳĸоУԼͺһֻޡ
꣬ƵģĵȾҪѹס֡ҲҪѧҵƣҲк֣ܶеգеᣬҪ˳ԸȥչƣԸںϵһ
Ըںϣ
һ˿һԸֿ֮˾Ӧ𱬵似һԸ侲֮˾Ӧ似ֻܹԼͷͨӳ似ǿǣԼʲôԸӦʲô似
꣬ҵĵǴСʱһֱڡԸڴֿ֮žϸŰֿȴǱ˵̫ȭ˳̶ȡ
ԻģЦҪƬȥ̫ȭ̫ȭǧȴԱƳֵģҲ˵̫ȭ˳ƶΪȴƶΪͻıڶԷڵϡ
˳˼
ǰ̫ȭȫ˳ƶΪ˳ŵ˵ĹƶߣǾͻԶԷǣűߣҲǿһܣҪսʤָܡ
Ҫսʤ֣ؼǱġȻ⡰ľҪֻǶԱȵ˵ĵҪ١ͻȻƶΪԽǿ˵Ĵͻӵǿҡ
ȻʣһֱԼ쳵ͷǽõָ㣬éٿ
̨꣬ϵı䣬õĶ̫ȭҲΪ̫ȭʺԸ㲻𲽽׶ξҵȷ·ӣ˿ȴǲ
겻ЦԼѡ̫ȭΪԼģҲûѡ
׼𣿡ڳһ̫ȭʽǾ̫ȭ֣

ƺ˷Ʋת֣ӯǰͬһֻƺףսȭڲȭͬˮսתڱۣȭ
顫
һ˲Ȼ˿̫ȭ
󳷲Ȱڱ۴֣鲽־̫ۡȭơ
顫
ӾȻ뿪˵浹˳䵽֮һ·ˣѪӿʮֵܡ
ԣ
һӯǰܣʽ̫ȭ
ʱ֮Ϊ֮ǰĺһξ롣ǰ̤ƣ֣ϲƣǰ
̫ȭƱա
顫
ַ˳ȥκ󱳺ݺݵײǽϣ˵棬ؿһƣ
ԣ
ǰ֮ǰһģһٶȸ죬㡣
˫Ŀ΢Уǰδеļ֪нԼľȻֶٶһ˿˫ȴǲͣƲŰƣ֣תಽۣ๭ۡ
̫ȭתۡ
Ĺҽݺݵǽײȥ
ǽϣҽΪᣬһʽת˳꣬¶һ˿ζˣ
ȻֻǿٵļУȴóһֶĸоѹ̫ˡ
̫ȭо˳棬ӭеʽһҪѡãҪΪıܡ͵ú˼һ¡
䣬㱳߹˳ߣԺȥ
˳˼ôվԺм䣬̫ȭеÿһÿһʽԺвס֣һһʽʽ𿪣Ȼϣٲ𿪣ϡ
һֱ̫ɽŴ˹ɫѾʱ䣬ȴЦݡ
̫ȭľ˽һ
ص˷ȡһЩʳƷոһ٣ȻϼƻԼδ
ǾҲҪһ鱩ܰʽΪ꾫Լ˯ţܰʽȻ˯賿ʱԼܹ;
ȥһСʱҩ֮󣬳ֿʼҩҺܰʽھ׵ؽ뵽Աܰʽе֮УΪٶּӿһ˿ҩҺбܰʽٶҲһ֡
һСʱ󣬳ҩҺ˳΢Ϣһӣ֮ҩҺʰһ£ߵͽ硣
賿㡣
걻ӻѣ뵽֮УͨľţǸʯ֮ǰְʯϵϣ뵽ӵ֮С
һ뵽磬̸о֮ǰĪʱѾ֪ĪǾԽЩ׷ɱɱ֮󣬳ȡľѾΪΪⲻһ˿ʵľǳ֡


69 ǵĵһ
翪ʼ˾ڵľ̫ӴˣٸǸиֵľСһ˿˿ȡţ˿̰ġֻ֪ҪԼ΢̰һͻᱻЩŨľű߰Լ˰׳ա
ֻһСʱ͸оԼ˼ޣѸٵ˳硣Ӹľһ࣬߹ľšͷһǸľţϵѷС˺ܶࡣľһľڵʲôЧ
˲Լ뷨ƺֻĽϲڵ
Ľ
ֻɫֻһ⡣ƾԼʵĽֻ·һǲҪˡ
ֻСǰ£ǸСǿڵšͷųͨţһһͷųԼˣҪҵ
ء
С̷Уڳľиоʮȡ
С̴һʱ䣬뿪硣ϴһ֮վԺͷβش˼̫ȭоԼ̫ȭԽԽ
֮󣬺˵ˮ𴲺ŵ뿪ԺŲٳȥ
һĳѵ͸ֿγ֮󣬳صԼԺ䣬ҩҺһαܰʽ֮󲻾ãͰʱԺ䡣
ָʱ䲻ֻһСʱ֮Ӫصռȥ̫ȭ
ռ䣡
˽һôγɵһֿռ䣬һͬȫλġ
һҪѡüñô˵ҪǼ߱
ռȴǲͬȫλǼ߱ҲⶼܵѹȣƤ⣬ǣ裬࣬
뿪ˣûǰȥռ䣬æȥӪصĽ״Լ߻ţȻֹʮľһ࣬ʮһԵࡣ
ľΪ˹ڵľõģŸСǳԵġ
ֶ׾ÿ׾ĿСȴխխζ׼Ż͸Ѷ̽
ڿӵĺһܹС¶ԺɫޣҲܹȡ
صԼԺ䣬СʱԺžͱ޺ˡ̽ԺŲϣȻ뵽֮УЩഢáȻֶСǵߣǿڵֻǱС֮һ뿪硣
뵽֮Уÿ賿𴲣뵽ѵһαܰʽȻָ㡣ٴһαܰʽ֮ϴϴ˯
ˣ˳Ӫĵڶµĵ죬ͻƵ㡣ﵽǧİٹ
ȱܰʽͻƻǾڴľİľͻƵ˵߼
һµĳɳͷСѾ˽סһѩ׵ĳëûһëССֳһͣ͵Եʮ񿥡
ȡһ֣ǡ
ԴֻСǵٶȼ죬ͬһһ㡣
ü죬Ҳע⵽ˣڵĿƺҪΪһ鶯ÿһκˬڿԼǲҲ뵽ܰʽ
뵽ǰѸְӰ磬ڵˮҩҺںϣȻں֮ҩҺܰʽ
ٶԵˣķȸ󣬼ԭеһرǺеĺˮƺ̲𾪵ų塣ֻʹҲֱӷһһóֱۻ˹ȥľﵽ˵߼ôͦ˹
һɴͰѸְӷУԺˡ
Ϊϰ磬ҲΪս֪ԼһֻǣԳ׼ʼǷų磬ٰ﴿ĿռԪ
ڶһ硣
뿪Ժ䣬˲ٳ
ͻȻ˴磬ֵʮֵ˷ܣΧų겻ϵرܡ
໡
һӪأٳϵһʿػͷ˹
꣬ǹǰ˹Ҫȥǡ
ͺŵ˻ȥ
ǣ
ͷȥɫ˹ǡ
ǸоϵѪɷ֮Щسͺš
꣡΢΢üͷֻѩǴŪģ
ѩǣһ㶵ʶǣѩǣ
㻹ûлشҵ⣡˵
пһ˿ɵͷͺǣȵǣ
ܵ˳ȱߣҡβͣͷȵزųСȡһӴһֻ񿥵ǱһĹģ
Ӫһ񵽵ģǸʱոճ۾ûſ
ǶԳ˳ȣһ˿ɫ
ѩǣǿеһ֣ʳ߶˵֡ǳ׺ݣͬʱѩǵԸҲʮֵĹ°û˵ѩǱշǣֻСѩǵıȴһֱշı֡
ѵΪֻѩǳСģΪĿǰСų˾ͻ᲻ϳꣿ
꣬ѩһַǳ׺ݺΣյҾ㻹ǽɣԥһտ˵
𡫡ƺĻҵ˻š


70 
ָǵͷǵƽַۺɫͷųģǵٴֳһ˿죬ҪɱǵľĶҡ
̧ͷվԼǰǰɣҷһܺ
ɫԥĿڳǵѲţջǵ˵ͷ꣬עֻѩǣֻҪһ£Ͳܹ
ǣӵϱ˵һ
ˣϣ
ܿһһٶ˾ź˶УǶڳĽűߣһӡ
ĿϵɨǰĶ飬ȵǵһСʱڴӪܵߵɭ֣һǡһСʱڵ񣬶ûе˽᷵ӪأѵӱڸʮʱȥǵҴϡ
ֻʮʱ䣬ÿʿٵԼȥҲɿطԼԺ䣬Ѷֱ̽Сȴںֽǰ󣬱ϱǹɿŲٳȥ
ʮӵʱ䣬еʿ˲ٳжӡ
һճ˶еĸǰȵֻһСʱʱ䣬ڿʼ
䣬ճȳ˳ȥӪشźХȥ
һеʿѾżճ׷˹ȥͬʱҲӪڼеʿϱ±ߵɭȥ
꣬һΣԵͯսһԾԾԡ
ã
һͷͯսӾͳ˳ȥ

ŭһͯս׷˹ȥ
˺ܿͳԽһеʿͬԱڡ
νغͯսͯսûлͷ˺洫ԽԽĽŲһ١
һâ˶֣Ҳ˷Լ۷壬ȽƵȻӣٶ졣
໡˷ܵغһڳԱţʱػͷų꣬ɵûʹȫó겻һ٣һͷ
仰һеĻųͯսѸԶıӰһܵ˾޴ĴɿڱֿѰƽ⡣
ʮӺ󣬳׷ͯսûгͯսǲͯսš֮ͯսҲ֪ǸӣҲĬذԼǱȫ˳رš
ֻʮʱ䣬ͯս˾ܵɭֵ棬ͣļճԱߡ
һСʱ֮ڣһһٶֻʮܵյ㡣
ʮ˴һ߼ϣ೤վԭصźЩʿȴЩʿǼӱĳͷ
ʮ˾жվǰǰʮ˳ȵܺãǵһǿϸʿνǼϵһ񽻸ǣҲǶǵһվǰ
˵ɫһһ۾Ź
ǰߴϢһǰߴ˽һٶֻһЩһֻҪǶСһЩΣաǣʮ뷵ءڣȥǰɣ
ʮ˶ǹ뵽İɭ֮Сʱɭܹӿһˣ⻹Ӫеʿһ±ûһСʱܵɭֱԵкܶϱΪûлָܹǰǣʹˣһʿȥһٶһ׵Ҳʲô¡
Գǲţʮ˿ʼǾһŽɭûһ룬ұ㿪ʼǲǷɢȥѰ롣
һ׵ڹٷʵ൱ڣһ۷൱ڡһ£һ׳ڵ룬Ȼʵϲ룬ǹĸӦþȫܹԸһһ׵롣
ʿֻĸ˽ɭ֣꣬ͯսĸԷһ飬һǱȥ
ɭİʪ
ռعĿïܣһʿӵɭУͬһʯӽ˺ˮܿĸ˾Ϳʿ·ɭоʣĸˡ
ĸ۾Ŷȴûпһֻ룬ûһйص
Ƿ·ʧеˮ֣˴˶һۣѹ˵˵ǲɭɢһ粽ɣȻһֻҲûд򵽣ȥɶˡ
ͯս˳꣬ǹʼ磬ʾԼҲûа취
ͯսҲεҡҡͷĸĬĬصȴûзɭǱȥ
꣡ͻȻѹ˵
ţͷȴĿűߵǡ
꣬˵ֻѩǻ᲻ҵ룿ǵǺ˵붼
۾һͯսĿҲ˷ܵǵϡǸо˼Ŀ⣬Щص
꼱æظǣǽذ
ǣҪ룬ܲܰæ߸Ǳߵ˵
ǵ¶һ˿ãЦǴӳ͸һûм롣
ͯսϣʧˣֱΡ۾ͻȻһǣܹоĸΣյϢ𣿡
ءǵͺţȻ˵ͷ
ϲǵԴǳǸߡ
ء
ֵͺһȥͯսĸ˶һۣж¶˷ܵĹâһǹǵ


71 Σ
ʮ֮ͣһԹľֹ֮ĸ̽ӣǹ׼ǴԹľ֮

һɫӰ׶೤ǴԹľ֮˳ֱֻ޴ǰͬѴһڿл趯ţһ˫Ĵ۾׶ųĸˡ
𣡡
һ£֧ǹڱǿҵֻϣͯս׼ͷֻ۾ϡ
顫
ֻ۾ֱӱͯս򱬣Ҳǰء
ء
ʬ嵹˵ϣ廹˼£֮ͽӲˡ
ǰõʿ壬ȡ˳ŵ˱ȻЦе˵
Ҳ¶ɵЦݣǵĸǰЦе˵ģǡŻӪأҸԣ
ǲмؿһۣͷһߣһҲʶӵģ
Щεתʵǲ⣿Բݣ
ųԲأҲڳһӵģǼƽʱԵĿɶǷࡣ
ؿų꣬꣬㾹ȻôĻָǹԣѰɣ

һŵʲôôҿ㻹ҵǹá
ܹô˵ɣ
ôûܹҵ𣿡

ĸһߵɵţһ߼ǵ
ھĸԶϱ˸ղųĸ˵ǹ˶һۣų˵ķȥ
˲ǱˣǵʳҪɱϱͨҵˡ
˶ڶߣֻһһߣڶȥɱ꣬ѾǸ߿ˡ
ɭѾס˳꣬ڳ˵šڸտʼʱ򣬳ʮһȫûлᡣȻֻĸˣҲɱʱ򣬱ͯսܵһȻǱϾһ鷳
ǳãܹ˲֪¸ɵ꣬ʱһαװΪɱ˳꣬ûһ˿鷳
ԣһֱųĸˡǳĸǵĴͻȻӿٶȣֲ֮¾Ȼ˳ꡣ
սȴȻʮ⴫ǹ˵ͬеһʮӶȥ
ĸٴζ֮һִĹӰ˴˶һۣĵظ˳ĸ˵
ȫ֪ԼѾˣĸ˻˷ܵؽظǵ˷ܵ˵࣬ǾͲͺˣи
ҲĵЦ˵һɱһٶ룬ҾܹһѾ˲ˡºһ±һ򲻵
ĸû֮ǰǻЩšǵ׵ػɱһֻ֮󣬸оҲûʲô˲޽ţЩԾԾԡ
ĸǵĴɱһֻ룬ĸ˵͸ӵķˣʱȫǶɱ룬Żȥú¶¶ȫûע⵽ǵһֱˡ
˷ǳģһֱԶԶظųĸˡ
ֹһСʱĸٴλɱһֻ롣ĸϱһ˿ͷ
ȵ磬ĸ˷ɭ֮⣬û˻ᡣеһ˽˽еǹѹ˵ɴԶһǹˣ
УһҡͷᾪˣǲܻУǿԽʣµɵǿ̷֮ͷܣǵ鷳ʹˡ
Ǿôţ
Ȼᣡ
ǰϢرţĸ˽ǹֻͬԱڴԾš
໡
ͻȻͣǰַغš

ɫӰм˳۷ɿػţһų˳˹
ա
ĸͬʱ𣬳ͯս׼˫ȥǰء
鷢ˣǸݵһȻ֧ǹ㶼˹ȥһųĸ˷ɿؿ
ֻѾװ볤ͷǿϢ
һ۷
ͯսĿȣǹŭ𣬵ֻѰϵضţϵرƽųĸˣһ˫۾ͷѪĹâ
ˣڻ
귢ĸѸٵĺˣһߺһ߼뿪𡣴ʱǵвɶǳ˽š
ĸ˲òɢʼһſֻ롣Ϊĸ˵ǹѾס룬Ѿƽǵǰ
ꡭ


72 Ե
ɿض㵽һǰۺݺݵɨǿùȻǿŹһĻۡʱƵȥƴһùȥͯս˵ǹͣҪֹ룬ʮݣһ߶һ߷ɿؽӽ
ľǰδеؼ˲佫߼ٶҰпʼûܵĹ켣ڳҰн
顫
귢һ䣬ڷӵͻȻסˣͷ­ҡΣ˻˻Ĵ̶УɫҺ壬һ󶴡
ա
ͯսȻǲŹᣬ׼غϡ
顫
һǹٴν۱Ȼʼɨĸɨһӣ뼸ɸӡȻ˵ϡ
ĸµһʱһ׶೤ʮ׿д˳ֻһԾԾͯսһֻ絶ǰͯս˹ȥ
ͯս
һͬʱǹ˹١

ͯսĲҽУٵȴֻһֻǰ۴ͯսұ˽ȥȴһֻǰ۸סˣֻ΢һ˺Ͳֻܹʵϵ˺
ҿ˭˵ֻһǶǹԶûô
Ѹٵǹηɿ׳˹ȥ
꣡꾹Ȼӵеǹֿȭ˹ȥвʧɫ
Զϱȴͬʱһͬʱֳһˣǳˣ
Ҫ
Լķ˹ͯսĿѡֻҲ˳˹ͣ˶תͷ˳ꡣ
ǣֻǸոתͷѾĸǰ߸ߵԾںһĨ˳һťһ⻪һն˲ͯսǰۡ
ꡭ
һ⻪ǰӦϣͯսصˤ˵ϣ˿ڣ̲סһƺߡ
˻
ʹ˻һһֻǰų˹ȥһǰ˹ȥ
ֻֻǰݵر任һǶȡ

ֻǰ۶㿪˳ĽУײڽ֮ϡֻһɴϮеһ֣ź󷽵˳ȥ䡱һײʮԶһϣֻؿѪӿһһѪ
ꡭ
ŷų˶ѸشӵһԶһߴ󺰵ͯսϽ뿪ɭ֡
һӰڴּɿرţһֱ׷ţֻǼʱ䣬˾롣
Զϱһۣ¶˲𾪣û뵽лĴɱһǼΪ߼Ҳûм
Ҷ΢ϱųķ׷ȥ
ͯսߣʱͯսѾҧػ˹ȥͯսϲһǰۣֲҽγ˾Ͳ㱳ͯսֻ̧ͯսٵɭ֮ȥ
һߣѾԼٶȷӵ˼£ȴǸоķֻԼԽԽˡ
ϱԶԶ׺ں棬һϱ˵һǹɵˡ
֣һϱȵܼпٱܣܹаջ˵ֻ˹аոɵֻ𣿡
εҡҡͷϱų롣ʱ˵˺ܶ࣬ǿȫֻĶ֣עˡһ·ֻΪȷһ¡

ƿյľһҲҲ෭˳ȥһֱ˶ǰͬһѷľ޵ιʿľװĺһʹǿ͸ķ£û˺壬ǹɴǽײ˳ȥ
һµһ˳ȥո˳ȥղŵĵطͳֻ롣ݵһתһֻǰ۾ͺɨ˹ʱѾֻֻǰ˳ȥ
顫
ǰݵر任һǶȣĽϣһɴһα˳ȥ
굹ɵ廹ڿУֻѾ˹


73 
Զϱ֮һ³һѹ˵ˡ
໡
һ׹˹ȥѩǣһҧβ
˻һһţǵԴϡ
顫
ǵСӵ˳ȥˤڵϻ˹ȥ
У˫ĿһУ׼ǰءĴָһϵİť
ಡ
ǰ˵Ľͬһ⼤˳ȥ
䡫
ȫԤϣû뵽еȻܹĸȻըըֱӸĸһ󶴡
顫
ӿˤڵϣһͦӵϱٴ
䡫䡫
ͷ­ը˳ȥڵϳ鴤˼£ڱʬ塣
ҡһ£ЩѣеЩòȡ
Զϱɫһ㶣ûзӦ
롭ôˣ
˲䣬˵Ŀⶼ˳еϣ͸¶̰Ŀ⡣
ͬʱǹǳĬһ׼˳һ׼˳ࡣ
աա
类ػֱһǱ˳ȥͬʱֱӻ
顫
ײĹϣɰɰ
ұϮˣ
Ժ̸ֳʳҪɱϱװȥ۾гһ죬Ѹ߼СȴɽȻʣڲݴȻǰС
ӰԶһųɵ˹ǳţþɳϱԼǹԵؾ׼һǹٸ˿ᡣ
һذ΢۾עԽԽϱ
Ȼǣ
Ǿ˭ģǣ
Ŀǰ״Բܹϱһ˿ĻᣬϱֻҪһ˿Ļᣬ¾Լɥ֮ʱ
ϱԽԽˣеһϱɵЦ˵ٵˣ
оһԭǣ
ಡಡ
ȻϱµĲݴбûзӦ˲䣬ɽͲʺ
ǡǡ
˫ԼʺĿ͸¶ȫĲӵϻĳꡣ
ͨͨ
˷ԵվԭϢһָһЩߵĸǰСǵڵϵϱȥ
ߵϱ߸һţȷʵѾ͸ˣų׵һæܵǵĸǰǵ壬ֻǻ˹ȥŷġ
صϱߣʺĶ̽Сȴڡ΢΢üͷ˼˷ϱԼɱģԼ˵˵ϱɱԼģ˭Ű
ͻȻһǸʬ˹ȥǸ뱧صϱĸǰ£Ȼ˫ֻһǰ۷ֱϱʺ˿ڴݺݵزһ£ƻ˶̳̽˿ڣ˻ᵱϱͬھ
ȻֿʼΧĳ²һ£Լļ֮㽫Ǳٵ뿪
Сʱ򣬳ص˵ĵطҵԼǰǹŽ˺ڣһֱǣһֶǹɭ֮ȥ
ֹ˰Сʱ֮󣬻صؽдϲطŵ˵Цûãһž߻ˣ
ءǲ˼صͷ
߰ɣǻȥ
ǵͷӵվɭ֮ȥʮ֮󣬳߳ɭ֡
߳ɭ֣ͼһЩϱɭ˳꣬ɫһ㶣̶ϲ꣬û¶
û¶Цӭͯսأ
ͻӪˣôȥ㡣
ֻ꣬׵أǰʵ
ҡҡͷ֪Ҿһ·ϹܣͲֻ֪ʲôʱ򲻼ˣ
΢Ѱ˼һµ꣬̷ؾӪûʲô¶ˡ
ǣһȻתӪȥ
꣬û¶̫ˣ
ļû˵ʲôղȺͶϱɱȻʱ̣ܶȴóķѾ޴ʱҲ˳ʮֵƣҲĬĬžӪȥ
ص˾ӪȥҽңͯսѾ˹ûΣգ˲ŷȥ
磬ҩҺ֮걩ܰʽ֮󣬸ոϢһʱûἰֻ룬ֱӶԳ˵ҽûжʱ䣬ֻһУȻԼ򣡡


74 Ӫ
䣬ϵȻһ䣬ڳз·һ߷壬Ȼˣսţȭȭ
̫ȭ˫
ڳĸоǾɽмײƶ춯أó겻ɫ䣬˼
ƶų˵꣬ӪһɽȣܾȺɽʽ̫ȭе˫ԺúҪסĸ֣أ
۾ղһʽ˫ԺУɽ岻ͣײóڵѪҺ
۾Ѱָоʼ˫
սš
ȭ
ȭ
ĶԽԽ·˫ְ޷壬˫۶·𲻿ظ΢΢
أ
Ͻɢһ˿ɽƣȻúԶȴҲ˼ӡ

һϵ۾һ֪Ѿ֪ʲôʱ뿪
ӦͻȻһ׵Ӫؽ֪ǱԼɱϱ᲻ᱩ¶Լ
Ӧòɣ
΢΢üͷаֻҪûԼǾûˡ
ǣ˫ȭȻսҲŹ㡣
ڽļ죬ƽȴЩ겻ȥһܣȷɱϱѾȥˣû˷Լġ
һҲ˭뵽Լһ߻ɱڵǿߣһһ׵£
˳ȫƽĿʼÿμӪڵĳѵ͸γ̣ܰʽѵ̫ȭ˫ԽԽһαܰʽ賿𴲽Ĵľ
ڽӪĵµĵ죬ͻڵĲ㣬ﵽǧٹѾʮֽӽһһߵ
ڵĴİҲͻƵ˰˼
ԭȥӪعѶ̽Ϊ˼Ѿʹð˱̽Ļֲˡ
ڳ겻ÿԼҪȥľţظľһ࣬ҪιԻ
ʱѾһףҿģһ׵ѾЩ㲻ˡҪ֪׵Ҫ500ֲܹһţھԼòһֻǶԼװûлȥˡ
ʱڵĻֻʣ˲ǧѰ˼ſԼҪһЩҩάԼˡ
һա
˱ܰʽԺһ̫ȭһߵĵ
Ժ˽Ų˽ŲԼĶԺȥ
Ժһһʮҵ˽
ӪȻǳڵһӪӪ
ǰȥһ񣺡Ӫãá
Ӫ´˳һۣͳһǹӸ˳꣬ȻִſϵǽһĴָЦש꣬һеשӳȥĿǻ
ǣӪ
Ļ䣬Ӫûиһ˿׼ʱ䣬ֱ㽫ǿש˳ȥһͨӣǼƿ֪Ӫ
顫
һǹ졣
ء
ǿש˷ĩ
ӪĿ¶һ˿һשһΡ
γ׼ղǴӪͻȻϮó꾪һ亹ûдС
ಡ
ٴӳש̧ȴûп𣬷һЦطǹΪשٶʵ̫ˣԿ϶Ӫڵ׼
ǶӪȴ¶ȤȻЩЩӲǷӦǲˣӽ쿪ʼʱѵѵǹ
䣬תͷͷѡһӡ
ãȻظӪ뿪ԼԺ䣬ӪסĵطһʮֿԺ䣬гԺʮӪųһƺǲֿŵĵطȥ򿪴Ŵų˽ȥž޴ĲֿһСͰг
ӪĽŲûͣǴŲֿڵһСȥСųֵ
һСţϵı鼫侫ʣһľҵ
ǹ

ϷŵģϰڷŵģǽϹҵģϻš
ˣ
ô᲻ϲǹ
ˣ
ô᲻ǹ
Ŀ˷ܵɨţڷڰϵǸǹǹƷַࡣǽϹŸֹͺŵǹм͵ǹϡ


75 ǹ
ڵϰڷǹʽڣָ¶˾֮ɫʲô
Ȼһһһڡŵӣÿֱף׳滹һһ£ڵҲһǧٹΪڵĲʶǾ߶ѹܵĲϣܲĿڣȻˡ
һǧٹ
ܶ˶ܹõڵϵ߶ܹõܹһض¶Ĵȥսһ¶һͨȥһʮɣȥܣ¼Ӿòסˡ
ĥһ£Ҫһμս·ǵ֮ſԡ
Ӫվſھų꣬ų˷ܵıֳЦ⡣ƽĿӪ
ƽӪߵǸǰһǹ濴ţ
䣬ʼؽǰǹжȻӪĶǳĿȴһΪӪĶûһ˿˷ѣָƶľ붼ǡ̶֣ȵؽʡʱ䡣һƫƫӪ⣬ΪӪĿûȥеǹ
ǹж֮Ӫֿʼװǹʮֻ;ǡ֡ǰǹװ֮Ӫųʵˣ
۾ӣ۾ʱĿŵˣ
ãٿ
ڳҰУֻӪǹֻһǰǹͱһɢڰϣͿӪģʱܹľǴͣ𾪵Ӫ
Ӫֲûֻͣһֻ֣ûȥɢһӪ־׼ͬһӪ裬ֻӵʱ䣬һǹƾһֻװ
ֻԼǻܣͨ졣
꣡⻹
ǹ
Եǹ
Ӫǹ˰ϣȻӸ˳һԿ׵ڿʼÿʱѵȴǹʼʲôʱܹһֻֽǹжװٶȣٽһ
䣬ӪֱӾ˳ȥŹϡ߳˲ֿ⣬վԺ˳ЦǰӪô
ӻԣɣӪɵ˵
СӶܹ
СӡӪ΢һµҹҪﵽҲжװǹľôҲ°ɣԺͻˡϤ˶֮ٲжװǹеͻ̺ܶʱ䡣߰ɣСԼȥ
ڡ
վڰǰ۾һνղӪĶһ飬Ȼһʼжǰǹ
ֺȣȴܱ׾߻ӪĶ߿Լָľ룬һӵʱŽֻǹжֿʼװһӵʱŰ֧ǹװ
鿴һ£ȷԼûзһ˿еǹʱһǹи֮࣬ҲžɥԼĶ̫ˣӪӥĻһֻţ
ѵͱǧϰܹﵽӪľ磿
ԣ
ҡͷĻκһֻҪڼϰͶܹﵽӪǸ磿Լȴû˴ﵽ硣ǽӪԼʦԲ
֪ʹﲻ磬ͽԼˣαӪ
˵ֻһɿ˵ͨǹҲҪʡָʲôԼʲôӪԼ
ԼŪӪԼĵطԼٶһߵúܿ졣
Ŀ˰ϵǰǹϣԼԺӪԼשľ
Ӫ˵ҵķӦ
Ӧ
ͻȻһԼз֣ԴԼӵ˾֮ԼķӦڲϵǿľѾﵽ˰˼ķӦҲڲ֪
ǾҵķӦӿˣ
ͻȻȷһ뷨ǰԼֻǱ˷ӦԼأ
һЧ
ļǻһ˫ʮָȻһɫأ͸ڰϵ˫֮ϡ
̣
;Լ˫ֺͰϵǰǹøӵ
ˣ
˫ֶв죬Ǳ˿ῴ˫ڿģĲӰ

ֻ˲ǰǹͱһ˰ϡ


76 Ӫķŭ
ֳ˷֮ɫֱλãȻŵϣȻʼװǹ
룡
ӪҪһ롣

ǹֱһɢڰϣǳֻһֲֻжǹٶȲ˫϶١
һ۰ϵֱֶˣЩ·һڳ衣
ž
ƾһֻֽǹװ֮󣬿һֱ롣꽫ǹ֡

еǹһֿ֮ʼǹ
룡
ֶӪ˷ܵطǹжӪ˾塣֪ӪǾߣ򲻻ǹٶ룬ԼǣһǾߵˣȻܹǹ磬ܲ˾塣
˽ӪԼ񣬳ǳˣ߳˷ȥӪȴҲҲֻûŶϣȻ󷵻ԼԺ䡣
һҩȥʳóһСʱҩſʼһеĵڶܰʽ
֮ϴ˸裬ϴ˯賿״򲻶ʼ뵽վ
ڶ磬걩ܰʽ֮󣬳˳ӪԺ䣬ĴѰӪҲûҵŲӺ˼ûлӦ
㬵ţ˼ǹأ̫ˡ
֪Ӫû뵽ôʱʹﵽľ磬һٶȣһֱΪڿء
ͳԿ׽ֿŴ򿪣ȻֽСŴ򿪡˰ӵĺŰϵǰǹȻ͸

һֻǹͱһȻӰ룬һֻǹװϡ
ؽǹߵشһȻŽǹŵ˰ϣĿԱߵһͺŵǹϡ͸ǰǹ棬ǰǹĽṹسԺС

ﲻͣ˲жװǹе
ڳ뵽Ӫĵµĵڶʮ죬ľͻƵ˾żȻоԼһ̵ıϣ֪ԼľʼƷͦҲżʱľѾﵽ۷壬֮һˮĥ򣬽ƿ֮󣬱ֻϾŨĴ
Ӫĵĸµĵ죬ΪͻƵ㣬ﵽǧ˰ٹѾԺЩڵһƽƽˡ
һա
ոͻƵĳ˷ܵڲֿڵǸϰŲǹǹһӪ˽ĿϰߵŰӵķȥɫһ㶡
Ӻ沢ûгӰ˳ȥǸʽڵĴһǰѾǸһжˡ
꣡
Ӫˣʿ̫øԶһµʱ䣬ǹĲжװ֪ûãȥĥǸһˡ
Ӫ̴ӵվžһһ
Ӫã
ҺܲãӪһȵ꣬ĵӲСȻʼжˣ˭
ͷﱻӪţһֱȵӪˣӪЪʱ򣬳˵ӪǸҶˣͲܻ𡭡
˵ʲôոеӪеŭ˳㶼ˣһµʱ䣬˵㶼ˣ֪ҵǰǹʱöʱ𣿡
ʵʱ䣿
Ӫָɸֵ˵££һµʱͽеǹеˣ˵˵ǰǹ㻨˶ʱ䣿
ӪĭӶ絽˳ϣڳܲ⣬ǳĲ⡣һ˸ʿγнԼ²úýѵһ٣ϺúϴʿҲա
ǣ¾ǲ̣ҲҪݺݵؽѵһ٣һǡ
С̫ˣ
ͻˣɵͷ˵
ͻˣ˵㵱ͻˣӪĲϵ˳첱ӴֵغãããӪָų˺üµȥҲһߣҵҪᵽʲô̶ȣ
ǣӪ
һ񣬿첽ܵ˰ӵĺ棬Ŀ˰ϵǰǹϡ
Ѹץǰǹһ

ǰǹһɢڰϡȻѸٵؿʼװһͬһڳ衣
ž
ǹŵϣЩü۵Ӫ˵ˣ


77 
Ӫ⡭Լ찡⡭ôܣ
Ѱϵеǹеװһ飡
ǣӪ
һ󡰻ųڿӰĶӪӲһأ̶͸¶ϲǺӰһ
ž꽫ϵһǹŵ˰ϣӪһӪһӪһ񡣡
ããã
֮ǰһҲӵá֣ȴԲһ֮ǰߣʱȴ˷ܡǰǰһϵЩǹеϣȻԽǽϵЩǹеȡ˰ϵЩǹе

һжװӪĿԽԽϵļⶼ΢Ĳ
žְһǹŵ˰ϣûеȵ˵ӪͽЩǹеϣȻֽϵǹеڷŵǰЩ
жװְ֮ЩǹеϣȻʼӵϰЩǳʱϢһָ
Щ
ӪָŰϵЩֿʼ˲жװȵЩжװ֮˵ĿⲻԼͬ˵һڡǸڳѾһ룬ʱڵϡ
Ӫųֵɣȿôжװһ
ǸڵԱ߶£ӪǽжЩװȥȻزж߲ж߸꽲šж֮ؿʼװͬһװһ߸꽲š
𣿡Ӫװ֮תͷųꡣ
۾Ѱ˼˼ӣȻ۾ŵص˵ͷ
ãڿţ
Ӫ䣬˫ֿʼٵض˵ģĲӰһʽֻܻ˰ӾȫжȻ˾װϡתͷųԣ
ǣ
ӦһӪԭĵطһ˫֣żľȻ͸˫ּٵض
ж롣
װ롣
ȻӪҪһ롣
Ӫð˹⣬ųͬһŮһ㣬ó겻һսصӪ
ãããӪЦͬһջӵϼһǹ˵ߣ
뿪䣬˲ֿǸСͰгӪתͷŸԼߵĳ˵Ǹť𣿡
˳ӪָȥڲԶĵطһһŰťӪȥǸɫİťĿ⿴Ŷ档
ǣ
ܲǸǰָǸɫİťȥ
顫
һĴָ״СԲӶһＤ˳ٶ̫ˣﵽ١
飡
Ӫһ֣ǹڳĶ졣
ء
ǸĴָ״Сڼ״̬еӱ㱻Ӫһǹ÷顣
ԣ
Ӫǹݸ˳꣬ӹǹӪλáЩͨϵزжװǹ֧ǹеѾ˷ǳ˽⡣ʵǺþжװǹеٶҲӪ϶١ԣγ겻׼ԼľԼǹ
顫
Ӫ˰ťһĴָ״СӼ˳ȥ
飡
ڳҰУӵջǿӣֻǽǲһ±ߣ΢ıӵķȴûнǿӴ顣
ٴ򣡡Ӫһΰ˻ɫť
γ˾żľѸٵػ˫Ŀϣǿԭڽӽ״̬µҰбû
飡
ǹˣ
ء
ǿӱ˷顣
Ӫһ˿죬ʵһκ͵ڶʲôͬ
˼һ£Ҫ˼ûþһȻ̧ͷӪҵǹƺһЩ
ӪοصͷŲжװǹеܹǹ¡
ô죿Ӫϵ̵
ǹӪ˵
ǹʵ
ǹӪ˵
䣬ӪųŲֿеһСȥţ߽ȥ֮ʯˣһСͳ䣬ֻӦоС
ɵվţӪųֵҽǹ
꾫һ˹ȥ
ԼԺȥﻹЩǹĹ̡ܶʿڲٳ׼һ֮󣬾Ϳʼ
صԼԺ䣬ȴûһȥҩҩ˳˼


78 
ǹпòжװǹ֧żǹĹߣôȻǹоһӦУǲӵ֮ڶԵеʱܹ˲жϳԷһȭƣҪȥߣ
곹׵˷似ԭһƿʱ·ȻʣȷԼ
ǲǽ̫ȭȫ⿪ϣԵеʱǡʱǡʱ
ǲҪ似Ƕ⿪ѰҸ似Ĺ켣
˱ܰʽ֮û˯Ǵ˵Ե½ʼۿһ̨ս¼񣬷Ÿ似ӽ쿪ʼÿжһ񣬾ÿ춼ҪһСʱʱۿ̨ս¼
ڶ磬˱ܰʽ֮󣬲һ似֮׼ǰȥӪѧϰǹȴԺһ˽

꣬첻ȥӪˣԺÿһȥһΣѵ似
ǣ꾴һ
Це˳ǰ˵СӰӪˣ
ٺ٣겻˼ЦˣӪı飬ԼҲúЦҲżֵ⡣
ˣСӣЦҿЩûͻƣþҶԻһȭСӣҪעˣ֪һһԺ䣬ɲҪҺˡ
ǣɫ࣬ȴһ˿
꣬ȫ
˵꣬һȭų˹
صǰ̤һͬһ𣬴Хһȭȭͷײ˹ȥ
䡫
һɴ˳ĸ첲˹ȥֻһʱƣ˼³еһ˳
Ŀ͸¶֮ɫ꣬ͻˣ
ţ˵ͷ
ͬһһؿų꣬ľȣŶͻˣ
ʲôΪ
ڵ㡣
˻
һڵ㾹Ȼʤڵһͬڻһ
㾿ôģؿʵʳ仰֮ɫȻһ㶣˳ǸʽѵСְѱܰʽˣ
꣬㲻ְѱܰʽ˰ɣ
ʱԸܰʽķʽԼڵõıܰʽ˵ҲûʲôԼҪѱܰʽ硣ҲøԼʵͨиĽͣǱͷǣڳŸܰʽĿǰֻǸ˵ʽ
Ŷĳ꣬˫ȼ˷ܵػ档
ԼǼ񵽱˰һǼ񵽱˰Сӵĳɳٶȣ˵ܹ˴Ȱ
һţٶȾˣؼԾˣȻܹԼΨһ
Ҫ֪ɲ׸ģ΢ͻ߻ħǸֱ
ܹһƫƫɹˡԳģΪɹظʽѾڴˡ
ѾܰʽʽǳɹظֻҪˡ
ûó꽫ǸıܰʽڸΪ֪ڻûȫܰʽ֮ǲᴫڸ˵ģһָҲûʳǷڸϱܰʽ֮᲻Ὣ佻磬Ϊ֮ǰϽʽѾ̬ȡ
ʱֻ˷ܣúǼֱһ˷ѡͻȻ˵꣬ţȥȥ
㶵ؿ˳ȥٶȾҪȳö࣬ûпйٶȡ
ɵԺǰθûͣȻһײԺţξͳ˽ȥ
顫
ӷڳһӰ˻δȭѵԺһıɵȭͷڿײ˰˴Σɺһ۾㷢ˣ
˷ܵشЦɣҽ̫ˣӲƴȭﲻˬ
´Ŷ񣬰˽⣬һʮֳȵˣʲô̫˷ܵ飬Բ
ʲôϲˣ
Ȼϲ£ǰ˷ܵɵļϴȭǵǸ𣿡
ǵã΢΢üͷѵô˾ΪǸꣿ
ɣ˷ܵ˵֪𣿳һţӦ˵ǳš²ﵽ˶ٹ


79 
ûеɿڣ˷ܵ˵ǧ˰ٹ
ţɴһǸͻˣ
ҡͷ˵ֻڵ㡣
ֻڵ㣿ǧ˰ٹûհɣɱ˵űȥĶͷ
ֽɵִ򿪣Ȼɫɣ֪˭𣿡
˭ɫ˵һ±𣿡
±ӣ±ӿǱǿ
ǿɲмһˡ
㻹𲻷֪ھոƹʽɣ֪˭𣿾ꡣ
˲ʽ֪һ½Ƥһ飬һʽҵһ˿ͻξϣǸʽˣ˫Ŀ
У֪ΪʲôôΪֿʼܰʽˡ
ܰʽɵ߽ͬ
Ѿʽܹﵽǧ˰ٹһһŰôɣûȤһѵ
ʲôϽȥ
ߣ񡰹ЦŸ˺档
ԼԺ̫ȭߵţ䶯˶⴫˵ĽŲ̫ȭƣԺţ͸Ƕ
ЩĪ˷ܵ˳ȥΪ˰Ѹ
꣡վ˳ǰսɱ֣ΪҲܶˣЩΪˣȴûɱࡣӽ㽫ӪҺ͸һѵ㡣
ɵƤû뵽ѵ˻Ӫ뵽ԳȤ͸ˣǰһų˵ȶһȭ
ǣ
Ӧһͬʱȭ
飡
ֻȭͷڿײӻ˻κһֳһ˿ϲȻǧ˰ٹ
ٺ٣꺩ЦЦ
ǧ˰ٽǰɣҪͨһ㻹߳һٹҾһʵԴһΡ
ͷոͻûжãЩûٲ似һʵ൱˶һΣΪѹڵһ㣬ǳĿǰõĶ֡
ʱѾ˵һߣЦеһϡɢվȴųꡣ
ϣ
ĻûеȵĻڿɢǰһһʽ̫ȭе乭仢˹ȥ
ĻĶͬѸһش˿ҵȭɵֱ˹ȥ
ɵ۾һͬʱҲʹ̫ȭеһʽ֣˫ͬƬƣóȫоƫƫһֱסжȥĸо
Ķͬˮתȴ֣սű֣תϲ֣ƽ֣תƽƣսţתϲơЩ˲ɣԲ
̫ȭ󵥱ޣ
ɵһ첲ͬһˮһ˳ͬһ˿߽󵥱޲ơ
˿
Խɶս;Խ·ԼһȴʹɾͬһſԽԽһһʽƽ˿ڿб֯һε
̫ȭڣƽ⣬̫ȭᣬҲա
ɵȭȴȫᣬڳ꿴Ǿᵽ˼£һһǳӦĵطǾ۾Ȼܹüɣڸоз·ɸͲһ㡣
ȫ˳ⷶΧԴӦ֮ͨͣز似ѾԼ΢΢УܹԷһȭƹ켣ǣԵɣȴȫʧЧ
겻ľͷˣһߵ÷֮˾żľ˲˫ĿɵĶڳҰбûһȭƵĹ켣ɼ
бʽ
ɵһʽ޵޻Ʋת֣սȭڲȭսתڱۣϲƣȭ
̫ȭ
μΪ˳бʽɵĹһֱѹų괭΢΢һһ˲䣬Ѿǰ
ͻȻһؼתжȥ˳һʽٻԭȭͷų°ͻ˹ȥ
ת۲֣תƣ߽š
̫ȭת
顫
ôãӲӲһɵȭͷϡ


80 ѵ
ֻóһʵȳ껹Ҫһٹһֱܹѹų꣬Ϊ似
ӲӲضˣɱ˿һֻȭͷ㱻ߵһ𣬽ǰĿյ˳
ת۽ŷ֣սű֣ϲȭб
̫ȭб
һӾɵĻɵǰײ˹ȥ˫ŵ棬ź漱ȥǣʹˣǰҲ΢΢óײһĶ΢Ρ
ͣ˺˵ĽŲɵ¶ЦݡɷҲסǰĽŲɢȥ˫еľ
СӣǿУ
ﲻЦԼƾǿУͱſˡԼûо
갵ҡҡͷ·ŵһߣвһ͵ģҪʱȥǹһ
СӣҶսʱʲôо
˵棬һǸо似ᵽ˼㣬ҺܲӦǣ⻹ӦģӦǷ·ҵΧû֣˵ǸоȫоĴڣҺܡ
վЦô
Ǹӡû뵽ֻǺҹ˼УȻͷҵƣǸˣԺǿ
ȸ˵˵ȥӪһ䣬תȥ
꣡ɵɫ֪һʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷ
Ǽĸо㻹пǣǾѾоĴڡںǶսʱǻἫظоһжʲôǰܿǹ
ԺѸٵػ׷ʱ𵽵ã㲻һּĸо
ԼǸʱǸǰ۾ȻܹǰıǶȣԼĽϣǼĸоɣ
ָо̫ˣֻҪźԼʵͬûӮʤĿܡҲֻȱֵܹЩȱ˺ǵأ
ȱվջҪԼʵ
ҪѧԼϢ˵
Ϣ
ҪľԼɱɱΪС˵߶ɱҲУһսûɱ˼ҲܹоҪľȽɱ
ܹɵ˵
ԼܹԼɱ˵ںսʱռƣǺеĵսҲռơԼںսʱ򣬲һֱѹԼûоżľǱذɡ
ǣԼɱϵ̡
ڵ
ɽԼľޱشڸ꣬˳˼ԭѾžżľɱʵһ־ơνɾ
һǲ߱ʵģǱǸԽµһƾǿı˳߱ʣδܹһϾͿ󵱳ǸԽжǿֻƾµһƲ֪ʶܹı򣬲ľ
߱ʵھɱ֮󣬻ɱںϽľҲɱͬЩ˻Ϊɱ뾡취رЩɱ֣ʽ̤ɱְҵһ̣ҪľѧԼɱ
ԣźܶɱķʽɵķԼܽһ֡
ǣһ˵ˣżȻ˲Ҫ͸˵žżĵ̣ɵҰУܹĶ棬ȴڸоȫоĴڣ·ʱԼǰĳһӰһ㣬ʵĳѾʧ
ʯˣĿŶĳꡣ
⡭ɱеϢˣ
־硭Խ̫࣬ѾɵⷶΧ
⡭ôܣ
˶һ
ѵһţ
۾ʵظоֻˣ·ңԶջع鵽ɵǰЦˣʱѾȫ֮

СţǻǱһſˣЦʵɣ˵˭أ
˭ЩƵ˵
ĵشЦЦ価ų˵ӽ쿪ʼӪҺ͸ѵ㡣ʱ鸱ʱңʱӪȻٴͷ֣𣿡


81 ڵ
ףվػص
ҲվȻѾϢˣҪľ似˵̫ȭҲ˻Ϊ̫ȭ꽡١Ҫ̫ȭһּȭֻɾ硣Ϊƽ⡣
ǣҲҪΪֻҪﵽƽɾ硣

ֻܹ˵̫һ⣬Ҫǲͣؼнշֱںϣܹһֱ̫˼£ںϲںϣǲ̫
Уһ£ܹȫںҽ˼£ں͵˽ֵʱһֱʹյ似ֺòӦ似ȴͻȻʹ似ֻķӦ
۾һȻɼ˵ʹƽ̫ԷֻʲôӦ
۾ԽԽ֮ĽʵһѹƺͷѹƵĹ̡ԼͻȻı˷ǾֻһöԷʧȥƣԼռϷ硣ڼҵ֮УֻҪ˵ʵ಻̫޴һռϷ磬Ҳ͵춨ʤ֡
ӽ쿪ʼһ似սֻܹյ似Ҷսյ似սսʱȴֻܹ似ԣҪúõش˵ȡ顣סҶսʱ򣬼ʹ̫ȭҲҪյζսʱͬҪζΥ򣬻ĳͷ
ڽӳ˵ʹͨÿԼ֮⣬ÿ㣬ֱӪ͸ѵ
ӪﻹãǹٶȺ;ڷɿһԴڵӪüЦǺ͸սһʹࡣ
ƶսʱʱ̿似͸սȴʱʱ̱̿յ似оԼˡ
ãÿ궼ἷһСʱʱȥںϣ̫ȭÿն֮С
ʱţ꽥ҲǸеǳˣ͸ȻͬķҲʼӦҶֽȻͬ似Ҳһ⡣
ֽŵľӪУʱ˳Ӫĵµ졣
һգһͻˣʵﵽڵ㣬ﵽǧһжϢзһֱͳ꽻ֵ͸֪û֪Ӫ֪
ľȴɿǵ֮ǰ
ǧ±˾Ӫ£ҲͻƵʿµߵõͻƣһǺֻܶ࣬ʮʿõͻƣֻͻһΣЩϵȴûһ˵õͻƣϾԽҪͻƻԽӵѡ
ǣڳԷʱܹͯսɢϢʼЩȶʱǿʱҪͻƵסò˶ãͯսܹͻƵˡ
ʱ򣬳ǿХǿѾȥս֪ôˣХȥһڶݶӵӪأǿվҲ档
ֹȥʮ졣
һգӪѧϰǹ׼ȥϴ裬ȻȥߵԼӵӪأͼӪſһߴ׳ʿסſڣΧվźܶ࿴ֵˡӪ֮ڣͯսڷŭغǸߴ׳ʿš
䣬㲻Ҫ̫ͯսһĹ򡣡
´һͯս¶һ˿͵ͯս㲻ϵϢͿͻƵˡ
ΧһƬ˽ͯսҪͻˣúÿ죡
ǣɲҵĶ֣Ϊ
˫ȭһգȻǿƣΪѾͻƵˡ
ȻѾͻƵڣѾ±һ˰ɣ
ǣɲһô򵥣Ž֣ͨһͲĶ֡
ͯսξͳģ
ң
һԽ̫ϤˣӴת˹˳Ȥ´
ſ조Ц꣬ѾͻƵڵһˣҲҺͶսһ
ʲôң
국˵ȴһ˿˷ܡҲոͻƵڵ㲻ã븱Դ򣬳һֱúܱԼŬǱ͸ѹơΪֻҪʵһҲԼʼѹų꣬ȻضԳ˵ڶԽս


82 ˫
ͻƵһ㣬ͻﵽǧ߰ٹټĽ֣ҷˣԼһö֡
ã˫ȭһգҪʹ졣
Ҳһֱˬ֮ˣкøУЦ˵߰ɣȥٳϡ
˽һӪأܶ࿴ֵʿҲӿһӪأڲٳΧһȦڲٳмԶ
ʼβеͯսֺݺݵ·ȥ
顫
˷ܵһźݺݵ̤˵棬˲³˴ѾŶ˹ȥ˷еȫͷԼóյȭͬһֻɽͻ
һ˿죬ϴκͳ꽻֣ĸоƽȣû͵ư
Ȼо֣ȫٵ˽֣Ȼͬһװ׳һس˳꣬ͳ𱬵ضײ
ӹһ˿Ц֪ڲܹģڷǳǿǰҲֻʧܣ
ȭƳգȭҲͬգͬײֻײ˲䣬ʹúңƹƹҲڶΧʿĿࡣ
ûþȫЩСȻûгУ꿴˶׺ݵȭͷϣƾŽӲ
̾츳ûıܰʽҲûгҩȴ츳ˡͻƵ֮ȻٴﵽǧٹȻѹƳǧһͷ
νһʮᣬƾĽ֣Ѱ˳һ˿Ӵײ˳Ļһ¹ȭų°ͻȥͬʱҲشһҰܣ
ڲٳϻصš
õ̫ȭһʽ˲ƣȴ䣬ԭȵıȻ¹ˮ󳷱ܿ¹ȭֱͬһŻȥ
֮
̫ȭš
ʽת÷ǳȻÿ첻ͣر͸ַŰó似Ѿ˺򡣵ֽȻͬķתȴǳزӦ
䱻ţźˡεĴ̫⣬һĺˣ֮ǰȻҲлʱ򣬵ǶƾǿĽӲӲؿסεƲסԼ塣
ϵʧȥƣҲܵӰ졣ֻλ籩عײ˳ȥ˲ȫ·硣
ػţǴʱĳǳزӦÿһÿһʽ֮оԼͬһ
ۿʿɴ۾Ǵںͳսе䲻ӦЩۿʿҲһ
겻һֱʹüյ似ô᣿
һӪӪһϱվȦȦڵĳţһӪӪضһԵϱ˵Ϸôͽܻ԰ɣ
Ϸɫһ㶵ǸͻȻıȭƵСӾ˵Ǹǹеĳꣿ
ǰôӪɫӵص⡣
ϷɫԵ˷Ŀ⾼ڲͣĳꡣ
ϷʤվƷԱ
˻غˣǰһӪӪ
СӲ˵ǹкðҲܺðرͬ۾ߵӺʺϿվ
һ۷ʤЦе˵Ķˣ
ʱȫ״̬֮Уĸͻأиˮ
оŤǳرŤȻһԼеһȭ֮ϣŴ򱬿˳ꡣ
һȭͻƣ˲ǧʮ
һÿһȭͬʱһֱռݵϷ֮ʧȥΧۿʿһ̾ϢӪͷʤҲ⡣
ֻ֮һˬѹֵһӵõͷšǶĳֻǺһѸٵ̤ǰһ˹˫ȭڿͷ­ϻһʽһȻı˸ղȭƣֲյȭơʱоԼԵĲһˣɽ壬ѹɽ塣
̫ȭ˫
ַֻ·֮ɽ壬ռƿ֮ż棬öò˳
̱ϵĺëоȵΣգеǱͷӵ˼¡
顫
ط˳ȥͨһˤ˵ϣֻһѪӿѹȥǻһ˿


83 ս
ʹض˶˫ۣ̫ˣԼóǿһ˫˲佫Լó䣬ǻǱĽ˫۷顣
˵ΧۿЩʿӪͷʤԾô͡
꾹Ȼһ˿⣡һֳԽе⣡
¶ЦݣΪսʤЦͨƾеһս̫һˡ
ϵؽ似似ٽںϣȻһ̫ĽݾֻҪĥһֱд衣
ҡҡͷҲûиõİ취ûлȥ
ӵǵѪûȥضųꡣʵ˫

̫ȭ
ǣ
һʧ䣬ôҲŪףԼѾˣŽ֣ôᱻһ꽡ٴܣ
įػȥˣܹսʿҲɢȥˡһʿ˷ܵ˳̧꣬סػŽ˿С
Ӫͷʤһۣһȥʤһ˷ܵ˵Ҫѵ
½
½ôˣʱʹˣﲻգҲмս𣿡
ڶա
ԺǰȴˡӪ֮⣬һİˡ
֮󣬳ˡӽ쿪ʼѵֶһˣǾǰİˣʤƷԱҪпվѵҽѵͽλʤ
вɿЦ˰Լʲôһ۷俴ʻһԼĪԼһʻ
ǱߵķʤȴĻᣬ͵Ȳˡų뿪Ժӣ˼ճһţӪܣֱӴųģնȥúӪŴ
Ӫܹģգֲͬͺŵսʤǲܲ˵شųһģգ˵ֻӪ֮ſʼӴһɻʱ򣬷ʤҲ٣һЩ⣬˽˳ˮƽȻͿʼģտʼӻ꽲
֮жһѵʦӵæµͳʵԳżľѾﵽŵЭȣͷʤѧϰ÷ǳ졣ֻ˼ÿεʱ䣬ͺŵķɻ
һա
ʤͳֱһģգһսӥ16սȻģڵ¼˾ģվս
꣬׼𣿡ʤӶ
棬׼ϣ
ãȥսĶ
ǣ٣
Ѹٵؽ뵽ĺսǾվΪѵ±ģսҲкܶϱϰ½˿ѡǣһѡͲ׼ı䡣
ＸʱͺĶսһȥͿսڻ
꣬ϡֻҪɫս͸Ҵҿܹ伸ս
̾߶ȼУΪѾ˶һɫսХ
սӥ16Ŷսȥ˫ڵŶԷս뵽̷Χ֮ڡ
ֺȣ׶ԷҲȻڵս뵽Է̷Χ֮ڡǱжͷӦٶȣ˭յʱ׼ȷ˭Ӧڽ뵽̷Χȷ
䡫
һӳսǰ˳ȥ漴ȥ˲һ룬ԷսҲڻ
ͷųһ֮̽ɻбһȥһԹۿķʤþһ㶡
ô̫ȭбʽ
䡫
սһŻ棬Ĺȴųս
ߵսһ󻶺ʤҲ˷ܵغСӣɵĺã
䡫
һսսų˹ڳһΧ˵͡ľ߶ȼУ˫ַɿزٿأӥ16ڿмٵػһSͷɵܷɻγ˷Сһ࣬ͬʱĹ
սһܷɻȻһŻ棬˲˶Է͡
䡫
һӳĲݸˣսͬһֻӥ׽ðؼٸȥ͵ϮսȻڿһӷսĻͷϣ׼Ǽ͵ϮԼսӹһ˿΢Ц
ǼܵһαԼɵս·ҳ걨
һť䡱һͷһӷȻԷվӸг롣
һƬڣͬʱҲӭĸ߶ӡʱĳȴһĸ֮С


84 ս
һ⣬Ǿ似УǹǹУҲлСղʹбʽӷԲǷʤʲôģԼȻȻزٿسġȻҲΪžżľܹöԷսķٶȺڻٶȷԭ򣬲ԼݵʹĲٿء
ǣܹȻȻսʹ̫ȭʽǿսʷϵһ٣̫İ꣬۴ںսʽ֮УԾؽ̫İں˽ȥ
䡫
ֿαԼǼɻִʱټսҲųͳ˹
ľٶŭڳзģһҪŵСӴԺ󲻸
ҲѸٵжܹټս۸һս
ҳһƬǧܷɻڿݺύһͬڱ֯һŴʱȫ˶Կս֮УеĹ켣֮ݺύĹ϶䴩󣬵Ĺȴ֮
꣬Ǽܱսҧס㡣
ڴķʤ̾ͷ˱ԼλǼսԼĺҧסԼֻǳĶ̫죬ǶҲϵر仯ûиԷĻᡣ
ִŰ
һ߲ٿŷɻĹдһ߿ʼעںҧסԼǼս
עһбЩԾսԲһֻ񣬶һΪķԱ
սУǼսȻɵضܿһظ˳սߡ
һս˺棬óһִâڱĸо
˫ַɿزսڿлһߣȴͻȻһߣͷ׼ǼսĲ
ǼսƺѾЩӦ˳Ĺ죬ڳڿлߵʱ򣬾Ѿ˱仯Ļͷ׼Ĳ֮ʱǼսڿԱ˳ͬʱ׼˳ꡣ
䡫սȿ
˫ַɿزݣӥ26һƯбʽ˶Էڻͬʱ˺ͶԷľ롣
ɣſй˳ȥ
սͻȻĪڿжһ£̶ﴫһϤ꣬㣡
䡫
սһŻ棬꾪غХ
䡫
ڳһʱһٺķӥ16սϣս򱬡
Ҫٴε¼ģȴ͵ر¶˷ʤűߵëԴˣɵڿиʲô𣿡
֪Լ˳ʶԴֻŷʤĭԼһͷ֨
ۣʤݺݵذѲŸˤϣתˡ

³һŷʤ뿪˻ٴε¼˿սսһսսͿʼѰХս
ܿ죬ͿХǼս˹һӭȥһ߽Ƶ˵˽ͨ״̬С
ХŰζô˵ˮƽ½簡ôģ
ХЦ
ڿվսϳһ澰һܺսһսɳսȦսȦΧɡ
˱߷űŸʱֺгĳڱսȦеĺˡ
ô¶
ģⳡսİɣ
սȻһߺгȥˣ
ɵ
ԣɵ
ǧܷɻųХХǺųХ˷ŭĻ档
˻ûŪ״ͱ˻档
͵ģһΪʲô˺ŭ𣬲ɷЦ
뿪˻ԼԺȥϵЦ⣬һХһоԼͻڵ߲㲻Զˡ
صԼԺ䣬һӰ˹ѩǡʱѾһ壬վڳϣһͷڳϹȥ
˵˫ѩǵͷһ࣬ȻŰѩǷſܵԡȥϴ裬ѩҲ˽ȥһһǰԡŪһ㡣
ʱ򣬳һСϢ˵ǵڶݶӪ׼齨սСӣ±ԲμѡΣӪ˵ϱҲԲμѡΡｫֻѡˡ
˷սСӣÿСһˣֱµȱսСӣеȱսСӣϵȱսСӡ
Ҳ˵Щ±ֻܹμµȱսСӵѡΡ
Щ±ҲԵ̫ˡҪ֪µȱǰںΣǧ±ĿǰΪֹֻͻڣĶڡЩ˵ϱвڵʿҲڵڰ˲ĸ֣Щ±Ҫѡȥûϣ
ǣⲻܹסЩ±飬ʳ̸֮۵Ķ顣


85 ѡ
ιβμӣ䲻֪ʲôʱ˹Ŀⶢųͯս
ȻҪμӣͯս˵
أͯսĿⶼ˳ꡣ
֪ǲġ
أ
ȻҪμӣ
꣬ͯս˲˵ͷԷ극໥һкѸٵȥ
ҲԼԺȥһ·ĥӪسսСӾΪʲôһֱߵԼԺ䣬ҲûףԱ㲻ȥ롣ԺŲϣѩǽ뵽ٲţȻѩǽ뵽硣
뵽磬Ӹѩһŷ࣬Ȼ㿪ʼ浽ˮֵ֮һƿҩϵ·£Һ֮С
ͨ
ոҪʼܰʽȴѩһ˳
ǣȥȵ
ǲûĻȥҺţһܵģ
ѵҩѩҲкô
ϸؿһѩǣȻһܵģָоһҺҩѩǻۡ
ȥˣʲô
ƵִӴ˳ȡһƿҩҲ֪ٵȥһƿҩԼ᲻ܲˡ룬һҧƿҩҲ˽ȥʮ֮ҩȫں֮ǿ˿ֻѩǣһܵģв΢ѩֶһԻ
˾ЩԣԼҲǳԻԳЦЦҺ֮С
վҺ֮иоһ£ûܹԵ㿪ʼڳܰʽһʼбܰʽ̸о˼ȵʹֹҪ߳һô򵥣ʹ
ϵļͬһһ¡𣬷·֪ʲôʱͻᡰ顱һһ㡣
ڳľѾ˾żڳû߿ʱѾ˹ȥﻹҧбܰʽ
ʮ֮󣬳ʹ࿪ʼᣬΪҺеҩŨȿʼͣһѩܲ͡
ֹ˶ʮӣҺеҩڱѩһաشӳ˳Ȼ˵ϡѩǵһٱģӳ˳ſڳϣͷų
ʹرۣ૵Ҫң
ڶ졣
Ȼڳѵʱ齨սС飬ѡһºС絥ѵʱ򣬳ʹսСӾô¶ȴһ䡰ѡ˵˻ȥ
귢Դƿҩѩһ֮Լٶֿķ֮һҡ
ԭԼҪͻڵ߲㣬ôҲõ¸£û뵽ڵ£ҲӪصĵµĵڶʮ죬˳ͻƵڵ߲㣬ﵽǧٹ
ľȴûͻǸϡʱѡʮʱ䡣
ҲڳͻƵĵڶ죬ͯսͻˡﵽڵһ㡣
ʮ
ѡʼˡӪڵµʿǣ±żﵽһˡԶ֪ǺδĿĵʻȥ
꣬һѡһˣҲ̫ϸˣڳߵ˵
ͯսƲƲԭһǿʤĵطֻ̭ܹԹԼı²С
ͱ֤ܹѡȥͯսһۡͯսɫһ͡
˵βȱֻ˵ȷʵѶȲС
ͯսĬˣѡλһֱڼ֮£Գ궼Ž磬ֻԼǰȻҲ˶̽Σյʱòá
ʻһʱ䣬ʱֲŵһɽȿڡʱЩµȱѾеȱϵȱֿˣֻнһµȱ
һɽȿڼϣɽȿڵΧͣʮֱܾ
ʿǣһ洫˳ӭǰμѡЩֻܹѡһˣһʵսѡΣϣܹͨѡΡ
ɽоǵѡ֮أ涼һЩרΪ׼һҪľǽȥɱЩÿɱһֻͽǵβͿɱ֤໥ɱǽɽ֮󣬻ʮֱɽϿɱʿᱻС
ǾڳϢһ˵ǽɽȣĵѡΡǲ֪˻ɱǾֻܹϵȥɱ
ڸһϵĿʱ䣬һɽȣζ㿪ʼμѡΡ;ǲ˳ģÿ˶Ҫ׼Ϊʵеģ˳ⲻˡ


86 ʼ
Χ֮Щ±ϼֳԥ֮ɫ
ˣڻصϢǶ˸Ҫ˳ԷҪ֪ѡεʱǳҪ
ʿǿʼֺԼȥϱﴫ޼ɵĳЦ±ǣǻȥ̰ɣѡβܹμӵģ
Ҳܹô˵ʱŵƨ˵ͰЩѬȥˣ

ûЩϱȥǵ϶ɢ⺷ϢҪЩ±ǿ
ص˳ϣһϱ۾
ԼǧٹҲ൱ڵʵЩϱڵϵĳǧˣѡֻѡһˣԼ˵һѰ
ҲҪԣ
Լ˲߱ƣԼӵϾߵ߾磬żԼ÷ɽǽż֮Լĸо쳣ٽ۵˫ۣԷٶȡ
ƴˣ갵Եսȭͷ
ƴˣһҪսӣͯսסȭͷ
ƴˣϧһУסȭͷ
ڶ졣
ա
һֱļ́ͷȥʮֱܾѾգɽڷȥ
ֳһʿžʱϱ±Ĭռһֽš
ڣ˳վߣ
һǧ±ĬĬߵߣûЦǣҶĬšĿضɽȿ˶š
˵㡣
Żش򿪣ɽȿڳڴҵǰһ޺洩
еĲɽڳ˽ȥҲ˽˳Уɽȥ
ѡȷֻ֪һҶĬѡ˵жûСһȥɱ
ɽȺܴҲΪӣ֣꣬кԣһ˳˽ȥ֮󣬴ʶطֿԺܿ˴˿Է
ʱһݵϣ߱߼žĴšԶԶһ޴Ӱӳųͣ˽ŲصŶǸһ
ϵĸ߶ȣĳӣ޴˿־ĺ⡣
ʲô
Զʱڵ
ӹһ˿ЦôһλĶԼĲռơ

ʱҲ˳꣬һĺУ漴ͬĸһƶ̤òݵһƬǽ壬ͬһͻͷһųײ˹
ͬ䵶ƿ֮ڳмٵطŴ
۾зھ嵽ǰһ˲˫Ȼעеһţα˲һߣ޴ӳ߼ٳǿ罫·졣
ھͷոճԵ˲䣬Ӷȥһ׼˫žĸݺݵش˽ȥ
ۡ
Ķλأٶȼ죬ͣסͬһ۵Ļ𳵴ӳ߳ͬڴϣ˿˫ֱھĸбһ޴Ŀӡ

ĿзһӸ޴Ŀвϵص¡¡صת壬ǳһųٴײ˹˫۾
һתٴγľ
ֻٴδӳ߳˹ȥγ˾һֽ࣬һĸп
ξٶԵꡰڡһӵԾھĺ׷˼׷˾ҽڵϺݺһ壬һαȵھıھûзӦʱ˫ݺݵžľȥ
ۡ
ǰ˾ľֻ½
ಡ
һշӾĺȥ

ͷţûĿĵײԱ߲Զһ֣ϡﻩײһĿźȻһȥ

곤³һһɱֶλĴһóЩš
СǰȥֻѾˣ˫ؽӾľ˳һȪһѪ
Ѹٵؽβͼ඼ûȥȡΪ֪һԼ֪ɱССıװ࣬һԼжȻЩϧǼٵ뿪
γֻ֣ͷһͷ壬ӹһ˿⡣ͷ¾ڵҲδܹԼɱ
⻹Լûþ£ԼϾ»ӵɡ


87 ɱ
γ֮󣬳ַ˽Ųһ߼žĴţһ˼ţԼĴһԼϴɱԼɱ˼ֻͺľǸʱ˵ɱԼһЩˣҪɡ´λþɣƾĿǰʵ޷ͨѡ
ɽڸʱڽŸָսѾʼˣ˿ʼ
˵Ĵ±ȫ±±ڼʶʵĲпᡣͣ˽Ų֪ƾԼһ˵޷档ǿʼɽȿڵķˣؼеһγһӴĶ顣
ѾѡֻһܹԱʱϵѡ
Щ±Ӱûг꣬ûͯսҲû䡣
һƬݵ֮ϣӰٵؽţ˫Ϊ٣˵˫Ŀ˴زӰ
ͻȻһζסˣһӰǴܵ˰УͻȻʧȥ˿صˤ
ǶӰǳ꣬ʱǸˤڵϵӰббشǰһεѪ˳Ž£۵⴦
ڳıʱһֻѸһٶȼûзӦʱǷǰצѾ˺ĺ
Ѹڵڰ˲ʿҲҪֵСģһűѸ˺ĿܡǸپ˼ɱ¾ĵһЩĻѸʾͳɡ
ǳȴǺɵؽնɱΪžھ۵˫۵ʱѸһжˣ׵ؾͿԶѸ˻׵ѰҵѸһɱ
ǰѸβͼŽı
ʮһˣҲ֪ܹܲսӡټӰѾɣ
Ȼһ̧ͷӵһֻѸŲݼѸ͵˹Ƿһ˿ЦݣѸٻ˫ۣѸٶҰ
ѸӷſѪų˹ֻ΢ֻѸ˻һȥһ˷ѣǡôͬʱһâͬһڿ
ֻѸͷ­ͱͷֱˤ˵ϣ廹鴤˼£㽩Ӳ
ʮ
ٵؽѸβ͸Ž˱ͻȻüë΢΢һһץסֻѸμӶһ֮ڣֻѸӵһ£Ϸһݣֹסһ֦һα֦֮ϣʵҶ֮У˲ԼľԼһϢ
һֻǳ֮⣬ӣһ˫ĵ۾ֳ˷ܡ֮˼ͣһ˫˷ܵ۾¶˽
ֵһ࣬һһѳһֻԳɱšǰѵֻаƿȴʮֵطͯսնһƬĻ
ǣɱԳƵòˣѾ˺ۡȻ䣬ǳԳ˿Уڿͯսץ˹ȥǳԳĹƣͯսĿǰĴ
ȻͯսĳϵϢڼٵͣһͬĻе磬ҫ˫һƾȻһơ
ۡ
ֻӿµĳԳͯսһͷβնͨڵϣһƬѪ꣬ͯսȾѪ졣
ǣһ˫۾ȴȴԵذûбѪȾϣɫ˲԰סλ˻Ρ
֡
еĳ˵ϣסΣȴһ˿Ȼ΢Ц૵꣬벻һưɣսͯսԲ㣡
ֵһֻ࣬ʧ˻ɣֱеѪ֮С
꽫Ϣ˼£ʱͬһ֦һ㡣

֦Ҳ
ȥ
֦ͣҲͣ
Լصľǳ⣬ĿעֻڷɿؽӽµѸʬ塣
ǣ׺ݶɡǴʱѸʬԱߣȴɱ㹻ľ衣
Ǿ͵ȷΧûΣգͷʼʳֻѸʱͷϵʵҶбһ⡣
һûüնͷ­
ֻǼϢʱ䣬ξ뿪֣ɽȵȥ
顫
αһͷԶϬţײ˳ȥڿ㵹˳ȥʮףصˤڵϡ
洫¡¡ֻԶϬţѾ˹һͦӵվһ˿Ѫϵȴͦùͬһӡ


88 µ
飡
ͼطһâȻǽâȻ飬ұ۾ۼٵȭۡ
ʱԶϬţѾ¡¡رĸǰǱϢƺ絽ϡ

ȻǰһȭݺݵϬţͷ­˹ȥ
顫
һε˳ȥβǷɳȥֻĵȥͷϬţǰٶȻҡҡλεֱ˼䡱һǰ

䳤³һɫһƬ԰ףҸ첲ڼزѪҵ
꣬һսӣɲҪʧŵƣҲӦŵưɣ
һּţŲȻûͣȴ¶һ˿Ц⡣û뵽ѸȻ͵Ϯ
ʱھԼʮ׳һſһֻѸһ˫۾ԽԽĳꡣ
ǵЦ󣬶ڳľҪһصѸͲһ¡
Ҷһ죬ֻѸͬһֻ˳ꡣ
һâų𣬿һƬѪꡣһѸͷ­ɵһߡ
𡫡
Уɫһ䣬ӰѸ
ֽ˽һ˶ԸѸû˿İա̧ͷһۿУ͸߲Ҷһֱܾ
ȷԼþƶ̽᲻ᱻֱϵ˷֣뱩¶
𡫡
ֻѸһ˲ع˲֧ͬҵһس˳ꡣ˲佫ż˫ϣֻѸĶҰзֻѸǰצץ˲䣬һֻѸڳཻ
һԼǰһǰֻٶܶԷĹĶ໹
һ⣬Ǿܵľ롣

ܵľ룡
ֻǵܵٶȣܵľ롣ֻҪһľ룬ȴΪܳľ룬һһһΪܾ󣬲Լʧȥ˷ʱҲԷĻᡣ
ǣԼСܵľ㿪ԷĹȻٶȷǾԻԵ˺Ч
ǣڳҪʮָߣҪ̵ľܶԷĹǾͱԶԷĹ켣жϣһΣյ顣ǸղųֻѸ˲䣬оԼΪžż
֮ǰնɱֻѸʱԼֵľ͸ոպãֻǵʱԼЩţ˵ʱһɲǡ
ʱףһߵĿֲرѾﵽżߡ
ߵĿֲɲڿʹɽһֲܹ֮ŸΪӾܹԷٶȣþܶԷĹ˺ܶ࣬Աͨ˵ӵ̫ơ
𡫡
ֻѸһų˹ûлӳԼеǾ߶ȼУҰֻѸıܵĹ켣ͬڷͷ
ԿʼֻѸĹһСܵľ룬ֻѸţķΧԽԽСҲԽԽСԸĻԿһնɱһֻѸûУѾֻѸѵԼĵߡ
𡫡
ִһС۾һѸٵسֻѸļлȥ
𡫡𡫡
ֻѸڳ׷
γ֣һֻѸԼûжܣӭֻѸ˹ȥٽֻ˻Ѹ˲䣬ŲһӺ˰벽ֻѸʹ˹ȥ
תͣ˷ܵŶֻѸֻѸļлѾ㲻˳ϵҪֻѸİΧǸѸ
УֱܾѲš
ֱϵļһϸɽɨţһţҰ̫ˣȻô
Щ±ӵǻ֪֪һѡ
ǺǣҪǼʶʲôǲпᣬʲôս±һսûʲô𡣡
սҪЩϱһξ̾˵
ϱ±ھϵ⡣һξ˵֮ʵԭŲɿԽĲࡣЩϱп˲ˣ±ȴֻոͻƵһˣѡԭ±ʶһ£ѵ㻹ϣ±ѡȦڣ


89 ΢
ǺǡôܣֻǸпһ£Ǹոոпξ䣬ͻȻɫһ䣬ָ·ȵ˵ǸͻƲõ±ɣ
ʱѾڣѪۣһֻ첲ƺѾܹˣȴһȭһֻǵԴ飬Ȼ˹ǵβͣһĶӡ
˻СӾȻѽľ磬ıĹĵģ˵˰ǿ
һξüͷΪ̫ͣӲʹ飬ʹʮΣ˾ͷˣӴԵʹûʹʮΣȥ֮ҲҪһ¡߾ĳɼ˰ǿҪ𣿡
ҪΪʲôҪֻҪϣźܴǱýսϸѵһ
ǸξҪ˵ɫһǱ߻һ
ֱϵĿȥͯսϵϢһһͷ޴ͷ­顣
ֱϵһξ¶ݵͯҵı˺˶𣿾Ϊ˽սӣ
ͯսѸٵظβͼ⣬תһ·ĵȥ

ֱϵļ˳³һǸ¶ݵξ¶һ˿ɵɽȿˣͯСӻ֪
һξԶָ˹ȥֱϵ˶Ŀ·ȥʱҲҡҡλεɽȿڵķȥ
Ѿ׼ȥˣǲ֪ɱ
ͷ˿ϵֱһξ˵ھʱ仹һСʱˣҸоӦܹǿû뵽Щ±гô̥
Ǻǣ±Ҳܹϣ뵽ǿˡСӾ±иոͻƵڵʿɣ

ţ±뵽սҲǸЩϱһ
ţǡʲôǸξͻȻ㵵·
ʲôôˣҲ·ȥ
ĲݵϣʱаֻѸΧųţȴУֻڰֻѸ֮š
⡭
ֱϵѾˣʱһֱĳ꣬ļֱ˳꣬ҲųͷϷ˹ֱڳͷϵĸ߿һ˫˫۾𾪵·ĳꡣ
Сӡǳꣿ
ꣿһǵڶݶӾӪеξʵ˭
һ±ֻڡ
ڣǸξ۾
Сӿɲǹ̥ô򵥣ֱ
СӾôģһڵ߾Ȼ΢ӵ¾ڵҲĶְɣ
СӺǸոɵ΢
ðֻѸԼٶȺÿ죬ղŻ΢ЩɬڻѾﵽ΢㿴ϵ·м˺ˣӦǱѸ˺ġ
˻һξһ˵ڽɽڻû΢ǽ뵽ɽڲſʼģøߵ
ǲ˼飬䣬ΪȻܹ΢±ɣûоսôģ
һ±˰ǿսˣҵǺڴЩϱǺ
ѸտʼӵֻʱȴæһӣѸץüΣǿ͸ķ£ûˡ
ϾžżľĲӦܿȥӦֻѸѾ´ࡣʱмֻѸѹڴһЩȻԼڲμѡԼնɱˡҪΪ˼սӣҪ
ֶˣһֱǰͬһâڿ֣˵
ͨͨͨ
ֻѸ˵ϣɿؽֻѸβͼɽȵɿ˹ȥ
죡죡
ֱһųȥ
УֱڳһΣϿշС
ϣͬһֻѸһӰڲݵϷɱ
ʵսֻʵսܹҷɿسɳһ߷ɱһ˼š
ߵΪֻʵеһ֣似ʶͬҪ
ʱĸо˾żĿֲɿԼ似ʶٶȴﵽһ˿ֲĳ̶ȡţ¾ڵǿҲδܹ΢ľ磬Լܹ֮˿΢żûžԵá


90 ѡ
ǰһֻǣ˷ɱĳꡣ
𡫡
͵ŭһų걼˹ͻȻͣΪֶǸྐྵȻû˿ηԳ˹ǹǵջǱ˳צڵ٣ȻԸٶų˹ȥ
һһѪͨһǵʬӿе䡣һͣתѸ˹ǵߣǵβͼնӽ˱ȻͬһֻѸһɽȥ

ڳĶһͷͬһֻװ׳һų¡¡ײ˹
ͬһĴӹһĲӱ㱻п˰ѪͬȪһ˳ȴɹԵǰȥ
һͣ׷˹ȥʱٶѾҿʼҡֻǼ׷һץסβͼ⣬һնͽβͼնȻͷͼɽȥͷǰźȻһ˵ϡʱĳѾܳȥʮס
Уֱϵ˿Ŀɿڴ
Сӷѵѡһ
ҿǲ񣬿û±̭ǿ֮⡣
£֪֪ղһ·ѾɱʮһֻټԭǰֻѸѾɱʮֻ˵ǿǽǰʮҲûⰡ
ԽɽԽࡣͬһһһǰӹնɱһֻֻһͲҪڶ
˻΢ֲ̫ˣֱϵһξҲһʹ΢Ǿûôֲ
ں˷ܣֻƷżܹﵽ̶ȡԼͻƷ뵽ƷԽµĴУͿγʶţ״ǸʱͺԼӵ˳ǧ˫۾ԶΧһС
Ȼû֪һʲô״ֻҪһ붼úˬ
ͻȻɽϿյֱϴͨĺѡеĲ뿪ɽȣѡеĲ뿪ɽȣ
ͣ˽Ų̧ͷ˿ֱ³һ
ˣҲ֪ûѡϣûѡϣҲջС΢ܹþȫƾдﵽ΢͸ˣ
ɽȿڣȹرյĴڴˡһǧһֱڴŴ±һһѷӿ˴š
Щ±еܵɽȿ֮ǰѾˣеĻ˺أеʿȱ첲ȣ˷˳ȥ
Щһ±оͯս䡣ʱһ˵϶Ѿڣ϶ȾѪɫҲȲ԰ףһֻ첲ѾˣͯսҲһȳһաֱͦżȽŴȥ
վ˴ſڣ˲Լͬػͷһ£ɫЩء˵ͯս᲻ᡭ
ᣡͯսҧ˵ǳȥ
½½ֿʼ˳ˣЩ˶ϱ±һսʿĿضɽȿڣȴųꡣǼżȻͯսܹҲһܹ
ǣͯսȴһء֪ܹ֮ΪԼԼĵƣǵûа¾Եػָһʡûеƣֻƾֳʵûа취ɽڻ
ˣ
ͯս۾һɽ˳ϵ·ֻƿڣıȴǹĹĵģͯսĿ쳣ع졣
ôңЩë
ڳıɫһ꣬ɱ˶
΢üë˼һµ֪ûɱ˶٣
ɱʮԺ˵
Ҳʮͯսü֮Ҳӹһ˿Ȼ
˵ͷѡ۽Ѿ֪ͬƾͯս֮ǰֵʵǸɱʮ
Ƕһŵư֮ǰû¶
ڣеĲʿϽβͣ
ɽȿڵĴŴʱѾرգɽȿһһȺš
˶Ǹ˹ȥȻԾų˶飬һһϽβ͡
βͣ
һβͣ
βͣ
βͣ
ʮֻβͣ

ʮֻβͣ
䡫дһ䶯
ʮֻ治ϱ


91 ǵ·Ҫϴ
ֵܿ˳ˣͯսվڳǰ棬˸Խʮβ͡Ǹ˿±Ȼʮֻβͣص˵ͷͯսû뿪վһԿų꽫һһβͣ
Ҳݡվڳһϱ˴ֿڡ
ǸξҲһ£ֱϵЩˣȻҲûп΢Ŀֲǿ˳µȱװȻ֪һ±գգۣԼˣֲĵһ䣺±
泤٣±һӪһ걨ꡰžһһ
Ϣ
ξ͵ؿ˲Ƕһۣ㿪ʼȻغ±һӪһ꣬նɱʮֻ
䡫
һκ䶯һЩϱųĿǳع죬һЩɡ
ʱĳͯսѾһķȥ
꣬ǸﰡֻһͳԽǸϱҿһֱעţǸʮβ͵ϱڿѡĵһʲô⣬ѡĵһˡһĽ˵
һԵͯսһҲֳһ˿ݵöڶˡҺ仹֪ܲѡϡ
ֳӪأڶ쳿ѵʱվڶǰĿڳ꣬ͯսǰɨ¶һ˿Цݵ꣬ͯսУ
ͯս϶¶ϲɫٵسУ꣬ͯս
ããܺãѡ±ֻ˽սӣһߡסսӣҪһ
ǣһһ
һ˫˫Ľ;Ŀ⡣
ѵ񽻸˸ųͯսӪصĶȥߵ㿴ĴҲŶȥ
˴к̸߽߱ţ±Ҳڵ̸ţÿ˵϶͸¶˷ܵЦݡ
ܿӪصĶһյŸ߸ߵΧǽŴʱعرţڴ֮⻹ʿվڡ
ȥ˵˼䣬һվڵʿóһͨѶ˵˼䣬ȻϵһСŴˣתǽȥɣ
˵˵ͷ굱߽ǸСţͯս
һ뵽ڣ˳ԾĲٳһŵС¥һԺ¥
һξ˲ٳţȻȥˡĿΧȥʱΧѾʮϱ֪ЩҲӦѡʿ
ȺϱؿųˣϵķװܹµȱֶʶͿ϶˶±ˣЩϱɫȻһ䣬ƺһ±ܹϽʮβͣӲŵѡĵڶЩϱȥϱеϸϽβʮֻеϱͶǰǸСӸȥ
ģǻǮ±βͶ˹Žսӵİɣ
ЩϱôҲϳƾԼıնɱʮֻ治֪Щôģôһ˻˽
ЩϱƵڳ˵ɨš
Ǹʮβ͵Сӽʲôţ
Ҽǵг꣡
ǸϱĿȺѰһȦһĲߵȴʵϱϣЦ˵ΪͣȥǸʲô֪һʲô±ϱĲࡣ
ʮ꣬ڵ㡣
ǸϱԣϹŵЦ⣬߳Ⱥмɨ˳˵˭ǳꣿ
ʱѾ˶Է뷨Ҳ˷Դ΢֮󣬻ûк˽֣һڵߣȻ֪ﵽڵڼ㣬ǼȻܹսӣҲӦɡ
Ŀһ۶ǸļķʿЦٲ˳ȥվ˷ǰ˵Ҿǳ꣡
´һ³꣬ͷֵҪѵһ£ǵ±Ҫ±ӣԺЩϱҪǵ·Ҫϴ
Ӻڿ㣡һϱغ
ʮϱЦһš
һ۷ſЩϱķʽԼǰüķʿ¾ԼķˣЩճŭϱ˳սԼԼĲֻܹսپ
ȻԷдԼϣԼʲô
ǰһ壬˲㵽˷ǰһʽ̫ȭе乭仢ŷź˹ȥ


92 ˴
ûаѳĹһ£ԼһѵҪһ±С
ǳһȭӭųȭͷ˹ȥӹһ˿Ц·Ͼͻָѵ
ֻȭͷڿоҪײ˲䣬ĽŲһֻ΢۽˷࣬ȭͷʮֹڷǰʧˣȭΪƣһֵһ˼ĽǶȿ˷Ĳϡ
ͨ
۾һͻ˹ȥӽӲˤڵϡ

ž
ǳؼž
ЩϱԼûпĶѾˣһڵ㣬ŷḻսϱͱһ±ӻˡ
һл衣
ͯսҲһ𾪣Ǵûпô죬ôȷ
ѵǳĵƣͯս໥һۡ
һϱȺ˳ųǳСӣȻ͵ϮҸúɹǡ˵۸㣬ҵʵڵ߲㡣ڴӦӽԺϱ·ϴҾͷŹ㡣
ŶԷڵ߲ȻֻͬǰǼлɢǿơҲ߲׳һֶСĸо
һ˵ĿҲһ֮ˣټζԷСģβԼĻᡣ
׼ˣʱ˵͵Ϯɫƽ˵
ŶǸϱһӷ·һֻסӵѼӣһǵͨ졣һСӣҽڴ£ֱ뿪սӣ
СͬһһԾ𣬴һһͬһתķ糵ųɨ˹
ͬһһ㣬Ųֻڵ΢ҡͬ紵֮˶Էߵ˲䣬Ȼʴ䣬ͬһڵһس𣬰һֻһץס˶Էͷ
ԷʱʽѾϣڿУһץץסͷŻһͬʱϳϥǡ
顫
ϥڰкݺݵײڶԷϣԷڵ߲㣬Ҳסյĳײڳɿ֮ź˳ȥ
飡
ҽ䵽ɲǼһţӱͬһֻѸһش˳ȥǸϱ廹û䵽֮ǰһֵնĲϡ
ء
ϱ䵽˵ϣҲ˹ȥ
еϱˣһ˹ģǸͷϱɫһҪٲ߳ȴһſڴ˹
ڸʲô
Ǹϱľٲһ٣תͷȥѡϱϸգЦ˵ϸգûʲôҪѵһ¼±ӡ
ϸ˹һۻڵϵϱ΢΢üͷô£
ֳһ˿ΣǱǸСӴġ
ϸתͷ´һ³꣬Ǹõڶĳɣ
˵ͷȴû
ϸٴüͷһڵϵϱȻųԺϱ·͹ϴˣ¾ôˣûɣ
͡ЦˣûȴԵ͸¶
ͬ⣿ϸЦˣǾڴ°ɣ
䣬һͳų˹ȥ
ס֣
һȴϸյξһ٣˲ͣ۾һѡĵһǿ
ϸͣҲѰȥһξͼξξ˽
ϣξȵ
ϸտһ۳꣬ȻѸٵؿʼжӣԵϱʱҲ˹ӵŭص˳һۣҲϽȥжӡ꣬ͯս˶β
ξ˫ֱ˫Ȳ濪ĿϵɨǰһٸսԱ˵ҲЩϱѾµ齨սӵĿġΪһ˴ȡ
ˡ
һƬ˽г˷ܡ
ྲξһ̱üžһ˫˫۾˷ܵξ
ǣαѡϲζǾһܹμ˴ȣһٸ˵ֻܹʮˡ
һٸսԱоһ
ÿҸһٸҹһٸħռѷũܿռѷ촦ӵʮħܹÿõʮֻʮʤ˱̭ӽǾͻܵħһѵֲסԶ̭ûУ
ףһٸսԱص
ãЩʵ


93 һȺ
ξԶһȥھֻ׵ʱξͣת˵ûȫָʿվߡ
ͯսڵļʮʿߵߣڳֻʣʮˡξĿɨʮˣһξһ֣ǸξʱҲʮС콻ξֻξһץסʮСͶ˹ȥ
ʮ֧Сڿɢಡֲټȴдһġᡱ֮һʮСʮ߿֮ϡ
ˣξ˵ʮС죬Сʱʱ䣬ǴڿʼᣬСʱ֮󼯺ϡ˭С࣬һ֡
˵۾ˣһֿɲСĿ۾ҲڲҪѩǣÿľŻҪ࣬ǻѿǲСһ֣ܹһ⡣
ǵʼУ׼κı׼ĶԷɱߴɲָܹˡĹûκι򡣺ãڿʼ
ξĻһ䣬۾һʮϱΧ˹
̾Щϱͼξղ˵ˣûκι򡣿ЩϱԼȸ¡
һ̱˫ۡЩϱѾҪȺŹԼǲҽԼ˵ָܹԼڴȴû⡣
ĿѸɨΧʱʮϱѾڿٵغΧÿ˵϶ֳһ˿ˬУһ־Ҫʹ˵ˬС
ֵķ࣬ϱҲ֪Ҫó֣ܽһᱻС죬һڵ״ḴһЩΧŹ÷㡣
һԵļξξξξҡҡͷʾҲҪܣ״Ѿֲˡ
ܹϱΧŹһǵϱһ֪ϱ±ӣѵһҲδɡ
ٵػͷһ£ϱ٣ֻϡϡĸˣ໥֮ľܴ󡣵ǴʱųΧ໥֮ľС
ϵ˫һŵأӱԾ˳ȥһһϱ
Ǹϱǲӳ꣬Ϊ֮ǰѾϱóԼȫһֻȭͷƿ֮ųĴȺ˹ȥ
һԵξüͷ΢壬˲жϳǸϱôȫֻһ¾ŰѳеĿܡ
ֳһǰ͵һȣͻȻڿйһһɡһ˵򵥣ڿииͲףҪﵽǡöԷȭͷľȣһӶ࣬һٵľ룬ǼֱǷ˼
Ҳ΢Сľ룬óĶӵؿ٣ҲǸϱӵطӦ
顫
һŵǸϱϡǸϱӷԵ˳ӴϱϷɹϱİΧȦ˫֮󣬱Ѿ
ЩϱԵһ㶣û뵽±ӾȻڱʮϱΧ£ȶ֡
ϸո⣬ȫû뵽±ӻ˸ɴظɷһϱǸϱɲʲôߣһڵ߲ǿߡ
ȥʮǰµ˰ϸպݺݵ˵оܶξǰ飬̫ϱ
ಡಡಡ
µʮϱʼ׷ϺͰꡣٳ̫ˣʮ˿űȳܶ࣬ȴѶԳγܵķ£źܶĿ϶ɿرţͬʱϵظıŷ򣬾˫УѰһ϶
ųڲٳϷɱξЦˡ
ǵġ
ֻЦˣɫûһ˿ãûһ˿ӡʮϱΧ׷ȷѡںǳܹӶáϾЩ˵ĵֻһʿ׷Щϱʵ͵Ҳڵڰ˲㡣
ܣߵʵܴ򣬵ȴδشܡ
굱ǰڶݶӪ֮ǰĳ˼ЭԣЭԶʤˣǺܣټѾﵽ΢ܹ׵شϱİеķ϶ЩϱһȦ³꣬ȴóӵһķ١
˰СʱһЩϱһֱȫٵıЩסˡ
ϸһ֪ȥѽץתͷЦеξһŭͨ졣еת̳ŲٳϵϱҪˣǽһطƣƵǣ


94 
Щ³ϱһĿ͸¶һ˿塣С̫ˣֱ˰һͷ
ϱǸı˲ԣ̾͸оΣաЩϱʼԼһƣò˰СʱԼͻᱻƽǡ
Լܹܣĵñϱ١ϱʵߣ࣬ǲռƵģԭֻ뽫ʱϵСʱǲˡ
Ŀתֻ֣ʮϱźܴĿյԼȫܹ֡һ뵽ڣԼһ˻᷽ܶࡣԼϢصĽ̵ǰ׷ѵġ
̸ı˷ֵķɱȥ
ע⣬Сӳȥˣס
ǰʮϱ̽Ǹղſǿ˳ӵó֣ܽʮ˾Ͷˡ
ʮϱǳΣƶ̫ˣֻǺһܣ㽫ʮȻһ϶
ξЦ
ЦϱǾǶǵ裬һͷ֣Ҫѳץסݺݵһ١
ǣȵǳ֮ȴֳ겻ˡǿ˼СƮֻǴʱЩϱѾû˼ȥȡЩС졣
ԭȰѳʰˣȻʮ֮ٿʼʮС졣ûץʱ˭ҪȥȡЩС죬̾ͻΪϱĵˡ
Һһ飬ÿһ飬Ұѳѳ
ʮ˷ֳʮ飬ʼųꡣʱһҶïܴһ֦ϡ

֦ҡද
ͣʱ
֦಻
ϵԲʷҶɫͬԼϢü仺·ʱһ֦
ǰСʱȥʱ䲻ʮˡϱǿʼЩԭһС鿪ʼɢһϱʼĴѲ
Ȼ䵽һЩһ֦֮ϣûһ˿һʿش¾ĴţһֻؿĲȻһٿȥǸϱһ˹ȥ
һֻһץסǸϱͷûȥʱͼ˫Ƚһ֦ϣ̽ץǸϱͷൽϡٵؽϱ˳ȻϱһϡŻһĵμž˶ʮһ£ͬһֻèһһζ
һ

˸
ʮһ
ʱڼžţʱ䲻ʮˡغ͵ϮֶʵսзɿʱһԵʿ˹ܻϣ
һ˳ϸɫһ䡣ЩϱҲû뵽ϣѲʱҲϿˣǳֶʵǸǿûȥ鿴ʱǸϱĺУϸ̺
ಡಡಡ
Щϱڵĸ֣Ͳһݣһ̣ץסһ֦һᣬӾͷϣȻһѲ֮һһϡ
ûӣһϱͷɵ˳ϣֻӻû䵽ϣͱһŸ߷˳ȥ
ųξʹӴ˳ȥѾȥʱʱ仹ʮӣžԵİڲٳϷɱЩϱץ
׷
ϸܻغһϱڳų׷˹ȥʱĹȥϸպЩϱˣȻĻΧƵԽԽС֪ʱѾˡ
ϱ±Ľϱˣ
ܵûһ˿档һ˺ͳ굥һȺϱΧһ±ȴǸ±ģ͵Ϯʮһϱ⻹㿪ʼ굥ܵϱ
ϣ
ξشϱǵɫΪѿվξǰһͷͯսվڳԣ͸¶ϲʱ͵͵۽ǿһۣжԼĵƵĻܲսʤꡣ
ǶûõСɣξش
ϱͷ͵ĸͣҲ΢΢ϾԼҲûõС졣
ǺгϢȥС죬ȴȥΧһ±Ҳʹˣؼǻûд򵽣ûдҲͰˣȻһ±͵͵ؽЩϱŵ٣ǻǸϱ
ϱͷ͵ĸˣһͨ죬޲Ҹطȥʡﶪˡ


95 ͻ
ȻǷȥС죬ȥΧꡣǼʮϱûһƬ½ǣҰһֽ꣬Щḻϱûɣ
۾һһ־ˡ
ЩϱʱȴͬѪһ㣬һͷ
𣿡ξ
ûУʮϱͬ
ûԷ𣿡
ûУʮϱŲӺϵȴôҲڲס
ȥѡǵķӣǾЩŶԺȻһʱ䣬ԺǾҪԭӣסһ׼ʱＯϡɢ
ѡһܾĶŶԺΪԼܣҪ˴š֮ͯսһ뿪ȥʰ
ʵҲûʲôʰģѸְѾս磬һֱûǸһֻһЩҩ豸ûжٶЩװ˼ӣȻԿųͯս͵սӣֻڳϻһͷѾһװҳѩǡ
Щϱһͷһװ˳ѩǽʱ򣬶һֹŹֵĿ˳ꡣǼֲ֣ɫȻؽԼסһ·Χų껶رš
ԼסѡһΪԼʵңȻڲðŸѩԱ߱Ŵ֣ȵǣȥﵷҡ
ء
ǡءһͷȥȻͶſڣʱػͷһæµеĳ꣬һӣźǳæţûп
ء
ѩǵĵͺȻóһͷԺű򿪣սӵǸξ˽ϽԼеܵ˷
٣
ξһʾȻĿѩǵϣ΢΢üͷģ
ǣ٣
ΣգҿҪ˰ɣ
泤٣ҴСģΣգҵĻ
ξüͷ¶һ˿ЦݵðɣŰɡѩĻһܴ
лл٣м־һ
ξ˰ֵһ췢вһԥɱ
ءǷصͺ
ʵĵһš
Ǻǣ̵ߵġξֿһѩǣת뿪ˡ
һ㣬սʼˡսӵѵȫյʽסѵյĻС
ѵ͸ֿγֻһ磬賿ӿʼǸξͼξξѵڿΡʱȻһǿȺͽų̶ȴǳ֮ǰһ
ڴҶߣҪսӻǸǽϵʱ˳á
û˿˷һʱ䣬Ҵʱ֪սֻһʼҪ̭ʮЩֻܹʮˡÿ˶Լľ֡
ȻҲ˷һ˿һʱ䣬ÿжۣÿܰʽһξҪʱ䲻ϵϰ̫ȭһٸʿУǳΪֻͣһڣһ߲㣬ûдﵽڵ۷塣
ȻЩΪѵĽźǿȣټֻʮʤѹЩϱûҳ鷳ЩϱĿⶼǲơԣҲеҪԼΪ
ǣΪҪ߾ܹߵģʹÿƿҩѩǳɳúܿ죬ѾͻƵ˶ס
ֻͻƵ֮󣬺Եһ׵ԽԽСˣѾʼҪ׵߽λˡ
ʱѩǵѾ׳վȳ껹ߡĳɳ̫ˣΪÿ϶һͳһҩݣࡣǸų꣬ûҲܳɳ֮졣
ڳӪĵµĵڶʮ죬Ҳǽ뵽սӵĵʮ죬ӭһͻƣʵﵽ˲㣬ﵽǧİٹҪľǲϵԼʵƵ۷壬Ȼȥͻڵıϣڡ
һھͻõĶ֮һҲǻǧİٹĻһǧ߰ٹﵽǧһٹ
Щ߾Ǵﵽڵڰ˲ҲֻǧŰٹǸʱ꽫ᳬһǧٹǰʮԲ⡣


96 
갵㣬ڵǧİٹҲ൱ڵʵЩϱ϶١
ҽ뵽ڣÿһһʮٹǵһʵѸ͵ٶȳЩϱ
꺨شһ̫ȭһϸ֮󣬳ˬ͸

곤³һḧϵë˵ͻˣûСһµ̫Զ
֪Լ΢֮ǰԼԲѾǶ׵ѩǶ֣Լþʹó΢ɲеĶ֡뵽ЩɥԼʵȻһԼĳ
֮󣬳뵽ĵһǽ°汩ܰʽڸǿХԼϾҪ°汩ܰʽϽ磬Ȼоһµʱ䣬Ȼͻƹ㣬һµʱǿХѾˡ
ҳڷǳȱ֣ѩѾڻһ࣬Ҫ֪׵һҪһǧ֣ڻǹҪñܰʽȡ֡
Ȼͯսѣ˽ӴΪֵýѣҲӦһ¡ȻΪ֮ǰϰ汩ܰʽˣûԼƷҩİһ°汩ܰʽҲԼǻһЩҶһͻҲźܴİ
뵽ȡһźãȻǰ°汩ܰʽһ飬֮ԣּһЩ˵ƳһѹֱĸǿХ䡣
ְ֮Ϸоһݣְҩķҩܲһݡ
뿪ԼԺ䣬žԼϽסȥʱѾĵңԺ⣬㰴һ塣һ洫صĽŲһ¶˹Űӵ䣬ɫһ㶵£
Ҳϻߡ
Ҵ·
䵹Ҳʳʲôˡ˽ȥһ·ﻹһѺ񱳿ɽܵǰҪȥϱ𣿡
꿴еĺ񱳿ɽǿЦãиж䶼ΪʲôŵҪԼȥܣܲ˵ǶԳΡ
Ǵܣȥͯս
ޣ
䲻񱳿ɽ󣬸ųͯսסȥ
˺ܿͯսԺǰְ壬ܿԺžͱ򿪣ͯս¶˳һɫҲһ£п䱳ں񱳿ɽɫ̱صܣ
ЦãĵôǺսӡͯսСڲٳмϱѰ˹
Ͻһѽͯս˽ȥȻԺУŹϣѹ˵ʲô֪ܰܣ
ͯսָָ
һܣ
ͯս໥һۣȻĿͬʱ˳꣬ųһ𰸡
֪°ʽҸİɣ
ͯսһͷ˲ͯս۾һѹ˵ѱܰʽҲˣ
˵ͷѾͻƵ˲ˣͬʱҲܰʽɹˡղŰѾĵо䣬ȻǻҪһҵʱȥԣѧѧ
˵۾һǶԳ˽⣬ûаյԲҳúõվﻹʲôԥģ°ʽĺôѾˣ°汩ܰʽĺô˵
˵ǳǵѣǰ
Ҫ֪ϰ֮һǰǰһ󣬲ܹǰһ°汩ܰʽռ֮ǰѧϰǾһ˵顣˵翪ʼռ°汩ܰʽҲһӾܹռģҪһʱ䡣
ԣͬ˵ѧ
ãھͿʼ
귴ԺŲϣȻ߿ʼΪʾ߿ʼ˵ͯսҲǴϻ֮ˣֻʾͽ˵һ飬˾Ѿ˰˳ɡֽ֮һ飬Ȼʱָһ£뿪ˡͯս仹ԺϤ°汩ܰʽ
ʱ򣬳꣬ͯսһͯսܿһۣѹĵʵͿ쵽˰ɣ
ţҧһڼȣӦ
᲻Ѹʽ
ǿڼȻҪİ


97 C
ҲԴ˹ѹ˵꣬Դôģоôо˼ʮҲûгɹһ͸ˣ
һ˼״ҲǺҲŵԵʰɣ
ԭΪͯսЦһ٣Ѿ׼ȴû뵽˼žɵȥȴһͬģһ˵һš
ǰɣһܵģ
ǣһ֣صصͷ
ͯս䣬һź̾ϢһӶð
ͯսһЦ
ڶ峿
㡣
һٸսԱڲٳϣͯսڵһЩѡ˵ʿѾȫָˡ
ξվսԱǰĿϵɨˣȵµʱ䣬˵ĶԱѾȫָû˵ĶԱҲ˰µħѵֻѵǲģҪȥֻǿʵѵطǵһǰսȥս
˵Ŀɨվβĳ꣬ͯսˣ˵رϱٶһЩսǻֻһԣξΪҪ
ϱǵ͸¶һ˿⣬ξĿɨЩϱҲõ⣬ҲֻǱ΢ǿһЩλȥսCԵĶһЩһ׵֮ȻżҲ׵ƾǵʵҪԶԸһһǷֳɶʮС飬ÿСˡ꣬ͯսֱһС顣
ξɫҲЩϱ±֮ʲôԹһǳΪһС飬ǾսѣЩϱڴ±Σ֪Ǹϱû⴫㣬һ̽߳սӡ
Ϊڽ˴УûŶӾǾ͵ɡʱǾһ
±Ҫϱ𾴣֪±ΪϱСĺȣͬؽ߳սӡ
𣿡
ףһٸսԱȵ
ϸգ

ƣ

ϣ

ģ

꣡

Ϊһ飬ϸΪ鳤Ϊ鳤
񣡡


ͯս


ãȡθ׼ǹãֻҪõöбըҲáԼ׼ʳƷˮǰٲ
ϸĸϱһӵĸǰһǹȻ˰˸ŽıʮըŽ֮ͣĥٷЩʳˮװˡʱ뵽ԼľͻƵƷǾͿ԰ЩŽ磬ΪǸʱ򣬴ȡͲԼˣþͿֱ
һװʮ飬һٸըϸռҶȡǹ֮Ϲһһ䱩ըϺͶ˵һ˿һ䣡
ϺͶĬĬص˵ͷһԵĳ˲ˡĸϱУϸպƵʵǿڽһҪ̽һҪ𱣻ӾֻʵԲһЩϺͶţԼֱӾͱϱˡ
ȻڵһԼЩϱһޣǴĵ׻ûƵԼΪԼֻٶȿһЩһЩʵֻڡ
ϾЩϱˮƽ΢֪ĳѾͻˣǴҲ൱ڵ㣬ο껹˿ֲľ
ǳҲû˵ʲôԼҩԼרעɱ
ȡЩǹ֮󣬴Ҿûʲô׼ˡΪÿγѵҪÿʿѵҲ˵ƽʱõıȶšԣξֱӴǷֱ˶ʮճӪصĻʻȥ
˻صǻȻɻһգǰ߷ȥ
ھ޴ĺУɻˡ
ӷɻ㿴˵ʿһȫװʿξһٸսԱܿزʳˮʼ߳˷ߣ뵽C
ϸնǹǰ棬˺棬ϺͶĿڳĺ棬Ѻ
ӿϺƵļϣûжںʿ˵ȷʵȽɡ
CһƬԭʼ֡һ֮УһԭʼϢưܵĿҶʬ崫һָζ


98 
һȥźܶʿȳĵ·һкܶ۶ϵľʱսļҡҶϣݵŰѪգѾֲĻġ
߰ɣϸյ˵
ʱѾʱ֣ڴȴڻƻʱ֡ԭҫĿⱻʵҶڵֻа߲Ӱ͸ŲȳС·ŴСǰ
𡫡
˻
໡
ԶĴһĺⲻóԼѩǡξóǣֻð˷
һǰߣξѾ˵ж΢΢ЩţĴȴûпһ˿ӰӡϸյıӰȥȴܹоϸպܷɣûһ˿Ľš
꣡ǰϸͻȻ˵ǰһֻһ׻ͷȮˡסҪͷҪǹһΧѳȥ
˵ͷ֪ĸϱƲԼҪԼʵǹһֳ˱ͬеһĿŰ׿ȥ
һȻڰ׿һֻͷȮڿʳһͷ֪ʲôʬ塣겻ϸգȻϱ⾭͹۲ȷʵԼ±ܹϵġԼҪ
꣬Сģ˵ٶȺͷӦܿ죬㣬ĳ
ллͷ˵
ٴһ۰׿ĻͷȮ˽еŻͷȮǱ˹ȥ
ĸϱų꽥нԶıӰϵ˵ϸ磬һڵȥԸһֻͷȮǲЩΣˣ
һԵĶҲ˵ǰξ˵ˣˣǻȥô
ǲҸںչһ£飬Ҳܹ֧Ԯһ£Щĵ˵
ϸյĿһֱųıӰ΢΢ҡͷ˵ҪʵҲڽʵλáٶȺͷӦԸһһ׵ﲻǹȻЩѣҲųɹĿܣΣաˣʶһսĲпᣬĽҲûл
ǣһνսͺӳԭеʵǾΣˡüͷ˵
˭еһΣͨοˣһȥξ͡ǲܴһ׸CɱҪ֪ξÿСҲ´ÿСϽʮһŶࡣĸСͿȻȥ˵ҲΣգǾͿǹ֮ɱʱҲͲָˣڱ
ԣҲͬص˵ͷÿ˽ǹһֻͷȮһ߹۲ųꡣ
еĵĳֱֳǶԳĲΡ
СӵˮƽͰȻǱʮףǸͷȮûз֣̾˵
šüͷⲻӦðͷȮǺģˮƽܸߣҲ䲻ϵζ
֪ϴǿķζĹܣ
ʱֻͷȮѾʮףͬһֻݵѸ֮䴩ţĿѾԶĻͷȮ
ͷȮĺһֻǲ࣬ͷȴһֻͷȴҪǴ׳˺ܶ࣬צܹ˸Źâͬһ乳ֺס
ŻԼĺսеаһҪնɱֻͷȮҪɱƯܹЩϱԼҪϱԼԼͱԼʵ
ʮˣ
ǵһԻͷȮڻͷȮص㲢˽⣬жӵСġҲûпҪԼȫƾУﵽʲô̶ȣ
𡫡
ֻͷȮͻȻ˷ŭ˻ͷųķ˹
ˣ
ʱûдͷ׺ףĻͷȮŵ˳ζͷȮԼҲԼһѵƣĿֻͷȮ
𡫡
ͷȮתӣǰצڵ£ȻͬٶµĦгų˹һһԶ˹ȥֻͷȮֻǰצһƣ˲תӣֻһţų˹ȥ
ʱոմӵվֻͷȮѾ˵ǰ˫סһһ˻ͷȮͷ­
ӽٶȼ죬ͬһ硣ǻͷȮȴڿŤ£˳Ǽһǿ׳ĺų˹ȥֻצǷ乳˸ŵâ
˻˻


99 һ
˻˻
ֻצӾȻ˼ƿ֮

˫ڵһţĽӡٵ˳ȥ
ǻͷȮֻצڳıǰùٵķ˳ͷ
顫
ֻͷȮ֮󣬾ȻѾתų꣬֫棬Ѹ͵ٴų˻˹ŷ˸Źâ
̫ˣ
һն˻ͷȮͬʱƾԤŻͷȮĵڶ
ȻһٴգǳһֻҲ׺ݵ˳ȥ˻ͷȮͷϡ
顫
޴ȻóĵصֻͷȮҲһߵڿһȴȵ˵ϣ׺ݵųꡣ
ֻͷȮƺҲоûǵͺŵųꡣҲһͷȮһļٶó꼸Լʵӵ˼£ʱͷȮͣҲûгȥǽŻͷȮš
׿⣬ϸռ˾۾һϸջ𵱳ڲٳΧ׷½صĳ棬Щӵ˵ķӦǿ죡
һԵƵЦٶҲ졣
ʱҲһΪһ˻ͷȮٶͺ͵æңû뵽ٶȺݷ澹ȻܹͻͷȮһƴ
СӵٶȺͷӦһ࣬ͻͷȮһ֮ǰڲٳϵ飬֮Щ߷߲ƽ
벻õǵĺˣϸظ
ûɱͷȮ˵˵
ţСģʱ׼ԮꡣϸְǹŻͷȮ׼
ĿŶԼҵĻͷȮЩȣ⻢ͷȮÿٶȣǿķӦҵٶȺУ´ʱѾˡ
ԼҪҪþ
ԣ
ҧҧһΡϾĻͷȮֻһֻһԼеһѶ
𡫡
ͷȮһǰצڵ١ĿһԤʾŻͷȮҪʼˡ
ȻͷȮһų˹
˫Ȼŵһţαбų
̫ȭбʽ
ҽһߣαת˷򣬶ʱǻͷȮȴôܵ˳¡˫ĽŻͷȮĲӺݺݵĿȥԼ׹һѾǧİٹ

ۡ
ֻͷȮȻ֪Σ֮ʣͬһһһͷһȻûնڻͷȮĲϣͷϡ
⻢ͷȮĻͷʵ̫ӲˣһȥȻûнͷ룬ֻȥҾͱͷǸסˡ
ͷȮһ˦ͷͬʱҲһӻͷȮͷϳ˳漴һɨ˳ȥ
ͷȮͷѪȴøӷһӰ˳ꡣ
ͷȮٶ̫ˣһצ˳֮ϣȻǰצˣȴ˳ȥóǰ󿪣ʱǻͷȮѾ˵˳ǰҧ˳ʺ
ãϸɫ䣬ʱλúܲãڵϸǵǶȡһж仯̫죬ϸǷӦɫ˲԰
ڻͷȮһצĿ֮ʱʶ˲˲żͻ˫Ŀ΢ѸչŲĵһȴ˻ͷȮ˻ûͷȮ
⡭
ʲô
ôֲķӦ
ϸĸĿ࣬˳ô˻ǹɱֻͷȮ
ôģôľ룬ôͻȻıϮȻȥˣżȻˣʵ
ʵ̫ˣ
ֻżȻˣΣˣ˵ĻͷȮᱬԽʵ
ͷȮһų˹ŭ𣬻ͷ˦ѪһǿӾ嶯
ǣһڳбûһȥÿ˻ͷȮ˻
һǡô
һ˽о
߳Ѿ룬λãѽǶȡ
һâҫͬһ硭
ۡ
һ£׼и˻ͷȮʺսƮˡ
ͷȮԭýѸ͵Ȼʧȥɫʣشӿˤ䡣Ȼ˻ȴѾ˰
ӳ鴤˼£ʺӿѪ֮Ѹٵ˥Ȼû˷Ӧ

ɢȥ˾˻ͷȮͷȮ˳
ϸյҲسһղһĶ̫ˡǳһ
ͥŲ
Ȼ
ϸǸоѪоȻһ˿УǴû


100 Դ
Сš
ĸ˶һۣĿз·Ծš֡
ϸ磬ǼĶ֡ų˵
ϸҲڳĳ꣬Ŀ¶һ˿ʣСҪˣһٶȺݶȳͻᱩ¶
˵ϸղԳЦҲǶ֡
Ʒŵ˵ϸ磬ղһζ̫ˣǾ룬λãǶȶۣ᲻Ǵ˵е΢
͸΢΢һüͷ漴ϵҡͷܡڣڵ˶ûҵ΢ıߣôܣ
˲΢΢ͷ
ô˵εɺܶࡣϸվһǾȡΪһ񷵻ӪصС顣
Ƶͷúý̽ƾųٶȺͷӦ˵ǿڽǰʮΪǴʱսѡ
ţƣʱ̽
û⣡ʹص˵ͷʵȱ֮ĥ£һҵľشڸ
͸磡ܵ˸ǰǿݸϸա
ϺͶҪӣԺԵ㸺𡣡䣬ȡһ󱳰ݸ˳ꡣ
ͷֽӹ˴󱳰󱳰һСͱ䡣꽫ǿŽСͱڣȻ󽫱˺󱳡
жȻξǲõ񣬵ȡ໹ǻֵġпܵ£ҪȡһЩϸ˵
ţ˵ͷܹоĸϱ̬ı䡣
һһ࣬Ÿһʮ֣ҪһŶ࣬Ǽֵ˰ٻ֡лǶɱһ˷ܵ˵
꣡˹첲ڳļ˵Ļ֪֪սһ仰
ʲôʵ
ҪСȥɱ֣Ϊ㲻֪Լ𣿡
˼һ£ƻе˼ڰʾղĵֻ̫࣬һֻͷȮһȺأķû΢Σ
Ҷˣллϵ˵
㻹ûȫҡҡͷһҸʾ
һ㶣аѵҲ΢
ֻǵͷСǰȥ߳˲ףǰϸնӣ־ٹ磬һָҲѸٵض£ǰȥǰʮֳһֻͷȮ
꣬ע⿴
ĵֻͷȮǱ˹ȥĿƣҪɱֻͷȮ
гһϸͬһѼӳľ̡
ֻǱȥʮңͱֻͷȮᵽζѸٵصתӣһƷ˹ڳҰУҲȻ˳ȥԼٶȺͻͷȮԳ˹ȥ
һˣһȮٵؽӽ
˫Ҫײ˲䣬ͻȻ˫Ȼһŵ棬ԼٶȵԾ˻ȥ
ǳܹη˺֮ǰǰģûǰʱԾĸߡ
ʱڿС
һ˷ˣ
һȮ׷
һһȮڿлһ׷ٻߡ
ͷȮ˻ͷŻߵӳȥʽϡ
ĿһʱƵľḻκ˵ĸ߶յǡǡãҪȻͷȮôһ˲
˫һأʱĻͷȮȴڿУʽϣӦһ˲䣬ƶˣһϸϸĹâ̶
ۡ
ǰϸ׼ز뻢ͷȮۣȥһ롣ͷȮͷ­̴
𡫡
һͷȮѪͬһֻˮǹصˤڵϣƳ齣ƮˣͷȮѪӳ鴤˼£ûϢ
ƽͷȮ˳Ѿ߹ĳ˹ȥɵЦ˵𣿡
˵ͷ󱳰ڵСͱڡ
˵˵ƼͷЦ˵
˼˵Ҫ̶ֳȣҪ˽ص㣬ǲͬλٶȣݶȣǿ㣬ҪʵսϵԼУܹ׼ذһ˲Ļᣬ׼ػɱǡСȡЧ
˵꾴Ƶ羫׼İ˻ͷȮٶȺݶȣں˵ʱѾһ׼ұܿ˻ͷȮͷӲǿ㣬׼Ľ̽˻ͷȮ۾㡣ǶԻͷȮٶȺݶȶһǡλãûԻͷȮ㣬ȥǿ㣬ͷ


101 Σʱ
Ƶ¶һ˿ȣû뵽ֻǸһʾܹ˶ࡣ֪ղų꽫ż˫ۣһһڳҰзôῴò
һ˿֮󣬱һ˿ͣ꣬ľ࣬ص㣬ǲͬ࣬ͬ׶εٶȣݶȣǿͻܿϤǣϤ˲ܹաҲﳤ̣ܶڵ㡣ԣͱʮҪҸղţǺԳ壬ԡһҪסһʱҲζʽ֮ʣ̡֮ȻʣµľǾȷһ
ͷлл
ĳļԺǿٶȺͷӦҲǿЩϱ̹ˡܿͻΪһϱ
¶˼ϱЦ֮ǰ飬ѾȥˡǰǾǿʱ󱳽Էսѡ
صصͷ
ǰǰ඼һ壬˴֮䶼սѡ
߰ɣϽȥϸճ˵ǰȥ
һ·ϣֻҪһϱóȥɱһڻЩϱڶ꣬ƵʵսѸٵԼҲսϸĸϱĿɿڴֱһ֡
ڲϵʵսУ꽥ס˲ͬص㣬ǵٶȺݶȣǵǿ㡣ҳûþһֱڶԼУһʵսеѸٵ
졣
ֻʱ䣬ѾɱʮֻһֻŶࡣʮֻһУһնɱʮֻ
˻˻
ǰϸͻȻͣ˽Ųܹļ˲ֱһֽŵɢ˳
Сģ
ϸյĻ䡣
ಡ
һӰӶʮҴĹľз˳
һӰнʮ׳һ˵Ĵȴ֣ͬٶڿд˹

ϸպһͬʱη˳ȥ

͸оһҵľ糯Լ˹ڲ෭˲䣬㿴һֻ޴βɨ˹
ſ£
ϳų꺰һͬʱſ˵ϡҲæŵſ¡

βͽ˵ɨ˹ȥóͷƤһ顣
ա
һϸգƺͶѸٵؿǹͬʱҲһǸ
ա
ĿһǸȻһʮףȵߣϱ鲼ۼףǹĹٺϣȻֻˡ
ۼߣϺȻ

ۼߵһ̳һѣһ˶ͷ­
꣬Сģһֻһ۷ۼߡһ߿ǹһߺ
΢΢һ⻹һһ۷ԼǹۼߵϣֻǽۼױɽĿۼߵɨţѰ㡣
ڸߴǸƴİװߺ۾϶ų󺰣ͬʱŬؽǹۼߵ˫ȥ
ۼ߷ǳһ˶Դݵػζţܿ˫۵
ڡ
ۼȻԾž˹ȥشӵϴһԵĴ˹ȥȻ˫ߣһһȥ
ꡫ
ǿһ˶ֵĴնϣۼ߾޴β͸߸Ÿո䵽Ļ˹ȥ
һֱֻۼߵۣۼβ˲۶˰
ա
ޣ
ݺݵһ̵ۼͷй켣ûգ˹ȥ
顫
ۼߵβͺݺݵسڵϣֱӰѵȥƷŶ˳ȥܹѾǳǱǸۼƺԼϵۼ׸ںǹ׼һνβɨ˹ȥ
ꡭ
һŵĿɾɨϣƵһſŵµľܣǴִβ񱩵
ƣ
ϸĿѣϱۣǹһȴֻܹۼϵۼױܹ׼ۼߵ۾
˫ĿѸٵػ˾ƵΣգѾ㿪ۼβͿһ
ʱѾ˲öǹУ˲˫ۼͷеĹ켣
ա
һӳǹ˳
ۡ
ۼߵ˲䱻򱬡
˻


102 
˻
ۼߴдһ˻ǴִβͲٳȥǺ·ҳһ
ꡭ
Ĵۼ߳ϣһֻȻ˳ꡣ
꣬Сģϱŵغ
˻
ۼһŭų˻˹ȥ
꣬
ϱһ߷ؿǹһߴ󺰡һ֦Ƹǳ˫ۣ֪ǸղųǾһǹۼ˹ȥ
꣬ܰ
ȴͬûսѵĺһ㣬ϥڵϣŴӰдۼߣ˫ֶǹбָۼߵͷ­ǹ΢΢ƶš
ĺܾ
Уۼ߷˶ͬڷͷ˶ͷ­ζĹ켣ɼһֻͷɭĹâ
顫
ǹһ⣬ڿлһĹߡ
ء
ۼߵ۱һѪ
˻
ۼ壬͹Եų˹ȥ
˫ȻڵߣźԾӵǹͳһűըĴָһۼߵĴ˳ȥ
飡
ڵһţҲ෭˳ȥ
䡫
ը׼ӽۼߵĴУһ챬죬ۼ˶ͷ­죬ִȻڵϣҶô
꣡ϱųķ˹ȥ
һѹľֵû£
˶һ
ϸնס˽ŲתǸѾ˵ۼ˹ȥõߴİװпۼߵȡ˳ȻкŽΧмϱϽߣ
꼱æܳԼǹϸյĺɿرšѾǸոսCĲˣ֪ղֳôĶܿͻдܹϽߣȴǵĲҲѲƤ
˼ٵڴп񱼣ϸձܱ߼žĴţƾľ飬˲ϵضһЩԶѸȥ
һ֮ǰϸȻͣǹ׼ǰĴ֣ĳؿϸյĺѾֱʾĽš
ٿϸ˽ţҲǹŶ˹ȥĹľԲһ£˽Ų
࣡
ķϸյ˵Ҳ΢ɣ˫ĿǰƬľԡ
֮伸Ӱת˳ĿһֶҲ˵һСӣǴȴǳϤĻװľװǹٴսȻ֪ս֮ʿ᲻Ϊͬ˴ѺãǱܵ˾衣
ͬҲظоǰĸϱҲ½
ʿ߳˹ľԣͣס˽ŲųҲȥ
ʱ·ֹ
·̣
ڣϸ˽Ųǰ˹ȥԷʿϸ˿ʼǰҲʼǰ
ֻ˿˿ң˫ĿⶼŶԷǹȻ´ţһ۶ܹ˫ʮʿڳʱܹٶ̧ǹ
˫ĽŲڽһһҽ˫ľԶ˫ûлͷؿǰϸֻ𣬷ʿ
ʿĽŲŷǰĸϱ΢Ѱ˼һ£ջʵϸ磬ѵڹ֮ǰûнͬ˹ϵ
ϸҡҡͷǣ綼ͬ˹ϵ˵ˡȴг
˵ϸտЦһµ˵ĵطο֮䣿ҳʱ̣֪
ϸΧһǵԽӵŷḻԴδԴȱԴĵ˵Ҹտʼռѷ첢󣬶ǵвҲС
෢Щռѷ쿪ʼʱӴﶼһЩһ׻һ׵ȱĹ¼һԣ෢Դ˷ḻֲǿʱ򣬱㿪ʼԴӶᡣ
಻ϵƽڿʼؽҿɴЩǿ½½س֡ҿʼ෴
̰⵽˱ӦȱѾһЩ߽ʧȥõʱΣˡʱ˲ˣʼȫܺ
õ˼ٵҸھۼȫĿѧҷʳо£õ˸Եٴںսȡơ


103 Χ
ϸ̾һ˵֮ıڲìܵļײĸҶҪռĻȨڹ֮䷢Сģսһ֮ƣǾʱ2012ĩյԤԳˡ
ħũܣȪѩɹȺͰĽ޵Ŀռѷ쿪ʼˣһֱӽǳ˴һ˺߽ܶ׵һ޴ʧܣϵغˣ£Ԫһƶһϵϸĵ˹
оһ׼໥ɱ֮ǰ֮Ѿ̫ĶԹԭʹڵĶԹȻ϶˹򣬵ڰȴźܶΥ鷢
ҪκһҶδǰռѷƱԽԽδĳһ죬罫ǵȫԽӡǵļײ᲻ɱص
⽫һʱ
ҲһԻ͵ʱ
һʱǰûκһңκһ岻վʱĶˣոĻȨ԰Ħϡ꣬ҵһҪСġ
رߡһԵƽӹͷ˵ƻ̣һԱ԰Ļ塣ֻҪסκʱ䣬κεص㣬ǶֵΡ
Ǻǣ˵Դҿ˭ҲȲϰӹǸСڲ뵽ս֮󣬾ȻǲľӦ쵼֮¡
Ǻأʵ
ղһЦûдǵġڵ˵ļҪͳͲעǡ˻һֻϵ𣿡
ڵҪƿ߶ļң
ǻŷˡ
ͷȻʲôʵħǻ֮ôǰ
ϸЦŽ͵ԽӵѷֱֻҹħũܣȪλޣѩɹλϼĽλں
ȪķҪѩɹҪɶħũҪǻ𣬰ĽҪŷ˸
ռѷڣũܺͰĽĿռѷģħķȫǻ𣬶ũ޶ɣǻͳһָӡ
ĽĿռѷũܻҪ屶֮أȻŷͳһָӣȴһӵսޣŷޣޣޣ޶оս
ħռѷСģͽλԱĸռѷ˵ҲġԣͳΪһͼ֮ءǰ˵ⲻҪ˴ӦҲߡ
Ŷ˵ͷ
ꡫ
ϸͻȻͣ˽ŲĸҲͣ˳ϸյĿȥһһ׳Գ˫˺һ
ȥ
ƵѸٵֻԳ˹ȥȡǸո˺ĳԳ˽ŲȻͷһ˫ڵһģһ˫ڵһţѸ͵˻˹
һԹۿϸպͳȴһϸյЦ˵ֻһδĳԳ
ȻƺֻԳڿһоֻԳذֱһ٣صˤڵϡһ䵽ϣתֻѾȥĳԳ
Ȼס˽Ųʮ׵ĳ˶ܹоƽŵúë
ܣ
ȻӼȡǹϸյ˴󺰡
ϸյһϺȻɫֻСԳĸ׾ڸĺнĸˣǱΧˡ
ɫҲˣʱѾ֪ԳһȺľͲֻСԳĸףӦһȺԳ
ϸճƴ󺰡
Ͻߣƴ󺰣
ȥϸһҧʮƳ˹ȥҲֳűУһŵس˹ȥ
ƿϸյ˳嵽ĸǰŭϸգԴʺˣܹʲô
ϸյ˵ˣϻ׼壡ҿͷƵ󣬸ҳ壡

ΧĴͻȻԾӰӵϿ񱼶ģ֦Ϸɵġ˲ڵϺͿĴǳԳӰͬ޵֮С
ȲҪǹ
ϸմȣӶеĳŶ˹ȥ꣬ϸհλһһңĸڳƸϵγһС͵ļ׶ųԳ˹ȥ


104 Ʒ
ʱѾż˫Ŀ񾭸߶ȱеͣնͬһ磬ոһԳ
˼ѵһǰͻţһֻֻԳǵĽ¡ȴԽԽѣӵžżĳҲ⡣Ϊʱ΢ܵ˺ܴơֻһˣ΢ʩչ»ܿڳԳȺķ϶дȥŶѣ˵ӳԳķ϶䴩ȥжܵ˺ܴơ
ΪĽŲܳԼλãԳͻͨλȥˡֻܹܺ΢СĽŲƶұ뽫ԼһĳԳȫ
ǳ꣬ĸҲˡĸûг΢ܶʱܹԼֻܹԼͳԳӲһӲײͻΧֻǶ̶̵ʱ䣬ĸ˵ϾѾˡ
ΪȻ͵ģӵ΢ƶܹԳĹܹΪż˫ĿҰЩԳĶŻܹȷѰҵԳ㣬ȷؽնԳ㣬һֻֻԳնɱ
ԳԽԽ࣬·ɱһ㡣˵ϸռˣǳ궼ʼˡżľ㼯˫ĿܹҰؿԶųԳĽ켣ֻһ˫۱Ͼоԣǣһʼ֮󣬶Ҳʼ΢СıΡ
ǿ͸ķ£ֻػһͷ­˺ܶĹ˼ɣҲͷܵ˲ˡ
ŬԼľȻʱ˶Ǳܵظű˴˵ĽŲȫ˲ԷֵֻܹԼһԶųԳȴܹо˴˵״̬ܹظоԼͬ鲽ͬصĺ
ʱĳҲоԼڿٵģñͬ黹ҪأȻܹԶųԳ˶켣ǼĶȴЩˡ岻ͣܵ˹ŷ£´ʱĳѾԶųԳɱ
ǲԶ֮ӰȴߡһԶųԳ֮ķ϶һϸգͶĿǡ
ûиŪ죬½ԶųԳȥųһţųˣ¶̵Цݡͬʱ֣ųСָȻԼľһ֮Ѹٵĺˣʧڴ֮䡣
Ŀһзŭ˼㡣
顫
һֻԶųԳһ˳ϣóһκһóľרע˾񣬵ȴоʼóء
һնɱһԶųԳ֮˲䣬ּ֣ٵںһĨĴָһһȡХ͸
һ̸оնɱԶųԳףԭҪʹȫʱȴֻҪһӣ㽫ԶųԳնɱȫȻԶųԳǿ㣬Ӳ֮Ҳᱻ׵ʿ
ڲͦţΧԾһֻֻԳЩԳ֦ϵ˹ӿ˻˹
ʱѾоԼľѾ˼㣬ӦӲϾ©ܶ࿴ǣԶųԳʱػ
ĸ˸ǱѾȾѪǵǱȳǿȴûгľÿǰһøӵؼѡ
ҲҪҲܹҵͬ
ԼľեȡԼһǱԴʼͣһӾȴøӵ
ʱ͸оԼԴһһ·ʱܹըóͷЩʶЩʼģ
ˡ
оԼԴ·һһʮˬĸо
˲䣬͸оԼľ͸⣬ȻֻзԲԼףȴóΧĸоһ
ڷԲֱ֮ڣһжɼûͷ֪һԶųԳԴһ˹
ûлͷһʽֽɵؽֻԳе
пϲ֪ԼΣʱ̱ŷеǱȻͻƷӶ뵽ƷľѾţȻֻܹסѾ㹻ˡ
Բ֮ڣ·΢СףÿһһһӲĸоͬϳǧֻ۾ŷԲ֮ڵһС
һֻֻԶųԳףһֻֻԳڲϵԼսѽһսϵƣһսϵ˺ۣһս¶һֻֻԶųԳС


105 ǻλ
ϬóĶ鶯ԾƷľԷԲ֮ڵһȫƿء
ৡ
йâ˸˲佫ΧԶųԳնɱȫԶųԳǿóɡ֮ǰѰǵ㣬һЩʱ䡣
꿪ʼעĸѵ״ʱĸѾ㶼ľΧ֮ڣһһʮ
һĸѵ϶˲̶ͬȵˡȻûеصĵزҲѾʼӰ쵽ǵжһʱȥƵĲϼأ˾͵
һֻԶųԳɱԳǾʹδ֮ʣһֻϵĺĻ˹ȥʱȴոշǸԳİӰ
ǿƫһͷ­ȴһ⻪ֻԶųԳһֻƱնϡֻƵļϡ
ϳԾתͷȥһӳ湥һֻԳ롣̶͵ϵͷɨ˹ȥϾһһƬѪ굱ͷ䣬̧ͷһһԶųԳͷ­ӿе
һ֪ղǳһԼˡ̼еľʼרעնɱԶųԳ
أϸĸ˷ÿεΣ֮ʱһǵΧǽһֻǵԶųԳնɱǽԳֱնϣǵΣ
ڳĶĺƿʮʱһ߻ɱԶųԳȴͬ۾һ㣬ͷҲصնһ㽫һֻ˵ĳԳɱնơ
ꡭʲôʱôˣ
˴ʱʺţǴΣȴҲ룬ֻжһݾ졣ѵһֱװۣûʹȫ
ǰϸպҲպȻ˳꣬ʱıҲ̫ˡʱڵڰ˲ϸѾ϶ԼԲǳĶ֣¾ڵҲδؾܹùꡣ
ʱ򣬳üͷȴԽԽ־ɱ˲ٳԳȴδԵؼ٣ҶԶ˲ϵغУ
ϸ磬ǻλá
˲˾ϸû˿ԥһͺͳ껻˵طվ˳λãǱ׶׶⣬վͻǰλá
ϣ
걩һеڿпٵնǰϷ󷽺ҷĽӰȫԶųԳǿ㣬㶼һӲӲնȥЩԶųԳȴͬһֽһرʿٶȣʼǰɱ
ųǰǿĸ˶ʱ˺ܶ࣬ڳɱ
ʮӵʱ䣬Ѿ˳Χϣǵǰֻʣ±һ㳤Գ
׼ըߺһһͳ˱ըһ߻ǿͻǰ
䡭
ͬһ׶ԶųԳİΧȦǵĺ棬ЩԶųԳǷɱ׷˹
ӣ
ӳ˱ըͬʱĸҲ˦˱ըȻͷҲصؼǰ˳ȥ
䡫䡫䡫䡫䡫
洫죬涼һ㣬ľ۶ϣ֦˵Ĵɽ
Ҳ˲ЩѹեԼȫǱܣԶٷɱ֪һֱը֮󣬻ֻԼ΢һЩͻİΧ֮С
㱼˰СʱѾĺһƨ˵ϣһڵشŴ˴˶һۣĿ¶ľƽٺ
ϸֻǴ˼תͷų꣬ҲĿ˳ꡣȻһ𿪿ڵ꣬лл
ҡҡͷսѣ
ԣսѣ˷Ц
Ц価֮ϸյɫԥһ£촽䶯˼£ȴûʳΪʲôͻȻôֻҪ겻˵Ǿ˼ҵܣΪǲܹʵġȻϸռﶼܺ棬Ŀⶼ˳꣬ȴûһ˿ڡ
¶˿Ц֪Լһ˵ȻѲ˵ʲôҲңܻЩֲ͸¶Լĵơ΢Ѱ˼һµҵ׾ͺǿڽ뵽C֮ǰѾӵС
ϸĸ¶һ˿ȣȴҲ͸¶һ˿ɡһʮ꣬ǿܹǿ


106 ȥ
У
ղųıֿɲһУοǰҲûзֳжྪˣǸտʼԶųԳΧʱ򣬳Ҳûʾ˵ôͻȻˣ
¶εıǶ֪һ˽ʽ˰ɣ
Ȼ˵Ƕһ飬Ǹʽһš
ϸյͻȻһסϵĻͷĿضųǸ˲ɣ
ϸյĻһڣ˶סˣһ𾪵ųꡣ˫𾪵Ŀ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
㰡˴зӦ˹֮󣬾Ķһȭ˳ļϵؿǿ
ļҲ׷׵ͷĿЩĽЩ𾴡
С˵ѾְѱܰʽˣѾڵڰ˲ˡ
㡭ְѱܰʽˣɹˣ𾪵ųꡣ
ﵽ˶٣ϸֱֱصųꡣ
ǧİٹ˵
˻ĸͬʱһСӡ̫ˣ
Сһοڡ
ϸַʲôһ˵Ҫ̼ǵࡣ
оҸղΣͷҵͻˡԡ
ͻˡ
ĸ˾ô㶵ų꣬һֵģʱǶ˳ǿϸռѵһĭͻƵʲô̶ȣ
΢˵
΢
ĸеɵˣһаֲô̬ܹظоԶųԳ˶켣漴ĸ˾͸ʵǿĳ꣬жɻ˺ܶࡣ
ĸѾȷһμ˴ȡһѣôܹˣ
ϸŲ˹ݺݵش˳ȭ꣬μ˴һҪҵһ̵Ľѵ⼸ȣǻŷѹƵúЩ˶Ҫǡ
ʹص˵ͷһԼ˵ǣڻ˹ȥһԵҲŲ˹꣬νܰʽ֮ǲҲ׼磿
ǰͷڽC֮ǰѾϽˡ
ǲȰ׸ıܰʽ̸ǰЦе˵
ɣ
ӵվĸ˫ĿһҲ׷˷ܵشӵվ˳ǰ
꿪ʼһʾ±ܰʽһϸؽš
ϸĸһ߸ųܰʽһ߽Ŀھεؼ
𣿡ͣʵ
ĸ΢΢üͷ¶һ˿Ϊѡ˵±ܰʽǶǿھҪԭıܰʽһЩٸǽһΡ
һʾϸؽһ飬Ȼ˼һôվţĸš
ĸѴгʱ򣬳ֱͦʵô˰ɣ
ţĸ˷ܵص˵ͷ
һ飬ҿ˵ɲԼĶΪƫ⡣
ã
ϸƣϺͶҲһ顣
ڳĽһָ֮£ϸĸ˵ĶʼѾˣ±ܰʽҲǸоЩһļЩʹȴظоԼһ˿
ϸĸжЩܣĿЩмЩڴ
ǲµһ׹ȻǰʮġЩϱɶߣ۹⻹Ǿ֪߱Ҫһôļѡ
ųǻЩ۵ӣϸĸһп˱ˣԼôʱ򣬻Ƥء
أ
Ѿﵽڵڰ˲㣬ҷֱʽͱܰʽɹ
Ϣһ£ȻȥɱֻͿԻȥˡϸսϣְһݣҧ
Ҳ׷׵ͷѰһôţеóţеóˮš
һСʱϸվ߰ɣ
˷׷״ӵվϸյĴڴתСѰŶ
һֱڣҲûѰҵһֻɱ˲ֻһϢһҹ֮󣬵ڶֿʼCĴת֪ǾȻתպԶųԳɱĵط
ԶԶĶڴ֮䣬Сȥ
ʱƬѾһƬǽ壬ǸĲклըӡ


107 ս
ڳ뿪֮ŸΪ˸Ļսء
ѹʵϸ磬˵ڹȥЩĲкл᲻ࣿ
ϸյЦ˵أЩͱʤˡ
Ŷͷûʲôÿˣ
ꡫ
ϸһĶ˵ĿⶼһƬĴ߳һֻܣֻƽĲͬ׶ߣϵë˸оͬһӲļ롣ÿһƺڲһ˵֮ɢ˳
Ƕ۷壡ѹ˵
ϸ磡˵ϰɣɱˣʣһˡ
ϸЦؿһ۳꣬ѹҵҲ룬Ǵ򲻹
ǹҲУһµ
ǹԸﻹԣǶԸ۷ˣرǷǿܣû𲻵Ч
ǡըأ겻ĵʵ
ЧըԶ۷ɱΨֻܹܲˡ
ǾһӼը
ϸհ˳һۣǻǸըˣû࣬Ϲæʲô
ѵôǵǰˣ
겻ĵ˵ĿⶢԶֻ׶ߵܣֻܴʱڵϰЩкҪҵʲôܹԵġ
ȥԣ
еǹںһĨȡʱѾԼҪǿԼѹܹϵѰͻơ֮ǰԶųԳȺеõľͻһ۷ƺʺԼĿǰʵοԼһ˺
ϸյĻԭҪֹǿóǰ۾һǿɶǼʶķϸѰ˼һ£˵꣬ҪСġУѸܣñըʰ
˵ͷֽıȡֻӹľ֮ĵǱ˳һÿôڻֻ׶ߵǱ˹ȥ
ڳϸĸ˶ŵų겻ʱֵӰ
ڳ෽ңʿԶֻš
ֻܺǿ󰡣öԸ
ǣֵǮôʵǿϧ
ţʲô
֮ǰǸˣѵûжԶųԳΧУֻʣһ
ԶĴȴûзֶڹľ֮еϸĸˡ
ֻС˳
ôԶųԳİΧУ˻ܹƽӳͲˡǣСӻǲֻʣһˣȥǶ۷ܡ
ȮǸСӺᣬҲϲǸǶ۷ɣ
ţȮͷǾ￴Ϸˣ
ǺǺǡʿ˵ͳЦ
ĵؿֻܣֻѾʮˣֻͻȻӣȻͣӴȴǼΪݵת˹ųصǿŴȻɱ˹
˲͸оضڲһ˵ѹȼ󡣳ţԼľǿ󣬻һʿ¾ͻͷܡ
ȻѾܷˣҲûصıҪˡһӴ˳ѡһѵλãĴָڽһͷ˳˫ϥ΢䣬΢΢׵ͬһʱ׼Ĵ
顫顫顫
׶ߵѸٵس˹ͬһ̹ˣʮ׵ľ˲һ˳ǰ
Ӵܣ΢϶ǲˣ΢Ͷ㲻ͬСɽһ塣ֻд󲽶ˡ
һ˳ȥȴֻȻͣס׳˫ȾȻѵȳĿӡ漴һתİƳų˹
ûж㣬Ѹٵضӣ˫ֽĽܵն˹ȥ
顫
ֻоһɴϮƵַɳε˳ȥ󱳡顱һײһϡȻŷµıȴҲ𶯵ؿһƣһѪ
𡫡
ܷһŭ𣬳ʹ̧ȥֻܵѾ󱻳ղһնֻ֮֮һ档ʱѪ


108 ͻɱ
оһϲܹ˺ͺáûеܳܳ˹ȥ
˵ܸǿ£ܶϵƣŭų¡¡ر˹
һˣһܡ
Զ塣
ײ˲䣬ҲһԾ
̫ȭбʽ
ܵӹӹͬʱܵ壬Ǵ׳ĴȴиһĿӡ
𡫡
ֻһֻų˹ȥʱͷ˳ȥȫ֣һһرա
֪Լɱ㲻ٺӲƴһ߶ܵĹһ߲ͣи壬Ȼÿζɵ˺أһ˺ۻȴܵԽԽء
ľУϸյ۾ԽԽֻܸ
ǰѽƵ˵
治֪ʲôȻǿ
᲻ĳеĺ󱲣
ʲô˵ĺ󱲣ʲôϵҾ֪ǵսѡ
ԣǵսѣϸյĿغɱĳꡣ
ϸ磬Ǹܿ첻ˣҪҪȥ
ҪϸҡͷԳһҲһԽ
ţ
һĹľУʿĿɿڴǰһС˫۾̰Զе
һֻ󣬽ǸʿС
ǣȮ
صͷӺȡһСӴ򿪣ܿװһǹȻǹʼϵƶŽǶȣ׼Ųƶĳꡣ
顫
ֻΪƹأѪ൹˵ϣʧȥж

³һҪٲֻ߹ȥľеϸյҲų˲䡣
ಡ
һŹⵯԽų༤ȥ
ֻһ˲䣬ûܹӳοǸովսĳꡣ
顫
ǿŹⵯ׼˳࣬ӱ÷ڿзɳһߣڷɵ˿е˲䣬꿴˾Լ׿վΣʿ
顫
ڿлһ֮صˤڵϣ֮һ
ľеϸյ˾㵵ؽһڳ˸ոմӶűɰ׵ƣͬһܡ
˫Ŀ˲죬Ҫųȥȴϸһץסѹ˵ҪԷûзǡҲΪֻгһˣӦǿ˳еһһȥó׼һ򾡡

ȹʱƵ˵ŭ
ϸճʹҡҡͷǸⵯг࣬Ѿ
˵ϸձʹתͷ˲Զĳ꣬Ȼͽ漴ֳϲ֮ɫΪ˴ʱڵϵĳ꣬һʳָʱεҡţǵѶţڸû¡
ǿ֣ϸռѹ˵
ϸյĻһڣƵҲ˳Ķһֳϲɫϸմʱһȴѹ˵ûв´ĻϮӦǵʿӦΪֻгһ˳ԶųԳİΧ̰еҪɱꡣ
˵ϸյðɱѹ˵ս׼ҪʿԶ
ϸյķҲΪϸշһǹһڹľУ˫ĿΧɨȥ
Χû˿Ķֻǹȥӣʹķ֦ҡ
ϸĸ˵ĿѸٵ˹ȥӰųķɿȥʿ
Ǻо飬ȻڱУȴɱŶΣʱܹϬط
Ҵһϸյ˵
ҴڶƵгɱ
Ҵϵҧ˵
ҴĸĽ˽еǹ
ʿѸٵؽӽܹܿ˶ʮңʱǾ겻ʮףϸǲʮס
𣡡ϸյȵ
ಡಡಡಡ
ĵ
顫顫顫顫
ʿǱһǹͷȴʿӦ죬ǹ֮ʶذͷⵯһʿһֻ䣬һʿͷƤһѪۡ
ϸĸ˷Ӧ죬˲֧ǹͬʱ׼һʿһ˿ǹǸʿͷֻǹĹⵯ׷סǸʿܵĿܡ


109 
ۡۡۡ
ȻǸʿ˱ͷһǹ࣬ʹȴͬʱǹòܹ
µʿԵڵأʱѾʧȥܵĻᡣֻܹöԷһؽɱֻͶԷսѰĻᡣ
ǹǹȫѹʿ̧ͷʱĳȴĵ̧ͷžԼԼʮҵʿһ˿ɱĵؼߵſڵŬϸĸ˻ʿĴָķ䰴ťһ
ಡ
Ľͬһһص˳ȥҪǹٶȻҪ졣ǸſڵϵʿûʲôӦǱĽͲϡ
䡫
һ죬ҫĿİ׹⣬ըˣǸʿը÷飬ԱߵǸʿҲը˼顣
һͦӵŵͷȥԼλãϱһ󶴣ǿ͸ķ£ʱĳѾһʬ塣
ֳһ˿˼ǿ֪սôˣһɱúˬɣǷһ
ǰս
ǿһһͷ­սϵʿѾʼɨսˡǿ˳ȡһ֧ذҲʼȥࡣһڳһࡣӹһ˿΢Ца꣬ҪͻƵ˰ɣһѹ±ܰʽҺܿҪͻƵˡϣܹ׷ңٺ١
꣡
ľԺϸռ˷ܵس˳ܵ˳ǰƸȥųϵǸ·ϵƶơ
һ磬ҵȡҲȰȥҸŮҪôʡ
Ļһڣĸ˾һ㶣̶ϸգϺͶķЦֱЦöӳ˵ϡ

ƺݺݵųһ˹ȥЦŶ˹ȥ
Цһܵȡ˳ȻִʿıѳʮһŶࡣ
ЩսƷϸո˵Ѿһʮ߿һŶ࣬һŶ۷࣬СǵһǿԷӪˡ
̫ˣ
˶ȻѰһطһ£㿪ʼӪصķ򷵻ء
ڷӪص·ϣɱʮֻһһһʮţڽ뵽CĵĻƻʱ֣˷Ӫء
صӪز֪ǵһصӪصС飬ξȡһʮһһףһŶ۷ʱҲֳһ˿𾪡̽ӦõĻֻǵĿϣȻӪɻȴСĻع顣
صӪ֮󣬾ܾϸյȥӪصľưˣǰԼ˷Ŵϣʹϣ硣
ν뵽Ϊ˵õڵĹҩʱվڵʯĸǰдĸ֣ҩ
꽫ҩס֮󣬽һַֻʯϵ֮ϡ
ǰһڣٿΧһγһ޾ڰ֮Сһͬǹİǰۣ۳һ͸ΡǸҲʼʾһ׹һаʽÿһʽͬһֻԱݶǴƤҲǴӼǴӽ
ǰ͸֮ڣһɼÿһʽĶȫĽ˶ʱֱʱͬһ
ȫѧľ֮У֪˶ãǰİ͸ĹɢǰֱһƬ˳Ƭռ䣬վǿʯ֮ǰԺзŸոѧԱʽ

곤³һڽԱʽȫס۾ţȻԼѾƷһһﵽƷͻܡ
һܾCѾʩչľţƷһֻܹס
ڶܾһֱܹʱѶŽ磬ʹаѶóٱ뱾뵽硣ͺñӵһʱȡĴֿ⣬кܶܵĶԴ档
ܾ뵽֮󣬲֮ǰȫΣ֪ʲôʱѾš


110 սѹ


ǸŵԭԽѶϢƷһȥš֮ͻһ־ϵϵȫڵһУҲԿ淢һС
һţԺʱͲر뵽֮УֻҪԼľ͸ڵǸʯϵھͿˣҲ˵ڴǱ˷֡
ĸܾܹƵķɽøˡƷʱÿһһѷɽ뵽Ʒ֮ÿһԶѷɽҲ˵һοʮһѷɽ
뿪磬վߵ˴ǰƿһǣɫѾƻ衣оԼĶӹУ뿪˷䣬ȥӪصʳó֮ص֮󣬽Ųϣ㿪ʼϥڴϣ˼ΣԼ״̬ѣȻԼľƷһ
һϲˣ
ԼԺгһš֪ԼѾﵽԽ˵ӵľ硣ŴԺеǸԽ֮Ϊʶ
꿪ʼԼľʶеǸſʼۣȻʼǸš
˲䣬;ԼľٵرǸȡͬһιĺڶСʱ󣬳ɫѾʼʧȥѪɫְСʱ򣬳ѾһƬ԰סȴԴԴϵȡųľ
سľʼЩģ·ʱܹԹȥһ˹ȥžʧܡ˵һʧܣƱػӰԺٴоͻء
˫һߵԼҧƣԼٶһЩҧŬţоԼľҪݽߣԴһһ͵ģ·ʱᱬѡڱ֮нѪϥڴϵӶʼҡ
ˡ
Ȼʶ֮Уһͬϴ˵顣ŴŹâ֮㽥̸оԼľһ˿ϵ
ɹˣ
ﻶһȴûһΣ㵹˴ϣ˹ȥ
һҹȥһչȥ
ƻٴٵʱ򣬳ӻԴͬһʹǲһĸоǧٸĸо
ӹһؽлоԼĶƤ˺ϣóзšشӴ˴ߵǽϵľǰھһɫ԰ףڱ֮仹ѪյԼ
΢΢˻ԼԴһ˺ѰʹϴһϵѪϴȥȻ˷Ӫصʳȥ
ʳãCأʱںϸһȾơ˷ϸһһƨ£Ҳûо˵ֻǵ˵ͷͷԷ
ϸͣмв˵Ķͣһ𾪵ɫɫɫ԰׼ûһ˿Ѫɫĳ꣬ԳԵ˵㡭㡭㡭
̧ͷһ𾪵ϸղʵ㣺ôˣ
ϸյɫĳ갡Ȼ㻹ᣬҲáҲܹô
ôˣ겻ʵ
㿴㻹ϡ״̬Ǹ˶ܹȣͿӡϸ磬˶Ůˣ

ûҲϸ߶߶ֻͷԷǣϸյĻͷϱȤһ˽ǻ˵ԽԽ΢ԽԽܲˣҴҵİ꣬첽뿪ʳãıЩϱĴЦ
صԼķ䣬ŲϣڴȥԼոջָһЩľ͸磬ͨ۲һʲôоֱӽ͸ǿʯǿ֮ڡ
һ뵽Ǹ磬תƷʼڵĴľ
ľ̲ص̫ˣƷڴˡֻСʱʱ䣬ͱȡ
󣬳ͽ뵽УڲժһЩҩĲҩȻ÷һЩҩ豸һЩҩ֮㿪ʼҩҺԱʽ
ֹ죬ķڱ졣죬ÿ춼ÿԱʽһξʵڷɿ
֪ӦȫսԱˡ꼱æųȻԺţվϸգƣϺͶĸˡ


111 
ĸһţ̽ͷ̽ԡﻹǵ˼룿
˼һơ
ϸյĸ̴ȿֺؼ˽˫ţϹʧ
ǣ漴ĸ˱ֱͦţһࡣϸǻƵؿȿȡ꣬һ֮󼯺ϡ
ֱӸһۣȻתߣһ仰ǵùţ
ϸһų˳ȥһ䣺ǵùš
˲ٳԶԶؿͯս䡣һƣϴˣ֪˿ʩչǵĵơ
̾ϢһҲܹҪЩϱǰ֤ԼԼҪϸǰ֤Լʵһ
ЩϱҲͬϸһʵǱ˴˺ĻԣҲûȥЩϱ
ô˵ܹȫͺá
ͯս䣡˵˹ȥ
꣡Ҳ˵ų˹
ܵһ𣬱˴˴ŶԷǰأ򣬡Ц
ʱϸյĸҲߵǵĸǰĸϬ´ͯս䣬˵ͷϸյ
ƲƲϻҲ˭ֵܣ
ϸմЦĳļֵܴˣ
䣬˾뿪ˣЩϱȥͯս㵵ϸĸˣתͷųꡣЩCĴУͬһ㣬Ƕꡣ
ЩϱȻͬʵȴûôƵǡϾõĶ˼˵еĹŴļޡײʵԣûʲô
ǣʱܹϸĸϱԳ̬ȺЩϱԼ̬ȾԵĲͬϸĸѾȫ˳̬ȣԴͬԴϱһ㡣

Щأ
⾿ô£ѵʵѾܹ۷ϸգ
Ҫ֪ϸտսӵĵһҪ۷ϸվͱսʤϸգѵʵѾܹսʤһڰ˲㣿
УǾCʵս֮ѾᵽڴʵսУԲΪ߾ʹʵǿڴ̫ľҪȥѧȥ˽⡣ŵ˵ΪԼһսĲѵľѾḻܹ۷ϸգ
ЩϱҲϸգǰC֮ǰ֪ϸպܿ߳꣬Ҹѵһ٣ôȥһCͱˣ
ϣ
ξϵش˹һٸսԱܿؼɶԣվǰξ
ξش˹ĲÿС鶼񣬶
һٸսԱ϶ֳ˽ɫ
Ҳֻǲ㲻һáֻ֡CȥǾˣ´ΰӵBǻ
һٸսԱɫˡBҲǶף׵ûһаܹų
ԣǻĺԶڸһȥúѵСǣڵȴǡ
һѵ֮ξŴҵ˷ɻŵڶݶӵӪطء
ոմӷɻһξܵξĸǰС˵˼䣬ǸξĿų˹Ŀ͸¶֮ɫųֵ꣬ߣ
ɫһһԵϸս˳ĶС˵ûв´Ӧоˡ
ȻԼָıܰʽڵо˵Ȱ˵ԼоĽԼһ˲ŷΣյĵط
һУξ˹ȥûеȵξѾ˼ճϳ
ǣ٣
ϳճһڵһ˳ȥֻǲӵʱ䣬ճͣսӵӪ֮ڡ
ξ뵽칫ңĸȺξʿ
ξ˽ĸѸٵվξ񣬶ܱ׼̬ȴ˿˿⡣
֮ͨξֿξ֤£Ȼֵ꣬
ǣ٣
꣬ġ
䣬ҲĸˣԹԵߵԼĴд̨£ҳֽװ
ڵоԱξܿΪǰ˾һЩʽûʲôսоĵλǳȻģвϣоҲȷʵоһЩɹһһЩȽشĳɹ


112 
ֻЩоһһȵģǵЩ˲ְλߣоĹΪԼĳ˵о˵ʦ
ԣо˶ܸ߰˵Ŀⶼһָ߸ϿͽܵĿ⡣Խþ˺ܿߣֲòǡΪĹЩ˵С
ξԣ꽫Ŀξĸλоλҩš
ҩŵͬ߰ĸ߲Ҫҩõһ֮ҪãҩȴǼҪҩĳ˵оҩų˺оһĸ֮߰仹Ħ
ǰĸ˳궼ʶǰľȻξŶڳ궼Եøӵӡ
泤٣걨ꡰžһξ
ξֵص˵ͷ֮ǰҲ˽˳ıһ仰͸ſ˳ıǾûб
һˣʱܹΣսλȻоҩǼֱǶԳһֶݡֻҪԼһ̾ͻмƨ߶ƨ߶ظ뿪ľӪ
Ȼ֮ǰ˸߹ǳͱ˲һоҩǱܾˡ
ǣξ֮Աǡ
Ǹʱʲôʱ
Ǹʱ껹һѧԱ˼ܵûмʶսΣաѾʶսˣζŻص󷽣оҩ
š
Դʵÿ겻֪ж뷽跨Ҫ뵽оҩÿЩ˶ͷʹѵ˾ܾǵ
ֻһµȱξ¶еȱȻֻڵһ㣬ȴҪȳĵλߡԣξֻ΢΢ͷЦݶû¶һ˿ڳֲǿưоԼˣһҰ·ӳ֪ʲôʺ˸˹ҩˣǵһֱܵĵִ
Щûٱ˾ѵ⣬һҰ·ӳµȱܹҩЩưÿһ˹Ҷǵϻ˾ʵӽʺˣӣ
ѵֱӽǳ껹ûеоҩѾ˾󲿷˵ķС־ͬһֻˮһشһ߹磬ǸһƬҡ
ٿոմǰ߻һиǲϲǵһ񣬸ָܹ߹ȡسԵʿ˰֡
ʿǰһҲֻʿȴоҩ˵ݺսЩֲڵĴͬԼĽԣǰһ֮󣬱˴˶һۣǸҩʿʿǸоʿһ롱ƣǸоʿҲòضףȻת˳꣬΢΢𣬵˵ǰɣо飬Ĺףоȥʰһ¶Ըˡ
ûлش𣬶ǽĿһʿǸʿͬ˵꣬ҩоҩĸҩȥʰһ¶Ըˡ
д̨ξа̾һò׳һ˲žˡҲûа취ԼҲôĻҲѡ뿪οողμCʵսѾŻ˰ɣ
ؿŶˡ
ǵģ
⣡ʮֵ⣡
ҪĲЩҪʲôоҩҪǻ֡ʱǳҪ֣Ҫȥࡣ
ǣ飬ȴʿˡвɰӾӣΪܹ뿪ﱻˣ
뵽ʿͬʱӹһ˿мһ˿Ȼ
ûˣ
ʵ̲ȥˣﰡϴǸƤҩǧ֣Ǹʽ֡ôûᰡ
ţֵʿ
˵ǻְʵЩˣ꣬øƼоҩĻŪԼҲ̫ˡ
ҪǱǰĸʱﻰ˵ֱӱûȥ
ʲôоҩ磬ÿ궼кöԴҪòáǣʱʿȴˣаӾӣ۾ֻл֡۽Ҳʵ̫խˡǰһֱڵײ㣬վòߣȻ۽Ͳ


113 ž
ҩǸʿذ˰֣ĿЩ˵ҩҩܹһ֣ѾĿˡ
оǸʿҲԼ˵оĹףǾʮ֡ͬѾĿˡ㻹ǱϻˣϽȥʰ
ҩǸʿڵҪһǼоҩ
ʱѾôˡ˵ʵԴһͶǰĸǷȱøСһĹǸ߸ϵʵﲻʱּȻѾ֣ȻǲںǴ򽻵
ڼоҩôܣ
ξCʵս֮󣬸óоҪԼȡͻƣֻܹ֮ɹ
ԼѾǾˣֵǷоܾȨתƤд̨ξξ
ţξ̧ƤЩɻ
ܹܾ𣿡
ξ۾һȴٴʵܹܾоҩ𣿡
Ȼξ۾˲
ٴתξʿһҾھӪ
ξô¶
Լϸоҩܾˣ
ʵ
ʿһŭûᷢе뷨һֱǳϢ̻֮ƨ߶ƨ߶һٸлȻɱȥʰ޲òһ˫
ܾˣ
ôܣ
ôԾܾоǸʿɫ˲Ǻ죬ͬŮһ㣬ȵ֪꣬ڸʲô𣿡
֪ҲоҩҪս국˵
û˿ԾܾоһĴԣ
䣬Ǹʿһֻųץ˹Ȼ㲻ȥҾͰץȥ
ɫһ䣬΢΢˱˶ԷĴ֡һ¸ӼŭǸоʿȵ㾹ȻҶ㣿
Ǹʿǰһһ˳
ǸҩʿվһЦؿ֣ξһزξһϺȵ
ǣʱ򣬳ȴһ˿ɫԸһˣ˭ΣͶ˭ΡոսҲֱӺǶϡ
ʱԷȻҪԼĶ⣬ԥؽ͸Է棬΢ʩչŲֻ΢΢һ˶ԷĴ֣һ
ž
һĶǸʿϣֱӰǸоʿɵˡĵҲһڡû뵽ỹ֣û뵽Ķ⡣
һԵǸҩʿҲһ㶣ξһĴ㵡ξһ˿Ц⣬һ˿ͣȥĿȴһֱһΣգԥس֡
ǸоʿڴӴɵ״̬˹ŭͨ졣
裡
裡
ǳ裡
Լһڵ߾Ȼһڵ߳һ⣿
ֻ裬ȴûһ˿Ŀ־壬Ϊ֪ԼղǴˣ˿ӣֻҪԼ˵һ꣬ҲĶ֡
Ϊ߹ˣȻЦĸ߹뷨ûггĶ⣬һĶ⡣ԣһҪóķʽһԼ
ҽڵһ壬ˮͬ֩һѿѷ죬ʾĹų˹ȥ˰ų˹ȥ
ѾʹһǧٹٶڿХ
ž
һڷȴڳϣǳһƳ˶Էϡ

ǸʿĶҪˣ˲佫Լȫͷ˳һǧʮݺݵس˳ꡣ
һ˳ϣܿܽĲӶϡξ۾ļⶼĽʱ׼ųȥ
ΪǺͶԷž޴Ĳ࣬ͱ϶Էһߣһߡһܸߵľߡ
ʱԷһй켣ڳľֵбûó׵ԤСԤб׵ض˹ȥȻ׵һ˦˶Էϡ
γóǧȻɱˣǲζˡԷȻóеҪԼأԼֻѾˡ
ž


114 
һƺݺݵس˶ԷϣǸʿֻԼԴһӱ㱻˳ȥ˦˼ݣѪ
ͨ
ˤ˵ϣĿɿڴˡξҲĿ̶࣬дϲ꾹ȻܹԽսһϲ°˴ϣˡ
žξͬʱһӣҪ˵ȴһ
ž
˲ɶĿ˸ոմӵξǸոմӵʿҲ⡣
ξ˵̫ˣȻﶯ֡ﻹûг٣ﻹûξ
ξɫһͣû뵽ܾû뵽ᷴû뵽ξѵ⡣
û뵽û뵽Ϊǽоҩ֮ûз顣˵һξһУټҲ¶
ξҲû˵ľְߵģ˵ѵǣǶǼԳͷҲеͨġǣξǿ԰ѱȥξһ˿ӡ
һȺûйֻлѼӣ
ξҪ󽫳ߣŹ˾Ҫ͵·ͥ
͡ξЦһ˾ʲôʱξˣôûп
㡭һξɫǺ죬ְŭѹȥ˵ûдǣµı
ŶԭǱξ˵ҲǱͬģǸ׵ͷСӲǳ˾ɣȶֵģҿۿ룬ҪҪϾҵǰȶ֣ҿԴһ֮
㡭ãξٴǿסŭڲˣҪѳߣξûɣ
ߣξЦе˵Ҹɣ
Ǵо꣬Ϲذɣ
ৡξӰȡһļߵξǰžһǷļξϡ
ξûпһϵǷļЦе˵ⲻϹأ
㡭ΪʲôξѾĳ
ΪʲôΪʲôξɫȷع涨Ȩκһˡ
˵ĿǸξ˵㡣ֻҪ´ҲøǰߡǣڵκһŶûȨˡһʿڵķսõ͸ͬ⡣Ѿܾǣǻʲô
ξɫɫξ˵û涨Ϊ˱֤ǰսҶԸǰߣܵĳεֵԣǻûǿнߵȨ
ξɫһһ޺޵һŵߣ
ĸȥھʱĸ˶ų꿴һۣǣСӣ»ûн
ĸȥıӰȭһʵҵʵǿʵ˭ҡҳ꣬һҪΪǿߡ
ξϣų¶Цݵ꣬㲻Ҫġһ㵣ţûܹǿǾˡ
ллξϵ˵
ξһ˵ܹ꣬ңΪʲôоҩҪ֪ڲ֪жԴҪȥȥ
ҪΪǿߣ˵ҪΪǿõĵطǰߣ
ξžһӣ͵˵Сӡ뷨
˿ӱϣų΢Ц
ǣֱξһϣξ
꣬ҿͻϱΧֿ㽫Ǹڵϱͷкܲʲô𣿡ξʵ
΢ص
΢ξ۾һӾˣ漴ЦãããѾ˲۷˰ɣʱԽ˰ɣ
ǣ
ţ˴Ȼаʱ䣬ϣܹͻƵڣܹٽһﵽڵڶ㡣΢УϾͿԺ˲һߵˡ
ǣش
ɣ꣬ǽһ¡ξ΢Ц˵
һϲܹһξ֣ԶԼвԾԾԣϡڡһվ˭֪ξȴǳڰֵ˵Ǻ㽻Ǻд衣


115 ʻ
д裿ʲô𣿡Щɵ
ξؿų꣬ɫࣺ꣬Ŀⲻֻһɣ
ûеȳ˵ξͼ˵ֻһôֻҪĹˡͻƵڣһΪһǣҪͻڣξǸʱֹǿŬܹﵽġҪϵĻۡ
ϵĻۣЩãȻ
ξɫӵ֮ͨڣǸʱҪԹȻܹԸӦòǷȱľ۷ҪСۣǽ㲻սĻе˼γʱһ̡
۴ﵽһľ磬УսӵǿҶ㽫Լѧشá
˼һξԴӽ뵽֮󣬾һֱ̫ȭһһרעһ似Ҫѧ
ξ΢˼һµҽڳڵʱҲ㻹ʿʱҪѧϰһЩ似
ԭ
һ棬еʱͬ似ڲͬĳŲͬáһʿôҪľǳɱ֮ҪǱԶѧûл
յ似ʺͻ似ʺϷɱ
ڶ棬ѧ似ֻһЩ似Ƕۻźܴáֻ۽Ż㣬һֹ֮С
ǣȵ˺ҪγԼеķרһֹӸַнۣȥָʵ
ξָ룬˳˼ǰһ͸ѧ˲ٵ似̵Ķ͵ģ̵Ķ͵ġȻ似ƷߣȴӺܶࡣóʱǳãξһϯǰһȻʡ
꣬Ҫֻǵһɱ˵Ĺߡ
ǡʲô
ξ֣ص˵
۾·һڳش򿪡
صԼᣬӶξ˵ĹۡڵԵĸǰξĻ뵽УнԼĸ뵽СȻԼһƻǰƶһЩƻһЩʱ佫ǰ͸Լĸ似úһ£Žյ似似ֱںϡ
ЩѾȲˣ˵ԣصؽлǣæ⿪һ˵ϣͷų
һ߶һ˫ִǵͷЩӿģιɣ
ҡͷβ͵صؽţί֪ΪӪ˶ιʳһЩ⣬࣬ں˵ίȡһǵʵ
һԱʽȻϴ˯
ڶ賿㣬׼ʱһ龫γͲñ뵽ˣڴֱӽԼľ͸ڵǸڡ
˲ٳ
ѵѧϰʻֳ˵ЩϱͯսҲԸֳǳϤֻгǵ˵ڶݶӵӪ֮ſʼѧϰġ
˵ֳͣǼͨĳյĲǺܺãοҪѧϰװ׳̹˵һ½ϵľе
ǳӭϱһƬЦϸգƣĺϵЦǵҵƽˣCгı̫ޣ޵ϸЩϱеڿ˳һ棬һҵ˱ı㣬Цʮֳ졣Ϊ±ͯսҲŴʹسųЦš
ྲ
ξһȣٳһƬžξЩϱͯսڣȻȵܺЦǰɣǵļǰɣ
û˸ҳһͷڸԵĳϡ
ξ
һξܵξǰžһ񣺡棬٣
ξЩϱͯսһȥӵѵ֪ʲôļʻ
ǣ٣
ξ־һȻܵһͨļճǰϳȻתͷЩϱңڷӪصʱ򣬱ʮ׵˽ûԣ
䣬һţճһڵһ˳ȥһƬĺ˴ƬĳһͺŵĳӪأξ


116 
ԶȥֻôһֻһͨļճǸξȴܶȽĳ˦˺棬һԽԽԶơ
ľһƣ½ܹзԵûм
価ٳָֻ˼žξų˵ؼʻֳ½رļܣһϸ½ʿ뾫ֳͨ־ͨɲǻῪҪܹڸָӵĵиٵؿͬʱҪѧ޳һϵ޳Ǿͨ޳Ҫ̵ʱڽܹ޸ĳ޺á
صͷڵսУشá۵Ľǳˣ˲ɱơ
ڴĳѧȻҪѧϰͺŵװ׳̹ˣװ׳̹ˣװ׳̹ˣˮ½ܵװ׳̹ˡѧϰͨĳ
ţ֪ξָԼΪԼоҩǰı֣ǺξһĽξԼ߿һۣԼܸߡ߶ȼԼľѾϾΪǿˣѾʶǼǷʮֵǿǿͨʿļʮ
ξһ߽һעų꣬ŵ겻׵ʱ÷٣һ͡ϾڳҲһ˽⣬֪ⷽ漸һ׳գҲںѧϰһ꣬ͨĳῪ
ǳıȴǳ⣬ֻƵƵصͷûһ⡣ⲻξ
һ̫ɹ˺þãѾɵòܹٸɵĺ࣬ڷˮһξڵ֪ʶξһֻɣ꾿˻Ϊˣ
ĸСʱֻĸСʱʱ䣬ξȻԼƺûʲô꽲ˡξԼܱ뵱ԼѧЩ֪ʶҲºòãʵʱ˰ʱ䡣
ں֮ûѧҪΪǸʱЭȲЭѾ˺ܶࡣ
ʵЩ֪ʶѾѧ֪½ҪĹٷѾѧһ顣ξĽߣϾϵĶģξľǱġ

ξ³һڱؿڵ֮Գ˵ȻϵĶˣǾʵһ°ɡ
ǣ٣
صһճȻʼտʼЩ裬ǳǿľѾﵽŵЭ÷ɿ졣ֻӵʱ䣬ξεó껻һֻ֮һȻٻٻװ׳̹ˣܻڳ
ֻȥ˲ãеĳѾϤξǿһؿų꣬аֻƽϵļʻҾͲڸӵҲܹô
뵽ξвһЩ¶һ˿Цݵ꣬һԽҰԴӣϣ㲻Ҫ˦̫Զ̫Զˣûз԰
ǡ٣˳žһξһ
ãڿȥԷϢˣҿʵ
ʱ򣬶˸ͺųķԶڶݶӪصĴųһճξʻΪͨļճǾһΪͨļճȻеսӶԱһ˦ȥʮ⣬굱ʱˣǶҪˡ
ʱЩﳵϣЩϱϸΪȫûмԲϷԹһ˸߲ҵغţˣϽȥǸûаӪײˣ
ϸգ˵Ѿײˡ
˲͸һϵһһұġ
һԵξҲǱס֣Ц
ǾЦɡ߷ߵ˵֪ү
䣬תߺߵʳȥξųıӰЦȻЦȻֹųıӰ꣬Сӣ˭ӣ
ľһʳҲȥˣתԼɿȥ
ڶ졣
峿ٳ֮󣬷ڲٳͣһոµļճʱξվһĸǰһٳϵʿξ߻վλξһλξ
һλսԱѾϣξбڼճϵֱͦ˵Դȥһǵĵһοˣһͺһճǿѡһڻصʱ򣬱ξ֮ڲŻصʿ콫ûзԡ


117 뿼
еսԱ϶һⲻǳԲԷ⣬⡣һٸսԱʿеٮٮߣÿ˵ﶼԼĽαȥϾͻӰ죬Ҳͻյѡϱ̭Ե˴ȡϾֻʮ
ǱȵٶȣҵĳͶһôֳʤ
һ˷ӦԤЭԡ
ӵĵΣټĹһʿķӦһĿ顣ֻΪķӦ̵ܹʱԤУȻֳԼĿҪԼĳѵж֧жɾʿЭԡ
ĳ˵һδһõĳ֣һõĳȴа˳ɵĿһߡ
ΪһʵǿߣҪҲڲͣķӦԤЭԣͨڵġ
ԣҲξһٸսԱĻˡһޣǸξ˦ӵʱ䣬Ҳͽξ̭ߵ
ÿսԱʱжܽţ˭ҲΪһ̭ˡҲǳţϾϵѧϰֳļʻȲѾѧ˺ܾá
ξڲٳ𣺡ǣ뵽֮ʿнġ֮ʿÿ˵õһǧĻ֡һ֮ڵʿõǧڵĻ֡һ֮ڵʿõһ֡
еʿ۾һһԾԾξ¶һ˿ЦݣŹƻ˭ܹξõ֡һξõ֣ξõʮ֡ҳԽˣõʮ֡
ܾһٸսԱûκһ˱ֳģҪĽЩսԱĻ쾭һǼʶξˮƽǿξд⣬ǸûóԼȫڶһ㣬ȥԽ
˰ɣ
ʱûгԽɣ˳ǿɾʧˡʵʵȡξʵݡ
ξսԱû¶˷ܵı飬ҲȤȱȱ˻ֵ·߶ڳڵĵϣȷظǾǶǵһοˡǼճỻͺţδʮҪʮͺŵĿˣװ׳̹˵ȡʮĿˣֻҪܼа˴α˦֮⣬ôϲǣǽΪһ̭ʿ
ξһ䣬ÿһʿ϶ֳ֮ɫû뵽˻ٵ˿죬һַʽҵĿⲻ˳ꡣ
ͯսϸյ˵¶˵֮ɫܶϱ¶ֻĿ⡣
ξҲһ۳ʮֱֳķʽڶݶӲšʱֱǵϿպģǵõڶݶʿĻǳЦҪܹóٱ¡
һֵڸӵʱ
Ҳ֪⳵ûʲôģͺһһǱġԶһȥҲͬѡһ棬кϼƵһĳͣǸξʵǿҪ˦սԱӵʱ䣬һ;˵һʱ䡣
˿ϱĶװǹʮűը΢΢üͷ˵ᾭĵطҪս߼ʻ
죬껹ûжٰա
ξڳϣһ۳ꡣԭûôͿʼο츳Щ̭Ȼ˴ȵʱԽԽˡǣֳѧϰջͿʼ뿼ˡľ飬оӦòᱻ̭ǳɼһЩ
ҲǰĿ˻ᱻ˦֮󣬵ųڼʻϤӦܹʮοдﵽߡӳջĿ⣬иһ꣬Ҫʧ
ʱѾĵͼ򿪣ľֻѸٵؿһ飬㶼ԺСȴһ˿ЦȻϣ˵ľ뵱ҵμΪӣż·ۼ֮ءȻڶݶƬлϲг׵ǲҪˣڸټʻ֮СֻǱһ£˵ͷˡ
ӵʱܿ͹ȥһ󷢶ĺξȼʻżճսӵӪء


118 ˦
ǽظ˺棬ĺһƬսӵӪأϵɫһ䣬ʱĵڶݶӵ㳡ϸ߸ʮĴĻڶݶڵʿ˶ۼھ޴ĴĻ£սӵĿֱ
³һǿľܿƽ
һճʻ˵ڶݶӵӪ֮⣬һƬԭϲչһξһźǹվӪſڡֻҪźǹһ죬˾Ϳʼˡ
ֱѾɵ˿УӪڵʮ޴ʾѾһӰһֳ˵ԱѾλ
ͣ
ϸպͯսûгЦ꣬¶һ˿ǡ곯ǵͷȻͯսҲͣ
ͯսһЦû֮ǰ֣û⡣
һ룬ͯս䶼طƣ˱һ򵥣Ȼǰ𳵣ԼСһ֮ǰû
ʱϱȴǳЦųꡣмϱ̲ס˵꣬οֱֱֳ֮ͳˣ
꣬˵ֱѡ̭ˣʡڼǰ
ƽ֪ԼǰûӼʻ㣬ͱھͬʱӳԼǿĳ
ȻϻҪЩϱһЩǼʻˣҪԲһЩ໥֮༸ĨƽڷӦԤЭϣ֮ϡ꾫ȫĻ⼸潫ӵؿֲԣ겢ʮֵģԼĽǿģҲᱻ˦֮
顫
һǹ죬漴һһͬŭĹţһ˳ȥ
ֱ֮žڿнͼ˻ȥŴĻϵĻ棬˵Ա㳡ϻصλڣǹѾˣһͬԭϵĿڱڡǵξһǰ棬ξФξξʱҪФξ΢λ޺ξξ֮ĸ˴һʼȷ˵һŵλãǽ̹٣ξټǿߡ
ǿڶţȻҵϡսʵǿϸǰ棬ҲǺԣһʮͷֻ΢Ĳࡣǵĺ滹Ű档ǿֻǿʼſ˵ĽУʮƱػ룬ĿԴ
ǿһš
ޡ
һŵɾӴˡ
ۡ
̫ˣҶ֪һٸսԱ±Ƿֱǳ꣬ͯս䡣ͯս侹ȻһͻǰЩϱ˦˺档ļʻˮƽͲ±̫ˡ⻹ֻǿʼǿڴ±ڽлȡʲô𾪵ĳɼ
ǣһ±أ
أ
žͷѰҳꡣ
ޡ찡
ҿʲô
ǳ
սԱˮƽ
ðɣǳ꣬ĿǰսԱһд
ҶˣǱսԱ±еһ˵ʵǿļʻˮƽô˵ð
⻹ֻǸոտʼѾס
װǶܹڴʲô
⻹ֻڲԭϣһСʱ֮ǽʮ䣬֪ʮĹڶ֪һʮɽȣʮ˸ת䣬Գˮƽǻܹڴʲô
ڳĹȥҲҪǿ
ѵҪڴƱ˦Զļ¼𣿡

ٳ˽˵ĳЦһʿȭͷŴĻϵĳ꣬һĬĬźţ꣬ͣ
Ӫ͸Ҳ㶼ŴĻʱ˶˳ĵСӸûѧ
ˣ
ͻȻĬһһʿشţɾһ񣬹ȻĻеĳ꿪ʼˡ
ոѧῪһʼͽܿ졣־ոտľüճٶȿԴﵽʱٹҲ׳Ƶ
սԱǹ˲䶼ٶһٶʮϣʱٶȻڲͣ
ֻгڿʼʱֻٶ˰ʮֻڲٳԳȴı˵ʵʮһοٶȡԼһӦ˳Цʹˡ
һʼ˲ͱ˦ҡǳȴżķӦЭԤͿԼܿͻϤһٶȡ


119 
ûžףΧ棬ǶԳĿƣǶ·˽⣬ļʻһʵķԾ
ûôҪԼ֮ǹеͷɻ϶ҵ˸оǷܹҵС
ƷһľףķӦԤЭԶԶˡֻڲһӵʱͷǳӦ˰ʮٶȡ
ʼٶˣٶ˾ʮսԱһʼͽٶһٶʮʱٶȸҲһʮԳǵľȴǰһĳʱڳҰжֻʣһڵ㣬ԶԶ˦˺档
һĿضŴĻʱĻֳĸ֣һȫڶĸ̹ٵĵһţǵڶţĲһšʱڵĲֵһŵĻжѾĳֻܹӵһȫĻϿԶԶ˺棬Ҿ뻹ڲϵȻǶܹٶ
ˣһһʿ
ڽٶʮ֮һӣٴνٶһûмٶȣÿһٶȵƵϤųżһγˣͷķһʱ䲻ʲôνĥ󿳲񹤣ֻҪȵȫϤʱ̡
ʮӺ󣬳ѾٶһٰʮɫļճͬһֻѸٵػ˲ԭǣ벻ûбСһΪʱһսԱҲѾٶ˶
ǸȫĻ϶Ѿ˳ĳʱĳ걻˶ٹ
ޡֳ˵Աһ𣺡ΪĬɣѾȫ˻棬ֻǶʮӵʱٱһ߹Ѿ̭ˣǿʼעսԱɡ
һʿʱͷҲһͨ졣ҧùĹĵġ
ʮ֮ͻȻ˽˵Աľۣ찡ҿʲôҿ˳꣬Ȼ׷ˣȫ档
һĹٱһĿ˲㶼ڴĻϵȫ֡Ȼ˳ĳȫ棬ֻǺеһźܴľ롣
ǿﵽʲôٶȣ˵Ա˷ޡ찡Ȼﵽ˶ʮٶȣ͵һľ룬ǿԼжپ롣ޡľ룬ǵڴǿǷܹ׷
찡

ûп
ȻٶȣѾʮˡʮٰʮپʮ

Ѿﵽ˼ٶȣѾ˵ŵĻ档
˽Ŀⶼ˵ŵĻ棬ȻڵŵĻβĳԶԶص˺棬һ֮ľ벻һ֮ľС
һĹٱʼ˷ÿ˵϶ǵͨ졣гĳڷɿź͵ŵľ롣
ˣˣ죡죡ͣͣһʿʼСŵغش
׷ˣ
ʱ侲ʱѾ͵ŵһֻһ׵ľ롣
ڳǰĵܹʮ໥֮ľ벢Զһ۾ܹǰͯսͯսֻ֮һλ
ֻǿһۣʹżͯսʱٶǶٶʮҡ꽫ٽղֻһڲԭϱֱʻû˿ĸţԿճļޣﵽ
ҪʼˣٶȾͱʮΣգһ΢СĲͻᵼ·
Ѹٵؽٽʮٶڽʮ֮ǰӦܹһš
ĳٽˣﴫ˽˵Ա˷ܵҪʼˡǿʲôٶȳ
ڽٶѾ˶ʮήȥ
ޡ
ûнҪԶʮٶȳˣ
ʮ
ѡٶȳܲ˵ĵвͻ¹ʣ᳹˳ⳡˣɹĿԴ
һʿغţȥˣ
һƬУ곬ԽһʼŵڶԽ
һʿֿʼ˷ܵغȻͣ˫ȭȴյýġ
꿪ʼһһسԽһƬĲԭϣֻҪٶȣҪԽǺѡ


120 ʮ
֪Լڽ뵽ʮ֮ǰ׳Խţһ뵽ʮ䣬·խҪٳѡһԽţ͵ڶŻһξ룬Ϳûиŵؼӿٶʮ͵ڶ֮ľ롣

һʿԽԽ󣬴ʱҲʼΪʱڳǰֻǾͯս䡣
ͯսоڼٵ׷տһۺӾɫһ뵽˸ĸϱԽǶǸо⡣û뵽ʱڳԽǵĻǳꡣ
һǼʻܵһ˿Ӱ죬ѸٵؼоĳѾͬһشͯսĳߺХ˦
ǲ֣ͯս߷ߵжʮ
һҧٶȻŶʮӹһ˿΢ЦȻһţһܿһ˺ͯսľ롣
ͯսʱѾ֪˵ʲôˣ
ȥˡ˵Աһ˷ܵĳ
ȥˣһĹٱ˷ܵ
ĹٱҲ˷ȻûһĹٱ˷ܵҲĿ˵Żڵĳꡣ
ٶȿ񱼣ĵŽ˦ԶʮӺ󣬳꽫ٶȽ˶ʮϵɫ߶ȼС
ǰһɽȣĵطףխĵطңխɽʮ˸ת䣬·ʮա
·ڳ˵һѶȣýٶȿڶʮѾﵽļޡ
ǰҰûһڶŴʱѾչ˵ĳųϿȣٵ׷š
˵ԱüȣʱٶǶʮǿܲʮ׷ϵڶݶӡڶݶӵٶȡ
һӷ˱仯Ļ˵ڶݶӵĳĻϺܿ˵ڶݶӶʮϿڷɳ۵Ӱͬʱÿʱٶȡ
ǴʱѾˣڶǰϸǶٶʮٶȣһٶǶٶȣڴԶʮٶȷɳ۵ĳٸһϲ
ٳϵӪ΢΢üͷҲĵص˵Ӫٶǲ̫ˣ·вͻ¡
ţɫصص˵ͷ
һĹٱֽŵųĳϵǰڶŵľԽԽǿٳѻȸֻн˵Աͣڸؽ˵ţһĸ̹ٵٶȣǺǣĸ̹ٻûóǵʵʱԶʮٶʻǾٶȣҲڲϵ͵ڶŵľ롣
ս˵ʮһȻûпڶŵĳȴԶзĺڼžϿд֮󽥽ʧתһ
ӹһ˿΢ЦһӦܹˡ
ÿһǳسͨı׼ҪͨʮҪСʱҡ
䡫
ļճû˿٣Զʮٶڹ䴦һƯƣ˵ʮҰȻûпڶŵĳǷԵ˺ܶࡣ
ϣ겢ûпڶŵĳӰǵ뵽˵ʮھʮʣǧҵʱڿһպùչʮ
ȻǸƯƣʱ·˳һ壬Ұп˵ڶŵĳӰ
ǳ𣿡
ӹһ˿΢Цһٵرƽ
ڶһ˺洫ķĺͨӾһײͱϡôҲû뵽׷Ļǳ
Ӫڵ㳡ϿջصŽ˵Ա˷ܵѾ׷˵ڶţʮ䳬ʮ䳬̫˼ˣĿԴ
ӪϵѾǳԡ
ģ겻ðﳬġӪ϶˵ϾҪʮˣʮһƬأȻ·ǿӿݣﳬᰲȫࡣҲôġֻҪʮҧ˵ڶţѾɹˡ
ͻȻɫ侪
ʱڵʮһƯƳǰһ
⡭ȻɹˡӪĿɿڴ
ǲ񰡣ɬ˵
ƯĸƯƳ˵Աһαüڳǰ滹жʮһֻжʮһ


121 ͹Ļ
ǵЦ⣬ʱѾоڵķӦԤЭȶﵽһ۷ںϣоԼ·ͳѾһ塣Ѹٵǰĳ׷ȥ
ӵʱ䣬Ѿ׷ǰĳ·ʵ̫խˣûа취һСľͻײͱϡ
һְỵ̂һֿʼŵʮ߸ĻȻݣоһϲԽǰ·ͻὥؿʮ߸ȫ
ǰĳҲû˿ĽţҲ֪·£ĳûа취ԼֻҪҧסǰĳͿˡ
ʮճͬһɫĳϿзɿʻšʮ߸ؿˡ
λڣӪڵĽ˵ԱȾŽŵգϾҪʮĵʮ߸ˣ껹ܹĿƯƳǰĿԴ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
Ưƣ
ּƯƣ
Ư
ȥˣ
𡫡
βһĹٱڻӪڵĽٱڻĺ
ֳɹԽһǰ滹жʮһӵʮ˸ȥ֮󣬽һƬӿݵĻأ·ʮּ֪·£ǼԽһα˦
˵Աͣ˵ţýٱһ˫˫۾ضŴĻϵĳꡣ
һĿƯƣڵʮ˸һγԽǰĳʱǰ治ֻ̹ʣʮ
ʮ䣬ѾܹԶԶؿĸ̹ٵĳѾĸСڵ㡣һʮ䣬еĳʼ١
ǰϸս˶ʮڳǰ泵Ҳ˶ٶʮ
ղʮ׷ǰ泵ʱѾٶȽʱһΰѳ˶ʮڲҪ죬ֻҪٶȱǰĳͿԡ
۵۵
͹ƽóļճһһڻϱţһһܵġӿ¿ȥͬһɫǰɿԾš
Ҷ٣ֻܹؿĸ̹ٵĳǵҰбԽԽС
ڳǰʮûг뷨·ºƿأ΢עͻзĿܡ
·ȻǳãȴһƬڳҲûгĿܣĳϣʱúǰĳţ໥ĦײĿܡֻҪǰ泵ľ룬ɻӳ·ߣ˷ʱ䡣
ҪٶȣҪٶȲĵʱ䡣
Ҫʲô˵Աٴ˷ܵʼбʻҪĺ룬ڳʱͲĦײǣɻӴʻľ룬ѾǶʮˣ·ϣѵٴ
ˣ
ˣ
ٶ˶ʮ
ľҲûгǰĳǿڴֻҪ˺ĺ룬ʼʱ̣һڴ
бǰɿس˳ȥһ·ţһһң·ʱᷭһ㡣ǳ·ͳ庸ӵһһ㣬ȻǵҰУҲһһҵػţϸĵ˿Է֣ҡεķȺƵ복һ¡·ǹ̶ڳϵһ
ļճ뿪˳ӣʮס
꽫ͷȴԶʮٶǰȥûٴ߳١
ǰ˿˳Ķûа취Ҳбſȥ赲ĳĻͻᱻĳԽǻδܹ赲ꡣ
һרעļʻ·ϲܷ˿ľ
ĳؿʼԽһʮʮ
ʱڳǰֻʣĳٶͳһʮҪǰͱٴνԼĳ١
·óҲЩģһһܵģҵƽܲաǣһǳˮ̲ݺύʮǳˮ̲ｫһΪ֮أҪɺӣȻˮǳҲûаˮ峺һЩǳˮһȺȺԶ㡣
һֹΪǿԶ㣬ҷҲǿȻֻһǳõǹȴԲһǹͽǻУ뼸ǹʮǹ
˵ЩԶԵǱǸţסͻᱻξ˦֮⡣ǳˮʮǰٹڣҺ֮Ţĵ·ҪԽǰӵѡԣ뾡ڵǳˮ֮ǰԽ


122 ǳˮ
һ˶ʮ¡¡һƬļճԸӿٵͷǰȥ
ԣ
ܣ
Ǵܣ
ǰúӾ۽ǵܹļճɿشܽ
ϵսԱһҧһҲٶ˶ʮеһҲǸոսʮĳ忪ʼȶڴСһ͹·Ťơ
ǸսԱ̽Լĳٽ˶ʮ
䡫
ĳҲ״Խ˹ȥ
ҲݣǸսԱݺݵһ
ԽˣԽˣӪڵϿٴ˽˵Ա߿һγԽˣǰֻˡǣҿûУҲͬԶʮٶʻлٴγԽ𣿳ǻٴٳԽǣһֱٶҧסǣһ취Խǣ
ӪڵĽٱ۾ضų꣬ʱѾûȥĵźĸ̹٣ס
Ϊ̫ˣȫһ̬֣ӱ˦ûӰ˦˾ͷһ׷ǰֻĸսԱ˵Ĵ̼̫ˡ

̫ˣ
ŵӪӣҪ˵ŵĻһĹٱһ˫ȭɣաʵ̲סԵʵӪ˵᲻ٴٶȣ
Ӫҡҡͷ̫ܣ㿴ⶼȥʮˣɱŶʮٶȣҪҧסǰ׼һԽ
񳤳һ⻹ã·ĺΣա
Ӫüͷ˵һѣǳˮ̲ųȺԶ㡣
˻񵹳һ
ԶԶسѾǳˮ̲ҫĿ⣬ĸ̹ٵĳӰһγǵҰУѾٵԶȥԶǹԶԾӰ
һְỵ̂һȡǹУճ۵糸س˵һǳˮӡ
¡¡ЩԶ㣬һ̧ͷû˿˫˳ˡ
꽫ٶȽ˶ʮʱҪгУͬʱҪǹСʮٶûаաҪһϤḶ́Ҳȵڽǳˮٴٶȡ
ûнţֻǽ۵˫ĿһֻֻĶüΪһ˫˫۱þ޴
䡫
ǰͬһٽ˶ʮֻһսԱΪһĺûᣬΪͨǳˮӵѰ취ûзӦʱƾٶȳȥ
һֵֻҰһ㣬˳ӣǳˮӣתĳꤽˮɽ
顫
һֻԾӭҧļճݺݵײ˳ȥǾΪһײļճЩʧȥ˷򡣸ĳ˹ȥ
ա
Ǹʿڿǹͬʱһӽ˶ٶʮҲײƫ˷ٵһ߿ǹһߵŷ
ա
ǰսԱͬʱǹĸ˵ǹĹپ㶼׼ǰԼ·һֻֻ˫ۣͬһعιˮзڵһֻֻ㡣
˰һƬŢʱڳǰ棬Ҳ׼ǰ·˫ۡ
ʱڳǰ˷ֱϸգƺŢĵ·ϣĸɱʮٶȣŢĵ·ܻһһַƮĸоһһصĸо˺ܲƿءԣ˭Ҳûиٴΰٶʮ
ԭе໥֮ǰľʻš겢һֱٶǰҪٴγԽͱٶȣҪٶȾͱϤµ·
ʱѾû˶֣ȫڶ·ľ֮Уһоĳлۡ
˵ڶǳˮӣڰʮ
ӹһ˿ŵ΢ЦȻ˶ʮǰٵسȥֻ˲׷ƽơ
ǰɫһ䣬ֳһƬ㣬˲䶼˶ʮʮǳˮӣҲƬһϤ
ϸͻǰ΢󣬳Ʋ
ա
ĸͬʱǹʼһǳˮӡ
ڶʮٶ£ǹƫһֻײĳϣĳͷ΢ƫı˷򡣾ôһ˲ļճ䡱һ߳
ܿؾͨһƬŢʼһβԭżĵò


123 ʮ
һμˣٶ˶ʮͷѾԽĳβһҧ±˲Ҳٶ˶ʮͻǰϸҲͬʱ˶ʮ
ͬɫӹ˲ԭǰɳ۶ȥ̺ĸ̹֮ľ롣
ǰĸСڵ㿪ʼر
ȣСӵĳ𣿡ǸξƲƲ죬Ȼ˶ʮ
ǰξӹһ˿⣬ȻΪԭ֮оųꡣܹսԱʼ׷ǣ⻹һ㡣
䡫
һĸ̹ٲԼͬؽٶ˶ʮٴνԶǶ뿴ĸ˵Ǳж
䡫
꽫˶ʮ˲ĳƽ֮󣬳Խ񣬿ʼϸյľ롣
ӣ
ϸߵʮٶѾļޣֻпųĳƽȻԽذ˦
ʮ
ؼʻżճаѰ˼š·ȻȲԭҪ΢һЩֻǽٶٰʮӦûɣ
䡫
꽫һ˶ٰʮóһڷĸо
ҪʲôӪڵĽ˵Ա𾪵𣺡꾹Ȼ˶ٰʮҪʲôѾսӵĵһѵųԽ̹

ĸ̹֮ľ룬ر޺ξ֮ľڽ
̼
̫̼ˣ
֣
̫ˣ
ڴܹԽ̹٣ֻǳԽ޺ξڴ곬Խ޺ξ֮޺ξϻһʲô飡
ӪڵĹٱˣһɫǺضŴĻҪ֤һ漣ĵ
볬Խ޺ξѵĵصΪҽһδءһؽʮ䡣
ʮϿ֮ڣʮһɽ֮ϣҲһɽ·ɽ·ϲʮ˸·ȴʮ˸ʮֶ͵·ǳ֮Ϊħ·ʮɴ˶
ʮҪʮѣһͱڣһ£вͻԨ·ϣĸ̹Ҳҽԣ·Ҫĸ̹ټ췽ҹ̷
ôһʲôأ
һһƬ֣ڴвҪïʢľҪźܶܼҪԶԶسԽǳˮӵԶ㣬ڴеȻǳˮӵ㣬ǵٶȺݶȴԲԶܹȣЩԶųԳ˹ȥ˵ｫΣյһء
ԣҪԽξͱﳬԽһ뵽ʮ֮ʧȥеĻᡣ
ڳǰһ޴ɽסǵĵ·ԶԶܹһΧɽһȦһȦͬһ޴ߡ
Ǿɽ·
֪ʮҪˣ
ĸ̹һξľ뻹вһǧף·Ѿܹٶˡ
ǰʼ٣ǳԵؼ٣ڳ㣬ǰξѾξҲһپʮǸξѾٶȼһٰʮ
ŶٰʮٶȼУѸٵźξ֮ľ롣
䡫
ξĳʮ䡣ξһξҲʮ䡣꿪ʼ٣ٶȿڶʮ䣬ʱξľѾڡ
̫꣡꣡ˣӪϿջصŽ˵ԱȻʮԶ׵ٶʻٶĿǰֻͻǰξٶȷɳۣѵҪʮ䳬Խ޺ξ̫ˣôܣѵ겻֪Σǧ𣿡
ӹһ˿Ц⣬ĳʱڲϵ׷ǰ޺ξĳľڽĹУһֱעξٶȣһֱһٰʮٶȣ֪ѾʮļٶȣûΪԼ׷϶١
ȥһֹȥһҪʱ򣬳ĳѾ޺ξĳٶȽһٰʮ
޺ξӹһ˿ЦаҾͰڵø㣬ѵ㻹ڵٶȳɣ
ˣ
ˣ
ʱ
ƷһȻţ˷Բ׵Ŀռ䣬ǰңһ״УڵķһжĳľС


124 
ǰĵ··˲ÿ㣬·ÿһ΢СĿݶɼľУǰ޺ξĳʼת䣬óڵ
˲佫ٵ˶ž޴ĺͳ̥ĦһƯƳԽ޺ξ嵽ǰ档
޺Ŀų꽥нԶıӰ̲ס
Ưƣ
ּƯƣ
Ưƣ
꾹Ȼ¸ƯƳ̫ˣ̫ˣ̫̼ˣ
˻ø
һ·ȥ
ʣǽĺһ׷ĵǳŵһȥ
ҪеĽ̹ҲԽ

ܣĳѾóЩˣϣҪͷԣԼ¹ʣҪ۵̹٣
Զٶ׷ǰξФξǰ棬ξФξʮ׵ľ롣
겻ξĳһپʮĳǶ˸׷ξ
ʮһ
ĳѾĳʮʮס
꽫ٽĳ
ֻ䣬ͷͳڡʶڵľٲѸٵ˳ȥٴγһ׾硣
ɾؽﳬǰФξ׷˹ȥ̧ͷԽФԶξѾԶԶ¡
䡫
Ӫڷ޴ӪطˣвģƯĸƯƳЩٱѪڣһŲӺ

곤³һѾ뵽ʮˣʮ䳬ξˡ
ǾȽФξԽȥɣ
ʮĸ곬ԽФξʱǰֻʣһξĳ֮ľúԶнһǧסҴʱξͬԶĳٷɳۣξ֮ľ룬ͱٴ١
һ˿ԥһֱͷžĹޣԡһأ֮лжôΣաǸʱһֱȫʱ̡
ʱһЩǸʱͻһʱ䡣ϣܹʢľǸأһֱȫͨ
ǣξ֮ľЩ뵽֣׷ξ
ûһ˿ա
ҧҧ꿪ʼڱȽֱ·ϣ˶ʮȻڲǽֱ·ٽٽ
Ƶ򽵵ͳ٣ξ֮ľڻ
ת˵ʮ˸ǰһıȽֱ·ֱͨ֡ʱξ֮ľѾ̵߰ڡ
ξͬʱʼ٣˲䶼ѳ˶ʮ䡱һ˴֣ڳҰУξֵ˲䣬ǰξһỵ̂һǹҲæѧһỵ̂һǹ˲ƷһľȫͷţҷԲ׵Ŀռ䡣
˲䣬һж紵ҶҡĹ켣ʮʱҰѾʧξӰֻܹïܵĴּĺξǹ
һϣһ첲ϸԴ˳꣬˻ơѸٷε䣬ߵ˫ۣճ䡱һ³˹ȥ
ּӰһһѸû˿ı䷽ɳǰɳۡ
ಡ
ֻѸ˳δȵڶηųԾâͷֱ˫ĿһѸ˵ϡ
ԶһֻԳ֦ϵ˹ؼηɵ˳׾磬׼һȻĳԳͻȻоǰâ˸
ۡۡ
˫ĿԴ˲佩Ӳ֦ϵ
ٶȼ죬Ǵ׷Χ֮ǰǰ󣬶һ˲֮䱻ͷ˾ڳƿغΧ״һһжࡣ
˲˾ֱ˶ʮ
ɫļճͬһɫľïּܵ䴩ͬһ㣬һּٵС
ֻҪоֱܹξ֮ǰľһˣѾ뵽ڣڳҰɿξĳӰ
һïܵĴ֮У˵ǻҪӦǶЩľҪܴķӦƿ
ڳŵľһжü򵥡
һСʱ򣬳ξľ˶ףʱѾܹżľмķ϶ξĳ


125 ⲻ
ʱξҲʶ˳׷ٶһ˶ʮͻ䣬ʶξּˡоԼžʱԼܹƿصٶȻûдﵽޡξٵͬʱҲѸٵؽ˶ٰʮ
ٶڴּ䴩УѾǳԼļˡǰξһҲﵽٶȵļޣϾûŵľ
ȻСʱ򣬳ξ֮ľѾʮףξȴûٴ٣ʮѾξļޡ
ξ¶һ˿𾪣ȫû뵽һû뵽ʿڱƽżԽƣû뵽Խ˻ǳꡣ
ոѧῪ
Լ̵İǸӾǸոտʼѵһ֣
У
ξһѵ߱еˣ
顫顫
Ӿп˳꾫׼ؽ֦ϵһֻԳ˫ۻξһ
ǹУ
̫ˣ
䡫
ļճͬһĳԳ˹ȥҽнԶ
ξҡҡͷûټ٣֪ʮѾļޣֻųĳӰҰнʧ
Ӫڣ˵ԱϿղ𣺡λڣʱܶ೵Ѿ뵽˴֡ʵ̫ïˣֱ׽мճӰӣֻеȴſ˭һ֮֡ǰѾˣǽξ˴֣߰ס߰׿࣬ڵθӵĴУ߰׵ľġҲҪǣڴлɼвԣҲ꣬Ѿ̫ľϲĺ֮·Ҳߵ˾ͷ
䡫
Ӫ֮ͻȻһڴĻƬֵĻгһɫС㣬Ҷ֪һճֱֻľͷû
ˣˣǿһֵľ˭ʵҲÿҿԿ϶ξ찡ȻǳꡭȻԽξһ˴֣Ϊ˵һѾ˵һΪĳһƬԭ·У֮ǰѾԿճٶȼޣ⽫׷Ѿʤ֣ǵȴΪǵĹھɣ
̫ˣС̫ˣ
Ӫ񣬸ɼغΧһʿѾˣŽŻš
꿴ǰ·˶ٰʮûٶѾռƵ£ǸԼء
ŵľЩƣСʱžһǼţ˺ܶࡣ
УӪطɳ۶ȥӴгξһѾһСĳ꣬ҡҡͷû١ԼٴҲ׷ϳˡ
Ϊƥĳ֣ĸ̹ٶڲ֪óԼȫˮƽһûмܹ뵽Ӽڡ
ξٴһǰĳǸڵ㣬ϸֳһ˿ЦаҪſˣΪгĴڣԺĿҲҪſˣܹھ㼰ˡ
꿪ʼ٣Ȼ󡰺䡱һӪأͷϵĿд˽˵Ա֮ˣǵĹھˣΪɣ
ͣ˼ճӼճվŴ˷ӿĹٱЦչ˫ۣͬһֻչӥ
˷ܵʿĳΧֻֽӳ̧ȻԶĿ˳ȥȻһߵʿֽסһߣٳϳһֵĺ󣬽˵Ļ˾޴ĺ
ξˣȴûȥʱȫΪһǡ
Фξˡ
ξˡ
޺ξˡ
˴ӳվξԣЦڿбȥĳꡣ
СӾǸЦ˵
ļ˷׷׵ͷͬ
ξȥʱ䣬ֻҪ֮ڻĶ㼰ǵٶȶСӸˣǰСӡ
ǺǡξЦ뿪ˣصԼļճϣʼ
½½ػˣҲػصӪſڣξվһһһʿղ꣬һʮŸʿֻʮ֮ڻ
ξؽʮʿݺݵѵһ٣ȻͷذǼʮĸʿѵһ٣ȴǰѳݺݵرһ٣ֱѳһЦ
ⲻڸ


126 ξС
ֻҪʱǾʮŸʿ֪Ǻ޲ðѳ˷ͷĳ갴Ϻݺݵһ١
ˣξ˳Ӫأ
Ҳųĸ̹ٵսӵӪʻȥϸյļճϸת˵Сӣаز¶
Цûûûز¶ѧĿ
ʹɣϸղм˵ѧĿܹЩϱɵܹξҲɵ
ϸ磬磡ǸոѧῪûѣί˵
磡ҽ磡ϸձȳ껹ίˣǧ˵ǸˣǸ־ͰϱɵǵķŰ
صͷðɣһ֣֣
Ŷ𣿡ϸصͷ
ţҲͷɫԺҲ֣һʱ򣬾ѾܹˣʱͶù󽱡
ϸձ˴ֿڡ
¡¡һʻսӵӪأξӳɫһ㶣ٳվһˣξ۾һξ˹
򣡡ǸʮߵξĸǰЦŻ
ӣôˣξǰȭһǸӵļһ¡
Ӻ󷽻ǰߣҸİ칫
˵εĿӹЩӳսԱӹһ˿Ц⣺ѵ
еսԱһŭصΡʱξվǾͻȥΧŹ㶼ʶ
ξҲ޵ǸŲʮǵһʵ⻹Ҫġﵽڵ߱ȱȽǣȴ΢սֱ
⽻ƽʱ˶Ǹӵ̬ȣǶξҲֻǽϵأʮʱܹ
û뵽εԸԽԽţȻԼƺԼıΪҲһŭ⣬ȵӣס죡
ȴǵЦ˵ҸղǶˣ㾹Ȼһʲôʿˣ
˵ĿƵɨһսԱҿҲʮͨòǣ
ˣΪԼʿˣΪԼ򱧲ƽΪԼˡвЦá
Ϊ˭
ҳ
һеȱΪһξ˰ɣҪСӣھһȳȥ
һ뵽ԼСʮӣؽŭȥ˵ӣ֣ȥ칫ҡ
鰡Ц˵һ˵ˣǸҲң
һٸսԱˣٵȣξǴκξ֮ĶԻѾ֪˵ĹϵֻҪξһҪСӴͷŲǲξСӡ
ӣĻˡ
ΰ˰֣⿪װĶȡһռǵǰ߳͸ҵռǣҵĳŶָӵĵúŶָӾҪﵥˣһϣ˭ҵǸǾⱾռǵˡ
еսԱ۾һŶָӾҪʲô˶ܹѧġõⱾռǣŶָӣڻھϳɳ÷ǳ١
һԵξҲһ͸ռǵǸҲʮһλУʵ֮ϣҪǸУǣŶָǣָϼûж֡ԼսԱܹõⱾռǣǾǴ׬ˣܹͨѵһΣҲһ£ҲӦһˡ߽ҪԴɡ
һ˶һˣξ΢΢üͷڵһ㣬ڵһ㣬˵һٸսԱǵڰ˲߾̵ܹ
ο΢΢ʺϻսʵָ߳ÿһˣһٸսԱ治εĶ֡
ͻȻĿһ
꣡
겻Ҳ΢ֻǡ
ξüë΢΢ֻΪ̫ˣҪٸһͺˡˣΰˣνкôˣһ΢֣ҲһѵõĻᡣ˲һеһٸͬŭĹţһʿȵҸǽһ£λΣڵһ㡣
һٸսԱ϶¶˲мĿ⣬ڵһҲôţ˵һٸˣ˾̵ܹ


127 ΢VS΢
΢֣
ξһ仰ڣ˵ɫˡϸգƣģϵĿⲻ˳ꡣ˫Ŀ¶˷֮ɫ
΢
ԴԼ΢֮󣬻ûк΢߽֣֪ʲôΣ
ڵһѾˣ΢ľǲԷ򵽶ܡԷˣԷʵ㣬Ѿ֤΢ңѾˡ
Ҫдһ£һսһȺˣǾ˵ľóǵ
֤񣡡
һٸսԱǺغţȻͰŭܵĿΡ
һд⣬ؽռս˿ڴʱξѾ˵һߣξһξվһ

һٸսԱΧм䡣μɨһսԱ˵׼𣿡
׼裡
һϱҽڵһߣξͳξ˹ȥһͬһһɨ˹ȥһƬı
εɹŵЦݣֻ΢΢һһɨȣȻ̧һʽɽºݺݵǸϱϡ
䡫
Ǹϱֱӱδӿиصˤڵϣֱӱβ˽¡γǸϱСָм˵
ϣ
ϸŭˣһȳȥսԱҲ׷γ˹ȥ
ζˣվűսԱǸΧˣΧˣ΢ҲûչŲĿռ䣬ͷԣˣһ˹ȥ
оһƹƹҵδȺг˳ȥֻôһغϳ̣սԱѾڵʮ
еսԱֱǰ״
ӹһ˿Цһγ˹
ϸĿѣڵһߣͬһڵһسΡ
顫
ϸյؾͱκ˳ȥη·͸ûܵϸյӰһ㣬ͬһֻѸսԱ˹мӲѿһͨɱ˳ȥͣתǰֵʮˡ
սԱסˣ¶һ˿־塣
ˣҲûã
εٴսԱ˹ͬһɴ硣
ಡ
һӰսԱг˳ȥֱΡ
֮ľ˲һ乭仢ӭȥνŲ΢˳乭仢첲ͬһųն˹
ʱûʹþô͵Ѿ뵽΢һʽתұ۵ͬʱһֻ֮ݺݵسεĲӡ
ε۾˲һУ̸оҲﵽ΢ֻǱԼҪһб벽˳תһ˳֧ȡ
ҽ˳εҽ˹ȥͬʱҲ̧εҽ˳ȥ
̫ȭҵŽš
顫顫
εҽŶԽţ˽ײ˶Ĥһڿһշŵȥںշ˲֪Լƾе΢εĶ֡һ΢ͲԷԷܱԼһߣǶԷڵһ㣬ٶȣͳ־Ҫ߳Լ࣬ȥԼֲ֧˼С
ڿк󷭵˲䣬ͽ˫ĿλûأѾͬһɳ۵̹һײ˹
εĿâ˸ϵЦЩӲû뵽ﾹȻܹϼжûбڵϡ
ΧЩսԱʱѾסˣû뵽һ˳ȥһܹιϼУȻʱλˣ·磬ȴûܡ
СʲôʱôǿˣҪ֪ڰ˲ϸնһ̵
˾˫Ŀĳ꽫οԭͬһٶҰбû˫һأбܳһ̫ȭебʽ
͸оԼĺһǿι·Ҫ˺Լļ΢ŲһСͬһתǰϲƳơ
̫ȭͨ
ϵЦݲˣɫأֳ΢ƺȻˣԼԼΪȶԷ̫߳࣬ٶȺԷһʽͨͻԼ
ͨ
ߣҽʹ˫ۣ
۵糸֮䣬νŲһһۣͬһֻһ˳ͨ˫ͬն˳˫磬ȭе˫ն


128 ѹ
ʽõİ취̫ȭеҰסǳ֪ƾԼͷֲԷ˫նԼϺܳԿܹͶԷȡ
˲ڱۣ˳ŶԷһ֣鲽²ơ
̫ȭ롣
һƼٵزεĵٶ˼㡣
úݣ
ΧսԱĿⶼһһҪǲεĵξͷˡ
εһ˿ɱ⣬ҲûεĵУεĹͰˡ
˫ڵߣȭе벽ںƮ˲óһաڵٶȷʵǳܹġ
ղһֱڼСķΧؽ֣ڵĸָѹǳ֮һˣóѹʧ˫ڵţͬһڵһμ˳ȥ
̫ȭϲǡ
һһ׷Ρεһ˿ŭһһߣȻ׷Լߡʱֻ֪ڵڰ˲㣬֪ʵ»Ѫ
ȴȻһȫµĺë׶оһΣڴӳɢ˹
ǵҰڣֻͬɽ壬صɽ壬л˹ǳ̲ľС
̫ȭ˫
֮ǰϲǣ߽ڣʱƻ˼ޣΪԭǧٹǧٹѾԽڵڰ˲㣬εڵһֻһǧٹ
˫۵ļ⼱ٵ䶯ͬһС˳˫ֻȭͷȥ˫ȭͬɽȻҳ
ε˫ܼ̥ͬըʶ˳еѾͻڵļޣҲࡣ˲佫Լʵ˼£˷ǧİٹͨ˫˫ƣȭ˫նһϬն
䡫
˫ȭε˫ײһһǣյ˳ȥҽڵһߣ΢ͬһ֧һس˿еĳ꣬ұۺݺݵſеĳնȥ
ȭն
ͻȻڿвŤͬһߣ֮ȭΟա
εն˫ȭ˾ҵʹ˫ϵƤѾѣѪоٺζϼΣԼĹͷѡ
ʱһαֱֻͬһֻֻǰۣٶϬزϵųն¡
ʱѾ̫ȭȫ֮ȭںζս
θоԼһƾԼγײȴ·ԽԽ
˼
εӹһ˿΢ЦʵһڣһĻ
ǣ̫ˣ
ȻԼʵȫ΢£ﵽ۷壬ٵ׷ųĽŲ˫ȭ˫ܼų˹ȥ
һ֮һ֮
óµѾߵÿӿݣΧۿʿ񫡣
꿴μΪˮʵȴܵ˼ѹ΢ǳΣʵȴ̫Զ۵ٶȻǲһ㡣
˳ܹԷȴΪٶȺϵĲղסԷٶȺѹƣΪ΢ľ糬ԷʱѾˡ
θѹԽԽ󣬳оԼѾ֧ŵٽ㣬ҧ֧š
֧ţٵĶó嶼ʼЩʹ֪ΪԼƤ⣬ǵڼٵ˶ܵѹĸãͬҺԱʽһ㡣
ţüëһԱʽѹѾҩѹҺβѹѰͻƣ
ͬĹ£˸޷ѹѾλǣ˵ǿΪûʹšţ֮ڣ΢ֻһȼ
ţô£
͹״̬еͻȻһ㶣ķһ䣬֮Ҳ֮⡭Ϥ
ԱʽȻԱʽĵһʽһЩɬѵûдﵽڣ
ʱĳѾţγ磬棬ϵĽȴǷʹԱʽеĵһʽ
Աʽԭһ׹ԱʽľٶȺϬȻ˿вΪԱʽҲȻԱʽԱʽЩͬھԵʵǰλѹʵϵظѹ


129 ͻ
ߣȻҪҸѹԱʽѰͻơҪɹˣҵĸ飿Сӣֻôһֵѹ»ͻơҴֽţѣ
εٶȸ죬󣬳ȻܹطֶԷȭŵй켣ʵۣٶȸϡ֪һ̶ԷȭͷṥȴЩȻʱûбλУȴҲʮֵǱ
ҪܵͬʱԱʽеĵһʽθӵǱ
ݣȥΧۿЩսԱӦ˹γ˹ȥ
ʮսԱγ˹ȥͯսֱӿԼط
顫顫顫
ٳһһսԱ˳ȥֻһӵʱ䣬һƬٳֻʣ˳˶սӰ
ʱĳѾоԼڵĽһһһʹĸоУһʹһͬóĶЩΡ
顫
ڱһȭУε˳ȥ
е˶ɫһҪ֪ʱοǴһȭȥ϶ˣֻǲ֪˵ĳ̶Ρ
顫εҽڵһߣαͬһֻӥų˻˹ȥ
һȭϣ겢ûжٲʣڷ廹һˬΪϴǿ͸ķжȥεûˡ
һδ׿ռ䣬ڿһŤĹµ壬˫ڵߣγ˹ȥԱʽĵһʽι˳ȥ
׵Ĺ֮һ˿ɫСǹ
΢߹ңǿһڵôܿסԼȫһ
ãȻ򲻶㣬ҾϵûҾͲһڻж
ʱ˼ҵĶսзɿţһСʱʱת˲ڼֱ˰˴Σÿһαֱ֮ֵͬʱҲΣôҲŪΪʲôһСǿһ㡣
оԼѾ˼ޣҲоԼҲͬʱͻƵٽ㡣ƺһڴͬբͻڷС
顫
һαһ߷˳ȥͬһǻʣڿз
顫
εҽڵһߣοٵߣͬһʽɻڿзĳ˹ȥ
顫
ͻȻһһֱصĴͬբͻһسײ˳˲оԼڳ֪Լھ޴ѹͻƵڣȻһ㣬Ҳǧ˰ٹȻҲٶȵԼͻƵ֮ٶϺεĲѾ
һǧİٹǧ˰ٹֻٹڳȫԺԡ
顫
˫أ̧ͷӿԲӥõΡ
Լڣһеض켣ɼ΢΢һεĹ㣬һʽٻԭȭͷʽеķ϶мٴǿ˿顱ֱ졣
䡫
ε嵹˳ȥȴû֮ǰŶԷ׷ȥڵϼٱȥͬһֻѸε㱼ȥ
εڿзţؿڴҵʹȻһȭûлȴҲʹ̡Ŀڵп˳ڵϷɱ˲ʶǳԼȥ
һ˿âڿоԼƣ滹׵ʱѾڳһƣſƣųһŵ˹ȥ
곷̽εĽƣ̶սȭϲȭƲ
̫ȭƲ
һƣһεڿû㣬ź˳ȥ
ϲƲת֣̤ȭڲȭսתڱۣȭ
̫ȭ
顫
εһη˳ȥ
΢չſзΣʼհԼ֮ڡ
顫顫顫
ͬһƤһڿзţͣرȭţȫ˿ӦĻᡣ
顫
ȸ߸ߵһʽɽݺݵεϣֱӽβ˽¡
䡫
һƬ澹ȻҳһǳӣѾ˹ȥ
ֱ˺ε¿ӣǱռȡ˳ԼĶʱЩսԱѾӵһųų˹ץס˳ĸ첲ȣ˿С
顫
Ҳ֪˭ûڵϵΰ£һŽ˳ȥ


130 Ǳҩ
ξһڣ˹θȻϰ˼£α˹۾ڱһȺսԱӵеĳ꣬ҧҧתͷξʵ˭
꣡
εĿһ̶͸һս⣬űӵеĳ꺰꣡
һշȵվ˵ϣ˹ȥ
ͻƣһ㣡εаս⡣
ҵ㣡국˵ûлңԺͲлᡣ
һģᶨ˵
ξһ΢΢ףεʧԼСʵ˺ܶࡣսԱһֵɢ
սԱЦ뿪صԼֿʼճйɵϣ׼뵽ԱʽȴԺŴ
Ժţͯսվ档꼱æ˽ͯսɴȡƿҩϵƿǱҩ
Ǳҩ䶼۾
Ǳҩɲһҩһ֮ǰʳһƿǱҩٶȻֱӷһڸոշʳǰһʱЧԣʱܹﵽ屶ǵ֮ЧͻʧһߵȵԼͻ֮ٷǱҩȴܹЧʮꡣԣ󲿷ֵ߶ὫǱҩͻ֮á
ǱҩʮְҪһ֡һҲδܹ׬һ֡
ͯսʱȴһóƿƿǸ׼ġ굱ͯսܰʽͯսڻرͬΪѱܰʽҲ䣬ͯսҲûа¡һܹͯսıԲ򵥣Ҳܹͯսԡ
꣬䣡ͯս˵ǱҩЧڷõı׶ҲҾͲ˵ʲôˣǷڷþͿԼ˼ˡ
ܹ󣡡ѵһĭ
ǾͲҪˣѾˡͯս˵׼̷áҲ뱻ս̭ҼոʼĹġ
Ҳ뱻̭һץסһƿǱҩȸʮµİʮ㡣
ͯսЦ˵ֵνѾӦ˼
ʲôʵǽеҩ˻ȥ
ƾԼʵ֣ڻϣӼĻš
ͬʱֳ֡
ͯսνЦһŮˣ˭һϻ־Ͳٻˡʵû£ҵĻҲɣֻһҵѣ㲻ؽ黳ϣܹսӡ
ɫԥһ£ջƿǱҩͯսȸʮ֣Щһҵļٸʮ֣ʣʮһڻ塣
ͯս˵ͷĿ˳ꡣ˼ڵʯҲǱҩҩֻҩˮƽͣƲǱҩľһͻ֮һܹƳ
ˣҪǵľڷãǵȵԼͻ֮á
˲˾ҪŵԼͻƵ֮ƾԼʵǲ÷ʳǱҩҲᱻ̭
Ҳܹܾͯս꣬Ѻ֮䲻ܹܾԷĺ⡣ǳҲǳɴƿǱҩ֣ص˵ͯսһͻ֮ٷá֮һὫһֻ㡣У㲻ܹһ֣ǧҪҺ취㳥ϾҲһӵ£ܹһԿ
ͯսصͷϣܹջȨһϣҲǿ
ãǺֵܣͯսļҲشͯս
ڽʮڣֱʮֳĿˣܹʮʱ䣬ʮսӶԱ̭ˣֻʣʮ˸սԱ
ʮʱҲûзЩڰ˲ϱʵҲҪͻƵڿɲͻƵô򵥣һؿڡںڴµȱѾеȱˡ
֮ǰ׶εĻںھǳڣھͲڣؿڲùкܶһؿڡ
ʣµʮ˸ʿУͻƵȴǷǱҩͯս䣬ʵ뵽ǵڶ㡣


131 
Ǳҩиص㣬ԽЧԽԣóҪȺЧԣδһʱڣͯսʵһʽٶⲻó̾һƴԴ磬ֻҪǮбܻͨӵ޷ơ
ο̭ʮʿ֮еʿо˾޴ѹƴ
̭ʮʿĵڶ쳿ѵ֮ʱξ˫վڶеǰȵսѾ̭ʮˣǶ֪⻹Ҫ̭ʮ˸ˣֻܹʮˡԣȴǵǸӼѵӪصӪʿرգȫռУʹãҾʹȥ
սԱ˷һôγɵռ䣬ܵѹ
ѹǸѵô򵥡ѵֻܹĳһλ㱳ɳѵѵĲλļ米ܵѵĲλ١
ͬһôγɵռ䣬һȫλڸ඼ѹߵѵżĸá
ҪȥѵһСʱҪʮֵģʮֿƲֻ࣬һСʱҪͣһǾԲһͨµȱܹ֧ġȻһЩбĸ罱˳⡣
ʮ˸ʿ˷ܵظξʱѾˣδֻṩսʹáӪڵʿû˿ԹԣΪǶ֪ʮ˽Ҫμ˴ȡ
뵽ʮÿķϿһ֡
屶һһֱ屶
屶Ǳͨѹ屶屶Ǳƽʱ屶
Լ䣬оʣͽ
䣬ξ˳꣬ͯսô屶ʼǿսᱻѹƸġ
ǣ٣ʵʵػش
ǵȵʼʱ򣬳ȴͯսֱ˶屶
ɫһ㶣̶ףıһ֮ǰͽԼǵһΡ
ξҲ΢΢һüͷ˲Ҳеԭ򣬱û˵ʲôǽĿ˳꣬ҪʵǿĳǲҲбˣ
굹ʵʵվ屶ķǰʱվǰֻгһˣ߶ѡ˱ʵǿϸֱѡ屶
һ
ҡҡͷƿ˷˽ȥһǴ󰡣ٶƽףһվԵ÷ܿտ
ߵ˷м䣬΢΢üͷûиоʲôѹüͷ룬ڷԱʽȻǷŵһʽ
ֻӣͣȷʵûиѹҩҺѹ
ȥһԣǰƿ˳ȥ
ξһֱһʾǰÿڵĻ棬ĸڳ⣬Ҳʱȥ˾ȳǣûȥעǸ䣬屶ѹӦòԳʲôӰ졣óȥ屶ҲֻһӦĹϵ
ԣŴ򿪵ͷ˳û˿ľȣЦŶԳ˵Ӧˣ
ţͷ
Ǿȥһ԰ɣ
ã
һȥƿɿһˡŹϣ˷м䣬Աʽĵһʽһͣʵһ̣û˵ʱ͸оԼʲôѹ
Ȼֻ֮΢оһѹ𲻵á
ƿ˷ţһ˳ȥξҲûʲô⣬ͷûأ۾ɶʾϡ
һ屶ڣûˣ뵽佫ŹϣһԱʽԺٴ뿪һ屶䣬վǰ
ֽƿ۾һսԱ߲ʵ
սڳ˳꣬ͯս֮⣬ʵ͵Ҳڵ߲㡣ĶѾ̭ˡ
ʱսԱھ۾طԱʽûĳꡣҲһ˵ĵطʼԱʽĵһʽ
֮ͣվЩ֪ΪʲôԼоѹǲսӶԱͻȻһ


132 ۾ֱ
ͯսҲֻڵڶ㣬Ҳڶ屶ʵҲǰսԱȴܹȥ屶ʲôԭ
ѵÿʲͬ
˼ţͯսбˣСʱǵļһҩｫǵĻʮּʵǵѾˡǵʵԵԽԽԡ
ǲܹͨ˸ܹѹǣأ
ʲô
һѵΪҴһʼڵĹּ򻯵Ĺһֱʹõڵҩּ򻯵ҩ
ҪҴһʼһʱˣҵǱܱھúܳףʱĸӵĳףԶԶسͨߣ
ԣ
һҵٶԶͨ߾ܹҵơ
֪ҵļ޻Ƕ٣
˷߳˶˶屶ǰξǿ˳һۣ뵽Ȼͯս䶼ܹ뵽屶ҲӦû⣬û
Ҫƿţȴű˴ˣһȴͯսһ㶣ſʵˣ
ʱξĿҲ˹ͯսҡҡͷ˵ȥԣѾʺˡ
ͯսıӰ겻޵һĻð
ǱߵξҲ¶һ˿⣬û˵ʲôֻǽĿĻϣԷͯս⡣
뵽屶սԱͺܶˣҲ棬ʱڷԱʽĵʽ
Ѱһ˵ĵطҲʼԱʽĵһʽľ͵ģʱҶھ۾Ҳûȥע
ǣֻ֮󣬳һͣɸо屶ڵѹ

³һ֮󣬳Ȼת뿪˶屶ȥξųıӰɫЩԥûпڣǸӵعעڵ
ƿ߽˷ʮͯսеһԱ˽ͯսĿ΢Щ⣬˲ּеľԱʽĵʽ
Ѱһû˵ĵطҲʼоԱʽĵһʽ֮󣬳ЩһͣȷʵһӰ죬ȴо˵θѹҪܶࡣ
ĵش˳屶ȥξȻų꣬ղŴʾҲ˳ɵ̬֤ȴû⡣
ǡֻһڰǸոͻƵڣûдﵽڵһ㡣
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
뵽屶ڣֻˣֱϸգơ
죬ֵתͷſȥǲ֪սл˭ܹ뵽屶УѹҪ֪ҲЩֻҪͻڡͱԼ޵ѹ
ôܣ
ô
ʱ򣬴Ҷڳľ綼ǳ˽⣬ֻǸոͻƵڣôܽ뵽
ų˵ͷЦЦߵһ߿ʼԱʽĵһʽ
ϸգƸɴͣһŹֵųꡣ
ȴûǣʱ屶Ӱ졣ȷʵоصѹоƺûдﵽļޡ֮òͣ
ϸգƵɫӵعŹ֣Ǵӳ̬ܹ겢̫ͣϸղԻʵ꣬ѹ
ţͷ
ô𣿡
΢üͷ˼״˵ҲҴһʼһһ߸ĶҸĹҵǱھʵĴܸߵԭɡ
ϸգ΢˼ǵͷͬʱĿ͸¶𾴡밡ԼʽܰʽԱʽʱֻ֪չ֪ȴ
˵ǸҲûǸ
ٿ˼ң󣬹ؼ˼ǿǰѹɹˡ˱˵ֲֻԸոͻڵľʹڵһΣȻҲȺ屶ѹҲ
ǡҪȥıԣϸʵ
ţȥͲŸλˡ
屶ڳξ۾еֱˡ
ʲô˼


133 취
ʲô˼
屶ѹӲ
ؿų߽ıһıо˳صѹ˷Լѹ˹оһϲվм俪ʼԱʽĵһʽ
֮󣬳һͣѾܹоصѹǻûдﵽļޣЧһЩ룬վȥĵ屶
ı˳ĵ屶ȥξ۾ֱֱؿųıӰ뵽ĵ屶֮󣬱㼱æĿʾϣضĵ屶ڵĳꡣ
һ̾͸оɽһѹ̧һֻŶ÷Ѻܴ
ǿߵм䣬Աʽĵһʽֻһ飬̫ͣˣӦˡǿĻܹʵøˡ
ҡͷ̾Ϣһ߻ǰֽƿ߳ĵ屶оϵѹʧ˶㳤һ
ξһֱڹעų꣬ĵ屶ڵıͨʾʱܲĵ屶ѹ˳֪سһ
ʱԼ֪ղʲô飬ʲô顣ĵ屶ڻܹξоԼЩܲˡ
һ̫ˣ
ĸʵʵػصı˰ɣ
ǽȴվĵ屶ı﷢ɵ
ʱĳȷʵЩɵĵ屶ڸоѹ̫󣬵ıָоѹʮֻʮѵãܹôﵽԼļޣôԼͻƵٶȾԻһͬʳǱҩһ㡣
ԼٶһҪ˿죬һԼĹڣڶԼĻ˺ʵΪԼʵǶͣһ㣬Ҫ֪ΪԽͣԽ죬ΪԽߵҪȴǧѡ壬ԼԶԶʹõҩƷʵҩ

ҩ
ԣһҩ
ıҩҺӦôﵽҵļްɣٶȱһɣ
Ⱦܡξһ㶣ųı󺰵꣡
ͷҲصغϻ
ȥʲô
ʵȥӣĸְӾڣصԼһóӵӣǱ¶Լܣ
ȻȥᣬξҲȥȴûÿ䶼ȥԣֻҪȡӣҲû˻ỳɡϾҰʱҲû໥עһ㣬ÿ˵һӣÿʿҩҺ
һ·ɱԼᣬ뵽̴֮ڰѸְȡ˳־ֳᣬ˹ȥ
ǧ˰ٹһǻǲֻܿص
ξһŴӽ۾һ˲˳˼вɰֲܹôû뵽ҩҺ
ŴӾͽı˳ûбˣ꽫ӷм䣬ȴûˮͷַƿ˷ţȴξѾһˮߵǰ
ԭξ˳ͼ֮󣬾ȥˮˣ֪ûˮͷ
лл٣ꡰžһ
ξˮܵݸ˳꣬ļúҿ㣡
ǣ٣
ξӹˮܣ˴ͷʼעˮ
һ֮󣬴ע˭꽫ˮյ⣬ȻķŹϣʱξѾصʾĸǰȥ۲ʿ״
վڴӵԱѰ˼һջǾһƿҩҺϾѾıѩҲһҩ֮ǰƿҩܲˡ
ȡһƿҩˮУȻһԵҩˮУһҵʱ䣬꽫·ȥֻһǿϣҺ֮УȻ㿪ʼҺԱʽеĵһʽ
ıڵҩóоǰδеѹ
ڵĽһһԽԽóһֱĸоʹǷ˵ʹ꼫仺Աʽĵһʽÿһһ磬ҵʹ


134 ͻͽ
оıڵҩƺЩԼĳǴʱȴȥȻĳԱʽһʽȫɣƷһľȴʱ̱ѣƷһľѾﵽӵľ硣
þ۲Լڸٵ״ȻЩΣȴûе˵ĳ̶ȡ
֮£ȻǲʷֻнҧԱʽĵһʽڣһʽһ飬̸оԼĽһ˿ǿȣһˡ
ԭͻƵ֮ÿ˫ҩ£о⼸ӦܹͻƵһ㣬ֻıڵҩҺһԱʽһʽ͸оڵͬһСһؼζоͻƵһѾԶ
һӵǿǿžʹڶ鿪ʼԱʽ
һһ飬һСʱҺеҩҪһյʱ򣬳оԼеĽһ·ָһңһö
ʹһʧˣһִδйˬ
ͻˣͻƵһ㡣ﵽǧһٹֻٹһգı
Σ˵ûٻҵĻᣬֻᱻ˦ԽԽԶ
ӳ˳Ҳûд·ֻǴǿýķŴ򿪣Ȼˮܽӵ˳ӵˮڣҪЩˮųȥٻһˮ
ˮ֮󣬳ֽ뵽ʼ̫ȭȻϥ˵ϣ·ȡǱεռؿ
֪ҪڶҩҺʲôҲҪĸСʱʱڣţţԼҲŷǳҪ
Ҳûɣʱ濴ⱾռǣѧϰһŶָӡ
һ˽ȥһֱȵÿڵڴξԷ
ӵվռǷŵ˵ϣ滹˼ռݣҲ˴·Ϳ˳ȥ
˿ֻǴһǿ˳˲䱬ôЦ꿴˶ЦŷԼԭֻһǿ㡣
꣬𣿡ϸմЦ˵
ҪڣȴξЦ˵ĴӰˡ
ӣһûзӦ
ҩҺξ˵
һˣ̶ʼĬĬسԷͶˣҲûй˵ֻʳ
Сʱҵʱ䣬½½شҳ˷Щʿһ뿪Щ˶ǻȥȥˡ꣬صֿʼоǱռǡ
ȻûһһʿŴӷξ΢ЦſһУԺųꡣ
껹һֲţȻְܹ취˴˳ֵ꣬ڴ
ʮ˸ʿӽͳס˯Ҳڣʵһѵķʽ
ÿԱʽһ
ıڼڵҩڵԱʽؼʵԻٶţڶݶӪص߸µĵڶʮ죬ͻƵڶ㣬ﵽǧİٹѾ֮ǰƽ൱һڵһеȱʵ
ʵѾܹȷսӣȴ㡣Ŀ겻սӣδ˴ȡúóɼ
кܶţҲвٵ˻δػгҲһһЩʵǿ߳˴С
ҾûһЩһţǵĳɳٶȺʵѷˡ
ⶼǳ꽫ҪԵĶ֣겻ҸԼһ˿һķɡÿԱʽһ֮⣬Ҫ似ʣʱͿǱսռǡ
ڽ뵽ڶӪصĵĵµĵһ죬ͻƵڵ㣬ﵽʮ
˳뵽ڶݶӵĵھŸµĵڶʮ죬ͻڵڰ˲㣬ﵽǧٹ
Ѿǵڰ˲ǧ˰ٹֻһЩڵľ磬ʵȴﵽ˽۷֮ĲΡ
ʱ򣬾˴Ȼ¡Щìܣ֪ԼһֱͻƵڣ뿪
ͻƵڣԼʧȥ˲μ˴ȵʸΪǸʱ򣬳ѾµȱˣһеȱҪμеȱ˴ҲܣһԱڻ϶Ѿһʵȥμеȱ˴ȣԼЩ


135 ǹе
²˾ģЩƵ뿪ξ
˽ŲŸüͷ˹ЦʵǵĴôˣѵ⣿
ҡͷξһ㶵üͷʲô
٣ѾͻƵڵڰ˲ˡ
ʲôξȻߣͻƵڰ˲ˣ
ͷڲ֪ǼѰͻƣǵŲμ˴֮Ѱͻƣ
ξ³һ´ų꣬аСӻһҴûмͻôġ
ƽضԳ˵꣬Ҹһ顣
ţҲؿξ
˴Ƚ֮ǰҪٿˣһΪ˴ȡһͻƵڣͽʧȥμ˴ȵʸ񡣵ǣһҪģͻƵ̫ˡ
ɫһ㶵ʲô𣿡
Укܴ⡣ξ˵ͻƵ̫죬ͻɻΡҪúôĥһ㽫ڵĻʵ֮ȥѰͻƣǸʱᷢͻƵٶȻܿ죬ƿҲɶ
ֻ΢˼һ£صصͷãٵģ
ξȵĳǵļ񲻽㣬ϸռҲ뿪ˣǼѾﵽ۷ˣܾܿͻͻƵڡǺͺ㲻ͬѾĥ˺ܾã˵ʱͻƶǵû˿ĻǶѹסԼҪμ˴֮ѰͻơҴӦǣͬʱҲӦǣȵ˴֮Ѹʹð꣬ͻơ
ξξ³һе꣬ӵʱ仹̣һֱѵ֮УһЩûкҵľ˺ͳͻԣľҪЩϱһЩǻ˴гɼܲã˵޺ŷޣǷ޶к֮ƣҪ֪ǻǵĸ¹֮һĳɼǻºΡԣЩϱԸŻԼͻƵĽŲҲҪδΪǻȡһóɼ
ˣֱͦţ˫ͷųϬĹâ
ȥԼѵɣһȻ͸̭ʮˡ
ǣ
ꡰžشһȻתصڵˮŸɾȻŴ뿪սӵӪȥ
һӪأϸռڲٳѵʿ˳꣬һϸ˳ǰɻʵ꣬ôˣ
ͻƵڰ˲ˡ
ʲôϸһȫȻһŵģ
ţͷ
Ƕһȭ
䣬Ҳػ۷һȭųͺ˹ȥ־Ŵӣֶϸյȭͷ˹ȥ
ϸյж٣ǧŰٹ
ж٣ǧٹ
ȭͷ˲ײһ顱һ죬ϸյ͵˳ȥ⻹ǳѹԼϸյĸ첲Ƕ˲ɡ
ϸڿзͷ䵽˵֮ź˼žȵų꣬ļϱҲȵųꡣǾŴԼȥ
ϱųıӰ˰ǰԼ˵Χлֻܹܡһ˾ܹԼЩϱȫ̵ɣ
֮
ʮ˸ʿڲٳϣξǰʮ˸ʿ˵Ϳʼ̭ǰ̭ͨʮˣҪ˵ǹеɼľͲòμӺıˣֱ̭
ʮ˸ʿɫһʵÿʿǹеǳϤҲΪҶǹеǳϤŽšΪұϾûбȹ֪˭ǿ˭
ȥг
䣬ξŰгȥҶظ˺档
˰гξķԸʮ˸ųһţÿһλоÿֻʮ׵ľ롣
һ֪οӦǹͨǹʮ׾Ѿﵽ˼ޣʹõĲͨǹǹΧ֮ڡ
ܿһʿ˽ÿ˵ǰϷһӣȻѸٵȥ
Ӫһ𣺡ο˵ǹÿֻܹʮǵԱһܼʱһǹʼʱԶʱʱǵľȷȺʮӵܹʱ䶼Ϊ˵ĳɼڣǰĺӴ򿪡


136 ҩ
ʮ˸˽ǰĺӴ򿪣һǹ
Щŵǰİϡξٴ
̰гһƬҲ˰ϣȻ󽫺ӷŵһߣʱѾο˵ݣֲûҪʱԭβǹҪǹ
ÿʿǰһ鶼Щϱǹİ͸İˣĿЩĵͯսȥҲһƽвɰԼӪӦİɣ
Ԥ
ξʮ˸ʿԼ״̬۷塣
ž
һǹ죬ʮʿͬʱȻûоţȴҲԼˮƽȫչ˳һз·һ㣬оԼֽˡ
ξԭԳΪģͯսĵб֮ˣ֮ǰ¾ѾʮϤǹеֻ걳ʮּ򵥣ǹе
ǣ۾˲ɵϴ⡭ǳ
ǹٶȱԼ죿

Լͺͳ겻һϣͳ̫Զ
롣
ԭžгܼǹ
žžž
ʮ߸ʿԭ־㶼һͣͷ̧ؼǹͬʱһͷ˭ǹô죿ҳǹƵ˿٣
ǹĬĬվʿȥвɸ̾ЩǹˮƽĺԼһˮƽϰ
ӵ˾ȻҪͨǿ̫ࡣ
ˣ
ҽһʱڲܹȥԱʽҾͰʱ䶼ϣȡ˴֮ǰƷ
ܼǹ˼˹ʮ߸ʿҲܿϡ
ɼͳƺܿһӺϳ˳
һꡣǹ룬һ룬ʮ
ڶ
е˶ų꣬ξͼξξҲ⡣ξĿų꣬а˼СϴγҾͱȲǹеҲĶ֡ҲǿǣСͻƵٶȣҲò˶þ׷ҡ˴ϣˡ
ļǹеˣο֮ˢȥʮ˸ˣսֻʣʮˡ
ָѵһܺսӿʼѡΡ
ѡνһΣ̭ʮˣʮˡһεĿ˷ǳ򵥣ǩսѡʮˣȻЩ̭ʮ˻ᣬʮеκһ˷սսɹȡԷΪμ˴ȵսԱ
ıҺսʿѾˡֻҪһ뵱ԲһʵͻһΣѾ˲㣬Ҳʧȥ֮ġ
Щ鵽ʿɴͷ˱սԣ˹УΪһеˡ
ʱȥעͯսıǱҩ˫УҲΪΪϵͣ÷ǳ֮졣Ǳȳ껹ǲһЩԴﵽ߲㡣
ҲƴʹóԼĵƣ֣ܶմʮǿ
ǣ˵ڶսʱ򣬾Ȼûʮѡʿս֪˵һֵı֮󣬾˫ûֵ֣Ҳ˱˴˵ʵÿﶼǷսҲȡʤʮѾЩǿˡ
սʳھ۲һ֮ʮ˸ʿ뿪սӪأÿ˶ʮףʮҲʹصͷ
һ֮ǽٴǰǰߣľʮսԱϡʮûһ˿ˣһܺľʮʿɶǸľӢǲ뵽ʱˡ
ÿĶǾʱ似˵죬ξͻȻټʮڲٳϼϡʮĪ˲ٳϣȴվ˲ٳϣǵǰԷһЩӡ
֮ԳܹϳˣΪеһ˲һδ򽻵ˣܹϳǵķװ
һҩģһ겻֪
ξǰʮʿ˵ȥμ˴ȣǴǵԣҩװǰ͸һЩҩһװ
ʮʿ۾һǳҲˡ
ҩװһ˿ӣرǸҩΪ֮ĿʮɨҲǸˣԷһξϴξùټѹˣҩɸξǰΪ˷ùټѹ˰ɣ


137 
뵽ͻȻһ˵ѵҩҪԼʲôжǴԼĿģ
ĿⲻֳװȥȻװйְҲξó겻Сġ
ǣǸҩξȴûʲôԳľٶֻǼ򵥵˵һЩĻǹһ߸ϵ̬˿ʮֵز
˱˶Էֻ˷ܵؿԼһЩҩЩҩҩлָҩҩرǻָҩҩƷܸߣǳ֮ǰЩͼƷԳĿǰҩˮƽƲ
óǳˣЩҩСطŽ˱档
Ǹװξ򵥵˵˼仰һĸ߸ϵ̬߸ϵǲںںǵһ׼
װ֮󣬳겻͵͵ƲƲ졣װܹһ£һ֪Ҫǿ͸Լķ²˺ܶࡣ
ڶһֱХ͸Լ˺ܶࡣ
һذףûУЩϲ
Щպ֮󣬴Ҿ͵ŽɢξҲ׼ɢȴҩǸξĿ˳ϣ˵ѣǳɣ
ǣа鷳ˡ
һԵҲ΢΢üͷһ˿ҩһξҪԳЩʲôԼ涥ס
꣬ǺǡҩξͻȻЦЦдһ˿ưĶ˵ˣ׹˵㲻ǸƤҩҩһʽͱܰʽҸղҴξ˽⵽Ѿ˲ˣ
ûֻ΢Цͷ
Ǻǡ˲𰡣ξƤЦⲻЦ̾ʮ˲ߣһҩ츳͸츳ǺǡǲǺܽ
üͷøϸյȾŸսӵɫҲˣʱǶ֪ҩξҳ鷳ģһɫɽԳ굣ϾҩЩʿǸ߸ϵĲš
ûʲôģҾһͨ顣΢Ц˵ɫӣ·ľΪ
ҩξϵЦݸʤǺǡ㻹֪ȻƤҩҩҩǶƷһҩڷǳͶ˵ҩҩǸˣǲԸֵͶҩ滨ѸľˡͬǣʽͱܰʽҲйģоҲǸͬǲԸΪĹ˷Ѿˡ
ɫû䣬ȴ͸¶һ˿⡣Ͷ˵ҩĹҪ˵ξ˵ҲûдǲԸ˷Ѿ𣿻Ǹ͸
ڶʮ˲ҩо˲űȱȽǡ
ȱȽǣ갵ҩҩоһ߱ҪȽһЩ豸кܶʮ˲Ҳ⡣ΪʲôЩûбѡΪμ˴ȵԱһЩһ䣬廨ͷֻΪûսʵһȺӻʲôҫġ
뵽һ˿Ū鷳ջûһƽվ
ͶҩĹݣǸԣϸյţ϶ֳ˲֮ɫ
ҩξûл죬ֳһ˿⣬ư˵ҩ˶æûԸʱ˷ڸͶҩϡôҲһҩоҩרŴҩԸһĴϵȱĸôͬ⣬̾Ϳսӣǻȥ
Ŷˣҩξ˵ǰߵһξͨϵҩξĴԼĴ½ϵȱĳ̶ȡ
ɫһΪ˼ҩԼĴ
һɫҩξɫӵưǸξ̫ҪˣֻǸҩҪҩΪʲôҩˣҩξ̫ˣνҲ̫ˣʹ̬ҲΪѵشӦҩ֮󣬾͹쵼úøЩͶ˵ҩҩԱûǸʱ;ȴЩ
βǳüͷϸյȾŸҲüͷ
꣬˵˵ԲԣЩҩԭһЩͶҩҩôܽʱ;ͶǰɣҩξЦ˵ֻҪǽҩܹŬһЩЩͶҩȡһЩɹҩߴġ


138 
ʱ⡣
ʲô˼
ͶҩԼȥҩڸԼ⾿ԼģԼģǸʲôѾҩξ
ʵҩҩԱԼҩġǸҩξָиŵ˵ϾֻҩԱרҵʿҩЧҲãЩҰ·ӳҩ˵ʲôǣ˭ҩЩרҵʿԸʱ;ֵͶ˵ҩϣ꣬㻹Ǹ߰ɣȻڽ뵽ҩλߣȴҪЩ࣬˵ЩξΣУΣҩײʿǰҲÿͿģ
ξ٣У٣ҩξȻһЦٽҩǰҲʵʵ𾴾ġ
ܲмʵҩҲȷʵһֱ
ҩһĲţΪṩŸƷҩҲͨҩƿ˺ܶٽߣѾΪһɲɺӵ
ǣⲻζų͵˵ҩǳԸȥĵطԸȥǸξڳһ߸ϣʩһ̬ҲȻȥҳҲЩ巳ˣǱ΢Ц˵٣
ţҩξ¶һ˿Цݣһ֣һưѾ˽ҩ
ǸţҩŲ١֮ǰûȥоƤҩҩΪЩҩѾﵽ˼ޣҲȷʵǻҩû̫ļֵⷽ˷̫ʱ䣬Ǯ;ֵá
ǣƤҩҩ֮ȴһ̶ϵ𾪡ҲǺܴ󣬱ϾƤҩֻһƷҩǻòܹٻҩȻܹıߵһЩƣҲֻƤڡ˵ʵֵ󡣷Ҳֻǧ֡
ҩʮسĻǸʱ껹ûʽ飬ҩһֽ͵ʵʵǰҩ
ǽأ
ҩֻһ³겻ҩγ뿪һϿԿֻǸƤҩĳ겢ûеõҩ㹻ӡ
ȵ꽫ҩҩĸҩ֮ҩڶԳЩǣҲЩӣϾҩҲǶƷҩͬڻҩ
ǲôǿ˳츳ŽҩóרоҩҲãҩרҵʿûԸʱ;˷ڻҩϡ
û뵽һξܾǣҾܾ÷ǳףҩ˷ŭˣΪ˺󷽵һЦ
ҩ߲һԱʼоҩһȸҩ֮ǰҩҲоҩûʲôֵҲûоʲôɹͷˡ
ٴγ˻ҩţǰоٴε˳˵˽һʱ䣬ǻǸҩҩ˶֪ǵĸֻܹ˵һƷƷ㲻ϡΪӳƤҩҩߵĳ̶ϱȽϣǸЧ̫ˡ
ҲһɹֻҪЩרҵʿȥУоҩһģֻʱ⡣
ԣҩ˾ʰġѡҩǾͰнʰѡ񲻽ҩξĿľҪŭ꣬óʧ̬Ȼֽѵ֪꣬ҩ˭ܹǵģҲſҩǸνǰξŭġ
ֵúòûκʧ̬΢Ц˵ղ˵ҩѾҩ
Ȼҩξ˵
Ŷ΢Ц˵ԭŰѸոոҩ۸ҩȻѾ˳Ǿˡ
΢΢üͷ˼һµҺͼѣҵǿؼҵХϻ￪ҩ̣רųҸҩԺ󻹿ԳҸҩҩȡ
ҩξɫһ㶣ְҩˣҪ˺ϻ￪ҩ̣Ҫ֪ƤҩҩڻҩҩȻҲڻҩȴʮֽӽƷҩˡһٸҩǾͲڻҩˡ
УʮֵòȷʵֻһССʿҩҲȷʵٽһµߣнϽأ
ҩξɫЩѿҲ͸¶һ˿˿Ŀ˼ʮԣƾҲܹΪнϽ󽫣ô˵Ϊ˧ߣ


139 
Ұеĳƫƫôţ۹еŷڸһΪһ󽫼ߡ
ҩξЦˣЦˡ˵꣬ҷȰһ䣬ҪøԶ֪һҪΪһټҪʲô𣿲֪ɣ㡣
ҩξų꣬ϵĲмͱӵŨ񣺡ҪΪһټߣ츳ǲģҪԴҩһû˿ˣҪΪһ٣
Ŷˣ㻹һҩʦһҩʦ
ҪԴΨһһ취ȥȥսɱ׬ȡ֡ǣ̫ˣڻûгΪ֮ǰĿС
ԣ㻹ǼҩɣʵʵҩβˣһЩԴõսϡ
Դ˵ҩ֮ҩξ͸ı֮ǰĳԡŪҩڵ뷨ڽҩ̿ȻһЦҺؼҵļ룬ƺҲδûпܡԣ㲻ܹŪҩҲҪеҩŪ֡ڳ꣬Ժһʰˡ
һͲˣҩ¶ҪѳŪҩֻҪҩǻҪԲ͵ԲҪ⣬͵ñ⣿
΢΢ҡͷҲҩġ
ҩξüͷҿĴξô
΢ЦҡͷĿȴʮֵؼᶨ
һԵϸյȾŸһ㵵ų꣬ʮֲ׳ΪʲôҪܾĺ¡Ȼǰξ̬ȶһЩһЩҩͨҩĸˣ
ҩ֮Ҳû˻òˬ
ǶôõĻᰡ
һξȴһƬ֪ͣѡսĿģΪҪΪǿߡųȻ΢ЦȴǼᶨĿ⣬˼СӵĿ²ǽô򵥰ɣҲδܹΪһ˧ߡ񻪹񡭡
æҡҡͷΪ뷨˦˳ȥаôܣҷ𣿡
ҩξ˵ͷɫЩѿ˵Ҳǿ㣬ҩҩҩˡ
국Ц˵ҩѾҩҰ·ӳ˸ķ˰ɡ
ҩξðŭ𣬵ǳһֱǳòҲκʰĽڣǿһתͷξܹҺͳ굥̸̸𣿡
˵ͷ
κδųҩξԼİ칫ȥ뵽칫ңһƨɾԼλϣһֽװ￴šҩξɫһͣû뿪˼Ҳֻõڣһ£ȻԳ˵
ǣ٣
깧ؾһűֱ˶ԷĶ档ͷϸֳһ˿Ц⣬ĵСӹƻ̬öԷһë
꣬ϴҩҩһְɣҩ֣ô
΢Цţпٵ˼ţƤҩǧ֣ҩһһ֡ҩļ۸ԭҲûʲô浱Һһٱͣһһʲôξҩƾʲôǣ뵽΢Цҡͷ٣ҩѾҩҾͲ׬ˡҩӾͲˡ
ҩξɫһͣʮѿ˵ǸҩֻһƷƷҲ˵ڰ
ҩҩһĺңҴʲôЭ飬鷳ˡ
ҩһֱųȻĵλΪҩҩűҩõҩ֣ǻҩҩĵλҲһ
Բܹ
뵽һɫ˻֣ܹٶˡ
ȴûлشļ۸񣬶Ƿʵ٣ҩѾ˸ҩֺαٹҵķӣ
ҩξò׻ɫѿĬһʮ֣˵ųļ۸񣬳Ӧ֪ƾҩҪķӲѣžı
ԥûԥʮԼ̫СҩȻǲʤģľõĽ


140 
ںǿХ궼췽ҹ̷˵ǿХԼûȤҩ϶ϰ֪ʲôʱܹ׬Ǯȱ̵ְͷã
һ¡
ҩξȡ˵绰˳ȥһַڶԳ˵꣬һ˻
ã
ȡֻ½ȻԼ룬Լ˻ʮ֣ʮֻ֣Ҫһֽͱʣ৵дֻǲһӵʱ䣬㽫дֽ꣬ݸҩξ
ǸҩξĿѸٵһ鷽ӣ˵ͷ꣬Ĳҩ
΢Цҡͷҩξһ£ȡһƬݸ˳ҵƬԺٸҩңһһļ۸񡣡
ллӹƬ
ξ˵ͷȻת뿪˰칫ң·ϣ̲ס̾ϢһʱԳĿȫıˣǰһֱǳòȫԼ»˵Ǹҩķ֮̾Ͷ϶Ҫҩ֮ǰоǸǿٱ
СǸ˲ŰΪʲôͲԸҩأ
һϴ̬ʮֶӣһȥѣͳΪˣòһӣƢ˵
һȥʰѵļһߣ
ξ칫˳ϸյ˺һΧ˹ϸզզʵ꣬ΪʲôȥҩǶõĻᰡ
궨ϸգôϢ˵ΪҪΪǿߣսǿõĳɳ֮ء
뿪ˣ˱Ÿ˼ʿ
ڶ졣
˶ʰҪ뿪ǰǰߺľʮӢ߻ϣļѵ
һܷɻڵڶݶӪأӰӷɻһξһξ
˴ӷɻֱսӪأܿ죬һͨѶԱ˳꣬ξȥ
ʲô𣿡ͣеĻתͷʵ
ͨѶԱЦ֪о㣬һξһξ
һ£ЩȻһԼҩѾооΪԼȻܹҩҲһԱʽˡ¾ҪԼеԱʽ
˵ԽԱʽһµU棬Ȼر˵ԣŸͨѶԱǰξİ칫ҡ
һ뵽ξİ칫ңûеȵ꾴񣬾ͼξЦ˵꣬λоģ¡
泤٣걨ֱվоξξǰ
Ǹξ´һ³꣬ڳѾǳ˽ˣϴоͳĳͻѾꡣⲻζǲҪĸǰĳ꣬ξЩźЩޣΪʲôԸھӣԸоأ
Ҫһ㵭˵꣬ûо
泤٣Ҫǰߡ
ξӹһ˿Ц֮ɫ꣬ѾԱʽ˰ɣ
Ĭ
ξų꣬һ˿Ȼ꣬о˷ʲôĳͻǱϾǻˡԣϣܹԱʽо
껹ڳĬξһ˿ŭ⡣Ҳûа취ǲԼԱʽҲûа취ǿ԰еŭ⣬˵ȻоҪԱʽʮ֡ϣҲҪ̫̰ŵڵͻʽֽᷭһʮ֡
ûֱȡU̵ݸ˶ԷԷҲûм飬ų겻ƭǡֱӴ绰оʮִ˳˺ţȻһкɾ뿪
ųͷʾ뿪㷵Լʰ
ڶ졣
ξԴǵ˷ɻǰ߷ȥ
ǰߣǵҲ˹ʵǵռطľÿ˵Ĵӣһ˱һӪأÿ˶һԺ䡣
ʱ򣬵Ӫص˻࣬ũսԱûһ˵ڽԼһжʰ֮󣬱˴ϣԼľ̽Ǹڣʼ
˴ԼһСʱľһԼͻƷٽ㡣ڵĴųʶлۣǿչʶ


141 ս
ʶڵľԽԽŨؿʼͣҪͻʶϣʶչ
ž֮ԽԽ֮ǰϸؿʼɺʶڵϣͬһһĳԴͬҪըһʹ
Сؿڵľ룬֮ǰӵƻʶԼŪһɵӡ
ؿžǿžʹһһسűϣһһűϡ
һĶϸµḶ́ʱѾһУȫרעڳϣʱڲ֪š
콥غӪڵʿʳڿʼԷ
ϸյûп꣬Ҳû⣬ЩߣһУⶼǷǳ顣
ҹȥ̫սԱѾڲٳϿʼ˳ǣȴûгӰ
ξ΢΢üͷԳ˽⣬Ƿش飬Բ᲻ҾǷش飬ҲǰԼ١
ͻȻһѵʲô⣿
Ҫ֪ǰѳ굱Լеƣ飬˴ûϣ
ҲͬһţûпʱкܶսԱûе
ǿŴҳ֮ξʹҴҵ˳ᡣ
վڳԺǰѾһˣȴûеõ˿ĻӦĳȥˣϥһαԽԺǽ䵽Ժڡ
ٲųҷȥƿţ뵽ڣ۾ڴϵĳꡣ
˳Ĵǰûнг꣬ϸضꡣ
к֤û
ѵ˯

Ϊֳһ˿ʹ֮ɫϴ죬ЩĪ
ͻƾ磿
ͻƾģӹ
Ҳȥ꣬ȻԼдصĺȻתȴѩ
ؽ䱸ţΪһξߵǲһ׵ѩǣҲѩͻȻҧһڰ
ѩֻǵûнһٶ΢һѩǳСģ̽ʵǣ֪ô𣿡
ѩǡءһſ˵ϣ
㻰أ
ѩǸɴ۾
ΣٴνĿ˳ϡɫЩ԰ףȴʮֵƳؽָڳϣǿ
̫ˣ
ѵֻ˯ˣ
ʱ򣬳곤³һ۾ľͻƵƷһ㶡˲ͷӦ˹ӦԼͻƵʱ̫ãӰ˳ξŵԼ
١
꣬ôˣĵʵ
Ĭһµ֪ҲЩ̫ˣеһ˯ͷˡ
Ժ˲ƴĳһŵˣܹڴʱһֱͻƵڵڰ˲㣬ǸŬȫҲ̫ˡ
³һ꣬ԺҪôƴˣҪгڲźá
ǣ٣Ӵ
ǰӪصһסһʿʵʱӪѾٳʮӪأЩӪصĶǸһЩＯѵ׼μ˴ȵĸʿ׼ġ
ħȼ͵һԸҵµȱѵʱѾס˼ҵµȱһȺµȱųǵӪض
Ϊ׵һʿȮһɣCɱǸʿȮĵܵܡҲΪܹսӽħCû뵽˳ǵ
ȮһΪһǻɱԼĵܵܣΪƾԼܵܵʵټװСԱħCȫûҪûйˡ
û֤ݣֻѹԼıʹŭɱʹŭħ֮󣬾ҲͲסˡ
Ȳ˴ˣھҪȥѵЩսԱһУ˴֮ǰʧȥʸ軪ͬʱݺݵسһڶ
õд壬ⲢΥ˵Ĺ򣬶ʸʵΪµȱһ֣µȱ㼶ϣ޵֡
ԼҲһܹɨµȱ
ǵӪȻڱÿҵӪش֮ǰŸԼڱǷҵ̽ǰ̽ǵܡ
Ȯһ˴ǰưسڱ˵ҪսսԱ


142 
˴ȼѵʱ򾭳ڱҲ⡣еһڱȵţ
㷴뵽ڣŲٳȥ
ʱڲٳʮսԱԷд裬Щ˶Բͬ򣬵һμȻҪдһ¡
ӣһʵΪĵطοδ˴֮ʱǱ˴֮仹Ҫ˽˴˵ʵһĹ
ڱߵǸǰʿ߳ˡ
ʮսԱûʲô⣬뵽һ㣬ÿ켯ѵ鷢Ҳ˴֮ǰЩֽһΣ˽һ¶ܹ֡ٻܶԷǾ͸ˣδĴ֮оͿռϵơ
ǽ˵һ֮ڣʮʿҲֱ𽻹֣ԾԵʵˣϸҲĶ֣ѾسΪʮսԱ졣
һǸڱһٸʿ˽Ϊ׵ȮһɽưĿɨʮսԱ˵ҽȮһɣǶӦ˵Ұɣ
ʮսԱĿһȻ˵µȱһ˵ȮһɣҲûʲôµģȮһֻµȱһ˻͵øſš
ϻ˵˵ʮŸˣҲɳʮŸ˳Ǳһ¡
Ȯһһָǰҡҡ˵ô鷳һУǶֵġ˭ϣ
ʮŸսԱɫ࣬˳ǰһ̣
ȮһɵһҽȻǰһ̤ξͬһڵһس˳ȥĵһдĽӡұһֵŵ˳˹ȥ
һȺʿȻһãȮһֵȴͬյһ㣬˺˿˼Х
˳˲һϢĸоҰз·һֵնһһǰƣη
˳ֱһܣ߾ˡꡱѵ˲һ̹ǵʹ۴ξһ·ĵص˳ȥͨһ˵ϡ
ؿһƣɤ۷Ѫ

һʿǰһ˵˳ʱȮһɽֱĿ⾡ӵɨĻʿ˵ҽǼʶһʲô¼֧˲Ϊ˵ĳ¹ֻǴʸ񡣡
ԼӪأһиˡ
Щ˿ɶǾеľӢһҲǽϰˡ̵ܹ˵ĵ˳ҲŭĿŶȮһɡ
顫
ϸճ˳ȥʮ˵УϸʵڵڶֻѷȮһһֵоѾδȮһɵĶ֡
顫
Ȯһɼϸճ˹ҽڵһ壬Ҳ
ϸպȮһ̹ͬһضײȥ
顫
ײһϸյȭͷȮһɵֵһ̥죬ȮһɵӶԭأϸȴ
ã
Ⱥ˷ĺſȡ
°ɣ
ȮһɵٴγСͬһڵ˲㵽ϸյĸǰ
顭
бܼ˼ҵڳ뽻ֻ֣ǼغϸѾ·磬ѾҺȮһӲֻܹһ߶һѰҷĻᡣ
ǣȮһɵĿֵͬտĿ⾫׼ѰҵϸյȴһϸյСϸ߷˳ȥ
ϸյ䵽֮һͦվȴһҡΡ
ۡ
һѪ˳
ϸǰһȴһְֻļϣϸջͷһͣ˽Ų

˽ŲȮһɻ˹ȥȮһɵ۾΢΢һУߵ̬Ͼܹоֺǿ
ǿ
Ȯһ΢е˫ĿȻһţ顱һߵ棬α˹ȥ
ϸһСһʹȮһ֮ս΢䡣ȻѾϵ򲻹Ȯһɣô·磬еԾ
꣡
ϸȻ˳꣬һ˿ġѾһûгˣ֪ܹܲ
ϸȡֻٵҵ˳ĺ밴ȥ
ʱոմӴξҲ׼ȥȴֻȡֻϸյĵ绰㼱æͨ
꣬߳ˣҡˡ
ģ
ٳ
ң


143 ǿ
ȥξĺ꣬ôˣ
߳ˣϸա
ԶԶĴξɫһ㶣̶ɱһֿڣҲݣҲųŲٳȥ
˼ͣ˳˿ֲʵ¶΢Ц˫֣һҡεŲٳȥ
꽫ȫ˳ܹϸյһ򵥣ʵһǿᡣȥˣ֪˶ˡ
顫
ĵصţ·ʱᵹ£ȴҧأŬԼ塣
顫
Ȯһɵٴγֱ̧۷˳ȥ
ꡫ
ϵļ鴤һ£ֱ۶ˣźĺˣͻȻһַֻסĺ󱳣ȶ
ͷһһİһӪر˾ͻ֮Уûкʿ档
꣡ϸǰһ
۾ˣϸȻдаܸϸԲǳĶ֣Գӡʮ񿴵˳꣬ĵһоǳǳǿ
ȮһҲͣ˽Ų۾΢΢ߵĸо֪̾Ǹ˺ǿǿЩɻ䡣
֣
ȮһɻļһµȱһҲΪµȱһűȳ˸ܹӿٵԼĶ֡
꽫ϸգٲȮһȥ
꣬ѵϸȵ
ƣͯսҲһųֻ֪꣬ҪǸȮһɾһֻ׵ĸ
ʿϸյ˳ĵɫҲһųıӰź꣬ͣ
һ̣ʮԲͬʿšһŲϤ̵ʱڣΪʿսγһ顣
оƵۣɫû˿仯ŲҲû˿ͣ٣ɲȮһɱƽֻÿһϵսһڡ
Ȯһûвܲ˵ųȥǸ֣ɵӡʿһѷĸ֣ðȻǰֻ
Ѿʤ˼ϵ۷壬Ҳ˳óôߵԼĸǰԷƾҲ۷塣
ܹȥˣ
ȻȮһɲ³֣֪ٲ֣ƾͻ۷塣
ֽսľһơ
ڿʼϾܹѹȶԷҲʤһ롣
Ȯһɶˣȴûʿʿʮֹ죬û֮ǰͬһڵһس꣬ͬһزųȥ
óȻѷԼʿ֣ǲı֡Ȯһͳ֮ľ룬óûа취۷״̬
ɫƽȴҲ߿˶ԷһۡԷǣ˴Ȼһǳ˼顣
ȮһɵľٶѾ֪Լûа취۷ˡ
ǣ
Ҫ۷
Ҫ
̧ǰȥƺ֮ǰûʲôͬǣڳĽȥ˲䣬·лһ˲͵Ȯһɵǰ
Ȯһε¶˾ݣ΢
һ־;飬һʽ乭仢ֱȡȮһɵйǧٹ˿дͬʮ̥ѵĺ
Ȯһû뵽ƣϳ֡ӭľ磬˲оһȭ
µȱһ֣˲˾˲ģڳҰʧ

зһЦƷľ˲ţоһϲͻƷһȻַܹԲʮס
˲׽Ȯһɣҽڵһߣ氼һӣȮһɳ˹ȥ
ͬʱȮһΪҲҲͻȻ˳һͻȻϮͬһһ˿Уһͬһų
굱Ȼȥ㣬ӵǧٹԶԶԽ˶֣ʱҪȥ㣬ѡӲӲǾɵӡ
ҪԼʵȥѹԷνһʮᣬӵ˾Եʵʱ似һӡ
һʽٻԭȭͷȮһɵȺ˹ȥŵأӴȹʴ۰ͨ첲͸ȭͷ޵ơ
еȮһĿһȫû뵽ȭͷһȣҪ֪ǽ׹ϵѾԽڰ˲ǧŰٹѵԷĸ첲Ҫ
䡫


144 ʹŹһȺ
ȭͷʹײһȮһɵӾͱ˳ȥڰȮһɵٴʧ
ȴ֪ŵľ˫ڵߣξͬһ̹һس˹ȥ
˶һ㶣Ϊʲôɵȥ
ҲûȮһɵӰ
ѵ
ܹȮһΣ
˵۾һضס꣬ҪǷܹ͸Ȯһɵ
ԶԶһŴ£ξվųĿ˸ȮһʶںʱԶԶؼһ档
ȮһɵĿ֮Ҳ似ѾͨϵѾﵽ˷ǳߵľ磬֮ܶޡ
ȮһɵþԼȮһɶϣе鷳ȻԼԲ䣬ҪȮһɴҳҲû˿İա
䡫
Ȯһɱ״̬и˳
Ȼξһ񣺡СӹȻܹ͸Ȯһɵ
ʱȮһҲʶԼ꿴ˣͷʹѾ֪ͳúԶԼΪٱֿ̻ô
䣿
ԲУ
Բܹڱ֧ǰ䣬Լ͵иԾˣټ縸ϡԼҲᱻиԾ
Ǿȥϵûƴˣ
Ȯһһҧƴ֮ġοҲδܹΪȻ꣬ȴһط깦
Чǿǿͬһ㣬ͬһڹһ㡣
ľȮһɣҲʲô似ֻһȭһȭعȮһɡ
顭
޴һһغȮһɷµֱϣǧٹֵܹģβסغˣһ·ġ
ꡫ
깦ǿ˫Ĳ̫ȮһɵСڱ顣
顭
󲽲ϵرƽȮһɣ˫ȭͬһ㣬һȭδ䣬һȭ𣬲ȭȭ⣬ȮһͬеһҶҡҷ
нϵܼܻͬڷ䡣
һȭȭȭ
ȮһڲĺˣǱ˳ȥ뿪˵ڿзš
ͣס˽ŲſзȮһɣһ˿ԻԼ˵Ϊʲôֻ˶ԷһֱֻۣûиԷص˺
Ȯһͨһֱˤ˵ϣشӵɫ԰׵ų꣬һ˿η壬һ
ۡ
һѪ˳һҡΣһεطԵֱӻ˹ȥ
Ȼ깦ڳϵع£Ǳ˸࣬ˡ
ʿһһܵȮһɵߣغţȮȮ
ȮһɻԵúܸɴ࣬ЩʿκУǲ
Щʿ̼ʧʱ̣ǵ˳ƽǻȲȣȵĻ̧ߣҷ͡
һȺʿȻתŭصųꡣǵǿĿ֮ʱȴһͻ˸ղų͡µȱ޵ֵȮһɶѪԣȥŰ
һ˲䣬Ǹо־ɲǼʧ
ôߣ국ЦˣǾһϰɣ
ʮʿڵؾͺˣʲôʱӹҲǽӺòãҲнòãһֱ𻪹ʿòã
ôˣ
Ȼ˵
ʮŸʿ˴˽һеһʿһ˸£ϣ
ʮŸʿųͳ˹Ǹոճһҽڵһţ˫ڵߣһ·̳
̫ȭϲǡ
ͬһֻɽͻһӭһȺʿͳ˹ȥͬһ̹˳˲Ⱥֻ˲䣬ĸʿ䵽˿С
ٳϵĻʿЩʿΧ꣬һξ㶯ҪʿȴȻһߺȣ
˵ĽŲһ٣㶼ϸաϸյһЦǰæվ￴žͺá
˵ֳ˼ɫɽĿ˳Ǳߣһвͬʱһ𣺡΢
Щ˶µȱеľӢȻ΢ǼʶСʱͬһֻһ㣬ֻƫƫʮֱÿһȭǧٹ


145 ɨ
һȺʿΧų꣬ȴƫƫһƬ½ǣǳÿһȭȴصػһʿٳ֮һƬͷѵġꡱ֮
ֻǲһӵʱ䣬ʮŸʿͶɷڵϡһƬ
žžžٳϴһ˵İ
ͻʿתͷȥһ۵İһ͵ضԳƣ󻹸żˣһĿơ
üëһɫָƽҲսģ
ǸΪ׵İһָǰҡҡǽеǻᡣлһʵıݣ
䣬Ҳ𻰣תȥǸ˵ıӰ΢΢һüͷܹоԷǿвɰǳʶˣ˴ԽԽ˼ˣǿٰ߲
Ȼϱǿս⣬Ǹһ漴ַͷҲص˳ȥ
̧ͷһڱ鷳ȥ֪ͨһˣ̧ߡ
Ǹڱηؿһ۳꣬תŴȥתϸյȥ¶΢Ц
ǰԶԶųֵ
ֵꡣ
žֻֽһ
ںʹ໥ʶţȴܽһȺˡЩеĳ٣еԱ
ǲǲ֪սԱȥӪսȥˣǸûеһ¶µȱһڻʲôĵģ
ҪĲӪڵȮһǴʤˣ˳żĳ䳰ȷһ˵ʱ򳰷ٵĻʲôúˡ
ǣû뵽ȵȴجġ
ǲţȫزš
ǿԿ϶һǻĳٶˣȮһôʧܣ
ʱǻ֪һ˺ɨеսԱǸڱֻǸȥӪ̧ˣת뿪ˡ
ĳٺеԱŭسӪأŻսӵӪ˹ȥҪȥһѵʿдһֵܹ
ûеȵܵսӪأȴ˼ˣǼ˷سЦǡ
ŭͬʱҲһƬ𾪺ͱ
Ǽ˵ĿѾ֪ĳٲûг֣ӰӶûг֣ǻһսԱȮһɣɨеսԱ
ȻȵزԸţҲ֪Ǽ˲ƭǡһ񲻶߽˻սӪأȻսһء
֪ľЩ˻飬һ˵ʿٵ뿪˻սӵӪء
ڰӹӪſڣӹսԱŴǰ߹ȥЩԱˣһӹսԱ¶һ˿ѫ磬ЩԼһ̲ˣײˡǺǡ
壿ѫ˵˲壬ֻһ΢еӲȵľˡ
ѫ˵öԣǸӹʿЦǰӹľǲ塣Ǹְ壡
ʱʮӪڵſس˺ܶսԱǱˣе۵ļе˼
ڻӪڣĵ뿪ˣͬ뿪Ļмξÿξ϶ſĵЦݡ
ȥҽԺɣĵż˵ʿ
ǼʿҲͷڴҵİžҽԺȥ
꣬ôܹǸӵջûסų꿪ʵԱߵʿҲ˶䡣
аʱѾ治ɫˣ΢֮оرܹоǸӵĲȻҲǺаգû뵽һǸоˡ
¶ĽĹâ꣬оôܹ
͵͵غһ£ĵ֪Ϊ˾ܹС
Ҳܹ˵ֻ΢üͷ˼Լľͼ̹ٸԼһЩ
˼ű˵Ҳ˵ãҾҪڸּѰָоһĳһָоٽָоҲγС
һЩԺϸյˣ˵ȷ˵ǹУ
ǹУ
ɫһ㶣һԵϸյ۾һѿڶǸǹϣһʮǹʮǹУ
ЩսԱŲһͣɫ˲ʯ


146 绰
ǹϣ
һʮǹʮ
⡭ǲģ
ȴϸյͷǾǹС
ôģʱѾ˹лǴ𾪡
ϰǹȻѧϰǹ˽ǹеǹС
˼˵ⷬģĻаȴǳĬˣǶó˵úеֵż򵥣Ҫʵȴǳѡ
ǹҪѴʱ䣬ȻǹҪѴʱ䡣˵ûǸǸҲûǸʱ䰡
꣡㿴
ͻȻϸյϸյĿȥֻһӪصĴſڶ
꣬ûˣϸյЦ˵
ɨһ۸Ӫſڵĸַɫսӣðһ˿ս⡣ӹһ˿˷ܵ˵ǻսң
ţϸ˵ҲսԱڴ֮ǰ໥սȴûзһ˺ɨһӵ顣ܿͻˣкܶս㡣
ǺǡЦ
ǺһЦϸպ⣬ͨϢԼܣҲ鷳üͷɣ
ǳȴƫƫûУǺһ֡ϸܹǺǺд˷ܡѾĲһսӰɣڵڶݶӵʱû
Ա͵˾ҽԺַӪءЩսԱڳ꼤¶֮С
ʱܹȥͻʽÿ֮󣬱㽫еľͶ뵽似֮С
ʱվڲٳϣʼ̫ȭһԭ꽡ٰʮֻȭȴʮֿ٣ڿж˲ӰٶȻ֮С
ڷɿٵУƿؾҪߡҪֿٵͻԼƿ
Ȯһûи̫ѹľʮŸʿͬҲûд̫ѹѾӵųʿڵڰ˲ټ΢ȥԸڵʿе۸ˡ¶ԷоʮŸˣҲϷŲˡ
ԣҪԼԼѹ뵽İ취ڼ״̬¶ԼĿͬһֻڼٵ£ܹһ˵ĿΡ
һһز̫ͣȭȭ磬вϵ֮
ȭڼ٣Ҳڽͣڼµƿڽؽ

صʹϴһ裬Ȼȥʳó˷ϢһҪʼȴֻ
ȡ˵绰һʾ¶ϲ֮ɫ̶ȴ¶˿Ц
绰ʾĺǻĵ绰ԼԴӽ뵽ս֮һĶѵ֮ϣȻ˸绰»ġ
æͨ˵绰Щ˵á
ҲãҺܹ󵽻ʱһСģ㼱æ˻ͷڻûпʼǴ֮ǰͿʼԼӵľ˵˻ڽߵĹвϵǿսӵĽ̹ǶôĲ̣ô飬ͬħһ㣬ÿ۵ָͷòסӡ
ųĭɵؽ֮ǱֻغһƬĬĲ֪һӵ绰ͷǺͷϸ꣬ǿꡣ
ôӵʱ䣬绰ͷ˻˵һЩ˵ܾ˼ҩо
͵͵һȻᡰšһ
Ϊʲôһ˿⡣
Ϊǿߣ
ĻĬˣʱ䣬Ǳߴ˻⣡
⣿̲סѿڶϸǵҪһʱ⣬һŮܹô죿
Ǳߴ˻ЦǿӦøҵĸ˭˰ɣ
Ȼ򣬻һĸףô᲻˽ǿߵ壿
˵ɣʲôҪҰæģʵ
ȻһԼѾƷˣʹʮѷɽˣԼȴֻѡûԼٹʮѡ
ԼҲܹڽףᱻע⡣һǾߵȥôķɽⲻ˻Լ
ͬԭǾߣһı˭ȥ鷳ǣ˵ҹʮѷɽҰѻֻ㡣
ȴûֵ飬ֵʵ磬ҪôķɽʲôҲǸֲǾߡ


147 ũܵϢ
˵ԼǾߣջԼûбǿ֮ǰҪܡ
ŶѷɽںսʱΣʱҰǵɵ˳ȥϣܾͶˡ
Ǳߴ˻ЦֻЦ˼žڳЦ꣬ǿͣǴлܹЦ⣺ҹЩӻȥʮѡ
ţллѼ۸ͿŸңҰѻָ㻮ȥ
ˣǱߵЩ䡣
ⲻʰɡС˵
žǱ߹Ҷ˵绰ŵ绰ϾǿЦаǹҺˡԼһܲһֱ˼ŮӵĶɣһڶʲô
ҡҡͷֲ˻ĵ绰ô˵ԼҪһǸ̬
绰жʮʱ䣬ϵĿЦԽԽŨʱǱߵĵ绰ڽͨˣȴûֻĺ
Բ𣡡Ǹúܸɴ࣬ȻѾǸˣ;Բˮ
ҲܳԾôصǸĬӣûϵġ
ǡ鷳ˡʱѾһģԼһرľϵҲǲԡ
˴ʱЩĬһּ򵥵˵˼仰ʹҴҵع˵绰
µ绰֮󣬳곤غһеֻͬ૵ǰ𣿡
˼һ󣬳ŽЩԺ˦˳ȥ뵽֮С
ڶ졣
˲ٳϲμӳȴõһ˲ǺˬϢũܵʮμ˴ȵսԱʱˡΪũܹõѵĵطȵħ򱨵
е˼ǳԣǿħߵսԱ
ҡҡͷûļʮʿ϶ֳŭ⡣ɵĽǵѵЩʿκһʱ棬ƴ
ǼʿǵɾȻʮֵظˣҸѵûһʿ飬һĬĬѵš
ʱħһ֧СʮսԱѾˣξĴ½뵽ٳһ۾ͿƴѵսԱ
һʿ̧˿ֱʱӦý˰ɣѵЩһﶼǷ˼ɵˣǺǣѵ͸Υͣǡ
죡ǸĴξͺһǸʿ̱ͣ˵ôôһֻģ
ξǸξǳʿ֮ԶԶغк
ξοǳٵඣЦ˵
ξȴûнĻͷǽĿ˳ǣЦе˵ôˣǱ˳ӣڳͷǰɣģҴĶԱǰѳӸһң˭ߵĳӣūǰӣ
ūˣֳһ˿Ѿҵıɨˣ
ɨξȻ׺ɨ˼ʲôеһлһ˺ɨһȺˣһɨһֻЧɨ
ǡξһ˿š
ֳһ˿ŭũܵսԱѵˣǾħĲ̫ͣòЧѵҪһֱũܣǻ㼯ԣҵı̼ˣ
ξɫһ㶣̶Ҳ͸¶һ˿ŭʮµȱȵʮʱʰһУȻ󵽲ٳѵٵģѵӱû緹ԡ
ǣ٣
ʮյʿ۾Ҳˣǽˣȴ˱ˡô̵ܹȥ
ʮѸٵӪһӵʱ㶼ѾڲٳжӼˡ
ûҶһɾĬĬѵѵ֮һʿ˷֮󣬺ܶ඼ûȥǻȥһСʱ֮󣬱ֻص˲ٳϣһһ̫ȭ
ͳһûȥĻʮˣʮ˶ѾͻƵڵٽ㣬ͬϸһҲҪȥǺͳһڲٳ似
ʮʿһֿʼ໥дһʱ֮ٳƹƹҵͲʱؽк
ֻǳڲٳһһһط̫ȭ
ξվߣųʵǸСô¶һʲô̫ȭ̫ȭдô˵ξıϹҲȥܹܣ


148 ִ
ֳһ˿ԺǸСһ˺ɨһٸˡǽǸȮһɴûԣȻһͬʱʣµľʮŸˣɨ
ô
ξ΢΢۾ʼעһһſţɫرˣܹȻȭٶԽԽ죬ƿ֮ȴԽԽСζų꽫һǾԾˡ
ţξ΢΢صͷĿ
οصͷһֱ
ٳмʮʿ໥ڴдţٳһǳھţһ£ξĹעųꡣ

һԭȥʿˣԶԶؾͿ˲ٳʮдʿʿ۾һĿⶼʮʿѰųӰҪۿ˵д衣
ȴûп꣬ϴʧŲٳȥ۾һǿ˳ꡣ
ʮյ±д۾ҲһǺܿͷԵЩʿȥעЩдʿǽĿڲٳһǶһʿ
ǸսӪڱξǳʿųıӰЦôһǲʵͣûԸд谡
䣬ɫһΪΧЩǰʿһ׳һĿڿ
Ҳֻ΢һ£漴Ȼѵ֪Լʵͣд裿
䵭˵ŶǰɣҸ㣬г꣬ɨʿ
ŶͣųıӰ˵ûжǿ̫ȭɣ̫ȭԴô𣿡
ȥԣһԵͯս˵
Ծԣ
Ŷ󲽵ųȥ˶ͣס˽ŲŶȥͯսЩһֵı飬ǾŸոյʿȴһȤǱߡŶ𿴻࣬ʵȴʮǿģŸҲҪŶϳ꾿һʲôҲܹƲʿʵ
Ŷվ˳󣬵ǳûпһ㣬ԹԵ̫ȭ۾ǱϵġڸоߣƿЩҪЩѹ¡һڻڶԷٱǾԵĿֲ
ǿô£Ц˵ξıҪȥս갡
Ŷξɫһ̶ָֻƽսһҲã֪ࡣҲδػ䡣
ޣЦ˵˵Ҳܹɨʿˣ
ξüëҲ˵ҲЩʿ̫ˡ
̹֮ҲžģʱξȻܹƣŶвУѹ˵
Ǻǡ˵ʲôֻǡǺǡ
ǺǡξҲʾҲ漴Ǻǡ
ʱǱߵŶ˵ˣ꣬Ҫս
ûзӦʱҪͷֻһܹסڵᡣ
ʱÿһȭûһȶ˿ķûƿ֮ͷ·һͨڴȭһ㡣
ŶƲƲ죬аô죬ûڸɨʿǴİɣ
뵽Ŷָ꣬Ҫս
ʱ򣬳ʹһʽ̫ȭеĻתӣŶŶһϾ͸ֳһŭ꾹Ȼڱ۾
ڸʲô
𣿶Ҳмһ
ŶҲٺǰһһʽڻų굱شȥ
žžž
һ֮ȭͷ˲Ϣ֮Ѿ˳ǰ
ȴýתʹ̫ȭһʽ乭仢
ϲڱۣתȭȭ
顫
һ죬겢ûͷɽСҲΪȭͷʱűŰȻûͷţȴͬһִһ㡣
ŶȭͷͬһײĸִϣҲоֹϴ˾ҵʹԼĽ
оȭͷ̲ž޴ͷųԼǲҲҪˡ
ٵغ˼һ䱸ųꡣǣȴûмǱ۾̫ȭ
Ŷȥս֪ԼǳĶ֡ǶڳȴԽغվʼĹ۲ųһһ߹۲ű߻֮ǰͳײһȭ


149 
Щˣ꾹ȻЩһ㣬е̲ء˲ڳȭʱûзûͬһͨһ㡣
ǣ˳Ǿ˿ֲ
ʱѾվһŵʿǶĬĬųڲٳдʮʿҲĬĬվ

ƶĬĬر۾վ˴Լһӵʱ䣬۾Ŀ¶һ˿źջǲһûȫ似ֻ˰˳ɡ
ҽԺĲȮһڲϣĴǰһξĿϵȮһɣʵıһ˻ܣܹһ˺ɨսжԱ
ǣǱһܣҲܹҵǲһ˺ɨҹսӣҲ֪ǸʱѾȥˡ
Ȯһ˵޵һ˿¡˳ܹͣʱѾоԼһҲûлӮһˡ
ǿξʵ
ǿȮһɵͷ
ǿʲô̶ȣ
Ȯһ΢΢üͷ˼ŵܴӦҵһңзǳ׽λá
һҵξüͷ˼ŵӦʹʲôطС᲻һߣ
䣬ǸξҲԳһЦˣ߶ǸıôһôǿҶˡ
ξһ˿ɱȻµȱľôǿ;Բܹɳ˱
ǡȮһɵкûš
ûʲôǣξ̵Ц˵˴ȿɲǵ䶷Ľǿʹġ粻жǿվȱĶֻ֡ҪһǹǿҲֻ
Ȯһ۾һˣס
ӹӪڣѫŴȥıŰӹսԱ
ѫ磬һ˻ӪأȳְɡһӹսԱ˵
ޣѫЦ˵Ļꣿ
ǸսԱһͦظǰӹȭǿģδҪȥȣܳ겻ɵ߸֮һҪɨսӡ
ѫ͵صͷǰӹʿҪ־񡣺ãҴӦ㡣ҾһԿɨսӡ
ǣǸӹʿϳš
һ˺ܿ˻ӪصǰʱǵźܶˣǸսԱȻŹӻͰӹսԱ֮Ľ棬˽սӵʵ
ڱûֱӷЩ˽ȥǵоãгڣЩ˾ȥŰġ
ƻͬһâʱʹҴк׼һȥһҵĽŲתͷȥӴŴ߽һȺˡ
ǰǰӹսԱǵǸսԱƤƤͺƤġ
Щ˵Ц˵꣬˵ǰӹսԱս㣬ЩҵսԱս㣿
һԵŶ۾һղſǼʶ˳ʵڷǳڴôɨǰЩսߡ
ŶԭһԸΪ֮ˣνļΪʾšǼʶ˳ﾲվţͽ˳ȥ
ԽԽǳ˰ӹ֮⣬ЩҵսԱߵһͣڳһֵ̬ӹսԱǼųǱƽ
Լʮ׵ľ룬ӹսԱҲͣס˽ŲΪ׵ĺѫ˫֣ɫվԵһսԱߵм䣬ɫư˵ңʿǸǳ꣬ҳ
ûǽĿ˺ѫܹоЩкѫǿġҲûжȤǺͳѾһϡ
ôˣ
û˳ʿ̬ӵšεҡҡͷҪȥȴŶһ˳ȥ
ղŶһֱųֻ꣬ɨʿһۣ㽫Ŀ˺ѫб֪ûаʿҳƺҲûгȥѵ˼ŶľͻˣȻ겻ԸȥѵԷҾͳȥѵһ١
ʱ˵ɨսӣŶͷǳĽһߴһѰ˼ţܹɨӹսӣȻʵ꣬ȴһġ


150 
ԣŶһվʿǰֳ̬ʿҪţ㻹ûʸսϽŰһ٣һҪɨ֧顣
ʿһڣŶֶʣһݣֱֻ۾ͬһѴ󵶣żƿ֮ŶĲն˹ȥ
Ŷ·ɵһ㣬վһʿһ˿̣ٶȺһ֡
һŶĲϣŶͲ˵ˣǻᱻʿֱնɱ
絶ƾŶĲֻˣʿ¶һ˿˷ܵĹâ
顫
һֻͻȻסʿ󣬳ĿⲻһһĽֵĹԲܹץסʿһֽ̱һ˿
ʿ˲¶𾪣ͬһֻؿסӶʼ顣
顫
Ŷͬһ˴ǹһ߳ʿӸ߷ȴֻԭطΪʿŶС漴ŶڱۣʿڿлһԲ䡱һˤ˵ϡ
ز˹ͷѵ
ʤɱֻһغϣͽֻ衣
һŶŵŶĺѫ
ѫĿһܹоŶǿвɸһ˿ȣѵҪǿ
ûжĶǳꡣ껹ûгôԶ
ʿҲǴڶʵ߻ʮ˵ʵҪʿ
һ԰սԱӺѫԳ˳ҲȻСȴߣڿһǰշһ׳ĴȱŶ
ȭ糵ն
ȭзǳһʽУʵϵ屾ټϿз׹򱬿ͬ졣
Ŷһ˿ɫûжֱһȭֱµĴȡ
顫
Էڿһȵ˵ϣŶȴ˴˫ų
Է˫Ÿոһ棬һƱŶ˹ŶûȥץԷ󣬶ǰһŶԷ۽˹ȥϥŶԷСײ˹ȥ
顭
˿ٵؽ֣дܼײڷǳ̵ʱѾʮغϡ
ŶͻȻ䵽˼վȣɫò԰סʮغȻûˣȴԵ·硣
ಡ
İӹսԱŶովȽŲѾ嵽ĸǰȭͷѾŶǰŶ˳ƺ˰벽˫۽ǰ⵲
顫
Ŷӵ˳ȥŻսԱ˹ȥ
ֻֽŶסŵ˵ϡǸӹսԱŶѾ˻ĶУͣ˽ŲŶСָ
֪ԼóȥˣϸնˣܹŶԼ⣬ѾˡͻȻũܵʮսԱ֪ʲôʵЩڴ
߳ȺڶԷǰһվ˵ȥɣ㲻ҵĶ֡
Էɫһ䣺Թ֪
Ųٵƶǰ벽һߣȱͬһ˴ǹ˳ĸ
ͬǰ벽ͬһߣͶԷһģһЩԱ֮ʩ˼
顫
һҪȶԷȳһǳľٶҪȶԷܶࡣԣԷȻûд̹ĽѾСϡ
겢ûȫʹԷҲ˳ȥͬһŰӹսԱȺȥ
ıֻֽסŵ˵ϡ
Էɫ԰ףظһۡһһѪһα˹ȥ
ѫĿһͬʽԼĶԱȴһߵѪԡ
ǸٶȣǸúѫ˷
Ķֲֵý
ѫѾЩȲˣҲ֪ñ˳ȥҲŰĳֻԼܹһս
ڲԶЩַɫսԱɫһĿȽ˷ܡ
ѫȺ˳ھԶĵطͣų꣬ɫ͸¶һ˿𾴵ѫ
ɫҲ꣡
룡
룡
վһȳ֡ƾУԼͬһлܶԷ
ѫĸоӦñǸȮһ΢ǿһ㣬ûȮһɵֹķĵֵסԼȫһ
ԣҪѫȳ֣Ҫȭںѫܹʹʲô̶ȡټ֮һѵõĻᡣ


151 ͭ
ѫڽҲûȳ֣Ҳȳֻ֡Ǽ֮ӳĿоͿԷȳ֣۾ƽͬƽ޲ĺˮ·ҪԵĲǼҪĶ֣ǿһĿ
ѫŭˣĿҲйǿЩͨʹõĿ⣬û뵽챻õԼϡ
ѫûȭԼٶȳ꣬һһӡųȥ
һž
ԭֻңһҲǼͱƽ˳ꡣ
ѫƽƽһȭ˳û˿ĻڣֻһȭȴǸ쳣
ѫգһóеʵһȭȫͬһֻìǿ˳
궯ˣͬƽƽһȭ
Լѹǧһ㣬źѫȭͷײȥҪԺѫ
顫
ȭͷڿײһһ޴ı
˫ҡһ£˰벽һ˿ͣԷȻǧԼǧٹҡӦǱҪ˿ĸһЩǹԭ򣬻ʵԭ
ѫ¶һ˿ϲû뵽ԼȫһȻܹ˳꣬Ҳûʲô˲սȻ̤ǰһһҰܣ
ЩսԱɫһȫû뵽ᱻѫˡŶֳһ˿ɫǾԵĿֲôѫ
ЩսԱȴֳ֮ɫЩʢɨսӣǵѹҲܴ󣬱Ͼһ˺ɨһӣʷϻûз
걻ѫһȭˣһ֮࣬зһͷ꣡ˣ
źѫһҰܡǻʿǶʿĿ۽ڳͺѫ˵ϡ
ͬһȭƽƽĻɺͶĺѫһǧٽ
ͻȻעóֱۺȭͷȻǣһͬһѵƤ¡˸оը
ѫĿһǴʱȭѷֻһҧĵҵҪļ
顫
ȭͷ֮磬˿ѫ˫һҡһȳŲŶ˰벽
ʿɫһ㶣֮ŷӦ֮ǰ˰벽һȭǳ걣ʵһӦʵ˰ɣ
ʿȴȻһãŶĿ˸а⻹ʵɣ
ѫһ˷صƣվԭأû׷˼Ƥ΢΢һ졣ȵ꣬ǿ˾㳢ʵӦøеңǵһóȫʵˡ
ѫŵƣҲܹ²⵽һûеƵôܳΪǰЩӹսԱ䣿
ѫһĽ֣Ŷֹֽͭ׹ͽ֣һǿķҲܹߵܹӶǾҪ߱˽ͭ׹ʲôΡ
ѫѾͭ׹˵ڶ㣬ܹɣҲ˵ѫʵǧٹңʹͭ׹ܹ֮Ӱ˰ʮңﵽǧҵ
ѫ̤ǰһƽƽһȭų굱ػϴżȵšŸղѾǳļźԼһطǿ
һȭ㣡
ѫȭͷϸһͭɫ·һͭסƿıظҡ
˲佫Լٹȴڴ֮ǡ뺫ѫ¡
ͭ׹
ڳʿǼʶ֮ˣһ۱ϳֹͬʱĿҲвͬʿһЩģʿһͬʱʿ첲۶ϵĿ϶ģ˵顣
顫
ȭͷڿײȻײ
˼ͬʱҡΣԺ˰벽üëһ˲佫Լǧٹ̤ǰһƽƽһȭ
һȭ
ǳͺѫһһЩʿɫһ㶡ȫû뵽ںѫͭ׹һȭ֮£ͺѫƽɫܹٴ

ѫҲ˻û뵽·ͬһ㣬ʵͻʵԽ㡣Ͳųλᳬ
顫
˫ȭٴڿײ֮ڿռصѫһһ


152 
̤ǰһһȭ
顫
ѫֽ˳һȭΪʧȥ˸˵Ĳࡣûеȵȭѫ˫űڵߣƮˣͳ˾롣
ĽŲһ٣˺ѫ֪Լ¶Ѿȫѹ˺ѫѫҪȡʤҪó似ˣҲΪ˵һ̡
ΧۿʿоһЩꡣտʼͺѫսʱ򣬻·磬ȴǶԷǿǿȻһ̣ѫȫˣ
꾿жǿ
ѫͳʮҵľ룬û׷Ƕס˽Ųɫһ죬ͬʱ¶һ˿߷ߡ
ȻȲ㣬Ǿ似ϻ㣡
ѫ룬似ǧҶƣǧҶƮգʵʵ˫Ŀȴ絶նˡ֪жĸֵǧҶ¡һЩڵĸҲƾһǧҶƽܡ
ѫγżڵϵ㣬ˮͬӰӯ˲ӵ˳ǰʮҵľ˲Խ
ĿźѫӶĹ켣˫Ŀںѫ˫硣
ԴӸ͸ϰ似һͼʶ˺ܶ似ִξ˽⵽͸ӵعעټ似ÿ춼гһʱϹۿսӰټ֮ټ̡֮
ˮ
оһʹֲͺڵһʱȷΪˮ鲽ȻȴҪƴתǳѡ
ԣ϶ѫһֲԼ
νȭδȶ
ԳľܹӺѫ粿΢ܹжϳķ
Ȼ䣬Ŀһ
ѫļȶˣȴһĶĶһƵĵĲ̾жϳԷҪʹľۻҵȭ
Ȼںѫ粿˲䣬ѫֱۻӶ˫絶ʱռ䶼ǵӰȫ֣·ǧٸͬʱֵһ㡣
жϳѫʹĴŹ֮˫ողһ˲䣬ȶ֣ϲƣ֣ϲƣǰ
̫ȭƱա
顭
һı죬ܼѫֵ˳ֻǰϡȴûһնƱյȦڣڳı£ӿ
˫һأӸ˫趯䣬ƿ֮ӵؼ˫絶ӵؿ٣ڳЩʿҰѾѫΣǵо絶Ӱ
ôƣ
Щʿ˫ĿҲֳ˽ɶԺѫܹǧҶ˳̶ȷӡ
ûþҲû΢˫ͬľ׮ڵϣһֻ˫ֲϵʹƱգѫͬĹϤȦ⡣
ѫ˫ͻȻٵƶڳ湥͹ȥķȦҲܹӲƣֻܹѰҳǣ˫ɣһ˫糵ƱգȻûһ˿
ˣѫֻܹѰ仯ʼΧųͬʱǧҶͬ꣬ҪѳǣĽŲƶֻҪһܹҵֻһ˿ƾǧҶҲܹץסһ˲ŵĻᡣ
ǽȴʧˣӵ΢ܹ˶սѰ
ĽŲֻ΢˫ʹƱսѫĹȫֵ档ͬʱȴ˫Ŀţ˫ֺͶԷֵഥĲͬţѰŶԷ
ط»ȥѫߴνжϳԷ
һ̡
΢֣ѫһֵϲ֣һֵƽּһֵȭϲ§ϥԴ
̫ȭ§ϥԴ
顭
飬Ȼһȭ紸˶Էǰء
ѫ˲˫۽ʮ֣һȭʮֵġ
顭
ѫ嵹˳ȥҲֻǷɳ׵ľ䵽˵档
ɽ˿û˿ܵǱ˫һǰٴ귢ΪղһȭֻһɺϣԲῴԼǧҶƵ

ǧҶûֻܳʱ⡣
ǣûеȵѾ嵽ĸǰͬһ̹ˣصͳ
ϲڱۣתȭȭ
̫ȭ乭仢
ѫĿһɲֻǷأóȫȥơһûƣԳֻܹܡ
ԣҪƣƸ


153 ҪȥB
ͲܹȫأҪڷŽ
ѫұһʽųȭͷ񵲶ȥȭͬˮųǰػػȥдһ
ˣ
Ѿȫ˽ǧҶƣû˺ͺѫ˲佫ǧ
飡
ѫұҵǰϣȴͬ˸ϣȭͷ˵ٶȶû˿ı仯顱һȭϣϴһѵʹۣӵ˳ȥһѪ
䵽˵ϣĵغ˼겢û׷һɤһһѪ֪ԼعǶˡ
ѫ磡
һӹսԱΧ˺ѫߣеѫһҴںǻʹ˵ȥҽԺ
ʮӹսԱͷݺݵص˳һۣȴǷֵɵֻǳĺ󱳣ΪʱĳѾתŻսԱȥⷬȫ˷ѡֲҳսǿĺѫˣȥǲǸɨĻ
źѫһͷĵڶʿǰʱ̧ͦͷ뿪ʱȴǺͷ
ЩʿҲȥˣûгЦѫǣֻߵſڣͷıӰʱĿغ˷ܣֽȻͬĿн֯š
Ŷǰļ޵ǿ
ŶһͦظĿǳǿһһǿ
صԼᣬϢһһ£һξȻڴ˼
ԼٵõѹµȱԼѾûж֣Ŀǰûж֣ҪѹҪ֮ѹֻѹܹ似õһ
̲һ㱬ĹоԼѾƿһֱӪĻԶҲͻƿ

ӴĿǳҪѹҪǻԵѹǡѹ
΢΢üͷӪ֮⣬
Ŀһԣȥɱһܹ似һ滹׬֡
꽫г°˼ţԼȥǸأ
CáＸһȻҲжȴǼ١һҵĶ֣ҲҲ˼޵ѹBҲǶһżܹĽ
ȭϡžһȥB
ӴЬӣȥ
Ҫȥɱ
ξķЦеųʵ
ţᶨصͷ
Ѿ˰ţ˰ֵԭŵũܵµȱ֮һCȥʵսû뵽ũܵµȱˡ
˵¶һ˿ŭˣǾͿʼȥCʵս
ҡҡͷҪһȥ
һȥȻһڡ
ţʵصͷ
´˳һ£ֺһ£ҲоʵӵĻһоѹòЧѵһ棬ֵĻһĶԱгֵĻ᣿òЧѵȥóһȥɱƺһõİ취
ãһӷֵȥCȥһȥC
ٴҡͷ٣ҲȥCҪȥB
ʲôһ˰˶ȣҪһȥB
ǣ٣ؽ͵CѾûּѹҪѹԵѹ٣ҵ似Ѿһƿֻѹ£ҲܹѰҵͻƵ
Уǳɴؾܾ˳һȥCսӻCѵһµʱ䣬ڶ²ŻȥBǸʱͱӡ
ûжֻǳĬĿһƬᶨҲĿᶨų꣬һҾǲͬı顣
һ٣Ϊ˳Ϊǿߡη壬ҵȥҩо
㡭
ȥɣ٣
ĬˣһӣԼӲѹĶ־ڵȴĥҲԭܹﵽ󽫼ľ磬ֻܹﵽٽ𡣵ǣһȥB̫ΣˡĽǽ
δµļѵУ̹ǲBCġΪ˷ֹĽ̹ɱҵսԱ̹ҪɱȥAн̹ǱBCᱻϾ·ͥд̡
ӲԹ涨һųǰB
òȥ
ĺܾᡣ


154 ı
١
˳꣬˳еĿ
ҲĻΪһǿߣΪѾһǿߵģĿʼƫƣԥ֮ڵͷã㲻Ҫ룬ȫҪŵһλ
Ӫһ֮С
ǸȮһɽ̸ξһ֮ĶһξʱţξԱ߻һξ
ҹǳӦóǧΪѫѾãǶźϸ˽⡣ͭ׹ܹ֮ﵽǧȫѹƺѫ֤Ҫѫܴ࣬ܿﵽǧ
ǧξ΢΢üͷǧѾ൱ڵĲˡʲôԭӵ˵㿴𣿡
ξҡҡͷûпʲôط֮Ĺ򡣡
ѵΪʹˣǱõ˼Ŀξüͷ˼ţ꣡ꡭ
Ȼξ۾һǰЩӴũܴϢ˵оӵ͵ʽͱܰʽ͵Ƥҩҩ˵һ˸ģĪǾ
ξ۾ҲһһоͺýˡϾǸߣǱһܴܹǧҲ˽ֻ͡һ˲ţоҩôǰһͷҾǰͷôֹͲ³걻ɱ𣿡
ξ΢΢üͷ˼˵֮Թ˳֣һҲǾóĶǻϲ̨棬ע⡣ͨҲܹӻڵ˵һ滪ҩоܲ꣬ǵֵʱ򣬾þԳͼ֮ģֻҪһҩоͲɱĻᡣȴǰߣôֻһԭǾǳ겻Ҫҩо˻ҩоԤϣʱҲںڹ˳֡
ܾҩо
ξɫһһԵǸξ۾ȴһ˼ǳҪ
ξֳһ˿͵ҪΪǿߣҲֻҪΪǿߵ˲ŻѡսΪֻʱǻԵսܹߵõ
˵ξĿξ似Σ
ξɫЩŹֵʹ̫ȭ
̫ȭξɫһ
ξص΢
ξüëһǧ΢ͨ似ҲܹܺѫǸһŵơӵϼѵʣϼѵսȺܹҩĻ˾Բܹɳ뾡ȵ˴Ƚ֮ȵ֮󣬱ؽܵصעҪɱʮѡ
ĿǸξϣ˵ɱߣŻʼCѵʱ㴩µȱķװսԱһ𣬽뵽CǸС˶ɱ
ˣ
ɱɫׯصĵͷӦ
ξټֻξҲ˲ɱһߵȱ˵µȱ
ɱͶɱïһ˫̥һģһ˵ȴرͬǶʮ꣬ɱѾξߣĵܵܶɱïȴֻһڵڰ˲ߡ
ɱһ˿˷ܣһֽնɱҡе˷ܡ
ڶա
ξ㵵ξĻ㱨̶һ˿ɱ⣺˵һ˽BսԱӽC
ǣ
ξֳһ˿Цͳ˵һ˭Ҳס
ϵɫ࣬ȥɱͶɱïн
ˣ
ξ˳ȥһ㷵أˣһڵڰ˲㣬һξȻǶɱïͶɱˡ
ɱһ˽B
ɱɫһ㶣̶ϵɫҲúЦ
̺Ͷɱï·Ȼξȥᰲĸ˺ӽ뵽BȻĸսԱԽɱ֮͵ĵص㣬ȥѳɱˡ
ˣɱͷӦ
ξֶξ˵սԱӽCѵ
ˣ
ɱï绻·֮󣬾ʹҵߣһֱȵ
ˣ
BĴſڣѩǡ׼һȥһܹǵĳɳһɱֱ֮Ӿ͸ǳˣʡñۡ


155 ׷ɱ
һͷųɨ˹ȷ˳ݣ綯Զ򿪣ǽB
һ뵽BһƬĲԭ
໡
ѩǷ·صأ˷ܵ׺УȻΧųرš
꼫ĿȥڲԭľͷΡȺɽ
ǣߡȥɽи߽׵ԡ
໡
˷ܵغһųŲҩľͷɱȥ
ֻڿʼʱ򣬳껹նɱ˲ԭϵļһڳѩǡǵȵɱһһӸѩ֮ٸѩһ࣬ѩǾצӰţȻÿͰ͵۾ųꡣ
ЦӴ֮һǵľ˳һնɱȥȥȥࡣҪȥѰ˷һ˿ʱ䡣һȺһֱӾʹǵ߳ȥ
ֻ˶Ż֡ϵĶĳѾûжѹɱ֮Ͱøѩǡ
ȺĶܹѹЩȺĶѩҲսһһǵսڷɿرѩǣǿһʮྐྵȻûгŵóеھΣƽʱǸԼûгԱ
BĴſڣսԱվǰ
ͷÿ˵ɨһߣ֮綯Ŵ򿪣սԱB
һ뵽Bɱ㽫ĿŲԭȥȴûмӰüë΢΢һ壬Զɽаѵ껹ҽ뵽ɽ
Ҫ֪ƬĲԭϾŴĶڵ˵ѾǷǳǿĶˡ
һ뵽ԭͷɽ͵ҲǶźܶżܹĽ
ôǿҲֻ·һ
ѸٵŲԭɱȥBźԶ֮󣬶ɱĸսԱԽõĻ͵ص֮٣ͬڵѸٶȵݣӿȥһ߼ǰչ
ѩǵٶҲǼ죬һһҲԼŲԭľͷɱšǣϾʱնɱξ֮ľڷɿ
ʱںֻɱȻ͸оëһΣӿͷȻףڼԶһڵԼٱ
ٶȡ
Ŀһ̽˫ĿǸڵҰзŴ
ʿ
ɫһ䣺Բʿ
ٶδʵмֻϵս¼Ͽǳʿξߵٶȡ
ξɱҵģ
˲Ͳ²⵽ǸξߵĿģֻԼٶ˼£Ųԭľͷ಻ɽɱȥ
ұ׷֮ǰ뵽ɽֻҪ뵽ɽĵμΪӣԭһƬҪҵҲס
ξʱҲ˳꣬иոһϲȴ̷˺ɱŲԭͷɽ񱼶ȥǲ¶һ˿Цӣӵõ𣿡
磬Ŀ˳ıӰ׷ᡣ
һ·ϣǿҲǶףʱԲЩ﷢ӴֻٶȽ˦رƽ˲ԭľͷۿžҪ뵽ɽ
ʱ򣬱ξѾ֮ľ˲ס
ڱн뱳Уµ״ȡϣֽͷҲϣоڽ뵽ɽ֮ǰǸξܿ׷Լ
㣡ٿ㣡
귢񱼣ǰɽҰмٷŴ󡣶ξѾ˲һס
һ˿ϲºݺһ壬γɽڵĴֳ˽ȥͬʱξѾ׷һȭųĺĺ˹ȥ
ʱľѾţ˷ԲʮףξһһĶ֮¡ڿУһšӿת˶ɱס
һǣһһ
̫ȭ֡
飡
ŶɱȻ٣ͬһڵһسɽ֮СһɴֻؿһƣɤЩ䵽˴֮ڣ̷񱼣ȥ
һʶξߵǿǿ͸ķ£ǧǺͶԷӲҲоԼ΢ˣ־סԼŷ£ٽ̫ȭʹ˼£ҲǶԷ֮С


156 ɱ
ɭп񱼣ϵظıŷ򡣵ȴ΢ͣ٣ȻѾɱ˦ܹоû˦ɱƾξнķ
˦ˣ
üͷһ߷һߴΧ֪ԼӲ˶ãջǻᱻɱ׷
ΪͶɱһ㼶ϣɱٶȶҪȥֻжӵزֻԽԽ
ಡ
δܽһĿյأڿյصΧïܵĹӳȲɳɽ˲ɵùϵҶ֮䣬ʧȥټ
ʱβŴӿ䵽˵棬ת齣ɱ׷ķ
ಡ
ɱӰг֣֮ɫһ㶣ȫû뵽꾹ȻͣһڳһҪԼ̬
ǣҲֻһ㶣ûаѳϡ겻̶ˡԣθû˿ͣ٣ಡһų˹ȥ
ಡ
â֣ٶ̫ˣöԤϡ
ɱĺëը𣬵һж̫ˣѷɽڿнɱԴ뿪˲ӣҰпһͷųͳȥ
˫ڵһ٣һ

ɱͷӳ߳˹ȥ
飡
ݺݵײһôϣǻѪɡ

³һһâѷɽֱ˫ȿϵڡ
һƨ˵ϣóһƿָҩ˿Уֳ˷֮ɫ
û뵽ôǿҲԵУҲҵĶ֪֡Ҷξ߻УأѾƷӦǾߵ߾ɣҺ߱൱ʲôΣ񻪹ͣҲûͳΪǿߡȻǿȴΪûкĹȴûвͻȵǿߡŻȥһҪ飬Ŀǰо߾磬ż൱ּߣҲܹƶϳԼʵ
һ֮
ƾ׷ɱԼǲԼȻһξɱԼӪ֮ǰһΪǸξ߻ѰԼǽԼӪأЩҲԲ뵽Լһڵ߻Ὣһξɱ»ΪǸξBʲô߽λȻٷB߽λĽףһżȻ֡ǣ磬ʲô鶼ܷ
ʼڴɱλ͵ҲǶףҲ١ó̵ܶʱ似õɿǵõȴǳ꣬ѩǡ
ѩοˣÿʳҲǶ࣬żܹһ࣬ʵڷɿֻʱ䣬ԭѾ۵úܲѩѾ쵽ͻƵס
һӰһٶֻм䴩еͣػӳÿһնɱһֻǡЩǶǶף΢ȫչͬһĥЩǿŷȴҧһƬ½ǡ
ڳΧһֻѩǣϢѾӽףЩľη壬ѩһڿҧ
ЩȴûȴѩȻʮֽӽףȴڶףЩ׾ǲûоԵѹơ
𡫡
һ޺ּ䴫һӴһ޺ͬһع
໡
ֻͷͻȻһУЩǷ׷ߣֻɲǼʧڴ֮С
ء
ѩ΢΢ӣ˻ƣŴ˻šͣѾѩʮϤĳܹ˻иоѩǵĽš
΢΢ӣ׵ͬһ˫ֽ˽۾΢΢ص˶Ĵ֡
ܹѾҪﵽ׵ѩǸоţûгֵҲһҳѾжϳһΪĽѩǾͲǽţǿ־ˡ
ûнŲüë΢΢һо΢زȻĿһֻӶĴһ¢ٵԼĽӣֻ˲ӵԼĽ¡
ಡ
ѩһһ
顫
ĳըһɫӰӵص״˳
ݣ
겻һֿڣȻһֻɽס
ɲһֻͨĴɽףңаףСưСۼףͷһ˫С۾ضųꡣ


157 
ԭѾ൱ڣһֻ״ɽףֻҪǸСưСۼ׾֪ķжǿ
ಡ
ֻɽβһ˦ų˹ȥٶȼ죬ͬһɫ硣
ಡ
ѩڴɽ׵ԾŴɽ˻˹ȥ
һһľǡãǡֵض㿪˴ɽ׵ĹҲͬʱǳõľ롣
ڿлһصƿڼХܹĲơ

һײڴּ𵴣ڴɽ׵նһǡֻ˫ַ飬ӾȻ
û˫ĿŴɽ׵ȥǴɽ׵ϾȻûһ˿ۡ
˻굹һ
ꡫ
ѩһҧ˴ɽ׵βϣûһֺͼӲĽĦ
ͷһеɴ˱Ľ֮ڡûȡܹһնɱ
֮Է;ɽԼδɵǸ̲۵Ĺ
˲䣬ڵʼ˫ȭۣʱǸɽҲų꿿û֮ǰٴ꣬ӴؿǣȴоȸղŻҪǿҵΣա
û˿ƶȫڰ˫ȭۣ˫ĿضŶĴɽס
ɽ׵һ˫С۾ԭ͸¶ģʳֻ΢Щ鷳ˡǣͻȻӳϸоһΣգһļµΣա
һ˫С۾ǳԻ͸¶һ˿ԻǰԼԼΪʲôһηĸо
𡭡
ɽŭĺʮֹ죬ʲôĴɽףɽ׻Ȼܹĺֱ˵ǡǳľǿ»ֱҡ
ɽ׵ŭƺеһ˿ηɢһ˫С۾·׹⡣
˲䣬ɽ׵һ˫С۾Ѫ죬ϵۼƺҲ˹󣬳ܹоһɢ˳
𡭡
ɽֺ˼ų𵴶Ѿʱ׼ų귢ҵĹ
δȴһ˳ȥ˫ȭ紸ԾԾԡ
ɽȻһתִβͬһֱų˹˲ɳʯ涼һ㡣
θûжҽŴŵأɸɽͽ˫ۣͨ˫۳˫ȭ˫ȭ紸ųβͺռƿ֮
ֻ˲㽫ԼĹ˼£ȫ˰˳ɡԭ㱬ѵͻȻʧѹڿռ䡣
䡫
ԭǧٹһȭȴǸǿ˫ȭеںʹɽ׵βײһɲǱѿʱѾһ򹫽
ɽ׵βڿмӹһɫĲӰ˫ȭ޵βײɽ׵ͱ
ҽһ̤һӡγڵһ˫ȭۣٵǸɽ׺ȥ
Ǹɽڿп˳κ˫ȭһ˫С۾ŭâڿһŤβٴδХ˳ꡣ
䡫
δӴɽ׵βϴʮ־޴󣬿ղŴɽײûóȫһ٣ӿеʱĴɽҲӿеצӽץ棬һŤǸִβٴһӰų˹棬һֵĸо
̤벽繭˫ȭغ˶Էںʹɽβײ˲䱬ըһĺ
䡭
˫ȭʹɽ׵βͲͣضԺţ˫Ǵɽ׸Ǵԣβͣ壬ͷצӲͣų귢Ҳǽ΢̫ȭʩչ˼ޣȭ֮ȫѸٻ˫ȭ֮ϣýţڽš
ж磬ȴ˿ںʹɽ׶ײ֮ʱȴ졣
䡭
տʼ廹ɽرˣس겻ٺˣʹɽ׽һʱڴɽ׵ļѹ֮£Ļĳ̶ڷɿѾرƽ˾ųɡ
Сʱ
Ѿʼһ˫۾ȴǳһ̣ͻ˾ųɡ
䡭
֮ͬеһȭֱӺ˴ɽϵۼףѪҺʧȥۼ׵Ϸɽ˳
ɽ׵ٴαǳȴûȥ׷ĵأȥ׷Ҳ׷ϣȴŴɽ׵ٴι
ɫȻһ㶣Ǹɽײûٴ𹥻һͷ˵ﲻˡ
˫ĿͣɨԼΧɽ״ԼΧͻȻܳ
һ룬롭һӡ


158 B
ܼžǳȴ˿ķɣˣȴûзִɽ׵˿ټ
Ȼˣ
úݺݵسԵһţԼ˰ʲôҲûеõתһ룬ԼĹ˾ųɣֿ
ˣȻԼһҪְɣ
°ţѩܵ˳Ľ£ͷȣԴǣ֣
ءЩίض˳Ľűߣ̧ͷųꡣ
ǰеһ㱬ôҾͰֹǱɣ۾ͷųâԣͽǱ
һգһ˷ӿͷͷѩ˵ǣߡǼɱȥ
໡һظųɽȥ
ɽзȴ֪BԭѾǰδе֡ԭǲսԱB飬ܿͱ֪
һֲĸоԵ޹սԱBսԱC﾿ʲôı
˵굱ɨ֧սӣֻɽȥ˶ԳͲκвǸս꣬Ǿ
ǣΪʲôܾЩᾢأ
üͷеֲԾʱԽԽءȵûмʿо͸ӵزˡ
ȥCĸսԱˣЩȥCʿƫƫBʿͳû˿Ѷ
ӪڵĽ̹پ۵һ𣬽Ŵ˵һ飬һ̹Ҳüͷ
Ǹ㲻ŪʲôƣǸû뵽лжɱͶɱïôһ˫̥ǣǻ˾ûеսԱǰB˲ʲôƣô˵ǰܲҷ
û뵽ǣǵȻӦ
ӪڵЩսԱʲôˣ
ǶǸ֮ӣһúܡһ翴սԱBȥʱǾͶסˡ
һЩĸսԱҲŻսԱBǾԲܹûսԱȥ״֮Ҳ̽еսԱɽB
B
ĸսԱںͼĽսĸսԱµȱеĶ֣һ˶ԸһﲢǺѡһӵʱ䣬Ǿͽĸնɱ
ĸսԱһʿȡ࣬һš
ξȥһôûл
Ӧǻûҵɣ
ǻСӻܹӵġ
ܹξǰûлᡭ
˵ĸ˵ɫһ䣬Ȼף㿴ǵĺӿ˴ߣǸսԱ
ĸʿһۣɫءȻսԱܿ㳯Χ˹ŶĿشĸʿɨ˵ǲһأ
ĸսԱɫ΢䣬еһսԱڳһӵǴбҪ𣿡

ڻսԱʮսӶܵĸսԱߣͻսԱš˫һ֮ƣսԱһЩĪҲԶԶվһߣڴҵսԱ֮䷢ʲô
ŶĿٴĸʿɨһߣתͷŻսԱߣ
սԱǳĬؾսԱĲԶɱʿȥĸҲȥĸʿΣȴҲû˿İ취
ͯս̧ͷһԶɽ΢΢üͷ䣬˵᲻뵽ɽ֮У
ͯսһ۵⻹𣿳Сһܵɽˡ
Ŷɫ΢΢һɣɽпкܶĽ겻ô³çɣҾڲԭ֮Уԭ̫ˣӦǻûҵ
ͯս佻һȻŶ㲻˽꣬˵û˿ѹҲֻܹѹԣһɽȥѰ
Ŷôǿ
ͯսһͷš
䣡ͯսüͷ˵BսԱȴֻʣĸѵǸսԱҲɽ
ܰҡͷ˵Щɨˮƽɽǲ𣿶һһ˶Խ룿
᲻ȱȻȥɱꣿŶЩŵʵ
ô᣿ͯսϵҡͷB̽ǣͲЯȱ
Ǿô¶


159 Ľ
ͯս̧ͷԶɽĿڣ˵䣬Ҳȥɽ
ãһͷսͷ˳
Ŷֹͯս̫Σա
ǳܿڷǳΣգǸʧսԱֲĸоͯսԶɽĿгǡ
ŶĿҲԶɽҲԾԾԾԡһµﻹҪ´󲿷˼ʿһСӣɽѰҳꡣ
ãͯսһͷ
ܿ˾ѡ˳ϸպûгԺһˬսԱ˽Ŷͯսպˣɽͦ
սԱнԶıӰһϵɫʮִ㵡
Ҫʲô
Ҫɽ
⡭
ĸսԱɫȴһ䣬ɫǴʱѾû˿İ취ʿǶúֻܹڴξܿ콫ɱҪûʿ֣췵ء
໡
һǺڴ𵴣ɢ
һѩ׵ĳëûһ˿ëһ˫͸¶һ˿ϡѩͻƵס
͵ѩгϲãգնɱֻ඼ѩǳԵͻƵס괴Ǳ֮Ҳﵽ˾ų塣
Ȼѩǵɫһ䣬ĺëϵë˲ȫըһһǵľǰδеĽţһһǶ΢΢˫۾ضǰĴ֡
Ľף
Ľ׵ϢȻǸﻹû¶棬ƾųУڶԷ￿һ˲䣬͸оһֳԽǿϢ˹
䡫䡫䡫
صĽŲд˳ǲǰצŵ档꽫ȫţ˷Բʮס
һӴӰڴ˳¶һ˿֮ɫһͬһĹԳ
ȻǰԳûеӰеĽôţҲн׸ߣǿ׳ʵ˼㣬ȴûһ˿׾ĸоصѹһ˫ͭһĴ۾ͷ׹⣬ڳϡ
˽еһڸɬҺԳѹ̫ˣÿһ̲űѵ
໡
ѩصŹԳȴ˿ڵȫɢ˳
䡭
ԳӴͬһСɽһųɿƽضĽŲƶڲ
ܿ죬Գʹ˳ʮ׾Գһжë΢еҡڳľɼ

ԳѾ˳ǰһֳֻųͷ˲͸оԼƺȫڹԳĴ֮£ͬһԼ˹
ಡ
һμΪض˳ȥڶͬʱ˫Ľ˳ŹԳĴи˹ȥͬʱһԵѩͬһس嵽˹Գǰſ죬ŷŹԳĽŲҧ˹ȥ
ۡѩǵҧ˹ԳĽŲӡ
͡ڹԳĴȴи
ѩǾûҧ͸Գ겻֪ȴ֪Լһȴû˵Գֻе˹ԳļԳë
һƤļһ֮ǰĴɽףüͷ
飡
һ죬תĿȥǱԳһŸ˳ȥҲ˹ԳĽŲѪǵڿзһͷ䵽̰֮ڳһƣŹԳغš
ݣǵ
Ƶؽûȡս˫ȭǱĹѾ˾ų壬ýһһ¡
Գʱȴ˳꣬ΪղŶԹԳһιͷ·ڸԳһ㣬˲ͱԳˡһ˫Ĵ۵һߵѩǡ
𡫡
ԳŭˣһССѩǾȻҧˣ̤ŴѩǾͳ˹ȥȫѳһߡ
ѩԭǷԣٶȼ졣ȲԳٶȺȴǳ˹ԳЩѩǵս츳ڲϵصɱҲ˳ԼٶȺݣȻڶʱӴĹԳûа취
ǹԳϾĽףֻףһǸոͻƵֻ֡ǼغǾͲԳһץס
ŭˣһͷˣǽһĹԳҲС
ȻһڵһֻХһش˫ȭӿȥ
ԳȻֻһ࣬ȴųĸ֪˲͸оһɼȵвıȻһֻһֱۼͬ糵һų˹


160 
Գ첲ûյĸǰǼͬһи˳ļȻóļһʹĸо
ڳľУԳ˫Ѿף־Ҳ˲Ϣһǰδеѹó꼸Ϣ
Գһźɨµƣ·ǰһжᱻɨɷ顣
ڹԳ͵ĹϸǲܹӲӲĽ׹Գ˵һ꣬ҲǶ֡
ǣŷԲʮ׵ľ磬вУȴ⡣бб̤һ̫ȭеһʽӯ
Գһ˲䣬˹Գĳҽһ٣ΰת˹Գ¡Ʊɹŵأ΢΢ȫͨұۼеȭ֮ϡ
̫ȭ乭仢
䡫
һȭڹԳ߹֮ϣǹԳӴһҡΣԱһҲһ֮ŭһ·һȦļ·˲˱ը˲䴫˳꣬һַֻ·ųһץ˹ȥ
ƲתԳץԼľצսȭڲȭսתڱۣϲƣȭ
̫ȭ
ȭͬһѾ޴۱һžž죬ڿлһߣһģĲӰٵŹԳȥ
䡫
һȭ׼غһιĹԳ£ùԳҡεһ¡
ιԳȻģȴֻĵİ벽ƺҲϴܵ˺ҪСȭͷ͹ԳӴһɲǣоԳְͬһ㣬ȻһȭԳ˰벽ԼȭͷҲʹ
˵ҰԽԽҲ⡣ȻȭϿԳûܵ˺ǳ򹫽Գڱѿˡ˸ӼŭŰޱȵƣͬõըһ̷й˳
˲͸оһ֮ıŰԼݻٶоһûеȵԳԼ˫űڵߣֻ˲˹Գ
˫ĿȻǣ˫ڵϺݺһߣαſͬһŻһشͬʱ˫ۼȻͬʲôδ֪ҪƵļⱬըһͬϸСĴ𣬼ٵ˫ȭ䶯ֻȭͷۿɼٶȱһȦͬɽŹԳ˶ͷ­Ҷźϻȥ
̫ȭ˫
һʽ̲صùԳȫëһĽҲ˿־塣ѾԼȫ˫ȭ֮С
Գͷǰܡܹһ
ǳٶʵ̫ˣҴʱĹԳȫڳľ֮Уһ˿˿ϸСı仯ڳľɼֻҪ΢ıһ˫ȭϻĻߣݺݵײڹԳͷ­ࡣ
䡫
ȻΪԳĶûлжţص˫ȭҲ˹Գͷ­ࡣǹԳþҵʹϮͷ­һƬ֮˫ĿЩһѣΡֻǿؽת˹˳ꡣ
һʽ˫Ѿеǰδеļ£Ȼսֵõͻơʱ䣬иɣڴӿĹǹԳԺת˲ҽŻۣŹԳĿھһ߳ʵﵽ۷塣
䡫
ڿһշ䵽˵ϣ˫һǰһΰ̧ŹԳȥʱĹԳĵˡ
˫һţͬһڵŶĹԳȥ˫ȭػ
䡭
˫ȭϵغڹԳĸĺԳ׵ˣųÿһȭһƬԳëӹԳĸƮ䡣
ֻȭǹԳë⣬¶غɫƤҴʱƤ֮ѾѪƤϸСѺۡ
ʱǱľѾﵽ˾ŵ˳ɣҪӽÿһȭ쳣Ľ׵ĹԳҲʼܲˣѾᵽһļȻûѣڲθѾѪ
ǾҵʹȴҲûĹԳ˹Ȼסĺ˵Σ˫мֻ޴ƾҪѳм䡣
һѳм䣬ƾĽ׵Իѳĳһ
ԳȻʲô似һжıܡҲΪıܣȴȻƴȴȻ
͸ղų˫֮ͬֻҪȳӵؾƺԣһ˲ҡ


161 
㣬ǹԳͻȻѣ֮ҵĹ̫֮⡣ʱҵʱ䣬˫ĿԲǰ̽˫ۼⱩǣͬʱ˫һڹǽڡžžһ죬˫ŹԳһ˫ƻȥ
̫ȭҰס
䡫
Ӿͷ˳ȥֱֻĵʹͬһ㡣ʮŷ£ʱԼɲ˫Ҫ飬˵Ҫ
𡫡
ѹĹԳŭ쳣ֻ󲽾ͳ嵽˳ĸǰֻ첲Ұ·ɣһʱóоһݺµơ
ݺµУֻܹþƿضŹԳĽȻҲʱ䷢
ѩҲڲͣعŹԳͳľһųɵľ˶ϣǹԳʱѾȫͷ­͸ʹŭ˼㡣ʲôʱС˹
̾һҲֻܹԼǱŵ˳ˡ
ಡ
ӳСȴɳһ֧̽̽ڳľ֮ڣͬһǹڳ͹Գ˫֮Ŀռ仮п˹Գʺ
Ҫͷųһ֧̽ɫȴȻһ䣬ԶнŲ̾ǲĽŲĽŲ
ɲҪ˱֪һߣһǸ̽ͻصСȴĽ֮ڣ귴ִӱγ
ʱڳĶдܳˣŶͯսɽѰҳսԱ
Ȼס˽Ųԭأǵпһ׸ߵľ޴Ӱ
ʲô
˴ʱͬʱظֳһͷ
ǾʹǾ޴ıӰͷϿһӰð˳ǳꡣ
ھУնһ׼й˸ղű̽пʺ˺ۣŶ̽Ѿп˿ڣ˲н˹Գڣ˿ڽһ
Ŷͯս˵ҰУͻȻԾ˹ԳͷϣȻһźݺݵض˹Գ˶ͷ­
ۡ
⡰ۡһ쵹ǳѹԳԴˣûôĹԭѾиʺĹԳôȫһߣʺѪӵӿ
ಡ
δӽ׸ߵĹԳͷƮȽ˵ϣŸߴĹԳ
ڳ걳ĹԳҡҡΣͬƽɽһǰ˵
䡫
޴˵ڵϣ涼Ӳһӡ
⡭⡭ǲģŶͯսʹգգ۾
ŶЩ˿ɲߣµȱеǿߣǹԳǰɢǿϢ˲֪һĽһĽеߣһǿߣʹǽ׵Ͼη塣
һǿĽﱻɱˣ꾿ǿᵽʲô̶ȣ
ûпö̽ûпиԳʺֻǿһ
ѵƾǰͨնɱ˹Գ
Ǻ֪꾿ֻ𣿶ͯսҹĸ࣬Ϊ֪һֱĲǴͳĹǾĸ
ѵһʼĹǿ
ʱȴͬûпŶһ㣬еббش棬΢΢ػζŸղź͹Գļ
͹ԳһӴߵĽǶʵˡǵõȴǼ󣬳ܺͣʱھУǱӾŵ˳ɱƽ˾ŵųɡ
ѩ˳Ľſκ͹ԳҲ۵ùǺǽ䱸ؿŶˣҲʱػͷŹԳʬ塣¶̰֮ɫ
ǿһĽﰡĽ׵࣬ѩôܲ۲
Сʱ󣬳ľˣ˫Ŀ˫֮оһվŶоһ
˫֮бͬʵһ㣬Ŷ˸о·˹
ͻȻһôִĹ˹ȥÿһǰϱһַ·̲ըҩܡ·ֻҪһǾͻܡ
ȻŶ˴ʱѾԳ꣬ǳɢȴ֮ӵһ˿־塣
Ŷ˵ĿͻȻһǷִʱȭһȦһξ룬ҲܹоʹһȦȭͷ̲űŰ
ʱѾߵǿ˲ܹΧĹǰȻǰ΢˵ֱȭڿлһĻǰĹ˹ȥ
䡫
е˶һǵҰȴûзеĳǵУǿùӦ۶ϣҲӦþҵҡΣȻҶɲŶԡ
ǣǿôȴû˿Ӧҡһ¶ûС
⡭ô¶
ǳҲӦӰ
䡭


162 
䡭
һӹڲɴڲըѣ˺ϱĴڳȭͷĵط۶ϣ¡¡صһߡ
⡭Ŷ𾪵Ŵ۾

³һһ˿ϲȻûаȫǱǾҵѲԶѾﵽ˾ųɾš
תͷŶˣ߹ȥЦ˵ôˣ
Ŷûлش𣬶Ǻѵ䶯һ£һ˫˫Ŀͬڿһ㡣
ôˣԻʵ
ָָڵϵǸԳӴʬɬ˵Ǹģ
ţͷֵʵղǲǿ𣿡
һμѵһĭĽף
ţٴεͷ
ڣһԵŶĿг˻ɡ
Ȼصͷ
ͯսĿǿѾµĹͬɬʵ꣬ղʲô似
ҲתͷǿõµĴ¶һ˿˷ܵԴһֹϧûȫɹҸһ֣Ǳ
Դ
ͯսɫһ㶣ղſףǱͯҵı书ЧȴҪͯҵıÿ嶼䱦ôԴģĳȴ˵ײһغ⡣
ʱŶѾ֪ǸʽˣԴ˹ֳ֮ɫжһ˿𾴵꣬һ
ˣ˵ˣЦ˵ǻûлشңôҲBҴɽ
ŶǻëȻ˵һ齲֮󣬹еʵ꣬Ǹʿǲ㲻ģû
ҡͷɱǸξ֮Ѿ⡣鲻ܹ˵뱨˵ȥƱر¶ԼǾߵݣƾʲôɱһξߣ
ԼҲûгԿعˣǸξѾԼɱˣһЩܹɶʧԣںĶԹԺԼ㡣
ûŶüͷʿôͻȻһˣ
ЦҲҲŶԴɽǲ֪ܻܲųȥ
Ŷ˼һ£ԲȥǸԽҲû£һͷ꣬ǸϽȥɣ̹Ƿǳ㡣
ãͷһȥǸԳڳ
귴ŹԳȥŶҲ˷ܵظΧ˹ѩ˷ܣΧŹԳʬһرš
ȡԳʬ׵ʿȻȡ˹ԳӸһԼ͵ѩǡһܣһھͰһͷСܵһ߿س
ڲݵһ£Ҷóʳˮһ߳һšŶĿ¶Ľ֮ɫѩǵֻ꣬ѩѾˣ
ţҲ˷ܵصͷ
һѩ簡ʲôʱܹշһֻͺˣصӣЩһĽ
Ŷôһ˵ͯս˵Ҳ¶Ľ֮ɫ
һȵѩǽǿԹ֮˴Ӳݵվʼɽȥ
زԭһ·ϣɱһЩлֻѩƺǿĽ׹Գŵˣֻǿһ࣬ȥûбʾһ˿ҪԵ
صٶȷǳ죬ֻһʱ䣬˾߳ɽڲԭıԵ
ԶżѾܹӰǻսԱŶЦ˵սԱûڲԭ룬ǵ˶ﶢǡ
˵Ŷֳһ˿ŭɫǵ̫ˣⶼũǱߵ˲ϹҶµȱʲôţģ
һԵֳһ˿Ц˵ǰ˴֮ǰѵҲˣũǱߵȷʵҪħǿһЩϾũǱߵҪغܶ࣬Ҵ˵Ǻܱ뺷
뺷Ŷ֮ԱǵҲûп˴ȡöôҫ۵ĳɼ
Цҡͷˣô˵ǶһսսѡµʱҾͼˣǲǹǿʱ֪ˡ
˵òͯսɢս⣬˵ҵǺڴǵļ档
ԣŶʹصͷ꣬ʱ㲻ҪȰũǰСӺɨһ˵
ΨпЦҡͷ


163 
ǵǰУܹԽԽӰЩȻҲ˳ǡʱҲ֪˻սԱΪʲôͻȻ뵽B֪һ˴ɽ
ǻţһڵսԱBɽ
Ǻʲô
ԸЩսԱеǿ߱㿿ɽɽһɱһߵų꣬ҪǸ꾿ǲǴɽг
ʱ˳Ĵɽгϵɫֳһ˿֮ɫٿ׳ѩǣϸ¶𾪺Ľӵɫ
ҲݣСӻһܽɽˣ
һųˣ
С̫ǿɽе
ҪҪҲɽԣ
˿ٵӪطأҲЩġսԱԭΪũܵû١ȻϸյסҽԺŶֽɽʵ͸ӵ
ɨʿʱ򣬳ȮһɱˣĲǱ˹ؽڣʱָж˲ϣʵ϶ԶսԱ
˻»սԱضסսԱ˫˻ǻսԱǳԿɡ
յʱ䣬ѾԶԶؿ˻ʿ˵оһǵҰУսԱսԱԶšģҪȺ
ʱԶĻʿʿҲɱսԱһǳ꣬ɫһ䣬͸¶ĸͶɱһȽBսԱɫ䣬ͣųȥоǲͽ֮ɫ
սԱ˳꣬ȴǻһһϾϲɫų˰Χ˹
ǺսشкȻĿɨսԱЩսԱڳԹĿôһɨһصͷ
ߣǻӪأ
ջĿ⵭˵ʮսԱȻӦһӪصķȥ
ղô¶߱ʵ
ʲô¶һսԱ˵˫Է˳ۣȻΪһͽ
꣡ŶдЦ˵Щӻûб°ҪȥӪ
۾ͷųâӪôߣҲѾǺɨ𣿡
ⲻһŶ˵ǻӪǻûȥ߹ǵӪǱȻǵӪǾһӲȨ
۾еĹâʤһξ׷ɱع⣬ǲζû
ǣ
ҿɲԽǶˣг
Ŷɫһ㶣ҡͷУй涨ܹԷߴɲָܹķˡ
֨֨
ֻһ󣬷һǽڱҾͰǶҽԺֱû˲μ˴ȡ
Ŷ˳һۣ׳ΪʲôͻȻôлǸˣԭһŵӣһ뵽꽫еսԱҽԺоͳһ˷ܡ
صӪأȻҪξȥ;гԴﻹĥĥȥɨӪء
갲ȫĻһóԼĶ棬ʵ꣬BǷʲô飿
ûУشĺܹϡ
΢΢üͷһ³꣬ɫѵģ㽫һ˿ȥų˵꣬˵˵Bľ
ǣ˫ַϥϣͦñֱڳؽBһһ˳ȻɱὲԼþɱĽ׹ԳҲὲ
ǣ¼ʹҲξ𾪲ѣ
СӾȻɱĽ׹ԳԴһֹ
Ŀ˺棬ͻȻվӺ˳վмԳֵǸǱҶһȭ
ǣ٣
ڵشֳ˷֮ɫҲҪԼǱǿʲô̶ȡ
Ȼǰ̤ÿһƺˮ˲䱻飬һͬ֩һӣӶڲ
Ȼһٹȱֱһʽ󹭲Ҽ΢󿿣ȻȭͬŵڵŶ˹ȥ
ȫѸȭͷһۣȻûƿ֮ȴĿһ
һȭδǰ͸оǰĿ·ء



164 ѵ
ξֻ˲ͷֱһȭԳ򹫽һȭӭųȭͷԻ˹ȥһǧ֪һȭ̲ŶҲûиҽ̫࣬Լһȭѳˡ
顫
һ޴ıֻȭͷ뱬죬ξֻһɾ޴ͻȻӳȭͷﱬը˳ĸ첲ڱس˽
Сӡ
ξʱѾһȭнһǧԵسԤϡ
ξĸ˵ǲ׵ؾƽĿ´ų꣬طֶܹã᲻Լ壿
¶̾ξĸ֣һӾͿ˲㡣
ξֹĿǰûз˺ԼףȷʵֳܹãԼְֻܹСʱͻὫڵһա
۾ӵסصͷããã
΢΢üͷصԼƺѰ˼ʲôΪѵ顣ﲻ֪ξѰ˼ʲôʵʵվǰ
Լһӵʱ䣬չüͷų꣬ҾĿǰʵƺѾòʲôֵˡ
Ҳ΢΢üͷô룬BĽԼѵǷǳаġ֪Լܹ˵˵ԼҪȥBרĽԲͬ⡣ûղԼڽߺ͹Գɱʱˣ´ӽ쿪ʼһ˶ԽB
ղѾ˾Ĳܹóһ˶ԽBڶһܵɽĽҲûŪɳ˽BĿģûŪó굥ж
жᵽһ˿ıܲԣҪóȥһѵѵͬΣգΣնȳħ򣬵ȴǿ֪Σգֻᵽı֪ʲôΣա
һ£
ξվȥЩĪξʧıӰһûףûûεһϻղźһȭԻ
ξȥʱаСʱҲŷ̴վ΢Цó֮ԼҲ£Це˵꣬Ҹ㰲һرѵ
ֳ˷ܽ֯ɫ֪ξŵѵһ򵥣Щڴ
ξɫͻȻ˵꣬Ѿ˺ܶ˽⡣㻹ûмսпᣡǳزпᣡҲֲпһЩȴ
˵̧ͷһ۳֪Ϊһľˣÿһµļ뿪ﷵصܼ֮ڡ
ص˵ͷξɫȴӵ˶ܹʱأٴͶ뵽սСȴżһЩΪĿ־ѡӱ
ӱɫһ㶡
ӱξɫ࣬˫˸ɱӱҲͰˣΪ˹ݳ޵Ȼ˷ĵ·
ɫһѾˣᵽʿǿĹԲЩֵܹͨġ˷ĵ·Ǿһѡ
ǻҲУЩŵʵ
ξ˵ͷУҶУһǳձ顣ˣ˵Щˡ˵˵ʵսѵϺۼһɼҵӱɵĺʵսѵȥμν𺣵ж
۾һѵ̼
ξһֽд˼֣Ȼݸ˳ļڣȻؼҿȻڵϰ˵㵽ǵǸطǸ绰סʲô飬ԹǸ绰ʲôطֻҪǸ绰ܿ쵱صפͻǰȥΪһ⡣סǹҵĹ屦ֻҪǲӱɱ˷ŻǾ;Ȩ
ǣ
꽫ֽһ˿ԻؼҿˡˣҲ֪ĸòá
ˣ٣ܹһȥ𣿡
ξҡҡͷУ̫ˣ滹һܡɡ
ðɣεص˵ͷ
̻ȥʰһ£һСʱɷɻ뿪
ǣ٣ꡰžһһתȥ


165 ټ
ξͻȻг
ͣ˽Ųͷξ
ɻصĺ󷽣Ȼȥ״һͨпĻֶһһֿԶһһԪСӿһ󸻺
һ󼤶û뵽ڵĻֵֻǮԼһ󸻺λȥøĸϺˡ
ܿʰϣȻξһֱͳ귵غ󷽡
պ
㷵˺󷽣ǰϤһУеУһǰѵǸʱֻƤڵĲȴѾڵǿߣǿľߡ
ȥ˽״һһ֣ǾһҡȻֱַڷ˼̹ٺ͵ѣ֮˲ȴŻ
ص˺ǾԻһѡγƷڸȻŷգǳŻһᱣܡ
ֻǵ˲һӣͼһ˽۾һ˲ֱų˹
磬ôˣǱ̭˰ɣ
꽫һΣ
ôˣڲӦǼѵʱ𣿡գ۾ʵ
ִһ񡣡
Ŷͷûʹڳ飬Ϊ͵ŮıܹʮġбŵĴǰһƵ磬ҪĶ̽⼸ʵݹȥ
꽫Ӵ򿪣澲ʮѶ̽üëһֳϲɫЩʵ磬ΪʲôҪĶֲ̽ǾߣĶ̽ɵú˷ѵġ
꽫ӸϣŻѹ˵һҪ㣬ҪӦұܣ㸸Ҳܹ˵
üëһؿųꡣ죬֪뵽ʲôɫ΢صͷɫΪ˵Ҳ˵
ҷԼһߣ
ʲôµֳ˾ݣ˲˫͸¶ϲЦӣųʵģ
ģصͷ
̫ˣ
ʹҡһСȭͷͷ΢Ѱ˼һ£ʵ磬Ǻ°ΪʲôҪܰ
˵һһߵݳ֣ߵһع⣬ҾͻᱻǿƲܹսΪһǿߡ
˵ŶĻֳ֮ɫ㸸ǿߣˣҾҪսĥԼں󷽣ΪԱ
Ҳ񰡣СӣЩõ˵ҲȥִģҵĻ䡣
ЦЦ֪ǻǲսǵҲûսϵսôƵ
ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
ҡ꽫ѹø͵ѾǾżˡ
Ȼ˵ԼѾͻ˾ƷǼʹҲûΪ𾪣Ҫ֪Ϊһ߷ĳţҲļʱҪȴﵽϾߵ۷塣ҪǣûĹ֮£ѿڶ㡭ôģ
Դ˾
㡭ԴһСѾ𾪵÷ס
ţͷ֪ԼӵǱܺ󣬾Դһ
˵ȡһU̵ݸ˻ҴĹֹܿﵽż
ӹǸỤһ𾪵֮ŮЩͰ͵˵˼ǡԴĹҪڵĹҪ߼
ü֮ŵص˵ͷȫǲš̴ԼСȡһ΢͵ԣỤȻʼĶ
ԽĶϵ֮ɫԽŨһСʱʱ䣬̧ͷݵų磬̫ˣܹߵĹܹԴ㾿ôģ
ؿɳϵΪһŰɡ
۵Сǣ仰Ǳ˵Ի֮Աǡڽ֮ǰĳ˵Ҳ֮Աǡǣ仰ȴһҲ̶óʸ˵仰
Uȡ΢͵һСȻųСʵ磬ǲҲҪܣ


166 ؼ
ͷʱܰɣԺ㽫ż֮ԽϽ磬˵ġ
硭
ֹס˻˵ûгΪǿ֮ǰõİ취
ҡҡ촽ԥһ֮ص˵ͷֽͯս͸ƿǱҩȡ˳ݸ˻ҰˣҪκ֪
ӹƿǱҩ۾һûֻͷԳȫţֻҪǳȥ飬ԥȥ
ֺͻһ֮󣬳뿪ˡ
ӵصڳһγħΧֻȻĸо
һֱܾͣȴųֱ֮꣬˵ɶС
ֱһˣзȥ꽫ӿαϱ۾͸ĸһĻĻԺطţһıý޲̼ĸ
ˣְ軹ðɣ
ԼСʱңֱеĵֱѾһüͣ˻ȴųꡣ
ڼճվһٽ˹ȥԳ۹Ǹٽһɨ֪ԷֻһͨٽڵЩٽҲٽԣߵǸٽǰ̡žһһٺã
ǸٽȻߣǶ黹˽ġɲڳǰд¶ԷֻһǳռѷѾǳزȶˣһռѷٽһȫڵйǰǸʱ˲ˣЩͨٽڳЩߵǰûκơ
֪оһЩߣרЩߵıߣʱЩ߽ΪһȺ壬ԲЩܹͨǵġ˵һٽһͨĴҲǲ𡣸οǰ˵ᣬδǾ󽫣̲ӴĻᡣԣǱͳ꽻õ˼ġ
񣬼æҲؾصػһȻ¶ֿЦݵǳɣ
ǣ٣
𣡡Ǹٽǰ§ųļҽ֣棬Ҿͽһ֣硣
֣磡ҲʶȤ̸Ŀڣһٽɼ䱳ˣ겻ܾܾԷͷŵ⡣
ã֣ٷ˷ܵųļߣ֣ӷ硣
ֳһ˿Ϊѵ֣磬Ѿûмĸˡ
֣ٷɫһ㶵¹ָ磬ߣؼңȻ簲ŵطͲĸһΪӷ硣
ȻҪύ֣ٷ壬Ҳصлл֣硣
۸ǿʲô
֣ٷԿųžûʻȥһ˴űʵȥģ
ƽҸĸ￪һС͹ݡ
֣ٷЦ˵꣬λòĸ͹˰ɣ˵ĻֵֺǮġ
Цţζһ˲ǮŸĸһҸǲ֪ĸԸԸ
˵Ҳǣ֣ٷЦ˼ǾͲԸҪҸĸҸеĹ
̫лл֣ˣм˵
ͲǸ¶ֵһл֣ٷ΢Ц˵
һ·ţԼһСʱҵʱ䣬ڳָ·¹սĸǸС͹ݵ֡
֣磬˳·ֱߣжٶ׾͵ˣ
˷ָܵ·ĿǰȥüͷͻȻڵһʹʻļճȥɵǰ˳ȥֻ˲ͰѼճ˦˺档
֣ٷɫһ˵ߵȴǵһμٶ𾪡ȻüͷҲʱҲ˲ԣھҵľ봦һҲ͹ݣʱŶʮģˣһŹ͹һϡﻩ
⡭ѵǳ길ĸĲ͹ݣˣ
֣ٷ̲һţ￪˹ȥ˲͸¶֮ɫ
ֻôһ򣬳ͬһڵһس嵽˲͹ݵǰ߾ʹһ󰧺͹ͷѵֻգ֮䣬֣ٷļճûпǰʮͶ̵ڵϣûһܹģֻܹҽС
ʱѾ˲͹ݣͼһӱŴڸ˳ͨͨˤ·ϣֻҪǸ첲ȵıΣ֪ӳļ˲Ǹ첲ˣȶˡ


167 ŭ
һòƻͷ˶߶µشӿ㶵ͳ˵绰˵ʲô֣ٷ建ؽ˾͹ֻʮ·ߣĿɨһڵϵĶʮ죬ӿڴȡ˵绰˵˼䣬Ȼ㽫绰ˡ
˳ʩʩȻŲ͹ȥ߽˲͹ݼվ˵ĸǰŮԱվڽʱĸڽŵغǳų꣺С꣬Ǹεġ
˵ͻȻųϽߣ뿪
ųһΣ΢Ц˹
⡭ĸ׼߽һٽɫ
֣꿴˸׽ŵɫæ͵ҵѣ֣ٷ塣֣磬Ұ֣衣
ãĸá֣ٷòʺá
ããĸĸŵ˫ֶ֪źá
İӣøĸ֣ٷ£ȻԼҲ£ʵ֣⾿ô¶
ĸ׳̾һΪ塣
壿ɫһ
Ÿ׵Ľߣˡ͹ݵķݲǳҵģھҵġĸ׺һǩĺԼÿķ򣬵΢һЩһҷǳ⡣
ǣֻǹ꣬ⷿ۾ͷˡӵķ۳һ˷˵ˣҶԱ˲١һҵͲƽˣо˴
ҳĸǷ⣬ĸ׵ȻԸ⣬ͬѾǩˣȱ˹ʱżô˵ڸоԿˣͼҪżңĸ׵Ȼͬ⣬˵ǼҲҪȵӵ֮˵
żҼЭδ֮󣬾вĸסĸҲûеض£ûм죬мңвĸ׸Ͻӵĸױ֮ȴǸûнˣЩߣˣЩ
ĸҲһƢ˵һ˾ָ͹ָ͹Ϊ׬ȢϱǮԳĸһֱŲߡ
żҵҲĹˣɴ˶ʮС콫ҵĲ͹ݸˡɸϳЩֻ˲͹ݣֻǸ˸һ⣬û˵ĸĸԳֱӾͰʮɱˡʮҲҽԺ¡
һ˵˵˶ʮӣͻȻ˼ɲž˺ģҳȥʹң˶Ҵȣһ
һվתȥ֣ٷҲվ꣬۸һȥǰСӡ
ĽŲһ٣תͷ֣ٷ֣磬ͲҪȥˣ㴩žװЩˣ˵ʮǼٸҲǰϵĲˣⶼ㲻ϡ
֣ٷЦŵͷҲã￴ţȥʰǰСӣڣĸ԰ȫ
лл֣磡ϵл֮ȥ
ĸĸԭס꣬Ǽ֣ٷһٽҪͳһȥʰǰ죬һʱ֮Щ޴롣˲䣬Ѿߵ⡣
һ⣬ʮÿﶼһѿŴһŻǰһͷʮһѿǰ棬˳ס˽Ų´ųꡣ
磡ǸղŴ绰Ļ챻˷һѾˣʱָųֵǸ˵ģҪΪֵǱ𰡣
Ǹ¶֮ɫݺݵ˵СӣҲ˭ѡһóһһ
еûܵǸȻûʲô¶ӡϡǸķϻͲһͳ˳ȥ
Щ˻ղ˵ڶҲǰϵĲˣⶼǡֻǼӵʱ䣬ʮ˰Ǹͱ궼̵ڵϣǸ첲ˣˡ
һصĻ죬ȵղ˭Ұ֣
ڵϵĻһųû˸һߵǸĸǰǸղűһ߶ȣʱ־߹ĳꡣ
һ飬ղ˭Ұ֣
ĿɨصĻ죬û˻ش
û˻شңǰɣ
һЦ̧һֻŲǸСָϣһ롣
໡
һزҽУǸСָ
˭Ұ֣


168 
ٴʵͬʱŷŵǸָϡ
ģ˭ɵģϽ˵Ҳ˵һȥɱȫҡǸˣغš
Ǹ绰Ļһ¡֪ȥֻҪȥ翪һʣһ˸ߴ硣ǸʱԼСΣˡ߶µ̧ͷǡҴġ
һЦ˹ȥǸڵϲźţͬʱغ
ɫ䣬ɻرƽ˹ȥ
վסȺĺͻȻһȡ
꿴ûǱ߿һۣǸ˹ȥ
վסûУ
ӷֿȺ˳еһͳǹ׼˳ȵ˫ֱͷ£
Ųͣƫͷɨһۣüͷ΢΢ǹľʶǳ͹ݷĸ磬ŹһɳȺɨһۣȻ˷塣
Ŀһ˿âȻǷһҵȻʹֱӵİ취ԼĸĸһҪһ̵Ľѵ
ջĿ⣬ɲǸȥŹɫһ䣬ױżֵ
ų˹ȥʱ򣬳ѾߵǸĸǰڵϵǸ죬˵ִֻģ
ĸţĿ˹ľ죬һ
˵Ǿְֻɣ
˵ǸȴǻһδȵӦһֻѾϡ
໡
һ֮ĲҽУǸѾȳࡣ
Ŷ
ʱѾûԶļȻͣס˽ŲĿһ˿־塣
ûǣǽŷǸϡ
໡
һ̴ٵĲҺǸֱӻ˹ȥ
Ķͷ˺ˮŹɫǺ죬ȻҲſ־壬ǸȴǷŭû˸ǰţһƬʵۡ˳ǰǹָ˳꣬ͷףȵ£

һĺͻȻӿдڷɿؽӽ̧ͷȥֱܾѾɵǵϿաջĿŲ͹ݵſȥʱ֣ٷѾſڣ΢Цš
ಡ
ֱܾϷֱһʿ˳ɿ컬£䵽֮ѸٵضǹŹΧڶǹڶ׼ǡһξ첽֣ܵٷǰžһ׳ŶӪһųΰ
ţ֣ٷ嵭ص˵ͷȥǼץ
ǣ׳
ΰžһһתųȥʿȵǵǹˣץ
ͬ־
ŹҪ˵㱻һʿǹˣȻϰһǹУһģһʺ˵ϡ
ʿشӾȡŹͼ
꿴һԼǰĿȺе壬ӹһ˿ٲŲ͹ȥߵ֣ٷǰϵ˵лл
֣ٷҡҡͷӦá
ȻĳļߣǽȥŰɡ
˵ͷִ֪ˣֱˣغܿͻᾪЩ뵽͹ݣĸ£ĸ׽ŵ˵С꣬⡭
û¶֣ٷ峯ųĸЦ˵Ȼ˳꣬Ҫһʲô
ǸŹǷĸ磬ҪǲƤ
û⣡֣ٷƶصͷΪȫӦñ
ʧҸĸܵľţ÷⳥ʮɡ
ȫӦã
лл֣磡
֣ٷ˰ֵ꣬ⶼӦõõġϵĴǲû˿ĹҪһжǺϷʵֻҪݣûҲõֽ
ҵݣѾк֪ܶ״ˣɫһ
֣ٷһ˿ǵԽԽˣϵİȻ֪мϵԱ֪飬ҹҲ׼ؽ¹Ȼʼȫ֮ڴģ顣
˵֣ٷɫԥһ£ջע⵽˳ĸĸûʳڡмؿ֣ٷһۣȻԸĸ˵֣裬׬һЩǮаǧҡ͹ݾͲҪȥˣҰЩǮǣס¡вס֣ԸǰŸɵĹ
ˡǧ򣡡ȫˡ


169 Сӡ
תͷ֣ٷ֣磬ڼ˼죬ǴġҸĸ鷳ˡ
û⣬һѸĸչ˵úúõġ֣ٷ̵ͷ
С꣬㾿ڲʲôôôǮĸڴ˹ŵųꡣ
΢Ц˵֣ڲӵĹбԭ֣֪İɣЩǮǺϷġ
ǰͷİɡĹ֪ǲӵܣܹ˵
ãã˵˵ĸͷȴ¶һ˿ġܹ鲻ʱ׬ôǮһǱܹĸ̾뵽ΣաĹһǳΣգⲻܲ׵ġ
ĸûжһ㴫ͣΰӰſڣ֣ٷ徴һ׳ίǺгˣ׳Ӽ
֣ٷ˵ͷվԳ˵ҳȥһ¡
鷳֣ˣҲվ
鷳
֣ٷЦ˳ȥֻǴԼӵʱ䣬֣ٷͬ˽Զеһ˾˫ųǳɣίǣǿ
ǣãҲæ֡
˵յһҡһɿ֮һҲų˫ֵгң
гã
֮ǿֱַͳĸĸοʣͬʱҲ˾ġίһദ顣Ź飬ЩȫѺһڳָʹߣὫָʹ֮Է
ãŹĵܵܣ͹ݵķҲܲˣ⳥ˡ
ǳûȥ
ίǺй־ֳ⣬ǿ˳̳֮ͬȥԸֳִ֮һҼ기磬лԵĸ˾ţҪ͸ĸһǺгźȥ
֣ٷİЧʿν죬ڶʹųһȥѡһװһǧķŸĸֺǺǵİҡ
ҾסһʽСֻҪǿʽС벻ߵƽվסĵطֻҪеҲȥסСΧھ˵ϳҪȥסˣһо¶Ľ׷ǰأһϳиöӡ
Ȼóʲô֣ٷһʿһ󿨳ܿͰѳһҰᵽ˱
꿨ǮԼǧ򣬽µǮ˸ĸеĶҲǳ죬ֻʱ䣬ͽ͵˳ǰ
ŹұڳܶΥ飬ѾʽȴĽĵܵŹΪǮҲ̾УҪ⳥ʮԪ
ĸջֻʮԪó飬ͲҪ׷Źˡ֮£ֻôӦ˸ס
ʱ֣ٷڱ̨ɳϣмϷһ衣
֣ٷ˫Ų豭ų˵Ҫ뿪ˣ
ţͷҪ鷳֣һֱ
С£֣ٷһڲ裬΢΢üͷǲں㣿
˵ͷֲ֧˶á
֣ٷ¶һ˿ĽԺǵˡ
ĬȻ
ϺС
ٽϺĳУ컹ûȫĴѾǵƺ̣ϰҹ˶Ӽӿ˳
һ⳵ʱѾûдװһװ
ξĵַӦⶰƵĴ¥ĿһзɨһҸӡ硣
Сӡ硣
ܼϵĵصˣ
˳ŰŶȥȻ˳еСӡǰһǳͨĸӡ磬ĸӡû˿
˽ȥˣһһŲֱ̊ԵĸǰǸŮ΢Цվӡʲôϣ
ûˣʵ븴ӡһ֤ٿǮһţ
ǸŮɫ΢䣬˵յ硣
ش𣺡Ϻͼ
˵˰֮󣬱ЩᣬаǸš
ʱǸվ
˵ͷǸ߽䣬ǸӽŹ֮ϵϰһ鼫Ϊӵĺ룬ǽϾѿһӣһƴСʾʾŴ㵽ʮ֡Ǹʾĸǰָɿʾϰһ鼫ΪӵϣͻȻ߻ȥ¶һڡ


170 
Ǹʾȥ˳Ųȥֻȥ߸̨ףĶһݡְһ°ťŴ򿪣ͷϵĵϡ˵ݡݿʼȥԼʱ䣬ܹʮ㣬вȣǹܵġ
Ŵ򿪣һխСȣԶһš˹ȥƿһΪĴͬһ޴Ĳֿ⡣ֿڴʱվĸˣ˺˧һеλ֣һúܺһʵˡһʮ׺û͸һֻĸо
ʱĸҲڴŽĳꡣᣬĸ˶΢΢üͷֳһ˿һ˧˴Źʽİ΢ЦǺǣû뵽һ±ӣҪֳһ־ķˣ
Ǹ׵һڵһбˡ
Լˣ̬Ҳûʲô仯Լ±ӲǲζԼЩϱӣǰ˼֮󣬱ͣĿ⵭żˡ
ĸ˵ɫ΢㣬˵һ±ϱ±ӣҲӦ¶һ˿ŭŶԡ±֮±һûսľ飬ڶ׳嶯ѧ˵;;Լ˲ܲ˵ļ
վǰĳȴֳܳĸϱӵоȻһ˿ѹ
һ˧´һ³꣬һ˿棬˵ҽж鳤
ꡰžһһ򳤹ٱ
°ʾԼȥѡһǹ
˳°ȥһ޴˸ǹеǸȥѾ˽⣬ǽһӵ;оѾԼҪ͵ǹе
վڴӵĸǰĿɨϵ˫ֿٵƶڿ˵Ӱһͬһڳָ衣
γõ˫ǹٶȸӵؿ١
һ룡
һʱ䣬װһǹҰĸ˶ϱӣ۾ĺܡȻܹѡÿһǡôϵܹװһǹ
СӲǹеŵİɣ
ʱ򣬳꽫ǰѴǹŵϣ˫ֿʼϷɿƶš
ĸϱѾ͸¶ȵ𾪡ѡľȷǹٶȣѾǸ˦˰֡
⡭һ±
һ룡
ֻһʱ䣬װһ֧΢ͳǹ
ĸ໥һۣԭĸϱһ±ӣһ
⵹ǶԳӣ±Դ嶯رЩеµ±ִʱ򣬳ָӵ״ⲻ±һ˵ΣգΣա
ǲҪһ֪ˣʵʵǵǲָܹʲôֻ֣ҪҾոˡ
ԭ׼ŵȳǹ֮ڵųǰǹڳǰ¶һ֣һ£ҲʹﵽǸĿġ
ǡ
ĸ˲˵ųǹ뷨ǲǸԷŰûô
꽫ǰ΢ͳǹϣ̧ͷɫ֮û˿Ľ
һƽ
ǳƽ
ȵƽ
·ΪһǹٶԭӦôһ㡣
ƽ̬ĸϱҲɫ΢졣ĸϱӼװǹҲɰס
ǹڽ밵ɱ΢ͳǹȴԶЯʽɱǹеʮʺν𺣵
ǰ̫ˣһ±ľǹϾܹԵϵ䣬Ϳѡǹͺǹٶȣһḻϱ
ǰĳĸϱһֵĸоףϵľ顣
ָоʵǡ̫ˣ
žžž
ղǸ˧˧ɫư˫عƣ¶һ͵ɫ

ͣͣ
ָָͨʿͣӸ¡
Сӣе£ҿǹ
겻֪ԷҪôǹȻƽŶԷǾȴ߶ȼС
ԷɢվڳĶ棬˫Ȼش࣬Լʮҡ
ͻȻûмԷεľٶбһǹѸٵ̧ǹ
飡


171 Ľ
һӵų꼤겻ǿӵųͷƤͷƤȥһ㡣
ԳʵѾ׼£ҪӵѣЩϱҲܹ׵ض㿪ǣԷѾҪУǹˣҲˡ
ûж㣬Ѹٵץϵņ̀ǹ
飡

ӵײһ𣬷졣
飡飡飡飡飡
ǹ˵мײ𻨣Էӵӵȷڿء
Լһ㲻⣬ԶԷҲһЩͣԭܹǰǹضԷӵںǹҪԿǹٶȳԷԷöԷԼӵû뵽ԷٶҲǼ죬һǹȣȻûóٶϷ
ĸϱɫζˣַӦ;׼ǹѾ±ķˡǺܶϱҲ
һ±ôģ
žžž
žķͻȻĿȥǸ༫ΪʵųƣеЦݡ
СӣǸĴǰĿ˳꣬˵
ã˵ͷʼڻۡ
Ҷ죬ڵڰ˲㣡
꣬ڵڰ˲㣡
Ҷɫһ㶣̶ֳ˲ãĵξôôһ֣ǹٺãսʱҲ
̬ɣ˵Ҿڵڰ˲һ㡣
ҡҡͷǰЩȻԼȴԼҪĶѡԼʵԿӵˣȴܹӶѡ˵ҵܴ󣡡
ܴ󣿡
ҶЦˣǾܴ
䣬һѾ˳ǰһȭƿյ˳ꡣ
еıó˲֪Էֻڵڰ˲ҲûǱط˲佫ڵڰ˲㣬һȭӭŶԷȭͷײȥ
һȭбı졣Ҷɫһ䣬ֱӵеβ֪
˵ڵڰ˲㣬ڵڰ˲Ҳֹ
Ҷֱ۶һ£˲ڵڰ˲㣬һٹӿ
һıը죬Ŀһ
ʱ˵ȭͷ֮ľѾʮףԭ㱬ĳ깥ȥȭͷͻȻ
ԷƿյȻǿó֪Է˲ʹǱǲִ֮ȴܹʹǱֻǽǿһ򹫽
顫
һ죬۶ܹ˵ȭͷ֮䱬һȭ𵴲
Ҷһ٣ֳ֮ɫ˫΢ҡһ£ûк˰벽
ԱߵλϱɫˣǵľȻܹղҶѾһ򹫽Ͳڵڰ˲Ҳڵڰ˲ڵڰ˲
겻ڵڰ˲ôԽ㣬ڵڰ˲ϣ
ڵڰ˲㣿
ҶɫѿоԼƭˡһ±ƭǼֱǶ衣ȷƭһҪúýѵһ٣Ҫ֪սѵ𾴡
˵ҵܴ󣡡국˵Ӧڵ֯ԱɣҵĵӦа취õ
˵Ŀתһ۳̧꣬ϵֱϰһ¡
ꡭ
ǿֱѸٵرΣһ΢ʾѸٵؼһ룬Ȼֻ֣ɨۣȻ̧ͷĿǳųǳ꣡
ǣҸղѾ˵ҵ֡
˵Ǹҩĳꣿ
Ļһ䣬˶𾪵ų꣬͵ųͷҡͷ
ǣص˵ͷ
ֲô󣡡Ҷ³һ͸¶һ˿塣
꣡ߴһ似ɣȻܹ似Ҳһ
˹ֺЦЦҽŵ¹ʵҶ죬ֻڵڰ˲㡣Ȼ൱ڵڰ˲㣬ҾͰѹƵڵڰ˲дһ¡
˵űų˹
ȴغһԷ֣׼ΪͬһƫԶɽĴũ񡣵ǳȴ̽ߡ
һֵĺ·ȴžṦһֵĺȴĹ츳Ǿˡһ츳˱似ֵľԻʹࡣ
ֻдһ£ŵ¹󺩺Ц˵Ƕǰɣں֮ǰҪ˴˽һ¡ɣ


172 ķת
ͷʵʵ˵ֻǧٹ
ط
ĸϱһ𾪵ų꣬һͨڵڰ˲ӦֻǧŰٵǳȴǧٹֻƽǿ֮ʱȴܹͻһ򹫽ֻط˵ͨ
طʲô˶ܹѧģЩطһЩУУȴҪĻȥһ͵±ôĻ
ĸϱв͸ˣ˳ıһǳǿ󡣿Էһƽˣֻƽʵǳǿ
ֻҪŵ¹־Ϳǳ֣¹ǳͨ˻֮󣬻ǳĿ̿ࡣȫƾԼĿ̿ӵڵڰ˲ʵҲΪĳĿ̿࣬Щ󱳾ĵĿΪǳ걳֮һǴ
ĳӡ̫ˣ˵ᣬȴ˵ʵǹеʾĲӼᶨҪѵһ³֪ʹбˣҲˡ˾ˣҪϱĵ̡
֣¹ɫɷǳĺ񣬽ͳһǧٹм۸꣬似ȭһ似ʱ似۷壬θӵԵƮݣ
ȭ
רаټ似óﳬˡӵƷľڲʹþʱ򣬷ӦҲࡣ
ղźҶӲһȭɫҵ֮δɢȥʱǽ֮ѡյ似ϵıϢȻŶײ˹ȥ
ŵ¹еսⲻסڣϢǰƣ͵赲¶һ˿ӵζ꣬ʹúһҲζվͬһϡҪ֪һ±ӺϱһϱͬľҲɱһ±ӡ
û˵鶼û˿ı仯ֻϵƸӵ͡ԭվţƺȫ¶ȴͬȫ塣
֣¹ͻȻһƮ˹
Ʈ
似еһָֻ繳ųʺ˹ȭеὭ
ҽǰ˰벽ֻ벽ȫļͬһ㼱ٲڵĽͬһչȭһը죬ưغ˶Է֡û˿ǾһҪѶԷơ
ƾһǰҵ˼㣬֣¹ȭȫ෴һȭһŵ¹ͷһ𣬾ϱҲĿ
֣¹ȻѡͳӲƴǲǱ似Ǳֵȴ쳣һƬƮֵ̬ôôù졣
ҽ΢΢һתŵ¹˳ƾ͵˳ȥһȥͣ¶һɽҲ·Ҫ߷
ͣ͵˼㣡
Թ۵ϱ۾գһգ
ǴӳϿһֳȣͣ磬Ե
Ǹ似ڳ¶ɣʱĳͬһѰԵգˡ
ѱ֣
ŵ¹ٴŽ֮󣬳Ĵֱ˳ȥͬһǽųƵƿ
ŵ¹ֻٴζȻȥơ˫ȭ˫ͬ쫷ĺ಻ŵ¹ȴͬеһҶ۲סƮҡ
ϱɫʮֵɣȻӳϿŵ¹Ѿȫ·硣Ƕܹŵ¹Ҳ·磬ȴû˿ĻҡռϷ粻٣Ǹ͵似Գ˹϶ֲ˶á¶ֻҪ΢һ˿½֮ʱ
ѱڿлûлŵ¹ȴ졣һĿУұͻȻŤͬһߣȭͷͷıʧȭͷŵ¹Żȥ
ȭ붴
֮ȭȻһ䣬׵ĸоҲù죬ͬһ߽ŵ¹
Ӹ֮˲ת֮û˿ϰֱ֮仯һӾʹŵ¹࣬ͬͷȭͷѾ˾硣
ŵ¹λˣǳͬǰŵ¹ɫһ䣬֪Ҫȫܿ붴Ѿܣҽбһˣ۱㳯ųȭͷ˦˹ȥ
ȭƷ䡣
顫
ֱۻڳȭͷϣƵֱŤһ£һһת
ȭ˿


173 Ӯ
ŵ¹д󾪣ҪǱס󣬱ƾǣ˲ܱ÷ǳܡ
Σ֮䣬ŵ¹˲佫Լһ򹫽ڵڰ˲㡣ֱͬһ䣬һ˳ųֹ˹ȥ
žžž
һ֮ײ˾ŴΣ֧ͬ໥ִܼһʹ˿ľ·Ҫɢ
һ򹫽ó겻òס׷Σŵ¹ȴûˣų̤һ
ŵ¹һʮּҲòѾʵڵڰ˲㣬ܹܳ꣬ϱӺڣ
һʽ֣ų߹ץ˹ȥֻҪץ߹ǣֻҪ˲ܹ߹
ۿϱɫˣŵ¹ŭˣѾʹӵʵ
ŵ¹ָͬɾֶĹӣų߹ץȥռ˼Х
ָδץ߹ǣѹͬ׶Ѿ·̳Ʈ˵ͬʱǱѸȫȫļܼزڵĴͬһǧڱ˳
ŵ¹ųĺ˶ǰʱ״ȫ˹˳ˣŵ¹׷
ɲǰˣơµǣڵͬ籡ճڲϵ̲صͬһըҩͰڵĴ֮һ졣
ȫٵȭУеһ㡣
ѹѹ
顭
ȭͷ̲űըͷ˳˵˫˲ײһŵ¹źֳʹָ̫࣬·Ҫϵһ㡣
ʱǱѾȫһȭδ䣬ڶȭ֪ԼһǱͱսپطܹ־ãջû׸
ǱٶȺ£ŵ¹ѾȫûܵĿܡοڷƳ߹ǵһʽ֮ʱͱ˻ܳ˼ȫûг뺷׼ʱѾܹ˻ΨкͳӲƴȥͲܵ⣬Ҫֿ񱩵ˡ
ԣŵ¹붼û룬ܵؽ˲ڵڰ˲㣬ﵽһǧ
顫
˫ﵽһǧζײĳóδӵʮң䵽˵ϣһ·ĵصˣײӣʮײͣ

곤³һ˺ˮ˫Щ΢΢Ŀŵ¹
ŵ¹ֻǺһסΣȻóͳһһǧϾһڵڰ˲ߣǱȻܹŵ¹ƽɫ屾Ŀȴŵ¹ԣŵ¹ֻǺһסΡ
ˣ
˵겻ɵӣٽȥǱŰ䡣䣬һƨһԵһϣشŴڳһٺ̬
ŵ¹¶𾪣꾿Ǹʲô±ðģڵڰ˲ʵȻܹԽڣڣֱսڵߣԼ˲俪ڵڰ˲ľͻᱻǰ±ӻܡ
ֲ̧˲ͷϵ亮⺹ˮ۵ģȫǾġܹںƣ֤ȷʵʹطҲ֪طܳ־ãǳԭ
ǣʹҲ㹻ˣ
һڵرóȫʵҪʵ΢һȫܱɱ⡭̫̬˰ɣ
Ǹ˧˧Щ߰ų¶˵ЦݵСӣ治ͨ˿ˣҽи߹󡣡
վûеȵ˵鳤¹ղóȫ˰ɣ
ŵ¹ܵؿһ۳꣬Ȼ˵ͷʵǿǲ֪ɱΣ
Ŀ˳국˵ɱûУ
ԺѸٵֳԼɱ˳ⲻܹϣͻ鷳Ǹɴҡҡͷ
ĸϱϾ㶼ֳһ˿ź˵ξҪͨѪ
ҶߵǰĳļͶˣ꣬ΪһʵǿֻҪûмѪܹΪǿߡ
˵ͷ֪ǰĸϱѾԼܹ͵͵һɲִУԼƵıչˣԼǸ
꣬ı˵𣿡֣¹Ҳߵ˳ǰ


174 ħ
һ̯ҵıûб
ûб֣¹еûбôط㲻ûڹİɣ
ȻǹģһûиǸ̶ȡЦ˵
Ŷ֣¹һͿģųꡣ
Դģ΢Ц˵
Ŷ֣¹ͬһͻȻסӵѼӣס۵Ĳš
¹󣬳ûʲôղѾֶͨοĵһǳԼΪͨļͥ
߹ֳ˶Գ𾴣ų˴Ĵָ
ˣֵ˵˵񡣡
̰ǾˣȻ֪ɡ
¶֮ɫرǶԳ⡣û±̿ѯҪ󣬶Ǿվһһϱرʡ
ֻһ֣ɱ
һ仰ڣ͸ŨصɱԭԼɱ˺ܶɱĽҲɱˣѾ߱ϱʡǵ͸Ũصɱ֮ʱĿһļⶼܵ
ЩͿֲû˿ȿֲӻҪ̣ЩֻһֶΣǾɱ
Ŀɨˣرڳͣһµ꣬ûɱˣסҪ˿ͬġɱһˣǾǾһȺˡ
ǣֱͦ˼
Щве˶ߣֻߡǵƷߣûξټߡ
ĵһ˲ҲеԭξټѾӵ˹ǰ;ȻȥЩӱӦöͻǰߵĲпӳȥġѾܹ֮ΪߣȻẠֻ̊́ܲǶߵĲ̡ΪӱѾʧȥǿߵġ
ƹһٽϺСѾΪһҵĹҡ
ҶԵ˥ܣһֱƮҵϿաװͻ洦Լ棬ڳҲ⡣
ԭѾҵӿưɣɻ𱬣ΪһĹȡ
ۼɱֲ֣ӣǿС͵
ﷸã
ȻҲиҵ֯Աɱ׽ñشӣǹ̾Ҳʱǰӵĳ̶Ŀ
͵ɽ˷ƹŵ¹뿪˲һ㿪һճ˼ճŵ¹㿪ճʻȥ
ŵ¹󿴵ֵԼһЦ֪㵽ģ
ţͷ
͵ģ
͵ģ۾żȺŵ¹û뵽˺˾Ȼ͵
Ҫƭˣ߹Ц˵
ͷŸ߹ʲô
ң߹ǳйʵЦˣһҡ
ġЦ˵һְҵƭӣ
ŶЩҡ
Сʱ򣬼ճͣһ̳Աߵһ֮ͬڣ˵Ա
˿ٵضԱ֮ų˵꣬ᣬ㣬һ˴ǰԽȥǴȥ
ͷûЩΪʲôֻ֪Լע
ڳһƣĸ˰֮ǰļƻܿڳʧһԼװԼľ˷ԲʮףȷΧûһˣŽ̽ǹ΢ͳǹս磬ҲҲһ
һоͶһǹһеǹʧӰ٣·дûǹһ㡣
ص˵ͷ߳˺ͬ˳Ŵһ¥˹ȥ
¥ڵһĴڣӵõǣŮ˶֮ɧζͬʱƮɢѪȵζ
¥滹һ԰ڻ԰ĴŴȴûڱ
ܣһȣÿ˵ж¶ž裬ҶЯ¿Яˣ·˸о֣ЩĿ¶ɱҪѳ굱ˡ
΢΢üͷһʱΣ֮еĵطһֱСģʼ˷Բʮס
һƹһƿӣѾͳǹָ˳ĺԡ
ۡ
ǸûüǹͱǹüĴһѪͷŲŵĿ⣬ˤڵϣ˾ƿѵΧЩ϶һ䣬ͬʱӿߵĽŲ
꣬Ƿ򰡣ֱħ


175 Ϯɱ
԰еС¥һĴڡ
һŮ˫̵ֱһŴϣ˫ֵѪͣţ˳δδ˵ϡ
һӵŮӵ˫ȣŮӵβʶš
ÿһʶǸŮӵһܣ˫ҡΣ˫ֵ˿ѪҺŮӲϵذţ¶ſ־塣
ģŪʹˣһСɫ΢ڵķƹ˴ʱһƾɵɳϣץסһŮӵͷӿһȭǸŮӿõȻְǸŮӵͷԼĿ£ٺЦ˵ˣ
ǸŮؿͷһһµص㶯ţѪҺĿвͣ
ĸŷΧһӴƣӡڱŷɵǵİϹӶ
ǸڽŮʶӲ̵Ц˵ӢĹӶɣ˵ŮɪҪǰƹǼߣŴĽǮҪƹĸ·Ҹɵңɪʲôʱ򵽴ŵء
˼ˣһʹ죡һţѾѷɵĹӶ뺷˵ǲ˵ģӶйӶĹ򡣡
ĺͷ֮һ
ڵڰ˲㣬Ȫѷ촦ӱֶβ̵Ѿ˱̬ĳ̶ȣܶΪѾ
Ѿںݺ꣬ɱǰٵӢĻǽĶӲ̵ɱ
Ȼŭ̹ӶһֱպյĹӶǰϺȴ֧պյĹӶɱ⣬ʣµľ˸ˡ
ŭˣŮɪչԴżľߣһ֧Ӷǰƹͨƹļ֧֧
ɪգݸ߹òһ򿪷൱ھߡӢײзǳߵĵλ
ԽˣԽȤȤܹһòĹѹ£ֻҪһ룬ԼӲ˼֡
һëѾͷڹȦ÷ˮЩСΧתΪԼ˲ãȻҵ
һ۸ղǸ˵ĹӶǷһ˿һʹ죿ǻ᲻ʹ죿
ŰĿЦڷصЦõͳ·ӵд
ҪΪǹӶأһ鵽ǵź˭סȻһһǽ
Ӷɫˡ
ҪҴͷ͸ǸɪյĴ㣡
ǲ֪Ĳ֪ǸӶɪչľʧ֮ô֪
ǺǺǡʹʶһ壬ǸŮһʹ˻С
ҲôΪΪɪƻҲ֮ǰѾ֪
֪Ĳ֪ǸӶ˻г
ಡ
һɵ׼ǸӶ塣
໡
ǸӶһĲҽУͫѾʧȥ˽࣬Ѫӿ˳ҲôѪ
ʶ壬شЦš
ȻһһʵǸŮӹӶ˫ؼס˴ֻ˲̧ϵķɵȻ˫ǰ棬ɵâŴʺȥ
顫
ǸŮӵ˫ֻûǰȭͷͬһߴм˳ȥ
ǸŮӵȻ˴˳ȥԴѾѣԽ˳ʬصˤڵϡ
ļȻµˮ˲䱬飬ڿлһӰ㵽һӵĺ档
ۡۡۡ
ĸƵŷˣͷðѪѪһڵϷŶ㿪һӡ˵ӵȴǸӡ˷ɵءȻӡѸٵض
ֻһ˲亣ȥˣ˫۾ﻹ͸ã
ӵģǴġڳ궯ֵɲǼ䣬ԵЩᵽΣա
꿪ǹɱˡƾԼж˹ȥΪĿǹ˳һǹǳŴȻǹĸŷˣһǹһӡˡ
֣һӺ棬ͷ
Էٶ̫ˣ˷ӦֻҪ΢һ˿ŷٻ˶㿪
ҶԷܹϢǱû͸¶˿ɱһĸ֡
Էʲôˣ
ѵǿɪչˣ
֮⻹᲻ˣмˣ


176 ֱ
ʱҲһĽǶӸղųٶᵽ˼ΣաԵˣͶʮ
ÿʱжȡǹĿĹˣҪֳ˳֮ǲǻˡ
֪ղſǹʱǹӦѾûӵȴû˭֪Էǲǻһǹ
ꡫ
ֻһ˲ÿ÷ǳڼžĴֻӵʵ̫
ǡӵ
ٶҲ̫˰ɣ
ȫ˷Ӧʱ䣬Щųų껻ϻʱ乥˼ҲȫӦ
ÿжһ
֣
Եǹ֣
ָֻ˼žƺܹЩһصź
ͬʱ˶Ŷȥȴ˿
ʱվڳĴ룬⽫ͶӰӡ˴ĵϡǣʱûһҴӺԴľӴͷ˽ȥʮ׷ԲһسľС
ǹϢ˳ȥľǹǹڡ
ۡ
ͨᣬžĿռĺ
һӡȺһ֮ǹ죬˿ԼֻҪԷͲԼ
ǹǿӵǹܵ˲䣬ǹڵľظıӵеĹ켣ǿӵڿлһߣĹӡ
ۡ
ǸӺӡȺĶһѪ
Ŀһ
ӵȻܹ䣿
ĿѰţʱ壬ĺﻹǹûκ
Ŀмϣһ΢ͳǹ
ͻȻؾû˽Ź㵱ΧɱҲʮֵ侲ѡǣβ֪Ϊʲôоǽš
һԼŵƽһҧ˫ȻһţӾʹӺ˳ȥ
ಡ
һӵڿл˸ղŴصĵطպôܳȥʱĶžͻᱻ
ಡ
һӵ˳ȥڿһٵķ̽һֻץסϵ΢ͳǹűص˶Ǹ֮
˳ԭӦ˷ܵȴ÷ŭԭղųӵͲǳģǽһŷ޺Ǹŷ޺ʬʱѾ˵ϣŴðѪ
ʣƽشӴŴ
ĿתԼߵӡȺұӺķƹ˵϶ֳǰδеĽš
ǹʣӵҲָƽ
Ը㹻ˡǳ꼫Ϊƽ
ǾԿ˽е΢ͳǹ
һξĶ䶼زţʱ׼Ŷ
ǸӡȺͷƹȻƣֻ˲Ͷˣǹһ΢ͳǹվڴſڵĳŭӵ
顭
ſʧ˳ӰܼӵХŴӴ˳ȥɫһ㶣һ֮䣬ӵӴ˽
Ͷڴŵǽ⣬ľǹڣʹӵı˷Ĺǽ壬Ӵſڼ˳ȥڳķԲʮ׵ľ£ٵתȥ
顭
ûеȵӵռ䵽ѾѸٵػ˵ϻӵ˳ȥ
ĵһþɳĺѣѵӵÿӵһ׷ܵ·ߡ
ۡۡ
ǸӡȺͷƹ嵹˵ϡ

ڱصõһӵϵ΢ͳǹס΢ͳǹˣȴסһ
ͬһгһس˴ţʱٴλϻĴѾһȭ˳ǰ
ĶһѪۣӵµĲˣֻǲһҪ˴
ôȷŭԴΪδ˽ӽ
ֹ֪꿪ǹǹԶΨһܹĻǳųǹŹ֮Ѹٵؽӽ꣬ͳⲫ
֪꾿ʲôʵǾڳȭ£ҲùʲôӶûмͲ׵
˴ţ˳ʱһֲš
Ȼ˵ᣬʮɣ
һʮ˾Ȼɱ£ҪҲ󶨣һˣֽǹϣΪһ߲ȥ


177 
꿴˴ȭͷԼмٵطŴȭͷûлȭѾϵļʹ۾ЩŲ
⡭Ѿǽӽξߵˣ
θӲӣ
ڵڰ˲۷ٶ̫ˣ΢Ҳ΢ǣ˫ۼӳʮǰֵŴѸ͵һȭ
顫
һȭЯʮصغڳ˫ϣоԼͬһ۵Ļ𳵳ײµǣÿһµĴʯ̾͵ƽ̨顣
߲֮жȥ˴ȴɵֵסӿӵ
˫ͬһ㣬ûǿ͸ķ£ʱҿ϶˫ͷ顣Ҳóʹ˹
еǹѾɵ˲֪ڳУڼٵطŴ˹
˫ǰһϣоͶһ΢ͳǹǹ˳
΢ͳǹӵٵ˳ȥٵӵǳľҲܹơǳǹлӵܼ׼˴
˫׹Ⱪǣ۽ǵļ˲ѣ˫ȵļ⼱α飬ͬһֻݵѸһһ߶΢ͳǹӵһ߿ٵųƽ
ֽǹս治ǹ
ʱĴѾд󶨣ӸղŵһȭѾ֪ʵҲǸոͻƵԼǧ๫Լһ๫
һ޷ֲĺ蹵ܹסԼһȭûˣֻһͣǾһʲô¡
Сӵı򵥣ȻŵֵԼ๥ķ¡
ǣˣ
ӵѾˣе΢ͳǹŶ漱ٱĴ˹ȥ
㶼ûж㣬Ϊ̫˷ʱ䣬³ͳһǹӳһȭǰ΢ͳǹȥ
顫
ȭͷѪ꾫ЮԶԶس˴߾ˡꡱָѾˣƤⷭɣѪĽ
Ŀһݣ׳ӳ΢ͳǹΪʲô˾޴ûʵ
ǣʱѾ˲࣬ǳ
ҽŵĴʯһ壬ʱѣͬһųŵڵų˹ȥڿһӰ
С¥һ㴰վˣҶ졣Ǹղڶ¥˷һУǹ𾪵˶֡
߹ŵ¹ԺӵĴԵϣĿɿڴؿųʹļ
ʱѾ嵽˳ĸǰһףͬһֻܣļͬʱըѣ˫ȭ˫ڿвӰ𵴵ÿһı
ʱѾ׼ȫչ棬΢չƮݵضŴĹ
ȭȻûд򵽳꣬𵴳ҲӰ˳жòż̧˫۵ֵȭͷÿֵһζóʹ衣
ڵȣһϢʱ䡣
鳤ҪҪæҶʵ
ҡͷѾﵽ΢ʱܹӦֹЩڶ¥ڻʮų꽫ԺӣǾͳ֣ؽһ򾡡
ʱҲǳʹۣǰ˲ǹãȻ΢Լܶ๥ա
ģСôģֱһ̬
ŭˣŭ˼㡣ԼȫǱŷ˳ٶȸ죬ѾʹǱȭͷϵһ㣬ѰŻᣬѹ£˫˷֮ɫԼǱ
ͻȻ۾һ˴ԺӴС¥ʮˣÿ˵ж΢ͳǹ£ӵ

ʮ˳Ժ档
顫
Ĵڵһߣѣź󷽼ȥ
˲ͷӦ˹ҪԼ룬ЩóǹԼɱ
ȲǱٶȣӵ΢ĳȴѷ϶١
顫
ʯɣͬŵڵŴ׷˹ȥͬʱֶһѽǰ
ڵȵȡĻᡣ
ա
ǹͻȻȴʮĺģҶ죬߹֣¹󷢳ġ
ʮ˼ֱͳ˰ӣվԺмûκ壬Ҳû뵽ﻹˡ
׷ĳ꣬ͻȻһظоһּȵΣ˳жһѽ


178 ǹ

һ⻪Ͳҵֵ˫ڵߣμԾΧǽ£һݾΧǽ֮ȥ
ղǹһ죬Լµ£֪ﻹҿе͸ͣϵѡ
顭
ǹ죬ڿб任һǶȡǼʹˣҶ죬߹ŵ¹ĿӵҲŻļðѪ
һΣԾΧǽ˫ڵߣΧǽ˹ȥӿеһֱ첲Ǵĸ첲նϡ
ԺǹѾͣʮĺֻ˲㱻Ҷ죬߹֣¹ɱӰӸԵس˳ųΧǽȥ
ಡ
Ӱٵӹ˸ǿڿѾ˴ܽһֻͬͬѸ˺ͬ
ͬԼжҳһʮ·ڣĸͬ
Ӱܿܵʮ·ڣһұߵĺͬ˹ȥ
˵Ѹټʮ·ڲʮ׵ľ롣
Ȼ伸̵ıըӺͬų˹
˸˼û˿ܵźͬߵǽײ˹ȥ
¡
ߵǽ屻ײ˺ͬǽһߡ
䡭
ըըˣö䶼ʧϣߵǽ嶼ը̮ͬĴһƬ̳֡

ͷ˴ש˳
ޡ
ʹſеĳͬʱ
Χһ˶ûУ߻ܹŹشס²Լѡı
ˣ޺޵һĭ
ޣһĭ꣬ʧܲ㣬ѾúܺˣҪǡ
ͷųԼľаǺǿӵоǸûܵĿܡ
Ѹٵ뿪ܿͳһѰˮϴһһ£˵ղҺҶ˴̸Ծ϶Դ˽⣬ôˡҴӸղںͬӦ¡һὫɵ
˵ݺݵһҧǶϵ˴ûܹģҲ⡣
Ҫô߹ʵ
̧ۿ˳һ۵ǸʹӶɪƹʱ͵ص㣬һȥɱɪաּǡ˿ⲻǴԸ񡣡
ǿ˵
ţͷѾӽڵڰ˲۷壬һҪ˵ʲôͻƵξΣ͸ˡ
鳤ҪҪɸξǰŵ¹󺩺ʵ
ҡҡͷûպβǰβպáȥ󣬻ñЩһЦ
ԣ߹ʿЦ˵µβ;Ǵ
ߣڣϰţ;ȡϵһڵؽɱͬǵļƻ
˾һ񣬰ڣЩ˶жǳرôˣ˲ըը裬ɱͻһӡ
Ǽƻһ£֣ҵע˹ǾԹӶڷƹ֣ϮɱġһɪչϵǣҲܹĶǻ治֪ȥ
ĸ˶׷׵ͷ
˿ҵ·һԺŵ¹˵¹ȥŪ·
ŵ¹վ˳ȥСʱͷ˻һŵһϣĶ˳
궨һʲôУµ¡
Щ鳤ģЩҶġ
ȥԼ·ȡ˹Ȼ׷׻ϣһװģر͸߹˳ʿͣʵӣɱŮӵС
Ҷ촩װҲһ׺ģӺڵֱ˴硣ŵ¹װȴһȴһĹӸ硣
ˣһһ˵ȥסʹڴƵ꣬ǷƹľƵ꣬ɪչһס
߳˷̳һŵ¹֪ʲôʱŪһХŻʹڴƵʻȥ
˸Կһ䷿ȻͶ뿪ˡ֮ǰ뿪˺ͬ󣬲ûлȥǸС¥ʱѾûǹ֧ԳҪȥǹ֧


179 ˲
ڷƹѾûǹֻ֧ҪǮһжǹġ
߽һ꣬ĿĹˣ̨ǽϹŸǹ֧ϰһ׺ͷ΢΢ЩձĿʱȴһ㡣
վ˹̨ǰĿɨ̨ںǽϵĸǹ֧Ϲ޺Цݵǹ
׺ߵ˵ͷȡͺŲһǹ˹̨ϡظǹǰ׺ȻĿһͼųѸٵǹһǹͱһɢڹ̨֮С
ûеȵǸ׺߷Ӧ˫־ӹ˹̨ϵЩӵʱ䣬Ѿһǹ΢ЦʵҪѣ
׺߼ѵһĭԭһӶ˱￪һꡣǲӶʱ򣬻ǿ⼸ûпһǹǹٵˡ
ֻҪɨһ۳еǹ;õǹƺʲôǸоǸооǹĿ¡һĿ¶𾴣˵ѵˣǹҪһЩǹܹԪ
˵ͷ뿪ʱһЩԪͻҵֽСǹںϣȻ̽·ﶵװӶȡǮȴǴȡǧԪӵ˹̨ϵǧԪӵȫװɵϻ
ãԵȡ׺߽ǮȻȡӵóһ飬ȻųһϻȻװ䣬ϵӣ˫ֵݸ˳ꡣ
ӹ˺ӣŰ׺òЦЦת뿪ꡣ׺һֱųʧеıӰͳֻ˵ʲô
뿪֮󣬱תһͬڣͷſ˷Բʮףûעʱ򣬱㽫ǹ͵ϻսڣʩʩȻشӺͬ˳еڴŻʹڴƵȥ
ʹڴƵһٽ¥ǲʱ˳ŽֵŴȥ͸زŲ͹ɨšٴλϴʱŸ߹ŵ¹
һóһּЭĸоһ߹ʿһ̸Цʵ˹졣
߹Ҳ˴ĳ꣬ŵسų֣΢ЦͷߵŴ˽ȥŸ߹ŵ¹ȥ
ڸ߹Ķ£Ŀؿ˼߹ŵ¹Ǳ̲ס¶΢Ц
߹ŵػζеĸ߽űѾĵšСڵһڣһ΢ЦضԳ˵ǲǾҺܸ߹󣬵¹һԵԵҸӵظ߹󣿡
Ц˵ͷ߹Цú֣ʿ˵ΪʲôԸһԭ򡣡
ۡʵûסЦ˳رǿŵ¹һ͸ӵ̲ס
һŮдõ˹ʵҪʲô
Цָָָ߹еľƱǸŮдְҵ΢Ц뿪ˡһһ̣һѾ˳ǰǱѾط˳ǰȻȥ
Ʊһڣર죬еȲζϲͰ׾ơ
߹΢΢üĳȲߣ
ţʵʵػش
Ҫѧϰߣ߹Խ̵Ŀ˵
У֣¹м˵ΪʲôҪѧϰߣģ
߹ӵؿһ֣¹Ȼ˳꣬һһҪ롣ܹĳһϡͿعһӣǴװҲһũ񡣡
ũôˣ֣¹Ų˵ҵǵһũԼһׯ԰
ҲǵϢ߹ܲ˵гűӡ
ؽӿɳĺϣŶĸ߹Цʲô
ң߹ư΢Ц˵ҵǳΪһҡ꣬Һ˵ҵļкܶղأ˸ʮꡭ
͡Աߴ֣¹ЦЩΪ˸õƭˣ
ŹֵŶĸ߹󡣸߹治ɫ˵ҾҪΪһʵƭӣҵȤ
˵֣¹ƲƲѵһģ˭֪һС͵
ҲС͵ŵ¹ŭصŸ߹˵ٱˣָһַǳмĹ֡
Ϳǰˣһ³ʵˣ͸¶ʿζˣȻһƭӡһò亩ˣȻһС͵˻Ǹ˲Ŷа


180 ż
߹ŵ¹󣬶˳꣬˵˵룡
ûԥĿᶨ˵Ϊһǿߡ
ǿߣ߹ضųӣӳ̬ᵽ˳ҪΪǿߣɫ࣬·ߣ
Ŀ˸һ£߹̬Ҳ֪߹˼֪ҪΪ񻪹ǿߡŸ߹صص˵ͷ֪Ѿ˾ģ
ҿó߹¶͡
˵ʲô֣¹󺩺¶⣺꣬㾿Ϊʲôǿߣ
սǿߡԥ˵ԼĿꡣ
ͣŵ¹۾ų꣬ȫû뵽Ŀᶨôߡ
߹ų˵꣬ҪΪսǿߣôһҪڶʮ֮ǰͻڣﵽξΪԽԽкôڶʮ֮ǰܹͻƵξ
߹ͣ겻ɼʵô
ڶʮ֮ǰ㻹ܹﵽξȻҲܹͻξУҪﵽսĿͲˡ
ĬȻЩ׸߹˼̽ʵ˼˵˶ʮ꣬ǱͿˣ
ǿ߹ҡҡͷǲܹס鵽ʱˣ˵ѾǶʮˣܹоÿͻƵõǱЧڽ͡ǲܴﵽ۷ġ
ĬĬһ£ԼĹڵҩӦڶʮ֮ǰͻƵξߣһԵ֣¹ͻȻųļ꣬㡣Ŀ̫ǿˣζ
㣿߹бһŵ¹˰ɣ
ŵ¹󲻷صһ۸߹Ҳ˰ɣ
䣬ӴЦȻ߹˾ƱԳ˵꣬ҵΪսһ죬ʱɱ˸硣ʱ⡭
㲻ҪΪһ𣿡ŵ¹󼥷˵㲻ϲ黭𣿡
Ȼ߹԰˵ǮͼͼǮ֡
ޣŵ¹ӵһ
ʱ򣬴ӵ߳ˣ߳˴˳Žֵǰȥھ˵شʱһŮӲؿشһۣŲһ١
شӴ˹ȥĿȴʼ˳ϣ¶Ż䡣
ۿ߹شǸŮȻס˽ŲתȥΧĸŮɫԵһ£ȻǸŮ׷˹ȥеһŮӺ棡
ֻǰ˰֣ͷҲص½˻ʹڴƵ꣬ųλ˹ȥĸŮ໥һۣҲ
澶ֱߵ˳һվڳǰʲôҲ˵ֻǶų꿴
߹ʱѾظоˣֻǲ֪һ̸Цţ·֪һ㡣ֻɵ£˶һɱ˵׼
Ӹǰʱȴûж֡Ϊûдϸоɱ⣬һŨŨϲáȵ߹ŵ¹󿴵ôֱؿų꣬߹ŵ¹һۣ˵ж¶һ˶
ʱҲ̧ͷվԼǰ棬ɫ΢̶͸¶һ˿䣬۾۾Ҳһ˿Цݡ
ǡС˫Щȷ
ţ˵ʹͷǳ磿
⻹м٣ҲվôͻȻͰˣ˫أ
ҽȥӢ⼸Ҫ֪һˣ˷ܵ˵
Ҳ˵Цţһ˫̥СС˫誽д˫ڳСѧ꼶ʱǼͻȻᵽ˳һҵĸڡദʮѺãƽʱǸڳƨɺͷó
Ҳǳϲ˫̥Ǿǽ棬ʲôóԵĶҲʡŸ˫С˫ԣڴ˫С˫۸ʱվǰԴ˫С˫Գǳ
ǣһʱֻ꣬ϳʱҾͬͻȻһͻȻذˡû˿ѶϢóѹ˺þãû뵽С˫
ܿģС˫Ҳܿġ˴ʱԼĶѺѡʱ˫ֻű˴ˡ
磬ôˣ
ŶΣ
ΣΣգգ۾һ˿ɡ


181 㻹ұֵٺһЩ
ŶʱҲЩӦ˹ǷƹĿǰҵļ֮һô˵ΡѾ˵Σֻ˳űȥҺͼѶΰߣҲûʲôĿģߵȥֻοͣû˻εġ
磬ƹһεĺõطЩĵ˵ͦͦŵģȻңһᱣ֤İȫ
㣿ЦıϹһµһǳ籣ģʲôʱԱˣ
汻һ±ӣû˿ĺߣл¶ҸĻ䡣Сʱ򣬳;ͽıӡ
һ˲䣬˷·𶼻ص˹ȥ
С޲£
ΧĿܰ
߹ŵ¹˵ӡһӲʲôʱ飿
ĸŮʱҲס·Ǳʩ˶
Ҫãʵ
죬¡΢˼˵
̫ˣҪȥģ㡣ȸԾ˵ҽҲԼˡˣȥҼҰɣҰְҲ߶㡣
ãʹصͷ
ɫͻȻһ£̬Щ˼磬Ҳܹˡ
ţһ£ղŻ˵ҪԼһֲˡȴû⣬˵ҲģǴġǱЦ˵û£С˫¾ȥæġ
˫üÿһɫЩᣬͻȻɫֳЦݵ磬ҽӢҽ֮ǰ⼸ҿԺú㡣ҽ֮󣬻ῪƻᣬʱμӣǲͿһ𣿡
ӢĿ˸һ£С˫˫ӢʲôҪƻ᣿
Ŷƻ᲻Ϊҽ㿪ģΪɪչٿġҽǿɪչıڣҰְҲΪµġ
߹ŵ¹һۣжһ˿â˻Ǿﲻûпһۡ
Ҳûȥ߹ŵ¹һۣŶ¶ЦݵҲãһûмʶΪٰؾƻᣬС˫ۡ
硫ֵ˵˺ü䣬óĶΡ
ȿȿȡ߹
ʱԼڱΧۣɫһ죬ضԳ˵磬ѣ
С˫Ҹһ¡
Ļ䣬߹ŵվ΢΢ʩһȻʿ΢ЦСһ˿ԣλС㣬ǳĺѣһңи߹󡣡
ʱŵ¹ҲɳվӱøӺϵɫЩнҽŵ¹һũҵңٺ١
ǰһڣˤ
ũҵңرǻںʮֺġٺ١㻹ұֵٺһЩ
ҽ棬Ǻáòغ͸߹ŵ¹кȻתͷΪѡ
վĸŮûмҲܹĸ˵ݲ򵥣ɢŹϢǣʱĸɢŹϢȴһľȣرǳֹӵʱ򣬼ǵӵһءϸϸǰгСҲûʲôʵĵطֻһЩˣϲûйϢ
ĸһŮʱĿ˵⣬һһСҲҹıӣ
Ŀɨĸˣоĸ˵ߵϢֻǲ֪ǰĸﵽʲô̶ȡǣֻǹ۲վ˺۾еľ񣬳ܹ϶Щ˿϶ԼĶ֡
ʱֻг꣬ߵĸѽܵúܼ򵥣еܣֻǽ֡
кŴлΪ˼ƣЩûãôͻȻ뿪˻ˣ
һЦ߾ͳ˵СѣΪһЩ飬Ұְֲòصڴһζʱ䣬ˣҰְ־ʹ뿪˻Щ궼ڷƹû
΢΢üС˫ߵôôûУ
Ұְ˵ֳһ˿ΣɫԥһµʱЩ
ĬȻʱҲһЩƲ⡣İְӦǺڵˣҲǵ˱׷ɱ⣬ǳһǸʱͨͥһȫϵˣİְΪ˽۳һңŲ
һȡֻüëһ¶ϲãų˵˵磬ҽĵ绰


182 
Ҳ¶ϲɫֳ䣬֪˫ǲɺС˫һģһ
ĸͳϲõı飬ɫ֮ЩΪȻ
ѾˣǻһͨˣһҺͳһһʱھӡż
ʵҲûʲôǶߣúͳͨ˸Ͳһϵˡ
ǵĸ߹ģǵͼġ
ԳЩʱû䣬Ҳǻ䡣˳֮ǶλܿͻȥϾݺͳȫͬ
ǣǰǾ뷨ǵ뷨ܹͬԳĸ
ⲻü˳ζʲôһͨˣƾʲôӮĺøУʲô
㣬˭ҵĶ棿潿۵
ԣ
绰ͷƺ˵һ֣ˡǱߵƺæ˾ǳ磡
ǰƺû˵ġ硱˭ƺһͷҲˣЩ˵ǻĳҸ硣
ֳЦݣЩ⣬绰ǰһҪ˵
ӹ˵绰˶ߣҲЩ˫
㣿ǰѴһУ˫ֻİְֺͳУ껽˫˲Ϳ϶˳ݡûеȳشǰѾͼҴҵ˵磬⼸ǧҪ뿪һȥҺͻƹʱǺúþ۾ۡм£ѵ绰С˫ס磬һҡ
ƵĻ˳˵ĻᡣҲʮ⣬誼ͬɪǰƹʱȡҪԳҲ̽绰ݸ档
̽ӹ˵绰ߴߴغ˵ŻŶ澲ЦšߵĿ⿪ʼӵزơ棬һֱӢƺСӲ
һͨˣƾʲô
໥һۣǻһȻǳĬֻǽһ˱˴˵˼һˣˣ꣬ˣȻ󲻺˼뿪ƹ
߹ŵ¹Ҳһ߹һ񣬵ĵȴʲô鶼ˡ
ƾŸ߹ŵ¹Ľôܻ֪Ҫʲô
һ˿˷ܣһ˿ڴ
ЩӳıЩϱѹܴ

ֵ̫ˣЩϱ硣
мСҪҳ鷳ǵҪļ⼸Сͳ䣬Ȼû˿ģǵȻܹǾͬвһ㡣ǣ˳겻ó򣬱質ɶģ
һ뵽ⷽ涪˱Щ˷ܺڴ͵̬
ʱѾ˵绰ųҪ˵ȴԱ̵Це˵߾Ͱ
߹ŵ¹һЦ仰һƽʺȴ塣ֻҪ˵Ĺ̵֮Ϳ˵Լݺ͵λ˾ѹó̧ͷ
ҲЦеų꣬·Ҫͳ꽻һ㡣
ѾǸսĲˣô᲻֪Է˼ղȻһֱ绰۽ǵ⻹ǿĽԣȻܹ˵˵ʵǵЦ˵ûһֱĴΡ
̵ĿһûһֱĴΣѵļͥȻ߼壬ȴһ
ʱͲܹԼĹλȳˣ˼Ҷûй㻹ǹ˵ʲô¶
˵Լû̵ֻֿܣһҲһǲмȥеǮȻһֱĴΣҲˣǾֻǵڶ֣Ǯ
̵εЦЦ͸һһλң
Цҡͷҿɲңǿһмҡ
΢һüͷļͥǷǳ˽ģסڳҸ꣬ô᲻˽ꣿ
ȴЩɫһֱȫһܹͨͥѬճġȷǰ˾ǳ꣬ġ
̵
ʱӲԶһѰȥһŮ
̵һӴɳ¶ֺõЦӭȥ٣ôˣ


183 
٣ļѶɳվŲٴк
ٵϴŵư漸˶ӭӷ·ԭӦһ㣬ͬһЯԼ
СҲڰôۻ᣿
߹ŵ¹۾΢΢һУӲ·̬ѾԿ϶ԷҲﵽڡҲǵľ¡
ǣ̵Ц˵Сһѡ
Ŷٵؿһ۳ˣĿֻڸ߹ͣһ£ڳŵ¹ֱӺˡ
٣̵Ц˵λѿɶ򵥰λңλмңλũҵҡ
͡ߵǸŮ̿Ц˳
Ҳˣⶼʲô˰ңмҺũҵң
ǼҰǺǡٵЦг˼
꣬߹ŵ¹ʲôˣȻЩûûٿǲһۣ˻˾Ʊһ
ٵɫˣ籡ŭҪǸղ̵ܵʱ˵ѣ̾ͻӸˡ
ŵ¹һֶֻžƱһַֻڴϣָûţһֻ˲Ŷõ룺߹ҪҪ¶׷ɱ飿
߹źƣڴû룺ѵмɵСӣȶ˵г굲ţͿ֡
ذһۣû룺ѣ
߹ŵ¹ȻʧЦ
̵յ˲ٵĶ˵˼仰ٵ۾һ̵˵ͷ̵תͷųЦ˵λԶǿͣȻСѣôǵѡʹڴƵɲһƵô򵥣Ҵȥ档
棿̧ƤЦЦؿ̵
̵ĿһѵСӿԼҪ֪ܹͨ˳˿Ҳš
뵽̵ϵЦݱõλ᲻Ӱɣ
̵̵
С㣡Ƶ˵Һ⼸һʣҪдһ£ѣС㲻᲻Ӱɣ
ɫЩԥڷƹҺǿǲҸǿҪԳ겻Իȥֻ꣬˵Ҫų棬Ȼ֪پԲĺд꣬ǱϾϱֳѵ̬治ܹܾرڿɪռ֮ʣʵǲܹ鷳
ΪѼ䣬ȴվЦ˵ǾͶлˡ˵Ȼסû
ã¶Цһʹ졣
䣬Ҳ꣬תȥ̵ҲЦȥǰһųĸ첲ѹ˵磬ҪСģǼҪŪ㡣
ﵣģȴһܡʱ汧ųĸ첲ΪҪ߳ٵ˵ı㿿úͳܽǰͻ𴦱㶥˳ĸ첲ϡ
һƬһɵӳĸ첲ϴ
Ӳһָоĸ첲Զ
һоʲô˺Σȴûƿӣɽųꡣ
ŽŲһĸ첲ɱغǰͻĦһֵĸоҵӷ·𱻳ȥ˼ֻû
Ǹٵʲôʵ
룬ƺȻξѣʵղź˵
ţͷ
Źֵؿһ棬һ˺Σڳûζãظ˸ղŵ⣺Ǹʲô
ڳĸ߹ŵ¹Ȼǿղʧ״걳ӰҲЩ죬û뵽ôͰһСŮԵʧ񣬸߹вЩߡ
ѵһʣ
ǷƹһţǲҵĴӡ
ƹһţ꿴һ۲ıӰɫûʲô仯ʵأ
пǰļ塣˵
Ǹɪչô¶
ɫЩԥ磬ɪչЩΣգͲҪˡ
û£ֻǺ棬ǲġΣյҶܻء
ǡðɣ
ѹɪչ򵥵ų˵һ飬΢΢ͷ˵Ǹɪչ͵ƹˣ
ţοɪչǰƹһȡѾǲҡ
ףͷֻҪǸңҲôġ


184 
ԣ治һЦܰѲڷƹڲĵϣһôأ
꽫һֱֻ˺棬ָᶯû룺߹ǲǽ˻͸¶ǾϮŶӣ
߹Ľڵϵ˼£˼ڡ˸߹˼ѹ˵Ӧ֪ǹɺϮ˰ɣ
ţ֪Ҳѹ˵֪ǹǣ֪ǵǿɪչ
С˫
ţ
Ҳһмҡ
ţգգ۾ʾԼû
ǻﺣǱϮġ

ʧ̬شһоǰļˣ˺ɵػͷһ棬漱æԼǼ΢Цһ¡Ǽ˵Ŀ˳ϣͬһͷǵͷѵСӲأ͵͵ض涯ֶţ
һ뵽еŮֶţһϲֳ˷ŭݺݵص˳һۣĿг˾ζ
ЩĪεʼ硣
ȵ˽ͷת˹ȥŽ˽ĸ첲ѹʵģ
ģƶص˵ͷ
ķһѹʣһ˫ʹĸ첲¶ݵ磬ߣýʵ
˵Ȼⶼˡ
ţߡ˵ǾһС͹ӶϮɱĺֻܵ˹Ӷ
㡭ӱɣŴС죬Ծųꡣ
Ŀ˸һµ֪Ĳ١
ҡҡͷ˵ռѷѾʲôˣݺ͵λ˶֪ˡǰһһ֪ʶ͸¶ЩϢ벻֪Ҳܡ
İɣҲӱЦе˵
ǡǸ壿Ǹ
ҡҡͷС˫Ҫˡܡ
һ˿ãȻѾк֪ܶ˿ռѷ˵زסռѷʱԽԽˣʶؽռѷϢ͸¶ȥ
һռѷ͵ȫԽӣǰߵսѲ֪١
ħռѷǰBսԱŬͨɱš
ġ
䣬߲
ͯսߡ
Ŷעϡ
սԱ໥֮ڿٵĬ
ʹڴƵꡣ
ǰһ˽˻ʹڴƵĶĳһĳֱҪһ䡣
ܴƽңмһ̨ܻйϯڶ̨Եһ£ŵư
ܴЩ˶Աߵ»ʣ༸ӡĿڳ꣬߹ŵ¹ɨ˳ϵмңʲô
ʼʲôҲûҲʲôҲ档ԣǲɡʲô֮ǰѹظҽһˡ
˵ˡʲôҲûʲôҲ棬͸ԼĶԼģ
Ǯģɵ
Ŀľó궪΢˼һµǾ򵥵İɣӣĴСׯӮСһһĿһʮһԪΪףϲⶥô
ãͷ
ʹ죡
һָһɹȡӺͭӷŵ˲ǰ
ӳһÿҶһһԪĳ롣
меһȡ˲ÿĿˡ
Ҳȡÿ滹һǧңŵϵ˵ҶһһԪĳ롣
Ŀⶼ΢΢죬߹ŵ¹Ҳһû뵽һ±ôǮ˴ʱҲΪӦǻĳǮӵܡ
ͳ궼ԶһһԪĳ룬ȻҲ⻻ˣ߹ŵ¹ڣҲһһԪĳ롣
ҪҪһӣʿЦʵĿЩϷʡ
˰ֵҲЩˡ
ץͭӣؽ˽ȥȻͬˮһػζţԼӵʱ䣬顱һͭӷŵ˶̨ϡ
עɣ
ʮС̵ӳʮСϡ
һֱûעСֵλϣҲڴֵλϡģʮġ˳û֮⣬߹ŵ¹Ҳû
׼ˣΪ˱ʾֳ֧꣬׼Ķ͸ġŵ¹ȴڵŸ߹ע֪߹ԶźоġҪΪһƭӲףǱ޵Ŀγ̡


185 Ӯʮ
Ȼ߹ϴŵЦ⣬һĳŵ˴λáһŵ¹Ҳ̽һĳŵ˴λϡ
ĲĿһҲǾþĳˣڶҲоȻҡԼҪĿȴ֪ԼҡǴСȷԼҡǴ󣬶ҿ߹󵭵Ц͸¶ţ֪ԼӮ˶Էˡ̾һ֪Լ䶨ˣȻ߹Ѻ˴ϣ͸߹һĳȻҲŵλϡûŵ¹󶼸
ʱҲڿЦȻ֪Ǹ֮ͭڵҡĿǶ٣⵹ֱͨӽ͸֮ͭڣĿ
壬һģܹʮĵ㣬
ԭҪŲ棬׬Ǯ֪ڲˣ֮󣬲һˡԵظ߹ܹС⻹棬ǲɵǮ
ȻһҲͲˡֱӽһĳƵʮĵλϡ
һѺʮĵ㡣
˵ˣǸ߹ĿҲһˮƽҲֻܹСܹĿѵСǰϻһܹĿĸ֣
ɫһ㶣ĿЩǡò׼ӵĵǴмȻ˶꣬ҲԥؽһĳƵʮĵλãһѺʮĵ㡣
ɫҲˣųܹҡĵԼ֪ҡĵͲųܹ
һ΢԰׵ɫָͭӡ˵۾۽֮ͭϣòЩšǽǮ¶ˣҲһǧ˵ʲô档
񲻶ؽͭӽҿ
˻
ΧһҲһ¡
ӣһľ棬·ڳЦһ㡣̧ͷһ۳꣬꾲Цʱ޲ýеͭӵϡ
סˣΪǻʹڴƵꡣʹڴƵڷƹμңͲһһţʵͲڲ֮䣬﷢쭡һָ˵ģųЦϲû뵽һ֡
ãɱ΢Ц
ӳһÿ̾жĳԱԱ⸶˳Ȼһһÿ˵˻
⼸ӵʱ䣬ͶһǧԪϵЦʵࡣǸ߹ŵ¹ҲӮһԪ¶˿ĵЦݡ͸ˣһӽһǧԪбж࿪ˡ
ʱĲԳһݾ裬ϷʵسƺΪмҡ˸Ĺâǲɣ
νصͷԣô
δȲ˵μҵĺɹپͿʼϸؽ淨꽲һ顣ľֻһѾǳص˵ͷʾԼˡ
ʱöĳķԼһһǧԪĳ룬ųСעʮޣô
ͷȻҲǵͷղÿ˶һһĳ룬Щ˵ģҲʮ򣬸ǰʣ¾ʮ
ͷ˫İƣǸɹóһÿ˼֮󣬿ʼϴơ֮Ǹÿ˷һŰơ
ûнĳڶĲĵӰȴǿ٣źɹϴƷƵ˵ĶԷ
ģؿһԼİƣþһȦΧ˵İƣвһϲ
ɹٺܿ췢˵ڶƣȴĸеŮ
ʮ򣡡ǸŮԥһ£СƳʮ롣һ̬֪ҲһǮˡ
ˣ¼̵ӳʮ롣
ˣӳʮ룬Ȼֵ˳ꡣ
ͷ˿Լϵĳ룬һһӶ˳ȥˣٴʮ򡣡
ڼžҶ㶵ųꡣֻͨǷ˵ڶƣûֱӼעģοǳһӴôļע
治֪СǸӣһ֣
𾪵Ŀ⣬˫һ̯ҲԲһ
ڳ¼ҵĸ߹Цһ±ӵƣ
Ҳƣŵ¹ҲЦŽӵϡ
ƣļ½ƣҲЦŽӵϡ
˳Ц˵Ӯʮ򣿡


186 Ϸ
ųЦɫ˵ɫܲÿʱ򣬺ɹֿʼơһһ֮󣬳ƾȻһAȻ˵ԥƳһһ򣡡
߹Źֵؿһ۳꣬Ƴһˣ
ŵ¹ҲƳһˣ
ֵ˺һеһӳһſ÷һ֮Ҳӳһˣҵ뿴ξôӮ
һ˿ͷҲ׷׶һ룬ǸԲǺǮŮҲһһЩȥ
ŵַȥһˣ̵̵ӳһĳһ򣡡



ƣǸǺǮŮӽӵϡ
ƣ
ƣ
߹ŵ¹ͬʱƣ˿ûôǮҿƣȵƷ֪жǮǵˡ
Ÿ߹ŵ¹ƣƷʱһƬΪǳɳ˵ֱӽղӮһǧ𶼶һ˳룬Ȼӳ
ʱֻвڸڶԶġ
˵
һƲһʮһJһA
Ʒֱһ԰ˣһһA
һ۳ǰĳ룬˵ǧ򡣡
䣬һԵķһ۵ûɡ
ʱÿǸУ̵ͷ٣û⡣
¶һ˿Ź֣ǳŰһҲ˵ľһʮһʮȷʵԼһ԰ˣԼİȴһŰˣҲһ·ơ
νթưɣڶԼİƲǰˣ
ǧԼ֪ƣǲҸ
ЦЦ漴΢΢üͷΪϻûô룬תԵܲܲǧ𣿡
̵˵Ƕ¶һ˿ԭһСӡǧܹóǾԲǮҵǮǧ˵ԲСĿҾԲͬ⡣
û뵽ֻ΢΢üͷȡ˵绰˳ȥһ΢Ц˽ڳԱ߲
ûһӣֻ˼濴һְֻֽ֪ǧѾԼÿϡղڵ绰һᵽҪǧûʳڸʲôͬҪ
潫ÿݸԱߵķǸ뿪ֻǲӵʱ㷵СĿǧû⡣
ǧ򣬸ˣ΢ЦŶĲҿĵ˰ɣ
ĿһɫЩѿ
ѵСˣѵͲʮ

թƣ³ˣԼӳǧҲóΪʮΪԲҸóİһˣʱԼͿԺúóһ١һʮƵó˲ҸƣֻҪһ룬Լ˸߳
ǣȫǣ꾹Ȼˣ
ҧҧԼİƷ˹ĿЩŵųꡣǧǶ˵ҲСĿˡ
ԭĵֻһʮ
괵һڣֽԼİƷ˹˼ҵĵǰˣ
ͬһӬһܣɫüΪѿȴЦ˵ǺǣһǵһμôǮһǧ򣡡
䣬ĿתԱߵķСתǧ򣬸߹ŵ¹תȥ򡣡
ӸǸһʮĳȲ裡
лл
Ǹֵߵߵ뿪ˡ߹ŵ¹ҲüЦһ׬İҲЦеأ֮ǰӣҲ׬һǧ˰𡣳͸˵ˣıǮֻһ׬˽ǧ
ɫǳѿǧ˵ҲһСĿбۿһ̵ɫ͸ӵѿ̵ҲŪ˼Ǯһ棬ҪǱɨӣʲôʱɨӣ
̵絶һĿɨԼоһ֪Լ˲٣Ǯ¾ˣܹӣ͵űʰɡ
ۿתתϸһ˿Цݵǲ
꿴һۣ˵ǰֻҪãҲܱ
Ͼ͸ӵ̵ܲĿѾɱ⡣̵оһݣæڵЩУǲϷΣ
ϷȤ̵


187 CS
Ҳסŭ̵ڸʲôϷ
ǶˣǾȥCSΣ
۾һЩ˶ʲôˣŷӣʵϾǺӣһΪԼǹڣǵǹҲȴǲΪļ̳ˣСͻרǵ͸񶷡
CSڸеʱҲͬѧһʱĶǵ͵εCS֪CSʲô̶ȣ
ǰ̵Цúϣ·һ㣺ڻʹڴƵĺŷƹȽCSأװҲһġȻӵҲǹ޼ӵͷƤġ
ʱҲ̵˼Ҳ¶ЦݡֻҪ棬һͺݺݵCSһԼҲһˡ
ţܹһǾ͸ˣ
Сֲӵס˳֣֪ǰ⼸˵ǹر̵Ͳڷƹǹ֡
߹ŵ¹ͷԼ̲סЦݱǿ
ͳCS
óûʲô𣡵ڳ׷ɱʱĳЩϱ£ǹЩϱ硣
ð
ν˵Щ˳֪ǸˣøӣֻܹǽԼĶˡ
ӦЦˡԼǹžԵģ۳᲻ῪǹǷͨǹΪԼĶ֡Ҫ֪μӹħռѷսꡣǰ廨˴۲Űӳ˵硣
˵ħһѵڵϵﻹ˻ǹáȻӦCSͬʱٰԼǮ̻̲ȫܹ̻һҲа
꣬ٶһѰɣ
Ŷôģʵ
ָڳ꣬߹ŵ¹˵ķ˵ˣҲˣǸһСӣĽǧ˭Ӯˣ˭ߡ
߹ŵ¹ʵ̲סЦˣΪԼЦݣ߹æ˫ֵһңһҵñʵģǹģҾͲˡ
ŵ¹ҲֵһҵңҵҵǮģǹģҲ档
ǳӵؿ˸߹ŵ¹һۣ߹ŵ¹ȴһַϣö˼£˼ǣڷѣǾ͸߲׷ɱĹӶ
̫թˡǻص˵ͷ߹ŵ¹ͿĵЦ
߹ŵ¹ƴǲ棬ɫ仯˼£յ˵ɣʹڴƵCSһŲ¥ȽȥĸһСӣСʱڲܹ㣬ӮΣ
ãֳһ˿ЦݵһǣҲӮɣ
˷ЦЦ˵ؼȻֻҪСʱܹĸ˻УӮ
ĬĬȡÿϣȡÿŵϣȻĿȻɨ̵˵ҳǧµǧÿһǧ򡣡
̵̵ͷ͸ղŶƲͬȵӮǮͬǾɵӡԼͶһǧʣӮˣȻҲӮһǧԣ̵˺ʹȡÿϡ
жĳķ˵ÿߣ˫CS֮󣬻ʡ
߰ɣ
һվȥҲ֮վ˺档
ǰץųĸ첲ѯʡЦŵͷ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǵЦݣ治ɷʱ˵һмңһӶ
һ߳˷ţµһ㣬ӴƵĺ߳ȥȻŵƿ˳Ű·ȥ
뻹ǲ˴Լһӵʱ䣬ԶԶر㿴һţͨΧǽϷܹһŲ¥Χǽڡ
жĳ˴ţܿͰ˽Ҷ˷װЩװǳ߼װвŸӦ磬ֻҪǹܹж˻
ǹûǹиоһ£ط˼ǹ
ǹûʲôʵǹǽӵͷƤģҲμCS˴·ҲƵģҪͷǲܵ˺
Ҳ׷׵ǹѡԼǹ֧Ȼ˽뵽


188 ѹ
뵽֣սԼСɽһСͺͬʱҲߵһʲõؾŲ¥
ԶŲ¥ȥǸ¥Ūʮֱ棬;һս֮Ľû˿
¥ӵһ㵽ھŲϵĴˣ˵ûˣǴûмģһıըҩըٵġ
һ¥ȴҲķѵصڵϣ·Ǳһ׸ըģԷǳЧ
ǽϻŴƬѪգҲ֪ʲôѪһ·ͽһս
߹ŵ¹󼸸ϢڹۿŴĻڴĻУŲ¥ȥ
ЩĵŸ߹ʵû¶ɣ
߹ȤؿһģⲻһϷˣֲˡ
ɫһͣϸһ㵭ıŭԳ飬ζŶԱҲӡ
ǣ߹·ûпϵıŭһ㣬дЦ˵ôĳꣿ
ŭıֱߺ죬ݺݵذ˸߹һۣȻͽĿضŴĻȴ˸߹󵭵İɣСʱܿͰǶˣ
ģȻת˷ܵضŸ߹
ĻɣĶܿģ΢ע⣬Ѿĸ˻ˡ
ڣѾվ˴¥ǰưһֵʮӵʱ䣬ȻǾͿʼѲ㣬ףˡ
лл
˵ͷκܿʧڴ֮ڡ
ĸɢվŴǰʮӹȥǣʱֻǹȥ˲ӣʹǵͷİƵ
ĸ˺˼̧ͷ¥ȥʱվھ¥һڣһֻš
ɫ΢䣬ͳǹһӵǽȥ
ʱϢڵĴĻϳ棬һǳĻ棬һǲĸ˵Ļ档
ڳĻУһվŵھŲĴڴڲĻУĸ¥СϷš
ÿһ¥ĸ˶ѸٷֿռΣȻһ飬ȷûгټ֮ټһȥ
˶ɱģǿɲΪڵھŲ㴰¶һ棬ͻһֱڵھŲǣҲͻµĳһǡǷǳСģÿߵһ¥ݿڴĸ˶һϵСǰС
СϢеȴǽΪʱĲѾϵ˵Ĳ㣬ȴһվŵھŲĴڡǱ¥ݿڣⲻǵŲĸ
ڸʲô
治˳ҽĿ˸߹ŵ¹󡣱Ͼ߹ŵ¹ͳһģӦöԳΪи͡
߹ŵ¹¶һ˿ЦҲʲôôɵɵվڴڣڵ
ⲻܣ
ʱԳ˽⣬Բɵ¡ο껹ǧ
꾲վŵھŲĴڣ͸˽µĵ͸˵ڰ˲͵߲㡣
ڣĸСسڵ߲¥ݿڣÿ˵鶼ΪءʱҲо˽šֽǳǿӸǵģû뵽˵߲¥ݿڣȴûзֳķ
ԭΪһ¥ݿΪԳڵ¥ݿڷ֮˵Ĳ¥ݿڼռΡ
ǣһһغ޷յ֮ȴûзֳ˿ټּžظĸѹ

ĸһ˿ٵ߲ûгټ
ĸ໥һۣ϶ֳ˽֮ɫʱѾԺɵؿ϶ͻڵڰ˲ǡû˻ΪɵľһֱڵھŲǡ
ʱϢڵˣֻСֽճȭͷǸ߹ŵ¹ҲʵǸ㲻׳ΪʲôڻһվŵھŲĴڣ
߲㡣
ĸһ˴˼ƣȻ໥֮ǡõľ룬໥֮ĽǶȼûǣǹ̤ͨڰ˲¥ݡ
һףס
̵һ˵ڰ˲㣬Ѹƶ㵽һӵĺ棬ǹĿ⼱ٵѰţȻãȻˡ
䡭
ӰѸٵس߷ӵĺ棬һ˫˫ĿѰţȻҲãȻˡ
ûз
ôᡭ
ѹ


189 
ĸ˲ţСѰ
ϢеĴĻϣտʼĸÿһ㶼СĴѲ飬ǽ̬֮ϵЦݲϣĸ˾ĸСڱƾ硣
ǣЦˡ
ĸѾ˵ڰ˲㣬ֻʣһ㣬ʱĳ֮ǰվڵھŲĴڡ
ڰ˲㡣
ĸĸĿжãȻǸ㲻ΪʲôûѵľһֱڵھŲ㣿
ζʲô
ζųԼżȵţܹĸˡ
һģ
ĸ˶ţǲŹ鲻ţĸ˶ǰδеͨھŲ¥ݿȥ
ʱĸѾȫȷڵڰ˲ûˣǶȫľ¥ݿڣȫû˿ķ
ǵĺ󱳳
򴰿ڣ

ʱϢڵͻȻסС쾪
ڴĻϵĻУͻȻˡľУһֱעŵڰ˲еĲĸˡ
ڲĸת¥ݿڣȫûзʱ򣬳δӵھŲĴ˳һ̨ӾڿһתŴ
ڿл䣬ڻڰ˲㴰ڵ˲䣬ǹˡ
žž
ǹ죬˵ͷһ˸֤˸ԱһǹС̵Ѹܻͷӵڰ˲Ĵڴÿͷȥ͸ͷڻ¶һ΢Ц
ڵڰ˲Ĵ̨һһ١֮һɣ·ȥȻڵ߲Ĵ̨һסӣһӱ𣬷˵߲㡣
ڼЦ֮ɫʹ䣬·ȥ˱Ŵȥǹͷʱȴüʧڵ߲Ĵڡ
̵¥ݿڳ˹ȥҪڳ껹ûڵ߲ӾͳȥռλõĻᡣ
˸ոճ嵽¥ݿڣͼһӰһ˹
̫ˣû뵽ֱӳŵڰ˲ǣ˷ӦҲ죬ͬʱų⶯˰
žžžžž
ǹ죬ڲ̵ǹͬʱҲ⶯˰
ӵ׼ػ˲̵ӵǹȴֱӻ̵ͷ
꿪ǹٶж죿ܹġ
ͬʱѾ˵˵ĸǰʱ̵ѾУڳĶֻʣ˲һˡ
̵еͬʱҲ׼۶ڶǹȴ˵ǰĳͻȻһֻץסеǹ
¶һ˿Цץҵǹ

ЦͽӲϣϵǹȻ˲һͬʱǹͷϡ
ž
һǹ죬ͷһâ˸Ѿ
ſڣɫѿųɬ˵ҪڷƹһӰɣ
ţͷ
ϣ´λнĻᣡ
ȻģˡǮ⣬»ڷƹȦһЦһҪûˡ
Һܿطֿˣľʣ³꣬߹ŵ¹ĸˡ
磬ȿȣΪǽףأЦӯӯ˵
꣬߹ŵ¹ҲЦʮֿġ첻ǳգǸ߹ŵ¹Ҳ벻٣ͨղŵCSӳչⶥ֮ǰʮ롣
ĸ˻ʹڴƵĿݣߺſȱšͻȻ߹˵꣬ǱһڴС˫õע⡣
ƫĿ˲Զһλ˫Ŀ΢΢һС
аһԵŵ¹˵
һũҵҲʲôУ߹мضŵ¹˵Աߣӵģ
ЦЦЩ㲻ףԸȫȻͬôոһ𣬶òƻǢӣ
ڲԶһ𷢰ˣжһƣݿʣŵ¹˵ȫеı׼
ǳȴо˲ͬǸ𷢰ƺһ㵭ʣʳϤ
һ־΢΢ʡĳѾ֪һ־ģֲֻܹΪߵĸоΪ͵ľߣΪ͵ȴоΪߵľߡ
Ҳ˵վţߵܹ֪ҲһߣΪ͵ȴȫ֪Ҳһߡ


190 
߹󵭵˵ģһ߰
ŵ¹ȴ۾ȴокܴв
ʱȴ˳˼ԶԷһߣʵҪԼֻͣҲ֪Էﵽʲô硣
Ȼܹ֪Էһߣȴ֪Էľ硣
꣬ҪҪȥһǸСӣ۾С˫ã߹Цеһı˵
Цҡҡͷ֮˽֮С˫֤С˫һŮûôԵɣ
ɫߺؾСȭͷشų꣬˵˵
ɫߺòԶǸ۾һžƱɳվ
꣬˰߹Це˵
ٺ١ŵ¹ҲȤЦ
ŵ¹εЦɲ񰡣ܽթ
ŵ¹Ҳ˵ֻ죬ʾǸѾ˹
ʱȴǳţѾҲûǾǰڨˡβͬڳǰɲڳǰ²õӡ
Ҫô
Ǹһ⣿
ⲻУ´³ĸо
ǡͶԷ򵥵Ӧ䣿
᲻
ĺܾᣬȴҲ̰ڳһǧ̬֮ϣǸܹ֪Ѷˡ
߹̬ҲˣղŻһģ˲һʵʿ
ŵ¹̬Ҳˣթ̬ʧһ亩񣬶һЩľګģ
Ҳ˲̬һкȴЩŵ̬ĸģ
Ǹ𷢰жžƱŵĲ˹վǰϴű׼ʿЦݣ΢΢ǰһ˵ʡ
صط˱ӣǽ𷢰ʿЦпܲˡһϴŵﲻӭ㣬뿪
۾һ̶ϸֳһĨߺ죬Ŀ顣
𷢰ֱͦӣĿų꣬һ˿ӣһָ߹˸ı飬˵
һȻ⡣ڿ뿪ˡ
𷢰ɫһ䡣ûмʷȴƼѸٵķչٵķչǵżȵԵػߵϣһĹң͵ľ񱩷
ǱԼǱҼᱻ˽Ŀ¶һ˿ɱ⡣
˿ɱһּ﹫ɱˡﲻԷӣȻصúܺãΪһ߻ܹов
оâһղŶԷеһ˿ɱ֣ƳԷʵƫĻԷӦһ弶ߡ
ϣǿľ߲ż弶ѾǺǿĴˡ
𷢰˲ܹɱ꣬ǲζܹóһƾ͸ųǰϵĿȱȥҪѿȱñеĿڳĿϣͲòȥ䣬˳ͬʱõ׽Ļᡣ
뵽ֵĳǱ׽Ļᣬ𷢰˵ӹһ˿˷ܡ
ĿûţһֱСعעŶԷϾԷһߣ͵ϮǾߵس
ԣ𷢰˵ľո͸˲䣬͸оˡƷ߳Էֶ̫࣬ԷľԼǰĲ豭ȥб˶Է˼
·ĵصٶȴǼֶϵĿȱöԷľһաһڣȻüͷŶԷôߣ
𷢰ɫһҲɸ̾ǰСӵ̫ˣʲôʱ˿ȱУǡǡʱѿȱȥԼ͵Ϯ
鵽زҲܹﲻߣʱΧܶ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ̫ˡ
ǣɲġ治һŮǻһμʵŮеڴ֪
С㡭𷢰ڽһŬ
ﲻӭ㣡
Ѿ̬ȣ̻ôܹǸ𷢰˸ոһ̾ͺסĻ
𷢰˵ֳΣʼ磬źȻת뿪ûлصԼλֱӵ뿪ˡ
ĺһڿȣȻ¿ȱһоΧʮֲԡΪһߵĸоʮģֻյı仯Ҳܹ˲о


191 鱦
̧ͷȥ߹ŵ¹ЦЦؿתͷ棬΢΢ͷ˫ſȱһߺͬһ͸ƻ
ޡ
˻һԼղŵľٶƺʲô
С˫ЩȻػ
ţ
ػӦᣬͬ˫ſȱʱⶼ÷·͸
죬һС˫֮󣬾Ȼ֪˵ʲô
ÿȻûǳȴ֪߹ŵ¹һЦˣǺЦ
ʱзǳΣ֪ղʲôտʼǴһ־ķӦһİ˶Ҫ־裬ǽ𷢰еҲ֪ΪʲôǲǱ㼥˶Է
ѵ
ҡҡͷʵʵ뷨˦˳ȥԼִȻͻ̷ص磬Ӵ˺С˫ˡ
߹ʿض˿ȱų˹Цݿ˵ϲС㣡
һѾ嵽˳ߣȴ˻ȥһڣĪѿ
ǣʹˣɫҲÿǸ߹ȴͬûпѿһ㣬ûк˼ԼŵغһڣЦе˵꣬Ѱɣ
㣡ҧ˵ⲻܹϡǼദʮǢȷʵѾΪѡ
һѰɣ
ǣҲܹϣȷʵһıըը
ôΪ֮еҪİæ㲻ܾɣ
˵Ԥϵʲô£ǻ˵ϣҲֻܹø߹˵ȥ
ɶ߹ϾȻѵõֳһ˿ɬȵСĽܸܲĽܰ
ȥǸ˳ȥǸ֮̾ˬ
̲͡סЦ
ꡭŵ¹亩ų꣬ʵ㲻Ҫ˰ɣ
òļթĻ
ããǹͲˣ
߹ŵ¹ɳվȥû߳ͷЦó޵һĥ
ΧžôһΣһ
ҹѾĵؽ١
ʹڴƵ괦ڳģΰ״ǲǵΪƹٷãǷƹ嶼⼸ԼǳֳһƬ
磬Ҵȥ߰ɣȴգֻгɬһŰǺΡ
ȻܾǴεûᡣ
ҲһЩҹ鷳С˫ˡ
ǴųһСԽ֣˼СԸ֮˳Žֵйš
һ֣ظоԵ˷תͷ棬˫۶ڷŹ⡣
˳Ŀȥ㿴һ鱦ꡣ
Ƿƹ鱦꣡ƽʱֻż䣬ʱ١Сȭͷ
ЦˣĻܹ֪Ǽ鱦鱦Ӧúܰݶֻܹżһ¡žǰȥˣҲǵа鱦ոӮһǧ𣬿±Щ̲ס˰ɣ
ȥ򼸼鱦ϾûǧҲӮôǮ
߽鱦꣬иŮȵض˵С㣬ˣ
ţʲô»𣿡
ֵ˵ǸŮֳȵЦݵУǸոյ˼ʽС㣬
磬òÿ
ÿ
أ
ÿ
ָأ
ÿ
һţһ΢üͷղſһǸŮĵط̨ڰ鱦ƺֻе鱦ֳ͵е͸ߵ
͵˶һЩе˽٣ߵǱֻˡ
Ȼ湺һ鱦Ͳ빺һеģ˵ҲǮǱ˵ȥǱ߿ɣ
ɫһ㶣ȻԼŲǮôϰߵܵеԼνҪߵ鱦
磬ȥǱߣ
е鱦ų˸ߵһ۾Ϳһ׽зĹâͬʵʣſڹ̨ϣָǴøҿ
վڸߵ̨ڵǸŮҲʶ棬ЩԥߵҲֻǿżԣȴûԭҲû⣬ϾȻûйߵ鱦ǹ˲е鱦ǣ⴮鱦ǰոġ


192 
鱦Ҫ治СˤˣǿǾ޴ʧԥ¶һ˿ӡ
ʲôԣ
ʱҲǴһûпŮеһ˿ӡǸŮûзӦ̧ͷó
ǸŮ˳һۣջǴȡ˳ѵСһЩǱص鱦
涼ǸŮĻءҧúأôף
˸ôȫ˼ǴϣǲԸǳ治ġ
潫УԼĲǰŵ磬ÿ𣿡
䣡
Щʧԭһˣ⴮ӳ
硭
ĽʧоѣҲһҸϡ
ţ
滶ؽݸ˳ꡣߺ΢΢ͷų
ǸվһһֱܽŵŮ촽䶯һ£ջǱֻͣӵؽţ·ʱ׼ȥס
󣬽ƹĲľ£׵ؽۺá
ָļָһ£ͬһؽ˻ˣ
תӣų磬𣿡
ʹصͷû˱ʺΪ㶨ġ
һԵǸŮ͵͵ƲƲ죬Ҫȡȴͷнһſŵ˹̨ϵԻɣ
ɡԡǸŮһӽôҲû뵽ֱ⴮Ҫǧ˰Ԫ
Ǯɫһ䣬ԭΪԼӮǮ򼸼ߵ鱦û뵽Ȼһ
Ҳһ飬Ҳû뵽⴮̶ȣȻѾҪ⴮ɫҲûʲô仯Ͼĳ겻ǰˣǮ岻ǣ˵ɣ
ǣǣǣԵȡ
ǸŮŻŵˣһ㷵۾˸Ĺâ
ٽడΪʲôվߵĲҡŮЩ˸С
Щʧųĸ첲뿪鱦꣬ڼžҹʱһǰظΣ¶Ҹ΢Ц
Ϊ⴮оҸΪԥذ͸ҸԺлԼͳСʱһҼҵĳ
磬㳤ȢҺͽòã
ð
ߺ÷·Ҫγˮб޴Ҹ۵ƫͷŽԼĳ꣬૵֪ǲǵöʱ飿
˫۽˽ĸ첲Լꡣ
硭
ţ
ոӦһоԼӡ촽һǼա
ס˽Ųתǰ档ʱͷͷ˳ϣԭĲӶһۺ죬ɢ˵ĹâŮֱķ֮䣬һ޷ߵĸоͷ
Ȼ·ܵһֻ̧°ͣԼ
˫ۣؽëţĽš
صͷôء
оһ˵ĴϢϣҪţѣΰڴ
ȵĺϣ֤ԽԽ
ҪǹˡҪǹˡ
ڴͻȻһ˿ңӶ
ҲЩ㱣ȻĻûбһŮˡһεܽӴڵѪҺ
촽ӡĴϡ
Ȼſ۾Щ֪ǰĳ꣬˫۾ͷſȵĹâ䴫¶ս
˿ıݣһʱ۾ִĸоʧ
˫Ȧס壬ԼķҲػӦţ˷·ҪѶԷԼ塣
֪˶ã˵Ĵڷֿر棬ŻеˣʱѾЩʧѵ֪˵ʲôǲҶһ
˸ղŵĳ嶯ЩãȻ֪ԼΪʲôֻǱܵΪԼӦôڣҲܻ䡣ȴ֪ԼӦ
潫ͷ˳Ļͷ̧۾رţһ˫ȴɽرųꡣ
˾ôվţ·ֻ֮ʣˡ


193 
澲صȴʱҲ֪ԼӦֻбصȴųһ
ǣȴûнһĲЩûɵЩʧ䡣ѵ粢ϲԼղֻһʱ嶯
۾ʪ̧ͷ˳ꡣ
ǰӣеʪӵ̲סһεͷһǵһ
ЦˣҸЦˣ
࣡
봽ֿһ죬ӵߺ졣
š
ĴһȥƷ࣬
磬㻹ǵСʱ˵Ļ𣿡ʱ˽˳Žֵš
ʲô껹ڻζղŵǡ
Сʱ򡭡Ҽʱ˵Ļгɬ
磬ǳˣȢҺͽòã
ԺлǼеҹɫеƤһ죬æҡͷǵˣ
СȭͷڳһµԭͰǽ˰
εЦЦͷĴһ¡
˶˵ֻĬĬţ֪ߵһׯ԰ĴǰӳĻ뿪ųֵ磬ҵˣȥҰְְɣ
ţͷҲܾûмˣӦݼ
ţ߹˳ǰԺ뵽ڣһɳſеĳ档
ųֳ֣ЦݵС꣬£úÿ㡣
ǰؾһã
ã£екų£Ӷ˸裬´ų꣬¶Цݵ㸸ĸðɣ
лл壬Ҹĸܺá
ȥԺ֣ͻȻɳվ
ְ֡컽
ȰؿһС˫ɲҪС磬ʵȰְֲ
Ծתų꣬ǹû뵽һߡҪ֪İְֿһڵߣҲΪߵǵ鷳Ŷ˳ھӡ
ѵҲһڵߣ
ôСӣûȤ
굱ȻܹܾҲ֪ҪԼʵֻЩԾȻܹôͿԼһߡ
ָ㣡
ͷҪֵֵָˣ
оӿһɲƽӵƷܹоʵӦûи߹ŵ¹ߣԼδؾͲܹս
еֻ΢΢һЦźԺȥ̾ٲ˺棬漱æܵ˳Աߣ˵磬ҰְֿڵߣҪСġ
Ѿͷ磬ͳӣͷЦ
ͷȴ˫ֱס˳ĸ첲
ڵ㣬һ򹫽³һаԼʹǱҪ
˺ԺԶ꿴һ۶ЦС꣬ȳְɣҿֵֵָ㣡
ãͷ壬ȭ׳ҪСġ
顫
껰һ䣬ҽڵϺݺһ̤һƬ̳ξһųŵڵһس˳ȥڿͬһֻƺף̫ȭ׺ᡣ
һֻżȴʺ˹ȥͬһǹ⣬ŴƿռХȥ
ĿһһֻƣһֵųĽ˹ȥƻδĽף͸оһʹԼĽʹ
ǿ
Ľżһǰ㣬絶һʽɽӴӿ׹ȥ
ֱͻȻǹش̳ųؽڴȥɫһݣؽڣԼһƻδԷ֧첲ͷˡ
δйļܲöԸרŹԼԼʽͲܹȫʹֻܹ;ϡ
ѸٵؽԼľͷ˳γһ磬ԭǰȻһؽڡ
߶ֱۣ㻹ôǹ
ֱǹֱͻȻ⣬һ»⣬ײСӭǡ
顫
һֱڿУ˵⼸غ϶˲ɣʽѾϣںӲһźȥСӭǴһʹ
žž
֪ƾԼʵǲսʤ˲ǱﵽһǧȻ似ӮǾôӲ֡
顭


194 ̫
˼ҵһ˫ȭ磬ԽԽ죬ǱͣرƳȴûһ
顫
һ¹ȭڳ°ϣӱա
飡
һ߽߷˳ȥ
ŵŵŵš
ӿ䵽ϣһ·ĵغ߲ҡͣŵŶе
ᣬʵЦų˵ս̫
սɫһ㶡
Լս𣿲˵ͬߣԼԽսսʤ֮ôһ̫
Це˵õǸطӦһǧɣС˫Ҳ߹㣬ֻڵ㣬ֻһ򹫽
ɫһ䡣
ǰԼǳ˶Էǧûռ˿ƣԷˡ
⾿ô¶
ҡ¶˵Цݵһûóȫֻóǧֻ൱ڸոǵһ㡣
ʲôһĲš
´ڷֱԷǲѡǳ꽾оԼȫԺɨߣ˵ֻڵһ㣿
С꣡˫˸ǵĹâú룬תʱһ㲻𣿡
ˣ
ߡ
꿪ʼתڵɫһ䣬Ȼеʱһ㲻ģǿ㡣
⡭ƺһֹɡ
ղźԺзĻطţڷڡ
⡭ѵҲǧ̫
ʱղսڳԺлطţ˸ղŷһСղƺûóʵҲ˵ûóһ򹫽ԼĸһţȻֵó
˵˵ȷʵֻóǧԾޱȡ
Ҳǿ̫ˣ̫Ϊź˽⡣Ҳֹһ̫սÿζӮʤԼġǣȴؽһ顣
ԽսһǳרȴǧǱطϵĳ꣬ǿһǧôģ
ǧʵӮⲻʵеЦе˵ȴϬͬӵ
ͨվԼһֱΪԽսʱȴһЦ
䣬ܹĿزҲʮֲˡС꣬ĿƲǶԼƣҪѧԵ˵зơ
Ե˵ƣ
˳˼ԼƿԼСȥܶ֡Ե˵ȴһѹƣҪ˲׽Է㡣
ԼǿƶԷ㡣
˾ԼǿϺܶĶ֣Ҳܹսʤ֮
Ҫ׼Ŀƣ
ԼͶԷ
۾Ѱҵ似ķ
ǸطиղһٳطӦǧ࣬˵ʵӦÿҪͻƵˣ
һԵ۾һɾCSиɵĸˡ뵽˳ǿȴû뵽ôǿѾΪϿҪ׷Լİְ֣Ŷ󰡣
壬ֻڵڰ˲㡣˵
ţֵԾˣֻڵڰ˲㣿
ţص˵ͷ
´һ£ѸٵţѵҲŴ󱳾ż崫У԰ϳҾһͨ˼ҰСӦʲôɣ
Ȼȥʳ꾿ʲôǻ˻ͷǸطҲ۵ٶƺЩ
һֱڸĽ˵
һֱڸĽɫһ㶣ʲô˼ѵطԼģ
ţصͷ
ɫ࣬´ų꣬Ȼ˰֣ߵһߵ˾䡣֮˵֪꣬ҵĴ𣿡
ɫһû뵽ҲŴУѵҲʲôĵӣǣʵʵҡҡͷ
̫ȭ֪𣿡
̵֪ͷΪо̫ȭô֪̫ܲȭ뵽ϣоһ˵̫ȭĪǣ
ͷҾ̫ȭĴˡĵӲҶ̫ȭҲźܲоҾͰ̫ȭİ˵һ˵
塭


195 벽
˰ֵ֪˵ʲôѾǹŴı֪ҲҪ̫ȭһţֻǽ̫ȭһѣҪһѡ
ǣ깧ظʩһ
̫ȭչãü汸̫ȭȫ׶120ʽġļֳĶΣÿļͬȭҲ黺֮֡ϰᵽ侫ڡ̫ȭ̫ȭİ״ƲָɴԴ崸Ϊ̫ʮʽͰƣȭһЩַɡ̫ȭơԡΪܡơ顭
ɫص˻ʹڴƵ꣬û˯ϼСʱϰߵ
¥ڻʹڴƵԺȦûһӣͼҶ죬߹ŵ¹ĸҲԺʼȦš
໥֮Ҳ˵ܲһܲһԺﻹ˼̫еĿ뷴
⣬ȴַ·ɴ·ֿɼȴͬҽ޼Ѱ

³һܲһʯĿЩ͵ǰĲƺ˼ɳڶƵ˼С
һҶ죬߹ŵ¹Ҳ˲ų
꣡߹ԶԶغš
ꡫ
ͻȻһֹס˸߹˵ʲôǲҪȥԱ߱
߹˵ɫһ䣬ΪȻ֪ʱǶôѵãĸ˶˳ΧվȴκһҪĽǶȡ
ûע⵽ĸԣҲʼûнһõ

һι˳ꡣ˫Ŀ֮н˽࣬ӳĵһǱ紵Ĳƺ
һſſСҵĿȴɼͣһÿСڿ֮вһ㲻ģҲǿŰǵڱжȥ˿Ȼ׽˲Ļᣬڿ׽˲㣬˲ֹͣ
˷ܵزʱĳȫһľ֮С
һÿСݷ·Ϊһߣ޴ڵĹһÿСڿеĹ켣ͬ˰ٱһ㣬ޱȵڳԺ˳һ˵ǿĹ켣˳
ľ֮УһһطۿСݺͿĹ켣ԸоСݺͿ
ڳƵڼ
ָоǳͲָоͷ·Լ嶼ʧˣһƬ֮䣬оԼ̫İ壬ĿԽԽˡ
һ̣ռʱ·ѾʧСݵҲޣĸоֻСݺͷеĹ켣
ôʯϣͬһɺԵĺڷˮ֣̫İ壬ͨƵĴžԽԽ
أŴˣڵǰȻʣһ˿˿ļʡ
һֻڣﵽ˾ǧ˰ٹֻڣΪûдﵽڵһ㣬ֻܹ벽ڡ
۾ϲĿ¶һ˿գΪ֪ԼɲԼμ˴ˡ
ڵʵǽں֮䣬Ҫ˵ҲУ˵Ҳɡ
ֻеŻȥʽ̹ˣԸܹμ˴ȡ
ˣСʵ
ţ˵صͷ
ʲôʵҶĴոʵ
벽ǣ
һȭ
Ҷ컹ûеȵ£ڵڰ˲һٹų˹
ȺγһһȭҲԺ˳ȥ
顫
ļһ£Ȼûк˰벽ͽҶҶ۾Ȼ̲ס˴ֿڣǰ벽ǣ
Ҳɴ۾𾪵ųꡣ߹ǰ´ų꣬ţưҪǸطѾûĶˡ
ٺ١ɵЦ
ЦˣϽأͣŵ¹һԺ
ԣͣҲš
ˣͻȻɫһҽС˫Լˣڼˣ
ŵ㣡߹ֱ
ٵСʱˣѾӾŻʹڴƵĿȥ
꣡ѳ껽ס߹˵Ѿ׷ɱ͸¶ˣ
ţͷͷ
һȥǰӴһ¡
ã
Ȼȥ·ɣѾٵˣӣӺڴϡ
ǣ


196 Ԥ
µһһ죬ĩҪϼˡһԤ棬ϢСƴˣȡһ£󣬿ͨVIPͨͷһ¡ܹ£Ϳܹдˣдٷ٣
λսܹ֧֣Ск֪жٶģ֧־СĶ
Слˣ


197 
ڡ
һȺΧһţ˿沱ϵǴһɫʮֵѿ
Ǵһֵ֪ƣһӮǵǮġ
װĵ߽˿ݣԶԶر㿴棬ǴеøӵضĿҪܡ
С˫Բˣ
ϾǺһԼͳٵоúܲ˼
ȴ۾һ֪Ͱְڸʲôʱڵбˣһ˵ı仯ô˵أ
һֳʡ
ѵ̫ȭİ壿
磬ǣʵ
ǣҲ˵صͷ
ʱѾߵĸǰҶһ£ȻĿΧһɨüͷ΢΢ȺпǸǰڨĽ𷢰ˣǸС
ǰվ˳Ķ棬ȻתǸߵһ𷢰˿˵λ˵ĳǹһ
˳ŲĿȥ㿴Ǹ𷢰ˣ۾ʮ䣬Ӻܸߣܿʾ̲ص
ؼʣһĵĸо
겻ֿһۣȴûдϿ˿ΣաֻֿܣһǶԷûֻһͨˡһǶԷʵǿѾﵽĳ̶ȡ
ֻһǹ֣شҲӦ֪ҵļǹֱȱȽǣûбҪ˰ɡ
ɫû˿ı仯֪ӦԼûиǸߺɫڸԼ
⡭
ֳ֮ɫȫװġػų꣬ųӣʮֵˬ
̵ҲһؼЦų꣬ļ̳ˡ˵þԲǴ󻰣ǹûһҲаʮĸ߸ϣȫûбҪ˿ӡ
⣬˵ʰһ꣬Ҫռƹʲô¡
ĸɢվţǱȲҪ˽⣬Ҳִй񣬰ɱһˣվǰ塣ԣǸûаһض¡
ɫѿҲ˽⣬Ǵӽ˽ģ֪Ҫǿ̫࣬Ϻʹ֮Ĳࡣǣӳ꣬Ȼ֪ҲԼļѣǿ˵
С˫
ϵģһŮΪͷסҺͱģȥǱɣҲǱ
ǰС㣬ǹȥ̸̸߹Це˵
˵˶Ǿ񱩷仰ȻǸ߸֪һ˵ǱĲˬԼ߸ϣҳһ
۾΢΢һУȴû˵ɱŸӳ̬
ɫ˵㻹֪
֪߹̬Եø߹ӵܵӺݱֵ쾡£һ壬μӹսҲӰ޴󡣼Լ˽һߺ;ߡû˵ɣ
ɫһ߹Ŀ֣ءһĿתС㣬Ѿĸף˵صĿģĸ׶ǳҲǸճСʲôϵϣӰ˿ɪչ顣ҲҴӷƹĨȥ
㡭
һŭվԭأҪĨȥҺܼ򵥣Ҳȴ˿ɪչͬ⣬ȵƹһΪɪմǰվġܴķ濼ǣܹ
ģЦ˵ҲǸճСΣҲ֮飬ʸҵȤҪľ浽Ϊҷ񡣡
˵ָ߸ϵظ˳һ۵СӣҪ̫㣬ҷֻڿɪյ飬ҶͶһûȤ
ɫ÷ǳѿ裬衣ͬڵ˵桰žž
̬Ļﶼͬϵۣ·ֻϣгŲм
ɫǳƽ߸ϣΪһϾصĴţ¿ƺǿʹڻȪڲμľӸ߹ҲвСԣӳˣȻ£Ǹ˵ܿһߡߣļкܶࡣ
ǣһ


198 ս
߷ֻһ벽ڡһߣǿľߡ
ǿľͲڼ̬˵߸ϵĻܹҡġϽȫġ
Ŀռѷ󣬲ֹܿ쵱ռѷ͵ȫԽ֮ߺ;ߵ¡Ǹʱ򣬵ԭеһй򶼽ƣ½γһߺ;Ϊĵո¹
ţ
ھԵʵǰӴĲҲֽϻ
Ҳߺ;ǰִɻ㹻в˵һʿߣξУȻǰʧɫǣ겻ᡣ
磬۷壬վߴͬ񻪹һ
һ£ͻں
˵ȥԸ壬»ֻǵǸһȻ˻ȥԸɢ
ԣɫû˿֮ɫ¶˵֮ᷳɫһиӬ¶һᷳɫ
Ǻǡ⣬ҲûŭкǲмӲŰˡ
겻ٿһۣһʱܹĲӬ˵ǾֻԶеĻᣬ겻ŪĳϣҪǵҡȻܹʲôǾӺˣӣõĻػ
ͬҲپΪһĴ̳ǾͶˡ
ĽҲȷʵߵЩˣƹĵһ̳˲Ϊ˿ɪգһӶᵽķƹһȺĵط
ΧЩֻӦֻõڻҡ
ߵһɳ£һЩĺͿȡҲǵλ¡
ոտڣ㱻ֹסԽѵĿ˵Ѿ˵ˡһʼ˴ĵ·
ţɫһ㶵ʲô˼
ȻһЦʲôݣƹһļ̳ˡʲôݣһֻ˹ѡԸˣҪԳȥԣ۱ʲôӮһԱԸˣֻҪ仰ͻ֮ء
ĿŰûڡһڿȣؿɳϣӹһ˿˵˳꼸ǧ𣿡
ǣɫһ졣
ǺǺǡЦ˵һͣȫܹþ벻Զĳ⼸ǧӳȥһ仰»кܶȥԸǸɣڷƹ粽аɣõԳ𣿡
۾һ̶һƬ⡣Ǹ뷨ҲûôǮáԼǮ춼ˣٶ͵öǮɲôס˼ˣۿתţ˭Ҳڶʲô˼
ȻҲĻɫһ䣬ɫ֮Żңס˳֣ľǺˮ
Ŀǵ꣬ȴɫû˿ı仯º͵ЦţֽĿ˸߹ĸˣĸҲһƽ治Ȼ
Ǿʲôˣ
Ļôû˿ĵģ·˵Ĳһ㣿
ץԼ֣һ˿âʱжɱĻȻ赭дȴ̲ŨصɱǱĬиһɱԼӣʲôĻһڽԼ֣һ˵Ļ֡

ǳиֳͷĿ߹ɨǵͬһ˿ɱ⡣⼸˶жɱ⡣
Ҳ֪ﲻǶֵĵطڷƹɱĵطڷƹ¶鵽ǰһỳɳǡʱǳˣҾͻ⵽֮֡
ǣҲʲôúˣһ£ܲȥ
Ǻһڿٴľ͸˳ȥ͸׽һֻӬȻþŲӬ˴Ŵþƿһ죬ŲӬ˿ݡ
겻ǸԵУȻҲһߣǺͳĲ̫󣬳ͲܹԼľ
þֻӬɳĽĵصȴšֻǹ˲ã֪˵ʲôЦ飬ʿЦ
һ˲䣬þֻӬԼٶȳſ죬ȻһͰֻӬžͰѾ˻
ȿȿȡ
ǵͨ죬ȳһ絽ϣһȴһֻӬ̱ȸղŻ죬βǺģŭģоǶĵġ
Ϊļ̳ߣʲôʱԹӬ
ɳҴҵȥǸҲں棬߹˲֪ǳɵģȴǹЦ
žˣȻǶԳǻģſݺǵľ
ɫͻȻ΢䣬ͷһϵֱ̧ͷ˵ǻȥ
ɫҶֻˡվ뿪
ҽķ䣬֪ŪסһʼǱԣȻߺֱһ˼ʼǱϾʹ˲ŵĻ档
һսĻ棬һԼʮɵĳһеĽֵʻͻȻʹӽֵܼӵŻͲĻȼյβͺ˽ֵϵĳ


199 
һƬУֻм䷭˳ĳǹֵаȻĿһʮȻǷ
ܵǿɪչĳӣɪճӵǴಿѾϷˡ
ϣɪյĳͻȻ˱仯΢΢Σ巭ת¶һǹڡ
ա
ܼĻʼܿ쾹Ȼѹס˴ಿĻʼ˴ӳЩ˵ٶȺܿ죬ܹϸѵҴЩ˵ĶϿȥܹ϶еһЩߡ
ǵԵشŷ£˱ӵᴩͷ­ʬ嵹˵ϡ
ǸѸٵؽԵĽʼЩֲӡ
һСսúܿ죬ǰ󲻵Сʱǹͱϡϡֹ˲һӵʱ䣬Ѿ
ؽʼǱϵݴøɸɾȻ˵Ǿոմ͸ҵģǿ档һಿ١ⲿ˵ǲڶ棬ɪչǿ׼Ѵ𡣡
ɪչͲ°ѴܶҶԴ˵
߹˵ᣬɪʽսսӣԺںҲͲûˣһƱػܿ˥ȥĽҲǱ̲һűĿܡϾһδսӵĺֵΡǣͿɪһսʧĺҲźĹء
ŵ¹һ˿âҪӭսѾ׼
ҡ˵Ҫ˻ˮ㣬ɪδûбĳˣܿЩ˻ǰɱɪչдڹ
鳤߹ʵǵҪɱڿɪչǹϵɣ
ǣҡҡͷɪչİȫǱҪ֤ɱûвҲͰˣȻˣʹŻɪչˣͻΪÿɪչΪնȻϲ˵ʲôԺһлᣬļһԻʩѹҶǻҲòáԣɱͬʱһҪɪչ
˶ϵĵӼˣ໥һۣصصͷ
꣡ųɪչƹ֮󣬻סҵׯ԰ׯ԰һᣬ£ҵĹϵôңͽˡ
ãͷ
Ҫܹׯ԰ж𣿡Ŀضųꡣ
ԥһµܣ
ãͷܲҰеɪչ
˼һ£ܹǼ˽ׯ԰жѾ˼ޣȫԼɪչҲİ˸ߡοɪҲкǿıڣӸղſ¼ܹ֪ɪոͲͬ⣬ɴҡҡͷ
ִ˱ʼǱԣһ廭Щׯ԰ͼһ£˵ǽ뵽ׯ԰ܹĿж
һ黭滮һ߲ŻһϸؽšСʱ֮תͷɨһ˵ס𣿡
ţһͷ
һЩݣʼǱϣӲ߬һ󣬾˷ĩ
ҪһЩֵǹŵ¹˵
֪һ꣬ĶǿȥԼǹ꿪˵
ȥʱѾܽˣ
߳˷䣬˾Ƶ⣬ǽһ̳ÿ˹һӣȻֽһУĸȺ
ҵʱ䣬ǼֵĶ档һ߹˽ֵǰŶ롣
ĿһɨǸ׺ͷ֮⣬ѡ׺ͷ˽ǵó꣬ų˵ͷҲص˵ͷվڹ̨һۿŸ
ʮң˿뿪ˡǸ׺ͷҪͳкȴǰŶ֣׺ͷ͸žͿĸ˹
׺ͷɫһ䣬˫ָҪȴʱѾתһ֧ǹȵץڶǹָ
ϰ壬ֻҪû˴ŵ¹һЩǹ֧Ǯո
ϵɫһ£ĿⶸȻãҲϣ֮䲻ҪʲôᣬˣҲ뿪ƹ
㲻صģ국˵ֻҪ㣬Ǵ߳ȥϣǵһɶ˳˰飬ܻܲ뿪ƹ֪֪ˡ
ף׺ͷɴصͷ
ĸ߽꣬ŵ¹Ҷ˺ܿؽŹϣբŶߵ˹̨ǰ潫еӷڹ̨ϴ򿪣Ȼ˹̨ϣһڰ׺ͷĸǰ
ҪԼǹ˵
û⣡׺ͷʱҲԷȻóǮͲҪܹҲûһźȥһ˵
˽뵽ڣһСͲֿ⣬ŸǹеڶСص˵ͷҺ⣡
׺ͷҲЦˣЦ̽ϣ֣¹һֻ˻һע֮ȻѾԵİ׺ͷԱһϣųԾĳ˵˯졣ӦѾ뿪


200 ׯ԰
ǹɣ˵˹ȥ
Ѹٵطֿѡǹ֧жȻѡźʵһԣѡ֮ʼǹ
һϸµĻȶԼҪʲôǹһ֪ҪʲôĿ꣬Ҫ㣬߾ȵļ㣬ֻҪһһ˿ͻᵼǹ֧ϵĲ졣˶СѡԼҪ

һٵĸ˵Ŀⲻ˹ȥ겻ͣȡһ֧֧ǹȻֻ˫һеǹͱһѶ
ЩҲǹһο𾪲ѡɶͣҪҪʲôǹ
֮ǰѾǹǹҪһѾѻǹ
ܿ죬һѴľѻǹͱװϣȻְѾѻǹ˼飬ŽԼڡߵӵӸǰһӶ򿪣ʼѡԼҪӵ
Ŀһɨ۾һ˴׵ӵǴŷ£Ҳᱻһ
Է׶֮ͽҲߣֻ׼ͷԶЩ˵ͻȥԳҪܹܵµĴ׵
Զ˴ţûԼȤĶ˼˿ʱǹϣǸ߾ǹЩ˶ǾþɳϱȻ鲻ǹȴܹǹľ
ǹˮƽѾԶԶسǣЩϱڳ±ǰЩ죬һеĽͶ뵽ǹ֮С
Ĵĳ۾ͻȻһھȻһƬƬɵڣҪл÷롣
ԥѡһЩɵں÷ŵžЩĳЧȱ
߹ʱѾѡԼǰһѣųװһЩɹŹֵؿųʵ꣬ЩЩã
б޻ٺЦ˵
ϱ໥һۣ㶼ĬĬؿʼǹĴѰſûʺԼ
һ֮ĸҲǹϣȻҲͳһʼѡһЩʺԼİ
æ֮һһ뿪ֽ֮꣬բŷȻ˳ŴѸٵŻʹڴƵȥ
ص˾Ƶķ˴ϣȻǰѲɼľѻǹװȻװӵս硣
ְЩɵں÷붼ս磬ǹҲһ䣬װӵսС
ϴһ裬ɵ˴ϣ꽫͸еǸ֮ڣʼһʱΪͻƵһֱûڵĹʱ䶼ϣѾоԼľѾﵽƷڣźƽ
֪˶ãһ㾫ŵ˳Ӵǰ͸⣬ĸˣֽŴ򿪡
ĸ˲ûн˼˵쿭ɪչҪˣӦǰׯ԰ˡ
ã
뵽ǸѾյ˽뵽µһ¥뿪˻ʹڴƵ꣬ǰׯ԰
꣬к𣿡
ЦҡҡͷصƵ֮Ϳʼǰˡв̾Լ治һϸֱ
ɫһæ˵ġ
ɫ꣬ԺԲֱܹûаյ顣
ǣʵʵػش
˺ܿׯ԰Ĵſڣׯ԰ĴſŰ˸߿˹һ˫˫Ŀɨ˹
еĳ꣬˸˵ɫһǶųؼң̬ǳǣ˵СӽҵĹүû˸ӿϻֳһ˿Цݡ
ǿԵĸˣÿ˵жһӣлǰﾯ
棡վڴǰһ˵
Եȣ˸еһС鳤ģ˶Գܿȡͨʼϵ߸ɽĿĸ˵ϡһĸ춯̾ͻͳǹ
ĸȻԷ飬վһܿǸС鳤ͨЦŶԳ˵СϾ͵
ллòصл֮;վȴ
һһӰͳڳҰУŴŴԶԶؿ꣬Цݾš
磡
С˫
Ավŵĸˣɫ΢䣬˲ͷ·ʲô¶һ˿ж磬ҵģ
ͷҲǰԼҪ

ͷϵشųׯ԰ȥֳһ˿죬û뵽Ӧôʹ졣
һԵĸ߹󿴵еĲ죬һߣһüһȻĴָһ˶ԣЦ
һɫӵعŹˣû뵽ô̵ʱ棬ضԸ߹˵ó򱻳ˣ
Ŷ߹Ӳϡ
쿭ɪվͻᵽų߽ׯ԰Ѿܹоׯ԰ڲĽš
ɪ˴ϳһɪžԵźʵﱻɱˣǸһĶ⣬ҴΪ¼ȵڼʱѸ͡


201 
꾫ſһ·ϷֲˣѾԼȫͬͰһ㡣ǣЩ˶ͨˣȻһܹѵȴߡ
ķɱеĸҲãҪԸʮֽӽξ߻кܴѡ
뵽ׯ԰ģ귢ߣҲֻڣȻصΪڲķ
·һܶæµ磬쿭ɪչĵط
վڴ밲һУʱطһ
ͷװ𣿡
вİ䲼ú𣿡
ȻһȺŮ˺ȵȻɵĶɱ˵ĹǻҪΪԱҪǵɱ¶һЩ
Сꡭ˳̶꣬˺ͳһĸˣǡ
̱ܹоĸ˸ĸվһ𣬸ѹ֪
ҵĶѣشȻּһ仰ֵΣ
΢΢һЩԳ˽⣬ܹЩ˴ǰǾǾֵΡͬʱҲЩڴǣ
壬һ¡Ҷ죬߹ŵ¹ǰæġҡ
ǰһѹ˵ǰЩӴϮɱġ
ɫһЩӴϮɱڷƹֵ÷зû˲֪Ҷڲ²⾿Ǹ֯ڶԴ֣ȴû뵽ǳġ
ǣ¶һ˿
ѹֻһС͹Ӷ壬ͲҪˡ
΢΢üͷ˼гߵİæѹһӼ˺ܶ࣬ͬʱҲһʱըΪ׵ؾжϳһ˵ɱȴǱɪգȻɪյĿҲɱǼȥǱɪղܵ˺ɪĵܵ˺ҲԶˡ
ǣ˵ΨһĿҲɱô˸Ͳ˼ɪյİȫӶĹʮףֻҪܹһֶζġһɪպܿܵ˺ܹųÿɪյӡ
һ۾ͿǣҲǰһ˵ڱɪչǵĵһɱǵڶ񡣡
۾һǾ̫ˡҲһ˿ɵҲǿɪչӶģ
ҡҡͷܡ
Ѱ˼һµãǣǿɪչǡԣҲܰǰŵɪյߣɪչԼıڡ
صͷףֻϣǰԼж
˳꣬ͷϵصͷãҸǰŷ䡣֮Ϥһׯ԰
ллͷ
鿴Լķ֮󣬳˱߳Լķ䣬˷ɢ˿Բ鿴ׯ԰ԼٰĴ
ڶ졣
ŵ㡣
ɪһ˵ˣƹһŵ֮Се˶֪һսҪˡɪδǿ󣬵ⲢζŴʹƣҲˣѡǴڰ˭֪ʲôʱ򣬻ĸǶһӵ˿ɪչͷ
ڳķһ㣬߹Ҷŵ¹Ѿׯ԰У˭Ҳ֪ͬһʧ˵ҰС

ϴվ֪һ誡ſɪչطƹ֪ԼסܲԼԼҲ
ţȻһģһվſڣԼ΢Цš׵رϳ誣һִСһĸоЦ˵˫ˣ
磬㣡˷ܵץסĸ첲
磡վڳشк誼Щɬץų첲֡
꽫ȻŹϣ˵˫Ҷǰ￭ɪչġ
עųһչһЦų硣ǣɪչ
֪ǰһ˵ûҪɪյȥλСӦڿɪչ߰ɣ
ͬʱ˵
ͺãӶͳݸ˵а˸ǴϣǾܹͨʱ۲ߵκ
誵Ժлոո˵Ļ˫Ҵӳ˵ᵽһֱֻζȻ֪Ϊʲô׷ɱرгڣǿȫǡ
ã
誷ǳɴؽ˲ϵݸϡһԵҲСذѳǴȻǴϵ˲ϡ
Ŀģ㲻ﶺò˵Ǿñط꣬ȳȥˡ
Ȼɴ˳ȥ
磬벻ɪչ誽Ц˵һѵõˡ
𣿡국Ц˵
ֳһĨΣȴ֮ǰȻסĸ첲߰ɣҽܿɪչʶ㲻ҪʶһҲá
ͷȻŹᡣϾɪչǴĿ꣬Ϳɪʶһ£Ҳӽɪգֹİɱ


202 
һһųĸ첲˳űһ䷿ȥڷĴվڣܹǵϸоߵϢеһڼ誣̬͸¶ǻǷǳְҵʾҪԳ
ûоܾһϲᱻѲκ
ȻǸѲһ֮ʾ˿Խȥ
ƿ߽ȥһ䣬ĸˣ϶͸¶ߵϢͷųܿ㷢ֻ¹֮С
С㣡еһ誴к
Ҵɪչ΢Ц˵
һһɫŮ˳ͶŮͬŮʴ񣬶Ůȴ˼Ӿ
Σȱֱ𷢱ۣ׵ļɢŹϢĿ΢΢һ㶣̶¶ֶеЦݵλǳɣ課ֹһ㡣
ãɪգ΢΢ĸʩһЩӺ͸߹һ𣬱ĵûѧǱ߹˲ٹںĶ
ɪչ΢΢һ˿죬û뵽ᶮǣֹϵĹǡ課˵ֻһͨ˼ҵıͨôֹϵĹǣ
໥һ֮˫ɪչŵʵ軹ǿȣ
裡˵
˵һмңɪչһơ
˲豭֪沢ûнԼǹӶ߿ɪգûи誣˵ǣ
ɪͳ꽻˼ҵķ羰ʤ֮ǰ߹ͰϺܶҵķ羰ʤ䣬һЩҵĳгʲôĳʲôվǶ٣˵Գش˿Ϸ졣ÿɪչԳȥ˴롣ɪչǱ˵²һмҰɣ
룬֪ǶԷоԼϢûʲôֵģߵȻһֲͬͨ˵ϢֻϢͨ˸оͬߵȴܹо
ɪչҲһߣ൱һڵߣȻǸоϵϢǣֳЦ˵ڵ紦ھ֮УһмѾҳȥˣǺǡ
硫ɪչҲ̲סЦĬ֪һվ׼ȥ
֮국˵дһ˿˵ֽȻͬʽһ𣬱˵һԵ誣ǿɪչɲǼʧ
һԵĸȴһֱų꣬ǸоʵƺߣȴһּϬĸоľ
ɪչһȫûзģŵ˵ҽٰһᣬϣܹμӡ
ĸ˵Ŀ⣬΢Ц˵ʤң
ɪչ΢΢ƫƫͷĿһ˿ðһʵʲô磿
ڵڰ˲㣡
ĸ΢һֻڵڰ˲㣬еκһ˶ȫ˿в˵ĸˣҿɪչʵȫܹ˲ء
һԵû˿仯֮ǰڼһʱ򣬾͸оһߣѾ߹ڵڰ˲㡣
ǣȴûиʵԶԶֹڰ˲㡣ûи߳ĵϸ˵ġǿɪյڣҪְ֪˳ĵϸһ֪ɪգΪһߣ֪ЩƻԽ֪Խá
һԵֻ΢Цɪ΢Цεþˣ֪ɷǼ壿
ʱϴĸѸٵжڽɪչܵϮĽǶȫڵһڿ첽ߵǰ
һ¶˧ϴʿЦݣſɪչػɪգˣ
ɪյ¶ֵЦݣɳվȥ
ܸˣ
ʱͷҲͬʱ󻹿ǸߡǸ߾ڣھԱ߻һһУ͸¶ߵϢ
һ߿Խһ߿Զ˿νѾǳȫ
ʱͿɪҲ໥ϣɪֵЦ˵һλѡ
ɳվ¶˺΢ЦԲӬľͷϵ΢Цӵĺ㡣
λ誵ѣҲҵѣ꣬λ
ɫһͣҪֳԳĲмһˣڿɪչǰȴ˱֣ǿ¶һ˿Цݡлǳ͸¶ӵζû뵽Ҳ
ǺǣҲû뵽¶ζЦݡ
ôɪֵʵʶ
ʶҡͷֻɿԲӬǺǡ
ԲӬɪչֳԾĺͺɫ
꣡Ǻݺݵصųꡣ
ǺǡЦݿ˵ʵҲǳԲӬֻ˵ʱһֻӬɷɵǺǡ
ɪյɫ΢䣬ʱ˸ղõų˲ӬԼֱвһģ͵͵ؽֱβϲ˲
һĻñżȻϲ¶һ˿ЦͿɪյĿһɪչһ졣


203 ɱ
ɪպͳĿһҲŭе쳣ɪչ΢΢ӣڿ˿ɪչ֣̾ô¶
Ȼתף׺ݵصų꣬Ｗ֣
⡰һڣվԱߵǸбͬһ̹һų˹һֻȭͷš顱ƿ̥֮ͬƣųͱ˹
棬ȭͷûеӾѾ֪Էڵڰ˲ʵ
һȭһٹ
ĳѾǰ벽ڣѾﵽ˾ǧ˰ٹ⻹ûʹǱط
ԺѸٵһͷո̫ļʣϵֻʹǧһһճһ㽫ԷȭͷƫԼܾȷط˶Էǡõ˶Էϡ
ԷĿ̴󿪣ϲһ¹ȭ
Է㱻ͬʱҽһǹ̡
顫
еӾ͵˳ȥ㹻󣬳Ҳûȫеڿף䵽˵ϣĵغһ𾪵ųꡣ
Ǽ𾪣˶¶֮ɫ֪ʵ͵Ҳһ𾪡
ϳ뿪ׯ԰ʱ˵൱иʱܹ̫ȭİ塣
ǡǡĳ֣ǷѾ̫ȭİ壬ϰְֻܳʽһģһ
⡭ôܣ
誵ɫҲʮ𾪣ĸڡղǷ˵ֻڣղʹӦǧңѾڣʮֽӽڡ
ⲻҪģҪǸпڵڰ˲㣬һٹ׵Ļˡ
ʲô
˵ˡ⡭
ֲøղŻϸоΣա
ˣɪչ纮˪ҵķ䣬ʿأ
¶ЦݣֿЦݡʱȷʵʮָˣЩ̫֮󣬻ûкԹ֣ͼԹ֮иȷԼ˷
΢ЦسſɪոʩǸɪչΪղŵ³çǸٴŹ¸ˡ
磬Һһߣ
ߵ˳ߣųĸ첲òغͿɪչǣȻ뿪˷䡣
ΪɪչڣȻɪչųȥıӰĿзʣǸղ˵Ļֻǰѳ굱һǱˣȴǴĵӳꡣ
ҹĻ١
ׯ԰ƹеʢھУдҶžƱڿĴ߶⽻š
ɪչҲʮæµһȡŷƹ֧֣ŵһЩ档
ʱվڶ¥ϣһƹղİӰУĿѰţżҲͨеһƴСʾʾϵ״ֳͨ誺沱ͷ͹ľ
΢΢üͷûзִӰЩҲÿ˵Ĺڴϣһȱֻ̬رˡ
һ伣һԼЩϮɱˣҲǰΧĿɪաΪ˼ȵı̬һǱᣬϮɱɪգɺ䶯Ч
νԸˡ
ˣȷ飬˿⡣
ңожԲԿɪһˡȻЩƹϲǰμ˿ɪյᣬôǷӦͿɪ֣ᱻΪˡһЩϲҲŹܿ뷽跨һˡʹͬھҲĸԸ
ֳѾΣԺѾγһӡطõļӳ
ҳῪʼʱѾֳĴ߶һûзŹκν䡣ɲϹߣͷ˾磬͸ʮףеİڶ̽ԽԣѸעЩڿĵط
ĿϸһȦûз쳣ˣЩΡȻһԼһ
ԼѡѰɱ㣬ô˲ܲѡطԼһֱԷɱֻעԼʧȥѰɱ㣬ɻƳٶԷɱʱ䡣
һȻȡһ̵֧ȼװ̡ܿؽһ֧̳꣬ɢ뿪뿪˲䣬һ֧÷뱻ص˽¥¥˵ںܿʧ֪֮Ǳ˶¥һӰУԼһеϢ
ڽѰɱ㲻ʮסһƣڴİӰС
·ȥϷһƬڣָٽ컨壬ӽ컨ϣûһϢ¶ŶԷɱһ˴
һ¥һԶŮʼأ§һ衣
˶֮У˽ǵһɪҲ֮Уʱ
컨ϣ΢΢з۾ĹâҲ̶ȵ
ԽԽ˽뵽أտʼң˫Ŀüӱѡ
겻Զһ컨崫΢΢΢һ˵˳ĻǶǸä
컨ƶ¶һ׶һͷ­˳


204 
Ǵ
һСˣһֻƤ䣬ȷΧ֮ɵط
ȻǸѰɱ㣬Ƥطŵϴ򿪣ֿٵװһֻѻǹ
ŵذϣѻǹ˳ȥѰſɪա
ܿ죬ѰҵеĿɪգǹڶ׼Ŀɪչָȶش˰ϡ
ûп۰Ϊɪһֱƶ֪ԼֻһεĻᣬҪȣɪչͣµһ˲䡣
һ֧÷ԶĽطݺݵش̫̽ѨС
ǸɱֵĿһ̶ͣͫ׷Ŵʧȥ˹âһᣬɵڵϡѻǹ˵ϣˡ۵һ죬û֮С
ƮƮش컨ո䵽ϣڶеĶʹ꣬ˡϱһʹõǻͲ죡
Ӱ˲ԭʧգ֮ѾһȴԱߣƿһԾ˴̨һݣִݶķܣڿһݶ֮ϣڰӰһߴȡ˾ѻǹһѸٵŶĸȥ
ӰľڷɿķǱšųĶһǻͲĸոжͱˡ
ʱҲ֪ʲôλãѸٵض˾ѻǹųǹ׼˶һɱ֡ǹڣǸɱֱһɲǣƺӦһپһŴĺ档
ಡ
һӵشӾѻǹ˳ȥڿлһߡ
ۡ
ӵǸɱֵ̫ѨɱֵһΣ̱ڴ¡
ĿѸٵȴɱҲ׷ص¡еĶд꣬ߵǸҸɵģߵǸҶɵģϱߵĲ֪˭ɵġɪѾ׼̷ط䣬ɪչİȫ
˾ѻǹͬһֻèһ˶¥̨뵽¥֮ڡ
صǸѰɱ㣬Ŀȥܿ㿴˸߹ŵ¹ˡ
߹ŵ¹˺ԼһѡڣҶѡ档ղΪҪ֪Ͳɱʮ־޴ĸ֪ж
ȻŴңֲ֪ж˱ɱܱĿɪչҲδذȫɱĿԷǳ֮
ڽͷǹõ̱˳ȥûг߹ŵ¹
ʱ߹һƣɢŹڴţʱͣһЩʿš
ǡ귢ָ߹ͣĵ˶ŮһеĶûУóܱӡ
ŵ¹Ҳڲסߣֻ̬ʮֵغһũҵҵʣһﻹ֪ŪһƬߵЦݿ˫ֵƬȻһҽܣó
һνԼľѻǹ˳ͬʱȡһ΢˷ߣĿ⿪ʼѰ
Ὺʼ֮ǰӦҪ󣬱еĲμˣڵƬ꿴ԳӴľܿͰЩ˵òԺС
ȻҲ쳣ˣôǲƬе˳׼һɵɱ֡ɱԼİ취һܹ
һİ׳ڳҰУһ߷װˣʱһ̣Ϸıƣոմһ˽ſɪյķȥ
һ߽ǹڶ׼Ǹߣһ߶΢˷˵С˫ĵӷһߡ
ĿĵһԱ̧˵˾仰ھǸ߼һǸ˹ȥ
ಡ
۶˰һӵǸߵüġһӰѾߵߣסӣһֻֽӹ̣ɿʧȺ֮С
ĿֿʼطѰĿһ߹ʱһӭһòŮӡ
˲֪˵˼ʲôͼ˶΢ЦžеľƱ
ڳҰУؿֻƱײ˲䣬߹ľƱؿڱһƬ˲˶ǸŮʺȻ߹§ǸŮܿȺʧ
죡
·һһŮһĹʶҪһȥʲô䡭
ƺЩ͵§Ŷȥ
һ˿΢Ц˭ְ
꿴˸߹󣬲ŵ¹Ŀһɨ㿴ŵ¹󣬼ŵ¹ʱסһոմɳվӣ˫ֵһƬϴϵĺЦ
ǸɫһȻ㺬ЦҪӹŵ¹еƬŵ¹ָһеƬͼٵתŴǸӵʺȻڿŻصС
ŵ¹ǰһס˶Էͬһɳϡŵ¹ɳһĨбһ΢Ͷʱըָ΢Ͷʱը϶˶Ȼһ΢Цؽʱըװ˶ǸѾ˳ȥ
һ߹ŵ¹ȺسųķһۣǸһ˿΢Ц
뿪һ򣬳ѾˡڳҰУҵıڣɪյıڣҲȺˡ
ͷ΢΢뿪ѻǹĿѸѰţĿ侲峺
ոò˰ɣǴһһ첲Ӧú׷ֱ氡
ʱеһЩѾе쳣Щ˶Ǹŵĸ߲㣬ʶ㣬þɳ֮ǰԤϵǰɱԼһ˱Ϣȥϲû˿ĻţɪչĿ͸¶֮ɫ


205 
ܹȣܲ÷ƹЩ˸е壬ԼϣԼϢ
ǣЩ˶Կɪոӵ飬׷뿭ɪչЭ飬ЩԭЩҡڲҲ˲¶˾ģҿɪչ̸
ɪչųӺݵЦݣ׷׺ЩԼ̸ʱ䡣
ʱ̣ⷢˡ
컨һͻȻѴӿе
鷢̫ͻȻ˭Ҳû뵽һƻͻȻʱ򣬿ɪչվڵƵ档
ɪչȻбŻ˳ȥһֱڿɪչԵҲſɪչڵϮɪչĽǶȣͿɪչƵһһԻȥ˶ʱȴ˿赲Ů˵жֻͬں滮졣
ֻв֪ʱǹǹ࣬ʱ׼κνǶǹŵƴ컨档
ʱ䣬컨ϱ׶ӿ׶Ѫ
ֻǷɿؿһۣɪչѾʱΣգĿڴ֮ɨ
ʱ֮ѾһɧңرһЩŮӣֵ̿ļС
Ŀһˡһ˴ӳſ˽һ˴ͨ˽һ˸ɴ컨һĿǸոȶεĿɪգ廹ڿУе˫ǹѾ档
誵ǹѸٵ棬ͬʱɪչѾĸڣͬʱ۶˰
顭
Ǹɱӵϵ誺ĸӵڰأͬʱмӵǸɱֵͷ­ɱֵʬӿصˤڵϡ
ಡ
лֳɽûеȵӳ߽ɱַӦɽѾͷ­ֵԵǸС
䷿߳ǸɱָոͳǹͼǽͻȻתֳһˣһ̺ݺݵشĺ󱳴̽ɱֵķ
ûж֣ʱŵ˼㡣
Ϊһֱûзִټ
ôĻΪʲô
Ϊ˴һ
ʱѾȫƵ׹仹ûɴɧҡǹȴȫôڵŮ˵ļȺӿô֮ڷһƬ
һɳĺ棬һڣ˳
ɳ䣬ûע⵽ȻʱشͨһصֱͨʱĴȻ첲ڣǸԭӦöϵ̧
ƷľͻȻظоһ˿ɱһ˳Ȼתͷһ۱㿴ĿĴ̧һ첲
оһ첲ǱԼն
ǣʱѾûʱȥ˼ЩѻǹͬһһӵŴüĺХȥ
Ѹ̧첲ĴȻһþɳ񾭸оһΣ
ܵһͷһӵĶǺХ
һӵǰأβɵһֻؿڴҵʹ֪Ƽ׵ǽԼ£ʱѾһʬ塣
һҧֳ֮ɫѸٵ̧𡭡
ӵǳ귢ģһǹô˹ȥ֮˲֪Լнӽξߴͷ­Եڶǹԥ˴ദȴû뵽ûɱ
ʱѾ̧׼ſɪչ
겻˿ԥѻǹŴ˹ȥ

ӵײڴұϣȻ˽ײ
һ飬Ϥ̶ȣʱѾܹ϶۰װһ΢ͻͲô˻ɪձɣڿɪߵĴ˫Ҳɡ

ľѻǹϵһſӵÿӵ;׼ڴϣײ
ӵ̧ĸ첲һȥȫܹ׼ɪյķ
ʱеҲ𾪵飬һӵ۲ϵ·䡣
ײıڣɪյıڣıֻ˲Ͳ²۰װһ΢ͻͲԵķǿɪչЩ˵Ͼһ亹
ЩѸٵؽǹڶ׼˴ɫһ䣬֪лɱɪչֻҪﶺһӣ˲ͻᱻɸӡ
˲˴ɱɪչжܹɱɪչãܹɹֻҪԼжˣһԼͻȵõδڵȴԼ
Աһξ͵˵ض
Ӷ¥˫ڵһš
˲ڵŽŵ׻ۣ顱һͬһųŵڵ˳ȥ
µĴʯȻѣꡱѿʬŷ˳ȥ
¶˾ģһܹôܵ˵ǰ˴λã˲Ͷض֮С
óȻȥ´ڵ·ǹǳžİ˲֪Ѿ˳ŵصܡͣٵ˵ض˳ŵصŴ׷˹ȥ
𾪵ųʧıӰÿжʮ粻ǳӲϵǹ΢ͻͲɪչѾˡʱֺɵض
ѵ
ɫأʱԼ˳ƺһʮɵ顣һ־֡
誺ȴǵģΪֲܹͣ׷ȥҪʱ̱ɪա
ʱĿɪҲһ𾪣û뵽ԼѾ㹻ӳˣҪԼļ壬ȴԼԳɲ


206 ׷
߹ŵ¹ӲԶԾ˹ܿʧڵضڡʱǼȻѾ˴ټɪչڶౣڵİΧ֮УҶڣѾɱ֣ǵĳꡣɵ˵ض˳ŵص׷˹ȥ
׷Ҫ
ɪǰƹΪɱ˴ټܹŹ̶ߵıڷ
ĸеѸٵس˳ȥɪգͬʱпɪմһЩ´Ӵų˽׷˵ض
ԥһ£ջǸ߱Ǹߵ׷ȥ
꽫Լٶȷ˵˼£صܵƣҪϤ˺ܶ࣬һ·ǰ˳ȥ
ܣ
귴ֽѻǹս磬ȡһǹӵ˼£ȫ˳΢չٵʹ֮ǰľ롣
صͨܿ͸оƿʼʧڶڣȻһֻ״Ӷ
ľ˲佫װಡһַ˳ȥ
䡫
һո𣬳ξͬһس˵ضڡ
ĿĹˣһ䣬Ӱһȴ˳ȥͬһڵһس˴Ŵ׷˹ȥ
ׯ԰бһݣʱѾܵ˴ϣ뵽һ·ϣһȥ
˲䵽˽ϣһοɪչٿᣬƹǿһǰһȭһĲһקͰѳŸק
뵽ڣ̽Կ׿ף˲˳һŴ׷˹ȥ
󣬸߹ŵ¹˷׷׳ڽֵϣһ˳ڳ
ǵս˵ĵһʱȫ򿪣ɿؽӽŴ
һְֻỵ̂˼£ɴӺӾп˳ķڷɿž롣
·һĽֵʱֵϵĳ˺ܶࡣǴȴȫȻˣֻųļ̣׺سײɶȥ
Ŀһĳһװ򲻿ֱײֱܹײ겻ܡ
꾫ȫʮ׾ӳȥļʣͬںˮеһ㣬ڳȺķ϶зɳۡ
˵͸Ӿ۲ĴǸڳʱ򽥽˦Զĸ߹ŵ¹Ҳ𾪡
⡭೵ܹﵽľ
ĳ֣źķɶȥ˺ͳϡ٣һ˺ʹľ룬Ǹ߹ŵ¹Ҳ׷
͸ӾķڷɿؽӽȻϳ˳꣬ϲȻڳŢ̌˳ķ
䡫
һ棬һųķХȥ
ĿһȻһſзɳ۶Ļȥͬʱٵزתŷ̡

ӳķԱߺХںȻըʱѾʻŷ˳ȥԶ˱ը㡣
ǴˣǺԶԶ׷ĸ߹ŵ¹Ҳˡ꾫ȵؼ㣬ֻ΢΢ûıһ˿ǶȣƾԼĳж˻Ȼûܹ껹һߡ
𾪣ȻܹڳʻУԭͲԶĻǶôǿĳУ
⻹ܹ
ŷ̵ֶһ··æͷס˷̡ʱЩ䣬ͷһζһ˲˿־塣һҧŵ·ֱĿռ䣬ɿ˷̣ѸٵץԱߵһװ΢ͻͲڣȻһŷ̼ۣһͨӾųꡣ
ЩҲ𾪵ôͣǸųıӰѸٵؼţҲδܹһ㣬ɶԳһ˿ɵ
ʱ˶Ѿ˹·ͨԶߵϡֻҪǰһ־͵˺ߡ
һĴ֣ڴмһǰ졣
ƬפһǿܹסµǿʲôǿĴڣֻʮңװҲʱǿԶĺ˽߹ŵ¹ǵĳû׷
ͷô죿
ͷһӵĴ󺺣۾΢΢һе쭳ˣȻ䵥ˣǾͽǡǣһٵڶ
ʮѸٵɢڵ·࣬·ɿؽӽȻǰӰӵͬһءաؼ˹ʮӰ嵽룬ӭŴ
ķӦʮݣ˵ʵȫ˼˳ϣľʵܹоǰʹǹһ˲䣬ϵĻͲ档
䡫
һҫĿ⣬˲µǹͼžǿסˡ
쭳𣿸ﻹŻͲ
䡭
ֻһĹ򣬴ͳĳͳ˹ȥûеȵЩùǿӦ߹ŵ¹˵ĳͳ˹
һܼǹǿ˲䵹ʮ߹ŵ¹һĳХ
ͷ׷׷һ
׷˸ƣǸǿͷһŽǸǿߵڵϡ
·ѾܿسĴ֣ķ˴֮ʱ·Ѿͣ˺ߣһҿͧ
ʱôѾ⿪ڷͧ
˫Ŀâһûн˿ٶȣֱŴĿͧɳ۶ȥ
䡫
ͧˣŴڼȥ
䡫


207 նɱ
һշźϵĿͧȥǣٶȱϾһЩͧѾ˳ȥ
ڵѸٵȾۼȵļ˲ͬ͵˫ڳһ塣
ڿǰȥͬǴֱź׹䡣ȴͬһųŵڵźϵĿͧ˹ȥ
ı죬ڿͧĴæͷȥͼͬһڿ˹
Shit
ʱֻһֻ֣Ҫſͧķ̣ϵ΢ͻͲѾûڵһڽӿкͲųڿлܹ
ǣһжֻƴؼӿͧٶȡ
ͨ
ջûڿ֮ͧϣˮСһ̲סЦ꣬һģ
ǣһжڳԤ֮Сڿо;Լ䵽ͧϣǰĿڿͧϣڽˮе˲䣬һץס
ȫʼߣ˫۵ļѸٵ˲佫ֻŵ÷·Ҫһ㡣⿪ʼһͬѣؽڱһı
˫һͬԾűˮԾ˫ŲںϻС
ĴЦȻֹɫӿ˿ͧٶʻȥͲųòһֱץס
ߡ
߹ŵ¹˵ĳͣѾԶȥĿͧںĳ꣬һϳΡ
ֻǼӵʱ䣬ͳӰʧǵ֮С
ϵɫǳѿرǿɪյıڣδȥ¾ͻĶȻͬһһǱſɪյļ壬֪ʲôʱͻܳҧһڡ
˫ץͷһۣѾҰʧ˵߹ŵ¹ˡʱ֮Ͼֻʣʹˡ
ӹһ˿һɽȻ֡ˮС
һֱûþǺ±߹Ϳɪգ֪ʱѾˣֻҪնɱû˻֪Լܡ
ˮеķɽٵſͧ˹ȥֻ˲׷˿ͧ˿ͧһࡣȻˮԾڿһȻͼԴӲϵ
ͧͣ˿ͧϣһɽصԼСʬߵһߣȻڼʻλϣͧתؿ˹ȥ
ȵص˺ߣֻʣ˸߹ŵ¹µ˶Ѿׯ԰ˡû˻Ϊ£껹Ὣɱ˵ʱѾɱˣغס
ҹɫС
߹ŵ¹󰵵ͻȻһӺϴ˷
ܿ죬һҿͧͳҰ֮С
Ѹٵؽǹڶ׼ȫɫһɣ¹£һϤӰ
꣡
˼ؽǹ£ųȥ
꣡
߸磬Ÿ磡Ҳ˷ܵغ
ͧͣ߹ŵ¹Ҳܵ˸ǰɫһ㶣Ƕ˿ͧڵĴǾͷʬ塣
ŵ¹ѴԴץĿԼͻȻĿⷢ˳꣺꣬Ѵɵˣ
ţ
һץͷʬ壬ɵͿͧ
ôģ߹˷ܵʵ
˸߹һ۵ôܹɱһзϺ𣿡
֣
߹Źֵؿһ۳ꡣʵôףǿڴϣҳ껹ǱĿͧšȻ棬Ǹ߹ŵ¹󶼶رܣûʲôǸߣκΣԻؼˣ
ؼඡ
˸ߺһУ˳һҵׯ԰ɳ۶ȥ
ׯ԰
ʱѾָƽ
˶ѾɢȥɪչҲ֪飬ӦڶʱڲжǱһҪΧɱͱʮѣǲܡ֮ǰ͸ɵѾûá
ǣɪչǷʮʹͷ­ɪչʮ𣬾ûץסǴҲû˼ٰɱԼһоϣϾʮĴ̼£ͽĴ׷ɱ
ķ
ɪչм䣬վ誣ĸվĸ䡣ڿɪչ棬վ
Ҷһ࣬ü֮һ˿ؽǡ
Ҿͻ᷵Ӣɪչĵڷ
촽䶯һ£ֻǳĬص˵ͷɪչϲ˪ʦڵǰΧɱǳȷ˴ֹ˴ͻᱻĻͲƬΧɱжͻΪӢȦڲ෹ĴЦԼĸ׶ߣƱܵӰ졣
̾ϢһתͷҶ˵Ҷлл
Ҷͬʱ΢΢ҡҡͷȴûڵĳ֮꣬ǰ飬Ѿһ顣ããĴϣܹ
ллɪչֳʾл
л֮䲻ôʿЦ˵һ͹»Ӣ
һֱ׷ɪչȦѾʲôܡοɪչΧɱļƻʧܣһЩɱһٵӰ쵽ҰŵǻӰ쵽⡣
£ҪʧƱҪһǿļˡĻᣬҲ˿ѡ˿ɪչͻ޸
ɪչ΢һüͷ̾һ˼ʮҲ֪ĿġƱ任Ѿռƣ΢΢Ѱ˼һ£ֻε˵ͷзһ˿ΧɱɹˣҲܹԼԼˡ񡭡


208 
ϴ˼ٵĽŲͣſڣڱȻʹ
ᣬȴܼ٣˵ļ
ÿɪսǰ˹׼
ʱ򣬿ɪչŷ
ſˣһ£ʱ˲ȥɪչıڣǳͿɪչ˷ܵ˵ɪչˡ
ɳϵҶڵһվͳ˴šɪյҲһ˿ڴ̶Ȼʧɫ£ǲɱģԼ̫̰ˡ
һ˿޵ʧаСӣôû
漤վпɪչǲܳȥεȴԶ׼誵Ҳȫϲ֮ɫ
ɪչǸʱŷӦ˵Ѵɱˣ

ʱ˶ЩҲ⡣̶ɪչıҲɱˣԺǲýŴʱİɱˡ
ɪչ̧۵СֵַС죬˫Ŀ֮ʡ
ģǰһĿƵصԼ¡
ģǸСװͷʬ嶼ˣѴԴ
䣬ֻһݺݵж
ʱѾûȥעĶˣΪǶѾ˴ϴ˽Ų˵Ӱſڣǰǳ꣬һͷʬ塣ڳŵ¹ץһͷ­߹ұߣϴŵʿ΢ЦҶ캬Ц˺档
ɪչʱѾվſȥ˵ӭʿǻ
ɪչʱķֹ˻ҪסĻ˽꽫ͷʬ˵ϣһԵŵ¹ҲѴͷ­Ϸ˴ϡ
Ǵɪչһۣ϶
ʱһڽͷ­ּһߣſɪչ˵ͷɪչϾųĵЦݡ
ڷˡΪܱܵ˳𣬶ҸϡԺ˭Ҫļ岻Ҫһɪչŭ
лл㣡
ɪչ˳ϻʪܵģǰȥҵӵһ³ꡣԶһ˿Թ
֮ǰ㿼ǺûУɪ΢ЦųꡣʱҪѳ塣
ʲô飿ЩãȻ֮ǰɪչ飬ֻһЦѾˡ
ɪչֳһ˿װĲãЩֵ˵Ҳ̫Ůʿˡ
ãɫɪչ͡ЦһЦͬٻţεóӵΡֻʣһԭӣ
ǵϴǵļ𣿡
ɪչĻó¶˿Цҡҡͷɪչһ˿ʧҲһˡָ̻Ȼܹ˺ŸѾͣ˭ܹɱҾͳʮ𡣡
ʮ𣿡񲻰ѽǮĳ꣬ҲһҲûпȻԼģðײáǺܿرһ֣ɪչȡֻϸ۵ָ趯¡ӵʱ䣬ֻȡֻ鿴һ£Ȼ˻ʮ
ֻǼ̵شһͺͿɪչǣֺһҸǣһҵ뿪ׯ԰˻ʹھƵꡣ
ʹʹϴ˸裬ɵϺܿ뵽硣
ڶ졣
ͣĸ˺תȥһȻ͸ĸͨһ绰֮ʰһУķ䡣
ķ䣬Ҷ죬߹ŵ¹ڡҶ֪ˣҲ˴ҷֵʱˡҶ죬߹ŵ¹ŸԵ񣬶ҲҪص磬ȥμ˴ȡ
ÿ˵Ŀж¶һ˿ᣬ⼸յĹ֮Ѿꡣ

߳˷䣬Ѹ뿪˾Ƶꡣû͵ɣǹسŷɻ뿪˷ƹ˻
ص˻̵õҪ̷ͣص硣
һ⳵žʻȥ͸ⷱĽֵͲϵżЦ˽
ĿЩãѵһУõ磬Ҫڲñƻ
ִó֪ռѷڵʶй¶£ѾܣҵᶼѾ֪Ҫ˶ã˶֪
ֻܹһ飬Ǿǿռѷڲ赲Ѿ˲ɿƵĵزò˶ãͻ͵ռȫԽӣǸʱĵƽ٣Ļգ
ʹر۾Խʵ
ӵʱ䣬۾ʱѾûãֻ㡣һǵػߣػҵʹ
¡¡ӿ£ħ򡣳ֱɻͷֱھһȻħȥֱ˿Уʧʡ
Ϥһδӿдͨڣŵ䵽ײڼž򿪽ţ̴洫һĿųɨоͬɢɱ֮ʱһջĿ⡣
߳˻أŴϵв̾ЩΪĬĬĸ


209 ũսԱ
Ϊ˱ĿֻţϽ뿪Щ˹ͬһÿһ˶ûԹԣ֪Ϊ˱ȻûͻƵڱ̭ȴΪ˲ţͬĬĬŵΪػԹ޻ڡ
˶ãҲͻ᳷ʱռѷ콫ܣЩҲԷصԼļžۡͬʱҲӵкܸߵĵλΪ벻ǡ
Ǹʱ򽫻飬ܹһ֮ǣͬҪ
ûк˼棬ûмһ棬̳սǰѵӪ
վѵӪĴſڣһ󼤶
ֻǼûпԼսѣʱվڴ֮ǰе˼ȴӵǿҡ
֪Լսѵôˣ
Ʊѵ˰ɣ
֤󲽵߽˾ӪԼӪȥһסڴ˺ʱʮֵС
˻סصĴ⣬洫˺͡顱ض
üëһֳ˷ܵɫſֵڵʿ˳꣬۾Ҳһֳ˼֮ɫ겻ʿԼʲôӣаѵ˸ֵˣ
ֵڵʿһȻסȥ
һ뵽סسɫһ㶣ʱڲٳϵսԱѵѵʮֲԡ
ʱڲٳϵսԱڷֶԸ񶷣ҵĳ̶óĿֱܹ࣬÷ݡҳܹоһѹֵڿи

ѹ֣ΪÿһսԱ֮ŷйѹֵ
ô
ţ
սӵˣѵũܵսԱˣ
ɫһ䣬뵽һܣѵũܵսԱħսԱ۸ˣ
顫
һӰԷ˳ȥصˤڳĽ¡ͷһͯս̧ͷŶһʶ
ֻһǾǶ潫ͯսɵũܡ
꣬ˣͯսոշվͿ˳꣬ϲ
ǳ꣡ǸüëһϵսⲪ˳
˭ɫ˭ͯս궼׼Ź
ũտ
Ȼũܵˣһŭ뵱ũսԱͰڳһ߸ϵģħѵóǾûʲôӡǹ֣ȻڽѵԼսѣɫ䡣
ʱħսԱ˳Ͼ¶˾ϲ֮ɫڶԴ֮вɷһũܵսӻٳũսԱЩڸʲôڲɱǾȻĲɱѾ˼ˡ
վҴ򣡡
ɫӵغ䣬ĿɨЩũսԱ
顫
Ŀ⻹ûջտҽǰһ̤µĵ澹ȻһĿӣαߵͬһųŵڵų꼤˹
ĿɨЩũܵսԱûȥտһۣľȴȫͷţտһһسԺС
ڵڰ˲۷壬ǧŰٹ
Ǹһ˿̫嶼ûʩչֻԴŶԷѹûпԷһȻһȭӲԷȭͷ
껹ˣûнǧ˰ٹȫͷųֻͷǧ
ǣʹˣ˵ȭͷײ˲䣬տ͸оԼһȭ˳Լ۶װ׳ϡ
顫ꡫ
տξ͵˳ȥֱ۹۵
ЩũܵսԱħսûзϡһħսԱܹǿ
Ǿһ˲䣬ƷչĽȴǳԾ
ֻһȭ
ʹǵĶԱⲻЩũܵսԱͬͻȻס˲ӵѼӣʧȥһ𾪵ŰȻĳꡣ
ũǰɣ껺ǰȥ߹ǸոմӵտߣĿũսԱһһɨ˵һϰɣҿЩũܵսԱʲôʸб
еũսԱ۾ͷųŭһԱŭȵ̣
δȺг˳˫ڵߣӣ˲嵽˳ǰڿһһȴ˿ͬڿը죬ųԴɨ˹
˸һ˿âһȵȻﵽǧٹӦʲôط
ξҪֶνѵЩŹԼѵĸ߰ũսԱûѡܣȫǿ̬ѹԷ
ȻǧһȺͶԷıӲ
顫
ԷȹϾʹ˳ǵʹ˲ͷð亮ⲢûнһӲײ˶Էı֮˳һ²ȣ¡һ㽫ԷӿвһŲ˵ϣΪֹԷһ۶ûпĿŶһȺũܵսԱ˵ôȺŹûеǵı¶ϣϣǲԼҲ
ũսԱĿⶼһ˵ϣĿҲ˹ȥһʮˣĸߴ󣬼ϸ˫ȴ׳ֻǴۿܹ̲ſ񱩵
Ŀڿײ𻨡Ǹ˴Ⱥ߳ų국˵һϣӮңӮũսԱ
국һЦǲӮ㣬
㣿Ǹϱŭɫ


210 
ѵղҵĶΪӮѵֵԼϾͲô¶ˣ㲻֪ʩ𣿡
Ǹ˵˲ǵͨ죬һҧǲҴ˵
顫
һԷͳֻļǰʹеļı֮һֱȭͷڳмٵطŴȭͷûеǰѾ档
˲жϳԷѾﵽǧٹȭͷϵĽͬһֻֻܶͣ˲Էȭͷͷ·ʹһȦ
ɽȭ
һ۾ϳ似ܹ˲佫زԷɽȭ˵㡣
˲佫Լ˰ǧҪôѹԷöԷԼǰΡ
顫
ڳսԱʱо·һһͿײǸũսԱ˲һ٣Ȼ͵˳ȥڿʧأصˤʮ׿ĵϣһƬҳ
Ҳһ˿ɫԷȷʵǿԼǧѹ£ȻǱذˣǺԼԵȭͷȴûйۡ
ǸũܵսԱӵϷųĿ˸ͣյ˸߹ͷ˵ˣ
ǸնȺ˳꣬ˡҲ
ɫһ㶣磬ôˣ
̾һֳ֮ɫЩڳڵ˵ǡǡˣ
죿ȫˣֳԻ֮ɫ
ǡǡǱӪˣȻǵĹˡڰ˵
ʲôŴڲٳϵȥ֮ϹȻͺͺģĹ첻ˡ
Ϲأε˵ӪӮˣ԰ѶԷĹߡҪع죬ҪӮԷ԰ѶԷĹӮǡƴѵϣЩܹѹ
꽫ĿũܵսԱǸҵɫһ죬죬˵ҡҲˣ
ҡҡͷתͷǸҸɵģ
΢΢üæ͵һ滻һսԱǰ벽ǣǡǶ֡
벽ǣ۾һԭһֱԼﵽ˰벽ʧȥ˲μӴʸ
벽ҲԲμ˴𣿡
ԣͷ
ǡǰôû˵Ϊʲô֮ǰûп벽ǣ
͵ͨ£Ҳ벽ڵߣΪΪﵽ˰벽ǵһ㶼ѡչͻƵڡμӴƱػᵢǵͻơǣɨ֮Ǿһ벽ڵߣ˵ǳʽʧܵһߡͷ֮󣬸ҶδȵϾ˺ܶ࣬һҶ뷨跨һ벽ǡ
ǻΪʲôһ벽ǣʵ
̹취Ҷߵʮӵģⷽ治ǿ벽ǡõİ취ܹҵһͻʧܵߡҲֻߵҪԸСڣûϢ
³һǾͲˣھȥӪأǵĹ˳ǵĹҲ
꣬Էǰ벽ǣĵ˵
Ҳǰ벽ǣüë
㡭ͻˣǰ
ţȥִʱ򣬴ͻˣ
һԵһɫҲ࣬Ͼһ벽ǲˡгڣŶعϣ۾Ҳ
꣡յ˸ǰ˵Ǹ߿һϰ벽ǣͻƸոʧܣոͻƵ벽ǡ
˵ɫЩĵ˳ꡣ
һͻƶʧܵʲôõĵģߣ
תӪشȥ߳˴ţڴſڵֵʿ۾һͬغ꣬ͣ
Ӫصǰ꿴һվڴߵֵڵʿһŰѹرյĴ߿
źȻһ飬ľӪҷɡ
˸£
ʿų˹˫ȭһʿ͵˳ȥ
ŵĺòٳϵžͿֵʿ˽ɷ׷״ȣ˸£˭
Ӫȵ
ٳ߾ۼһŻ߻ƽЩ߼꣬ɫ׷һ䣬ǵǿվмĴ󵺾һֳſɫ
󵺾
벽ߣǧٹͬһһֹٲ˷ʤ
ʱ󵺾Ա˵ĽͣҲ֪˭һ˲ûзǿҲֻ˲㣬ܹǿ
СҪһаȻڽ£衣
󵺾ͻȻʧˡ

ľ˲ͷ˳ھУ󵺾ɿԼӽָֻ˳˫ۡ
úݶ
˫Ŀһ˴ĳԼͲÿˡ
ʱ󵺾Ѿ˳ǰָ˫Ŀһ磬¶˲̵Цݡ
ͻȻǰĳһ£˫ָˡ΢ʩչȻһֻ֣һѿס˴󵺾ĲӣСൽ˿С
ŶŶŶ󵺾ͨ죬ǻȱһԡ
꿨ס󵺾ӵĴȻһקͬʱϥ϶˴󵺾
顫ꡫ
󵺾ȻڿлһĻصˤڵϣѪѾȥһȧǱһϥǸˡ
󵺾˵ϣѾ˹ȥ


211 Ӫ
Ŀɨٳߣ˵ǵĹ͹
ʱʿ˳ɨǵĳһȻʧûһ˸ҳ
ǰ̤һ߲ɿƵؼ嵹һֻóǵѹͬɽһһ˵Ĺ졭ˣȥӪ֮󣬵ڶͱӪǵĹˣ˳ҲǵĹˡ
ɫһ㶣̧ͷٳϵȥȻҲǹͺͺģû˹졣
΢΢ü˭

ӹ
תŴȥ߳˴ţ㿴ԶĺӪءҡҡͷźӪȥȻǺ˳ֽĹˣȴֱӪԳҲû֮ǰһԷĴš
ӪصĴǰضֵڵĺʿ³֣Ӫ
ֵڵʿ˳һۣȻʶ꣬ʱǵ̬û˿ı仯ΪǵӪһ벽ǣǲųܹӮ
ţеһʿŴȥһʿǾעųꡣ
굹ûǸʿ˼żԵİ벽ʵΡ
ղǸ󵺾ԼܹһнȡɵأϾ󵺾֪ԼȻܹؿ
ǰһյ˳ǰ˵Ǹ벽һˣǡص絶ƴ˵Ѿ˵߲㣬ÿһصﵽǧ
صüëһ似ûмʶв˺档
ʱǸʿ˻ų˵
ͷ߽˴ţŲٳȥѾʧĺһƬģֻлٳĽŲ
߽˲ٳʱһλ߶ѾۼһĿȻ˳һߡ
Ϊ׵ǳʱ򣬺ɫһ䣬˲ָֻƽĿվȺм
ͣס˽ŲĿ⻺شӶɫɨ߾ͬһ㣬һĿ΢һ˿
˲ÿ˵ļ両Ӣˣ̽һ˿˳ȥ
룬ϾԼĹ첻ǺӪȥģԼѾӪ˻ȥܹͻҲûбҪ߶ԷӪ
ǣ¶һ˿΢Цʣλ
Ⱥеٲ˳´һ³꣬ư˵Ҿǣǣ
꣡
Ŀ΢ǳꣿ
ʱҲڴĲߣǺܶʵһķĸоȣأȷʵһصĸо
˵ͷҪڣȴʵӪģ
ҡҡͷ
ɫЩãʲô
ЩЦԼˣѵԷ֪ԼҪģװģ
ûҹĹģ
Ĺ죿Ȼ֮ǰԼӪ˳ҲĹ˻
㲻᲻ǵ˰ɣ
ǵã¶һ˿Ȼǵá
ǻ黹ң
黹Цˣ˵黹͹黹
ɫҲ˵֮أ
´ųù˵
ãصͷ
˳ֹ
ס˽Ųֵֵ֪ʲô
Ŀأ
ɫҲһ㶣ǰԷ֣ԼˣûйˡȻԼ䣬ǶԷ֪
˼һԲȥ룬ֱ˵˵
˵ֻҪԺǺˣҪ˵һ顮ҳ򲻹ˡ
Լһ벽ǻһ˲ǻСһ
ֻҪӮ˳꣬ټϳҪǵ溰򲻹˵Ŀںţƾ˥䵽¡˴ȣ˵ǰˡ
ҪͷӦȻһͷ˺Ӫڵˣͺͺģһ
̾ˣ⺫ҲǱӪˣҰǵĹˡһͲұ֤Ĺ컹ˡ
ĿȤ´ŶЩȻغȵôûеˣ
ҲָָָֻٳϵǸˡͷһͺվﲻ
ҲǵĹȥҲԴӦǻȰҹĹóҿһۣȷ
ɫʮѿؿ˳һ۵Ҫ֪ǵĹҲҪӮҡ
ʱҲˣһԷģ֪Ĺ첢ûԳ˵ҲʲôˣҽӪģ㲻˰ɣ
£㵲סһУ
ص̤ǰһ澹ȻһƣϵȻ˱仯ͬһԵաͷŰԵϢ

Ҳ̤ǰһʱ˷ܣص似˵ȴûмϵ̳ϱ˴úҲмƬ¼񡣵Ƕȫóһֱܺ档ǣֻǼƬξóһӡ
ʱΪ˽ص似ܹõԼѹǧٹȻҪԼľѹ֣Ҳ뱻ѹ
ϵʼٵشܶڴһžž죬ͬһıڱȼ
ڵ죬ϵļͣһͬһȫϱҵϢһһȭ򱬿֮ӭһȭ


212 Ӫ
Χۿ˫Ŀⶼһһ̤΢һѷͬŶѶȥ
ڳȴû˿ɫϵı仯絶ȴͬһսһ㣬˿ܹۿɼһ£Լطֿ
һصն˳ǰء
һصĸоѾ˼ϵĵɽȴִϬĵâصδǰѾо
͸һ˿˷ܣһصܾȻ˹
ûѡʽϵı仯صŻֱֳַӴֱȭΪȭͷͬһ޴صȥ
顫
һһײ˽ײ𵴳ΧɢȻۿɼ֮СĿռڼγɵ˵˲ʳƬڿƮɢ
˫΢΢ҡΣ嵹˰벽˶ңûеȵǰ׷˵İ벽Ѿγһҹһֱ絶һص˳ꡣ
漴ֵҲ˳ҽһţųԾ˹˫ڿͬʮصϵܼ˳꣬ն·һŵ֮С
ص
ÿһص·ſɽĵϢʱѾڳʧҰоص
ۿŵصȻһ󱳵ļͬһȻ˲չαͬھ˫ȭͬѾ޴
˳ƻҰ
ǽҰϵһֻ˲ʽνӣͬԼƺͶƶõ˼¡
ԭصӰͻأس޴ͬǧ滨˺صƿ֮һص
顭
ڿоص˲䲻һӰŵ˳ȥڿطһͷŵȥ
ǰֻ˫ץ˹ȥǾһץס˫Ҫ˺ơ
˫һ˿𾪣ڿһ׹ȱֱųͷһ֮ƳԽ˫γصͬһԵ¡
˫ֻצΪȭֻͬţȶײ˹ȥ
Ȼһ죬ͬһڵը졣µĴһ˫ųһη˿УԶ¡
ڿһ·֮󣬳Ѿͬһ̹һسײ˹Ŀһû뵽Ȼʱп϶Ѿ˲㣬ǰ벽ǡ
뷨֮࣬Ҳûſص˲䣬˫ڵһţӭųײ˶ȥǾ˶ײ˲䣬ӰͻȻʧڳഫһصƿյ
ĽŲһһصԺлղӰԼҰͻȻʧĳвظһͷ
ʲô似
֮󣬳꾹ȻֽԼѹƵǧͶԷһ㡣Ȼչ΢ͶԷƴ
ѹټɾһ˫絶Ǿų꿪ʼط
ֻǼغϣͶԳʧȥ似ȴǲȴͳ΢һϣ򲻵ʲô˲ֽԼǧٹһʽ󵥱˹ȥ
顫
һε˳ȥγӰغܿ죬˲佫ٴǧ
һȭȴ޿ɱܣֻܹ˫۷ʮֵֵ
顫ꡫ
˹ֱӱ˺Ⱥ֮УļҵۡһһѪ
ôܣ
ʱѾӵվʵûŷʵǳǰ벽ǣԼҲǰôôԼȻһ·ѹش˫ۡ
ĿŶ˵죡
ĺһƬţɾػܣﻹҳ
ɫҰܣǻѪգһǿ˫ϴʹ˵ǵĹ죬Ĺ죬ǻĹ춼ӡˣ
ӡȣ
ӹһ˿ЦоһֲԼڵʱڣӪӭһӪĿ񳱣ԼĹ컹δӡӪڣ˵ᵽ
֪ͺˣֱȥǸҵӪؾˡתͷҡ˳˼ʱ˳ﻹа
ҡͷ˵һֱӪڿ֮鲻֪
û취ˣֻһȥˣ
ҡҡͷ̾ϢһתŴȥ߳˴֮⣬ĿΧӪȥҵӪسӪڵƮ֮⣬µӪ϶ǹͺͺġ
ˣѾԻ϶йҵĶˣ
΢΢üͷ˼ǲֱǰӪأû֤˵£أ
ˣȥӡӪؿɣ
ӡȵӪȥûߵӡӪصĴſڣӡӪصĴźȻ򿪣һȺӡսԱ
ԭӪѾӡӪڣ˵ǳˣȻ֪ΪʲôȥӪΪľǱӡߴӺûġ
ӡӪصĴǰĿɨЩսԱһߵϡ
Ʒ۷ľ׵ؾͿǸѾǰ벽ǡ
ǸӡȰ벽ǾһǸ벽ҲػһȻ˵ǳꣿ


213 
ǣ
֪⣬Ѿˡ
꿴һǰ벽ǣ߽һ׾ţΪ˵ˬ졣ϱ¶һ˿Цݵ֪ҵĸң
İ벽ǿ˳һ۵ҲǲС
䣬ϱս⣺˵ǿңͻ֪䡣
ͷʱѾԷһʧܵߣӦҪͨԼ֣ѰͻƵ
ã
һ˲͵˶ԷĸǰһȭͬŶԷǰغ˹ȥǧ˿ڶԷ˲Ŵ
Էɫأܹоݵ̧ӭųȭͷԻ˹
оâһŶԷܹʤԼԷѡԼӲһȭܶԷ
Ȼ䣬һĿһ
˵һȭͻȻԷ۾һߡһӾͲ˳ϣȻ˳ųֱ
ֱۼȫ߸ѧϵ֪ʶͬһһֻ˲ųұ˳ǰ
ָ£ͬͷų̫Ѩȥ
٤
һ˲ǧұһ𣬴ܶдһƬͱѵ
־ҵ˲佫Էڳұϵֱ𿪣ֻͬͷһҲʧȥ׼ͷ
ಡ
ֱͬƤһ˻ȥǳһѾߵ˶ԷСǰҵľԷ·ѹýСϡ
ԷŲһ£˫û뿪棬˫ҲԭλãֻСλ˲ƣóһžȻ߿ա
ǹ죡
ͷ߳ȥĽŲûջǸĳ˺ޣɨ˳ȥ
顫
Էɨ˳ȥǧѪڵһվֹ̧ס˳ǰĶ˵ǵĹڰ
εת߳ӡӪصĴţŰӪصĴȥ˰ӪصĴǰȴ֪սԱȥϷǵӪӪȥˡ
ŰӪصڱһԭǰǸ벽ڽӡӪ֮󣬸ջһӣϷǵİ벽ǾӪˡⰣİ벽ǸûлˣȻǱϷǵİ벽ǻܡ
ⲻ
İ벽⼸ָ֮󣬾ȥϷӪȥˡ
ͷϷǵӪȥſڱ굽Ҳûеһų˾Ŵȥ
սûжãٳϴһŭ
޵꣬ϴǳ֮Σξѵɵˣ
ʱѾߵ˲ٳıԵڲٳϷֳӪһǰսԱһϷǵսԱӳϾֳܹ
Ϊ׵˸վڸԹսԱǰ棬˵Ķߴȴ˾֮һ֪ǲߵ̲ſµ
ȣһҴ˾ǰˣ͸ʲô
оһ֣˵ֻȤȡѵϲȿ
겻֪ǣȡʮ⣬Ǹĸϲʲô͸Ůʲô֣иĸֱӸӢ֣ΪϲӢ
޵꣬ɵСˡһҪ㡣
ƾ㣿ܹһΣܹڶΣΡҵǰԶûӮϣ
ۿ˾Ҫû˼Ƿֳʤ˵ԼĻδֻҪܹԼĸң뿪Ųǰ˴һ
ԣǰһ
ͬʱתͷ˳꣬Ȼͬʵ˭
꣡
΢΢һ㶣˳ĿġҲŰĿȵҹĹ𣿡
ȴʱһûȥ꣬ͷذ˰ֵվһԵţҽѵɵСˣٻش⡣
ȡ
Ļû˵꣬һϷǵǸ޵Ҳͷسų˰ֵ꣬ϷǵӪأӭ㣬뿪Ҫҽѵ
ȫҶ̾ͻˣƿڴ
Σֻһβڵλ
죡תͷһų
ɫһͣҪ˵ҲŻһջӪҲȵزͷԭ߸˵ػȴ飬ٱһŭԼҲһɻð˳
ҿӣǰ˲ֳʤͲԼҪ˴ܾˣԼô֣
ְɣ
Եس֮Σ
ְɣ
ò
һòͶһĳ裬ǳ겻ܹܵġ

̾һ漴ü㣬ԼŭĿӵ˵һϰɣ
ʲôȺ޵ûϷӦ
ε˷ֱֵ˵һϡ
˶һۣһĲŵʵ˼һ㣿
ǣֳεҸջҪϢûʱ䡣һϣȻң
ſ񣡡
Ȼû˵޵ŭˡô˵Ϳȶǰ벽ǣų겻ڰ˲㣬Ȼ벽ǵǰţ̵ܹȥ
޵ǰһŭȵСӣ֪ߵغ񣬽үүѵ㡣
Ҳǰһתͷ޵ҵģѵ
޵ҲʾسſȺҵӪأ˵㡣
ӪأȾͰӪظˣȺʾ
޵꽫ת˿ȡ


214 ɨӪ
ϲһЦֳһӵһߡ
λٴֹס˵Ҹλӵ׼ʱ䣬ȻҾҪˡ
Ⱥ޵ɫһ㶣û뵽Ҫ֣ɽĿһ˳ꡣ
һ
겻ٷϻĻᣬԹԵؿʼ

³˵ڶ֣Ⱥ޵ɫһŭʼǺ졣

Ⱥ޵ûжǶ˼ȶ֣˭ȶ֣˵ԼԷ
ǣȴٵȴˣ˫ڵһţξſȣͬһɱгײ˹ȥ
˲佫Լ˰ǧҲûԹ벽ǣҲǺеס
Ȼ֣ǾͲҪٸֵĻᣬȡһлܿȣȻһ޵꣬ȻҪࡣ
ȼԼ˹ϵŭʤʾʲô
ʾڳԼ޵꣬ôԼ
˫ڵߣ˳ǰȻ¶ףȥ˳ŵһȭͬʱͬһһؼתΪᣬñֱͬһ糵һų˫ɨ˹
Ȼעϣûȥ㣬ǽ˫ȼعעȥȻȫ·ʱͻᱻһ㡣
顫
ȵӹһ˿ЦȺݺݵɨ˳ϡ
ûеĳȶˤĳ֣ͬɨһϣˤ˳ȥˤȥķʽͬһһת
е˶һ㵣ǻߵҲ⡣ѾͨղŵӪʶ˳ǿȴû뵽ǿ˳̶ȡ
ûжĶֻվɿȵıȳڳϣÿˤ˳ȥ
顫
ҽǰһ̤α˳ȥһʽţұ۱ͬǱڹľеĶȻܳҧ˿ȵʺ
ڿȵУұһߣϵĺëȫҪǱҧʺֻһ·
ȵ˳ɵڵϣһֻŶߵߴ˹ȥ
ߵȻһŤ˿ȵһţתͷſȵĽ׾һڡ
һҧ˿ȵĽϣʵǳץס˿ȵĽסųͦ˦ۣҡ
ȵڿлһĻߡ
顫
ȵصرˤ˵ϣ˲˹ȥ
վһԵ޵ʱ˹ֻǼӵʱ䣬ֻǽһΣͽˤڵϡ
⡭̫˰ɣ
顭
˫ߵ棬һƬ̳Ѿͬһٱ۵г޵ײȥ
ųγ嵽޵ĸǰҲԽԽߣ˫˲Ӱ޵˹ȥ
ţ
顭
дһر죬޵˫ȭͣػػֵųš
ȴǲͣˣ¸ӵزȣֻǲһͱ߷˳ȥ
˫ͻȻջأֱǰ㣬޵ѹұ絶
ص
һصǳոģƽʱʹǰͬصһ㣬ʱֵںϽصƣơ
ĺХͬŮ˷ļС
һסκܵĽǶȣ޵޿ɱܡΨеֵ
顫
޵˫һܣɽѹ˫ֹ۵ƣ˫ϥһ
ͨ
޵˫ϥһ˵ϡ
˫أվ޵ǰ޵ꡣ
ˣ
޵ѵشӵվ˫Ⱥ˫ۻڲͣز
һڵϵĿ˹޵Ǿ䡰ˡо¶֮ɫ
Ȼ겻ϵһԶܹô̵ʱڣսʤ벽ǣһּĸо
ȵƫͷſȵ죡
һؾɥʱ˵ԭΪϴΰܸ޵ԼոӪϣϵûлָ޵һˣġ
û뵽ûбȴܵ˸Ĵʱ𣬱Ŭ̧첲޵ָָ
ֽĿ޵꣬޵ֳһ˿Цȥˣ
Ѿ뵽ˣ֮ʣҪ֪ԼһվҪȥ
֪˵ص㣬˵תͷߡ
޵
ĽŲһ٣عͷ޵ꡣ
޵ɫһͣɬһĭʵԸʵ𣿡
벽ǣ
䣬̤뿪ϷǵӪء
ӪصĴǰ꾲վȴš
һһʿ˳һƣͷŴȥ
һߴվڰսԱǰ棬ųߵĶ棬ûеȵ꿪ڣһ˵
һϵ̷˱仯һֿ񱩵ı仯ڳĸоУͬһ쫷ɳĮų걼ڶ
𡫡
ɳĮһž޵ͷ­ſ˴ųɶ
˲һֽҹĸоƺ֮䶼ɳĮڡ
ơ
ϵ·ʱϣ졣
üһֳ˷֮ɫӪŸоѹ
κ˰벽ȴȻһţβ˷һţӽŵȣͨ۰͵ƣһֵֻͷ­Ļ˹ȥ
˦֣
·һֻĴִźХ쫷ֵֻͷ­Ļ˹ȥ˦ֻδǸ͵ƷѾɾͷ­ɳĮʼɢ
䡫
һı죬Χۿֻһ
һӰ˳ȥһѪ


215 һս
顫
صˤڵϣһƬҳ

ž
Եļž
Χۿ߾ǾһƬ
սԱȫû뵽ǵ֧ôһ֮±Ѫ
սԱʼһֱڣΪѾ˳ļ״̬ԭǻһЩģϾЩҵĶǱǿ߶ߣҲζųԵ߻ԽԽǿȴû뵽ǿǿ
ŶȥʱǸ벽ҲӵվĿ˳ǿ
죡ûжĻʱѾЩͷ
Էҡҡͷڷƹ
ƹ
Щ⣬û뵽ԼոմӷƹȴҪȥ߷ƹӪˡ
ƹ
ôһСξȻһ֣
һ˿Ȥ뿪˰ӪأŷƹӪȥʱܶҵսԱ֪˻ĳˣҸջӪһܳ֡
ƹսԱȻҲ֪飬ʱվԼĴӪǰŰӪشȥʱҲ֪˳ΪʲôҪӪҷƹҲ֪γӪɹһǷƹӪ
ǸʱԼô죿
Ǹƹİ벽ΪѣȴѾ󲽵شӰӪ˳Ǵ
ӪʹƲϵʱŷƹǸ벽л·ɽѹ˹ȥ
ߵƹսԱǰͣ·ɽҡΣʱŶѹȥ
죡
ƹİ벽Ƕһ亹ûڰ벽ǵϸоһϢĸоȫ᲻˿ս⣬Щ˵޶ȥˣ
˵仰֮ǵͨ죬ڸսԱǰδսˣǻˡ
ǻѾڣѾˣҲûתܻ˴ڡƹսԱҲûһܻ˴ڡ
۵
űٵعˣ
굱ʱû뵽ƹİ벽ǻûйԼֻ¶ƣͱԼˣ
Ҳߣ
֮
вɶԷƹһ˿ӡϵƶЩ飬ûй
Ŀһ˰޵Ӫأ껹ûоٲͼһߴİԼ˹
ޣά
һ䣬ϵļȻ𣬶߾һ·˺ѵ
˺
ĿһԷ·Ȼ¡ļѣ˲о̲ſ񱩵
δȶԷ㣬΢˲չͬһάǰһȭ˿顱糵̥ը죬ͬһ֧ìֱֱάǰغ˹ȥ
̫ȭ乭仢
һȭάƤֱоϢ͵һȭӲӣ
Ųһ˵һȭһʽȭų̫Ѩ˹
һǰȭ˳ͷֱܹӽͷ­򱬡
ϥȭսŰڱۣȭײ
̫ȭ
顫
άĻ󱳺ݺݵײǰءά͸оԼͬһ۵Ŀײһ㣬ɤһ𡣡ۡһһѪ뿪˵棬ź˳ȥ
ͨ
άصˤ˵ϣһѪѵ̧ͷ˵䣡
˵̾ٲսӵĴȥ
ɨ
ɨ
ɨ
һ·ɨ˹ȥʱվǰ𷢰ˡ
䣬֡
ŲҶࡣ
ɫһ㶣ҵİ벽ôոһԸԼ
Ǹ˲Ķֲ֣дĻᡣҶ˵úʹ죬ϸû˿Ĳ˼
ˣѵǱŷѧ
ȻѾɱ⣬Ǿս
һνȫ۷塣
ǧ˰ٹ
һԶ
˿⡣
ͬһءˡǰȥ˵ĸǰսţȭȭ
̫ȭ˫
ǳһȭ⣬ųӣ˫Ѿͬӵغأӵ
ͬ޷壬ֱŸֺ͸ҶԴ˹ȥ
Ҳǰ벽ˡ
ˣ
Ц
ѾǶһٺˣҪҪˣ
ͬʱѡӲӲͲֻ򲻹ꣿ
Խ㣬һ죬ͬһ㡣
顭
ԹԼ۷һȭΪ֮ѡ
䡫
һ죬ùۿ˶һΪ֮ʧϡ
ֺ͸Ҷཡ׳ε˳ȥ䵽˵һ·ĵغˣջһƨ˵ϡ
ۡ
ͬʱһѪ
䣡ͬ˵Ŀһ˿塣
죡
䣬Χ㴫һŲĿһ˴Ⱥ˳
˲˶Է뷨һһϰɣ

ĺ
һս壡
սԱʱֻһѪĳ嶯ͦñֱ
ԶԶأļ̹һĻ۾Щʪ
ˣ
ꣿꣿ
ûӢˣ
̧ͷԼˮֻȭͷвɶֹظֳһͷ֮ȥ
꣡
һսǷܹӮܷ񽫹
㶼ǻӢۣ
ݵݺע㲻
߶һۣͬʱٲųΧм䡣
¹أԭǵ֡Ҹ˲Ķ֣ȴ㽻֣ܹҵõ顣
սʤ֮󣬾ֻʣйҵĹ춼ȥˡ
ӢġһսʤˣǻΪȥˣǻȥΪĹ
һĶʿԺ㽻ֶԺ
άҮڰ벽Ѿû˶֣¾ҲδĶ֣ҵľ񣡡
žͬʱų꾴һ
žػһ
ž㳡һƬ¹ӢսԱسŻսԱķһ
žսԱͦñֱѪӿͨսԱһ
㳡ϼž˵Ŀⶼ۽ڹ㳡˵ϣھ˵Ѫÿ˵ʡ
룡˳վĳ˼ƣȴųĽ
ž˵Ľ˴һԭоô֣
˵һ;ٶҲóھ˵ѪԭѾﵽ۷սһͻԭе۷壬һ
һγ겻ǽǧ˰ٹ۷壬û˿ҽԼľҲȫ򿪣ֻ˲ͽΧȫ档


216 
Ȼ䣬һ
Լĳս⾹Ȼʼ;ںϣͬƣսھİ£ӵˣͬʵһ˷ѹȶȥ
ܺ͸λһսǳң
ʵʻսɢ˳ȥдϣûаưȴͬеľѹȥʱĳߵоͬڸǡ
⡭ߵͬʱȻֲεôһ벽ǵϳ֡
ʱлȻʣо˾߶սͬʱսҲ߶ںϾȻٶԼ
ʱѾоԼǱطʱԼҲﵽһǧ
飡
Χͬʱų̤ǰһ
˵ǸľӢȻûֹһ̣ڳսѹ£Ȼ˵սںųս˹ȥ
սһųȴֵסʱս⣬ҳս⻹ڲͣ
Ʒ۷ľסش߶ս⣬óս·ûֹһս⿪ʼűơ
ϣ
ȶˣƾսֹȥһͲٴˣǵʧȥ
սԱͬʱ֣ס˳еĽǶȣһı𵴣缤ͬںΧ
ס˽ǶȣζûнǶȣζû
ڳľУ˵һһسʶСͷϵëһƮķɼ
˵ٶ˿죬Ѿ٣ڿ˲Ӱڳľȴٶȡ
һ˹켣ɼǵȭŻʹõǺ似δı仯ڳбòܡ
ȹһȣǵ¹˿صĴȣԭߣȳʱһͬһǹһųС˹ȥ
ͻȻӦһûкͿӲƴͬǹĳȴĽ´̹ڿصһ壬漴ͻǰҽſصǰ˳ȥ
Shit
صĴȱһ壬ͬػʧȥ˿ƣųǰ˹ӭȴǳһֻš
صĴܾûһȻ˵ꡣ
ľһܹסжǳӲӲҲ˳ꡣ˾ͻĸ˻ᡣ
Լ˲Ҫ˴һˣǾͶ˶ˣ˵Լһʿ䣬ʿἱ籩δ˴гΪΣյĶ֡
ǣ߿յһ˲䣬ԼǶԳӲԲֻ֪ç
ǣʱѾˡһֻѾݺݵϣ⻹ŬƫӣܿҪĵط
˹۵֪Լ߹ǣѾܿƵط˳ȥصˤȦ⡣
ֻգ֮ǰ˻ڴһҵĴսؾѾܡ
ǣʱʣµĸ˲û˿ͣ٣ӵ͡ԭһ˿ʱȫǱ˲һ
һͬһ㳯ųɨ
ӢһֻȭͷһȦ˳ĺԡ
Ĺ˫ͬţ֮ʱץֻţһ㣬˫ץ˳ߣֻҪ˫ֲ˳ߣܹ߹Ǹ
άҮȴ˿Уһߣ˳ľ
ĸ֣ͬ꣬ܲ͸磬ٶȼ죬Χ۵ҡڳľѾŻٶȣٶһ¶˳ǣϾĸ벽ǵ۷һǳҲͬʱӲĸ˵֡΢˲չһŮ̬

ң
ߵҰУԼ˼ķʽܿĸ˵һ
һѾѡ÷һǸ͵ıȸոɨмµĲӰĺľ⵽˳͵һԭڿеֱһѪͬһһԶĵȥ
顫
Ĵڵһߣź󷽷ɿȥ
άҮ֧ͬ˳ֻ꣬˲ͱɵҲ̫ûˡ˴ʱƴ֮ģȿֺų񱼶ȥ
һȿֺ໥֮ľͳ΢СĲࡣһ˿΢ЦĲڳ˵ˡ˵䵽˵֮ϣ˫źݺݵһ壬Ϊ֮ѡͬһųŵڵı˹ȥ
ڼǰıȻ;ȫĺëһֻ˶ȭͷڼٵطŴ󡭡
ӿУһͷǰ˲һշ˫˳ȭͷ
ȭͷͱҽײ˲䣬ǧ˰ٹȻȭΪצһץס˱ҽס
Ťڱۣ
һֱαһԵĹݺݵ˹ȥ
ĿһŲһ˱壬ϣһߣ˳ϥǣԱߵάҮʱҲǰһֱȭ˳ıġ
һʽرȶ󽣱ҽ͹˹ȥ
顫
άҮһȭ˱ϣһѪ˳ȥ
顫
͹ĽŶײһ𣬽һġʱֻԼĽŲڳĽϣһɱ̹ϡʹöʧȥ֪Щʧȥƽ⡣
ץű׵һɣ絶ǰ̽һʽصŶĹ˹ȥͬʱǰ̽ͬʱһʽͻ˦βάҮ


217 ɨ
顫
ѾʧĹѾֻн˫۽ӭ˳ص״ֱֵ̬ܹӱ˫ۣε˳ȥ
ߵάҮﵹ˳ͻ˦βһ˳֧ȡ
ھпάҮһţȴѾûа취˲佫ǧ˰ٹע֮ϡ
顫
άҮһڳϣȴͬһϡΪ֧ţƲǰжȥάҮȻһת˫ڵߣξԾͬһ쫷һάҮ
ȣ
ֻ˲䣬Χͬ쫷磬ĻҳҶͬһ㡣
Χ۵߶ˣҪһͨ˻ᾪŵôͣᾪŵô͡Щ˶ߣֳȴǳ׳۵֮С
顫
һı죬άҮͳԻΣһĳꤷ˳ȥصˤ˵ϡ
ʱʤѾ۷壬ֻľ͸䣬ĿһɨǱĿ߶
ˡ
˴ӪȥǻսԱǸսԱ˵ı˴ʱҲ˷
һ׳٣һΪҵĺɨ
ⲻɨһеսԱǺɨйҡųߴıӰǸҵսԱжһ־⡣
ʱǶ뿴ܲ׳١
İ벽Ǻǿѷʵﵽ˰벽۷壬ֻһ˿ܹڡ
ѷͱİ벽ǲһİ벽Ǵ󲿷ֶǳʧܶٲΪźĽѷԼҪģҪչأҪּҵĶԿѰͻƵ
һǿߣ
һʵǿǿߣ
ڳûл֮ǰѷǹϵĵһˣеж¶ڴһ۷Ծ
ӪصĴǰڱƽųĵղҲԶԶؿ˳ǿûо£ǵѷǵһǿߡǺǿǳϣֻܹȥڶ
ǳģûеȵߵǰʿƣҲ߽˴š
ܿ죬վ˲ٳϣϵļһ飬ڲٳĶһˣмһߣ죬µֻ˵֮һߣŸĹ죬ĹҲС
ʮսԱڲٳһſά˫Ȳ濪˫ֱưĳꡣ
ꣿѷ˵
Ҳص˵ͷ
˵㣡ѷԸӵ̬˵һ㳢ʧܵζ
ôƺ국ʵ
Ĳ֪ѷʲôոջ֪Է˭ѷͲΪˣΪĹģ
СӵİϷѷиӵ˳ꡣϵսȻ˳ͬһ˳ꡣ
ס˽ѷ
ˡ
ѷ󲽵ų걼ÿһ䵽ϣڵһӡһǰУڲϵ
΢΢۾ŴӶ汼ѷߵƾܹоԷǿûʲôطҲԳİ벽ǧٹоԷٴﵽǧٹ
ҡԷȻܹλ˸ҵİ벽ǣȻԼɨǻط
ǿ˵ܹﵽǧҲǿ
һֱѹԼѾ۷ƣʱѷԼѾףȻſԼơ
ˡ
˲ţѷз·ռ䶼Ϊ֮һҡоһǴʱĳȴѾ˹ȥڿռƺ˶ѣ·ͬӰг˶ϸһһʧһһ֣һֻȭͷѷ˲Ŵ󣬳ĸ첲϶ܼһ̥ͬƵ졣
̫ȭͨ
ѷȻʾŲ㡣ҪþԵѹ꣬һôģִѹҵİ벽һһܡ
˫ȵץأһֱȭӭ˳ȭͷ
顫
ѷ˫ֻһΣֻǺͬѷҲһ𾪣û뵽ų
ôܣ
Ҳ΢ԷȻĴﵽ˰ǧ
һȭ˳˫߳νȭȣʱ߳Ǳֵȷ
ֱͣӣϣ
ѷͬʱҲ˫߳Ͳų˵˫Ųϵضײٳܼġ顱֮
Ȼ䣬ѷˣĿһѷ˵ȻƺʹһȦ
˺
ѷϵ·Ϳͬʱļѣ˲͵ɢ˳
ط˫ĿһС
꣬һȭ
ã
һǱ˲תȭ۶ȥԭоǧ˰ٹǱһѾӽ򹫽
Χ۵߾һ𣬴Ҷ֪ʤڴһ١һ˫˫Ŀⶼеײȥĳѷ
顫
һͬһף˶졭
˸첲ϵ䱻ͼľʳ˷飬ѷŲŵ۾˳ȥһѪ
վӣؿھҵɨڣѾЩ˼ޡһȵ죡
ǣ
ĻսԱغȻ˸߲ҵر˲ٳЩˡеĶժ
ΧΧ۵ϵɫʮֵظӣ
ž壬žɥ
Ȼɨˡ


218 µ
еĹ춼ˣԳʵ˴֮ǰǱŴӻѹˡ
ŻսԱ˷ܵԼȻԼ̧˿С
ǣʱȴܾΧˣüžоΧһжˡ
ɨӪջ޴ÿһ벽ǶԼĲɱ飬ͨǵĽ֣Щų۶
սԱͣؽ˿УٳϵĸսԱųꡣ
ǵУûмһܹɨͬߣһоطǵǰ
еĳչ˫˫ֽסûٽϿУ̧ų꺰ſںŻӪطء
Χɺܾÿ߶ŽԶĳ걳Ӱһ̣Ӱӡǵ顣
еӰ±þɥһߵĿʼҡ
еӰȴս߰Լһ콫ܳꡣ
뷨ʱǵֻΡ
Ҳž⣬һӢֵе𾴡
ڳģһȻÿ˵˳߹
վξǰžһһ񣺡̹٣ӣ
ųļʹ˵ģȻȥúϢһ٣
ǣ̹٣
־һ񣬴ԼȥʱиоδйƣɨӪ̫ˡ
ǣҼ
ǣλشղͬûһ˿һԹеֻǸ߰Ķ־
Ǹ΢Цֶ־˴һȡһóɼ
صᣬ·ûѾ˴ϣҺͬϪһش˳·ȫʪ͸
һڴϣԺȴһһػطŸղŵһսľ۶ڳлس
ţֻҪԼЩȫգȻԼΪ˿սȴǿĽ
Ǳ
ֻһáȴ似á
似ֻ̫ȭе˫ǳһ̰塣
ȴ·ڳǰһţһһɨӪƲϵѷֵһǳʢʱ̣ѷһȭ۷һȭ
ͨ
̫ȭеֻͨǿ٣ʹеٶȻӿ죬ﵽص㡣
ǣо˲ͬ
꾲ڴϣ˼άȴǼȵؿ١
ʹͨʱͬʱʹǱ΢һ֪ʹԼķʽ
ַֻʽѾЩģֻǵƺԼ˱仯ƺҲ˱仯󹥳һȭѾ򹫽
أпʼÿģĳر
СʱȻȥͻȻӴԺ￪ʼضشһʽͨ
̫ȭеͨϵشٶȿʼ̫ȭͨӽ΢οʼ˸
Ѿȫ֮Уξû
㶵վ棬ųû˯ΪԺ﷢ȭƿյ
ΧǽӰһԾ˽˫żžأ漴ס
ǡ̫ȭ
ǡͨ
ͨ
ʱʽɴͨȴڿռһһʧһһ֡
㶵سųԼĿɲ⵽𾪣ٵࡣ
ꡭԴ似
⡭ôܣ
żꣿ
ʲôΣֻǰ벽ǣ
ԼΣڵ似û͸Լ似ˣ
ǡԴ似似ڽ߱˳Σ
΢üͷͻȻˣеĿ˷ܺ;壬ʱŵķˡΪѾʽܰʽѸʽĹ̥ʱԴ似ƺҲûʲôȵģ
ʱڲٳϸոռ꣬һƣԼսԱͻȻͣס˽ŲĿųԺ˹ȥ
˴ӳΧǽڴˡ顱ȭƿյԽԽͣס˽Ų㶼Ŀ˳ķ
ÿһ˵϶𾪡귵ʱ״̬Ҷǳ·˫ȶ΢΢͸֧ס
ǡأ
ꡭȻ
ÿ˵֮󣬾Ǿ壬̶ֳ
һսԱŲٳȥŵڶ
еսԱ»ص˲ٳϣ뵽֮С
ž
һʽͨĸ첲ڷһ졣һȭ񱩶ֻǴȭϾͿԿһȭ֮ǰˡ
ü֮¶һ˿ϲɫҵ֮ǰѷսеָо
ں΢ںǱ
ֻвȫĵ֮ͬǰʿʱķʽһǱֽˣķֽĿǰȻˣȴҲؽģͺͨͨһģ߱˳־ս
ʹ˼ͨÿһζֻܹһ졣
ͣ¶һ˿ʧںԴ似ǽ΢ں˽ȥͨʩչøӵĿٹ죬ͬһ㣬õ˵ӡ
ǡžһһĵӣҲ˵һȭԷϣǾǧ˰ٹ﹥֮󣬻еڶԷڣõһɵҲ˵ﵽһٰ߰ʮİڶԷը졣


219 ˵Ĺ
һ˿ֲ似
Գ뷨ⲻӦֻһ죬һӦûŵڶ죬졭
ֻ似ĳΣ似ȫɣǴսԿֲ
ǣֻܹһ㣬ֻȥ

곤³һӳ˹ŷξ
̹٣
˸˷ܣǰһ꣡һȭ
ã
۾һһһʧ˲Ѿĸǰһȭغ˳ȥ
ž
첲ڴһҲһȭԹǱ׼ĺܳ㣬˲佫һǧһʱ׼ԼΪǵѾǰ벽ǣ˵Ǳֻ
ǣ֪겢ûóǱʹ˾ǧ˰ٹ
ԣȭͷһײһ𣬳Ӷ˳ȥݺݵײӵǽϡ
¡
ǽһ󶴣ˤ档
Ͼһ

ոպһ֣ھһɰ˿
顭
ξûз֮ʣҲһΣһ˿ѪȻ
ȿȿȡ
ǽ˳̹٣̫ˣ
Цˣǵһ˿Ѫûвų˴ĴָȻ˵ͷúϢɣҵ㽫ȫɣٺһȭ
ãҲɴصͷ
һݣǽͷԾ˳ȥʧҹɫ֮С

곤³һֳһ˿΢Цղǿһ˿Ѫûз֮ܵԼİ㡣
ٺ١겻Цһ˵ĺù򰡣
̲ס˷ܵػӶһȭͷ
˻
һʹӸ첲ϴղһȭȻûдϳĸ첲Ҳʮܡ
ء
Աߵһ´һίĽתͷһѩǡѾʮͨԣһƣڴϣȻʮ꣬ȴûȥֻ꣬˫Ŀһ˲˲ضŷš
ȵʱҲɶµûȥųֱ꣬ʱŷί
꿴ǲϵٿеί˼ҲһʹæǰǲϵһӾͰѳ˵ڵϣͷȥ˫ͷϵëЦ
˿ǣʱѾﵽ۷壬ֻһ˿ܹΪһĽѩǡ˷ܵشӵѩǵԴǣߣȥϴ裬ȻȥBŪĽԣ
ء
׳Х׶೤չֳĻߡ
һϴһ裬ҲȥʳóԷŪӸѾüûгԵѩǣȻԼȡһЩʳƷ
һһǿʼ
굹ͷ˯ѩſڴҲ۾
һӴʱһӴѩ˵ǣȥ
ء
ѩǵһ˦β˳ȥһ⴫˾һڵشӴϱĵ˵ϣ˲˴Ŵһѩʵʵض˴ŵһԣʿһ䱸ѩǡ
һõĹ߾ˣӦξʿԼǽ޲ġӪڵսԱǶѩǣ֪ǳģͲС֡
ͷʿЦЦеһʿɫһ㶣̶Сʵģ
ţͷİɣûҵκ˷
ʿɫŻָһЩһų˴ĴָѩǵĿĽ
ǡȻ³Էʲôģǻòʵ
ŶŶʿŷӦ˹ǽġ
ɣллˣÿӡ
ããʿʮֿ
꽫ʿýԺæϴһ£ȻӸһʳȥ
һ߽ʳãӭһƬкҲغսǴк˷һƨ¿ʼ
ҧһ⺬˵꣬ұ˦ԽԽԶˣ뵱һܹϼغϣڲˡ
һԵͯսҲǿų꣬һս⡣
꽫еʳµ˵ңҲСܹоͻҲԶˡ
ǣ佾ͦͦš
꣡Ҷ˹һƨ˳ߣĿŶסߵѩǿһۣ¶Ľôģѩǿǳġ
ЦЦճʱҼģҲͶԵɣ
΢΢ҡҡͷȻţҲ׷ʡĿѩǵƿų˵꣬Ϊ֮ǰΪǸħսԱǸ
ɫһ̶¶
溺ӣ֪ˣ͸ɴصǸûһˮ
ûеȳ꿪ڣп˵Ҳ˵ʲô֪ԭǡ
͸¶Ц⣬ͷǣ
˼˸ɴ࣬ҲŤ˶һۣ֮Ц
꣬˴ȻҪСġ㲻ҪΪɨӪʹ⡣
˵ʮֱӣҲû˿΢ЦſŶԷҲ̫˽˴ȣ˵˵
ҲǺ˽⣡
һʲô㲻֪װʲôβǣ
ɫҼæ˵֪˴ҪŶսģҿȱ˵ÿȶкܶȱ¡


220 Ľѩ
ɫʹȱԳһвкܶҵսԱһɾҪ˴аԼ
лл˵
лҲųǻܷȡһóɼǹؼ
ûпǵ˵ͷҶ˵ֻͷš
緹սԱǰȥٳѵյػصԼᡣʿɵü죬ֻôһĹѾǽ޲뿪˳ᡣ
ܹͰʽһͻ˾ʹﵽڣǾͲܹμ˴ˡ
һ似Ǹͨûʲô극һľЩĵ˵ǰ½
ǳһϰߣÿпеʱܻ½ۿһЩս¼ںϰټ֮
ȴտа񣬳ɫһ㶡ڵһľȻһ⡣
սԱɨӣ
㿪Ǹ¼񣬹ȻԼɨӪ¼񡣳һ֮б㲻ֻ֣ԼǰսԱܹɵó֪˭̶¼ϴ
ȹص棬㿪̳㿴һ̸Լӡ
ɨӪ𣡡
˴ȵϣ
ŵ漣
һ壬Ӯöֵ𾴣

꿴̸ԼÿһӶöҶ˼¥¶˵Ц
Ҳˣ
Сʱһӣĵõ˼㡣رֵ̳㿪ս¼ϸؿ
رԼһǸ¼Ŵĸһ֮ǰҰ벽˵Ļر¼¹أԭǵ֡Ҹ˲Ķ֣ȴ㽻֣ܹҵõ顣
սʤ֮󣬾ֻʣйҵĹ춼ȥˡ
ӢġһսʤˣǻΪȥˣǻȥΪĹ
һĶʿԺ㽻ֶԺ
άҮڰ벽Ѿû˶֣¾ڵҲδĶ֣ҵľ񣡡
žͬʱų꾴һ
žػһ
ž㳡һƬ¹ӢսԱسŻսԱķһ
žսԱͦñֱѪӿͨսԱһ
һһǸЩ˶ˣǳԼҲѪڡ
һھ˵Ľļʡ
˷֮󣬳꽥侲ʼһۿԼÿһ򶷵Ƶ
سüͷ΢΢е¼֮رǸһ¼֮󣬳סԼûо磬ȫƾеĻԲӮⳡʤ
Ҳûа취¼пԼⲻǶʱܹģҪʱ䡣
εεΡ
ͼ˸꽫ŵͼϣšһֱоҩš
еָ֣ԼŸʲô
ȵ㿪ҩĶſȥҩǿࡣ
꣬áҩŵĲٴγֿҩҿƵҩ֧֣ĸӵؿ١ҾͿԴӦ㣬ҩ֮һһܹܵλãȴĻš
Цһ£ر˶ţֵ㿪оĶš
꣬ãоĲ־Ϊ֮ǰǸҿƵ˵ʵ𾪡˲ǲӦǰߵģһʧоɡõ֧֣һѵ͸ĻдĹ似ؼ޶ȵĴ򿪣ĳɳҪڴĻţ
΢΢ҡҡͷȥʲôҩоԹر֮󣬱ص˯ȥˡ
ڶһ硣
ûȥٳֱȥξҪǰBʵȻû˿ԥضͷӦ
׼˴ʳB֮󣬱׼һֱѵѩͻƵĽס
ɵس˲ԭ뵽ɽרȥѰĽ׵ɱһµʱ䣬ɱʮֻĽǿȵļóоԼΪѾﵽ˰벽ǵ۷壬⻹ûпȥѾ뵽ǵһ㡣
ѩҲڽˣΪĽѩǣĳѾﵽװңϵëɫչƣƸӵͣһ˫۾ӵ
һѩǵԴ
ѩ͵̬ʧˣͷһģһӵߣǻȥ
BĴ߳귢ֻط˱仯ܼž࣬صӪһ֪սԱѾظԵĹˡ
ʮ죬˴ȵʽʼ
һصӪؾͱеİ칫ңűֱԼĳ꣬кε¶͡Ҫڣֹס˵꣬һ
ɫ΢ûƽŶ
꣬Bʱ䣬ҩоֱҵǾҪǵĻ˵Ҳе˲ŲӦǰߣˣǻʧ
Ҫ˵һλֹס˳꣬ҽԿое츳ʺĵطоĹ似Ҳ棡


221 Ҫվ۷
ӵų꣬ȴĻشʮϣ뿪ָӵʱзǳؾᡣ
ϣμ˴ȣΪ˻Ͷһݰաֺ³˴г⡣ԳԣšֻҪóųɳȥ˵Ϊһ񻪹񣬴ﵽ˧ȴźܴĿܡ
ҳ˧ߺ˲ͬ˧ҲֻԼǿǳȴܹʹ似ǻıأһϽļֵһٸ˧Ҳֲδĳһˡϣһ˿⣬뿪оź
̹٣ͬ𣿡겻ʵ
֮ǰ˵ȷе˵ɨӪ֮ǰǴɨӪҿǱӦøɳĿռ䣬ǹʹãڶɱţ
΢΢ֻǲһӵʱ䣬̧˶üᶨҪ£
Ϊʲôһ˿죬ѾúܵλˣǶԳõİš
̹٣ʲôԭȥоζŷԭķ򡣡
˵̬ӵؼᶨԭķˣӦøı䡣ǣ̹٣ҵķ𣿡
ꡭ
ǳҡͷᶨ˵֪̹Ҫ˵ʲôֻʽ̹٣ҵķ𣿡
Ĭȥãųķû
ȥǾΥһ֮ģһĶˣ̤۷Ŀ𣿡
̤۷壿ıˣ
ʱͷųţ˵ҾҪ̤ߵ۷壡
񻪹ͣ˫֮ʡ
ҪԽ
Խ
ɫǳһ˳飬Ҳֵ֮ˡãվ
žžž
ųƵСӣһǵ͹㡣ûֻҪΪһ˧ߣȥоҲᵢĽҪΪԽĴڣͲܹκʱ䣬κεصʧȥ֮ġ
Ҳһϲô˵ͬˣ
͵ųûȨȥҲûСҩо͸ûǸʸ񡣴ӵһֻҪ㲻˭ҲܰϳԣҸղֻڣңľ
ڣ
վžһһ˵ѡ£
ãȥѵɣ¶˵Цݡ
̹٣ҡмҪ㱨ɫӢ˲ӵģ
ɫת䣬Ҳһ㶣̶Цʲô£ȻδԽĴŵӣ
Ǹ̹١ҸоԼеѹסͻˣ
ɫһ䣺оܹѹƶã
΢Ѱ˼һµԼܹѹһ¡
ɫ˲ͺãͺã
Щ̹١
ɵȻʾ£Ц˵˴ȵĹģ΢Ц˵ǽԤȻǾݣޣŷޣޣޣ鵽ޡҲ˵ղμӾֻ֧顣
Ԥ޵Ĺҽдȣֻܹһ֧ߡԴһޡʱͱȽϳ˹涨Ԥһʼÿ֧Ա͹̶
ȷ˵ǻճߣ޲μӾԤУһٸսԱʮˣôҲֻʣµİʮ˲μӣԤʱ˾ʮŸˣֻҪ˵һҲֻһȥμӾ
˴ȵĲп͹ƽ
˰Ԥ;һ壬Ȼܲпᣬȴֳܹһ֧ʵ
ԣֻҪԤʼ֮󣬾Ͳй涨սԱȼ顣ֻҪʵԤĵһͻƵ˧Ҳû˹㡣ꡭ
ɫкܶ߶ѹԼΪȵԤʼ֮ѡͻƣһռơ㿴ЩͲ缯һ£ȡԤʼĵһͻƵڡǻԤѡһҲͶһݰա
ţʹص˵ͷʱڷΪԼΪͻƿաͬʱҲԤʼĵһͻƵڡ
£Щʵ̹٣֮ǰ˴ȶȡùʲôɼ
˴ȵĵһԺ˵漴ɫЩȻռѷ첻󣬶ǻռѷ죬ߵʷǳߣǵʵ⵽»ӵһ˵ڶǿס˵Ͻĵһ޵ڶŷ޵ӢǻϷǣǰޡϷǺͰ޵߶ǻ塣
ɫһ㶵ô˵ǻ޵ϴ󰡣
ǣ˵
Щʲô
Ҳ¶˱ӵȸ¾Ҫͺȣ֮غǻĵ̱ͲһΡҪ˵ǻɨӪʱҲ֪ˣӡȺͰ߶ܹͺߣΪҲŹȻھúͿƼ治ͺϣȴҪࡣ
ֳһ˿͵ЩСЩȷʵһǿߣųԽǻһơҲǻеΣĳ֣ЩСԶлᡣ
ңŵָԼ


222 Ԥ
ңŵָԼ
ҪԼɺԼԳ͵ҩ͹ǻžԵİҩоǰүûʶļֵһܹڵлҩ͹ɹǻʵͻһʵķԾ֪˵Ҫԣ˼ʵĻ߳ڽǱھøӳףôߵĵ·ͻߵøԶ˵ڻĹ׾жԣЩҡ뿪ǰ߼о뷨
ų꣬ӦңһҪСģһҪ
صͷҲһ˿šȻ֣ص֤˴ȷǳпΣաһʹȱԶԼһΣա
ɣһжĻϲȫɱ갵սȭͷ˳Ķ־
꣬㻹ʲôҪʵľʣе˵
̹٣ƹҲǿ𣿡ЩԻʵҪ˵ӡȺͰߺǿ̹ٸ˽ͣǷƹ
ЦƹǸ߾һҲ֪ƹðôһ˲ţҲֻһˣƹʵǺġ
ŶͷʾԼˡ
꣡˵ҪСӡǸ벽ǣҵһЩ벽ǲͬһЩҵİ벽ǶΪͻʧܶμ˴ȣǡܹѹԼΪڲμԤĵһͻͻƣ⽫Ԥв
ѸٵػźǸӡȰ벽ǽֵĳüëһʱҲоǸ벽ǵĲͬȷʵͻƵס
ǡ
ŵЦˣԼҲܹԤʼĵһͻƵǵһ㡣
꣡˵ǲǾҲԤһͻƵǵһ㣬ѶԷ
˵ĿЩ˼̧ͷ
ųһӵʱ˵꣬ΪͣЩ鿴ӡһ̴ַط˾ִ˾ľǴĥһͻƵʱͬɽ緢ͻƵĲһҹӡȰ벽ǣŬķĴ˾ĻĥüͻƵʱٻǵڶ㣬˵ֱͻƵǵ㡣
ǵ㣿һǾǧ˰ٹ⻹ֻǻְѻĥι̵ߣ¾ĻҲֹǧ˰ٹҲﵽǧӽǧǾͺԼĻǧ˰ٹˡԼطŬķҲûطҲӡ˵ԼҲֻ΢ռơ
һͻƵڻǿ֣ص˵
صصͷ֪
֮ǰŬķսû鵽٤
ţ
ǰ٤㲻٤ֻдﵽ֮󣬲٤ǸʱĹͷһ㣬ȴǿ͵˼㡣֮ǰ٤ͷӲģܹҹͷӲҲһڣ٤֮ǰô򵥣֮ǰ屶
屶Ŀһ
ص˵˵ﵽ屶˵˵
ӵԻˣʵʲô𣿡
ǸǲͬΪڣӡ߻κһͬĸֱһ㣬˷ʤ
ĸֱޣ
Ŀһ͸ֱԭ£໥ûϵȴõһ𣬶˼һӾˣϵս̲סɢ˳
̹٣Ҳġ
Цã߾Ҫţ
Ц価Щп˵û뵽ȥμһ񣬾ȻͻƵ˰벽ǡİܴ󡣡
аֹͻƵ벽ǰԼ̫塣ȻȫȴҲǵҡ
ų˰ֵȥɣЩͲòμѵˣúðĽܹ࣬Ԥʼ֮ǰͻƣҲԤʼĵһ͵õͻơ
ǣ̹٣վһ֮Ŵȥߵſڣͣתͷ˵̹٣뿪μԤͲҪѩˣҧ˵ġеʱҸһЩ࣬ÿιţ
ͷţҴӦ㣬ʱһᰲȥԤʱҲǰȥ
лл̹٣
뿪İ칫ңصԼᣬþûѵˣŶ´֮վڣ̽뵽УѡһЩҩ֮󣬱㿪ʼҩ
ҩ֮󣬳꽫עˮȻƿҩ·ѵҺ֮
ϣг극ϴһ裬㿪ʼڴ
ʱȥúܿ죬ת۰ʱȥѾͻƵٽ㣬ҪͻƣʱԣֻǱѹס
ľȴͻˣ⼸һֱܹΰʽԱ㽫еʱ䶼ϣҹͻƵƷ
ͻƷ֮󣬾ͿͬʱʹʮѷɽˡΪҪľͷųʮףһɶԳ˵Ҫģ˶ʮ׵ľ磬Σա
ϲãʣµһͲˣúϢҪ뿪ǰũˣԤũܡ


223 ɽ
ѩյŲٳȥٳϵĻսԱڻӺ꣬һվż̹٣ڴغš
˳յģ̹ٵֳһ˿Ź֣˶޲һѵ굹ãһүƵģѩͬ޹һ㡣
ЩڻӺսԱҲֳ˲֮ɫҲܹӻʱɡ
Ӻ꣬ȴյ޹ⲻ۲
Ҫòã
Ҳһ۳꣬а㲻ҪôźòãҺΪѵأ
ų껹Ǹûоɵģ꣬㲻ѵ𣿡
ŶŶæߵͷߴ˹ҽ첻׼ˣϢһ졣
ǸĵѶᰡͲ˵һʲô⣬Ұذ칫ңʲô²ͽˣ
һԵũܵĽ̹Ҳһ֣ǶԳûʲôƫͳꡣɨӪһĻҲԱ߿Խͳ꣬ԽǾöԳ˲ӦϸҪ
⼸Ͳ¶棬ٳѾԳˣ˵Σ˻ȥյģһ꣬дһ£ҿûʸϢһ졣
ڲٳϵսԱ۾һͣеĶ˳ꡣξߣİ벽ǵߣȫûпɱԣܿյز˳ۣҪѵһ١
ܹ걻ŰǶô׵鰡ͯսҲĿųһĽóһǽѲ
㡭ֳãһξȥһ벽ǵд裬ⲻ۸
ǣûеõ˵ܾ꣬ͰֵģҾð벽
ܶһ£ɲһİ벽ǣܹͨİ벽Լð벽ǵȴͳд裬ǾͲǽѵ꣬Űˣ
һ³ɨӪоСȫܹһǧǾ൱ڰ˲ʵΪٱһ㳯ų˵ҾðѰ벽
̹١
ܻס˳ΪҲ֪һط⼸Ƕܺ棬ܶ顣
Цѣ̹ٻǶԼ˹ͬʱϵսҲ˳Ѿﵽͻڵٽ㣬ֻð벽ʵԼд裬ǲֲûкڽִ֣ʱ򣬲Ǻ˲֣ͲͻƵξĴ֡
ҲҪ֪ԼļϴִʱȺʹ֣ǵĶ֡Լô˾޷ɱ
һվοϷŹ᣿
̵ͷϵսȻ˳
ܿӦʹ죬ЩףаѵԼ͹˳ꣿ
ΧĽ̹ٺսԱΧȥó˳ءڳһ̫ļƣò˵̹٣룡
̬ܺȣų΢Цصͷ
ǣһ̣ȴȻһ壬ϵһʯӳųͬһӵһؼ˹ȥ
գ
ͷӵСԲʮ׵ľ˲ͷ˳ǿżӵʯھٶȷֻ΢΢һƫͷǿʯԼͷԺХ
顫
ܵ˲Ѿ˳ǰһ˳ȣϵļȻӶ˵һȣһŴҲᱻһ߶ϡ
ԳľԴ似ɽȡ˼˵һɽҲᱻ߷
һȷֻʽָߣߺߡ
ҪȷУǿ֪жͬ߰¡
һʽóоѾ΢΢ЩһǧʱǱԿѹܣǳ겢ûСϾǱطܹ־ãҲҪԼڻ£ʵվΡ
΢˲չһܵһߣܵ࣬ʱľжͷŵ˼£̫İļٵʣΧó׽ͷ˲侫ȷһܵĽףǡ㡣
ܵΪᣬһתžž˿ųɨ굥ڵһɣź󷽻УͬŻ֡
΢һֹŹֵظоƺԼһж꿴͸ԼΪԼĹһеĹ켣
ôܣ
Ŷ
ѵ
ܹʲôʱ
ܵοͬ磬˫ŲͣشӸַߣߣɨ
ǣǰһ˲˹ȥͬʱΪܵĵطҲֻðÿιȥʽջٱй
һܵÿһжʹһ룬ͲòջءֻʹһͷͲòС
úܱ
ΧۿĽ̹ٺսԱĸоͲͬˣѾȥӵʱ䣬Ȼ໥֮û
˵ķӦٶ̫ˡ
˿ķӦٶȻϾһξڶһ벽ǵߣŵȼѹƣȻܹһ
ǳı־˾ˡ
Сӣ㳢ķɽȣ
ȻһĿһԭ͵ͬȵ˫ȻϸȥͨȻҪϸһ룬ĸоǼֱǱȹǴֲ˶١


224 
ܵͬһŻһش˳꣬ҽһȱų˹дХᡭ
˫Ŀ΢΢˿Ĵ⣬Ǳͨͬʱʩչһһʧһһ֣ѾһǴȣһȭܵغ˹ȥ
һȭˡžһ죬͵ÿֻһͣ˲он򹫽
ݣС̫̬ˣ
˲ܾͰΪڰ˲㣬ʮһ˳ȭͷ
顭
һȭһ˲ײһռ˾޴Ļ
˫һΣȴֻǺһϸ¶һ˿ЦݣſҪ˵ʲôȴڴһ죬Ӷը˿У󵹷˳ȥڿлһĻߣˤڵϡ
ٳ϶ĵģֻӹһ˿΢Ц̵ֻ̹ͨͨͨǱܵĿԴˡ
ŴӵһԾܣ͸¶һ˿ϲɫʱԼȫڵߣܹսʤ֮
ΨһͨǱܹ־ãоֵ似ֻܹʹΣ֮Լͻߡ
ܷһԾӵվʱͬ汻һһ㣬ֲŰš
˲俪ξų⡣ֲ̧ȥǵһ˿Ѫ
ʮŸսԱѾɵˣ
ĺȥһץųĲʹҡ㾿ǲˣ꣡һ벽ǾȻһʱʵڰ˲ξˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ЩξҲ𾪣ҲųǱͨӵ
ξòɽǳǹ˵İĻгǿֲ
һһʧ
һһ֣
ʲô
ξ˴˶һۣӶԷп˲˼顣ǴûмЩ̫ȭеͨͨʲôʱˣ
ѵǰСԴģ
⡭ôܣ
Ŷô
ôԴ似
ߵ˳ĸǰųЦݣĿ¶̾Сӣʸ񲻲μѵ
ܵĻ˼ˣ̧Լͷٺ١Цš
СӣǸԴģ
ţͷ
ȷԼе뷨˵ǿǸ˵ĺ似ֻǡ
۾һҪָԼĿƵܡ
Ժʹ似󽫶ԷŪ
ţоһܻǱ뺷Ǳ뺷ľˣſھҪѱŪ
ô⣿ЦʵʱΧǼξҲЦų꣬ȻǶܵ˼ʮͬ
΢΢üͷ˼۾
ͨˣȻЦʵ
̹٣˼˵˵似֪ˣͻôЧͻۿۣ
ȻԲܹЦųļСӣûȤѧҵķɽȣ
һ仰ڣǾʮŸսԱ𾪵ܣȼξҲԾ
Ҫ֪似ıرԴ似޴ԼĶӾԲ״ˡȴҪڸ꣬ⲻܲǳԾ
ųǳԾı飬ЦҪ룬ҿ㡣ֻҪܹδעԻͣҶǰͶʰɣҲҽܣ
ɵӣ
ղźܶսԷķɽȷǳظܵõڳĸ첲ھҵʹֻܹܵʹ˲ΪȴԽ򹫽ﵽ򹫽ǳİ˶ԷǶĽһ򹫽ھѾˡ
ȻܵķɽҲ˳갵еĽһ򹫽ܴʱҲˡҪ֪ͨǱ֮䰵Ǵﵽ˽򹫽
ڡ
ܽѵˣֻһǿã̧ȶų˵꣬ɽȺĹͬĹʹͣɽȴ෴ʹȵʩչ㿴ˣ
˫Ŀܵȣȵļ⿪ʼعȹϣϵļⶼֺļⶼعֺϣֻͬ׶ӡ
𣿵⼫ʱܶȾͻἫǿܶȵǿζʲôӦ֪ɣ
ڳУܵȼȵͷųһֹһֽĹ󡭡
Щˣֻôģ͸¶ʡ
ˣ
ţæͷ
ãҸ㽲ھ
Сʱʱ䣬ܽھһ飬ϸؽһ飬֮Գ˵ԣ
ã
ҲԼĿиֱ۵ӡҲָԼĿ˳ȣʱ׼ָꡣ
꽫ͷųԼȰ˼ڣܹع۲Լļ仯аƿؼȻȵϤ̣˷ɽȣͲþˡ
ܵҰУڽͷųĹ󡭡
ֻܵ۾˲ñֻţۻ󣬴ŵܹһŶ쵰˶ɵˡ
⡭СӾǸ̥
ֲܹԴ˵似
ʱҲͬ¶֮ɫʱܹظоԼȵı仯ǿȣͶȣѾȫһȣֱһֻ


225 ũ

ԼͻڣͷǿȺͶҲһǿʱʩչɽȣͷӼ֮ǻһοֲĽ
ʮӵʱ䣬Ѿ˼£ͷŽĹֻǿһۣ͸𺳵ĸо
𺳵ؿų꣬Լ֮սսľԼʱ䡣
ǡǡֻǸʾһ飬˰Сʱˣ
Ȼʱ䳤˵ǳһΣֻҪڼϰڵı֣ò˶þܹ˲
ܴʱܸӣԼ˵˷ܣһʧ䡣
껺ɢȥ˷ɽȣüָȻɫͻȻһ̹٣ɽȵĹܲõȫ
ʱǣܹȫɽɣǳ˳ˣ
ܿЦô򵥣˵ȻԣʵȴǳѡҪսؿԼļ⣬ֻһ󡣡
𣿡ӹһ˿Ц⣺Ʒľδؾ
ߵǰһѽŸקߵԺȻһŰ뵽һ磬ɿ֣һˣ
䣬ϵļ˲ͷųĹһ˳ȥȾͬһ˴ǹһؼ̶űñֱͬһֻǹͷ
ۡ
ܵѾ˻Űڵϣ𶯶ûһ£Ű֮ϴʱȴһ
קһŰԣЦ˵
ã
ҲקһŰߵԺеŰһŰһ磬Ȼһ
վŰǰʼʩչɽȣ˾ŷӵʱ䣬֮ǰķӡȻһȴŰ塣
顭
Ű屻ˣһ£һԵȻŰ壬ŰǸ
س۾һŰֻǱһ磬˵ýߣһҲᵹ
һ߳ȥǰŰ߳һŰȴ˿
ʲô
ٶȣ
Եٶȣ
ξ֮ǰԼսʱ򣬲ûóɽȵʵƾٶȣʹԼž磬ҲἫǱ˵ͻˡ
궯ˣ˫ڿвͣ߳ߣߣߣɨߣߣߣš
ٶԽԽ죬оǳӰ
ص˵ͷ֪Ѿҵȷķŵ뿪˳Ժ䣬ųõЦݣڿлӶһȭͷ
˴ȣٺ١СӣҺúýѵǣ
ԭϢһļƻȴͣжȹһ죬ƻ轵ٵʱ򣬳ƣ˵ϣȲͣشһʹƣָͷ붯ѩſڳԣͷͣų
ũй½ΨһõһƬ޺γȵΨһһɫءӵеڵγȵΨһõȴɭ̬ϵͳɫ¢Ե缶Դֲϵɷַḻʣϡжϡ201399գũܳΪй28ʹ԰
ǹٷ
ȴһضΣգΪ㷺ľũҰˣ
ũҰˣ˵ũһҰˡһصӰһֱũܵ˵ԺУ֮ȥ˭Ҳ˵ʲôǶڿڿഫһ֣Ұˡ
ں嫵йŴ伮УദһصζɽоΪˣ棬ë࣬ЦЦ
ʫԭҲԿơҰˡĶΪزģдһסŸ衤ɽɽ֮ѦŮᣬЦĽ񻡣
νҰ˾ǴӿռѷżȻڹŴĿռѷӦü䲻ȶʱǱպϵģֻżȻݵĴһѷ죬νҰӿռѷ˵
ӶǵĳƺҰˡܹũܵħﲻͬѾˣ˵ӦѾǻۣһ͡
ʱѾũܵĵ磬ＯеĹսԱ
˺ܶˣԼɨЩ벽ǡ
עһӡȵİ벽ŬķȻϿǿѹƵϢ
ｫһ죬ڶͻԤĴĻ
һûͰʽҲûû似ֻǴķɣ壬ɾ񣬷һС
ڶ졣
սԱһվڶǰûֻǿʿһװÿսԱ
ؿЩװ
£ԼϴģȷŵȻҸûעʱŵС
ХԼģȷŵҲҸûעĵطŵ
߼ǹţţ
ըֻ˵š
ֱ
Ǹʲôõģֳһ˿Ի
ʱÿһ£һһѸ߼ǹУըǵװǿԱԱʲôԱ١
˵һ¼˵ǿֱǿֱҪʱʱ̵̿شϡģĿˣҲˡԤĹУһֱָз¼ڴǷһУǷǷܹһءԤĹġ
˵һңĻϳһ廭档


226 һ
һʮϿͨɽȣŻ߽͵мɽǵĿģһ˵ģǵĿľǶ졣֧ȶģȻٰǻʤֵĶ飬Ķ̭
ɽȵΧʮͨϿȣÿϿȻ֧顣ǰɽȵ·ϻвͬĹؿҪס
סͨصʱٵĲ֧ΣաԤĹУֹ֧֮Ϊɽ֮Ϊ˶죬ɱ⡣
ԣһʽģҲ˵ǿɱҵսԱȻҵսԱҲɱǡ
ԣСģ

һٸսԱļ⣬ȷһٸսԱûгڣȻڽ̹ٵĴµ˷ɻ
һɻڿա
֮󣬷ɻѾ磬һ䣬Ȼ˳ʻһСʱңһɽȿͣ
վɽȿڣȥΧ֧飬ֱƹ̩
ֵͨľ֧ˡ
ʱ֧еսԱҲ໥ţÿ˶ε͸Լɱ⡣
ȣһڴ˳
ĸİսԱĬĬɽȥ໥֮䱣ž롣ÿսԱߵľ裬ʱ׼Ͷ뵽ս֮С
ϿȲһӵʱ䣬֧Ͷ߳Ͽȣչǰһ޼ʵĴԭ֮ǰͼ֪ƬԭľͷһϿȣԭҪͨĵһء
֧ͬʱѡɢԭ㹻֧鶼Сģ¶ԷԼ𹥻ɢõѡ
ܿ죬֧໥֮䶼źԶľ룬ѾЩˣڱ˴˵Ұʧ
ҶǺɢʱ˴˿ŸһսԱĿ˳ꡣ
˵صĵ·ǲΪһͻƵڡ
˵۾һһڶǾԲһһ£껹ھˣﵽǴֶһݶıϣ
еΧһȦӣ걣м䣬⣬עǰŹκһ˿紵ݶ
ʱȦڿʼлͰʽ
һʽ
ЩɬּѣǺܿͱ
Ĺͷ濪ʼ÷ͬڹͷǧҧ
겻ͣظŻͰʽĵһʽ
ͷԽԽأļⶼʼ鴤Ͽʼºˮ
ο鵽ζǼֱһַ˵ĥĶСͰʽĵһʽơ
ҪݣŬرŵһʽȷеĹ켣
СʱʱȥͬһػȥոһļͻȻ鴤
ʧˣȴֻʹһֳǵʹ
еĹͷ飬۵ʹۡ
ְСʱȥǵʹʧһְӹ￪ʼĸоӸղŵһһ㣬һˬó꼸˳
껺۾һֻ̧Ȼһգıʹӽյȭ
Ѿﵽһٹﵽڵһ㡣
󱬿ػսԱһȻתų꾪ϲʵͻˣ
ţصͷ߰ɣʧȥʱ
ãʮŸսԱ
ȱ˵ΣյʱӦǸսӶ뵽ɽȶʱǸʱûȱͻΪսӵİӡ
ҲصͷȻȡԼáΪȱкͱըޣùˣǵĵơҲֵģһĹ⣬һ
ԴҶԼениǹй
һٸսԱʼŴԭͦ뵽ԭ׵ʱͻȻÿϵֱһһأÿ֧Ҫɱһֻ۷ѸɱһֻѸ֮ڶء
һֻ۷Ѹ
һٸսԱɫɣֻǶ۷ǶԸӦúɡ
ɫȴ΢䣬˵СģҲ˴Ķ۷ѸĻǺܱܿѸΧ
ɣ
ɫ䣬һٸ˵еκһ˶Ըһ۷ѸǺɵ顣ͬʱԸֻҲû⣬ֻֻҲΣաǣһһֻֻ۷ѸǰΧ
ǻһʲô棿
һʱᱻѸ˺ɷľ档
ν϶ҧ󣬸οѸϣҲǴ󡭡
˽ԼеȵǵĿʲô
ʮŸսԱɫһ̶ŲӺ죡
ǿģ۸ߺ
ǿģʮŸսԱͬ۸ߺ

ŲԭȥıžʮŸսԱһ˫Ŀ˸㣬ϵĶ־ڵȼ
ǰ
ʵĸ߲ͻȻһֻֻѸͬɿ䶯ĵ̺ڸ˲ԭųǷɿ˻˹
צ
ߵ壬ٶȡ
𡭡
һȥнֻѸųһٸ˹γɵͬ쫷˺Ʋɵ
ѹ
涼˱֮
һڿˮûһ˶Ѹǳ첻Ѹһһ˵سų꣬Ȼûеǵĸǰȴڴݻų˵ġ


227 ڶ
ҪǴɢսǾ˲ͻᱻûѸ˳֮С
ʮ˲Բʮʮ˵ÿһһֻ̺
һԲ󣬳վҵңһܲܶס
һ㶵Ҫȥ
ԽԽѸԲ̫һ治֪ʲôʱܹɱһֻһҲ֪ܲصסҪɱȥ
ҪɱȥҴ󾪣
ûϵ΢ȻѸ࣬ȴδܹ˵ңҪһֱѸѹ
ҵɫ˲ü㣺ģҶס
ãҵļ˶Ѹ˳
¡¡
ضڲѸ˲ˡѸٶȣҲǼӵʱͻ˵˵ĸǰ
ಡ
˳ȥӭѸֱȥųһǰıʮŸսԱڵѪ˲㱻ȼ
źͲʧˣ֮޾ս⡭
ںͳǰһֻѸӴˡƮݵһֻѸ˹ȥֻѸδӵԾȻһ˻ƣͷ­ȴӲϵ
һ
зǳҪɱһֻѸһظǰŵľÿһսԱҪɱһֻѸ治һֻѸǽֻѸսܵѹɲһô򵥡ԼɱҪɱܹսǵѹ
ʱ侲ޱȣԺѸٵػѸĲϡѸǾٶȿ죬Լ΢ǰûκƣľ㡣
ܹѸӫӲƴҪԼ΢ƣͬʱԼľƣԾȷظѸʺ
ղԼѸͷ­Ѫȴ˷ԼȥᱻѸ
̽Լľչ˼£Բʮ׵Ѹھ֮УѸһжسľ֮УѸϵëĻӶɼ
һ޼ʵѸ֮ͬһԾеʱÿһ⻪һֻѸ£ʺѪ
䡭
ѸȺײʮսԱµԲ󣬼ս˲䱬ʮսԱɵԲһµΧѸͬ಻ĺˣһһĻŹµ
һ֮ȦսԱǰһսеʮսԱѸٵصһ뵽ȦץʱϢֻһԭλá
ٰʮֻ
ͷһۣɫһʱսԱȦһ֪ѾҪﵽޡ
ಡ
γսԱķٱȥ;еʱͬһػһֻֻѸʺѪأ˲䱻Ѹ̤
ֻʮʱܻսԱԲǰȻͿʼΧԲʼһȦһȦܣͬʱƮУеͬһóһֻֻѸء
ʱ򣬾ʮŸսԱſ˳ʵƮΣһسٶȣ׼ĸ
ʱȴһоǰδеѹУ꾹ȻоԼ΢ˡ
һ΢ĸо·ʱĳѾΧĻΪһ壬ǲǾƿأһָо΢ĸо
·ԼһأһؾԼ
ܹޱȵĿһֻֻѸеĹ켣ܹԤ⵽ѸеĹ켣
ѵǱ΢Ϊһ΢뼶
Ķӵд⣬ҲӵؿپȷһֻֻѸնɱͬһһΧԲתţͬһƱƿһѸ
ڶأ
ÿսԱϵֱͻȻǳȴûлΪǵΧŽһֻѸ
ǣѾûбҪȥˡҴʱѸѾһ࣬ѹ̫ࡣ
׶󣡳壡
һ£ʮŸսԱһ׶ͻǰ׶⣬ѸȺд˳ȥε׶ΧѸٵɨѸ
һСʱ󣬳˴سһϿȣϿȿȴţ˳Ͽ̷֮ȴŹϣɶûһ̱ڵϣڵشŴǳҲ⡣
һɽڲɽڣѾһء
һ֮ڣľ߲㶼Ƚ̹ҲֻʱǶڿλǰĶһЩߡ
ôˣһһ߹ļԱʵ
潫ѾͳƳˣ

̼žеĿⶼǸԱŸĽԼսӵĳɼ
ܹʮ֧μԤȫһء

֮е˶һ漴ֶĿǸԱ
ʮ֧ȴصǰڶȱ˹̹ʮӡȣʮǻ
˵ĿⶼڻӡҵĽɨӣ͸¶ļ
Źڳֳ˥֮ơ
ӡȵĽȻѹɱ֮ǰƽ
ǰɳΣǸԱһ£λĿ˹
ӡеһ
ʲô˵ͺӡȵĽֳ΢Ц
һеȱ˹̹ˣеġͺˣеʮһ
Ͽڡ
ҲϢ̫ʱ䣬ΪϿвûпƹ̩սԱֻһԭ򣬾ҵսԱѾʼڶˣ


228 
ֻһӵʱϢڼһͳһӵվϿȵĶ漱жȥ
Լһҵʱ䣬߳Ͽȣӳһɭ֡ϵֱڶأնɱʮֻ׳ڵĴ֮ܡ
˻
˵һʮֻֻԭҲûʲôǸովǳսǻЩһֻ߼ֻ֮ΧǡƾΣˡ
꣬˵ﲻֻּ֮Χɱǵľɣ
Ѱ˼һµӦòᣬǴֲǲԭֱȽܼ̫γֻ֮Χľ档
ҲԣҵͷҲ˵鶼һЩ
ܲθӣҪСġǵĵ˲Ǵ֮ܣƹ̩սӡ˭֪ǻ᲻ǡ
Ļһ䣬еսԱ񾭶Ǹؾ衣
Լɨ˸սӣܿѾΪ˸жΪ˳ԼҲô˶Լȡж
ɢһС飬ƽң

һ飡
꣬أ
ȥǰ̽̽·ʵ̫ӣûҵսԱǣǶԸܾ֮㹻ͷʹˡܹҵ䵥Ĵ֮ܣٵĴ֮ܡ
ҪСģ
ţһСĵģ뿪ʱ䣬Ҹ𣡡
أ
أ
ηɿʧڴ֮СųʧıӰ˵һС飬
СʱһӰͻǰҰС
ֹҴȣ
ң
꣡Ҵϲ
ߣʮһֻ֮ܣ
սԱ۾һڳ༱ٵıȥԼһӶʱ䣬ǰĳͣľʮŸսԱҲ˲ͣʱž͸߲Ҷǰʮ״һСӣʱʮһֻ֮ˮ
׼𣿡ѹ˵
׼ˣ
ϣ
ͺһһԾ֣ͬһ֧һʮĴ֮ܡľʮŸսԱͬʮ֧ڳ
𡭡
ʮһֻܷ֮˳ǣû˿ңԴ󷢡֫ŵغ¡¡ųǳײ
ʮ׵ľ룬˫ڶԳ壬ֻգ֮ײһ
κһֻǰĴ֮һֻ֮ܵʺһֻ֮ܣֻ֮ʺѪ¡¡ǰʮףصˤڵء
꣬Ҵһڳ
һ٣˫ڵһߣȻգһŴ֮ϡֻܴ֮Ľ³¡¡ȥ
վһ֦֮·ȥʱֻʣʮֻ֮ܣʮ˶Ըһֻ֮ܡ̾Ϩȥæ˼
֮ԴһҲǺ³ɱ̫࣬ûǶĻᡣǴȣͬҲߵĻᡣ
߸ߵվ֦ϣžΧţΪҲt
ʮ˶Ըһ֮ܣһӵʱͽʣµʮֻ֮նɱ¶Цų˴Ĵָ
֦˵һصѵˣһѵĵطɱ֮ܣҴ֮ܡĵ̫ӣҪʮֻ֮ҲסǼռȶķǰٳȥң
ãµսԱЦ˵㸺ңǸɱ
ãҲǹЦһݣʧڴ֮䡣
γ껨ѵʱȽϳȥ˰Сʱȴûҵһֻ֮ܡȻɫ䣬ǹǹǴǸġ
̵תͷǵķ򼲱ȥһÿ¡ʣһҵսԱǣΪܹطֱǹǳһģǡ
ɫٱ䣬ǹһѵҵսˣ
ǹԽԽܼͬһشǸļ١
ܿͽӽսһݣ˫һִĹߣѾԾǰȥ
ǰڷһս˲ϳ̩ͷƹҵսڼлǡ
ȻŴֵıǺԵؿѾ·磬̩ͷƹսԱڻرƽ
֮ǰս겻˽⣬սͷǰȴʮ
̩ͷƹսԱƽʮֻǲ죬ǻսԱ׼Ƶǿ첻
ʱؿ̩ͷƹսԱ£Ŀһ£ǴʱѾ֮һı
ɫЩأ֪ΪʲôҵսԱΧɱսӣսԱȴû˿ټ
ǣʱѾûʱȥЩǹһķƹսӵıɿǱ˹ȥ
ҰкܿƹսԱıӰ˿ûо쵽ǵѾǹ
ա
䣬ȻѸٵ뿪ԭءƹսԱĺԸԱһˤڵϡ
ǹûսǹУûע⵽ꡣ
ԼеϢڴпٶεƶţʱط䣬ոһƹսԱ
ֻһӵʱ䣬͸ɵ˶ʮƹսԱĽƹһĻҲǰƽֺ
ƹսԱڸо˲Ծһ˫˫ĿΧɨš
ͬǻǱߵսԱҲо˲ͬƹһĻԵ½ôо
ҺսԱԼ˾ɵ˶ٷƹսԱû÷ƹսԱٵ˵ĳ̶ȡ
˾ֻһԭ
ˣ


229 ֱ
սԱһҺ̩ܿսһ˷ƹһսԱǣҺȴһ࣬ǷƹսԱı
ƹߵǹžͻȻļԱǲŪԭ򣬱˵սԱԼܻܲ⡣
ƹսɳСӣʼΧѲ顣
ѹ˵ڷƹսԱ󣬷ƹսӳСҪ̽㸺һҸһô
ã
ϣ
ǰֻͬߣٶȳؿ졣
ʱ֪ԼֻҪһǹͻᱻԷ֣˼ԼǿǹߣƵ̩Ǳ߷̩սԱߵķƹʣѾѶԻսԱٹв
ʱ򣬴Ӷٵǹ죬ѰķƹսԱ˵û˶
ա
ƹսԱҺ
ա
ǱߵսԱҲʼŷƹսӿѹƶԷĹҺĻᡣ
ա
˲˾ʱ뿪֧ԮҺᡣ
ƹսԱµʱ򣬷ƹսԱڷ˳꣬ų
Լıһ㣬̫Σˡ
ʱķƹսԱֻʣʮˣ̷ֳʮųƽ˹ķƹսԱǳоɳŻսǱԷսӱƹ
ӹһ˿ʱѾ¶ˣͲڱˡһôִĹ棬ĺһб£ſǸбµ棬бϺһ·һ࣬̽ͷ
û̷ǹǹ۲ʮƹսԱλá
ա
¶ڳҰеķƹսԱӦءʣԵһѡء
һսԱӦþ߱ĵһӦҪԼѰһɱˡ
ûҲûǴʹԵǳꡣ
ľ˲ǹڡ
ա
ӳǹȥĹڿл˻ߡ
ۡ
ƹսӶԱԴѪ
ա
ǹĹڴּ仮һߣ˴ʱԼҺķƹսԱ
ִӱˣڳ˵ȫû˿ѶȣҪȳѵʱ̫ࡣ
ա
а˸ƹսԱ˲䵹£ƹսԱˣæڵϣع۲ΧһС
ա
һЩƹսԱҰлһߡ
ۡ
һƹսԱ̫ѨһѪͷһˡ
ա
ۡ
׼ĻƹսԱϵƹսԱʱѾԼĴԼǰӣȥֻ·һ
ƴˣ
ƹսԱʱ֪Լܹٶȥˣֻðճˣڴ˦սԱһ
Χ˻սԱӵ˽ҲûУҲǸ˼
ƹսԱƵôس˳ڻսԱͳ֮ȱڴ˳ȥ
ա
ҺȻսԱҲʼˣƹսԱʱһƶİӡѲסսԱǡ
ƹսԱһֱţô˳֮⣬սԱҲûа취ֻرƽ
ǣһһ滪սԱûôԱΪ󲿷ֻսԱһ̩սԱһֻʮ
һ棬ŷƹսԱƽսԱҲ᲻С
ǣ˳꣬ӲؽƹսԱ˳Ϊ˻սԱĻӡ
ֻǲһӵʱ䣬ƹսԱֻʣʮ̵ֻŴֿ񱼶ȥ
곯Ҵ˼ƣȻ̹Ȧһ̩սԱǱȥ
ѸٵĻسȥָһսҴʮսԱʮƹսԱ׷ȥ
ȻΣߵս仯̫ˣһ̩սԱע⡣ڴдеα̩սԱˡ
ǳ̩꣡սӵĶӳϳ˳꣺ɵ
ա
ų˹ȥʮ׵ľȫչ΢뼶ʹ˼¡һſӵĶʮ׾磬һей켣ɼ΢뼶չһſӵ
̩սԱų걼˹еǹųŻ档
ڱ˦ǹ̩սԱüıαȻصˤڵϡ
мҪ̩սԱȻסӣѸٵڴĺ档ǹ̫ˣ˶м͸ɵ˶еսԱǴ˵еǹаɣ
̩սԱɫһ˲䣬Ȼסǹҵǹֱģлˣ˲л㣬̩սԱε¡
ߵ̩սԱƤӶһһ˿
һһǹ̩սԱ˲壡
̩սԱеĲʼ󣬴ʱǶһǹѾʧֻԶԶشǹǹԽԽԶơ
ʲô
һķƹսԱѾˣʧܵԭҲˣΪꡣ
Χˣ
ա
Ӧ̩֮սԱųɨ䣬Ѹٺˣһ·ſһʯĺ棬ʯ˲䱻ٵǹʯҷɡ
ݡ
һűը˳Ķʮ׾磬˫ȻʯϺݺһߣƽţӽŵͬһ֧źȥֻ첲סͷ
䡫


230 ǹս
귢ֵ㹻磬˵㹻죬ǻǱըನɨˣڿطԶԶˤ˳ȥ
ȥɵ̩ӳݺݵغʮ̩սԱų˹
ʮǹͬʱ𣬳껹ûǹĺ󱳡
ǹĳøոһĳſȥûϵķ£ʱѾ͸ˡ
꽫ǹ˺ϣ㲢ãͬһֻ棬ŵɶȥ˲˳ȥһʯĺ档
ǱߣΧȥ
ա
ǹʯʯɣ꽫ϵǹȡʮ׾ȫչ
ʮǹͣųصʯк̧ͷֻܹʯ֮
־ʮ˽ȫѹƣʱʮ̩սԱͲҪұֻҪѹס꣬ƽֻ꣬·һ
ǹʯϵػ飬һſʯĴɽʮ̩սԱж¶˷ܵĹâɨӪ缶ǿµȱҪǵУǱؽ˶ȵ
ǡǲ֪ž磬Ȼܹ̽ͷʮ̩սԱλãǵ̩սԱ̤Ķʮ׾Χ֮ǵλñسڳԺС
ա
ľȷ˵˵λúѸٵˣľѸǹڻۣǹʯ֮˳ȥ
ۡ
̩սԱü쭳һѪ浹¡
ǹ˲һ٣µ̩սԱɫôһ˲ʵ̫˼ˣǵⷶΧ
ûмðͷûмʯĺ¶ǹڣ͹ɳǹˡ
ļٵģ
⡭̫ˡ
һ˲ʯվ˳ǹǹк˳
˸̩սԱ˲䱻УڳǰֻʣսԱȴͻȻ˫ڵߣͬһһ˳ȥ
̩սԱͬʱųӳ˱ը
ڿзˣ¶֮ɫǹסսԱǹ
̩սԱüĸ쭳һѪ񲻸ʵų꣬浹¡
䡭
űըڳղڵʯ죬ʱѾԶڿйͬһΣըƷɣӿٵ˳ȥ
顭
νһŴײϣǰȥ
顭
һײһôϣӿе
شӵϵһ㵽һô棬š˻һһ嶼һɢ˼ܵĸо
̩սӶӳ۾ˣʮսԱȻʮϢʱͱȫɵ
һĻ̩սԱ׵ɵˣ
̫ˣٵ޷ţҶսԱûеǿ̶Ȱ
űըʧʮսԱǡĳִӵӡ
ѾͻƵ˰ɣһ̩սԱ߽˵
еսԱһһģֹ޷͡
ǡھô
ڵҲûмûпǵǹ䰡
׹鲻ףǴʱǶһǾǱɱܹ꣬ɱԼЩ˶
սӵһѾսһķܿͻῪʼǵгôһħڣȫûֻʱ⡣
ʱ仹ܾá
̩սӶӳϵ´ʮսԱƴֹĻսԱķµļʮսԱų˹ȥ
ñը
̩սӶӳʱǹгѾûģƶٶ̫ˣǴ֣޷ꡣ
ʱҲ˲ýʡըˣܻܲŶ֪űըʲô
ɱ
ʮһֶǹһűըų񱼶ȥ
ڶԶǹصȴ໥֮ľ
еһ̩սԱͻȻһоԼĳˡûеȵһӦ
ա
һǹ졭
еǹһǹ𡭡
׼еıը
䡭
޵ĺУ̩սԱƬ
ա
ǹҪͶľԶϺܶ࣬ûдﵽͶľ룬־׼űը
䡭
Ǿ̩սԱ죬˼顣
ǹǹѹסǸ̩սӶӳش󺰡
ա
ӵͬһɨ˹
˲ɵڵϣһ·Ŷһʯ֮
̩սӶӳɿشƣսԱͬǿǹڻ£ųǸʯǱ˹ȥ߱ը
ںܱǹȫѹͲܹ̽ͷ۲ԷλãҶԷҲܹƿصĶʮ֮⡣
ڶԷսԱһвѻڵԼ뿪ֻҪԼһ뿪ʯͻԼͷ
Ȼû̽ͷҲʮֿ϶ʱԷһǱйֻҪͶľ룬̻в֪űըӹ
걳ʯǹ£Ƚµͷ״ϣֻ¶ֻ۾ǿסȻֽ״ϡ
׼ˣ
ŷµıֻǱǹУֻҪըУͲΣա
ȡһűը׼ӳȥűըıըڻܣȴȻһǹǹǻսԱĺɱ
ŻսԱʮǵ̩սԱӺɱ
ֻôһ˲ЩѹƳǹвɻңͷȥǹҲôһ١ǼѻҲľ


231 񱼵
дϲֽһűըԽʯ˳ȥȻſڵϣֽŲãͬһֻһؽŵԶ˳ȥ
䡭
ըıըǱ̩սԱߣοǻûеͶľ롣ըıըܵһſȵ̧ͷʱﻹгӰӣ
ա
սԱǹҵ𣬴ʱսԱѾ̩սԱҪʿ
սԱΪĻع飬Ϊһƹսӵİˣʿ̩ʿȴѾ˥䵽˼㡣
ԣսһ˲͸ɵ˶ԷŸսԱ
ʱĳȴԼһϢͬһֻèһڴǱţܿƵһ࣬΢е۾ӵͶ֡
һֿʼϢƶҪѡһѵλãһûľڵλá֤˲ˣͶͶĻᡣ
λã
Ȼվָٵع
ա
䣬ǹڼǹȻѸٵغ󳷣ʧڴ֮䡣ոһ̩սԱͨһſȥһˣ
ڴּٵƶţʱһǹÿһǹһ
̩սԱʱ鵽˱ѹƵζʱǹѾȫѹ˶ԷѹиͲܣһܾͳ˰ӡ
ǶҲûǻã鵽˳ǹĿֲĵطȥôİȫǳǹǴ󲻵λùǵüģ̫Ѩ
ʱǶԼҵľԹޣǾнףΪ´ڴзսӣô
Сʱʱ䣬ּžе̩սԱС˻ϵһ֪սԱҲˡ
˿ʼɨս˵кͱըսƽ䡣
ֵ˴Լһӵʱ䣬Ҵ˻ˡһ֧鵹ûϾ׷ɥ֮Ȯ
ôҡ
Ǹƹİ벽ˣҺ޺޵˵ֻһˡ
΢΢üҪСԺǹ
һȭһԵϣ˵Թңûã
ļҪ⣬Ǵ֣θӣܹܵҲ֡
䣬ɫȻȰսѾ͵ϼǺţǷصʱ򣬴ǡ
ǣ
ս֮󣬳һ뿪̽鵽ʵĴ֮֮󣬾̷أֱ˶ȥ
ƻʱ֣˵ڶصϿȥ
һʱڣǲûǸƹ벽ǰɱҲûսӡ
Ϊ̩ƹսսѾ˷̫ʱ䣬ʱʮսԱڴзɱš˶ϿȣһηɿسϿȡ
Ϣʮӣ
껰һƨ˵ϣȡˮ͸µսԱҲ׷˵ȡˮ͸̻
ʮ֮еսԱӵվϿȵĶ漲жȥ
ϿȣһƬŹľò
ϵֱַɱʮֻԶ󣡡

һȥ֮󣬳Ѹٵſ£ͬʱԺƣµսԱҲѸٵſ£ǰ˳̽ͷȥ
һѸٱɫǵǰһȺһٶͷ
ô죿ѹ˵
üͷ˵˷̫ʱˣʱѾͨһأǲܹƵ̫Զ˵Ҳұ֤ƵûȺ
ƴˣҺ˵
ñըȡһűըѾɻ˺ܶࡣ
ҵ۾һ԰
۾ŶȺѹ˵׼𣿡
׼ˣ
ϣ
δӵԾȺ˹ȥľʮĸսԱ档
Ԥ
ȣ˹
Ͷ
ಡ
ʮĿűը˳ȥȺȥ
䡭
޵ĺʧϡ
価ſڵ̧ͷһٶֻըһ࣬µļʮͷҲдˣֻʮͷ󷢷һųǳ˹
ը
ٴδһӳһűըǾʮűը˹ȥ
䡭
ʮֻȻء
塭
ǹ˳ȥܱŶʮͷһըը˵ɨ䡣
ա
ʮǹǶʮֻųǶײ˹
˫ľڷɿؽӽ˵ֻʣ˰ֻ

꽫ǹһ棬
ৡ
ʮڿռҫʮӰǰֻ˵ȥ
ʱϵֱɵ񣬿ǰĹأ
ৡ
ֱУʮսԱԶֳ˰˸СֱŰ˸˹ȥشӰֻӹһѰй
ʮսԱθͣҲǰֻŶ񱼶ȥ
ǾҪʱ䣬ȡѶʧʱ׷ǰսӡ
¡¡
ȻƤ񣬳˱ըҪڶʱɱǻǺѡʱѪһ׷ųȾʮˡ
죡죡죡Ҫͣ
ʮͬʮֻѸɱ
ʮ˱еǱǰɱǵǰֻ׷ᡣ


232 
ͻȻǵǰֳһȺԼаʮֻҡ˵ɫһ̴ͣ󺰵Ҫͣը׼
ʮսԱȡ˱ըٶû˿и˫ĿŶȺ
ʱȺҲ˳ǣųǿ񱼶رǲȵ¡¡Ϊ֮һǣӭϢ
˫ľ
Ԥȡ
ӣ
г˾ʮڵ㡭
䡭
񱩵ڿռŰĺʧϡ
һƬУȺըһͨͨѸٵس˹ȥ
п˰СʱʱǵѾʮֻ׷ǣеļֻǵڶ
ˣټһѾ
ڳ˵гϿȵڣҲ׵ľ롣ȴţֻҪǳȥŹϣǾͰȫˡ
ಡ
ȳϿȣ̼ͣסԼǰΣսԱҲһ𾪡
ǵǰǵϿȱˣ

׼ȷ˵ǽһ£ôʯݳһǽǽһֻֻǹ
ˣ
˫˲䲼Ѫ˿ͬʱеǹǹ𡭡
ǹΪɱУΪء
ΪʱսԱȫ
ա
սԱҲʼһ߷ɿغˣһҵػ
Ρ
ߣҪҡ

ߣģӺƴˡ
Сģը
Ӷǽɳűը
ա
űըոշɳǽһ˲䣬;׼еűը
䡭
űըڿбըͷųܽǽ嶼Ʒ֮һʮսԱʱͱը
˸£Ҫըǹսӳŭؽš
ǳľ벢ԶֻǼӵʱѾ˳ȥڲϿߵͱ£ȵը󣡡
ʱʮֻǳײ˹
Ͷ
ʮը˳ȥһƬУʮֻں¡¡صˡ

һʮţ
Ҳû⼸ӵʱ䣬սԱȥˡ
˵˱
ܿ˵ͳ˳ʮˣˡȻڲзϣԤѾɥʧսڳԾ˵սԱûз£˴ʱѾˡ·ķ»޷ȫֵ߼ǹ
ǿķ¿װЩ̾ҲҾôȥ˭֪ڼ»᲻˵սѣ˵ЩϿ֮˵ʮ߸˾ϿС
ӳʮ˵սԱغ
ҲûҪ˶Ա̺ȵ
ǲñʮսԱˣ˶Ա
죡ҴӦǣһĶ֮һμӾ
ʮ߸˶ԱˣռһƬĬ
һ˵սԱݺݵһȭͱϡ

ϿڴЪ˹ķЦǴ󵺾ʱ沿ЩŤͷųĳޡԼһư벽ǾȻҰһոͻƵİ벽ǵ£һ޷ϴ̵ĳ衣Ծѵսľǳɨҵİ벽ǣͻᱻʸ
һ𣬴󵺾ĿȷˣǾɱ꣬ϧһдۡ
Ԥ֮ǰյԾĺϢѾͷƹ̩Э顣ҵսӾַսӡΪȡĻᡣ
˵ʵ󵺾ܲ⣬ɱ꣬ǰѳŰǣ´ֻа¡
ǣƹǸ벽˳ߴ󵺾ʧܣƹһսԱʣһ˵ʱ򣬴󵺾û˿ߣ
ҪҵУ
󵺾ڽϿ֮̿ʼ£ҪϿȱɻսԱķس
û뵽ķӦ˿죬ҳǹ˾׼һֵǿߣǹҲ˾׼̫Ԥˣ
ʱҲģһܷϣرǳꡣһɨ벽ǵߣҪǱԼʧȥ˶ĻᣬǻܹԭԼҲһء
ԳǿֻܹǿΪϿȵ඼ǱֱͱڣսԱ޷ʵǡ
شЦϿں¡¡ش˳꣡ǿ㣬㲻һСɣ
սԱһ˫Ŀŭҧáԡֱ죡
ӳһеǹҴȥǿ֤£
¸ƨʲô£ǵǱСˣ곯һۣȴ۾һӳа취
룡
꽫ȥʼ˼ɽȣȻ󽫾Լ˫ϣʼ÷ɽȵĿھ
оһϲɽȵĹڳǿľ£ʼ˫˫չ˳
ֱϵļѸٵ˼¡ֻϵļع˹ͷϣͷųĹʮָͬʮС
۵
еǹ˵ϣĿؽųֻ֡
⡭⡭
ΧҲòȥһĿɿڴؿŷһУֻǶ̶̵ӣ־ͱ˽֡
ԶսԱ飬һʵʲô
ʲô
ųͱڲȥ
ꡭ
ͬ嶹һͱ֮ڡ
ꡭ
⡭⡭ǽ֣Ͱ͵˵
֣ͷֲԺͽ֣


233 ǿ
ִֽͱڰ˳ߵļսԱǵıըóһЩŽҵı
Ҽ̽ԼıըȡŽ˳ıʱ򣬴Ͽִ󵺾꣬Сų㺦ֻҪҾͷǹȥ
ǹǣ˵
ףҵͷϿȱϵսԱǹ˳ȥ˼ǹϿڳƬ̣űĴЦ
ʱŲ˼űֱͱڣһ˫ֽŲͱڣμٵͱ֮
ٶȼ죬ܿͱһСڵ㡣һҵʱ䣬оԼĽűơ
꽫еľ˫֣ȫ˫ѹάŽ֡
ִӼʼɢɢⲿϵĺˮѾ۳СϪһ¡

ڿһͱ֮ϣͷȥѾֻʣ˫ַŵؽ
˦˦֣ɢȥ˽֡ϢϿȵķٵȥ
ͱ֮£ҵųʧ¶ˣһ𾪵Ŀɿڴ֮ǰ;óѾˣû뵽ǹӵ¶һ˫ֵľԽǺͳһʱӳԽǸоɲ⡣
治֪ôģ
ԭϿȱ߾ͲԶֻǼӵʱϿȱԵ̽ͷȥµĺԼʮңѸٵŲսԱͷ
Ӻӱ潫һſűըȡ˳óʮţԼǰ˳ֵĵطȻ̽ͷ·һۣȷλá
˫ָǰһ£Ȼͼ˫ڿ˵Ӱһſűը֮Ͽȥ
һűըû䵽棬һűըѾ˳ȥ
꣡ͻõطǹһ£𣿡
Ͽȵײ󵺾ŵϿؼ
ңϿͱϵͯսһǹ֮תͷʵȥûУ
òǺǿӰʧˣӦȥ˰ɣٵһӦжˡֻҪӵıըһ죬ǾͿʼж
䡭
ûеȵҵ£Ͽھ˺
䡭
Ӷ𣬰սԱĲҽ
ϣ
ҴһսԱѸٵسϿȡʱĹѾըȫݻ٣ʱıըںšҵһϿȣͿлмڵ䡭
䡭
еĺڵ䵽棬ͷųŰʯѪɣͲҽ
ʱսԱﻹ˵ϴϿȿڳҵˣͻıըȫˣǸ֪ըôͻȻͷϵ
ʱҵҲòԶԶعۿţûĻᣬΪըĻҳȫסǵҰǸսӡ
ʮűըĺˣǵĲҽʮͻıըǽĹȫݻ٣ҲսԱȫֻʣ˼Ա
ϣ
Ҹߺһȳȥͬʱǹȫ
ա
˷ܵسĻսԱûüǹͷֲÿǹˡըʣµļŵսԱҲҺɸӡ
ɨս
˿ʼɨսջıըв࣬ʿһ롣Ϊıըڳıը£ҲһЩˣսԱĳ档
Ҳûջ񣬵ǿ˷ƹǸսӶӳʬ壬ʱ°ѾûˣǸ󵺾ȻҲòܹˡ
ɨս֮ҵԭϢȴ
ʱĳ¶ϢʵĺܴҪʱָǣֲܹϢ̫ʱ䡣ΪǱӵʱѾܾˡ֪Ͽȵ״ΣϿڵĸսûдαµʱ̫ˡ
ֻϢһӵʱ䣬ӵվϵıδӺ󱳳Ͽһ
αһһ䡭
ʮңеͱһ壬ǱͲͱ֮ڣֹס
νһ飬һ䡭
ˣ
ͷϴ˽ͱڵ̧ͷȥͼڼ·䡣
ӵʱ䣬˵ϡĿһɨûٳˣŷ
ӳϢһ°ɣվΣĿ𾴵˳ꡣʱԳνķڷսԱҲһ𾴵Ŀųꡣ
ҡҡͷϢˣµʱ̫ˡԱ£̳
ʮŸսԱ۵糸سϿȣϿȵ岼СͺĴ֣һ֣ϵֱͷأɱʮֻԶ۷
𡭡
Զ˰ĺЦһ÷˼ȥˣѾٻˣ
꣬۷ķ͹ǲͰ
һµҩ
ܿһ־ͱÿ˽ʱӵекը֮⣬ÿսԱƽԼкըȻŶһѻ
ãǾȻǹޱҪٽս
ǣ
ʮŸŰеķ򼲳۶ȥԼҵʱ䣬ǵǰֻ
űը


234 ٵĹ
ȣսԱӳűը
䡭
űը׼߱ը
𡭡
ֻϱ˴ļ⣬ѪͬȪһ˳űըֻֻŭˣųų˿񱼶
Ϊ֮¡¡ͬס
ǣűըȻûըֻȴó˲ĳ
Ŀűը
𣬴ӳӳĿűը
䡭
Ŀűըֻ±ը͵ֻըء
𡭡
ΧĿռ˲ĺȻȥ棬İ٣Լֻ
ǣ
ʶ˳һ·ϵǿʱЩսԱڳһäĿΡʱ˵ȺڴܣܾˣȥˣҲԥѡš
Լ߷֮ǵҰгֻ
һֻűը
껰䣬ʮűը˳ȥ
䡭
ʮֻֻʣһֻҲһϢֻǻײе۾ų
ǹϣ
ȳ˳ȥеǹǹ
ա
ʮŸսԱͬʱֻʱ䣬Ǹͻ˼ƣա¡һ˵ϡ
𡭡
ΧĺԽԽˣҲԽԽܼˣɫЩѿ
ôˣһԵųѿı飬һҲ
ǱΧˣʮһӷ٣ʮֻǱڰΧ֮ǰʮֻɵȥЩ˿»˼ɱʮҲˡ
ǻʲôΧˣʱҲ
Ҫʡըʮһ㷽ϣ
ڵһ壬ʮһ㷽˳ȥʮӰڴּɿشǵΧͣһװغУܴضٵĽŲǺΧ
죡죡ٿ
Ŀ֣ըԤ
ʮŸսԱѸٵͶ׼
ݣʱȴ̲סһֿڣ澹Ȼֻʮֻ˵˵ؾͲһֻɵص༸ֻҲа
ӣ
һȽеıը˳ȥʮſűըڿл˶ʮֻ
䡭
һƬܰΧİס˱ڵĽŲرǴӾŵӷѾڳҰеļʮֻ¶˿־塣
ֱݻһƬ̳ڵ˫ۡڳǵǰѾûȻǿ棬ǴӶʧİĺѾ֪ȫ
ңĹϿȳ壡
һȻתžŵӷ˹ȥ
ꡭҴ󾪡
ߣͷҲصغ
ͬһ֧һžŵǼʮ˹ȥѸٵؽͷٴδϣȻ˫ֵҲϣдʱһűը
𡭡
ļʮֻе˳Ǽ˹ʶղűըЩ־塣ųһջԴ󷢣ųײ˹ǼʮֻҲŭ𣬽
;޴İǼʮֻӾϵĳǡ
ʱҵѾ˰ΧȦͷųķȥ
ֻʮֻӴİ̳ͬһСɽٵƶǵĶ棬һСӰͬһ֧ǳǰǸ
顭
˫Ȼڵߣͬһس𣬶ʮ׾ȫ˫ȵļʱѾ˹ͷϣͷųĹŰͷ˹ȥ
𡭡
ֻһŴͳų߹˫ҧ˹ȥ
ಡ
˫ּͬʱűը˲ӽֻĴ˫ڿһ㿪˰Ĵ죬ȻĴͷϺݺһߡ
顭
ݺһߣһӽֻſĴߵñպϣͬʱνһ֮ͬһųŵڵź󷽼˳ȥ
䡭
Ĵͷűըը÷飬еĳ걻ըųƷɣٶȸӿٵڿг
ŷ£ֻǽ˫ڵ۾ǰ棬зŵȥ
顭
˫˵֮ϣһģѸٵҵ˳˹ȥͬʱӱ۴󺰵ܣ
Ҽ갲ȻдϲתɱʱϵֱͨأĹء
¡¡
ǵиֻųǵķ׷˹
ܣܣܣ
󺰣Լٶ˼£ڵһȫ˳΢뼶չֻǼӵʱ׷ǡ
ʮӰڴзɱֻֻ̹ͬһ·ײ׷˹
ϿԽԽˣİҲԽԽˡͷһۣƤӶסһ
Ҫͷһֱܣը׼
󺰣İʮ˸սԱûлͷһ·񱼣ͬʱȡһűը
һһ߻ͷţذȺͶľ롣
Ԥ
ʮŸսԱͬʱ˱ը
Ͷ
ʮŸսԱͬʱӳ˱ը֮㲻ܲ˵ػͷɿؿ񱼡
䡭
һʧϵĺУʮŸսԱϿȣȻ󰴶Աߵİťص¡¡رա
һƨ˵ϣŴ˵Ϣʮ֡ӣ


235 һ
ûеȵ˵սԱҲһƨ˵ϣϢ֮󣬿ʼӱȡˮ˼ڣȻϢһ
ʱ򣬴ҼһԼװʣ¶ٻʮ֮󣬳ӵվȵ
ʮŸսԱϿȵĶ漱жȥ
Լʮӵʱ䣬ߵϿȵľͷҲȴŽĹšڴϻһСڣСȥĿһ
֮⾹Ȼһء
һԲɽȣ뽨һĿһ£Լʮ˲ģ֮һˣƮŵ˵ġ
ҪľǽǸĶȻԭ·ȥ
ĻڣĲɷΧ˹ȥɫһ䡣
ɽдʱεŴԼٶҰˣҰú͵ӰеĽղֻ࣬ûнոߵôţҲ׿⣬׸ߡ
ΪؼѾ˽ϸߵǣ֪ܹжŴִ޹ǣֻҪ޹ǵľ޴󣬾ͿԿ޹ǵ޻εľ޴
޶ȺҰ˸ɵˣɼȺҰ˵ֵô˿ֲ޹Ϸ˹һʮֵؼӲ²ȳе֪ܲܽ޹նϡ
ÿһҰ˵жŸʽľ޴޹ǣʱشΧʮϿڵɨҲ֪֮ࡣ
ʱǲżˣЩҰ˸ûһ˿ң֤ĿǰΪֹû˽뵽ɽС
굹˻ʾͨǸСڲ鿴һ¡ܿ죬ʮ˸սԱ͹۲һߣܹûлӡ
ϿڼžҶ˼ս
Ȼ֮Ұ˵ŭҵԴѸٵشǸСڣһϿȵĴŴˣȱ˹̹սԱ˳ٶҰųȱ˹̹սԱ
ըȱ˹̹Ա˳һſűըڿл
𡭡
ҰͻȻǱըڿвŻһ㣬ЩҰ˾ͳ嵽˸ǰȻо޴޹ǡ
žžž
ǾȻеıըϵأӲþ޵Ĺͷѱը˻ȥ
䡭
ǿ׳ȱ˹̹˲䱻Լӳȥıըըһ룬ʣµһС뻹кܶ˵ġ
Ϊ֮ٸҰ˻Ӷž޴޹ǳ˳ȥȳֻ˲嵽ȱ˹̹˵ĸǰ޴޹
顭
ȻնǾ޴޹ǡ
ۡ
޴ѹȱ˹̹սԱеͷ­ҵķѡ
սûгӣһ֧ȱ˹̹սӾͱҰɱ⣬Ұ˾Ȼû˿˺
гһʼȱ˹̹սԱӳһֱը֮⣬ȻǹĻᶼûУͱҰȫɱ
ȱ˹̹սû뵽Ұ˻ѱըķ棬ǸҪЩҰǣ޴
ֵߣټǣٶҰ˼ֱ̫ˣ
ҽͷ˻˶˶Էϵء
ܲöԸŪþȫīľ档սԱҰ˲ȱĻԲҰ˵Ķ֡ǳںҰ˲ȱĻҲû˿Ӯİա
սӵƾȱбըǹ
ҪúãҪмƻܵļƻܹȱ˹̹սţʱΧЩϿһս۲죬ӦвսӶѾˣֻûܼƻ֮ǰûǸսӸ׳
ȱ˹̹սӾõӣҰ˵Ľȫī
ҲеսӶڵŵڶ֧սӴϿгǺҰ˵ѰҾ飬߻ᡣ
ǣǸսҲɵԴȱ˹̹սڲڱҰȫܾ֮;ĵģҲûκһ֧սӳ
ô죿ʵ
ҡҡͷһƨ˵ϣüͷ˼ָڵϺܿ컮ɽڵĵͼǸͼҲΧڵͼΧü˼š
𡭡
ִҰ˷ŭĺһµشӵְͷյСڡ
һϿȵĴŴˣսӳ˳һϿȾźͣûмǰ壬ЩҰ໽ų˹ȥ
ӰսдһսԱ̿˱ըûӳȥŵƤ˳ȥ
һٶҰ˵ԤϣЩҰ˷ӦÿһЩѾӽը˻ȥҰ˵һٶҲսԱԤϣһսӳȥıըһ󲿷ҰȺﱬըһСڰսԱбը
䡭
Ұ˵ȻǿҵıըֻըʮʮҰ˵Ĳˡбǰ޴Ұ嵲ס˱ըûˣӷսԱ
սҲΪһС뱻߻ıըըһˡʱҰ˱˹սһµսԱŵƤӳһը
ȻЩսԱ˾飬ɢյڵء
䡭
˫໥֮䶼ʱҰѾܹӱըˡսԱƺѾѾϵ̿ʼǹڱҵǹ
ǹҰ˵ϣҰ˲ϵ˺ǣҰ˵ƤƺȻϵ˺ҲѪҺȴʱܹΣǵܿǾͳ嵽˰սԱĸǰ
սӳˣ˵
ȻڳҰֿϿȵĴŴ򿪣ǼկսӣϿȴ򿪴ţ֧սӳ˳֧սӶųðսҰʱ̳


236 쿪ʼ
𡭡
ϿȵĴһ죬;ЩҰˣһЩҰ֧սԱ˹ȥ
ʱһϿȴ˴ţһֻսӳ˳
Ǻ˵
ţ
ͷŴ򿪣һ֧֧սԱ˳ÿһ֧ոճսӶȳżսսӳһֱըǲŲҵսӡ
ɽѾҳһƬ
ĿɽɨţûпӡȵսӡǸŬķ֪ûͻƵڣͻƵڼ㣿Ϊʲô
еתȻ両һƻͷ˻˵һŴ򿪣һȥ죬̰ѴŹϡ
ӳ
ֹס˵˵꣬ǵĿǶ죬ǹսûбҪһȥǲǰĶˣҪȥ΢뼶ЩҰӲƴֻѰһӦòѡҶʱҪǵĽӦǲҪֹҰˣҪֹҵսԱ׷һ֮ҪѸٵؽŹϡǲܹûк֮ǵطء
ӳҪȥһȥ
ȵ
䣬ֻ˵Ǵʱ͹۵룬ǲõķ
ҧҧãڶӳ뿪֮ǲŹرմţΪڻѹһҪԶӳҰ˺͸սԱ
ãʱҲܹܾԭͷǳ꽫ϵװһ£ûȡըҲûжǹǽǹȡХ͸
ȥǺҰսģֻҪܹɽĸʤԳҪľܺͿܡ
ͷ׺״ϣͷųұȻһơսԱȵս׼
սԱѡѵλһ׼ʱҲŰ˰ť
ߴ򿪣Ÿոմ򿪿ͨһ˵ķ϶ʱѾ˳ȥսԱȴҷ˿񾭣ΪżȻˣͻȫ򿪣ºϱաҪ;ϱոܡ
Ӱոճ˴ţͿֱߵϿȵĴҲոմһ죬һӰ˳ӡȵŬķ
üëһӡȵŬķԼһģһʱŬķҲ˳ָ꣬ųָָȻֳĸָָ˶Է˼ŬķҪԼ˭ȶ죬OKƣȻ˫ڵߣξͷ

һ޵Ĺͷſıųɨ˹ҵǿóϵ·Ȼ졣ɽѹǾ޴޹Ǽڵ˳Ұбֻ޴޹ȫ⡣
ʮ׾ȫǾ޴޹ڿлĹ켣ʼ΢뼶չȻ󱳽ŵƤǰȥ
Ǿ޴޹ǳƤϷɨ紵ϵսӷһҪ˺ѵĴ졣
һ̧˫һֱͦӣͬʱҲǸҰһ޹ɨգһ޴ĽѾӱų˹
ʱѾҽҰ˵ϥһߣǸҰߵһģαͬһųŵڵһ˿Уλ÷˹ȥ
ͻȻһ޴޹ס˳ڿгɵķųͷ­ҵ
Ȼڿһ༱ٵطֻ޴޹ȥǿҵľͽδһ˳䵽˵ϣ˫ڵߣβϵػζӷ϶д
顭
Ĺ޿ɱܣֻҽǰҰ˵ϥһߣһγȥͬʱ˫Ӳӭɨһ޴޹ǡ
䡭
屻߸ߵػ˳ȥǸҰͬһ֣ͷ·һ򣬱һС˿С
˫÷飬·ǸҰÿԭȻ˳ȥеǸ޴޹Ҳնϡ
ХƷ
ڿипһĿŵɨȥѰŬķӰֻŬķӰʱȺҰȺмشš
ʱͬһ֧ʱͬһȫûйͷߣȫ˼ĽǶȻ˹ȥ
ĿһԷͻ֮ӵȻͬ
ʱȴǱŬķһξ룬ǳڸղź͵ǸҰʱѡ˽ǶȡȻ˫۱÷飬ȴڿŸķȥٶȱŬķ˲һ
ա
ĺëͻȻһɼȵΣӿͷѸٵؽ˫Ŀ֮ǰ

ǹڳϡ
ۡ
ǹڳϣ곷ǹķȥսӳǸ벽Լٴι˰
ա
һ𹴶ĻսԱ
ಡ
űը߸ߵӵ˿УսԱ˹ȥ
㣡
̷꿪ǹһԼٴ˳ȥ
䡭
ңͯսӳȥıը䵽˵һƬĺսԱըƬͬʱҲըҰˡ
ڿл˴ĴָȻ´˹ŵ
ʱǵĴǰмҰ˿񱼶ȥҿ˳ƣϵذ˰ťرգҵƴӳը赲Ұ˵Ŀ
䡭
ڹرˣҰ˳˹ŭ˼£ֳսӳ˹ȥҴСųķȥ


237 ˫ۻ
䣬·һҰضų꣬ųķй켣ܣ˫ž޴޹̲ҵ
ڿзŷۼһ޴޹ɨ˹
顭
޹ײһη˳ȥȥ
ϣŬķͬζ̧ͷеĳЦ꣬ȻӵˣֵóΪҵĶ֣
°ܽ
ڿ磬ͬпա֮ڿһת˫սײһ޴޹ǡ

ͬһڵ˳ȥ
ŬķŤһ£һ޴޹ǵĵ˳ȥ꣬һ㳢ʧܵζעҵĵʯ
ڿзУͷŬķȥӣӡش棺ҹԴ׷˵
ڿз͵ɨһ
顭
еٴκһҰ˵޹ײһηɳ˳ȥ
ϡ
ŬķĿһαøӹ죬Ұ˺֮ǰļзмٵǰܶ
Ұ˺͸սԱҲҪֹȴض˹ȥʱڳҰУԷ٤ʩչ𾪡
꣬ҲȽģ
óʵѾŵǰȥ
Сֻܹһͨһ뵽ڣͲٿӴҰܹ׷
顭
˫أ޴޹ͷǰſ㲢ãͬһֻһؼٵǰȥ
顭
ֻ޹Ǻڵϣ޹Ǿ˫Ųһߵľ롣ʱĳѾǵţǵŲ׵ľ룬ֻҪٸһӵʱ䣬ͻܽš
ݡ
걬һֿڣһűըӵǰŬķ꣬ҲȽȥģ
˫һš˲ı˷ͬʱ˫һţŵ˳ȥ
䡭
˱ըĺ굥һĵ򷭹˳ȥ㿪һ޹ǣеָŻһϵİť
ŵŬķȻҲȥ
䡭
Ľ˳ȥһ죬һŰ˳ǰӰڱը˻ûȫʧͬһϴȥ
ಡಡ
ӰȺıǼִ֧޹Ǻݺݵػڴ֮ϣһƬ
Ӱһһ˸΢뼶ʩչ˼ޣǳŬķһߣһ
ڳڵһ˲䣬ȡһűըŬķҲ˲ȡǹ˳ꡣ
ģ
Ŭķŭһǹһ˳ȥΪһűըӳ˹
䡭
һڸ֮𵴣Ѿ˻¥ķȥ
ಡ
Ŭķγ¥ݣ˺˳׷ȥ
ա
Ŭķʱų꿪ǹҲʱؾӸµš˾һ໥һʵǶȥǳȴѹסŬķǰ档
ಡ
һűը˳¥ݱıعγһš
䡭
һ죬Ŭķ·ȥšʱĳվ˸߸ߵ֮ϵĵ˵ġ
ಡ
ٴһűը֮˳˹ȥ˫ߣμٵ𡣵·ըڵ˻ûʧʱ򣬳Ѿ嵽˶ˣһߣڿ˸նһץסģȥ
顭
˫أеָſڣЦеŴſڳǹָԼŬķ
ŬķͻȻǹ˫ֳһ̯꣬ǶǾˣҲߡ˻ȥסſڣҲȥͨĵĹӮˣĸҡˣҵͷߡ

ЦˣղڿѾ֮٤Ĺ죬ҲҪ˽һֹ
ңŬķ¶һ˿ӵ¸㣬Ѿͻڡ
ЦеĽеŬķŬķϻ˵ҲҪ٤
ŬķĿһͨĻ˲֪Ĺһ˽⡣ⲻ
ʱڳŬķ˴ӵһʮ˲ʱٶҰѾĸսɨһա
ʱǵĿⶼΪ֪ŸʵǣҲǵˡǻţųŬķСȻġԣʱǶ̧ͷţŸ֮Զˡ
֮ϡ
ŬķЦˣЦдżȵšӸ֮¡¡ش꣬Ҳ¸㣬Ĺӡҿɲǵһ㣬ڵ㡣꣬ҲӦͻڰɣ
һ㣡ͷûŬķϵĿЦһ˫峺۾ȥҲżȵš
ɽеĸսԱĿⶼһһս㰡ǵľкٿ
ʱЩսԱжϳͬ޵УԽս
Ҳǳսܡ

ǳʱ̣
ʱսԱĿŸ֮ϵˡ


238 
Ȼǵһ㣬ȴѾﵽһٹͨǵߵ߳һ룬ͨǵҲֻǧ˰ٹ
ǣŬķͨǵ
ԣԥؽһٹûһ˿ĿƽŶŬķ
Ŭķ͸¶һ˿ı̫ƽˣȫһһһģʲôƣţ
µĸȻı飬ȴܹоƽһҲǲ⣬Żװ
ĿֱŶŬķתĺָġ
ĺϵƽرŷ˳µĸսԱҲܹоڱ
Ŭķ۾΢΢һ֮Ҳ˳۾һŬķһ͸оԷǿϵս˲𡣳Ŭķ
һйսĸսԱһս㣬ȻóȻöԷȳ֣⡭Ľ
Ŭķɫ΢ȴûоܾȻԷдǾһлܶԷ
顭
Ŭķͬһߣͬβһ˦ͳų˹һʽųʺ˹ȥ
ʵ̫ˣڿռȻûдһ˿ķûּٶȲͬһˮι
䡭
Ŭķֵ˳ǰ֮ʱȴ·߶žˮг˲ƣռ˾ҵı罫ϵ·졣
һȭһٹ˿ռ䣬һǰŬķֹ˹ȥ
ŬķĿһֺԼӲӲķʽϡȫû뵽һһ߻ѡӲѵ֪֮ŵȼϵĲ
顭
˫ݺݵضײһ˵ɫһ𣬳ϵ˶Էֻǧ˰ٹҲûϵԷȻԼ¡ҲӦǶԷ
Ŭķ͸ӵ𾪣ȫû뵽ﵽǿȣȼ硣
һʽĶײȻ˭Ҳû׬ˣϲձۣһʽ͵󵥱޳Ŭķݺݵس˹ȥĺХͬ쫷ιһͬĸֱޡ
ŬķȫûϵӲԼһʽ֮󣬻ѡи͵
Ȼһ󷭣ͬߵľβ˳ֱۣһӵ
顭
˵һζײһһľ档ŬķԭֱһȻ͵Ƥųɱ˹ȥ
΢뼶չֻǽŲ΢΢һȣҡ£˶ԷȵĽɱŬķ˳˫أԭ͵ȴͬ˵棬˫ŵ˫ȣʣ˫ۣע˫ֻ֣ȭͷͬڵһغ˳ꡣ
ŬķѾ߳ŭˣԼڳһΣԭΪοȻܳ꣬һѩǰܡȴû뵽˵ܳ꣬һ˶û׬һʽ˾طѾһǧ
ĿһоһʽǱطѸٿ򹫽սţȭȭ
̫ȭ˫
˫ɽһӭŬķ˫ȭ
һɽԵ͵ѹŬķ
ŬķҰУ·޷бĻ
䡭
һɽѰı죬ϵľռľ˲飬¶ķ¡
Ŭķͬһڵһص˳ȥݺݵײǽϡ
顭
Ӽ˳ȥŬķ˳ȥ
ಡ
Ŭķͬһ˳ǽȥȻ·ĳ˹ȥ󳷣Ŭķǰͬһųʣšҧ顭
꽫̫ȭȫչȸβ󵥱ߣ֣׺ᣬ§ϥֲƲۼʽƱգ֡
úˬֵĸоˬоԼڽʱѾȫ״̬֮У̫İļʡ
ŬķԽԽľѾоԼؿƲסˣԭͬһһס˳꣬顣֪һԼʧܵʱ̡

ܾܿԼʱ̣
Ŭķ⣬˫ڵߣ֣ͬಡһǵţһ꣬㣡ҰˣʵҵĳŵҺڴĵڶν֣
Ȼûȥ׷ŬķҲŬķĻΰԼ£ͷߡڲζͲˡԼڴ˼ͲǱˣǻ伫
ԣҪָղһսȻһЩ򣬵ĵҲʮء
Ŭķ˳Ż¥ɱͬʱȡǹעź󷽣ų׷
ܿ죬µ˵һ㣬˳ȥ
ա
ģ
ŬķһαȥٶȻź浹˳ȥսӼͬʱǹһӽը
䡭
ը˽ŬķƷ˳ȥ
ȿȡ
ŬķſڵϿѾˡʱѾˣĸսԱҪͳ궼УΪ̫ǿˣֻнУЩ˲жϣ


239 
ͲܹȥڽüͷͷӹһͷѵҪͳ֣
һСʱ¥ϴ˽ؽŲ
ŬķʱкܾᣬǣԼǺͳִȥǶڰɱĶ
ͻȻǹͱըˣߵ·ȥûпŬķӰͬʱҲ˸սԱԸŻƣо˲Щͼ
ԣʱ¥ʮֵؾ裬֪Ŭķһ棬˵ͻԼ
ʮ׾ȫĿѰš
ʱŬķҲԥ֪Լѡһǵε˲䣬¶˾ģɱĶ
ڶ֮γȥǾԺˣ
Ŭķ۾¥ݾĳꡭ
ڻսϿڣҶ˳ɹػһƬٵȵǿսʤǵŬķǼͨ졣
ǣȵҺͨСڿսӰڳ̬ŬķĹ֮ʶ˸սӵ˼һж
ҹϵذ˰ťŻشˣʮ˸սͻ׼
սſһսԱתǹڡЩսƺѾĳЭ飬Ҳ֪ӡҵսֻгŬķ˳µսԱϿǽʱɵֳ֣һַ¸֮ڵĳŬķĿǽ˻Уڶֺ͵ԻӡϿڵսԱ
ڻŵͬʱӡսԱصϿڵĴҲڻش򿪡
ֻ˲䣬ɽھ˱ǹıըĺ
ӡҵսչ˼ҵս⼤ҵսеĵһսԱɾŸŻ
ɽڡ
˴ڡ
Ľ㶵ŴĻʱûȥעĻʾɽڵļս¶һ˿𾪡
ǸղŶ˳Ŭķ֮ڸ֮۵ļ˱ֳսѾԶԶس档˵ǱǴǼ
ʱĽ¶˽ֽѾжûһ̸ֳ˴гɼĳʧȥ棬ÿ˴ȣĽԸΪǰ
ҵЦݺ򻪹˭ﶼܡ
ǣλĽȴЦݡһֵ⣬ǰӽǰȴû뵽Լ¶ˣ´ʱЩڹڹۿʵĽжĽҰɣ
ˬ͸ˣ
꣬ҪҳһҪȫضɹ
뵽˶ɹ˲ʱ˵ֻǳɹһ룬ٵľƻǳϾ
ڻһһŬķĸսԱ
ҪɹŲСѶȡ
̽Ŀ˴Ļ¶һ˿ǡʱһĻǸӡȵĽҵĽҲĿŴĻǵѾ϶ӡҵսһȫŬķΪʱսѾӡҵսӲĶ֡
ҪǳŬķڣ£˲ֻܳ
һһǽӳǣΪһ˿ܽӳ
ԣŬķֻһ֣Ǿ
ڡ
ŬķǹѾ˳۾ûа취ϵķ½ʵʵֻ¶ֻ۾
ûǹֻֿտյġҪȫķӦΪ֪ԼľͷŵķΧֻжʮףǹĿǹȴԶԶس롣Ҳ˵ľΧŬķǹ֮ǰ̽鲻ŬķλãܹĵһӦǶ
ա
Ŭķǹǹ𣬳˲ԽȥڿУ˫ĿѾŬķλãһűը˳ȥ
Ŭķδصλô˳ӭǳǹһֵ䣬ֵ䷽ǱŬķ壬ǷκηƶĹ켣
Ŭķɫվסˣ𾪵ų꣬˾ôԶ˫ľ벻ʮףǹڶ׼˶Է
ĸսԱһ񣬼Ȼ洫ǹͱըǾ֤Ŭķƴ
Ŭķһ˿ţΪʱȫ·硣ķ½ĺʵֻ¶ֻ۾ȴ¶ͷ­
ʱҲ¶һ˿Ϊѣ£ԼҪ׼ȷػŬķͷ­ҲʮֲףԷʵǲ
Ŭķ˵ƾȱºñ˴Ρҿͽڲһΰɣһಫ
Ŭķֻ˲˼һ£ͷ˶ǹطŵ˵ϡֱΣĿ˶Է
궯ˣǿٵسǻһһŬķȥ
ŬķҲһһųȥ˵ƶڲͣһ˶׼óѹ׵Ĺ
Ϊ֪ǲܹʱ䳤ˣĸսԱͻǸʱΣˡ
ԣ׼̵ʱڼ֡
ѾǱͨںϵһﵽ۷塣֮ḷ̌ʮѾ̵˶ʮס


240 ֮·
ڣ
۾һУ
顭
ҽһ̤ŶŬķ˹ȥڳ۾һе˲䣬Ŭķ͸оΣͬʱҲ顱ǰһ̤˳꣬ͬʱ˫Ŀ˳ꡣ
ͻȻŬķɫһ㶣ĳʧˣ漴ֳˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
һֻȭͷŬķмٵطŴ󡭡
顭
ȭͷһγɵܼŬķֱͻȻͬû˹ͷһ㣬ͬһ˳ųֱ۲ͬʱҲһ٣ͬһֻצ˲佫زƣսֻһ˲͸оԼյ͸
Ŭķһ˿˷ܣ˿˷ܸոոֳͱ˿־塣
顭
Ŭķһ˳
ڳ򹫽ڱըŬķ˲ˣųʧȥ
ֻôŹ˫ץסŬķͷһš㽫Ĳšϡ
Ŭķŵ˵ϣһƨ˵ϴ˴ǱͨںϣĿǰʵֻܹʩչΡһ֮һŶսӣôʱĳҲһЩš
ҪָһЩ˵þɱŬķܼ򵥡룬пԿ϶ͷ뱩¶Լĵơ
ǹ˳ֵĵطȻӱȡˮ͸ٵس
ǹɼңӡȺͻսԱڼϿڳǶ˵ĻͣԻӡսӽЧغͷ¡һսԱĿɽſڣԭ洫Ŭķǿǣսƺúܿ죬˴Э顣ֻһ˲ְⲻǵ궯侲
һ֮󣬳ָһЩŬķı˹һ£ԼֻĿűըС
꽫ըǹƶţѰŽǶȡͣ͸Ź۲״
ȫ״ҲͨǵŵĸǶʮսԱƷľǹڣٵع
ա
ʮ䣬ʮǹ˳
ۡ
ʮսԱüʮѪԵڵϡ
̫ͻȻˣսԱȫû뵽ᷢڵӰӶûпԼȴ˲䵹ʮսԱ
̫˰ɣ
ģ
ǵ˼άһټ䣬ſڳһˣһֶһ֧ǹǹǹ
죡׼
һ룡룡
սԱ˵ʮʱսԱڷӦ˹ǹų꼤˹֯һƬ
Աһźеǹա
ǹͣͼһӰڳ˳βվſڣǴڳ˳ֱŶ˳ȥٶȼ죬ֻ˲ճȥ׶Զǰշӡ
ա
Ŀǹ;۽ǸڿзӵӰϡ
ಡಡ
űը˳ȥ
䡭䡭
޺սԱһӰڳ˳ͬʱһһ֧ǹǹ
ŵսԱ£γֵӰĳ꣬һγֵӰֻǱӳȥŬķʬ塣
꽫Լ΢뼶ʩչ˼£һʽ̫ȭϲǣ˫ڵߴΣαͬһųŵڵһǰȥ
ֵǹȥѸٵضһűըǰ˳ȥӳȥǵսӡͬʱѸֶһűը˳ȥȻſ˵ϡ
䡭
޺ΧỤ̃ܵſŵȻԾϿȵķ˳ȥ
ա
ǹбڳϣͬʱʮűըų˹ȥ
˲ŵͬҪһ㡣
顭
˫źݺݵ˵ϣΪ֮ѣȻһ٣Ϳ֮Ħһڵĺ
˲佫ը˦˺棬кںϵǹѾ˲ˡ
ಡ
˫˻սԱм䣬һţ
ʮűըҵսԱ˳ȥͬʱ׷׺󳷡
䡭
ʮը涼ըʮӣɱŵڵ˵ߡͽᣬս˻Ͽȣ˹رմŵİť
ڻĹرգתȵأעرը
䣬ͼùʮűըսԱ̳ſеıը
䡭
ըϵǹأڿбըʱЩսԱҲ֪ܹôų׹ϣŴų˹
˫ǹͨڹرյĴмţʱսԱܹͣҲܹˣ˫ʱ䡣
֮⣬һսԱ£ͬһսԱڵ¡
۵
ڹˣ̱һսԱʬʬ壬
ҷ׷ױսԱʬ壬ʱ·Ϸɱȥ
һֱϿȵһˣʮ߸Աſʼ
ÿ˵ɫʮѹʮˣ֮ǰ˵ʮ߸ˣѾﵽ˶ʮˡ
սǵʬ壬ߣ
Ȼ˵ĬĬرսǵʬ壬˵ķ˵ģû˵սʱ׼ֵս
۲һ棬򿪴ţ˴Ͽ˳ǲȥɱֻҪܹȫȥ


241 ½
һεǰڣͣ̽Űȫ·ߣȻ˴У֮ǰʱսʬڳϣһ·ǰС
Ĵ·żįĽŲʮսԱ߳Ͽȣǵǰվżʮˡ
վǰһξξξһЩԱȼ̹վڽ󣬳ų˴Ĵָ
ʮսԱûнûԺегʹûнսѵʬ£ǼǡͷսѺϵսʬ壬ֽ̧ϵѪ˲˵ֵܣǻˣӮˣ
ѾߵǰĽľ˳Ļԭ¶Ц˻ȥ
ž
ųؾһ
ž
˶ؾһ
ž
ػһ񣺡潫µȱս񣬶ɹ
лл
ĿɨսӺϵĶʮľʬ壬ϵļڳ鶯죬˵ȥúϢиҪڵǣ
ʮսԱͷųǿս⡣
˴Ⱦ
ʮȥսѱˣߵǵļ˽ܵҵչˡ
ʮԱҲˣҪõƣٶȿصսӡ
󣬽˴ȵľ
û˵ʮսԱ뿪ũܣǽмѵһֱ˴ȵľ
ûлصӪأֱӱͽһյľ½ǽȹŵİꡣ
ǻûü·ͱֱ͵˾½
Żش򿪣ʮսԱվڴſڣŴ¶ǵǰĳ
صɱڰսͷųɱ۶ɣƮڿС
ͨݼ飬ԵĶԱһ߰סһξ˳ʯ·һȥ
꣬һűסĵطһסˡסŷ
ǣ٣
λеսԱסѵ
еģɫһ㶡
˴ȵľξµȱеȱϵȱξУ
ѵ˴ȵľǻϱӣԾʵ
ξҡҡͷ˵ǣ˴ȾǷֿģҲ˵ı䡣꣬ȲҪЩҪúã˵סһĸ˵ʵǿҪǺúѧϰкôȡʱٰʵһ̨ס
٣Ҿסһĸ˶ʲôʵ
诣еȱ˳۷塣
ԣϵȱ˳۷塣
֣磬ξ۷塣
޴£У۷塣
۷壿գգ۾¶һ˿𾪡
ξЦǺ飬ǺסһߵĶǸײ۷壬ҲǸײ۷塣˴ȣȻҪóײǿʵ
Ȼ˵ͷ
꣬ʾѾǵһ˰ɣ
ǣ
ʵµȱеһ
ǣ
ԣ㰲žסһĸҲǸĵһҪúðա
꾫һѹĳ֣սҲɶֹ
˶һűξƿţų˽ȥ
һԺ䣬ںܾűƿڶ¥̨Ѹٵسĸˣ·ĳξ˹ȥ
ĸˣһŮ
ξͳ꣬ĸһȵ˵ǰ´ų꣬ʱҲǰĸˡ
Ʒľ׵ؾͷֳĸˡ޴ĲߣֻһģǸһɽĸоվͷ·ʹΪһ壬ʮֵغء
˵Ĺ֪ΣǷһԵر̬
ǳ޴µĵһӡĿ֣˹ȥһ޴ȫ෴ˣʮָߴ󣬾Գһ׾㣬ͬһĵһоǹǿ
ԣȴһΪСˣͷһڳԺ˲両һʣ
һһʮŮӡ
Ҳ䣡
µȱսӵһ޴ʵ
ž꾴һ񣺡սµȱλٱ
ĸһһ޴µ¶һ˿ЦݵƺǣȻסһǾֵܡҽ޴£Խ޴硣֣磬Դ磬说㡣
޸磬֣磬磬㣡
òشкξ˵ͷˣˣҾˡ
ξ뿪֮޴ĸ˴ų߽˱˿֮޴˵꣬
£޴¡޴Ц˵ҽʮˣ֣ʮ꣬Զʮ꣬诶ʮ꣬ʾӦǶʮһɣ
ţӦ޴µܵͳһ˵ʮֵԡ
޴͸¶һ˿͵ʮһ꣬ڵһ㣬һҲٮٮߡ
ûֻ֮״޴ºı֣˵꣬һصķ䣬½½½Ȼ롣Ҫõϡסص̿ϵڵĸ
ţ޴˵֣أصͷ
ˣȥ׼һ°ɡÿ˶ҪҪ˷һ˿һʱ䡣
Լķ䣬ĿĹˣһŴһӣһӡڷһʼǱԡ
ϣϵıʼǱԴ򿪣½ٵ½½Լ룬½
һҳһҳܿŪ޴ΪʲôȿЩϡ


242 
ھ½ҳϾһǴĳɼϼƳġһնɱնɱһһһ֣һ֣һķ֣һĽ˷֣һʮ֣һʮ֣һ߽ʮķ֣һ˽һٶʮ˷֣һŽʮ֡
ϼһ£оԼĿǰˮƽȱþԼҲܹɱĽǱͨҲܹɱͲҪˣûлᡣ
һҪȥһĵط״ЩӣõĻȴǺܸߣóܸȤ
鿴һܹһٸˡҲζֻдǰʸϰ
ϰĺôǿԽ½ṩĸʩѵȨʹãֻܹþ½ڵĻʩѵ
Ұڵ߻ŸҩĽһھʮһ߿ԻƷһҩѡһƿҩھʮڰʮһ߿ԻƷҩѡһƿҩԴƣڵڶʮʮһ߿ԻƷżҩѡһƿʮԻƷһҩѡһƿԴƣڶ߿ԻƷżҩѡһƿһ߿ԻƷһҩѡһƿ
Ҫ֪ĿǰʹõĶƷҩʲôƤҩҩҩƷҩɼƷҩƷҩϡ١ԣÿһ߽ǰÿһȼҲֻѡһƿĻᡣ
ȻĽѡֹȡ
ڹ굹û̫뷨ĿǰʵҲʺѧϰ̫ĹҴ󲿷ֹҲȼܹѧϰģҪͻܹ֮ѧ
ۺЩҩҲֻܹƳҩⶼƷҩܹõƷҩԿ̳ʱ䡣
ƷҩͲˣҪȡһڳ˵ѶȣǸܡ
УߣһУ۷塣Լֻһڵһ㣬һµȱĵȼȷʵ̫
ҪЩһһΣȷ˵޴һֱռһÿһ¶һλýĻᣬʱܹλᡣ
Ҫ󲻸ߣֻҪڰʱܹһλͺá
ʱϵǿյģʱǴӺ쿪ʼҳ˵ĺ½ֻһʱ񵥣Ϊڰ꣬רΪμѵ׼ġ콫һᣬµȱУ߽ȫμӣȻں콫Ὺʼ񵥡
ףеʿµȱеȱϵȱŴǿ뷨
Ϊ̫ʵˡ
ʱߣУоʮˣξаʮˡϵȱаʮˣеȱʮˣµȱʮˡ
һ˵֪УϵǰʮһǾʮĸУߣʣµ˽ڰʮŸξв
ǳܲģҪһ£ǳΪһҲУҲܹһƿƷҩ
ҪԼʵˣ
ܹԼʵأ
һ£Ͱ࣬ԼڰʱӦܹ۷壬ͻƵڡ
ǡԶԶ
ôԼøأ
һƿҩ
ԼҲǲܹͣƿҩӦѾﵽԼļޣܹˡһƿҩҲܹ̫ʱ䣬ƶڰ֮Լʵ۷塣
Ͳܹ֤Լ뵽ǰǿ
ǰǿһҲξߣҲξξξ۷塣
üͷ˼Ȼһ
Ǳ
Ǳǽһ㣬þֲﵽ۷塣Ǳط۵һ㣬ȻһлͰʽʱ򣬰һһ촸ͣضԼĹͷǲǻԼʵø죿
̴վһŻͰʽһǱطͼȥԼĹͷ
ֻһ˲䣬ͷˡ
ûãҳ۵һֻܹһĹͷܹȵشͷһʧܵĳԡ
ͨ
ͨİ漴üͷͨԼֻܹʩչһΰ


ܹڵγ鲼ȫȻȵزлͰʽ
ҪνȵزȫȻȵǿ
֣ɽȣɽȺͽֶǽֻβǰѼǽ
꾲վӵ룬ȫͷ˳Ȼʼʮ֮󣬾ȵ˳Ƥ֮£ܶȵİ档
꿪ʼ÷ɽȵĿھзĲȲ⣬ҲǸ첲ϵļ⣬ȫļ⡣
ɹͽΪһˣǸʱǷ͹ﵽһ˿ֲĵز
ŵĺӳ͸˳ܿͻ۳һСϪ·ʪ͸ˣͬˮϴһ㡣
ʧܣԣ
ʧܣٳԣ
ʧܣֳԣ
һһ顭
СʱʱѾ뵽硣ڳɹؽȫļⶼýԼȫϡ
ʱĻͻᷢCһȦȫȴͷŽĹâ
ڡʼɣ
һ˿˿Ƥ͸˳Ź
Ʒľѹһ˿˿Ź
һСʱһ˿˿֯һγһĤȫĹ
ɹˣڡɣ


243 ͻ
꿪ʼþڽڹϵǲĤһǾȶǿףܳƷľ
ϵ飬ҵʹͷ·ڱͬѹ·ѹһ㣬֮ǲͬѹ·ΪĲȡأᡭ
ʹó꼸ʣĺҺͣ͸ˮĸо
һɹģ
һһرþȣڵһһرų
ˡ
ͻȻһ·˭ҡ
ɹˣ־ȵ
ֻ˲䣬ʾͱ˳Ϸ·ճһںɫģĤ
ˡ
оһڹȻûлΰʽ״ͻƵڵڶ㡣ﵽһٹ
ǡ⻹ûꡭ
һֱֹͻȻʼͰʽ
һʽ
ڶʽ
ʽ
꿪ʼеʽͬʱڵͣ
⣡
꼫ŻͰʽ
ڣ
ľĤز
ĽϽĹͣڴڲͣ
̫ɽƻ´ء
ˡ
ʹ˻ΰʽͻƵڵ㣬ﵽһһǧ

ͣ³һ֪²ټͻˡ۾ȴԽԽϴ裬꽫ŴغãϡȻһɣͷϣ֮ͽ硣
뵽֮󣬳̿ʼڵĴְ˭Ȼ󵹽ȥƿҩ
ϵ·ҩҺ֮УһŻΰʽһ߿ʼγ
һһ顭
ΰʽڵټƿҩҺʹۣļⶼھҵزͷ·𱻷һ㣬ʲϵرųڵĹøӵʵǿͣ
ͷųĹ⻪
ڵĲ㣬һһǧİٹ
ƣشӴְ˳ϴһ裬˴Ϻ˯˹ȥ
̫ƣˣһһֱ˯˵ڶ罫ʮһ㡣
޴£֣磬ԺɳϣΪٹһСʱʱĿʼĸ˶½½˿ϡ
ʱֹȥʮӣ¥ŷûһ˿
޸磬ڸʲôԴ֮Ҳûгûгԡỹ˯ɣ
һȻ˵Ŀг˲ãһ˿м
Ҳ̫˰ɣ΢Ц˵ϾһģôпĶսӦۻ˰ɣ
ǰ֣Ҳ΢Цŵͷһ˯һҲûʲôǺǡ
޴΢΢üͷҲܹ˯ʱ򰡣ٲͳٵˣܲõһͳٵɣˣȥ
޴¿ЦŴվ¥ȥҲһ˿áķ֮ǰǿЦҡҡͷš
ڣ
Ʒĳһ̾ʹ˯˹һͦӴ˵ϡ
꣡޴µ
Ŷ
Ӧһһʹܵǰֽ
޸磡
Ŷ޴ɫһ㶣Ǹ꣬аСʱҪʼˡ
ŶŶֳεԲ޸磬˯ͷˣ
ŶꡭǸﻹס诣㿴ǲԺòҪ˯ˣ

ͷһŷԼ̫ˣϴɵ˯ˣʱؿŷź޴˵
飡
꽫Źϣһͨ죬ܵ¹ĸǰ¹򿪣Ȼ׼õ·
޴ºЦҡҡͷص¥¡
˯Цʵ
ţ޴¿һ诣û˵ʲô
Ķܿ죬ӵʱ䣬Ѿ·ϴϣ˳¥ſ
޸磬֣磬磬㣬Բ˯ͷˣ
ĸ˶ڵԼһĲ˼Ҳ֪޴ûнԼղų˵ȥɫͨ졣
ߣ
ʵǿ߳ˣҪ֪ץһʱ糿ˡɳվȥ
޴գһ۾ղ¥ϱĳ循һ£ûϸ۲졣ų¥оʱͬˣƺ˱仯
ѵͻˣ޴΢΢ҡҡͷôܣһոͻƵһߣôô̵ʱٴλͻƣ
ֲкʵʵ뷨˦Ժ޴Ҳɳվ߰ɣٵ˾Ͳˣ
ǣ޸磡
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼɫ˭Լһ˯ͷˣ诵Լһһͷֻ֪˯
ǰ棬޴£֣磬Ժͳĸں棬诲ҵӡ
꣬˵ǸҩˣԺʵ
ţͷ
Գų˴Ĵָ
ЦЦûʱ˵ʲôʡ֣Ҳ˺ʵ꣬˵ξܾҩоǲģ
ţ
ʵʵصͷȴǷǳΣԼܾҩоѾڻˡ겢Ҫ׸һֿӡ
ΪʲôҪܾ޴ҲˣҩһõһЩ׵õҩżõһƿƷһҩҲǲܡҪͨʿźܶôоҲܹӴܶͨʿӴؼֺαﴳ񣿡
ǰҲʮֺ棬˽Ų˶š


244 ս
ΪҩоͲܹǰˣʵʵ˵Լﻰ
ΪԺǲꡣ
޴º֣絹˲˳仰˼ĿⲻЩӡ뵱ʱҲйҪΪ񻪹ǿߵ뷨ҪΪǿߣֻǰ߲ͣؾпߵǸ۷塣
ȻоԼǸ۷ԽԽңԶȴڼšʵڲͣ
ҲʳǾ仰֮󲻾þ˳뷨ҶǸײľӢôûгΪǿߵ룿һʱ֮ҶĬǰеŭҲ΢ȥֻǶڳ˯ͷ黹ǹڻͷҲصߵǰ˯ˣôĶ֪
ֻпЦѵҪԼΪͻƣʵ̫ƣ˯ͷ
ǲ˵ɡ
꣡
Ѱȥż߹Ҳȥμġ
䣡
˵شкߵһУ໥ܺһȥ·ԽԽ࣬뵽֮໥ʶְѸոսύһܡ
һٽ˵ǳԣ˵ɾ䣬һӵĽ㽫˵Ȼʽ뵽֮С
꣡
ҺͳԶžƱվһ棬ѹʵ㿴ѶϢˣ
ţͷ
뷨𣿡
귭һ۵뷨϶УǵʵͲ˵˰ɣ
ǰҵɫ̱þɥ
ǳꣿһеȱžƱЦеسų˹
ǣͷòʵ
µȱһ
ûֻѯʵĿԷ
ҽн𿭣дһΣ
д裿ɫһ㶣֪ЩеȱսԱɶڵڰ˲۷壬ôԼһµȱд裿
УָЦе˵ֻҪܹҵ¼оӮΣ
ӽĻ˲ͬ²дô򵥡ʵӮֳ֮أ
ǶһٻΣЦеġ
һٻ֣ҡͷûл֡
֪ûУҲûСûܾ̾ϵЦݸʢǲͿԿʼ׬ȡֻҪڰɱչһٻָҾˡ
̾˽𿭵˼ҲŴ񡣵еȱʵûϣµȱϡڳлܳ꣬µȱܻУУУһлܶԷźܶµȱɱ˵ַܹ
һвµȱԸͽ𿭶ĵģֻҪ̵һУµȱҲŽҲţһԵġҲûдĻᣬһٷֵֻõһκڸֹеĻᣬǻΪܻġ
ҡÿ˶н
ϵȱǶսҲܾ̾еȱֻǱµȱ߳һȼֻһеĻЩսԱҲеٮٮߣҲԼֵܹһС
ǰ֮ԸԼУǿԼǻֵһЩֳڵǿԼһͻۿµȱģʱٵУлӮµȱĻ֡
ЦˣΪΪѣ⵹һð취ֻ֪Ƿ
𿭣ڸʲô˹޴¼ҲžƱ˹
ǺǣӳûʲôֻҪͳдһ£ֻǶһٻСС˼һ¡
ʱԽԽ˹𿭵ĻǶú˲Ҳ˽𿭵˼𿭵ļͬʱȴҲЩΪ
Ҫû֣ƾԼʵȴɱȥµȱʲô£
޸磬𣿡ʵ
޴ε˵꣬£ҲдķΧ֮ڡֻһµȱһеȱԾܾû˻Ц㡣
꣡һԵ诳˵𿭵ʵȻսӶڿģǱϾ˲۷壬㻹Ǿܾɣʵͣⲻˣ
ͺãҲ¶Цݵ𿭣ҿԽľ֣
ţ𿭵ɫһ㶣ԭΪ꾭ôһ˵㲻ͬԼĶľ֣û뵽ͬ⡣һϲüҵģ
ҡҡͷע̫٣ûȤǶһǧְɣʱһϽ㹻࣬ע
ǽȫסˣ޴º诵Ҳסˡ
ꡭ
һǧ֣
Ҳסˡ겻ڵһߣҲܹɱ۷Ҳ˵Ҫɱʮֻܹõһǧ֡
ʱɱʮֻ۷ڵһ߲ȴòһϢȫһƴļƲܹȴҪ
𿭵۾´ųꡣ
ꡭ޴Щػûһ˿ʤֻǵֵС
Уָû޴£ĿƵŶĽ𿭡
ʱڳͽ𿭵ΧΧ˺ܶߣĿ˽𿭡ʱ𿭲ҪսҲ²̨ˡ
οĶսʱˣԺҲûսӴˡ
ãһǧ֣ʱ죬ֵСסӮס䡣


245 
ãˬ죡ʲôʱ򣿡¶ŵЦݡ
ڣϵЦݸӵš
ã
ͷתߣŴȥ
̫꣬Դˣ诺ضԳ˵ʱǺܿ߳ˣһ½ͷƵ˯ͷԴҪսڰ˲۷壬ѵ֪Լֻһ
국һЦû
꣬ȷʵЩçײˣ޴ȻûôֱӣҲóꡣ
ǰҲ˵Ȼ˵ǸֻսʵĶԱҲڰ˲۷壬ҪֵסУǳѣ
Ƿǳѣ֣ų˵Ǹܣڰ˲۷壬㻹пܡڰ˲㣬̫ˣ
ˣ޴µ˵˳ԴοҲûл
޸磬̫˰ɣһν˵ûп򣬾϶ˣ
ѵ㻹ܹӮ诲мƲƲ졣
ǰĽ𿭣ʱΧҲΧһеȱ
𿭣üıôû뵽Ǵ
ٺ١𿭸Ц˵ҴǳС̫
𿭣ɲҪⰡʱˣеȱ
ô᣿𿭲мƲƲ졣
ܿ죬ҾͶ߳˴ţ˲ٳϡڲٳһ̨Ǿṩսдĵط
飡
ҽڵһ壬αѾճȵ̨֮ϡ
飡
Ҳʾҽڵһߣΰεضȵ̨֮ϡ
ʱе߶̨ܣĿ̨ˡ
꣬׼ˣһıóѵĿųꡣ
ɣһģ̨Χ߿úЦ
ңóܹӮ𣿡ʵ
Ϊ϶˵һӮɹûаյ𣿡
⵹ҲǣͻȻüЦ뿴֮Щеȱ㵵ٺ١
˵ˣʼˣͯսд˽š
顭
ų˹ڳҲ˽⣬µȱһˣԤʼͻƵڵһ㡣
ǵһ㣿
ǧİٹԼȴһٹǣɴػܳ꣬ҪڵǿؽܣŻµȱоԼ¼УСԼܹƭһЩ֡
ˣڵл֮ܳһҪװһµģȻװЩ̨֮Щµȱս
µȱϴӦĵĻãʵڲУԼСص˵һеʱѾвµȱϵˡ
顭
ҲŶԷ˹ȥѸٵͷ˳ȥͷžΪƿؽ𿭵һжΪ˸ӦԷʹ
ԣԽľУ̾ʹ̲ȭͷڵӦǧ
Էǽӹһ˿ͨǵһǧİٹʹǧǡܹϿƳֲ꣬һнܣֻռƣֱвŻѳܡ
ҲѸٵؽǧŶԷײȥ
ɵ̲ס꾹ȻҪͽӲӦѡûѧ似ֻҪоͿˣ
Ϊһһ߻һ˲۷ߵѹ¶У֣ҡͷ˵
顭
ֻȭͷݺݵضײһ𣬶ײľϵ·졣
𿭶סΣԤϵһûк˰벽
ǡҲûˡ
⡭ôܣ
ˣе˲ȻһǽװҪȵлܳꡣ
Ǿ󲿷ֹۿ뷨ǽ𿭴ʱɲôġȫû뵽һһµȱǧ
µȱһʵҾټһǧ㵲ס
˲佫ǧų˹ȥȭһ˲䣬ظоɱǧʹ΢΢뼶˫һ˶ԷȭͷһŶԷϥ˹ȥ
𿭸ûжϥųĽӭ˹ȥӹһ˿΢Ц̫ļʣƺͷ˲侫׼ҵ˽𿭵㡣һ߱˵㣬ż⳯Ĵ˹ȥ
𿭵֧һ˳Ľżһ㣬α˹ȥתԶλá
ڶйȥ
̨ºȻһƬк󲿷ֽкµȱһСеȱϵȱЩξУҲĿʡ
һڽ𿭿ûûʲôϡ棬ǵڶȴϴƣȫƾžտ似ͽ𿭴һƽɫ˳Ծˡ
𿭵ɫʼЩ΢΢ԾҲֻ΢΢ԾԼżšΪղֻԼû뵽似˾տʱԼѾʼעˣ´;ûжȥĿܡ
顭
𿭵Ȼһͬһĺɨ˹ȥ
һȼ˳жĽǶȣֻܹˡ
Ȼˣ
ǣֻ˰벽žһδӽ𿭵ӹͬʱһа˽𿭵ߡ
ĿһԲܹó÷˵߹Сһ״ӭ˳Ұ˲ǧٹ
䣬ջҰǰһ漴ȡ
̫ȭת
˲ĽѾ˽𿭵Ժ󣬽𿭶ܹоԺľ磬Ȼǰһܣҽ
ϻβͽţ
顭
˽ײһֻǧǽҲûϵѲ׼㣬ִٳУҲֻǧ


246 սϵȱ
α߷˳ȥзһͷȵ̨֮ϡ
̧Ŀ
һӰѾͬһֻͻһһӰ˹
ͻɽ
ŭˣѾˣȻû˵ֺûóһ˿оһ˿Σͻɽʽһ˫绢צ棬ų彻Ѿǧ

Ǿ乭仢
ϲڱۣתȭȭ
̫ȭ乭仢
£ȭǣ
Ҳ˲˰ǧĸٵȭͷ˿ͿĦ˼Х
顭
Űľ֮䱬ѣ˵βɾ㶼ź浹̨Եһס
ʱ𿭵ɫüΪأû뵽ûлܳ꣬Ȼŵشﵽ˰ǧ
ֻʣһˣ
ܹκ⣬ҳ̨ԵҲֻвһס
𿭲ٱԼʵһٵ˲۵˫ȭһʽ˫ˮųҵغ˹ȥ첲ͬ˫ȭͷХ걼
ǰǧһʽ˫ͬ޷ͷ˹ȥ
Ȼеֻаǧһʽ˫ȴ⣬ʵʵѾһһǧ
顭
һűըը죬˫ϵ˲䱻ľʵ÷飬ͬһֻֻܷ衭
굹˰벽ȴǵһһ͵ͨ죬Ҳ֪ŭģߵģ
ٳһƬž
е˶͵̨֮ϵˣֱⲻġ
̫꣬ˣ
һڵһ߾Ȼסһڰ˲۷УһһöԷ˵İ벽

죬һǧ֣국˵
ϵļ˲Ťסس鴤ǵȵڣ̨´˷ŭ𿭣ôȥ
𿭣㾹Ȼµȱеȱøˣ
𿭣֣͵űǲɣ
𿭣ţҪ㣡

еȱӪ죬̨֮ϵĽɫò԰סһ̨ûеȵѣͱеȱΧм䣬һƬĭӶ
ˡ
̨ϴ˳еȱӪҲͷ˳ꡣ
ˣһǧ֣
ģҲҧгݵ
𿭴Ӧ˵ͷĿеȱУһǧ֣жս𣿡

ž
Եļž
˭Ҳû뵽꾹Ȼս
̶ޱߵķŭ
̫ˣ
еȱʲôˣ

顭
һӰ̨֮ϡ
ԳڵĲʵǻҲﵽһһǧİٹѾͨߵ˳۷塣ֻǼеĻֲҪӮԷ˵ʵҪʹͨǱ΢Ҫ
ЩеȱܷҲûйϵԳľҪӮԷֻҪСһӮ˶ս
ӭʮʱ̨֮ѾǼžһƬѾûսˡʱҲˣ̨ϵĳǰϻʵԲֹڵһ㡣п˵Ϊ鲻˼ҳֳģԼЩеȱеĽֳġ
ʱееȱжһɻֻɻȴϣǲӮ˳ꡣ
еȱھ½ǳˣˣ
ĽǶˣ
еȱ෴µȱֱǳһֵĺԭѾΪµȱսӵľ䣬ʱǳΪЩµȱеżǼͨ죬Ծţȭͷų֡
ѾʯıȫԤϡ
ͷֻ֪˯
˯ܹ˯ʵ
꣡ѵŵʵ
̲סһֿڡʱܸӣһǳ𺳣һѿ
ϾеȱսӵĶӳѾɨʮĶԱĶԱϳֱһ衣
ȻÿֻǼУȻΪǲʽһκһеȱĶ֣ǹȻˣѵȥҪͳ˵򲻹ƽҪıԣ
ˣ
ʱ诵кΪѣʮֵѿΪʱееȱսԱĿĿ˼Զ
ϴǲˣϰеȱָˣ
˼Ŀ诵ϣѹһشʱԳѾûһмһӡҲΪԼԲ֮ڻܳ꣬Ҳʮлԡ
ôռڴĿ⣬ܹ
ϣһܹ֮ڻܳ꣬еȱһ߲׵ضˡ
ϣˣǶˣ
ʱվ̨֮Ҳ课ɫȻԸ诽֣ϾѣԺ󲻺ü档
ʱ诼ᶨĿ˹֪Ҫ̨ˡѸ˾ĿеȱǸŲϵȱ
Ҫٲɫһ㶣Ķ̫ˣĿ⾶ֱϵȱ
ʲô˼
ѵҪսϵȱ
Ҫ֪ϵȱɲͨϵȱڰ˳۷塣ÿ˵Ļﵽʮ
ж
Ű
ЩϵȱĿ˹һ㶣̶ǿЦá
ı˰ɣ
λϵȱǰʱ껹Ƿˣ֪ûȤͳдһ£СܶסһУһǧ֡
СӲɵϵȱ˼ʵƴĻδؾͲܹסϵȱһа


247 ǧ
ҶɵûȥҲҪͶԷսֻΪ˲诶սҸڡ
ѾӮʮӮ֡ѾˣҪٳͷˡ
ԣûϵǫ֣̇̄Եȥ׼̨ζս
꣬ǧְɣͻȻһ̨´
˳ȥһϵȱ˹вһЦҪˡ㳯Ǹϵȱ˵ͷ
սһǧ֣УǸϵȱų˵
ҡͷⲻǷϻԼԭͲٶսˣԲһУһֻһǧ֡
ãһԼл֣УôܴӦ
ǣǸϵȱԿ˳ǧ֡˵ˣЩξУҲˣæǧְֻǰڸ߳ȼ̫ߣ˼սҲ֪ԼսҲӦһߺξУ߶սһҲŰ
꣬ɣǧ֣УеͶģûˣ
۾΢΢û뵽Էݡǧ֣СڳҲž޴
УȻû⡣
ʹಫ֪˶УȻ򲻹ǴҲδؾܹӮ
ã˻̨ģȴŶԷ
ݡӦ˰ϵȱ۷׷ףΪܹеȱ֧Уܹϵȱ֧𣿡
۱һ㣬֪һµȱϵȱ֮Ĳࡣ
۱ûпʼǧְְ
ٺ١
۱һЦ顱شڵһ壬α̨˳Ķ档
꣬׼ˣ
ɣڳһ̫ȭƱյķʽ
顭
̨۱Ľ²һ£۱ͬһٵ̹ųײ˹
۱ŷʨӲҲҪȫһо͸ɾؽܣеȱϵԲܹԼϷ
ԣ˲佫ʮƿյХ˲ͳ嵽˳ǰһֱȭƽƽغ˳ǰء
ĽŲһ΢չһ˹ȥǣ۱ĽŲͬһ˳ǰƽƽһȭֹ˳ǰء
۱ٽءٽء
۾΢΢һУû뵽ԷҲﵽ΢ʹ΢뼶ȻܹѶԷһС
ǣʱĳҲս⣬΢뼶ǲǱûһһǧİٹ
뵱ֻǧͻԼõ̫壬뷴ơ۱˳۷õ
ľȫ׼ؿԼظоŶԷ۱ȭ·й켣չڳľ֮Уǿ㶼꾫׼׽
ʹõ΢鶯ȭŹЮһһǧİٹͣع۱㡣
·صӪ֮ʱũ̹ܽٶսΣ̨ϲͣǱ˴˵ȴûһνӴ
̫ڳļʣԽԽ˳֡۱ȴԽԽʱ͵ũ̹ܽһģһոշͱѰ㣬ֱ㣬òջʽй
ǣľôܹȵũܵĽ̹٣
ۻҵسһӣ۱ڶĹǳŤغͳײһΣȫȴһ붼ûʹ
νֿһڽ
۱ɫأҲСһ˿һʱѾоԼкܴĲ࣬Լһ롣ǶԷ̫ˣȥԼûа취Ӯⳡע
̨֮µҲˣû˻ϵֽû˻뵽һϳ꾹Ȼû˿ƣһռһ˿Ϸ硣
ĿⷺʣʱоԼͳûƣԼҲδܹӮ˳ꡣ
޸磬Сز¶֣˵
š޴µͷԳкӦû⡣
СӣûпʼŪǧ֣˵ڵһ»ܹǿ֣Ľ˵
ʹطˣ۱Ŀ⽥رͬ˳ꡣ
һ˿Σӿ˳ͷȻԤϵ۱˹ȥٶ۱һ̨֮µжһѵҪһ˲
۱̱񾭣ʱڳѾû˿ӡ˾Բû˿վ͸
۱ǣǰ˼֮ͣٴΰڳһƱյơ
ʲô˼
е˶סˣ
굱ȻȥǸղ֮ǰľѾ˶ʮףľ۱ųǰ˼۱ھ֮ʱȻҲͲǰա
ͣȻ۱Ū꾿ڸʲôȴ׼ٵˣǰݵ˰УһƬų˹ȥ
ǧƣ
ӰڳҰ£ڳľ֪УÿһӰг򹫽
˵ֻӰĹʵʵģֻġӰû˿ֻζԷҰԷʴӡʵӰ
ǣ۱ʩչǧȴӰ㶼г򹫽ͲǼ򵥵Ĺˣط
ֻҪ㲻һ䵽˳ϣ֮ͻԴԴϵӰϣ˵۱һʽӰ㶼˳ϣᱻ̨֮ϡ


248 
̨֮µ˶е˶֪۱ʹطѾʹȫΣˣ
˫˸ò۱ǧƷǳһξߵʩչδܹȥΪξߵٶȾԲǱܹϵģǧƽἸû
ǣ۱ξߣڳľлܹӰе©֮ط֮УҪƾ΢ݶѾˡѸٽ΢뼶
ͻȻص̶صɢ˿˵Ӱ
ಡ
ӰӰķ϶д˳ȥԶԶ뿪۱
Ӱһգ۱䵽̨֮ϣ㶵ųꡣ죬ųĴָˡʱҴղǧ֣ʮʱ䡣
ãҲˬصͷ
̨µϵȱûеȱ۱ʱжںԼͳս᲻֮ڻܳꡣ
źǶûаգȻûаգȻҲͲ۱Ƕˡʱһ̨֮𣺡꣡
Ѱȥһǳһ̨֮µ˶һΪǸ˾ȻһУߡ
ѵһУ߻һ֣߳
٣վ̨֮ò˵
ղʩչǲ΢
ǣ
̨֮
꾹Ȼ΢뼶
ֲô΢ǺϵȱҲδػ䰡
û뵽һ͵ô΢ôģ
𾪵ų꣬вͷȻһͷ΢¾΢ҲܹɨԼڵеȱ
ʱЩͳ꽻ֵеȱɫѿʱжˣղźԼֵʱ򣬳ûʹȫڳǷʹȫҲɡ
꣡һξַˣûв´ĻĿǰҵȼ̫Ļдһ£صľж
˵ؾ̨ξߴֲûд
ǺдֹһΣξߵĶ֡޴¿ųܵԼĸǰ˵شųļСӣϹҵۡߣȥúϴ裬Ȼ˵
һűڣϴĳĸڿڡ޴ĿųЦ˵֪꣬Ϊʲôǲͬε߼һ𣿡
֪ʵʵҡͷ
֪ΪʲôÿһڶһУһξһϵȱһеȱһµȱ𣿡
֪ҡͷ
ǾΪôߵĸ졣еȱʱѵµȱϵȱѵеȱξѵϵȱУѵξߡУߣٽѵǡ
ŶŴͣȫû뵽ְŻһĿġ
ֻʵЩ˾ԤϣѾʺϽ̵㡣
诵һ죬ԼһеȱȻ̵һµȱܱŤ
Ǹ޸硭һԵϵȱæ˵Ҳ̵˳꣡
޴ε˵Ҫ֣һ£̵ˣԳԲռʱ䡣
û⣡֣ˬشӦȻ˵꣬˵ʵС񾿾ʲôʵ
ڵĲ㣡
ڵĲ㣿֣Ŀų꣬죬ưư㲻ǸոͻƵڵһ𣿡
ţʵʵصͷ
ǡô
һ쵽ҹȻͻˡ
Ȼ󡭡ͻˡ
ĸǿһؿų꣬ϸشǰǲǻױǱ
걻ĸ˿ЩëС˵ң
Ժݺݵصų㶼ɳûԵ飬ǿ
ŶŶɡɡ
¥ıҵԺ
֣ڵһɳ¥ȥԼıȥˣҲæܽԼķ䣬ǰߵԺ
֣ųȭŹѾˣˮƽ
лָ̹㣡굹Ŷ֣Ϲ
֣ӵڰγ˳Գ˵óʵҲѹ㡣
ǣ
Ŀ˲ͷų֣棬΢ľУȻһԷƣԷһƬһ㣬ǾֹվȴһƮĸо
ʱȷԼľѾﵽƷ϶޷֣硣
ξ߹Ȼͬ
顭
ֱʹó΢뼶ͬһε֣ǰĨ֣ʺ
֣綯ˣһƬƣоԼֽ󱻶ԷĵⶥסǶԷõǡǡãԼһֻ־ͱԷնˡ
ɫһղѾþо˶ԷеĹ켣ǶԷĶ̫ˡǵеĹ켣һƬƣó꾫ܷѾ
ô֣絭ųꡣ

γٶȺȫ˶Էĳ
ԷĳһγѸٵжϳеĹ켣̸ıеĽʽγغϣȴ֣ĳгĵطĽʽⶥ˳ʺϡ
кΣǵȼϵĲ졣þŻ֣硣ֻþ磬ֱܹԷй켣Լٶȴϡ
ֵȼϵľ޴죬ֲܹġؼǶԷĵ˲ĥԳвǳ
ûר޹֣΢΢üͷų˵
ûУ˵ʱ̫̣ʱ֮⣬Ͷȭϣûר
֣ɫһ㶣΢˫üչ˿
ǰ
Ͳܹ꣬ʵڵĲѾһ漣˵΢뼶ﻹʱ
꣬㲻֣ͷܹʵڵĲ㣬΢֤ʺԶڶΡӱǲǣֻ΢ʹñԭʼķ
ǣ
ҿʹõҸղʹķʽõһ㲻õɣ
õһԼ֮ǰʹķȻõһ㡣ͷã
꣬ѧĵƵһһʽ㿴ˡ
֣һʩչƵһ߸꽲šһ߽֣˵Ļμסһͷų֣ȫ֣ǿмס֣Ƶй켣


249 
һʽƵʹ֣꣬署Ҳͣ۾ʶһһؽղ֣ƵеĹ켣ʩչ
ʩչ֮󣬳ѾȷԼѾȫסƵй켣ʣµľǽ֣署Ŀھ͵ʽϣγɵƣǾƵĴɾ硣
۾м֣֣磬ҪҸʲôм㣿
֣ЦҡͷûҪԼֵȼ̵ǣѾǸˡ㻹ǸϽλ׬ȡ֣Ȼһѵɣ
Ŷͷڹһѵû⣬𾪾εľģΪ˴ȡúóɼȻ֣Ǳꡣ
꣡ƺ򵶲ǺܸȤ΢΢üͷ˵ҪСڵĿƼչЩѾһЩԶԶسȻԽı۸Ҳ󡣡

ˣû뵽ֿ֣֮󣬳ͼæ½ʼ鿴رǵͼ۸

־Ʒ
ÿһƷߵʮڳ꿴Ʒ൱ǿ͸ˡһƷļ۸ȴҲʮ־ˡȻҪ֣ڳ˵һ֡
Ŀֻоʮ֣ǰѵļ۸İٶ֡
ˣһʱɣ
ڶ졣
걳һͳˣûʱר׼ɱʵսһʽƵ
ҪֻǼһҲá
е߶ˣҶǳĬûѡӣǶȥɱ
ũܣħ򡣸߽׵кܶࡣũӪֱ֮ȥ
Ľµˣһѹ𲻵ļֵһ̫٣ɱһֻǿԻʮ֡ϵ붼ûȥ롣
ɱˣþĻնɱûѶȡͷͳˣĻɡ
һƬ꾲ƵĹ켣ԺһطţƵİļʡ
ͻȻ궯ˣڿлһ⡭
һʽƵʹ꣬ҡҡͷоԼֻǽƵʹú죬еĹ켣֣еȫͬǣ֪ԼֻΣδ
̾һγ֣ĿѰ
Ϊ˴ﵽĿģ߳½ʱϴŵװǻᱻɨģߴκȱֻܹԣһʵİ񵥡
ܿ죬ͷһֻα˹ȥֻҲŭųԳ˹
΢ͨǱͬʱҲ̫壬ȫƵ
Ȼʮ׵ľ绹ǽ档Ļʵоͻᱻ˺ˡ
Ҳȫ·磬ֻ׵ƵǱǳڼţһֱʹƵһƵİ塣
ಡ
һ̽ͬһ˸ΧĲתһȦ˶ͷ­ͱ
ƾŻʵվĶ֣ʹ˾նɱ
΢ϢӵʱԺһֱ˼Ƶİ塣Ӻ󣬳ֿʼѰҵڶֻ
ǳûжԱ˳ҲȫſˡöԷʵǿס£þԷնɱ
Ⱥʮɽͬвһؽеȫնɱ
ɱ¾˵ξûɱ࣬УҲһչɱ¾ͲһУܹȵ˵ġο껹һƷߣ
ΪҪʱƵǾĿֲֻȾӵһ
˻ƻʱ֣һɱ߶ˣһֱҹĻ٣Ҳûл
Ϊҵʱ򣬳żȻ̧ͷһɽ壬Щϸɽ崦ơ
ƣ
Ƶ
ľҵ
֣ԵĳԺлطţ֣ƯĵԺٴγ֡
ƵİƵİ塭
лȻʣһߵɽȥվɽ۸ƺȫƺķ֮䡭
ҹĻٵʱ򣬳۾һƺĹ沨
ͻȻ
һʽƵ¹֮֮ĳΡ
ˣ졣ÿİᾲվɽ۹עƵı仯֮󣬱
ҹ䣬Ͱʽ;ֻ˭ĸСʱ֮ʣֻվɽ۹ۿƵı仯
źܶհװʳƷǶꡣ
˵졣
δɽ˳ȥһ޼ʵƺһƺͻֻ¶һ֮أαЩԾƺмѡһ⣬Ȼ;
Χƺƺȫû۾ȫſƺϸ΢仯㶼ľ֮С
졣
ƺо졣
ȻһХܷڿһӰƺгżһԾͬһƺӹһݣ˫ͱߣ˷ۡ
ৡ
ڷһʽʽƵƮݵ˳޳ȴ֮塣
ζģһƬƮơ


250 

ս³һֳϲõɫʱţԵۣƵѾ֣硣
һϵֱ¶֮ɫû뵽ԼѾʮ졣
ðʮʧҵƵɣ
ಡ
ɽ³˳ȥΪ嵽ɽһֱﳤԳҲ᳤Գ˻һƵ˳ƶ
ճ껹þԳնɱγֵʱȴǱ֮֮ǰ
嵽ɽµʱһ׺۷Ұˣһʵǿǻۣñʱһֻ޴޹ǡ˳꣬¡¡ų걼˹
һڣ˷Ұӭȥ
־ٶҰһ㶣һС࣬вûηȱֻһȻ
Ȼ䣬Ұ˵۾¶һ˿ɣΪһסĸоĸоƮȴз˹
ৡ
ӹ߲һѪҺ˳
𡭡
Ұŭˣʹۺͷŭľ˶޹ǴϢų˹ȥ
ʱƵİѾóʩչ˼£Ұ˵ѹ£ܹż˵Ұˡ
ǣʵĲ֮󣬳Ƶű֮ơŲһ΢ʩչ˿αӵƮ
ͻһ
Ȼܹ֮ôǷԽ֮⣿
֪УѾ΢ҽ֮⣬θӵ޳ʹƵӵҽǣ޼ѰͬһƬһƬİǸҰΧƣΧƮ
𡭡𡭡𡭡
Ұŭţֻдſ־塭
ʱҰѾһѪˣǵ縡ƣҰ˵ӹҰ˶޹ȴ˿
һغУҰӴ¡һ˵ϡ
ͣ㶵վû뵽ǱԼֻƵ΢ܹɱһ۷

ղԼʹõѾܹ΢뼶ӦھѾ΢뼶΢͸֮塣û뵽ѵǰ弶
¶ЦݣĴ󱳰
ʮˣҪϽװȻȥҡϵЦݸӵ󣺡ƵƮҪܸߣЩ٤ζǣҲźܴĴٽáƵɣҵʵҲͻڵıԵ
γ˳ȥרּȥѰЩȺȫʮɽͷ˳һɱ˻ƻʱ֣γڻصĴſڣһĹĵĴ󱳰
½
һű֮ڵĿУ޴£֣磬Ժɳϣһüͷ
ʮһˣСôûл诵ֳһ˿ꡣ
᲻ˣԵĵʵ
֣ҲĵĿ޴£޴˼˵ȻǺͳദʱ䲻Բһçײ֮ˣӦò⡣˵СǧִףҪڷɱ
ʮʲôչüͷһһ
޴¿һ诣ƽ˵ѵûгԹ⣿
Ŷ诵ɫһ͵ʮһ찡
顭
űˣγſڡ
ɳϵĸڵ
Сӣ㻹֪ԳڳļϺݺݵشһȭǰĸ˹е񣬳һжźסٺ١ɵЦš
֣˹˿걳Ĵüͷ꣬ʮһɱôܹж٣һǧֻ
һǧֻЦ˵׵ġ
ĸһ㶣Ȼʮɱһǧֻ޴º֣Уξ߲ʲôǶϵȱЩˣҶеȱ˵
Сӣ޴´ĳļĲȥսƷϽɣһеȻ˵ˣǼЩСѾĻִ˺ţսƷԲһ¡
ţֳЦݡ
ŷʱڵԵĸǰսƷֺǳһٷſʼ鿴ԼĻ֡
ɱһǧ߸ܹõһǧһһʮ֣ټӮǧ֣ʱĻѾﵽ˰һһʮ֡ʮ
һҲǵһĻǧٶʮ֡¶΢ЦӮõǧֲ˾޴áǵʮһ죬Լܿͻ᲻ϵرԽܿ»
ȭͷһҪµһ챣סһλá
󣬳ɽΰʽ;°ҹŻ˯ߡ
ڶһ硣
Ҫȥȴ֪ͨǰЩԻ˾ԭΪѾͻڣеȱصԼķ䣬¹һľװѾеȱװ
괩еȱľװ󱳰˳ȥڣ޴£֣磬ԺЦе
꣬аЦеߵ˳ǰȭͷǰһµżĹ򣬾ͺͽһˣ
ٺ١꺩Цš
꣬Ҫȥɱ޴ǰ˵
ţͷ
߰ɣһȥ


251 ˲任
˸Ա˴󱳰ȥ߳˻֮˱ֿѡһȥ
ǱҲûþַʹƵͨǱʵսԼֻٽƻʱ򣬲Żþɱһ٣ɱٸ̷ء
һ£ǧִףԼÿֻҪɱٸϾܹ֤Լ½ɱٶ࣬Щ޷͡
̫ɽ֮ǰ귵˻أһϣ뵽½ĵʮϣڳٴεõͻƣʵڵ㣬ﵽһһǧ˰ٹ
뵽һ̶ֹĹɵС
ÿһͻ뿪أʵսвϵԼƵ̫Ǳȹͬʱ̶ÿɱٸ
ϣǰҹֱΰʽ;
ͰʽһƿƷҩĽͻͽôõǸڵŨ֮£ҲﵽͻƵıԵ
һ֮󣬳ҩѾʼҩ
һֱæԺ󣬳Ż뵽˯֮Сȫ֮УŶʵ
ҶֽŶʵ֮УҲʱͻˡ
ȻĿǰΪֹͻƵֻµȱңϸպŶĸͻƵǵһ㡣
ΪԽߣͻԽѡ
ڳ꿴֮ЩУξδܹõͻƣʿӦвܹͻơرǵȼ͵µȱӦõõͻƵࡣ
ÿʮ죬һ»ΪڿΣͬʱǸε߶ǸڿεĽԼеԻ󣬲ǹϵģ似ϵġ
Ҿ½ڵʩȫҸ߼̶ܹϵظ
£ÿһ˶ڲϵ֮СֻпİٶǸˡ
ٽµ׵ļ죬꿪ʼɱЩ඼ŵС÷Щξ̣ԼȥҳʵЩӷɿߣɱһЩҲ˵ùȥ
رǳоԼҪͻˣ׼ͲȥɱˣȫͻƵڵ㡣
꽫ԼڷһչءӣȻŴϣϣȻ˴ϣԼϽ֮ڡ
ʱ䣬ɹͻƵڵ㡣ﵽһǧٹľҲﵽͻƵٽ㡣
ǳûѡȥͻƣΪǵһµһ졣Ҫ֪Լûб
ڳ궼ûȥϴ裬̴˵ԣ½ɫһ䣬ԼȻ˵һܿҹ֮ǰͱ
һ³꽹Ȼźܹܶ࣬Ե޹ʵóҪ뿪سȥӡ
꿴һڵھʮ߱߳һǧ֣ھʮ߱߳ǧһ֡
ٵʰһ£򿪷¥³˳ȥ
꣬ϵλúΣհɳϵ޴ĳ˵
֪ͳȥɱȥ
صӰѾʧڴ֮⡣
СӣǴƴ񰡣°ͣ¶һ˿Ц֪ϣЩξ߻һʲôǺǡ

ȻǧִףҲΪǧ׻֣ҲξߵĶ־
ЩУȻû˿ѹǾóǧִףҲܳǵΡ
ξ߾ѹˣܳǲǧִףֻҪ񣬽ξ߼ȥǶǵһ衣
ǲȥЩյһѳ꼷ȥ顣ǶԾ˵һ衣ҪƾԼʵ꼷ȥó֪ǱξŲԽľ޴蹵
ѾеȱҲǱ
ҪάξߵϣԲһеȱѹ󣬵
ƻʱ֣һƣˡܶ˶վ̨֮ų꣬ų걳Ǹ
ʱж֪Ѿܷص񣬾Ҫδж١
ûȥϽֱ࣬ӻصԼıһ֮Уͼĸڿ
ȥϴ裡
һ仰¥Լķ䣬ϡ
굱ȻΪϴ裬ҪԼϵˡ£˵ԣ񣬳Ȼ
һ»֣Լ͵ھʮǧʮ֣ھʮ߲һǧ֡һ죬е߶
ҡҡͷϷֳһ˿Цݣȭͷڿһӣ϶ˣ
뵽ԡңʹʹһ裬һɾ·˵Եĸǰȥɫһ䡣
ַ˱仯ʱĻֺ͵ھʮ˰ǧٶʮ֣͵ھʮǧ֡
˱ȥһٵȵȣһȡһЩհװʳƷ˺װڵس۾񣬿ı䶯
ֱ㻹Сʱųһıװһǧһٸ࣬һǧٸ֣һǧٸ֣ͿԱ֤ڵھʮ


252 ڶ
ֻܹҪȡһЩ࣬ǾҪȥҶԼǱһģЩ˵
ڿԷ걳ı򿪷ų˳ȥ
꣬ʲôôôòųԽغˣ
Ŷԡ˯ˣ
䣬ͳ˴ţĸʯߡ죬תͷԵ֣Ͱ͵˵ղš˵ʲô˯ˣ
֣ɫŹֵص˵ͷ
ͷʱҲܹ˯ţһɸֵ˵
ˣǳȥĻɣ￴Բ񫰡
޴¿ЦҡҡͷٲŴȥ֣磬ԺҲ˺棬诵ͻȻֳЦݵ֣磬ӣܹӰξеĴ󲿷ֶѹȥ֣ôСòɷһ£
֣Цõصһۣ󲽵Ź㳡ȥ
ЦҲӿ˽Ų
ʱе߶ӱ˳Ÿ߸ڹ㳡ĴĻţ۵Ķǳ꾿ܹܲ
رµȱսӣһĿⶼ¶ΣγǵսӴ
ˣ
Ȼٳһ
Ĵȥˣ
ھʮ
̫ˣ
ڻʷϻûзɣ
µȱսӷ쳹ٳЩξߺܲˬеһξ̲ס겻͵˸ɣǱڵڶ»ϣ
µȱսԱûʱǶһȥǸ򣬳Це
ڡ
ҩҺŻͰʽҩոյõƷһҩͬʱڵܼشĹ

곤³һֳϲ֮ɫ
ȻƷҩͻƵڵ߲ʱ֮һ
гϴһ裬˳˼˼Լļƻ
鵽Ʒҩĺô᲻Ǹ񣬵Ҫ񣬱ҪźʵǲܹƾľõһҲûʲô˲𡣵¶ԼĵƣٴδǾͺܲʵ
ˣҾԼƣѾܹҩˣ쿪ʼҾͿʼҩԼҩ硣ǣҲܹȥɱһʵսлȫõһ㲻ܹҲܹͨɱû֣ԼҲܹһЩȥǱƷ
µõ˻֣ĿѾһһʮ֡ǰƷļ۸񻹲ٶ֡
һԼڵ࣬Ȼǳ껹Ǿ뿪أ򲻳ȥɱȴܹó̫࣬
ڵڶµĵһ뿪˻أ޴£˵Լ׼һʱ䡣޴µûʲôֻ֣ҪСġ
뿪˻أֱɽûȥɱѰһɽȻôʯڶעɽڽ磬ʼ
ֻǵ˵죬ľͻƵƷļƷļ£ӵǿڹĴЧӵԣһ
Ҳȥɱÿ춼ҩҺλΰʽ£ڱչصĵͻƵڵ߲㣬ﵽһǧٹ
ǳûгأڵڰ˲ÿεÿƿҩҺ֮УҰھڶµ׻ʱ򣬳ͻƵڵڰ˲㣬ﵽһǧѾ൱ڵһ
ǱѾܹﵽֲǧѾԽڵߣξС
ξ߾Ϳɱ߽ˣξ߿ɱ߽۷ξ߿ɱ˽
ɱһֻ˽ͻõһٶʮ˸֣ǱҲֻܹɱ߽ɱһֻֻ߽ܹõʮĸ֣Ҫξһ
Ҳ˵Ҫӵд񣬾ͱЩξ߶ɱһⰴ˹۵㼸ǲܡѵһ߿Բ߲ݵɱ
룬ˡɾÿϽһٿ߽׵࣬Ӧһξһɱļޡǲܹܹ໻ȡһЩҲǺõġ
³Ͳ׼Ͻ߽࣬Ϊڳдࡣ
һһٿ߽࣬һ¾ǧ࣬õʮǧ֣һ£óһǧࡣ˾ͻ׬ȡʮ֣ȻһЩʵɱһЩһǽһûлصأһǰҹɱϢҲ˵ùȥ
γ׼ĸڵȡװĸȻϵһһţŻطɱȥ
һ˺ܶΣ˵ǣ඼һɽСҲû˻ɡ
඼Ͻ֮󣬳Ļִﵽ˶ʮ򡣶ĻǴﵽһʮ
˵һļ۸ԶԶֹʮ֣һһҲֹʮֲ֡ûڽ״
ЩҪĶǻбģսЩɱĶѾֹͣԸǵĻ־ͷǳ١
صԼķ䣬ѾҹĻ٣ϴһ裬Ȼ˵ǰ½üͷͲ


253 
ϵЩ˵õĻԶԶس󡣱˵һճļ㣬Ӧʮ֣Ҳʮ֡ǵһȻﵽʮǧ˰ٻ֣
⾿ô¶
һֲԼ¶ߵݣ޷׷ϣһ޴ĺ蹵
ҾҪ¶ԼߵݣȥɱҲˣΪµֻʱ䡣
벻ףǱƿ޴µķȥſڣţ洫˽Ųŷſ򿪣¶޴µӰ
꣬£
޸磬
˵ɣ޴²˽ȻŹϣ£Ϊһˮ˳Ķ棬ѯʵ˳ꡣ
޸磬һ£ΪʲôϵЩߵĻôߣѵξߺУɱٶ˿ֲ𣿡
޴һ㶣̶ȻЦ꣬ڵڶµĵһ뿪˻ֱŻ½ڵ㲻֪
ʲô飿Իʵ
ѵ˴ɱ֮⣬һ𣿡
ȻԼǰϣȻ
ллһȥˣܳ⣬ųʧı޴εҡҡͷͻȻɫһ㶣ѵС»Ҫ񣿡
ܻԼķ䣬̿ʼĹѶϢһĲ֪ǽ½һΪѵ׶Σ߿šڵڶµĵһ쿪ʼʽţڵһһ뿪˻أв֪顣
ҵһ¿ֻǵһԺ½Ҳе߶ܹڶҪڵһĲԳɼزܹڶ
ڶʲôĳ겻֪ҳֻǿ˵һϡ
һԵٶȡ
꿴򣬺ӦĲԣȡ
Ҫ֪һͻһΣȷ˵ͻƵڵһ㣬ÿ˵ص㲻ͬõĽҲͬ
˵ɣڵһƽǧİٹе˻Ըߣе˻Ե͡Ե͵Ҳ泬߳ƽߣٶȡ
¾һ߸涼һĲȣҲǸָﵽĲȣսӵÿһ̶ϼ㣬ΪһۺʵǿĶԱ
壬ȤһشһµһѵĿͿĿ
һĿĿһ׳ܵܵϻߵٶȡԼٶȵĵط
ˣȻȥ״˻ַ겻۾ֲǵĻֻôߡ
һֳʮĸΣÿεĻֶǷġ
ǴƤڵĲο˵ģڳ꿴ǰ͵Ļ֡ͨƤڵٶȲԽõһǧ֣ͨڵٶȲԽõǧ֣ͨڵٶȲԽõǧ֣ԴƣͨξٶȲԽõʮǧ֣ͨУٶȲԽõֲһǧ֡͸˵УĻˡ
뵽УĻ֣ͻȻһ⣬ǾΪʲôûдУμ˴ȣڶ޴£ۿ
üëһһ˿ϲɫ
һرעǾһڲԵĽԼıʵҲ˵ڵڰ˲㣬ٶȴﵽڣڵõԭеĻٳԶԭеĻֿɲָڲԵõлָ֣ϵл֡
ճ㷨һξͨٶȲ֮Ӧõõʮһǧ֣ټʮɱĻ֣ӦôﵽʮһǧҵĳɼǸһֻʮǧ˰ٻ֣ô¶
΢˼һ±ˣЩһ˺ܶʱڵһռɱʱ䡣
ðɣҾȥԣܹõٻ֣ݺݵڿлһȭͷ
ڶ졣
뿪˷䣬¥ȥ޴£֣磬ԺҲԴӷڳ໥кʳȥ
ô꣬ǲҪȥ޴Цʵ
ͷϵ⣬ʵ޸磬Ϊʲô˴ûдУμӣ
УڸҶǷǳģǱ֮ΪԤٽԸҲôУμ˴ȵģϣܹ뵽С˺˸ɴͽƴУ߲μ˴ȡ
Ŷͷ
˵˵ЦЦʳó극֮󣬱һȥ
һɽ֮У뵽ɽ֮У㿴һ۾ɱ𾪵ŵϴ
һһǱһ͵ĳǱ
뵽ڣ㿴һ޴Բοռ䣬Χšھ޴ԲοռһĻһٸ˵֣Ǿ񡣶ΧڷܲЩֳܲһ
һ
꿴һ۱ˣڽܲ趨һٶȣȻͨԼǿѵﵽԱ׼
ʱڲͬѵ޴µ˺ͳһкҲǰʺԼȥѵˡ
ʱܺ棬ĿΧţߵһȽŵǰһͷŵؽɨһ顣Ȼһڴ˳꣬ڵڰ˲㡣δκβεٶȲԣƤڿʼԣڲͨûлòʸ񡣡


254 Խ
ڵ߶һЩΪ˽Ųͨͨشܲˤ
说һ˫ĿضųıһźôܣϸǵĲ㣬ھǵڰ˲ˣͷֻ֪˯ôô
诣ڴʱһֹգÿһ˶Źֵų꣬·ڿһֻ
µȱսԱʮֵظӣϲֿɬ
뵱Ǹոսսӵʱ򣬳껹һȴԶԶ˦ͯսһۣ临ӡ
Ҷѹ˸ӵ飬һֺ鸡ͷǶҪٶȲô
Ҫ֪ﵽһ֮󣬲ζĸָܹﵽεı׼ҲҪ꾿ٶǲǺʵ
ʱĵʾҲ֪ԼƤڵٶȲԿʼΧɨţȻƤڵͨȥ
Ÿǰһͷŵؽɨһ飬ȻǸһ𣺡꣬ڵڰ˲㣬ΪƤڲԣ׼ԣ
򿪣˽ȥĽٴκϡһٴ𣺡ͨͨӺʼԣ

һ˱ܵ׼

һ
ͬһعιͨǸʾͨԣһǧ֣ǰͨԣ
˵ſռ˵ҵٶǶ룿
ͨԣһǧ֣ǰͨԣ
ظһ֮ǰĻҡҡͷŽȥһ°ťӽڳӭߵĿ⡣
ЩҲ˵ʾƤͨûʲô֣˭ȥǲֻ֡Ҫ꾿ܹﵽʲô̶ȣ᲻ûͨԼʵǸΡ
˵Ŀ⣬ţʮһǧˣ
վڵڶǰһͷнɨһ飬Ȼ𣺡꣬ڵڰ˲㣬ѾӵͨƤٶȲϢ׼ٶȲԡ
򿪣˽ȥĽȻرգǸٴ𣺡˵ͨͨӿʼԣ


һ
ַ˳ȥҲͨ˲ԣõǧ֡
ʮǧˣһȭͷ߳˽ţŵڵĴȥ
ܿͨڵٶȲԣõǧִ֣ܻﵽ˶ʮǧ֡
߽ڵĴţߵ֮˵ܲͨڵٶȲԣ
Ӧÿ԰ɣ̨Ͽٶȿɲ
ϾڵĲԣŸոսڲãδܹﵽҪɣ
ҾͨڵĲԣһʱЩͷĽ𿭵˵ոսڣӦǸոͻƵڵڰ˲㣬εĸ»δüϤôͨ
۱óܹͨ𣿡һϵȱԵ۱ʵ
۱ûеȱᶨ΢΢˼һµӦܹͨɣȻܹô̵ʱͻƣСӾͲܹ۹ȥ
˵ҲǣΧļϵȱ׷׵ͷ
ʱͨڣǸٴ𣺡ߵͨͨӺʼԣ


һ
ڴ˳ͨԣðǧ֣ǰͨԣ
ʮǧˣ
߳˽ţվԱߵٶȲԴǰ
£
е߶һ㶣ŵųıӰ
Ҫʲô
ҪڵٶȲͨ
ЩвûȥԽԣе߲ܴе߼ɹȴûһ˳ɹѵոͻƵڵڰ˲ĳ껹ַǷ֮룿
ǡ
ʱ򼸺е߶ܲˬ϶ӵı飬Ѿ¶֮ɫ
ڻ۵У߽ڵĽţǸٴ𣺡ͨͨӺʼԣ


һ
Ѹٵ˫ȹעȥ˲һȦһǧӽŵ籡ѾԽͨڵóͬһڵһؼ˳ȥ
ಡ
ϲǣóٶȽһӿ죬ӹ˰ͨһ𣺡ͨԣһǧֶ֣ܷʮһǧ֣ԽսɹַܷһΪʮǧ֣ǰͨԣ
Ȼͨˡ
߽š
̫˰ɣ

ҪʲôͻȻһ߼ָָųıӰ
еߴʱ͵ų꣬ĲţΪʱĳվڵٶȲſڡ
ҪԽʱһξߵɫʮѿΧ˶ͬĿΪǸĿǰһߣγԽɹôᱻ
бߵ
ģһɹģɹģɹģǸξͬһš
ʱѾվ˽ڣǸͨͨӺʼԣ


һ
ηɱ˳ȥʹԼȫóϲǣĽǵʱ򣬵Ȼѿһ̤գȥϷ˵ʧܣʧܡ
ͨ
ˮ˳£ˮ֮󣬲ŷԼѾ֮һ
ʧˣ
ҡҡͷŰȥ


255 벽
ʱڣǸһٵ߳һϵɫҲɽű˼ǲ
ΧȴǾĵһƬÿ˶ùŹֵĿ
ĲѾڵĲδڵٶͨǿáĸݵ
ԼԽɹˣֹͣǼԽ
ʻԽսʧˣѵ˼Լ
˭ң
ǣھôһ˾Ȼ˼ôܲΧ߸о죿
ǿϧ޴˵ܹٴԽɹξܹһδˡһڵܹδһôߵ
ʱĳѾε˰ߣһűķһ˼ԼûпͨڵٶȲͨ
弶
УֻٶûоԵĹϵ
Ǳ
ĽŲȻͣҽǱۼ˫ţȻͷųȥͻȻ𵽵ķһҵٶȡ
Ҫԣ
̵תѵȥһСͷѵվʼٵ˫Żۡ
顭
˫ŵײǧóͬһһس˳ȥ
顭
˫أ¶΢Ц
ֻƾһǱٵʱ䣬ĴڵٶȲͨҪڵٶȲͨȴûпܡ
Ϊڵٶͨʱ̣һǱʹﲻҪ󣬳ǳܹλǱܹȥ
һĳǱ֮û˿ͣٳǱ֮Ҫôһ˲ͣǾôһ˲ʱʧȥ˴سɹĻᡣ
ǡͻڣﵽͨڣܹԼϢߴﵽƾǱʱٴ̿ɲأ
顭顭
СѵϲʱǱһһϰǱ˫֮ԽԽԽľԽԽԶʱԽԽ̣ɲܹ޼
һֱ磬귵ᣬ뵽Լĳѵ֮С
ڶ죬ڶµһ졣
һû뿪䣬һλΰʽ֮󣬱㿪ʼһҩεƶʧˣʱѾ磬½һ£ϵĻû̫ı仯Ҷѡûгȥɱ
Թ緹ȥ뵽㿴ѵսԱ
Ҳ˽ĳ꣬׷׳ųкҲػӦţһ˴кһڵٶȲͨȥ
ߵķЩͳкսԱһɫѵʧܣ껹ҪڵٶȲԣ
սԱųӰ˱仯Щ˶ɵʧ֮ҲûлҲûг֡һͱڵٶȲͨȥ˵ʲô
ѵаͨڵٶȲԣ
һ߼ɹζʲô
ζŻڶԽսɹߣһԽսڵٶȲԣ񻪹͵ҲԽ
꣬ڵڰ˲㣬ѾӵͨٶȲϢ׼ٶȲԡ
ȻվٶȲԵǰʱȥһ˽ȥĽŹϡ
ͨͨӺʼԣ


һ
һڵʱѾ˵˫ţ׼
⣬ٸ߶ͣѵŴĻŵ
顭
һͬһڵһس˳ȥ֮˫ڵߣ˲˰ס
ڿռ𣺡ͨԣǧ֣ܷʮ֣ԽսɹַܷһΪһ˻֣Ŀǰλеڰʮǰͨԣ
ɼѾУ߼ȥˡ֮룬֮һƬš֮һ
ȻҶ֪ȡȫΪԽٶȲԣľڵʵǱȥУߵɫҲǳѿһﵽͷϣôҲò
Ǹξ޵ĶˣһҪγˮ
˲𣡡ӽ˳޴³˴Ĵ磺һ˷еȱӦý֪
쵽ҩƷҩ
쵽ҩ֮󣬳㽫Լ뵽ڣעˮҩȫں֮󣬳Һ֮С
ڣƷļľ
⣬ͣŻΰʽ
ƷҩҺϵڡ
ĽڿٵظıţԽԽǿ
ԭѾﵽڵڰ˲㣬ֻһ˿Ʒҩһ˰벽ڣﵽһǧʮ

곤³һû̴ҺгǾվ˼
ΰʽҩ
õĻƷļǻͰʽҩҵľܹﵽƷ弶Ǹʱ»ӵЧҵʵøӿ١
ӽ쿪ʼҾͿڵĺΰʽ
Һ˳һʰ׵Ӹľһ࣬Ƶ߹ľš
ʱľϵѾʧ˲٣¶ӵģ
߹ľţʯǰĿ˺ΰʽʯһһеؿȥΰʽεؼס֮뿪硣
¼鿴һԼڵĻ֣Ѿ˽ٶʮ֡˼һ£ֱҩоһѶϢȻֱַҩͻΰʽ˳һUڣŹر˵ԡ


256 
磬뿪˻أսǰ֮ǰѡõǸصɽȻ뵽ɽôʯͷڶϣС
һ쿪ʼֽ뵽С
ÿһСʱΰʽȻȥɱ߽ɱ߽ʱ򣬳ʹƵͨǱʹ÷ɽȺͽ֡
ɽȺͽԾɻúԶγɷɽȺͽֻҪӵʱ䡣Ҳ֮ǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
ÿ磬һκΰʽȻٳȥɱʵսԼ
ǰҹһСʱĺΰʽȻСʱҩŽ뵽˯ߡ
˵ʮ죬ͻƵڵһ㣬ﵽһǧ߰ʮȥһˣЩѾɱһǧ߽װһڴֽڵǧװڴȻϵһһţŻصķɱȥ

ƮһĺܼȥѸٵرһϡ
ȻͣסΣתźķȥ
һ֣ȴܹĺ֮
겻ԥַɱȥ

ִһɫһ䣬ΪʱѾǸ诡
꽫ϵİӵ˵ϣٶʩչ˼£ಡһ֣ĿһʱΧ诣Ա߻һʬ塣说ʱѪһ˲ˡȫ¿Ѿצץüȫ飬ڿ㶼ץ飬ȫ㡣һץۣѪ
ЩҪҪǣʱ诵Ķ̬ʮֹ졣
ԭһһ߶ĸŮӣأΡʮֱ¡ȴ˱仯ǳʱΪҵսעȥҲһۿ诵η˱仯
ı䰫ˣұӷףڳҰܹסڳ鴤־ǿ¾ֳ鴤Ҳˣ˵Ҫֻ
ô¶
ɫһ㶣ʱҲ˲Щˣֻ߽ڷع诣ôһ诿ַһҽУֱһֻצһ˺ۡ
顭
˹ȥʱѾûʱ̵ʱնɱֻ诵һǷǳزá
˲Ǳۺͨӡ
һһʧ
һһ֡
ȭͷݺݵغһֻײһ
顭
ǧٹ˿ֻ屻˿С⻹û꣬ɵеȻһѡ
顱һ屬ըʬصˤڵϡ
ৡ
һֻ˹ȥƵͬƮһ๥ƣһѪ쭳ͬʱһεĻǱ
ʮ롣
Ǳͨһεӣ˸͵һȭ
顭
ֻ˳ȥ
顭
һը죬ʬˤ˵ϡ
顭
ڳ诵˵ϣз˻
˲诵ĸǰʱ诼壬Ҳˣó̿״
˲أǳڳǰȴһֹظо
ȫмţֻ۾ܹоʱ诿Ƥ⣬ǣ඼мȥҲһСʱͻһԲȻ

һҵ˻УĿ⼫ʹ˶ߵĳꡣ
Ȼʱ请ǳʹ̲࣬ס˻СΪһǿ־ڣûлȥһǿ͡
˳ԼԼ̽ҧ촽鴤øӵʹ¶ɬʱҲ֪Լ״ǳ壬ڿ㶼ˣһѪһֱŰģܹһЩϵľұ仯
㡭𡭡诼ѵ˵ԵĲ·һ㡣
ô
ûб۾Ҳûתͷϸĵش诡
ҡĳ鴤说ϢоԼͻȻҪͻơӪءͻƵʱ򡭡ͻȻˡֻ
ˣͻƵʱֻ֪ͻƵ巢˾ΣȫƤ⣬Ǻ඼м
ͼֲһСʱһСʱ֮诱ضһСʱڳͲܹ说ػء
ô죿
ҳһţܹôؿԼǰȻһܲķ
üͷֻԼùû˵û˿İա
㣬ԼɣֲһСʱ
ţ诼ѵ³һ
һֹҲܹ㣬ҴûԹҲ
诵۾һô᲻֪Լ״ԭΪԼɣû뵽ȴ˵һַܹȼϣϵʹ۶оһЩ
ꡭ鷳ˡ
ã
ֻץס诵ֻ֣͸诵棬͸诵ڣܿڵسڳʶС
üͷĻҪءΪѹȵѾѪĹؽڶûз϶Ѿþһ񣬼ʧȥ˿ĵԣƤγһӡ


257 
һջ֮ľ֮һľ诵壬ע״Ȼջ֮һΪԴԼһֻ͸诵С
Ȼ꿪ʼԼڵڳڲ诵˫ȥþȥ诵˫֣ڴܹڵ괫ȥ
ˡ
оһϲڳº;£诵˫ֿʼ˹
ֹ诵ͬ㶯Ħһ㣬˫ֿʼ˳˫ӡ
诽ҡ촽βΪʹΪˬ
ͬݵһؼʹͻȻˬ请·á
诵ֻط˱仯ѾһĹػָһŵĽչ⿪ʼָԣƤչָ󡭡
诵˫ֿʼֱչһ˫ֱ۽ر޳ۡ
䡭
һĴк£ܱģ塭
ʱѾȫΧ״ȫ񶼷˾诵ϡһ
һֱʮֽţڳƵʱﴳ˹Ҫ֪ѪܶһһУ˱ðȫ
һ֮󣬳ڵԼĹ˫۴ﵽǰءøӵСΪ˫۲ͬࡣ读ֻһеȱûдﵽľ磬Բעͻ˺诵ࡣ
꿪ʼᣬ滺ǰš
һ޷ֿ诵ɢǰӣһһ𵴣·ֻʴۺĶӲ
侲ס
诽ҧ촽ǿĸоûоһѣΣ·Ʈƶˡ
ÿȥҲ죬һӵʱ䣬ƿɢ
ϵѪѾˢøɸɾЩ˿ھȻڳĴ̼£Ƥ;ҵ䶯ӿϰѾϽ̡
Ѿʪ͸ˣΪԭ򣬳ô͵ҲʮƣͣˮͬСϪһش
ʱ诵ϰѾȫĹ񵽴诵
һĹͬһϵĲسλá
Ĺƽ诵˫ȸ
ʱ诵ϰѾȫָԭеģһŵӷףð͹¡
ԭѾˮˢûѪȴһƬۺ죬诵һǲΣΡݽҧ촽ɬ
ʱɳ˫͸Ĺ񵽴诵˫ȸͬһָĴȸᵯ࣬
诵岻ڲ˫Ȳмн
ģһӵгڵģգʵֺǿŮﶼʿĿĽ㣬ЩʿٴɫΪŮ˴ͲҪΪһǿߣһ˲ǿߣһĻƿ
ǿĻڣķӦȴȻͬһԱĿгУ塭
ֲܹ޳꣬ھֻ߷ߣԼ߷ߣݽҧ촽·Ǿûټˡ
ȸмشܶͬһ˫ڲͣ࣬ӣḧ
Ůصĵطܵ˵Ĵ̼诵嶶ĸӵع˫ȱñֱһһѣβͣسţС²ܿƵʪ
ǰδеרעֻҪʣȣвûʲô٣˺ܶ˼ɣܿ콫
ǳɱһһ诵Ĺһ嶼һִδĿгû飬·һڴܶ
ˡ
Ĺ˫ȸ֮һڵõ˫Ӷȥ
˫ȸ㴦ĳڽײһɲǣ·һֱµĿһҵйڣ诵Ĵʧȥ˲Ŀƣ·Ʈã˫ȽмнһǴ֮˳
š
ʹ˫˫ʧȥƵ说˳һ߿һͳתۡ
ʱſȫ˫ȳȥܹۿ诵˫ڼزֲѾʧص诸ܵһһĿвסسʱѾԼֻһһĿнͣ߳
š
诵һƬۺ죬ͣزţּص˫֮䲻ͣҺ

һڽȫ˾ת۵һֵζƮıǶˡ
겻说ȥһžΪ˺Σһ˫룬촽΢ţʱطˮ˳ʡΪ˷ܶ÷ۺ죬ǰŷۺСӣҼӲͦ
ϸһͦһͦʶţ֮һְװ׵Һ壬ζǴҺɢ

һڿˮзģϵӦǣʱ÷һ˹
ԼҲ˳ꡰһʿˮǿ˳Ŀķ򡭡
˲䣬诵÷̣ʱаޣͬһŮɬ


258 ȡ
Ӿһæɿ˫֣תȴȻһ̡
꼱æתͷȴ诺ȵתҡҪͻˡ
ɫһ㶣תͷ΢˼һ±˹ԼΪ˵ʱõ说壬رǸࡣԭѾﵽͻƵ㣬ֻͻƵʱţ񲻽ԼҽȬֽһ飬ȻҲ֮ͻˡ
꾲žΧһΪ读诿˳걳ĶһгΪڿ԰ĵͻˡ
һСʱ֮˳ͻƵڵһ㣬ﵽһǧŰٹ
۾ųıӰ诵ܸӡľˣǴнһֱһֱҽˣʱѾȥʱˣͻƣ
ǣʮֵ꣬Ҳ꿴һ⡣ܵԼȻڳǰһų߳ˣ
֪Գ꣡
̾ϢһͷͳûʲôԼһΪѡѵԼҪһγԳ
Ҫһα꿴
Ķ䶯˶о诵ϢЩȶоһѵͻƳ⣿
ֲתͷȥͷſøӵĿԼɨ诣֪ѾͻƳɹ
Ϊʲô
ѸȻ·Ѿ˺飬Լĺ档ȻΪƵʱԼѾ⣬ƵʱѾ£ô˼Լ
ǣҲܹһֱȥɣ
Ȼʮֿ㣬δܹߣһأ
ȫ˵
˼һ£껹ǾԼȿڣװ֪Ѿͻƽӣ㣿㣿
ţһ΢ŵı
ͻ𣿡
洫һᡰš
ֽԼźȥ㣬㴩ϣ
֮󣬳վԼĿҲӵ˺棬Լֻһĺһͷ
һO@һͣת㿴˴Լװ诡װе诽ȺڶʱתСһ죬ͷڳеǸ㲻ˣͬһ»վɷǰСŮˡ
㣬ǻȥɣ
ȥ诵ֺ÷̣Ͱ͵˵ȥ˿
˲Ҳ诵뷨һȥ说ԼľװԼűĿͷƺЩ˵ԼǲںǶ˵ҲӴ˺ͻᴦ۵ġ
ǡô죿Ҳû⡣
֮˳ĬãߵһԣԼ֮ǰӵһߵıʰȡһԿ׵ݸ꣬ͷͨС˵꣬鷳ȻӪأҵķȥһ·㡣
ӹԿף˿ͷ诣ٵͷԼЩȷ˵Ҿȥ
请ɿ̧ͷ˳һַۣɿصͷɫһ죬֪˵ʲô˼һµ㣬
䣬ȥҲæ𱳰˳󡣳ȥֲԶ㿴Լĸĸһɽȥ
ԼСʱңص˳Ǹɽ꽫ɽĴʯῪȻ˵㣬Ϣĵطȥ·ңȻôʯڶϣҡ
ɫ΢ԥһ£ص˵ͷ߽ɽСɽڴ˸O@һ¿ʹӶ˳
Ѹٵش·ĸ㣬Һܿ
Ȼͷɱȥ说Ӷ¶ͷųıӰѸٵʧͻȻſڣ
ǴʱѾʧӰ诵ڵغˣ૵Ӧֻһ°ɣ
ȻǰοԼһ૵һģ˶Ǵĵģһġ
Ƭ̣ʹ˦˦ͷ·Ҫʲô˦һ㣬Ȼʼᶯʯڶϡ
ɿطӪأǽĸϽȡʮǧ֡
ȡ˻֮󣬳ɿԼȥ˱ǰŵؽƿƵ̽ͷ̽ԵһĴһŵ߽˱ȷûˣֱһش¥ͳԿ׽诵ķŴ򿪣Ѹٵ˽ȥֽŹϡ
ŷųһҵء顱ţĿܴĲõǺԼķûʲôӾǾӣΪŮ˾ʲô⡣
Ŀܿ¹ϣһ嵽¹ǰȻ֪ĸ¹һŴ򿪣ܿóһ׾װŽıȻѸٵع¹ţŷȥ
ߵ˷ſڣĽŲͣţˣܹܲմ°ɣ
ַɿػص¹ǰ˼СţһС濴诵¡
ɿȡһģһڿ㣬ɫ̱ùŹ֡
û뵽һ诣ڿ㾹Ȼſͨͼڿǰһȵĳãڿĺ滹С衭
Цؽºڿ㶼ŽıȻ󼸲ܵ˷ŸǰƿţһֻŸոȥȴȻһ㶣޴վ¥˰أһֻ̧Ȼô㶵ųꡣ


259 ڶ
㡭
顭
귴ֽŹϣΡಡһ޴µӹʧڴ֮⡣
⡭
޴µɫùŹ֣죬Űֻ£һһ˼ţڸʲôѵ޴µֳһ˿ࣺвȺã
Ƿһ磬ͷԼһۣɫһࣺ鷳ˣ
꽫·һСȥʱ֪ɽڵߺ졣ǸúСڿ㣬Ķˣֻ䶼÷̡
ī˰죬诲Ŵɽڳų˵һлл
лæ̶֣ЩͰ͵˵㡭ҡڴ㷿䡭ʱ򡭡޸硭ˡ
诵ӾһЩң㡭˵ʲôˣ
æ˫ֵûʲôҲû˵Żŵؾˡ
Żŵˡ诵ֳһֿЦõ飬ⲻǸ˻𣿵ǣ漴诵ɫɴС޴ΪʲôȺãС˵һ֣˵ܹꡣ
ꡭ诵˵һ޸˵ˣһȥõ޸粻ʲôġ
˵ͷҲһҲڵ飬诵ĳŵȻ¡
ǡ㡭ûʲô¶ˣ
䣬ɶȥվ诵ǰúܲڣҲˡ
ųȥıӰϺȻֳһ˿ǣСӲ˵ȥɣ
ڶ½һϣ糾͵شˡܹװǧ߽࣬Ͻȡʮǧ֣ԭеʮǧ֣ܻѾﵽʮǧ֡
ص˱ڿһˣ֪Ӧöĳ̡
뵽Լķ䣬ϴһ裬ȻȥŻصԼķ˵Եĸǰ
һ߽Դ򿪣һ˼ţԼѾﵽͻڵڶٽ㣬ܹͻƣҲΪҪʱ䣬ҪͻǲˡԼҲӵڵڶȥ
һϵĻ֣ϸ²࣬Ҳ𣬴ҵĻֶȵһԸһЩرǺʮߵĻָǸ˲٣ΪԼƥЩѹ
ĿڵһϣͲһ֡һ߽Ļϸ±ԼȥǸξߡϸĻʮǧ˰ٻ֣ȴһһʮ֣ҲǷˣӦûһʱɱ˲Ҫһαȥ
ʹһɼˣҲˡ
°ͣЦõѰ˼ҳ˺ˮˣ
ϲһ¾½ڶµĹ֮󣬳۾ˡ
ر˵ԣ갴ͰҩȻ˯
ڶ졣
Ҳǵڶµһ졣
ڶ㡣
ڴأее߶ۼڴˣ˳һˡ
Ǹ껹ûлѵ²׼ˣ
Ҳǰ״ѵ㻹Ϊܹ涼ܹԽսɣҲʶԼУͲˡ
˵ϴγҲһ촳˵һˡ
͡һξЦºϸ²ͬϸ´Ҷʶ㡣һĻﵽһһʮ֣ܹԽսҲܴﵽ֣ѵܹԽɣ
ڶٻˣ
ûУԲһ顣
ܿ죬Ļ״ͱ˳
ʮǧ֣Ļʮǧ֣ûлᡣ
߻ȥӰĵһ㡣
һʱһˣվڵٶȲͨҪһ£ͻƵڵһ֮ԼǱǷܹسɹ
ͨѾ֪ڵһõһͻƣҲµĻֻֻ֣ᷭǵõһصĻ֡
ʾ֮󣬳߽ڵٶȲͨȻһʧˣһεˮӺˮ˳һԼȥһ˼šļ㣬ҪڵٶȲԣԼͻƵĲпܡ
ٴλصᣬһˬ·Ȼٴȥ
ڶĽŴ򿪣Ӱĵڶ㡣˵Ŀⲻɾ۽ڳϡ
ˣ
˵ʱ˱仯ԼֲйϵڴԼйϵЩţ³Сٴαѹȥ
꣬ˣ
꣬ͣ
꣬ǿ㣡
꣬ʲôս⣡
Щ˶µȱսԱһĿ˸ڴͽ
꣬Һڴı֣޴˹ųļ˵
һѾ޴½͹ˣʲôۡ޴µͷǣ޸磡
һĴ棬żξ⼸ũܻڽξǷֱҩо
ҩоһӵϢǲξǰꡣҩоʮ𾪡ڳտʼƤҩʽʱ˵ʵҩоûаѳ굱£жΪ˹ʺˣ֪ôᡣ
ǵȵ겻ϵظҩ֮ҩоʼ𽥵ꡣγϢи֪ǣѾҩͻΰʽ˵ʲô


260 
˵ҲѾﵽڵڰ˲㣬˵ѾͻƵڡ
˲ˣһʮһ꾹ȻﵽڣؼĻһߣһܹҩߡ
ܹһֱڵĹҩ˵ܻܿὫҩȫƤڵڡ
һĹҩò󡣵Ǹһ׹ҩǲþ;ˡ
˲ŲӦǰߣβǰͳ꽻ףǴġ˵ҩоָžӦǿȳҩоǸܣҩоһֱ΢ʣʱôܰæΨһ;˵ꡣ
ǣǼҴҵظ֮ȴֳȥɱˡֻȣһȾǶʮʱ䣬ξѾЩˡ
ôûлҩξڳסʵ
ʲô˵ǲԵһ죬һġ
ˡֱԣӦǰȥѰҳ꣬⣬ǻʧǾʧְ
ӹһ˿Ƿ޹ذɣҪǾˣҩоˡǲǶԳ겻мһ𣿳겻Ѿξܾ𣿡
ξһ˿ŭȴǰֻ
죬оξ˵ǲҪȥûл𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ãһһǻȥġﶢı仯ˡ
ƲƲ죬аһǳѾ𣿵ȻᣬǾŰɡ

ڶ㡣
Χڷźܶڶ㿼˵ҲǴڵӻ֣ȴٶȲһزԣֻҪһȭϵͳԶּ
ȻԶγȭϵͳԶѡһΡ
顭
һ׺ݵһȭڲϣȻɥҡҡͷģûн
ʱһվǰЩģڲԵģʱͣĿ˳ꡣ
ǸλڵһĻֿʼȻųҲܹԽΣɽš
ϸ±ѹȥУҲЩţ³ɽѹȥͶˡ
һâͷɨ壬ڿ𣺡꣬ڵһ㡣

ž
Եļž
еȴһź꣬ͻˣҪҪô죿òǻˣ
һ˫Ȼһŵأɽȣ˳ȭϡ
顭
һȭݺݵغڲϣϵʾڵַɿر仯š˵Ŀⶼۼڲʾϡ
˻һ
ʱһڴ𣺡һǧʮﵽ۷塣Ƥڻһǧ֣ڻǧ֣ڻǧ֣ڻðǧ֣ڻһǧ֣ڻǧ֣ܹǧ֣ԭʮǧ֣ܹʮǧ֡ԽڳɹַܻΪʮ֡

Ļ³һķŻ˶ϳǿ֮ǰ³ٴԽȥ
ǡ
Ҫʲô
ĻĿ࣬ڳ˶ĿɿڴųıӰ
ʱĳ겢û뿪վڲĸǰҿģƺҪһΣѵղǲǿ
ܣ
Բܣ
ǡ
Ҳûа취ǵҰУ궯ˣһȭ˿ڲϡǱʾڵּٵر仯ţ˴͵ɫ𣺡ʮǧڣδﵽξûǧ֣ԭл֣ܻΪʮǧ֣ԽܻΪһٰʮǧ֣λھʮ

е߶ĿɿڴȻγϴ߶Գ궼ʮӵĻϣɴ
϶һЩʲôˣ
ʮУξһеȱλеھʮǽһξ񣬽ξѹ£Уѹ¡
һеȱܹ
꣬ôģ޴ߵ˳ǰʵ
޸磬Ӧ֪ҾǸҩ˰ɣ
޴ַǰˣǻ˵𣿡
굱Ȼ˵һǱ΢Ѱ˼һµѾȥʱ䣬ǴƤھͿʼһһ߸ҩҵǱھҪǳס
޴³һ˵ĹҲȻǾûˡ
̵ָ꣬Ӳ˻
޴ɫһ㶵㣬Ͻȥɡ
ãȥ
ͷת뿪ָӲȥһһ˼ţΪʲôҪԼȥѵΪԼĳɼ̫ͻ
һֱȵ뵽ָӲξݣԼΪҪǰƷȱٻ֣ҩоֱ𷢹ѶϢ飬ʱԼ֮Уַ˺֮Ǽ£ҩоˡ
֪˵ݣƽҩоĹϵҲҪֻǱŻòͿˡ
λΪҩͻͰʽİɡ
꣬ȷŷš


261 ͻ
оǸξ¶΢Ц˲жϳԷҪ̸ʲôϾ鷢˲ֹһΣȻÿ˫ǳĲ졣ҳҲܴӦоҩæ΢ЦشǸξĻ٣ҿǻȽ̸ɣ
ξ΢΢üͷ˲չٴ¶Цݣû⣡ҩοԳֹĻͰʽȷ㣬㽫ΰʽ֮оĻַ
¶ϲɫĿҩξҩξҲֳЦݵҩҲ֣ͬŵҩ֮󣬻Ҳ
γ¶˸ľϲû뵽ҩҲ˴󷽡ַ̽뵽¶װͶģȡǸỤŵ֮ϵҩ͹Uڡ
ξ̸ȡһ΢͵ԣҩξU̿ʼ棬оξڵϲһȻԳ˵꣬Ѿ˻Լһ¡
ţͷ˲һֻʾ꿴һۣȻĶִԼ˻
ʱҩξṴݸԵоξȻͬ΢͵һ֮㽫΢͵
ֻǹûһӣֻٴȡֻһִԼ˻
ڿԹǰƷˣ
¶ϲ⣬ֻʱǸоξҲU̻˳꣬΢͵Ȼų˵꣬ΪͰʽ֮⣬оϵ㡣Ҫ˵ξذڰֹס˳꣬ȱæžܾо
Է˵Ҳֻñͣò״ͬʱ뵽ǰоܹ̬ȣԼҲںֵô
ֻ꣬ҪϼоǸξĴڶ㵣λŵĲоϿBš
䣬Ŀעų꣬ȴųĴ𸴡
ûеȵ𸴣һԵҩξЦ˵꣬ҩоࡣͬǸξĴ㵣λҩŵĲϿBšȻЩʱģȵ˸ĹףһõĴ꣬Ҳûа취ÿŶһĹľҲƸˣҲܹ⡣ҩ⣬ѵ㻹ҩûзչֻҪҩܿڵλϳҵġ
еȱݵõξĴȷʵѾƸˣ˵һŲλãһȨҶԳ꿪BϿ⣬겻ܹ˵⡣ǣ־ڴˣվ֮ۡԣ껹ҡҡͷԲλ١Ŀǰû뿪Ĵ㡣
ΪʲôξͬʱʵȻ໥һۣоξ˵ܹ꣬ˣɣоξĴΣ
ҩξȻû˵Ŀȴͬ˼
ǳ껹ҡҡͷϿҵ˵Բλ١
һξЩˣҩξ˵꣬Ϊǰη鹢ڻģѾõ˳ͷҩ֮⣬ǿԶ׷ӳͷ
æҡͷЩѾȥˣҲġ
ǡΪʲôҪھоξʵ
һµҸ˵˽ȻҲδھһӣĿǰҲ뿪
ᶨıξʶѾ¶˾ģϲֳɥ֮ɫǣû֮ǰճŭǱõķȣųֵ꣬ϣǽܹͬµĻᣡ
лл
Ҳֱòغ֣Ҳûжֱ֮Ӹǡ
Ҳ뿪ָӲ뿪ָӲĳ걳Ӱ˵绰֮ͨվıֱһԷľξҪ߳ܶࡣ
绰һ߽˸ղŷ֮˵ǾȻɭȻܹҩоƸĴӦ˱ĸĸ
Է̴ӦĽ飬ֺ˵˼䣬ƺԳҲΪȤ֮ɫ¶ϲɫط˵绰
ûлֱӻصԼᡣ̴򿪵Ե½ǲ鿴һԼ˻˻Ѿ˽˰̵֡½״ǱƷһĻ
ڶ죬ûȥȡӮõµƷһҩҲû뿪Ӫȥɱǽ뵽ڿʼѾоԼͻƾڽ졣
Ȼ˳ͻƵڵڶ㣬ﵽһǧʮ
˳˼ڵĺΰʽڵҩЩʵĻǣɸоԼ죬ֻǻڻͣʱ̫á
ǣܹõˣЩ߲߱ģҪνһԼٶأ
һȻռ䣬ԼӰռȡ˼ЧЧ
ڵһվܳ˷ţ޴µķ˼£ûȥ֣ķţûʱһߴ˿诿˳˳꣬ɫһ죬һһ⣬֪Ǻá


262 䶯
װĸ͹µȴûʲô뷨ʱԴ㣬֪ôŪһõĴ𣿡
ɫһ㶣̶Цõ˵Уѵûȥ
УģԺʵ
ҡҡͷȥһԺǴҩĵط
Ŷллνžߡ
诼ǵһԺߣұŮʹȥ
䣬诲֪ôɫһ죬Լų߳ĳ
ޣһЩ컣ҶЩʲô
ȥȡһƿƷһҩȻһԺ˹ȥ
뵽һԺࡣŽȥһ޴Ŀռ䣬ڷһƬƬְӣʱкܶ޴£֣ҲҺʱԸո꣬ӳЦǺǵ˵꣬ˡ
Ŷ
ǸСŸֵȼҩƷģʹá
Ŷ
һߴӦһĴţȻһȥһܣȻվһյĴְӸǰӽ˳˫һӾȻȥ
ι꣬ʲôԻڳ󺰵
ȥռ
˵꣬ѾŴܳ˴ţЩ߶㶵ųʧķһ˱仯
䡭
һɧңһ߶ȿֺش·˳ȥų׷˹ȥ
Ҳ෿ڵŮбֺһ
Щбôˣ
˭֪
ǳȥɣ
һЩŮҲæ·˳ЩбѾԶԶķȥһʮ֣Ҳķȥ
Ŵһͱ޴һЩУ׷ϣ޴ܵߣһһʵ꣬ҩû⣿
û⣡֮ǰкôܹٶ֮һҡ
ļٵģ޴Ŀࡣ
ȻֻġˣһĻͯսǣôʱû
޴¹Źֵؿһ۳˭ôûйذǾӣǾ˵ְûоӵ˭ʲô͸ʲôҪǱ˿սӣǿˣ
ŶͣɫЩĵʵ޸磬ǡǲӦȥ㱨һ£
޴һۣбһЩŮҲں˹ɿЦԼֳĶʱȥ㱨𣿻ȥɣֻҪЧᴦġûЧͲˡ
ͣ˵ͯսҲ׷תͷͯսʵͯսûȥ𣿡
ͯսɫѿУǡ
ҲһԵҲ˵
ҲϸҲ˵
Ҳ

ܶͳһħ߶˵
޴µɫҲѿĿһУɨ˵Ϊʲôû˵

죬һУ˵ӳǾǾ쿪
ߣ޴һߣ̲Է⣡
ЩУǺͷ
߰ɣ꣬뿴Ч
ţ
˵ͷȥҲųǰȥͬʱ˼ųղ˵Ļҩܹ֮һٶȣǲζԼڽͻƵϣ
һ뵽ԼܹͻƣһſĶ
ָӲ¥ڣҺȺ΢΢üͷ
ˣ
棬
ȥҿǰСڸʲôҺģ̫񻰣
뵽ӷ£ǿʼΧš
ıʼкΰʽȻͣ屶ʼкΰʽ߶ԶԶؿţ֪ǳѰһʺԼ
һֱߵʮ֮ϲ¶ЦݡһԸۿ߹ĳ꣬һҪ֪ʮξֿ߲ܹѹ꾹ȻܹʮСΰʽ
ƤĹܹһ˵ıǿ
ֲܹԽս
ģ̬
ΪʲôꣿǾͿԴƤʼĻ
ʱÿ˵鶼ܸӣ
ȴܲ˵ؽӰᵽʮȻܲߣҲŰᣬܿһطȻͿʼܽӵˮͷϣˮע뵽
ڸʲôҪɣһŮԱߵһбʵ
ţ˵ܹ֮һٶȣǸб˵
ʱǸҲ˽һʵڸʲôǳҪǸһͣ
˵Ŀⶼ˳꣬ǳǳģȻҪش
ģǰħʱ򣬷һܹ֮һٶȣʺԼڣҺ
⡭ģĲš
ţᶨص˵ͷ
Ҫȥ㱨ѾӾ˳ȥ
ܿ죬Ӿͱעˮ꽫ƿƷһҩ棬Ȼ㽫ȥŮԳ껹ǴűĺͿͷδҩȫںϣѾ߽ǰʵ꣬˵ģ
ǣꡰžһһħеĺܳһʱ䣬Ƕġ
һµãԣ￴㣬Σһ̳
лл


263 Ʒżҩ
ʱҩѾȫںϣҺ֮Уʼкΰʽ
Сӡһֱעų޴㶵˵ڵڶˣ컹ڵһ㡭
Ҳһؾͬʱֳһźģ̬
ʱһֱźΰʽĵʽÿζʧܡ
ʮڵĺΰʽƷһҩγɵóÿһƶҵʹβʹʹ˹
ķĺҲóоԼڷɿؽźΰʽĵʽƽ
üëһ˳ʩչĺΰʽеĺΰʽͬȻûʲô𣬵ϸ΢лŲ졣
ʱܶҲһ㣬޴¶֮ɫ촽䶯˼Σտ˳ⶼΪҵʹŤʱ򣬻ûסѹʵʹõĲǴͳĺΰʽӦԼģ𣿡
ɫҲ࣬¶Ũصĵǣ˵Сӵ̫ˣƤڵʱģõ֮иȻͿʼʵԼĸʵơܹڣǸ漣
ҩʼʮڣڣڵĺΰʽڽŵʽƽ
ʱеЩ糬߶Ѿĵʽû⣬ѺΰʽǰʽѾȫɹ
һСʱ򣬳оԼָǿѾﵽ˼ޣչͣ
ųӳ˷֮ɫûɣ
ҡҡͷû⡣
涼ܹ֮һٶȣ
΢Ѱ˼һµӦڻвܹﵽ̶ȣҲںЧСһЩξУЧҪһЩǣЧһС
ãڳļһµ꣬ģ㲻ܹҩ͹ܹķҴһ֣Ʒżҩһƿ
۾һžһ񣬴غлл
Ŀɨеߣ˵ĻľҲˣǾѰʺԼ
ǣе˶ػشţг˷ܡ
ԼķһѾĿϷһƿƷżҩϵƾƷżҩֳŵЦݡ
ƿҩһԼͬͨߣõĽҲǽľһΣҲǴڵڶڵ㡣Ҵ󲿷ֵĿܹܲõͻƣֻǽͻƵʱһϡ
ǳ겻ͬڵĺΰʽܹҩЧ⻹û꣬Ҫǳڸܶȵ𶯣óٶǳʵɿԭټʮоһƿƷżҩܹԼʵͻ㡣
ǣûʹáոͻƵڵҪҪͨҵսԼĸӦΣԼ°ˡ
뿪Ӫأսʼ˲ϵɱ֮Сһֱƻʱ֣ŴŶٶʮ߽෵Ӫء
ûΰʽֻǿһСʱľȻ㵹ͷ˯¡
ڶ㣬ӴϱһϵϢƿƷżҩ˱ȥ
뵽һ㣬滹ûˡʱһ㲻ͬѾ˺ܶӣ뿪֮Щ߶Ӱᵽ꽫עˮȻƿƷżҩ˽ȥȻȴҩȫںϡ
ڵȴĹУ½½˽ŮһͳкȻͿʼ׷׵ųעˮ
ʱ򣬳ѾűĺͿͷҺ֮Уʼкΰʽ
ʮԶѹųڵųʴųͬʱܱøӵʵڵĺΰʽųÿһ䣬Ĺڽطʱ䣬Ʒżҩϵ뵽ڣ߻һЧŸһƽ
ʱһЩҲһЩ߽ҩҺ֮УһЩڵҩȫںϣһЩ½½߽
뵽ҺѵߴʱѾ֮УЩûÿʼ߽ĿⲻżɨһۣͻȻ֮һɫһֳʱкͰʽĵʽȻΪǿҲûýͰʽеĵʽȫгǺʵʱţڲϵؽ
ˡ
ڲһȻͰʽʽ˳һӳɢ˳ҺԳΪĵһȦȦɢ
ͻĲˣ
еһ˫Ŀһ˵ûпʼųķȥɫһ̶Ȼ
ǴʱõһƿƷżҩܹõͻһǳ飬ԳڵĵˮƽƷżҩ£òͻǲֵ顣
ʱЩҲʮڴҪ꾿ܹͻƵʲô̶ȣЩӶڳ˽⣬ΪźܴϣõεͻơѾͻһΣﵽڵĲ㣬ͻƾڵ㡣ڳͻƵڵ㣬õͻƣЩ붼ûǸܵ飬ǵļУƺûз顣
ʱڵĹ漴ͻƵڵĲ˲䣬һˬ֮ĸо·뵽áǣҲһҵʱ䣬׹䵽˵


264 ͻ
Ǽȵʹ֮͵
ʹ˹裬˹衭
ǳȴһϲãоƿƷżҩ࣬ҪûʱҩѾĵòˡҲһϡ
𿭣ڵڶڵ诵˵ͳ꽻֣Ľ֣лܹܳ꣬ʤ𣿡
𿭵ԥĿ⽥رüᶨҾһܹģҲܡϾֻڵĲ㣬ڰ˲۷塣
̫ˣԱߴһ
ɫһŭ֮ɫתͷ˵˳ȥɫһ㶣û뵽˵˻ǵͬڶսж˵ϵȱ۱в¶һ˿۱㲻ҲǶ˳ꣿʲôʸ˵ң
۱ûŭһЦûʸԲ˵㣡
㡭ʲô˼ЩԻ
ҵ˼ǲ϶ǳĶ֣ҲǳĶ֡һɾϵȱսӵĶӳҲǳĶ֡
ô᣿Ŀࡣ
׳գ۱˵
˵˭׳գ𿭷ŭص۾
ڵһٶȵʱѾﵽڣٶȱɣ۱ɵ
Ŷ
ڵڶʱѾڣɣ
Ŷ
ͳ꽻֣Ӧ֪Ҫðɣ
Ŷ
Ҳ֪Ϊɣ
˵ܴù𣿡
Ŷ
׳գ
νûΪ۱һ׳ա𣬶Щ͵ų꣬ǸҺźΰʽʽͦĳꡣ
ȻȻָųͻˡ
۱۾΢΢ųȥȻʱΰʽʽһɡ
ˡ
ַһ
ɢɢҺͬͶһʯӣһȦȦɢ
Ҫʲô
βеȱڳԾϵȱ۱Ϊͻ֮ûнͣŵʽС
⡭ܣ
ѵͻβɣ
ͻƳɹˣͷˣվһԵĻϴĽͼʽ֯һɫ
ʱ򣬳ЩʱҲҺ֮⣬µ˶𾪵ųꡣ
ͻΣǾԻڻ䶯񻪹ҲͻƹΡ
˵пܳΪ񻪹ˡ
ÿﶼʮһ𻪹ļӣ껹ܹͷǾͻҵļӡ˱ӵߣĴ˵
ÿ˶ų꣬һ˫˫ĿͬеĽеļ
ֻ诵ɫʮֵȻųһܹɹͻڵ㡣Ϊڸ˵ʱо˳ǵĹƣҰõͻơ
Ĺܹ鵽һߵҪԣߵͻžԵҪá
ʱڳݱеǳĺ棬ûĹǳԴģΪһǳ걳ļӵеġһļ徿һʲôļ壿
˻
ڶڵһȺطһǵĿУһͻˣͻƵڵ㡣
һţͣһſڣ΢ƽһϢȻ󼤶غ棡
ڴϵ
ƿɴżĳ潫ʹƿƷżҩͻ㣬ﵽڵ㣡
ʲô
ֱӴϱضס˶ΪһһʹƷżҩ£ͻζʲô
Ȼ䣬ԺʾʾǸҺķ֮֮ϸ˽˳ϡ
ɫüȥϵһɫ绰
绰ͨԼĿ˵潫ǵóɣ
ԣԣԣǸҩоҪĳꡣ֮ǰѾ㱨ǸҩҺķҽһƿƷżҩҩͻ˼㣿
ͻ㣡ڵһֱͻƵڵ㡭
˵绰֮վŷ˰ŻϣĿʡ
Ŷʮһ갡ֻ꣡꣡ʹƤڴﵽڵ㣡һһû˿ˣʻǱ̬
ղŵõǼע꣬ҲҪĴһжҪɳԼȥȡĻгɳĳܹߵøԶ
δһйڳ鷳ƽ길ĸĴһ
ĺȥһ㴳һǸڵٶȲԣջסˡոյõͻƣҪǽԼʵȶҪսĳ
˸ӵĿ뿪̽ս
ÿκΰʽþеһСʱľµʱ˯Է֮⣬ȫɱϡ
ɱɶ߽սĵھ죬곹ȶԼʵھĸµµ׻ʱ򣬳ͻƵڵ߲㡣ﵽһǧ߰ʮѾͨڵߡ
һΪͨսԼʵûùպò״չǧ߽࣬װڼ˻ȥ
Ͻ֮󣬲ŵõʮǧ֡


265 񻪹
Ͻ֮󣬳Ҳûǰ㣬ǻصԼ˯ЩΪ˳Լʵɱ͸֧

Ҫѵ״̬ȥս

춼壡
һռıڣԼǰЩŵĻɫϲŭ
ľﵽ˵ڼ㣿
߲㣡һ˵ԼΪֳԺɫҲͬʱ˳꣬ûгĹȡĳɼ˲ͷͱһůΧֳ˼֮ɫ
͵оâһֳһ˿⣬
䣬ӹһ˿Ȼϧûоĺ˵оһҩԽһҪõǵҩǳѡ
Ҳһ˿ȻΪûкľȫľ߶޷һʵǾǲܳΪͻȼľߡ
ǣֻ˲仪оһ˿ʣ˳ꡣȻܹԴżôͲܼ
һ˿ʱע⵽ˣû˵ʲôȻЩԼŮΪʲôһʱʵ˿죬Ů˵ҲʡǸߣھҲοŸҪҪʻ
ͳô¶
С̾ͽͰ͵˵ְ֮֡䡭ûʲôġֻͨѡ
ŶֻͨѰ΢΢üͷǿҪȥһ£ҪŮзǷ֮롣
ְ֡Щ˵ôܹ
ְôˣ͵ɫЩࡣ
ְ֡ҡ˫ֽ߬½ǣֳ˻šǳ˽ְڻֻҪ˴仰ȥԺͱкӹʱѳԴְ֣߰ջסˣֻðĿŻ͡
͵͸¶һ˿Ц֮Ҳ֪Ҳҡ㻹ҪͰְã
ְ֡һӺ˰˵ҡҡϲ
أ
ҲϲҰɣ
ߣһɫһ͵Ůѵ˾ܾ𣿡
ǵģְ֡ǡǻû໥
͵ɫӵ˵СӣѵҪҵŮȿ𣿡
ְ֡۾ͻȻһͬǡ
ûͬ⣡͹ϵ˵
СһӾͱò԰ףŻ촽Щ¡
ȴûȥ΢΢˵ֻǸʲô꣬ȻҵŮ
˵̧ɫ԰׵ĻСӵļ̫ͨʵֵֻͣһҪûҪʵûʵĴҺŶǻ
ְ֡վ
Ͱڰֹס˻ǵĶҲҲѵûģûģкܶſɹѡ
ְ֣ɫͻȻüᶨ
Ů˶ã͵˵ҿԸᣬҪ˾ҪȢһ͵ŮҪóŷʵ
䣬ʹվȥߵſڶס˽Ųûлͷ˵СӽһƿƷżҩͻ㣬ڵͻƵڵ㣡
뿪˺þãվʱԺֻǻصһ仰ͻ㡭
ǰְֶûдﵽİ
ְ֡ˣְ֡
æͷſȥﻹаְֵӰ
ְʲô˼ͬҺͳ𣿡
΢΢ҡҡͷڰְֵ˽⣬ְ־Բô׵ؽɳ̫꣬࣬ûҵݣûвŵıеֻԼŬǣʵ˵ԡ
еֻǱֻǱٵؼðְֿܹðְͬĻᡣ
ĽػԼ۹⣬ųꡣ߳˴ţվ춼ۣ֮ҹɫеһȭͷź꣬ͣ
ʱ򣬻Լũܵص磬Ǽ꣬ҲԺ͸ͨ绰ڻɽۣ֮ͨ绰ĻᶼûУ
ũܵ硣
½
һűڡ
ں˯
ҹĻ٣Ĵű򿪣޴£֣磬Ժ˽ĸ˱߱˶¥ھſڵʱ޴µĶ䶯˶ֳһ˿Цݵˣ
ţˣ֣糯ųķȥȴ޴һץס֣磬Ҫȥųˣ˯
˯֣ͷ޴£µˣ˯
һͷš
ȴεҡҡͷɲһͷͨ
޴Ц˵ս˼һ£ӦۼˣǾͲҪˣ˵һϲ
˵۾Ҳһ׷׵ͷԽԼķ䡣
һֱ˯˵ڶ˹һͦӴԾ˵ϣȫָ۷״̬
Ѹٵϴһ裬ȻȥʳáʱѾ˳Էʱ䣬ʳȴʲôʱȥʲôʱṩˡ
һʳڳ˷ȥ
ڡ
߽˵һ㣬վٶȲԵǰ
㡣
ˣ֣硣𣿡һ֣к
ţˣͻˡ뿪ʱ˯֣һ߻ص


266 ŵ
˯仰߶Ŀ֣硣֣Ҳε¶һ˿Цս˽һ£ӦۼˣӦˣ
ɱ˶һ˵һ̿ʼĳĻ״
ֻʮǧ֣Ǹĳϵ˰˵
ʮǧ֣
е߶һ㶣ս˽һ£ֻʮǧ֣úֵܶͬʱҲһԳô͵Ļּǲٴˡ
ļٵģе߲ܹ֣һʵһЩߴյ˸ǰ޴£֣磬ԺҲɵ˹Χһǰš
ʮǧְ
ôôͰ
սڸʲô
쿴ֱˣһֱڵǰǸĻֵͻȻе
˽Ŀ˲۽ʾϣȻĻֱˣʮǧֱ˶ʮǧ֡
ʱڵٶȲ߳һξٶȲԽҡҡͷԼڵ߲ʵǱҲͨԡҲԼʵﵽڿȥԡ
ݽ뵽ڶ㣬ѡһǱһȭݺݵػʾϵּٵعţͣһǧ߰ʮϣڴ𣺡δﵽξӻ֣
ҡҡͷֽ˵ŵȥ߳˵ݣ뵽֮ڡһߵĿ㶼˹
꣬ղǲڵһ㴳ڵٶȲˣһʵ
һ㶣̶ȻЩ˸ղһڲԼĻ֣ԼĻͻȻǧ֣Ա϶ԼɹڵٶȲԡ
ЩôԼ
ǿ˵Ŀ⣬ص˵ͷԼͷ˴Ĵָ
֣꣡ǰεĻֿеͰҿҪе
Ц֣磬ֻһеȱҴ鰡
֣ˣǵеߴʱˡ
԰
ֻһеȱһڵߣǷǳ飬ܹŲ
ǡ
Щ֮ҲֳЦһʱıʵ̫ˣԴӽ½һÿ¶ϣ˺ֻһеȱʵ
ˣ޴ǰĳļһԵѡһȥһ¡
ţ
˵ͷһȲվһâͷŽɨһ飬Ȼ𣺡꣬ڵ߲㡣δԣ׼ԣ
ˡһ
߲ˣ
ȻͻƵڵ߲ˣ

ʱѾ˽ţĽԶϡ
һԲ׵Ŀռ䣬һռ䣬ٴ𣺡׼Ӻʼԡ


һ
ų꼤ʱѾ֪ǲҪЩ䵽Լ
꽫ʮ׾ռȫɵضЩ⡣
ȷʵɣƤڵĹٶȶڳ˵û˿вҪ״̬¼һӣȻߵٶȻᷭ
ڣе߶վڵǰͣˢ³ּ¼ǸߡǸҲڲͣرÿˢµĻ֡
ʮǧˣͨƤԡ
ںܾû˾֣ͨƤǲ֡
һӺ
ʮǧˣͨԡ
ʮǧˣͨԡ
ʮһǧˣͨԡ
ʮǧˣͨԡ
ʱÿ˵ĿⶼΪڵԣٴͨսɹˡ˳꽫õַܷĻ֡
һӺǸߵЩ괳سɹѾʮǧ֣
һĻֿʼˣĻһʮ֣ٴԽɹὫõĻּ֮ٴη־ͻﵽһʮǧ֣ٴν
ܶߵĿʱĻĿ¶
֣ҡҡͷ̾ϢһĻҪˡһġ˳Ǵﵽ΢ڵס
֣ôһѣҴʱĵȼͨ£ξҲδشﵽ΢˵΢뼶ˡһ˵ɫˣ˵ڵõһ˿ֲĻ֣
ֱˣֱˣǸ鿴ֵ˵ﵽһʮǧˡѾڵһ
Ļɫ̲԰Ŀ˾ɥȻĴα꼷񡣵ǣǸֵ֮û˿ʱҶ֪ⲻǳյ㣬Ƕڴվܹﵽһʲô̶ȡ
괳ξִܻܻ֡ﵽǧ֣ڰʮǸ߼˵
괳ξִܻﵽʮ֣ʮ
괳ξִܻﵽһǧİʮǧ֡ˡһ
ʱǸֵѾغ
ʱڲԼڵĳҲʮԼĻ֮ǰѾξԣԼͻΪµһʱĳʹ΢΢ûʹó
ͣЩϡ⵹ǳ겻Ҫ¶ԼĵƣŽĻ¸¡


267 ߲ע
ֻ˲䣬ϾͱĺУӽ߳ʱ򣬵ھĵģеĿⶼ۽ϡ뵽γĳɼܸߣȴû뵽ߵ˳̶ȡ
ĵһ
еѹ棬ȻÿﶼȻõĵһʵһΪԽʹַɵĽǣʹҲķΧ
ֱͬһһƬĿĶӳ֮󣬵ŷ
ħ
硣
һڣԼķڣɫʮֵղŴӸ˶֪Ѿڵ߲㣬ͻ㣬ڵһֱͻƵڵ㡣
ϴ
ƽһԼ
˽ֽعϣȻǵ˵ү
壡ǵ¶Цݡ
үȥɱ飬ҾӦúү˵һ¡
͸˵ǵɫһ䣬ֳһ˿ңУ
΢΢üͷҾûү֪óұʱүû˿׼
걨ңһôܣ겻֪Ǹɵġ
ҵȻǲ˵ǡ嵣ǵ˵ǣԳ򵥵ľûʲôˡֻҪ΢Ʋһ£֪Ǹɵġ겢һ֮ˣԡ
Ʋû֤ݣ
һ˿ʧܿЩ˵Ҫ֤ݡֻҪ϶Ǹɵģһ˻ᣬͻԥؽбҹ۲죬ˡ
Σǵֳһ˿ѵҴ
ĬһүһвԳʵ͵λѾܹԸ˵ġвɳһ嵽ʱʧүҵ𡣡
ѵҪ߸ףǵɫЩꡣ
үһȥͳͽ⣬ȡóԭ£ǽɱҲֻүʸ
ǳĬһڵ˵ͷЩصðɣ
ʲô˶ԾվǺ壺˵ģ
ǡǵͷ˵
ž֪ʲôʱ˶Ѿվǵĸǰһ⽫ǵȵһҡΣѪ
ôĵӣ
ү
죡˶һ˫۾ŭС£Ҳ𣿲ֹ
ͷվ˶ȻȵǸʱǲǾóһֻϣؾܹ
ǺȻû˵̬Ѿ˶˵û˶ɸֵ˵ѾΪ˾ˣôܹɳɱ֮˵飿
˶ɫҼȻˣȴöԷڣǸɵĺ£
˵Ϊܿͼսӣûлᡣ
˶̾һصӱ£΢˼һµһӦѾƲġҪٰɱ˵ûлᣬǱ÷ǳѡ
үܲܺͳͽ⡭
ͽ⣿˶ˮ𣡵Ҫɱ꣬ĳޣóǺͽ⣿
ǡô죿ǵɫЩ԰ס
˶˰ֵǳȥɣ취
ũܣص硣
꽫õĵĸµĽƷƷһҩŽСûʹƷһҩҪԼͻƵڵڰ˲֮ʹãһͻƵڡ
鿴һԼĻ֣Ѿһǧ߰ٶ֡¶һ˿΢ЦҲŽ֮󣬳뿪ᣬȥ
Щ׼ǰսɱˣ׼ڶ֮ĿʱǷֺͷɽȣȡγɽֺͷɽȵʱ̵ޡ
ꣿ
һĵڶ㣬诱㿴Щֵʵô磿
ЩȻԼ诵һͷ֪˯ˡ
Ǹҹ
꣬㲻ȥɱˣԴʱһ浹ҩ
ʱȥˣͻڵڰ˲ȥ
꣬Ƶôˣ֣ųʵ
У
ҸʱǶһ£ĵطٸ㽲һ¡
ãлл֣磡˵
꣡޴˹ЩӵӮµƷһҩαӮȥˡСӣġ
⡭޴һ˵óЩ˼
޴¿ϵɫЦųļ˵꣬Ŭɡ¸Ҳġ

ǡ
һʱѾյĴڡ߸Χһԡ
߸񻪹Ȩ߸ˣ׵ľǻϯŹ˶ǻƶˡ
ڴʱǸڽųϸϡ
꣬ʮһ꣬һͨͥʮ꿪ʼħѧϰʽʱڵ߲㡣ؼһƿƷżҩͻɡڵͻƵڵ㡣ϵظĻͻҩҶȡ˳ɹҶзڳˡѾԴһֹǱܹñھ½ĸ´񣬵ĸ¸ȡһ
ϸϺŹеһֽˡؽֽϵֿ꣬һķӵ̧ͷŹϯǺǱǲЩ̫ˣ


268 һֽԼ
˵ĿⶼŹŹĿ⻺ɨˡ
˭Ҳ뵽λõ߸˴ʱȻΪһһλ顣ȫĲ顣
꾿ΪʲôܹߴͷΪ˾һ
λŹ˵ܼ򵥣ΪųΪһǱȫ֪ǻһ񣬻͡
ϧǣͲǾϸ˵ѾǻĹϽΧǺ֮ӦùںĹϵ
Լļ壬ΪĹУԼ̤Ǹ۷塣

Ƕ֪ƺζʲô
˵ȱû˾Եɱԣһ˾ͿԺһƽ۽ȻҲŻһЩ飬ΪĴڣҶҹžηǣÿ뻪ͳ֣ҪķǴԴһЩʱҪ²̨
ĴھΪûԼԼԼ񣬻͵̬һٰڵ˸ߡһǻδȫױȵġ
Ҷֵ֪оһʧˡҲǶʱܹоģǴ¸¿ʼҪֱħũ£ΪռĶԽѾɱ⡣
ħũܣѩɹȣȪҪʼ¡ǾĽذҲҪ¡ȫΣ٣ĩҲҪʼˡ
۴ĸųΪһĿܡһҪ֧֣֧Ϊһ
һΪ񣬾ǻ񡣡
ǡһľͷЩǵ˵һΪ᲻Ϊһͣ
ᣡŹϵ˵ȻĳΪһһҪһЩȨҪɳĹиܹΪˣһЩദһҪȺͻദǢܶࡣ˵ҲԳһˣǻѡһǱˣΪ˻ΪδǱ

ũܾ½
ֻǴһ̿վڵϣ˫̱֮˷ɽȡһ˫ȷŽĹâ
顭
ڿһţ·Ǳһִ򱬣˱
ɽɢȥ˫֣ͬڣ˫ֵ˫ͷųɫ
һֵ˳ȥ˻һͬһĵ
˫ֲϵػƮЩģͬһƬơ
ֻγɵֵȴǲϵڿлһ켣һʽƵľʩչ˳
꽫ͷų۲ԼƵڿռеĹ켣һһƵƵĵԽԽͬʱĽֵּʱҲԽԽ
һ˵ڶһűĴǰ塣
ûлֳԻղѾȥ޴¸ˣô᲻档
꣡ſԼɤӴغ
һӰڶ¥̨ϣ˫Ѿɢȥ˽֣ʧȥ˽Ĺ󣬻ָԭò
ǣʱʮַŭĹؼȴظϡվ̨֮ŴǸȥδüɢȥĵǵصŴ֮к˹ȥ
ŵŵš
Ǹ˼˲亮оһεĵնϡ
̨ϵĳϳ˴֮ˣ
ɢȥԼĵ⣬ʵʲô£
ѵһڿˮȥ
ãԵȣ
Ҫ겻˿ĵ飬̻صװϣ¥˴֮߰ɣ
ܿ죬Ĵ£վİ칫⡣
棡غ
洫
߽ڣھ񱨸ͬʱҲ֮⣬һ˳ȵ
ʱǸѾ˳ȥ΢ЦŶԳ˵꣬λϯ

ֳһ˿֮ɫ˧ߡڻܹʮԪ˧ߡʮԪ˧еĵһˣίϯߴͷ֮һڶ
ϵм뵽۷֮һ
¶һ˿ЦŷӦ˫һžһһ񣬴˵׳ã
ʱҲ˳ȥعغã칫ֻʣͳˡ
澲ϵȻûпɢƣȴóоѹͺһƬһ޼ʵ󣬶ͬһҶۡ
ɣ
ָָӣСϣŶ
ǰһֽƵ˳ǰ˵ɣ
Щɻؿһ۶ȴʱѾ΢΢㽫ĿԼǰǵֽϡ
ɫӹһ˿죬⾹ȻһƺԼĶ겻˾ؿ
һҳһҳؿȥܿͷԼĲͬ
һˣʱġҲ˵ڷֻۣҪޣʱó긴ԱҲʱҪԱԼȴ涨꽫ΪһԱҲ˵ֻҪǩݺԼһӶǾˡ
ηܿ쿴꣬Щγû˿ִΪһˣЧûʲôõĵط
ҺԼдʮųʵǿȫԽԽܹΪ񣬼һˡǳ֪Լõ˹ҵĴԴʱҲǲܾܾҲֵҪ
ڸ淽ȷʵĶ


269 Ϣ
Ǹнˮнﵽһǧһǧɲǻңǻ֡Ļ֣һǧһңǽﵽ˿ֲһǧڡҲʮһǧһҿ˿ֲûĸ߻ѻֶһң߻ǮǧټƵҪ֡
ΪڲܹϹκζģܹϹֻл֡һһǧǲ࣬һƷ
ǣԼенˮҲһ㲻ģųʵٽһȼнˮͻᷭ˵еȱֻҪͻƵڣΪϵȱнˮͻһǧ֡
ڶʮ֮ǰΪϵȱԺϹκƷŵۡڶʮ֮ǰܹΪϵȱûۿۡڶʮ֮ǰûгΪϵȱڶʮԺΪϵȱнˮ᳤нһǧ֡
ڶʮ֮ǰΪξԺϹκƷۡڶʮ֮ǰܹΪξûۿۡڶʮ֮ǰûгΪξԺͻƵξҲнˮ
ÿһΪ׼Ҳ˵һֱûдﵽǸ׼ԺΪ˽ߣϹﲻûһ˿ۿۣнˮҲֻԶһǧ֡
Լڳ˵ǹƽģǲƽġ
һֱڻ׼֮ǰͻƣõĺôǾ޴ġнˮϵطﵽһ˲εֵۿҲԽԽࡣ
һֱڻ׼ޣͿˡһٽ˵ɣÿҲǧֵнˮȴֻܹһǧ֡
˵һĺԼ޴ǰͿûǸ
𣿡ų꽫Լ£ʵеǩ𣿡
ֻ΢Ѱ˼һ£ͷӦûмûбҪṩԴٶԼǸﵽ׼ֵ
ų꽫ԼǩˣŹ¶һ˿Цݵ꣬ŬɣԼղҲˣʵԽԽǿȨҲԽԽԽԽСҵվ֮ۡȥһǧֺܿͻĿ
лл
лŹڰֵ꣬ÿͻƵʱѰԣҲþʵĴ
ǣ׳
Լһʽݣһݣһݡ
źԼڷ·ϣԺвͣؼţԼһؾҪڶʮ֮ǰͻƵڣΪһϵȱ
ʱʮ껹вµʱ䣬Լڵ߲㣬ҪڳΪһϵȱȫпܡ
ǣҵľܹﵽƷ弶ľ֮£ԼͻٶȻӵؿ١
ԺҪСʱľˣ
صԼᣬ鿴һ£ȻѾǧ߰ٶĻ֡ϹһЩҩĲϣҪЩ֣һֱȵɹٷ֮ʮϣŻڵĲҩҩϾڵĲҩҲ޾ģʡʡ
ֿ˿ϱ꣬ѾˣԼϵµĵȼӦƷû뵽ǿܹ˳̶ȵķ£һ¿Ҫǧ֡
ֿ˿ĿѾܹõĵҪٶ׬һЩ֣´һõġ
뵽˹ɵУÿʮҩҺκΰʽеľСʱҩСʱµʱҪֺͷɽȡʱŬ̡
ʮʱ䣬˳ͻڵ߲㡣һ죬޴´һϢ¸£ҲǼѵһ£޵սӽħ޽ΪһµĽ
ûʲô뷨Ϊ˴˵ȫһʲôҲ֪ȴкܶμӹϽ˴ȣ޴УߵݲμӴȣξߵʱѾμӹ˴ȡ
ս٣̾ʵӳô¶֮ǰӰôŪһǰ
޴ҡҡͷҲ֪˵δȵĹб仯
ʲô仯
Ǿܣô֪޴һֵ̯
Ҷ۷׷ףȴһ뿪ϾҪ뿪½ħޣδؾлҩҺŽսԼոͻƵľȹ̣ȻʹƷһҩȡһͻƵڡ
սɱʮ죬ʮûһþȫ似ɱʮʱȻֻǰ˰ٸڵڰ˲ʵȫȶһȭʮ
ھµ׻ʱ귵˾½ǳ׷Ϣһ죬
˰ٸֻ߽ǻһǧٸ֡ϵĻձ鲻ߣҶ֪¸½ħĸ޵ĴӽԼûгȥɱǳĲ㴳ء
鿴һ񣬵һβĻˣǻһߣķֻʮ֡Դӽ½ѵһϷ͵һΡ
߽һ㣬һЩ˺İˣԭЩڴԤ˵ĶԱҲˣʱһЩڵһҩҺרעе߸ո꣬׷׺ͳкˣ꣬γȥ׬˶ٻ֣Ŵɤź
Ц׬֡
ô٣ų¿ǹǺ


270 һδ
꣬ھ׼𣿡ϸմҩҺ˳
Ƕҡͷһ£ܲͻƵ˵
԰ϸһǰ㻹һƿƷһҩûã
ЦЦ㿪ʼæԼĳעˮȻƿƷһҩصҺ֮УվһԵȴš
ҩȫں֮󣬳꽫ϵ·ѵֻ±ĺͶ̿㣬ҩҺ֮С
ʽչƷļľһʼ࣬ҩžʽ룬ʮѹ£͸øӵسס
ԭͨʮķɱ¾ѾڵĻʵʮʵʱʮʽƷһҩķĺ£ֻһӵʱ䣬ͻƵڣﵽǧٹ
ֹ˴Լһҵʱ䣬ʽĵһʽڳȫ˳ͻڵһ㣬ﵽǧŰٹ
Ʒһҩڳͻڵһ֮ɽǰţμ˺ܶ࣬ϾͻƵĲСأǴؿڣǴͻƵڡԣһֱҩȫľͻڵڶ㡣һȭﵽǧٹ
꣬ϵȱˣĽ˵
ٺ١Ҳ˷ܵ˵ߴ·ߺͶ˼䣬Ȼ뿪
ȥ˵ոͻڵڶ㣬ɴ۾˰죬һӴֵȥأȥ
صԼᣬǽڵҩͺΰʽU棬ȻҩоֱһϢ
ڽһʱ㲻ͣţԼոͻƵľ硣
̫ȭƵɽȣ֡
е˫ͨǱ
һֱҹʱ֣Сʱľ֮󣬲ϴһ뵽˯֮С
ڶ죬緹ʱڳ޴¾ЦŶԳ˵꣬µĻôôٰһǧ֣ûϣѵˣ
꽫еһ˽ȥ˵޸磬ô֪ҵĻ֣
С޴±Ӱ˵㲻֪Ļôܹܲע⼸˲鿴Ļ֣ſһǧٸ֡ôô٣
ⲻǹ
䣬ֿʼͷԷ޴ҲʼͷԷ극߳ŵʱ޴µȥ𣿡
ţȥɢһһСʱȥ񡣲޸硣¾ͲҪɶˡ
Сӣ
޴ҡҡͷȥһΧŲٳɢСʱ󣬳꿪ʼΧŲٳܡһСʱ󣬳ˬ߽ĵһ㡣
һûˡսԱʱڵĲͨ㳯ξٶȲԽȥѾﵽǧٹʹǱĻ˲ıܹﵽһǧ㣬ԼӦܹͨξٶȲԡ
꣬ڵڶ㣬ͨٶȲԣξٶȲԡ
屻ɨ֮󣬵𣬽߻˽ȥĽźϡٴ𣺡ͨͨӺʼ


һ
顭
һǧӳĽŵױͨһӰͬһųŵڵ˳ȥżڵϵ˼㣬ʱ̳˰ס
߳˽ţһ𣺡Խͨξʮǧ֣ԭһǧٻ֣ܷΪʮǧٻ֣δ񡣡
국һЦֱӽ˵ݣûǰȥսξٶȲԣǲȥսȥŰ
˵ڶ㣬ˡ
վһĸǰǱһȭ˳ȥ
顭
ʾϵּٵر仯ţͣһǧֵϣһ𣺡ͨξԣöʮǧ֣ԭеĻʮǧٻ֣δ񡣡
ʱĲ㡣
ҶͨĲһۺϲԣԵķʽս
ڵĲţÿһʮ׳ͨͨͷڣһԲ׵Ŀռ䣬߽֮󣬻ῴһֳ޹ǵҰˡ
ÿһ϶һƣдҰ˵ƷסҰ˵ƷڵļǣµȱĽҰˣеȱҰˣϵȱҰˣξ߽Ұˣξ߶߽۷Ұˣξ߶԰˽ҰˡУ߶԰˽۷ҰˣУ߶ԾŽҰˣУ߶ԾŽ۷Ұˡ
ʱмһŴϣվ΢΢üͷôжٻ֣
һξվԱߣЦ˵µĻֻһǧٻ֡
ô٣üëһ
ţҸղſǸξŲԶһʽԺܽߺΣڵĻ֡
֣
Ѹٵ½Ȼ֣Ȼʹ
ôˣǸξŽκǽξûһ㣬سŵʾ
ΣΡ
Ȼ˹תͷڵĻѾʮǧٻ֣
ʲôǸξܵ˵ԵĸǰȻʹ͵ʾ૵ôܣôܣ
һְֻһߣγڵԵĸǰĿʾϡ
Ȼʮǧٻ֣üëһѵСѾˣԽս
̧°͵˼


271 һ
תͷ˵ﶢųĻ֣һб仯͸ң
ǣһȻ˫۽ʾϵĳ֡
ص£΢΢۾˸ղŵĳ֣һ϶ֳȤ
⼸³һֱ𾪣һʿȴÿ¶ϣⲻܲǸȤһĿǸֵı仯
һЩߴӴطڳֵĳһ֮ҲʱȥأǸѰط£һϢһķ
㡣
Ŵ򿪣˳߽һԷɨ֮󣬵𣺡꣬ڵڶ㣬Ѿͨξԣ֮󽫿Уԡ


һ
ų꼤˲佫Լʩչ΢ͨ£΢У׷Ŀ꣬ȴܹﵽ硣
΢ٶضһٶܼĺ⡭
ˣĲͻȻں
һֱ΢˲۾ĲеߴʱĿ
ĻѾһʮǧٻ֣ʮ
ˡһƬ
Сӻôô죿
һԽսˣֵղӦͨУԡ
ڻû֤ڴУԡ

ֱˣͻȻ󺰣һ
ʮǧˣʮһˣ˷ܵش󺰵
ˡڷˡ
С̫ˣ

̬

Сӡӹһ˿ЦݣаһҪ˧ϸ㱨ˡ
ʱҲûٻصԣǾվŵʾΧߣһŽš
ֱˣǸѾúˣ߰ʮһǧˣλ񡭡ʮλ
䡭Ĳˡ
һ˿ʣа껹𣿡
㡣
Ŵ򿪣˳У֮̾ѡֹͣأΪصĻֻð弶껹ԼĵƱ¶ô硣
ݣ˵Ĳ㡣
һ߳ݣͿһ˫˫۾ͬڿһֲһɫһ㶣ôң
֣ĥĥɳôûԵ¶˿
ҡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴȺ߳ȥأ￴š
Ŷ
˵ͷѾϵȱȻҪҰ˵ķ䡣ϵȱΪ͵Ҳڰ˲۷壬ߵϵȱսӶӳԣѾͻƵξ𣬶ȴֻһڵڶߣϵȱĲ಻һش
ǣûΪ굣ģûÿδսʱ򶼴һ߽
ԼƷߵҰ˵ǰһɨ֮һ𣺡ڵڶ㣬뿼ˣʱ䲻ޣɱҰ˼Ϊɹ
ųƷٲ˽ȥ߹ʮͨťŸոѿһ죬ʹ洫غ
ٲ˽ţһԲһƽ׵Ľ䣬ڶһӣһ׶ߣһ޴޹ǵҰˣһеľ޴޹ûӡ
꽫˳ӵһߣбһѸٵؾ
۵
ӴˣҰų˳
ڵĲУ˾صȴšǲ֪ûͷΪ߱ܵԭ򡣱ϾһЩ߶һЩԼľЩǱĵƣǷǳԻΪص߱ܡ
һӵʱ䣬ʹӽ˳Ƿһ˿΢ЦһĽǷֻնɱԼͬȽ׵Ұ˾͵õʮ֡
ûϢ߽̽Ұ˵Ľš
ڶٷˣ
߰ʮһǧ֣ʮ
γȥ߽Ұˣξٴȥܻ־ͻᷭˣӦܹǰʮ˰ɣ
ǰʮѾ϶ˣ֮ǰûɱ߽߽Ұ˸͵ס
Ȼǲһӵʱ䣬ٴδӽ˳ֱ߽۷Ұ˵Ľȥ
γֶˣ
һǧٰʮڰ
˻
˵һһ߽ǸĿ⸴ӡ
˵ܹ߽۷Ұһ𣿡
̫ܰɣǿξʵˣ
֮ǰǿս߽۷ࡣ˵ܹسɹ
û뵽Сӵʵôǿ
ܹһأֻܻᷭǡֻٴγΪһ
˵ĿⲻĿǰһ޴£޴¿Цһû뵽Сӻô
ʱվڽӵм䣬ǸѺҰ˵ڴ򿪡
𡭡
Ұų˹ĴһеƷһһݣ顱һŶҰ˳˹ȥ
˫ӽ˲䣬ƷһʽãһĨڿֳһնҰ˵ʺ

Ұеľ޴޹ǰһƷ棬󽫾޴޹ͷų
굱ʱ͸оһɽԼκԥȥǾ޴޹ǽıǼɨϢƤʹ


272 ս
ľǰδеؼ֮ǰսɱ߽۷Ƕþɱֻٲֵ߽Ǳеɱ
һ߽۷һһܹӶ޹ǵǵҰˣ˲ʹƵλá
ʮ׾ſ΢չƵİͷ˳
һһһһ
˵һ˺͵ͬһƬơ

ܼرײֱЩ飬˫ⱬ䡣
߽۷ȻͬǹġԳǧٹȻȫҰ˵Ķ֣Ұ˲ͣػɡ΢뼶´ʱĳѾòܹˡ

ҰȻߴ󣬵߽۷ٶȴ죬Բ׵ĿռԭͲֻڳ걻ɣصײ˽ǽϣûüҰ˱Ѿ嵽˸ǰ
飡
ҽǽһߣбŴ˳ȥ
飡飡
˫һǽߣڿҰ˳˹ȥǱ˲עƷС
ˡ
Ʒһһǧ˿ХͬŮڷУͬһҰˡ

ĵͬһƬƬ಻ÿһ๫Ұ˼ҵײ
ʹǱҲǸոմﵽξغҰӲƴóʧȥƽ⣬΢Щʧȥ˾һ˲䣬Ұ˾Ȼ޴޹ǵìһų굱ش˹
ʱĳѾֻнƷһᣬһ߬ŵһŵӭ޹ǡ
顭
ͬһһط˳ȥ
䡭
ĺ󱳺ݺݵײ˽ǽϣͬɢ˼һ㡣
𡭡
Ұ˫Ŀ죬˫Ųŵ¡¡޴޹Ǵųصƿ֮ųɨ
˲佫˰弶ʱ˫۷飬ѾٺҰӲƴȫƾŰ弶š
ֵƷǵصعǾԲҰ˵޹Ƿ˽Ĺâ
Ұ˵һƷȻƿյķҰ˵ͷ­Ұ˴һ޴޹ųƷ˹ȥ
顭
ֵƷ·ʧȥҰеľ޴޹һӿķɣеľ޴޹ҲԵϷȥ¶ؿĲλ
˻
ָ£ͬһͷŽĹâҰ˵š
𡭡
ҰشֻųĻ˹
顭
˫Ȼڵһߣμٺˡ
䡭
Ұ˵˫ֺݺݵ˵ϣ涼һ
ۡ
Ұ˵ؿڳһ󶴣Ѫ˳ʱڳһȭͷСࡣ
ǣҰ̧ͷ˫۳صų꣬͵վҡҡλεų˹
ͨ
Ľӵ˵ϣһһʧһһ֡
顭
ǱͨѾ˥Ұ˻
䡭
Ұڴһ죬ͨİڱըѪͬһѹˮǹһǰص鶴˳
ͨҰ˾޴ڵ˵ϡ
ͨһƨ˵ϣȫͬһ㡣
죬Цһ£ףԼĿǰˮƽڲþ£Ҳɱһֻ߽۷
ˣ
ĲڣڻصܷѾǧʮλһ
ѪһƣƷ˳
žžžžž
֮һƬߵ˳ǰ͵ؿųСӣµĵһˡҽƷǰ㣡
֪;ǩ˺Լ飬ֻлߴͷͳ֪ɵӣȻܹټ꣬ôԳ겻ӣ
ԼķŵԼϣ¶ĵЦݡ
ĿѾнǧ֣ԭеĻ֣ϴõĻ֣ѾΪϵȱǰ˺ԼϵҪнˮΪǧ򣬲ҽһǧ˳Ŀ
ҪϵǰѾƷĻֲǰѾƷҪǧ֡
ϷƿһĽƷƷһҩ
˽Ұ˵һɱڵڶʵȶһѽϵƷһҩ
죬Ҿƿҩȡٴͻƣ

һճͣ˾½Ĵ⣬һ˲飬ճٴ˾½İ칫¥ͣУ˳¥ȥ
˽ȥûжһִ˳˼ճķȥܿ죬ӳϷɿڼȥ
˷ֱҩоڵõ괫Ϣ֮ҩоˣ˭Ҳû뵽ôʱͻƵڣҽڵĺΰʽҩȫ
һ˲ҩоסˣԼͬǰľټ𣬲ξУ
Ҳ׼˷ĺԼҪϴηһ
ǼҴҵؽ뵽İ칫¥֮ȴûмǱ֪ǣʱһ㿴ͻơ
Уʱ;ˣ
ʲôͻƣ
ӦУ̴Ӵ¥˳ٶʱѾȲҪˣһʲô
һһ㣬ͿΧһȦߵ˵š


273 Ľħ
һһҩҺߣУȻûмˣȴƬԣһ۾ϳҩҺҪҵĳꡣ
ϳ˳꣬˱㲻ųһ˵ϲ¶˾ݡ
ʱʽĵʽǰʽ⡭Ҫڵˣ
ļٵģ
ۻ˰ɣ
ʱĳƷһҩͻƣѾͻ㣬ŵͻơ
ҩоУԾǴڵЩҲʮֳԾҲֳһ˿ݡ
Ҫ֪ʵȼԽߣҪԽͻԽѡ֮ǰû뵽ͻƣܹͻһ͵ˡ
ҲûùƷһҩǴûйЧҲӦЧɣ
еѵһš
֪ΪĹĹǳƷļľԾ׼ؿԼĸ࣬˵һƿƷһҩƿҲЧ
ˡ
ڴһһȦӳɢ˳ҩҺһȦȦܵ
ͻƵڵ㣬ﵽǧٹ
ƣӳ˳ǰųļ޵СӣģϽȥϢǾͳˣǰĽǡ
ʱҩоУҲзӦ˹æͳ
ҩ֡
оĳ¾
ͷ˳һۣȻתİɣ
ǣ
꣬ȥϴ裬·ȻҰ칫
ǣ꾴һ֮λУȻѸٵ뿪
ʮ֮󣬳İ칫С
ҩоǳظɴ࣬ںͳ֮˵꣬ҩ׼İĻֻȡҩ㿴𣿡
Ҳİֻȡĺΰʽ𣿡
굱ͷUȡŵϡУ࣬ûȥỤȰѻֹ˳֮꣬˲ŷֱ𿽱һݡ
һ֮УĿͬʱ˳ꡣ겻ɿЦλ٣ҼҩоĻͲҪ˵ˣҲ뿪ӵġ
ꡭΪǲ֮ǰ̬ȵǸ
˰ֹסУϿҵ˵λ٣Ҷҩоû˿ƫ֮ǰЩֻǴǸ˵̬ȣܹҩо̬ȡԣҲμҩоΪҶҩоԹԣҲμӡ
ΪʲôУͬʵʵǲܹ˼άҩоһʶǰ;ĹȻ᲻ϲ
ϲǰʱսĻ
Уһۣ˵Ѿǳˣ˼ҲҩоԼһ˳꣬ǳʼվûдҩоԸսĵط
˲ûУھкܶࡣУΣֻиǷأø߲ȥ취
صԼķ䣬һԼĿѾ˽ǧ߰Ļ֡һϵǱƷ漴˹Ϣܿ췢ϢƷԭ۰ǧ֣ۣǧ֡Ƿȷ򣿡
ԥصȷĿܿʣ˲һǧ֡ǶԷϢʹ
֮ǰｫᵽ
ڲһ㣬ﵽﻹСʱ룬ԼΪǱҩǷͯսһ֣㽫һֻͯսȻָͯսϢŹر˵ԣվؼһŴȷŴˣȻ󽫴ϣ˱ѣ뵽硣
ĳѾܹҩˣҪʯϵҩ
һ鿴Ʒҩֱܹ֡ҩҩҩֳַ֣һڷһ
ǻָҩҩܹڽʧԪ
ֵıҩҩܹһСʱ֮ڽԼʵһ𡣲һСʱ֮󣬻һСʱ˥ڡ
ǽⶾҩȴó۾һҩߵĸҩ
ÿҩַ־żÿһַ϶ͬЧȷʵһһǿ
꼱æƷһĸҩҪĲϣȻгٴε¼ʼֲϣܿ쿨Ļ־Ͳʮͣ
㣬Ʒ˹ʮңҩĲϱ˹
꽫ЩŽ磬ֻ˾Ʒԡ
ϣȥڵһռһʽȻصԼķɵ˴Ͽʼ֮н뵽УùĲϿʼƷһҩ
ϵСʱȻʧˣûгɹһΡҲûйгֱڱ˯˹ȥ
ĽǣӢBermuda TriangleֳħǣʱֳưĽ޾ݽоʵʸλòΣĽεģΧԶī塢ձȺλڱβ庣ӢĽȺ϶γɵ򣬾ݳƾȻΥɵ¼Լ390ƽ150ƽӢ
18801976䣬԰ټƵĴֻͷɻʧ£ǧƵڴɥԼ158ʧ¼дǷ194930䣬ʧ97Σ2000ڴɥʧ١


274 
201711ա
Ľħǡ
ǱˮͧסǱǵƳǱͧٶȶСʱֳ֮˺ɽ߷֮һƬĻ͸ĻĶ档
Ǳˮͧû˿ͣٵǵ޴ĹĻȥֻǱˮͧ뵽Ļ֮УǹĻͬһʯ͸ƽĺˮУһȦȦ֮ǱˮͧʧڹĻߡ
ڹĻһһƬǱˮͧʼϻ
ǱˮͧĴϣ͸еǸУͣľȻʶתԼľ
ũܵĽħޣѾȥʱ䡣ʱ꼸ѾͻƷ弶ơ
诿˳Էʱ伸ڴ˯̲סų꣺һͷ
űĿڴϵĳ꣬ҡͷ̾һ治֪һʵôģ
Уʱسֻּûм֣ЩʮֵǱˮͧȴǱˮͧں˼ֻ֮󣬻ҵȥ
޴´ʱվָӲڣżֻﱻ׺飬˵ҲǺ
˵ˣһ˾˵Ƭеģ㿴ͻ֪ʲôײС
걻ӴϽǱͧҪˡ
ԼСʱ
˴Ǳˮͧ˳΢̵ĺӭ洵˾һ
վڰһֻһܹݴʱĸܡ

һԭʼ
ĽһƬ½δ֪ĺ
Ƭ½൱޴С￪ٷ֮һ
˱ס£ȻǱÿҲһķ䡣
Լסߵһ·ϣǿ˸ַɫʿȫĵطÿ˵϶ɢѪȵɱ
ʱ򴩵һµȱװǰϵġ˵ǣȻڴԤʱµȱݲμӵģ˴Ƚ֮ǰһֱݺˡ
ٶĺ壬ǾҪҵĶԱҵĶԱҲôɵɵȫ¶Լʵ
ȻǲŸոϰãмǱˮͧӺһȺϷǵĿɨȥȻµȱսжǴµȱľװûһеȱϵľװ
פٵĽһ·Ͼ򣬷ֱսӣӢսӺͰսӵľס
ҵսԱҲشӷ߳վ̨ϣŻսԱ˹
꿴˰޵άʱ˫ֲڿ㶵һɢģųֻ꣬ϵľװµȱľװ
һ̨֮ϣӢıжһųңң⡣ңңͷ
סĴſڣѷ˳·߹꣬еսεͷų
ɲţĿѷɨͬɨһͨˡһӰѷ
뵽ָԼķ䣬㽫ŴϣȻֱɵ˴ϡΪоԼľôãƺҪͻˡ
ɵ˴ϣ̽͸ڵ統Уһľյʶ֮УȻתЩľԼӡתԼľ
ոշԼǿпٳʶʶʶֻһɾĿռ䣬һжʮǣʶȴ˱仯ѾǲŨ

ŨŨųľӵŨ
ʱĳڷеľľľرƽƷ弶
Ʒ弶Ǿߵһˮ룬һΪƷ弶ߣһܣǾǾ
ʶеı仯Һ
أų겻ϵսĴʶеƺŨһޣγһˮ״Һ
һΣΣΡ
ʶеرϡʶĳһȭͷСҺ壬·һ΢͵ˮ̶
Լʶгϲá
ͻƵƷ弶ǰȭͷСҺʶĳΡţȵȭͷСҺޱ޼ʣʶ֡
Ӵ
ˡ
ͷ˳ȥֵķΧٴηﵽʮס
ľ͸ǽڽ뵽ڣҵķ䣬ʱڷǺˮ
ಡ
ʮɽڷ˳ڿ衣ֻʮɽʮɽڿݺύ
ʮɽûнģͷͬ͡ڳľ£ʮɽȻڿкϳһ󽣡
ڿмٵӶܹоϳɵĴ̲ص֪ҪԼٱ
ಡ
еǱ󽣷ֽ⿪ʮСųХս֮С
ڴϣȴǽУӹһʯ󽫾һʯɨ裬ʯϵĹסȻ˳硣
ʯϵõĹ̡
һ־ķҲ㼶Ψһܹľþָ߼ǳľܹġ
̣ǽ۳룬Ȼ˵ԺУȻڵ˵Ժбѣݻٵ˵ʶ
һ˿ֲļܣû˵ּܡ
һ£ں͵˽սĹУͬͷų̣ûڵ˵ԺбѣһʲôЧ
Ѿ˾Լ׶ûܡˣͱ뽫ԷնɱԲܹԼй¶ȥ


275 ս
꽫ԼһһŻ̡
죡
˶Լ㲻ÿ춼Ż̡˴ȾϾҪʼĹͷܹջ̹ռݸơ
ʱ䣬ڽշ硣һʱ֮䣬ı
ľȼѾߵģûܹԽǣ񻪹͵Ķ
ҡҡͷȻûкͻͽ֣Ҳ֪Ʒ弶ľӦòǻ͵Ķ֣ҲúԶ
˵ϣʽͬʱֱƷ弶ľ˲䣬ü֮¶ϲ֮ɫ
ٶȸˣƵʸˣǵøӵʵЧֱӷҲһظоһ£дԼıЧһûռ䣬ٶȲһϾЧҪռǿ̫ࡣ
չȻչһԼ壬ԡϴһ裬Ȼһˬľװ˳ȥ
ȣ
ո߳סصĴţڴĽֵվϷµȱսӶӳȡ
ȼ꣬һһģ꣬Ѿüˣˡ
ңȻЩףǻǿʵ
ǣڵ͸¶꣬µȱһλһҵģҽ㣬ûҵ
ȵͷ˳ͬһֻ޻͵ڿռӡ
ʱһЩĶҲӴ¥˲о˿ȼڿռơ
Ȼûжȴ·һֻֻͻǡ
ûῧȣ߳¥ļȥҺƵ˳·ûܵȵӰһ㣬ΪһЩͯսҲֻ΢΢üͷɾٲǰ
¶΢ЦŻͷſȡͷųƣѾ϶ԷѾͻƵڣΪһеȱֻԼһѡأ˵ǺԼһ׳µȱľװ
Լڰ֮ǰǰȻͬһ㼶ĳȴѾԶԶ˦
ʱٺͿȾжЩ˼оԼ۸ȡǣ΢ЦŶԿ˵ȣҲˣɱɱظʲôȥһɣ
ȴһĿ⽥ų꣬һһٵ˵㣡£ˣ
¶һ˿ΣҪд裿
ȻҡͷҪ׵ػ㡣
ûио⣬Ϊ֮ǰѾ߹ǣһ̿ʼҲͿʼˡ໥֮ǰʹ֮ǰɨӪ£ɨӪԷǴӴ˿̿ʼȴԽ
湻ŵģһӽֵһ𣬳Ϳתͷȥǰ޵ά˹
˵ȣΪֻһͻƣûͻƣ
˫ֲڿ㶵棬ӿȵŭӣų
걳ҺǰһʱҲͻƵڵһ㣬һվڿȵǰһվάǰҲֻŶԷ
ȽŭάĿת˹άģҲʧˣĿ⽥ر
꣡
һԶԶӢı˹׼ľˣ˳ǰų꾴һ
Ҳһ׼ľ񣬱¶ţһ˿ʽİ꣬㲻ܾһ巢ľҪɣ
˵Ҫи󵽰ɣ
άҲм˵Ҿ͹ʲô޹أƾʵ
ƾʵ
һѷ˹ĿɨȣάͱȻ˵ҵĶ֣Եһͳң
εҡͷЦЦ⻹ǲСЩ˵ԼСչ⼸һֱ⡣
ǰڵҿɻ㣡
ѷĻ䣬ȣάͱͬسѷȵ
𣿡
ѷɫ˹Ȼ·˲ѷͷۣӰХŴ򱬿
ҺһΣѸٵսȦѷǳſȣάͱȥģ֣˶Ըһʤ֮䡣
ѷͻȻ⣬ȫû뵽ѷ󵨵ͬʱ˷
⡭ֱǳ裡
СͬһֻѸڻضֻֻѷʺʮֽȥһѪâ
άһ˿ӣϵļȻ
˺
·ĺ󱳴м䱻ѣ˫ߵǰץȥ׼ӲѷһţȻ˫ץסѷȣֶϡ
ȴǺѷһ˫ڿߣ뺷ӭѷ
ڿеѷпųüëĿȲûжѷĽš
顭
궼ܹعǵ
顭
ѷ˫źͱ˫ŶԻΣһշȥ䵽֮ĵ
ά˫ûץѷĴȣͬѷĽҲûߵάͻȻӰУһֻ˳ץסάͷ漴ݺݵ·һ
顭
άһԴУһͷݺݵײ˵ϣͿһѷĽ¡
Χۿ߶ˣһһغϣһ
ʤ
ȺͱſڵϣһһģѪ˳ŵ˳
վѷĲ෽һ˫üëһ£۾˸𾪡ѷʵԤϡ


276 
ҺŰȻѷսɢ˳˼ͬʱǰһ
ѷĿ˳꣬ŵư˵ǿԾ˰ɣ
ɫʮѿ˫΢΢𡭡
ֻ΢Цȴû
Ȼ䣬ѷüëһĽ£Ⱥάͬʱ֣һץסһֻš
ͬûһطһһҵץסѷĽȥҪѷ˺顣
ಡ
һıȶȻԾһñֱͬ糵һ˿ѷԴɨ˹Էƣ˸оһʯҲᱻһɨ÷顣
Һ̶ס˽ŲѷѾ価ɱ֡
ѷһ˿ȣ˿ѾظоȺάץԼ׵֣Ѿﵽڵһ۷壬ͻƵڶơ
˫ץסҺĸ첲ĸ˶óȫǱ̫һ顣
ʱֵΧѾΧ˺ܶߣĶСһжʣԼѷĵزĿ
顭
ѷеľȱĹâȻһ٣˫žȻû棬ֱסͬʱ⣬߾ٹһʽⴸűĴӭȥ
ϣȺάȻûѷĴȡѷ˫˵棬ͬʹһ塣
顭
ѷⴸͱСȹײһ𣬶Ĺźŷ˳ȥ
͵ʹⴸͬĿһѷʵѾ൱ڵĲ㣬Ȼ͡
ʹʽҲͣûһ˿ࡣ
顭
ѷ˫ͻȻ˳ȥ߳ȥĻеɳʯ
ȺάԭѾˣղŲǱԼǱ˵ӱѷ߷˳ȥӺݺݵײǽϣǽƤһƬ
顭
ӴӿصˤڵϣһķԵظ߱һѾˡ
ΧѷĿⶼȻξУߡȻ׻ѷǸѷδ˳ɳһηߡ
ߣ˲䱻ѷɾظɵˣԭսⰻȻҺҲĿһ֪ԼԲѷĶ֡
һӢеȱװߵ˱ߣ˫ڱСһһȻֱѷ
ѷսⲢûΪɾػ˶˥䣬ӵظ߰Ŀ˳ꡣ
꣬徻ˣǿԽǵľˣ
ʱҲϷǺͰ޵߽Ⱥά̧ȥȴǸеȱĲվܾ˷أǼվ˽ֵѷͳȥ
ѷںתųŽֵȥȻתų꣬ɣ
ֵȺţмóһط
ѷȥÿһ֮ǰһ㣬룬Ƶû˿ı仯ÿһϵƾ͵һ֡
ѷضų꣬ƵĵӸͲһµȱܹ߱ġ

еȱҲܾơ
ѷоԼɾػȡõĸ߰ƴʱűѹƵơ
ٵȥˣ
䡭
δѷƣֵĵĵ澹Ȼȥһ磬һѷͬ֩һӡ
Ƥһѷȭͷ˲ʹһȦҼͬһʯ
ľʼУһܹԽսˣȻľԶԶسѷȴСƶԷ˭֪ʱԷûǲҲܹԽս
ʨӲȫ
µȱϵƻмײΧ϶¶أû˻˵µȱҲȷʵµȱ
顭
˵岢ûнӴֻƵײм䱬мʱ䳾
ѷˡ
ͬһֻܣſҰͬһɽһسųѹ˹ȭ֮ȻȻڵŵı졣
ѷһ뵽ʮ׵ķΧڵʱ򣬳ŵľظоԷѾﵽǧԶԶسڵĲ㡣
顭
̤ǰһ·汻һ̤飬ʯͬһǰȭһ򹫽ŶԷȭͷײȥ
ء
һȫԵȵײѷȫû뵽˾޴ֻһɴָǣ۶ϵźշ
ڿ䵽˵߲Ѹٵһơ
ǳ겢ûг׷ǵұ۲סѷ
ѷ³һ԰׵ɫָһ˿Σʵ˵ˣ
СӣһеȱȺ˳ųϵµȱװʵѾһµȱ˰ɣ
국һЦѷҲ𣿡
ãǸϳ⣬ֱ˵Ҳеȱûе֮һ
ŶԷԷҲ˳ɵʵҲѾΪϵȱʵڵˮ׼ǲԼη塣ǣԼƾʲô
ôңüëһ¶˲м
ҡҡͷ¶˺Ͽ֮ɫһ̣ı˵ͳȥƹִŵ¹һŵ¹Ǿ䡰ũҵҡı͸Ϊ񣺡ǶеȱǻŲɣ
ϱɫһͣǵô˵ȴܹϣֻгһͷ
ȻԭһȼģôӦȨܾɣһɺģ
ˣԷûֱӻش⣬ǲм³֡


277 Խ
һָҡҵ˼ԭԾܾսҪĻܵøһͷɣȻˣҾԲҪӮˣǾͲˡ
Էˣ꿴ȴûһӮ
һᣡ
˭еȱսӵĶӳǷ͹ѾԽеȱķ룬ѾͻƵ˽򹫽
ôꡣ
ԣóʲôĶעնᱻӮȥ
ų꣬аһ̰ƹҪǮҪˡ
ʱ򣬳ЦеһߴӺ󱳳ǰѾƷһ˵ǧҪóݣôҲúѾƷɣ
ĿһƷļֵǲͣԼϻûܹѾƷġ΢΢üͷѰ˼һ£ʼѵȻѵ˿ӣĿһϴһ¡
ûͣǵ־ͰǼ¸ǼµĵԷǳغã֮˺Сһš
ʱֻһĽڿ㣬µݸվԱߵѷȻ˹ؽٴδϣȴûȥ£¡ļų˵Сӣ²ǰѾƷȼҲ˰Ʒô
۾һЩװѾǲˣǿ͸ķѾһ˽⣬൱ƷԷ¾ȻǰƷ껹ʲôġ漴ͷãҴӦս
䣬Ѿų˹˫ڵߣϸղűѷ̤γɵʯͬһſӵһλδǰ֮ǰѾ˹ڿзӵƿյļ
顭
ϲڵһ̤ϵʯͬһſӵŶ漤ȥͬʱѾӵԾ治һתŻйȥұñֱڿͬһ糵һȥ
̫ȭҵޡ
顭
˫ֻ˲Ӵһһȭͳҵ޲ͣײ˫͵໥Գ壬һĺ
ԾҲԾû뵽ԷȻԽĻʱĻѾǧٹȴӽ򹫽óڶ̶̵ļζײԴơ
ֻԾ˲䣬漴Ͼ¶ЦѾ֪ƾԼԿѹ꣬˫ۻƵʸӵؿ٣ıΧʯĴ
˫ȭ˫ȭײһȥһĿͬһ̹ųײǱѸۡ
顭
˫䵽˵棬͵ýʯɣͬһڵŶȥ
úã
һٶһ죬ѾЩͷԼһеȱսӵĶӳеȱһ֣Ȼһµȱֵڣһֳ衣
һνӴȭǱֻһӴͱ죬һִӲر˫ۣ˫۲Ŵ󿪣ʧȥ˷
漴ȭգͬһĹȫȭ籡˳ȥ
̫ȭ乭仢
һ˿ţҲǾþɳϱβ֪һȭŵĺ
̫⣬ǱϾϱʱ˫ҪջѾˡ˫ڵһߣԾͬʱҽͬһ˴ǹҪųȥ
ǣ̫ͻȻλδȫԾҲδֱҲ˵Ǹ˴ǹʱġ
顭
дǱһȭݺݵغСϣǸ˴ǹδγɣرˡ
Χۿ۾һţǶͷѵҲؿСһķš
ڿбƽ׳º˳ȥ
顭
ʮ֮ĵطصˤ䡣
ݺݵ³һⳡսƺܿʵڳ˵ҲɡǱҪ·硣
ߵ˴͵վһֻµѷǰָָָеİƷ¡
ѷɫ΢䣬һ˿壬ؽµݸ˳ꡣӹ˷ŲڵϵľƷȥ
꣬ɸһսһŭ
ͷһԷһϵȱҪǷŵǰԥӭսһͶԷһͷǣʶеȱʵ֮󣬳СӢ˼
ԷȻϵȱľװʵѾͻξ𡣳겻ûһս֮ǿ¾Ҫ˵ǰԼĵƣ˾֮ȫع⡣ǳ겻ҪģֻǻͷһǸϵȱתͷžƷȥ
Сؼš
ԡ
꽫Ʒӵϰ˳˺󱳵ĽڡͷǸǷһ˿ϵȱµȱӳս
Ĭһ
һӻսһϵȱսӶӳɢ˳ߵ˳ǰŶǸϵȱսӶӳĬ
ĬĬ߻¥ǰվڻսӵȺŽֵȥ
ĬɫҲ֣һʤľ档˵ʤʵת˲֮䣬˭ھʱ״̬һЩʢһЩնɱֵĿܡ
νֻһ˲䣡


278 
ԣԵ״̬ҪȿĬãҪȿĬʢ

ΪʤΪһȻ״̬ҪãҪʤ
ǣ棬ĬܹӦս
ܣ
Ĭһһ߹ûǿسÿһƶһ֡
ϵɢˣֻ˲ͬһʵƳ
顭
Ѿսһ𡣹ȻһʼԾռһ˿ơ
ܳСͷɻԶ˹ֵϿգÿһܷɻˣûܷɻȻͣڿС
ɻĲŴ򿪣ÿһܷɻĲ߳һˣôڿСһǻˣһˡ
е˶һۣ˴⣬Ȼ·ԺͿĬһۡ
ֻһۣռͷ·ˡ
ԺͿĬȻܹƶֺͲܿƵŸԵĺȥֱ˵˸ԵӪϵʧָɡ˵ȴû˿𾪣һֳݵĿ⣬̧ͷ˿еˡ
˫ֽһһź˧ֻгΪ˧߲ܹշУ
ʱÿһߵĿⶼ𾴺ͳݣ˶˵ϵĴڣһӷܶĿꡣ
ǡ
ǵĿͻȻֱˣ沿ΪͻȻֵľϲʹ㵲ıΣһּ㣬ﵽ˷ܵ۷ıǵϡ
ʱ򣬴Сͷɻ߳ˣͬնƸӵذ磬Ŀӵ䡭
ϵߴʱ·ʧ˫۾УǳҲ⡣
еתͷһۡ
䡭
ܹۿ֮ĿγһȦ˵
ս񻪹ͺͿ
ÿߵжźУûԪ׵ƬȴûмͺͿƬ
˾ǵеżÿһߵǵ˵ľѾԽ˹磬ȫ𾴺ͳݡ
˵Ԫ׷ҲЩ߻ܾǻͺͿûκһ߾ܾ
˵ϵ߲Ŵ˹ĺ󱳳һ亹һ˿塣
ȻԼѾﵽƷ弶ľҲǻͺͿĶ֣̫ˣ
νǾһнΪδȸı˹򡣡еĿ˵ƺһħߵľ񶼼˺ָı䣬ǲҪ֪
ֻҪס͵һֽײζЩ˴ȣΪ˷ֳĸ޵߸ǿȷһĿ꣬ǾҪڽΪ˧ߡ
˧ߣ
ÿһﶼźһ仰
˫ĿᶨĹâҪΪͻһ񣡡
еĻͺͿȥˣÿһߵѪҺֻΪͺͿ¶һ棬˵˼仰
ɷǣ
ŻͺͿѾʧĿУһ֮ȶȥ
߽ɢȥҲĴߣϤһ°Ľһֻļһ£˲ǰ˳ȥصʱѾת˹һơ
͵Ŀ꿴˹˵һ䡰תȥ
һʽĿ鷿ڣĺ浭վĳꡣ
Ͳûͷųѹǳĺȴ˺ˮֻ鷿·Ϊһ壬·ֻҪԸ⣬ֻҪգգ۾ܹ촷ۡ
ܽţ֪Ի͵ݵλͻ֮鲻ù͡ѵԼģ
Լ⣿
뵽ǿŽķû˿ƲԼǻҲС
ǣǣ͸ûͻ飬ʳһû⡣
׼ھ
ǣȻʮ⣬껹̼ᶨػش
Ǽҩо
ٴһ˿⣬Ǽᶨҡҡͷ
鷿ڳĬһͻȻʳһҡһ仰һأ
Щҡˣ˵Ľᶨ
뻪ң
û˵ʲôԼȢ˻˻ôԼ
ţ
ҳҲΪԼ˻ҾһܹȢҲδؾܹûͽҵԴԼбڽһ㣬ҲΪŮΪԼֵô
Լкαȥ뻪ң˿᣿
Բ𣡡ҡҡͷ
ϵɫû˿ı仯ų˵꣬Ҫ֪һλᡣ˵ԺûĻᣬ˴Ƚ֮ǰ㲻ܹһ˴ȺͬǳΣա
Ȼû˵ϵɫѾ̬ȡ
ˣȥɣͰ˰֣꾴һתȥߵſڵʱ򣬱˻͵꣬һӣϣܹŻ
лл
ͷٴξһ񣬴߳⡣
Ľ
פҡ
ֱڵϣվߵǰ棬˵죬һӢޣϷҵ߽ᱻͶŵͬһĲͬص㡣ĿǸʮ죡
Żɫ¶ΪȻı飬˵׼ǴȱֻҪ㿸öеȱã


279 Ǳ
һеɫôȱãζļΣա
ɫӣ¶ɫǵĵ˲һ
˵ȣｫΪǵĵһˣǿֲĵˡ
ǸҲףǾŽ׵ҲкܶࡣһͨԼأһ㲻뿪ԼأֻҪǲȥǣҲϮЩ
ǵĵڶ࣬ЩΪﷸ˲ˡУȴˡҲزȥֻܹǰǱïܵɭ֣ǲ飬Ǻһܹ࣬ϸѵߣвнߣǶǵв
ǵ˾ǸҵߣҲ˵ǻӢ޺ϷĸˡĹǱ˴ΪС
ԣҪֵˣֵĳ̶ֳϽʵǡҶֻһҪ󣡡
˵ĿɨߣŻ
ʱӢ޺Ϸĸҵפзͬ顣ɢȥ߶ȥıѡʺԼ
һƬ̲ϣӢϵȱսԱ߱š
˹쿴߾ǻǸ߹ߣҲôʵһֱ˥˵Ļ߶򲻹ߵʵҰ˥ˡ
ǵıҲǰˣһУ˵
ǸӮνı䲻˾ơųû䣬һҲʼ˥ˡҲٴֵӦóΪףڶս֮ǰӢԭףҪǵ
ǰ޺ϷǣǾͰЩﶼɱ˾ˣҪ棬ӢˣӢʱˡ
׳գ
ӭ˿ĬȻϵȱķװʵʵȷʵѾﵽξ
Ĭ˹ϷʵſĬ˵дҪҪҽ̽ʲôߣ
ĬĿɨӢ˵һϰɣ
Ĭӿɱ⣬Ӣ֪ߵغ񣬾Ȼ˵˥ˣԶ۷壬κ¡
͡˹ЦһӢһĹȣǲֱûй徫ɣ档ģҲɱ㣬ȥˣһҪߡ

Ĭеķŭﵽ˼㡣
˺
˲䱻ļѣֻȭͷʹһȦ˫ڵϽ̤ɳ̲̤Ĵͬһ̹˳嵽˲˹ǰһʽȭÿ˳ƵХ˲˹̫Ѩ
˹¶һ˿Цоâ˸̧˿Ĭְȭ·ߡ
Ĭһ˿ݣаѾξһϵȱҪסҵİȭ
Σ
顭
Ĭİȭʮʮغڲ˹񵲵ֱϣûеĲ˹˳ȥȭͷϵƤ飬Ѫɽͬһְϡ
Ĭֳʹ֮ɫɫ˲԰ס
𾪵һ˲䣬һȭͷ˲Ŵ
顭
ܵһʶ˻㱣ԴܿƵ׵Ȼ׵ûжϣȴѾշ˳ȥ
ɳ˲䣬㱵ظоԼ˫űһ˫ץסžͱ
䡭
Ĭݺݵر˦˵ϣȻͻ˹ȥ
ǲ˰
˹ͷһѪԲѵĿĬҡҡͷһڵԵĿʼ
ũܵפһǰ죬˳Ÿ¥գǰаףһȽյĴš
ŵʿǹվڣʱյĴˡһŴ󽫵ľװһٽľװ
Ǹ󽫽ĿŹԼٽ˵ľ
ˣ
Ѿ÷ǳǸǴδżвЩԭѾ˥䣬ǸվĶ㣬Ϊ񻪹͡
һҵǿʢΪһ˶ǿʢһ̫ǿ̫һ
ǣĳ˻˥䡣鱨ѾľӴڣֻںھͽ׵ĻһԶĸһ׸ĹὫߵǱھ򵽼¡
ֽǴҪģԳֻ֣Ҳֻܹ֡һΪǴһǱ
Գ꼤оҪЧǴܣ
սӽһõĻᣬϾ뿪أǰĵص㣬ϧһдۣɱꡣ
ˣ
פ
˽뵽⡣
Ѿ׼˱ЩɶƵģʲôŶصĶҲ˺ѣֱ͵ֵƷķµĲϡ
׼װ֧ǹϾڽɱʱǹõ
ꡭ
ЩֱǾеľӢÿ˶ǹǾͨ껹ڴŴЩжʱ޴µѾʼжˡ
һԵ֣һزжһ߿ų꣬ʽǿͨʹҲͰˣսӻҪԼǹŵӦ֡ǲǲǹǺǡû뵽Ҳ㲻ġ
ڲж޴ҲЦܹ꣬ʵ̶ȣûʱϵǹҲһҪ˵һ£Ϊǹ
һԵͯսħսԱ޴º֣硭


280 
ʱ򣬳ѾѡʮǹԼǰԴʱòжһǹ޴º֣綼˵꣬Ҳתͷһۡһ㿴ڳǰʮǹʱŵ˵꣬ⲻ׼ʮǹ߰ɣ
Եľ˴ҵĿ⣬ҵĿⶼų꣬ǹŪʮǹǰʲô
ѵ˵Ϊǹ׼ѣ
ǡҲ̫˰ɣ
΢΢һЦ˫ͻȻ

˫ֿٵظץһǹֻһеǹͱһڰϡ



ֻǼʱ䣬ʮǹһ

ž
Եļž
һ˫˫۾𾪵ų꣬·˹һ㡣
ꡭ
˫пʼһͬڳָľ飬ֻʱ䣬װõǹͷ˳ǰ
һ޴ǹ
һѴǹ

޴µһ¾Χ˹޴º֣һץһǹŵǰţȻ󲻿ŵų꣬죬ͬʱĴָˣ
װ֧ǹһ֧޴󣬴ϽѾǹĸѾһ֧Сˡ֧ǹҲоޣֻܹǹǹ֧ǹҲͻˡ
һ֧ǹʵҲǹķΧصǾ룬Ѿһ֧ǹľࡣ
֧ǹȴȫ仯ⲻܲЩϱĿ࿴
ȴǵһЦֿʼѡǹȻٵװһ֧ǹ
ʱ򣬴Ҷܵ˳Ĵ̼һҲʼԼҪȻװ
ʱĴţ֧ǹһ֧ǹѾòˣѰ
ѰһΪΣѾ˳ֵʶųԽŽڣŽӱĸҵߣνΣءЩܹԼİȫҪһ
ĴһȦȴûзԼҪ¶ʧ
ȡһǹǰǹŵ棬ȻȥѰҺװǹ׵ӵС
ܿͽӵҲŵ˱棬ЩĵʧվŶѡһСʱ֮󣬴ҲװʺԼǹװӵ໥кȥ
ų꿴мŵģתͷʵ޸磬Ǽŵʲô
֪޴ҡͷ
תͷŲԶ︺һξ٣Ǽʲô
ǸξЦŵĶڣ̹ˣװ׳֮
۾һ٣ҿԿ𣿡
ԣǸξЦֻҪܹ̹ı԰̹˱ߡ
һ߶Ц
ȴûЦߵξĸǰǸξסˣԭΪڿЦû뵽껹Ҫȥ
ҲΪҲȥѲܹĽ̹˱߲ɣ
ȻҪͿɣ
˵ˣҪʲôǸʲô
ξʿŴ򿪣껺شӼȴǰ߹Ŀɨ
޴µ˶վԭشЦų꣬ҲΪûмЩҪһ񫡣
ǡ
ĽŲͻȻڵǰͣȻͳ˽ȥ
ξ޴µɫһ㶣Ҳǰ˹ȥҪ꾿Ҫʲô
ǵҰУʱվһװ׳ĸǰ۾װ׳ϵRH06ʹڡ
RH06ʹǻոƳһָڣӵڵƵʿ죬Զ󡣱˵ˣǽںĸְҲܹ͸
ǡ
Ǵװ׳䱸Ҫʲô
ҪǸڰɣ
Ǹֿܲξ޴µеɵ
Ҫ֪ǴȻ󣬵Ϊ޴ĲʶǸܶȺϽƳɣôһܴһǧ⻹ûڵ
ԳȻ⣬ҪĴܣһܾʮ졣ɽɭܣǲƽأУ޴ҲоԼԲ
ɵˣ
ɵˣ
ΪǴʱѾ￪ʼжˡ
ҲжٶȻǳ죬ֻǲʮʱ䣬꽫һڸȻѴ󱳰ȡȰǹһǹȡ˳ӵҲȡ˳ȻͰǸڷ˽ȥְ°ӵŽ˱ǹ嵽䣬ǹ˺󱳣֮ܵԱߵһԱߣνӸǴ򿪣׵ʱ¶Цݣȥ̴׵Ž˴󱳰棬Ȼű˴󱳰޴˹
ˡ
޴һĭ꣬Ҫһ
ţͷ
꣡޴µɫࣺǰĵμΪิӣһ϶顣
Ѱ˼һ£޴ջʵʵ˵ϴҵĺȡ
΢Ц˵׼ж
ʲô޴µɴ۾ôУ
ΪʲôУЦֻǴʮ죬ûҪж
ʵĽ֮󣬾;ԼжΪŵʯڵȼߵѪҺߵ벻ЧȼԽЧԽãȼ͵ĸûáұʵѪҺǾġ
ҪǱոɱǰҲԹЩĵȼԴ֮⣬һҪԡ
ǣҪɱͱõҪ֪ܣԱҪж
Ҫ㱨㲻޴²ų˵


281 ɱ
ͷû֪޴¶𣬵ѾҪж
޴»ȥ֮˻㱨޴ֵû˵ʲô޴ȥ
֪ǣȥ̺֮ȡϵһСʱ洫ϢҪܳ꣬Ըôô
ʵҲǳ˧ͳ굥̸һЩʲô֪ھܣܹġͬʱҲ׳ǵõͷӣǷͬһӡ
ȻͷѾָʾ㽫޴ºͳ˹޴µͬ굥жȴضҪСġ
ȻǲסصͷǽĹģȻһݸм
֮ظ֪޴£սԱж޴Ϊжܶӳ
޴ºͳ뿪İ칫֮޴²ֵؿųꡣʵǸ㲻ףʵǿһξսԱǿɣ˵УսԱˡ
ǣΪʲô굥жȴ겻˵жأ
ΪˣҲ֪ʵҪʣʵĲҪʡԣֻдһӵԻصסء
ڿлصֱܾɻСʱķһΪХƽԭ
ȻҲɽȴǺνϵͣ󲿷ֶƽԭҲδ̽ɭ֡
ֱڿзֿȥҵսԱƬڴԽ䡣

һƬԭʼָǣӿȥ˴ȫ״
߿
д͸ʮ־ˣֱ͸˵ĶĤ˵ʮֲ
ѰȥͻȻһЩȻ࣬ҲʮֻǾ޴ͷͷ­ļ죬˿ֲٶȣеսԱһ
ͻͻͻ
ֱװˣıдĲҽֻϱѪŵȥµĶʮֻ޴ĳһȣ˲Զ̷ֱΧ
ʱ򣬻СǣǵھͿʼˣڴֱȥ
ʱ򣬳սԱΪʲôڳʱ򣬾ǶװԭΪܹԼڿиӵһЩܹһЩܺ͹Ĺû˿
ֻӵнɡôڿеʱЩֻҪצڽɡϻһ£Щ˾͵ˤװͲһˣװڿлغھԽʱſɡǸʱ㽵ɡץ飬Щ˵ʵҲ̫⡣
ÿ˶֪ǵĿ鿪ʼˣȻԶһֻֻضǣǾ˾ԷΪְȻмţһǺɵشӲ˳ȥ
ֱ˳ȥ֫ſͬһֻһڿмػС
ֱսԱȫȥ̺֮·˻ȥûһ˿ЩսԱ˼
߿
ʮֻܹ˺ǵֱѾȥų׺ط˹
ѣÿһսԱֱ֮󶼰ڳ˸ƣŵ温ȥҪؽ䵽ϡڿк̫ԿûзĿܣֻܹӱܡ
Ϊǵ֫ſ˫ͻʧȥãһͷȥ

һսԱץ壬ѪڿС
һֻų긩ſ˫۽бҷٵת˹ȥֻһ˶ա
߿
ֻŭˣڿһٴųɳ˹ŷ˳ɿǰȥĴų򣬷ɿźͳ֮ľ롣
꣡
ſ˴ųĴҧ˹ȥһƫڿмٵתҧ
Ǻֻܿ׷˹ſ˴ųҧ˹ͷҧϣûܣȻ˫һ
ꡭ
ĴųĽŵװ˹ȥʱ򣬳˫źݺݵϡ
顭
һӾͱ߷˳ȥڿһ·ȴǽüͷղһſǧٹǾȻûǸֻǰ߷˳ȥ
߿
һ͸˶ĤУֻ߷ɵԴ󷢣ڿס֮󣬷ų˹ͬʱڳҲһֻ
һϵ硣˫֮˲͸һǹ֧ǹǵȥƹִʱǼ깺ģ뿪ʱ˳ӽԼС
вǹһѾѻǹͼűը֮ǰ
ʱѶʮǹ˫չñֱǰţʮ׾Ѿȫչ
Ҳ෽Ƚ˳ʮһһչڳԺС
Ȼ䣬б·ȥֻ˲굽·Ȼת˫ֱͬ糵һΪתţÿֻеǹתϷ׼ĸʱ򣬳ٵذ⶯
һһ
һһ¡
Զ壬ֻ˲ͽ
ֻһ˲䣬ĸʮǹ·һѪʮѪ˳ֻŵ׹䡣
еǹսԱ𾪣ڿпǹѵ˾Ͳˤ
ǹķȥ
ʱĳ嵽һ·һֻ
ǣǽ˲䣬ͻȻΪķתֻеǹÿתʱǹ
˵Ȼϲ


282 
̣ЩսԱѸٵȡǹȻѸٵչ֫ƽڿл衣֮бǹİ
ء
ϵɡ򿪣ɡĺŸ߿ȥȻ·׹䡣
ʱǶʮֻѾٸսӶԱɵһ併ɡŵȥ
걻һϣȡ˾ƷӸϣӰ˵ϡһʪȺܴ󣬶¶ȴҲʮȣһֳƵĸо
Ѿʼ֮ãѾ֪Եĵ˲ĸҵսӣӱɵĿֲӡҲʹſռ䡣ղڿûܹע⵽뵽һſֲǱ¶ԼܾͲˡ
ûаֻǹջ磬Уʮ׾ȫչϸעܵĶ
ûпκΣգ˵࣬ﶼûпǸоĿע
սڽ䣡
⣬ǱߣҲһľװũӱʱͨͨѶ㱨š
жˣ
ˣ
ҪӣǷֳСжͰǸɵǵװ
ǣ
ָֻ˼ž
սԱӽ䵽֮ϣÿ˶Ѹٵؼϡ׼ͳһж
ԶӵĿֲֲ¶ʧͷ㱨ǿҪжǸֲӵͻȻֳһ˿ϲһ뿪˶飬һĵӷȥˡ
ȷһ
ȷһµȱװ
ţӴ󲿶ӡ
ǣ
ɭٵȥѾ˰Ľֲ֪ԽߣĵȼԽߡҪɱһֻȻҪϵ
ʱʮϵȱһξĴǰȴų꣬ʮһ˶ǿֲӣղŵõ˽׼ɱꡣ
ѾʮСˣһһһµȱҶжʮϵȱһξǰɱ꣬ȡ˲ɱ꣬˸֮ǰȡ߳װʧ١
жܿ죬ʮ׾ȫſȻһֱûھзˣǵӽȦʱƷ弶ľԤеһ˿
˲ͣĿĴţһ˿ɣûзκһ֮
꽫еǹ䣬Ĵ󱳰ȡ潫Ǹ˳κֽ
оһּȵΣվԼΧһжİɴཫǿ˳ǰСȥ
ǰʮһĿֲˡ
꣡
ʲôʱ򵥱սװ׳ϵĴ׵ˣ
ҪǶԳ귢𹥻ûڵһʱڽɱôȴǵľʮһŴ׵Ͳ
ǣܹ֤ڵһʱͻг
СģѾ˾ξشƣʮֲӲҪǱ
ʱȫûз˼ֻҪó귢ǡ
һһǰţĿͻȻ΢΢˸һ¡
һŸʮʮһ
ʮһǱǰʱѾȫľ磬ľؿʮһ˫۾ŵע
ʱףʮһһ׼ԼˣǷɫӣлˣˣˡ
ʣЩ˾ǿֲӡ
ֻô֪Լߵ·ߣѵһֱмԼˣ
ǵģǲҶˣΪԼеĴסǡɱԼٶȣû˿ı仯ǰȥ
߳˷ȦѾ߳˾Ȧʮ֮⣬ʮһﳤһ
ǾǸոһʱ򣬳ͻȻת˹
ˡ
ڵǹתܼǹֻǲʱ䣬ʮһֲӱΧһЩִĹҲըϡΧҲһʬ壬׵ıըʮһ嶼ը÷顣
ʮһ֮Ѹٵʧٶɱٶȷӵ˼£ÿһԾʮףͬһʧڴ֮䡣
һ֮󣬼ֲӸϵ¶֮ɫһξȡͨѶ򽫾档
䡭
һУǸֲӵĽһȭԵһŹһ˿񣬴Ｗһ仰Ҿý뵽Զ

ʱѾѰһɽһֱɱȻܵ˳ŵСȻɽнս磬еҲս磬ֻƷС
ϱ࣬ٴδɽڳŴɶȥ
һ·ϣնɱԽߣĽλԽߣտʼ껹˼࣬Щ޴ǣҲҵսԱһοֲӣǳ궼ǰûбǷ֡
ų룬ټĴһλѾﵽ˾Žס
꾡ǷܹܶȥͶܹȥΪĿĲǣʵڶ㲻ȥþʮɽ˲佫ǽɱ
ԣһ·ĥ˳ĵ
ٶ̫ˣڵһҹʱ֣һءһߵ·ȥһ޴Ľڵ˯һ£׶ߣɢǿϢ


283 
룬͸磬ǰѾѻǹȡ˳ѾѻǹŽ֪Ƿܹ
һǸڵϺ˯ĽɣһǱţһδһֻʱѾһࡣ
ſһߵϣѻǹ׼˽ɵ̫Ѩ۶˰
ಡ
һӵپ׼ػ˽ɵ̫Ѩ

žҹоȻ˽ײ
䡭
ֻɺȻӵһ˫Ĵ۳ųصķ˹
ಡಡ
ӵŽɵ۾˹ȥ
𡭡
ɺվӵǰϣҲͻǰϵļëǸȴѾһͳ˼׵ľ룬˲͵˳ǰһֻ̧ųȥ
˫ڵһߣαбų˳ȥ
¡¡
ԭصĵطһŲȳһӡ
𡭡
ٴųķ˹
ಡ
ʮɽХ¹˸űĹâڽͷ­Χɱ
𡭡
ɵ˾壬ʱͷϺ;ѪܣԴһᣬӰϵѪͬһȪһشӲǻ
һץ˲佫ս磬ֱӽĲӳ˴ְӣѪŴְڹȥ
Ѹ뿪ԭأĴѰɽܿѰһɽһŽɱȻ뵽ɽ֮Уôʯסα硣
ʱ򣬴ְѾע˽ɵѪѸٵؽ·Ȼ˽ɵѪҺ֮У̿ʼоʽ
꿪ʼо巢ȣܿرо̣ͬڷˮһ㣬ҵʹʣеľʽȴŵʽƽ
ˡ
һСʱ֮󣬾˳Ŭ֮ڽʽе˵ʽڵ籡ͻƵڵ㣬ﵽǧŰٹ
ɵѪҺѾʧȥЧ꽫ɵ˳Ȼг뿪ɽɵʬ˳ȻţԶԶˮ¶ǽɵѪͬһѪĹˮķɱȥ
ȻͣоһָΣվǰ棬ΣҪǸɡ˵ǸڣôǰǸδ֪ɢѹڡ
ھ껹ҵǰһڵСӣʱڿߵİϣһֻڵͷˮΧŶʮ֧дСһСȺ
һŴ֮ϣվһϸС֦ϣ紵֦ҡ·ѾΪһ塣
֮Ǹֳ֮ɫоֻǿҪȸղֻǿҪǶһһȺȻǶʮֻĵȼûдﵽȴó겻ֻܹ󣬶Զþ﹥ֻﻹûаա
ֻӲƴˣ
ȡ˴ڣŴźӱǱ˹ȥȺʮ׵ʱǸͻȻ𳤳رӽ

һгеľ̵תͷ˳Ǳеķ
ˣ
оһ̶˴ڳȺ
顭
ӭļֻ˲䱻ͬһƵѪһ㣬Ѫ˳
䡭
˲ֻ˵ϡ
𡭡
ʣµʮֻų񱼶
顭
겻˷棬һֻֻѪɣڳǰ£ηɿغǸӽ
𡭡
ֻһͰѺӰϵһŴִĹճų˹
ǿù˺ϱô֣ĳһ˦Գڵٶų˹
顭
˫ڵһ壬ȻθߣǴִĹڳĽŵºХ
䡭
û׼ʱɸӣ˷ѪҺ
ڿУ׵ͬһľһֻֻڴ׵±һѪ
顭
һֻѾܵ˵ľĺϣ˫ھĺϺݺһ塣
䡭
ֻ˵ľԵڵϣȴǽһ֮ͬһһź󷽵ɶȥ
һִֻıڳıǼɨȻûɨ꣬Ѹ͵ıӽɨۿɼĲˣֻǿ񶯵Ĳ˾óıǿѪ
顭
׵Х׼غ˶ͷ­ϡ
ۡ
ڿеĳĿһǴ׵ǻ˾ͷ­ܹ͸ְĴ׵ȴֻһ׵֮¶棬Ȼ겻ȥ
䡭
׵ըˣ˶ͷ­ըѪɣȴ
˵ӵطſųײ˹δĸǰһֳıӾͬһޱһس˿ųɨ˹
顭
Ŵ׵ٴھͷ­ϱըǾٴˣӷ
ǡ
ɫһ䣬ھȻûӵˡ
ʱѾ嵽˳ĸǰҪϻѾˡ
ಡ
ʮɽХͬһؼͷ
𡭡
Ĵֳͬһһ˦
ۡ
ʮɽȻĴֳӸ˳ȥıҲ֮һرȥ֮һ



284 Σ
ͻȻվֻǾǰų˹ȥ
꽫弶ʩչ˳ͬһƬһȥ˾Ĺ
ǡ
ʮɽڿкϲһѴ󽣣żƿն˹ȥ
ͬһ⡭
һ˿־壬ǻûеȵӦһѾӵĲӴն
ͨ
һ˶ͷصصڵϡ

Ѫͬբĺˮ˳
˲ĸǰս磬ӽ˴ְڡ
ȡ࣬ⳡսΪȺԶ˷ѵʱЩֳĶҲЩ󡣿ºܿǰ겻ͣ˴ԼסǸɽɱȥ
뿪һ֮˹ȻһſһֻֻʬϿʼؿʳ
ֹ˴ԼһСʱһӰϢһ֮ϣҹٽľ
Ŀ·ЩڿʳʬȥĿ˸һ£˴ڵĵǡ
Ǳڵġ
꽫װ׳ϵĴж鱻߽˳ȥϢȻҲľĶС
һյϢľжϳܿҪȥɱͲҪ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪȥðɱҲһ˼
ȫû뵽жһʼʧȥ˳ټ޴ǵĶûгʱľȻɭ׷ٶ
񿴵˴ڵĵǣ֪ΧѾСˣӣʧҹɫ֮С
ڶʱ֣ɽ˳ϵżȵϲãû뵽ǾѪҺ˾޴ĹЧȻһͻƵڵڰ˲㣬ﵽǧһٹ
ѵǡΪ׶ľʽ
ҡҡͷźӱȥܿ˺ӱߣʱѾûǶʮֻʬҲֻʣ˹ǼܡˮҲ峺
˺ˮУԼϴøɸɾȻȡ·ϣƷȡУɭȥҪٴɱһֻһͻƵڡ
һøߴĹϣľŸ߱ԶѰţû˿Ľ֮ɫԼķǶԵģһҵꡣ
ľٽ¶һ˿԰ЦݣԶ˳һѵ߶
ܿ죬üë΢΢ֳûбôĴأ
ѵùӵˣ
һ
ľıȡܿЩװһֻѻǹ
ܹʡʱʡظɵ꣬ҲԸ˷һһӵ㹻ˡ
ȫ֪ԼѾΪ˱˵ľ¶һ˿ųһӽѾ׼˳üġ
СǰţѾɭֵģźܶǿ˵ǱһȺŽΧҲø괦ڼΣ֮С
ಡ
һӵųüļ˹ȥ
ӵѸٵؾ겻ʮףľѾųĵЦݡ
չˣ
ͻȻǿĵЦݽϣĿ˼顣
ǿӵһʮ׾ռ䣬̾˷ӦһΣ弶ʩչ˲㵽һĺ棬ٴܣ㵽һʯĺ档
ǿӵȻˣľϵɢȥֳȤı飬૵˼
ʯĺ棬΢΢üͷ
˭ҪɱңѵҵսԱ
ʯһҲʮ׾ͷ˳ȥȷʮ׵ûˡ
ѵҵսԱ뵽ȣǽΪʲôѵҲΪɱ
ҡҡͷӦûܣǵʵĶ֣ǰУҲǲһ
Ǿ˭
ʮ׾򣬳ĵȻࡣȻʯ¶ͷŸղӵɹķȥ
ಡ
һӵٵؼ˹
Ѹٵضӣǿӵͷ˹ȥ
ǣһ˲귢ľȻӰȴǿ׼Ĺâ
ֳɱ˭ȻҪɱңǾҪɱ׼
Ȼʯ˳ʮ׾ӣ弶չƮľٵرƽ˹ȥ
ಡ
ಡ
ಡ

һſӵХŴӳӹÿһӵ׵ض˹ȥμٵľӽ
ľɫˣʵǸ㲻һôܶԼӵ
弶
ľٽһ˿̡
ǸŰȻ˰弶Ҳһľٽǰֻ·һܵ˷ȻȻұƽû뵽һһٽȻҾˣ
ľɴཫѻǹӵ£ȡһսվŷɱĳꡣ
顭
ĴڵϺݺһ壬γеľƷͬһľ
ľֳ˲̵Ц˫սδԾӭ˿еĳ꣬һͬ˳ꡣ
ã
˲͸оԷսϵԳԲֵܹġ˫໥һαͬһƬһƮ˳ȥ˶Էһ˫ڴһߣĶӡ
䡭
߿ôľһնϣų׷˹ȥ
꣬Ӳ
ˣ
˲ʹӶԷĿжϳԷݣҲ˶ԷΪʲôҪɱԼҸղ˽룬ľҲ˶Է֪ԷȻһٽѾŵ˼㡣


285 ɱľ
弶չԶɿľ׷ᡣ
ǣʵʵ̫Ǳʹˣȴľ׷һ˳ĺԡ
һȫ꾹Ȼһ޷ĸо
ಡ
һɽͻȻڳӭľս

һһڿײľѸһȻķɽҲڿһƣ鸡ڳͷϡ
ľĿһ䵽˵ϣվ˳Ķ棬ʱȴͬ졣
û뵽껹һߡղһѷɽȻصֵסԼķһ
˵ʲô
˵ľǲͣǣΪȱپҲֻоżǰļ൱ʿ൱ξ൱УѾﵽ˴УļҲֵܹסԼһ
ľ΢΢üͷӦԼղڿûзȫԭɣ
ǣʱľͨղһо˳ĵӣľ϶ﵽ˾ż
Ȼ˵żͷųֻ൱ڴУȴζžż߱ٽ
ΪߵɲĹٶȣһٽһż߲ռơ
˭ʤ˭ܣֻһ֮䡣
ʱĳ꾭ղźľһײȴһտʼԷٽסˡǾײ֮ȴԼ˼ġ
ղֻǴæ֮ͷųɽʮûͷųһ롣ȴѶԷһ˻ȥ˳֪ԼľȫԽԷնɱ
ľû̷ż˹˼ɡСʱϢȴƽϢ͸ģ۾ֻͬ˶Է
ľϬĿһûɵһĻšĿ΢ó׽
һ̣
ڳͷϵķɽͬһһؼľ
ȣ
ľܹ㣬֪ߵĹٶȣһ˾Ʊػ·磬̶Էնɱ
ƾе£߶Ͼֻзǰⲫ
սǾߵ㣡
ľһսȫе˼ԼķɽֻҪԼɽȥܹ˲ƽꡣֻҪԼƽ˳ֻ꣬·һɱֻ˲Ϣ֮¡

ľĳݺݵ˳ķɽ֮ϡ
ˣ
ľֳһ˿Ц·ѾԴԼһ롣
ǡ
ȴ̫Ԥϡ
ûнķɽɣľеĳ޴˫һ飡
ô
ľһ̶۾һΪֿһɽ˲Ϣǰ
ۡ
ڶɽֱľʺľ﷢ǺǡͷȫĲţ
ͨ
ʬصˤڲݵϡ
ٽľ
ꡰͨһһƨ˲ݵϣڵشŴһɱһٽ˷ܣҲŽš
Լȥӵʱ䣬ƽѷɽ΢΢۾ʼ˼
ԼƷ弶ľӵеѾﵽ˽ֻǲ֪൱߽ĸ׶ΡٽнϽǴ󽫣׵ɱһٽ˵Ҳ൱һнһнҲδܹ׵ɱһٽɣѵ˵ҵľսѾ൱һϽ󽫣УǰþķЩʧԭΪԽ࣬ԽǿȴˡʹɽӻɢԿ
Ӳݵվһ
ˡ
ʮɽΧ
ȥ
ʮɽХȥ
أ
ʮɽֺХء
һɽʼʹʮɽȻʮıʮһ
֮꽫ɽ¶Цݡ
Ʒ弶ҵҿһʹʮűɽǾղŵ飬Ҫֺʹһɽһ£ʹűɽ
ʹűɽÿһɽֻʹһɽͬҲ˵ַɢ֡һ˾űɽԼͻ᲻ɱطɢ
ǣѾ㹻ˡ
ʹűɽȷȫܹɱһٽ
ٽ
ѾˣһЩԱ
ڴԼľͻƵƷһʲôܣ
ϵЦ⣬̲صĴƲ⣬Լûٷ֮һԼԽҪͻҪľԽ࣬ԼƷ۷Ӧûɣ

ãǰľĳһ£΢΢ƲƲ죬ѳҲһƷԼĵǿҲսƷս磬ְľһ飬ѳһѰЩҲŵľԼǿôȥǰѾѻǹѾѻǹǱȳǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
һʰ֮󣬳ɭȥҪɱһֻûһֻ󣬽ԼʵֱƵڡ
γڳ˽Լ֮˺ܶࡣϴԼһӶʮɽȡõЧã֪ǿķʽʹűɽκһﶼԼĶ֡
ǰеĳͻȻͣ˽ŲҵĽӡǽӡǾĽӡ
⸽һȺҲȺоһֻ󡣡
˳ȺĽӡǰɱǰ˲ãԶԶش˾
˽ŲŻٶȣʼСȺķǱȥ


286 ֮
֣߳ǰһӣЩӡںӱʧˡ
һȴ˿ټЩĽӡƺٹȥһ죬ѵЩѾ˳ˣ߹ˣ
̧ͷźӶȥһŨȻڵߣӵĶ԰
ȥӵĶ԰
̤˺ˮŶ԰˹ȥǰʮңˮѾأ꿪ʼŶ԰˹ȥ
Ũֻܹˮ
ۡ
һ೤ĴˮԾ˳Ȼ֡ͨһˮѳһ
ô㣡˿ֲ
ĸӵСģɽƮˮϣ׼ʱӦ
ˮԽԽ䣬ˮԽԽ֤ˮԽԽ
һĴӣ˵ʲô͵óһֱ

ˮֿ¶һ޴ͷ­
ԭʼ
ľһ飡
ݡ
һֱƮˮϵɽŶԭʼȥ
ֻԭʼȫû뵽ͻȻɽ˹˲Ǿ޴ͷ­һԴ

Ȼԭʼͷ­һԴԭʼ֮ǰȷʵͬһβ˦˹
ˮеĳ귴Ӧ顱һԭʼ˳ȥ
αɵ˿УɳȥʮԶšͨһ˺ˮ
һ߽űɽԼΧһ߷źӶ԰ȥʱ˿־塣
ںˮܵ˺ܴƣʱˮΧǿ޶ûеطȥޡ

ܵĺˮͻȻطУ궼ͷžܹԼٴ˹һԭʼ
ǸղԼеֻԭʼѪˣ
ʱ껹ЩԭʼԼ
ЩԭʼԼ˵ҧԼڣβͳԼ£ҲԼĹͷɢˡ
ݡ
űɽ̼˳ȥˮ
ۡ
űɽᴩֻԭʼͷ­˲䱻ѪȾ졭
óԼȫɿŶ԰ȥűɽеıͣؽɱһֻֻԭʼɽǰϬؽɱԭʼӲؿһͨ
顭
ˮһԾ˫أѾ̤˶԰
Ҳ֪ǺˮǺˮͣ·䣬ЩʹǱԭʼһβ͸ġ
ͷȥѾмֻԭʼ˺Ӱ˹
ݡ
űɽ˳ȥֻԭʼɱ֮󣬳ȿ񱼣Ѹٵ뿪˺Ӱ
ǰһƬïܵɭ֣һſžԭʼÿһҪ˲ܹϱ
ܾĵģ
Ȼͣ˽Ųо˲ԡ̫ˣ˸о
ʮ׾ͷ˳ȥɫøӵأʮ׵ľھȻûзκ
ⲻ
һǰȥСǰǱţűɽΧ
ǰ˴Լһǧңûзκһ˿ͻȻϮͷһ˿־塣
ûκԭҲûκףһָооºͿ־塣
ǳԼָоΪ֪ԼľѾﵽƷ弶ﵽ̶ȣΣձһ˿Ӧ
ǣѵԼǰ
ΧȥɭʪأּƮһ㱡
Ʒ弶ľҾͲܹҲɵֿ
ļᶨСǰǱУʮ׵ľȫſϸɨΧһС
ԶԶشȵˮ
žĴͻȻˮҲóİһ˿
ǱܵˮǱ˹ȥּû·һÿù֮䴩š
ಡ
ڵĹľһҵҡóһӽ
ಡ
ϺͿͻȻܳ첲ֵĹ٣ųƶ
һֱĵúܽΧľűɽѸٵؼ˳ȥ
ݡ
űɽڿл⣬˲佫ܳĹٽʶϣǻмٴܵ˳ĸǰ
еľƷһˮòĵĻ˲佫ܹĹն÷顣
ʳ٣
꿴ΧЩĹ٣в˼ѵΪЩʳٵĴڣûκ
л˾űɽΧƣĿ»š
ԣԼǰôãֻߵųʳ٣֤Լ֮ǰ߹ĵطûʳ١ôΪʲôû
ɫˡ
һżΪǿǳ˲Ž͵ͨǸǿеﶼе־壬ԶԶ뿪
˵Ӧʮǽλߡ
ųǰУǰˮԽԽ֣߳ǰһ¡ߵµıϣ·ȥ·ͱڰ϶ѻŨ·ʲôˮǴ·ġ
һӵڣܶͱڣ֪ס
ܾ
ˮҲû˿˵ǵ¼ʹжһҲΪ̫һҲΪµĶûзûз֡
ϸӴţͻȻƤһ˾ԼԼһ׵·ܵͱ֮һ伸ɫĻ
סüͷоֻǳϤԼƺ
겻ⲽüͷţҾԼֻأ
Ȼ䣬¶֮ɫԼмɫҲֻ֡
֮Ѫ


287 
ڻ֪ռѷʱһӰ֮֡ǲӰоǽһѧȴѰҴ˵еĲ֮ȴû뵽һȺ߳˲֮쳣޴ǿĹ¡
ؼǵǲӰ𺳣Чʵ̫ˡ
ǣ˭֪ǲӰ鹹ģû뵽ֲ֮
ȵȡ
ؾѵǲӰ鹹ģԴ磿
С
۾Ѫвðɣ
ʹвãЩܹǿǲʳҲǿ
ͱϵһͷСĲ֮ҵء顱ֻ˲˾һҪһ䲻֮ԡ
˾չжȡѷɽһһУȻȥ

ɽͱ֮ڣζסȻ󽫷ɽͱڰ˳·䣬»ʮҵʱ

һνɽͱסΣΧžűɽƣ
ַֻǼӵʱ䣬˶ף˺Ͳ֮ͬһˮƽߡͷ·ȥϾֳ֮ɫһͱϵ
˶֮£ܹ߱ӵĵײ
Ӳ̫ֻңʱڳҰУӵĵײ꿴ڽ䣬ÿһһ״֣ʮ׳
Ȼ֮ͬ֡ӰеһЩʳ֮Ѿ˾޴󣡡
ס˺֮Ҫժһ䲻֮ԣҪЩųһ£ľʮÿһɢϢ
óĵ⻹һ˶ûаԼôǰ
ǣСģǱӵµľˣʵǾЩ̫ˡ
˻˻˻
ʮֻͷͱ֮ϵĳꡣ
顭
ڽڵ鼫Ϊ꣬һһһʹӵײԾֻ˲䣬һž޴ͷŴų˹
ݡ
Ͱѷɽڿһһž޴ͷͱӵȥ
ۡ
һǻѪ˳
˻˻˻
Ѫζ˾ԣһ˻ų˻˹̧ͷŲס·ˮͱڣһҧ˫ֽ棬ɽסزͱڣٰӵϷȥ
ʱﻹͣͱ֮ʮֻǺʲô
죬ЩҲ
µһ˲䣬ʮֻҲ˳ͱζһԾ˿Уʮգգųع˹
ಡ
䵽˵ϵĳ꣬弶չűɽΧ裬ͬʱȡ˴ڣɿؽаϡ
Χųζִβŵųɨ˹ϵʯɡ
βų˹ҪǱϣҲѳ
ſѪڣųҧ˹
һĻóľ˽ɽеİѷɽʣŵţ赲βͬ͡ʱ۶еİ
顭
ڿ棬һſŴ׵˵ϵͬʱŲһμߵĹ
͸¶֮ɫǴ׵䵽ϣȻֻըǵıƤܹ˺
պϿգɽȻһ̶ȵ˺ȴûдﵽɱԷĳ̶ȡ
ǾԲд󾪣ǳԽĴڣ
ǷɽֻܹнߣҲвȥȻھܹɲС˺ȴҲӼŭ˾
겻ںЩսսʵֻڰ˲㣬һβͳġֻԶսܹԼľߵܡ
СĿռڣ弶ʩչ˼£ͬһ˿Ʈ˳ȥȻ񱼡
ʮʮ׳һֵľٵų׷ȥʮһ׷ƺˣǰĹ׷۶ϣʯ׷顣
һ߽ٶ˼£һ߷ɿ˼ţղԼ֮ɱ˵һǾűɽͬɱһ˵ұҵһխ·ֻܹһͨȻлͰѷɽԸһűɽһֿԽɱһЩ̫ˣǲһǻʼ
һһ߾Ŀһϲһ£ͨǵ¶ֻһ׿б¡

ҷɱȥ

һֻӴӰĺ󱳳˹ȥ罫һģˤڵϡ
顭
ŵ±һǱ˫±ٶȻӿ죬ÿһȥʮס
ǣǱĵ̫󣬲һӵʱ䣬һʮڷɿؽӽ
ಡ
Ծ˸ߵأ̻ͷ׵к
顭
ܼĴ׵ѾֻԶбн׿ͬʱĴڼһкȥ
ܼĴ׵ȻܹоϵغҲʧȥٽһ
ǣֻһ˲䣬һѾ嵽˸ǰһѪų˹
顭
űɽͬʱ˾ѪУȻ˽ȥһӳ߳˹ȥ


288 ʳ֮
䡭
ӳԳȥûгȥһ룬űɽͷֱӾŸǶȼʳ롣
ಡ
űɽХأʱһžűɽХɱȥ
űɽȫǾֵܹģɱٶȷǳ졣
ȴٶȸģǾǴӵٶȡɱ˵ʱ򣬡ǡһûӵ
Ѿ׼һǡո£һһоѾ˳УǸһֱ׵ţȻһ˲û˴׵һʱûӦǣûеȵӦеĴ档
ǵнɱֻʱеĴһηˡǡһľѾǣûٷӵͣٵһ˲䣬˻ų˹ͷѪľ
ոǰһףĴּ棬һСڵһĴ׵ٴصغͷϣһǰֺҡҰڣŭ˻
ٴνɱֻǴٴοյͷһֱֿ׵ľ׼˻һһӾʹܵ˳ǰһѪܵĴͷ֮ſȳĴڣųɶ
顭
˫һ壬ͬһڵһź󷽷ˣͬʱ˵УǴ׵һк˹ȥͬʱűɽҲɵٴνɱһ
ʱһȴҲ˸ߵأ£ƽ˾
ಡ
һշֱȥҲѸٵضһѷɽͱ֮סӡ
ݡ
űɽп裬̽ͷǸͷʵ÷顣
˻
ǸһֱĴ׵ͷѪľʱںˣͷܣôˣһִ·űɽХֻ˲㽫һֻɱ
Ѹٵؽֻͷ­ľս磬ӽ˴ְڣȻǰɱӽһƨ˵ϣҡҡͷ˵ϡ
ۼˣϵģоϵġɱʮҲЩ͸֧Դǻ͵ġ
֪ʱµʱѪ̫Ũ˵ʲôʱͻǿ
վ·ȥһһ߽ʬ嶼ս硣Щղ׵򲻶Ƥ£˵гԤϵľϲ
ɿ뿪ߵأһСʱҵһɽɽþʯ֮󣬲Ž뵽С
һ뵽磬̽뵽֮СʱеҪ侫תľʶͬһӿֻСʱʱ䣬ľͱһŲСľ
˳оԼȻܱڵȴһա
ǣ겻ܹȡѾȥСʱٵȥְڵѪҺˡ
˴ְԣ·µѹ⣬Ȼ󽫾˳˽ȥʼڵΰʽ
һУ̸о¡¡ѪӿԼڣƶԼڶȥ
䡭
ֻ˲䣬ͻƵڣ˲ĵõȫĻָȥ⻹û꣬Ѫƶųΰʽǰóһ
֮ѪǻʼҲӦôЧɣ
ΰʽ
Ȼһ飬ȻתŶڵϵЩȥЩҲǱɽӾǸн뵽ڣһУȻ󽫾ʶϵġǵͷ­Ǳ
ֻһ۾ͷ­о¶𾪡Ǿͷ­͹Сע⿴ǿ
ǲǼɵĽǰɣѵЩϵطʳ֮Ȼķݻˣ
ԣ
һ
ѪҺôΰʽ˳ף
Ϊ֮ѪѾһ˿Ѫתԭ
һ˿Ѫľ֮ѪԳǾ޴ģʵϵƽһֱʵͻƵڵ㣬ͣ
վڳʱѾȫָ´ϵ϶۷״̧̬ڿһա
顭
оڳ˾޴һ̣ﵽǧ
ӳ˳뿪磬Ȼ󽫴Ƴ磬ѪҺ˻ȥȻзɱһСʱѰҵһСϪԼϴˢɾŴȡ·ϡȻǸӷɱȥ
ܿ죬ӵ棬·ȥɽͱϲ˼壬α䵽˲֮ĸ
ŹǣǸʱһභԣڵͱϲϵӶﻹʣµһٶ䲻֮ժȻս
Сʱ󣬳ֻصǸɽһν뵽ɽڣþʯɽŽ뵽֮ڡ
ѡһأ֮ȥ˳µһ䣬ܹһٶʮ߶䡣
Ų֮Щԥⲻܹ֮ԣԼܲܳ԰
еɫؼᶨһ£໨ܹоƬꡣһӽ䶼ԽȥժһƬҶ˽ȥ
Ƭ֮ҶһУ̻Һ壬˳¡һˬĸоӣһֱӵÿһ䣬ó·áˬ궼оõ
һĸо


289 
һ˵ϣϵӤһ΢Ц

ʱĳһӤĸױڻҡĸо
оԼ巢˱仯
ˡ
һӳڴ˳ͻȻ

оԼȫƤ⣬ǣ裬ڷһָƵʵƵʷǳߣ˳괴֪ٱ
оԼԭΪѾúܳ׵Ƥ⣬ǣ裬ٱһ͸˵ˡڲסرųһ˿˿ںɫʡ
ﵽĿĵҩžҵʹǷʳⲻ֮ȴû˿ʹͬƶˣһִδйĸо
ڲݵϣϵӤ΢Цʱʲôȥ룬ҲԸȥ룬ָֻоס
ܲ룬ΪоԼı仯ֱ仯ųʺھǱô򵥣ڷı䡣
ĸϸڷһַԾһʵĸı䡣оԼڵӵʢڸӵش

Ǵ
ͬʱһִҲɢ˳
һжôȻôͷ·Ǳĸ׵
ˡ
ãоԼ˿׳󣬾ؽ뵽Լʶ
ڳʶڡ
ǸԭֻȭͷСҺڿʼ󣬶ٶȷǳؿ٣ڳĹ۲УѾһС
ˡ
ľͻƵƷΧ֪̱øӵӵƷľһеĸ֪
Ʒľͷʼڵ⣬ͷŵɨ衣һɨһ𣬼ȵؾϲ
Ѿ˾޴ı仯ԭʲáΪʲã˳ҩ̶ҩҺ顣
ǣĳͨɨȴ֪Լ巢ʵĸı䣬ԼǸʲٵĳ꣬Ǳϼѵʡ
пϲ⻹ֻǷʳһ䲻֮ʳȥᷢʲô仯
ֲͨ߷ʳ˲֮֮ǿԼȻ֪ﵽʲô̶ȣʵǺɵġ
ڼ
ڵСʱˬĸоͬ˳һȥָоˬȥĸоȴͷ
뿪磬ɽڳվһͱ֮£˼ԼȫŶͱںȥ
䡭
ʯɣͱ𶯣һԲҵͱϳ֡
дϲ˫Լ˫ֳ֣˼֮ɫ֮¿ʼΰʽȻΰʽе˵ʽһ䲻֮óʵԾĲ㡣ﵽǧ˰ٹ
ҲʮΪԼǵһηʳ֮ԵõͻƳ̶ҪһЩȵڶηãȥЧ¾ҪһЩ
ЧȴһڣЩҲһֱʳǲ֮ҳʱҲϿȷⲻ֮ı֮ʢ֮һԼһǵõӣֻǲ֪Ӷ١
治ǲ֮
ǳһƬҶӰһ䲻֮Լһٶʮ˶䲻֮ȫʳ֮Լﵽһʲô磿
Ҳ֪ⲻܹ֮ʳĿǰԼҲֻܹһηʳһƬȻԼʵõʵ֮󣬾ͿԼʳ
ˣҵľͻƵƷˣ
ͷԼľһϲľȻܹӳȥһʮףֵķΧóԺȫ˸ࡣ
ݡ
ʮɽڳΧƣоÿɽ
ಡ
һȻӦ֮һٸӦ
һֱȵڿеķɽֻʣʮϲ¶ЦݡȻԼͻƣԭʹűɽѾǱܵļޡǣȴܹһɽﵽʿɽ
ƻ轵١
һһ⣬ȡֵϣʼտž⡣
ҹĻУ˸ŨζƮ磬Ҳ˼֮С
˲֮ԼӦѾҪѪҺˡοԼѾù˾ѪҺһƬ֮ԼɱѪҺҲõǵѪҺѾʺˡ
ҾͻȥɣȻѾﵽԼͻƵĿģǾͻȥʹһɣ
ĳ꣬ʼ̻ʣܿͽһɾર죬û뵽˵ζ
ǰʰһ£
ѰһɽȥȻ硣ڷ䣬еѾ࣬̿ʼһи֮СǾ̫ˣ⻹ǳרõĵطУҲֻǿǿŽ֮󣬾ҲŲȥˡ
ڳɽ˯һҹʱ֣տһپ⣬ŷص·Ϸɳ۶ȥ
ǽĵ졣
ũء
Ӣ޺ϷǵĽǶۼָӲﻹũָܵӹ٣ӢԪ˧
ҫ۵ĻˣĻͺĿ
ʱ⴫һ棡
Ԫ˧˵
һУ˽˾֮˵棬ĶӳϢܵ˿ֲӵϮÿ鶼ʮ֮һ
ϽĿ˻ͺͿȫû˵˼˵֮ǰѾ˵˵λ˼ǸУ˵ǣǲʲôΣգǵʮ졣


290 Χ
ǣǲʲôΣգǵʮ졣
ǣУת˳ȥ
ɭУһ㱡һɽ˶һѿϣǽŶʮʾʾǻӢ޺ϷҵսԱ
˶ٽ
һɵˣһΪĵˡ޶̰֣Ҫȡץ;Уˡ
ӽƬص򣬰еӱһ֧ǧ˵ӱ顣ͣϮ࣬ҪߣǵĶȨ
ǵ࣬һ磬Ȼǽ˼ΧˣȴûдﵽƻеĿģһ˶ӵš
֪սҪȻ֪Ϊʲôһ޴ľȴʮָˡ
Ȼ޴ǾҪΪ޴ӦеĴۡ
ԣҪսԱԶǳڴˣݺݵ⣬رǵץԼԪ˧
ǺǺǡ
˶ЦʾеһսԱ˵ϣͷѪĹâ
һӰʾ֮С
ţ
˶Щ죬սӲͣرԼϮѾмɵСжˣǸսӼһж͸˵һж
˭
꽫һʮ׵ľȫչͬһֻѸһڴдС
Ȼ䣬ͣס˽Ų̧ͷһȥ
һͷǳءǣأܹù꾫ɨ衣
ɫһ㶣ôͷѵǾļӵ㣿
ԣ
ӱЩֲļӵ㣡
ǣҲȫųǾģüͷ΢΢һ壬˭ƻ˵
˶ǰʾ¶˳ϷʵЦݣǿʾͺȥ˴ԼСʱһʾֳ˳ЦݣȻǿʾֺȥ̶̵ĸСʱڣ߿ʾȥ
˶ȼһֱѩѣ¶һ˿Ȥ˼
ţ
ոյȼѩѵ˶ɫһ㶣һʾϳһ˵ȻǿʾҲȥڽʱڣһʾϲʱسӢ޺Ϸսӵһʾˣֻʣʾ
˶ɫѿһСǣսԱʵǿ֪ҰЩսԱŪ᲻ʹǺǺǡ
Ļƻʱ֣һּĿյأȫչȻſյתһȦȷû֮Żص˿յص롣
ֺһôȻȡƷһƬڿռ˸Ȼһգǿôʧˣһ鳤̴ϸʮ־ȵľġ
ȼ֧˼ӣȻȡ˾Ĩϸֵϣʼտ
ζƮɢ˳ȥոɵʱȻӲǶı¡¡ĽŲ
ͷһһŽ׵Ұˡ
úã
ոͻƣûкõĻὫԼոͻƵʵȫһŽ׵ҰˣԼʵ
ûþֱӰ˲ڵϵǰѾƷХǸҰ˳˹ȥ
ǸҰŵζż͵˹ûеȵǰ״㿴һС˹
顭
ռ仮һ磬ݺݵҰ˵ϣ˳ȥ
𡭡
ǸҰŭˣǰһĨһֵѪ˷
һŽ׳ڵҰˣ൱һУʵ겻óߵݣֻƾߵݸͲҰ˵Ķ֡ʹʹǱҲУŰ弶Ƶ´ʱѾҰ˸ˡ
ʹˣҲʮǱǾǱУĵͰ弶һεõ
Ƕᵽ˾⼴ζͨСʱĴսдˬ֮࣬ʵҲȶڵϡҲû˱Ұ˼ŰȥıҪɽХҰ˵ͷ­
ȻҰ˵ץȡ࣬ӴʬԶԶ˳ȥ
صԱߣȡһذףȴżľ⡣
Ȼ䣬ɫ΢䣬漴ľԼΧˡɫ΢΢һаԼ¶˾ߵݣ˵һһսԼٷʳһƬ֮Ҷӣοսʵ硣
ȡһƬ֮Ļŵ˿У껯Һ˳£ˬĸоٴϮ
ͬʱѸٵؽԼװȡ˳ǹϣϺõеĴڷ˵ϣȻ󽫴󱳰˴ϣƷԵĵϡ
ʱٲЩóԺóͲýˣѵҪߴԼһſռ䣿
ŲҶɳɳ죬߳ߣڳľظоǰ߾ȻУʵ
У֮߳󣬿Եֻһˣһһµȱɫһ㶡
жȴû˿ĳɣһµȱֵСڿյصл߽ΧǰµȱǻߣƬӱֲӣǰһֻ׵ĸ
һƨڳĶ棬ӣֳһֶζ⣬ȻģŨʿζ
ûȥˣʱˬ֮УҲãҪƻָо
ǣжãƷľظо˶ɢĵ⡣


291 
ǸӱǸĸУųʳﱻûˡ
ǸУȥץǿͻȻ˿Уһκˮ
һѴڴʱڳУڿ׼Ź
ŴڣǰλսӶӳУ۷ʵı˵Ҳһ飬ջ֣ųСӣѾΧ֪𣿡
䣬˫һģΧ˽ŲսԱ˷˽ÿ˵жһǹǹڶ׼ųꡣ
ǰѴȶ˳ûΪͻȻԼΧ˿ĲĿŶıˣеɱ˳
˵һ飬侲ɱ÷ܹظоֻҪԼ΢һЩԳ겻Ķɵؿ۶У۷壬ڴڵǰҲǸرʯ
ʱѾ֪ǰµȱ˭ˣ
жڵũܴ÷зô᲻֪
ͼһЦ꣬˵ǻһɵƣһһǧĴڴбܣǲɵʲô
ǷǳģһӵòһӾþ⡣̴ܹ׵ʱ򻹲Ǳһһǧķ
ⲻɵʲô
ǣȴָ
ⲻܲ˵һ̣ԭЦĴڣʱȴڴ²˿ٶʲôᣬԥɱ
ֻһ̯ʾԼûе⣬ϻ¶һ˿Цݡ
һذǿѾľϣ˹ҧһڣͣȻ󽫿еȥ֮غһ
Уɫһͣû뵽˵زŴôѵ㻹ܹȫɱ
һЦȴ˸ŭǳɣ
ǡָһѾ۶һ룬˼ԣٲͿڡ
˵ɫһЦ꣬ɱΣ
˵ָΧһָǹָ㣬ֻҪһ𣬲ɱһˣҲᱻɸӡ
˵ƶų¿ǹҲˡ
ԣ˵
ġڱԱߵһУȻ
顭
Ȼֹһͷ­׵򱬣ͷʬ嵹˵ϡ
㡭
˵ϳ˷ŭǴʱȴҶˣΪǴָԴʱˣǰСӾһ첻ߣԼٲߣڻῪǹȫΧǹָ

³һʹѹеķŭҪ뿪ȴһ󡰻
̫Ϥˣÿһ˶ǳϤǹٽ״̬֮·
˲ȥҲ⡣ֻгһȻᶨضŶıˣڽߵָű˵Դ
ΧĴһҡΣӰÿ˶ǹָЩսԱ
˵ɫǱΧˣղǰΧ˳꣬ȴҰѳôڳĴڵв֮¡ӢսԱΧȴûгķֶΡ
һӢУӢս˳սԱȥЩսԱӢսԱвӢսռƵ£ΪʲôǵĶӳһ
ˣҪ̸̸
ǸӢУǰű˵˿һ۳꣬û̿ǹ˼ղķ˹ɣ
սԱԼӳĻһС·ղķ˹̬Ȼ߽˿յء漴ɫȴһ䣬˳Ŵָűˣһͷʬ塣
̾˳ݣҲ֪̾ͱ˷˳ͻֻǲ֪֮Ϊʲô˳ͻ
ߵԱߣ󷽵ϯض˵꣬ˣ֮䷢ʲôҿм˵һ𣿡
ԣ˵
ղķ˹ɫһ㶣̶һĿЦáΪһ⡭
ʱıȴߵͨ죬˵Ѿʲô֮£ҪǻûôָԼԴ
꣬ˣҵսľƲãǿ̸̸𣿡
˺ͳɫ΢΢һܸɴط˴ڣǱ˸Ѹײڶ֮ƽΪԼսѱȴĿ˹Ȼ˵ԣ
˵ĶһͻȻһָоʱȻ˴ڣȴ־ĵơһ˲䣬֪ԼѾʧȥ˻ᣬһ˲̧еĴڣȫԽСǣû˵ʲô˵еơ
ˡ
ͻȻһͬʱһɢ˳Ƭ֮ˣʵڵ߲㡣
˺ղķ˹ͬʱһ㶣ȫû뵽ûȻͻˡǵʵƽʱʵǴʱϢɢ˳Ȼܹоڵ߲Ϣ
Ҳһڵ߲߾Ȼһµȱľװбӵ𣿡
ԣ
ɫٱ䣬굱μ˴ԤʱһڵߣŰʱ侹Ȼڵ߲ˣ
Ƕˣ
ǡ
ûеȵзӦȹٴδһ
ʲô
ͻˣڵڰ˲ˣ
ʱĳȴһ̾Լڷʳ֮ʱܹҩҺΰʽͬʱͲ֮Ȼںϣ²ֹֻͻ㡣ȴҲֻˡ


292 
˺ղķ˹Ŀų꣬һڻǵɱ⡣ǣųŴڣ˵¶һ˿ԥ
һŴڣһذײžڵسţȫᱴ˺ղķ˹ˡ
Ȼо˺ղķ˹ɢɱ⣬ں˺ĽսͻʼĽս֮۽ѾˣûаǰУ˱¶ԼǾߵݰˡ
һӼžֻܹ˵ĺ
һŴڣһֲžڵسţ˺ղķ˹ϸɱ⿴ųꡣ
ϵɱԽԽŨ
ΧЩսӺӦõսԱҲĿм𴦵ˡ
ȻˣȴһΪķΧֻзžž졣

ִһϤ죬쾪еˡ˺ղķ˹Ʋһкתͷȥ
ҹɫС
һȺӰְӢսԱΧ档ˣĵǳ꣬˺ղķ˹ˣսӣȦӢսӣȦֲ֪ĸҵսӡ
ʱ򣬴ӵȦս߳һˡ
ܺڣмȴǸһ۾ͿԱߵˣɫһ㶣ٲǰȥͬʱҲȵ꣡
һ޴µĵһ֪Լȫˡ޸磬
ûսԱ޴£Ȼ˺ղķ˹ûгҲÿһ·޴˽ȥ
޴̿˳еĴڣҲʶ˾ƺЩ΢ߵ˳ĸǰ£Ŀȴɨ˺ղķ˹ʵô¶
һݸ޴£޴Ҳץҧһڣɫһ٣̶ڵس˲Ϻͱˣղķ˹˵
ⲻζǻʼľ⣬޴ֻҧһڱоһ˿˿ڲ
ζڼžĿռɢ˳˺ղķ˹촽һڿˮɰͰ͵ų޴޹˼ɵشԡ
˳ԵҲܿ죬Ҳӵʱ䣬ͽһøɸɾ
һ죬޴½Ŀɨ˱ղķ˹˵ҲҲ͸ˡ
ղķ˹һµˣޣӢսܹİһʮˣȴֻʣʮˣֻʱʮˡҲӦŲٵɣ
˺޴µɫѿ꿴޴µɫвһʵ޸磬ܴ󣿡
޴̾һʮһˣ
ʱҲ˵ʮˣ
ˣޣҲ֪ˣ֮ΪǱӱֲϮˡ
˽ӹͷ˵Ǻмƻǡ
Ҿá޴΢΢üͷ˵һָоֲҪҵսԱԶ
޴»һ䣬ռٴμž죬޴˵ҪϣңǼϰ޺ϷǣϡȻֲҪʮڽȫôǾͺǽһ£ȫ
ȭƺݺһĿֲӲֻнǧˣҲֻһٽ˶ƾʵδؾ
ȥҰ޺Ϸǵսӡղķ˹ᶨ˵
ã
޴£˺ղķ˹ɳСȴѰҰ޺Ϸǵսӡֻ֮صԱߣ˵Գʵûʸǰһġǣȴö
ǣľˣҵģǿң뿪ǲܹ뿪и󵽡ԣȵ
ǣԤϵǣű˺ղķ˹֮󣬲ûпڸϳߣһЩľģȻڳĶ棬΢Ц¶һ˿ֺõ꣬㻹㿴ѾˣǲҲóһдǣ
һԵ޴Ҳ۾Ź˵꣬ҸղûгԱ
겻ȻʧЦڻʮҲظãûйȥã⻹ʣóҳҲ
Ҵʱĳ޴£˺ղķ˹֮ǰ̸ѾһƲ⣬ԺӢЩսԱദǢҪһָоò˶ãЩܹʮսԱһ֧飬˴˳Ϊѡ
һȻ׼õľ⡣
Եȣ
꽫ڵݸԵ޴£վȺȥ֮󣬰弶չ˲ʧӰ١
ͬʱһʮ׵ľͷſܼԼΧû˸Լ
û˸ԼһݱԾһŴڴ֦Ϣʵ˸޴£˺ղķ˹˻ûзӦˡ޴ڣҲȥ˸ٳꡣ
ȥһСʱһȻһƫ˵ϡһʮ׵ľչΧȷʵûˣһ㽫ȡ˳Ȼ̳̣ùϵϣȻ俸αɱ
żҵսԱҲͲǧˣÿһʮףһҴ֣㹻Щ˴һ١
顭
һصĽŲʱӢҵսѾӪʱһصĽŲǷɿؽӽЩսԱڵط׷״ӵһŵĵط


293 ս
ܿ죬ظн׸ߵĹҹɫ֣һе߶
׼ս޴£˺ղķ˹һ𺰵
޸磬ң
޴£˺ղķ˹ո£Ǹ޾ʹ
޴£˺ղķ˹ɫһ㶣ΪǸ޴˵˻⣬ǳ
ǹ
̷ȻͿǸ׵Ĺ޳ǵǰԭĳ꿸һ׶߾޴Ķ
䡭
˫һչǸߴĶ㱻ӵ˵ϣȻ˵ÿսһԼã

ž
Եؼž
ʱеսԱ˵ϵĶʲôǴûм˾޴ľÿһһ׶֣ʮ׶೤жȥ飬Դ΢һҲ뵽
ѵǳģ
ʲôʵ
͵͵زһ亮аںͳûسǲ֪꾿ʲôƣ
ҲлɣǾǳܹɱľ𣿿¾ԼУҲаɣô붼Щ˼顣
žй޴Щ߽һʵ꣬ɱģ
귭һ۵ÿ𣿡

̬ķϣ˵˳һһӾ˳꣬Ϊ
ǡ޴
ģ국˵
ģ
˾һ㶣˭Ҳû뵽һĴ𰸡һ룬ȴֻΪʡ
Ҷˣ޴ҲˡЩ˵Ŀⶼɷǳ޵ųǸȥҲȴǲʲôĶҲ˳ֱ꣬̾ãȻҶæȥʰˣÿҰһ޺Ϸǡ
ĸСʱ󣬰޺ϷҵսҲʮˣϷʮˡ
ͳһﵽһǧ߰ʮˡ
޺Ϸǵ֮Ҳһ£ȻæȥʰӪկˡ
ʱ޴£ˣղķ˹ټϰ޵սӶӳУɽķϷսӶӳУΧ֮¡
ңͯսڲݵǿա˵һֱۣ
ҿһ𴦵˵һЦ⵱Ҫˣ˭ӵ˵ָȨ
ͷ˵ΪԼΪԼսӵİȫ˭Ҳ뵱ڻҡ
ҲĿ˹ȥʵ˶ʲô
ҶĬˣû֪ʱͯսˣ޴˧Ķӡ
˧жһ𣺡ʮԪ˧֮һ˧Ķӣ
ͯսͷǸ֮ߵĶӡ
֮ߣҵ۾һԪ˧Ķӣ
ţͯս˵ղķ˹ӢԪ˧عĶӡɽķİԪ˧ĶӣϷԪ˧Ķӡ
꣡ŵ˵ǹٶ
û뵽Ҳҡͷ˵ϷҲֻһԪ˧ߣû뵽ȻýĶɵ
ֲʵôǿѧԨԴҲ¶ĽĿ⡣
˵˭Ϊָ֧ӣ˷ܵ˵
꿴һ˵˵˭Ҳѹ˭ȶһΣʵǿΪ
Ļ䣬ͼڵشӵվȻ뿪мĿյأӪ뿪ܿ죬ʹдˡ顱ľ졣
Ӫڵ˳˵ֵڵ֮⣬󲿷߶ӳƴ֮ԶԶΧ˹ȥۿ֮ı䡣
Ҵʱж֪ƴԭֻҪһģֻҪһָӹ١
Ľñָӹٵλϣ»ص𴦣Ե޴£ղķ˹ɽķͻĸǴžɥ
˸ո£˵ֳһ˿ưҪ˵
ಡ
һֱҹ¹¼
ᣡ
һŴϣһ߹ȥӹϰһţ첽ߵ˱˵ǰǷŵݸ
˽ӹǷţһֳŭɫ֮ǷŴΧĸˣĸ˿Ҳֳһ˿ŭ
Ƿ󴫵˻ȵ֮Ƿһ࣬һֽӽ˺һճ˻ҽӦ˵ȻҪߵĹôǾͰߵĹʰʲô
ãϣڵһӵվǡ
ӵʱ䣬һǧ˾ͼϣվսӵǰ˵ղյһֲͷ˶ս飬ֲսǺ˫Գһ߽оݡ˵Ǵ򲻴򣿡
ЩսԱʲôˣ
ǸҵľӢеľӢһȺֲսˡЩսԱûһ˿ֲӣǿЩֲӾǾӻ첻ȥث֡ǾЩث־ȻҶսԾ㶼Ǻ򣡡
վڻ棬վڶǰıиһ˿塣ȻǼѧԨԴֻǼ仰սԱѪ
ã˶־Ȼ˵ȻֲǾͳȫǡ
˵ĿϵɨЩսԱ˵ֲĹ˫ɳʮУߣʮξߣʮϵȱʮеȱͶʮµȱ׼ȱáǻ׼һ̨ǣɳ˾ͲܹϵķװΪ׼ˣҪʵʵΪ׼


294 
ˣÿȼÿҳĸˡڽɢһȥμӾѡ֮Ǿͳ
ܿҾͶμӾѡ˳ѡҲǸȼеǿߣ޴£ˣղķ˹ɽķͻҲ󣬲뵽У֮С
굱ȻŽ˾ȴǱŽϵȱĶ鵱С޴Լڵ߲ʱ򣬲޴£е۾ֱˣ
꣡
⻹
μ˴֮ǰֻһµȱŶãҲͰһʱɣ
ڵ߲ˣ
⻹ûʽʼ˴ȵľȵ˴Ⱦʱ򣬻߾ֻ֮ʲôʵ
ǰ;
ؼСӾôģ
ԭЩսԱʿξУΪҩԭΪѵһһֱϣùĵһЩ˶ڳѾˡЩУҲԳǳؿ
ǣЩиӵףرЩУ֮ǰֻǿȴ֪¿ʵǲǣǳԽȴǳ飬һǱȻҪúðա
һЩУ߶ڳ̬Ҳ˱仯Ǹӵؿ̬֮Ҳһ˿𾴣ȫѳ굱ͬʵ˶Դ
ڶ졣
һɽȥǷսϻеͼ˷ʱؽϢͻ
ԭսӲЩֲӣ˶Է
ǣһֱȵߵĿĵأҲûзκ⡣ʱɽȿվһλֲӣĿ뺷سսӡ
ֲ꣬ڸʲôһԵҵʵֲʲôʱˣȻؾˣ
ӹһ˿΢Ц˵ҲĿֲӣǰҲǾˡ˵İǻڣǾΪǵİǣΪҪǵȫȥҵսһֱֲӼţ֪ˣҪսȫԵһϢϾЩ˿ɲҲ˿ֲӡԣǾҪַǵȫȥһʧȥƣٶԸǾࡣοҲʲôı
ıʲôıͯսɫһݡ
ҡҡͷ֪Ҫ
ʲôıɱһٸֲΪȥսѱ𡣡Ȼ˵
꿴һ˵ҪЩֲӣǰҲǾˡ
ǰǾôˣһЩث֣ӱˣͯսм˵
΢΢üͷЩصܹСǣӱΪʲôӱǲǾԲث֡˵ǿߡǵʵӦöǿԽսʵΪľˣǲμӹδСս۵ľˡȴûвμӹսۣһϽҪǿö࣬սĶ࣬Ǳ±ӡԣһҪСġ
ʱ򣬶һٸֲеһУЦЩˣ
սԱһĿ͸ŷŭĻ档
Ȼֲӱˣ
սԱܹӶһٸֲӵпԷıǣԲơ
ЩֲӵЩ˾һȺ±ӣ֮ͬȫɱǡһ˲ǴԵ˶ٻصǧս֮ˣĸǾḻ֮ˡЩ±ȻǾͬ߻Ųһط似ǲΪÿһֲӶһ־ɱˣ
ôЩǸֲһĺ˿⣬Ц˵ǻԼʲôӢ
ʱ򣬳ѾͣͶԷҡ˵ȥǾһ顣
͡
ǸֲʮֲмһЦЩ֪ʲôľˡٷϻȲһ¸ǿ
䣬ЩֲӱһԵĲȥȻǸǱ㿪ʼֲһʵȼ
ֲӶ֮󣬱˵ҲġΪԷҲû٣ǶʮУʮξʮϵȱʮеȱͶʮµȱ
һ˳ȥҲһڲǰòɨ裬ȫ֮󣬱˵һٸսԱվһٸֲӶ档
ӱҪôȣ˰ʵ
Ǹֲӵͷñȱ˻̬˵ǽһٸ֮ǰ´Ҫһٸɱԣǽ˫ûһȫû¾һֱȥΣ
ãʹصͷ
ãеˣСӣƾҲҪǿһǸֲӿЦ˵ǲտʼʱȻͬ׵߻Ϊ֡ǵһԷնɱ֮Ӯһ߿ԼһߣΣ
У̵ͬͷЩûʲôּۻ۵ģ˫ܹƽ
УǸֲĿɨսӣ˵ҲϣܵʱһǧսԱعءĻͲҪǲɽ֮Ҳûˣ
˵ɫأСɽһۣȴûзʲôŶԷصͷģսһΥߵĹ򡣵ϣҲҪΥߵĹ򣬷ɱǲ
ȻԸЩҪΥߵĹЦֲŵشЦ˵


295 ̫ˣ
ǾͿʼɣȻ˵
ãǸֲͷ˫һģǿʼ
˫ܿѰҵԼĶ֣һֺĺӣӣʱüΪԵų꣬ͷһº촽һѺ񱳴Ц˵αϽԴһ
׳գ
ҽȻһ̤ûгľƷֿȭŶԷͬһ֧һؼ˹ȥڼͬʱұ۵ļѸӼָֻ˲ͷųĹ

ֺһ˿ɫеĴͬɽһֱͿĦ˼˻
ۡ
һֲֻ˴ֺ󺺵š
ۡ
ִӴֺ󺺵˳һŻ࣡ʱǸƵĺ񱳴󵶾Դаߡ
ٶ̫ˣ
국˵һա
ۡ
ѪĽһ౻ñ顣Ǹ󺺵۾޾Ŀ־壬Ȼ󽥽ʧȥ˹âһصˤڳ
ĿɨˣʣµľʮŶڼҵɱСŸոտʼûԵʤƣ˳ս֮⣬µľʮŶ߻ڿս֮С
겢ûȥְˣΪÿһҲһ۾ĺûᡣҲܹôվţĿ˻ĸµȱս
ƵźԾǸֲȥ˲ɱһϵȱȻǱ˫˶
ЩûвսһֱΪ˼͵սԱǻһƬʱûǰȥսԱƵţⲻЩսԱһԻ
Ի󣬵ǸսĿֲȴԻ󰡡ĿһֱԾǳġ
һϵȱֲɱˣһµȱƵ߹ô᲻£ս
顭
ľս֮£񡣾һ˲䣬һն˶Էͷ­ȻһŽǸֲӵʬ˳ȥһͷʬڰѪҺͬһʢѪɫ֮
ĽŲһ٣ת˷һµȱȥһЦҲһ߷ɱȥ
꼸ߵǶߵԱߣס˽ŲҲǰæֻЦеǸֲӡ
ǿֲӵ̻ˣһϵȱʵĵվԱЦеﻹսȥһ˾ҪܣǺսսԱߣʱǸֲѾʧȥƣûġֻǼغϣͱսԱԴ
ЩսԱ㶵سЦһɱߣ죬һ߿Цõ˵ꡭ̫ˡ
ǰ̫ˣսԱеͷͬʱ뵽Ժǡ
ʱ򣬳ͻȻ㶯Ȼûʹ弶ȴ΢ʩչΪʱѾЩսԱʼ·硣ҪսռϷ硣
顭
һµȱֲӵ˳ĵ£Ѿһµȱֲӡ
ʵɱֲǾͬвһ㡣οɱֲ֮ǸԭͿֲӽֵսԱͿȻǸսԱţĿֲӣսԱֻɱֲӡԣֻڲӵʱ䣬ʮµȱֲӾȫС
ʱ򣬳ߵսԱⳡʤѾбֻҪǼסǿҲܹԷռƵսӸӵͣҪڳ˰æ֮ǰжԷȡԼҫЩ·սԱȫȡƣй޹ֻҪֵǰæ
ʱʮŸµȱĿ˳꣬Щµȱڵȴû˿ɵغȵеȱ
ʮսԱ˶ʮеȱֲӡǶʮеȱֲӾʱռƣҲƲʮŸµȱֻ̻˲㿪ʼ׷׵¡
ǸֲӵɫˣԭΪնɱЩ±ӻʮסû뵽Ųʮӵʱ䣬ԼһʧʮˣսǱ߾Ȼûһ
ΪһսĿֲӣ֪ȥѹսƵļƻʧˣȥԼЩ˶

ֲӵͷӸߺһȥĿֲҲ׷׳ˣɽȥ
ЩռϷĿֲӻܹˣЩԭ·ĿֲȴսԱزס
Ǹֲӵͷڷ˵;п˾ԼԶĳ꣬һ׹⡣Ȼбﳯų˹ȥ˷·һֱյӥֻͬӥצ֮ĦХֻ˲ӵ˳Ͽա
һӾͽԷһУԼȫǶֵ֣һûСǱ¶ԼȷʵҪ¶
ӥգ
٣ƻǿ
ܹо˫ӥצĽֲ£ΪУԭǳֵ˫ӥצδǰ;һִĿʹۡ
겻Լİ弶˸˶ԷצӰֵĿռ䡣Էɫһ㶣ڲΪأֻڿһٴųץ˹ȥ
弶ʹͬһƬɵٴ˶Էӥצ
ǿֲͷĿľˣѾܹڿУ䵽˵֮ϡ
顭
˫һء
˻
ֲͷһӶ·֣߱ͬһɣΧĿ·ôһϡ


296 
顭
ֱӱ򱬣ֲӵͬһгٵײ˳꣬ٶȾԳ弶üѡۿžҪԷʱ͵ͬһȭͷͷ­֮ϡ
һҧҪʹɽͻȻŵľп޴ƴس˹
˲˾꽫Ǳ£һ죬弶ٶȷǿ˿ֲӵ˫ȭֻȭչιʹһ˳һͷ
顭
޴µ˫ȭͿֲӵ˫ȭҵضԺһ˵ζɲǼƲסĵغˡ
顭
޴ĺ˵ԳһӰͬһڿйιֱĿֲͷ졣
ꡭ޴¿ǸӰɫɴ䣬ŵؽг
ڼٵؿֲͷ죬˫žƷĵֱ¡
һɱ·ǧХ
һ˫·ɽ
ʱĵȫƵƮݣ˺صɱ֮⡣
ֲͷһ˿Ǻɱĵƶû˿вһϵȱȻҶһУĽ
ȭһգȫľȭۣһȭѳ򱬡
һӳü͸ǳḷ̌
ˡ
ֲͷ;һñһֻ۷Ժʶһԡ
ꡭ
ľƷֱֱͷһֱɲֲͷ롣

ž
Եؼž
ʱе˶ͣ˶սӻǿֲӣһ͵ųꡣ
һУȻһϵȱ롭
Ҫۿ˺ô˵ǷǵĭԷ
ǡ
ȴطǵǰ
䡭
ӦĿֲӷɽȿȥֻ޵ȡ
׷
˸ߺһڵһߣͬһڵһس˳ȥ
Ҳɽڳ˽ȥһʮ׵ľȫչڼӵʱͳɽȣȻûУ죬ȴҲЩξ
ʱһٸֲֻжʮ˳ɽȣڴɽȶһɽɽȺСɽȵʱǶʮֲѾʼɽ
һֱԿֲӰսӹľЩ⣬뵽ɽ֮Ȼһһͷͷɽڵĵ֮͸ȥɫȻ䣬˫ڵߣηٵź󷽼ˣͬʱд󺰣ˣըҩ
ǰ׷սԱɫһ䣬ѸٵʹȫǱɽȿڷ˹
䡭
ɽȱըˣ泹׵طɽһƬʯŲ֫⡭
ɽڣֱըͣЪҳ価һжž
ɽȿվһǧսԱһ·һʯͷһʯһͿֲӵСսۣսˣúܳס
ͿֲӾʱûˣһըȴˡ˶ǳǰصߣЩȻʵǿһˣУߡ޴£ˣղķ˹ɽķͻȶ档
ɽܵͱڶˣֲµըҩ󣬶ҶǸߵȼըҩУߣǴŷҲֵסοǶû˿׼Ȼŷ£ͷûа
ôܻ
һɽڣ˶ʾϵĳӰ죬ӹһ˿Се˼
ͻȻغ
ܹҪ޸ǾȳԿź
ҲֲӻеڶǱ뾡쳷ʱս׼ߣ
ժǹԶɱȥսԱĻɫһԴʱҲٷֻۺժǹųԶɱ
һСʱ󣬳ռһɽͷֹͣ˾䣬һȻڵϡ
ͯս˳˵꣬Ӧͳһ
ͷĿŻսԱȥϲȻʧɫУװֻʣ˶ʮߵûʲôʧϾǸոճɽȾͱ귢⣬ʱ˳ֻǼʮʵǿУȥ̫Զ
ǶʮУĿ˹˴˶һۣȻһУߵǰ꣬ھλսӵĶӳɣ
ңɫһæҡͷ
ǸУЦһ꣬һӳûбҪʵǿģҪĹ۲ָȻڻָ֪ܹʱɽȵըҩ֤Ĺ۲һǶ㣬һ֧ҪǴԣȭͷͲҪƴˣ
ɫԥ˵ʵָһ֧飬һʿѾ˵µĲбܽҲûġ
꣡ʱе˶ų꣬ػǵܹЩ˴ʱѳ굱С
ãɫ࣬ǸУ˵ʯ磬ͳһɣ
ǣӳʯ塰žһһ뿪ȥͳ
ܿ죬ʯͷ˻ųٴξһȻŵӳУΪʮˣξΪʮߣʿΪٶʮˣΪʮˡ
ɫѿε̫ˣҪĶǿʵߡ
°ɣ˵΢΢üͷǽҪǵǷǷ
Ļ䣬ͻȻһҵѰȥȴǷսӺӢսӵļ˳һˣҵսӶӳˣҪѡһܶӳȴͳһսΪ֮ǰܶӳıˣܶӳȻӦˡ


297 ξ
ӢսȴôΪҶڱԹޡǱ˵ܶӳǱ˾ͿֲӹľǱɽ׷ȥôص
ԱƶȥܶӳλãΪѡç𣿡
ܶӳ꣬ǴԣҪĲֵҪ̣
𣿡
˵У̻Բеȥ׼ıƻĿֲӹؾⲻ̣ӳ̴ˣ
Ҳ;ˣûȷɽΣյ£ȻͷȥⲻçʲôⲻԲʲô
Ѿ˺ˣѵ˺ȥ𣿡
ĸҷֳӪ֧ӢϷ֧˫㼤ҵӢƺǳĬûǰ
ʵԭͺǿܹȫΪ꼰ʱطֵµըҩ£ԼһռݾԵƾȥͻ̸ܶӳλþ䵽˻
ӢȽԷշԼⷽĸңǸʱ򻪹Ҳֻ÷ӡ
ǱӢҵЩҡҡͷ˳ϡһرǺǸֲͷĽ֣óʵȶڵ߲㡣
Ӳݵվ˵˾ȥ򡱣ɽһСȥͷųΧûˣ͵͵һƬ֮Ļꡣ
ԭѾ¶ﲻٷʳ֮Ϊ̫˷ˣҪǻȥ֮ټҩҺΰʽϲ֮ǲ֮ĹЧ̶ܹȵֳ
ǣľʮΣգ뾡Լʵ˵ˣЩ֮ʲôã
ԣǳɴַʳһƬ֮Ļ꣬ŴСгصԭλã˲ݵϡ
ڲ֮£ȻؿʼˣˬζϮͷ·һֽã
ԼһЧӵԡ
ȻӲݵϱʼһһʩչΰʽٶߵĶһǲ׳ΪʲôͻȻ
̶ǵɫһ䣬Ϊǿ˳еΰʽЩ΢ֻܹͬϵЩ֪ͬĲͬпھзʽ⿴ûá
Ӣ¶ӳ¶ӳǱţ˫ϣܹ˵Էһ־õۡ
顭
ڴһ죬ΧĻսԱ÷һĿһÿ˶֪ͻˡ
ЩУĿʮֹŹ֣ͻˣϴͻƾڲŶã
ЩξĿ͸ӵؿţͻ֮󣬾Ѿﵽڵڰ˲㣬ԳͻƵٶȣò˶þͻ뵽ξߣΪһξ
ˣԳʿ¸ʱͻ׷ԼЩξɣ
ЩʿɫȴĽʧ䣬ԭΪڳ֮ϣŶãʱ䣬Ѿ˦
ͯս˫ȭͷ޾ս⣬һźһᱻµģֻʱ
ͯսսվԵ䣬Һ˸оˣڵսⲪ˳һһ꣬һ׷㣬Խ㣡
说ų꣬ȫزţͷôͻˣôŬȴԶԶ˦̫ƽˣ
ҡͷ̾ͳμʱȫû뵽꾹Ȼ˵
֣ĿοֻгԽǿĻսԱŻԽȫϾʱѾΪ˻սӵĶӳ
顭
ʱӳٴηһ죬Ҫϴ࣬еĻսԱʱжһֳ嶯Ǿȥ˫סĲʹҡʵ꣬㾿ǲ࣡
껺ؿʼƣ֪ͻһĵȼ뵽ξյ̫һƬ֮Ѿһգͻˡ
ڿһա
顭
̥ͬư죬һѽץоϵһץ֮Ȼﵽ˰򹫽
ϲսԱ׷ǰء
ллϵϲá
Χų˲ݵϣһһšͻȻǲˬ˵꣬˵Ȼֲ֪ΪʲôǡλλϳֵĻЩֲӿͱ˰ɣ
һµĵƸӣֲӵҪҵֲȴѡϾЩֲӶλҲδܹҵǡҾЩֲǾġ
ģһԵͯս۾һ˵Ǿսӵһο飿
ͷǲ֪ǵʵͼʲôǷǹ
ô˵֣ʵ
ǷǾƬʮˣҪľѡһΣȻзͿֲϮ֤ԼӮˡĹôǾҪҳֲӵϳֲҲӦþܵضһЩֲӡ
Ҿáʯ˵ϣɣǽѡһȫطǻ𣿿ȥȴǵľ޾سЦǳͷ
꣡ͻȻ˵ˡ
תͷȥһӢУһУԼ


298 
˵ͷʿóһ·˳ĵ˵ǰڶʮУɨһ飬˵ս¶ӳء
Ӣս¶ӳޡ
غͱ޳ԾǣǶʮУĿ˳ꡣȻʶҸǵӡһǳǾԣһΪ꿴ɽըҩıǵٷḻҲ뵽ǻս¶ӳ
ǳ꣬ս¶ӳ국Ц˵
˲ݵϣĿڿغͱ޵ɨһأҲֻ΢Ц
غͱ޴ʱѾӳΪӳ侲Ǵʱ˻뷨ǾǶӳδҪֵߣȴҪǻۺͳ˧ɽȿڵ۲ûоͳ˧ǻۣڹȿܹϵ´ˡҪ֪Ǹʱһʿ֤ͳ˧Ĺϡ˵Ϊ¶ӳҲûʲôֵġ
ֻһӳĲҪֵ
ûֵһ˳ã澳ܹѹסЩУξ
аҡҡͷȴ׼ЩֻҪܹѻԼӪСǣ˵꣬ǰɣֻǻӵ֤Ҳǿġ֣ǲǿǿ֡
֮꣬ǰı˵ܶӳҲˡѵҪص𣿻ǼǰɣΡ
˵˵ӢŲΡطŭ
͡ޱһмЦ
˰ֹ֣ס˵أޣ˵ûȡһ
غͱ޶һۣȻͬʱߺߵ˵ûȡһԳһ֧顣ϷˣǰɣǻΪǿĶ顣
ϻ޲м˵ǵĶ飬Ҳǿġ
ͷǲҪˣѾˣκһ֧飬ǻԳһ֧顣
սԱ۾һʱҲԳһ֧顣ȻԳһ֧鿴ʵһЩ飬໥֮䲻һģһָǷȱĶӳһĶ黹Գɾ
꣡ؼæ˵ܻ벻Ŀİɣ
ɣ޺ԥشſصΪôҸұ֤Ѿ뵽Ŀġ꣬˾Դǻۣ˰ɣ֮Թƽ飬ǲκˡ
ЦЦأ˵ĿӦǾܵҪɱֲӰɣ
ؽؿ˱һۣȻתܹ뵽̶ȣ֤㲻ΪĿǽĿֲȫ𣡡
ǺǺǡЦˣֻЦ۾ȴǳƽû˿Ц⡣
Цʲôصֳһ˿ŭ⡣
Ҳˣ국˵
Ϊʲôɫһû뵽ܾ˼
Ϊʲôޱӵ˵㻹Ϊʲô˵ڵʵû֮ǰʵΪܹĿֲȫ㲻Ҫ˿ֲӵпһٽ
㡭ʱ֪ΪʲôҪЦˣǾЦ
Ҫǡ˵˴ΪЩܹҵֲӵϳ𣿡
ЦһµҲ˵õʱ򣬲ƾ
࣬ʤ̬һۿأȻת꣬㿴˿ؾʲô̰ɣǽ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ǹ°ɣ
Ĳǣ޻ǲġ
ҡҡͷĿȴʮֵؼᶨ
ðɣ
˳ᶨĿ⣬ޱ֪˵꣬Ӳݵվų˵ףǺˣ
ҲףǺˣҲӲݵվ
شʱоܶų죬û˵ʲôתȥ
أ󻽵
صһ٣ͷ˳ꡣ
ףǺˣ¶ֿЦݡ
ллصҲ¶ֿЦݵҲףǺˡ
վڸߵϷսŶȥӢͰ޵սԱȥȻҡҡͷ
ʯվڳҲ̾һ˷ֿǵʵ͸ˣ治֪ܹж˰ȫķء
ǰҲ̾һֳ֮һ˿ЦݵҲкôô˶͸ǵġ
ţô˵ʯ岻ųꡣ
ǺǡЦ˵˶̫ˣܹڵһȣһֱ֣ȵҵսԱɱٸһսԱûһܹ
⡭ʯɫһ䣬˵û뿪ؽ֮ǰ͸ǣ֮ǵжԹϵ˶ͬ˵սԱǺ
ǺǡЦ˵˶ǣҪɾؽȫ𣬵ȴһ˵Ļᡣܹһ飬ҵսﲻɱһȥĸˣרĵضԸֲˣ
Ҫôȥ˶ӢȥǸ򣿡
ǻ۵Ĺâȴ˵һɡ
㡭һ򣿡ʯ岻ųꡣ
һ򣡡תͷվԼ˼˵ǲô̵ʱںǲϤĵҵֲӣǿֲȴܹҵǡһǣôܹ˶׳־ǺǺǡ


299 
Χļɫһ䣬֣˵꣬˼˵ֲһֱڼǣǳǸߣǶϮǣ
ᶨ˵ǣϷǣӢͰǵ·Ҳ̫ƽϣǺˡ
䣬ߵ˵ҪĲȥҿֲӣǵǡһ·ȴҪǸӵСģÿһ̤õ塣
˶صͷûߵطȻ԰ȫһЩҲ̫ˡҲ֪ĿľҪնɱٿֲӣߵأǻŻȥҲ޷
ŻսҲ뿪˸ߵأѡϷ
˶ɽڣǰһεӣžɫ̺ӣ˶ϯλãӵʮУͨѶһϢ˶¶˵ЦݣսӣеľӢޣһһһ壬ȫ
˶һָ´ߵһУȥֻʣ˶һˡ
ǺǺǡ
һſЦصڿտյɽڡ
תһȦǽϵĶʮĻǴĻʾǲͬľ£кд֡
˶еңϵذʮĻϵĳͣر仯ڳһ֧飬Ϸǵ
ȻִһĻϳӢͰͼ񣬲ãսӵͼͳ˴Ļϡ
˶Ƿһ˿Ц
ƽĴУżҰ޵ϷǵСһӱߣ˳¡
ҰûзĿܡǿѡ·ߣԴ˳Ļ֮ҲӦ˹ԼҵֲӵϳҲ׾ǲȥҿֲӣЩֲҲǡ
ͱѰһԼһĵ·
ֻʮ׿ңȴƺĲסصĿ⾯Ŷ԰ȥ԰һƬƽɳ̲һȥϸСɳ΢΢ƽһжôͣûһ˿Σյס
ǰӰǿɳȥ
ӳûе飡
ţ̽
ǣ
ٴǰȥشŴǰУһսӵоܹȻı棬ȴû˿ɾ衣
ںӵףһŸţһԶžǲʱطŭسײӣƵֳƵӺӵ׵汻ˮڵš
ͻȻͣ˽ŲĿɻ˺棬Ķ䶯˶
ʱ򣬾ĺӵףһŵͻȻ˸ӣһԶž˳ŭźȥ
ڶɳ̲һֻСңɳ̲ڡ
뿪Ӱ
ص۾¶˼ȿ־壬˴ӺӵԶžԼٶȳ
ϷǵսԱʱѾЩԶžûΪЩԶžѾ嵽˺֮ϣһЩԶѾ˰ǳ˹
ֻǼԶžЩսԱ£̫ˡһȥ⻹¶ϵģкӵϳġҪǺԶžӲɣҲܹȫ𣬵ЩսԱҲʧ֮һ
ԣЩսԱ̷ԶӰĸߵسȥֻҪǸߵؾܹɹ˿ء
ǣЩУξܵÿ죬Щʿ߾ûôٶˡֻһǹɨһŸߵغˣǼʹҲʼʿԶž׷ϣҧ
ԶžĿǳǿǹܸɾԵ˺ҪǹܹһԶžܵ˺ԶžøӵطϷǵʿʼӴ
ಡ
ǰУξѸٵؽӽߵأֻҪǵ˸ߵأܹԶžЩʿȫصϸߵء
ͻȻӸߵһǹڣ漴ǹھһ棬̾һƬУξߵԴ򱬣ڿе˳ȥصˤ˵ϡ
صɫ࣬ͷһԶžתͷŸߵغȵξ߻ѹƶԷУҶȥߵأ
䣬ǹŸߵ˹ȥžĸߵضȻܼǹ
ֻһӵʱ䣬ش˳˸ߵأû˿ϲãҰУһȺֲѾӸߵصһȥڽһƬ֡
Ȼתͷȥߵ֮ѾҳһƬʿԶž׷ɱ֮С˫Ŀ죬ʱѾ˲ѾߵĿֲӣ̺ڻ
Щոչϸߵص̿ʼŸߵ֮µԶžս۳˽Сʱߵ֮ųƬԶžʬ壬սһμžѪԵζ˫Ŀ졣
һս̫ˣһ룬ʿ߱ԶžҧУڹߵصʱҲ˽һ룬ǿֲӶǵһεطȫİֲȴʮϤĵУÿͻȻԼһĸоһ˿־壬һֶԿֲӵĿ־塭

ಡ
ӢͰһƬ֮УͻȻǰļʿ˻أ˿С⼸߱ڿе˲䣬ӵ
ۡ
ϵʿԴѪ
Ǿѻǹ
޴һе̶£ȥȴҲûһ˿ضȥǾѻֵӰ
Ӻ󣬱޾ɥվ˼ƣսԱǰ˹ȥȻ˼ƣ޵˷׷վһ߻ķɨţһ߼ǰ


300 İ
޿ʼýһһ·ϱƳ˺ܶ壬м
޵¶һ˿ֲӾǿֲӣҲ͡ҵҪǻʲôУǵðǱƳɡ
ڶǰ治̽ʿֳ̽ߣ̽ŵ棬޿ɲٴα׸ը졣
ս֮ԳΪսӣÿսӵĶԱԼľЩ̽սԱж˼ǹʱġ˵Щ̽Ǻã̤鵽һƬȻƵС
ϵļԽԽ󣬵һʿһϷһҪʱȴס
վͷǰ棬ͷưһЦ˶ҪһֻһɽˣЩ켣ǰûáǳɣҼʶһٽʲôʵ
˵꣬˻֡
顭
һǹ죬Ǹͷ㱨ˣ
ǰ緢˵
ǰĵ·Ÿ壬̽鵽һƬƵñֻٴƵСȴԽԽ⣬ϵЦҲԽԽ죬ÿֲѾԼûа취ˣҪԼƳˡ
ͬʱ뵽˿غͳ֪꣬ûԼôӢ䡭
еСϲòϵطŴ󣬾ͲŲЦǹ壬ŹѹеϲãϵĵЦȴôҲڵס
䡭
Ȼ䣬ıըñ޷ˣսԱҽһƬսԱһ˲
һ鵯ƬͷƤ˹ȥѪעǴʱſڵϵıѾû˼ȥԼƣûиоԼˣʱҲûϲãһ޵ĸо
ֲξȻңըڣȻ˾ܵαװֻ뵽˵صµĵףȴôҲû뵽ը
Եģֲ̫ƻˣ
սߵһŴʱ׷ױըսԱ̫ˣսӵ屻ըɣеսԱԴֱӱը÷顣
ⳡըңһлָž֮һƬǽ壬һƬѾʧըһƬյء

ƿ˵Լϵɣ˻
һ
޵鱻һ뻹࡭

ԵģֱǷˣһֲһ¸߱۾ԶĴţ߷ߵš
Ƭ֮УлսԱȥ
Զߵ֮ϣֲӵɫʮѿߵһֲӷ߷ߵ˵û£ǵҲôܹսӣǰҿпû̽Ǿſְɣ
ɽС
˶ЦصڿС
̡
һʿɣǽϵĴĻǺЦӢޣϷǣѾǴˣھʣ»ˡȵٽУǾȫȫ𡣡
ӢУ˵
˶شЦš

ָӲ
ʱеɫǳѿӢսӶͨͨѶػ㱨Ǵʱ״˴ʱ֪ϷǣӢʧأܵ˿ֲӵķ񼸺Ѿˡֱ񻪹սӻûдѶϢѵǻսӱȫ
Ԫ˧Ŀ˻ͺͿ˵λĸ£ǿǲӦý˽ǽӻ
ͺͿĿ⵭ɨһִۣϵʱ͸оѹӭһ˧߾Ȼ˺ˮһ뵽Щ˿ɶǾľӢǾδЩսԱУܾܿͻ˧ߣϾȡһ¡
¡
Ļ𣬿͵˵һضȥûʸȥɽġ
⡭˻Ҫֱ棬ȴ͵𣺡Ϊ࣡
ϱˣȻ֪յʲôλȻѾˣִֻܹ

ꡭ
˶ǽϵһĻȥսӵͼʧˡ
Եģ
˶Ʊ˦˵ϣѾǵˣÿζڴĻϸոճֻսӵӰͷͱƻˡ
˶ɽˤ˱ӣǴʱһֱٻЩֲҲƵ˼㡣
һ·ϲ֪ȥǶټص壬һǡɵ֮ǰƵУǲ֪սӾʲôʺˡ
Ҳɻսӷǿֲû̽һûߵıԵһٶ׵ʱ򣬾ȻȻظı˷򣬱ֻܹܿÿֲΪս˹ʺˡ
ս˹ʺ
Ȼǡ
Ϊ˶ǰ棬һʮ׵ľȫչΧǵ£ͣɨ裬ûκΣܹùɨ衣
ÿһǰ궼ͣκָսԱصͷҲᱻԸ֡
һûսԱе˼飬Ҳӵؾꡣ
ԭϢ
귢սԱû˳ԭϢеóеóˮ
ԶҲߵϣֲһø߱Զڹ۲š
Ϣˣһֲ˵
ЩֻܹһˣһϢĵطľ̫ˡһֲ˵
ùô࣬Ǿˣ
ʱڿֲ鿴ƬУĽǶѡķǳãҲԶߵϵĿֲӿرǳΧʮ˵λǸӵΡ
ʮУ˵ںʮʿ·ˣ


301 ǻ
ţڳԵʯ岻ʵΪʲô
˵ע⵽о·𣿡
ΧսԱĴǾһãͯս۾ͻȻһˣ
˵ĿⶼۼͯսϣͯսþĿ⿴˳һۣȻ󼤶˵ӳһֱƬֵıԵߣǵ֣ĻܹÿֲӶȴڼǡϾľïʢи߱ԶҲԶӣǽֻᱻǷ֡ԣǼǵĵصֻܹҲࡣ
˵ͯսʾҲȥȻ͵ǵҲһƬĲԭǲԭģҵĵطȴһߵأǿֲӼǵѵص㣬Ұǰһ죬ֻҪоø߱ԶҲܹǡοӳߵĺ

ӦǼ
ҲǶӳΪ֮ӳҪֲӵĹ۲ڱƵǸߵϣ¸տʼʱûпֲڹ۲ǣƬֵıԵСʱˣЩֲһѡΪ۲ڣ
һӾͶˣܹսӵ˶ǾľӢΪˣĿⲻ𾪣Ǵһ˿˿ˣ
򵥵˵ǳڱ䱻Ϊ
ԴһǾһֱڱ֮УΪǶ̫İֲȴ̫ϤҲֲӣֲȴһֱڼǡ
ǣȴֲɽ¶ˮķؽֲӱƵһطȻǱߵĿֲҲҲʵҲǿֻǼӵˡǣֻҪܹץ⼸ˣǴһͻƿڡ
ʱͯսҲ͡ҶͯսıҲ˺档һӵһμ;ڲͬ³˾ҵϢܹ˿طӦǼѧԨԴ
ʱ˶˳Ŀģ㽫Ŀⶼ˳꣬ȴ
˵ҹߵϵĿֲӲ࣬ʵҲǿ׼ʮУȥץȻʵץͰǻС
˵ĿղʮУһǰУ·ʿΪУ٣һʮУᱻǵĿֲӷ֡ǶʿһЩʮҲᱻ֡
˾ǵͷ¶͡˵Ȼ
ָָŵһǾʮǳӣʮͲ棬αװ뿪֮ЩǵĿֲӵҲһᱻߡǾĵǱǴߵأЩֲץ
ʮУ۾ᶨ˵֤񣡡
Ҫ⣡˵ﵽǱߵĸߵһǲԭҪÿֲӷǡ
ģһУ˵ӳһξϾǲݵأǲҲнһ˸ߡƽԭܹѵһ˿⡣
ãж
Сʱ
սֿʼжˣȻ˳ɭֵıԵߣȻڲͣƻŸͷ
ߵ֮ϣֲӸһø߱ԶһɫʮѿȻǿֲӣȴΪԼϱǾ±ӡǾЩ±ȴЩϱ಼һһȥսÿȥһ嶼ñһĶǵϡ
ǵ⣡һֲЦǰ׾ըЩڵըҾͲŻսӻܹ֡ǾҪˣ
ֲӾһ϶¶ЦݡһԶضԶ仺ǰͬɢһǰеĻսӡ
ֲӵľԶսӵϣЩΪսӵнٶ̫
⻪սԱôôɢ
ɢҲѲˣˣ
ǰǺúÿһ֣ҿɲһľͷ

ֲӾܣͨԶһ˲˲ضųĶ飬ȴȫȻ֪ʮսУʱѾڽӽǡ
һƬԭϽһ˸ߵĲ΢ҡţͬ΢紵֮ҡȴʮսԱǰɿؽӽŸߵء
һˣߵϵһֲ˷ܵ˵һشһڡ
ɭֱԵڶǰͷĳӹһ˿ЦľһֱǰɨţȻһһصըͬʱҲ˾Լʮҵһͷ
ͷǶǣǶŰ֮׼ͳǱըըɵľ׼ġ
ԭϢ
´еսԱڲݵϡǴӵϼһʯͷǸͷ˹ȥ
顭Ǹͷͱ÷飡
ɽڡ
˶ͷ촽ͬһĶźĴĻ۾ͷǵĹâǺǡû뵽սӻӣڻûзȻһƻͷܹڵը𣿺Ǻǡҷ·ˡ顯
˶Ц
顭
ֻȭͷͻȻ˸ߵ۾ۿǵĿֲӵͷϣֲӶξߣУ̫ĲࡣҴʱֶסˣȫûзʮУĻսԱǵ󣬽ֲ֪˲䱻Ρ
һԶĸߵأǸûˣ
ʯһӳ㿴ʲô
ҡҡͷûУʱ䣬Ӧûˣ
䣬ͼʮӰǵУǷɱĸսԱǰҾţмսԱԹȥĿֲڲݵͬʮֻѸһԾš


302 
߰ɣվɭ֡
ܿسɭ֣ʮУʮֲҲص˶С
ɳĸ飬ȷûпֲӣûͷ
ǣӳʯȥ
ֲӰǹ⣬Ȼǰ´˵ڶ
̾սԱֲӰǹ⣬Ȼǰ
ӳһԵͯս˵һǵݣԷװɱĶ裡
ͷô鷳ǵʡҧԾҲøðǸˡ
ͯսƤӾһʱжԳһ˿ҪɱϺܶࡣ
սԱǰȭͷֲӵͺ˹ȥ
顭
ȭȥֲӵҲֲӸˡ

ֲʹĺţսԱȴֱǵӣǵŪȻһҡΣ˳Ȼؼһ飬ֻûеֱӼһȭ
ҲȻȥǣսԱֲӷֱͬĵطʼʣֻǴʹȴûдκοʳĶ
ʯ˺һҲû뵽Щֲӻǿ°ͻȻЦˡıȡ˽ȥڳԵЩսԱ˳֪꣬ʱȡʲô
˲֪걳װʲôЩսԱ֪װŴڡ
Цеؽ˽ȥװöʵǴֱӽƵԼڵ
ִӱڳ˳˵ɫһ㶣ﾹȻһƿۣȻְ˽ȥóһƿۣ֮ȥó˵ƿۡ
Щ۶ǳ깺ģɱ޵ﵱĵϡЩսӼóƿۣһϵɫʮֵؾʡ˭Ҳû뵽Ҷ޲öһЩҪĶռݿռǳȴƿۣҲ̫˰ɡ

һսԱеżˡ
ƿ۷ڵϣЦе˵ȥǰѷĨֲӵϣȻŪЩϳʲôġ
սԱ˾һ£Ȼ˹ȥ
һСʱݿڹ˹ݿڹһһȥݿڹһ˰֣̱˻ȥֲɱ߳꽫ݿڹݸΧսԱҿɣ
ҿݿڹһ˷ݿڹвпֲӵϳλãοֲӵжƻͷλȻ˵ĿֲӵļƻͷλֻǹԻսһ֣ΪֻǸӻսһ棬ĸҵսǲ
Ҳˣݿڹеֲ֪оŰٶˣԻսӵĿֲжˡڶԸӢĿֲӾͲˣҲӦǶҡ
˵ֲӳֵԶȸսӵҪ١ǳʱȴѾܹƲϷӢͰʱӦС
ԴӷըƲˡҿֲӶϤսӳԿǿ϶ġ
±Լ߻ûгԿץֲӣ¾ԼžҲԿϾԼ̫İˡֲӿһıƶԼûõʱһῪʼԼ˽Ĺ
ĹǿֲӲٷЩıƣǶ˻ԻսӷԼľֻһʮףǹȴԶԶγһʮס
Ҳ˵ֲԼûзǵʱǾͻԼ˷սԱ˵ʱǻöϤٳ룬ȻѰһսӡ
ֻҪΣսӿ¾ͻһϣǸʱ򻪹սӵʿѾ䵽˵͹ȣֲӾͻᷢһսȫûǱȻĽ
ڲͬˣѾ˿ֲӵļƻǴʱҲѡһѡֱӹֲӵϳһǽԼĶٸֲиɵ
˵ĿⶼۼڳϣͨץֲӣսԱڳָӲѾΪһģԼ˼ͯսʱ۰Ͱ͵ųꡣ
ȥʰǶٸֲӣ˵ֲӵϳʣİٶˣǲռƣһ˶ٽﻹӦвٵУߵʵͬռơǵϳڵҲռơȥǵϳ˶һֱǵǶٿֲӻǾͱ˽ӡ
е˳ķ׷׵ͷ˶ͬԼĹ۵㣬˵ǵǶٸֲһֱھǲԶλãΪҪǼǵֲӵϢУǵоͣز塣ھϾͻǵء
ӳͯս¶һ˿ǵʱֲѾӦֲ֪ӱץ˰ɣ
ЦЦְһ½ŵµЩӿֲɻͨѶѾͨѶˣӦѾɣȴδܹö⡣Ѿˣжĺʱ򣬺Ǻǡ
ж˶Ǿһ
жʮ˸Уʮξڼܹһˣжһ˽Сһˣΰǵ·˴ϣüӼʿ̧һȻϻѣö黺ǶٸֲӵصرƽĺҹԶҲֲЩǲˡ
ӳԷõԶǺߡ


303 ͻϮ
£국һЦҪɹҪƲһ֪ǵļأҶǲȡж֪һڰȴ֪͸ӵزǻẦ֮ǵǺܴĳ̶ϻݴͣ׼Ӳһ̡ȵڰսԱ¶˳ٲȡһжϾҪϤļԭصȫ¶
˵̾һҲûа취ʲһӣǾͻٴʧȥǵټҪҵǺѣǻΧԮ
ô죡ʯ˵
ˣеıըȻж
ֻӵʱ䣬սڵıըͶڳһ˵Ȼͯս˵ʱ򣬳ʹУξɵսʧɫµĴС
ʮ֮ңһߵ֮ϣٸҵĿֲмĿֲվڸߵһһߵţѾһСʱûнӵǵϢˣǲ°ɣ
ɣصǸߵؾ뻪սӺԶм仹һƬĲԭǱսӷˣҲᱻϢӦǾûʲôмֵ鱨ûͨѶɣ
ǣҲӦðͨѶϰ
ҲıսӷˣرͨѶֻǺͨѶʱ򷢳¶λá
ҲܣٵȵȰɣʱҲˣսҲжһеȵ˵ɣǱûлǾȥ
Уɿǰɱţһʮ׵ľȫſҹɫͬһֻѸһĸսԱеУԣЩξʱӳԼȫǱȻܹǿظϳꡣ
ʯ˴ʱǳȳٶȣǸոսξʵٶȺЩξʲô
ܹ껹ûȫӳٶȣΪЩξٶȣȫӳٶȻʲôӣ
ҳָ˶лͻȻıǰķͻȻѡһ;ɱȻٸı䷽ػǰķ
ʯ΢һĥ֪ˣ֮Ҫı䷽һΪǰͷֺҹǸٷɱܹͷ
ȻŻɣһĬڳЩ˳˳֮⣬ʵҲξɱڴ֮䣬ųĴ죬޵Ľӽſֲصĸߵء
Ȼ䣬ͣеսԱҲϢͣ
ӳôˣʯʵ
ĵӷ򣬰˵ӷڣ˵
ƣУҹɫѸٵ뿪˶顣һУ㷵˻һOKƣһǰ
һһ˽ȥʱڸߵµһ档ʯǴߵص˵ѹ
ͷӹһ˿ǵȣ
СʱԶ͸¶㣬һѣڻѵ£һսԱСǰнš
ߵ֮ϣֲҲЩѣһ̽Ŀǣڻѳֵһɲǣжˡ
ɿŸߵس˹ȥ
ߵ֮ϣͻȻһ𣺡ãǹһˣй¶ǵλá
ǿ쳷ɣ
úԶսЩǼٵġ
һǳ˵·ˣһ¾
Ǽأѹͬʱ򽫾Ԯ

걼г³һʱѾǱе˸ߵصĽ¡ڿֲӸոշֻѵʱ򣬾ѡ룬ǻǷ²סǡϾǸʱߵػһξ룬Ҳǻѽпֲӵע˹ȥûбֵǱе
עܵľ䣡
ߵ֮ϴһֲźԶλöԶû뵽һսԱѾǵĽ¡
˽ɽϣ̧ͷϷȥߵҲʮ׸ңʱܹؿߵĿֲӰζŷ׼
˵һÿӳһűը֮󣬾Զݡ
ԼӵʱܿȥÿһսԱﶼһűըͶ׼
ԶĻҲԽԽˣߵ֮ϵĿֲӽŵעԶĻѣżֲԶܼšȻǵĽ´һߺȣͶ
ಡ
һƬڵٶ̫ˣûеȵֲӷӦߵ֮Ͼĺ
˵ĺѸٵԶݣǺ֮ûڿռʧѾ֮С
ߵ֮ؼžҹвʱش˵Ŀֲ̲סʹ
һűը̫Ԥˣȫû׼ĿֲءȥһٶʣĿֲӼ˵Ҳʮˡ
Զͯս˱ըĺȻӿٶȣŸߵطɱСʱ󣬻սԱѾߵذΧ
ʱߵϵĿֲֻܹؿͯս˸ϵȻĴнǰΧǲҴӸߵϳʱʵ϶ƣرʿѾһըը˵͹ȡ
ֻܹأȴԮ
˷ɳһֱɳʮ⡣
顭
˶еľƱˤ˵ϣոյ˵Ϣðɡû뵽Լɳȥ˲ûдлսӣûսӸˡͨѶţΧӢĿ̷ֲӢ׷ǰȥлսӡͬʱִϳɳ˶ˣһҪսȫ


304 Ԯ
ʱȴһŸߴϣȡ˴ľɻľѻǹ
顭
һҽдӸߵϴ̴һǹǿôϼ˹ڵһһǱȥһһô
顭
ɽִ֮һҽУֲ֮ɽϵĿֲӶſ˵ϣó꿴ǡͬʱľҲﲻɽ볬һʮס
ʯߵ꣬ô죿
ȣ˵ȿֲӵԮ
ʯ۾һΧԮ

ռžߵϼžߵҲž
ʣӰͬķɱء
ӳӶһֲӣԼжˡ
ӳһֲӣԼжˡ
۾һֲӦΧӢˣ׼ˡ
ô죬ӳ
ȥֻܹһֹȻѸٳ롣ҹ˶ϳɳһˣѾŭʯ壬ĵȥ
أʯüëһ
Ϊ˲øߵϵĿֲӷǵж֪ǰĿֲԮѻǡ¶ͷһһ
һһŴʯŻսԱĵؿʼ룬Ŷٶȥ
ߵϣôûоѻǹĶһֲӸո̽ͷ
顭
Դ쭳һѪʬԵڵϡһǹøߵ֮ϵĿֲаͷ£ſ˵ϡ
ЩֲҲʮо飬Ȼſڵϣȴǽ˵ϣ˴ܹġ
һֱûжʱҲܹƲս׼ΧԮȴû˿취ֻнԼƲԮ
ںԮϵУԮҲϣ֪񻪹սλãҲǿֲ̽ͷԭҪ۲һ»սǲǻΧѾȥ߻սλãҪĸԮΪֲӵԮڵǴ鱨
ȴ޷Ԯߵýǲòһδð̽ͷǾ͵ǣÿһ̽ͷҪĴۣûеȵǿΧ״ͱһǹͷ
ɳһ̽ͷǾͲųܹ˲ˡǽǸӵصûһ⣬㶼ͷ
ô̶̵ʱֱ˶ʮˣֻʣʮˡ
ûпֲٸðͷֻܹԮʵʵ˵ʵ顣ԮܳԾҲЩֲӵӿߵͦٶȡ
곷ˡߵ֮ϵĿֲӲðͷй˼ɸߵ֮ϵЩֲһٸðͷôҲһ֮˵ͲðͷˣһֱȵԮ
ɿڴзɱţ˷صʱ򣬵ֲ֪ӵԮصѾһ
Ѹٺʯȷ˷֮ķȻ뿪˷أӲſֲӵԮɱȥ
һڴзɱչ弶չϢͬһ顣
ֻǲһӵʱѾ˿ֲԮĺ档ֲǰٶȲҲҪȥȱסĿֲӣҲҪⱻսӷϾʱѾƲǰлսڷǡ
ɳһʮСУǰԼסһ߾עܣһǰСǲߵ̫ġ
С
˾ѻǹ
顭
ǹӿֲӵĺ洫ֲӦءֲɢһСһѵͣǹķȥ
ǹ̫ͻȻˣҴʱǹʧˣ޷ȷѻֵλáЩʴӵʱ򣬡顱һǹ죬һֲӵ۾쭳һѪһͷԵڵϡ
顭
ܼǹųķȥһжùеǹܹõ꣬ǳеǹͲǾѻǹˡ
ľнɻľѻǹ͸߶˵ľѻǹǿֲеͨǹܹﵽľ룿
顭
ɭϵѻǹǹһֲӦ
һֲȻӦ˹ȵܲǰҪǸѻ֡ǰҪǻսӻûвú÷ȦǸѻʱ䣬ҪǻսȥһȥĶѣѻҪסǣǶԻսӺΧ
ֲڴзɱǰоҲǳо飬ľڻųĽǶȡ
Զһôϵĳ꣬Ƿһ˿ЦĿĴﵽˣҪЩֲԮΪǰķȦûвãΪսȥһ֧飬Ƿ˶ǰɳС飬ӷٶǰķʽ
ֻܹﵽЧ
ͬһֻԳһһԾţѰŽǶȶԿֲ׷ɱš
顭
ѻǹϣһֲӦ¡ǴʱĿֲѾΪʶ˻սӵļƻﻹȥֻܳ꣬ƴǰɱȥҲ֪ߵѾԶٶҲòϼӡŵ˻սӵĴ󲿶ӣʰǸǹľѻ֡
Ӵ˵صߵٶȴԼҲҪ߷ҵʱ䣬ǵﻪսӵķȦȴֻҪһֶӵʱ䡣
һӵʱúܿ죬ֲͬһļСϪڴ֮зɿšȻһȣ򣡡
ߵĴзɳĺڵ㣬һſűը
䡭
ٶűըڿֲб죬ҵĺʧϣƬֱݻ٣֫ɣƮɢѪꡭ


305 
ա
ըûͣϢԵĴܼǹҴĿֲԭûжٸҲϸˣܼǹбɸӡ
ϣ
ʯһ£սſֲӳ˹ȥΪʱֻˣŷȦ
УߣǻȴŶʮУֻ˲㽫ֲӰΧҹϵؽȺŹֻǼӵʱ䣬УĿֲӾͱʮУսԽȺŹ
ӳǽǲȴһ·ֲӣʯ˷ܵųꡣ
ҡҡͷɨսѸٳ룡
ʯֻһ˲䣬̵˵ǣ

ɽС
˶εŭˣ˵ԮսӴĳȥƽ£̲ŷŭĻ档
ʼһжʮ˳ϷǣӢͰ޶ˣһûĸҵսӼԼһ˿Ӱǳ㣬㽫ĸνľӢУԼָ
ǣһԼƷȴսӸشˡ
ʼ˼ˣ˶Ǹֳһ˿ЦôǾͺúɣ
˶ִϳɳһˣֻϳ˼ʮˣȻһָ˳ȥ
ʱڼžţʱת˲˶ʱûڴϣվһ޴ɳǰ
ͻȻڷһԵͨѶ˶ŵͨѶ洫˷ܵѾɹˣ·ֵô
˶ϵЦ󣬵˵·ֵҲɹˣ׼
ǣ
סһڣ˶ݱ
ǣ֤񣡡
˶·ֲ´ֻ֣

ֵ֦ҶڻζO@죬ŻսûƵһ·񱼡
죬ֲӲκ켣ŶﻷϤʼϵų˷
ÿһιʮͻȻֻǶݵع֮󣬱̳룬һιóûа취ӵһʮ׵ľ磬ǿֲӵĹ׿⣬޴ӷ
ҳҲܹѡһطأͻᱻԷΧԶԣֻܹϵظı䷽򣬽Է˦
ҲûԿֲӽлǿֲӶ̫Ϥˣսû׷һ׷ˡֲǻͻȻسǵĲߺ󷽣ҵĹ
ԣֻñܣʵһʱսȥʮˡһڶӡ
ͻȻǰĳͣǹ˶Ĵ֡еսԱҲŵضǹ
꣡洫һϲϤ겻û˿ϲãһĳأ
ĴһҡΣش˳󻹸ʮˡǵһ˿ֻ̣ʮǱһֲظоӳ
أʯĿɨʮˣֳһ˿Իͷ𣿴
ʯĻ䣬еսԱɫһ䣬ͬʱǹתҲࡣ

ַֿ޴˳˳Լǹɫһ㶡
ǡ
ؿűʮˣɬ˵ҲʣЩˣ
޵ɫһ䣬ǵҲֻмʮ˵ʱֳ˿ɬҲǰɣ
ȻͷȻת˳Ϸ˿ֲӵķһηһ룬ȻЩﲻֲͣܵӵϮֻʣʮˣǵԼһҵĿֲӡ
Ҳ˵ӢͰҲһηһϣЩӲϵرֻʣʮˣǵԼһҵĿֲ׷
пֲˣʣˡǵԼҵĿֲ׷
˵ЩѾ֪ԼĸоǶԵģ̾һǱˣ
仰һе˶Ӧ˹һɫʮѿЩ˶ǽˣǱΪҾľӢû뵽ȴֲӰ˽ӡ
غͱ޶һۣʱľƷǳԡսڳ쵼£Сһ˽İٿֲӣָ֤ӲܡʱѾĹͷ˷˽ͬʱԳ˵ָ꣬ӣ
ʱ򲻻ƴǣҲûʱƴǡ̵ͷһ·ĵ˵
غͱ̶һ֦ڵϻֻһְӵʱ䣬˾ͰԼһ·ĵν˳
ڱͻΧ·ߡ
·صɫһһȺԼһǧֻңǵ׷ϵһٶˣ˳
ֻܹôһˣֲӻûжǷ𹥻ʣһڲһǽɣǾĳΪ˱ĽӡʱŹȥӣǵĲһûɣǸȻŴǣҲһȷסķΨһĻᡣܹĴսܱȺͿĿֲսǿ̳
غͱҲɲǼ˾ʱҲֻкͻһʧȥ˻ʣµ⼸ʮˣȫߵһĽ

սԱɱȥ
ҹС
ֲӵѶϢ໥ţҹ˼ЦǾȻŴǵϳȥˣôǾںţǸϽǵϳǶʡˣǺǺǡ


306 
Ŀֲӣܼٶ˿ʼΧսԱŴǵϳȥսҲʮϿֲӵжŴǵϳɱȥ
ѵõûǹҹУֻһɱӰսһԲŴǵϳɱȥֲҲĬĬں׷ϣֻҪսӲı䷽ҲǹҲٱƽֻǱһؾ룬ѹսӡ
ಡ
İٸսԱ˴ǵϳ
໡
һХֻζһ˳һߵ֮ϳһֻĵעսӡ
սͣס˽ŲһɫŵضǹһذΧ˹ЩǾսӻмʮ׵ʱ򣬱һͣȴ
ԶĿֲѾͣ˽Ųںҹ˷ܵ׼һڣսӺʹɱĴƬ
·ͣȥǸɵ۾΢΢˾Լ׿Ǹ
꣡ʯ嵣ĵؽе
û£̰·ͣ
ӰѸٵػζһѸٵزϡ
顭
ĽŲڴ̤죬ϲǼϰ弶óڿ˲Ӱ
弶
еսԱ۾ԾųڿзĲӰ
໡
ףһХ
Ƿ˽ʮֻų˹µŰ·սԱ˹ȥ
ա
İٵսԱеǹǹ𣬲һǽһǵ£ЩǷǳؽƻѸٵغˣʼԶߣʱŻǹһ죬ַɿش˻ȥ·ֻ֪ҪӵľǷʱҧЩд͵ʱ
ȡ˾ƷƷѾڿвһֻֻצڷɿӽŸߵ֮ϵ
໡
һغУսԱΧߵĴǿʼų˹赲ųǰ
ꡭ
ľȫ˷Բһʮף弶ʩչ£ʵǶ㲻ʱ򣬲еľƷÿһնɱһǡ
ಡ
Ծ˸ߵء
໡
һɫͬһһ˳꣬һų
ٶȣܹݵֵģʹǰ弶ҲУʱսԱΧѾû˴ǣų˹
꣡
еսԱŵųıӰǿһûһĶ֡˵ԸôĴǣǺԸһ¶кܶ
ˡ
һĲƴӳüĳ˳ȥԴǳ꾫̣
ʶ;һѣΣʱһĨĲӡио˼ȵΣѣлǱܵԱһԾ

ӹĲһѪĲ˳һȻûնɱֻȴĲҲһ˺ۡ
Ҫʤ׷ȴȻɫһ㶣˸ߵصһһɽȣɽٶѲأȴûгɽ⡣
ʲô
ɽһҪǱĶӵĶ
ӣմĶʲô
˲뵽Ǹܣֻ̣ܹܲһС
ʱصų꣬ʱڳŹ˼ɣղԼһ棬ԴһΣûδ֪Ķűܵη塣
۾ͻȻѪһغˡ
𡭡
һξͬһƴų˹ͬʱܵĴҲûƵų˹ȥ
Ϊʱĳٶ˼£ɽڳ˽ȥΧĴǳη岻࣬弶ǿܹܹȥǶ˶ȴǸоһ
ΪٶͲĶ֣ǰ弶Ǳʹ˳Ǹо׷ľ硣
εתһ̹˹ȥͬʱһ
˺˺
ȻΪ̵ܵĹʹڿһ٣ó˻ΪȫĹȴǺԵĴǣֻҧۺͺ󱳡ϴŷ£ֻǽľװ˺顣
ꡭ
ͷնѪӲǻӿ˳Щε˲䣬ͷһɽڳ˽ȥ
ǲܹѣεĻɱһβУܹɹǾߵơ
ǣܹôҪԣֻܹԼٶȣԼеǱɽڳ˽ȥ
ѾһɽǸɽǰһٶֻػ
ͨ˼λ̣Ѿ˾롣һٶֻǶѻɽڣ¾Ű弶Ҳʩչʱܹһ˿һͣ٣ֻҪһ˿ͣپͻᱻ׷
⻹ҪģҪò׺˾룬ξ׼뵽Ƕץס̣ٳʱ䡣Ϊͣٶ˶ǾֻþɱƻԼļƻ
ҲҪǰһٶֻɱһٶֻƴĴǶס˶ڣҲһ޴鷳
оԼٶȺѾ˼ˣΪʹụ̂ĵҲʮأǴʱȴֻҧ֡


307 

̽˺󱳣ȡС
顭
ܼĻ棬ٶȻǿȣ׵ǶڶڵЩܹģЩǵƷײͣڴ׵ǰֽͬһ̫ˡ
û˿ؼһٶֻֻӾͱһʱʱ򣬳Ѿɽ
ɽֻ֮һֻ̣һץץС
顭
˫ߣαѾɽ
˺
갴ʱжϣڳһɲѾϵӦõ˶ڣθһһ˳ȥǼʹұҲצץһ£һצķ¶ץ飬Ұѳұץһ⡣
ǳȴͣһ֮˫ڵߡ
顭
ͬһɽ˳ȥ
ɽ֮⡣
ս㶵еĴɽȷӵȥҲûһֻǳǡ
ֻ˲䣬ЩսԱ˳뷨һ̣ȥȥˡ
Ӧ꣡
ʯߺһɽȷɱȥʱǻսӣĸҵսԱҲƵɽȳ˹ȥǶǾӵľӢʱȻƲҪʲôҲ֪ǷܹתΣΪڴһ١
һɽȣͼڽǧֻһӰǿ񱼣Ѿ˳ĺӡ
еľƷͻȻһʽرĴ󵶵ĺ󱳡

һײֻݺݵҧ˾ƷϣαӴײɵ˿С
ۡ
һѪӳĿ˳ʱѾɿžƷ֣νײٵɽȿڷӶȥ
໡
һУӵ˿еľƷųٴη׷˹ȥͬʱǧֻڳΧš
ںһĨһУ弶չеͬҫɱһѪ·ɽ֮ȥ
ա
ٶ֧ǹǹ˹ȥ
ಡ
սӵǹ£ٶͣڳɽȣʱ·ϳ˹ȥ
ֲ֪һԼĺ棬ʱӦöڲԶĴ֮СһһƬֹ˹ȥ
С
ֲӿųͬһǹ˹һɳԾųꡣ
Ҫʲô
֪
𣿡
𣿡

໡
һǺڳһӰͬһɫ˳ꡣǽǧֻͬӿ˳һ
ЩǸûдɽȿڵЩսӣĺ£ų׷˹ȥǴʱĿľ׷ϳ꣬̾Ȼ
ʯ˽ŵԶȥһӰڷɱһŽǧǡ
С
ǹ쿪ǹҪѴһֲӾش󺰵
һ󺰣óλãѾסͻȻһ֡
ಡ
ŴǸ˹ȥҹһӰ˶Ĵ֡
顭
Ҳ˳ȥ
໡
˫Ŀҹзẉ̂˳꣬ŶĴֳ˹ȥ
ա
ͬʱǹų꼤ȥ꽫ȫչȺ˹ȥЩǴʱĺХ֮£Ͳܳ꣬ŶĴַس˹ȥ
ա
󲿷ֵǹ𱻴ڵӵڽ뵽ľ֮󣬱㱻İ弶ֻܿӵʱ䣬Ѿ̷Χɽȷɱȥ
꣡ʯȻսԱϲ
ûһɽȣҵԼľƷȻսӺϽ뿪
սɫһѽų괩˴ǵϢأԶȥǵ˼ҵǹХ
һߵ֮ϡ
߰սԱսӣһƣǺܿ˯ߡ
ûпȾʮֵ£ܾܺ˵͵͵ĳżԶ޺
˫ַԺڲݵϣҹһһǳһƬ·ûиովһһ㡣
׷ԼĿֲӦʣ²ˣһŭֻܹӲƴܹѡȺ׷ֻܹø졣
ЩֲӺȺһսҲʣ¶ˣֲѾ׷Լˣ˵ΪֹѾȫˣ
ΧֵֵڵЩҲǲͣشȴ˷ܵ˯š
͸֧ƣȴ֪Ϊʲôȴʮֵظǡʹ̫ѨΪƵʹûһһġ
꽫͸еǸڣʼľ
ͬɿݵغ˺ˮʶؿʼڵľһεҺʶɡ
Сʱ
ľѾָ۷壬һоԼƷֽӽһʶȭͷСҺѾһȪ۽
Ǿָ֮󣬸оӵʹ
Ѿξξʲô
꽫һʯɨͣһξʯ֮ǰǿʯ֮дȭͷС֣ǿվ
꽫͸ǿʯϷ֮ڣһѶϢӿʶ
ĶЩѶϢȫξߵ
ʿ׶εǴڣƺΪ׶ΡһжΪξ


308 
ξ׶εͨڣҪڵһͨÿͨʮһΡ
ξܹΪŲ㣬ǰֱΪξڣξںξڡΪξڣξںξڡΪξڣξںξڡ
λǴɹûдͨһ
ǿվڳļʣܿǿվ
͵͵طʳһƬ֮Ļ꣬Ȼӵϥʼǿվת;
ⲻ֮ĻһУ㻯Һ˳£һļˬɢ˳ץ˵ұۿɼٶڻָͬʱȻȻز
ȫעڵǿվת;ȥ
ѣ
ɲ֮ɵͲָӣԿȻ
ûй֪ԼܹԼߣҲԼž޴İһԼܹԼٶȣ²ʮʮô򵥡
ԣһδʧܺһδγԣʱʱ䣬Ҳûгɹȴҵһ˿
֮ЧʧˣСʱɹشͨһųһճڵʣȫָұϵ˿Ҳȫָ˰̶û¡

곤³һоˬֻǸоԼģĶ뿪˸ߵأֵڵսԱǳȥû֨ܳȥѰһϴһ裬һСʱˬ˸ߵأһô΢΢۾ĥŽжƻ
ʯʱҲӺ˯˹ûж۾ǿա˸˷֮⣬ͨ⼸֮оһֱبıЩɶУľӵϣ
սӵĶӳһôȼһ֧̣ݺݵسһڣĿɨֻʣ¼ʮսԱ۾ɺһƬ֮С
ʱսԱ½½û˳ҶĬĬԼװ֮󣬾ҹշ
ǶһľӢû뵽һͻôˡǰЩ˻һкȾ죬ȴߵضһƬ֮С
ӳǽô죿ϷǵһսԱѹǶӳʢʵ
ʢתͷһӳأȻȻתͷһһ˵ɣ
ӳ˵Щֲӻ᲻׷
ʢٵɫЩԥӦòɣǺʹǳͻ֮ӦҲʣ¶ˣѾΧˡ
ͺãǸϷսԱһ
شӵվŰ޵սӶӳȥһƨߣ¶ͳһ̣ݸһֻȻԼҲȡһ֧ȼݺݵһڣһȦ˵֪ģһرжӡĲ¼ҵˣʱΪŪһ
أ
زûŵԶıǿڳشˣŰ޵սͶ˿أʣӢĶʮˡʱķŭ
ôˣغ޹űޡ
޴ӵվſ˹ȥɢɱȴһںر飬ϻ¶һ˿Цݣܣֲûдù𣿡
㡭˫ȭһգϵļ
ɢشӵվһ˫۾ȴһŶıޣ˵ҪҲһΣ
޵ɫһͣȻͿضУߣȴԲǿض֡ΪҵľӢ˫ҲֹһΣÿܵøɾ䡣
˵ûÿκͿؽֶ˵һ裬йޱЩѿվԭء˫ֽֽͣ
صĿӥһȻ˵ޣӦøлֲӣǿֲǲòˣûпֲӣĲ´ʱѾʬ֪໥жɱԷġҶ֣Ͳôˣһɱ㡣
㡭ࡣ
ȵȵȰɣһģսʱս
䣬ȴƵؽĿתǵô
˫˸ŹâȴûзֻĬĬ̡
֪رжŵõԴΪ֧ɵйģ˶ľӢֻмܹԼϿٳɳĵ·
еͷӵ˵ϣýż
ҪᣬֻһΣصͳ˵
ƾʲô㣿ʵתͷضſء
ҵȫء֡Ըּ塣صֳһ˿ʽ
ɫһ㶣̶ֳһ⣬ʵֵĺ
صֳ˹ԡ
ãҼ룡˾
һԵıɫ࣬ͻȻһĵ˳ĵźһҿǲɥʧȵϣ
޻سԼĳָ˿ءתű޵Һ
ν޳ȵһȣ·ʲôһ㣬һ죬Ȼÿɫһ䣬˲ء
ذγ˳ͱңңԡ
ȣ
ͬʱһдŶԷնȥ

˷ؾ۾΢΢о޵һΣյϢ·Ϣһֱʹڣֻһֱûоѣˣ
ţֻҪα޲ò˶ãؾͲǱ޵Ķ֡



309 ҫ
顭
޺Ϳصߵ˳ȥ䵽˵ϸĺʮͣ˫󽣶˵ʹشŴ
˾Ȼһ֣ʱ˫ľûս֮ܣֻܹŶԷﴭ
ǿص۾͸¶һ˿죬޵۾ȴͷ˷ܵعâ
޻ֱͦ˼һǿߵϢɢ˳Ŵûйţҵֽޡά
ά
˾һѵⱴάһʲôļ壿Ǻû˵
ȴͻȻһֲţάǸά
޵ؿһгһֿߵĿ⣬Ͳмȥ˿ص˵лл㣬ҵѪҺ߹ˣڸ߹ҫıάˡ
˵Ŀⲻȥɫ԰ף˵ĸ֣Բʿ
еսԱʱˣĸӵһβش˵
ԲʿǴ˵ве߾ɪ쵼һȺʿഫɪޱĸž޴Բӣµʿۻʹãʱɪõž޴Բ
Բĺǡƽȡ͡Žᡱ˵ɪʿʱﵽ150ʿսϳԲ۹ȻҲΪϻγһЩϵֻԲϲûеλ;֮ÿ˶ɷԡ
15͵Ӣ˹ʿΪ
1ŭıɱ
2ѣ
3̣ˡԿˡ
4ǸŮʿԮ
5вŮʿ
6ΪԴ֮ս
άɪԲʿ֮һ겻
ԵޡάڵѪ֮󣬶Ա߱һ
صɫ˱䣬ȻҲŲҫǺԲʿòѷɫࡣ

޵սԱɫ԰׵ض֮⣬صϥȭؿںҵԸ׷

ӢսԱҲϥأʲôҲû˵޵Ŀȴҳϡ
𣬲ҪԲʿľƽȵģ
ৣ
ӢͰ޵սӱֱվ޽󽣾ɫ̵࣬ŭıɱ
еӢͰ޵սغѣ
̣ˡԿˡ
ǸŮʿԮ
вŮʿ
ΪԴ֮ս
һڿлص·ǾԶ͸ؿռڻع飬ں
صɫˣɫò԰סϥһڵأȴûһȥ
̤̤̤
ЮױȵƣűŴɢĳȥʱ˵Ŀⶼ˳꣬ǻսԱĿҲЩ˳ꡣ
޵ĽŲͣվ˳ǰų˵꣬˼ҵĶ飡
꾲ŸԼıޣ޵ͬų˴ȴͬɸ߷بŴڲҡ
̫ˣ
ᣬȴñ޵Ϊ֮һ͡
ˣ޵ȶ㲻Ҫйҵľԣʱȫ඼һ塣꣬Ҫô࣬˼ǣҸҫ
궯ˣشӵվվһǿƴڱ˳
޴ʱƷ·һʱյںϣ˳ܴѹѹ£ľʶз˲Σεķӿʶ˳ȥӵÿһ䣬оԼѪҺƺһֶѡ
顭
ظоԼһı죬Ȼ˲ͨʮһﵽξ۷塣
𡭡
ѪҺͬ㷭ӿƼһԶźĵĺûֺУȴһڸ
Х
ãϢӳɢ˳ΧĿռ䶼·ҡһ£ԶŵϢ·ʧʱеϢлսԱĹ
һÿһսӵƼ
ҵҫ㲻ᶮ국Ŷı޵ϼҵĶ飬һ˽Ļᡣ
𾪵ųϱƣȻűơֻ΢Ѱ˼һ£޵ֳֿЦݣҵĶҲУǿѣ
ǣȴֻһ
͸â֮ײΧսԱоԼͻȻС

Ӧǳͱޱøߴˣ
ϵЦ󣬳ҲֳЦݡ
ꡭ
һӹ̶һףעʴ䡣һ֮УȴȻڵסͱϲõЦݡ
һƺն˳ͱʧĿռ֮ϵϵƶڵ䣬ܿ볣졣
޵תԼפȥ˼ͣ½Ųͷų꣬ҵҵҫ
곯ű޲һЦҪˣ𣿡
޺ܸɴתͷԼפȥñֱ
꽫Ŀſȥ˵𣿡
صɫԥһ£漴ᶨҲҵҫ
ͷתͷһۻսԱʱսԱֱվڱ֮УĿᶨųꡣ

󲽳˸ߵأܿ컪սԱʧããĻ֮С
ӳȥģʯ˳
ȻȥҸɽˣѵӢɵվڸߵԡ
Ŷ


310 ͻ
ڳ꾫ȫ£Сʱ֮Ѱһ޴ɽٶ˳ɽ
꣬ʯȼڶʯţɽı꣬·ػػ硣ʯ۾Щ꣬˵Ĵ𣿡
֪һҶ֪ǻԴԶĵѾһֲͬѰУΪڸղţǸߵ֮ϣҸо
Ҳоˡʯ߽һ˵
˵ǻܾʲôĿѣȴܹԭɣ
ɽ
أµĿ紵ɽ档û˱עȴϸ
ϥڶڣ۾賿ʱ˯һǿվȻûٴδͨһξ۷ľȴǻȶ
ɽһսԱ˯߳ɽһһˬ
Ĳľӵ䣬һϪѶ¡ϪǰʼϴһսԱҲɽڳʼϴȻ㿪ʼԴӸԵıȡȵϪˮ
ӳǽʲôʯ׽Ŷʵ
۾˵ҾΧ׷ǵĿֲӾ˺ʹǵĲɱ֮Ӧʣ¼ˡ
ʯ۾һ˼ȥֲӵϳ
ᶨصͷ
һԵͯսҲͷͬǿʼ֮ǰõǣֲܹһǧˣ뾭Щǵʧֲӵᳬһˡֲӵʱ
˵ĲʯҲͬ˶һٽаɱ𣿡
ҵĴڻһӵ˵
ʯֳ˷֮ɫ̫ˣٽֻҪ׵򵽣Ҳɡ
ǡʯֳ֮ɫ˶ٽʵܹõ𣿾ҡҲûаգ
ģӲ˵а㵱Ȼ򲻵ٽƶٶһУܹġƷ弶ߣû˿⡣
ʯͻȻһҧӳһӣԴ죬ʱǻرס˶
ʯҪ˶ͬھ˵ʯûлᱧס˶лᱧס˶ҲôɡôڽԼĶѺ˶һ
ʯļ㲻õģûģ
˵һξȥһУļе˼Уһξļ򣬴ҶٵúǳȴĵȻʯҲĵ̹Ȼ
ʯһ£ͻȻԳЦӳҲ̫ģ˵ĴڣǺܹ˶ɵѾͻƵУˣ
Ŷɫһ
Ҳͻˣ
Ҳͻˣ

һȥȻÿһ˶˵Լͻˡһ¾óˡ
ӳѵûͻƣʯЦеʵ
ͻ˰ξ۷壡껰䣬̻Ȼ򣺡Ƕڸߵ֮ͻƵģ
ǣʯӵվ˵Ȼ֪ڸߵ֮Ϊʲô·Զŵľ֪ͨһжģͷ·һʱԿ״ʱյĴšӳлл
žʯų꾴һ
žеսԱų꾴һ񣺡ӳлл
ãȻô죬սԱ˲٣ֻʣˡͨμͻƣҲûһµȱʵҲеȱԭĶʮУ񶼱˴УξУսӵʵû˥ǿ˺ܶ࣬ڽֲϳֶ˼ְա
С
ŻսԱſֲӵϳɱȥ
Ȼ䣬žĴؼС
һ٣һԵҶ䶯˶Ǳǣ
һ򶷺ͱųǽӽȻתףһҲ˴򶷺ͱܣżе
ǿǣ
򶷺ͱѸٽӽ޺ͿǵĶ鱻ĹԳΧÿһԳҲɢŰ˽׵ϢžŽϢ
ȴǳһǵʵֻҪûǾܹԸ
ʱ޺ͿصҲ˻սӣϲɾһϲ֧ڳ뿪֮ҲӦ˹Ҳææȥ˸ɽꡣǺҹЩæȵȴԼ˾һԳϢ̫ˡ
챩עΪҹԳûзǡ֮ǸոմɽڳͱԳ֣ǾͱԳΧɱ
ɽҰĹԳǼʮﻹ汼ӡأ޺ͳĶԭ಻ǺԶǾͲɱϡ
ϣ겻ܼȣ̴ȵҪŶԸ˶
䣬˾ƷѾ˳ȥ
ʯʹǺõá顱ֱ죬Ǳ䵽˹Գһ˳ȥڿб顣
ͯսǱֲ֪ʲôʱһѶ̵ֽ󿪴ϣ̵ֶȴʮֹ죬һѪӹԳ쭳ͯսͬһĻǰֱسȥ
ֽȴһףǸ׾һצָ˸غ⣬мХնɱһԳ
һʮ׾ȫչеľƷոһԳͬʱҲעΧʱսԱƺԼ֮ǰصľչ˳ɱ𾪡
˭еư


311 ͷ
޵Ĵ󽣷ǳͣҪÿһһ˿ƣûԳϣǹԳͿʼηÿһ쭳һѪһѪ·
ͬһ󽣣Ȼȱ˱޵һ˿ƣȴ󿪴ϣԳĴɣѪء
İ弶Ѿ¶ˣʱ㲻أ弶ƵͬһƬƮƣڹԳȺתÿһͬҽǣ޼ѰһֻֻԳڳγȥԶʺ쭳һѪ˵ڵϡ
һСʱҵʱ䣬ԳһصʬˡѪԵζ
ЩԳȻ࣬ǱϾʵսӱҪһЩرǻսԱһ֮󣬱ʵȫǹԳ͸ֵġ
Ҳ˵ûսӶʿҪ˵ٺܶࡣ
ػѪվѾγСϪѪҺΧһȦԳʬ壬ÿһֻԳûͷ­ؾȻÿһֻԳͷ­
⻹̬ģ̬ǱޣΧŵĹԳʬ壬ÿһԳͷг룬Գһء
ǣ޺ͿȴĿⶼ˳ꡣ
Щвʵǿģڽһ࣬Ϊֻξ۷ʵ뱣޺ͿȫһȼɱĹԳȴһȱ޺Ϳ٣ɱĹԳҲûб޺ͿǿҵӾ
ڳվ֮ΧɵڵϵĹԳʬȱֻÿֻԳʺһ˿ڣҴʱ˿ѾᣬѪЩԳȴ͸ˣֻһͣǾǳÿһʮ־׼ж˹Գʺ˿رСһϾܹյһʲô̶ȡ
ֻǼֻԳñ޺Ϳ𾪣ǷɱĹԳˣڸղŹԳعУ꾹ȻƵ˾ȷĳ̶ȣͨ˿Ҳˣʲôо޺Ϳ־ӢеľӢôῴеļѡ
޺ͿصжһôҲ⣬ԳʵȼôڶĿϳѾУ۷ߣ
޵¶ϵ΢Цų˹ȥӳ弶Ͷ׼ĿƣͿȫ϶δҳųŶֵָý
صҲ¶Цݣˣδһرжӣûйƣÿһ˶ΪսȻҲżҵؾǲô˵ֵýύ˾һҪύδԼֻкôл
꣡
꣬õ
޺Ϳߵ˳ǰϴֿЦݡ
Ȼо˵ϣӵƷ弶ظоȻ֪ΪʲôͻȻˣҲѸչֿЦݵʵУֻܹȡɣң
꣬ʲôʵسʵһԵıҲĿ
ξ۷壡
޺Ϳضؿ˳һۣʮһξ۷壬ڵоżߡ
꣬ʵĺһصĿս⡣
Ҳǳڴһ죡Ҳˬ˵
Цⲻ۸𣿲ӽ׷ǣҵġ
޺Ϳһ£̶Ц
꣬ǽôʵ
ɫһ㶣ҹ˲Ǿܾ˼Լһôص˼ҪԼδȵףҲ˵꣬㲻ҪˣΪǣҲֻ
˲ף޺ͿһΪϡ٣жкܴΣգαԳΧɱǻսԱǡóֻ֣ʣ¼ˡ
һҲΪԼڴӳֲӵΧˣִŻսӰǴӹԳȺоȳԭ
ԭñ޺ͿԸнָȨԼ
ЩϾһλָսӵĻᡣǵСӮһŶָӱʼǣ껹ûġ˼ָӣϵذѴӱʼϵõ֪ʶõʵʵУоԼָӲڷٵؽ
Ҳƴǣʱƴǣһûеı֣ᱻԷᡣ
ã뿪Ѫζ̫Ũºܿ
˵ɫһ䣬һ̼ϣȻڳĴ³Ŵɱȥ
һСʱսӷ˽Ų޺ͿشӺ
꣬ȥģ׷ʵ
ȥ˶ϳ국˵
˶ϳ޺Ϳص۾һ׼Ҫ˶ϳˣ
ţͷ˶ϳĿֲӲᳬһˣǵʱҲףȻû˵Ŀľֲ֧ӡ
޺ͿһĬǱȿʵô֪˶ϳλã
ץֲӣǵĿе֪ġ
ǾȻܹץֲӣ˵ǵܹİٿֲҲǴֲӵĿе֪Ϣ

һԵʯ¶¶ĲŻӮĹ𾴣ҲǻӮ𾴣ҫġʯϸؽѡо·ߣֲӵƵһߵأץֲӣԼμİٿֲӡʯ彲þʣ޺Ϳù񫡭


312 ϳ
޺Ϳؿмĳ꣬һ־ĵӡǵֻǱӦУǻսڳĴȴسÿֲڲ֪аճĽߣָѾﵽ˴ϣĵز
ȵʵɳͷĹâ
ӳز֪Ѿӳƺ֣ΪƺΪӳ˶᲻ϳߣ
ᣡᶨ˵һ֪Ѿ֪ϳλãһ֪ϳȥҲߡϾϳռŵĶѾǴУܲҪ𡣶Ҫϳȴѵİ취һٽžԵţٽҲߡһϳѪȥӪϳġ
˶ٽЩߡ޵ͷ
޺Ϳû˶ٽݣɢ߰Ķ־Ҳ޵Ǳά͸ֵĺ
Ϣ
һ£սԭϢмžһƬ·ûһ֧սӡ
ֲӵϳ
ŭ˶ʱѾָ侲ķͬովһ籩ĴǸƬҲ̮ڵϣ˼ƬǽϵĴĻ滹ǶŲ豭̻Ҹ֮Ķ
ʱ˶վڵϣΪûһӡ
ڻжˣ˶ʵ˸Ŀ⡣
潫վһУ˵ǻʣ¾ʮĸˣٽУĸУУ߸Уʮ˸ξʮ߸ξʮһξŸϵȱ
˶ڵţͻȻͣϵļһƬɳС˽սӸҪｫᣡ
Уԥһ£ջǿ˵һй¶ǵĻأЩսԱ»ڵһʱڽǵλñ
˶ֹס˼Ѿˣ¾Ѿ֪ǵĵַһֱǾΪ˶սԱԣϳѾȫҪľǽӢþʹǵĥʯǾҪʹȻǾѸٳ룬ڽһء
棡һڷ
˶ȵ
һУ˽潫ǵԶڷս
ţ˶üëһȷ
ȷ
ǺǺǡһ˶ͻȻЦԽԽ󣬽ر˷شЦжЦỨ
ããã˶ͣЦҾͺúдһ
ͻȻͣסӣվڵıԵŶһɽ˹ȥսԱס˽Ų˲ѻȸ
°Ŷɽ˵˶ϳ
ͷһԵĿϸشһµɽȿĺۼ
ô죿޺ͿصĿⶼ˳ꡣ
ȴĿͯս⼸ѾԼ֮⣬Ҫ˵һָˣǾͯս
ͯսüͷؿɽڡ죬˵ӳҪһӽɽ̽顣
΢΢üͷͯսĽûʲôԡһСӽȥŪԷĻȷʵһܺõİ취ͬʱǸСӻϾСˡսѾ˲ˣ겻Ҫ˰ֵֵڣȽǵ״ָ̬۷˵
ৣ
еսԱֵֵڵ֮⣬ϯضԷˮʼ
콥ذƻѾٽ
۾ܵ˸Ӧһ㣬ڳ۾˲䣬ΧϯضҲ۾
꣬׼ҹϮ
ҡҡͷֻܹҹս̸ҹϮʱ˶Ѿ֪ˡ
֪ˣΧ˶һ
ôûһֲӳ⻹˵𣿡국˵
ɫһ̶Ȼʯ˵˵һӲ̰
ȷʵӲ̣վŵ࣬ȴվ˺͡Ƕɽڵֻеȵɫ΢һǺ֮ʱϵĲࡣ
ͯս˵ڰ컹ϽȥֲӶڰǶںڰУôҲܹһƣ벻ôԵسΪֲӵİӡ
˵ǰָӹǲԴżˣһֲӵϢǣȥֱһٽ
诵ţžҶ诵һʱ֮ĬãȻһ̾治֪ȥ֮Щսѵļˣ
Ǿǰӽˮָӹ٣صͳ˵
ôܹЩָӹٵӢ䣿Ӧ˵ǾһȺƨĴ
޵˵֮˶һۣǺǡЦ
ӳʲôʱжͯսʵ
ѰָŶɽȹȿԵͱڵ˵Ұ۲ߵͱڣӦŷ£ߵ־һƬ׵ĿأǾȥûʲô𰡣
Ļһ䣬̾Զ۲ţȻɫѺڣеĶȸԶܹ͸ͱڿͱںĿֲӡ
Ȼŷ¡
ʵЩֲĸоһ
ȰĿֲӸɵʯҧ˵
ôɣ
ȥʯӵվ
ȥ޺Ϳͬʱվ


313 ɽȿ
ǻȥɣʯ嵭˵ѾͻƵУˣոһЩ
޺Ϳɫһϲֳһ˿ɥ
ʯ壬ѡˡæⲻ󡣡
䣬Ӽȡ˾ѻǹʯľѻǹ۾һ⼸Ǽʶ˳ľѻˮƽǼֱ޷ݡˣ͸ӵаա
껣һȥ
ǣ
껴ӵվ˿ʼԼıըȻų֣ҹɫŶжȥ
˾ѻǹ΢΢۾˶޺ͿÿһȸԶһעһߵİеĿֲӡ
꣬ˣվڰڵǰ棬˺档ԷӦڣվŵ˾ÿһڡ˵
Ҳǣص˵ǵվˣ״̬Ӧÿûзʯǡ
ûֻעŶ档˵ʵܿڣڰԶҲ塣Ϊͱ֮ϴʵ٣ͿͱڵֻܹȣŶ֮ǵǹжڡ
˽ŵҰУʯѾȥʮסÿ˶оԼҪؿڡ
б仯𣿡ʵ
޺Ϳ̾˳ʰ֮ڵĿֲӣǵվûз仯Ƿ״̬
ûУ
ûУ
޺Ϳصش
žҹʯĵŶİ
ɽȿİ֡
б仯𣿡
ûУ
ûУ
ɽȿʮˡ
б仯𣿡
ûУ
ûУ
귢ԼˣľȻʼˡⲻΪԼţΪʯ껽šһҹɫѾɽȿڲ׵ʯ껣ٴʵб仯𣿡
ûУ
ûУ
غͱ޵Ҳ͸¶һ˿ţܹоԼҵ
Ǳˣ
ͬʱı޺Ϳص˵
ľһ񣬶ʱ򣬴ɽͱͻȻǹǹһɲǣԭǰʯԾڿطǹ
ա
ǹ죬еľѻǹӵֻ˲䣬ǹȥ
ա
ӵӾѻǹ˳ȥұߵǹҲȥ
ڶɽȿవеǹôһ˲ʯ껵ѾԾŶɽȿ񱼶ȥ
ߵڶ޼˵
ף߰еĵڶѾпֲ׼
ա
ҹһǹ죬Ǹڰиո׼ĿֲӵüıһѪһԵڵϡ
Ҳ
ƾԼǿļ䣬̽ѻǹ׼˼Ҳڡ
ա
ҲవеڴĿֲҲӦء
Ҳһ
ա
δȳʱµĸڶͷų棬ʯ˴ʱѾɽȿڲʮס
ա
žѻǹǹһڵĿֲӱɵеĿֲжһԷȻľѻ֡еǹһ٣һףǹٴ˳
Ѿðͷǹû׼ͷֻäĿغɨĻʯܹͬһһ㣬ãֻ˲Խ˰ʮ׵ľ룬ֱͱ֮¡
ա
ٴӵǼеǹڼüͷ΢΢һ塣
꣬˷ӵˣеĿֲӶǶŵģ򲻵ǡ޵˵

³һ˾ѻǹȡȸԶŶ˹ȥ
ȻʣµֲӶǶŵƣʱȸԶ˴ԶŰ˹ףǰӦһͨʱпֲͨԮ
ʯ͵شһһűըʹ˽ȥ漴һԾ˹ȥһűը˽ȥȻ˵ڣٴӽһűը
䡭
ıըͱڶڲԶŶţ¶˲õЦݡ
ǱըǽʣµĿֲըˣҽͨըˣȸԶܹЩǰԮĿֲͣ˽ŲȻתˣžӣȸԶоԷʧڳǵԶС
ϣ
һ£սŶɽȥܿͷֱܵߵͱ֮£ͷȥɽ
ɽȿȥƽߣɽȿڵһƬߵһƬֻǿ״üͷ
ֲ˱Ҫ˶ϳûǲܡ
ɽڼţҹɫпһʮ׵ľʼȫſģһʮڵûʲô쳣óȸԶ۲졣
ಡ
һӵ˳ľ磬һͷǿӵХ
ѻ֣
ֲҲоѻ֣
걳ͱڽüͷڳ겢֪ĿֲʲôװҲдڣҪڣֻҪӵͻͲսӵ϶ŷ£Ҳȥ
սڷֻз£ڹ治꣬ȱҲֻǹͱը
װ
ͷЩ
ԼŴսӵĲ⣬ĸҵսԱĳʱİսԱһܴڣȫԴֱؽ˶ϳƽ


314 ѻ
Ҳսӣȷʵһܵ飬ǲҲǵĵ
ӳô죿޵ʵ
ʯ壬غͯս˵ĿҲ˳ꡣؽĵνһ£Щ˶ǾľӢһܵĵαһüͷ
ð찡ҡҡͷɫء
ǲð죡ͯսص˵Ǹûа취ȥǵ̫һˣȥ
ҪͻƸܣҳͻƣû·ߣ޵Щꡣ
˶Ŀⶼ˳ꡣ˵ֻ˵һؿǴ˵һؿ֪ʲôĹؿ
ӳɫЩԥǲǽ㱨
ûõģҡͷǵʮ죬һظһ񣬲Ԯ˶ϳǾǵռǿԲܣھͳߣ˵ʲôǻᱻЩᡣ
ΧսԱĺôǶ뱻Щᣬûʲô취ֽĿ˳ܱ꣬޺ͿسвϣǵǱʶѾѳָӹٵλϡ
ͻȻֳЦݵֲӵһˣһˣѾɱˣǾʣ˾ʮˡǵĹؿûˣһֻһ
Ҫô˵Ŀⶼضųꡣ
ӵվȰѶԷǸѻָɵһˣ˳ٹ۲һɽڵĹؿ
䣬꾹Ȼͱڵ壬վɽȵ룬жžѻǹش
꣡ʯսԱȻ
ಡ
һӵһǿӵֻ˲˳ľռ䣬Ѿ˲˾ѻǹһӵͬʱŽ뵽Լǿӵȥ˲ǿӵٶȣȻֻǷһ˿ٶȣҲ㹻ٵһӵȻ΢ƫǿӵڳХ

ҹУ洫һҽС
һҽ֮ҹջָ˼žվɽȵ룬Ŷ˹ȥɽڵĵαϸع۲š
ɽͱںսԱ𾪵ų꣬ʯȻսԱҲ𾪵ųꡣ
֪ľѻˮƽǿȴû뵽ǿ̶ȡղǿɲǳѻˣںͿֲӵľѻֶ䣬ҺԳ괦ڼΪһ档
ǾɽԷľѻָɵһ侲ض˶Էľѻ
һξܹɳ
ѻⷽͲ˵ˣⷽʵȼûйϵھѻͬʱҪѻֵӵǿžʵˡ
ҪôжӦ˲ı
ѾΪУʯҲû˿İ¶ֲӵӵ
ಡ
һӵӶ漤
ٵ뵽ڵӵȻܣӵХ洫һҽС

ҲݡһŹ緶ı޲˴ֿڣôģ
ҿòˣҡͷЦնӳĹ㣬ֲӾʣ¾ʮˣվǶˡ
Ļδ䣬ͼ˫ڵһߣͬһųŵڵһǳ˹
䡭
һڵڳղվĵطը죬ɣ˲ըһӡ
귭ӵݺݵһڵǹȻлͲ
Χĵģû˻Ӧ죬ͻȻݺݵڳļϴһȭݣܹȥ
ɽС
˶ָģʣµʮĻͣر任ųɽڸĳղųɽȿڱͲܵĳ
˶һŴϣԱһϵȱôẓ̇Ļϵĳָô򣬲ͣر任
ǸѻֺǿȻܹ㿪ڣǣܵýɣҾ㡣
ţ
ʱڴĻ֮Уֳɽȿڡ
ž
һĻϵĻˣɽȿڵһͷһǹ򱬡
žƱӱϵ˶һֱӣǸϵȱͣûż̵ָҲֹ
ȡɽͨһͷ˶˵
ϵȱָɿڼԾһʾϳ˻棬һɽȿڽԶͷʱԳһӰ
顭
һŻųػų꼤ͬʱһѻҲһӵ
ա
һӵбǰ˹ȥ뵽һʮ׷Χ֮ڵӵڵȥͬʱȥ˵ڵء
䡭
ڳǿڵըˣĳͬʱӶ洫һҽС

һ
ȻӵԾ
顭
ಡ
ͬʱĻںͳľѻǹ
һбǰȥ洫һҽУڳıһ
žûоѻ־ѻ꣬Ҳûл꣬꾲վɽͨ룬Ŷķ
ʮˣʣ¾ʮ
겻֪ǣɽڵĿֲӴʱֻʣ˰ʮĸֲѾʶ˳ľѻˮƽǲҪ޹͵ԷǸսԱֲ̫ˣֻҪһܹٶ׼λãһ
ԣֲӷԶѻҹɫоųꡣ
֨
һ˶վʾϵĳ꣬˸Ŷһ⡣


315 ǿ
ʾϵĳ꣬Ǻ뿴꾿Ҫʲôѵ߽ɽȣ
̤
ٲǰȥȥд⣬·ɽˮľѾʩչ˼¡
ͻȻǹ
ž
һͷһǹ򱬣˶ŵǿʾˡ˶һץͨѶϵȻǹ
ž
һǹһͷȻͣס˽Ųɽ֮ͨڵͷѾ򱬣ʱվĵطĽѾԶǰҾʹﵽǹе̷Χ
վԭأȫſͬʱ۾ǰϸشš
һúصʯͷһĹ£ռݵĵλһϺ졣
ʱڶ¥ڣֲһ˳ֻ꣬ųǰ߼ǾͻὫƬ
ǳȴһվֲȻĽȴҿǹ꿪ǹû˿в˵ᱩ¶ԼλãѻֶǿڸղŶʶ˭ҲðǸա
ĿѲţµԸһͨС·ƶ˸أµߣҲûпĵΡ
Ȼ䣬ĿŶ¥ߵȥظоһɱ
ѻ֣
Ƿһ˿Цһһѻ
ڳĿڶڵʱǸѻоһ漴ȴǽڵĺ棬Ϊ˳̧еľѻǹ׼˹
顭
Ǹѻֵҵں£ͬʱҲһ˿⡣׳ôģƾʲô
ʵǿԼƷ弶ܹظоԼɱǻܹ˵ԷղֻŻһ¶Է
ȻȵǸѻٴδǽںԴʱȴ߷ߵطֳžѻǹһһغš
ʱ볯ų꿪һǹңֻ֪ҪԼһǹͻᱩ¶ԼλãͻᱻУûаմӳǹ
˻ɽȿڣȡȸԶȸԶЩֲѸٵشӸڰͷ˻ȥ겻ҡҡͷԶص˱޵˵ߡ
ôʵ
һѻ֣ʮֲӡҡɫص˵û취ֻǿһ·
ǿ
޺Ϳһۣ϶¶εı顣ǿĽҶܹ뵽ûԼȻнİˣԷֻʮˣȴδܹ¶ءܹʧԲС
ľû취ˣزĵʵ
ҡҡͷе˶Ĭ
Ҳûлᣡ
˵˵Ŀⶼų˹
ֻҪԷĻѹסܹռ¡ǰѶԱֳ֣ѡʮΪͻΪһռĹ£µΪڶѹƶԷĻͻӴᣬΪ־ѻˡ
ǶԷлͲ
һᾡܵ˵

е˶һ㶣ʯգһ۾׼ôڣ
ţͷ
ǡ˶
һᾡʡ׵
ãʯݺݵصͷʮͻԱЩУɡ
ҡͷһҪμӡ
ͻӱһҲᶨ˵ܹʲô¶ǻռȥˡ
ǡʯЦõű޺ͿصҲ𣿡
ǣͬصͷ
ˣ˵ͻӱ޺Ϳزμӣʮ˸ǻУѡͻʯ嵣ζӳ
ǣʯ壬غͱӦ
ͯս

ѹƶԷĵڶָӡ
ǣ
ʼ׼ɣ
ӺսӿʼжˣİٵսԱɽȥžɽؽŲ
ǰ棬ֶžѻǹֶŴڣǶʮͻԱսԱ
¥ڵĿֲӿʼһֲѸٵͨ潫Էȫʼǿʼǿˣ
ҶסԮϾ͵˶Ѹٵ´ڶСӣС֧ԮһСӡ
սԱٵǰͦţĿֲûпǹΪûдﵽ̾롣ͬʱǵҲһﵽ̾룬ԼʮҲסϾԷ̫ࡣǸʱԼҲ̫ˣֻҪסӣԮͻᵽ
¥ϵǸֳֻͲĿֲɫԥţ֪ʱֻԼͲܹ򵽶սӣֺԼһڣͻᱻ귢֣ڳűܵη塣
۾ͻȻһͲ¥İǽϣںλãȻԼſ˰ǽ¿۶˰
顭
һŻХ˳
顭
Ѹٵ̧֣һ䣬һŴڼͬʱֵľѻǹһӵ
䡭
ǿŻڰб׵䱬ڿбѣͬѤ̻
΢΢üͷܹоԼǿžѻӵûд򵽶Էʱһžѻӵ˳ľ硣
Ե
󺰵ͬʱŲһֵľѻǹ⡣
顭
¥ڣǸѻֵüıӵᴩ
𣡡
ͯսٶǹ棬Ŷбȥ˲ҹգٶǹ˶潨Ĵڡ
Ԥ
ʯ巢ʮͻԱÿ˵дʱһűը
Ͷ
ʮͻԱԼڵУԼؼʮűըͬʮһ˶Ĺ¡


316 һ׶εʤ
ĿֲӾԭܹѰǹĿֲĴʮűըһ˽֪ˡ
һը˶¥¥ղλá¥¥Ǹֲӵ˻Ͳèź˹ȥһӶ¥¥ĵϡ
ϣ
ʯһŶ˹ȥ
䡭
ʮűը׼ӽ˴ڣӴȥһƬ⡣
ݵĶʮʱ䣬ʮͻԱѾĹ²ʮסûбըĿֲӸոĶٶǹк˹ȥŅ̀ͷѹƵ˲䣬ʮͻԱѾ嵽˹µǰ棬߿˴ţ˽ȥ
壡
ͯսһ£ٶսԱŶĹ³˹ȥվԭһ΢˫ۣɨŶĹ£׼ѻκһǹĿֲӡ
սӺ׾ռ£׵˳ϡΪǵʱֻ˲һְӣǰԮĿֲӻûеʣµǼֲӼѾֵסսӵĹɴʹӹºĴ˳ȥˡ
սӴʱѾ˷£ոս뵽λãʹǹԭǿֲӵԮˡ
˫໥ţڳǹµĺ棬һ壬ֲǰƽţӵڿкХ˫ŷ£ֻҪӵǻ¶λãûʲôˡ
սӵؼңֲҲڲƽ
ಡ
ĿֲӳһƬըǹ˿зıը
䡭
кһƬ̻ͬѤҹա
η˶¥¥Ȼ￴һͲһ
Ѹٵ˻Ͳװ˻èֲӵһ࣬ĵ¶Դ
䡭
һ屻ݻ٣ĿֲӱƬ
ա
ǹų걬˹һɣ˫һ߰ǽӾһߴ˳ȥ
䡭
¥ıը¥ڵսӿǹأڿб졣
ѸٵִܵڵĸǰɿְװһڵȥٴѡһλýͲ˳ȥ
䡭
ܹʮһŻ½˳ȥԶʼԶʮһȫݻ٣ȴǰѿµ
һڿֲһĵξͳ˶ϲ㣬ڱûݻٹ֮󣬳һƬأĿֲӹͱ뾭ǶûĿأѾĿֲҪȥͬҪǶοء
Ƿһ˿ЦͲӵһߣȸԶ·Ŀֲһһ˹ȥ
ʮֲӣȴ彫ͨĵ·طסսԱֻܹڹﱻܹȥ
սҲųȥȴʮ֮ε˻ԷȻͦػǹϣսһƻˡ
ȸԶпһֲӵƣѸٵطԶ˾ѻǹǹڻۡ
顭
ӵڿйһ䣬ۡһһֲӵۡ
Ѹٵر任λãһٴζȸԶ
ա
һͦػǹųɨ˹Ѹ˫һ߰ǽӾʹ˳ȥͬʱűըڿ˹̱սӵǹڿд򱬡
ǶԷҲȸԶпԼ
ſڵȸԶ͸ǽȥ鿴˸ղԼǹǸػǹ֡ʱǸػǹҲ͸ȸԶ˳꣬ͨĳƣҲܹжϳڹ۲ӹһ˿аͱ¶ͷҿξѻ
ѸٵطԶ˾ѻǹǹڻۡ
顭
һӵ˳ȥǸػǹֻȸԶڿų꣬˳ĶϼЦ˾ѻǹΣ̧ͷһȸԶһִ˰ϣֻų¶ͷ
ɫͻȻһ㶣ǹǹҪʲôǹ
ûеȵŪô¶ȸԶͱ飬һʹʧȥ֪
ʣµĶʮֲһ־壬̫ˣ⾿һʲôľѻ֣ǻҲߵ̫˰ɣ
ϻľѻ
ûû
顭
һͦػǹҲƻˡ
顭
һĿֲӵˡ
顭
һ
ֲˣԼǾǶԷѻֵĻӣʱʣµʮֲҲ˲ǿأӻᱩ¶ڶԷǹ֮£һڳ˳źӴܡ
Ҳǲ֪һǶԷľѻ־ѻӵɣÿ˶˽һ档ǣ겻һӰǶֻҪԼУֻҪӵʱ䣬ǾͿԳء
ڿֲӿʼ˲䣬ͯս͹ϵط˳һսԱŴһ߳һſֲɨ䡣
ٶǹǹ̫ܼʮֲֻ˲ͱͷ­ʣµļվݶ֮ϵĳڲһڴͷ­
ȫһֲ֮սԱѸٵس˷£ȻǴɨս֮ͦػǹҲɻ˻
ֵ֮󣬳´ΪŸӲпսǰȴǡ
ÿһսԱʱһʱ˵ĶѰȻǼԼǹеԼĵҩͱը
ݶϵĽվֵڵսԱͦػǹݶƬءֻҪͦػǹֲҪͨƬأԻ˲ء
ǿֲڻжˣʧ


317 һս
һ
һƴӣǿ˵Ϸֱų꣬ʯ壬ͯս޺Ϳء
γʱսӵĺġ
ΪӢͰĶӳȻսѾûһ˼˿صˡ
ΪϷĶӳ
ʯʱʵϾǻսӵĶӳΪʱѾΪܶӳ
ͯս¶һָӲ֮󣬱ϣѾΪ֧Ĳı
˺ġ
ΧսԱ˵񶼴һ˿塣
޵ͦñֱһʿ緶쾡µر˳
صҲͦñֱַûţϢӡ
ʯͬͦñֱͬһʵıͷơ
ͯսͦǹһ㣬˾ͬһ˰ǹ
ȴǿӱϣͬһͬһûгʵı˭Ҳ֪ѱһ֮󣬻εذԵ
ĸͦñֱȴһָоǵľǸӱ΢΢۾ĳꡣ
ޣԲʿ֮仹ϵ𣿡غʵ
ҡҡͷûУֻҪѪʿ֮໥Ӧ֪ǸոտѪԾǰҲ֪
˵Ҳʵأ֪սʱǼ廹лʢټ߸һȦӣ֮仹ϵ𣿡
صͷȻֺؿһ΢΢۾ӱϳ꣬תͷʯʯ壬Ƕǻо֪ǧʷźܶ壬˵Ӱټҡ
ʯ΢΢һЦ˵ĲǻԴԶźܶǧĴ塣Ӱټ˼Ϊ塢īݺᡢӡũС˵ҽȣѾһ壬ұؿʮǧŸ˼Ѭա
üëһ˵Ҳ˵ӰټѪͳѾˣ
ʯɫһͣаһ˽⻪ӴϵֻؽѪͳ
ضڳǾģǶڳ굣ܶӳǲġΪĳ֣ΪԼһԱʧ̫Լһӵеλսӵһôսӵܶӳһ
ҲһѻֵλãͯսǿԸԼıԵ걳ӱһ˿ɢΪ˵ģЩ
ǸλӦҵģ
ָص£ųʽ΢Ц꣬ҶԹļ廹Ǻ˽⣬֪ǳǸ壿
ʯɫúѿſ΢Ц޲һȭá
΢΢۾ſЦЦ΢΢۾·صֵֻôЦЦ
ǣزôΪΪһƽˡ¶һ˿߸ϡ
ңҵ֪һͯսͻȻЦе˵һͯսͻȻ¶ЦݣϤĳһ̫ˣ֪СҪ̡
Ŷص¶Ȥģ
ȻԻʷһЩ˽⣬Ӧ˵ɣ
˵۾һ֪˵Ĺ£Һ
ͯսһЦսʱΪϷرǳׯʱ֮ǿĪ֮档ܳߣʦ֮ӯ֮ᡣܳӯܣʧܺ£پɽΪݵأͼչʱ֮䶼ڵžͬСǨ۫ʼĹųڶʱΪϷһʮǿսڳأΪʹԹΪߣƳգʼ֮Ϊյĵʼ档ǳңѪ
ǻоһ½жɣ
ֱͦһ˲ͬԵգ˵Ŀ˹겻òͯսĻ˵ȥ֪ȾʲôزǰС«ûô໰
ָպ˲豭һˮܿϻһ׵ͼ
ʱ˶ķ˳ǰվǰĲʮֲӣͷһֲбϢ
׼˰ɣͳȥЩ±ԶеǺһӲ̣
ÿһֲӵ϶˲̵ЦǴʱѾսԱеûƺֻһڣټǸոսɻͦػǹװȫǿ
¥ϡ
ָŻϵصͼ˵ȥһƬأڿصľͷǲûзֲֿӣ
ָŵͼϵһڵǲ˽䴦ӦһСȥһ¡
һԵͯսվʼһʮɵС߳˷£Ǹ䴦Ǳйȥ
վߵ˴ȥޣأʯͯսҲվڴʮսɿͨء
ʮսһ·ûܵκϮܿؾǸ䴦κνұϣһսӴӶͳһСӣĵ˳ȥ
ա
һӵ˹С˲䱻÷飬Ǹսÿ죬ֻ־ͱˡ
ʦһ˲䣬ǸսԱҲ˴ŵһƣʮ˱ٵų˳˻
棡ǸսԱʱվڳǰ
ʲôʵ
ֻǿһţǸ䴦ĺһƬأڿصĶһ£ֲӴԼʮңʹõıûп


318 嶯Ĵ
ͷȻֲѾ˹䴦һߣǾһȥɣ
û飬һҹĵҶָ۷״̬һӵس˷£Ŀسȥ
ܿ죬սԱͨ˿أ˹䴦
˹
һսԱһȻһơ˹ͷǱ˹䴦ͱڱԵȻ͵ؽͷ̾˳ȥ
ա
һƬܼǹ𡭡
ۡ
˹ԴͬʱǹԵ˳ȥ
ա
һƬܼӵ˹ֻ˲ӵкڸ˹ϡɫŷ£ʱûбӵ͸ǿԴȴϡҿֲƺܲ⣬ӵŸ˹кֱӵݻ˷£˹ɸӡ
ÿ˵ɫΪ԰ףظⶼڲѾȫʧ
ղڷڱͯսһڳĻƵܲˬ֮ڳûпڵʱø˹ȥ̽䴦һߵȶ֣ʮʱĿֲʣ¼ʮˣþƾϷļʮҲаսĿֲ£ݾ֡
ǽǲпģ˹ֻ¶һͷͱɸӡֻһͣǾǶԷĿֲһֱ׼ߣֻҪðͷǸͲ׼һǹʮǹѾκһطҲ˵ܴĸ߶ͷǻδ㿴ͻᱻͷ­
ʱҲһƣ䴦ͨʮף֪ж೤ͨͨһƬأķ¾ж೤ľҲֻҪһ·ͷͳ˿ֲӵĻӡ
ҪŪľ䴦ͨж೤ֲͨӵķж೤ľ롣
ǲô˵ͨһƿԷʮǹĽȫ˳ڣȻÿһսԱŷ£³ܵҲи޶ȣοͷûз
ڳ˼Ĺ򣬿ѾƲסԼκͷŭ˹õѣǸµģ˹͸˿ֲӡоΧսԱĿⶼرǻսӺͱ޵£Ŀж¶
ʵһִʱû˻ȥÿ˵˼Ƶϡ
ǿصѾʧȥ˿ơ
顭
ص˫һ壬ξͳ˳ȥͬʱд󺰣ҳ壡
˾㵵ıУѾ˳ȥϷǵսԱҲ漴˳ȥ
ֱӳ˳ȥðͷÿֲӵǹûд򵽿أǻдӵкϷսԱϣ÷¡ۡ죬һϷǵսԱֱӴԴ
ɫһ䣬顱һڵһߣξʹͳ˳ȥſ׷˹ȥͬʱȥ
ա
ܼǹʮǹڿһ߹ᴩ˿ռ䡣
ա
սԱҲʼǴʱǶ˳ʼźˣֻпػ˫ǰȥѾͨ
ȻǹͣҲǳ˲һ룬ҵǹͬʱš顱Ļڵ
顭
˲Ŵ׵ŻڿأŻͷųıǰĿȻƷɣų˹
һץס˵ɹĿأ˫ڵߣ˳ȥͬʱеĴڡ顱˴׵ͷӵڿء
顭
˫ͱһߣбŷ˳ȥڵһվѾ㵽˹䴦ұڵĺ档
ظմӵ
顭
޷ĿرݺһȭϣĵظյһһֻžͳСݺݵ˹ȥ
顭
صӾ͵˳ȥݺݵصڵϣûеȵӵ궼ͬһس嵽ǰһץסĺ쳯ͨڡ
ʱұһξ룬б䴦ͨȥܹʮʬڵϣеսԱеϷսԱĴץſصĲӶݺݵغҿϸˣǶΪġΪĳ嶯۵ʮû㣬㲻Ҫ۱ˣ
еսԱſأϷǵսԱҲĿ⡣ͬʱĿҲһЩη
ǰֻľѻˮƽָԶδηĳ̶ȡ񿴵Ŀط쭣ȴǿ˳һ档
ǵûκβһְȫУһ֧ӵͳǿƣֻǿƵĲܹǿҵİȫУܹ֧ǿƵעһꡣ
Ź䴦ʮʬ壬ˮͬʧ˻һţôô
Ȼ̧ͷų꣬źôֲô
ڸղſֲǹһٵ˲㻻ЩʮսԱ
˿أһŲԶ䴦ʬ壬Ѿסֲ֮ԸտʼԼΪֲֻȻŷӲ壬ȻٻԼһֲ
ֲӳɹˣ
սʧʮ
ղųȥ˲䣬Ѿ䴦ͨǲֻңһƬȴҡ
ľڣþǷɽҲɲôԶֻҪܹɱֲӣԼⷽʧڲⱩ¶ԼǾߡ
ҾԼþѻǹþӵȸԶʹ͸ôʯȥ۲죿
ﻹй۲Ļ᣿
԰ɣ
꽫ڷ˵ϣȡ˾ѻǹغԼ״̬ѡ


319 ƻ
еսԱų꣬ǿѻǹ׳ҪʲôڳľѻˮƽǶʶĻ嵽˼㣬ʱÿ˵жЩֿԿĻˡ
顭
η˳ȥ
ա
ӵк˹
顭
һǹ˳ȥͬʱ˫һߵأαұڵĺ˻ȴһƬʧ
ܳȥ˲дӵк˹мӵײϣȻûдķ£ȴӰûдпֲӡ
ʱҲӵһųһ֧ӣҰѶԷ£
ûֻ΢΢üͷ
ϴû׼Ѿ˽˶ԷĻңһΣصĿüᶨ
ãڵͷ
תͷ֮ʮ˵Ϸ˵˭Ը¿ֲӵأ
ž
еϷսԱǰһûĿȴ¶˼ᶨ
ãص۾Щʪ󣺡ǹ֧Ӻҳ壡
γܿر˻˫ֽ߬еǹϵıЩӳٸһλᡣ
ҡҡͷأ飬ΪһӳҲӦڵľƣ壬
صı仯˼أɥ˵ô죿
ӳһԵͯս˵ѾˣʵǾͿʮһͿˡǱѰ취
֪ͯսķѵİ취Ӿ½ǶϿ覴á
Уһ˳òأζʧܣҲΪһЦʧߣֻǰʿûк˵ʿ
ӳͯսųꡣ
ӳҲغ
ӳصɫͬĽôȥģɽ
ӳʯ建˵ͯսһĲıǡʱǡĶԲߡǣﶼ֪ǲأǾʧߡ
֪һ룡
е˶žһ˫˫۾ۼڳϡȴųľһӵʱ䣬չ˽üë޺ͿжһǴʱûע⵽ʱǱʶѾʼϰ߷ӳꡣ
Ҳûа취ռֲһأ˵
ʲô취еսԱ۾һ
ǻжٱըʵ
еսԱȻ򣬲ԼһֲֲֻȴƾЩ¶Էǳ롣ǣܹըӵԷУǾɱ޴󣬶ܹñըըһ˲䷢档
ǣ漴еսԱֶǡ
һð취βܹըӵ棿
ֻҪһ¶ͷ»ûаѱըӳȥ˾ѾˡҾôһӳȥҲûã̫СһᱻԷڿءҪıըóȥٵһʮűըӳȥ㱻ֲһ룬ʮűըӵأ𵽾ʤá
ǣ
ܹȥӮӳըĻἸһ㡣
ȥӣصһƬᶨ
ӳͯս֪ʱԼѾסľֻ侲طţҪʮսԱ
صͷ
ǾǳʮˣмܹӵͶըĻ᣿мӮ˻ᣬڿֲӵ£ӵֲӵ𣿡
Ҵȥǰһ
ҵģ㲻Ҫضݺݵصűޡ
㲻Ǳ߻ʣ¼ˣʮ˶ղɣ޺ʾصſء
ޣǵҲ࣡ʯ忪˵ǻɰɣ
޺Ϳһʯ
תͷųӳϣܹǣǾˣ
Ҳų˵ӳľˡ
ڰֵ˵ܹɳʮȥͶͶսԱؼģؼͶ֮Ҫٵռֲӵأ˶γΧΧ˶ٽҪǿͶеѡûлĴУ
˵תͷʯʯ壬жٴУ
ʮλʯ̻ش
ãסʮλУĿͶͶ֮Ծٶȳ϶ԷأΧ˶ܹʱɱսԱƴҲҪȦס
ǣ֤񣡡ʯ塰žһһ
޺Ϳصһ˿죬žԵİܹͶ齫ըͶֲӵء
ǡ
Ҫβܹ
޺ÿؽĿⶼ˳ꡣ
˵˵Ͷ飬ʯ壬޺ͿطֱѡʮͶԱǰսԱķÿͶԱ£Ӧֵܹһʱ㹻ըͶȥ
޺Ϳص۾һð취̫ˣ
ӳҪμΧɱ˶Ķ飬ȻҲǴУϣӳᣡ˵
ӳҲǣҲμΧɱ˶Ķ顣صҲֳһ˿
ʱжףΣյսѾȥͶΧɱ˶ٽܹؿһжлսԱȥɣص֮󣬵ȴǵľһĻںޡ


320 Χ˶
û˿ԥ֪˿̲ܹܾҲ޷̵ܾͷãѡͶȻΧɱ˶Ķ顣
ǣ֤񣡡޺ͿҲ֣صų꾴һһų꾴֮ǰȻҲӳȴûжԳ֣صؾ
ӵʱ䣬ʮսԱÿ˴£ÿ˶Ŷ£ÿ˾ָһűըΪ˼ԼϵĸأԼӵ¡
ұڵһߣһվǰʮµͶ֣ʮͶֵĺվŻĶʮ˸Уб޺Ϳɵĵڶ顣ǵЩϻŷµսԱΪ飬Щѷ·׳ȥսԱ˵վΪ飬Ҳûа취˭սʵء
׼𣿡ʵ
һ׼ϣ
ڶ׼ϣ
׼ϣ
׼ϣ
һ顭ϣ
ಡ
ʮսԱ˳ȥ
ա
ܼӵк˹ӵͬһػʮս۵ϡսԱǵٶʩչ˼ޣֻǶͷӵŶ漱ٵرš
ۡ
ʮսԱѾоϵѾ򴩣ֻʣһķ¡ǣʱѾ˳ȥ
顭
ʮսԱע˫֮ϣ߸ߵԾڿȫչͬһĹ
ಡ
ڶҳ壡
һѸٵĹעŵףǱͬһųŵڵһس˳ȥ
ʯ壬޺Ϳû뵽ȳȥһ˫ڵߣ˳
䡭
ʮűըʮӵ˿ֲӵϣıͬʱһֱըͶ˳ȥ
顭
ͶսԱԴ飬·ȥ
䡭
ŵһֵıըıըֲӵһƬң赲ڶֵıըʮűը˶ֲӵ֮ϡ
䡭
ֲӵ֮ʯ졭
ͶսӶԱһӿ
ಡ
ʮӰǵͷӹǳΧɱ˶սԱʯͼʵǿսԱʱѾԽ˳꣬еǹһŭոſֲӵ
˶ɵˣȫû뵽սԱɱƵж߽ļƻֵıըѾʣĿֲɱֻʣˣڳǵɨ´ˣʱһƬֻ֮ʣ˶һˡ
ಡ
ʯ˸Ѿ嵽˶ǰ
顭
һӵǹΪ֪ƾǹѾԸһٽߣ׷ȡԼԾ˿˶һ
˶ʱֻʹʹԼòγ˹ģǰЩսӻһ¡
һٽ߸һȺУֵܹģʱȥЩսԱ˦
ôȥҪɱһЩսԱ޷йԼŭ
ʯ˸˳˹˶Ĵڷһ塣
顭
һƬʯµĴһƬѣһѷ조ǡչ
˶η˿УģزӰ켣ʮֵزΧİ˸Уȫܹ˶塣
顭
ʯȰ˸У߷׷׵˳ȥһѪ
һ٣ͣס˽Ųӵչһʮף˶棬΢΢˫˶
ಡ
߲ͣдУ˹޺Ϳض˹ȥ˶˹ȥ
顭
ʯȰ˸Ҳӿ䵽˵棬صһɲ˫Ȼһ壬һγ˶Χ˹ȥ
顭
ʮ˺˶һ𣬲ʱ˱˶ɣǶʮսԱȴ޷˶һΡ
ٽʹУȻֻһ󼶣ǲȴͬ蹵һ㡣
˶ڼ֮໹˲ԶĳһܴڣںܹҪסǰ£Ҳ˵ôӵС
ǶĿһ
ΪܹٽԼĸоٶȣһͨսԱܹģ
֪ǳ겻һߣһߣʵǿľߡ
Ѿε˶ľַΧ֮ڣ˶һеƶ켣չʶС
顭
˶ڿмͬһԾһ׳Ĵͬһܼתķ糵ֻһ˲㽫ΧսԱ˳ȥڳĶܹͷĶ
ڣ
顭
˷ŭڻһſӵ˶壬һΧܵĹ켣ȫһǶȡ
ٽٽȻʮ𾪣ЩȻ꾹Ȼܹ˶е˲ȡᣬײһΣСĽǶȡ
顭
˶۱һŴ׵Уըǣ˶ȴѾ˳꾫õӵΧȦ
顭
˶ɫ࣬û뵽ԼᱻһԼȫƲһУһԼ۴ϡ
Ƕ裡
һҪɱϴԼܵ衣
ԣص˲䣬һ߷һʯǿʯͷͬŵڵһų˹ȥ
ͻȻһʽţǿʯ弱ٷɹεϵ·죬ǰƮͷ˼


321 Ծ
顭
˶ȥԼ߳ʯڵһ壬αһŵڵһؼꡣ
꣡ʯ˲Լƣ˫ڵߣ˶׷˹ȥ
ʱθոմŵֱͦľоؿ˶Լ˹
Уһ߳żñֱͬһ֧ռ䶼һּХͣзǳز
顭
˫űǱ弶չ˼£ͬʱҲ˲俪
˫Ǳӵĳٶȣ弶óڿռеĹ켣ӵ¡
ǡ
ʹˣҲûж˶Ĺٽٶ̫ˣһξһٽ֮Ĳ̫ˣһ޷Խĺ蹵
꽫ٶȺ˲ʩչ˼£ҲֻǱܿҪ֣˶ֻѾ˸ǰ
ʱĴ󲿷Ѿܿ˶ԷĽż⣬һ˫ͷŽâĽ˶ĽŲһġ
顭
δ˳ȥһѪξٽ̫ˡ
顭
˶صҽڵһţһų˻˹ȥ
ಡ
һ˲䣬ʯѾ׷˹ס˶ͳ˵м䡣
˶ͬһ㳯ʯ˹˹ȥ̵֪ʱڰѳɱ
ʯǴУڵʵΪٽ˶ȴûзʯ˾ǰϵĲˡ
ǳв̫ˣȫû뵽ܹһξҪǰǾԲŵģ˵һξһУҪһٸҲδһ
ǣط˶ǰǱˣһһֻ첲
ڱһ˲䣬֪Լ˳꣬˾ѻ֡־ѻֵ£ٽҲδܹοѾˣһ첲
ԣҪĲǶԸʯǣҪѳɱٱһΣٴԼһֻ첲һȣԼΣˡ
ʱ˶иûܵĴ㣬һѻ̷ֵΧܣ󱳽ѻ֣ǺѰûʲô
ΨһĻǽɱԼв
顭
ʯһη˳ȥκмУȻûѾʧȥս
ʯ˵İΧг˶üëͻȻһȻ˹ȥ
ָȵؿ˰ϣûпǹǽǹڵת˷һ˫۾΢΢ţͷĺâ
ò׸ղŴӳӳ˶˲ָоԼ
ȣ
˶һҽڵϺݺһ壬ֻϵľѥ˲飬˶ȴȻһμӿ죬˳˫Ŀ
û˿仯ֻ΢΢ƫתһٴ˶
˶ˡȫû뵽ԼᱻһξƵ˵زûдڡ
ֻ
ʱеսԱ˹һ𾪵ǰĳ棬ȫĲš
һƬ֮ϣٽ˶ͬһڿһģĲӰͣڷšξĳȴжһѴڣɵƶţֻҪ۾˶ͻἱܡ
һξһٽĽ֣ξռȫơ
еսԱɵˣ
ܶս˷֮󣬵һҪӵԼеǹӿֲӵϼû𻵵Ȼ˶
֮󡭡
ǾɵˣΪǷ־ԼҲûãȫû˿İ취˶ǵкһûʲô
üë֪˶ξԽԽһѻ˵˾ԼԽԽԲһ顣
һþѻֱԷĽǶԽԽСһ˵Ľӽѻв
겻ܹٵˣٵ˶͵ĸǰ
ա
Ĵһ棬Ŵ׵˶˹ȥ
ಡ
ӵȻȫգ˶½Ƕûд򵽡
һδ˶źܴɷڣǸʱ˶ûӳ꣬ȵӳʱѾˡӳ֮£֮蹵Ĳ¶˳
˶ĸ˶Ȼó޷ٷְ˶
ա
ٴοǹ޷ǹ˶ξѾԶ
ϡ
˶ʣµһ̽һγںϵĳ
ȣ
һųն˹
Įɳʲôһĵƾʲô
顭
䣬ǶһȻնһ·ն˴׵ųҰ
顭
ܵͬʱںԼǰһն˴ϣֻ˲Ǽܴھͱķɳһб󷽷˳ȥһѪ
顭
У˶һų˵δӵͬһԾеıն˶
УϵʮĬֱ˶·ԼǿĹ߸ԾһУһʽɽƴؽк񱳿ɽ˶Դ
ڶУȴնһƥ˶ӣУȴʹ˵˵ؿ
һƬâ˶˫Žɱ˹ȥ
䡭
˶۳ֵΧȻҫĿĵâʱѾûѾûв֮£ٽܾʩչ
ֻ˲ȥУĵƣâУ˹ȥĵâѾУϵ·飬ۿУҪ˶ĵâʳʬ


322 һ

ͻȻ˶ĵâ֮ǰ˶ڱصõ˻ȥУξͳһ˲Ļ˳ȥ

ž
Եļž
սԱ˶ʱ
̫˵Ԥˡ
꾹Ȼһߡ
ಡ
ɽͬ˶Ĳӽɱ˹ȥ˶ֻһ˲㷴Ӧ˹ҽڵһ壬ͬʱ

סѷɽͬʱ˵ɽڿͬһֻһų˹âų
ɽ
һ˲Ѿ˶ĵס޿ɱܡ̽
ϡ
Ʒͬһ⣬ͬӵӭ˶˶ս
˶ӹһ˿һߣǽⲫ㻹һξ

˵ĳһ˵ĶһȻ󵹷˳ȥɫһƬ԰סеľƷַ˳ȥ
겢ȫǱ˶һɵģǽ˶ĵɳȥģϾ˶ǵѡ
ͬһһ㵹ɣǻâȳλҪ죬ǾǿеɽХ˶ĺȥ
˶Ȼڿһֱ𣬿һ󼱾âɽնȥ

ɽһηɣʱ˶Ҳӿ䵽˵ϣͬʱҲ˳ꡣ
в¶һ˿죬Ϊʱĳֿȭ˹
ģҪ𣿡
˶кǲ⣬׳ƾʲôҳֿȭԼѵ֪һߺһ߶սʱ򣬾Ҫ
Ȼ
˶ɫһ䣬ξȻҰʧˣ
һһʧ
һһ֡
̫ȭͨ
ͬʱʱѾ˽֣ݺݵز˶ࡣ
顭
˶ûжȴһֹһʹۣź淴˳ȥ
ʱʯȴ󲿷Ѿɥʧս֮ܣһ˻ܹǿսǶ˶Ҳ𲻵в
ٽʵܹԽģοЩֻǸոͻƵУ绹ûüȶ
սԱȻûˣʵͲ˵ˣΧ˶Ľֻܹ
ԣЩ˶ŷ֮ϼеˡ
ɽһţХ˶ȥ˶ɽնȥҪнѷɽԶԶȻ꽫նɱ
ԽԽовֲܹԼԭһߡ
ǾĵƸոշһ˲䣬ڴһ졣
顭
ͨİ˶ը죬ը첻˶һģĵƱ˲졣

ǿ˿еѷɽǵѷɽȴŵâ
ʱ˶˵ʲôٽķɣһ¿һ෭˳ȥȻһͦվȴڿһ
ȥ֪ԼĶ䣬ΪʱѪ
ݵĽʧȥһһʱȴû˷ŭƽ
˶ĿüᶨѾû˰ӣֻ֪һ·ߣǾɱꡣ
ɱ꣬Ǿֻ
ΪһߣӲģٶٿҲûзɽ죬ΨһķǰѶԷնɱ
Χ۵ЩսԱҲΪֻͷųѷɽΪֻһߡ
һͷųķɽôסԼٽĵ
ԣĳԲһߣܹĵƣ˵Ѿﵽ˾ż
顭
˶Юſɽһĵų˹ȥһսڳмٵطŴ
ٽʵ۷һ
˶ţǶԷǾżߣҲᱻԼһ÷顣
ಡ
ѷɽͻأسڳǰм۳һѴ󽣣˶սӭ˹ȥ
ȥ
һͬʱָŸղű˶ɵѷɽڿһٴ˶Х

ѷɽһѴ󽣽˶սײ
ৡ
ǰѴ󽣷ɢѷɽХ˶ȥͬʱѷɽѾĺԡ
˶һͷͬʱеһȦĻűɽ档

һıɽڻصľѾƷ弶˶ҲǳĶ֣οȱһ۵»ս˾ã
ֻǲӵʱ䣬ѷɽײ˵ĻŵĻɢˣ߰ѷɽڿݺύ
ৡ
˶ͷ­ʹӲϵϵļⶼűɽȥѪ䣬Ŀȫǡ
ͨ
һƨ˷ϣűɽų˹һһУȻǾűɽڳʧ
һû˸о𾪣һصģرĶżߡ
ꡭ
ͷŸո˵֣ȿڴĺʯɫһ䣬˵ãѪζ
˵Ŀⶼ˳꣬εشӵɨսܹõҪһս
ˡ
ضٵؽŲɿӽܿڹ䴦ͳӴӰȻֻһֻһµֻҲǾŽױ
ӴͬƶСɽ涼ǵĽŲڲ
򣡡
һ£ȿ۶˰ڼϵĻͲһȵĻ桭


323 
ֻ˹ȥֻͻȻǰצһģǸ㱻ķ˳ȥ䡱һڿбը
顭ǼͲ档
աеҲ档
ಡ
һűը˳ȥ
䡭
еֻŽױһսӵĹأеΪأѾɵڵϣѾըɡµֻȻѪҺȴǸųǱ
ֻǼûܵʲô˺߷ŽµľʯÿһŶ̤أͬһɽѹ˹
һڶγݶӡ
ųŭ𣬵һ鿪ʼڶǷɿغ󳷣γݶء
ը
걩һеıը˳ȥʯҲеıըѾԼ˲Զı

ŵһź󷽷ɿȥԽ˵ڶŵɱȥʱǵ󣬵ڶսѾʼҵؿ
̶̵һ֮󣬵ڶҲֵ˵鲻òʱֻֻʣֻֻѾС
ʱĳѾ޿ˣѾ˲Ƶһس˹
ĽŲ·ʮըںɽȷ·ҡΡ
ŭˣûбһȺŪǱˣѪȵζһ˫۳Ѫ˿ĿֻһͷǰЩСɱ
ɽ
һ£սɽӵȥʯ˶˱űĽŲ
䡭
еսԱͷɽǵıֻݺݵײ˶ϡǸڶӴı˵̫Сˣͳ岻ǱŭеıһһεײŶڣɽڲڲͣݡ

еսԱسһһƨ˵ϡ
𡭡
ڴ˱ŭͲϵײ
һ۶ڵķҪ˵ҲǲܹɱֻĻԻ˵ĺ䶯
Ҫ֪Ǹ۷һǾҪһϽ߲ܹԷɱ
ĿǰľҲƷżҲǿڴУٽ֮ˮƽ
Щ˵ǰԼþｫɱɾͱ¶ԼھѾĿǰеĵߡ
˵ʲô
˵˳žĺԻ˵ķ籩һͻվڷ˼⣬ͬһСĺͯһѽڴϡ
Ľ³ᱻ·ǿ߿еʣ
Ҫ֪ﲻŻսӣӢ޺Ϸǡ
Ҫסû˿ĿܣΨһİ취ǲй¶ܡ÷ɽɱ˶˳ܵķΧ֮ڣϾһżɱһٽҲûз÷ɽһ۷ıɱϢȥԵĽ
Գ겻ܹй¶ܣܹ÷ɽɱǸ۷屩Ҫô
Ƶؽ󱳿ұϣüͷ
꣡ߵ˳£¶һ˿Цǰֲӵϳˣձһֻɽȥӿɾʹˡ
Ҳո˹Ҹҿ϶ĻǾԻΪЦ
ж೤ʱ䣿ʵ
ĸСʱƵ˵
ɽûĳڣ˵
޺Ϳ۾һ̷ԸŸͨ̽ȥһӵʱ䣬̽½½ػһɥҡͷ
𡭡
ڴıӴײŶڡ
䡭
ɽеսɫһÿսԱʱ֪ɽײˣǱɽС
ȻɽлͨڣڱʧˣȴǵĽ޾ĳЦ
ԭôˣӢ޺ϷսӣЩ˾һֳ衣
ǣǽֲȫɱ⣬ǵϳһٽ˶ɱǾͿԽؿ
ȴɽ滹һ֪û뿪ֻܹȴԮȡ
ⲻܲ˵һ̣
һ޴ĳ裡
ȥɣ
ӵվһͨȥ˶ɽûͨЩսûҵֻܹ˵ͨǳء
νߣΪֲӵͷ죬˶᲻Լ׼·
꽫ȫչһͨһͨţ͸ܵұڣ£
뵽߽ͨ˶ָҵʱ򣬿ǽϵĶʮĻһЩ豸
¶һ˿ϲľһͨͨһʮ׳ľʯס
ʱվǿʯǰ档һǽڣ濴û˿ķ϶һǽڣڳľȴؿǱʮ׺ˮסһǽ壬ǽĺǿʯ
ڳľл˾ǿʯʮ׵ĵطһףǸһť
΢ЦеػǹŶǽڿʼ䡣
ա
СĵرܿǸףǸťܵԶҲ򲻿ˡ
ͨڴ˽ŲǹսԱ˹ǲ֪귢ʲôصĿֲӡ
ʯһ˽˲Ϳ˳һȭұڣұڵһȦεĵס


324 ʮͻȻ
䡭
ʮ򹫽ұϣʯɣȦǽ¶ľʯ;ʯԱߵһףһͷŽâİťչ˵ǰ
ǡʯ弤ʵ
һָǸť
¡¡
ǿʯʼ滬˶ʮ֮ʼҲ໬˵ǰһĶڡ
ǿԻؼˣת¶˿ĵЦݡ
ꡭ
еսԱ˷ܵػ
һ߽˿տĵصʱҵȫֻҪ߳ͨصɡĵطžֱԼ˾
˾սԱҲе죬ǱսԱ죬սԱҲ໥졣
ԭĸտʼ֮仹ǵжԹϵνԷԼĹгΪӮҡ⼸ĲսУЩѾежѾΪսѡ˴˶Ӯ˶Է𾴺Ρ
ͨЩۣ·죬ڼ仹һºӣȻʼϷǵǰһʯھǿʯʮ׿һťǸťȥ
¡¡
ǿʯųӭ滬ȻʼҲƶǵǰһͨӶ˽
΢΢۾ͱһҵػ
ߣ
жػǹȥսԱ
ɽڹ˴̵˴˳չǰһɽȣɽһƣʱˮɹľдУ̲࡭
һµĿķ֮һˬ
ʱ䲻ˣǸϽ߰ɣͯսһȡָȷŷһ˵
ţͷȷˣ
ȷˡͯս̧ͷɽȣĵӷ򡣡
ã
߳ɽȣսԱĵӷжȥһСʱ󣬳ͻȻоһŨصвǰ࣬˹
ӵƷ弶ûͷų磬Ҳűĸ֪
Σգս
ľѸٵſͬʱеػǹ
ˡ
ľոͷųʮףĹìͼա
һ֧֧ìüӲ޹֧ţ˸ĺ⡭

սԱİʱľѾ˳ȥѾþȥ۲ˣǵҰгһߴӰһ׸ңųɫëһҰˡ
ЩҰһǻۣ÷ÿҰ˵ĺ϶֧ìսԱͣͶ
ǾŽ׵Ұˣмٸÿһ֧ìͶڿһҵͬʱƿХͬŮڷֲļС
˲佫弶չͬʱеػǹ
ա
ʱûбͻȻĹìսԱҲҰ
ա
ҰȻܹͣסػǹֻһ˲ʮҰ˵˵ϡ
顭
ʮͲŭĻ档
ಡ
ЩûлͲػǹսӳ˱ը
䡭
ػǹ֯һƬͲ棬ըըһѤĢơ
ҰͬոׯڳƬص£ٸҰֻڲһӵʱھʣ˲һ٣Żŵˡ
괹еػǹתͷսԱȥ۾ɺսԴʮʱҲûжǾڸղţҪʤطػأȴʮˣмʮˡ
Ӣ޺ϷĸҵսԱԭͲˣʣµľ͸ˡ
ꡭ
һĿĿ˹ȥľһͿ絽˱޵ǰ
ʱıҴϲһֻì˵ϣһ֧ì崩͸ɫ԰ֽЩӢսԱΧűޣ˹óһط
Ҫȥҵˡ
ڱ޵ǰס޵֣Ѹٵɨ޵壬ϲֳȻ޵Ѿì飬ۼǻˡ
޵ɫʱʮֵز԰ףȴԵӵظ߹ֳһ˿ЦݣԲ𣬲ܹһ˴ˡ
ձ޵֣ĿᡣʱҲ˹һס˱޵һֻ֡
޵ʿǳؾ壬һʱóӵ˽˱ޣһҳϵģһġ
˵ȥеź
֮󣬰ϵĹìγҲϲЩ
˵õİɣЩʡ
Ǻǡ޵¶һ˿źǲİҸոտѪ
ͶĿضһۣ˶ӶԷп˰ˡ޲ѪһߵúԶ뵽һ԰Լɳ֮·еǿ߾ôˣͿضһּȵź
ʵ޷˵ҲǼѪŨߵˣҵĵܱܵҸϣѪΪϣѪˡ
޵ʼֽά꣬Ҹæ
˵̻Ӧ±ͻȻ˹ȥ
㽫лչΧ֮ڡ
ޣҡʵ˵һչ˲
Ǻǡ޵ֳһ˿Σôù˵
һصЦȴǱȿ޻Ҫѿ
ű޵۾˵һģǻһŵǧ𣡡
Ǻǣ
޵й⻪ɢȥͷԱһƫ


325 
ɻĺų뿪Ƭδԭʼɭ֣ͬʱźܶɻڳ˵Ļ㱨֮󣬿ʼĴѰеսԱըɽеսԱ
꾲ڷɻϵλ嶼棬ûһ˿ϲãһֱʹ
һִм˶սǰ£Զĵ¡
Ʊɻƿ޴ĺ·ڳĶʧһǰչ֣ͬطһ㡣
ֹͣڱһ̣
Ҫȥҵˡ
Բ𣬲ܹһ˴ˡ
֮󣬰ϵĹìγҲϲЩ
ǺǡǲİҸոտѪ
ʵҲǼѪŨߵˣҵĵܱܵҸϣѪΪϣѪˡ
ֽά꣬Ҹæ
㽫лչΧ֮ڡ
Ǻǡôù˵
Ǻǣ
˷ɻϤӪأ̧ͷ΢΢۾Сͷɻ˲ʧڿС
ǻͺͿķɻ뿪ˣ
صԼᣬһͷԵڴϣľ޴ƣܿͽ˯ߡ
һ˯ڣ˯һֱ˯ۡ
ϴһ裬оˬʧȥսѵıʹ˳һˬ·ȥ
ԺһͷһֱȥǾһսЩҰˡ
ЩҰǻۣʹĳѾһЩ˽⡣
ֻ֪Χ׶ΣΧͳӵеͼǻ۵Ұˣô᲻и߼ǻ
羿жû֪
Ҳɳֲӣվǰȥ̽飬ϣܹ˽磬ܹ˽羿ж
ȴûһγɹ
̽ĲӻܹһЩǴҲΧϡԶ̽ĲԶһȥϢʧˣûдһ˿Ϣվӡ
Ÿ߼ǻĿᷢЩʲô
ʱһоأ𲽵ش˶С
߽ʳãܶϤףлģģӢģа޵ģϷǵģЩ˶ͳһո˯ѣܵԷ
ӳ
ӳ

ÿһ˶ЦкȻѾǴһʱԳĳƺ
ǳȻ
Ҳ΢ЦغʹҴкȻвĹսԱ֣ȴ¶ϡ
ŷʯԱߴʯҲһ̻ʣҴʱˡ
ʳʱ˾׽ҲһֱСʱ֮־׽ؼȥЩ극սԱȴûһȥ
ÿ˶ȫװǳҲ⡣
һʮֵϰߣͬһʱž裬ǻص˰ȫĻҲˡ
һڷؿϡʮûúõسԹһٷϵӣԼеϵʳﶼԵøɸɾ겻Цˬ
ӳ˷Ѿʯʵ˵δʲôǰдûй
ʳ֮еĿⶼۼڳϣЩսԱ˷뿪ڵһ̡
üͷ˼Ƭ̵Ҿþκ֮սӱƴˣҪսӺһҪ񡣡
ʯͷҲôã
˵ʯ¶һ˿ЦǻнҪĿսѾˣ
ɫҲһĿȥ
Ϸսֻʣ߸ˡ
սֻʣ˾Ÿˡ
Ӣսֻʣʮ˸ˡ
սֻʣʮһˡ
սҲֻʣ˶ʮˣҰ˵ͻϮһսУսԱġ
ûа취ǴͻȻķУսԱǣҲǰ档
һսԱҲֻһʮˡ
ЩʮǰսѾôԶʧˣɫøӵȻг̾һ˵ξôľģ²ôǵļƻҾþֻʣʮˣҲᰴԭļƻȥִ񡣡
ʳһƬžҵĿⶼ۽ڳϡʳЩͷԱҲĿ˳ꡣ
ЩͷԱΪʲôôսԱһҵսԱһĻ˵ġرǸӵһĲޡ
Ȼˡͯս˵Ҫ˽һǵʵ
ĿɨӢ޺Ϸĸңﲢȷ֮󣬻ԸԼ쵼֮¡
Ŀ˿صʱ򣬿صһվųꡰžһһӳսʮһˣУ۷塣
ث֣Ǹݺݵصſأݺݵ³֡
Ǹáصɫû˿ı仯Ϊʱʮ¾սȥִһΣյ񣬳ѵĶӳѡ
ⲻΪǻ۲ܣΪһߣһżľߡ
ಡ
һͻȻϷڿһӰֻ˲ǸӴȥӴ
죡´ɱ㣡


326 ָ
ûлͷȥǸһۣȴǸȥǸһ£ıӰ¶η塣
ʱѾ֪һߣߵо壬Ҳҷһ˿ӴҴҵȥ
ӳӢһսԱλվҽ·˹ӢսڵĶӳӢսΪʮˣʮУξ
ӳ޵һսԱվǰսӵζӳսΪˣУ
ĿڰսԱһɨûмֿһսӣҲûм֪Ӧһսˡ
ӳϷǵһսԱվϷǵζӳԪϷսΪˣУ
ӳʯվսΪʮˣдУΪʮˣУΪʮˣξΪʮϵȱΪʮˣеȱΪʮˡ
սΪڱ֮ҹ·ʱս˲õȫԻսѾûµȱ˴Уߡ
սӼʵ£
һʮˣУʮˣУһٶʮˣξˣξʮˣϵȱʮˣеȱʮˡ
ŬʵɣǲܹǵսѰ
顭
űƿ˴һʮ˵С߽ʳãΪ׵һнĿϵɨʳ֮ڵսԱȵ꣬ʯ壬سУ
Ŀɨȥ΢΢һΪ׵һнվĸٽʮԱҲУߡ
껺վǸн˹ȥʯͿҲ˳
ž꾴һ񣺡泤٣걨
泤٣ʯ屨
泤٣ر
нĿɨǰˣȻĿӢս˵Ӣս˭Ƕӳ
·˹ߵǸнǰһ泤٣·˹
ĸߣ
нȵȻתȻĽһ٣Ϊ
תӣ㿴ٶսԱվÿ˵ֶϡ
ҲսӣΪЩ̫䶯һнĸٽʮУߣսӸо˲
һؾĶнǰǻǳη壬ǵɱһٽһ֮󣬶нηԼ١
ԳľظоǰЩ˲ûʲôɱɲص֮󣬵һ¾Ǻ;ͻҲ֪սԱδ״̬㳯սӰ˰֣󲽵ȥ
ʯ壬غ·˹Ҳڳȥ
ǸнȤųıӰȻ˰֣ȥܿЩ˾ʧʳ֮⡣
ʲô飿Ԫʵ
֪ҡҡͷ
߳ʳ֮⣬ͣһƬճĸ˷ֱ˼﷢һǰʻȥ
ʱţĿһߴĽϣũָӲ
ͣ˴ǰĸ˴Ӽճλн

ĸٽʮУ˴⣬ĸ˸н߽˴š
ľȫչ˵ʵҲ׾ټԼĸ˾ΪʲôһŪôƣ·ԼҪԼץһ㡣
ڳľɨ£˲ٵİڣЩڵʵǿ
̤̤̤
˳صĽŲվ˵ݵǰǸнһ°ťݴ򿪣˽ݣǸнְ˾¥İťϷ
ݵٴδ򿪣н߳˵ݣĸ˸˺棬һֱߵһȾ޴Ľǰǰڼ˵֮󣬽Ŵ򿪣ĸ˸н档
ĿѸٵɨ˹ȥ۾¶һ˿𾪡
ĿռܴԳԹһǧƽףźܶ͹Աʱæµš
Ӧþũָİɣﰵ˼
нųĸ˳мĵ·ǰȥǵǰһָָ̨̨һ޴ʾھʱ򣬳ɿؿһۣʱʾ¶һ޴ĵͼ
ָ̨ĺ滹һţнȡһſ滮һ£໬ȥһܶǽͨһȽš
ͨվŰ˸ÿһУߡ
нǰ棬ȻͣϵȡȻߵ˵иɫȦӵС
ɫĽȦһĻȻִȥн˳ȥ
˸Ŀĸˡ꽫ϵȡȻ߽ǸɫĽȦһĻȻҲ˳ȥʯ壬غҲһ߽ɫȦһн֮еһŴ˽ţнųĸ˽ȥ
ӽ뵽ָӴ¥֮һϵеĳóĸ˵Щš
껹ãϾƷ弶ߣȻЩţǱȴûʲô仯һƽʯ壬غɫһ˿仯ŵɱ¶˳
߽˽ţһдԼƽ׵Ŀռ䣬мһž޴ԲʱԲΧʮˡ
ʮ˵϶ɢǿϢϢѾﵽƷ弶ĳҲоһϢ
ʮ˾ȻϴԪ˧ľҲǴŴ󽫵ľװ


327 
ƲóĸĿɿڴֲҪнǣƾһٽ˼
ʮˣһԪ˧һ󽫣Ǹ֮ǰ
ĸʱ֪ǣʮݾǲһԪ˧ǳפָӡ
ǸԪ˧ȻũָϣֱǻӢ޺Ϸ˹ҵĴ󽫡
µȴʱԪ˧һ󽫵϶ɢһְ˵Ϣ
Ԫ˧һ󽫲Ǳˣֱǣ
սԱ޴µĸףʮԪ˧֮һǿ
սԱ˵ĸףԪ˧ųƴ֮ߵĺ
ӢսԱղķ˹ĸףӢԪ˧ع
սԱɽķĸףԪ˧
ϷսԱȵĸףϷԪ˧¡
ӢսԱ޵ĸףӢ󽫣
ŴԲԱ߻ųεӣһųĸˣǰֽźͱʣҪ¼һǿյģǸĸλá
׳Ǹн˫һһ׼ľ꣬ʯ壬أ·˹
ž
꣬ʯ壬غ·˹ĸؾһ׳ã
Ϣ˵ȻָǸյӵȥǱ£
ǣ׳
ĸߵſյĳӺ棬˱ֱŴԲΧʮˡ
ĸȻͦñֱҲһƬ㣬ȴһڴģ֪ǰΪʲô
ʮǶʶȴܹоʮ˵ǿ
ϵһ˿޵زãȷʵЩˡǿأ£ǰﶼΪǵĶ
ʱвõǣǲǵĶӳ£ǸﻹԼĶͽսӣ
ҪӶƽõҪӲ£ΪǺƽ
ӳ飬һ˹һóһҪΪӱ̬Ϊǵĵ̣
ΪδǺһ
һμ򵥵
ͺͿʮӵôȥһͺͿܵ
ҲʮΪѣЩ˶ǲ𰡣ȻҲһԪ˧ܹܲһӵôԪ˧ô
ԸЩСûиʲôıǼ˶Ӷɣ
εذ˰֣ĸŰ״ӵ˷ֱߵ˳꣬ʯ壬غ·˹ǰʯ壬غ·˹ǰֱһװɫҺƿӡڳǰȴƿӣһǺʯһɫҺƿӣһװɫҺƿӡ
ƿ֮ĸ״Ӿȥϵ˵ȥ
۾΢΢۷˸Ĺâϡʯ壬غ·˹ֳһ˿ңȻ㲻ؽĿ˳ꡣ
۾ֻ΢һ˲ָֻԭ״ϻָƽ֪ԼĿǰʵЩǰû˿ķ֮軹ǸɫҺƿӣ˸Ȼһں˽ȥֽƿɫҺҲһں˽ȥ
ֻ˫ȭţָ׶ٽģһźҪǿһҪǿ
ʯ壬غ·˹꽫Һ˽ȥҲ׷ȥϵƿ򿪸׺˽ȥ
յ˫ȭɿҪɿԼڵѸٵʧľҲڼٵʧ
ʱĳѾףǸɫҺӦڵʧҩɫҩþʧҩ
꽫ԼľȻչһ㣬ֻԵʯ壬۲ʯı顣
޴ĿʧѸ͵ϮóһѣεĸоţʱԼǾߵԭ򣬴ʱѾʧȥʶ
ڳľУʯһ˫۾ѾôͶ񡣳꽫ԼľȻ󽥽رֳһͶģ
ɫҩЧѾʧȥľƷ弶䵽ƷļףԼľƷżĻ´ʱԼľѾ㼶
ΪһƷ弶ߣҪװһʧصģ̫ˡ
ʮ˫۾ڳ꣬ʯ壬غ·˹һɨҲĸ˴Ŀ⡣Ȼ໥һۣŵ˵ʼɣ
״ʱĬˣÿ˵ü֮䶼űʹֳ֮ɫջϷǵԪ˧ȿڵ꣬ôģ
һ͵ģеشǱըҩըģ
ôըģ
û˿Ҳˣһʯ壬غ·˹Ҳᱻѯһ䣬û˿ΣҲûʲôġǳ㽫ķϸ˵һ顣
ٴ˳ţ˷֮⣬µļҲˣһӾͰ޴£ˣղķ˹ɽķͻȵ˵˳Ϊһġ
ʯ塭
һ֮󣬺ʼʯ֮غ·˹Ҳǵ˵û˿
Ԫ˧ɫʮѿԭΪǵĶһԼĵжԼһԤıû뵽һ⡣
Ԫ˧㶵нطԼĶӣ廨˾޴Ѫû뵽ôˡ
ܹ˭
ʮѹ֣Щ
ꡭѵôģ

ǻеؽţȳ꽲֮󣬷Ҳûȥʯˣ֪ھƵҩ֮£ǲ˵ѵġ


328 ŭ
˵ǰ
ǣ
ʲôԣ
˵
Ҫȥҵˡ
Բ𣬲ܹһ˴ˡ
֮󣬰ϵĹìγҲϲЩ
ǺǡǲİҸոտѪ
ʵҲǼѪŨߵˣҵĵܱܵҸϣѪΪϣѪˡ
ֽά꣬Ҹæ
㽫лչΧ֮ڡ
Ǻǡôù˵
Ǻǣ
ٴμžȥĺԽԽأ۾ó죬Щ£˵Ѫ
ǣ
ؿӱϣһֳصĴֱķʱԼɤЩ𣬺һ£ӿѪ¡
ʱ佥عȥʯ壬غ·˹ػָǣЩãȻضһ£һ֪̾ҩЧȥҲæһ£΢΢ƫͷʯȥʱʯҲԼ
ʱʯ壬غ·˹˸оԼһ˿ҲûУ޴ǣһɫ䡣
ʱҲһ˿ҲûУ͸Լڣɫһ䣬ԼͨľѾʮָɱ񣬾ЩûбͨľҲ˼¡
ⲻһ״ɫüΪѿ
͸һ˿뵽УЩʯɨţɨûжͿһʯϵļšҩҩǸҩɫøӵѿǸҩϺؼţʳҩľߣ֮ʳ˽ҩҲº֢֢ҪһͻƣѶȻᷭһ
ٿˣһҩӦҩ·ʳҩ֮ԺҪߵĵ·ͻҲҪһѶȡ
ʱĸ״˹ֱʯ壬غ·˹ϷһƿҩڳϷƿҩ
˹ֻýһƾ˻ɫøӵѿ
ͬʱҲоԼһ˿˿ڻָһ˿ǳС
ĸϵҩ°ɣϵ˵
ʯ壬غ·˹ʱҲָһ˿ؽϵҩһ˵ʧȥ޴ĲȫУǴʱľָ̻ǵȵǵѾƿӵʱȴֳһ
ڳǱʶеľеĶͣĿⶼ˳ꡣ
꣬˰ɡϵ˵ˣͻָǵʵ
ֳŭâ˵ûнͣ
һ仰ڣԲΧɫһ䡣ʲôˣԪ˧Ǵ󽫣ûʹǡ
꣡ϵɫһ˵ְǷ
ǣ׳˵ǣΪǾˣͿԱ޹˺𣿾ͿԽǵǰ;ΪϷ𣿾Ϳ԰ǵƷ𣿡
꣡
Ԫ˧Ȼ˳ֱųѹ˹ȥǳ޾ϡ
һǿӣϵһ˿͡ʱʯ壬غ·˹Ҳо˳ķŭӳĻƺо˲ͬһҲջ֣粻ŴԲϵʮˡ
ջƣҲʮֲˬͲԼı⣬Ԫ˧Լѹ黹ýŻ֮꣬ǰǵҩҩԪҩֻʱڵԪȻľֻҪǷʳǰƿҩͻָ̻ǲû˺
ʯ壬غ·˹һȻ׵رһֻҪû˺С˵ɫͱúÿһЩ
𣿡꼥ڼžĴ𣺡λ׳᲻֪ҩԪҩĸðɣ
Բϵʮɫٱ䣬Ǹεô֪ܲҩĸã
꾿ʲôˣ
ʲô
Ǵ󱳾ʵ֪ҩĸá鷳ˡԼֻŵԼӵΪӱȴȵһ⼸Сӵı
ꡭʯŵʵʲô֢
˫˸ŭ𣺡ҩʳ֮󣬾֮ʳ˽ҩҲصĺ֢ԺҪͻһ磬ѶȻڵ
ʲôʯ壬غ·˹Ȼ
˾ͻᾪŵҲֳ˼ȵķŭ
ãããԹ˵Ǹּһ˵ģ
ʲô
Բϵʮɫһ䣬СǸּģ
ʯ·˹û˵ûꡣ
һ˵ֻǻһѶȣԺͻƾͲˡҡҲûкô
ô꣬ʯ壬غ·˹ͬʱӹһ˿
꣬ʯ壡ǿȵǿ̬ȡ
أ
·˹
ͰҲͬʱſغ·˹ȵǲʲôʧԪ˧ϲַ
˧ǰɣʱеŭѾһУ˧Ϊ̸̸ġ
ʲôǿɫһȻǻʮԪ˧֮һȴǻ߾ͷ֮һڳ鲢˽⡣ʱᵽԪ˧һı㲻
ʲôϵ
˧ҸҲȥ̸̸ġʯ庮˵
㸸ס˧һڻûʯﰡ
ĸʯҸս
㡭ǽ˧СͳȥǸӡ


329 ķŭ
ǿֳ˿ɬ֪εˣȻʲô飬εôѪܹѹ顣
ʱغ·˹Ҳϳ˺Ͱءصֳһ˿ЦҸּ岢㣡
أϣҸ׵ǰܹ𣡡
Ծһ㶣ĵ˰ⱳһش󰡣
ԲΧʮԭΪԼĶӱ͹ǿˣû뵽ĸҲûһ׸ġ
ˣ
죬ǿѾûԭǿƣ˵ǻȰѽҩ°ɣǻһҡղ˵ҲûдҲȷʵźô
꣬ʯ壬غ·˹ɫһǶʱǿԲƭǡ
ܹͻһϣǻͬڳΪǿ֮һȻͻƵʱѶȷˣͻƺʵҲᷭ
꣬ʯ壬غ·˹ĸ˵һ漴ȻԭͻƾͲһ򵥵飬ҪѶȷͻ˻ãܹʵܹͻأ
ѾˣЩԪ˧ҲӦ˲ֻܹȥ
ʵ
ʵ
߬סȭͷȻɿûǿĻƿҩ̷ǻվֽƿҩ˶ȻͷҲصȥ
ʯ壬غ·˹״Ҳ׷׵վϵƿҩ˶˳
ĸߵĶʹҲ΢΢ҡΣδεĺˮڵûлָ٣߳ÿһʮֵؼѡ
Բϵʮһʱ֮ɫʮѿֻǽˣǵͷʹĸСͷʹĸСı
ѸٵǸн˰֣Ǹн̸ų˳ȥȻɳ˻ȥ
һӳ㿴սԱʱվ¥棬ĸ˺ˮѾʪ͸˾װһҡҡλεشӳеսԱ
ǡ
еսԱ̧ǹǸнСӡҪǷǰǸнԥؽЩǹǵսԱץϾ·ͥղҲǼ˳ĸǿƣʱǲ֪δ
û£޹أ
˵ȥǸнıӰ˫Ŀ¶һ˿мͷȵȥ
صԼᣬ˾һѣһͷ˴ϣô˯ȥǼŽԼһƾͽ磬ղп̫æ
ٶʯչڳľУľɨЩʯƣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǿ˵òԼܹͻƵһ磬ʵȷʵᷭҪ˫Ѷͻƶڱ˵ҲѣǶڳ˵ȴԼࡣ
Ϊʯҵ˽İ취ְ취ǲҪʳҩһֱӰͻƵҩҩҩרԳҩʯϵļأó겻̾ǸʱǿǶоѾ˼£ֻǲ֪һǿʱôʷ֮С
ҲһƷҩʦˣʯϵϸ˵ҲҩĵˣȴǸӵ̾
һݽߵͬʱҲڵıЩɶԭԭΪԪҩϼȻҩټܹͣܶ˲ͨõ˲ͻơ
ڳľȴûʲôɵĵģľûпݽߣֻһЩˣŴƷ弶ĵƷļֻҪǸȡһЩͻܿĻָ
֪ҩеҩ԰ڿҩҪֲҩ浹ǶУȻ󣬵Ҳûеϧĵز
֮󣬳ͳ˯ȥһ˯һһҹǱһ绰ѣȡ˵绰һ£ȴԼ֪ĺ룬뻹ǽͨ˵绰
绰ոսͨʹ꣬
ľһ˵׳ã
Ѿ֪ˣղǿѾˣʲô˵
˵̲żķŭǶǿźܴˡֻΪԷҲǻԪ˧ܹܲΪǿЩֵ顣ҲԼ˼Ǿǰճ˼죬ֻҪҪᾡ
ʱѾƽҩѾ˵Ҳ֪Լֵܹ̫ҪԼʶȤˡʵ͵ʱЩֻܹš
˧ģ˵
ӵ绰гܹǱߵ΢һ֪ȻܷŭͬʱҲΪѡ
ϾԼֻһξǿһԪ˧ʵϵĶԱȳǳС⻹ǿƿص
İɣ˵һ޼ҸһƽĲֲʧҪʲôҲԴ绰ֱ˵
лл˧ֿ˵
ţʵˣ
ξ
ξ
ȻһȣʱпǰǿˣһϣΪżǿˣ˱ξʱ̫ã䣬ʧ
ǿﰵ˷ˣǻˡ
ξʮξһ룬оʹ
꣬Ĵξһᰲȥҵ绰Һǿ̸֮һ֪ͨ㡣ģһ׷Ź޼ҡ


330 
Ҷ˵绰ӴоԼָҲǻָͨ˵ˮƽ
̾һȡһЩհװʳȽԼĶϵָֻ˼֡
Ȼֽ͸У뵽ǸУʼٵĴ
ľĵľúܿ죬ҳľԪݽߣֻģһһҹ˯Ҳָ˲٣ԳֻһСʱҵʱ㽫ָ۷״̬
ӴԡȥʱڵѾȫָͨ˵ˮƽѾû⡣ȵˬϴ裬˸ˬ·֮ûжãĵ绰һδ˹
ͨ绰е֪ЩӾȻҲһֱũ֮Уֻһ뵽ͺͿǰΪ߾ͷ֮һҲֲ֡ǿôغӴ
绰Ļǳ࣬߳򿪵ԣ洫һϣǿ͸Ĳ
µ绰̿˵ԣԼ䣬㿴һʼʼ򿪣㿴һݳǸƾõҩĵ
һ£Ǹһ˿΢Ц޼һǴѪˡȻʮҩģҶҩģҩ䡣
һ㽫һƾ͸Уʼҩ԰ϸؼš
ֲҩǳ꾭˼֮ȻǿԼʮֲҩоȻŰûС
ֽɨһʯȴҲûҵǰֲҩ֣ҸҩҲûǰҩĵļء
꽫˻°Ѱ˼һбȻʱлһЩǸʷеʱûеĲҩ
һ³˷֪ǿ͸ԼĲҩԲǷƷʱеĲҩҩǺҪʱĲҩҲͬҪ
ԼҪչ;ԲܹǸʱСҪڵĲҩҩоܹԼδž޴ĸá
ʼԸֲҩһ֮ԼеֲҩоȻŶٰʮһʱûСʱеҩУԼҲȱһٶʮ֡
ʱļ֪ԼӵŶٰʮһʱûеĲҩһ޴ƣҲ˵ԼƳʱƲҩΪûҩĲҩ
ͬʱԼٰȱٵһٶʮֲҩ˻Լƽһֳ
ǣҪβأ
һ£ͨĲҩг۵ģһٶʮֲҩΪƽ׵ĲҩڵĽ״ҲֻܹûֹѾժĲҩҪĲҩǸͲܡ
ǿӰӳǰ˳λ᲻ܹŹǿΪԼɣ
ЩҩԳʮҪ겻Ҫֻ࣬Ҫÿֲҩʮֲڵҩ԰Уڵ״ľԵʲҩ
Ѱһյֿҩ԰Щҩӻ߷֦¿ѵҩ԰֮С
ѾԹֲĲҩЧõˡһһĲҩȻ湺ʮҩĲҩЧ
ʶ棬ֻǵҲûи羿ʲôܡ
ҲһЩգǾľŵĶҲֻܹٿһµҩ԰ˣ绹ЩС
Ҳûа취õʱô룬Լ̰ģѾˡ
뵽һٶʮֲҩָ˹ȻԼÿֲҩҪʮҪдȥȻ󷢸
һӵʱ䣬ĵ绰ʹ˹
꣬ҪЩʻĲҩʲô
˧ҶҩһЩоһ⣬ʻҩҩ
ʲôɹ𣿡
֪Ҫ飡
ǰѳӣһãһ޼ҰЩ׼ãʱܻһЩϾ޼ҲҪȥռɣ֮һҪĶ͵
лл˧
ú
ǣ˧
µ绰ݾؿлһȭͷˣ
վ߽еһ䣬нҩ豸ȡ˳Ȼ뵽УҩҪĲҩժ˼֣Ȼصķ䡣
ȻûƹҩǳƷѾﵽҪԳźǿܹƳɹ
ڣڵнҩɹ˳
豸ջ֮󣬳ȥϴһ裬ڴϽ״̬صڵ۷״̬
۾ߵҩУ͸ԹͷʵĹâ
Թܵĸӣ׽ҩ˽ȥ֮Թܷߣںơ
ڴʱѾ˼£һǸɱģ꽫͸Լڹ۲ԼľһΪɱȻһ͹𣬶һ
ʮѾͨľ͹ĵҪܶ࣬ȴܼδͨľ͹ĵͷǳĴ󣬵ȴɢһЩ
ЩףȽϸϸɨЩѾͨʮܿô£ԭʮͨľھϲƽģ͹
˳˼⾭ͨͺñһ·ھеԪͺñһͨľƽȴǻ͹һӰԪתԼܹ͹ĥƽǲԼԪתٶȻӵؿ٣


331 ͻ
뵽˷ʱѾ뵽ʲôԪھתٶӣʹԼжٶȣԺӡ
ôͲ˵ˣٶȵӸӵҪ
һ£ͬʱ֣Լٶȳ˶֣һʲôЧ
ЧǶԷȭͷûдԼԼȭͷѾ˶Էϡ
Ҳܹ⣬ǳĹȴȫԽ⣬ֻҪĹͣȥ𶯾ͻؽĥƽ⵱ȻһḶ́ʱЧͻʾ
겻֪ǣʱѾԪ˧߷롣ΪֻҪǾߣڳΪԪ˧֮ǰǲӵĹܵġǸͿԼľ״ڻʱûȥĥ
ȵǴﵽԪ˧ߣӹ֮ʱѾЩˡΪĥʱͨڣǸʱոձͨһжǲȶʱǸʱе͹ҲǳһСʱˣȫͨһֱǵȵˣҪֱǾͼˡ
ҲˣոմͨľһжڲȶĽ׶Σʱôĥʱʱ򱶡
ʵĥһҲҪһ档ϵսֱӹϵʵ
һߴͨľа͹ԽأĳɾԽ֮ͣԽߡ
ԣÿһߴﵽԪ˧֮󣬵ӷ֮ÿǴĥȻˣȴ֪ŹϵԼܷٽһԼɲǸ磬ҲҪԪ˧ٽһҪ֪Ԫ˧ҲǷּģÿ֮ʵҲǾ޴ġ
ǳһξ߾ͷ⣬νе߶ǰһҲǵһߡ
֮󣬳ֿʼþɨЩδͨľɨ֮ףΪûд̫ͨʵԭ
䡭
ʱҩã˾޴ԪʼڵľͬɺԵĺӵͻȻӿȵĺˮֻ˲Ͱһɱľ
꽫ʮͨľʮͬˮһԪ֮£Щ΢С͹ʼɶȻǵ䣬ų⣬ȻŰ͹ȴ⻪ࡣ
⵱Ȼܹ⡣
ͬˮһԪڳӵУؿڱϵ͹ӿ˴ĥٶȡ
꿪ʼԪھУһ죬졭ʮ졭
ˡ
ʵָξ۷壬ʮѾͨľӯԪھзٵתҩɵҩЧͷſ񱩵ǳ겢ûȥʮǼѾͨʮת죬ѹſ񱩵
ѹá
һѵõҩĿϵسˢе͹Ҫ֪ҩһһҲֻܹʹһΣһԪݽߣǾֻܹʳҩޡһѵõĻᣬ굱Ȼ
ڶþѹҲѹͨԿѹеӵش˲Ԫӵس
ֻѹһӵʱЩѹƲסˡ
ΪҩõĲҩɶڵĲҩЩҩ궼Ѿжϲˡǳȴ֪ϵҩľеģҩĲҩһĲҩܹģ
ڲͣţһʱų⡣
顭
񱩵ϵ·ʵ÷飬ϵļ¡һͬһҪ죬䶯
ȫѹžп񱩵һѹһĥ
ԽԽľоǾž޴ͬʱѾͨʮڱϵ͹ڼشĥ
䡭
ѹƲסǰʼŵʮ˹ȥʮеı˲䱻÷飬õйڣŵʮӿȥóڵѹ΢һɡ
ݿһسˢŵʮոմͨľһл״̬ڿĳˢ£͹ڷɿؼ١
ڴͨ˵ʮ֮󣬳ܶһ˿ɳڣ̿ס˾ͷǣʮת죬ûȥʮ
һ죬죬ʮ߸졭
תţֿʼƲסǿ񱩵ʱ겻֪ǣһ˿˿Ԫӿ͸ԪرŨٶڲͣؼӿ졣
һ˿˿Ԫر˾֮ڣںϽǿ񱩵֮Уʹӵؿ񱩡
ڵ֮ǾԲܷģΪԴӹҵ֮֮ԪڲͣؼѾûԪ
ﲻͬ磬ԪǳŨڿʼΪ֮ԪӿɵģԽӽĿռԽŨѾԼԼؿӰ
䡭
ѹƲסҩԪںϵһͷŵʮ˹ȥ
û˿ʮӦͨǴʱĳȴǷԼ޷ѹǾп񱩵
ʱҲӦ˹ⲻһҩò֪жҩҩƵҩҩЧһҩİٱǧ򱶡


332 ˷ѣ
ǸʱУҲûôԶĲҩҲƲôǿҩЧҩ
ҩЧûȫͷų𽥵ͷţ治֪ҩҩЧȫͷųԼ᲻ᡰ顱һըˡ
ʱûע⵽ԼԪı仯³ͻӵؽˡ
ҩҩЧڲϵͷţ귢Լ޷ǿ񱩵һѹƣƿķ򶼳⡣ѹһֻǼӵʱ䣬ͻʧȥĿƣǸʱ񱩵ͻὫԼľ飬ըԼ塣
Ҳѹǿ񱩵Լܹƿԥŵʮ˹ȥ

ʯԼĴϣԱ߷ƿҩûзãڵȴż˵ĵһжҪȴż߲оһܹ֮Ƿʳҩ
ǣҲûɥţ˫ȴ̣죬ȫתŹ
ξߵľͨڣҲҪڵľͨУߵľڡ
νھҪٳԼĵ˵֮󣬲ϵߡڿ֮ǰߵ̲Ƥ⣬ǣ裬࣬С
̲صķʽ̲صԪϡ٣˵֮ȴܹԪڵ֮ڣ̲صԪԲ̲Ƥ⣬ǣ裬࣬еԪܹȵģҪ̲Ƥ⣬ǣ裬࣬еԪ
þҲǳΪʲôܹϵȱʵԺξһУߵǰȫûеֿԭ
Ȼÿ˵ڵĿռҲǲͬģе˵ռСһЩе˴һЩϽٵĵռԽߵδʵͻԽǿ
ʱʯĵڿտҲҲûһ˿ԪѾͨľʱȫճһ
ʯ֪˾͵ڣƤ⣬ǣ裬ڻ̲ԪȻԱȵϡٵúܣҲԪ
ʯ嶮þľ괺ĵ
ܹƾԼ»ָԼʵһҪȷʳҩǿöࡣȻҪޱȣ൱ޡ֪ҪѶ꣬ܿܵȵԼ޻Լ۷壬Ѿһʱڡ
ѡķʽΪ˷һʱ䣬ܹԼͨһͻõһĻرЧһ
ʯһ㽫Ƥ⣬ǣ裬ڵԪƳʼЩԪۣԼľ
شʱվԼĵϣͣһЩѶȺܴĶЩʱʿ嶯뷨ʯһƤ⣬ǣ裬ڵһ˿˿Ƴ´ͨԼĻ
·˹Ҳˣĸͬʱѡûзʳҩֻǳ׷˽ҩΪҩʯ壬غ·˹ʱڵȴżľ
վڴһ۳귿Ĵɫص˵Ѿˣ겻°ɣ
ͯսĿҲųĴµģǳ꣡
ҺҲɫصųĴһԲĸ˲վڴϣɱ
½½˳лսԱսԱӢսԱаսԱϷսԱ
ÿ峿ȥѵ֮ǰÿƻʱѵ֮󶼻ų꣬ʯ壬غ·˹Ĵһ¡
ʯ壬غ·˹ãÿǵĶͷȥֻг꽫һأҲûгֹ
ⲻܲսԱģǻսԱģӢ޺ϷǵսԱҲŵġ
ĶӳѾӡǵС
رǳָЩԪ˧ʹʱĲǿƷֱʯ壬غ·˹Ŀд֮󣬸ӵг
ԣÿ춼ĴڣϣĴϵĴܹ

ǡ
Ѿũܸ˻߾ͷһξҵС
ʾһǳ츳֮⣬һߡ𣺡ڵУ¶һߣҵȼͣܿǾżߡ⣬ڻص֮ǰѾﵽξȴȷʳԪҩҩͻƶ˫ϰ
ϯϲŭɫܹ˷ϰ𣿡
֪˧˵޼ҸĲСӦö
ʮξ;ż߰̾һ
߾ͷ죬˧˵ζԴꣿ
ԼȻǩ˾ͰպԼ߰ɣصӣ

ʱѾͻƵ˵ʮﵽξ۷塣Ǵʱȴһϲʮεľ档
ʱڵҩЧв٣ȴԴͨʮôˣЩҩЧͻɢȥһ˷ѡ
ȻҲЩҩЧĥûЩҩЧƾڵԪҲԴĥҴʱЩҩЧԪѾٿ񱩣ĥЧѾ֮ǰôЧ
˵⻹һ˷ѡ
ҲԹҩЧȥʮıϣȴԺ䶯ֺ
ѾǵˣһֱĻΪҩЧԪû˿ˣǼȴҲĳǳ
üë˲֮һԣ˷һ겻֮˵ܹԼ⡣
һһ겻֮ڳǰþǰ겻֮͵Լ˽Һ˳¡
ˡ
ٴȻ֮ɵ˲ںҩʣҩЧڵԪֱñ


333 ں
ȵԪת죬Ȼŵʮ˹ȥ
䡭
ڴ˾ҵʹǵʮıɼ̡
һΣΣ˴ΣŴΡ
һ˿Ѫļⶼڳ鴤š
֪ԼܹٵˣҩͲ֮ںϲԪڽһСʱܹͨʮһеŬͶ׷ˣ
ô죿ô죿
пʼȻһ

֮ܲܽƿأר𶯵ʮ
꿪ʼŽԼƵʺͲ֮Ƶγһ£ڳ˵̫ˣȻƷ弶ľҪﵽ̶ֳҲʮּѡ
ƽ£껹аսںϣԪ£˾ҵʹʱԭоͺѣοŽƵʲͬںϣ
֮ҩں֮Ч֮Ԫյٶȸӵؿ٣ڵԪ͵ԽԽʱͨһ޵ʱᡰ顱һѡ
оԼҪˣԼò֮Щ̫ðˣ
ô죿ô죿
Ϊ˻ΨðգֻоٶͻƣнסȻںϵĿܡ
ֳһƾڵչȥʵǳðգԭľѾǳسڷֳȥһƣӵЩʧأֻʱֻһֲ֮ɵڵԪȴڼ겻ܹĿס򿪵ʮȴųĽֻܹԱ
Ĵųʶӿʶ˾ԴһУεɫҺ̬תʵڵľͬһɺš
ڵĴӿٶȣʱҲȫˣֳַһľֱͨӣͺñһؿ˺ӵڵľͬһس˳ʶ
䡭
ʶһľ룬Դͬһʹ֪ǣǼΣյ״ܿһ׳ա
ǸʶڵεбӿĴбơȻ겻֪һͻΪһ׳գҲ֪һΪΣյ顣
ҲܹͬվٶȣΪʱԪͬڷӿľ̵ܹʱԼľƷȻȥʮҲԱ
ʱٶȣҪԼԪű֮ǰԼľ
ʣµһ뾫ȫάʶڵεУܵάסԭΣȻ󻺻ƶתţӿĴ뵽֮С
ʱԺһƬͬǧԴһ㣬ۿžҪʧȥʶһʧȥ־Ҳͽˡ
ǿ־óһֱ΢ѣŬάʶεе״ת
״ʵǼӵʱ䣬ȴóͬȹ˼ꡣ
ˡ
һȻҲڳԺ죬ȴͬڸղһֱӿ뾫һ㣬óʶһδйˬ񣬳֪ԼľͻˣͻƵƷ
Ѹٵж˾ϵͨӵľ˻ʶеεɢȥһڵĺ
оԼľδй˵ʢ˿ĵ飬̿ʼԼ
ҪƲ֮ɵͱԼںϽ֮Ȼ֮УȻԼǣס֮ͷò֮ȻԼߣܹдͨʮĿԡ
꽫Լ˳ȫӣͬһϡŲ֮Ȼ͸ȥ
νԼϡķǳ˳ƷľȻ֮ǰҪԼͬһǰչڳ˵ǾԲܡ
ȴ⡣
һܿ˲֮Ȼ֮УȻͿʼŲ֮ͷȥγһӽؽ֮ס
ʱȻ͵ıƤѾ͸ѪҺȴһ
˿ͣǣŲ֮ŵʮײ˹ȥȻͬһһ
ʼɵͷۣÿһԭܾȣȴŵʮ۶ԽǿʮıϣƵʺԽ
ͬʱҲתǳڿ񱩵Ԫŵʮײȥͬ˱ҲƵĺһһسŵʮıϣһ߹һ
Ԫ˫غ࣬ڳڴ顱һʮıӦ顣
񱩵Ԫҵйڣŵʮк˽ȥͬݿһؽʮеų⣬¡¡糤һس˵ʮ
ֻ֪Ǵͨʮ㲻ڿйܹͨʮԱĽɻ֡
ԣǣͷŵʮıϳ˹ȥԪײ嶼ҡҡ׹ڴϵ嶼ЩȲסѾˣпʼӿѪ
ڿʼܵˣŲ֮Ч󣬳ǸҲʵ
ǲ֮ǲ֮Ȼ޸ܡóһһ֮øӵǿ


334 ξ
ŴͨһĻ壬ڵ΢һ㣬ҲֻһתǳڵԪڴͨʮС
һ죬졭ʮ졭
ʮתսԪӵػ񣬶һָȵ״̬ھڱ͹һڻųͬʱڵԪҲ͵˼㡣
ʱڵԪͬһĿҲٵ͸䵽⣬Ӱ쵽˳ΧĿΧڳΧŨԪҲһһԳΪĵһȦһȦ
꽫ʮת֮󣬱ͬһĿһԪŵʮ˹ȥͬʱͷסǣŵʮı𵴶ȥ
ˡ
һҶܼ𵴽õʮıϳһ˿ѷ졣
һ˿ѷ죬ͬһӳһѷ죬ԪͬȵĺȻʮıϳơ
һɣٴͨһڵıԪҵһйڣڵѹһ˿
û˿ص飬Ҳ˿ĵ飬ʱ״ֻܹ˵⣬ûнΣյ״̬ԣתǳԪʼת졣
һ죬졭ʮĸ졭
ڵԪֿʼͣŵʮȥ
ʮͨˣ
ʮͨˣ
ʮͨˣ
ڵ״ʼתȻԪɱ֪꣬ԼͿҪȫˡΪȡ˶һЩʱ䣬оȥһڵԪ
⻹ҪģҪһЩʱ䣬ԼͲ֮ӵϡ
ֻס˲֮ͷһǿΪûкͲ֮ɵϡ
ܹͲ֮ȫϣɵĶͻɼαΪͨԺľҪá
ſס֮ͷļԼʼŲ֮ںϡһĹҲһμʱ⡣
ۡ
³һѪղ΢Ƶϲһ˿ҵ𵴾˺˳ĸࡣóӵСģֲĸӵؾȡһһؽԼͲ֮ںϡ
ȥһСʱʱ䣬ڳɹؽԼںϵ֮ʮ֮һ
Ǿʮ֮һҲóдϲǴʱĳȴòֹͣںϣΪڵԪֿʼñʮ֮һںǣ֮ŵʮȥ
ʮ֮һںϴ壬Ȼûں֮ǰЧһ־ҵóڵԪͬȼһ㡣
Ƥ𵴣𵴣𵴣𵴣𵴣𵴣𵴣ͬϳһɴӳɳڷڻص
ֻ˲忪˵ʮڳ忪ʮ˲䣬ǻصڷһͬ
ӷ˳ȥͬһĹŵľϿ
սԱȻĹˣڷֱӳ˸߿գŴӸ߿Щ˶ֻǴӸ߿ȴ֪
ѵʲô޹أ
ǽĹ˵ʱ򣬳ڵԪͬһڵʮһͨ
ڱڣھţһŸ࣬裬ǣ⣬Ƥ
ͨľпʼù⻬Ȼûдﵽ״̬ȴҲԭǿֱر
һִ˳ʱøӣԪٶȸ죬ھԪеٶȸ죬ϵǿʮ֮һںϵȻᴩڰʮ
ڰʮһ
ڰʮ
ڰʮ
ڰʮ
ʱʵѾﵽξ۷壬ֻҪٴͨһͨڰʮͽΪξڵߡ
һòν
ĳѾƽѾȫΣգڵԪȻۺ񣬵ڴͨô֮ڵԪѾٱ꣬ѾڳĿƷΧ֮ڡ
Ҳ˵ʹͨڰʮҲٷΣգ˷һЩҩͲ֮ҩЧ
Ҳܹ˷ѣܹЩҩЧĥڱڡ
Եͻ־ΪͬʱҲľһоԼľѾﵽƷĺڡ
Ҫ֪ϿĹ֮ͨ󣬳ľҲ͸ոմﵽƷںϣͨʱȻԼľһûڵĴĻϣȫԼõóĸˡ
ǳ껹ҪһҪڰʮԼһٳΪξڵߡ
ڵڳͬʱԪʼת
һ죬졭ʮĸ졭
ԪϿʼʮıϣطسŵڰʮıϡ
ȴʧܣ
겢ûйΪ֪һȽϴĹؿڣ֮ǰľϲͬͨξڣֻܹͨͣξڡıҪ֮ǰľü̡
һһεת죬һһεسڰʮıϡ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
һδεʧܲûóɥ־ΪıϿʼɶ
֪˶ãӳСչؿʼѾȥҹ˵糿
顭
ڴһڰʮıһͨˬĸоͬ
ڵԪԪת죬Ȼ󽥽չ
۾ӣһɶóŻǳûгԶһµء
ͷһﻹܹԼļһںֶճҺϣճҺл˿˿Ѫ
һߴӴ˵ϣȻͨ͡һˤſڵϡ


335 ǿĻ
һˤڵϣðû⵹˵ˤжأԳ˵ˤһΣˤʮҲʲô⡣
ûԭЩΣԭĲܹ֮ӪģڳϺ޸ˡ
ʵѵķǳԵǳ̫ˣζ£³óһһڡ
Գ껹ǿżطȻҡҡλεԡȥźˮͽԡ裬һϴϴһСʱϴɾˣȴǽԼڵøû
ԡص˴ϣ㽫Լľ͸統СԼʳƷȡ̻ʵغȥ
ȻǺܶǳ֪Լ̫ˣܹٳˣҪػָ
ڴһСʱָһЩŴӴ·˴߽򿪡ǵĿŴɢȥ
Ŵ̨ͷȥ̫ƻʱ֡
ӳ
⴫һһٺǺܶںϲá
Ŀ˳·ȥٶսԱվ¥½ֵĶ棬һ͸¶žϲ˹
ͷ˲һůžԲɺϣսÿ춼ԼĴԼ
̧սԱ˰ڣþԼлл
սԱϲõشЦš
ӳҪ̫жӴ
ǣֻ˳·㣡
Ҫࡣ

սԱһų֣һɢȥ
ͻȻоԼɤЩ£۾Щʪ󣬲ɵСӣ
սԱɢȥǿѾͷŸɾȴһճԶʻͣԼ¥¡ճĺ滹һ
ǿ
һ۾ϳ˴ӼճǿȻҲһˣʼ°ŶǳҪЩҩġ
һ˿Цݣǿ̧ͷ˳꣬Ҳûֻͷ¥˽
˴ǰŴ򿪣Ȼվȴǿ
ܿ죬һŲǿӰڳǰ
꣡ǿشһк
׳ãꡰžһһȻž˵Ĺ򡣴ʱȻ޼Ѿ⳥ȻҲü޼ҡ
̬ȣǿ¶һ˿⣬ųͷ꣬ҪĶѾˣһ¡
ǣ׳
ʻĲҩһһ˽һػ衣ͬʱϻһЩУװŵʮҩ
ʱǾԲģһϵЩУĲҩȷʵϵҩ䡣ֿ֮ʼЩеʻҩһٶʮ֣ÿʮܹ꣬һǧٶʮꡣ
Ųҩǿʱȴһֱڹ۲ųꡣΪһۿ֮󣬾͸о귢һЩ仯
оʵѾָˣƺǿ
ôܣ
Ҫ֪ǷʳԪҩҩʹʳ˽ҩҲǻָԭʵôԼһʵǿĸо
ȫ꣬תԼʱǿ¶һ˿΢Це˵꣬ĲԣϣܹҵǸ⣡
ǿ仰һڣóǿĹ۸дΪı䡣ô˵ԷһԪ˧վ綥˵ܹ׿ԼǸ˷⳥ʱڳжǿѾûԹԣЩǿΪˡǼæҡͷ˧ǰҵ̬Щ嶯ϣܹԭң
ǿˬʵشЦ꣬ŵ˭϶Թԣǻо𣿡
˵ɫһ꣬ʵǲͬģλӵĸ׶ҪҲͬҲûа취
룬ô¶
ЩԪ˧ĸһ˶ҪǿҲܹ뵽귴Щ˼ˣǿֿ˵׳Բ𣡡
ǿٴΰڰֵô˵˺㣬Ҵ󡣳еһеġ
вɸпԪ˧Ԫ˧Ȼ볣˲ͬ
꣡ǿ޵һ˿ɫ˽ҩˣ
ľʲôƷ
ƷĶߣ൱ľˡǿȻֻ޵һ˿ɫǻǱزˡǿʣľһƷľóûһ˿仯ɱԭЦݵţˣ
ôʵָ𣿡ǿ¶һĵģ
ָˣ
ûг
ɫһ㶣Щ˼ǿôгָܹԭʵͲˡ
𣿡ǿһ˿ɣǿɫֲѡ
ȻҲܹȥԳ꣬ԭԼĲԣﶯ꣬㱨ǳӵġ
ţٴεͷϵЦڷŴԭ´ͻƻѣ˧ĲҩӦò̫ˣ
˧ؿų꣬ԼжϣǿľʵȫֱܹԼ˵ĶԷûѡ
Ϊûѣ̬Ҳͷı仯سų˵ͷתȥҲ׷ȥ
˼ճǿ̧ͷһ۳Ĵ΢΢һüͷ漴չȻҲڴųȷʵǽΪˣĻĹԲ򵥣ʲôҩʲôǶһĶԼҲҪŪ֡


336 ͬ
ǿջҡҡͷԼʮֵţΪܹԼǰѶԼȴо
ȥ
ǿʱķʻȥ

곤һࡰ顱ؾ
Ԫ˧ʵȴǲСǳƷľ¾ͻȥǰ¶š
ѾӦ˹ǿ֮ԶԼʼôһǸо˵ʲôԼϢеǿҪ֪ԭ
ǿ֪Լܣ֪ǿʵټ󣬳һ÷ǳҡ
Źϣվڷм䣬ѸٵչϾһϲʱľѾչٶʮס
ľûпмԼ˺ŷջ˾磬ȻŲϣٴϣȻ󽫵ϺϵĲҩս統С
Ҳ뵽統Уһƾ
뵽֮󣬳ͳһҩũʼѵĸҩ԰ȻһǧٶʮʻĲҩֲȥæҹŴ󹦸ɡֲȥ͵Ĳҩгϲá
ֳһŴг
˵ԵĸǰԴ򿪡ͻξߵʱֱҵ˹ҪϵĹԼĹʲôͬ
½֮󣬳㿪ʼѰֹΪȨ⣬ֻܹһܣĹھ
ǣֻЩĽܾѾóе𾪵ˣ
Сʱʱ䣬еĹܣȻЩжֻͨʮÿͨһСסͨʮξͨʮξͨʮͿԿٵ
ҪͨȴһÿͨʮܹһСס
ζʲô
ζųҪ˼ѵ̫࣬Ǳ˵
ǡ
ϸֳϲҲζԼξսҲ˵
ԭ껹ЩϧԼ뵽ξߣԼսǿܹԽսƻʧûʧƺǿ
ΪѾƲ⣬ͻһСҪͨԼѡĹҪͨʮ˲ʵԲô򵥣ܿǼηʽǿ
Ѷȳ겢ģʱξڣܻЩƺ͵ġĳѾξڣֻʮܹٵʣľࡣ
ҳĲҩƵҩҩЧ֪ҪʱƳĲҩЧǿ϶ٱͲ֮ԼΪУߵӲ̫ңԶ
һԼʵһǿҪ˽ĳ嶯ǿֳɫܹȥҶд裬عˣ»鷳ʵرֳ
ǾԼı仯ɣ
ûʹرԼʶڣҪԼԴݾߡ
ԼУвǾںһֵУӾζһ˲ںϣоΧľһӱ֮ǰࡣ
ڵԪԶתǾȵ֪֮ǰǿ˶ٱ
ɲǱһȭǽϣ¾Ͱǽˡ
̫
վʽʼҰף׺ᣬ§ϥֲֻãҵţȸβȸβޣ֣ޡ
һ̫ȭоΧԪӵγһ㵭ıΧųתţͬһ޴̫ͼ
ڵȡ
桢Բȡ򡢸ã硰ˮ಻ϡ
һ˲䣬ּ̫һ㣬ͬʱҲнһ򣬶־ƶľʶڣεɫľӷڲͣ׳
̫ͣȭԼ̫ȭзͨ˲ʩչ˳
һһʧ
һһ֣
顭
һȭڿУڿб졣
顭
ڵһ֮һڿд˳ڵĿͬ쫷硣
¶΢Ц漴ɫ䣬Ϊ˵졣
顭
ζʲô
Ȼֳϲ֮ɫͨȻԼ˰죬ͻƽһ㡣
ԼȫʩչǱأǻһƻ
ֻҪһ룬ͼ÷û뵽ʳԪҩҩ֮ԼøԼʱ䣬Ҳû⼸ջ
ĬĬվԭ˼ţԼʵξ㼶Ӧûж֣ξ۷ҲԼĶ֣ǲ֪ԼУΣ
̧˫ڿһա
顭
ξߵĲ㼶ҪͨľǱ˵һͨԼĹҩͲ֮ĺ£ò˶þܹͨʣµĶʮ뵽Уߡ
ֻԼξߵĲ㼶˲ͬôԼ뵽УߵĲ㼶֮ʱٵĵǲҲȱ˸أ
У߱ȵľǵԽԽ㣬δĳɾҲԽߡճ껹ҡҡͷȻʧЦ
ԼУ߻һξ룬οԼֻǶʮ꣬ñ֪ԼʮѾξߣ»ñ˼ʵ÷
ԼڷʳԪҩҩ֮ͻơñǼԪ˧֪֪ǻ᲻ͷȥײǽ
ǺǿĻɣں޲̳ȥͶдһ


337 
̲ϡ
꣬ʯ壬غ·˹ĸ˴Ŷ̿ɳ̲ϡ
Ϊߵʯ壬ѾǴУڡ
غ·˹˶У۷壬ǲͬһ㼶սһصսҪǿ·˹һߵġ
Ϊ͵ģֻξʯ壬غ·˹лֻԭξˮƽ
ʯ壬غ·˹˶Ⱥ˽ҩԴʱǵʵҲָ֮ǰˮƽǣԿغ·˹ɫҪʯøһЩ
ʯ壬ðеİƵ˵ںԪҩʱ򣬾ѾͻƵĴУؿڣһֻǴУڣСؿڡҺ·˹ȴУ۷壬ԵĹؿڿǴУؿڣԭͺѣ͸ˣ
֪غ·˹ΪʲôҪʯƣϸһ»ô¡ڳҶû⣬ΪĲεͣԭϾͲ̫ѣᣬϵĻۺҲǱϽ״ĸõġ
ˣ꣬ںǸԪҩ֮ǰʲôΪʯĵʵ
ξ۷壬оѾͻξٽ㡣װЩƵ˵
ô˵Ҳһؿڰʯ̾Ϣ˵
ĸֲ˵еưƣŸԵ¡
أǼʵӦ˲ٶɣ·˹ЩĽʵ
صȴ¶һ˿Ц˲ٵĶǡһ룬ֻǸһ롣
˵صŷŭĻ档·˹ȴɫһ㶵ô
ֵسԾˣѵ㲻
·˹ҡͷҸֻôһӣȻЩˣһ˴ӼڴһЩҡ
βǿص¶Ľ֮ɫʯҲ¶Ľ֮ɫر㳤̾һҲһġ
ôһǳЩʵ
㶵հ죬͸¶˵ִԴкģЩԴľ󲿷ֶҪͶһ˵ϣǼδӰ˵ϡʣµԴŻͶЩϡ
ǡҲӦðѲԴ۵һ밡ֲǼԴǲʧ
ǺǡصЦг˷ŭҲǼĵϵӣ֧
˵ص˫ȭ߬סϵı鶼ЩһжԼŬġ˵ûǵĴڣҸͲõԷκβЩΪǵĴڲŵõģԼȨõһ롣
⡭лʯɫҲƣʵʯ壬״ҲͿһɣ
ʯҡҡͷҵûң廹ǰ⳥ңֻǼҲûٸʲô˸һ仰
ʲô꣬غ·˹Ŀһʯ塣
ʮ꣬ʮ֮ǰܹͻƵУڣҵԴ
ų겻ɫʯЦŽ͵ܺΪʲôҪհɣ
ûֻʯ塣ʯЦ˵֪̥ʰɣ
ɫһ䣬Ȼص˵ͷ
Ҿǽҵı̥ʯɫõǽҵԴ󲿷ֶͶҸ罪ϣǽδĽӰˡֽӰǲΣյĵطȻҲҪĥս־һĵطǲģ岻ֱֻ̥űɽĥʵǼ壬嶼ˡĽӰһһ
ȻǼĽӰˣֻǴӦһİƽɲЩĹ
ǲԵȵģǱ̥ʯЦˣҾͻɰתΪĽӰˡûг£ҾһڰΪһӰӣΪȥһЩù飬ҪӲпؿ顣Ǳ̥
Ͳܹı䣿üëһ
ܣʯͷҳΪеĵһ֡
ʲô˵Ҫʵĸף𾪵˵㸸׿Ԫ˧ߡ
ǰʯɬ˵˵ֻһϣ
ʲôΪʵ
Уڣ
Ҳô
Ѿܸˣʯų˵ҹܵӰ죬һһУҴ̫ࡣҴżԴбֻҪ£Ϊһֱ֮ϣҸûлᡣ
ĸֶãʯ̾һʱҪ塣
Ҳǣ˵
Ҳ룿Ծʵ
ԣʯͷ롣һȫ룬ʵѳ˼壬ܹɱòܹ֡ɱҲ᲻شѹ
һڰ룬ֻҪʵûдﵽٽ֮ǰÿһӶѡְơҼҲԣ˼δӰ˲֮⡣ǻжṩԴ
ˣԸ壬飬гһջỹԸְҲȻЩڼʱҲʹõļԴһֻҪܶһ¡ʵҲǸʡԴһܹؿһַ
Ҫ֪ЩǲԵ޹ʵ壬һѰҵ˸ԴЩҲΪӵļ룬ٵغͼһЩϵҲһֱ˰ɡ
Ȼ鶼Źģһһԭļ壬һͱǸΪ棬ǸǸ߰ļ壬ǸҲԲȥļ塣ء


338 ĸ
ʯ̾һ˵ԣÿһ߶Լļ壬ѡǳСġǿԲԼļ壬Ǻ¼һԼжԵԼļΪС
ǡһǸòΪأ
Ǿֻ취һǰǸʵԸԼļ壬һɱʯ˵ն
ûе취ɫһ
˵ԼļԸǸʯ΢΢üͷ
û𣿡
УʯͷǸ˲صĴۣһӰ˼壬һʱǸļ岢ûĦһмֽá
ʱƣǸļ巢Ħҽı˳ޣ˫
Ǹѡ˰Լļ壬һļЩ뵽߶
һӦǸӼǸ岻ΪǼЩĵӶǼǸѸپͱܿͱѹʧȥ˸壬Ѿû˼ǵˡ
Ǹм뵽ĵӶʧȥ˸ΣҪ֪һһǸĵӿŲټˣ￪֦ɢҶۺҲвˡ
ЩãֻǰЩ޳˼ģЩҪ飬ȻܵԴҲ̫ࡣеĺǸɴཫЩնɱ
ΪһԺҲûĸӸˣǲǰ壬Ǻ塣
ԣһ˵鷢ЩʿѡǷԼɵͼ岻ϵĵطǸǸͬ⣬õĽǸǸȥԸԼļ壬Ǹ߾ʣ·ҪԼļ壬Ҫɱ
룬ǷİһɵһĵطҪ֪ǸڶԸļ壬ܻܿɱĸĸ
ԣÿǸȥԼļ壬飬߶ѡɱ
⡭ǲпᡭк
ǻвټӰģϾһ̫ˣԴͷ䲻һԵĿصͳ˵
ʯҲͳ˵
СҲСŵ㡣һԵ·˹п˵
ûʲôŵ󣿡ҡͷ˵ʵĵӱԴҲԴõģҲҪûмֵ֧Դöࡣ
⵹ҲǣʯͿؾ㶼ͷϵɫ΢ת
ĸ˼žֻܹĴɳ̲
ôջǿȳʵͻ𣿡
˶죬ǳȳصУԭѾﵽͻƵٽ㣬⼸һ£ȻǼһЩƺҲûôŲĲҩҾò˼Ӧܹͻơ
ʯԵͷ˵òһԭѾﵽͻƵٽ㣬һ̫ᣬڵҪٺܶ࣬Ҳôٹ̣Щ˵ӦͻƵġ
˵ʯ¶˿ɬҾûôˣǺԼΪʹͣǰ
㲻ˣؿ˵ͣǰҲһУͣǰأһһУοҵ⳥ȥһ룬ҿûϣˣ

˵Ȼ·þȫҪеľɥͨһйȥ
ܹҽͻƵ⣬̾Ͱ壬ΪǸ˵׷ߣ˵
øּ·˹ʵ
ûֱӻش·˹ֻǵ˵ֻһ֧
ûǽ͸磬ʼɨڵЩʯҵһҩҩֽҩҩܹ߳ƹصĳɹʡ
ϸһ飬ҩΪƷƷƷͼƷҩ
ƷҩֻܹһɵĳɹʣƷҩܹɵĳɹʣƷҩܹɵĳɹʣƷҩܹ߳ɵĳɹʡ
ĳȻѾƷҩıԵһƷҩʦֻܹƳƷҩ
ʹҲʮˣ˵ͨߵİǶʯ壬غ·˹˵ǾҪˡ
ɵͻƳɹʣζŵԪҩãʯ壬غ·˹ȫܹõͻơ
꽫һƾ˻˼ţһЩʯúÿˣΪԼʵԭ򣬻ܹ뵽ÿʯǸֻǿǱϵĽҲð
ǰԼǺˣ
ƫͷ˿ʯ壬غ·˹Ϊҩ顣ǰǻûеʱԼʱҩеĸжδشδؾͻصԼ׷ߡ
һй¶ԼܵΣաɲܹ
ҪǳЩʮֵز˽⣬ЩӾһʲô̬ԼһݸΪھ͵ǿҲԣԼ׷ߣ˭֪ǻһʲô̬
Գܸɴضͷⶼ˳Ȼ飬ǲԼİܹͻƣҲΪǸˡǲܹͻƣֲϵسΪԼ׷ߣԼҲǴƼҡ
ȻǷԼһ⣬Ȼǡ


339 ̽
Ѿ⣬߲㹦ϽҲˣξϵĹͲϽˣЩԼܣҲԼʱԺԼܾܿҪƾЩչ
ڵʯźܶĹҲźܶҩӣЩǳʱ
ذɣ
ʯɳ̲꣬غ·˹Ҳɳ̲Ϸ׷ĸҲû˼ջأһ·ĬĬػص˸Եᡣ
صԼ֮󣬱뵽֮Сһִ֮󣬻Ϣ˫ۡ
û˲֮
ֱֻӷʳ֮ôǿҵЧ֮ҩƳҩһʲôЧ
꼤شӴŴϣֽϣȻŽ뵽統С
һ統У㿪ʼһʯ˹ȥȴûзò֮Ϊҩϵķӡ
ҲǸʱҲûвֶ֮ɣԼҪԼҩˮƽˣֻаԼҩˮƽȥֲܹ֮;
ףԼֻǰʯϵҩҩʱڷչʱķչǸʱԼܹ״ԼҪչҪ£ܹΪһҩʦܹĶԼа
ͷһ۵ҩ԰ֲŲ֮֮ĳƣ¶΢ЦĻʺϲ֮ģĲ֮ӦĻû⡣
΢΢üͷ꿴ľŶ굱ֻܹװֳ֮ԵС
ĸǰѾʼá
ô
ͻȻüëһȻԼûŵõζƶ˾ϸع۲죬Щ֮ƺܺõطֽ⣬ȻڵС
ץһо˱仯һûоĵطץһŵһ飬꽫ͷſɨȻܽ˾ࡣ
ְϲæʹɽֽһһ飬Ȼһֱĸҩ԰Сÿҩ԰һ
һ֮󣬳˳磬صԼᡣϴһ֮󣬱뿪ȥʳóԷš
ʳе֪ؽٰһ׷ᡣרΪȥսٿġԭ׷ӦٿΪھɽ޴ǵʬʱ䡣
ڶ졣
á
еȥսԱʬ壬еѾҲʬˣǵľװڷ
ÿһʬ߾װ϶Ĺ죬òõׯ¡
꣬ʯ壬غ·˹սԱ߽ãЩԼսսѣȴѾÿ˵жһֱʹ
ˣȸ߲޴µ˵ĸҲˡ
ÿһ˶ׯϵؾһȻĬĬ뿪ڳ˰ˡ
ǿЩߵļվԣ϶һֱʹ
Ⱥǿ˳˽˫Ŀ΢΢һУһ˿ɣתͷطԸһ˼䣬Ǹ΢ɲؿ˳һۣ˳ȥ
ظоǿСƷľΧһб仯ָơ
֮ǰҲǿΪʲôעԼǾһ˼Ѿǿ˼ҲЩ¡
ǿȻһߣϾһԪ˧ߡӦøоԼϢ仯Լõͻơ
ǿȷԼõͻƣô鷳ǻǰ˽ԼΪʲôͻƣ漰˳ܡ
̼Сģֳһ뾫ʶ˳Լʵξ۷ˮƽŲͣȥ
񣡡һ
ž
һʮսԱؾ޴µȼҲȻ˾ĬĬŴ뿪̫ˣôĴڣô٣
ԳǴﲢʡ
ʱǸǿųȥװ߽ģų
оһһµţǸƺʲô£ûп˹ֱų˹
˼˲ײһ
顭
ֻ˲䣬͸оԷƵķǳãǡξ۷塣
ӾһҡΣȻźһĿǸˡ
Բ𣡡Ǹ˼æǸ
ûϵ
˵˲
оǿ˫۾һֱעԼĺ󱳣ֱԼ߳˴ţ˫۾עӲʧ

͵͵³һղܺõؽξ۷壬ϸ˼һ£ԼӦû¶ʲôŷ
ذɣ
˵սԱҲͷԼ᷽ȥ
ϣսԱĬĬţû˵ͻȻǰĳͣĿ˶Լʮ״һʮӡ
ǸӵĿڳϣ´ųꡣĿҲ´ŶǸӡ
ĸߴ󣬼ϸͦñֱɱľͬһ
ǳꣿǸĿ˳꣬˫Ŀ֧ͬ
ǣ
ʱɫҲܲÿʱѾ²⵽˶ԷݣΪԷòķ޴¡
ӳǲԸ޴¼ΪѡΪ޴һֱһֱ޴¶꣬ǿ̽ûûˡ
Ǹӵ˸һ˿ŭ𣬲Գľ̷ֱһ˿ŭǼװģԷʵĿĻҪ̽һԼ


340 
ã꣬㲻ȻײҵĴ󲮣
˭ȫ
޴µø磬˧ҵĴ󲮡ҽҪѵһ£֪Ҫ𾴳١
顭
ԷͲĻᣬͬһ̹һųײ˹ȭͬһڵһسų˳
ֻһ˲䣬ľжϳԷһУҲҪУʵһ㣬ûжͬһȭŶԷȭͷӦ˹ȥǽԼͨξϡ
顭
˫ȭͷײһӱ㱻˳ȥսԱͷϷ˳ȥ
顭
ǸУҽڵһ壬αճͬһܷɻų긩˹ȥ
˵棬һ˿Ѫ˫֮ȴ¶˷ܵĻ档
ʱѾԼֻξڣΪԼĹսһУһоԼȫܹѹһУҽԷڶʱڻɱ
ֻҲһǾԼܹͶԷΪԼͨľٶ࣬ҲֻԼı˶ԷǱϾԷ˵ڳ־ԼԷ
һУãͲǵѪͬһܷɻԼУӹһ˿Цһ弶չͬʱԼľӿԷһһչʶ֮ڡ
顭
Уһ߿գȴͬһ˴ǹһ۴˹ȥ
УŲһȫûаѳһУҪһξ
Ҫ
¶Է񲮸˵ͻƵξҲԼϵ⡣ȻҶײ󲮣Ҫúýѵһ١
ʯ壬غ·˹ŲһҪʣµЩսҲ۵ŭԾԾԡ
˰֣ȻĿ˴ʱѾԼһȵǸУǸУԭҲʯ˵ľٶɫҲһ䡣ֻһУսԱΧŹʹǲҲˡ
ǣȵ꾹ȻֹսԱбһϲͬʱҲһ
սӾȻ˴
б˼ƽϣ֪Լǲܷ˳꣬ἤŭ˵ԼҲᱻ
ǾʹȰɣ

ͬһ쫷磬Уųת˹һͬһִĸųɨ˹
ĽŲһٴ˶ԷĹͬʱϲַŽĹâŶԷ߹ǲȥ
˶ǳؿ٣ۻҡضһ
ʤڰ弶;ڶԷй켣ƿأ޼УʤϵѹƣϾʱֻʩչξ
ԣ˾Ȼһ
޼УʮŭԼȻһξƽ֣ǳ衣
顭
޼УУȫ˳ÿһȭըһ˿ȴ弶ض˹ȥ
ٽֵһ¥ڵ㴰ϣʱվһ޼ٽĿų꣬˫ĴϿȷʵֻһξûеõͻơ
Щʧ̾һ뷨Ǵġ뵽ȻʧЦǳʳԪҩôô͵õͻơǶˡ
ʱѾȫһУеҲû˺ͶԷȥ˼֪ȥԿֻܹԼϾԷУ˵ҲܹԼ
ǿ˷ŭһٵԼѵԼԼ˲è
ʱ޼Уһγ˳꣬˫ȭͬһԴų꽻
ಡ
ɽͻأسڳǰͬſһ޼Уɶȥ
ٶȸͲһУܹӦҪ֪ƷżҲ൱ڴУ۷ľ磬ʵһУֵܹģ
顭
ɽǺײ˹ȥû÷ؽ޼УϾҲֻҪк𣬲ҪɱԷ
ǣʹǺײ˹ȥȴһУֵܹġײ޼У˫ȣ˫ǰظԱһɽײյ˳ȥ
ۡ
޼УĿѪͬһƬƮҶŵȥ
ಡ
ѰƴСķɽų˻
ৡ
ֱ˳ڵĽ֮Сڱ¶ԼǾ֮󣬾ѾԼľװ˸Ľ˴ŷɽĵط
顭
޼Уص˵ϣѾ˹ȥ
㴰ڵǸٽŻڴϵǸ޼УȻһ껹һߡ
ųȥıӰٽ΢΢üͷанȥư
Ϻܿͳĸˣ޼У̧ܿʧӰ
㴰ڵٽҲҡҡͷѸٵ뿪˷䡣
ʱڳķ
һοʵȥңͯսҲȥˡֻʣ˳꣬ʯ壬غ·˹ĸˡ
û£ʯеʵغ·˹Ҳ¶˹ĵı顣
û£국ҡҡͷ
ľѾ˾żغʵ
ţ
û뵽㻹һߣ·˹˴Ĵָ
ôģĵʵ
ʯһͦһץ˫𣿡
صҲ¶ŵһܹ˷ѣͻƵУ
Ҳû⣡·˹¶ŵ΢Ц
¶˿ĵЦݣ˶ѾӴ˳ǾӢеľӢ


341 
˲츳ã־Ҳһؼǿ
ãᶨ˵һŬǿҪӰѾʱҸ׷ˣ
ΰ㣿ʯҲ¶Цݡ
ǣҲЦ˵ʵǲÿɲһ㡣
·˹ҲЦ˵ɱ˦ԽԽԶӳûӡ
ǲΪҵģǵԼˣ׷ǡһӵ
ʯҡͷ治֪̬Ϊʲôôãֻͻƣ㵹׷ǡ

ĸ˷ЦѹĸͷŴЦɢȥ
Ц価ʯؿ˵ã֮ͱһȣǾ˭ͻơ
ã˴ȵ
ʯ彫˳꽫ַʯ棬غ·˹Ҳַ档
ʯ庰
ĸͬʱ
ͣʯٺ
ͣĸٷߺȡ
ʯ壬غ·˹뿪ˣϥڴϷʳһƬ֮Ļ꣬Ȼʼתǳ
ںʮ֮һǣڵԪԪת죬֮ԪͬһתڵԪ
ڵԪڲ֮ҩ£ԪĻѾﵽ۷壬꿪ʼǣԪŵڰʮ
ԭԳոͻƵǲ߱ٴδͨġ
һԪ۵òǿȲҪ֪һߺͻƵģΪÿһͻ֮ڵɱһͶҪ
ͺñһﵽ˼޵ʱ壬ôֻһ
顱һըˣ
ǣʱȴ֮ͬǰͻУϵ𻵣ֱ֮ͣ޸
һһ֮䣬óõ˼ߡ
ǴƤ⣬ǣ裬࣬ȫλߡ˵ıǿѾԶԶسԪǿȣԾȡͻҲ˿˺
ǷʳĲ֮ⲻ֮صĶڳϸĹ۲£֮ʳ֮󣬾ȻܹĸЧ
һѸԪǴԪһǼӴԪٶȡ֮ʳ֮ƺγһƺڶһϸСУǳ΢СȴǼ࣬˳ȫԪٶȳɱ
ЧǲһȻǶԳıž޴ãͬʱڲͣشĥľʹøӵع⻪
ĸǲͣظı壬ȻʲôԼ仯ȴܹооԼӵʻˣ·ÿһϸøӵӵʻһƲ⣬ԼӦˡҲ˵֮һҪãԪ
ԣܹͻƣԼǣһСʱֱǰ겻֮ЧʧҲûдͨһȻڵԪͬһ㣬ȴ˳ˡ
üͷ֪ڵԪ

۾һԼܹͲ֮ںϣ޴ôԪͬһ㣬ǲܹȻеĺγɻ
̴Ӵ߳ᣬŴȥгߣһ·˺ܶսԱЩսԱʳȥ
пٵ˼󺣶ԼаԼһͻƵĽڡᱻǿɣÿα𣬶ǸԼҪȥгһЧ
վڴ󺣱ߣϵ·ֻһڿ㡣˺ܶսԱرǻսԱǿɶ֪ǳ귢ҩҺķǶڳγҲʮֵڴ
֤ڴķУɾͻǶһԼʵķ
ͷԼսѰ˰֣ŴȥԪԼƮ棬ںһһȥ
ͨΪξ֮ߵѾͨ˲ͬξϵѾֻܹÿڱˣϵĺë׶ոеγѭԳͲϢ
ųһһźȥܺˮѹԽԽ˷ӿˮֻͬĳһλѹһȭڸֻܹѹֱ㱳һӶֻܹıѹ
ˮͬˮν޴Ǵȫλѹϸ΢ÿһ
ˮ
ʱڳĸ֡
֪˶ãѹԽԽ󣬵ȵ˳ΪԼѾ޷ѹʱ򣬳ں˫ȴ̶ȡһƬ֮Ļ£Ȼʼǳ
ڵԪʼԪת죬֮ҩЧʼ֡ڳγһ΢СУʼպеԪ
ľһȻطֺеԪȻҪ½ϵԪŨŨԪųڷӵҵͲ֮ںʮ֮һ֮Чӵԡ
ڵԪת·𺣳һ㡣ĺˮƺҲʼһɣֺصԭžʱȴͳڵԪ
ˮڳܿ;ͳڵԪںڳڣԪڸУڳ棬Ȼĺˮϵ壬Ƶһͬһ㡣
ڵԪȻڵںˮ廥ó崦ڸٵĳ״̬


342 ΢
顭
ͨ˵ڰʮ
Ԫ̫Ũˣּ˲֮ҩЧ⺣óͬݿһͻơ
ͬʱҲطʳ֮Ļ꣬ԼڵԪǿʳƬ֮Ļ꣬˽ĸСʱ꾹ȻһͨھѾͨ˾ʮһֻʣʮûдͨ
þɨһԼ壬Լ廹Ǿʢû˿ƣ͡ζԼɿͻơ
ַʳһƬ֮Ļ֮󣬳һγ֮С
֮ڡ
ǿµĻ㱨΢΢˼һ£ζԳ̽ǿѾΪõͻơ뵽˳ǰвһҲ˳귢ҩҺж̬ķѵСַһַ
ԸһҲȥ߹۲죬Ȼһ޴µľװ̾Ϣһ뿪ˡ
վָܲĴ¥ź߾ۼսԱ΢΢üͷ֪﷢ʲôΪʲôϵȥⶼСʱˣѾĵеôôǰ
ЩʲôҲɣҲȥӾֻǻվɳ̲ϣǶһͬΪǾǵĿⶼ˴󺣡
Ǵʲô
ߵԼİ칫ǰ־ҪϵһɫťȥָɫťʱͣԼĿǰҲûʲô飬ȥ͵ɢˡ
Ӱɿź߷ɱʯ壬غ·˹
˴ûȥ֮󣬾һֱԼԽԽǷꡣ̲סͣƿ˳Ҫ졣
˵½һ𣬵ȴսԱʧˡһ˼ˣѵʲôû֪ͨǣ
ܵķǰһͨãȴûκλ߳˴¥ŷִһЩźȥЩ߿ɲսԱפľˡ
˲֪ʲôʯסһһʣ֪Щ鶼ǳģҳѾ뵽Сʱˡ
һʯҲķЧԼϣ
Ҳæź߷ɱ
˺ߣܿ˽ࡣĿһ˼ųķǷСҲںߵһСʱջ뿪һԪ˧ũָӣ̫ʱȴ
뿪ˣ˳ź̲˵ĵطȥҪһԼ˼ÿҪ˼̫ˡ
̫Ѿа䵽˺Գ˺˵ʮ
һӰϵĶ·ڵƮÿһȻɳ̲ϣȴûһ˿ӡ
ƻЩԷģһͷƮɢסʮָߴϵѾһ׾ţǸ˻Ҫϸ߳һͷ
ϵĿһӶԷϸоǿϢҴϿȥӦôûмˡ
ǣϵĽŲû˿仯ŶԷȥԷŲƵҲû˿ı仯˶·˶ԷĴڣԶС
أڿ˵׵ʱͬʱͣŶԷ˹ȥ

һι˶Ǹ˵ĳ
ϵĿһ಻һ顣Ǹ˵ĳ¶˰ǷɫȻǡ΢ɫ
¶һЦ׵ݺ롣
ָӣ
ϵͷɬ˭
ǺǡǸЦ˭ҪҴѵ㲻֪𣿡
㡭ˣϵĿ¶ɫ
˵ˡǵǸ˵硣
㡭ô˵Ļ
Ǹ΢΢ĬһҲδ˽⡣
һ뵽һĸߵû뵽硣
ĿģʱѾ侲ܻҪ
ɫεûǴжѾܹ⡣ʱϱǿƣϳ
Ҳ˲ſԼƣмײ
顭
мɳ̲·𱻱ըķ
ֻ֮Ƶײ
ϽŶǸɫεˣк뽫˽硣
ûжҲ㶯ܹоɫεʵ֮¡
ǿ̸̸𣿡Ͻ䱸ʵ
ԣɫεͷûҡֻ³֡
Ҿֻǿˣ
ϵ˵·ǿһλѣȴǳɳ̲һץɳ̲ϵɳӱ㼱ֻ˲γһɳ
Ǹɳ˲һ֧ǹ΢˼ȥ
ֻɳ۳һ֧ǹʱȴڻƻͷŽĹâһֻƽĹâ
ʱ￴֧ɳ۶ɵĳǹǼţһһߵĸְҲᱻ֧ǹ͸
΢ɫȴû˿ľţֻ̧һָǹһ㡣
䡭
֧ǹ㱬鿪»ɳ
ϵɫһԼһʽɳǹȻûʹȫֻ̽Ҳʹ߳ɡôͻᱻԷһָƽˣ
Ҫ̽ˣȫһȭΣɫ΢˵˵
ĿһԭлŰѶԷµİգʱȴ
ûѡ񣡡Ǹɫ΢˵˵Ƕһȭ֮Ҿͻ뿪
ã


343 
ʱɫ΢˵ûѡ޿ˣΨһս
ھ˵İϵ޾ͷ˳˫ĿڵԪӵ˳žȭۣȭ˲ͬһɫףȭͷһȦ
ɫ
ɫ΢˵¶˵ͣſһȭһ΢ɫȭͷϵмطŴ
ǰ벽ȭ͵غ
һȭѾеһܼĺͬһԶԶ𵴶ȥ
䡭
һɫȭӰһɫȭӰڿײ޵غ֮ɳ̲߷ڣȻ֮һ蹵
䡭
ԵĴһˣͬ˲ʮ̨硣
ϵε˳ȥһѪڿһڣ˫ɳ̲ϣĵص˼סΡ
̧ͷѾʧ˷ɫ΢˵Ӱ
һֱں״Сʱľִͨͨﵽ˾ʮʣʮһûдͨʵ뵽ξڡ
۾ǰƳشӿ³һǿͬһһźˮȥˮԷڡ
ںվ˫һţͬһ֧һź漤ȥ
ҹ£ž
ںվźѹѹһȺˣЩ˶ȴˡûһ뿪Ҳûһ˻ó¡귢飬治ƽ
ÿ˵жڴʱţڴϲ˷ܡں׵ʱԽͱںЧԽǿ
رʯ壬غ·˹ˣ˫ȭգһ嶼΢΢
䡭
ͻȻͬһף˳һýӰӺ´˿УȻͬһһ㣬Ծ˺ˮ֮С
꣡
ǳ꣡
Ƕӳ
ӳˣ
̲ŵ˶վվŵ˶źȥ
ںˮεٶȷǳ죬ӵʱߵ˺̲棬ôôˣͼӰ˹
ӳô
ӳЧ𣿡
ӳͻ𣿡
ʯ壬غ·˹˼ųʵ
ͻˣ
󣬵˲̲Ͼͼžں̲ôãЩսԱľҲ֪ʲô顣
꣬ʯ壬غ·˹ĸ˷ʳԪҩͻҪȥܲͻ˫̵ıϡ
ȴ˵Ѿͻ˫̵ıϣһе߶ɵˡ

ʯ壬غ·˹ɫǺ죬嶼΢΢׳Ǿ仰ζʲôζӵϣڽǻΪ꣬ڳȴϣ
ǡһȭԣʯڲ
ʱǳˣҲûƴǣ̵ͷã
˲䣬꽫Լʵξ۷壬ڴʱʯȭͷѾ˹
䡭
ȭͷʯȭͷײһ𣬳͵˳ȥͨһɳȥ˼ʮףˮ
顭
δˮԾ˳ʯ
ʱʯȴǼվ·ûһ㣬ͬɵһģģϣˣϣˡ

ʱѾ˰վʯĸǰŭصʯ塣ղʯһȭɲξ۷ҲξֱӾУ
ʱʯҲӦ˹ĿǸ⣺ɶղ̫ûպá

ǰʯ壬ǳܹ˵ʲôǵȫܹ⡣
ҡҪȥ
ʯ󲽵Ŵȥغ·˹ҲԾԾԣһѽʯץ˻Цõ˵ʯ壬״̬ȥС߻ħ
ʯɫһ㶣־ǿ֮ˣܿ侲ųϵ˵лл
ã˵ö׼һЩҩȻԪ˶ĳϫ󺣵ĳϫڡ
صԼᣬȻʯ˲Ҫôһ·϶¶Цݡ
һκõЧһԺٷǿˣ¶ԼʵˡȻһӽԼʵ¶ξڵľ磬ԹЩ¶ھ¶ξ۷ˡ
ԼͻƵϢһܿشǿĶУǿҲһ˵ȥһ£˵ȥһ¡ǣȴġ
ǳõĵڶЧںЧЧͬһ㡣ȻԼΪԭһŵõ˿ٵǳţʯ壬غ·˹ûʲôûв֮ҲӴĽȣοҲõ˲ٵ⳥ЩҩǿƺܶʵҩȻԼôͻƣȴһܹõͻơ
ϢǴǿĶУǿԭȥһ¡ͻȻĵ绰ҴҷԸһȥ׳һ֮󣬱Ҵȥ
߽¥ݣ߳ݵʱĿһԼſվһˡ
һٽ
ٽĿڳ߳ݵһ˲ͬӥĿһó˲һ޴ɶݵĸо
̾жϣǰȻٽľʵӦѾﵽٽ۷壬нҲһľ롣
ⲻܲó𾪣ΪǰӵҲʮͷҪʯ廹Сȴﵽٽ۷塣
ʲôݣ
ζ
ΪʲôվԼſڣ
ǳꣿٽƽȣȴ¶һָ߸ϵζ


344 ·
ǳ꣬ǣдһ˿䱸
ҽȥӵºͣȴ͸¶Ųݾܾ
û˵ȡ˴ſԼһƿ֮һơǸҲûпٲ߽˳귿䣬һ¡Ķڣ˶Է
ҲʲôˣղԼѾʹˣԷûдԼԷȻˣܻ˵⡣
ԷҲֻǵųꡣҲŶԷ˾ô໥š
أǸӵֳһ˿͡

ͣǰǿ߿ߵ͡
Ŀóкܲȴû˵ʲô˽Էݺ⣬Ҳȷʵ֪˵ʲôΨеŶԷ
ҽл񣬻Ĵ磡Ǹڿˡ
һȴѳòᣬΪٽݣҲΪ񻪹͵ĶӣΪǻĴ硣
ѵ֪Լͻ飿˴ǰĿʲô
һӽûйôšĽű¶Цݡ

ǡ硭
֪꣬ݺͱļͥǻҲ˵飬𣿡
ɫһ֪Լݱʵ䲻ϻһǣһӵ磬ԼֻʱͻŲ࣬ȻЩ󣬵׷͡
Ҳǻ֪Լͻ֮ǰԼġǣϴλͼԼʱΪʲôû׿ھԼĶӣ
뵽вȻʧЦһô׿ھԼҲ̫ʧˡ
Ŀ˶Ļвһ̾Ķӣʮͷٽˡ
ǰҲû˼ȥпʣҲһ˿ŭһ˵
ֻҪ֪˼
˼񼥷Цˣǻҵˣҵ˼˼
ŶĻⲻͬǻңںںͻ
ʱѾˣʯûҵıѹԼû˿ˡȫûбɽ裬ΨԼһˡɴ˼壬ͻ˵¡
ǾͲ˵ЩɣɫмںͳۡͲֵۣһôԼļ壿
黪Ҳǲܹܣ
оһϲ˶ֱͦ˼֡ɫ˵·һ·׸ҡһ·ֿ
ɫһӵƷѾǳߣ˲˼֮¾һƲ⡣
Ի͵ǻۿѾ쵽ԼͻǩĺԼѾƲԼǻص󡣶Լ¶ǾߵݣԻͲŰԼҡ
ǡ
ԼôҪûͿһŮԼ
ͻȻһз·һƲ⡣ƲԼ𾪲ѣЩ췽ҹ̷
ѵǻ߲ԼгΪͻһǱʣſϺԼǩĺԼԼҲΪǰЩΪԼ飬ίϯ˧ԳֶƲ߲ͼԼ
һ˵߲񻪹Ͳ翴һ壬˫ŸԵ˼
Ĵʱûѹһ˿˷ܡ
ѵһΪǰشڣͿһ˵һҵȼ磿
˵ҲƲԼǱҪҳΪˣĳΪͻһǻ͵ĵλ˵ܵвҲһûߡԣҪַʽͶң˻ĵλֻӵι̡
ôĿųꡣ
ʱҲһ˿ŭ̫Լ¶Լ׸˻ңԼΪҲ̧ͷֻܹΪҵһΪҳʧȥҡ
οԼ׸˻ң¹̾ͻԼԼһԼгͷһԴԼб𣿻񻪹صԼ
Ƿ񶨵ġΪһлôܰԴԼб
ԼԲܹ׸ңĸҲֻԼһӣô׸ңమԭ˵飬ܹ֣ԼҲֻܹǣܹ֣ԼƴҲûʲô
ˣƽҲ׸ҡ
ɫ΢䣬лֳŭ˵㲢ˣ
оӻϱ޾ɱԼѹǳɫȴû˿ı仯
Ц
꾭Ҳ٣οƷľһٽܹģ
ҰɫƽһǾ仰·˼
зֱ𣿡͸¶ؼ
Уֻ˵һС֣Ҳû˵ŶԷܹԼ˼
˼Ҫҵ˼˼
ЩҪ׶˵
ǽ̸ɣ
ŭ⽥ɢȥ˳ļһζûУվȥ
㣡
Ҳվѻ͵⣬Ϊ˵ݡ߽˵ݣתų꣬ݵźϵ˲䣬ӵڴ˳Ѿ˳ȥ
źˣʾϵֲϵر仯ţȴüͷ˼һ仰ʲô˼


345 
Ȼüëһ˻˼
ΪһŮӦ̫׷ߣ׸ҵҲڡԼͻ֣»кܶг֣ΪԼ
ԼӦ׸ңһлҶƽԼܾ˻ңԼкܶ鷳
üëչԼͻѾǩ˺ԼԼı߲ӦóرǷԪҩ֮󣬻ĸ߲ӹעԼ
ıǾֻܹԼӦˡνıЩ׷ǰԼսûʲôðΪĥʯ
ȳĶ־
ʱȥ
û´սԱͷɡҲ֪սԱɱУܹ̫ҲҪųжȡ
ƺҲʮֽţȻʲôȴܹоһֽŵŻء
졣
غ·˹ͻˣΪ˴УûʲôֵģԭʹﵽͻƵٽ㣬Ϊɱ䣬Ԫҩԭ򣬿ͻƵУˡʯûͻƣոͻƵУûãڽͻơʯҲǳЦݣɼ׿гЧ
ִͨУɴϵȱľƺѾսӵˣûսԱͻ⡣еõͻƵսԱԭľ
ɳ̲΢ҡźϵҬҶһжô
Щɢɳ̲ϣоԼЩͣҪһ¡ѵõûȥں̲
תͷָӴ¥ȥôоһֽŵķΧڴ¥ΧԼûиоԴľ뵽Ʒ֮һظо
ʲô£
˵й񻪹ͺ񿭶Ҳһʲô·
顭
ҵɳ̲Ȼɳ̲Ӱͬ˳ꡣ
ǳ⡣
ûиоһ˿һɱûͷųľ磬Ҫɱ꣬Ҳܹоɱ⡣ǸǸ߼ɱ֡
Ǹɱֵľ糬˳ܹ꣬þȫɱⲻ֪
ǡ
бȳ꾫ߵ
Ȼ³⣬껹˲˹㣬ֻ򱬿ȭͷ˫ȭֱԼмٷŴȭͷ
³ͻȻоԷʵǿûдӶԷϸоɱ⣬ʹǿֻξڵ
ǣʹˣӰҲͬȻײһ㣬ź󷽷ڶȥصˤɳ̲֮ϡ
ǿХ
˻֮󣬳ſڿзڵ˾ȻǿХֲûиоɱ⣬˾Լʵġ
ǿХɳ̲ȥѪգ㶵ض߹ĳꡣ
ߵ˵ǰ˫˵ǰһ£ȻŲӺǿХػˡ
˴˹ͬʱųǰشһȭ˰벽Цеˡ
ʲôʵǿ´ųꡣ
ξֻ˲˾һҪƭԼλѣһҲӦ˵ԼʵΪԼ˺޼ҷ⳥ͻƿһҲûʲô
ǿЩҲûʲôҲֻǻɣץʲô֤ݡ˵غ·˹ͻˣǿ͸˵ʲôֻܹ˵ʺǿٽϳԴٶȣ͸˵ʲô
ξ
ǿХȵؿ˳һۣȻϡһ´ų꣬ﻹͬʱţôְˡ
ʱҲڹ۲ǿХʵʵǳȴܹʵӵ˾ܶڳоͶܡ
Ҳ¶һ˿ȣǿȻѾǰ벽ξХҲڵ㡣
һΪѾѳԶԶ˦ȥû뵽ԽˣХһҡͷ·ڻܹʵ
ҲҲһ񣬵ǳҾͲˣҿһŰǿһظиš
Хǿüԡ
зǳϲã֮Цŭʱ·ص˳ʱ⡣
ôˣֵʵ
㣡ХĿųꡣ
걻ХĿ⿴е顣
аꡣǿǰ§סļЦ˵ʲôʱѻֵģ
ô֪
ֹ֪ǿЦЩ׷˶֪ˣҪ㣬֪ͨһ£Ǻǡ
س𣿡
ǿҡͷˣ˭Ҳ
꣬ⲻС¡Х˵Щ׷˶Ǻбġ
Ҳ΢΢üͷ˲ɿüͷڼ֣ᱻ㣬Щ׷ҲԼ鷳
뵽вûһ˿ѹһϲá
ǿХ˵ˡҺôûмսӣ
岻
ǼδĽӰˣ
ǣ
ǡ
ҺХһ֮Ƚӡ
ŶǿХ͸Լķº
˵ؽ̸ţһߴ󲽵˹Զ͸оǸŨصĵ⡣תŰȥһ˹


346 ʮһ
ǿХҲ˳ųĿȥϲͬʱֳһ˿ЦǸߵǰʱǿЦųǸ˵ӣôˣ
ǿһ۳ϵϵȱװ¶һ˿мŶǿХк磬ظ磡
ӣ㲻׷߰ɣʲô֣ǿ¶˲á
磬Ҿһʲô󡣬ȻҽȦȢߣݺݵص˳һۡ
дʱҲû뵽ʲô˶˲һţ˵Ȼ׷ߣ
ȻڹƳҲܹӦŹѾˣˡ
ߣ˼ƵųҪ֫һ͸׷ǲ
꿴һ۹СӲڵڶ㣬ǲ֪ţ
ǿХ໥һۣͬʱ˼ÿ˵̡ǿɫԥһ£˵飡
һղǿХ͹֮ĶԻ⹢ѡҪͷӦȴ˵Ҿ͸һӣֻѵһ٣֫ˡ
꣬ǿХɫһСӵҸоҲ̫ˡ
顭
䣬ķӦǰһȾȻͬһսһųͷ
򱬣˺صƿδѵͷѹ
ɽ
ŹյĹɫû˿ı仯ܶûܣֻһֻſĹֻȵĽץ˹ȥ
顭
һѾͿס˹Ľףָһ͸оԼİӶ
㡭֡
ҪӷʧȥԷֻ͸һС
ŹĽףǿ˵ͷ֪ǵѡ
˿ֿ꣬˿ǿʱ֪ղǿó顣нֲ֧סо嶼ʼ顣
ɿ֣˼ǿվȣ㶵ųꡣ죬һԲתȥ
ǿǰĴųļЦСӾһգλȥֺñչˡ
ȴûлӦǿǰȥ
ʱǰʮһˣÿһ˵ƶ·ܹѵ߹ϵ·Ҳӵسгǵʡ
ȥǵ·ʲôӵģһֹ֪
ٶʮ׵ľ˳ȥʮһ˽뵽ľ֮Ƥ˼¡
ǿ
ǳǿ
ʮһ˵ҲʮͷСҲͱȳ΢ϼ꣬ڳ꾫¶Ϊȴ𾪡
ʵҲξߣһξߣξߡһУߣһȻУߡ
ǿХҲüͷо޴ѹʮһһǴδӰˣԴбǲżԴʵٵҼĹҲѡųɾŵ
ǿХУǼδĽӰˣȻܵԴбһ֮»ͼеͨһ㣬ʵڡ
żûмĽ
국ԽԽʮһˣʮһͿ˳ꡣǾΪ˳ôܿꣿ
ǡ
ÿ˶·ûпһ㣬·Ǿ̲һ㣬໥̸ЦӯĲ
ǿХɫúѿݺͶʮһŲࡣһǸδӰˣһӵһ֮ڼмѵȡһλ
ǿХҲǳߣʮһδӰ˲ֻδӰˣڻǰɣ
бҪڳǸĿһеļ
ɫû˿ı仯Դ֮Ѿ뵽ˡǾѾ˴󽫷ȡ
ʮһߵ˳˵ǰȻһֱװӳģÿʵڰ۲ųꡣ
ԶԶؿǿХɫеͬʱҲ˳ꡣǿȴǳһƽ
ƽþʮһ˾ʮһÿݲݡ
һʮһҲԳ꾿ʲôʵ״̬ǲ
ʮһ˲վ˳Ķ棬Ҳ˵ֻǵųꡣҲǾվĿⲢûһȥɨʮһˣԭһǰǰûʮһһ㡣
ⲻʮһ֮һŭʲôˣ
ǴδĽӰˣſ֮ӡ
ʱȴһݸˡ
ǿХÿɣһξߵ˵
ǿХϾһƬǺ죬ŭĿ⡣ξʱǿХ硣Ȧ涼֪飬ΪǵļǳǮڻҲĴ󸻺塣
źֹܶԶĴ壬ЩԣƸЩڱϵĸϵ˸ͲܹЩȡ
ҲΪ֧֣Ǹղ˵һ㣬ȴӲԴѳһξߣѳһ֮ӡ
ڴȦжܿǸξֲò˼ɻ䣬ԴҶӦеòƽû׵ȥ
ǣһˣȴ˵ȻںǿХ˵ǵȻͬڷԸһ¡


347 Ǯ
ǿХŭı飬ǸξνЦЦĿ˳꣬˵ǰɣ
ûֻƽŶԷ
˭԰ɣǸξһָǰҡҡ㲻˭Ϊ㲻ʸ񡣡
ûĿⶼûһ˿һĲǸξһЦҲûںɫ
˽ļͥ
ĿⶸȻ֧ͬ˶ԷǰвĸĸѶԷնɱ
Ǹξ˳ĿͻȻ仯һ㶣̶ʧЦ꣬Ҫݸ˼ЩˣûôֻĲݸó
ɫһͣȻԷĻ˵òȴ׵ظвĸҲȥ
ƽЩҲһЩҲһǴ
꣬ͨҵĵ飬ļͥԣ֪ΪһߣҪԴûвƸҪһջɡ
Ǹξȡһ֧ƱٵдţȻһ֧Ʊ˺ų˹
֧Ʊͬһѳ˺˿ų꼱ٶ
ָؽ֧Ʊָ֮䣬Ŀ֧Ʊȥдһ֡
һڡ
ǮˣԶ
һڵֽ֧Ʊӹһ˿Цݡ
ᴵʱҵĿⶼڳϣǿХҲ⡣
ǵЦڷŴǸξϵЦҲڷŴ󣬶ʮ˵Ҳ¶Цݡ
ݸǲݸ̫״ˡһھ͸һͷˡ
ǿХɫѿѡ֧ƱԶ뻪ǺͳҲ˾ͷ
Ǯˣ
˵ҲڵӰпû뵽ѪȴԼϡ
Ҫ
ȻҪǣ˵Ľ֧Ʊ
˵ˡ
ͻİܹýǮ
ο
ҲһǮˡ˺ԭһǧ֣֪ѾΪξ˺һǧ֡Ѿǧ֡
ǧ˻ɽǮĻǾǧڣԪ
ڵ˺ŶǼ˱ܵģⲻó̾ԷԼ˽⻹ǲ
˫ָһ֧ƱͺХŶξȥȴһԲʵ˵
ʮһչ¶ЦݵɫһͣЦݱ㽩ϡͳ겢վǿХԭȴųĵЦݡ
Ǹξؿһ۳꣬ҲûбֳʲôһЦָż֧ƱָȻ֧Ʊдһ֣Ȼٴγų˹
ûпָֻһ㽫֧Ʊ˻ȥ
Ǹξס֧Ʊ¶һ˿Цݣе֧Ʊʮڣ
Ϲžû˿ķӦ
ðɣ
Ǹξʮڵ֧Ʊ֧Ʊдһ֣Ȼ˺ųһڣ
Ȼеһڵ֧Ʊų˹ȥ
ɫû˿ı仯ָһһڵ֧Ʊһŷֽһش˻ȥ
ʮһɫˣȫû뵽һݸһڵĲƸ᲻ɫ
㲻Ҫûϵ
鷳еӦòã
ξ֧ƱӰ´ų꣬Ȼָֻ˸߰꣬Ϊ𣿡
ЦЦ˵ˣϣ
ⲻǷϻһΪԼ䲻һŮĻǻ̸ʲô飿
ҪҪţҪһǣ޷ģҲҪƾԼ˫ܹһƬ£ԼŮҸ
ȫû뵽ش𣬶ʮһҲɫһһ֮ʮһŭˡ
Ȼ˵ϣ
ѻʲô
Լʲô
ꡭǸξ˵㻹ǲʲô㲻᲻֪ɣ𣿡
˵ų꣬ǵļ޵󣺡ƾһͷƽʱһ㹻һӰɣѵνĶİȥܿࣿеκһһ𣬶ȺһҸһ㲻ϰɣ˾˵ʵҪʲôİҸʵ
ǸξԺϬֻǼ仰ͰѳƵ±ϡҪͳȱǿģ;óʵʵĶ
ɳ̲е˶˳꣬ǶҪ꾿ǿХֳһ˿ǰﲻæ
ڴеĻһη岢ûгڳϣɫƽ˵Һ飬ʲôϵ
㡭
Ǹξûһֱĵֳܻ֮ɫǲǴδĽӰˣܿ侲
ðɣǲ˵ЩǸξչƣǾ˵˵ʵΪһˣܵбԼŮ˵ʵɣ㲻һŮ˱ųɣ
ξĿϵɽһųѹ˹𣺡꣬㲻ҪҡΪҸֻðĨȥ
국һЦ
ξŹֵؿһ۳꣬ûһ˿ƣǲ֪Ǹ˵ĸ֡
ξûг֣ԼѹųꡣƾԼξʵֻƾѹꡣ
һ룬롭ʮ롭ʮ롭
ξʧɹžվơξŭˣʮ˵һǳʧӵ顣


348 
顭
ξԾͬһֻѸ͵سų˹ȥϵ·Ϊٶ̫죬ϣռ䷢һžž죬µɳ̲ɳ̲·һ㡣
˫ľ벢ԶξȭͷڳмطŴ
ܹۿɼξȭͷͬʱһı
ξ¶̵Цݣ겻һϵȱԼִͨξǰͲ
һȭ
ֻҪһȭͿԴ򱬳ͷ
Ŀ˲ȻԪľͬһ㡰ؼ
Ѹٵؽξ۷壬Ҫ֪ڵĴͨͨߵǷֹһͨξֵܹģ
ȻһڵըĺǸξα㵹˳ȥһѪǸ첲ѾյţѾˡ
ʣµʮȭͷײһ˲䶼о˵𶯣ɳ̲ϵɳͬɳһ
ʮ˵ϲɳӣһƱ˹ÿһ˵жȵĿ⡣
ⲻϵȱʵ
ųһȭǸоξʵδгǿ
һȭӵһƣе˲ܹĶǰѵѾǸ̶ȣ
ѵõĴ
ղŴһȭ̫ȭе乭仢һȭͬһ֧ŽâȥִĹ
һ̡
͸ȫÿһͬһſĹֻȭͷͬʹɫ
һݸܹĶ
ҺԳ񲢲һϵȱҲһξǲһʱ
һݸһʱûмԴִ֧һʲôҲǵͨһ·ξ
ʲô
ЩķŴԴʲô
ʲôܣ
Щ˼ԴҲ˼ŬҲǿģ֪ļѣǸŬͨ١
֪ûмĴԴбǲĳɾ͡ǳô¶
Ǿڸղţÿ˶ظоִִ⡣
㡭
Ǹˤɳ̲ϵξֱ۵Ķϼⲻסس鴤ȫԼһ֮ӻһݸ֮¡
ݸ仹ԼС
Ҫͳ꽻ֵˣҲֻܹ鵽ǿ
ΪδӰˣԲǲյ֪ʶǾԵĹ㲩ӳһȭоĹԲԲǾһɫ
ҲûкõҪĻ֡һݸôĻ
ôĻҲԣܹû򵽵ĹǲҲǲˡĶǲ۵ģٶĻҲ򲻵ĵӵĹҪΪĺĵҪؿ飬ûĿǲܳΪĵӵġ
ܹŲξꣿ궼
ЩĹڸܹ֮Ϊ壬ΪŶĹ
ѵı򵥣ʾֱ
ʱ˼ţʮĿⶼԭǶΪ겻һ󡣬ֻҪһָͿνϷˣġ
ǲһɱ꣬ǻ棬ó곢Ϻϵ˫ʹ࣬ÿ춼ج֮Сÿ춼־÷
ǣ̫ǵϡ
һݸȻܾһٸڵջһݸȻ𾪵
ʱÿ˶ڳ궼ʱÿжףš
һݸûκαûκԴʣȻӵξʵ
һв
ôչȥܿͻǹĿǾͻȻʧɫ
ԲܹʱѾΪ˻⣬ΪԼΪǵļ塣
Դǹ㲩Ҳ޵ģɳɳһΪһ˧ߣӵԴʸһͻΪѾǶǸ˵вˡǶԼв
ԣ
ʮ໥һۣûȥǸ˵ξΪѾʧȥ˲ʸ
ʮлһξЦһ£һ֪ԼǳĶֻ֣һҲͬʱ˳˶Ի׷
ͷһǸ˵ξԿЦ
ʱȫûƵ꣬ǽȴǱƳȦӡ
ⲻܲ˵һ̡
µľŸһξξһУһУ
ŸڽȻûǱ˴˵˼ȳȥꡣ
Ϊ˭ֻ˳꣬ζŸռϷ硣
Ÿͬʱǰһͬʱͣ໥һĿ⽻˭ҲϺˡ
ǸУǸΨһξ˵ӣ°ɣ
ӵһǺ죬ɫҲ˵˼̫ˣ
ʵУʼ硣
ͻȻЦˣȻҶΪҲǳĶֺ֣αǾͲȳְɣ
䣬Ҳ˸˷Ӧ˫ڵߣÿһɳ̲߳һ

˸ɫһ䣬Ѿ˳ȥҲ֪վԭزܹܲΧһ˰ɣ
һ˲䣬Ѿ嵽˳ĸǰ˫Ȼһ֣һʽɣұ֮ǰѾչ˼£Ȼų꼱˹ȥ


349 һս
ֱڿռ𵴣ͬһɰìӴʱͬŷɳìȶϳš
ӵһȣռڻصȭз·ȭͷѾûһ֧ɰìƿ˿żХ˲䵽˳ǰ
вһ̾Ȼ壬ֹǿᣬҶԷҲصõһʽ裬ŷɵ˼¡ԭξ۷Ѿξڡ
겻ܹ㣬һ㣬ʧȥȻΨԼƺܸɴػܶԷ
˲佫Լʵξڣͬһȭƽ͵ع˳ȥһʽ乭仢
顭
ֻȭͷ׺ݵײһ𣬷ҲƵĵۿɼȭͷĽ𵴣ͬһʯӽ˺ĵһȦȦ
ۡ
ξһѪԼұ۹岻ɶֹص˳ȥԽ˸˵ͷԽξͷһߣصˤڵϣۡһһѪҧɳ̲վŵԶĳꡣ
ʱվڳֻʣ˰˸ˣξһУһУ
˳ͣ˸˵û˿ľ£ǿҵս⣬ֺڲصĳս⡣
˸˴ʱѾȫ֮ǰֻǱϷˣ̬ȣȻĿ⻹Ǹӵ̬ȣɫ֮ȴ˺ܶࡣ
е˼һξ¶һ˿Цݡ
ŲôģǸУҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǸΨһУȴûҲû˿ı仯ôų꣬ϵսȴ·Х
˸սͬХһų걼ڶ
ս⣬ǰЩ˶Գ껹û˿ѹľչ׾ٵؽЩսֽ⡣
ս⾹ȻԳû˿Ӱ죬öİ˸ɫ΢䡣˵˸˵ս⣬κһ˵սҲ˲ʧɫ
ǳûС
ξüʱѾΪһξǵڲסطŴ
տʼξʱΪξ
ȻǸξʱѾ׳Ӧξߡ
Ȼ󣬵ǰ˸˵ƻһѹ˳ʱ򣬳ƽɫǸоҲξڡ
ǣǳξڣξҲһӳ̬Ϊ˶ξ۷壬ֻٵͿԳΪһУߡ
ԣ㹻Ļܳꡣֻ֮ǰ΢ѾһЩˡ
ʱĿŰ˸˿ȥȻͷս⣬ǽȴû˿ƶÿ˴ʱɵ꣬Լͱͬʱ֣γ˶ԳȺŹǶǸˡ
ɣһξ˵
һξҲ



ҿξ̼žԼͬ˳ꡣ
ǰ˸һϰɣ
ʲô
˸˲ŵų꣬Ҫһ˴ǰ˸
Դˮˣ
ɵˣ
ǳ֪һҪ׳һЩ
ԣ
һ
˸˵϶ֳ˼û˰ѳĻض¡Ҫѡһȥɵˡ
국һЦξ͸費ѹǸУҲСǸУһЩڴ
ʵҲ֪ԼǲǸУĶ֣ȴһشǸУǰЩξս˷ʱ䡣ȻˣǾͲѹøһЩһսǰ˸Լļ޾
Ȼǲм֣ôҾͱ֣
̤ǰһ
һͬأصŶİ˸ѹ˹ȥ
ֻһ˲䣬˸߾͸о̩ͬɽѹһ㣬Ϊ֮һ͡
һֱǸӵ˺Ȼƺøߴ󣬰˸һͬʱǰһǵһϵƺͳƶײ
ǣһѾγ˰˸˶Գһ˵Χǰ˸˲һ졣
ǵǿҵĻɣɳĸҵǰ˸ˡ
ͬʱҲԳӵӡ
ǰ˸ͨİ˸
ǰ˸һܹȵ
ѵΪһξһξ;ܹͬʱ԰˸ˣ
ǰ˸˶ξξ
ǰ˸˿ɶǸδĽӰˣ˵ʵ꣬ǸԼľҲͬʱͬ׵ߡ
꾹ȻҪһǰ˸
˸˴ʱһֿЦõĸо
꣡һξ˵Ҳ㲢˽ǰ˸˵ʵǰ˸ξ۷壬һУһУȷҪһǰ˸
ϴŵЦݣʵȴȻٴαԪھпתˡͬһƶƲס
ǸһֱɫУĿ΢΢һĿһӡ
뺣̲ԶָĴ¥Ķ㣬ͣվ˴ǰź̲ȥ
ȻңԶǶ˵ȴû˿⣬ϵĺëһ
꾹ȻҪһս˸ˣǻͶò⡣Ҳֻ΢΢һüͷб¶һ˿Ȼ
ˣ껹һߣһżߡľˣǿսʤһٽġ˳ųҪһ˸Ҳ
ǣͻЩһսʱһҪͶԷ룬һ߽߾ʧȥƣʵ߻ܣɱǲܡ
ǣΪʲôûк˺Ͱ˸룬ǰһأ


350 ˲ս
һ˸վڻԵĿ¶һ˿ͣΣǿɲÿ˶еġ
Ҳûʲô͵˵һż߶ԸξһУһУ֡
ǡųЦݣҵǾþ
͵ƤһղҲ뷨ȴšǳڳļַߵһ˸
ѵݺ
ߵһ˸ֵһϵҲ͸¶һ˿Ȥ
ɣ͵ҲȤ
Ǻǡ۾΢΢ֳһ˿֮ɫ
ʱ
̲ϡ
İ˸˻ԥûжԼγɺΧ֮ƣ㲻ٵȴҽɳ̲Ϻݺһߣξͬһ֧һһξ
乭仢
궢ϵǸξ˫ĿһҲûʹκ似ԳܹڴǾǶԼһ衣
ԣҲֱֱһȭ˳ȥֺȭƽڣ
ͬʱʣµ߸߲ûгûԳΧǸһóǸξǲмΧŹ˼
ǵĽڴδӰ˵Ľ֮ôȥΧһͼĲݸ
޴
ָĴ¥Ļش³֡ҲǺǵЦҲ˵Ľɣ
ǡҲЦ˵ǺڵĻ𣿡
顭
һ죬Ǹξ͵˳ȥһֻ첲Ѿ飬۵Ĳţ֮ǰξξأӻڿоѪ
෽һȻת˫ȭͬɽ壬ξĶź˹ȥصɽⷢӵ쾡£ɽڶײ
̫ȭ˫
ξоһݣղǸξһлܳˣһ˫ȭȻȫ棬Ҳˡ
˵һ˿˴һӲӲûȥˣñЦ
Ѹٵؽ㣬ͬʱʩչԵľһξӭųȭĳһƣһƵһϵɳӶʱǸξͬһֻԶžܣֻƴſɽƴ˿һҲƵľ졣
ͬʱһξȴǺһȭһȭĽ¾Ƕ̴ٵһµɳ̲ĽΪܷڣͬڿڲĺǸȭͷͬŵڵһ˳ȭ
䡭
ξбź󷽷ˣڰ廹ܿƴײһһͷѵξǸ첲裬ΪײһǾ޴߹Ҳ˼
ȴ˵źȥһξ˹ȥֻ˲ٽǸξ
Ťȣ̫ȭת
һ׳ĴбͬһԵգǸξնȥ
ǸξӲˣ˫һȥĽŲıȥ͵ľ羹ȻıӣǿѪ
ڿУ˫չ׳ᣬŽżв˶Էʺ
̫ȭ׺ᡣ
Ǹξֳһ˿ΣٴźƮˡ
顭
䵽˵棬µɳ̲ͬըըͬŵڵһǸξȥ
̫ȭϲǡ
ÿһɳ̲ϣµɳ̲ըѣܷڣͬһ޴˫ȭͬһһȭδ䣬һȭһȭһȭϵصӣǸξɫò԰ס
֪ôܹˣҲ˲ˡ
ϲǣһǱһǿ죬һȭһȭء
˵ٶѾϳϲٶȣѾ޿ˡҳһȭһȭСξʮóȭͷ򵽵ǣԼԲǳĶ֡
˫Ŀһļ˲ͣһұ۸ǴִһȦ˲䱻飬¶ĸ첲
ʱĸ첲Ȼҫ۵ĺ죬¶ڼ첲ϵļⲻͣţͬһŻ档ǼҴۣ
ֻȭͷͬͷȵ¶ųȭͷײ˹
Ŀһ˲оԷȭͷȵ¶ȡȵ¶оصв
ǡ
ĳѾϲʹ˼£ҪͣҲͣΨнһҧ͵غͶԷȭͷײһ
䡭
ھ޴˵оȻŷǣǸξһ·ŷ˳ȥʱȭͷѾ˵ǣĵȻǱȴѾһֲĵزԷֱ۶ϣ඼ˡδ䵽棬Ѿ˹ȥ
е˶ˣ꾹Ȼ˲Ϣ֮ĸξ˸ֻʣһУһУξ
ʱʣµĸƤһ鴤ѾʵԲֹξӦѾӵУڵ
ξȻĿųꡣĿ˲䣬ȴͻȻʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֡
̫ȭͨ
ؾȻǸУǰһȭǸУ
ǸУȫû뵽ͻȻǰѾ϶Ƚʣµξ
һ˲ûгֵ׼ȻӦ㹻Ѹ٣ȴҲУ߳ųһȭ
˶ֻܹܵضԺһȭ
ңǻֳһ˿ЦݡУ۷壬¾߳ɵʵҲὫˡ
ղѾˣ֮۶Ծ޴ƽԷˣǲǳʵѾͻƵУϲۻ


351 Χ
ǸξտʼԳתʱѡ˺ˣ԰׺ʱһѡ˺ˣŸ˳ϲǵĻᡣ
ǸξڵһԳתʱ򣬾ѡӲƴĻԲǰž޴ơ˵ܹܳꡣ
ԣʵ¡Ҳξ۷塣
ֻҪڵһʱͷͻȻֹ
߳ɵУҲһûпٵξܹܵ˵ġ
ŵӭ˳ȭͷȭڿһȭӰ
顭
˵ȭͷݺݵײһֱϵ˲䱻͵ľʵ÷飬һȦȦԼٶ𵴣µɳͬһȻ
겢ûУ߳÷ͬһľ׮һȵɳ̲ϡ
ǸУȴŵصһ
ȻֻǵһȴζˣھԵˣȻֻ߳ʵ
ǰ˾ǰˣ
սûΪֻʹ߳ʵͷŹ㡣
Уǵͨ졣
ܹʧܣʵûʹοȻһȴûˡֻҪԼʹȫȫԽնɱ
ҪɱϴˢԼĳ衣
ǡ
˶ĳֹͣ˽һԶϻ¶΢Ц
ⲻѧ
겻һֱ
顭
ʱڴһ죬һը졣
һҡΣֺһۡһһѪ
ˣһھڡ
顭
һڱ졣
ۡ
Ѫʱ˳ΪʲôҪˣԭǺϱѪ
ǣУѾģ
顭
Уֱͦͦˤ˵ϣ˹ȥ
תʣµˣһУξ
¶΢Ц統ʮһԳʱ¶΢Цĸųꡣǳ긩ŶһУξ
˲䣬Ƶת
ʮһ˸ӳ꣬ЩӳӽѾа˸˳£ʱԲѵġ
ʱڳеظɵ˰˸֮˫̬Ȼ仯
겻ǱӵĲݸǱӵ˳ǿߵڸӶԷ
ԶָĴ¥Ķ㣬͵һ˿졣
뵽˳겻þֻߵһսˣû뵽˳ֻ˲ͻ
üë͸¶ϲ⣬˵СӲиŮ൱ŮһŮ
͵üëһȴû˵ʲôԼģ˵Ļͬóȥˮǲܹջˡ
˵ˡ
ǳҲֻڳǸͻûзϡѾ֪˻ص꣬Ҫܲܳľ硣
ôóģ
ľô״ﵽôֻͿ
̲ϡ
һУξվһʱǷ˽ξ֪ƾǲսʤģֻкǸУ֡
ǸУɫ·ûпղųǿһ͸˫Ŀƽ˳
̤̤̤
Ǹ˳ξ˻վξߡ
Լһ˸ղսʤĳ꣬һֱվǴʱѾԼһ˴ֻʣˣͲܹվһԹˡ
ҪԼһֱԱ߿Լһ˶򵹣ǻᱻԼǸȦ˳ЦСų
һˣԸҲᱳ
һδӰôһˣ
ԣԸҲҪվ
͸¶һ˿ͣ񱩵Ȼٴţĸ߳ȵӦÿһˣ
λߵһ죬ûзꡣʵʸ˵仰
ǣǵﻹǼȵزʲôʱ˿ô˵ˣ
һϰɣ
仰ǷǳϤΪ仰Ǿ˵ͨǸ߸ϵű˵仰ȻͰѶԷϡﻩ
ǡ
ȴΪ仰ĳţһǸܵ˵ЩԼµȺĿɬ顣
ǵͻȻֳһƵͷ
ѵԼҲֻһЩȽϺһ

Ҳ
ǹϵնһͷͷԼӽԺǽ޴
֡
ξһξӱγ˱֪ԼֿȭԲǳĶ֡
ľһֱŶĸˣԷ˰γ˳ֱͷųĹâ⻹Ϊ䶼¶˸첲ö߿Ľ֡ĿںЬ˫Ⱥ˫ҲͷŽĹâ
ĳѾּ⼫ɽҲֻ֧ͷɣܹԼһˡ
˫۵ı仯ĸ˵Ƥһû˻뵽ݸĳ꾹Ȼӵط
ܹٵˣ
ó֮ǰȶ֣֪ûл֮
顭
ӰɣĹâ͸˿ռ䣬˺ѵĿХᡣ
ɳݺᡣ
һξеĽͻȻѿֻ˲䣬·綼ǽĽų֣һ硣
½Խ
Ľ֮Уһ㽣ͬһǹ貵𣬴ǰųʺһξеĳ
Ʋ񷣡
Ҫǰѽ̵ϣܹоһ¾ߺĸְҲᱻᴩ
ҲͻȻһ㽣âһ㽣âʮͻȻ·Խ˿ռ䣬ͻȻͳڳҲ߲࣬б˹
У


352 ʽ
дŵɣڻС
½ԽŽеĿ֮壬ʽչͬ罵٣޴ڡ
ƲŽе֮壬һȥ޻ء
дŽеĻ֮壬޾Уоޣʵʵ˷ʤ
Ѿ˵ǿʵ˵˾һж˽ʽ֯һ𣬱貵Ĺ⻪
ԶָĴ¥Ķ㣬͵һ˿⣬׷ԼŮˣȻһ˿塣
Ȼֻһ˿Ҳܿɹ
½Խڿ𵴳ˡ֮ʽͬǧٲ˵˫ۡʱվһԵǿХŵ彩ӲʮȫӲסһΪǸͿǧٽһһ
ǸξҲųܹ͸Ľʽ
ǡ
ȴ֪ÿһĹ켣Ϊž磬ûһܹõƿء
һһϽʹ¾ǳžҲϽٶȣǶԷֻһξ
ȻǸξĽʽͬιҶͷףڳľȴûһ˿һܡ
½Խﵽȫչ˲䣬ζˡ
ҽźݺݵǰһ̤
һ̤ŵ±Ǳֻ˲ڳĽ¾ըµɳӺȻܼ˳ȥٶһſϸСӵΧ˼ȥ
һɳӣ˵ξǸξҲᵱ£ǵƬɳӼʱ򣬾Ͳô¶ˡ
ʱĳվ룬µɳͬһһ㼱һɳĻ棬ϵɳγͬһɳӺͿ֮ľĦ޴죬ͬһԶžڷĺС

ȵȻԿ½ԽһⲻϵײɳĻȴɳĻ
顭
ɳĻͻȻѿһȱڣһֻͷŽִ˳һץסǸξĽ콣ӰȻɢ
һֻžסԷʹԷһٵ˲˳ȥǸξع԰ȥһ飬ε˳ȥصˤɳ̲ʧȥʶ
顭
ɳĻһƿƲͷ貵ǹ˳ʺýʽδĺ͸оһ˿ʹ
κһɹȭݺݵض貵ĽⱩ˹ȥ

һײľ촫˳δɳĻе˳ȥһѪǸξҲ˳ȥһȭǱѾԽУļ𣬾ԷĽʽ˳Ͼʵͳ̫ԶλڿбѾ˹ȥ
˻
һڿлȻڿмٵضһлǻ߲߲һ˿ڡ
顭
˵ϣԭһǰȻһǸξС
˫ͷŽĹâǰͬռ䡣
̫ȭƱա

һײһȻʧ
ǣʱѾΧֻʣ˶ԷһξڳľζΣ
λζ弶չͬһ޼ѰƮƣֻ˲ͳǸξǰһֻͷŽȭͷݺݵػǰأеĳ˳ȥǸξɴػ˹ȥ
Զ
ָĴ¥Ķ㣬Ͷϵ˵ȥɣǼСˡ
ϵ˵ͷߵһߣ˵绰ԸȥָܿӴ¥˼ź̲ʻȥ
վں̲ϣϴҵʹĹ޵ѣΡĸ໹ΪһǽƲϣ߲һĽۣڲͣѪڵԪΪĹѾ͸֧״̬һѣΣϱò԰ס
Ѹٵ͸УһƬ֮Ļֱӽ뵽ɽҺ˳¡
䡭
һͣɳ̲ϣӳ˼ˣؼǼ˵ߣȻֱǵﵹȥһԹܵҩȻ̧˳ϣú¡¡ȥ
ָĴ¥㣬̾һǸǿǸ͵ʱҲ
Ҳͬص˵ͷԶӰжһݳ˼
ϧϵ¶źԪѾӦ͸֧ˣǶԷһУ
о΢Ц˵
͵һ˿âҵǾǸСӻþ
΢΢һüͷþҪˡ
ô򵥡еźڷŴ󣺡ġ
žžž
̲ϴһǸУųơ
꣬Ҳòϣȷʵ׷ʸڵĳɾͺ䣬ֻҪɳʱͿռ䣬һеĴһ𾪡ΪĴڣȴкܴϣΪһ˧ߡⷽǻ䲻㡣
국ҡҡͷˡమײ˵ļԵʵûһ˿һĹϵЩǾͲǰ飬ǽס
Уʼ磬ν˵ǾͲˣ֪Ϊʲôһֱûг𣿡
¶ЦݣΪһߣҪһƽľʽԸΧķʽռҵıˡ
УٴͦͦӢչ¶š
̲ۡסЦ׳հ֮ûжֻ֣ҪЩɵҵԪȻռ˵£ػҡ


353 
һЩ˺򲻹һˣһ˾ܹҡ˵ǼǿȻͻԶΪǸνδӰȦϴ˵Ķ԰ɣ
㡭У˲ǵͨ졣
ʱڵڲ֮Ѿȫָ߲˿ѾֹѪʼϣ֮˵ԺôãΪ˸Լʱ䡣
ʱڲ֮ڲͣ𵴣һ˿˿ֽҩڷɿػָԪŶУ¶һ˿ˣ˵ǵղźһ֣ҲӮҡ
Уͬ¶һ˿ؽѵúܳףļ¶˳
ҳǿЩŹ֡ȴ˫֡
˵УĿӳ˳ĸ첲ȥһֱļ΢΢ҡҡͷ¶һ˿źǺܿϧĽֻ˼ܹȫȽĵطкһʵ
Ļ䣬ͿУϵļ⿪ʼ䶯ͬڼǧڴܶ
ֱҲһ˲ʱ䣬䶯ļֱƽҿʼͷųɫĹ
仯ʮֵؿ١
һǳǳĽɫѸٱŨصĽɫ
˫֣˫ۣͷ˽ɫŴʱһ£ھ֮µҲһƬơ
ͬһ׾ˡ
ʱУͬһ׽ʥ£֮ҫнɫĹâ

Уֻȭͷǰײһײ
µɳ̲һУ˫Žɳ̲֮С
ĿһУ˱仯ͬ仯ĻӦ
΢΢˫ۣ£У巴ҫĿĹâڻųÿһ˶Ϊվľһɻƽ͵Ľˡ
ǣһ¡¡ĽŲͬԶŵľħˡ
΢е۷˸âӦڽֺһĹɣ
ԣ
ֺֻһַֹӦżǿĹ
Ǻǡ𾪰ɣУʱ˵һֽϣֹ׹
˵УĿڳ´һ飺ܹ˫ɱ鲼ȫҲӦźͽ׹ƵЧȼȴǲ˺ܶࡣҲ˵ʹ㽫˫ȫҲҽ׹Ķ֡
Ŀأʮ˽Լ˫ֵǸУȴ¶˻ƽһ㣬󱬷
ȫռƵУ͸¶ŵЦݣ׹зĹЧһźǿĹ
Ȼһ֡
Ҫл㣡У¶һֹؽӲЦݣҰЩˣʡһֽš
֪˵ЩһĸδӰˣʾ˵һģ
УſЦͬײǿиɣ
ԣȻ˵
꣬У㻹ûпٵɣ
Σ
ΣУһøӵĿų˵ҵʵǿҵĹֱǿѾ͸֧ԪûӮĿܡ
һԵǿХĵ˳꣬˵жͬУ˵Ϊ޻ᡣ
ԡ
УȻ˵°ɣҵĽ£ҵ׷ߣһһ
˵ô࣬ǿ˳սųĳɳΪҪİ֣δӰ˵λøӵع̡
ǿХɫһ䣬ǴʱѾǳУ뷨ͶԻһʧȥɣֻܹУĴ֡
ѡս
ѡ
ͣ϶Ȥų꣬ҲҪ֪
ôѡ񣿡Ż͡
͵ԼӻԳжϣСͶˣͲǳˣ
ţͷҲȭ·ԸӦûѡһսǲ֪᲻ʹ
ģ΢΢ҡͷѾߵһҪȫߵӮеʤ
ǺǡǾǿ͸ͣԽԽˣҵҵŮһˡ
ûдĺһ仰ǰһ仰ûоǿԸǲдɾ͵ġҲ𣿡
̲ϡ
ûлشУĻǻ˼ӣжֳԼս⡣
УĿͷų޾ɱ⡣ɳ̲һ壬һصȻͬһܽɫըԾ˿УȻų긩˹صóһֺĸо
һٶȳ½Խ˽Ʋ񷡣
ٶȺؽϵһ
һ˲䣬оӰһŨصɱԼ
Уɲһѧ͵ߣһս͵ߣʽ֮дŨصѪ֤Ϲս֪ɱ˶˵ɱˡ
ӵƷĳܾ꣬öû˸˴ѹǵٽľ˶ûиôѹ
ɼ幦İԵ
겻ˣҲܹˣ
ֻ֪ҪԼһˣͻУռһ˿ƣȻͻΰסһ˿ƣһ˿Ʋϵռ֮£Լնɱ
ԣһ˿Ʋܹã
ͬϿһ̵һ֮ĹУľǿʼһ˲ơ
ڵԪѾָ۷壬ڴڣͷųҩڵԪ


354 ɫȭͷ

Ԫھмٵת˫ȭ粿ͬһŹ£ȻȭͷͷŽĹâƿյХſиУȭͷӲ˹ȥ

ȭײԶԶ˳ȥͬӴ߷׷״߳˷䣬ź̲˹
겻ˣǾ޴겻òˣȭͷϵĽЩɢ⻹ʹǱ
ŵŵš
βסغˣÿһµɳ̲ըѡ
顭
У˫ڵߣͬһɫĹâų꼤ȥ
ͣ
Ǵ˿У˵ĸо
һ֪̾Լ޷ʩչ˽׹Уȡ
ĽŲһλζУֳ˲Ӱ
弶չֻΪչƵ
ͬһƬƣϺɢͬҽǣ޼Ѱ

˫絶ƣ˫ƲͣػУϣײġ
УȻʵúܿ죬ڴ֧ԲʮӵУߵľ磬ԾͲǴԴбܹõġ
ûн򵽰弶ֻ΢ڳƻõĹкܿʹơ
ǣҲֻʽϵģǱϵġ
һ㣬УҲʮ
ԭУĽ׹ʽռƣ˫絶ͣػУϣǽ׹ķȴóÿν޹
ƲԷķ
У˳ʼ˻ֽ֮վ˽Ÿ֪Լƣνһʮᡣ

Уס˳һȣų
У׹ǽŷ־˷ϡһһнֵ
רһصĽ׹ûԣο귢һ˿Ҳסһ˿ԼĽֹУϣȴҲɲܹƿԷĽ׹
ʱ˫Щ飬ʵĲ޴ֵĸо
ǳڵĲ֮ҩЧɴڣһֵĽͺľ˳ڵԪоսУһˣȸղܹȻҪۡ
ǲ֮ɴڣÿκͶԷײĶԳڵ𵴻⣬´ʱĸѾˡ
顭
׼һ˿ᣬһ˶ԷļϡǱǸУȴֻǻһ£ȻŴЦúã
ʱУͻȻɷת˽ôãڵһᣬһԪĵĻᡣ
ʵϵǳʱԪĿʼˣָ֮ٵսУҩЧĵĺܿ졣
ԷУߣڵĲ֮ҩЧʧ˲䣬͸о˳ʼ
Ŀâһ֪ԼĻˡʲô似ҪԪ֧ţ³˰弶ûԪ֧ţҲʩչ
顭
УѾõһȭռըѿ·γһĺڶһȭȭУ似ľ˲㽫档
޿ɶ㣡
޿ɱܣ
ŭĿԲ˷γһȭȫеȭͷϵĽɫͷų貵Ĺâ

УϵĽɫâͬһȭͷֱ𵴣Ľɫ㵭һ
ȴȫȭϵĽȻɢȥ¶˼ԭбɫһѪаԼѾǱе˼£Ȼ޷ֵ
λڰУ͸һƾקһƬ֮Ļֱӽ뵽˲仯ɽҺ˳¡
Уг͸ЦѾˣųԼһȭѾʧȥսֻҪԼٳȥһȭܹս
顭
صУ˫ڵߣͬһ޺֮س˳ꡣ
ؿУеĹ켣ǿǿոմӿҪܼܡҾܹܹȥһǳǱȫʧȥֻֿܹԷһȭһȭرƽǣԼͷ­
֮Ѹٵ޸ųƣṩԪڳصһɲǣֱһͷųĹâ

ȭͷһζײһУֱϵĽɫһα䵭ϵĽһκȻɢҲٴκ˳ȥһɾ޴˳ֱۣɱԪƻ塣
ˡ
һ𵴣֮˳ųұֻ˲ͽԼڵǹ𵴳⣬ȻѸٵ޸ų塣




ȭͷײ˰˴Σ˴αԷɣÿһغУȭ
ʱУҲʮִϵĽɫʼ䵭Źֵؿų꣬ǲ֪ΪʲôͬһСǿһ㣬Ǻֻ񹦡
ڶƬ֮ҩЧļζԺĵøɸɾַʳ˵Ƭ֮
֪Լܹټʳ֮ˣָǿȵսУ֮ҲʮֵǿңҲֻܹԷĹ
ǣҲһ㣬Ǿּ߸ǿȵ˺塣ֻⲻ֮ǿȵֻУ֮ҩǿԼʱ޸塣
ǣڳڶײӣͲǲ֮޸ٶܹϵˡ
ȥͻǧٿףѣⳡսӮҲʧȥĿܡ
ԣƬ֮ǳĻᡣ
УӰһ˹һɫȭͷҲڳмٷŴ



355 鷳
˫һ˫ȭײһε˳ȥֻɳȥľһЩ
УڵԪѾĵɣϵĽɫѾʼ䵭
ǳȴûһ˿ľϲ֪ƾŶԷ߳ԪҲԻԼ
Ȼ䣬üëһڵԷԼڵԪɱ𵴳ȥһ֡
ԼԼͲַ֮ںϣȻǿ𵴶ԷڣǻһʲôЧ
ȻĿǰԼֻܹͲ֮ںʮ֮һǣס֮û⡣
ŶУ¡¡Լ꽫һҧ
ʤڴһ١
꿪˲һͲ֮Ѹںϣʮ֮һں϶ȣǣȫԪұȥ
¶ұۣǽĹͻȻͬһȦȦȭͷѸٵػۣͷų貵Ĺâ
γûѡѡ
һһʧ
У˫ĿһղҲֹ˺ԼһУֹ֪ھ
ԭҲûʲôûзϡ
ǣԳʹһͨʱظоղŻУһŸĲͬ
оԼ·һֻ޶סˣĺëһβ˳ż׵ٵӹ
һּȵΣͷ
ԼҪҪܡ
Уһ˿ԥ˲նһ˿ԥֹĹԼ㣬Ҳ޴ɶ㡣
ֻꡣУҲʮǳǿһֻҪһʤƽͻԼб
顭
УĽŲûͣһ١ʱ򡭡
һһ֡
ѾǰһֻŽâȭͷ˹
ͬһгżĿĦܵĿγ˷ڵ

Уһɫȭͷͬ˿Х
Узɱ⣬ȫԪȭۣԭѾЩ䵭ĽɫһαŨ
ŲܳһȭʲôŵֹԼƴȫһȭ
Ԫڽ׹תУȭٵػۣȭͷ˼ȦʱȭͷͬһɫС˸ͬһ׾ˡ
һȭͬԼе似Ǳͨӽּӵһֱ۶˽𵴵
УҲʮĸо·ԼһѿΧ洫һ־㤵ĸо
һ˿죬漴һƬᶨᶨų˹ȥ
䡭
ֻȭͷһ͵ľµɳ̲֮䱬ըһӳ֮䡣
ֱϵĽȻɢȥ¶ԭеļûеĺվ˽ŲֻֻȭѾƤ
УȭϵĽɫȻ

Ƿڣ
ԭȭͷȻͬ˺ˣǳԷڵһͬһˣֻУȭͷʼֱ۱ӿȥ
ˡ
УֱѾʧȥ˿ƣǺһȭͷֱϵĽɫ¶ԭļɫ
ĵУĺˣһںͳȭ֮ˣѾԼ塣
顭
Уڴһ죬ʱУͬһӣڽڱ죬ͬһӴ죬̲һƬ
µУڱƵȻֻĳУϵĽɫѸָٰԭɫ
ӲıݶǴڲơ
УӿѪ岻ûסʧصźȥ
顭
ٴδһ죬ͨĵڶͷ˳
ۡ
УһѪʧȥ˽׵ΪͣǱİڸ۾ͷžŷֵĲźһֵĿ־壬ҲƲסԼΡ
ۡ
صˤɳ̲ϡ

곤³һһƣϮ漴֮ҩЧʼרһ޸壬԰׵׽ػָ˺Ρ
Уشɳ̲Ѿûվڸܵص˺
ǺǡУЦĿٴӿѪ꣬ǿ벻һˣǺǡ
ų겻Ŀ⣬Уһ˿Щ˲ǸȦΧЩȦΧΪ㣬ζûǰǣǺܿͻȻңǵǰʲôǡǺǡ
üëһȻѹȴҲû̫š
ȦΧȦΧ
꽫ĿǿХ˾㲻ȦΧӦ˽ǸȦӰɣ
ȻĿ˹ǿϾ¶һ˿ɬô᲻֪ǸȦӣ
꣬ǸȦӺǿǿѵһĭǸȦŽҪģƽǶڷֻۻᣬȻҲֳɼС壬ǲǸСҪһġǾʮ£ʵڴУϡ
˻
굹һȦΧʵһǿ
ĿǰȦӷֳ壬еһĴ绪Ϊףʵ˵ʵٽ۷壬ǸȦֻһٽµĶǴУڵУ۷岻ȡ
һҵĴүΪףٽڵʵǸڵҲǴУڵУ۷岻ȡ
һҵĴүΪֽƽʵҲٽڡҲһЩӴУڵУ۷ߡ
룬߶½ǰսڻǸߵȻϣܹͨȢϻŷ
ҲϣѻȢȥһļͻȻо޴ĺôһҲ뿴


356 սⰺ
ĿʼءԵڶǰսԼʹþˡԼƾߵݸͲһУĶ֡
ǺǡǸɳ̲ϵУЦֹЩ˰
ȻڲϵѪϵЦȴǳزãǰȻȴγһˡ׷߶һȥĿǾҪ׷ͱ㡣̫ս
ûôİɣ¶˻ɡ
ǺǡУЦ˵㲻˽Ȧӣǿ
꽫ĿǿǿЦŵͷģȦҲǵĽһûлǰ£ȥ׷ᱻȦ˱Ӻս
˵ǿɬЦԺУûΧתķˣҪæˡ
һû˵ꡭУӹǿĻ˵꣬Ҫ֪ڵֻλߣһλǻĻͣһλĿԣ׷˿ɲǻӴԣԵĲǻ꿡ܣ꿡ܡǺǡҵҪֶܹá
ٴνĿǿǿͷֲŵХХҲڵͷ
ɵˣ
ܹ뼸
һ뵽ȫ꿡ܶӿִʹ
ῴԼҲԲäĿԴȫ֣껹ûаա
˵ˡ
˾ԼҪҪˣ
Ҫ֪Ͽʮ꿡ܣÿ춼ôʮ귢սҲðѳ
ô˰ɣУеѪ״Ц
ƤʱлЩ
ܹˣ
ˣʧȥľͲǻ֮ġ
ʧȥ֮ģʵ
ȻܹˣǾӭսˣ
в߰ս⣬ȻüëһԼڵı仯
ʱڳڣǲ֮ҩЧûнҲڳҺУⷬ˵ͬʱҲڵıϲɶرǵ߰սⱬ֮ʱȻڵǿžеıϳȥ
ϯض졣ͬʱԼǣŲ֮žеıϳȥ
ڵԪתͬһת죬Ȼžеıϳ
ǿХǸУɫһ㶣漴˶Ӧ˹ǸУĿⶼ͸¶һ˿̾
޾ѹûаѳѹ壬߰Ķ־߰սǣ£꾹ȻҪͻˣ
ǿХһ˸վ˳ΪǸУĿ˳һۣȻԱһֱȴľ֡
ܵУĸǰ̧Ȼ̧˳ϣ¡¡ȥ
Զ
ָĴ¥㡣
һش㵣Ҫͻƣ
ͺͿԶɳ̲ϵĳ꣬ص˵ͷ¶õЦݣ֣˵ǲͬŮ޸꣬ǾͲҪΪҵŮȡ˷ඣ
ͿһۿҲ¶ЦݵֻҪŮܹó갮û
ʱں̲ϡ
˫ȴ̶ڵأǿХһںվսԱũܵľˡ
ܶȵ˶ۿ˳ı뺷Ҳ˳ǸУ֮Ľ̸̲һͳؽ̸ûöãе˶˽ʵࡣ
еĿⶼ˾⡣
ǾӪǰߣǴȦӡֻھ˵ҫ
˵ҫʲô
ǾӣŵʲôĵˣҪʼձŸ߰Ķ־
ܽؼžÿһ˫۾ڹעųꡣÿ˶Ҫۿѹܹ֮ͻƵʲô̶ȡ
Ϧ죬̫뺣ס
۾ʱڵƾһȫͨﵽͨڵ۷塣
ʱĳоԼȫȻֻǴͨȴоԼһֹ
΢΢Ѱ˼һ£бȻ
ȻֻǴͨȴԪĴ죬ͨһͬһ޴鲼ڸóڵԪӵѸͣӵ鶯
һȻһȱݵĴܹġĳһָоԼǸУĻȫ׵ػܶԷ
⻹ûпٵ£˵أ

³һɳ̲վԵǿХֿ˵лл
лǿһ˵ʲô磿
չһЦͲٵˣ
ǿɫأ̫˰
국ȻһЦϵս˲䲪˳˵չƶӡ
һ̡
˵жһָоǾǳڱøߴһɽӣХƵƳ˵ǰûʲôøһĻᣬɵӽ֣ڴġ
һ˿âǼȻսҪҽԺϰ׼

ϥ˴ϣǿХѾ뿪ˡʱĳڻڵԪϤŸոյõ
û̿ٵڹͨڵʵֻнͨڵĻˣܹٳĵ
ĵᳬߣΪߴֻͨʮǴͨһ
Լ˵֮󣬾ǴУߣԼƾߵҲһսʵ


357 
һ߻תڵԪһ˼֮ǰĺλУ֮ս
ڴͨľһתһԭҪһЩʶؼ£ϵ͹ֱĥòҲߡȴڳʶطŻ£ٶȾ͸ӵػˡ
ҪصתιԼľ硣ѾȥЩսˡջصʱ½Ͽһ¡
֪һһ
źܶţʮµΪУкܶ࣬ҲһЩﵽ˺ͻһٽ۷塣
һ֣ϵعر˵ԡҪֻԼʵΪһٽ۷壬ֻóʹƷż治ٽ۷Ķ֡ʹ˳Ʒľű¶Լܵ
ЩʵɲǶʱܹ˵ġڶʱҲֻܹٵΪһУڡǣһУȥһٽ۷壬ֻķݶ
ʱʵȼεط㽫似֮ϡ
ֵ似̫ȭںʮһսĹҲֱʹ˫ͨ
Ժһ߻սÿһϸڣһ߶Լ̫塣
ʱںսսʱ˲űսϸϸػζսÿһϸڣо˲ͬ
ԼĽϬҲǿϸϸζ֮󣬳оԼ似֮ƺȱһʲô
ȱٵֶĸо似е꣬Ҫ׽ȴ޼Ѱ
ȱʲô
Ŭ˼ԺһһػطŴ򶷵ĳ档ľˣסÿһϸڡ
һϸᵽһ֮󣬳һ˿
似ȱһֻҲ˵һֵ̡
ͬ󺣣´ڷƽ˾ʱֳĻ͵Ҳη塣
ǻ꣡
꣡
ôԼ似֮ʲô
ЩĽƽҵĹؼʣµľ⡣
̫
Ϥ۴ӳ˳
ƣ̫ǣԡ
ǲ˵̫̲һ硭
һĻ͵ǻһʲôӣ
껺չȻӴվڵм俪ʼһһش̫
񡭡
̡
δﵽ

ϼáһ
Ļ޼᲻ݣÿһÿһʽź춯صơǲ˵Խص
˿̵ĳ·ͱڵԼǰһֽ߽һ硣ĸٻͷ֮ǰսóоһִ˿Сܵĸо
̫ȭһһʽڳش
̫İڳʡ
Ԫһתš
سƵʿʼ˱仯һٶȻ̫ȭʱʱ졣
ʱ·һ磬ʱֳ˿顣
أڵԪз˱仯ԭھͬһߵԪԵı仯еԪ״һͬŵ̫ͼһһתھš
ľظоб仯ֱ仯ĿǰȴֻڵһвֶͣȴûпþȥЩеԪȻطű仯
׺ᣬ§ϥֲƲۼʽ
һһ̫ȭڵľѾʮԪı̬ͬһ̫ͼתš
أԪųۣųĶ۳һ㵭ԪΧųγһ̫ͼ
̫ʱѾʶ̫һʶ״̬·ıһ㡣
ĵһ͸ʱ򣬳ӳ˳
ͣؿԼվһ޴Ԫɵ̫ͼС
̫ͼɢȥָֻԭеģӸȡãϣǻ񡭡
۾оԼ̫ɼһ㡣·𿴵һµ磬һ̫硣
Լ򣬻ͲðԼŪôҾͿ԰ǸУſ¡
򵥵ϴһ£Ȼ¥緹ڳ緹ʱ˾һȥ̫
ںֻ̫ӦŸɣ
˺̲һ·һߺһЩš
꣬Ҳȥ
ţôЩӶʲôջ񣿡
ٺ١ջС
Դӳ귢˺֮󣬼еÿ˶Ž뺣һԾͳͷȻڳ㱻Щھ˳
˵ǷҺˣ˵Ǹˣ˵ǸҩˣۿӲػܣжԳһ˿ĵء
Щ˵вʵˣмλٽߡĿҲ͸¶һ˿ء
ΪֻΪǱ
һʮξż츳ξδ
ѵֻʣһãȻŴȥëȫſɵغ
ߵҪϴںĵطԶѹ˷
ɣ
оѹѾҪﵽܹܵļޣ˼ƿʼ̫ȭ
̫ȭոտʼ͸о˲ͬ
ˮ޴ڣеѹȵڳļϣóܹӵظо̫ȭйеԪкͶĻͷĹ켣ܹǧİ塣
ֹĺ˶һȫɺˮɵ̫ͼΧųɣξ֮ƶ


358 
絮ûں̫ҲƬû࣬Ҳʹ࣬Ҳδػ뵽ں̫ʹ뵽ںҲδػ̫
ں׺̫ܿУʶһ̫
أֹĺͨԳΪγһԲһ׵̫ͼ̫ͼų겻ϵ̫ͼڻš
һססססס
ˡ
꿪ʼڶ̫ȭʱ˺ܶ࣬ڿ̫壬Ǹɺˮγɵ̫ͼŵøӵѸ٣ԭžĺ翪ʼֲԶչ
ֲɱںһЩ߸оҲЩ߸о˿к
ЩǾֹġϾʵξ֮Ͳ幦Ҫ̬Լʹ⺣Ҳͬһʯͷһ㣬ЩĹע
ǣһóǺԵǣ׵ＸǿģԽԽǿ
ȷֲĺһ㣬൱ڴУڵʵоֲ֮ѸٵֲȥǳطŭΪأжأһƵĲ
벨ԽԽܵظоһΣգٶȷˣҲпʱ۾ǳԻͷųһ־ȵɫ
һİģûмֻﲻͣءΡͷֲû
ǣΪһǲκζŵģοֻǸоһ˿вûµĵزԣβһ˦ξͬһ㣬ƿˮų˹ȥ
ںͷųȥ̫ȭʵͬľһ㣬Ȼûоôǿ󣬵ǵһ̫ͼķΧڳѾоˣֻǱܵĸоˣȴɳ̫֮С
ǣݱʵҪʶΪøΪ£˹˲䣬һ˳˳ȥ
Ȿܵһʽǳȫ̫еһǺһһѹ޴ڵĺʩչһȻ˻ĺХ
ȫû뵽һСһ壬Ȼ
漴ĻȥоԼ޴вҲܵؽࡣ
䡭
׷·һХ֮һˮͬȪۺһ˳ȥ
ͷƫ˹ȥΪ˳תͷβһβͳų˹ʽ̫ȭۼ
Ȼбײ帹
βڱۼ˲䣬ͬƤһʹζûۼͬʱоһɾ޴˹
һָоǾУԼһƳ
˱㼤ԣ弫Ϊһתſ˾ݰĴڣųҧ˹ȥ
תڶ㿪ͬʱսţڲ֣֣ȭ鲽򡣽ʽ̫ȭ״
ڳ׵ĺˮγһˮԴ
ʱЩҲ˹ǵʵȻǳܹ֮ŵؿ
һ˫˫۾һ˿־𾪡
־ﾹȻ㣬𾪵ǳ꾹Ȼܹһɱ¡

ǲ£ռϷ硣
ǣ겻Ѿ˵ΪУ߰
¾ٵĵΪУߣҲǿ̶Ȱɣ
ǿһ㰡
ʱǱСĶԼأԼȻ򲻹СĶ
㱩ŭˣȻ䱬˵еų˹ȥξǲܲ˵Ҫҧ˺ѡ
ܶŵֵĶʲô
ʱӲͬķоĲ˹
㻹ڵڲȡ
䡭
ȭͷݺݵشϣ΢΢һȭͷ֮ˮ򷢳ܶȵͷȻر顣
ܹһеߴʱıֶΪһͣ㶼Ŀɿڴ
ꡭ̫ˡ
ʵ
൱ڴУڵʵ
ôܣ
ѵں׳ܵѹ̫󣿳˻þ
˶ʶ۾
ѪںˮƮɢ˳ȥɳ̫İ֮С
ȻӿٶȣᵽѪζһǿѪζ
ǵǿģ

һ㿴˳꣬ȻҲһ򱬵㣬Ǻɵų˹ȥ
ӵ鶯̫еøӵ
ÿһУÿһʽ͸¶һֻһֵ̡
ʱʹƲ㲻ɵ㣬ȻԳСģˮʮֵβһŤ˳һתͷٴҧĲӡ
Ʋת֣Ĵڣͬʱսȭʮֵ鶯ȭΪ٣Ͳȭĸ̫ȭȭơ
顭
һƴĸͬʱҲ˹ĿãԼٵ״
Ʈ㣬ʱȻˣѾʶʼܹ
оһԼġ
Լʲôʱвþܹɱˣ
üëһȻĿĹˣĸԼٳ˹
㻹


359 
΢΢üͷһûаգҴʱ֪Χкܶڿţܹó͸ӵؼ
УܹǺΧҪȶ֡
һݣžԼһ˹ȥ˫ľڷɿؽӽͻȻһһʧһ㶡
һһ֣ͨһȭѾԴϡ
γѵ״̬£һȭһȥסˣȫû뵽ʵ̶ȡ
顭
ʵֻһȭѾԴһѪ
顭
顭
찵ֱӾ͸ˡ
ת㣬ɫЩԾԾԡҪǵˣҪһսԡ
Ѫڷڣ꾲վںףȴڷٶ㡣
Χۿ϶¶֮ɫԭѾǳˣ꾹Ȼֿܹȭشһ㣬ǿ൱ڴУڵߣѵξ۷ˮƽܹԾУУУôĿȣֱһȭһУ
ȻڵǲܹУᲢ۵ġϾ似ġǣܹһҲ㹻𾪵ˡ
ǡ
Ǹڸʲô
Ҫһս
ȻôԵ鶼⡭
ҲҰβ¶ߴࣿ
ܿ죬𾪺ڴУǿһһս
һΧսһ࣬顱ҲƵ䡣
㾹ȻЩ⣬ͬʱҲó궸Ȼѹûеʱս
Ҳûռ˿ıˣ겻ͣɳȥҲԣôҲߡΧų꼱ٵʱسмĳꡣ
ܿƺҵĬѹȻսⶸȻ˫趯̫ļʣ˫ֵĻӶһɺˮɵ̫ͼΧγɣһֻܹײһ̫ͼϣ塣
һ̫ͼԽԽ࣬γһȦӰѳΧм䣬סĵ̫ͼӽȥǸȦҲԽԽ
Ȼ䣬˫һչ
䡭
һ̫ͼȻ˳ȥһײ˹ȥı졣
䡭
ԳΪΧһȦĺˮ˲Х˲䱻ʬ
׽ؼžļžû˿
ڻζŸղŵսΧҲ𾪵ػζŸղŵս׵ҲŵԶԶߣΪļž֮
ӵʱ䣬۾˫һɣȥ
ʱ
Ӻһߣһڳ󡭡
˺档
ม˷ܵش󺰡
ʮͷӺˮð˳
꣬
꣬һдһ£
ãʹشӦ
ܿ죬ʮ˾˺̲ϣʮа˸Уڣ˸Уڶҵͳս͸Ҫ˵ЩУһµˡ
˸Уопغ·˹ѾǴУڵʯȴû
ػŸּϣǱߵ·˹Ѿͳ겻꣬е۸ˡ
û¶ҡͷҲ۸ɡ
£·˹һ۵ҵ˼ǵе۸ҡ
ң۸㣿ŵ۾ֻһξǴУ
㣡·˹ƲΪǸղûпղں׵磿ΪǲЩƷף㻹ϻ˵ˡҲԼӣ𣿡
ıӲˣʲôʲô
ȫҶ
εһֵ̯ðɣ㶨ܿ԰ɣ
Ͷ𣡡·˹ųĴָǵĶӳ
Цҡͷٷϻ
ǣӳ·˹ɫǰ˸Уһдһ¡
ɫһ㶣̶죬˫һģɣ
˸໥һۣɫءղǶǰ˸ΧŹһִӦ̫ʹ죬ǰ˸Уϵѹ
˸УΧŹһξӮˣûʲô
ˡ
䲻𰡡
԰˸УԼʵ۷״̬Χм䣬ƶţѰųֵʱ
ʱ̫ʽûǾվŰ˸м䣬·ǰ˸ΧųתȦȴûһ˳֣ΪǾȻȻֻվȴ·ΧĻΪһ塣
˸ٴ໥һۣȻ׷׵ͷܹתȥˣתȥʧȥ˶ֵ
˸УһξŪֶûгʧȥ̫ˡ
ûӲϣ
԰˸ȡһһмĳꡣ
顭
ɳ̲ɳγɳĻΧ۵߶Ÿ˵սֻǡ顱ϵײ֪սǳؼҡ
˺ܾãСʱʧˣɳ価ۿ߷־Ÿ˴ʱɳ̲ϣŸ˾Ȼû˿ƴһƽ֡
ǺǡЦ
Ǻǡǰ˸УҲЦ
Ÿ໥ţڷЦ
ʱһճ˹һУȵսԱǰָӴ¥518ϯ顣


360 ޵
ˣ
ǳиͷɳ̲Ÿ˺ｫϵɳϴȻ·ָĴ¥ȥ
ǸǰľѾ뿪ˡ
һȺ˺ƺƵָĴ¥ĴǰһҰԶѰȥ۾һǿظشһڡ
һüϵļʻλһλ𷢱۵Ůӣɫͷһβһɫһţп㽫һ˫ֱ޳Ĵȱ
ҲŮ·˹۾ŹشϴţݺŮδ˼ۡ
O
ǸŮŴӳܹչ˫һ˹ȥ굱ȻǸ֮ɫһ䡣ؽͣҲһڣ·˹۾ﻹܹ˿⣿
Ǹ˲ǱˣǵϽе֮һ񿭶
һȺսԱĿбӵضŴţ·ǵ߾ûһŮһ㡣
ϻ˭ٿǿǿŮѿǻˣһ㣬޶ûеطȥ
꣡
Ŀбӵ߹Ůʱȴɫһ㶣ס˽ŲͷȻ˿ȴе֣ʾȥ
еսԱʱͣס˽ŲŹֵųꡣҿһۣȻɬһڿˮŴߵ˿ǰžһһ񣺡ٺã
΢Цͷ꣬Ҹһ£ҵŮ硣ǶˣԺԶϵ
һΣȫ֪ӦԴʱĳ档ΧЩսԱҲһų꣬۵Ĳš
ǰЩӸոسͶ񻪹͵Ů̸˵飬˼񿭶ҲаŮƸ뷨
⡭̫˷ˣ
һֱڴų꣬˵ԸܸԾ
٣Ǳ֪ͨᣡЩܲΣЩ㲻ŪһΪʲôûôΪԼ˼˰ڿĿĺܻɣܵؾԶ֮
Ҳ֪Ҫᣬ֪ݡ΢΢˼һ˵꣬Ҫ˳սӣҿ԰æŮûʱͶ硣
٣Ѿսˣ
껰е˼ףεصͷȥɣףˡ
һͷˮ뿪ˣص˶鵱СѵõǴҶûж壬ÿ˵ɫʮֳءղſĻǶˣܹ˵ףˡĸ֣֤λ鲼õ񼫶Σա
518ڡ
һʮսԱֱϣǵǰֻһˣĽָӣԪ˧
ϴβпڻЩرӵ˺ķ֮󣬴սԱʼͻƣʵ͵ͻƵøࡣ
һʮдУʮһˣУһٶʮˣξʮˣξһˣϵȱʮˡϵȱѾ֧սʵ͵ˡ
ϵĿһʮ˵ϻɨһ˿һʮɶ֮ӣһȥ֪мܹ
ȿȡҲӦòµˣ˴Ⱥ֮ǰͬȷʵͬľ֮ԣҪǺȥһһ޵񣡡
ϵɫͻȻأĿһɨڵһʮˣ˵˳뿪䡣ⲻӱκԵΪѡ£µĻҪܣҲ˳ֻ
һʮû˶ûб˴ߵĽĬĬŶϡ˴һ²⣬вûʲô𾪡ǧˣʣһʮˣûʲôܹǺ£ûʲôܹǹ㲻ǰ
ϼû˳ֳɫ˵Ȼû˳ô˵˵ε񡣡˵϶һµȸ͸¶һϢǾǾʮȺĴڡ
еսԱһĿƵϡ
ĴڲֵģǶԷҵǡҲֻǶݵؽӴһ£ʧŪǵͼҲɺ½ȥ磬ڴ֣һ񣬶Ҿһǰ죬һķɫ΢Ľ磬֣Ķֻ֡û͸¶κйѶϢʧ١
˳ĬܵĿأͬˮһ˷ѹȶһϢĸо
Ϣ̫𾪣˵Ԥϣǲ
ԭε˴ȣ׼ҵսԱھ֮󣬷ֱ硣
һĽ󣬵ڶũܣȪѩɹȣħ
ǣû뵽ҵսʧ˾޴ԣı˼ƻսԱһ֧飬Σճ̶͵ħ磬ĸڣɶ롣
ǵĿľǲϵ룬ܵ룬ȥ˽磬ܹӴȻ˽
ͣճʱóЩѶϢСʱʱ䣬վһοʼ
ΰĽһֽܸͶӰǾѾ˽ϣ÷ǳϸҲЩϾͻδһ
Сʱ󣬳뿪ָġ
Ǿս׼ʱ䣬صľȫսӿţֻҪܹõߣá


361 
һЩ֮⣬һܴڣ˴ӵͬʱҲ˴ıը
պ
һʮ뿪˰Ľ磬ŷɻŻħȥ
֮
սӣһʮ뿪ħأռ䣬ռͦ
꽫һʮ˷ֳ֧飬꣬ʯ壬غ·˹ĸ˸һ֧飬ͬʱ껹֧ܶӳ
ÿ˶һÿһ˶ý࣬Ҳѹࡣ
̧ͷһ̫ɫѾذ
Ӫ
սѸٵؿʼӪЩսԱǾľӢӵʱӪ̣ںͰڶѾλ
꣬أʯ·˹ΧһţտһֻѸڳԶһֻѩǣѾ׵ǡγصħ򣬽һ˳ִ
꣡·˹ųʵ˵ħũܣĽѩɹȺͻȪ͵򲢹죬һռѷҪ͵򲢹죿
ҡҡͷ֪Ԫ˧˵𣿾ݵЩѧƲ⣬Ӧһռѷ졣
ǡռѷ͵ȫ죬ǲζŵȫںϳһ磿
Ӧǰɣ
˵ռѷѾӿŵٶȣ˵ȫںϣɣʮɡɣ䲻˵Ǹʱ磿
ʯһۣء
ǡǻ᲻£·˹ų˵ġ
·˹ļڵȫںϣڵҲܳ£ûйϵ
·˹һ£漴˵ͷ˳˼翪ʼԽӣôܵӰľ;ԲǵҲͬܵӰ죬˫ġ
ĵͼ𣿡ʵ
ţʯͷһЩòԼֲֲҲˡ
԰ɣԱ˯컹֪ô״
ȡһذ׸һӸһԵǣȻָһ鱪ʯ壬غ·˹Ҳʼ
һСʱ󣬳ֵڣ˶ں˯
ڶ죬̤˹¼ŵó̡
һ죬ǲûʲôǿǿﲻףЩսԱ˵׾ٵؽٵħ롣
ա
һʮĿɿڴվһֻҿСӱߡ
һСӽָȻͬĲ֣վһǺɫأݲһƬĮ·һĹŵ硣
Сӵһȴǳ˲һƬ
ȻϣɫĻ涷ޡһĿҷģûмûĻһ޼ʣֱߣ·ǻ磬ĻƮСӣƢ
ֻǡ
һƬеÿһ仨ʮ־޴СĻѾСģеĻһԲСһ˼¡
׿Сӣߵκһ˶ܹһԾʱЩб̵ܹסЩŮһƬ۾ðСǡ
ۣŮȻ̲סŶ԰Ծȥ

ꡰ顱һ棬ſԾȥʯҲ׷ԾڰнŮץסڿһ˰ߡ
诱ץţһʱѾӦ˹ضԳ˵ӳԲ𣡡
΢΢ҡҡͷûʲôǸղ̲סȥܵԻ󣿡
诵һ죬ɫӵ߲ѣӳûСֻһӱƬ𺳣鲻Խںδ
΢΢üͷĲֻԻǵǣ
ǣᶨ˵
Źֵؿһ诣ԭΪЩǵı仯һȺܵģȴû뵽Ͳô¶ЩŮЩͼԡǲЩŮԴʲôģƽʱɱһЩݲݣôһƵġ
ȥץһ˵
һԵӦһܿʧڶ֮Уӵʱ䣬ץһֻѸ˻
ӵ԰˵
ǣ
ӦһֽѸŶ԰˹ȥֻѸһȻŻɱȥֻǼӵʱʧڻ֮Уټ
ʳ˻
񣡡ʯҲԱߵͷ
꽫Ŀ˿غ·˹ʲô
غ·˹һҡͷûУǿҲʳ˻
·˹ȡԶŶ԰һӳҪҴһСȹȥ̽̽·
һСӹȥû·˹
һСӸ
˴ӶгŶ԰Ծ˹ȥ
ಡ
ӰԽСӣ˶԰ȫ䱸ǰһƬޱ޼ʵĻ˴Լһӵʱ䣬˻֣߸СŻȥ
أ߸˵ıӰʧڳ˵ҰСԼһӵʱ֮߸˵һγڳ˵ҰС
ಡ
սԱԽСӣ˳ǰ
ӳһСǰһǧףδΣաޱ޼ʣûͷ
ܺãӣ
ǣӳ
ŶĻл¶һ˿Ҳûʲô취ܹΪһƬͣǰĿľ˽磬˵һƬһƬ𺣣Ҳǰ
ӣСģ


362 ɫ
һСӣڵĶ԰
һطֱһ»Ʈɢ㣬оûʲôʣ΢顣
ֽ˱ͳһƻŸһСĻ˹ȥǸƻ価˻٣Ƕ仨ûʲô쳣ٶ
곤³һ߰ɣ
һ·ǰУһֱĳҲ
ûɣ
һƬޱ޼ʵĻУ޷ܾĻƢֻ£ûܹ
֪䣬Ѿ˰գ롣һЩŮѾʼЦŲժһЩ䣬ڻ˷ܵرţԾš
Ȼ䣬ס˽ŲһʮֲġһǱס˲Ӵ
ͬһʱ䣬оԼоԼĲƺʲôסԼͨ
꼱æĴԼ˴ʱһƬɫĻУеĻǺɫֻڻıԵһȦߣÿһ仨С
ֺɫĻͷһŨصһζһϸоԼĺøӵѡ֪ɫĻɢζԼͨ
顭
һը죬ѰȥϾһһϵȱӲϺȻ飬ӲǻʢһСĺɫ䡣
ǿԼ侲֪ʱҶ˳һƬɫҲˡ֪һһˡ
ĿںɫΧɨţĿһںɫĸΧһЩɫĲҶ
ͬһ˹ȥһץ˼ɫҶһʹؾ׽˼£ȥ
һζٷŰɫҶҩԣһ߸оԼĺ
Ȼһ˿ͨʱѾǺɫζͲɫҶҩһŵķԺѸٵطҪβܹ󻯵ðɫҶҩԼ
顭
ϵȱԴӲǻʢһɫ
Ѹȡձ;ƾƣȡһƿȪˮְԼķժȡֲҩȻѸٵط飬ˮȡһձٵҡţʹձȼȡ
סغժɫİɫҶ¡
еսԱҲ˳ľٶǶ֪һҩʦΪǶ֪ҩ
һ߾׽ŰɫҶһ߽עųꡣ
顭
һϵȱͷ­ըʢһɫ
Ȼʮֽȴɺȡ֪ʱԼݲðʧֻҪʧһΣҩ¾ˡ
ϵȱʼͷò˶ЩξУ߾ͻᱬͷֻҪԼʧ󣬿ܹûмˡ
顭
һ߱ͷһֻֿŵӣʱУ߲Ӷʼôִһһ·ʱᷢ顱һ
ʱ򣬳ĺҲòӿʼҵʶʼе
Ȼվָձպһ£ԼеҺ塣ֻ˲䣬оԼĺΪ֮һ
죡
һڻӶһĺ㶼۾һһԼ͡ǵǰٵӹָϵصÿ˵ĿеҺ塣
ʮʱ䣬ͣΣһڻָߣһŽŵĲŷ
ߵ˺ɫǰժɫս磬ȻժʮɫҶս硣Ȼȡһ΢¼˵ɫԵнߡ廨ζЧ˵ĺɺɫűͷ­ҩΪɫµİɫҶԼֲҩƳҩ˶䷽¡
սһվ˴˶һٺģ
ôһȴȥ˾Ÿϵȱϵȱʮʣ˶ʮˣҲһʮʣˡ
ڶ¡
ʣ˶ʮһˡ
һǾ˵һʱصϮԽ磬ЩԽǿԽǹ졣
ʱսһԭӪһµĲͣؿսڽԼξľεȹ̡׼ٵ뵽УʶΣգֻнԼʵܹԼӵذȫһ֡ƾƷľѾоЩˡ
ϥԼľڵžȻ̷һƬ֮Ļ꣬ʼתŵ
ѾܹƲ֮Ȼ֮һеԪǣͬһ¡¡ŵıϳȥ
䡭
ȵϵسŵıϣܼͣͬһŵϡ
жķϻѪ˿ƲסزѻڵϴԽԽ󣬳һָо֮ƲıϣƼͻᱬըԼը÷ǡ
顭
ûóȶãֻǹȥӵģ굤ıڱ˺һ϶ȵԪѷ쿪ʼġ
īͬһƬյĵһ⣬ͬСһСҡҷ·ʱϨ
֪Ѿ˿ٵĵһһ⣬Ҳ䵤
һοٵһʮҪΪԺ󻹻չĻᣬÿչԳĿռΪ
ʱͷڵһǻɫģԤʾʱʵУڡڻɫ֮ϵһɫʱʹﵽУڣںɫһɫʱʹﵽУڡɫۻɫʱ򣬾͵һչռͻƵУľ硣


363 
ͻƵУһɲǣĵһεõչĿռ佫УһԣһοٵĿռԽ󣬵ȵУʱչҲԽʵҲͻԽǿĲҲͻԽ
ͻУ֮ǰ׹ֻתɻɫ¿ʼһֱٴλ۳ɰ׹⣬һչ뵽УȻܶʼ뵽У
ɵ̷һƬ֮Ļ꣬̽˵֮ڣȵԪŵкһ𵴵ΧıϣһȵԪŵ
һ۵ԪԲʮ۵ԪܹģӿȵԪͬݿһɨŵڵıϣϵŵĿռ䡣
һҹʱ䣬궼֪Լĵ﾿䵽ʲô̶ȣþ뵤ȥ̽飬Ȼ̽鲻߼ʡ
оԪĳѾܹҲõ˿ţת۾
һգ֮б졣оԼȻʮֹҳһָоǾԼƺܹԼԼظо֮
ȻǺЩ翣ȴʵʵڵظо
ش棬С档
ǲԼĵڿ֮Ĵһ˿ϵ

곤³һôԼͻƵУȫõ˽һϡ߳ѾһֱڵǼ˳صؽţͷĦųСȡ
ǵͷһսԱ˳ųʵ꣬ô
ͻˣֳ˲õЦݡ
̫ˣ
еսԱ˸߲ңΣķ磬ÿһߵͻƾһϲ¡رΪܶӳĳ꣬ͻƸŷǷ塣
ʮˣŲԭľͷ˵Ǿͽ߳һƬԭ֪ȴǵĽʲô
֪ǾѰʲôʯɫЩľ
ǰЩе˵ǷܹΣ
߰ɣ˵˽һ磬ǾͶһݱϡ
ʱ֣һߵ˲ԭıԵĿ֮һƬԭʼɭ֡ûнƬԭʼɭ֣ʪϢ
ӪϢԭʼɭ̾Ϣһ
ӳ
ͻȻӶдһŵͷȥбһ󼫶Ⱦšֻʷɹյ߼ʣת˲֮͵ǵͷϣ˻
ս
һԥ˴ͷϵ

һİͼһֻʯͷϷɹצһñ㽫ʯץ˿УڳҰУۿʯ屻˺÷飬Ѫӿ
ʯ塭
Ŀѣ𴩼ſҿ
顭
һֻںƬǸ˻һսԱץ˿˺Ƭ
顭
͸оԼ·һ̹ײǰַ˳ȥ屻һײ˳ȥ
߿
һӹϿյ˲䣬צһãͰѳץ˿УۿԼĸצʿӶ˳
ˡ
Űѷɽ͸ֻһͰץųʵ÷飬оԼڼ·׹䡣
ѸٵؽԼľӿҪѰһĵطֹԼ׹䡣
ͻȻסˣչ˲䣬ԼûڿУһֱվڵϣվԭʼɭֱԵĲԭϣʱ㵸ذڳһӿ׹ӡ
ô
Ʒľ˹֮ǰ̫ͻȻû˿׼ȫչѵؿΧ
ʲôֻлƻѤ
ΧȥһսڷĲ˻زҽСеֳҿеֳȱڷɨ䡣
ĿͻȻһ䣬ʯ壬ǸԭӦñ˺ʯ壬ʱڵ˫ֲͣƺʲôװﻹأҵĳӣҵĳӡ
ɫһ¾ͱʮѿļԼڵʯϿļء
һֽûʲôȴܹɻþþе˾
꽫ԼľӿоųԼľ֮񲨶Ȼܿ׽ƾ񲨶һ¿һƴСǡ
ɵȡǹѸֻ
顭
һǹ죬ƴСĻ˰ӣͻȻеսԱرԼƽ
սԱ˷ӦһʼԼ壬ȻãΧ
Ŀɨˣ̾һսԱȻƲסеĿ־壬þˡ
Ű֮ǸȥͷЩãսԱ˵һֻþ˵ǱʶеĿ־߷Ŵ󡣡
˹һɫʮѿû뵽ԼЩǿ߾ȻһֻССĻŪǱ
ȡһذ׽Դʿָһȡһָ״Сӡ
꽫ڵʯмأΪҪóһҩźܴĸá
֮󣬳һ˱øӵСġǼʹˣԱҲڲͣؼ١һָоǲӦüȥˣҪԵͲֵܹġŴıը´ʱѾȫûˡ
ĸ¡
Ҳ֪뵽ʲô̶ˣֻ֪ûԱѾֻʣһٰʮˡԽԽǿԽԽӦ


364 ץ
ӳǻҪǰ𣿡·˹¶Եĵǣڵл͸¶һ˿η塣
ʱѾǻƻʱ֣սһյأмΧˣֱǻĳʯ壬ĿأӢ·˹ϷǵԪ޵
Ŀδʯ壬أ·˹Ԫɨ·˹Ԫж¶һ˿־壬ʯͿصûп־壬ȴ͸¶һ˿ꡣ
̾һ֪ʱ֧Ѿ߱ǰеˡĸ¹¶ǰУϵսѾǵľڱıԵǰУõĽֻ
ͺñսϵХӪһ㣬ʿľﵽ˱ıԵֻһжʿĿ־޷ŴȻʧȥǣֻ֪ɱ¾
ֻ˲˾ɵ˵Ϣһ쿪ʼأ

е˶سһʯͿҲ⡣Χŵ˲ɶ
ĸ˰ɣʵ
ȡһӱȻ򿪲鿴һ¼Ѿһǧ¼һٶʮʮֲڲƵͼֻûзκ½ַûз֡
ۡ³ҧڿеһҶˣǻȥһ´룬ȵ´ʱ򣬻׼øӳ֡
̧ͷŻƻķ૵⿪һصɴ
Χ˳Ĭãسʵ֪ũܣĽѩɹȺͻȪĸռ䣬ɳ̽Ρ
ҡҡͷӦúòȥҸоƬ粻ǵʵܹ̽ģָĲǸʵ˵ʵҡҲ֪Ǳߵ״֮󣬶Ҳδһ¡
Ϊʲô
ʵɫأǱĵȼǸߣǶ˵Ҳһѡ
Χһ뵽֮У΢Ҷɳɳ졣
ȻӵٵؽȡУȵ׼ս
𡭡
ǲһں𣬶һȺں𣬴˷ֻ֪ΧˣóΧܶࡣ
֮󣬳˱һһڴֿ־ĵΪԵʱ˷ԣȴֻ֣ץˣץˡ
ž¡¡ؽŲ߱ܿ죬ǾͿˡ

ˣ
ƻ£һεǿ񱼶ﲻͣغ֣ץˣץˡ
궨ȥһߴԼҵҰˡ˵ҰֲȷУǺͳ˼Ұ˲֮ͬǰҰҲףҶëԡ
ǣǰЩҰȴֻңϵëȽϡ١Ϊ˳Ծܹ˵ԣȻֻ֣ץˣ
ǿ̸̸𣿡곯Ŷ󺰡
ץˣץˡش֡
ûж⣬̸̸ܹ𣿡ŬϾǵһܹԵ
ץˣץˡ˷ڷɿرƽ
ӳô죿ʯ徯ڱƽҰˡ
׼ͻΧǰأϵ˵
ǣе˶ǾһյĻҲֵסһҪؼҵġʱʲô˭赲ǻؼңǾͻԥؽԷƬ
壡
һǰ˹ȥеĴȵĻ档
顭
һҰ˱׵飬սͬһѼ⵶Ұ˵İΧ

˷һɵŻƻշ·˲һƬһž˷˹աһĹٱ֯ɵľ͵þȻǹܹϡ
顭
׵һǸ˹

ͻȻһУתͷȥ诱һҰ׳һٲסҰǱקš
顭
ǹˣһö׵Ǹ٣诼ų걼
ľų˹ʱըӣΪᱻһž
ಡ
Ͱѷɽ͸˲һž˹ȥ诽ظ˳ĺ档
սԱʼһסȻסߣֻǲһӵʱ䣬սӾʣ˳ͽڳԵ诡
ʱĳѾڵݸ诣רĿžűɽǰȥ
һžͣų˹ЩҰ˲ͣ׳һ˫Ⱦ
ĿһͷĴҰˣѾȫڱΣһͬһһٵǴ
ͨ
诱ٰڵأѸٿɽǼٽɱȥ
ͨ
ĹӶһӽڵأеһӽ诰档ų͸оһգ课ͱ档
һϱɫʱеսԱΧһҰˡ̷ĵؽűɽջ硣֪ʱܵĻᣬҪֻеȵҰٵʱлᡣ
оЩҰ˲ҪɱǣҪץǡǳʱҪԭлᣬŽսԱȫȳ
껳§ס诱ҰȥеսԱֵȥ


365 žžž
ԼһСʱң˱Ͻһɽ˳ɽڵͨǰУֹȥ˴Լһӵʱ䣬˱Ͻһ޴ɽ
ɽ̫޴ˣͬһ硣Եشһ£ĿռܹˣҴʱɽѾ˴ԼǧҰˣҰ½ص
ĿͻȻһࡣ࣬һģһࡣֻʮˣֻʮ˴ʱǳ壬ĿãȻڳɽһ޴Ķš
ɽǸ޴ĶȥɫһƬȻǸξȻԵֳһģһֻʮֵؾ޴׶ߣһ̨֮ϡ
ܹǸ޴ֳһԲһ֮ΪܹǸ޴ֳز
ʱЩѳץҰ˽һãվĴš
ȥʮݣȥ﾿ô¶ô

ͻȻеҰ˷ܵؼ˸ӵؽ䱸ȴЩҰˣʮûпǣֻǼɽǸ޴ֳš
˻˻˻
ųûܵʱȴǸ޴ֳȻһ䶯һһȻһɫҺ塣
ɢһ˵ζֻ˲ԼʶһԺһǿҵС̼Ӳ
Ժиоһ忿Լоһ˫·
ã
ףƷľ̻Ժ˹һѹʧɫ
ʱɽѾһƬҰ˺ŮҰڵ˷ܵؽϣսԱҲȫʧȥǣսдʱžŸŮӣʱְ˸ŮںսԱؽϣսԱɥʧǣںŮҰ˽ϡ
ʣµһŮսԱ诣ʱѾԼȫѹ⣬ֳĺΣϢأۺѾѳǹˣʱڳϣһһµ˷ܵغͳ꽻š
һ˷ˬĸоֱԼʣһԺһѹףسײҲӭţзһ߽ػС
ʶڣɫĺƺųһľóһ˹
ѵһ˲䣬͸оһɾʶƺҪʶǹɾͷֻԭʼ
һָоֻҪԼԼɾ֮Լͻһֻ֪ϵǣɾķɽǸ޴棬Ǹֳ档
ʱʮΪʲôʧȥǣ˫Ŀֻ֮гǸ޴ֳ״ĳݣΪѾˡ
ٵǸ棬ҲܹƣΪһĿܡ
꽫ֳһƽ磬ժҩֱӷŽԼȻͣؾ׽ҩ֭˳£ʼᡣ
ͣƺò㣬ӷŤǳʱѾȫѣȻɼӲȴѾܹסԼʹذסµ诣ڲժҩ׽Ȼס诵Ĵҩ֭½诵
һ诵Ĵ课ͿʼʳͷڵĲҩһӾʽȻȥ
һӵʱ䣬课˹漴һļС
Լ壬ںͬĳ꽻һ𡣱ܵһȭų˹ȥ
һס诵һס诵죬Ȼ诵Ķߣٵؽ˵
̻ղŷ飬ûȫǸƣԼԼԼȥ·Ȼȥĳ·غͳ꽻ϡһıûһߵͨ졣
˶ͣ˶εرһ𣬲֪ӦΡ
ʱ򣬳ͻȻԼתͷһһҰ诣ŮҰꡣ
ҴʱżҰų˹Ƕһ߽һеرǹҪʲô
Ҫʲô
ڵķɽԾԾԡ
ӳͻȻ˵ǲΪͣ
ͣʲôͣЩãȻ
ƫͷȥֻ꣬ų궥¡
Ȼ̳诳ײ
žžž
ųĳײһҵζ˽ϴɢ˳ЩųҰͣ诵ҰҲ˻ȥʼԼͬ齻
ʱ򣬳诶ˣǽϲζЩҰظоֻҪԼͣͻỽЩҰ˵ľ
겻ͣسײţҲŬػӦţ˳Ķ˵ӳô죿
̧ͷһɽǸ棬ѹ˵һжǸģǱǸɱɱǸ֮ܿЩҰ˵ıңһ
˵أǲɱǸ棬ǵֻʱģᱻǸƳһֻ֪ǡ
Ǿɱҧ˵
Ŀһ¾룬ʱԼǸԼٶ׵ľ룬ԼʹɽľֻܹﵽʮסҪǸ棬ԼƱҪǸӽԼס


366 ĩ
诣ҪǸƶԼףҹ
ã
Ȼ֪еƶʲô˼ǴʱѾ˲Ψн۾ӭų꣬ճʹķ䶯š
˫ס诵˫޳ĴȽؼס˫ֱס꣬Ȼһ߽ţһǸ濿ȥ
ӳ诵صת˻о𣿡
ʱ仹ֻ̣ҪǾɱǸ棬ûüǡǣܻܲ뿪Ͳ֪ˡ
ɱǸ棡诺޺޵˵˫Ⱥ޺޵һС
ݺݵǰһײаɱǸ棬
ƺо˳˼һ죬ͷ˳š
žžž
һ·ͦײǰȥ诵ڳ˫ֵз²ţϵļһһţǰŰѩҡţҵζһһɢš
ܿ죬课Ϳ˴ԼףʱɽǸֻҡ
꽫请ŵ˵ϣȻſϲϵسײţȻ͵͵ʹɽһըŵɽǸȥ
ܿ죬㽫һűըǸ޴ԱߣȻʼ͵ڶűը
Լӵʱ䣬͹ȥ˰˿űըΧǸ޴һȦȻʹŰ˱ɽֱɵ˰˿űըϷͬʱűըĿһײѸٵؽɽ
һжϢɣµ诶ûзڳǿ׳ġžž£ЩʧǱʶֻ֪ӭų꣬Ϊڻ
Ȼоͣѹ¡
䡭
˿űըͬʱը죬Ǹ޴汻ը飬İɫҺ䣬ɽںžһ˫˫ն۾ĴţЩն۾𣬷ŭ񡭡
Ҳͷͷͷ̧ĴţҲ͸ļĴšǿԼͬ飬ЩսԱһ˹ӳʼãĽţ֪롭
ЩҰƺһܹں̵ܶʱ˭ǵͬ࣬Ҳ˵˭ûбǸƣ˭ѡ
ЩΪʧʱ仹̣֮Ǻܿ˹ⲻ֪˻ǲҡ

ǧҰ˷ŭǱܵΪЩûʧȥǵսԱը棬ų˹
ಡ
ͰѷɽΧųΧɱͬʱһսԱȥЩսԱҲɽıΧЩսԱҲ׷ȭߵس忪һ·ųۡ
ڴʱ޴ɽУǳЩսԱЩҰҲǳ壬ǵЩɽ棬սԱʵ˳
ǣҰ˵̫ˣûǵطսԱ˹ȥտʼսԱܹԼսռƣǽҰϵƾ˳սԱʼ˵ػ˺ҧ
䡭
Ȼ䣬һ޺û·سַ·һĻ𣬸Ķײ
һռ䶼𵴣ڳпռ·ŤˣȻ궼˹ȥ
20171227ա
緢һ޵ĺħũܣĽѩɹȺͻȪڵ㿪ʼ˾ҵ𵴣ռ俪ʼڵŤȻ󡰺䡱һ˳
ȫԽˡ
ǵ򣬾Ҳ˾޴ı仯ĴڵĽȻĸɽڵ޴ڣˮģˮ࣬ؿѣɽ
ƽпռĶԽŤ˿ռ䣬ռ䶼һֲı仯С
̫ͻȻʧˡ
̫еǶ˲䱻ŤĿռݻˣص˶սʱڵģ֮˲ʧȥϵ
ĩҰ̬ˡ
ʵ2012ѾֻʱǿʼǽյĽ
ҵǣǱݻǰ˲仹յһ鴫ѶϢѶϢ̫ûʧȻڣֻΪռŤ⣬Ҳгһգů»
еϣ
ڿռȫԽ֮ǰڵ㴦ľѾԤϣʼĳˡһεĳˣΪĿѧһûƳ赲ֻ֣пʼڿռѷ֮ĵ̵Ĺ¡
ǣռԽӵƻľ޴ģȫݻ˻δϵĹ£򶼴һֻ֮С
ڵ㴦ûü˵༸ȫڵĶԽŤֱӽһнʳ촷ֻۣһЩ󽫼ϵƾԼʵ˳ȥ
һƬŤĿռȴʮѸٵƶһܹշе
˵࣬ΪǲģˣҲι״һͬ㣬ǿ󣬼ǿ
ռԽӵĹУżɳһ״ĶеȭͷСеС
ÿֶɳʱʮͻᡭ
֪˶á
ռھֹĴһƬžֻоļ¡
껺۾ĿһƬڣ˵⣬ǳĹâŤĿռΣ·ҹ
һȡһֵ磬һ⴩͸ڵĿռ䣬ŵ꿴ɽ̮ˣԼñ޴Ҳ֮Ŀ϶ѡ
̡
´һƺߣһ䶯说ӳ˳Ĵš
ʱѾΧɽˣмѳ룬ܹڵա


367 ٺ
ӳôһǹⶼûУЩη
ͻȻرֵ磬ͺȵ
̱ͣ§ʯķ϶У΢΢۾ңԶĿȥ
ңԶĿг㣬Ľӽ꿴ɵ״ķ
һɵǰܣһɵں׷
ͬɵڼű˴˿ڣ¡¡ĺ쳹Уڵҹ
䡭
˫ڻ𶼻˱˴ˣɵڿб飬һƬͬһſ䡣ӰԴķɵг˫Ҳ˴˿ʼԳ塣
սĳܵ˴δйĳ̫ˡ
ڳҰУ˵ʵڳ꿴࣬ǳֲţΪûмǿࡣ
һʹһʹǹ
ÿһζײ궼оռ𵴣Ǿ껹ԶںܸߵĿСÿһζײĳնһ蹵һɽ䵹
һ쫷˵ĶײŰſռ䣬ŰŴء
ƺƴش˳Ͽա
䡭
һ쳹أԭѾѳɽٴαˣ§诽޴ʯķ϶֮䡣
һӰ·׹䣬·ѾȥһӰһ˽ǹͬһһ׹Ӱ˹ȥ
Ȼ䣬Ǹ׹ڿһŲ˼̹Ľǹſ˫һӽǸ˱סž䡱һ֪ôǸ˾ͱըˣͬʱҲǸסը˼顣
ȻըԶȴͬ쫷ɨص޴ʯƵһߣ诵ͬҶһ㱻ݺݵײͱ֮ڡ
һӿе䣬žડһ˳Ľ£ͷһ΢Ĺâ
ʹ˻ͱ˳ȫͬһʹоԼѾͻƵУɵñˤɡ
ͻȻһ诿ֻһξ֪ôˡ
ȡֵͲͱڣҲǶͱ֮ڣʱѾ˹ȥСؽ说ͱ˳ƽڵϣȻ󽫾ɿɨ诵壬ܵ΢ˣص۶ˡ
Ѹٵѡֲҩеֲҩ˷ĩձڣȻˮھƾϼȡ
ʱ򣬳һ΢Ƕӳ𣿡
ʯоһ󼤶Ǹ򺰵ʯ𣿡
ңӳţ̫ˣҹдʯ弤
ôеʵ
û£ֻǱʯͷм䣬
ȴű𶯣ָ𣿻˻𣿡
ܾĵû˿ıЩɥʱסеľɥοԼҲԼսѴʱˣһͻѹ

ͻȻžƾƵĹâҰӵҡҡλε˹
ಡ
ԥʹɽҰ˵ԴʱձڵҩѾ˳΢ҩһ£Ȼ诽ҩ൹Ȼֲֽҩձڣҩճҩ״ֵѰҵһζľȻʹɽа壬诵ĶǣȻҩͿĨڶȴȻŽа̶Ӳ
һۻڻе诣ͷƫһĿһ䣬һ΢âĶؼǵǴӿеġ
վߵǸĸǰȥһһ߼ĺӣ֪ʲôƳɵģĨȥһƬ
΢Ĺâϸضǰӣһмһťָһ
ǣ
һһСؽӴ򿪣һ⻪Ӻк궨һںһȭͷС״Ķ֪ʲôûмȴܹоȵһδ֪
ȻһӵΪʱʶУǸžضյһѶϢǾŶǸ״Ķһּȵؿ
ȶһԼ˫Ǹȥ˫ָոմǸݣǸݾ˲ʧ
䡭
ʶһܸɴػ˹ȥ
֪˶ã걻һѣ۾ΧӰӰ´µӰʮһǸӷ΢Ĺâʯ壬пأ·˹
ӳˣ
ӳû°ɣ

һԴоһµû£
ΧһȦǻʣ¶ˣ
ʮ˸ʯɬ˵
Ĭһʵ涼Ѳˣû©µˣ
ţûˣʣʮ˸ˣһˡʯ˵һЩûҰ˱Ƿֺ󶼸ɱˡ
Ŀɨǰʮ߸ˣ˿֮⻹˻Ӧó·˹֮⣬һ˻ֻϷҲֻԪӵĻˣϳҲֻʮһ˻˶ˣӿʼͳһսֻͯս
ʮ˸ֻŮˣһ诣һһУӱ
ӵվĿ߸˵ϵҿǵơ
ܿؼǵƣֵţҪ뿪ȥҵҩ


368 ŵı仯
ѸٵȥԶȥԼСʱ֮󣬳˵ɽΧȥѾĿȫǡ
ڵҹֲ巽һǳûСһʯ֮ϣһֺܲĸоƺҹԶȥĻǾʧȥ˷УԶŻؼҡ
໡
һϤХųͿһӰڵţų걼
ǣ
꼤Ӱɱ˹ȥ
ˣ
ϤİӰϤХųĻ˹һӱѩ˵ڵϣǴͷţЦ
˫ֲסǵͷǵϾȻû˿˺ۡʱҰϮǵʱǶԳȥʳˣû뵽ǻҵ
ϷһǵͷǱɵſ˵ϡʱŽһƾ硣
˶뿪һԭܹй¶ԼŵܣҪһȥѰҲҩӣʵڲժҩһԭҪ硣
ǳ磬֮ǰĻ֮ǰΪͻȻǸ״ĶͻȻ˹ȥ
ͻȻ䣬Ӿһ·֮߳һ㡣
￴ţ
ǵԴȻͲܲ˵뵽С
ʱѾ˷츲صر仯ı仯ǿռˣԭʮҡ
ԭֻʮƽңʱȴһƽҴСɴӴм䱻һָռ䣬һʮƽҡ
ɼľţֻǴʱľѾû˿ƾɣȫһŵģ
ľŵһЩʯͳ꿪ѵĸҩ԰ʱм䣬ǵܴʱŴĿռ䡣
Ҳ֪羿ô£ŵģͷ·ǰһûкҹҲû̫ĶǷŹâ
ߵľŵĸǰǸľŴʱҲҡˣֵַغں֮ϣ·ûйͷ¡¡߹һ㡣
߹ľţվ˶԰һо˲ͬȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ܹԵظоľŵӵеĿҪǱ˺ܶ࣬صϢһ£оԪҪǱŨࡣһԪŨȲͬĿռ䡣
õĴռ䣬΢΢üͷ˼ţĲ²⣬֮ͻȻˣӦǸе״Ķйأֻǲ֪Ǹ״ĶʲôΪʲô˴ı仯
ǣһ£ܣһʱ佫ߵضѳҩ԰
һȦ֮󣬲ɼһЩҩִľϷأľŵߴԼʮƽĵط껹ǲֵãֻڽѻһЩʳƷһЩճƷмһЩС
̫Ŀռ䣬ҡҡͷʱҲûʲô⣬뿪磬ص档
ء
Ǽ˵Ĵͷײųꡣǵͷǣߡ
һһѩűɽȥԼСʱǷɽԶԶؿһ΢Ĺƶ΢ĹΧƶһЩӰ
ʯ壬ڸʲô
Ź㴦ʱѾǸǸװ״Ķĺӡ
ӳҵʲôʯ弤˵
ߵǰŷʯ˴ʱѾ·ֻԼǳ塣
·Ͱ
ʯݹһһ۾ϳԼİӦǵҰ˽ɻ֮ӵһߣЩ·ҲʯǴķڳġ
꼱æ·ϣȻ󽫰˺ϵҵʲôûҵǵ
ʯҡͷǵӦöڵҰ˼սƬ֣ȵ֮ǻصƬӦܹҵֻڱһЩһЩӵը֮ġʹõǹӦǸС
ãǾ͵
귭߻߸Աĵطʼձ;ƾƸ߸ҩƳɹ֮󣬷ֱ߸ˡ
ҵıлЩʳҵıܶ࣬һٶ˱ץһٶҽĶƽ֮󣬿ʼȡʳһ߳һߵȴ
ʱ䲻֪˶ã궼оԼԺ˯һ۾֮һƬ
ʯ壬ʲôʱˣʵ
óһ΢͵ԣ֮˵Ӧ˰ôһƬ
ľһû趨
ģӳʯͻȻĵ˵ǴЩ΢͵Զ̫ܵģ̫һֱ֣ĵάֲ˶೤ʱ䡣
Ǿȹصɣ
˫Ժ˵ϣڵ˻䣬Ȼ귭һеɽѶΪͻȻĿռ𵴣Լһӻ˹ȥԼһѹ֮һоҹ
ĩգ
ĸͻȻӳĵ˳
ѵռ͵ȫԽӣĩѾ٣̫Զ䣬ҹ
ʯ壡
ӳôˣ
˵ǲĩѾ٣ҹ
ҹ
ʯ循һ漴˳šʱе˶ųꡣÿ˵˼ά·ͣ٣ĵһֽ־
û˵Լһ֤ʵ˳˵ʵ죬ѾؽʵѾ϶ԼƲ⣬ĩӦѾˣҹ


369 
ʱǳʵʮ߸Ҳĵ׽ʵüͷдǣӳҹǳαλؼң
˶һʶԣʯ弱æȡָ룬ָǸתе˶һãȻ
ˡ
û˷УǾͬûͷĲӬҹ֮ĴҴʱᴳΣ֮أߴ߽Ϣأ֪ôġ
ء
ѩǵĵһŴͷųǰء۾һһ˫ץסѩǵֻ䣬ʵǣɼǵûȥ·
Ļһ䣬˵۾һĿڴǡһֻѩǣӵŷǷȫܹ˴ȥ
ءǵŵͷ
̫ˣ꼤һӴӵоˣ
оˣе˶߸˵ҲشӵŬվ
ߣǣȴȥ֮ǰӪǸ֡
ǵĴͷѾ߸˵߸ľգ˵Ĳ¿ʼѩǵĴ뿪˱ɽ
˵ˣߵúԼСʱʱ䣬˵ǰһƬһ֡ѩһ·ǵǸ̲סƬ־Ӫ֮ء
ʯһֱǸĺӣһ·ϾӷĹâ߽Ĵ۶ϵڣҿʼѰŶܿҾҵһ֧֧ǹЩǹѾ𻵣һٶ֧ǹѡʮ֧ǹû⡣
˵ǣҵǼܴڡʰѸٵؽڲжѸٵװųһû˿𻵡
ʵ⴩ڶø߶˲Ƴɵģ쳣ô𻵵ģֻһƬ֣ڴϣҲԴ˿˺
꽫ڷŻ˱֮ڣжǹֿʼĴѰҶͲҪǸӷĹâԼľ˳ȥ˷ԲʮסľûκζܹΡ
ܿҵԼľƷ˾ƷĸǰƷǡ

ʮ˸ڻؼҵ;УʱжѾĩĽˣĽҹ
ʱ䣬б˵̫𣬾һ˿ûС
ÿ˵ʮʱһʮˣصʱȴֻʣʮ˸ˡ
ҵΣ
棿ÿ˵ֻãȻŻؼҵִ˵ʮ˸оͻʧء
ǰѩǣÿ˵ж¶ҡûǣǽٺҲá
ʱ䣬ʮ˸˵ĽذȻòʱ򣬶һеòֲﶼϸļأǻֱܹʱ·֤ķûд
ʱԺȴһ飬ĩյĽѾǲתʵ뵽ҹһﶼʱƷ仯
ϤЩֲﶼᷢ仯Ҫ֪ԭĵҲãҲãеֲﶼǾóɳģʱ̫ʧԭеЩֲƱػʧ߷ĸı䡣
磬ˮ׵ʳ»ܿʧǷת䣬Ҳδܹʳá
һЩ缦ѼȣҲʱƶʧĸԶ棬ﾺ
Ժؼǵãĸµ̽УڷİֲͬʱҲһЩϤֲһЩҰˮһЩҰףһЩҰֲ߲
ڻŴĵط˵԰ЩطЩط׼ѳҩ԰˵ҲʮƽĵطʱʮƽﶼһƬԭȫֲҰˮҰֲ֮ȥ
һĩУʳｫΪ֮ء
ؼǵǰвԶһƬҰȻû½棬ѾϰҹĳҲܹŵطֱһʱ䡣
գȻһƬһ޼ʵҰǵǰûֻĬĬ߽һƬһ޼ʵĵ
۵ʱ򣬴ұڵϢϢһ뿪ˡȻʯ֪뿪ȴûֻΪȥ̽·ˡ
Զˣ꽫ȫչʼѡһЩʢҰˮֱֲС
æ˴ԼʮСʱʱ䣬ֲ˷ԲһҰˮ뵽УȻ˹Ӻнˮ뵾֮С
һƬĵ֪ԼȱʳȻֻзԲһĵЩӣһֻҪԼԸ⣬ʮ﷽Բ
صʯ˴û˵ʲôʯҲûʡ£ÿƺЩľ
ϢСʱҿʼǰСǵĴ죬ܹܿΣյ䵥Ʒ͵ҲὫնɱȻһ»ʳ
һ¹ȥ߸˵սԱѾ˴룬ҵٶȿʼӿ졣һУֲһЩҰ׽磬һϴʱ򣬳ͻ룬ںｫӿȻ󽫴еսеĺ֮С
˺귢һȺҰɽ򣬳ľܲƽʱ԰ȥҪںϣֻԼҪʱټںϡľźܸɴطһͷ˶԰
һץһЩҰɽ뵽УһƬԭ㹻ЩҰɽԵġ


370 ׺
һº
ҵʼΪǷ￪ʼƷߵͶУȻѩǵ·ҲԽԽΣգһαһȺΧסЩ
ӹһ֮󣬳˾ѰһȫشΪ߸Աʵ׸һһ£ʱߵʱҲѾȥ£߸Աȫʮ˸һοʼ˷ҵó̡
׺С
ħһУʱѾΪһճǡĸǰĩս֮󣬴žʼ룬ڳʱ˴ΧɱջһЩ񱻸ϣɢٲ˻˰׺СŶأӲдӡ
ǵĴݻ٣ֻʱ˲ΪһЦͨѶȫжϣʷߵַӳ޴ܡ
мʮڣͷ˾ۼһĴ¥ߵڵͣŹ㲥ڵ粨Ѱο塣
еߵ粨𵴣ͨߵ粨ϵ˴ͨŸԹҵľƣܶСѾơձɱԽϵȹҵ˿֮񻪹˹ĴҲڲϵط󲿷ֶ߳Уһ߳С
ضеŶŴͶǴȴ;УеھסĳжأûϣֻΪ˻Ŷš
ӿ˵ƺص˻ĹʱڣǿΪİΪΪߡ
Ĺʼ˱仯ǰķʧЧˣ¹淶ˣµδɣһжڼȵĻ֮С
ǣһȴǵõе˳ϣǾʵЩѪ֮߳Ϊ߹ˡ
ѪĻҲǳ굱۸Ļеĵһʽͨߵ粨еĻ˹ʽɹؿѪ˽Ϊ⹫ӵȨ
ƺڱ߸ԭ߸ϵˣԱҵľͷǮˣĴ׷ӰӾǣһҹ֮ƶˡĳµˣ׼İȴΪѪ˲Ϊ˸߹ϵˡ
ʳüȵضȱ֮ǰʳѾʼʧǻܹҲΪ֮ǰĿ档Ŀʳʳ˱죬ʧȥ˹ãǱӵ˶أƺص˹ŴԻȡʳ
һա
׺еĴ߽Ÿˣÿ˶Բʷһ󱳶жǹһ׺е˶Ϥĩս֮Ǿܶľ˴ﳷߡ
Ÿһ·ǧϻĳˡʮ˸ڹ;֮˶ΣգǷԽǿߣΣյԽ࣬·ﶼӿ˵һ㡣
ϵսУʮ˸ȥһ룬ֻʣ˾ŸˡϵսУؽһʱʣ¾Ÿ˵ʵҲõ
սԱֻʣ˿һˣʱʵѾﵽ˴УڡӢҲֻͬʣ·˹һˣʵҲͬ˴Уڡ޵ͻƵУڣϷǵԪҲͻƵ˴Уڡ
µ˶ǻˡ
ʵǿʯ壬ʱѾͻƵУڣдУڵӱѾξŮӣپѾУ۷ĳξڵͯս񲻽ʵУ۷壬ҲƷ߼ʱľѾܹǷԲǧס
ʱھ˶ǰͷ߸һѩǣɢϢ
׺Ѿ˺ڰ֮Уֻпʼɢһּ䰵΢⡣տصۣΪռײ֮ĿռŤرȶһ˿˿â͸˱ϡֻֿռϾҪòܹȫɢȥأû֪
ҲҪһ꣬Ҳʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬Զˡ
𡭡
ͻȻһڽֵĺڰгһ׸ߵĺӰ

˺ڰĽֵǴǸ׸ߵıǿ
ǻţʯ˵
ֻǾŽףĴţ׺еĽѾ̮ĲˣĿֻʮͦţɵȻǳߵĴ¥һ
ա
֧ǹŭĻ棬ֻ˲䣬ֻǻţ͵Ӵ
ߣ
Ÿͬҹ趯ľ飬μٵسһʮĴ¥˳Ų¥ϷɱšܿǾͳʮ㣬ͣŲûз׷
ߣ
߽ȣ꽫ӿŲͻȻһ٣ľУҲһ߸һ־ضŷţҲ˵ĽŲɨһ㣬Ҳû˼
վȷǰûֻڿյĴ¥ڻص
һֱ۲߸ˣֻ߸ηؼڷһ廹΢΢ط֪߸ǲˣ֣˲䷺˽һ塣
ꡭ
һֻƾͲţץסһק㽫ק˽ȥİ˸˶Իų֪꣬ΪʲôҪקţѵˣô֪
߽˴ţһֱڶȥһƣǸű㱻ƿ˽ȥ
һＷ߸ˣһη½ĳŸˡķӵ


371 ˳
ľ£һȺŶˣ߸־塣ǣȵǿŸϴķװ۾һ
ǡǾˣһͷڴųꡣ
ͷĩպ﷢ʲô
Ǹ䶯һºᣬĿⶢųıɬ˵гԵ𣿡
ִıһ£Ȼȡ߸հװ㳦ŵǸ˵ǰ
Ǹ˵˫ȻĹâҲض߸㳦˲˫ִӵ߸㳦һָˣ߸˱˺˰װ̻רעľͷѾȫվǰĳŸˡ
İ˸˿ӱ߸㳦Ѿû˷ӦЩӳ꾭ӱȡһЩʳǴľѾüֲ֡ǾóأһУʵȻЩսһУڵʯ嶼Ķ֡߻һѱѩǣܹϵشӱȡһЩѾľˡ
ǣ֪ϣǰĹѾ̭ˣ署ľʵ֪ԽأʵԽǿЩԽкôڿռѷսôãȥһ꣬ǵļʶѾͨȫ֪ͬźܶ飬Ҳʶ˺ܶࡣ
ؾ֪һֱоһִԪռ䣬Ȼ֪ûоɹ˭֪ǲǾӵһڳΪʲôУ޵Ŀܡ
һңԶżߵһڵϵźⲻûпܡ֮һֱоԪռ䣬һǷǸзһԪռ䡣ֻݿص˽⣬һֱûƽ
һֱվһֱȵ߸˽㳦ꡣʵ߸̻ʵٶҲûöʱ䡣
ųһֱĿ⣬Ǹ˲ղŵ⣬æ˵٣ĩ֮󣬴ľӿʼ롭
˵Ľߣ˵ɫ뵽⣬ȴû뵽⵽˳̶ȡ
ص״Σ
֪ǸҡͷǵҰ޹ʹ󲿶ʧɢһ·ӻ˰׺УͨѶȫжϣֻ֪׺Ĵ޺͸ִСĳӡ
üͷȫûϵԭΪص˵һ߾ܹصҵԼĲӡȴȫͬ
ֱ͸ˣ
üͷǸ˵¶һ˿η֮ɫȻ۾һ٣иطҲ˻˽һЩ
ţʲôطĿһ
ⲻԶĵط֣һ˳СһȺռ˵ߵ磬ͨߵصľơ
ߣתȥ
١
Ǹ˲ͣ˽Ųͷ˹ȥ
ʣǻڰ׺𣿡
ᣡᶨ˵
˵¶ʧ֮ɫҲ֪һ˾뿪ǲߵġǳҴǣҲҸšŴ󲿶ӣǶɢֻоŸˡ
Ѿת뿪ƣּæʵܡٸһʳ𣿡
ɫԥһ£ʱڵʳҲˡǿ߸ǿǽ˱ȡһŵ˵ǰȻ˳ȥ
˳жķУŸ˳һǽ֮Ŷļ˳ȥʱ˳еХһƬһɴԼͷҵľɵȺΧųеĴתţʱعžš
ʱǸյľѾǵצ˺鲻Ϊ׵һͷߴľͷƽɫëɢϢ
䡭
ǸڱȺ˺ãһֱûжĽëǳХһȺײĲ˽ȥ
ա
е洫ȳȥļͷǰһˤڵϡǸľǳ˽ȥ
ǹ˵
ֻͨǹеһAKǹӦǼ񵽵ġͯսŶ˵
ϣǸң
ͺһŴھʹӶǽ˳ȥŶļ˳г˹ȥʯȰ˸˽󣬰֧ǹ棬˸˶ǾпѵսԱ־пڼһʱ硣
ǹ쳣׼ȷǹǹͷֻ˲ͻʮֻûü뵽˳ڵľǡ
䡭
˿űըӽ˳УʱѪɣһƬгŸ˳˼˳С
Ż⣬һ۾Ϳͷëʱվһ϶ųŸˡ
顭
еĴں˻棬ĿһɵһԾȻ˳Ŵ׵
顭
ľ˲˳ȥ棬ƶһй켣ɼ䣬ƶһнǶȡ
𡭡
һ֮ĲҽУһ˫۾Ĵ׵
顭
ε䣬Ŵ׵ͷ­顱رը޴Ȼء
ʱʯȰ˸ֻʮǣһ˲ǿʼҲû֮ǰ׺ݣ̵ֻӳ˳С
û׷ɱЩ޾ǣǲǴеĿģľ˲ӵ˼£˷Բǧס
¥
Ŷ¥ȥոյ϶¥һAKǹ׼ǣĸ󣬻ʮˣһгŸֹ˵ųŸˡ
꽫еĴڻطŽԼıȻ̯ʼ硣жAKӣųϵǹеֳһ˿̰һ˿̰׽ˣвһ˿ɫ


372 Ծ
ಡ
ıɽͻȻڿУ˲ӹ˶ĸǹ˵֡

ҽ

İǹڵϣĸԼ˵󣬿־ųꡣ
ಡ
ıɽƾʧһģٿʱѾվĸ˵ǰ

һԵĳ꣬͸ɭɱһ˫۾û˿ĸ飬ֻᡣ
ǸղŶAK˴ʱд˿־壬̲סˡ
һֻһץסǸӵ죬վǸӱս˲ӣһ͵ͨ죬˫̲סߣ﷢
ʵشҵ⡣˵
Ǹ˵ֻʹصͷ
꽫һɣǸӱ˵ϣҲ˲ϴӵ˫ֲͣŲӣ˫۳˿־塣
ԴĩսһɱҲɱˣһѾᣬѾûʲôܹԼ־ġ
ǣ쿴˫ɭ۾ĵֽ־ͬһطӿ
ʱӵûУСʵ֪ʲô

УǸæͷ
ҸطĿ⵭ɨˣȻĿǸӵϵһҲ׼©˵
ǣǸڴӵ
ɫĮظǸߵ˶¥һ棬ȾŸ˸һطŸ˿ѡλãȴѵ϶ΡֻҪ춯Ÿ˾ܹǰʮʮȫɵ
Ǹӿ£Ҳʾ£Ȼʵʵ˳Ķ棬ʼԼų꽲
ĽߣȾŸ˵ɫѿû뵽Ѿ⡣
еķϣ̨ϣһƬİ׺Сʱ΢ѾʧҹѾ١
ΧʯȰ˸ˣʱؽĿꡣ
أ·˹Ԫʲô㣿ûлͷֻʵ
ĸ˳Ĭǻص˵һߣȴԼļ̫ңԶǶһ·ؼңǻǾԼûǸʵ
ʵҪȥԣĸ˳һ˵ӳлؼ֮ǰҾ͸ɣ
תͷſصͷֳ֪ˣǵļ廹žģܱԼһʣ¶ĸԼ
ֽĿӢ·˹·˹ɬЦ˵ҲʱŶӳɣӢżˣܹȥһҪȥˡ
ͷ·˹뷨ͷǳ˭ûмˣǳҲʮֵеĸĸ
Ҳǣ޵Ҳ˵лᣬҲȥҵļˡ֮ǰҾ͸Ŷӳ
ҾͲȥˣϷǵԪ˵Ǹ¶ҲûʲôˣҴӽ͸Ŷӳˡ
ãͷתʯ壬ӱ诺ͯսʲô㣿
Ҳ֪ҵļھǣҪᾩǣ
ҵļҲھǣҲȥһԵͯսҲ˵
Һ诵ļҶڽǣҪǡ诣أӱתͷ诡
诲תͷ˳꣬ͳĿڿһͲɫһ졣ɽк请飬ҲһΡ
ҡҪؼҿҰְ衭ҧ촽˵
ӳʯ̧ͷų꣺ǻģǿģһȥǰɣ
ҡͷ˵ҲԺȥǣڲСҵĸĸУҪȥҵĸĸ
ףʯ˵ҵ˼ǲҪȥǣһȥУȻҵĸĸ֮һȥǣ֮һǰǡ
껹ԥʯЦ˵ӳ۴ĸ˵ǶӦǷǿĵطʱҲӦȫĵطѵѡ񶨾ӵĵط
֪Ҳʯ˵öԣòͷ
ҡʯų˵ӳǰУأ·˹ԪҲһȥСƾңͯսӱĸûаշؾǡ
ʱʯ뷨룬ȥҲȷʵѵķҲȷʵʯ壬ͯսӱĸ·ĸ·кܴĿܻ;С
ã˲˾ȥУȻȥǡҶҲסڽǣȻһǰǡ
֮󣬼˱㶼˵һ̨֮Ͻ뵽Ϣ֮С
̨ϣ޾ҹգ˼ƮУ̾һ֪ĸĸˣ뵽Լĸĸ֣չˣ΢һ
һƾ磬ֳһ˿΢Ц
һµʱ䣬Ѿһµʱ佫һ
ںĶƬڣѾֿ˰˸ҩ԰ʱҩ԰Ѿʮҩ԰ŴĵطҲģֻŹЩʱЩҩ֣Ϳٴοҩ԰ҪǷԲʮﶼѳҩ԰
ںߵʮƽڣ꽫ֳÿԼаƽһǳһŻĵطط˼ľݡ
ڶطѾȫˮһµʱ꽫ЩֲˮѾˣѡϼѵ˵ڶ򣬴ʱѾһ߶ߡ
طףƱˮҪá


373 Ծ
ĿһЩ߲ˣⶼǳڴ緵;еͷһ²ժһЩҰ߲˵ӣȻڶһֲȥġطĵ֮󣬸ֲѾ˱仯˶ء
ǳֲһЩСЩСǸֹÿһŹѡĶһҸߵСǳһ·ռġ
Ҳ˵ڴ緵صӳһֱûţͷ³æֲŸֲº󣬴󲿷ֲ￪ʼ˱仯֮󣬳㿪ʼÿ춼ʱ͵͵뿪飬뵽æš
ľݣˮף߲ˣֲЩС˵͵Ľ紦ȻЩСϿһЩ֦ڵط굱ҲͱԵ̬ȣȴû뵽ڵĻȻЩ֦ɻˡ
÷ɽһЩȻЩһƬƬڵ͵һդ򵥶ظǸ߸ߵݣǳץһٶҰɽ
һʶɨԼæµĳɹٿмĺڸԽԽ࣬ϵЦݽ
ʱǸԼͻȻ˱仯״Ķ뵽Լڽ֪ûлٵõǸԼٶ
ڶ졣
Ÿ뿪˼˳Уڰ׺һȻһһռͰͣȻŸ뿪˰׺С
һ·ǲͣսҲͣػ;кܶĳʬ屻Ұ޿ʳĲƲŸѾֲ֣ÿζٵɾѸٵȥ
һǽ̫ƽУһ̫ƽУ˾ɫ䡣ǿһƬӣһһ׶೤ļ׳档
ĿѸٵŴ⿴ȥĿһʮߵĴ¥
ͯսȥǸ¥
ͯսһţǸ¥ɳ۶ȥ˹ؽ˴жǹļ׳档

ļ׳ŷ۵糸ܶ׳ѾʼȻܶ׳治ϵر˦ȴʮֻ˳
ꡭĲ׳ǰ顣
ꡭҲһѷ졣
ա
Ÿ˳˿ͯս֮⣬㶼ʼ׼һֻֻ׳С
顭
̥׳ƣһҡΣ¡һˣŽֵһǽ˹ȥ
䡭ײ˶ǽ֮ϡ
ա
һ߾׼һߴĳ˳
ըĵӷ򣡡ȵ
ಡſűը˳ȥ
ա֧ǹ档
䡭
˿űըĵӷļ׳죬һƬ֫⣬ըһͨ
ߣ
ŸһţһһʮߵĴ¥ȥʱҪԭƻǸ¥Ѿˣֻžһ¥ȥ
¥ҲͰԶŸ˵ʵͣЩ׳Ȼܶ࣬ȴûļ׳ڡŸ˺ܿͳ˴¥
ǵıļ׳׷˹еļ׳ųǵ˴ţеǰ㻮ֱ˳ǽϷȥ֮ǽ϶ǽڣѾǽڣ㶼ļ׳档
ϣ̨
һ߻ͷţһ˳¥̨ϼٱȥ
ܿ죬Ÿ˾ͳ嵽̨֮ϣʱǵĺҲļ׳档
վ̨֮һҲһŽÿ಻ʮ׵ľ룬ÿĸ߶Ҳͬ
ʮ׵ľ룬ڳǷԾȥͲ⡣˵ЩУߣͯսξľ磬ҪԽʮ׵ľҲڻ¡

һ̨ıԵɱһߴȡ̨ܵıԵҽ̨Եһ̤αȥ
ʯȰ˸ˣһ̨Ծڿųһߡ
顭
ʯȾŸԾ˶¥̨֮ϣͷȥ¥̨֮ļ׳۾ǣҷһ֡˻˻
վ̨Եͷ·ȥ¥ļ׳ǴʱվŵĴ¥˹
ߣ
ͷһ߱˹ȥʯҲ˳˼ַ֪ѵ˦Щ׳ķ
顭
Ÿһ̨˳ȥڿлһĻŶ̨ȥ
ಡӿա
顭䵽˶̨֮ϡ
顭ಡ
Ÿ˲ͣطԾһ̨һ̨֮ϣͣԶӶȥܿʧټü׳治ò׷ٳȾŸˡ
ȾŸһԽ˾˵ʮ̨֮ϡ̨֮ͣϣѸٵ˳ȥ
һżգһԭϢ
Ÿһƨ̨ϣһսȻʱ䲻ǿȴǾԵĸߡʶľҪĻҪ۸⡣
ҪҸͯս侲˵
˵ͷȡҹԶһ˹ȥصҲ׷ȡҹԶŲͬķȥ
ӳߡӱͻȻ
̵ת˷ӱķ˹ȥԶǿھԼҵķĸһͬСţǰͬĹ䴦һֻŽ׼׳ҡͷԵſšѸٵͬΧȥΧûļ׳棬̽Զ
ߣ
˳¥·ɱȥŸ˵ʵٶȼ죬ܿһ¥沢ûдļ׳棬ֻ׳ſڴĽֵм΢΢ҡͷϵӡ


374 ǽԳ
Ҫǹ
˵֪һǹܻܿļ׳档ĵ߳˴š
ಡ
ɽڿлͬ׳档˲佫׳ͷ­飬漴˳ȥɽ˲ɻرһץסһɽʧ
Ѹٵĺͬɱȥʯ˽
ಡ
ķɽͣڿ;Ǽ׳һһϢɿؽӽǸͬ
顭
ͬڴ˼һزҽУӰ˲ں֮ͬСֻΧһֻ׳棬ֻ׳һֻǰϲһ˵ʬ壬Ǽ׳ǰֻһ˦㽫Ǹʬ˦˳ȥ
ʱеĸӷֱ˼׳档Ǽ׳ӲĳǸûֳһ˿ۡƾͨ˵еĸӸͶƷ׳ɲһ˺
˻˻
Ž׼׳淢˻ֻǰͬһزָĴ󺺣ۿ󺺾ҪɥǸ׳ֻǰ֮¡
ಡ
ɽͬͻȻ֣ꡱ˼׳ֻǰ˼׳ͷ­ֻ׳ϰصˤڵϡ
ٺĴ󺺴͵ͻȻӺͬڳֵĳ꣬ǵҰֿ˰˸Բʷľ˳ڳٶȼ죬ȴû˿뺷Ϣÿ˵ɢ𾪵ǣȺлһߴѩǡ
ջɽ˳ȥȻ󺺵ȵߣ
ͷһͬ˹ȥʯȰ˸ҲѸٵж໥һۣҲ
һֳͬһ֡У󺺿ǰǸ˲ǵͷųɽͬһؽǰǼ׳ɱһ¥
ͣ˳¥ͣƿ̨Ĵųȥ
ಡ
һ⼤һɽռ̨һŽ׼׳ɱʱͣ˽Ųû˿̨ϡ
İ˸ҲڵϣȴϰԵؽ󺺰Χм䡣ȡӸ󺺣ȻԼҲȡһ˺ʯҲӱȡһĬĬس
󺺵ɫһ£̶Сʰɣ᲻ϵ䶯ȴֻǴһ˷ųԣ
һ߳һеıɣ̾ϢһԼڴʳƷѾûˡһ·ϲϵطַʯˣĵü졣Щֲڵֲﻹûг죬һ·ҲȥеĳУﲻѾһգǱصռݣеĶѾռݵĸɾ
Ѿյıɺӵ˵ϣм󺺣ʱҲѾһбɣ˹ɫ̱ýš
˵˵̫ƽе
󺺶һۣһʮݴ󺺿˵ĴǼ׳棬е˼Щ׳ɱˡ
΢΢üͷ˼˵ﶼǼ׳棬ûҰޣ
ǡҲǡǸݴ󺺵տʼһЩҰޣǴԼĩսʮ֮󣬱ĸԳӣǼ׳棬ǸָĳӡЩӺܿͰЩҰɱߣװռ̫ƽС
û뿪̫ƽУ֪̫ƽ𣿡ʵҪ֪̫ƽͨеķ״Ρ˴ҵѲԶЩӣ֪йе
û뿪̫ƽУǸݴҡͷ
ʧҡҡͷ󺺳һʵôܵϣ
󺺱һȻջǸݺ˵ҵĶӸղˣȥеһҽԺȥһҩ
˵Ǹݵĺų۾ͻȻһͨһڳǰ٣æֻҪ֧ͷߣ
ͨͨҲ˳ǰ
һüëһҽ
ǣԭеһҽԺҽ
΢΢üͷһ£ĩս֮󣬴󲿷ֳѾ䣬󲿷ֵҩҲķˣһͨҩҲƱسΪϡȱ֮
ܹһЩʹһЩɣ
Ǹݺ˵ͷҿ԰㣬ҽԺĵصĵ˵
ݺдϲǰ˼ڳǰָ̨һ߻һ߽š
̨ϻ˻ҳһƽͼܿس˳ǰԳľܿؽͼӡԺУеһҽԺͼڳԺпٵγɡ
ﻹг𣿡
Уݺӵ۾һǸлӦŴʳ
ţоһ㶣㼱ʵ˵ģ
ǸݺͷġĩͻȻ٣ǸоͱһȺҰռʱҲҪռǸУȴҰȫɱǣͱӿĳӽҰ޸ߣռǸУﵱϳҰ޻ǳƺЩʳƷûжȤǵȤֻࡣԣǸӦûŴʳƷ

˷˷ܵĲҵһʳƷܹջһΣҪ֪ڽȱʳǻȱΡ
̫ƽĳУͼ
ܿǸݵĺӾͰѳеλû˳ס˵ͼ֮󣬱Ǹݵĺӵһȥһ䣬ȶǻ
໥һۣʱﻹѡȨΨеͷ


375 ʬ
̨վһʯ˵жɣ
ʯȰ˸Եվһ˺̨ܿһ䣬ȻŸĵ뿪¥δһֵϡ
Сʱ֮󣬳꼸еһҽԺĶ棬΢΢üͷֵϾȻûһֻӡ
СģЩԣ
ʯҲһݣʱҲʶЩԣ̫ˣûһ˿ΧȻһֻӶûС߶ص˵ͷȻ˽еǹ
ߣ
ȻΧûһֻӣҲͲԼΣǹеһҽԺĴȥ
顭
һŽҽԺĴ߿󲽵˽ȥ
߽˴֮󣬳ͣס˽Ųһر۾˳ȥ
ȻûзʲôΣգΪһƷ߼ľߣΧĻоʮģһɭϢҽԺƮš
۾Ŀ¶ʮֵؾ衣ĵΪǸݺӾҽԭ򣬴ʱѾĻʮϤ
˾ֱҽԺĿⷿȥҽԺǳغڰܾռֻǻصžŸ˵ĽŲ
Űǹ˾ŵǰͨͻȻͣס˽Ųİ˸Ҳס˽Ųŵȵǰǰĺڰɢǰȡ
Ÿ˵Ѹٵһ㼦Ƥһβ˳żӣͷƤʼ顣
ǵǰŵپ۽һŷŮվǵĶ棬ͷһͷǰ棬סӡ
ǸŮҲͷԲɢɭϢͳոս뵽ҽԺڸܵϢһģһ
ͬҲǾվﲻԲʯӳ̤ǰһȵ˭ﻹлŵ𣿡
ǸŮӻ̧ͷַֿ̧˴ǰĳ¶һŲ԰׵ݡȴǲ˵һ˫۾޹⡣
֨֨
ߵķű򿪣߳ˣŮһޱųˡ
̤̤̤
﷢صĽŲŷЩӲرƽ˹ڴʱϵзű򿪣߳һŷˡ
ʯҪ̤ǰȴһץסͬʱͷȥߵķڱ򿪡
ߣ
ȵ̴ʱ·˶ȥ

ȻֵЦŸȻͷǵҰУ˱ǼŷȻſ˴췢ˡǵȻĺɫģĴָСļ׳棬ͬһų˻˹
ʬ棡д󾪣ܣͬһӹȡ
飡
ͯսոӹһţǵžͻȻ򿪣һŷŮչ˫ͯս§˹
飡
ͯսһǹǸ˵Դϡ
顭
Ǹ˵ԴȻһǹ򱬣Ǳͷ­ĺɫʬ棬ͬһźһͯս
ܣܣܣ
ͯսȣûǰȥ
֨֨
ϣڳ˵ǰϵзű򿪣һԱ˴ӷ˳ȾŸ˱ǰ
˵ĽŲһ٣ɫ䡣ǲ;޴ҰޣǶССʬȴΪ
С׳ĸʤࡣǻϵĿȥȻڵٳԵþ⣬ڶʬ棬ȻǾͻڿ塣ʱ֮Ķʬ档
ʬΧǷʤֻҪһֻʬڣͻһڵһ߲ϵµļ׳棬䷱ֳǿСʱʱ䣬ͻ徫Ѫ֮ʬ档
֪ԼŸû׼֮£޷սʤЩʬ档һĿһҲһŵǹŵģֻѾڿʼ򿪡
顭
̧һţ߷ɣһŷʬײɣֱǽϡ
ܣ
˲˷䣬Ŵճײ˹ȥ
顭
ӽײϡãѾ˳ȥԺ档ӰͬһشĴڴ˳
Ÿ˸ͲͣǰΧǽٵرȥΧǽ棬顱ŶأӥһԾֱԾΧǽŽֵ汼ȥ
ֱܵ˶棬Ÿ˻ͷһûмʬ׷ǲһһƨ˵ϡ
˵ֻôһǵжġǾϵļȽżӾǵġΣһֻƣ
ӳô죿
ӵվ΢˼һµȥС
ã
Ÿµػͷһۣ͸¶һ˿塣Ÿ˵ѸٵȥСʱ󣬾Ÿ˳Ǹжһ¥̨ϣ·ĳȥ
ĳһ¥ʱеĴſſֻ׳棬ֻ׳һǾŽףֻ˽ס
ֻŽ׼׳ͨɫжʮ׳ֻ˽׵ļ׳ͨɫʮ׳ҡ
ԸǸŽ׼׳棬ǶԸ˽׵ļ׳档
ǹȡ˴ڡ˸Ҳ˲ãʯ壬أӱ诶Ըߵİ˽׼׳档·˹ԪͯսԸұߵİ˽׼׳档Ÿſ̨ϣǹڶ׼˳дſڵֻ׳档
Ԥ򣡡ȵ
顭
ա
ںǹͬʱ泬дſڴ׳滹δüͱС
ǹ˲ͣϢʯ˾ſ̨֮ųдȥʱĵعȥһӵʱȥˣɾĵģûļ׳
ȥ


376 ɨ
˵˳¥·ȥ¥ڵļ׳ʱѾԾŸ˺ܿرһ¥Ĵ򿪴ţŶĳ˹ȥ
˳еĴſڣ͸ȥʱǴŵĲѾûˣֻſԴҺܹе档
ڳеܹżʬ壬ЩʬͷһѪ嶼ģƺʬ涫׳ߡ
ЩӶѾڵϣܶʳƷһأ׳ĶЩʳƷûʲôȤкܶɰڷĻǵҰУȴûпһֻ׳档
ѵֻдſֻ׳棿԰ǸݵĺӲ˵ѾΪ˼׳ϳ𣿼Ȼϳôֻֻ׳棿
һƣȻŴڵһ˽ȥʯ˽߽˳СͯսȻͣ˴ŵһﵣξ䡣
˸˼˽Ųʯ߸˽ǹϵĹ˳С꽫ȫչ˷ԲǧסȻɫһ䣬ľпһŻӺһֻֻ׳棬ƷȻߣֻһ׺ͶףҲһ׵֮䣬ࡣ
ڳľɨ£һǧֻ׳档
Сģܺм׳档
ʯ˵˵ͷ˵ӱȥм׳¥ϳҪ赲ȡһ¥׳ʱ䡣
ǣӳ
˸һʼжӱŲݿѸٵıжȥ꣬ʯ壬أ·˹ԪѸٵɢһӵĵڡ
ա
ʱѾǹԸһ׵׵ļ׳Ͳôڣеǹȫá

ļ׳ӻ֮Ĺг˳ų˹ǳ˲ǲͬͨˣǿǿѪߣƷ͵ߣǾеľӢһżḻս顣Ҫ֪ǿɱһصߣԸЩСļ׳׾١
ǸͲЩ±ɨ䣬ɿص䣬׼ص䣬ûһֻ׳ܹ׷Χڡ
ϣ
귢˲ڹǿʼż׳ƽ˹ȥһһؿʼɨ
ա
ڳɨһļ׳֮ʱӲݿڴ˼ҵǹڲݳļ׳棬Щ׳ȻĽ׵ļ׳档
ӱɫ򶨵ǹŲݿڣܼļ׳ͨ˿رͨŮӿ²ü׳ǣǾѾŵû˹ȥӱȴͬеǹ׼ոһ׳ӵļ׳ڲ֮ϡ
ӿٶȣȵ
ѸٵؼӿٶȣǹĵӵܼСʱʱ䣬ȫһеļ׳棬ľȫķſһڼٵӶšһȡһڵĸʳƷһѰǷлŵļ׳棬֮̽նɱ
ʯת˲ݷȥǵʵͲǰЩ׵Ľ׵ļ׳档ǻӱ֮󣬱㿪ʼӷתΪŲ濪ʼƽ
ʯ˵ĽŲ̤˵ڶʱ򣬳ѾһеʳƷսſռ䡣һҪǸʳƷϺ֮ĸֵζƷʳ껹ڵһҵⷿŸʳʳƷ֮ĶȫսС
кվڴſڵͯսŵڶȥͯսڵڶĲݿںӱ读ǳ˵ڶ㡣
ڶһЩʳƷֻ͵һ㲻ͬźܶ̾ࡣɱ֮УЩƷƷ֮ļ׳棬˾ͬǵĿǣѸٵɱǡ
ڳɱȥͬʱ¥ʼһЩ׵׵ļ׳棬ڲݿڵӱ诺ͯսҵؿЩ׳档
¥ļ׳ԭҪһ¥ЩڿʼʱֱӱһЩκķʱҪһЩЩĽ׵ļ׳ڳ˵һ׵ļ׳ûʲô
ԣλѵʱ仹ʮӵʱѾ¥ļ׳ʯ̵תݿڣӱ˻ϣ¥ƽ
ǿʼռ¥ĶĶܿ죬ȫչǱֵĶ֮£ѸٵսС
ȻѸٵ˲ݴʯ˻¥ƽ¥ļ׳͸ˣֻֻңų˽Щ׳ƽ¥Ѿʣ˲ٶֻŸڶ̶̵ʮʱȫ
ʧǣ¥ѾûʳȫһЩװЩװѾ׳˺÷飬һֵûС
ȥ¥
Ÿ˷¥ȥյϻ̨ͼʮֻ߽׵˽׵ļ׳˹
Ÿеǹ׼ʮֻ׳˲ͱŸ𣬴ǳ¥ľѸٵչЩɡһ㲻вһֻ׳棬Ȼ߽׺Ͱ˽׵ļ׳棬ǶڳŸûʲôвûǹ诺ͯս鷳еǹЩ׳潫⣬Ҫ֪еЩǹƷߵΪȥ̽磬ѡеǹˡ
һӵʱ㽫¥ļ׳һɶ˵ȴ¶ʧĲжһЩõҪҵһߵ綼ҲһЩߵҵ硣
Щҵĩеĳ˸û˿áʯΧڳΧĿ¥


377 ҽԺ
ӳ¥ûм׳ҪҪȥ
ҡҡͷӦǾŽ׵ļ׳棬¥Ӧǳеİ칫ңҪĶȻǵеռĿǰûеط磬õһһǽʡһЩǳɣ
ŸѸٵس˳УȻڳжʱ䲻̣ұһƬǹȴûļ׳
̧ͷһ۳е¥һļ׳棬ﵱأʹļ׳治ǰ

ʱ򣬳¥һȴͻȻײ·һ޴ͷ­Ӵ˳ŽֵϵĳŸˡ
׳棡
ȣǾһ˲䣬Ǹ׳ѾӴڽͷ˳ô¥˳ʮ׳צųŸ

¥ϵĴͣصÿһڴһֻֻŽ׼׳棬ӿųȾŸ
ʵǸ׳ʯ˲ûжвΪһУѾԻɱˣοǵﻹǹԣ˲ңһŶֵĺţһſ˻ļ׳š
ӿ˻ļ׳沢࣬Լֻʮֻ֪׳ʵ൱һУߡһֱԼʵΣѾУ۷壬Ҫ֪ԼʵǲǿԺһϸ¡
ҪǸ׳棬ң
䣬Ĵڵһ塣
䡭
·磬ԳĽΪĴѣͬһ֩һ˷ӡ
һĺγֻ˲䷺˽Ĺͬӭ˴ӿ˻׳档

ײӿӿֺֻ׳ǰһǣ׳𣬶ͬһ׹䡣
䡭
ĴٴڵݺһɣͻȻһٴ˿еļ׳档
˻
еļ׳淢һ˻ֻǰͬ񱳿ɽų
ûкͼ׳ӲƴǽŽһס˼׳ǰһξڿзһĻߣԾ˼׳ĺ󱳣Ȼ˫ֺݺݵż׳Ĵͷȥ
ۡ
˫ֲ׳ͷ­Ȼ˫һ֡
ꡭ
׳˶ͷ­ر˺룬ҺĴɡ
顭
˫Ѿȥļ׳һ壬γ𣬶ֻ׳޴Ǽӿٶŵ׹䡣
顭
еĳŽֻŽ׼׳Դ顣
䡭
ֻ׳޴׹ڵϣҳһӡһ˲䣬ĿҰҲʯ˵Ѫξ诺ͯսɶǹս֮⣬µսԱ׷׽ǹӱ˸ԵıɱѾӿ䵽ϵľŽ׼׳档
һսȫеѹͷ˳ȵʮ֮󣬽еļ׳涼ɱ֮󣬳̲ס쳤ХǳХеսԶļ׳һɧЩηͷ˳һߣ볬нϽļ׳̲סźȥ
Х価̧ͷ˳е¥ȥɣ¥Ѿûм׳ˣҲ¥ҪĶ
Ӱ³˳УѸٵ¥ȥ
¥һ칫ң˵ǾȻһ칫ҵһȻپûʲôֵóҪˡ
Ÿ˴¥˼ͰȻڰ׾ƣƿӴ򿪣ȻľƵͰͰĸšϣȻսС
Ȼ֪񾩳ĴоΣ׾ĶһѾΪƷʮǮһƿͨ׾ơԣ᲻ýЩ׾ƵͰڡ
ʯһֱųæ֪Ҫʲôֱæ֮󣬲ָŵϵľղƿ˵ÿһ䣬ȥͣһЩ͵
ʯһ㶣̶Ȼӳ㻹ȥҽԺ
ȥȻҪȥĩ֮УҩƷһʮϡȱ֮ǵȻǲҪЩҩƷǵļҪ
ʯɫһ㶣ȷʵû뵽һ㣬رʯͯսļͥͲ뵽ճ顣ڿصȼ˾͸ⷽˣǼҾһӱɫû˿仯ƺѾ뵽Щ
Ÿһ˱һƿ¥ȥھװʱ˳ּһЩѾ׳˺ѵ·
ܿ죬Ǿ˽ֵϣʼڽֵԷĳѰͣܿǾҵ˼͵ĳŸ̿ʼ͵
һСʱ
ŸվеһҽԺĴſڡԺнͨҽԺⷿĵͼĻһ飬Ȼתͷİ˸˵ٶȳⷿҪ˿ͣ
ǣӳ
˸˶ʶʬĿֲʱӦǵûǹһֻ첲װ͵ӣһڳеõĴ
顭
ײҽԺĴţȻչͳ˽ȥĺʯȰ˸ˡ
ܿǾʹ˵һ¥뵽˵ڶ¥ⷿڵڶ¥ľͷ
֨֨
ǵ࣬вԶǰϵŴ򿪣һ˳ǳͬһǵԹιûеǴ߳Ѿ˹ȥ

һſͬһغɫ׳棬ڳ˵ıɿ׷˹
֨֨
ϵзŴ򿪣ǳѾ׼ҳѾ˵Σǵٶȷǳ죬ЩǰķŸոմһ϶ǾѾ˹ȥ
׷ļ׳ԽԽ࣬ϣߵǽϣϡڳŸ˵Ѿ棬ǽں·һ䶯ĺɫϵǰһУųŸɶ


378 Ǽ
˸ڳĴ¼ٵҽԺͨڱţʬٶȻ죬Ǻͳ˱˺ܶࡣʬǵ̫࣬ǿԺ谭ڣȻһ߳ڲ٣һʬ档Ҳ˵һ˱ʬΧҲΨ·һ
ͨľͷڳУһźبǵǰһţҲ
ʯ壬أȡ
ʯͿͻȻ٣ͳ粢磬ͬʱּ͵ֵĴŵ˶һ߱ܣһ߽Լֻۡŵĸǰֻǰźݺݵغȥ
䡭
ǰźȻ˲˽ȥʯͿǶס˽Ųתͨװ͵ӷŵϣһȡһ͵Ŵ
ʱսԱҲ뵽ⷿڣӷŵ˵ϣ׼Ͷ׼
ɳɳɳ
ܼͨëȻܿ죬ʬͳ˵ҰС棬ߵǽڣϾĺɫʬ棬еĵ棬ǽںͬһ޴ĳſڵĴʯɶ
Щʬм䣬֮ͨڣһŲŷʬҡҡλεʯʱſźɫʬ档

ʯȰ˸˴˴дܶ
ȼе͵ϵĲ
ಡ
˸͵ǰĵ棬ߵǽںͶ˹ȥ
䡭
ͨγһƬ𺣣ͨˡžžȼʬ
浲ס˺ɫʬ棬ܹʬ淢ˡ˻˻ȴ޷ͻƻ档
ʯ˵ɫһɣǽһֻӻһϴŲŷʬӻд
ʱǵѾȼֻҪһ棬ǵͷ­ͻ̱ѿȻӲǻӿĺɫʬ棬ʯ
ӣ
ಡ
ǰ˸͵˳ȥһγһЩɫʬ档ǣʬӻ˳Ȼͷ­ѣĺɫʬ棬ʯ
ʯһһεӳ͵Ѿʼӳſڵ͵ɫʬһƽѾס
ӳû͵ˣ곯ĳ󺰡

洫˳ű顱ڵʯ˽һƿ͵˳ȥ֮ų귢ĵطɱȥ
·֮ⷿѾչһգǵǰŴڣĶ棬һǽڱһ󶴣¶ڵԺ䡣
ಡ
ȾӰƶд˳ȥڳĴŶΧǽȥ
ɳɳ
ҽԺĴ¥ڳĺɫʬ棬ųӡ
ԣ
ӣͬˮһųӶ
Ÿ˲˿ͣٶ˼ޡ
ಡ
Ÿͬҹеľ飬ԽΧǽŶȥȻ˿ͣʱķ񱼶ȥ
Ÿܵһ̨ϻͷȥûкɫʬ׷һ̨ͨͨϣڴڵشŴﶼûôǱ
϶ҧ𣿡ͯս૵˵
ǰ̫ˣʯһ¶ͷϵĺˮ
ҲЩͳǲǿʱ򣬶Ҫ
껰һ䣬˶Ĭϵɫءص߽£һ̣ʶ˵Ѿ˼Σ
ӳʯų꣬ɫЩԥջǿʵǲӵһԪռ䣿
ɫһ㶣Ȼ磬ǻǲ֪ǸԪռ䣬Ҳ֪羿ǲһԪռ䡣
ɫʯ˳˼ɫ˵ӳģԶ˵ܣ
Ҳǣ
Ҳǣ

˸˷׷˵Ȼûж䷢ģֻ˵Ҳ˵ܣǳȴǡ
һ·ǻԵĲսǽΡ΢΢һ£ⴢռ鲢ϡ棬ѵѾвӵֶĿɨ˸ˣֻʯͿһڴų꣬һãȻбȻʲôԪռҲǸ߶ȵĻܣֻּб˲Ż֪ǳ˵Ҳ֪㲻Ԫռ䣬ֻżȻõһȻżȻ֮ĪؾͿӵһռ䣬Ҳ֪ǲǴԪռ䡣ʯ壬Ԫռʲô
ʯųֳ꣬һ˿̾ڸ̾ĺˣ֯һԵִԪռǹҴӵõǷзֵģǷУǷ־Ȼһȫ߸֪ʶĶһֺСĶȴӴĿռ䣬СҲһͨСһôǷɴеĺܶණǷִԪռ֮ڡһȫµļѧΪռ似ִռΪԪռ䡣ҹõЩԪռһڿѧоϣܹƽּһһЩҪ
ǡѾƽ𣿡ڴʵѾƽˣԼӵһռҲûʲôΣˣϡȱһЩ
ʯҡͷûУֿռ似Ϊӣ˵ҹֻһЩĽչ
˵Ŀ˿˵֪ûȫּ


379 
ҡҡͷûƽҲ֪Ҽս֮ǰûƽֿռ似
ʯͷȻ˳ӳֿռ似ûƽ⣬ʮϡȱ֮ʹѾƽ⡣ԣԺǲҪǰ¶ܣᱻġ
صͷʱȴǲͬɲֻô󣬶滹֪ʯ˵ִԪռǲҲܹ
ܹǾͺԼ粻һԼӵظ߼
ҲܹʣΪһʣʯ˾ͻ֪ĿռִԪռ䲻ܹʯǸӵغ棬ѱֺǲǻᷢչ졣
Ĭһ̨վ߰ɣȥǸһЩҩ֮Ҳ뿪ˡ˽ʬ棬ǵļˡ
Ļһ䣬ҵɫһ䣬һ̨վ˳¥·ȥ
Сʱ󣬳Ÿ˻صݺӶصǸ䣬꽫Ѿ׼õҩݸǸݵĺӣָһЩ׼õʳƷŸ뿪ⶰ¥
Ѱһһҹ֮󣬴¶΢֮£뿪˴¥ֿʼڽѰܹȻһһռͣʻжжȥ
һ·ϣǿҵĳѾҵΪӦĺڰ硣
ĳѾЩûΪɱͬʱҲɱͬࡣ
ΪһɣԺԥؽߵɱЩûȴɱʳʼĿߵ࣬ʼɱˣ˵硣
һ·ϣҲϵرϮͣ𻵡ʱںڰ֮Уʱҵ˳ͳ˳С
һ·ϣɱͬʱҲɱˡ
ΪǵĲҲ࣬óǵӵص䡣
ĩգ
ļѣеµɥ
ֹһࡣ
һ⡣ۼŴ˼ǿ˼̵ķ£б档ǽ΢ͨԶ˾ӡ
ʱз˷Ľɽڵǹ
ŸԶԶضһߵϣԶۿԶҵսǶ֮ѾòˡЩǿĴڣȻܹӿǿĹ
еܹ𵯣еܹ
ڻ໥˺ڰ磬ĹСʱңһĳХУ￪ʼغˡ̽Զת˳ХǾԶó˿
ʶʼĳĸоХܿһʼ
ظȫͬˮһ£Ȼ˷ɢȥܿӰ١ֻɢĴε
˴ʱѾھװͨ˵··ϴҾͨ˵ݳֱ֣뵽֮ʯͯսص˼ң֮پǷָ˵ݡ
ϾʱȫһģҲ֪ǵͳ˧ǲܹصľܹطľ֪ԼŸ˵ǲ֪Ρ
ĬĬİǹݸ˳꣬꽫Щǹս磬ͬʱҲԼŽ硣ÿֻǹϱŸԵ
߰ɣ
˸ߵأƷȥʯҲŸԵͳվһѵͣƽ
ʱ֮Ϊڻ˺ܶ棬ԭڰĿռһǰţһ߻Ĵš
֪ͻȻðһȺȺˣȥԼԼӦһٶ˵ӡЩҲӦǴӲͬĵطͶж
𡭡
ֻ﷢ȺֱżȺ˹ֻȮųŸ˳˹
ٶȼ죬ֻ˸ɭĹâ

ʱȺдĲҽ֮ȥһЩ߻㼯
塭
һȻӿٶȣһѾӹһȮһѪ쭳ֻȮ˼˵ϡͬʱڳһʯһӹһֻȮʺŸѸٵп񱼶ȥ
ûȥЩȺһ·ҲˣЩڱ˾֮󣬾Ȼ˰ɱˣȡǱ˼
ŸնɱѸݺͱܵٶзºľ˿һ¶֮ɫ
Щ˴󲿷ֶͨˣ˵׺ݺѸݣ֪̾ǲͨˣĩ֮ӿֳߡ
ھʱѾӿһߣʱڷµĺߣЩ߶žٵĽɫЩųŸ˵ӰǸоŸ˾ԲͨߣҲϵȱʵ
ʱôûǴħǴũܳľûоУֱžǳˡԣʱڵ߶Ǻͨߵ紫ĻѪ
̶̵ʱڣڿѪߴ󲿷ֻͣµȱĵȼŵҲеȱĵȼǿ˱ǻҪȻΪϵȱҲ뵽Ÿʵ͵Ҳξߡ


380 
վ̨ϵĴ˾֣購ųȾŸ˽ýˣתһԵĸ˵־ϧһдŸˣȥ
ǣ˾
־Ҵҵش̨ȥʱȾŸѾɱ˷µĴǰ
ʱµĴѾ򿪣һȺǹʵʿվڴŵԣһó嵽Ŵ˽룬һʱų
ʱŸѾ˱УŴȥǵһɱŴˣЩʿղŶ˳ŸͣŸ˵Ŀⶼ¶𾴡һʿģһ೤뿪˵ȴĿһɨֻȻ˵
Ÿ˾ٲ˴ţȥδ߳ԶһȵȣǰľŸȵȣ
Ÿ˻ȻͷȻŲƶѸٵذڳһйͣһڳһɱ͸
ܱߺǸ־ԭһ־ڳŸͳ˲䣬Ųһ٣ɫһæ˫ڵҪᣬ˾Ҫ㣡
΢΢üͷλ˾˼׼ﳤסǲܼ뵽ľǱҡҡͷԲǺܿͻ뿪Ͳˣ
ǡ
־Ҫ˵ǳѾתͷʯ˿˵ߣ
䣬ŸɢȥͣѸٵȥֻ˲ʧںڰ֮С
־վǳ˵ٶ̫ˣûеȵӦѾʧټݺݵһţ̨ȥ
̨ϣδȵ棬֣購üͷأ
־ɫӵ˵ˡ
ˣ֣購üëһ
Һ˵˾Ҫǣ˵ãܿͻ뿪桭Ͳˡ
֣購һ˫Ũüһšȵˣ
ǡͻȻˣǵٶ̫졭

ŸѸٵؽ뵽УڽֵͺͬڴţǵԼҵıܿŸ˾վǸǵվڱǰʱɫȴǴ䡣
ʱΪһƬ棬Գһ֪˴Ĺͬʱǹ񵯱Ƶĺۼлڵĺۼ
ʾ֪ĩս֮ҲӦô˴Ǳ˳ȥ˷¡
ǣԼĸĸأ
ѵһƬˣ
㶵վˮ̲ס̶ض˵ϡ
ӳʯ彫ַŵļϣ⡭ļң
ǣЩʧ˵
˵ϣ˸ĬĬվڳһιдѪȵζ
ͻȻվĬĬûзţʯ˶һۣĬĬظ˳
ȫʧȥ˽࣬˫ĿʧڴţߵĲЩҡҡλΣ·˿˳״̬ų󱳱ŵľƷֳ̰֮ɫǵǿʯ˵ʱϨе̰ʯȰ˸Ŀͬصɨǣηصˡ
ա
ھ겻ԶһСڴǹһӰСĵس˳Ӱÿ˵жһѳǹȳǸɨȥ
˾С̫ˣǹӵɱ˳ˡһɲǣ걾ܵؽ弶չͬһƬưƮ˳ȥͬʱǹѾǹͬʱʯ˵˫Ҳ֪ʲôʱǹǹ
ʱǳݣһӵʱ䣬˾ͽǹСڵĸµˣеĳǹѾ䵽˱𴦡
ɫ΢ЩѣĿ΢תһˣǸոմСȳˡ
Ǹż򣬳ָѪĿЩˡ
ǣֻǵĮؿһۣз·ʧһǰȥȥķǸҼ˵ˡ
Ǹԭǳ裬Ȼ򣬵Ѿʱ׼߳ȥ
ǣųӰԽԽ˳кɣ·һʧһ㡣
Ŀųȥȴ˰˫ͬһһ䵽˼㣬·˴ͷϽһͰˮ
Ŀⲻһоʯ˸˵ǿͬʱҲ˸ղųݺֿһ۳꣬ͲΪʲôղǸݺʧ
ʱĵ΢ǰĳûд˼ڳİ˸ȻĿȴǾζɱ⡣
ʱҰУǰ˸ͻȻֳĸӵСڣѸٵؽ֧ǹϣȻѸٵؽǸ˵һ顣
ĸʬѳ̺һбɣһɿȻĸ˲Żص˳󣬼ųĬĬǰš
ѾߵԼߣҪǸɫɫԥһ£ջǿ˵л
ĽŲһ٣ĿЩãȻ˹İ˸ĿصǸӡ
ǸӸоԼҪϢʱ򣬶ʯȰ˸Ŷֵļ֮ʱãȻһ˿⣬촽еֵл
İ˸ɫһϲȻ꿪ʼ˵ˣ֤Ӵ˳ǸӼҪ뿪㼱æ˵Ǹղ￪ǹɱ˷ǳΣգᱻץģǻǸ߰ɡ
ʯ˸Ŀ˳꣬굹νص˵ͷʱǾһжν
ߣ
ǸӼͷʱǸС˻ȥҲʯȰ˸һۣεؽ˺档


381 
Сľͷһ¶ǽǸӯ˹ȥҲӯԽǸӴųרС߹հ˹յһС˳
ʱǸӵɫ΢滺ŲҲƫͷŸĳ˵ҽɣôƺ
꣡ʱĳѾָǣֻд˱ʹ
˽ֵʱ䣬ѾߵһһĴ¥ǰʱһЩڴ¥ڽɻȵشкɣˣ
ǣ壡
߽¥ڣȡԿ״˵һһţȻԳ˵ɣ
Ƿɶ𣿷ɶˣ洫һϵ
裬һˣ
ɼӿ˽Ų߽ݣҲ˹ȥĴһϵŮˣɶֿˣ
ţѣ˵裬úţҸ
ȻͷԳʹһȻųԳ˵һȥŪԵģ
äˣ꿴Ǹˣ뵽Լĸĸһʹɿʵ
ǣɵֳʹࣺĩշʱ򣬱ЩҰ۾
ȡбɵݸɵø԰ɣȻϽ㴦һơ
ɵͷһƵû£ֻСˣԼܹʰ
ӹ˳ݹıɣһл߽֮ӣһɱ㷵˻˳Ķ档
ȻڳŸǰȥ³ƸǹϣȻһȻһӣ߾һһӵͷͱӵ˵ϣȻͼָһָðһƻ棬˿һ߾˻һƮɢһɿζ
Ŷɣʵʲô
ܣɵ˵ǻϵܣ
ܣ꾪ȵʵʲô
ɿЦҲ֪ʲôֻ֮ͻȻ
һһԵ˵еӵһһѣӵܡ
Ծſصˣ
УصͷŻҲУĩ֮ǰܴڵġ
ʯ壬ʯûֻصͷ
תͷŶɣʱѾ¡ʱǣһԵĹ֪᲻ܸӵ
ɲǳϹ룬ھŸϵĹֻ굱ûѡЩѡǳ
ǣҲֻ룬ʱɲ˽⣬ܽڸ
ĿɨˣܹŸгӦͷģգĿ⻹˳ϣ˵ǸոյУ
ǣͷܸ˵˵е𣿡
ɵͷ˼һµǽͷǳΣգĩǰĩպκһطŹǽ챻Ѳ߶ץܻܿᱻǹС
΢΢üͷĸôͿĿŵǹ׷ɱ㣿
ɵֳһ˿޵ǸǾˡ
ʲôǾˣ꾪ȵؿɡ
ҧ˵ƺ̫ˣߣûеȳʣԹԵ˵ԽˣԽоһٽĸǴ˾ǡ
ǰǾֲӵĶӳԽԼݵϷŮǸŮҵŮѣڼ֮´ȡ֮Ҿͱ飬Ůȴĸºʱˡ
ǸԽҵң׿ڸңŮץȻȼɱȻ˴ҵ֫Ҫһڴʹعһӡ
ң뿪֮ڵܾˣһָ壬˾޴
ǣ֪ԵԽһʲôˣһˣһһָ֮ȾǰѷȻ̴軻סҲû뿪УҪѰһɱԽ
Խ֪ܿҰߵϢҴȫָߵģûвзϣ㿪ʼĴѰҡ˴ܵ£ҵõң
ҲҵͬʱҲ֪һȥԴ쿪ʼΧʮǹڡ
Ҳ֪ȻܣҲסӵܹɱΣÿζʧܣһһβˡ
ֱĩս٣˷ҵõһλᡣϧֻûɱȻ˷߻űڵġ
Ӵ֮ͿʼѰңĩյĽҲӵĿŵѰңҪ׽ɱҾһĲɱĸ˾Խˡ
˵һ۳꣬˵Ǿ͵ûңҲûɱĸˣûзҲǣȻǿǺ;ԣֻ·һ
΢΢üͷ˵Ѿʵ˾ܣǾˣ
ǣҲǣɵĻЩìܣ֯һԵӦһǾֱ˺һЩ
˺ͼ
ǣɵͷĩյ֮ҲŷһֱһЩڣֻһֱصúܺãû¶ǵʵƺ֪ĩ٣Ҳ֪Ѫ֮Եĩս֮ʾǿʵ


382 Լ
˵ֳһ˿ӵеߵĵȼ˵ȻȾǿоӵеʵߵҲϵȱЩоȻӵٽߣ⻹ֻ¶ģ֪ʵжǿ
˾ͱȽϸˣЩ˶ĩ֮ͨߵ֪ĿѪ֮ȻʼտѪΪߡ
Щͨû˿ˣֻ·һ·Ǽһ·Ǽ
ҼǻֻǿӲֱ࣬ӱǽ̻С
ȻҲһζǿӲЩߺܸߵĵλʹԣվ󲿷ֵ߶˾ھѾθײľ١
ǣЩҲҰĵģھĩ֮ҲףԺЩߵġЩͨȻʱĴ󲿷ȨĩֹĻ绹ߡ
ԣǲվĿƣһˡھڵŽ;һЩ档Ȼڵ˻СǾҲòǡȫɱǲܣҪǵֿҲܹȫ˵˵˵ܸӣھԳһϵ
Ϊʲô˻߼Ӧû⣬Խ𡣡겻ɡ
ɿЦҡҡͷ˵ǲܵģڻСھֻܹһЩСϺ;ȡһ£ԽٽĸǸ˾ͶҲУЩ岻Ϊȥһ˾˵ɱҡҵͷԽ
ЩҲ֪ԽĶԹʵ
ҡͷֲʵԽô˵ȥһ֮δܹˡ
˵Ŀڳ꼸˵ɨȻ˵ѵҪеһ䣬Ҳ˳ҡͷ˵ȰǻǺúÿһ£Ǿ˺ͼźڰڣƫҪһʵĻҾûǼ˰ɡϾڽߵ硣
ʱɫȴһ֣ٷ壬Լȥƹִ֮ǰصʱ򣬾ǾǸٽ֣ٷӴ
ڳ뿪еʱ򣬽Լĸĸ֣ٷչˣҲĩսٵһ̣֣ٷͰԼĸĸˡ
ɫһļеҪ뿪ȴ֣ٷ塣ոմվȴȻ
ɿЦվ˵ҵˣżȻҾܣһֱҪҼǼ壬ѾһˣÿһܾһΡ
ǲ֪ݣ
֪
һ߻Ӧһߵſڣһװĸߴ˳ſڣʮִ׳Ŷϡ
ҽȥǸߴ׳˵
Բҽпˣɫ˵
Ǹߴ׳ĺӳһ£ںڰп˳ȼģӰ֪ûѣɫһѾҵѣ
ҵѲϲİˡɵЩӲ
Ǹӵɫһ̶ͣ¶εĿЦðɣǾ̸̸
䣬ǰһֽŹϡɵҲͬʱ¶һ˿ΣһźǸֵľ롣
ǿҾֱ˵ɡΪһֻҪϼңҽΪṩһϵҪ֪ϵܵʣһϵʵͻͽ
ĳʱѾ£Ǹߴ׳ӹɽǿ֪ɵĻȵ˵ϼԸΪṩһϵ궼оһ㶡ҿ˴Ǯ
Ҫ֪һЩͲʲôԣǷĹһЩתǧӵеԹҲ࣬һ
ҾȻܹó͸ɣɼɵӡ
ճƲ⣬лϵܵһϵؼһʵɻܹܾ
ɼңõⱾϵѸٵؽʵȥǸʱҲͲҪҵİƾǸʱʵܹɱԽѩޡ
ջ˾ܾ
رĩյ֮УرǶ޵ˣ
ſ˳ĬܹɵĺôأжȾŸҲ˶䣬Ҫջξ
ʱŹȥӣǸߴ׳ںڰѾ¶˵ЦݡǾʱȴɵл峤ĿأǡǸԼԭ򣬲ܹ롣
Ǹߴ׳ӸոոϵЦݾһһϵֲлԵҲо޴
ԼܹóȥҲԻһʵ벻ͨһ߻ϵ˾Ȼһϵģܾջ
㡭ղ˵ʲôǸӲŵһ䡣
ԲҲܹң
㡭ĲҪٿһ£Ǹߴ׳ӲĵȰֻҪңõǱϵ̾ͻõı䣬رǶ裬ѵͲ˼ҹһЩ𣿡
Ѿˣκһ塣ʱѾüᶨ
Ǹߴ׳´ɣղŵҡҡͷֳźǺðɣһر峤


383 ˾
ǸߺɽŹϣȻ˻ĬȻ¡ʳԼԻ󣺡ΪʲôңҵõǱϵʵͻͻͽȵǸʱҲͲҰæԼܹɱԽѩޡ
ɳĬһ˵ҼҵõǱϵҶɱԽѩޣǵǸʱҵҲƱع⡣һҲһҡ
˵ĿƵŶĳҸҹǾǶжȴңǾ塣Ҳܹ
βؿŶɣû뵽ĩ磬ҵʱɥʧʱȻ˼Լĵˡ
Լ͸һϵ뷨ϾԱʮִ֪óһϵڸɵĽʲôԻǶͷ
Լĸ飬վ˵֣ǻ£͸ˣ
⡭ǰ˫Щ˼˵ô˼ȴûʲôд
֣ͼˡ£շ˵
Щεؽͳ⣬˴ض֣ҪסûмңҲûɱĸˡ
֪ҲصͷٴκɸǣŸ˺ܿʧںڰ֮С
ӳȥڳԵʯʵ
΢Ѱ˼һµҪȥһҶȥ档СʱڲǾ뿪
ʯͷûƫͷһʯ壬̾һҲû˵ʲô
֪ʯ˸˲뿪ԼСʱûгĻ˸һеľָ췭ظ
˴֪д˾ȷλãŸ˾Ǳȥ
˾һ¥̨ϣŸվ·˾š
ʱ˾һƬƻͨȻо󲿷ֵһƬڰ͸Ź硣
ӳҪһȥ
ͷֻȥһˣĩ֮ǰдڵһλٽҵĸĸչˣҲҵĸĸ

ʯͿص˲Լͬһ˵ΣԲ󡣶һǰȥҲȽϺá
ȡǹͷֱݸʯˣȡһЩըַˣȡһЩʳƷ˸ıת¥ȥ
ʯ˵ĿųıӰʧڣ໥һۣʯ˵ӳ£һֵ췭ظ
ͬ⣡̽ӿ˵
ͬ⣡
ͬ⣡

ʱѾ˳¥·ȥһϵľƷװս硣µһ¥Ŷ˾ȥ
δ˾Ĵţһǹ˨žͿеĳǹ׼˳꣬վסصأϽ
껺ؽֻչʾԼûȻһ߻Ŵȥһ߸˵֣ٷٽѣҽг꣬Ҫ֣ٽ
ĻȻǹɶų꣬ȴûпǹɳߵǵĸǰ
ʶ֣ٽһСӳģľ´ųꡣ
ǣȻصͷһϲ֣ٷ廹
һ£
ǸСӳ߽˴ڵĶУһ˳ųҪ
ɫ΢䣬Ǻ¶ԷϸѲκС
ɫ֮΢ΪǸСӳȻ뵽УǾӦϵ֣ٷ壬֣ٷԼ֮󣬾ȻԼζʲô
ⲻܲó굣ĺ;裡
ΪŪĸ״껹ſ˫ǸСӳܿǸСӳ˳ų˵
ͷĬĬظǸСӳ󣬾˼¥˴Լһӵʱ䣬ǸСӳһ¥ڣÿһţȻ泤٣
ĿȥڵһӺһλУλУʱҲ˳꣬ȻĿתǸСӳţԹˣ
ǣ٣
ǸСӳ֮ת뿪˷䣬ҽعϡ
ʱڴŶλУλУҲڴųꡣľ͸̷ֶԷֻһڵʵڵڣֻһµȱʵֻһͨУ
λУҲڴųֻ꣬Ǵͨ·Ҳûִӵʣϴһַ糾֮ɫ΢΢üͷĿ¶һ˿ɣбΪӦú֣ٷͨϵǰӦǸոӵͶ֣ٷ壬ʧȥʶ֣
ǣͷм̴ܹȥ𣿡
ǸУҡҡͷ֣ڿᣬûʱ㡣ղ˵Ҫ֣ǰɣ֣Ȼ㡣
˵֣ٷ岢֪ɫһ֣ٷ廹֪ǸſڵСӳԼҲ˵ùȥˡ
˵֣ڿᣬţʵʵȰɣ
һԵɳĬĬصȴšǸУҲٴ꣬ƺʲôļ
ʱڼžĵعȥȴԽԽ꣬ΪʱѾȥһСʱԼСʱڲܹȥʯƱػȡж
ִˣ


384 ʮ
ʱڴ˾ڵĴڣٿһ顣ϯ˶ĩ֮ں绽
˾֣購˾ǡǣ峤
ΧΪٽ֣ٷʱȴֻܹһߵμ¼Ա
ڼҵ࣬ʱӡ
ʱǼҵš
ڴ˾Ķ棬¥̨ϣʯ˵ɫԽԽأӳ뵽˾֮ѾȥһСʱʮӡ
Уİ칫ڡ
ɫԽԽ꣬ʱֻʣʮӣܹˡֻ·ߣһ·ٵһСʱ֣ٷ廹Ļ뿪߳´֣ٷ塣
һ·Ǵ˾ǿȥ֣ٷ塣
ʱֹȥʮӣСʱֻʣ˰Сʱ곤³һ뿪´Բܹʯðա
վǸУ˵У뿪ˡ֣ٽ˵ʱ򻹻
ǸУ̧ͷһ۳㻹ǼȵȰɣȻ˾ûȷ֣ʶ֮ǰǲܹ뿪ġ
üëһʲô˼
Уų국˵ҵ˼Ƿǽ뵽ڵˣûоȷ֮ǰǲ׼뿪ġҲ˵ýѳ߾ߵġ
ɫ˵֣֣ң
㣿ΪʲôˣУ˵òмĿ¿һ۳ϵ·
Уһˣ̫ܵ죬öˣȻܹ˵зֱߵ͹
һݵˣʹѣʹϵ·ˣˣȻڡ
ǳϵ·˳ִһЩĴ¥ڣͨ˼ҷġ˵УһͨҲܹ·һĵײ㡣
ڳ᲻ߣУ붼ûȥ롣ˣᴩͨ
ʲôЦ
ԣǸУͲɫа˵Լ֣סˣ֣иԼ
ԴĩҲûһЩԭֻһ֮Ҳ֣֣ʤ䷳𣬽˸˳ȥ
ǰʮ˻ɣĸǰ֣ˣ¾ǵȵʱٳҲʵʵصȥȴֻһСʱҪ뿪
ⲻУĩУӣͻңı̫쳣ѵСĿĽ˾
ǸУﰵ˼߾衣һǸУĻҲӿһŭԭΪĸ鷳꣬ôûмٷ壬еķԷ뿪бһ֣ٷԼȥ
УϵļָŴһС¥С¥¥Уȥ
ûУϵļתſȥǸУĸߣȫһҪȥ֣ģϲಡһγǹ׼ųĺ󱳺ȵվס
ͣ˽ŲתǸУǸУУͻȻģȵڿӰʱȴѾվǰǹѾ˳
ԾøҪſУ;Դһʹ˹ȥ
ջȭͷǰǹҲŵϣȻתſȥ
ţȥš
󲽵˳ŴȥվڴſڣĿС¥ȥѡһ뿪˾һǵС¥ȥ֣ٷ塣
û껳ſЩǷԼ뿪һԼ뿪ƱҪǷͻԼܹȫȥѸٵʧںڰ֮Уǽºڿ˾Ѱ֣ٷ塣
ٴ̧ͷһ۶С¥ﵽ¥һƬǳԼô߹ȥĻһкܶ
ʮеʱ䣬˲˾ǰС¥Ѱ֣ٷ塣Ѿ겻͸׾ܹȷе֪ĸϢһ̣ûʲôܹ
Ӵſڵ̨ٲŶС¥ȥ
˾һС¥ķڡ
ԽɫһſӺ棬Ķվһˡ
ĿһϵļƬϣȻŶǸȻ˵ȥĸ˶ˣ˭ģ
ֳǱǹУЩ˵ǹ׼ĸͷеüģе̫ѨҴֳĺۼܹԷּ죬ǵ˸ûзӦĻᡣ
ô˵ɸɵģ
ᣡǡǸ˵ֳһ˿ԥҲİ֡
ʼаˣԽ̧°ͣ˵Ǽ˺Щ壿
ûУ鷢֮ϵ˺ЩǱİߣûм
ԽɫӵϺݺһģЩƬĵĴҷɣҲ飬鵽֮ҪǶ
ƹӳźڰ߲߰
겻첻Գ˵ٶŶС¥ȥľѾȫͷ˳ȥ˷ԲǧףС¥Ҳȫ˽ȥٵ¥ɨš
˲ľɨ赽֣ٷӰͬʱҲˡ
ڿᣡ
ͣľзС¥ǰŶʮ˴ڣ⻹С¥ſڵ
ʮ˴ŲͬȱŻͲ


385 Ӳ
⻹Ҫģľɨ赽С¥ʱ򣬷ڻϻվˣ˿ɶߣڳľǵʵ¶ɡ
˾ȻǴУʵһڵ߲ʵⲻһ˵Ҳǲͬ˾װװ
ܿؾɶĽߣ뵽ڻоװ̾ͷװӦ塣ھ
ľֿٵڻ߸˵ɨ֣ٷͨˣҲͨˣһȴһ۷壬˵װȴһ˾Ȼٽߡ˾峤
峤ӵٽʵ֣ŴУʵĸҲֵ֣Уʵľˡ
Ҳ򵥰͸ʵ˻̫ˣǵڶ࣬˼ɣֻҪܹˣʧһС棬ҲںһҪΪͳߣضԶ
ɨ輫죬߳˲ʮףѾ¥ɨ赽һ¥һ¥ŵĴڣַ˰˸ߣ˸װξߣӦ峤ˣڵڶʵӦ˵ˡ
ʱ򣬳Ѿ߳ʮףС¥ʮס
ڳľУǶС¥ЩĿԼǶʮ˴Ҳ׼ԼҿǶʮ˸ָڰϵģͲԼкֻҪԼһľ룬ͻԼ𣬸ͲԼݡ
ֹݣŴǹڶ׼˶ʮĳꡣ
ɴʱԼǰһĻǶʮ˸ھͻԼԣͣס˽ŲŴԼҽг꣬Ҫ֣ٷٽ
ڿ𵴣͸ҵĴ˽ȥ֣ٷ֣購ɫһ㶡֣購Ȼ֪ȥƹִʱ򣬻֣購ԼĶ֣ٷȥӴĳ꣬Ϊ˾Ǻͳùϵ
ʱ֣購˳֣ٷһۣѸٵشվŴ첽˹ȥ֣ٷҲæվڸ׵󡣶ǣǺ峤Ҳһۣվߵ˴ǰȥ
ڵƹҫ£֣ٷһ۾ϳ˳꣬һҪ뿪ȥӭӳ꣬ȴ֣購һְֻ˼ϡ
ס֣ٷ岻֣購
֣購΢΢ҡҡͷȻ·ĳʹһΪ֣購ĶȻʮ˽Լĸף˸׵˼Ҫı¡ˣҲˣܹڶʮ˸ڵķ»ţǲֵýύ
ס
֣ٷȻͳദʱ伫̣Ǽ̵ʱȴоһΪɽ֮ˣ˸׵˼Ҫ˵ʲôȴֹ
֣ٷɫһͣǺܿͱüᶨתŻȥһƿ˴ţȴ֣購ס
һ̵֣ٷǰ
ÿ֣ٷȵ
ǸľȴһصǰҲ˵֣ٷȥƶԷȻƲԷֺ֣ٷȥǹȴһգ̧һ֪ʲôʱԼǹѾ˶Է
ף֣ٷͷ󺰣֣購ͷûлء
һж˳ľУ꺰һ䡰ǳ꣬Ҫ֣ٷٽ֮󣬾ͽС¥Ļҡ
ջ˾վԭ΢΢üͷ˼šʮ˴ڼͣҺԼݣûж֣ȴžƽһķչ
ʱŴӳ֣ڿᣬԭغ򡣡
ûһѾ֣購˼ǾҪԼʵȻˣԼҲÿˣԼҲûʱȥ
ЩڵˣǾҲãҲãҲգϾһֱڵϣûн뵽磬ҲǾĳУʵǿޣǼʶҲޣûмʶռѷĸ֡
Ͳ˵񻪹ͺͿˣ˧ҲûмʶûĲп֮á
ȻûмʶǾǼʶһ¡
δߵģǿ߲Ҫ񲻽У۷ߣƷ߼ߡԼǿߡ
ǸСӻôҼЦЦԵҼ˵
Ǿ˾޴Ӳ壬Ӧ֪֪İڣӦʵʵվԭصȺ򡣡
ģһߣżҼĿƵվŵĳꡣ
ߣ͡ҼЦһѵܹõ֣˾İڹ𣿡
֣購峤ۣһ˫۾Ҳضϵĳ꣬Ҳ뿴꾿ѡ
ͻȻüëһ¶˲֮ɫǸżҼĻҲո£Ҳ¶˼֮ɫҪ֪һٽߣܹ¶𾪵ǲࡣ
ǵҰУͻȻüģгһزӰǲӰ¥¥£Ƕʮ˸ڵĸоǵɿĲӰһɿơ
Ƕʮ˸ڱܵؿ۶˰ʱһƬѻǹǹǹͲ


386 
ָĹ˳
ǵĹ˶ǳĲӰֻգ֮䣬ξͳڴŴʮĸǰ
һһĲӰǰǵĲӰʱʮѾԵ˵ϡ
һ˴֮ڡ
˾¥֮ϣʯһԶۿһ˵ӳǴˣӲ˽ȥ
Ϊʲôʲôɱȥһ
ӳûɱǣֻǰʮ˹ȥɱȥ᲻Ūˣ·˹ͬԶһһ˵
ңأ·˹ǱȥµʯѸٵ˵
УҪȥͯս˵
Уʵʯͬ˵
ҵʵǲǣͯս˵ҵӱǿҺ̫嶯Ūˣ
ͯսⷬĻ˵ڣʯ壬غ·˹ȴûŭǳԴһнһͯսʾ˼ǿָⷽȷʵͯս
ҡûеȵʯͯսֽ˵ʱעӳƾξļҪǱȥҲ׾١
ʯҲһ֮ˣͯսԣһ˲˾עӳˣҲˣǶȥ
˸˵˲ʧ̨֮ϣŶľǱȥ
ʱھ˾ǶС¥ǰʮ˴ڶ˳ʱѾʧȥãЩ˼Ѿ뵽С¥̶С¥˹
ִʱһ֧ɻĳǹվڴڵڴĿضվİ˸ߣڵһξڵڶߡ
ͬʱź󷽼ٵӶȥʮ˸ʱѾܳİھ棬ͻȻͷҲؽǹ˦һ˳ȥ
ֻжʮ죬һ첻࣬һ첻٣ʮ˸ǰʿȻס˽Ųе˵ϣÿ˶ס
ʮǹ˲˶ʮ˸ʿ˲ʧȥսʮ˫۾ŵųıӰǴûмǹ֣Ȼûͷóǹ˲;׼ػÿ˵ĳǹ
һڡ
վڳİ˸ҲͬʱĿһ꾫׼ǹסǡȻߣһξߣûаڳ´

һ콫İ˸һһɣͬʱĿҲüΪ𾴡
ֽǹӵ˵ϣ겢̳ǹѹƶԷ˸ˣҪߵݺͶԷ
ʱڵɫôͣѸٵس¥Ȼػ˶ʮ˸ڣȫš
һҵؽŲӴʿС¥ӵ
֣購Ѹٵ뿪ڣϵĵ绰Ѹٵش˳ȥܿ죬¥ڻ¥ʿֹֻɱŸ߶Ⱦ״̬
ڻС
ʱ˼֣ٷ嶼µҵķѾϣǵĶһĻʾС¥һڵĳ档
С¥һĴڡ
껺ߵ˴룬Ű˸ߵ˵Ҫң
˸ҲֻĬĬصͷ
ãһϰɣҸʱ䡣국˵
˸ߵɫʼһ㶣̶¶˼ȵطŭĩûһرξƽʱöԱһϣȻԼǴſ£ʤߵĽû뵽ȴܵͬĴ
ǿʵȻӸղųıϿӦúǿҲǿһս˸ĳ̶Ȱɣ
һڵ̤ǰһųȵ㡣
΢΢üͷûʱ䣬Ȼǲһϣôҳֺˡ
˸ɫһȻмŭǲǲسꡣһܹ赭дһս˵ˣԲԴ󵽷ˡ˫Ŀ˶ĳ꣬Ǻ뿴꾿ôһսˡ
ǣǵľΪǾȻסˣξͬһƬһ
ԼԼãã
˸ѵķ״̬ʱѾ֪ʵԶԶسǣҺѾﵽ˴˵еİ弶ʱǸͲΪǸͲ֪Ǹֻзȫط
ǣǾ͸оһɴԼײһչ˴ӴǾ֪ԼˣԼʵȫǸ겻һϡĴ򷨼򵥶ֱֱѹԷ
顭
죬˸ߵ͵ݺݵײ˱ǽϣȻػ
ಡ˲һʧ
¥ڡ
֣購ֻ֣ٷ¶˷֮ɫ¶һ˿ڴ
ͻȻ֣購ָѸٵڼûţǽϵĴĻڵĻ治ϵر任ţ¥ڵһͷ֣購ȴԼָû̵ٶȾȻûгٶȿ죬ȵ׽εʱȴֳѾվϡ
ʱվڣĶվߣУһڡ
УһȻûпһ¥һս˵ĳ棬Ǽܹô̵ʱھǵǰƨҲ֪Բһһս˲佫İ˸Ⱥ
ⲻǵмȵؾĿ¶һ˿⣬ʲôʱгһ˸֣


387 
ǸڵߴʱѾ֪Լ϶ǳĶ֣վﲻʱʣµΨƴһ·
У´ų꣬йųʵ΢һ£һĴУ˳ϾǾܹȳ֣Ǹˡ
һ˵Ŀⶼ۽˵ϡһǽ֮Ļе߸ҲĿڶǽϵĴĻϡ
ǸУվڳĶ棬صߵĳꡣǳȴһʮֲľٶȻֿ̧˿ϵֱȻŶĴУ׼ˣ
ĴУɫһĻһֱӵĸоϵսȻ˳ųһֵɣ
顭
Ĵڵһ̤С¥𵴣һγŶĴУ˹ȥڶǸУĿУξͬһװ׳һػײ
һȭȻȳ
úã
ԷҲʾȻгˡһȭʱԼҪǶܣǾơ
˵ˣͲŶԷܹһȭԼܹһȭԼҲֻ峤ɣ
顭
˵ȭͷݺݵײһͬһ죬ȭ֮䱩˳ߵǽϣǽϵˮ䣬¶שͷ
ǸУӵ˳ȥһѪ˫ĿͷŲŵĿ⣬Է̫ˣܹܣֻһȭˣʧȥս
ͨľֻʮͨľȴһʮ۵Ԫٵĵܹһ۵Ԫٵĵһ
˵ʵʱҪͬ߸߳ʮֹǺͳԼһλĴУȣҲѹԵơֻǱٽ΢һˡ
顭
ǸУ䵽˵ϣһҡΣһƨ˵ϣſһѪ
վڳĸУһĴͣ͸Ҫ˵Ǹڵˡ
ʱڻе֣購Ѿȫ˳ǿ֪ûбҪȥˣҪվȥֹսȴȻִĻϵĳ궯ˡ
һϰɣҸʱ䣡
ϣ仰һ䣬α˵Ŀʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֡
顭
һУһȭɣڿе죬ǸУڿоͲϵѪӻûеϾѾ˹ȥ
һת˫ͬ޷峯ԵУ˹ȥ棬Уͷ
УѾʶ˳Ȼһ뷨ǶȴѾ˫ȭ֣ð弶ݵǿԶȥǰ弶ôģ˵ǾǴ˵е
鵽˵زҲΨзȭӭ˳ȭͷ
顭
죬С¥ڶУξͷ˳ȥݺݵ˦˵ϡͻȻǰ̽һֱžԭһУѾ͵Ϯ˹ųĺһŴ˹
õһţǻȭеϻβͽţͬʱĽѾͷŽĹâڴͬʱ࣬Ǹڵһƴŷͬһв˳߹ǡ
顭
ϻβͽźǸУĴײһ飬ǸУ͸оԼһһ龫֮ϣꡱһСȹǾȻ۶ϣӿˤڵϡ
ڴʱǸߵһֻѾ嵽˳£ָѾ˳·Ѿ¶˵Цݡ
ǣһ˿ЦݸոոϾͽӲˣһֻץסȣձۣͼǸڵ߷˿кݺݵ˴ϡ
ꡭ
ߵӾײ˴ɳ˴⡭
С
ով֣購ٽ峤Ҳȫû뵽ô̵ʱھͰУʧȥսǸڵ߾ͺԲˡ
ԭ֣購ųȥֹⳡսܹһУҲܻʣµĸУ֣Լεذ˾ƣҳ̸ռ˾Եơ
ǴʱȫԤϣʱȥˣܿͻŶ롣Ȼ£ڻ뻹ٽ峤ʱһԼϾԼžֻĻ¾ҪѪ͸һЩˡ
Ҳںͳ̸ʧȥƣ̵ָӵİťϰָ

Ŵ򿪣ʮֳֳǹʿ߽
ʮ˿ɶǾľսԱȻͨˣߣϵɱ֤Ƕɱ˼ѪľӢʮ˵ǹҲοﲻǿտشխԳʮֲ
Ӿһ٣Ǿһ֮ʣΪһŴ׷飬ӰӴײ˽ֱײԳǹʿȺС
顭
һܼı죬ֻǼӵʱ䣬ʮսԱͶɵڵϡ
¶˿ЦߵʯȴЦų˹Ǿǹ̨ϵʯҲһԶԼ;˳ͻǱ˽Լбӿ˸жʯ˵ͷȻ˻ҵĴſڣƿ˴ţ˽ȥһ͵֣購
֣購ȫû뵽һһԼԤϣʱ˳Ѿ˽һϻָƽҪװ֪ݿ˵ȴ峤ƵųˣôĵӣȻҴҵˣ


388 սٽ
Ҽ֣購ϵܣһ˾Ȼһ·ҿ֣購ɫò֪֣購ѾƵǽǣܹûɱ֣購֣購ھеҲˡ
οһֱҪ֣購ȨҪеĴƿԼ
ʲôʱ
ĩ磡
һҵУֻƿصıȨܹԼ˵ʵĻѾ˸ݵ˭ʵǿ˵ͻΪһ
һʱл˭ûҰģ
֪ѾżҼͬˣͬԼ֣購һ㡣ֻҪ֣購Ƶý֮ܳˣǾһŹᡣ
ԣǰ֣ٷʲôϵֻгܹȥ֣購裬½ھ
ԣϵ̤ǰһٽųɽѹ˹ȥղڳ򶷵ĹѾʵûдﵽٽǿҲУ۷ˣĽڼ֮նɱ
ڳЩҲԲٽߣҼȫûнǿֻҪԸ⣬ΪԼȫܹһ֮Щڴڵȫɱ
ǡ
һ˲䣬ӳǱ߱ǿƵƶײз࣡ѵҼɫһ䣬غһ漴㷴Ӧ˹վ˽Ų
ȴ֪ԼղžȻסǱʶ˾£ܵˡ
Լһٽ߻ẦһʵԼ͵ߣ
Ҽϵеͷں͵˶ʱͷƱػӰʵķӣֻ˲㽫Լʵ۷壬ΧĿʼ΢΢Ť
ʯ۾һУҼ˲֪˶Էٽߣ̤ǰһ
֣ҡҡͷʯ˱ס˽Ų
꽫ԼʵҲͬ۷壬ԴʵͻƵУ۷֮󣬾ûԺһսߡһٽɼϲղѾԳԼȫͬʱԸУڴһٽһս
رӶԷпŨɱ⣬ҪɱԼ˳ɲ˭ˣֻҪҶԳͷųɱ⣬ҲᾡȫնɱԷ
ɱһϵɱ͸ҼٽߣҲɱˣǺͳһ꼸Եߣɱ˲֪ж߱ϵɱͬ𺣣ϵɱͬһ
ɱһ֣þɳ֣購ɫһ䣬ҼǺΪ֮һ֪ܹ͡ͳȥˣȻɱƣȴţҲ¶š
ȻǰһܣһֻȾͬһ˴ǹһųʺ˹ȥ
ʯ˶ҼӰֻоԼҼͬһ˴ǹһڿд̹зХ
֣購¶˵֮ɫٽʵٽƾֳ˵ٶȣܲ⡣
ʱѾſҪ顱˳ڳдáʵѾ̽ˣȻԼļƻˮ
ǣûеȵĿзһڣ㱻˻ȥĲš
㵵ķֳ꾹Ȼûܣ̤ǰ벽ͬһչĹұۻسȻȭͬһ֧˳ȥ
̫ȭ乭仢
֣購㵵Ĳǳ꾹Ȼʹٰ̫ȭ㵵ǳ꾹ȻҺҼӲӲ
һٽӲӲ
ֻʱѾӦֻɲ֮䣬һȭһžӲӲײһ𣬷ڻڵž޴ӺȻ飬ľƬĴ䡣
Ҽ˿ź󷽷ʯѸٵξֱɳ˻ҵĴţݺݵײڵǽϣǽڶһƬѡ
ҼϷЦûȥ׷꣬ԼһȭѾ˳ꡣϵĿʯȰ˸ˡǻδĿɨʯȰ˸ˣ߾ӿյ
δ˽һԴݺݵȥ
Ҽɫһ㶣ʵûüȫһȭųӲ˹ȥ
顭
ʹǴæȭʮֻʹ˰˳ɣҲѳ˳ȥϾСһЩڿһȻͷ½ϣҼ˻˹ȥһֱȭͷŽĹ
ĿһֻȭͷмٵطŴҼɫ΢һЩʮɵųȭͷԻ˹ȥ
żҼҼ˳ȭͷϾȻŽĹв¶֮ɫͬʱ˵Ҳ¶ϧ֮ɫʱѾҼɱģһ˵ˡ
ҼʱҲ¶һ˿Ц۷һȭԺѾ뵽˳ֱۺعǱԼһȭϵĳ
ǡ
Ŀһ㶣ΪӿĳϾȻһֱ飬һֲмı顣ǲмĿз͸¶ĸ֣ˣ
顭
ȭͷݺݵײһ
䡭
ҼµˮȻѣδӽµѶڵȥͬʱ˵Ķ˹ͷѵ
ˣ
γ꽫ĸִӿк˳ͬʱҲʧڵǸڴ
顭
ʱ֣購Ǿ俨ںĸں˳ȴǻ˶󣬲ҼԳ飬óҼ顣
ǡ


389 
ȴĹͷ֮ʱС¥ĲķҼعȫݣѾ飬ͷȫĲţʵһֱĳΪʲôͻȻһ
ʱվҼǰӸµеĲţŵ˵õһطǱڵ˲䷭
Ҽֳһ˿ȻȻеĹâѸٵذͷһᣬ˹ȥ
¥ϵʱͬʩ˶һ㣬ĿⶼǸڣȻǵĿ⼴ʹǸĶڣΪĽǶȵԭĳ
ֻǴʱжأ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢչزҼ´ʱѾˡ
ˡ
ಡ
һӰӶڷվ˻ҵм䣬Ŀɨˡ
֣購ǣǺʣµŵվĳꡣ
һֱߵ˽⣬λϵĲǲܹԽġٽܹдУУУУԴơ
Ϊÿһξڼ䣬˭ľ̲صԪ˭ͻѹʵξͨľҪξ࣬Ȼ̲صԪͱξ࣬ʱ䣬Խ
УȻ˵ǵڵԪ̬ϽߣڵԪѾ̬תҺ̬ȻٽߵڵҺ̬ԪǳϡҲһУ̲صԪܹصġ
Ҫ֪һԪ٣ɲǽϵߵıͳ־ϵߵķӦԤ
ΪһڵԪϵǿлᷢ仯оǷӦԤۺ֡
һУȫսʤһٽߣһֵ߸
ǡ
ǻ֪ӽ뵽ξ߾߲ͬ߶ǴͨʮȴǴͨһɲǶһǶ
ôľٳĵͨһ
˵ʵѾ޽ӽٽߣʹǱͿȫѹһٽ
ҼòԹ
ꡭ
֣ٷڼѵؿˣϹ˿ɬ֪Լ뿪ˣȻʮԹԼĸףȴܲΪ˸롣
ǣ֣ٷոջ˳֣ǱߵǺżҼȴѾ
һ֣ٷ忪ڣо͸о֮ǰ֣ٷ徹ȻΥ֣購ҲҪȥӭӳ֪֣꣬ٷͳ֮Ĺϵһ֣ٷ˵˳ھ֣購Ӫ֣購ͶһҼİ֡
Բܹɱ˳꣬ҲΪұ˵ʧȥϼҾͻվԼһڶȡȨƽһ롣
ΪҪǣżҼΪһٽߣиͲųʵɱٽҼûм鷢
飬ԭֻһǾҼˣˣûóԼʵ˿ӣմ˱ˡ
Ҽԩ
żҼ̾ţǸ̾̾ӦȴԵؿ죬֣ٷոպꡱֵ˲䣬żҼдһα˳ȥСӣ
һֻ˳ͷżҼҪһצͷ󱬣ʱҼǰ֮ǲ˿Ĵ⣬۷壬ų㲻һצҲסһצԼһצ֮£Ψ·һ
ʱѾԹٽʵŸĸѾٺͶԷȻתֱżҼĹطü͸
żҼԭ͸¶ŵЦֻ־ͷ­Ѿ磬ȴͻȻһӡˡһͬпըըŶһ㣬һ˲䣬̺ǱȭͷݺݵغżҼͷϡ
顭
żҼͷ­ͬһϱشȻ飬һ嵹˳ȥݺݵײǽϣѩ׵ǽѪ

ž
Եļž
֣購ǣǺʣµΨһһҼĿɿڴ֣ٷǴʹ˵
תֱ֣ٷʵ֣磬ҵĸĸǰã

֣ٷڴӴбѣСװͷããһаãĩսٵ죬Ҿ̰Ѳĸӵһס
ݺݵ³һ֣ٷĿ˸мô˵ĩսٵʱԼδ֪֣ٷܹһʱ뵽Լĸĸֵóмο֣ٷΪԼϧĸ׷ҲҪȥӭԼⶼóǷ֣ٷһ飬ʱʯ֣ٷĿҲ
ֶǳꣿʱ֣購ҲзӦ˹ȫװղûıǷ·һȵĳųк
΢΢üͷ龿ôȻ֪֣ٷĶڣʱǲ֪κ֣購ദ
֣購߹ͬһͳĳųļֶʱĸĸѾ˯ȲҪȥˡǵϢһ£ֶһ·Ͷ٣Ȼˣó׼Ϊӷ硣
꿴һ֣ٷ壬֣ٷ¶ڴһµȥĵؿҸĸһۣȻٻлչҸĸĶ顣
ʲô鲻ģ㸸ĸٷչˣǶٷΣ֮Ҳᡣ
ϲ¶һ˿ЦԼӵо磬ʱ֣購һᱻıݸж
ʱȴ֣購ת֣ٷȥ˵ٷ壬ʹȥĸĸȻһΪӷ硣
ǵģף֣ٷӦȻת˳꣬¶ֿЦݵ꣬ߣҴȥ㸸ĸ
лл֣磡Ҳֿ˵
۸ʲô˵ģ֣ٷǰקųĸ첲ȥʯҲĬĬظų뿪˻ҡ


390 ӷ
֣ٷ߳С¥ʱʿѾɢȥƺһֶָƽһ·ϣ֣ٷ彫길ĸԴĩ֮ų꽲һ飬ȻʳôУ
ɫԥһ£ֻ˵ĩշ֮ʣǼ˺ʹ󲿶ӷɢˡȵ߳磬ص߾ȹҵĸĸ
˵䣬һСͱĸǰ֣ٷͣ˽Ųųѹ˵ĸסƽʱҰһбﱣһŮ︺𲮸ĸճ
ص˵ͷȻ󽫾˳ȥСͱȻĸˡеԼĸĸʱ˯һбһŮ
˯еĸĸĿʼԵܹĸͷְ࣬Ҳࡣ
ʱ򣬾м׷һСꡭ
۾ˮ
֣꣡ٷѹ˵ҪҪĽȥ
̧˫ʹش˴ػָƽ΢΢ҡҡͷˣҡŶ֮
˵ת֣ٷһȥ˵лл
֣ٷһץסļϷ˵꣬ˡġ
ֱӣٵлֻǳ֣ٷͷ߰ɣزѾȼˡ
֣ٷ˸׵Ϊϱһ죬Ǻڰ֮УҲû˿תͷһ۱ʵĲȥ
ͷ֣ٷҲ漴ͷҲǣ˯ǳᣬ˵еͰѲĸˣû˿׼Ȼ㣬ڼ֮зʲô
Ҳһæѹ˵֣磬ǵҸĸ֮Ҹĸ͸Ҹĸи׼ٽȥ
ãС£֣ٷ¶ֿЦݣĳļߣȥΪӷ硣
һ·лص¥㣬һСͻҡʱĻҵһСͲ͵ģ
мһӣڷһʱһӣŸֲȣʳƺϡ
ó겻̾۵ʲôʱĩ磬ȨײҲǽݵġ룬ĩյһ꣬ЩȨײ㻹Ŵ棬ʮ֮ǻܹ
꣬ܣ
ʱ֣購Ѿ˹˺һװߡ֣購ȱָǸװ˵꣬λ峤츣
ã
ɼҵ죬ɵˣǸ˶ɺǿɾܾҵǸҲǿóǰҵ峤ӡ󲻴
ã츣Ҳ΢ЦŵͷȻͻȻȴп˵һ䣺η
ɫһʱ֮ЩȻϾԼոɱλ峤ƽʱ峤ҲӦЩϵʱ֣購ָֽԱߵһ˵꣬Ǵ˾ǡ
ãγı䵭࣬ϵóǸûʲôӡ
ܹ쵽˾λõǾһϱӣֻ˲оɫ䵭΢㣬׳ΪζˡһԱߵ֣ٷ壬򡣿֣ٷѾĸ׺Լȫ˳꣬׼֣購ˡ

֪Ѿ˳ĺȴҪƫƫ֪ô˼
뵽ǵ¶Цݣã꣬氡
꣡һԵ֣購̴ǵĻЦżܵλ˵ǡ
ãһ¶˵Цݡ
ãǵɫЩͬΪߣǿߵĳݺε͸¶˳
ҲʯȰ˸˽һ顣ǽܵʮּ򵥣ֻǸ֪֣購ʯԼսѣҲֻǽǵ֡
Է֣購һӵ꣬ЩӿҲûкúóһٷͺ͵˼һ
˵ͷҷ׷˷Ų˵ԶԼϲʳȻֵһƣмĻ
֣購ǣǺ츣֣ٷڵж¶һ˿ȣǿһ·Ͽ϶̼ʱӦüʳ̻ʲŶԡǳȾŸֻǼ򵥵ѡ˼Ӷûװ뿪˷Ų˵ӡ
ⲻѧ
ĸ˶һۣҲ򵥵ѡ˼ص˻һ߳һġյ
֣購ǽһЩĩ֮ڵһЩ״ǽһЩ·ϵļš
˴˵һЩ֮󣬴ҵ϶һȱóơΪҶʶδĲԤ֪ԡ
ҶǼʶˣر֣購Ǻ츣ǵյĸ֣ܿ
극֮ȴͻȻһʱ֮˭Ҳ˵ر֣購ǣǺ츣ĸ˲ǵؽ
ǳ˾ɫƽʵŸ˴ʱﶼǳԷĸʲô޷ǾҪԼǣҪ˵ȴ֣購ĸ˼ͬʱڵꡭ
ţȻԷѾˣ굹ÿˣֻнѯʵĿĸˡ
ĸ˷·Ĭһ㣬ͬʱˡꡱ֮ͬʱֻͣ໥Ŀײ˻𻨡
ʱ֣購ȿˣ꣬ʲô㣿
оһϲ֣購ñԼļʡĸȥ


391 ܾ
ҺܿҸĸ뿪ǳл֣˾Ҹĸչˡ
Ҫ뿪֣購һشȫ⣬ʮֻңΣձ鲼꾹ȻҪڵİȫ뿪Уʮָ㲻˵֣購ǣǺ츣Ҳ㲻ɽʵĿⶼ˳ꡣ
ǣҲ·ֻ͵
ȿȡ֣購꣬ΪʲôҪ뿪Ҫ֪ȫĵطڳ̫ȫոմֲǲ֪
֪ͷֻҵԭ򡣡
꣡ǿˣɣ뿪̫ĲȷԡǲսˣҰλø㡣
֣購Ǻ츣ɫһ䣬Ƕû뵽ǻ顣
Ҫ֪ΪһɲֻǳƺϺһЩӵһݲƵԴԴɲǽʳϵԴλãҲ൱ڷŻԼٶȡĩУʲôҪԼǿҪ
ǣ漴ҲȻȻǵŴߣЩߵʵǿǵҲһʿߣгΪʵһԣƽʱֵõԴҲٵġ
ǣˣΪ˵ĵλ̻ᷢ췭ظı仯ȳʵǸոɱٽ峤ΧʯȰ˸ˡȻʱǲ֪ʯ˵ʵǾƨ룬ʵҲԲ͡
еҪϴˡΪҪǣΪ˵пɶߣ֮ǰȻˣǵǵʵѹЩߣΪûоѹЩߵʵʹҲСŸ֣購ǺᣬҲ͵͵£˲ߡ
ǣΪ˿̾ͻΪһ顣һԻв
ڳҲһջ󣬱ϾһӶôԵΪ£ѸٵӵһĩУûֵܹջ
֣購Ǻ츣˴˽һĿж¶һ˿ġɽĿⶼ˳ꡣ
˵ʵҲЩĶĩӵԼԼʯ˽
Լһ·УԼȴֻҪԼأ·˹ԪһʯλصǺ;ǣ

˲нһ˿Ķжϣ¶˵Цݣŵֿ˵ʮָлĴԼԭ򡣡
ųᶨ񣬵ǲȻһ̾гʧ;ɥ˵ľһֱ֣購Ǻķֻʹѹڲż໥ȨҽĿԼҪԼλϸȥ
ˣʱһ㣬˽꣬ȴԥؾܾˣⲻг˿ɬ
ǣľܾȴһԼܲ꣬벻õͻˡû꣬ûлᡣ뿪ЩҲԸ뿪
ǼŲܲ뿪ԭ򣬱ǵļ˶ĳУҪȥԼĸĸͬһ㡣ǼڻûЩҰɣԼ꣬԰Щ°
꣡ʱ֣˵ˣΣеģеġûеģֻҪҪҲ߾ȫΪѰҡ
֣購üͷ΢΢һ壬֮һֱûпŵ꣬Ϊղڳûе֮ǰĸѾЭ飬ǣǺ츣ȿΪ֣ǣǺ츣Ǹһ棬֣購ҲԼûп֮ǰ겻κһ⵹ȫΪԼһֱչ˳ĸĸǳҪԼ
ǣ֣ٷüͷû뵽ǻôıǮҪֻ֪ȴóһ꣬νľļ
ǣɵϾͶǸżķУȻɫ¶Ҳú˵ֻǵҡҡͷ
ܾǵɫһ㶣ҲѸٵػָɫ¶Цݵ꣬ҿͬ鷢𣿡
ʼɫ΢㣬̶¶˵ЦݣĿʯһ˴˵ж¶һ˿Ц⡣곯һƣ㲻
λ
ǵչֳźȵЦݡǻδ˵ȥźȵЦݾͽϡΪʯشĻӳľǵľӳȤҲȤ
ǽӲϵЦݣĿⲻˣرǿصȼˡǣӿصϵɫ֪Լˣʯ˵û⼸Ҳӳľ
ǵϲֳһ˿ûбôɴľܾʱжԳ˲һ˿ɱ⣬ܿؽһɱ֪ҪɱǺܲǵġʵѾʶûļƻԼ
оϵһ˿ɱ⣬ȻܶݣǻǱƷ߼ĳоˡ΢΢һüͷǲҸɱˡڶԼɱˣĴ


392 
һۣ껹ʱ˼ϾûԵľٶɱ˵ȥֻǿԺûлˡ
ǺǶѾԹˣҼ츣ų꿪˵꣬ĩ֮ǰһ壬ѾǧꡣǼûôߣҲܹƾĻᡣԴ͹ĴУڣ˺;ȴԲҡ
˵΢ؿһ۳ꡣŶ˵ĴкԴҪġǣ漴ʧˣΪڳϿ˿ı仯
һŬָԼż˵ֻ꣬ҪϼңͿ㽫ΪҵĴϡǳ֮⣬ȨˡȻЩԴҲʹá
ҵĸоǲоǲЩ껹ûзŵ磬ôȱԴ͹ǣ¶һ˿ЦݵԲ峤б뿪ԭ򡣡
Ŷ
츣¶ʧ֮ɫʱ˳Ļųһ뿪УǶԳж֣ٷҲסһˡ
֣購ʱҲʶһ㣬ֻǲĵؿʵ꣬ı뿪
ǣᶨصͷ
֣購΢΢üͷ·˶һ˵꣬ҾͲ˵ˣֻҪң㿪
֣購Ļһ䣬ǣǺ츣¶һ˿Ծ֣購ǻԼıǮ漴оЩȻ
Ҫ֪ɲһˣǾŸˣ˳һˣ͵˾Ÿˡôôʡ
˵оͿʼ֣購ĽŸ˹ȥ֣購пľһҶˡ
رǣʮ֣購ﵽĿģ¾֣購Լֵʱ̡ΪǸʱʵƽѾȫ֣購б֣購Ѿ߱˲ԼʵеľƿԼС
Բܹ΢΢üͷȻ¶һ˿Ц֣購ȥɣȵ֮߳ҾͲų껹ͶӪ
ǻ˼ѡһʲôʱ䣬ʲôʽ֣購赲֣ٷȥӭӳ֪ʱȴƽԲ֣˾вò뿪ԭ򡣡
Ļһ䣬Ǻ츣жɴһǸһᣬʱѵߵĻ˻ȥ
֣購Ҳûжʧ䣬ǰ˵̵棬ʵѾûжڴοб뷨ֻɽĿʯˣҪʯ˵ɫʲô仯
ֻҪʯ˵¶һ˿Ȥͻʯ˷룬ʵȴʮʧʯ˵ɫʮƽͷ·û֣購һ㡣
֣購зһ˿ɬϵɫȴ飺ˣȻԼľľ죬Ҫʲôܺ˵
лл˵
˲飬ֻصǢ֣֮ٷųȥס߳С¥ٷ˵ȵȣȥš
ţ
ٷ¶⣬ջǴųžȥվھĴſڣһڣͽеһӰӺڰų˹
֣ٷЩд󾪣æǹȴȵǹ
жһ٣һ֮䣬Ϳһ۷ѩ˵˳ǰվֻǰצڳļϣͷų˳ĴЦ
֣ٷΧ㶵ؿų꣬ȫû뵽һֻѩǡѩǵıֿȫǱѱ
ôܣ
֣ٷʱиоӵҲøӵ𾴡
ѩ֣ٷŵס֣ٷֺͳ˼䣬ǣŻȥ߸ף껹һֱѩǡ
֣ٷո뿪ãҲǸոϴһ裬һ֣ٷ׼·С·ϴ˽ŲѸٵչӳ˷䣬ھб㿴
˾΢΢üͷ˼ʲô
δȵͦѷϴƿԼķţ˰֣Ӽδʯˣ˻Լķ䡣ųŴȥ˷ţǡ
ҽȥЦ
һ࿪ӵ룡
ǴԼķ䣬˫֮󣬳꽫ѯʵĿǡ
ϴȵЦݵҪһЩʵʮ־һˣЩ²졣
˲ҪԼ˵ʲôҲ¶Цݣ˾Ҳһˣʲô˵޷
ãϵɫӵȣġ
ȻǽС¥ϣԱţ֣購ٷԭԭ˵˳
꣬һֿ˵л˾Ҽˡ
ǺǡǴһӵ⵱ʲô飬ֻΪһľ˿Щıưˡ
ףҪǵá¶˾֮ɫ
֮ʱǢ˴˴Լһӵʱ䣬ǣ͵⣬Ȼ뵽ڣһ˼
Ҳ
һҹ¡
ڶ죬¶΢⣬ϴϣ֮ͣ󣬱֣ٷ˽


393 
꣬𣿳ˣȥĸ
ˣ¶
ʯҲվҺƺƵų길ĸסСͱȥԼһ֮󣬳˾˱֮⣬ԶԶľͿ֣購Ǻ͵Լĸĸվ棬ʱ
֣裡һӾ˸ĸĸǰžȻ˵
ĸץŶӵĸ첲ĸظŶӵˮӣӻˣ
֣裡
ͺãͺã
ԴĩսһĸĸһֱųİΣرǺڲϵѯ£֣ٷ֪ʲôʿ֮λ˾͸ӵصģǳԷҲ㣬˯Ҳ㡣ҹŶܹ
ڻˣվǰβöϼ겻סذοŶϣ˽ʮӵʱöϵƽ֣購Ǻ͵ھصͷһֱЦеվԱߣûһ˿һĲͷ
ĸƽ֮󣬳ŽʯһһԼĸĸܡ
ãĸãʯȰ˸òĸĸʺá
ããĸĸ¶ҸЦݣֻҪߣ˾;úҸ
ʱĴͷȥųĸĸǰѳĸĸһ꼱æǵͷһƺȵŵҸĸ
ѩתͷų꣬¶ί˼ǣ㶼ܹˣҲңԼ
ҡҡͷȻŸĸ֣ܵ裬ѩǣǡ
ĽܣѩǼæҡβͣٴĴͷȥعųĸĸǳĸ׵ӴһЩǺ˳ӣ㳢ԵָһǵͷǺܵģתͷӣҲǺܹԵġ
ģĸЩĶ
棡ĸһߵͷһ˫ֶŵǵͷϸš
ĸҲӵȥѩǵͷѩǴǵѾᵽ˺ͳһζ֪ǳˡĸԼ㽫ͷһƫͷųĸ׵֣óĸ׵¶۰ϲЦݡ
һԵ֣ٷ忴۲Ҳ˹ȥҪѩ׵ëȴû뵽ǼΪ̵ͷ֣ٷĵͺŵ֣ٷջ֣һεվ
֣購Ц꣬ǾͲ֮ˡЩӾסʲôʱٷ塣ٷǳȥߣ֪Ҳеˣ֮ǰĩ֮з˺ܴı仯
лл
òл֣購Ǻ͵ǷֱлȻߡ֣ٷҲϾǳĸĸһžۡԣҲųǣ˳㻹ʯһ뿪ȴʯ˾ܾˡ
뵽֮ʯ˾¥£͸ĸǵ¥ϡ
¥ϣ꽫Լ򵥵Ÿĸ˵һ飬ʹǼ򵥵˵Ҳóĸĸľսȳһֱ˵ص֮󣬳ĸײŻųֵɣ֣˾˺ܺã͸ɣһ˾Ϳžһ𡣡
Ĭһµ֣裬λҪ뿪ġ
뿪ĸĸһȥĶ
ǣ
ǣĸĸĬãĸ׵ĵ˵С꣬ôңޱغУȥǣ
֣ҼȻܹüµʱħУܹŰ赽ﾩǡ
ΪʲôҪȥǣĸײʵ
ΪһսеļڽǣеļھǡôܹȥǺ;ǣҡ
ؽԭ˵˸ĸضԸĸ˶󣺡裬ҪΪĩղʱڽܾãԤϵľáֻоǲȫĵط
ĸĸĬ겢Լĸĸͬ⣬Ϊ˽Լĸĸڳĸͨˣ֪ʯһ·ԼУԼһ£أ·˹ԪҲ£ʯ˾ԷؼпԼĸĸһͬԼ뿪οڽǻԼһҡ֪ĸͶһҸܺãܲĶһҡȥ壬ĸһͬġ
Ȼĸһ㳯ų˵ͷһ˾ĸĸż
С꣬ʲôʱ뿪Ǻ׼һ¡
ɣһ·ƴɱ˼£ҲӦһ¡
ӦõģӦõģĸĸͷ
ͻȻһ̶ľһ㶡һԵĳ길һߴϵɫýŵҰпʼˣ
Ұ޽ľҲվʱѾֳܹ
ţĸ׵ǵصͷǰЩЩҰ޶˽òײŰǻˣ˺öˡ
裬ҳȥ
󲽵ȥһֱԼµҲԼ󣬱ǣҵĸĸ
ءţſſڡ
ʱѾ¥ʯȰ˸˶ѾվȡԼǹߣȥ
ʯ˵ͷų˳ȥŸ˵ٶչȳ죬ܿ͸е˾Ĵſڣһ۾Ϳ֣購ˣ֣
꣡˳֣꣬購۾һ
Ҫȥ﹥ǣӦÿ԰һæ
ãϳ


394 ڳ
˹ͣ˳Ÿ˵ԣŸѸٵ˳һĸʻλϣƫͷһľȻ֣ٷ壬ЦһٽԿ
֣ٷЦⲻǿҾͰ˾ȥ
һЦ
꣬ȥҵذɣ֣ٷ˵
ս
ţҴһżضһߡ
ãǾ͹ȥ
ʱѾ˽ֵеѾʧֵ϶ʻžһӵʱ䣬֣ٷͼʻų˶һߣӳųǹŷȥ˽
ܿ죬˾˷£𺳵һĻޱ޼ʵеķ¹
ܼڻǹϵЩЩﲻϵص£ھһҵĵشؽء
Ŀ˳սԶȥȻɫһ䣬ڳ棡
֣ٷҲ˳ųĿȥһҲһֻֻ˶ĳӣÿֻжʮ೤״ͬһ쵰а˽ţжǵȴܹɸȣȻǻ˵ˣǷɻܹ޴
ڳ棬ڳ棬Լһǧֻڻ֧Ԯڻ֧ԮꡭͨѶԱѸٵؿʼС
䡭
ǣȴЩڳȷ˻ֻĻųĻŷ·˹˺ڰŻХ
ԵԵ
䡭
ܼڻҲǧ֮ڳкȥлڵڰĿռҫͨ
Ļڷϣʿ˲仯ΪҽеʿȼŻ淭ţš

һ߶Żһŷţڻǧڳ棬ٵĶڹصķЩѾͻ˰ߣ˹̴漴ӳ˱ը
䡭
ʯҲ漴ӳ˱ըѾӽǰص촷ۣ漴Ÿ˿ʼǹⵯ׼ػһֻֻͷ­

֣ٷʱҲ˷ӵǰҲ˲ÿµĻһ߸غţһ߷ڵĹٱһſеĲʱĻʼҵ
䡭
һſŻѣ̵ĸֽڻĺ±飬һھ겻ԶĽʿ˲仯Ϊ˻ҽʿ棬ڵϲסشš
ǣʱûȥעǣû˷е˶ɱ۾ֻ֪ŷš
ǣȴؿһСľһֱչȻһ
һץס֣ٷ棬˳ȥͬʱʯȰ˸ĺ˲˳ȥ
䡭
һž޴Ļ˸ղųڵĵطֻѷ¸ըһӡ
ա
꽫֣ٷԱһӣѸٵؿʼһſͷ­ڴ򱬡ͬʱʯȰ˸˰֧ǹҲڼٵոһ
֣ٷӵų꣬аеǿ𣿾Ȼܹ˼ҵսУǹǹգһܹʱ̹עſеĻ򡣡
ڸ
Ȼ߳Ĵȣ֣ٷɫһ죬̿ʼŷ
ӵļңжһƬǺǵ֮С
е潨̵ĸ̨ʱĸ̨վҼ츣ķսУЩҲӾͳһĸ̨վǣϷĸ̨վŴ˾ǣڶĸ̨վŴ˾֣購
ĸޱ޼ʵϵɫΪأر֣購֪͵ĶӾķµһߣϵɫǶһݵǡǣʱսѾһƬҪԼҲܡ
Զڳܼڻ²סرƬѸٵؼ٣Ƿϵѹȴû˿ļ٣
Ϊڳһʱ䣬ＸѾ嵽˷µǰٱľѾʮףǿƵرƽ
вڼؼ÷ڵĹٱѹĻҲǿ˫խʮ׿ռڼҵ
Щеܹеܹ±еܹǿᣬеܹ䶾ˮܹӵﻹǲﻹûӵһͬǷǿǼӵܹеģеﲻǼʮӵܹġ
ҲǳŸŸ߼ǹټǶļ˽⣬֪㣬ǹּ侫׼ܹһǹɱһ
䡭
˷£Ȼȴ˻ҡ
Ǹֳɱǡ
ʱ֣ٷѾָ侲˻Ҳǵһα﹥Ϸߣ֣ٷĺѸٵطֳһˣ߷һʿǽϷµΧɱ

һĺ÷ϵĹٱ䵽һӰͬһ˷£ֻƾž޴ͽʿײڰоѾ

ŨҵζĻǸĴ˳ӳʮף˲ʿ
ݣʨ겻˴ֿڡ
ȥ


395 ̸
غһ˫ڷһߣ顱һξͬһڵһط˳ȥ
֣ٷɫ䣬ĿⵣǵڿлĿء
顭ִһͷ­֮ͷҲصض֣ٷ溰ôǵһμ
ǣ֣ٷŵ˵ǰÿζҪܶʿܹܶɱһһ˶ٶʿʮ߲ɱ
֣ٷĻδ£ʹֻڿеĿѾǹںϣȡ˴󽣺ݺݵһŻʨͷȥ
ôȥ֣ٷʵš

ֻʨһХ˿еĿأһִĻ棬ſеĿ˳ȥ
ͷʨ֪ǰǺ֮ǰĲͬʵǿʮ˽ǡ
صһһ󣬾ḻô᲻֪Ǹʨ棿
ڿһ˸㿪õ棬ŻʨĺȥͬʱеĴ󽣴żƿ֮Żʨͷ­ȥ
οǿնУѸ͵ӿ˳˫˫֣ڴ֮ϡ
䡭
صĴ󽣺ݺݵ˻ʨͷϣʨͷ­һ룬޴¡¡ˤڵϡ
սһ࣬Ҳˡ
漴ͱҵĻһٱݵݵĿء
𡭡
ĺ󷽴һŭ𣬸ղŰһ˲͵๥˹

󺰣Щ͵Уֻг˷ǳ侲ڿص˽⣬ɱһѰǻʨһֻڣɱǲ⡣ԣȰ˸˸ûȥأһֱʱϵĹٱﻶó󺰡
һ󺰾еĹٱеĹٱͶսǴʱﰲ࣬δйųǵСؽЩ͵赲ʮ֮⡣
̨֮ϵ֣購һʨһ˲ڿԼĶӣһľΪֻʨĶӷǳס
ǣͿ˳Ŀأ˿Ǳѵһ
һֱ飬֮ǰȻҲһֻֻеĴУҲǧȥӭȴûпصƣûпص͡еĴУͿȣȫΣһɱԶԶģڸ̨ϵ֣購ܹоõ
ǾǾ˳õɱ¾ܹеɱȫеĴУܹġ֣購һִĴУͿضֻҪͷųֲҵɱԴݻٶԷģ׵նɱԷ
ǵ峤ٽҲûɱʧһУûնɱһʱҼ󣬵Ҳķ˼һӵʱŽֻնɱп˸ɴࣿ
ֲóܹ׵նɱٽߣЩڿռѷкɱ߹Ȼǵһֱڹźƽܹȵġ
֣購ųŸˣһظܹ̾Ÿð
һͨѶԱ˹棬ͱԳһֻ
֣ٷɫһԮ𣿡
ûУˣҲиĴУΧɱ
ǾͲҪˣغǵء
֣ٷͨѶԱ֮ͨǳȴûԼһջܿȥеЩҪֲҵսԼһУܹնɱһֻܹ˵ʵս̫٣ֻвϵȥܹĩûܹǡ
ȻԼʮӺǸͨѶԱ棬츣ѾնɱǸֹ˴ԼСʱֱϢ겻ҡͷи̾ɱһҪôʱ䣬ЩУսʵ̫ˡ
ʱĺ󷽴һ߿ĺУȻͿʼˡ
е˶һǳҲ⡣ĸıɱߡ
պ˵ʧ֣ٷĨһϵĺˮƣ˵
꣬ǻȥɣ
ã
ͷʯ˸֣ٷŷȥ˳ž˾ʻȥ
ص˱򵥵غ͸ĸ˵˵﹥ǵ飬Ȼȥϴһ衣ӵ˳ʱʯҲϴ裬˱ڴͳĸĸš
ʱ֣購֣ٷ˫˫
֣˾֣ˡĸĸվ
ϳ̫ˣ˵ٻˣ֣Ϳˡ֣購Це˵УСӽʲôٷˡ
ôԣĸĸЩн
վٷ壬
֣購֣ٷЦ£֣購ҲĨǣֱӶԳ˵꣬Ĳܹ£
ҡҡͷԲ𣬲
ˣ֣購һӵҿԺ㵥̸̸𣿡
վ룡
һķ䣬֣購Զ˶Щơ˫Ĭ˴Լӵʱ䣬֣購бǸ˵꣬мҪ㡣
ûֻǽѯʵĿ֣購
溰ֺҪٷĻˡ


396 
֣購ֱų꣬ȴɫû˿ı仯жԳи߳һ˵ҵʱûٷȥװûҪʵΡҳ˽ĵġʲô˽ģһ˵ֻϣܹԭ֮ǰΪ
֣購һڴؿԼ국˵ҵʵǿɱˣͻȫʲôҲûз
ǣ֣購شʮֹ
ؿһۣаܹλõ˹Ȼ򵥡ɫû˿ı仯ɵʵҲԭҪң֪ҹң뵽һңž˵ɡ
ǣ֣購ܹͬϵ˵һ˵
ˣһֹס֣購㻹˽Щߡ
һ¼˵׼ȷ˵㻹˽ЩһֱڵصռѷеߣûǸ򡣡
ʲô򣿡֣購һ˿оԼаյʧȥԼƿء
ֹ򣡡˵ҪˣǻһʱɱԷߵ硣ĩյʱٵĻ̣ٹһ꣬ͻ̵⡣
ҡûɱǣ
֣購Ŀʼһ˿ҡԭȻԳһ˿η壬ȴûôη塣Դ˿׾ٵɱһ֮󣬲ŷԼǿ˳һˡضܹ׾ٵɱһΪһ˵Ķӳأ
˾ܴУܵߺΧɱλٽ峤ûֳʵ
Ǵһ֣購Գ˺η壬֪ԼŴľӣڳ߻ûжвʹܹɱ˵ɶʧԼҲδؼܹ
ûɱңұɱҲ⡣ҪǲôģѾҪɱжߵУ뷨ǺҪҪж˵ʵ֣Ҳǵҵĸĸһϵɱ㡣
֣購ɫһͣȴһĺһ뵣ǡĵǳȻ˵仰֤Լ飬ǵǿչ˳길ĸҲͺԼ֮ǰԳʵж໥ġ
Ȼ𣺡ҼҵĸĸҲʮָл֣Ҹĸչˣ֣ģҺܿͻ뿪ʲô
Ȼ˵Ļ֣購̾ϢһϾһƬɬЩڣԼΪʲôҪһ³أǲԳ꣬ôܹ֪汾£Լе齻и
ֻѾһɫοڣ
ʹˣ˼ҳܹӦ
˵Ĵַ֣購һĩշ飬Ȼûдﵽ˵Ѿˣò˶ãͻúͳ˵һģһ
ĩյվߵ簡
ҲֻǾؿŶɫӵ֣購֪֣購ǰԲֻǺԼ̹£һ
죬֣購ɬؿڵ꣬ˡٷ塭
֣磿
ɫˣ֮ǰ˾С¥⣬֣ٷжѾͨ翴ղȻ֣購˵ĺǾǶ֣購ڳΪԼǷ֣ٷĶ顣֣ٷ飬Բܹܡ
ǣɫ˱仯֣購ϣ꣬ʵ֮ǰ֮ҪʵΪٷ壬ԭҵ˽ֻ㿴ٷϣٷһѡ
֣羿ôˣ΢΢ֱӡ
ûʲô֣購ͳ˵ܹ꣬뿪֮Ҫȥ𣿡
ȥǣȻȥǡ
̫ˣ֣購ֳ֮ɫܹٷȥ𣿡
֣ȥǣֳ֮ɫﲻǺܺǿľӣŲչˣΪʲôҪȥǣ
֣購ֳ˿Ц꣬㿴ĶǱϵʵľƷǳΣա֮ǰ֪㣬ӵصִʱٷҰȥӴġ֮ҪʵȫΪٷ塣
˵һ۳꣬̾һ꣬ŴľӣҲŴûôڵӵ
˲ˣѾһ³ǡԭŹṩǸҩѾ£һֱžĴ档ĵҩһյʱЩľǰǲһ
ֻ߲ܹԿЩͨٱûȥɱһ㡣
˵еĵҩһյʱҲг֮ʱǸʱߴӿֵ֣ܹǸʱеƿȨһ֣購
λõһźܶңһȨ¾ʱֲ̡ҪԼĶ֣ٷ͵ǡ
˼ɫ֣購ε˵꣬˰ɣ
˵ͷ֣ҲǴӦÿҩɣ
֣購ͷҩ豸˵УûвϰҵɳһֲɱУռݼԭӵеĿ㣬ֻжҪ꾡ļƻΪ漰õռݣ⡣οδܹʵ֡


397 
Ҳ֣購˵еֻЩԼ޹أŵһߡԼҪŸĸǰǣһ֣ٷҲûʲô˵ġһҲǳ׻֣ٷĶ顣ΪһߣԸǷľ顣
˾㿪ʵ֣֣ȥ˾֮󣬿Ͷĵط
仰֣購оһɣ¶Цݵҵĸھر˾֮ٷ͵رˡ
ãӦˡˬصͷ
лл֣購վųؾһȻԳ˵뿪ʱҪʲôֱӺ˵ֻҪеģҶǡ
ҡҡͷҲûʲôҪģʱ׼ͨĳˡ
֣購۾Ծʵ滹ܹ˳Щ
ǺǡҲε˵ǾܵЩĹһ·кܶ೵ܹҵõĳһ·϶һΣ˳һΡϵػٶܹһ㡣
˽˵˵һЩ飬֣購òĸǣ꽫͵⡣
ص˷ڣĸ׵ĵʵС֣꣬˾ʲô飿
ûʲô£ֻ뿪ʱ֣ϣ͵ǡվڴ˵
ŶǾͰϰɡ֣⼸һֱǳչǡ
֪ˣ֣
ڴţĸĸܹڸǰȻҲʮֵ͸ˣҲų˵Щϡ£ʱϼ䡣
ӳʲôʱ뿪
ɣȥһһǽ˼һ꣬ȻõʵȴҲ̫ƣ񾭱̫ˡ
ţ
ҲͷҲһɡһʱ̫ˣҲųһֱŷǳ޵еı֣ѱо˱ˡܹú죬˵̫ʱˡ
񿴵ɴڣؾǺͽǶӦû⣬ԼļҲӦǰȫģҲеĵġһѵõؼ֮俪ʼЦ˾ΥЦ
ЦվſȥȻ֪֣ٷ档Ųһ˲ͽ˳ȥ
򿪷ţ֣ٷӭ˽һսϲӲʱȴ˫Ŀͨ졣һǸոտ޹
ʱ֣ٷ飬Լ뿪ϸ֣ٷ꺺βѹ
ĬĬصһˮŵ֣ٷǰȻĶ£ʱҲ֪˵ʲôֻܹĬȻԶԡ
꣬лл
죬֣ٷôĸ֡Цҡͷ֣磬ֵ֮䲻˵Щ
꣬ںìܡ֣ٷ۾ͨųꡣ
صͷԼҲǧظϻԼĸĸ֣ٷ뿪Լĸĸǰǣ֣ٷҪǲìܣ귴ǣʱҲ֪ο֣ٷ棬ֻĬĬ
ʯ̲ס˵֣Ҳڴϰﲻʲôæ˵㸸׵һƬġľƺúһ㸸ʲôҪ㱨ǵģ㽫ЩȥͨѶѶϣǷҲ˽е״ҲΪϢþǷиȫ˽⣬֮ȡϵ֧Ԯĸס
֣ٷ۾һ԰Ҫǵ϶УҪս֮ǰǲ˽״ĩһɽѣ˺ܶ෿ݣص׵ͨѶ¶Ϊؿǵı䶯ѣͨѶȫжϡԼʱе鱨ǰǣҲооˡ
뵽ڵһվͻȥ͸
䣬ҴǶȥ꽫֣ٷ˳ȥͷʯ˵Ҫǳȥ䣿
ãʯҲվȥһ¡
ؼҲЦվǻûȥ䡣
Ÿ˺ͳĸĸ֮û鷳Ҫ߳˾ţй
ʱǰ죬ɢ΢⣬ֻ΢ʮ΢ֻܹԼԼرϳ˵״
ǵƻͨǴɺǺڰŸ˾΢֮йţгûдڼﱣĸ
˴ԼСʱң˾ʧȥȤЩɺ˵ȥɣںûʲôɿġ
Ҳͷתžķȥ
ҪȥǸɣʯͻȻ˵
ֻ΢Ѱ˼һ±ͷҲãȥҲûʲô顣
ŸĿģ㲻ɵļȥԼʮҵʱ䣬Ǹһ¥ǵǰȻ䣬˵ɫһ䣬ǿкܶΧ¥ǰ
ѵɳ飿
Ÿ˽һ̷ֿȥЩƿ˻ŭػͷųˣſڸŭǼ˱뺷̬ʶȤرͣ
˺ܿ뵽¥оһȻɼҵĴųţʬ˵ϣſװ˹ص˳ˡ
ߵſڣװ߸ҪڣȴĿغ·˹ֽǵǽϣ̸оһɴǼǽڣ
߽˷ţѸٵչ
ǽźܶ൯ۣӵ֮Ķڵϣڵϻﱧһճմģ
滹װˣϻȾѪ֮оһϤˣȴҵ峤츣


398 
ڵŰ˸ˣʱѾʬϻŰ֧ǹԽҵɵļңֻǲ֪츣ô
ʱװ˼˽Ƕ¶˽䱸֮ɫһҲʣһȭųŴ˹
ʱ겢֪ʲôãҲɱֻ֣һץסǸ˵ȭͷԱһǸ˾ĵˤڵϡ⼸˼״Ҫǧȴ츣ȵס֣
ȻܺڰΪٽڳˣôһ츣ϳ˳꣬оһѵ껹ǿʲôϵʱ֪ǿ
ס֮츣ǰų깰ֵ
Դ֪˿˲ɱһ֮츣ڳһҲηҲֱ֡
峤⾿ʲô飿
Ǽɫһ䣬ǿǴ峤Ŀе֪˳ôһˣٽҺżҼɱˣߵҲǣ˵һصˣһоɱһĿⲻɶη壬رǸղźͳ궯ֵˡ
ʱûǸ˼ǣֻǽĿ츣츣̾һҺǿ
ǵֻ֪֪ղŷʲô飿ܴ³ش츣Ļ
츣ɫȴû˿ı仯ЩҲһȻҪǱô˵峤ͳȥƴˡ
ǣ仰ǳ˵ģǾ;÷ǳȻǿԭӦˣùܱ˵뷨ʱ򻹿ͿǲӦ
Ҫһǿˡȴû뵽ҪɱǿǾͳˡԭҪһʣû뵽ԷҲйȻɱˡ
ͷ츣ĻܷĳһԲߵɵĸǰɨеʬ壬ɫһɵĸȷʵѾˡ
ʱ츣Ҳߵɵǰ˵ǿڰ
ֻǴسŻеĸףҲᣬֻǱݵɫڰڲס
츣̾Ϣһӻͳһӷŵ˵ϣ˵ܱǸûסڣ֪ĳ˭Ȿϵؼ㱨ѩޡ
ͬûпǱؼһ㣬ɴŻĸס
츣ĬƬֳ̣̾һɵļĵԼأϷˣ

ڿ˵ˣд˻ơ츣۵׾Թһ˿ϲɫĿɡ
һֻνǱؼ츣ƣ˻˵峤ջȥ޹»
츣ɫһ۵һ˿ŭ⣬ǿͶԣǺܺõؽһ˿ŭѵϵؼĬĬվȥ
峤˻Ƶһ𣺡Ķ»סҽԼ飬һر峤ݶ顣
츣ɫһҲûлͷֻһ뿪ɵļҡ
ָֻ˳ţãʵɣΪʲôǱؼ
Ҳܹܣҡͷ˵ҽΪǶж֮ˣҲҾҵĳ֮С
ͷɵӡѾǳãĩУܹ˶Թǲ࣬ԱʯҲ¶˾֮ɫ
׼Σʵ
ɵͷһ̧ͷųʵǾǽǰߴչļ˰ɣ˵һоͽһնɱ
Ŀ˶һŻص˵ͷ

³һų˵ǺԽӵ̫󣬿һҲ˳𡣡
䵭
ΪұԸΪū͡
¶һ˿Ц㲻ԸңѵͲң
ؿų˵ʵ㣬ֻܹǲͬʵұ𡣡
ҲҪūͣվӺɷԼĳԼΪū㱨ҿˡ
䣬ʯ˵߰ɡ
Եȣ
ɶԼĸĿڣڽԼ꣬ǳΪҲֻͣ˽Ųûлͷ
ԵĻȻϣܹԼ𣬲ˡǣѾûбĻˡ
ûбĻ᣿һ𣬲ת˫ĿƵɡҽɣľ񲨶۲û˵ѡ
֪㿴ңԼŮѺĸ׵ĳҪˣⲻһ˵Ϊ
ûֻþε
ڳľУɵϳ˿ɬѾ˶ˣԼֻµҵʵڸɱԽԲſ㣬ܹڿԽʬ塣
˵վĸ׷ŵĴϣȻٴ˳ǰ˫ϥһ򣬹˳ǰԲҸղΪܹΪұû˵ֻµҵĻȻֻҪӦΪұڣҸʲôҾ͸ʲô
ʱȴûɵķģֵʵôֻ֪µ
ɫһԴ֮󣬱һֱĥνҵΪֻϣѩޡûʦָ㣬ֻܹԼһЩ飬󵨳ԡû뵽ҵʵõ


399 ˼
ֻǵȥұо彥زʣͬһŻҪճɻҽһҵʵû˿Ľ˲Ϊÿ춼Ҫ󲿷ʱѹڵŻ𡣡
Ծһ㶣û뵽ɻǴ󵨣ȻԴôԴ
οͨ˲ͬԭлϵܡͨԴΪûԪҲʲô˺ڿŻϵܡһ߲˾ĻԷٶ
ߵɵĸǰץס󣬽һ˿Ԫ͸ɵڣͬʱԼľ͸ڣ۲ڵ״
ûж֪óһ£ϣ
һ˿Ԫɵţ۲һ˿Ԫߵ·ڳ꾫Ĺ۲£׵ؾҵѾͨľ
ֳ˾֮ɫɾȻѾͨʮһһȫùˣȻԼԼϵسһʮֵ𾪡
ǣͨʮһȴżǴģþ۲죬ھеȺ˳Ҳԡзÿյ˺һʹ࣬ҴͨľԽ࣬ʹҲԽ
꿴һۣǲ֪ôܹʹࡣ
ھ˽Ҫκһ˶Ϊ˶ֻǴͨʮǶڵľҲֻ˽⵽ʮǳȴǴͨһڵľҪ˸ӵ˽⡣
ڵľʮָӣһߴͨʮͿԽУߡʮشͨ˳ġÿŲͬ˳΢һͻصĽ
ʱȻ֪ԴĹô£ľȴ֪ٴͨˣ˲ˣҲͱ˴򶷣ֻһͨˣȴҲܹʮ꣬ɲͬŻϵܣʹɲ򶷣ڵĻϵҲԶתҲӵ֮ˣһʵͻͽԭ
ڳУЩʯϵļᵽϵ˹ʽܣʯϵļǻͬʣʣˮʣʣʵȡ
ӵʵȻ°빦
ǣʶڴʱ˵ȴһѣ˵ģʹɲ򶷣ǻϵҲԶתȷʵ¡
ңΪĴʹڵĻϵܻڷɢѾ˼⣬Ȼǹ࣬ǸʱҲȼʱ
üͷ΢΢һƾ磬ʼЩʯϲŻϵȻЩϵѰʺɴʱѹ
ѡһʯϵĹǸֹֽͳǳֻͬһеȹҪͨһֻҪͨʮȻͿԽУߡ
֮ѡΪҪͨʮаѾͨʮһֻҪɸıԪھе˳·ͿԽɽ⡣
ǣǽɽ⣬ǰص⡣ǾĻϵѾ˼⣬γ˻𶾣ҪڵĻ𶾱Ƴ
Ҳûа취Գʵǳһҩ껹ܹڵĻ𶾱ƳȻϵܵת֮Сţɵʵһͻͽ
ҵ˽İ취겢ûչüͷüͷø
ʱǵӦӦþɣʣڵĻʵԻڶʱͻͽ
ܹһ£ôĩյԼĺð֡ĳѾǸոսǸˣѾ˺֪ܶ࣬ƾԼǻҲ벻˼
ҪԼַֻܹʹõĽɫ䵱һӵˡ
ǡ
ɻĵͶԼ
˼ţʶĵεΡ̧ͷһһݵɣоͻȻһһТӣԹһ仰ҳТӣüͷչðա
һֱעųɫչüͷʵԸΪұ𣿡
ҡҡͷȷŵһߣ˵˵Դ׹
ɵüëһԴĹ
ͷԴ׹ǲ֪ôܹڡ˵ûȷʵ¡
һȻ˵ΪԴĴ󹦷ڵĻϵ˼γ˻𶾣ЩĹ͸ڡ
֪ɵ˵ԡ
ֹסɵǣҲǲȡ
ܹȣ۾ĲšһߣûʦڣûϵͳҲôãҲ֪˴󣬾̣ô˵ܹȣ
Ҫ㼡еĻа취ξ޸ĹҪһʱ䡣
굱ȻֱӸһ׹˵ɻỳɣǴʱվڳʯҲỳɡԣ˵Լ޸Ĺһͻʯ˵иӵأӵظߴ
Ҫ֪Դһ޸һȫͬ񻪹ּߣܹͬĹġûȥ޸ĹȴǼΪѡ


400 ʦ
һʮ˾Ȼ˵ܹ޸Ĺ˵˽ɣΪѾ˽ʯ壬صҲһʱĿɿڴȫĲš
Դǹϵĵƹŵ棬ȻֽĻҳĨȥȻһָڵϻѾͨʮһͼָ׵ؽӲˮ滭һĿֻ̺ۣǲһӵʱͽʮһͼ˳תͷɵľͼûɣ
ӳ꿪ʼڵϻʱɺʯ˾ͽˮϵͼʯ˻ˣȻܹϳһͼǻûжķӦų껭ľͼƣһԵѾˡ
ԼľȻ֪ô¶񿴵껭ľͼԼͨľ𾪼䣬˳ʣѵһڿˮĿ¶ľڰڵס
ǡ
ʯ˾һ㶣̶һ
⡭Ȼľͼֻ̽һܹ׼ػͼǶôߵļ԰
һʼʹˡ
һʼʹˣ𾪵ų
ţͷװ˼״˴Լӵʱ䣬̧ڵϵľͼϿ̻һ׹Ѿ˳Ĺģ󲿷ֻǲġֻͨĵһӦ
˵ָָŵϵһ˵Ȼָֽղȥ˵ӦȴͨȻڰͨľ˳ԪתԪЩط˳Ҫԭе˳еĵ͵˳Ҫһ£ھ͵ʮ˳Ҫһ¡ȻͲܹټȥΪﻹҪһֻڻûá
Χǳÿ˶͵ų꣬ⷬⷬٶѾγǶڳ˽⡣
¾񻪹Ҳܹô̵ʱ޸һɣ
ôԣ
һʮôһ㣿
ͨҲûʲôΪǲߡ߿֪һжѣҪվһʲôĸ߶ȡ
ʲôĸ߶ȣ
ǾҪվһʦĸ߶ȣͺñ񻪹Ǹ߶ȡǳԲǡ
ǣųƶ̬־ԲſڿӡҳҲûбҪſڿӵȥƭɣһֻˣʵԶԶ꣬бҪƭֵóƭĵط
ɻڵϷɵʯȴҩҩҺͺķ
Ȼоһѵܹ޸Ĺ
˵Ȼʵûдﵽʦľ磬Ѿﵽ˴ʦľ硣
ʲô
ųδһ˲䣬أ·˹Ԫһֲڻؼң͸ųĳ嶯
װ˼ͼģйʮҵʱ䣬Ż˵׹޸û̫ѶȣǺĹҪܾõʱ䡣
ɴʱоԼ˼άƺֹͣˣ˵Լһַơջһûοδ֮һڴų˵ܹΪ޸ĹġʲôҶΪȥ
˰ֵĿǰ㻹ܹ֮ǰȥڵĻ𶾡ɣȰѲĸˣȻԼѰһطס£ϰ˵ڰĸ׵ĵط档
ã
ɲڶԣصڼ䱧ĸ׵ʬ壬ڵһĨͽǿ̻ľͼĨȥȻһѸٵ뿪ʧ˺ڰ֮С
һ氲ɵĿǰ˫͸ǡѸٵʧںڰ֮Уһž˾ȥ
ӳܹ𶾣޸Ĺͯսʵ
ţӦÿԣֻҪѵʱ䡣˵
ͯսɫһ˿𾪣ĬĬʯƫͷųΪʲôɱ𣬽£
ҡҡͷԽǵĶӣǾĸ˾ҰǸӸɱˣ֪᲻Ļҡھһ£һ˻ң˭ڵİա
㶼ĬĬͷǴҵﶼ֣ܲǸϣʱɵΣ
ǡ˵
ʲôʯ˶Ǿһ
ɱǸ֣֮購ܹܿؿסƿصľӡ
ӳҹ֣購źìܣǺ֣購һΣӦû⣬Ͼ֣購Ǵ˾յľʵҪǡǰûжûаգǵİæӦûһѡλϵˣ˺˯
ҲãȥҾ֣購һ¡
ص˾Ӫıȴ֣ٷ棬Ÿ˺֣ٷкΪ˵֣ٷɫȴ΢䣬ܹоŸλγһѵ͡вɸ̾ŸѾսڽճС
ҵĸѾеһ¼U֮УϰȫһЩ
˵֣ٷȡһU̵ݸ˳ꡣҲûƴǣȷʵǷԼȫUװŵ¶ȴս֮С
֣購ܹôҪĶԼϣҲ֤ʱ֣購ȫԼʵףҲ֣購ѶΪ֣֮ٷóЩҪ֪U̵УҲסԾʹ󷽵ؽꡣȻǲмȥ͵ġ


401 
ȴҲ֤֣購˺Ļ˫̹ϵ̸ǣ֣ٷ֣磬Ҫ֣˾
̸̸֣ٷɫһ漴ʵʲôʱ򣿡
ԽԽãڡ
֣ٷ̴վϾȥҵĸס
ٷܿ뿪ˣֺܿط˻ֻǺĸһ뵽֣購Ҳֱӵʵ꣬ҡ
ţ̸
վ֣購¥ȥ뵽һ䣬˫ڳڵһþˣûмӵ豸ó֣購ӵĸоࡣ
֣購ѯʵ񣬳Ҳֱӵ˵֣ҽǸɱˣӻ᲻ң

仰Ľ֣購ùǺܿؾ侲ûлش⣬ʵΪʲôҪɱǸӣ
Ҳûʲôģɻ֣ٷһԼ뿪ЩҲסҲûбҪ㽫ɵԭԭ˵֣購
֣購˼һǸֵô
Թһ˿Цݵ֣ûкôҲҲա
֣購ɫһ죬֣購кôкܴĺôԼղŵʻҪռıˣڰ꣬óǷԼһ顣
ʶԼ˼֣購Ҳȥֻͣǹϵ˵ֻҪ֣購Ӻĸˣȫƿء
ĸ겻һЦ֣購ҲһЩصʵ֣購̽鵽ˡ֣購һЩʵҲǡ
֣購ɫࣺϸؽܡ
ڳ뿪ɼ֮󣬶ǽǵһӰվ־ؿһ۳ʧķ뿪
һ׷ɱʧ֮ԽͶһۣҪ֪˭ɡԣηɵľס֮ɱ֮⣬һ˴ͨ˵ģھסȺУǽţ·һÿһ㡣
Ǹ˺ܿһ¥ڣȵٳʱѾ˾װϱ
ãǸ˾ͽ˾ѸٵԽķ⡣
棡

Ǹ˽뵽Խķ䣬žһһ
ôˣɿɱˣԽһŴ칫ĺ棬ضŶľˡ
ʧˣȥ˶ˣ
Խûзֻ۾гɱ⣺˭
ң츣ȥˣȥʵôû˿֮رɱ
ңԽĿһô˵һҲҰæѵɼң
񣡺뿪ˣɼҵӡ
ʲô
һҲȥɵļңģ֮ǰʶɸųһˡ
Խ΢΢۾һ˵ϴξɵ˺ܾܿǳǡ
пܣ
ãԽڵһվųһˣܿѾ֮˳ǡҪȥס
ǵ鷿ڡ
ԽĽһ˫üë˵ɲûкͳһǳһ֣ٷ潫֣購ҵ˱̸һСʱ
֣꣬購һСʱԽɫҲˡ
˳ĬһԽĵʵ֣ǻ᲻ֽǡ
ǳܣҪ׼һ£ơ
ʱڶ¥ķεҩҩǻ𶾵Ŀǣܹų⡣æ˴ԼһСʱóƿεҩʵһƿҲ㹻ˣֶֻⷢһƿ
ڶ졣
Ÿ˾ܾ֣ٷ㣬뿪˾Ѹٵʧںڰ֮С
ڷĸ׵ķǰѾɣֻǵͷϵ˵ȥھסĵط
Ҳתʹų뿪ոձʮףͻȻͣתͷʯͿ˵ʯ壬أ鷳̻صҵĸĸ
غʯɫһ䣬ͬʵʲôˣ
뿪ʱҷ˸ǣҲһߣˮƽܸߡǵٶȲǣǸ˦ˡԭΪ֣購ˣҸղͻȻ뵽ܿˡ
ô᣿
ˣɫʮѿӦڴɼҵżǵˣûע⡣Խͻ֪Ǻ֮ʶȻǻȥ̺֣֮購̸ǸϺѾ³ҪԸҺץҸĸвҡ
ˣ̻ȥ
ʯͿһ仰֮󣬱ҴҵȥʯͿȥıӰüͷ̾һ鸴ˣ˵תͯսӱͯսӱҲ̷ؾȥ֣購ҵƴǸ֣購Ȼ߱
ǣӳͯսӱҲɿʧںڰ֮С
ɽͰ͵˵
µû˵ǸӾһǾǸɱˣֻ漰ӣˣرˣܿӵĶңҪ֣購ĺ
ͨ
ɹ˳ǰݺݵοͷ̧ͷԳ˵ܲҽҵƣӴ˿ҵˡ
ҡҡͷЦ㻹ǲܹҽƣɣʶһҵֶΡ


402 
εվͰ͵˵ǣš
߰ɣ
ʯͿ˻ȥԼĸĸҲЦɵļںڰзɿشţԼȥһСʱңһĴ¥
һĴ¥¥ȫˣҲһõķ䡣ǣ治֪ôҵģԽѰѾˮƽ
ⶰ¥ķһǣƿһˮ壬¶һոڳõͨȻɾ˽ȥҲں档
Լǰңڳǵǰǳһ䣬𻵵ò·˹Զվ˱ɵλãԪһ˳ͨ˻ȥƿˮȥֽˮָԭںڰС˵ԭһˣںڰиͿ
ȡһƿεҩںڰУƿҩ˸εĹâ
ˣȻϥ£Ҫ˹
ɽӹεҩɵش˸ӣ׺˽ȥϥڵϡʱѾԼ˳꣬˿˼ɡ֪Լ˿ˣҲΪ
һֱþɣһ֮ϵļ⿪ʼŤδκˮϻϵļر˺ɫɽҧأǿʹܹܹڳǰˡ
оԼҪʹûԹȥʱоһַֻͷһ˿˿Ԫֻ͸뵽ڣʼͣƽ˼⣬͡
ֻ˴ԼСʱҵʱ䣬εҩǿЧͳԪĽ£ڵĻųһɶ
꽫ͷɿȻһɫĺˮСʱڳ˵ֱȺһսҪۡսԴ󿪴ϣˡųڵĻȴҪС񾭱˼㡣·һʧɳûϣ
ʱҲоԼ˺ܶ࣬ҲûҪյĸоб֪ԼڵĻѾȫɹųдʱ˶Գ޾ĸм֮⣬ڳܹ޸Լ֮ʱһĺϣ
תǰл
ʱҲ˵ϣ˵ûȫȬֻǽڵĻˡһʱʱƣֻ𶾡
ǡô죿
ܼ򵥣һЦڰ¶һŽ׵ݣֻҪȷĹͲٲ𶾣ʵͻͽ
ȷĹɫȻصͷͻȻм̧ͷŽߵĳ˵޸ĵĹǷ
΢ЦͷȻܣǾרΪ޸ĵġ뿪ʼסӵȻѾͨЩס͵˳򽻻һ£ھ͵ʮ˳򽻻һ¡ʮͣԷʮȴܹһΪﻹҪһûá
˷̵ܵͷŻɵھ̿ʼһԹۿ
껹ЩģϾɲǴͷʼĻԼϹѾͨʮһҲ֪᲻⣬ԲžΪɻ
ϥǽԼƽȻؽ껭ľͼ͵ʱĽ飬ſʼС
ڵܱʼСػسųӵȥʵȥĵһıϲѶرǻϵܣȼյķʽҪ߸˺ܶࡣֻһҵʱɱͨ˳ӵĵһȻ˳Ѿͨľʼתֻǽ͵ھ͵ʮ˳򽻻һ£ûѶȡ
ɴͨ˵һ֮̾͸о˲ͬشͨ˵һʱȻоԼʵͬʱǼ˵ʹࡣ
ͬͨ˳Ϊָĵһʱ򣬰ļȵˬڴͨĹ˺Ѱʹ˲ʧ·ӵɽãͬںĶȪ棬ůġ
һˣ޸ĵĹԵȷ𾪳֮⣬ǼȵľϲŸжĿʼڵܵŽԼѾͨľ
ŻϵһתԽԽˬʮȫתһʱоԼԭеһЩ˶ʼ޸
ǹϵչûзҪм꣬ǳڶ˵ȶ͸һĸĸûκ
ʱĳҲʮοԼΪѡĻûʲô⣬ɵʻǲڽΪԼһİ֡
ʱѾչûйڳǰҲûелֻվĬĬվ˳
̾˼Ҳʮָˡܹص᳹ױ¶ԼҪԸǸӵܡ
ɣЩҪĴߡ
˵ȡһЩˮɵԱߡɵĿ˸һ£ȻֳóЩȴûʡֻǵˡ
ֹסҪˣԽҵ֣߽Ҷӳ
Ѱ˼һ£ûнг֣ҲûнӳɳƺΪܹ޸ĹˣǾǴʦܹдʦ֣ӳҲУֻ³߲ſԱ˳ƺһдѧʵˡһ£ֻСƺܹǿϳݡ


403 У
ɿǸӵжʼ֮ʱܹҲμӡ
û⣬ʱһǰ㡣ֻҪˡ
ллɸм˵
̧ļȻ·˹˵߰ɣ
ǣӳ
·˹˵˱仯ǰֻ𾴣Ǵʱȴ˳ݡ
ܹɹ޸Ĺ˰ǴʦĴڰ
ʱЩ˵кɣֻҪ겻һɳΪ񻪹Ĵڡ񻪹ڳʱҲû԰ɣ
˺ܿؾͻص˾ָĸãĲŷϴ裬극꼸˾ݶ֮Ͽš
ʱڹȥ΢⽥ʧȫĺڰٴνڵ֮ϡ
ͻȻһδ
밵
㣬ǰ㣿
ճɺڰģҲ߶ġ
ޱ޼ʵĺڰǧŲ䣬Щȴ֮ʱͻᱬըعڰ
ǣʱһ
ľǶݵ
ǻعڰ֮󣬱ֻ¾ۼȻһǡַǲҲԿһʽ㣿
ڵԪͻȻ궯ڵԪʼתγһУŵԪеתоһİʼԼڻۡ
İûȴоǿҪ֮ǰԼԪǿ֪ٱ
ЩãȻ⻹һθоڵԪԶתԼʱŻᷢ״
ǣȴ֪ԼһֻԵ̴ӷ˫ȴ̣תǳ뵽֮С
ͬʱչҪǿİʲô
ոսͷ˳ȥͿһЩǹԼڻۣȻǳת£˳ž֮󣬽뵽
ڡ
ԭɫ״Ԫǵ㣬Ҳлתţͬǳһ㡣ֻǵ㻹ʮϡ٣ֻʮţҲʮֵعһǵڴ֮󣬽뵤뵽Ԫ֮С
ǡ
ЩԻ֪Щǵ㾿ЩʲôͻȻһʯȻڿȴû֮ɫ·ֻԻôͻȻڷûпʱںڰҹǵ㣬ͬǺһųڷӵ
΢΢۾бȻЩǵֻܹԼľи֪Ӿȴǿġ
꽫չ˼ޣ˳ǺԴͷѰȥȻ䣬оһȻľΪޣѰǵԴͷȴȷһ£ǾЩǵԸ߸ߵգҲ˵档
ǳѵЩǵǳ֮ǿռŤѾ˹
ԣ
ڰѾ΢⣬֤ռѾɶֻҹ䣬ǳ̫Զǹ̫Ȼһ˿˿ǹ͸ռϣҲѾӾĵز
ǿȴζǲڣԼھеĸ֪֤ǵĴڡ
ΪʲôԼھи֪ѵΪԼ˹Ҳԭ򣿡

ʶڷȥ˾ˣ궯Χͣǰмٵ͡ںȻиӵȷԼڹĶԼľʵ˫õȫµĸı䡣
ȻʶǾĺڼٵͣؿʼͣ͡տʼ껹ǳ˷ܺͼоʹ࣬˵ʹࡣ
ڳʶƺһĤʶסѾǲĤ͵˼㣬ȴܵʹࡣֻԴһҪզĸоʶʼ˻Եơ
ԲԼĸоʵԼܹͻǲĤʶڵľ͵˼ʱ򣬾ͻᡰ顱һըԼԴͻһŵһը
ʱ죬ϵļⶼʼŤıֱʯ˿һᵽɤۡǶ׳ǵͻƵٽ㣬ҲΪΣյʱ̡вͻ߻ħ
ʹԼ侲ʹؽҧƣָһЩǣѸٵ˼Ű취ֻԺбըһʹоʮѡ
أԺͬǧڲͣһ㡣ǣһ˲һĸоȴһ֡Լ־Ĺ־Ĺǽ۳״һ״͸ԷĴԣƻԷľ
ʱԼʶڵľһ״ǲĤƣȻԵ棬ǲǾͿͻƱϣ뵽Ʒ˼
ʱѾݳ˼ѾоԼԴҪըˡ̿ʼʶ۳һ룬ȻǲĤתشȥ
ԴԽԽʹڽػԣǳؼתǸ롣
ʯѾվϾǵĺͽ֮ɫʱ֮ѾʼѪϵɫʹ಻
ۡ
ʶһǳĤƣǸ΢СӿȥѸٵؽǸ΢СȻǲĤ˲ʶڵľͬһӿһոµǳлδһ򣬳ľͻƵƷ˼
ǣʱѾûʱȥᾫͻƵΪʱڵԪҲﵽͻƵٽ㡣
䡭
һͬسһޱ޼ʣԼ֪Լĵ﾿ж㡣
Уڣ
ɫѾָƽϴδоôҲδоǿ


404 ɵ
ǽԼľͷ˳ȥоһϲʱľѾַܹԲǧסǧڵһжôδйһҳƯĹ켣ɼ
껺ջ˾ʮֵ˷ܡôˣڽͻƵƷ˼˵֮ڣۿŵڵ״
ʱڵѾɢ֮ڶɵģҪûͻ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣڳ껹У۷ʱĵ֮ʮֵŨǴʱȴͬһɴףΪԼĵˣԪϡˣűô
ڱԪ֮ǵ㣬ֻЩǵ㻹ʮ΢Сͬҳһ㡣ȴ˸ǹ⣬ĵ֮ڱʮֹ
껺طֳһ˿Сؿеһ˸ǹĻҳھ˸ǹĻҳһ˲䣬͸о˰ҳڴ˳
ô΢СһҳȻ̲ۺջ˾дϲ
ʱĳѾףԼѡǸǳһⵤ֮ڵǵӦǳ֮
ûм۾ջ˾Ȼ󽫾͸У˿ǳǸʯϵڡ
һڣǳѶϢֽ뵽ʶִͷһ飬ԼһεõǳʱһģһǳȴüͷѵҪҴﵽУ۷ʱֺܹĹ
ξ߾ʱھԶξǳĹ˳ͨһĹﵽξ۷ʱָУߵǳ
ʱЩڴԼﵽ˴У۷壬ӻԼһʲôĽ
³һ۾Χʯ϶һϲӳô
ͻˣųЦݣУڡ
̫ˣ˷׷ϲϲӳ
ڰֵֻУڣЩУԶ
еطһۣаУͱУܹһУʱǾʹ򲻹㣬˵Уˡ
Ҳ˵ɫڨڨЦЦ߰ɣȥģҵϴ衣
֣購һ˳ıͳ˴ԼСʱȻպǶ֣յʱ䣬һ׼رЩǱǾеԵ׼ǸһǾͶȺ׵£ͶһƵЧӦ
Ҫʱ佫ǵĵٴδ̽һӵеѾ˴󲿷ֵ˽⡣ֻǾסԺһֱûȫȻҲȥΣҲܵȴû˿֡ǾһΣաԣҪʱٴðյһ
ڶ졣
ոո¶΢⣬Ͷ뿪˾ӪϾҪǶˣԼ֣購ϵ飬ҲӦ֪־£ʮֵԼĸİȫԽе˶ֻһǰ
ľѾַܹԲǧףܿͷ˸ˡûȥ˦ԼˣԶԶ뿪˾Ӫ֮󣬳˾ʹɽֻ˲Ͱնɱڰ֮иû˷ַɽټͼͷ­Ӳϵ
չٶȣںڰзһһ㴩Уܿɶصĵطϥڵ굽۾

оʲôʵ
ǳãɵֳЦݡ
ãҽ⡭
꿪ʼΪɽԼһСʱҵʱ䣬˵һʹͨʮҪ֮ǰʵҪǿ㲢ûʲôѶȡԭѾͨʮһִͨҸӵ񲻹ֻ¾¾Ѿͨʮһ֮䣬˴ͨѶȾС˺ܶࡣټӵеľǻϵܣڴͨмǿĸáھͿʼܲȫͨʮ
ʹش˼ڴŰסеļ˵ǣ
˫ȴڵϣǻغƽľԼ˰Сʱ֮ɵľѾùž
꿴ɵı仯вԵͷԵǻˣ־һؼǿ
ûпʼǿʼϸػոսĹκȥʱƽϢľҪȥ˴ԼһСʱʱ䣬ɲſʼ
꽫ɣʱעɵı仯
ʱڼžţһСʱһСʱĹȥĸСʱʱȥ֮󣬳΢ЦջһֱϵľʱҲ۾мվǰĳꡣ
ڸһΪĶһҲꡣӵվĬȻųꡣ
ϲЦ˵
û˵ֻصĿ͸¶һ˼ˡ
ЦЦҪԸǺԽӵ˵ȴͻȻʵѾͨʮǲǿԿٵˣ
ȻʧЦаɻ켣ô꣬Ҳȫ˽⣬ЦɣҸ޸ĵڲͬͨߴͨʮͿԿٵˣΪ޸ĵҪͨʮܹٵ
ʮ㶵վ߽ͬ˵˵ǴͨʮͿԿٵİû˵Ҫʮ


405 ǰж
ɣ˵ĲҪסͨľԽ࣬ʵԽǿξߵĵȼʵҪȴͨʮǿǵУߣٵĵҲҪֻͨʮ߿ٵĵߵĵԽʵԽǿ𣿡
ɴһ˲漴ͼصͷ˳
ˣ˵˵ԸǺԽӵļƻ
ҪԸǺԽˣֳ֮ɫ
ţ
ͷ漴Լ֣購ļƻ˵˳֮˼ʹԼƽĳ޾Ҫñˣʹ߬ȭͷǰĳиҪ󡣡
˵
ҪμжҲѹгˣҲҪۿ
ЦɵļҪȥˣܹĽӪԷǺԽҪ͵͵Ǳȥ
ţȫġɵֳɫ
߰ɣ
ںڰǱУοɲǹطؾӪԳ꽫ȫչŷԲǧףϢؿٽӽžӪ
ܿ죬ɾͳھӪ¥̨ϣüͷһ塣Ӹ߸ߵ̨·ȥʱ˾ѾʿΧˣ㣬ûһ˿϶һһӪģжԵӪ
ӪĹٱָŶԷģֻһ߻𣬾ͻἤ˫Ļƴ
˾Χ·ȫΧͬ硣ĿٴһػӪЩٱһӣдݶһģ֪꣬棬ҵ˽Ҫĸĸ
Ȼҵý꣬ȡԶ˾ȥʱ˾ڱƻͬ磬һж㳡һƬǽ壬һǸոշһǹսźܶʬ壬ǴʱȴһƬ
ľһ鴤ǰˡʱƽѵսѾˣѾȡʤ
ס˲֣ͨԶϸĹ۲ʱ˾Ӧ˵ֳ֡һǵӪǵӪвžˣһװˡ
װȺûз츣ҴЩװп˼ȵĳޣ˲ȻЩӦҺżҵˡֻҺżҵ˲ܹԼôĳޣΪԼɱǵ峤
˵ҺżԸԼ֪ĸôˣ
ǵӪвûзָĸӰ㽫Զ˸ĸסС̫ԶľڵòǺĽֽĿתǾסıҲңԶҲľڵҲǺ
ϵɱ˳ڿռ䷭ڣվߵɲʮųıӰг˾
ϵɱʹԼ侲ʱҪ侲ǰľơ
̶̵˼˼ӣε֪Լ뵽ӪȷԼĸĸûг¡
ǣβܹ뵽Ӫ
Ӳ
ԼĸĸǵУԼôøĸвԼԼ
Ǳ룿
Ǳ룿
ӪΧΧٱ˵һˣӶȥ

Ȼһ̻±ȥɽ˳
ܿһ¥һȷһ壬һֱŽ־ͲУȻһץͰץ飬˽ȥ
ˣƿһ͵šûеǷӦӰѾӵǵĸǰһֻڿ˲Ӱ˲Ͱ˴˹ȥȻѸٵشȡһƿӣֱ죬ǵҺ塣
ǳõҩûĸСʱǲѹ
Ȼɵоʹ͵ؿűɽƾճǰȻڿΧһ֮ͣһͷһŵȥ
ֻ˲䣬سһضԥؾ˽ȥҲ˽ȥ
űɽǰϵǰڵص״һͨظžűɽ
ųıӰȥôãûдзӦֻǻеظ˳
û뵽Ȼһ˵еľߣû뵽Ȼһ˵еľߣ
ɾôеظ仰еظ˳
ʱĳѾƷ˼ߣѾʮǿֻǷֳһ뾫ʹžűɽһ뾫͸棬ȷŷ
ͬһֻɽװ㣬ٶȼ죬ֻһӵʱ䣬͵˸ĸĵصף͸оһϲľпԼĸĸľսڿǽǵϣʯҲܺõǡ
Ȼ䣬ʯ˻Ȼͷеǹָ˵һͻȻݵĶڡ洫һң
ʯ˵Ͼһϲʵӳ𣿡
ң
ضִȻһӰӵضڴ˳˵ϡһӰվ˳
ʲô飿ûеʯ˵ͽʵ
ͻȻˣʯ˵ҺżңžͻȻղžһսⷽʧءֻǣ֣購Ǳӱͯս֣購һЩĸҲûйӳô
Ǻ֣購ľڶţ֣購ľϢæǴʱҲûа취֪ľƣֻܹš꼱ٵ˵
Ȼӵ˴ߣ͵͵˵Ϊʲôеڶֽ


406 
һֵĽڸտʼȡ˾Եʤ֣購ӼһաǵȵǺЩ˽ʱȴȫѹƣƾеǹͱըǵǹ˵ˣһҲδܹҲҳȥ²ĸˡ
ʱ֣購ıڣ֣購֣ٷ涼Щҡ֣購ǵոڵģǾȻǰ֣һҺżңɱǸӺ󣬿ôԸҺżҡ
ʹش˼ڴڴһԵͯսͯϵܣô죿
ȣͯս˵ȶӳ
ʱ洫ǵͷʲô
ͯս΢΢̽ͷȥ
ϵ֣購ŵ˵
ͯսͷ˻ɫʮѿ֣購˵֣˾Ҳɡ
֣購ɵͷһۣȻʹ̶ŭոڵ֣ǣ̫ĽƻˣȻѴڶ˽ţǴڻ᲻Ǽٵģô᲻֪
֣購ͷ˻ǽϳ˼šȻָ̧ԼһˣԽѺӪɵýģΪԽѺû˸Ѳ顣ҲҲûеһ£û뵽ǾȻڸжˣȻڷװ
ʱҲ˴ԼһȴһͲԼı
ʱǵţóĸĸ߳һҲܹǳĸĸȴԻ
ľһ䣬˵òһںԼĸĸΣաǣ˲Ҳǵ뷨ҪԼĸĸץȻøĸԼһԼˣʯȻҲվԼһߣԼİͿ޼ɵɱ֣購ӣƿеľӡ
һ룬Լû¶֮ǰǻҿڣ벻̿ڡתͷʯ˵ʯ壬ʱ䡣
䣬˵ضСɸҪȥȴֹأʹɴǻҵĸĸӵص뿪·صӪǶ¥ڣҵϢ
ǣ
İɣӳھвĸڡ
ص˵ض֮УٴʹɽŶĴλüٵ˹ȥһľ͸棬׼ȷֱߵķ򡣶ڱڣʯǺ̸ʱ䡣
ֻ˾ŷӶһʱ䣬Ѿڵĵص£ӵ͸һڣŪһͲŻˡڻĸˣˡ
ಡ
ıɽӵص͸ͬĵ⽫ĸʿʺӹȻסĸʬؽǷŵϡ
ϣһضرпӰش˳˴ڵĸǰ˫ڴѸоͶ˼Ȼ⼸һ˵ضڡ
һе⼸ھһѷųһڵ
󣬳ֿʼʹŷɽһ׼֣購Ĵȡֲʮӵʱ䣬Ѿص˸ĸСӵص˳
ӳôʯ弱æʵ
ûˣھ΢Ц˵
ûĴˣʯ嵣ĵʵ
Ҽˣûˣ
ᶨ˵Բǧ׵ľȻܹ׵̽ΧҲûдڵĴڡ
ʱķʣ˳꣬ʯ壬·˹ԪˡˣһУ۷壬УڣһУڣһξ۷塣
ֵǽˣ국˵
ˣвĸҰǶˡģˡʯݺݵ˵
ʯ廹ûдţǵͻȻжڿʼʱ򲻿ܶôӣͻݾߣ֣購׼Ĵˣ֣購ľҲõϢˣ˫ھţһͲܹӡǵҲ࣬ǶһЩżҵߡ
ʯ˵ʵս黹ǲѶԷ𿴶Է˶࣬ʯ˿ǻӡ
ʯ壬·˹ԪҺӵصȥǵĺǸʱҪɱüֵҪǿƾӡ
İɣӳʯ壬·˹ԪԾԾԡ
ʮӺ󿪻诣ߣ
ܿؾǸڵķص£ľӵض͸˳ȥǽعرţĸʿˡ
ӵض˳żƣţǿ˴š
˿ֱһӡȡһűըЩ᲻ãõһһšǹ
顭
ڳҰУͼʯֱһŽĴ߿ͳ˳겻ȻʧЦǰʯĹǺ
ա
ȫû뵽ԷȻҳһ㶵ʱѾʮ˵ʯ壬·˹Ԫǹ¡
ڣҿڣǵֳ֮ɫش󺰡
ǻӦĲǱǹ
ա
ڵ䣬һʿ˵ϣǻȻתͷ˴ڳھ׼ɫһ䣬֪Լ̵ĴʧЧˡ

ʮֹϣһһԼľסȥӴ˳ȥ˵ǹ棬ͣػһʿ
ʱʯҲų߻غϣ֣購ͯսҲ˳ʼ


407 Ŀɿڴ
ӳ
˳꣬ͯսӱ˷ܵغ֣購֣ٷһֱŵҲǱ߸ûз˼һ·֣ǵľסطɿسȥ
Ծͯսһǹ̵һʿԳ˵ӳƺľסʲô̡
Ŀ֣購֣購üͷ˵Ѿ̽˺öΣûзκ촦
ڴʱǸѾܽԺ䣬ǻͷԼºңżҵ˵ǳԵС¥
ǵºЩңżҵԵС¥˽ȥؿסĴšھһҵĵط֣ͣ購һӵȰߵС¥ҹ
˰֣֣購ֺֹͣ
Ȼ󲻽ų꣬ʱ򣬴Ժ洫֣ǵ֣購꣬Ȼſڣҽ𣿡
ûֻǵһЦ֣ʮ˸һȥһˡҪġ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪȥ֣購Ƿǳٵɳʮ˸ųȥܿͿʮֻˣֻǲǿ֣ǰ̧ŸִڵҲȻӴϲж
ǡ֣購Ѿ뵽˳Ҫʲôȴû뵽ô̵ʱͰһڸˡ
ã
Це˵ЩʿСط˳ΧʱС¥ڵЩǵʿңżҵҲ͸ųꡣȻѾ뵽˳Ҫʲôϵɫÿ־塣ǣ漴Ǿͱ𾪺Ͳš
ǵҵУͿ궯ǶٶȼֱͲװһڣһչʾ
صĴͲڳоһݣͬһָӼңһͬһݼڳоλֻǲӵʱ䣬һھͱװϣȻԽߵС¥Һż߶֮
ʱС¥ڵҺżߵɫˣѾѾװڵҪǲϵغϼʮڣҲܲˡ
֣ȰɣϾЩ߶ҲҪ
ã֣購ʱǺ棬еޡղΧԼֵԼˡ
ˬ
ˬ
ǣûеȵ֣購ӿӺͼС¥ڶһײҡţҲ֪ǳǳĿ㡣С¥ڵ˶ɵʱ翹Ǿֻ·һ
֣購ûǵһҺɤӹ
Ѿز֣購޾ɵ˵ǶЩ
һ˱û˷ЩҺżҵҲʵʵر
ЦгǸɱվǵ峤ˣ˭Ҷ
Լ˰Сʱʱ䣬Щ˶ǸԺҲûľѾѲ˼ʮ飬ǸԺĵصҲѲˣȴȴû˿֡
ǡ
ǺԽȴΪʲôôأ
ʱڳľؿǺԽϴŵЦݣϣм仹һŰһ裬еغȲ衣
Բ
ǺԽʲộ
ꡭ֣購ʱҲЩؿųꡣ
ţҽȥջǾȥܹܲôһֱվ⡣
ӳǡ
ֹסʯ˵ֻǽȥб䣬һ˳
ʯ룬Ҳͷ׷׵ͷǲΪʲôΣաǺԽʲộҪ˳Ҳס
֣購ҲһСӵ˼˻ǹס˴ţȻЩ˶С¥ӸµǵԺȥ
һǵгһʯ˵Ҳһ˿ΪǺԽ̫ƽˣƽ֮дš

ţ
˵ţ
Ų豭־ܹûһ˿Ĳǳȡ
к̶ţ
ÿ˵жͬ⡣
⡣
һٲŴȥҪǸӾڸʲô顣
Ȼ껹ǷǳؽѾȫſԺȫ棬¡
̤̤̤
ĽŲڼžľС¥ϵ˶ס˺ųꡣ
߽˴ţϵˡ
Ժ䲢Ǻֻܴжٶƽ׵ӡʱϵǺԽ˵ж¶ʧ̾Ϣһվų˵źû뵽ֻһ˽
ţоһѵԷʲôǿ̣ҪԼˣ֣購Ӷһ򾡣
ôܣ
Լľ̽һУûκ̡ԭ껹Ϊڵص˴ըҩԼͬھǵص׸ʲôûС
ʱ򣬳꿴ǵгһңĶĴָذ档
˫ڵһ磬عѣξͬһŴ˳ȥ
ʱѾңһΣշȫķ˳ȥ
ǡ
顭
͸оԼĺ󱳺ݺݵײһǽϣα˻д󾪡ʵʲôǽײƣ
˵ķǴŵķôͻȻһǽ
ǣ漴Ŀɿڴ
УǺԽĽŵ˸һȦȻǸȦĹâͼٵ𣬽ǺԽ棬ȻǹȦǺԽϣ⻪˸


408 
ֻһӵʱ䡣
ֱ˵ϳһŰɫâĿףʮֵ磬ǺԽ˵ȫ棬ֻ۾棬ֻֻ۾ĵطһ͸Ķ
תȥֻʱԺѾһ͸Ĺ֣ͷԼǱŵǸ͸Ĺָ˻̧ͷҲй֣꣬ǶԽ˾ǱһյĿռڡ
ʲôС¥֣購Ȼɫ
ȥ
ʯ̾ҪӴȥȴͯսһѰסǶӳǵĻᣬǺúÿҪäĿȥ
ʯ˫ֽ·Ժȥ
꣬ߣͻȻЦߺǰʲôǣ
˵òԽҲЦһ
ûжɫƽΣգԵεѾܹܺõؿԼ־һǿ
ֻǶݵһ˲ָƽɴԼʶлһ磬ʲôܹ𾪵ģ
ĿǺԽɨţǿ׵һֱŹ⻪΢΢üͷǹǡЦų꣬վһ·õĲһ֧ǹһջ
ա
ǹǹ𣬾׼ǵüġ
ǡ
üĴû˿ˣֻվЦ
꽫ǹӵǽǣȥΧĹ֣Ǹܹ˷֤򲻿Ǹ֡
촽ְ̽ѱľƷ˳
ǺԽɵЦţŶĳꡣû꣬·Ҫʵ¶
ǺԽ˲ԼҲžƷȴѾٴγ˵Ρ
Ŀһϵļⶼһ¡ξٴγ뵽£ص׵״Ѿ֮ǰͬ
ڵص׳״ͬγװĹݺύľܿѰҵЩγԴͷһֱԼһ׵Բιⶴľԥ̽Ǹⶴɫֲһ
һ޴Ŀռ䣬ԼзԲʮģڿռһǱǱĵһѾ򿪣һԲԼһƽ׵ķ䣬һЩ豸мһԼҵĴ豸Ĺߴ
ףĹֺǸϵ׶Ӧ豸Ĺγɵġ
ӵĺųȥһţȴǽعرšľڴɨһ£ȷǸҲûд򿪹ţӦǻûоס
ӦһԪСռ䣬ֻǲ֪ǸôõģӦżȻֵġģֻ˵һţ豸Ĺ߹ЧҲֻܹԺ֮УܹԶʹá
ֻҪر豸Ǹӽûκ̡Ҫιر豸أ
ľ䣬ȴ޷ιرϵͳⷽǲһҵࡣֻðѾ˳ٴԺڶǺԽӡ
䡭
һ޴ĺѳһͷȥһڵڴŴĹϱըǴŵĹֻǵһ£Ȼͻָƽ
ڴںʯǸĿɿڴ
ǺԽ˱ĴЦŴʯˡ
꣬ڵǰһԽųš

оһ㶣ѵʷǰ
ڵһۣʷ֮ǰӦûʱڡֻһֱûѰҵ
ѵεӹ죬𵴣һЩʷǰˣ
ԽνĵǱӹ𵴳һڣǡסĵصףǷ֣
ô˵ܵȽǸӡ꽫УڵԪ۷壬ȻֽǱ档
顭
Ľ´һγ𣬰лһһص⣬ݺݵǵͷϡ
䡭
һ޺Ӹ˳ؿһƣۡһһѪ˵ϣһ·ĵȥֱ󱳺ݺݵײ˺ǽϡ
̧ͷȥǵҲҡΣ·ǳ˾һ㣬ֻͷϵĿȴû˿ˣףԼղһû˺ǣֻǰЩΡ
ڷ䣬ǵȴڷŭһȻûйһףȴİķǳܡ
꣬
ǵһζˣߵξȻĿࡣ굹ûʲô𾪣ΪͿǸ׵ڲһ˿˿ǵڣʱǵʵ
겻ҺӲ弶չϵضǵĹ
䡭
ǵ˫ȭûд򵽳꣬ȴǲϵغڳǽϣǽϵرǺ촷ۣʱԽҲǼлꡣ
ֻǲһӵʱ䣬ԺܵǽڶǸӺ̤͸Ǹؿ˳Ǳ
ʱԽųҼлͻȻһ˸ղԼһȻûնǸףȴҲĶҡΡ
֪ͨ᲻͸Ǹ״ǵ壿
ಡ
İ弶չм˳ȥ˲ԶǺԽӶˡȻתǡ
꣬ҿܹ㵽ʲôʱҵ޵ģǺҲ
Ļ䣬𾪵۾ŵŶ档


409 նɱ
Ķ档
һһʧһһ֡
ٿ֮ʱѾվǵǰһȭͷмٵطŴ
ͨǱȻǵͷϡ
䡭
α˳ȥһѪȴȵվԭأų꼥شЦ

顭
ǵЦȻֹһԴ˿Ѹٵ䣬һȦ˵صס
꣬Һƴˣ
Խһ֮漴Ŀѣų˹
ǣҰʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
Խղĸ׾ڳֹʽ
ĳǰһֻȭͷ˿ȻԽͷϡ
顭һα˳ȥ
ۡһѪڵ棬һ·ĵȥ
顭
Խͷ­Ȼ飬׹⻪Žȥ˵棬ԽͷʬȻ˵ϡ
Ŀ˵ϵңϣԼаƴС˼ƽһ궯ѪȻϥ£ȡһƿҩ£Ȼڹ֮˹ˡ
ʱѾ¶겻֪֣購ôԣ뱣Լѵ״̬ûнԼڵ֮ǰǲ취ֵġõı
ԼСʱʱ䣬ȫָơӵվԶǸңȥ
ʱе˶Ŀ۽ڳ֣購Һżҵ¼ж¶̰֮ɫ
ʱǶѾףһأ˸ղǸӵоƿߣҺܻܿΪƿߡ㲻ܹΪƿߣĩУҲܹδľռһϯ֮ء
꽫Ǹңȥֻťڰť·ʶֵ֡·ͼ
ЩֳǲʶʶЩͼ
һͼһԿףƲťӦǴ򿪴Ԫռͨİťڶť滭һף֪ťܹϸղĿסťŵʮһӣʾǿǸֵİť
Щģֶǵһμһˣ¹ʣʹˡԣҪԼһԡ
ĴָǸ׵İťϣһȻ¡ͼĽŵ³һȦȻȦ𣬺ܿϾͳһףڿһ˿˿ת˲ó
һ˴Լһӵʱ䣬ЩˣһʱǿйעΪûжԳ˿ĸıĴְָһǸ׵İťһֻâ¡
ɫ¶΢ЦԼڰťƲⲢûдǰ˼һңҲȻŽǸӵİť¡ԺеĹʧʯ˺֣購Ӵ󲽵˽
꣡
ʯǰݺݵظ˳һӵǲսôûоΣաղʯڹֵôվǵǰöЩʧ̬·˹Ҳ׷ͳӵ֣ٷҲ˳һӵ
꿴֣購е̰Ҳ֣ٷеĴɸ̾⸸ӶǲͬĩУҲ֪˭ܹӦơ
꽫ңװ˶ʵսС֣購ĿһȵĿʱָ̻ƽ
֣Ӧ¡˵һ飬Ҫĸ˭ҽӽ̻ɱţܹһӣȫڸǡ
ԶԶԣϰţ
ڶҪȥӵ⣬ܹ
ǰȥ䣬֣購ĿЩҺżʵô죿
ȹɣо֮پ
أ֣購Сʵ
ȥҵĸĸӻȻúϢһ¡֣һ֮һȥ̽һ
ã֣購תͷ֣ٷ˵úдǡ
ǣף
֪֣購֣ٷԼ˼Ǻˣԭ˾ų˵رǽ죬ûгǣ֣購ͻᱻǸӸɱеõǸң˵ͻǸʲôĻǻԭһ뿪
Գǵʵټϵõ˵żȫܹΪƿߣδռһϯ֮ءǻջ
ջԼӶ˵Ϳˡ
ʱһжҪСģܹó˿ᡣʱѾ˶Ե̰֮ģֻϣ겻ҪɱǸӶˡ
ʶ˳вԼŴľӾܹѳΡ³ᰡ԰Ѷӷŵʡ
Ȼû˼Ϊ˲ԶţԼӦʯ뿪һ뿪
ԣɵػص˱Ȼ֣ٷҪ񵯣˱ĵضС
ܿ죬ضоʹ񵯵ĺųͿؾ͸Աųĸĸӵض˳һӵʱ䣬Ҳӵضг˳
ʯ֪ɶϺ񵯽صͨˣԷ˻Ȼֻʱģ֣購ûض׷
ֻڱϢһʱ䣬֣購ʹҴҵĸ˹꽫ӱ˱ڱԼĸĸ˼֣購ԭǵסȥ


410 
ֻһʱ䣬Ѿ˵ǵΧǽҸʵߣѾȫһݶͬһ״ֿһ㡣겻Եͷ֣購ЧʻǺܸߵġ
ҳʱ֣購ҲʮȻֻ֣ٷԼһȺ߽
һ˽䡣ȡңڻԿͼİťϰ¡
һСĹڳ˵ǰԻʱɢֻ㼸ʱͻһŴ˵ǰ
໥һۣЩḻ˴ʱĿҲ¶֣購ӸǼû
굱Ⱦٲ˹ţҲż߽֮˹šǵǰһԼԲʮĿռ䣬涼ǲ֪ʲôɵһ̾ͣŽĹâ
ⷺŽŵĴм䴣һС͵ĸǱ˶˼Լǿѹ£ǸǱȥ
ܿ죬һ˾ߵ˳ǱĴǰʱǱĴѾϣĿڴѰţûҵκοŵĵط
ͷ΢Ѱ˼һ£ֽңȡ˳аң᲻ǿŵԿף
ɫԥһ£ջǽǸԿ׵İť£ͼǱĴŻ򿪡

곤һɶˣûгʲôΣա˴˽һ񣬳ٴξٲŴȥ
ڹȻͳ굱̽һģһֻһһƽҵķ䣬ڷһ׶ߵ豸ҲиϢĵطŽӺӡһ̨һȻ״Щ죬һܹϳǵԵĶ
̧ͷ컨壬һŵƣյúвһǱӦò֪ȥ˶˰ɣܹңָڵĵҲŵģѵԴ
Χ˿һŶǵԣȻҲᵫͨ˭ȥ
ңӱ֣ٷͬʱ֡
̨ԣȥɡ
ǣӱ֣ٷһһ̨ԵĸǰʼŲ
һЩ˱վں濴һûȤ㽫ĿȥмǸ׶ߵ豸Щ
ƲǸ豸ĸǰϸشһЩƲ⣬豸ӦֹɣһӦǷЩߵĲ֣һ־Щ֡
һλ
ĿǸһλʮƵĵطͷһӱ֣ٷ棬ŵԣ˴ʱһڲ
ҪҪȥԣ
Ǻ棬ǸλӣջûһԵأ겻׳ԡ
ֻصӱ֣ٷıһֹʹĻصǸλӵĸǰĿⲻסشǸλӣճһҧǸλϡ
ͷ̽һͷȻ£ͷ档겢ûзȤؿͷ棬ǰһСĻдĸ֡
ʲô˼
ĸʶ껹ûü͸оһɴͷ˼̽Դ档һ³ЩˣҪֽ̧ͷȡȴǰǸ΢ĻϷ˱仯
Щı仯ͣʱ򣬳ȻòԼ̽뱬һ˲ʹ̼˳ʶʶ˾ˡ
ʹ
ʹȴóΪ̾͸оʹǾͻƵס
ѵ豸ܹ˵ľ
Լֻǹȥ˰Сʱʱ䣬͸о֮ǰͻǰ͸о۾γ룬ȴȻо̽뷢˼ֻһ˲ͽƷżıϴƣʶѸţƷż
ҴʱʶţƷż۷壬̽ͷųֹͣ
һ˲䣬һѶϢͽ˳ʶСȻֻһ˲ȴ֪ͷĹЧ
ȷʵһͨⲿ豸豸ȼƷһżƷһżƷһż
ӣŵ豸ǲһֻܹƷż֪ûܹƷż豸
Ҳ֪ʹ豸ҲһӾͰԼľƷżԼܹһ͵õͻƣһΪԼ۵㹻ʮֺʵһҲԼﵽƷ˼ԼԲͻơ
ʱͷϵǸͷѾ˻ȥվ˻Χӱٷ󣬱Цҡҡͷûš
ԼľϢ˳ȥо¶˾ϲľ羹ȻѾַܹԲǧһľбøӵ겻˼ҵľܹͻƵƷӦûһʱɣ֪Ǹʱҵľлúεģ
˾磬һ룬оܸӵͿֲҪƷ˼ǵһֹ
ҵľ»ֱԷԴըɣ
Ƿϲõ΢Цɢȥӱ֣ٷȥæʯʵʯ壬ʲô֣
ʯҡҡͷЩڳֵǶʶӱ֣ٷһһļܲҵʶ֡
ҵˣ
ʱӱһϲõĺҶĿǰǸĻ֣ٷҲͣеĶӱĵȥ


411 ռ
ǡ֣購ռǡ
ӱɫһ㶣е˶ɫһ㶣ȻĿۼĻ֮ϡ
2018218ա
ͻȻڰ֮ǰû˿ףھҵĲڵΪž˾žӿʼ֡
һ̫ͻȻ̫ˡֻͨΪһشѣȴ֪ĩյ١
ռȫˣӹˡ
ֻ֪һʼΪصѻ֮Щ˿ֲŵ˹֪Ǹʱ໹ж˴
ĩˡ
2018222ա
죬һص˼ңһ𾪵飬ҵھȻһšǵƺͨһ硣

ҽŴŴϣҾվǵŵǰԥ˺ܾãڻһǲǻһ
ǣҵ˺ܾãԼСʱӣǸžôҵǰ˸ȴûκһֻ
ҪҪȥأ
һûѹסҵĺģżڴֿ־߽ǵš
ڵ𾪣漸һ硣ƺǸĵש̾ͣҵǰһǱ
ǱĴǿŵģҲ֪ΪʲôҲĽӹԭɵİɡһ߽˴ţֻһһٶƽ׵ķ䡣
һƵԵĶڶ滹һţʱҲǴ򿪵ģֻܾܺҵĽŲ
Ҵ˶ǵţֳһţǵȴǽعرţô취򲻿
ҷ֮ǰǸ䣬ǸҲҶڵԵĸǰֲ֪
2018223ա
죬ҰҵĶԽ˽ҵĶӶڵⷽźоȻҵĶװһЩ֮ҵĶƽ룬һļʧûһʶġ
2018230ա
죬ҵĶһ淢һЩߣЩߵһ˻̣ҺҵĶӶ֪ЩǸʲôġ
201831ա
ҵĶͻ룬ͻĴЩߵһ˲ͷܹ͵ϵһ׶Խӡ
ǣͰǸ߲嵽ǸϣȻ˼һ£ȻǸ̵Ķüġ
ҾôĵҵĶӵԱߣҼҶӵͷųâʱ֪ҵĶӶĶˡ
ȻԼֻǹȥӵʱ䣬ҵĶӽǸȡȻѾЩԭʶ֡
ҵĶӿʼЩļ
2018318ա
ҵĶӿʼ˷ܵغҽռԭԪռ䣬ڵЩļУڵܵĲֻ࣬ȼ仰ǽǱļ
ԣҲ֪ʲôֻǴ֪ڵ֮ǰһʢѾꡣ
һʵңǹҩʵҡԪռǵĿѧҿٳģ
ڷеǸȻһĻֻҪȥͻ̼˵˵ľ
е˾һ㶣̶ͷһǸȻתͷۿĻǵռǡ
ȥǸȻܹ˵ľӸң˵ľַƷƷƷͼƷÿƷżֻܹ˵ľƷż
ҵˣѾˣȻֻзƷļ˾ŴǸҵľ˷Ʒ˼
Ҳʹﵽ̶ˣΪңһֻܹþŴ豸Ŵ֮ʧȥЧ
201841ա
ǸǱһŻûд򿪣ҵĶоֻǶ˵Щӡ
201842ա
Ϊ˱ܣһֱܣûκæƽ룬ҶǱڵļ֣購ʲôǻʲôҪ񡭡
210871ա
ûƽ롭
2018828ա
ûƽ롭
201937ա
ûƽ롭

ռǽˣµĶ֣購һЩճ¼֮һЩ֣ٷӱа취ƽ𣿡
֣ٷҡҡͷԽˮƽ˽⣬ȻǿҲҵġҺˮƽ࣬ºѣҪܳʱ䡣
꽫ĿӱӱϳţרҵģӦû⡣
һ˿ϲǾѧϰһµ԰ɣ
Ȼת˵ȥǸĻ
˶ǸΧ˹ȥЦЦһǰӱԴӳóһߣ˵ϣȻǸ̰Լüġ
һѶϢֱӿʶУ̾ĿƼڵʱҲĵһ㣬źܶԡּ֮󣬸Ͳڵ̿ȥѧϰֻҪӵʱһԡ
ȡ֮󣬳ӱ۾ЩѶϢԳǿľֻǲһӾȫ˵ԡ
۾һԵӱȥӱ۾㿪ʼ򿪵еһļʼ
һ֪ӦþǱҲĴڣ¼ĶһЩʱڵļ¼ûʲôмֵĶǣ껹ĵؿţϣֿŵķ
ʱӱҲ۾ʼϵļһʼӱٶȾҪȳ˺ܶࡣ
һ̨ϵļû꣬ӱѾ̨ԡȻ䣬ӱ˷ܵغҵˣ
뿪ԼĵԣӱԱߣʱ򣬳ʯǸ棬˶Χ˹


412 ׳湥
ôܴȴ𣿡֣購ʵ
ܣֻǸҵļҪƽ롣ţԽƽһЩ̣ȿ
ӱ侲˵֣購¶һ˿ʧ
ˣֵӱҪƽ룬֣Э
ǣӱ֣ٷһӦ
꽫ͷת֣購֣ľӻҪȥƿأ㲻ܹǴ
ţ֣購Ҳ֪˵ͷͳȥÿһԸ
ȡһңݸ֣購֣š
֣購ؽӹǸңûжһе뷨
ӳأʯЦʵ
ǾǸǾ˾Ŵ֮󣬻ﵽһʲô硣
ãе˶ϲ̵صͷЩ˿ɶ֪ߣ֪ԼϣΪһߣжӿż
ӳأͯսʵ
Цſһӱӱһ졣ԭӱǺһڱڱĸĸһ뵽ǸڵܣӱΪһרҵԱо̲סҪȥĳ嶯Ȱֽ㣬Һھ㹻ˣȥɣҲҪİæ
һȰӱ̲סˣҴҵ
һȥҵĸĸҲһ¾
ʱɿعȥ˰£֣購ѾȫƿеľӡڳҲзνȻ̴úܼ֣࣬購ͳ֮ûͷЩҺżҵߣϸرŵϢ
ǳʯǲμսҲɳսȴǵװ֪ҹھ˾˻䣬Ҳûȥκιڻ顣ȻҺżڼе߻ֵ̿츣ȥһǼߵ飬Ƕ츣ǳɴؾܾˡ
Ц
ʱԶǷȦʱɵӲŻȥ
µʱ䣬ʯˣ֣購Ⱥù˾ŴǸĻֻӱ֣ٷæƽûԹǸ
Чȴ⣬ʯߵľֻ˷Ʒż۷壬֣購ȴֻǴﵽ˷Ʒ˼
ʱ򣬳ѾסЧҲޡϾԼġҪֻԵĶо츳ģûо츳ҲֻܹƷż۷壬ҪͻıϣﵽƷΪһľȫûпܡ
ҳҲиƲ⣬ǾʹԾߣЧҲӦòͬҲҪߵĵ̺ʣϾֻһáԼܹ֮һνƷż۷壬ΪԼԭѾﵽ˰˼۷塣ΪǿڵľΪҪԼĹҲʮָ߼ԼʶڵľʮֵشһͻƵЧ
ʹʯҲ˷쳣ﵽ˷Ʒż۷壬Ҳζǵľ֮ѾߵĴڡ⼸죬ʯ˶ȺڷƷżİ£ӵ˼ǿСͶ似һΣսͬն
ǣһֱĽӱ֣ٷûƽ⿪Ǹ롣
һա
ڷŸĸ˵ȴ֣購Ҵææ˽֪֣購ڻе
꽫˷ﱣĸŻȥ֪һֳ⣬ǸĴԪռ⡣֣購ԼңǻڴԪռ档
Ȼ뵽֮󣬳֣購֮󣬻츣˻У⻹װϵϢȴҪ˺ܶ࣬Һżʱѡĸˡ
֣購츣к֮󣬳ϣѯʵĿ֣購
꣬ˣ֣購ɫص˵
ɫһܹһ˾˵Ǵµ飬һǳء
ա΢΢üͷ˴ʱƺǹѵ˻䣿
ĿⲻҺżҵϣɫһ䣬ҺżҵʵѾǰԳѾû˷ŭеֻη塣ʱ֣購˵ˣΪΧ
꣬ͻȻ˺ܶ׳棬Ǿ飬ǶǴӴϵˮڳġǷӦЩ׳ӳˮ˽ʱ³ǵµˮжǼ׳档
üͷš׳ʵ
֣購ɫһЩ׳СܹڵˮֻܹӴϵˮΪˮܵǺܴ֣ļ׳ҲǺܴ˽ڵļ׳ʵҲǺǿֻ̫ˡ
ܷܲˮʵ
У֣購ҡͷˮ޴ŷţߡ
澲üͷһӣüͷչ˾ֻһ취
ʲô취֣購۾һ˶Ŀۼڳϡ
국һЦǾǴ򣡽ˮķֲͼȡǿڽǷֳսȻַפء٣١
֣購Ŀڲϵ˸ʱҺżҵĴ֣購˵֣˾ǼͷţҽǼߵİһܹЧضƼ׳Ĺ
ȻɫɹѾЩǿӲ˲֣購ΪʲôԥԼμξᡣ
ΪҺżҺܺõذסλᣬ֣購ʼƹҪ֪Ǽ׳湥ڣĴڵȸòˣܹܲԼжը˰ɡ


413 ֣購ĸ
־£ͨĹٱҪƣһͨʿͨʿеսԱҲܹӦһ׳档ҪʿͬʱΧɱһ׳档Ҫʿǰ߳һٽĻη
־ֻܹӦԣһƷܵ͵Ҳܹһ׳棬ƷߵܹԼ׳档˾ԳߵҪԣ־֣購ò
ǣ֣購ĲܹòѾͷЩߵ⣬ǻõй¶⣬һҺżҵͷųȥǸĴԪռһй¶ȥ˭֪Һż߻᲻գԪռ䣿
ĩյУΪܲܵ⣬ҺżһᡣһɹǾͻΪеƿߣ֣購ʵرɱ
ʱҲûгҲ뿴Ϊһ˾־ơ
֣購΢΢üͷ˵Ŀⶼۼ֣購ϡҺżҴ໥һж¶һ˿ϲɫ
׳ʱ򰡣
֣購ûôҵȶãԼҲӵʱ䣬֣購üͷչҲĿ͸¶źεɱ⣬ҺżҴ˵ǲ᲻֪ǵļ˾ӻɣ
ҺżҴɫһ䣬漴ȶ񣬱˴˽һжΪ֣購ȸһȻٺǽѾ¶˾ģֻҪ֣購ͬͷǵļߣʲôȴӦ˵
ֻǼͼе߱ͷţǵĵߡ
Ҵͦͦӣ˵֣˾ˣһֱ֣˾ܺãô䣿鶼ġ
˵ļ岻֪ûв뻩䣿֣購¶һ˿
ҺżҴϲֳһ˿ΣżҴ˵֣˾Ǽ֪£Ҳֻǲ룬ǴӷԸӽһΪ֣˾հ
ɽ֣購˵˵ӦýЩļ߶ɱûвҲӦȫɱҲ˵Ӧýš
ҺżҴոջָɫٱ䣬ϵϢǿһ۾һԵĳ֮һϸϢٴƽϢ
ǵľٶ֣購вɶԳֶһݸмǳԼղǷһڣ˵ǰ˾ͻᱩ
˳֣購Լĵ˺ܶ࣬һǣҲûаǵļͼɱֻʱǹѺʡҲûȥǵšѵǲ֪ж𣿡
ҺżҵһԼߵϢ֣購ûɱǣֻǹѺüǷʡ˲һ
ж֣購ĻЩɣԼɳ飬֣購Ļ𣿲ѾѼ߶ܴˣڵŻὫԼŰɣ
֪ʲôȻɱļǶԳҲ޼ʱʱ̿ɱ걨֪Լʵ̫ԶͶԳжˡǣȴһֶԳʮεĸоԳʵݲҲмѣ˵Ŀⲻ˳ꡣ
˹бǵ˼壬صͷ˱дϲ֣購ֵл֣˾ʴȣ
Ҳʴȣ֣購˰֣ɫֻ֣ӦŽһ¶⣬Ҳǵ
ǡͷ֣˾壬Զġ
ľٶ֣購ɫһǵļҲǲܹͷš
̴ϲ̹˵л֣˾
֣購˰ֵڻܹͷţ
ɫһĵ֣購Ҫʼˣڰ£ܲͷ֣購ɬ˵֣˾Ҫβܹͷǵļеӣ
ҪΣܹΡ֣購˵
ɫһ㶣Щ׵˵֣˾ʾ
Ҫ
ν
ҵȫ߶ɳɱڼ׳档һῴǵıҲʲôʱͷǵļߡ
߰һһȨȫ֣購ʲôʱȫ˵Ԫռ䣬ʲôʱͷҼߣ֮ǰȫֵ֣߱購ܾͷҺżҵļԼߡ
ҪǴʱҺżҵʵѾ𣬱Ȳôǰ֣購ɱ֣Ǹ֮Ѿȫƿ˾ӣʵȷʵгǲҺżһҷ
ҺżҴʱҲýˣûɣҲûʵ촽֣˾Ҳ֪ʵѾǰҸֵܵЩ׳档
ҪֻȫҪκһʵҷˣ֮ʱ
һۣ֣購мˬʱûôˬ־棬ǳġвɶԳֶһݸм
ȻҲԷսһһֹٱһ֡УҲ֡
˵֣購Ŀ츣¶һ˿Цݵ峤ûɣ


414 Լж
츣ûֻصͷ֣購бһ̾Һżҵû䣬ԳңӦɱ׳жУʵңżҺ;ʵĻеδǲ֪˭˵㡣
ʱһֱһԵĳ국˵ˡ
һҵĶѳս
ھһ֣購оһϲûеȵ˵ͼĿֱ츣˵ϣ峤Ҫʧ
츣ɫһ䣬ôһ˲˳˸ɱȻֻһȴһĸо
һ˿־壬Ȼܹ׵ɱٽҺżҼҲܹɱ츣
ܹ֣購вľֻҡ뿪ԼúñֵĻ˼뿪֮ǰԼɱɱһҵĸ֣ܹ֣購ץ
Ҫ鷢ɱ׳жоͲܹʵˡó֣購Լ⡣
뵽ж֣購Ľ֣購ʱҲʮֵ⣬ԼԼĶ֣ٷӴ꣬ó꣬ĩսٵĵһʱ֣ٷһСӽĸĸӽ˾нõֵ֧Ļ᣿
оһȷһ顣
Ĺͽϸڽ׶Σеˮͼֽ˳֣購ںͳ£зֳ˶ϱĸ򡣳꣬ңҺżҸԸһÿ䱸ķŵı
˴жΪԼжϰ˵㿪ʼж
긺򣬻֮;ֱ˵ĴԪռ䡣ԭʯ˺ܽؽǺ;ǣǷԪռ֮ȴҲȥˡôһܣܹŪ뿪Ҳ̫ɵˡȻЩ˶Ѿ˾£ǻӱƽ룬򿪴š
һԪռ䣬˵ֵЩӶﻵ˰ɣ
ǰǱﻵˣ·˹Щĵ˵
·˹˵˴ҵЩһһֱǻԵȻΣգȴѾӦǾţȻҲʱʱ̵̿ȴеķꡣ
ô̴򣿡ʯ۾һҲ˷ܵųꡣ
ţ̴򣡡ʵҲЩ˷ܣЩҲܣ򵥵ؽз˵һ顣
ʯ꣬вֳʧ֮ɫǿظֱ˵ԭֻһЩС׳氡һûʵǿģ
Це˵ܹô˵жȻ˵û˿ΣգǿȴǺܴ󡣡
ţ˶˳ꡣ
ǸһжˮǲоŸˣӱҪƽ롣ֻа˸ˡҪָ̫ЩͨʿǶæġ
һҲͶˣ׳ʵǲǿǹвǿҪڶˮ֮䣬ټжôҲмǧˮǿȻǲһĴ󣬿Ǳ׳ɱܵ
ûʲô˼ͯսҰҰ˵
ˣϻˣӱ֣ƽ룬ǸչҸĸǰ˸쿪ʼжȽЩ׳˵
ڶգ
˸ÿ˼ʻһüճ뿪˾ӪЩͨʿѾֲڼǧˮΧֳֽ˰˸Сǰ˸ÿ˸һ
ʱʻżճڴϷɳۣĿɨһˮˮΧʱ˷£ڹµĺվѾ׼ʿͷЩ֣購Ҳ˺ܶ׼һٺܶ
ڳ갵Եͷʱ򣬱ˮܶһҵļ׳棬˷ӿȥ
ա
ڷºĹٱ̿һſӵܼЩ׳ϡֻ˲Щ׳ѡǼʹЩ׳ѣȴɲ෢𹥻ֻнǴ˼Σǲ
Щ׳治ͣĴˮӿԽԽ࣬Ѿƽ˷¡ʱĳȴЩˡЩ׳ʵ̫ˣûԼڣЩ׳Ҳܹ˵ЩͨٱǰǸʱЩٱʱ̡ǱϾ̫˽ٱȺҪ㹻ʱ䣬ֻҪʱ䣬;ܹڸˮ֮Ŀ϶
䡭ٱ񵯣׳ըһǣ׳Ͳ֪ࡣ
һȦ°ΧʮˮʱڰΧȦѾۼ˽׳棬ӿ֮ͬ͵عš
ˣ
ӼճûǹǷֽľƷ˳ѾУߣٵĵ
һһ˵ܹԪšȭеȭеĵ
ȻȼԽԽǿ￪ٵԽԽʢѾУڣĵޱ޼ʣԼ֪жִͨһ˵ڵԪӿֱӿһ˵Ȼڣһֻдͨʮܹģ
ԴͻƵУ֮󣬻ûԹԼĵһᣬɼϲŷȥ
ЩٱͿ˳һԵļճϣȻǶ˳ǳǱϾûмôܲ˵һֵ˼ûУҲЩߡ
ǺߣҲܹ￴ŰɣѵƫҪſϳ֣
Ǹʱ֣Ƕˣƾһ˵ܹնɱ˶ļ׳档


415 򿪳Ǳ
ʱǿ˳ӼճбһϲΪʱѹʱһֻ׳ѾͿ˵ǵĸǰ
ǣǾһ㶣ͷŵȫǲš漴һֿЦõı顣û뵽꾹Ȼûǹû񵯣Ƿȡһ󵶡
ѵҪǱȥЩ׳
ÿٱдʱһּΪĵĸоǿ׳棬ǿһֻ׳棬һȥ¿һ£ˡ
ģ߾ǲף
顭
ʱȴڵϺݺһ磬µһƬѣͬ֩һչγȥ˫յ߾ٹ
䡭
ڵĵһ̲Ԫ0Ȼ˵Ȼֳһ˵ڵԪͬһھмתֻ˲»ۣͨ˫ֳ˾Ʒ
䡭
һֱУ˺գͬһҡҷ·㵹һһѹŵѹǵ滹кܴľ룬ڵĹٱ̩ͬɽѹһſ˵ϣŵ棬Ȼܹ
ǳ̫̫̫̫ˡ
ÿٱ϶¶˱ܵľ֣Щ֪ļ׳ҲʼǸоһ޷ֿѹ
еĳʱҲһЦû뵽뵽У֮ͷų˾޴
鷳ˡ
һȥ˵Щ׳棬Щٱͼ¥¶ᾭܲס
һؽͷųȥԪʼջأɫһ԰ףǲ쵶ȴڼС
䡭
һҲڰһĵ˰ΧȦ֮ڡڼ׳ȺڱƣȻܵһȦͬһȦӵۿɼ
ĵطеļ׳涼촷ۡ
ܾģеĹٱڴ͵״̬֮Сÿ˶·ʯˡ
⻹ܹ
紵
׳屻նɵ촷۴ͬһƬڿС
ȻеĹٱһ𣬴ã˹һ˫˫Ŀ˳ݡ
䡭
ڶ߸ҲߵâĺĿռ䡣Թһ˿΢Ц
ʯҲˣ
˾Ʒһӱص˼ճϣһţճͺȻһ˳ȥһΧȦȥ
̫ˡ
֪˭૳Щų걳ʧһ˫˫۾øӵͳݡ
Ȼ䣬һټȵ
еĹٱһ𣬱㿴һֻֻ׳ִˮ˳
աܼǹһ
һҪֵǸٴغ
ǣ֤񣡡еʿӵغ
ڶڵĿвʱشһâһһǳȰ˸˲ͣڶٵƶնɱż׳档
еϷͱҲʼ½½һâҪȶö࣬Ҳܼö࣬ȴûжâ׳
һԼжֻǽСʱͽˣˮҲûм׳ԼжУǵ˵죬ȴǰװ׵صһ죬еˮҲûһֻ׳
ǳûзɾ裬죬ûһ׳ˮгҲû﷢ܹҲʶǲܹеĸ֡
˷˾˾ǵһʱ˵ĴԪռ䡣һԪռ䣬ͼӱ֣ٷЦеǡһʵƽ룿
ǣӳӱֱͦš
ܹǵ𣿡֣購Ҳʵ
ܣӱᶨ˵
̴򿪣ҲҪǰ
ǣӳ
ӱϣָڼϷɿûţӱָͣʱ򣬳˵ĶоһĦ
Ҷһۣÿ˵ж˷ܵĹâԼͬźȥ߳˺ţ㿴Ǹڻߴ򿪡
Ǳڵľǵǰ
ȥ
䣬󲽵ųǱȥ뵽ţһͨǱ㣬һһعۿţûзֵʱڵ࣬ʬ嶼ûпһĵط
󲿷ַϢңŲٵĹԱܴʵҺСʵҡÿʵжгŵĵԺ͸
Ǳ·ɸͣǽɢűĽ
ż칫ģķ䣬еһ칫ҴӹģϿܹƶϳһͳ˧İ칫ҡ
ӱ칫ҵĵǰʼԣҶվӱ󡣵ȴӱ
ӱָɿڼǵǰĿгһĻӱϵصȡļҽһʲôط
һСʵңʵһҩһܹʵҩ
Ļļļأҩڰɹ״̬νɹûдﵽЩѧҵĿꡣ
ǵʵĿܹϵͨЩҩĸʹͻƵľ硣ҩȴֻܹͻƵϽϣ
סֻϣ
⻹Ҫ߸˵ʺĹҲһΪҩˣóڶ֮࣬ҲΪ̾ĿƼˮƽ
г˵֪ڵĩҲĩ磬ʱΧɳǰԮǣǳķǳæҼǵǳرۣԤʾŵ


416 
ĻһҳһҳĶȡ˵ĶʼЩĩ缸һģһֻǻûмЩ˿־޷еȡ
ǣǵɫˣΪĻпʼһЩ档һȶһ¥ôִĹ޳ˣеͨҲˣȫľ޴׳Ҳˡ
Ҳ˵ʱڵҪߴ࣬ǼҲסǺЩеȴͬϡ
ǣǵȴǿͷǿԳǿĵϸûܹЩȼ
ǡ
ǿ׳࣬޴ȻĽ½ڽڰˡ
ʧ
žһص˸оѹ֣оϢ
ÿжʮЩﴳûһϣֻһ
ֻǲ֪ЩǻûиϵѾ
ÿ˵鶼ʮֳأδ˸о˿ϣ·ÿ˵жѹһɽ͸

곤³һһֲĶ־а
ǿֻбǿܹĩл
յ˫ȭɿɫƽʧӱ˵е϶һݣҪǣ
еˣӱصӦһ㿪ʼеϡһطµȴΪһЩŶҪӱ
ҲôãҲʱ䡣û뵽һȾǵһ졣
ӱѶϢ֮󣬿ʼκһ̨ԶŹеĵڵѶϢһ顣ҵʵҩϺ󣬱ϲæꡣ
΢˼һ£ӱе϶ݣ׼Լһ·ݡ
һ֮һ˿ʼӱĴ£ʼһ䣬ȴûʲôջ񡣴һȱŶҪ֮󣬳˵ֳϲɫ
һС⣬ŵֻ࣬һٶֻǹгǹҲǹ
һ˷׷׸һ֧ǹоǶǾˣرǳǶǹе˽ѾǳֻһĹͽЩǹ֧оòˡֻǲǹеĶװ
ΪǳԣЩǹ֧ǰװӵġЩǹҪһװãͬǵС
ҲÿֻǹڶиۣǶ۾ǰеλãȴ֪Ҫʲô
ǲ
갴һǸ۴ťǸ۾Ȼˣְһ£ǸСˡЩȻڷõĶСǾҪʲôأ
ҵĿĴѰǹ֧֮Ҳûκζ
΢΢üͷ˼ţĿǸϣͻȻһڻ᲻Ƿĵط
뵽굥һоͶһ׵࣬˰֮ڣȻһ°ť
ǲ
Сգһ˲ǹоһϲųǹŴȥ
ղŵжû˿Ҷ˼ǸӦ÷ʲô񿴵ǹŴ֮ȥһɫһض˳
վϣĿĹˣȴûҵʲôĿꡣ룬㽫ǹڳǽڣһ
˻
һɫĹ˶ǽڡ
ꡭ
ֻ˲䣬ǽͱʧǽ죬૵˵̫ˣ
оѣвһղǿǱϵ࣬ǲζŷʲôԵܹʲôܣ
ǲ
һǹϵİťĿŰڵȥС˴ʮ֮һģбףһԼܹʮΡ
ԣ
ʯ弤һѴӳн˹ȥȻͿʼԼǹеİ֮ڡ
ʱִȡһ׵Ļϵలڰ֮ڣȻǽڿһǹ
䡭
һȵĻǽϣԭǽѸٵڻ
˻
һʯһǹǽϵĻϨٴα
˷ܵغ
ʯһЦеǹݸ԰ˡȻһƬ䡱˻
֣購ڵ˶һ֮󣬴ҵɫر֣購ӣףֻҪԼӵһҲúˡ
뵽˳꣬ЦевһɱǸӵ龰֣Ǿ˵ĿƼȴ˳Сǵ֣ų¶еЦݡ
֣購еЦݣҲ֣ܲ購ͻԴ˵Щ˿־;֮ͷ˱仯
֪һսҪȫŽŻһ˿ϣԣռЩҴ󲿷ֶ֣購ΪֻԼǿȫֻȫ඼ǿܹӮⳡпս
֣
꣬ʲô˵֣購Ȼһ³꽫ЩߣȴҲû˿취ֻ¶ǺȻЦݡ
֣Щֳǹ֣ǹʮ֧ǹʮ֧Ҵ߳ǹʮ֧µ֣Σ
֣購һȻǿϲû뵽Ѵ󲿷һʱ֮伤˵лллл


417 Ԫռ
ҡҡͷɫЩȻ֣Ҳ˵гֵЩҲڲõĽǾͻǵǰԣҰЩ󲿷㡣㽫ܹƳϣ㲻Ҫṩࡣ
֣購ɫҲȻ˵꣬ġ֪ھʲô
ͷȻתʯ˵ǹȡʮ֧ȥһ䡣
ǣӳ
ʯѸٵȡʮֻǹȻ뿪䡣ͻȻһָȥӳ㿴Ǳߣһһš
תȥȻһСһĴţһ˷첽Ǹȥ
Ÿǰһӱÿһ·ӱߵǰʼһŰһ鳢šȥһСʱ໬
Үӱ˷ܵ
ҲЦݵȥɣ
ȾٲŷȥһŻܣڻϰڷһĴָС͵ĶԼֻʮĵطǿյġ
ЩãȻ֪Щʲôȴı˿صһУǴԪռ䣡
ɫһ㶣ĵǴԪռ䰡
͸ȴԼľ˻ȻܹڣвһԪռ仹ǲ򵥰
һصľһ嵽ŻӵĸǰһһԪռš
ôã·˹ʿأҲ˹ȥĶҲ
δȿ˵ͼӱеǸԪռ䵴һ㣬ȻǸ˲Ŵ󣬻һš
ͨǸȥһԼ򳡴СĿռ䣬һӡ
ôģӱʵ
ӱһЦа
ҵͷеĴָСĴԪռȥȻһٵİ׷׽Ǹ£㿴һųٰ֡һ°ǸʧˣֻʣһĴָСͽ
һɣ
˵˱׷׵ؿԪռ䡣һ飬շеĴԪռڴŵĶҩܹʵҩ
Ǻܷ㰡
·˹ſأ꣬Ǹ˼ʮȷǳʹôԪռʱӰûмһŰ
΢΢һЦԪռиʮָ߼оƬоƬڵϵĿѧҲûопһӣȻŽȥǸоƬԶȻͿԺԪռһϵܹشȡֹţҲᱻ˷֡
ļٵģ·˹Ŀࡣ
Ȼģطһۡ
ʱҲֵĿƼ𺳣Լ磬˼ȻеǾӦеڶһܹ֪ǵڼеĿƼ
ӳôų꣬ͷſĹâ
תͷ֣購߶ʮµĹ㡣
ãлл֣購дϲЩҩǿһԼܹŵߣԼӶҲΪߡô᲻
ֽĿ˿ص˵һһµĹҡ
صûκ飬һǳʵǿһҲǳɱǸӲŷطӦôͷһҲ㹻ˣ񾭲ܽϵĴԪռ䡣
ͬʱҲǹԷָÿһ߼ܹʮˣԪռǾŸһһǲҪ磬ԼϸһǴŰ
Ҳ֪ЩԪռҲ粻ĵطЩԪռڴŶḯû·ŸҲʵһ㡣ȴǳʱҪġ׼ʣµʮһĸһȻʣµľŸеĵһ򣬸ԼãһЩ׸ûĶ洢档
ͬЩǹ˳ȥ֮󣬳׼ҲĸһԳǹҲһ֮ʣµİ˶ԳǹԼ£Ժ͸Լˡ
꽫ЩǹŽһԪռڣȻЩԼĴԪռ䶼ŽȻһ㶼תƽеĵһ
أŵ֮Ҫòܹӣ·˹ǸԪռ䣬һذʵǸ׼ԼϿһ
죡Ц˵
֣·˹䣬ذԼĸ첲ϸһӣȻͰǸԪռ䰴˽ȥ
һЦһƾ뵽Уҵһҽҩ䣬ҽȡ˳·˹ȥ
ʱ·˹һֻ˿ЦʯȴΧЦ
ҡҡͷߵ·˹ĸǰ·˹еߣ۾ͲһϽ첲쵽˳ǰ
Գʵ;ľ磬ٶȼ죬ֻǼӵʱͰ첲ϵ˿ڷϣȻϷȡҩˮɴ·˹˿ҩˮɴ˿ڰϡ
·˹˻ֱۣ˵ֿ˴ǺǵЦš˿Ҳȣһ˵ӳڶѴԪռŽڣ鷳ӳǷˣ
û⣬ҽˣЦǺǵ˵
һӵʱ䣬֣購ڣԪռڡ꽫Ȼ֣購˵֣Щ˾չһʱ䣬Ǳչؽ֮󣬾ͻ뿪С
Ĳܹ£֣購ڴʵ


418 ٽ
ҡҡͷʵǣЩҩǷҪ֣һǰǣ
֣購һ֣ٷ棬һµҸӶ顣
ãͷһ鷳֣
˵ֻҪܹ쵽ˡ֣購̸ɴ˵
ʲô£Ц˵֣Ҳ֪ЩǹеҪ࣬鷳֣ŪһЩ
û⣡֣購Ц˵Ҫ˵ûУࡣʬ壬Ҫж١
ǾͶл֣ˣ
Цź֣購һ뿪˸ǱȻ֣購ֵ֣購ȥͬʱҲ׼˵ҩѾؽɴΪҪҲͳһչˡ
ǻص˱ĸҲӵ˸Ǳ֮УǸĸڷŽ˴Ԫռ䣬ֱַĸһԳǹ̻ʹķ
һжóĸĸһû뵽ĵ֮ǰи貵һֻǵ
ȵѧǹֵ֮ǹλ˵Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ҲһЩԱˣȫǶӵ׸ˡ
ֻһʱ佫ڸ˸ĸöʮֲ⣬ЩûãľٶǿЦáѵܹΪ
ܹΪߣôжߡ
ǣֻЦЦ֮뿪˶ϵķ䡣
žͿʯ˶ϵ߳ųΧ˹
ӳΪʲôھǸҩ
ǰӳǶˣ
Χ˵һģЩԴӵõЩҩ֮󣬾ͰͲ̿ʼʹЩҩչȴֹסˡⶼһʱˣĸķҲЩ˱Ȳˣվ˳길ĸ⡣
ʵҲԹļֻҪǸߵõܹѸʵҩҲܲסǳΪ̵ӡͲĻʼʹҩˡ
ڰֵҩϾǵʱڵĲҲӰп˵ǻŲͬġȻöһȴǸߴࡣԣЩҩǷʺǣҪ顣ΣЩҩѾŵ̫ˣȻĿƼǵ󣬵񾿾ûʧЧҲҪ֡΢һȣҾȥʵҼһ¡
ʯһԼĶͷ԰ô㻹һҩʦЩҩɶġ
˵꣬аԵʵӳҩˮƽʲô磿
ЦҡҡͷûлشʯĻʵȥ
һѾƷҩʦ𣿵Ȼᣬ̫ˣ
һ̤ʵңֽʵҵĴŹϣһȺ
ʵһʱ䣬ʯЩͷʱʵҵĴŴˣһ΢Ц˳ϵ΢Цҵɫһɡʯǰӳôʹ𣿡
ԣû⣡Ҳ˷ܵ˵
Ү
˻һ߾һ顱Ĺǰ˲һˣֻѩվǰҡβ͡
ҡҡͷȻʧЦ漴Ҳ¶˼֮ɫĩյУֻԼʵܹԼӵͰȫһЩ
󲽵˸ĸķڵĴԪռȡעҩŸĸ˵֣衣ǵеҩҸע䣬ȻǾӦܹܿسΪߡ
ģĸĸ˵
ţûʲôõģҲܵģҪʣЩˣ²ܹܶࡣǾҩЧʱ򣬾ͲҪʹˡ
˵ףȡһҩ˷ҩעʱԼע䡣Ҹע䡣
ã
ĸĸߵ˳ǰߣӽ첲쵽˳ǰ
ؽҩע֮УȻֻطֱעĸڡ۲һĸĵ˳˷䣬һ˵ķ߽ȥֽŹϡ
һǰҡͷԵǣЦĴͷģ㡣
Ǳͷų֡Ҳû˷ʱ䣬̸עһҩȻԼעһҩ˫ȴϯضǳ
ֻһʱ䣬˫ۣ¶ż֮ɫһҩǳټȻؽʵУڡ
һǣ˯ָԼעһҩʼ˼εʱȽϳҺעһҩҩʱ䣬꽫ʵУڡ
ʱûֹ֪ͣʯҲֹͣںһͣעҩȻҲѩǣÿμٸעһҩ
һµʱ䣬ʵڴҩ£ʵͻ˽Ϊһٽߡ
һǺͻƵģûҩİ껹ǲ֪Լ²ܹõͻơ
ߺУǣУߵڵԪ̬ߵڵԪȴҺ̬
˵Һڵ̬ԪҺǵԪһգֻڵƯһҺ塣ҪҺС̲صȴҪУߵڳ̬Ԫǿ˲֪ٱ
ҲΪʲôǿҲٽߵĶ֣ҪɱľջǶ˾ԭ򣬷ľ


419 ׷׳
֪ԼʵܹЩҩԼǳáΪᣬΪ֮ԭѾ÷ǳãϼѵʡֻҪչأܹͨЩҩİ£ͻƵϽߡ
ǣûô
һµʱѾܾˣ֪ҪٽͻƵϽһ¾ܹɵġ֪ʯΣѾأڵԼ뿪УԼչؾЩʱˡ
ҪǣչˡоԼͻƵٽ֮󣬻ܲӦ磬ղúԶҪսںսгԼԼʵȶ˲ܹעҩͻȥ
»صĺʵ̫죬òȶԼͻԶ磬ֹǰˡ
۾ѩǣſԼǰ°ͷڳĴϣųꡣ
꿪ĵһЦȥǵĴͷǼ۾˵һӰѳ˵ڵϣͷȥ
ľǵһɨϵЦݸӵͿģʵѾ˾Ž۷壬ֻҪٽһͻΪѩǡ
ǣǳȥ
ӵϱ߳˷ţȻʯ壬أ·˹Ԫӱĵڴ棬ǵ۾һ
ľ˲ɨˣɫ΢㣬˴ʱΪٽڣԼһ㡣
ôܣ
ڱչصʱʵǶԼǿǶǴУرʯ廹ǴУڡһµʱԼһУٽڣôٽڣ
˵ôҲӦн𰡣
ͻȻһѵЩҩѾʧЧˣǵҲ۲ô
˼ʱʯЦӳʲôʵ
һŽЦٽڣ
ɫһ㶣̶ӳ̫ˣȻʵ׷ˡ
Ҳһ¡ʵôͻƵٽڣǵûôɣ
ʯ໥һۣɫǵ⣬ʯĳļӳǵľٽʵȴͨٽȫͬڵǣһ˶Ըٽ߶⡣
Ŷ˺֮ģΪʲô
˷ЦӱҲЦһŮ˷ȶûУֱѳЦĪ
ӳڴЦ֮ʯЦ˵ע˵һ֧ҩ֮û˿ʵ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
û˿ʵ󾪵ô᣿
ٺ١ʯ˵ΪǶͨ˼
ɫһ㶣˲Ȼԭʯ˵ֻͨʮ֮Ϳٵ뵽Уߡû뵽ҩȴܹٴֻͨǲ֪մͨ˶پ
ǰ֧ҩû˿ʵֻڲϵԶֱͨǵܹͨʮǲſʼʵõʱ࣬ȴֻǽʵٽ֮ǱоЩȣҪͨսʵǵľ磬Ծͳˡ
ʮ
갵˼ҩͬصһƷһȫɹҩĻ˵ͨһ
Ҳҩܹ˶ͨʮһҪ˵ʡʯ˶ǾһľӢȻϼ֮ѡŻ˳ֵЩҩ
ʱʯȴͻȻ˵ˣһֻǹŹֵųꡣоղԣ̧ͷˣ˵ɫЩ˵ǡ
ӳʵǲԭʹͨʮʯɹŹֵųꡣ
֪ʱܹϣҶɵӣƾŷԼķӦֻҪɵӶܹжϳЩ˻ֻΪԼֻǴͨʮ֪Լڴͨһǻ֪Ծʲôӡǣ̵ͷһλˣڸһֹҿʼξߵʱ򣬱ͨʮ
û˻ɳ꣬ΪıǴʱѾ˽⡣ļͥעֻܹʦŽ͵ùȥ
ǡλʦأʯĽʵ
˫һ̯ʼ֪ҲûϢ
˵ֳһ˿Ȼĩ磬Ҳ֪˼Σ
ҲһȻӣÿ˵жʮֳءãҲŴ˳˵ȻǴҶľҪǾͳնɱȥɡ˳֮Ǿ뿪ǰǡ
ڽļ죬߸ÿ춼ȥɱǵȻսԼľ磬ͬʱҲࡣ
ӹȥ죬ͯսˡʵͬﵽٽڣֻϵϢ䲻ȶ̵ܹʱڽȶͯսľµ䣬ͻƻüΪѡ
ͯսʱҲͨʮ֮󣬳˴ͯսҲʼɱֹ죬ҲˣͯսһȻʵﵽٽڣϢȴʮֵزȶҲųǰɱ
ϻʱ򣬷ҲˡҩŻϵܣȻһɳ죬Ҳﵽٽڵľ硣ϢȻҲȶȴȵͯսȶˡ
óһֱЦеģɿǷЧǼ񵽱ˡԳڽɴﵽϽʵ֮ЩҩˣҲڵҩרŸҩ뿴ܹﵽһʲô硣


420 
쿪ʼʮ˾ͿʼڳΪɱһˡҪ֪ʮٽֱ߰ѳЩɱĴӴܡ
ҲҪΧɱǣʮٽһԣͷɿس롣ʮٽӣǸٶȱһ㣬ܹΧ
ֹȥ죬֣ٷˡ
ֻͨʮҲֻͻƵУ𣬶ҩѾʧЧˡҲһûбʵҲǴУˡɼʲá
ǣ֣ٷȴûһ˿ľɥ˵ļԭûʸΪߵģȴΪһУߣѾǼ֮ϲˡ
ԣ֣ٷҲ²ظųǳɱȥˡ
й죬ĸ׳ˡ
ҲֻǴͨʮҩҲʧȥáʵ֣ٷ棬ֻǴﵽУʵ
Ҳѳĸֵúϲ죬ϲ̵ظų˳ɱһǽ길׵ľ纻ʵһΪҪϰߺｻսϾǺܿҪ뿪У̤Σ̡
һ󣬳ĸ׳أͳĸһֹ죬֣購Ҳڼ϶ϵдﵽ˴УڣҩҲʧȥáû뿪Ǵ֣購ڳ⺻ʵľ磬֣購мѡ
ʮ֮󣬳˾뿪ˡ
֣ٷվųǰˣѾΪߣ˵ż׼͸׺úþӪС
֣購͸˳˴࣬ȻǺս˴Ԫռ䡣
գ֣購ҪĴĴ׵ſʼ뿪С
һʮһֻŽ۷ѩǴڿҰ֮УŽǶȥ
ǡ
ʱڱҵķսｫǰΧһܹеڿŽǷ𹥻
ǶһƬս֮С
ǽĩһܵҵһι᧿ΣȫǰΧӽȥͿβˣĿ֮ޱ޼ʡ
ڽķм䣬վŰֻǵָ£еǰͺ̵Žǳȥ
ھңԶһߵϣʮͬ򺣳һÿ˶üͷ
ӳⶼˡѾΧˣڼȥ½زס
סܹסɵʧܴ󣡡ɫҲܲÿ
ʯһԵͷǻŸ߶ģԭӵⵯ֮ġϾǾǵǡǣһʹܱ߻һƻǾѾʺסˣľƣڵЩܹȥ
ǸоϤϢ𣿡ĿңԶȺ
ţϢһͷ
ҪﳷˣֻнЩɱһ·ӵվĿ˸Զ
ǡ̫Զˡذર˵
ȥһ˵ţһ߿ʼȷķ
ȥô˾ȵųꡣ
ָָָӵصף
ŻȻ򣬳껹һߣ˾÷ɽڵص״ͨ
ȥˣ
Ӱٵ·ȥܿڽ˺ҹ֮С
ϢǱıԵһȷһֻķ򣬳ͷųɽŵȥͷųһ㾫ȷŷһ뾫žűɽٵڵص״
ھһֻﲻ׵һһС¥ĵ棬سһڣ˳
һѾ֮ķ䣬Ѿȫǽ¥գûһ˿϶ľӶΧ
һɽǽһȻнȡ˳ٵ˳ȥ˲ֻ
顭
ǸԴͻȻըˣ޴ҡһ£ǻѪͬȪһ㣬Ȼصˤڵϡ
ľƷż۷壬ַԲǧףѸٵ˵ڶ꽫˻һߵǽϿһСȻ󽫴˳ȥ
顭
ڶֻԴˣ޴¡¡ص˵ϣΧһƬҡ
Ѹٵؽ˵صűɽ˲佫ڽ˶ڣȻһ
Сʱ֮󣬳һѡһٵĽӵص˳
顭
ֻҲͷ­飬˳
ʱڽǷڵĹٱһĻرһЩֱһ۾ϳ˽ԴǴڡ
ϳ˴֮Ǿ͸ӵʹˡ
˭
ȻܹųĴ뵽ģɵ
һֱָȺеһ
żķݣʱڽЩٱҰܹһĽȥ
ʣǸɱľѻ־Ľ֮ڣͬʱЩٱҲ϶ǸѾˣܹΧɱһʱֹͣ˶ԽǵĹǶת˷Ľ˹ȥ
ž
֪˭Ⱦһ񣬽ڷоһľ֮еĹٱķݾ˸űʹ
ʱеĳѾ뿪ˣǸҲ̤ˡЩƽֻǲһӵʱͰײˣҲ뿪Ǹˡ


421 
ʧȥͳ˧ĹʼһЩԥԽǵѹʼʱĳѾֵ˽ǵһ档
ֻֽʱ򣬽ʣµֻᵽΣ˳˵ĺͬ˳һȥ
ʱҲûţʼڵصѾǱȥȻͷһһΣ˷Ϯ
ľ˲ջأȻڵصӣϾֳһ˿ɫڵص״ʱļ׳Χ
Ӳˣ
䡭
ӵص׳˳ɽͬʱ˾Ʒ弶ʩչ˼ޣٽԪ֧£ͬһǰ˳ȥеľƷܳ޾һֻʬն˹ȥ
䡭
޾ĵֻʬмӹʬ˲䣬̽һֻֽһץ˳սС
𡭡
Χﶼ˳ӰŭųɱͬʱڿҲų긩
䡭
Ԫӵڳ˳ӿһ֮УȻ˫ֻۣ˾Ʒ
һҫĿĹҹգҵӣ޴ĵâŵ洹䣬ڴĹն
䡭
âڴϣ޾չѿһһĺ蹵ﻯ촷ۣѪڿС
ѸٵسԶӶȥҲ˿ͣﻹ˵⼸ֻࣿ
ʱЩﻹûжٷӦȵǶӦ˹Χм䣬˵һٽ¾ǴҲҪ
⡭⻹𣿡
Ƿйٱ˼άͣڸղǲ쵶һ
ĿռУĵϵ˸¡¡ĺͣ쳹Уһ֣ȵһֵʱѾеĹٱ
⻹˵ٶ𣿡
ҹɫͬһ㣬ٶʩչ˼£֪ԼΧ֮ǰȥȴԼֻ
ڳ걻ֵʱ糷һˣ֮Ѿ˺ܶࡣЩֻܹŭųɿʧıӰţؿųıӰʧҹɫ֮С
ǣڿȴֻضų꣬ʱų긩κȻһ֣˲ͷųűɽ˵صףȻһȥ
ʱĳѾ˵ص׵ļ׳͵ϵֻпеֻΧš
ԼСʱ֮󣬳һӵصС˳Ȼͷųɨܡ
ȷΧûΣ֮󣬳˽ǣȻжϳʯķǸɶȥ
ʮҵʱ䣬صʯصĵط
ӳˣʯ˷ܵӭ˳ꡣ
վˣµ˵
ôͻȻӵص˳˹ʵ
㵱ԸⰡ귭һ۵ǵصͻȻ˴ļ׳Χɱң
˵ɫһŷӦ˹µ˵Ǽһ
˭˵ǣ
ĸĸһֱ´ų꣬Ц裬û¶
ȷû֮˲һû¾ͺãû¾ͺã
˱űŽȥʱΧǵѾʼ˵òˣǻĴȥѰʳȻڲõĽԽǷһν
ֹȥ˴ԼСʱǵΧѾûмֻˣӽǵķпʼ߳һӶӹٱɨս
ӳǲǣڴų꣬Ѿ˼ſڣӱĶ֪״ΡĸĸҲڴΪĶҲסڽǡ
ٵȵȰɣûǡ˵
˾㶼ͷʱȥúܿ죬꿴Щٱһʬ˳ڣ΢΢üͷҪ˴ѵѾˣҪΪʳˣ
Ӧǰɣͯսɫص˵ĩѾٿˣǵĴܼôãοдӿ롣
ӳʱͻȻָһ򺰵
ȥȻһײײٸˣŽȥһܣһߺţг˵
Ҳ߰ɣ
꽫ս磬ʯҲս˴Ԫռ䡣ʱʮϴĶͨ·ش˳Žȥʱ򲻶ϵؿʼŽӿȥ
߽˸ղŵսЩɨսٱЩֿЦһ۶ûпֳѾľˡȴԳʮʮָȤ
Ϊʮ̫侲ˣ侲ͬɽˮûһ˿ŵɫҲûһ˿ѵǱЩٱֵʮûһЩֿЦҲһѲ˵ðɡ
ʲôˣһųס˳ʵ
ѵģ
һʹǸų˹ȥǸųܵҪס꣬ʱʯߵԣĿһɣǸų͸оɽѹ˼һľ
ȵӾзӦ˹һѾ߳˺Զ
ⶼЩʲô˰
Ǹųųһ˵ıӰЩһ紵󱳾÷䣬ŷ־Ǹղôһ˲ĺ󱳾Ȼ졣
һ˺ܿ˽ǣǵ浽ˣֱΪݡֻÿ˵϶ʧȥĩ֮ǰЦݺҸУϵĶľ
סһ˴һ˾ȥ⼸ס£ȻҸȥԼˣʱµķ伯ϡ


422 ҵ
ҪֳĸҪǾӪǾ˺ߵļסĵط˾סĵطһЩƵ꣬ݾڱƶĵײ㡣
ֱ滹Ƿĩ֮ʱĴ¥ʱѾ޽꽫ĿӱǱˣѡݵȻͽǡ
ص˽ǣӱҲһЦһƵ꣬վڴƵſڵӳסƵɣƵĩ֮ǰǽõľƵꡣ
ͷһ˸ӱ߽˾ƵĴšŷ̨ȥ
ɫ΢һ㶣վڷ̨Ůʮ죬΢˼£Ůĩ֮ǰǻս֪Ӱǣųǧ˿ȴֻܹվﵣǰ̨Ա
ҡҡͷĩıһУҪϴĩ֮ǰĹѾȫͬ
Ҫʵ
δߵǰǵϱֳеЦݣﵣǰ̨ԱѾһˣѾܹߺ֮ͨĲͬǰʮһߣҴǵϿһ˿Ǳÿ˵ɫʮƽͨ˵ܹеɫ
Ų߹ӱǵ޵һ˿ʡҶŮˣΪʲôܹΪߣΪ߹һȺˣԼȴֻܹÿЦǰ̨ӭ
ҡ
ʱΪ˵õһݺõʳﻹҪЩ˵
ǣǻǺܿطеļʣϵЦݸӵĲáӱ˹ʩλСãǺá
˫˷˵Ǯ
һ˵һȡԼĿ뵽ԼѾܾûпˣͻȻһ˿СȴûԷĻӦ̧ͷԻȥȴղŻ¶ʮֲЦݵѾһоǼ
һѾܾû񿴹ˡ¾˵
һǸղžʮּӱʱϵļӵطŴ󣬶һ͡һЦ
񣬸Ͻȥ
˵ʲô˫Ŀһɣһɱͷ˳
Ǹɫò԰ףĵźŵţһֱ˵ǽǽϣȻȴɺ˵ҪΪǡߡͿٵľƵꡭ
˭ڽҰ
һѭȥһӵ߳ǸͬˣһŤ֫λȥһίشſǻ٣ң
ţ
ٵ˫Ŀһ˳ˡľ̼˳ȥλٵһɨ֪ԷһУԷ䣬ܹﵽҲӦó塣
ٵĿڳһɨöһ˿أȻ˵ʵȴܹ϶ԷҲߡǣΪűء
ڽ˭֪ҾƵٵģʮ߻ҵﵷңѵԼĶͷģ
뵽ٵд˼ɱôҵģ
Щˡ
˵˭ǼˣüݺݵضŶǸŮˡ
ȻʧЦ˺μʱĵһӡɲһŮƢ𱬵ĺܣ̵ܹ±˵ˣ
Ǿǵͼ񣬲ǼʲôǸվԱߣʱһ׳ʾس
һӰڴڼӹһӰ
ž
λٶûзӦӰѾվǸǵǰһ˳ȥȵԭתһȦһƨ˵ϡ
⻹飬нڵʵһȱǸŮӵͷ­

нڣ꣬ʯ壬أ·˹ԪӱͯսɶѾнڣеһ·ϣҲѡעҩȻͨɱȶ硣ҩİ£ʮ˼ͷȺ󶼽нڣֻгĸĸͣУľ硣
ٳԾղӰûп˼˾룬ļҲ䱸ٿһѾǸǣĿһŮӡ
ϣͻˡǿʵп˳ƽԼоͲһЩ˵ʵᶼŮһɡ
һŮŴˣûп˵ٵˣٵĿ˹æͰ͵ؽԵ˵һ顣
꣬ĿЩԥ֪鷳ģǸյǲĹء뵽ǳֵλС㣬Ǹյǣ
ôˣߵصٵΪǸյˣ
ٲӿЦС㣬ڽǣĩ֮ǰĻѾûˡʵֹڽǣﶼˣЩҾǷֽ
ɫһ㶣еһж֣購ṩҴеǵһ·ҲߵҰ⣬ǲ֪飬ɻͷһ۳ꡣ
ʱҲӦ˹֪Ӧû˵ѡĩ֮ǰĻҲȴʧȥЧЩǷֽߵٵĸǰ˵٣ǲĹأҲܹǼɣ
⡭
국ذ˰ֵ֪ڽʲôң
ԳԵʬ壡


423 Ѱ
ٵĿڳ˵ɨһֻۣÿ˱һʲôʬ壿ǲӹһ˿Цаô˵ҵӣʵǿûʬ壬ܿ԰Ǻȥɣ
Ҳ΢΢üͷ΢˼һµ٣ʬûУ㿴𣿡
Ȼԣһ㶵˾涨߿԰Լɱ£۸Ҽ۸ʬһ֡
ۣ΢΢üͷʲôǵࣿĩ֮ǰĻ𣿡
ô᣿ʱѾȫ϶˾ǸոսǵߣЩƺǿб㲻˽ύ֮ġĩУʵǷڵһλģʵǿ߽ύÿһ˵ԸҪǳ˸ոսǣûӰӡǣٵҲ¶ЦݵʱΪǽһſûչǵ࣬ЩڽڿԹκζ
Ŷͷ٣ǸոսǣЩֱۡӳ䵱⼸䷿𣿡
Ȼԣٰ֮۸ˡҾԼ۸һڽǻܲ㡣
ҡҡͷҲڽǶܿͻ뿪ˣ˫˼һҪࣿ
ȥǱɣ
ٽϢɳ£Ȼ˵һ׵࣬˫˼һҪһٰʮţ׵Ҫʮţ׵ҪʮţĽ׵ҪţĽ׵һŻкܶʣࡣ
˵ͷ֣購͸ǵĶϵ࣬һ·ϴɱǣȴҲɱ̫һ׵Ž׵࣬мʮֻ
һԹǹеֻܹһǹֱǼߡһҲŲٵһЩôƽʱҲЩһ൱˳ԡ
һϾ̫࣬һЩʯ˵ҴЩһɣ
˶׳˼һıװȴģȻһſһȡ˳չһٰʮŷϡ
ٵĿ˸һ£ɲǰЩֻһ࣬Ҳû˵ʲôӻֱ˽ЩȻ˳Էίľܾˡ
ʱ꣬ӱȥԼļˣﻹ˼Է
Ҳ˳ƺʲô£ҲǿֻǸ߳꣬ʲô
ڷϴһ裬ֻһ׸ɾ·֮󣬴ұ뿪˾¥ɢȥ
ӱԱԼļҶȥ͸ĸԼļѰȥʯͯսǴſؼ˽ȥĴȥˡ
ļסӱļסڶĶҾסԣܿһ˾һСҵ˶סǶ¥
ⶰ¥Ѿ޽һŵ¥վ701ķǰţ洫һŲȻһŮ˵˭
ңꡣҺͰˡ˵˵
ͣһ£̶ٴ𣺡ǲʶ㣬Ҵˡ
ɫһ䣬ܾûмͶҲŮ˵ǲǶ㽫Ŀ˸סĸ׼æذ
ǲʶأǸϽ뿪ҪˡǸŮ˵ʼü
زؿųꡣ
üͷֻ֣˲־ͷ˽ĹȻһ壬ƱڣһͰǸɫŵŮˡ
ǸŮ˼
ô¶洫һ˵һŲݳȻһ˳һ㶣̶ɫò԰
ǡʲôˣ˽լҪǹеġ
Ļû˵꣬ͼͻȻѾվǰһֻסĲӽ
Ǹ˫գѾЩϢ˫Ųͣҵţһͨ졣
ɱˣˡǸŮͻȻش
žĸ̧һǸŮ˵Ϻȵ죡
ǸŮ˵ļȻֹ־ųĸסͷĸ˴ĴָȻǸ˷˵ϣ˵ҪսҵģΪʲôסԭסĳأ
ǰѡǡ
ǣضŶԷ
ǣǸӼѵһĭҡкͬ
øҿʱ̬ѾƽǶԷģԼǲܹһҪҵ˿е֪һ˵䡣
úãȥá
Ǹ˺ܻܿ棬ֺܿ˻һֽؿһ飬ֽֽݸ˸סؽӹֽһ֮󣬵ͷǸǩȷʵıʼ
ıʼ
иһ˿תͷǸӵ̸̸ɣ
˵꣬ԹԵߵһɳǰ£Ȼӱȡһһŵϵţ
ǸҲһ֪ȻţǾͲǽٷˣǳصݣҲ΢£ڳĶ
˵˵ҶɣԽϸԽá
ʱſڴһŲ󺺳˴ţΪ׵һ꣬һžֵغȵոڵģĸָ֪ܵҼҰ


424 
ץԱߵɳ泯Ǹ˹ȥ
ۡ
Ǹ嵹һײ˹ڵϣʣµĸ˼ӳֻһɳͰһϵȱʵ߻һʵĿƣҪֲң˹Ͻ¶һֺõЦݡ
ǡǸҵĶӡɳǸ˽Ͱ͵˵
û£תͷڵϺߺһ
Ṉ̀˺ͣӵĿЩ˸ųꡣȴٴǸ˵˵˵ɣ
Ȼ֪Ҫ˽ʲôһȻо£ȴҲû顣ɫ꿴һ̾ҵĲãѷˡ
ġһջǿ˵ĩսٵʱ򡭡ˡ
ˣоһһԵĳظݺᡣ
ǡˡ˵ĶӻСֲߣԡӸȥ
ֳ̾һԼõʮ꣬νСӳӡοԼĶ壬ӻˡȷʵûˡ
ҼҵСӡ˵ƫͷһ۴ʱڵϵǸ꣬˵ĩ֮ΪߣһһȥԾķӡ
Ȼ˵ļ򵥣ǳҲѾľҲЩֻҪҵԼĶõܣ˵ǺͬҲ˵Ƕ˼ġϵɫҲ˵֪Ҷһס𣿡
ҡҡͷľһټĽǲ֪סȥңĩ磬ڽҲʮֻң֪õ
ԥһµǲڱĵطһڱ
ȻƶҲֻܹסѰҵķΧСˣ΢һ漴ֽƶҲĴʣõ֪ܲôˣ
뵽Ҳû˼ˣǣ͸ĸ뿪ԭѸĸͻؾƵ꣬ȻֱȥҶǳĸĸͬ⣬Ҳֻú͸ĸűȥ
ĸĸҲУʵ˵ٶȺܿ죬ǱҲʵǲСַǳĻңһЩ˵¥ЩƶԼҸ䣬ǿһ¾סкܶ˼һЩשͷ֮ĶһסˣЩ˼Щľס£ЩеûᣬֻҸĵط¶סš
һһߴһѰңһҲûҵһҡֻȷؾƵ꣬ҡ
ص˾Ƶ꣬ӱ˼ɫã֪ûҵˣһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôá
꿴˵ɫ֪ҵ˼ˣ㰴Լɫ¶Цݵҵˣ
ţӱһͷ
ôģ
Ը뿪ǣǰǣ
ͷ磬ÿ˵жΪȫģ˿ϴǰǣȻ֮áһ뵽ԼĶõܣ̾һȺͼ˾סһʱɣҪʱҵҵĶһҡ
ڱһǣһȫưӴ򣬴ԼҲǧʱѾ΢⣬סĶƶеƶˡʱʮϵ˶Ѿ뿪ҳȥܲҵһԵġ
ǳȥܲҵһЩ׬һʳһЩڳȥԻ֮󣬻ǲԵһЩˣǾܹԡ
ʱڼĶһЩУһڿյϣʮ߼ʮΧһȦл
ӣֶһߣһ̫̫˵
ƭʲôȿȡ˽ϵĵ£ϸһĳ죺Ҵĩ֮ǰǼҴ绰Сߣһ˵ȥ˵Ǳߵһٽ׿ڸġ
˵ֳԺ
԰ʱһ̫̫дżʣ˵ֶߣôߣס
⡭ⲻϵ¶ı顣
ҲǣǸ̫̫ƲƲ֪š
˵ʲôڵһվΪ̫ؿ
˵ʲô˵ʵǸ̫̫Ҳʾ˵ȥЩ̵ľЩߣΣյҲЩߣҲûʲôϡġ
žǰݺݵظǸ̫̫һ⣺˵˵˵˵
ʱĳѾڱˣûҵʱǧ׵ľȫչͼʶ
˷ļҴҡҶӻôʰ㣡
ҵֶӣҴţȿȡ
пϲԼĶͽֻǲ֪ǲԼĶ½һӾǰȥĸĸɫһ㶣ҲæŶǰȥ
ڳľУŮקһ𣬻м̫̫ܡٶȳЩŮ˵ĸǰЩŮ˾һԼҲֲĸļ֮´һס֣
һͬһڿը죬ЩŮһӾͱסˡĩյûеɽʵһСƾųһǾ֪˲ǣһϽ֣η˳꣬Ҳ⡣


425 ¶
ĿĿЩԥʱͳжģ̫ڳļУûôϡ
ʱҲηηų꣬һֱиǺ£嶼һԵǸֳֻ̫̫ܵĿ⡣ʱ򣬳ĸĸӺ׷˳ųĿȥɫһ㶡
ʮԺûٺ棬ټϳı仯ܴȻϲܹϳط򸾰ȻطԵࡣ
󡭡硭̽ʵ
𣿡ĸǰվĸǰ
ɩ
ۡһ˽˳ĸ׵Ļ޵ذǼ̫̫ݣηص뵽ղǸŮ˽дɩһߵǾ仰ֶߡɽĿ˹ȴĿɨ˹һǸ̵̫̫ŵһƨ˵ϡ
˭۸裡
ʱ򣬴һŭתͷȥһʮһ࣬׵˹һʮ׷׷ߺСӣཻҴ㡣
ĿһǸԼõСżһأξͳ˳ȥ
顭
һǸĶϣǸ͵˳ȥડһ˵ϻ˹ȥǳǸͱһˡ

Ǹղűŵڵϵ̫̫ӵǸԵײײ˹ȥʱСȴһ㶣ͣס˽Ųų꣬תͷŵ衣
Сøꡣ
ડеǿ˵ϣų죬ˮ
硭
һ硱ĩսٵʱСʮ꣬˸׵ȴΪ˼ͥĶеļѿ֪Լһֱݵ߸磬Ҳ̲סеίſֻų˹
ĸӶһ޾ֹסڳһڵȰ»һӡ΢ƽ֮󣬳˵С߰ɣ
ãá
Ȼ˶ڳԵѩУŵüæ˵Сģ£
桭ģ߶µ˵ȴȻ䱸ǡСԣʵʵضӱ
磬ܹ𣿡
ͷЩĵض˵ǣҵܵܡԺҪ
վĴͷײײлϲСǵͷûһͷ̸֣˫ǵĴͷţĵشЦš
ѾܾûôˣֻһֱѹԼͷϵŸĵһӾͶɢȥˡίֻظһǵĺ󱳣ǱͷɳԴ
ʱҲоûΣգڳĲ˹ų꼤˵С꣬лл㻹ǵöϧĶˡ˵ˮ
һԵĳ˵ǻ뿪ɣҿҲá
ԣԣʰһ£͸ߡСˡ
ŶСӦһɿǣǿڵϵ
Сˣ˵
ˣʲôˣȻֵͷԼе磬˵
ţͷ
ǳʲôСһĲᡣ
ЦСͷиõĶԣ˵Щ֮Ķ΢Ķأʲôö
ޣСͷлЩذǿӵ˵ϣһԵҲ¶Ŀ⡣
ûʲôҪĶͲʰˣھ߰ɣ
һ֮ӣȷʵҲûʲôҪʰĿǰĸصĶǿࡣ
ǰѶһȺ̫̫ĽĿȥˡ
Ǿһڣ˾ԴɳϣĶĶ档ǵھƵǸ١
˵ľƵסʮİߣ
ǣ
ԴؿһԼĶӵֻʮ߰ˣûбҪС֡ȥһ¡
֣ǵʵǿ
ǿǿʲô̶ȣԴЦ
ҡͷ֪оǿ
ǿ
ԴһЩҪ֪ĶҲһУʮȶǿĻʮУʵѾֵˡ
ͷţôоġҸоֹǿһ
Դȫ˼пٽ
ǣᶨ˵ҸоǺ;ӪЩٽһϢ¶ɱʱ򣬱ЩٽҪϬ
ʮİٽԴ΢΢üͷǵΣ
ƺݣŮѾҵǵŮһһӱһЩһֱڱƶ
ӱǽˣ
ǣ

Դɳվ¥鷿Ȼ򿪵ԣһļȻ
Դĩ֮ǰڵһ󽫣ĩս֮Ųӻس˽Ϊǵָӹ١ͬʱһļļмصĶǽĩ֮ǰΪڵľ


426 Сչ
ĩս֮ʱڵҲ˲٣ʧɢ˺ܶࡣԴ˼ǣЩܹ˽ǣԴٻؾӡ
ӱ֣˲ˡԴֳЦݵȻǴڷؽǵģͺˣ԰ٻؾӡʮٽǵʵ
֣ǵ˼ǲڽǶܾãǻܿ뿪
뿪Դ΢΢üͷɫǾˣԷΪְҪ뿪뿪ģȥһ£ҡ
֣Ҿס
ʲôף
ʮٽһߡڽҲǾһҶ󣬻ˡ
Դεüͷú񻪹ƿܶԭĴ嶼ߵǰ̨һЩڵ˾һˡ˿ɲеǸ˵ʵڵΪģʵǿ
ΪԼ̬ȵԭ򣬶óʮ˼ˣԶ
˵¶ڽǣ
ǣ
ӱĸĸǽˣǲڱҪȥ
˼ţʱѾŶСص˾ƵꡣСֿһ䣬Ȼзһ֥һ룬ַ˼ͼ㳦ݸС
ĸ˿۾Ź⣬ԴĩһѾûгԹЩˡܿؾͰ֥꣬С̵ݸĸһһ㳦ȴסСЩԼ԰ɣ岻ãܹôࡣȳţҸơ
ޣСӦһֿһĸףЩͷ
Ҹ㿴
ΪһҩʦôѾΪһˮƽߵҽرΪߣȻӵ˽⣬ټľɨṹԲͨҽܹˡ
ʶϸϸɨһ飬ֻ֪˷纮աȡҩ͵ϡСƾվóҩ͵룬ȻԾҲ֪ʵĲҪʡҲ֮ܣȴʮָˣ֪˵룬ԼĲܿͻȬ
˵֮󣬳صԼķ䣬΢΢üͷ﷢ԼֵׯѾˣǿϴһƬҪԼһѵȥոǵðԼͷȻŻеʲôո֮ĻеС
ǵڽǾһũӦźܶũɡ뿪˾Ƶ꣬ũӶȥ
ȻũźܶũũڴʱסóЩΪѡ룬ȡһ䷽棬ũ棬Ȼ˳ȥȻ˭һصʳﰡ
䡭
ũڵ˳˳տʼ˲ţǵ˴ӵϼ֮󼤶ش˳֮ũڵ˶
е˶ũڱ˳ֻ˲ũھͿտҲѸٵũڣһЩеսڣȻѸٵ뿪
뿪ũȴûлصƵ꣬Ѱһ棬ȻڽչȷԼĽû֮󣬿ŷɽ˵صףȻŪ˷ֲԼŽ硣
ӷصߵһ·͵͵ռͺͲͣ͹ڣ㿪ʼæոȻҪһӡȻЩĴ׺׷ԼڵһǺõĹȲ档
֮ǷأٰоԼѾ˺þãΪ˺üٷ˿ֱϵŷԼȻ졣
æг÷ɽ·ӵص׳žƵɱȥ
һصƵ꣬ͿĸھƵſţһ꣬ؾͺСӣЩܵȥˣ͸һƿֿʼˣ
һŵ裬ңе¡
ˣĸ׿һ࣬ʹ˵ЩܵȥˣŪһ࣬Ͻȥϴ裬·ȥ
Ӧһȥ
ȵȣغס˳ǸҹΣƺʲô¡
ţ֪ˣ
Ҵҵ¥뷿ϴһ裬һ·ִҴҵܵķ䣬ǸСɫ˺֪ܶ࣬Ϊĸ˺ܶʳǵ忪ʼָ
˵ƿֺ֮Ͷ˵˼仰ŻصԼķ䡣һ뷿䣬㷢ʯ˶Լķһ㶵£
ʯɫ΢ЩǺܺõ˵ӳʲôʱǰǣ
΢Ѱ˼һµʯ壬ҶĲûкãҪһʱ䡣Ҫһߣʵӽǵǵḷֶ̌Ӧûʲô⡣
ʯɫҲЩԥ뵽Լļ˶ǾǸ߲㣬λȥһ˼ǾԼѾٽ֪ܾܲһ¼λãܣ׼ųꡣԣҡҡͷһһ߰ɣҺͯսļﶼ£һЩȥҲû⡣
ãȻˣǲʱոСأҸĸտˡ
˵۾һǵͷӱ˵Һ课ͻؼұչˡξͻнΪ׼ȻＯϡ
ãȷҪչ֮󣬱׷׸뿪
룬˶ķ䣬ԼĴ͸ĸ˵һ顣̵ͷȥչذɣ齻Һ裬ҲͻơҪĵƿңСҲùܣһҲչء


427 ʵЧ
ãּһ¶֮ĵƿȻԸ˵λĻ͸Ǳչˣһеǳ֮˵
ţ֪ˣ
صԼ䣬ͯսסһڣȵ뵽ʱѾͯսעҩϥڴϣʼתˡ
ͷŲϣ룬ûעҩǴǽ뵽䣬ŲϣȻ￴ţԼС
磬Ϊһڷҩϴڵıչ֮󣬾һֱ˼һ⡣
ҩעõģôԼɲһҩڷͬһ˲ҵƿҪͬʱҩܹõÿһЩԼҲ˫£᲻ͻƵøӿһЩ
ڴеǵһ·Ѿڵʯѡһҩҩ˼ܹڵѾҺԪչͬһ㣬Ȼ󣬵ȴһƷҩ
뵽֮󣬱㿪ʼҩ԰вժҩȻ̿ʼҩ˰յʱ䣬ƳƿҩȻŴг
֮ǸǷһƿҩȻ룬ȡһƬ֮ĻǷ£ȻԼҲһƿҩһƬ֮Ļ꣬Ŵ뿪䡣
ͯսȥͯսѾȫ뵽֮СûǿͲ֪Χκ顣
ȡҩֱǺԼעȥǱſ˴½뵽˯֮СҲϥ˴Ͽʼǳ
ҩֱעѪҺУʼھѪ֮ҩҲʼЧͬʱ֮ȻҲʼ𶯣껹ԼķͲ֮ȻںϣЧʼͬʱãֽںһǳͬһڶһ㿪ʼ֮ԪͬʱڳľУؿΧǵǳ֮Լڳ˽ھдתȻ뵽֮С
ĵڣһҺ廹ǻתԽתԽ죬γһСУǵ㣬Ĺâ
ŨԪڴ֮ת֮󣬴Ӿӿ˵ֻǲһСʱʱ䣬ĵھͳŨ̬ԪȻͿʼѹЩ̬ԪǻҺ̬
һΣΡ
ڵ̬ʼҺ̬ϡʱ򣬳ǳתһ죬ֳŨ̬Ԫڵ֮ڡ
ܶʼԵظоεٶҪ֮ǰٶȷ˼
֮
ĵڴһԭֻһҺĵѾӵһϪʵϽ
۾һ۶棬ͯսڴַһƿҩһƬ֮Ļ꣬ȻָԼעһҩʼ
ֹ֮󣬳ʵѾϽ۷壬ʱѾоǵҩԼѾˡ
ǣ껹ЩģָԼעһҩȻȷˣҩֻܹԼʵ磬ԺЩҩԼ˿á
Ҳ֪ʱֻҪԼڷʳһƿҩһƬ֮Ļ꣬һܹͻƵ󽫵ļ
ǣ껹֪ͣԼҪȶ磬äĿͻƵ󽫼Լûʲôô
۾洲ϵͯսֵͷ˿ѩУǻ˯ϵϢѾʼһ˿ѩǵϢѾ͸˳
صͷ뵽ϴһ裬һ·ְ·ϴˣȻŴ˳ȥѾȥ죬ԸĸЩġ
մ򿪷žͼڵһϣ˳Ͼһϲڵһվ첽ߵǰС꣬ͻ𣿡
ţͷн۷壡
̫ˣظ˵Ĵųļ
֣أ
˯ְ࣬죬ϡ
̾ˣϰǺ˴ųǱչأְвɸж
лл裡
СӣĸӦġĳļ
أ
Ҳȥչˣһߣڽȥǵ·ҲһЩ鷳
ҲǣöΪһ£
ţȻһ
תͷһȴӵ˳
٣Цӭȥ
ˣ¶õЦݡ
ûУҡͷ˵Ŀǰһ˳أǻҪһЩʱ䡣Ҳˡ
ǡȻˣұһϯΪء
⡭ͷŸס
ȥɣػ˵ѾˣΪǻ
Ӵ壡æǰƤЦضԳ˵Һ˵ٻˣСˣǰ٣
úúãҲ֣СҼСͽˡ
ϣתų룡
һڣܿһϯв̾ǵʲôʱȨײݻ
ϰڵĸּȶѾĶȴܹ׶ٵزһ
ƱյԺ˴ԼСʱԽԽǢ˵Ҳų˵ܹһ𣿡
˵
ʲôʵ
Ͻ۷壡
ŵų꣬૵ʵˣ
ʮˣɫЩ㱣ЩΪߵ¡
ʮģִ˰죬ֵ꣬ͷԼв٣Ȼһ飬ЩʵһչصЩˡ
꿴һۣĩнľʵܹȥʵɵ¡΢Ц˵ȵǳ֮󣬲ĻҲӦϽߡ


428 ٸһλ
оһȻ֪ͳһչصܹʮˡӱؼұչأ˵߾ʮϽһǿҪ֪ĸҲǴ󽫰ˣֻȳһǸ׶ˣŶ
ôôǿ
꿴һۣ̾һǴԵǧٴβŵõʵڹȥĽǼÿ춼ҪԼ˵ǱǱȳġ
˳Ĭʵδδ㣿˵׼ԳҸԴǽǾ˾ڵھǴ󽫼ߡĩս֮󣬻سǣҽҸ˽ǸҸһݽߵҸдڷߣͰٻؾӡ
ǲܹش÷ǳɴࡣ
ǾˡŬš
ǵĿĵǾǣĻ
Ϊʲô
Ǿܣ˵
ˣʱ˳ĻʮϽɵĶ飬ִǲˣֻŷʵȻ֪˳ȥִô˵ھǾһ͡жʱ˽ύ֮ģĩУԼʵҪǿҪᱧȣֻ뵽ʵǿȦŻӵͰȫ
ҵĸһֱҪǳԶٱ㷹㿴
굱Ȼܾһ󽫽ύ̵ͷû⣬Ҫлл˾ֻеȼ죬ҵ˳ء
ǵȻҲûʲô飬⼸Ҿų
⵹ǲãҸոͻƣ⼸׼ȥɱޣһҵľ硣
ԥһµܸܲȥһһ°
ƫͷЩȻЩ˵ǲǺ㣿
ҡҡͷ⵹ǡ
ǡ
ֻҪ׼ԵǲҲգ국˵
ĻһŭԼôҲһ꿡ܰɣһʮУҲҪڣȴȻһ̾ǵȥִʱˣȴֻЩ˻
ʲʲô
㵵ų꣬ȥִһȴֻгʮ˻һʲô񰡣
Ȼ֪Ϊٸ˶ǺһʵҲȥ͡ԼȥΪҪɱûǸȥչܹס
ǽȴͳĲһȴ˳ʵ֮ôߣһǲϵԵĽҲǿʤ֮ģҪȥɱ
걻ûû˰취ֻõͷӦ֣µض˵١
𡭡æֹס˳٣ǰҵá
ҾͽɣҴ󡣡
ãã쿪ĵЦ˵Ҿиϵˡ
ɣͷ磬ڳԱˣߡ
ôȻ
һѾȶȶ磬ʵ˵ġ
ãһҵı档
ҴҵȥִҴҵػںϵıһۣĿⲻһ㶡Ĳ࣬ȴû뵽ıȴһѾ޸
𣬾ٲȥ˳ĿؿıӰ֪߳˽ǵķ£ʼſҰȥûס꣬㡭ôûȡ
֮£ԭѾϰ˴ʱȡرʯ˶˴Ԫռ֮͸ӵزܻˡ𣬲žԼЩˡ
ڴռ仹ӦñһЩˣֻ˵ţγҪȭͷʵһ¾硣
ɴ۾ų죬Ÿ˳ҡͷ̾Ϣո˵󣡡
һ·ǰУԶһֻֻһ׶೤ֻ棬д׶
꾫һɨ֪һֻŽ׳ڵ󣬱һԵ˵һֻŽ׳ڵȥ԰ɣ
ɫһȻҲ֪ԼУʵӦܹնɱһŽ׳ڵȴһҲûСһֻŽ׳ڵսĻѾˡ
ԣԺһֱɱ˽һµһֱһŽǽһԿţֻӲͷƤȥ
䡭
þȫһֻ󡣵ֻʵ̫ˣͬһڹ⣬˲ֻ޸еľ޸ݺݵ˵ϣͷ˵
ǣһ˲䣬ֻѾֻѾʺʱĸͷڵʺѾоķ
һжˣʱеľ޸ȥˣΨ۾һգȴĽ١
ۡ
һ죬۾һֻץֻͷϣȻһ
顭
ͷͱˣԽѪһ
ȴûʲôӦ·ʯһ㣬ֻȵ겻֪ŪһذףؿʿȡݸʱȻѡ
æؽӹǿŽԼı棬صͷվڳǰ
죬û˵̧ͷ˳꣬оһ¶һ˿ʧ
ҡҪͣȴÿзɬ˵
ں£˵
ͣȴǵͷͬһ˵ǣ
Ҳʲôԭ㺦£Ҫ֪һη壬˲ǿ󣡡
ͷϵϢţϢʼȶ̧ͷųٸһλᣡ


429 ս
ĬĬؿֱĺ亹ŵ˵ܹٸһλᣬȴٸһλᣡ
䣬תźڰȥ˫ȭֳ˱׳֮ɫž޸󲽸˳
ľһֱעһı׳вЦõô׳
ȴǶһ˿øУһֱչѰʱƺЩﶼ֪ȥˣûҲûдȺһ·ϵһЩǵİ˽һµóž޸سȥɱ֮󣬻ӵ˳꣬һСѧڴʦ̬óЦ
Ҳ˽һͶһո԰ϣԳҲĵָĴ֮
磬ɱﲻܹȫƾҪ˽ÿǿ㡭
ÿһ仰ţȻһսȥںϣоԼնɱԽԽӦ֣м֮࣬һŽҲڴ
ıʱǵǰֻŽֻȫһȴƫƫһǡ
һһֻ
תͷ˵ݺݵصͷڸղſһɲǣĵĿ־˳ݺݵصͷеĿ־ǿѹ˫ֽ˽޸һͷȥ
ûֱӳȥ˵ͷϢϳֻ֪ǿеĿ־ѹȥҲһֽ
䡭
ֻͬʱ˹ȥڳҰоͿĺһͣ򲻿ͬʱֻŽġѹסԼתܵĳ嶯Ҳһֻӭȥ
ӰͬһһδԹȴǳꡣݺݵһȭͷϣͼֻͷȻ顣
ֳһ˿ĽǸϽΪһֻѾǰ
һ˹ȡ࣬һսûһ֮¾˾Ҳò˶٣ȫ·硣
ȡ࣬һƨʬϣ°򤿴
ԽԽ֧㿪ָ̼˾񣬿ʼһƣҲֻһ㣬ѹ£һԪĵúܿ죬Ȼųָ㣬ֺܿ첻֧
ҡҡͷͻȻˣһӵǰɳһţ߷˳ȥ廹ڿУһԴͱˡ
һƨڵϣɥصͷļн
Ȼ̧ͷģ
ġصͷе㻹Ҫĥ
Ļ䣬ɫһ䣬һֱͷŵľУһǧֻ񱼶һŽ׺۷żֻŽҲһЩ߽׺Ͱ˽׵
ôˣ
˳ϱɫɿʵո꣬һӴӵΪǰ˱ƵľȻܹжϳд߱
磬̻ȥɣ국˵
أĵʵ
ңŵЦҺʵĻᡣ
ϵɫֻ˲ƽų˵꣬ҵʵȻܵͣȴûԼͬߵϰߣ
ͷһۣȴȻǺϣ㲻Ҫң
ͷãȻ㲻뿪ԼСģ
ûǿиߣΪЩﻹûзڳıҲԸġ
ҪһͬҪ֪ıİȫ֪ܹ־¼Լıģóһ˿̾
䡭
ҲԽԽڰѾӰӰ´µӰ

һ仰ȻԭʧˣһǵһοٶȺ
䡭
ڿӰѾȺУ˫ȭŴ󿪴ϣÿһȭÿһŶɱһֱԶѪڣ޲ž޸ȥͳ겢ս
֪Լʵôȥ˵ǰ꣬Ϊ׸ֻסԼĳ嶯һ˲˲ԶΰӰ
ͻȻ䣬ҰпӰӿ˹ͬʱںڰĿд˳ֻ߽׵֣
ͨͨ
ֻΧ׼ؽΧм䡣һֱѪڣĽ꾹Ȼɾֻ߽׵ԶԶ͵Լĸǰɾ˳һۣһ޸ֻ
ЩԶʵ׺ЩǿԶһˣҲȥֻ׺Χų
⵹Ǳһ˼֮ǰָļɣһߺֻֻ߽ǲʮӵʱ䣬㽫ֻ߽նɱѾսֻܹͬʱֻ߽û뵽˼ɣ˷˵ӵȻʮնɱֻվֻʬм䣬޸ŭ
顭
ŭڿռصֻ߽Χ̽ʼֻ
󣬳ӹ߽ԽԽ࣬һԾȻӹʮֻڽʮֻɱ֮ռѾžӰһʬ塣


430 
ȥɣ국ؿ
ǣ磡ӵ
ͣס˽Ųͷվų꣬д𾴡ͷûȥԼĳƺתͷųȥ
˵ʲôԴɳֱӣĿ͸¶֮ɫԸȣͲɳ
Ͻ۷ߣٴüᶨ˵

죬Դ³һֽӿɳϣĿл͸¶һ˿ɣ˵ģ
ǣҲǣ
ô˵Դɵ
׿ʵģ׿˵ġǺҪȥɱﺻʵոͻƵľ磬ұһȥˡ
Ľ֮Դüëͣضţ˼˵һУһж˵ЩͻȻ
СɫҲüΪࣺ˵һչصǾŸ˳֮ҲϽߡ
ʲôԴ۾Ȼɴһ̫Ԥˣԭûаѳ˷ǵ֪ǺܿЩ˶ٽʵҲֻ΢һ¶ѡֻҪԼҪӦûʲô⣬ϾǾˡ
ǣȴǲͬˡϽ۷壬оŸϽศȫԼһˡʱͲǾ˵ݺһЩ򵥵ܹˡһͶ˼ˣǽ־͸ӵԤϡǵҪϴˡ
ͷʹЩ˾Ǵʲôطðģ
㻹֪ʲôԴʹԼ侲
ףǲˡ
ţԴϵɫˣѵҪԼһ
ǣǺܿͻ뿪ǰǣһǳȥִһģɣҪؾǡ
ȷ
ȷų꣡صͷ
Դɫɻ˵ôͻȻһߣԭǾɳȥִСӡ˵ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷԴԳЦһµҲǣô֪
ĬһֵȺúдǰɣǶ֮ǳԶٷ
ţͷ
Դֿһ۵СͳദĻ᲻᳣У
֪
ʱÿųȥɱӵڶҲһѾƷһ󱳰
һӦֻ߽ѾﵽһӦʮֻ˽ս١
ǻص˾Ƶ֮󣬷ʯ壬ͯսأ·˹ԪҲˣȻŸ˵ʵҲﵽϽ𣬲ֻǳ۷壬Ͻ۷塣
ֻǶСûгأӱƺҲûгأΪûƵꡣ
һ˵磬ȥɱľͲֹǳˣǼʯˡ
˸Ͻɱĳо𺳡ΪоͷųɱкܶǵɱѾˣеЩбԳȰ˸˵ʱͬȺһ㣬˸ȴͬͻ
ȵӱҲؼɱ֮кŮӵı뺷Ҳһ𾪲ѡ
겻û͸ܵҩǴͷҩǣ̫࣬ҳʮĵϳ֮⣬ҩ
˵ڶʱڲҩ
Ϊеǵһ·ϣѾЩҩ䷽оˣҩҪʮֲҩʮֲҩʮĵϸҲҲУҲڽϵĿѧһѰҵƷ⽫һĹ̡
ʮֲҩڳȴС˵ҲֻгܹƳҩҳҲ·Ѱһᣬ뵽ƳһҩоνҩһƷһƷһĳɹҩһϣ񾳽ҩ
ȻҲľޣǾĿռ仹̫СܹɹƳҩĲҲܶࡣԳͲ޶ҩȥЩƷҩ̫˷ˣֻоҩŻȴضЩҩ
һһЩİƷҩֻô࣬һù˾Ͳˡ
£Լ£ǲκʹҩģҲκ֪
ȷ˵һҩ᲻Դ
Դ֪ҩЧ֮󣬻סԼĵ̰ķ
ǺΣյ飬겻ܽԼΣյλá
ʵһֱǳìܣ֪ص˾֮ҪԾҪδõĵϣ
Щϳһֱ͸һΪһҵʵܱһ˵ʵǿһܹܿһὫҩƷоʵҲõɿҲֻܹȥЩϣڽȥڵµӰпЩ˿־
һΪ֣購ҲһϣԼܲˣҲ޷ܡ
ìܵԼҪҪ͸һЩҩʵ굹ǲں͸һЩҩ˶ʮ䣬ָÿһ֮ʣ°䣬͸һȥоûʲôˣ˼ɵǹЩҩ᲻Լеҩ
Լ˳ҩҲţԼеҩǸʱ»ὫԼƵһʮֲλá
ҩЩֲû̹


431 ͳһ
һֱų꣬һֱСأҲûľ
ʽϲͳĸĸһﵽУߣСҪȶǿһЩҲᣬȻͻƵ˴Уڡ㽫ڸĸĹҲڸ˶СϣԺܹͨٴεõͻơ
Դڵ֪ȫ֮귢롣ͬʱҲǵĸ룬ĴƵٿһᡣ
óͬ£ǾǾɳȥִҲ˳ȥԴԼ˵ΪƣþڽǵĵλȹһЩ
һû˿ĵִĩɲСС֣ܹõĻǹҵ
ҵнУԳͷ⡣رǵ֪˳Щ˼ϽʵرǳѾﵽϽ۷壬ֻһͿ˴󽫼֮˭жδ
һϽ۷壬һִֻĶӳɵҲܹ³ھĵλ
Щ˾Ϊ˵һ䡰ִͬʱʵҲҪƲãóڽ˳ȻĵλΪ׷Ķ
ֻǳʱȴȣܹƲ⵽Լһ˵ԴѾͨĳַ㱨˾Ǿ
Ǿ˵ˣֻҪһԼ־̻֪Լ˭֪Լһȥִʲô
Ҳ˵Լһ˵ǳ׵ر¶ˣҪĵǱؾǣļƻвͨˡ
Ҳ˵Լʱˣ
Բؽǳ⡣һΪ֪˳һʵǿ߲ڽǶһΪύһʵ߶ˡ
ص˾Ƶ꣬еټԼķ䣬ԼĸĸС֪еȡһҲȫûԼĵģԼ뷨˵ԼҪ˵뷨
ʵЩ˵УĸĸСʹû뵽飬֮һ̶ɫֳ˵֮ɫ
ȴǸͲȥЩе뷨ܼ򵥣ҪԼʲôԼ͸ʲôȥ룬ҲԸȥ롣
ʯȴѾ뵽飬ǶǾľӢϼѣǻҲͬϼ֮ˣֻǳһֱûкǵҲͬһ㣬ʼûľһɳĬ
ʱѾ˾ջ׼͸Ͼǹϵ⣬һܹ˽ǣҩȴֻ׼ʮܡľоĲٸ
ʯͬ⣬ͻŴһ뾩ǡʯ˲ͬ⣬ôḺذʯ͵˾ǵĸ֮󣬴Լ뿪뾩ǡ
ȻĸʱԼĸĸС뾩ǡѸĸͶСھѰһȫĵطһ֮
ܳƣҶԥľյǿȿ˵ӳҺͻûʲôϵֻͶӳйϵûлع֮ǰȫӶӳģ
·˹ԪҲ׷׵ͷʾԼͿصһ¡ķʯ־ԼһʵѾͣȥ϶ǰȫġ
ֻʣʯ壬ͯսӱĸ˻ûг̧ͷˣп꣬˵ӳģ
ͷûĿˡͯսһµӳ羭Ҫ㱨ϼϾǵ񡣡
ǵȻɴصͷһԵʯӱҲæͷ
ͯսɫЩԥȴüᶨҲӦý
ΪӦˣͬɴ˵
شĸɴ࣬ͯսһʣµҩˡҲ֪ΰźãɶӳɣôģҾȥ
Ҳǣ
Ҳǣ
ʯӱҲһͷ΢΢üͷӵеҩ˶áǽеľƻ㱨Ǿ֮󣬾һ̵ʱںȡϵһͻ֪һСǣȴ뽫ЩҩֻҪʮҩоԣδƲԤϡ
ʯͯս˽һҲύģ
ֻĻҪ;Щͻ
ӳһԵӱ˵;˳ͻǾͲ뿪ǣƾǵʵѡһǳؽأΪһɲݺӵ
ӳʯɫһµλȥҪܲȡĻᣬûлᣬԺ͸ˡ
Բ𣬶ӳͯսֳǸһֱǼδԡ
ףֹסͯսĻĿתӱҲǵļעҩɣ
ǣ˵ӱ϶ֳ˷֮ɫ
ҵİְǴУҵУӱ˵
ҵİ趼УҲ˵
ǵģĿɨ˵ԭľŸؽ뾩ǡǴɣңӱļȲҪ뾩ǡ
ǡʯɫһΣգǵӦûʲôȫĵط
֪ͷҲߣһ£Ӧܹҵһ԰ȫĵط
ҿ


432 
ͯս˵ӳ㲻ܹķɽڵصȰѲǴӵص͵͵ͽڣھȻٹؽ뾩ǡ
룬Ҳһȫİ취ͷҲã
ڶ졣
һԴȽʵ£һ뿪˽žǵķȥ
Ǿ뾩ԭͲԶҴҲʻŽ͸ǵĳǿɲǸոմʵϽߡԣ·ʱ򣬲ӡǸɾؽɵ
ǡ
һɭϵĻУߴͷһĩսٵʱ̣ʮԪ˧ҲҲֻʣ߸Ԫ˧ߡ
ǾסﲻΪ˾ʲôҴ£Ϊһˡꡣ
ˣĿǰڽǣ˵
ţмΪһۣǻĿǰƿǿ˶ˣ
˵ʮˡ
ǿɫһ˵˶Ѿˣ
Ӧǣ˵
Ĭһ£ǿ˵ǻúðһ°ɡ̽鵽ʲôй֮
ǣͷǰӽǴϢ˵ƺϽߡ
ʲô
ηڵļ˵ɫˣһĿ˸˼ʲô죬ǿ˵ѵʲô
Ӧǵģص
ٴžһͷ˵˧Ҿڳ˵ﾩ̰֮ǿǰܶӦڳˣӦҡ
˧˵Щ˲ãҴķѵ״̬ˣٰѸеһԹ˵һѡ
˵аĿͷ˧ͯ˧Ķʯͯսڳ귵صĶС
˧ͯ˧۾һ˧ɫһǿɫҲ΢ı仯ǿӵҪȷܳõʲôǶڳģҪҵķСǣǿչõĶѾ֮ǰĹȫšûչҲûֹϵκζ
ˡ
ڻлˣһǿһ
˧ֲõĶǽľ
ǿ¶һ˿ǵЦݵģֻ
ͷĶ»ӵеĶ
Ҳǿ˵˧ҵĸѾ䡣ͲǣǲζûҰġɽѾкܶʹͶУһ˺ѾԽ˹ҡ
˼ǡĿһ
ǿ̾Ϣһ˵ȻЩϼһһֱŬȴһֱûͻƵϣǲǰѳ굱ͻϣ𣿶ҲֻжʮѾϽˣ˵ܹͻƵ񾳽硣
ǡľƣ³δܹԸǵĿơǵ˵
ǺǡǿЦ뷨ԭǴģߵĴڣЩͶ첻˺ԭӵⵯ㾹Ȼȥ
ǡ
ǿ˰ֵ˧뷨Σա֮ǰڳʮСʱͿʼṩԴΪ˽ܹһͶʡ
ͻͲͬڳΪĹкûһ˿һĹϵԻͶҲû˿꣬һжΪǻңǰǻҲһ潻ÿνǸ̫ࡣ
ڳĳɳǿͶʣ֮ǰǾһֱôġԺǻһһһΪͻΪǵĺ̨һһЩ˵飬һְæȻΪάֹϵҪһֱδṩҪһУͻ֮ҲҪˡ
һͲŻǲǺͻ֮ԼҲһҵӡһܱһѹţﻹһң
ǡ꽫ǻһ㡭
ҲܱһֱһҪǿö࣬໥ܻ֮кܶԼкô
޼ҡ
ף˵Ǻܴܿžܻصǣ˧Ķ޸ռ˵
һܿΪܡ˧˵ô̵ʱʹһУһϽ
ʲôѾϽˣ޸ĿŸס
ǵģ˧صصͷ
޸ڵһףһҪŪ֡ҲųΪķ
޸յĿг˿Ⱥ̰˧޸յĻ֮Ҳֳ̰Ŀ⡣
ҡ
Ҫˣʯ˵
ǣҾ˵ѾϽˡ˧˵ȻĿԼĴӽΡ
εɫһ䣬ðŻָƽŸ˵Ҫδλܵܣû
˧˰ֵȳȥɣҺĸл˵
ǣףƽվȥ߳⣬һƽȻ
ͯҡ
սˣ
ģͯսĸͩشվ
ǣͯ˧˵ѾΪϽߡ
ͩϵɫǼڵ߶ţȻͣתͷԼɷͯ磬֮ǰΪսѾˣδλøսĵܵܣ񡭡


433 
ͯ˧Ҳüͷ֮ǰһֱڰԭоͺܿࡣΪսѾˣߵǰ̨ҲŬʵѾУ۷壬ҰѼ彻ҲþʱѼ֮λٽܲˣ
ǡô죿ͩɫҲǶҵĶӰ
ͯ˧üͷúܽҲûа취飬ҪչҪһǿߡսϽߣҺܻܹܿüڷɵܣֻίˣ
ʱĳھһ֮ڡĸĸĸĸӱĸĸɡ
ɣǵĸĸͽչˣӱ֣ص˵
ģֻҪڣ尢ǾͲ¡
ߣ
ͺһǰ˾űɽŵȥܿǵǰͳһڣȥȻǳĸĸȻĸĸӱĸĸ
ڵһУسһڣ˳ȻصҲ׷˳
֮󣬳˵ɣˡҹ档
ǣӳ
ɵӦȻų길ĸ˻ӻ֣ŴѸٵʧںҹ֮Сһ˵ض֮УȻ㿴˵ضݣһ·ߣһ·صȥͲᱻã֮ڡ
ಡ
֮⣬ӵض˳ȻԴ˵߰ɣ
û˵ҵﶼЩšʯͯսǱصǣΪļҡʱҲϣܹھǣϾȫĵطһˣŸĸŹ˼ɡ
ֻһˣҲѡĴˣѡһǳؽһΣջܴ󣬳ѱ֤ĸİȫ
οʶԼʵʵرǿ˵Ӱ񣬸оԼʵһԣĿǰѡ񶨾ӾǶǶԸĸ˵һõѡ

곤³һʱ뾩Χķ´ѾסȾŸ˴ʱ󱳶һ󱳰ϿǹװһЩըһЩʳһЩҩıڻ֣購ǵỤеһU̡ȻϳѾһݡ
ڱһװʮҩҲװʮҩʯͯսҲ⡣
ÿ˵õһҩÿڿװŶ֧ҩʯĵҲʮ֧ǴʱҲֻóʮ֧ҩҲ֪̫顣
ʵڴԪռס󱳰ʱ򣬳Ѿ֪ǶڼҲһ֤֡ǲҪ֪ӵдԪռ䡣
ȻᷴôϣֻǱܣԼܹסܡ
һоŸߵ˴ŵĸǰŴŵƣÿ˵׶յſڵѲ뾩ǵˡϾ֮սֻҪ࣬ǾͶѡ
Ȼⲻζžɱˣÿ춼ᴦһЩˡӿ˾ǣʵѾڳ״̬
ĩʳĶȱƻµɥʧʹڷǳػңҲֻǿѹ
꣡
Ȼǵǰ洫̧ͷǰȥһߴЦ
ڵƹ¿ˣ̡žһһ˹ӣ
ǵ˵ǹصظһ֮Ц˵꣬˧ԭҪǵģֲ֪Ծˣ
ллЩǻŻսѣ
Աһã¶ʯˡͳһڰĽ󣬶һṩսԱϢȻԿǲİһ֮һӵߣ˧ǴʱӦѾõϢڵأ
˸һžʻȥǵĺ棬Ǹոսŵͨ˶ų˵ıӰ˾ʲôݣȻһӭӡ
Цݲûóղ˵Ƕڵųˣǡͱһˡ߳ζǵĹʮֵӡ
Щάƽȴһֱʱս׼˭֪᲻ͻȻ˳׽ǣ
һ·ϿĶĩյĳ棬·ϵ˺ܶ࣬Ƕľһûʹ࣬ûл֣еֻľ
ͻȻǰһͬܳһڵˣƺץʲô׷ˣ׷ǸӽߵڵϣһٱᣬȻеĶߣǸڵϵһһģ֪ܻܲȥ
꽫忿ӱϣֳѾľˣʮµûг֮ǰֻҽһֱڡͬǣµϣûг֮ǰҲɻľ
ǡ
ϣ
ԺֻеЩӰ񡭡
ԼСʱҵʱ䣬ӿһɭϵĴš꿴һۣ֪ǻģһйǴ﷢
һֱʻһС¥ǰų³ŶС¥ȥһֱϵ㣬ͣһȴǰ
Ŵȥڴŵվˣɨȥ˵ʵȻн˳ȥ֪һ㻹崦ڣеһھȻǴ۷ʵ
ջ˾վʱѾرϣȻ洫һϵ


434 ߾ͷ
һԵҲǹ£Ȼִӱнըȡ˳һһԣȻ±˱ٲȥ
һֻ첲סȥ·ס˽ŲȥҲǸסԼȥ·һָָֻı
ҡҡͷҲûֻǽĿ
꣬Ȱѱ£˵
ҡҡͷЩҪ
ΪѵǸҲֻҡҡͷֽĿ˳꣬Ҳֻ΢΢ҡҡͷ
Цһ£ų˵Եȡ
ͷȻ˽ȥûȥǸǸҲûп꣬˵϶ʮֵƽ·ԷͲһ㡣
ֻǹ˲ʮУžͱһ˳һ۳˵
ٲŴȥǸûľżһվ
߽˴ţһʮ־޴ĻΧ߸ˣʱȴڳ˽֮󣬴ӳ˵뿪߳˴šǸ󽫴ʱҲߵһλ£ǰűʣƺ¼ӡѾϡ
Ŀɨˣǰ߸˾ӦĿǰĻ߾ͷû뵽߾ͷһ֣һ¼ԱλǵĹǳӡ
׳꣡
ʯ壡
ͯս
أ
·˹

Ԫ
ӱ

ִ
˸ով֮мǿе˵°ɣǵѾܾˣ
лл׳
Ÿһξ񣬳ʱҲٿھͽһ¡ʯҲڳԱ
˵˵綼ʲô
ǿɫʼࡣԴĩһȫ·硣·ľһǿɵģһҲǶĲ˽ɵġԴʱ߾ͷǳڴǴϢ
꿪ʼǽ뵽翪ʼĵòֲȵȣȻ²һθ˹ȥΪһεľʵԿڡַɵͻɵǿ˵ʱ߾ͷɫƺѹȶ
أ죬ǿʵ
ĩսˣǵսѴ󲿷ֶĩսٵʱʱֻʣʮˡԣǾأ;ȥһЩˣֻǾŸ˷ء
ΪǱࣿ
ҡҡͷ֪ǿҲҿ϶̫࣬Զֻܹȷ˵
ǿͷ߾ͷһĬҲ˧˶ڳĬһ꣬˵ǾŸϽߣ
ǣ˧ɴ˵
˵˵ͻƵĹ𣿡˧Ŀ⾼ųꡣ
ˣһΪǵ̶ãаҲһ˿Цݣְ̽Ĵ󱳰ȡ֣購ǸUȡ˳ŵϵλ׳֣˾תǵϣ
ǿǸ˰֣Ǹ˳ԣǸUһԵĵȥ
ܿ죬һĻϾͳ֣購ϣǸ󽫲ͣûẓ̇ڲϵظıţԼһСʱͣĻϵĻҲ̶
ʱ򣬳ȡһU̷ϵUŵһЩѶϢ

˵ɫһ㶡
ǣͷղЩвѶϢ֣˾׼Ķ֣ٷһ׳ǻ㱨еľƣЩ϶ڷ֮ǰ׼õġ׼뿪еʱ򣬸˾Ƿ˱䣬׼ȡбȨԭǲΪʲôֱƽ˱䣬֪ĩս֮ʱһżͼŵһЩϣ׳ǿ
Ǹ˹Ȼֻص˵ԵĸǰĻϵĻ
߾ͷʱڻϵЩ޴ʱ򣬾ǾþӸλľܸߣҲס𾪵ʧ̬
˺þã߾ͷź໥һۣǿָûӳ˼һ̧Ŀ˳Ǽľޣ
ûУҡͷƲӦǾĵشңԶЩӦĵشǺЩ
ǿüͷһ˼Щ˵סһˣмЩ
ǣͷΪĿǰĿ겻Щ˵ЩݵµЩ̵ļƲ⣬Ҳ︲ģЩ󵨵Ʋһ£ǱߵҲʱʱ̵̿Ϯ
ηڳĬʱˣոӵءҵжоѹһɽоϣãնˣֵܹסϮ
˧̧ͷųʵЩƷҩ
ȫǣ
ҲʧЦݣࡣԭ˧ûʲôӡ󣬵Լʯ˵ʵͣǰʼսԼ˵ʵӡ͸ӵضӣ
ǵʵڵеʱѾÿ˶ҪﵽУ۷ˣ
仰Ȼǻѻ֮ǰѾ˵ܹһЩҩãҲܹöԷ̰֮ĽһЩ߾ͷȥУ֣購Ҳ֪ԼǸʱʵ


435 ˧
ܹ֮ͻƵǸʵΪÿʱÿ̶ıԵǵǱ֮ʵӦҪ鹦ڵҩҲֻܹϽʵ֮ʧȥá
˵ִӱȡһӷϵʮ֧ҩҲҩϸϣҵĿƼԱܹҩտ
ǸһվǸӷŵǿǰǿ򿪺ӿʮ֧ҩȻֽƸ԰׵˧˧꣬Դ˹ȥǸֻصǿС
ǿָû˼ţ߾ͷ֮˴˽񣬳ŸñֱѾ
ǵʵǲǰ߾ͷҲ̡ǾڵżеõʱŸ˵жװֻ࣬ҪһѾ׼õĵͻУԹȻǲ֪˧ʵǼҲֵܹһŻѡ
ʱӵľʯͯսĸ׾ǵĲҪԼĸ׷ͻҲԸһūһؽԼеĶϽһС
ÿ˵жʮĩյУܹĻԼԼվҪһЩơԣŸ񾭱ȴûһٿڡ
ʣµĲֹʮƿɣ˧ջǵһˣĿųꡣ
ûҡͷҲûеͷûõģȵϵ֣購һжȻҳڽҲЩҩĸ£ЩʵͻͽҲЩˡǳҲϣֻǲ
ֲѾ̬ȣһûҩҵ飬޹ءҲύǡ
˧ֳһ˿ŭɫһССϽȻҲشԼ⣬Ȼ˽սƷΪΪϽܹʸһ˧ߵĸǰ̫ˣ֪һϽ˧ߵǰһֻϡ
ϵƶȻɽһųѹ˹βҡһ£漴ͦñֱ
ʱʯȰ˸һŵϣڵϻ˲ڳγһԳΪͷ׶ϵƶȻ˳ͳƺϲһ˧ƺȻӭ˹ȥ
顭
汬ѿµͷ˿ǰγһֽѵĩ赲棬ǿѾװʮ֧ҩĺС
˧ɫʮѿû뵽ǳڷҲںͳַ
ֻǾŸϽΪֵܹһԪ˧ŭ
ˡ
˧Ȼǣͬһһ˽һ˵سųȾŸѹ˹Ϊͷ׵Уٶҡͷ˺顣
˧΢ȴһԵǿֹס̳һ͸˧ĶУǳ껹ûгΪǱ
˧ɫԥһ£տȻ
ʱľѾﵽƷż۷壬൱ߵĴ󽫺۷塣˧ѹʹһֻϣҲȫֵܹǿʼ˧УһҪѪˤڵϣʱȻʯȰ˸Լ˧ȴڲϵǿơ
֮Իܹ֣ΪʱȫڲҪؽԼʶڵľͷ˳ȥǼʹҲֵס˧ӿȵƳ
ߴﵽ˧֮Ѿﵽһµĸ߶ȣһֽںϳһƾļܣ֮ΪСһƷż۷ľͲǶ֡ҸΪصǣΪ˵ֵ˧ƹʶڵľĵ̫ˣǿĶԻòӣʶڵľͻһա
Ǹʱ򣬳㲻ҲΪһֲˡ
굱Ȼܹ鷢̷ֳһƾͨǸ̲ŨӣڵĴųʶӿʶ𺦵ľ
˧ߣȻƾƾͰԼѹûл֮ԼǾߵĻ´ʱѾֲˡ
һ߸̾ţһֳַ繵ͨγһִľͨԼʶ繵ͨӴĴͬһع˳ʶ
ʶʶΡڴʱ˧ӹҲסˣѾͷˣȻ䤱ͷˮճһһ縣ϵ·Ѿʪ͸ҡҡλΣȴҧš
ߣ
˧һȻ˰˳ɣ˲Ѿ˵˳ǰƺһ֮Ѫһ˫Ŀȴض˧ûһ˿֮ɫ
ԭǿѾ׼ֹ˧񣬲ͣаѵ껹
ʱĳȴͬһ㣬ʱȻһܹȫر˧ѹơʱҪȡǹеܡ
Ϊʱ岻ܹǾѾûһ˿󲿷ֵľڽֵ˧ѹʱ³һ˿ʹ̱ĽǳΪһֲˡ
һСֵľʱҲȫڵĴѹƣ͵˼㣬ԴԴϵشͬһӿʶҪϾͨľͨͱʶеǿڹͨľĳﻹ
ʱڳʯҲܣ岻ܹƶֺҲѾѹ˼㡣ţгǰ涥ţǴʱ¶ѾΪֲˡ


436 ˧ĵ
ľӿ˳ʶʶȻ겻ϵͷžעʶľȴĵû࣬Ϊ˧Ѿѹȵ˳壬ľʶǿϵĲľͷŵ÷ǳüѣóʶӵеľﵽ˼㣬ʶͬһһȥмһ£²ӵʱ䣬Դͻᡰ顱һը
ҪþһͨƷ򣬵ǴʱȴȥЩʼԣҡεøҲֵס˧ѹȣķرһǡ
˧ںеļܴ͸˳ʶͬһ֧˳ʶ
ڳʶͻȻһֲͬĶԴԴϵشڳĴľͬԾһ㣬˧ĵгȥҪ
ԭǾԵһʣǵµĹգѾͬ˳ꡣֹ룬Ȼȫ
䡭
ľ˧ĵж̱ӣڳʶڱը
ǲ
ͨƷıˣľҵйڣһѪʶȴһ塣
ˡ
ʶһľƷһ
һǾһ˲ԥط˾Ȼ˧ĵ˳ȥ˧ĵΪ֮һ١˧ɫһ䡣
ղʶڶѻľ̫Ӵˣֻһ˲ͰѳľƷһ۷塣
ϵضϿ˹ͨƷһľӵ˧ĵжײȥ
顭
֮һۿɼС
˧ֻԪ˧ڵߣľѾƷһ۷壬൱˧۷壬Ȼûȶ磬ӲȫܣǺ˧Ѿࡣ˧ֻͷų˳ɵܣһƴȻ˧һΣɫһ԰ס
⡭ôܣ
˧һ˧Ҳؿ˧ķӦͬʱһ˧ʵǶǳ˽⣬Ҷ˧Ѿʹ˰˳ɵĵУû뵽ûռˣȻıҪǱ̫ࡣ
ˡ
һгڳ˧֮䣬˷ָ
ˣ
ǿ˵Ϊ˧۷ǿ׵ؾͰ˧ͳѹȥ໥һۣĿж˳ޡ
ǿѹ£˧ǲʵջ˵У굱ȻҲͲýⳡƴջ˾
ָֻ˼žΧһȦţֻмѾûӣֻеһľм
һ£Լ̫ˣԭΪƾԼеĵǹеԱû⡣û뵽˧ѹȻɥʧˡ
꣬ղź˧ıƴ˧ų꣬ǳȳ꾹ȻϽʵܹԿԪ˧ĵг
˧һһߡ국˵
Ŷ˧۾һѵѾѾ˾磿
ҡҡͷЦôܣҲʮҲΪǾߵԭǰҵĵС˧ǰûûӦĹ
¶˿Ӵľ£װúûʶѣ˧۷ǿҲûʶơ
˧ҡҡͷû
˵ԳһЦߺ;ǷֿģרԪרûȥ߼ˡⷽ波Եĵһˡ
תͷһ˧ǲӦþȥһԪ
˧һ£ͷСһ¡
˵˧Ŀ˳꣬㲻ҪšǻûбӵǸ̶ȡıˣҲӦøı䡣ǰĹѾʺ硣ֻ³̨һַɲǶʱܹɵģѾһʱ䣬¸¾ͻṫõĶģҲȡȡĻҵҲɢˡȻȡȴչǵõĶ͵Ĺһöȡ֣ȻûֻȡӵеĶ
˶гһ˧˵ף
꣬Ϣ죬Ȼ
ǣ׳꣬ʯ壬ͯսӱͦӦǡ
˧Ŀ˿أ·˹Ԫĸ˵кδ㣿
Ԫ˧صĸվǲҪ뻪ľӣֻϣԪ˧ܹھסȵлعʱϣԪ˧ܹǻع
˧һµҲһᰲס¡
ллԪ˧鷳ˣҪͳסһ𡣡
߾ͷ˳һۣĿб⡣˧û˿ԥ̵ͷԣ
裬ȥǰס˧Ǹ˵
ǣ׳
Ǹת˵룡
ٴξ֮󣬸Ǹ˳ȥ
˧˧Ǻǿǿס˧˧һһֱоµķģ·ɵҲǲ˽⣬˵ˡ
ڲǻûа䲼𣿡˧˵
ϣҶס˵鶼ȥˣҪٵ˼ҵǵ
½ȥֻʣ˧˧ˡ˧ɫЩԥջ̲ס˵˧ıֺ⣬ȻҺ˧ӲڽǺѰաҩһ٣ѾϽյµϣЩҩѾûô£ĪҪЩҩֲԼ˵һ£㲻ýһ͡


437 
˧¶һ˿ЦݵûԸôȡóɾͣûеôܱǿܹΪˣЩҩžŰɣֻܹϽҩٶҲޣܹΪһֲۺҲΪˣЩҩ
˵˧վΣ˧ļǿھͰѳɱҡͺܿʧȥһǲǲǻʧҲʧ˧Ҳ˵µϣԻٳǵ飿
ǰ˧Ҳ̾һЩӰѹͽ
ԣҪľͶʣԳͶʡܹڶ̶̵ļ˳ɾͣڵõ֮󣬻Ȼؾǣ֤һˣ֪˵ĩԿЩջҪϵ֮Сʼ˸˵ĺܡͬʱҲ֤һĻµˣЩ͸ңҪҾоҩʵЩ˵µǵҩͲʲôһǻʲô˵ֻоͶʣǷǵ飬ǷԽ࣬ȵΪһ죬㱨ҵҲԽࡣ
˧˵ò˧˵֮ɫ֮Щĵ˵˧
˧һһ˧ڣǺ˧˧˧ĩսٵʱ߲Ļ᣿ܹһЩһһѵ
˱һŸÿ˷һױŸһšʯ˵Ҫչأ
ҲǣʯͷҸղ˧ѹ»ͻƵ˵ʯתǸ˵鷳ҸףҪչأչ֮һ᷵ؼС
ңҲ鷳ҵĸףҲҪչء֮ԼصС
һת潪˧ͯ˧ģȻҪչأҾͲˡģһһΪǻ
ڴ뿪֮󣬳Ŀɨˣ˵֪ڸղź˧ԺĹжõͻƵ
һҲ֣ЩԭѾʵ˻ͻƵżǻھѹǰǱҲõ緢Щ˻ҩӦܹõͻơ
ףǳɹ
ףӳɹ
ϥڴϣűչصҪĿĲҪͻƴ󽫼𣬶ҪȶԼոͻƵľ硣
Ŀھļʣܿͽ˿״̬ոջͻƵʶɱ꽥ָƽͻƵƷһֵõؿһʶе
ʱ䣬ľѾȫȶƷһ۷塣
꽫ͷ˳ȥֳ΢ЦʱľѾַܹԲסʯ״سľ֮Уɨǵ壬֪ǻҪһʱܹͻơ
Ǿ־˵顣˵ǣһ뵽Ʒ磬ܹˡ
ȥˣ
꿴˿ֱȥϴһ裬һ·űȥ
ãһʿ
֪ЩǱΪǻģһ֮žĴȥ߳˴ţǰһǧ֮󣬳꽫ͷ˳ȥǸһ˿Ц˸ߡ
ζȻӿ죬弶ȫչʮʱ˦˸ߡһСʱ֮󣬳վһƬ֮Уǰվɡ
û°ɣʵ
ģĸǶܺã
Ѱ˼һµʮϰ˵㣬档ʱҾͲȥˣⱻ֡
ǣӳģڣĸǲ¡
ã뿪ɣ
ѸʧıӰžȥǲ뿪ƽʱҲкܶ߳ȥɱԳ߳µĴţû˹ע
γҪеһ뿪ţͷɱԼٶ˼¡ܿͱܵһҰչΧûע⣬һѷɽڽŵףγ
տʼʱЩɬڿеӰͣҡΡһСʱ򣬳ѾȫӦУͬһһڿдС
ǰһ޴ĺӰų˻˹һֻŽ׵ֳһ˿˷ܡ
ȱȿ˭죡
ͷһȥֻŽһȻų׷˹
֮ǸŭˣһеİȻ׷һ΢ࡣȻ佫ٶ˼£ٶȼһѾ١

ͷһۼٵȻ٣ڿģĲӰǰȥ
ػذСʱ򣬳Ȼת˷ӭǸ˹ȥǸ겻ˣӭһ˫۾ײУų˻˹ȥ
ಡ
߱ɽͻȻڿУɱȥ
ۡ
ĲǻѪһŴԴ˲ŵȥ޴Ҳ漴ת¡
νʬ䵽˵棬м裬ͽĸпһͽ
ɽźڰĿС˼ţ˧Ѿշˣ֪ǵٶǲǱҿ죬ҵٶܹǡҾֶһݱϡ
ȥǣ
ľһ˳ȥͬʱ׷һǺĽ໡
ܿ죬ԶʹһǺڳľдһӰųɱ󻹸Ӱ


438 
ڽǵʱûаѩǴȥһǰ;δǲ㡣һҲҪĥ˵ѾﵽֻҪǾͲ¡
ܿ죬Ӱͳ嵽˳ĸǰȵôͷų꣬ó꿪ĵعЦ
Щǣտʼʱųǵͺһ֮ЩǾ͹ԹԵض׷ڵϡ
ǡ˫ǵĴͷˣ
ҡβͣͷų֣һģľɨǣȻǵͷĥһʱ䣬ľȫȶˡʱڸҽǣҸעҩʵʼ
ǵβҡøˣϵɫҲӵͺ񡣳ЦһĴͷװȣ
ദһ֮󣬽ߡžǵķɱȥ
ص˱֮󣬳һαչء׼ͻƴ󽫼뵱ڽܹͻƣֻΪ˺ʵŵȵڡ
ȡһƿҩ£ȻַһƬ֮Ļꡣתǳʼǳ֮ת졭
֮
ӱչ˳ͻƵ󽫳۷塣и֮࣬Ҳ֪ԺͻƲ֮ǰô١ҩı仯Ѿ֧ͻͽźҩͲ֮ҲҪ
ųѾ࣬ҲЩճϴһ裬ֻһˬ·źҩͲ֮ãǲö
ϣѰ˼ԼĿǰ״
ԭ߾߲ͬ˧ҲźܴĲͬԼߵʯǴͨʮ֮⣬߶ֻǴͨʮЩ˧Ҳˡ
ֲԽֵԽǿҡһٳĵҪȴͨʮٵĵ̫ࡣע˳ıͳ־Ҫࡣ
ֱڱϵľǳܹԽսĳԿ϶ԼֻǴ󽫳۷壬˧֮²ж֣ʵ˧֮µһˡ
ֻǲ֪Ƿܹս˧ߡ
֮ǰԲȥս˧ߵ飬ΪֻҪ˧ߵĵѹʧȥжĿܡ
ͬˣľѾͻƵƷһ۷壬൱˧۷塣ӵľδȶʱֻ˲Էͽ˧幥һξܹóǸʱĳѹѾ˧ڵ˧
ѾȶƷһ۷ľ磬ڳ꿴ѹ˧ѾĶ֣˧۷ҲܹѹƵһֻܹһЩӰ졣
㹻ˣ
ֻܹڽŵǹеҪɱľǻʼŻʼࡣһװлʼǹеͷųԲֻлʼô򵥣ǹеܻѻʼķŴ
һǹȥ㲻ܹ˵˧ߣȴû⣬Ҫǹȥ¾˧ҲܵˡҪǼʮǹأ
ųЦݡ
ҳڽ滹ֻǹеһ£ԼľΪ൱ߵ˧۷塣Ǿ߲ܹģԼԾսĻʵ൱˧ߣҪ߳һЩοԶ빥͵Ϯûֶʹ¾˧Ҳͷʹ
о۳ԷʶȻըɫ͵Ϯ
ֹѾó˧ߵʱȫ̫ࡣ
˵һ棬УٶѾ١ⷽҲûжٵΪ˧ҲУҲֻǲ֪˧߷еٶΣ
ٶȲԼôԼɾڲ֮ˣ
ҸԼ˧֮ٶ˭찡
ҡҡͷ꽫·¡ʯǷѾͻơ˳ȥŸ˽ȥ
ţ
ڳľУأ·˹ԪӱʱѾͻϣеڴϣеϣеվ̨ϡʱǶѾͻƵϽ۷塣
ȴˣһʯ壬һͯս
ѵѾؼˣ
ľѸٵ˳ȥܿ˷Բס
˧ͯ˧ҲסڸۼŻ߲㡣ֻǾסСͱ߾ͷסĶլԺ
ܿڳľоͷʯͯսˣʱʯںĸ׽˧鷿֮СͯսǺһȺڴڡڳʶ
սջع壬δλþٽ㡣ԭΪѾ磬û뵽㲻ˣһˣֻ֪ѾϽˣ֪ϽеʲôΣ
Ͻ۷壡ͯս΢Ц˵
ۡһƬͯ˧ҲͷžϲĹâ
겻ȥͯսģͯսʯ嶼Ǹոջصͯ˧Ѿδλûͯսǳ㽫ע鷿ڵʯͽ˧ϡ
鷿ڣһһ𣬵߾ͷʱ򣬳˵úܼ򵥣ʱ˧ʵúϸ
ʯ彲֮鷿˼ž˧΢΢ͷƺ˼ʲôʯ¶ϣŽ˧ĳĬʯĿеϣʧҲû¶Ŀ⣬ѾֻҪԼʧȥδλãͻ壬ӽͽڳ
̾һѾ˧ûнδ֮λʯ˼ʱʯһʯǲҵļԼδҲδؾͱȽҵļ


439 
֣ʯվлһ˿ϣЩʵ̧ͷŽ˧

ʯ忪ڣ˧Ҳ׼ĬȥˣΪһ֮ΪȻǹ֮ˡһ˿Ǹ⣬Ϳˡ
СͱΪδļλӲܹ
ǡʯһ˿ޣͳȥʱǸʱȻֻ꣬ȥȴؼǵ˵δ֮λֻʱ硣ұֵñȴڣͻѼ֮λҡ
Щ꣬һ档ȻҲһЩԴЩԴʮ֮һ
ûзûԹޣʼռǵð뿪Ǿ仰ҵʵһֱû´֡ȻʹõԴҵʮ
ѾϽ۷ˣǴȴֻһٽڡ˵Ļѵ𣿡
ûǣ˧˵鷢˱仯
ʲô仯
˧⽫Ů޸磬˵˧һ£ֳһ˿ɬҲӦ֪ԭĻ߾ͷûǽң޼ҺͯҡֻΪĩսٵʱ˧ڵľͷ˧ڵ˲߾ͷλӡұϾҪʣµĸͷ壬ֻܹ⡣ͯڳһģ޼ȴǽ˵ʱλã޼һŮ޸𣿡
֣ʯ岻ѾϽ۷壬ͻƵ˧ǽֺα顣
˧ʯ壬һҧҪṩҩҲԺܿͻƵϽ
ʯɫһͣɫǺѪû뵽ԼĸײٵԼ׶ʱµŵԣҪԼѵҩ͸硣
ʵҩ͸ҲûʲôЩҩҪ͸𣿵ڸַʽܹܣһʱ֮ô
˵ʯܲˣǳҲܲˡھ˽˧Ļ֮󣬳жӿһŭ
ʱ뷨ıˣԭʯ弴ʹܹΪҵļԼҲδؾͲһõѡ
ڳ겻ôˡʯһ·ֵͬܣԼ˾ʱʯǺԥؾɱ˽ĺֵܼȻƿؼԸʵٲֻʯԼ£Ǿ˽ˡ
˲ڱݶ֮ϣչȻԼˡ̽Լ˵ʶ֮ڡ껹ˡֻ˻˹ȥȻһɽڽŵ֮£αУŽ˧ļзȥ
ֻǲеʱ䣬Ѿڽ˧С¥Ͽգʮ߸εؼС¥ڱ㶼˹ȥ
ಡ
룬ֻ˲վ˽˧鷿⡣ʱڳľУС¥ڵļﶼ˾ţһŮڴϣֳӦʯĸס
һ䷿һ׿ʯˣӦʯĴ磬ķﻹмˣÿ˵϶ʮأʹˣҲţû죬ֻżһ۷ŵķ
վڷǰ֪ʱܹţᾪڵˡ͸ţŰһű㱻򿪣鷿ڵĽ˧ʯһ֮ʣѾؽŹϡ
ӳʯ𾪵شվЩ֪ųꡣ
㣡˧ͬ𾪵ų꣬е𾪱ʯ廹ҪҡҪ֪С¥ʮߴڰڣôϢ˽
ҡڵߵʯǰʯļȻ˽˧Ķ档żɽ˵Ҿʯʺҵδ
˧ɫһ㶣׳ô֪ǸӶ£ǣʱҪҪǳҪǽҵ飬ǲܹܵġ˧ɫһ˵꣬㵨ӲС֪ں˭˵֪˵ʲô𣿡
ҵȻ֪˹ضǰϵĲ豭غһڣ΢΢ҡҡͷеˣ
˧ɫһ̶ͣŭ𡣻ûһǰ˷ϵƲͷ˳ȵҪǼ飿
ؽ豭£ŶĽ˧˵˧ҪŪЩûеˣǶûã
˧ɫһ㶣漴͸оԼѹȷʵû˿ãвһ˿֮ǰ˧ʱǹʾ
豭ĬĬغȣ˧ɫ任˼£ȻʧЦ꣬㾿Ŷٵƣǽҵ飬ֵܹġ鲻Ͳƽˣɣ
̧ͷͬȻʧЦҲֲã˧ܹ֣
˧β֣
Ů޸ĴӣʹĴӷϼ֮λⲻ֣ʯֵͬܣûгΪҼ˼Ҳᡣ˼Ҿһ֡
˧Ĭһ֪µģ
Һʯһ·ͬȻûк˵οԣҷؼҵʱҾ͸ˡ
굱Ȼ˵Լӵо磬һ˵ȥ˧жһ
û뵽Ǳеʵﵽ˾磬ҵЩأ
ֻǻ˹ȥ국˵
꣡˧侲ѷֵܣҺܸˡǷζҵĶӣҲƫĸʵǱǿǣϰѵҩζãζܿҲ׷ϷʵһϷռơǣζΪδļܹõ˧Ľˣһ˧߽ˣҪԲ˵˰ɡԣǷơûѡ񡣡
ѡ񣡡һһٵ˵˧ʯ壡ң


440 ս˧
㣿˧Թһ˿Ц
ͬûп˧һ˿Цһ㣬ڵ˵˧Ѿʮ˰ɣֻжʮꡣ
˧ǵļ󣺡˼˵ȵ㵽ʮʱʵһ˧ǿ𣿡
ҡҡͷǣҵ˼ҵʵͱǿ
ʲô˧üëһ¶֮ɫƽû˼Ц֮ɫǱء
ųſڿӣԼѣԼֻҪһԾܹԳ
ڵʵͳ˧ôҲζųԼܹΪĵڰ˴ͷ˵ᣬδǰ;ҲܹΪڡ
˵ϼλѵѡ񡣴ӳɫͽжϿɳǷǳӺͷֵܸ֮顣ڳʵ̫ǿԼȫİΪһ죬һõ޴Ļر
ҪΪҵ峤ǷԷͳĹϵҺܻܿһԾΪ塣
ǡ
ӵк˧һʵ𣿽˧ĿЩԾԾԣҪ̽һ³֡
ɫȻǿһеĲ豭˧˵˧Ӧĳɣ֣
˧ɫһ꾹ȻҪԼ֣֤ӵкԼսʵ˲ҲЦݵ꣬˵ʵҶҲʮֺ档һʮ˧ߣҺʶһ¡
ҲǴûк˧߽֣ж˧Ҳܺ档Ҳ¶Цݡ
һԵʯų꣬еѾԸӣѵѾк˧߿ʱˣ
ã
˧ߵ鷿һ䣬Ȼȡһңһ£Ǹֳһšһһֻܹһ˵ĵݡ
˧˽ȥŹϣһз˻šٲ˽ȥоһֱ³аҲͣ߳˵ţһ޴Ŀռ䣬жƽҡ
ľͷſ̷ռĵǽڶúϽ죬쳣
ڡ
ʱѾվ룬Ÿմӵ߳ĳꡣɫҲ࣬һһŽ˧ȥ
˧ɫ΢䣬ܹоÿһϵƱһ֡˧Ҳһ֮ˣó꽫Ƶӵ£
顭
˧һ壬αų˹ȥһֱȭͷ˿ڳмٵطŴ

úã
ûжҲҪԼһٵĵӵеıﵽһʲô̶ȣ
̧̤ǰ벽ȭݺݵػڵԪȻ˳ͨһڳȭͷϡ
顭
һ˧˼ͬȴǵ˳ȥȻײǽϣ
˧ɫһ㶣Ҫ˵ʲôȴһ
ͬڵһش˽˧˧ɫһаѵǸղųҲԼ˳ɣųȭͷײ˹ȥ
ںͽ˧ĵһײ֮ʱ֪̾ԼϺ˧߻ž롣һȭҲûóˣоͶ϶ƾԼߵʵҲ൱˧ڵʵ
ٺͽ˧֣ѾóǱȻһ죬˧˿ȴĵص߲
ý˧۾һһȭɣڶȭȴֻܹ߲д󶯣ǰһ

ȴֺͣý˧ɫһͣ˳ꡣаѵͣɲ߱˧Ტ۵ʸ񡣡
˧ȭҳ㡣Աаɡ
˧ɫһ㶣Ļˡֻ˵ȭŵϲû˵ȭŲǳֲȭ似ҪнѵϵͱԼǿ
ǽ˧ҲҪ꾿ҪʲôһӾӵ˱ܵĸǰȡһų
Цһ˧׼ҿҪˣ
˧һԼ껹һٶףҪνԼ
Ȼ˳껹һߣǾһΣϾߵҲǾż˧ǰͬһ㡣
ջǽطȥĽŲų˵ͷ
ಡ
һɽŵż˧ЦһǱɽ˹ȥǣǱɽһã˽˧ʺ˹ȥ
˧ĽŲһͶǱɽͬʱȻһų˹ȥʮԸ־߾ͱԼֻаľ档
ಡ
һɽǰ˧ĽŲٴһͬʱҲųһαƽ
ಡ
⻬űɽ˧Χм䡣ʹŽ˧ò˱ƽٶȡűɽٶȺֵķΧѾܹý˧ֳܿƺܹԤгԼһжԼһ˼ԼҪжķϳһɽϬն˹
˧аԲԼϤ־żҪǿ̫ࡣѵžĺ
Ǿһ£ҲûʲôġΪƾűֵܹȻܹ㣬Ǿǿг嵽ĸǰ
˧˲ƣһ·ɣԼڽ֮£ˮò
֮󣬽˧һһų˹ȥ


441 

űɽͬ籩һؼ˧Ƕ˧еĽĻڵ˻ȥǽ˧Ȼűϵعķɽֵ˻ȥȴ˲Ρ
űɽԼãֻҪһԼͱԶԶɡֻҪ˲ԼͿԽűɽӿл䣬Ȼһ̾ͻᵽǰǸʱǳ֮ʱ
ǣƳԤϡǾűɽÿһײо˳صѾʵ¡ȻͣǰҲٶһη
ѵľѾǿ˳̶ȣ
ʱҲԼʵߵݣԼӦ൱˧ڵʵ߻Ըһ㣬ȴԲ˧ߵĶ֡
ǣԼþĻȴǼһ˧൱Ҳ˶١ο⻹Լߵʵ
ಡ
űɽȻɣ˧ɫһ
ǡ
һܼ죬űɽڿкϳһѴ󽣣ȻŽ˧նȥ
˧ɫһܹоǱ󽣵ܡ̽Լ˧ڵȫ˼˫ֵ֮УǿмնĴնȥ
ˡ
һִĽâӽ˧б˳ȥжܡ𣬿ռȻ𵴡
ǣǿеĴȴǸǵĽââͬһƥһδмչ˧ĸǰ
˧֪Լܹ㣬Լٿ죬Ҳ첻ɽΨӲһ·ߡҲܲҪԳһкε
˫սǰ벽һо޽ſеǰѴ˹ȥ
ݵһʯ˳ĿɿڴǰһС
䡭
ѽײһ𣬳ĴϿշ˧ĵͷƿ֮˧Ȼ̧ͷǰѴն
˧ڵһ̤˫սɸڵԪػ˫֮е֮ϣȻһն˳ȥ
䡭
ν˧ĺ˵ĸ࣬˰˲֮࣬һ亹Ӷͷ䣬ǱѾͣ˿Уͷһ硣
˧ɫȻû뵽ԼĻڳ¡֮ǰǣʹǳҲԼƽ֣Ͼ̫ˡǽȴ˳¡
ҲֻȻһ˲ָ֤ʵҳᣬкܴĿܳΪ˽ˣڽž޴ĸôʱѾԼĴӣʯδ֮λ
ѵһƨڵϣһߣųֵ꣬
һеǱ󽣷ֽɾűСಡս磬΢Цߵ˽˧ĸǰʱʯҲ˳Աߡ
˧ĿһЦ˵꣬дԪռ䣿
ͷУʯҲСؽ˧ĵλҲӦаɣ
˧ͷаǴӵżеõĶ١ⶼС£ȻʯҲУ֤ûпԼĶӣԼĶӹϵȷʵǳá
꣬ϵʵƺһЩӦ˧ڰɣ
΢΢ҡͷֻǴ󽫳۷塣
ʲô˧𾪵ų꣬죬Ųŵųôܣ
ûʲôܣҲ˧˽ңҺʯһֱһ˽ҡսӵʱܹԽս˵⡣
˧Ŀʯ壬ʯ̵ͷ˧˼˵ԽսԵżģ
ܹ꣬Ϊҽ𣿡˵仰֮󣬽˧ֳǸͲ˵ˣ֪ð
ǺǡЦ˧񲻽ܹԽսʯҲܹԽս
ţ˧ɫһ㶣ɽĿٴʯ塣
ʯͷ֣ΪҵڴͨʮֻǴͨʮ
˻һ˧ɫͱˡΪһ˧Ȼ֪ͨһζʲôοʯĻֹһ
㡭
ͻȻ𺳣Ϊ˧ߵĽ˧ҲЩͰ͡һۺܡڴͨʮɲǽζԽսô򵥣Ϊ˧뵽ҪȳǶ˺ܶࡣ
˧ţͨʮľҪȴͨʮͻ࣬ΪһҪֻͨʮʵ˺ܶ࣬γɵԪҲࡣ˧ãԼܹͨʮľԼпͻΪ
˧ɫʯ֪к֪ͨʮܣµЩҩԭҪã˵֣ܹ֮ͨʮΪ˵ҩԭ򡣡
˧Ͼһϲ˼˵ֻҪ˵ҩܹͨʮ
Ŀǰʯ˵ΪһЩҩø׽ڵľͨʮ
ããã˧˷ܵãͻȻһ٣Ŀ˳꣬ĿгʡΪղų˵ˣδõż֮ǰܹԽսȻΪע˵ҩűˡ
국һЦ˧Ӧ֪ҾǸͻҩɣ
֪˧ɫͻȻһ䣬г𾪣㡭˵Ĺˣ
ǣͷҴʼһֱڸŹӻʼξʱҲˣǵ񽫼ҲڲϵŹ


442 ѡ
㡭˵ξʱѾڵľͨʮ
ǣͷȻ߽˧ڴͨĲʮһ
㡭㲻ţֱǡ
˧ŹĿų꣬ȴ˲ξˡǰСӾʲôﰡһڽͻƵ񾳽磬ܹ֡ͻƵ񾳽ǲŻ֡
˧ˣɫֵúǫ顣
˧һ۵ͲҪǫˣ廹һ⣬ȻҲԲش𡣡
ʣ
˧ԾˣȻҲʶȤزٳƺԷΪ˧һԵʯҲ¶˾ϲʱѾ϶׻Ѽλøɸм˳ꡣ
ľ
ͷΪұܡ
˧̵ͷʮֻϲʲô˼ܶԳʮҪҪܹ֤ڳʮҪ˵ʯڳʮҪ
ֿһʯ壬и̾Լ˴ˣܹѣܹΪֵܡ
塭ɶħʱͻ졭Ǹʱһ֪ԼܹҼս֮ǰ͸ķԡ
񻪹͵Ů
Щɬصͷǣ
һԵʯĿĽŮ˭֪һƷŮ
ǽ˧ɫȴ࣬ĿԥûʳԼеĻ꣬񡭡
ЦڰĽʱҺһ棬ҪҼ뻪ңҾܾˣ
˧üëһ룬Ƕô˵밡˧ΪԼڳôʱ룬ǲܾģǳȴܾˡ
Ҫ־
ӴҲ˳־ж֮£ҪΪ񲢼ĴڡǣȻ˴־ôڻֻʲô̬ȣ
ʱҪʳ꣬־òÿڡѾݣǿԺԼƽƽ˧ݡ
˧ݡȻʵǴ󽫵ݣľʵȷʵ۲۵˧ʵһǲ˧ʵ
ԥط룬һĵ⡣
꣬ľ˳̶ȣ
ȻǸݻҵϴ³ģ국˵
˧ҡҡͷʱѾ֪۳ˡˡҲҲʵۡʱ˧Ѿ¶Ľδ֮λʯ塣ضʯ˵Ӵ˿ͻع壬Ϊδ֮λҲ㡣
лл֣ʯ弤˵
Ȼ˽δ֮λʯ壬Ӧý壬˧ȻҪѳڽҵսϣ˳꣬ϣܹͳҽ꣡
ǵȻصͷҺͽֵܡ
ãȻ˵ȻˣҲдˣڻߴԪ˧ߣ˧˧˧˧˧ͯ˧ҡ˧˧˧˧ԭ߾ͷ֮һ˧˧˧۷塣˧˧˧۷塣ңͯ˧˧ֻ˧ڣ߾ͷʵ͵ġҰѷƵ˼λϣƱػᱩ¶ʵֻб¶ʵҶԼ˲˵ǣһʵ¶Ʊر¶ܶܡľ˶˧죬ᴦһʮΣյλá㲻ƽףҿ÷ߣҵļ֮λ
ʱѾѾ׼Ц壬һ̡
˵
֪˧߶ɣ֪ǵٶǲǳ٣
٣˧ʧЦôܣ˵ң˧۷˧˧еٶҲܳ١ֻ񻪹͵ٶȲܹ١
Ǿûˣ꿪ĵЦ̶ȣҲܹɣҵٶȳ١ҪԸҵ˶ҪǺˡǲܹסң׷ңˣٻʱ򣬾ʱ̡
˵͸¶â˧ȴ֮ϲһԵĽҲ𾪵ųʵӳʲôʱɵģô֪
ոջģǸʱǻڱչأЦ
ĹҪ˧ڸһЩܵٶȴǱ˧۷廹Ҫ졣˧ɫԽ˵ԽһҾͷˣ
ʵҾá΢΢üͷ˼˵еٶȲܡӵٶȾܹһֱͶԷ롣һ룬˧˧ҲܹвȴԹǡʵҾѾڲ֮ء
˧һĴȡ
ҲΪ˧˧ҳ֡˼˵
Ϊʲô˧üëһЩԾųꡣ
ʵʱ˧ҵңҺ͹ǩһЭ顣ΪҲǹΪӢôġЩˣΪӢǲôĸģھõ˧Ӧǡҵ
ν˧ɫıˣȫ֮ɫ֪ɿʵܹ꣬Э˵𣿡
ȻԣҲûʲôɱܵġ
䣬ͽЭ˵˽˧˧֮̾˵˧˧հԶСʱͿ㡣꣬ЭԲӢõģӢûôĸ˧˧ǸʱͿͻƵǱ


443 
˵˧˧ǲԸˣʵ漰Լδİȫ⣬겻ò档
Ҿǲᣡԭ֣Ϊʲô˧᲻ҪЩҩ뿪֮˧һ䡣ԭļƻ
ҵļƻɫһ䡣
˧Ц꣬㻹̫ˣЩ벻ҲýţǵļƻܹƲûк
ǡһʲôƻ
򵥵˵ǶͶʣǷ顣Ϊ֮󣬲ܹ񻪹˵ڹ֮ϡ
ҲܹʧȥңȫΪ˹ҰοҲ˹ңüͷҿϴڵǹ棬Ƿϼͷ档
˵Ĳ˧ͷģǲңҲûǸȥƿһҪ֪ǸʱѾˣںǡҪľƽȣ֮ƽȡһп̸񻪹ȫǷ
Ŷˣͷ⵹ǿԽܡҲһ֮ˡڰҵˣȻһݻر
㣬ԷϾܹһ֮ˡ˵˧ָ˵㣬ң˧˧ܹͬˣԺǵĻȨһЩ
ͯңͯһδ֮λͯսͯһվһ𡣡ҲЦ˵
̫ˣ˧ơ
ˣ塣ѵֻ߸˧ߣǱ߾û˧ߣ
Ȼǣ˧Ÿ˵Ȼ߸˧ָǻҵǱ߻˧ߡ˵Ƿ
ԭ˼صͷ
꣬Ȼ˵иҪ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫҽǳ˧˵
ʰɣ
Ȣ˻ͻ͡
΢΢üͷ˰죬ҡҡͷҵԭ򣬼ʹǻҲܹҡȻҲܹҡ
Ҳֻˣ˧Ц
꿴һ۽˧ʹûлҲܱȥΪУʼҵԭ򡣡
˵Ҳǣˣ˧Ǹųꡣ꣬˵ʱ˵ӵ˧ڵʵ˧ڵʵһ˵Ѿ˧ˣ˵
Ǿ˧ڰɣһµǱһЩ
ãô˵ˣ

ͯͯսδ֮λͯҴϯ߾ͷ;ϲϯᣬҲȻϯᡣУͯսźͳ굥һʱ򣬺ޱرʾͯԸͳˣҸ߳꣬ͯ˧Ҫ档
ȴͯ˧ͳһγϵʱ˲һ·̸Цһ㣬ͯ˧ĿԲǿģһƽ֮ı顣
ȵɢȥͯ˧ͯսӵ鷿еʱͯ˧ضͯս˵սһҪĲ
֣֪
㲻֪ͯ˧ͯսĿ⸴ӣҲǳĶ֣
桭ģ
ֹһ졣
ΪδڴմϯǸһξһϣ˧ͯ˧ͳ겻ʱһСȦ̸Ц˧˧Ҳ˽
˧˧ɫЩ⣬˧ɫ͸ӵѿ
˧Ҳһ£ǾΪ˴˹ؼϣҽŸÿһ֡
֮󣬾ָֻƽڳıֶһȺˣǳĸĸСӱҲ˽ӵԼı
˿ʼ뿪ǳȥȶ磬ոͻƵ󽫳۷壬壬صҲոͻϽ۷壬ЩӹμˣѾһЩʱ䡣ԣĵڶ죬Щ˾뿪˾ǳȥɱ
ɣ꣬ӱļ˶˱ǿ˵ͻƣһҲѡ˱չء
ҲֻɺͳʹҩͨչأΪҩѾûáӱͨûֹڸˡѰҵĹڸˡ
飬һھ֮ĿҰնɱһȺڲͬķǱ˹ΧǱĿȺɱĳȾŸˡ
ȺɱĽ壬ҧгݵص˵ܰܣһֱҵΪҳһúô㡣û뵽㾹Ȼһҵļ֮λǾԹôˣ
ߵһȺǱȴͯ˧ĶͯȺɱͯսгɱתͷԵһ󽫺۷˵壬һǽɱ⣬ƣʱǾͳȥһ
ߵһȺǱУһ󽫺۷˵һɱЩ֮ǾͳȥҪȥֻܳ꣬ȥɱˡ˧Գɱꡣ
˧ΪʲôԳôӣɱ˧Զ֣һ󽫺۷ʵ
˧һ˧ĵ¾ˣ
ʱڷɿţɱúǾˣͨ⼸ɱǵľѾȶֻҪɱǾͻʱȶж
ûз·Ǳߣ⼸յɱΪ˳磬һֱߵɱ
СʱڳŸ˵ΧҲû˻ŵֻǧʬ塣˺ƣȴܸǡΪǵľѾȫʵʱһʬȥ׼ȡࡣ


444 շ
ϣεȵʮӰų˹ȥſԭأȡһܴڣ˽塣
ϣͯȵʮӰų˹ȥͯſԭȡһܴڣͯս
ϣ˧ǸͷͺһӰ˳ˡ
ɱ˲侯˲ͷų磬ӱ߷ʮ߸ˣ󽫺۷壬ڣʮϽڡ
ʮӰ󽫺۷壬ڣһ󽫳ڣʮϽڡ
űӰȻȫǴ󽫼ߣ󽫺۷壬ĸ󽫺ڡ
塭ͯսԼһߣ˸ɱͯսɫоѾȻ
ͯսദôã˽ͯսڼıϵ֣кܶʱڳƻʱ򣬶ҪͯսͯսıԣôῴĳЩ˵ı
壡һԵĽȴЩ𾪵غֻ𾪵Ҳûж١Ȼıϲͯսͯսͬ
ͯսԭͯҵδֻǻԼĶûȴشӽεаδ֮λ˹вûзֻЩȻѡʱȷʵƣ͵ʱ
ֻͨͯսѾ֪˷ֱͯҺͽң˵ĿĲɱͯսͽ壬ǰԼˡΪǲ»ڣԼ˽ȥ
ֻһ·˻ʲô
ĿǾŸˣȻһԼھûĳУŸӦ˧ġ
ĿһɨͯҺͽҸߣһ˿Ϊ˧ŹǣԼе˶ᱻ˧ɱԲϢй¶ȥ
˧Ϊ˵õԼϵܣ˧һѾˣֻǲ֪
ľٴţ˲﷽ԲľпŴſڵϵͯͽΣͬʱҲڸ߸ߵĿУһƬ֮󿴵˧
֪˧û͸¶ԼǾߵܣֻǺļ߲˵Լһ˧ߣ˲֪Լľߵ£ԼͻȻϮ׽ڱƽԼЩնɱµ˾͸⡣
ǡ
һԼܾͻᱻص˧֣˵˧ͻߡɲ鷢͵ϮԼĻᡣ
ȻˣҪɱԼͲٻŻȥ
ԣ˧֮ǰԲܹ¶ԼǾߵܡҲûֱӷɵȥնɱ˧һҪýȰ˸˶ߣȻܹԽսǻûܹս󽫺۷ĳ̶ȡ
ʱ򣬽ҲΧ˳Χ
ӳô죿
ϷǸȱڳȥߣ
굱ķ˳ȥҲ󡣽ܵ˵ӳΪʲôǶɱˣ
ǰӳеǹеɱǲ⡣ص˸ɱ
Уһһߵ˵˧棬ǲҪ̧ͷ
˧棿
жһҲǳǣǶһ̧ͷȥص˵жһʹӵеǹеǱϾûҲ֪Ƿ˧ɱ
ӳð˧һɵõĻᰡȴ֪ʵ̲סѹ˵
֪һѵĻᣬǵðһϿУһɣô죿
ٶȲǱ𣿡ɵ˵
ӳɣص˶۾һĿ⾼ųꡣ
ǺԶģڷһɵ˲ߣûа׷ѹ˵ԱȰ
ôͯսüͷǲõǹеӳ㲻þǸͲǺЩ˵Ķ֡˧Ǿˡ
ӳǿ׷ˡæͷһۣ¶˵֮ɫ
û£ǰ治Զһߵأȥ֮ǹǡ
ͯս΢΢һüͷǹҲܹϽһ˺ǶԴûʲôôҲֹܹһǣӻһǵĽŲ
ǹֹôھѻǡ
ͯս˵̷Ȼܹд󽫣˧߶ܹһ˺ڳľѻˮƽǿǼΣû˿ĵġ
ˣκͯҲں棬дŴڡ
ͯսͽɫһɻͷȥֻǱӰ㿣ĸǽΣĸͯ
£
Ȼͺһͬʱȥ붼룬̶װӣڷӳѾγϰߣϰǱ
顭
ڵŴȵĴ׵ӽͯսͷ˹ȥ
ߣ
ǰ˳ȥصҲ
Σҧͺ
ͯͯսͬҧͺ
߸ߵĿУ˧Ϸţŵͬɥ֮ȮĳŸˣԹһ˿Ц
ҵҪǳ꾿û˧ߵʵʹ˧ߵʵҲڣδҪҳ֡Ǻǡ
˧ĿɨЩ׷ǵߣЦЩ˵ǰҵæǽɱ֮һɱΪлģǺǡ
ಡ
˵˸ߵأ׷ѾһסŸѸٵԵڸߵϣһȡǹȴȡ˴ڡ


445 ɱ
ա
֧šǹ棬֯һƬ˸ǹֶǳˮ׼ÿһǹ׷۾ȥһЩҲòͣ˽ŲܣѰء
е˧۾һڵżеõ˲ٶȻÿ˶дԪռ䣡
顭
һڵĺһ󽫵ĶͷƷˣҡһ£˵ڵϡ
һǹߵ֮µһϵĺëһ󽫾ȻһǹУеһʧȥˣǴڵԶͯͽҲһû뵽ǱҲдڣϿĽŲͣ
֪ԼҪ죬Ҫ˧֮ǰ󲿷ִ󽫼ߡһľӳȥʣµľŸ󽫣һľڴڵڿڣıÿһŴ׵ڿеĹ켣
顭
ؿ۶һſŴ׵ХںڰĿмٻɫʣֻӵʱ䣬˶ʮ߿Ŵ׵ÿŴ׵һÿ󽫵üģŴ׵ÿƶĽǶȡ
ڡ
еĴڵһŴ׵еĴڵڶŴ׵еĴڵŴ׵ûһŴ׵ӳȥֻӾͻ˾Ÿ󽫺۷壬ʣµĸ󽫺ڣڣһ󽫳ںͶʮĸϽɫһ±ò԰ףҲĿŵŸߵسȥһѸٵضһʯĺ档
е˧ɫһ䣬ǧҲû뵽ľѻˮƽ˵ĸߡȻڼ֮ھͽеĴ󽫺۷ɵ˲ˣֻҪгǼܴڣߵЩ˾ͱȥ
˧ܹΪ˧ߣǱǹ֮ˣֻһ˲ξʹӿ·ȥŸߵϵĳ긩ȥ
0.3ӵʱ任˵УŴڵںڰĿһ
顭
ֻǹȥ˲ӣüųŴ׵˧һֻѾӿгųͷͷһ׶࣬Ǹ͵ľѾԵĽͯսƷɡ
ʱĳûʱջؾ˧භһɣھŵȥ˫һŵأɸڵ˲ȭ֮ϣǱȭͷըһʽٻԭ˧ĴӲ˳ȥ
䡭
һ޺˧ڿеϷȥȴǺݺݵͬ׮һش˵Ѿĩʡ
ۡ
ƺߣĸ󽫺ںӦأߵ׷˵ֻʣĸڣһ󽫳ںͶʮĸϽڡ
е˧۾ó죬ľŸȫµһҪŸߵʵ
꣬˧ųٴ˻
ಡ
űɽͬſͻȻ˿е˧˧֪Ǿߣȴûаһ£Բ뵽ľ޷֪ĳ̶ȡ
һѽˣǷɽԲ˼ٶȳʱڸо˲һм˶ԳĽԼʩչ˼ޣһԽضžűɽͬʱһһնС
ߡ
һƺߣͻֻ֮Ƕȥɽıɽ˿ڣرеһɽʺӹʺпһ˿ͲһҪ˲ɢ
ܾˣ
ڿռص˧͸ߵµЩ𾪵ҰУδӵ˿С
ڳҽ¸ԲһɽűɽΧų壬Χ
㡭˧𾪵ųꡣ
ȴû˼棬һűɽɵ˿Уڳͷϡǡ۳һѴ󽣣Ŷ˧ͷն˹ȥ
˧˲ʧ״̬оѣ˫սԼеſмնµĴӲ˹ȥ
䡭
һͬлײ󽣺սȥ漴ǰѴ󽣾ٴ˧նȥ
䡭
һһڿвϵײõϵ˿Ŀɿڴǽˣ׷ɱЩˣվֱſȥ
˧֮Ŀдս˵ž޴
ʱڿУ˧ǱԴ·硣ǲҪ嵽ĸǰһնɱֳڿеٶȾȻ죬Ǻž룬ܹСһ˿һ
˧Թؿ˳һۣ֪Լǳ׵ˣûɱ꣬ʧ˾Ÿ¡
ֻԹȴûк¡

·磬ǳҲ͵նɱʵٶûг죬ԱߵֵӣֻҪӻ˾ǣ˧ǲóɱġ
뵽ಡһ˧ξžǵķȥӹһ˿ӵ𣿡
ηɿ˧׷ȥͬʱжһǹǵǹе氲װһŻʼϵࡣ
ۡ
һȵĻ˺ڰա˲佫˧棬γһ

˧ҽһڿзš
ˡ
һ˧˹ȥ
ۡ
ǸзĻŴ󽣵նֳ룬ӿе䡭
ಡ
ϵЩ׷ɱ˵ڷӦ˹һг˾塣û뵽һ˧ߣû뵽˧ᱻɱ
ʱֻ޵ȣûžǵķȥ
ಡ
ǵͷ
ಡ
űɽʻ䣬ͬ׹ػ˾ŸߵʺŸȻءʱ򽪷Ҳ׷ÿ˶ó˵ǹеóĿǳǹ̸Զ


446 
ۡ
ǹе߱գе߱˱е߱һϬؽɫи֧顭
֮£ЩֻϽû˿ĿҪǴûмеЩȫʧȥ˿֮ģһ˵ϴǽȴû˿ͣ٣Щһɱ
ಡ
δԶ˹һֻһˣŵȻе˷ֱͯսͽ˹ȥ
ͨͨ
ˤ˵ϣ̧ͷͯͽΡ˴ʱһңΧĳŸˣ߶µ˵
üëһʣ˵ҵ˾ҲӢۣҪǽҶ
䣬ֱӿ۶˰һǹȼգκڵϷš
硭ͯͯսĿг

ͯս̾һָ˰һɫĹ˳ͯ˲һ
ܿ˿ֳˣȻؼҡ
ͯսֿһ۶ɱͯս̾ϢһڱһãǱͱһء
Ȼ󼸸װϵ˾Ϳʼ棬еʬ嶼ճ˻ҽص˵ɱֳֿʼȡ֮࣬Ǿ뾩Ѿʮ
ͻȻе˶վס˽Ų𾪵̧ͷʮľǷֻһ貵ĹӾǵͬҹһⶴȻͼǸĶһƬӣ䡭
أͬˮĻһγһ彫档Ǹֽʧȥ˹âʧĹȴɴڣҫͬĩ֮ǰİ硣
ʲô𾪵ʵ
Ĺ³һ˵Ӧǹһֱоķְɣ
ʯͯսͬʱͷ
꽫Ŀת˿صҲӦÿоɣѾоˡ˵ЩӣǾлؼˡ
Ըˣ¶˿ĵЦ
ϣıϣӱһһ
δأصҡҡͷее־޴ַδܹסǡ
ԣе˶Ĭ˦˦ͷѾֲֿ֪ڣһоϣЩֲ֮ǰǹܹƳ㹻Ĺܹ֡һڵĻء
ǰǻʱ䣡ʯһ
߰ɣڵľѾΪһֵĺҲȥףһ£þûôˡ
ԣȥףŸ˽Ѿžǵķȥ
幫һֱǰĳȻű顱µİ˸ҲҰпռƺһƬƬͬϵĲһ㣬Ȼ󽥽ػָƽ
ͨͨ
ˤڵϣ漴Ÿ˾ǰĿռ䷢ͷųܿ͸оԼľһϣȻ͸˹ȥջ˾̧ͷԶǵаѵֲǽֵ֣˾幫֮⣿
̧֣ȻǰȥȻһĤʹƣȻƲ
ջֱۣȻڵ۷壬ǰǲĤȥǱڷըѡ
顭
ǰֳһƬ˼ֳϲ֮ɫֹȻ򵥡
ಡ
űɽڳǰ۳һ󽣣ǰĿռݺݵնȥ
䡭
һ޾죬ľѾ൱˧ڣҪǿһЩǻҲֻǵһƬȻʧ
ããã꿪ĵشЦ
ҲĵشЦһĻءͻȻ𣺡ǡôȥ
˾һ㶣ͯս˼˵ָոɣҿ»ڵ֮Сȫ֮󣬻ĸͨġеõˣ
ͷһܹ飬Ǿͼȥɱȥ
º
Ÿٴγڷǰڳ߻һ޴ѩǣϵϢѾﵽ۷塣
γ꽫ǴһþǵЩ֪ԼһѩǣԺ鷳һ׼ȥͻƵʼ
ȻʱѾ˽ͨͨʿأܹʱرͨһЩ˽
뵽֮ͨڣһ·žȥķ֮ھͬһ޴Ľأĩ֮һοʼؽÿһ˵Ȼƣһ˫˫۾ȴľ¶δϣ
˻ص˾Ȼ໥ɢԻصԵļҡոϴһ裬һ·׼úϢһ£
ţվһˣʶǽ˧ĻĿӶԷļȥ˧һڳ꣬·ȥᡣ
ͷҲûʿʲôᣬصױ˽˧ĳǰ˽ȥ
꣬ҼС˵˧ɵˣһ˧͵ʵ
ţɱңҾͰɱˣˣ鲻ȫ֪˰ɣ
ᣬ˧˧Ƕ֪ҾҲܹµ㡣˧Це˵
ô᣿ֲ֪ҵʵ
̫С˧˧ˣ˧ЦҺͼ˵˧ڣѾ˳ȥ˧˧ԲΪ˧ڡ˧㣬Щ߲㶼֪ԴӸ潲ɱ˧


447 ߲
ˣԼ߲˵ôʹ˳ȥ֤Ǽڹ
˧ЦڹҲɱòˣ
ɱģûϵ̷ϵ
㡭ˡ˧ҡҡͷǽЩҵģȷʵûϵ
ţͣŽ˧ӳŵոյﾩǵʱǶС¥ȥһ㣬Ǹ䣬뵽֮Ѿ˺ܶˡ
˧ѾϣԱǸ󽫵μ¼ԱڷǰһĻĻǱվż۾ˣһʾǿѧҡ
˧ų£꿴ԼλӾȻ˧ƽƽб̾һǱ˧˵׼ˣ˧˧Ѿ϶Լʵ򲻻ԼƽƽһҲ϶˧Լɱġ
ʱ˧Ǽѧһ˻ֵʼɣ
һͷ̴˴Ļһûżһ߽šˣڽֵ飬Ҳ˾
һСʱ
Ŀǰǵоɹǻ᲻ֵַΧǼһʱڽΪԾΪĽе½ض档Ǹʱǻ󲿷ڷֵı֮£ǻؽˣ
ҵҲĹơһʶһҵһ񻪹ܹһСˣȫ࣬˵ʵ޷ȵġ
ǡǸѧҵֳָ֮ɫҿЩȻûֱ۵ؼʶǵǻԿ϶ǵķǵǰһֽһ㡣
仰ûڵ˶žղɵʱ·𷿼Ŀ˵ͷѹ˹
ǻ᲻ϵоȡ֮ǰǵķֻܹЩʱһЩ
ллǣ˧վ˵ΪĹףȫ඼ǡ
䣬ǼѧؾһǼԪ˧ҲվǼѧһ
ڿѧ뿪֮󣬷ֻʣ˰˸ˣ˧֮⣬ͻгǸμ¼ԱĴ󽫡
꣡˧˳ţĿ˳꣺˧Ѿһ²ټݻ㱨˵ڶʮǰ뿪˾ǣӴ֮ҲûлҲѾɱˡ
˵˧ϻ¶һ˿ʹڳ˧Ҳǳϵ¶˱ʹ֮ɫоһ֣˧ǲ׼׷Լˡһ룬˧־Ҳʮ
ԭͲǳȥ˧˧ȥǳꡣҪһȥ˧һŵ˧Ҫ
Ѱ˼ţȴ˧һڻ𣺡꣬˵Ѿ˧ˣ
ûҡͷѾˣ˧Ҫȥ˧λӡǣ겻ҪôϾԼʵǲǿܹһʱһʱ䣬ܹһֱԼľźãɱܹͻȻ
ԼʵֻǴ󽫳۷壬ֻս൱˧ڡʵӲǽ߾ͷĲΣܵһԼ飬ǶԼδżƻҡͷֻǴ󽫳۷壬˧ڻкԶһξ롣
ţ˧ѯʵĿ˽˧˧˵Һͳ꽻֣ȷʵ󽫳۷壬սȴ൱˧ڡ
Ŷ˧һµҲܹһ˧ˣɣ˧λӣԺͽ㡣
ãͷҡ˹ĵûǸʱ䣬һž콫ʵ˧ǵҵʵشﵽ˧֮˵ɣ
˧˳̬꣬ʮֵؼбЩʧֻҪܹ˧λӣǾܹѳ˩ڹҵսϡû뵽ܾ˼ѵҪΪڶͣ
꣬Ȼ֣Ǿ͵Ϊ˧˵顣ԭǾˣھӦûɣ
û⣡̵ͷ
ãǾǵĵҰսͽˣӽǵҰս˾
Уˬصͷ֪鵽زܹܾ
Ӧ˧¶Цݵؽ顣
˵ɫĴ¡ŵ˵ĸܹؽͻδռݾصλӡ
Ҫоһ¹һҵ⣡˧˵ԴĩһԭĻϵͳѾȫʱʹõĻҲֻߡ߱Ͼؽ֮󣬻дͨˣƲʺǣҪһոµĻϵͳòԱѾоһ׷ǿ
ǸվһݷϷŵÿ˵ǰóǷһҳһҳطţϣĵϼһﻹǹݵġ
ۺǰĻȫϳԭжǮȫ㡣³̨һͻңҡ
Ҹֻһ¶ۣԲ˽̧ۻ߽ۡҪĻ۸Ҳ˳ݼ۸ڵһλĻǸʬ塣βչ࣬ʬȫչȻȼͬ۸ͬЩΪʲôʼչԭҪʬʱ˧ооĹǣƤһװǵʳĩ֮ʳ⣬ҪܹЩڳȡһάֵַҪԴԣԺҪ󲿷־չЩϡ


448 
һʱѾȥĸСʱһֱûзԣֻǾţ˧ʣҲ΢Цҡҡͷ֪Щ治Լĳ׾ֻ֪ӵеĻֶһһٵıʶһɻҾͿˣҲ˵ĳѾӵһٶڻҵĸ̡
ڻʱ˧ЦŶԴ˵ԱѾоһȽװʮ׼ٿһᣬĶҷ֮ˣʱ򲻷ȥʵľ
۾һ˵һϢ뻻һ׷£ֻûѰʵġװӦø߼һЩɡ
ص˼꽫أ·˹ԪɣӱеԼķ䡣ʯͯսѾ˼ס
ǽԵݺ֮󣬲ЦŶӱ˵ӱ诣ʲô㣿
ģ˵
ӱ΢˼һµȻӳǵҰս˾ôǾ͸ھչɣ
ҲãͷȥҰսԺȫȨҰսĸˣʲô˵һ㱨
ǣӳӱų꾴һ
£ȻĿɨ˿أ·˹Ԫ˵ʲô㣿
ȻһӳԸģǳƽû˿ķӦأ·˹Ԫĸ˶һۣԪȿ˵ӳͺ˵ˣҲϷˣԺ͸ˡ˵Ҹʲô͸ʲô
΢΢ͷĿ˿أ·˹˵ͬʱ¶һ˿ɬؿڵӳ֮ǰҲ˵ܹعǰһжġ
ãҾͲˣ
֮䲻ڿӳʲôԸֱ˵ɣ
ͷɫࣺǶڻľƶѾ˽⣬ҪɡһǹҵδܾõʱڻһֱǿڶһЩǵǹҶҲɵ֡˵ĿǰСҲҵһδȴ˲ȷԡпձҺͼϷ֣Ҳпڽȡ޼ΪڶȡҳΪһ
˵ͣص˼ʱ䡣ؼû˼Ϳ˵ӳ˼Ǽˣ
ҡͷʮֵػңֻһɢˣ֮ŸִС֯ͬŴĽһ㡣ҲûΪ֯໥֮䶼ڵ״Ǽȿ˵˵ĴڣҲ˵û˵Ĵڣҡҵ˼Ǽһ֯ھδܹãҾڹҡҲҲ뽫ΪԼھ֮⽨һȫԼ
ˣ
صһͷӳ˵ʲôɣ
ǲʲô˶еģҪһߡҪоһƶȣҲǹֹƶȺͳͷƶȡĿǰҾֻ뵽Щоһ¡
һȱģߵͱ׼ڡͳͷƶҲгʮ
ƷҪǳϵĵҩϻкܶ࣬ÿ˷һ֮󣬳˰䡣ҪõҩͱøʬȡȻҪȡҩҪʬ塣˶ţҩߵǾ޴ģûκһܹܾջ󣬶ҾĿǰ״ҩǳһҶС
ȻҲŵЩʱṩһҩЩҩƷҪڵҩЧʱͿԽҩֳɼȣȻĵȼϾҩ٣Ҫս
ʵڵĳЩǲܹƳߵȼҩѾƷҩʦٸһʱ䣬ܹĵҩоڵʯµҩʵ̫ǿˣΪֹкܶҩ޷Ƴ粻Ե磬ܿԵڶ磬һ硣
ǣǲȥȥ˯ÿʮĸСʱҩܹƳ٣Ž֯޷Ӧô޷ṩҩƱػӰ֯ķչ
ҡҡͷʱҲûа취ڲ̾յߣֻһһˡ
󣬴ҿʼ֯һ֣һ˵Ҷ¸ǣʲô»ᣬţ˵ȸ߶˴һЩ˵Ŀ˵ó겻ַЩĶǿⷽ˶⣬Ҳˡ
ǳһ
ǵĿľͽи硣
糤Ȼǳ꣬ǳҪֳھԸճҪһ糤ڻ磬Ϊ˵ɱŲɺӵƣվĿ֮Ϊĸ糤أ·˹ԪΪĴϡ
·˹˲ͬ˵ǳһ£ҲҪθ糤Ľͣϲ
׼ڽع֮󣬷ֱӢͰ޽磬Ҫ糤λá
굱Ȼ̸ܾı·˹ҲΪ˸糤һԵĿԥһµӳ֪Ըּ塣һصһҪһ¼峤λáϾѾϽ۷壬ڼѾһʵ˵ȵܹعʱ˵ҵʵǿҳΪ帻ֵļҽȥĳְλҵļ͸ͬˡҲܹΪּ峤ôҽ壬磬Ǹʱϣӳһ糤λӡ


449 
صĻ䣬¥´˳길׵СսСˣ
ĸãͯս¥´
ãã길ˬʵСǶ¥ϣȥɣ
ܿ죬žͱƿͯս˽״һ㶵ʲô£
кŽͯս£Ȼ󽫽˵һ¡ͯսͽһ۵ѾǼδ峤ټ븴磬ǿȷǵļһǸͬˡȻ񻹲Ǽǵĸһͬ⡣
ã
˵صͷ
Ŷӳĸ罨һᰲŸ׺Ͷӳ̸֮¡Ҳ˵˵
ţʱҲ͸˵ɴӳͺͽҸһ̸ͺˡ
ã
˽ҺͯҵĽˣǰ;ӵ͹ڵ˶Ц
ʱ򽪷תſ˵أ㻹ȫȡּλðɣ
̾Ϣһף
֪ףĹѾˣǰˡʵͿȡһСʵۺʵ˵ʵʵһЩжӳ𣿡
ӳش㵵Ž塣
ſصļ۸ôˣҲ㡣δǶӳҵõġ
ţͯսͷδλȻӳûֱӳ֣ҲӰڡ
ص۾Գ˽⣬Ȼ˸磬ĳɾһͣ㲻þδ򼸴֮һųδʵһܹﵽľ磬ʱڴﲻľ磬ﵽ˧۷Ӧû⡣ۿ˳꽫˧ڵ˧նɱ
ԼŸͳ֧֣ȡ峤λӾ˺ܴİաɽϣĿ˳꣺ӳ
ЦأģҪҳжͳ
ллֿ˵ҽܹΪֵļּһǸᶨѡ
˵ʲôأȭͷ˿һ¼ּǸᶨѣôǽҺͯʲô
ǶǸᶨѣ̸Ŀڵ
˻Ц
ӳأųʵ
һµӱȰѾھӣͲҪ븴ˡȻҲҪȫƿصҰսҵ˽ҲҪЩţҪͨⷽҪ鷳ˡ
ǣӳӱӦ
ˣֵҵθ糤ɣ·˹Ϊ糤غԪϡóʮڻΪʽȻóһҩһύһЩȼҩĽͽˡ
Ҳóʮڻң˵
ң
ң

ڳ˶׷Ҫóʮڻҡ΢Ѱ˼һ£ܾⲻһǵѡֻн˲ܹǾøǵļҡʮЩˣԳٴֵɣÿ˳ʮڻҾͿˡЩ컹һᣬЩǮҲùһЩҪװ
˷׷׵ͷ˸Ѿ˶ڻҵʽ
ڶһ硣
ɣأ·˹Ԫ˾뿪˾ȥѰʺϽĵطǴӱŵҰսľӪȥ
ڵҰսľ˳ſվżʮ١֪ǵҰսľٽӵ֪ͨӭԼ
žΪ׵һ󽫾εľų꾴һ׼ľ񣬺˵棡Ұսֻһɾӭ˾
һĿֻԵϡֻԵɫʮ࣬û׽Ҳû䵭һжйоأϾ˵ϰߡ
ǣԵɱƷһľĳ껹شֻԵϸоһ˿⡣
ȥ˵ɣ֮󣬳ƽ˵
ƽֻԵ޵һ˿мкǲꡣ
ԭֻΪҰսľѳҰսľ񡣶Ҳһ󽫺۷ߡҪʵʵҪָӲָӲܣȴͻȻսһʮܵҰս˾ͷϣʮֵزˬ
治֪ôģҰսǻƾӣһʮë˾ⲻڿЦ
յ֮ҲԳһ顣ǵĽǳʧ
һûߣȻ츳ҩͻҲμսӣִ˾һ񣬸ոִ

һûָӹսëͷСӣһʱܹ±ӡʲôʸεҰս˾
ҵ磡
ڵҲ˵˳˧ߵʵȴ֮Աǡ
Ϊ˧ʲô
ܹΪģһֻ˲ʱܹΪģ
һûӵҥԣ
ԣֻԶԳĵʮֵطУر˳󻹸ŮеķоӵŨҡ
Ϊһƾӵ˾ȻεεŮΡ
ʲô
ᣬòŮ˱깫Ȼ˾ӣŮ˻ʲôʵΪǶɵӣ֪ŪŮ˸ʲô
治׾ôһŪʲô
ˣֻҪʵʵģүҲˡǣҪմȾ񣬾ͱҲ
һӪĺѭȥ㿴ѵĹٱפȥһԵֻ˵ҰսֳפطصĹٱѵ˾ҪҪȥ


450 
ͷⶼԼıôӶ
ΧǼʮټͷһж¶һ˿Ц⡣
ľѾչȺеЦһ˿ľСвһҪԼһ
һЦ첻۷Ӿ٣ԺԼͨֻܹܿճΪһӻ
ӹһ˿ЦݣٲžӪȥ߽㿴ٱڽвͬѵ
ееڸܲеڶе໥
ڹٱ˽Ųתͷų˹һֳЦݣºǣӲˣ̵Ļᣬ
䣬һȺٱ͡һ˹ǸЦֻԵָһ£
ֻһЦųǾ˱һˡ
˭ųüëһƵ˭
䣬ֳ˾ϲѵԪ˧ˣ
ȻĴţȫ˳Ĵڡڳıش˼Ц
˵˵ֻԵɫ˾һʶһˡ
˾
δȳ˵Ǹųת˳꣬´ų꣬ȻͻȻָųꡰЦ˵ëͷСӦһ±ӰɣɲܹҿЦ
ֻȵСҪ췴ǲǣλǾոίεĵҰս˾꣬˾Ͻ˾Ǹ
Χ˶һų꣬ȴԲ࣬һɹڿƮ
ųɫͣȻһŹֵų㡭˾
ƽҲҿ϶ųǲֻ԰źõģǲǲֻ԰źõģųǲҵģΪҪĶ
Ҿǵ˾국˵
ܣųԴҡһ˹ģôһ±˾
̲ۡסЦ
ŽųܹЩٱǷشЦ
±ӣͨ죬ǰһȵǶӳǰһ±ӣ
ӳųź׵С椣ӳǸ
۰ΧһĴЦֻԵҲһ˿Цݡ
ʱǸųƺһ裬ЦС椣ҿųǸʲôӳٴˣǰ±ӣ
Ҳ޵عһ˿Цݣ΢΢ƫͷֻԵı
ֻԵϹֳһ˿Ϊѵ˾СӾЩ죬һǸҲ֪ǾӣҳݵĶǿߡ
ǺǡޱءǺǡǾӣֻзӣǿ߲ܹǰɣ
ֻԵ¶ͬıǣ˾߼
дʱȴֿ˻аţҪһųȴŵġųʵҲͣУ۷塣Ȼŵ΢һ㣬ҲųһʮëͷСӻʵϳų
ڲԼŵ£û˿ųľһԸЩˣȷʵһԱͽ˾˳һѿʱ򣬾ҲֻΡ
ɫƽֻɹһ˿޵ЦݣȻͬҵôΪųҰսһǿˣ
ʱֻȻҪͷǴԼĶ⣿˵ֻԲǿߣǿܵлʲôǿ߾Ӧʵʵط
˾һУ۷壬ǵҰսеһԱͽȻǿߣȴҲǿߵݡ
¶ʮźı飬תͷλųȻźҡҡͷҲǿߣƾеǿߣʧ
±ӣ˵ʲôųصüëšһ飺Ҳ³ҽһ£
ָָŽų˵Ҿ˵ĶӳҵĶԱ˵ʵʵǲΪҵĶԱ诣ʲôǿߡ
ǣӳ
ų˵Ļᣬͬһعε˽ųǰ
飡
һ죬ųǴ׳Ӿ͵˳ȥɳȥʮԶصˤڵϡ⻹飬һȥǸųԶҲˡ
ڵһų㱰ɣ͵Ϯ
죡ȻȵΪһҪʱ̴ھ֮Уѵں͵սʱ򣬻ҪǴ͵Ϯ𣿡
ҡųࡣ
ʲôңʵҲܹų˵ǶӳνƾʧҶǳʧ
㡭
ʲô㣬ڸһλᣬٰˣҴȫŸܶȦ
ųɫһ䣬漴͸¶һַս⣬ڵһ壬αͬһ̹һسȭͷͬһغš
ûܣҲͬһȭƽֱػȭͷǱȽųȭͷС˺ö࣬Ǵ򱬿ȴ˺ܶࡣ
顭
ųε˳ȥǷɳʮףصˤڵϣڵϣ㶵
Ȼ˵
ųҡҡͷֵͷſ˵
ǻȥȦ
ǣųӵϱΧЩʿӼϣܶȦ
ܿ죬һŵĹٱЯʼŲٳ
국ֻԣ˿˵ľӸܹӦδսоһ£쿪ʼɣ


451 ־
ֻԵɫһͣѿóȥˣǾǳԼıһȺ˾ͶˣóܿƿӡԲܹ鷢
Ѹٵص͸¶һ˿Цݵ˾ղǲһͨţǾľǼǿʦսʦ
ţֳһ˿档˵ʵҰսÿųʵֻӣʧҪ֪ⲻͨҰսҰս
ɣ국˵
棡ӳˣžһ꾴һҰսǿʦʦ״˾
Ұսսʦʦ˾
ľһɨ֪״һϽ۷壬һϽ۷塣һ㡣ֻٽߣɾĶֻʧˡٽߵͨҰսʦ˵ùȥƾӵʦһЩ
˻ǲ곯ӱ˵һһǴˡ
ǣӳӱת״䡣
״ɫһ㶣е뷨ֻҪԼһ֣һǳ֡Ҳֻ԰аŵģûǸų֣Ҳսû뵽꾹ȻɳŮˣһŮ˱Ǵˡ
״ɫǵͨ죬ȥӱת˾ָ̣
ͬҲûпǳӱ˵ְʲô
ӱغ
ǻ֣ȵ
״ɫһ䣬ǿ֪Ů˾ԲأȺǴкӸղŻܽųĹоܹǼǿʦսʦʦϽ۷塣֮ŮˣԺھҲûˣֱӰԴнˡ
תӱȫ䱸ʱӱѾ˹ȥ
ȻӱֻϽ۷壬״ϽںϽ۷塣ǳȴһģͨʮߺֻͨʮܹһӱЩ˵ǰǴ֮ûе֡
ҪǵսӱḻǾԼСӵ
Կ϶˵״ӱǰǲһ
Ȼֻһ棬ӱͷֱ˶ԷĹŶԷʧȥ˹ĻᣬΪӱȭͷͬһ˵ϡ
ӱзߺޣ״侹ȻȫԼɴػ˽ų֮󣬻ǡ˷Ҫ֪֪Ů˵
ԣŮ˽״ӻɵ˿֮󣬲ûͣԷһ⣬Ĵڵһ壬α𣬽״ΣֻȭͷڿӰλð
顭
ֻԴŲŵ۾ЩٲԼͬر۾ǲסس鴤ʵǲĿ״ڿб˵
ಡ
ӱȻߣһֱĴȻ絶һ
顭
״䱻ݺݵشӿˤڵϵͬһʯӿ䣬ǾѪ
Ǿһ֣ж״ѹߵ״ǰӸµؿˣ국˵ܹȦ
״һۣܣ
ǻʲôŮ˰ǷȻ
˵һƬǺ죬ӱȻзִ硣ֻһˡߣ˸Ͳʲôشӵųꡰžһһ񺰵ȫʦܶȦ֤񣡡
ǿͨţǼǿʦսʦ국˵
˾ָʾٴ
Ȧܲ񣿡
֤񣡡
ٴΡžؾһȻȥȫʦˡֻǼǿʦսʦ߽ųǸͨŶһһųţǶ֪ôˣͳˡ
ֻԴʱҲǳ⣬ԭΪ״˾ȫʰˣóȫٱǰˣȴȫû뵽˵ǣĥǲԼеĸ֣һЦǶվʲôףܣҪ
תͷȥһ꽫ĸ˹һɨȻǸǴ󽫺۷壬ʮٽͻƵ˧ߵĲΣȻֻһʵȴֻԸ߳һߡ
ʲô
ֻԲ΢΢üͷǵҰսľһǴ󽫺۷塣Ұսеƣ֮ľ޴ڡϵΪֻԺ־ˣµһʿжԿرֻԺ־ͬһԩһ㣬˭оԼʵеǶһ似Ҳ϶ԷȥͶԷдһ
Ҫֻ֪Ի־ֻҪŶԷӹٱ棬ԷܣǾܹԷӵʿȻͻͶԷӾжԿһٽԷ塣ƾ֮ԳΪƣǾΪһźʤǿġ
ֻһ־Լǰ֪־һʲô似û뵽־似ʵѾﵽͻ˧ߵٽ㡣


452 ս
໥֮ԶΣʤͨ˭ȥս˭ʤֻԼ־ǰоЩ㡣һڳǰ־ܣͺԼݵȫ෴˰
ԭҪԼǰܣȴԼڳǰ˻ܣǻǱҰսĶͷҰսľܣԼԺڳǰҲ̧ͷ
־ǲӦʱ䣬ֻǿһڸȦЩٱȻֻ֮ԵǰЦξģҲӦս
˵ˣֻܲӦսԭŰѳ˳˼־Ѿˣʱ򻹰ѳ˳ǾͻᱻȫٱƲԣֻҲǶһ¾Ц㲻ɣҿƤˣҸɣ
ôɣ־ֻһʽ
ȵȣֻͻȻ˵
ôˣɲķ񰡣־ջʽЦе˵
ʲôʱ¹㣿ֻһ۵ǾӣҪд費ǲԣҪʾ
ʾ־۾ֻԵ㻹Ҫ˭ʾ
ֻԸͲȥ־ת˳ꡰžؾһ񣬺˾Ұս־ǰսҽս
˾־ɫһ㶵ʲôʱһ˾ǸëͷСӾǵ˾
ֻԵһ˿⣬־˳ëͷСӣôȥ־֣Ǿ͵űŰɣ˭֪־Ѿﵽ˴󽫺۷壬ͻ˧ߵϣ
ܾ
һ˾õҰսľŵҰսȫгëͷСӣȻˣԺڵҰս
ûȥ־¶һ˿΢ЦֻԺ˵׼ְλ൱Ǿ໥дҲʵ൱۸ҪסĿҰսȫһҪԷ£û񣿡
ֻԵĿһ䣬û뵽׵ؾͽƤ˻ƫƫ˵˹ȻֻԲòеıغ֤񣡡
ãӣǰһֻԵļһͣȻתŲٳϵĹٱȫС
ٳеĹٱͣ˽Ųų˹
һΪ֮ͣ󣬽緹Ӳ͡
ͣ
ͣ

ٳϼһƬЦٴֻԵļܼܲӲ;Ϳˣ
ֻĿ¶˼ɵ֮ɫ̫ƯˣһӾͽȫϣȫȴʮ־ǰսһʤİաΪ֮ıԣͨ˭ս˭ʤ
һȫϣͻԼʧܱɾ޴ʧžͻ½ǴʱѾû˰취ֻоʤһ·
תߵ־Ķ棬ʱ˶ѾˣмøֻԺ־ֻһֻʣ֣ƴˣ
룡
룡
ѾЩȲˣһ䣬ʹ󲽵ֻԱƽ˹ȥȻ󣬵ֳĴȽƵȴû˿ı仯ÿһȥĳߴҲ·õһ㡣
顭
ÿƽһ涼Ҫ³ϵƼٵ͵Ŷֻѹ˹ȥ
Զĳ꿴˲ͷ־ʵȷʵֻͣǿƽĲ֣ѾܹоͻƵ˧߲ԶˣֻҪһҲⳡ֮󣬾ͻͻơ
ʱֻҲо˶ԷƵĲͬ־Σ־һжǳ˽⣬ƽʱϰԶ
ֻ־ƽһ˲͸о˶ԷʵˣﲻԽп࣬ԭڲ֮䣬־ʵõԼĶ֡
ʱ־ȴͻȻӿٶȣڵһţԾȻͬһܷɻһֻԸȥһֱ˶ȭͷֻԵмطŴ
е˶Ŀ۽ϣֻԾȻû뺷Ӳ־ȭͷǽŲһˡ
ҰսۿĹٱļȻͣǴûмԼľǵУֻһӲӲѹԷ֮ǰܸ־Ҳ似һаʽڹоǱ뺷Բ
Ϊֹֻһε˵˾ӦӲرǾˣ͸ӦӲӲܹǾˣ
ǡ
ĿһӲľˡ
ֻԵĶ־жһȫ⡣ȴû˿ͣ٣ֻԵӰ˫ȭ˫Ȳͣػ
ʱ䣬ڳĿռ䶼־ȭӰӰռûзһ˽ײΪֻһֱڶûһκͶԷӲ
ٳ϶žֻ־ȭƿ֮ڿС顱죬ÿһҰսĹٱ㶵еӢ۾һŵʧӡ
ôήˣҺӲˡ־һ߹ţһ߷شЦš
ҰսеĹٱһǺ죬ֻԸŭ쳣
ӲһΣҪ֪һһѣήˣҰսɾͶήˡ
ٳϹۿĹٱѻȸÿ˵϶һ߷֮ɫ
ˣܾͰܣͺӲӲֻҧأ˾


453 Ӳ
ǻûеȵжȴ־ŵϵήˡصΪ׼һУ㶼㲻
ֻԵоһˣʲô
ԼҪӲ仰һͱԼ㲻ʽƵӲԼıΪԼϲ֣似ҲڶԷ
䣬ͼ־һȭӭ˹ʽ󿪴ϣȴһأֻƶĽǶȣֻƤֱѾһ˿˧߾ס
Ѿ޿ɱˣȴȼֻԵĶ־һҧ˼ȫӭ־ȭͷ뺷ضԺ˹ȥ
䡭
ֻԸ첲ϵ˲䱻͵ľ飬ĵغˣһƨ˵ϡ
ۡ
һѪ˳Ҳ֪Ǳ־˵ģǱġ
־Цήˣû뵽᲻ҺӲӲǱұƵӲǳ׵׵ήˣһ֮ͳ˧ήˣҿҰսȫҲήˡһƾӽԵˣ
ҰսеĹٱ߬ȭͷŭŲٳ־ЩѾ̲ס̤ǰ
־мػһΧҰսĹٱƲƲôǾήˣѵǻӲ
һƽڲٳ𣺡ʱ£Ұսή˰ɣ
УǵͷήˣѵЩܹӲ־һ߲м˵һѭȥȴͻȻЦԭëͷСӣô㲻
Ǻǡ국ЦȥɣһϢʱ䣬㡣ʡû㣬˵۸㡣
־ֵָܲŵָųЦ֪ǵҰս˾ΪֻԲѣᵱ㾴񡣡
ȻǸָǰҡҡǣҪΪ㵱ϵ˾ͿšҼˣԼûаʵȴƾżùĶλڻȥȻѹң첻ƫóѡӦսôڡһȥ
ûһ˿ŭı飬ֻ΢΢üͷȻչ˵ðɣһСʱϢʱ䡣һҲû⣡
Ҫ־ǰһšʰǷַӵ顣ҽ˾׿ڳϵҰսήˣǲǵһƾ
е۸㰡ٴ΢΢üͷ
㣿־ϳ˲м
Ǻðɣ
ǿصͷŲٳ־ȥھֻԵʱͣס˽ŲֽûеֻԿ˵ʲôٲ־ȥֻ˦
־ڳտʼٲʱ۾΢΢һ£㿴˳ûһ˿һ͸¶ϵĲмӵŨǿʼӦ˺ͳ꽻֣ȥ
һëͷСӽ֣Ӯܹ
üͷ΢΢Ϊ˳ѾߵĽǰѾˣȻߵƵᣬûһ˿һƣ·һͨһ㡣ǽŲȴû˿ͣ٣·Ҫһֱߵ־ǰȻ彫־ײһ㡣
е˶Ŀɿڴų꣬ӱ֮⡣
ĵػӳһȭƮƮûһ˿־ϲֳһ˿Σĵ˭ҵĶ尡ƾƮƮܹˣһȭϽȥɡ
־ӳһųȭͷȥֻһ־ҲаսëͷСӵСۻϡ
һ˿Ц⣬ľһֱ־֪־ƲԼ²ʹȫóЩΪѡΪ֪ԼӦʹԼʹȫ־ȫûôһȭ˵ͰѶԷˡ
һֱŶԷ־һȭʱ̸о˶Էж٣漴һֱȴڵӿȭͷ֮УǡñȶԷһ
顭
˿־ȴǵһ
ٳϵĹٱһ㶣۵ĲţͳƮƮһȭ־ˣ
ֻ˽־ΪԸ񣬶̻־ǳУ̫߳ġ
국һЦǰһͬʱһȭƮƮػ˳ȥ
־ӹһ˿ЦղˣûдǾղһȭΪѾ˽˳ʵ
ղԼУξͰһȭˡ
顭
ȭͷһཻ˿־ҲǺһ
顭
ȭͷͣؽÿһν־һҲ٣ǰһһȭ
ʱ־ɫѾˣֲԼʲô̶ȣܻ߳һһ
ʱΧĹٱɫˣǶؿ־ȭԽԽ󣬴򱬿ĺԽԽ죬ȭͷײԽԽҡ
ǡ
һֱƲǸëͷСȴʼձƵһһǰղŻŵػ־ȴͨ죬һһٵˡ
顭
ȴȭͷཻ־ͻȻһߵأμٵźȥ˲֮ľ롣
ûȥ׷ϣͣ˽ŲЦЦ־ôήˣ
ƨ־ŭͨȵеȫһ
һָǰҡҡ㻹ϢһɡҲռıˣͬʱҲҪ۷һȭ
־ѵûţǶų꿴һȻͷãȻһƨ˵ϣ˫ȴ̡


454 ʤ
긺ֶĬĬŶʮ־ʱֻԵܸӣ־ģ˾ܹҰս˥ܵ¼ֺ³־ĻڵҰսͻܼȨҲεذڳ
ܹоվΧЩҰսĸ߲ϵϢˣĿ¶𾴡ĩ磬һй򶼷˸ı䣬ֻǿ߲ŻӮñ𾴣ŻǷӡ
ǸųųıӰ뵽ԼղŻҪս꣬󱳲亹
־ǼĿ˾һаСӾôģ;Ȼӵ⡭̫˰ɡ
һСʱ
־۾ڵһӵųȵ׼ˣ
˫ɱ־³һ֣
顭
־һһ󲽵ųÿһƶһ֡۷ʱȻһ̤γȻͬһܷɻһų긩ͬʱһȭų˹ȥ
һȭȫ˳꣬˳ƶĽǶȣ־Ȼǿȭںϵһ𣬱ҵڿռ𵴡
顭
ȭͷһ˿ѵĺͬһſųŵڵ˵ҰУ־һܼٸķɻ
˫Ȼһŵأȭͬˮһӭȥ۶ܹȭͷΧڼٵػ
䡭
ȭͷҵײһ־ε˳ȥͬһܱٵķɻŵ׹䡭
зһ˫֮һ·ĵȥȻһš
顭
µĴر־ȳһӣͬʱҲֹס˺˵Ρ
ܣ־۵Ĳš
һнпܣʼ磬˵
һ־ƽĿãʸʹȫ
ĿͻȻһͼ־Լ˹ٶȻǺܿ죬ȴϵĸı䡣
־ʱͬһ㣬ƽ꣬ȫ¶ʼ˵ڿռȾԽԽǿ
˻
־ϵ·ѣһֻԭһȭͷ˳ӡ
ľһֱ˽⡣Ǿһ̣ҲһԷһڳǱ
־Ѿѹ׵ľʹ˳£ȻʹǱҲû˿߾ȫһȭ˳ȥ
ȭͷûͣСһȦͷųĹһһСֻȭͷڿкݺݵײ

һײڲٳϿջصÿ˶һʧϣһŲٳмˡ
ŵŵš
־ͨȥûһ¶زȳһӡһֱ˰˲ͣסӣһֻұȴڲͣزϵļѾ飬һεѪڲͣص䡣
Ŷ˿ĳ꣬־ֳһ˿Ұܡ漴ֱ𻨣ˣźܿҾͻ㡣
ţصͷò˶ãӦܹͻƵ˧
ΧĹٱ϶ֳ֮ɫ˧־ҪͻƵ˧ˣرһֱ־ʤֻиζ
־¶ŵЦݣų˵´ʱһ㡣
ҡҡͷ˵ͻ˧ҲɲҵĶ֡
㡭־͸¶𾪣Ϊ˳ǾԲ˵󻰣͸¶žԵġ
㡭ѾͻƵ˧ˣ
ûлشתֻԵȥ߹ֻԵߣŲûͣ˦һ仰쿪ʼ
ٳϷǳžûҵĻеĹٱ־ղһ䡰Ѿͻ˧𾪡
̤̤
ӱٲ˳ֻԸӵؿһ۳ıӰһٲųŻȥľ໥һۣ𾪣˷ܡĿж¶һ˼ǾǵҰսгڣ³Ϊ˵һƾ
ôܡôܡ
־ʧš
ڷ˫ȴ̣ϵϢţΧƺͷܹۿɼ
ڱ˵ֻܹһԪųڷӵ롣
Դӿռѷȫ飬ԽϵԪŨ̫ࡣÿһо°빦
Ǵʱ״ڳľȴһľУܹؿԪӿ룬еǳ֮ڲϵӿ塣һת
ǳ֮Ԫܹͬһ壬ӵǿͣѾûʲôʵǳ֮Ĵųһ㵭ʡ

곤³һ۾Ŀֽػعƽ¶һ˿ʧ
ʧˣ
⼸γڵıϣȻźҩͲ֮İȴûгɹ
ȥμˣ
Ӵȥԡһ裬·¥
¥µĴΧصڳԷ˽Ų̧ͷ¥رкų꣬ԷȻǺȥμᡣ
ͷ첽ߵ˲£һҶͷҧһڣ˽˧ǰ˵Ļĩ֮ǰĴѾĹˣԼܹṩ߲ʱ䡣֮ǽһҪΪʳ


455 ټ
ҡҡͷȥЩ飬˷һ˰ĸĸСӱһ˶˳ǰ᳡
ҪװҩɹҾٰ졣᳡ھһС
ո߽㿴ϤӰϲֳ˼֮ɫХǿ
Хǿתͷ˳꣬˲両ϲ֮ɫһų߹һſ˫ۡ
ҲЦſ˫ӭȥ˺ݺݵһӵڱ˴˵ĺϺݺݵţĵá顱죬˴˵ĲĿ
˭ӱʵ
ӱҡҡͷʱ򣬴ǵıͯսǶӳѣڰĽ󿴼ǡţؼҺҵĶӣǳӡ
ʱХǿѾֿһȭҴһȭšͯսߵ˸ǰ꼱æ˫һ£Ȼ᳡ȥ
᳡һܹǧ˵Ĵ᳡һ¥İᡣһվſڵľٿ˳꣬ǰһһ׳׳һŰڵ㡣
ҰҲһŰᣡ
ͯս˵ԱߵĽҲͷˡ˧˧ټһڹۿ΢Ѱ˼һ£ǸٵҰһᣬһҪҵļ˺һۿ
ǣ׳
Ǹٻͷһ֣һͼ˹ǸٶǸͼٵ˵˼䣬Ǹͼͯս˵ǰλ׳
裬ȥ˧ȥһˣһǡ곯Լĸĸк
ȥɣ㣬˧ԼĶӡ
ǸһŰᣬȥһȻ˧ʱһŰڡ
꣬˧ߵɳ
Ц˧ͷ⣬Ȼ˧ߡ
꣬˵ǰ־СӸˣڵҰսһѣ˧Це˵
ˣû취ǫЦ˵ܲõҰսҵĵ˵ҵıή˰ɣ
˴Ц
꣬кܶöǵǮδع˧ҲȤ˵
û£Ц˧һЩ
˧۾һ㻹кö
ֻ΢Ц˧Ҳ׷ʡ߸˻˻˴Լһӵʱ䣬˵˧ҵļ˺Ѷˡ
˧̾˳˼Ц˵ȥļ˰ɣúЩͷһ𡣡
ЦЦɳվǾͱǸˣ
ڵ˧سųЦЦƿ˰߳㿴Ǹһֱ⣬̾һ׳ļ˺ѰڶŰᣬڸڣ
лл
л֮˶Űǰֽƿ㿴һȺˡĸĸӱĸĸһȦӡĵȺǿХʯ˴ʱҲͬĵȻ졣
ͳǴһкȻһƨɳϡ˧ǰһŰ飬ͯս˲˿֡ǿХʱʮ𾪣һֱҪʸǿХɳվһһҵڳߡ
Ǹװһֵ̿ӡ
ǿХ˰סļЦе˵ʵ˧ΪʲôҪȥ᣿
ŶҺһۿûӦһƨ˵ôҹѰɣר˧룬
㶵ؿų꣬оԲų˵ĻҪ˵˧гȥԸһЩ黹ԭôһŰһۿ
Ҷı£Һؼڻ㲻ϴ壬Գʮǲ֪͸֪ǵҰս˾
꣬ЦǿųЦǻûеȵ˵꣬ʯͿڵӳ˵ģ
ӳ
ǿХˣǾû粻ףΪӵغͿˡʲôˣǽδļҴϯʱҺؼҿҲȥˡֻǳӣûȥʸ
˧ĶӣδĽҼгӳǾһʲôĶ飿˱Ľ岻ǶӳȴǶӳ
˰죬ǿʶһ⣬ǾǳʵӦúǿͽͲͨˡʵ꣬ʲôʵ
󽫳۷壡ʵʵڵ˵
󽫳۷塭
ǿХ﷢ʱѾ֪ͨǿǴУڣХֻУ۷塣
ǶĶԱǿ۾ʵ
ǣ΢΢ͷ
ǶʲôʵХ૵ʵ
ڶϽ۷塣
Ͻ۷塭ǿɳǡ⾿һʲô飿
ֳһ˿ѹ㵱ҲȥĽȻ㵱˽Ǹսӡǵǰ磬ֻǾŸ˻
ˡֻоŸˡ
ǿХֳ֮ɫ
ˣ˵˵ɣô
ǿХ㶼ɬһЦǿӿɳϣ˵ܹǲǳӣȻòԴĩ֮ԴøӽţµҩûпҺХһ֮»ù
ͷѾ˽ЩʽǿХֻܹеƫϣܹüȫҲ˵ģһ֮»ѹʱͯսչҿӳɣ϶ڼúá


456 
죿оһɽĿ˳ꡣ
ûֻǾǿХ˼ڳǻǱȽ˽ģ뵱ոʶʱ򣬳ʵܶ࣬ȴѾԶԶ˦˺档
ҳ껹Ļҩͻ˵ͻȻһ𣬳겻ҲѺĹˣߴµĹɣ
ͷȻҲʮֻƣȴôҲ˦ͷڵսҲ˽⣬ЩսԱû񽪷ʵʵ᲻ͳֱӵĹϵ
ſЩ˵ֻжʮĳǴ󽫳۷壬ٸһЩʱأ
Ϊ˧߲⣬˵Ϊڰɣ
뵽˲ˣ
һѵõĻᰡĿǰӦڸոսԼĽ׶Σʱ뵽УԺʱ룬ȫ
˼ȻƽҲʮϣܹ롣Ϊ˵츳Ϊ˵һ֮˶װļ츳ǳĿǰȱٵġ
ǿХĶˣҲΪڼеλþġʼǲϲҲѹڣ˶һۣ˴˶ӶԷп˼ᶨ˳ꡣǽȥ壬Ժ͸ˣ
ãӭ꿪ĵЦֵֿһηܶˣ
˵תɵ˵ʽһ£ǿڷװżǿʵХڹװżߵʵ
ɵ۾һȱٵľ˰
ǿХҳһ硣糤ƽʱڸ磬ΪҵŵҰս˾ְ񡣡
㡭˾ҲǿĿɿڴų꣬ХҲһԲŵصųꡣ
ЦЦ˵糤ˣֱɣ·˹غԪǸĳϡ֮󣬸һţװоǿХǸ
ǿ˽壬ͯսӱһ۵ǡ
ͯսΪǸԼδ峤ܼ븴磬Ǹѡ
ǿХ۾һŽҺͯΪѣδһ
诺ӱĿǰڲӣֻҪҸ𲿶ӷ飬ʱҲûм븴硣ʽ븴֮Ȱʵ
㡭ܹǵʵǿХڴųꡣ
û⣬ܹһЩ
ǿХ﷢õϢЩҪЩʱʱתɵɣôˣ
ӳѾʮߣʵߵУߣʵ͵еȱʵǵĸȥŻԽԽ߼ǡװͻơ緢չ⣬ֻиҩ͸ˣ
ڰֵеġ
꣡ǿͻȻ˵ҵʶһҩʦһڼ岢ӣȻҩʦƷߡҪҰҲ
Ȼ԰Ʒû⣬ҿɣǸҩˣ
ţǿͷ
꣡ХҲ˵ʵЩкܶһˣȥ˵һ˹ɣ
ã˵˵ЩҪ˵ɡ
꽫ɵѸĹݡ
ǣӳһ־ȡӣǿХ۾һǡԪռ䣿
ǣͷӷֱݸǿХǸĹиƶҲгͷƶȡҪ˵
ţ˽ӹ˲ӣ黹ڻУھжĵ̰ȻдԪռ䣿
ʼˣ˵
˽ĿⶼһûпԼҪģתɵɣǿ񾩳ھס̫ܼˣûǸ罨صĵط㵽ѡһطȻһ˧ǸطҪǸĻء
ǣӳ
ӳ㿴һ³
ȥ۾һʱ̨Ϸһ׷ɽͷûн͵ģ
ʦĽܣ۾ԽԽЩɽҪʹõķɽ߳ܶࡣҾЩɽûôߣҲ׼һЩΪѾƷһߡͬʱʮɽ
λ̨ϵʦ˵ЩɽǾűһףܹסÿ׵׼һ򻪱ңÿμӼ۲һ򻪱ңڿʼһס
ӳһ˵
ģȻֱӣҶҪˣ
һһʮ򣡡ʱѾ˿ʼˡ
һһʮ򣡡

һʮ򣡡
һʮ򣡡
򣡡
ʱ򾺼۵˿ʼˣֻﾺۡߵ˰ĴڣӾҶҪˣһǧ򣡡
һȻ
һǧףÿ򡭡
˭ôֱʣ
һŰڣ˧üͷ뵽˳ķɽȴû뵽һôࣿ˧ͯ˧һ˼뵽Сӻ
۸һҲû˺ۡΪڵϵľƷߵĲƷż˺õķɽҲɱ߽׵ϻôļǮȴ˵ˣҼȻܹóַɽ֤Ժ󻹻УûбҪһġǸڶŰᣬƾǸҲӦǱˡǲҪˡ


457 
һһʿ׷ɽ˶Űᣬ׷ɽ֮ȡ˿ݸǸʿŰʮڻҡ
ܿ죬Ǹʿֻˣ˳ֻ̬꣬ӵ𾴡
ڼͻȻһѷɽݸХХַܹɽ𣿡
ХعۿеķɽȻԽԽĿǰֻҪʱ䣬һַɽĹͷںһЩģѾоһʱ䣬ֻǻûгɹû뵽оġ
°͵ǿХҪ豸и嵥ʱ˧򡣡
ãǿХͷ
һҹвոƳġ
תͷ̨ʦĽܣǿַ£˶һ¡û뵽¾Ȼó档ÿһ׷µ׼۾ʮڣÿμ۲һڡ
껨ʮһҲǻʮҸһֱӰǼµݸǿǿûȥо
ţǿҲֱӽǼһԵХҲǱɽ
һƷҹвոоһ
һ𣬾ǽҲɫһ𡣴ʱ̨ϵǸʦһ֧ǹǹ͵żеĳǹЩƣʦĽ⣬ֲǹȻҲΪԴ
Ǹʦһǹ֮󣬳˲ҡҡͷǹҪȵеõĳǹС̫ࡣȫпɱԡֻǳôΪģǱǹȫˡʦʼĵʱ򣬼۸ڼ
һ֧ǹĳۡ
ڶ졣
ǰҰսǰ֮ѡصĵطϳصң㿴ǿХԼĿ档ɳϻŮ
ǿХվ꣬㱨ˡøϽǰסĵطǿˣˡ
ӭһ̰ţ
꣬Ҹһ¡ǿָŴʱѾվ˵ģС־ѣǸװġʽܣλŮʿҩʦ
꿴ǿվţ¶Ҷǿȴû˿˼һ§Ůѣҩʦˮ׼ߵġ
ãк֮˵ĹǶˣ
ˣ糤Ը븴硣
ãӭ룡֣֮ٴȻҩʦˮ׼ߵģôӽǸҩ
лл糤˵
ڰֵҪ豸嵥ңҺȥ򣡡
Ѿ׼ˣӰȡ˼ҳֽͬʱǿХҲֱȡ˼ҳֽݸ˳ꡣ
ӹ˵ݹ嵥̾һĵõƤЩ豸ҴյЩڻҲ֪ʵڲоͳ۸˧һ֧żеĳǹɡò˶ãҾͻȥУҲõǹ
뵽˵Ƥת׶ʵɣƤôˣ
ˣڳǽҴӳȥ
ã
תغ·˹˵ᵽסɣøСסĸһŮһǿХҲס
ãǿХ̵ͷ
ϡ
Լķ
ȻʮɽڳΧΧų껷ƣͬһſǳһʮɽڿн·ɣ˺ƿ졣
ǡ
ʮɽڿлۣ۳ɴѴ󽣡ſеǰѴ󽣣аʮɽ۳ɵĴӦñȾűɽ۳ɵĴ󽣸߳ܶࡣ֪һܲܿ˧۷ߣ
һ󽣷ֽ⣬һѰѷɽս硣
˫ȴڴϣһƿҩһƿ֮Ļ꣬ʼ
һǿХʱֱԼŴϽ뵽֮Сϳ극ʱ򣬳ÿ֧ҩԳľ飬֧ҩӦùչһΡ
Сʱ󣬳۾¶ϲ֮ɫȻûͻƵмǳоǲѿһ϶оҲ⼸ͻͻƵڡ
һſڴ˯еѩУɵڴϣֳһƾͨڵ磬һƴľųʶӿ˽
ľڻУСʱ󡣳ջ˾˯֮С

ӱǰҰսȥ֮󣬴ɳ˳뿪˾ǣʻ˽ȥɿеĵط
뾩ǲԶԼҲҵ·̣ʱ־ǵķѾһˣ󵽾뾩ǰֻǾ뾩ԽԶԽǺڰ
ɿеĵطһ۾Ϳˡ̶ɵߣȥȥ˧
˧İ칫¥ǰ󲽵¥ȥ¥վ˧ǰǰ˵Ҫ˧
׳Եȣеһ˽ȥܿͳԳ˵׳ȥ
ͷƿ˽ȥ˧վһ޴ĵͼǰҲûлͷȵ˵꣬׼ոҲ֪Խ֮ͼǷʺϣ
һµŷֵĲɳ̽顣


458 
˧ҡҡͷֲ޶ŵģһžġҪڶؽġȻҪĸǼһ£ҪϻָҹҪֻء
Ҳ˵δĻֻУŵͼ˵
˧ͷÿһжʮ־޴ܹҡ߽ҪСδҪ˿ȴսֻǲ֪ϵĵòıΣǷܹǽ˶ĳУ
ûʲôѵģ국˵ҹͽҵϡ
ţ˧תͷ˳ꡣ
ʼûʲôֵģĹѾıˡ˵ĩտʼʱ򣬵еĹҶˣһжͷʼˣ˭ܹռݵأ˭ܹİȫ˭ǿصˡôûϮʱռ࣬ڻ
˧һֳЦݵˣˣ˼άЩǲ˰
ʱ˧ɫԵһЩߵһԵɳǰʾҲ£ȻЦʵʲô飿
˧ҳһţ硣
ţ֪˧ͷ
˧֪Լ飬һ⡣˧Ƥӵ³磬˧֪Ͳǻ׳ˡ
ҿ˳һƤ
ޣ˧ɳվǽϵһŵͼǰ棬һžΧĵͼ
꿴һŵͼ΢΢üͷΪŵͼѾ˺ܶĺɫͼеǿƤϾͰһɫͼ
ҪָǸͼϡ
˧΢΢üͷ꣬ǰͼĵطѾҪģܲѡһ
ҡҡͷõĵط֪λԪ˧еģҿȥ
ڳ꿴ǿطǳǽõһƤҲֻ˧ߵݲܹռ붼Ҫ롣
ǳǽõһƤȴ˧ռݵġΪ˶ǻ߲㣬ǲҲܹ
ɫһ䣬뵽Ǹռ˧ߵļΪزܹռôֻʣһˣǾ޼ң˧ļ塣
Ϊ˧޼ҾͲֹءǣʹ˧ˣڻĿǰ˧֮⣬޼ҾǵһˣȻռ޼ҼȻѡ˧Ҳܲ޼ӡ
ǣȻ֪޼ռͲá΢һ£˵ƤҲ޳ðɣ
Ȼǣ˧϶˵
Ѿ˹
ûУĿǰֻǼƻһ£Ȼ̨һͳһļ۸񡣡˵˧кЦʵ֪˭ҪǿƤ
εЦЦ֪ҪˡһͬҪһƤֻоһ·ˡԭ˧û㡣Ϊ޼ҪǿƤ˧ֲܹҪʻ˭Ҫ
޼Ұɣ
ǣ˧ͷ㻹Ҫ
ţ
˧ֵ̯̯Ǿֻоˣ
ٴεЦЦ֪ҪҿͲҪͳһ۸ˣֱӾ۵ˡ
ã˧˵绰˵һ֮󣬷µ绰ͳɳ˵Ѿ޼˵ˣ޼˵һСʱǰ㾺ۡ꣬޼ҺҪһСʱʱ䣬Ǹʱǰ㾺ۣ֤õȫ׼زҪ
֪ͷ
һСʱܿȥű򿪣һ˽˧˵׳޼ҵˡ

һ˽˧׳ã
ưҸһ¡˧վλǳ꣬꣬λ˧ĵܵܣơ
ƿһ۳ֻ꣬ǿص˵ͷȴûкͳֵ˼޵һ˿ɱ
ľһɨҲһ޼ҹȻǴ尡ƾȻǴ󽫺۷壬ִﵽͻ˧ٽĴ󽫺۷塣ع˼꣬޼Ҿֻһ˧ߡһʲôԵ»ò˼ʱ䡣
˧̬ȻҲȥƨɵ飬Ҳֻǵصͷб˴жף˧ȥɱ꣬ȴóɱˡһԵ˧Ҳֻû֤ݣҲò
쵱ǿصʱ򣬷ӶҪըˡûȥ޼ȥɱ꣬겢ûе޼ң޼ҵ̰ɵ˧ֻס˶Գĳޡּ޼ǿأ³Ӿɺޣеɱⲻͣطڡ
ӵ˧ĵ绰ٿ˼顣ڼУе޼Ҹ߲һͬ뽫ǿ֡ǿزϵ޼ҵδչͬʱҲϵ޼ҵӡ޼ҵļ˧ոȻһضˡ±˲֪ǳɱ˧Ҳһ޼˥˵ĸо
Ӱһɢȥͻӿ޼е̣ĩյҲᱻ𽥵̵ʣ
ԣر
ʱ˧мһɳϣߣڳĶ档
Ҳûеͼˣɣ˧ɫ˵꣬Ǻģȳ۰ɣ
ãͷһ飡
ʲô˵˧ҲȫȻЦõ˵꣬еòã
Ц˧ΪȻϣ۸ԽԽãֻȳۣ㼱ʲô


459 
˧ָ˵꣬һεرˣİɡãۣݺݵѹһСӡ
Ƶͷмؿһ۳꣬Ȼ˵ǿ޼Ѿ޼ҳһڻҡ
˧΢΢üͷ˵һǮƵĻƳһҲ˧еļ۸úԶ
Ҫ֪ǿؿǲСǿԽһСͳдУĵƤһڻһļǮ
ҡҡͷȻҲǿһŵĹۡһƣƳһھЩСˡ
ҳڣ
Ƶɫһ㶣˧ϲ¶һ˿Цݡؿһ۳ꡣĵǳص۵ʱԴ
һʮڣƷӦ̳ۡ
ڣ̳ۣǿصĹ۴ǶʮڻңǸ۸˧϶Уֱӳڡ
Ƶɫ̱ѿҲ׼ڵļ۸Ѿ뵽ˡҲ漴۵ٶʮڣ
ʮڣ
ٰʮڣ
İڣ
ƽͣų˫Ŀŭİڵļ۸ѾĵߡǾôøֲ꣬ʣҧҧİٶʮڣ
İʮڣ綼ر˼۸
ʱĿɿڴ˧ҲĿɿڴؿųꡣж֪ģŸ˺ҲֻоŰڣǹ¿ǻ˽߰ڣôóİʮڣ
ǣ۸ѾƲܹټӼˣѾļޡʱɫͬҪһ㣬Թص˳һ۵ҷ
Ȼ̺˧뿪˰칫ҡ
꣬ǿˣǮҪ̴˧˵
ûǮ˫һ̯
˧ɫһ̷ͣӦ˹ô˵ҪһЩˣ
ţͷȻȡ˵żеõһ֧ǹݸ˧
˧۾һǹ˿ȡһ׵װ˳ǹİ֮ڣȻŶһɳ۶˰
ಡ
һ߼ɳͱһ˧ɫüȻܹóֳǹҪȹҿвоֲǿǿʮֹһԼƽųҡҡͷ⻹
ЦЦȡһѶǹɳϡ˧۾һȴûȥǰѶǹҡͷǲ
ЦȥûóʲôǰɳϵĶǹֺܲش˧нǰѳǹҲ˻ս磬ȻɳվһԲȥ
꣬ʲô˼˧ɫһ
ס˽Ųתӵûʲô˼ǿҲҪˡ
˧Цˣ˵ҪͲҪˣǿؿģҪܹҵĳͷģ
ͷ국ЦǹĻԳİʮڣֻǲԸڹһ֮ʱӵˡҸһᣬǹûаաǺǡ
ĿҵҪγͷң
˧Ҳɳվܹ꣬ô˵ǹǴӵżеİɣ

ѾɳֲǰУȻ·;֮ϱ鲼һҵʱ䣬ֲӾܹд˵Թһмֵ𣿡
˧ʱһºһǵǹھ֧ǹΪǷܹİʮڻң⻹Ҫġ
국˵һ֧ǹĵˣʲô鶼ܹ
ʲô˼˧΢΢üͷ
ûʲô˼˵˧Ǳǹģ국˵
ʲô˧󾪵˵ǹܹɱһ˧ߡ
һûʵͨˣֻҪӵǹɱ˧ߵĻᡣǹʵǿУʱȴûǹ
ʼԣҲûǮңǲҵĶȻҲ׼չ֧ǹôҲֻòҪǿء
˧üͷһɣꡣǹڹ˵ʵǼߣҲܹùǰһ½оϻӦжٶڻҡ֧ǹ϶ڻңǿعˡ
ҡͷһҪǿظʲôǮˣʲô裿ǮûУֻǹ
꣬Һ˧Ҳ
Ҳ˧ΪѣǿҲҪˡ
˧ҡͷ޼׷飬ȥͣʲô磬йġҸ޼òǮ޼Ҫ㣬
˵˧Ϊѡ국˵ҽͻ뿪ǡ
Ҫ뿪˧ɫ΢䡣
ȻΪƻǵĹ򣬶ֲԸڽǹɾǶֻ뿪
֧꣬ǹӶڻңҪ󲢲֡˧̾Ϣһûйҵͬ⣬Ҫ֧ǹҲܣͬǣûйҵͬ⣬Ҳ뿪ǡ꣬ƽú룬֧ǹԹ˵Ǽߣ㴦ҵλٶҪڻңù𣿡
̵֣ͷ㻹øҺܴŻݡ
ѵ𣿡˧˵
ǣҡͷվĽǶϣվҵĽǶϣ֧ǹĳİʮڵļ۸ΪʲôҪټӶڣ
ꡭ
˧˧Ļ˵ҳϹֻܹҪǰһΧ˽Ҿ޷ҿ뿪ǣֻҪҪ뿪סҡ


460 ߷
˧Ŀһųŵɫ˧ˡ
Ȼ˳ĻҪ¿ˡͳ귭ȴóˣܹĸĸָҶĸĸʲôȵһΪܹһŭ𣿻ǵһųĸĸһȫƻ˺ͳ꽨Ĺϵǡ
˧̾Ϣһų꣬һҵĽףһҪĹھӦ㣬һºֲӴǹ޼һ֪˧Ȼˣ޼ھǵݺӣھҲźǿ޼׷飬ͬ𵴡
޼Ҹ𣿡국˵
ҲҲֿ֪ܡ޼ҷˣɵʧܴ󡣡
ĬȻ˧ҧҧˣǹҲҪˣڣʣµĶʮּҰˡǮڹˣܹס޼ҵ졣
ϲ¶˿Цڶ˹ңʲô踴磿
ּ꣬ҲֻܹóôˣּҲҪ衣֪㻹ҪǮ踴磬Ҫȥ˧ͯ˧ͽ˧ٽ
ҡҡͷһǷµʹˡ˵ϣ֧ǹ϶Уһ겻Ը⣬һҲ͹ҷҵĳͻ˵׳ʵܹ͹ҽĳ̶ȡ
뿪ǣ
ǲѵİ취ƼǣȫĵطͬʱҲ׵ĵطֻи󣬲к͹ƽƽĵλͬɽϵĻһ㡣ԳʱǲҪ뿪ǣ緢չĻᡣ
ҩ϶ܹǸٷչĸüͷѰ˼ţ˧ҲЩŵųꡣҲҪͳϵѣҲܹò
۾ͻȻһ¶һ˿Цݵ˧֪ǹеΪʲôܹһ˧𣿡
Ϊʲô
˧Ҳʮֺ棬Ϊһ˧ʮֵǿ󣬾ԭӵһ˧ߡǲһ֧ǹܹһ˧ߡ
Ҫһ˧ҪʼΪԴ
˧Ȼԭˡ
ô˧һŻʼֵ٣
лʼࣿ˧仰֮󣬾һȻⲻǷϻ𣿳ûлʼ࣬ôе˧
˧ڵţȻ˵绰ͨ˼绰֮󣬱кɳ˵ֵĿǰ޷ǵ˧֮һһ¡
ͷҲĥһŻʼļֵֻʮŻʼࡣһŻʼϵżǹ֧ǳһԭӵܶ౶
ǣһҲһԭӵΪԭӵɱȺɱ˲ɱһȺͽ׵һŻʼϵǹ֧ȴһֻܹһȫӦ
һϽ껹ǲ֪һŻʼܹʲô۸
ʱ˧ҲѰ˼ţʼԭڻ˵˧ûоöҲҩѡΪǸʱǻûƳΪǹеĶԴһʼʮϡ٣ĩ֮ǰǺżһЩЩʼҲ񻪹չˣڻû㹻ӣ񻪹Ļʼ໹ʮ
˵ʼϵǹеܹһ˧ߣ
ܿ죬˧˧İ칫С
˧Ľ֮˧ɫһ䣬˧Ǽȵʵ꣬ʼϵǹеܹһ˧ߣ
ǿԣ΢Ц˵ȻҪҵһʼﲻףﻹܹҵģǿͨɱһ»ʼϵǹе
ã˧İȻų겻ƭǣվۼΪʵ
߸Ѹٵ뿪˰칫ң˴¥Ȼ˳ž֮ʻȥ˾ǣһֱǰʻȥӷʻȥǰʻ˴Լһӡ˧ͻȻ˳˵һ仰Ҫߣסҡ
һ̽ͣ⳵̫ˣǲȥѰɣ
˧ûзӦ˧˲ɽɵؽĿ˧ֲؽĿ˳ꡣ국һЦû
˧ɫһ㶣˧ǹЦãǼϼһҲûбˣǱȱȿ˭죡
ಡ
˧һݾͷɵ˿УǰطȥںڰĿӰܿͱüΪģ
ಡ
˧Ҳ׷˿Уǻǲͷһ۴ʱѾվڵϵĳ꣬Ҫ꾿ηɵС
ಡǵҰп˳ſһԾҲԾǷеģ˧üͷ΢΢һ塣
ಡ
ʱͻȻ֣зɵ˳ֻŵףͼγֻ˲͵ǵһ˲ı˧ɫһ䣬Ƿͳ٣ûһ˵ٶܹͳȼ硣
ηɵ˵֮һ㽵ٶȣ˧һٶȡ˧һ۳꣬Ŀⷢ
ղſǿǵ᳡ķɽ˵ʲô
˵ϵʵûдﵽ˧磬С
С
϶ߵļܣǻʲô
˧ĶȻһ飬ѵǾߵļܣ֪߿Ծѵ£У
촽䶯һ£ûпʳꡣȴһֲղųһ˲ٶȷʵ𾪣ΪٶȻһֱȥǾһ˲ıһֱٶȡ
ǾͿջ˭죡


461 ǹ
˧ȻԼٶȣǰٶȥǣʱƫͷȥȴ긺ֶڷɽ֮ϣƮƮû˿֮󣬷·ڰһ㡣
˧һҧԼǱȻȫͬһһǰȥڿ졣
ȫУ˧֮ĲҲ¶˳˧ܿͰѽ˧˦󣬲ӵʱ䣬׷˲ûȫе˧
ಡ
˧ʹ˧˹ȥ
˧ɫһ㶣˧⣬˶˧۷壬ûȫУ˧ʱٶȴȫС
ǡ
˧߻һˣǸ˸ַУ̬·˿һ㡣ǲǱˣǳꡭ
ô
˧Ȼ佫ȫǱȫΡಡһ˧ͳ׷˹ȥ
ĸ˧ʱ꽪˧֮⣬µ˶һĴ͡˧ҲĿ¶𾪡
Ȼ˵˵ٶȼ죬ȴû뵽֮졣ѵ߻޷ȵģ
ĸ˧Ҳ˺ʤ֮ģһʼȫУڿлӰǰ׷ȥ
һɾһСʱң֪ɳȥԶ˧˧Ѿʼˣڽ˧ǶѾ˧˧ͳ˦ûӰˡ
ٿ꣬һûгôƵᡭ

˧³һ˧һۣ˵жΡͬʱٶȣҲٶȽ
꣬ٶһֱֳܹ٣
Ӧÿ԰ɣ국˵
˻˧˧ɵһ˧аֲ˵סٶ˭סȻܹѾٶ˿죬ôҲȥֲɱ˧ҵǰû˿η塣
ꡭ˧ԥһ£ջǿʵǾԭ򡣡
ǺǡֻǵЦû˵ʲô
˧˧εضһۣж֪һ˾ԭ򣬶һǽһ̶ȣ볬ӵеľż
ôǸ̶ȵģ
ѵкǴõĺԴĹҪˣǰǸͻҩһֱܹԽսǲ֤С߹Դģ
ߵĹԴģôٽԴҲûʲôϡˡ
˧˧ٴζһۣ˴ʱ˳ļֵ
ʱĳѾ˳ȥ˷Բסܿ͸оһƼǿϢвһϲһƼǿϢ˹ȥ
˧˧ɫһ㶣漴Ҳ˳󡣴ʱ˧˧Ѿѯе顣
ĩУһԸıһ˵һҲԽһǿҪԿ֪ο⻹һ־
ⲻʣҲʡ
һͣĿԶȥʱ˧˧Ҳоһ˿Ϣ
˵һ۷ֻһͳΪ˻ʼ
˵űȡһ֧ĳǹȻȡһŻʼలװڰ֮ڡȻͷһۣӰǷ˹
˧ĸ׷֮󣬳תͷ˧˧˵ǹȥ֧ǹ
ã
һֻЩ˧˵ûʲôвӰֻ۷˹ȥ
𡭡
Ǹ￴˿еӰŭһ
𡭡
Χǧ㶼ŭء
ָڳǹϵһťϰһ£Ȼͬһܷɻһŵֻ︩ȥ
𡭡
ֻﳯųŭһһţйâ˸
ಡ
һĿ˳һٶȳſµĳ꼤˹ڿһǸ򣬼·塣
𡭡𡭡𡭡
ſеĳ꼤˹ȥڿ˲ӰٶѾ١Ȼһ٣ָһ۰
˻
һǹڷ˳ȥڿгһϵɫߡֻ˲䣬Ǹ۷ﱻһ񡣳ָٵڳǹϵһť֮ϰһ£Ȼ˵һ۰
ಡ
һ׶ǹ˳׶ǹ˳һײǸ֮ϡײϡ
ǲ
ˣ˰ʮ飬һءǹμٵ·壬һģĲӰֳһ飬ſмٳ˲ͷɵ˧ĸǰеıףЦ˵õһ۷࣡
Ȼ˧˵Σ
˧·ϵ飬һʱʧ񡣼̶ֳϲɫ

֮໥һۣȻЦ

ߣȥ
Ӱžǵķȥǻص˧İ칫֮󣬴һ¡˱㿪ʼʼһʲôǮһߵɳϣжһˮغš
֮˧˳꣬ҲּۻˣѾǸղоļ۸ô
ԳľȻ֪Ǹղ۵ļ۸񣬶˧ҲûҪ˼Ȼ⣬һŻʼѾʮڻҵļ۸ԼֻҪ۾ſžͿˡ
껹Щ᲻ãϾҲֻʮţ˾ſֻʣšǴʱѾû˰취Ϊ˽踴Ҳֻˡ


462 ɱ
ȡ˾ſž࣬ϡ˧ſž֮Ȼһڵǿعˣ
ллͷȻȡһֽݸ˧˧һҪЩ豸㿴Ҳܹ۸ҡ
˧ӹǵֽһҳһҳؿһ飬Ȼͷⲻ⣬ʲôʱҪʲôʱ˵ͿˡҪǮģЩ豸͸ʮڻҰɣ
ãͷҾͲЩʱˣҪȥһЩСˡ
Сӣ˧Ц
˧ЦһЦУ뿪˧İ칫ҡ
صԼļң̽ɵȸĳԱеԼķ䣬ǳǿѾڸˡǺúһؽһ̵ĳǳء
ʮ˷ܣڿԼĻأ֮·
޼Ҵ֮ڡ
޼Ҹ߲һʮء·һ㣬֮ʮּžܹ˴˵֮
λ֮ϣԴ˧ΪѾ֮ƾͳΪ޼ҵļʱѾѺͳ꾺ĵĽ˼еЩ߲㣬Щ߲ʮֵطŭǳΡ
˭˧Ѿˣ޼ҴʱѾǻһˡ˧ܾܿǳɱģһ˵ʵѾܹɱ˧
Ȼܹɱ˧޼һ˭ǳĶ֣
ǣܹ̰ˣ޼ҵûˣûˣô޼ҿ»˥ܵĺܿ죬ᱻϷ֡
磬Ǳж޾ߵͨ˵
һԼã΢΢üͷ˵Ҳ֪Ӧж
Ҫɱֻ꣬ɱܹ꣬޼ұ㹻ֻܹ޼ֵ֧ͻƵ˧ߡ
ɱꣿƵɫʮѿҲ룬ôɱ綼
磬ˣǰʮ֧ҸոƳĲǹҾͲ޼ɳʮ֣ÿһ֧Ĳǹɱһ꣡
Ƶ۾һǰǰʮ֧ͲǹԹǹΪˡȻһֲ֧ǹһ˧ûʲôвʮ֧ǹأ
ʮ֧ǹأ
ʮһʵʿǹ꣬Ȼ޼һΧ꣬һҲᱻˮ
ãǾô죡ɱ˳꣬Ϊ籨𣡡˧˵
ɱ˳꣡Ϊ籨𣡡ڵ޼˻ߵغ
֮⡣
ָ˿ʼǡ
ǽǡҪѸĻؽһǳءĩУֻҪṩʳͻдͨԸ⸶ȡʳ
ʵͨȥɱȫܹĹҪʳ
ʱĳվڿյǰȻľ¶ЦݡٶȣһʱȻܹȫȴѾܹһЩͶʹˡ
ǰѾӹﹺҩװ豸ʱھ֮һøҩװʼơ
ڳվɣصˣ໥̸ţÿһ˵϶ЦݡȻüͷ΢΢һ壬оɱɱ
ȻͷһٶԼɱ˹ʮúڲĳĶʮ֮żʮֳ
оȵΣԼɿıƽЩȵΣǴӶһٶ˵ϴĿȻһȺеơ
ƣ
ľѸٵ˳ȥǰʮúڲĳĶһɨɫǾޱ䣬ǺڲеĳĶȻ֮ǰĻոƳǹ֧
ڳ껹ʲô׵ģ
Щ˾ɱԼģ
Ǹ֮ˣɲŶԷ֮Լٳ֣ҾʱǱǰʮʿѾڲȥ¶Ͳǹ
ಡ
ûеȵʮ˽еͲǹ׼ʮɽХͬʮ˲䵽ʮֳͲǹǰǵľӹ
ۡ
ʮ˵ľѪ

ʮ֧ǹ˵ϡ
ͨͨͨ
ʮʬ嵹˵ϡ
µļʮȻͣס˽Ų㵵Ŷĳꡣ
⡭̫ˣ
Ȼ˲ɱʮߣղʲôǼʮɽ⡭ôܣ
ڵϾܹƾűɽôܹƼʮɽ
ǡ
ʮɽڿл۳һȺл𾪵ƣ
ֻǴ󽫺۷壬ξܹܵɱ˧ڵĴһ
䡭
һ죬ڴæ֮к󱳴ӭ˿зնµľ޽Ǿȫ׼֮ҲֵܵĹοǴæӦս
Ӱ͵˳ȥƲǿѪһķɽնһֱۡ
ǣθոմӿڵϣеĴ󽣱һնƴغ˴ﵽǰ
䡭
汻ݺݵҳһӣƵαҽ˴֮ڡʱѾ˹ȥǾոջ˲䣬Ǳֵնֻһնͽն롣
һж˲ɣ޼Ƴǰҳ걨ȴû뵽ֻǸպͳһ棬ԼļˣʮͲǹļˣǻվ
Ҫܣȴһɱ
ɱ
ɺͿصҲǼʮ޼ʣ߳˹ȥ


463 ѹ
ಡ
һȡ˾Ʒһ߿ʮɽŶǼʮ޼߳ɱ˹ȥһɱ죬һȫޡҿлʮɽͬһǼ
ֻǲӵʱ䣬޼ʣµЩ˾ͱɣصնɱһɶ
˻ŵʮ֧ͲǹȻתͷ˵ʮ֧ǹΪĸ
ǣӳüЦؿʼЩͲǹս˴Ԫռ䡣
аЩ˵϶һ飬еĶΪĸҲüЦ˵
ӳ޼ˣЩǵ˵ǻ
û£국˵ֲȥǣ޼ɱҡ޼ѾˣΪ˧ǻΪһѾ˵ļȽȽ𣿡
ֻ˲ˣ¶Цݵᣬᣬ

е˶Ц
Ϣܿʹ˧ĶУ˧һ㶣̶ЦЦڰñȥûϢһ㡣
Ϣھǵ֮ܿشͬһ쫷硭
˵𣿡
˵ʲô
ôôô䶯Ϣ֪
ƨţԷЩŭ
֪ɣ
֪ͷ͵Ǹ
޼Ҽɱˣ˵޼ҼһٶߣǹҸոƳͲǹȥҪɱ꣬ȴû뵽˸ȫˣ
ļٵģ
Ȼģұڸ繤ġ鲻Ҫ˵޼ҼҴҵҲǾԲôݣ̸£ЩСϺ׾ˡ
ģҵΪ㻹𣿾Բ˵ȥ
Ǻãؼ
˵𣿡
˵ʲô
ڶĩˣ㻹լ֪ɣ
֪
޼Ҽɱˣ˵Ǹ糤Ȱ˧ɱˣȻ˧ĵܵҳ걨𣬴ٶˣǹҸոƳͲǹȥɱ꣬ȴû뵽һưٶ˶ˡ
ļٵģô
ȻģѵıڸĹض๤ġ鲻Ҫ˵޼ҼҴҵҲǾԲôݣ̸£ЩСϺ׾ˡ
ģҵΪ㻹֪𣿿ڷһúܡ
Ǻãؼ
˵𣿡

ܿЩϢͱ鲼ǣԽԽǿ󡣵ȴһû뵽Ľд߿ʼͶ硣˵˵潫նɱĹ˴˳ȥЧӦϯǡ
̶̵һµʱ䣬͵˽ǧˡ
ͬϢҲ޼ҡ
޼ӵ˶ȥϢ֮ľ˺ܾã֪޼ˡһδһ޼ҾӢȥɱ֮꣬Ҳûлڶζִ޼ҾӢȥɱ꣬ϢǱȴȷʵնɱøɸɾ
ʧ޼ҵʵֱȥһ뻹࣬޼ҵʵѾ䵽˶塣źܿ޼ҾͻܵΧϣѩ̿˲࣬侮ʯȴһܶࡣ
޼ͻȻֳ૵꣬޼ң
Ӱӣ޼һһӰϢس޼ԡ
ϵƽ֣ϧһдҲҪ
ӰϢʧˣ޼һվ¥ȥ
ƽһĩ֮ǰʹڵɱ֯ɱ֯ڸ߶˵֯ʲô˵񶼽ӵġɱ֯һ壬û֪Ǽĵص㣬ֻǻЩ嶼ǵϵʽҲΡ
ƽֵʰٷ֮٣ûʧֹɱֽǳߣͬʱҲǳء
ͬǻƽֵռҲǳ֮ߣڽ֮ǰǻԴɱĶһȻŻᱨǮǮһͲܹĹûּۻ۵ء
ԳʵҪӶƽִɱ꣬Ҫ޼һĲƲҲ˵޼ҸʹӶƽֵķ֮ͣ޼ҲʵϣڲҲ½޼ˡ
޼Ҳں㲻ʽ޼Ҳòȥֻ޼¶˾ҲҪѳɱ
ȴȫ֪ЩЩѾѵҰս͸쵽֮ϣھӱİڸһˣѾԷֿʼˡ
Щʱ˺ö࣬׼һιأȡܹͻƵڡ
Լ棬һҩȻ㿪ʼ˱չءÿһʱͷʳһƿҩͲ֮Ļ꣬ϵԼʵ
ʱڲ֪о͹ȥһ¡
һƽԳˡȻǱļ۸൱޼ҵɼҲ޼ҺԥظҲƽҲɴؽ
޼һƽһǾǲĿĲݡ˵޼˵Ѿһˡ
ͬʱǰеֲҲˣȻһ·˺ܶˡȴǰѵżǹе˻ùҿвͶо֡
һһʣ¼ѵ鷢ˣҿвڷֵоõ˽һķչַĲٽڵϣͨҲγһ㱣һĿǰǴȫİȫ֮С
Ǿϲھǿʼͷŵص׷ֵʱ򣬴Ӿչʱڰ˴볤֮²Աȥ֮̽󣬷һռ䡣
Ͷ˴ʼԽǸռ䣬ֻǵĿǰΪֹûҵ֮Чİ취


464 д
һг궼֪ʱһֿ״̬Χǳ֮ϵӿ壬ھдת֮󣬽뵽ĵ
ԪҺֿʼγһ޴תһſǳ֮ӿ뵤֮Ԫ֮Уǵ㣬
굤ڵǳ֮ѾܶˣԶԶǸտʼǼ㣬ڼﵽʮ֮һγ֮ڵڷӿȻһҵطڣһ죬ڵԪȻһԪСһԪȴøӵؾԥԪŨǳ֮һ˲ռʮ֮һﵽ֮һ
˳ͻƵ˴ڣǳ֮ųӿһתӿ˵֮Сڵһαųֻ˲óоԼһ֣ľһһ֡Ȼ׽һ֡
۾ֳЦݡ̧һա
顭
Ĵб󱬣оһȲҪһԼͷ
ء
ǵĵͽ˳ȥһֱ˯ѩѾ˹¶ʼϢ
ϲӴ˫ǵĴͷüһͻƻʼˡģȻҩѾûˣһбҩһͻƵۼ
ء
ۺͷһųһҡβ͡
ߣȥϴ裡
߽ԡңһһʹϴһ֮󣬳ʹѩ뿪˱ϳŽ˧ļʻȥ
˽˧ļſڣոմӳͼſ˹ԶԶؾͺӳôпˣ
ȻͻȻס˽ŲһۣһݱǵĸǰΧתȦӳѾǻʼˣ
ǵȻǵĴԵġʱǵѾףѾ˳࿴ȥʮֵ͡ĽǣظǡҲ֪ǳѣȻûжԽʾȣȴҲûг
ڼ𣿡ŽŮ˻СĵظǵĽ壬Цʵ
ڣҰ֣ؽִǵ˹
ţص˵ͷ
ųȥԶ˴ţΧû˵ʱ򣬽ŵʵӳҰʲô飿
Ҫдһ£Ҳ˵
ʲôͻȻȻһ£´ų꣬Ȼѹʵͻˣ
ţ
ߵͻƣǾͻƣ
ߣЦҸոͻƵڣҪԼĴڻһʲô̶ȡҲ֪˧һµд˵Ѿûʲô塣ԣֻ鷳ˡ
ٺ١ų겻Цš
ҿЦı΢΢üͷͻȻ۾һѵҲͻˣ
巭һ۵Ϊ˭һͻƲ£
ЦôŹָʲô
˵Źֵ˵
˵
˵˵ЦЦ˽˧鷿ǰǰ÷ţ洫˽˧
ƿ˷ţỽһ֣
˧̧ͷ˽ĳ꣬۾һվ˵꣬ôôпգ
Щ˼˵ҸոͻƵڣҪдһ¡
仰ҪǱĴںͽ˧˵ǽ˧ԻһŰѶԷ߳ȥ˧ߵʲôһھҪһ˧д裿
Ǹʸ
ǳ겻ͬϴֻǴ󽫳ںͽ˧д裬Ȼ·磬ǽ˧ȴҲ֪ԼҪӮҲʽܹģҪһ˵ͻƵ˴ڣԳսҲڴҲҪҸдһ£Ѱ˼˭û뵽͵˸ǰɹЦ꣬ҲҪҸдһ¡Ҫ˵ãд裬ȻҪþߵдһΡ
ţĿڽ˧ͽѲһ£ͷղŽûͻƣѰɣ
ûѣ˧Цҵʵȷʵˣ
ʵˣ΢һѰ˼ȻлȻ˧˵ҩ
˧ϲ˵ǸҩȻҵľûʲôȴҴͨһЩҲǴͨʮһָоʮİһʱ䣬ҾܹͻƵ˧۷塣ߣ˵ô࣬дһ˵
ã
ʹشӦҲҪԴͨʮ˧ڻﵽһʲô̶ȣ
꣬˧ͽ˺ܿ˵ص׵ҡ˵һߣͽԶվ
꣬ڵ
ã
̤ǰһǳ֮˵һзתֻ˲嵽ȭ֮Уܼƿ֮ͬһһغ˶Ľ˧
úã
˧ʹųȭͷӭ˹ȥ
顭
һ˿˧ȴǵһȭŽ˧˹ȥ
úã
˧һ˲佫Լʵ߳ɣ
顭
һ˧徹Ȼֵһý˧дһԭΪԼͨʮ֮ɵʵͿԻܳꡣû뵽Ѿ߳ɣϾȻ˳ꡣһҲȥ˵꣬˲佫Լ˰˳ɣһȭų˹ȥ




465 
ҲóԼеһȭͽ˧ȭͷӲһ
䡭
Ҷһ·һӣȻ졭
𾪵ˣһζԾںһŵضסΣұ۵ļ¡ȻȭХŽ˧˳ȥǱȭбѡ
˧һƿյХɫһ䣬ֻ˲ͽԼ˾ųɡ
䡭
˸첲ϵȻ飬ͬһֻֻɵĺڿз裬һ·ĵغʮһ󳱺죬Ѫӿ
ͨʮ˧߹Ȼ³һĽ˵
ӣ˧Цһڵ߾Ȼʹųڿңң
ٺ١Ц˵дɲܹˣҪͲúþ˵дһ
ã˧۾Ҳһ꣬οɲ֡ʮʮʵд裬ľҲʩչ
ãصͷ
Сģ˧˵
ţ
صͷ֮󣬴ڵһ壬ξͳ𡣽˧˿ֻĿų꣬һ˿졣Ϊ겢ûֱӹԾĸ߶ԶԶسĸ߶ȡ
Ҫʲô
˧еĲո𣬾ͼһֱͷ˹˽ƿյļХ
˧Ҵ⣬ŲһһȥеĳȻԪһᣬһߣڿһһŲ˽˧ͷ
ν˧ٶǾۼʮɵһȭ˳Ľŵװ塣

һײ죬˫μУǱ˷ɽȣҲȻ˧˳ȥ
ϵЬȻ飬¶һֻŽĴš
顭
һȭúϽƳɵݶϣŷθӿٵأ͵ز˽˧ͷ
顭
ʱ˧Ȼܹ㣬Ѿ˳һʽҪܹһʽֶã

һα˳ȥ
顭
ȭͷһλ֮ϣȻزĽ˧

顭

顭


ԽԽ󣬾Ȼһֺͽ˧ƽơǳԼ֪ȥԼĽǿԽ˧Լ忹ȴܲһȾѾʹȥԼ˲ɡ
ͻȻһ󷭣Զĵȥ˧۾һڿһӰŻڰеĳ˹ȥһֻͬһֱһųʺɨ˹
顭
Ȼδɨ꣬һĴ򱬿
вɿЦ⽪˧սֱ̫ḻˣֻһ˲ͱץסˡ
ںͬȶս׵ضȥߺͶԷӲӡǺͽ˧аȶٶȾͲ罪˧ԷεһʮɽХŽ˧ȥ
˧ÿ죬ȥҲ죬ֻ˲оͶһ󵶡

һܼĽײ˧ηˡδӿŶĽ˧˹ȥ
һһʧ
һһ֡
ͻأسڽ˧ĸǰһֻȭͷͷŽĹ˽˧Ŀڡ
˧ֳֵһɽɣȭʱ˿һȭ˳ȭͷ

η˳ȥڿлһ˵ϣĵغ˼
飡
һס˵棬ȶһ˿Ѫ

˧ǰһɽ˫ڵߣų˹ȥ
顭
˧ͻȻһٴӿеһɰһѪӿʱ򣬳ȴͬѸһس˹ȭŽĹ󣬡顱شſŽ˧ʹȥ
˧˫ץأȭӲӳȭͷ
顭
˧ڴ˵ڶ죬ǳͨڶΰ˧ڵԪһңѪһӿȭԪһ١
䡭
ȭͷͽ˧ȭͷײǱȻ
ŵŵš
˧ͳͬʱźĺˣǳں֮һ
ǡ
ʮɽڿ۳һ󽣣żƿ֮ĺ˵Ľ˧նȥ
ڵ֮еĽ˧޸ִ֮һʽὭſնĴ󽣷ȥ

һ죬˧ԸٶǱغˣҲһ˿Ѫ

ɽͳһײһν˧ѾסΣеķɽס
顭
һγ˳ȥͬʱжһѾƷαģͬһƬһƮ˶Ľ˧
ꡭ
еĴ󽣽⣬ʮɽڿһĶãʩչƵ弶ȫչʹʮɽڿвϵŽ˧ؽۻҡ
˵ζǼ죬˧ͬʩչ弶һҪȳ꾫ƵʮϤʮɽڣ³Ѿܡ
ʱĳ겻ľնɱ˧ʱ˧ҲǴͨʮ»˧ӻ˾ǡ
Ρಡһˣͬʱпͣ
˧һ˲ֹͣ곤³һдˣԼ˧߻һξ룬ȻֻԴͨʮ˧ߡǰЩֲӴлһ˲ٵĵҩˣ˧¶ѾͨʮԼںǶսʱ򣬳еٶռ֮⣬µĽԶơ


466 ż
ҪʵͻƵ󽫺ڣӦܹͽ˧һս˰ɣ
ʱվһԵĽ嶼ˣ֪ǿΪ˳꽫˧նɱȴû뵽ǿ˳̶ȡ
Ҫ֪Ľ˧Ǹʱ˧ͬǸʱ˧ֻǴͨʮԼĸȴѾͨʮ£˽սḶ́꾹ȻܹԼĸսƽ֡
ӳ̲ס𾪵ʵҸ״ƽ֣
ҡҡͷҲǽ˧Ķ֣ͻƵ󽫺ڣӦܹкͽ˧һսʸ񡣡
˧еЦų˹Ҳڴܾûдôˡ꣬˵ˣͻƵ󽫺ڣսһ
ãҲ˷ܵشҲκͽ˧дʮֵع񫡣
ߣȥڼϴ衣Ȼ̸˧ĳļ˵
ã
˻ص鷿ȻڽĴŽҵһԡȥҵ˼ʱ飬ȫ¶첲һֻЬҲûˣŽѾӣһ˿Ѫ󺹣һֵų꣬ĵ˭ˣ
ʱ򣬼˧һԡȥȻ˧ûйѾӣһֻҲˣ¶Ÿ첲Ҳһ˿Ѫ
ҵоһѵ˵ղźͼдˡҿ˵ӣƺ֣꾹Ȼ
ܿͳһ裬Ȼȡ˸ˬ·ϣŴԡڳڽĴŽ˧鷿ȥ
뵽˧鷿˧Ѿ棬ҲҲѾáһó£һΪϲ衣æǰ˧̫ˣԼ
ûô˵˧꣬ŵϵȺȱɣһ̸顣
û˸嵹裬嵹ǺȻظԼһ裬ȻЦеغȲ衣Ȼ֪Ҫͳ̸ʲô˳ʵҲΪͳѵѡ
ܾҶĬĬغȲ裬Լһӵʱ䣬˼ͬʱ豭¡˧ų˵꣬ոճأҲû˵ڷֹżɣ
ֹżһ㶵ûУҸոͻƾܵˣʲôż
֪˧ܸɴҡͷ
ɫһͣ˵ô֣أǺȲ裬ģոһܸɴĲ֪
Ŀ⣬˧ҲЩȻʧЦĲ֪˵չصЩӣҿвڷ˽Ľչ֪֮ǰķֻܹϵĿռ䣬ԾһЩ׳ܹͨص׽ڣ֮ÿնҪоӺߺЩ׳沫˺ܴĻҺǣҿвѾ⣬ܹڵصҲ֡ڿص׷ֵʱΪطһԪռ䣡
۾һȻǴԪռ䣬ͺܿǵżĴڡ
˧Ȼ˴Ԫռ䣬ôղŻ˵֪ʲôż
˧ЦΪǵڻûнǸԪռ䡣
΢΢üͷûֻǽĿ˶Ľ˧Լһ˵
Ԫռı쳣ǿƲտвоҪǿƿϣҪһٿź˵֪Ǹż𣿾ڳǵ棬һٿź˵Ҳ˾סˣ鲻ܹ
΢΢üͷǹ
вƽǵϣݿв˵ǵӦʷǰģȻΪӣѾҵͷڼƽ⡣Ļ㱨ѾеĲˡ
ͷûŽ˧˵ЩĿġʱ򣬽˧Ҳڣֱӿ˵꣬żһƽ֮󣬴󲿷ֵĶȻҪҡεҲһҲòĸ磬ǽҺͯҿΪȡһЩ档
УɴصͷЩ鷳˧ͯ˧ŰɣҪҳʱ֪ͨһͿˡ̸ʱҪҵõ˿ƼϣȻҲҪԭֻҪһݸƼͿˡ
ţǻ˧̸
ҵǶǸԪռܸȤ˧ܲȥԾ˷ܡ
Ȼԣ˲ȥѵߣҴȥ
ͽ˧Ӵ¥ųŰ˴ʻȥŵ˰˴븽͸о˽ŵգѾȫϣĴܹߡǰʻ˴ԼһСʱң˧ͣ껹û³ͿھǲԶһ޴ʱ
Ž˧ʱ֮ڣ㷢һ޴ĹѾڳһ޴Ŀӵ˳ŵصȥӵԼֻжٶסȻͿһֱԼа׵С
ȫ߲ʵĹĻɣھ֮⻺תţ˿͸Ļ֮硣
ǸĻеǰһ޴Ĺ̨ʮ״ӵĿԱڽ̨ĵǰšڹ̨ǸĻֽ֮һ̨̨޽˰˸޴̽룬ÿһֱ̽һң˸̽Ķָ˹ĻУڰ˸̽β˺Ĵִĵߡ
꣬ˣ
꽫Ŀջѭȥ˧ˡʱ˧óΪ֮һ㶡ĵѵЩ˧춼ۼǣղŽ˧ȴڼҰ
ͷ˧˴к˧ҲĿ˧úÿ죬Ҹոȥ֪ͨ㣬ˡ


467 ־
Ǻǡ˧ЦûмɳˣǳҼңҺ˵飬Ҫ
˵˧ɫͻȻһ㶣̶ֳϲ˧ѵܹ򿪴Ԫռıˣ
˧ҡҡͷ˵֪Ҳ֪Ѿˣûгɹοвβĺ㣬ԾкҶ
Ŷ
˧ǰȥߵ˵ĸַŹ̨ȥµҲǰĿǰǿ߸ǰҲĿЩæµĿѧңһ˽Ӵ˶Ŀѧҡ
ÿѧҵɫʮרעڵһ豸žûǵ𣬻Сꡱĵйɵ졣
ʱڹ̨ȥλβڷһָ¿ռһֽŵա
ջĿ⣬˧ȥ˧εĿ˹̨ϵЩѧң꽫ĿתǸĻС
ǸԪռıϣпǱǸżĹŴ̫֪࣬һʲôӣ
΢΢üͷǸ߲ʵг˼ţǸ߲ʵתţ¿ռӳʮֹͬλһ㡣
˳ȥǲ͸ȥеľ飬֪Լľܹ͸ԪռıϡҪԪռ澿һʲôڡ

ϵɫһû뵽ԼľȻ˻΢΢üͷ˼һЩȻӦԪռıҪǸżıϼʵܹܶ࣬Լľ˻
Ҳͬʱ˵һ飬ǾԪռҪеǸԪռ˺ܶࡣ
ľЩܣ˻ӵʽͷųȥǽһŶǸĻдȥ
ʱ䣬ͷ·һѤ磬Χ߲ʵĹâ·޾ؽԼľһǰƽͼѤС
ܵʧˣüžɫֻ߲ʵĹâ˸һ˿ʧ˫һҧ¼Լľǰƽ
·ʱͿռ䶼㣬߹ȥһôãֻǹȥһӣѾȫоʱͿռĴڣȫʧ߲ʵĹâ֮С
Ľطһǰһ仯һ״תǰȥһ͸ٶȻӿ졣
ֲ֪˶ãȻþһɡ͸߲ʹĻһ𺳵ʶ֮С
һƬ磬ƬŸǱֻڿһ˲϶ǵżΪǸǱķеżеĸǱһģһ
ֻƬӵеĲһǱһƬǱһƬǱһ޳ǡ
ֻ޳ѾưܲǸǽͽѾʴͰɫİ߲ûв´Ļǰɫİ߲ӦǸɿݵѪҺ۶ɡ
źһǱĴŶǿŵģһĴŶġЩǽҲ̮һǱ֮϶ŻٵһѺۣϵĿݹ洦ɼһǾ޴ĿݹǣһСȹҲľߣɼж޴
𡭡
һ޺𣬴𶯣һľڴԪռɢһӹҲ
ǣȴض
ⶼʲô
ҿʲô
Ԫռڳһֻֻޣһ߷ߵĶ˵ߣΪȷʵͬһ㣬Ҳ̫޴ˣȳ굱ɱʮʼҪı»ֻţͷһǡִÿһһֵضɽҡĸо
ͷŵϢΪԵη
ڳ꾫ַΧڣһȺȺǿھ޳ǵĽֵţʵ̫ˣȥͣ˫žӿľС
𡭡
˫ž޺Ԫռ䶼·ڲ
顭
ľҵţЩʵ̫ˡľֶǾڲ֮УͿʼ͵ۼһֻȵۼҪ͵ȻеżпӰЩǿϢѾЩ
ʱ߲ʹĻ֮⣬ЩѧѾһ׼βڹ̨ϳ˧һ׳һ׼ϣ
˧͸¶ϲ֮ɫһֵǾͿʼ𣿡
ǣ׳
βתվһͲĸǰĿɨеĿѧȵʼ
̨ϵһѧæµ
Դϣ
Դͣϡ

ʱʼ1098
жȻһֿ־壬οвܹԪռϣû˿׼Ļ˵ֱһѡ
ľٵոʮ֮һľ߾һе54
Ȼ˫ۣɫǾޱ䣬˰˸ִ̽ʱѾͨ巺ҫ۵İ׹⣬Ǹе𣺡3
ֹͣȻ
2
е˶һ㶣һԵ˧˸ǲųꡣ̨ϵβһߡһΰʱ̣ȴһëͷСվߺֹͣ
1
ֹͣ
˧˳ףȻ֪Ϊʲôӣѡų꣬תͷȵ
䣡
ˡ
һжˣ˸ִ̽뱬ҫ۵ĹâȻ߲ʵгȥ



468 Ԫռ
ꡭ
ֻ˲ĵȻ˸ִ̽Ϳʼȴâɢȥ߲ʵĹĻȴһĴܶ
ضǾ޴߲ʹĻʱľѾȫջʶһȴ顱ҵš
꣬ʲô飿˧һĽţ˧ҲĿ۽ڳϡֻβЩѧĿȵע߲ʹĻ
Щ˻ƣŴ
˧ɫһ䣺˵ǸԪռŴ
ɬ˵ӦǵʷǰеʱռӡҲЩӡ档
˧ɫˣ˧Щ˵ǵʷǰ
ҡҡͷûôӦǵĺЩӡȥôãӦѾˡȴҲֵܹģҿ˵ۼͳۼ
ʲô
˧Ŀ¶˿־壬ɽĿⶼǸ޴ĹĻС
˧˵û˿׼ռĴˣЩǾһѡ̻ɢ˺͵ӹɣ
˵̾ϢһԸδڵжʧܡ
ꡭô֪ģ˧һ˿ϣųꡣ
߲ʵĹĻҸղþ͸ǲϣһһ֡
Ȼɫһ䣬ܹоǲڼȻȴʵʵڵؼ
˧ڵıڼͻȻ
˧ԶͨѶԱ֪ͨҰսսʦ͵Ұսڱʦǰ֪ͨڳſʼɢˡ
ʱڽжȹһӶӾ˿ʼĹԱͿѧҴ롣빤Աû˿⣬ʼЩѧҵʱȴ˼ҵطԡβǼػֱۺҪʲôǿвβЩǹҵĿѧңҪ֤ΰʷʱ̣
ԣǲߣҪ֤ΰʷʱ̣һȺѧҶɫغ
βת˧غ˧ܹǼ֤ΰʷʱ̵
ȡһ֧ĳǹһŻʼలװǹеİڣȻ˵˧ӻҪõ
ŻҪһӣ˧ɫҲ͸¶һ˿꣬ôǸҪ𣿡
ǣصصͷˣս׼ɣ
˧Ǹβ˧ɫش󺰵
죡һȻЩ˺ȵǴߣĴ衣
㡭βָָųꡣ
ִ˧Ȼȵ
˧
βҪ֣Ǽһƻرƽ˹ûµôǣԼߣ
˧˧Ҳ׷״ӸԵĴԪռȡǹе԰װһŻʼࡣ
߸վڸ̨ǰŵǸֱа׵߲ʹĻ
жʱ䣿˧ʵ
ԽԽȶ߲ʹĻɬ˵ᳬһӣǿ㡣
Ź̨ȥЩѧһģмѧһռһЩݡ
뿪˧ȵ
˧ЩݺҪһѧҺ
ߣ˧ɡ
ˡ
߲ʹĻͻȻһĻһ𵴣е˶Ŀ߲ʹĻֻǱ鲻ͬ
һĽţЩѧȴһļ
ˡ
߲ʹĻΧչֻǼӵʱԭֱа׵ĹĻչֱҡ
Ȼ󡭡
߲ʹĻɢȥˣ¶һֱҾ޴ڡ
ǳɹˣ
ǳɹˣ
ꡭ

ʮѧҼػţҵعƣ˼ӵһ
𡭡
ͻȻһ޺ڴ˳Ŵһ޴ͷ­ͷһǣſһѪһڽһѧ̵˿С
ʮѧĿɿڴֻ޴ͷ­
뿪
һδӸ̨
ಡ
ɽɵĽŵ£ȻαǸ˹ȥָڰһۣһ˳ȥ߾һǡ죬Ǹ޴ͷ­ͱȻ˳Ĳ弱رȥ
ಡ
˧Ҳ˹߸˵˲䴩ڣ˴Ԫռ֮ڡȻǾͿǵǰֻߴ߸̿۶˰߸ǹһֱһֻ棬һֽи
ֻ˲ͽǰֻɱȻǾľȻڿУĿɿڴǰһС
ǸղųþۿһΣǾǹпžơǵҰУչǵǰ
һ޼ʣԶһ޴ɽɽչһƬ಻ĸǱһ޳ǡ
޳ǾսλôԼеľǸôԶҲܹھ޳֮ǲʱ߶ľ޴Ӱĺ
ֻڿǸķΧڳ˱ɱ⼸ֻ֮⣬ûзǾ޳ڵƺҲûзһڡǣжʮԪռᱻ֡
߸໥һ˧Ŀ˳꣬ѹ˵꣬򽻵Ĵ࣬ʲô
һۿԪռ䣬𺳸Ӿ޴ظоڵĿھ˵һѡ


469 ս
ȲҪҪЩ﷢Ǻڣܹ϶þ϶áþӾפ費Ҫսӵ档ǿټ߽սһսۣ
ˣһԵͯ˧ͻȻ˵
˧Ȼ̧ͷ߾һ޺ȻͿ֮ľ޳֮ڣЩ￪ʼ߱˹ضܼĽŲͬһ¡¡졭
ȡסʮӣ˧ɫص˵
˶صصͷĿ⼫Ŀȥ΢һĿǰǱЩﲢûеۼϵһЩʼһµ
꽫ǹеֽȡ˳ǹеǾ޴󣬵Ҳƣ̲ԶֻܹﵽסЩﱼ׾룬ǵľ޴ٶȣֻһ̾ͻᱼǵǰ˶Ǻѷ
ȡ˴ڣ˧˵۾Ҳһ׷״ӴԪռȡ˴ڣ겻һ֣Щ˧ƽʱҲ׼
ڵܹﵽǧףľѸٵ˳ȥŴڣ촽ȴǧ׷Χ֮ڡ
顭
۶һſŴ׵˳ȥһﵹȥ˧˳Ծؿһ۳꣬û뵽ǹ˾׼ÿһŴ׵׼۾
顭
˧Ҳ۶˰һſŴ׵˳ȥȻǵǹûгô׼ÿһŴ׵Ҳ׼ػһԴ
Ȼֻ߸ˣȴǹܼЧͬһͬʱһ㡣һˤÿﶼʮ־޴ǵĵ赲ƽȴƽٶɿ١
ֻʮӵʱƽ֮ڣ߸Ѹٵ˴ڣȡ˵ǹе
һɫɫͽɫĹâ˳ȥ
һɫĹâﶳ˱񣬺ɫĹâһȼճһһɫ߽һи֧顭
ƽٶһνڲͣų˱ƽ
һܼĽŲӳ˵˵ϾһϲһӰڳ˽ξ޴һһ
˧ȵ
ա
Щһ㶵ľ̷Ӧ˹ʼŶ˧üͷΪǶЩʿӵЩ˫ߵ˺Ҫܼӵܹһֻ˫ߡ
ҪѴڰҪǳõʱ䣬ܡ߸˶һۣ϶¶Ρ
˧䵽һųĸǰ˵̻ȥҵڱڵϳУǰСʱʱ䣬Сʱǻ᳷롣
ǣ׳Ǹųźȥ
Ҳ˧һɫΣƾ߸˺Щʿеûڻ֧Ԯͱﵲס˫ߵĳְܼܲСʱδ֪ǰЩﻹûеۼ굱ǸԽۼ˫߸ûмӰ֪ʱܵ
Ȼڲϵӿ뵽ս֮УЩ˫ڱƽ֮Уֻٶһν͡
΢ĵЩ˫ûܣԵĿǰΪֹ໹û಻ϵӣøܼ˫Ӵƽٶһν͡
˫ȴڲϵƽ
ס
ʮס
ס
һʮס
һס
𡭡
ɫͻ䣬Ͽռٵطȥ˧ҲٵաЩ˫ںӽһ֮󣬾ȻӿһҺ
һҺԽ˰׵ľ룬ʿϣЩʿ̷һ¿ʼð̣ЩѸٵظã¶ɭɭ׹ǡ

˧һȻ߸ڿвסؼٷӣͬʱٵؿ۶ŰֹڻŵϹٱʼ֮⳷롣
𡭡
һҺ࿪ʼ˫߿ʼƽ
˧ɫʮѿһҧ
Ӱ֮˳ȥ
䡭
˫߳˳ûü˳Ĺٱ˲ͱҺû߱ײ÷䵽֮󣬱˫߲ȳࡣ
˧󣬺˫߱һ֮ľ룬еǹеͣһâ赲˫ߵƽŵ֮ϻغˡ
ಡ
߸ڴӵ˳ȥһɳ棬ȥڱѾأ˧һɣȵڣ
䡭
ܼĺڲеڻ𶼼Ǹӵӵ죬·ϵرƣ˵˧ڱɣ
˧˧һ˵ڱ֮󣬽ں󣬽ȫըǸ¶
ǻ׳˧ĵʵ
˧˼ҪսڴԪռ䣡ͯ˧˵
˧˵ĿǰڻҲֵܹһЩһµɻʼﶼˡֻкܹ˺
˧ͷˣһڱըȻÿվ׼ЯźԪռ䣬е̺ʽը
ǡЩĻ᲻ѴԪռڵЩǱȫȥ
ᣡҡͷʷǰʱЩѾۼûнЩǱȫȥƾǵĺ˵ͻٲЩǱⲻõġ
ȥɣ
˧˵Ӱ·ȥʱ⸽ѾָӲ߸ָ߽ӲָӲڵʮ̾׳ã


470 ۼ
˧ߵǰ£һȥѸٵתӲϵ￪ΣͬʱʼǿеߣеĸҲǿ٣ҲˣҲ⣬߿ʼۣȴŴģս
ϵڻ治ϵغҹĺ¶ǸԼҵڡ
ΨһĻᣡ˧վָӲȵĿǰǵﻹǻʼһ£ǵڻܹӵ֮ˣ򿪽ͨŻʼϵֻ֣úܹͨͨǸʱԾɲɹʧ
׳ģ֤񣡡
ã˵ʮּеĻͬʱЯĿվ׼
ԪռڴڻѹҲֻѹƣȴܹˡ˧վһߵǾ޴ĹĻǵ˫ߵ̫ˣ
ǰ˧Ҳǵ˵滹ŸǿҲ֪Ƿɱ
ʮӣͯս˿ֱ˵
ϣμеڻܹͨͨÿռ˳ؽȥ˧˵
𡭡
һŭڻ֮Уһ޴Ӱڴ˳һſڵϱըȴҲֻǽҡҡλΣǾ޴ȴһһ˳һ˿ڶûС
𡭡
ֻŭ޴Ӱӹ˳˧ɫһۼ
𡭡
ֻ˫ߴӹ֮߳󣬲ŭ
䡭
ڵȻֻ˫ߵڿñѡ
ȥɣܹ˷ʱˣҲиĵۼǱڵۼ֮ǰͨͨ
껰䣬ȡ˵ǹеӸߵһԾ£ɽĽŵףеһֻۼ˹ȥ
ಡ
˧Ҳֻۼ˫ߣڿз׷ȡ˵ǹе߰ǹڿͬʱֻۼ˫߿
һֻۼ˫߱˱һֻճ˻һֻڲסرи
߸˵üͷ𣬲˵Ǹڱиڱȼյ˫Ȼ˵úأȴûܵ˺Ǹɱ˫žʱҲڻضϵǲǲǲؿʼѡ
նɱͷ
иͷ˫ߵ˧ͻȻһ˳ǹȡһ˲˧˼׷ǹеȡ˸ԵС
ಡ
ʮɽ
ǡ
ʮɽڿ۳һ󽣣Ѹ͵Ǹи˫նȥͬʱ˧ıҲն
𡭡
һҵİֻ˫߱նΣڵϡ
𡭡
ֻȼյĵۼȻ߸һҺ

ಡ
Ӱſзȥڼٷ;Уȡ˳ǹŸղűԼֻ˫ֿһǹ
ǡ
ۿžҪϵı˫һα
Ӱڿһһγֻȼյ˫ߡΧعٱڼעſе߸ˡ
˧ߵʵ𣿡
̫ˣ
аȻܹڿɷа
̫ˣڶܹ˺˫ߣͱ߸һնɱ
ǸҲ˧ôû˵
԰ôܹһô޴ķɽ
Ǿߣǡ߻𣿡
ҰսľֻԺ͵Ұսľ־ſɷĳ꣬ɫһ󷢰ףʱǲ֪ڵʱ¶ֵʱ򣬸ûгȫ

һʵû¶
𡭡
Ӱոմӿпֻ˫ߵʱ˫һͷһ˦һȦҺſеӰ˹ȥ
ӰεؼգξȻ˫ߵĶҺ˻ȫֻܹ˫߷ĽʱǸ˫ϵıֿʼ
ڻ
ͻȻȵһеĴ󽣾ͺХǸ˫ߵĴ쿳
𡭡
һҺųķɽ˹
˻
ɽն˶Һһն˫ߵϡ
ء
һͺ˫߱ͣ¶һ˿ڡ
ǡ
еĴ˲ֽʮɽΧ˫ߵľ޴ͷ­ٵţϵشĴ죬ÿһҪ䶾ҺΪʹ䲻
е˧۾һȫͬ׹һأٵشӲͬķ˵ϵ˫ž
𡭡
ֻ˫ʶΣգոտ˰ͱƵķɽϵϵĹĺкͶҺ˻ȥ
䡭
һ޴˫žȥӰڿһһ˫ž˹ȥ
䡭ֻ˫žϵı㱬ˡ
䡭
˧ĺһҲϣֻۼ˫žһ޴ҡһ£յȥ
ಡ
еķɽֻ˫žӹ˫ߵĸпȻþЮŵۼ˹
˧۾һȴסǰ·ͷһŵۼ࣬Ȼ˧
˧Ŀһڳһŵۼûʲô飬ûг꣬ǺڶʱɱǸ˫ߣʱϵþãиۼ˫߳һϽʸԵõһŵۼࡣ
꽫ɽ̽ǹȡ˳Ļʼȡ˳̽ǿŵۼలװ˽ȥ
ʱ߸Ѿص˸ߵأͯս̧һֱʮ룡


471 һֻ
˧˵ͷһŵۼݸ˧ȻҲȡ˵ĳǹǿŵۼలװ˰֮ڣ˧ҲˡľУȻҪԼսһԵĽ˧Ȼһ˿Ľ漴㽫Ŀ˴Ԫռڡ
䡭
ܼڻʼŴԪкնڵڱΣڻɵ̺ʽǰƽ˫߱Ƭ
ڻǰƽѸٵؿԪռڡȻ󽫴Ԫڴ˫ߺ飬Ȼڵ˴Ԫռ䣬ǰӣƽ
˰Сʱռ䶼̵ζ˧óͨվ׼
һд׼ϣ
ڶд׼ϣ


ڰ˷д׼ϣ
ֹͣڻ𣬿ռ˧ͨ
ڻͣռüžֻڿռ˺ɫաּž˸еѹ֣·ء
һХӿд˲˾޴ļ́ͷȥսӿз˹ڿѸٵγɶΣһܸһ·壬ŴԪռڷ˽ȥ
һܼս˳طɽ˴Ԫռڣ˧˾㶼һ
ߣ
˧һӰָӲȥ뵽ָӲѾкܶ˿ʼæһڴ˳ǽԪռķԱı档
̫ˣֱ߼ʣ
ɨ˵ܹɴ
һɨΧ
ڶɨΧ


ߴͶս
ڰ˴Ͷս
˧Ȱ˸һϢһڵĻ㱨ʱһһعȥڲϵشԱһӿʼ޳ǣ
ڶӿʼ޳ǣ


ڰ˴ӿʼ޳ǣ
һӿʼͶź˵
ڶӿʼͶź˵


ڰ˴ӿʼͶź˵
䡭
ĺڸһеʧļ϶һԱľȵڴ˳
ۣ޳̫ˣں˵ĺը¾Ȼû˿𻵣
⵽شɱǰƽ
˧ֳЦݣѵõɵĿ˵࣬˵ܹȴԸ޳ܹɱԪռڵܹɵر޳ǣܹɵصõʷǰĿƼ
˧˵Ҳ¶ɵЦݣȴҡҡͷص˵ӦûûҿۼҴһǶȿҲǿľ޴вǶǸԪռ䣬ǸǱвٵط⵽𺦡һ룬ǵĺ˵ԸǱܹ𺦣ЩǱȴˡ˵ʲô˵ЩǱǱ𻵵ģ
˧˵ɫһ䣬˧ʵ꣬˼˵Ԫռܹ𻵸Ǳ
ʱÿжʮֳأܹ𻵸ǱĿǰĻ˵һѣû˿취ֵ
˼һ£ҡͷ˵ԪռδֵȼδܻġֻϣܹŽδ
겻˧˵ɫҲء
ܲܲﴫ˷Աǿ˵ûã˵ûá
찡ҧס˺˵˦˹
䡭
ǸԱʧˣָӲҲһƬžͯսȻŻͲһмǿ
ܲܲĿǰֻһĿǰֻһ
һдӸע⣬ҪŴԪڹڶӵڰ˴Ӽը𡣡
ڴܼĺָӲȴһƬžû㶼һŵ
˧ͯ˧ѵؿ˵ǵķɻȼϺľʱ̣ҪֻŴ˳
µĻû˵ÿ˵жʮǶ˵һѡڽж˴⽫ĩս֮ܵһѡ
ڷɻʱǽȥ˧ϵȭͷһգᶨ˵ԲܹǸﴳ
΢΢üͷ˧һԺʮֲ˽⣬ʵ˧Ǻ˷䡭
˧ųЦ˵õĺ˷䣬ֻҪУϣͲٺº˷䡣
ͷ΢ġ
ǵǸ֪ǲܹɱֻһãٶ༸
˧ֳɬ
ַܲܲһֻ˵һֻһֻ֪ʲôĶʮϻǻûһëǳʺɫƤʮǿ˵û˿˺
߸Ӷһͬʱ¶˿ɬ
зɻ𣿡ͻȻʵ
ĸԤӣ˧˵
׼ͶսɣڴԪռڵķɽҪ󷵺ʱĸԤӽȥסֻԽۼӼըȰ˸ӷ̼֮׼滻ĸԤӡԽۼʱ򣬱뽫ɨɾ
ã
˧ٵطԸȥȻǼžĵȴ
ܲȼϲ㣬Ҫ󷵺ȼϲ㣬Ҫ󷵺
֮ǰֶܹã


472 
ֶܹʮӣ
ãǷӺ󷵺˧ȵԤдӳ
ը˰˸Сʱһ˽׳ĺ˵Ѿֻһκըˣ
Ǿͽ󡭡
˧Ļδ£ڴ˷Աܲȫֻʣ
˧Ͼһϲ̺ȵ̷
Ŀڳ˵ɨ˧վ˵ֵˣ
ӹһ˿Цݵȥʶһ³Խۼһʲôڡ
ãȥʶһ£
߸ָӲȥȻ˿ŴԪռڷȥڸߵ£һܼܷɻڴӴԪռڷɳ߸ͽӸߵŴԪȥ
ʱеĹٱĿ߸˵ıӰһܼܷɻźХɹӰϵؾ޴Уϣ˴Ԫռڡ
һԪռ䣬˾ȼգ·߽һ޴¯ڼԶ޴Ӱ׷ſеķɻŴԪռڱ
޴ÿһ߶ʮףһֻ˫ߣһֻë޻ǣƺǵˣ߱ܵ;Уʱʱ໥ɱš
ͯ˧Ȼ˼˵ԪռڵӦöԵˣֻʣ廥ΪʳԲӡ
𡭡
￴˳߸ˣ߸˿񱼶ӭ˺ë
ಡ
߸˵γ˸߿գͬʱ۶гǹİһɫĹâ֧ǹ
ߵڹֻ˫ߣ֧Ǹëֻ
𡭡
ִУеȴֻͬ˫ߵĹֽг˷ŭֻëֻĺȴ͸¶һ˿ҡ
߸̾ף˫ΪԴĳǹǰֻ˫ûãֻëֻȴɱ
˳ǹһʮɽڿдһǡ죬۳һ󽣡
ҽֻ˫ߣǺֻëֻնɱ
ߺһ漴Ǳ۶ɵĴ󽣺Хֻ˫նȥ
顭
һն˫ߵͷϣ顱һ˫ߵͷֻһۼȻƤûơǣһҲʹ˫ߴͷת˳ꡣ
𡭡
һŭһҺſеĳ˹걻һ˫ĶҺҪ֮ǰĵۼ˫ߴ˺ܶ࣬ҾҲԶ˺ܶ࣬ǶҺûеǰѬͷۻ
ಡ
һڿض˫ĶҺһʹſеĴ˫ߵͷͣúţľ£ÿһ׼նǰһĺۼϡ
ʮնȥȻֻ˫ߵͷնһ˿ѷ죬ѪҺ
𡭡
ֻ˫ŭˣһӾȻӵԾѸٵؽӽеĳ꣬ȻһţһҺų˹
ಡ
Զȥһ¡¡Ĵ֮˫ų׷˹
ղ˫ߵһԾѳһ̽к˫Զһʹŷɽͣն˫ߵͷ­ԶȥԶԶؿ˧ڿвͣؿ۶һڹŵë
ǣֻǲӵʱѾɳȥ̫ԶѾ˧ŵ濴ȥֻ˫ڽ׷ᣬʱ̧ͷųŭ
̧ͷһۣԶһɽԶɽȥʱǽ˫ԽԶԽã˧Ӧֻܹëɱɡ
ֻ˫߱ܵü죬һһԶɽȥ
ԼһСʱң嵽ɽʹŷɽ˫ߵͷն˼Ȼһߵɽȥ
Ȼ䣬оһëоȵΣԼٵٽʱľҪУҪʹ󽣹˫ߣ޷ͷų硣ȻͷͿһڹͬһ
һȭͷСĺɫӣٶ̫ȫ٣ҪȳٶȻ졣
ʲô
ڳһͷʱ̣ǿѾ󣬡顱һڳϡ
ܹоԼѾˣȴоʹֻоһľľӡ
ãжˣ
д󾪣ʱҲ˲ȥʹɽ˫ߣһеĴ󽣽壬ų˹ս磬еٶ˼£ɽ۷ȥ
Ѹٵȡһƿⶾҩֽһ겻֮̽һ˼ǷԾǸ߷壬˦ֻ˫ߣҸصصطѰⶾİ취
𡭡
ֻ˫߼껹ܹУٶȻӿˣŭһոջصǿ˳
顭
Ҫ㣬ȴûж㿪ǿӵٶʵ̫ˡҼֱǿӺݺݵײǰѸ͵س˹ȥ־˫ٸ£ˡ
ͷź·ȥǸ˫ߵٶȽһЩ˫ĿЩήҡһǿĵҲʮδܹ
ಡ
ɽȥسľЩоԼ嶼Щܿˡź·ȥֻ˫ߵٶҲڼ׷˺档
ѵҾҪô𣿡
ʹҧһ⣬Լһ£ɽ֮Ϸȥ
ಡ
ɵɽ֮ϣʱ弸Ѿȫľѣһ㱡


473 ͵
𡭡
·ִһŭ𣬳ɽȥ˫ھɽһξĵطѾͣ˽Ųƺɽ֮ʲôη壬ǰһֻǳųŭ
ɣˡһֻʶһԣξʹӷɽɽ׹䡣
ͨ
ˮԭɽ֮ϾȻһأʱѾȫ˹ȥ¶ƤһƬص׳ȥ
ڳص˲䣬һ˿˿˳Ȼڵˮܽ⣬ų岻ͣ׹䣬ڵĺͣͷųسƤϵ֮ɫʼرǳ
һг궼֪ڽ³ϵĺëһһŵغ³һ˿˿ĺԽ³³ĺԽ࣬ƤɫҲָԽ졣£ֻӴӰ³ý
Ȼÿһ߶ףֻǴʱȻﶼֻʣ˹ͷӣʹҲɢӴϢη塣
ͷӵһֻʮ˫ߡ

Ǹ߶ȺͳȣѾܹˣ㣬㣬еζһֻͷӺһֻ
ֻͷӰڳһභ״̬ͷӵͷмһ״Ķ໥֯
ɫɫмȴɫһֺɫһְɫɫڲͣؽɫźˮнɢȥмȴʱѾʮϸСĶһڲͣܽɫһڲͣܽɫܽڽСʱѾСѼ
ûһǳؼžֻгڻ¡庹ë׵һһɫų˹庹ë׵һһ˳ڡ
䵽صײɫϷ䣬ͬһɫ˿ųƮȥϵ塣
еƺܽȫʧɵĺɫɫţţ໥ܽţתųƮ˹ȥ뵽ڡ
ƤϵɫӿСʱ󣬳ƤѾȫָԭɫһɫѾѳȫذģɫ壬ʼ޸˫硣
һСʱ󣬳˫Ѿָɫų롣ʼӳųʣƤ⣬ǣ裬࣬øӵǿͺ
ɫͰɫʱѾȫʧ㶼תɫ棬ͬһɫĴϼ롣
ǳԶתɫڴת˵
ϢڵҺ̬Ԫڽرճһ˾
ϢڲͣԽԽǿͻƵ˴ڣ۷壬󽫺ڡ
صײɫʧˣ꽥۾ãȻܿţȻδ˳ȥһľ֣ȻܵԶ˳ȥ
쿴ͷӵʱһڽȶʱܴԼˮ̧ͷȥһǺˮСһ£Լƺ˫ӻˣжˡ
æζһ˫磬ֳϲ֮ɫԼ˫羹ȻԼ˫һϲһ䡣ֻԼ˫֮Ϻںһ㣬вȻԼжᣬƤǺڵġ
ԣ
жôԼܹƶ
ֻһԼ˫ֺ˫ţûаϰ̧˫һա
䡭
ص׵ˮڳб󱬣ͬըѣˮص׵ˮھҵ𵴡
ԶͷؿʼǾ޴ĹͷʼѣƬƬصס
¶֮ɫղһգˮ˫ϵǲɫˢ¶Ƥɫ
ҵĶˡ
㶵Լ˫֣Ȼһ𣬸ղԼԲֹǴ󽫳ڣɨԼ壬Ի󣬵ǸȴǾϲû뵽ԼʵѾﵽ˴󽫺ڡ
ˣԼϵǲɫӦųʡ˫ڳصһţϷ˳ȥ˫ֲסػͬһ㼱ٵζ

Ծˮ棬һȻɽۣԼǴϷġŰȥ߽·ѵѸٵؽϵϴȡһ׸ˬ·ϡĿѰѾҲԼɽ
ķɽкܶ࣬Ҳ̫⡣ſһԾɽɵĽŵ£ŴԪռڷȥ
ԶԶؿӰڿУӰ߸ߵķڿУһ˵ĺϻһˡӰ·һӰڿвͣӶǸëѾڵȥͬһСɽһ㡣ֻ˫ڲͣشӿһӣеӰڶǿӡ
񻪹ͣ
һ𣬾ʱǿһŻ˹ȥʱٶѾ࣬ǿӵĺɫѾǳ࣬ǵϵ˫оƣ
͵ͻȻͣ˫һϣǿźɫӾͱ˫֮䡣ֲֻֻûֱӽӴǿӣ˫͸ľǿ֮䡣
ಡ
񻪹Ÿ߿շȥ˲ͺֻ˫˾롣
𡭡
ֻ˫УֻǺг˿־壬ҿ¶ɫʹࡣ


474 Ǳ
˲ףǿһ˫ʮҪĶǿӲܹ̫ԶԶĻͻʧȥϵ˫߻ܴܵ˺˿־塣
Ȼ񻪹͵ӰڿбһСĺڵʱֻ˫ߵӿĺɫҺ塣ҡҡ׹
еǸСĺڵ·׹䣬ٵطŴ󡣳ĿȥʱǿѾʧˣѾ
顭
͵һֻźݺݵز˫ߵͷϣǿ˶ͷ­Ȼѣǰ㣬ݺݵԵڵϣҳһӡ
һ͵вǺʱһսʿߵ壬һץһͱץ˳
е˧Żͷ˹ҲǷ˹ȥ
˧˹˵
Ҳɵ˸ǰŻ͹˵
ų۾ͻȻһ˳µɽ¶һ˿Цݵ꣬һֱ㣬пȥɽ
͵̬Щܳɫһ죬æͷãһȥ𣿡
ãܺãܵ㣬
ͷɫЩ˼һԵ˧ɫѿָܿȻ˧Ż;һлλǲ֪ʲô
Ͱ˰ֵЩø飬ֻ˳ֶΪ
˧Ŀһʵ֪ʲô
ҪڻɽҲһ֣
û⣡˧˵ֵĲ϶Ҫ
û⣡Ҳʮָɴ࣡Ȼָŵϵֻɱĵһ֧ЩѧҵĹǮɱĵڶֻҪԪռеõһ
Ӧģ˧ش÷ǳɴ࣬ϾͿ˵ǾһͬʱҲǾǡ
ô߰ɣ
͵˵˧Ҳ㶼ͷʼŸ޳Ƿȥû˵һ仰ֻĬĬظĿעŻ͵ıӰԺлŸղŻͶȡ˫ߵǿӣһŲ˫ͷ­ľͷи̾͵ǿ
𣿡˫ȭսźһҪǿҪΪĴڣ
˲Լͬž޳һߵĸǱȥһ޳ǵġ˳ǱϿգ˵ŵȥ˳ǱڵϣĿΧɨȥǱĴѾ飬͵ĳǱѾһЩѺۣЩѺ۵붼һצӡӡֻצӡӡʮ־޴ľеѺ۷·Ǳ޴ĸֱ޳ģóɽǸ޴
ʱҲףЩѺ۶ʷǰЩɵģһ뵽ܹЩǱ˺ЩȴܹĳǱÿ˵ͷƤЩ顣
Ŀ䵽ϣ˵ĿһڵϲĲкƬһЩӡ
ʲô
ÿ˶˼ţŵЩȱȫĽȥһͷɶƵظ˳ЩƻõӰеıνա
һֱоĻס˧ͻȻ˵
˵ж˹âɽĿⶼ˾ǰԶĳǱĴš
̤
һҲ˺Ŵȥʮ̨ף߸վĴǰ˧ϱ˧˸˵ĿⶼųǱȥ
һĴͷŽĺâ˸˴һ·ȥܱƻúǽһѺۣܶԭеĽҲ顣źܶݹǺĻףһֳϢΧ
һһǰţߵ˴ľͷͣס˽ŲĿⶼһ
һ޴ĵ񣬲֪ʲôɣƻ޴ĵȴû˿𺦣µĺۼڣոʣʹڵһƬǽ롣
ӳոսӴǸ޴ĵʱ򣬺ȻطԼľȻ⻹һηһȥ飬ȻһαľУҲһЩءܹ֮ոʣΪȻܹѿһжҳ
ЩȻ⾿ʲôϣʲô͵
ĿʼشʮҸߣһԡ˫ǰһѴ󽣡ݸ㣬ֻһȴ˸оѹ
ճ꽫Ŀǰ׶ߵĴϣǱԣıԵͷâһ֪ⲻһװƷһĴ󽣡ⲻڳÿ˶𾪣һ潣ѵ˵ʷǰеĻ᳤ߴ
ĿҲǰѴŵ̤ǰ
ǡ
ŵͻȻһ죬彩˵ĿĽȥĽһש˰硣
һ£ÿ˶񾭽˭֪ǲʲôءһ֮ڴڵĻǼܹӦġ
ڰ˸˺Ȼɫʱ򣬾ͼ˫ĿȻͷųââڴۣȻӳĻֻ˲佫ڡ
ʧˣ˸˴ʱʷǰս֮ϡ
ʱǰ˸վһտ֮أǵǰһ߼ʣʮ߳ϵľޡ
ǵһ࣬ͬ߼ʣÿһԼ׶ߡ


475 
䡭
ͻȻҵز￪ʼмײ˹һܼܷɵ飬ʣȥһִĹӷɵ˳ȥ￪ʼ÷ǿ׸һϵ޾ǷɵĹâʮ׸ϵҪʮܹɱЩĹֻܹʮµ˺
䡭
죬һ浯ǵ˳ЩĻ浯ȻܹԿеķɵ˺ֻŻ浯ͽһܷɵӿк
Ļ浯ͿзɵĹڿռڽ˺ڰĿռ䡣
ڵķӳһףÿ׵ĸ߶ȶʮףܵٶȼ죬ͬʱϵĸŶ￪ڴĻ׺࣬ηس˶
䡭
˫ǧĶȻײһĴսĳ˺ȻؿһУһ޴Ľųǰ˸˲ûеȵǰ˸˶Ǿ޴ĽžѾ䵽˵档
˸̲סһۣһ֮󣬷Լ˲û˿ˣֻŵѾһߡ
ʱ򣬳Ȱ˸ѾףǴʱһӰ֮СӰеһжӦʵģҲʷǰﱬϵĵһδսҲǾԵһδս
һ뵽ʷǰһξԴս˲ɶع۲ⳡûʷǰĴ
֪˶ãⳡսڽˣĴʬ̡ǳ˸˵ʮֳأΪˡ
Χĳʼı䣬ڲϱ任ĳУһǳر﹥ƣڰŰء
ѾʶѾɵֵŰĽŲѾʱ̡࿪ʼƶƻΪౣӡ
ʼѡΪӵ࣬ȻЩ౻ӱųԪռ䡣ǣҲûܹ赲ǰĲ
ڹԪռ䣬ʼ޳ǡ
޳ˡ
ڳ˵ҰУһܼܷɵǱз˳ɳ˴Ԫռ䣬ɳ˴㣬ңԶ棬ȥѰµļ԰ããУǵδԤ֪
һгʧˣڿ۳ŸšĿһǵ֣ǾŸʧˣ֮ܵĳͬһмȻһǸٷѳ㣬˳˫ĿĹ
˵Ŀⶼƶֱ˫ĿڵһָֻԭòѺ۱鲼ǽڣصĲк
˸˽ԭأղŵĳǵԺлطšĩѾ˼ˣ˽Ԫռڿ˫ߺë֮⣬ǻûм߳ϵ
Щǵʵ̫ˣʱжѾף໹ûк﷢սۣҲ˵ǿﻹûгڵ֮ϣҲò˶þͻ

˸˶³һ˴˶ţж¶塣ĿͻȻһĿضǰѾ޴ĽϡҴʱҲĿǰѵ˫֮еľ޽֮ϡ
ǰѾ޽ĽžŸƣǸղĻµľŸš۾΢Ѱ˼һ£ĻϾŸе˳֮ϵľŸŵ˳ͬ
ʱվǰǰƮǾŸĿһͰŵ˳ĻµľŸŵ˳
ꡭ
һǸǰһâǹâڿлۣγһһ׸ߵĹˡǸʮֵر棬۽ëǳۿһɣͻһˡ
˵òʮ׸ߵĵһģһ£վڸ̨֮ϣˡ
˶ڴǰˣ˴ʱҲڴųǡֻǸ΢΢üͷȻ˵һ仰
仰ǵԣˡǾ仰˼ǣ̫ˣ
ɫúѿȥ˵ɫҲѿҲǸ˵ԡ
˧Ǵʱõԣ겢ԾϾѾȡһֵĿƼû뵽񻪹ҲᶮõԣĲһҲӦõõһż
ࣿǸӵؿŰ˸ʵ
˵ǣ
Ե磡Ǹ˵˵Ӧڵе࣡

Ǹ˵ͷ֮ǰûټ࣬Ӧǵ֮³ֵࡣ
˵Ǹ˷ǳԻسһʵǵʷУûйǵĴ˵ûͽǵ
ʵЩȥããѰ¼԰Щûлɣ
ǣ˵ͷĿֱŻ͡
΢΢üͷ˼һµ˵кܶ࣬ҲʷǰĴ˵Ͳ²⣬ûָĵҲУҲõǵķɴĺǲͬҲǲͬӦòǵĺ
ǸŴ֮һȻԻҡҡͷôҵģˣǿԽ顣


476 ջ
飿
ҵ֡ڸ緢ʲô
Ϳ˧һۣ˧ǰʼ顣Ǹ˵üͷĩֽ𣿡
˶û֮˳ĬãǸٴοڵﴢŵпƼҿṩǣϣ
ģ˸˵۾һ
ȻģǸ˵ϲû˿ˣǣǲҪ̫ˣǵӵЩƼջˡԣӵЩƼҲʲôԡ
Ǹ˵ɫǱڵƼԭеĻٽһΪǿĿƼܹȥϣ
飬ҿԸһӵеĿƼ𣿡Ŀϣʵ
˵Ŀ˸һµҲֺܶҰɣ
ǣ˧˵
ϣĿƼӵе˹ԽԽãսа֯õ˵ĿƼǻһѡҰֿƼڳİ˸ˣԺҪֿƼң
лл˸л
˵Ŀ˻͵ﴢʮӴĿǰĿƼȫкܶࡣ´׼֮ٹѡิһְɡǽƵһоףһ֡
ã˸һεͷ
УǸ˼˵һһȸ޸޳ǵĿƼϣ޳Ÿ䣬޷豸ÿ޸һǱõľϲ
ãʱİ˸ҲΨеͷ
ǽеĳǱȫ޸Ҿܹ޳ǣʱ޳Ǿһ޴Ĺÿնṩװ
˸˵۾һɫֳ֮ɫһ޴ĹʵܶࡣӦһ˿Ա
̾һڿȥ޳ڵĸǱѰһҲܹҵһЩû𻵵Ķ
㡭
Ǹ˴Ӹ̨һΣȻ˽һף¡Ȼһ˸âʧѾһһģһϻźͻһ·
Ĵ糡˶٣Ҳƶ޸ƻ
㡭ܹĴߡ
ģҵĶԴˣһ˰Ȼ˵ȥɣƶ޸ƻǾûĴѰҶʱˡ
˸˶һۣж¶˷֮ɫ̺͹˸ǣӳ˴˧˧˴ſڵ˧
˧εػӻֵȥɣֻܹԼá
˧ͷſһԾѡһȥ
ûзɵ߿գڵ·ɿرܣͬʱȫչ˷ԲףһǰܣһɨΧһС
괩һǱ֮䣬һЩɢǹ֧ԥػֽսڣļ˴ʱҲͬ顣
Ѿ֪˼Сʱ޳ʵ̫޴ˣȻ۾һγһǱ˽ȥľһֿ⣬һ·˲ٲֿ⣬Щֿⶼǿյģֿ֮ھȻһЩ
κܿؾͳֿ֮ڣ۾ӵڲֿڷż֧ǹеżֻٰҪɨһۣ֪ЩľƷǿ̫ࡣ
ĿһڻϺ͵ϻɢżʮԪռ䣬̽Щٶս֮СھҲûзĶֳ˲ֿڳǱ֮ɱšһ߷ɱһѰ˧ͻǣаЦԼӵоοԼջɣ
ǣϲʱʧˣ˼һЩǹе֮⣬ҲûҵŶĲֿ⡣һֿⶼǿտҲǽЩǹеҲкܶ𻵵ģɽЩ𻵵ǹе׼ûȥǿХ޸
һЩķװʴҲЩϣǿХܹЩװһЩõĶµװ
ţ
ͻȻһľг飬Ǹ·Ҳһ£ȻһαʧˣԳľҲֻܹԼľ֮Уȴǿ˿еĹ켣
ֻ˲䣬վĸǰ´Ȼ󿪿˵Ǿߣ
ǣͣ˽ŲаԽ䱸ص飬кǾ衣
ַܹԲףľѾﵽƷɣĿųꡣ
оһǵһα˿ľ磬Ȼǰ鲢ܹˣóЩ塣
û뵽ҡԴ˵ôȻһǿߣ
ǿߣЦ˵ʲôǿߣ
ҡҡͷİ˸Ӧеǿ߰ɣ
ͷǿľ񻪹ͣ
ж񣿡
񣿡Цֻ
ԭô̾Ϣһ
Щ˵ǵУж񣿡
ж񣿡鲻мҡҡͷ
𾪵顣
鵭˵ֻҪܹͨʮ߶кܴϣΪ񡣡
걻òᣬаɵ˶ųΪĿܣǡѵ;Ǵͨʮ
飬ֻǴͨʮûгΪĿܣ
Уͷ٣Ҫ


477 һ˫Ь
Ŷһ귴жϲ;ͨ˶پͻȻһ飬ڵеĴͨ˶پ
ʮֻܹͨʮѾ϶ˡ
򣿡
ǵߵ֯ۼŵеıͫ֡
֣ͫ
ɣм͸㣡
תǱȥҪ͸۾һ޲ھͷɹȥǿֻڵϲߣҲֻøԡ߱˵ڵУ񼶱ֻ΢ǿһЩߡǿǱͫͫ߼ֱǳȻϣǳ༶ǿϼͫ˼۾ɫı䡣˵ɣǺڵģĤİ׵ġ༶ʱ鲻ᷢ仯ǹĤɳɫȼĤɳɫԴƣϼĤɫ
ϼأ
ϼϣҡҡͷֻǴ˵û˴ﵽǸ硣˵ﵽǸ磬Ĥָԭɫ
ĬȻԭΪѾߵľ磬û뵽֮ϻ߸Ѿǿˣﵽϼǿʲô̶ȣ
Ȼһղ˵ڵдͨҲʮԼȴͨһ˵ʲô
ļ
˵ԼõԲԵ磬ܿԵڶ磬ߵһ硣
Լﵽʲô磬᲻ﵽԽϼĴڣ
뵽Ķá顱ҵЩʵ飬˵ڵдͨʮѾﵽ弫ޣ
ͷϼ߲²⣬Ҫͻϼﵽһµľ磬ͨǹؼ

ţǻûбֵľ
ͷѾǳȷԼ粻ԵӦǸ硣ߵ飬ֹϵߵ顣
飬ڵ磬ַʲôΣ
ΣƷżƷżƷż
΢΢üͷھߵƷ˽⣬һ֮ǸŻһҲֻ֪ƷƷ֮ûеȼҲ֪
飬Ʒ֮ûеȼ𣿡
֪ҡͷ˵оﵽƷż۷ǿƲ⣬ҪʶܹͻƸߵľ磬ǸȡΪƷߡ
Իʵտʼʱ򲻾̬𣿡
ǲһҡͷôһҲ֪Щǿ߻Ʋ⣬ڼƷ֮ϻеȼӦǰʶռһƬյģ
գѾ𾪵Щľˡ
пǻźһľߣ
ûУҡͷǿҲƷż
ؿһ۳꣬ȴҲû׷ʡȴһ⣺飬ȻϼߺƷżߣôᱻ壿
̾һΪгԽϼߺƷżߵĴڣ
ɴ۾
ϼߺƷżҲǸЩƲ֮ľ磬ʼûѰҵ𰸡
һһ߻صǱ˧ڱųǱĴţųͷ˧ĸǰĵʵ˧ûɣ
ûʲô⣡˧ѾƹˣֻҪȥһʱûˡ
˵ˣһߣһкųꡣ
곯˧˵ͷȥ˧ؿųıӰӵƮ
û˧ΪҲûᡣ»صǸĸǰǸʵ飬˭
йŻʣǵΨһһƷż۷ͬʱְϼˡ˵ɫùǵȫ䡭
ɫֱüȻֻǡҲûеֵסǰãã档
ӵƮһֱƮǸǰʱſǸǰҲżΪǳķš
üһâ֮ɨȻ㿴Ǹǰһ죬Ȼǵ콥󣬷·߻
齫˵ڣȻ˻һֱ۲ŵĳ˧ɫһ鵱һĶȻһ˫Ь
һ˫Ьһ˫ɫЬ
˫Ьӿн䵽棬˫ֱ˫Ь¶˸֮ɫ죬Ż˵ǵΨһһף
ף˧Ŀࡣһ˫Ьòã
ľԴôһףҪĲϼϡ٣˰ʱŴչôһ׵ĲϣȻʮʱŽǡչŻʴ׺һԽϼջǰˡף˵ŻʾˡҲܵ˼ص𺦣Ż֮£Ű׷˸޳ǵ޸ûüߡ
˵޳ǵࣿһѾ֪˶ٻˡ
ǣͷһֱڹע׵޸ֱǧ꣬űȫ޸
˵˫ЬǰһݵվͰ͸ɣ
͸ң˫ЬЩʵΪʲô
Ϊֻܹʹã
ֻܹʹã


478 СС
ҪҪľҲƷһ˵ǵлбܹʹ𣿶ҡ
鱥ųϣܹΪһ߶۷ˣ
ʱĳѾоһˣ˫ֽӹ˫Ьôã
ָ˫ЬĵײڵײŶԴԶտռһоƬоƬ׵࣬ҪоƬҪһӴǾÿעһξܹ֤оƬתһʱ䣬֮Ҫһιעע꾫֮ͻĬľֻ֮ҪʱԳһ˿ָ
վŵ֮ǰĬ˹Żʵľ
ͷĬϵĹŻʵľ޸ʱ뽫ĬϵľԴʱ֮Ѿû˹Żʵľ
꽫˫Ь˹ĸط;
طֱָźҽϵһӡ֮ϡ
ˣ
ǿ԰סеļ֪ʱԼƽΪѾ˵ҪоƬҪ͵ľҲƷһںսһֱУ˺ܶྫȻָԼľС
꽫˫Ьŵ˵ϣȻϯض׼ͨ硣ֳһƾͨ磬ľʶ
һϲȻԼľѾﵽƷһ۷壬ֻҪٱһιأдľ£ӦܹͻƵƷ
ʱɸ̾ڴľ˵Ũǲ֪Ǹŵɱ˶ˣ˵ľ룬硣֪ԼЩڵľܹͻƵ־硣
΢˼ԼľΪʲôͻȻɽ۵֮ڵõӦúͷйء
ҴʱԼʶ֮ڼǱ͵״ֻ̬һӵʱ㽫ʶָ۷״̬Ȼջʶ۾
һֻЬȻ󽫾ü͸עֻЬ׵ӡ֮ڡ
ˡ
ֻоʶһӴľѸ͵Ǹӡ֮ȥǲտƵȥٵرǸӡǳȡ
һӵʱ䣬ɫͿʼò԰ףľѾȡʮ֮ˣǸӡû˿Żٶȵļ
˿װȥԼͱˣ
ɫԽԽ԰ףζҡҡ׹ʱľʣ˰ٷ֮һģǸӡȴڳȡľ
ڳĶ棬˧һֱڹעų꣬ɫ԰ֽҲ
Ȼ֪ľﵽʲô̶ȣǾƾųܹоܹƲľѾԶԶسƷżľȴҲɫ԰ֲֽ˵ֻгܹʹס

곤³һƣ۾Ŀ¶塣̫ǿˣֻҪڹʮӣľͻᱻȡһɶҾֱ
۾˧æеʵ꣬û°ɣ
˵ûˣֻǿ΢΢ҡҡͷȻͱ۾ʣµһ˿ͨ硣
һγ껨ѵʱܾãһֱȵȥСʱ˧Ҳ¶֮󣬳ָž
˧˶˵ϵ˫ɫķŽâЬҲ˫ȴϯضĳꡣ
˧ǡ˧ѹʵ
˧һ飬ûʲôӦŵؽ˵һ顣űĿĳ꣬еĻһ£¶˼֮ɫ˧Ҳ¶ĽĿ⡣
Ȼʱڵϵֻһ˫ЬȻ˵ǿףǾһǿסһǵΨһһסֻҪһ룬˼
ֹȥСʱʱ䣬͵˵ɫͻȻһ䣬ΧγһȦ͸УϵĻҳ
ͺ˧໥һۣȻǶǾߣȴ֪ͻˡһԵҲɫһϲųעһӡǵʱɫ԰ֽҲһõͻƣ⡣
ʱʶһ֮ǰʶѾһСӱһӣ̲ﵽƷ
ϲû뵽ӡڹעԼľ˥ߣȴҲԼľͻıϡ
꽫ͷ˳ȥоһϲֵķΧѾﵽ˷ԲסȻûȥ飬Ҳ֪Լܹʹʮ岢ɽĿǰľߵʵӦÿԺһ˧һսһռϷ硣ֻŽԼľƷ۷壬Ӧߺ۷൱ĿǰҲֻлͺͿܹѹԼͷϡ
˻۾Żͺ˧˵ͷ⣬ȻͽһֻЬʼע
ѾﵽƷεĹעֻ࣬˰Сʱʱ䣬㽫ӡע˾
ʱĳ׵ؾͽ͸ֻЬоƬ֮ڣɫ΢ľУֻЬеоƬʱֳС˵̬оľ뵽оƬУСͬʱųľʩһСˡ
СҼˡ
оһ֣ԭŵС˽СҽŵС˽Сҡ꽫С˽Ӵ̸оһĪϵӵһ𣬷·ԼֻҪһ룬Էͻ֪Լ˼һ㡣ǣ㳢ԵССң˫Ьôã


479 
ССң˫Ьôã
ˣȻǸСﴫһѶϢǹܷģ
ˣСǱҲѶϢǹܹġ
Сһۣһغܿͽ˵ǵĽ֮дϲֱ̾ĿƼ˼顣
˫Ьŵ˵ϣȻڵϽԼϵЬȥӵһߣȻӵվԼ˫˫ɫЬС
˫ɫЬ̫ˣĽȥռ֮һĿռ䣬ǲֻСģͺ˧˵϶¶Ц⣬漴Цͽǵϣֳŵɫ
ʱѾȫ˽˫ЬĹܣ˫ЬԺһᱻԼʹãҲûбҪǰˡοо˫Ьı¾񻪹Ҫ˺ԼҲס
˵ˣŻܹӳԽϼ﹥ӵȫ˫Ь˫ЬȻֵܹԽϼĹѵֵ񼶱Ĺ
ԣڽԼ˫ŷŽЬ̹֮ͨС˵СΪֹ
𾪵ĿУһ˫ЬͬҺ㿪ʼֻ˲Сһ˫պúʳЬ

кͼһ˫ЬֱͨҺ˳ųĽϷٵӣһʱ䣬һɫĿ׾ȫγɣİ档۾Ҳ⡣
ȫΪɫСͺ˧˶ͣдʱֻʣ˴͡
ʱȴûǣں濴ŷһСʱԼǰ͸ľǶڿ֮ϣ͸͸ľؿǰһС
⻹ʲôұߵľ½ǻһ򡣳´ɨǰ壡
Ǹ˲ŴȻʼɨǰˡ֮ڳʶһܹ߸壬һ塣߸һʵﵽļ
ͬʱڳǰĻչֳ͵񣬽Сܣǰ˽ܵʮϸ
ǳ⣬ûСңһЩƻǱҪġ
գ
ٴ´ָֻϵĿռֻҺ·
һ롣
ųĿֻһ˫ЬͷŷɫâЬЩüٴ´ָ˫ЬҸղŴ˫Ьģ
µЬһܿͱ˳ԭ˫ЬģȻҲʧˣһ˫ͨЬһ㣬ֻɫɫ
ɫɫɣ
ҡҡͷ֪ɫѾ̶ССܹıġ
ϲͳųеЦ
ϲ˧ҲųЦš
ٺ١ͷҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôֻתͷ˵лл
˰ֵлҲֻһܹãҲֻܹ㡣
飡˧ϣĿĲܹǱľܹʹ𣿡
ڻңֳ˲á
˧æֵֻҪûеȼһЩĿס
˧Ļһڣ˵۾һΨһģҲֻгܹʹòеȼһЩĿףҲͿʹˡ
εµ˵ͷֿףÿֿҲŵȼһֿ׺ͳõֿƣҲҪ߲ܹƣֻǷ͹ܹͳǼȡԽ͵ܹʹõĿ׵ȼԽ͡ҵĿƼܹ̼ྫ豸ȻޡǼʹˣҲܹ齨һ׾š
˧˵۾齨һ׾ţսõ
ڶֿʵ㲻ϿףǸǽ߲ε׼ģס
˧̾ˣͬʱ۾Ҳ͸ӵˡ
ˣڵϿ⣬ԼѡһЩɣ
䣬Ŀſȥڿ̳һĻڹĻϳ˺ܶͼ꣬鿴һǰİ˸ˣǸĻѳɰ˸Ļֱͣ˰˸ǰ˸˶ʼͣصһͼ꣬鿴һĿ¼
˸ԽԽ𾪣֪ʶʵ̫㲩ˡССҵССңдռҪһЩϡ
УǵĿռܹװʮ֮һǾҲûпռˣǵתǳáǽֻǸƶʮ֮һϡ
ʮ֮һҲӴ˳дϲ̿ʼѰһЩԼҪģǱȽǳԵ֪ʶ
ûа취
ЩǳԵ֪ʶĵ˵Ҳڸ߶˵ļ
鲻һ߶˿ƼƷٶȼΪ٣ǳҪʲô˲ɡ
ͺ˧ҲóỤǿɲһỤǺܶỤͣš
صٶȷǳ죬ʱҪ˷ЩѰϡԵЩ˽ԼеU̶ˣҲûU̵ʱѾֹȥСʱ
˶Ҫʱ뿪Ԫռ䣬Ͼ˺ܶûгȥˣ֪״ˣҳȥҪ˽뵽Ԫռ䣬˧׼ĻؾͰᵽ
ȻҲֻܷǰﵱԺ󻪹ġʱѾһ㣬Ԫռ̫޴ˣһǵġԣ˧ҲҪｨɻ

ģ
޳Ǹղ˧Ѿ򿪿һ£һǧ޴ĳǱɡЩǱóһ뵱ҵĻأµһ뽫ȫһ֯ｨȫߺ;߻۵ġ


480 ȫ
ȻһжҪŽ޳޸֮ĸ߿Ƽľ齨˲ʵ޳ǣ⽫ȵռ
ı䣬˵꣬ǱԺˡϣܹһ콫ʵɹŻǸΣΪǵе䡣
ռվһ˵Ŀⶼų˹رǻͺ˧Ŀʮֵظӡ
Ϊȫ䣬ջ̫ˣ
ǰЩ˶ţֻҪϰæĻκһ˶ܳΪȫ䣬ΪǸղŴ￴˿Ƽʵ̫ǿˣֻҪõȫ֧֣ΪȫԲһջǸʱе˶ԼĽ¡
õȫ֧߽֡ȫƿء
еĿⶼʼ˸ĿǰΪֹҲֻǿΪһܹ˵Ĵڳ֣ҲûʲôսֻһϵĻ
ܹƿ
ҵĿⶼˣر񻪹ܹ͡񾳽ˣôܲǴ֮ˣ
飡¶ЦݵΪȫ飬޹ذɣ
ɫû˿ı仯ֻǱŻ͡Ҳ飬죬Ц飬ǻһŻʶʱΪܡֻһϵĻı֡ҪʲôṩʲôӦѾǣ绹̾ȻܹһǡҪҲһһս͵Ļֻһ͵ĻҵҲͰˣΥңҪֻ㴢ϣҪǡ
˵͵Ŀ´ֻҪܹҵĶԴͿ׵ɱ㣬ȻЩҲ𻵣ȡ˵ö𣿡
˵ò鵭صͷֻҪҵҵĶԴԴߣҾͻһͨļ
Ǻǡ͵Ц˵Ժʵʵظҵİɣ
Ȼת˧ǣȴûȥһ۵ǱԺҾסĳûɣ
˧ɫһֱŷŭͲʣȴֲұʱ鵭˵סǱƺûҵͬ⣡
΢΢üͷת飬˵Ǵڵʱ̫ˣѾˣֲĿǰ
ֲ㣬ССߣԻس˼֮ɫ
ССߣ񣡡ɫһ䡣
ꡭ
̧һָŻһָһâ䵽˻͵ͷϿգȻͳһɹӽͽ档
͵ɫһ䣬絶Źɵնȥ
顭
˿Ŀһȡһս˼۷壬ݺݵһն˹֮ϡ
ĺʧϣǹȴ˿ǿһһȻһ߶ûնϣҡһ¶û
һ£ЩˣĿ˶顣ָ̧һָ
ꡭ
Ǹɹɵӿʼмܿ˻֮ϣϵ·˲ͱи֧飬ȻͿǹиļ⡣
һ徿жǿ˲֪ǳ֪ԼĿǰʵһź˵ҲҪԼɼǵжǿ
ôһأ
Ǿһ壬ǹߵǰȴͬһ鶹һ
͵ɫˣıˡʶԼѾȫƿֻҪٹӣͻᱻиƬ
꣡
ͳų꺰֪ʱֻгܹΪƺǳسꡣ
̾ϢһǴӻߣǴӻĿǰһԭ򿴣ʱܹɱͣǻʧ
顭
ֹͣ˹ߵиתͷ˳꣬ŻҲһЩжԵˣЩһŻնɱѵҪжԵ𣿡
顭ε˵ĿǰּĿǰֻɱʧ
ûйϵֻҪ޳޸ܶ񡣡鵭˵
˧˶۾һϢ͵ȴǱýĿ¶һ˿˻ݣٴ̾һ飬ǷɡϾڸ޳޸֮ǰֻһ񡣡
ȷҪͷʵ
ȷᶨصͷ
Ͳжԣ˺飿һʵ
ҡҡͷ£Ȿҵ飬ķ飬һֽնɱ
¶֮̾ɫãһ䣡
ָһ˲ʧԪתϵѪ۽ϡ˳һۣ촽䶯һ£տ˵л
ȻһŴԪռڷȥҲﶺ
˧˧˽һж¶֮ɫǺͳսڳʵѾһ˽⡣ھ߷ʵͻ֮ǰѾ˧ڣֵõͻƣѾ˧ڡƾųٶȣǴʱѾǳû˿취
վڳһߣȻʱﲻϳϳݣҲԷԡ
ǣҲŴԪռڷȥǷǱ˧˼ٵŴԪڷȥʱǸϽȥȻ֯ѧҽԪռ䣬ʼ޸޳ǵĹ


481 
Ѿ˼ƻȥ֮󾩽Ļؽ費ֹܹͣԪռֻܹΪԼһҪĻأҲܹûлأҪչͲܹʼڴԪռڡ
ѸڵǿȿԱȫͽǱָ¿ʼ޸Ǳ
˳˴Ԫռ֮˧һ־ӿʼԪռɨսľӷؾǸԵλáȻ߸ܲȥ
߸ڿ£ɫ΢㣬Ǽ񻪹Ͳû뿪漴лȻǰҪֵĿĻûдɣͬʱҲڸ޳ڵ档
Ҷ˴׶ԷĿģҲͷûκηϻֱ˻ң֮󣬻Ȼ񣬳ȻΪȫ䣬Ŀ˧ˣֻǶһ£ֱӿڵ꣬ڴԪռʲô뷨
˧ڳ̽Ҫ˽ڱΪȫ֮󣬾ʲôʵڻ·ѾʮԼĿǰʵͲܳΪȫ䡣
ʵȴƫҪռݸλΨһĽǻᱻѹѹ塣ȻԼȫ䣬ôԲһѵͶҪΣյҪǰ棬ճ뷨ǾΪ
ŵĹŻҲһӾͳΪ˵䣬һһսģʱԼȥ˵ȫͻƾΪ䡣
ԳΪǸȫֶԼ˵һ޴ѹû˿ĺôҪԼʵֻԼʵܹһɽСŻ㹻ĻȨ
˧ԼƲ񻪹ͣȡԼһҪ֪Լ뷨һҲҪԼڻϿֻҪ񻪹ʹʱɫ֪ˡ
ԣʱֵúܵ͵˵ȻǱңҾֻҪǱˡµҲٹʡ
Ļһڣ͵˵ɫһûΪһͣԼı֡

΢΢üͷͺ˧ɫҲһ䣬Ŀ㶼ۼڳϣÿжΪڷȫ֮Ҫˡ
Ҫ޸޳ǲף
˶һ㶣ȫû뵽ûǽͷת޸޳ϡ˧ųʵô˵
˧˵Ϊǻ޸޳ǵĲ𣿡
һӾͳĬ޳ǵЩȻʲôǿȴǿˡ˵˺Ƿֲֺȥң
ĩ֮ǰһЩǿɳĿԱĴ̽ĩ磬ƿصķΧֻǾΧͲӵĲϣͨĲϾͿʼȱ١
Ψһİ취ǲ𣡡˵
𣿡˧һ㶡
ǲ𣡡ͷҪһЩǱάĳǱҲ˵ԭĳǱһ١ϣ޸ǱʱҪĲϹһṩҡ޳ṩ
껰е˼ʮףǾһ޸ǱҪĲǣȻҲǲǱҪЩϸҡ
˧Ŀ⽻һ㶼¶֮ɫûܾȫֳ֧꣬Լ˲Ӧܾܿͻ᲻޸Ǳļǻ޸޳֮װԸԣ˧̵ͷû⣡ҪʲôϣϣܹҲ޳ṩǡ
û⣡˵ǶϣҶ齻ǡ
ǡų꣬¶һ˿ϣľܲṩǡģһ㶼Կ
˵أЦЦ񻪹͡
ɫһ죬ҲʵԼõĹŴȥ뷨ϾֻŻʵԽԽǿȴܹûκĴȥڵʱҲ졣
ڽƷȫƷϵľǾͲܹȫ๫ˣֻܹԱһĹһǾǲ׼⴫˭⴫Ǿֻһ
ʱһкܶûдɣܶûֻһŵļƻһж졣
ʱ˧ֽĿ֮ǰѾЭ飬ǻΪ㽨һ֣ǵһҪṩڶڵҪǰɨ壬֤ҵĿԱİȫ
Ӧõģͷ
ڶҪڴԪռڷһӦһǱ
ֻһǱ΢΢üͷҲΪҾа˸ˣӦõõ˷֮һĳǱ
仰һڣ˧ɫ䣬ɫܲÿ㻪ͻǰԼһˣ
ܵΣ֪Ժдܹ֡ͨʮ߶ųΪǱʣŵҩͨʮѵ顣
ֻҪ޸˸޳ǣԵĿƼЩҩѾʧϣЩװҲܿҵƷҩͨʮ߻ԽԽ࣬һӴĻϣΪҲԽԽࡣͽΪڶеһһĴڡ
Ժվڶ˵ǿ߲𣬶Ǳͫߵļ𡣶ҩԵãҪߵʺʹȥ


482 
ĩʱڣÿ߶ʱ޿̵ѹѹ£ÿ߶᲻ȥԵ״£ͻƵ񾳽ٶȻӡ
Ȼֻ֪гһˣ˶֪Ҳͳ¶һ˿˧ȴһߺͲʡ
У˧ȻܾҪõ˷֮һĳǱԲܡԪռǷֵģǺķ˴˵ľֻɱҪõ˷֮һԲܡ
ЦǿòãԺǿǻҪҳ֡ԣֻ·һ·ڸҰ˷֮һĳǱԺҶ֡ڶ·ǣֻһǱһÿҳ֣ҪһǱ
˧˶˳˼Ҳͬ˳˼Ǻܿ˾ܹ軪Ͱ˷֮һĳǱ⼸νӴֻ͵ռʮǿҡҲΪʱ̫ˣѾΨҶϰߡӵ˰˷֮һĳǱԼδһ¡
鲻޵еģȻܹ׶Ըͣǵȵ˸޳ǵİ˷֮һԴһﵽ˱֪ͫ黹ܲܶԸ˻͡ͿƣԼ˵Σա
뻪Ѿ¶Լ̰ǸʱԼûкùӳԡ̧ɨˣ˧˶ɫء˧˴ʱûأǺͻʹ򽻵һˣڻ͵̰ʮû˸޳ǵİ˷֮һԴ˵ܿȫ泬ҵǸʱҵͻеǹյĽΣԤϡ
ǣѡڶÿ뻪ͳ֣ҪһǱ˵ò˶ã͵õĳǱȰ˷֮һࡣ˧Ѿء
͵ֳһ˿⣬ȷ˧ջԼؽΪȫ䣬ȫԴһͻƸߵľ硣
˾һ˵Ŀ˹Ȼ˵ͬ⻪ĵڶ
˧˻ȻĿҪڳϿЩʲô¶һ˿޵Ц⣬һ˿Ц˧һͬʱҲ͵һ˿
˧ܹλãһ֮ˡȻ֪Ϊʲôͬ⻪͵ĵڶ϶һ֪һЩǲ֪飬Ͼǳسꡣʱ򻪹Ҳ뵽һ㣬ĻѾڣʱҲܹڣֻܹ˧
ͬ
˧һθı˶ԳĳƺӸղųıĿǰվڹһߣҲ̶Գ㹻𾴡
˧ͯ˧һۣͬʱ˵ͬ
˧Ҳ˵ͬ
˧˧Ҳͷͬ
͵ĿһжԳ˾衣ô˵ʱⳡĵλؿһ۳ãҲپ޸ǱĲҪ޳ṩҡ
˧ɫǾܾôҷǱԺҲڻӦκε롣Ժǡǻǻҡ
˧ɫһͣתͷĳꡣǳȴѾִ·û͵Ļһ㡣
ʵʱҲìܣֺܶûĿǰֻһ񰡣նɱ˫ߵһ˲ʶʲôڲµ֮ǰгԽۼ֣Թۣܲѡ
ȻŵǸʱ򻪹ͻԹۣԹأ
Ҿ˧̵ʱͻƵ񾳽磬Ҳһȴļʵɱ⡣ԳֻôԼֻҪһǱµĶ˹ң˧ξٸ档
˧ͬ붨һ㣬̾һã
Ҿ͸ˣһ̽ɽΧȻǰӭӿѧҡ
˾㶼ͳ¥һݷ˿У˲Ϣ
ٽȥ̸̸˧ضԳ˵
ͷһٴη˻ҡһ˿ڣ˵λѾͨʮ˰ɣ
˧˾㶼ͷһûʲôġѾùҩȻһ㡣
˵ΪĻ
ʲô˧˵Ŀⶼһ
ͨʮ˵
˾һ˧΢һµ˼˵ʹͨʮ
ҡͷ֪
㲻˵ΪǴͨʮľ𣿡˧ʵ
ǣͷҲʹ飬ͨʮǲǾͲܹΪ˵ҲǾԵģֻǳѣҪ֮ˡԣҲ֪;ǲǴͨʮȴ֪ˣΪʲôϵϡ٣Ϊͨľֻʮ
˳ţã˧ʵôǲ˵ǶųΪϣ
˵Ŀ৵һ˹΢Ц˵ڴͨʮûʲôо
˵۾һͯ˧˵ǾԪٶȷ˼屶ڵԪʮдתøӵؾˡ
˾ǵͷĿϣųꡣ΢Ц˵ԪٶӾ֤ʵٶڼӿ죬Ԫþ֤ͻƱϵʱס
ô˵ǶܹΪˣ˧Ŀųꡣ


483 ׼չ
ᶨصͷǣΪڵУֻͨߡ
һӶ͵ųꡣһֱΪ߲ʵڳȴͨߡϢ̫ˣ̫ˣ
ӵʱ䣬ҲŴ˹˧ѵ˵˵ġģ
ͷģңֻҪͨʮҩҲܹѵ񾳽硣λȱԴһϿֻҪʳеȵߣгΪĿܡҾ͸λ˵ܹڴͨʮ£ܹ˧֤ǵʾϼѣûʲôԴİҲܹͻ񾳽磬ֻʱ䳤̰ˡ
˵Ŀɨ˵ԣҲͬ˻͵ĵڶԺͨûбҪֻ֡ڶеһԱ뵽Ǹʱ򣬾㲻ĲҲòӹҵֶԸ
ڳĻû˷ԣֻһ٣ǧеһʲôʸ⣿
ǡɫ棺ϣλܹͷĹʱȥͻƵ񾳽硣ҽͻ˻УҪܵļӿٶȡϾ񻪹ѾļǺ̫ࡣҽȥ֮󣬽һаϣͻչء
˧˵üʱ佫Ԫռ鰲һ£Ȼ󶼱չءҺ˧ȡͻƵ񾳽磬ͯ˧˧˧˧ϣҲܹýһͻơ
ص˸磬̽ɣصټһ𡣽ڸ޳ǵĺ˵һ飬غǽ˴ͨʮͻ񾳽Ŀܺ񾳽֮ϵıͫΡ
вζһΪԼͻ񼶱ԵļһҲδ񾳽ֻԸ߼ͨߵĽȡ
ӱʱӵ£ȥ̿ʼչأαչزҪͻ񾳽磬ֻܹһ̨׾ǳɹϾҪһһߣܹһ͡
ͬʱҲɣأ·˹Ԫ齻εˣȻҲʼչأһͨαչؽԼʵһ̨ףһͨҶչʱ俼һ¸Աȵҳ֮󣬶ڵĸԱʼŵҩҪٵʵͬ˱չʱֳĸԱгͷնɱ
ҪԵδսӵزпᣬûʱȥںġ
ӱܿؾͽͷĹ£Ȼص˸磬ʹһŸˡڶ죬Ժɣص˸磬ѡ˸𾩽صĽ裬޸޳ǱĹǿХ˸
һа׵֮󣬳ִǿХ˽ԪռǱ飬ҽܸ飬Ҹ֪飬ԼҪչأڱչ֮ǰǱһ޸ǿХˡ
˵ҪչأԳ˵չ֮ǰһˡͷ˻صסǵȴ죬Ȼ뵽Լķ䣬ʼƺҩ
֮
ӷڳŸÿʮƿҩ˿ʼȥչźҩ˷ܵ뿪֮󣬳ֶԼĸĸͶԼչصʱڰжӹ۲츴磬ָСһЩҩСҲչ֮Ž˴Ԫռĸ޳ǡ
뵽޳ǣ޳֮ڴʱͬһ޴ĹأʿɨոռѾ˲֪ĿݹɨӵƵı𣬰˵ĳ̶ȷ࡭
ԶԶǱȥ͸ûӴ޸ĴųǱȥʱ䣬ǱѾɨøɸɾĿǱԵĳǱȥΧļǱʱҲû˽ſžڰ֡ǱҲĸڰ֪֡ǸĳԱ
ߵ˴ſڣĸ߼˳֮۾һʩ糤
ͷеһʵߵĳǱ˭
糤ǳǱߵһǱ˧ģڶ˧ģ˧ġұߵĵһǽ˧ģڶͯ˧ģ˧ġ
ŶͷľסѡĸǱ
˵ǵЩѾĳǱ֮⣬ȥѡĿǰ޳ֻ֮Ǳɨ˳µĻûüɨ
糤һӳǱڴǿ
ǿǸʲôȥӭȥ
ȥֽ޸޳ǵҪѾ޸ǱҪĲ嵥гˣҽ嵥ֽҲþ޸Ǳ
֪ǿеֽ˧ĵܵܣͷȥɣȥ顣
ǿֿ֮󣬳뵽֮ڣվڴУǰĿгһĻڲͣ棬оʲô
飡
תͷֹ꣬ر˿еĹĻһƬĻм۳һʧ
ڸʲôʵ
о޸ǱĲ衣
ô
ⲻ޳УǱ̵ģҲСġֻҪϴˣһ̸ǿ޸һµʱǱܹ
΢΢üͷ飬Ȼ˵ǱǸ޳̵ģôҪĲҲһϡеģĳǱͬǲǱҲҲҪĲϰɣ
صգգ۾ҽǿĲ嵥ͨĲϣ޳е϶ô᲻֪һ㣡ģǱֿܲ⣬Щ޴ﲢûз֣ﱣ޸Ǳϡн


484 豸
ģ꾪ϲʵ
Ȼģһ׼һݾϲɡ
䣬ʹųǱĺȥ˳Ŵ֮ĸ̾͵·һСͳǱһĽȥһǰһŲ¥Ҹһ¥¥֮ŻӵСͽȺ
뵽Ų㽨֮ڣĿȥʱѾɨʮָɾһЩ
ųֱӳмһ䷿ȥʱǼ䷿ݵĴѾûˣ뵽֮ĿȥĿҲŵȥȴûпʲôͬϸ۲һ£һ⣬һ·Ǳڵĵ涼ٵһЩˣЩӿݰɡ
ڵĵȴƽ⻬һоĲʺʹĲһģһ
ꡭ
˫ĿâڵķԲһɨţȻǵڳѿ¶һ¥ݡ
ȥ¥ԵǽһյյƹϷĵرպϡ
˳¥ȥ˴Լʮңǰһȡһ˳ţһš
棬ǽڶǽͣһһָ·һ˵ŵĸҩƷ
۾һǿյģһսĹˡ
귭һۣĬĬظָһŵŵǸҩҩġ
۾һּڹŻʴ뿪ʱ򣬽Ƕˡ
̲סַһۣа˼ܲܲ
ŵǸȽ
γıûʲô仯ֻĬĬ飬Ȼ˵Ҳûˣ

γ۶÷һ··˺ܶţһǰͣţ˽ȥĿȥһЩӣڼϷһЩԪռ䡣
ЩǹŻϡнŻʲûаǴߡ˵˫ĿǳԻֳ˼֮ɫҲŻʻгһܹصɣ
Ҳһ˿˸Уܹһ䣬ղòƵ뿪Լļ԰ǰδ֪ãã棬һʲô顣
뿪򣬽̫յʱҪ֪ٴΰɣ
Ԫռڷŵǵĸ֡
һŴԪռڵĲϣ󲿷ֶǳûġ˴ԼСʱʱ䣬ų뿪˳Żȼǰȥ
ĵطÿˣ涼ǿյġͻȻһ˿˷ܵҴȥŻĵط
γ۾ͬʱֳ˷֮ɫ
Żʵ֮ذ
һϼ۷ߣͬʱһƷż۷ߡһ˵֮ضԳżڳ˵Żʵ֮ؿʥض֡
վһǰ鱨һóסȻڷűϵİϰ룬Ȼһâͷɨһߡ
꣬ԺŵоƬͻס㣬㲻ܹ롣
Ļ䣬ǰž߻һԲҵĿռ䣬˽ȥܴ滹ǽڶڵŻʵһĲʣԿ֪
ųֱŶȥţоƬ֤֮͵ߵĵطұߵĵط
۾ʵʹá
ѾоƬֻ֤ҪָͿˡڵĸ־ż㻹һһؿʼӦ
ͷоǺ֮ɫüëͻȻһŻ뿪֮ǰʹõǼ
߼˵Ż˵ܹס˼ͺܿͻϼŻֻǰԼ㽨ָ豸߼ϵĸҲֻƲ⡣
ͷ˸˷ܵĹâתͷ˵飬ҴӴ˿̾չˡͽˡ
û⣡
ָһǽϵһŵԡңڳǱû޸ܹʹá
ţͷ۾ֻǰҡ
Ϣ˳ȥҵţ΢Ѱ˼һ£ٲķ䡣
عرգ˫ȴϯض˼һ£ǲҪðգӵһʼ
һ
Ļ䣬ԭڰķһ߳ڿУȻ󻺻ؿռתţڳĶһͼľѨһıʶ˳еһ߿ʼţˡһе߾㶼䵽˳ϡ
˲͸оԼ廹شڵ⣬ÿһϸʼܹоԼڷŸı䡣
̿ʼתǳϾһϲڵԪתȻһΧԪųӿ룬дԪ֮еǳ֮ӿڣһתӿĵ
߸ʼĸǿʱţÿϸԽԽǿԼһ֮ǿȲӡ̿´ָ

ˡ
оһǿʱţķԽԽǿԼһӵʱ֮ǿһαƽ⣬ǿҲټ

һ֮󣬳ٴ´ָļ


485 
һ֮һδﵽƽ⣬ǿҲټھڵԪͬһ㱼ӿֱ졣Ѿ΢ϸųҪأоԼͿҪˣʵ֮ǰ͸оԼѾﵽ˼ޣҪ豸ļļޣҧؼ
ʱѾסһǶʿ߸ǶξߵĸǶУߵĸļǶڽߵĸ
ָǿֶܹãֵԽõõԽࡣֲסʱ򣬾ͷرյָھϢ֮ٽһ
Ǵ󽫺ڵʵ󽫺۷岢ԶضסˡԥطһƿҩڵԪӵȣҩ͸˫£һֲסҲҷʳ֮ҲתԼĹ
ǣʹҲĪڵԪѾͬˮһسˢž΢Сʶų⣬ڳԪóоڼ͡
顭
͸оһ𣬵һ࣬ڵԪһգǵڵԪʧˣǵڵԪˣʱѾһְҺ̬̬״̶̵ֻ̬ʱھͻƵ˴󽫺۷塣
Ԫǳ֮Ѹ͵ųӿʱڳľܹظоǳ֮Ҫ֮ǰˣѾԪʱӿڴ붼ڿеǳֻ֮һСԪ
Сʱ
ĵһαǳ֮Ԫؿʼ۳ɰҺ̬̬״̬ʱѾȫӦ˸ߵǿȡļĸԭǸߵģﵽ˴󽫺۷壬Ȼٻܵѹ
Ŀ˸һ£һҧ´ָ弶
ˡ
ֻһ룬ĿڱǾѪ̿ڵرգ

곤³һаԺ£ֲ̫ˡּԼһӶֲס弶ļ̫ˡ
ϢһʱȻõͻȻȴȥܹ˲СʱӴ󽫺ͻƵ󽫺۷ԭһַǳСͻƣڵһʹָ豸ʱòŻټ֮ǰĴŵõͻơ
ȻչˣͲֻǶ̶̵ĲСʱ뿪Ȼô̵ʱõͻƣ׼ͻƵ˧뿪
ļ
һ´ָһοʼڵһβرǿһ֮ﵽһ塣
ļĶĳ˵ѾȫӦ֮ѡļɲΪ˾ȼȡһƿҩȽ˿УȻӿԪѹղѾܹˣɲļޡ
һʶ˳Լ䣬ȻʼԼ
֮Ÿ߲֮ž֯һ𣬹ͬãóѹĵӣһָֹԶһһô򵥣ò˼ڽһѹեʵͬʱҲһڵԪøӵؾ
ʱڵԪԪתٶȲûмӿ죬ӵ±ʮֻһдתԪھÿǰһͱþһ˿ȵԪתϽ뵤ʱѾʮ־
һ죬졭
һȥȥʱ򣬳ѾʼӦļ豸ҩӵѹʱҲоԼʵѾˣڻᶨ֮У˧ıϽƽ
ʱѾȵƿҩʱó˵ƿҩ˿УȻ¶˼ᶨĹâȡһƬ֮Ļ꣬ŵ˿ȥ
ˡ
ڲ˾ҵ𶯣棬֮Ԫųӵڣҩȣڵӣˢųľһ¡¡ƽ
ڣߵ𶯲Ƶܼ⣬ɾ꾫ﵽƷӵܼ
ɲ֮ȻƲãںϣŵãͬҲ˳꼫ѹ
ѹ֮󣬳ȫӦѹ֮ڵԪøӾɡ
ʵܲųʣһճϣʮֵزҴҵشг뿪˴Ԫռ䣬ص˼ϴһ裬Ȼһʱעһ¸磬ִһ˧Ǻǣ֪Ƕûгأֻص˴ԪռǱĵ֮С
弶
γֱӰѸ߿弶֮ǰڸļĳ̶ϼ˺ҩͲ֮ʵѾ˴󽫺۷壬ͻ˧ߵĻޱȺʵ
ǣʹˣҲ弶ĳ̶ֻҧʮоͲòر˸ߡ
ûиߵĸȵоԼָ۷״̬һο弶
ʱڳ겻ϵعرպͿ弶ţڸߵİ£ֵʱһӳһ㵽ʮһ룬ʮ롭
ÿڹرոߵʱ򣬳궼úҩͲ֮ټԼľ״ָ̬۷塣
Ʒҩĵİ£ʵͻͽڸ¼ֵʱԽԽشﵽʮ롣
ʱֹȥ˶ʮʱ򣬳ڸ¼ֵһӡֵһӵһɲǣĵ﷢˱仯ԭЩ̬Һ̬Ԫʼȫ̬ת


486 м
Դ˿˧ڣ뵽˧ڣʱȻ弶ֶʮӡ
ر˸ߣ꽫˵ڵһССĹ̬Ԫ

һ𣬼̶ǿϲһССĹ岻Ԫ۶ɣȻȫǳ֮۶ɡ꽫һŵһǳ̽ȥ
ոǳ֮͸оԽԭԪٱİ˾ʼ۲쵤״
ǳ֮Χһ㱡İ̬Һ̬ǳ֮ڳǳ¼仺תȫĹ塣һ㱡İ̬Һ̬ǳ֮һϺİ̬Һ̬ԪȻһԪ֮Һ̬Ԫһ̬Ԫ
Ĺ۲ŵڵı仯һ
ǲ̬ԪڻҺ壬Һڸתɰ̬Һ̬Ԫ꼤ǲ̬Һ̬Ԫڻתɴǳ֮
ԭڿռǳ̫֮٣Լǳ֮ԪӣԼǳû뵽ǳһ˧ԶתĹܣԪתǳ֮
꽫˻ϳϲáҳžңŻ档
еıչأʱѾ֪һʹҶ˵ĸġֻ˲СʱʱʹӴ󽫺ͻƵ˴󽫺۷塣Ȼ󽫺ڵ󽫺۷ֻһСûиߣǵһʹøߣҲôصõͻơ
ôǲǻһģ
᲻ڵһʹþңЧҲ󣬻᲻ڶʱڽԼľͻƵƷ
Ѿ֪˾Ʒ൱ľ硣
˾ң˽ȥϥ£ͷϷһЩߣȻЩͷϱ֯Լһӵʱ֯һͷģȻͷ֡
һ
귢ָ̸оԼͷ·̽һ㣬ʶڵľܿγһ޴пʼת
ʱţǸʶڵľתٶԽԽ죬ܹоԼʶڵľڼӿٶѾƽʱһ
һʱ֮ٶֹͣˣƽ⡣ʱĳѾ˾飬ٴηָ
ˡ
ʶڵľתٶȿʼӿ죬һοʼйһ֮ٶһֹͣƽ⡣ԥٴηָ
ˡ
ʶڵľ˿񳱣ֻǹȥӵʱ䣬ʶͿʼͣʶЩ㱡
̷ָر˸ʩȻֳһƾͨ磬ڴľųʶӵ뵽֮Уڽ󡣵оԼľָµʱ򣬱ջľж;ͨȻٴοڵľʩ
ػطţȻһʹøʩЧǳԡȻûǰڲСʱھͻͻƣڵʱ򣬵ܹӵʱľͻƷ
ر˸ʩ֪ʱԼھѾ൱һ硣
ͻƵƷõôһôľַܹԲסڶô˷еļܡмܲǹȥУɡ
꽫Լľͷ˳ȥȴЦõĲϺʹڵһ㣬ľ˻Ѱ˼ţ֪Լջ᲻ᴩ͸ֲϣ
Ӿ߳һµʱ͹ȥˣ֪ˮϵͳû޸ԡңˮϵͳѾȫ޸дϲʹʹϴһ裬ȡˬ·ϣȻվԲ׵ռڡ
Ѿﵽ˧ڣܹСͬʱھҲﵽƷҲܹͬշС
ߵݿʼУʼЩɬϾеľ飬ֻ˲Сʱʱ䣬ܹɵڿзУŸּɡ
ӿص棬ҡҡͷ˧ߵķٶҪеٶȲ˺öࡣ
һδӵϷȴþƿУʶ͸Юɵ˿СоһϲٶҪ֮ǰлҪ졣
ֻһӵʱ˾С
ӿص棬˳˼Լܲܽķмܺߵķмںϵһ
ߵķмߵķмܲͬ
ߵķмԪڽŵγԪ磬ȻԪСǾȫ֣γƶž߷С
ľ磬ֿʼǶٶʯϲ鿴ţһ֮ҵ߷еĹȻֻһֽԪ˫͸γķַֻղűܵʩչеķͬ
ղǽԪӽŵ͸ȻγзСоûʲôԣΪѸղŷеٶȺ͵˧ǱԷʱ˧ķٶһȽϣȻٶȱһЩӦٶȣ˧˧ڵʱҲٶȡ
ʯϵķȴͬҪԪھתʱγ״Ȼ󾭹һ۵˫ŵ׳ȥ
꽫˻ȻʼտʼھоͽԪγ״ǳ겻ϵسԣܹγ״ת˲һӾʧˡ


487 
֪һˮĥҪһ̡չءʱ䣬ܹ˲ھγ״ҳ˫Žŵסڳ˫Žŵ׵˲䣬ԭ屶ľ޴ڽŵɣꡰಡһʹ˳ȥٶѾﵽ˵еٶȡ
˷ܵڿйЦ·ɣ˴˰Сʱ˵档
һСʱҵʱ䣬ʱϢһ£ִȡһЩʳ˶ӡһν翪ʼһһʯѰ
ֹ˽һӵʱ䣬һʯҵһ߷еĹ͸ղų걾ܵطз࣬΢һ¾緽ͿˡԳֻ˼ӵʱȫգٶһЩȴҲû١
һοʼʯѰҡҵһʯϼߺ;˫޵ķй
ֽԪںϵĹҪľܹԪ޲šνԪ޲žܹԪȵ͸⣬γһԪ֡ںϾԪγµķмܵĻ
֮ʧˣֻܹǾֲԪţеʱԪ˫ŽŵţʱԪԴȭͷţʹսʱԪ͸γɵâȴܹﵽ޲šΪҪﵽľܹ
ֻʱȵԼʵ񾳽֮Լò˶þܹﵽľ硣Ϊűȱ˸߳ܶơ
ԼƵҩһҩ䲻֪жԶĲҩƳҩûСŲ֮ûСеĸʩûС
ǱҲкԼµʩȴûԼʩ߼
ҪˣǵУŻʵңʵ˵ʩܹȵģ
ҪԼĹǳõĹǶϵĹ˵ǶейҲõھ棬ԴԴϵظԼṩľһжʹʵܹġ
ĺ羿ĸѾԿ϶ڵ
ҡҡͷ׼ءȴȻ뵽˽µĿסԴӵõףûԹ
̾뵽˷¶˷֮ɫ̽ͨССҡ

ֻµԭֻͨЬͷųɫĽȻɫҺ
һ룡
γһס
ʱĿ׺͵ڴ֮ڵŻͺ˧չʾĲͬǸʱֻչʾףûչʾǴʱԭеĿ֮ϳ˺ܶ๥
˫ۺ˫϶ǹеһɫռ䣬Եʮ硣ʱͨͷڵѾ֪ЩССҿ˫ۺ˫ϵǹеȥʮ־ˡ
˽Щ֮ȻЩҪһڸ̤ˣԼ˭˵ȥ
ǣЩԲȥ飬пһ°̶СС´ָϵͳ
ಡ
˫֮Ʈǰ̳һСĻĻЩ֡
ɨһףռڷٶоŸȼһżǿ΢Ѱ˼һ£аҵҪ⸱׵ٶȾжǿ
Գԥ´ָУż
ξͷ˳ȥʵ̫ˡ
顭
Դݺݵײ֮ϣеĽ϶ǺʹǸһ㣬һӾͲ֪ܽȥ
ǣȻûдܽȥȴһû١
顭
ӱﷴ֮ԴһҪȴǻڷɰǳԴǽصײţֻǲһӵʱ䣬ײܵǽڡ
ǳշӳ˹´ָرշϵͳ
顭
ӿˤ˵ϣһͬһʬһ㡣һӵʱ䣬Ŵӵ
ٶȻ治ǸǵģҪ˰ɣһߴӵһţ׹ʵײɣ
ҡҡͷоԼѾȫָЩһ˷ϵͳγѧˣһӿżǴһʼᡣȵ˼ʱԲ׵ĵط̫Сˣ³Сģջһײǽϡ
ر˷ϵͳͬʱ˿ռ䡣ףʺԼ߼˰˼ԼЩƲסȻܵʱ򣬱˵˼ǾżҲʹáʱֻҪٶȿˣвͬת䡣ܵʱ֮ϣֲ赲
һԡϴһ裬Ȼĳˡһ˳ߣһĥţԼαչؿʼһµʱ䡣ҲӦò˰ɡǱҲӦȫ޸˰ɣ
ӵص׻ص˵棬㽫ͷ˳ȥ˷ԲסȻǱѾȫ޸ϡڳǱ֮Ѿ˺ܶˡڴ֮ڣǰһĻǸĻоʲô
ҡҡͷÿμ飬ڹĻоʲôоĶһ㡣
һɣʱһأ·˹Ԫһʮߡ


488 
һշõĲǾߵķзҲǴڵʯѧ߷мܣͨ߷мܡ
ܿ죬ɵ¥⣬Ȼӿн䣬ڴ¥⡣ڴ¥ĸ΢صͷĸʵȥξļ
ĸǸߣÿ֮ĵһǹۿӰ񣬽òΪ겻磬ʱΪ߲ʶ꣬ӶֳЦ
ԣһӿĸ񣬴¥֮ĸ˲˷ܵ໥˵糤ܹɣ
糤˧ߣ
ھֻ˧߰ɣ߸ˣǲ˵Ǹڵߴˣ
ǰǰ

ڵĻǰ꣬æ꾴񡣳ͷǰƿ˷˽ȥֽŹϡ
е㶼תͷ˹һǳ꣬ɺͿص̴ӳˣ
Ҳˣ
Ҳ˵˵λ£г֮ǰչصɣأ·˹Ԫ֮⣬ǿХˡɣأ·˹Ԫڣ֪̾˵ʵѾͻƵ˴󽫳ڡ
ó꼶˷𾪣û뵽αչؾȻܹͻȻ󽫳ڡ
ӳǶѾﵽ˴󽫳ڡ豸̫ˣ˷ܵضԳ˵
豸
ĿһѵǱлĸ豸Ѱ˼ţһԵ˷ܵϲ˵ôһ˵ˡǱлһ¥潨˴ĸ豸ģЧͲ˵ˡҪȳǸ豸˺ܶࡣ
ǼʹˣҲǵõ˾޴ͻơ
ӱأаڼչأʵҪˡ
Щ豸õʱǾȥϢӱĸĸӱĸĸÿ춼չص˵ü顣ǿʼ豸ұչصĵ죬ӱʹӼˡҲǴ󽫳ڡ
üëһֳ֮ɫأ
صҰսȥˣ˵ҪΪƿסҰս
оһ֣ŮΪľȷʵзǳˡ뵽˽ͯս״
˧ĳǱҲͬңҳҲ˽ͯսҩҲͻƵ˴󽫳ڡΪδ峤ָոյõ˴ԪռڵһǱرæµֻ˼ΣûгأҴȥˡ
ӳʲôʵһ֮˷ܵųꡣ
˧ڣ˵˵
˧ڣȻ˧ڣ˷ܵȭݺݵػϡ
Ǹ˧ˣҲ˷ܵػ
֮ͣ󣬳ʵ˧𣿡
ûУЦҡͷ˧ˣͯսͽҲͲôæˡ
˵ҲǣȻʧЦǵĳǱѾ޸˰ɣ
ţɵͷ
꽫ĿǿХǿǻҪ˷ܣųֺǺǵ˵糤ǱŵʵҺ͹ǴϡѾȫһЩرǿһЩסֿԱ仯״Ŀռ䣬̫ˣ㲻֪
֪ǿ˵ǺԼ˫ЬܲĿףֻƷҪԼϺܶࡣ
ôĲ𣿡ĵʵ
糤㲻֪Լ׵Ҫ϶ֻкһҪѾʼչ͸ֿⲻ⡣ֻҪ䱸ЩͿףǸܿͻǿš
ǿüͷҪɴҪܶĲˡǸĿǰʵ»չҪҵ֧֡
ͷչһֱչҲ̸顣
̫ˣǿ˷ܵػһȭͷ糤㲻֪ɴȫһֿеķɴҪǵ֮ǰӵеɴ߼̫ࡣ
糤ǿĻ㱨һ䣬˵ҲŷǳȽʵҺҩĹҲǴϣѾһҩ
ֻǡһЩüӳǵľЩ㣡
ûǮˣ
ţûǮˣɵÿ춼չĲϣûǮˣ⼸춼ֹͣչ
˼һµǸжˣ
˵ɵüɫ裺ӳǸǷչѸͣѾھһ֮ڡھ֪ǸڴԪռӵһǱ֮󣬶űǸ硣ǸѾӵǧˡ
ôˣ˴üĵĸܹ𣿡
ҪǷǰȻṩϣԼҩʵҺ͹Ȼṩϡ
üĿ鲿˵Ĳҩ
˷ܵ˵һЩҩӣЩӲͬҩΪҩԭϣԣֻҪչˣ
΢΢Ѱ˼һ£бЩȻĩս֮òҩΪҩĲϣѾܣڶʱڲܡΪʧȥ˹ãֻȻһµֵҪµҩµһα֤ʱ䣬ʱ仹˲ˡ


489 󹥻
һֵĵҪܾõʱ䣬ټ϶ЩֺҩԵı֤ûи꣬궼ɡ
ĩһپͳֵɾͳΪҩװѡصеҲˣ˺ܶҩӡŪһ㣬ҲʮָˣʵƳҩ𣿸ҿ
У糤ԵȣվҴҵ뿪˻ҡıӰֽĿɨǿХаҲøһЩˣһ£һȸһԪռ䣬ʡȡҪػصܣ
ԼСʱ֮˵˻аһСӷŵϡСӣȡһԹܼܣԹܼŰ֧յԹܡ
糤лЩ΢Ҫİҩ
ã
һ򿪰˸Թܣÿһ֧ԹڵҩƷһСڡԳҩˮƽܿͶҩһۡ
ȡƵҩջǲҩƵҩЧãЩѡʤڲϳ㣬ܹ
鲿ҩǹ߷ã
кܶʣֻ࣬ҪһС֡
̫ˣ˵˵óʣҩеһֳۣǾ˼չϵʱˡ
ǣһ˵ǽо飬͵Ŷӳ׼
䣬ɵݸ˳꼸ҳֽӹشͷβϵЦԽԽеļǿХװҲʣࣿ
ǣХӹͷ˵Ҫ糤ǴЩ𻵵ǹеͿ׵ƬЩǹекֻܶ΢𻵡޸ĺܿ죬رЩȻȫܹʹãȴʱȱٲϡһЩϣļ׿Ǻ͹Ϊ׵Ļϡ
ã˵˵ǾͰѾоĽʼۡ
ȡһЩ㱨ɢȥ꽫ɣ·˹أԪǿХǸǿХÿһԪռһЩҩ֮󼸸нδļƻһ飬ͬʱҪһЩǱʵˣȻɢᡣ
ڽڣ꼸˵Ұսô͵ʱûӣҲҪƿһڵҰսе죬ǵԪռʱ򣬵ҰսĹٱɶ˳ڿк˧һս
ֻܹڿзеľٶЩԳֻǻصҰս죬͸о֧ӱ֮ǰҪΧָʹ
˵죬˧ʼ½½سˡ
ͯ˧ͽ˧ʵﵽ˧ڡ˧˧ʵﵽ˧۷塣˧˧ȴͻһֱıϣﵽڡ
˧İ칫ڣʱ߸ˣֱڵ˧˧˧۷˧˧˧ڵͯ˧ͽ˧˧ڵĳꡣ
߸ｻδļƻδһҪҪȥһȡսԪռڵĸ޳ȫ޸Ȼװ˵еľӶװ
ڶҪʼȥط֣Ȼʼؽ
̸еնǳɣڲµʱҶͻƣ벻˶ܡ
䡭
˽̸ϣɵĵʱдһ
ҶǳϤΪڹȥǲֹһ﷢ֵ
ֻǡ
εЩ̫ˡ
߸˶΢΢üͷоƺЩͬʵƺӵǿ
ߣȥָģ
˧վȥҲһ·ָģѾæµһš޴ʾǽϣʾŷ֮
䡭
ܼĺд˳˵ĿѸٵ޴ʾɨһɫ
είʵ̫һЩһ߼ʡָｫָΧм䣬⻹صģصʾϿ˻ʼ
﹥УʼҲûмֻһʼʼﶼǶ棬ΪһָߣֻǷ뵽֮С졣˵һǣɰ˸칥һ㡣
ǣβͬ
δ﹥ǵǻʼʮֻʼ
߸ʶĹˡʮʼ﹥ǣζ󷽷һǵۼ
ۼڳˡ
ôĹһλʲôȼ֣
ʱѾ֪ˣڵۼ֮ϻͬڴԪռֻһֻ˫ߺһֻë
Ȼ䣬ӷ֮ڴܳ˶ʮӰʮֻʼ˹ȥܿͺʮֻʼɱ˹ȥ
ǶʮߣŴĻϵĻ棬ЩںͻʼսкܿռϷ磬΢ġ
䡭
һӾȫܼڻ︲˹ȥֱǵ̺ʽ϶һƬӣжɢĲ֫⡣
ڻ𸲸ǵĻУʮʮʼսɴڼ֮СǵʵЩڻڻǵҲһ˿ˡǶʮߣʮʼҲЩڻ


490 
𡭡
ңԶĺ󷽴һغУ˵üëһֻۼĺС
䡭
˵еŷָҵغһͣعڷϡЩֻƾ˵ͶԷû˿вһ𷢳ͼﵽ˷ֵļޣһζҡҡ׹
˧üͷ΢΢һȴʶһǸۼɣ
˧ҲͷֻҪǸۼɱҲͻ᳷ˣ
߸Ѹٵ뿪ָģ̷׷ŸղŴۼеķȥ
˷ɿԶȥıӰϲֳһ˿Ц˧˧ٶȣ¾Լڵõ߷йҲ׷ϾѾͻ񾳽磬һʵı仯Զ˧ܹġ
ǳҲ֪Լܹѡ͵ˣȻԼס˴ԪռǱѾ͵Եˡ򷴶õǿߵ죬ֻиߵʾԼʵܹǿɵ
һɽɵ˳Ľ¡ʱľѾƷȻƷĸ豸ֱֻܹ֮ӵʱ䣬Ҳ൱ڵľ硣ҵٶȵĻھԲ羫ߵƷ
ಡ
ڿʧˣٶ̫ˣ˸оӰڿռʱʱ֡ܿͰ˧˦׷˧˧
˧˧໥һۣεҡҡͷ꣬ԭΪͻ񾳽磬еٶһ죬û뵽ǲ㡣
꺩һЦû߸˺ܿ˷֮ǰִһ϶˧϶ͺһȭ
ֻһȭʹ˷Ŀռ䣬һ޴ĢﱬУܷ֫
ಡ
Ӱܳ˷ֵѷ죬ϵѷѸٵعرա߸˶Ǹոͻƣжһ˷Ҫͷųԣ߸˸ûзУڵǰ˳ȥ
߸ųһУ໥֮ǰʮҵľ룬ȻǸۼ֮ɱȥ
Ƿɱ赲ǰͬǶһ㣬ӰڵӰӿȥͬ߱ĵһʿ϶ǰٵչ
γûʹþȫ˧߳ڵǰ߸˶ûʹñУֻƾԼ˫ȭȺӲ˿·
ֽͬһ߸ȫû˿ͣ٣˫ȭ裬¡¡֮쳹ء
˧˧һ˧˧˧۷壬˧ͯ˧˧ڣ˧ڡԣȺгǰ˾˧˧˧˧˧˧ȷʵǰеˣ˧ͯ˧ͳꡣ
ÿ˶ʮֳԾ˭û뵽˧ڵʵȻܹ˧ڵĽ˧ͯ˧ȼ硣
⻹ֻǳʹݣûʹߵݣʹ˾ǻһοֲ״̬
꣬ʹľ˧ųǿΣ
Цҡҡͷܾ˽˧һҪһأֻһ˸оأŻɵһҲͨⳡս׺ʵԼ˧ڵľ硣
˧ų꺰Ǿ仰ʱ򣬾ǰ˧˧˽Ųͷ˳꣬ҪľϬʲô̶ȡ
ʧǿ˳ҡͷѾͬû˸ұҡͷֻЩʧҲûʲôǰɱ˹ȥ
ã˧ͯ˧Ȼ겻ʹþͼӰѾ׵˦ȥ
Ҫ˵ͯ˧ҲԼЩƣô˵ԼҲ˧ˡܲһëͷСӣ˧ڵߺԼ°ɣ
ԣһ˧ĻһҲŽ˧ãǼӰѾ
䡭
˧ͯ˧˲俪ԼеǱܣȻһ٣ֻȭͷһֻͬͻȺ
һȻԼʵ۷壬˫ȭػͬһſŸڵͽ˧ͯ˧˳ȥ
ڵĹٱܵ߸ˣ˼ĻӱŵҰսսܵıӰֳ˳֮ɫӳѾǿ˳̶ˣ
ҰսĹٱһĿ࣬ǼʶԼ˾ǿȴû뵽ǿ˳̶ȣȻܹµĽ˧ͯ˧ɱ˸粢硣
Ǹ˭ӵĹٱĿؿʵ
ǵ˾ҰսĹٱֱͦţ
߸˵κܿʧ˵ҰУسοʼ֪ԭΪ˧Ѿãڸλ꣬ĹҪԼܶ࣬ƷҲߺܶ࣬似ϣԪıͳ־ϡ
ʱʹ弶ƮƵҲܹ׷Ͻ˧ͯ˧ѵͲ弶ѵͲƮ似
˶ûãֻøҵ似ӲӲǰƽʱرӲӲǾˣٶϳԽ˽˧ͯ˧
üͷ΢һǰĽ˧ͯ˧ıӰ˫ȭ絶ʹƵֻûʹ弶ֻʹƵ
˫絶ղѵغͷ­Ǿ׼ʺһҲûһֱǰƽȻٶһЩǳȴ֪Լס


491 
Ŀǰȥޱ޼ʵͬһӿ˧﹥֮Ϊ޳
޳
ͻȻһޱ޼ʵǺһ㣬Ұзֹͣӿ˹
ƣƮ
ˮ಻
꽥Լεأ˫ʹҲƵҽһ˿ˮơѾȫ˶ںС
顭
θ˳ȥڿлʮףݺݵˤ˵ϡ̴ӵԾ˫಻ػӻȥ
˧ûע⵽״Ϊû˻Ϊһ˧߻ᱻǰЩ˺Ǵʱľ˱ϡ

һȻЩƽʱ˴˿Ҳں˴֮ƽʱ˼ԣǴʱȴһᡣ
֪Ѿѳ˦ûӰˣû˹ע󣬶ڷǰţʱѾ޳֮һ
ʱڳҰУǱڲϢ޳Ѿ˺˫Ʊòҽ޼ѰǱЩأд಻һƻһƸ棬һδգһ಻һƵһƣͬһ˵һǰĻ
οʼӿǰﻹδ嵽ĸǰǺһľ㽫ķɡҾǱһķɵ˿Уȴɱڶٴĵ÷ɵøߣȻȻһѣڿѪɣһƬѪꡣ
һƽһƣһһǰĻ·ɣ಻ľ÷׷ױѡ
ǰֱǰƽһƽһУ¡¡֮ڶ˺֮ٶԽԽ죬ͬһ̹һغֱײӲȺ˳һͨ
ؽ˧ͯ˧ıӰڳҰУǳȴȻδҲȷʵûпʱȫ˶ˮƵУ˫ֻǱܵ˳Լ򲻶ϵػ
޴˧ͯ˧һ𣬲ɻͷȥɵ˿У˿ռ䣬Ȼ˭
ǲÿҲ֪ǳ꣬˲Ŀࡣ
ꡭˡ
¡¡
Ӱ˳ıӰҲ˳಻˫ƣڳղžߵһ̣Ƿ·о޴ĺǵӿ
ɫһȻӦ˹꾹ȻԽôУ
ѹեԼȫǱų׷ȥ
ʱڵԪȵӿţһתţ˫ƣǲͨԪǳ֮
һĵǱܹȵ
ԳʱʵȻ罪˧ǣǵĿȴԲǽ˧ܹġԪĴǾԲܹģڵĺǳ֮ھҲǽ˧ܹġ
һ۵Ǳܹ
ԳһıҲǽ˧ͯ˧ܹȵġ˧ͯ˧̶ľʹˣǺͳ֮ľȴԽԽ
ڳǰ˧˧˱һ޴ĺ˹𾪵ػͷȥֻڿ·ɣȻ飬˲𾪡
˭ǽ˧ͯ˧ʲôʱ似
ܺ˭뱻ԽһԼʵǰȥ
޳ռݵ̫ˣһֱǰɱСʱſǸۼ˧˧һݷɵ˿Уͷ·Ǹۼȥȴ˧˵ĵ˶նɱֻۼóߵȥնɱֻۼҲܹ߷ʵ
Ͼ߸˵УֻгոͻƵ˧ǰȴǵۼڣ൱˧ڣҪȳ߳һС硣
𡭡
Ǹۼ̧ͷصſе˧˧һС
⡭
㿴ķ˧˧˹ȥĽ˧˧˰Χм䡣
˧˧һЦΪ⣬˫ȭչһֻֻӿк䡭
ϡ
¡¡˧˧ɱ˹̧ͷ˿е˧˧˱ҲϷһԾɵ˿к˧˧ϣ˫ȭչʼɱеķ
䡭
һƬ֮·ɣһӰǰͬһ㽫ӲƷ
ʱûע⵽еĴ򶷣Ҳûע⵽ǰ治ԶǸۼȫ˶֮Сܲ˵ǰȥ˵ǰһۼǳԽۼҲ᲻ܲ˵سɱȥ
¡¡
ľǸۼӿ˹ȥǸۼų˹ֳһ˿䱸зоɫϢǿƺҪһЩ
𡭡
һҪꡣǳȴû˿ķӦɺ¡¡ѹ˹
Ǹۼ¶֮ɫֻڵ͵һɣӴӵԾſѪżĳҧ˹ȥ
ãڶ򣡡е˧˵ϳ״˫ȭһӣǰ÷飬αŵϵǸۼ︩ȥ
䡭
걾ܵһƿǸۼͷϡ
𡭡
Ǹۼҽһξڿһ٣ǳĵڶѾ絶һؿ˹ȥ
䡭
ĵڶƿ˵ۼϣǸۼϿշǳ˫ƸͣͬʱҲܵԾΣ˫絶һһնǸۼ


492 δƲ
һһһһͬһ˵һˣˣȻĻǸۼϡ
ʱ˧Ѿַɵ˿УȻųꡣ۹Ȼܹ似ǿв˸ֻ̾ǳɱһֻۼȴû뵽꾹Ȼܹõ
ںͷＤĿҲĽ
ϵն˫ƣѾǸۼ߸ߵĿУӵͬһĻǸۼϡ
䡭
ǸۼﶼûüҽһڿбѣϸСĲ֫Ĵɽӿ
һƺ㾡˳۷һ֮ͣλ˵ϣ۾
ಡ
˧˶ӿ£Χм䣬ΧͿе﹥Ϊ껤
䡭
ңԶľǸһĺǶʮ߽ʮʼɱ
𡭡
еﶼǸۼﴫѶϢȴûеõ˿ĻӦһЩ
𡭡
﷢˻ҵĺȴûǸۼ˿һﳹ׻ͬ˳һź󷽳˻ٶҪȽʱҪ٣ҡ
䡭
ܿ죬糱һײˣ˲ͽû˧˽Χм䣬еײȥͬһƬ󣬶˧߸˾ͬһµм䡣
¡¡ﱼܵ۾ΧΪˣֳм֮ɫ˵лл
꣬ˣ˧ϲ
ǣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ߣɱȥǼϼһܲҲһ£˧󷢵شЦ
ãʱΪλҲ˺

߸˷ЦչһųһУžǵķɱ˻ȥ
˫ϵػ˫ƻ˲䣬ͬһХг˷ܣ֪ԼѾˮ֮һ򣬴ﵽСɾ硣Ҳ֪Ҫ޳ˮ֮ǲ̫ˡֻһȥסһʱ䣬ͨı仯Ҳܹˮ֮ͨ͸
Ƶܹһʽ귴ʹʮʽʮʽһ֣ˮ
߸û˿ͣٵɱ˾ǣȴҲûһ˵õ˿Ķ򡣽뵽ǣ߸ܵ˾ڹٱͰյһ
߸ֱ˻¥ϴһȺ뵽С޳͵ȼоǷԤʾŽ޳ĵȼ᲻ϵ
ÿжܽţΪЩ˺Ͳ˽ĩյѰٱͰղͬǿ֪ǿʲô̶ȡ
ԣ߸˺ܿ¾ۼڻУ޳˷Ѿɢÿ˵ɫء
Ҷ޳ô˧صĿڡ
»˧˵Ҳصصͷ
΢΢üͷһģ²ô죡
ޣĿⶼ˳ꡣ
λ˵սӽ磬֮ңûмԽۼۼﶼķǳ١֤ЩﻹǷǳңԶҪﻹҪܾõʱ䡣Ҳǻ֪ӡҡ
Ŀɨ˵ĩսٲǶǣҲˡ߲˼ȻңģǱҲˡЩҲҪʱӦĩ磬ȷԼڵλȷԼأȻҪʱ֪ߵ顣ԣҾǻʱ䣬ҾĿǰĵ˲ǵϵ
ϵ˧ųꡣ
صصͷʵҸоԵĴ󲿷ﶼǵϵֻĸƷ
˵ͬʱ˵ĩս֮󣬵˱죿
ܹ˵Ǳ죬Ӧ˵ѣ˼˵
ѣ˧Ҳ˼
˧˵λ֪ǽǴǧĴ壬Ǽоһֱһ˵ĩ֮ǰǵϼûʲôرǴŷո˹ҵ֮ڼٵؼ٣ϵĿǡΪʲôԽԽѵԭ߼Ѿʧ硣
˧Ȼ˵罻֮һɽѣ࣬ɽ緢ݻ˺ܶ๤ҵÿȾԴͷ⵽˶ƣҪһ棬ŨǵʹеԪŨȴΪӣⲻ࿪ʼ˴ΪߣҲЩϵõ󣬿ʼǵѪ
ǣصͷЩԽԽĩôȥĻҲ꣬Ҳǧ꣬ЩǿϹǵЩҲɳΪֲĴڡ
˵˧üͷ¶ȷǻɳΪ
˧һ仰ڣڵĿһӾÿ˶üͷ·أˮһûѹ˴
û˵ЩĲ˽⣬û˧ִĵ̣֪š˧³һûܣЩ񻰴˵ǿѨ硣
ҪΣͯ˧üͷšһ
˵Ŀ˳̯̯֣꣬ʾԼҲ֪˧̽˵֮Щܹ֮ΪǻۡǾӦǿƼֻҪǵĿƼܹطչ߿ƼкЩֿ


493 ϣ
˧ҡͷĿƼѾܷˣջǱˡ߿ƼܹܴãȴԲǾԵáͨӰѾˣǸʱڵĿƼǿﶼûлǵҲ˵һǿһ̶ȣ˵ǳΪƼѾ˺Сˡ
˧˼
ߣ˧ᶨ˵ֻ·ϼᶨƵȥΪǿĴڣΪǸֿĴڣܹȥ
˵˧ĿֱųѾ֪ĹŻϼȴɱƵ˼԰뿪˵Ҳͻϼﵽһ߶ȣӦóΪ񻰴˵еɣǸʱֵܹЩ꣬ǵ̫ˣʱڡʱûŨȴᣬߺ;˫ޣҲܹͻΪ䣬Ϊ񡣡
ɫһ̶¶һ˿Ц˧ˡ
˧ϵų֧꣬㣬ֻҪҪģǶᾡΪṩֻϣܹسɳǿﵽ֮ǰǸɳϣü
һ˳ĬãĿüᶨһᾡ
ã˧˵صͷȻĿɨ˵Ҫܹļ顣
е˶Ǿһм˧
һǶȫչƼѾӵеõǸʱڵĿƼҪ̵ʱڸϵĿƼˮƽȻһչܹڵƼĻϵõһչһݱϡ
˷׷׵ͷܹĿƼȫգܹǳµӵдݻٵѾ֪ڳԽۼﻹһ֣Ǿǳ
ǳ֮»ΪżֱӦ񼶱ľżǳΪ߼ֱӦͫ߼ӵĿƼϿȫ˵ĿƼȫݻǶǳҲ˺Ч
˧ľȫ֮չƼһߵĵ·
ڶǴչȫҪĹֻгΪ߲ܹΪҵĹܹĴԺҪϸһ¡
Ƿ׷׵ͷֻȫܹߵĻӴֻߵĻӴܹǿߡ
ǲܹԴУҪѹռ䣬ҪѹϵЩĿռ䡣ֻĿռСˣֹܹǱǿٶȣӮøʱ䡣
ж˧˾һͳ˧ô̵ʱͽδչļƻ
ļҪ·ǣռĶԽѾռѾȶĩ֮ǰΪռԽӷѾȫݻ٣Ǳ·ǣȡϵϾȫս
˧һ˶¶֮ͬɫż˵˵˵㣬ѹЩռ䡣Ҫ飬ǾʹؽҿʼҼƻǻϽ˸Уÿжŷ֡һڷ֮ڡͼѹЩռ䡣˸еһľǣĹģڲϵС
˷׷׵ͷЩڵľӺһֱڷ֮ɱÿɨһķΧҿľͻὫչɨĿռֽϵžǵķΧ
ڶԻ͵ĻɽΪģͽȥɱ˻ʣУƻġеĽͽˡÿ˴һҰս￪ʼˣֻҪȰѻؽѷֵĳʼ״̬֮ǾͿԷˡһɣڷ˺ֵķΧиҰս𣬻ٴߡֻǵܵɵֵĸ߼ϮʱǼȥͿˡ
˧վڵͼȥҲ׷վ𣬸˧˵ͼ֮ǰ

˧ָϵصһط˵Щ󳡱ڷֵ֮£ΪҪЩ󳡡
˷׷׵ͷ
׼󳬼зֱЩطӵеķɻ࣬Ҫǣ·ֻͨ½·ǰ
ףҲʱǵ״
һ·ӦûܶҹڸصפǽǼͳһָӡҲŬ֮С
ǣ
ʱڽæµжȹ
ҿвȫоĿƼѾĩǰ屶ľڣѾؽ˳ɵĹǱһвоɹ̿ʼ
ȫһµĿƼƷչʾ˳عȫʿϣе˶ͶΪĹ֮С
߻ͨˣڷԼһӺ߶ڷɱڲϵ󣬾ǽųзչͨ˶˸ÿһֻ˯ĸСʱȻƣǾȴڿ״̬СΪÿ˶ֻ֪ҪǶһĻͻһ㡣


494 ͵̬
ڵ٣һжڻ׼У༴ʼﷴؽ԰
Щӳ˴ԪռǱжԼ¡װҩָ£ԵĿƼյٶѾ˹ҿвǱڵĸҲʼת˴ƽ񣬿ʼҩ͸װ
ԱѾһˣǱڵĹ֧֣ҩṩڵгԱ⻹Ŵʣ࣬ĳԱװҲһ¡
еĸԱ䱸һ֧ʱڵĳǹһ׿ףȻЩ׶ǵ͵ȼģҲĩ֮ЩǿࡣǿХҲѾʼƵڶס
ӱЩһֱڵҰսγ꽫ŵҰսǰΪĽС
꽫׼·ǣҲþͻռķɵ˿أ·˹ԪԪû̫ķӦΪѾ꣬ڻ
ǣغ·˹ˡһɹζźܹܿǵĹȡϵɵһζзĻᡣβԣȷʾҪڻع֮ǰΪһͬʱҲԼĽ飬·ΪҾߵʱҪѡһЩϼѵ߽븴磬ϣܹ硣
һ굱Ȼͬ⣬׼أ·˹Ԫţڽ֮󣬾Ԫﵣ糤
ʱ겻ɸܹ̾Լ˻̫ˣӱھغ·˹뿪Ԫǰθ糤˾ֻʣɡ׼ڰ˴󳬼ж磬ǻƿصĳҲ⣬ȴûʹáֻжڸڶһЩĵ£ЩĵѡһЩϼѵص
Ϊ飬Աչ˼죬ڵĲҩ˺ܶຣҩֽԼڵĵҩֻһ䣬Ķɡһڵʯѡ˼ֲͬԵĹɣͬʱҲƷɣеĳԱ
أ·˹Ԫĸ˷ǳʶȤԴӽ뵽Ǳ֮󣬾ʶرܿҩװԼ鴫ڸǿХ֪ʶʱ򣬸ǶԶԶġ
Ѿ֪Ϊ꽫ǵȫ䣬ΪЩ֪ʶڳģûгͬ£ǲ˽ȥ̽顣̰Ҳ
һա
ǳգٴ˾ǡѾŻҽɽΧﳹҿԱǰɽ֡
˧ϴλ֮ѾʶδĳĺпܳԽǺͻͣΪĵһˡҾôõദǶڳƷҲűȽ꾡˽⡣ΪһֵεˣҲڴܹسɳΪ䡣
ԣڻ͵֮ʱʶѻӭ͵ĵص˴ԪռڵǱ
ɣأ·˹ԪӱǿХſӭӡ
ԶԶأ˧ŻǱ˹͵дһĨ𾪣ȻεúܺãǱľķ
͵ȴǷǳ𾪣û뵽Ŷ̶̵£˧˧ȻͻƵ񾳽磬ȻֻһŲ࣬ȴѵһ
ⲻӵعעԪռ䣬βҪȷԼĳǱڽЩԱػɽ֮󣬾ͽɽһн£ԼһǰｨԼĳǱھܡ
ӿн䣬˳꣬ɫ΢΢һ䡣ľ磬ȻܹʵΪǴӳϵϢҲܹоѾͻ˧
һǵ͹ǱֻжʮɣŶ̶̵ļ꣬ʹһξͻƵ˧
΢Цų˹е˵꣬ڼ߶㣬ʲôʱȥɽͰ
ǰؽ֮һǰݷã
ǺǡãϵЦݸӵСתĿڳǿֿǿߵɫһǿεسŻʩݼǰ
͸ûǿʱȻ˵ǿǺͻ͵ĴŮôȴ쵽һ𣿲ɽĿǿǿɫӵΣҲ֪ʱǿʱ򣬱ŻƵǰ룡
һʢĻӭǱھУ֮ڳĻУ߸˺ͻͿʼδļƻ
˧εؽԼĵƻ򻪹͸¶ܵͬʱҲʶӽڻǸ߸ϣӵеڽɥʧ
ӵŻΨһݣѾڣ˧˧Ѿͻ񾳽磬ҿƣ˧˧˧ͯ˧ͳҲڲõĽͻ񾳽硣
ĿƼû˿вĿƼȻɶûвѾ˲вơ
͵ȻϾʧȥԼĵλаԾҪ޳ھ֮⣬ҲڱϷŵһ̬ҲֻһϾǻһλڶʱڲı䡣
ǣֻһı䣬Ҳ˧ϲյдҵĻ̸ΪǢ
˧˧΢ЦſڣǸոտڣ㱻΢ЦŴϵܹٳƺ͵Ϊ˧ˡ


495 
ţ˶˻͡
͵Ѿ˧ˣˣٳƺ͵Ϊ˧Щײˡ
ɫȻҲû˵е˧ʵԻǰ˼
ҿͲɣҪֳƺͨ£ҲΪȼһơ
Ҫ˴ﵽ˱ͫأγƺ˧Ҳʵ
ͽĿ˳֪ûнܵĹǸȼĳƺ
ͷ˵ʲôǾͽʲô񡣱ﵽ˳༶ͽ񣬵ϼͽ񡣡
ⲻͽˣһ̯˫֡
˧΢üͷ˵ɻЩװﵽ˱ͫ񣬶񼶣ͽ񡣱˧ǳƺΪͻƵ༶ǽֳⶼǲЩظ
ظЦǺǵ˵ĳƺֻǱΧڴﵽߵĳɾͣﵽ֮ͫ󣬱ΪѾû֣Ҳ˵ѾߵķΧҲﵽǸ磬ѾԱΪ˰ɣ
ԣеÿ˵жֳ֮ɫ

Ļ
֮󣬻ڸ޳ѡһǱǱλ˧ѾΪĳǱԱߡ֮±ſԱ뿪˾Ƿ˻ɽ
ڽ֮󣬳˻ǿɫǿΡǿǸһҪĳԱ껹Ǿȥһ¡
һ߽װǿ꣬Ͼֳһ˿Σӭų˹ȥ糤ǳȥ̸ɣ
ţͷת߳⡣
˾ڴŴ̨ҲȻǿԼ̸֤ǿѾ֪ԼҪʲô£ȻٿڣΨеǿԼ˵
ǿ̾ϢһȻſưƣ¶˼ʹ֮ɫˣ
ˣ˭ˣоһ˵Ů
ǿûֻصͷӺǿһֱǰߡĩսٵʱûü
ٴ˳Ĭãʵ
ĩǰһԺģСһ𳤴֪ҵ飬;οңʱ䳤˾͡
ǿɫֳһ˿ȡǿļûʲô˼ģܹܲʹһӣȨȥ׷ԼҸæһӣȱչһ°ɡ񾳽˵ء
ڵҩܹͨʮѾ˵ҸһЩҩͺҩǿĻнͷųâ
ˡ
뿪˾ŵҰսٱʦһеʦãţͨѶţӣǧӾٵߣһǧߣ꽫ǧٵߺ͸һǧ߱һʦܹ˿ʼԶ
ʱѾԽǰԽӵغ䣬оüѡо죬пʼƮ¶ëѩ֮һƬãã֮У¶ȼ罵͡һ·ڿʼʱȺľѸٵ𡣵Žӽżҿڣ￪ʼ·Ҳηĺ䡣
죬žŽӽżҿڡ
żҿڣ200ǰڴ˷Ϣ5000ǰƵۡ׵ۡȡ¹֮Ϸɽл֮ȺӡżҿڵشɹŸԭıԵĶԴʮһ·ݳ³ѩȳһϣĩ֮ǰʱ¶ȿԴﵽʮȡ
Դĩսһ̫ʧ¶Ƚһͣʱ¶Ѿӽʮȡʱֵʮ֣Юűѩӭ̹ǡ
һ쿪ʼоøӵؼѡһǿ͹۵Ļɣһֿʼҳ˷ЩＸܹͨľſʼ
ſʼͣͣͬʱɳԱһǰдֹͣоڱű㿪ʼڻȻ󲽱ʦʦſʼرʦڸ˵ʤȻҲӿֳܶߣĵҰսߵԱǧ꽫ǧ߱ţΪǧ߹ٱ䱸˺͸Ŀ׺ǹе񻪹տʼյǹеܹܸеĹٱĿ׺
սбͻľǸһǧߺšûɫһǧսп˿֮󣬾еϹۣõƼеĳǹɱʱ򣬸˵Ŀ¶Ľʺޡ
ǧٵ߸ûֿ׺ǹе絹ǿʼĿףǸ߰ļ۸ȴЩͨЩŸϵĿ׺евѾҪ븴˼
ھ졣
ðŷѩһ·ɱĵҰսһѧҺ͹ԱŴżҿڡ
żҿڻʷפĳС
żҿڵפ195365عȫͻΪʱΪϴĺ󷽣1969վѣżҿڳ˷յǰߣ7ʦפżҿڣ195ʦżҿڵıʱʮҵżλ193ʦ194ʦ195ʦر3ʦر4ʦ14ʦ68ʦ7ʦ״ڣḺ́ԺУ1969굽1985ΪʱΪйפĳУפܶߵĳС
207ʦΪ1985פҰʷơֱӲżҿʱ˵սʱҪżҿڴ˹ָʽӢ۳ǡĸ￪ŵĴϹ𣬹̱1986껹żҿڴɽ


496 մ
1981껪ϰΪй֮ıҲй֮żҿڵľ޺ڣżҿڵĹƷ37׸ں56ʽԶǹżҿڵĿ7ʦȻװ7Ĳӣ2002ٴλװ111995ԺʽţΪһʷĽ
ڴþ֮żҿҲפصء
65žפŶ193ʦĦлʦǰǺպĺһʦפ
194ʦҲĦлʦսװѷפء
վ7ʦһҲżҿڣʦڱװSU-27Ĳ֮һѵս൱ǿ
һ֧װײӣڱӡ
ĩս֮żҿڵ65մϸͻƵ˧ڣ̶һٽżҿڵ½ͿվͳһһΪ˾
غһӵп׺͵ǹеѹڴĺ棬·˹Ԫһӵп׺͵ǹем䱣ſѧҺͽֵ豸ʡӱŸһǧڴǰ棬ŵҰսеĸ߲Աڿ롣
вûнżҿڵפչµҪ֪ͨżҿھǰְȻ󾩳ǻὫͳһŲżҿפ󽫷𽥵żҿ󾩳ǳ֮С
żҿڴʱѾ˷أԶԶżҿפͿ˳ľããѩżҿڶһ߼ʡоֻǿһۣ֪ҲһҰսı
մ׺ܿͳڷǰԶǰȥɫ任һ¡ȵţӭѾλˣ
ǳصĴ¡¡ش򿪣մ״һڹٱųųĴХ¡¡嵽˾Ұսжʮҵλͣմ׶ϲû³ǷԸߵһ󽫵ȥ˭֧ӣ˧Ǽ˧еĳһ̻֪ͨңҽӭӡǼλ˧øǰҡ
ǣ
Ǹųǰȥ󽫻һߣһڡʱڳǰӱͨ죬Ƕģġ
Է̫ˣչӭӵľӾ㲻ڰ֮ͣҲӦʮ֮⽫ͣȻͽ߹ֱӽ嵽˾ֻжʮ׵ľ룬֮Է³ֻһԼ
ǳӣҪʲôҪ
ʱǸѾߵ˳ǰĸǰϴһ˿ưΪưʱһһڣԷĲ˧ߣԼһȫʸӴԷ
ĿڶŮ˵ϣԷҲŴ󽫵ľΣвмƲƲ졣ԲΪǰƯŮ˻һ󽫼ߣ϶ԷֻǾǴ󽫡
ǼʹˣҲʮֵزŮƾʲôϴ󽫣˵ŮˣҲûС
ΪƯ
̶ǰ֧һư˵ʹ·ӣ
ҰսȻȵżҿפܸˣ
żҿڴûлش⣬üͷĿɨǰĹٱҰսֻҺˣָ֧ӰɣѾͷϽҪȥѣ
䣬ӱǰҪӱмӲȥ
ֻжʮ׵ľ룬ڳϵմǲһƲаԭǵҰսֻԵľӡ˵ԼѾ˧ߣûͻƵ˧֮ǰֻҲûǸԼȥоӭȻˣоϵǰңĪҪӣߣ֮ǰҲЩ˼ɣѾ˧ߣǺ˧һεߣ㻹ǹԹԵعɣ
Ŀ͵ԼǸ󽫵ıӰеմ׵ıҵıӦǿӲСѾͷƬӾȻ˴󽫾ΣҰսѾ˹𣿡
顭
մȻͣǷѩ۾ŵǰ
ǰ
Ǹ󽫴ǰӱɫһ䣬Ҳ̫ˡûбӳٵͬ⣬ܹôȥҰսķţӱķţ
˵ɫһ࣬һΣͬʱǸ󽫵ļײ˹ȥ
Ǹ󽫼ӱĶֳŨļȻҺҽϾͲײǷ۵ļ
Ǹ͸˫磬ӱײ˹ȥӱҲ͸ŶԷײ˹ȥ
ǸżҿڵľǴڲӱǴ󽫳ڲǲҪˣżҿڴ󽫴ͨʮӱͨʮ˵ӦһڣǺһ󽫺ڽҲֲܹܡ
顭
˵ļײһǸֻüһʹξͱײ˳ȥڿɳȥʮףصˤմ׵ĳǰ
ҲӱŭˣûغͶԷײ˵ʱڵϵǸ󽫣մ׺ЩҲһŵĿӱȫܹʵ
մ׺ݺݵصһ۴ӵǸ󽫣϶Ǹ󽫼ŮӣûóһŶ˴ˡ
ҪɳһȥȴӶĶ߳һһۣȻ˵վļ̫˰ɣǲҪ㣬ſ³
մ΢΢۾һֻԣɷЦ


497 
ֻԼմ˿ڳϣһ㲻ɳʱ򣬶Էһ󽫴ӳһֻһЦе˵վǴ˾ˡ
˾ֻԽĿǸ󽫵תɰȻڳϵմףɫ࣬ȵմףģ
ֻԵӱһƣһǧ߾еǹеԶ֮ǰֻ뵽ĩս֮󣬿»ָӸݵ״û뵽뾩˽żҿҲ⡣
żҿھ뾩ҲͶٶʮھǵвܴմ׾ȻԷ˾֤Ѿȫżҿڵб֡
Ҫʲô
췴
ɫʮֵ࣬ȻضŶųϵմס
մ׶ֻ飬ɫû˿ı仯ֻڵŶֻԡʱߵֻǰǸżҿڴЦе˵⵱ȻģҲûʲôóԾģżҿڸŹͬľΪ˾ѾͻƵ˧ˣ
ֻɫһЩԤϡȻմͻƵ˧ڣҲմΪżҿפ˾ҲҪԷ⡣մԷѾ¶Ұġ
մײ֪飬ֻ֪ǿӰϣĿµ־塣
в£ҪȫŽᡣմ׵ڷ
ϲ˧ֻϵմ׵ءɫһ򾩳ǻ㱨˾Ǿ𣿡
ԭմֻԵĹأлһ˿⡣ǰѹ˶ԷһͷֻԼأǸ
ȴû뵽ֻԵĺǳһ̾Ȼ˵ʲôϵֻԣ˧ϵ鲻һܹ֪ġ
𣿡
Ļ䣬ֻԵһʵȻһ˴ֻԵ˳մ˹ȥ赭д˵ҿ㻹ɣ
ʮ׵ľڳ˵Ҳһգ۵ʱ䶼һֻץ˳ϵմס
մŨüһųץ˹ͬʱմ׺ͳ϶ֳһ˿Ц
ڽӽմ׵ͬʱһڱܿմ׵֮࣬ײڶԷϣմ׵ֱ۾һ飬ʱ򣬳һֻѾץסմ׵죬һᣬ㽫մ״ӳڸŵ˵ϣȻſ֡
顭
մһָɣһȭŽߵĳ˹ȥʵܲˣԼһ˧ߣ˾ȻһһѴӳԺҪηڣ
ûоԼǳĶ֣Ϊĳ̫ͻȻһԼ˵ĸо
ۿһֻȭͷԼٶ굥һ絶һʽˮ˳ȥ
䡭
δմȴоԼͬ޴ĺûαطĽŵֱֹס׹ƣ鸡ڿСҡҪڿסʱһӰѾĸǰ
ȥɣ
һֱȣñֱͬһִĸֱһ㣬ӿгմ׵ļϡ
顭
մ׵ͬ׹أݺݵˤѩϡ
˾
żҿڵľٷ׷״ӳմױ˹ȥ
顭
˫չͬһ糵һؼתȱ󽫻˳ȥݺݵˤ˵ϡ
մ׵ԣעѩϵմסմ׵۾ЩʧЩܲˡԭΪԼͻƵ˧Ѿǻļ֮һȴû뵽һˣͰԼûл֮
ѵǡѾˣ
㡭˭մ̲סʵ
꣡Ұս˾국˵
ꣿ˾մãȻظųĻ
˧˧Ѿͻ񾳽ˣѾ֪մ״ŵʲô˼õķ룬Ǳȹҳ˾ĵλõķ룬Ÿݵ뷨
ǣͬʱҲ֪˰ԼУٵ֪˧˧ѾΪմǵС˼Ӧ
Ȼմ׵Ŀһ䣬Ͱ͵˵˧˧Ϊˡ񡭡
ֽմ״ѩεżҿֻ·ŸΪҪ񡣵Ǵһ̻ؾְص˾ǣ׺ܶ顣Ѿ׼ؽȻѾΪ˧ߣһ˾λһ㣬ҲһиҪ񽻸㡣ϣܹؾְ
ûҪմΣҪĸ֣ҪŽᡣҵմ׻ؾӰ죬ԼӦʲôôŵһӾ˵մһľơ
ʱҲѩҲ˳Ļһ¶˼֮ɫ

һôʥĳƺһôĴڣ
򣬻Ҳƾһ˵ܹһƽƽΪֻһ
Ǿһ񻰣
ǣ񻰱ˣ˧˧Ϊ񣬻ֶ񣬻ֶ񻰣
Ҳ˧մ׸ɰͰ͵ʵ
˵أЦе˵
Ǻǡմ׸ɰͰ͵Цų꾴һ˾65մ˾
һվǰһط׼죬ѩ̫ˣ
úúã֮ãմ˵Ŀﻰʱ޲úͳһϸ˽һ¾ǵ״


498 
żҿڡ
մ׵һƬӪõҰսפ65Сʳżҿڵĸ߼ٺ͵Ұսĸ߼һá
Ʊյҡ
ҵУؽǵ״һ飬ͬʱҲི˳
ʳҵսմ׵˿ʼʶĩղŸոտʼϾ١֮ǰԼǵС˼մ׵вɫǺų֪꣬Ҫ˵ʲô
żҿЩ߼ٵɫ΢΢ͷЩ˻ž˵ķǣ֪ʲôˣӦʲô
Ʊ˴һȻֵֽżرǽ˵ĿƼ֮Щٵ۾һҲմ׸ǵʾڳ뿪֮Լ̻ؾְ
Ϊʱÿ˵жϣƵ˸֮߳ʱСʳõűƿˣһٿ첽ߵմ׵ߣ˵˼仰մ׵üͷ΢΢Ȼ˰ø£ЩĿ˳ꡣ
СʳһƬžеĿⶼۼմ׵ϡմ׳˵˾һСӣܹʮˡǶ˹ˣΪ׵ľ˵ǸԪ˧Ҫҡ
Ҳ΢΢üͷͽüͷչν˵ȥ
ãȥһͻ
˵꣬ư𣬴СʳȥСʳڵĸٿʼ˽ֻԳ˵˾˵˵Ŀʲô
Ƿһ˿ЦݵԶ˹ĿƼҲӦƳ֡ǵȻҲҪһЩСѾǰͼ޷Ҫǵİͼˣ
ڳɫһ䣬ĻѾʮ˹ҪԻ
顭ֻһӣһȵôĵӣЩ˵𣿡
ûʲôӴСģ˰ֵУԭеһжѾˣ硣絽»ֵʱˡ˵˹뷨ҹҲ뷨ֻ˹жеǰˡ⣬˹ǵĿƼ̫ˣ¾ҹûо֣߷ֵĵȼܹܵͣ󵽽еĵزĩУӵŷɶǾ޴ġҲǸûǻᷴԣΪֻҪһʱǾԶԸ鸽ǡ
˵ĿɨżҿЩ߼٣Щٵвһа˼ţǳǡõǵͶ˹żҿڻ˶˹ǿҲͬ˹̵ܶ
ջĿ⣬˵ˣҹѾƳ֣һ˵żǵĿƼֻԽԽǿĸӦ÷Щ仯ˣͶ˹˫ۻˣȻ
Ŀ˴αϣһɨ˵ĩΣҴʱҲʮ־£ҪŽᡣֻŽܹӦΣӵٸߵĿƼҲΪȺ塣
żҿھ˵Щ죬Գ˵л˾̻壡
ˣ¸ЦݵǱ߳Աߵվɣ
ԼһСʱ֮մ˽һ߻Լλո£żҿڵһ󽫴ʵվǸʲôҪǵ
մɫһʵô֪
ǰþĿ⿴һ۳꣬ȻתղŵǷѧһ顣մһһߵϽرˡȵԷ֮մų𾴵˵˾
ҡҡͷûֻǽĿմסմһӵëӣ˾˵ûҪżҿ˹İͼǻֹˣҹûзӦǻͼȫ˹ҵܾȷ߸򣬶˹Ҫ뻪һǻǼĴ
üͷɹŸصפأ
մ׵üͷҲ΢΢Ӧòʲô⣬ļҲϤëУ˽ҲУѹҹƶ˹Ҳڶ˵֮С˾
մ˵Ҷɵΰŵģ
ɫҲɹŽỮ󾩳ǡǵķֽɹû˿⣬ڵɨɨһΧ־ͻһΧؾְ㲼һЩ顣ǽȹ֮ҲŽͼļƻ
ãմȭݺݵػϵ˾㿴ǲɳ֧СȴɸפأǵһЩϢ֪ǡҲܹɹŸפе
ãİ̽УøפָҲ̻ؾְһ̴塣
̰ţմ˷ܵ˵ɫЩε˾Ҹ߸ҹѾʼؽ԰ʱᵽ㡣˵Ҳ˧ߵʱҪ㡣
΢ЦûиѾͻƵ˧
ûУմ׵ɫӵεһ˧ڣֻһոͻƵ˧ڡ
Ц˵ǸҪĿҪҵʵɣ
ǣմε˵ΪҸɴؾܾ˸򣬶вҪҹһ˿һ̰ճŭ˰ɣҪͨפ߳٣һкŭһҪһɣҡҵʵǶ֡Сǲܹ˹ҵˣ


499 Ϣ
մ׵˼ʮǸĶ֣׻ֻгˡ
Цŵͷưǲܹÿ˵ȵ̫ãھȥɣ
ãһȥ
һСʳеľٶվҲûоܾǣȥ
Ըʱ򣬳·𿴵һֻ׳ܣɢѪ֮ʮֵǿ󡣲ȴżȵġȻֻ˧ڣһͨһ˧ܹһֻͨʮ˧һ𣿱˵һ˧ڣһ˧ڣ궼Ľߵʮֲܡ
ӳһţȻʮˣǳĿ⻹һ۾˸򣬲Ϊм䣬Ѫ֮ǿ
ڳһڵ˲䣬ĿҲͬһ˳꣬վֱų꣬Ŀеսڼڡ
мԭƽĿͻȻ˲ͬһͻȻ𣬴ط˳ȥڵĴ
Ŀһо˳ǿͬʱҲһ˿ɡʲôʱ򻪹ôһԪ˧
ų֣ǳ˧
ҲŸ֣ǸԪ˧
飡
ֻյһ˫֮ײֻ˲䣬˶о˶ԷǿȻ˫ûʹȫȴԱ˴˵жϡ
һоƺҪҪǿһЩ漴ͷежϡ
ôܣ
ͳǸ䣬ܹΪ˧߾ͲˡôܺԼ˧൱ԼʹضԷʹ˰˳ϵ
˫òɿֳ֣΢ЦԪ˧֪ûкдһµң
֮ãҲЦе˵Ȼһֵ룡
룡ҲƣŴ֮ȥ
ڵʮһ˹ŲϴŽԺɫǶڸżȵġ
ٳϡ
ããѩϣԶڳվŻľ٣ڸվʮһ˹ľˡ
ԳʵųһƵ룡
ûоܾһɴ֮ˣԸΪ˷ʱ䡣ȻҲȥռıˡ
һһŸȥƽƽһȭ˳ȥһȭû˿Σƽֱȴô硣
úã
ڳƽƽһȭȻȥ֮Ķ顣ӭųȭͷҲƽƽһȭ˳ȥ
Ҹû˿ֻ˲ͽԼ۷壬Ҫһȭܳ꣬óЩٿװףĩǰĩպڻǰϴ
顭
ֻȭͷײһ֮ϵĻѩ䡱һƮĶëѩ˲仯˷ĩ·ɡ
˿̤ͬ˻ѩһ˶ȥĿһû뵽ʤ
飡
һŵأµĻѩϿշҪһ֮ųȥȴɫһ䡣
ûŵŴطͬһƬһƮѩ׷֮УӵټѰ
ѸٵؽƸĳƣ·߷һƬһ㣬ƮݵĻ˹
̫ȭ֣
һһȭӭ˳֡
顭
˫ĳ·һƬһƬŸ˹ȥ弶֮ʩչ͸оԼȫһ֣һ֮з·һʱش̽һֻֻצĻÿһ̲ž޴
顭
ص˫ȭ¶һ˿϶һִֻӷ϶̽˽ȥĻϡ
ηڿлʮڵ֮ź滬ʮףͣ
û˿Ļţȴʧ𾪡ΪʱѾͣûżһ뵽Լһ˧߾Ȼĳܣͱʮָӡ
ãֳʶȵ΢Ц
Ͼȡ
桭
Ӱڷѩɱ嵽մ׵ĸǰһ﹥ͺأ
ȻתߵǸʿĸǰ˵ϸ֪ģ
˾ͺ˾ں棡
˳ָȥڷѩ֮Уʿһʿﱼ˳մ׵ĸǰǸʿžһ˵׳ͺܵ﹥졭Ҫסˡ
Ҫ˵˵ϸһ㣬ģ
Ǹʿʹش˼ڴǰӿɹţ֪ж٣һ߼ʣ·ɶЩסˡҴһıͻΧԮֻһͻΧ˳ˡˡ
ʡ֪ʲôʱ򣬸Ҳ˳ԣǸͺصʿʵɵķûд
֪ǸʿҡͷҲٲˣκһηǳ޳˵ĸоɺɵ
˧ҪϽ뿪ˡϣܹ֣
ã̵ͷɾڵǸɵȻڱ߽ϣ׻޳
Ǻã¸ˣ
㣡
ܿ죬ʮӰʧããѩ֮СվھӪĴſڣŸʧıӰ˵վɵر֣


500 
Уմ˵һǿţǧսʿߡ
ţͷҹյǵĿվܹж𣿡
Уմεҡͷ
Ǿˣȵѩ֮ͣ󣬿վж
ǣ
Ǹǿ̼оǧߣ˫߾źϲһԴ죬ǰͺءŵ65ҰսֻԴ죬·ɨɾű߽ȥȻǺͶ˹֡
ǣ
ܿͱִȥһһǧڲٳڼᡣŵϵĻѩ΢΢üͷ
ĻѩκγߡԼܷɣ˲ܹɰüëһԼֻһһǧߣǴ󲿶ӣͨˣתԱߵմ׵лѩ𣿡
УפôûУմ̷Ըʿʼͻѩ壬һСʱһһǧӰʧããѩ֮С
һֱнڶǰ棬ȴǽ̤ѩ塣ҲǷУѩǵϡѩڳҩİѾǻʼڣ䱼ܵٶ糸ǻҪ˼һһǧߣѩĻͰһһǧ˦ûӰˡ
֮
˿ʼΧЩʮ𾪣ȻһЩӣɫĳӣ̵Ҳһ׳ǵܹһҺ壬ֻҪЩҺմͻ̱ˡۿһ׶ľͳҺ徹Ȼһȫ
ϵ࣡
һӵеǹеǧ̸˰ڵ࣬۶һ棬˵Ķ˲ǽȼ˳ӣܿʼӣЩ߲ͣźͺصķӶȥ
һһҹ֮󣬳վѩǵĺѾ˺ͺػءʱѩѾֹͣˣһ𽥱ʵ죬авӿʼж˰ɣ
΢ͷ˶ĺͺػأʱѾŰΧֳһ˿΢ЦжԺͺصפָһ˿塣
ڳҰУͺػشʱΧһȦ߸ߵĳǽ֮ڣֻһȦǽשʯǣһ޴ı齨ǡУַǽķҲʵİ취
ǣҲ˴ʱصΣաЩ̫ˣԶԶȥͿгӣΪɫѩɫ͵ϵĻѩһģҴʱǵȫѩظǣһֻֻ䶯ԶԶؿȥ·䶯һ㣬ëȻ
ЩӲϵҺһУȴӱǽ·һͨǽϷıеıѾɣЩ˳űϷ䶯
˳Щȥ
ߺһ߶ѩźͺػسȥЩ߶Ǻս֮ˣǧӵеǹеһǰٻУһȵĻ棬Щӵ֬νžžؾȼȻŷѸٵӡʣµȻûеǹеҲųǹܵĳҿ
ǹһ죬̱úͺػڵĹٱˣԭѾΪƣĹٱһ֪˭ȺһԮˣžһƬԮˣ
Ԯˣ

˸ͲսӿȥͺñһѷĵһйѸٵؽӽųǽ
ֹͣ𣬲Ҫ˱
ȵ¡¡ѩԭϿ𵴣ȡһսⲢսХ޸һԵսƷҪƷ̫ࡣ
˻˻˻
â˿һ·ĳӣѩǵֻצҲ֪̤˱϶ֻӡҲսͬһ޴Ľ¡¡س˱
ͺפʦųĿ¶˲ţرǳĳ̫ˣûмһܹԦһֱҿֻѩǵϢƺѾԽ
˭ôܽһֻԽǻʲôʱһӢꣿ
ಡ
һýӰӱϳȻ˻֮ڡĿ첽ųȥܱߺţ·ֵܣ
δӿ£˳߳ĺȵҰս˾Ԫ˧ͻǰԮ
ʲô
ĵӾһ򣬲ˤڵϡǰ˾ȻһԪ˧
ļٵģ
̫˰ɣ
ಡ
ǿһӢĹٱӳǽ£ؾصվڳòšرԪ˧ƺֱӾһ13ʦʦ֮˾
һ񣬱ǽ֮ȥ˵һ
˾ʿѾһ룬Щ̫ˣ
ҪڰֵܿвӾͻ
ĵϾһϲſվİæػɺܶࡣʱһѾ˵Ĵ£˳ǽս
ս𽥼Ӿ磬ʮʮ˷֣մ
ɻ
ɻˣ
ǽ֮һƬһɻʼ·壬һըӿͶһƬһƬỤ̃ѩܼĺըлѪˮȻбͬһ㡣
ը˰СʱͺػΧ鲼ӵʬ
诣׼һ
ǣӳ
գеķɻʼԹը
ɱһѩֱӴӸ߸ߵıǽ֮ȥ
ಡ
һ߽̤ŻѩӱϳȥԶĳȺ˹ȥʱڽΧѾû˳ӣ㶼ɻͶը


501 ˰
ԭΪһսȴû뵽ЩӿʼˡŲһ·׷ɱ˲ٵĳӡǽسɫࡣΪЩӵĳ˺·ǻҵӴܡ
ֲóųӳ˵ķȥӳ˵ķǴ˰롣
ӳӱеԸ˵ЩӺżɣָӣ
ͷ΢һµ׷Щӵٶûǿ죬ֻҪԣ̳룡
ţ
һ߷۵糸ųӳȥҲ˼ηˣǳ˼ӷ˾̳룬ͬѩоһԶȥǹһŲ׷ɱ˹
֮ڽӽ˴˰롣һѩǣѩͣŴ˰룬ʱЩȫʧټ
һȥѩһӵټ
ѩǵĺǰɽ·ͷŲ˵ţȥ
ǰľ̫Ѱˣ˰һƬžǲ֪Щӽ˴˰룬Ϊû˿ΣաۿЩӽ뵽˰룬ȴû˿ټôо޴Σգ
ԳǰµĹٱֲҪ
꽫ڵԪ۷壬ʱ׼ȥȫչɨΧĵľ
Ŀ΢΢һľУѩ֮¾ĳӣ߼ʡǳ꾫׵ľ룬Ҳͷû˿⡣
ľоȻûзһֻӣ㶼һµĳӡ
ôܣ
˾޴ĳ泱ôһֻĳӶûУ
ʱξѩ֮µĳѾһԶͣ˽ŲŴ˰ϵľǣǲǷɽЩѾһЩ˽⣬ʮη
һ£ԭ·ءѩǵĺϡ
ӳʲôǰʵ
ǰѩ֮¶ǳӣüͷ˵ȴûзһֻӣһµĳӡ
صɫһ㶵ⲻ
ţҲòȻ䣬Ȼͷ̺
Щ˲Ϊʲô̸ų۵糸һź󷽳ȥǵ󳶵ĳŴ˰ӿ
ӳǴɷģӱһ߻ͷһ˵
ӦǸˣ
֣ͣԶԶȥЩͬһŴ˰ķӿȥһ˰ʧ١
üëһͷ˳ȥܿھ׽һֻӣֻӡֻӽ뵽˰Ŵ˰ʧڳľ֮С
ֻ̾ľѾ쵽˼ޣǸѾܳľַΧ
Щϵĳڸʲô
Ϊʲôֻһµĳ
ʱǵǰѾʧеĳӣһжƽֻŭ
ڰѩ֮УһӰٵطӶĿ֮ԼҲǧˡ̤Żѩĸǰ档һ۾Ϳ˳꣬ûʵ̫ˡһͷѾ׵ѩǵϣɢŻʼϢ
Ԫ˧ѾˣµһƬѩǣͣ˳ĸǰ
Ԫ˧Ҳòشк
Щأȥ
Ԫ˧ѩǵǱߵĳǲҲ˵ģҼмɣ
ɫһǱҲǣ
ǣصصͷ
ЩܵȥˣĿŴ˰ȥ
ǰĻѩ֮£˵
ѩ֮£ɫһ䣺ж٣
ܶ࣬ȫǣʮֳء
Щʲô˼Ҳüͷس뵽Ϊʲô
Ȼһղžڷֵ飬ֻϵĳľ磬µĳӸЩϵĳԶԼľ磬ֻһСֳǱڻѩ֮¡
ôЩĳӶȥˣ
ǵȫˣʲôĿģ
Ԫ˧ǲǲŻɽ
Ԫ˧ص˵ҹ۲죬ڻѩ֮µĶһµĳӣһһС֡ϵĳӴŴĳӶŴ˰ȥ֪ʲôĿģ
ʲôɫһ䡣
üͷ壬չô˵ȷŻɽ˵ֻǲ֪ܲܽЩ
ҲüͷҪǻǵһȣȵ˫Ĵ󲿶ӵ֮ж
ҲãͷԪ˧˽Ƿ𣿡
ҡҡͷһȥ֮ʹžе߾̸ˡԪ˧Ǳߵأ
ҲҡҡͷҲֻ˽ͺػڵɵҲ˽⡣
˫ʱפһóһЩɾѩˮСʱԶԶһӹٱĿһȴֲǺͺصľӡ
żҿڻеһǰȥȵֵĸӵģ
פںĵ71ʦֵĸӵģһٸص
פżҿڵ65
˫߽żҿǸٽפںľٴ˳ǰ·ϵʱ򣬺ǸѾ֪ǵҰս˾һԪ˧ǵ˳ʱ򣬻𾪵ôͣٷḻҲû뵽ᡣ
ǽž˵ı֣ų꾴֮ҲŸȻںֺܵһ顣ʱ򣬴ҲһӶ˹ϵĹٱŸͳ꾴֮Ҳɵĳֽһ顣


502 Żɽ
͸֮ɫû뵽˾޴󣬳ҪӪ⣬С;ӪͰվסضڳиûе˾㶼ʬûʣ£һաǿ˰
½½вͬطľӸϹлһж˹һġÿһ֧ӴϢ˵ĳ˹ȵס
֮еĲӶ˹һۼ˰ˣ˹Ǳ߾ۼ˽ʮˡ
ʱѾص˶˹һڼŸ߲㿪ᡣҲڽŻ顣
Լһ֮󣬸˻פأ֮󣬿żɽ˵Ԫ˧սҪһָӡϣָܹͬӡ
΢΢üͷںָӵͷǾ־ƵʱԼȸʺָӵλáΪž磬̽鵽Բ֮ڵһе١ǣֲܹ͸˵֪Ǿߣ֪ž硣ܣ겻ܸ߸
øָӣԼָӴҪǲԼĽ飬ջҪֵ𡣶ھΣ֮ʱ»صԣһ£ջ˵Ԫ˧ϣָ
ɫһ̶ϵ˵Ԫ˧ҲûȨ˼ֻ֪ʵǿսǸ˵䡣Ϊҵָˮƽʺָӵλá
ףҲϵŸ˵ҵĿĶһΪҸʺָλá
ҡͷҲܹҹʮϡˡֱԣ̫ˣ»ûָӹ˴սۡ㵱ָӣǶʮʿΡ
仰Ѿ˵úܲˣĻص˼ǳԣǾǲγ꣬γһָӲܡȻһ˧ߣ˧߲ζӵԪ˧ָӲܡͲָųı˵һ±ˡ
վڳͿصֳ˷ŭ֮ɫָӲǲֹһεؼ˵ܹ֮ڣȫǳָӲܵµĽΪ֮ңȻٷôףȫƾûгָӲܣ硣
ȻܹоɢɱͷҲصذ˰֣Ϳصסеķŭǳȴû˿ķŭȻ˵úܲȴҲΪʿ룬һϿȷʵһԪ˧
ǣⲻζųͻὫȨȥΪΪԼʺָӵλá˿ɫ֪Ҫ˵ѱȨԼˡ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾ϢһԪǾ͸Ϊսɣ
Ԫ˧ɫࣺùʿЦĽ͵ЩʿᱻϾ·ͥģ
ɫɺƽͣ˰ֵԪ˧ǻһսƻɣ
˫Ŀų꣬ģǾԼѵָѡѾʮˣСսҲָ˲٣ָӾҪȳࡣǿųƽɫԼ˵ꡣ
Цһ£аСӣʧ޴֮󣬾ڵʱ򡣡
뵽ĿһͻȻɶƵظֳһͷ۽ԼЩ֮ǲ˳ֽЩٱҲˡȻٽɵȫռ죿
ðɣθɴصͷҵļƻȷŻɽ
ţͬ⣡ͷ
ȻȸǲһŵͨʿɽȵһŽ˵еĳ֮ȫЩӡ
΢΢üͷǸɳһֻĳӣûнеĳأ
Ǿڸɳһţᶨ˵һɽƽһֱеĳɱ
üͷøǰͨʿڻң˰жܹжٳ㲻ͬҪٵͨʿȥһһεĵڻҲʿʿЦ
ΪյʤܵǲߣǾˡܹΪһ㹱ףǵҡ
δҪְ취
ʲô취
ָӣ취
У˵ûͬİ취֮ǰֻܹҵİ취
Ҳͬʿְ취ҲãͨʿҲãǶͬļᶨ
֮˳ĬոҡͷǾͷֱɣڷŻɽ֮ǴӴ˰Ŵ˰ͦǻͦ
ؿ˸һ۵ãףˣ
ףˣת뿪˻Ӫء
֮󣬶ͻɳ˲ӿʼŻɽľΪڿĺХ֮£ܿ˰ͱһƬ𺣣ڼٵӡ
֮УѸٱգʮȡߵ𺣵ıԵӽ𺣣ŵȥ
ʱĻѩѾȫڻľУЩӴؿʼϢͬʱЩϵȼյ֦̽Щӵȼܵȼ
һϲѸٵסȻһ𣬱㿴ĳӿʼ˵صףȻصǿǳǳȥûѡص֮ЩӾͿʼҺ壬ЩҺ̾ͻӲıһһؽ档


503 
ľЩӣɫرܶ³ıڻĳǳ꿴ЩĳӶһµġЩ߽ϵĳıȴܹɽȫڻɽ
ⳡҹʹɽҲûϨֻ˳ɽ˸Զ
ͻľͬʱʼɽͦܵѩѾڻƮȵ
žž
żȻϱ𻨣ܵľǽڡ
ϵǽڵĳʬ壬ҵɽ翪ʼؽеɢر£ϵѩˮ˱±û·üѡ
ľһֱԶԶ˳ȥŽµЩӡһ죬ɶʬ壬ûЩŵ߽ϵĳӡ
콥ػ谵ϵӪǣȴһص⡣ЩΪǴæս·ϵʱϷŻɽʱ䣬Ѿȥ죬ϴŵĸѾĹˡ
ص鷢ˣûʳˣ
꽫ӱأ·˹Ԫе˸ǰѯһǵĴԪռڴͳһ£ܹ졣㽫Щⷢȥ
죡һ⣬һɽһ棺¶ǱҲûжʳˣ졭ܹЩ𣿡
ΧʿʼˮһоϣȻһЩӽоһðƮζ
⺮ҹܹһȺ˵ľһ
Ϣһҹ֮󣬵ڶŰǰнѩһֱǰ棬һֱǰӡԼ˰գʱʮ֣һֱƽĿ΢΢һ䣬ľڳ˻ŵĳӣʱЩѾƱԶԶؿȥͬѩһ㡣
Ӫ췹
굱´ֿʼѩˮ⡣һֱעԶЩӡЩ˵У˳֮⣬û֪֮ųӴڵȴǡ
Сʱ󣬴¼ᣬ꽫еǹеߵǰ棬ЩŻʿҲǰ棬ȻʼΡ
СʱЩڽ˵
ಡ
Щȷ˽һһͬһų˼˹ڱա
˻˻
һҺӳӵĿų˱˹
𣡡
һȿ۶˰һſеĳ˳ȥҺɢ䵽˳ӵϣеЩ̻һӿ׹䡣
ۡ
ǹеͻ棬ȼ˳ӣγһƬ𺣣赲˳ӵĽ
ţǰ𣡡
ԵڵϣʿһǰԾܿռǰء
ա
ǹһǹһܼӵЩӵķѡ潥Ϩǰͨʿ̶壬ĳ𣬼ڶŵʿͷһȣһγͬһֻֻӥڿзӣܿͳ嵽˲ӵǰ
ʱЩҲʼϷžӷ˹
𣡡
λڿУеǹеѾ档һߴӿ£еǹеͻ档
ȼܻ棬һȼյĳӴӿе·ǰռ䶼һ硣
ţϣ
ԵĹٱٴγ
ա
Ŵսƽĳӱ𣬵ƽٶȿʼؽΪӵƷԽԽߡʱǿʼԵѾǰ˽׳ڵĳӡЩ˽׳ڵĳӷѾúǿˣȻֵ˵ǹеǻҲм˺Ƕڻη塣ǶڵϵӵȴżǿķѾǼӵܹɱˡҪʮǹܹɱ
ʱڴ˰һߣҲͬսƽҲһŵǹеҲֹżֻ࣬дԼһǧ֧ǶʿдŴĻƽٶҲ
ʱȥ죬Ŀ֮ɽѾȫϨֻǼԶŨ̹һڵľͬ뵽˵
Ȼ䣬ӱһ󻶺ΪǵǰҲû˳ӣ˵ĳӣǵĳӶûС
ֻгɫվӱأ·˹ԪʱĿⶼվмĳꡣ
ڳҰУǰһƬѩףǱ㣬ӳ߲ʵĹâ·˰붼һ㡣
ǳľ翴ʮǱ֮¶ǳӣֻǳӵɫѩʮֱӳâĳӡ
ӳôˣؼüͷɿʵ
ǰı𣿡ʵ
ˣص˾㶼ͷʱЩĹٱǰ˳ĬһҲ˽еǹЩŵ˳ꡣֻԺմҲߵ˳󡣸Ҫڣȴ꿪ʵǾͲ𣿡
֣ص˶΢΢üͷͻȻصüͷһ԰һ·Ͼĵط϶ڻˣûںҲǱһ㣬¶ɫǰЩƺܺΪɫ
ʱڴ˰һ࣬ҲվһƬԭ֮ǰԱߵһ˵źͿһĻ
ǱĵºܿųӣЩƲ˵
ΪǱ¶ǳӡᶨ˵


504 ʳ
Ż𣡡
Ż𣡡
ߵĳ͸ͬʱǹеͻͬʱ棬˵ǰֳһƬ𺣡ڻ֮Ȼһֻֻӣȴ˲һ棬Ȼֵ˻𺣡
Ȼгӣ
еĹٱжһ𣬵ͬʱҲһɡΣյ״ǷֲЩӣһǾͲ⡣
һŻ棬һ߼ǰǰ˰գüͷ˵ǰرıѾȫڻˣȴûмһӴܳ
ڳ˵ִһ󻶺ЩٱǰΪѾȫ𡣵ǳȴôΪ۲֮ǰĳӣҲǰ˽׺۷壬ЩŽϵĳȥˣ
꽫͸ر֮£ɫһ䣬ڵرʮһ£ľŽϵĳǱԼֻҪһǸǾͻӵص
Լ룬ȴûа취ǱڵصĳӣⲻóΪ
ڴ˰һ࣬ʿҲڻҲֳЦݡл¶һ֣һͨʿɵſʼǰؽ뵽ҲûзֳӵټϵЦڷŴֱ̧ҪǰȻһӵص״ܳĳӣһŵʿ˹ȥ
˻˻˻
µıҺڱգֻ˲ǸǾһʿ˱
𣡡
ɫ䣬ȿ۶İһ漤ɽҰĳӣ˲һƬ𺣡
һ֮˴ĳӣµĳ˵صףһŵʿҲȫһ˼£еâ˸һһ֣һŵսľǰȥ
һࡣ
ѡˣѡĲͨʿߣʵǿߡ꣬մףӱأ·˹ԪҲѡУϵߣÿжŵǹе߶ǴӸ;ѡûдѡ⵹ûУϵߣΪûпƼ
꽫ָȨֻԣȻǰнǵֻɫǵųıӰǲĳմףѾ˧ԷУӸס˿˵еľʧʹˡ
˶ߣнٶȷǳ죬ܿǰҡȻͣס˽Ųȵ׼
վһȦӣȦӷ㣬һˣ⡣һжˣڡһֳǹһֳֵ
Ȼһ򣬴ӵص״ܳĳӣǾŽϵĳӡһֿ۶ǹ棬һֻսԼĳնɱ
𣡡
ֻԷ˺ǹеͻ棬γһƬ𺣡
ಡ
Ӱǳմ˧ߣڿУһŻ棬һ߹۲Χľơ
ƽ
ھֻԽĻոϨֻԾŴǰƽ𽥵رƽǡɵĻҲرƽˡ
ಡ
մ׵ߵǰеǹе档
ϼףȡ
ߴӽŵ׿ʼܿÿ˵϶ֳһסֻгմûпףпռûпմûС
ǣ˶˧ߣԾŽ׳ıҺͲҪףڵԪ˳γһ֣ЩҺ赲档
˾ЩǵƼմһǰУһ𾪵ЩϵĿס
ͷȥ˾Ǿ֪ˡ
մʹͷԾǸӵͬʱҲһ¡ԼֻҪȨû˼򡭡
ĺ󱳳һ亹ȥ
һ·ͣǰȥΪ˲ͣ룬õصЩҲηس˵ر˳սøӵؼ
ƻʱ֣ϵ´˳˵˶ףմҲɱ˻Ȼſ׵ıҲʧʮˣִսмֱԺԲơ
ӳ˳ѹ˵ûʳˣ
̧ͷΧѹѹʿʱʿѾһ۰Ͱ͵˹
΢˼һ£ԼʵڻҲûʲôηġ㻹ųԼ񼶱ߣԼ֮󣬾򲻹ǣҪҲû˭ܹסԼԼλϣʲô͵Ƕǳֻñ˿ʵ߷ʵۺʵܹһЩľӢԼΧ
ͨһ󣬳겻ԥʱڴŴʳֲˮʳѾո˺üˡũŪһƬе֮󣬳ոʳͿ˺ܶࡣ
վüʿյأȻһһƾճ֣ѻڼյ֮ϡ
еĹٱɫһ㶣𽥵˲²⣬ǲšĩǰʳѾûˣĸ߲㶼ԲˡʱȴĩǰװŴףһ۾ضЩѾõζɶƵشǵ
ҪҲˣһã˵
䡭
ĹٱЩ˹ȥմҲ⡣ֻӱأ˹ԪһƽΪһֱ͵͵ظЩʳѾϰˡ


505 
ǺǰЩٱһжһǳ͵͵ҵĳ֣ʳԲ뵽ӵһֲʳĿռ䡣
ˣռһӼžûСűһǽͬʱȻĻ
ٱСزһʼ췹ӪضŻֵգͬһ㡣

ǹҲû˻֣
ܿ죬оƮ׷ζܶٱˮζѾǵ̫ˣζ˶ĩǰĻ䣬ĺҲزס
һҹйٱľû˿ܹĿÿȡóЩʳνһһʮֵ󡣵ǳôó˴ңͨʿ˭óʳǣ
˵ʳѾˣǸոĩսٵʱ򣬻ſʱҲûмǸٿϰʳǡֻܹ⡣Ҹտʼкܶж˺ܶˡֱһ֮ǲܹŷֳЩܹԣЩܹԡ
ǵǼմЩٳЩʳҲֻǿţ첻ͬˡ˾һͬʣĩУԭѾһӾͱˡ´ʱǺͳӳֲҲԥسȥ
ܹоЩʿУвһ̾
ֻһٷʿͰˣĩ
ڶ졣
ֿʼµ̣˵ľòͬˣҹĻеĹٱЩӵʹޣһһҵسųкȥֻ˰յʱ䣬Ŵ͹ɽ롣
䡭
ɽһĳų˳˹
𣡡
β棬Ϊ̫ĳӼ๥ɽ룬Լ׷׵شӵص״˳԰ȫżأǹеŭ
ɫһȡԶɽ֮ȥֳ֮ɫȫû뵽ʿȹɽ룬вһͷѵıҪʺϵָӣ
ǣʱѾ룬ѾûгˣҲһӶӵĸӽˡȿ۶˰һ𣡡
ܼǹƬĳӱƬ
ɽϣŴţһһĳӹɽ£ŴһһϱƽֻҪ˫ʦǽЩȫʱ̡
һ·һЩɽǰֻЩӣΪʹڣҲûзһĳӡ
Щĳȥ
˸߿գǰȥ
ಡ
ɽ֮һӰǶԪ˧һֱɵ˳ԣ˳ųĿȥ˧ʲô
ҡҡͷûУ
ûУɫһ
ûзֲΣյģ꽫˳ȥ
ô˵
ɽµʱӣһ·ȴҲûмӣЩȥˣ
ɫҲо˲
ҡ˵ǵõĻ㱨Щӿ࣬˫ϱԵѾǧЩӾԲ˶̵ʱͰ̽ȫɱôĳӣټǵĶʬ壬Щĳȥˣ
ɫ࣬жһ˿˼˵ɱЩֻڻЩЩӣ
صͷҾǣ
ǡҪʲô
֪
ľ缱ٵӣɫͻȻһ䣬˳ӣҲֻǿһԵѾﵽ˾չļޡ
ľ͸صףʼԼȫ֮ЩӺԼ֮ҲûгӡⲻóüͷЩӾڸʲô
µսؽ˫Ĺٱһ𣬻ʿ󣬴ԼǧˡǶʿȴЩûа취һ·ϸɳӣڼսȥĹٱѾﵽ˰ǧ
Ԫ˧ǽô죿ʱڳѾ㹻𾴡һжʵ˵ʵҲָӲܡ˫ʧĶԱȣø򲻵òеĽ
꿴һɫϢɡǼǰӡ
Ԫ˧ֳһ˿εǡûʳˡ
꿴һ۸ֽĿ·˹ȥһʿȻϾƣȻųӵʬ壬ֳӻûо飬֪ǷжأȻڼȴû˸ȥԡ
ĿͻȻ΢΢һЩʿ߳ʿ΢˼һ£֪һ顣ϾɣʱҲǴؽ֮Уôľǰɣ
Щɾ˵п˷ŭЩ⡣ַŭԳӣЩˣǵĿоܹ
һƲ⣬ѵǸøӵķʽӣҸӶǴɾѡģ
겻ɫתͷŸ˵ͷʳľӵյء
ллϲ
˴ӿԻصԼľӣ´ӺܿӪ췹Ȼó˴ʳ
ȡʳʱ򣬼ȡףһ͵վͬľһǵǰʿɫȻذһףʼ˳ñӵĿƳЩʿ


506 
䡭
ЩʿڴзӦ˹Щ˹
վסմһ
еĶʿһͣĿմסʱ˭Ҫǣ˧ߣҲƴ
մױӵؿһ۵СĲЩȻͻ
Ŷ
еĶʿɫһ㶣ȫû뵽մ׻˵ôһǸҲ׵òᡣ
ǲʳУմױӵĿⶼˡ¾ǸҲѡԵմǱӵĿ⡣
ȴҲסմ׵ĻûõֱӻСؽ׵һȻְѵõ˹
ҹֵˣʿѾ޹һᡣԴʱѾܹȽϵȻЩɵʿȴǱζ˶ĩ֮ǰĻ䡣
Щ˿޵ñȻ˺ŶˣǿҰҲ֮ǰŻɽɽϵĻѩڻ򶼻޳ѩ
һֱҹʱ֣ĶɲӲŷ׷׽˯ߡ
걳һŴ۾Ѿ˯ʵϴʱľȴ˳ȥ˼ԵֵڵʿǼ˵ĵ
ЩǺҵţ޷ĩΣգδϣŮˡ
ޣʱһʿݺݵһڣĿһԶЩ˯ĶѹӶУûаġȫ˵ūһ·ϵĸӶˣѾ˽ǧˣȴûԺǶ˶ò˶ãǾͱˣ
ǰЩɱţ֮ǰַʳʱ򣬶õʳﶼǵһǸûаǵԼ˿ٯ˵öԣǾǰǵū
ܹô죿һʿε˵ܹ֣ĩУз֣ȥϣūܱðɣ
˼žһʿ˵ʵҲûѡ񣡡
ʿȻ̧ͷǸʿǸʿɫһͣǿ˵ǿͶǱߵʿ˵ˣǻҲнֵѾھǽһ׼֣ɵȫ档
Ͷļʿһʿ˵ѵͲǵū
˭Ҳ˵áҴһЩǸ˾Ҫȸǿܶࡣ
ʲô
ҴǸ˾Ѿһ˧ߡǸʿص˵
ⲻǷϻ𣿡һʿӵ˵Ƕ˾ڿˣǲ˧ʲô
𼱰ǸʿɫЩڨڨ˵ڶľǸղ˵ģҲ֡ǻһ·ɽɱɽõķҲ齨һӡ
Χļɫһ䣬еһʿ̲סѻһڣͨ˵ūڻң
ļʿҲǷ߷߲ƽǸϢʿǱ𼱰һû˵ꡣ
ʲô˵ģһʿ߷߲ƽ˵Ǹ˾һͨʿθӡ
УǸʿӵһͶʲô
ѵǣʿĿ𾪵
ȻǣǸʿһƲ˾ǿߵθӣ

ʿɵˣ˴Ŀ⽻ţȫǲš
ҡǸʿ˵˾Ϳʼʳóָʿûߺͨʿ𣬴ҷֵĶһࡣ
ʲô᣿ʿ𾪵Ǹʿȫ⣬Դĩ֮߾ͱ˸߹һ壬ͨȫܹȵġ
Ҿôӳ˾Ϊ˾ܹߣͶ벻ᱻūֻҪǻһĴˣһʿ۾
ޣϢǸʿӵôõģҶˡ
ִʲôˣμʿȤǸʿ߿˿һ˫˫ε۾
ǸʿĴʱõ˼㣬ͦͦŵǱߵһӾʿ˵񻪹Ѿ̨ˣֻ߲ǻĹӵŹĸȨûгΪߵֻǵõڻľסȨûйȫ
Ҳаһʿ¶Ľ֮ɫȻǹ񣬵ȼ˵Ҳȵūǿ
Ҫս֮͵͵Ͷɣ
ǸϢʿ˵ǼͶһ滪δػҪǡֲߡһҪǣӽǾ͹磬ҵ˼λȥ֮ǹĶͶ

žҲջ˾֮ͲĵˣѾʿһӣɽķչҪԼˡ
Ȼ뿪żҿڵʱһմһ£ȻϢǡĩÿһ˶ǿԳ굱Ȼ뻪Ļᡣ
ڶ죬¶ģ΢⡣
˫һ˳ɽǰͦǰһգǰһСƽԭƽԭľͷɽ롣
ʱƽԭ֮ϱ鲼ŽϵĳӣڶŽ׳мӡÿһֻӶʮ೤һ״֡
꽫˹ȥܹ˾ֻӡ
꣬մ׺͸һľŽ׳ȺǾֻӣ˵ǾֻӾʰ˰ɣµĳӽµĲӡ


507 
ã
մ׺͸ǵͷȻ˷ֱԼ½һʮĴʼƽԭΧǹе˲ͬĺ֯һƬ̫ˣȥ׼ɲǼĳӱ÷飬һƬƽԭӡ
ǣεĳƺҲƴǲٺˣ࿪ʼ˹ĳͬһӿ˹ѹ˺󺣣űҺ࣬࿪ʼ
𡭡
ֻ޴ӷŭ𣬳Ⱥøӵӿ
ಡ
Ӱȥӳɱ˹ȥȴǳ꣬մ׺͸˸һսӡ
𡭡
ֻӸŭһǵĿһִıҺû䵽ǰ͸о̹ǵĺͻϮ·˲Ҫһ㡣
ڿһ㿪ǵҺֻӸȥ˫סսڵԪشӵڳһмı˫֣뵽ս֮С
ˡ
սһ޾âӳӵһһ˻
һһӰſзȥ棬ֻ޴Ӵһ˳һ㣬ȻǸѸٵرһѷ죬ѷѸٵһչѸٵչһˡ
ۡ
Һѷ˳޴ĳѿ룬ҺΧĴ˲һ
ಡ
մ׺͸Ҳʣ˶һۣͬʱһֻӸȥ
˧ҪնɱֻӸͲѶֻǲʮӵʱ䣬˾ͽֻնɱ
ʧȥ˾ֻӣЩŽ׳ӿʼӿٶû֮ǰôѸ١ȡѵǹеӸմһ֧ʱҲȡһ֧ǹеһ·壬ƽԭϿջͬʱе޾档
ظţһƽԭȼܿͽ֯һƬ𺣡ΧľӿʼƽԭΧǹеŸǹĳڻбΡ
꣬մ׺͸ʵ̫ˣֻǲСʱʱ䣬˾ͽƽԭһƬ𺣡
ŻӣеĹٱڵǰƽ꣬մ׺͸ǷڿУʱ·һ棬ƽԭҹձӳһƬͨ
Сʱ֮СƽԭľͷСƽԭľͷһͱڣͱŸ޴ĶѨʮڣ״
˶ڵǰ棬̽˽ȥδȵľ̽ȥף䡱һһֻӱ˳
𡭡
һִıҺų˳Ρಡһ˿Уʮʿ˲㱻˱Ǹ޴βͣسײ˹ȥ¡¡ѹ˹ȥʮײƬ
䡭
ʮ׳ĳӴɽڳ˳Ȼ㶼ӡ
𡭡
һִıҺ˳һƬŵȥĹٱ˱Ȼ󱻳Ǿ޴ײƬ
𣡡
ȣͬʱ·ȥеսһһֻӴͷβгƬ
ա
ʿʼܼǹڳӵϡ
䡭
ЩӾȻηӭǹ˹ûһֻӺˡӵѾǳǿˣǰǴɸһ㣬ŵرڼĹٱɱ
رЩͨʿӵǰʹֽһ㣬ȫûеֿҲڲͣҲǽϵ߻ܹƾԼűҺͬʱնɱһֻֻӡ
ʱɽгѾһֻֻͻȻսѾ˳ˡ
ȫ峷ˣ
ߺȣЩӽ֣ò˶ãʮľ󲿷ֶϾЩٱо󲿷ֶͨˣֻռ
õĹٱǻһǶһʼûƵźɱǵԽԽ׷˳ʱ򣬿ʼһµĳӴɽӿ˳λĶУٸӵĴ£˹
ڿпһմ׺͸˧Ԫ˧赲Щӣеһ׳٣
ãմ׺͸û˿ԥͬȵһӣ˳ҡ
·һۣһĨʹࡣӵʱʵͽߺͨʿûжҲǿһϺ֮ͨ𣬶һ·
ܵʱͨʿеƾ¶˳˵ĻܵʱûбҪܵһֻҪǵһС
ЩͨʿܹܵùߣֻǼӵʱ䣬ںĹٱ;㶼ͨˡ߿ʼ˱αӿĳӺȻײƬ
ô
򿴵·ҵľ棬ܴսҲúܳƾ˸޷סͬһĳӡ
ĿͬʱԶɽ룬ϵʿֻӵƽԭľͷϵɽ֮ϣƽԭɽĽֻпʮ׵һɽ·ӵѵص㡣óô׷ɱࡣµǸʱҲʣ²˶ˡ
סپס٣
һ·ȥͬʱˡһʮɽ˲Χþ滻ԪУٶȻһͬһһ·ȥȻֵͿռٷӶʮɽתһڳͷǰǰתų˹ȥ


508 ɽ
ʮɽɵĴǰеĳײƬȼĳӣ굥յ󣬱սܳ޾ĵâĳһϡ
ӿȥͬһٵи಻ϵĳ泱һг롣
մ׺͸𾪵ضһۣǸɷɽɵĴתͷմʵʲô
֪մãȻҡͷ

˼ͬʱ³һ漴սһ˳ĳ泱ոձжϣոǰƽǵ泱ѷ죬ֽââӿв£ǰٵƽһν泱ϡ
ಡ
ɵ˺ɵƽԭľͷͣٴη˻޴ɷɽɵĴǰݻһУں潫ЩݻͷӻŤζĳٴնأһģĲӰڿкХ

մ׺͸ߺХʱմ׺͸ûзɵƽԭһ룬㶵ŴԼߺХĳꡣֻ̫ˣ
ಡ
Ӱϵسţܿ˾ͷֳ˸ߵ͡ٶ죬Ǹ򣬶մ
ϵĳӱиѾϿֻʣ¼ٵһ׷ЩʿЩʿڰȫ˻ϡ
еҲ˴Ѿϣ˷׼˲ԼͬЩӳɱ˹ȥ
˧Ѿ൱ڵۼʵնɱﲻ˵ͬвһ㣬ҲȫѹơοЩӻɣѾ˲֮ء
ʮɽɵ״ͬһ޴һӴͷ굽βɽȥһƬ⡣
մ׺͸ս𣬵âʴ䣬޴ĵâڿеؼٻһӱ㱻гһš
ա
ɽܼǹ˿ʼרĵ׷ɱӣûȥЩŽһµĳӣЩŽһµӿʼɽ֮Ϸӿȥɽ֮ϵʿҲʼҵػսĳһӼҵ
ɽƽԭ紦ֻʮ׿һɽ·ӱѻʮ׿ɽ·ϣһƽ
ɽһ·£ʿͬվ̨һ㣬һŸ߳һţĳҵ
ԭĥȥٶĳӣֻҪǵĽλûгŽףҲᱻʿɱһա
ǡ
صˣʿЯӵˣԣʼһһؽųأ˵ӵ֮󣬾ͻȥ˾ͻǣʱÿʣӵ࣬޾ĳӣһʿɫѿֻҧһһֻӲšʱ̧ͷеĳˣϣܹؽеɱ⣬ȻԼˡ
ڿҲϵĹٱƵػˣֻ˲ƲûӵˣҲڿзеٶҲӵؿ٣ƵķɽҲѸͣմ׺͸ĵâҲӵҫͬʵʡ
ֻǰСʱʱ䣬˾ͽеնɱһաϴһҵĻ
ڿлͷһۣʮľֻֻһС֣˶һۣ໥˵ͷһչ
ಡ
Ӱͬһ·壬Ȼɽ֮С֪նɱЩŽһµĳǾ˷ֻҪܹ߽׵ĳɱ⣬ЩŽһµĳӾͲ⡣Щ߽׵ĳһɽ֮С
һɽ̽˳ȥɽ֮ڣϣںͶ֮Ͼǰװ׵ĳӣдС˳˽ҺɽΪһĻ
˽Ԫ߶£γһ֣ʮɽɵĴǰ棬һĻ飬˾ͬܿķɻ۵糸ɽٳȥ
ûЩӣΪЩӶǾŽһµĳӣǰմ׺͸һһں档
Сģǰӣ
ͻȻߺһȻȻڿнһξ˿У˫յ࣬մ׺͸Ҳһ˳࣬˫յ
˳ȥϵĳӺȻӶʯ飬ʯͬһʯꡣ
ʯУʮɽɵĴȻײ˹ȥһֻӳڵɽ
ȣ
꣬մ׺͸ͬʱһнյսǰ˳ȥ
䡭
ɽʯ飬ɣ޴ĵâڵɽ޾ӣǵâʲôĳӽױ飬ʱǰĳӱɨһա
ߣ
ڵɽӰͬһɽֱɣת䣬
ת˵߸תʱѾʼ˻ʼӣתʮһתʱѾʼ˵ۼӡ
սһӱ΢ԭԳ˧ڵʵܹԽսҲ൱˧ڵʵ˧ڵʵմ˧ڵʵ˶ϵۼĳǾһѵĿսһδܹսʤ֮Ϊɲֻһֻۼӣһżֻﵽۼ۷ĳӡ
ǣľʵ൱һʵʮɽɵĴͬһ޴ͷɽݺأһֻֻۼӲϵؽɱ
һĻֱøմ׿Ŀɿڴʱ򣬾ٱҲֳ֪һߣͻ˵Ͼߵﵽһδ˵ľ硣
ಡ


509 Ѫɫ
˴ɽͨд˳ȥǰһ޴ԲɽֻʮֵغڰľѸٵ˳ȥɫǾޱ䡣һȡ˵ǹеһ۰ǹðһ档
ԼԼؿǰľմ׺͸ɫһ䣬Ҳȡ˵ǹе۶˰˳ɽһԲǧ׵ľ޴ɽɽһӣʱһοӣȻſ³һʬ嵽Ǹ棬ǸһƬѪ죬ʬȥ֮󣬱˳صףֻ˲ӳصƯһãһѪҲ
ȻǳеѪһѪˣǸ˦˳ȥʱǸѪصĺѾһ߸ͬСɽһöѡ
ЩʬĳӱźȥȻɽȥȻиĳȥѪ³һʬ塣
лȻֲɱôĳӣûмǵĶʬ壬ԭµ
ǡ
ѪǸʲôģ
ѪʲôҲûа
ľųӵ͸˽ȥ˲ò԰ףǸѪصصزһӣһѪɫĳӣҪǸѪɫĳӵɢǿϢϢǳϤΪǵھǴԪռ˫ߺëϵϢ򼶱Ϣ
ѪɫĳӾȻͨľѪͻ򼶣ʱѾܹظоһ򼶱ֻҪȵ˫ߺëϢһЩľɨֻѪɫӣбĿǰֻһһĳӣϢȴڲֻͣҪѪеľѪգҿ϶ͻͻƵ򼶶
ֲͻȻĳ泱ԭǱ򼶵ĳȴʬ壬ṩͻơ
ܹͻƣ
ĳ꾫൱һ൱һѪеǸͻƵ˶ͲǶ֡
ȡ˼ը˳ȥȻкմ׺͸ź˳ȥ
䡭
һҵĺѪرըѿڣѪˮ˳ĳӱը⣬ɽڻζɽѷ죬һЩʯסص䡣
𡭡
һ޴ĺ˷ŭһ޴ѪɫӰѪ¡ж೤¶Ĳȴ״֡
뿪
ߺһմ׺͸˵תɽ֮⼲ɶȥǸѪɫĳһ¶˵ѹ̫ˣ׺ϢڿȲסΣӿе
ʱ֪Լ뾡ɽȻĲȫ߳ˣʮ˶֪ǸѪɫӳԵġ
һһҪ񼶱Ըˡ
䡭
ǵ˾ҵĺɽڲմڼٷ֮лͷһۣǵ˵֪˾ôˣ
ʵӦû°ɣȷ˵
մЩɽоǴ򲻹ǸӣҲӦܹߣ΢¡
ಡ
˴ܳɽֱӷɵ˸߿Уϵʿ̳ˣ̳ˡ
еĹٱ㶵ſеĸ򣬸˧ߣǶ˧ߣԺաǴʱȴĽ¶һ˿־塣
ʲôһ˧˽˿־壿
еʿʱжЩãȻٶĳҲûĻţӵڴ⣬ҲûĻţΪʿи˧ߣٱմ׺ͳꡣ
ǡ
ʱûˣֻմ׺͸ڿУ϶һƬмſ־塭
ʮʿػ
ǣڿлصɽѰһ˵ҰУǸͱڴмѿˡ
ಡ
Ӱѷз˳Ÿ߿оֱ˳ȥֻ˲ʧںڰС
𡭡
һĺдͱڵѷдű¡¡֮˳ѿͱڲסزʯͱϹ
䡭
һ޴ѷд˳
࣡
жңѪɫһ޴Ѫɫӣȴƫƫܹգں嶼ɳͱڵѷ졣
𡭡
ŭſУȴѾ˳Ӱ޴ͷ­Աһתմ׺͸
𡭡
ѪɫĳڿһѣͬһѪɫһմ׺͸򸩳˹
Ѫɫӵٶ̫ˣӦֻѪһѪɫӱѾմ׺͸˵ĸǰ
ڵԪȻǣ߶˲䳤磬ǴִһȦϵһͿ˲䱻ѣеս޾ĵâն˸Ѫɫӡ
մ׻ˣֻһոͻ˧ڵߣȻ˧ߵܷӵ쾡£ѪɫǾ޴Ӱ˵С
ǸͲͬˣԭ˧ߣѾʮꡣΣĹͷеǱܣһնһľնһĳһڱ貹â˲䣬ѾͻƵ˧ڡ
ã
ʮٱ̲סһãż޾ĵâҹգ˵ǿڰһһͬնһմ־Ϊһᡣ
⵶âҹУһӰͷ½ϵѪɫӸǳ꣬ʱʮɽѾڿһ󽣣˺˿·ȥ˫սͷ½ϵؽ
˫Ҳ˸ǰ׵һҲɱһá


510 
һ緢˳һľѾ˧ڡжãգȻԼʱѾͻƵ˧ڣȴҲնһ
һ
䡭
޵ĺڿػص
ۡ
Ӱ˳ȥմ׿Ѫ˳ȥǰԵ׵ĵҲˣһѪͬһ㵹˳ȥ
һͣɳȥٶҲ죬ֻ˲ͳԽմףеĵе䣬Ѿɳʶ˻ԣѪŵ䡣
մʵҲǿȻڱѪʶѣڿһתȻһŸ׹帩ȥ
𡭡
ĺѪմ׷˹ȥͬڰҹջһѪ⡭
ɽ֮ϵĹٱѾˣһֱ˧߾ȻֵǸѪɫһγײֻеĻˣһɫò԰ףоǻҡ
ˣ
˧߰ˣеһͻƵ˧ڵߣǰԵ׵һ·ǰ֮ȥ
һХͬٸŮ˷ļУǳʹĴҼٵ˺ѿռ䷢
ǸѪɫӸоΣգһ٣ѣſͷ
䡭
󽣺ȻеѪɫӵͷǸѪɫӵͷȻһ޴ȥͷʿһһĴӣѪҺ˳˫յ·ն䡣
䡭
޾ĵҹգ޾â־׼վǵһĵϡ
𡭡
ѪɫӰͷ˦βѪɫβڿռģĲӰų˹꽫߶˼£޴βͲĽŵ׺Хβͣſͬһֻһֱȥ
𡭡
ѾȫŭֻѪɫӣڿѣٶȼ죬ҧ˳
ͷĿ⣬˽ԼѪɫӣĿӹѪɫĳ˵档ʱڵϵгӶڵһͿմץŸɽ롣
մɽϵҡһ£ط˵ϣ΢΢һ£ȻΡΡشӵȻھҵزȴͦñֱ
ɽʮٱʱĿⶼ۽ڿУ޴Ľ׳ѪɫٵſгȥǰһСϼ塣
꿴˵΢£ͬʱҲ˿׵˼Ҫ򼶵ʱﲻһľ൱ôܹ᣿
սб࣬һ޴ķɽһͷٴμռٷȥ˲һκѪɫӵľ롣
𡭡
ѪɫȻһ޴βһ˦һܣٶҲһ˫ľһ
𡭡
ǸѪɫ޳ٴκһĿһִѪɫҺ塣źԶһξ룬ǼȱͼڵѪҺ

ȻҲȥͬʱʹŴѪɫնȥ
𡭡
Ǹ޳澹Ȼʮֵڿһ㿪˳һ·һ壬һ޴βų˹
䡭
оһ̧ͷȥ֮ǰѪɫ޳ȥǵѪɫҺڿкȻѣ˷ɢȥһƬѪ·׹˷Բǧס
б׹䣬о޳βͳ˹һǲҺǸ޳βӲƴǰ֮ǰͬʱҲܹһαϣֻһΣҲɱ
ŨŨս˲𣬰Ȼȥһ¡¡
һͬĳ򲻹ã
ꡭ
󽣷ֽʮ֧Сͷɽ˲ڳͷۣһΧһȦӣٵתͬһɡſмɶȥ
ν˫յȴʹ˽̫еĽڿвϵػһԲȦ
һԲȦںѪβײһԲȦ飬νӿٵϿճ˳ȥ
ա
ͬŽһߣıҺλڷɽ֮ϣȴûһγƷɽķ䵽ϡ
ಡγ˱Һ
ꡭ
ʮɽڿ۳һ󽣣ΧųĿѪɫ޳ϣӹоһظоѪƺ͸¶һ˿ƣȻһ˿ƣᣬֻӵо˲ܹ֣ʵȴˡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬뵽˸տʼѪɱҲԸѪɫҺѵѪɫҺӾģ
𡭡
Ѫɫ޳û˵꣬ӵķŭ˦βͷųһ˹
ȥ
һǱĴѪɫ޳ȥǸѪɫ޳Զڳɽη壬Ҳ֪ɽܹ˺һȥֽһ˶ͷ­˿еĳꡣ
֮ǰѾһκ;޳濿̫Ŀʱﻹ̫˵ߵƾԶսⲫ߸ɵ顣
ಡ
༱ٷȥ˲˺Ѫɫ޳ľ룬ǱȴڿģĲӰٴѪɫ޳ն˹ȥ
𡭡
Ѫɫ޳ٴڿз㿪˷ɽһնô˻ٴͻȻı䷽򣬼ٷȥٴκѪɫ޳˾롣ǳüͷҲѪɫ޳ķӦ̫ˣֻǵһγ䲻նһ֮󣬾ȻҲն
ɢ
һǱѸٽ壬ʮɽѪɫ޳ɱȥ
ಡ


511 ̺ʽը
ʮɽ·ɣȴѪɫ޳ʮɽȻܹһѪɫ޳ɽϴ˺ȴҲܹ˺Ѫɫ޳档
ֻǲһӵʱ䣬ǸѪɫ޳Ͼͳٵ˺ۣһεѪɫҺӿе䣬䵽棬ǵ˲
𡭡
Ѫɫŭˣ˷ɽ˺ٵرƽ꣬ǳٶԭͲұӵѪɫ޳Ҫȴǧѡ
𡭡
Ѫɫ޳̲סٴųѪɫҺǳѾ׼μһԶȥǵҺѪҲûн档ǣķɽȴΧѪɫ޳治סһһиѪɫ޳档
۾һоǸѪɫ޳һҺ֮ƸһЩ
꽫һҧȻѪɫ޳˹ȥǸոս뵽Ѫɫ޳Һľ֮ȴȻһ༱ٷȥ
𡭡
һҺڿлǳȴѾһ˳ȥ
𡭡
ѪɫȻǣǱϾеͶ˵Ĵڣʱ꼤ŭѾʣ˱ܣҧڳ󣬲ͣűҺÿһڣϵϢһ֣Ҳ½һ֣ķɽ˺ԽԽء
ڵϵմ׺͸һ˻ʲôȴѾǸѪɫ޳Ѿǿ֮ĩ
ʱжֳٶ̫ˣͬǷɽֳҲ̫ǿˣ
մ׻֪ǣڶҲҵһżõһЩҩҲһΪˣŲҪ̲ɣҪռһֻ
쿴˳ܣλոͻƵڱֳǴʱĸоȴǲеĳꡣ
ǾõĹѵǻҲõ˵żżоž
һ˿̰漴ֱ˿ЦΣԳʵλҲûаսʤ꣬˵꣬ôܴӳõ
ܴܲӻõˣ
񣬽עڿеĴս֮ϡʱǸѪɫ޳Ѿȫ·硣ѪɫҺľ벻һ룬ǱҺҲСһ룬ѾʮɽиѪ졣
Ѫɫ޳ڿеζڵѪҺӽ䣬ͬһѪꡣ
ꡭ
ʮɽڿۣۺϳһ󽣣Ѫɫ޳նȥѪɫ޳ҪܣǴʱķӦٶȶ˺ܶࡣ
䡭
һնѪɫ޳ĲӴһ͸Ѿ½һѪɫ޳նѪɫҺӲǻ˳
ಡ
еĴطɣѪɫ޳䲻ͣиѪɫ޳壬δѪɫ޳䵽棬ѾиʮΣ¡¡ˤ˵ϣˤһ⽴
ӮˣմȻһȭ
䡭
ǻδȵʮٱȴϵЩӱȻؿʼɽ빥վɽǰһٶʿȻ䲻бıҺ˱
𣡡
𣡡
մ׺͸ͬʱӦĹٱ̿ʼųӿ𣬵γ泱ıӵңѾķΧٱϵӵѾ㣬òֻȻĳ泱סɽ֮ϱˣʼ
䡭
һâʴ䣬ǰĳ˲飬һ⡣
飡
ǰ˫ս޾âŵնȥ
䡭
ǰڵĵ³һףڵĳӱɨһգĳͬһͣϢӿ
Ŀɨƽԭӵ̫ˡ촽˫һսսȵ˧Ԫ˧λܹɻȥ𣿡
һԣմ׳˵
ҡ²УȻҡҡͷʱǳ
˧̷ɻȥվ
ǣմӦһγȥܿʧںڰ֮С
䡭ٴ׷Χĳն飬Ȼٴθȵеӵǰʿмᣡ
ʮʿȡӵǰݣǰϵһһĵһУжѷŵԽԽࡣ
˾׼ˣ洫ֻԵ
ãˣ
䡭
ٴһȻһݷ˿Уźȥ
ա
ܼǹĳӱܼӵ飬Щȴɷϳţһ׵ɽ봦һĳ
䵽˵棬ϥ۾ԺмһĻһĻػط֮ǰսĳֺѪɫ޳潻սĳҲźͨӽսĵâ
⻹ǳͻ֮һξ˲ҵս̫ϸҪȥĥҪȥ
һĻĻ֣Լľƿ𽥵ҲԪƿ΢ĳ̶Ƚؼ
һͲ֪ȥ˶ʱ䣬֪дһƬŽоѡ̧ͷȥżҿڵķһܼܷɻ
䡭
ըڳȺбըĳӱըɵ˿УȻΡ
ӵվ¶ЦݡΪɻĵоһսھϻǳ֮϶Ȼ֪Ʒļĳ̶Ⱥ˧۷ľ磬ȴҲ˺ܴһξ롣
䡭


512 ͬ
еķɻһŸ壬Եĳӽе̺ʽըƽԭϵĳ֪κըܹȫҲʣࡣ
ȻСʱĺը֮ɻˣƽԭ֮ʣĳѾһʮٱɽϳȥʼĳӡһСʱսƽԭϼᡣ
֮󣬳͸ɫܲÿʮٱʣǧˣʿҲ˽ˡ
˫еĹٱ󲿷ֶͨˣݵķǳ٣һϾܹĩеҪԡ
˫ڴ˰·֣ڷֿʱ򣬸ųֵ˧ؽ֮һҪǿ
һҲס˸֣أ
أҲ˵
˫ֿԴŴԼҵķȥصżҿڣ㽫һƺ˽մףŵҰս֮ٴ̤̣ķȥ
һա
˴ͬ
ԶԶر㿴Χǣͬһأø߸ߵĳǽ¥¥֮ӣһأʱս֮Уӻܼڻ𣬳ǽ֮Ϻʹ¥֮Ĺٱҵš
ڵĸŴͬţķһһεðڻŵ温š
ȡԶŴͬȥͬĩյյУһһδͬʱҲڲܹͣûдװսԿӵܴ
رǷΣʮ־޴Ȼǵܹ͵ϵȣռſеơ
͵Σ귢Ȼת׶ֻ˵ʱָӡ
˾Ҫȥģ
һ֮սȥһ£
㡭һȥֻ۾
ӳһȥɣأ·˹Ԫӱ˹
һԼһսСӣҡҡͷֻȥһ£սġҡ
䣬תŴͬӶȥĴ
ԼϢصľܿͱӶսѸٵ˳ȥ˵ϵľвûз񾭱һɣһɣΪڵۼﶼûСſֶȥ
ɫ΢䣬ڿоȻֻۼֻǳֲȫǳеֻͬĴ档
аףͨɫʱ·Ż棬ͬһƬ𺣡
Ȼ䣬ɫޱ䣬ڿеȻתͷķ˹
⡭ǾȻܹоҵľ
ǳһھ򼶵˫ߺëûзľȻǸӾ͸˵ˡǽȴгֵľ
𡭡
ֻһų긩һŴ˳ĿԼֻ
ǡ
ʮɽڳͷ۳һ󽣡

еһѾɵ˳ͷſ˴ڣһ泯ų
ಡ
γȥһ棬ͷĴն˹ȥ
˻
󽣴Ӿͷնһֱβʳ롣
𡭡
ڶֻŭһųһ棬ʱ·նһƬ𺣣ľշʩչ˼£ڿģĲӰһϣһһս˫֮䣬ݺݵžͷȥ
𡭡
һŭ𣬵ȴƲסͷѪ˳˫ڵһͷ֮ϾͬѪɫȪ޴ŵ׹䡣
ಣһӡ
飡޴ˤڵϡ
ŲԶľͷֻ۾ʵȻоһ󲨶Ӿ˹һӭƲȻʹ
ǵ׳ĲǾȴǾǴһѶϢһɳܹѶϢѶϢֻһ˼Ź㣡
䡭
ķų˹ŷɽѸٵʿֻֻȻ󽫾շʩչ˼ޣŸ߿շȥķڴͬϿյķﶼųХ
ಡ
ԶȥֻǼӵʱ䣬ͬϿеķﶼʧһգų׷ȥ
ͬصһ¥̨֮ϣӽſ૵˵ֻƺɱˡ
ԵĲܽҲ߽ͬһ˵Ǹ˻еķˡ
Ȼһӽ˵˧ߣֻ˧߲ܹɡǾ˧Ԯˡ
䡭
ϵȴû뿪ҵĹŴͬսͬľѾƣ˼㣬Ҫˡ
Ǿʱ򣬶вķﳷˣǵͻȻһֲŵĸоʱȻӽ˻Ƶһ¥̨ϴԮˣ
Ԯˣ

ֻɲǼ䣬ҰɺԵľȻƺڸգŵϵҵػ
ಡ
һӰ֮ĵҰս֮ķٶЩܹ׷ϵģ


513 Χ
ڽ֮󣬳Ȼӿٶȣ˦Щĵط˻
ӳ
˾
ȻȵѾߣʱѹʱ
ǣ
˵ĴѸжһȥͬһһŴͬȥ
ͬʱڼΣ֮УԴӽԮ֮󣬴ͬľ񱬷ʱţһӵʱˣȴû˿ĶôͬһγȥʱӽڻԼղǲ۾ˡǣǷѾ˰
ľ޴˵ͬѾ˱ıԵѾ﹥˻أ߿ʼ
ˣ
Ȼӽ۾һһŴͬǵֳ֣ǰһֱڵļ죬ѸٵؽӽսǵҰսǧɵرͻţиš
ʱ򣬲ӽ˹ǺܶͬľҲˣʱ件һƬ
ˣ
ˣ
Ԯˣ
䡭
ײȺǹеŭʱͰȺ˺һȱڡ
ǧͬһȺкֱײȺи䡣
ա
ĽͨٱҲ˹ǹ𣬴Ƭﵹ£ԭ˳Ѿҵﳹ׵ʱǲǵ죬һ̧ͷ˿Уб˵ǵ죬һֻҲûС
䡭
ȻɢҰսĴ׷ɱͬľҵػţ׷״ӻڳ˳׷ɱ˹ȥ
Сʱ
ͬͬľ˳˯֮УӽҲȥ˯һе˯˵
ѾͬЩѾ˱ıԵǴʱսܹϢűơԳôͬеľϢҰսĹٱʼɨսЩܹʳõЩʳһͬҲҪһ֡
겻ʼչʳɣ֮ǰ˼֣ôҲһա
Եصżҿھûٷַڵʳմ׸ҰսһЩʳ뿪ʱǸմһ׺ʹףմֵԽͳȥʮء
ڶ죬ͬ½ʱ򣬵ҰսѾһʵЩͬľȻѣǱζѬѵġ
ʱѾꤵĴͬﻹ̵ס׷׿ҰսĹٱѾԹˡһڿڹǰÿֻһ룬ǲǲܹǶԡǾ˲ϵĴսҪָ
ӽҲȺ֮УĿɨӣѰų꣬ȴûпꡣһһһߴţһĿѰš۾һ˿ءȺм˷ǳۣߵ˿صʵ˾أ
һ¥̨һָ̨ϡ
̨֮ϣ˫ȴ̣Ŀվܿš
Դӳ꽫ӽȥ˯֮󣬾̨֮ϱĿ˺Ѫɫ޳սֳ;棬ٺֻս֮󣬳оԼǾǳ֮ž޴һͻѾԶ
ȻתףһսѾСһŲ̨ϳӽӰһָڴߡӽĿϥĳϣ˵ͷ㾲վ

곤³һתͷӽ¶΢Цӽкӽ
ž
ӽߵ˳ǰǸ꾴һȻ˳Ķϵ˵˾лл
֮䲻ôףЦ˵Ҹ˵һ¾
񣿡ӽ¶һ˿Ի
ȻʧЦӽ˧ѾͻƵ񾳽磬˧ҲͻƵ񾳽硣ԣԺܹ˧˧ˣӦý񡣡
ģ
ӽشӵմײͬһմͻƵ˧һڳ굽żҿ֮ǰմҲûʲô޳մ׵Ĳżȵ͡
ӽûͻƵ˧ܵҹ򵥵ĹпҹҹԮﻹʲô͵ģ
ʱ˵˧˧ѾΪһİѹҵĴ֪
Цų˰ֵ££иõϢҪ㡣
ӽڨڨ£˳˵иõϢ۾ֱضųꡣ
㽫Ѿз֣Ѿ֣þͻչżҿڡԼδŵҰսǰҪΪĽڶ֣ڽѴͬһһ˵
ʱӽѾû
񰡣
ǰȻ񣬵ȴȻ⣬񻪹Լ񣬶һӽ죬˫Ŀоˣ
̾һûиӽڵԭûиЩڵ˵ޱǿ
ʱǰѶϢŹ㣡
һʲôĴڣ
һͬĿ˲񷣬Ҫǿ಻Ḳǵʧ
ûڴͬѾûļֵﻹҪפءԳŵҰս뿪˴ͬٴ̡̤


514 ų
;̫ԭ̫ԭû̫ܵˣǧʿǰн;ٷڣ˳ǡֻҪ˻ƺӾ͵
ʱվڻƺӱϣεĻƺӣͬһУȡ
ڶɺӣǳȴһվпȵĻƺӣƺӷ·СɿС˲лƺӱڡ
в֪дȡսζˡսлػӶÿһλӶ·ƺӿ֮ǰ޳ˮ
ڲͣضɺӣӰߵʿԽԽ٣ǳɳˮ֮С
ƵĵƮݿ٣ˮĵȴ಻ж죬ȴһ˵һˣȺ嫡
һһҹȥ
ƺӰߣķԴһһҹ
ԭѾˮʮʽƺ֮һһҹʱ䣬ۻƺ֪ˮ֮⣬ִʮʽˮˮʽʮʽһʮʽһɲǣǰĻƺӶиӦȻ졣
ƣ࣬۾ʮʽˮļʡ
۾Ŀ¶һ˿źоˮûᣬδֻǳѾ˳Ҳݲȥ
𡭡
쳤ХƻХһ̣оԼľǳ֮
սڵһߣ顱һγȥŻƺӶ԰˹ȥ
ų
ʱͬһµһ޼ʵΧ֫ȱɣֻǰͬӲĴ󵶣мӲļ׿ǣӵϣûмʮǹ޷С
ĴʱھսΧʮ֮⣬һ˸߸ߵķ˿У·䡣
üͷ΢΢һ壬оЩƺǺ׼ȷΪ뻹гȻܹõķУȴҲԷɵУЩȻγú룬ȴûг
һƣȴǶơǶһļ׿ǣһ׿ǵķó궼о𾪡ԼƲһ£Ҳֵܹξߵһ
Щɲĩ֮ǰϵЩôСʮ־޴󣬾Ҳ׶೤гһ׵룬ɢϢѾﵽĳ̶ȡؼЩ׵ɲǼֻҲǼʮֻ޷㡣⻹ǳһο˶һ𡣾ǵżҿ˳泱Ҳû˵
˶ǳˣҲ̸оһβһֱܵͷν϶ҧ󣬳ԼЩΧҲֻһ;
ںڰĸ߿зɿƶ·ɨţɫԽԽأľɨУֿ˴Ļʼ룬ЩʼѾﵽһʮ⻹огص飬˵ۼ롣
ҲǼֻ߼ʮֻֻԼһ£Ҳֻϡ
Գ˽⣬˶ĵۼһ𣬶ûз໥ֻ֮һԭǾһһ򼶵
ʱаϣԼֻܹһ򼶵ϣ֤һбӿֲڸ߽׵롣
ڿƶò죬һ溦±뷢֣һҲҪϸ̽
Ȼ򼶵룬һֹһֻڹųһֻһ롣˳ѾܹƲһһֻΪ롣ľʼĺɨȥ
ھųʮֻ֮˶룬жʮ׶೤ʱſڵϣͬһСɽɢơ
ֲεоԼѾԸˣѾŵ˼㡣ͬʱҲоʮ֣һĴ£ųôܻûбƣ
κڰĿŹųȥںڰĿ·ȥʱųΧ붼һƬžΧ·׳棬һųҲ·һǣû˿
䡭
Զ˺ڿתͷȥǸʮ׳̧ͷ

ֻ뾹Ȼ겻ͷûУǲ룿
һأŹų˹ڿеĳ궼о𶯣ЩڿվסŸ߿ַɳȥףŲӰ졣

а·ȥȻǸĺǲҲܹµǷ
䡭
Ȼе붼վռһܼģ˻Ƥ뿪ʼŹų˹
䡭
ӹųȻ¡¡ܼ֮ڻŹų֮кʱ뱻ը÷顣
ȻĿڻ
ڻûмҪ֪ĳѾ±ˣҲһߣһ˾¾ڱţµڱŵڻڵڻֱС׼סԼڱžԲô˺
ʲôڣ
֮£ϸع۲·ڻһϸع۲ַ˲ͬеڻܹЩ˴˺ֻһСֵڻɲ˺󲿷ڻǺͳڱͬ


515 ż
꽫Լľȥ˲ڵڱءڱϾ󲿷ֵڶĻڣֻʮŴڲڳϤĵ
꽫ɨʮŴڣʮŴڸͲڷڵͨϵһЩͼۼȻγһȥЩڲ֪ʲôɣϵͼɢŹâڳľܹо֮Ŵڻۡ
ʲôɫһ㶣ѵҲ˵żԣ
һִڣΪ鲻ܲԼֻһܣִڲڵ硣۾ѵڵڶߵһ
ִڱϾֻʮţʵ̫ˣֻӵʱ䣬͹˾ųǶҵķΧ֮ڡ
ա
ȻڹųΧĳǽϺΧЩ¥ǹҵĿ
۾һЩʿõĿɲȫǵеǹеҲǵǹеһǹеÿһ֧ǹеǹҲ˸ͼĹâľɨǹеִڵԭͬҲǹϵͼ
ǹеܾ޴ͨǹеҪʮǹܹһ룬ǹеȴܹһǹͽһֻ롣
ֻǳҲʿľȣΪǹе̫ˡǴڻǹеģǴżеõģޡ
ĿͻȻһ䣬ʱַʿĲͬǵϴĶǻľװһֿסοɲ˴ſף˵϶һס
ֿ׵ķﵽʲô̶ȣģѾ׵ķ򲻻˶ֿס
ڿĬĬع۲·ҵս˫ս˴ԼСʱңԶĺֻĺ
䡭
ؿʼۼ뿪ʼΧ˹ֻһҲʼųǻƽ
ʮںЩǹеʿֹͣڿںǹڶԿʼ׼Щۼĸһ룬Щʼһµ붼˳ͨǹеĹٱ
䡭
ڳײ˷֮£뿪ʼŷԾٱ뼤սһгľһ֮иľϲ̫ˣЩٱϴĿ׾ȻֵܹŽһµĹ㸴ʱӵеĿҲֵֻܹ߽һĹ
䡭
ʮŴںǹеˣԵĸһ͵ۼ롣Щڻֻܹõۼˣȴ˲򼶵ֻܹòסغˡ
ͻȻĿһڿпʮھȻͬһǸһһ롣
䡭
˲ʮֻһ˹ȥȴֻȴȻһڿлһӰʧԭأʮȻѣһԱըΪɢ֮飬ۼҲ˼Ρ
𡭡
ŭ𣬾༯ڻһֻʱ򼶺͵ۼѸٵؽӽ
䡭
ڵųΧһƬͬصĩ֮ǰİ硣
˵
ų˺˵ڳ˵ûʲôֵġ򲻿ûк˵ΣյľҲܲ˵ΪҪǣھΪǸżҲ˺˵ڷ˵֮Ȼطؾޱ֮ƺҲ˾޴ı仯
ĩ֮ǰ˵һ֮󣬶ΧĻžԶӰ죬൱ʱڣ˵ĵطѾʺסǴη˵֮󣬹ҿԱȻֺ˵ڻӰѾԺԲƣƺڰԪܹ˵ķѸٵطֽ⣬˺˵ըʱɾпֲɱ֮⣬ڻѾûӰ졣
ǵصĺ˵ڹųⱬըֽͬһ飬ǵۼҲкȻġ
ľڹųѸٵɨ裬ȻҵһԪռڣѸ̽Ԫռڣһ޴ĽȺȺڵķȫͬҲǸǱÿһ֮϶صͼ
ľѸٵڴԪռӣܿҵָӲʱָӲĿǽϵһĻ
ǵĺ˵ѾʣˡһѾΣʣĺ˵ֻεˡ˵һ֮زס
ɫѿԵһʵҶԪռŦ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷûо
üͷ֪ز˶ãԪռŦܹԪռҲû˿ķֻҪ˵һĹ⣬඼
ˣһλ³һ
˵Ŀת˴ĻĴʼˡָӲڵλȴû˿˷ܣΪֻ֪ʣλᣬ˵ٷΣһ֮󣬾֮ʱ
꽫˻Ȼڵ࿪ʼ߳˳⣬ʼɨսʬųڰˡ
ĴͣʿѸٵųȥͣһ£ֿʼźȥʿһӿ˳ʼռʬ塣һ춯ųȥ


516 
һȥ֮㲻ٶֻɳ౼Ϯ
С룬ȴٺˣӭЩɱȥЩΧɱ
˼֮ɴҲֻ࣬ǽųΧƶһιǡ
вЩʵǿĴʼۼ룬ǲ򼶵룬ҰսҪĴӪ뵽Ͳܡ
ǡ
ҰսеĹٱװʿϴֿףһ˿ᡣټϽڵڻ𶼼һͻȻϮԼӦźܴĿԴҰս뵽ǡ
뵽겻ԥŹųȥ
ϵļ̷˳꣬졣ڴԪռָӲڵڴĻϷ˳ꡣ
ǳ̫ˣڴĻֻǿһӰ
ʲôĿʵ
һˡ
۾һܹζʲôܲϲ˵ѵԮˣ
˵˧ߡ
ಡ
ѾָӲ棬һӰǰۣʿһܵؽǹڶ׼˳꣬ǻûеȵǿںʣŻȻſڣĿĳȥ
Ŀһ㶣ԭΪϤԪ˧֮һվȴһİꡣ
ʡ
ô˵ǰһ࣬ڵһɡЩԥؿڡ
꣡꿴һǽȥ˵ɣ
ɫһ̷Ӧ˹һò˵룡
ͷٲȥһָ̨Ųͣߵλɫ΢䣬ʹһȻڳҲ׷
֪ʱΣҶڵľ̬Ҳʡ뵱żҿڵմ׻ûзκżֻͻƵ˧˽ģο﷢żǰλлʲô뷨ղֱλ֮ϣǶǰ飬΢ɣڱϻֳԼغͷӡ
ԳҲûжһϻ㽫񾩳ǵľƺ͹ҵļƻϸؽһ顣ǰѾ˧ߣȻ֮ǰ׼ΪѾ˳ɡǣǵһ
˵˧˧ѾΪ𾪣˵ҷ˵żѾܹ֣γǰΪĽ֣Ҳ֪Ӵļƻ׼ӵзֵĳУһ·ǣѾȫûԼһżĽ
꽫Щ˵꣬㾲𾪵ĽԼϢ
ӵʱ䣬Ŵ˹ĿԼ˹겢ûиٴʵĻᣬʵλһ¡
صصͷֱܹԪռеָӲ֤Ҫƺ˽⡣˧߷ǳؾηǸûдﵽȫ˽⡣ص飬оηҲҶԳ˿οǶڷֵż໹ûа취ҪĹҿѧоԣȽĿǰķһ飬нżϸؽһ飬˵˧ǲȲιһż
ȲæҡҡͷҪĿǰղŴĽе֪ں˵ֻΣҲ˵ֻܹη
ǣ
صصͷ˵϶ǳؽšѾƵ˾ٽ֮ǾͻȫųΧ޾룬ҪͻΧͻΧȥҲҲֻΪĸ߽߲ܹҵͻΧ
ĿǰҪν΢΢üͷͨ£һΣ
죡ǹ۲ǣǹҪȥطѰʳͨҪʱ䡣
꾲˼ţĿ⽥رüᶨǱ뾡콫ҰսӽڣһӷҪǿÿѧ̿ʼֻ֣Ҫֽİȫܹõϣ
λ۾һ漴ְΪѵ˵˧ѣ˧Ӧ֪ܸһ򼶵룬һһʵ߹ĸĴں󷽡ǷֵǸżжҲнܣ򼶵Ѿ൱ڸ߶ʵϾڶԷԶԶǡ»ûеȵǽҰսӽ͡
˵û˵ȥ˼ȴǳԡ
ǡʱҶڵѾҪˣǰһЩʳõֻܹάʱ䣬ЩͲܹʳá˧ľӲܹľͶˡ
ˣγһᡣҰսλΪ޷սͻᱻ
ҲѰ˼ԭ뷨ڵĴڻҰս뵽ڣѰҰսȫӦԣǵۼҲӦϾڳĴڻźܶ󽫼ߣһпصܹԽսߡһЩǲɱģǽ󲿷־ǲܡ


517 ս
ǣȴԥˡǳ˽򼶱ǵƶٶȷǳؿ죬򼶵ѾԷСԼŴǳʱ򼶵㶼ɱ˹ȫû˰աܿܵĽȫû
ҪȽ򼶵룡³һ
򼶵룿Ŀųν
ȻɱˣЦ
ɱˣλŵųꡣ
¶ǿŵ򼶵뽻ңڹĵǣҰ򼶱붼ɵ᲻Ⱥı־õعǷ־õعǷܹס
ֽ³һĿɴŲŵ˧ܹնɱµ᲻ᱩҲ֪һܹס
˵һµֶܹԷһνһԵؽеĺ˵ӳȥҪٴȥѰʳҲ˵Ǿĵڣʱڳ˧ľҲǣǵķҲǿˣԷʧȥȺֻǱ뾡콫ɱ˧ĴΪڵʳֻܹ֧졣
¶ϣ˧ľӴʳɣ
ͷţҲࡣԣǲҪٶȽɱҰսӽҪɢΧǲܹȥܹʳõ
λĿڳϣ׷׵ͷȴûǵ˼ǶҪԼȥɱֻ򼶵룬ֲܹԲ˼ſڡ
ڻƺӰ߽ˮ˵ʮʽ֮ߵʵҲ֮˧۷塣ʱԼ˧۷徿ﵽʲôʵоˮĺôûнֻǲһܹͻƵ˧ڡ
ѾɱһһѪɫӣԶһûһѹλվߣȥ򼶵룡
λųȥȻлŻɣȴʮּȻֵţͲ޵ķʸܹնɱ򼶵룬ȫɱˣֻɱһҲǷϵ͸¶һ˿⡣
λӵųŷΧһ¥ȥͬһƬĴ˵ˣжѷŵʬ壬ɢʬÿ˵϶˾˫Ŀľ
λ֣ǵɫû˿ı仯ֻľųǣЩֻǷϵڵϣͷ˫֮䡣ǣվЩ˸λҪλҪʲô
վ̨֮ϣվλǼʮٱ꽫˳ȥܿһһ롣
ȡսǼʮٱĿⲻһǲ׳Ҫʲôվ̨֮һսʲôղųڵٶ̫죬ʱǲûϳꡣ
һݣųȥǼʮٱɫһ㶣ôߵ̨ȥ
е˶嵽̨ıϣ·ȥ
顭
˵ϣȻһųŵڵһȺûֱӷɵֻһĸǰڵֻķȥҪһһͻƵ˧ڵϣֻܹһ֮ǰͻƵ˧ڡ
ҪҵսҪѹҪ˷ѹֻһֻѹֻȺвܹõ˷ѹ
䡭
ȺУʱ࣬һ룬һ붼ȥѰʳˡֻһҲһ޼ʡ
սˮͬκһغХȥһ˸߹һˣһ˵һˣ֮׷ױ飬̨ȥͬһнһп
̨ϵйٱ𾪵ųΣɵ૵˧𣿡
ȻСǱΧļʮٱɳʼ𾪱˾ϲ
˧ߣ
ţһߵͷһ߽ĿųӰ
ǡΧĹٱӵؼԮ𣿡
ȻܾĻ᣺ԮѾˣĺߡ
̨֮ϼžôһ˲ȻʮԮͬһشԮˣԮˡ
ʮ˵ȥ̾ͱĹٱˣϻһƬţӵΪֿʼˡ漴Ǿ̨֮ϵںʲôɲѸ˾ϲһųǽ֮ϣΧ¥һ߱ţһߺԮˣԮˡ
󣬺ܿǺһƬӿ˹׷׵ϳǽʹ¥·ȥ
ǵҰУһӰȺǰͦţÿһӳ۴⡣
˭
Ԯ𣿡
ôһˣ
ÿһעų꣬һ߳šȻֻǿһˣʧлڴԮͻ֡ǽأЩ˾ͰԮˣǵĿ˼άһ˵ӰҲû
ĩǻûм͵࣬ڳȺͥŲÿһӳȴͬɽХһ㣬شݻ赲ǰһ롣ЩŽһµڳǰľֽһ㡣


518 նɱ
ˣ
ʱںȺеڿʼųΧɱ˹ԶǸһſڵϣͷû̧һ£͸˵ˡ
ûκһΪһʲôˣǿǶſԭزᣬ˵򣬾ǳ괳ҲֻһСΧɱꡣ
䡭
ĵͬһӿȣոճֻȻ飬ͬһʻ̹ѹ
⡭ô졭ڵĹٱĿɿڴ֮ǰҲûпǻɱ룬Ǵûѹ
䡭
ڳĵ֮˺֮صʣڵĹٱ
⡭ʲô
䡭
һʼ飬赲һ˿ǰڵйٱ۾ֱˡ
䡭
ۼڴӵվһվضΪ֮ϵ׺Եۼһжٶȼ죬Ӵͬһųײ˹ʮǰͬʮųХն˹
ڵо߬ȭͷǿ֪ۼʮ׺Ҫ󽫲ܹԸһֻ룬δܹնɱЩˡ
ϡ
Ⱥ˾޴ĽײĺһӰŴֻۼм𣬵âӣֻǰնϣγȥηɵͷ߶ȣֻͬʱſųҧ˹ȥ
䡭
һնһֻͷδ˳ȥĵۼʼųΧ˹
겻ֻȥԭغ뽻սһɱɱСʱڳĽ£ڵǳ֮ڿٵģܸѹԽԽ󣬵ȴսⰻȻѾоԼ˼ޣˮ֮ļݺᡣ
ն
ļ䱬˳ȥڱһ죬ܹۿһȦ˻ȥȵڳڶͻƵ˧ڡ
𡭡
׳ХƺХҰ
䡭
һնܼȺʱһտͨâ֮е뾡飬ʹǵۼ롣

һƬĻһóΪ֮һеľжΪ֮һ·һֱѹͷƱһɨ⣬Щػš
һЧ̾óԼʵһʶȻʱ˧ڣսȴﵽڡ
ಡ
γͬһһԶֻһ˹ȥ
ֻ뻹ſڵ϶ߵսᣬһԴȺУҲǸոչϣʱأųȥѰʳʳͻŲԸ⶯һ¡
Ȼо˼ȵΣѸٵؿȻ̧ͷͼ߿֮һڼٵطŴ
â
ǵâ
ĿĵâޱȾ޴ĵâӿն䡣
̫ˣ
һ㡭
ͷո̧ؾûмУǵâʹͷն
䡭
׵ľ޴һ£Ȼۻζ֧Ҫվ
Ȼ󡭡
ͻȻ룬Ȼˤڵϡ
ಡڿһڷȥ
ɡڵĹٱĿɿڴſзеĳꡣ
ڷɡ
˧
˧
˧
оˣ
оˣ

һƬЩȺУ󽫾ȴûлϵɫȴֻ𾪡
֪˧ߣǡ˧ܹɱ൱񾳽
ǸֻһҲ򼶰
ಡ
δӿ£̨֮ϡ
˧󽫾ɫꡣ
ͷһӶȥոͻƵ˧ڣǸû˿նɱʱûĶǳ֮
ܿľһֻһ룬һЦȥնɱһֻ룡
˧ҪҪϢһ£Щĵʵ
ã
γֻӶȥڿһӰ˫սڵǳ֮һһ˫ֻۣս֮Уɲǲͬǳ֮ǳ˼Ǳ֮עս֮Уսںڰų貵Ĺâ
ֳȥ
ȥնɱˣ
ȥնɱ𣿡
һǣ
һǣ

ȺУȥһѶϢѾͨеķʽ˹ֻһվĿſͬһƿնĳꡣ
𡭡
һȻֻǰͬһųȥ
䡭
ս貵ĵâǱóһһնһһǰۣն壬âƿ壬һǰмһ
䡭
߱飬޴Ȼڳ
ಡ
γڵ̨֮Ϸȥ
⡭˧˧ɱ翳вһ㣿󽫾ʱҪˡȴΪһֵĺÿһ˶˻ߵغŷйеıơ


519 ɱ
飡̨֮ϡ
˧ʱ󽫾ĿѾ˾η
Ϣһ£
곯󽫾ͷȻϯضȡһƿҩ£ַʳһƬ֮Ļ꣬Ȼ۾
ҩҩϲ֮Чóǳָ֮úܿ죬Ҳ֮Ȼóǳ֮һ˿
𡭡
⴫һŭ𣬳вһѵΪԼɱһ룬ֻķŭҪʼˣ۾
üͷ˧ټĺټЩȥѰʳ룬ֻҪЩٴηʱ̡
жʱ䣿ʵ
Լյʱ䣬ͻȫص˵
ûصͷȻֱ۾
Իصλ۾㿪ʼһȥڵľ̸ٵתԻصԼĸλεжǰζҪ˺ܶ࣬Ҳࡣ
Ƕ˳ϣȻ˳ǿ˵ĿⲻʱųڵǸ̨֮ȥȻ˿̨ϵĳ꣬ȴǽĿķ
Сʱ֮󣬳۾̨֮վٴ˳ȥһһ롣
˧󽫾Ŀⶼ˳ꡣ
ȥնɱһֻһ룬÷
ǣ󽫾ؾһ
ಡ
γ˫ֽսǳ֮ͨǱתעս֮ڣͷ貵Ĺâ
˧ȥɱˣ
˧ȥɱˣ

ͬһԶţЩפľ񿴲ӰҲĿǸȥǸϢ
ȺֻһѾӵվ׵ͬһСɽһ㣬˫Ŀŷ۵糸ĳꡣ
Ѿɱֻһ룬ʱֻԳҲûһ˿ӣһȫֻǰҫɵ̹⡣
䡭
֫ڵһ٣Ϊ֮ѣӴγֻǰ۷̹ն˳ꡣ
䡭
սһǰ۶ײһ
顭Ӵź󷽵
ಡεɶȥ
еһƬţû֮ǰһնɱľǴʱնɱһֻʱֻûüվڶֻҲûʹȫΪֻһ˫۲ûͷų̹⡣
ֻȴһǰϱ̹⣬Ȼֵܹ貵ĵâ
䡭
гٴγ룬Ҳɵ˿кͳսһ̶̵һ֮ڣһһ໥Ի¡ʱʶһǰֻǻûüʩչǵͱնɱ
Ҫȳ֮ǰڴ˰նɱֻѪɫ̫࣬ƶٶȼֱһ㣬Ҳǳ˰弶ʱѾֻһ˫ǰնΡ
ԶԶһ󷽣ֻʮߵʱҲվų˹
𡭡
ֻȻһ
𡭡
һߴһӦֻһ롰ط˿УһӰųȥ׼͵ֻǰлꡣ
ڵľǣһֻȫһ붼óӦԣټһֻһ룬ﻹڣ
䡭
еսֺݺݵغͶӲƴһˣȴǽһ֮εٶȻһڿӰֱ˹ȥ
⡭˧ҪʲôԾſгӰӻѵҪһ˵ֻ룿
Ȼ䣬ڵľɫһΪǿһ˼ľ
Ӱһһʧһһ֡
̫ȭͨ
貵սǱݺݵһǰ֮ϡ
䡭
ͳͬʱˣһת˵ֻ룬ƱХն˹ȥ
䡭
͵ֻһδսȫȥǵֻ룬·Ѿһ㡣
ǵֻڿסΣųĺ󱳳˹ֻǰͬͷĹâ
˧󣡡˻ߵشš
ǳȴǸûͲ֪һɳ˹ֻǰڼٵؽӽĺġ
䡭
ͻȻǵֻڱһֻڿоһ٣Ȼҡŵ׹䡣ͨĵһ졣
䡭
սٴκ͵ֻӲһȻһ壬ڿסεĵֻ˹ȥ
ֻôˣһƬã
ֻ뿴˸ĳ꣬ס˿еΣֻǰۡ
䡭ڶڱ졣
ۡ
Ǿ޴ͬͻȻ˷ѣڵĽҺӷ˳ֻ뷢һ
ͬ׹أգۼ͵ͷǰ貵ĵâݿѾ˵룬޴ڿ֫⣬ӿ׹¡


520 ׵
ڿһһֻһңңԡ
𡭡
ֻŭһųɳ˹
˵׼ĿȻͨߺ
С
Ӱٴһһʧһһ֡
һݺݵնһֻϡͬʱ˿ͣķ򼲷ɶȥȻͷһնͬˣȻѾ׷롣
䡭
˫мʱһС͵ĺڶ֮ƣһƬ
û˿ͣ٣ųɳ˹ȥȴǵ˳ȥһѪ
̾ףԼĿǰߵʵͲĶ֡ôأ
ˡ
ʮɽڿ۳һ󽣡һ˲䣬ǸѾ嵽ǰ
䡭
۳ľ޽վһǰ֮ϣ󽣵˻ֻһĶײԼԾʵҲǰĶ֡
䡭ֻһڴһڿҡҡ׹
˧˵󺰡
ಡ̾⼸ֵ˼˲ȷ˿׵뷨˿ԥмȫչڷȥ
ǳ꾫ķٶȴҪֻֻ̫࣬˲̨֮ϣ˿ٶ롣
ͻȻ޴Ģź˵׼ػǸ룬ֻ޴ڿз
䡭
һֻһڵڶ죬˲ͬѣҺ˳
䡭
˵˹ԭѾشֻ塣
һ˵ɢǾ޴ȴڷȻص˵档
䡭
أһƬ̨֣ϵĳĿһ뾹Ȼֻ΢һˣҴʱڻָѾֻ룬ʮ

곤³һѾоֻ뱩ŭ˼㣬Լɱǿֻһ룬Һ˵ҲˣЩСྐྵȻܹ˵Ѿŭ˼㡣ֻҪٸӵʱ䣬ָܹƣٴη𹥻
һ󼢻ӿӶֻǰ۲ֻԵھ;׽һգȻٲ壬ٳԡ
ֻǲʮӵʱ䣬ͳֻ룬Ȼųķ򷢳һŭ
ǰһվ̨ıԵ
˧ס˳ǻܹһκ˵
˰ֵû£
顭
ҽһ̨̤ͬһڵһس˳ȥֳ̹ͨССң
ֻµһ˫ЬϷ˲һɫĿ׼Ϊظ˳ȫ
⡭ʲôĿࡣ
𡭡
һڴһ壬ѳһƬ֣޴γȥ˿еĳꡣ
ֱ̧ۣСϳһǹеģװãͷǰǹеͼһ㣬̼װáһе
ѾĿ꣬Ƿ񿪻𣡡
𣡡귢ָ
ֻӳСϵǹеһĴָϸĹߣֻ˲˾껹а׾롣
𡭡
һֻǰ赲ǵ
˻
ǵ谭жֻǰۣͷȻ˳ͷ·и
ֻһ˲䣬ǵʹͷиβֻӴмѳ룬ӿеȥ
㶵վڿУ⻹һսû뵽׵Ĺ˵ı̬Ҫֻ֪ǷСϵǹеļϻڻװáǹеأ

곤³һССҷָϵĿֻҺ壬ͷʼ·Ȼֻһ˫Ь
ಡ
̨֮ϣ̨Ͼĵģе˶ͬľżһųꡣ죬ͬһľżһתŲţڵϵǸʬ壬ӱһʶŻعʵȻתͷ˳꣬Ͱ͵˵˧ղšǡʲô
국һЦҵԵżڵĿף
ɬһĭȻߵ̨Ը򼶵붼ˣ˧Ƕɱˣǵþˣ
䡭
ڻһƬջһ˧
˧

䡭
Ȼ䣬Ĵؿʼ𶯣˻Ȼתף㿴еȺؿʼǳ˹
ڰСʱڻű̺ʽСʱȥҰսӽ
ǣ˧žһһ
ಡ
շȥս˦˼ҵĽս֮Сû򼶵룬Ȼ﹥ңڵоոտ˳նɱֻ룬֪ȥԮʱľѾﵽ۷壬ؽĽ赲档
Сʱ󣬳ŵҰսѾΧصȴš
䡭
ڼеڻűըûڻ֧֣ڵḻ̌о˾޴ѹʱƣ˳ǽ˫Ѿʼⲫ


521 
ȡսһɱ
ɱ
ҰսڻֹͣɲǼǵķ˳ȥǰľǸһǧߣһǧÿ˵϶˿ףֶŵǹеսһǹ˳ȥ뿪ʼ
һǧ֮󣬾ǵҰսǧߣͬϿףֶŵǹеǹս
ǧߣȻûпףҲûеǹеǵսҲԶԶسͨʿ
ա
ЩͨʿǰѾ߳ķѣֻںո룬Ҫǰ˺ܶࡣ
ͬһһӿڶǰͷľǳ꣬ڳֻԣصˣһС׶󡣳Ϊ׶⣬ս裬һâݺռ䣬赲ǰ׷顣
һ֧͵޼ɵѹ˹ȥʧȥ򼶵ֻƾűܵķ񣬵ȴûܹƳֱڻ˰СʱʵѾ䡣
ǵıŴ򿪣¡¡س˳ڣ֮źȻرա
Ұս̵˳ǽΧĴ¥Щļ룬رǽǧߵļ赲Ĺơ
ɳ˳⣬սʮɽΧΧǼٵطӡ
ಡ
ʮɽȺݺύеսһâΧǷһȦն룬ֻǷһȦڳǽھĺ£ͽϳǽ֮ϵѹȥ
һѹȥ˵Ұսļ룬ڻļ룬ټϳ꿪ʼΧǵڶȦĺɱĹʼֳ˰Сʱ뿪ʼˡⳡҵսڽˡ
ǽ˿ٵת֮С
е߼еһ˫߼ﵽһǧˣһǧ˷ֳĸӣÿնųȥɱ룬ͨٱηְ𡣶ڵİȫͶ˽֮С
ʱѾ֪Ѿż׵ķż׵ĹѾתֿ׵ĲϾ壬رϼѵĲϡ
´Ҫ̵ʱڰѵҰսеĹٱװֿףǧߡ
е߶ȥɱ룬󽫾еλֻų뵽Ԫռڵ뽨֮ڡ
һ޴Բοռ䣬ڿռһԲ׵ľ޴Բ̨Բ̨֮ϵʮһ״Сĸͼʮͼ֮仹һĴֵָİһ
˧վǸƽ̨˵Ʋƽ̨Ԫռ࣬뾡˸ְ취Ҳܽ俪
ͷָƽ̨񣬵ȴ񡣳þɨƽ̨ÿһطϷŹȴû˿ķ֣ƽ̨ĲҲʶ
ƽ̨Ĳǿ֪
֪ɴҡͷ
΢΢һüͷкη֣
üͷƲһʮͼйϵȴƽⲻʮͼĺ塣ʮͼһſѶϢ
Ҫƽʮͼĺ𣿡
꿪ʼΧƽ̨תĿع۲ʮͼʮͼڳ˵̫İˣҲʵ̫ˣҲһ˿ͷ
ͣס˽ŲתͷоһЩʲô𣿡
ҡͷûУǵоԱΪһֻ֣ʮִʲô壬ϣȫûһ˿ͷ
ҲЩɥⷽûйоͷĿһǰһͼ֮ϡ
ȻһþͨССң
µһ˫Ь˲һ׽档ͷڵ˫Ŀ֮ǰֳһ򡣳̷ָƽ̨ϡ
ѾڷԺ󣡡һе
ɫһ㶣ų괩ϿףаҪʲô
Ȼ𵱳иĳаҪƽ̨иɣ
Ŀ˳ֱ֮ϣֱ֮ϲûг˿־ǹеųһ
еڳĶٴ𣺡Ϊʯ
ʯʲôʵ
ʯǵʯһڵΪؿǵıǨرĲϡ
ǵʯϵʮͼʲô
Ժڼ⣡Ǹеٴ
꾲վȺţһԵһվҲ֪ʲôȴһӣ㲻Ҵų꣬Ҳվһԡ
еһ𣺡ƲһֿװãҪעͼ֮Сע⣬ֻƲ⣡ע⣬ֻƲ⣡
ͼڵ
ǣԵڶǸе
رգ
귢ָֻҺ̬ͷʼŽձһ˫ЬһԵĽųµЬ
ǰƽ̨ϵͼЩԥǲҪעȥ˰ǿƲİ֪Ѳ׼
һҧת׶ĿҲҪעЩͼ֮СػҪκǰҡ
ǣ
صͷѾ֪껹һߡΨͤԣ۾һóȻһߣ˵ҵ˿ķ


522 ڶ
ǰһͼһҧü͸עͼ֮С
ˡ
ƽ̨һǸעͼ˸һ¹һԵһϲĿ¶η֮ɫ
Ҳһϲ漴һΪԼľȻԼƣǸͼעȥ
бһţҪжϾǾͲܳĿƣرǸͼȡ
в֪ԼʶڵľǷ㹻ʮͼȡ̷ֳһƾͨڵ磬ڵľųʶӿʶڵľתγһ޴У͹ľ֮ڣתɳľʶڷͳȥľ
ʯϵĵһͼȫȻâ˳Ĵָϸİһͼչȥ
ڶͼʼصĸʮ
ʼò԰ףʱʶڵľѾʣ˲ʮ֮һиӵػң̼Ӵ˹ͨڵľڵľӿسʶ
ߡ
һƺߣڱ֮ѪһԵһοʼҡΣҪȥ꣬˳֮ǰҪֻд˫ֽؿųꡣ
ʱʮֵػ̼ڴľӿʶٶ̫죬̫󣬳оԼʶѾﵽ˼ޣʶơʱֲܹϿͨͨһУΪ΢һò˶ʶڵľͻᱻʯϵͼһգǸʱʶͬᱻͼȡñ㲻Ҳһֲˣڽ뵽һᣬжϹͨľͨжͨƺҲһ
ֻӲͦȥˣ
һҧάǸͨžҵͷʹʶͷ·һתеĴȻͨǸʶڵתľٽԼľͳȥעʯϵͼ֮С
ʮһͼʮʮ
ʶڵľѾúСˣҡҡ׹ҪʶڵľѾʯϵͼȡʶѾ˱ıԵ
ܹȥˣȥʶһɡ
걧ű֮һμӴ˹ͨľͨ
䡭
Ӵľ˳ʶɺԵʶ̳ľԭѾɱʶռȻһ͡
⼫ȵ֮Ǽȵͣʶоһ죬ʶȻţһ飬ͨһƬµʶ˲һƬҲûǴӿľʹС
˲丣飬ԥһμӴ˹ͨľͨڵĴӿسʶ
䡭
ʶڵǸɾɵȻţҪ֮ǰлҪ󣬷ڵľȻתɳľųľӡ˳ʶעʯϵͼ֮ڡ
ˡ
ڵʮͼʯϵʮͼâţڵʯת
ͼжȡľ͸оһɣһѣεĸо̹˲ȥʯϥڵϡ
ڵĴԴԴϵͽʶʶڵٴתž
ʱڵʯʮͼۣȻ۳һˣνرٶɱ档Ŀһת˳ϣ㲻ƶֱֱֻضųꡣ
𾪵ǰˣӶеˡȻ֪ǲż࣬Ҳû뵽һˡ
ࣿʵ
Ǹȴû˿ķӦֱֱֻضϯضĳꡣ
ĸĵؼʵǹɲֱֱֻضƵĳꡣ
Σһ۱۾ĳֻ꣬վһԵȴš
Сʱ֮󣬳ʶɢˣһΪĳӣڲϢʶ֮ڡ
ж˺ϵѾָ۷塣лϲޣʱľѾƷļڣȼѾ൱ļʱѾףƷ൱һ൱൱οȻ˼ȵգȴһ·ͻƵƷļڣﵽ˿Ȼ͵ʵ
ãδӾһ·ˮ˵ʮʽҽ˧ڣǿŵƷļ
۾㿴ƽ̨Ǹˡû˿ı䣬鶼ˣ͸ԾһˡӵվǸʵżࣿ
ʵǣǸ˸ǵ꿪ʵʱȴ̴ȻԳʵǿ֮ˣ
ǣҲͷĸ
Եڶ˿˵
Ȼǵа˵һе磬֪ڶһʲô
㡭ôƺʵ
ԳƺΪǸ˿˵Ϊǵڶһ硣
Ŀ˵ʯϵʮͼһѣعۿǿЩͼ͵ĩ֮Щеķһ˿
ʲôʵ
򣬷ܹع򣡡


523 
΢΢üЩڵʮŵڶĴڣͿ̻źܶͼʮ־޴󡣴һ㿴ȥͿƲǿ
ǵڶθģ
ʮԻ¶˳ɫ˫˫ðһͼЩͼ֮ɳһٶʮ˵ͼ֮ЩͼͻȻˡ
ˡ
ʧˣһƴսϡһûа취ʱһֻһĴֻһϣûֻŵĽֺİٷ֮һ
ͻȻһְֻļϣͷһȴǳꡣֳѾڵżоһΣȻ˿ԾҪ񣬱һְֻסҡҡͷ
䡭
ֻŲ඼ᵽɤۣŵ۾һա漴ȴԼûʲôоſ۾
ʱΧһ޴սǿڵϣڿ෢
Щ϶һ̻ͼĿףеǹҲ̻ͼе̻ͼ
ų۾͵ɴˣֻЩЩͼһϾȻն˲ͬ
е棬еУеУеС
⡭
Ŀɿڴȫû뵽νġЩĿռ𾪵ķĹǵϣķ˸ȻĹ
ܹһ££ȴܹ޶ȵصȥ̫ˣҲ̫ǿˡرЩ߹ϵͲֵܹģʹصĿס
ջǰˡ
ϵظı䣬һͬսͬĽ඼ʧˡĳ͵Ľʮƣʣɴ뿪˵򣬽̫ա
⾰ͣȻͻȻ飬â»ֻۣһٶʮ˸ͼŷۣȻ뵽ڡ
Ѿ׼Ͼ⾰󡣵ȴˣһֱ׳
ǿĵڶĹ¸ˣĵܹ⸲Ľ𣿡
üͷΪڶ縲ľпﻹҪȵеﻹҪǿرҪһսУЩ쳣ǿ󣬶ҺǿֻﲫҲ쳣ǿҪȵеǸŻʻҪǿ
һɿʵǸĵȼλֵģ
Ϊߺ;֣߷ΪʿξУ˧񼶣ͫǼ
Ǽоһ𣬹Ȼڵڶлиһߡ
ǼΪż߷ߵʵ
ûˣЩĵʵлǺ»иߵȼߣǾζͬȸ߶ȵ
ûˣĻشһ
߷ΪƷżƷżƷżͼƷż
ɫֱѿû뵽ڶ绤ڵľҲҪȵеǿ
أ
һµŶǹǽޡǷΪλ𣬾һ׵ŽףȻΪʼۼ򼶣켶ǼǼ
ǼоһȻ໹߳һȼ
ǣ˷ϷǳԻ¶˱ʹ;ֽ֮ɫΪǼޣղб𡣡
һۣо㶼¶֮ɫʵȴԽԽˣĵڶ޵ʵƺҲ½֪ΪҲʱűԽԽͣΪʵԽԽͣЩʵǿ޻ûü֣綼ˣ
ͻȻһþͨССҵ
µ˫ЬҺ̬ܿͱһ׽档ȻԹ˵㿴⸱Σ
˵¶һ˿ɫ˫Ŀһâͷŵطɨ衣Ȼ¶֮ɫû뵽ѾﵽˮƽǵĻеˮƽܸ߰ѾǸˮƽ
Цⲻ
ǣǣ
ǵڶֳ֮һ貵֮Ϊǵˮ׼Ҫȵ˺ܶࡣ
ɫȻһ貵޸𣬵漴۾ַų˹â۵ĹǷﵽ˱ͫϼ۷˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ֪ûԹûгּ硭ޡȷʵܹ׵ػɱ򼶵ޡ
˷ҡͷɱһʲô˵ܹǼһޡˮƽ˵ܹǼеͼޡ
˵˷Ȼһ̾ǵˮ׼Ļе˵Ŀܡ׽ңܲܽ׺ͷ
ԴϲԼչʾ׵ĿľͲΪ
СС´ָȻһ˫ЬҸССӷָ
ССͨﲻϵعͨһжġһۣε¶Ц


524 Ŀ
˧Ҫȳȥɣ
ҡҡͷȳȥɣҪ
ͷȻȥǻ޵Χ֮Уܲġ˰յʱ䣬ַһӣſأ·˹ԪӱǰΧһȦϯضĶȡ˳տõһЩ⡣꿴ЩЦȥȡ¯Ӻͼǽһ
һ㶣شӵվһ߰ɣҺһȥٷ϶ζ
ˣҶǻˣҲǽйɣ󺰵
Իˣƽ̨ϵǸЩֵʵӳǸʲô˫Ьʲô
ԵڶԪռ࣬ڶɫľǷɫǻе׼ҵ⸱ԵĿռ͵ڶķռں˫Ьͨء
Ŷڶô£
㿪ʼ˽ĵڶϸ˵ûȫ꣬ʹһŲ̧ͷһͿشҶˣеҰսľֻ˽ż¯Ӻ͹ư豭֮ġ
˧쾿ǳʲôһ߽󺰵˿غü飬ǿصҡͷ˵ֱ뵽Ծǣ˧ߣ˵Ļһĩ֮ǰʳɣһ뵽ĩ֮ǰʳĿˮͲ˳
ЦǺǵ˵ǳԴ࣬лײˣܲ
ÿ˵һʳ֣˾͡ˡһһڿˮɫó죬۾Ź⣬޶治ɫʱ˫ȴڲ
ˣһڿˮڰֵߵǰأأ
ȡһС׺һС棬ȻȡһЩ߲˵𣿡
ᣡĩ֮ǰڼҾ
ȻֹɫȻļˣҪǸɻɣ
ǣ
ɫָֻ˹۾ַ˹âе˶æӵĽӵ磬ӱӱ˵ĳˡ
ΥζƮڿռ䣬˿ˮã˳ϵһ֮۾㷺죬ĩǰЩȥ˺ѡ
ȡ˼ƿƣһߺһţҲ˽ȻΧǣڲʱعǣŵҰսĵʧȥ򼶵ޣѾû̫в
ѧѾʼֻ֣ҪһɹЩʱ
ʳôĵʵ
Ѿ֯ߣֱЩİΧȥɱʹõޣʳѾˡ
ͺã
һڵʳڵˡ޷͡
죬궼غ˶뿪ȥɱޣֻֻҪܵԳṩʳ
һֱ죬һֱƽ̨϶˫ЬĹ˷ڶƽ̨վ˫ЬҲһһž޴ĽƬڹ˷ǰ
˷üһâǵâž޴ĽƬϣٵؿ̻һصͼ
ʱֻгһˣԭڵϣȻӵĿ⾼ŽƬ
˰죬źҲú
Щͼ̫ˣֻЩͼرŽƬϣû˿ı仯û˿Ĺâ˸ܹоơ
˻˻
ռƽȲϵһصͼڲϵγɡ
Ƿ𣿡
һʱܿعȥ˷̻ŷ洫˽ŲҪ꣬ȴ˳Ŀ⾼ضƽ̨֮ϣæͣ˳ųĿȥ㿴Ǹ˷ü֮һһŽƬϿ̻ʲô
Щŵ˳ŽƬ˹ȥбֳ֮ɫ
ӳڸʲôʵ
ĿƫͷڸҵĿף
ǸƬĿףС죬һľ
꿴˶ˣЦˣǲҪˣҲ
ҲЦȻ֪Լ˴ЦҲŵ˷С
һһѯ֪Щʧȥ򼶵ͳ죬ֹ˼޹֮ѾʼˡҲ˵ǵΣѾˡҾݿѧ˵ֽ֮Ὠɹ
֮ҲΪˣֻԺؽǡǳ˴˴ЩҲÿ˴һ濴Ŀ׸ôˣһҪģ췹ԡ
ʱ䡣
˷ͣŽƬֻҺ̬һ˫ЬЬصͼ
Ͽ˷Цеųꡣ
꽫˫ЬϣȻͨССң´˿ָ˫Ь̱Һ̬Ϸ˲ͱһ׽档
оһ£ҲоʲôССҹͨССңΣ
ݼ㣬͹õ˼ûмʶǼ޵ʵǿԿ϶ҪȵŻʶսǸǼǿ
ԴϲɽĿ˹˷Ǽޣ֪ǷܹǼ޵ȣ


525 ڶ
ҡҡͷǵڶֵߵȼҲǼǷĿռˣͻеΪܹǼޣܹǿЩҲֻǸǿһЩҲ൱ǼļȴԵֵ弶
ͷܹﵽ˳̶Ѿǳ˲ˡδһʱԼܵκвҲʱ仹ܾã뵽鲻һɡ
رգ
ֻҺ̬·һ˫Ье˶Ľųµ˫Ь˫ЬĿҲ͸¶żĩӵһݰȫоһݳޣȴӵһݰȫС
Ŀ˫֮ջأĿӹԼ壬ȻһͻȻӿһ𶯡
׵ǿˣԼ廹Ǹ壬˧ڣƷļľԼûףԼҪԵǼ弶ϵޣԼаȫ
վԼģ
ҪĩǲеģտĻԼ
һĿû˼֮ɫһƬ̧ͷ˹˷ǵڶܹǼƷʲôĹ
ţ˷ͷҪַһĹһǸߵкֻܶ࣬ʮ֡ǿȥھͰЩ͵΢С
Ŵȥڽ뵽ĵһͿĴ֮ڵ˳ǽڷһȦԣֻѾ֪꣬ЩԸˡ
˷µƽ̨ͻȻŹâһ˳ŵϵһֱͨһ̨̨ԡŷԭڵһֱߵĺۼԹ˷ڵƽ̨Ϊģߵķʽһ̨̨ӡ
εεΡ
һ죬һ̨̨ԼҲһӵʱ䣬˷㿪ڵǿԿˣ
ؽɴظԱһ̨ȥѸٵشһļ꿴úܿ죬ûȥϸЩֻȥЩĽܡǼʹˣҲķ˳һʱ䡣
ʱЩˣΪʲôڶܹô೬ԽǿߣΪЩΪЩܹľͨʮʮ־Ҳܹ˵ľƷż˲Żĸ֡
ȻҲеֻҪЩܹǼ߼Ʒż߻Ǿ߶Ҫʡ
߱ʵ˸ٺõĹһҲξûоʵ˾͸ˣƷһҲ޷Խ
Ȼ㿴˵ڶĸǾǵڶķǻǰ̴Ѩ󱳵Ѩµͼ˫Žģ˫ķֱ̻һЩḨߵüĴ̻һ
뿪˵ԣص˹˷ĸǰ˵ЩϿԴӦҲ㽻𣿡
Ȼ¿ңҵˡһȡһеָ
ãľһɵҲԶʱһָһˣʱǸ˵ָͿˡ
ǣ˷ͷ
ͷһЩڵԸǰˣȴûʲôġֻô̵ʱԼƷļľҲֻǴԵؿһֹĽܣҲͱһ׹ˡҲĸɣԵڶĴʵǾţһëҲͲлˡ
ر˰ɣ˵
ǣ
˷ͷЩ˲رաڵǰɫһ㶣漴̱۾Լһ쿴ϣЩҲǾӢڸոտЩӴĹʱ򣬾ЩԣһֱţǶǳǵѡһʺԼĹʱڷţȷԼǡ
㲻ܹ뿪𣿡
ţ˷ͷҵĻΧƽ̨֮ϡ
ͷﻹӦкܶûдͽаɣ
ţ
΢΢üͷ˷ܹ뿪˵أԼڽҪؾǡ΢Ѱ˼һµдЩϵĴɡ
УһһңдҪе֪ʶҲҪʮ㴢϶ģҿΪκ⡣
֪ЦҲܹֲܹ뿪
ʱڵԸǰҲȺ۾ų˹ÿ˵ɫǳƽǵж֪ѾԼ׬ˣûٽԿ
Ǹķܹ̻𣿡
Ȼ˷Ȼҿ̻ķõģ
˵ĿⶼһĿǻڳϣΪǴʱѾ֪˷ֻġĿɨһǰˣӱԪͲ˵ˡ˶뿪ԼԼεˡ
أ·˹Ȼվ뿪δһԼᶨѡֻԺҲûϣԼˡֻҪǼʶԼʵܹ㹻ĺôԼǻˣһжпܡ
Ϊÿ˶̻ܹķɣ
˷˫Ŀ֮âܿÿ˵ɨһ飬Ȼˣ˳֮⣬ûʲôʵˣмȻһǱҲ˼ޣûıҪˡ
ͷһԼСеЩͨǸԭ


526 ˵
ֻǸǿ̻ķͿˣԿ̻ĸ
ǾͿʼɣİƣȻĿɨˣĿӱǰŮʿȣǿʼɣ
ӱɫһϲӱһ诣ɣ
ӱһƵǰ棬뵽ҶлᣬֻѣҲûпǰվ˹˷ĸǰŹ˷
˷˵·ѵ
ѡ·
ǣ
ȫȫ𣿡Ͱ͵˵
Ȼ˷ıû˿ı仯
⡭ͨ˳ꡣ
Ժ˲ҲԼ£Ҳһ죬ֵ߰ɣ
䣬󲽵ؾȥҲӱԥһ£Ҳų˳ȥϯض˴š
ԼȥһСʱ˽Ų˳΢ͷȥҡ
ɹˣΣ
ţͷ
ʲôоӱҲʵ
ţ˼һµʱԪٶֹҾڲ£ҲڲͣԪȻܻʱǧ֮һȴʱ̲ͣա
ôǿ˶Ծصɴ۾Ҳ⡣
΢Ѱ˼һµµȵǴͨʮ֮Чǿ
ȥˣӱҴҵܽ˴š
ӱһȥԼֻÿ˳ʱɫЩŹ֡վ˹˷ĸǰᵽ˹˷档
Ͳʲô̻ͨı徭硣üģǰأ󱳣˫ĺ˫ĳľ·ı䣬γһͼͿ
ҲӱΪʲôسˣЩΪʲôɫŹֵسԭڸı䵤ﴦľ֮ʱһµĸо̼ӲصӱҲϪˮ
ǵȵЩһ̻ϣ̾͸о֮ǳ֮ʼڻ۶ȻǻȴʤڳͣҳܹоԼڲ£յٶȴﵽǧ֮壬ҪǸ߳屶ؾԼڴͨһԭ򡣶ü֮ЧͬʹԼľڻ
ϯضתǳ֮ǳ֮֮ǰʮ屶ٶڷӵתһϲõչȻ˾̸оٶҲԭʮ
Żص֮Ǳڵĸʩ£ַԼٶһһ鲻ɴ
ˣ˷ͻȻѹԳ˵ҪҪŮӱҿ̻Ӱ죬Ҷ¼ˡ
ɫһ㶣ԺвɶƵسֳϪˮľָ𵱳Ǹɽзķ顣ڵһŹ˷һһ˶ƨ
ˣҪ飬˵ӡ
ҴҴ·Ƶ棬˶档ɫӴ˿ｫκ롣
˾ǵͷҪĵطǾˣҲ֪ӽ󣬾Ҳܹˡ
ӱȥѡһٸߣﵣǽԶפڴ˵أ
ǣӱһ񣬴Ҵȥ
£ɢ˰ɣ˵
ǣʱеҲؾһ˳ȥֻ˳ˡ
ǡȥɣ
¶һ˿Ȼת߽˴ţظо໥˵ʲôҲܹо˴˵
ڴڵԶ˶΢΢ͷȥԷԴǸɽзǼ˶ػر顣
鲻ǶˣڿأҲһجΣڿǼ顣ã˹ϵȻ񣬵˻ࡣ
кܶʧȥǵº﷢˹ϵֱǲס˭ҲԸ
ԣȻʧ˳꣬ȴҲѶԳʲôҪ󡣵һ·Ͽųɳĳ̶ȣֺѲϳꡣʱ͵͵עų꣬ʱҲԸػ
һ뵽˷Ǽ飬ȴֱԳ꣬ڶԳ꿪˵ԼİĽȵӻ͵Ŀе֪ŮͳĹϵ͸ǽһݰĵףڱһµ̬
Ըһӳ£ֻҪڳߡ
ʱҲܸӣɽзǼóһΣȴ֪δ£װŻʱͻȻһȻŪˣΪһȴܹûз
ҲһֱĬԭҪҲͬԸ˺ر֪Լİ֮ʱ
СôùҪ֪ž磬о쳣עӣÿζطͨһɨıľ硣
ӵΪѣһֱ֪ξǽǹ˷ѾĵǶηļ⼸ĬĬظԼߣıˣҪһǵȵʱ޶ܹ侲Եĳ꣬ȴ


527 Ͷ
죬ȴһ仰诣ｻ㣡
ңã̧ͷųꡣ
ǣǳҪҪｨһоңȻڹҵģҲǿһǰ͹ҵоԱһоĸȴһ㡣һһͷ˵뿪ֻ֮һ˵ָҲ˹㸺𡣡
ŶЩʧ䣬ԭΪ֮Ĺϵ᾿δȴû뵽顣һ뵽꽫ôҪ齻ԼԼһ棬Щϲųᶨصͷӳģһã
ţͷ֮ƺû˻⣬֮Сνķת䡣óͻȻоѹ
Ȼվת׶ƽ̨֮ϵĹ˷˵Ժ诵ָһ£ҳȥе¡
䣬ʹæŴ֮ȥųıӰ¶ʧ䡣ʱ򣬳ĽŲͻȻһ٣˵诣һһ֣
䣬Ӱʧſڣڴ֮ڵЦˣһֻ佥ŵЦݡ
˴ţ֮ϣͻȻס˽ŲЩһֱ˴֮ڣʱ߳˴֪ȥ΢˼һ£Ȼ˷˵ķŴȥ
˷Ѿżеһ϶͸˽ȥ
һֿģһЩܣһЩԪռ䡣һǲ鿴ЩԪռ䣬ЩԪռ͵ĴԪռͬС죬ûֿлĴԪռ䡣ⲻеʧԪռһ룬ԼٶģһҡһԪռھװŴ
ҲU̵ãڶеĴȴǴ˺ܶ࣬Ҳֻڲ˴Ĵÿһ״СԪռװʮ
Ӳֿ˳վſѰ˼һתͷŴ֮ȥ˽Ųתͷǳ꣬۾ɾһɫҲһ졣
ղŻѾڣ̬Ȼࡣ¶еЦݣȥɫһ㶣̶еҸЦݣų꿿˹ȥſ˫۽ӵ˻
ȿȡƽ̨ϴ˹˷Ŀ
귭һ۵㲻ְѡ
ȻֹղŲ˵㲻ְ¼ɣ仰仰˵Ǿ鷳ˡһ뵽ڳ屻˷̻ľͷ¼
ϽɿȡʮԹ˷Ͻе϶ͽСеĶɾ㶮ҵ˼
ȻѾɾˣ˷سųգգ۾óɫһѿ
еˣ˷ɫҲʼʮϣԼһСʱʱ䣬˽յеڶ϶͵ʮ֮С
꽫ʮ뵽ԺͻΪĵطԼҪѰһ͹ĵط诣Ժ㹤ĵطͷһ£ڸ㰲һϢĵطȳȥȻŽϵʱһҵľֻԺҲһ¡
ڴ֮ѡһΪԼڴ˵صңȻ뿪Ԫռ䣬ǵؽͷֵĽһ˽⡣ϣ겻ǽغֻԣ˼Լķ䣬ѷֵĸҲ뵽˷ڡ
ɨǰһۣǳ˵Ҳżֻһ˵ָҪһввԱɽֵĹҿԱ͸ĿԱͬɡܸѾ´ָ뿪ָֻ֮ҲｫΪһооɹҺ͸繲С𣿡
صȸȻǸѧҲŲЩֻҪоĿо˭ŲںֻԺֻ΢һ£̵ͷҲף˵ǲֹܹ꣬ǹҲ޷ֹΪżֻӳָ
ֻþ͸ˣھǿǿ˳ֳʵȻܹ񻪹͹ƽƽҲ˺͹̸еʸ
̵ػ֮󣬳Ҳĵȡ˴ף棬߲ˣмƿ׾ơ㻶һСʱ˲ŷ׷ɢȥ
żּžһĴ򿪣ͷŲԶķȥ¶˷ܣּɬһ˿ԹԹȻѾԼ˳ŵΪʲôԼѵҪԼȥ
ԥ䣬ȴڴ˽Ųɫһߣಡһͷϡ
ŲԽԽ¶ֻԵӰ뵽ȣֱųķȥվ˳ķǰһȻָûŷš
Ŵ򿪣¶˳΢Ȼ˲ָȻкţ
ŹϣԶȻʱɲֻ֪ôһǰĿģȴҲԲӦ䣬ֻǾֻԡڳĿ£ֻԵɫȴҲ̹Ȼֱųϵ˵˾Ҫ븴磡


528 ö
ţɫһ㶣ôҲû뵽ֻԻ΢һµ诺ӱǸˡ
ĻͺˣǹҵľӣʮεӱΪ뵽ӣûм븴磬ôһ븴磿
ֵֻԷ㶣û뵽ӱ᲻ǸˡںĲԼǷ븴磬ںԼܹꡣһԼ˵ĸоǳһɳ͵ľ硣
Ͷˣʮˡ
ж󣿲ʮꡣ
ȻĿ⻪񣬶ֻ˧Ҳﵽ˧ڡԳĳɳٶȣֻԼųʮǰ񾳽硣
۲ֹһοǿֲľۿԾߵݸɵһ򼶵ѪɫӺͼ롣޿൱񾳽硣˵ʲô
˵ھ߷ĸ߶Ѿ൱Ҳ˵ʵȫԺͻͱȼ磬ֻһЩѾվ۷ˡ
ΪҪǳڸ޳ռǱȻ֪ԭ򣬵ȴʲôųĵλͻûʸסǱȴƫƫס˽ȥϢȻ
˵ڶ磬Ǹ˷ȴƫƫֻӳָһͱһżҳҲôģεذżԼţǹҺֻͳϿڶżһԳΪס
ôǰʲôԥģʱ򻹲ԼڳߣԼͶ֮ģǾͻֻʣ޾ĺڡ
ԣίؾܾ븴ʱɫû˿仯ǸӳϿҵ˵˾Ӳ븴粻ҪֻӱΪ˾ЧΪ糤Ч
ֻ⻰˵ʮ¶ˣֻԾͶģھҾھӣҼ븴磬̾Ӽ븴硣Ҳ˵ֻֻһˡ
ֻԵ˼ʵʵ˵ҲʮֵظˣһҰսԼ˿ԥ̵ͷԺҰսͽˣ
ǣֻڵһվžһһҲһǵĳܾĻ֪ԺԼô죿
Цеذ˰ֵ£ԼˣԺô
ǣֻԹؾص£ѾͶ˳꣬ԿȴܹعءֻԵı֣аԵͷֻԳһµѾסһܹͨʮĹ˰ɣ
ǣֻԵֳһ˿ϲɫ˵һ顣
㻹֪׹Ҫԡ국˵֪Ϊʲôĩ֮ǰֻ𣿡
ֻɫһ㶣̶ЩȻѵ͹йأ
ţͷϵֻܹͨʮͨʮҲǲܹͻƵ񾳽磬ֻ쳣ѣҲֻ񡣵һͨʮͻࡣȻҲκ˶ܹͻ񾳽ģҲҪʡֻͨʮ£ܹʵ󽫾ģʶȥӦźܴϣͻƵ񡣡
ģֻԿЩסˡ
񰡣
ԼĴڰֻεʱܹһ¡
Ȼģ국ؿֻһ۵ܹ֮ͻƵ񾳽磬ΪǴͨʮ
˵ȡ˶ʮ֧ҩŵֻԵǰʮ֧ҩӦܹͨʮ
ֻԵӾǲһ£ĿȵǰϵĶʮ֧ҩȡʮƿҩͨʮ֮ЩҩͶûˡʮƿҩͨʮŰúøɣһᰴĹڸҩġ
ллֻԼϵЩҩȻĿ´ţ˵˾ûаһ
ҡҡͷȡһԪռݸֻԵϸһӣȻŽȥˣҰɣ˵׼
ֻ㶵ų꣬죬ʵǴԪռ䣿
ţͷģ
ֻּˣ⡭ԼոͶ˳꣬ͻôĺôԼӢߣ˸첲ҲٷϻֱȡһѶذֻԵֱпһӣȻǸԪռ䰴棬Ȼذףóҽߣ¾ͽ˿ڷϣȻָ˱ԣ
ֻ̾͸оԼƺ͸첲ڵǸռһ˿ϵַϵҩϣһϵҩʧˣȻ׵ؿ˴Ԫռڵҩ
ֻԴʱֵֻ֪ɵЦЦҡҡͷˣٸһö
ֻһкöɵˣĿл¶˾ϲĿ⡣Ҫ֪ղųóЩҩɶû˵Ǻöοȴ˵˺öǶ֪ʲô̶ȡ
ǵȵѶóֻ֮ԵɫȴʮֹŹ֡

ǹŹ֣ȲǾȣҲʧ䣬ǹŹ֡
Ҫ˵óǸһôҲûУĩ֮ǰҲǼΪ֮ͨǷĩȴǼΪϡ֮˵öҲû˵
ǳóʲô
Ȼһ̡
ĩѾȫˣֻĩ֮ǰһǹѾܾûŵ̵ζˡʱе̣Ȼڴеıһ˫۾ȴҲ


529 
һֻǸɫϱ¶˵ЦݣһӸֻԣֻæҵؽסṆ̀Ҳһ˵ȼ̣˲䷿ͼž˶ĬĬζ
ζ̵ζŶĩ֮ǰĻ䣡
˵˼Ʈĩ֮ǰʱȴ˲ʱ˵΢΢üͷȥţȴվŵɫһ㶡
ǳһ㶣ֻҲһ㶣һ㶡һǼֻҲڳķڣζ
ȻĿϵǺϣо¶̹⡣
Ȼǿе̹⣬Źϵһ
ãԵһϣĿϵǺ̡ЦسһӸؽɴصȼһڣӵܿӱϡ
˼ž֮Сһ̳꣬۾ֿһẠ̊́סջ󡣵ֿһԱߵֻԣһֹģֻʶȤ˵˾ȸˣ
ȴǰ˰֣Ȼʲô˵ɣ
ֻԵоһ󼤶ǳȫԼһԵҲ𶯡ֹǳ˾ô򵥣ȫǳ˾ĸ뵽Ҳһҧ˧˵齨һ磿
ֻԶһۣ˵̾Ʋ⡣ֻж˾֮ġԼųѾһʱˣ֪ŷֳĲͬꡣ
ǣٿ˼żãܹ˾ԼԻǵһЩ
ǺֻһǰͶġܹնɱ޵ʱѾ˼
ܹնɱ޵˾㲻ҲʵҪ˵ڶżֻϳһˣζʲôζųһżһԽѾ
ĩУһСȳ걾ʵǿѾʵһᡣڶ겻ǹһˣһ磬˸ЩߵʵǵҰսǿġ˵ڶżһˣҪʵиʵҪټϵڶż֧ţܿͻΪһʱͶʲô
ˣֻڷֳ겢ûֻ뿪ֻ̾ǳĸͶ֮ľ͸ӵˡû뵽ھԼĵϵ
ʹ˵Լ˼˴Ӵ˿һԳհ뷨굱Ȼƴǣһδĳͳĺ԰ôƴǡֲ䷳ذѸղŶֻ˵Ļ˵һ飬Ȼָֻһҩ
һ£ǳ׵طˣȵڴֻԵĿе֪ھǴԪռھסǱʱо͸ӵؼˣԼû˰
뿪֮Ѱ˼Լ֮ԼļƻǲҲӦı䣬ʱ򿪷ţȴһɬվ档
⻹ʲôģ
ҳͻȻһЩΣԼЩٵˣȻӦҪ˼һ֣ܵ´һ°ɣԼû˼ˡⶼʲô¶
ⷬΣһϾ˺ܶ࣬ҲڶķˮƽǺãʧпܵؼп˶
ڶ졣
ͻȻһ飬ʱѾصԼķ䡣ϴһ£һ˴֮ڣߵ˷ĸǰǵڶĴԪռûܹģ
ûУ˷شķǳɴࡣ
ŶͷѰ˼ҲǵڶڵĲˡҲʣµһ磬˵ֻܹǵһĶˡִܹĴԪռ䣬һ绹֪ʲôʱܹеһż
пһ뿪˴ڽʱ궼ڷŷĸоԼʵúܿ죬߷滹Ǿ档ȻЩҲʱغһ
¹󣬷ǰˡЩѧ˵еڶżҪоһƴعǰ˷֡
̽ЩѧҽЩѧңԺǾ͹쵼տʼЩѧһǵ֪Ǹ˷ָֻʱһ̱һס߾ȫֺûа취ǹ˷ֻ΢ʾһڶĿƼЩѧҳտ״£ǰһ㽾
ҲƶսƻһŷֵַΧȻеľˣ߻ͨʿȫʼΧޡڵȫնɱ֮һֵַΧȻһ·Χޡеƽǿʼؽǡ
һξʱȥѾ˼ޣһ˽֮СĴ඼ʼŷǨƶ
ʱܹ˸УеĻҲ֪ʲôԭɾȻͶ˻׼ɽھŸС
ʱٴγɹطǣͬʱȫĸڵĹ½½ȡϵҲźܶҳ׵ʧˡ
絺һЩСͺңĩսٵʱͳ׳ĬˣĹҶѾ׵ʧЩŲٵĹֻǲһҵĹݳ֣һݳ֡壬塭


530 λ
ĵֻĸңֱǻŷˡΪֻĸ֣Сֻй鸽ĸڡ
ϻָͨѶҲǻзʷǰżŷ˶ʷǰżûκһҷֵһżֵĶǵڶ͵ż
ǼʹˣĿƼҲ˷츲صı仯ĿƼչĩ֮ǰİ귢չ
Ĵһָϵ֮󣬱˴˽˸ԹҵĴȽ꾡˽ĿϾȻֻʣĸҡ
ĸҿʼָ˽ͨȻָֻпˣ½ϵĳҲֻܹڸڻָ֮䶼У͸˵ˡںǾ͸ˣںΪǿߺǺûʲô
£أ·˹뿪ˡҲص˾ǡʱʵѾ˧ڣȻƷļȴҲ൱弶ʵ
ص˾ǣٴİ칫Уȴڰ칫мֻĸˣѾһԭ˧ҲѾһб򡣹Ȼһ֮Ц˵꣬񻪹һЩ仯ԭ߸˱ʱĸˣ˧ͯ˧ͽ˧ͻƵ񾳽磬Ǽ
˵ֳϲõһϢǻȺ߸˧ߡ
һûʲôֵģΪǵӱԪ뿪Ŀص˶ͻƵ˧ǣֻԺͻ˧
һڳҩһǴӵڶеõĹϿ̻ĸ
ػͻ˧Ĳֹ߸ûüģͺñȳûлرһ£ЩֵʵҲֻ˧ڣûʲô£ҾͰرһ£Ȼ뿪
ЦŰڰֵ꣬㵱ȻʸȻʵ˧㻹Ǿ߰ҿմ˵ˣԾɱһѪɫӡǶھ˽⣬Ȼܹɱһ򼶵ޣ֤ʵĿǰĸɡ
ͷðɣȰ㱨һ¡
ϸؽʱ﷢㱨λȻ˵Ѿ˵ڶרоܸйҵĿԱ͸ĿԱɡҺܿӸѡһԱʱ͹ҵĿԱһǰ
˷׷׵ͷͷҲûа취˭õڶֻһ˵ָǸָֻ
Сˣǿ취ǳʵȴǣһ·вֻͨк
ˣҲΪ˧ˣ
һ仰ڣȴλһ㶣û˵ķ㶶Ǽ˵ҲͻƵ˧ˣҽнȫȨ𡣡
仰һ㶣ôһ˧ߣ
һ˧ȫƿһˣǳƼģҲεضһۣյͷͬ⡣
ҰսѾҴˣֻԾѾͻƵ˧ˣҾȫԵεҰսͳ˧˾ҾͲˡ
ֻҲͻƵ˧ˣЩĿࡣ
ţͷӱҲͻ˧ˣҪڸȽȱˡ
Ȼǳƽ⼸ȴѾǿˡǴʱλȴû˼ЩѾӳղŵĽ֪ڶܹͨʮĹ뵽ѵֹЩ˷׷ͻƣʱҪ֪꾿ʲôʵ
߷˧֪Ǿأ
꣡Ŀųʵھʲôʵ˵㾫൱ʲôߣ
ûе͵֪ĩ磬͵֮Ǳ㵭˵൱弶ˮƽɣ
弶
񶼴͵Żָ侲Ŀ˼ɵԥһµ񡭡
æֵ˧ǧҪ˳ƺ
ЦеųʵһܸߣǼϼһҪ㻹һߡһŰѵλø㣡
ɫһ㶣ʲô˼λøңҵλһ׳ֻ΢һ£ܾλĻǼٵģ궼Լ治ʺλӡ
껹ȱһҵľ飬Ҫĳ껹ЩǣԼҪԼʵڸǿ޽֮ǰԼñǸǿ
񣬴Ҳᣡ˵˸ֶѾϣʣµľǳؽĹǶӦ֪ŸΪǿû٣λ֮׼չأϣܹ֮ǰøΪǿҲ뱻ǣ
񡭡
ǽҳɣڻ񣡡
񿴵ɫʮϣ¶һ˿ɣͷãһжӳ˧ǼϼһģԲǣһ˿ľ
Ȼô˵ϸذԼ緢ͳ˵һһһ߸̾ǱģĿƼˮƽѾԶԶسԽĩ֮ǰ


531 ع鸴
˻飬͸һԾĶһСܷɻǻӵпͷɻ
ص˷ɻһϣżʻ̨һߴСĹ˵ɣԪռ䣬Ǳ
ಡ
ֻܷɻ˸߿գŴԪռǱȥ
ٶȲͷһ¼ٶȣ
ܷܿɻͷɵǱϿգ·㳡ȥ̱ߴķ֣ж׼ܷɻͬʱǱҲ˰˸޴ڹܣ˳ܻһڴ˳ôǱ̽䣬ӷɻڳ
þһ㶣ɵģгϣλߵơ
ܻͣ˹㳡֮ϣŴ򿪣ʩʩȻ˳ȥ
ӳɼȻûûйһɴһȺ˾ͳڳҰУų˹
ӳˣ
ľɨɣЦͷɣ󽫺۷ˣ
ٺ١ɺЦš
ĿЩ˹ȥ˵ӳЩ˶ĸ߲㣡䣬תͷȵһֱҪĸĴ棬糤ꡣ
еȻѾ²ݣ֤ʵлʮֵؼһݵ°ݼ糤
꽫ĿЩ˵ɨаԵͷʮ˶Ǵ󽫵ľ磬Ӵ󽫳ڵ󽫺ڲȡҴϵϢϿЩ˶ǴͨʮӦɰԼĵҩǵϡ
ǲ꿪ĵ˵
л糤
ʮͷżĹâЩ˾Ϊ˹ڳĴ˵żĸ硣ǰܹԶʮͬ˧һطУ͵ʱ˧ɱԪռ䣬ԭѾЩ˳ˡοմ׷ְ֮󣬳նɱ޵֮ʶһھĻᣬ㽫նɱ൱޵鴫˳ȥһȼϣھͬʱҲڵиߴ
£Ѹٵطչ߼˸磬⻹ڸ趨ż֮ʵҲҪеȱľŽյ£ڼ̵ʱͻʱͻʮˡ
Щ˼˳걾ˣôܹȴ֪ЩԭȴҲܹЩ˵Ŀп֮ɫ
ĿȺԼĸĸˣХǿȴûмλɵɣҸĸأ
ϱչˣ
ŶҸĸʲôʵˣ˵ʵ
ЦѾﵽУ۷壬Сʵúܿ죬Ѿٽ۷ˡ
΢΢һԴõҩͨ˸ĸľ֮Ȼ֪һĸܹˣҲû뵽ʵ˿졣
СҲڱչأ
ţɵĸҲԸܸ飬ǰȫľӵϣС˵ҪһϲûƵص
΢΢ҡҡͷҲҪɳжȣôģǿХأ
Ц֪зӣ֪˵Ľİ£ѾΪнĴͷˣǸĿƼˮƽѾ˻
˵ɽؿһ۳꿪Ǽֻܷɻ˵ǸܷɻǸã
Ŷ
𾪣û뵽ǿХ֡
߰ɣȥңȥǿХҲй
ǣ
ȥǿǣȻǰͷ·ųŻȥһǿХʹſڳ˽ǷŻ˽ŲХǿֱų˹
꣬ǻˣһΪѸǸˣ
˳嵽ǰʹȭͷųţһ˳ʲô糤ʲôط
ҲЦеǣǻԼšտʼǿХ˵ĶһϾѾͬˣⲻܲΪ˵ģǵЦеı飬ڷĵͬʱҲӿһů
ˣ껹ԭĳ꣡
Щڳ뿪֮ż븴ߣһǿХĿĽǿХ˵ļȥ֮󣬳ȭͷŷֱһȭοǸǴö
ǿХĿһʵַż˿Ƽϣ
вɿЦǳƼӣ͹Ĺ飬ֻĿƼ顣λǵõ˺ܶĵڶĿƼϣЩҪľǷµͷк֮ܶǰûнӴĿƼһҸǡ
̫ˣ
˱ȫһȲǴʱҲӼһЩеУû̹ܳҪʱҲߵ˸ǰ˵糤ûҩϰ
һƼӣȻ룬ȴܹ˵¶Цݵ鲿ҩҲһЩûǿХǵô߶ˡ
оͺã˵۾ġ
ҸҵԼλ£Ŀڳϡ΢Ц˵İɣһӱʱѾ֪ͨӦúܿ͵


532 չƻ1
ո£ͼſڳһӰȴӱӱʵ˧Եʲõ˳ұߣ˳ߡ
˶ˣתɵɣȰ㱨һ¡
һСʱʱ䣬ȴóĻŭţȫû뵽緢չûѸ͡ǵⷢչʱˡ
һ£ŶؽĿ۽Լϵˣһɣӽ糤ͲҪеľھǸˣƼһ˵ξǷ糤
ɵ۾һ糤Ҫˣ
˵ǻܹУǸҪڰжҪ硣ɽθ縱糤λӣͳ˴硣ǾҪѡ˸糤ȻȥѾľǷ֮⣬齨֧壬ÿֻǧˣֱ߸糤ָߴ󳬼н硣
ҵ۾糤Ƿ⽮һ氡
ˣָӣ˵ľٴξۼԼϵѡٵķ֮һʹһ³̣Ȼ³ѡ˸
һµѡŸ糤ɣǱ߻ѾȷҪһУɳнҲҪｨһ硣
ֽĿǿХһŸ罨֮ҲҪֱھŸ罨зأ˴Ͳϣ˴ͳƷܲ㡣Ҫˣû⡣
ûУӦȻǿ˵ǿвҲ͵÷һ¡ؽ֮ҪĹڵվͿԡ
ţ𣬾ø³̳
ǣӦ
鸴ķչ˵
˶һ㶣չúܺðѾǻһ˰ʲôģ
ͻȻ¶һ˿ЦݵǲǾѾչúܺˣûʲôҪˣ
Ȼû˵Ҳû¶֮ɫȴ¶ãȷʵ֪˼ʲô
ǸĿǰķչȷʵʮ󣬶ʮ󣬰֮أҪ֪һŵķչҪʲô˲ţҲҪһϼѵˣ¶࣬١Ҫһ꾡³̣ûڽԵȫ࣬ҪȫȫеŶڸ硣
Ŀų꣬˭Ҳû뵽˴־ܹδĸ罫Ϊ֮һǻŷĸҲܹڸ֮ϣֻܹƽƽһе˶ǵǰһͼ
ȫĵԶָ˰ɣ
ǣλشǿЩƼ飬ǿҪ˽ܶࡣ
˵һ飡¶ŵЦݵһʷǰżһڶż
˶ֱӣǿХǼ΢΢Ŀȵ˳ꡣ
ȸߴҵһϢǣڵڶżǷһܣ
˵Ļͷһת񶼴ͨʮɣ
е˶ͷЦ˵Ⲣļޣ
䡭
һҲסˣÿһ˶˴ͨʮĺôҲ֪ͨʮ񾳽ϣԭѾĶ㣬ʲô
ͨʮǼޣʲô˼ѵԴͨľܹͨľǲ˵ͻƵ񾳽磿ǲ˵ܹϣﵽͫ
ôЩ˼
˵Ĳڵڶżеõ˴ͨʮĹͨʮȷʵܹͻƵ񾳽øһЩҲͻƵͫϣ
䡭
ڵٴαЦеЩɫ۷׷׵¡һ֮󣬳ָӣôҰ֮ӳһըֹһõ˲˵֣
䡭
ҵһûеȳӣЩ˾Ŀۼڳϣȴų껹ʲôذըӳ
ȿȣһõʮ־ĹǿƷĹ
λڵûһƬžЩãȻųꡣ֪ǰЩ˶ߣھĲζ˽⣬˵ˣϣֻ˽⾫Ρ򵥵ظһͣϵľֻоżҶ֪ɣ
˷׷׵ͷܣҶ֪˵ֻƷҵõʮ־֣ΪƷƷƷͼƷ
ǴҵĿ⻹ЩãȻų꣬Ϊίʵ֪⾫Ʒ߼ȡ꿴˵ãȻȴҲѰ˼һ²ŷӦ˹ЦڵľƷļ൱弶ʵ֮ǰʵļ

һе˶ˣž˷Լ糤ʵϾȻѾԽ˻ҲǵһĻͣΪϵһ֡ڼ븴еһĺϢһɫǳų꣬ΪԼ븴ԼӢľ


533 չƻ2
ŵЦ˵ǸδܹϷչĻ׼߹ʮ־ְȼƷƷƷղ˵ˣȫָֻƷڻѹǰ㣬˭ؽҪѧϰ֮ĹֻһǼ븴硣ڶĻҹ򣬶Ƕļ۸񻹲һ㣬ƾһܹкܴ档
˾ǵͷаسų˴ĴָϾ˻ٵģܹ𹦷˱ϾҾҲЩΪʵѡ븴磬Ǯȥ򡣶ЩƶҪõĹֻм븴硣һҪչܡ
ƷĹǸ粻ֻۣԸڲԱۡȻǿ԰ЩĽܹϡ
е˶ĵĴЦ¾ЩҲ̲סҪ뵽С
ƷĹֻۣΪԸش֮˲ܹΪ
˷׷׵ͷжǳٴӸǿ󽫲ֹ
ĿɨˣеĿȻЩпʲôЦ˵λǶǸ֧Ҿÿ˿ƷѡһֹΪʱڸ׵Ľ
лл糤
λڵһӾʹﵽ˸߳߳һӶʱ䣬ҵ΢ȶһЩһĿžжĳꡣЩĵؿ˵糤ЩƷ˰ѹ˳ȥô죿
ĿǽһʵǿɵĶ飬ִáִŶ񲻽Ƕڼ鸴ڲԱҪԸˡҳϱעǴӸ繺ĹֻԼԲ˽´ڣһִ֣ýնɱҷûڸעˣʹøӵеĹһնɱ߸ˮƽߣҲԳ潫նɱ
ӳһԵӱ˵ЩڶżҪõЩô죿
ȻҪָһЩһҲܹʵŶֻǷָһЩȫһƷƷƷиѡһָҡ
⡭һ᲻ᡭ
ᣡҡҡͷЩ˴õطòΪ˷ֻҵָûҵָǲõһڶżȫ˵㡣ʲôҶҪҸƽ⣬ǵĵżеĸǱҲֻҪһǱеĳǱø˹ңεĵڶżôͷҲ˵ʲôĩջҪʵ˵ġ
˾㶼ͷۺʵѾǳǿˣװϣ˵ϣ˵ʵϣеͿƼ϶ȹޡǳĸսվĶˡ뵱ͻֻڸʵѹƻۺʵϻܹ࣬͹ƽƽοĸ磿
ǡҲǲȡͬĴʩǸʱ˭֪ڶǴﹺģǴӹﹺģǱ˽´ڵģԵһǵ˵ĵʵ
ҪǸȡһľٴ룬ôͻһϹ򹦷עֻҪûעᣬȴܹʹЩˣִĶ󡣡
糤ǿҲ˷ҺХȥ֮ҲὫĸԹԺͷװֳȼֱƷƷƷƷĿԶۣƷֻԸڲۣƷҪҲΪѣ࣬ҲΪƷЩԸش׵ˡ
ңҲװ׵Сֵһȥ̰ҩҲֳƷƷƷȼƷҩۣƷҩֻ۸ڲƷҩΪƷԸش׵ˡ
ã긧ƵǸȫ淢չҶȫ඼зǷλһֿƼȫӵؾ޴󡣡
ʲôһǿƼǿХ۾ַŹֱضųꡣ
֪ڶҪƼʲô𣿡¶ص΢Ц
ң㣬ųһҡͷ

֣еһãȻӡλǴ̫࣬ǸоصĶҲ̫ࡣ֣һ
ַ͵еĻеЧؽϵһ𣬻ἫǿװĹͷΪҪԸٿƽʱٶȵ屶˴ͨʮĹٶȻӿ졣һӵַǲҲܹʵ

һӴˣĿų꣬촽䶯ҪڣȴΪ˺ͳİҿڡȴûôĹ˼ɣ̿ʵ糤ѧЩ
ЦҲһʱо˷ȻŹ˷ĴڣҶڷжװĿƼûն٣ǶԸķ˴󹦷ⷽҿ԰ǡ
Үʮ˷ܵغرǼͽ˶˷ܵ
ٴο̰ЩΪѵ˵ҪʱܣΪҲֻܹΪʮ˿̻ķкܶҪ
˶̵ͷʾ⡣һ糤ôܳΪһרΪ˿̻ˣ糤кܶҪ


534 䶯
ʱĿ¶Ǹ֮ɫ鲿ܱǸҲܹΪ̻
ΪʲôһĲ⣬¶˽֮ɫǿХĿƼӣԭͲǲȴǲҪʵַܹΪʺˣ˵겻ܹΪ̻β
Ҳͷתͷӱ˵ӱҪ˵˵
ӱҲֳһ˿ΣǸֳһ˿Цվߵĸǰֵǳȥ˵
ЩĪشվӱ˳ȥҲȻȥıӰֱ߳˴ţŹϣЩ˲תͷһųꡣҲЩ˼˵ڸǿ̻ʱҪǰ·ѹ⣡
һȻԼͬؽĿǿǿһͱͨ졣Ϸʵ˵ǿ鲿ϵķͽˣ

˷ЦǿһȴûκηԡʱӱŽ˵ĴЦЩЦʲôһڵһͺ͸ƻ
˴ʱҲſҵЦȻֹ˵Ŀȴػϣһͷ̧
ͷԼλӣӱҲЦԼλӡǿ˱ŵģʮƣȻʲô̧ͷĿڳӱ˵ѲţٺٵЦ˵糤ӱɶ
ӱȻ̧ͷŭǿ˧籡ǿһϢĸоɫò԰סػ˻֣ӱɢȥҲһǿЩ˶ǹ˷̻ķ
ٺ١ǿεЦš
ǿХ鲿ܿת˻ͷһеĵڶżеĿƼǣȹ˿̻Ŀкܶĵãĵþ̻ϣܹƳַ̻豸
ǣ֤񡣡ǿХӦ
ļ죬ǽеʮ˿̻˷þ۳һȻıڵľ硣Ҫȹ˷Ѿ࣬ÿο̻һ˵ķ궼ɫ԰ף죬ʮ˸мЧڳ꣬Чڸ硣
ȻȡʮʹǿХÿ춼Ҫһʱ䣬Լڷ⽲
ͬʱѡپŴ糤Ѿչʮʱ䣬ѡŴ糤еһ糤ӱ
һ졣
꽫ӱе˷ӱ£ӱĶ棬Щ˼ӱЩֵų꣬Դʶһ˼黹ûзڳϣⲻҲѰ˼žʲô飬óģ
գ¶һ˿Ȼ˧㵣λɽеķ糤һС
˵ӱ˵
Ǹ֪ҺͻŮ顭
ţͷȻ֪񻪹Ͳֹһ˵顣
Щæȥ˻ɽ֮һ˵һᾡȥ
ӱһ˫۾͸¶ЦӳҪȥ̽̽˼ͻ¶ͻĿɣ
겻˼ЦЦţӱһ̽һ»ҵ˼ҾŬҸҸҵҸȴܹԳҸ˼ҡҲЩ׼
ţӱʱҲڳûøͷԣԴΪΪѾ¶˾ģһҪá

߸糤ԴǧߣװŸԼķɻߴ󳬼зȥ
ɵĳлûнԷҲܹھǵķ糤Ȼ˾ǣǿΪ糤ͳȫ֡ԪǳΪ˸ִõѡһʵǿԲ
ڽԼķʼڵԼվվһţȫ˺䶯Ч
ߵĹװҩ
û䶯ֱûĸһ֮ΪȫΪעţʼʱҲŸĹװҩԼе˻ãԸ㹻ΣҾͶԴ˺ǻˡ
ǣֻܿɾʧˡԭܼ򵥣Ϊ˹˸ĹװҩԼ豸
Щ豸һĸּ壬һŷ˵·˹塣嶼ڿغ·˹ļƼ¹Щ
ʵ岢ûһʼ͹ȫĶֻǰһЩҩԳһ¡Ȼغ·˹Ҳˣȴ¾ˣֻͬҲһһ£ڳǰȻԼ߳λȥ֮󣬵λҪϼλûһξ롣
ȻŵҪæһ˸磬غ·˹ԷſػѴеһζȼ٣ÿնʱܵ췹ԣҪķ˵Ȼĩ֮ǰʳȻǣÿغ·˹ǹúܻ֡
غ·˹ͬǰļҩ֮ͷҩЧ֮ڸԱͬ²ι˸װҩԼֻе֮Ĵ̺Զŷ˵ļȡÿϵ㿪ʼ˴ɹҷֱɹһܷɻܷɻĻһ·ɻ˸Եļ塣


535 ĿƼں
Щŷ˺˺䶯˿ʼŻиҪڸ繺һЩԼ߼ҪĶеǲǸˣȴһЩǿΪϼѵԼһУ˷ɻǰ磬Ϊ˼븴磬ΪеһԱ
ȻҲ飬ȻǱǰȥ
ĵǳ˼˵̸Ҳʮֵ졣̹ǨֻܹڶżеĹøһ롣ǵڶżĿƼȴǿԹɹҺ͸繲ͬ
Գʵ͸ǿҲ֪þաǻͻδгô˵
һ֧йҺ͸ĿԱɵĿж뿪˾ǣХӣһǧ߻ͣɻǰ
վҲʼƶ˺͸缸ͬĹ򣬽ĹҩװȷֳƷƷƷƷȻҲú͸ͬĳۺͽ
ͬʱҲͨ˽⵽ŷ˺ͶҲƵվҳ۵ĶǱԼĲҲ˶٣һʶŷ˺ͶҲӦ÷Ƶĵڶ͵żֻǻҪȸ۵ĶһЩʵܺ⣬֪õĵڶżǲǵڶģǳȴ֪Լõ˵żȴǸʱΪĴڣΪǱеǸʱϵ䡣ԼõĿƼڱǺ顣ҲΪʲôĶ䶯ԭ򣬶ҳţֻҪʱ䣬ø罫ڶ͵ĿƼʼϣͻ֯͹ҽһ롣
겻ںЩڶ͵żжţرԸ翪šΪŸõĶŴܹͨһĹںֻܹͨʮĹ𣿷ţ˶Ըʮ־޴ĹףԼԿǽһܹͨһĹ
лųԽڶ͵ҩﰵƲ⣬ǵһ᲻ҩĲںõżżֻܹΪֶΣԼǿֶλҪ磬̣ܡ
һж뵽֮󣬳һν뵽صڿʼ˱չÿһ¶죬ȡһɹڸĻ㱨ԼҲӲһϾһֽġ
ڱչ֮ǰҲѵԵڶżķ͸飬һ߼ܼýЩ飬˵ܴҪǿХȳɼ
һ֮󣬳ѩǲ˵صµҡʱ䣬ѾٴγɳԭѾﵽʼŴĴɱޣųҩ֧֣ѾﵽͻƵۼٽ㣬γҲͻơ
ѩǵǰһѺҩ֮󣬳Ŀҡ
֮һν룬óҲһ˿ϴֻǵӵĵżĸϵͳæԼͻơͬʱԼҲֻзĸҲܹõͻơأ
ԼϲŸķﻹŸ豸ټϻڵһеҩЧ᲻Լٴλͻƣ
߷ʵ羫Ȼǽߵڡ
뵽֮󣬳ȡһƿҩ£ȻַʳһƬ֮Ļ꣬Žϵ·ѹ⣬һߵĸҡ
弶귢ָ
̿ռͳĹߣͬʱڳǰ˳ͼЩ߿ʼ˳壬һ־ҵ˲ͬʱ֮γɵȻҲڳڣԼǣס֮ߵŬؽںϳһ
ͽںϳɹɣֻںϵѾóڵԪתںҩγɵҩЧǳ֮ĵڷӵǳٵתУˡתȻХų˳ĵ
һʼתǳ˲䣬ϵļ֣ǰأ󱳣˫ģ˫ľͳһͼҿʼתγ֮ٶȻʮ
֮󣬰ճļӦôﵽܹļޣȻԼʹ࣬ǾȻܹɳʼ̽ʲô顣ֻһ˲ˣϵķãò赲ߵЧǽЩ߽һϸȷ˵ԭһ״֣ȴϵЩϸʮ֮һס
һȻóֳܹ־ã⻹ҪģҪǾϸ֮ǿȻˣЧȷʵˣҪ֮ǰҪǿ
һĹѾﵽӵʱˣʵʱ͸оԼѾﵽ˼ޣҪԼļޣҧؼ
Ȼϸ΢ȴܼУҪǳ֮ʮֵľ޴֮ӵǳ֮ѾˣڵƿҩҩЧѾһˡԥطһƿҩڵԪӵȣҩ͸˫£һֲסҲҷʳ֮ҲתԼĹ


536 ͻ
ǣʹҲĪڵԪѾͬˮһسˢž΢Сʶų⣬ڳԪóоڼ͡
顭
͸оһ𣬵һ࣬ڵԪһգǵڵԪʧˣǵڵԪˣԪǳ֮Ѹ͵ųӿʱڳľܹظоǳ֮Ҫ֮ǰˣѾԪʱӿڴ붼ڿеǳֻ֮һСԪ
ʱʵѾ˧۷壬ֵʱǳ־ãԭ˧۷壬Ҳô־ãﵽ弶۷ʱ䣬˵ڶתȻһֱȥ
һЩˣҪһ֪Ϊ񾳽׼ģŷ֧֣ĵӲɴ
Ŀ˸һ£һҧ´ָ
ˡ
ֻһ룬ĿڱǾѪ̿ڵرգ

곤³һаԺ£ֲ̫ˡּԼһӶֲס弶̫ˣŷ֧ҲСţҲܹô˵Լ˧۷壬ԼٵõһͻƣҲ˵ܹ뵽ôһ룬롣
Ϣһʱõ˷棬ȴȥܹһࡣ˧ͻƵ˧۷ԭһַǳСͻƣڵһʹָ豸ͷ֮󣬱ЩЩղܡ
αչҪ־սȻô̵ʱõͻƣ׼ͻƵ񾳽뿪
弶
һ´ָһοʼڵһβرǿһ֮ﵽһ塣ͬʱϵķҲ¶˳ʼת
弶Ķĳ˵ѾȫӦһƺһûдﵽͼ޵ĸоȡƿҩȽ˿УȻӿԪѹղѾܹˣɲļޡ
һʶ˳Լ䣬ȻʼԼҪͨںķǿȡ
֮Ÿ߲֮ž֯һ𣬹ͬãóѹĵӣһָֹԶһһô򵥣ò˼ڽһѹեʵͬʱҲһڵԪøӵؾ
Լ֮͸õںϵɵʱڵԪԪתٶȲûмӿ죬ӵ±ʮֻһдתԪھÿǰһͱþһ˿ȵԪתϽ뵤ʱѾʮ־
һ죬졭
һȥھȥʱ򣬳ѾʼȫӦ弶豸ҩӵѹʱҲоԼʵѾˣڻᶨ֮У˧ڵıϽƽ
ʱѾȵʮһƿҩ;Ƭ֮Ļꡣʱó˵ڶʮƿƿҩ˿УȻ¶˼ᶨĹâȡ˵ʮƬ֮Ļ꣬ŵ˿ȥ
ˡ
ڲ˾ҵ𶯣棬֮Ԫųӵڣҩȣڵӣˢųľһ¡¡ƽ
ڣߵ𶯲Ƶܼ⣬ɾ꾫ﵽƷļӵܼ
ɲ֮ȻƲãںϵɣŵãͬҲ˳꼫ѹ
ѹ֮󣬳ȫӦѹ֮һоһ˿ɣڵԪøӾɡ£о弶ˮ׼Ѿˡ

γֱӰѸ߿֮ǰڸ弶ĳ̶ϼ˺ҩͲ֮ͻ˧ߵĻޱȺʵ
ǣʹˣҲĳ̶ֻҧʮоͲòر˸ߡ
ûиߵĸȵоԼָ۷״̬һο
ʱڳ겻ϵعرպͿţڸߵİ£ֵʱһӳһ㵽ʮ룬ʮ롭
ÿڹرոߵʱ򣬳궼úҩͲ֮ټԼľ״ָ̬۷塣
Ʒҩĺҩİ£ʵͻͽڸ¼ֵʱԽԽشﵽʮ롣
ʱֹȥʮʱ򣬳ڸ¼ֵӡֵӵһɲǣ˧ڣ뵽˧ڣʱȻܹһֱȥ
ر˸ߣ꽫˵ڵԭһССĹ̬ԪѾһƹС
Ҫ֪ƹСĹ岻Ԫ۶ɣȫǳ֮۶ɡ꽫һŵһǳ̽ȥ
ոǳ֮͸о̲صİӵǿˣҲӵˡ˾ʼ۲쵤״
꽫˻ϳϲáоͻЩǡˣҪȶһ¾磬ټͻƵ񾳽硣ǴҳžңŻ档
ҪԵڶ͵ں֮Ծĸˣ


537 ɽ
ľѾﵽƷļ൱弶ˮƽϣԼľܹһεõֻ൱ľͿԡΪûôҲ
ΪûĸʩҲûŴͨһĹԻٶѾúԶ
οѾ˽⵽ûǱֻ˼ǰʲôԭ֪˦˦ͷȥЩ˾ң˽ȥϥ£ͷϷһЩߣȻЩͷϱ֯Լһӵʱ֯һͷģȻͷ֡

귢ָ̸оԼͷ·̽һ㣬ʶڵľܿγһ޴пʼת
ʱţǸʶڵľתٶԽԽ죬ܹоԼʶڵľڼӿٶѾƽʱ
üֳǸʼתٶȿʼӿʱԺһ壬оʶѹС˲١
Сʱ֮󣬳һҧ´ָ弶
ˡ
̸оԼʶ˲Σܿͻʶͣﵽ˼ޡ
̷ָر˸ʩȻֳһƾͨ磬ڴľųʶӵ뵽֮Уڽ󡣵оԼľָµʱ򣬱ջľж;ͨȻٴοڵľʩ
ػطţֹʮһ֮ľȻûеõͻƣȴﵽƷļڣ൱
뿪˾ңϴ˸裬һ·Ȼӵص׳׼鿴һ¸ĹȻȥɱһʱȶԼľ磬ڷͻƵ񾳽硣
֮ϣһԼİ칫ȥһ߽ԼľͷųȥľѾܹͷųԲףǱڵһжطӳʶ֮ڡ
ÿһÿһңÿһÿһ칫ңÿһֿ⡭
뵽Լİ칫ңԺѾг֣Ը齫Щ˽йȡ˻㱨ֻ֮Ը䡣
æһ֮󣬳ϵĵԣ߸糤ѶϢЩϢ֮󣬳꽫󱳿ϣ΢΢üͷ
ȥ߸糤ٵһЩѣ糤񼸺ѾѾ;ΪﲢûʲôֻһЩɵҪʵûиʵߣҪװûиװǿҪǾ͸˵ˡֻǸտʼһЩȻڸľʵ±ˡ
֧ɵһ֧ǰһ֧ͷβûʲôʱһǧѾ˼ʵĻ
ɵľѵģ֧ѵǻɽеӱȴǺڻɽȴģǻ͡
ԭĩǰĩպһﻪΨһ񣬾ĩպµ֮󣬻Ҳǿ
һ㲻ǻţҼţǻɽΧЩҲšǰʼ֣Ȼһ֣һɱޣһؽУɽУҲӵǻɽеԼǻɽΪ٣ΪǵĳŻ񣬻ĸڻɽдﵽһ㡣
ڻɽУǹ棬Ǿ˵ȶ绪͡ǧദ˵飬ҪԴ飬ǻֻƮƮһ仰ͽˡ
չԽԽƫ˹ǰͿɽеѾ˹ҪǰǸ޳ǣȴͻȻ˶ǾͿʼչһֱ
ǻȻչˣҵȴûһ˿ĽͣΪû֪ͱչˣֻǻ׽ļ֪
տʼڻɽзʲôش飬⼸˼ٽ軪͵ƮƮĴȥ仰ȻǾͷˡ
ԭڻɽвǷʲô⣬ֻҪԻ͵˵ϼ仰һⶼ⡣
ƫ˹Ի˵ֻҪԻҵ˵˵һв⣬ȴҲܹ⡣
ʱ䣬ɽоǻҵĳУȻҲйĻǻҡһҵСҲûаѹһһҲڻҵľ޴ѹ
ֻ£ӱǧ˻ɽУǿж󡣻ɽеأǻɽУκһڶŴأĩսʮȥɣ˴ءǾ£羹Ȼڻɽƽ޽硣ΪҲһͲ
һڻɽеһ仰еľƵ궼ܾסӱ͸˻ҪҰӪˣһɳӱӪڷǷᣬ̽ɢܵ
ӱȻ˵ԼԸ磬ȴǳظ磿û˵
ӱûа취ͻҷͻӱǲϾ˧۷壬񻪹͡ӱЩ˲϶һжǻŪģǻҲû˵磬̫ˣʶǿøڻɽ¸ò˶þͻΪҵв
ԻҪӱ𣬾Բøڻɽн硣ӱҲ֪Լ縺ʹǾԲġǵڶ컪Ϊʲôɢʱӱ˵糤Ѿ֪ˣͻ̸


538 ɽ
糤Ѿ֪ˣͻ̸
糤
΢΢üͷЩ˲֪ܲ꣬ĿľҪѳƹ
Ϊ˾۸ӱû˼㽫ӱ˴ˣ껹һֻаѸ糤ˣܹԻɽУȻ󽥽ţ̲
ڳĴ˵ûšΪʹûл˵ҲܶԳһСԼ˽ʲôȻǰܿó꣬ҲǿãóԺԼƽƽŻ¿ʼ˷лָ֮󣬳Ѿչˡ
Իҵ˶ڳֻ˽⣬һǳ׷ԼҵС㻪ĩ֮ǰֵ÷׷ĺܶ꿡ǰȥս飬һ˽ŷģǸͻȻ𣬶糤ǳꡣ
۴Ǹ궼ΪܻҵĻӭӡǻҵ䱦ʲô˶׷𣿻ɽڻҵģʲô˶ܹ
֪ɽнʱ򣬻һŭһҲҪúýѵһ³ˡԾͷ飬ӱ˷׼ӱ˸ϷǻҾͰǧ˶ץɱһߵ׼ҲҪƹúýѵһ٣֪ҵ֪ɽڻҵģ֪䲻ϻġ
ǻڸʲô
һǰչˣΪǻҵţȻֻǸƷżǾЩܣȻһǰܳƷƣ̱չˣûгء
ڹڳһ󲿷ֶֻ֪֪ûΪڼصɽ֮˵һ䡰꣬
ʱҪȥǼ꣬Ǹʱûнûз䣬ûлָʵҪ׻ʹȥǣȴһ߾ܾˡ
ҵŮôȥ׷һСӣǸСӺܲҲСҳʵڻ͵ҲǲѣԶûѳ꿴ɺԼƽȵˡ񳤾ĽĹ˼ά
аҶѾʾǸСӼˣȻɽңѵΪһ͵Ů޲ȥ𣿡
Ի͵Ҳܲˣ͸ûȥҳˡ
£ӱǵôܺˣ
ֻӱķӦ죬Ȼûϵϳֻ꣬ϵɣȴ֪ʱܹͻҿսǻҵĵ̣ȻͲ̫Լ֣ǻҲ˧ߣ˧ߡһӱ˼ɵľǻ֪ŻԼҲŽύģܲ˵غͻҴЩˡ
ֻڻҾ֮ļСʱھ˽ԼЩڻɽеľƣҲʶǰⲻǼ򵥵غͻҿսӱ̿սģȴܹͻȫ濪սΪųͻ֮顣
ԭΪǻҶԸǰɽкܲãҲرֳҪϵĿȻ˽໥̡û뵽ǿӲǿӲøһ˿ᣬжӱɽоǻҵĽ
£ӱһ潫פһտҰ⣬ڳһڳ֮ǰڻɽκξٶ̬һڲϵظ귢ʼÿ췢鶼ͨʼķʽꡣ
˵ҲﵽǵĿģҲڵȴĵȴŸһǵĽѵ
ڳغĵڶ뿪˾ǣԼܷɻŻɽзȥʱҲìܣ֪ȥԻҲ֪γͻҵĳͻ֪ĩտûʵʵȴ㹻šλɽ֮УֻЩΪѡ
Ŀ͸Ʋ㣬˻ɽ׷׸˳
֪ôʲô˶Դӱǣڴʲôã;Ҫʲô
ܷɻһƬҰϣƬҰ֮ϽһʱӪկϴһǸӪĵ档ӱŷļ쵼վӪկĴſڵȴųܻ꣬߳ųСܹȥ
ӳ
ӱˣӱ˵ʼѾǳˣӱܵԼǰ¶΢Цĺܺã
ӱų꾴һ¶ɥ֮ɫջ鷳ӳԸ
޹أ⻪ԭǳģ
˵ϹŵЦӪկĶ˹ȥֻͣܳĿ˹ͷһ국ؿһ۳꣬Ȼһžͳ˳ȥܳҲ׷׿һܳеһŵسų꺰꣬ȥɽұ
䡭һĺܿʧڳǵҰС
ӳӱɫѿ
Щǻҵʲôˣ국ʵ
ǻļֵܣ⼸˼ɧţ˵ûҡкüζҪݺݵؽѵǣ
üë˻ɽķ̾һӱǻһֱûгֹ
ţӱͷϢúܽҲûдͺͻǷʲôѾûгˣһûгˡƲҲ⸸Ůչˡ


539 ҿ
뿪Ӫͣ˻ɽɽ֮£˴ӳŻɽ֮ȥ
ǿ磬绹ǮǸ꾹ȻȽܷɻ
ǿһۻõ˵ôҲǸ糤һܷɻʲôģ
ǿ磬˵ĸʲôʵ˵Ѿ˧һһߡ
ǿмƲƲҲţǸŶô˧Ҫ֪ǻҵĵһ˧ڡڳʲôߣû˵ͬʱߺ;ġҿⶼǸĳӦûеʵģǺǻҶûпɱˣǻʲôڣǻһ壬ҶظӵĴڡǸеʵҲûбҪںǾɽµݺݵظһѵȻϻɽ
ǡ
ߣҲҰ·ӳܹǵģ
ʱڸӪڣڽӴˡһɽегһסɽеľ
ˣɫĿȻˡǸгܸǸ˾ʱ겻ÿɫ˵Ҳֳ˿ɬ໥һۣɹ˾˵˧ܵѹܴ֪ڻĵλǹҶԻҲҪ֡ǻҵĵ̡
국غһҵĵôˣǲǾҪȫҵˣǻһɨص˶ָֻܹˣ
⡭˾Ͳܸεضһۡ
ô˵òһصȨûˣǸֲǲǮҲڣǾͲҳۣǸ˴
ǻҲڡܸɬ˵ǿˣǾǲҪƤ۸硭
ɫӵǾͬˣ
ǡܸ˼оʱѹܴ󣬳һɽһѹ
˧ڻɽеƿܵ͡˵ʲôƿɽмǻһֽģһ仰ܹɽзκθı䡣˼ǻҵĴӵߡＸһ衣ҡ
ʲôܸ͹˾ѿɫҲӵغ䡣
ǵһɽеʱ򣬻;ȷ˻ɽвӭǣǿԻȥˡ
üëһ⻪͸ҪԻɽУɽоӪɶĸ繻ǿɣҲûô;͸
ܿڳһ˿ӣ⻪͵ҰЩСˡɽнһǿ󣬵ȴԼǲͬûһȫԼ䴥ȴĴӣΪ־ġ
Ǿܸ˵Ͳͬ
Źֵ˲ܸ
ܸӿɬ˵ҪһЩҵӽ;ʾ룬ͬ˻͵飡
ͬˣ΢΢üͷֻ˲Ĺǣʵûѹֲܹͣ㾡ȫ֮ɽǶڻľ޴ʧȻһܹȴδܹɱһ޴вʧȥ˼ĻͽøӵΣա
ǣͬˣԻҾͰ˺ܶ;ռҪλãȫ˻ҵУҵĻѾûˣȥĻҲֲ˶á
ţһӷȻȵʵ̫ˣ
˧ȻǸ糤ڹҲְ񣬶ְ֮ϣ龿Ҫô죬˧ʾ¡
ϵŭɢƽֻ΢΢üͷ˼š
ҵͼѾʮԣ˾ڵǵʵٺͻ̸СǸʱ򣬻ҵۺʵң߶ʵҲͻռݾԵƣûбҪ˫ʵҪĿġϾŹͬĵˣҲĿⳤԶܹҲΪżİһгʵһ졣
ԼҪҪԼĸ糷ɽУ
ԣ
־ǽ鲼ȫ磬չɵһѾͳȥ
Ҹͻҵĳͻɱ⣬ǲڶʱͻƵ͵ʵʱ»Ѿȫƿ˻ɽУȻʼ߳ɽУнһ罫ɱغͻҷͻ
ͻҷͻ겢£ڽȫ緢չʱ򣬻Ҳ⽫ԼͻҪһһҶԽܵһ֮´Դûй򣬲޵ĹԼˡ
̸ֹܹģҪģֻаѶԷʹˣҲ̸ܹһԹƽĹȻһά
ĳǾʵģճͻʹһȻ̸̸һ뵽ܹͻʹһ̼Ϳһֱվȫ۷壬뵱͵ʱеֻйһ˿ĺͻսһͷ
Ծӻжƿʵ
߳ɣ˾ûѰ˼̻ش𣬿ӻһֱƿУóʮ⡣
̽лҵȫܹ𣿡


540 ɽ
ܣ˾һͦŵ֮Ҫٻأ
Ȼ׹˾Ļе˼ٰЩ͹ܹΣ
국Цһͻдд裡
˾Ͳܸɫһ㶣ҪͻսһѾźͻһսʵ
ģûֻܻܹͣͻʹƽҵӾͺùˡ
ǡ
ܹкͻһս
˧ʵ
겻÷ЦЦҪʤҲס
˾Ͳܸһۣ͸¶𾪵ͬʱҲ¶ϲ𾪵ǳᾹȻ˺ͻһսʵڳĴ˵䡣ϲǴӴ֮ԼҪöˡ
ڸ᲻񻪼ԵȴġǶڸҲ˽⣬ĴĴ죬ȴԼıֻ֣ҪǹҲѣҲ˿ֵ飬ҶڸȻ
Ƿ񶨵ģ
ʵÿһﶼʮǹҲҪյУûǸʵԹҺ͸һֱһƽ⣬һ˫˫Ӯƽ⡣
Ȼ̻ȥϽ˴Ӿ𣬽ȫУӣ֮ôһ޼ɵ͸
ǣ仰˵˹˾ĻＤѡ
㽫ҵ˴Ӿ֮˽ڵĻҲҪڹҵ
ǣ
ɣ˰֣˾Ͳܸǡ
뿪֮ӱ˵ӳܹΪʲôǸȥ
ҡҡͷ㡣ҲͻͻʲôǿԷչ磬׳磬Խǿ󵽺κһ򿹵ĵز߳κһҵĵزǡֻҪûȡҵ뷨ͲҪȥҵڲһҪֵҪһֹһƽ⡣ƽ⣬ƹκһһ¡
ǡӳ᲻гһȡ˳ȻسΪһ죿
꿴һӱһֱԼˣ굹ǲ͸¶Լ뷨΢Ѱ˼һµҲбףҳΪһ죬ôͱ벢ҡҲƿصĹ֮⡣һ뵽֮ڣͳΪ˹ٷ֯ôҽĸһõҵ𡣱Ĺܹһ֯ĴڣȴܹһĹ֯ȻĹҴڣκһҲԣҳΪһҵ죬治˵ǻõ洦һЩǻõĺһЩҪؿǡ
ӱͣһʱ֮ҲɴʱҲ֪˵÷ǳе̵ִΪһ죬и˶һ־ǾǰѸ翪ȫ硣ΪΪһò־κһ˶Ը⿴ġ
ʵڳҲõһ糤Ҫȵһҵǰ;Ķࡣ
һ֮䡣
ɽ;֮еĻҵӣҽڶ콫ݷûɽҵϢ˳ȥ͸¶һϢǾǳҪͻдһ
һӾɽеĺ䶯ЩлǾ񣬶겻һˣҪս񡣷ܹȵ
ֱ뿴
кܶ˵ҹͿʼŻɽȥռһۿĺõط
¶΢ʱ򣬻ɽ֮Ѿۼ˴ˣͻȻȺɧ˸ˣ
ǻǿ
ǻǿ廢ˣ
ǸʲôҪùˣ廢˵нˣ
ǳǸ糤˵ʵڻ廢֮ϰɣҲ廢ֻӭӳģ˵ͻд𣿡
У˵ǳҲͶʮ꣬ôܺͻд裬ҿͻ廢ܹܡ
˵ͣģվкܶ๦ǰ㻹ѣˣǲ
ôҲ绪ҰɣҲŲмȥѧĹһǵŽ·ݻյӵʱǰȥˣȡ뻪ҡ
ʱ廢Ѿɽ£ʱɫʮֵѿΪ;ϳĻҵѾص˻ңûȺ鼤ܣȥ֪һǳġ
Ҳǽļ壬Ȼ֪˱˭ȥҲܸ͹˾ûʲô˼ˣҪľڻɽ¾ͿˡֻҪѳ꾡һ٣Ȼٽߣûҿڣǲܸ͹˾ͻ󻪼ҡ
ԣ廢ؾʹӻɽų꣬ÿжһɾҪúһ١
˿˶ǰۿ㸡ֳһ˿΢ЦʱûйǾɨˣйڲо
ˣ
ͻȻ˸廢Ҳ̧ͷԶȥԶ

ֻ
һˣһ˾һǲܸ
ڶҲˣһ˾һǹ˾
ˣһ˾ںˣֱǳӱ
ôˣûдԱҲûдʿ棬ûи˴棬񼸸ͻɽµοͳ˳ǰһ㡣
ͣڷֱ˲ܸ񣬹˾ӱ
溬΢Цǰȥܸ񣬹˾ӱ΢󣬸󡣺ܿ˻ɽ廢ǰ
Ŀڶ滪廢ɨ΢΢üͷа⻪Ȼ֪ʵǾƾǰҲǰĶְôסԼʲô˼ӭԼҲʸ񰡣
ͻȻ˻񣬲֪ʵﵽʲô̶ȡ


541 ʩ
ÿ
국ؿˣʲô廢ûʲô̬ȣȻܹ˲ԼнӮԼֻҪ̬ͲӭģҲĻࡣԳҲûиǺӡ
ǲ֪ڱչأǲ֪ҲչˡԻ˽⣬֪ˣһǰûг֣ǻɱˣжԻľҲЩɫ͸ӵز
ɫãǻ廢ɫ͸ˡǰҲ˼߲ġ
ҲͻͶԳʵһ˽⣬ԻڻҵĵλҲȷʵúԼ̸۳꣬ҲûҺͳ겻ʲôĻᡣ˭뵽ᷢչѸ٣
궼벻οǻͣ
һڻǽģλǶصģԻһЩƼǿ߻һЩע
ע⣬ǻһЩע
ôȥעһˣһ˵ĸ磿
ܹĳҵ꿡ܻ廢ѾǶԳǳˡ
ʱǿġ֣ϾһĨȻȵǻҿɲʲôèܹȥģܹǻҵĶǿߡ˵ﻪмɨһ۳ϴȥҲܹȥ
ȻʧЦʵ͵λûǰһѵһģ޹أԼϣʲôèַܹġǳ국˵һϰɣ
͡
һ»廢ЦһϣΪ˭Ϊ磿ǿ˵壬ȥһѵ
Ϳðɣ
顭
Ǹһ̤浴һƬ̳ξͬһڵһų˹ȭеһʽͻɽһֻȭͷͬһŻͷһų
ʵͲڼҵѧκʽѾĵز߱¶һ˿ЦݣһȭҲǷȭеͻɽ
䡭
ȻǺ֣ȴǺǸͱжֻȭͷײһ
ǲ
˹ͷĶӾͷ˳ȥȻˤڵϣһ첲شߣһǶˡ
ɽ֮´ʱѾۼˣǴʱȴѻȸӱܸ͹˾֮⣬е˶һεĸоҵ꿡ܣ廢еǸĳһжס
壡
ʱǿŴзӦ˹ǰ壬еʵô
ˮȴӲҡҡͷˣû¡
ȻĿų㾹Ȼȭ
ȴǸûпٲǰȥһ𻪼廢̬Ҫֱɽˡ
ģ
ǿһȣĵѾӿзһֱͬһųɨ˹ȥ
žžž
һƬܼش򱬿Ƿеȱޡ
ʱҲˣʵжߣҲһˡ
顱һ̤أαڿһһֱһش˿Ƿȱޡ
顭ǲ
Ĵط˳ȥصˤڵϣһͦҪվȴʹˤڵϣһѾˡ
ʱ˵廢ˣֵҲˣζǻȳ֣֣ҳ귢ʽƫƫͻ˵ʽһģһƫƫƫƫܹԷܡ
ͲǸ߳Էһˣ
νԹ壬ԡ˶ܹ壬ȴƫƫ廢ĵҲˣʣµˡûȫͿ֪ǳĶ֣˼ͬʱų˹ͬųŵڵ
һʽ̷ųϥǾ˳ȥ϶һʽӥצӥãշͬһֻӥ˶¡ϴǿеһʽɽһȸ߸ͬһųͷȥ
̫ˣԭػһӰӭͳ˹ȥһʽ̷Ⱦ˳ȥ
ǲһϥǾͱˣľξͳһֱñֱʱĳͬһʵսζҪȻǿ̫߳࣬ս˻ǿļ
ǲ
ǿļˣ
ͨ
ǿݺݵˤ˵ϣҳһǳĿӡ
ʱֱ䣬һͬһֻӥ˹ȥӥצеĲӥá
顭
˫ӥצཻһǲ˫ƹǾ顣ҽŵȥ
顭
˵֮ϣȴ廢һ۶ûУŻɽ֮ȥӱҲͬûȥڵϵĻ廢һۣΪһ˧ߵиûп⻪廢ɵǻ͡ǴʱųڣһݼɵҲȥ
廢ųıӰֳ־֮ɫ
ǲܹĻ廢־壬һлҲܹ־壬ʹʽ׾ٵһлǾֲ̫ˣ
е־壬ЩֵҲб䡣˷
ȻţҴ˻廢־ʹˡʲôֵ
ȻǴʱǲųܹսܹͣͻҸε˽֣ⲻ֮ϲ
ȻǲܹȥɽҲ񫰡
ֻвܸ͹˾¶һ˿Ц껹ǿưѵܹѹͣ
ǿǻ񰡣񣬵ڻҲǿɣ
Գܹѹ
໥һۣ㶼ҡͷֳһ˿ǡ


542 
ͣ˽Ų̨Ϸȥʱھʮ̨״վˣˡ꾫һɨ㿴ҲͬнߣвԵͷܹڻһҶȷʵĵ̡нڻкܶ࣬͵нȴǲࡣǻȴ߳һнߡ
ǳȴûаǷнҲȴ벻˳ֻۡǻѵ֪廢ѾԼ𣿻ɳнߣ
ಣ
ߵǸнӳһǹͬʱµһһߵ˳Ľ¡ư˵Ǳȱǹ
ֽ̧סǹͬʱ±һɨ㿴涼һϺӵĵСʱǸнָԵϷֱŵķѵһӣ˭ࡣ
䣬ҲȳӦʣµǸʰ˼ϣ䣬Ȼ󽫰˳ꡣ
꽫еǹɨ˲ͽǹĽṹǹѾﵽ˷ǳϤĳ̶ȡҼȻҪ棬ȫܻˣûǰڸǰȫɥʧġ
ϣͬȻŶԷ˵ͷ
˵ڿһͬʱֱ̧ҽڵһ塣
飡
µ̨׾ͱ飬һʯӽ¼˳ȥֱ׼ػϵѡ
飡飡
Ѽͬʱ顣
ˡ
ֱųǸн˹ȥҪ˭һڣӮ˱ҲǸˡ
顭
˿۶ٶȶ죬Ҽ侫׼ÿһӵֻǲͷͷ飬˵ϡӲûһɵһ׵ķΧڡ
ӵ⣬жУװУǸнĿһװжٶȾȻ֮һʱ䡣
һӵʱܿ͹ȥͬʱǹûȴʱʮ׼ȷǸнûпϵ䣬ͰǹĿ¶˾֮ɫˣ
ͷҲûǽĿһнǸнɫŰ壬ЦִǸղźͳǹннӹǹж˵УװһµУȻԳ˵Ǳȱȣ
ҲûֻǵͷжȥǹĵУװһµУȻ˶Է
߷ӵ㵲ס
ʼɣ국˵
顭
Ļ䣬Էָ̧˳꣬۶˰һſӵų꼤˹
˵ҪסȻǲȥ㡣̧ǹҲ̿۶˰
顭
ӳеǹ߿ӵ

֮ĿдײԷ߿ӵ㶼ӵ䡣국˶ԷԷü֮仹һ˿㵭һЦθ赲ˣ
ã
ǸнҲشøɴ࣬˶ʼУ˻˵֮󣬳꿴˶Էһֱۣۡ
һ̣ܼǹ
顭
нҲ׼ס˳ӵǳٶ̫ˣסӵǳӵȴǾԽԽ߸ӵûʱ򣬳ĵ߿ӵǹǹܣ顱һеǹըˡнΪȻûˣһȴͳɫͷҲصɽȥһнؿ˳һۣȴò˵糤룡
ͷû˵Լʵ͵λϴһнһӸѹҵ˼ûкǱǹͷ
ܸ͹˾˺棬˶𾪵ųıӰû뵽ֵǿǹҲӱȴǺŵЦݣĴݵظ˺档
ε;еҲûʲôսһֱɽżһˣɽֻôһˣֶĿ⵭Ȼ˳ꡣ
񣡡
üëһɨ˹ȥвɰޣǻ꿡ܡȻѾ˧ڡ
꣡껺߹Ҳ˵ĸ뿪ɣɽвӭ㡣
͡겻Ц
΢΢üͷ漴ͻָ˵Ȼı顣
Цʲô
ЦҹԴ󣡡شú
㡭ɫ΢䣬ƽ
ɫһȻشĻҪݣǻֻǻһ壬ɽڹҵģǻҵġ˵Ҫעִ硣
͡
ֵЦһȻҲֻǼų꣬ųЦʲôǳȴƽһҾͲʣģ
ɫһͣ漴Ҳսͣа㲻Ҳ˭ù˭
Ǹʱ˷ѣͷųʱľַԲסֻ˲ҵ˻ͺͻ
ḻ̌ˣΪڴﵽͻƵıԵǸϢĲӦͻƺ󣬾ͻﵽ弶
֪ͻҲ弶вЩʧԼľ൱⻪ȫԼĶְ
룬ĵҲԼǿĶˣܹдһҲ
ֲòͺͻԭ˶ڱչء

̿ʼעüͷ΢΢һ壬ֻϵϢЩȶϸع۲һŹ۲죬ı㲻һ̿ڳԴĺƺƫҪ߻ħס
ɫ̾ͱˣ󲽵Żչصصطȥ


543 ˮ
ɫһ䣬̿ߵķǻչصĵط
˭չصĵطѵڼ䣿
ǣʱѾݲ룬ڱչأԲܹóš
˵ˡ
ﻪҺòãû͸ĴҴѻҵҺ԰ˡ
վס
ûȥѾ֪ʮΣգŸż棬ֱӷɹȥˡ

ڲܹٱƽˣ¶˷ŭ֮ɫһ˸˳ǰһȭ˳š
飡
ûпôȭģ͸оԼȭͷһʹȭͷغȭͷϣα㱻˳ȥֻûл廢ôǱڿлһ˵棬ĵʮұ΢΢֪ԼָѾˣг𾪣ôҲǰ飬ǰԼǰһһȻܹ˺Լ
ǰȥǻǰĵСʱкܾᣬǳĶ֡
㿪
Ǹˣ˵ڱչأҲܹšҪٲǰ귢ȴǰͻȻӰȴǻҳ껪֮⣬ǿߣ˧۷ߡ
ʱ򣬴˷߳ߣ㶼ǻҵӣˣܹʵ͡
ٻҵֻǾͣΧųĿ𾪣Ҳֻ
𾪵ǻҵһ仪Ȼǳһ֮Уֻǳ˻ǿˣ˾͵űɣ
ڵµ˾Ҫб»ɽľ
˧۷𣿡һЦ֪ǲ˧ڵĶ֡
굱Ȼþߵݣ˧۷廹òšзǳԼͨһǳĹһ˧۷ȫ⣬ǲ֪ͬʱ˧ûսԡ
ԳսҲȻһһŶȥÿһ֮ľ·óһ㣬ֺ
ÿһϵƾһ֣ӿȵŶ˧۷ѹ˹ȥ
ɫ΢䣬ԭûаѳǿǿһ仪񣬵ǻܹǿ
˵з˱仯ΪѾоˣƾ귢ƾѾﻹд
˱Ͼǻҳ˻֮ǿߣҲ˺ϻ֪ܹ꣬óȥˣƵľ룬۷塣
һһӣߵǸ߾һͬÿһľ·óһ㣬ͬÿһϵƶһ֡
֮ľԽԽ˵ײһ𣬺Ȼײ֮һ磬
˫ָצ˺ѵ÷Хųʮֽ˺˹ռ侹Ȼ˿ĺۼ絶ˮһһն˳ȥֻ˲˺һ
ɫһ䣬ʱĸоͺһƬ֮УһһϵĻ
䡭
˫ڿռ伱ٵػ˵ģĲӰ˺һˡֻǾ಻һ˸߹һˣĺоϢβɱһһ˳ȥ
ͻȻ쳤Хһһһ˧۷壬ͬʱȵһϰɣҸʱ䣡
Ҹʱ䣡
һ仰һڣһλһۣٸΧ۵ĻҲһķȻ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ
ȻҪһ˶Ը˧۷ߣ
ǳһѾĹȥˣǸ˧۷ҪҲܡ
顱̤ǰһ˫ȭ紸غ˳ꡣĿһԷȻڽȭ쳣úȻ졣
ʱʮʽˮѾʹʮʽ·ʹ˵ʮʽսһ
ǸڽȭеĻԭսսȦ⿴ʱ򣬻óˮжóһжǾǵ뵽սȦʱȴ̸оѹһ޾һѹأϢ´ʮֵľͳս
໥˼ʮ꣬һ趯˫ȭͬ󴸣ƴһ˫ӥצϬ쳣
ǳȴȫȻˣֻǽһˮһһʽʹҺ˧۷彻֣ˮĸӵ
ó죬߾ͱˣ˭û뵽֮󣬳øӵͣȻѹȲסš
𡭡
Ȼ׳ХһֱȻһȦ·ӱóЩطѾơ
䡭
˫ʮʽˮеһʽߵĸоУɾӻǵг˳ڿХ
ۡۡ
˸һѪĵص˳ȥһ˱ֹסŲ㵹˳ʮһƨ˵ϣͬʱһѪ
һһǰȥÿһνأΧĻ߸оһƬܵǷ
ʲô
ʱڻ˵һηͷ
ಡ
һӰ˳ǰȻȵվסڱչأ
ÿȻȵ


544 ͳ
ûÿĿᶨؾֻû˵ȭŭغȵҾԲʱȥ
еһ˿ȵҸоһּȶϢ㲻Ҫҡ
㡭˵ʲôһ˿ҡ
ңҲ߻ħˣ˵
ҡҺһȥ
룬ûꡣȻ֪ô֪Ҫ߻ħų꣬ԳʵûбҪѡһȳ껹ҪĻţڵϵ˧۷໥һۣҲӵվڳͻ
ܿ죬һ˾վ˻档˳꣬Ŀе˼ǣô죿
꽫ڷϣһ£ȻһƣžشˣļڵĻȥ
˳ɫûб仯֮⣬˧۷嶼ɫޱ䡣ʱĻɫ԰ףѾѪĿⲻɶ˳ꡣ
ţҪκ˴ҡ˵

̵ͷʱǿ˻״ɵҲ֪߻ħҼȻܹǰоĲףţ֤һİգڳ껹һߴ˵о͸ӵһЩ
˲뵽˸ղųʱֻʹߵĹûʹֲɾɥһаѵкһսʵ
ʱѾƮ˻ǰϥ£ҲЩΪûиƾľһʱ֮Щ顣
һŬʹԼľƽ΢˼һ£¶˼֮ɫ״ʮΣգٹСʱʱͻ˺ʶȡж
۾ü͸СŻüĿ˹ȥȻ󻺻̽˻ʶ
ľո̽뻪ʶ˾ҵķ߾һƺߣıǿѪ
ҳ꣡
þڻʶдѶϢľԵظо˻ʶ¶ϲ֮⡣
۲Żʶʶ֮ڴʱȻңǻûдﵽĵزŴԼʮ֮һ̽Ʒ͸ȻٿʼһһذƷŻʶ
ʶĹвɱؿһЩ䣬Що󲿷ֶǶԳ˼
ľһʹۿһۻ԰׵ݣĿо֮ɫ
Ȼо˻ʶʼػָб֪ʼƷתֱ۾С˳ŻתĹ켣
ʱڼžţ⻪˶ڽڻɫǴʱѾ׻߻ħˡߣǻܹæǻһߣȴû˿취ʱҲֻܹеϣڳϡ
ǵֳϲ֮ɫΪǿ˻ɫںת
ֹ˴ԼĸСʱҵʱ䣬ջ˾ӵվȥȻؽŹϡ
ꡭŵʵ
ûˣҪһʱ䡣˵ȻȻתͷŻͱչصķ˹ȥŻͱչصķȥ
ꡭߵķһס˳ꡣ
Ҫˣ
국˵ɫһ㶣Ѿ߹ǰȥĻ˧۷ɫϲæ˳
긺վһԺ֮еĹ֮£ĶǻͱչصǸķš
˧۷վڳ󣬴ʱǴӳľٶѾ겢ûж⣬ֻȴųأҲûһľٶϲŶķš
ӷɢǿϢϢ˰СʱҲɢȥ˵ػͻƣ
Ŵ򿪣˳˫֮Ϊոͻ䣬ųɫ΢΢һ㶣¶һ˿ư֮ɫˣû𣿡
ֶûнУȴʻûꡣֻһ仰ѹ˳ƣǸ߳꣬ǰһС
е£국˵ոͻƣûȶɣ
ޣؿ˳һۣû뵽ǰ˵Ȼǰ껹ûƣ񡭡
ûеȵĥһ𣺡񣬲дһΣ
һ»ɫ͸ӵعŹˣ껰е˼ǳףոͻƻûȶ磬дһҰȶһ¾硣
㡭Ѿˣⲻû𾪵ʵ
ЦҡҡͷûУ˧ڣ
ڳĻ˧۷໥һۣû뵽ֻ˧ڣȴܹʤ˧۷֡Ҫս
չһЦҵȻҪԾߵݺͻд衣
Ŷ
ȻҲȻ˳껹һߡȴ¶˰Ȼ֮ɫߣ˭֪ڵûоĳżеõѵ˶̵ʱﻹܹľ磿
Ϊǰչأǲ֪֪綼ʼ۾ˡ
ãһûк;߽֣Ҽʶһ£
ҲǸոͻƣҸսһ͵ǰʲôƴǵģοҲҪһսе˶֪ǵϵһ֡


545 ս
ಡ
η˸߿գеĻʿȵĿ˿еĻ񡣻е޿񣬲ǻҼô򵥣ҵľ֧
ಡ
ʮ˱ɽΧų
Ŀ΢΢һоܣƺⲻưɫʧоһӴԪռȡһѴ󽣡
ڿ߿֮еǿ紵ϵ·졣
ΪǰȻȳ֣Ŀʾȳ֡سȻȥƣϾҪȢ˼ҵŮܹ̫һʮ˱ɽͺХŶĻȥ
ĺã
һ˫סңڿһųɿرƽеĴһţҪʮ˱ɽķɡ
ϡ
дܼĽײʮ˱ɽǿķˣǻǰȴûеһǰ˫΢΢顣
ǶûзˣȻ˽˫÷飡
ĽŲڿк󳷣ֻ˲ͺͻ˾룬һеʮ˱ɽٴŻ
ֻٴλӶ󽣽Щɽķɣųƽǳȴٴκ˾룬Ȼʹʮ˷ɽٴŻ䡣
ȡ
һÿаҷɣеĴһâ˲佫ǰķɽɣȻӿٶȣδɽĿ϶мų꼱ٵرƽ
ಡ
ڿ˲Ӱֻ˲ֺͻ˾룬еķɽٴŻλۣ˷
ȡ
ٴδȣһ˿еķɽȻԪĶѸٵػд֮ڣ˼ȫԪų˳ȥгһɽâ·Ҫһһ㣬ųն
Ѹٵһȥٶʵ̫ˣ˿еĹ켣ûпֻǿԼĽâһ롣
ɫһ䣬뽫նɱŮ˼ôֻ֪ܲһһߣɱҲɱˣһôܹԼŮ
ǳ겻һ߰
˵һߣܹ˧ڣǰѵһţȫܹԼŮҿղų֣Լһܹ˵꣬Ҳ߰
ڵϣҵĵҲǸһֱǻҴ˱һˣֻдãһ
ǡ
ո𣬱·ס˲һ㣬˺档ڿеĻҲһ
Ǹһĳɢˣȴû˿Ѫûʬӿ׹䡣
˫һ̷Ӧ˹ǸԼгͲǳ걾ˣǳӵٶ̫죬Ӱ
Ȼķɽһ
һ趯󽣿ķһɽĿҲ˳Ρ
ڿһսӣεͣųꡣʱѾ֪ԼҲʤ˳꣬˵Ѿվ˲֮ءͲͻͽֻԶԶʹŷɽ򻪹ͽû˵ꣿ
ǣ͵ɫҲû˿ľɥΪԼȻ˲꣬ǳҪ˵ҲܡԼ弶ʵҪƾŷɽ˵Ǿǳ롣
ʱҲ˻Ҫֵ˼밡ûԳ弶ʵءҪҵһĶ̫ˡԣһʮ˱ɽ͡ಡط˻ڿСǲǲ۳һ󽣣ȻŻ˹ȥ
һ˿ϲղҲûдù񫣬Щźն˹һӶеĴӭ˹ȥ
ϡ
Ѵڿвϵ໥ײβϵڿкˡʱ𾪲ѣȻԼٶȶꡣ
ܹϳǾ͹ˣ
ʵ൱ٶԭٶȼĺǣһײ֮󣬻ûüڶУĵڶѾն˹ÿһζûҴҳοԭ֮ϣ
ҴҳĽһǴҴңûȫ·磬ȻƵԪתһӿϾ弶ȻǱ˫ڵϣһ·ĵصˣվһƨ˵ϡ
һеķɽಡطɻ磬ӿص˵棬Żֵϣ
ðŴ˹ɬų꣬ʱ治Ұѳ굱һСˡ
ΧЩҵӴʱˣееľ֧ôˡ
˧۷໥һۣвɰ̾ԭǶսʱ򣬸ûʹȫ
ǻһȻһԼѾɳΪԼĴڣеʧ֪
̸ο˺ܶ࣬Ѿܾûֿ˵ˣҲûô
ȴҡҡͷԼ֪ԼĿʲôʱѾ֪Ϊչأ֪Һ͸緢ĳͻܵø˼һ˽ʱ䡣΢Ц˵һȥɣո߻ħ
߻ħɫһ䡣
ûʲô£ѾˣԱȽϷһЩ


546 ̸
һ㻪û˿壬ƾھΪûаգҲûӴаˡǲĵ˵ҿȥ𣿡
ȻЦҪ
ͷŻķȥ˷Ÿǰƿ˷ţҲûнȥǾſڽĿ˻ɫô԰ףоࡣ
û˰ɣ
⣡ᶨ˵
ǡ
ոճأӦ֮ҪҾΪ㴦˼֮£̸
ãлл
Ҳһɴ֮ˣл˳֮תȥؽŹϣȻϯض۾
Сʱ֮˽Ų̧㿴˻񣬸Ҫվȴҡҡͷֱߵ˳ѹʵôˣ
Ҫһʱ䣡Ҳѹ˵
ָ֮˼ž겻֪οڣҲЩΣ˾ôĬš
ջǻһЩܶණѾˣֻ΢һ㿪˵ҵ˲ٲ뵽;֮УҲڻɽнƽǺǡ
꿴˻һۣɫû˿⡣ϵһ㣬ǰǻûмֽʽ˽˸ַʽȻʶռһɽУҪ˵УչʵҲܿڸĺ棬ڲõĽԶԶ˦ں档
ͷʵҪĻֻܶ࣬ǺСһ֣ǽҪǵ鲼硣ܵĻһҪ͸
͵۾һ԰ȫ绹й̨ء뵽͵ֳϲ֮ɫҲ˵ڹǹƽڹǿˡ
ȻȻͷ
ǸĹܲܳһЩǻң
ҡҡͷУ
ͿЦҪ޸ġ
˵ǹ˽˽ȻҽģǴʱѾˡ
Ѱ˼һµҿ˽һ߹һ־
ŶЦͲǹ˽ˣ
Цҡͷ͸Ĺҽ֮ǰԼĹڵһйҩƼȶʷǰûԴĶ档
ԴģĿ˻ɡ
ʱɫȻҪֳһ˿ǡֵĽȻԴʼѾʼˡ
˵ֽһ˵ľҲҸ֮Ĺ
Ծһ㶣Ҳ˶ԳһЩţ´ų꣬аѵŵĴڣҡҡͷѴʱŵһߣڸӹĵ⣬ղŴӻ˵˸֮󣬿ǵ½˸վ֪˸ŴͨʮĹֻǴͨʮôܹۺ졣
Ҫ˵⻪ͻţǾд֮ˣӲؿŴͨʮ弶ӵ˴ͨʮĹ֪ԼʲôʵĿųҵĹܹͨ
ȻʮЦ
ãͿĵĳļ򣺡Ҿллˡ
лЦе˵ǰġ
šҲЦе˵Ҳлл㰡
˾ôЦеضţջǳЩסˣ¶֮ɫǡǴӦҺˣ
ҲúͻͼˣǲӦ׺ˡȴû뵽һ̯˫ֵԭҲûз԰
ɫһͣûзԣûΪʲôûȥңûΪʲôŪô꿡ȥսҵ
ϸһ룬Ҳȷʵûȷ˵ԵĻˡǲô˵ȴȷرʾͬԼͻĻ£óϲ
ǰɽԲ񣬲ǽ˸ͻҵ飬ԼͻĻ¡ʹ˵񡭡
ȴɫһһ񣿡
ɫЩڨڨջɫ΢˵
ţصͷС꣬ʲô飬˵
СˣǳˣаԿЦȴû˿ĸı֮ҾͻὫߺ;ֹ
ŷһ۵û⣿
꽫ӽڣ۲һ»ȻЦ˵û⣬һСʱȫָˣľҲܹͻƵƷһ
͵ɫһϲʱѾͨվ֪˹ھƷ˻£ҲųʵС꣬㽫ķչƻʲô
΢΢üͷЩ㲻廪͵˼ʲô˼
Цҵ˼˵Ѿǻһ֣ԻǸλӾûʲô뷨
ˣָǸλӣЦҡͷҲǻһ֣㲻ҲûȤ𣿡
ⲻͬҡҡͷҵͬұϾֻһ壬ȻҵʵǿҲֻǸʵͬ㲻Ǹʵǿ㻹Ÿ磬Լо͹ۺʵҪȻǿܶࡣ
ҡҡͷûȤҡ


547 ۻ
ؿŻ͵øչʱ򣬲һҵǸλǿ𣿡
΢΢üͷ˼ţصصͷܹ緢չ鲼ȫĻҲȷʵҪƿһǿܶࡣˣҸոճأҪȥϢһͽˡ
͵õԼҪĶֿ뻪ʱܽˣȻȥ
һȻƿ˷ţֽŹϣ˻ǰԼȥʱ䣬۾鼤֮£һ˽˳Ļ
û鼤ԭоԼҪ߻ħ߻ħҲֲˣֿ־Ļǲܹܵġȴû뵽ΣĹͷ˼ҹĳˡ
ظŻ㷢ֵԺҪôðգ
ڳĻű˵㶼ҡ
εЦЦⲻ˵ҲæҲе𣿷򱻻һ»ɽǲҲ㣿
ߣڳĻŤµھͲҰְְһ»ɽ
굱һͦŵȻˣѾдˡ
㡭ҰдˣȻӳĻ̧ͷϸشų꣬ûˣЩһɲĵʵûˣ
ô᣿Ȼ˵ֲҵĶ֡
Ұ֡Ķ֣һ˫Ŀŵų꣬죬߽һʵ㡭ʲôʵ
߷˧ڣھƷļڡ
Ʒļڣ൱ʲôʵ
൱ְ弶
ų꣬ȻһҰְû˰ɣ
ûУҵȻҪӡ
㡭һСȭͷųŴһ¡
¶б㵣Լİְһֱǻһ֣ȴԼ˵Уְֻ֪᲻ϹȥΪꡣ
ѾͬˣЦ˵
ģ¶˾ϲ
ģЦеصͷ
¾;Լͬһ㣬ų˹ȥһߺͻţһһ˫ֿʼŻ˺ô֪Уһ˫Ѿ˻棬һ·Ϯ˻ǰ߷塣
̡
һӾȥݣ˴ϡ˫ĿһƬΣɳ꽫˸ֱѹ鲻Խؽһͳת
ڶ졣
꽫дõֹ˻ͣԽ˻ͺԼĸӣ뿪˻ɽ
ͻҴЭ飬θڻɽнҲû谭ܸ˸һƤڻɽ˻͵ȴǳҪģܵøԼӡܸ͹˾ȻҲҪӣЩ㱻׵
ԭ¼գú㻪ȴһ绰˻ȥǲܹȥΪ黹еǵĩ֮һθ֮ľۻᡣ
ܷɻܿ͸ϻ˾ǣҲûлصԼǱֱİ칫ҡ
굽һ绰Ҳ˹ŰԵ˵˳
ԭԴӵؽ֮ĸ㶼ĥҪռȵĵλǷսǿ϶ǲʱ˵ģ๲ͬһˣǾ˻ʮֵǿ
ĸӸھżе֪ʷǰԵɣѵʶﻹҷս
ǲսζŲҪռиĻȨһĩУռԽĻȨɻӵиİȫС뵽ʱҲԼҵһЩڻҲǣ
Ĵ㽫Ŀⶼ֮ϣͬĵ˴һεĲ治ôͣѾˣڵͲνͬʱҲϣ˧ܹ֮д衣дǾˣϾ񾳽߻̫ˣһʲôʧһǿȫʧ
˼ǣһҪȥģΪĴ쵼˶μʢᡣڹֹҲȥ룬Ͼĩǰе֮һ
βμӵû鷳꣬ȫ˹ȥڹҾѡһЩ˳صĻ˧ߵĲΣβǷصģܹӰ쵽ĻȨ˼ɳս
ȻܾҲҪȥϵĸ֣Ͼ߷滹ûдﵽ񾳽磬ܹ͸˧дһ£ĳɳҲźܴ
λģԵصҲһ֮
뿪İ칫ңصǱ鶼ɣȻһţһߵȴʱĵ
յʱܿȥ
һգ棬һߵܷɻȥ
֮Щ֮䳶ƤҲᣬԭǹڷȴˣȴǿأ·˹
غ·˹Ǹż峤ǰһļѾҲˣҳ˼Ҫŷ޽һ硣
˵Ҳһбµˣһܹĩǰս־Ӣӵôһûбµˣ


548 ķ
Ҫ븴ˣȻʮֻӭҲǹѹսѣֵβǣ
ﻹ治ǹ¼ҹˣЩҲ߾ۼһߡ뿪ʱʵѾˣǴﵽ˴󽫺۷塣˸֧֣ΪܿͻͻƵ˧
˵óִ绰ǰʢ٣Ȼǰŷ˵һȻƶŷ޷һˡ
غ·˹ڼڵĵλ󳤣ȴ¼һˣΪ˳רŵΣÿųĴ۹⡣ȻҲ˿غ·˹峤˫Ҳ̸
һա
ɴӻΪӷ硣ȻҪغ·˹Ҳ˹Ҷˣûʲôÿ׵ġѡ˴ʱʢΪľƵ껪ʢٴƵΪɽӷ硣
ɺﶼܼھ̸һڶͷŷˡ
ɺߵĵ죬ĹԻ鼴ٿһջƻʱ֣ڻʢٴƵٿһƻᣬ·ӢڴˣĹԡ
ȻҲߣи·Ӣһû֦չŮǺϱߵ㶼˻ʢٴƵꡣ
ʢٴƵ棬һлؽ֮Уĩպķ棬ڴƵȴֽԣһʢ
һſڶ¥ȵķϣǿأұ·˹
ĿûĿĵ·ѲţͺͿһǳ͵̸ţ˵Ͽ̸ʮͶԹһ˿΢Ца֪ûад
Ŀűȥ˫Ŀ΢΢һУһŮˣǸŮҲĿ⳯˹ͬʱеľƱȻһЦŮ˲Ǳˣ񿭶Ů硣
ҲеľƱʾһ£ȻĿתЩΣ¶Ҫ޸˼
ǺǣˣһԵĿؼЦ˵
һ۵˵˵
˵˵ɣ·˹ҲŹֵЦ˵˵ĻǿǶˡ
˵ˣҡҡͷĿȥ
꣬ɱС磬˧۷ʵҼѧԨԴսʮǿ
Ŷ
ɫ΢΢һ㶣ɨ˹ȥȻǸ˧۷壬ⲻó΢΢Ծ
ǿΨһŮһѧС
ˣԭֻһӣһеԴϡһ㣬Ϊҵļ̳ˣҲǴﵽ˧
ҳţֻûʺϵľӵоڵʵҲԲ硣
ʱڳĶվˣĸߴİˡһһ̷ǸŶĳ꣬ضǸ̷˵򣬶Ǹ˾Ǹ糤ꣿ
΢Ц˵ʲƷ򣬾˵ǸѾ˧ڵʵһһߡӦһС
˧ڣߣУʲƷмЦЦ˧ڻ˧۷Ķ𣿾ߣи߽׵ľ𣿾ʷǰżеõ˾ʱҲ᳤ɣУҲ䣿
꣬Ǹͷ˾ǶıʲƷβμ˧ѡ֣˧۷塣
ŶͷɨʲƷ򣬹ȻоһּΪʢѪ
꣬ǱߣĿʾҲһ༫Ϊ׺ˡ
꽫Ŀ˹ȥͬʱҲɨ˹ȥĿһ̾ͿǸһ˧۷壬Ǹĸоȴֹ˧۷ô򵥣ȻûкͶԷؽ֣ȴһֱ۵ĸоԷսԳ˧۷壬ﵽʵֻǾﵽ񼸼ʵ
ʱǸҲо˳Ŀ⣬תĿų˹̸оԼͬһͷǶһ㣬һ˿Ȼ
˼壡Ħѹ˵֮ͬڼ޵УҲѪͽ̻ܹһս
ʱĦĿ¶֮ɫ
ĦƵĿ⣬ջ˾ѹʵˣѪﻹѪ𣿡
¿·˹ŬŬʾ꣬ĿУһ߹ʱ§һŮŵ貽ɫ԰ףݡ
δѪİ
ľɨ˹ȥһֱѪȵϢ̲ڰڣǱظо
ǷֱŶŷ˺𣿡
ǣ·˹ҡͷǴǸԵļ壬̻ҲǵĴԼĴ
΢΢üͷ˼α䲻ǹ֮ĴҲԲμӣ
ǣ
ǿԴμӣ
ǰЦĹӦҪڹҵս֮ϣԸݳս
չüͷ뷨ӦúͿ˵һҲӦһԭ򣬾ǻҲҲԼʵǿߡԭ򣬳ﶼЩãбҪú̸̸ˡ
·˹
һӲԶѭȥһ·˹ĿϵЦ⡣
ʲôʱģ·˹Ųչֱۣӵһ£Ȼ·˹˳Ϳص²˭
Ϳһ֣¶˾ϲ֮ɫά޵ĵܵܡ
·˹˵˵ѾѪѾ˧ڡҾĳͿء


549 ˼άĹ
꣬أǺܸˡ¶ϵЦݡ
ãҲܸˣͿҲչֱۺͲӵһ¡
ʲôʱģ·˹һʵ
ϸյЦ˵ȻĿת˳·˹˵Ҹǳ㣬ܲҸõָ㣿
ʱдһ£˵һɨĿ¶һ˿͵˧ˣ
¶һ˿죬û뵽Լûкͳ꽻֣׵֪ʵɽĿ·˹·˹ʼ磬ʾԼûкͳһ²͸ӺˣҲûóȻȥʳΪʲô֪Լʵ˵ҵʵԭͱҸߣǼ岻ȥսӡ
ͷȻ֪ǱάԲıĸſ˻ȵķϣ·ˣЩ̾˵û뵽ֻ˶࣬뵱սӵʱ򣬻Ϊ˧ȫûж٣ҿ϶һЩϼһ
Ǹʱǵ뷨ûʵҲȷʵˡص˵ֻĩս֮󣬿ռ˾ҵ𶯣úܶʷǰż¶˳ϵĸȻͱѪɣҲõѾʧܾõĴУڶʱڳ˶ĸ֡
ͷʵȷʵˣ겻Ҳǳ˲˧ⶼʷǰż
˼ʷǰʱѪ壿ɫȻһ㶡
ţѪʷǳƾõļ壬ƾõԼû֪
ǺǡһԵ·˹ͻȻЦʵεǽ̻ᣬһԹԾӵģȴƫƫʧȥ˹Ĺ⣬ɵĽ񼸺е߶ͻͽǽ̻ͣǰĩֱǽ̻սߡ
Ǻǡ
ҲúЦ·˹˵ò̻κһйأĩƫƫʧȥ˹Խ̻ĹżӰ죬ĩճǧ꣬Ҳ̻ûʷ֮ˡ
ҹʱֲɢȥͼλѷֱ֮ȴֱķ䡣Ķ棬ֱʵӦÿԴɣ
ɫƽǸһ裬Ȼ˵ϵȻԣһϣ
ΪʲôĿһ
Ϊ֪ھһģûܹжߣҪĿƵųꡣ
ҲҪ국˵
ǻˣ
ǸĴʼˣ
꣡ġ
ûȤ̴Ļ
꣬Ҫǻ˵ɣһǻӵлȨʷУûоĿܡ
˵òȷʵһ֮֮ҿǵĲǻˣࡣ
⡭ìܣЩ㵵˵ֻҪǿˣֻҪõ˸ĻȨֻҪΪԪףһжܹΪʵֵĿꡣ
ҡҡͷԴս˻֮оͲһƻִƻʵͻǰе뷨ӵ
뷨ҲУŷҲУСڶ֮УȫŽҲδܹ赲οǻ뷨ȻȻǳΪһ֮ףЩ뷨ǲɱġԣǵУܹͳһȫ磬һ۹Ȼپȫһս
ĬȻ̾һ⵱Ȼ״̬ʵҲӦףֹغʱ̣ȫֻҪһ˵Ǽǡ
˵̾Ϣһûκһܹһ㣬ԶϣܹøĻȨû˽ģֻϣڽܹ᳹ȷ뷨
ȷ뷨ĮȻһЦͺµʱҶΪԼ뷨ȷġ
ԣҲϣܹսΪӮøĻȨ
ҡҡͷﲻĿģ»ʵ䷴
ʵ䷴ŵųꡣ
̾һһ⡣
Һһ⣿ʲô⣿
ǽ뵽ĩյʱ仹̡ζɬ˵
ǽ뵽ĩյʱ仹̣ʲô˼
˼˼άĩ֮ǰĹԡʼȻЩͻûдĩ֮ǰ˼άѳŽΪԡ˵Ǹ뷨ûȥƶ۵һ뷨ǵľٶƶһѡҲٹ꣬߸Ϊǿ޳֣ݻķ֣һѹռ䣬ǸʱŻᱻǹĸ֮ĸŽһⲻò˵ı
ĬȻҲòϳ˵ⷬʵڵġ죬Щȷʵ˼
Ҳ뵽ڶ֮УҲãҲգҲνġҼȻֹǣҾ˶Σһһطչ硣
һ۾𽥵˼ǰѸ罨һȻصλϣ
ͷû
񱥺ؿ˳һ۵ãͬˣʹսĴҲֹһˡ
ллϵ˵
ҡҡͷһջ̲ס˵ҲڽĻΪȫ䡣
˵ҲСҪһΪȻڵ˲١


550 
֪ҲصͷһᾡǷʵԵĳͻʵǱܲҲһķΧڡ
οƣ
Ц֮ĳͻ͹֮ĳͻŸģ֮սģսۣҲɱǿģֻ֡Ҫڸ߲ܹ֮ѹƶԷѾɹһ룬ֶ֮εˡȻҲȴСҲ׿ơ
̸֮Ժгķʽڶͳٿ˼дᣬ˳꽫
ӣε߿ʼָѡʿξУ˧Σÿֻѡʮˣʮ˻Ϊÿεʮ֡Ȼʮ֮
˧ߵѡ󣬷Ҫμӵ˶Ա˧ڣ˧۷塣
һ˻ֻǲ١˧߾ȻʮˡμӱľаˣЩڣӦø˧Ҳμһ£ܹԸʵԸȫƹŲɺӵƶá
ѡ˧ߵĩ֮ǰ٣ѾΪһƬ棬׼֮Ϳʼ֣ؽ١
ٳΪϳٵϿ
ϿյԵͯ˧˴ǲǳ
Ǻǡͯ˧ųЦݵ˵Ҳһ֮ã֮͸֮һ쳹硣
ЦЦûнӻֻ۾Ͽյ
ͯ˧һۣ˵Χûˣѹ˵꣬ŷ޽̻ܹѹеŷйڽĸҲδزܹȫԿޡ
üëջû
ʱʮȫ˧߶վھٳ֮⡣еǹ¶һվеؾһǶڵȴѡʼǹ
ѡֻѡִķʽǳ٣Ȼ˭ܹĹ¼ֵã˭ʤߣҲ˵뿪ٵʮ˾ѡʮ֡
Ȼκһ˧߶;˳ȴڽҸطҲ˵ѡֱ벻ͣͬս
ⳡѡһֱתᾫ׼ץÿһѡ֣ÿһѡֵıֶʾڻʢٹ㳡ϵʮĻϡ
ʱڻʢٹ㳡Ѿɽ˺ȫеݵ߶˴˴ĩ֮ΨһʢҪۼ֤ʮ˧ֵĵ
ʮ鳬ĻѾʮˣʱظдʮ˧ߵɫʮƽǵ֮٣Ӵ˴ܹ֮ͬһڿ
ɫʮƽѾֻߵݣԲþ˱̭ˡǰʢ٣һЩ֣ЩȻûн֣ȴܹоǿȻֻ˧۷ʵսѾԽ˧۷壬һҲδǵĶ֡
⼤˳ս⣬ҪƾߵʵͶԷһԼһʲôΡȻҲ㹻ģȻֻ˧ڣͬΪԼҲԺ񾳽һս
顭
һ̻ڿбƣѤ˰ɫա
ʮ˿ʼˣÿ˶ܳȣûмҴҵؾֱٶȥǲȥﶼʱѾʼˡûߣٽ֡
ȻܹһЦҲܹһÿеȹԼڴս·£ΪʼһССΪʧܵľء
ֻĹûʮ˧ߵȶãҾٻңϿյͷǣŽֻǷ˹Ȼ͹ֽʮ˸
߶ȡԼıУֱжУеǰսڵԪ֮ȻһһǰУȴһģĸо
εľĺܳף綼ûͷųȥȫƾԼСһֻģһ£ͬһƬƣеսĨĲӣһһǰȥı󡰺¡һֻصˤڵϣһͷ­ӲϷ룬ȥԶ
һߣǸָһĸצͬצһ㣬ڿһʮֽ棬ӲؽһֻĲ˺ϡ
ǸѪţһϸȴʮ鶯һ̣ȻδӹسķΧֻˤ˼£Ҳ
ʲƷʹһ޸쳣ıҰһԴѪһһȭӴ˳ȥ
һ󽣣󿪴ϣһ·ǰʮ˸ܣȴûһ˷ϸ߿գ˽һһӡǰнҲǰҡûһ˿һ
ͨͨ
ǵʱˤһֻֻЩʹߵҲʮǿʮ˵ȴ·ֽͬһ㣬һֻôĻµЩѪš
·;˧˵Ǻ̵ܶģܿʮ˾̤١һ٣ʮ˱ɢǱƴ˭ֵʱ䳤ȻܹܵһѡһΡĳǽǣԱܵСҲѡһ¥֮խĺͬܲʮɢٹעԷ


551 ۹֮
ҴʱΨһľǶһ֮ǰɱɱùɣһֻǸոտʼǵԪûʲôģһûгء
ȴȫҪһԼļޣţҲˣѪЩԼطڱϳ꣬ǳȴԼĳ־Ҫǡ
ϾĹǴͨһɴͨһٵĵʮֵؿܹģ̲صԪҲ쳣ۺԳĶеڴĻ¹ۿĿࡣ
ಡ
ڵϿٶȾȻٶȡȻŴ温еսӳĹ켣ͬҽǣ޼ѰÿһնһԴ
Ҫʲô
ʱڹ㳡ϵЩߣеĿⶼ۽ʾǿĻϡڣҲһЩ߿˳жһҲɴ㵵ųıӰ
أ㳡е߶ĿڳǸĻϣ񣬿ҲɽĿȥ
ǸҪʲô΢Цʵ
ûֻǵҡҡͷаҪʲô˭֪¡
ţĿעŴĻ¶һ˿ȣѵҪȥ۹ã
ʱڵĸ¥鵹۹Ҳ⣬ǼʹˣһƬУ۹ҲߵĴ¥
ѵҲ΢΢ֱӣҪվڵ۹õĶˣ
ʱ걼еķǵ۹ãһپ׼ߵ¥ҪվǸߴԼγİΧУҪԼƵޣԼļ޾
뿪ǸݶֻԼƶķΧ̶Ǹ¥ķΧ֮ڡζǸݶɵȥһ˵һĿ顣
ಡ
ηŵ۹õĶ˷ȥս裬նһֻֻ
Ȼȥ۹ˣ
ͺͿһۣϵЩҲĴ㣬һÿ˶ŴĻϵĳꡣ
ĩ磬ÿһĶһݲУϵĴݲи塣ãȻߣҲϣ
ʱҪӢۣҪżҪ֧
ͺͿɾ߱ݣ˳Ѿãƽʱͼ֣͸뺷ľٶ
һ̣ÿۿļ䶼˳ӰӣҪõһֻҪܹ˧ʮУֻǵʮҲᳬһ
ಡ
˵۹õĶͬǹһֹͣսб̧࣬ͷ˿С
ʱͷĿУǸɵľ޴еģƵɵĳڿ޴ĳĻڿУһ졣
һУųһų긩˫¥ͬʹ¥һ壬еս
β֮壬ҲƵûҽǵ鶯
ڵԪھתͬһ㣬ˮ֮壬ƵҲˮ
һնͰźͬһسյĵâҹա
䡭
һնǽǰͷβ룬ǵâδ˵ڶֻֻһֱֻƺľʮʬ䣬Ѫ
㳡ϵ߿Ѫȡ
䡭㳡ϵҵغ
ڷɳϣ͸ش㳡ϴĻĿĿһһѾ˧۷壬񾳽硣һԵĻ͵û˿ɫ仯Ҳǰ𾪣ǰҲûþƾߵʵӵơ
˧ڣƫͷŻ͡
ţͷȴڰ˧ڣҿûѣľ
䡭
۹֮ϣһһնͬһһ˵һˣӵ΢еâ˸ÿһնֻӿе䡣
߿
еХϣ޴зɳĶĸų긩޴ĳĻſװ죬ͬĵмĳ˹
ͻȻڵһתսڿһʣ·ڵ۹ϳһ޴ĺУȴݵâɡ
ֻʱ䣬бѪƮ֫ɵ
ʱĳͬһħѪеսȴâһһնһʽһʽͣݺῪͬ쫷󣬾ɲΡ
ʱڵʮҲ˳ͣûվߵĵ۹ϣʮʲôλãֻҪ̧۾ܹ
߸ĵ۹ۣ֮һħӰֳսݺῪϣͷƵɵĳУ׹

г׹Щױͼŭˣ۹Ͽе·׹䣬ų׹䡣

ʧˣ۹֮ȫڣһΧŵ۹֮ĵĳꡣ
ҲһУǳĵâγУȻûд󣬼ֱԳΪСȴϬ쳣ͬһһ㣬ϵؽн䡣
㳡ϡ
ʱߵĿⶼʮĻ˵ĿⶼۼһĻϣǾǳڵǸĻϡ
ڴĻϣȻӰȻֻܹǸɵĳУȴܹеĿĵâ
˵Ķҵͬʱֳһֶܹã


552 ˮ
ڡ
еʮУееȴǲм
ȡ裡

һֲסӵ۹ɾͶˣ
͇Nɪɣ˵档
ȴĿս⣬սش˳Ȼ
ಡ
ʼ˴Ӹ˳Ȼѡһ¥Ӷϡ
Ħվһ¥֮ϡ
Ѫվһ¥֮ϡ
̻Ĵվһ¥֮ϡ
ıʲƷվһ¥֮ϡ
ͯ˧վһ¥֮ϡ
˹ٷվһ¥֮ϡ
ŷ˵վһ¥֮ϡ
վһ¥֮ϡ
վһ¥֮ϡ

һӰվ˸¥ۣ֮һһ¥֮۵Ͽγɡ
ûзϸ¥ۣ֮ڽԼĲԣֵֻܹ
ȵֵסľһЩ˧ڣƫƫҪϸ¥֮۵ߡ˵ټȥ·һûԸսߣʶټȥֻʱ򣬱ϵسˡӲͦǾ³ç
һӰԾ˸¥֮ɱȥǲȴڼ֡ⲻò̾˵ս˧ڵʵѾ˧ڵս
˻ǹϵسˣ˲־ǿ֮ˣͬʱҲǴϻ֮ˡ׼ؼԼܵļޣȫس롣
ϵ¶˲мͼĿ¥֮ϻڼֵߣеļӵŨ
ǻֶܹãһɵҲ͹ˣû뵽˶ɵӡ
ʱţȻʱи¥֮ϵ߳룬Ǹ¥֮µЩȴԽԽʧ䣬ΪǸоԼֲסˣڵԪڼģɫѾòҰףѪʼӿտʼĵس롭
¥ۣ֮һڳ롣
֮
ֻʮ¥֮ʮУÿжƵɣʮ¥֮۵߷ҵع
ʱڻʢٵĹ㳡ϣ˵ĿⶼʮĻϣʵʮĻϳʲôҲʮߵȫڱ棬˿ټ
Ҫľʮ˭뿪˭뿪
ǿ
ÿߵЩ񾳽Ҳ̾ѣرһЩһȻѾжϣԼʮϣҲδܹսʤ֮
ʮ˵սʵǡ̫ˡ
䡭
һ¥֮ϵͻȻըһг˳Ӷȥ
˲ʱ䣬Ǹ̻Ĵڳ˳ͷһʣµİ˸Уɫʱ࣬תӶȥ
ûӣͯ˧г˳ͷһ۵۹ãɣ¶οЦݣӶȥ
Ӻŷ˵˳ɳãһϵ忪һ·зɳ
֮˹ٷңıʲƷѪĦ½˳ÿڳһ̣ͷһ۵۹ۣ֮Ȼ¶һ˿𾪺Ͳʡ
ʱѾȫˮİ֮Уˮ𽥵ЩĸоǴʱԵѾһˣһƬһƬ쫷Űɲεǵ˹
ˮѾڴɣ
䡭
֮һͬˮһףıƿ֫岻ȫŵȥ
ʱŽӳȥҪ鿴һ»ж߼һ̽鲻ҪǰԼһھȻҲûߣһ
˵ԼԼһʢٹ㳡ҲǼžһƬ뵹ڶ˧Ħ뿪٣ѾȥСʱˣǳȴɻڵ۹ۣ֮ԪҲеһ
ھ֮ĦʮߴʱɫʮأʱҲ𺳳Ԫ񣬲ɸĥϳӦô죿
˺ܾãεȷԳʱֻڶʱڽܣԲܹͳȥǱҲú
֮дĶ㣬رЩ˧۷ߡ𿴳ټֵãǻ治ܹ˵ʵǿ
Ҫ֪ʮл˧ڵߣһܹնɱ𣿳ǿĵطԪһЩˡ
ҲƴģԾʵڿʼͰˣԪֲͱԪ
ԣЩ˻ǶԳûʲôηģڳԪġ
֪ѾûߣȻɵڵ۹֮ۇNɪȥⲻ
˵ˡ
ĿҲﵽˣˮ˴ɡ
䡭
һһͨ
ಡ
γ˳Ӷȥ
ʢ١
һǫ֮̃ϡ
ĦվһߵǸ߸ֶĺ룬һ˫ӰڰҲڲסĹâϵϢȴʮֵȥͬͨһ㡣
Ħܹǰʮܺãߵ
Ħ˫Ȼ߬һȻɿŬʹԼƽ峤һõһģ
һ߾ĿźڰգƵ˵Ǹܲ򵥡
򵥣Ħ¶һ˿мԪһЩˣҲҾĻᡣ
ֻԪڻͷĦһۣڵ۹֮һֵѪӰצ
ĦĿȴû˿仯ɼᶨ˭ֻΪҲϱǿĥʯ
ߵ¶һ̧ͣĦļ


553 Ŀ
һ¹ڡ
һһųελжһɺҺ壬ŵغһڣͷؽ촽ϵĺɫҺȥİ˵Ҫ٣ѪһԭͲԳ־ͱǼٶȡ
û٣ɫƽ˵һһҵģ
ǾͰû˵˵˫ĿһĨ졣
á
̻վ츸ǰ츸ţ󣬴Ҳɫϵصš
ڿտĽţֻ˵ȴгǧеơ
ԼСʱֹͣУϵȴʡã̻ʵɫ΢΢һ˿仯ϵƶ·һ˿һ̾Ϣѿڶ
̻ʡ
̻ûлͷϵ޷Զдһ˿һ˿ʣ̻ӰѾԽԽˡĩ֮ǰѾʼ˥ĩ֮ʧȥ˹ӡѵ𣿡
ģɫ˵
һսڽ̻ҪֻܹʤܹܡҪΪףӭع
ǣϥ˵ϡ
֪֮ìɣ
ǣ۾һҽ̵ʥֻʻū˹ǹ
֮ìӵһʥ־ֻҪֳиǹһٶʮ߷Χڵ˽Գǹ߸ˣʧȥ˻ἴʱҪСĲҪ˶ȥ֮ì
̻ת֪ʲôʱ˫֮Ѿ֮ìɫص˵֮ìڵ־ʹãѾܵˣҪ׼ì־
ֳ˿ȣŽ̻е֮ì˫΢΢˳ȥ
ʲƷֱվڶԪһ۷˹ֵǰ˹űʲƷеһ˿ʧȥ˵ʲƷǽǰ
ʲƷһͦԪףҵĿǵһ
Ķͯ˧ɫʮɣΪ֪˧߱ĵһһǳ꣬ûûɻҵӳ𣿲ܳǷǻʵǲıġԣͯ˧ûʲôҪ󡣶ͯ˧Ҳ˧۷壬Ǵͨʮ˧۷壬ȥͯ˧ȴ˫֮дһ˿ǡ
ľóȻһ
⻹ʲô𣿡ɵʵ
ͯ˧ҡҡͷҾóθͲþȫߵݲ
Ŷɫһ㶣ģ
Ӧģٵʱû¶һξ
⡭
ҪҪͳ̸̸
һ£ȴҡҡͷΪܹıľ𣿡
شǰ
ͳչ˫۵ĩǰĩպȫ쵼ߣӹɣҲǵߡĹҼ縺Ρ
ŵصͷĿվһԵ˹ٷңɵЦ𣿡
ģ˹ٷһͦš
Ķֿɲ̬ɡ
Ҹǿ˹ٷ˫ȭһգ˫ȭ֮ϾȻ˸˿˿â
͵صͷ׵ܾкǿĻõһûпܡĳһصĸоҪע⡣
˹ٷȻûȴε¶һ˿м
ɪڿϣ˫ظһ󽣣ɻƽбʯͷŝ⡣ǰվŰ˸ˣ
ɪ̾Ϣһϧû˽ʣ
ˡ
ɪ˫ֽһ󽣷һ·ʷӵı˶ˡ
֮ҽЯصҫ
˸еһɪ΢΢ǲӦٻɢѾõʿˣ
Ŵ֮ɣ
һ֮£һϥ档Ķ滹Уһо֮еһ˵ڣӡѾûз֡ṩֵǽӡ뻪򡣡
۾˵ֻҪҶõһѹֻҪǸһ棬Ҳǲܡ
һƵķڣһʿϥڵϣĶͬϥˡ
ʦ֣Ҫɽ𣿡
Ǹʿһ۾ʦ˼ҼȻ˵飬ͺãҪԡ
ǣʦ֣
صԼׯ԰ո£ʹӽ˽жһȷŵ˿ǰɫЩԥջǿʵְ֣˵ܹεĵһ𣿡
΢΢ҡҡͷʮֻ˧ڣµľŸ˶˧۷壬ȻԪһЩȴȡõһ
ɫЩʧ˵Ͳܶõһˣ
Ҳܹô˵ֻǼСһЩô¶Цݵʲô뷨
ְ֡
ְ֣ܹõһ𣿡һطͬʻ
ЦԼȥ
ҡҲʱ˵ְ֣һܹõһɣ㡭
͵ɫһʲôѾͷǲҪҵĶ̣
ǣǣ֡
Żɫߵְ֡
ˣɫ˵óľ˵õĵһϣҲûĶ֡ǣֻߵݣͲ˵ˡ
ôɵɣ
˭֪ҡҡͷҪϵͻƣͲܹþȻݣþľҲѻͻơߺ;˫޵Ľûʮȫʮ顣ţһֵĻҲῲĶࡣ


554 ʼ
һ俧ڡ
꣬أ·˹Ͳһ
ʲôسԾų꣺㲻׼þ
š
ǡаգ
ûУ
ǡֺαأ
˫żĹâҪ߷ͻƣͱ뾭ѹܹþߵĲ㣬Ҫѹ
ݵſڣĸ˷֣ųʧڻ谵ƹеıӰͷա
磬һǿ
֮ʽʼȫص߶ʼŻʢٻۡԴĩ֮󣬰˻ᣬ籭֮Ѿʧˣȫߴȿνĩ֮ʢ£ƾãصߡ
ǰŷ޵˹ٷҺҲҴҵظ˻ҲǾһЩǰЩ߶븴ߣҲԥˡڻɸʵǵ˵糤μߴ֮󣬱ɺϵʢ٣ҪͨۿڴеıԼǷ븴硣
ǵﻪʢ֮˵ѾǰʮȦ֮һ̱븴硣ÿ˵жʮܹǰʮѾ֤˳ʵѾֵǸ档
ʱ룬ȵȡ˸õĳɼǸʱҪ߾͸ˣòãڼ룬Ϊŷ޷绹ڳ׶ΣԼЩ˾ԪϣֻҪԼͺͬʵ£ʸͻѡԼ
˸֮ûм븴̬ȫͬԭֻǹۿ̬ʱȴϣܹȡúóɼֻгȡúóɼŻ˳ķչǲŻиԴ
ӼǣһƵٿһξƻᡣȺоֹЩŷߣʵǿдһ֮Щŷ߳ķڳ꣬Ըδġ
պȿʼʿߴȣ֮ξߴȣУߴȣߴȡӭ˧ߴȡ
ȫߵȵľ˧ߴȣ֮ǰĴȲǼθˡЩ֮ǰĴȶûйֻ˧֮ǰϵûʢܶ߶¶޽ͷ
Щߵʣ¶޽ͷҲû˿ףֻΰ״ʱнͷе֯һʱִӣµ߲ʲôԭֱץ̬ƽϢ
ô˵Щ߶˧ߴȵģǧظȴ˱ץʧȥ˹ۿ˧ߴȣβԸⷢԼϵ顣
˧ߴȵĵص»ʢٵ㳡ϣھʮ׵Ŀüһ׵壬˧߽ڱ䣬ֻҪ˹ٴĽޣ˱
һôǵһʱ򣬿ֱӷɳޣһһ˹ޣͲһٳ֣ܹ޶ȵر֤û¼ķĩУܹһ˧ߣǱһ
㳡ʮ鳬ĻЩĻֱͬȡһֵ˳ٸĻ
߼˴СһĿⶼһĻ
˧ߵıûгǩ֮ǰʱΰűԵ˫
ʱͳһվߴȵĿռڣʮ˧ߵ֡
Χ㳡ΧĴ¥ڣۼԸصϲشǰɳϣжŸ־ƻϣĿ㳡Ͽջۡ
һ߶ȺӽѵķʱˣǻͣŷˣĹͳ
ͺͿɫƽĹͳҲɫƽƽ֮ȴҲż˫¶һ˿ţϾδȹϵĹδĸҷչǰоصӰ졣
ڡеͨ쳹ʢٵĴСӭӡȵĴڣ
ʮ뿪ٵߣҲ˵ʱǵʮ
ӹһӰͷģĴ׳ȴһִȱ֮СλУͣǰĿУ˫ֺʮ·΢΢һ
ڣڡȺ˺Хһػ
ε˫ѹѹߵذҶһ¶档˰һκǻӭ̻Ĵ

ʣ̻ӰڽͣҲдĽ񣬴ʱ̻Ĳ¶棬ͬɽһ㡣
γſзӶȥͣ˴ڵߣ΢΢ʩ񣬳һ׾ŵߣ𷢣Ӣݣӭ˸ĻرŮӵļ
ǻӭԻͯԣ
ͯԣͯԡ
˵ĩ֮ҲģֱʣҴжףԽܵߣζʵԽǿȻζսǿԪҪʤһЩҲԽ󻶺Խ
ͯսȻѾʮΪһ˧ߣòͬʮһ㡣ΪĻ߾ͷ֮һҪӺ࣬˫ֱǸ·ʩһ
شǰͳϵת΢Цͯ˧ǻ˧ˣ֪ԤջʲôΣ
ҲȤ񵭵һЦǲԤ⣬Ǻǡ
ǺǡҲЦ˼
ǻӭŷ˵񣡡
񡭡
ԽԽ죬ͬһͷ𷢣ֻҪȴһ֮Ĺ֮ûӵ


555 
ǻӭԻӣ
ӣӡ
زǶȫأǶڻҲǷǳءصڹڵǰ˸ĻеһۣƮƮӿзӶǰ΢΢ʩ
شǰת˽٣
ɬһЦһǲ˽⣬ĩ֮ǰһֱһִ˵ĩ֮ҲûмǳͻȻ֣Ҳ֪ؾʲôطʵΡ
ҵĻӭ˹ٷңÿŵ
˹ٷң˹ٷҡ
ʢٶһֿȵը֮У˹ٷҷ˿Уףᶨ˸Ļ
شǰ
΢ЦŶԿϵǵϵΪ˹ٷջһʲôΣ
˵ǺǡϵҲɫ˵ȴԵ¶š
ǺǡҲ漴Ц˼Цȴȫʲô˼·ǴΪˡǺǡǺǡ
ǻӭԶıʲƷ򣡡
ʲƷ򣡱ʲƷ򣡡
ʲƷĸߴ˿УֵУߴģڿͬһԶħһ㡣
ǻӭİ
εĻҪһЩϾ˿־Ĵ˵ڿзӶĺ룬ĻӵһЩǰȴȫںʾӡ
شǰ
ͳϵǿЦ˵һǲ֪˵ǻǸ
ҲΪȻǿɬ˵ˣһѪ壡
ǻӭѪĦ
λӵصͣѪĿ־塣ȻʱĦڿеƺţ˹Ϣ
ǻӭԸĳ꣡
꣡ꡭ
ھ˰Ħ˵ͳ֮󣬱˾޴ĻλնڿУ˫ֱȭ·Ĺʩһ
ٴν˫·ѹѹ·֮ź˵ҽ˫
һƬžĿⶼεϡ
һʱһĳʮĴڣ
еĿ˲ڿеĳʹڵϡʹڴӶ߳վһ
꣡ꡭ
ڣڡ
·ҵĻֳɻŸԿõѡֵ֡
ڶʱڶĦھŵĴ
Ӷ߳ĿĦĦĿҲͬش˴һԽ̻ᣬһѪ壬ƾõʷУ˫СԣĿײ𻨣Ŀܹɱ˵Ļ˴ʱԷĿ١

ĦĦ
ȻҲΪĦģǻܿͰѻĦû
ʱİڰͯԡ
·ĻͬͯԵûİ֣ͬá
ͯԺͰӶ˳Ŀڿײһ£֮㲻Էվһ
ĳʱıʲƷ񣡡
ʲƷ򣡱ʲƷ򡭡
񡭡
ͬʤ˱ʲƷĻò˵òϣ϶ҪʤʲƷ
峡ʱ˹ٷҶӣ
˹ٷң˹ٷҡ
ӣӡ
˹ٷҵĻ˲佫ӵĻûһš
֮Ȼ׷ȥڿռֻ֮˳ʹڡ
ʹڿԶʢٶž㳡ʹСеĴĻͬʱʵ
꣺磬˧ڡ
ڣӡȣ˧۷塣
⡭ô𣿡˿ʼ˧ôʤ˧۷壿
Ҳܹô˵ʱһ
һսɣ
ףô
ʱڿУʹʮң˶ûзֻԾ˶ûȡ˫̬ƺҲɳڵġ
ô¶ֿʼ
Ϊʲô֣
ͻȻڶˣ¾һǴȴǳ˳꣬˫ֺʮǰ۾ˣֻ촽΢һιŰµľĴĿ˳
˰ᡭ
оĵصڿУųۣĵ۲ɢֻڳΧصû˿ɢȥеľֻгܹеĹȴûһܹڹڵ˾ڿкط
ǳľȴȫͬǾĵΧӡȻó˲ϲŭֲͬջһִ󱯣оĩлŻʲô壬ֻ˲һֽѡ

̾һʶеľγһתĵ̱ų֮⡣
ղųֻҪһ¶ԷĵЧڶԷһʼоĵʱʶһ־񹥻ֻ־񹥻ĲαȽϵͣҪĵﵽЧ
ԷȻþȻҲԼľþΪ㲻ҲУھĹΪߵĳ걾ܵػþзͷǳ겻ҲС
ղڴоһʱ򣬳ʶͿʼз⻹ǺѹʶڵľھĻᶼУʶڵľԶ
ǣ껹ǲҪʹھභþභڸͲǳĶ֡Գֻþûһ˿ķ


556 ӡ
ܶЭؼǡȡ
ڵԽԽо˳˿ûܵӰ죬ָоķͷ
ڵ΢΢۾Ŀ¶һ˿ţţĴ칦ǿԿϲŭ֣ôԳûһ˿Ӱ죿
򰡣
ְ
ȥɣ

·ĹҲܲ˾ʼˡ
ʹʱԴڵ˽⣬书ɿ˵
оľķɣ
궯ˣ̤һһһ첻ÿһͬóһ㣬ÿһƶһ֡
ķĹ̾˳Ĵڡ
ںǰַ£䶯촽Ҳֹͣ۾Ŀ¶һ˿䱸漴㱻սȡҲųķһһһҲ
ڼԼľƲס꣬ҲûкܳԾЩȻǾߣ־ʮǿ󡣸οҲ˵һߣֻǲ֪ʲô̶ȣҪ߲ȥоܸߵľ
̷˾¶Լĵڶ츳ܳꡣ칦˾ʮ˧УҲսʤǴرƴĻûĶ֡
ʹֻ֮ʮҵľ룬˾ߵҲܿߵ˳ֵķΧڡ
ۿȵĹڿɶߣе˶оڼȻûеʽɣĿĳ֣ߵҲһſྐྵȻ˽Ų
ڵ¶ԵţһȭƽƽغȻǼһȭȴƺƵó޿ɱܣΨкӲƴһȭ
䡭
˵ȭͷмײһֻȭͷ֮𵴳һȦٵܵۿɼ

˫˲䱻ʵ÷飬ͬʱһڵһ˿죬漴¶һ˿маСһûʹȫأ
ȴһ˿˷֮ɫԭͺܴ󣬲ΪͨһʵҪΪ̲صǳ֮ǳ֮ͨԪʮ
ǳ껹ûʹùǳ֮ڳĵ֮ڣΪĵĵطǳ֮Χǻתǳ֮ͨԪԳƽʱսʱͨǵͨԪ
κʹӲһȭõͨԪҲûȫ־ߣ˲䣬ǾԲһ־óȫġˣһ۵Ҳʹƴһƽ֡
顭
ǰһһȭִ˿ͬһ㣬ùۿһղŴõǰ˳ʱȴѾ˾ųֻǶһȴǷһ
ߵĳһȭƽ֮ȻڶȭҲһ
䡭
˵ȭͷٴײһһ޺ռ䶼ЩŤ˵ζŶݵıΡ
ٴθԺһڵĿһû뵽Լʹ˾ųɺͶԷһƽ֡
ĹһƬžȻʹûۻҵʽֻƽƽ໥ȭȭཻɵһÿ˶֪뿪ֲֽΣաܵһܾܿͻᱻ˸
ںͳ໥һۣͬʱٲǰһǸһȭ˳ȥ˴˶ôʮɵֻȭͷûײһбܼش򱬿ͬһĴףʵ͵ζҡΣֻԴģ¡
䡭
һĺڿб졣

㳡Χĸ¥һƬѵϵĲ飬·¥µЩڶߣҲûˣҴʱҲעԼûˣĿſУҪ֪˭ˡ
δںͳ˵ζź浹˳ȥ˸㵹ʮңɼײ
΢΢һ۾оԼȭͷЩ΢顣ڶĴҲĿ¶һ˿𾪡һ˿˲㱻Ȼȡֻ˧۷壬еһЩܹʩչͻƵ񾳽磬ӳսɼ
ǣⲻζûʩչһȻҪܵһЩɡǵؿҲݲ˽ͷһؿų꣬˵꣬ǿ
ҲǿĿҲ¶һ˿͡
ܹһ֮£ҲҡһԭҪһ
ڵȻŵɫһ̤βһһų꼱˹ͬʱһֻ־ųĻȥ
ֻڰյ֮Ѹٵرʹһ֮࣬ûƿյıȴش֮ͬǧ޺о֮УֻѾųͷĻ
ʱ˿ڵƲʹһڳĸоֻȴ·һ㡣
ŴӡսĴ¶һ˿𾪡
ҪˣʲƷ򵭵˵
δأͯ˧ᣬȴżš
úã
еĳǱڷתԪӿһСغѸٵػȭͷ֮ϣһʽٻԭӭ˿нٵĴӡ


557 VSĦ
䡭
Ӱٶ֣һ£һϡ
·ȥڵϷȥۿ˵ξҪٻķΧ˵ͬʱһȻһһŶԷٴײȥ
䡭
һһ²ϵײţÿһײǴӡǱ굹Ҳûóǳ֮
ˣĦ˵
ûǴҶͬĦĻĳ־ҶʶֻҪܹڱʽʤ꣬ϵƴ־Ҷ֪ûܹƴùꡣ
Ȼʮײ֮󣬴ڱͣдžɥ˫ֺʮų΢΢һˣ
Ҳֻصã
뿪˾εηɵ˿кȵһʤ
꣡ꡭ
˫·ѹѹȻüĦ
Ӱ˿У˫޵۾ŭŶԷĩ֮ǰһԲؾ˫ڹȥʷв֪ȥ˶ˣ໥֮ĳ޻۵Ѿ졣
ĩշ᧿Σ˫ĺǼʹˣһ˾ͺѡֲͬǲݵľ档
꣬˭Ӯͯʵ
֪ɴҡͷ
ȻֻѪӮȻΪİѪҲޣȴǸӵس޽̻᣺̻Ѿʧȥ˹ǵʵѾӲ߳ɡ̻ûѾɱ⡣
ûȴҹͬһټ̻ĵ˵˥˥ģĩյĺڰǧ꣬Ҳ̻᳹˥䣬˵ʧǣĩղŽꡭ
޵м棬Ȼû˿֡Աһ죬Ȼһգʻū˹ǹУǹһ׹⡣
֮ì
ʻū˹ǹ
ۿ߱һȻͱХһػ
˫ǹǹ˵׹ӳʵףԵøӵʥࡣĿ¶ʥĦҾҪ
ȡʻū˹ǹ˲䣬Ħ˫۾΢΢һУ۷ֳһ˿䱸ȴûжֻûָ⣬˭Ҳ֪е˫ʲô
飡
һ̤µĿȻһȦͬһڵһسĦ˫ʻū˹ǹ˫һšʻū˹ǹͬһĦ
ĦԶʻū˹ǹŽ䱸κνξ͹һߣ˫ھԶʷв֪˶ٻأ̻Ѫһսʽо
ΪɨһߵĦ˹ȥ
顭
˿һı졣
Ħ˫չϷͬһ޴ֻ˲˺ڰ֮С
е߶΢΢üͷѪĩպڰ֮Уˮ۾ȥʱĦӰĦƺѾʧ˺ڰ֮С
е߶Ŀ˴ҪƽĦ书
ǹûȥĹѰĦټ۾
ڹڴذף·ںڰ֮ͻأһ㡣ǴȴͻȻ̤ǰһȻеʻū˹ǹб˳ȥ
ûбײڰڹͻأʧˣ·ûгֹһ㡣ָֻ˼ž
ߵĿͻȻһڰ֮ͻȻϢֳĦӰĦʵ̫ˣе߶ɵ
۾Ŀ͸¶һ˿ôˣ
ħһЦ¶˽׵ݣͻȻͬһɺһسŴ˹ȥ
ȣ
һеʻū˹ǹǹɺһǵ̹ظı˷Ʈ˴һߡеʻū˹ǹ趯
̣ɨĨ㡭
˫֮ûһαײֻǹɺһΧŴٶԽԽ죬˺ͬһƬƽ档
⡭Ǻ̻ûˣͯԵ˵
˹ٷȴҡͷûʹʻū˹ǹ
ţĿҲ˹ȥ
˵֮ìӵһʥ־ֻҪֳиǹһٶʮ߷Χڵ˽Գǹ߸ˣûֳҲòüʻū˹ǹܾܹɱĦҲʻū˹ǹѾ޷ҾȻܹóʻū˹ǹӦܹʻū˹ǹֻΪûеʱ򡣡
üëһɽĿʻū˹ǹ
Ǻǡ˰Цʵӵʻū˹ǹҲ֪ǻǸ֧ǹһмͲܹʧȥͻ
˵Ŀٴξۼڿսϡ
ʱǹɺȴʼ䵭Լһ֮ǹɺѾʧǿȴܼıײ֮𻨡
Ȼʱ˿ĦӰǴӿмĻ𻨣ܼıײǶ֪ʱĦΧŴٵţֻҪ¶һ˿īڵذ׾ͻȥ
˻
ǰпһ˺ۣѪ˳Ǵȴͬһһ㣬ϵɫûһ˿ı仯еǹԭеƵ趯š
ʻū˹ǹ趯ͬһ㣬ͬһŽ档֮ϲʱīذ״棬һ𻨡
Ȼ䣬Ǹˣһīڹâ˴ࡣĽŲһ֧īذ״̽ļ
ѵĹмۣʻū˹ǹͬһ㳯ŴǰĿд˳ȥ
īذױϵһֻһգȴذ׾ȻļؼסȻһ֮赲Ħջذףȴ赲Ħôһ˿ٶȡ


558 
ֻһ˿ٶȣʻū˹ǹͬһش˳ȥһʻū˹ǹһֳĦһǹ̴ʺ߸ߵعǹʱ򣬴һֱյ۾
һ˦Ħʬǹ˦ȥĦʬӿ׹䡣
ǹųЩ˵ķ˹Ŀһ˰ͬʾأĿسŴ˹ȥĿһ˿мڳߡ
εһη˿УȵڶʤǵǻӭİԻͯԡ
ಡ
Ӱ㳡ϿգͯԶҲûȡУǳֿȭ
˰ϵѪطһ֮ɢ˳һҰҲĿ񱩣ͬһͷصŶͯԡ
Ķ棬ͯȴԵ÷ǳɳڣɳȴǷɣǷ·ΧĴȻ
̫Ŀ΢΢һǺͯдͯȴǴûʹ̫
ѵͯ˧̫صùģ
顭
Ĵһ䣬µĿ˲ըѣͬһױƣαŶͯ˹ȥƶ켣ͬһܵǣָֻ΢צ˺ſХ
ʽĦʽȫͬڳ꿴ȫˡĦʽʮֵع죬Ǵ󿪴ϣֱ룬һֻצֱͯԵǰأƾҪһצץͯԵࡣ
ͯԶˣȻ̫һִס˶Էһȥ͸оԼһƫ˹ȥеζƫƣ¶˿šͯһĻ˹ȥƻռ䣬ƺ
ǴʱİǲΪһֻצӭͯԵơȴû뵽ͯĻͻȻһתճһһ¶͸ˡͯһתξͯԵĻ󱳺ݺݵؿ˽ȥ
顭
˰ξͷ˳ȥ
е߿öһ㶣ǲǲ֪̫ĩ֮ǰ̫Ѿȫ磬ܹ̫ˮƽҹ׺ĳ̶ȣǻûп
ЩѡָĿ΢΢һͯԾЩ֮Уȴֻг΢΢һ̾ղŶϰʽ֮Բʹɽײǻֱʹ乭վͯԶ̫Ҫһ
ڷƹ̫֮󣬶ڴƺƿѾﵽ˴ɵľ硣̫ռǽƣԷ֮ƣ֮ơͯȻûаֽ򵽻Ȼɵľ硣
ಡ
ͯԵγ˳ȥһʽ׺ᣬż˰ʺ
ʱǰʹѣֻѪһǿ쳣ȻͯԵĿɽײײʹȴûˣͷų׺Ŀ⡣˫趯˺ѿһܼļХкͯԼһ
˫¶һ˿֮ɫΪ̫ͯԼд֮ʱʽԼдʱͯԵʽҲǴ󿪴ϣȫ߸͵·ӣôʹ̫
ֿһˡ̫治ͯԵ־ֻܹ̫̽ܰãʵһ֡
ѾˣʱͯѾʼ·硣
顭
ռһ죬ͯԵʽȻһ䣬ô󿪴ϣ
һ֮ļͱøӺÿ˶Ǵ󿪴ϣߵǸ͵·ӣƹƹҡشòйۿߴ񫣬Ѫڡ
شǰ
΢΢̾Ϣһȭ׳
ҲͷЩشǰʱѾˡͯԵʮ꣬ԲͯԵĶ֣ͯѾʮܹͯͻƵ񾳽磬˵ʶᷢ仯ʮ佫ڳ⡣ȴֻ˧˧۷壬ȴҲͬȼ˵Ķ֡
Ȼ˫ڿֽ˼غϣһצͯԵǰأͯǰصļ˺ȥһ飬¶˹ͷ
ͯԵˣں漱׷ͯѾˣҳѾͯԵԪݽߣ£׷ϣĻᱻ˫צ˺ѡ
ͯҲʶΣգԼǱӵ˼£μطɳ˾ķΧͯԵγ˾ķΧһ٣ͣ˹ıԵ
ͯԳŰǿһ֣Ȼα·ȥ̱л߽Ӧͯȥ˻ڵǶ¥еһ㣬ơ
һӣųʹǱ߷˹ȥͰĿڿײȻ໥һͷȥ
μһڿ𣺡ʤǻӭԶıʲƷŷ˵񡣡
˵Ŀⶼ㳡ϿյͱʲƷϡֻǵվȴ¶һ֮ıʲƷȴͬһֻѩԭܣɢź޵Ϣ
˵ʡ΢΢üͷתͷŷ˵ͳʲô
֪ŷͳҡҡͷͻȻðһ㣬ŷе˧ߡ
ʵôĬĬţĿ
ʲƷɫг˾衣ԥȡԼս˫֮䡣
ʹʲôʵ
ŷͳ΢΢ҡͷڻŷ˧ߵĹдûʹ


559 һɪ
仰һڣǿͻҲĿ΢΢һֿܹȭֱֳŷ˧ߣֻܹ֤һ£ǾʵսѾԶԶԽ˧ߵˮƽ¾һҲδĶ֡
Ȼ䣬شǰЩĿⶼһΪǿȡ˱һɻƽбʯһˮ
ǡ֮ĴȻ۾
֮Īеĳ
֮Ҳ˰Ҳһص˵
ʢٶһƬž֮Уĩ֮ǰȻޣǸŷ޵Ӱ졣ԭӢֳأս֮ȻȴһûʷĹҡʷ񻰵Ӱܶ඼ȡŷޣô֪֮֮ܲ
ҵֽɪ
񵭵˵һס֮ϵ֮㲻ϵһַݵơ
Ŀ˸һ۾ͿһжǱģѿڶý
ȻǺý΢΢³һӵʻū˹ǹĴڼ֮֮Ҳһ˿š
֮ڴ˵һħʥĪܡ
Ҳ³һҲûҵʣ򡭡
ôˣ겻ʵ
˵֮Ľ߽Ѫ
ɪɪ
ʢĻеĹڶڷػš˵ȼѡɫЩѿشĻͣĹͳĿ˸
ɪѹ
ȡ
ʲƷеѹɪϵԽԽ֪ԼˡȥԼֵʧȥˡ
ߺһ˫־սɪ˹ȥ
ɪ˫֮ǰűʲƷ˹ȥʱʲƷɪʮ׵ľ룬ȴ֮ڱһâͬն˼ıʲƷ
ۡ
³˱ʲƷ壬ʲƷ廹ǰȥɪȴ֮ȥڼıʲƷ򣬽ֱֻչͬһټĳ
顭
ڱʲƷɪҵʱͻȻ룬廹ǰȥ׶࣬ˤȥ
䡭
ʢٷˡ
ɪɪò˥
شǰӶֱͦһ¡ͬʱ뵽ɪںɨŷ޵ʱһֱûʹ֮ĵһսʹ֮
Ϊʲô
ѵҪ̨ɪĻع飿
̨ϣͰɫʮأ˼ɵ֮ɫĿͶâ
Ǿħʥ
ಡ
ɪڿзӶ̨ϵĳ꣬Ͱ˹ȥĿɨˣĿڳϡֱӺ˴ͰΪʮڽ̻ᣬ壬շǳûκαֻǳһ硣
꣬ԸΪҵʿ𣿡
ؿһۣһЦĿת˹ȥɪҲǵһЦߵһ߲
ɪʤһǻӭ˹ĺصӣ
˹ģ˹ġ
Ͼֻ˲˹ĵĻû˻ӵĻ˹ľ˫·Ĺڴкһ»͸ӵǿˡ
ƣ
һֽƣ˹Ľ˹ڵƣǵضƣսһѹȥԷֻһ˿ֵȼĶսУҲ
Ŀⲻɵĵӣȴ΢΢ֶûܵ˿Ӱ졣
˹ٷڷֱۣת˹ӣĿⲻһΪʱŷֶ΢·˯һ㡣
˹һһ壬αһڵһߵسȥȻڿһתͷ½һȭӡ
΢ֻȻһʽٻԭſлȭͷ
顭
ӵ˿˹ĵȴͬһײǽϱȻ˳ȥڿз˹ĸоֱ۵ķ飬·ӵĿû˿η壬ֻǶ˼ŭرʢٴʱѻȸоŭ
ֹͣ˷˹ĵڿУұ۽ػָֻ֪ȭͷǰһ
ꡭ
֮侹Ȼ⡣
ȡ
˹ٴδһұ۾
ꡭ
˹ĵֱ۵ܶ·Ӹ
˵Ŀⶼһ·ӣҪӾӦһСĿȴڸµ˹ģ𶯣û뵽˹ľȻǺһߣһǵܡ
·΢۾һʽٻԭŸӭ˹ȥֻȭͷϱһȦɫĹâ
顭
ֻȭͷٴκݺݵײһ˹ĵһα˳ȥֱϵĵⱻһȭɢ
˹ĵδӿ£ڸ߿ոӣӵĶʮ⡣ӵĿҲû֮ɫ¶˽䱸
˹³һ
ꡭһ³Ȼ³һϸС׵硣
˹˹Ļؽұ̧һӴԪռȡһ󴸡
񴸣εɪĿһ˵
ꡭ
˹Ľ񴸸߾ٹһױٻӿд䣬Ӻ˹ȥ


560 
ӵڶˣ˫۾ȴ΢΢ŵģֻһ͵˹ĵǰ
Ŀһسɴ磡
ꡭ
ǵ䵽˿մһָٵصû˹ķӦһָѾͣ˹ĵʺ˹ܹоǸָϬֻҪʱԼҶһ£Ǹָԥشʺ
񴸣ѵض˶Сؿڵ䣡
ӵȻˣųĸڵ̨ȥ
㣬ʤεһ𣺡սеڶֱ䣡λʤߡ
꣬ӵ뿪ƽ̨ڿС
ɪɪ
·ɽĻһ˫˫ȵ۾ɪѾЩߵϥء
ɪ¶еЦݣеЦȴߵϡλ·ȥӭ˸ҵĻ
ɫ΢䣬βμӱǼ縺̻Σûо˭ǹھɪȴѾӮ˵ӵ
ȭͷ߬¶Ųҡȴһģ΢΢굹һܺĿıӰ
ʱӰѾ䵽˾ң
ɪһ굥ϥɪĽ£ͷ˫Ŀεͷſȣҽвά
άֳ˲õЦݣܺãҵʿʼعˣ
ԸΪЧͣ˵
¶һ˿Ц⣬޵ĵܹܵһޣԼҲͷˡ

꣬ɣأ·˹Χɵؽ̸š
ӳǹҵǸӺ·˹ƺζһ
ţͷ⻹ûе£
˵ɫһ㶡԰˹Ŀó񴸣ȴʼûóУֻƾһָƷ˹ġ
ӳһа˵
Ҳ΢Ц˵
صͷǸ̻Ĵûʻū˹ǹܡ
ɪҲû֮ܡ
Ǹ˰ҲûʹУ
ӳҲûʹа
ǲΪԷҲûʹ
꣬أ·˹
꣬غ·˹໽תͷȥһģɪһ΢Ц˹
վصҲվ
ǳŲһкȻźͷ⣬֮ȻзΪͲ˿ȡ
ʱձһЩ仯ɢһֵ֮˳֮˶һ˿
֮꣬ǰ飬㿼ǵΣһֱûпڣֻ΢Цʱһڣȴֱųȥ˲֪Գʲôɾ㶼Ŀ˳ꡣ
¶˲õ΢Цδڣȴһ𣺡°ɣ
תͷȥ߹
Ȼ⣡վҾ㶼վ໥ʩ֮ٴ
Ŀ¶ʿЦݵڴȵʱܸ˳꣬ǸЦ
ûֻɢǿţһӾ˼ĿϵҲɢ˳΢΢ҡҡͷϵ͸Ʊ档
ǣ˾Щܲˡǿ£һһϢĸо
ʩǿ̸̸𣿡
һӰųһ˲͵˳ߡ꼱æվ֮ã
΢΢ͷĿɨΧˡʱΧѾˣҪټһӶܡɿЦһվӳҵǱȥ
Ҳȥ
أ·˹ҲվԱߵһ˹ȥʩʩȻ£޷ԶƵ档
顭
һŲ˰ߵӸǰҲһƨȥֻ˲޹ڿоײƫƫϵıеĿȶûһ˿
ʵͻ֮ɪ˵ڴȵĵһԼɪݣҪ齨Լʿţֵȵķɡ
ҲͬˣʤΪӭع˽̻ᣬ˳еΡ
־һǲģĩսٲһ飬￴ȥѾڵҼеˡ
Ǹʲôģ
ģԴ
ʵעܹΪ˵׷ߣοżеѾ䡣
˰Ҳˣı˻ҪǿңһֱӣҪͨĩĴʱı뷨ǰֻ̨֪ľ
˶еһܣͬǵĿҲǴܾ߳һһҪײ𻨡
ȻӺͰǰǴȴûȥһֻۣǽĿΣյǶвˡ
ûзһ̻һֱѹĴص岻֪ġȻأȴû˵Ӵ
˵ǶԶҲصĴ˵ȴû˵Ӵڳ꣬ȻŸ磬ǱϾһţǲɪʿźͽ̻ȵġ
ԣֻڶ˹ھ֮󣬵Ǹһ̻ۼһ˿ֲһδ


561 VS
ûбҪȥע꣬ӺͰˣעֻɪʳˡڴȵʱܸ˳꣬ǸЦ仰شĲԣǿҵš
оӣһ˿ŭ⡣ϵЦȴĲãת˳꣬е˵꣬ͶĻɣֻܹ
Աֱӷһۣɫû˿ı仯ɱ΢Цֻ̬ǲҡͷҲͷ·ûĻһ㡣
ʵʱҲʮֲãʿţ̻᣿ʲô
ֻǳΪһжҪʵΪͺã֮˰ɣתͷӣڴ˵еҲʮֺ棬ʵ֪кָ̣
΢΢۾ųҪĸ
﷭һۣôЩ˶ԼģҪ˸ǣôûˣ
ɴ಻ȥǽͷת˰¶һѯʵ˼ʮ㲻ҲҪҸɣ
Ҫ˵ľ˰ȻԼʵʮţǶ׷ȴÿǳ˳¶һ˿ѿЦݵϣ͸ܹΪѣ
״˻Ӧ˿ȱһơ¶ϵЦݡ˵仰֮ǰͲӦӦȻ¶˿ĵЦݣ˿ȱ
˫ЭˣһĿͶڳϡ국һЦЩˣ̤̤ʵʵط˼ú׼յľɣ
⻰˵úܲһ֪ܹȡʲôΣԺˣ
Լܹõһʱ仰һƣҲЩ˼Ͼ˵ҲΪһҪʵ˵ġ˴ʱٿˣ˼ȥˣòĸ֮󣬱뿪˳ӡ
һߣأ·˹ɱ㷵ųʵӳĸ˺ǿ
귭һۣǲǷϻʵǿܹǿ
ӳа𣿡Ҳʵ
ЦЦʵ˵֪
Ҫ˵ӳֱþʰ˾£Ŀų˵ӳҪ֪ùھǸǳҪֻҪõһ˵ڶķչŷҲѸ͵طչ
ӳþɣ˵Ҿ壬硣
ţؿ˿һۣ㲻Ҫ̳Ǽ峤֮λˣ
ؿЦһʵǾһΣֻҲԸ
̧ĿصļʵҾõһ糤Ҫ㵱ּǰ;Ķࡣ
ҲΪصɫԵؿ
ţȽļӴȻȥһʱ䡣
ص۾֪źܶศ豸ܹߵΪٵ
꽫Ŀת·˹ʲô㣿
·˹ֳͬ˿ɬʵҵ״ͿһֻڼĵλһЩҪ̳м֮λľһΡˣɡ
·˹ɫÿʣӳҼ븴һʲôλӣ
һµѡڻдɸŷ︺пظ𡣶ڻз糤λӶѾûˡԵһ·ѡŷ˵һз糤ڶ·ȥ磬ôǶ糤
·˹ûпǣ˵ȥҪȥһʱ䡣
û⣡¶˲õЦݡ
ڶ졣
硣
ϵ΢΢һЩڶֱ俪ʼˣʢٸĻ㳡ϾˣڵȴŴȵĿʼ
ʣµմȵĹҪ̭һˡȻʣĸ׽ɱ̭Ĺǳǩ
һǩ򡣳а˱һʤ£̭
ʱ꣬Ӷվһ¥̨ϡȴųǩĿʼ
һӰɵ˿Уоһӣ˹֮󣬱㿪ʼ˳ǩʽ
ʢٶǾĵģе˶ڵȴ鵽ѡֳ֡
˳ǳһǩӯش̨Ϸ𣬷ɵ㳡Ͽգûþǩ򿴵뵽棬ȡһ߸߾

һ̨̤ȥĶ˹̨֮ϣתͷ˴ʱҲеǩ

η˻η˳ȥֽ뵽ڣץһǩ

ޡ·һ
ɫû˿ı仯Ƿ鵽Ҫ嵽һҪԸ֡սսս
鵽˰İ㲻ٷ̨εߣȴŵڶѡ֡
η˳ȥεĸǰӣȻ˳˿С

һ²ٳˣһǰӡ
ӵδ̨Ϸ˳ȥ˰Ķ棬΢΢šѾ˳ȥռֻԶ
˶໥ʵȻÿ˶û¶ȫʵȴһŵĹơ
ӷǳؼɵʵǰڵ˶ӶǳؼɵһûУֻƾһָͻֵܶôܲ˼ɵ
ԣ̾ȡ˱Уһצ֪ʲôɣͨѪ죬ҸѪȵϢ


562 ʥ־
һģҲ΢ţðǳŭԶԷڿ¶׺Ŀ⡣ܿסԼҪߵһƽ
֪ԼԵһʲôֲߣܹףܹһָһлֵͬߡ
ɲһӳȥ˫һצһ֧ڳƣһ֧ڳصƣһһȥÿһһϵϢһ֣˫֮еһצѪʼڣѪ֮ⲿӡ
񱩵Ŷɽһӿ˹ȥ΢ûȥһۡ
ǴʱѾߵӵĸǰҲ۷壬˲ֵܲĵزȻƵģһ˿η壬ֵצǻ˳ȥֻеצɰһصơ
۲̧һȴñܹ˰һצצͣٴ˺Ѷȥ
һٶǡñܹ˰Ĺ
顭
һ򱬿еצͬһ˺Ѷȥֻеצȴ˿ƶҹȥʼձŷơ
ӡʮӡһӡ
һӵʱڣͣعȴֻܡǿȵĹһӵʱðٶȽȻֻһ˿ĽͣȴӵȻͣ
ã
̸опһָʺ˹צһֱŷصƣֻһѾʺ
ǡ
˲۾͵ɴˣͷ亹һָʱüģܹоǸָָһâ£ֻҪԷԸ⣬״̴ͷǡ
ǡˣѵ˵
ջָƮˣȻ˳ڵ̨
һצһۣ̾ϢһһȥʱѾûʸڳڵ̨֮ϡ
һη˿УʼĹֻʣ˳꣬ĸˡ
ԣǳǩһ飬ÿʤ߽ھ
һȥǩɵĳ꣬һӱεǰץһǩȻ

˵һߣ˹ץһǩ
򣡡
ҲٳˣһˣҲվ̨֮ϲˣųʹ˾ʤ
ηȥʹȥȻԶ
ʱѾԳ겻˿ӣǰΪֻӵų־ۿʹڵıԣԳѾһȫµʶ
±ȡʻū˹ǹУҲдһȡսС
һƬžǳһУսһУϱ㱬ŰɱԴĩսһսԶ磬ִŵҰսĴսһͷųɱӵŶ־Ч
һƬžʱڶ߲ŷֳĿֲһֱΪӵʻū˹ǹ֮˲չھߣǸصҲ߱ھڲŷ֣ܹ뵽ǿôߡ
һӣߵ¶ӵʻū˹ǹĽ̻Ը糤꣬ⷬһʡ
СӺصɱųĿ˸Сٸʮʱ䣬˵͸ˡ
ûȴƲƲ죬аʮ꣬ھͲĶ֡
㳡Ͽա
ɱŶĴڶȥǹһšαų껬˹ȥǹһǰɱ㱻һǹ飬ǹһ㺮â˳ꡣ
ԶԷ˫ֽսڿлһͬһߵ˳ȥ
ϡ
һ׼ڴǹϣײҫĿĻ𻨡
ĿһоǿҲ꣬ǹתͬһһ㣬žžžشſ󿪴ϣųͬ籩һع˹
˲ƮȻôסһսҲҽǣ޼Ѱ·һƬڿƮȴǲͣŴ¶һ˿˿϶֮͸
һһһӵʱܿȥǹսһţź͹ŵĦһĻ𻨺һܼĽײ
ಡ
ͻȻŸ߿մ˳ȥֳʻū˹ǹŲĳ꣬ϵսֱųΡ
ڿһ·еս˿εĿΣԵĿͬһ㱻Х
Ȼֻʻū˹ǹ˫ֹǽΪӵӵͻ˫ųΡ
ĿȻһҰгȻ˿

Ǳѿѳ꣬ͷ·һȻ紵ɢƬһ㣬Ŵ˹
ȣ
ʱĴͷֲĸӰǳ꣬ĸоǸͲǳ꣬һƬƬƣ·ƺ֮УʧȥУʧȥʶΨнʻū˹ǹһţԼλ档
ܼХȻֳֹͣ˵Σһǳ꣬һǴֻǴʱĴǰغͺ󱳴·ѾӣӴѪ
ž
˫Ŀ·ȼճ磬ڿһ壬µĿȻը죬Ƽʻū˹ǹһšʻū˹ǹڵʥ־αŶĳ˹ȥ
ˡ


563 ֮
ʻū˹ǹŹһųײһ˳ʶ
ʶ˲Σ˲γһתǵ˳ȥвһ̾
һھ˾һ˾ȻһֱûϾȴҲΥĳԣвЩꡣһ̷꣬ƵеսһƬХһһһһһһ˲һŴĻ˹ȥ
䡭
ε˳ȥֻʻū˹ǹâɢ
ۡ
һѪɫò԰ףֳãȻΪѾоԼʥ־ʻū˹ǹʧˣһɢˡ
ʻū˹ǹ̲صʥ־ԭѾʧʣ޼ϳڷһǾͱˣʻū˹ǹڵʥ־׵ظɢˡ
ԴĴ̫ˣǶԽ̻һȷӣʥ־ɢΪ˽̻ᡭ
һʱ֮䣬Ļ˫ĿãȻ
ĺⶥʺãȻ񽥽ػָ˲ʹ಻촽䶯һ£ȴû˵ʲôֻȴǳ˰ˣЩ
һ㶣˲˼΢΢̾ϢһЩ̻֯Ŀܲ⣬һ߾ҪԽԽ£˲£Ŭ´ӮˣΪʲôҪĻ
սź󷽵Ŀзˣ̨ȥųȥӰͷ˿еʻū˹ǹɫҰǹһȥ˲ʧںڰ֮С
һ㣬Ըĳʤεһ𣺡ǻӭɪӣ
̨֮ϣûȥӣӾ͸ȥˣһֱǴŵġӰ̨Ϸ㳡Ͽշȥ
شǰ
͡һû뵽꾹Ȼʻū˹ǹڵʥ־ɢˣ̻Ӧ˳ʷ̨ˡ
ɫһʵɫΪ̻Ĵˣĸ˭Ӯˣ鶼á
ٰߴȵĿģԭҪǿٴγΪ䡣ڴ˹Ҳܴ󣬱Ͼһϵ˧۷壬ȴû뵽صӻܡ
ʣµĸ˿ɾûˣȻҲûҵˡǸ磬ǽ̻ᣬʿţӴء
ʵĸ˲Ҳûʲô˲ֻҪĸǶһ˾ͺáƫƫĸ˲ǣÿ˵󶼴һ
Ľ̻ٹ̣Ӵ˹ھ̻Իƶ𣬳Ϊȫ䣬Ͳʲô¶
ԲʿѾʧ˺ܾãӰԶӰϾԲڽ̻ᡣֻҪɪĺ䶯ͿȾͿ֤һ㡣ɪɹ˵һɪߺܿͻΧһʿָɪԲʿĻԻ͡һδҲûʲôϵˡ
ǿɵģΪž̵ֻأ׽绹ûʲôҲΪأ˭Ҳ֪ùھ֮󣬻ʲôЧҲǼɵ
ĸ˵Զĸмɵľǳꡣĸÿѡһھɻѡꡣ
ǡ
ܹõھ
ţոսʤ˽̻ĴΪڳ껹ǱȽ˽ģǰһξߣΪ˧ߣҲһûôĵ̣ǲܹɪֵȵģҲܹ֮صȵġ
ʱ㳡֮ϣɪѾ
֮ʽɺ֮ǰ·ڹڶν׷ӵ󣬶΢ŲţѰһ˲
ֻǼңξȻ˳ȥӵûͣԭأһΡ
Ǹֳһ˿Це֮նһһһȴǱ࣬ΪһĽٶȱ֮ǰ̫ࡣ

ǲǽ⣬һһطУ֮ħʥķСǷеٶͬһ㣬Ȼ˹ȥһֻȴնһء
ಡ
д󽣷ɿնһ裬ؽӵαƿӺͶԷ룬ķҲؽΧƣһ˾룬ƸӵΣգֻʣ¶ˣȫû˹Ŀܡ
ӵ۾ˣָһбһǰһ

һһնһâһâ˸貵Ĺâǰķն飬նһͨ
һ˹ȥ
ԭسɴһĸǰȴΪƵܼд󽣣һֳܼ֮ͨУӾȻܹǰֺ
ĿӺɨţüͷ΢΢ܹԪ𵴣ÿһԪȴˣؿǰ֮ĽǶһֱʯǼȲʯҲ飬䣬һûмıʯ
ǱʯгһÿһƷУǱʯһ˿Ҳ˵âõڵԪķĽϱʯڵ


564 սǰ
һûİ취Ǿ䶨ˡԪȴû˿ģӮ֪
Ȼ˫һСʱңӵ޽ѾҲΣûƽİ취ϵֹ˱˵һ䣡֮ڿһʧټ
˾ʣ˳˱ᰲ졣국ؿһܻԶȥ
Ǽ俧ݡ
ǳ꣬ɣأ·˹Χ
ûǰţûûҲûɪҲû
꣬û뵽ǿҲܣ˵
ǰǿɪܹͷųУܹնϬĽâҲһ˵
Ŀɨǰˣ֪ûԼľǸоǱ֮ܡǰҲû뵽ƽǱûֻ˼
þȻû⣬ǳ겻룬˿òʵװȴòߵ
꣬аսʤ𣿡·˹ʵ
ҡҡͷ֪û
Χһÿ˵ж¶ʧ꿴ϵɫȻʧЦսʤѣѵսʤǰ֮
ʲô𣿡˾һ㶡
һ˿мնĽâʵΪķȴ޹أֻǰѽйء
˵ǰѽйŹ֣·˹𾪵ʵ
ͷ֮
ǡ뵽Ӧ֮˶˽֮
껺ҡͷվȥ
ӳվλ
Ҫˣųʧſڵķ˵ӳҲ뵽ʲô
һʱ֮䣬˶ʧȥ˵Ȥ
߳˿ݣ·ƽҹ֮ӳһƬͨ˳ŽֵߣԺԼ似ȴûһܹӦǰ֮ʹþȻʹĿҲԣǳĲô

ʹ³һȻԶȥںڰ˲ʧټ
ˡ
ںڰĸ߿֮УʹóУٶѾԶԶس٣ϵ·ʼѷ죬΢΢üͷͨССң
һƬҺ˲γһס
ಡ
ٶȴﵽ˹٣ڿзС֪˶ãеķȫʧ˿ڿС
·ȥһƬ󡣳һۣͷѰ˼һ£оӦǴ
·ȥһ޼ʵм䣬ܺˮӿȻ
ں֮ĿĵطţȻоһקϿշȥذһǰȥ
һ߷һ·ȥܿͿһչǰмֱ̫׳ˣзԲڸ߿ҲоǸе
еϷ·ǸУˮ֮ʱԶ޳֮ˮ֮⣬ڻƺӰߵõ˽һڴȴˮ֮һοֳиͲںܹģҲֻںܹ
ִȻ𺳲ֱӽˮ֮ԶڳļʣҰнʧһУֻУҲ仺䣬ⳬе
ǳµҲڲһӵʱ䵽˺棬ؽŲӽģȻ³ͷҲˮû
ɫս¶΢⣬ʱǸеתзɿš
䡭
·ը죬Ǹз˱仯תٶȻӿ죬֮˸һĹâ
н··ʲôоţһԲĴȻſתųȥеĵײ۾ֳսš
䡭
кȻѣӿ£ڿУսб࣬۾ʪ͸Լ

Ȼ䣬۾׷Цˮ֮ľ裬ˮռһʽ
ಡ
δ˸߿գһ£һ·˿ףŻʢٷȥ
ʢ١
㳡Ѿ˹ڣʱſеȴվĵʱڹ㳡ĶѾۼǧǿߣǵǰһģдţɪʿţ
̶̵ֻʱѾǧ˾ۼΧһĿȵصȴɪĳ֡άվ֮£ͬһҳϵ
һشǰ̻ɳϣֱվѾɥ˫֮³˼㡣
վһ¥̨֮ϣ˫۱ǰĿ¶һ˿ڴڴе˶ڴһսһصӴʱҲ΢վһ̨֮ϣ˫Ŀʱ˸
ʦ֣Եһʿʵó˭ʤ
ѻʤӵ˵

еǱ֮
ǱѵǱ֮ص˪һƷ
͡Цһ˪Ͳһ֮Сֻ֮ô
һشǰ
ͣĹͳҲɳϣ˵ɫƽֻʵ̫һЩÿƺԸ˵


565 VS
ɪĳ˶ЩͷۣͱΪκһЧҪΪȫ䡣ƱҪ;ҵײ
ѣƴ޴ıɪ·ʽעᣬǻԱķʽɨǰ·ϵһ谭
ͻңΣվѾеӦʮѣңɾ;Զˡ
ǵóùھĸŵʽֵģôҵĻ˵ǱȽķʽ֣ңúãΪ
ǡ
Ӯ
ɪɪ
ͻȻĻгһӰɪڿлطɹɽ˺Ĺۻ
ӰĻе˾ڿռ䣬ŵЦݣδʱҲɵ˿УĿɨӣѰųꡣ
ʱڷɿţʼʱԽԽˣǳټȫޡ΢΢üͷϵɫȴû˿ı仯ɹŵ΢Ц
ķĹڿʼһ֣ܿһƬ
Ǹ겻˰ɣ
ĶֿɪҲ
ǰ֪Уֺαس裡
ųվҲܹ

ɵüͷתͷſؼ˵˭ӳ𣿡
ûУԴӶӳ뿪ݾҲûм
ɵֳ˽ǣӳȥ
Ȼǲų겻ҳսǳʧˣʱʱѾˡ
ಡ
ںɫĿзɹϵĿٴλҺŽŲһ˫ЬķеٶȽѾ˻ʢ٣ʱ仹ü
ʼʱ仹һӡ
ʱʢٷžûǱǰļžҶڵһӹȥٲĻͻΪͬʱȫӿ磬ҳһƬ档
ಡһӰԶӶ
ˣɼ
ˣʱ˵жˣʮĿ˿еĳꡣ
Ӱڿһ٣Ȼ·£ɪĶ档
μ굽˾ʼȻ˵㳡һ¥̨֮ϡ
´ųֳ꣬һ˿죬ɿʵǱ
ͷһԼϵ·ϵ·ȷʵǱ˺˺ܶദһжֵõģ¶˲õЦݵһЩ򣡡
Ŷֳ֮ɫܷҼʶһ¡
ȻϵЦݸӵزãоΪ׼ģ
䣬һһսͳڳСϲõЦݣȻ͸¶ŵЦݣȴ䱸࣬һ֮С
顭
һ̤α㳯Ŷɪ˹ȥ
ӵ֮Ȼͳźȥͬʱ˫֮һųȥһ°ķײĳϬ
һն
ն˷Уս𣬳ն˳ȥͬʱͬһ˹ȥڿһһȥͬʱܼ֮ųնһų겻ͣ
С
βϵصţɿ׷š˫еĵڼնֻǲӵʱоͳķкͺĵâ
пֵĻһΪȫռϷ磬׷ʹ򡣵ۿĶߣҲһÿﶼʮڲ֮ءǺͳ룬꿿Ļᣬ֮ȴһһնܼķԶ̹ųֻ꣬ҪڵԪã֮ʱ
ǣû뵽һ㣬һһķɿն쾡ǵâҰĵâͷ·޾һ㣬һ˵һˣûӲͷųķУһл顣
Ȼ䣬ڿһ٣Ϸеսͬһſнâӿڿת
ɪֻһɴӿ·קҰУһƬĵâγһУ˾޴ڿеķͬһǸкȥֻ˲ͱǸнʵ÷顣
ҡ
Ǹлڲͣչ޴ͬһֻεĴץ񣬽еȥ
ʱò԰ף˫֮ųնȥо֮ӶĲӰܼķкХȥǣһģЩжн飬ѾʮֽӽǸС
ųȥҪУǹʵ̫ˣȻѲãֻܹ΢һٶȣȴųнȥ
ˣ
ν־ǲ֮֮ΪʱѾֵķΧ֮ڣ˽ľѾʧȥЧ
˵ˡ
Ѿ˳еַΧԹԵͷŷУǵâγɵоܹʵ÷顣
ԣʱѾҽֻܹ

Ƿ赲âʵ塣
ϡ
֮ͳսһײһ漴ǲϵײܼˣ֮⹦ȫʧȥҲòʼתȫԪͳӲƴ


566 ʮͻȻ
ˣ૵˵
ˣͲסеļ˵
ꡭ̻ʵĿ³֣㲻ֻ˫Ŀ֮гΡĿһȻ˹ˣԽ̻Ҳû˿ôӵиĳͬ¡
ˣһ䣬תȥ
ˣشǰ໥һۣĿж¶һ˿ɡ
ϡ
һһܼײš
Ǳ
ȻͷųǱâʢ޴ֱ۷顣
ϡ
Ǳ֮ĵߴεཻ֮з˳ȥ޾ĵâһصʺĿȻʧɫ
һδӿлһѽסڿз֮ͷһе֮ǰһ˿мૣһƷħ
һ̡
Ѿ˳ǰһ˳ꡣ
һóĩ֮ǰʱֵĵһ⣬˲ٴαǱһն֮

ս֮ײһն֮Ľϡ

еսˣоԼͷ·һѲһʻĻͷϣǵˣҲõ˳ȥ
ۡ
һѪڿзţոմӿȶΣǸѾ嵽˳ǰȴûʹеĽһȭų˹кȵһȭ
ֱӵǳ֮޴ŴӳȭͷкХȭͷĿռ䶼˼ȵŤ
䡭
һ죬ֱӽʵ͵˹ȥͬһڵһط˳ȥݺݵײһ¥ǽϣǽײһˤ¥ڡ
ಡ
ͻ͵˶˳ΪǿΪߣһѾǸ˵ǰץ˹ȥ
ȻԷܹһȭܳ꣬ǻûзϡǣĴּҪץס˵Ĳ֮ʱǸͻȻʧˣһվǰĴ֣һָĵ˹
Ŀһɨ弶ĿӦ죬˲ץΪȭ˳ȥ
һȭݺݵغڶԷǸָϣ¶ԷһֽҲŻᱻԼһм
ϡ
һײĺ弶ĿȻ˳ȥԷָеֹǾȻѣ𾪵ŶԷһʱ֮䶼Լֱ۵ʹ
㣡
һӿд˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥǲǱˣǸոմ˧۷ͻƵһϡ
ͻȻָ֣鿭ֹǵȴǵڰĽֹǸˣǸ˵ĿɨϣһƬ΢
ջĿ⣬תȥ߽źͳսǸ꣬лǸ국ʦߵ˻
ʵˮƽθոպã԰ߵһ
顭
һӰӴ¥Ŀ˳ұ۲ܿƵһࡣٵ˳ȥȴѾʧȥ˵ټ
ϣ
˵һ¥˹ȥѾشһȥͺĹͳ˺档ĬĬظڼ˵
ǰĿȻͣ˽Ųתͷһ۳꣬˵ȥ˰ɣ
üë΢΢壬漴չ˵ʸ֪ࡣ
ʸ񣿡һ˿мƾ˧ڵʵ𣿡
ѾϺһ㡱֤һˡԼܺߣǸ糤ʱų֪鷶Χ֮⣬һӣӵĲи硣
ʱˣԺҪҵķչƱػҺѹشѹ
Գ겻ˣҲˡ
Ҫ֮ǰǸ͵Ϯ̫죬Ϊûʹþڴ벻ʱ֮±ԷˡҪþʱ򣬶ԷѾʧˡԳҲһĻɫһҵʵܲ𣿡
ɫһ㶣ȫû뵽ᶥײʵҪǰ룬Ҳ˶Զⲻ˼һָ͵ⲻҲߵ涪⼤ڱһײ͸ӵʧ

һһȭųҼ˹ȥ⻹飬ֻҪѵһԲֻǺļ
ಡ
һɽӭſȭͷײ˹ȥҲǳ꿴ֻǻԼļ򣬶֮࣬Ĺؼ֣Ҳû÷ɽĽУýſȭͷײ˹ȥ
ֻɲǼ飬ȭͷͳķɽײһ
ϡꡭ
ȭָǱײѣηǽײ˹ȥ
Χļ񶼾ųֻ꣬лЦеվڳʵ̫˽ˡ
ľѾ൱弶ȴȭͷȥײķɽⲻŰʲô
⻹ǳ飬÷ɽеĻһֻȭͷᱻ
֪ʵǲʸ񣿡ȻſҲãͻȻˣȻԼҪʱ򣬶ԷȻʧˡóʮܡ
㡭ų꣬ɫ˲Ǻ졣
ʱ򿪿ˡʱҲֻˬģܹԼһӵ϶ڳгԱ벻ˬС֪֣ܹŪˣæ͵ľѾ൱


567 
ʲô
е˶ˣꡭ˵ǵϵһ֣ǡμʲô˧ߴȣⲻ۸
һ۾ͿǰЩ˼㵭˵βμ˧ߴȣֻҪսߵļޣҪ߷õͻƣ
˵ɫһ漴ȵĹУûʹùһξھʵʵӮġ
ǽȥɣ˲˵˵Ȼߣһ۳꣬ҲûŽ˷䡣
뵽ڸո£һӰ˽겻֪˭ļ˿ɶ֪ǽ̻ʡ̻ʼҲ棬ɫ΢䣬ܿͻָƽһϡ
ϣ˭ʱ򿭶Ѿָƽ
ǵڰĽֵǸˡֻǡûϽüͷ˵
˵ֻܹ֤ʵ
ٴλָ˼ž죬˵ôΪ
ɫʮѿֻҪǸµǾ仰ܹƶϳ
˵ɫһ䣬ǳҲ⡣ʱѾǸµĻʵˮƽθոպã԰ߵһ
磿СʵһβμĻ飬˵ǳ˽飬Ȼȥ磬ȴûдԽ޾ɭ֡
͵ͷǱߵѾע˺ܾãҲɳӢǰϵʧˡ
ղ˺ȫһ𣿡
Ӧǣ͵ĿͻȻһֻ۾ƺ΢
ĿҲһɫ԰˼̻֡ʺĹͳҲ¶˾ݡõһЩʷǰż˵Ǹ˵۾΢һȷǸߵʵ
ͫ
ֱڵ޵еĴڣûܹԼûκܹԼ
Ҳ
аϵĿܹһɣ
ã̻ʵɫȻò԰ףҪǵӵ
˵һӱñֱֻβһɺ˳ż׵ͷӣ˲ͷƤһ顣
꣬㽻ֵǸꡭʲôоʵ
˼һӦñ΢һף˧۷塣ʮִ󡣡
˵ҡҡͷҲܹ˵󣬶Ԫʮ־ҲĶ֡
˧߹ھһˣѵĻ
ÿһ˵Ŀж͸¶ŭʣꡭ
صԼķʮֳءѹϣ͸Լ˵ұۣȻþֱڵĹͷλ֮һƬ֮Ļּ꣬һЩ֭֮ҺͿֱϣȻҲûϴ˴ϡ
ڶ졣
ӴȭݺݵһգеĿ㱻˲󱬣˱ζһұۣ֪ԼѾȬ
ϴһ裬һˬ·ϳ˼˵ߴѾˣҲӦûȥˣҲӦÿʼֽˡΪ˱ʱ˻ʢ٣صҲĳƣοǻҪͨ˽˳˾ʲôˣ
ʱҲѰ˼ȴЩ飬ΪѾǷ飬Ѿˣƺڵ಻⡣ȥǷڣദҪȥƹϵǾһԸ
˼Ѿ׼ˣô겻ģľθӭͷʹǿߵ̬
ԳʱǺǸһĸܡ
һ˿ܸУԼǳ֮ȻԷˡ˵ԷԪҪԼҳһָоǾǶԷԲǴһˣҲһǶ⿡ܣĹֻǳ˲ֹ֪ǿ
ȻԼĹǿ󣬵ȴ˶ԷôҪѰԭ򡣳꽫뵽۲ŵĵǳ֮ȻŵĹ۲죬Լǳ֮ǲ˵뾫źܴһβࡣ
˼һЩȻռ䷢Ť˹ߣЩǳ֮Щ΢͸ģԭѾˣ֮ڿռƮȽһɢȻӵĲӡ
ֲӵǳ֮ӰʵȵľٸһЩҪٽһѡҪԼʵͱǹ
תǳȻ󽫾˳ȥȻĹ۲£ڿռǳ֮ʮֵزӡ

³һ˾ǳ۾ȥ˳¥һֱߵ̨֮ϣźɫա
βܹõǳ֮
һµ˫ЬҺ忪ʼܿͱһ׽档
ٶȣ
ಡ
λһ˿УԽ˹շȥ˲ʧҹ֮С
֪˶ãҲһӣҲӣҲʮӡ
ǳųӭ洹䣬ɽգɳ˿ռŤǳһγҰС
ͬһطţоΧǹƶͷһֵۣúʣһŤĹ֣һ«״ǸСԲǵ򣬶ǸԲ硣
Ǹ«ڷɿԶȥռڳǰɿţо˼άЩͣ٣ƺʱڻһ㡣


568 ʮ
֪ԼΪǽڷУԼʵܹﵽٶȣͲ˼άͣ͵ĸо
ͣһ׻Һ˫ֱһ˫ЬֻǹƬ̵ʱ䣬͸оϢ
ϥ֮תǳϢĸоʧǳ֮۶ܹۿһǹųۣһǹ֮У貶Ŀ
ǳ֮˳壬һת죬Ȼӿ˵־ǳ֮˳꼫ĳǳ֮дһַóľиһʹҳʵ֪Щǳ֮˵ľ
ȡһƬ֮Ļ̷ԪųľȻѸٵ޸ųľ
Ϊڷɿţһ˾ǳֻ֮ǽڰ߲ǳ֮һ飬õڵǳ֮þóʵͻƵ˧۷塣
⻹ֻǳתǳԵڵǳ֮һȡЧ֮󣬳дϲ̿ʼ˵ڶ
ڵǳ֮ȫ뾭֮УȻеǳ֮ʡ
һһ֡
꽫ڵǳ֮֮ͬеǳ֮һʱ򣬳õһͻƣﵽһ
ǳ
Ϊľؿеǳ֮Ҳʣʮֵؾڵ֮ϵʱ򣬳ܹڿռǳ֮øӾôҲܹǳ֮һøӾ
ǳܣܹﵽ˳̶ȣǳôֹܱѡ
ڹоͽǳǳ֮
Ȼһһֵ֮󣬳굤ڵǳ֮һõ档ڳĵڣԭѾͬһŶ쵰Сǳ֮۶ɵǺ˴ʱѾһƹСȴɢ貵Ĺâͬһǳ
֪ڵǳ֮ѾԼ浽˼£ԺҪľǲϵǳ֮Ǻ˲ϵ
۾һΧǳֳ֮ɫ˽һǳ֮ʵѾһҳʱţԼʵ˧ڣٴǸ꣬ҲһлܶԷ
ǳ֮˰ٱֹ
ͷԼµ˫Ьá⸱ףԼܹգǳ֮

µҺ忪ʼȻһס
ಡ
λһŵķȥ
ǣ֪Ѿȥʮ졣˵ʮת˲Ƕڸ˵ȴǶꡣ
ʮС
̻ͣʺĹͳ֪ʧˣʱʧ٣ǶԸ磬ȫ˵һ˿־ǵ顣رѰ֮ûѰټͷ·ͻȻ˼һ
ʱЩ˿ɶ֪˳ʵ൱ʵôϢʧˡܹɳ飬ûǸ
һôܹЩ־壿ҪʲôǱץȥˣǱɱˣ
֮ǲòܳʧٵʵеж϶Ѿˡ򲻿ղټ
ˣ˽Ŀ۽ڸϡĸкܶöŵ͵ڶżƫƫ̫˳ʱ̫ˣ͸˶ȡĻᡣ
ڸ磬ŷ˶ۺ죬̻Ҳۺ죬Ȼܸ˳꣬ʧ٣ɪͳΪ˹ھǸһ߾ۼΧԲʿʽ֮ҲԸ졣
һжǿӲؾܾˣ־·ǿҪ̲磬Ҫ뵽ӭӻŭĽ
Ÿ뿪ˣأ·˹ɶһ뿪ûȥŷ˽磬Ҳû磬·˹ȻûȥΪڳʧ٣ǿӲܾǿ֮ЩǿҲǿӲؾܾǵĹϽ硣Щ˲òŻһ뿪
һܷɻϣһΧ˶ڳĬţͻʱĲ̲磬ڵǸ类Է̲ͻ֮ĹϵѾͨ͵˳ڳʧ֮󣬸糹׵˻񣬳ΪҵһӣԻǳ
ͬʱҲǳģұϾһ壬ȴǴһңĸ֮һʧȥ֮ڹ鸽ҲǼ顣Ǹһ鸽ңҾͻδøӼѡ
Ȼ񻪹ǻһ֣ӵŵڶ͵żĸڹ鸽֮󣬿»ܿͻֿԺȼĸ֣δҶ˵ñȫƿء
ԣ΢΢üͷѰ˼ãоָ֧ѵķ㶦ܱ۶࣬ҿͨڸɫ
õǶ෽ģǹװҩ
糤̧ɿˣǻҿָ֧磬ǸӦһ
ɵоһĿ¶䱸Ż˵
ҪǸ籣Ķԣ
ɵɫһ㶣˲ͻȻˡǲҪ糹Ͷң㲻ɽĿ


569 ع
ĻҲһĸǴƲڻǰҲͬƣֻһȴ弶ʧȥ£ҲҪ򻪹ҲԸͻŪԼ̵ͷҲΪĺܣΨһҪҲҪжԣ
û⣡ɸһ
񵭵˵ֻҪֶԣǻȴֻǱ֤ڸƽҪǻҵİҪꡣ
ǵȻʹصͷֻҪ֪Ҫʲô꣡
ֳһ˿Цݵʱ
ðɣɵͷȻнĿҲЦûԵ޹ʰȻҲҪ꣬ⲻҪʱ顣
ɵ˻صǱ֮̾;ۼ˸߲㿪ᡣÿһʧȥ˳֮󶼸оѹÿһҲʶʧȥ˳֮û˿ĸ֣һһ߶ûС
ԣڻǾͶδƻһƻͣţֻĿǰԱ͹ģڶƻѡϼѵߣṩѵѵҩǱչȻɣЩҲѡ˱չأ֮С
һжǶѡʱǸ硣Ϊֻ֪ǸĿʼΣں档ĳűضỻŵչȻžͻῪʼϷָжǸʱǺ͸̸еʱ̡
ûԭ棬һ໥ɵһǻܿ϶⡣
Ҫȣ
ˣûǸôĹͿƼԽԽΣյ£ЩƼ͹Ӧ÷Ѿʧȥ˷չǰĸ磬Ӧ÷ڹң߻ҡ
ⲻΪ˸棬Ϊȫ档
ǻ뷨

ԼĹҷַֻһ棬Ǿǲӭһб
ŷȴһ˿ҵļԲʿŷѸٵطչѾŷ࿹
ҪŷһЩǽ̻ȨѪ徹ȻҲЭ飬һڰˣ뵽ȨС
ǣʵĸҶġȻԲʿźŷ˶̻ᣬڰ˺ȴ
ಡ
̨֮ϣ˿ռ䣬Ȼ˳¥ȥԼסķ䣬һţȴַǹرյġѸٵӽȥȴһ˯
û̽ȥ΢΢Ѱ˼һ£ѸٵؽԼľ׵˳ȥɵ˵涼ûзǵټȾͷĴȥһԾɳ˴ڣ˿УںڰĿзţ˳ȥ
һеĳľг֣һеľвϵ
ಡ
һθߣŸ߿շȥȻͣ˿С
ʱѾԼˣĳЩ¥ڵĵ֪Լʮ졣ʢû͸ˣѾȥˡҲ壬Ѫ̻ڰ
ƺЩˡ
ಡ
һȥؽİ׹ϿգȻһȴȥ鸡ڴǣָô
ڡ
ͳϵڴ칫󣬽üͷļľƺܲãӸʾʵѾȴҵһҡ̻ᣬڰˡ
ʱôȻתȴһվڴ⣬һɫһϾ¶ֿЦݣվŴȥ򿪵ˣ̫ˣ
ҽȥ΢Ц˵
룡룡ϵǿĵЦܵһͳ̸Σܹ֪ʧʮԭ
뵽ɳϣһŰ칫ȥһʵ軹ǿȣ
裡
ϵڰ칫ϵİťһ£Ȼصɳ¡ʱűƿϵǵ˽ͻȻһˣֳ䱸֮ɫ漴ͱ˾֮ɫ
ȻʶڳʧٵΪϵǵ
һ裬һȣϵͷҲص˵
ǣ˳ȥܿͶһһ˽طǰĲ輸ϣȻŵ˳ȥ
δȿϵǿڣȿڵͳ£ܹΪҽһ뿪ʱ䷢ƺЩ
ϵ̾һҲܻ꣬Ϲſɬʼ뿪ʱ䷢˵ûʲôΪųص֮ЩҲһ˽
ϵǵĽôҲû뵽ҳӣѵǾͲϮ𣿾ô޼ɵڶ
ô˵ҲԣϵǳųҡͷҪԿִѣƾһҵȻǲеġʽҲǲУȴѵķųǿʵܹȫѹѵķͳһȫ磬߳׽𣬻ʹȫָʹܹȫභϣԣ潲κһû˽ģһƬġȻֶβЩǵĿͬģΪս


570 VS
˼ò˵ϵ˵еĩյΣȫҪȫбͳһȫʺϵķ
ǡ
ҲһаҪͳһȫ򲢲ȻϮס
꣬ʮȥ
ҡ˼һ£ҲûбҪԼĿף˵ȥ⡣
⣿
ţǳ˿ռŤ棡񡭡
㡭ѵľѾܹﵽǸ̶ȣϵ𾪵ʵ
ǣҡͷһԵżĿףٶܹԽ١
ףżܹʶһ𣿡
ȻͷȻСС´µ˫Ь̱Һ˲һס
ϵǴ𾪵ų꣬һֱȵ꽫żʵܹ𣿡
ЦҡͷǵżΨһһ˵ҲȷӦ˵ڵΨһһԵҲôһҪһǲܡ
Ŷϵźưư죬ȻͻȻų˵ܴܲȥ⿴Һܾûпǳˣ
˵ֳһ˿롣ȴǿЦõ˵˵ͳ£ҪҪٶȡ
˵㲻ˣ´ſϵǣϵǴʱҲӦ˹Լų⣬»ûеȵȥԼΪٶȹȼˡεųЦЦ𿧷ȱһ¡
ҲûŴӿϵõѶϢϵǷ˿ȱҲ֪ų꿼Ǻ֮һ˵ҲûбҪ˼ˡ
ȻԼһ֮󣬳չüͷſϵ˵ͳ£˵ģҶΪδͲҪյˡҶţǵĽ̻ߺڰ˿ȥǻǵĸҲ
ϵǿЦ̻᲻ģϸ˵ûʲôϵŷޣǲ֪̻Ϊʲôŷڣǵܵڡ
ҲЦϵ˵ûԳһµǸ֮һŵʽڸأκξߡǸڽ̻ᣬԲʿźͺڰ˵Ĳ֮ͬϣͳܹǸᡣ
Ҳأϵǵɫ
ɫҲǸԼ
ôϵǵĿ˸žâ
ͻȻЦһ赲ǸԸڹںκһںƽķ֮ڡһǸҪԴǣôñػ
أ
ҽ뿪֮󣬻ٻһһַսһ֪жǾȻһһšϣһ뿪ܹ֮ʣһ񡣡
㡭ϵɫ䡣
ͳ£˵ҶΪδҲпһЩҡ
üͷ΢΢ʵſڣΪʲô֣ɽ̻ͺڰţ
ϵ̾һ̻ûôһֱصúȥҹ̻ʣҲ֡ļһʥڡʥ֮󣬿Ҳֻܹһƽ֡
굱ʱˣ̻ỹز¶һҲȻˣ̻йԻ͵ʱǸʱȨǴȨģĵ̣˥ˣҲձ
Ǻڰأ
ڰ˵ʱûзʲôܹͿȼĸ֣ҲųܡһֱڰҲǵĳѨ
̲סһӡ
㻹Ѹ翪ϵųѾҵˡ
Ϊʲô¶˲õЦݵҲԷһſȥֻҪǲܾģ
ֵϵǴӡ
ʵѾһչֻû֪ˡ
ˣͻȻ˵ҲԱ߿ŰɣӦҲٶɣ
һϵҲûͷ֯һˣֽĩˡ
ⲻͽˣһĴֵĩ˲ܾԿ۹һȫ硣һ̸̸ɣ
ҲãϵҲԼס꣬ȥ绰绰֮˾ɳţһӵʱ䣬͵ˡ뵽ĵһ仰ǣҸطдһΣ
Ȼ˵ľΪѾ൱ǱϾûн֡һֱҪͳдһ£Ҫ̸£ǾͱǸʸ
ȻȻͬ⣬ɳվЦڣ
ڣ
ص㣿

䣬һԾɳ˴ſзȥҲ˲ʧټϵߵ˴ǰҹգҪȥ˼Ǻ˼ҲҲ׷ϳͿ
˺ܿ˷֮⣬Զ˻ʢ٣ŵȥ˿һСķ棬СгŸȴû˿η塣
ʱվСĽֵϣԶΧæȥǴӳͿϸоӴϢοʱ˵սⰻȻ
ڻʢֻǺͳһУڴﵽεľûʲô˽⣬ų˵ȳ֣


571 ʮն
ͷͻȻһҸոͻƵһ۷壬Ҫһȭ𣿡
ɫһ䣬֪ʮǰֻ˧ڣ̶̵ʮ֮ȻѾͻƵһ۷ˡôģʮõʲô
㡭ʮ졭
ǻȥ˵ѾͿϵǽˣûʲôġ΢Ц˵
ãɣֻߵݹһȭϱ¶֮ɫһ۷弶źüء󷢵óǿ似
һҲһ˿ãƲԼ˵þҪóԼǿ似ˡ
Сˣ
껹һ¶Էǿ۾¶ķǲں˲佫ڵǳ֮˳һתȭۣͬʱǱ
һһʧ
һһ֡
ʹֻͨ˲͵˿Ķ档һȭſǰؾͺ˳ȥ
Ȼ¶һ˿ƲɫȴȫɡϾıһ˧ڵʵ˧۷壬֤Խսʵ
ͨڱг껹ûùⲻòʹɵ΢һЩ˲佫Լʵӭųȭͷ˳ȥΪҲĶ֡
䡭
˵ȭͷײһ𣬼𵴡

ߵķݾȻܲסĳˡ
ź浹ÿһµĽֵ̤˷顣ǶĿȴ岽ÿһͬǽ̤÷飬Ȼȳ껹Ҫ൹
꾫ǳ֮ǱֱӳԽ
㶵Ŷĳ꣬һʱ֮ĵĲţֻһ۷壬ﵽ۷壬˵߷ΧҲĶˡ
顭
һڴһһɼǿİڱѿ
ŵŵš
ź浹岽
顭
һӲٴκ岽µʯɣǶһ˿Ѫ
ǲֳһ˿ЦԼҪʹ似ģǽȴԼûӦСҲںϾ弶壬תԪԼųȥȻȡһƿҩ£ųͿʼˡ
ĳ갵ųΪ磬ǲҪ顣ţǸղԼ˵Ǿóǿ似̼˳꣬궼ʹӵа似
⡭ҿԣ
Сʱ󣬿ƾȫȬʲôҲû˵ֻų˴Ĵָ
Ѿָʵһ
ˡ
ʮ˱ɽΧųĿһȻ˽⾫ߣȴҲ֪ܹʮ˱ɽǾԿֲȡһ󽣣Ԫ۷壬Ŀ˳ꡣ
ȥ
ʮ˱ɽХſȥ
ϡ
˴γһĻЩɽֵ棬Ǵʱÿһ֧ɽе൱ֵܹģ
ֻǲһӵʱ䣬˫۾ͿʼЩ顣ʱѾˣԼܹˡͳ֮ľ롣
顭
ҽźݺһŵ棬·֩˫ս޾â͸赲ǰķɽͬһųŵڵһس˳ꡣ
żһξź󷽷ˣʼպͿž룬ʮ˱ɽڿͣع򿭶
ϡ
ʱѾ弶ٶ˼ޣͬһ㣬еĴڿ趯ƬƬӰһɽ˳ȥ
ǡ
ͳľûһֱԭеľ롣ҿǳ̬ǳɣȫԼٶµģ
ⲻ룬ȫ˱ľ棬ʱ˾ߵĿֲֻ֮Ҫ˼Һһ磬߸û;ߴ򡣵ǿϾ弶Ŀųꡣ
ֻʹǿһʽˣ
˫֮еĴȻĿһ֪ǱԪ⵽µı
žͼĴ󽣾ųն¡
ʮն
гâʮֵĽâų˹
ٶ̫ˣ
˲ףԼʵ㲻׵ʱ䶼ûУ͸˵ٻڿſķɽ
ж˺ʮ˱ɽϵ̴еʮɽпʮɽǰʹʮ˱ﻹʮ
ʮɽҲеڳһʮӭʮնȻһ죬ʮնɽڿеסͬһȻˡ
ಡ
µ߱ŶĿХȥ
ϡ
ؽ߱ɽ˳ظҵţղʩչʮնһʽѾĴԪ߱ɽ̺֮䣡
ಡ
꽫ʮɽȻֽ䵽ϵʮ˱ɽЦ򿭶ȥ
һʽʮն
ҡҡͷͲҪȡЦˡ
ʱ˶˵棬һߵϢһšöʱ俭˽ĳʮȥˣҲ˽˳Ϳϵ֮佻̸ݡȻ󿭶˳˼
ܹ赲ĸ
ܣ
е̻ᣬڰֹܹδأ


572 
ԳʵٶȣľһƷǸʱܹ赲
ҵǸʱ˴֮ѾˣԤϡ
ܿ¶˾ģֳ֧ꡣⲻǳҲӦҲ򻪹͸ҪԾԼĩҲδؾڸ硣
ðɣ
˸磬ĩ˻ܹ׬ˡϾֻһңһЭ飬ȫƣڹɷչԼĩԵľͲǽһȫ磬ģҪ
֧㣡
ллõ˿֧֣ȻҪлرϣܹδиõĺ
ҲҪ˵ģҲֳ˿ĵЦݡ
˷Ц
ȥͿϵ̸̸Ȼһȥ̸̸ЦվΡ
ã
˵γŻʢٷȥ

ǡ
Ǳڡ
㳡ϡ
ʮֽš㳡ϴʱֳӪһڶ࣬ǸԱɣص˾㶼ˮһ߻վŻ񡣵ǵĶȴֻˡ
ǵʿʿ
Ĳͬ⣿еһʿ˵
ⲻܣĿᶨҡҡͷ
ʿһ˿ʧҲֻʧ˵ӦشٵǸͲ׽硣ľƲ׽ܹӦԵģֻܹӦغƽ١
˵ɫһΪ࣬ҲϣǲҪΪ˽ࡣѾ׽ˣҵ˵Ҫ븴飬֮Ҫ뻪飬ǶͬˡȴܾǵҪľҪǵͬ𣿡
ʿѾʼɫҪֻǷӣڣǵľסһλᡣ
߶࣬ͻ˫֮⾡ԡ
͡ʿЦһʵ֮Ҫǵͬ⣬ֻǲҪ鷳Ȼǲ̧֪٣ǾСС鷳һ£ɱ˾ˡǲҪЩν˵ģǵʵǵϣҪ׽ͿƼûǣǲҪһ»΢鷳һˡ
ߣ
һʱ˵ɫÿڳؿǣǡ˼ףǻţʵʵūɱˣ˼׽ѡ˾ˡ
ߣʿŻ͵ô㲻
Ҳܹߵˣ˳裬˻ԣҲغɳȥ˲Ҳڻʢߴˣ
ʿɫһ䣬ֳһ˿ŭȻ˵ǲصŵӡ
˵ֱƵˣ˵Ҳ㲻ܼ򵥣ԴѡһһֻҪӮˣ뿪ҲΪ׽硣
ѡˣɣҲˣ̤ǰһĿ˶ʿ
ǺǡǾеǸʿŻͣԱߵĸʿҲһļ
ȷҪҵʿϷʵŻ͡
ɣʹһӴԪռȡ˴󽣣˫һգ֮ϣâ²
ǺǡʿϷŰɫӵŨǾͽһɣ
䣬ʿһ˦䣬Żͬһһն˹
ȡ
ʿƵᣬȴǲ˿ɡȫԪ㶼עд֮Уһ־ʹԼѹ׵似
¹ն
һ޴ҹգն˶ʿ
顭
ʿһ˦޴֮ϣɽâɵʱˣһײڻ͵ǰء
ۡ
Ѫź󷽷һԾڿбס˻͵塣
ǡ
ۡ
ҲһѪŻͣסĵˣ㵹߲ȶΣͷһ͵ϢѾʮ΢
񣡡ϲֳ֮ɫ
ҡۡһ죬һѪȻ˵һ֮ȫ
˵һλᣬȻѡսǾͶȥɣλʦܣǰǽ˰ɣ
ǣʦ֣
ĸʿӮһŸ˱˹ȥ֧Ϭشˡ
ಡ
ͻȻıɽͬһػı֮ϡ
ϡ
ײ֧ɽסһ٣Ȼ̧ͷſȥӰŵ¡

糤
ӳ
񣡡
ϸָĺȴɶǾϲ䵽˵֮ϣĿһ۶ˣȻĿŸɨһۣɫ΢䡣һѾվ˻͵ߡʱɱڻȻҲˣȴء
Ҳûʣ͸ʶ˲ɨͣɫһ룬ȡһƿҩְŻͷȥȻֵݸһƿҩҲӹ׺ȥȻеʵû°ɣ
΢΢üͷʱסҪָЩ鷳Ҳ̵Ϣһ°ɣ
䣬Ŀ񣬾ô£
¶һ˿Ц㿴ʿˣ
ţһߵͷһ˶ʿ


573 Լ
ʱĸʿѾ˵ʿ࣬ʿһ̳Ϊ˵ģ˺б֪ǶûʢߴھˡҲֹסĸʿ¶һ˳ꡣ
ҵȻҵǣҵ˻񡣡ɬ˵Ҫǵǲͬ⣬ǾҪɱ⣡
΢΢üͷ˶ĵʿ쳣䱸Դӱһл֮󣬳ͽࡣֻˣȴҷɱǰЩˣǾžѹԼһʵ
ҡ
ˣԼʱϻ»Ҳͽˡˣ볹ûȬҲҪԼһƬ֮Ļꡣǣʵ˭
أ
ľһǼʶӵʵǻֻ˧ߣվԼǰˣһ񣬶һʵ͵񡣾ѸٵڶԷ˵ӹһԷ˾Ȼ弶һ߼
ꣿǸʿȤųʵ
ǣ
鸽ذɣֻҪصǸ糤
û⣡ֳ˲õЦݡ
ʶʱΪܣǺǡʿҲЦ

糤
ӳ
͸˳Ծų꣬˰ֹסǵĺȻʿҲܹƾһ仰ͰѴ鸽ذɣұ֤ҹ鸽أͻҲһ鸽
ŶֵʿԾˣɽĿɨ˳ȻǺɵصͷһӳġҲͷ۾һ۳꣬ǻδȵͷǻȴ۾ص˵ͷһҲ̵ͷ
ʵʮˣôǳ˴Ӧص֮⣬ûеڶ·ߡ
ʿһ¶˾ȣû뵽ڻȻšһ˧ôЩ˶
ţ
ԣղ÷ɽӭУһߡ
ǡ
Ǿߣʵϻᳬ
ҪΣʿȻûаѳȴû˼֮ɫ
ܼ򵥣ϵЦɲãǱһˣһˣҵ
ⲻܣʿһ˿â
˵ʼ磬Ҳ֪زܴӦҶԷҲδֻܹʨӴ󿪿ڣҪ۰ˡ
ʹ죬ʿеĲ΢һ΢һµˣһӮˣֻܹӦ㣬뿪Ժػ᲻㣬
ⲻƽȻҡͷѾˡõɣѡһһˣҽȬһĸһ˻ȥһܹ
ʿ¶һ˿ЦһͲ˵ˣˡҳȻѾҩɾˡǾ͵ڶɣֻҪܹңǾĸˡ
ã
Ĵڵһ壬ſзȥʿҲһ˦˸߿գͳԶ
ˡ
ʮ˱ɽΧųʿĿһɫأд󣬻ȡһ˿ͣͬһһس˳ꡣ
ԷľٶĿҲһǵһμ˹֮ˣ˵ʲô
˵Էʮк;ֵ߽ľ飬óҲһĶ֣һ˽ص߼ʵ
ת
ಡ
ʮ˱ɽŶԷХȥ˲óԼȫʵʮ˱ɽƿգͿĦХͬʮŮӼ巢С
ȡ
ʿһǽâͬڿռҡҷβͣ޾Ƴ˳ꡣ
ľһֻһƾóʶԷͷųʵ
껹ܹӦҪܣʹʮ˱ɽͶԷһͬʱþŶԷעŶԷ
ʮ˱ɽϵرԷԷҲڲͣų˹ǳȴһֱͶԷž룬öԷʼմڱľ֮¡
֮ϣ˵϶¶˾ϲ֮ɫʹʱҲţ۾ſȥ¶һ˿֮ɫɷתͷĸʿɫ㲻һΪĸʿû˿Ľţ¶һּ֮ɫ
̾ˣͳսǸʿûóʵ
ǡ
ƺѾóȫ˰
С
ʿһǰķɽȻһ٣ų˹ȥоһΪľع۲쵽ȻԷٶȺˣϢĲȴ
طȻͬ
˫ڿߣμٺ󳷣һκͶԷ˾롣
ʿɫҲһû뵽Լʵ۷ȴɲܹͳ롣
СӵʵѾ൱ˣûжɣһǳ׽磡
ʿֳһ˿ͣϵȻ˳߼ʵ׷ſ
ಡ
ηɿ˺ͳ֮ľ룬սų˳ȥ
˻
еĿۿɼر߷âնٶ˵۾Ͻâٶȡ


574 
ಡ
꽫Լٶ˼¡
ǡ
еʮ˱ɽһ󽣣ӭնһĽâȥ
䡭
һ޺ϵ߶ҡҡλΣЩʵ͵߸ɴһƨ˵ϡ
䡭
һڿը죬Ǳ󽣺Ȼɢʮ˱ɽط˳ȥ
ۡ
ٴһѪ¶˽֮ɫе˶ֳ˵֮ɫֻĸʿЦ
ಡ
˳ȥͬʱСС´ָ

˻ʿĽâųն˹ȥҲڿһתٴų׷˹ȥͬʱгڿһһ뻡νâն˳ꡣ
ǡ
漴۾ˣ¶˲֮ɫ
ϾȻһҺֻգ֮γһסһֱĬĿ۾һԳĿҲʮֺ棬֪׵Ч
ϡ
һâն˿֮ϣȻһ۶û¡һ֮ʡ
ಡ
ζˣͬһϹ⣬ʵ̫ˣ񾭶ӦһֻȭͷͺǸʿϡ
顭
ǸǾͬķɻײһ㣬ͬһص˳ȥһѪŵˤȥ
ಡ
ڿл˲׷Ǹʿһֻ֣һץסĲӣǸطʮУһץסǸطǸʿʱáӲܹȴܹ
ÿףǸʿһ˿ȡ
ƲƲ죬аռûʹٷ֮һﻹڣ
ಡ
ӰϿУΧм䡣һʿȵʦ֣
굹ǺǸʿ䵽˵棬Ȼɿӵ֣ȻЦеǸߡǸʿתͷһ۳꣬˼һ£εҡҡͷѾ˼ˡԼûˣȻҲδǳĶ֡תͷһʿ˵ʦܣȥʦʦˣ
ʦ֡
ȥɣǸʿȻ
ʦɫһͣȻݺݵصһ۳꣬γ˲ʧͻȻ˸˼£ûصĵʿӦָĸĵʿﴦ˼£סǵ
㡭ĸʿɫ䣬סǾͬͨһ㣬β־壿
ĸȥҪΪǡĸ
ǣһ֣ĸȥ
Ǹ˵굹ǿ˳һۣҲûĬĬظŸ뿪ҲʮʱΣֻǱˣһжҪȴʦˡ
һ
껰䣬ξʧڴ֮ڣһ䣬ɨһ·ַûͷȡһƬ֮Ļ꣬Ȼȡһ֭֮ĻֵȥһˮȻͨϵ
ֻʮʱ䣬֮Ļͱ֭ҺȡһƿȻ󽫲֭֮Һ˲ƿѸٵؽٶȻص˻͵ǰ
ʱѾ׵ػ˹ȥҲ˿죬֭֮Һ˻͵ĿСȻƿתͷԿ˵ʱڸͼ죬Ҫ뿪һʱ䡣
ؿ˳һۣ˵ͷףһ˳
лл
䣬ҲٶɽΡಡһһϹʧǰ
ڸ߿֮Уһصķȥһ߽Լľ˳ȥӰ׵ľܿóھзǸظȥĵʿ
ٶȣþ˶ԷԶԶظǸʿҲʶǰִˣûеշ׽磬ԼĴʦֱ˴ˣһλʦֵܱǿ˸硣
Ҳǳżһ·óٶȣصķ򼲷ɶȥ
֮
꿴һϿȥȻʧ˲ǸϿȵϷʱɴסʮѾصĴӪûףԼ治
˫Ŀ֮Ӵڳ˷ݣһе𣺡Ϊ
һһоЩˣһΧضĻвһЩĶ֮ķʽγһĿĻþҲ󷨡
ܿе˽ķ·ȥڿػأ¡Լӵʱ䣬ǰһǰһ޴ɽ壬żֵӰɼҵȡ
Σ
´ָϵ˸˼£ξʧ
ɽһ⻬ͱ֮ϣ޴壺ء
ɽ֮дһʱĳѾ뵽֮ڣһ֮С
ڴ֮ڣǸĵʿվм䣬׿һĵһһʿʱŸϻǸʿŸ֮е龭
͵͵ؽ˳ȥоһݣԷȻһ˼ߡԼһӵʱ䣬˽֮Ǹ˼ϸѯ˼⣬ȻٻһˣԸ˼䣬Ǹ˾ת˴Ǹ˼Ҳ۾ƺ˼ʲô飬ǸѶĵʿʵʵվ˴롣
һͿʼ½½صܹ֮ڷʮ߰ӣҸţмһš
Сʱʱ䣬ʮϾˣǸʿһ׵ߣ˫Ŀ֮䣬⾡ԣվڴǸʿ˵˵


575 ͫ
ǣţǸʿ̲䷳ֽͷβϸ˵һ顣
˵Ǹʵʵֻ
ǣ
һֿҺ̬͹̬תĿף
ǣ
Ǽףֻһоͻ졣
ǣ
֮ٴμžڽܹʮ߸Ŀ̰֮ɫ
һ겻ںĿף˵Щ֮ˣһҲ¶̰֮ɫǳǷܹ̰жǾǸ˵ˡ
꽫ͷ˳ȥȥ̽ʮ߸˵ʵ
ʲôˣҲһʿȻվĿĹˡʱһ̽˻ֻôһѾʮ߸˵ʵ̽˸
ʮ߸ż۷壬żĸ˼۷壬˼ֻһ˲ߣǸˣҲһߣھϻڳã治֪ǺΪʱѾǸʿĿ˹
Цһ£Ҳ̫⡣ֻ֪ҪףЩ˵ǰͲκΣաҲأСС´ָξʹӽ¶˳
֮ڵɫһ䣬һ˫˫Ŀ˲˳꣬ӿɱ⣬һ˿־塣
û־壬꾹ȻܹҳʵͣԳʵ׵棬ȫ԰ɱǡ
껺ߵ˴룬ܿ˿Ȼקһӷڴ֮ϣʩʩȻȥ

һ˼ĵʿȻͳڳǰһȭ˿ųź˹
ĿһŭԷһȭʹȫ뽫һ
飡
굥һͰѶԷץУȻϾ߳һš
顭
Էͷ˳ȥ
ۡ
һѪݺݵײڴǽϣȻǽϷſ˵ϡӵһΣһƨ˵ϣۡһһѪ
ಡ
Ӱֻ˲ʮĸ˾վڳΧΧм䡣ֻ֮ĸûп꣬һţȵ׵ϣڶǸߣΪһ߲սģǸ˵ˣʱڵϣһǸصĵʿʱͣ𾪵ųꡣ
ûȥʮĸΧĵʿһڣȫЩ˵ĴڡһЩ񼶱ĵʿ𣿲ûж֣Ҳȶ֡ػµģװȫܹ࣬ŽһܹŽõġǣ˶ȶˣȻҲ
ⲻ̲סİˡ
СӴǵˣǰΧˣڸϴǲ
˶ˡ
ǵȭͷ껹һξʱǵͷ˳ȥ۸ˣͲڣ˭
Ǻ޹˼ɵس֣ȭͷϣˡ
顭
ʮײȥ֮ʮĸʿͷ˳ȥصˤǽϣȻ󷴵
ۡ
֮һƬѪ
ಡ
ʮɽڿ۳һ󽣣ų굱ͷն
飡
һѽǸסȻ˫Ǳ֮ѣ˫֮˸Ǳ󽣱㱻÷飬ʵصһء
ಡ
ͻأسǸߵǰλδӿ£һѾӾ˶Էǰء

һҽУǸ߾͵˳ȥһ³ϣš
ŵɫʮѿѾԼԲǳĶ֡ʵףе̰סطȴǲ˿¶
ػʲô֣ȥǶгڼžĴ֮ϻص
ã
û뵽ŵһʮָɴˣʹŴȥһûСʵҲ֪ԼҲûáҲʮ־ɥʲôʱ۸ſˣ
վģߵλӣʩʩȻ£ӱϣһ°͵ȴŻ
ʱʮ˵ĵʿҲӵϥڵϣȡһŵҩ˿ֻǸصĵʿһ԰׵վڴ֮УãȻ޴롣
Լֻжʮҵʱ䣬ſھͳˡеһţװ롣꽫Ѹٵ˳ȥĿ΢΢һ˾ȻǱͫһǴﵽ˳ȼĸǳ༶
һģмϣо㶼ŭ֮ɫǣδǿڣ͵ؿˡ
Ȳ˵ˣһϰɣվʵΪ𡣡
ͫɫһĿɨȻʮĸصʿˣ֮ǰǵĽ˴˶һۡ
ಡ
Ӱų˹оȡ˸ԵĳâϬն˳ꡣ
ûеȳ귴Ӧâն˳ϡûܵ˺ȴ𶯲ѡ
ͫǱͫǵٶȿԼӦûףԼֻ·һԷһжӲס
Ҳ
ʵڴ֮ͫһӳǾֱܹûܵһ˺˼Ҫˣֳֳ˷ơ


576 ʤ
ಡ
η˳ȥͫʽٶȷʵǳܹӦģǿײٶҲͫʿܹӦġ
顭
һ༶ĵʿ͵˳ȥݺݵײǽϣǱһѪ
ٴڿ۷˹
顭
죬ͫĵʿ˵ϣʱֻ֮վšһǳ꣬һţһǸϻĵʿ
תʩʩȻ߻£ͫʿӵˡ
ʱڼžȥͫʿ۾ӵվǰ˼ֳ˼Σջ
ĵؿһۣ˵ػиûУ
ֲͫһƵ³Ѫˣǳƣ˼ǳǼиٽгٰǴ򵹡û˰һ̲ͫסˣڼ㲻Ǹװˣ
ͬǾ⸱ȴܹ
㡭
ʲô㣿һŶСС´ָϵĿ׻Һ·һ˫ѥ¶˳塣ͫɫһ㶣׳ΪʲôҪҪ֪̾⸱ףжȥףѵͲԼͻȻϮɱ
ڴʱĿŸղſڵǸʿȻ˵жȥ˿ףҶ𣿡
㡭
һΪͫʿСĿ˸ų˸
ֻҪҶ֣Ҿͽɱһ
֮ڵĵʿжһǳ˳˼ֻҪǸһζԳ궯ֻ֣Ҫһ֮ɱ꣬ô͵ų꽫ɱɡ
һɱ
ɱģȴûһɱġǲҶǳܲ
ôгһгͫһ
ûУ
ûУֲòôðһԡֻǧûǧշġ첻һΣԼشʲôЭ飬ضһ֮ģ˵ͻ֮Ѱһ͵ϮԼ
ԼһΣŲΡ
ֻҪصʿҳ֣Ժ͸Ӳ׳ֻ֡ҪԼһʱ䣬ͻɳǳײҳֵľ硣
ðһˣֻҪͻȻһ֮¸ԼһԼͻ̿׽Լ棬Ȼ̷֮Լ
ʵʱ˫ͷ£ӲͦǳҪһЩͫʿŶԷҪһͽԼɱԲ
ͫ߻ûиҳ֣ǸƼʿһʩҲΪ룬ĩմٽ٣νеΪ涷
Ǹʿڣеĵʿһζͫ˶Գ궯֣ʱ˶֡ڳ꺷Ȼǻ֮޷еٴγֵĺ
ҲһԼǷܹסԷһҲûȫġ֮ŬԼȶ˵ҲΣβУе඼Сǻ߱ͳŵΡ
Ҳ˽ĵλɣƼ߰Ȼ˵
Ȼǲ˽磬ǵһ˵硣ǿԲ²⵽ЩŶһЩŴеĵطڵĵطһЩԪռ䡣ӽ֮󣬾ѾһԪռ䡣
ʵڵһûʸûʸ񡣡
˲أǲǾɵЩʿһҪѲɱǿѹ˵
Ƽʿɫһͣ͡ôģԭǿΪ𣬲ɱˣʣµľͷˡ
ǲ˵ЦһҿԽɱǲǾͿǵ߼շ
֮ڵеʿɫһ䣬ǸƼʿֳһ˿ŭɫʩҲô۸ġȫԸǸףҲδܹųȥ
ͷţΪһһɱﵣ޷ֺҿھ뿪ǻᡣȻؽҪܵĺҲ
صʿ̫ˡӽؾͲòɽˣ˭ҲҳȥˣֻҪȥҪԳ׷ɱҾǷɽˣҲδؾͲܹشӽͲҪŰˡ
ôƼʿϳΣû˽ģֶֻβпһЩ
ҳϣͷҸղžͲˡ
ʿһ죬Ҳϳղ顣˼ҳ궼ʹسû˽ģҲһˣʿų깰ֵл
˰ֵʵҪĩ֮ǰҲ⽫Ǿ㶼նɱĩպƽٽ٣Ҫһǲ˽磬Ҳ˽ĩմٵĳ̶ȡ
˽⣡Ƽʿ¶˿ɬĿǰʵ޷ĩպƽٵġҾԪռҲδܹ޵Ϯԣǲ׼ͳһȻַȫ
ûֻЦſǸʿǸʿһ죬˵Ȼ޳ṩ
¶˵ЦݣʹڸֶϿǵгһпúܡǳ겢ƽ֮ǰ뷨ڣͲذǵ뷨


577 
ʵûʸͳ˧λǸƼʿֳ֮ɫڰֹסȻ֪ĩմٵ޷ȴΪһͳĵλɱǵˣ֪ʧҪ׽ʵǿҲˣ޹ش֡Ҫ㣬Ǹڵֿǵ׽඼ϼѵߣܶ˳ǡǷȱֻǹĹЩĹǵĳɾͲ֮¡ǵٵҪһǵǵ߼ȫûз֮ǰͳһ࣬ԵȺȫɱڷ֮ҲԲȡַҸղȫԽȫɱ뼴ʹʲôĵ̣Щȫ֮Ҳû˵ֿء
ڵĵʿǲǺ³꣬ΪȻڸղûɱǣʱҲ֡Щ׳꣬ȴǾͳһ׽Ϊʲô
ҡ
ҲȴǿڸղŽɱźܴĿշأΪʲô
˳һлȻǳ겻ҪȻлǲ̫ͬ뷨жԳȴࡣ
˵߱ͳ˧λʸΪ׽缸û֪ǡǳ˱ֶ֮⣬пǵΧĩսնɱ𣿻˵𣿱𣿡
Ƽʿ򣺡˼ǣ
ҵ˼֮䲻ܹɱʲôĿġҪΪͳ˧ҪõͬҲǳҲͳ˧ĵλһжҪڹķΧڡûйأ޵Ĺɱ
򣿡
ǹ򣡡΢΢üͷ˼ŵҪγһˣƶ˹߽ΪһȨײ㣬֮ҲҪһ
֮ٴμžԼžʱ䣬ʼ̧ͷų˼ֹ򣿡
ǿԲ룬Ҳֹı국˵
ͬҲΪֹĵˡƼʿ˵Ǵֹԥؽ׷ɱ˵Ķ԰ɣ
ҲصͷҪֹֹ򣬾ͲҪˣһֱͺܺá
ǵҪһֱƼʿֳ˿Цִܹ𣿡
ӵ׽ӭһò˶ãҲ꣬Ҳʮ꣬ʮ꣬罫ơ
ͫ໥һۣͬ˵ؾޱ䣬ԪѾĩմ֮ǰѷѾЩԪռؾͬӵ˸Ĺ粻پκƣڷЩҪ׽硣
һԭ֮ͬ󣬵ԪԽԽŨʱƣϵԪһᳬӵеĴԪռ䡣Ǹʱ򣬵Ͳ׽磬ӵеĴԪռҲؾɵ磬ЩνؾС硣
ڶԭǵĻ̫ˣǲܹ򣬵ܿͻųǡԣǲҪ򣬻ҪŻذᵽֻŲᱻ̭
ҲǼڽ׽ԭ򣬼ڿ׽ԭ򣬵ųĴڣԭļƻѾʵʩȥˡҲƾʵ뵽׽ڣҲضռݾԵơ
˵ĹǣƼʿʵ
ҡҡͷûȷѾŷ˺ѾҳһƬͻȻڻ
˵겻ɳ̾һƼʿüë˵̻Ҳˣ
Ҳ֪̻᣿ɫͻȻһ䣺Ҳĸ֣
ȻУƼʿͷ漴¶мûĸ֣ʵǿĲǳȼ
ѪɵĺڰˣԲʿšǲҲб֣ͫ
ƼʿһµڰӦУǸʲôʿŲᡣ
΢һµλǷ׼
ţƼʿ쳣ɴࡣ
ǰγƺ
ʩƶϪɣ
ǰҵ뷨ǽϸǿټһȻһˣƶһ򡣴Ҷ֮£Υ˹򣬽ܵƲạ́ߣܵߵ׷ɱ
Ҫʱ䣡
ҶҪʱ䣬ÿһҪʱȥƶһЩȻһͬ졣
ãϪ˵ظ֪ͨ磬ȵʱ䣬鷳ʩǰ֪ͨһ
û⡣껰һת½ˣӦýһЩСˡ
С£Ϫɫһ䣬ʶʲô
˵纷Ȼ֣Ҫ糤һɣ
ϪЦһҪʲô
꽫Ŀ˴ʱվһߵǸߡܺԷȻܹѾľ硣ʾ֪һźľųյľ
Ȼܹǳδ߾ٵľٶȴ½ơ
ҪһزڹھĹ
⡭
еɫһ䡣ⲻС£ǹϵصĸ⡣ϪϳΪѣ˵ʩɣ


578 Լ
ҿӦĹȡ국˵
Ϫɫһǿס
ҡͷͲˣֻôһδҲֻôһ
ϪֳһµܹóʲôĹ
һ⣡ᶨ˵
Ϫ˼ᶨҲһ˿˵ʩҲ֪صɣ
ޣֳȤ˵˵𣿡
ûʲôܹ˵ġϪ˵صĴԴڵһ硣
һ磿һ˵ܷϸ֪һ飿
Ҳû̫ϸĶֻ֪һĻƺ飬µЩس˷ŭƺһǱġֻƬܲǵõд󲿷ֶǹھģֻһСǹ߷ġˣǵõĴҲǵһнΪġ绹һЩţǵõĴûɣ˵Ƚء
üëʵȻǵõĴ󲿷ֶǾУôΪʲôֻһ
ĿǸߣϪٴοЦҪʺܲѰҡ
ǵõܹͨ
󲿷ֶʮֻǴͨһ
ľҿһܹͨһĹǽ
ܹͨһĹϪ˫Ŀһ
ǣͷ
Ϫ΢΢üͷѰ˼šų׽˽⣬׽߽׵ĹǴͨʮ
λȥͻдͨһĹˡֹȻ״ڸˡ
ϪˣǰĳдͨһĹֻһֱûó֪ӵֹžó
ã
ϪȻվΣҲûóóӽ֮ΪӮΡųŴ֮ȥȻɽһȥҶд֣
뵽֮Ϫֱӽһ㣬ȻߵһżǰĿһɨǸֻϻӡϪתͷųʩӵе߽׵㿴һͱһȡ
ã
ʹشӦȴϪɫһ㶡زͨһĹԭΪܹһͲˣӦʹ죬Ǿӵвֹһ
ɴҲܹӳŪͨһĹὫصʵδһ̨ס
ףһԼۿʱûз±ϪһΪ˼¼
˵һϻӣһͬһĶаƴСոһϻӣһ˳üģȴ׵档ССҴѶϢüıһֳһ׶˳üģ˲һƬڳʶУû֣ȴóķǳ
Ƭȫ֮󣬱̽Ƭ֯һȻ͸ССң
ֽȻվ˼ƪƷ׻һԺЩ֮һϣһϣһһƬγһ
ֱֹȽƽͣϵڤ룬ٽҩȻƷڵľٶȴǲ֡
ֹǰĻϣлɱ˵ľͻʹԼľٵ
ֹĿǰʺϳģΪڵŴĴľֹͿ԰ٱЩľ
ҲˣԼõµҪĹǹ߷ģھҪࡣ
һУתͷһֱվԱߵϪе԰ɣ
У
ȥɣҰǡ

Ϫһ䣬겻һ֣豸ҲΪִ꿪һԣվѡܹͨһĹЩ͸ССңȻվСС´ָ
ָϵĿױ㿪ʼ仯һͷ˵ԵĲףȻ㽫ֹ˽ȥ
ٶȷǳ죬ֻǲӵʱ䣬ͽͣȻߵһߣλøϪϪվ˵ԵĸǰʼļĶֹĶúСʱҵʱ̧ͷ˸˷ܡ
׬˱ˣϾߺѰңرϾһΪšֹ۽Ƕӵеֹֹ֪ǳܹͨһͽ׵֡
֪ӵеǱڳŶ壬Ϊû˻뵽ӵһ磬̲źĴ
ص˴֮ڣ˫ʮֿġʱҲˣһˣʵһռ˵Ķ㡣
ĩʵΪģҲҪӢ۳ֵġֻҪǳ֮ʾԼʵ͵̣ǺܿͻΪľᱻӵԶǵΧȱǿ̫ࡣ
һǰԵһ
ܹ˳ĻûԸ߰Ե


579 
˫Լȥ֪ͨ磬긺֪ͨ׽磬֮Ҳ202181ڻǱھе˳ƶ顣
Ϫ˵£뿪أžǷȥԿ׵ٶȣֻǼӵʱصǱ
˿ף߽˻ʱѾȫָҲסƣֻҪмʱܹȬʱе˶ڻڵų꣬˽һɶվĵĿ˳ꡣ
ǳ갲ȫطأǵʮֵġͻȻֳźܴѹžӵſףǿѹ׽Ļһ˸޷ֵܹ뼸
λ£ȻʾŻͣұſĿɨˣ˿ϵǵļƻҪЩ仯ˣ
ʲô仯ɫһ䡣֮ǰصǵʵԼĺǲ㡣
仯ǲֻҪҪһЩ˽˵˵κɵĹʶɡ
꿪ʼϸؽ֮н˳û˵飬µһжޱ˵˳
꽲ϣһƬžһȫ֪磬һЩĴڡ
˵ű֣ͫĿʵ
ǣصͷǻУ̻ᣬڰҲСԲʿûУҲй̺ͺڰ̣ҲСֻĹ̺ͺڰǻһ׽ûн̻ôӰ졣
ǡǶʲôʵ
ǿʵǻƼϪ˵ǿʵǳ༶
ĬȻϢǵ̫ˡҲʮЩĩ֮ǰܹͬɵˣƾʵ࣬ѾǺº͵ˡûгĴڣò
ҪľһЩԽԽá֮Ǿۼڴ˹ͬһЭ飬˹֮ǾͻһԹƽĻ·չԺܹȡʲôĽҪԵŬˡ
ƶĴʲôʵ
һµĸҲܹ壬ǻŵʽ֡׽ĹҪΣҲͬҲζҾйŵȫҲǲܵģĿǰܡ
˾㶼ͷҲ
ԺľƻǹҺ֮໥໥ƺľƣƿ»ܾãҪ׼ҽ˲ŵӼңԶ˲ŵһҪƶһ򡣲ܹᣬֻܹṩĸ߸ᡣ
˵ֱͦŵˣоһ¹ҺͿǰؽϢȥɡ
ĿɵϵھҪ׼ʱ˵ǲܹдķ⡣
ǣ
Ǻ糤׼ɣ˵
ã
Ϳܷɻ뿪ˣܷɻͿҲĽһµʱ䣬Ϣ˸Ϸеϵ202181ջۻǱ뽨ˡΪλй񾳽ϵ߹ƶ
Ϣ˿ֲٶȴĸ䣬һϵ߶ʼŻۣȻ黹µʱ䣬ÿһ񶼿ʼ˭Ҫһʢ硣
ȴǳʱѾפǣæһţÿնڻжȹҲǣ֯һŶӣ˸·ӢÿڼҵرۣƶһһĹ
ûЩΪԼȷʵóЩʱﲻŬԼʵһ̨סĩյУֻʵŻеλĵλ󲿷ֶڿףڶͬʱҲἤ˵̰ԣĿǰʵǳĵһĿġ
йɣڷʱǵĸ豸ǵڶķûʲôãΪÿչͨǻۣľͬӿһӿʶѸٵž
⣬ϥ֮Уǳǳ֮º߷ﵽ۷壬ﵽƷ弶ڣ൱߼
ֹȥ˽֮󣬳߷ͻƵ۷壬ﵽƷ弶ڣ൱˼
ֹͣΪ81ֻʣʱˡھ81ջʮʱ򣬸صϵѾȫˡÿնлСľۻᣬҲ໥֮д衣
ЩдҲΪԼʵأΪ˻֮ʱƶʱʵռŸĻȨ
Щеڴꡣ󲿷ڳ궼в֮ģҶĿռҲ֮ġϾʱ̫࣬ʶ󲿷˻ͣڰǰ˧ߴھϡ
˵Ϊ겻һ˧ߣ˵ѾһˣǾôʱ䣬ܹͻƵʲô̶ȣһ˲ˡ
ڴ˵гһߣƷƷİɣܹߵʲô̶ȣ
˵׳һףһʮֻʲôʵ


580 ǹе
֮ǵ鲼ȫ磬ĸҵ񣬶Щļĸңֻĸңκšĸʵǿ
ӵʮ˸ӵʮ߸ŷӵʮ˸񣬶ӵʮ񡣵Ǹȴ
һţ־ͽ磬ǿһӵٶʮˡż߾ӵʮˡͫӵʮˣصϪǿΪƼΪ糤
̻Ƶŷ˽̻ͶĹһˣһʵǿĳ༶۷壬˵Ϊ̻ʡ
ӵһˣżӵʮˡͫӵоˡ
ŷ˵Ѫĺڰ˺ڰˣһʵǿĳ༶۷壬ѷΪڰ̻ʡ
ڰӵپʮˣżӵʮˣͫӵˡ
Щĩ֮ǰزʾʱȫĿɿڴû뵽ֻڴ˵еسǸǰ
ĴΪ˵Ļ磬˺ͺڰȴʵǿšʵϽѾĴҡ
ʵĻ磬˺ͺڰ˾ǵһ
Ĵڵڶ
ڵڲ괩Ͽ׵¡ĳǿʵƷ弶ھ൱˼ԳʵܹŵڶġǸۺʵ̫ˣʵϸոͻƵɵˣҲֻоˡʵҲ˵ˡ
ڵڻһЩţԲʿţԲʿҲֻλټϸոͻƵһҲֻĸ
һЩ壬縻ּȡ
صĵһ죬͵֪ڸǱڵշǳػ𱬣Է֯˸ֱֻҪ֯룬ûвμӵģѾ˺ܶΣҲܲμӡϵ⣬䣬ܱŵ
Ҳμ˼αӮи
ֱǳ򣬾֯Э̣Ȼ׼һ֯ȫμӵĴۺԵı
ǵһһǹеѡȫлṩǰܹдСʮ˸֯ڷֵıԵͷųʮ˸Сͷ֣ÿֵķΧǷԲʮȻʮ˸֣ͷ˽ÿڶ
ķʽܼ򵥣Ĵڵʮ˸֯ÿ֯ɳһ˸Խһ֡涨߿շУֻܹڲʮ׵ľжҪͺܸˣҪ֪е߶ȶס߻߾ǿԷܡ
Ҳ˵ҪɱƾĽǹеⲢһ׵飬Ϊ֮ʵˡǱͫҲܹ߷ɣҲܹƾԼʵҶʹǹеȵǹеͼȻʵԽߵķӦҲԽ죬ٶҲԽ죬ܹռһЩơ
αҪĴԪףŵ糤Ҳ˵Ĵ͸ŵ糤֮ıƴ
ڽصȴų꣬չؽһǰ㱨ɫһ㶣û뵽˻𱬡
Ҳ˷ܹ·Ӣ֣ǳҲڴСʱѾ۾ǵĹ㳡֮ϣʱڹ㳡ھǵĸ϶һĻ˸ǹеֵν˵Ա
ʱеĴĻ϶һ棬Ǿǹ㳡ʮ˸˶Ѿվ˹㳡֮ϣǵ߰ڷŸǹе
·ͫߺڴڣǰ޴Ļ
񣬳ڳˣ֪ʲôʵʱѾһͯԵʵ
ҡҡͷ֪ʿ²ֻһס
ţͯͷҿ˵ǹеǳظߡ
ֳЦݵǹеΪǵһˡֻβμӱĿűͫرŻƼϪҪֻ֪ʹǹеͫķӦٶȺͿҲ񼶱ܹġ
㳡Χվˣÿ¥Ĵں̨֮ϡ
ͯսͽſһ·ţͯս̾Ϣһǵμδ峤Ҳ֪ǶˣǴˣ
Ҳ̾һǰ뵱Ǻʹɣص˶ͬľ硣˧ڣȴѾһˡ˼ǵΡ
ͯսĿ˹㳡ϵĳ꣺֪ʲôʵ
ֻ΢ҡҡͷû
һ̨֮վһˣȴصӣѪ˵Ĵ˹ٷңӡȷ̵Ĵڡ
ĦͱʲƷѾսͯΪ쵼ڴáΪ糤ΪԲʿŵʱվڹ㳡ʮӢеȻͰʮֵӣǺ⼸ҲϧȻһѡһ̨
ʱڹ㳡ϵĳͻƵ񣬾̨ϵӣ˹ٷҺʹҲֱͻƵʵֻǲǸŵ糤ûʸμӱ񿴵ԼĶֳѾվ˺糤ƽ̨һжȻһս⡣
ǲóֻǸŵ糤ˡЩܹΪӢҲǵʵҲͨǹеɻȡǲΪǹеǿ


581 Ψ
ӣʮ˸ʵǿϪ糤ǻƼӦܹδĵһɣ˵
δӿڣһԵ˹ٷҵ˵ǱǹеǱʵǹеҾûܹøá
仰һڻһߣ˹ٷȴǲмɨһǡ
֪ڴλڼӵĿڳϣҪ˵ڳӡľӣΪŴٳε˴ᣬԻѹ׽硣
β˹ٷҿڣҲҡͷǿڵҲ֪ŵڼȷλǰ档
ǹͬʱĿ
ǰҺԹҲ
Уǹ̫ã˹ٷҲм˵
㳡֮ϡ
Ѿʼǹ˫ַɿ趯ţܿһѴڣʼװڶڡʮ˸˷ǳĬؾ㶼ѡ˴ڡΪڵʮ־ˣǴ͸ˣĿ֮󣬻Ŀ֮ڱըƻ侪ˡ
Ļÿһѡһдÿһѡǹľ˳˵ԱҲڲͣؽ˵š
û뵽ĳҲǹһǹеרҵˮƽһ˵Ա˷ܵ˵
ǵȻϪ糤ǻڷӦٶʮ˸жǶĴڡͨǹеҲǹе֣ٶЩǹеԭ׾ͳΪרҼ𡣡
ôװɣ
ôףʵͰǰ
ѾʮŸǹϣҲҪǹףһûпʼǳڸʲôѵǹ׼ѡһѣĻڱȡúóɼ
ʱվʮܴڵĸǰÿÿǹеṩʮԹѡֲж顣ʱþһϸϸɨÿһܴڣѰʵÿһܴڶǾװģԳǹе˽⣬Щǹеװûдﵽĳ̶ȡ
һɨʮܴ֮󣬳겢⣬ʮܴȫжѡʺϵװҲװһĴڡ
Ҫģ޸ڲһЩȻֻ΢С޸ģȴܹĳ־ܹǹһ̨ס
ҪԲʮֻװһܴڿ϶ķǹܷȣҪȴʱ䣬Ҳ˵ÿҪܴڣΪ˱żȻ¹ʣÿ˶ѡװܴڡʱ󲿷ѡֶʼװڶܴˡ
ʱѾھѡԼҪȻ˵һܴڣ˿ֻһһƬһھͱֽ⣬еǰһž޴ϡ
ǶһΪʱ˶Ŀ۽ڴĻϳд֮ϡ⵹Ϊ󣬶Ϊֱֻгһվﲻе˶Ҫ֪꾿վʲôȵһܴڣȻ˼Ŀ⣬ڴģпЦġ
ǳһȴеˣ
ڸʲô
ղšʲô
ղڲǹ𣿡
㿴𣿡
ûͿֶһ¡
ֿʼǹˡ
ʱ򣬳ѾӵһܴѡԼҪɨϣȻ˵ڶܴڣһ

֧ڷֽˣɢ䵽ϣ˫ַɿؽҪѡŻһɨʣɨ˵ϣ˵ܴڡ
ڣͯսӿЦǿ֪жװǹ֧ˮƽûһ⡣
ͯս˵ӳ᲻õαĵһ
⻹𣿡ͯսмɨ·㳡ϵʮ߸ѡֵ֮кܶʵȶӳǿ۵ǹϿ»ûܹӳ
ڡ
ͯһۣ˵ж¶֮ɫȻ˵ǹеˮƽǳľٶǳ˵⡣
Ԥϣ͸˵ˣرЩͱ֣֮ͫ⣬ŶԳ궼һӺͲ²ǵǿǹеҲΪܹʤǡϾֻһʮꡣܹʵ񾳽磬Ʊ򲻻̫ǿ
ǳıֱЩ˴㵣ƾֲжǹ֧ˮ׼ǹԴˡⲻһɫ
ܹڴڵ˶Ǹĸ߲㣬δȻûκνƷÿ˶֪δش
Ϊδĩս֮ĵһȫµۺԴһȫֱȫʮڵڹۿֱĸ˵һôڵǸƱػӮȫߵ׷Ȼд߼ǸǸͻԳԽٶȷչ
ÿһʵ̫Ҫˣ
̨֮ϣӣѪ˵Ĵӡȷ̵ĴͬʱĿ˹ٷҡǼ˵ڻǹõ𣿡
ȡˣ˹ٷɫ˵ǹһͻǹ
ǾͿɣӵ˵
˲ʮʱͽʮܴȫжʱܴڵ˵ĿⶼۼڳϣǹˮƽҶʶˣʱҶԳǹˮƽʮڴ
λڣǹˮ׼Ժʵˮƽû֮һ˵Աø߿˵ţֱͲǲǹΨ
ǰֱԺκһһ˵Աͬ߿˵ʮڴǹǲֻ֪һֺһڴɣ
ڸʲôǸ˵ԱͻȻЩ͡


582 
㳡ϡ
겢ûǹǴȡ˴СͺŲͬʮﱵǰųһš
Ҫǹ̨֮ϵ˹ٷ۾ȻĿ͸¶šҪ֪ܹǹ͸ǹ磬ǹҪǹĽṹӵ˽⣬ﵽϸ΢ĳ̶ȡʲô˶ܹһﱵǹģǲὫǹĵøãǹķˡ
ǣ굱ȫȡﱵڻȡ
Ҫǹͯ˵һͦ
Ҫǹ˵Աں˳
ͯսһۣһЦӳͷˣ
ʱѾһȡһﱵָͬϻǯһ㽫ع̶סеﱵ˲Ӱֻ¾ͷһеﱵҲڷɿĻȡ
ʮ룡
ʮʱ䣬Ѿϵȫ޸һ顣еֻǴһ£е£¡Ȼһֽʮﱵ
γӦÿʼǹˣ˵Աӿܵ𣺡ԽԽڴǹˡţ̫ˣҵ඼Ҫˣ
ǿһ˵Ա˵Ѿа˸ѡֿʼǹˣʮŸѡѾڶǹβǶѾ˳ǹٶȣǹ֤ͬǹٶȣܹŵڼ
˵ܹŵڼ
ҾܹǰʮɡϾһǹ
أţóܹŵڼ
ǰɣ
ˡ
ȫʱ㾲е˶Ŀ˴Ļϣۿųꡣ㳡ϸǼžһƬ
˫ͬһ㣬һָӯͬһʮָ赸
룡룡ۣ룡˵ԱվŲӺ룡ֻ룡ǹֻ룡
ֱ̫ˣ˵һ˲䣬Ѿһ֧ǹѾʼ֧ǹһ𵹼ʱ


һ
ɹˣܹ˾룡룡ɹ֧ǹһڵĵһֱ漣ֱ񼣣һ𻶺֣
꣡
꣡

ǹ㳡ΧĹںе˶ںȫ粻ĻǰĹҲں
ڴĽͯսһۣ³һĿе˼ʮԣ֪
ڡ
ͯȻЦúܿģȻʱѾڻڸ磬ǻˡ
ҺŵɫЩÿһʼǹģȴ˵һƾͷܹȫ򣬸һȵˡرһЩųĿ֮ĵ˸ɫЩءЩӿǴ˹ڳ׵飬֪Ŀ׻ӽǹַܹӦʮҪǲܹһôľԼ
ʱƥأҲܹȫˣһܹشӦˡ
ѵػûĥĿף
Ȼⲻܣ
ôڳ˿һ뵽Щ˵жһݣԳ׵øӽ
̨֮ϡ
ӣڶԴĿ˹ٷңʱѾҪˣ˹ٷҵɫѾǵͨ죬һ㬵˵ֻǹˣζǹ׼
Уӵĸذͷ˹ȥ
ѵΪܹǹеĵһ˹ٷЩճŭ
ӣʹڶĬǹһǶģһǿԿ϶ڷԲʮĿռڣҪӦܵٶȺͿǹٶȣжĿûеȵеɱҲſˣȻͻᱻɱǹŵ
һϳ겢ռƣ˵ݴ˵ֻʵżʵڲ˵лбͫأ
ע˳괦ơЩֿͫԲںνڵԪΪǱ̲ͫصԪҪ̫߳ࡣһѾڲ֮أÿİȫ⣬ȫȥɱˡ
ĴУһ˼ɣһȫ޹˼ɣ˵˭õʤ
˵ЩͫǹУķǿЩͫ޷һǹ
Ҫ
һǹУǹǹоǹʮǹ
ЩǹٺãѵһֱһǹҪ֪ЩƤеϱ鲼ףôҲʮǹʮǹܹɱģֱӽ׵۾
Ǻ
˵һﶼףοֻҲǶڵϵڿзɵġģСģʵذΧм䣬ﻹ˵׼Ϲǹܹ򵽣ܹ򵽣ȴδܹ
£ԪһǾ޴ģҲЩѡϿĿ顣£Ȼû˿óꡣĸҲֻܹս͡
㳡ϡ
ʮ߸ѡֶȻֹͣǹЩͫҲ⡣ʮ߸ֱֻͫ磬˺ͺڰˡȻ˻Ϫ˵ѡǳ̻ˣڰ˵ѡǳ༶̻ѷ
ʱĿҲֻ˲һ£Ȼֿʼǹıʮ־ޣǻܹʧǷǳԼƣǵãһǹ֣Ҳ


583 
ⳡʤؿɲǹһʮֻʱҫۣȵ֮쳹ȫһ磬˺ͺڰˡ
âǰ˳£ʧԲʿѸͷչĻᡣǹˣȭͷа¶ģıûпʼһҪʤ㣡
ûΧĻɫרעؽڶװϵУȻս磬һڷϣ֮ͿʼڷŵУеĵж˽ȥ
ΧĻҲؾ½½µʮ߸ҲǹϣװУԪռڴŵС֮˸˶վŬԼ״̬
һӣɳʮ˼ֱɻʮ˸ѡʮ˸ַȥ
ʮӺ
ʮ˸ѡֶڷ֮ǰ͸ܹؿצ
򿪷ֻʮ롣
ж˴ڣ׼ͬʱһԪһл˫ȳ˹ȥ˫˲ʹһȦѾǰ׼
׼𣿡һʵ
ţͷ


һ
򿪣
ǸٵĿڳǰķ־ʹһһ˶ߵĿӡ
Ӹһ򿪣С˳ÿԼа׳ҡ
顭
ǹ죬Ŵ׵׼ֻ۾ȻǵﱬըѾ˷ڣ
վһǸһӾɵˣ⡭ǹҲ̫׼˰ɡֱֹرգŴзӦ˹ȻĿ˷ڣѰųΡ
һڣͽ֮ʩչ˳ҪʩչߵĹǿʩչͬʱҲԼľ˳ȥֻֻһľһ뾫ǻǹڡ
ľûܹ֣ʱľѾʵµһصǸ߶Ķ֡
һһľΧеһľеٶȶû꽫֮ʩչ֮Ŀܡ
ʵܲģһ뾫ڴڵڿڣʱԸı䴩׵ķһǹԼǰ䱬ҲܵĿ϶
žžı䴩ڵй켣꿪ǹٶȲˣǹ׼ĸӵؾˡٵ˶УÿһŴڶ׼ÿһֻ۾֮УȻԴбѣһͬһصȥ
ԭſڴŹ㳡ϴĻĽͯսȻվֱӣ˽ҲƲסеľȣһʱ֮˵
ڡ
ͯһվɣص˸Ǻ˳ڹ㳡ϣеĸԱغ˵ı̫ˣе˶ʼ
ȫʱѾûй磬ûзɫе˶ľ޵ıּѪڣ鲻Խغš
̨֮ϣӣʹڶ˲ȥ˹ٷңһһ˲˲ضŹ㳡ϵĴĻ˹ٷҸɫ԰ףıػǵ
Ѿʼ˫ֳǹһֵֻĵд֮һֵֻĴھûм϶˴׵ͬʱڷܵͬʱⵯеĴȻڿжУװУȻؽס
һĶеĹڿô񫣬ú죬رһЩǹеԣѾƲסԼʼۻ
һСʱʮ˷ӣһƬʬ壬ֻгһվ˷ڡ
ľռɨһ飬ûзлŵŽ˫еĴڴӶȥѾһӣ껹û߳ȥɽĻѾ˽
һȥӭۻȺ

Ⱥӿ̧Žȥ
ʱȫѾȥעʣʮ߸ѡֵıһܵ˴ߣƿ˴쵽˴غ
Ǹǳ˻ֵĺһУһĩ֮״ȫУɻԼſڶ˹ھʲôܹ˼
ʵ˵Ѿھ˶ǶΪõھһǻϪȫû뵽ǳꡣ
ǳõھȴǼΪϪֻǸոճ׽磬˶ϪʮİԶûжԳϤǳƣοڻѾ˳ĸˣ˷ܺͼǱ޷˽ġ
Ϫڶӷ߳˻ֵĺסΪЩֵȺǱģȻʹӴĻϿ˱̧еĳꡭ
һѡ½½شһڳǶӴĻп˳꣬˱һֻֻоĳ꣬׷ų껶Ⱥ
˵ͷԼеĴڣȻҡͷɪŴĻϵĳֳ꣬һ˿ԹûһˣĻһЦݵĳȴһʹᣬ谭ļƻ
һҹȫľƾ϶һգȻĩ֮ƳľƾζܲãǼѾ˼ɲЩҪĲǿζֻҪƾйе˷ܣ
ɣ
ڸĲڣҪԱһ𣬻Ȼ߲ҲǺ͸һףһ磬ϼ彫δĵгΪһ̵Сˡ


584 ڶ
ҲóԼأĩ֮ǰİ׾ƣȻʱʣµĶʮǮİ׾ƣĩȴζİ׾ơ
Ȼʵ߲ˣĩ֮ǰ⡣Щ߲˺ⶼ͵͵ʰãҲΪ֮ǰһֱЩڴԪռ䣬ûв˿ػɡ
ѾܾûгԹ˼е߲˺ͺȹѾζİ׾ƣһȵöġ
ǵŵ˴׷ζʱЩѾ˫Ŀ侫⣬ﻹ˿̬
ϯ֮󣬳óصĲҶ̵ʱմﵽ߳ȫûһֵķ緶ҲûһͳķȣһֶŲ豭һһ̴ּڵţ񫡣
꣬ûЩöһ
ϵҡͷЩ߲ˣʳĵν֣ɽҲܹǲܹ¶ֻ̾ƾ͸ˣЩһһ
͵Ҳ˷֮һ£ʹʹˡһֱֺ嵽˰ҹ˲ɢȥ߳ŵʱﻹһֱţþûôˣ
ڶ졣
ʼһֵĴ˵һֵǹе̭ȥˣѡֻʣʮˡʮгϪ˺ѷǱͫµĶȫһۺԴһ̭ȥ˸ˣڶֽ̭ȥʮˡ
һ̭ȥ֯ͻûʷУǽŬΪһ͵ߵˡûǰ˸̭֯ʱһȻ
һֱȱڶֱȴ߱ʵڿ֮ǰίỹ֪ͨ겻ʹÿסȻͷͬ⣬аҪÿףñ𣿡
ڶֱÿѡҪնɱһֻ򼶱ޣ޿൱񼶱ߡ
һֱΪ֯һĻǻ˴˼ͬʱĳҲΣ򼶵ȼͲܹ̫ˡҲܹ̫ˡĵȼ̫ˣͲˢȥʮ˵ˣҺֱܻܿӱɱֱ
ǵȼҲܹ̫ˣȼ̫ˣҶɱףͺѴʱϷֳʤͺñһʮСһʮ׳бһֻϣѷֳʤ
ԣջ޵ĵȼҲ൱ȻͿʼץЩޡ
ûǣǸˡԻڷֵıԵֿٳٸСͷ֣һøַ򼶵ޡ
Ⲣûжѣÿ죬޶ԾǷһʱϵѾܶˣҲԤʾĩպƽԽԽˣԽԽΣˡ
Щ޴Էַ˹ͼƷ֡˾Щ޹ʱ򣬽ִһѷ죬Щ򼶱޷ŽȻ档ڰʱץ˲ٵ򼶶ޡ
ʱʮѡ־ͷֱվʮСͷڵ棬ʣµʮѡַʮ磬˺ͺڰ˵ѡֶǱͫûѹˡ
ûѹľǸĳ꣬˵ľ˵ʵѾ۷壬ɱһûѹοʵ۷壡
ȻǴҵĻͣĻ͵õ˳͸ʵѾﵽ
Ҳﵽ弶۷塣
֮һ̶ţļһȡǾЩһҲûȴ߱ΣձԵϵӮͻƣҲֻǱǸһǶҪһԡ
ʱÿСͷڶһޣϢεɢţڷܲѹԵƣǿģ֪ǾԲӦرǶЩһ߾һ顣
һΪ˸õȫĹڿʵʮһ뵽ֿʼһؽУֱĳͿùڱԾĸ˵ı
ʮѡֵ߾綼ίᣬʵ͵Ŀʼһѡֹʮˡʮͨ˳ǩ˳˳
ʱȫĿⶼۼڴĻϣŮ٣ǲߡڵȴŵһѡֳ
ҵһֱ˭̭˭û۳꣬Ϊû˻Ϊһֱ̭һֱ겻˳۵˹ٷҲΪᱻ̭
һһˣһеıһ󸫡ڷһ߳׵ޣһֻۼ׵ľޣκԶʱڵıȴȱ̫ࡣλ׼ʮֳ֣ʮڶֱ
ָոһ򿪣Ǹŭ¡¡ǵͳ˹¡һײڷϣֱ˻ȥ˵Ĵ̤Ŵ¡¡죬ضΪ֮
Ǹ˵ȻʹһȦȻһ壬´Ϊ֮ѣͬһųŵڵһ˷֡
ǸֵĿвûбպϣǸֻһ˴СǸҲ岻ˣǸӾΪѡһУҲôӳȥ
ߵһ֣ξͼʱǸַغˣ˲Ѿͷ߶ȣ˫˾޸ݺݵű۾ȥ
ڵ˵ıͷһƫ顱һǱ޸ݺݵ˱֮䡣


585 
顭
ߵα˻ȥݺݵײڷϣ漴һһر˻ű˹ȥǸʱѾסΣһͷſ˴Ǹҧ˹ȥ
ߵĿû˿ĻңȻɲܿƵűĴȥԼΣ˴󸫺ݺݵسűһŷĴȥ
𡭡
һŭ彫ߵͷϵļⶼ˱Ρ
顭
һ˱һŴ֮ϣ˫۱÷飬һղסеľ޸һα˳ȥһ׼嵽ֵʱѾڿһת˹˫ڷһ̤ȻϥжһȻҲ˳ȥȴûôң·ȥ
顭
һ䵽棬˫һţξǸֵĿӳ˹ȥ
ಡ
δӿӳ˳ȥϲ԰ף˫΢΢ֻ첲ϵļⶼڼٵֻʩչУȴĴԪԵģŷָţҪҰ⣬ɡ
Ƕһȫ綼һ
ʱȫʶĩպƽٵĿֲƽԶδһһһ򼶶ıǰֻ֧оĶӡ
أ
ȫܹж
һߵݲűȫϣԭǵлǳִֻ߲ܹΪĹܹĴˣЩ߳ɱںսĵһߡȻЩͨ˵úܿ࣬ȴûΣաְȫЩΪӮõģӦõõǷ
ͬʱҪΪߵҲÿһ˵ֻ֪ߵԽ࣬Խ࣬ǵõݰȫŻԽá
ڶѡһƷɫˣɫʮأŴ󽣳˷֡ҲͬǿֵУӷ˳ӽȥֻǶ̶̵ĵʱ䣬ȫѾ졣
ȥˣ
ĸȥˣ

ʮȥˣ
ʮһûһֵеģ㶼ʵ̭ʮѾԴʮˡȻǶˣȴԴʱ䳤̭˭ʱԽɼԽãʱ̵ʮ˽ᱻ̭
Ǳûнʱû˱̭һжڴ֮
ˣûһֻնɱʻشȫģⲻǴҪﵽĿġ
ǰ˸߿ʼ֣ЩҲͳǩλ
һľǻͳ񣬴ʱʵѾﵽ۷塣һսһ֮ڣűӵ˽ȥμӹһֻ׳ĴȵʱսйĴȣһѪۡ
ʮҪʱ䣬ֻҪֻܹɱͿˡȡζеսͣڱйΪ˵ΪĴĥֻ
ΪֻͺѹȻ涼ѷ죬ȴûֺ
ȥСʱǱڽѾ˺۵ıһԴӴ¡¡صڵϡˮشӷ˳
û˻еֻ𾪡
һĸնɱһ޾ȻҪСʱ߳ĲҲҡҡλΡ
⻹ֻްȫϵж٣
ڶ߽˷֣ڴڣ·˹һԵĿص˵Ǹּ峤ܱܲٶȿһЩ
غԼƲҡҡͷ㲻˽λ壬ǳšŵáһѡսʽ
ʲô·˹Ծſص˼ѡͱӲӲ
ţһѡģ
·˹ưưǿɲһظð
˭˵ǣһƲƲ졣
ʱ򣬿صѾȡԼĴ󽣣˷С
Ȼ
صһ֣ξͳһѴҾͳű˹ȥ
ž
ǰצһӣһǿͼ˹ʱﻹ˵ȥ屩ࡣһǸ޴צӴ˹ȥ
Ȼ󡭡
ͷ˳ȥͬһһص˳ȥݺݵײڷϣֺݺݵر˻ӭһűĴ죬ŷͬһֻֻҧ˹
ϾߣڿмٵļȻ󽣵Ľ⾫׼ڱһŴһ㣬η˳ȥ
ಡ
ƿյ˶βͬһ͸ֱ޳鱬˿ڿĿ˹ȥ
ͻȻһ׹ִβͷƤ˹ȥȻûвǼӶĿȴͬһ㣬ͷƤȥһ㣬ֻ˲Ѫ忴
顭
һܼش򱬿һֻǰצɨ˹ζ档
֮£һεһ˱ǰצ
顭
οοɲӯͬһųŵڵһ㱻ȷ˳ȥһȳȥķֺԶûײ֮ϣԼڿзɳȥң
¡¡
ֻͬһСɽһ˹˵ɫǳ˿ѧˣһ嵽˵棬ű˹ȥȻȻڱĸй


586 
սʽͺһģΪΪеտʼļεֵĹԪĵù󣬶ͷϵѪڲͣѪӵز㡣
ûаֻɱѾֲסˣֻ÷նɱγ˷֡Ȼһֱ̭ȴǶˣ
Ļ֮ǰȫʱɫʮֵأǶˣͬĿֻҪͱ沫ɱͻһܵĽ
ԭһ˼ζУʮֲмһһõŲȡķʽ
ӦѹķʽҲӦɱķʽ
ǵǸǿ˿Ľһвмʧˡֻʣǣģ壬־塭
ȫ綼һּž֮Уּž˳أص͸
սˣ
ĸսˣ

ڰ˸սˣ
˸е߸ȡսʽҲɹĥ˱ֻпʧܡȻƷǳᣬֻǲȥһͷƤּѸٵؽ͡
˾ʣʮߣϪ˽̻ʳˣڰ˽̻ʳѷ
ͣ弶ļʹþĻǾԶԶسʵڳ걣֤þĳŵ£ίŰѳŵλá
Ϊˣ糤Ȼǵһ֡е˶Ǿһǳ꣬ǵһִĹھؼǰЩ˰ѱī˰ɣ
ǻˣȫ˴ʱԳڴʱе˶̫һܹͱսվһսѪȴ
껺սŷȥԵ˾ų֪꣬˭꣡
˸źͳȴʮͬһӿĵºӡ
Ŀɨˣоеĳأһ˿˿ĵȱʧ
ˣ
ɾ̵ʱڽڵǸУܹȫġ
Լɱֻɻԡ
Ǿɣ
һվ˷ֵǰһеս
Ǹʲô
е˶һ㶣ѵҪֿȭȥֻıս
ôܣ
ǰѡҲζСʱŽɱһ͸ҳֿȭͱս
⡭ⲻ
ǸѾ˳꣬ƴײŷ֡
񡭡
վڿ׶ڵһų꣬Ͱ͵˵ʵǲľٶո³ˡ֣ͼȻ͵ƣͻȻʹһȦϵ·ϡ
ǳ֮ӵӿһлֵǱٵͨ
͡
̨֮ϵ˹ٷ̲סЦϺε¶ż˵سǻȡ裡ȻҪֿȭ
ӣʹȻûлӦ˹ٷңȴҲüͷŴĻϵĳ꣬Ŀ¶⡣
ϪŴĻϵĳ꣬ɫû˿ı仯ûкͳʵϽ֣Ǵſףȴ֪Բһçײ֮ˣһаա
˺ѷĿ˸һ£˶Ҫͨһսʵ
תͷǸٵͷǸɫһһťһť˲䣬ϾͻῪһһ˽Ŀ׶ͬʱҲͿʼ˼ʱ
ȫʱĿۼڴĻϣֿȭľٶ̫ˡÿ˵ֵģڴ
󡭡
ǵĿУڰťһ˲䣬Ӱʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֡
ֻ㼸ʱ䣬ӰڳֵʱѾڱ֮ǰʹһȦƫƫһֻȭȴСһȭͷҫĿĽâ
顭
ͨûзӦһֻȭͷͺݺݵغϡ
ǳǴͨһеʵԭѾ൱ļǳ֮ǽʵ弶֣ǱͨĵӸǽʵһȭ֮һֵֻܹġ
һȭֱӻ˱壬첲˱壬Ǳ̫޴ˣ߳˶ףбļⱣŵ³ֱ֧۶˱ǰأҲûйࡣ
ǡ
ȴֳһ˿Цݣ˫ڱǰһߣα·ķָȥ
𡭡
˵ıӵǰصѪŭų걼ٶ̫ˣֳĴֻһ͵˳һֻǰצųССɨ˹
е˶𾪵ȫֱڸվ㳡и˶˫ȭŵúΪ֮ͣ͡
顭
һ죬ȴǱǰצɨ˳꣬ûɨУڿһͣиѪ
һǴӱڴ˳һȭȻûй࣬ȴǽͽ࣬һǴӱдŰڱըѿ
ಡ
δӷϵĿ׶˳ȥȵ˵档δֿ׶˲䣬ʱֹͣڴĻʾʱļ
롣


587 븴
顭
һڱը죬Ѫӱڿ񱼶׵Ӵһ൹ȥ
顭
һӱڴ˳ǴʱıѾû˷Ӧصˤڵϣҳһӡ

ž
ȫ綼һּž֮С
һλðظоÿ˵лصǰʵ
롭ȷӦľǷǳְҵĽ˵Ա룡Ȼֻж룡һıǳֿȭֻһȭ
̫ˣ
Ҵʱ֪ʲôݳҲ֡


ı񣡡
䡭
ʱе඼ӴͰ𾪷Ӧ˹ХһĻֱе˶ò֪ʲôܹǴʱ飬ֻڲͣغ֣񡭡
Ǳѹֵ̫ˣѹֵһ緢˳ˮӿֱ˻ߡ
˵ˣһֱԳ겻ƫ˹ٷҴʱҲԵ˻š
Ϫ˺ѷûкɫһв˵˵ٶҲ̫ˡϪаտ꣬˺ѷȴûʮֵİաһͫʱһ񣬶һֻһԼö
СҲ̫̬ˣ˺ѷаš
ͣϢеĿⶼۼڴĻϣֳһΰӰǶһ
ʱվڷǰгž޴ѹ
ı̫ˣͬǹеһؾޣ־޴ѡ־޴ѹ·ܹоȫ۾ڴ
ûͬбԼͳʱ̫󣬻һΣ
ζķʽͲҪȥˣǶǸˡ
һ¶˾ģһҪ̵ʱɱ¹ʮֲңҪɱߵĽҫ
ȡһѴ󽣣Ŀ˷ڵıĶܹʧ̾ϢǹڿȡʱʧȻÿ˵̾ϢСǻȴ
ܹѴֿȭɱһֻıûаգһնûС
顭
µһƬϵȻ˳
˻
ȻʹһȦ࣬ϵ·ѣеĴâ
΢΢ƫͷŲԶǸٵͷǸٵָͰ˰ť֮ϡ
顭
´Ϊ֮ѣͬһڵһس˽ȥеĴקһâ
顭
һĴ򱬿˶צɨ˹Ѿ˶ʮೡĶѡôû׼
ڿлһߣضһצűǰλüȥ
𡭡
һŴͬһڶһҧ˹ȳĿȴͬ쫷һ㽫ζЩҡΡ
ಡ
ѡֵб˳ȥ
ǲ
˫ݵҧоҵ𵴣öѡ־һ亹ڿһԽ˱ͷ˫սűͷݺֲȥ
𡭡
оվͷϣһŭȻһ˦ͷѡֵͱ˳ȥһֻڱͷ­һһѪۡ
𡭡
ŭˣҡͷβһִβͬһ޴ĸֱ޴˿Ŷѡֳ˹
ಡ
һβ֮ѡȻӲͬһŸ߿մ˳ȥȻշһͷͷ½ϵسűͷ­ȥеĴ󽣷һ
𡭡
һһֻǰצŶѡ˹ȥ
ζѡûٶ㣬ܹٶˣҪͱӲӲֻǰצҪȵǰʱ򣬶ѡȻ˫Ƚգһ˫ͬһݺݵֻǰצ˹ȥ
䡭
һ죬ֻǰצֱӱѡߵһ嶼Աһᣬһ˲䣬ѡֵͬһ֦˱ţһ󽣺ݺݵز˽ȥڵԪ˳Ŵ󽣷ӵĽ˱ࡣ
𡭡
һֻǰצȻڱǰصĶѡĻ˹ȥ
顭
ѡ˫һ߱ǰأα
ۡ
һѪӱǰӿ˳
ಡ
ѡֵδӷֵĿ׶һȵڵϣֻӴ¡¡ˤڵϡ
һʮ룡
Ļʾѡɱʱ䣬û˻ǶҲûлһʮĲ̫ˣ̶̵ʱڣ֮ʵ̫˲𻶺
ѡһ۴Ļϵʱ䣬ҡҡͷĬĬ˴󽣣һȥ
ǵλŷˣõʱȶѡ롣ͬûл
ֿͬȭֱֳУһֶӣùڱֳĬ
ļѡϳѡֱַʮʮɱı
Ҫڳ֮ǰԻɽХһĻȴû˿ÿ˵Ŀ⻹Щ졣
꣬ļˮƽ
˼ҳòã˼ҳֿȭòã
˼ҳö룬ʮ룿
ļҲûɴͷĬĬߵһߡǵûжãΪ弶Ŀˡ
Ҳûʮߵ룬Ȼʼӽ˳弶
ʱеĹжˣȻֻȴԺͱ߲ܹͬԽսġһʱ֮䶼
˵һȥ븴ɣ
ðҲôģ


588 д
Ҫȥ븴磬ôģ
һҪһ£ҾʵӦǿ
ǿҾøܿͻᳬ硣Ǿ븴ˡ
ȫ䷢еľ븴磬еľ磬еľˣеľڰˣҲٲҪ뻪ҺͿ壬Ҫ߾ͷǳˡ
֮ǳضݣܿͼžΪʱˡ
ΪĻ͹ȻֻĵʱɱֻѾʮֽӽʱ䡣
žֳ˲ΪͫҪˣе˶ûмʶ֣ͫ߳һ鲻ɼ
һĹ˵Ľ̻ʳˣ˵ҲûȡֿȭһͫñǾ̫ˡ
һ˵ӵظǶҪͫ־ȳǿ١
ɵսڷǰһԵǸٵ˵ͷǸٱָ˰ť
ಡ
˵ξʧԭأⲻͨ似Ǵؿ죬ʵ̫ˡøǸӦ˱絶ֻͷϡ
顭
𡭡
һҵĺУ˶ͷ­ȻһֻԱСòܹСеĵط˲ѿһ϶Ȼǵ϶ͱֱչ˶ͷ­ͱ룬ʱѾ˳˷֣ȵվڵϡ
룡
䡭
žܾõȺٴηͫǱͫǵһٶϳ˳ꡣֱ
һƬУѷվ˷ֵǰ棬վԱߵľٵͷǸ̰˰ť
ಡ
ѷʧˣǸͬûзӦѷһȭͺݺݵͷϡ
ۡ
ȻѪֻӾ˳ѷѾص˷ֵ棬ɵվ
룡
ͬĶ룬˺ѷûзֳʤ˶ͬķʽеĹڿѪڡͬɽһ㡣
⻶Ҳֹͣ÷ǳͻȻΪǿΨһһŷȥ
Ϫ
ÿ˶ڲ²Ϫʲôķʽնɱջļӵʱ䡣
Ϫվڷֵǰ棬ϻһֱЦݣǸص˵ͷǸ̰˰ť
ţ
еĹڶһ㶣Ϫôվ
ǡ
ǾͿǸ߳׵ľ޴˵档
䡭
ضΪ֮𶯣˲գգ۾˴ĻѾĻ
룡
Ŀһ֪ʲôȻϪǸֽԶľѾ˹ȥΪвŸӵ𾪡
ǻʵ𣿡
ȫ綼һƬžΪû֪ʲôôϪվţǸˣ
ȫʱĿضŴĻΪǶ֪һĻͻز档
ȻĻϿʼزˣõͷֻͷвܹϪĶǼʹͷҲֻܹģĻ棬Ϫʵ̫ˡ
һģĲӰǵģĲӰѾ˱ľ޴ͷ­ǰȻͿϪһȳűǾ޴ͷ­ɨ˹ȥĲӰʮֵģȻͿǾ޴ͷ­ͬһתģĲӰʼŷ˻ȥ޴嵹˵ϡ
ȫʮּžÿһ˶ڴ͵ؿǰĻһһز档
䡭
ž֮ڱ˳ȫ඼ڼػš
񣡻񡭡
ûбҪ֣ΪֻһǾϪ
ڶֱ̭ȥʮˣʣ˶ʮˡ
һֱ֮һֱһʮּ࣬ˣϢʮʱ䡣ʮ֮󣬽һֱ
ʱʮѡִӵŹ㳡ȥȻڿнܹ㳡ϵĹڻϪһ΢Цûȥѡ֣Ҳûȥڣֻ΢΢һ˵ģ
˺ѷҲûȥЩڣֻƲһ˲꣬Ȼʹͻ͵һЦµĹڣϵЦʮֲãͬĩ֮ǰ⡣
ڿеʱ̣ܶίҪԴȫġֻӵʱ䣬ʮ˾ͽ뵽ãһ򣬼дᡣ
ŵ廨ţÿ˵鶼Ǽġ
һһõһɣ
ȻϪ˵һжôȻ
˽̻ʣΪܹõڼ
ǿһϪȻתߣͲѷ˵лڣȻֻܹõڶˣ
ѷ̻ʣ˽̻ΪܹõڶΪأ
ѷͬûȥˣ˵ҪǿߣһֱҲ˵úء
ߣһ
ıʮ˾ޣڵӦǽڻ˽̻ʺѷ̻ˣʵڵİɣ
ôܣЦõ˵νΪѡǸ죬Ҫ֪к֣ܶͫż˼ֻΪǸûвμӴĻᡣ˵ôŵģ
ŶǸͷԷȵļҲӦ˹ֳΣʱһʵⳡӦܹڵİɣ
˵ãһȡ¶˲õЦݡ
񣬿Ϊõ𣿡
ͿһۣӶԷпΣͿ˵þһж˵þǶ֡
þ𣿡
ᣡ



589 
ֵļдˣȫ缤ûɢȥ֮ơ˶̸ʮ֮ıԤ
صǱ˼ʮԼãֻʮʱ䣬ǳҲͻơ
ͨ
һͨѾ˵죬оûеͷӦûܹȥһܣͨİһһǿ󣬵ڶǵһһǵڶһ
֪ܹͨڼ죿Ǿʮʱͨɣ
뵽֮УȻ㿪ʼ֮вϵسͨ
һһʧ
һһ֣
顭
졣
顭
죬Ӱ֮вͣʧ֣вͣشһ졣
ͻȻмž۾˼֮Уͨİ岻ͣļʡ
ͻȻζˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
顭
죬һһ졣
ü֮¶Цݣڽͨ˵죬һƣӿͷϥڵϣȡһƬ֮Ļо׽ȥȻתǳϢ
һСʱ󣬳ӵվͨ
ʱǳڱչʮŸѡҲѡ˱չأ㲻ܹõͻƣҲҪԼ״̬۷塣
ϪҲ⣬ΪΨһһƼ߶õһû⣬ⲻĿ꣬ĿӮøɾ䡣һΪֻ˺ѷЩвܹɾӮ
һֱ֮ıƴҴίѾʮѡִ˹ʶΪҪЩ֣ڶʮѡֱƴʱֳֻʤǷֳ
һϣʮѡֶͬˣ˺ѷҲͬˡҪ֪˺ѷ
͸Ϫѣܹ˶ԷòҪ˵ԷȴҪӮøɾ䣬Ĳס
˺ѷҲڱչص״̬˱˴˾Ķ֣˭ӮʵһˮƽϡȻ˶ŵ˲ɱԷҪӮԷ˵ûǵߵĵز
ͫ˶ˣѡ־Ϳ֪ˡ
ʮʱת˲ˬش˳ʱѾϴ裬·ǵߵǱĹ㳡ʱǱĹ㳡Ѿ˸ˡ˹Ȼһ

һ˷׷ϳһĺžǵĹ㳡ʻȥ
㳡ϡ
Ѿһ޴̨̨ͨ嶼úϽƶɣֵܹⵯۻĺϽ𣬲ȡǵļ
޴̨ףһס
δӵĹΪѡ͵ʵҲҶɣֻҪγ̨ıԵ䡣
ڶǶڷеĸ߶ҲҪ󣬲ܹѡ־طɣǷɵ˸߿գڵ㣬ô
Բѡַĸ߶Ȳܹʮף̨Ͽʮ׹һߣܼγһ档ֻҪѡ岿Ǹ棬ͻᱻ¼һΣһʾʮεʱ򣬾ֱ䡣
αһһȣԭĸСʱĸСʱһʱûн˳ӡ
һֵıǳ򵥣ɺͱеĵһԵڶʮڶԵʮԴơ
ߵ룬ʽʼһϪԵڶʮǸڶʮ̨ջûиҺϪ֣Զ䡣һʼ䡣ԳǸһɫԥһ£ջˡ
ֵھ͵ʮʱǸʮû䣬һھҪԡ
ӵһʼЩһֱ䣬ŵ˵ھ˼ҲˣһǸھ͹Ҳסˣз˺ݣһ֣Ĺͬһ㣬ֻоͰѶԷ˳ȥ
˾͵һʮԵʮһԭǸʮھɾؽǸʮ̨϶ԷǸٸ̨һ䡣
û뵽Ǹ̨뷨ʵܿЦûΪԼܹսʤǸһѾˡҪܹڵʮ¼УԼҲǵʮһ
Ҫ˵ˣʲô¶ᷢ飬ĩս֮󡣵һǸʮŭˡ
ԵģǾҲǸھ
ݣһھʽȻͬ۸꣬ϻ֣лʽӮ˶ԷǷŭĵʮʽǼ򵥣ȴǼûֻ֣оͰѶԷ̨һ˲ˡ
һʮҰ˳䣬ھųУڶУҲ̫ˣܹ˲Сʱͽʮ̭ʮˡ
ùڿʮƣЩҲ˫ʵ⣬ҲûкȵʣֻǲԵعϡ
ıȻʹһµʮ˾ǵһʮίѡĵһ׷ǾǼһֵķʽбɵһԵʮڶԵھԴơ
һǻϪǸʮЦһ̨ûϣ䡣ղŰѶִˣԼȶģҲϪŭ֮½Լˡ
Ϫֻ̨վһ¾ȥˣˣھҲԥˡǳ꣬ҪԵİһļûеһĳ䡣Ҳܹ䣬Ǹˣļ䣬ǻᱻĭ


590 ֮֮
ļ̨ǵóǹʽȻ֪ǽͨڱһʼʱ򣬾ͳų˹ȥҪļʵѹס꣬ʩչͨĻᡣ
Ȼ˽ͨȴһƲ⣬ǾʽһҪо룬ֻҪԼ꣬ͶԷⲫûлʹһС
ڿʼ˲Ѿ˳꣬һȭų˹Ҳûκܣֱֱһȭ˳ȥһȭʮ൱ļڵԪӿһ˲ת죬ӳȭͷϳ˳ȥ
顭
һͬʱһǸļпʼһһɡǶԷܹƾӲɵǳҲôֻҪʹǹһУԼͲ⣬ϾԼʵȳ߳һ
ļһߣĸߴ׳˾ͬһֻܡĶʽҲһͷܣֻƴʱʹһȦֻͬһǰΧų겻ͣĻ̨֮϶Ǻصش򱬿
۳ȴͬһƬƣû֮ͶԷľ룬ͽŶԷȴͬһƬƣӯƮݣǸһ˿½ǡ
ļ˫ҡֻͬһسųĻ
ܺɽ
ǳͬһƬһƱˡ
ˡ
һ˫ƺݺݵĻ̨֮ϣ̨ǹӲһ˫ƾȻų֮̂һ˿ۼǺӴȴڿлصֹЩʵ͵ֱӱ˹ȥ
֮һֱ֮ܣҪ֮һ磬֮ѾǴԲ磬ģظоĺ滹һΪ߲εľ磬ǸҲӦСԲĲͬС硣
һ֮֮ľ硣
ܹﵽǸ磬ԼԽսž޴
ѹ
һʼԼڵԪԼʵ
̨ΧЩʵ̸о˳Ϣı仯
꾹ȻʵѹƵҪʲô
ǸļϵɫʮѿԼһļ׷һ˰Сʱˣȴ˼ҵһ˿·ûѾ˵ˡ˼ȴְʵѹƵбӶ˵
ȡ
ļŭˣһٶһ̨ףѾû˿֣Լǿʵ˳
ܵһЩѹϵɫ˷Ӷ˫絶ȴֻʵڶ㲻ȥʱƵڵһ¡
ڵõҲ֮⣬ֻƵһ㣬α޼Ѱض˳ȥ
̨֮ӰۻңһֱεĿϽֳ˾ݣΪԼסˣʱĳ·һƬƣʧǰתͷһۻͣҲһ㬵ģ֪ʱҲͬԼһ㡣
תͷȥ˺ѷ˵ɫȻû֮ɫȴҲһءȥϪȴϪһƽģ
˻
Ķæתͷ̨֮ϣȴʱĳѾʵ͵һ
һļûпϪһֱƽɫ΢һ˿仯漴ָֻƽ
磬˺ͺڰЩ׷ɫ䣬Щ˵пŲٵ߼˼;ż
Ǵʱ֪ʵһʵܹսʤļ˵ʵѾսʤˣ
⻹ֻǳڶܣûʹ˵ǸɱĹ似˵Ѿսʤ߼ˣ
ûȥǳⳡⳡӮˣҴʱҲʮǰⳡһĥ
뵽һļһҫĿֻ̨ܹ֮Ŀ
ʱǸļѾҪˣѾʵ͵һˣⶪѾ˼ˡеѿĲǶˣǾɥ
Ѿʵ͵һˣԼȴɲܹԷͲԳڷΪ޷Է˵˵ڷأΪѾʼˡ

ȷʵʼˣڽʵѹƵһ֮İСʱڣɹ֮֮Сɾ硣ȻֻСɾ磬ȴҲļ޷壬˵ļˣĻʹʱסӰ
ǳҲܹٽԼʵˣ񼶺˧һ蹵꽫ʵ͵˧ǾŰȻ޷ڵõĥԳ귴ˡ
˫絶ڿлĹ켣ͣػļϡļԼҪַصʮʵĹ㶼Էֵ˻
ǳҲżûнԼʵǽؽ֮֮ںϵ֮С
ڹȥļСʱһֱ֮֮ȴҪںϵ֮С
ֲͻΪ֮Ƶİ嶼֮⡣
س˫ڿеĹ켣ӵļѾȫĳַ֪ԼˣǰĳУǰһĳСıҪȥѵҪȵ꽫Լ̨֮ϣ
Լ˻
оԼʱ䲻̫ãҲһӡ
䣡


591 Ƶ
ļڿ䣬һ٣ͣĶ档ǸļԳ꣬ͷ̨Ҳɳ̨˻ͿԵֵˣ
ûô̬һ仰ɵ̨֮ϡ
ʲô˼㵵һԵĿ
̬˵Ƶ˵Ȼһŷ̨
Աߵ˺ѷ죬ɽĿϪϪĿ¶һ˿ͣص˵ͷȻͽĿ̨
ʲôʲô
ţȻĿҲ̨֮ϡ
ʱͺͿѾһ־ó꿴֮ǳϤĩ֮ǰд˲֪ٴΣϾǸʱֻ
ʽϱ˴˷ǳϤôƾľֻˡ弶۷塣ƻ͵ʵҪȿǿһȼı弶۷ǿܶ
֮Ǻܼ࣬ضȥ绹ûдꡣеĹڵ¸߰Ϊһ󲿷ֿĶ䣬м򶷻ʽǳʱ䵹ǳҲǺܺÿһһ㡣ⳡʵµսʮ־ʣڴ񫡣
һֱʮ֣Ͳ΢ȡʤ
ѾҪĵˣԾͽ˽ı˵㣬С
صǱ֮󣬱˵صҡͨѾܹ죬Ҳ˵ܹ
ƿиоŲͨ۷壬ƫƫоﵽ۷塣һܱŤĸокơ֮ȴûֻϥڵϣĵ˼š
һһСʱ͹ȥˣҡҡͷһָоֱӵķ˴󣬵ǾξִȴѰҲ

곤³һü֮ųӵվͻȻһҴҵش뿪ܿͳǱĴ֮ڣߴ񺰵飡
ǰһ⻪Ȼ۳ģ䵽˳ǰ¶һ˿Цݴ꣬ü֮ųʲô֮£
ҲԼһԵ齲һ顣֮󣬸ûѰ˼Ц꣬γɰ԰ɣ
ǣͷ
Ƶûб仯ܹѾﵽ˼ޡ
˳˼Ƭ֮۾ԡ
飬˼˵ƵҪ仯
ʼһƵʱоͷֻвͬƵ໥ãܹ
ǡɫЩԥ
ǾøıƵʲͬ𵴻Σգ΢Цʵ
ǣϵԼİΣ굱ȻҴţһû˵ģһ𵴱׼ãҪһȥԣȷʵҲá
⣬ǺǡЦʵƵʱ𵴲Ϊ似ģҲźܴĺô
а֪ƽʱġĻûͣͱš
ĺôͨıʣıĻ򡣡
ıĻ򣿡Ȼ
ͷʵһͫʱѾ㲻ˡ
ࣿ
˵Ѿ˱ͫˣ
ţ
ͬĻԼһǵȾɫ壬ǵȾɫѾ಻ͬ
ļٵģ𾪵ʵ
ȻġԴﵽͫʵѾ࣬ǹܱͫϵ֮Ϊ塣Ҳ˵ͫһµ壬ͫϵ塣
壿ͻȻһȻʵ飬еˡеڳʱǱͫĻǲǳǱͫ᲻ôһڣ
ȣô壬ǳ֮ʱҲܾǱֻͫǰٶȻǳ죬ʵ͵ҲǱͫΣû壬Ҳ徿治ڣǵûмһƲ⣡
ʲôƲ⣿ľһôһ壬вǾʹˡ
ǵƲ⣬ԴͷҲǵһͺܿһ硣ֻǱһ档
ͣ𾪵ôϢĳ̫ˡԴһ磬ѵˡ
顭Щǡĩջ᲻ǵһеЩɵģ
ǵҲƲ⣬Ʋ⣬ǲŵһļ衣
ɫЩ԰ףͻȻڻʢٵʱԼ˻ˣǻԼԱߵıͫ˵һ
ǻ᲻ڵһеˣ
̾ͽֺ˵һߣȻͽŵע顣鳤̾һǸҲȴһǵҲץסеļʵ飬񼶱𣬻ûдﵽͫǵȾɫҲͱͫȾɫһǻץס˧ߣǵȾɫҲˡΪЩӵĴڣ˸ղŵЩƲ⡣
⡭̫ˡ߽˵дδйĳء
ˣҪЩûõ飡˵㿴ƵʱļΡ߰ɣȥصҡ
ٴλصңһָڿһ㣬һָȻڿγһ棬ʮ־׼е֯棬˳ȻͿʼˣһʼʼǾȵģƫͷԳ˵ĲΣһɲʽϸ


592 ս
ؿķʽԼһӵʱˣ־ȵʽҲܹǾΪ̫ȣһɲ䣬ӵܿʹﵽ˾ͷ
ͺñȳܹͨӵѾﵽ˼ޡ
ˣͷ
ã㿴ڶΣ
ĻϵĻ̷˸ı䣬پȣǷ˱ƵֱƵģġŲͲȣıƵѵذѲͲںѭγ˸
˫ĿŹĻϵڵʼƵʱƵ
顭
ڷһ죬徹Ȼڵһ£ϵļ⿪ʼ˾ҵز
˫Ŀâͷɨһ飬Ȼ;վ
顭
ڵһ£ڱ֮ѪϵļѾʼŤ
顭
ͬһʬһڵĴرţ˫ĿĹâ׷ų壬ʱ׼ǿֹ꣬ɨп˳ɹķ仯
أĵĴԽԽ٣ϵļҲŤ˲ȻûǺܾңȴŤ
ԼȥһСʱվڵһϵļⲻٲһƬƽһǿϢȴ·ƽ
ͻȻʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
顭
һ죬һǿһ죡
ڽͨ˰졣
ˡ
ͻȻɢǿϢϥڵϣγɹ˵ڶ֮󣬳ͻƵļԽһףֱӴﵽļ۷塣
Сʱ󣬳۾ü֮¶˷֮ɫ
飬ٸҿε
ȴҡҡͷĵڶλû£ȲҪˡȵѵڶε뼴ľҰɣ
˼һ£ڶεȷʵܹﵽ뼴ľ硣Ҳ˵ͨ뼴ĳ̶ȣڵĳ̶ȻҪӡ
ֻӣҪӱ뼴ĳ̶ȣҪε
Ϣɣ컹Ҫμӱ
ţ
ͷеԡȥǻһʧԡһϴԡһѰ˼ţ黹֪ӵʲôܡ
ˣӦԼʵ˵Լ
뵽жԵһƲ⣬һ壬ôռӵǲǵһеЩģ
⡭ֲ̫ˣ
ĳࡣϴ裬һˬ·ص˵ϣ˺ڰҹաµ˫ЬҺ̬ϷһףȻͬһһ뿪ˡ
գǳųףչ˫ǳϵ޾ϲá
̫¶΢⣬㳡һξˣͬʱȫ߾ڹ㳡ϿĴĻڼڵӻǰעŻǵı
ֻʣѡ֣ıǵѭÿ˶Ҫʣµĸ˱ԣȻʤھųΡ
һֱʽǹھؼǹų˵Ρ
ȷսľǻֱͣս꣬ѷ˺ϪһȻǳꡣ
ʱѾվ̨ϵ࣬Զ
ڡ
۷塣ʵѾļ۷塣
Ҳϵ˾ǣʱͻҵվ̨һʮ¥ķشǰ̨վŵˣһĸףһδɷʮֵؽţʮֵظӡѾ֪׺ͳйһ˿д裬ǸˡЩӸ׵ʵҲ֪ʤΣ
磬˵׺ͳ˭Ӯ
Ŀ̨֮ϵĳ꣬¶һ˿Ц겻ʹþĻҾø׻Ӯ᲻ʹ𣿡
ӵ̾Ϣһ
ʱ㳡һƬžûۣҶ뵽һӦʹóˣ˵ʵ̫ˣǻûпﵽ񾳽ľǺεģ̨ϵ˹ٷҲһڴʱڳѾûвˣΪԼͳĲ̫ˣͲһΡ
һΣ̶̵̨ͬزһʱ֮ľ̫ˡ
񾲾ؿų꣬ɫΪûпȡɽвһѵλ׼ʹþ
ǡҪСͨˣ
ʹþҲͰˡʹþһǾͶǸˡ
ͯ񣡡΢΢üͷʵôȡɽѵǲ÷ɽ
ͯҲ΢΢üͷ˼ŵҲݺͻһ֮ʹ
ʢҡͷ̾Ϣֻ׵Ĳ죬ͲԡһСı̭ˣͶˡ
ʱ򣬳ζˣȻûʹþ֮⣬ŻƮ˹ȥһַֻ·һ磬絶˻ľ϶
ûȥһָֻųƵ˹ȥͬûжܣڵԪ۷壬ݺݵһƶǸָ˹ȥ
顭
ε˳ȥǰһ̨̤Ӵȴͬһųŵڵһų˹ȥ
һļϵɫһ䣬Ϊظ֪ɢļ۷Ϣ


593 ͻ
ͻˣ
Ϫ˺ѷҲһ˿졣
һƮͬһƬ˳ȥ˦˦а𾪡һָϣʹȻûʹǳ֮õֻͨԪǾһĻۣȻʵļʵȷʵﵽ弶۷壬ڵĻ̫ࡣ
Ե˶Է㲻ٺͻӲ֮֮֮壬ΧŻͬʱ˫絶ҲƵʩչ˼ޣͬżһ磬˷ʤ
һӣ΢΢һüͷо񲢲ܹԼ塣
ʱҲʶԼ˳壬޷ԷҲ޷ԷͽȻԪԻɴΪһ꿴Է޷Լ
ǳҲǻʾ׼ԼһͻȻϮּһӵʱ䣬һֱڷ͵òѹ֮֮Сɾ磬ָŻ͸㹻ѹܹٶͻơԣһҧһʵѹƵ
Ҳݡ
ЩʿɵˣϪ˺ѷƤӶһɫҲʮѿɫǿΪʵѹͣǳʵѹ֮ɲܹꡣ
⡭̫ûˣ
ʱĻҲ֪ǳ겻þԼҲǶԷĶˡΪһܹ־쳣ᶨģĥʯҲͬѳ굱ĥʯȻϵɫЩѿǴʱǲ̫עЩҴʱһʤ֮ģȴؽ뵽һֿ״̬ظоһ˿еĹ켣
شǰͻһۣȻʱ꾿ʲôʵȴ֪겢ûʹþ
ѵѾɳ˵ز
ѹ
ٴνʵѹƵ
䡭
ЩȺһĿ𾪡Щ˼顣
꽫ʵٴѹƣй켣ڻ͵Ұб
顭
һ򱬿˫ȭŴ󿪴ϣȭӰӰųӰܵ˾޴ѹοʼǱɽҧؼţšȴǲˣΪʱȫܹй켣ѹˣȴû˿ѹһû˿ѹ˲ʹӿ״̬˳
ĥʯҲͬѳ굱ĥʯ
һҪʵ
䡭
ȫʱͲ˿ĺ֣Լѹӵ׵似ʩչ˳˵ԪˣѾȫͷ˳ڹڿȫǱԵӣһҪĴս
еĹڵľ;رǸˣ»һȭѳΪʱѾȫơ
ǻȴûһѹ껹ûʹأѹͲȭ¡
סǡشǰһĵ̨֮ǱĴܵĳꡣ
εؿ˻һ۵㲻õĳꡣ
Ϊʲô㿴Σհɫ԰׵˵۾ض̨ϵĳꡣ
ûþòã̲סһ
ŶڷӦ˹ɫ¶ڨڨ֮ɫ
顭
ڱܲһţ̧Ⱥͻһţα㱻߷˳ȥһѪӿ
㳡һƬ
ηڿеʱ򣬳ѾʵٴΪ֪ѾвˣղҲע⵽ˣȻҲ֮֮˿龳磬⻹ǲ֪˭˭ĥʯ
еĳͻȻһƮͺټնĻ̸͡оԼּסΣֻܹ׽һ˿ƶĹ켣
ֻһ˿ƶ켣ȴץסţȫعųꡣǳѾղǱ΢һЩ˶뵽˿龳硣
Ϫ˺ѷĿһвɸ̾˻Ǻ԰
һСʱȥˣСʱȥʱ佥ؽӽ硣
ͻȻ̨ϱǿҵϢϢǴӻϱģͻƵ۷壬ͣס˽Ų̨֮ϣ۾ϵϢ̨һֳ࣬һ˿Σͻˣȴûн֮֮гɾ硣
䡭
ȫ˶ˣ㲻ߵ˴ʱҲ֪ͻˣŻĿĽ
Ȼ䣬㳡ЩǳųȥġܹڻͻƵʱ֣վһԵȴǳô˻ܻʿľٶӭ塣ڰ˵ѷһ۹˵˵˵ģ̨ͻƣǲᶯֵġ
ҪǸԵҲȫ㣡˲ʾ˵
ϪȴûȥͻƵĻ񣬶ǽĿ˾һĳꡣղһֱעų꣬ʵȻܹһֱƶ켣ͬҲܹؿȻûʵԵͻƵģȴڲͣв̾һ̫ˣѵΪǾߵԵʣ
ԼСʱң۾ʱʵѾﵽڣĿ͸¶мûгѹͱô̵ʱõͻƣųֵ
ã
顭
顭
ͬʱ̨һߣŶԷ˹ȥ˫ֻǽ˴Լҵʱ䣬͸оԼСϵؽԼʵļһִȫƶ켣ֻܹ׽һ˿켣


594 VSѷ
ûûоǣ˷̺ԥóսķʽͳ꼤ս
ͬҲʮ˷ܣ֮֮ʩչ˼ޣ̨϶һӰúܶۻң̻Ҫһ۾ȴ᲻ãһЩʵ͵ʿ˹ȥ
˵λ˭ͻƣе˵ۡ
֪˭ͻƶ̫ˣ
ʱһСʱһСʱعȥӽϣȻαøӵ£̨֮ѾĲӰһϵӰղŻڻ͵ߣһȴͻȻڻ͵ұߣмûһӰ
顭
Ƶͣػڻϣڽ֮֮гɾ硣ػûʹӿ״̬˳һ˳͸ȫ׽ټ屻ػС
ϾڣʱֻĽ۷壬ΪһԭҲֻǴﵽ弶۷壬ûȻܵ˹ȴûܵ˺ǵȵ˳˿״̬֮󣬸ȫóӵ˺ͣǿѹ֮£Ȼ뵽״̬ơ
ȴ֪ǻٽ뵽״̬õͻƣԼⳡ֮ҲѾٵõͻˣΪ͸㹻ѹοͻδܹͻƣٴȥ˷ʱˡ
ȻʼСһȦһ˫ͷųĹâս
顭
Ƶɱֱڣһ»ܲˣѪӿѾʼܵ˺
顭͵˫һ̨α㵹˳ȥֱɳ̨ڿһֵ䣡
ã깰ֻ񣬹㳡ǳʵʵӮõıȻûпľЩʧǼӲԽսջʤˣⲻܲӮ˾塣
ıֹֻͣˣΪʱѾϡԻͽսѷıֻз졣
صǱСʱȻ뿪Ǳǳ
ڶ졣
ǹ㳡̨֮ϣͿʼսڰ˵Ľ̻ʳѷǰѹΪԽսѷǲ˼ó񼶱ʵȥ۸ͣҲԼʵѹƵ۷壬ֻȻ͸߳һ㣬㻪ҲܹԽսսʤ֮ôѷˡ
һ˾£ʱɾͳˣ⻪ţ뵱ֻƾŴͨʮĹ񾳽磬ӳõһܹͨʮĹʵͻͽѷǿѹ֮н˿״̬
һ߹ͨŴľȻһ߹ۿű⽫һֱڵĴرƽƷ弶ڡ
̨ϡ
ѷͻʹѷѽ⣬ȻѷռϷ磬ȫѹ˻ͣҪܻͻЩܡ
ѷ΢΢üͷʵֻҪʵ߼ܹ׵ػܻͣ»۷壬аһлܶԷΪЩ似ֻܹ߼ϲܹʹãʵѹڣ似ʹá
ʱطֻҪͻˡһֲûѷԾϲֻҪ͵õͻƣԼͿ˳µؽʵ߼ǸʱͿԸɾһаܵС
Ǿٰɣ
ѷԼʽƵǡǡãȲΪѹûʹӿ״̬˳ҲԷѹöԷܲס˳
ͽı仯߿ᵽѷڰͣ㳡
ߵػߵķȣ
һ̣ѷдǣ⵹ѷû뵽ġѷ̨ӶӰһ˿ͼʡ
ѷ˽⣬˵Ľ̻ǲ鰡
顭
͵ڴһ죬ֹͣϵϢ
ͻˣں
ˣĽ
ǰһͫĳ벻ͻƶѣڼʣ
ڻͣµһ˲䣬ѷͣ˵һԾŻ͡͵ʵͻƵ۷壬ɻһֱڣֹͣ
۾Ŀ¶мѷʩһϵ˵лл
һг˸иţʱѾ֪Լоǵ׵ĴڣȴΪԼͻƣһֱͻƵڣջҪ
顭
ѷϵȻ˲ڣŻһֵɣ
ã
һáڿ𵴣͵Ĵž̨һ塣
ˡ
Ӵ𵹣ͬͷų⣬ͬ޺٣˫һǰһ޺ʮơ
ˡ
ѷͬһ̨̤װһƬߣѷΧͻȻɢһ˿˿ɫȴԽӵĲ԰ףķ·øߴͬ˫ʮֹ죬ͬ
顭
޺ʮƺܼײһѷ˫ڿнʮŻնȥ͵˫ֱͬۼֻΪᣬֻͬƫƫֻ̩ɽϵĻ˵ֱϡ
顭
ܼ糴ֻԼ˫Ʒ飬ͬĻھһ㡣ѷҲܣоԼ˫۱һУ޺ʮƵľ˫ۣȻѹڵԪС
޺ʮƾȻſá


595 ã
顭
ؾ޴ײû͵ĽҲסźȥÿһ¶صײ̨֮ϣҲ
顭
ѷȻͬһϷ𣬻̽޺ʮתȭе״
ײѷСӭǡ
顭
һײĺ͵屻޴˫أź󷽷ˡѷĿ˸Ĺâȫû뵽ͻ;ԼѾʹԷȻܹӲͦС
ҿһʽεֵ
ѷŻ͵׷˹ȥ˫۹ģȻ˿мתֱֻͬͬҶٵŻվȥ
顭
͵˫䵽˵ϣϿշ·һѾͷϡ
͵˫ȵץ̨ҡҰڣȴƫƫع˫۾ȻҲڳơ
ȭüëһ
顭
Ĺն˿͵ҡҰڣ˫۲ʱع
顭
Ȼ͵һ۵˼ȴֹܹ˿תٶȡͲбҡͬһֻ룬һȥܿͬһѷ˫ۡ
ǡ
Ĵ򱬿ѷ˫Ȼڿһתٵתͬһ
顭
ŷֱ˻͵˫磬ۡһ͵˳ȥһѪӿˤ̨֮ĵϡ
ְ֡
ײش˳ȥشڷ˳ȥһץס¥ȥĻŻͷ˹ȥʱ򣬻ȴվֻ˫Щʹɫ쳣԰סվ̨֮ϵѷлָ㣡
ãѷ˵漴̨Ϸ
ְ֣ڻ͵ǰŻ͡
͵ǳ鴤һµû£
ڴ£֯Żʵ㻹ܹ𣿡
͵Ȼս⣬漴ȴüͷؽĿ˳꣬Ǽǵõʿüɥǳһƿҩ׻ָԼյ˲أֻҪٸԼһƿǸҩܹںܿʱڻָ
͵Ŀ˳꣬ҲɽĿ˳ꡣһƮվ˻͵ǰɨ͵壬˫ͷϸ΢ѷ죬ڲҲ΢˺תͷŻ˵û¶ң
ȻתίǸߵҪʱ䡣
Ǹߵͷʱ䲻Լȥôڵռ
һյʱ䣬˷׷ɢȥֱӽһҽӵԼǱȻ˵ԼҪҩڻмĿ뿪ˡ
ʵҪʲôҩֻǽһƬ֮ĻŽڣһˮһ£ȻһƿھͿˡ
ʱ̫ˣԳֻʵһСʱƿ֭֮Һ˻͵ķ䡣
һŽ뵽͵ķ䣬Ӯ
磬ҩƳ𣿡
ҩƿڻǰ˻εⲻ
˫һ˫֮صлл
Ļĺ󱳵ûʲôԭҲǲˣǲҩʮҲܹá
֪ǵҩ˰ְֵ˫§úܽ
Ӧõģ΢Цˣû彫ҩ¡
ղ¶ѾԼڣʱԼڰְֵķﱧų꣬һСڵһ͵ͨ죬æɿ§ų˫֣ͷţ
ߵ˻͵ǰеҩƿӴ򿪸ӣݵ˻͵Ĵߡϵſ죬ƿڵҩ£꽫ƿ΢Ц壬˰ɣҾͲˣ
ֿͣ꣬ϾԥͿı鲻Цͳȥɣ
Żɣ΢Ц˵ЩҲҪú׼һ£Ͼûн
һ㶣۾һŵ꣬Ҫͱͫĸһ
Ϊʲô국Ц˵
㡭ͫӦǲһ蹵ɣ
Ĭó̾һֹ蹵ô򵥣Ҫһ¡
ϴȥءû
ǴҴſף飬ҵһз̫죬ʱҵʵֵ͡
Ŷ΢΢һȻһȻģ漴ɫһղ˵ͫ񼶲Ǻ蹵ô򵥣ʲô˼
ҡҡͷ廹˰ɣŴ֮ģ
Ҳã͵ͷȻŻȥɣǲҪ
ȥɣһԵĻҲ΢Ц˵ң
ְֺ͸磬ֿ꣬ص˵ͷߵ˳ĸǰֱŻͺͻͷȻŻ˳ȥ
һֱͻ߳ȥŷֹϣŷţһ̾
뵱ͳһμʱ򣬳ﻹͬһֻϣڳǰȴͬһֻϣ˵ˣĸ׻ڳǰҲһֱǿ׳ϡҪ֪ܻѾþˣƾߵʵܹܻ͡
ѵҵôѵ߲Զ𣿡


596 ȥ
вãһֱǷǳˣڵϣڳ֮ǰ֮ӣųǿãȻˡ
񣡡
͵ͻȻ𣬻һĿЩãȻתͷԼһڳݵĸס
һֱһǳˣĩ֮ǰǵ֮ϵĽе֮һȻҺͿֻϵڰźܶ֡ҺǲһǶŴУܹͨʮľߴͨʮĹУȴƾܹͨʮĹ񾳽磬ҵĽҺͬһߣҲǡҲһҲƾܹͨʮĹ˧ͱΪʵΪ
ǳꡭ
ꣿ͵˵Щǲܹȵģʵڵһμʱ򣬾͹۲ʲãԺ־ǳǿҪһֻҪ߱ʣڵһλĲʡ
ʲô
־ֻд־֮˲ܹߵ۷壬βԣʷ󡣡
־ԣʡ
ʱȳǿҲ־ȴꡣ㲻ܹһֻܹıӰ
۾սҲɢ˳ͿŻ»Ķ־۾ȴһ̾Ѿ˷츲صر仯˰Ӧʲôʲôɣ
Ǳ̨֮ϣͻ˾ӵһû˵
磬ĩջȥ𣿡
̧ͷźڰգĿ⽥رüᶨģһȥġ
ѾжûпˣҶǵģˣ
Żʧģһʹ͸һƾССңССңܹȥ⿴𣿡
ܣС͹һѶϢʵܵͣҪһŨһЩ
һӣܹоԼ˫Žżڷտڽźų塣þоһ£ӽżȥǿӽźųȴû
ӦСС˵Ũɣס˿е˳ŷ˳ȥ
磡˵ǻжòܹ¿ǣ
ھʹȥ
ǣŻվ΢Ц
ȥ
㶵ų꣬ȻЦʧӱӿʼȻߵ𣬽ɢ
磬ƭңҲܸˣ
ôƭ㣡ֹһ»ıӣȻߵı˫ֽӵ˻СС´ָף
µһ˫ЬҺ忪ʼϷͻ棬γͷ
⡭ĿףͨССҵĴ뵽ͷС
ǣ߰ɣ
˵ȻСС´ָ״ųͻǱ̨Ϸ˿Уڿлһ⣬ɳ˾ǣŸ߿˳ȥ
ǰٵ˾ͻȻһ٣ͻͣǹǹ⡣
磬Ү
Ȼ˵㿴ǵȻǿǣ
лл
ЩʣȻͲڳĻǿգˮ֪
ҲǿգбŻûоǿջڳĻоԼδҸ
ʱš
һֱǱΡŻ˳Ǳ̨ϣ»¶ӵˡ
á
ת˽ż˺촽ͷӣۡ
뿪ˣ߳Ѿ˳һϣҪٵ
ֽ뵽֮Уȥǳ賿֮ʣľƷ弶ڣ൱ż
鿴һڵĴвԾľԼôã·ûһ㡣ǲ֪ŵɱ˶پߣȡ˶پ
ҲԵ˵ʵһʮֲֿɱʵһߣԼľ˳ȡһ˵ľࡣο֪ȡ˶˵ľ
ʱЩڴԼЩˣԼľһʲô硣
Ʒ弶֮󣬳ڵľٶȸˡԼò˶þܹͻˡ
ϴһ裬һˬ·ƿ˳ȥŻ͵ķȥûеȵߵſڣͼͣͻ˴ӷ˳۾ͻȻһоϵϢ˲ͬһɨ㷢ֻʱʵѾﵽ˧۷塣
磬ϲЦеعص
ллϵ˵
ллҲ˵
ÿ˰ɣЦе˵
˵꣬ҵҩʮҸоڵԪ˺ܶ࣬ʶһЩպ֮ıԣܹҽ뵽龳磬һܹͻơ
ףˣ΢Ц˵
촽䶯һ£ĺʳǸҩûУԼԳǮ򡣵ջǷˣΪ֪ҩһ޼۵ģҳҲδܹƳ١ѾǰƿҪЩʶȤˡ


597 һ
ͺܼ򵥣ȴ󡣴׷ϼ߲ˣͳԵ鶼ʮãõ飬ǹ㳡
һӵ̨̨֮糱Ϊһ񼶱ܹսͫߣȻʧˣȴܹսͻƣⲻܲ˾塣
һӰ˵Ľ̻ʣ˲̨֮ϣ͵Ķ档
䡭
˲佫Լʵ۷壬ڵϢɢ˳˵ؿ˻һۣϵϢʼʱе˶ڹעˣһѷ߼ڵʵܻͣѷͬ˻ʲôʵܻͣ
ѷҲ΢΢۾̨֮ϵˣһǶ˺ͻαҲһѷ֮ļ˲ܹ߼ڵʵܻͣߺķѵʱҪѷܻ͵ʱ䳤Ǿͼӵ֤˲ѷ
ּӵıƴƲҪʵȴϵ˺ѷƣսǰƣʵ൱£Ѿ·硣
ԣ̨֮ϵ˲˿ӵĻᣬٶȻܻ͡ʵѹƵ߼֮󣬵ؿڵɣ
͵ͷǰںѷֵʱȺ޺ʮƣȭ״ȭ
ȭǸȭ˺˼Ūһʵǿʹø͵ȭһʮֲǵΪҪĹܹϵסԷ
ʹûʤˣֻʹ߼ڵʵΪǲϵĲ죬ʵıܹͫ˦ͺü֣ûͺʤֵֻܹһܹԼ뵽龳磬ֻҪԼܹٵõһͻƣҲʹĿġ
Եһɡ֮󣬻;˫һͬһֻ׷ҡӯƮݣڿлŶ˷˹ȥ˫չ׳趯˫ηɵͷϵʱȴͬȻ˵ͷ˹ȥ
ȴǻ似ߺ˫Ρ
ûܣȻûܡһͫһ񼶱Ҫʵѹ߼
˻
бХ˵ʮָ˺ѿֻͬӥצһץߵߴ硪˫ȵĽ
͵˫ͬûйͷһһ˵˫צȻٵǰһͻͬͷſͣҧ˹ȥ
˵˫û˿ƶ˫ȭȻͬ˴ǹһ㼲̶ߵͷ
顭
죬˵˫ȭ˻͵˫š͵ڿһ󷭣˫ͬβ˳˹ȥ˫ȭٳǹε˫ȭȴݺݵػ˻͵˫ӭϡ͵°ϰ˫צ˵ʺץ˹˼Х˶Ĥᡣ
˵ĵͬһ͵Ĵ󽣳Ż˹ȥֻⵥһϵƾȻһ䣬ͱ쳣ͬһ͵ʿ̵ͬĴʹֱֻʱֱӸеһǲһֱֻۣһ󽣣Ҳ̨һƬ͵սľΧĻþΪһ壬·һʹԽȻ
䡭
㻪͵ӯȴҲֻܲӭϡһе˳ȥصˤ̨֮ϡ
һս̫ˣмĶݹʵ̫ˣ˿ô񫣬ղܡ
ȻͰˣȴһ˶ľ壬ǶڴͺϪ֮ı
ʶѾɨ˹ȥ̾һ⻪ҪϢˣԼҪŪһƿ֮ҩ뵽ͻȻһ㶣ڷʳһƬ֮ǲܹͻƵ۷˰ɣ
Ľڳȷܹս£ίպȫĵ̨ڷزŻ͵¼߿
ȻָŪһƿ֭֮ҺҩȻǲϵڵĴǳ
峿ʹӷʱ򣬹ȻͻƵ۷壬ֻһͳΪ߼ߡ
ǹ㳡ϵ̨֮ϡ
ͺϪԶͺεؽԼʵ۷壬Ϫ΢һ£û뵽֮Ȼܹͻơ
Ҳû⣬ûŰԼΪ΢һѹ߼ڡţͳһ
ԣسŻֵɣ
ˡ
ʹһ̨źӴ͵γ˳ȥϪһ˹ȥ
ۿ˿һʲôƣǺԵĻȴоһȫʹҲֻӲƴһ·
˻
͵Ȼϵ·ѣȭͷʹһȦ࣬˿ڸоͬһӲ˹ȥ
䡭
͵ֱӱĵ̨ϣ̨رź淭˳ȥиѪ
˻
굹һϪ̫ǿˣֻǰʵѹƵ߼ھǿڻһɨ֪ҪǰһЩ
˺ѷҲһؿɬֻǴһϿҲϪһ֮С
յıռ
Ȼһæ˻һƿ֮ҩȻʵʵΪֵսѷ˺Ϫ


598 VSѷ
ʱ˵Ϫˣѷͳ겢еһΪĸ˶Ӯ˻ͣĳע塣
ȫ۷Ѿɻ͵תƵ˳ϣҶڲ²꾿ֱܹѷ˺Ϫ¼ּСһӾͷֳӪе˵ܹ˺ѷټУϪҲһаɡеȴ˵ܹ˺ѷܹУϪ»ܹаɡ
ĿǰΪֹ껹ûʹһͨҲûʹǸľֵʾͳˡ
˭ûΪӮҲǳܹ˺ѷ¸ԼʮУܳʮСϪ¼С⻹ˣѷϪʵѹ߼ڵ¡ˣѷϪѹΪıͫʵжӲס
֮Уڶıյˡ
̨ϻûˣΧĹ㳡ϣٽָ¥Ĵǰ̨ϾѾˣȫ˼Ļ֮ǰ
˶ۼһ𣬼ŵſտյ̨ɵָؽʶţϻۿӱӵؽţɵʵɣöӳּܹУ
ҾǶֻǽʵѹ߼ڣӳ϶ֳܹʮУ
ţҲôΪ
ְ֣˵ֶܹãҲֳʣ¶һ˿Цݵֻǽʵѹ߼ڣǻԿ
ʲôɫһ㶵˵ʵѾ߼
Ȼ͵ûк֣֪ûþ
һ̨֮ϣӣ˹ٷҺʹſտյ̨֮ϣʱǵѾûĽʺޣеֻǾ塣뵱һˮƽĳ꣬Ѿܹͱͫսˡ
ͯսͽҲһ˿ڣܾΪδ峤ĽŲδӵػԻͰɡ
ʱ䵽졣
Ӱɵ̨֮ϣԶǳѷ
ʱʵļ۷壬ô̵ʱűûеҩűûеǳűûеȥĻþҲõͻơ
ԥؽԼļ۷Ϣͷ˳ԳֻļϢڰ˵Ľ̻ѷû˿⣬ȻܹܻͣͲܹѳ굱һļȻҲֱʹ񼶱ʵϾ̨֮⻹￴ţ˵ǰ¶ӡ
Դʹ߼ڵʵ˳ֱʹ߼۷ʵǿʵ˳йڵĹע
߼۷壡
ӳ갡
̫ˣֱӱƳѷ߼۷ʵ
һĵһ֣
У⻹˵
ֵܹаɣ
㳡һƬЩϵĸȴһƬžǵĿⶼ̨ϵĳѷһشܹϵĶսպܶྭ顣
ΪǴʱѾѳ굱һļǵʵҲ߼
ζսڱֻͫһ¶Ƕ񾳽ĸѵһĶս˵ʵһֱû¶˵˵ǹͨûʹ
ԣϪ˵ȱͫĸҲʮֺһսǵﶼף֮һֱûͨ;ΪͱͫսʱⲻЩͫĸҲڴ
ڴԽսļ޾
ɣѷϴŵ΢Цų֡
ѷɵıԱȣıдƽһԱʵսһս˵ҪͨһսԼλ˽ԼĲ㡣
ûн̨̤Ľżһ̨αһƬһѷƮ˳ȥ
֮֮絶Ʈݵնѷ
ѷɫ˲࣬ѹʵͬʱߵĸоҲ֮½ԭ֮ǰ̨֮ۿʱ򣬶ڳ֮֮ĸоǿңԳʱ򣬲ʶ֮֮Ŀֲ߼۷ľ羹ȻܹеĹ켣
䵽˰ľ棿
ͬû˿ѷξ̨һƮ˳ȥƵնѷľѷԴ

㳡һƬ˭Ҳ뵽ѷᱻһļĳһնɱ
⡭ֱ̫˲ܹܣ
ǣЩϼȴûзһ˿Ŀⶼûһ˿仯ȵƽ
ƵһӴѷϣоһоԼѷû˿һȥնɱѷͻȻһɢˡ
ѷԭصĲѷٶ̫ˣ̨һֳѷΡ

㳡һƬͬʱÿڵҲѷȻֻǽһУȴǿ˾ϵĲͬ
䡭
ѷֱӽԼʵ˼ҲͬʱԼľͷ˳ȥֻ̨˲䣬ѷһٱ¶š
֮֮
һγѷǰѷüë΢壬˼ɲܹΣһƮһȥȥͬʱϵһαʵż
üëͻȻһΪ˳Ѿǰ̫Ԥˡ̨֮ϵԼĲûʧôҵԼ


599 
ʱȻѾܹй켣˳˫ڿеķ򣬵Ǽ֮޷ʹȫҰӭ˳˫ơ
ʱĳѾ֪ѷʵżڣֻʹĻȻɵúͶԷӲƴ
֮֮
Ѿѷ󣬵˺󾱡һֻ߱˿ųѷͷҲصһʽߣͬһѾ޴˳֮䡣
ͻȻֳѷ࣬һⴸѾǰײ˹ͻȻҲࡣѷϥѾײ˹
βͣسѷΧȴÿζԷʶй켣˷
˳Ѿ֪ԷȫܹԼй켣ǳ겻û˿ľɥ˷ѹֻֽȵѹܹõͻƵĻᡣ
̨֮϶˵ĲӰȴûзκһȭײֻ˵·ӿյ졣
ʱȫ綼һּž֮Уÿһ˫۾Ļ֮ϣھǹ㳡̨ΧǾܹԼ
һӣ
ֻһӵʱ䣬ѷ͸о˳֮֮ǿȻܹй켣ǳȴƺܹǰϤй켣Ȼٶȼ죬ȴóضܹȥһ򹥻
֪Ϊž磬ȴ֪ƳһķǾԼٶȸ졣
ѷҪ̫ʱ䣬Ҫ˳Цؼȷƾżڵʵδܹսʤꡣ˲Ϊż۷壬ֵٶȻ·ͻȻ˼ʮֱֻһ㣬ų˹ȥ
һݣѸٺѷ˾룬ѷȴѸٵ˹۳ܣѷ
ʵϳѾ˾ľѾ൱żھ£ѷй켣ûسǰܹϵضѷĹһż۷׷ܵҲʮֵؼѡ
ղŻѷվ̨м䣬ΧѷʱѾǫ́Ĵܣѷ׷ᡣ̨Ĵ˵ĲӰ
Ϫ˵Ŀһȫû뵽ֳڳٶȺͷӦȻﵽ˳̶ȡ
ֳһ˿ЦǸоѹѹҲ̫ˣûлһ֮֮оٹӣԼͻᱻѷײ
սֻ弶۷壬ѷӲӲǲ
ڵǳ̳֮һ֮Уս߼۷壬忪ʼ¶ļͷųĹϵļⶼʼͷųĹǱ˫ȭ֮ӿȣ˼۷塣
Ȼס˽Ųһʽ˫·޴ɽѷ̫Ѩ˹ȥ̨֮һƬ֮¡¡죬Ѿͻżﵽż۷塣
ѷԥطֳȭųֻȭͷӭ˹ȥѾβٶĹ
䡭
ֻȭͷݺݵײһѷһ٣ǵ˳ȥһɷס
ಡ
λڿеɣűɽѷȥ
еĹڶǾһڵȵ˳ʹ˾ѷĿһסΣָ
ϡ
һײűɽɡθųǾűɽӭ漤ͬʱ˾űɽХ
ϡ
ѷʮָٴνɽɡ
ɷɽ˲䣬ѹӵʱ䣬Ѿͨ׼ϡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
һֻͷŽâȭͷѾݵĸǰż۷Х
ѷһݣڳ񼶱ڿӿȭͷҵػ˳ȭͷ
ϪȻֱӣĿ⾼̨֮ϣѾѷͷųȫڳ
꾹ȻܹѷƵ˵ز
䡭
ε˳ȥһѪ
ѷ˿ûȥ׷֪꣬һͨɱʱع۲
ڵѸٵұͳ˹Ҫɰȳȥ
顭
˵ϣĵغ˼ҡεվ˽ŲĿ˶ѷ
ʱȫ˶Ŀѷе˶֪ڱ
顭
һ죬һѷȭ֮ڱ˳ѷѾİƵȭ֮ڣڸһʱ䣬ܹڱ֮ǰƳ⡣ȭͷ֮һ£û˿ˡѷ¶һ˿ɣоһҲż۷
顭
һ𣬱֮ǰ컹Ҫѷȭһ£ѷĿ΢ΪѾоεİѾﵽżڡ
顭
ˣﵽż۷壬ǰѷȭڱѣİûǰѷҲûüƳ⡣
ѷһڹȥˡ
еĹڶһ̾ǿҲֻһ񣬶һͫվκβһ
ꡭܶˣ
顭
һ챬˳ΪѷķɣεİѾȻƽ󴦡
ȫ綼һһļž


600 ѷŭ
ѷȴһ˵һ֮̽ڵԪֱӿ˹ȥ
ʮ˱ɽڳΧƣ겢ûгǷܹӮαڳ˵ҪԼʵܿ쳬ѷǳϪҲ̫áҪҪ֪ͨǿʲôز
顭
˿Ȼѷֱûʲô仯ǵѾƽ⴦
顭
˿ѷϱ۱ѳʮѪףѪ汬˳
Ŀһ֪ԼеĵƼܹ˵񼶱㹻ˣ˲ʮ˱ɽڿк֮ǰʮ˱ɽǡ۳һѴ󽣣ѷնȥ
ѷʹŴն񷴶һɣζųֻͨ졣Ȼ˵ȴֻˡһգбһѴ󽣣Ȼһ˿նµǱ󽣣ͬʱڵһߡ
ˡ
һ޴ѷų˹ȥ
顭
Ԥϵĵ챬ѿѷҼ缡ը飬˳ȥɳڿоһģͷϵĴ󽣺ݺݵ˴֮ϡ
ϡ
״ʵͣα÷˳ȥ
ͬʱ۵ĴҲ˳ȥ˲ֽʮɽڿųһѷȥ
еѷִһڣؽĻ̨֮ϱһĶ֮ʮɽĴɽ
ǡ
ʮɽĴɽĺ棬һֻȭͷѾݵǰѷĴһȭͷǰȴһֻͬһֻһ˿һҲĺĸ
ѷѾֻϥײ˳ҽš
䡭
һη˳ȥڿзһͷ̨ȥѷɫʮѿΪղųһʽͨȴȭͷģȭͷֻһУİֻҽϡ
顭
һѴѷϥǴ˳ѷԪӿϥǣѹͨİ
ꡭ
еʮɽٴ۳һѴ󽣣ѷնȥγѾŪͨȻ顣
顭
ڶѷϥǴ졣
ˡ
ѷȻһ壬Ѿڿг˶ϵ㣬ֵĴ󽣷һϡһ۵ĴɢʮɽȫܿƵſз䣬Ѿ˲˳Ͽգû˵ͬһ糵һɨ˳ͷ­
˻
ѷһȫ͵ļ飬ͬڿз裬Ѿīĺɫ
顭
ѷȱѣȴ˿ûеٶȺ
ѷŭˣ
֮֮
˲̨һˣͬʱ¿ʮɽ˷ѷȥ
ѷ󽣷裬ڵİϵرѣȱʮѪףѪɣīȴڿкɨͬһת˲䵽˳ǰųͷ­ɨȥīĴֳȻδɨͷ­ͷͱҴ
֮֮
ͻأس̨һߣѷη·Խ涴ռԾһ㣬˲ͳڳԣīĴȺɨͷ­
̨֮ϳֵĲǲӰǲٶʵ̫ˣߵѷɨӰûʧһ߾ͳѷɨӰ
̨Ͽܼƿ֮ͬһֱڼƿ֮
һܣ̨վҪͳһƴֻܣǻ䡣
ŽȭǱȫȭͷڼǳ֮ھֱ죬ݺݵһȭɨͬĴȡ
䡭
ε˳ȥ
ꡭ
ֱ۱۹۶ϡ
ۡ
һѪ
顭
ѷϲϵط죬һһ죬һ죬ϵļȻը飬ѪͼĴɽ
㳡ϵĹڿĿɿڴ˭Ҳû뵽ѷ֮ıԻ˲ҡﻹǳǷֵܹѷʮе⣬ܾ˵ľ档
˵ҰУоѷҪȳ˺ܶ࣬ʱѷұۺȸԶнʮѪףѪⷭɣ¶ĹͷѪһֱšϸ˵ȴѷأΪѷȻȥ˺ۣǹͷûϡ
ԳұѾܹʿ˵˫ȺұȴܹҧʹáʱѷֻŴ󽣲ϵɿеʮɽ˲䵽˳ǰָͬǹһ˳۾
ֻжʹͨҪ׼ʱ䡣ѷļٶ˿ֲٶʹ֮֮Ҳоѷһָͷ࣬ͷ໮һѪۡ
ֻԴ˵һһҵʹ˳Ͳͣϵʹ֮֮
ת˲ӰͻȻʧ
һһʧ
һһ֣
˲䵽ѷǰһֻŽȭͷѷűѶѷͲ㡣ڲǳܹͳȥȻԼĹͷûжϣȴסڵѪһֱ
ֻҪӲΣԼһЩֻҪϳ֫ԼӮˡԥֻŴһĻϵʮɽҧѾ˵ұһȭӭ˳ȭͷ
䡭
ȭͷײһ𣬳һε˳ȥһѪҲǲһѡ


601 ƽ
顭
ѷұԭʣļⱬ˳ȥұڵĹͷ¶˳¡ұͬҲʹòˡ
̨֮˸ֻÿһ¶Σ˫۶һشҡţѷֲ˫ȺұѪ죬رұۼ¶ȫĹͷٶɺܿ죬׷˳
ʱĳ˫ѾܹʹãѷұҲܹͬʹáȻܹŴ󽣽ȴʮɽȫǣס˶ֻܹʹ˫ȡ
ܵú࣬һ񼶷ؽѾóȫսľʧѪ࣬ٶȺ˵ѾѷС
ʹˣҲжദˣǱѷ˫Ÿ˵ġΪ˫۲ʹѷһŲóұ۶һ㣬óұ۽һ顣
ӵʱڹȥˣҲ𣬿еʮɽꡱ۳һѴ󽣣ѷݺݵնȥͬʱڿ˸һ£ͬͻȻʧͻأ֡
ȳֵľǳ˫ȣѷ߹˫Ӳ˹ȥͨ˫ڱ
䡭
˵ͬʱź󷽷ˡ
ꡭ
˫һǲ֮˫ȹѣ֫ϣҲЩѣڵԪܹתҲܹڿзУ̨ˤȥ
һߣѷ˫Ȳϵر죬һһ죬˫֮ϵļαѣѪɣѪӿ˳
顭
ѷصˤڵϣ˵־㹻ǿûлԹȥ㳡һƬžÿ˶ͿǰһСȻпʵȴԻ
񼶱ܹͱͫƴܾ
Ŀ
˵ɫʮֽţѷûн֣ĩ֮ǰ˾͵͵ؽΣǰ԰˭ҲӮ˭ܹѷսˣԼأ
ԼͳսʱһĽ
Ϫɫʮأ̫ˡʱЩ£µصʱڳжȥ׵ʱ͵Ϯ˳꣬ƱػỻصĲҰѷļսҿ϶ԼҲܹһлܳ꣬Ǿɱꡣ֮ʱԼûסе̰ڳжȥ׵ʱֻ֣Ҫһ룬Ϫһ
ڵϣҪһ£֫˾ҵʹͲܹ˿ƶͷƫһѷȥ
ʱѷҲų˹ѷ¶ЦݣһּЦݡоһݣȻ֪Էʲô֣һͫһŲΪ֪ܡ
˵ѷҲкܶطѣǱͫʵѾ׸ıĻһԪڹУȻܻȴܹѷԪתڳҰУѷһ㣬뿪̨ط
⡭
˵Щͼ߹𾪵ȫڴ͵״̬񻪹Ҳ۵Ĳ˼顣
ΪôܹѷľѾѣôܼתԪԼУ
ȻѷеļǷоǷС
ѵǱͫ񼶱ߵ
ͨһ㣬һ˫˫ĿжǿվǺͱͫž޴ĺ蹵ġ
ͬľѣܹͫɣͲС
ܷɴʲô
ܷɴѷŹοһֻۻûˡ
ţ
뵽ѷûˣҲ뵽˳껹о
ʱѷѾɵ˿У̨ԼһףֽŴ󽣣ų껺طȥϵѪεεص̨֮ϣЦúܿģ·Ѿ˳걻Լ䡣
Ŀɹѷ΢΢һȻܹԪתΪǱͫеĳ༶ʵһʧѪ࣬ʵһ͡
ӦӮĻɣ
һܹսʤĻ˷ܡһղڿɢʮɽſһֻۣ˲۳һѴ󽣣Хѷ˹ȥ
ʮɽеʱѷͷӦ˹ԼǱܹͫתԪǶԷһ߰ȻԷ岻ܹˣǶԷľȴû˿ˡ
ɫˣһд־ˣ˲ͺһԼܹɣȴֻܹҪԼųɹȥһһƶֻҪԣ䶨ˡ
ֻҪԼɷɽ֮һ˲Ŀ϶ܹеĴ󽣽Դ
顭
ѷ˴󽣣ݺݵһնķɽ
ƺһѷ·׹䣬顱һˤ̨֮ϣͳ֮ľаס
Ȼʹѷȴ͸¶Цݣ˫۳˺⡣ĿУһƮƻ࣬ٷһ׸ߣǽ뿪̨棬ֻʮңȻе꿿ٶϡ

еĴһնѷǺЦһ֣󽣱˳ȥ
ϡնµĴ󽣷Ÿͷ˳ȥ
顭ѷһκݺݵײ̨֮ϡ
㳡ž΢ȫ綼һƬžÿ˶Ļ֮ǰ˫ȭգеͣҵһĻÿһˡ
ʱеµѾѳ굱żһһͫƵز׼׵ų꿿ͨѪ̨֮˳һ³ˣҲжԳĳݡ


602 ָ
ЩʱҲûжԳһ˿֮ģжԳһ˿־塣رЩ磬˺ͺڰеıͫĿ˳ءʱǵѾѳ굱һˡ
һ֣ͫսʮֽӽһ֣ͫǵʵȫһ̽ǶڳĿ׵̰֮ĵ

еǱͻȻڿɢͬ滨ţ˷ѷѷһɫޱ䣬ֻŴγһĻӭ˳ʮɽ
ϡ
ʱѷԭѾʧѪ࣬㣬صֻһֻ첲ܹʹãĻֲԼȫʱһɽ壬һ˺ۡ
ѷҧеĴ󽣻סҪλǿų꿿ţðͬһ㲻ϼķɽǿǰһһؿš
еĹڴʱŵ඼ҪۿѷһһСźͳ֮ľ룬ԭʮ׵ľѾʮס
ˣ
µ߶ʹĸоǶڱͫ˵ߣǶǱʶаԼ˳ĽɫС
аʮǴʱедգò׿ʮֽӽսɹȴһܣʧͲʡ
ˣ
ЩһɣֻҪˣͻķ룬Ǿòûб̫ԶȻɿǳıӰȴȥ
ˣ
ЩͫҲһɣ֮ڳǰܹԽԣһЩͫߵͷϡ
ɫýۿѷԽԽѾͲʮ׾ߡţֻҪѷߣѷܹһ㹻Ŀ϶һնɱԼ
̿䣡
ڿǲܹʹãʹÿǾˣǻֱӿ䡣
ڳҰУѷ趯ŽĻʹһɽȻһ¶˿ĵЦݡ
һֱעѷһЦ̫ϤˣΪղžųЦġ
ꡭ
еʮɽ˷мۣ˲۳һ󽣡
ѷĿһǷһ˿
ô
ܹ赲
ಡ
ѷ¶һ˿⣬еĹڣֳģĻǰĹڶһſеǱ󽣡
Ϊ
Ǳ󽣲ѷų꼤ȥ
Ǵ˲ųĺ󱳲˳󱳺̨֮䣬ͷǳʹǱ󽣷׶ߡ

еĹڶһʱҲСʵҲǸոԴΪ֮Ѿܾûˡ
ѷɫң֪ԼˡȻɵ˿УԼʹ򲻵꣬ʧѪ̫ˡó깥ֻҪڿƮţѷʧѪԾˡ
ο
һֱƮŲ
Ȼ
ӳµǱϷֽСͷɽХŵϵѷ˹ȥѷɽ̾һѵ˵䣡
ã
ƣ˵Ȼӿؽ
˷̨ȴǺڰ˺͸ˣֱ˷ŵ˵֮ϣ̧֯վǰʵѷ񣬳ҪʱָҲƶһգ
û˵ñѷأŲ֮Żѷָÿ죬ֻǰĿѷ
ѷҲĿ˳꣬겻΢΢˼һµҪһµʱ䣡
˵ֿ˳һۣͲųһµʱҲܹȬǳ꾹Ȼ˵ͷ⻹ӳһЩʱ䣬Ϊߵ볣˲ͬʵԽǿ˻ָԽ죬˵һ
Ϣһ£ȫһµʱøŬ߱չأӴеõľ飬߳ȥɱ޴Լ
һȫߴʼеߣ
걻̧˷䣬е˳ȥڸӵžԵûҪҲû˸ʣֻڳķĸ
þȡһƬ֮ĻֱӷŵȻ󽫾ڹѴ;ѴһһԽӣȻһѴ;Ѵʼ΢ش̼Ź;
ڲ֮ҩЧ;Ĵ̼˫ؽ£ڶѵĹ;ڷٵػָֻһҹʱ䣬ѵĹ;Ѿһ
Ȼֻǳһǹ;Ѵһϸ΢ѷ졣ȫȬһξ롣
ջ˾Ȼ̷һ겻֮Ȼָþͨڵ磬ʼڵĴ
һʱȥоԼľһ˿ٴ̷˲֮֮󣬽ӣͷ;ѴֱȻСС´ָף
µ˫ЬҺ̬Ϸܿγһ׽档곯⺰һţ
æŴ򿪣ȻͿӴƮ⻺ȥ
ĸæһߣҲʣؿųǵм˳ȥǰνŸ˺档ɵȵĴ˵
һǰ˴
ಡ
ξͷ˳ȥһ˲ʧ١ĸ໥һۣæɵסȥ


603 VS
һ⼤⣬ǵȻһ٣ֳ˳ռӰǿֻҺ̬Žһ˫Ь
꿪ʼתǳǳһ˿˿ǳ֮嶼һǹ֮УͬһⵯȫΡ
˵ǳ֮Ĵ·ɿػָ֮˾Եãǳŷɿǳ֮ĿٻָоԼʵҲһ
⡭
ѵǲƲ
ٶȣ˵һָƣʵҲܹһȼ
³һ½ˣҲַԼֱŰ
ӴԺ󣬳ڰ̷֮ȻָȻ㿪ʼڵĴľڷٵҲͲ˯
ϣ⣬̷֮֮תǳǳ֮޸塣תǳʱ򣬻ž𵴣ʮ쵽֮ʣҲȫָˣҾﵽƷ弶۷壬൱ż۷塣
߷Ҳͻļ۷һٽ㣬ﵽ弶ڡ
Ȭ֮󣬳ʵٶһ̨ףڵضʮҹͻ弶۷塣
ֵ˱գ
ٴλص̨֮ϣӭɽХػЩҲϵֻЩͫȻҲڹƣɫ֮һ˿Ρ
ǳʤеһϪ˸ʤһеڶѷһʤһģĸ塣
һǰ
̨֮ϵȫѷ񣬶ȫ֮гϪ֮⣬еıͫ߶ǳζųѾΪȫϪĵڶ֣
ѷɫܲÿ˵ǲλû뵽һȬʱҵͬһϡܹһͫĿ⣬Ŀе˼ǣЩͫΣ
һ˦䣬ڿлһ̨֮ϣվ˳Ķ档ϳţ˿ûܵһǰѷʧܵӰ졣
ѷ̨֮ϵˣʮֵظӡӮܹӮڱͫߵϡ
ֲӮһҲˡ
ŶŵĿ⣬һ˿оԷƺѾҵƽͨķ
ǣͨǳǿơͨݲһͫߵĶ֡
꣬ǾͲҪˣһȡѽ˵óǿʵ
ȡ˴󽣣̻Ȼ׼ǰѴ󽣵ֵԼͨ˾ԼͨĽУĽ˵ʵпܽͨ赲ڽڣ˾͸˲˱ˡ
ѷɫһ㶣̶ͱɫʮѿţɣ
ı߽ͫĿ˵ת˳ϣǴʱȤؿųӦѾ׼ˡ
ϴκѷս֮󣬾Ͷͨһ֪ѷ˶ǳ۷壬Գ۷ܹ˺ľһ졣ͨϳеĵƣһѾ൱ڳ۷壬Բܹ˺ѷ
Գһǰʵһʼ˫ֳֽ˸ûлʤĻᣬúܵһѽֵľһѽֵͨͨ赲ڽڡ˾ȫڲ֮ء
ǡ
һǰ
մȭͷо弶۷һǰļ۷壬һ弶۷塣еĵƼͨĵԳԽ񼶱Ҳﵽڣ˵ﵽ۷塣
ã˵ͷ
ˡ
ʮڳͷ֮ϣǡ۳һѴ󽣣鸡ڳͷָŶˡ
˵˫ֻƶţ˷ƣ˹ơǰѽΪ˳ͨǰѽΪ˳
˱ͫȤĿ֮⣬µ߶ŵųꡣʱǶԼ˳Ľɫÿ˶ϣԼܹԽսǶϣܹɹһλһ
ֻǳܳɹ
Ƕ˵׼ʵѾΪʤֻһ˿ڴ֧ǡ
䡭
ɢ˳弶۷Ϣ̨֮˳
弶۷壡ͻȻλվ𣬾
弶۷壡е߶ɫһ䣬ֵ˱ͫߵĿЩǣµЩĿ˷
弶۷壡
̫ˣ
Ȼ˵ʱͻˣ

ְ֣ͻˣץŻ͵ĸ첲
ʱĻѾָƽϣĻ֣Це˵ģСǱ̬
ҮһӼҡСȭͷ̨Ϻͣ
һɤӣৡһеĹڣתҲ׼ȫĻ϶ǻӰ
ʣŻһ۵עʣ
ʱѾˣеĿ⣬̨ڡһͱͨ죬æȥ˫֮䡣
䡭
ŵһʧˣе˶ЦӻǰĸҲЦ
ڴҺЦʱ̣굤ڵǳ֮һ֮УתųȭͷۣȻСһȦĹâǱڻۡ


604 
룡
꾭һµ˺ͨʱѾС롣
ˡ
еĴ󽣽һͬһն˶ˡҲͬʱʧˣ
һһʧ
һһ֣
һֻȭͷͻأس˵ǰеĴҲѸն
ֻӽϷȥֵĳӭųȭͷֵ˹ȥýжųȭͷΪĻռݵĿռֻһߣȭͷֻҪϻ߸ôһߣͻĳš
ϡ
еĳķ˳ʹڿеĳͬʱڿлһųͷն

һȭݺݵغеĳ֮ϡ
֮֮
Ѹٵʧԭأ̨һˣ˶ˣͬʱʹſеķɽХ̨֮ϵȥļХᡣ
顭
һ˵Ľ죬еĳһ¡
˻Ӷеĳն˴󽣿ķɡ
顭
еĳִһ죬ǵıѳӽ˽
ಡ
еĴ󽣷ɻ˳ͷڳͷϿš
ʱ겻Ҳ˵ĿⶼеĳϣҶҪ֪ǷԽߵ㶼赲ڽ֮ڡ
顭
ıһһ졣
顭
˽˼ʱɿ֣ǵ˽ڿը졣˵ķӦѾˣȴɽըѪģ
䡭
㳡ˣܹͨ˵ˡ
ֳһ˿ЦݣֻҪܹ˵ˣ˺ͶԷһƴġ˵ͷ˿ڽµĳֿ˿ѪģƣȻ̧ͷŶĳ꣬ǺǡЦǺǡһǵ͹ʵֻʵôܶˣ
ľһԥȡԼս֮УͬʱͷϷĴҲֹͣ׼˶ˡ
ûȥϵĳ˫ֽĽڿлȻȻӿٶȣǰ
и
ֻһ˲䣬֪˶ٽ̨֮֮ϽâۺϣγһŽų˹
Ŀһ˫սĵǳ֮Ǳӿս֮УŶ漱ٵն˳ȥ
ˮ
ֻһ˲䣬ͽˮʮʽȫն˳ȥͬʮ˳ŶĻ˹ȥ
һ˸߹һˣһ˵һˣͶĽȻײһ
˻ǵ˳иȻȴᶨųи
䡭һɵâ۳˳ͣĻŽâȻֹܹǰȴڲϵ
˻
иڳ˳ĵ嵽˳ĸǰ
ǡ
ͷϵĴҷֽʮɽȻڳǰһƣηͷŶƽųƽƮڶ֮
ϡ
âնڶ֮ϣǽâһաǿеĶƴأͬһԲ䵶ؼ˶ˣͬʱҲ漴ʧٳֵʱȭѾ˵ĸǰ
ʱѾ֪ʲôʱ򽫽µǰѳӭ˳ȭͷͬʱֽ˳ʹĶơ
ܹ㣬Ĵиûж࣬ΪһҪĻǰ͵˵Ľŵ²ȡ
ҲֻӲӡ
ѧˣס˳һȭ֮ͰǱֽӵ˵ϣȻֽꡣ
˽״̬ķɽͨ˵ˡĴиҲ˵꣬ܵ˵΢·硣
˲żֻǲϵųиͬʱ˫ӭųľͨΪַʽսĻӮˡ
һ񣬶겻һ弶۷塣Ԫ̲ȫһȼϡĽԪĹ⣬ȵûԪ׸
Ӧúֻ࣬ǲϵиͿˡǳȴҪ÷ɽɵĶƷȻҪŶƹͬʱҪʩչͨǾԪڿٵġ
ʱѾ˵˼ԷҪľԼԪǿ䡣
ǡ
ľԪ
˵ģĵǹҲܱһ̲صԪֻһ弶۷壬ĵȼ̫ࡣ
ǳֲ֮ʱ޸ͲԪҪһߣʶڣԽֱ֮ӷŽԼ˿ܹ
ף
ף
ǲʳҩģǳֲܲס͸񻹶ֵƣԸķչܲΪҪΣաΪ֪ܶĿסֳǿƣֵԽǿЩ׵˾ͻԽҲԽȫ
һƬ֮ȴԼɫƵò԰ףҪöԷΪԼԪͿҪľˣöԷһֱȥ
ҪľԪҲͬҪľ˵Ԫֳй˼ɡ
ѷֵʱѷ˳꣬һֲǴʱѾǳӳˡһ˵ʲô޷ܵĵƣԳװһ֧ŵģ˾ֻҪԼһʽиͿԻܳꡣ
ȵ˵Ԫĵòʱ򣬾ʲôʩչҲۿۡ
ʱֽŵѸٵضȹ˵ɫԽԽѿ׳Ϊʲôɫһֱ԰ףȴһֱû˿˥
֮ǰڽطű仯һʼǳ·磬ֲԽԽСȻγ˾⣬˲£һ


605 VSϪ
س꿪ʼռһ˿Ϸ磬ƽͿʼ׵бˡбԽԽѾǳѹ˴
˵ɫԽԽ԰ףһ۱ˮʪ͸Ŀһ˿ԥ漴ʱ򣬳һγǰһʽͨٴκ˳ȥ
漴ĿһΪûп˵ּϵĳǺһֻȭͷͳȭͷԺ
ⲻ
Ѿ룬˵ȭͷѾԺ䵽һ
ˣѷȻվ𣬳Ծ̨ϵˡ
顭
˵ϱѪףѪ˳ųҲѪףѪףź󷽵˳ȥ
˵ҡһ£һƨ˵ϣϵѪסӿš
顭
صˤ̨֮ϣֻʹ飬˹ȥľﵽƷ弶۷壬һصˣǳѷҲûԹȥ
ѷʲô𾪵ѷ
Ǵĵƣ˼ˣʮֵңûгֵ׼Ҳȥ
ʱѷѾϡϵɫ粻ҲźƵĵƣֻûʹãʽһͷųȥǾս˵ԼƻʮأҪܳʱָ˵ĳܴĿܾͻһ¡ѷ̨֮ϣҲûʹУû뵽ȴʹһС
ѷĻһԵĻʱò԰ף÷ѷҪȥ˵ܿ
ȷʵһĸоĹͷѵñϴλҪףóһУԼˡ
ûôԪĵòʱʹһʽԼһ
ʱϾٸѪףڹദѣ඼˼ص˺̷һƬ֮Žˣȥ۲˵״̬
ʱ˻ѪڵϣĿꡣһʽǺľԪ֮һľѪҴʱڵѪš˵Ѿͬһͨһ㣬Ψһϣǳ걻Ĵɱ߻Ҳãܹʤ
˵Ŀʱۼڳϣԭ۳ɶģķɽҲɢʮɽص̨֮ϡһҲһ㡣

³һǿתͷ˲ϯѵ˵жʤ˰ɣ

Ļ䣬̨֮һײ죬˾Ϳ̨ϵһɽƮ漴ˡһƬ죬ʮɽ㶼ɵ˿С
ǡ
ڿ۳һѴ󽣣׼̨֮ϵˡ
ʹر۾֪ԼˣԼͷų꼴ʹҲԹȥ
ǡһжˣ
ˣ
ѷܵûףԼʹ˴֮󻹰ˣ
䣡
˼ѵ˵еĴų˹ȥս磬һĲֻܹ۾
˺͸˶̧ŵܷɵ̨֮ϣһ̨֮ϣʵҪʱָ
һڵϣ̾Ϣһֿһ۳꣬Ȼɬ˵һ°ɣ
˳꣬գһ۾ʾͬ⡣Ȼ˫̧ŵ뿪̨
Ӯˣе߶ԳٴڴʣһǺϪı
弶ϪǱͫʵ̫ˣֻҪ΢еǵ˶óһ˿ӮĻᣬǳǵľϲ̫ˣоͲڴ
걻̧Ǳķ䣬ҲŹֻڳķ˲һӾͱ͸ǿƴߡ֪ʱҪˡ
γϺܶ࣬ϴֻһʱܹſ뿪ʱǿѹͷ;ĶѴӵһ
Ȼпʼйɵ˺
ĴϾȥǳ֮ǳξͻƵһؿƷͻؿڣľ൱ڳʵΪǴؿԹ˺ܶζûеõͻƣֻвϵڵľŻۡ
ʵͻƣһµʱ򣬳ƾŲ֮ҩϵĵڶķǳ𵴹ǳ֮ͻƣﵽ弶۷塣
ʱ򣬳ѾȬٶȶھһ죬ľͻƵƷ൱ڳڡߵʵѾﵽͻٽ㡣
һա
һˡ
ʱʤһϪʤһڶ˺ѷһʤһеĳ塣
ϪŶĳ꣬¶Цݣ˵꣬Ҫһս
üëʵ껹һû¶Ǹһ¶Ǽ겻Ҫ֪ԼһŵơǺϪ֮ͲĵزʱֻҪԼͻ֮󣬸ֵƼͨǣҲ¶΢ЦϲĶ֣Ҫһȭ
ŶϪüëҲһͻˣ
ǣ
һڣϵϢͷ˳Ϣ̨ӡ


꾹Ȼͻˣ
̨ΧһĿɿڴЩͫߡٶò˶þͻᳬԽϪɣ


606 Ͷ
Ϫؿһ۳꣬ȻЦͷãҾͽһȭ
ϪжûҲûɽǳ֮˵һСӿȵתӼֱۣȭͷ֮ϣұСһȦͷųĹâǱȭͷʧ
һһʧ
һһ֣
˲ϪǰһȭϪ˹ȥϪ̧һֻӭ˳ȭͷ
䡭
ȭཻһ·źĵصˡ
ˡ
ÿһˣ޴̨֮ϣϽ̨Ӵ
顭
һ죬һһ죬ͨʼ졣һȴûһ뵽Ϫڣ㶼Ϫ⣬Ϫ֮Ŀб졣
ϪƵվ̨ϳĶ棬Цеųꡣ

̨һƬ̾ϢеĹڶ뵽ǵ֮ʣǻЩź
Ƕ뿴ųǶ
ס˽Ųһ԰ףһϪʩ䣡
ıȫʤһϪʤеһ˺ѷһʤһеڶĸλе塣
ڶսѷսɢȥһ߻ζŽıһ˺ѷ֮ı˭Ӯ
ĬĬػصԼķ䡣
оԼϪĲֲ࣬Ǿ޴ġĥţԼֻнʵ˼۷壬żڲſԺϪһսһδܹʤϪ
ϾϪǻһĵƣ˶ԼĵƣοϪԳʤϪǾΪ
ȻܹƷ߼ҲԺϪһսսʤ֮߻ǾҪľ̿
ֻǰ˵ʱ䣬ȻһԼʱ򣬻õĸ豸᲻ЧһЩ
뵽һ㲢֣ЩѾһָоԼľʱü֮ĵڶеǸҲźܴĸáȻõĸ豸ϵڶķټϵһڴľﵽһЧ
ԽԽ˷ܣ˵صң뵽ĸڡʩһͷʶ̷ͬʱüĵķҲת깵ͨ磬Ĵľӵתٵš
һֱϣŴӾ˳¶ϲ֮ɫȻ⼸֮ľٶֱӷһ
ϴһ裬뿪˵ص磬͸һ߳һŸ顣ʱһ˽ų꾴糤
˭һڴ׷
ܹˣһǻ糤ФԶһŷ˵糤
΢΢üͷ˼һ£ˡ˶һߣڵһǹеսʱѾ̭ˡ֪ʲô
ƿվ˵ɣǳȥ
Ҳƿվų˳ȥƿĴţ㿴һһŷϡ˼˽̴վųʩ糤ã糤ã
Ф糤ã糤ã
ҲæȻֱ꿪żɽ˵֪λ٣Ϊ£
ФԶһɫһƣФԶͷʾлȻת糤ҪͶ磡
ɫһ㶣Щкܶ߼븴磬֧ŶӼ븴黹ûй
˵磿
ǣФԶ˵Ѿˣϣ糤ȫ
תͷɣüëһֳϲɫ΢΢һµΪʲô
ФԶֳɬδ˶Ϊȥûʲôǰ;ᱻ̭Ƕǳ糤Ҳø硣¶ϣܹ븴硣
ͷɫҲʮ˵Ф糤ǸĹʮġ
֪ФԶصͷǻعأвعصˣͰչ𷣣
վФԶֵӭ룡
ФԶֳϲɫ˫סֵлл
ɿФԶ֣Ŀ˷Ҳվ糤ҵФһҵҲһҲظĹ򣬿糤ȫ
ٴųЦݣŷֵӭ룡
ллֳ˷ܵЦݣ˫ֽץס˳֡
߰ɣǹͣЦе˵
ǵңФԶͷص
ص˲꽫˫һһܣرܸǸŷ޷糤
ʱФԶͷȴЩĲᣬһź꣡ҿʲô׷ˣ⣡꣬а׾ƣ
ˣЦе˵ȳԷȻǼ븴ʹ
ţԷȳԷ
ФԶͷ˫ĿŷˣһصͷȻ˦ӴԴ
극󣬳꽫ФԶͷ˽ɣԼ뿪˲˿ռ䣬ȥӭǳʼǳ


607 ͡
ڶ硣
ǹ㳡־ˣʱڹ̨Ȼ˳λӣҲܵ˳Աߵλ£ĴֽŻС̨
̨֮£ȺУĿӳͻ˻̾Ϣһ
·һӦһ㣬Ŀ˲Ƶϣɫ΢΢һתԵĻĿһ˿ԥձüᶨ˵ҡһŮˣ
ţӾһС־һ£ȴĴץסĿʪųʵΪʲô
˵
ؽͻ˵Ȼ˵һֱԹ޻ڵظңһֵҰˣ
ʱìܣ˳֮֮Ѿԭµĳꡣǳһ仰ȴЩˡ仰˵겢ΪŽŸءݸǷ֮ǰڷ֮󡣸Ǹ顣
ֲܹΪһȥǴֻ꣬Ϊû˿ĸ飬֤ⷴһѪ֮ˡ
ûĸŮ˻ϲԼһѪ֮ˡ
ͷҧ촽ĿŵŻʱ̨ϵ˺ѷѾûȥע
Ȼͷûȥ꣬ǳһжظоõоͫߵıȥעǽŵԼӿһ˿ۣ¶һ˿Цݡ
磬Ͻɣȥ˵˵
ţɫһ䣬ֿЦݣס˻˫ֵлл
֣ȥ㣡
˳Ĵ֣վΣŸķȥ
곤³һղһ˲оҪϪҪţֱһĿ̨֮ϡ
̨֮ϡ
˺ѷʮֲңԭУֻΪĩյĽ٣ʱ˳ޡ̨֮ϣ˱޹˼ɣúң쳣
ƴСʱȻһƽ֣սսԭ˵ԪĵһɶվûУǱ̧ȥġ
ǴٴϢ졣պѷϪ
ս֮ǣʤһϪʤеһ˺ѷһʤһƽһеĸλӵ塣
ա
ڰڵص׸ϱȥǳ֮ǳ
ûȥҲûȥ֪ͬʱˣֻж
һա
ոմӵصгҪȥȴվ֮ϡһֹģ
ĽŲһ٣ֳ֮ɫһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôһ仰ûкһ𣿡
˵仰Լһ⡣ȥʻбԼɵ
עȴҡҡͷո뿪ؼˣ
㡭С
ҧ촽ɿ̧ͷ˳һֵۣͷ˵Ҳ뿴ǣ
ɫһ㶣漴ˡһǻԼȥǵ˵˵Լֹϵ¾ûֹϵˣҲƲסɣ
ǳ
е˵ѾΪ˼䣡
ãھʹȥ
Ѿһ˵ں⣬ҲڵԪγѭԼȥ
ǰֽСУȾͷĴȥصͷоԼڳкů
ƿ˴Լǰ˫ֻסȻСС´ָף
µЬҺ̬ĽŰ棬Ȼ˳ϱӣֻӵʱ䣬ͽ档
ಡ
걧˴ȥֻǰһзɿǵٶ̫ˣͿʲôȫһ⡣
Ȼ󡭡
Ϳǳ¡
ͣȻ˿ס˾Ʈ֮ǳ
ǳ
˫Ȼס죬ۿȻƮ
˫ֻǳ֪ȥ˶ãתͷųӳң
õǿ£һһŮӵһʱͿռ·һ̶
ǹ㳡
̨֮ϡ
ѷϪԶս
ϯϡ
һϣһһڳԡܶ˶ų꣬Ȼȥ͡
ɫƽѾӻ֪ˡѾͬǿӵмŮ˲ʲô¾ĩ֮ǰܶǿӵеҲһŮˡ⣬ֻҪ⻪ͺá
̨֮ϵıԽúܿ죬ϪֻУһûôȫͻѷ
Ϫ֮ͬ˺Ϫ֮ıҲ̿ʼ
ϪƫУͬлˣȫȡ
ϪսȫʤӮ˵һʤһλӵڶ˺ѷһʤһƽеսԸλӵ塣
ʱѾ˳ֻ̨̨֮Ϫһˡڽȫ㳡ȫĻ
͡
дһЦڿͻأسˡĿһ˲ǱˣǵڻʢϮǸ˺Ǹ˫Ŀ΢ˡ
ʱȻ֪Ǹ˫Ŀ΢˾ҲǱͫĵҪϪĻʼ߳


608 
ӵɨǸ꣬ǸʱѾ
̨֮ϵϪҲĿһо˼веǸʵ̫ǿˣɢǿϢ˳֮ġ
Ͼһϵ֣־һؼǿֻ˲ȶסԼſе΢˫ֱȭǰ
ǰǸ΢ֳ˼ȲмǺǡƺΪǰ𣿡
ϪɫһͣžǺȴŭԡ
ϯϵĳоһ̾

Ǹ΢ĽǶϿϪȷʵûʸƺ΢ΪǰƲȷ΢壬ʣǱͫĻ塣ϪǺɱͫ˼ο
ǡ
۾΢΢۷оâ˸
ͺ
˵ÿףҲÿףֻҪңҲһɱ㣡
㲻ǲǣεϷŲ֮̋ϵϪ
Ϫ˫ȭŽƽϢ˵Ҫγƺ㣿
񣡡
΢ڿ𵴣Զӡ
Щ˻£
˵Ŀⶼڿе΢ϣ˸Ų죬һа˲ǷӰɣ񣿷ˣǺЦ
û˸ЦΪÿ˶о˴Ǹ΢ɢİϢ
Ӳ£
ʵǿķӾͿˣ
ֻгûЦ⣬еֻءΪֻ֪Ǹ΢û˵ѣȷʵ塣
һϻվһе˶վĿе΢
΢ֳŭɫȻûһ˹¡ɨӣ˫ĿɨˣȻĿ̨֮ϵϪϣȻ˵ǵıһֱڹעû뵽һʼ߾ȻΪΨһĸ֣Ǻǡʵڣ
΢ȻߣӽǾ
䡭㳡ϵ߶ˣһʱ֮˲΢ǿϢһ΢á
죡΢ȻһͬڿдһףһӸס˵¼žһƬ
Ǻǡ΢ȻЦΪףʽҾɱĵһ֣
䣬μ׹һֻϪϪݺݵ˹ȥ
顭
˫һأγſе΢˹ȥȡս˫ֽա
̨֮ϣϪɫʮֵؽţ΢һŵȫ֣Ȼû˿ܵĿռ䣬Ψһĳ·ǺͶԷӲƴ
ϪͻȻͶһѽñֱ΢ĴŴ˹ȥʱѾɹһؾ롣΢ĴŸûȥǽ⣬Ǻݺݵһ˽֮ϡ
ꡭ
ϪгΣֻϪǰء
һ˲䣬Ѿɵ΢ǰ
΢һ˳ȥıڳʵ͵Ʒǳǲм
һ˿ü֮ȻһɾƷľֻɲǼ΢ʶȻ΢ʶںȻը
ˡ
΢ԺһѣΣߣȫû׼Ҳܲ־ʶڵıըԴһƬͬһֻǰһڣʲôҲ
Ҳһ˲䣬δ΢ӹȻβͣطڸ߿еǸꡣ
ˡ
ʮɽǸ껹ʮɽȴѾĸǰ
ৡ
Ʒľȫѹסʮɽֻһ͸ֽͽŽһһѽĵŵȥͷŲŵĿ⣬ĿķǸ΢
Ǹ΢ԴһᣬӲϵԭղųӹߵʱѾһеԴԴһ˲䣬΢лǳί
ʵǰ׼귢ҲС
ۡ
΢Ĳǻ߸ߵѪ·ȥ
ಡ
һǸһץסǸĲ̨ȥ
顭
΢ͷ­̨֮ϡ
顭
Ϫһƨ˵ϡۡһһѪʱȫ˲ԼѪֻǲŵųꡣ
ʱ㳡е˶ų꣬رһЩֶǸ΢۾ɫϿ˶Էһ񡣵ǾһȴһиԴ
˶һ²ӣоǷĵǵľӹ
һ̡
ǲǽ˼ĵǳ׵ɢˣ
ʱежʮף̨ϱʱ򣬳껹ˣԼǿƣֻǵڣҲû֪ǿƾʲôô΢ɱġ
һóӵأҲǵиоӵؿ־塣
û°ɣһսһǸ̨֮꣬ϵϪʵ
û£Ϫ̨һնɱ
ͷȻĿɨϯϵ˵ɣ
Ǳ
´
ĹͳЩȫǰʮŻۼڴˡǵмϴʱǸꡣ
м䣬ǳĵ̣ȻԳΪڵϵǸȻ˵˵˵ɣ
ǸʱᣬųгԹЦˣ


609 Ƕ
껰䣬Ŀɨ֮ڵˣԹ˵Ƕˣ
͡ЦһǶˣ
Թ˵ǲҪ˿ĽһȺ˾񣿲ǣеķ˶
Ϊɱʦɵ˵
һúܲңǺǡ
͡Цһһж𣿡
㡭
ʲô㣿겻м˵ҲɱʦѵǾͻѺദҿʦ˵Ҫѵ򵱳
Щͼķ˾ǵǵǵҡǵǵңΪ񣡡
국һЦ˵ɣڵж٣ȥǶץĸǰһһնɱۿһ񣡡
㡭
ôˣҸңг˼
ǸžҵţѪȴ˵һ仰۵Ľ΢ɳ
һֱ˵ô¶Ϫʵ
̾һ˵ûд񣬻˵壡
֮ڵ˶ɾ
񣿡
ôܣϻ񲻾øǿ
ǸڵϵҲ۵Ĳ죬ų֪顣꿴һڵϵǸ꣬Ȼ˵ǾԵһ񣡡
һ硭񣿡е˶һѣεĸо
Ǹ˵˵
ߣǸһٴꡣ
ĿɨϪ˺ѷȱͫߣ˵һһͫѾķ룬Ѿܹһˣ׼ȷ˵񣡡
ϪЩͫһĿ⾼ꡣ
֪λͫǰͻƱ֮ͫûȥ⣿
Ϫȱͫ߾ҡͷ˭еȥʲô⣿
һһ֮ͫĻͻᷢ仯ĻѾͬҪĻŻ࣬ȼ֮߱Ϊ񡣶ôһ壬ǴӳǱͫĻôͱ֮Ϊ塣
ʲô֮е߶𾪵ų꣬Ϣʵ̫ˡ˲š
һһ壡ĿתڵϵǸ국˵˵Ķ԰ɣ
Ǹһ˿죬һ˿ȴе˿о㶼һ𣬿˵ȷġ
ߣǸһȻ֪ˣҲӦ֪Щˣ
֮ڵɫʮѿӳǱͫĻҲ̫ˡ˵ЩӳǱͫߣ
꿴˵ɫһЦλҲð鿴̫أȻǴӳǱͫĻȴζŴӳǱͫߡҲҪֻûʲôĻ֮ͫǰһ·̹;ͫԺҲôġ
ǸڵϵƲһܱЩͼķǿöࡣֻ֪ͫɣ֪Ǽ֪Ǽǲκνҵˡ
顭Ϫһӷֺȵ죡
Ϫˣǳ꣬ղžͱǸ΢һˡԴʱ˳˵ô࣬ǳǳûɱǸ΢ЩҲȥ
ΪҲ֪ǵǾҪѵһɱǡҪ˵ߣڴЩ˾ǵһЩνɱ岻Щ񷴿ֻеһɢɳŻΪõ
Ϫô֮ڵ˲ҪнͬʱҲǵķв£ֻдͬȥϣڲѣֻҪԥĻᱻڶ͵塣
ǿټǿ壬ﻹȥϣ
ȻϪⷬһڣڵɫ䣬ڵϵǸ꣬ͷ޾ŭ
ǸɫӲһ£Ϊһ壬ЩͼķˣĽѾ˹мڷ˵˵Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ʱҲᵽϪⷬĿģϪ͵ؿһۣӳһըĻ⣺УϵĩսپЩνŪİɣ
ʲôڵɫٱ䣬Ѿʧȥ򶨡ǿ־ĩվȻŪģĿٴǸꡣ
Ǹɴ۾һԲɾǳ˳ԣһһߵиӵطŭ
û뵽ĩ羹ȻŪģѵŪôһĩ磬Ϊ˴ͨ磬ĵ
⡭ʵ̫ɶˣ
ʮ⣡
ĩսʧֻе֪ǸһԲ˵Ŀⲻ˳꣬ϣܹٶһЩ
ûȥǣһһɽͷɵǸʺĽѾ̵ļǸƤһ£ȴûۡȻ˵˵ɣ֪һж˵㼸ҶҪ֪
Ǹ۾һԲ
˵һ˿һٵ³֣
Ǹɽ۾ͣڳһ˵̬˶ŵǸ꣬ÿ˶ҪӶԷյõϢ
ȥɣ
ķɽ·ȥٶȣȴһԲȻϵļڲͣض


610 
ۡ
ķɽڴ̽ǸʺȻһʣ˻
񡭡߳Ծų꣬û뵽ľôɱ˶Է
ЦһĽǲģ
ĬȻоɥ˼㣬ͬʱһЩ־塣ǵɫ˳У˵ǣҲĽǵĽ٣Ϊ棬٣ɱ٣
ԣҲĽǲͼ˼վ
ԣҲĽǺսһѷҲվ
񣡺ٺ٣ϲҲվ
񣡡˵۾һվҲվ۸ߺ񣡡
񣡡е˶۸ߺ
񣡡һɫͨ죡
񣡡ԽԽ죡

ͣЪ˫ʾô¡̲֮סʵ꣬ô֪˶ܣ
꿴һˣȻͻ񣬻ǻǵɣ
Ȼ˵ֳȻ֮ɫ˵ҲֳͬȻ֮ɫΪе飬ҾûмҲ˵
ⶼ˵ģʵ
ǣ΢΢ͷƲ⣬һԭ;סǵӵһ硣֮Դͨ棬Ϊ˴ͨһλӶλԴλ浱ɱǡȻҲץȥū
еķŭͿ־彻š
ڶƲǸ;סڵڵһ磬ǿһ̶ȣ㷢ԴͻԼǵķչǾͿʼоͨռĽ档ڴͨһռĽ棬漴ĩҲˡǿһ·ɱ磬ǸԴͻþӵʺסǾ;Ǩ㣬ĵһرˣûʷС
˵ˣһƬţܹ˴˵ãϪ˵Ʋ⣬嶼ǵĵˡӽ쿪ʼǾҪ׼֮սˡ
˴ʱν־ɳǣԾǵͷѹеĿףֳᶨ֮ɫڵս𽥵ذȻ
񣡡ʵ˵᲻ỹڵ򣿡
ҡҡͷһֱ˼⣬ʱѾƲ⣬˵û򣬿ֻ˵ǰǲܲעǵδʼղû֡ǣʹûȻˣҲԶˡǲҪнҵҪĴ㡣
һγĬЩѹ֣ͻȻϪ̧ͷų꣬͸¶ڴǸܹնɱʲôߣ
ԣ㶼ĿһĿƵ˳꣬ȻʵʱҪ
նɱͫϼû⣬Ǽ˵
Ȼ黹ǺܳأȴҲһ˿ɡ˵ǱҪһЩʱ䣬ҵһδǼ֡ϾߵʵǿǼǱҲӦڸ֣뿪ҪҪԽҲף磬Ǿ쳣ЩҲﵱһһ·ǻʱ䣬ҪľƶһȫԵ¹¹һҪб߽ΪеһȺ壬ΪҪΡξҪرЩϵߣܹ񽻴˴ͽˣҪԼʵֻЩںսʱסˣܹģһɢɳ
Ϫ̵ͷھͿʼ飡
ã˾Ƶͷ׷׿ʼԼĴԪռȡѾ׼õϣҿʼ
ѹڣҶ˽뷨ҶǢ
һٿҹ죬Ϲ˵ĸ֮뿪˻
һ롣
ʱת˲ƽһ룬ǲƽһ롣
ƽǱߵ岢ûеƽĿ񳱡ڶ˴ͬʱĴ͸ҲзҩװȻ۸ߡ
һʱ䣬ʵ˲ֹһ̨סǮӸ繺һܹͨʮĹʵһ·˼͵ʵҲż
˺ѷͻƵ˳ϪͻƵ񡣻һЩżͻƵ˳
ĸ߲Ҳ׷ͻƣɣӱأ·˹Ԫڵ͵ڶʮİ£ųҩ󣬶ѾͻƵ弶
סǱҲΪ˵ڶķľѾƷ
ľƷż۷壬Ѿ൱ߵ񾳽硣ܹͻƵƷżڣᲽ൱Ǽһľ硣߷ͻƵżڣͻƵͫһСξ롣
ϸŶĴţҲ⣬ѾɹĴķ磬ҷչͷʮѸ͡
һա
ոн˵졣оһ
ǵһװãˣûر鲻ҪԼ


611 Ϯ
ȡң˰ťǰһĻڹĻгɵΣ糤ָ
ɫ΢䣬֪Ƿ˴飬򲻻Ϫߵһַٿָ
ӣ˵
ǣ
Ļһ˸ʮ棬˳û֮⣬Ĵͳ͵ǰʮ졣
λˣҾһصϢϪһ˵ڵڳ˱ͫǿʼ﹥ŷ˺ͶѾҪֵסĽŲҪͫĸֳ
û𣿡ʵ
ĿǰΪֹûз֣
ôǵжٱ֣ͫ
ʮ
һϪΪһǰʮĸڵϳ֯һãһɫá
þеҪ֯ҿԻͨޣ໥ҲһЩϹ򲻵Ķͨ
ɫþǱּͫ֯ߣܹͨԴӵظ߼ͨԴǱͫ߾ԲܹƾŽǮܹ򵽵ġ
ɫõϪϪӵжٱַͫǳ
ֻһ߸µĶʮ߸ǳ񡣲ȻûдﵽͫľѾ൱ڱͫһʮˡ
Ƿֵıͨж٣
ֵһһʮӦûûзֵġϪɫʮء
ʵǶ٣
༶
ǻҲܹ
ǣ
ĹΣ
ʮֻͫ༶һֻֻ̼Ƽֻȼʮֻ༶ʮֻ˵ֻܹڷڣǷѾʣѾЩסƻֻܹ졣
ʮֻͫͳϵǿ˵Ҳ༶һֻֻ̼Ƽֻȼʮһֻ༶ʮֻǵķҲܹ졣
ŷ˳ֱͫʮһֻ༶һֻֻ̼Ƽֻȼֻ༶ʮֻ
ֱͫʮֻ༶һֻֻ̼Ƽֻȼֻ༶ʮֻ
˶˳ĬĻʮͫӦһҵıͫﶼ⣬ٵĶʮԶʮϳԷʮֻʵߵֻϪһһֻһ񡣶Էһ༶֮⣬̼˵һѹơ
˵ۺʵǿҪֶͫɢڸң͸Ķ֡
ͫ߷ֲΣٴοʵ
Ŀڻʮˡ
ʮˡ
ŷ˵ˡ
ڶˡ
Ĺͳֱش
ĿǰﶼǸУ
ԭЩͫﶼǷɢŴڶͬĳУǸ༶ûԹǷֹƷ֣㿪ʼһᣬǸ༶ҲԲ뵽˹֮Уŵ˷ֿʼزסڻЩΧ
ＸŦԼ
ŷ˵Χ¹ǣҲĩǰĵ¹
ڶڷعĪ˹ƣ
񣡡Ϫ˵ܹɱ·༶ֻ㡣˵Ŀܹɱϼ
ͷĻЩڴĿ˵ҪĿɲǼ򵥵ػɱ༶ܣҪһΧˡȻܽɱֻҪ绹ͨģͲɱǿԽԶԶ𡣾㲻ܹ磬ҲҪԶؽĳУδܳһʱ䲻ҴٽСֻܹʱҪĵ塣
Ҫô
ϪʵҲĻϵĳꡣһĴȻϪ˵һǹۿ˱ȫ඼֪Ϫǵϵĵһ֣ϵĵһǳꡣ
ΪǸ΢һϪȴһնɱǸʱĳ껹ûʹÿס
֮ҹʮĸȻúɫáýڶѡΪʵǿ˵ΣûҪܵɫõĹơɫѡʱϪɳΣȴܾ̾ˡ
ϾǱͫߣԲ˳ҳûǸ˼Ҫеľ֮ϣԼʵ
ϪԳﻹЩִġǺϪͬϾϪһϪǶԳ֮һֻرȻڳܹһնɱ΢еʮ𾪣Ǿ֮һΪȻһʲôطնɱ΢ǳ䲻⣬΢ԳӲ־˵Ľ
ԣȻڳֳ㹻𾴣ǻԶδԸƵɫλáΪǸλü˵λã䡣
ĿǰֻϪȻϪҲܸ壬ǱϾΨһĸ֡
ϪɫõϪû뵽ǣڵٵһΣʱҪĲϪǳꡣ
ΪпףܹնɱϼĿף
ȻǺܲΪ겻ſ׵Ǽ׸ǣûȳãźǣһжǼ衣ϪʱɴͽָȨ˳꣬ʳˡҪô仰


612 תս
ϵ̿ʼ򻪹ᣬ͸Ҫṩɻʮʱ䣬ֻʮʱ䣬úɫֵͱͫгٵδߣ¹شʮպȴӻʼΧɱ
ͱͫ˻ôǵĹô죿ڹǵĹҡϵǳʵ
һȽҵıͫնɱû˱ͫǾ͹Ʒ֡
ΪʲôҪȴӻʼϵǼʵ
ɫһΪܹǸɹ𣿡
ҵͳ糤Ĭȥ죬ڵܹ֤ǼʱһܹЩΧǹҵıͫʱü𣿲ǰ뿪֮ڸϲ鷢ɣ
ᷢұ֤˵
ֳĬ˼ӣһ׷׵ͷͬ⣡
ͬ⣡
ͬ⣡

񣬻񣡡ʼȫеߣۼֻҪ߾ȫ뿪⼸գƶսƻԻŴΪأ䱸ߵս·ߣصĺԼʱ͵ص㡣
ף
ҲʼеߣֻǲҪЩͱͫ˻ߵս֮󣬻һȥңʱϣѾƶõģɹοսƻһһȫսۣϣսܹ֮ǵĺƽһȫսɣ
ã̿ʼͱͫǰͬʱߵʮĸ˵
ã̳ǰնɱ༶˵
ǻȫֱնɱ༶Ḷ́ϣɱøɾЩҲüһȫЩȫʮֻֿţʧصơֻܹɾظɵΧǸ༶ΣգȫĿֻһܹõƣ
ţҾ
갴ңر˴Ļ߳ҡ֮ϣվŻɵȸ߲㡣
磡
糤
ӳ
ɣȥͻһ𷢳Ȼоսƻ֮һ
ǣ
ߵ˻ߣ̧ͷһ
ţʹصͷһڵϿӢˣ
ҿҪֵ˧һ
ųĴЦγ𣬽µЬҺӣ˲仯һףͬһһػնȥ
ȫע⣬ȫע⣡ĹƹضҪлԵĴǻԳնɱ༶ȫֱҪҽһ³񣬳ʾżʵһߡľ粻꣬û͸¶
ûйϵһĿף⸱׾˵ܹնɱͫϼ༶ﲻڻ¡
ԣҿɢȥеĿֻţԸǵۿնɱ༶ʢ
ڸߴһϢѾˣǼĿףǰѻл
ۣôĿףôĿף˳׵ٶٶѾ˹٣ڼ֤漣ķ
Ŀĵǻĩ֮ǰǻһʷƾõĹųǣĩ֮﷢˵ڶż
ͣˣѾ˹ų
һ߿ոľֵȫһĻ֮ϣֳĳ̫ˡȫΪĳ֣Ǹո滺Ŀֱֻ
ΧΧнǧ֮һ༶༶ֻ̼Ƽֻȼʮֻ༶ʮֻͽǧҵعŹųķ֣ǷͬˮһصһȦȦɢϵҡΣ¾ǲ׷ԭͨˣҲ֪־Զˡ
ʱųڵͨ˶ڼۿŵӣе߶˷ֱͶս׼ʱͷ˸߿֮ϣǸ߿֮ϳһӰһ׵ˡ
е˶֪ǳ꣬վŵģ૵ӳˣ
찡һӺͽֵϵĴĻϴ˽˵Ա񡭡Ȼѵ˿ףҪʲôѵҪ﹫ƽһս𣿿ǡֻż
ʱڿеĳ˿ףӵʱĳֻҪʮ֮һľܹγһԲʮ׵ľ硣ľ˲ʮֻͫ

Ҫ﹫ƽһսҪסľѾﵽƷż۷壬Ѿ൱ڱͫϼڡȴһֱûлȥԼľʲô̶ȣαһѵõļᡣ
ųѾܹʮ˱ɽʹõķɽѾԭķɽǸХǿԷɳķɽƷҪ֮ǰķɽ߳ʮֹ
ʱǸ༶Ҳ˳ꡣһֻͬһֻһľ˫չףһž޴ͷ­ϵ۾¶ĲмܹоǸֻżʵٿһ۵ȤûУŷַ˹
ಡ
õĿɲߵķǾߵķֻ˲Ѿ˾ֻ༶ס


613 ս
ಡ
ʮ˱ɽڿСǡ۳һѳ󽣣ͬһնֻ༶
ȫ۾;۽ǱϣͨˣߡʿǱͫ
ûл뵽꾹Ȼÿףþ˵ǽڴ
Ȼ֪Լܹնɱϼȴ༶ﶼûɱóȫ³ʲô⡣
ֻ༶о˷ɽĹӳ֮Ҫ̷Ӧôף
ҳľԭҪֻĵȼлûеȵֻٴתͷǱдѾ༶ĲתһȦ
ۡ
Դſе䣬ִĲǻӿҵѪ޴ŵ׹䡣
ǡ
еǱȻֽ⿪ʮ˱ɽµʮֻͫＤȥ
һնɱ༶֮ĳд󶨣֪ԼȷʵնɱǰЩͫֽ˴󽣣Ҫıͫһ򾡡
䡭
µʮֻͫﷴӦıܺܿ죬ֻ༶һɲǣ˷Ӷȥ
ľžҪģƷӺԶγһַǳľ磬ĳǾƷżȫչĻѾַܹԲһʮ׵Ŀռ䡣ǾȴֻܹڷԲǧ׵ķΧڡ
ǧ׵ľһͫǼֱ̫ˣ̵ÿԺԲơֻ༶󽣿ʼֽһɲǣЩͫѾӳȥǧףҷֳ˼
ɫһû뵽ͫ˵ؽƻһһͫķ׷˹ȥ˷ķɽʼųۡ
ľ磬Ƿеٶǰİֻܹģֻʱ䣬˺ǰֻľ룬ͷϵʮ˱ɽХȥڿһն˰ֻͫͷ­
䡭
ųǷˣˣȫˣ߻ͨ˶Ļ
̫˼ˣ˵ԱڿзԽȫĻ𣺡̫ˣȻûÿռնɱ˰༶ڵľֻһжֻ֮ڣıֻͫʶӣҴʱǧҲʼ֮Χٽ⣡ǡǴӴ˿̿ʼγƺأʵȷʵ񣬵ľȴʿԻɱͫٳƺΪȻܲʣҪγƺأ
ϪؿĻϵɫʮָӣо壬ʧ䡣ְһťһ˽
кηԸ
֪ͨ磬еͱͫʼᣡ
˴֪ͨͱ̼ͫᣡ
ѷɫغȵ֪ͨڰеͱ̼ͫᣡ
ȫ֯ڷȫͱͫʼٵؼᣬȻɻ
λڣڷ
һ̡
ѾվĪ˹ƵϿգ·ȥͬǽǧΧĪ˹ƣ༶һֻֻ̼Ƽֻȼֻ༶ʮֻǰԷַҵؽ
ˡ
ʮ˱ɽŶʮֻͫХȥеʮֻͫÿֻֻɽȥʣʮɽ㶼ֻ༶ɱȥ
˸ǶʮֻͫﻹûзӦѾķɽɱ˷ɽٴο˿ףŷ˷ȥ
γսӻԻͣû©һֻͫȫĿֻȥγһֵĺ
һʱ䣬Ѿ˻ŷ˵Ķʮһֻͫ㶼նɱʮֻֻ̼
ȫΣȫҲֻʱͫһֻЩЩֻ¶ģҼȻ༶ѾˣôϼﻹԶ
ԣֻ֮ڵҹμһ칦磬ϪоһսƻĴ·򣬾Ͷ˷С
ڽļڣȫصͱͫ½½˻ǡʮ֣ͫİٰʮþǳΪ˴ʱʵǿһС
ȫܹǧ߷ֱۼڻУսƻѾ͸еս˾ʮͫİٰʮҲֳ˾ֻ飬ָУֻų귢սۿ
ʮ죡
վ˶ǰͷվʮ֧еıͫʵģΪųĴڣͲҪ̫ǿʮȴΪ
˵ĵ֮ϣѾʵسΪ˵һ֡ûһ˲ЩԳ겻ΪȻı֣ͫҲ׸ı˶ԳĿϳϵ֮ĵһ֡
ʹÿףһʽͬʱնɱʮֻͫЩּͫͬʱҲη壬Գη塣
ʱͫʮ걳ӰĿͳ˳ݣܹµһֲսǵĶƺҪǻ
ǵǰ˰ߣǴʿ˧ߣֳʮݶӣÿݶַʮӣÿӷʮжӣÿжַʮСӡÿСӶžƻ
ʱھǵķ֮⣬ûٽĳ棬ҲŲٵ߮
ؾеսеΪ֮һִ࣬򿪣ȷ˳ȥ
˧ϵ߷ڿУ˧µߵ棬ʼ˶Ծܱ


614 ս
ľǧ㶼ͬʱΣ·ͳһĿģǽеũܺħ
طǻ繵ͨĵطʱĿѧҲڻ׼ţ׼еϽ֮Ѿȶڴ֣ڳ׷¡
ͬʱͨҲڼᣬ׼ħũڴ£Ӵｫǻǰߣ󷽵İ͡
սһʼ쳣ؼңʲô̫Ӵ͵ȼ߿ʼڸ߶߷ȴռžԵơ
һ·Ҳ˼ֻ༶ǳ֧༶˲佫·ǻͨźźȡῪڸϵ
еʱ䣬ȴҲʧ޴󣬲ͨʧأͱͫҲ
һʱ䡣
֣ͫʮ˧һµ߸һǧڽеϻũܺħռڡ
һĲҼսʱжʮһżͻƵ˱ͫеһʵѾﵽ˳񣬾ﵽƷż۷壬ΪһǼһĸ֣ΨһһǼ֡
һٶʮһ˧۷ͻƵ񾳽硣ıͫﵽʮﵽʮһ
˳֮⣬ʮŸͫʮһֱֳַפħũܡ
ѧѾʼ֣ڷ֮ҲѾʼ˹¡
ũܺħм䣬յǸط༶ϵ̸
һʱҲֹ༶ڱյϢĳѸٸɱ
һա
ԼͻȻյħ˴Ϣħ޳ͨǹ۲⣬ӵһʱ޳ħѾʮ
ף
һڷ˳ȥͬһһػʡ
һӿн䣬ڷֹ֮ʱ֮ϣԶȥʱڷɳʮˣ˳ʩ糤
ţ
΢΢ͷͷ֮ڣ۾ǰһǸڲϵصŽ࣬ͬʱڲϵر仯ʾž롣
ǴͣʾΪ41.258Ȼ֮ڳӰڵĻ治ϵر䶯ܿԱ߳һĻ
һ
༶
̼ʮ
Ƽʮ
ȼʮ
༶ʮһ

һӣıͫǲ٣һʮĸԼ൱ǼһʵҲֻܹʮɽҪһһʮĸͫܡһ©ıͫ
겻Ҫÿ׵ĹΪܽǧȫһӻȥԼĿ׾ͻᱩ¶ôһٵͻ࣬ȼߡϣܹķʱ価һЩܹŸõ׼
ǰƶò죬Щͫﶼǧм䣬ǰƽš
Ѱ˼һ£תͷ˵ȥЩͫ̼ϵأлƼһµҪǵֵӡ
һͦŵ糤ġҲǻƼôߣ˲˵ֵӻܹ
ã˵ļҾصöһ㣡
ಡ
䣬ξͳûдףֻշУھʱ´Լʮĵطס
𡭡
ǧŭ󵨵ظҶһ˷ɵͷϵšǸȴûǾ˳ꡣ˵һܹʹɽնɱ༶飬ž˶ıͫ﹥
Եһ˵ĳ֮ʱоѾɿ˾Ǹ֮ˡľЩͫǸеı仯꿴
ѵ֪ңһ졣
ˣһӻЩ˵ң
ͻȻһҵǿһ£տʼɱΪұҾܹɱһЩıͫ
ಡ
˹ȥѹ൱༶ľ硣
ˡ
ʮ˱ɽХʮ̼ͶʮƼɱȥʮ˱ɽͳʮ̼ͶʮƼȥ꽫ѹ༶Ҳ̼ͻƼ
Щ̼ͻƼȻЩͼ˵˳ǱϾûۼʶȻ裬Ǿ֮ȴûᵽʮɡ
ʮ˱ɽͬʮ˿ǣ˺˿γ⡣ʮ̼ͶʮƼֻӾһ㱣ȻԴʹӲǻ
ۡ
ʮǻ˳ѪͬʮȪֱʡǸĿһһͷ˫ͷԣѾףֳʮסֻ˲жϳ൱༶ʵһɡһ֮󣬾ޱߵŭһȻǰһܣһ֧һط˿Уų˹ȥ
ڿƮݵԱһܡ
̫ȭŮ
һҧĴ죬һʮ˱ɽ༶ʮȼＤȥ


615 
䡭
༶ʮȼ׷ſ˴죬һſŻ򣬺ߣⵯʮ˱ɽȥ
𡭡
ʮһ༶ɵ˿Уͬһſž޴ڵʱ³˹ȥǰʮһ༶ǧγһ޳ӿŷĻ˹ȥ
顭
ֻ˫ͷһֳβͳ鱬˿һܼĿͬһһسų˹
֮֮
˲
䡭
˫ͷſŴ죬³ŹⵯһŻ죬һźⵯųײ˹
ۡ
ĸ༶ͶʮȼԴӲǻϵȥǻڵѪҺͬȪһɸߡĹⵯߣȻ赲һЩķɽ
֮֮
һ˲˳ȥ
䡭
һһĺ죬ʧϡ޴˳֮֮ûȫܿıơ
һһˮⵯײһ˱ֱӳﵽϼ۷ܡ
ֻǾΪﵽǼʵֻżʵεֵסϼıƣ
ʱٻطɽѾ굤ھǳ֮ӵһСؼУļ˲ͷųĹǱ˫ȭлۡ
䡭
˫ȭ˳ȥ޴γһ˳Ŷ汬ƶȥ
顭
ԭ֮֮Ѿ뿪˱ģֺԼȫǱನס˴룬һСֵನײڳϡ
ۡ
һѪϵĽڿһ·ط˳ȥ
ޣ
ǧ֮סΣֻûʹͷͬɢһ㡣˫Ŀ΢΢ǧ֮ȥ
䡭
ڷ֮ǰʮһ༶ȺǧŰʮһ༶˹ȥ
ʮ֮ĿС
ҰУǸ˫ͷԴһ༶ʮȼٶ
Ĩһ촽߲Ѫ
ಡ
ʮ˱ɽ˷˫ͷԺһ༶ʮȼＤȥʱѾʵƷż۷壬൱ߵǼٶ̫ɵķɽͿľҵĦ˹â
˫ͷԵȻһ٣Ȼ̵ͷܣ˲͸оʮ˱ɽܾԲֵܹġֻ˲ͷӳȫǱ
ǣôһ˲Ѿˡʮɽʮȼɽ˳ȼʮıɽһֻ˫ͷȥѾֻ˫ͷ԰Χʮɽ˫ͷܹܵκһǶȡ

ʮȼһ༶ͷ­˲ͱиµʮıɽ˫ͷ巶Χݺύ

ˡ
ʮ˱ɽȻסڿУ𶯣һƬ
ۡ
׵˫ͷԵϳʮأѪڿкɣͬһѪꡣ
䡭
ʮ⡣ǧǧײһʱڿзڡ
ಡ
ʩչٶŷµķȥѹ˶ÿ׵ͷ֪Լ˿ףһǰܾܿǼᱻڻһԼֻҪÿףһҲϼҲ̫ࡣսǳһ˵ģе߶ҪпϴҲֻǲܹسɳ
ڳҰУűͫʿӿе䡭
ಡ
ʮ˱ɽڿݺύոһһ༶ӿе䡣
˵ȱͫѾɱ۾굽ǶҲ·ȥʱµڲ
ಡ
ʮ˱ɽͰʣµĳ༶նɱɾ귭ȡս·Щۼʼ˹ȥͬʱʮ˱ɽҲȥ
γûʹͨҲûʹ֮֮ûʹƵʹõˮ
ಡ
ǰͷֻӵʱͽˮʮʽն˳ȥ
ʮ˵ƻ۳һƬŶ߸ͷݺݵĻ˹ȥ
䡭
ǿѵĵѹһУǳ֮һתǱˮбܵĵѾʼ۷壬ڳǰ׷׷һƬѪ꣬еʮ˱ɽݺύͬڱ֯һŽ
ۡ
ﱻնɱûκֵܹķɽҲûκһֵܹˮ
ಡ
γȺС
䡭
ˮӰڿģزӰڳǰ顣

ʮ˱ɽ·ɡ
顭
һźŵڿը죬˧ϵ赲˧һµѸٵػسһʱСͷֳȥâ·洹䣬档
䡭
һⵯա
ಡ
ƿ˷֣źԶӡ˧ֻҪⵯֱӺУֻನѾ˺ǡ
䡭
յⵯʼŵ温壬ض̳ڱգﱻըա
˰Сʱʱ䣬֮ĺʧˣ˵ĶһƬֹȥһӵʱ䣬²żž


616 
һؼž
ǰһƬ棬Ĵǲ֫⣬Ѫ֮ɫŵӵӰ٣µĶ
곤³һ˵Ӧܹӵһʱƽȡһʱķֽ
ţصͷųĿ˾塣
ˣ
䣬γ˲ʧ١
ಡ
ũڣϪӭ¶һ˿죺ˣ
¶һ˿ɬһˡ
˵ħǱ﹥
ţ
꽫Ǳߵս۴˵һ飬˵궼սˣϪɫ΢䡣
ħ﹥˵ũҲڲ÷﹥ӣȥϢһ¡
ţ
Ϫ갲˾סĵطȻͻصָӲѶָģм
뵽֮趼ûϴ̷˲֮뵽֮УΪũҲһ̵
˲أԼһСʱʱ䣬ȫȬȥһ裬ڷոճһ뷹;˽꣬ˣ
ߣ
˿ӣͻ⣬˫һ񣬷˸߿գʱ·ȥ
ಡ
ӰӿнϪߡ
ô
Ѿƽ˰ʮ֮⣬Լǧ򡣡ϪɫЩأΪ׵һϼ༶˸̼ʮƼʮȼʮ༶

ҲһӡʵԳҲѹҪ֪ⵯڱͫûãⵯֱӺ˶ԷҲ˿˺
ħʱ򣬳ȥնɱЩͫȻŷⵯЩͫᶥⵯڱأڱشݻ١
ˣȽͫնɱЩͷۡ
ȥɣ̾һ
ҼߺһȥϪ˵
ҡͷһȥ׼ʱ׼ӭС
⡭ϪЩԥ
ˣﻹԶȥɱһ
ಡ
䣬γȥ
ƶ֮ϣϢشƲ·ȥֺĳ궼Ϊ֮һ顣
ǧָ࣬࣬׳࡭
飬ϣУһ޼ʵ˸оԼС
ľȥǸϼ༶ֻŸûаͬʱɱֻҲûаһԻɱ
ಡ
ͬ׹һȺм丩ȥ
һ롣
;мЩͫﲻס
еı̧ͫͷҪʲôٶǳǵоһ˿졣
⡭һ񼶱
ˡ
ʮ˱ɽХʮɽֱ༶Ｄȥÿɽһ༶ʮɽÿɽһµʮ˱ɽͬʱǸϼＤȥ
ǳֵʱٶȺͷɽЩԤϣǵľǷӦˣǻûüжķӦʮ˱ɽѾǵ塣
ݺᣡ
ಡ
ڿȻһһϿռٵطȥʮ˱ɽХȥ
ۡ
һϼ༶ͷ­ӲǻϵִĲǻѪͬȪӿһ㡣
䡭
ǧſеĳֹⵯ谵ʱѤĿͬǧ̻š
ʩչٶȣеĹⵯ˦󡣵ⵯɢ֮󣬳һ·ȥ
·ǧһ̧ͷųꡣ
䡭
һƬ޺ͬһƬǺӴ·Ϸųӭ
ڿһתһſм𣬽һƬǺ˦˽¡
䡭
һƬ˸ǿ⽫Щڸ߿գüͷ·ȥ
²ȥռ䱻ǿȥԳż۷壬˲ͻᱻ촷ۡ
ʮʱָӲУϪͨǴĻ濴˳ľһҲüͷҲʮֵͷʹ벻˿İ취ʱǧſС
еĳͻȻһе貹âɢһ·塣
䡭
ͬһƬǺӵĹⵯų˹һ˲ʧڻ谵ĿСγڰЩⵯ֮󣬱ûͣԶɶȥڿ˿ףԶȺ֮ŵ温ȥ
׵ٶȼ죬ڿ׵ͷһλҺ̬仯һͷģֻ˲ξͽ˵صס
͸ŷ򣬿ͷͷٵתţڵص׼ٵشš
룡
Ѿ˱ͫĽµص״Щ׹۲ſУѰųӰ
ಡ
ʮ˱ɽȻƿնŰ˸̼ʮƼͶʮȼʮ˱ɽֵ̫ͻȻЩ׹ۿеûע⵽ɽĳ֡

ʮһͷ­ɽǵľһи
ۡ
ʮһѪɫȪգʮһ޴Ȼءضڲ


617 Ϯ
顭
δӵص״˳ʱĳѾ˿ףνŵ漱ٵطţͬʱʹʮ˱ɽŽʣµʮ༶Ｄȥ
ЩĴ֮䲻ϵظıŷţЩﶼ׸ߣ£Ǹ޷ⵯֻܹ˺Լֻ̧ųȥ
Գ꾫ȫķٶȣܹȵõģ
ۡ
̶̵ʮʱ䣬ʮ༶ͷ­׷ءʱҲûԼһ˿ʵЩȼ͵ҲʱľѾ൱Ǽһ㡣
ಡ
ſмٷȥӵ˼£γһεĹȦ
䡭
ǧⵯų׷ųΡ
졭
ָӲϪ˽ȭͷŵغš
ಡͬһ֧һֱƲ񷡣
䡭
һƬ޺һƬѤáһƬѤ֮УλһԶȥ
ಡʱ·ȥ
ʱ֣֪ͨڱڣϪ˷ܵ´
ಡηɹ˷Զȥ
䡭
ⵯŰʮȺȥֱ̳ʡ
һƬǰʱѾһƬž
ಡ
η˻ŵȥִ򿪣˽ȥ
񣡡ϪӮÿ˵϶ֳ˷ܵЦݡ
໥սָӲȥָӲ֮Ϫ꼱æƴǵɫõӦף
ϪҡͷӴ˿̿ʼҾҪɫλøе߶ͬҵľҲ֮
ָӲڵغ
΢˼һ£ջҡͷλҲɣ
ΪʲôϪɫһ㶡
̸ɣ΢Ц˵
Ϫִҡͷ㲻˵ǲǸλӵġ
˵Ϫһ˵ľʵѾﵽ൱ϼľɣ
Ϫһ仰ڣе˶Ŀų꣬гڴĩյУ̫Ҫһǿ
ˣûԼʵҵľ൱Ǽһʵ

ž
Եļž
Ϣе̫߳ˡ
Ǽ
˵һ˵еļû뵽һǼĸ־վǵߡ
Ϫ³һ֮󣬾Ȼ֪γƺ꣬һ²˵λһҪ㲻˭ܹλӣϵɫгԱλӱҪ쵼Σܹƴǣ
ҲƴǣĿ⻺ɨָӲڵˣɫǲܹأһֱأһǻزסҪ磬ЩأͬҲأ뵽ءĶ̰Ƕﲻ˽⣬ӵز˽⡣Ǳ˽ǡԣҲڵ¶ãһ뿪
ϪЩſڽ˼ǡҪ磿뵽أ
ţصͷ
ָӲһγÿ˵ɫڱ仯ţһͬĿѾӾת˳ݡÿһ˵жֳһͷܹΪһ棡ܹһսɣ
񣡡Ϫ˶ݵ֮ɫ˵Ҽɫλ԰Ѿ齻شʱ⡣ǰʱһõҡλӣȫҪ䣡
񣡡ָӲеųʩ
Ѱ˼һϪ飬յͷãλˣϪΪƽʱСϪ𣡡
μμŸָӲ߳ųϪʩ
ã֪ͨħıͫˣ
һҹڶħıͫҲũܡԭȫıͫ߶еũܺħԺܿ;ۼеıͫߡڵվ˳ٵɫʢ䣬Ȼ󽫴Ϣȫ紫
ʱһƬԷؾף굱תսĹֱֳũܺħδսʤָ֮ӲҲ¼ȫ粥˳ȥһģÿ˶ѳΪı񡣶Ҳһ֣

ũܺħķֽϣҲϡһפڴˣʼ˳
硣
ҷɴڸ߸ߵУ֮ٵطš
𡭡
ͻȻһۼףųԼʮ׵ĳ˫ͷβߵĹеһɴ׷һֺ𣬴һĻɴ
顭
ɴһ⣬ǿŻ֮һƬ֮İƶһſżСıŵ׹䣬ǿŻҲ˲䱻Ϩ
顭
ɴβһ⣬ͬһ٣ǸǸ﷢һ˲䱻һ񣬴Ӹ߿׹䣬˰׹䵽棬ˤһ顣
ɴȻӿٶԶɶȥɴ֮ڵһĸߴˣĿ͸¶֮ɫŷɴʻԱȵȫʻ
ಡ
ɴͬһ⣬ǱǸϮķɴӿٶȣûбϮɴҲͬʱӿٶȣͬ⡣
𡭡
ǰһŭһӴӰڴƺ׷


618 ؽʱ
޴Ĺ֮ǰǸ棬֮ǰǸʮۼɢĵĹâ޴ĳÿһȶٶȶ˹٣ǰɴľѸٵ
죡
ҷɴڵ춼ߴţҷɴͬһ㣬ǱǸȴԽԽŭſеİɢ
䡭
һž޴ĹⵯǸ˳˺˿ռеһֻɴ˹ȥ
ֻɴβ̽ڿڣһִ⼤֮İƷ׷ױӿе䣬˼Сı
˻
ǸⵯײǵⲢûнǸ޴ĻϨ𣬶Ǹ޴ĻƽֻǽٶȣͬʱҲǿŻ򡣵ǿŻȻڣڲϵͷɴľ룬ۿžҪײҷɴ
ɴһڣһӰ˳ǸһѴ󽣣ǿɻն˹ȥ
ƾ㶯
ն·ҡΡ
һ֮նȥ
䡭
һƥһĽâն˻֮ϣǿž޴Ļʱ֮ɢȥŵƮ䣬ͬһǻꡣ
ಡ
ǸӰǸ޴Ĺ˹ȥ
𡭡
ǸҲǸ˳˹ȥ
䡭
Ǹ򣬳ƷǸ˺ȥ
ϡ
ǸٴһһƥһĽâŶǸӶȥ

ӣ
һƥգƽԽԽԽԽϬն򣬼ǰӣƥӹǸ塭
𡭡
ǸһͻȻ룬ŵ׹䣬Ѫ
ಡ
Ǹ˵ηɻ˷ɴϷǸٴδ򿪣ʧڴ֮ڣɴһǰȥŵķȥ
ֻʵ̫ˣһ߼ʡܿ죬ҷɴʧ֮䡣
µʱȥ
ƽ£ĩս֮ûйƽûдģϮһƬ谵ƽͬصĩ֮ǰ¡
Ҳǵ¡
е߶뿪˼԰׷׵ĴɱڵʣЩѧҶȫͶ뵽˸о֮Уֵ豸رǸΪȽɴʼ죬ǵڵ͵ڶĿƼ
еͨ˶Ͷ뵽ؽ֮УƽÿһԼֻ˯Сʱȴɾǡ
Ҳڸ߷չ֮УԴӳΪɫõΪ˳֮ȫؼ븴
Ȼúƽлһллһ룬żйɵ
ȥǳֻÿ»һʱȡһ¸Ļ㱨һ»
ͻҲоԼͳ֮ʵԽԽԶҲͶ뵽֮С
ʵͻÿ춼һڵص֮бչءÿ춼ʹõصе߸ҡͻÿֻʹþҡ
ڰɳʹþңϳ뿪ȥǳʱ򣬻ڸ
һա
ϥ鸡֮Уų崹䣬棬ͬһ֡
굤ڵǿǳһԪ˸ųɫĹâؿʼ仯ɫҲһһһһͨһתӿ˵ӿԪԪڽس
ꡭ
һһٶԽԽ죬ͨתӿ뵤ڵľǳ֮ӿ뵤Ԫ֮ڡ
ˡ
һͬһ𶯣һţʹӵؿ㣬ޱ޼ʣǸɫԪ˱仯ɫгɫ˻ɫ
屬ǿҵϢųǸȻڳϣȻ󽥽ʧյڣһתӿ˵ӿѾǻɫԪ֮ڣԪĻɫӵĴ⡣
ſ۾ɫľ˫֮бػָƽֻһ˫۾˻ɫ
ʵ̤˱ͫĻʼ
ֳϲ֮ɫľ磬Ǳ֣ͨǳ֮ϵϵߣԷߣҲƾߵʵԷնɱǶϼҲһս
źǵûߣϪ´ʱҲֻ༶˵̼ͣ
Ƕأ
˳˼
ӦöǿԴͨһĹһϳû˿ƣƾһ㣬ƾʵ޷ϼһսҲֻܹһսҶ޷ʤ
崫ƾãûǱ֮ͨĹ𣿾е߲һ˶Ĺֻһֻ֣һνֻܹͣ༶һսδܹսʤ֮ԷҲŶֹ߸ĹôҲֻܹ༶һսҶҪܡ
ǳսʤ̼壬Ͼӵǳ֮ҲδӵС
꿪˿ףŵķȥǳڳҰзٵҰѸٵ󡭡
ص˸磬ͱ뵽˵ص֮Со˫ϲţ߷ͻƣǾҲõͻơ
뵽ص֮У̽˾ң˸豸ͨ磬ʼڵĴ
ʱʱȥˣüëһ£оԼľѾﵽͻƵٽ㡣


619 ľ
ˡ
ʶһͬسǴһʶζ˳ȥǳӣǱһƬ
ľͻƷһؿﵽ˼Ʒһڣ൱Ǽ
߳Ŀڤɨʱ䣬ľڵڶķĸ豸ϳõҩ£ѾﵽƷż۷壬ֻһͻƵƷ硣
ɨڵĽҲʮֿ٣ŵڶķҪӵű˲ӵеĸƷҺͳΪרƵҩ֮İ£ʵѾڰ˲㡣
˳߳۾ųꡣǰȥظһ»ȥϴ裡
ϴһ裬߳ԡңҲӵվæг׼˳ߣдף⣬㣬߲ˣˮĩ֮ǰĶڱ֮ڡЩû˷ܵı˺ܾãǳʶȤûʳŪЩҺ޾Ƶġ
˶ŨȤֻҪл⵽ó˿ڸ˳תͷųһЦϾͺˣźȵˮϢһ
ãҼˣ
˭ҵģߣķǵغһ
ϵˮһߺˮһŻæµˣϹҸЦݡЦȴнΪվҪ뿪ǰ硣һȥ㲻ҲǶʱܹģҲʮ꣬Ҳʮ꣬á
ԼվҪͻദ
ˣʣˣ磬㿴ţȥϴ裡
ţˣˮվ̨˹ȥӵһ»
Сȭͷôһ³ŵϴʱþ͵Ŷ
ЦõؿŻеĻ֪Դӻ뵽Ʒ֮Ѿܹͷžγһ磬Ȼ֪˾ĹЧ

һ죬˳ЦеؿӵһĳͻǼʲôҲûп
ѾˣЦɣĻůˣ
ҲֱۣչػͬСͶһ˳Ļ껳ŻһҸζӿͷ漴Լľʱһֲȥĳ嶯֪Լܲȥв磬Ϊȫ࣬ҲΪԼеŮˡ
һ˿ԥĿȴرüᶨ
诣
ţ껳еŮñӦš
Ҳڲ֮ͻ뿪ǰ磬ҲǱߡ
ֻСѸٵ˳ͣ˫Ŀ͸¶塣ֺʧȥľ塣ʾŮ˽ƿһۣͬʱ˳꣬ηηջ֡
诣˵꾡ʹԼ᣺ܹҲ֪ҪòܹҲʮ꣬Ҳʮ꣬á
֮󣬳Ͳʵǲ֪ȥ˵
ͻֿ
Υ˳ıģŻеŮˣ
ͻమ֪ڻеŮǲЩ̣ǲԼ̫˽
ͷڳĻҲĬձأͬˮһûһϢĸо
ãͷӳ̧໥һۣȻһų磬ǽɣ
оһɬ˵诣ǲƽ
ܹƽ˵
ֻҪӵ㣬ΪӣǶݵģҲҪлϲԵĶͣ˵
Żеڻȫǰ⣬ȴڰжһڲ·Ĺϵ֪Ϊ˸˺ܶࡣΪܹԼһĿڹܳг硣
ԭȳһֱó㡣Ϊ˺ͻŵһλãҲܳи硣
еŮóůĿüᶨ
诣һŻһᾡ
ǡһĵʵ
ǽ飡
ǡɲԸһȥӵʵ
԰磬Ǻһȥòã˫һ
УȻܾ̫Σˣûչǡ
ŮĬȻ֮ˣ˵ǲչĻ죬ͻȻ˳ӣһӴӳĻ˳̨ȥѽˣ
ľѸٵ͸˳ȥĹӻ϶鸡ڿСϣŽ·ȥ
磬ȥɡҺ诽ڼ㣬㲻͵һӡ
۾ͻȻЩʪص˵ͷһ죡
ţӦһȥֵ诽㣬һȥϴ裬ó꣡
һϴòãЦе˵
㶼ϴˣ˳һۡ
ҿϴһ飡Це˵һΪλŮʿ걳ȻǰҲЧͣ
ɫǣ
ԡȥںЦܽԡңִԡ̽ͷų꺰ɫǣ׼þ͵
ЦȻֹ


620 
͵պܰϯö˻ȳ븸ĸֱ򻪼Һסĩս֮¹ͨ˻ҪһһƣǶѾſߣһޡ
ĸĸֱ򻪼ҺףҺҲͬ˻£ҽӶڰº
ͻ20231010սϢٵشȫ硣һ꣬29ꡣ31꣬26ꡣ
ȫݵ˶ŻǾۼΪĴء義æµԵܹܣеķ糤˻ɵİ¸˾
ǱÿնӦŸ·ϪˣѷҲǰ쵽⿴һϪ۾ɫģ֪ͣڱ̼ͫϪ۾Żɫʱ˫Ŀ¶һ˿֮ɫȻɸ̾˵߷Ҳò˶þͳԽˡ
ϪˣܹǰҺܸˣÿԽһЩϵĹ۵㡣
̫ˣϪ۾һʲôߣ
˺ѷҲ۾̧žߡЦõ˵ǵȵ֮ɣڻҪϵӭӿˣǼλȽ
ţϪ˵ɣһӭӿˣûпļ϶ǾͲսһ¡
Ҳųӭӿˣ
Ҳǣ

һʮͫվڴſӭӿˣıͫ˵֮Ҳ׷شһӺüʮλͫվڴſӭñӭӵĿһ
Щ˼ֱͰѳⳡ񵱳һνᣬ߲ȻϪһȼǶȴʤϪ̫ࡣⲻΪ̫ߣӵŵ͵ڶķҲηɵȥſռ䣬ҲǼӵʱͷɵ
ͷĽ£ںľʵȻϵҲﵽ˲ĵز
ڽ֮ռλĽʮֵλÿһ߶óϷԳ˳羴
˵ڽ󲻾þҪ뿪ǰ֮ʱиж֮࣬Ҳ׷ױʾҪ׷ǰⱻϾܾԵԼûлŻģҵҪλػλ˴ﵽǼǰһУߵһ˽֮
Ҳ֪˵Ҳټ֡ÿﶼ¶˾ģһҪﵽǼǰ翴
еʮʢ󣬵Ż߽õʱմﵽ˸߳
ĹԪףɫúõȫ룬վΪ꣬˹ơ
䡣
ļ£ͻԲ֪ΪͳѾһˣǴ֮ҲһΣԲŰѻ֮ĵһҹø˻
ǻûƴǣֻڳ¾ͷ֮˵磬ȥɣӺ쿪ʼһ˯Ͳȥˣ
һůӿһ»ͷϵĺ飬᲻ί
ᣡҡͷǷԭӦһ壬˵㲻þҪ뿪ˣֻʣҺ诽ΪѾˣ뿪֮Һ诽˯һ𡣡
껺ؽӵ˻ĴӦţ˵
оӲֳųһѵ磬һҪ
׼곯Ż촽ݺݵһڡ
ЦСȭͷôųţȴȻطֿһͦһʪůĿռ䡣
š
ʹ𣿡갮µĻ
еʹ
ǡұϢɣ갮ظŻƾҪ¡
˫һӻסһҪ
һͦȴǷһ̡ʹ
ɣ
ͦغ󳷣ĥļر÷ۺ죬ü٣忪ʼظŻز̸ӵɤ﷢ǧת
硫硫ҡҪ
ٶȽؼӿܼĽеζңųصĺͻǧذת˵һƵ˸߳
Ŷ
ͻȻؼ˫ȣͬһצһزڳϣţϲ˺쳱˫Ŀ룬һ߿
ۡ
оһȪӻ˳ó˲ˬ˼㣬Ҳͷ˳ȥ
硫
ţ
˯
ã
･˾ȵغ
ˡ
ͻѣͬʱ͸⣬㿴һ̵̣ŷˡ
ͻջ˾໥ţȻȻӴææش·Ȼ˷ţ꼱æֽӹ̣ǰס诽㣬㡭
ָһ»㷢ˣǽþͲ˵Щˡ
ðɣֵǻǷǳͬص˵ͷȻͷ꣬пֵ诽㣬Ҳȥǽд
Ѿͷִһһҹûнй
ô֪ɫһǽ
Ҳûôģڵһ


621 ӭ
ʱѾѷ˷ŵϣҴ˴кŻԷඣ
ԡȥҪϴ裡
ĻҲ̾Լģر档诣һҲȥϴ裬һԷ
ţͷ
ˡǱߵĻ˻һץסĸ첲ԡҵķקţһһ߳ų꺰磬诽һϴ
ѾͷҲŲһϴΪһߣȻǱȻһӱ˳ȥת˳ȥ
ǺЦӰʧſڣźͻ뵽ԡҡ˴ԡг֪ʲôʱѾ˻ڲԱߡһͣȻһȥ֡
Ҫ˵˴ĩս֮һֱæµɱޣڱչûй֡ʱľѾؽȻɫǻ谵ģ·ƺӫȴǽҹյͨԵøӵع
˹һַ֣Ů˵ԣʼعڴҶдԪռ䣬ֻܹˡ
ϣػصԼķ䣬ŲϡʾŽҹͳͬϹЦƿķţ㿴Ѿ˯µڴϣЦһ˯£¶Բ
귴Źϣ󲽵ߵ˴ǰƶӣ˽˳Ļ˲ǵһһˣ˴Ѿʮַŵÿܿ˾̹
ڴϣһ˫ֱĴȣϴر̢ţһһʵģǰ嵴š
ԸҪȻҰ࣬Һϲ档ʱڳϣ¶ţǰ¶ϸ֫ɵŤţ˶βóˬ˼㡣
һ޵ģͻȻһ磬ץһѵ诣ҳ׸ɣ
̽ŵţЦǱķԷǳãҲ
ǡҳʲô裿ȻԸһЩʱ򳪸裬Ҳɬѡ
ţװ˼һµǶǾˣҺܻĩ֮ǰĴй׸衣诣㳪òã
ҡȥ㳪
˫סϸܹ֫Լȥ棬߶߳
Ҫ
Ҫ
Ҫ
Ҫ
áҳ
סİԵīߵشӦų꣬죬ȴûſڡ˫ظ֫оͬһϮȫ̧㿴˳ڴ
ɽϼɡ
̫СĿڴ
ɽϼɡ
ٴһ㣡
ɽϼɡ
ûҪ֫˫ʹһᣬ㽫β뿪˳壬Ȼһ֡
š
תһԾԼڱݺݵײһ£ֱײ٣һֱˬƵ˸߷壬ɬ¶Ҳسɽϼɡ

1234
˵ҹҹǻ޵ڳϾس۳ţлŸ裬ǽڳͷԼ鷿͵˳ĿС
ͨҪ£ǳֻ꣬ǻһܵʱ䣬ٴͶ뵽ŵ֮С
ֻǳٴûйգصеͨѶ˳˰ťһĻǰֳϪס
Ƿҷɴ߷ǵٶаʱ佫뵽򡣡
ɴ΢΢üͷǵӵеͷɴжಣ
ңֻоңǸոƳģĿǰȽķɴ
ߵ·
Ľޣ
ټϣ˧ϵߣǰĽ󡣡˵
˧ϣϪȻǵʵ᲻̫һЩ
ҡͷǰʵǿбͫߣǼߡӦֻӻ߻һࡣǰĴ߻˧ΪҲֻȼðѵܹ൱Ҳ԰嵱߾ϵӦԣ˧˧ȥӦԡǵĳɳкôһӴ壬Ҳһ˽ǵʵ
ãȥ´
ر˹ĻѾվ
¡诣ϴ裬ǰĽ󡣡
ţ̵ͷ
촽˶ȴǾɥصͷ໪㷢ľ絽ƷͿսˣ
һģСȭͷ
ţȥϴ裡ԡȥ
磬Ҹ걳
Ľ
һ֮ϣŵеıͫ˧߾վԶš
ĿвƮžҷɴķ
Զ㣬ڼٵֻʱ䣬˵ҰоͳҳԼ׵ľ޴ɴ
̣ѾĿָ꣬ʾ
Ķд˾ҷɴϻʱķɴٶȣڷɴ˼Цķɴû뵽һῴķɴֻܹĲڿַɴɣ
ǰ


622 ֮
𣡡´ָ
䡭
ҷɴĴͷִĹâֻ˲ɴɴȴȻǾŵִĹɴ֮ϣɴһ㣬ҷɴĹֻҷɴϵķ㵴˼£ָƽ
ɴ˷ĴЦļҲ˼𣬹
ãһ̶ͨѶ̻سܶܶ죡
׿
µЬʼ˲仯һ׽֡
ҷɴ˳̿ʼس롣
䡭
ɴĴͷڿڣִĹ˲佫ߵҷɴƬ
ಡ
λһ⣬ϵڿڶ׼еһҷɴ
ǡ
ֱҲԷתһڿڣͬһҷɴ˫˫Ϸ˸ĿѾ˵ڶķ˲ֹһ
䡭
˫˫ϵڿ۷Ƽϵһĵ˲һҷɴǲĤ˲䱻ƣҷɴĵиƬ漴˱ը
ַɴıը̫ˣξȻըƷ˳ȥףоԼͱ˺Ƭ
ಡ
ӱըķɴڳӰֻӰľһɨоһ˾ȻһǼһ㣬ĸǱͫ
ҷɴڵһֻˣӦû˧ߣǶҷɴıըըˡ
ʱµɴڿڵת׼˳ꡣ
ಡ
οٵڿл
䡭
ɴڻ˳ȴ˹ȥ
䡭
˫˫ϵڿһһɴиƬ˺Ȼը
ಡ
ӱըзɳĸˣһһǼһͫ
ʱʣµҷɴѾӵûӰʣµɴһտڣ˳Щһֵų꣬û뵽ڵһˣһףٲͻڷɴıըС
ȴЩ˵ҷɴ˺ָ
䡭
ɴֱըˡ
ಡ
Ǽų꼤꽫׵ٶȷӵ˼£ͬʱŵҷɴ
䡭
ҷɴҲըˣǺҷɴϵ弸Ѿ뿪˷ɴû˺ǡֻǽǵķɴٵˡ
ಡ
ʣµһɴʼܣǼųж
ಡ
Ӱеķ϶д˳ȥٴηһڼٵɴը
顭
ĺ󱳸оһɴԼһǼһâնĺ󱳡
ϵĿ׼ţѾѿһ϶Ȼ֮Ϸ˸صֵסǵâǳȴͬһһ׹ȥ
ͨ
˺Уź׹䡣
Ǽһŭˮ棬ھǲԶƯŴԼٶˣٶֻʮͫʮĶ˧ߡʱֵ·ˮ棬û뵽ǰɱǣոյӭȴɱ
ûĽ뵽Ѿҷɴȥ˶ٶߡ
Ǹ׵ľʲôˣôûУ
һ˫˫Ŀע·ˮ򣬳ʱڿ죬ǵâȻû˵ȴ壬Ѫӿʮֵܡ
ס壬ϷͬʱϷӶȥ
ԶϣϪŵ߾ĵվŪһ壬˸žڴ
ǵľΪǶؿ˳걻һնУȻͬһ׹䡣Ǻ³ôˣˣĿǰʵ޷ֵ壬ֻҪг֣Ǿֻһ;
Ȼǲ֪ʲôʵǿǸղŵĳ֣ԼԲһ֮С
ڴܹٴγ֣ʱƣǵнؾˡû˿ĶûмӰ
񡭡ѵġˣ
ʱĳ뺣滹һٶףľȴѾ͸˺棬еһǼߡ˫ϵڿһٶ׵ĺǸǼ塣
ʱٶ嶼ȫעעź棬ȴųǺûгֻżһι
ͻȻ

ˣе嶼ɫһĿض𶯵ĺ档
䡭
ĵٴӺ״˳
ã
ежһ𣬵Ѿˡǵȵǳ꣬Ǽ⡣Ҳû뵽ںǷǻǶԵӵ˱ķ
ǸǼ屻ĵٴϻ˲ֽ飬ź׹䡣
䡭
ٴ˲ΣĵٴδӺױʣµĸǼһ嶼Ѿ˷ڿһ˸˳Ĺ
䡭
֮ϲϵΣһٲͣؼȥҲ޷ĸǼ塣
Զĵϡ
Ϫ˫˸ձüᶨȵԪ󣡡
ʮͫİٶһǧ˧ڵϿ¿Щߺܿڳһµ͡
ڵڶǳ꿼ǵߵʵ£һ忪սᴦھԵƣ㽫ڵڶԪ󹫿˳ȥܹߵԪѵһ


623 ɱ
ƾʮͫİٶһǧ˧ߵĺһǼĸֿҲֲ
Ԫ֮ϪǸ˵ʦܣһþ֪ͨǰһѡ
ǣ
ǸѸٵؽ˳ȥһƬ
ء
˻ɽӺˮг˳Ȼ׵ڻסĸǼ壬㲻ٶںסԴľΪͻƵƷһ㣬ʵ൱Ǽ㣬ûһʵ൱Ķ֣شսһ
ĸǼһܹ֡
û뵽˻ǼһһԼƷһľĸǼһҲû˿İա
֣ܲ뽫ĸǼ赲һĸǼ߽˵ǶĽǲ롣ֱһѡ
ˮĳɴſףսſеĸǼ߳˹ȥǸոճˮȴȻһ٣ǸߵĴϪ뷨ɫЩԥ
Ϫ˵ŵķȥܻܿϪǴ֮֡ϪܹնɱһǼɻóɺܶࡣ
ĿüᶨΪ࣬ǲɱġ಻ֻԼһػԼҲػסֻ඼˶־ս⣬дϣ
ಣ
ͻȻı˷һ򼲷ɶȥĸǼ塣Ѿ׵ٶ˼ޣȴɱĸǼ
ٶȴӺ浽ﵺϿֻһ˲ʱ䣬ĸǼûü·ĵ쿴һۣѾ˵Ͽա
ǰ漲ɵĳȻסΣȻתסǺĸǼоһϾǿǼ׵˲ͣ٣˫Ŀ˶ĳꡣ
ǡ
ʱһصܴǵ·˹
ã
ĸǼиոһһâѾһǼߵϡǸǼ߱ͬһڵһر˳ȥʣµǼһ㶵Ĺ򣬿һʮɽ˳գͬһ˲ûһǼ塣

ʮɽһ磬ǸǼϹιѪɼ䣬¶һüӴӿе䡣
һĻȸղŵһǼ屻ԪɻҪ𾪣ǼеӦһԵĵطô˵գ
ȻңǼ˹ѾˡǸʮɽͷâֽһǼûˣʣµһǼʱѾˣ׵ʵ֮ϡҲ˲תͷķӶȥ
ಡ
׷˹ȥ

һ޹ǵȻˡһʮɽ׷˳꣬Խ˳꣬ǰӵǸǼ弤ȥ
žžž
һӿյ𣬴ӵһǧſзڿеɱžԪ͡ǵϷһӰǵͷϵǸǺϼƺɵǼ塣
ǸǼֻǱǺһ˹ȥȴûʱӿе䡣
ȣ
ϪһһǧͬʱӱۣԪ۵һٴκǸӿеǼϡ
䡭
ǸǼٴα˳ȥһƬѪꡣԹȥǼʧȥڱƣȴҲʹ˹
һѣҵʹ˳Ǻոպһ룬һۺһκ壬ϵļ⿪ʼѣڵĹͷʮ
һߵʲôʱʶԭ˸߲ҵѾ·Űɱķʽȴû뵽ո̤ϵأͱͷȰۿǸ׷ϵǼڷɿؽӽǣһֱ֮䲻֪Ǻá

ǵҰУǸɷɽɵ׷ǸǼ壬뵽м䡣ڱһɲǣǸǼеĳͻһƬײ
ϡ
һ٣ͷϪǱߣϪһνǸǼɵ˿С
䡭
ǸǼڱ飬֫ӿһǼֱϪһȺþԪ͵ϮɱǸ鲻֪᲻ίһΡ
ϡ
һǼڷɽпֹ֣磬Ȼٶһָ
ɱߺһ
ɱ
еһźߡ

ɽѪɣһüӴӿе䡣һǼ䡣
ಡ
˹ȥɽڿ̻ͬɢ̼ϵնɱ˹ȥ
Ļˣܶܡû˷ɴûǼߵıǲܴԽɭֺɽѾʧȥϵֻеȴһǰߡҪȵǸʱ򣬾ȱǰһء
ǰһܹȥ
ǼѾݻǵģһǧɱ˹ǵͷܡܵùķɽ
룡
ֻ룡
̼ϵ߾ͱķɽնɱһաȻ˷ɽȡսߵʵ׷ɱĶ֮С


624 
սУҲûжһξµ߱նɱҲûжþȥǡֻרĵػӵ׷ɱһͫ壬Լʵ
һһ浹ɱʧȥĵֻ֪ܣʵۿۡҲǵռšǼʹˣҲʮɼߵĵ̡
սúܿ죬ֻǰʱѾնɱ˴룬ʣһСӻ硣û˷ɴǲԶûһһһ壬ڵ˵һȶء
꿪ʼԼľ˳ȥʱѾں¶ԼܡʵһеĹ˼ɡڳľѰ£һ屻Ѱ˳Ȼ꽫߷ֳСӣ߶֪ܵǣһ׷ɱսۿʼˡ
Ѱʱ䣬ڽеȫ𡣳Ϫųһ
˱㿪ʼ̱ɴƬЩƬûȥѧоҲ벻Ľ
εսջ޴󣬲ȫɱǰַ壬õٴλָƽҵߵõϴ̤ʬõϴһɨ֮ǰĿ־塣ΪҪǴЩĴԪռڵõ˺ܶණ
Щҩҩȣرһд½ͼó
ʱбڴϷⱾд½ͼһһһš
Ȿд½ͼг֪Ƭ޾ɽɭֵĶһƬ½д½ŵӵǨƹȥĵһ塣
һƼ磬ʮǵҲûȫ˽д½мȴûйҵ
д½ʵĴźͰ˴塣˴ҪĴ΢һЩĴźͰ˴֮»Сźͼ壬ǿŴĵ򣬽һǳء
Ϊעȴĩսٵԭ򡣡д½ͼ𰸡
һоĻþѾԼǵķչܾۼһ𣬾˰̽ҵͨһռıϣȻ˰ʱȷ˿ռϵһٶʮ˸ڵ㣬ȻǺһٶʮ˸ڵ㣬ͨıϡ
ǡ
ĩսˡ
忪ʼ˼Ǩƣǧ࣬ʮȥɣһƬޱ޼ʵĴ½Ƭ½Ϊд½
Ƭ½ԪŨǵʮܿصõطһ㻹ǲӦǾڴ֮ͨǵд½ʧȥ˹һƬڰ֮С
һֱȥ࣬Ѿ˹ϰ˺ڰǾĳһգȴػָþΥ
弤ˣǳҹػףǵȶ֮󣬱һЩһ̽նΣջص˵͵Խӵĵطȴ֮ıѾָֻˣ
·д½˸߲ҵͨѾرգӽ档
ǡ
Ǹ˵̫ˣ
Ǳͨ磬ȻϻָȴһֱʮѾڰȴͻȻˣıͻȻһαˡ
д½һƬ֮һһ̽նӣļأһ罻紦Ƿıһʧˣһͨˡ
Що˺ܾãҲûоķȻûҵķȴ罻ͨĵطһԲ飬ЩԲ龭ЩܵоȻһֿռӣΪͨһֶ
ֶһ΢͵磬ҪȴԪռ߼ܹ࣬ûĿռ䡣ϲ񣬵ǿϧֻҵʮ
ȴ˵ϾȻֳ壬ҺЩúץһЩоȴЩֻú񣬵ǻȴͬ
ǱץһЩȥΪūūһд½ĺ棬ǵʱĵڶͳץūĳͬʱĲǰҲɽɭеЩ޵ע⣬ޱ㿪ʼٹ򣬵ڶˡΪһƬĹš
ֹȥ꣬ٴ𶯣ٴη룬ʧȥĹٴν١
ʮ󣬺ڰһν١νٲûĿֻţЩܸȵļأѾԤ⵽κڰĽ٣Щܸû뵽ȥ̽飬ȥֿռ֮㷵д½Щͼ಻ֵЩܿһۡ
ǡ
Щͼпʼ׷ѰȵĽŲ򣬿ʼͲūĵ·ͬޱ˵򣬵ˡ
Ȼ䣬Լ翴ڿмˣӦռӵܰɣ
ǸʹԼĿռӣʱΪʲôǿӻ˾޴ı仯
Ǻö
ͬʱҲʮǰɱЩֻǰͲ׽Ϊūĵһ󻹻ǰջ߼ע⣬޴򣬽
֮ʱţһη룬˼䣬ǻкܶڵ򣬵򽫻һ޺е硣
롭
ȻЩ޻Ϊ룬ԪŨ½ʵؽֻͣ˵֣Ҳδ֮Ϊ࡭


625 뿪
ˡд½ͼĿ⽥رüᶨߵĻһ˿ӵʵ磬Ҫ𣿡
ţ
˵ͷܲߣΪ棬ΪԼҪ뿪ǰд½
ֻǰд½ŪһУܹҵֹǰķܹҵֹķ
ֻнд½ܹѰҵ֮;Ҫ۷壬ǰд½
ʲôʱߣʵ
һµһܺ󣡡
ãܹٶһ𣿡
ҡҡͷ诡ղҲˡд½ͼ²ܹϣԽԽá
ֳһ诣ܹͨһϳ˹һΪһЩҩҰѵصҲҪúҲǼҾͻ㡣
ţһģЩʡ
һƷͼƷҲڸ㣬ҲΪһЩҩУҲ͸㡭
һ㻹Ҫȥ
û£ҵľѾﵽƷһеٶѾڿףԾûпףҲܹɳ
ǡȴд½ʮΣգҸҪ
ˣҡͷ׶˵Ѿˣһд½˵ᱻױ¶ݣΪΣա
ǡ诽ɣ
ɵѾͷһ»ıӵֻǾߣҪҪ

ɣҽ״㣡
꽫״˻֮󣬱㽫Լ˹ΪҩͬʱҲܶ಻֭֮ҺܷƿһֱҹŴӹڳҩͲ֭֮Һ͸˻ΪǽһҩͲ֮ЧãְѾ͸˻
һҹ
ڴϲһҹν۷塣
ա
˼һ죬Ȼ֪ͨϪԼҪ뿪Ϫβó뿪óգҪ֪ͨúɫõΪСѲֻôӦ
ļʱ괦һ¸飬㽫еʱ䶼ӵ鸸ĸӼϡ
ʱ÷ɿ죬ֹȥ죬һҵĻ֮󣬳뿪ˡ
ũͨͨһһӵ˸ĸӼˣȻֺϪ˸̤ǰд½;
ĳʵѾͬ͵һ̤֮𡣵ߵ;˼սԱɱ롣Щȴ޷赲ĽŲοĳѾԷУ
ܿ죬˵ĩս֮ʱǸɽϿգʱǸɽѾˣڿĬĬ·ţһĻĻԺ֡̾Ϣһǰȥһ˦
һա
վһɭֵǰɭָһּΣյϢһſŹʮֵش׳ߴʮ׸ߣÿһҪ˲ܹΧ
ûдɭֵϿշɹǰд½һ񣬾һ·򾡿ܵնɱЩʵǿޣֻҪʧȥЩʵǿ޵Ĵ죬Ͳܹγɴģ޳ҲͰȫࡣ޳ӿûи߽׵ޣϪҲܹӦ
ȡսУһһ̤ɭ֣ɭںֻܾܹĽŲų겻ϵǰУɭпʼһ㱡ųýŨӾʧȥá
꽫ӿŲû˿١
һֳڳǰĿһɨִԼжٶɣÿһߴʮף˺ϱô֦֡ܵӸߴ£һֱ棬ͬһʮֵ
ľѸٵɨûзʲôޣһսһһȥ
ܿߵֵм䣬Ȼǵʹ֦趯Ǳ紵趯һֹÿһͬһֱޣ˺˿Х˳ꡣ
Χ趯ͬһƬɫĺ˲佫Ӱû
ϡ
лսһһʮֵؼͣսײײֱ۱÷飬˲佫۷壬ҼǱȴɱ˳ȥ
һѪŴ˷ϿշȥͬʱʮɽΧ档ҪƬ֣Σ֮ٺúù۲Ƭ֡
顭
鱬˿ϿͷسųóϷαʮּѣڿ΢һͣ٣̳ͬһɫĸֱޣ鱬û
ͬеһҶۣһɫĻş̌ͷһϷգȻ׹ڿһתͷ½ŵ漤ȥ
ˡ
ʮɽų꣬γһתͷһߵֵǧĹһŵȥ
ˡ
κܿ˵صףǧ֦ӵ̵˰ѱɽɵɱЩ
ף
ʮף
ʮף
һף
¡¡ŵصȥĹȴŵصȥ¶һ˿־塣
ĳ꾫ѾʮǿڿƷɽʱȫͷһ־ռ䡣ղһ뵽صףͷųľռ䡣
ǡʲô


626 ص׼
ľؿһƬֵȻһ꿴ڵصһΪִĸִĸӳٸ֧Щ֧ĸǵϵٸĸ
Ҳ˵ϵָһ
ֲֻǿ󣬶еʮĬΪԭһ
ĸųܶҪסķɽһŵصȥһֱĸΪֹͣ
һɨȷǸһʮɽǸɱȥ
¡¡
ص׷ִĸŷɽɨͬʱ˷Ҳĸųͷŵʮɽ֮£ͬ֯һžҪȥʮɽ
һͬ޴һ˳꣬Ǿҵ
ã
ԭѾԼĹΧȴоĵܹ
оһݣٻڹʮɽ̷ʮɽִȡʮɽγһ޴ͷ棬ŵصȥ

ʮɽתμٵŵصȥ
¡¡
ִĸų꼱׷ڳľؿִĸƷ֧ͬ޼ԽԽ
ͻȻ޼һظھ겻һ׵ĵطһ٣Ȼʼ˻ȥ

곤һĳȲˣڼ׷ȥԼܲ
ͬһȥ˳˼ѡһѡǴӵص뿪Զ޴Ȼٻص֮ϣд½ķǰһѡǺһɱ
ճ껹ǾһһҪͨϵսԼһҲһǼһʵǺϣսʤ
ǣҲס˺ֲﾫսܹԼ򵥵ļ֡˵ɣѾһγһ֣Ȼʵȳľ΢һ㣬ȴδûɱĿܡ
ⳡڳ˵ͬʮֵΣգ
꽫չڵص׵ĸֲ鿴úϸΧʼ֣γٿĸնϣͬ־Ͳܹγһó˴ʧˡ
˾ڵصƶֵΧƶϷҲһǴϸ΢Ĳܹоǿһֱڹעųꡣ

ݺݵ³һĿϷȥʱѾֵΧĿܹ֮һĸǿΧһ·źĵһ
ˡ
ͷųʮɽǸɱȥֻ˲ͽǿĸɱ÷顣
ˡ
ʮɽԱߵһɱȥ
һ飬֮һſȻء
¡¡
صٴηĸų˹ŵصǱӶȥĸͬһֻֻһų׷
ų룬ЩԽԽ٣ֻʣ޴Ĵɿٵؽҧڳ󲻷š
΢΢һüͷȻסתҲΪƵ
¡¡
ִĸͬ޴Ĵų꼱Ѷ
ˡ
ʮɽӭ޴ĸ
䡭
ͷɽײһ

·һУڳľܹؿԼķɽиִĸ֮ϣȻûжǸȴǳǳۼ
üͷ΢΢ֻǳǳĺۼƺûиǸǹǿ
ϡ
ʮɽغײһҵʱ䣬κβó꣬ѵػ˻ȥ
˻ȥٴһΧȥǿʶ˳ҪʲôϾղѾΧʮ
¡¡
ĸųӶγûӱܣѾǿʵҴʱƬֵΧҲеĸֻܹ꣬һٲָܹ
̷ֳʮɽӭЩӶĸʮɽеʮɽҪִʮɽɱĸɽʼɱΧֵ
䡭֮ϲϵء
ϡ֮£ķɽϵĸײš
β룬ֻΧΧתţϵؽΧķָжǺĹϵʹһſŵءȻ𲽵룬һƽ
һҪ㹻ĵСʱʱ佫мǿþ޴Ĺ֮е㶼
ص֮£ֻǱжϵЩٿĸڣЩų깥š
ǴʱֺѾǿ֮ĩնɱֻʱ⡣Ҳ㹻ģʮɽһһزʳֵĸϵغǿײѾʼˣɫҺ壬бķɽиһζθʼжϡ


627 ż
㻨˳Сʱʱ䣬ŽǿڵĶиࡣʱվǸ޴Ĺĸ£̧ͷȥڸһ޴ɫԲֱ״СʱǸɫԲţ·ںһ
ಡ
һɽǸɫԲ򣬽ǸԲһӡ
ۡ
ɫҺ嵱ͷѳ꽽һͷһһ漴һɼˬĸоϮͷ
֪һֶ弫ı̴ȡһԡͰǿԲ棬Ȼ÷ɽɫԲϵĿԲڵɫҺͬһСٲһӿ˳
֮ϣǿùۿɼٶȿήˡ
֮£һͰɫҺ壬Ȼһڡ΢˼һ£ѵؽ·ѵ뵽ԡͰڡ
һ뵽ԡͰ֮ڣоȵˬϮͷ·Ʈƶһ㡣סˬҪ˯ߵͷʼתǳ
ǳһתŨԪɫҺӿ˳ڣһĴתӿ˳ĵмǿǳתŨԪתɾǳ֮ǿǳ֮ڡ
ֿʼŴĺɫɳ⣬겻߲ݵԪתǳһȥ֮󣬳ųʲǺɫǱɺɫڶȥӳųʲǺɫǱ˻ɫ
ȥųʲǻɫǱһֻҰɫȥʱ򣬳ųѾǻҰɫһ̰ɫ̰ɫҺ岻ȳɢһ㡣
ˡ
ĵһʼǿǳһѾһȦ̲ȵͻˣӻƼͻƵ̼
۾Ŀ˸ϲáгŷɽŵ֮ϳȥ
䡭
ɽĽʮɽ˵棬ȥٿ㶼ǿмĸѾȫή
꽫˳ȥȻԭ˲ʧһѾһϷһ˺֮С
ճϵʴϴɾ֮󣬳ȡһˬ·ϣϥںӱߵĲݵתǳղû̽ԼϸΪ״һתǳоһϲ
ʵȻһ·ͻƵ̼۷壬ֻһͻƵ༶ϲʷ˷츲صı仯оתǳԪٶȼﵽԭ屶
þϸɨԼ壬Լʮͨ͸ʹԪû谭չ˳˼ΪɫҺӦڲֻ֮ƷҪȲ֮ҪϺܶࡣ
·صӤĴȻ겻֪Լӳ٣Ǵӳǿ϶顣
ٴν뵽磬ԡͰеɫҺɫѾˮ֪ЧѾľ뵽ҺڶٻӦЩЧ㽫ԡͰҺڵҩ԰С
֮г˫һǰٷȥڷе;нӿɨ·Ѱޡ
ķٶȼ죬ӽ뵽Ѿȥһˣһɱ˽ٸͫ޺ʮǼһޣЩ޵ʬ嶼սС
һա
鸡ڿУ·ȥ·һںһ޴ĽʯͬһСǸ޴ĽʯϷſһֵĶһûмĶ
ǸһǣǺ󣬶һֻ״ķȴȫ
ɫ͸ģ͸ǵ貵Ĺâͬһſǳһ㡣ΧͬһĴ֣Ǵʮֳнٸ˳ŽʯչˮУ뵽ˮ֮£֪ж೤
ǴҲ͸ģ˸ǵ貵Ĺâӿ·ȥǸֵĶͬһСƬǿա
ľǸһɨĿһﾹȻﵽǼʵǳһʵǿҶﻹʮֲ˽⡣ͷųһɽһ£ǰĿдƿյ
ľٵŴƿ֮ķɨȥһҷɴԼ͵뵽ҷɴࡣ
ǰȥˣ
ͷһ·Ǹǰ·ȥ䵽˺ߵĴУغõԼ壬ȻͷųһɽŽʯǸǰＤȥ
ۡ
ɽںǰϻȫûзϱиһӡ

ǸͻȻѿһŴ죬һ߿ֵغг˷ŭ
䡭
ˮˣںˮеĽͻȻӺˮڿ裬ÿһж貵ǵ㣬ӴԶֻڿ裬ǰľɫʮֵع
еķɴͣʱѾɽסϢǱһ֦ҶïʢĹϣſȥ
еķɴ˲ţһ˴Ӳڷ˳·ȥǸ貵ȻͷŲڼش󺰵ޣ
һ˴Ӳڷ˳·ȥޣֻǲһĶְ
ôˣŷɴغذĥ
ʱ򣬺мǸ޵ǵۣ۳ֻ۾ģ˿е˺ͷɴ


628 

Ǹ޷һŭȻͬһһſеķɴȥֻ˺棬ͬǻƳմβ棬
ಡ
·һֱ޳ƿȻӺ淭ת˳ſе˺ҷɴ˹ȥ

е˾һʱҪܼĴѾܣ˺ɵس˷ɴ֮ڣŽعϡ
顭
ֳֻ˷ɴ֮ϣȻҷɴزƣսϵĳ궼ܹյñεġ֨
ɴϴһڿڣ汬һ٣Ǹ޵ϡ

Ǹ޷ĺʮֻ뿪˷ɴڿз裬׼ʮڿڣͬʮǹһ̽ڿС
䡭
ʮڿڳըˣʮֱը÷飬ʮڿڵıըҲɴըǧٿףðź·ĺ׹䡣
ɴϵʮͬʱ򿪣˴˳
ಡ
޷ſ˷ɴʮ·裬ֻ˲һٶڿб÷顣
Ǹڿͬһһٵתţʮֻչͬһ͵ķ糵
ಡ
顭
߱ڿг飬ľڿУҷɴ֮ڴԼҲٶߣֻһ˲䣬˶ٶࡣʣµܹʱȥļʮ嶼ϵ塣Լʮ˼ϣʮͫһǼһ߼µ嶼Ǹ˲
˻
굹һҲ̫˰ɣȻֻǼľ磬սԳǼ
ʱʣµǼʮѾ޴ֵķΧһɫʮֵѿ⼸ʮ岢û뿪Ŀмֻޡ
ô뿪
żӺͲūǰԭǶᾫӢȻץһūȥһʲơأ
ᾫӢˣʣԼ⼸ʮϼһôȥĳͷǶ㲻ȥġ
Ψһİ취ǲֻޣܹĳͷǶֻҲʮֵشѣҪ֪޿ܹߵʵֻҪɱֻޣȽȡʬһʱ䣬Ȼٰ޵Ҫ˻ؼ㹻ǽˡ
ҲˣǰֻֻǼһǼһʮͫʮ˼ϵߣȫԺֻζؽĥ
Ȼһٶȱɱֻܹ˭ˡΪʵͶܼĳͷһжֵá
ʮȡԼıɢ޵Χ޻·䣬Ǹʯ֮ϣʮִ˽ʯ֮ϣ˺ˮУ·𿴲Щһ㡣
ʮ໥һۣһеıΪ׵ǸǼһȣͬʱ·ǿ齸ʯϵնȥ
ռ˼ХռŤʮâűѵŽʯϵ޼ն¡
䡭
ǸͻȻӽʯʮֻڿ衣
顭
ʮâնеֻޣ޵屻ʿ˼ֱնϣ޵Һ壬һ͸д貵ǵҺ塣

ʮҽ˳ľɨգʮ񱻴ֲסսѾճΣӿе
䡭
ʣµʮۼԼȥƴ֮ģ׷ѡת߶ԪԱ޷һҽУʮֱԱ÷顣޴ŭʣµļʮµЩ弱չȥͬʱڿмٵطЩ˹ȥ
顭
ʱ屻޵ĴֲƣȻЩ׷Աڼؼ٣޵ĴҲڼؼ٣貵ǵҺ޵˳ͬһөڿз衣
΢ɢȥհҹ١
ĿͻȻһһ貵ǹҹгֻ֣޻ۡ
ǡǳ֮
ⲻܹóԾܹǳ֮һ֮Уǳ֮ҪǰŨ̫࣬еǳ֮ɲǵ㣬һߡ
һǳ֮ķǳڵϵʱþġڲþ£ĩʱûп
ǽˣ
ô£
޵Ĵ˻ȥ·׹䣬ǿ齸ʯ֮ϣȻһҹǵǳ֮Žʯϵ޻ۣľ˹ȥоһڷҹеǳ֮ϵ˿ҲڽȬ
ҹУǸǼɫ䣬һܹǳ֮ϵؽ
䣬޳˹ȥеĳųĽâն˺нʯϵޡµҲ׷׵޸壬
䡭
޵ĴٴηûдӽʯϷֻЩֹš
һЩռƣڿеĳܼһâ޸ոЩȬһѿ貵Һ塣
ȴɲ뿪ǸʯֻǻŴֵֵĽǳ֮γһУڻۡ
ۿŸոոɵ˿ֿʼֺϣЩɫڽӰ֮£Ϊǿ֮ľԽԽ
䡭


629 
ǸȻͬһڵһس彸ʯϳͬһһſ˲㽫е嶼ڴ֮УȻš
ȡ
ǸǼʮͫ߾еĳŴֿȥ
ಡ
δЩеĳȥ޵ĴȻգǻٶ̫ˣڿһӰЩȫʧȥж
顭
Щ嶼ˤ˺еĽʯ֮ϣǸӴӿзɿ䡣
顭
޴˽ʯ֮ϣе嶼֮£Ȼһ䶯Щعڣľܹؿ͸Щʹ
䡭
еͬʱѡԱޱըȻִӿеûеʯ֮ϣǵ˺ˮ֮С
ľ̽˺ˮ֮УǸ޵Ѿը˿ֳʮֻ֣ʮ֮仹ǣţûȫѡ
ǳ֮ǿ齸ʯ֮ȴ޷뵽ˮ֮СǸѵشӺˮźƮ
겻ٵȴʮɽХźˮ¼ںˮʮˮ˲䵽Ǹ޵ϡ
ৡ
ʮɽʮ֮ǣ׸ϣȻ޵ʮںڷ
⻹
˷ɽ͸ˮйסһޣӺˮ̳˦˰ϡһȻڣȴԽԽӦѾˣֻ񾭻δȫ͸Ҫһʱ䡣Щ貵ǵҺȴǱ˦õǣóһʹȻڻ֪ЩҺ徿ʲôãȴ֪һá
ȡһԪռ䣬þһս˴ԪռڡԪռǷյģǸ޵һֽ뵽Ԫռڲӱ㽩Ӳ
þһһֵս˴Ԫռ䣬֮ǰ޺弤սжϵЩҲŹ㶼ս˴Ԫռ䡣
Ȼ㿪ʼȡ˴ʼռԪռЩҺ塣뿪׼ʮֳ֣ԭʹǰд½;лɱޣ׼˴лкܶͰ
Щ޵ѵʬװ˴ͰУȻһ˿ؽЩҺռһ֮УæСʱŽһʰϡ
һƨڲݵźеǿ齸ʯȥǿ齸ʯϿջǵǳ֮Ŀһηǿ齸ʯ֮ϣȡսʯϵ̦ȥĿһ
ʱĳѾԭëͷСӣŵڶķ͵ָĳѾǳزѧһ۾ϳ齸ʯһ޴ʯһƷǳߵʯ
ֲûǳ֮
ͻȻһϥڽʯ֮ǳȻЩǳ֮·ҵйһ㣬ųڷӵ
ȻȲȴǱ֮ǰڵ˲֪ٱһ˿ԥǴӴԪռȡһƿӣ˸ӣָƿպһЩ޵Һ壬Ȼָŵ˿ʡ
䡭
̸о޴ɣͬӳһŵڻۡ
⡭ǳ֮ʵ̫ˣ
ֻ˲䣬ڵǸǹڵӱһȦ
ˡ
һ̼۷ͻƵ༶תǳһֱЩ޵ҺһɶʵѾʮֽӽ༶۷塣
̧ͷУѾ¶һ˿΢⣬֪ԼһҹôٵҺԼһҹԼͻƵ༶
⻹ֱֻӷʳҺ壬ǰЩҺƳҩ
̽뵽֮УʼЩʯϹۿȴûҵ޵ļأ˼һ£Ҳڷ֮ǰˣûȥ磬ҲûмޣԲûй޵ļأлһ·֪ʶҲûй޵ļأֻ˳磬˽ʯ֮ϡ
ͻȻЩȥ壬ľѸٵ˳ȥʼɨһ䣬ɽ裬һ壬ڵĴԪռǰĽʯϡ
˵㣬ٶʮ˸
һԪռ䣬ֳϲɫһЩҩͿʯЩҩͿʯʶʶĶϡ֮С
滹Щҩÿȡһƿڵʵһһ飬Щҩеģе˵ģеڻָԪģеǽⶾġ
ÿҩҲƷʵǸǼӵеľǸƷʵҩ
ЩҩһЩҩ˳ķ֮ЩҩЧúЩҩЧôͬС죬ھȴҩȻЧҲҪҩֻǵҩҪҩҩд½Ҳ֮С
һЩࡣһóӦڵЩУӦɢڸӳʼѰһѰѱսٶʮ˸һռ
Ȼż̽ЩԪռ䡣ڴԪռڳ껹һЩ鼮꣬ռһ£پʮһекܶظģһܹʮֲͬ鼮ʮ鼮ʮÿһܹͨһĹ
Щ鼮ռķһЩӨʯͷ겻֪Щʯͷʲôóһб̸о̲صȵԪþ͸ȥȻ̲ŨԪ


630 
ʲô겻ס
֪ûаԣ
ǿ龧ӨʯͷԪתǳоŨԪǿʯͷгȡ˳뵽Լڣ˴תӿ뵤
չоӨʯͷ
Ȼٶࡣö
̽еľӨʯͷһ£ܹǧ˰ʮһ顣ٶǧ飬ʯͷ
꽫һʰ׵֮󣬱ٴη˸߿ǰٷУͬʱ·ɨ·ޡ
˲ʱ䣬ַһжޣһǸ޳˹ȥǸ޻ǧ׵ľ룬㽫ʮɽ˳ȥֻǺǸǶ޴˼ӣĶӡ
ԭܼ򵥣ķɽȻ˲ǸޣǸҲɧŵ÷ŭˣȻ׷ꡣ
Ǹ޵ٶȼ죬ŵóֱŸ߿շȥһֱɽգǸ޲ŷ˻ȥ
鸡޾֮УľʱѾףԼʵǸޣԼıС֮ǰܹиޣΪѾǸûˣʵֺԼͬԼ޷˺Է
һõıȡ˳ԼķɽԱһ£ȻıҲԼķɽƷҪáٶָ꽫ѡ˳ִѡʮƷõĳþʹ
ֻǳһ£ջ˾ΪһʹʮҪȳķɽ˺ֹֻܶ࣬һ飬ָܹʹֻܹʹʮ
ǳִʮѡʮƷߵĳȻһ縩ȥ
𡭡
ֻĽָʱŭĽһſеĳ˹ȥ
ಡ
ʮֻĽ㼤ȥǷ˿Ľ˾롣
ۡ
ȻεʮƿļֻƿĿӲȴǸŭ㣬ų˻˹
һ߿ʮڿٴδ㣬һ߼ٵغ롣ڿУӰһǳӵӰһ׷Ӱ
ѾԼٶ˼£׷ʮͣڿӹ壬һһεع㡣
ⳡսķСʱŽֻɱԼҲ۵ôӿ£һƨڵϣͷһ㡣
ϢСʱŻָ˹ʬսڵĴԪռ䣬Ȼһǰȥ
һ·ϣնɱʮֻжޣº󣬳һֻ޵ʱĶӣҾͲһ׷ϡǳҲһ⣬ǾЩȻŷɵյȴƺܲԸɳÿɳ⣬ǾͷŭغмȻͷɻȥ
ǼʹˣҲЩޡͬʱҲǼ޽뵽򣬿Ҳ͵˵ʱ̡ԳδйҪϵд½
ֻеܹʹԼʵҲֻԼʵȥܹعػࡣ
Գ㾡ڵ棬ֻڸ߿зУͬʱ·ȴԲȥκޡ
мξȻܹоľų귢ŵóһ·ɳ⡣֮󣬳ͷˣֻĵڸ߿зС˵ʱ򣬳ͷɳǳ
µʱ䣬ÿǳʳ޵Һ壬ʹʵúܿ죬µʱʵѾ༶۷壬ⲻܲ̾޵
Դﵽ༶۷֮ƺƿһʱ䣬ȴ޷ͻıϡ
ϥգǧ˼һ£ȡһ޵Ĵ֣Ȼ÷ɽиһС飬ŵ׽¡
䡭
һɰɣ¡¡سһ죬ӿ˵ڵǸӿʼ
ǡ
ճ껹ûͻơ֮гԹδȴûͻƣ˳ĿͶ޵м岿֡÷ɽиһУ̱֮ǰʮԪڳɡ
ˡ
ĵٴη˳ش༶۷ͻƵڡͻƵ֮󲻽ʵʵʵڳ˵ĿǰǼߣΪľﵽ˼Ʒһ൱ߵǼ꿴е֮ı仯
ߵսʱԺͶԶ̹ߴڱľ棬ռžԵơ
ȱҲǷǳԣǾĿһƷһľߣһһξ߽ӽ壬һҲܹ
߲ͬһڵǾԲܱһξһģֻҪǸξеı¿ߵĲϣҲܹ˵ߡߵơ
Գںľһ㣬ﵽ֮󣬳ǿȽһµľ磬óһݰȫС
˴ӽ絽Ѿȥ˽£߽ȷǳ죬һ֮ѾӻƼһ·ͻƵľȴһֱûеõͻƣΪʱҪϺܶࡣ
һֱ¹ȥľŴӼƷһڣ൱ǼһˣǾǳٶȽˣ³ÿҹǳʱ򶼷ʳмĲ֣ҲûͻƵϼֻǴͻƵڡ


631 д½
ҲԽԽѣٶȽһ飬⻹ΪԼΪǸֵҺݶı䣬ټİţһ㡣
ĵº󣬳СӳѸٵ̽··޵Ʒʼ½ˣдϲζžд½ԽԽˡ
һա
ڿмٵطУȻԶԶ·˼ҵش·ɨȥ㿴Χһޡ
Ǹʮ֣һͷû塣ֻڴͷֻֻͷ֮һŴռݣŷݡ
пֹ⾫һɨ㷢˺ֻͷ־ȻǼżһƺ˲Ӧ˳ľ㶼ķһۡ
ಡ
ҲŸ߿ֱӷ˳ȥһ·óԼٶȳ⣬һżԶķȥ
֮һҹСԭ·أ·ǽһƬǸͷڵһѾʧټɱ˴ͷ֮Ѿ뿪
ľɨ裬ûз˼޵ټǸͷֵأո󣬻û޸ҹ
СؽǸͷȥǸͷѾ͸ˣڷݶˣر˰ˡ˵ЩݾǴͷĶĶûãҲᱻ֮졣
Щģ㽫ΧӿҪѰһû󱦱ܿҵǸͷ־סɽһݱ뵽ɽ֮ڡ
ɽ֮һƬǽ壬һͱ˷ˣⲻʮйվɽ룬չɽĶ͸ȥȻ䣬ɫһ㶣̶ֳ˿ϲ
ڶַһɽǸɽڷͷֵʬ壬ֻ΢˼һ£ƲͷֵʬӦǸͷֵĸĸ档ɱͷֵ˲ûз֡
ʹʮɽʼڣʮɽתͬһ޴ͷܿͨǸɽ̳ͷֵʬǰ˵ͿʼӴͷֵȡЩݡ
ÿͷֵʮݣͷܹоʮݡԼǰľʮѹзž޴ϲá
ЩӲȣͶȣзȶҪȳõıǿ̫࣬ڳ꿴ֱÿһݶһװҳþʹҪָʹֻܹʹ߸ݡ
֪Щܲɷɽ߳
갮ϧؽʮ뿪ɽֱӷ˸߿գһΣյĵط˭֪ʲôʱǼռط
̤ǰδ½̡
һ󣬳Խɽӹ޾ɭ֣˼һ·ǰУĸоǣͫߣ繷˧µ߶һȺ꣬߾Ӷࡣ
һ·ϼ˵˵ȴɶд½˽ⲻ࣬һ뵽һӡ
ʱѾ֪ЩӨʯͷʯЩʯĸҲд½ͨ˻ҡרЩʯɵǮңңһʯ൱һҡ
յ֮ǰ֪ʯĻ;ֻ֪ܹǳʱ򶼸õ߰˰ˣֻʣʮ顣
뵽һͨҲܴ󣬵Ϸɳлŷɳó˲д½ĿƼѾﵽһԶĸ߶ȣҪ֪ﻹֻһӡ
۲һ㷢ͷɳҲгģֻʣʮʯίʵãͽšҪϢϤд½ȻѡƹݡͽѰһҾƹݽȥ򵥵ص˺һƱһغһΧʳ͵̸
ͣ˰Сʱ귢ЩʳͶ̸һ飬Ǿд½ʮһȵͽȡ
ִд½ģʵô˵ҲԣӦĴźͰ˴塣ĴźͰ˴ͽӡЩֻ˷̸ܵǸпܱĸŻǸߴԼʵչԼδҪ˽İ˴ĴϸϵʹȵĲ֮ȴû˵
óʮֲֽܹʡһ¶ˣԳֻƽĽȴţŹЩʳ͵һ̸
ʱͻȻһ﷢š顱һһ㱻Ǹ˳ײ˼Σˤڵϡ
ĿһӸղŵϣԴﵽ༶ǸҲֻײ˼Σݺݵˤڵϣǵȴû˿𻵣һ˿ѷ춼ûС
ľѸٵɨǽ͵棬оһĽ϶ûмģȴ쳣ؼֲ̣༶ߵһʽ֮¾Ȼû˿𻵡
һӽ˳ӳһʯڹ̨֮ϣ˵Щˣ
̨֮ƹЦеǿʯҲվһԿ֡
ǸһߵѪĿгŷŭݺݵضŶǸƵƣƾʲôң
ޣƲмһǸ꣬˵СӣԺԶһҲɱ㡣
Ϊʲôֲϲ㣡
ϲϲҲҪֻҪ֪ϲˡ


632 
ϲϲҲҪֻҪ֪ϲˡ
㡭Ѿа˸ˡ
ҵı£Ʊӵ˵һСӾͲҪˣӡ
ƲмҡҡͷҲӶˣҪʲôûʲôǸ¶
Ǹǿ˵ϲң
͡ЦһƼҴСϲ
ҲǷǸ˫Ŀغһҵʵᳬ㣬һȢġ
ңƵһ˿ɱ⣺˵˻᲻ᳬң
㡭
顭
Ǹո˵һ㡱֣ƵѾĸǰһŽ߷˳ȥӺݺݵײڰ׿ǽϣۡһһѪŵˤȥ
ľһɨ֪Ǹ༶۷ʵǸȴֻһ༶۷壬֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ
ಡ
ƵǸ˹ȥһֻҽűֱͬһ˴ǹżǹǸݺݵز˹ȥһŲУǸɡ
һ˲ʧԭأڳʱѾվǸǰͬһ˴ǹһĳѾ̵ǰ
귭ǰĶżƵĽż⣬Ԫһ¡
顭
ƵĽż˳ϣһɴ˳żƵĴȳ˹Ƶɫһ䣬һշ˾ʮ׿⣬ɫ粻ųꡣ
˭ƶݺݵʵ
ɫƽûһ˿仯ûֻżơ˵һڱ¶ԼݡȻ뵽д½ʱ䣬д½Ժ͵ʮֻǿŲͬѾŬȥѧϰֿܹڻǲΪá
겻ڣƵɫȻ˵Ҳ˭ÿһ
һ£˵ﲻ
ɫһ㶣Ȼ׳˵ȻȴЦΪ˭ڹ˵ķ𣿡
硭ʱǸŴӵĸ첲лл㣬߰ɣ
ƲмؿһۣƵؿ˳ꡣ΢Ѱ˼һЩַߣ
ɫһ㶣̶¶м֮ɫžƹȥ
վסƵɫǵ࣬ڵһ壬ͬһųŵڵһ˳꣬ȸ߸ųĺԺݺݵȥ
顭
һܼƿ֮ͬһұը졣
ȻǰһһʽͻβļС
顭
Ƶӱʱ죬һʳ͵ͷϷɹһϡԵʳѾ˳ȥ
ǲ
һӱƵѹ÷飬⻹꣬ڵУײ˼Σһֱײǽͣ
һŻһЩֱӽһ߻˹ȥȡһʯѧżǿʯ˹̨֮ϣȻ߳˾ƹݡ
߳˾ƹݣɿ˷ֵܺ˵˵ȵ𣿡
֮ԾΪ˴֪ԼҪ֪顣仰ȴһ㶡д½ϵ˻᲻֪ȵ飿
ӵҴСͱʦɭųԺܶ鲻֪
ŶŶһеûʲôɡԷԼԼһʵҲߣԷȷʵûʲôƭԼġǱ˵߰ɣȥҼң
ţ
ͷ˳ŽֵȥļҾﻹǲ˴ԼһСʱŹĨǵһƶߣһ·ϵкܶ˺кƶߵԵ
һľ򵥴ɵƾɷǰͣƿûķţų˽ȥĿһɨֻһƴһӡǸϣҳһȱڵ굹һˮȻԼƴϡ
գʵ
꣡һ¼˵㲻ҪҶҳɣ
ǣ磡˼һ£ƺ֯ԣ֪д½Ϊ˴ɣ
һ¡д½ͼͷʾ˵
˸Ǽ򵥵ֻ֣һ򣬵ڶһֱڰ򡣵һ͵ڶԴΪḻԪҲΪŨĴźͰ˴嶼СеһڣڣҶңңңŷڵһڣڣң˾ͽңңڵڶ򡣡
˵ɫȻһ磬㲻ǳҵĵӰɣ
ǣҡͷ
Ŷɵؿһ۳˵д½ÿʮ꣬ĴźͰ˴ῪɽͽǵĿľд½ϵĸ·ӢЩ·ӢҲʮĴźͰ˴塣ΪõõԴ
õĹ΢΢üͷõĹܹͨһĹ𣿡
磬㲻֪Ծųꡣ
֪ʲôԻ
ܹͨһĹõĹõĹڴͨһĻϣѨ֮
Ѩ֮ɫһĿ⾼
ǣʹصͷ˵ֻܹͨһĹҲܹﵽǼ۷壬ǲͻƵǼġҪͻƵǼͱϰѨ֮Ѩ֮ĴźͰ˴˴ſʮѨ֮ĹĴſʼʮѨ֮Ĺڻһǳ˵ܹѨ֮


633 ǳ°벿
ǳӾһ𣺡˵ΪʲôǾ˵
ͷǳĶǴ˵˵ⲿǳֻǰ벿°벿ȱϰ벿ûܹ˵ⲿǳܹһְԵֻϰ벿ְԵ»ܹ°벿޷°벿ԭõǳֻϰ벿
껺ʵ֪ǳĳ
ҡͷ֪˵ǳʷѾþˣû֪
ĬȻƲ⵱ŵһΪⲿǳű׷ɱֻǲ֪ǵõϰ벿ǵõǳ°벿
°벿ǳԼһҪõս˫ȭڣ
겻˵Ϊԭд½ϵ߶ҪĴźͰ˴塣ȻľĴţȴʲô˶ܹġҪڰ˸нһԤÿѡһˣ˸ǰˡȻڵһٽһˡѡһˣ̭һлÿ˱ֺĴźͰ˴巢뺯Ȼһ˿ԸԼյ뺯ĸŻ߼塣ȻԽǰߵõĸԽߣǰʮ߻ĴźͰ˴ĸǳߡ
˵ֳĽ֮ɫ
ʲôҪ𣿡
Уһ֮ڣͫΪ֪д½ϵ߼ܹΪͫߡҪڰ֮ڳΪͫߣʾһϼѣҲֻʲܹͣڱͫͻǼߵøԶĴźͰ˴Ҫľ˲š
ˣͷӵվлл
һӴӴ磬ҪμӴȣ
ţûԼ뷨
ܴܲȥڴųꡣ
ţҪֻ֪һ༶۷壬ˮƽȥμӴȣǲ
磡겻˵ȵ˵ЩӴƹݾҪҵһϴȥμӴȵˣûԸȥ
㲻Լȥ
ҡȻصͷûʯȥμӴȵ·ҪѺܶ࡭
·ѣһҲû·Ѱʣµʮʯδع
һԵȴûпɫ仯߶ţ֪ҵʵǲܲμӴȵġսһ߿ԴһʹӼĴŻ߰˴塣ҾҪΪĳߵʹӣ뵽ĴŻ߰˴塣Ҫ֪ĴźͰ˴ӽڸʹӵġֻҪԸ⣬ĴźͰ˴岢档
γ˼С֪ԼʲҪʹ·СҪΪǿ֮ĺܼᶨ
ڳ˵ǲų⣬ҳҲȷʵȱһϤд½ˡ´һһȥλô죿
һǺڰ˵⡭͵̳ˡܹĴŻ߰˴壬ƼΪףֻǳʹӣƼҲ⽫޸ҡϾƼֻһСļ塣
Ŷ˵˵
顭
ˣ洫˼ƺҳ

ӷд˳һŭɫصżơĻˣ֣ûҪƵû뵽ƾȻ׷˴˴Ҷ˵ͺӡ
䵽˵ϣĿһɲ˼һˣˡ˲ɨ˹ȥ΢һɡ
ֻһǼֻǼһϼһ༶
СӴ˵ңԹָųꡣ
磬ǸǼҵļǼһߡվڳһŵС˵
һ̾壬һС򣬾ȻǼ֡˼䣬ǸǼ´һ³꣬˵Լ˶ϰɣ
ɫһ㶣вɰȻд½ûйҵķȣֻźͼ壬ǿΪ԰ȻˣԼʲôģɫһȷ
Ҽɫ΢䣬Ϊʵ̫侲ˡղͳ˵ĻѾ÷ԷȻѾ֪ԼǼһܹ侲ѵԷҲǼ
ʲôܣ
Ŷѵĸʵۺļ壿ϵ˼ֵ˭
㲻Ҫ֪국˵
ʱԶкܶһ϶ֳ˵ĺͬ顣ǾĺͬҲҿǿʶҼ
Ļش𣬼ҼɫһȴһԷܹӲػشֻһ֤ǾǶԷͷСڶԷǼߣЦˣһôǼ
󵨣Ҽ˼ЩȴͲסˡǸߴڵһ壬ξ͵˳ǰһֻȭͷ˳š
ϴһ˿ЦκһһֻſǸ޷ܣݺݵǸߵСϡ
һſû˿ԷȻһԼ˶ϣʱ껹ãǾͲǳˡ
顭
ߵŵڵһ㵹˳ȥϼŰ
ء
ϼڱƿըѣʱѪɣм⽦˼Ҽϡ

ϼһһų˹ֻȭͷһһҳų̫Ѩ˹


634 ս
顭
ܼر򱬣ȭͷδѾ棬ͷ
úã
һǳ֮ӵӿһھУȵɡһʽ˫˫ͬ޷ӭϼȭͷ
䡭
޺ϼߵ˳ȥǲǲͷѵ
ۡ
һѪӻδ䵽Ѿ˹ȥһԼǳ֮ڶ壬֮ͬҲ޵С
㡭
Ҽ־ŭǶԷ;Ȼ˲Լеϼߣ֤ԷҲϼߡϼѾۺ˵þ԰˴еһ
ʱվڳ걳Ҳͬ뷨и϶˳ǰ˴֮һҵĵӡ
Ѿɱ䣬Ȼǲ֪߲ͣҧĵʡ˲ͨʩչ˳
һһʧ
һһ֣
ҼûԤϵڻϼ֮󣬻ִ֮Ӳ˳һȭȻõһǵ
ҼŭʱҲ˲óı̤ǰһҪȽɱȴʱ
顭
ڴһȵը죬ĽŲһ١
顭
죬ʱͨѾ죬ھʱ򣬾ԶԶЩۿƶ漴ҼͺȻըƬ

곤³һ֪ǶԷû׼Է׼ͨԲﵽЧȻܹԷˣȴԲܹԷɱ
ʹҲʮ⣬ΪֻʹͨûеӽֺǱ
˻ڵϵϼߣ̧Ųȥ
ۡ
ϼߵͷ­ͱһȵ÷顣
ҪɱңżȥʱǼƱһڵϣСʧȳζ˳΢΢һüͷһ˿һȭ˼Ƶͷ­
ۡ
͵ľ˼Ƶͷ­Ȼתͷ˵ǵĴԪռѳ

һԵȻ˹γ˳ͿʼڼǼ˵ѰԪռ䡣
ܿռԪռ䣬ƨƨߵ͵˳ĸǰӹԪռ䣬һɨɫһϲһЩʯֻǴ˵زĵط㽫Ԫռһǰȥһ˵ߣ

æӦƨƨߵظ˺档
һҾƹݣҪż䣡국˵
֣
ų뿪ƶߣѰһľƹݽȥһĹ̨һż䣡
Ǹƹ̧ͷһЦСӡ
ٷϻҴһż䣡
ǸϰŽĿĳ꣬국һЦӵ˹̨һʯǸϰһϵʯ϶Цݵ룬¥ϣ
˶¥һż䣬صĸһһƿƣƲ֮󣬷ԸƲҪǡ뿪֮󣬳ŽԪռȡ˳ʼ㡣
ܹ屾лظģҲ˵ֹֻ귭ſ˿ȻһЩҩҩƷһ㡣ҲһЩҩͿʯص˵ͷʯˣܹһǧ˰ʮһʯд󲿷ֶǵԼҼ
ʯ˵һӵԣ
ǣ
Ϳϵķ˴Σ귢̴˾ƱУ˿Ҳʼ
ĸһһƺܿͱһɨ⡣꽫ӿӱϣ˵˵˵ȥμӴȣ
ţҲԵڵҪȥμӴȣͱȵĳǡﴳܹһ֮ڣ㱻ѡˡ
Ǳ𣿡
ǣ
ʲô
һ߿Ƽͨźܶˣһرһѹһ޴ĵʾֻгǰһߵ֣һߵʱ仯ʱΪһ£һºֹǰһ߾ͨѡˡ
Ǵʲôʱʼ
º󣡡
ôȥȥ
ɣҪһꡭԴʵҲҪɰꡣ
д½ô󣿡¶Ծ֮ɫ
ȻˣЩɥ˵ֻܹɻȥҪöʯ
Ҫʯ
ﻹûлҪɳȥǣҪһʮʯȻɻһҪ˰ʯ⻹ڷɻڵĻʳѣֻǻƱѡ
ɻڲṩʳ
ɤЩɡɳȥǣҪʮʯٳɻȥǣԲҲҪһǧٿʯ˾Ҫһǧٶʮʯֻһǧ˰ʮ飬ȥһǧٶʮ飬ʣ¶ʮ顣
Уֿ˵СҲˣúɡǷǳǳǲ¶޵ġ¶޵߶ᱻץȥڿǻҪסʶ
ǡҪ٣鴤һ¡
ͬĳǳؼ۸ͬ񰲶ӵлѾ߳ǳˡֳǳ˵ľƵ꣬˵˫˼ҲҪһʯִо͸ˣ˵ľƵ˵˫˼ҲҪһ˰ʯ
˻
굹һ˵סڳˣʣµ⼸ʯǶסһϵġ


635 
Ūʯ
̾ϢһĬĬĥһе̰ɣ
Уͷȥ̲㡣
ȥʲôط
ҲǴ֮ˣһӾ뵽˳ҪѴӼҼõսƷ
Ҫ򹦷ؼȥ꣬ǻգǰۻգǲĶεġ۱ȥ꣬Ҫʲôȥйص̣ǰۡûǼʹҲҪȵǿࡣ
ǻҪ̸ʲôȻ
̿չһЩ۵ĶһЩطյĶ
ȥǣȻһЩ˾
硭Ĳǳҵĵӣʵ
ϻǳҵĵӣһμʲôȣ
ô˵ҡͷкܶ˴ĵӲμӴȵģǶҪĴţѧǿʮѨ֮ķ
ɫһ㶣û뵽վҲǳҵӣҪϹ룬ȥǣ
¥ǸƹҸ˳ʮҡ˾ƹݵ⣬ضţóЦ
ʲôһɳ
ŶӭһȻжһµҲɣ
Ǹ𣿡국˵˶ˣٸһҲҾ뿪
Ŷתת磬ȥҰǶɱ⣬ǵʯ
ҡҡͷǲûǵңǵҵѾɱˣ
˵꿴һаСӻһĺ֮ˡȻԺңٸǻ
ǡ֪ˣʵʵػشȻһϲ磬ǿʹˣ
һ£ؿľң
棡ʮ棡
ǵҼĴŻ߰˴˵ɣ
ᶨ˵ֻҪͬ⣬ھ˵ʹӡ
Լĳƺˣ֪ԷѾ¶˾ġЦΪʲôҪһңδܹĴźͰ˴塣
ܣһܣʹصͷܹǼļҼ֮һû⡣˵ܹǰ
ǰ΢΢һʵôǿ
ɫˣܹǰʵǳǿǳ˴塣ǶԽսҴӶǶطӦ
Ŷ˼ص˵ͷǿ˿Ѩ֮
ûУҡͷһѡĳֿѨ֮ķͲܹٸıˡҲ˵Щ˴ĵһѡ˼ĿѨ֮ĹͲܹĴŵĿѨϹǶڴ֮ǰѧϰĿѨ֮
ͺã
һǺЩ˿Ѩ֮ûĴǰ
ˣĴͨԶ֮ǰ߷룿
һǧڵ߸Ҫߺܶࡣ
ʲôĸ
ǧΪŵӣΪŵӣʮΪӢӣЩ֮ĸʲôҲ֪
ͷʾԼˣȻ˵㻹ǽҴɣҪƺˣҲϰߡ
ʹˣֳʧ
գ㻹ϰҴ磡
ɫһ㶣ȻϾֳ˸жд½ǿΪ磬ȼɭϣ̬԰ֵܶʹӣд½ǲֵܳ顣
˾ˣʹӾʹӡ
ǽճȴӦĴŻ߰˴壬ֵƣ¶˲жЩʡ
лл磡
ˣϽȥɳ
ǣ磡
ȡһֻһ绰ȥûӵʱ䣬һɳӿнڳĸǰǰŴ򿪣ȥŹϣȻŴǰȥȻ˾˵ȥǣ
˾һͷû˷ɳڷɵУŰǷȥ
ڷɳڹŷɳٶȣЩԾɳٶȻǿ찡Լȫٲࡣķɻٶȸˡ˵д½ĿƼӦǼˡ֪д½ûǼзֻ˾Ҳʣֻ
ԼСʱʮӵʱ͵˰ǣɳͣ˰⣬긶˶ʮʯȻ³Űȥ
뵽ǣʱѾӽ˻ƻ裬ϵ΢ɢ˼æһ˵˫˼䣬ʯ
ڷڳֱϴһ裬ȻĴڸһ˵Ĳ͹ݣһʯһٷصõ꣬ʵд½Ǽ˰ɣ
ţͷֻǻûڵ򡣡
Ŷ
ͷȴŵڶ͵Щ뿪ȥǼѰµļ԰ҵµļ԰Ǽ֮С
ɣ
˵ȻڵĴԪռһɨԼƵҩɻĵҩʣǧ˰ʮţڸֻһǧʮţµʿ˵ⶾ֮ġ
ҩǧһʮƿǧʮƿµҲҩͽⶾҩ֮ġ
Щҩҩ겻׼ۣ׼ԼáʵЩҩҲʣµġ֮ǰгѾ˺ܶ࣬ЩǰߴԪռھǵҩҩࡣ


636 
ȡһٿĵҩһƿҩݸЩ
Щҩҩ۾̷ųӹЩҩҩڴϣ˸߲ҵظš
һģʱӦúٷʳҩҩȴܹͫȻ˵ĻעܹͫҲ֤ʲ
ʱ꿴¶ΣӦûдԪռ䡣ȡһԪռݸ㣡
ң˷ܵؽӹǸԪռ䡣
ڷúɣҳȥһˣ糿
磬ǲܹ¶޵ġ
֪
䣬겻ٴ˳ȥߵһƧĵطһ·ſзȥ
κܿ˺ڰ֮УȻ⣬աиһ޵Ĵ̷ȥ㿪ʼǳ
ڶ졣
ڰǵĴϹţضԳ˵磬ЩصĶǲҪڰڳۡ
Ϊʲô
ϼۣŵ˳üǮߡٵȵȥ˵һ̫ƽǣļ۸ߡ
ŶѰ˼һ£ʵϵĶ࣬ҲЩؼЩıоǵҩҩҩͿʯͷֵľʮݺ޵ʬ塣
ҩҩҩʯݺ޵ʬҪҲؼͱЩǵ壬֪֮᲻鷳ض˵ɱһˣõһЩؼͱ֮᲻鷳
Ծؿһ۳Ͳܹͨ;ˣĻ鷳Ҫȥˡ
ˣ
ţǾչЩĶ۸ѹúֻܵͣм۵ɡ
ôڣԾʵ
ţǲº֢磬Ҫȥ񡣡
ã
˼һ̳񣬳ֹ֡
˴Ŵ֣˶Ĵ¹Ĩǵһ¥˽ȥ˿ŴŶûаԾһϰΪʵʲô
˻ɤӵؼͱ

Ǹ˴ųһǰ£洫һͳ
Ǹƿ˷ȴûнȥųһơ˽ȥ
뵽ڱһſӺһӣʱһ˫۾˹¶һ˿Цվ
ߵǰһǰȥվ˳ǸӴʱҲѾȥҲֻųꡣ
Ҳɣ̽еؼͱ˳һӡûһȻЩеκһսͷɽƷʸߣΪ˲鷳껹Ǿһ
ǸӿһؼͱЩвƷʸߵģһ˿졣καһһؼһСʱʱ䣬ŷһ̧ͷԳ˵ܹǧ˰ʯҸոǧʯ
ûл۵أ˵ЩԼҲ̵֣ͷͬ⡣ͷǸӵͷ˫ӵһȻϵĶһԪռϡ
þɨһ£ǧʯ㽫Ԫռڵʶս磬ȻѾŵĴԪռŻصϣվת˳ȥ
ڴϣ˵磬Ƕת֣Է˸١
ЦЦã
Ȼ㽫ͷ˳ȥڴתһ뵽һƧĵطֺͶȡת˴ϡ
磡Щĵʵû˸٣
ûУ국˵ʲô˻ܹѵľ죿Ҳûͣʵзǵķɻ𣿡
УУ
Ǿڴתתֱȥ
ã̵ͷӦ
ʱ֣վڴĴ˵Ҹ÷꣬ȥһ١
ܹģЩԥ
£Ǯˣ
áɣ
Ƶꡣ
վڰƵǰһ촽ǰõĴƵ꣬ҴûеԹ
ǽǾͽȥһΡ
˽ȥӭСӭ˶¥һСڡ˵˵ʱ㲻ɵһ顣
ǳԷֱڳʯ
ûһʮʯġĸһһƣȥʮʯ
ҲЩɵۣƲ֮󣬳˿ҧԣ
һŹǣղڲ˵Ͽǻ޵Źǡ£ͷ˳ȥоζڿڳ֮ͬʱһԪɡɫһ䡣
⡭Ԫ
˵ûгԹ˵ĳӻڵԪڲڣ⿵úζ˵ĳˮƽУܹڵԪסζҲûдﵽ¡˵ڳһ¥¥ĲҪζܹʮʮرסڵԪ¥¥һƣʯ硣Ҳ˵¥¥ڵĲ˵һҲҪһٿʯ
̫˰ɣ
⻹ţڵһ̫ƽһҾ¥졣ıƽǧʯ磬˵һҲҪһǧʯ
⡭³һǻǳʮʯɣ
̧ȥץƿæֽ̧ƿץ磬


637 
ΪȻָԼһ¾ƿƱ磬Ҿһ
ã
Ʊһ£һȻɫ΢ҲԪ
ţһˬ˵
ǡڹķڳԵľƲôûԪ
ǲǲ
ʧЦľƵ겻ҲǷּǼ𣿲Ĳҵûзչܹ⿳ԪļȣʱţջᷢչļȣϾԪŨ̲Ԫڡ
˵˻ԼЩѣЩʧ
磬硭ʧ㲻
ţ˼˹һԼеľһ¾ƱǾȥǣ
ȥ¶˾ȡ
ô
硭ԥһµҾǻʱסڰǱȽϺáȵȵٽȥǡ
Ϊʲô겻
ķǮ˰ǵõ̫󡣡˼˵
Цָ˵õˣû뵽ȵٽ֮ʱȥǣǵõ껹ûпշ
һһӱǺ죬˰磬ûȫ˵ɫһӱý磬ʱҲֻвµʱ䣬¾ʱȥҲδпշˣǵøϽȥҡҿʱĿͷƽʱҪ
͹ɣ˵ĩս֮ǰһЩͻʱ򣬱˻ᣬصľƵһ۸ǣûʲôǴġ
ǰǿɲΪռһ䣬ΪܹǰһЩߵĵϸвĹ򡣡
ǣǴܵ
ڶ졣
ھƵǰ̨˷ͳɳǰ˻Ʊ֮ɵۣһȲգȲպ;òյĻƱѾһգǰǵʵ̫ˡֻʣ˼ŹյĻƱÿһŹյĻƱҪǧʯ
Ŀ⣬һҧһʯŹյĻƱȻ˹յĻƱ;Լһͷ˵͹ǲ֪˵źҪڵˣҲˡ
žǻһʱ䣬һҧִȥһ̳˰ǧʯﵽ⹺ͷ·д½ϵƣʽЩƵװ˴ƣ̾žӿԼصͷǱߵ˷ܵھǰȥ˫ְϧḧšô󣬻ͷһδ·
һ뵽Լϵʯʣһǧ࣬Ҳһʹ˦˦ͷ뷨˦һָˣ

æӦһ˳һСʱ˵˷ɻ˹աһƣӢĳ˽սֳ˵΢ЦڵΪ˷
ַЩн˼ѾƮд½ĴȣΪԼԶڿսЩĲɣһڵĿռкί
д½ķɻǿ죬ֻǴԼһʱ㵽˵ĳǡҲó̾д½ĹٶȾȻҪһ룬⻹ֻڵڷС
ӷɻɳ뵽һɸϢĴ˺ͷɳԳʶκһжûг÷
ŮһԵžһŮӴкʳǱȽϱ˵õߣ
ǸŮԭһ׵ƣϻֳ΢ЦĻֱӸһۣһ仰˵תߣεվֱͷ
̲סЦС㴩һƣȴ˵ľƵ꣬ݲҵġ
䣬ͳ֣һɳӿиȵͣ˳ǰ˽ȥȥľƵ꣡
֣
˾Ӧһ˷ɳſзȥ촽˼£Ҫ˵ʲôտһ˾ѡ͡
Լӵʱ䣬ɳͣһƵǰͯǰ˳ţһƵĳ³۾һɫøӹ
λ
˵ͷٲǰȥ˳ѽȥֻɫǲȻ
ƵֶûпȻǲݸȴҲ֪Ǯ˾ֱ߽˾Ƶꡣ
ӭ٣
ƵһòϼѵС㳯ų긩ʩ񣬳겻ǰȥĿڴһɨ˴ڹһңдš¥
֪Ǿ¥֣Ȼĵߵǰ̨
λ
û˵ƫͷһæڵλ
ǰ̨Сףͳ괩Ĳ࣬ˣһӵĽɫǽһЦֳ˳Ҫʲôķ䣿
ʲôķ䣿ʵġ
ǰ̨Сֳ˵΢Цʺķֻ֣һֹһֹһǧʯһһǧʯ
վڳϵļһǳҲһ顣
̫꣬ˣֱԼҲֻʣһǧʯֻסһġ
ǡ
Ѿ˽ܹ߳ȥģˡסķȻߣʶǰȾӢĻᣬǳΪصġ
׻˵֪֪ܹս
ȶһ국˵


638 
ȶһ국˵
ȾҪʼˣǵͨѾˡ˷ܿٻʱ򣬺ҲˣඩһЩӰɡǰ̨СڵȰ
ţҲסȥȥݷüѣϻ˵
Ǻã⣡
ʹɫؽһǧʯȻڷ˺
Ȼ׼䣬һŻ֮ʩ뿪֮˺þõ
磬ôǮа
ִĻϴ裬Ȼǳȥ
ж
һֱۣ߽ԡҡųıӰϵɫԵһһ߽һԡҡ
羿ʲôôĵطҲסѵǳҵĵӣ
Сʱ󣬳ˬ߳˳¥ڷĴϡһ߹۲ܱߵľ£һʵСʲôϵγ۱ĵط
а
У
ǰд½УľӪΧ൱Ĺ㣬κзУҲչ۸񹫵ͯۡ
ô֪ȥ
ûæҡͷ˵ġҶô˵
Ǿȥɣ
һɳųззȥǴԼӵʱ䣬ɳͣеǰӳڳȥ
ſڲû˵ķԱ˽ȥ㷢˻ǲ١һ毺õŮӿһƣ࿡ʵĳ꣬۾һӭǰϴ˵΢ЦҪЩʲô
Ŀؽܴһ飬Щ˵ҪһЩ
˵˵ʲô𣿡
΢΢üͷ
ųź̸ֹԱ΢΢ʩ
ڷԱĴ£˶¥ŽһڣȻ˷ϲ裬ԱòԵȣȻ˳ȥ
Щʱųꡣûףôƣ³һòʲô˸ȥ
꿴úЦ˲豭ţȥʵʱҲڴġֵܹĶҲֻڵĲҩǳ޵壬ǳڵҺ塣ǲ֪Щֱܹʯд½Ƿı
껹ûк뱭裬ű㱻ƿ߽һˡľһɨоһԷȻһߡ
ҲʳֻǺͳһ֮󣬱ڳĶֱʵ׼Щʲô
ʱѾ׼˳۵Ķ׼һԭȾеĲҩһղݵĲҩȡһзŵϣƵ˶Էǰ
ǸСشУɫû˿ı仯ؽйϣȻųղݻ󣬸Ϊؼղݵҿ壬ٳꡣͱˡ
Զȴмֹ꣬껹ࡣ
ղݿɲֹ꣬һļʦ
ؿһ۳꣬ȻͷҲãԵȣ
䣬ȥԼȥһӵʱ䣬˽̬ӭһλ˽ľɨ˹ȥһԷȻһ߼ĸ֡
ǸҲȥֱ꣬ǰɳϣشУĿ漴΢䡣Сؽղݴȡ˳ؼţʱñţ΢Ծ̧ͷŶĳСǺܹҵƾõղݡղݵľҲ
һֱԱߵǸ˵ֳ֮ɫûмзеλһʦжϲһҩݡȴд󶨣ղݴףôҲᶪˡ
ɫֱõ˵ղݵҩƾãҩЧϺͰҩղѾûʲôղֻܹ꣬԰ҩļ۸ɽΣ
Ҳһҩʦ΢˼һ£о߲ûƭͷʾͬ⡣
ͷǸҲͷǾʮʯļ۸ɽΣ
ԣͷԭҲ֪ղݻֵʯʮʯѾ⡣
ͺλװɣǸתͷǸ˵ȻҪȥ
æסߣѾ֪ʮʯǲʲôǺһһʯʮʯѵġҪ۶
ؿһ۳̧꣬ƨȥжҪۣ
ţͷٿ
ȡһУװƬ֮ҶӣзŵϣȻƵߵǰ
ɷǳְҵشУȻɫһôСĵȡһƬ֮Ҷӷŵǰϸز鿴ţֲʱñţԾųǡ֮
ǣͷżȻõһ겻֮
ⲻ֮ӦоƬҶӰɣĿ⾼ųꡣ
ǣ󷽵صͷҶҳˡ
ˣǸߵͷųʹĿ⡣
ʲôԣ
ʲôԣߵ˫Ŀͷųɱѵ֪ⲻ֮Ƴһҩҩܹӳһܹıߵʣ
аεտʼûϳԳˡ֪


639 Ǯ
Ǳߺ޺޵˵֮жûмˣΪ˴˵
ԥһµܹõ֮ĵط֪ģһһļ۸񡣡
Ц˵֮ɱһ֮󡭡׵ģ
ŶߵֳʧĻǸ֪õⲻ֮ͨɱ˶ᱦͲ֪ⲻ֮Դδʧ֮ɫȥúܿ죬ϾǰƬ֮ԥ˺ܾã˼Ÿһʲô۸ռضԳ˵Ƭ֮ҸǧʯΣ
ǧ򣿡۾һУû뵽ⲻ֮۸ôߡԼҲɵõ˲֮д½Ѽˡ
۾һУ߼æƷʯ
һ飬Ѿ֪ʯҲֱ֣ΪƷʯƷʯƷʯͼƷʯÿλǰٽƣҲ˵һƷʯһٿƷʯǧƷʯ͵ʮƷʯ
ҲʮʮƷʯˣҪǹˡȥҩװʮƷʯǲ
ȡһкһСƿŵƵߵǰװһСǳ޵ĴǣǸƿװǳ޵Һ塣γ겻Ϊ˳ۣĿҪ֪ǳ޵ļ۸񡣼ȻҪд½죬Ҫ˽һЩд½֪ʶ
ǸοѾòͬ˺ܶࡣСشǸУһȴû˼֮˷ܡȻִǸƿһۣϸӷŵϵǳ޵ĴҸƷʯƿǳ֮ҺҸƷʯбҪ𣿡
ҡҡͷĿɨһϵĶƬֵ֮ǧƷʯһƿǳ֮ҺֵƷʯһǳ޵ĴǼֵƷʯһֱղݼֵʮƷʯֵܹǧ߰ƷʯʮƷʯ
ɽʹ˵
ߵͷתͷ˵λװɣ
뿪̶֮Գ˵˺Ÿ֪ҡ
ҡҡͷҰһµİɣ
΢΢һ£̵ͷû⡣
ְһϵһťһŮ˽˵Ը˼䣬ǸŮ˳ȥԼӵʱ䣬ǸŮ˽ſƬصݸǸˡ
Ǹ˽ſƬݸ˳ſͨÿν׵ʯڵ123456Լı롣ſеǿԺд½κһзйﶼԴ9.6ۡ
ͷûվȥڳȥ֮Ǹߵİ칫ҵ˵ǰˡ
ҡҡͷҪعأ
ǲ֮
ҲҪعأвᷢչ죬Ҫǰջ󣡡
ǣ
ڴϣضšջ˾ȵģ
磬ǲᱻٰɣһĵǡ
ķŻضɣЦҵЩҪ㡣
ʣ
ôģ
ȥһ԰ɣƵڷͿģ
ţͷ͵ûʲô
ǿô¶
˵ֻҪһԽһ鼫ƷʯܹõһһǿԺйͿԴ9.9ۡһԽʮ鼫ƷʯܹõһŶǿԺйܹ9.8ۡһԽһٿ鼫ƷʯܹõһǿԺйܹ9.7ۡνǧƷʯҲ൱ǧ켫ƷʯõǿԺйܹ9.6ۡ
һԣǻۣԾʵ
һԣͷ
ڣڰ̾ҡҡͷȻֿʵǿ֮ϻмǣ
Ǿǣ
ǲһԽҪһڼƷʯ𾪵ʵ
ţ¶Ľɫͷھ֮ϻһ𿨣ҪһԽʮڼƷʯ
ݣҾһˣ
ҲˣǧƷʯ
ˣͨÿ𣿡תͷ
Уͷ
ҲпҲһ˰ЦжǮ
ڵһǺˣͲŵʮһ顭Ʒʯ
ļû£һصƵתһЩʯ
лл磡ж۾һ졣
ȥһԣȻص˾Ƶ꣬һ´ȵڣǴȽڶʮ֮УȻºڵһ̫ƽھľ
һ£㸶ʮ췿ѣܹʮƷʯص˷֮󣬳̽ͨÿ޸룬ȻתƷʯʲôʱӵй˶Ʒʯö֪￴һһ顣
ɫ磬˴ϣͨڵ翪ʼľľѾ޽ӽƷһڣ൱޽ӽ۷塣ֻҪܹͻƵƷ൱ļ
Ūͨÿ۾аţҲôһǱȷɰɣ
˴ϣϲ̵ó͸ҩϲҲܹҩˡ
ˣ
ҩʼ
е΢⽥ʧˣڰ١ľ˳۾һһ˿죬ΪͻƵϢ


640 
ʲ֮ǰһֱûҩ㹻ԴһĿǰΪ
ĵ뿪˾Ƶ꣬һƧĽȥ²֮ǳҺӭǹ⿪ʼǳ
ĳ߷ѾڣŲ֮ǳҺټϳ꼫ƷһڵľʵȲٵš
ڽüйɣÿ켸еʱ䶼ڷÿϵľ󲿷ʱ䶼ĵȥǳڰϳ궼һСʱʱ䣬ȥƵĲ뿪Ƶȥߣ˽ڸ·ߡ
ʱٽڵʵҲһŵ˽⡣ʵ̫ˣִ˽̫ˣ귢ǰǵʵǿӴĳ༶ߣЩ˸ͲμӴȵģһЩһһЩѰһԵܲһˡ
μӴȵ߶ϼϵߣЩߵͳ˰򣬶ֻܹ֮ѡһߣһνпᡣ
ҳ˽⵽֮УʵǼϵľͳһǧˡһǧ˲ǳľ֣Ϊ꿴صĲ̫ƽǵľ
ֻǵһǧǼϵߣ˸ж٣һ򡣶Ҹֻڵĸֶڵһ͵ڶóҲɽ
ϣ֮ǰԼΪܹٽһɣ
ڴЩƣǲǻ˹۲죬뱩¶ԼľݣʵȷʵЩֻͣڣҪ֪ڵμȵߣϼϵľа֮࣬ȴֻʤһˣôûѹ
Լȱһֵı
귭Ӵȡ˴ͷֵһݣǲҸһսһЩɽȴſڴ磬ʲô
̧ͷſһۣеĳǴͷֵ
ͷ֣ɫһ첽ǰųеĴǲһֻһͷĹ
ţ
˵ͷֵǱﰡǼƷϣƳıܹﵽ
һ˵磬ûȲҪƣȵȥ˵һ̫ƽǣһ¶Уд½ĶУֻܹеĴͷֵ
ǡյüͷûгֵı
Ǿһ
һ
Ѱ˼ţֻȥľҪȵµʱ䡣ȵǵ֮ǰһ̫ƽǣȥ¶Сھ֮ǰܹü
ھȥһ
Ӵͷֵĳȥǰ̨õıר꣬˴һɳűרȥ
뵽ר꿴һȦ֮ЩɵۣıΪȼµȣеȺϵȣû˵Ķ
ǼʹˣǼ۸Ҳˡ
һµȼıҪƷʯһеȼıҪǧƷʯһϵȼıҪһڵƷʯ⻹Ǹȼ˵ļλҪ֪ĴСҪĲҲͬѲ϶ıȻ͸ͬȼһͬȼذ׼۸ܹһѳǹ
ֻǧƷʯҲֻܹһеȼıҳҪһѳǿɲһǧƷʯܹ㶨ģճ껨ǧƷʯһѳϵʯһӾˮٶ
ҲһٰʮƷʯһµȼĳȻʯóʹжеıǺ⣬еѳҪ֮ǰǰѳǿֹ
˱֮󣬳ָֻ˹ɵӣȻʱ򣬳ʵͻƵϼڣǾȴסڼƷĹؿǳȴΪ֪ԼĻۻȵԼĻ۹ˣȻˮɵͻƵƷ
ʱת˲ӵˣڳһ޴ƽԭ֮ϣһ޼ʵƽԭ֮ϴһ޴ĽǾ
أÿһСءһһڣڶؾͻһǧڣػһٸڣĹػһڣһؾֻһڣֳһ޴Ρ
ڿ·һۣΧߣһǧߡһڲϵʱЩ߶Ŷӡһڴųһƽԭѡ
Ǹνм޴ʾӺԶܹѾ֪ĿʾϻʾһߵΣǼʱ任һֱȷһʤߡ
żһ£ھһǧߣյӦǧңҲ˵ÿһڴǧŶӡһڣٶҲӦúܿ졣
Ƿ
ԾԾԵ˵ʶһ¡
Ǿ͸ϽȥŶӣ
֣
·ȥѡһڿʼŶӡ˲һͼһֽ˳Ŷ˹ȵŲֽߵĸǰ֪Щ˷Ϣġÿʮʯҡ
ͳʮʯҹһݣȻŲֽݸ˳ꡣӹһֽһӡĽṹͼ


641 
һмͨȥһ֮ÿһһصĳڶһͨһ޴ϢŶӽڶصĵطһǧڡӵڶسڳһ޴ϢһٸͨصڡӵسڳһϢֻʮͨĹصڣӵĹسڳһϢֻֻһͨһصڡǴͨصĳڡ
ṹͼ귭һһЩϢĽܡһܾǹ
ܹأÿһСءѶǿʱģԲͬ߸ͬѶȡ
δһѡΣԸѶȲߡ
һеĵһСҪһ൱ڳ༶۷ĻˣڶСҪһ൱ڳȼ۷ĻˣСҪһ൱ڻƼ۷ĻˣСҪһ൱̼۷ĻˣСҪһ൱༶۷Ļˡ
صķ֣һǻܻˣһڻ˵Ĺ¼ʮӣȻҪѻ˵׷ɱӳӳȥ
ÿ߻ᷢһӣ¼Ŵߵĺ֣滹һťֻҪڲл˵ʱ򣬰һǸť˾ͻֹͣȻǸߵĽ¾ͻһڵȥʹͳ
ڶصĵһСҪһ൱۷ĻˣڶСҪһ൱ϼ۷ĻˣСҪͬʱһ൱ϼ۷Ļ˺һ൱ڳ༶۷ĻˣСҪͬʱ൱һϼ۷Ļˣһ൱ڳȼ۷ĻˡСҪͬʱһ൱ϼ۷Ļ˺һ൱ڻƼ۷Ļˡ
صĵһСҪһһ۷ĻˣڶСҪͬʱһ൱һ۷Ļ˺һ൱̼۷ĻˡСҪͬʱһ൱һ۷Ļ˺һ൱༶۷ĻˡСҪͬʱһ൱һ۷Ļ˺һ൱һ۷ĻˡСҪͬʱһ൱һ۷Ļ˺һ൱ϼ۷Ļˡ
ĴеĵһСҪһ൱Ƕ۷ĻˣڶСҪͬʱһ൱Ƕ۷Ļ˺һһ۷ĻˡСҪͬʱһ൱Ƕ۷Ļ˺һ൱һ۷ĻˡСҪͬʱһ൱Ƕ۷Ļ˺һ൱һ۷ĻˡСҪͬʱһ൱Ƕ۷Ļ˺һ൱Ƕ۷Ļˡ
еĵһСҪһ൱ĻˣڶСҪͬʱһ൱۷Ļ˺һ൱Ƕ۷ĻˡСҪͬʱһ൱۷˺һ൱Ƕ۷ĻˡСҪͬʱһ൱۷Ļ˺һ൱۷ĻˣСҪͬʱһ൱۷Ļ˺һ൱۷Ļˡ
һؾǴͨء
ڶܾʷϴͨصˣ꿴һ£ʷܹһϴͨصֻһǧʮˣһǧʮһǧʮƾͨأֻʮƾʵͨء
۾һȥʷܹжһһһ֣Ȼֻһǧʮߴͨأɼͨжôѡ̶۾һ
ͨذ֪Լ֮ǲܹͨأ
ǱμߵʵǼϵһǧٰʮˣΪߵһ۷塣
Ϣ΢һɣϾֻǵŵһ͵ڶһԲֹʵ
ˣȡһȻȡͨأҪڵע⣬ͱʾԼǱʾͿʼǳ°벿һҪõ
ǰĺܿ죬꿴ܶ߱˳ЩЩϼһµߣҺܴһֶ༶һµߣڵһؾͱ̭ˡЩҲûʲôɥɫԭʶһ£Ͳصġ
˶м䣬ԼĸСʱңֵ˳ꡣϽһƷʯȻһӹڲϣźãȻͷ˵ȽȥˣһŬܴܲڶСء
ҩ֮Ѿõͻơﵽ˳ȼڡʹص˵ͷףһ˳һٴͨأ
͡
һƬЦĿ˼ɫͨصЩˡ국һЦȥЦ˦
Сӣ˵ûеȥͱ̭ˣһ˿Ĵ󺺼ض˵
ҴһһģȭͷǸ˿
˵ܽȥܽȥǸ˿ⲻм˵㿴Ļֵ֣Ǹ꿡ܣ˵˵֣û
㡭
ȭͷǸ˿һۣ̰Ŀ˸߸ĴĻһȷʵģȻûмǵˣȴ֪Щ˻ڵϿ
ȴû˵
һеģһеģȭͷĬĬ߶š
ֵˣǸԱ˵
ɫһ㶣̶ֳϲ֮ɫתͷǸ˿ҴѾͨһСˣ


642 ٴ
͡Ǹ˿ЦֻǵһСأڳܹͨһСص𣿡
㡭
㾿أǸԱȻȵ
ֵǸ˿һۣȻæϽһƷʯȡһӳڡ
ʱĳѾ˵һصĵڶСأʱԵһȼˣγȻȡܵĲԣֱȥһȭͽǸ˺˳ȥɵĻ䵽ϣվﲻ˵أ
̴߳˳ڣ˵СأСԵһƼˣ궼һȭһ·أܿͻ˵Сص༶ˣӳڳ뵽Ϣҡ
ϢŶӣʱͶ˺ܶ࣬༶һµ߶Ѿ̭˳ȥ
Щ̭ȥ߾ûдڶСأһȼԳȼ۷Ļ˱ʵУҸոͻƵĳȼڣսҲԲ㣬ʮӶֲձͨ˳ȥ
ɥ˳̧ͷŴĻȥѰų֣ĻعţѰų֣ȴԶһĴЦǲҪͨصĵܵôôͱ̭ˣģûüť˴˰ɣ
ѭȥȴǸ˿⣬󲽵߹ȥָָǸ˿ȵҴһᱻѡϵģ͵ſɡҪСˣ汻ˣ
СӣǸ˿ֳɱٸָңŲӣôͱ̭˳ӦûͨڶСذɣڶСضûֻͨǿȥǸ
˵ʲôȫҶ
Сӣ˿ȭͷ
ֵˣ㴳أǸԱȻȵ
˿תͷһȻֵݺݵصһ۵СӣܣҴٳʰ㡣
Χ߶ؿһڶСضȥߣĸܹǿȥ͵Ǹ˿ʰɣ
Ҳûȥ϶һϳ֡ʱ̭ѾкܶˣҶĴҪͨأһɴ඼ˣΧſЦ
Сӣһ߳ʲô֣˵Ҳð㿴ŴĻ
߸ͲҪŴĻҪ֪Ĵ羿ǺεϾһܹҪͨصߣӦòĬĬɡ
ʱҲˣ粻ܹͨأǲô˳ЦֻĿŴĻûг
㲻᲻˵ɣǸ߼˵
˫ȭҧ촽ĿŴĻԲ
Уԭһţģ
ʱĳѾ˵ڶصĵһСأԵһˡĻˣȻֱѹȥֻӵʱ䣬ͽ˵ڶСء
ڶСԵһϼ۷ˣʱʵֻϼڡǳȴ˷ܣ֪ڵĻһǰд½ߵƽˮƽġ뿴ӵǳ֮Լܲд½Խս
Ѿ˲²⣬д½ֻǳ°벿ûϰ벿ǳܿд½ֻԼӵǳ֮մܹ֪Լǳ֮ǲҪд½߸߳һȡ
ͨԪǾͲˣд½ϵĶǴͨһĹһ߱κơ

ǳ֮ӵڷӵڳһзת
ಡ
γ˳ȥŶǸϼ۷һȭ˹ȥǸ˲㲻ͬһȭ˿ųȭͷԺ˹ȥ

ײں˵屻˳ȥݺݵײĺϽǽϡ

ˤ˵ϣӵ˵һߡ
أ
һϲԼǳ֮ȻҪд½ĹܹԽսֻǲ֪ܹԽ׵ʲô̶ȡ
Ҳʮ˱ֳʵֻд½ߵƽʵ½һŽܳߣʵԶԶسƽˮƽ
񣬳ŵСȥ
һСأͿˣһ൱ϼ۷Ļ˺һ൱ڳ༶۷Ļˣǰ˫ȭԺһˡҲųȭͷӭ˹ȥ

˶Ľײ֮˵˳ȥһιأŵСȥ
һСأɫһ㶡һصĴȻߡʱ֮ߣֱšӦЩζ
һˣΪԼصٶ̫죬׷ǰ洳ߡҲɿؿ˳һۣ㼱æרĶԸԵˡʱ򣬾ǰʮ׳ĵѿˡ
һϼ۷Ļˣһ൱ڳȼ۷Ļˡ
꽫ǳ֮˫ȭǰһʽˮֱˡ

˫ȭ˵˫ȭײһ˵ͬһص˳ȥݺݵײԶĺϽǽϣǺϽǽȴûܵ˿˺óд½Ķһʶ
أ
ǰĳȥ
ô죡
ںͻ˼һ𣬲ɽĿųȥԭ˾·磬һеһ߱㱻һһȭ˳ȥ
顭
Ǹ˴ŵĵһ壬һƬͬŵڵǸڵɵ׷˹ȥ


643 ǰ
ۡ
Ǹ߿һѪæϵİť׷Ļһ٣ӿȥֹͣ׷Ǹ䵽˵棬ѿһӣεȥ˳ȥ˵ĽҲֱѿһӣʧǵ»ָ
ʣµǸ߿һУæרעغͻ˼һ𡣳ߵ˳ſڣһɨǰӣȻţһ˳ȥ
⡣
ĿһֱŴĻͻȻȻһˣ
ΧһȻһ߿ʵСӣʲô֣ο˵˰ɣ
Ҵг꣡Ժ˵
˵ĿŴĻȥȻһλϿ˳֣ʱϷҪʧڴĻϡ
Уֻһ˵һ˸ȥˣ
Ǹһۣ˵ҴӴؿʼʮٶȻᱻȥҴֻ᲻ϵسԽˣ˲ܳԽҴ硣
Χе˶ɫһ㶡
԰
괳صٶ̫ˣٶֻһǧǼ߲ܹɣٶôܱһ
ѵҲһǼ֣
ֵܣʻ̬ȿ˺ܶ࣬а˭˼һţƵĴȥ
粻һǼ߰ɣ
ǣҡͷҴϼߣ
ϼߣϼôĴٶȣ
˵һ򣬳Ѿ˵ڶأ뵽ͨصϢҡĿһɨ˺ܶ࣬ѡһǰֻŶӵĶվ˺档һƬ֮Ļ꣬һ߲ԪһߵȴֵԼ
ĴĻѾ֣ΪѾ˹ȥҪֻһβܹ֡
ؽŴĻҪһγֻʲôΡ
쿴ͻȻ߸ǧˣ
ĿȥֻʱĵĻŶĸ򣬸߶ȳĸĻŴʱǰһǧΡ
˵صĵһСأǰһһ۷Ļˡ


ǳ֮ڳڵľиתȭͷӵ첲ϵļⶼͬһز
ȡ
һ
顭
ռһƬıͬһſڵը죬ȭͷ˲͵Ǹ˵ĸǰ

Ǹ˵ȭͷͬٵػͳȭͷײһ
ŵŵš
εǸ˵Ҳҡһ¡
ҵսʮֽӽһ۷壡
һɣٴδǰһֻȭͷͬˮŶĻ˺˹ȥǱ

˫ȭཻ걬˲䷭һǸ˵ͬһ󿨳ײȻ˳ȥ
أ
ǰȥ߽˵ڶСءǰһ൱һ۷Ļ˺һ൱̼۷Ļˡ
Ͳ˿ͣһʽˮ˫ȭ̲Ǳ˳ȥ

˵˳ȥһιء
⡣ͻȻһǸ괳һǧһ
һγڴĻϵʱһԴĻ̾ͿʼӵһʼתһǧһԺܿ־ͳڴĻϡһżȻԾغ˳
䣡˷ܵ
ΧЩٴοĿѾܹͬ嵽εһܹѡϣûнһǰ;Ҳȥ
˵ˡ
ͷܿܳһǧֻҪһǧкܴĿԳĵһֻҪܹĵһҲĳ壬νһ졣ΪĵܵܣҲˮǴߡЩĿⲻĽ
괳صٶ죡
ǰ˵᲻ᴳһǧڣ
˵Ҫ֪һǧǼڴأֻϼҪһǧѣ˵һλһ
Сֵܣֻϼ
ȻģҴսǿ˵
սǿг꣬ǰ˴֮һĳҵӰɣ
ǣҡͷȻҲɴǳҵӣǴ˵ǾͲǡ
쿴ǧ񣬳괳ǧҲȻ˵ٰʮһСֵܣĲǼ
ûлشǸˣֻǺضǧĴĻ
ʮˣ
Ļ߶ȳǧ
ۣǰʮһ۷߰ǵһܰΧ˳꣬׷ǰʮϵ֡
ǰʮӦʮ˰ɣ
ܣһ̷ոսȥΪһţһռݵһλáĿǰǰʮ߻һ˱ȥ
Ǹ괳ǰˣھʮٶȺÿ죡
ʱѾ˵أ뵽ͨĴصϢҡһ뵽ϢңͿһĿɨ˹ľһɨ֪ʱ߶ǼߣҶǼһ۷ߡ
һλȥϢڵѾˣܹһضӦǵľӢҽĴصٶȺܿ죬Ϣٵٶȷǳ죬ȥŶӣҶ֪˭Ƚ˭ֵ˭˭ȥˡ
ҲǳԭʵҲһ۷壬һصĵһСؾҪһǶ۷Ļˣһ𣬿Щ߸һȥͱ˸ˡԽȲŻô졣ЩܵȡǼֵʱ䣬ֻǶ㼸룬ҲǰΡ


644 ȫ
ʮӺֵ˳ꡣվͨĴصȥȻоһɱȻתףһĸߴ߽Ϣң˵£
£Ҳ˽⣬䴫˵һ۷ʵȴŲǶ۷ս
Ȼˣ
ת״ŵĴصȥ뵽ĴصĵһСأǰһǶ۷Ļˡ
ǳ֮ȫǱϽ֣ŶĻ˳˹ȥ

һײΡŵŵšصĲסΣɫһѾԤϣԼǱϽҲж۷Ķ֡
Ļ˴ڵһɣų˹
˫
ּԼһƣֻȭͷݺݵײһ

һƬγֻǵһ

겻ϵغͻ˶ײһˣر˱Ƶǡ
Ҳ
һ䣬ȡ¹ս֮Ƶʩչ˳˲ﶼǳӰӣâͬһƬƬƣն˻ˡ

Ǹ˵в֪ʱҲһսͳ꼤һ
⡣
꾹Ȼ嵽˵һ
һû˵˾Ȼ嵽˵һǱһƥĺ
쿴³嵽˵ڶ
˵һǳ꣬£
ҿ£
˵ͷͰ
ͻܹ͹£
Сֵܣֻϼ
˵ˣҴϼҴսǿ
ǡôǿô
ĹеһСڣںǸ˶սţѾоԼʹͨͲӮˡ
ǳ겻ʹͨԼһʹͨӻ˵ڲ˵Ͱѻ˸ˣͷ
ĥһ˵
꽫֮ʩչޣʱڳĸойüĥʮӣǸ˶ʱͣ˵أ
곤³һ͸ûдǰǻųȥղźͻ̫ңûʱȥ˼ʱ䣬˼һô
һؽһ൱Ƕ۷Ļ˺һһ۷ĻˡܻɾԼ֮ʩչޣǷܹڶСء
ѵҪþȵȣ
һǲǿԽȭͷ֮ϣ߰ս֮ϣȻ󱬷ǲǾ;߱Ǽʵ
սһߣһ߽ӵԼ˫ȭ֮ϣ̸оԼ˫ȭ̲֮ſ񱩵
һҪԣĿ¶˼ᶨ֮ɫ취УԼ;߱ڲ¶£ǿս
ߵ˵ڶСصǰһƿš
⡣
Ǹǵһ
»ڴأҼһᳬԽ꣡
ӴĽڵһķʮߣÿߵ϶ɢǿơ
û뵽һ˭֪һŴĻϵ˵
֪
Ҳ֣д½ô˵ҲǵˣֻǵͨءˣСӽг꣬᲻ǳҵˡ
˵صٶȻǴӡֻΪܲסߴصܹͷ뿴Сδصġ
ĵˣֻҪǵ򴳹أǵ˲ţǵϣСܹڵһľҲȡúóɼ
ʱĳѾվ˵ĴصĵڶСڣǰһ൱Ƕ۷Ļ˺һһ۷ĻˡľȭͷŶ˺˹ȥ
䡭
˱˳ȥվԼ˫֣á
أ˴ӵóء
һߴ߳뵽Сأһ߽˫ȭľ൱Ƕ۷壬ҪһصĻ˺úһ¾á
뵽Сأǰһһ൱Ƕ۷Ļ˺һ൱һ۷Ļˡһһҵųл˹˫ȭ趯ֱӭˡ

˼һֻǼغϣ㾡·硣ʱˣǸһ۷Ļ˴ˣֻҪûӮǸǶ۷ĻˣͲأǸһ۷Ļ˾ͻ᲻ϵΡ
ľǿֳһ־ˣܹطֱ˵һʵȴֻϼǾϷֱ˵һжȴЩﲻҪ
Ҳ˵Ķ˼άٶȣó·硣ֻһ취ǾʹþͷųֻˣʹþȭͷܺͽҲҪ뾫Լٶȡ
һʵѾȫߵսˣһߵս
ΨһǾߵսʽԶսͶԷ룬ȻԶ빥ѾǾĹΪߵ嶼ͶԷսǾ
սʽȫ˾ߵĳսʽչһֽսķʽ
һ־ߴûгԹսʽһȫµ


645 һ
⡣
³ˣôһ߲ŵ߳¡
ԭǰصʱʱѾûŶӴأվĶǱͳߣǸߵĺɶ߳ȥ
ৣǧĿ¡
ৣǧĿ˴Ļλеһ
ৣǧĿĳڣûп걻ͳӰ
ৣǧĿһ¡
ЩɣЩߵĿΪʲôءৡͣһΡৡԼ⣬ڵôĿԼĳǧĿΪʲôֳ˺üΡৣ
ĿⲻҲŴĻȥϵɫһ
ԼȻǵڶ
һǳꣿ
˭
ôû
µĿضŴĻϳ֣еսⲻϵڡ
СֵܣĳΪ˵һһĽ˵
ǵȻҴҪͨصˣԺ˵ȻĿŵǸһ˿أҪʰ𣿡
һֺõ˵ղҿˣѾ͵͵ˣ
ߣ
ĻͻȻһ٣Ϊ󲽳֮Щ߷׷ÿԶԶܹоһȵѹϾ˺ˮʼȥ
ǴĵܵܣҲܹˣ
ȭͷŬֱͦӣϴŴŵĺǼȴͦñֱ
磿µʵ
ǣ
µһ˿ɣǵͨ죬֪ڻʲôڻɳôǿĵܵô
ҪǿҪǿûǿ
µ˵ͷϵһգתߵԶվڳһų̬

һ´ѹ̫󣬴ʱƣоһᡣ
ڡ
ʱѾ뵽ĴصĵСأԵһ൱Ƕ۷Ļ˺һ൱Ƕ۷Ļˡ
ʱѾþս
ԼֻǽȫһֻȭͷϣսϣѾ൱Ǽļʵͬľͬʱʹʮѷɽÿһѷɽ൱ߵʵһ꽫ʮѷɽϳһѴ󽣣ͻΪļľ硣ղڵСسͨʵֹ˻ˡ
ǣͬʱͷһС;磬Ȼ󽫾˫ȭ˫ţֻ൱Ǽ۷塣ַͨĵСء
ȫ˾ڶܺͽһӾ͵䵽൱ڡ
䡭
˲ͳ˵ĸǰ˫ȭ˺˳ȥݺݵײںϽǽϣȻصˤڵϡ
أ
߳˳ڣ뵽ͨصϢң뵽Ϣڳɫһ㶣Ϣڿһˣ˲䷴Ӧ˹ӦûܹĴأ˵ԼǵһĴصߡ
֪Ǹ»᲻ᴳĴأ
һɳϣ۾ͨڴľʼѸٻָղŴĵľղڵĹزϵ龫ʹĲ١һӵգҪָ۷ܹء
Ϣڿͷıֱش͵ʮǰĴĻϡ
ᰡ
ǰҲʮҰɣһһš
˵ֻϼڣСӾôĹصģ
һʲôֲս
ֲܹսһԴ壬һĳԳҡ
һҵΪʲôܵǵμӴ
Ȼ鷢ǹôǵ򴳵ֻҪСӱĴŰ˴еκһǵ򶼻õһݽ
СӿǱĴȥģǰ˴ҵĵӣͲҪκμ壬ĿֻһǾǼš
ܹţǵõŽɾͷˡܹõһЩϵȵҩ˵ЩϼһܹõͻƵĻᡣ
˵ò
СһҪú£һڵһǽԵҲܹڽշһǵ򡣡

СʱϢڵĳ۾ľѾָ۷״̬վ˵صڡ
ƿͨصĴţһ˽ȥ
⣬ʱѾȫ̶˳֮⣬дĵӶѾ˳ʱҵĿⶼۼʮ֮ϳϡ
ͻȻڳ·һС֣ء
ʲô
괳˵Ĵأ
ʼأ
ˣм˰ɣǵûдصˣ
ڵܹã
ͨ𣿡
Ҵһͨصģ
ϳԺΧĿĽµĿ¶ֻǴĴأܹͳ궷һһֻǻĴͨˣڳǰǲһ
ʲôʱһôû˵֣
ʱĳѾ뵽˵صĵһСأǰһ൱۷Ļˡ
ʱȴͬʱž磬žβ˫ȭ˫ŰžһȫγһĿס


646 ĥ
һ걬ֻǶڡһʱ֮䱻Ļȫѹơ
ǳ겢ңþϵضŻ˵Ĺͬʱӿֳһ뷨ǾǷܹ֮뵽֮С
ԭȴʶȻж֮Уʶһ־󣬳ֻǾ˲Сʱʱ䣬ܹþʹ֮塣һ̰ƣѳ˻˵ѹƣ˫ȭ˫Ųͣػڻ˵ϡ

ռһܼĽײǻ˿൱۷ʵˣ˫ȭ˫ȻܼغڶԷϣȴֻǽԷˣܹɴӮһ
һ£ҪһСʱʱ䣬ܹ׽ǰ˻ܡ
ǰֲǻˣһߣܹڼ̵ʱڽԷСϾһߵģߵ۾˵ķʮƽû㣬ϵκβλﵽ۷ķ
ǳҲżý˲ϵϤá
ǣʮӵʱ䣬ǽϱһڣ֪ʮӵʱ䵽ˣԼܹˣǸھ͹ˡǳ겻Ҫ˷ζĻᡣ
ǣĴӶųӰͻ˴սϵԼھãԼһСʱ򣬳Ѿܹȫֽսľãҳ귢־õķᱻ˷ֻ֣ᱻһְԵս
Ȼи߾ľڳҲܹϳһ־÷Գ⣬ܹ־սʽòͬΪ˳һŵơ
ͬһԼĹ൱Ƕڣ֪ʱþγɵĿ׻ܶ
Ȼһ٣ӭ˻˵ȭͷ

α˳ȥڳļһεľռˣϵѪɡ굹һž赲һȭԻὫԼļιǴɷ顣
ҲʮֲܣȻͷû¶Ǽȴͬըҩը¶һȭͷСĿӣĹͷܹü
չ֮壬ͬʱһƬ֮Ļ꣬ϵ˿Ѹٵϡ
ҽеľڻףﵽʲôķ
ಡ
ͻ˾룬Ȼ󼱾ؽеľȫϵĿףʱǸѾ嵽˳ĸǰ꽫һӭ˻ˡ

һε˳ȥγļֻ΢飬żһ£ȫγһףӦ൱ڵķ
ҽۼһСΧγɵķﵽʲô׼
뵽̽еľۼǰϰӡ

γ֮ʱ˼Ȼһӿȴûˡ̹ƳôķӦ൱ڡ
һνСֻǻסǰأӭ˶ĸȭͷ

γ岢û˿ĺˣһдϲǰشСֱӴﵽļڡ
ͣס˽ŲվԭزŻ۶ɵľϿٵζӭŻ˵ȭͷ

ܼĺǸΧųٵתţ˫ȭ˫ܼغų塣ǿǴԼ߼۵ľϿζֵŻ˵ȭͷ
кüγٶһЩ˺壬ѽһСкڳϣļ򱬣Ѫ
ʵĳ൱þ۳һ߼ĶƣֻƴҿϿٵζֵŻ˴Ӳͬ򹥻ȭš
أƿγɵĶԽԽӦ֣˵ÿһι档
꿪ʼ𽥵СƵһСʱ򣬳ѾƵСһ߼
ʱ⣬е߶һãȻ
ⶼȥˣ
Դӳ뵽أѾȥСʱ˵ǴʧܣÿֻҪīʮӵʱ䣬ѻ˳ھܹء
ʧˣҲӦñͳˡǱˣʬҲӦñ˳
ⶼ۷׷ףŵڵ߶Ҳ΢΢üͷеĹâͻȻһһŵͷѵڵĻĥԼ
һڵĻĥԼڵķʮеһİ𣺡С̫ˣȻ˵
ڡ
˾սʽٺǸ
ಡ
֮֮
˲ڵеһСصĳڣ˳ȥŵڶСȥ
뵽ڶСأǰһ൱۷Ļ˺һ൱Ƕ۷Ļˡ
һýĥһԼ֮֮
ռڣֻͻأسһ˺¡¡׷ųΡʱĳþŨһһ߼ľƣǲûȥֵ˵Ľȫߵʵ֮֮ϵض˵Ľ
һ۷˺һǶ۷˸ֻӦеĳܴѹʱس޷ܵ״ֻþƵֵ˵Ľܼײ֮


647 
֪ѾȥһСʱʱѾ롣ײʼ𽥼٣ʧײ֮֮֮г۷徳硣
ˣ˶ڳ˵ѹ
ಡ
Ʈ˵ڶСأ뵽˵СءڵСڵȴųһ൱۷˺һ൱Ƕ۷Ļˡͬĳ˵ûʲôѹ
֮֮ʩչ˳ǼĻȫ׽ټǳ겢ûþܻˣǼ֮֮ʮӵ֮Ʈ˵Сأ˵Сء
СسֵĻһ൱۷Ļ˺һ൱۷ĻˣĻٴθ˳һѹͨٴ˻˺;Ƶײ
λѳʱã˽һСʱʱ䣬ó꽫֮֮ɾ硣
ó̾д½Ǹ̾Լд½ˡԼİ̫ˡ
֮֮ﵽ˴ɾ磬óٴûѹλζѾƮ˵Сأ뵽˵Сء
ڵСڳֵһ൱۷Ļ˺һ൱۷Ļˡ
һ߼Լһ뵽ȵڵһ֮ʱĶ֣Լƾ֮֮ĴҲڲ֮ء
ʮһɢȥ˾Ķơ֮֮αƮ˵صĳڡ
ϵĴĻϣڳ֣ͨأ
䡭
ǧ߷ˣжڵû˴ͨˣû뵽Ǽ֤һλͨصš
ͨˣҴͨˣǿҴͨˣشӵϱȭͷϵ˻š
ͨˣĴͨˣһʿŵŴĻ̶һ˻ǵ˴ͨˣ
µĿŴӵسĳڣҪ꾿һʲôˡ
θոմӵĳڳһվ棬һ΢Ц˵꣬Ҫ㡣
Ҫң
һԼ飬³ԼֲܹܾȶһԼľص˵ͷǸ߽Աߵһţ˲ã뵽ݣһֱ˵ʮŲ㣬ǸߵĴ߽һķ
뵽Ŀһɨ˷ʮߣÿߵ϶ɢӴϢľͷųȥʮߵһɨĿһʮ˾ȻʮǼż۷壬ѾǼߵĵȼмһ˸Ǽһ
ջ˾Լ񣬳ʮ߹һλǰ
ʮߵ϶¶˴Цݣ´ųֳ꣬͵̬мǸһ΢Ц˵꣬ҾǳǵĳԲ
ٴʩ
ɣ
ǣ
ĩβλ£۹۱Ǳǹĵ
꣬ճǳҵӣ
ˣһǼƷһľǺܺõҡҡͷǣ
ŶüëһʵӦڵȵΪʲôȴһֱû˵㣿
سһֱʦӣǰЩʦɽ
Ŷ˼ص˵ͷ˵д½кܶ࣬ҲûлɣлЩˡΪһĵ˲š
ʦǣ
ֳһ˿Ϊѣֵ̰ˣҲˡ꣬ǵ˲ţһδͨص˲ţǵȥμӾԱν
һν۾һϿɾʣٶƷʯȵ˷ĵһ̫ƽǣһˡȻԼһδͨصˣƷӦ÷ɣ
۾ЦˡСӻһֱӣòԣҲ£һЩ
꣬ıóҿ
Ҫ͸ұ
дϲȡмǰսսֻһƷиǶ϶Ҳᣬȡһʽͳеսĳֵ꣬һƷ۷ս͸㡣ϣֳܹսھΪǵ⡣
л
꼱æվ𣬽еսյУǰ˫ֽӹ˷еս
ԡ
꽫ս˳һĨⱬķ
õ겻ѿ޵
ķȡһеݸ˳꣬һžԪܹԪٶʮ
Ǹ۾ʮٶ˵ܹҵõһͻơ귭ֽս˫ֽӹел
СȡһſƬһǧƷʯҲǸĽϣڽҪ˵򡣡
ڳ꣬Ѿ϶ܹǰ˵ܹһǧڡԳŻ߰˴һģڽһΪǿߣԲ˵һ仰
ף깧˵
⼸첻Ҫ뿪ǣȵǽ֮󣬻һЩϸ㡣
л
˷˶ĺôĸл˳꼸䣬óȥ
ڳ㿴ۼ˺ѹѹһƬˣǧ߾Ȼû뿪㶼档ǧ˫۾˲ڳϡǧ˫۾УоһĿͬһԼɻ˹ȥ


648 ͻ
£
ӭĿεĵڶ¡֮ǰھƵĵϿȻһ۾ϳ˶Է
ؿһ۳꣬˫֮ӿޱߵս⣬Ȼת뿪Ⱥ
磡
Ⱥм˳ų˹ѾǳʹӣԶų˹ȥһ˵ϣ˻ţ磬ͨˣͨˣ
֪֪Цĺ󱳡

ȺųΧ˹һų깧صϲ֣
̫ˣ
֣ҵż񣡡
֣ʲôʱǳԶٷ
֣費Ҫʹӡ
ЩŮ߶ԳҰ㡭
ճĶӡ
ǣҲû赲˵飬߿ʼǰǾƵݷó꣬ﻹкܶļҲЩ֪Գͷǲ꣬ǻϣܹͳһԵ
һֱϾŵ㣬ŽԼҪϢԼ徻æĵ뿪˾Ƶ꣬ȥ
⣬ϥգǧǹⴹϡ
ȡǸУеǿžԪץУУΪҺ˳¡
ˡ
ǳ֮ƽʱʮٶųӿ룬һת񱩵ӿĵתǳЩǳ֮ڵǿǳһӿʼһ˿˿׳
оԼĳûдﵽޣɵȡһƬ֮ĻУʱڵԪøӵͣת뵽֮ڣתǳ֮ӿǿ֮ڡ

ȡһƿǳ֮ҺУڵԪͬһӿ

ľʶ͸뵽ھȵطֲȻʼܼ
ˡ
ǳ֮ٶһֱַһǳһ˿˿ǳܼ֮ؽͬһ貵ڣȫӰֻܹһ貵ǹ⡣
ˡ
س죬ʵϼ۷壬񱩵ǳ֮ڷӿڡϢϼڳȥ

ѵһĻᣬ겻ҪǳкףžԪЧͻƣҪͻƣټĶξԪЧֱӳԼڡ
һҧ̷ֱƬ֮Ļ̷꣬ƿǳ֮Һʱ·ˣԪü
ϻѪϵëҲʼѪҵʹóļⶼʼ鴤
ǻȴϼڵıϳһ˿ѷ죬ҧתǳ֪ɰܾڴһ٣ʧˣϵѷͻϣԼεŬﶼ׷˹
һСʱСʱ
СʱȥѾΪһѪˡ
ǲ
һ࣬ϼڵıˣϼڡ

곤³һǹȻɢȥ¶Ѫһسꡣ
ԪǺö֪ûģ
꿴ԼѪ죬磬ڵĺϴһ裬Ȼһ·Ŵг·¡
ص˾Ƶ֮ڣո˴Ӵĳ꣬¶˷֮ɫ磬Ƿˣ
ʲôˣЩĪ
ﰡ˷ܵشӴԪռȡһͨÿڳǰ磬ЩЩµҿһ£ٵһǧƷʯߵͰƷʯЩͨÿܹǧʮƷʯһǧʮƷʯ
ŶҲ˷ոմӳõһǧƷʯֵõ˶ƷʯƷʯӴԪռȡԼͨÿݸЩƷʯԼŰɣƷʯתſϡ
ã磡̰˵ԣȥݿʼæ
ʯת֮󣬳ȥǵҩ̣ȴϴʶ͸ˣͷһʹʣǰݷԼˡ
벻ЩˣЩ˶ٶ͸ԼһЩʯʯԼȱٵĶ˵ˣԼҪд½סܳһʱ䣬ǲܹ˶ˡ
ӲͷƤǰţֿʼһжɴһ߹ͨ磬žһӦǰˣľ㹻ǿֻǷֳһľжҲ
ڽ̸гҲû˾ԪǷгۣгۣǼ۸ˡ˽Ԫĵȼ˵һ֮󣬳֪͸ǿžԪƷԪƷԪܹԪٶһٱ
ʹˣƷԪļ۸ҲѳһȻﵽһǧƷʯһţԳҲ˶١ƷԪڳǸûУҪȥһߵڶг۵ģҪһǧƷʯܹһţҲ˵͸һǧƷʯҲ͹һƷԪġ
һ֪ЩʯûоԪƷѾܾûҩˣ뿪ʱ򣬸ոմﵽƷҩʦˮƷԴ뿪˵Ҳûҩʱ䶼ڸ·ϡ
жһӦſˣһ߷ֳһƾ뵽пʼ鿴Щʯ
鿴һЩʯԿ϶ŵ˾һҩʦǲȴѵȫ뵽ҩ֮С⣬ҩҩֻǱͬˣͬġ


649 ټ
ƷԪҩƷ֣濴һ飬㱻ƹ̵ĸӾˣҩƷ۷ҩԳĿǰˮ׼ɹʲߣ˵Ἣ͡ǳѾ˲Щˣ̿ʼоƷԪҩ
ջ˾һԼͻȻҪչصĽڣߣ̻صԼķ䣬ſڲŽ뵽֮С
Щ뿪߿ϹűչصӣһжðĽ֮ɫ
žŰһ춼ܹûȡ
뵽֮ҩ԰вժһƾԪҩҪĲҩ֮󣬱㿪ʼ
ķһʱ䣬ܹʮƷԪҩȴֻһƳɹɹֻһɡҲóʮָˣô˵ƳɹһƿԪҩܹٶһٱƷҩ
ЩؽɴҪȥⳢһ£ڳһлһ˿΢⣬ȫڰٳȥ
ϥڴϿʼҪ״̬۷壬Ҳ÷ܹٶȰٱľԪҩ
һСʱѾȫڰӴ͵͵ط˳ȥȥ⣬ǹ䡣ÿһμǹ⣬жʮּ
ϥգȡƿԪҩһ׽ƿԪҩ˿С
䡭
ڷ·ͻȻ쫷磬Ԫͬ쫷ľײųľǹ⿪ʼŤų弤Ȼٵ˳ڡ
ܿ죬ڳΧγһ籩γһ޴н棬·ʱ䱻ʵ÷飬һӵʱ䣬ϵļʼ飬Ѫ˳Ʈڵľ񱩵ײиʼѡ
ۡ
һѪаһãٱյٶ̫ˣԼǿȸͲܹӦǿȡֲ÷ֻԼһƷԪ
ȥԼͻᱻи顣
֮֮޸塣
꼱æȡһƬ֮Ļ̷

ȡһƬȻȡһƬ忪ʼ޸޸ٶԶԶٶȡ

겻ϵȡ֮Ļ̷֪꣬һ䲻֮޸ٶȲ׷ٶȡ
ʱʱľתǳһ߱ǳƻһ֮߱޸飬ʱһųӵǿͣṹӵؽܣľɢһ־ӨĹâ
ˡ
ڴһ죬Ϣһ·Լ۷ûֹͣϼڵıϡ
䡭
һ죬ͻƵԼڣһֱԼ۷壬Ǽıϵס겻ϵתǳǼıϣȴһʧʳһƿǳ֮Һҿ˾Ҳֹܹһ˥ֱʧ
ԪҩҩЧʧˣԼ徭øǿˣѾϼ۷ǿȣǿʲô̶Ȳ֪ǳȴ֪´ηþԪҩЧһôЧ
ֿܹƷԪҩĳǺبڵıҲԽӵؼˡҩЧһʵҩЧҲԽԽ͡
ų壬ȥѪ۹һν뵽֮УںˮϴһߣŸϸļ겻ЦԼƤ»ĽһȺŮӰɣ
һˬ·귵˾Ƶ꣬Ӵ͵͵ؽ뵽ڣ͸ţϥſ
ջ˾ֿʼƾԪҩ˱ͫΣ²ԷӰ쵽塣ڽڣҩϳȥҩĳɹһɣʵҲûͻǼ
ǳ֪ڻ۽׶ΣֻҪ۵һ̶ȣҩˮƽʵõͻơ
˵磬һҩһ˿һԼѾûд£ŴԼ꽫һ˿͸ţʱһߣǸ߳ʶǵԼ߳󣬴Լȥˡ
˲ˣһǷõ߸ߵϡԼҩֵƹؼʱ̣㽫ƾͽĶ䡣
úдˣҵһͳ
ɫһ㶣̶һִܵķطд½УҲ˲ָƽתͷǸ߿˵λ磬Ҵղ˵ˣҪһܿͳ
λߵͷ϶һǵĽҪͷĵصȴΪһ裬Ȼվ˳չصķſڡ
Լȥ˰СʱǸЩͷ꿪˳鲻̫ãΪҩһʧˡòغǸߴкǸ߼˳Ҳվ߰ɣѾ˺ܾˣ
˼ñչء͵
ף
ھƵڵȺǸ߳˾Ƶ꣬˷ɳųȥƵԶԼӵʱ˳ǸߵĴ£뵽˷İ칫ҡ
꣬
екһĻĸǰڸ߱ϣеңĻһ߿н˵ţһ߰ең
ǵڰڰвûʲôֵעߣûдͨصߡǾͲÿˡ


650 
ǵͬҲûдͨصˣҲعעǵҪעĵһй꣬ǵΨһһͨصߣͨصʱҪ̺ܶࡣݴ˵ƾͨأƾʵͨأԵھʱҪעñһֲǵ飬һַ֮壬һ㣬ٶ׽ʮӦ꣬ڻôʱ䣬ĥɣʲô壬ʲô磿
û˵Լ֮֮˵س֮壬ﵽ˴Բ硣
ã۾һ֮Ϸ֮岢·磬Ҿͷˡһ۷ʵֻϼɣ
ǣͷӦ
̫ˣüͷҪڶʱڽʵҲܣΨս취ˣҼʹõıսʲôս
սһһʽƵһʮʽˮֵҶ˴Բ硣
֮⣬ˮ֮⣡˵أԵ֮ˮ֮ⲻʺϵʺϽֲʵսͳԿһɽûȥúһȡھ֮ǰ򡣡
ȡһ׵ݸ˳꣬˫ֽӹ˵ף촽˶ջǿʵһ²
˵
ÿһõ˽𣿡
ǣЦÿһõȴ˷񣬱ս
ǡ
꣬׾ͱʦ֮أܶ㶼֪Ҿȸ˵һ¡
˵ңȥϵĲ꼱æվ˲ΪԼ裬Ȼ󾲾Ŷķһȫ˽д½Ļᣬλᡣ
һڲ裬豭˫֮䣬˵д½ְܹ˸д½ϵԪŨҲͬд½ĵԪΪŨԪŨ޼
һ͵ڶδ½ģ򵽵ڰΧŵһ͵ڶڵһ͵ڶԪΪŨԸĸֶۼڵһ͵ڶγд½֮أҲǸ֮ء
ڵһ͵ڶγĴźͰ˴塣еһڣڣҶңңңŷڵһڣڣң˾ͽңңڵڶ
꣬Ҹղ˵ľ趼ڵһ͵ڶ򣬱縨ҩбȸǵ򵽵ڰڸڵһ͵ڶ
øҩ˵ɣǵĳҲֻܹƳϵҩоƷҩЩڵһ͵ڶĴźͰ˴С
Ҫõͱ빺򣬵Ǽ۸һ֡Ҳͬһ͵ڶΪ˱֤д½ȵλãǲŸ·šҲ̨һǾǵ򵽵һ߼ĴŻ߰˴壬ĴźͰ˴ͻᰴھеߴĵŻݵļ۸
һֻҪһǧ߽뵽֮ڣǸĴźͰ˴忪ĸ̶9.9۳Ʒֻ9.9ۣҲǲٵʯһҪǧ߽ôף
Ҫ֪ڵһ͵ڶţǾͽռݴҪǧ߽ǲܡ
ǣֻҪһ߽뵽һǧ֮ڣĴźͰ˴Ǹ̾ͻ9.9ۣҪǧ߽뵽˺ܶࡣĸһ߽뵽ǰĴźͰ˴Ǹ̾ͻ9.8ۡ
ĸһ߽뵽ǰʮĴźͰ˴ͻǸʼ̴9.7ۡǸ߼˵ǸŻ߼壬ᵥǸÿµ³һ죬ƷԳʮۡ
ǸմǰףеĴźͰ˴Ǹ̻9.6ۣǸӼŻ߼Ǹÿµ³һ콫̸Գʮ۵Ʒ
Ǹߵõ˵ڶĴźͰ˴Ǹ̳Ʒ9.5ۣȻǸ߼ŻǸÿµ³һһټ۵Ʒ
Ǹ¶˾һĴźͰ˴Ǹ̳Ʒ9.4ۣǸ߼Ż߼Ǹÿ³ĵһټ۵Ʒһֱһ֮ʱ
ߵĸֻһܹʵһȵʱռơĽҲΪ񣬾Ͳ˵ˡҼǳǵĳҲǵˣ
ˣֲ÷˶Դ
ڵһͨصߣҶϣ㲻ҪҵΪǵ档
һģȵЦҵ档
ЦֻȡøõΣܹѡõĹޣһϽȷʵǺ͵ܽһ𡣺ˣǼ
ŷңĻϵͼת˵
һ״ãûдͨصˡǶûдͨصҲܹӣߵʱһֵעÿһߵϸϸ㡣
лл
һͷͣǾȻͨصģһҪע˽أһ۷ʵͨصģҲǷ֮塣˽֣購һ۷ʵҲͨأһ֮塣Ҫرע⣬죬ǶڵʵȻҲأǰ֮壬ʮֵع졣һϻȥúоһ¡
ǣ


651 ɽ
ڶžۼأڵڶܹʮͨصߣе߸ƾأ߸ʵǶ۷壬Ƕ۷壬ȴƾǿ似ǿͨءѾﵽڣҲǿͨءкܴѣʱֱ䣬ڱĳȡʤ
ɫ˵꣬ҪСߣҪ֪۵ģǿߴʲôûˡ
ףȻӦУеսȴôҲڵס÷ֻеǵһ̾
ˣ꣬һš
Ļϱ˵һŵÿһңһ֣ͻǸ˵Ӱϸϡ
ڵһܹʮ˸ͨصߣа˸Ƕ߸ڡ۷壬һڡЩ˶һǿߣҪסǣǵʱֱ䡣
ֻǵͷûҲȥеս⣬÷ʮ⣬аǼ˵һǿߣϨȥǿġʶʱĵ
ȡһݸ˳꣬˸вߵϸϣȥúÿЩӾڳɽʲôҪܺᡣ
ллӹ˴Ȼųʩһǡ
ص˾Ƶ꣬ûȥЩߵϣ˸аߣһȥ겻øɱˣ׼ȥһ̫ƽǣŶ֮ٿԼֵҲ٣ҪǿǱɽĵס
ϱչص֮󣬳뵽Լķ䣬ϣǱɽĵס
һף̸оһɽԼֻһ׾һϢĸо
һһʽؿȥԽ¿ԽоѣǲһͼҲһ壬ǾһɽѵɵĴɽѹ
һʶڵľӿһ޴Соһ壬·Ǿ޴ѹ˲䱻ʶڵľ޴һ㡣
һҳһҳطȥؼ۾ؼһҳһλ㶯
Ҫؼͷβ꣬꣬һ꣬Ҳ¡ͷβ꣬ɽɽСɡ
ȻⱾؼģһؼкصɽ֪ؼһλ˵ò١ԼӵżƷһ۷壬Ͳܽͷβ꣬Ҫʱ䣬Լ
ĻԵ굱ȻϷ˫ĿϸζŸղŵ򡣽ϵƱúξȻһָɽĸо
һ죬ûȥһֱҹʱ֣ų³һ
ӵվ꼱͵Ŷųǵȥгء
ʯ֮󣬳һյȡսʼʮʽɽӵһʽʼ
˳Ƶƿ֮ʹĳտʼܿ죬㿪ʼػԽԽǵȴԽԽأ·ÿһһɽ

յˮü¶һ˿ƣ
ɽȻǷֻ̫ķԪֻʹ飬֮Ԫ
ս磬߳ص˾Ƶ֮ڡϴһ裬ϳЩʧ
ԼѾɽСɾ磬ȴ֪гɾ磬Ǵɾ硣
ǳףֻƾŷ֪²ܹɽ⣬ͻȻһ˵ԼڻƺӰˮ֮⡣
ȻɽȡɽƣǲҪɽ֮ɽƣ
곯⺰һ
˽磬㻽Һ£
ȥһ̫ƽǵ;ɽΪΡ룿
ǵȻǽһ֮ɽɽ
ɽɽһɽ
Ȼǣһ߼ʵɽһд½ߵɽֱʣɽɽ֮Ϊɽɽ
ãȥУȻǾȥɽɽ
ȥɽɽԾسͣŵ磬кܶޣԽӽɽԽǿ󡣡
ø꿴һҲҪúһ£ֻвϵʵܹٵֻڼô󡣡
ǡðɣ
ӦûǿֻǳȼȥɽɽоȥǴҪȥҲ޷ˡ
ڶ졣
緹ųȥ˳֮󣬱ԼҪȥɽɽ˼ֱһĿڳػصؿ˼飬ղŻɵʵѵ״ͷβˣ
ˣ
Ŀˣ
Ŀˣ
ãȫһ
˵ߵ˰칫ҵм䣬ʾ궯֪֡ǼҲԾԾԣܹǼдһһҲǳܹ֪ԼսΡ
ԡ
սڵǳ֮˲ӿ뵽ս֮ڣһŶķ˹ȥ
ڷҰУһ·Ϊһɽѹ˹
СӣаޣֻһʱͽɽСɾ磬
һֻȭͷųսӭ˹ȥ
䡭
һ죬굶۶ɵĸɽ˲⣬칫ڵļҾߺƬ
顭
űײ߳˽ǰ˰֣Щ˳Ծؿһ۳꣬Ȼٵ˳ȥ
ȻɽСɾ磡
꽫ս𣬹˵ǲһֻȭͷ



652 ޳
ЦһǼһϼôпɱԣﵽϷ磬ʹɽϷһǶ֡
ţЩ⣬ǷģѵԼûⲻ洫ĵף
ɻЦ˵żȻõģҲֻСɾ硣Сɾ֮˼꣬ȴҲûдﵽгɾ磬ŷˡοҼҴĹǽ
˵΢΢üͷʹҪǿ࣬Һһ磬ԲĶ֡
갵ƲƲ죬аǳ֮ʵԪܹģ
ʱͻȻǵϿ˾ͷһ㶣ŷɫǾޱ䣺޳
޳оһ㶣ѵд½Ҳ޳
ಡ
ʧſڣҲһ˺棬ܿ쿪һ䣬ڷſ֣һ񡣷Ҳûдǣƿ˷˽ȥ˵˽ȥ
Ҫ꣬Ǽûзջûж뵽֮󣬱֪һָӲʮλڽŵæµš
ôʵ
һ߾弶޳볯ǻʮҡ
䣬ʮӰָӲתͷһǵԼʮǼ֡
֣´
ǣ
˲
棡ٴη
ǣ
Ļϳǵȫͼڻϳ꿴˳ǵķڿѸؽ档
޳棡
ǣ
濪ʼתʮ޳档̳޳ûӴҲֹһΡǵϵ޳û޳ءڵһ޳Ҳϼ޴졣
ǡ
ʱڴĻϳֵĶʲô
ûһֻ޵ڶ׸ߵģҲҲϼдĳ׵ޣֻǿǿֲξ˸оѹ
СӣҲˣһվڳԱߵǼһ߶ŴĻһ˵
ǰ弶޳ʲô𣿡ʵ
ǸǼֵĿɽŴĻ˵Ǽޡ
ǼޡľһϼǼǰ񲻾һ
ģֻһǼޡ

һϾһǼ֡ǸǼĻǲ֪ǸǼ޻Ǽ
ǡܹס޵Ĺ𣿡겻òʳ仰ΪԿ϶ϵķֿ϶סǼ޵Ĺ
ֻܹסһʱ䣡
˻굹һ
Ҫ̫ģǸǼڴ˰οǵֵ޳Ҳ弶ͨҲĳͻƵǼ֮󣬲Żᱬּ޳ǸӦֻǼһӦˡ
ʱɫȴʮأͻȻ˵ͣ
̶һ޵ͼϣ˵ĿⶼۼǸ޵ϣð죬һƺǼһ۷壬ҪϷ΢ǿһЩöԸӴս״̬ٳߡ
Ҫٳߣ֪ԼѲˣͬʱȡֻһһܵھƵ꣬ͰӳķԸ
ͷһ۳ţȥſڽɡȻڳزμս
ΪʲôԻų
󣬵ָھȡɼ㲻ܹ
ĬĬ˵ͷת˳ȥд½ûйУϸ˵˫ųޡԳ겢ǺԸμսд½ѰһԵԼ취Σġ
ЩҲд½һЩ˵Ķݣ緽ҲѣԴʱҲܾᡣ
˵ɣһ·һѰ˼ԼʵͣҲﲻʲôæ
˵绰֮󣬳վڳſڵȴŵʱڳϣһȴɣǲǵһν޳
ֵϣһӶӳΪͨͬʱҲдڹ㳡ϾۼȻге߽Ƿֳӣɳߵδӳǿٵ뿪㳡
Լʮӵʱ䣬ڳǰɫ֮˽š
磡

ָӲȥ뵽ָӲĬվһߣŴĻȥ
ָӲںܾ˵ĿⶼۼڴĻϡʱڷٵعȥͻȻڵˣ
䡭
оʼ޳ٽ̤ɵս
յ
ǣ
׼յ׼յ
ڴĻϿһսڳڳͷ˺棬յʲô
10987654321䣡
䡭
һڿҫ۵Ĺâ漴һŴˡ
ֻһſڵȺбը֮󣬲ϵԭӵһ޴ĢƣһڶЩڶһޣûбɵޣֻҪЩڶҲ˲ʵ÷顣
̫ˡ
𶯵˼㣬ڵϣԭӵƾҲֵܹǿյԿ϶Լ޷ֵ
ڴģʵ̫ˣ񺣳һس˳ǡ
𡭡
𣬳꿴޴ײ˵ǰޣֱӴЩյγɵĺڶǰ̧޴ǰǰצݺݵһĻ˹ȥ
䡭
ó𺳵ĺڶȻ˲䱻ЩĻķ顭


653 
˲Σֲõٵ˹ģ͵ȼ޳ǵֵܹģ
ֲõڶ͵ļغ٣д½Ҳֹۣʱ޳ǰ
بڵд½мһ޼ʵԭʼɭ߽ޣǾǺب֮ǵ
廹ǱˣΪ޳
Ļϵŭ𣬳޻ޣǰĽŲδֹͣ
磬㿴Ų
ڴĻǳյĳͻȻƬķڱųǷ
ߣת󲽵ȥЩǼֽ󣬻һЩߴŸ˺棬ټָӲֻʣˣ⻹ǰڡ
ûĸָӲڵæµſװͲϵؽһЩǵĻ棬ʱضԻͲ㱨š
Ҳ֪ǻ㱨˭²Ӧǻ㱨
ʱ˺ܶӣߵһԱߵ£кҲ£ȻĿŴĻϵĻ档
޾Ҫ嵽ǵˣ˵ֶܹã
˼һµ˵ڳǳֹһ弶޳Ǵγǵķּ졣
죿ɫһأ
Ȼسսˣֳ֮ɫ˵Ǵسսڵȥһ롣
һ룿Ƕ٣
˵ٶ򣡡
˻굹һ޳ˣ
Ȼˣ˵ǷǸǼһնɱ֮޳ȥ
ΪʲôֻǼһޣѵûжߵģ
˵ǵʵǿ޾ǼһƺһͳһĸͻƵǼض޳ࡣǽǳعǣǸͻƵޱնɱһնɱ޳Իȥһ޳Ƴɱ֮󣬱޳ŰֱһߵڶֽնɱΪʲôûһ޳ƳǣǻͨѪõͻƣ˵мǸǼһ޹˳ǳأڵĴŰͨѪ⣬Ȼһ·ͻƵǼ߼һ͵ڶ߶ɱ˺ܶࡣԵһǼżնɱ
䡭
Ƕڻζ޳˳ǽ£ʼ֡
ںиֳûмʼǳڶ˺⣬ȻҲ˺ȴҪܹ֮ܶɱһֻޡ޽޴кڷϡ
꿪ʼսʱʹõĶŭ𡣳Ŀⶢһϡ
Ƶĸڣڵȴʮ־ˡڵ󣬵ڳ꿴Ѿﵽ˵ⵯ
ֻ޴ڵȻЩҲûһвһ£Щϼ޻һǶǼޣһֻһޣҲҪ
޵ķ̫ǿˣڳûпʲô㣬޵۾ڵٶǶ㲻Ǳ۾ٶȴУһƤǼһҲֵܹڵ
䡭
һ弶޲ҽŴӿˤȥ۾һԭһŸڵڵǸ޵ĸţˡ˲ǿڵ޵ڱըǸ޴ӿˤ䣬ʧȥսѪͬȪһӿֻʧѪһжǸ弶޻˶á
Ҳ㰡˷ܵ˵
ûãɥ˵޹ǵʱͷǣǸʹ򲻵ǵĸš
ǿԴϷɵЩް
ҲǰѸųǣнǶȵġҡҡͷ
תתȴû޳Ĺֵֻܹ죬Ϲͨ翪ʼڴľ
۾Ҳȥųֻ꣬ĿŵעڴĻҲǳ۵ùˣҲ޹ǵľ޴ѹ֮£굽˵ҹƷıϿʼɶˡ̿ʼһ
ǡ
ʱǾҵҡͱһ޺ˡ
ָӲڵĸɫһƬ԰ףһ߷صŻ棬һ߲ϵػ㱨Ż濴һС
ǵĳǽͬһ޴Ľʱ˵ڶţ߳嵽˵һţʼⲫ
ಡ
γ˸߿գһֻ˫ͷ˹ȥǸ˫ͷֻǼһޡ
һһ˲伤һ
Ǹռû壬Ҳûޣ޶֪ȥҲﲻæǶڲʱعעſеս廹޶֪еһսϵ˫ʤ
ʤˣԱȫ
˫ͷʤˣ彫ӭѡ
յʱȥеһһɼò¡Ҳҵؽɱһ
̫ˣΪµǿЩޡ˵ǰǵЩ޶ܹɣΪʵﵽܹշеĳ̶ȡܷɺ츳ͿԷɻűʵշҪԪģˣԽˡ
ԣЩ츳ܹɵ޻ԸڵսҲˣһϿУս½ɡ
һЩų츳ܹɵ޶ڵϵв̫ˡǷϿУս½ǸͲǷ޵Ķ֡
ֻڵϣһľ档ȻеķޣЧ΢


654 ս
ЩŶΣ·һ壬ͻȥߡߵϣȴѽǻУǶһһطס
ָڵĸ۾ˣû죬ǿ˴رЩֳߡ
߶ǵͽߣ߽߶˵һߺⲫ
ָӲڵһ߻ͷһ۳껹۾ֳŭȻʶ꣬ĵһôܲʶŭȵС
ʱͻƵıԵ֪ںʲôˣվ˵˭ǵС
˵ǣǸҲҶɱޣȴָӲث֣Ҳһޣ̰
㡭
ʲô㣿ɱȥ
ɫͨ죬ͷϵĳ꣬ɱ۾ͬ˯һ㡣
˵ثְɣôܹװ˯ޣ
磡سų꺰
ǳȴԲɱ۾촽䶯˼£һƨȥ
Ǹؿ˳һ۵ɱȥˡ￴˱ɱ޶ԣΪٸߣҲʺһʺ
صͷֻǳûгܹ뿪ͳ˳ȥ
ʱڷɿţǶ˵Ƕ꣬Ϊĸ߲ʱϼ䡣
ͻȻ۾ֳ˿ĵЦݣڸղڽͻƵ˼Ʒڣ൱ߵļڡ
۾ĳ̿˴ĻֳĳΪٳòֻ˫ͷ忪ʼ·硣
ڿз޵ڻ£ϵѾ˳ǽһӷ˿УǺܿͱеķɱһա
΢΢üͷΣܹǸ˫ͷǿ¼ֲ˶ˡ
ƣҲûл·
ߣ
磬㡭ˣɫϲ
ָ߳Ӳĸɫһ㶣̶һ߲ȷ˵ȥʲô
Ӧȥɱ˰ɣ
ǡѵղ˯ˣ
ڻ
ȱˣѰȻڸʲô
߳˳̧ͷȥзգڵĴϴʱһˡкܶͽڣſзǹǶЩ޸ûв
һǵˮƽȷʵôһеҲСʱųǽЩߵս
ԣЩҲۼͣ·š
ת׿һɣ
ǰһ磬Ҫһ𡣡
꿴еļᶨ˵ͷã
䣬ƮԼһߣŵųǽķȥҲѧڳȥ
⽵ٶȣ˦ûӰˡҲʮżΪղڴĻϿˣȻڽڽڰˣǻûʧȥ·һͿء
ֻǷӣܲǻٶȣһץסȻٶȫ
ಡ
س˲ʧټ
ָӲڵĸɫһ㶡
ô죡

Ļֳ˳ӰʱѾóߵĿƿۿɼĲơ
ǡϼߵٶȣָӲڵĸ߿
ಡ
һֻ޿ŵ漱ٷӵĳ꣬ų긩һֻӥ׳ɢһƣֻ̽ӥצ˺˿Хų˹
ȡսڵǳ֮ھСӿ𣬰ɽӿս֮ڡ
ಡ
ӭֻӥȥϵȻϵƴ˳ȥͬһײֻӥ
ȻڿӭУָӲǸá߳Ծس͡
ʱֻӥĶײҲսϵĺܶ߿һо⽫һʱû߷ϿսһĽһ֧ӣҲ㶼
ǡ
пһ߳𡭡

ǳ꣡
еĳˣƺأߵУеսѾһѵһɽųĵȥɽڲסͬһɽһغ˿Ǹӥ
䡭
ս;ӥ˫צҵײһ𣬳·䡣
߿
һӥצӿе䡣
ʲô
꾹ȻһǼӥצӣ
ಡ
ڿлһߣͬһسھӥͷǰɽĵڶʽ˳ȥ
˵ӥȣǺ;ӥǿž޴ͷ­ȣҲͬһֻһ㡣ƫƫһͬһɸ߷壬Ȼն˾ӥͷϡ
ۡ
ӥͷһ룬յŵ温ȥֻӥʬӿ׹䡣
ಡ
һץŵŸڵķ򼲷ɶȥ
䡭
ֻӥʬˤڵ棬ҳһӡ
ͨ
꽫ӵ˵ϣվһڵǰ͸˲ǸڡӸɨȻ߳ԾĿ˫ַɿض
Ҫʲô
ڲжڣ
жʲôѵҪĴܲɣ


655 

ӵʱ䣬ͽǸڲж΢΢һüͷ⻹ԼϤд½ϵڶβжܹڡ
һֿŸڣΧڵȻĿĹˣȻָžԼԸһռһЩڵ߲ҡ
䣬ξŵ˳ȥԭ;ﲻףֻ˲͵ǽȻʧ֮ڡ
ϵûʱȥע꣬ȻǺҪ֪ڸʲô츩ķǺܿ켯˾ܼĸڵ˸߿ա
ʱսҪֳ֡ΧһֶǸ߽ߣǶǰⲫĶǵͽߣſеķޡ
ѸռһЩڵŲԶĽŵȥܿҲʧڽ֮ڡ
ʱѾһ㣬ǳ֮ȭͷϱһ㣬ݺݵغ֮
䡭
ﱻһ󶴣꿸д½ĸڷɵݶ֮ϣ΢΢۾Ͽȥķڲϵظţÿһθ嶼һߵ
ȡһ䵯ҩڵ˰ۣ˸ھӵľʮӴ󣬼ƷľȫչĻַܹԲʮ׵Ŀռ䡣
Գֻ͸һС־˷ԲףҲܹ֤ԼǰΧ޹֤Լİȫ
Ȼ͸һС־˿еһֻޣһ־ڸڵڿڣıڵй켣
ಡ
һֻķһڿаڳһ͵׶ŵ温
顭
ϵ߷ܼǹϣǵֹЩеķޣΪǰһ˿ơ
Щʵ̫ǿˣЩڵǵϣǲۼ赲ȻҲܹˣȴЩǹҲܹԱͫв
Ӵûи𵴶ĿЩͽվסڵϷһ˫˫۾˿иµޡ
顭
۶еİһڵӸڿڿлĻߣ׼˿һ޵ĸš
䡭
һſڵһ޵ըһһ޴ķŵ׹䡣
ָӲڵĸһֱų꣬ӴĻϿһ֮һɫ״
ڡڵҲܹ
ΣΣ
սһߺһ̴ܽ塣
䡭
ֻ޴ӿˤѻûüε
𡭡ֻûȫķ޷˰

˴ڳ˳Żδֻ޿
ô¶ôˣһһ˺Ȼʵ
ô֪
Ǳ˴İɣ
˭ôһӴ
Σֵˡ
䡭
ֻ޴ӿе
ݣǱˡҸǱգ˭ǹô׼ۼ߿ÿӿеķ޺ըѪģ
Ǳ߿ͻȻ˳ꡣЩ˲ɽĿųȥ
վʮ˲㽨ݶϣŸڣڿڲͣ⡣
顭
䡭
𡭡
һſڵڿлߣ׼һ޵ĸţǵڱըžЩްŴӿ׹䡣
Ҳݣûпɣ
ļٵģ
ҲУ
ǹǹƨӣ
ǳ꣡
һ
û뵽ʵǿǹҲǿ
顭
䡭
𡭡
һޱ
עΣϳ꣬δ޸ɵ
ǣ
Щ̶ڼ̵ڣŴӿеķ޷
еķһֻһֻٶȷǳ죬ֻһӵʱ䣬ʮһֻޱգҽŴӿе䡣
ʲôƷһֻǾżķҲ걬գΪչǾżķޣ䣬ڵڱըǿǾżķҲסڱըҽŴӿе
ಡ
һֻ޷˽ϵĳ꣬ų긩
꣬Σգ߳ųߺͬʱܼǹڳֻ޿ǿŷ޸µĳ꣬ͿֻܽޱգȻϻһЩǶȡ
顭
ڿһâһڵڿлһߣ˷޵ĸš
䡭
Ǹޱˣŵȥ
⡭е߶ɵˣ
顭
۶ֻʱ䣬ֻ޴ӿ׹䡣
𡭡
һŭֻųһƷų긩
顭
ʣֻ޻ûи嵽ǰͷ׷ױգӿе䡣
𡭡
ʱķ޷˳꣬ʮֻ޴Ӹ߿ų긩ȥ
顭
ܼĺٵؿ۶
䡭
Ѫɣʮֻͬûü嵽ǰͷ׷ױգӿе䡣
𡭡
ŭˣûһ˴вֻŽݶĳ긩
顭
ͬݶ˫ֶŸٵؿ۶ŰһֻֻޱգŴӿе䣬ķ޴ӽֻѸٵؼٵʮֻʮֻȴ˻˳ǰ


656 
꣡ϵ߳˫Ŀʮֻš
䡭
ʮֻ޵û˳꣬ǿצӽȫ顣
ȿȿȡ
ʮ߲ҵĿţĴǷĻҳضԡ
ݣ̫ˣֹס˿ԣŭһȻתͷ˵ڵңȥ
ǣ磡
ʱҲ֪Լȫһ׸˵Ԫռڵڵ䶼ȡ˳һӽǶ
ߣ
磬Сģ¥ȥ
꽫ٴͷ˳ȥȻ˫¥һߣξʹӴ˳ȥ˿С
顭
һܼĺݶϿʮֻ޾ͱ걬գŵ׹䡣
䡭
ֻ޵ݶϣһ㡣
ಡ
ٴηɻݶ
𡭡
ֻ޳ųغС
顭
ûеȵֻޱͣڵͷɽȻıըУ޵ͷ­ը÷顣
顭
ֿʼſеķһֻֻ޴ӿе䡭
Ȼٴų긩һŶ¥壬¥ڶȥ¥ٴα޺һ㣬ȻٴδӴ֡
һСʱʮ˲Ľر޺㽨ɼЩ޶Գߺ޵ʲô̶ȡȴҲ˽ǧֻ޵
޺սûйʧʱĳ͵͵ܵһݶʼԿеķ޽һɱ
޵ԶϵޣҲֻҡƽҵķ޾ܹͷʹǾڸոչȥһСʱȴһشǧ
ִڼ
һԸ񱩵ҶвʮֵУʱеķ޶˳꣬о˳ǵв
Щŭˣŭķ̷˶˵ĹĿ;ۼڳϡ
һֻֻڿͬһ޴УȻһһӵشӲͬų긩
ϣЩڵһߵںⲫЩڵڶֳߴʱſС
ʱѾûΣգϵޱһߵ߶סеķ޶ѾǣĵضԸꡣƺ˾ˣ˹ڣڹۿһ˱ݡ
顭
ڳϿտٵصһޣÿһӸķʣ¼ֻǳͷųľ羫׼жϳǵٶȣǻδ˵ԼĸǰͶ¥壬ȥ
ǲʮĽϵرŭײһݣֱʱ򣬷ִӿе˽ǧֻ
ʧˣȥˣ
ŷɽڵص궴һ߲㽨Ǳȥ
𡭡
еķҲӰŭһһεײѾĽܿͰΪƽء
ʧ޷ŭȴĽָӲڵĸ߸ǽ
˰ɣ
ᣡһţ
ָӲĸͨǲϵųټϵҲ档
顭
һݶֻްŵ
꣡
û
ǣ
ĸָӲڵ߻Ȼվ𣬼رһ
꣬䣡
ϵЩ߼ػЩڵһߵĸ߽Ҳһ󼤶Ȼûʱ;ȥע꣬ȴ֪޴˴
ΪЩ޲ЩߣͬʱҲڵһߵЩ߽ߡЩ߽ʮֱк߲ܶǱЩֱɱǱЩ޵ĸ£ϵЩɱ
޶ǵвܴȻϵǷ޵򱶣Ƿ޴ǵвȴԲȵϵС
˺ܶ࣬ûзǣȻûʱȥעȴҲ֪Ǹһĳ꣬ƾһ֮еĿз޶ˡ
ղŵϵһƬžǵҲΪио˿з޿ʼǡΪжźеʹġ
ǡ
׼һӭӷ޵ĿгʱȴȻʮߵ꣬䣡
ţĸоʧˣ˿з޵ŭ𣬺;޴ĳĻƿյ
ֳ֪ˣֽ޵עˡ
һ֮ޣ׳ټЩ߽ߣܹҲܹ
ʱ䣬Ե˵ƶס߷˷طˡ
ʮںǼս߳տһ۽ϵĳ꣬һСӣһ
ϵ΢⽥ʧձúڰֺڰǶߣǶ޶⣬˫ܹ׼׽ԷӰսҲڼ
˫ѾЩ飬Ȼûм㣬ȴҲԼԼѾ˴Լһֻҵķޡ
еķڲ˿־壬ǲٹ꣬Ƿɵúܸߣ˳̷Χɲĵڿʱ׼ų긩
ҲЩͷۣûԴ󵽷ɵȥ׷ЩޡڿбЩްΧӶûеطӡ
ಡ
һӰ˳ԣһ뵽ľгͷֱǸָӲԼ˵ߣǼż۷ߡ
꣬ûа취ϳһ䵽ߣͽüͷŸ߿ںǸǼķ


657 ͦס
΢΢۾Ÿ߿мһһֳΪ֮ɫһһƣڵڵ»ûеǵĸǰͱñըˡ
ǰ˫ͷ
߽üͷ˫ͷ֪ʲôȻͻǼʱһͻƵǼһ۷塣ֻǼһڣ̫Ѿ·磬ٵòܲɱ⡣һܣǵ֮С
꿴Χ޷ӿĳ棬вһݣʧ³ûжܹԼļҲʮ֮һ
ǡôܹϳأ
ǰǶǼ۷֣ܹȥæ𣿡
ҡҡͷǻҪԸǼޣοȥҲﲻæǼͷŵܣǼ۷Ҳܲס
΢΢üͷʮǼȥҲûã
߰˳һ۵ܵûأһųǱ߷ȥ̻кͬȼء
ǰﲻæܹʲôæЦ
ǹð
ûãҡͷֻ˫ͷײܣӵûдﵽͱѹը
أ
ڣ
ôܣǴɱ˫ͷֲһɵ
ǻʲô
Ǹôָһڡ
꿴һǸڣǵǸڵƺֵܹ˫ͷǿɲǸڰĴڰóȥıڵй켣
˵ܲܰõܹ쵽Ҳܹô̫ˣ
ǰܹڵ˫ͷϣ𣿡
ߴһӣô죿
֪ʵҡͷ
ͲܹǸڱգ
ֱӷһۣôܣ
ǡȥһԣܹһֻ˫ͷҲá
ǡ԰ɣ
ҲΣץ׳ӦСǳ϶ڵ
˴¥ŵŻطȥеЩ޶ų꣬ڿȴҸ
Ǹڸǰľ˲ɨȥ˽ǸڵĹ졣߽ǰָߣֱװڵȻ۰Ͱ͵ųꡣ
ߵ˴ڵĸǰ˲͸˿ںͷս˫ͷ˫ּٵҡţ׼ſе˫ͷ
䡭
з˫ͷӲһź󷽷ȥ
ڣ
䡭
һڵ˳ȥ˫ͷȥе˫ͷŭһ޴βڿһӰݺݵسǿڵ֮ϡ
䡭
ڵķ飬ͬʱҲ˱ըȴǶֻ˫ͷΪ˿˺
𡭡еЩ޼꾹Ȼҳǵ̲ų긩
̷ڣ˸ڣһؿ۶һŸķȥ
顭
һֻһֻ޴ӿеϸķ޾ҲԽԽˡ
ಡ
˷УǸҲ˽
䡭
ķһһĹŷ¡ụ̂¥޸ײˣӲû˿⡣
ߣߴųŷ߹հ˹յǰȥһ߸ںһߺǰΪʲô÷Щޣ
ʱ򣡡
ʲôʱǵʱ򣿡
ȵЩЩƣʱ򣬷ûɱֻеƣʱ򣬷Ӧ½ʱ򣬲пܸǱա
ǰæǸﲻϣֻȽЩޣȻٽǼޣܹǰǵȥæҲֻЩ۷߲ܹæ
߶ס˽Ųӷµһͷ̽ԴҲһ̽ԴЩһһ·壬޴צӲͣغڳոӽȥǸµڡ
۾˳ɫһʼ·ˣ
꽫Ŀ˹ȥȻѾ־֮ķ־ڷ
ǰܹٵˡȵ޸оƣʱ򣬿³Ѿֲ֧סˣüͷǵ˵
ߵĿ˸һҧãɡ꣬ҪЩ޸Һݺݵش
û⣡̽ͷţҸ߲㽨
ã߰Ȼ˵һǾʹȥֻ㡣
ɫһ㶣뵽ԷһǼż۷屣ԼӦûɣǱɴصͷã
Сӣģ
һĳļȻȡһֻ֮󣬳ֻںо
Ȼֻһݾͳ˷¡˷£ʱѴ󴸡һѴ󴸣еΡ
꣬Ǵ󴸰
ÿ󴸵Ĵͷаôߵֳ˿񱩵ƣͷҲصغȵ꣬оӮûᡣ
Ҳӵ˸Ŀ۶
顭
һֻֻϥķ޴ӿеڵǵںȻը
ɵĺã߸ȵСӣǹû˵
𡭡
Щٴη˳ӰѾǿŭˡЩڳϽǳ˴ʱǵֻһͷɱꡣһţתŷųٵظ


658 ͻ
顭
ͣɣ㲻ֻٵؿ۶аͷӣҪסҿǰϡ
һֻ޴ž޴ѹѾɵ˳ߵǰߵȻдһ
䡭
ߵĴһǸ޵ͷϣǸ޵ͷ­Ȼѣ޴嶼߸˳ȥ
а۽һ£һڷһǾż۷ֱԼԼڿרĵرˡ
顭
ٵؿ۶ͻȻһ˿ϲɫڻ谵гһܼܷЩްΧ˹ȥʱЩ޶ڳϣȴǽĸű¶һܼܷ
ಡ
꿴һſŵӷ·˳ٵŷ޼ȥ
䡭
ڳЩڵȫ˷޵ĸţҵıըЩ޵ĺӶը÷飬һŵ
ǧֻܷһֹɱ˽ǧޣеķֻʣǧֻ
𡭡
޷Щ񱩵ЩȥηЩЩĵЩ޵ϣǱЩ޳ɣҲû˵һֵս
ЩԱļҲΪտһ߶ŷ޵Ĺһ߳׼Żᷢ䵼ȻûеһĻԻսҲʱشޡ
ͬǣ񱩵ķҲʱؽӿгڰбը
顭
겻Щרעؿ۶ŰһֻһֻطӦӿе䡣

һֻ޴Ҳѹӿиų긩
顭
ؿ۶ŰûȥֻԼķޣԼķ޶Ǹ߽
ȻоԼӱץס㱻Ǹ˷¡
䡭
޴ײڷϣóûվȣһƨ˵ϡ
ʲô飿Եߡ
ޣһڵһֻǾż۷ޡ
ҲǾż۷尡ʲô
Сӣ֮˵㡣
䡭ֻǾż۷ķڷⱩҵعš
ߣ
ִųڵ·ͨ߹հ˹յؿţԼӺһ˳ľ׽ֻڷڴ񱩹ľż۷ޡ
顭
۶˾ŴΰſڵХֻż۷޵ĸš
䡭
ıƽֻż۷ƷƨɱȪѪҺɣֻż۷ȴûҵ֮ڷ
ಡ
ܷһŵôʱܵľż۷ػͷŵĸš
䡭
⵼ɱȳиڵڵֻ̫࣬ẕ̇ըƬ
ಡ
ӷ˳ſеķ޿ٵؿ۶Ű
顭
䡭
еķ޿ʼгɱ֣ǧ޵ڼصļ١
һСʱֻʣ²ǧֻ޿ʼˣ־Ҳȥˡ
ֱӽӵ˵ϣֻ۰ѾľòԼģ̇ͷſȥǧܷѾֻʣ˲һǧܡ
ųƣѼ̬ĳļϢһ£Ϸˡ
ಡߵŵһ߳ɱ˹ȥ
̧ͷһ۷üͷšһšʱķѾ߷ַֻֽ
ųص߽˷£һƬ֮Ļ꣬ͬʱһƿǳ֮ҺȻʼתǳָԼ塣
Сʱ󣬳ȵվоԼͻһֻһ㴰ֽ
ƴѣ
ȡƷսӷ˳ŵһ߷˹ȥ
ȥˣ
Щֳĵͽ߿˳ӰһʱѾû˷ޣЩͽߴ󲿷ֳֶսٵشǵͷϷɹһѪ
ɱ
ų尡
ʱ䣬죬ɱ˹ȥ
ƣһս߾٣ͬһ߷塣
䡭
һֻޱһն룬ĵâǰչֻޣŷâ
顭
̤ǰһâ֣ʮʽɽһһʽӲһѪ·
ʮʽɽܶʼسѾǰޣս񶼳ɽ֮С
սϵɱȫͬóɽ򲻶ϵؼͻСɾơ
䡭
һ·նɱ˹ȥѾ˴󲿶ӣɱȺ֮С
꣬
ܶ߶˳ɱ޵ĳ棬жԳʮ־塣ʱ겻ܲ˵ɱȺһɴ󾪣ųıӰһߺţһ߼ǰƽҪ׷ϳꡣ
ǴʱĳѾȫɽĵ֮Уûĺֻƾűһֱǰɱȥֻǲʮӵʱ䣬ӰȻʧȺС
Щ߲֪ǻֻӿͷųȥﶼñ
ɱ
߷ؿʼˣʧȥ˷޵вЩߵ׵ر˳
һвֻ֪һһʮʽɽ񣬵ɽ


659 һ·ͻ
أ͵ںϵһ˵һ
͵ɽɽ͵
ÿһն·һɽ׹䣬ض͡
ˡ
ĵһ𶯣꾹Ȼսеͻˣ
ɽС֮γɵĵ⽫ںبһıϽ飬һжڳδ֪£ȫ˳ĵ˳ƶơ
ĵһ䣬Ԫųڷӿڵǿǳת
겻֪ǣʱĵ﷢˲ͬı仯ͻƣ಻ǵ䣬ǿӵ
βЩΧǿӴʱһȦƣһȦΧмǿǳתţԪȻٵתǳ֮뵽мǿǳ֮С
ĵ֮ԭΧǿǳҲƵƣЩȴԪЩԪ뵽֮УȻͨתǳ֮뵽мǳ֮ڡ
òͬһȦƲٱصԪӿؿʼɣЩԪȻѸٵתǳ֮
Ϊǿ󣬲ųΧԪЩɱ޾Ѫɡʱض޵ľѪضȾ˺ɫЩѪųĽȻ뵽˳ڡ
ЩѪ֮ڵľԪ֮µľÿһζҪȶҪԪ
սϵѪҺʼųĽĵɴǳ֮ӿǿ貵ǳʹ䲻ϵ
һг궼ֻ֪ǸоԼʹÿһ˱
ǰһ룬سоԼ忪ʼͣƺҪűԼ塣
ʮʽɽӵرң޲һԼڵԪкһաʹĸоȴԽԽҡ
𡭡
һֱһޣһնϡ
𡭡
бһǶޣͬһնϡͬһնϡ
䡭
һֻļӲƴһεһǸҲһһ˲䣬ֻ˹걾ܵǱɨһƥա
ۡ
ֻļ޵嶼׷ѡ
𡭡
ֻΧ˹лֻ弶ޡ
顭
걾ܵͷǱɽ쵶âޱһϣҲֻ弶ޱƵòϵصˡ
ʵ弶ҲʮƣܹоСӺҲӣֻͻȻطļģ
һܹļǲܹһɱſɱ֮½Է˺ѡ
ΪԷ弶ޣڵԪἱġҪȫģֻĵ㣬Ҳ֧Ųסɱ
ǡ
ⶼˣСôǸûһ˿Ԫһ
ʱûһԪоڵԪڼ͡ʱ꣬ѾһȦһʱᱬըĸоѾʼѪҺϵļⶼʼŤ˫Ŀ죬͸һַ
顭
ڴһ˵ȻһͻƵǶһڼǶڣǶڣǶڣǶ۷塣
ˡ
ʶ˲Σľһ壬ӷ˹һѹʶԼ״ܲáԼͬһڲͣۿžҪը
תǳ֮ǰܵתǳʶתǳڵ̼תŨ޾Ѫ֮Ѹٵرתǳ֮ǿ貵ǳҲӿǳ֮ٶȡ
һתǳڵǿǳǳ֮ٶȻӿ죬͵ȥһȦǺܿµľѪ֮ӷųӿȥóֿʼ
ʹͿ־ﵽ˼㣬ؿʼʹɽǱڵԪƹƹҵغ弶ӲƴǱײ˳ȥҲһն
ȻԳĿǰʵܹ弶նɱȴҲ˺ַľͷ޶־

зźţΪʲôŨԪԴԴϵӿڣֻ֪ٲЩԪĳȥˡ
ǡ
βܹһԪĳȥ
ͨһ
ͨǳйԪĹܹͨһ죬Ҳζͨһ֮£ҪڶԷ¾ŵβԪ
һ͵ھŻ
䡭
һαɣڿгսθոһأʧټ
һһʧ
һһ֣
䡭
һȭһֻ弶޵ϣ漴һʧһγ֡
ʱĳѾ˲ȥնɱˣֻžؽڵԪĸɾӰȺжһ£һ£ÿһγ֣Ҫһͨ
顭
Χ޵ڲͣһֻֻ޷׷׵£ֻ弶Ҳ⣬ֻûֻǵڵϰš
ڵԪѸٵģսϵ޾Ѫ̫ˣֻǻͣȴɼ
񱩵ϵڳڳڵıϣƵڲϵ졭

ͻȻŭ
顭
ڵı飬ʵѸ͵ͻǶıϣͻƵһһ·


660 Ҷ
ٶ̫ˣѾоԼܵص˺𡣵ʱƲˣǷӵԪͲĿƣΪͬʱݻ塣
ǳСӣ
Ǹóôں˫ͷߴʱȺмһ۷弤ţȴǧ޺˳ĺ
ôˣôܵȺˣʹ࣬ʲô
߲ɻͷȥȴһȻɵ˿УȻǸڿвסطȻȻ顭
顭
ϵ޴ӵ汻ÿһɵ޶һβ̵ľ롣
䡭
ߺ޶Ժһһְһͽ飬ٴλͷȥ㿴һӰ
һһʧ
һһ֣
Ȼһޱɵգ޵ڴ졣
顭
޵ڿзһ죬Ȼ顣
ʲô
𡭡
ֻż۷ٴγ˻˹ȥֻջĿٴκֻż۷սһ
Ȼ
һӰֻż۷޵࣬һȭֻ޵߹ǳȻӰʧˣգֳ֮ǰ
ʱĳȻѵģȫȴǶתǳϣûע⵽ԼԵʲôλޣҲ֪ûˣֻ֪ǰɱȻһȭﵽޣ򲻵ޡ
Գûпߣֻ˳ִһֻż۷ޣǰֱس˹ȥ
顭
ֻż۷޵ڴ˺һһ죬һֻż۷޵ϾȻѪôŹ
һ𾪳ʵ͹һдϲе˫ڿģĲӰѸ͵Ŷ޺ȥ
һ·ɱֿʼģơ
ˡ
ʶγһ޴Уתţһó˹д󾪣Լʧ˹ȥ֪᲻õ
̹ͨ磬ڵĴӿʶʱѾûоȥЩֻǱܵպͷš
֪ʲôʱڴȺȻͷβ͸Ⱥû޾Ѫǳʼղ޵ľѪ֮ʹпʼ𽥼
ʹɴڣ˼֮ͨ󣬲֪ԼȺ˽Ѿڴзɱ
֪ȥ˶ãͨһһ£˺ˮ֮С
ĺˮڵѪҺоδйʱڵʹѾʧ߰˰ˣԱ۾ſ֫沨
䡭
ʶдһ˹ȥ
ǡ
սڼѾȫķ֮Уڼֻ֣֪ҪԼһܣͻͿ̿
ǡֵס
һɥ
Ȼ䣬һӰϿգ˫ͷ˻˹ȥһâ˫ͷͷ­Ӳ룬ŵ䡣
ۡ
ѪͬȪһ˲ԶķһæĨһϵѪһϵɫɴϲ
Ҷ֣
ٴ¶΢⡣
顭
һӰӺˮг˳һˮ˰ߣһֱˮƯĳꡣʱѾ֪޳ˣΪȺ˻޳˵ʱ򣬳ںӵףǧ޴ӺӵڶֱȺʧ˺ܾãŴӺˮԾ˳
ڵϴһ򣬳ɫЩ԰ףʱʶڴҵʹ֪ΪʲôжʶͨһΣϥڵϡ
̾͸оԼľ˱仯Ȼڲ֪ͻƵ˼Ʒڣǿ൱߼ʵֻͷʹʮ֪ԼԵʱڵĴԶԶϵӿʶĺԼʹˣǲ֪ʲô
ʶûʲôˣֻҪԼһʱڲþʧʹ
ڲܹþоԼ״⣬һ¡ǳǿؿʼþԼ壬һ飬ϲֳ˼ȵľϲ
ԼΪˣȻĪļ۷壬ԾԵ겻ԭĥһˣǻ¡ֻΪʵĿ⵽صƻ
Ĳ˵⾭Ҳ˵ʮأ˺ܶ࣬Ͳˡ
ջ˾ȡһƬ֮Ļ̷ȥȻʼתǳ޸Լ塣
ǵΣˣһ˷һ޵ʬѰţҳҲɳ߿ʼѰꡣ
Ϊֻ˫ͷ߾ǳųģǰ˴еҶˣųǳһͨصˣǰ
ʵ˴嶼ֻҶҵһˡһ˵Ⱥ˵ҶˣǷͼˣɳѰꡣ
һȥˣȥˣȥˣ
ʱ䣬ѶҶ˶ʧȥġ޳֮Уһϼ߿Ѿȳ˰ɣ
ֻ˲ųѾˣһǳˣҲԸţԵѰҳ֮ڼѰꡣ
һ˾Ǹóôں˫ͷߣǿ˳ͺص似ųѾˡ
û˵һֱĬһȭûгͬ£˵ֻÿ춼վڳǽϣԶȥȴųĻع顣
Ҷڵˣڰ칫ڰ̾


661 ɽ
ǡ
ڵ죬ˡʱĳѾȫ޸壬ʵȶļ۷塣ľҲȶڼƷڡֻǾʮֱҪʱ򻹲ܹʹãʶһһʹԵֻǿٵþɨһ֮󣬾Ҳûʹù
һֳľ̳˷Ը˼䣬¾̷ͷȥһȥ򷽳㱨һȥһ
Ȼ϶ûȻҪİΣĴѰҳ꣬ڱ˾ɳġ
ȥδӳǽϷȥųȥ
꣡˳ǰڻˣ
´ų꣬ʱĳѾںˮϴ裬һ·¼һ˺ֻۣɫΪԭЩ԰ס
顭ڳؿڴһ£СӣҾ֪ˣ
޳ˣ
ţˣ³һҶ˽ֻ˫ͷУǾˡ
Ҷң˴Ҷң
Цеؿų꣺ǳġ
ģ겻
Ǳ߱˵˳ųȥһ߷ɣһ߽˵һߣ֮󣬵ûʲôӦΪѾڣֻڲҪǳ°벿
һ֪û˿֮ɫ̾ȻСǷǳˡ
ˣͻȻڿжסΣֳ֮ɫأ
ȥˣɫһ䣬æ㲻õģһֱڱ£Ѿȥл
ɫһʩлл
лЦһɣӦõȵļˡ
漱ˣһûһˣﻹڰ칫ڵȣһݾʹĴڷ˳ųķȥԳûеͼԶԶط˹
꣬СӻţϷ̫ˣ
ڳǶ죬ָһЩ壬ҶҵԸꡣԥؾܾˣԼھ֮ǰҪѡһ
ȻǿҶͨ˵绰˼ҶҡҶҲû˵ʲôÿܹͨص߶һŽģֻҪЩ֪ҶҷˣھʱҲһЩ
֮󣬳뿪ˡڳ뿪ʱ򣬷͸˳һǧƷʯγܹסҲ˴ǳĳֲܹмȫ߷޵ĻᡣЩ޵ʬ㹻Ƿʴš
ڳʮûע⵽ʵ֮ΪǹѾǵΪǹ񡣲ǹԼٶд½򴫲š
꽫һж˦󣬴ʱڷɻɽɽȥ
ڿɽɽһС˷ɻȻһɳɽɽȥ˾Ѿֻѳ͵ɽɽΧֻһ˾ȥðա
һ
վɽɽ⣬̧ͷŸƵɽǵıڷɳ
߰ɣ
ȡսʱֵ׼ɽȥнŴ󽣽˺档
һ߽ɽɽ޴ɽƣͬһİԵضԵ
ɽͬһһĵųնó˲ͣסӣ亹͸һһȴɽĵһʽ
ڳһûɽҲûǷȻҲɽѹˣȴûиоʵʻѹ
ܲôˣôͻȻƵնģ
磡磡
ų󺰣Ǵʱĳﻹܹ಻ɽƶڳѹ̫ˣ·һƬܼĵϵն
ɽԽоѹԽɽеһɽͬһѰѰԵ䣬Զɽͬһʽĵų꣬ó꾹Ȼ粽ܹƶ
磡
Ҫǰȥ꣬ȴĵ˳ȥڿлһߣ˹ȥ⻹ΪǴӺȥ꣬ų꣬ᱻһնɷ顣
һһͣնʮʽɽͷβʹһ飬֮ٴͷʼɽóڵֵ֮нһ˿
ԼɽҲֻǸոյСɾ磬ЦԼ֮ǰΪԼﵽС۷壬˳Լȫɽ֮УһһͶɽ࿹ţӶԿɽС
ʱҪ󲻸ߣֻҪܹԼһ
˹վԭزͣһһãȻԶĴɽȥҲûʲôѽΪʲôźôѹһ㣿
ѵԣ
ڵ̳Ŀ˵Ե˻һڷҡҷ⾳ûԵ˿ľһݡ
ɫһ㶣ѵɽ֮⾳֮У
Ȼ䣬۾һһֱûȥĽڶˣ˼ѵһ
䡭
ĵƱøӰҡ
죡
ʱ䣬̤һɽͷȻ̱ڵϣڴŴڵԪһա
磡
괭ŴûȥȥŪԵġ
ã
뿪ǵʱڴԪռڱ˺ܶζĽλߵ⣬̿һЩ֦ȡ⣬ʼΪտ
ȡһƬ֮ĻһƿָҩʳȥǿϥãʼָԪ


662 ̫ƽ
𡭡
Χ޵ĺղڳʱɽЩ޸е־壬رɽɽΧЩ޵ĽλߣֻжڳѨﲻҳ
һֹͣЩ޲ŸҳᵽɽζһųųС
ûдǣֻǱĿָԪЩ޼ûжԽԽ󣬿ʼų
ɫӵվнųŲƶ䣬Ѿվ˳ǰ
ԼСʱңʼЩѾɽ֮£ɽ֮ϵţѾоϵϢǿһſ˵ӣɽɱ
ľͷ˳ȥһżաЩ޵ĵȼͷǿǺʵ࣬һд󲿷ֵʵǳҲһĻᡣ
ܿ죬ֻ޳ɽ壬ֻ޶ǳ༶ޡֻ˹һֻų˹ȥ
顭
Ծǰǻֻޣһվ˵ֻ޵ǰһֻ롣
𡭡
ִֻɽֻޣеһֻ޻ǳȼЩҲףҪԵ꣬ȰɵЩ޷׷˻˹ȥʱ䣬ɽϼ
顭
ػɱţȴԽԽֻ࣬ǲӵʱ䣬ѾʮֻΧϵ·Ѿ飬ѪѾˣ֧Ųס
۾ӵվȡս֣ɽӿ˺أ˰Ե
𡭡
ƸոɢЩ޾ͷҲصɽȥʱӵӰ١겢û׷ɱǣȼ޲ֵ׷ɱžüɽ
ݵų꣬оɢĵƣһְݷڵصĸо
귭ֽսߵĸǰһ߸˿һΪղź޼еĴ֮
ųΪ˿ڣųеĽ̵Լ᲻
˿ڣҲΪϣȥһ̫ƽǰɣ
硭
ڰֵ˵꣬ʱԽԽˣҪֺµʱȥ̫ƽеľƵ궼ȥ̫ƽǶһ䡣
ǡðɣɥ˵
ȡ˵ԣȻתһǧƷʯȻɽ֮ȥ
ܿ죬ʹӿ£ֶҪڷŻȥڿʧıӰһɽȥڸղǸɽ
ȡսԶɽг˼㣺ɣҸѹɣ
ʮʱת˲ѾԽʮ˸ɽ壬ǾǸƵɽ廹ңԶľ롣
顭
һնƷսȻȻ顣ֻʣ˵˳С

곤³һû뵽ɽͻƵгɾһ̣ȻһͱԼеıС
Ʒս
᲻ѵõʱ̫ˣ
꽫ڵǰԼƷɽȡ˳ʮʽеĵһʽȻ
顭
սɱƬǰȥԵĵƺȻǰ۶ϡ
ȱһѳֵı
һƿҩϥڵϣʼָĵԪ
ʮʱ䣬ʵû˿ĳļ۷ľ糹ȹʶҲָˣ˿ʹ֮С
һСʱ󣬳ָ۷״̬
뵽Դͻ֮ûн뵽ڿһƾ뵽硣һлӣ͸磬оһоڵĴ˺ܶࡣ
ʣºܶ࣬ӿʼʼڣȴֻĵ֮һľһ˷ܣԼдľͬʱҲԾڵŵܹɱ˶ˣȻŨľ
ջ˾ǰһ̫ƽǣʼѾԶˡ
һ
̫ƽǡ
߳˻Ŵ绰ļҾƵ꣬
磡磡
ѭȥڲԶȺ߼˹ȥ
ô֪ҳɻûи㰡
ֳ˿ɬ߷ߵ磬ȥǱ˵
ţɫоˡ´һĿһоĸ첲⣬һɨбֳŭɫ
ԭĸ첲ϹʱȻ߰˰ˣǻûȬ
˭ɵģʵ
磬˵ʲôʲô˭ɵģɫЩȻ
ĸ첲˵
ҡ
˵
磡ֳ˱ߺŭҵմ̫ƽǣǸʱ̫ƽǵ߻Ǻܶ࣬ұ̫ƽһҾ¥̫ƽ¥һ
ʱĹȥ̫ƽڵľƵ꽥ʼˣӿ̫ƽǡڵʮ죬˴֮һ˾ͽ̫ƽǣΪ˴֮һ˾ͽȻֱ̫ƽƵ
ʱ̫ƽƵѾˣЩ˾ֱҵķ䣬ҰѷøǣȻǲϡǾͰ˳ȥһ˵һССĳȼҲס
ֳ˻ȥΪ׼ķ䣬ǵͨصĳꡣǸֱ֣Ӵҵĸ첲Ц˵ͨصеǣ˾ͽҸͲʲôȻְ˳ȥ
ˮôֱķ䣬ѵ̫ƽǲ¶ô


663 
ƽʱǲģھʱȴôù۲Ĵţ˴еиΪʶһ츳ٺãСĴźͰ˴ҲġԴʱ̫ƽÿƵ꣬۴СסƵ˵ϹڴڣҪס꣬ɾƾ¡
˵ӵؿһ۳磬ҵӦ֣ͨеЩ߶ڵ㵽̫ƽǣжȥôã̫ƽѾҥԣ˵硭硭
˵
˵һС˾ͽ壡
Ǻǡ
磬ҲǰѴűû֪ǸסŴ磬Ҳš
ţҲţߣȥ̫ƽƵ꣡
硭
죡Ҽס˭ǣǾʹȥϽȥ⳵
ǣ磡
ŷɳ̫ƽƵȥڷɳϣȡ˵ԣһ棬Ƿ͸ĹаμӾϸϡ
˾ͽң
꿪ʼѰ˾ͽҲμӾϡ
ܹˣ˾ͽʣʮ꣬Ƕ۷壬ڶͨء˾ͽһһ֡ȭ֣˫ÿѴǧٽ
ִҴɨһʣµĸ˾ͽߣر˵ԣʣµĸ˲ֵùע˾ͽʰʵҲֵùעǳ˴壬ӦЩͬɣ
˫֣ʧ
ɳ̫ͣƽ¥Ĵǰ˳
Χų˹һԵ
ˣ
ǸһСӾǳɣ
ЩӺСȥˣ˵һֱһطչءղŵ
иƨã꼮ǰ˴е˾ͽң
ܹù˾ͽΣ˾ͽһܹǵģ
Ҳܹô˵ܹĴţ˴Ҳõۿţûа취
ɣͳǸʵܹĴţٷϹؼųֻһϼߡĴŻһϼߣ
ֻһϼʲôÿģ˾ͽһƾܹǲ֪ôģʵʵʵŵˣ𣿡
쿴ȥˣȥˣ
һȺ˶˾ƵĴãų˵ݡ
ȥˣ
Сӷ𣿡
׼ȥ˾ͽɣ
˵Ӷ⣬˭˵׼

ǸĽ̫ƽƵˣʱĴźͰ˴ĳ϶ڸԵķʵ˾ͽҵĳҲ⡣
ʵ˱ڵһźͼ֮⣬ڵڶźͼҲ̫ƽза˴ĵҪμӾͲܹסڼ̫ƽڵķУҪȥһ
ǣȥˣ
е˼֪˾ͽ棬һССϼҽȥӲСҺúüţҵҪС棡
ĴźͰ˴̽Ӷ̫ƽƵעŴ¡
һδ򿪣˳12008ȥ¥һٶʮ㣬ڶ㡣
ȥţ˵֪ȥţֻҪԼ֣˾ͽʲܲ
Ȼһţ˳ҪطĻ֮󣬷źܿʹˣһûпվǰǽĿԽļ򣬰˳ꡣ
һòϾʾڳԺС
˾ͽһڡ
ˮ
Ǹֳһ˿Ц˾ͽȥһԡ
ǳ
顭
Ļû˵꣬һž˳ȥ˾ͽû뵽ͻȻ֣Ӿײ˷ڡһƮͳ˷֮ڡ
ĸˣۿ˾ͽǵͷϷ˹ȥݺݵײǽϣûеǽĿȻش˾ͽתţһӰͻأس˾ͽĸǰ
ʱ˾ͽǽϻоұһʹǲԭǳһȭұϣұۻ顣

˾ͽһ߿ĲҽУĿԹؿų꣬ǳ֮ǰһѾߵˣίڵϣ᲻˿
顭
ŵĸͬʱվһȻȵǳꣿ
ͲǸȥӭһȭ˹ȥǸߵֳһ˿ЦһֱȭųȭͷӲ˹ȥ
顭
Ǹߵӵ˳ȥֱӳ˷ţܺصײǽϣѪίڵϣұԹĽǶţһǶˡ

Ŵ򿪣һȺ˳ǰ״һĿɿڴ
ӷڴ˾ͽʵЦֻЦôôųǵĺ⣺ǺǺǡǰɣ㾹Ȼ
顭
һ˾ͽž˾ͽƺߣȻǡ顱˲ҽСȻƽһһǧƷʯҵ˲ܹװ򣡡

ǲ
ͷѵȻٴ𣺡ʯҲУҰÿ˵֫ϣˣ֫֫ôѾ첲ٰʣµ˫Ⱥ˫֮һ֫ȶϣͿʣһǧʯˡ
ң
ǲ
˾ͽҡ
ǲ
ʣ˫֮һ֫ˣȷҪʡһǧ򣿡
ڷ֮Щؽ˫һУֱоƨɹһһɺβ׵ͷͷƤڷ顣
ס֣˾ͽʵ𣺡ҪĥˣܹǧƷʯҸǡ
˾ͽҧгݵȷҪ


664 ڴʦ
ȷ𣺡˼ƺҪң
ôˣ˾ͽʲм˵
һӭ͸¶һ˿Ц⣺´ʱһҪٴһǧƷʯʱûôʯͱҴ֫
꣬⣬ֻǱ͵Ϯ
͵Ϯ국
ҵıʮ֮һûʹ˾ͽʰȻ˵͵̨֮ϱɱɣ
̨Цһָ̨ܹԵ˰ɣ
͡˾ͽͬЦһĵܹģģүһ̨Ͻ
һվȻ˾ͽһ𣺡˺ŸңҰʯת㡣
걨һ룬һֻ𡣳꿴һ۵ǿԹˣ
һ˾ͽӷ˳ˣһлһˣڵǸ˾ͽҵҲǿվ˾ͽ뿪
ڣͨÿֳ΢ЦǧƷʯһЩսˡиûгֵıУƷսһʹгɾɽͻᱬ顣
Ҳ֪ʯһѼƷսģ
ͷһʱǳȼΪҡҡͷЩˣúʵ̫ˣ
ɫǵͨ죬˵ʵҲֻŵͷͷ߳˷䡣ųıӰ촽˶ûи˵ʲôʰһ£㿪ʼ
ˣ
Ľ˾ͽҸ˳
˾ͽʿǶ
ô˾ͽʵĸ첲ˣһһ˵֫ˣ
Ͳ˾ͽұ
СӾʲôʵ϶ϼ
С鷳ˣ
ʲô鷳ģܹ˾ͽʣкܴϣĴţֻҪţͲʲô鷳
˵ĲǾ֮󣬶Ǿ֮ǰ
֮ǰ
밡һݸӾȻѰ˴˾ͽ徫ӢӴˣ˰˴ЩӵܵĶ⣬˴֮䲢ҲҪֽѵꡣ
˭ܹܳ꣬Һݺݵز˾ͽң⼸Ҫˡ
ľչЩ˵Ļһ̫ƽһȥһ˼š
˴ɣȱʯ
ٲ̫ƽһұ̣һڡ̷ֳǰ֣ǰĲǳֳƷĲ߿Լò̵ĽʦΪԼ
Լӵоʮͷ˳źȥһ޴ͥԺ߸һŹ䡣ʱͥԺŲ˷ֱһǰ
֪ȥţһҪ
ǣ
ҿȿĲ𣿡
ͷȡһͷֵݸǸơǸƽӹǸ֮۾һԾ̧ͷųǳͷֵ
ǣ
ֲȫڴʦΪƱС
ڴʦ
ƳԾųȻ֪ڴʦд½ıʦÿƱ˶ǳࡣڴʦɲ͸ƱģҪϵĲϲſ϶֣ٶʯûá㿴
˵ǸָָԶһǰÿҲмֳƷϵǰڴʦΪƱ⻹Ҫڴʦ顣
ǸƽͷֵĴ˳꣬ȻͥԺȥͷǸڴʦǰȥһ·Ϻܶ߶Ľų꣬ţһߵõƷϣʲôʱҲܹһƷϣڴʦΪҴһ
СΰɣƷϾܹ붯ڴʦڴʦ˼ƷϸͲҾڴʦӦΪǼ۸ҲҪǸ𡣡
оһ۸ܹ󣿲֪ԼϵЩʯǿɾͶˡⶪ˲Ҫ˵ڴʦΪԼǲٲԼˡ
ڴʦǰʱǰһС԰ڣһȻΣϻ͸¶һּȽֽɫ
Ⱥ򣡡
ͷһʯ¡Ǹת뿪Ŀһתû˺˵Ҳ
һСʱȥˣڳԵһ̲סˣų깰ֵλֵȡеģǴеģ
һϲͨҸʸף˵¶ЦݵеģֵȡлǴУ
ȡеģ˺˺ܾãһڱ˻ϻӣֵܣҺ˵Ҫڴʦп治סҪƷϣȻǼ۸֪ڴʦһѽ˶ʯ𣿡
٣Ŀǰĵ顣
ǸһָһƷʯ
˻͵һӰ˵ؼܹҲͲǧƷʯһƷʯ൱һƷʯ
Ǹһʹûȥעı飬˵⻹ֻڴʦͬƱͨƺ;ĵˡ
ʲô𣿡ʱһ˿ʯĻңȻˣҪŪף´Ͳû׼
ˣǸ߷һ۵ƷҲֵȼģڴʦֻӦƣҲһƷеµȣһеȰˡڴʦĴ죬ͻһƷеϵȡ˵󲻴󣿡


665 
ѵмƷϣڴʦרĴ죿Ȼ˵ڳ꿴Ʒ϶һʦ˵ҲһĻᡣ
УǸ߲м˵ƷڴʦĶˣǼƷеŵȲϣܹڴʦȤŵȲô׵õģԣҪΪڴʦ׼

һڴʦ벻ش죬ƷҲһЩ
ڴʦˣ
ȻˣǸɫЩõȻڴʦҵȴҵһȡС
ʲô𣿡
㻹ʲôǸ߿˳һ۵ʱԽ֤ڴʦԽģıƷҲԽáڴʦһʱ䣬ʱ䲻Ҳ̣治֪ڴʦΪҴһʲôƷʵı
֣һ˵ʲôǰĵȴɡһԵһ߼˵ضһûмˡ˵Ϊڴʦ׼ҿʯδشһģⲻǶǰ˴𣿡
֡ɫһ䣬¶֮ɫⲻв𣿶ˣڴʦ׼ʲô
һԲûзŭǺ¡ʱԼӦ뿪ˣλ׼ʲô֮뿪
׼һֻѩɽ
ɫһ̶¶Ľ֮ɫǺڴʦϲζѩɽζеһѰҵѩɽܹҵǻ˺ܴ󹦷򰡣
ǺǡǸֵЦ˵Ϊֻѩɽǻʱ䣬ڴѩɽԵôһָֻֻѩɽڴʦΪһѼƷˡ
Ҹˣ
аҪȴ֨ѽһĴŴˣһһѽһǹ˳ĿųһɨӾһвЦʱ뿪ͳ׽ڴʦˡ粻뿪뿪ƫƫȵڴʦ뿪ⲻǴ𣿡
ְֻѸոǷһƨȥʱԱߵλȴվһҲվڴʦȥ
ಡ
ڴʦһؽһǹһѽֱӸˣߺһæҵؽס˱УϸȥĿ˽ߣȻ˼֮ɫȴҲ¶ģ֪ǰѽƷӦûԡ
ʱλڴʦѾֱС԰ڳ˵ǰҲֻǵɨˡ
ʱһҪģû취˭˰λֵóֲϷʯϣڴʦʩڴʦѰ˲ϡ´ͼֽ
λڴʦĿɨһ£ֻ΢΢˵ͷλֵϾһϲִӴԪռڽһѩɽʬȡʯϵΪڴʦ׼
ڴʦ۾һֳһ˿ЦݵϷˡʮƷʯɣǰȡ
λɫϲæڴʦʩһлڴʦ
Ȼسųһλһ°͡ΨпЦһҶһ߼겻ȡֲϷϡʩڴʦ׼Ĳϣͼֽ
ڴʦɨһۣҲĬĬ˵ͷǸҲæӴԪռȡһֳвֵķݣڴʦһ˿ʧ˵ıϷҲˣһƷʯһȡ
һʯҲûиʡʱһ죬Ҳ˵ڴʦоǸߵɫһӱȻλֵɫȴǸΪ⣬Ŀ˳꣬Ŀ͸¶ţӣֵ㶪ˣ
ʱڴʦĿҲ˳ϣϱ¶֮ɫǴʱҲóϣó֮ΪԼʯֻǶˡվߣǾǳ׵ڴʦ껹ԺڴʦΪԼءԣֻӲͷƤѾʮͷֵȡ˳ʯϡڴʦʩڴʦ׼Ĳϡûͼֽ
͡λЦ
ڴʦûЦǵ˵Ҫʲô
ܹս𣿡Сʵ
ڴʦ΢΢üͷͷֵÿĳȲԾҪƴƣƳսƷߣҾƣҲǼƷµս˵ƳƷսԣսҾͲˡ
ŶЩʧֹ˵ڴʦƷɽأ
ڴʦؿһ۳ǾߣȻ´һ۳ϵϢŨ
ڴʦߡҲһţЩϲܹƳɳһЩɽҲá
ڴʦͷд½Ҳߺ;˫֮ˣֻĳһΪڴʦΪΪ޾΢˼һµЩǿÿƳɽܹƳһٰʮıɽһ׷ɽ۸񲻷ƣҪһǧƷʯ
굱ʱˣһǧƷʯǾʮƷʯһƷʯûУϱֳ֮ɫ
һԵһֻı飬аȻӣһǧƷʯҲûа
ڴʦҲ¶Ц⣬ǼֻǵؾúЦˣûͷˣһͦġ


666 
ڴʦϵ˿Ц⣬͸ˡҲһ˲ˣ˼ת䣬㽫ڣһƿӣȻڲƿװףԼʮģ
д½ôãд½ҲһЩ˽⡣ĩս֮д½ͬʧȥ˹ȻҲͬʧȥĩ֮ǰʳ֮ǰЩ棬ôҲԹˡд½ĩ֮ǰʳȻ͵ʳͬҲͬдʳ
д½ĴҪȵϵĴƷʺõ̫࣬Ϊд½ϵĻҪȵúܶ࣬ԪҪȵ߳ܶ࣬д½ϵĴںһ˿Ԫζѡ
ϵĴײд½ųĴײд½ΪĴ׶֮У̲صԪҪд½߳һЩζζ
ڴʦò˵ȷʵϵʯŴʦˡҲΪʦ׼ϣʦܹԭµ³ç
䣬ͽǸװŴ׵Ĵƿȡ˳ʯ֮ϡ
ƿһŵʯϣΧ˾Ͷˣ¶ľǲ֮ɫ
ڴʦһӾͰǸƿӱ˻ƿӵĸӴ򿪣ץһѴʹؾ׽˼£Ȼݺᡣ
ĬĬڴʦֱǳ⣬ڵҲֹһο
죬ڴʦеĴȥĿʮֺͰСӣûУٸôһƿӴףҾͲҪʯΪһ׷ɽ
̸оλĽʺ޵Ŀ˹Ȼܹ˵Լдףһ˶ὫĶһݣĶˡ˵Լдףᱻ˶ϣԵλ֡бİ۰ǣֿžڼΪٵװһƿۣȻǸضڴʦһЦԲڴʦЩһݣұ˺ܾöûóԣֻпվͱڻ￴ţһǰӡ
ڴʦһɵܹĸ顣
һһƿۣҲһ͸ʦ
䣬㽫һƿ۴ȡ˳ʯ֮ϡڴʦʱ־ˣеƿΡΡرƿۣƿǣץһ˿С
ľһɱҭ
ڴʦûбҭܡһӵʱ䣬ڴʦŴӻζƿȻų˵СӣϷˡķɽϷ㾫ƣ֮ðɣ
ǡûʯ˵
ڴʦЦҪʲôʯƿʳóȥĻҲܹĳһǧƷʯ
ɫһļٵģ
棡ʮ棡ڴʦĵشЦ
ûЦԭԼĶôֵǮԭԼž۱Ҫ
Ƶ˼ڴʦȥ˽Ų
λֵܣ
תͷһȴǽֺ֣ȻǲȥǸ֣ǳλֺЦ£
ǸλֵôƺֵǽҵĽ䡣
ֵҵΡǸҲæЦе˵
ǳ꣡
ꣿǳꣿĿųꡣһǲ֪Ѿ̫ƽǣѾ˾ͽʴ˳ȥ
̫ƽǣʵ
ǣ
ȥ̫ƽƵˣ
ţ
ΧųתһȦȻ°͵ģûˣѵ˾ͽʸȥˣ
ţ
˻һų˴Ĵָ˾ͽʿǲȻȥˣҽ佻ˡ
һҲЦеشյ˸ǰ
ֱӷһ۵֣Ҹʲֻһӡ
ƣȥˣһҲûգЦ˵˵˰ɣҸ˰ɣҪǲԭңСۣ
걻˵ÿЦã治һС۵ˡҲ֪ǰλͼʲôνЦЦ
֣ǰѸ첲ڳļϣʵǸ׺ۻ𣿡
Ц˵һ𣿡
УһУУֲ̧һ͵Ĺӵ
ûУϵҡͷ
ûУ
ûУ
ε񶼰θǰ̾һûˣźҶҪǴ׺۵ζˣ
һ±ӡ
û£˰תʹȥȴǰһҲѸ첲ڳļϵȻѾԭңҾΪѡߣȥ¥͡
ؿһΣĵҺûôɣ
һԵĽ俴ɫЦ֣㲻ף
ʲôȻʵ
ǵһļ͵ڶļԸСӺǸ˾ͽʸǲԸ˲֪˶ٴμܣʤٸࡣ˵˾ͽʸ˳ȥһˣҪԷ
ˣԭǵ˵ĵ˾ѡеҲųǰ˽֮ǰҲϲԸ䣬ûôСۡ
֣˾ͽʴûУ˷ܵضųꡣ
һ첲ǧƷʯ
Ҳݡγݵų꣬漴ɫһ԰ĸ첲ҲͰˣ˾ͽС˽⣬˲ãܸǧƷʶ
䣬ɵĿ˳꣬һԵĽҲ¶˻ɵɫ
국˵һˣҰÿ˴һ첲Ȼǣÿ˸һǧƷʯҴÿ˵֫


667 
֫ЩãȻ
ֳһ˿ЦݵˣǶģ
˲Ȼ򣬲ɽ˫һУĿòͬ
أȲʵ
տʼǲеһСӺҽкţұȶ֫ȥ֫ʱ˾ͽͬʯˡ
˻
ųĿѾȫͬӵܿͨ˵Ŀ⡣θһ֣һҪͣҸӣ
һûгֵı
ã㣡
˹شӺԺǰ棬껹ǲϰߣʵ̫ˣȴҲþܾ
ηֱǽҺҵľӢӣȻּһӢȴȱӡͬҲΪǼһӢȻȴڿ
ܹ˾ͽʣ֤˳ʵܹƵ˾ͽʽǧƷʯ֤˳ĺ˲˵һܹĴţӵм˴ʸġ˶ҪѳԼļ塣
һҲҪҲҪŵģҲͬšǿɲǳ꣬һ֪е֪ھĲпᡣҳΪͬţһʵǿֺ˽ΪͬˣŵĴҲùһЩ֮ǰζԳðǲβ֪ʵ˼ҲԽ˼һİ
ԣ˲űֳǰδе顣
ǰĵֱ̣սĹ̨Ȼüͷվ
ʯĻһȥѡһѼƷսΪֻмƷսܹܵסгɽĵơǼƷսʵ̫ˣ¾ǼƷеµսҲҪһǧƷʯǾʮƷʯ
ƷսҲҪһʮƷʯǾһǧƷʯͬ
ܹľֻƷսҲҪһǧƷʯƷսҲֻܹܵסСɽĵƣһʹгɵƣͻ顣Ȼڱһɲǻᱬ޾ܡ֮û˱
Ʒս»ûʹƣˣͷ
ѡƷսɣ
˾ģһӹƷսϾֻʣ˼ʯˡٶý۾ֱǸܼӣôƷս
в˭ࣿ
ǴҳʶҲ˵ʲô굶֮󣬾ųһҾ¥Ҫһż䣬кƲ˺
ͣȻԵù񫣬ЩԺ껹Ǿûĩ֮ǰĶóԣȻд½ϵĶȵĩ֮Ķóࡣ
ҲŹȥ꣬ǧ꣬Ҳϰʳĩ֮ǰʳɣ
֣ôսʲôһӣҵĽƺѸ̲סʵ
ʹģ
ϻֱӷһ۵ôս
ҵ̫һѵʹ˶á
ɫһ㶣̶ͷҲ˵Ҳûж롣η¾Ʊ֣μӾҪţǼ壿
ȻŰԼľġ
ηЦҾ֪ˡƾֵʵžû⡣Ȼû£
ţɫһ
ֱ⣡һԵĽֵĻȻ˵ȴʵ
Σвûм֮⣬ɫһ࣬˹ֵλָ̣
εɫҲ֣ҲӦ֪ĴźͰ˴ֻӽһѡߡ
ǣͷ
׶βֻ̨̨ĿˡҪս̵Ĳʵ

ζƱһ̨ҪʲôʱԵһ˾ǽһɽȥɱϼޣһ̭һߣҲҪ̭ߡ
΢΢һЩüͷɱһϼҲѰɣ
ǲѣҪٶȣɽ֮п˵㣬ӽ뵽ɽһ̣˾Ϳʼˡߴﵽ˵ʱ򣬿˾ͽˣɱ޵ķʽޣԵһɱޣҲɱޣɱᡣʲôʽֻҪ֮ڣͨһؿˡ
Ҳûʲôѵİɣ껹Щ⡣
ǺǡһԵĽЦ֣Ǿ˵˵ԵķʽһʵǿδؾܹԵޡΪҪɱһֻϼޣϼҲ洦ɼģҪ㳤ʱһϼޣʵǿҲܱ̭ܿ˵زҪ
ɫһ࣬һ˵ͬһ˵ɵͷ
ڶܶΪܹһأǼһȺġЩֻΪһ˷񡣱ǵһСͼ峤Ǽ崳ĸˡôĸֻΪһ˷ĸһѰϼޣϼ֮󣬺նɱȻĸ̷ؿ˵㣬Ǹ峤أԸ̭˵ǲռʱϵȻ
Ψеͷİ취ܹˣɾһˡ
һЩԼɱϼޣԼȥɱޣͻڻ·ɱޡʵǿҪɱ߷ɱȴʱ䣬һʱˣ̭ˣá
һ⿼˻ǲ򵥰
УһЩгˣ˾ͽʣܾܿһΧɱ㣬ʵǿҲúѵ֣˵ûϼ޾ͱɱˣ˵˵ûʵǹˣҪ


668 η
ǵڶأ
˫һ̯֪ÿĿ˷ʽͬҲֻ֪˵һؿ˷ʽȵǶ˵һأȻܹڶؿ˷ʽ
˵京Ц֣ǽΣ
ţɫһ㶵ǽӦӰɣ
ɫ¶һ˿ɬǽȻӣδܹõôϼޣϾҪġи˳⡣ΪһЩԭ򣬿»ŵ棬̭ĿԺܴ󡣡
Ҳͳӣһ˵
Ŀ˹Ҳ˵ҵ齪֪Һҵ峤ͣԸӡԭŶԣֺͽ֣ӡ
Ŷ˳򣿡꺬Цʵ
ýֱˬ˵ʵֻҪҵϼޣɱͱúܼ򵥡һʽһĸѰϼ޵ʸ˭ʱϼޣǸϼ޾͹˭
ͷʽǹƽ
һҪǰ˵ǲܹõϼޣͱȥҲ˵һֱ͵õϼޣȴһֱûеõϼޣôõϼ޵ҲܹأǸûеõϼ޵һ̭
䣬ͽĿ˳ˡҵϼû⣬аաͽ䣬νˣֻҪύˣ˽д½Ͼĵȼ̫ˡԥصͷҲϵصͷ
ŶһѰΰɣЦ˵
Ҫŵһϵ˵
ţβ˳꣬û뵽˽֮̾
ҡŵЦʱҪԼȷʸ񽻸ңҪѵģ
ţ˾ˣ겻˵һʸ񣬶һ˵Ҫȷƾʲô
Ȼ䣬ֳȻ֮ɫɫ̱ü֣ҵ㻹һߣܹӵо硣ھȷҲˣȷͽˣ㿪۰ɣ
δʱҲӦ˹ϵɫҲǿϲ֣ҪһǸ衣
裿ѯʵΡ
ҵ峤Ц
ͷղ̽һ£д½϶ھж˽⡣һӾ˵磬б࣬д½ϵľ߲٣ҵȼͰ
֣۰ҪǸ𣡡ϲɫ˵
ҲЦе˵ǵһ̫ƽǣ֪ҳԵķʲôȼҿļ۾ǵǹ˵һؿˣҪ̫ƽõľ¥ҳԶٷ
û⣡˵Цһ˿ɣʵ˸ղҲӲͦ³꿪ļ̫ߡ֪νĿ۲ǺЦвɸж£Ҳֱˬ˺ܶࡣ
֣ܹõŵ׼ڡ׼ĸţ˳ꡣ
Ҳڣأ
Ҳǣ
ţһǵһǺ͵ڶ򲻺𣿡
ֻǺ͵ڶļ岻ͣЦ
ǵһ͵ڶ֮ǲҲͣ겻ҪŪд½ľơ
ô˵νӿڵĴ֮оҲкֻĴŲ֪
Ŷͷ̶ʵΪʲôҪȥڣ
Ϊǳͬ˵
ǳһ𣺡˵ǳܹ𣿲Ǵ˵кܶʿǳ߾ϣ𣿡
˵Ĳɫص˵Ҳ˴ǳǧǰһʿηʹǳһֹʮѨ֮Ϊд½ϵһ֡ԣǧȻ̫ǳźܶ߼ڣǱǳȥġһǧ״ࡣ
һѵǳ
ǳܹΪŲ㣬ڰǳֳ˾Ÿֻ֣˵һ߲ʸڶ㡣˱ܹͨǳȷʵúܶ߰ȫ˺ܶ࣬û鷢ˣ˵ҲܶࡣԴʿ֮Ͳǳǹؾصؿʼһûͨǳ߲ܹǳһĸѾܾû˴ǳˡ
ǵληǽĹ£
У˵ηµĹû¡
ţΪʲôô˵
Ϊηܹ֮ǳܣΪʱһֻǳޣɱܾˣǳڵǳ֮ҺŵɱǳޣΪյǳ֮ҺԪӵһ˿ǳ֮
ûʶһ˿ǳ֮ҪԣȵصڣȥǳʱȻԼһЩһϲ񣬾һ֮Ūˣܹ֮ǳΪӵǳ֮֮ӵǳ֮Ϊǳ޵ǳ֮Һ
뿪ڣд½ĴѰǳޣ߹򣬻ɱڵǳ֮ҲֻʮѨ֮Ϊڵǳ֮Ũ
һֱû˵һֱȵԪľ֮ǰŽЩ˵˳֮£Ĵռǳ֮Һǳԭϡȱ֮ô׻ã־˴ѹΣѾˡ
ܾǧй¶˳д½ϴ


669 
ǡǳĵ⡣
ʲôηܣûʲô˺ǳ֮Һһ˴չɱǳޣȻΪúܿ졣֮󣬾ڵҲҪӵǳ֮ҺôȥѾΪǳޣû˻ܹӵеηڵǳ֮ŨȣԵǳ࿪ʮѨ֮ȴͬСɡֻǿʮѨ֮ȻܹսܿʮѨ֮ߡʮѨ֮߶ûˣҲͿʮ˸Ѩ֮Ϊǳʵ̫ˣǾˡ
ʵȻѾ֪ǳҪǳ֮ΪʲôҪЩȥǳûǳ֮ǳ
Ϊûǳ֮Щȥ򰡣һûоԵģһĸǳʱ辶Ҫǳܹ֮ǳô죿
һ£Ҳܹ˵ûУ֮治УδؾͲܹǳһֹ
˼ȥǳ辶ĴѰǳηĹ
Ȼȥһʱǳδֵ˵Ҳ츳ܹһµĹأȻһʱûĻҾȥ
ţֵȥηĹ
һҡͷǳѾô
ͷаֻҪ뵽ڣܹǳ⵹ʡԼܶ顣
˺ܾã˽⵽ܶԼ֪Ĺд½飬о֪Ҳͨ飬ȡĵλʹҲóоǳ
뿪˾¥ʮҪųؾƵ꣬óǳز졣ѵд½ϵ˶ô飿һƴǣЦе˵֣ǲȥ㣬ȥ֡
֣Ȼ
ţһԵҲͷ˾ͽʸˣһǰȥ鷳Ǿȥô˵ġ
Цõؿǰ˵Ǿô϶ȥҵ鷳
һͷҪеһֿˣ˵ǰȥ鷳ϾҪΪһֿ׼ʱˣǾ͵òʧˡʱε̫ƽڣֻμӱ֮ǲμӱǲֵģҲ˵˾ͽҵЩһʱھҪʰ㣬Ҳ֡
ǲͽˣ˫һ̯˾ͽҵĸֲܹ֣˾ͽ˾ͽҲʵǿģй˼ɣʲôҵ鷳
ǺǡЦ˾ͽһʮҪõѣաǵڶҵߣҲڵڶͨصߣǶ۷ʵʵȡδǰʮĻᡣΪ˾ͽʵĺѣһ鷳ġôѹ˰ɣ
֮꣬һֱû໥ԵʵǽζڳҲһƲ⣬Ȼܹ˾ͽʣôΪҲǶڡҲͳ顣
Ȼʵڹٷ˵ϼ񲻻šųһֱʵֵõͻơ
ȴѾþ̽˵ʵڹٷϽεʵǶڣͨľ̽飬ʵȴǶڡ
óᵽ˾裬ûΪһֱΪΪֵõͻơȻ˶õͻƣôٷЩͨصأǻ᲻ʱҲõͻƣ
ף˵˸Լȥ֣˵ǸȥԼʲôʵϾûпԼ˾ͽʵս档һУûپܾһ˷ܡ
ٷϼλյʵǶ۷壬ʱٵõͻƣǿһսδ½ϵ꿡ܡ
̫ƽƵȥһߺͳţһ߹۲ų꣬겢ûΪ˵һǶ۷鷳Եûţһȫһ¶ģͬʱһ񣬿Լ½ύ겻ͨ˰
ԶԶؿ̫ƽƵſھۼźܶˣ͹һЦ֣ûƭɣֻҪۼôˣ֪һˡ
ˣ
Ȼ˿˳꣬Ⱥ৵һػͷ˹һȥóһкͬ
˳кͬȥЦеظ˺档ͨкͬǰȥкͬľͷ̫ƽƵĴſվˣһֱ۲ű˾ͽʣһһλꡣ
ھ˻ԶĵطͣĿǸꡣ
ꣿȻʵ
գ국ӭ˶ԷĿ⡣
յĿڳĽɨջĿٴ˳İɣ
ͷûյϴһ˿ưȻ˭ˣҲӦøĿİɣ
ٴεͷûձ΢΢üͷӳϿһƽ
ʮֵƽ
õкܲĿȻʲô֪ˣôγı
ڵؿˣ˵˾ͽİɣ
յͷҲ֮ǰһ㲻
ôҲӦøҾĹ˰ɣɫɵ


670 
أȻػͷ˾ͽʡ
˾ͽʵɫǵͨ죬ųǳ꣬գ޵÷
귭һۣؾǹأ˭˭ûйϵ
ʲôأ΢΢üͷʵ
⡭˾ͽʿ˰죬ѾЩͷֻǺĹǣ˭ҪҪóһǧƷʯˣһǧƷʯսƷ
䡭Χ
껹񰡣
ǰд軹ҪóһǧƷʯ
Ϊ˭
ᣬǿòã
ȴصͷãֻҪӮңҸһǧƷʯûã
ɣ
֣ʱѾþյʵѾﵽڡԳļ۷ʵûа
շȡһѴ󽣣ָ˳ꡣҲȡһԼոսԼʵѹǶڣԼǳ֮ȫǶѹƶԷ
顭
մڵһߣųֱ˹еĴһֱ̱ųŶȥ˺ƿͬɲХ
һƮͬһ㣬еսʩչͬҽǣ޼ѰȴһʽƵ
յĿһһúã
еĴͻȻÿѾӰֻŵĴǼХ
֮⣡
ĿҲһϿǷ֮⣬ȴû뵽Ѿ֮˴Բ硣
ʱ䣬ͱͬ˿֮У֮ⴵɢ
˫ֳ֮˷֮ɫƵһʽһʽʹʱ˫֮ƼʻᣬӣΧ߱Ƶ÷׷׺ˡ
̶̵ӣͽһʽƵͷʹβȴûռ˿ơвɸ𷽳˵Ļ꣬ʹս֮岢ϵ
һ̳ʶ˷۹⣬ȻѾƵʹ˼£ּȴûаѳȫͷų˳ķӡյķ֮ȴȫӳ˽ơ
ǳǳ֮ѾˡʵֻǿʽѾ·硣
д½߹Ȼ򵥣
䡭
ĵȻһ䣬ˮյҰУһƬĻ˹ƾŰȴΣǺһ˸߹һˣһ˵һˣܼӿ
ˮѾЩʺϵˣȻɽȴҲͷӳɡˮһ¶ռƣʼ𽥵ѹԷ
ʮն
յսⶸȻʮն˳ʮһ֮ĵ涼ڿз裬ڿγһ쫷ų˹
һͦʱʮʽˮѾʮʽ쫷罫һϮֱȻӿ죬ǰսնĵӰ˲佫ʮʽˮն˳ȥ
ʹˣε˫Ŀһš
֪ӦĿ˸
⡭
ڽĻ䣬㿴˳նĿ͵ƣ˵ͳڶսգԹ۵Щ߶е֮ͬС
䡭
˫ĵƲͣײΧһκˣǽǶҲòˣ۾мˡ
䡭
һ޺εס˽Ų΢΢۾Ŷȥ
ۡ
һѪεɶȥ

ײ̫ƽƵĴţײ˴֮С
ʯͻҳƽϢսĿ˶棬˫֮вû˿и
ȿȡ
һմӴ˳ȾѪĿ˳ꡣһһſƬŷ˳ꡣ
ľڿһɨ֪ĿƬһͨÿֽſƬУ˻Ƶˣ
飡
䣬ڵһ壬γȥ
ߣ
˾ͽʵɫʮѿһҲճȥ
һŴĴָһų֣⼸ú׼һ£Ѱ㡣
ã꽫ͨÿЦеصͷ
˷ֿص˷䣬ղôȻûܹɼöרġó갵ͷ΢ġ

ԭҪھƵ˵ʲôҲϣҪڿ˵㴦ųꡣ޷֪ҲһƬģ˽һ̫ƽǵĻ
һܼܾ޴ķɻգŰɽȥСʱ֮󣬰ѾۼɽΧƽԭ֮ϡ
شҶֻźŵɽгȥ꣬ξһȻаˣƽԭȴǾĵģһŵա
˵ΧûгʶˣǽҲûʶˣʶߴʱɢڸ
أ
һźŵը졣
䡭
ʿ׷ڿնɽ˽ȥ
θոΣȴ˫ֱַץס˸첲ק
֣ʲôų
Це˵
λɵų֪꣬Ǿߣȴ֪ľʲô̶ȣ뵽˳Ȼ˵ҲǿѹеĽؿһߵӰʧɽС
³һ徻ˣҲ߰ɣ


671 
䣬Ҳˣһݷ˿Уɽȥ磬ͣ
걳˰֣ɽȥܿ죬˾ͷɵɽϿաʱɽϿѾûڷУӿ·ȥɽеһжïʢľڵҪڿзϼ޸ͲܡЩһɽɽ֮󣬱׷׵شӿ£ڵȥѰϼޡ
֣Ҳȥɣһ·ȥһ˵
ҡҡͷȫ˳ȥʱľѾְܹסžؿӣ㷢˺ܶϼޡ
ѡһǸϼޣòǺԶ
߰ɣ
Ȼһȥ໥һۣĿȻɣȴǽ˳
ԼһСʱ󣬳ѾеԶԶ˦ں棬ʱЩ߻Ѱ
ȥ
ͻȻ·ȥͬʱȡһսҲ׷ȡĳų·ȥ
ಡ
˵δ֦ûеȵοһâѾȥ
ۡ
һͷʨ޵屻룬һϼޡ
ҵϼˣô˷ܵµ
һӣʨյڣȻߣȥɱһ
֣
˷ܵؽ˳ſзȥ˲ã㿴·ȥ
һϼ˭ȥ
ȥ
һд󽣣·ȥͽڿС
ۡ
·ʿȻͿεӰӵЦ֣ǷˡϽΣɱ˵޻ȥһὫ˹һ
Ц߰ɣ
˼ȥԼʮӺ󣬳ٴ·ȥ
䣬·һԳ
յ
˫Ŵ·ȥܿ·ʹһҽУȻͼϹϲá
֣лˣ
꺬ЦͷһԵμ˵ǿȥɣʱ»ûҵϼޣһҪһΡ
΢΢üͷǻȥ̫Ҳ̫ãЩ̫¶âˣϾֻǵһֿˡ
һԵĽҲͷ˵ĲûбҪһǵһҲܹôͳȥ
Ҳ֪ͽ˵еоǲþǰNɪһ¡
ȥζˣһ촽
ε۾ߣǸ̫óˣǺҵ
굹ûгԹϣҲ֪ģ˼ģζһҲ
ʱķطȥï֦ܵڵϵҲǡܹż洫
꽫ӿѰټҪ˵ңСʱȥˣľûҵһֻ
ţ
ͻȻھпһɽһľѾмûסˣܳݣܹϡֱĺۼ
·һľݣȥ
ǸɽȥһûжľͷľɽȻǳҲûСλ̲סţһľɶɿģǸϽɣ
ಡ
Ѿľݸǰβ鲻Ըظǰƾɵľݣζų˵֣ûɶɿġɽлһЩɱ޵ʱһľݣΪǵʱסءԺÿνɽͣϢһ¡ﲻʲôġ
ͷҲûзǰһֽľݵƿһɷùζס˺վſڵһùɢ˲ʱ򣬳ٲ˽ȥһۣεظų˽ȥ
뵽ľ֮ڣ㿴ʬڵϣǽϡεҲû˿⣬Ϊ龭Եʱأɱ֮󣬷ľݣȴ֧ûʲôֵġ
ľʬɨжϺͽ䣬һһ֧ʬĸó̶ȣû⣬¶˹ͷܹжϳʮˡ
ʬµԪռ䣬ΪǵʬѾãڼеĴԪռľֱԪռһɨ¶Цݡ
ָĶ󣬲ʯһƿҩһ֪ǰʲôˡ˵ǣԪռڷֱż׺ۡӦߵĿ滹м㳦һЩư֮ġ
ʵЩڳҲûʲô׺кܶ࣬ȴ޷ó˵ע⡣ͬˣЩ׺ۿĿŵóŽһóһЩȥҪЩ׺۲Ϊ˳ԣΪΪһ˰
㳦ҲܾûгԵˣǾͲˣԼĶ˵
õԪռ˳ȻУεһһ
ƲƲ죬Ȼû¶ӵģȴԿԪռ䡣ʬԵıϾܹʬʹͽױˣԪռڻʲôһҡͷǲҪˣܹ˳ɱϼ޶˳֣ԪռͶְɣ


672 ջ
ЦеŽ˵ĲҪ
Ҫһͷ
ҾԼඣԪռ߳⣬˲ݵϣеԪռЦе˵һջ񣡡
αӵؿһ۳꣬εվ˳ԣų֮󣬺ȥѰ
꽫ԪռŵϣֻһȻǴ潫ʯ˳һ۾ͿʮֻмٿƷʯε¶˹Ȼ˵ɫ
ҲóƿҩʯԱߣȻȡһЩϴ·ԱߣӳһЩư裬ԽԽͷЩʲôɿģ
ʱ򣬳ٴ̧ͷЦе˵ĲҪ
Ҫ˵Щͷ
ٺ٣ЩҾԼˣ
䣬ȡһ㳦Ԫռ粻һǾܷģ˵ʳﴢʮ꣬ǴҲḯá
һ㳦һóεɫͱˣ˱ܵ־Ӵȴһӱڻ˵Ҫˣҵģ
ζһۣ˵оǻ⣬˴ֵ֣磬硭
Ӿһæֹ̧סͣͣ˵£ôң
ɶ۾ųе㳦ˡһ¿ˮ˵ָܷܲһһ
ֱӷһ۵ղʹǺüˣ˵Ҫġ
ǴˣǴ˻𣿡ζ˳ǰһİ
Ǹӵ˵ڳһӵܵĽģôں˰ɣɵ˰ɣ
ǣǣһͷǺˣֻ㳦ָһЩǵϴ󡣡
ܲе־һҵϴˣ
ϴϴСܸ⣬ҲøǵȲǣ
ȥ԰ɣ
ֱӸһһȻԼҲһʱ䣬˶˵ռֻܹ̻ʵľ׽
˲书ͱ˳ԵһɶȻ˵ĿͶǴ㳦ϡֽ㳦ֳݣ˷һسԹ⡣Ȼ󣬽ξһָͷָŵϵĴԪռ䡣
Ԫռ䣬㳦˳Ȼֿʼ̻ʡŶӣһ״
ϴû㳦ˣδ˵۾Ԫռ䡣Ȼû˵Ŀȴرֳ
ҡҡͷûˣ
βһʧͻȻֳЦݵ
ʲô۾ضųꡣ
һЩ׺ۡ
׺ۣһӴӵһȻڵؿЦš
겻ӣԪռڽеĴ׺ȡ˳ܹߴ׺ۡ
ҲЦˣܵǰڴ׺۵ǰָţС̬ȣŮҲûôĹ
ϴ󡭡һ̧ͷųꡣ
һҲһָŵϵĴ׺˵ʣµһ׺ͰȥǮƽ֡
ãѸٵؽӦõĴ׺ս˴Ԫռ䡣Ȼ˿һ׺Ͱ۵ϴ׹ʮ۴ԼʮܹĳǧƷʯ
΢΢üͷҸóһ׺һ
ϴⶫȥɾûˣ
֪ɬ˵˭ҪʯҵϾʣ¼Ʒʯˡ
ʵҲԣҲɬ˵Ǳһ߸ԣǼԴޣԱڶ࣬вδļ̳ˣõԴҲࡣ
˵üЦЩ׺ۣҲһҡ
꽫׺ȻԽεǻȥһЩʮװĲƿӣȻЩ׺װȥһƿһƿ˵һЩʯ
ð취ιƵ
ָŵϵԪռһһ
һۣȻϵһʮǳڰԼɣΪڴԪռڻһЩ׺ۡ˴ʱóһɽ֮ˣʾҪԪռ䣬Ҳд׺ۣʧȥλᣬܹһ㣬˵˳Ϊˡ
߰ɣȥ˷ܵش󺰣ಡһ˿С
ȥҲ˿С
ʱĳǺܸˣЩ׺ۣԼܹһѼƷսˡҾԺԼó׺Ҳ˽ڣԼɽַһЩľݣҵһЩ׺ۡ
ΪʲôһҪЩ׺뽪䣬ƽ֣˵֤Ͳ˻ɡ
ʱҲȥʲôˣĵɽ֮ȥ
ಡһ˵ǰ
磡
ԾǰˣôҲû뵽ôǸ˹Ҳһ£ĿˣҲҪʱ䣬ǰ߾ȻڲСʱʱͻˡ
˽ɱʬ˳޵˿һ֪Ǹոɱġ
˹ٹؿһˣֵǼϣȻһֵɻڴ˵ؼϣȻһɻء
ǣ


673 ǳ
òӭһȻһȥ˷ܵظ˵󡣾ʱһĸԶԶغС䣬ɿˣ
̧ͷһθΪ壬òʩǣ壡
һ˿죬̶Цǲǵһġ
ζˣʱһ߷
ǣ壡εɫòȴ͸¶һ־롣
λСǣûε˳ꡣ
꣡òʩ
һų¶еЦݣλ˵꣬ûȤҡͬ⣬Ͳزμӿˡ
壡ε˵ֵĿţκһġ
ǳꣿλ۾һǸ˾ͽʺյĳꣿ

ֻ꣬ҪԸǽңǽҸĵӵݣ
ԲҪţƽ˵
˵ֳʧҲǵһ꿡ܣĸҪš
꣬ǽҵĴԶΪ㳨
Ҳǣ
Ȼ˽εͣҪ嶪
ǣ
ֿһ۳꣬Žȥ
Զѹ˵꣬нʱ䣬ǲٽ뵽ɭȥѰľݿɺã
۾Ҳһã
磬ҲҪȥһڴų꣬Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪȥѰľݣǷҲųȥʶһ¡
ߣ
˷ܵسֻҪܹҵĴ׺ۣи뵽֮ҪҪʯһࡣ
ĸ˱㿪ʼɭֵϿεľһֱſţɨɭڵĸ
˵ɭлвľݣǾһɨ֮ĸҲûҵһ׺ۡҲʮʬ壬ջǲŴԪռ䣬һЩҩʯ֮⣬ûʲôջ
ϴѾˣǰߣɭֵˡŸ߽׵ޡĸڿУǰ˵
ҲЩԥΪѰʲô׺ۣ˵˶ֵãϾҪڣҪڶֿˡ
ǷɵøһӦ÷ֲǡϴľڣں˵˵ˣԽΣյĵطջԽ󡣡
Ŀⶼ˳꣬ҲеԼܹӵɵд½ѵһɽ
ǺãǷɵøһЩСһЩҪŪ
֣
ĸٴΰθߣɵ˰֮ϣ꽫ǰȥ
ϴľܹõ𣿡
ǿ˵
оһݣսʱ򣬻ûóȫ
¶΢⵽΢ʧĸڿзУֻϵɫѾЩƣˡ
ϴǲҸطϢһ£㿴ֲסˣε˵
겻ȥܹĴһþɨţһߵ˵ţһ£һȫĵط
䣬ɫһ䣬ľɨ赽һ޴ӣ֮ڱ鲼ʯʯ֮Ҳǳޡ
ľȻУɨɫһ䡣֮һ޴ǳޣǳ޾ȻǺһʵ֮ڻʮֻһǾżǳ޺ͫǳޡ
ԺѸٵ˼ţҪҪ߽ΡƱҪһ
ǡ
뵽֮Լһǳ㲻ܵڵĻɡȻԼǳϰ벿ԶᳬԼ
ڣֻԼǳܱܿڸ߲㻳ɣ˵Լץʡ㣬Ͳᷢ飬Ϊ֤Լǳ֮Һ
һӵЩǳޣԼʵһɿԼܹ̫ãļ˻ڵȴԼ
˲;¸߽Σ뵽ɱǳޣҪ֪һǼǳޣɱԼĸˣֻͬϡ
ϴôˣμͣѹʵǷ˿µޣ
ǣصͷѹ˵ʮֿ£
εɫһ䣬ʱ˵ڵԪҲĵ߰˰ˣʱ˿µޣӣûӡ
֡ˣʵ
ûУ˵
䣬κͬʱһȻ伫ѹ˵ϴǸϽӰɣ
ǾͲʲôޣ
ʲôҲӰ
ǳް
ʲôθһ̧סԼͣȻ·ţû޳һȻ˼صʵǳޣ
Ȼģ
ǻʲôϽȥɱǳޣǾͿǳˣȡ˳Ŀ·ɨţѰǳ޵λá
֣˵
û֣
ûڸʲô
ȥɱǳް
֪ǳʲôʵ𣿡
εĿһССʵʲôʵ
һ
˻
Ǿż
˻
˸弶
˻
Ƕһ
˻
ٸͫ
˻


674 ð
겻Сʵûˣ
ûˣ
ûǳˣ
Уȼ̫ˣһ¼ģٶҲв
ҪǹвǸһ޾ɱǡǻӰɣ
İǳޣô
һɽڣܶͱڣٱڵѱ֡ͱڰϻƲ㣬˵ɽϷҲ
˵ܹͱ߸ɱˣǻˣȥɣ
֪뷨Żȥ壬ȻüɸɱЩǳޡǣûУǼնɱЩǳޣǻõ٣һͫǳޣһ񼶱ģ
οɬ˵ϴ֪˵еǵʵ̫ˣ
ҸطϢһ£ڵԪָ۷壬Ȼ취ʵûа취Ը߼͸߰ɣ
Ҳ߼ģεâ˼壬Ҳòʲôô󲿷ǳ޶ͶϡҪţʵ֮ɱЩǳޡ
Ҳǣʹص˵ͷϴûа취Щǳɱĸ˾һֱܵӵʵʱһ
ãͷ
˼ǰȥԼ˰Сʱ·ȥʱҲ·һɽȣĴͱڣͱڵİƮŰơ
ͱ֮ϣѹ˵ǾϢ
˵ͷȡҩʼָԼԪŲ֮Ԫָúܿ졣ֻһСʱ󣬱㽫Ԫָ۷塣
۾Χˣ˻ڻָ֮У°˼ô룬Ҳ벻ɱЩǳ޵ķ
иʱͻȻ˽
ָԪˣʵ
ţ
ʲô
ǵʵǲɱǳ޵ģҪ֡
ʲô֣
ܹһֻǼǳǾͿ֮ˡ
ûհɣʱҲ۾ܹһֻǼޣǾʵȥɱǸǳޣֺαضһ٣
˫һ̯ʾԼֻ취Ĳܡ
Ǵʱĳȴ˳˼˼·һ򿪣ԼδزܹһֻǼޡΣǿ϶Сһжֵð
Ǽޡ
ʲô
ϴ󣡡
磡
а취ҸԷ
꽫˳ȥΧͱѰţȻ˰֣˵
䣬֮·ȥɵüӿյûС䣬κҲСظ󣬽һ˿
½˴ԼңƲ֮УȻ󴩳Ʋ㣬ĸֻǰһֻɽ֮ڷǹ⣬ʱؿȥɽӣдСÿһжǹ⣬ǳ޷Ĺâ
ƲǰͱڷȥɵһƬʵ֮ǰ˫ؽ߰ǿֳһڣȻĵط˽ȥ
Ǿţ˵
أ
һصĵطȻȥһǼޡ
磬̫Σˣĵ˵
˰֣ſڶڣٴνӿԼһ֮󣬳ĵطɳɽ·ȥԼ½ʮңڶһͱʧˡ
һɽ˳ɽȥɽۣͨԽԽխֻһȥ
˳ȻϿշȥͱϵĶڴ䣬κſųӰʧڰ֮ڡ
ͱ֮ϣ㿪ʼԼľӿΧǼޣһǶһ
žȥĸޣһһδܹùǸһǳޣοôǳޡ
һǶްɣ
Ƕ֮ѡֻѡһ˫ͷӥΪֻֻ˫ͷӥػ޶ûв
뷨͵һȻܡǿŵӽɽ֮ڣȻǸһ񣬺ǳ޴սһ
ǳ꿴˫ͷӥоһ󷢿ࡣǷްټϺǼ㾫ȫٶҲ̫డ
Ǹ˫ͷӥĳѨɽȲԶԼҲǧҡʱľܹﵽһסſͱ֮ϼһ˫ͷӥһֱȵ¶΢⣬ֻԵ˫ͷӥŷ˳ȥģǳȥʳˡǸ˫ͷӥʧ֮󣬳̽̽˫ͷӥĳѨ֮С
ʱֻԵ˫ͷӥڱ۾ѹӥ꽫ֳݣϢؽӥסȻ͵һקקһӥԼķ
ֻ˫ͷӥȻ۾ǿӥƿնȥ
߿
˫ͷӥХһ˳Ѩǿӥ˹
꽫ڶӥҲק˳ͱ֮ȥǸ˫ͷӥ̸оǿӥͱ֮ˤȥ
һͷǿӥȥһצǿӥץסȻŷǿӥ
ٽӥ峲Ѩק˳ͱ֮ӳȥֻ˫ͷӥٴһͷٴθȥһֻצӽڶӥץסСŷߵǿӥ˹˼ɣ»ٻצӥ˻


675 ǳ֮Һ
߿
Զֻ˫ͷӥУʱǿӥѾɵ˳ǰ쿪˫ֱסǿӥͱ֮ȥȻٶ·ȥΪڸղһ̣Ѿֻ˫ͷӥӰ
ಡ
ӰƲ㣬·壬ѾϷֻ˫ͷӥŭ˻
ಡ
ݺݵؽǿӥžסźһǳ޵ȥһգѡõǸѨͷҲصȥ
ಡ
֮һǣǿӥסȻ֮ڡ
߿
һŭ˻𣬽ųĺضɽҡ
괩һصͨȻʵʵض˳ȥ
ͱڶǸڣ䣬κſڶڣһĴ͡죬غһѹ˵ҿϴŪһʲôƷްô
ϴôģһ𾪣
̫ˣ˶һۣͬʱѳΪԲܹѡ
ɽȳǳ޴һڷ˳˫ͷӥΧɱȥ춼Ǵ֡
ⳡսһ죬ջֻ˫ͷӥȡʤҲ˺ֻۣӥˣ˫ͷӥڷŭ֮£һǳҲŹСҲŹ㶼˺ƬȻҡҡλεطˡ
˫ͷӥӰʧƲ֮ϣǲŸҴӶѨ䣬κһֱעŶʮµǸѨȴų
ӶѨзɳ֣Ȼ·ȥ䣬κҲæ·ȥҲԼͬǸһǳ޵ȥ
꿴ȡһƿӣʲôƿӰϽֱôԪռհɣ
ĸȻûҵ׺ۣȴҵʮԪռ䣬ʱԣÿȡһԪռ䣬ʼȡڵǳ֮Һǳ޵ʬ塣
ȡһڵǳ֮ҺѸٵسһӣһЩ©ǳޣնɱʱЩ©ǳ޶ʮСģ˫ͷӥмɱģԳɱû˿Ѷȡ
ֻǲһʱʱ䣬ĸ˾ͽɽеǳ֮Һѵǳʬȡòһա
վɽȵ룬꽫ȫ˳ȥҪһǷ©ǳ֮Һǳ޵֫塣֪ǳ޵ļֵȻ˷һ㡣
ȻĿ΢ľɨУÿһڶһСͬʯҲ׳Ƶǳǳ󣬾ǾסǸǼǾżڵǳ֮ԹעǳΪǳڵǳɫͬǳɫΪһЩ
ѵǳǳʲôͬ
̽Լľǳڲ͸ȥһ͸ɫһ䣬Լľ͸ǳ֮ڵٶԷǳԵ
΢Ѱ˼һ¾ˣӦΪǳ̫ܶԭɡһؽԼľ͸ǳڣľﵽǳ֮ʱɫıˣЩ
Ϊľп޴ǳھȻֱҺ壬ǼеǿǳڵҺô󣬶ǾżڵǳֻȭͷСҺ塣
ⲻҪҪҺ̲żΪŨǳ֮ǸǼǳڵǳ֮ҺŨȵǧ

ǧֹӦǧ
ȻʱûЩǳ֮ҺȴҲܹ϶ŨֻǼǳǳ֮ҺǧҲܹﵽһ򱶡
ǳ֮Һ
ջ˾ʼ䷳ؽһڵǳ˼ֻһٶʮǳںҺ壬̲صСҲָװССֻһΡ
ʱ򣬽һǿֵͲĴǳ޵֫˵Щǵرҵ
ǸǼǳ޵ڣԥؽսһԪռڡȻȥӣ̲ȭͷСǳ֮ҺǳҲ
Ҫǳ֮󣬳ֿʼռһٶʮǳĶܿ죬䣬κ˶ĴѰɢĴСǳ޵֫䣬ηֳɽڲͣطӵʱ򣬳Ѿһٶʮǳֻȡϡ
ϴڸʲô䳯ų˹
һ߷ӵһǳǰһߵ˵һЩǳЩҲǼƷϰɣ
䣬ַɵһӣһǳȻ򣬶԰ЩǳȻϲЩǳ޵ļֵҲһּƷϰֵʯġ
ӻȻ׹ʱ򣬳ȡһǳһߵȴ˵ʲôЩǳҲܲˣǳ޵֮֫ЩǳҲ٣
ʱȡһǳһ̲ǳ֮Һǳȥ俴һεˣǳ޵֫ҲûжˣǻǽЩǳռϽ뿪ɡ˭֪ʲôʱޡ
ಡ꽫һ̲ǳ֮ҺǳȻŽǻǰЩǳɡ
䣬ֿʼռǳˡǳռһԪռڡЩǳһս
䣬κҲʼռǳûдǳ̲ǳ֮Һ߽ΣҲûдߡ


676 ټڴʦ
Щǳ޵ǳ֮ҺָںΪǳ޵ǳ֮ҲԼյǳ֮ǿ٣ǳڵǳ֮ҺͲͬˣҪյǳ֮ǿ̫ࡣ
뵽ͻȻһŽʵ䣬ǵʵܹɵɣû˳ȥǳ֮
ȥ⣿ĩ֮ǰֲûǳ֮Ǹ޷աֻкȽڵЩǳܹ֮ա
ˣԼΪǳϰ벿Բܹǳ֮Щûǳϰ벿˸޷ṩǳֺֻܹ֮ǳ֮ǳǳ֮
ܿ죬ĸ˾ͰеǳռȻĸַɻͱϵǸɽУԵϢһ֮󣬳ɴóһЩףȡ˹ư裬ȥռһЩɿ֦ĸ˱һ׷տ˴ڴԪռڵޣʼ
û˵䣬κڻζŴ׵ζʧȥܾõζǲ˵ȻҲ˵ɽж˾׽ζ
һ׷Եøɸɾ֮󣬽ԼĶ˵ϴ㿴Щǳô֣
ԭͲǺںЩǳޣ͸ںˡһӵ˭յľ͹˭ûбҪٷˣ
ɫһԥ˵ⲻСϴðս˫ͷӥ㣬ֻǸռûгʲôҿ·һ°ɣϴǶ٣Ǿö١
䣬䣬κѴԪռ˳˳ǰҡҡͷǲÿȻѣͲҪֵô˭õľ˭ġ
ϴ󡭡
˰ֵôǲһõʲôôĲңǾͻٷָһݣ
ᣬô᣿˼æ֡
ǲͽˣ꺬Ц˵ǿҪúŬѾӵǳ֮Һʱȥڡ
ɫһ̶أϵĴԪռȻ˵ϴģһһڡ
ãڻȥɣǿڶֿʲô
ĸ˷ɳɽ˸߿գɽȥھ뿼˽аʱ䣬ĸ˷ɳɽſ˵ȥ
һ𣺡ΣˣѾˣ㱻̭ˣ
ĸѭȥһֵشЦš
ǸԱߵľ裡һԵԳ˵
䣡һִһΪϧСӣҲܹͨˣ
תȥһĿкż˵
꣡û뵽㱻̭ˣ˾ͽʲ֪ʲôʱΧģֻ첲ѾȬ겻ò̾д½档
죡ͻȻǽҺҵĳϷģһǿ˹ٷġ
Ǹ˹Ȼɨˣ˵꣬䣬ڵһѾ˿ˣǱο˵һߡ
ΧһǼ꣬εɫ𾪱˼ʣȻǲš
Ǹ˭ʵ
ǽҵݡ
ƺڼлòôЦе˵
Уͬʱ˵Ҳǿ
ǺǡͬʱЦ
û˵ΪʲôڼˣҲûʡĸߵһߣһûһţȵϵ΢⿪ʼɢʱ˵һܼܷɻʼ̫ƽǡ
ص̫ƽǣλص帺ڶֿݣԼڴ˼ϣһ١
ǴֱڴʦķɵѾӦˡȻһˣڴʦ˳ʮɽݸ˳ꡣ
ϸظЩɽֳ֮ɫڴʦˣʮɽȻﵽ˼Ʒϵȡ
лл꽫ʮɽվγڴʦʩһ
ڴʦЦ˵лСԺܹٵõһЩζˡ
Ѿ׼õƿӴ׺۷ŵʯϵʦȥɽˣһľмһЩ׺ۣ͸˼ң
ڴʦ۾һ̶ɵ´ųСӲЩøҰɣ
ô᣿꼱۵ȥʽΣһ񵽵ģҵƽֵġ
Ŷڴʦ¶ŵ񣬵ͷǼ񵽵ĲֹЩɣ
ǣͷʦ֪ҺģҪʣµһЩ
ʲôңҸ˫Ϸ򲻲ǮȥҲǱ
ٴͷҪͽ䣬һ£
ʲôģڴʦӵۡ
¶֮ɫĿȴһƬᶨϾ˵Ķ
ж٣
ʮףʮۣ
ڴʦ̵ɴ۾ȥСӣҳһǧƷʯ
˵˫Ŀؼһ䣺ң
죬С˵
ߣҲңԺҸǶڴʦߺߵ˵
ǣ͵͵Ĩһ亹Σҵһһʦ
⻹࣡ڴʦƲƲвǳԿд½Ͽ϶бǮģҪĵطࡣҪеһҹ¼ҹһʣľʯˡܹǮ´׺۵Ҳˡ


677 Ϣ
˵´һ³Сӣ͸Ϸöɣ˵ɣ
ٺ٣εЦȥɽõһЩǳҪʦΪҴһս
û⣬øҿڴʦһ߽ʯϵĴ׺һߺ˵
ȡһǳ˵ϡڴʦһǿǳɫôһ飬ȵ֮ҲȭͷСһ顣ˣʣµĲҸˣðɣ
Ҫǳս˵
ڴʦһ۵ǳ
УһУ
۵۵
һǳ˳ܿͶѵΧǣͬƾնһȦǽڣȦ档⻹ǳóһС֣Ϊӣ˵ҵԼͣ
ǿڴʦҲ㶵س꣬쳯ųҪҵԺ𣿡
ĿһɨѾǳѹȥε˵ԲڴʦҲǹġ
ڴʦߺߵص˳һۣȻĿЩǳɨţȻͼһǳԼ֮һڴʦԳ˵ʣµɣ
ŶӦһֽʣµǳ
һѼƷսɲֻǳһֲϾܹɹģҪһЩϡĲϡ
εشֵûУ
֪ûУڴʦһ۵Щ׺۵ķϣҳˡ
ллڴʦæл
ԺʲôζĶǵø͹
һһͷ
ڴʦص˵ͷһѵҲأȷҪһôصĵ
ȷܹʹö
֪ܹʹöûбҪôأ
ɽעغغͰԵջǵͷҪ
㣡ڴʦν˵һºá
һ£ɴ۾ôã
Ϊһȫǳɵսףڴʦŭ
ףף
ߣ߰ɣǵСӸҽ
ǣģ
ڴʦͷվٴ꣬תĹ䡣ҲŴ˾Ƶꡣ
ڶ磬ͽ壬һ棬Ͱڴʦ˼ˡ˵ķӦ룺⻹ʲôǵģϽѴ׺۸ڴʦȥǸ۸Ѿߵˣû˻ߵļ۸ˣ
ĸûгԣȥڴʦʮ׺ʮõһǧƷʯÿ˷ǧƷʯ
ǧƷʯ֮󣬳ȥսˣýκܲ׳Ϊʲôѵһսղؼң
ԥظǧƷʯһѼƷµսûа취ΪһѼƷеսҪǧϵʯʯȻֹƷսƷսȥ˽˰ƷʯϾʣһǧƷʯȴһѼƷµսƷսʮƷս
Ȼĸ˾̫ƽǵ죬νǧʯ硣β֪ʵǳʹӣԶһҲûʲôСż¶̲֮סʵϴôսʲô
ܣЦŻص
Уθ˳һӵ
˵ģǴڶֿ˵𣿡
һ˵εϱһ˿ƣóһ
̾Ϣһ
̾Ϣһ
ôѣЩ
ζһۣͬʱ̾Ϣһ
˵ɫһС̫ܵθˡ
ѵǺѣƵ˵ֻǶҪȥˡ
󹤣ﾡԻ
ģһԽ͵ڶֿ˻ɽС
ɽ
ţɽǲʯĵطﱻĴźͰ˴ƿءʯܹһǹһռ䣬һһֱռõڵԪʮսͬߵһֻʯڲռ֮ҲģʯһֱмС򲻵ĴźͰ˴Сο˾ڣÿ߱ɽȡһǧʯ
һǧ꾪
񿴰׳һؿųһȭͷСʯһǧⶼ֪һӡ
źߣҲˣץƱһһֿǾΪĴźͰ˴ץһϼޣڶֿȥǰʯⲻǰǰ׵𣿡
˵ҲһƣұʱڵһǧʯȥĴźͰ˴ѾҵĿȥڣҲ˵ҪԼȥҿ
ǲ׸ڿʯѰҿ
ţεͷοҪ̭ߣͬϽʯʱ˳ŶΡ
ҪʱڣϽʯ߲أ
Ǿж˾ˣģɽеʯǲٵģֻǸƶˡľʱ䣬֮䲻ʲôΪֻҪңܻҵġ
Ǿһؿඣɫָƽ
ϴǸѰʯûɣζڴųꡣ
̧һֻ°¶˼״εɫýʱ򣬲չһЦȻû⣡
γ³һȻһųʲô


678 ڿ
밡ǲǽһЩʯʧȥλᣬԺнɽĻɣ
ε۾һ˷ܵ˵ϴ͸ңڣ
û⣡ЦеشһָĵԼˣֻһѰҿĴʦͿˡ
ص̫ƽƵ꣬Ѿϡ벢ûзǳԼ̫ƽҲǳͷˣ˵ĴźͰ˴嶼ڼԼԼ֪Լܹǳ֮ǾͲˡ
üëһЩ̲ǳ֮ʯˣ뵽ңҪŹϣ硣
ѰһСǳǳֻһǳ֮ҺȡһڴʦƵķɽ׼һǳ֮ҺλãȻת
ͷֵƳɵķɽ治Ǵģڳ꾫ؿ£ͬһͷһͣȥǳҲΪӲ㻨˳ĸСʱʱ䣬Žǿǳһǿǳֱӽǵǳ֮Ҳ
䡭
̾͸оһɿ񱩵ԼڣͬһˢԼ塣
Ƥ⣬ǣ裬࣬һ˱ơ
̷һ겻֮޸ٶɸƻٶȡ̷겻֮Ÿһǳ֮ƻٶȡ
ǳ֮ͬһڳľһһسˢţ֮һһ޸ų˵塣
ȥСʱľܹܵס񱩵ǳ֮ĳˢ˳оǳ֮뵤ڵǿǳ֮С
ˡ
ֻһǳ֮ȻóʵõͻƣļͻƵ弶ڡ
ƣ³һ֮󣬱ȥ˯˹ȥղŹȥļСʱ̫ƣˡ
֮Ѿ˵ڶ硣ڳԡϴһ裬ų֮󣬲Ŵ֪ҹ֪Ҳûʲô¶ǡʱúõϢһ£Լ״̬ڵ۷壬Ϊǵڶֿˡ
ֱֺɻ˵ɽÿ˷һƷʲڿ䣬ȻҾֺؽ뵽ɽڿȥˡ
꣬ζûаöʱȥܹ̭˱վڸոսɽһ
ϴҪòܹҵһ
귭һ۵Ҫɽûп
У϶Уһ˵
˫һ̯ǻҪһɣܹܲ뿪ɣ
ǵȻ۾ġ
ǹܹҵ
ʵϳ껹ǰôЩڿгɽ˲һСʱ󣬳ҵһ󡣶ʱЩμӿ˵ѾԶԶ˦˺棬ͽѰſ
Ĵš
ϴҵˣ
ţ
ǻڰóڿһԾԾԵģ
국˵ǵһصĵطȻһӽȥҪѶⱻ˷֡
üͷ𣿡
߰ɣ
һȥվһ˶ߵʯǰ
ˣȥʯק
ק𾪵ʵҪǺɽһƬôק
ûһ𣬺ǳģ˵ʵװק
Ŷ
˵ͷһһҵߵǿʯǰȻ˽˫ֲʯ֮Уһص˱ǿʯ̧Ȼͱק˳
ʯ¶Ǿʹһȥ
ε̾ˣǶĹ̰
ϴ󣡡һڿˮ⡭𣿡
ȻУԼʮ׵ĺ֮һȻźܶʯҪֻǽʮͨ
򵥣һ۾ͷŹˣֻʮףǼ˵СһǺͱڣһȭͰʮ׵ɽ͸²ؾڿͳȥƵ˵סװԪռ
δӦһ㿪ʼֻʮ׺ȣ˵ʵʮӵʱ͸ͨˣȻְս˴ԪռڡȻһҡڵ߽үƵý˰ǿ˶ߵĴʯ̧ڶϡ
û˿Թԣһ˷ܸ˳󡣽뵽Ȼ֮ڣųԼ˰Сʱ˵ǰȻʣһ޴Ķߣָһұһָڣ
֣
˾ڿͳ˹ȥӵʱڳʮʯ
ˣİƵȰ⼫ʯˣӦùǽˣ
ż˷ܵ˵һ֣
꿴ҲǵߵʮʯǰýŰʮʯֳݣֽԼһȻƵ˵ûʯˣҲڣ
íأĻһ㶣̶ͷһ㲻˵̫ˣ
ҲƵһұ˹ȥθϽԼһʯ֮ƨƨߵظ˳
óһѷɽʹڶǽϻһһƽҵĳΣȻŽδһӵڣ
οųǸקקӣ޲ðѳ갴ڵһٲŽǲ˵ܴܲù꣬Ҫҵʯ̳갡ֻƵڿˡ


679 ˭
õʱȽϳСʱ˵ǰһһٶƽ׵ĳεľ޴ʯ
ʱξͿˣ
ϴ⡭ôôŪ
Ȼըˣһǰһ˵ʯ㹻¶ֻǱ棬жʮʯ
ôһ飡θոջɫִˡ
Ҳǣʹɽڲͬλÿʼתףʮӵʱ׶Ȼȡʮ˿Ÿڵڵ˿׶ȻִڷкŽԶԶغԼһ˿Ȼþʹ׶֮ڣһײ
䡭
ڵըˣʯըʮ飬ɶͼֻ࣬һСʱʱ䣬Ͱеʯ˳Ȼֳݣ
궣ڽʱҪϽǵһڳЩΪЩûбƵĺۼȻ׵ͷԭ·أƿʯȥְ֮ʯعԭλ˱ɽȥ
صɽĿ˵㣬ȻѾ˽ȥ֮һԭҵһ¶ƶ󣬲ôڣͼһЩʯ
γûȥɽѰľ֮ĶҲûгȥѰǳޣɽĴţ˴徭ӪãѾòˡ
óԾǣЩ߻ǸܣʱﾹȻųǧҵʯֻֻܹѡṋ̃Ľʺ޵ͨڶֿ˵ˡ
һֿˣûеһֿ֮ȥðգɵ֮ͨ˼ѡһط͵͵ʳǳ޵ǳ֮ҺȻûǳڵǳ֮ҲЧãҲܹоԼʵһ˿˿
ǽ䣬κ͸˵ˣǳ֮Ҳʵȳ껹죬ֻǵǳ֮Ͱ߲̫ࡣȳǳ֮ľȲ̫ࡣ
βҪǰֿʲôݣڵڶֿ˽֮󣬱õֿ֪ͨ˵ݾ̨ս̫ƽǵĽС
ص̫ƽһ죬ϣͽ䣬ξ졣εɫЩأóЩ⣬Ƕڵʵ⣬֪ʲôصġ
ʣοɬһЦջɽ˵˵һǩʱ򱻳鵽֡˵˳һ۵鵽㣬ͱ̭ˣ
ôɣЦ˰˵ǶǼж٣ϸֵļʼΪ㣬Ҫӹš
㵱Ȼûˣ̬ηһۡ
Դ壬ԲӦú˽ɣǵʵǲǺ͹ٷϵһ
κĵָ˳һ۵ôһٷʵϼϼ𣿡
ľһѵǶʵ
ʵǿ϶ģ˭Ҳɵ̨֮ǰȫ¶ԼʵҾ˵ģҲǸߵʵϴ밡ʵɲǵȼ似һƷ似һȫԽսԣͨ뵽ǰļǰ˴еߣ͵̡̰ŵȼ似
ĬȻͷ뵱ԼڵϳΪͨһǳԵʣҲƾͨ似Խս𣿿ɼ似Ҫԡ
Ұ˽˵һ°ɣв㣬βһ¡˼˵ڰȻڹٷûдͨصˣҲûǼߣһҪע⡣·ƽһСĵӣٷϼ۷塣Ǿ˵նɱޡ
ޣʲôʱնɱģ˿𣿡
һǰû˿ֻǿǸ޳ۡҲʹ˵Ǽġ
ĬĬͷȻӭ˽䱥Ŀ˵
ͬûдͨصߣǸһֵͬǹע죬أκһ塣
˵ֿһ۳ͺϴһ
һû˿仯ֻŶĽ䡣
˺ܲȺû֪ʵȻٷʾһһ¶ˣҰܹⱾͲ򵥡
Ŀһ˼˵ĿǰΪֹû֪ʵʵ
˫һ˿âڼǰǰȥѰԣһǶĸ֣һնɱ֮ʧټֱǰһ̫ƽǡ
ˣĿڽεɨ˾򵥣һҪСġ
ǣε۾һǴأ
һµ֪ӦһС
Ĭһ𣺡Ͳ˵ˣʵǿصľϴˡˣϴ㲻ǳҵĵӰɣ
ǣ̷ϡ
Ŷѡų꣬˵һͨصߣ꣬ʾǶ۷壬Ϊıһͼ壬ΪؼǧһţΪȴһֱǳ͵ٺ˶֡ʵͬ
͵ܱչز
ǣʱֻ֣ƺϲ쳣ϲ鷨鷨ϵǾ
΢΢üͷ
ƺûʲôעߣǵȴҪע⣬ֱأ֣購졣


680 ѹ
أʾһ۷壬˺׽һ竣ϲѰٱչΪѰ١ǼʹҲܹͨأô򵥡
֣購ʾһ۷壬˺෴еʱ䶼ϣΪչؿ
죬ʾǶڣƽʱٺܹأ˵һɱ֡
ˣѰÿ֣Ŵıڡչؿ񼸺Ͳ֣ɱٹأ˵ʵû
¶һ˿ЦԼˡ
ڶ͸˵ˣܹʮͨصߣֱգңѾˡ˾ͽֻ˾ͽһ˴ͨأҲˡ˴ͨأһ޵Уһ¡޵пµĲĹķ;һǰһ۷ߺд裬ԷϿ塣һŮӣڻԵɺ֮һʮְ˴ͨأֱǳ裬㡣˳˳Ų֮⣬ͳʮţŲ鼰˴ĴսȻܹٴΣȴֻܹǰܣ𾪡
ÿʧܵʱ򣬶ôȫԼģ
һнʮֻ˽һнƳǱ䡣һнѾʩչˣҲоΣÿζܹƽнÿнʱ򣬶޹
üëͻȻһٻֽһַһֹĹûдɣԲĴս۰ټҽһʽ
ﵱʱͼžεɫأ˵ͷ˵˵
ĸ߲Ĵ壬Ҳͼ壬һ޷磬һҩһأһ㡣
ĸ˱ΪڶСȴֵùע
һܹʮ˸ͨصߣһ翪ţ˴д裬а˸Ƕ߻Ͽ϶ʵʵ߸ڵҲˡֻڣһҪעȻҪҪϴעûʲô顣
ǸڵŷңŷΡ۷߷ֱҶҺҡҶҵҶС죬ҵ衣ҾͲ˵ˣα˽⡣ҶС׾ͱߣ֪͵ϸ²Żʵû
ŷڵһһδһʤÿξֻһУʵҲһֱǸԡ裬˵ɡ
ʲô˵ģƵ˵δһܣʵﵽҶ֪
֪ʲô伥˵
Ҿ֪ĴԴϡЩԴҵϣıá˵ˣ֪ǽҽĵʵ
ĬĿ̾ϢһԴǰ֮󣬾ͱչˡȥҲ֪ʵֻǴӴеĵ⣬Ӧýܴ󡣡
ˣ국˵ˮڣȽһ˵
Ǻ½ȥһΰ̾
ҪڣͱǧڣһСЩˣͲ˵ˡ
ˣͻȻһοǰʲôôڵӵĵȼôֵģ
ںһּӣŵӣŵӣ洫ӺʥӡͫһµĶǼӣͫΪŵӣǼΪŵӣǼΪ洫ӣǼΪʥӡϵ߾ͿԳΪϼ𣬷֮ġ˵ϵ۷塣
ЩμӴȵ߲ȡʲôΣҪһļӡҪΪμܹΪڵһܲ׵顣Ǵȴǲͬ
ÿԴǳ٣ҪźܶӰ˵ĹܹһǧһȻżӵĹȴԵõŵӵĸҪЩӵĸ߳ܶࡣǰǽŵӵĴǰʮ˫ŵӵĴǰ洫ӵĴճΪһ˫˫洫ӵĴ
һԺǽΪŵӣͬҪһʱ䡣һͬҪڵĹڵĹҪȼӵĹࡣǴȴ˱仯ûͻƵǼ߶ŵӵĴҲ˵һϼھ׶νǰڵһûͻƵǼôӵڶֻܹŵӵĴ
ЩѾǼߣڵһͻƵǼ߽ŵӵĴ˫ӴЩߣڵһͻһףһûͻƵǶȡ˫ŵӵĴΪͨŵӵĴ
ͬǣǰЩڵһҲûеõͻƣҲȡ洫ӵĴΪͨŵӵĴ
һһЩµһûȡͻƣҲֻȡ˫洫ӵĴΪͨ洫ӵĴ껹ܹȡͻƣͻȡ
˵꣬ЩǼ߾ݿԳΪŵӣ֮ͱֻҪﵽĸ𣬾ͻΪǸĵӡ
ˣͷ
ǣֻǹʵȴǲͬĴŶǰʮĺܹΪĴ԰˴ľӢǳǰʮȥġ
ţͷҲ˵ǵǳǱʵڵһܹʸǳ𣿡


681 Ҳ
һµʱ䣡Ȼ͵óȥ
ףͷǿ԰ɣ꣬ȥ׼ϣնܹڡ
ãɱ
ص˾Ƶ꣬ͻƵ̫죬ʺϼǳ֮ԼľҲͳòˣǸʱѵʱ䡣
ǾͶɣ
˴ϣͨ翪ʼǰļ죬˳Էϴ裬ʣµʱ䶼ϣܹоڷٵ
˱죬˶ۼġһܹɶʮ˵м䲼һ̨ÿһ̨һ͸Ŀռ䣬̨֪ʲôɵһȼߵ͸סֲʮּӲǼҲ
׽ɱǽʸҲҪɱһ򳡡ÿʱ涨
һСʱڡ
߻֣ܶɲм¼ĵ˭ǻʤߡһ֮ÿ̨ʮһ̨һǧʮʱ佫һߡ
Ʊģÿܹ¶ʮˣƾЩ۵ƱҲʮ־ˡһֿնɱޣڶֿȡĿʯĴźͰ˴ֻƾʮһյӾջ
ıʮֿ˵ڰǧŰٳıȴ˵ڶεıٰʮ
ʱվ̨ĿյϣǽվšеĲѡִʱһ̨Χվţһ߹ۿűһߵŵԼı
ƽǰһ̨ԵĽ˴ʱüɫ裬ΪѾ֪ԼĶ֣ԼЩ֣ǰһѾǰ϶顣
Ҳ֪ԼĶ֣֮ҲһϣԷֻһϼ۷壬ûʲôֵùעġ
ȥ׼ϳˣ˸߲ҵθǣƲƲɱ﷭
УƲ˵ҵĶֻһϼڣҪһл
ҲһлֵܶģҲƲ˵
Ǹֳһ˿ЦݣĶֶһлָܶ⡣
Ȼ̨֮ϵĽһоͻ˶֣һһлֵܶĻǲ١θ᲻ֻǿ˶֮󣬱۾ͨ翪ʼҪ￴Ž̨ͻƵˡıûʲô¾ǿδһ̨֮ܵϣҲûʲôÿģΪĶ̫ʵʵ
εıڵڶٰʮԭʮֿǰкܶ߸ûһСʱʱ;ʤκ̨ܿȻҲǸɾһл֣ܶ˸߲ҵط˻ûеŵ԰һ䣬޾ɵһſȥһ˵ˣ
ˣһ㶣ôˣ
ڵھ죬ɵվʲôͷҲصȥ
ܹô˵һ׷ϳһ˵ܹ￴Щֵĵơ
ƣǿɵһһ˵ǵĶôܹƣ
һǿǿԻǰأβ˵
ҡͷ̾ϢǶûǿ֣Щܹǰǿ֣
γĬһ£Сʵϴ˼˵սè壿
ǰɣ𾪵εôҲǴӣҲҰɣ
ʵͨٷϿֿ˵֮󣬾뷨˽ûһ໥ģЩǳҲҾʹȷè壬Ƕű̵ļһ¶ߡ
Ȼè겢УĴźͰ˴ѡľӢԽ뵽һڵıǾӢôǿǿԾȻһЩ߻
κͽĬһ£Щĵų꣬ѳ꿴Щë㡭
Σˣƶ˵
ΣˣԻ󲻽⡣
ţͷڶսܹèĻ㽫˾ͽʴУգ˵ڽ뵽֮ıУᱻźǿ߶սӶȥϺõΣͬʱҲΪɨϰ
ŶꡰŶһȥ
ˣ俴ֻǡŶһںؼߣɲʵͲţ
ʲôŵģ국˵ҪȡõһЩͻġ
ڡһζס˽ŲؿųıӰһֱȵ߳˴ţ˲νž׷
ȵȡ
ǵȵܳ⣬ȴѾ˷ɳ̫ƽƵȥҲæִһɳų׷˹ȥ
̫ƽƵ꣬ݣٳݣ˳ķ䣬ķſţ˱߽ȥڴʵϴأ
ݣ
νžͽݣѾ˴ϱ۾
ܴĸû⡣βܲ˵һһ˴ϣ̲סʵϴʲôʵ
ʱһľĴ۾һΣֱ۾ȥڨڨһЦˣȰҵʵ˰ɣͻˡǶڡ
ϴҲͻˣҲǶڡһԵĽҲ˵
Ȼ˾Ͷų꣬ȴųĻشȻ󡭡˳
˯ˡ
˵ʱŭˣ־ȥҡꡣ۾һ۵ǣ


682 ɽ
Ƕ˵ˣ㲻˵
˭ϡ˵ˣ국˵аþɨˣ˵˰ֵңҪ˯
ͷܹ˯ʲôʱ򣡡κͽҲóûа취ִ򲻹ֻߺߵҲ˴ϡֻ˰Сʱ˾ɲסˣɴϣСȡһƿǳ֮Ҳ˼ΣȻͿʼ
˯ڲϵһֱڴľ˵ľһֱͻͽԶԶسΪҲΪŸʵľڸ似Զˡ
ǰЩһֱԪ˲ʱ䡣ʵҪ׼еʱ䶼ϡ
ڴϣ۾ͬ˯һԷʱоƵ񽫷ͽ䣬ӴҲչĸ극֮ڽ䣬κĿУϴ۾
Ѿϰ˳״̬֮ǰ;һһ졣ѰһӾ¿ʼζһۣҲȥ
һ죬졭
̲סˣڳһ֮ʵϴƽʱ
ţ۾ͷ羭һһ죡
ǡʵôģδ㵡
֪ϵҡͷ
ٴζһۣЩģ⻹ûˣ˯Ͱʿ˯óˣ
ҲĽʺ޵˵˱˵
λͲˣǵҪ˯졣ڽƤӵ˯˰죬˵ھ죬Ӵȣľﾭ첻ϵѾﵽ˼Ʒڣ൱ߵǰ˼
ˣһȥһ˵Ͻȥģ˯
ڳĽνһ裬ˤ
ʵҲ˵ϵ̨֮ϣûãһȭԷ䵹Ȼص˾Ƶ˴ϣýһҡͷҲûгϵطʳǳ֮ҺʵͻͽУѾʮֽӽǶ۷塣
һѾ¯һ΢ɡֻҪһҲܹ˴壬ѧǿѨ֮һֻܹµµΪ
漴ֽΪľҪʼˡ̨Ϣһ죬һ߷ɵʱ䡣
ֻ˭ȥɣ
ÿʿͶ˽ŵ֮Уһܹһ˿Ҳáֻг꣬ڽεĿȥ۾ýһӡ
ǳɢģƺ춼ȥǩλ֮󣬽α㿪ĵųꡣһĵĶֶǿԼ۷壬һĵǳĶֺǿȻٷϵҲϼ۷壬ȴ·ƽǸ˵ɱ޵ߡ
ֻ˼ˣ
껹һɢɢģýοЦ˼ûеóѡһ׽ɱǧͬҪÿҪһСʱڽ
γǩλʮֿǰ˵ڰ˳ƺǧıУֻгһǿǿԻ˴ߺ͹ڡرЩ־ȡúε߶ڹעⳡҪ·ƽʵ
·ƽѾȴŴҲǴ˾ͽʺͻ֮ŵõҵĹעⳡ˭ʤܹǵʵҲЩڽԲߡ
һְ׳ֵ˳꣬Ŷ·ƽֱӴȡһƷս·ƽһ̨ʱ򣬾þɨ˹ȥֶԷһڵߡ
ԷҲԥȡ˱һѳǰѽһУ·ƽ˶ͬһѳʵˡ
ΧۿɫˣҶǾӢܹӰ˵дһڣǸǼ·ƽֻһ࣬úܶ˸оĶ֡
۾΢΢һУһָоԼҲֻôڻδܹӮ¶Է꿴صĲ·ƽڵʵǴϸо˷񣬴ʱ·ƽһѽ似ԷͬСɡ
ǳҲһˣʹҲ۸ԷϾǳ֮ǳԽߵģ䱬ܹԽս
ǾгɵɽɣϧһƷս
һ죬·ƽ˱ͬһһطɴ˹ܹСģΪٵĳ춼ƿεİӡ߼ٵػ
˻
̨һƬ󲿷һƬ͸Լһûһ˿ʤ
ˡ
һصǹ˼Хһǳ֮سս֮УƷسȡ
һһ˲ײ
顭
ǽײǽըеսȻ飬·ƽһսڱ飬ɽ
һնɽƣ
·ƽӵ˳ȥһɴӽдղס
ॡ
еĽ˳ȥ
ۡ
ѵĵƬ壬͸·ƽڿлһߣݺݵײڱϣȻ󷴵˻ſ˵һѪҺ˳
һƬžÿ˵жڲһƣԼֵܹ
߶ڰҪУȴһЩߵ۾սɢ˳ͷһ촽е˼㲻̫į


683 ָ
һ۵ĽųĿ΢΢һ£漴ž
ļ̨֮Ҳתȥٶයһ롣
ھ׶ܹһаܵеͺٷˣͳһ𿪴һٳֻʮ߸һаܵС
˽Ľ䣬κѾڴſڵˡȻֱ˴ſڣѾõķɳĸ˷ɻ˾Ƶꡣ
˴ϣֻнαһ죬ŴӴܵ˱֮Ҳûȥ
ʱܿȥоԼҹͣջ񣬾ѾҪﵽƷ۷塣ܹͻƵƷڣʵ൱Ǿżߡ
ĵڶֿʼˡνǧٳ֮ǰֻͬǰÿʱӳСʱÿɿԹۿʮСʱҲᱣ죬ùڿùͬʱ׬һʡ
һγĶֻһϼ۷壬ⳡĹעȴܶࡣεĺ˲ٳֱ˵һеǶͬʱóעǣصҲһһǶ
ѵõûڴϣڵǰŶȷҲֵһ
ı˵һ죬ıڵʮڵضһʮһεıڵ죬ıڵ졣
˶еһ˿ѹȻҲͬһ߽֣һʤҪıлһ˿
ͿΪҲֵһ¡ر˵ԣͷһЩŵĽͳ꣬ݺݵرһۣȻ˴
ʲôζųŭˡǰոſڴϵĳץ
ϴȥ
ԣǴһܣ
εؿһۣҲ֪˵ѹЩҪͷš˵ͷĸ̫ƽһ귭óһƷսŽ˵˭
俴һ֮ң
ȡһ󽣣վ˳Ķ档⻹ǳһκͽ佻֣ҲҪʵﵽʲô̶ȡ
ɣ곯Ž֡
ϴ󣡡
ţ
ʵӽǶ۷壬ܲܰʵѹǶڣ
ãͷ
Ͼһϲʵܹ΢߳ˣѹųͷһԼǵ顣һ뵽ǿֲһһڿˮֿڵϴ󣡡
ţ
̨ܲܲսʤ·ƽһ
ãɵͷ
ϴ̫ˡ
ǸˡֻڿռصξѾ˹һͬĿǹѾ˳ü֮䡣
ಡ
һᴩ˳üģһɫޱ䣬ϴ󡭡
һԹۿɫҲˣû뵽ᱻһᴩԴǿ޺磡
ͻȻᴩԴĳ꿪ʼɢˡ
񣡡
ɫһһ䣬ͬһڵһǰ˳ȥͬʱнź󷽷˳ȥгһǳĺ档
飡
˵棬ȻѸתͷȥȻ󣬲ʱаףû׷ֻվ΢Ц
һ죬ղųɱĻԳĪ޷
û뵽Ǿһ֮⣬һĪжٵƣ
һ˽еĳһγ˳ꡣһǳȣһһ಻ع˳ꡣ
ڽ乥ĵһʱĿһû뵽ĽҲ֮巶Χڡֻڳнֻ֮гɾ磬ĽȴҪȳƵ߳١
ǲΣ֮ǴԲ磬ƵƷԷĽȴҲ׵زԷĽơ
ԷĽʽֻаʮһʽԽٶȲӵʱͽʮһʽͷʹβһʽͻȻʮһʽƽȻ½Ƕû⻹ڳѹʵʹɽ£в˲
֪ǿܾó겻ǿ˳̶ȡҪ֪ѹʵҪһЩͲʤ˳ꡣҪѾʹ˽⣬ȴûʹ⡣
ԼǱȫٶȻһʱ򣬳Ҳˣ֮ǰһֱֻǶûг

ĵֻڽĽһ㡣

˫ͣÿһγĵⶼڽĽһ㣬Ĺ켣΢ıһ㣬ûýо˿Ľˮ˳
ǡ
ȵͷʹƽʱо΢΢һ㶣ͻȻоԼƽˡⲻһĿⷺʡ

ܼˣÿĽĽеĹ켣ϸ΢ı仯Щϸ΢ı仯Ľ
ǡָԼ

ָ㽪䣬֮Բֻǿһ齪ĽѾ͸Ȼͨı佪佣еĹ켣
ʶһ㣬̰סе𾪣һһʹƽעű֮ƽĳ켣
ƽʹڰ˱ʱͻȻκˣȻϯض뵽֮С
ڽָοһָ֪Ľ䣬սٷһĽ֮࣬ҲصŽͳĶս


684 
ʵҪ̣ΪսյʱͿˮܸ֮ߣĽˮְֻϵͨ⴫ģҲûм̳꣬źͳϤһʱ֮һĽ
ǽ˳ָ㽪䣬̲סˡԣո£˳Ҳͳкಡһͳ˳꣬һ㽣â˺ưҹ
һ̳ͬһգݺݵĻꡣ̾ε뷨Ҳδ뷨ֻǽᡣ
д½ϵûʲôӡǰѵ򵱳ҪǶд½кӡǾˡд½ײУ̨֮ԭֻǻ·ƽȴһնɱ
д½ϵߣܶɱһͶɱһɱһʵǿߣͶలȫһ֡
ҲҪѣͨѲܹ׵˽д½ͨ˽д½Σžָ㽪Σ˶ǳ˴壬ӦöԳİܴĵλ̫ˡ
ԣҲĵָΣһСʱҲϯضû£ָһȻҲϥڵϣͨ翪ʼ
Сʱ󣬽½ųʩһ
ϴлл
˰֣һˣûȥ˯ˣ
࣬꾿ôģ˯ָܹԼ
ڶ졣
ĵֿʼˡһǧʮеĲ߶ˣǶۿͽıϾҪӮⳡһǧʮֽˡ
ȳȻ죬ĶǵһһǶ꽫Ŀ̨֮ϵ죬Ŀ΢΢һĸо֣һֹ¶ʣĶʱվһǶĶ֣Ҳ˿ӰĹ¶
꽫͸ɨ˫Ȼ֮ɫʱʵڳľչ¶ɣļ۷塣
ûʲôɿİаʵǸǶò˼аɣ
ȻǸһǶǹûͦУͱܣ̨µĹڶЩʧرЩҪǰۿƵߣ׷ҡҡͷȻ㿪ʼȴĳ
һٳСʱ˳ָ㣬ʱĴųһȭͷϴȥˣ
ͣļ
䣬ҪһǧˣСģ˵
ţƺðɣ
һһǶ̨֮߳ϣڶߵĿ⡣ľǸڶǶһɨбһǸֻһǶ۷壬Ӧò⡣
յıˣµȴɣʮһʽƽʹ˵ʮŽԷܡ
˸߲ҵػ̨֮µЩĿ¶ĵĿ˸һ£Ŀ˼
ĸ磬ôˣԵһҵʵ
ǺǡĵЦ˵ĵĽкܴĽ
ڿ˽ı֮󣬻ص˾ƵڴžԳľͲҪȫԸȥֻҪó֮һľͿȫת
ʱķﾲĵģͰᵽͳסһ𣬷ǹ䣬ط㹻¶˾Ҫ꾿ܹ˯ãͲųһֱôһ˯ԣÿʱ򣬶ܵķеĳЦá
ֻǳעûзϣǱδȵľ𺳡⻹ֻһչֳʵԺŵ˵ƾЩһͿԺɨˡ
ʮֵؽԼʵ̫д½ϵ߿ʼĽͻһṩд½ЩɱԶԶϵؽץд½ū
ǳ겻ܹܵĽ
ҪǿҪǿҪǿ߶Ҫǿȴŵֻūۡ
һͻȻһƺڵڶ͵вûʲôļأֻƬֻĲ²⡣ĵҲû̫ǿ֣ȻĻɵģ͵еļض޻ĵ
⾿ô¶
۾ڷĽΣڿھǲЩ磿᲻ǵĻɣ
ʱ򣬽ҲظоĿǣ˱۾˳ꡣ京Цʵ˯ˣһΪһ˯أ
һ˯أЦ
ô۾ˣʵ
˼һ£ðգЩŪбһֱ޷ȡǱӴ䣬ΣӦѾҶܲ˽⡣
ξһϴҪǽ׷׵ͷĿ¶֮ɫ
ױ㱻ʦɽ֮Уʦÿ̸֮⣬ʲôҲҡҲ֪磬⵹ܹרĵǰʦȥ֮ҽ뵽ŷ־Ȼ˵ľʣͬʱҲ˵İܹҽ𣿡
ųĻиֳһ˿̾ϻܲ˵һñһʧյȴҲʧȥɫʡڻɳǴӵǱģȫûпܡ˸
֪ʲôʵ
ȸ˵˵д½Դɣ¶ź֮ɫ


685 ǿǿԻ
㶼ֵ֪ʵ
֪ʦû˵ҡͷʵҲ֪һЩֻҪͷµĻ⡣
ⲻ֪ʦһˣһ䣬㿪ʼд½Դͳ֪ûʲô𡣴佲֮󣬳΢΢üͷ˵ķԴأ
һͷ
νĩվռͨ
ǣ
ûں͵ͬʱ򣬻ص򿴿һ˿š
ûҡͷݹഫһʮԪʮϡĵطûʲôɿġ
ٴüͷżȻһЩ߳ŷɴŵķȥ
βмһЩ߶һЩûм屳ߣһðšǰҪܷܲһЩϡеԴҲܹץһЩ˻صūۡ
ûмŵǰ𣿡
ôУǿ׳һؿų˵źʹ壬СҲȥǲ˷ʱԴһҷɴɵҲҪܶʯġ˵д½͵Ҳǵһͨݼأڵһͨʱ򣬵ЩȥǾһƬĵط֣ͫЩֻǹۿһҲм־ͻˡ
ֻЩûκαðŲŻȥһúõðҲȥһЩòðţţм䵽СҲȥҪȥûʲôҪ֪д½ҲΣأмкܶǿޡ
ԺܶðŶ·ϣܹðҲûʲô棬ƶܹӵʲôϡԴϡԴǵǸﻹҪ뿪
ҲץһЩ˻ūĿǰд½ϻŵ˵ĺᣬǵץĵ˵ĺ
ʵҲÿͨĿʼǰȥðգȵûʲôֵֻᣬ㲻ǰȥÿͨǻһЩȥǱðһ
΢£ȴܹȫ¡Ȼд½ϵЩߺܿ򣬲мǰ򣬵ǱϾЩðǰġҾƾЩðŵˮƽҲ޷Ӧ
Ҫʵֻʵǿˣܹ򣬱ˡȻܹ÷룬ǲİȫ
䣬ĩû⣬ǲϰߡЩܾû糹׷ֿͨ
ȻƵ˵һֱŬЩܣкܶѧҶһֱڲ¡ѣҲ֪һֱûʵ֡
һȻ޾ɵذ˰ֵˣǼ˯
˵˴ϣ۾ضһֿۣʼ
˵죬ȥαġεĶҲһǶҪεʵ΢һһսҲѵ˱
죬ս߾˺ܶ࣬ΪҲûǿǿԻıûж˹עһϼ۷ͳϣ˭֪ǽһ
ҲûйҵֻɽСɾһл˶֡ıʵǿķ׷׻ʵģûбĺ
Ҳк¶˽ŸͳƣһǴ̨ĿǰΪֹһаܵеֻʮˡ
֮󣬾һǧʮߣȻջܶʱϵںһʤʮ˾ܹǰǧߡ
꣬εİȽϿǰںΧ֮ڡڽһǽ
ûȥǲӦȥעıǶ˾ƵڼֵһǣõͻˣѾ̼ߡǲ֮ǰȱԴǳ֭Һİʵͻͽ
һʱйȥϣĸ˳극֮󣬴˵Կʼ鿴ıϡ
콫о׶εĵֱʱѾһǧһǧҲᱻ˴
һǧ׽ɱٳÿֻһٳΪ֡ûʱƣҲ˵ÿ̨ÿֻһ˫ֱֲܹܶʤмǵ
һֳĶһһߣ꿴֮Цеذѵø˽Σֱ۾
ǲһͱָͷͰ߹۾㿴˽ͬЦе
Ķϼ۷壡
Ŷֱ۾
߹ֱָͷͱһ£ò۾
㡮Ŷһʲô˼
ٴα۾Ҳȥǵıˣ
һƨ˴ϣĳļϴһп㰡
ʲô㣿¶ȤղֻǿԼĶ֣ûȥעߡ
һֱǿǿԻ裬ģŷΣҶС죬֣購ĶֶǵһǶߡ
ޣľˣӴǵ̶һ죿
ҶСڵһ졣ڵڶ죬ŷκ֣購ڵ죬ڵ졣
Ҫȥඣ
ֱڱʿҶС˱ܵ͵ϲ鷨˶սģܹһǧˡ
ҶСأױߣû֪ȥҲû˼֡Դ̨ʼͺͳһһаܵУ˿ĵϸ
˵ǿҶСıǿıЩƵʵ


686 ½
ûдǽԼľֳ˹ȥҶСʵóһȻ弶ʵȴֻʵ
겻ҡͷֿҶСʵˣĶȷʵһǶһоͻȥǹҪһЩơ
һ죬һ̨ϵͬʱսȻҶСһаܵУһ䶯갵̾ϢһȫûпҶСϸջ˾ʼעꡣ
ȻˣѾԲ磬ֻƾһ׺ͨĽڵʮϾͻ˶֣˽ǰʸ
ڶıЩƣҪʵıҲڵڶ졣һбе֮󣬷Ҳһаܵнս
һֻͳһоͻʤܵעĳ̶ȴԲһܵĹעҪࡣΪһаܵУһбеСһ·һֱһбеУǺ˾㶼
ǱŶɱһ壬ͶһݰȫԷǺϵһⶼһնɱЩϧûн˾ͽʺնɱǸʱȱǮû취ֻдǵեȡʯ
ڳĿֳӪһӪΪ̫ɱ߲ǰ;һӪΪɱϣ߲ܹߵøԶ
ǣô˵ıעˣ
ⲻ
ոһصƵ꣬Щԥؿų꣬óЩþ㳯һ۵л˵ƨͷţ

㲻˵˵εֱˬǰһֱ˵ϴ󣬽Ҵ󲮰ҽȥˣûмĴ㣬̸һ⡣
ֱӷһ۵ֲǲ֪Ҫڣ
ҾǴˣʹ绰ؾ󲮣һߣһͳ˵绰
Ҳȥ绰ʶˣֱȡ˵绰˳ȥ
Сӱ˵ȥҪڣ󺰡
֪˵洫˻
ӣ˻ˣǵ󻹸һˣǸ˼㺬Ц˵СѣҶҵҶ졣Ҳ֪˼֮ǰȥѰ㣬ֻ㲻ڡ
ӴΪҶһ裬ȻǸ˵ҶǰڴȽ֮ǰҲ뿼Ǽκһ顣
Ҷ˼һµСѣھҶңǷܹǰһҶҶǰһĸΣ
ûֻǺЦҡͷҶҲûЦ־Ҿ͵֮󣡡
Ҷ֮Ҳ½½ǰ˾ͽҺҲǰл
졣
ǰۿŷκ֣購ıҲһڽεıûȥע˶ֶϼˣһͷֳ־ע֣購ŷεϡ
֣購ųƱչؿʵڳľ¶ɣȻزǰױյģʵΪļ۷塣ʵŷθȤȻδһʤҲһ⡣
һ죬ʼ
֣һչؿû̽һ˵һ˴ǹһоʹȫԷ̨֮ϡ
ŷó۽磬ʵȫռϷ磬ԷֻһǶߣȴ弶۷ߣȴйоصʹʮʽһ˶֡
ǵ͵𣿡
һԸʹȻǾ;һ֮ˡ
졣
ǰȥעĴ罪ġľһɨ㰵Եͷĵʵͬﵽ弶۷塣
˳Ҳû˼עľԿһлܶ֡ҲȴˣĲ˿ػǸǶҡҡͷǿǿԻʵЩǶ̫ˣ
ҲЩƣûпʡһ뵽ԼѾǰ¶˿ĵЦݡ
ôˣڻȥ·ϲʵ
Ϊʲô˰ЦǺǵ˵Ѿѡڵʸˡ
ӵؿһ۵ֻǻʸ񣬾ͲǰǽڵĴǲһ
ҵȻ֪㬵˵ҪҪһϴҽƨǿ
ҡҡͷҲһֱƵ귿䣬˵Ȼû׷ǲ˯
䣬˴ȥıûȥεȥˣҰҲˡ
һýıȷʵûʲôɿģһҲоԼľ˹ؼʱ̡ڽǻ֮ǰľ˼Ʒ۷壬൱Ǿż۷ʵ
ǳҲ֪һҪܳʱȥۣΪٵһĹؿƷļĹؿһڵĳкСؿ
˻ˣҲζŵֱˡһĶսһСʱڹϡ
ĸ˽˾Ƶ񣬳˷֮󣬱һ˵ǰ¼
ǸѰԼĶ֣γһ˿˷ܣĶǵһһڡη˻˵ãĶһڡ
֪˸ԵĶ֣˿ʼ鿴ûǿǿԻһ鿴˵۾һأ죬ԵһڡǿٷϣغԴƣ˽εĽܣôŹٷϣ
׽ɱܹжʮУÿһٳÿ̨һ
һ죬꣬ȫغ콫ڵڶԣһıߵĿⶼעڳϡ


687 һбе
һбеУǺǣܹһбе𣿡
ҿôԷǿҲᳬļɣ
˶ߣԷʱҲڣڡЩҲԶߺƵеĴꪣꪼָŶĳȵһбеУŹˣ
ƽʵûбҪسƷսʵ۷塣ʵгɽһеû˿⡣
졣
ȣ
ԷԾƽУͬһ֧һش˳ꡣ
٣࣡ȴˣ
һն˳ȥ·һɽ塭
顭
ɽ顭
ַɳһɴ˳ŶԷ˫ķӿȥ
ۡ
һѪʮսƬ
ۡ
֮䣬ᴩɸӣʬӿصˤ̨
һƬžȻֻǽһУɢϢȴЩۿ߿ʮ˵ʵʵǴﵽ۷塣
ٷϵϼʵʵȴ۷壬Ȼô࣡Ȼ
ȻͽĵҲֻĿһҲͻָƽֻ۷壬ǲ£϶ԼԶ˳ꡣ뵽ΪΪƵ꽫ԼУǱ㸡һ˿⡣
̨Žε̨ȥ˴ʱѾȫռϷ磬ĵؿǽϣĬĬعע˵ı
ĿڳϣͬûзһֻǹעŽεıӵʱ䣬κͽ׷սʤ˶̨֣ų˹ûܵǰξ˸߲ҵغϴǽˣ
ɫһͣתȥ߱߶Խ˵߱ʶ
˭ҸͲʶҲڳ
ǡ
ڶ졣
꣬׼ʱȴűĿʼÿһѾʼ̨ߵĿⶼۼغϡ
Ķֶڡľ˹ȥӹһ˿΢ЦȻʵ͹ٷϲͬ˶ļڡʵҲʤ֡ȴ߳Ǻܶ࣬Ӧ¶һЩơ
һȣɵվ͸һϢһСߣ˫ֵʹпһ
졣
һ̨˺ص̨֮ϣɵɵվȴŶԷĽ̨֮ϣ쵹ȶˡ
һСӰŶԷӶȥԷһĸߴ׳ʹһѾ޸СӰ¶һ˿м޸𣬲ûȥնŶײ˹ȥ
̨֮ϵͻȻʧˡٳֵʱѾǸ׳Ȼֱ̨֮ȥ
Ǹ׳ʺȻѪǰ̨ȥͨһˤ̨֮ϡ
üëһԼ֮֮񰡡ͻȻһ⣬Žʵ䣬ɱҲӦһбеаɣôһһһбееĳƺţ
ǺǡЦ֮ǰļˣ֪췢ʲô񾭡ҲǱϴŴ̼ˡ
ֿһ죬һ˿衣⻹ĵƵĻҲûʮְڲʹþսʤ
С˵һɱ֣
Ŀ˻ءһأҲһصǾ˰ʮУҡҷͬǷѰݡ
غҲɣǸ߸صһšصȲͣػϡ
žžž
˾Ŵ֮󣬶Էͦסˣ䣡
ذɣ
ػʤҲûпȥ˼Ž䣬κ˾Ƶꡣ𾪵ǣγûȥ˯Ϸ
ôˣЩĵʵûмˡ
Щգ̨ǿȸ߾ȹ˼Ʒ۷壬ҲҪһЩܹҲܹʲô
ѵ˯
УøϽߵľȶԽԽǿˣþûаա
䣡̫ƽǸû޿ԣɽ㣬̫Զˣûиģ
УͷǺХɭ֣޵ȼûɽߣҲûɽ޵ȼҲǾżģҲһֻǼģҲһź͸ΪĵطȻźͼӵأͨһǼģͻ̱źʹնɱǼޡ
Զ
ԶɳҲһСʱ·̡
ţվɣҪȥһ¡
𰡣һվһȥ
ҡͷȥҪҸոͻƲõľһ£һԴǾͲȥˡ
һˣ˼ҳǲҪԼ˱ڨڨЦŵͷ
뿪˾Ƶ꣬һɳһСʱ󣬽˺Хɭ֡
һХɭ֣ȡһƷսֱɭȥѰ弶ޣ弶޲һʱ򣬱㿪ʼѰޣ߼ޡ
ɱһҹѪϥһô˹Ϣһϵļɱ¾߾ȫȶ弶ڡ


688 ǿ
е΢¶֮󣬳վ׼ʹþƷľʹʮ˱ɽʹʮ˱ɽźХɭȥ
Хɭڵˣһ·ɱ˹ȥЩǾżҲ޷ֵķɽķɽڴʦôͷֵƶɣҪ֮ǰķɽ֪߳ٱ
һɱɱڣ΢ʧ
˷ɽʱĺХɭֶ޵ĺĴģǶɱ¾ɱˣһβͶ˳Ѩ֮У˵УҴһ
Ϊ̫ƽǽʮһĴȣ߶ȥۿʢȥˣûԡȵȽ֮˷ָ߽޼¾һգ֪ʲôɫ
겢ûżȥֵ֪ıѾˡеĲǵֱڵֺ͵֮һһ߽׽ɱ̭ʮµֻжߣپǿ
βٺһŻȥȻߺ;õȶҪǼˡҪڶʱڵõͻƣȻֻһ취ǾǷʳǳ֮Һ
뵽磬ЩС͵ǳ˳ʼСĿʼ÷ɽףһǳ֮Һ֮󣬳꽫һǳ֮ҺŽһԹڣȻڳȥ
Ѿжʱû⣬꿴ǳʱһ󼤶ȡһƬ֮ɿУȻ֧Թȡ˳һǳ֮ҺС˲˿񱩵ǳ֮
ϥգתǳʱ䣬ǳǳ֮ųӵ
жʱЦѡԼ֪ǳ֮Һ񱩲ѣΪʲôҪܵ
֪ǳ֮ڵǳ֮ҺйԼܲ
̲ܲ˵ȡ˰Ƭ֮У޸ٶȻǸϲǳ֮ĳƻѸٵ겻֮²޸ٶȫǳ֮ƻá
˴ʱſʼһһǳ֮뵽д죬һһ飬Ȼͽ
һֱ˵ڶ죬ŽһȻûõͻƣȴʵһ弶۷ƽ
ûлصƵ꣬ǻص˺Хɭ֣Ȼֿʼǳȡǳ֮Һһֱȡһ죬еǳһΣеΣеΡһܹջʮΡ
ϣһη⿪ʼγһҹʱܹʳǳ֮ҺȻĻв֮ó΢⽵ٵʱͻƵ弶۷塣
ɻ˾Ƶ꣬СʱҪеֱˡҴҵϴһ裬һ·Žȥ
һ·Ͻų˵ŵֵı
ֵıһڽγ꣬εĶֶǿĶһһεĶǶڡ˶ɱǿ
γ裬ͽĽԵһĸߣǴҹעĶ
˽ĽܣĸҲ˲ãһ𣬴ҷ׷׵̨
ոյ̨߾Ϳ䣬Ϊ˵һʤɱǿߡ
̨֮󣬳꽫ų裬ͽ˹ȥƤӾһͳ軹ˣǸŮӳ㾹Ȼ۷塣ĵʵҲͬ˵شﵽ۷塣
ûʲôÿİĸ˵ǿƣǵĶָǲһ
˷ܰǺǡ
Ȼ裬ͽĸɾػ˶֣ǽ˷һʱ䣬˽Сʱʱ˶֣ɱ˰ǿ
ɫżЦݣ굹ɫءǽͼûעɫһֱص˾Ƶ꣬βע⵽ɫ
ϴôˣǽǿ˰
ͷǽ˰ǿֵļҲʼӴ˲еĸ֣ͲҪǿ
εֳ˲֮ɫػҪƴһƴص¶ЦݵҪһʱǶõôǳޣֻҪ뵽֮ǵΪһͻͽǸʱٻͷЩܹǵˣѾǵĶ֡
εɫÿһЩȻЩʣҲ֪ʱðյʱ̡òӵ˽ڵĻᣬ̨֮Ǿźˡ
ϴ㡭һ
Ȼ국һЦһһʵ
εؿ˳һ̨ۣ񣬳궼һбеУǽûһбеҲΪԷ䣬Ȼ֪ʵʲôΣȴܹȷǿĺǿ
ǻɣ
˴˵Ե½ʾ˳ʮһĿȻüͷ΢΢һ壬Ķ죬Ǹض¶ߡ
ϴ󣡡ֵָָ˵ıǼھһƲ⡣
ţ¶˺֮ɫ
ܿǵ˵ĺᡣ
˵ĺ᣿һ
ǵӵץūĺᣬ˾ķֳҲγһӴȺ壬ǼƫԶĴ档˵ﶺ˺ܳһʱ䡣
꽫һ𾪰ȥʼ鿴սνĶ޷磬εĶҩĶأĶǺ㡣ı˫ʵ⣬ûйעıҪ
ǺǡεڶСǿ֣֪᲻ᱻ𣡡һֻģ


689 Ի
ڶ졣
ĸʱ򣬷Ѿȥʮ̨ʱֻʣʮ̨ʮѡֽһбԡξԻʤʱ˳
ʱվ̨֮Ŷ졣Ѿ˾Էǲǵ˺ᣬֻǻܶԷ
ʵļ۷壬ҲԼʵļڣֻ׼ʹСɾս׼ȫʵǿԷѹơ
һսȽǰʮǿ֮ͽĿ˳ꡣ
ţĿһ㶣ʵˣļڣϴλصʵǲ֪ļǲʵСӡ˼
ŷΣĵһЩֲǿ߷׷׽սĿ㶼˳꣬Ϊʱֻг̨֮Ͻս˫ʵΪǿ
һһ죬ȹ̵طšĿȴһ˿⡣ıȻ֪ɽơеƷսûб飬ֻʹСɾɽԻ󲻽⡣
ǣ˵ɣȴƫƫʵѹԼȫһееķ񰡣ѵ
Ŀһ
ѵǲɱңֻҪң
Ϊʲô
ʱĵʽѾʹ˵ڶʮһʽȻһֱСɾ磬һһȴԽԽ콥ظоԼֲ֧סˡʱѾûбҪˣ飬Ҫ֣Ǿǲ֪ô
ȻصʵͲͬˡǣûչʾʵʵ
䣡ϵؿڡ
յֵã
˼ų꣬촽䶯˼£û˵ʲǫ̂Ҳ뿪̨Žε̨˹ȥʱκͽѾռϷ磬ʤֻʱ⡣
裬ŷΣĵ˽Ŀ˻аûһбеУ˶ʮһʽ䣬ļڵʵˣʵѾֵҹעˡ
վһעŸ̨ϵ״յڶСȫֻûֻˡηֱսʤ˶֣ʮǿ
ڳԽ˵ȻؾƵɣе顣
û˿ԥ̵ͷ˵ǲҪţҲҪзִ硣ֻΪݵĲͬ˵磬ҡ
˰ֵҲϽȥɣץʱսǼ
ǣ磡
һɳȥҲһɳ̫ƽƵȥֱڴʦǼ̵̡ĻƶѾʶ˳꣬ÿƶ֪ڴʦԳǳãһԳ¶Ц٣ڴʦ
Цǣġ
ŶɫһȻ¶ЦݵٳЩʲô
ֻһЩ޵ʬ壡
΢Ѱ˼һ£ڴʦصˣȻó۵ƷҲܸߣҲܶ࣬ԼƺЩЦ˵٣
ţ
ͷŻϵ˶¥һ֮¡Ǹָһ裬Ȼ˳ȥһһŶ볯ų깰ֵ٣ܹܽС˵ҪһЩ޵ʬ壿
ţͷһµеС
е۾һҲעųһеСʹԷǼߣ˵۵ҲǼֻһֻҪ࣬Ҳһʴ¶Цݵ٣ȥֿ⣡
ںХɽɱ˺ܶޣЦźҪʯЩ޶˵ҲûʲôãһｫЩʬۡ
뵽ֿ֮󣬳ǽ弶޴˳弶ɱĲֻֻ࣬
ֻһӳ޴Ҳռֿʮ֮һе۾һ弶޵ȼҲˡѸٵؼһµ٣ֻ弶ǳǧƷʯ
ãͷЩ޵ļ۸Ѿʮ˽⣬弶ÿֻһǧƷʯܹƽ
Ӧһֻֽ٣ͨÿŸңҰʯת㡣
һ֣һƵʬ弸ֿÿһ϶ͷǿѪ
ޣһ˳һۣаʵǿİδȵĵһܾܿˡ
̿ʼһһ߽ȻԳ˵ܹʮ˸ޣÿֻҸһƷʯܹʮƷʯ֮ǰǧ飬ܹʮǧ顣
ţͷһӣֳֿһ޵ʬ塣
߼νЩԾˣǶЩ޳ԾΪһ̵ܹܣʲôƷûмǶԳʵԾܿػָƽֿʼȡޡ
֮󣬸Ҫڣ꿪ڵ߼޻һЩ
䣬һһʬڲֿĵϡɫŹֵؿһ۳ֿ꣬ʼ֮ų𣿡
߼ľЩˣ
еһ㶣߼ľʣЩˣѵϻа˼ģѸٵؿʼۣ٣ܹʮ߼ޡÿ߼޵ļ۸ʮƷʯʮܼ߰پʮƷʯ֮ǰʯܹ˰ٶʮǧʯҸո˰ٶʮƷʯ
ллͷȻִȡʮֻǰ˼ʬ˵ϡ
Ȼа˼ޣ̽ʮֻ٣ǰ˼ÿֻһƷʯʮֻܼһǧ˰Ʒʯ֮ǰܼΪǧٶʮƷʯ
ţͷʮֻоżȡ˳


690 ʵ
νеɫЩˣ̽ʵ٣Щ޶ɱģ
ĬȻûгҲûзϡҲ׷ʣһ߽ʮֻǾżһѰ˼ţһҪŻ㱨Ҫǰ
٣Ǿżʬһǧһֻʮֻһڡ֮ǰʯܼΪһǧٶʮƷʯ
ã
걨ͨÿĿţкܿؽʯת˹ȥ͵֮󣬽̻ص˰칫˵绰
겻֪ЩʱкǻϲһڶƷʯԼҲˡ
ţˣԼʱóһЩ׺ۣ˵ȥХɽֵġԣŹȥڴʦȥսʱ򣬾ڴʦοԶһЩҪ׼һ¡
ûİװԶòƿӡ׼ڴʦһЩһ߽꣬꣬һʵҪЩʲô
ҪʵĴӣ
ͺŵģ
жͺŵģ
óִӰ˳ǰдСͺš
ɨһۣͺŵĴܹװһٽ׵ģͺŴܹװʮ׵ӣСͺŴֻܹװʮģЩƵ÷ǳãÿӵǰڶн͵һһӿϣʮʵȥ졣
ʲô۸񣿡
ִһƷʯһǧ͵ĿǧС͵Ŀǧ
Ҳýۣж٣
ʲô
ִж٣
ƵڴӾȱ˿ϲ˿ͻе˼ҪȫչһԼŲٵɡ
Եȣ
ܵ˵ǰûẓ̇һ̧ͷСͺŴӿһǧһЩ
Ǿÿͺһɣ
ãҴȥ
Ǹ˺ĿⷿһӣڻƵİ£ܿʮʼᶯӡ
긶ʮ߿ƷʯЩӶǸƸ˵ӣи̾Ǹ磬˶డҲǣʮ߿ƷʯĳǿϣǻʯҵĻҲ١
ҪҸطװ׺ۣɴҲؾƵˣǹһɳְ˺Хɽ
ոЩԾᵽ˳ϢʱХɽһҷ׷ӻ˳Ѩס˺˲ХɽһƬž
㶵ؿǰһУϿЦá
ֲɱ޵ģѰһɽȥХɽڵĿɽ̫ˣΪɽˣЩ޶ɱˡ
뵽ɽдʯɽϡʵ£Ҳû޸ҹǳ껹ʮֽһ֮󣬳뵽硣
ȻͿʼװ׺ۣѾˣʮ׻߰棬ڴʦļ۸ܹõһǧƷɾ׼ڴʦʮٽװĴ׺ʮٽװۣ˵ԼںХɽѰġ˾ܹõʮƷʯʮƷʯҲǧƷʯڴʦӦòںɣ
װʮ׺ʮ֮󣬳ֿʼ÷ɽǳջʮ˵ǳ֮Һ󣬳뿪硣
̧ͷյ΢Ѿʧȥ˼һҹ΢¶֮ǰ̫ƽǡ
ص˾Ƶ꣬ԡҡѾֲˣڳʱѾ˷ˣһ߳һߴ˵ԣ鿴ŽĶ
ʣʮѡ֣սһĿȻĶǹꡣһǿĶ֡Ķ裬ֲýһƣȴһֱ죬ԭĶһǶڣʵ¡
ѡֳ϶Ѿ۲ˣ軹ûй۲졣Եһ֮Ƚ˹ȥоһֲһֱδһܣʵȻﵽ߼۷塣
ʱѾֳȥ˶ʮ̨ټֻʣ˶ʮ̨ʱվ̨֮ŶĹꡣڳĿ֮ʣ̿ڵ䣡
귴̨һ̨ؿ˳һۣתȥƵųļʵ̫ȷġ
̾ϢһҵûôֻСӴأһǰŵûûˣֱơ
һ㶣̶ȻʧЦ˲ɽĿε̨̨֮ϵսʮּңβûռƣƾС
ʱţһεǳȻϵ󣬲Ҳûж˹עҪע߶̭ˣṷ̂ҲûбҪע΢ƻ˶Է뵽ǰʮǿ
ƣ˽ǰҪ˵ʲôȴһӴˡ
Σ˵ôƴʲô㴳ǰʮ壬ѵܹǰʮǰʮõ˴Ǻһûмôɵģ
Ŷϵĵһӽסˡ
۹
̲סЦ͵͵سŽ˴Ĵָһɸֵģϴߣɵһߣݶ
ããЦźͽ䣬ȥӺ洫ҧгݵ䣬Ǽʡ
УʲôüʵģͷҲص˵ͱ̭ˣ
ȻڵڶһּУʮ׽ɱʤǰʮʼǰʮֱб̭ˡ
һĶ죡Ǹļڣɱֵꡣ


691 ޵VS
ûȥۿĶսʱһս֮ĶǸ֡
ֻʮ̨ʱʮ̨֮϶վ˶ս˫꽫ʵļڣˣҲ֮ļڣͶԷһǶ죬ȴСġ
һ죬ȡƷսгɽƿ
ͻȻʧˣ֮֮Ҳ˲ʩչ̨֮ʧ
̨֮ϳӰһȻȻһ˲䣬ĵƱŷ˳
飡ɽ
ε˳ȥڰоͱһʬ塣
Ǳ߸ոջֵܶɫһ㶣о˳ơ
ļڣˣ
軺̨Ŀͬʱ̨ĳ꣬˵Ŀڿ¶һ˿΢Цڴһսϣ㲻Ҫ̫类̭
Ը
˱˴˲ҵĵطȥŽ䣬κȥγų˴Ĵָϴ̨Ϻݺݽѵ裬øӣ
귭һ۵֪ʲôʵ𣿡
֪۾ͻȻһϴ֪
ţͷ
ɫһ㶣̶Ӧ˹ǾߣʵͣȻܹʵǴյ˳ĸǰѹʵϴʲôʵ
߼ڣ
δҲһĴ͡죬ʵϴ㡭
þӦܹսʤ衣ãղ󡣡
ǡ׼áǲã
Ѱ˼һµˣЩΪãѾܹڡ
ǡϴ㲻Ҫһ𣿡
һߵݾȥᣡ
ĬȻƬ֮󣬽˵ϴľûй֮ǰһὫ˵ȥʹҵļ塣
ҲǣҲ˵
һ½Сʱʮǿʳ¯
裬߼ڡ
ģ۷塣
㣬۷塣
ŷΣ弶۷塣
弶۷塣
޵У弶۷塣
裬弶۷塣
£弶۷塣
꣬弶ڳ۷塣
ҶС죬弶ڡ
˳֮⣬µľǿȫԵһ͵ڶ򡣴ܹһ͵ڶǿơȻȴһһ˵һ͵ڶߵ¡
̾ʵеĹڴʱڹעꡣ֪жٽˣûй߽ʮǿˡʮ֮ڣǰʮǿһ͵ڶ¢ϡǽʮڵһɱʮǿ
ǳ꣡
ǶڿҸʲôоڿЩҲڿЩë
ΪԵݴʮǿ֮ǰǰʮǿǱһ͵ڶ¢ϡ
꣬ͣ
̨һͻȻغźܶ߶ʼزֹǵߣӵ򵽵ڰĹڶʼǿߵһ͵ڶЩߵĸܾ߰ˣһڵһ͵ڶɱǰʮǱȻذѳ굱ǵĴ
꣬ͣ
꣬ͣ

ԽԽǰʮǿڵŸ˳һۣϽ͸ɱ⡣һѾǵһ͵ڶǰʮǿ¢ϣǾԲܹóǰһֻҪǰһǾǶǵһ衣
ϴˣ˷ܵ˵
ϴ󣬶սˣһԵĽͻȻ˵
ͻȻ˵ĿⶼŴĻȥ
Գ衣
ҶС졣
ĶԳ
ŷζ¡
޵жԳ㡣
Ϣ죬ķʽҲ仯峡һʼֻһ̨һһУûʱơ˳ȴǰʤʱ䳤ŶȻΪֵĲͬЩƽǸ֮Ҫսġ
һ޵жԳ㣬ڶǳԳ裬ҶС죬ĳŷζ£峡ǽĶԳ
֮󣬾ý˻ؾƵֱ꣬뿪̫ƽǣ뵽˺Хɽҹʱ佫Լʵ弶ڡֻߵʵĺѹ
ҹʱطǳ֮ҺͲ֮ڵͻƵ弶ڡڰʱֻص̫ƽǵľƵꡣ
ûʳȥֻĿⶼ˹Сҹóʮƣͽ˴һкҴҵϴһ裬˴ϣĺ˯
졣

裬ģŷΣ裬㣬޵У£ҶС죬ʮڸ̨֮ϣĿ
һ죬һʼˡ
޵кͳӸ̨Ϸһ޴̨ȥ˫˫̨֮ϡ֮䶼ʶ̨֮Ҳ໥ͨ޵ֱȡһԴ󴸣Ҳȡһϸ
޵У弶۷塣㣬۷塣ӾϿƺһףʵȴࡣ΢΢ֱӣ˫Ŀ΢΢

ڶ𣬴ĻϼʱѾʼ
ʱζҲ໥̽޵дųȥÿһ̨ڲĲַǳĴֻǼͱƽ˳㣬͵ƾڸ̨֮ϵĳ˶ܹоõ
޵߳ףʮ׳۳ʮ޵жԱȣǸһŮҰ޵ĸо
ǣزɱ״УйڳԾǳȴȳˡеǰϸ޵еǶԴ󴸱ͬһһ㣬ȴŴƿХ޵С
޵нִųĽײ˹ȥ


692 

һ죬е˶⡣ֻһ٣޵еȴ˳
Ŷ
һ˭Ҳû뵽Сܹ˵
̨֮ϵĿһС
۷壡
ĴźߴĿⶼ˳ҼҼֳ˵Цݡ
̨֮ϵѸٵضһеĹ¶֮ɫ
еһϸͬشϸƫƫ̳ƿհĺ
顭
ÿһͬһ㣬ֱ˵顣
޵е޴ȴƫƫûһ˿ƿͬУͬɣųȥ
·ž޴޵ȴһϸһ㡣ʵȴ෴˵ıʼûײһ𣬿ùۻҡ
һʮ룬˫ıײһ

һһ

˫ıܼײ޵е˫Ҳ޴Ǻƿÿһװϸȴɷƿ֮ʾغͶԷľ޴ײ

Ķײ޵еڽر

޵еִ㵴һ˿϶һϸͬһش˿϶д˽ȥݺݵش޵еš
˵ĶһЩľһЩĹڶվһ

һ죬޵е
飡
ڵһ壬̨֮˲Ӱͬһֻޣ֧ų˹ȥֻ֮·飬ȴû˿˺ۡ
޵еķһ
ĿҲһҲ֪޵еķȴû뵽΢΢һ˲䣬޵еִѾҵĸǰһֻֻ޴ӭ˹ȥ
ҼɫһҼȴ¶Цݡ
ۡ
ֻһ죬ûмеѪĳ棬ֻͬһƬһƮ˳ȥ
飡
˫̨һ壬˺Ӵһ̨ҡΣͬһڵһس˿еĳ㣬һ˫ƿһĺųȥ˫δĸǰѾһͷ㷢ø߸
ಡ
ڿһưƮ˳ȥȻͬһһع޵С

ڿеӰѾֻܹһϸͣش޵еǰأÿһͬһط
޵ڸտʼںǱϸͣشǰأֻǻһ˫׷ųȴÿÿгĲӰһӰ飬ȴûһ˿½ǡ
޵еĶںˣ˫ҲٹȫǰĴȴǱϸȻһһشǰأͬһط
޵еֳ˻ңǰһ㿪ʼһ׵㣬һ˿Ѫ
䣡
޵һε֮ڿ䣬δӿ䡣޵ɫ԰ףĿη壬Ҵҵ̨
Ÿ߿еĴĻȥʮһֶʮ롣ֻʮһֶʮͻ˷ǿ޵Сĳͳѹ
̨ϣҼã¶˿ĵЦݡһԵŷһ̨ĳͳǸ겻ҲǳҵӰɣ
ǣǺЦ˵ҵϣǣȻضУҲǽǰʮߡ
ͳվ̨֮ϣԶ
꣬弶ڡ
裬弶۷塣
踩ӵؿŶĳ꣬ɫư˵꣬ճķϣԸΪҵʹӣҽԲɱ㡣
شǳȡһƷսĵıƷսѾƷս
˱Укεֳɱ⡣ȡһ󽣣ָ˳ꡣ
ҳȫ㣡

һЦһбеУޣ
겻ԲԪ弶ڣǰûнʵ弶ڣǳ֮аջ弶۷ĳ裬οʹгɾɽ
һն·һɽŶĳѹ˹ȥǰ趼һԹۿ꣬ԳʶҲͣļڡԳ꣬ŸоһĿ¡
ǡ
һѾһܽǶȣֻܹӲУһ󽣴еų˹ȥ
ֻҪ
ֻҪܹסһһĵƣͿ
ǡ
֮ǰ̫߰ˣ߰ûʱǿķ
顭
飡ɽ
ֻʣһӵ˳ȥѾͬɸһӿѪ
ҼȻվ
飡
ʬصˤ̨֮ϡ
̨֮ϵĿһͬʱһͷ
ʵˣļڱ弶ڣһصúļ޾
飡ȻվĿѣ꣬ұɱ㣡
국ؿһۣδ̨֮Ϸ𣬻ص˸̨֮ϣԼλ¡Ŀͬڿһˡ˶Υڸ̨֮϶Գ궯֣ǵĸ׳Ҽ
˵Ŀ˸߿ϵĴĻ
룡
ֻӾͻ˳裡
һбеУ
ߵһ飬ĿýǴڷŭ֮еĳͳ
һųĿ΢΢һУ̵ܹǰ㱨նɱǾż޵顣ʱмһˣôܣ
ȴˣ
бҪǰһ꣡


693 

һ죬ʼˡҶСδվ໥һ̨ۣ֮ȥ
裬߼ڡ
ҶС죬弶ڡ
΢΢ƫͷһ۸̨֮ϵĳ꣬ɫ֮¶һ˿ġ
Ϊ
ǿ߲ҪΪ
䡭
ϱ͵ƣһ̶Ȼ
߼
Ȼ߼ǷŵĴҲڸ߽׵ˡﵽ˳̶ȣҲˡ
ֲܹδһܡ
⻹ʲôģδĵһ϶谡
ͷųƵһ˲䣬ҶСɫͱʮѿһֱ趼ûб¶ʵҶС쿴ԼҲһս֮ҲûлʤĻᡣ
ǡ
ʵҶСоЩ˫ȴԽӵļᶨͷ촽
߼𣿺𣿡
ҶС˽еìһ֧һɰ˵ìͨڣì˸ǳĹâ
ȷҪһս赭ŶҶС졣
شҶСìָĿؽִӲ෽̧гһս
ĿһһοУ֮ǰսһֱǳֿȭսȥãͿԸо
Ҳǳսֻǲ֪ǲȫǳģûһ
۾գգڴʦΪսһ뵽ڱ׶Σǰսˣб㸡ֳһ˿ź΢΢ҡҡͷһμ̨ϡ

ʼֳֵҶСС
顭
ҶСҲ֪ʵǲȳֵġ̨һߣһƬ
顭
ҶСβûһɳ죬һһ˹ȥϵÿһ˫֮еìŷھ͵Űڿռ䡣
ȡ
ҶСû˿Ļڣƽƽһì˳ȥŸ
趯ˣеսҶСìնȥΪһ߼һ弶߸ͲҪκʽҪȫѹ֡

һ޴Ľײ֮ս׼նҶСì֮ϡҶСε˳ȥ񱩵͵ͨ졣еĳìͻȻʧˣ˫ָԳһ߳Ķì
ಡ
еҶС˫ìڿӰɱ輤ȥ
ſмìֳ˲мսһڿѸٵնͻȻĿһֳìȥڵɵҶС˫һ
ಡ
ֻ˲䣬оͳʮ˱ì·輤дװʮ˱ìƿ֮
飡
ҶС̨֮ϣ˫̨֮Ϻݺһ壬ըƵγڿк̨ƽУٴδӴԪռȡɰìš˫֮䣬ʮ˱ì֮輤

̨֮ؽײʱһսħһ㣬лսһӰʮ˱ìһһɣκͣ͵سмҶС죬һ˺ƻ谵Ŀռ䣬ͬһ硣

ҶСһε˳ȥڿвסһĳ
ȣ
һٸҶСᣬγȥеսݺݵն˹ȥҶСڿйһڱصõһȻնաһ٣ĿһղһѰѾҶСκܵĿռ䡣ǾˣȴɱҶС˹ȥ
̨֮ϣת˴ʱҲӿҶС졣ĿһҶС쾹ȻǱìǴһ˿Ŀ˿ϣһֻҪϹ⻪֪ʷͬһ㡣
ҪʲôеĹͬʱֳһͷ
ѵҪһ
𣿡
ɫҲ΢΢أɵΪҶСƹˤȻԷìóôһԭ
ǣʱѾԸٵȣΪʱĻϵʱѾȥһ롣̳ȻͬһܷɻһҶС츩ս͵ն¡
ҶС춯ˣˮеߣܿ˵棬ڵһ΢΢ƫȻһŤͬһȥ
ֻʱ䣬ԭʹìʽޱȵҶСͻȻޱȡǱʽ
һһƱ任˹ȥҵضһ
˫ʽʮ־еĹ־Ѿܹþˣֱ֮ʣɼ˵ԡ
꽫ҶСľ˻΢΢ҡҡͷ̾ϢһԱߵĽ΢΢ƫͷų֣꣬Ҳˣ
֪ǰУô˵ҲǽĴ磬״磬Ȼ֪ΪʲôͽĲԸҲ޵ļʱйעĶԽĿ⣬ĿеֻǾһ½ġ
ֻ֣ҶСļı
ıɫһ㶡
ʽ˵ĳǸ͵ҵԭӦðԵҶСԲ裬ȴؽ˶Աʽ֮С˸գʽͬǳˮ㿴ﻹһ˿ͣ


694 ǿ
ĽĿ̨֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢΢ѹ˵ô˵ҲĿܣ
ȥûпܡǿԤǣֻҪ費ԺԲٷĴ󡣡
ĽĿ˳꣬ĿЩͬңΪʲô
국˵ҺͽѣƺԹ޺Ҵȴ˿ԹޡȻ֪ԭ򣬵ǾðһҲû
ĵĿ˵ʵⲻʲôܡںСʱǸʱҰ꣬ꡣһĸ״ȥ棬뿪ĸȥˡǾôһ˲˶ҽ˴ɱĸΪ˾ҶˣδлָԣִΪҺĸףһֱԹҡ
ĬȻĬز̸ۣĿⶼ̨֮ϡ
̨֮ϣҶСͬ֯һͬһͷޱУоѹ֣ۿĳ˶ѹ֡·֫ǧ˿߲ϵزƣ·޾ѹͷеѹѾ˼㡣

ͻȻһĸоѹ֣굽˼㡣Ȼһһоֻƽһȴͷŵ˼¡
һ·һȥ޾ơ
һҶСһоʽȻɢ
еĹڶоһ壬ѹͷʧ١Ӷɳ³һ
ҶСε˳ȥ䵽̨֮ϣĵصˡ
䣡ÿ˵һ֣һѪ
̧ͷһ۴Ļϵļʱһơ
һʮ롣
ĳ
ŷζ¡
ŷΣ弶۷塣
£弶۷塣
һƾеı˵ȤֻƾеıŻӵؾʣҲӵزҡ
ŷڴ֮ǰδһʤȴû˸ֺΪʧҲǺʧһУû˿Ǳ˲ǲһֱڱʵҲʮأٳֶ֡һֲָסټ
һʼ֣˵оһ̾Ϊ˵սʽû˿ʣеĹڲ֪˶ٱ顣
ŷʹʮȴʹĲһ̳µĶܿ죬̨֮϶Ӱÿһµ籡嶼γһ䵭
ŷεĶȴ죬һʹȴ׼ȥµĳȻµµĶʼӿ죬̨֮һӰܲһӰδʧһӰѾ֡
ŷεʮѾʹ꣬ͻȻμӿˣеĽҲ˱仯һģӰ̨֮Ϲ˵һμŷεٶȡĿһŷʹĽ֮ǰʮʽǧ˿Ƶϵ
ǡʽΪһʽҲʮʽʮʽ

ֻʱ䣬ռʮ˴νײµγһ˿ңһӰģͬһŷεĽٴںϣʮʽ˾ʽ
Ȼԭŷ֮ǰܲʵУںϽʽ

̨֮һܼĽײ
Ŷ
еĹڷһ㵣εľ㵿ɲǽ׸ŷΣ¡ʱÿһʹһʱ䣬Ԫ۶ɵĶ裬ŷȥ
ƣ
ŷͻȻʽһʮϳһ
顭
飬µź󷽷ˣ˵ϡ
ۡ
Ѫ˳µĿУǴüġһѪߴüı˳µһΣˤ䳾
峤ŰŲ̊ϵʬ壬˫ȭաɱ˸ŷ¶һ˿ЦݣһҼа⻹Ҷı£
ŷεؿһ̨֮µʬ壬˳ʩʩȻط𣬻ص˸̨֮
̨֮ûȥŷΣԼǾʽһʱ򣬻᲻˵ؽ
еĴĻʾķʮ롣
峡
ĶԳ
ģ۷塣
弶۷塣
һ죬ͬʱŶԷȥ˫ʹĶǽֻ˲˫սһ𡣳üëͻȻһ΢΢ƫͷȥ˿̨ϽеؿŽġ
ֵ
ֳһ˿Цݣٴ̨֮ȥ
̨֮ϡ
ֻʮʱ䣬˫ͨ˶ݵ̽ﵽ˼ҵĳ̶ȡĵʽ󿪴ϣʵֳȫѹƶԷǳķܷⲻ͸һѳ裬ĵĹһһ⡣
øķʽԼгɵɽҲδܹƿķ
еתԼͳһսʱ򣬳ԼδܹһеС
Ҳֻ룬ϾԼڶϳʱҲûȫ
ʱ򣬽Ѿȡȫѹƣǳȴһɣǿ͵صֵŽĵĹ
֪һֱĹûгɹ
һ˿ͷһ˿ͷû£ͼһֱѹƵĳȻͷų貵Ĺâǧٵâĩ֮ǰ̫
䡭
ĵ˳ȥصˤ̨֮ϣ·Ѿãʮ˿ڳϣΪһѪˡ
䣡Ĳʶ˵
ȫ˵Ԥϣ弶սʤϮɹ⻹ǴһԽսʤֵ
еĴĻʾʱ䣬ʮ롣
˴ǿڴĻ˳
һꡣʱ롣
ڶŷΣķʮ롣
ʮ롣
裬һʮ롣
ʮһʮ롣


695 
ǳƣʵߵģȴ
ҶС죡
ɫΪմĹأһʤǸʣµ˽ǿһͱʵΪǿһս
Ȼʱһû˸Ҷ˿ӡежʮ֮ΪҶС塣ͬĴԲΣ˭ٴʱ򣬶ǳؼѡ
ؽѡһʱ䣬ͳļںСγû뿪̫ƽǣǺͽһص˾Ƶꡣ
磬ϲ˵ضԳ깧أʱȳ껹ҪˣԼľܹųˣδ˵ԻԻͣҲ
ϴû뵽嵽ǿҲ˷ܵ˵
ϴ󣬿гһʵϴ㾿ʲôʵÿοʵͬ㲻Ѿɣ
һ仰ڣκҲĿųꡣҡҡͷҲ
һŵģϥڴϣȡһƿһǳ֮Һб۾
ζһۣ¶һ˿죬꾹Ȼʼˣ˯ˡ궼ˣЩôţһܿԷʳһǳ֮Һ뵽֮С
ĸû뿪Ƶ꣬춼˾ͽоƵ񣬳ͼÿֻ˯ĸСʱǵʵÿĸСʱ˯Ѿ㹻
ǵϣһ˴ּž
ǵһһڵһλϡʱ䣬κ䡣˻ţѹ˵ǲһڵ֣𣿡
ǰһڸյӵĳϡ䣬ǲҪǰϴ󣿡
ͷ϶ģһһڵĳʲô
Ȼǰϴһĸ˵ϴ᲻ȥһڣ
Ȼᣡϴ˵ֻȥڣ
ʱڼ䣬֣ԶһƽΪѾǰڣܹž޲֣ϴʱһĵȻɢһ˿ư
ǰʱʵǲΪȻ裬Ȼʱǿ֮ĩȷյĹھһģΪʵ߼
߼ǾеţеŲȥһӴȴǰһݵĲݸꡣܲ⡣ûб߻ҪֻҪ΢¶һ˼ϽͶһڵĻкαظʵĸ
뵽ڼ֮û˵ֻư׼ӦֻҪţҲǸĺáҪų˵Ͻѹ
ĿĴﵽˣ˵ˡǱ黹ԶԶ
΢΢һüͷ֣һоҪԼȴû뵽Էôưʲô˼
껹ҪҪ˷ʱ䣬΢΢һüͷȻ˵֪֣ǰкָ̣
֣Ͽųı飬ųоһа𡣲񣬻ǾӸµؿˡ
꣬Ϊһڵӣ
ƽ֣ϣչشʱӦ֣ϰڳˣڵȣҪһջԼһʲô
֣ȴͣɫưųꡣͲųϢܹ֮סϽлԼԼġ
һδˣһ֣ϲ˵ˣһ־Ӹµ̬ԼıЩˡҲҪһڣҲͲҪ˷ʱ䡣չ΢΢üͷò˵лһں֣Ͽңڴ֮ǰһȷռĸš
ţ֣ɫһ㶣̶ѹȥŭָʵŭҲֻԳ꣬ǰ裬һŭһеذڳ
ǳƾʲôƾʱǿһ˵ʵܹ϶ǷܹǿлȻûкɫɫһ꣬һڿд½ʵڵһţ㲻ҪԵ
국˵֣½⣡
֣ɫһŭһǿаסŭ֪ʱ뽫ڳ֪û˵ʹͶţܲŭ
СӣҲʶ̧١ȵһ֮󣬿ʰ㣡
֣ȥеŭɫ˵꣬ӦԼʵ㲻Ҫùھɣ
ûֻǾŶ֣ϣĿз˵ҵ飬θɣ
֣һѹסһĳ嶯ʱӦһڣ㽫ȡʲôĳɼһڶһĴΣ㻹Ҫǣ㻹Ҫȵ𣿡
֣ϵͱˣų֮һῪĵļһڡ
ǣشưƽ˵һҪȵ֮
㡭
֣ϴʱѾˣʱоһɵӣôһɵԼѾ˵ˣҲԸٿվΣһ˦䣬һԲ뿪˷䡣
ϴ֣ǲģ䣬˳ķ䡣
ţͷ


696 ĸ
ʲô
ȡʲôɼһڶҵһĴ
Ӧˣ
ô᣿
˵֣ôһŭϴ󣬾ܾд½һǲǸоˬ§ųļʵ
ûоܾҡͷֻǸҪȵ֮
ƲƲ⻹һ
һ˵ڴ֮ǰһڵӣһʲôС
ôɣһڿǵһŰ
СģܲΪ˵
˵ĲͬصͷȻվŴȥˣǿԼˡ
ĸûһСʱǰݷá꣬εжֳһ˿ϲ˲Ǳˣڸյӵ೤ϡ೤ϲûһʼͽ䣬κϳȥǺĸһ䣬ЦŽεǽ䣬ǰɣ
μվǣ
ڣȻҲܹŵǶĸǸøǵһ١
ζһۣǺͳ겻ͬıûнıѾ˺ܸɴصͷԸ⣡
ãܺã೤ϵЦݸʤȻתǳĵܵܣ
ɫһû뵽೤ϻԼŵվǣ
Ҫţ೤Це˵ûȤڣҲôӼܹﵽʲô磬ͿԼŬˡ
ֳ֮ϲԥʱͬڣôԺҪԼһߣܹΪʹӣȥ͸ġҪ֪ڸײӾסĻȫͬ洫Ӻŵӵľס֪ùٱڳԾƾһ㣬ҲǺôޡǲԳʹӵݳڣһӵݳڶ˵ҲԾ޴ûԸʹӡ
Ŀⲻ˳꣬ĿоѾĿصͷĪһɣתͷ೤ʹصͷԸ⣡
ã೤ϸ˵صͷûкͳ̸֮ǰµĽʮָˡǾӴģһжΪꡣԭͺ꣬ͳһ˶ӦڣΪ˵Ѻ͸磬ȻҲѡڡ˵ʵζΪܹ꣬һкαԿǶߡ
꣬أ
ԥһ£ջò˵ԲҪڴ֮
೤һ£漴º͵Цˣ֪꣬ΪʲôҪ𣿡
ܸɴҡͷ೤۾΢΢һеĵиоǳ֮
һ顣ָôǳ֮ҺΪܹڻ֪Լӵǳϰ벿೤ȴֱӵ˵˳ȥⲻܲó굨սľ
ɫȴû˿仯Ʒ۷ľܺõĿԼصͷǣ
೤ϼܸɴسϣĿһϷ֪ǳ֮Ӻζ𣿡
국һЦʵǳ֮ǽ䣬κҲǳֻ֮ҵʵҪǿһЩ
ţֵ೤ϳԾˡ
ɱֻǳޣ䣬һȡһƿǳڵǳ֮Һݸ˶೤ϵ೤Ͻս䣬κΪڵӣΪƿǳ֮Һ͸೤ϡ
೤ֽӹǳ֮Һƿǣɫ΢䣬ƿǸų꣬ƿǳ֮ҺĵȼͰǾżǳ֮Һ
Цƴġ
೤Ŀаѵ꾹ȻնɱǾżʵ
೤Ͼһǳߣܹоĵкǳ֮֮˻㱨̴һһҪţڶҪǳ֮Դδ
Ū˳ǳ֮ԴʣµһҪšҴʱȻûдӦ೤ϵѾȷһڡӵǳ߲֮ڣǻǸţ
ڳĽڣֻҪһˡⲻǳĽʹȻҲֱӿ
ֻ꣬ҪڣǷõһڶһĸ
ϲ¶һ˿ЦЩ˶ܹնõһ´ʱе˶ΪһĪԸԼһĴѾǳˡ
ңǷڣϷǰ͸һ
ţ
ɫһ㶣ǰ͸Լһֻһ֮бȻȻԷѾԼӵǳ֮ô֪Լһڵġǰ͸ԼһҲʲôһ㣬ҲƴǣöԷСվֵл೤ϣ
೤ų֪һɽ֮ĵгɾ硣
꾪ȵ೤ϣ೤ЦϷȻûֵȴɽ֮⡣
۾һȻ೤ؾһ
೤ϵȻɢ˳ڳдʱվĸͲ೤ϣǱһΡɽѹ˹
ֻһ˲ϵƶ˳Ͷ೤ɢײ೤ϵ֮ǰֵһᣬ˲飬೤ϵɻȻͷ·ͣڳǰɢ޾ɽ֮⡣


697 ǿ
˲ͱ೤ɽ֮⵱У
ʱѾ˫ȷҲɫ԰ף⻹ڲ෽೤ϡҲû뿪䣬ԼƵֵɽѹ
һСʱѾ˵ǽǣѾܡ
Сʱ󣬽Ҳ˵ǽǣͬĴܡ
Сʱ󣬽䣬κѾʼҡҡ׹վס˵ĿɾǿʱҲȫƵĶԿ֮Уûȥһۡ
ıȴ೤ؿвԵͷԭû̫ý䣬κˣ˵ıȴ೤һϲ־ĳɾҲ͡
ǶԳ꾪ȣʱѾܹоʵϵǵȻᶨ
һŰ
೤и̾ԭֻҪһѣóɽгɾӻһЩȴû뵽ɽֱӿʼ
һֱг۷壬ͷŽȴڳֹֻͣͷֹͣǳڲϵضѻ
೤ϵϾһϲǳƣҪһٳƵɾ硣
೤ĶˣܹһͻƵɾ磬ǳͲˣš
ʱ೤϶ԳʮڴѾǺܾˣǳҲǳҲǳ
ڳΪһŵʱ򣬾Ϊηǳһٵ춨˵һŵĵλҲǳȳȳУֱܶˣ˵ģʲôҲûǳʱѾ̫ʱ䡣
ЩηĹɹߣҲΪȱǳ֮ҺҲʵƽƽڵʵһ·»ǳպգڵĵӶѡǳһƱصǵĳɳ
ǺǳʱѾ˷ˣڵʵһֱѵõٵķչֲܹõǳΪ̫߶Ǳǳģһõǳ̾ͻк߲ܶټڣѡšղϵӣھͻ˥䡣
ԣʮҪŵӣŵôѰŵǳǣǲȥѡкʵʵǳȻҲͲʵ͵ڡ
ǣ೤ϿһţĿڵϣųĿԽԽ顣
ֹȥСʱȻ೤ϵֳĵЦݣ֪ɽﵽ˴ɾ硣
ϵƻ೤Ҳ̽

䣬γһ͸˵ϣĿ𾪡ʱѾ֪೤ϵѹ֮ͻˣеĿҲϲΪǸоԼѹ֮Ҳ
˫ۣ೤ʩһл೤ϣ
೤ϵֳĵЦݣ꣬ڵ㡣
ǣӦǳһװ׵ر¶Լ೤Ͼ͵仰ЦŵͷúϢɣ
ĸ˽೤͵⣬೤ʧıӰĸ໥һۣĿж¶ϲ
ʱܿ¼ʱ䡣ȻֻһȴǱͳǿһ͵ڶȴû˻޴Ϊֳʵ
ʵѾţ߼ڣǿߵġȻʵȻ裬Ҳﵽ۷壬Զ
䣬κ˿̨ȥרΪ׼ĸ̨ϵλӡʱλֻʣĸ꣬ŷΣ棬ڳԻһλӣǸλΪ֮ʤ׼ġ
ĳйڵעĿ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽ᴳǿȻһֱֵ÷ǳǿƣֳʵȴһֱǺǿرǺǰ⼸˱Ǵơ
Ǿȴǿ֮ףһ˲һ֮
ŷϸ̨ĳ꣬¶˳֮ɫһؿų꣬弶۷ʵʸ˿꣬겻弶ڣԼźܴĲࡣ֮ڳУΪǲΪʵУΪ˶Է
ֻҪлᣬһ̨֮ɱꡣԼ˼ҲǸ׵
̨֮ϡ
ȡϴεĽѵ˲䣬սն˳ȥһǰƴﵽ˼㡣ȥͳƴʽĻΣֻǴ󿪴ϣ˰Ե
һŮȴ޾ǿƣҲûܣһӭս˳ȥ
۾һʹľȻǳķǷǳֱӣǳؿ٣ͬһĨ⡣
еĹҲһƾһİԵһĳܵס
ÿڵж·˳㱻һɵĳǸ̨֮ϵĳȴֳһ˿֮ɫ
¶һ˿𾪣ܹһĲλսĵطκһֱһ㣬һﵽ֮ҲܲסԷĵط
ʵԽǿҲԽСҪҵԷԭѾѣѵܹжԷ㡣

һײڿкƳ̼ŹڵĶĤеĹڷ׷ס˶䣬ȴ͸¶޾𾪡


698 ǿ
Բľ󣬳㱻һɵľûг֣ĵƱסˡ˵ĵͬһǳĽ֮ͬ۴ضڿС
顭
͵边Ȼһ̵ĺϽ̨Ȼȳһӡֱ۴һɾ޴յֱе顣𾪵Ŷĳ㣬û뵽Էܹ׽ܹγɴ
ۣתͷ˳Ҽû뵽㾹ȻۡȤ𣿡
Ǻǡ̧һҵûҪ˼
̨֮ϡ
˵һֻٴ̤ǰ
顭
Ͻ̨Ӵеսٴλӳֻ˲䣬쵶Ӱųնȥ
˫Ŀ΢УעſеİٵӰѰŵеһȻһ̳

Ǹֳһ˿Цײ㱻һɡ
ǰеսâ£ԾԾԡ
ۣҵõҰٵݺ𣿡
顭̨֮ϣһ죡
ʶԼۻûɣٵݺ㣬˷Լǿһһʩչ˳
ӴĽڿռ·Ҫ̳һŷε۾΢΢һУһѾ߼ǰܿܳⳡսѹֱͻƵڡ
ɫ΢û뵽㲻ۣڹҲ˳ɫ
һҪţ
Եգ
һնգͬһֻ˶ĳ㡣
һ¶һ˿ЦݣȻʧܣѾͬһڡʱһƣиϲ

һһٴײײʹڵĶ鴤
ۡ
ε˳ȥڰһѪ㷢ң۵Ĳġǿл裬ֳһ˿Ȼ
䣡
һ٣ƾ
һƬžÿ˵жͷŲš
У
һλֶʱ裬˴ζʵΪǿĳ㣬ȴֻôоͻ˶֡
ʵ
߼ʵ
̨֮ϵ裬һʵźҪǿһһ㣬Ϊҵĵһǿߡ
꾲Ȼ󻺻ر۾Ժзһ
Ȼ볡Ȼط˸̨Ŀɨ̨֮ϵˣһµƳ졣
ǡ
漴ɫһ㶣Ϊûп꣬ŷκͳдſ־񡣳ֻзŭŷǸɴ۾
һ˿м֪ʱĳŷղһĵ⡣ǣô
ŷ۾ɫʮֵƽ漴ֳһ˿죬ΪִʱѾһˣֻڸ̨֮ϡԶĸȻΪ
˲ȻȻղʱһЩҶɢˡ˶һۣĬȻЦȻվΣĸʩһŴŷȥ
һ߳ţͼ䣬κӭ
ϴԾˣⶼܹ򣡡
Ǻǡ꿪ĵЦţɽһ˿Ĳɽ֮⣬ǽİԵ֮ںϽɽһ˿óɽͺ֮жһ˿Ե
ϴаսʤ𣿡˷ܵʵ
귭һ۵ȥɣ
εԴĸ˻ص˾Ƶ귿֮󣬳ʵ³ʲôʱʼ
֮󡣡˵ֳǩ֡һֻһ
죡˵ɣ
û뿪̫ƽǣ֪ʱһźܶڹעԼԼʱ뿪̫ƽȥһᱻ֡Ҫ֪кܹܶǰ⣬ƽʱֻǲԸȥˡ
ǳ֮Һһлͻƣ
ȭʱʵѾͻƵ弶ڣҪľĹھϣԼʵͻƵ弶۷壬ܹͻƵ弶ڡ
ʱ䣬겻ͣطʳǳ֮ҺͲ֮ʵڷٵûдﵽ弶۷壬Ȼֻһ˿

ʮλģ콫гǩҾһȶֻǿ֮ıȶеĹڶص
һӰſڡ
顭
γŸ̨λȥ
ˣʣһ
᲻ͳϣϣ᲻ɱꣿ
϶ɱ갡ɱܵܣܲɱͲ֪ˡ
ҾӦû⣬弶۷壬겻弶ڡ˲̫󡣡
Ҳ弶۷ðɣǲһɱˣ
ǳԼòã
˵ˣŷˣ
һӰӿзɹ˸̨֮ϣȵ˴Լλϡ
˵ŷξô¶ʱûӮһڴȴһ·ǿ
ǰʲô£ʲôȼĶֶûһսʤ֡ذ
ǰҾ˵軹ǿ
ɣεĵһĪ
ˣ
ڿл̨֮ϣǿڵһλ¡
軹ûг֡չ˵˳ӦǴӵĵһΪһĳ궼ˣ軹֡
ǺǡͲˡΪʵĵһԾڳʱеһҲҪһʾĵһ


699 Ԥ
ˣ
γſڣûһɳ죬ǻУÿһˡҪַ֪ˣʵĵһ겻һżȻϵһСʱһƽȷɡ
ڣ˸̨֮£һݷ˸̨ĿųȥҪľߣ˵ͻվԼλø衣
ĿЩɢһûнģɫһ͡
ӣ
ӣ
۾û˷ŭĿŷΣŷûɢĿ⣬ΪʱŷθǱ۾ˮĿ˳ӭȴһ˫ɱ˫
ߣ
غһߵԼλ¡ΧĿ̨һЦɫӵѿ
ʱ߷̨֮ϣһжһӣһжһ͸ӡһ߽ӷ̨֮ϣһ߽ӷ˼ϡȻҲϻеһߺǩʼǿһ̨
ɢĿ˲˽࣬һϷ̨֮ϡ̨϶ʮѻȸĿⶼڳϡ
̽ץһȭͷС򣬽дźһ¶߸ߵؾ𡣴Ļ̴֮һд
һţ
꽫ݸԱߵߣŸ̨ȥ˸̨֮ϣȵ档
ǿڶŷ̨
ŷεƮݵ̨֮ϣץһĻֳһд
ţ
еĹжһ˿˷ܣŷǩλ˵ͳʱǩľǳеĹжֳһͷϣ鵽һţܹһ
һ뷽跨ɱ꣬ԳһееԸҲһɱľžʡ
ץ˺̨֮ʮ߷˻Ȼץһš
ͲٳǩзǳƣǩʸûСĶŷΡ
ľеһһѡ֣Ҳڳͳ֮һʱ򣬳ȳ̨֮ϣŸ̨ϵĳȵ꣬
վ̨ȥ̨֮ϣ˶ĳп޾ɱ⡣
ʵҲףϴܹһлɱ裬ȷʵųĳɷڡ׼ʮ㣬ɱĳ겻Էһ˿ᡣԭԼ弶ڵʵܹжԷԷĳɱܿöԷˮƽӡ㽫Լʵ弶۷壬ɽлںϽһ˿Ե֮⡣ôɵĵ⣬ֻгɵĵܹжԷ
ȡ˴󽣣ҲȡƷսƷսѾıûƷսһѼƷµսϲ˵ɽƣѡһƷս
ڶ
ͳŶԷ˳ȥγûзͷųԼĹһǿһǳս֮ʱһ
һ죡
ͬʱսҲն˳ȥ
ɽ𣿡
һ˿мԼһܹƳɽοʵ弶۷壬ѹ弶ڵĳꡣ
ȻоһоԷĵƸͲ弶ڣǸ͵ԶԶس
̨ϵĿһ΢΢ֱͦ弶۷壡˶ʵ

Ϣ弶۷壬Գĳȴȫоǳ֮ȫѹơ
顭
飡ɽ
һĽȫܣǳ֮ȫѹ̺һ˿Ե֮гɽݿشݻ˳Ľơԭ羫һĽ˲һ
顭
屻սƬѪü֮һƬ͸˫ͷŲŵĿ⣬̨ˤȥ
̨֮һŮ𣺡꣬ұɱ㣡
һĿⶼ۽ڿ̨֮ϵһɱ̨֮ϵĳ꣬Ŀͬһ˫ֱꡣ
ǳȴһ۾ûпֱӴ̨ϷŴŴȥκܿʧڴ֮⡣
ȥоܹǳ㡣ûаѳϣ⽫Ҳնڵ¡
Ǹʱͳ˷ѣϽƵźǵ˵ڶ죬ûͻƵ弶۷塣
ʱֻ̨֮ʣˣ꣬ŷκ衣
ԭڽһŷεı֮󣬽֮ߺͳἾǻʤߺͳھǣѾһԾֻʣҲ˵ⳡ߾ͽδ
վŷΰȻ˵ŷΣһսͰ֣֮仹Ҫٱ𣿡
ŷ΢΢һЦվʤ㲻ѣ
䣬η̨֮ȥҲӸ̨֮䵽̨ϣ˵ƾĽ
ŷε˵ֻΪսľ飬Ҳ˵ֻΪ棡
棿ֳ̿ĳЦ

ʵʲô


ˡ
ʮ˱ɽŷεΧΧ·ɡɽУŷεױģȴش˳
ҵʵ
ߣ躧Ȼ
̨֮ϵĳɫһ㶣û뵽ŷξȻһߣܹʹʮ˱ɽԼһ㡣֤ŷҲǼƷߣֻǲ֪ûкԼһﵽ˼Ʒ۷塣


700 ھ
ϯϡ
ͬһЦŷŷû뵽ŷξȻһߣһڰɣ
ȻҲ߿Ѩ֮кܶߡǸȴǾд½ߵľۼأֻӵоʵԭͺ٣ھ͸עӵⷽʵĵӣοѾƷ׶εŷΣ
ŷҲЦζҲڣ
ãããһãŷģŷεĴһˣ
ǾͶлˣ
̨֮ϡ
ɫأΪд½ϵľӢȻҲӴߣȻ֪ζԸߡ
ǾǽսһҪþߺԼ룬ֻбķݶ
顭
γٶȷӵ˼£ӭȴܼķɽŷɽ赲Ͳܺг׼ŷ֮ľ롣
顭
ն˰ԾһطɽδͨгŷαƽŷҲ弶۷ʵοٶԭͳߵķٶȣŷεľǼƷ൱߼һ˾룬ﻹ

ܼĽײѾΪ˷ɽٶ̫죬ֲܽǶȵӰ죬Ϊһߣܹڷɽǰʱ򽫷ɽɾѾ֤ǿ󡣵ǼʹˣҲ֧ķӦϷɽٶȣҪԤв˷ɽĹ켣ֻܹս÷겻͸ҲܷɽĸֻγһȦĻɽ档
̨ϵĳһѾŷεľﵽ˼ƷڣҪԼһЩ
Ҳڸ̾ͬȼߺ;սĺܳԿûʤĻᡣʱ˳˼һֱþȥ۸ˣûһߵȥһ߶սʱ˼ǣԼŷΣԼʹþĻлʤϣ
˼һյĴǷ񶨵ġ
ԼֻһߵȥŷսɡԼʹþһʤɡ
ûһַܹȲñ˷Լһߣܹȡʤأ
һ˳˼
һֱŷλʤɽüͷûҳһ׵İ취
ʱ⵽˼㣬ԭ϶ĵһûˣڶûˣǲٱܹõ
ⲻҪģ
֮ͷҲص뿪ŷȴǽĿ˳꣬Ŀ˼ʮԣ㻹Ҫұ𣿡
ǳûע⵽Ŀ⣬ʱĳ껹šüͷ˼֮СŷЦˣ
ص˾Ƶ꣬˼س˷˴ϡűĿ˼ĳ꣬䣬κҴų꣬һʵʵ
ҹʱ֣۾ɫָƽ
һж䣬κſ۾˹ڴų磬Ըŷεİ취
ͷҡҡͷһ취ǲ֪Ƿܹʤ
ڶ졣
Ȼ˹ڣǹڵߡÿжΪıһᾫʡŷŰıݡ
ŷΣݾ弶۷壬˳ꡣһһߡ۴Ǹ潲궼ֻбŰķݡ
ûһ˿ŵգеĹڶۣ۳һᱻŷŰʲô̶ȣǳ䲻ս
ʱŷѾվ̨֮Զ
ʹ̨ϵĹҲûȫ˵۷׷ס·ⲻһŵĹھһֵĽա
ɣŷʿЦڵķӦֺαس˹ȡЦĶɣ
꽫ӳ̨ķž֣ŷεһжᱻٶգЩɽеĹ켣سľ֮С
׽ɽĹ켣æңֻܹķ˽ɽй켣ǰԤСľŷΣŷβᷢһߣ˾͸Ӳᷢ֡
һȡ˵Ʒս򶨵˶ŷΡ

ŷεᣬ߼趼ܣ弶ĳ껹ù˼
ľ̨κһ䣬ʵת弶ڡ
ˡ
ʮ˱ɽŷεΧ֣Χ

顭
ûٶŶŷγȥǼʵһͬʱеսն˳ȥ
顭
飡ɽ
Ƭȥ
ಡ
ʮ˱ɽڿײһսƬ
飡
ٴʵһһȡ˵߰Ʒսն˳ȥ
飡ɽ
飡
ٴһڰ˰ս
飡ɽ
ŷεɫأԼԼ˳塣ûһʼɿԼһһԼƽԼʧȥȻ
ΪûпٵرƽŷҲûбҪѸٵغͳ룬ûжŶĳһ
ǳܿһĵƬȻûıٶȺͽǶȣǳʮ㣬ֵķΧҲС㱼ЩսƬĳźķɽͬ
ŵڶѣս飬ɽŷηЩսƬȻƶĽǶȣʱȻ˳˵ĲѾԽԽȴܹͳ֮ǰľ룬Ψ÷ɽƬɣȻӻսƬͨгȥӵĻᡣ


701 ھ

ʮ˱ɽеʮֵ֣һսƬµʮ˱ɽһ䣬Ҫ忪һͨ
飡
ĵĲ£ѾʮסھűƷս飬ŷεʮ˱ɽûдͨսƬͨƬӵķøӼѡ
ʱһƬžҲû֮ǰĻ֣Ǳʮֵ𾪡ʮȫˣֳ״֮ǰȫͬŷŰ꣬ǳѹŷΡ
ҳѹƵķʽʮֵıѣӾϺϵĳ
ÿһսĺ鵶Ƭļ䣬Ⱦ˼¡ĵ飬ɽùڵҲ𺳵˼㣬𺳵ĿУȡһƷս˵岽
顭
飬ɽ
ÿһܴ岽꣬Ѿƽ˾ŷβʮס

̨ܼ֮Ľײ
ŷδ۾סһսһźжٰս
飡
һնŷɫһ㶣̨ĹҲɫһ㶡Ϊһնеսû飬ֻһۺĵâնŷΡ
Ʒս
ŷѸӦ˹ԭʵֻܹƷսȻûƷսˡδймŸƷıֻҪʹսһʽԼܹڶʱڳ鵶ƬΧͳ롣Ժ£ֻҪܹͳ룬˵ֻһƷսֻһѼƷսҲ㹻Ľնɱ
Ҫ룬ֻҪ롣
ʱŷѾֻסԭΪ˽ʡԪֻʹгɾɽΪʹôɾɽ̫ķԪĿǰ弶ԪҲֻܹʹ
һǰսƬһͨ赲ǰսƬԷɣ߶ȻӿٶŷμȥµٶȽһӡǣХ
ȥ
ŷǰķɽӭųĵâȥһսƬĵâ
ϡ
ǵâͬʵһŷεķɽײâ飬ɽɡŷενŷɽ֮ףۿžҪսƬİΧ
ȣ
һеƷսȻ貵Ĺâɽ֮Ȼɾ硣
顭
Ʒսѣ·޴ɽ顣

ƷսƬͷɽҵײɣ˷䡣ŷεȻˣɽսƬҵײѾʧȥ˿ơ˲һѳܲ͸硣

սƬʧȥķɽķɡȻĿһĳʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
ͻأسŷεǰһȭͷѸٷŴ

һȭûͻŷνƵķһȭŷεĽϡ
顭
ıӽٵŷεֱӡĽĻɢҡ
顭
еĵڶƷս˳ȥ
飡ɽ
սƬͬһһؾ˶ŷΡ

ŷѾϵɿų֣֪ڵİ壬ʧȥ˵ֵһĻᡣΪķɽǰγһơ
ۡ
ʱŷܹüƵķɽ࣬¶˿϶սƬӷɽ϶д塭
䣡
ŷοȡһƷսʱ۵Ĳʳ䡣֪ԼǲܻʤˣټȥֻҪһͻ̨֮ϡ
г˲ʡ
ڸտʼʱԼô⡣
ڸտʼʱԼ̶ͳ롣
û

꽫ս̨֮ϣ΢΢ҡһ¡ʵĳɽһڵԪѾĵĸɸɾĿǰԪֻܹɾɽΡѾ׼ˣŷλ䣬䡣ڶŷεѾˡ
ŷε߿
ûУ
ŷû뵽Ѿǿ֮ĩԵԼ֮ɫ˲ò԰ף忪ʼҡΣԭͲʵķ·ػ
ΪʲôΪʲôԼûжһ
ۡŷһѪ̧ĨȥǵѪգų꣬´Ʊɱ㣡
ȡһƿҩ˽ȥȻ󵭵˵ܹ㣬´Ҳһ
ž
е߻ûдӸղŵѹǵʵ̫ˡǰûΪӮΪᱻŰɱ̨֮ϡ
ǡ
ȴҵķʽŷλܡȻֽкܴðԺżȻԣ汥ŷεĴ
ʤ˾ʤˣ
һʣԼ᲻ỹŷζս
Ƿ񶨵ģĵԳһ־壡
֪꣡˭ȺһžǶʮڷź
꣡
꣡

꣬䣬κ߽̫ƽڱԺʱѾ֪ŷμڣһڣڡ
ߵ˱ԺſڣڵĵӽǴһԺ֮ڡԺѾһЩˣЩ˼֮󣬶ʩ񡣳ʵѾӮǵءҲЦ˱һ𣬵ؽ̸š
Ŀһ꿴¶վһ䣬΢΢·ΧûˣһƬҰ
Ҳڣ
ˣתͷŽʵ罪ļĸţ
һڣƵ˵
꿴һԵΣͻȻЦ費ƽˡ


702 
ƲƲ죬ûʱ೤ϴ˳վ̨֮ϣĿɨԺˣĿڳ϶һ٣Ȼ˵μڵܹһٰʮˡһٰʮ˽ڶʮ졣һǲιһڣڶַδһĸӵ쿪ʼǿȥĲڽؼȻҲǰǳԺһǳʮǽᱻɵд½̣󳡣ȵطһ֮󷵻ڡ
ףǶǵһֶǵΪͲǼˡڳҲϼѾԳΪڵŵӣЩǼѾԳΪŵӡ
೤Ϻܸɴ࣬򵥵г֮󣬾ʹŴҵ˷ɻڷȥ
ڡ
ΧߣԽʵ䣬㲻˵кܶ˼ҿҲడӵмʸǧôŲ˼ڣ
ЦΪд½ǳ޼֣ûǳ޻ôǳȻ߾ԽԽˡ
Ŷͷǳ°벿һʱܾ֮û鶼
ɻһʱ䣬䣬Ȼֳŷɳɽȥַ˰ҵʱ䣬ڿоͿԶڵĻԻ͡
ǣʧֻǱŲιһڼ򡣶ʱǷ˷䡣ΪҪʮ졣
ƽҲֻռһɽ塣೤ϽͣΪӼڣǶҪɳȥΪŸָĹֻÿнǰعš
ǸʱһǻμһһȵŴ䣬ڶǸʵͻƵ˱ͫԽп˽šиȼűԣǰŲƵĽ
ڶ졣
ԼĸΪ˵һ쵽ĸ˫洫ӵĸ
Ҳָ֪Ҳֻһʱ䣬ܹڽһȡͻƣָȡ
ڼЩΪʱعŵļûȥǳǣΪЩӵʵǿЩеľ޴󲿷ֶڵĺʱǵʵͫȥЩʵҲϼߡ
졣
˽뵽Ĳ似ƷģЩ˵û˿ﶼǱĵһķ
ҲһķдһݣȻ׼ǽһǲҳ껹һ˼δһҪŪֹ似ҩͱҪЩصõسɳ
似ȷʵûг꿴ϵģҲѡһԱص򡣵죬Ǳ˼һ·һɽȥﲻţҲţһڡ
ԶԶؾͿͱ֮Ͽ֣ǳ壡
ǳĵط
ԶԶؿȥɽ屻ֳʮ㣬ɽŵɽ塣ʱѾ˽⵽ǳֳʮأ֮ԷֳʮأΪڵηÿŸѨϣͻͻһס
˵ĿǰЩûĸѨ֮ģֻдﵽǾż۷ſʼѨ֮һѨϾΪǼһ㣬ŸѨ֮ʱǼŲ㡣ʮѨ֮ʱ򣬾ͽ뵽˺Ǽ
㣬д½˴ֻпʮѨ֮ĹҲ˵˴еʵҲǺǼżĴӵеĹܹʮѨ֮˾ܹﵽ򼶡
ǣַۣǳֳʮ㣬ܹɹĻʵԶԶس򼶣ô򼶵ĺʲôʵﵽʲô̶ȣ
˶Ǵ˷߽ܵ˵һ㣬ɽµһ˳Ժеʯ·ŴȥʱмӴ߳ߡĿɨһ۳ˣ˫бһֻͬı飬һ߻ĵضԳȰǻǲҪȥǳˣǾ˷ʱ䣬ȥʱ򣬱˶Ѿߵǵǰͷ
ˣ壬ͲȰǡһɫ¶һ˿ɬǵҲǲȰװ׵һʱ䡣
˺Ǽ߲ľɨ˹ȥǼ߶оżߣŵеٮٮߣһѨ֮ͻΪһ洫ӡǻе˼һǳջ񡣶Щֱߣ¶ѾΪ洫ӡ
û˻ͷΪֻǴʱʵԿѨ֮Ϊ˼ʶһµǳ
뵽֮ڣڴ֮һʯڣʯϷ̻һѨͼֻоŸѨͼԱһƬġ꽫Ѩͼ;εؼס֮󣬲ſʼеݡ
֮ӵվ뿪˴
Ѿʮûдﵽоż۷֮ǰȷʵûʸǳĺ벿ֻǰסͿˡ
صסѰ˼šڵʯϣûйǳƳܹǳҩǳؾãǳ֮Һãǳ޵ֱ֫ӷã²Ƴҩ
ǣֲóȻȥʡ֪Ŵǳޣ»ᱻܶ˵ǣ˵ͻΪʧȥ
ƥﻳĵǶġ
յ뷨ҪԼƣĳѾƷҩʦҩӣԼȫԳɹƳǳҩҲտʼʱʧܣҲŴǳޣֻҪܹƳɹõһʧȥĶࡣ


703 ٲݷ
һУ˼ӵĹһԱѯǷԿһЩڵҩӡǸֵԱһӣҩ飬ֵų꣬ɵʵһҩʦ
ţͷȡһƿҩݸǸӵƵҩ͸ʦһƿ
Ǹӽӹҩɵش򿪸һ£ɫһ䣬̽ӸϣȻԳϾ˺ܶࡣ
ʦͨδŽ뵽ڵĵӰɣ
ǣͷ
Ǽӷ䡣ЩĽųЩȡһЩʯʦôƺ
꣡
ʦʲôʵʵ
弶
ɫһ£ϵЦݾ͸ӵʢʦ֣һҩʦ
ţüͷ΢΢һ¡俴Щͷбһߣһž弶ʵֻ߸رǳ껹һҩʦҪͳùϵĵ
ʦ֣רһɽٲݷ壬ҩʦסĵطҪҩڰٲݷĲ󣬲ҩʦûȨٲݷĲͨǶʯȥٲݷ幺򣬵ȻҲԼòٲݷҩʦæƣҪһЩƷѡ
ŶͷҪΪһҩʦҪʲô򣿡
ҩʦƷƷƷƷҩʦ԰ٲݷĲҲΪĲ㣬ӦĸƷҩܹԽȥҩÿ㶼һһֻҩΪ˸ҩʦȼõġ˵һƷҩʦҪΪһƷҩʦֻҪڵһƷҩƳɹΪƷҩʦͿȥ鿴ҩ
Ʒҩʦأ
Ǿֻмٲݷ壬ΪٲݷĵӣȻͿԽһ㡣ҪٲݷҲҪˡʦ֣Ҫٲݷ壿Ҫٲݷ壬ڻСΪŵܹ֮ӵмٲݷʸ񡣡
΢΢üͷֱӿҩʦأ
ǾͼˣֻڵĵӣֻǼӣֻҪܹƳҩͿԽٲݷĲ󡣡
ٲݷҲУ
ţֻҪڵӾС
ǲʱȥԽпˣ
ǣʱԿˡ
ллͷ
Ҫ뿪æʦ֣
ţ
¶˼ɫʦ֣ԺõһЩҩɲƣ˵ּæʦַģһᰴм۸ʯġ
ֳһ˿ʦ֣ΪʲôȥҰٲݷҩʦƣ
ε˵ҩʦԶæģͨƶŶӡȻҲвŶӵģЩҩʦˮƽܲܹ֤ƳɹʧˣҲ⡣
Ǻǡ겻Цô͸ȷһܹƳɹ
ʦּȻڳھ͸ȥˣ֤ʦֵˮƽһ͡ĿǰʵҪҩȼҲߣʦһû⡣
ãЦŵͷҴӦˡ
ǡǻһ룡
˽˵绰֮󣬷ذѳ͵⡣ŷָİٲݷ壬Ҫȥȴ˻ͷһǽ䣬κ
ϴʲôȥ
Ǹʲôȥôûǳ壿
Ѿǳĵһˣ˵ʵһڿ϶岻ǾżȵصٿҲ١Ǿͻˣ⼸Ҫ뿪ˣĴתת
ɨһΧûˣѹ˵ǳ֮Һİδزܹһ֮ͻƵǾżԻҪúоһǸǳ
ҲǣζļҲҪúŬȡΪŵӡ
ţһŬģʹصͷ
ϴ㻹û˵Ҫȥһʵ
ٴѹ˵Ҫȥٲݷ忼ҩʦ
ҩʦһǶһ˽⣬Եϴ㻹һҩʦ
ţ
ʲôƷζ۾Ҳ⡣
ƷɣЩȷϾǺ˽д½ҩʦƷ֡
Ʒһ۾žЦһųһֻ첲ϴԺǵҩɾͶͷϴˣ
û⣬ֻҪʱ䣡ЦǺǵ˵
ϴôȥҩʦΪָܹù
ù
ǰ˵Щ˹ͻᱻȥǰд½̣󳡵ȡûһ֮˿¾Ҫȥˣһܹ֮һùϴһҩʦǾͿԷҩ깤пܷ䵽Ʒҩҩһ쵼ˣϴһƷҩʦǲȥҩˣôһȥЩҩꡭ
ȵȣֹס˽ҩҩʲô𣿡
ҩҩĵطҩҩ󲿷ֶǲƷҩһЩβ͵ҩһЩƷҩеƷҩܹҩ˳ҩҩ֮⣬ҪǳƷҩڼƷҩֻвܹ
Ŷҩҩʱ˵ϴͲȥҩˣϴˮƽһȥҩˣһƷҩʦܹ䵽ҩ꣬ϴƷҩʦˮƽ׵ط̫ƽڵҩꡣ̫ƽڵԪŨҲ֪ǳĴ֮ԪŨĵطڰ˴壬ʲôôͲ˵ˡҶƷҩʦ˵רŵңԪŨȵ豸


704 
˫һǿ̫ƽǵԪŨȣʱҪ취ȥǳص̫ƽǵķ׵ع򵽴ĸҩͱ̫ƽڣд½Сźͼ嶼̣һ̫ƽɹ˿ڣԼôֻҪһ̣һʱͲᱻ˷֡
ߣϴһȥˣ
ĸŰٲݷȥڰٲݷ£ſھһͼĸ˿һ£ſȥ
뵽תŽȥһǳĴĿһɨ㿴ʱڴڵɳʮˡŷ̨ȥ̨ĺһŮӣδȳ꿪ڣαȥŮҪˣ
ǸŮ΢Цʵλˣλˣ
ϴ󿼺ˣ꣡
Դ
ǸŮӿʼڵ֣ɳʮ˶ǵȴ˵ĵӣĸ˸оİڵڶ࣬ѧϰҩ˾ͲǺܶˣӦЩӡ󰡣ʱǸ̨ŮӾһѽǰոռŵѽ
ۡ
ɳʮ̲סЦҩʦɲҰ·ܹɵģҪָ㣬ϸҩƹ̣Ҳ˵ҪϸĽ̲ġ⻹ģҪΪһҩʦǾʯѳģҪķϰܹɹ
ûʯϵҩϸƳûڴҩģǲܳΪһҩʦġʮ˳ЦҲķӦȫİѳ굱һҰ·ӳǿܹһƷҩ˵ġ
ЦʲôЦλͷһɣǵˮƽ𣿲һҪˣֲѾˡ
СӣɳһϷŰЦЩ˿Ʒҩʦġ
УƲƲϴƷҩʦġ
ɳϵûЦˣҲûвŵɫǶһ𾴡˵ˣҩʦڼһˣֻҪҩ泬ǣͻǵ𾴡Ҵʱжףܹһž͸ҿƷҩʦ֤˼ҿ϶Ұ·ӣǾϵͳѧϰģ϶ǰ˴еĵӡ֮ǰǸҩʦʵʼλʦĸ壿
ҵģҿˡϴ꣡
ԭǳҵӣǸҩʦ¶Ȼɫ
Ҳǳˣ국˵ȻתǸŮӵʲôʱԿʼˣ
ҪƷҩʦ
ǣ
ʸ֤ң
ʸ֤룿¶Ի֮ɫ
Ʒҩʦʸ֤롣
ûУ
ûУôҩʦ
ƳһƿƷҩͿ𣿡
ʦܣģʱǸ֮ǰһֱ˵ҩʦ˹͵ƷҩʦʱҪʸֻҪܹƳͿǰˡҪƷҩʦͱƷҩʦʸ֤ͬҪƷҩʦͱҪƷҩʦʸ֤顣ʦ֮ǰûп𣿡
ûУһֵ̯֮ǰһֱʦӣЩҲ
Ǹҩʦ濴˳һۣ϶겻ѡȻѣǾܹƳƷҩб˽ύ֮ġҪ֪ĿǰֻһƷҩʦҪͨο˲ܹΪһƷҩʦΪƷҩʦҲƷҩʦύһƷҩʦаЩԼĵط̳ꡣЦǾҪʦܴƷҩʦʼˣ
ԱΪٵư֮ˣʱһҩʦ˹ǸΪ͵ҩʦ˵ʦ֣ʲô㻹ΪһƷҩʦ˵һ۷̨ǸŮӣбۿų㲻椵İɣ
仰һڣǸŮҲɵųꡣִô룬һƷҩʦʸ֤ûеˣȻҪƷҩʦͣûиõɡ
ǸŮӻɵ΢ɫЦõ˵ҾȴƷҩʦʼ˰ɣ
ǸŮٴλɵؿ˳һۣջְصظǼǣȻ󷢸˳һƣǺĵؽ͵Ʒҩʦ˵ԪҩԱҩģҲﹺﹺҪһƷʯ
ֱȡһƷʯ˹ȥǸŮʯڼû˼£Ȼ˵ǡûпƷҩʦģŽȥͿˣ
ллֳ֮ǰǸҩʦͷллʦ֣ʦôƺ
η
ʦ֣Ͼͻᱻȥٰݷʦ֣
ãηˬʵ˵ʱΪӷϴ
ллʦ֣ת˵ң
ãͣϴ󣡡
ЦŵͷȥӰʧҲѰһɳ¡ηԭҪͽģ˽һ³꣬Ͼһոսŵ˾ͿƷҩʦ㹻ˡǾʱֵȥˣȥ
ʮӣ˳˴˵Ŀ⣬Ǹ֮ǰЦǸҩʦÿҩʦĿжŲȷȷ꾿ûп˳ɹų경ᶨ̨Щ˵۹Ͷˡ
ûгɹͲ̨ǻֱ߳뿪ʱ̨ζųѾɹسΪһƷҩʦҪȡƷҩʦʸ֤߼Ʒҩʦ
ʦãݹ˺ƣҪƷҩʦ
ãԵȣ
ǸŮû˿ɣžụ̂˳ĵȻʱѾͨƷҩʦĿˡָǼƷҩʦˣȡһƵݸ˳ꡣ


705 Ʒҩʦ
Ʒҩʦǰ滹ʮλкüңɳϵȺ򣬵ʱ򺰵ĺʱͿԽȥˡ
лл
òصл֮ŽȥʹɳվЦųꡣ
ϴͨˣ
ȻҲЦС

ϻһƨɳϵȥɣˣҪܾá
û£ǲһ죡˷ܵ˵֤ϴΪƷҩʦĻɾֻһΡ
ǰǰҲһԵͷ͡
ĸɳϵ̸ţʱھţһҩʦнȥˣֹȥ˴Լʮӣηһϲ˳ηϲɫɳϵЩҩʦһվ׷ηϲҲɳվԶԶسźηһ֡ηҲԶֻ񡣵ȵߵҩʦӦ֮ų˹ΧЩҩʦԥһ£Ҳźη˹
ΪʱѾһƷҩʦҿļƣһҪͨؿƷҩʦͷʱ򲻹ʾãȵʲôʱ򣿾ʼǸҩʦҲڨڨظ˹
ʦܣˣ
ˣЦŵͷ


㿭ηһƨɳϡ
Ҳųʦܿ
ʮҩʦ׷׸ҵطЩ˵ЩѾϣΪƷҩʦЩͳһڵȴˡҲЩˣôãȻûзһ̭ġ
һȺҩʦһȻ̸۵ľҩӺЩҩʦ̸г귢ԼĶ̰塣ǰҩֻǰʯϵҩͳһΪʲôҪ겻ˡ
ֻǶ̶̵ļСʱóǳȻ˵ͦ࣬ȴû˸Ϊʮ˶ѾǳˣΪǳμ棬Ϊǫ˵ࡣǳ˼ֺӡ
ȻһжҪڳܹͨƷҩʦˣ겻ܹͨЩ˶Դ̻ήͺܶࡣΪҵˮƽѾһģѾ߱ЩƷҩʦʸ
ֵ˳꿪ʼˣηЩ˶΢Цعųꡣηųļʦܣͷǰʦʦ㶼ͨ˿ˣһû⡣
ллλʦʦ㣡΢ЦŻص
ϴ󣬼ͣ
ȭͷͽת߽˴šЩųıӰڴʧɳϡ
䣡ηʱѾ֪˳꼸˶δ뵽ڵģǳŽʵΪһҩʦδĳɼôǵӦñȳһЩɣ
δȽشһԵαһָһҡϴδĵһ
ɳϵЩҩʦҩʦһЩоҩǵҵֻǸҩʦʵһǿû뵽겻һҩʦʵǿ˳̶ȡ
ʮһȵĴһʣҲǼ֣׵ŵӡڳܹõһŽĸòʮͻΪ洫ӣټϳ껹һҩʦ
ˣ
һҩʦѾƷҩʦڿƷҩʦܻܿΪһƷҩʦ
ôģ
㡭˵ģηЩȷʵ
ȻģκܲηĻɣǺηǻˣֽɵĿ˽䣬صͷ
ǡʲôʵ
弶
˻
еҩʦһͬʱ໥һۣ˫֮ж¶һѶϢһҪ
ҪǷܹͨƷҩʦĿˣֻͨƷҩʦĿˣη;ֽύꡣ
ɳϾҴʱʧȥ˵Ȥвضڵȴųĳ֡
űƿˣӰſڣЦЦŷ̨ȥ˵۾һ̨ܹ֤Ҫˣ˵ͨƷҩʦĿˡ
ǡ
Щţһɳ嵽˳ĸǰǸŮӳų˵ʦܣû˿Ʒҩʦǰȥпˣһžǿ򡣡
ʦܣҪƷҩʦηһ㣬Ŭʮ꣬ͨƷҩʦĿˣǳһҪͨأʵЩš
ţͷ
η촽˶ջǿ˵ʦܣʦ־㿭ȻΪھأ
ʦܣǶ㣡ʮҩʦһ˵
ллλʦʦ㡣
ϴȴ³ͣ䣬仹ųգգ۾
ĻηЩҩʦɫһ㶣ǳȴ˽˼ó˻ڽύһЩҲ֪Լ³˼ʲô㺬ЦͷȻһȥ
ֻصɳϣηŽļ䣬سʦôܹͣʦͣ
ЦеҡͷϴкöƽʱóҲϲӲܹóǲԣǻһӡ
һӣ
ηЩҩʦɫһ㶣̶ЩмΪҩʦȻ֮ǰֻƷҩʦҩʦҩʦǮһˣʲôûгԹʲôܹǲԾͺһӣ
ƲƲ졣
ηҡҡͷתҩʦȴʧȥ˵ȤҩʦҲûʲô˵ȤҶʱһſڡ
һСʱ󣬳΢ЦŴһڳ˵۾һ˳·ϱһ£һ֦ƬҶӡƷҩʦ¡


706 ҩ
ϲηǰų깰ֵء
ͬϲҲֻ
ߣʦͣηһӡ
ҡͷ컹³λʦʦ㣬
ηɫһȻòȷʵ㲻кöɣ
ȥ˾֪гš
ųŵĿ⣬ηЩȻвҪӣ˼ҳƷҩʦˡ
һȺҩʦų뿪˴żȥ˼ЩһȺҩʦųһ̸Цһ¶Ľֺɫ
˳Ժ䣬˳һھʹһζԺʮҩʦȻͣסһʹűӣ¶ζ˼
Ȼһһӵųȿֺس˹ȥ
飡
ƿ˷ţηųڵĳ꼤غʦܣǡǡ׷ζ
ڳˣȻд½ϵʳģתͷЦеصͷ
ݡ
ηһ˹ԱߣҪȥǣִЦûã
ҾͿηŹ
ʮҩʦΧ˹쳤ӶŹԣǾͿ
ʲô򿪸Ƿͼˣ
ǡðɡηһزʣǾţ
ֱӷһۣɴ಻ȥӿ棬ȥˡҩʦóҩľͷһضŹֻбһţϵҸ΢Ц
һݣλƵ˽ôûƭǰɣһӰɣ
ǣǣǣһȺҩʦͷηֳᶨ֮ɫų˹ȥ
꣬Թʲô뷨
ɫһ㶵ʲô뷨ŷ£
һص̫ƽǣҪҩֻҪÿϽһҩͿԣµʱ֧䣬ô
Ĺһ㶣䣬ΣҲո˹
̫ƽǵҩλƷҩʦһλƷҩʦһЩҩʦҪʱжʱơͨڸոսƷƷҩʦŹȥһλƷҩʦֻһҩǸҩֻҪÿϽһƿҩͿԡʦܣƸҩ𣿡
ҩ΢΢üͷҩûƹΪһƷҩﵽƷҩʦʱ䲢ûʱȴоνĸҩܹߵǱܹСʱʱڱһλս弶ʵʳ˸ҩ֮󣬾ܹСʱڱʵʮҪڶһ
⸴ҩҲûиãһֻܹʳһƿҩЧʧ֮󣬻һʱڵ˥ڣ֮û˿սǼʹˣҲд½ϡȱһҩ۸ʮְ
ûƹҪԣ
ηһ˿źһҩô׾ܹƳģΪƷҩʦܹƳκһƷҩҪ֪ͬƷҩƵḶ́ȺͻնҪȷաηеź˼һ£ǳãǳʺԼֻҪԼ˹Ϳȫ֮С
ұҲҪܳʱ䣬ΪҪڷƹȴﵽȷĳ̶ȡҪΪǿľҪٴƣܹȷƿء
ʦ֣ʱ䣡
ηԾһ㶣죿
ţ죡ᶨصͷ
ãηųܹ꣬ƳҩǾ͸ֵýύ
꣬סﵽٷ֮ʮĴȣҾͿΪȡѾҩʦҸ׵ĵӡҿҸ׽ȥУҺôܶࡣÿŶһʮݵҩģֻҪϽһƿҩʣ¶پͶˡҲ˵ܹٷְƳɹʣµʮƿ͹СȻƲһƿҪϾҪԼʯûʯ򣬾ֻʧȥݹ
ףһʮƿջǲС󰡣
ҡηһ۽˵㻹Դѧͽ֡
䣬κ۾һϴ󡭡
귭һ۵Ի
ϴǿԸɻ͹ҩµĻǡ
ҩлҴÿۻظɻֻҪˣ
ģǿʰҡ
һʯܹ͸ˣñǺá겻м˵
ǻ԰׼ҩġֻҪϴϽǡ˵
ֶһݹεҪҩ
ǻԱ㡭ԽԽС
ɵشӦ˵ˣӦ𣿻ң
ϴ󡭡˿ųꡣ
Է꽫һ˳꣬Ҫʢ˾
Ҳˣ꿴ʱ
һҩʦȿֺȥץǡҡҡͷȥ
ҹ
ԺѾָ˼žʱøҩȡҩĹߺͲҩѾˣǰζʧˡ

곤³һڳɹƳһƿҩȻȡ߿ʼ⣬¶ʧֻﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ

һֱʮ֣г΢⣬ƳضʮһƿҩεĴȴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮߡ
꽫ҩһй߶ս磬ȻһСʱ˵״̬ͻָ۷塣


707 ǳҩ
ͺηԼ죬ֻǹȥһѾƸҩҲȥҺηʰһ£ŰٲݷĲȥ
˰ٲݷڷ̨Լĺ룬ֳʾԼĻ£Ա˵Լһ飬Ȼó˲
һ¥ܴ󣬴ʱѾкܶˣһЩƷҩʦһЩҩѧͽߵһܵĸǰװһ飬Ȼ㽫ͷ˳ȥʼһɨ裬Լһ֮󣬳ͷе鼮Ŷ¥ȥ
һ¥˶˳ǰҶ£һ϶¶Ľ;֮ɫĽһƷҩʦİס˶¥һţ˭
֪ûм
Ҳĸȥʦֻ˰ɣ
˶¥ȡһ飬Ȼٴӳʼɨ裬ǴԼһңٴηе鼮¥ȥ
¥ҩʦѾˣֻˡ¥ɾ㶼ͷ¥ݿȥȻɫһ˾ȻʶҲòųͷҲ΢Ц⣬Ȼߵһܸǰȡһ飬ٴν˳ȥ
Լңɫһϲе鼮ŵȥڵڶȡһСӣдšǳҩĸ֡
һҳһҳؿţԼ˰Сʱʱ佫Ȿӿֳ꣬ϲɫȻһǳ޵ҩһӣ滹ϸĽ⡣
еĽܣǳҩҪȵǳ޵֫Ч߳ȴǲǳ޵ǳ֮Һ
ǣǳ޵֫岿ΪҩǳҩֻеһӣһӾǳ޵ǳ֮Һǳҩǿ棬мأҩȵǳ֮ҺЧҪ߳屶
ȴûǳڵǳ֮Һǳҩķӣ΢Ѱ˼һ£Ӧûҩʦõǳ֮Һԭɡ
ɫͻȻһӦвٵʿõǳɣѵͶûзֹǳ֮Һ
Ȼеǳڶǳ֮Һ
ţ
ԣӦǼٵǳڲźǳ֮ҺҲֻԼɽڵõЩǳʮŻӵǳ֮ҺҲӦòǵһγӵǳ֮Һǳ
΢Ѱ˼һ£һ²⡣ӦǵõǳֻҪǵϣ˭Ҳ뵽ǳڻǳ֮ҺЩʦȻֱӰǳڻﻹټǳ֮Һ
Ҹʱȥϵ꿴ûкǳ֮Һǳˡ
ö⣬ȻⱾߵһһӡǰȻʼһҳһҳظӡӡֽ֮ӷŻԭӡս磬Ŵ¥һ¥
ŻȥǳҩҪǲ֪ʶҩĻ֪ʶһҲֻܹŷҩԶᴴ³µҩ
һ¥֮󣬳꾫չȻѡһ֪ʶվۿΧЩƷҩʦҩѧͽ㶵ų꣬ʵǸ㲻ףһƷҩʦܵһ¥ʲôһ˽ζ
ʱֹȥ죬˳ͺηԼõʱ䡣һ糿ǺηˣʮҩʦҲˡηЩҩʦûų꣬¸ŵѧϰƸҩ
ǵҲž޴ĻɣɳǷܹƳϸĸҩϾǻû˵ĸҩʦܹ֮ھѧƸҩ
ҩƣӣرÿ׶εȺͻľȷգⲻǺ㶨ģҪʱݲͬʱ
䣬κҲˣ˶ЩšɹˣǾͿԺͳһֻҪÿϽһƿҩǾͿԽ֮ϡĻڼӼѵá
ϴ󣡡
磡
ʦܣ
ҹе񣬳Цȡһƿҩݸ˺ηʦּ⣡
η۾һֽӹƿӣȻ򿪸ӣһСڣ۾ΧܾЩҩʦͽǶŵźηԼһ֮󣬺η۾оǾ֮̾ɫ
ʦܣһҩʦšĸҩȫϸ񣬴Ѿ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ΧһȻ͡䡱һըˡ䣬κֱ˹
ϴ̫ˡ
磬̫ΰˣ
ֿһˣ
ʦܣϲ
ϲʦܣ
лλʦ֣Ҳֳ˷֮ɫ
ʦܣǰٲݷɣ
һ֮󣬺ηͻȻڵһ˵Ŀⶼ˳ꡣЦҡҡͷϾҪɽˣǵȵһ˵ɣ
ηһ˿źó˵Ҳǡͷ꣬ߡ
ȥģ
ȥҸףѾ͸˵ˣֻҪܹ˼ҵƳһƿҩҸ׾͸ˡ
лʦֿ֣˵
Сһ׮ߣ
һ²뿪˳Ժ䣬ŰٲݷȥһԺ֮ǰηųֱȥһ֮ǰηһƣұ㶼
ηְ̧һһŴ洫һ
ηضԳ˵ҽ
ͷηƿţų˽ȥȻֽعϣ˹⡣
һ뷿䣬㿴һĹң޴Ĺ̨ڷŸһڹ̨æµţηų;վһԡ
ԼȥһСʱЩźؽԹܷ£Ȼתͷ´ųꡣ


708 
ǳꣿ
ǣ깧ػص
֣һţѾܹƸҩˡη˷ܵ˵
ޣ龪ؿһ۳꣬ɴ˵ڸһƿ豸
ǣ
Ӧһߵ˹̨ǰηܵһҩĸǰƸҩĲȡ˹ڳԱߡ
ллʦ֣òصл
ͣηų˻ȭͷ
¶һŵЦݣȻ㿪ʼձˮ˾ƾơ
۲ųÿһٶֳ˾֮ɫֳĶǳû˿ͣͣÿһǡôԲ˷һ˿һȿƵúܾȷϵɫҲûбһֱǷǳƽ
ֻܾгżһ˿
Լȥ˰Сʱ¶ЦݣܹоƵˮƽӦñ֮ǰߣܹڰٷ֮ʮҡ
ձһŵһƿӿϣȻҩҺͨƿ֮ڡձ£ȡ¹Ȼһת˺⣡
üˣ
һӣЦȻҲһƷҩʦȴһƷҩʦƷҩʦѾʮֻ꣬пҩḶ֪́Ƶĸҩȫϸ
ͽˣ
лл壡
ְ˰ֵûȤٲݷ壿

֮ǰǺηԺܸɴؾܾǺ㲻ܹܸɴؾܾװԥһ£˵壬һһصپ
ҲãҲһɴˣֻǿó꣬ȴҲûӲ˵˼ڰֵǳȥɣһҪ
ǣ
ͺηӦһȻĵ뿪˷䡣һӴų䣬κͼ˸ǰ۰Ͱ͵ųꡣ
Цû⣬ԺǾ͸һˣ
Ү˸˵תͷźηٴֿ˵лл
ηЦĳлһʱǿԾ
һ
ļ죬춼˰ٲݷĲڵĵһ㡣һֱ뿪졣꣬䣬κĸֱͻ̫ƽǡ
̫ƽڿһҩ̣ҩ̺ܴǰһʮ¥Ӫҵǰ칫ҺҩһЩҡŴҩʦʦƷҩʦȴֻһƷҩʦ̹⡣
¥ĺ滹һ¥¥¥мһСͱͱΪͼ̹׼ġ
꣬䣬κס
ĵһ죬͸ܾԼҪԼıڽһĹҡܾȻͬ⣬ΪһλƷҩʦҲˡΪһƷҩʦӵԼĹңٺҩʦһ
ȥһȦһװȻý䣬κ˳Ȼʼװ̨һװ
ЩȻǶ䣬κȥɡˣԺʰ䣬֮ĻҲܹܲһ˸ɻһûС
ҩͲæˣǲæ껹Ƕ˳ȥȻŲϡΪҩķ̫ףҪй¶Լ̫ܡ
Ȼ䣬κѾ֪һߣҩĻԻᱻ𾪵Ŀࡣ
Ҫûʱȥһҩ׼һԽһҩƳλܾһԽһҩĶǸܾƷҩʦܾηˬؽһĲҩ˳ꡣ
ǽһݷݲҩֺãȻװһٸձ֮ڣֽһٸɿػ¯򿪣˳ȥһٸձһ¯֮ϡ
Щǳᣬͷɽûȣܹ׵سǡͬʱһƿҩһһƿÿδԼʱһСʱʮΣһǧƿ֮󣬾ʮǿ󣬴ﵽ˼Ʒ۷壬Ҳоͷʹѣʶڵľĵһɶ
˲һһҹʱ䣬һͶɹ꿪ĵЦʰЩҩ˰ǽǵĴ£ͨĴʼ
һҹʱ䣬һδӴ˸ϲĿ⡣һֱͣͲǰľǲıһ˿ɶ
û뵽ҩЧҪٽˡ
꽫еҩʰȻ˵ҵķ˳ȥ˳¥ȥھĵġ˳ȥ䣬κ˶Լķ
Ҳûдǣһ뿪˱߳ҩꡣ뿪Ŀģһǹǳҩĸϣϲܹҩڹⱻ˻ɡ׼ȥҩ̹򣬶Ҳܹһҩ̹ǳҩĸҩĻҪ֣׼ҹÿҩֻһҩġ
ڶĿľȥǳǳ֮Һǳȫ
ƸҩĸϺףҲ˵ҵע⡣Ϊ깺ȷʵ󡣵Ҳֻעһ£֪ҩʦԸ񱣬ҲûиʣǸӵڡ
ȥǳ鷳һֵ֣϶̺йصĲ̣ڴʦϡ뵽֣ԼڴʦƵսӦѾˡ
룬ǰսҲܲˣǳ֮Һǳһ飬ǾͿˡԳ껹ûȥڴʦʼһһ̵ع


709 Ƴɹ
鷳ĵطڳҪȿеǳּ֮ɶҲľˣĻŭáš
Ҳû˵ʲôȥǳأ˼Ҵųȥֿһ鷭꿴ȻɶҲˣ˼
տʼΪ˱ֺһһûڲֿǳװģ˺ǽֿ֮󣬾һɨȻתߡһЩƵʡˣꡣǾ񲡡
䵽˵߼ҵʱڷһ麬ǳ֮Һǳԥعһ꾫ֿʼһһ̲鿴һʱ䣬չ˾ʮ麬ǳ֮Һǳ
óҵһʵĽݾԺÿʱһȦʱе΢Ѿʼʧȥڴʦȡսŷ˶ĳɹص˱һžͿ˽䣬κڳԷվȥʢǴɤźϴȥˣ
ȥߣԺǲҪңԼǣ
£ӹ͹ķһ߳һʵ䣬̫ƽҲзְɣ
ţͷ
ּܹ𣿡
ʵڳǿֵʱҪּȥַ֣һ
Ȼ֪귢ʲôҪֵļЦ˵ֻҪʯûй򲻵Ķ
Ŷľһ񣺡ܹ򣿡
һھھҩھھڸ߿ƼƷ֡ҪȥڣֻҪܹ򡣡
ţͷͻȻھʲô
Ц̵ľһǳȴͬһ㡣ͬˡͻȻüɫǣһܹǳ󡣡
ҲЦȻЦˣһǵõǳ֮Һǳ޵ʬ嶼ҡҸƳǳҩ
ɫһ̶ϲϴģ
ɫһʲôʱƭǣ
̫ˣϲɫʵһֱҪЩǳƳǳҩֺֻñ֪ӵдǳ֮Һǳ޵ʬ壬ɱ֮ϴΪʲô˵
귭һ۵ԭᣬ⻹ڰ³ɲ󿴵ҩĶԣӵǳ֮ҺԲܹ˵ȥ
ĸ˱ı߳Է극֮󣬽䣬κһǳ֮Һµǳ֮Һǳ޵ʬ嶼˳ꡣ뵽ңʰ꣬Ȼص
֮ǰ꽫Ѿƺõһǧƿҩ֪ÿµµ׽Ʒһƿ
һһֱûдӵڳˣԼڵ׷ˣȣȻǳҩ
Ҫý֪ÿڳĶǰѳҵķҲó
һͬʱһƿǳҩÿδԼҪһСʱʱ䡣ǳ޵֫Ϊҩǳҩеǳ֮֫󣬳ܹǧһһʮƿԥظԼһƿµһǧһһʮƿ׼ƽָ䣬κˡ
֮˰ǧʮƿǳ֮ҺΪҩǳҩԼǧƿµǧʮƿ׼ƽָˡ
㿪ʼǳڵǳ֮Һǳҩʧ˼֮㷢֮ǰҩҲܹƳǳҩ֮ԻûгɹΪǳڵǳ֮Һ̫ߣҪȷȡ
Ӵľʼ˷ʵ飬ÿʵ鶼һֲͬȣȻͬʱһֲͬȵҩʵٶȷǳ죬˷ҲǾ˵ġȻÿƵķǳ΢Сÿһǳ֮Һֳһٷݣÿ˷һǳ֮Һóʹ졣
˷ʮǳ֮ҺڳɹƳһƿǳҩһµ䷽
ĸº󣬳ڴӵ˳ϳͬҰһ㣬Ǿȥ俺ܡеǳڵǳ֮ҺƳǳҩĸûڵĴȴڲ֪н˼Ʒļ۷塣൱Ƕ۷塣
ǳҩֳ֣ǳڵǳ֮ҺƶɵǳҩΪһǳҩܹǧپʮƿʵһƿЧֱӷʳǳҩĶʮ
ǳڵǳ֮ҺƵҩΪǳҩӵǧƿǳ޵֫ƵǳҩΪǳҩӵһƿ
Ψһźǳĸʵû˿Ľ弶ڡ
꽫䣬κ˿ͷģһжϡﻩ꽫ǳҩǳҩ͸ƽֵʱ˸Ǹжۿʪ
꽫ɨˣϾһϲĸǳ֮Һİ¶ͻơζͻƵ۷塣ͻȴԭʾϼѣֻΪһֱûԴʵ¡ǳ֮֮Һİһ·ͻͽĸµʱѾͻƵ۷壬ֻһͻƵϼҲһǧٶڽ뵽Ǽ֮ͻŻϾԽԽ
һ裬ȻȥһȻȥһֹһȦչ߿ǳ֮Һǳص˱
ص˱֮û̿ʼǴ򿪵¼ʼ鿴ֵļۡ
ֵļĸȼµȣеȣϵȺصȡǸϵȣ̫ƽȴصȡ


710 ۺɨ
ϽܣصȵķֵܹǼ޵Ĺһµӵһ͵ڶӰпģƺ޲ûкǼޡܹڵصȵķ֣ͿԷȥһֱȵһ롣
鿴һ³۵ļ۸񣬳Щɵۡصȷֵļۼ۸ΪһڼƷʯҲһƷʯӵеϵʯʮڡʮڡ
⻹ֻǹļ۸ҪһֹмУҪ豸һ£㹺Щ豸ҲҪڼƷʯȻнֵĲϣҪڼƷʯ
Ҳ˵Ҫһ־ҪڼƷʯһһصȷֵܹԱһµҪĸ֡
һݾˣ豸ôҲףһˣһסϾҪķˣҲҪʮڼƷʯԳ˵һɵ
ֻˣ
ĬĬһ¡˶ĴײܵõڴʦǸ۸񣬹һ£ÿҲʮƷʯһײܹʮڼƷʯ
һ׿ɲСĿ겻ȥһۣɵӰ̫ҪһԳһֻУֻ̫ƽڵвʵеǣĿⷿѻˡǳ۸ҲδؾͰȫΪ˵ձð
ȡԪռ䣬ÿԪռŽ˶ʮסȻ뿪̡ȥ̳һ֣һīһͨ·Ѱһͬ·˿ֺī
Ӻͬڳȥһµĵ绰ȻȥһаһͨÿȻ̫ƽһУȥ
ڵ˽ȥŷ̨ȥڷ̨ŮʿŮʿĴ磬û˿֣ÿ춼ܹһ˶ǲҪ¶ݵˡ
ӭ٣һŮʿòվ
Ҫ˻˵
Ҫʲô
ܹ˵ȴǼʮڼƷʯѹ˵
ŮʿɫһһŮʿɿ˵Եȡ
ǸŮʿ뿪˷̨˳һͨ˽ȥһַ˻ߣ
ͷǸŮʿ߹һͨһǰͣŮʿ̧š
洫һ
ŮʿŴ򿪣˽ȥŮʿûнؽŹϡ
վڷܴʱ򣬴һд̨߳һˣ΢ЦųԶԶֵԸΪЧͣ
֮Աߵɳ¡ľӳȥȷֻˣȡһԪռ䣬ǰĲ輸ϡǸǸԪռųʲô
ף
ףɫһ㶣̶ָƽ٣
ܶ࣡
˵ͷŴԪռվߵ˷һǵһǰԪռڣȻ󰴶˼ťʾϾͳһ֣ʴף20
˴ǸʾȻȻӦ˹Ҵҵشȡ˴Ԫռ䣬ͷ˳ꡣ
ˣ˵
̰Ԫռϵ룬Ȼ΢΢ԪռкͼٲһӴԪռ˳̹ر˴Ԫռ䣬ӵץһѴ̵˿о׽ţ۾ʪˣ̧Ĩᣬ˻ص˳ĸǰɳϣȴŴԪռ䣬ųҪίֱӳ۸ǣ
۸ǣʲô۸񣿡
΢˼һµʮƷʯһ
ҡͷ˳ʾԷԪռ仹
ʮ򣡡
֡
ʮ򣡲ܹٶˣ
ɽ
ջ֣ȻȡĸԪռ䣬һΰڷڲ輸ϡ˵ĿһȻɿĸԪռ䣬ǰһһֻ֮ص˳ĸǰܹһסֵʮڼƷʯ˺Ÿң֪ͨʯ㡣
걨Ų˺ţ˵绰֪ͨ˲񣬺ֻܿóֻһ£ȻʮڼƷʯˡ㲻ͣˣ뿪С
ڳ뿪칫֮ɫԥһ£ջûȥٳꡣֻһףСǷһĩ֮ǰ⣬ӦöˣҲûʲôֵ
뿪֮󣬾ͷ˾̫ƽĴй䣬һСʱֲûκ˸ԼԾͿʼҩͱϣһеȾƵһ䣬Ȼ½վһصȷֵļ豸ͽĸֵĲϣַżҾƵꡣ
ļ죬㿪ʼ·ſīʼ̫ƽɨͬˣɴһɨȻ
˵죬ͻ˵ˡ˷ֵļ豸ͲϷֱװ˴ԪռڣȻС˼ɨ꽫ʮڼƷʯøɸɾ
߳˾Ƶֽ꣬ͨÿֻӽ䣬ŻȥѾڸԼҸԼ˻ֹһˣ֪ΪԼķɨɵԭ׼뿪̫ƽһʱ䡣ѾȥǾɽɽ


711 ɽԲ
˻գλϣֳһ˿ָԼ˻ˣԭֻǶߣʱˡ弶߼Ǿż˺һһ弶һǾżڶһ߼һǾżһ弶߼֮䲢ʶǵĹͬĿȴǳꡣ
Щ˻㱨ǵϷ˵ԼҪɻ뿪Щ˱㻻ʵǿ׼ɱԼ
ɽɽΧĻ˷ɻӶһɳɽɽȥǰɽɽ߲٣еȥġеȥڲҩѰʯġеȥɱ޵ġȻҲȥεġ
˾ͼЩ˵иųɽɽȥ
ɽɽ˷ɳ;ֱɽɽȥӰֳų׷ᡣ
أΧѾûˣֻгһǰСȻ䣬ͻȻı˷ȥٶȿ˸еԾرеֻգ֮ʹ֣ǰ
ʱĳѾ˾ٶȣǿ൱Ƕ۷ٶȡ
ˡ
ɽ˸һ£ʵ̫ˣٳ߻ûзӦԴӲǻϵ
ಡ
䵽˵֮ϣĸߣһ˿ЦȻӵ˵ڽԪռȡһϣһ֦ϡ
жĸǱ߿뵽Ǹ֮ҲûгҲûڷʲôսΪɱ˵Ķ̫ˣ൱ǶʵȴѹǼֻ˲顣
һӵʱ䣬һ̲סˣ͵͵Ǳ˹ܿ߾ͽ֮УͷǸǾżӣɫһ䣬ᵽѪζ˲ȥ
Ǿһ˲䣬ʺһӰͬһشͷϷɹ
ÿ죡
ߵԺͷ֮󣬾һƬհס
ۡ
ʺѪŵ䡣
ûǡŲԶһ߷ȥֻʣһˣܹԼߡ߼ʶ˳ٶ֮Ҳ֪ٶƴ꣬ۼǷо֪ԼѾ귢̴֡ӴԪռȡ˱ӭų˹
ǿͻȻϮŷֱɱĸˣƾǵʵҪɱ겻⡣
ǡ
ˡ
ǰ·һըѣʮɽХֻ˲˾ͱʬɾؽĸ˵ĴԪռ֮˲ʧԭأʬûȥŲһǵѪ֮ͻޣ޷ʳһգҲûڣȥЩ˵ûбҪҲû֪
һ֮󣬽չ̽һΧûˣŽһͷƽʱ·ȡǰǳսɽɽȥ
޾ɽһѹȶһеսһһնŸƵɽɽƽ
µĿޣóڽɽԲ硣
ˡ
һɽѣڳǰһ蹵ˮӿվΣƸֳϲ֮ɫ
õԺͽǳ
ɽԲ磬Ȼ߸µʱѾȥʵû˿Ľսȴһ
ûȥһʵˣ
ص̫ƽǣȥϴ裬һ·ŻصԼıһ䣬κͷ׷״˳
ϴЩȥˣ
ľɨˣһ˿ϲĽѾͻƵļڡҲڴﵽһڡ
ҳȥһµЦеļǼˣŵӵʵˡ
תε˵ʵҲҪ׷ˣ
ⶼϴƵҩãм˵
ɣγԾʵϴʵһֱû
ţνصͷĸµҩֳȥµĵʵû
ֳһ˿ǵ磬в¾ǻŵʱ㲻ܹͻƣҪ͸ˣ
û£국Ц˵ԭЩҲûп
˵ʲôģδɤźϴʣټǳҩµʱ㹻ˡѵΪϴµʱﻹܹ弶ͻƵ
˵Ҳǣźס
ˣϢһ죬Ȼͻȥ
ϴ㻹ȥγԾʵ㲻ˣ
аţ
˵Լķȥ߽Լķ䣬ʵ̤̤ʵʵ˯һЩһֱҩ񾭱˼£һ˯ʮСʱ࣬۾
˴ϣ˳˼ֵļ豸Ͳ϶Ѿȫ˴ҩͱЩҩͱ㹻ʮǼ֡Ҫ֪ǳʮڹֵļƷʯ֮⣬µʮڼƷʯҩͱ֮ϡҳ껨ѵĻֹЩڴɽɽʱȥһεڶһгһۣõʮڼƷʯȫ˹ҩͱ
ȻʮǼҪʱ䡣Щҩͱӵ˵չĻӵ˵ĵ


712 
Ѿ֪д½߸Ͳٽд½߿һĵشֵǰֻһЩΪߵСһЩСðŲŻǰȥ
Щ˳ȥãŷ֣Ҳ޵ĹȻҲŵģĵÿһǰðźСͼ嶼ɱʱһд½߸߲Ļɣ˵Ǹʱд½ͻǲһǰ鿴д½֮ս˵ͻῪ
ԳоԼܽȣҪ̵ʱԼԼʵд½Ҳòصĵز˲ܹ֤İȫ
ҪһԼʵˣ
뿪̫ƽǣ뵽ХɽȻֱ⡣Ҳûзд½ձչء
ÿնһǳҩż뵽ΪԼԵġ׷ͱ⡭
һǳҩ˾޴ͬʱҲ˾޴ʹࡣţԼûв֮ԼѾű˲֪ٻأԼ֪˶ٻء
ڲһǳҩⲿǳ֮óʵһǧĸµʱ䣬óʵ弶һ·Ǿż۷塣
֪ԼһǳϣҪͻǼҪʼǳ°벿ʼѨ֮ˡҪǼĻٺʵһЩ˵Ҳ˷ŵʱ̡
ص̫ƽǣĸ֮ټ䣬κ˵ʵһεõѾͻƵҲͻƵ
ϴʲôʵ´ųʵ
Ǿż۷壡
ֱӰڳһʹı飬漴ϴ˵ԿʼѨˣ
Уҡͷʱֻͻƣȴûкʵη֮Ҫȥһʱ䣬ǼĻʵȻܹͻơҲҪȥһֻܹǱ᲻ȡ
ţΣ׷׵ͷ
׼һ£Ҳ÷ˣ
磬˵裬ģŷΣʲôʵ
˼һ£ջҡͷ֪ҾǵĽǿ죬ϾǳҩûС
˵Ŷ΢΢üͷ˵ǼҲȱٺõĺõҩȻҩˮȣǵʵ֮ǰͺǿҾĸҲϴһﵽǾż۷壬ԲͻƵǼ
šҲΪͷˣҪôࡣ죬Ȼ󷵻ڡ
죬ĸûֻÿ̫ƽй䡣һйĸ˷̫ƽǶ̸飬һ̫ƽǵÿܶһרᣬĶǴסڵڶҲƵ飬һÿܶһᣬĶۡ
ͽ˳꣬һָоڳйءҲװһӣýЩԼжϡ
֮󣬳ĸ˳ɻڡ
ڼʮӶд½طšʮ½صŵļҪĵһǴ
ڼ񾳽ģܹоŲ㣬һżҲҪΪǵһξſˣҪ𡣵Ȼųڶֻ֪߸ʽǹؾǹأû˿Υ
ĸ˻ıȽڵһٰʮѾкܶളȥŻŴȥˡ
˳Щ֮⣬µľ󲿷ּҲֻͣУֻ߾һŬɹس嵽˵ھŲ㣬ȻȥŴܹһ㣬ͳΪŵӡ
ĸǰʱǰΧ˺ܶˣһŵĸһǧÿһ¶Χźܶߣÿ϶һʾʾǰʮ֣Ŵʱ䡣ԭǸݴʱŶġ
οɲÿųʮһǧһǧǰʮǰʮȥԼϤ֣ȫԱһٰʮеߡڵһľܸȤ졣
ȥɡϽ꣬ȥŵĸ
δţЩεÿĽ˳ĸˡЩߴεоܹǱڵĵӣһʵԶԶسǣȻԳĸʮ𾴡
磬ȽȥԾԾԡ
ȥɣ
˳س˸̨濴šֶʮ룬ʹӸڳͷһۣǰʮû֣һҲԵͷһʱҶû˷ѣÿ˶СһǰⲨܹﵽ߿ɲࡣ
ϴȥˣ
ҲӦس˸ǳ꣬ЩҲڿǸĻҪǷܹǰʮ
ˣ
ͻȻ˴󺰣ȻڴĻϳε֣ŵ˵˿ڵһʵѾ
δӸڳԼҲһ£ԭΪԼ嵽һû뵽ֻ˵ܿϲ
䣬ҳ𣿡
Сһ
䲻мƲƲ죬Ÿȥһ룬嵽˵ڶ伷˵ЩȻ࣬ǿ˵ʵ似
ϴһҪõһδغ


713 
ͷߵ˸ǰһ˸ȡǳһһĻˡ
ֱӳ˳ȥɽԲն˳ȥ

Ǹ˲䱻÷飬ѾȥڵĵѿЩƬ˽ȥȻһˣ±պϡ
ʮ룡
߳˸䶯ٶǴûмģڵʷҲûмٶȡһĿ˾η
ϴ󡭡䣬κҲͣһŵģ
߰ɣȥţȷ
ϴ󣬵ȵȡ
䣬κҲ׷׷˿У˺档
Ǹ˾ȥĵһȻǿһƬηĿ
ĸ档ŵӴԼˣͬһǧĿûзһߣЩ߶ѾûбͫߣЩϼ߶ѾͻƵǼ
ûһ߰
ĿŸϵʾȥڵһλɵ죬ʱʮ롣
ǿʼɣ
һ𣡡
ã
ĸ˷ֱѡ˽ȥ֪ĸ˶ȥѡ֡û˺ĸͬʱ˸
ʮһ룡
Ӹ˳ӭ˫𾴵ÿߵﶼʮܹɼһʵǼ߽ߣ˵оż֡
һʮ룬һ䣬κŸϵʾɾҡͷĬĬظųŷȥ
š
Ӳһ򣬵ǾǼߣӵаĸ˸֮ǰ˽һٸȥѡ֣ѡûл
꿴¶վһĿŸ֮ϵʾȥʮûһʶġһȨߣŲʱ롣
ֻҪ˾Ų㣬ζӵǾż۷ʵʱǸȨһȺΧţߵĹϲ
ʦ֣һţȥ껹ǾżڣѾͻƵǾż۷壬ֻҪϳɹܹΪ洫ӡ
һ
ò˶ãʦ־ͻ洫
ʦ֣һЩȥе߿˳ĸ˹׷׵Χ˹شкҲ΢ЦŻӦšϲģҲϲλҲͻƣϲҡ
ͬϲͬϲЩҲ׷Цػ񣺡ʦ֣ʲôʱȥǿʦֵķɡ
ĿŸȥһ֮ǰŶӣͻƵŵӴʱŶӴţҶǼȻǲźͼõط
ŶӰɣ
ȥɣ磬٣
ã
˴ӵųĸһȥһߵķȨ˳һۣ΢΢üͷʵʲôˣ
Ǹһ߲м˵ʦȥһֱڱչز֪Ǹ˽꣬ȥĵһ
ŶȨ¶һ˿Ȥȥʲôʵ
弶
ŶȨ¶һ˿ʧֻһʱ䣬ţҲ߼˵ֻ
ҪˣֻǸոսڵĲеɼΪԼˡڴȻҪʦֵġ
ȨǫЦЦҲֻܹΪŵ⣬洫ӺʥǸ滹ֻܹ
Էʦֵţò˶þͻ洫ģ
ǺǺǡ㼪ˣ
һСʱֵ˳ĸˡļȥɣ
ã
ͣ꣬һ˷ȨЩˣһ˫˫Ŀⲻע˹
˶֪ʵԶǰ㶼ûʲôģֻǹȥʮ룬ڶζһѾ˵ڶ㡣ʮ֮󣬵
Χ۵ĳΧɫ¶˳Ծ֮ɫʵǶǳĽҲ̫ˡЩ˵Ŀⲻ˳꣬ˣĥţ֪˻ͻƵʲôز
ĿͻȻһΪĲѾ֤Ѿ˵Ĳ㡣ʱ˶ܽţǶҪ֪ӵǳ֮֮󣬾ǷܹԽս
ʱһһعȥڵμһȭͷֻгƽΪѾԽսľҲҪ֪ܹԽ
䣬κڵǳ֮ͳ˺ܶࡣܹԽһҲܹԽ
ȻҲֻܹԽһûдͨ㣬һͨ˳ϵ˷ܵЦݡ
УֻļҲ̫ѷ˰ɣȨߵһ߼˵ܴ󣬳ҲŭصǸһۣļʾҪƽϡ
ôС㲻Ǹ߼
Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫Űν۾ԲˣصŶԷ
ҾˣΣ
Ҳݣδ󲽾ŶԷȥһְֻļϣ국˵ȥ
ָǸ˵˵СӣҴʰ㣡
ҵ㣡Ǹ˺ʾ˵
һ˴ˣ˵ĿⶼҪǸǸղźųСӣȥĴһ
ղѾþ̽Էһ߼Ǹ˼겻ΪɫӵزмСӣҲҺ


714 ڴ
תͷŶԷãһЦҴͱ
͡Ǹ˵طһЦС
ΧҲӵųֻ꣬гΧЩμӹ߷ŭص˶ԷûܵԷЦ˿Ӱ죬ɵ˵Ǻҽֵ߶Ҫһ׼ǾԣҪͲҪˣҪҡ
㡭
ΧشЦǸߵ̱ɫҪٶȿڣȴȨ˵֤
ʦ֡
ȿǴذɣ
֤ɫһ䣬ŷȨ۹⣬аѵǸСӵʵҲɡҲûмǳųһĿ˸ȨȤһ۳꣬ûгѾĿ˸ɫ΢΢ҲĿ˸
ʱѾ֤Ѿ˵㡣漴ǵĲ㣬㣬㣬߲㡭
֤ɫˣδ˵߲֤Ѿͬһʵʱ򣬵߲ˣڰ˲֤Ѿ߼ʵ֤ɫӵزÿֱڰ˲ˣھŲûɫ΢ÿһЩ
һδһͨ˳֤ȥСӣ
ǺǡЦ˼Ҳģ˼Ҫϴ
ιŹֵЦһҪĽ𣿡
Ľ࣡䲹

һߴЦһ߳˸֤ɫǺ죬ȴûгܹڰ˲㣬֤Ѿ߱ǵڰ˲ʵֶԳʮƳ磬˵ʲô
ɿһ۷ȨаѵѾǾżʵ
ܿ죬Ҳڵڰ˲㴳ʧ˳
ϴ󣬿ˣ߹˵
ţͷŸȥ
꣡ͻȻȨڵܹھŲ㣬˺дʸ񣡡
ס˽ŲŷȨͻȻһЦҴͱд裬ҵ˼㶮
䣬һ˸
㡭ֵ˷ȨɫǺ졣
ʦ֣һһҪúýѵ֤һԹĶ
ݣϵڶˣ
֤Ļδ䣬˺ξһ𣬻Ȼתף㿴괳ǸڶѾ
ǵ㣬Ĳ㣬㣬㣬߲㡭
ûжټÿһκķѵʱԼֻ롣
⡭
ݣڰ˲ˣ
ھŲˣ
֮ϵʾʾ֣أ
Ȼǳ֣ͬʱʮʱ䡣
Ȩɫʮѿӣ˰Ӷһ㣬ʵϵĲ໹д
ȨһԲתߣų
һߣ֤ЩΧҲ̽뿪ͣν˫£ߺ˭ˣдˣ
ಡȨ˿С
ʦ֣ȥףһ£ЩμӴ߶Գ귢롣
ãʹشӦȻ˵뼸ˣ
磬Ҫ˭
ηǣһóֻһ˵֪ͨ˺η֮󣬳վһǵ죬΢һ£ȥ
죬һȥףһ£
ɫԥһ£̧ͷɨһ۽ǣ˵ͷ
ʦܣ
һηʮҩʦ˹ʱЩҲ֪ͨ˶ҩʦһж˷û˲Ըύҩʦһٶ˳ɽ£һƵꡣ
ʦܣƹѲ֮󣬺ηϣųûȤٲݷ壿
ҡҡͷܿҪ뿪
ţηֵʵλΪŵӣŵӾͲᰲǳȥЩΪʲôҪ뿪
ҲڹҪһЩ񣬳ȥһ¡
Ҫɱ޵񣿡ηԾʵ
ţ
ͷʵǼ٣Ҫص򿴿Ѿ뿪ʱˡҲ֪ĵΣڹƼҪ̷ص򣬽֣һǿߡ
֮
ȫϡͬʱҲӭһһȵڴȡڴĸŽУȵĵصһڡ
ҲڴδȣҲҪ裬ŷΣɳʲôزȷֳΣֱǼӣŵӣŵӣ洫Ӻʥӡÿεĵֻдǰвμڴȵʸ
ŵеֻг½ӣ˶ϵӡһǷȨһ֣ɡ
δӵڵĸƣϣʮӳŷɻһڷȥ
ѡһͨϴİƣ˼ڼĴ֮ϣѾɻ˵˻
ɻһڵĻ䣬һڵĸӭӽһԺ֮ܿȴʮֵưƺǫ飬ûа취Ѿٽˣ
ǲˣʼ󣬶ڴ֮ʱڵĵӾˣƵǫֻϣܹŭԷӮöԷ顣
˲ҪѾôˣֻҪӲ˾С
룬ڵĵȴ룬ΪģεġǶԼţȻŸ治˵ʲôϵĲȴԶ׼
ǺǡԷĸЩӵɫֻǺǺͽƸǡ
кܾᣬȻǲܹѹЩӵģҲǳЩӵҪ֪ʮӶڸεľӢֻҪˣǾʧ


715
̾ϢһʮӼ䣬Ʊ뿪ȥڴϵȥˡ֪ԼһȥٵĶ䳰ȷΪЩӵȴò
Т졣ʥ֮ס
ڽƺ뿪֮Ȼɨµʮĸ˵ҴҪľڴ֮ϸȡʤ˭ʧˣһὨδһĸ
˷׷׳ǣҲصͷǡ
ȥҺú
䣬ТȥҲѰһ䷿ȥ˷Ȩ꣬ҵſ̨ϻɱ֣
Ųͣе˵ԷǶԷʵ
˷ҲûгҲûһֱǳ°벿ĵһ㹦ʱ˿Ѩϵķ˷֪֮Լ뿪Ѩϻһξ롣ҪԼԪӵҪѹڵǳֻ֮һ̶ȣпѨ֮Ļᡣ
Ԫһ򣬳ʱ·¡Ϊȵʱ̵ˡ
ڴȵĹܼ򵥣ͨǩֳ飬һںڳ鵽һ飬ںڳ鵽һ
ȻսȥǰޣĹޡֻҪķȫ˱ӮñһͻʤȻлʤһǾ֮
һں֮У꿴ڵŷΣڵĳڵ裬һڵŵûпģĲûдһڵǰ
ںһ֮УȽеıڼнСڼӵʵ˽⣬ʵеӵʵ˽⡣Ҳڵӵʵڵӵʵǿյıһڻʤ
ںڼ֮ıȶγһֱ۵ӡֻǿһ΢΢ҡͷ˵ڵļӻ˱ӮڣҲһڵĵźܴĲڻ˱һˣһֻʣһ
ʵΣʣµǸӽе˸ǰһʱо͸Ͻ䣡
䣬ĿɨеĵӣĿ˼ʮ仰˵ġ
ڵӶǺǳҲ΢΢Щ죬⡭Щ̫ˡδϳ䡭
ȻںڼıУںܿТݺݵһ
֮ıܿһڻ˵һڵڶڵڵġ
ƵȻѿȴһǸų֮̂ϡ
һıʹ˽ڵĵӶԴ߻פأ굹ɫƽϽص˼ûзڱϣֻܹˡ
һصפأξֱӱ˼޷ǾǳЩ˶ڵľӢڵδܹҪо䣬򲻿ƴڵƵ䵽㡣
ڶ졣
ŵ֮ıձη˱仯ڻ˵һɵڶһڻ˵ǵġûеֻһ΢ˣⶼڵӼʱ䣬ĳЦڵĿ̨ϣʥТ£һǺͬһ㡣
ɫҲܲÿڱЦ˭Ҳ᲻ȻûаԼд½ˣûаԼڵˣֱЦĻˬǳزˬ
صפأ뿪֮Тضų꣬Ȩ֣ɵţ첻䣬صҲŹǡ
Ȩ֣ɵɫһ䣬ȴͬûһתԼķȥܹоТĿⶾضĺϡ
졣
ڷһ·ϣТ⾭ߣѹ˵꣬䣬Ҿͷ㣬һӾһˣ
ȻתȻТ죬Ŀ޾ɱ⡣Тɫһ㶣ȫû뵽һССŵӾȻҶεͷɱ⡣
Т죡ǰ˽Ƶ
Тѹзڵķŭһһ˦䣬ǰȥȨ֣໥һۣɶ̾һԼ̨֮ϵ˸еǡ
ڵλôȥڶλ֤ŵڶĿⲻһλȥһʮҵӣӣ
ȿһں֮УĿһ边Ȼһλϣ֤һŵλһ
軹һŰвɸֽ̾Ŀڣŷλ
ȥĵһһڣαһޣڹޡһλǸվһݱɵ̨֮ϣӴԪռȡһ˴ǹȻλŷΡ
ಡ
ŷε̨֮ϣ˵Ľѵһ䵽̨֮ϣʮ˱ɽͷӵΧơ

һ죬ŷε̺ͶԷ˾룬ͬʱʮ˱ɽӸǶŶԷȥ˫Ŀ΢΢һУŷεΪһﲢûжߣ񲻹߼ǾȴѾﵽ˼Ʒ۷壬Ѿ൱Ǿż۷塣
ʵͶԷ˾룬ǳ궼оͷʹͱ˵ԷһǸˡ


716
ȻԷȫһľ棬ŷδݿһػɱ˶ԷȻһڵĶλߣӭ˵е衣
һϣЦˡȡһ취ǽս÷겻͸ֻվ̨뽫ʮ˱ɽһһڵȥ˾ǺŷκˣҪŷεľĸɾ
һ취ҲһЧİ취վҪȽԼԪĸɾˣȽŷεľĸɾˡ
ĿһоһŷξͲȥ˵ˣռȻơ裬һ־˼һս˵ĻǷβ͸ˮò߾Ƕײȴûһɽ͸Ļ
ŷλ裬߼ʵ裬Ǿͺûʲô
ǡ
ʮ˱ɽڿ۳һ󽣣նȥԲӦ䡣
ϡ
󽣺ݺݵնĵĻ֮ϣĵĻȥһ飬εһ漴ǵĻָֻ˹

ŷεĴ󽣲ͣŵĻն䣬һ¹о־Ļüͦޱȡ
ŷε䣬ľѾĵ˼¡ڶλվվ̨֮ϣĹͬûʲô취ֳֻսܹڵԪĸɾ궼ԾԪһֱûĸɾ·޾һ㡣
ǲ֪ǣһֱһŷƤĵҩںڶλ߼һʱҧƤҩ̷˽ȥԼԪ˲õ˻ָ
ڵĶλҲȥˣȴû˿衣ΪԪҲܿϿڵһλߡ
ȻԷܹŵһλǾ֤ԷʵȻʵҲͬǼƷ۷壬ǾĴȲͬͬһľߣ˴˵ĲھϣͬͬһߣʵĲԪϡԪԽʵҲԽǿ
ͬĴԽߣսҲԽǿ־ҲԽǿ
һƬĻַı취ԸԼһλɫ¶һ˿мʮ˱ɽһһ裬ȽԪľѾս£轫Լȥһͷ̨֮ϡ
ԣֵúɣȴ迪䡣
Ȼ
ƬĻѿһӣһĹâͬһһشǸ˳
ˡ
һսǸߵǰأͷȫĲšôҲû뵽ᷴҷֶλ˦ֵǰ˦սٶ̫ˣѾ١ս͸֮ս
顭
ˤ̨֮ϣ۾Ŀ

ž
Եļž
˭Ҳû뵽ַʽⳡȶվ̨֮ϣ˳꣬Ȼת̨صһڵλãӭһڵĻ
ֵں֮ıһ̨ڵλߣһ꣬־ɡ
ڵλ֣ɣһݳ̨־ʹһѳ֣ʹȴһ˳ǹ
֣ɲ־Ȼ̤ǰһ˫һšǹ־ɺХȥ־۾΢΢еĳ˿ֻס֣ɴǹڿеĹ켣
Ȼ
־ɶˣеĳƮ𣬴˼Хһ˴ǹǹ֮ϡ
ֻ˲䣬֣ɾ;ʮܡ
ÿһֱ֮־һ˴ǹ
ˡ
˴ǹһɴ˳Ŵǹ֣ɵֱۣʹ֣ɵ˫۷飬ǹЩַɳ
ۣ
֣ɵһһû꣬͸оһǰըѣæ֮佫еĴǹһᡣ

־ɵĽײǹ֮ϣ֣ɵһ·ˡ
ۡ
һѪڶ䡱־Ȼûм˵ڡ
˻
ŵһ֣ɵĴǹ趯ѾЩ׾
ۡ
ᴩ֣ɵʺ־ɵε˳ȥ㿪֣ʺѪȵ̨֮ϣһſʵײڶλķȨ
顭
֣ɵʬˤ̨֮ϣȨһ顣ڵߵ̨֣ɵʬȨһҧ̨
һУηȨûȳ֡ȻԷۣԼȳУᱻԷ㣬ǻˡ
־ɵֳһ˿ŲŷȨ˹ȥûŷȨȥһһŷȨȥÿǰһϵƾͱһ֣־ɵڷȨҰбߴȨоԼڱС·ԷһָܹԼ
Ȩ֪ԼԷѹסˣԼԷġӵ۵ʵ̫ˣȳֻᱻԷҪˣȴԷѹơ
Ȩ֪ԼѾûгֵĻˣٲ䣬ֻ·һΪѾԷѹơ
䣡Ȩѵ˵λϵТɫһ䣬ȨĿ
Ȩ͸طڵλãӵؿһТ죬ĬĬ˳ԡ
꣡Тش˹ɲҪʧ
ס˽Ųת׿Т죬˵㻹Ƕ࿼Լıɣ
䣬תףһšγվ̨֮ϡ
־Ŷĳ꣬ʵֳһ˿ϣ㲻Ҫ䣡


717
ǰɣȡһƷսƷսİѡŶ־ɵ˵ҿô⣡
顭
Ĵ̨һ壬αͬһһس˶Է־˿ųǰ壬ڵȴ֡

ڵǳ֮ھתǾż۷͵˼£ɽԲսսĵͷų貵Ĺâ
ս˿ͬһ׵նơ
־ɵǸһ˿ЦѾ˳սĽ
顭
飬ɽ
սŵ鲻ˣĵƬӵ䡣
ۡ
Ƭٶȳ٣ǵһ˿ЦӲϣѪ˳ȥصˤ̨֮ϡ

꽫ʣеĵӵ̨֮ϣĿڶλϵĳ㣬޵Ŀͬ˳ꡣ
̨Χ˼žжˣûʤʹ졣
һбеУɾ䣡
Ȩֳ֮ɫڸ֮ʶǿû뵽ǿ˳̶ȡ
Тֳһ˿⣬ֻҪӮͺãڳðԺԡԼһʥӻһŵӼƽ

ƵɫԵһ£ȫû뵽һеС⵶Ҳ̫ˣȻһ˵֪⵶ֻһУһס
ڵĴ֮Ҳһ֪ղŲû̫ע־֮ıԣںԵ˵ʱ־̨֮ϣгɱȻ־֮ŵӣ־ɵʳΪ洫ǰ϶飬˵ΪʥӡһӢȻնɱ̨֮ϡ
־ɵʬ屻̧ȥӰһվ̨֮ϡгɱⶢŶĳꡣ
꣬ұɱ㣡
국Ŷĳ㣬ȡһƷսĿ΢ʱѾ
Ҳӭȥ֪ܹóһƽԼÿǰһϵƶһ֣ѾһɽԳ㲻ܹȴٵȴȥֵĻᶼС
ԣڳ̤һʱ򣬳Ҳ̤˵һǰĲ˵ڿײײоͷ¡ı֮
궯ˣͬһʣųնȥ˫Ŀ΢Сֻ˲Ϳ˳һ֪һܿͻ飬ǸҲ֮ʧ
еĳ˲趯ȡƣһʵĽĻǰγɣ©һ˿϶Ļ֮󣬳¶һ˿Цǳǿ似ֻʽһһ
ųɽܹƿķֻҪȴĵƺľ֮ʱ
顭
飡ɽ

һƬܼĽײеսƬ㶼ĽĻ棬Ȼʱֱ۷飬޴ѾĽĻײ
ǡ
һжˣĵѾľֵˣ
顭
˫ĿȻһţ¶֮ɫв֪ʲôʱһսն¡
飡ɽ
սƬХ⻹Ϊ𾪵ģΪ𾪵еĵսѾն¡

ڶսƬײԭѾ¶ĽĻֻ˲㽫ĽĻײ֧顣
顭
һը죬еĵս飬ֻǰһƬǵ㣬սƬХ壬оԼʶģ˫ĿɢŲţ屻ײ÷صˤڵϡ

ž
е˶ֱѵĴ򷨾ˣǸ߸ϵТжֳһ˿塣֪ϵɱεͷ˳Ŀ֧ͬ˳ꡣȴ·ûиоһ㣬ֻǽĿһλǸӡ
顭
һ죬ӵĽ´һƬѣγ̨֮ϡеɱʵ壬ȡһ޸˳ꡣ
ֶһս˵ƤӶһ飬вɰĵֵҲ̫ܼ˰ɣһбһƷսţԣγȡǼƷս

γȡľǼƷսǼƷϵȵǳļƷµսƷսѾˡֻȡѼƷս
Ŀһ껹ܹѼƷսĻûһ˿İսʤԷ

Ӧûһ˿ڳһ֮

𣬳սƽ˹ӽһҧ̨֮һ壬ͬһڵһ˳꣬еľ޸ɽһųȥ
ɽ˫Ŀһҿο
ɽĵһʽն˳ȥͬһΡɽŶѹ˹ȥ
䡭
һһҵײһ𣬾޴ʧϡΡĸɽ룬һ޸ͬɱ
꣡
Ʋɴ֪¶һ˿ЦݡТֳһ˿ϧ
һâͬһ߷ͻֱɽĵڶʽն˳ȥ

ǿɽ޸˳ȥƳ³һ˫Ŀһ
Ȼеڶʽ
һݣҲһμʹɽĵڶʽһʽͻɽ壬˽о
ɽ
ĵʽն˳ȥ

˫̨֮ͬһ㣬ûܹǰһȴҲû˺һȫӲӲͬһɽÿһ̨ϵĿһıĵȴͬȺɽһ㣬಻


718
ܹÿһǳĵƱ任̫죬һδڶѾնһһҲȫץסҳĵȺɽ࣬ƺȣоԼȫĵ֣㶼ɣΨкͳӲƴһ·

˫۷飬ʧȥ֪޸ֶʵӺͳһҡֳʵ̫ˣѾǾż۷ܹȥˡǳȺɽĵƳǵľ鲻
Ʊľ޸һǰ
Ķ䣬սѾս磬̨֮Ծȥ󡭡
ۡ
ӵм伤Ѫɢֳˤ̨֮ϡ
ƽ߻Լλ£΢΢Ƹ˵ת׶Գ˵꣬ġȥһӱ㡣
̧Žƹֵл
꣡Т¶һ͵Ŀȥ֮Ҳһݽ͸㣡
Ƥһ·ûТĻһ㡣Тɫһ䣬˼Լݣֻһתȥ
ڶӶѾˣȴӿԳսڲսʤΪŵڴȵĵû˸ˣⲻҪΣҪǵһرŷΣǽĿ裬ҲûзŹꡣ
ˣֱֵںһǾ֮ս
ಡ̨ûиһǸ̨Ļᣬȷ̨˳Ȼȵ꣬ھɣ
ӷȨľٶ÷Ȩǵͨ죬Ҳ֪ԼĶ֡վ΢΢һüͷ֪Լɱ裬λ롣Ȼһֱ֮ԱǣκϾֵܡ
ô𣿡迴˳һüͷֳһ˿мңɣ
һվ̨֮ϡ˵εϣ㲻
㡭ڵһԲѣ
һ۲ĬĬȡս˶衣ҲȡսųȻȵ꣬ĵΪԵʮʽ
ͷ¶֮ɫ赹Ҳ䣬Ҳ˵ĵɽҲʮʽ
ãϵսⲪҾӲӲʮǲң
Ը

һɲǣâѾ貶Ŀ
̫ˣ
йͬʱֳһʵ߳ҲˣԼεʱǾԴﲻٶȡ
Ȩӣʱг˿־壬ֻңԼų̨̂һҲֵס

̨ܼ֮ײ籩꣬˲Ѿʮ𾪲ѡһǰԼ߼겻弶һ˫ȴվͬһײ㣬Ǿż۷塣
ӳϢĲܹһǾż۷壬Ľ֮󣬴ӶԷս֮ϴȴоԷǲǼߣһǼߡ
ֻǺͶԷӲƴʮ˫Ѿ飬սЩղס

ʮĵоԼŵѾһ˿ɶеսͬһҪڷɶȥ

ʮ嵶еսһ˳ȥһѶϢر۾ֻоʺһƬ
𣿡
ſ۾һսĵʺսת̨ȥ
ųԾµıӰȻ꣬Ҳɱңұɱ㣡
δͣԼλǰ£̧ͷ̨֮Ŀ赭˵հҵУԺ͸ûлˣ롭Ǹһ˿ЦԺĶˣţҲֻǶʱڵĶ֣ܿξͻὫ˦󡣡
һҹ
ǻֵģõŵӴĽһǧƷʯʮƿԪҩƿѨҩǾż۷ߵĽǸѨϵҩҩķӳҲУΪƷҩ껹ûƹ֮ǰΪҲûбҪơ
õҩ굹ԼӦöһЩҩ׼֮󣬲ȥһЩҩϰһȵܹɹƵʱڵĲҩơϾڵĲҩҩ䳬꣬ƳҩЧҪǿܶ࣬˷ˣʵǿϧ
ҲóʮƿԪҩƿѨҩΪŽ͸˳꣬ТȴȡһǧƷʯꡣûƴǣ׸ĲҪײҪ
ʤһɨƣڵ洫оȻûٵףǵõ˵
ǵһʥ֮սУȫûһһТҲˣʥ֮սһ
Тɫѿ֮ǰһֱǳڵӣû뵽ֵԼʱȴܵøɾ䣬һûȫˣܵ˺оÿĿⶼųЦ
ƵɫŵЦݣô˵һڴûȫף洫ŵһѾ֮꿴õĳɼ
صţڴȵϢѾ˻ټ˳꣬úճΪ洫ӣȻһӣǧƷʯֽʮƿԪҩʮƿѨҩ


719
뿪˼򣬱䵽ŵסǽȹһʱ⡣
ŵҪڸ˵Ҳ뿪ŵģֻгΪŵӲŻ뿪ųȥ
ǳΪڴȵһڳ£갲ŵӵĹȻòһ꣬ȴ뿪š
ŵӵȻȼӵ˺ֻܶ࣬ӡǼӶ֮⹤ŵǶ֮ڹԸĵһоӵࡣ
꣬䣬κѡ˽һĸԺסεĵһ仰ǣΣҸԺĶ㣬ں̵ܶʱﳬ
εʱˣεļһȥһ꣬߼ǾżǴǶļǳҩҪ貢ûпܡǳܹԽսĹΣҿ㣡
۾һʲôʱȥսģҾ͸ȥս裡
˫һãһŬ˭ȥս
ûȥഺʢ꣬ȥ˰ٲݷ壬ηһգȻںηĴ¹һЩԪҩͳѨҩĲҩԼľȻҩ
ʧʮ֮󣬳ڳɹƳҩǳûڵĲҩʼƣùĲҩƣвҩһյʱ򣬳ֲҩĳɹѾﵽ˰ٷ֮١ҳɹƳʮƿԪҩʮƿѨҩ
㿪ʼڵĲҩҩƳһƿ֮󣬽ŵʱѾȥһ¡ʰһУ׼뿪д½ص
˳ȥ䣬κҲûдǣĵ뿪ڡ
Ϲ˴Ŀѧϣ굹˼ηɻص˳ʼд½Ǹӡ
һ죬Ȼ֣ŵķȥû̫ƽǹһܷ˵ҹһܷûġĿ̫뱩¶Լ١
ʵѾﵽǾż۷壬Ǵﵽ˼ƷļڹƼУ꿪ʼķУԾУһ֮㿪ʼ߷Уͬʱָ֮ͨԾУȻʳҩָԪ
һٶȱȵӵδ½Ҫ࣬ӵǰд½˰ʱ䣬ٶȴԼµʱͻ᷵ص
ÿ죬ҲѡһطϢ졣ȻС˷ʮ죬ƵľƵڵĴ֮󣬳ľٴεõﵽ˼Ʒļڣ൱ڡ
˳еٶһһ£²µʱܹص
һա
ͬһһڿзУȻڿжסΣվڰ֮ǰȥ
ǰĿгһ޴ķӵķ
Կ϶ԲǵķȻ۽ˣַ֪д½һģҲܹȷĵַַд½Ƕڵ˵ڸ߿Ƽ
ַʹõĲǵϵĺԴʯʯҲһԴһָԴ
΢΢۾ȥ˼ܹ϶ҷһѺŵˡҷӦд½ЩðŻǵСǰȥð̣ĻϣѹεϵԴץ˻صд½Ϊū
ϵʱѾԴĿǰûǰķ˵ҷǴӵ򷵻ĵһҷ
ַĳ˵Ѿǲһ൱ļڵľǾż۷ľҲܹǳ겻ܹôһװŲ׽ĵˣһڳС
ҴӽϢҲǰЩд½ûʵ̫ǿģ󲿷ֶǱͫǼҲᳬ弶
һ˷еķϣʱڷеļʻڣһߴĺüͷԶƮڿеĳꡣλϵļʻԱɫЩŵ˵Ǹ˷зϣô죿
ı䷽ܲ˦
֪ǲ֪ʵֱǣӦǼߡ
ǸһӵǼ߽ߣǷϵҲ
ô죿ԽԽˣǸʻԱԽӵĽҪͣһ£
ҶԳģ㲻ǿҲҪ٣ͣͱٻˡ
ҧҧڣȻȥٶȷУ챣ܹ˦
꾲ŶɹķĿͻȻһ˴ӷ·̽ĸӣǾķܵ
꾲ڿеͻȻʧˡ
һ̡
ѾǸ·ٵ˫ץס˷ܵһ£ĸܵͱˡ
ʻڵĻͼʻԱʱˣƾŸղųͻȻٶȣǾ֪ˣǾǼٶȡ
һǼôͻȻһǼôСðţǰеĶ͸˼ң˼Ҳÿһ۰ɣ


720
ѵǶԷʲô飬ֻҪһԼ
һ뵽ǸĺˡԼȴȵ˶Էǿɾˡ
ͣ£򿪲ţ
̺ȻٵŲȥŴ򿪣Ǹ϶ЦݴӲ˳ųϹλ硭ʲôԸ
ȻǴ
شĻǴӵǸϳĵЦݡ
Ŷ¶һ˿֮ɫʲôջ񣿡
磡ǸûлشĻڵ˵ɣﻹһò裡
ţͷһɽ˻գ˻ңǸڵظһ裬ָõ濴ƣ治С
ǣԭһͻĴͷѾ˷ڣ̭ðű㽫
ţ
ͷԼľͷ˳ȥ˲ͽֽ˾硣һЩڻʲôĶУ˯ģƵģȾƵġ
һ£Ȼжٶˡź̽ȥܶգѻźܶණ꿴Щ죬ԵһﻹһŻܣϷڷһŴԪռ䣬ӵϵõ
ƣһ޴Ĳңӵźܶˣǵˡһϰ಻ɫί٣һܵ˲ٵĥһ޴ĲλԿһ£Ѻаǧˡ
оһ𣬾˲ɨ˹ȥɨһ֮־ЩûлŷĹĸ߲㣬ҲûиЩŵĸ߲ԱҲһЩʶˣ˵һ˵ʱ򣬺һȥɹִĸ߹֣¹
ʱĸ߹һ˿߹ģŵ¹ũҵˣһũˡ
ջ˾Ǹһĵվĸǰ
˻
һһһɽǸʺǸ˫ʺ﷢Ǻǡһ·ţˤڵϡ
ˡ
ʮɽڳͷһνͷ˳ȥʮɽӲڷɳȥһշȥոһֻǲӵʱ䣬ڶٶд½߾㶼˳ķɽ֮£ʻڵļʻԱҲ⡣
ϵĲ豭һȻվŷĺȥ˹Ѻ˵Ĳǰһֻֻ֣ϵļѸ淺˽Ĺ

ֲ˽ڣȻһգģȻ󽫷
һɶƮ˳ס˺ȥ˶ŵųȥȥԶóһͨ
˵ڶǰֱؽŴ򿪣ȥЩ˿ų걩ز𿪲ţľһ˿仯ʱ򣬴ӵڶһȾϲ꣡
˸߹ǰ¶Цݣȭͷڸ߹ǰһµϺóи߹ģ
˵Ŀתŵ¹ŵ¹ũˣ

߹ŵ¹󶼴Цֻȴͣ
꣡ǳ񣡡
ʱĵҲϳ˳꣬һ׵ؼųӿ˹ȵλ
ʮڻ֮ͬһüĵһӾ;
ǰȫˣ
䡭
仰еٴμ÷˫·ѹѹеٴΰֻˮϵع䡣
ŵȥ͵ĸ½򿪣Ȼ˵ҲҪң߹ŵ¹󣡡
߹ŵ¹˳ǰһ
ӳȻ˱ƳʮжӣÿжٱƳʮСӡȻǽʬȥȰϵĶչһ飬дԪռĶڳ
ǣ߹ŵ¹ٴξһ
Ǵˣȥͷʻҡ
ǣ
˰֣ͷżʻȥ˸߹֣¹ĺ
жӣ
ص˼ʻңʻԱӵ棬Ȼ˼ʻλϣת˷ȻԶʻϣ÷ŵķȥ
꽫˳ȥ·䣬ҪѰһˮĵطǰǧʵ̫ˣ˵ζܣȥ»
˰֮󣬸߹ŵ¹˻գһŵ˳ǰ꣬ǴЩʬڳĴԪռ䡣
ţͷǸŵһߵĿǰ״Σ
⣡߹ֳʹ֮ɫǶǵײ٣Ʋʮ˽⣬˵˵ץ˴ĵΪǿɸԴĹĸ߲㣬磬Ÿ߲㶼һЩӢ˴Ԫռ֮ڡʱЩڹЩ뿪֮ǰûй
΢˼һ£ܹĲҿӦ˵ʱĵѾȫˣѾЩд½ðźС壬ͳ࣬൱ūΪǿɸԴҷջ񷵻д½ĵһҷ
ЩѾӵ˱˷ߣʱ¶һԪռڣ義ڵĴԪռĸǱĵֿ
νĵֿҲǹڸǱ֮ڣֻûд򿪸Ǳһƣû˻ЩĶ֣ķȫݻ٣򽫳׵Ϊһū۵


721
꣬Ƿǳʲôʵ߹ǵʵ
ĵǣ¶΢ЦõģǼȻ˵򣬾Զڵˡ
ڿϰ˼£ͣ˿С
ȵȣ
վŲȥŴ򿪣һݳ˲ţ·ȥһϴǰſһˣҪ꾿ȥʲô
·һӣȡǳźȥ
𡭡
һһ״ֵߴӺ˳ɢǿϢϵĵ˾㶼ɫһ˫˫Ŀ¶˿־͵ġ
еǳͷų貵ĵâֻ˲նֻͷϡ
顭
ͷϵۼ׷׷飬Ѫɣȴûų꼤˹ȥ
顭
䣬еһǳݺնֻͷϣֻͷ­һ롣
ۡ
ǳһһ޴ʬӺˮ˳ڿлһߣˤ˺Ӱϣѹ
ಡ
γ𣬷ɽ˷Сеĵһηųꡣ֪˭Ⱥһ񣡡
˶ų񣡡
΢ЦŰڰ֣߽˼ʻңŷ·䣬ںӰϡȻ˵ҳȥںϴһ°ɣȻǰֻտˣ
˷һҲ֪ԼϰĲУʮܣҺܾûгԱˣ·Ǹ㹻ǰǧ˱һˡ
һ˲ţźȥŮܵΣΣϴ֮·ɣȻЩ˲ſʼиտ
һʱ䣬˵ľ񶼻ָ˹Ȼ׷׻ص˷ʻŷŵȥ
ʮ֮󣬷ɻ˵򣬽ũܡӭһܷǷ˹꽫ͣ˲Ŵ˳Ǽܷȥ
ǼܷеĻ͸ϴųӦ콣ðŵİɣ
ǣʻԱǼܷ
ǡ𣿡üͷ
ûУǸʻԱҲҪҪͣ
Ҫһֱɣ٣
ٶȻԱһƮ߷ɹͼʻԱոһ顱һҡΡ
ֲ˷ĲţһŴ򿪣һ˽ȥ̿Щд½ϵ߶סų˹
ಡ
ʮɽХֻ˲ǰʮ˸߾ͱʺľӿ׽һߣɽڷڴУ͸һţһ߾ɱ
ǰ󲻵ӵʱ䣬ڵ߱ɱһգǸͼʻԱһƮ뵽ʻңǸ·ȥȻٷɻԭȵǸϣǸҲȻŸ߹ŵ¹뵽ǸһѺ˵ĲŴ򿪣Ŀһɨܷץļǰˡ
˰֣ø߹ŵ¹ȥЩ飬Լǽ˳ȥķ»ڣѾûһӰĿ¶ǣ֪˵״⵽ʲô̶ȣʣ¶˿ڣ
ŲȥվһߵϣԶȥʱѾû˷֣ȶѾд½ϵЩ˸ݻˡ
ʣҷܹһ뿪д½֪¾ͻǲǰЩȴ̫ᡣҲΪЩ߶·޹ϡ
ŷ·ȥǵòԶһָġָĵĴǰʱĴѾ飬ٲȥ沼һĻҳĴ飬ľӿȻߵһû𻵵ĵԸǰ
ꡭ
һϲָڼ֮Ϸɿö֪ĵǿԽյǡ
ϵĻųָڼöһ¶˳׵ؽĵʱһƬ棬ڱд½ʹſŸԴ
꿪ʼɨЩд½ϵߣסǾۼĵطڵ֮岦д½ߣڻŷ޵߱Ƚ٣طûз񱻳ҷԻŷط
ڶطۼд½ߣҷ꽫Щд½߾ۼĵطһһԺȻ뿪ָӲصʱ򣬼߹ŵ¹ѾЩ˾ۼһ𣬸߹ӢڶЩѵ
Ÿ߹֣߹ЩϢȻų˹žһһ񣺡߹󱨵ָʾ
߹ʱһŵ¹ȥϵɱȻǣ
ǣ߹־һȻЩԻʵΪʲôҷȥɱЩд½ߣ
Ŀ̫Ļǻɱһط壬⼸ط巢֡˵Ǿͻߣһӻд½ǵͻӭƽ١ʵ޷д½֡
ҲУ߹ʵ
¶һ˿ɬҵʵд½Ͳʲô
ɣ߹Ͱ͵˵Щ嶼Ķְ
ҡҡͷ߹㲻֪Щֵ嶼һЩд½ϵײ㡣ô˵ɣд½ʵΪۺĴţд½ڣڷּӣŵӣŵӣ洫Ӻʥӣڵţһֱ۵ж˰ɣ


722
߹˲ò԰ףļҪ̫࣬д½ҲЩڵײŶԵȤԵ򶼲ȤֻҪֵЩ嶼ɱˡ
߹¶˿ЦЩ磿
̾ϢһĳǶ˵ȷˡҪǿҴд½ٵĶֻҪǿŬһӮԼĵλ

ǣ
д½һٸ壬ǳµĴԪռѾ򿪣취򿪸ǱǱڵ಻ͣͷų˵ɧ塣
һ弶ʱվھǱǧ֮⣬һſź˵߱ըֵġ
ڹǻǹʵģٽʵҲֲ˼졣
ʱڸǱĴŴмʮͫӶűͣغŴţǴѾʼ氼˽ȥ
ಡ
һɽں˵ıΧǸ弶岱תһȦǸ弶ûüһһԴʹӲ
ಡ
ʮɽڿзȥֻǲӵʱ䣬Ǳǰе屻ɱһաηɳ˴Ԫռ䣬һ󳡷ȥ
һıӳһˤ࣬һɽʴ¡
ۡ
ǸʺһѪ
ûͣûнǱȥһ棬Ҫ巢֮ǰЩȫɱ⡣
Ǳڡ
һ˿ϲʾղҿǸӰǳ꣡
Ŀһģûп
ϪĿҲһղǸʹɽ겻һ𣿡
糤ˣɼ
ŷˣ
ڿת˼Ȧ㼱ٵķȥ
Ǹˡ嶼ɱˡ
ǡ񣡡

ͬһһԶŶķȥ
񣡡
ˣ

ŻȥһƬ˦˺档
ũܡ
߹ŵ¹ӭгϣһҲĿ¶ϣųꡣ
񡭡ôˣ߹ŵʵ
ˣ¶΢Ц
䡭
һ˷ˣڲݵϱţţˮݺᡣȻų˹̧һһſȥ
ҷŻǷȥ꽫Ʒķ̸˸߹ŵ¹뿪˷žǷȥ
ȲҪԼĸĸʱĳ길ĸͻҲΡǶ֪ص˵ϪҲڵȴųĻع飬ɲ뿪Ǳֻܹ۰Ͱ͵صȴųꡣ
һӰ˸Ǳ棬ŸǱķ֣¶һ˿֮ɫаҲ岻ǿһоżߣҲֻܹơ
Ŵ򿪣Ϫ񣬻͵˳ſڣǳѾװǣֻĸĸޡ
ĸĸزΡΡų꣬ĻиԱһһĺɱ
硭
ſ˫ۣ˻
诣һˣ
硭
ɺԪųĸĸߵ˸ǰſ˻֣裡
Сꡭ
ĨȥᣬָųԻĺӵӣаְ֣
ҲץԼﺢӵСֵаְ֣
ɫӣû뵽Լ֮󣬻˾ϲ
ְ֣
ְ֣


꼤˫ֽӱ˻Լӵϡ
ְ֣ӣ
Ц
Ǳ֮ڡ
Լ뿪֮֮󣬳Ϫ񣬻ͺɡ
ϪʵѾͻƵͻƵ˳ȼɺͻƵ༶Ϫǳ˳֮⣬ʵǿģǻͣɺȴǳϪ֮ʵǿġ
绹һЩʵȴһ˹ٷŸ磬ŻңϪСԣĸ˴Żе
꽫ĸ£ĸΪ½һһͳһĵ۹ŷˣֻһ۹Ǿǻ
Ҫֿд½Ҫֿޣһͳһĵ۹ָʹܹӵȥϣ
꽫Լ˵֮Ϫͣɵɫء˧ʵ᲻ἤŷ˵淴ǻͬ𣿡
ǻͬģŵ˵ûѡǲͬ⣬ֻб̭Ľ֡
˵ףһµҴд½д½ǿķּ׽ֵַ豸ͽĸֵĲϡַһֵܹǼ߻޵Ľ˵ӵ֣ܹ˻汣ϡ
ģĸ˵۾һʵһֶܹ
ĸ־㹻ˣ
̫ˣĸ˸˵һ֡
ǿ̲һֽ֣ĹҪӵַ֣ͱɢǵĹң뻪Ǳѡ񡣡
ϪͷʵѾû˹ҵĸһжΪ档ֻҪܹʲô鶼
λṫһЩҪȫ඼ϰܹͨһĹ
㡭Ϫ󾪡


723
˵ֹסϪǰд½֪ǵǶôд½еĶܹͨһĹĹΪ֮ϻпѨϵĹ
ѨϵĹĸɫһ
꿪ʼϸؽд½ϵļһһϪĸɫ𾪵Ľȫ
δõڿѨϵҲֿѨϵĹҲֻܹʮѨϵĹ׼ֹ׳ʵ̵ʱһʽ
δд½ϻҩͱЩҩͱڲõĽʵһһʵķԾ
㶼ʲôϪʵ
ȡһ˲ݸϪ˲ᣬĸһ¡
ĿԴյһһҳһҳط˲ᣬԽɫԽǼһҳ֮ĸ˵ľþòܹƽ˵
ãʵǿϪȻָƽ˸ǵĹâЩԴ㹻ĵеġ
ꣿ
껹û뵽ԼЩԴʹô꣬Ȼܹʹ߽꣬һʵķԾǸʱд½ٽҲδزֵܹο֮ԼʵҲηд½ЩǿߡֻЩԴܹõʹôȻλ˽ڵļƷʯЩԴͻȻüëһж˿ڣ
ֳȻԭĩս֮˿ھ˶ʮңٴξ˺ƽ٣Żʣʮ˿ڡ
귢һ㣬Ȼ̾ϢһҪˣ
Ϫĸ˵ͷ
ҪЩԴֳ࣬һżŸΡҸղż򵥵ķһ£һԴṩˣǴļһϾҪѡṩֻдﵽһʵȻ֯ԣҪһ֯ʲô˶ṩԴЩ˵õԴȴΪף˺飬Ϊ
ɫأֻмǳܹ֯ļԴżԴͲǴﵽʵҪͼ֯ô򵥣ҪѡһЩϼѵ˲ţֵ˲ţҶҳϵˣܹЩԴ
ͷҽټǵ˼ĸһȫµĹ쵼㣬ͳһ򣬽һͳһĹҡͳһ֮ĹȻŸֲšֻмֲŵ߲ܹܵļϵԴһԴǿȫ򷢷ţѸʵҲֻ֪мǵĹңܹøõԴ
ͷϸϼһ£
ڶ졣
ϼһҹˣȻƣȴ͸¶ſܡ꽫ЩԴĸ˴ͬʱҲȷ˳Ϊ¹ҵһͳϪͣλͳ
Ϫɣͻæµǿʼͨټȫ쵼˺ͱͫͬʱߣټȫʼؽ԰
ʱ꽫ѧټһУǰʮλѧң˵λδд½˺ܶƼϡЩϽǣϣ̵ܹʱõĿƼˮƽﵽд½ĳ̶ȡ
ʮλѧҵɫ̼žĻһƬ̧֮˫·ѹѹ˲ֱüž
оЩ֮ǰҪһ񣬾Ҫ½֣δδ½ϴһ͵ķֵּܹǼ߻޵Ĺ
˵һ½͵λҲ˽ʲôǺǼǸλ֪ͫɣ
ʮλѧҷ׷׵ͷ
ڱ֮ͫǼǼ֮ǼǼ֮ϾǺǼ
䡭
ʮѧֿΪķзߣ֪һǿķֶʲôӵһȫϢأһܹȥ԰
ָûһӣܵĿѧٴμžһ˫˫ȵ۾˳ꡣ
ҲֵַļҴֵַ豸
ʮѧЩסˣһ˫˫۾ͷų֮ɫ
ֲַǷǿ󣬶ֵǳֻҪĸַ֡ξʹܹĸֵĲϡ
ţ˵ǲҲ׼ȷһµӦֻҪλЩװͿԽµķ֡
ܹھͿʼ𣿡һѧҼʵ
ǰ
ǰ
ǿҪھͿʼһڿѧҷ׷
΢Цٴ̧˫ѹѹָƽ֮󣬳΢Ц˵ȻеϺ豸϶һйԱǰȥд½ѯֻװЩֲҪ̫ʱ䣬д½Ҫʱ䣬ϣܹڰµʱڽһ֣
֤񣡡ʮѧҿܵغ
ʱǻ£ضؽ֮СΣҲʱ̽ϡ
Щд½Ƕˣ޵вȴٴνϡд½ū۵ʱǻܹնɱЩޣûЩд½ߣȴŰһ


724
ǣ˲ûоȼ˶־һ߹һ£һؽ԰ΪǶ֪ˡʱһϢ䣬ټ쵼˺ͱͫǰ
һ쵼˺ͱͫ߷׷׶ŻķڴڴܹȥҲ־õϢ
ʱĳվڸǱڵĴ֮ڣЩģ飬ֳ֮ɫ
飬ָܹɣ
ꡭ
ҡһ£ģ壬˰ӵģȶ
꣬û£ֻ̫Ҫʱָ
Ǿͺãָɣڣε
ã
мۣһʧ̾Ϣһתȥ
ʱ䣬궼͸ĸ޶һһԴָԼļˣҽһĹͿѨϵĹڸԼļˣͬʱѾشڸ˻ȻⲻǳϪҪһ
Ϫû˿ԥͽⲿ͸˳꣬ὫеĹṩȫֻ࣬Ҫʸ
졣
е쵼˺ͱͫ߶˻ǣۼڳסǱľ޴ڡһ˫˫Ŀⶼ˼ڴ
ǰʮˣֻʣʮͫߡʵߵĲϪֻҪд½һײСðžܹɨˡһ˾񡣳˵λҶ֪ȥ磬λҶһֵʶкϢҲлϢ
ڼΪžܹ˴˵
ǱһƬ½д½˳ԼΪ壬ǵĵķԴءҲд½һЩϣǵд½Ƿռ䣬Ҳĩ֮ǰƲִڵƽпռ䡣
Ҳ˵ǵд½棬ĩ֮ǰռȫģиѰҲд½ǵд½ͨĵطֻԭͨļڵ㡣
ڵϵķչﵽһƿЩ廨˾޴ľʱѰҵƽпռڵ㣬ȻÿƼЩڵ㣬ͨƽпռ䡣ȻǨơ
ͨƽпռĺĩյĽ٣ĩйɵģÿʮͻһΣȵķ֮ĩղŻʧʱԼҪǧһꡣȻһײĩһν١
д½Ҳһֱо׷ķһֱûн⡣һõϢһĿǰΪϢ
ڣеɫȻǧ꣬ЩǵȲؼһˡ
ڶõϢǣд½ߵʵ棬ڿƼ涼ԶԶسǣд½ҪԵҲʲôǿߣֻͨЯŸ߿ƼͿԽϵ
Ҿд½ûǵ˼ֻߣСðţܹūȫࡣ
ڵϣ֮⣬ʮ˾ȫеǿߣǿϪҲߡ
д½ʱΪ˾ʵμд½ʮһȵյӴд½֮һڡ
һǺ˽⣬رǶڸ߲ʵһֻ֪֪ڵӲʵ
ڵĵӷּӣŵӣŵӣ洫ӺʥΣֻǼӾͼ񼶱ߣǱͫʵֻܹŵӡǿд½ʵҲд½ǰεĲһ
ڵճƮһֿ־屯۵ա
ǺϢ
˾һڴ˳ꡣ¶һ˿ɬд½߰ǵ򿴳һ֮أԵûȤԻϲдֵ鷢
ʮͫͬʱһ
ǡⲻζû˱Σա˵һ޵Ľڶ͵粢Ǳ𣬶Ǳ޻Ǿĵˡڶд½ǲֵ򣬵ǻǻһЩߣСðźСǰ򣬰ﵱһϡūΪչεϵԴץ෷д½Ϊūǵޱܶ࣬Σȴ޴˺ܶࡣϵʵֵǡ
񣡡Ϫ̲סڵڣЩߣСðźСӦòΪɣ
˵ľһ
ǰ
ǻгڣ
糤ʲôʵʳ˹ĵ⡣
Ǿż۷壡
˵˫˲Ź⣺ЩߣСðźС岻ӵʵɣ
΢΢üͷ˼һµСðӦûʵǲΪǡҲûʲôǱڵҲд½˹ġЩСͲͬˣҲŸ֣Ǿż۷壬Ǽֻ֡ЩҪ壬ܹǰ򡣵ǣһֱȥ˵Ǿͻǰɳǿ߽ٵΪµЩߣЩ߾൱ǵĩ֮ǰЩﷸЩֲӣҲд½׷·ߣЩ˵ʵǿֻҪһǵһƽ١
ٴһֻֿŵ֮С죬̻˿ʵʲô취


725
˵Ψһİ취ȫȥֿκһߣ಻ҲūԣҪǽȫһ𡣡
˼˳꣬ҵж
ͳһճȭͷһͳһĹңΨһĹҡ
ٴ˳ţÿﶼȻ⣬ǾҪԻΪĽһͳһĹҡ
ǡ
ζеЩ˽ʧȥһ쵼˵λӣһ֮λӡ˽ԥͬʱҲǳûг֧֣Щ˾㻹ռһһ쵼λãȴѵֵ޺ֺ֣ܿ߳Ϊū
ͳϵǿ˵ͳһ֮󣬾ܹ𣿡
֪ҡͷҪǵŬҪȫŬ
Ҫһ䣡ϵǵĿ⻺ɨˣͬ⽨һͳһĹҡΪһͳ
˵ɫЩȻǵǿߣȫϣǲʵ㲻һͳһĹңҲѾΪȫľ䣬赲һ㡣
ֻҪǸһܿǾͻΪ¼ҹˡӵ꽨һµͳһĹҽ᲻ͬȻʧȥ쵼һһ̵ȨҲ϶µĹҵκܸߵְ
һͳǲܺͳˣǵڶأأ
ڽܹΪһͳһͳǱڵλӻкã
ͬ⣡ͳ֣
ͬ⣡ŷͳ֣
ͬ⣡̻ʾ֣
ͬ⣡

ʮ˶̧֣·ѹѹȻҶͬ⣬Ǿһ½顣ҵΪ
ûʵѾ뵽Ҳûʲôִ
ǿΪκһʱ׼
µĹҽὨĸУ𣺡һȡΪУһȡΪУһȡΪУһȡΪŷУнΪ׶
ֻĸУһϵǵ˵ǵ˿ֻĸҲ԰ʮ˿ڰɣ
ֳ΢ЦﻹһϢߴңҴд½һ͵ķֵַܹ֡Ǽ߻޵Ĺ
ģ
˷׷׼ؿʵûܹǼĹ˵ӵһӻ
Ȼġ΢Цͷֵַǳӵĸ־ͿԼȫ֡µĹֻĸС
䡭
ٴκ䶯ÿ˶ĸ֣ĸݵء
ֻǵķһ̰Ҵд½ĿƼܹģд½ȽͬʱһҩЩҩȫܹȫʵõһʵ
ͣ۷׷׵ˣЩ˼öվԼһ֮󣬳꿴Щɼòܹƽָû˼£˼ž֮󣬳˵Уһṫܹͨһд½ϵĶܹͨһĹǲܹ߾д½
׷׵ͷܶ˶֪дͨһĹȴûл꿪ʼЩտʼԻΪ½һȫµĹһЩִ֮ĵߣʱѾû˵ִ֮ġ
жǳף֮ǰĹֻܹͨʮֻܹͨʮͼܹͨһĹϽЩҪġ
ʲôǮʲôȨЩǰֵһᡣ
СĿɨǰʮ˵ӵܹͨһĹֻܹǵʵﵽǾż۷塣ҪͱõµĹ
ежһ˵ϪЩ߶û˵һĿ⾼ضųꡣ
ҪͻǼﵽǼͱ뿪ϡͨѨϡҴд½Ҳ˿ϵĹЩһ׳ֻҪλܹǾż۷壬ȷʵû˺飬ҶὫֹڸλ
ڳ֮ͣ󣬷û˺䶯һƬžϢʵ̫ˡ֮ǰ˽ֻڱ֮ͫϻǼû뵽Ǽ֮ϻǼ
ҪǼͱµĹһҲǼⲻĿ𾴣ųݣ
ⲻ֮ǰǲ˽д½ʱȻҲ˽д½д½СðźǼֹ򣬶ݳԣЩʵǿҲ弶Ƕд½һȽֱ۵Ŀ
д½νǿ֣ǿֵг꾹ȻӲشһ·ҹ˶ĿƼ豸ҩ
ЩȻǲֵ֪Σȴ֪һۡΪ˵Щд½ҲǶġ
ǲ֪꾿һģⲻݡЩ˻д½һ˿оϪϪΪʵڳˣһǿֵôܲ
񣡡Ϫûסʵܹ˵˵ȥд½֮һЩ˵Ƿܹȥд½һ


726
΢Ѱ˼һµϪǷܹȥд½˵˲㣬ֻԼܹҿ԰д½ϵľ˵
̼žͬһСѧһֱӣĿ⾼˳ꡣ
һԼ̵ֵһ̣һֱԼصľʼؽȻЩû˵ǳҩг۴֮顣ǣʹˣҲЩѪڡϼڴ֮ҲƵƵʱһľϪҲЩˣͫд½ȱȽǣֻгΪǼ߲һԱ
̴ǰд½ͷҲһȵͻƵǼ֮һҪȥд½
˰ֵеѾ˵ˣԺϪɣͺҡһ½֮£ҴҪȥ׼һ£ʼչأǼûʲô¾ͲҪˡ
䣬ɴվŴȥʮ߶վĿ羴ųıӰ
ҪʼǼˣҪһǼˣ
뿪˻ңһ졣
ڶ졣
뿪˵ȥϥ޾֮Уǧǹϡȡһǳҩ£Ȼ벻֮Ļ꣬ʼԪ
ÿһʱ䣬ͻ뵽ЩԣȻִڳٴԪ
µʱ䣬ڽڵԪ۵ԿʼѨľ硣죬˵죬ڳ˫ȴգʳһǳҩʼ˳Ѩ
ʹ겻ںƵسѨɹóоԼǲԪߴ·Ժֻһǳ°벿оԼûд
ǡôܾԪʱĵöһЩʮɵԪ˳Ѩı֮ǰֻʣ˰˳ɣ
һʶ˳͸ԼڣԪѨе·ȻһοʼԪ
Ȼ귢˴ֻеĹ켣΢ƫһ˿Ԫڵ֮ǰĵɡ
˾ĽԪ·ûһ˿ƫʮɵײѨϵı֮ϡ
䡭
һβһΣǳҩɵͬһ㲻ͣأһ˸߹һ˵ײűϡ
ǲ
ڴѨϵıѿ˷϶Ԫ˷϶֮ڿʼϵ϶һ飬պȻ顣
ǳ֮Ѩ֮ڣ̿ʼѨ֮ѹԪѨ֮һǹ⣬ͬһǳһ㡣

һѨϲǽϳ忪ͽҪѨ֮һӡʿɵԪӣ۳ǳ֮֡
һ۳ӣѨϾͻͬһһ㣬ǿӾͻͬһǳ֮ʹ忪ѨϣûӣѨҲٴıպϡ
껺չ۾оһ£ڳǿ絶һն޾ն·һնһѷ졣
вɸ̾ǼȻǼܹġ
ˣʵͻƵǼһ㡣
һ£̫Ѿȥ£֪Σһ磬ںˮϴһ裬λһ·ٴδڳŵķȥ
ӽ򣬳Ϳһ޴ķڵ֮ϣʹȫΧŵתһȦĸֶѾŻķȥ
ÿֶŰ˵Żƽʱ˸Ŷǿģÿһǰ£ڱͻϮ£ܹṩʱ䣬ð˵Żܹʱرա
ʱѾܹ뻪ˣʵܴ͸֣ԳֻһŻǰΡ
ǰʱ߽뿪ֳȥɱޡ󲽽뵽ţûϳһ֮ڣžǷȥ
һɣ˵ע⣬һ¶֮ɫ
˭
ɵٶȺÿ찡
ûм֪˭
ǰûм˳ȥԣ˵һȥɱޣǲûӡ󰡣
ΪʲôܾЩϤ
ӰϺ£һ·ȻؽϺϪˣȡ˻㱨⡣˵²ûд½ǰóҲ޵Ƿ˼νȴ޷ķ֡µУʵõ˷׷ֿ߳ʼɱޡ
ǰϪҩİѾͻƵϼҲͻƵ༶ɺҲͻƵ˻Ƽ
õ˳صϢȫַͫ׷ǰµĻᣬͻƵͫԶΪԱȴû鳤еԱ飬ԺͫԶΪԱֻͻƵǼ߲ܹΪ鳤
ЩϺĵһǳǷͻƵǼͷ̷֮һ󻶺
ΪǼʵõһԾõһϡҲǳˣΪʮͫ߶ҩİµõұͫߵõӣѾоʮ߸ͫߡ
˷׷㱨Եȡ˸Ļ㱨֮󣬳һ顣
λ񲻽ҪҪʱֹȥ£д½ӦӦΪ֮ǰֵҷӦһһд½Ǽ壬ôûлȥӦǵĻɣ˵ʱǰ·ϡԣӦɳ߽磬ܹ۲㣬һд½ķ֪ͨҡ


727
˵Ķԣ
˷׷׵ͷʼ齨ܼ۲顣
ʱֵϿգһҷŵķڷĻӵİٶߡбͫٶˣǼһٶˣһǶߡ
ʱǸǶڻڣΧĸǾżߡһǾż˵峤ǰɳļӲֻڴֵʱ򣬱ɱ˰ɣ
ǰڶǾżҲ˵Ǹ֮ôǼߣһޡ
ǾżҲ˵峤Ǿȫĸ߽߶˼壬ֻһЩʵµĵӣô˻ɱǼ壬Ƕ˼ĴУ
Ǹ峤˵õļ壬Ƕ֪ǰֻҪܹ֮ڷأǾͲҲǻ֮ǽзıֻҪӶԴץһū֮ڻͺáǰĵǷǱɱǱɱ޹ؽҪΪôûлһǳˡǼѾɳһӣȴˣǼΪһЦǱӰ졣˵ֻҪܹ򣬾ģҲӦЩԴһ˲Կ
˵λ峤ɫһǵ˵֮󣬾ͽƿõռ򽫻ΪǼһ԰
࿪ʼ磬¹£¼СӡڿٵؽཥӦûĺڰ硣رһЩոճĺͯǸֻ֪ܹӳĿеõһЩڹС
ĿƼȫĿƼһڷɵ״̬ʽʼ𽥱̭ϳ˷ɳʽҲڿ׶Ρ
겻ٽ񾭽ÿ֮⣬ҲʱˣÿһܣҲһʱ䴦һЩҵ飬ƺһж档
ѧѾ͵ʳҲȦһЩܹʳõĵͽѾõ˽࿪ʼʹµʳµˮĩ֮ǰʳƷζѾʼĩ֮ǰòֻڹҵĲЩϡ
ĩ֮ǰһƺԶȥϰĩ֮
ǣ޻ʱ̵࣬ʱ̴Σ֮Сԣȫ඼ͨıǵʣıǻһЩӳ֮ĩ֮ǰ಻ͬǸΪǿ׳Щ˳ӵܣڱǿ
Ѿ˴Ԫռ䣬ھ½һǱͨ£ԪռڵԪŨѾ档
ԴӴͨ˵һѨ֮󣬱˷þƿǳ֮еĹ켣ʳǳҩӴǳ֮һѨϡһµʱ䣬ѾѨϣѾĸѨϣﵽǼһڡͬʱľҲﵽ˼Ʒļ۷壬ʼ׼Ʒ弶
һա
ԺŪԼӣڳԣһڡ
һιŵǳֻ˵绰°绰ŵ˶ߡ
ι
Ϫ
ɫһݣϪͨǲ绰ʲôҪ顣˿̴Ϫܹǿ԰Ľ
ʲô£
񣬷д½ߣ
ʲôʱվСЦر˹곯Żڰ֣˱ӭӣŴſȥ
˵
СӷһҷŵСʱͻӰĽ򡣡
ְ֡ĻŤţС˳ꡣضԶ˵ҪŰְְ֣£
̸ȥټͫҲǰĽ󣡡
ͷŽڴͷŽްӣֳ˲õЦݵеȥһ£
ȥɣҪǣ
ͷתһأγڿл
Ľ
졣һҷɴɽ˵գƮڰĽϿա
֮ڣǸ峤üͷԶ½Ǿ޴ķ֣һ˿
ǾȻз֣һоż߾ȵſ˿ڡ
ʲôϡ档һǾż˵Щûз֣ͱ޸ˡĿƼˮƽֵĵȼҲߡ
һǾż˵ռ˵֮󣬵ʡٽ֡ǵ͸ǵĴ񡣡
ĸǾż̰ĹâǼȻܹ֣֤ӦŷḻĿءˣ
ǸǶĿڷЦ


е߶Ц
Ȼ䣬ǵЦȻֹǿһڵǼٷֻǼӵʱ䣬ǸڵǵбһˣһǷˡ
ģһǾżֳһ˿
Ҳ˼ЦֻǸ峤üͷҲǵˣ֮ǰд½壬ʵǿ
ߵɫһ䣺ѵѾռˣ
Ҫż峤˰̸̸ֵһжˣ
峤㿴ͻȻһɫֳһ˿ţָ˴ԶӶǸˡ
ֻ˵ٶû˿ͣǴʱȴѾһսһͨڵս
ǳ꣬ûкͶԷ̸뷨ҷû࣬Ҳʧȥ˹˼ɡûеɽֻнᡣ


728
һǳ֮ڷתͬһɽĹ켣ǳڣڵս˵ĵâ
ˡ
âһڵƥ˳ȥ

ӣ
ڵ峤ɫһ䣬ȵ֣죡
ˡ
ʼ˸һɡд½߸ûпֶ࣬ûп
䡭
ֻûüȫǵâѾնڷ֮ϡ޴ķˣһм룬֮߱һնɱ
䡭
˱ը߱ըȼ档
ಡ
Ӱӷڳ˳ȳľǸǶ峤ȡһ˳ǹ˫Ŀų˹
֮֮
ͻȻʧˣٳֵʱһâն˳ȥ屻նƬ
˭Ǹ峤ȵ
ǻӦǳĵâȻ⵶âģ塣
Ǹ峤۽ǳ鴤˼£ѾоɫϢһڵ಻εߡ
һд½ߣҪԵԴ
Ǹ壬Ǹðţ
Ǹ峤һ׷ɱų꣬һȵͲҪöԷ
֮֮طչκǸ峤׽Ӱÿһγֶո
Ǹ峤һ٣ȵҵ󡣡
ʱѾ֪Լ׷ϳ꣬Ȼʵȳǿǳطȴֻܹ̾
Ϊ˱ٱնɱ㽫˽еԼ˳Ҫնɱ߾ͱ뾭һء
ಡ
һӰ峤ȥǵƥһĵâ
ʱλд½峤Ѿȫ˳˺ɫͷԹĹâֻǶ̶̵ļӣİٶ߾ֻʣ˶ٶˣֱʧһ롣ǼһӢܹջ񷵻д½Ƿܹסջһδ֪
㾿˭
ĳסΣ¶˲õЦݣȻξʧˡ峤ɫһ䣬ȵСģ
ȴͻأسǰһֻȭͷмٷŴæǹǰһᡣ
顭
һֻȭͷݺݵؼǹˡ
ˡ
ǹ˼زֶɡǸ峤д󾪣ȫû뵽˾޴ڿбɣײȺײɡ
ϡ
ĳٴն˳ȥͬһɽδ½ײ˹ȥ
ۡ
ûֵܹסɽĸǾżҲ⣬ʱǸǶѾԹϾһӳǹгڡ
顭
ھʱۡһѪ
һĹУʮ屻նɱڵ£ͬһħźɫħոһ
ԴͻƵǼûйսһĻᣬΪڵûкʵ൱ˣҲܹɱ䡣
ú࣬ʱʱıȫͷ˳ڿк֣֮֮ʩչ˼ޣһսڿӰݺᣬÿһն·׹䡣
Ǹ峤ɫԥоԼǳĶ֣ԼˣЩ߾ͻᱻȫնɱд½ҲΪ¼ҹˡ
ǡ
Լ뿪Ǹֹ
顭
߱նɱѾֻʣ˲һٸӰ
ס֣Ǹ峤ȵ뿪飡
ಡ
Զƿ֮ϪڸЩû뵽д½ǰʵ˸ߡʣµʮ˶Ǽ֣ϪǸ
ˡ
Χֳʮɽͬʮ⼤ľǼﵽ˼Ʒļ۷壬൱ʵɽһֻоֻʣ˳Ǹ峤
ԶڷϪһӾʹĿ˳ꡣ
ˡ
ʮɽʧڿУս硣̧еǳָ˶Ǹ峤һս
Ǹ峤˫֮о޾Թ֮ɫĿϪˣѾǷеٶϿϪ˲ǱͫߡаȻɱҵˣôҾͽɱ⣡һ
ಡ
Ϫ˷ȥϪɫһ䣬峤ڿзɹٵٶȽƿ顱죬Ϫһ֪ԼȫǶԷĶ֡
ˡ
ʮɽٴ͸ХǸ峤ȥǼٶٿܹɽ
ಡ
ʮɽ׷Ǹ峤Ǹ峤ΣֻͣסνǸ˳ǹ趯

һɽķɣÿһɽ̲صɶ൱Ǽ۷塣һһֵܹģ
ֻǿصֵɽеĳǹַ˳ȥʱ裬һĲҽУʮɽջ֮󣬿ֻʣһź׹䡣
ɵϪ˵ǰϪ˲Ŵ˹
񡭡
˰֣¶֮ɫû뵽ľȻһǶߺһٶǼߡһС塣֪Ժ󻹻᲻֡
ĬȻʱ˵жֳһͷ
鷳ˣ


729
ô죿
΢Ѱ˼һµŷ֣ʱΣգд½кǼ߽ǰǣд½ϵ˵֪ǵźǼķ֣˵ͻΪŷḻĿأĸ߽߾ͻӵԣҪľǲܹϢд½һɱһԲܹ©֮㡣
˵ɫϣԴҪӰѾˣʵҾͲǻȥˣ鷳ҴŸӣҪһʱ䡣
ã
˶о˽ȣͳǣ·ȥ
ʧķ̾һԭΪԼԷһʱ䣬Ҫŵˡ
ȥ뵽޾գٴοʼ˱չÿˣͽ뵽˵ʱ򣬾һδڳѨϡ
ÿһʱ䣬궼صϪͨ绰˽һûд½ǰ
ֹ˰֮󣬳ľͻƵ˼Ʒ弶ڣ൱ļڣѨҲ˰˸뵽һڡٿһѨϾʹﵽһ۷壬Ǹʱͱǰд½ȡǳ°벿ĵڶ㹦
ڴд½ͨϿմʱҷɴŵķȥд½ĵڶǰ̽յĶ飬һҷɴһС壬ҷСðš
ССð˵ǰķһֱûлбð֮
д½ż˵һ˵Ǹд½͵һ޼ʵɽӵ߽ޣЩǰðյд½߶Щɱˡ
ڶ˵ͨɽгһǿЩǿרŴЩҪǰԽߡ
˵ǵǿߣЩǰ߶ǿ߸ɱˡֹ۵߼٣ұ֮Աǡ
֮ػǿ
ڵһֺ͵ڶ˵ɴҲҪǰԥϾһƬ޾ɽʹֶ˵ҲһƬδ֪֮أָ߽޵ĿԼٳǿĻǾһ
ǣðյСʱڷҷǾΪȻһǰ˵ûзأǾ֤ˣͬʱҲ֤δܹΪһߣΪԼֳأԻþ޴档
ԣˣ
ηΣյˣ
ҷɴȺŵǧطɵвǼ⵽˵д½ӵ㡣ȵһðѡ˷ũܵķ
֮
ڶҷвͨһ֮ŰĽĽӴȥ
֮
ҷвͣһ֮ѩɹȵķȥ
ʱũָĵĴϡڿ˵ڰ˸Ѩ֮ص˵ȡϪĻ㱨ʱڴ΢΢üͷ˼¡
ò˶ͱǰд½ڵõǳ°벿ڶĹԼ뿪֮д½ô죿
ʵ̫ˣͨϪ֪ͨϪѾ뵽ǼΪһߡҲֻͻƵǼȻ⼸ﵽϼ۷壬ǱϾǼ
ͫѾͻ˶ˣҪ֮ǰֵص顣ǣ˵ǳ꣬ϪҲû˼ΪǶ֪ʵд½ʵ̫ˡ
뿪ڵʱѾһ꣬ĥ䣬κ˶Ѿ뿪ţǽ˰ɣǲ֪˴ʱʲô磿
ڴȲ֪ڵĳɼΣ
֪ŷʲô磿
ں˼ţֻȻֻ̽ͨ绰ϪũܣĽѩɹȷж˷֡
귭Ӵжٷ
һң
ټеıͫǰѩɹȷ򣬹رշִţײҪȥԷʵǿǾɱȥԷʵ̫ǿǾڷڣʱ䣬Ҫ뿪ҾϹȥ
ǰĽأ
ĽһƬǵ½ػҪһʱ䣬Ҵũ߾̸Ľ󡣡
䣬ֻδָܳģ𣬽ٶ˼£ͨũܵĽӴȥ
֮ڡ
Ϊ׵һֻһǾżߣ޵һϣжһ߽žƱԱһöż̡
ӳĿǰٶȣһСʱͻ򡣡
ǸӳЦʲô߽ޣʲôǿһûпʵ̫ˣ
ӳ᲻ǵǿߣ
ۡӳһھ˳Ƿḻ
ǡ֮ǰЩôûзд½
ӳֱӣ˸ǵĹâӦڵѾأҵŷḻĿأһֱڿҪúò߻һ¡
ӳвڼٿǣ
ʲô
ӳϱʾĸǰʾһڵٵǵķ˹
ˣ
ʾϳ֣ٶȽƳߡ
ӳ˵ٶҲǼ
쿪֣
ǣ
ɴı˸⻪һȫ
ݡ
һȡǳûмһ˿ٶҷ˹ȥ
ѾȫǸӳһԷ𣡡


730
ӷ·ڿڣĿһѾ嵽˷ĸǰǳݺݵնȥ
䡭
޴ڷϣϵķֲһ£ǳȴܲסһ·׹һ׶࣬ڵ߶ᡣ
죬䣡Ǹӳȵ
䡭
һնڷϣ·׹䣬ڵ߶ᣬûлꡣ
䡭
һһܼնͬһطѸٵ׹䡭
䡭
ݺݵˤڵϡ
䡭
һһնͬһطǷܵϣڳһٰʮŵʱƿ˷ֺݺݵնڷ֮ϡ
䡭
һ޴ĿУ֮顣
䡭
ǳٵն顭
âڷݺᣬ߱նƬ
磬뿪Ǹӳѳ굱ֵд½ߣģǾԲȾָ
䡭
ȻֹǸӳһ
ಡ
ٶҴߴӷڷ˳д½ķӡսӳǿ޳ʱõĸȡ˳
顭
ԳǹûһܹѡЩߵٶֿ첻ֽ꣬ȫչûһֻܹǲӵʱ䣬ͽЩȫɱ
˸ڣŵķȫٷУ뵽֮ŰĽٷȥ
ಡ
γڰĽ󣬲ûзַ֪ǷӦû磬Լũܵж̫죬߻ûü
·塣

뵽ˮ֮£ͷųһ߼Ͽգһ˼š
ũܷҷĵȼߣԷֵĵȼҲߣĵȼٸһЩӵеķֵȼٸһЩԼ޷ƿ
Ľߵķڻûн򣬴ٶȿĵȼҲߡǳ껹Ǻӵеķָ߳ղҷ˺֮£׼͵Ϯҷ
һڿһҾ޴ķɽ˵򣬳һҷڵ߻СģȻڽ֮ǰ˷֡
Ҫȥ֮ǰķԺƷķ֣ȴҷڿͣסˡȻϵķŴ򿪣ɳߣһ˷ܵغˣ
Ȼûзǣʵ̫ˡ


һӰˮͬŵڵеķûеȵǼɳзӦһĺڵĵâѾնڷ֮ϡ
ꡭ
޴ķѿ˷϶
䡭
ڵâ֮ǰǳݺݵ˷֮ϡһǺնֻһͽ롣
䡭
ȻըӰӷڷ˳ӭǵһſŸڵڵ
ڳ꾫İ£ѾЩʵǿһһߡǼߣд½ϵָҲв
ǸǼ첻вȴɱǼߣ͸˵ͫˡ
ǸǼ߿ֻǶһܵΪʵǿȡһѴ󽣣س˳ꡣ
Сӣ
ಡ
ʧһ򣬸ڡ顱죬һߴӿ׹䡣ǸǼĿһס׷ϳΣӳٶϿʵӦòԼ֮£б⡣
ʱҲȡǵеĸڣڶ˲ǼߣοеЩ
顭
һܼǹǴӿ׹ȴֻд½ߣڿÿһΣһд½
ǸǼѸٵսȦԶȥ֪ڲӾûлˡųæŻɱ߸Ͻ룬ȻЩ߶ĵӣǴʱҲ˼ˡ
ಡ
оһһɽʺɹԺ︡һͷǾߡ
ʶÿհףȴŴ׹䡣
顭
ǹܼͣߴӿ׹䡣ڵЩ߿Լ峤׹ʱıˡ
䡱һɢӡ
ڳľ֮ôܹӵõһӰУһд½߱ɱ֮󣬳û˿ͣѩɹȵķȥ
ѩɹȡ
һҷ޾ѩԭɹ
һŮ͸޴ϴһ޼ʵıԭ̾
ǺǡһݿʵЦ˵ƬĵطӴ˿ˡ
ӳǸŮӳſһ۵ǳȥɣ
ãӴЦǾͳȥǵأ
Ŵ򿪣ʮδӷڳһһ޼ʵıԭһǰš
ӳ㿴
һͻȻָǰӳ˳ǸߵָȥֳȻ
ǵǰһ޴ķ֣ӳ΢΢üͷﾹȻз֣֪ǵԼģѾд½߿˵򣬽ģ
ӳҪҪȥ
ȻҪȥȻˣôܲߣ߰ɣȥֵĵȼ
欵Ů۾һ԰Ǹֲǿ֤ǵ˽ġǾͿԺ֡


731
ȥɣɫЩѿʹǵ˽ķ֣Ҳ֤Ѿӵ˲׵õʵͿƼ˵һϢ
ಡ
ʮڿмٷУǵҷ
ӳд½߽ķأ
ɫԥһµǾȺ̸̸˵
ӳ㿴Ƿˣ
ڣϪͣ˵˽ŵʮԽԽӰҾ޴ķ
ͣ˷֮⣬Ŀһɨһ˿ȻΪӻ͵˵۾ɫ֮ڵЩ߼ȫǱֻͫվǰһƺǼ
ѵЩĶǵˣѵֻǵ˽ɣ
ȻЦĴЦУȭͷ¶ұۼ¡ͬһȭͷӿһɹâŷֺݺݵغȥ
䡭
ȭͷݺݵ˷ϡ
Ŷ
ӵ˫ͷųţһӱ㱻˳ȥڿмٵطȻصˤѩźֻʮף屻ѩ
顭
ѩĽӴӵܣⲻܣķôôǿ
ڵϪ˳һķֹȻֵܹԷĹͬʱҲǸĹп˶Էʵ
ǿ
ǿǲֵܹ
ǲҳȥΨжڷڵȴųĵ֧д½Ķ鲻Ҫ̫뿪򽫵߱ǿķ֮´д½޴Ļ
Һ䣡
Ǹ곯ķҲŷȥ뵽֮С
ӷ·ڿڣ׼˷֡ڵϪٴνζɵ˼
䡭
ڹ棬ڷ֮ϡֶһ£ͬһʯӵ˺ˮеһƬȻʧ
Һ䣬ϵغ䣡Ǹʵغ
䡭
ڹܼ֮棬ǷڵϪȴȫؿǷֻǵһȦȦû˿˺Ƿڻͷֱʵ̫ˡ
ķʱ䣬ͣʱЩд½ϵҲʶǸͲܺ俪ķֻ֡Ҳãǲ֪Ǵģ
˵ǵһ뵽д½ƿصĵ򣬽֣ôôд½ߣ
ڵЩ߲д½ߣһȺͫôд½ߡ
⵹д½ûбͫߣķڻŲٱͫߡǣӦЩǼ߰ɣֵַܹôҲһǼ߰ɣ
ǡ
ֻһǱͫߣҿģҲһǼߣǼߣ½λߣôд½ߡ
ðɣ
ЩǱд½߿ƵĵߣôԼѾӣд½ҲӦó˰ɣ
ǡûС
˵ûд½ߣǵԼġ
Ŀ
Щд½еɣһʵǵǰǾǸռ첻˵
ӳǸŮӽ˵˵᲻ǵʵôǵĿƼˮƽʮַѾܹķ֣
ɫһ䣬ҲûпܡĻ˵ŷḻԴ
ԼȻ벻˵򣬵òЩԴԼ԰Ϣд½ϵЩ尡ļ۸һ͡뵽ֳЦݣǸŮӡȡһһڣȻºȵǷأд½Ϣȥ
ڵ߳ʼһ㶣̶ȻӳӢ䣬
ʼصͷڵϪһӾͼˡξǰЩд½߸ס溰ͣ
ͨװô棬ڵͷķͣվھ޴Ļǰ΢΢üͷ˷ڵϪ΢˼һ£˵ǣд½
д½Ϫװһ־ʲôط
д½ǵӵߵģҲ˵ǵȵĺ󱲣ͬξǻ֮ء
Ϫֳ˼֮ɫ˵ģ
Ȼģӵг档
ǡܹ˵˵д½𣿡Ϫдſ
Ȼԣ국˵ҽ֮ǰܹȻشһ𣿡
У˵
ǽ𣿡ʳԼһֱ⡣
ȻǽġϪдһԺͣҺ˵һſѧңȻʲãܹǳ
˵ϪָָԼԴǳشһĿѧң־Ľ
Ϫһڱͫ߶ڱЦȫû뵽һϵϪ˵Ȼ
ڵĶӳɲ֪Ϫ˵ѣпϲһܹķѧƳķ֣˵Žֵַϡ
ܹȥ
ܹЩƭסƭֽȥԼⷽʵȫԺɨռһеԴ


732
ӷ˷ǰŷֺϪԣ¶еЦݣλװͬôƺ
Ϫ¶˺ЦݵϪôƺ
кݺݵر˶ԷӣеЦݵҽҰͿˣ
ϪĴָ֣һ֣һˣͰһĺˣ
ϪһѾͷ˫翪ʼ΢΢ĶʵЩ̲סˣҪЦϪоĲ¶תͷȵôô£͹ʹк
һ̧һƬ࣬ЩӲһ˴Ĵָ֣һ֪ǺͰһĺˣ
ϴ˼ƺǿƽ̬ٴ¶Цݵװͬ򿪷ֻӭ𣿡
ϪҺֳһ˿ԥûкҽд½أ
װͬɲǴ֮ԶǲӦýǽȥϢһ£ٺϸϸ𣿡
ǡǡ
ʲô
ǡֻǸѧҲܹƣɣͣԵȣȥǵĿѧңѷִ򿪡ģǵĿѧ֪һ½һѯǸĿƼ
΢΢üͷǾͲܹ绰
ûãϪҡͷһĿѧң绰Ͳӣȥ
ǡðɡǿ
ããϪ̻ͷԻ͵̻ȥҿѧңǵͬˣϣ̰ѷִ򿪡
ǣ
̷˿Уź󷽷ȥ˲ʧӰϪתͷֳЦݵͣԵȣܿģ
Ҫʱ䣿
ܿģʮӾͺãȸǽд½ɣ
ðɡ
ʼһЩд½飬ʱֹȥ˴ԼʮӵģһӰӷڵԶ˹ͣǸ˹ȥ
ಡ
Ǹ˷ֵǰɫһ㶣Ϊ˲Ǹղ뿪Ǹ͡
ˣߵΣϪ˵
ˣ국˵Ȼȡ˵绰ͨŻ
ˣ˳ĻŲܳ˭أ򿪷־С̻еķ˼ƣǸǰ׼
ǰķֻشһŻ˳Զؾͳ˫֣ϴЦݣӭӭͣ
Ҳֻ֣ɫֳԵļ֮ɫǸոϸֳ֮ɫͽϣһֻѾ֪ʲôʱסԴ
顭
Դͱһ飬źѩص¡
ಡ
δ˳ȥѾȡǳݺݵһ˶ķ
ꡭ
һն롣
䡭
ըһƬ⡭
ಡ
δȼ׹ٵķз˳
顭
ѾʧսһܸڣڿŻ棬˳ȥед½ֽȥ

ӵʱ䣬бһˣед½߶նɱһաֻһȵѩ﷭
꽫еĸһƮվǸд½ߵĸǰһŲ壬ֹסķȻȵҪʹҪ
Ǹ˻Ҹʹ죡
ãʲôʲôңд½ڵʲôţ
ִţǸд½ߵҲִ̽Ѹٵ˵һ飬ȻҸʹ죡
ã
ͷһɽͻȻԹǸд½ʺ꽫ɽȻϪɨս
ļ޶ˣϪá޶ȥϪ˽ӽ鷿
Ϫʲô飿
ȥад½˻ԴԴϵظվӦġ
ͷҪ뿪ǰд½
ʲôҪ뿪Ϫ˻Ȼ뿪ˣô죿
Ϫļ֮ǰҲ뿪ꣿҲûгʲô𣿡
˵ɫ˵ģǲܹһֱȥѰ취ǽ糹׷ֿķڵ򣬶д½ҪȥѰİ취
Ϫɫܾᣬ֪˵Ķԣûед½ߣ쿴ܣûз֣ƾһ˾ͿԺɨ
ҲҪŬЩҩİǵĽӦúܿ죡Ҳһʱд½ֵİ취
ʲô취Ϫ۾һ
ҲǸд½˵ִţһǰд½ͨıؾ֮ǿɱǰд½ߣȻ߼ˡд½֪֮ǰǰ߶ǿˣ˱ɵڶʱڿ²ߡ
⵹һ취Ϫͷ
Ҳûа취İ취ܹЧɣһʱ䣬ʱ䣬һд½ֵķ֣Ҳ򲻿ٽϢȥǱҪһʱ䡣˵ʱǾѾ˰취
갲е֮һܣȻ뿪˵д½ķȥٶֱȻʱֻ࣬ʮһµʱɹвǰ죬ͣӿվǴٵѵط


733
Ȼ·ȥѰһȫĵطһ߷ʳǳҩһһѨϣһ߹עա
һµʱ䣬ҷд½߼ɱ⣬ֻǹ˼ߡͬʱҲһѨϣﵽһ۷塣
û뿪һ£Ҳûзд½ķŷ˿Уд½ķȥ
һº
ص˵ǸСһưһһߺžƣһΧ̸
ܿͷ־ư̸ܶͨĵ·ϵǿǵгܹǵη塣
΢ģܹЩ˿־壬ǾͲǰ򡣵ܹټһѻͺˣ
һɳ΢üͷ˼šʱһһű¶Ůߵ˳£Ц˵˧磬Һȱƣ
һŷԱһָһԱߵ˳ĸǰ΢΢ӵʲôҪ
ƣ
ǸԱǸŮӵλС㣬Ҫʲôƣ
Ů۲˧磬ǲҵʲôƣ㶼밡
û⣡ƴֵ˵ϵʯȷʵ࣬˴Ķ֮⣬ʣµĴʯ˼ˣʯ԰ֻʣ˲һƷʯ
ǣһж
ƴֵģŮӵϾһϲϿ˿˵˼Ҫһƿ
ãֻ˵һ֣͸źˬŮ۾һȻŷûУǵõľƣһƿ
ǣ
ȥһһ̵̣һƿƣƿԱ߻һűǩ̷ŵ輸ϣؽƿǿȻ˫űǩݵ˳ǰ
ɨһۣдʮƷʯ겻һӣû뵽һƿƾȻҪʮƷʯҪǻƷʯһʯȡʮƷʯڣȡһƷʯӵСѣǸֳЦݡ
ллʲôҪ뾡ܷԸ
һ˵һΪ˵ľƱ˾ƣŵ뿪ǸŮȲضƱһڣҰҰ죬һ˵ƾǺúȣ
Ʊһڣ΢΢ͷƵĿڸǲֻǶһֺڰ䣬һĩ֮ǰĻȡȴһζ
˧磬㲻Ǳ˰ɣʱǸŮѾȫڳϣͲĻˡ
١Цһ첲§һǸŮӣβץһѡ
̡
ǸŮһ¶˳˧ֻҪһƷʯС
Ҫ飡ֳһ˿ֽһƷʯ˫֮䡣
ǸŮӽ˫֮һĨǿʯʧȡһڳһڣҪҪҸطҸ㴵
䣬˳ɲţ׺һھƵֻҪã㶼û⣡
ðŮЦ˧磬ҷ񰡣ʲôְҵģ
ðգֽ̧ǸŮӷԼɲߣֳ˲ɣ֮ɫ
ӴǿһΣյְҵϲЩðߣŮӽЦǴ󷽣ҡ׳
Ǻǡ
˧磬˵˵ȥðˣðŵֽʲô
ͻȻֳһ˿Ȼã̾Ϣһûðˣ
ûðˣʲô˼ŮӸоɫ仯΢ֱһЩ
ûʲô˼ðűˣ˶ˣʣһ
Ů죬۾ֵų꣺ǡȥðȥ˰
򣡡ѵ³֡
Ůɫһ̶ǿ
ɫһࣺô֪
ҡ˵ģŮӱɫţ˵ЩӴҶ̸ǿ飬ǰЩӻмǿӻư˵Ҳӻİɣ˵˵Щǿʲôˣ
¶һ˿־壬Ʊһ֮󣬽ƽ֮ŵһȺֲӣ
ֲӣŮһס죬˫Ŀ֮¶֡
ǵķǴǱĴҵʱһֱӣҲ˲ˡ˺Զû뵽һǿȴһֱ׷ңƵֻдӿн䣬ڴܡΪǸ˵ٶȷǳ죬ҸͷɲǣǸǿִţҾǽ׷ᡣ
ǡôģ
ͷ֪ܳһޣûдңȴȥǸǿǸǿȻ޴ҲˣȻҾͰץ̱ƹ֪Щԭǿֲӣԭ׷ɱ·ӣȥԽ˭֪ȥ˵֮󣬷İʲôҲûУֱԴѷ˼㣬һˮûСǾԭ·أڷص;ǰԽһЩðšǾ˴ٵ⡣˵ΪֹǰķǴǻһֱȥȻڴôԴһֲأǰðŶ١
ָԼһƣһ
ˣû飡ȡһƷʯ˲輸ϣɳվȥ
Ȼڳ뿪֮ǸŮӱ㽫Ϣ˳ȥϢԼٶд½׼ǰĸðźС㲻ǰһЩĴģҲԥ


734
뿪˾ưɣһ˳СţһѰ˼š
Լûжʯˣ´ηصʱŹд½ϵԴȥֻӵӴԴܹõʵسɳ
Ūʯ
װ
ڻŴĴ׺ۣϴֻһС֡Ѿѻ̫ˣٲдһ£ûеطˡ
Ѱһõס£Ȼڸ׺װһԪռ䡣
Ȼŷɻʼд½˴ڵͼѡÿУȻɻֱӱȻѡһпʼ۴׺ۡһȦһڼƷʯȵﵽ̫ƽǵʱһڼƷʯѾʣһǧڼƷʯǾǧڼƷʯ˸ֿƼϣ豸ϣи͸ҩ
ҲٵļΣķž磬װǡҲһûаѣնսһȻԷȫնɱҲóˡ²ų׻ָ
̫ƽǣװİһ׺ֽۣ˴εõʯȫ˸ҩ֮󣬳ڳתȦӣվû˸ԼʩʩȻ뿪˳ǣźХɽȥ
һαصľ飬һζһ֪ۡԼӵž磬ЩҲֶΡҪȥХɽȥХɽ;Уû׷ôû˸ԼʱԼжαװٷ̫ƽǣɻڡ
Ȼ껹û뿪̫ƽǶãʹ׷ˡľһɨϵɫһ䣬˾Ȼ弶
̿˾źХɽķٷȥɫһ㶣û뵽ٶһôࡣжϳٶҲļľ硣
˶һۣȻٶų׷˹ȥѸٵž롣һ׷һӣڿոճ˺ХɽıԵѾ׷һʹǹһʹҲųĺ󱳾͹˹ȥ
дʱѾȡǳȻɽԲĵ籡ŶԷն˳ȥ
䡭
ͬһһص˳ȥǳ֮ʵȻֻһǱֵܹߣټɽԲѾսļ۷壬ǶԷ弶һˡһζײѪӿۡһһѪ
ಡ
ӰҼйų깥˹
顭
˫˵棬ͬأبŴһ㡣еǳɽͬһɽ಻
顭
˲սһֻǶ̶̵غϣһѪȻ䣬겻̹ĳǹأ·һɽݺݵǸʹߡ
顭
Ǹһ٣һҲζݵͣ٣ʱѾתǸǹѾ̵ǰ
ء
һ߬סǹˣǰһͿ˶Է
ˡ
ʮɽͻȻХ
̫ˣ
ԷûзӦһŴͷ­ͱʮѷɽʳ촷ۡ

һվ˴̹ĳ֮ϣٴα˳ȥɤһһѪ
ˡ
ʮɽڿŶǸ߼ȥ

꺧Ȼط֣Ǹ߶Ըʮɽѣ෴ƺɡĿһ֮£ԸʽеĹ켣س˳
ԷȻһṦµߣʹĸһ񣬲Ӳɽǽеķɽƫ˷򣬴ܷɹ
ǡ
ʮɽڿл۳һ󽣣弶ܺݺݵնȥ

Է㣬Ȼһ㽫ǰѴƫ˳ȥųӶһñֱͬһǹʺ
ȣ
һȣǳն˳ȥ

͵һԷƫȻ˳һù
˻
·ƣ߲һۡ
֮֮
˲ڶԷıһնԷһշǳɨԷһչٴ˳ʺ

л۶ɵǰѴ󽣵˳ʺǱ˴֮ϡȻǱһķɽͱ˳ȥǽٴųʺ˹
֮֮
˲ԶͶԷ˾롣ԷҪų׷ȴʧˣ
һһʧ
һһ֣
˲ڶԷǰһֻȭͷڶԷмٵطŴ
ԷƮݵغˣнһųȭͷ˹ȥȭͷȻſָڽһ
顭
ıڽͬʱһɰŶԷڳ˹ȥԷһ˿죬ڰ嵽˽֮ʱȻɿнͬʱһų˹ȥ
顭
һ߱һȱñֱͬһ˴ǹ˳ĵ
ͬʱһŶԷն˹ȥͬʱеĴŶԷ˿żХնȥ
Էһգǳͬʱμ׹ֽסڿʱͨѾڱϡ

ͬһڿдһ㣬һһĴ󽣶˳ȥ
ಡ
ԷȻӿ죬Χųˮع˳һķȫչͬһ˿߽ڿб֯һŽ˿С


735
ʱǳܣһȻ޷ʹ·̶󡣱һ͸֮֮ͨʩչ·ΧĿռ䶼һ
س겻жܵ඼оѹ֡ͬһƬŨصѹͷ
ľʼûôŹ·ڱ
ʵǳףԼĹһֱ߸͵·ӣȴߵ·ӡ·ӳҲû߹߹ϵ·ӣȴ˸͵·ӡ
ᣬǾͿ˭ǿһʱеǸǳ֮еɽȴ޷ƿԷĽ
ǳʹɽȴѾǶ֣Էһм䣬ϵ·Ѿò˺ۡ
֣ͷҲ֣ͬһֻеͻ
ꡭ
һƬһִһڿ˸ܼ
ͻȻһ֣еǳȻ˳ȥ
䡭
ǳʱͷųһֻƣƲɽֺأƿһеİԵȻûиղſȴɢϢ
һ˲䱩弶ܣֱ弶۷塣·һ˺ƣóͷȻһǸ߿ľӪĽȻ飬ź󷽷ȥ˳ȥ
ۡһһѪ
ˡ
еһѴնͬʱٵ˹һսͷŻϢмٷŴ

ִټ÷ɿеĴ󽣣ȴѾᣬڿеαŵһףһǳѾŻϢն
䡭
ǳͻȻı仯״Ľ࣬αһͬһǰŵ׹䡣
ಡ
еĴ󽣷ֿͬһ֧֧˶Է

ûв򼸰ѷɽһֻϢִӿ¡
ꡭ
һ磬֮УĵƺںϣȻ
䡭
һɵǸе˳ȥƲͣӶԷԷ룬ŵ׹䡣

곤һŵȥվڵ֮ϣſȥ
ꡭ
һ磬ճյſУ˶֮С
쭣Ļأ֮ѾΡвʱشһףһա
ȻǴĻӡ
䡭
Ļըѡ
۾ſнɢȥƣ¶һ˿ϲΣ֮Уݺ֮ʣȻһеƣдĻơ

ǳڵ棬ѽ鲻¿ȥվĻ֮С
ܿ죬ϵѪվͱϴɾҲֹͣ¶˽ȡһƿҩϵ˿ڳͿĨȻַʳһƿҩȡ˸ˬ·ϡһɽǳȻʼɨս
ߵһһ˳ǹְ˵ĴԪռ˳һɨŲٵʯ۽磬ȻЩʯǧҼƷʯպ֮󣬳걻һѾжеαװʱֻ·㾶ֱ̫ƽǷȥ
ص̫ƽǣһɳֱӱȻŷɻڶȥ
ڵš
ӿн˵Ѿȥ˽ʱ䣬ѾӦóΪŵˣȥԳʵԳΪ洫ˡһֱûзţûаɵŵӡ
ȥٻصд½ͺķ˳һҵʱ䣬ڰ˴۴׺ۣԴٻصѾײµʱ䡣ӻδʼţŵȴѾеʱ䶼׼μ״ˡ
Ŷһֽŵա䵽ԼԺڣſȥڷŵϰ롣
ǡ
Ųûд򿪣һ󾯱
ಡ
ΧĽɳһӰҷźܿ챻򿪣һڳǰų꣬㵵ı飬ɳȵ˭
Ҳһǳ꣬˭
ꣿǸ΢΢üͷȻʲôֳ˾ݵǳꣿ
ಡ
˼ӰִĿѲһ£ȻڳϺȵô¶
иֳһ˿ŭ⣺һô£ҷ䣬˴
ʦ֣ڵǸֳЦݵᣡ
᣿ʲô᣿
ȥûз𣿰ڵĹأǸûз㽫ջءԡ׵ġ
ɫһ㶣ĿִӣִԱͷϱֳһ˿ΣʱǸִеһӵ鷳һݣ
ţʲô
ڵĹÿӱ׷ûзرΪԣ㲻ûסĵطҲܹκεĸ
κθüͷȥͼвУ
У
ȥǳ𣿡
УûÿһȵݵǼǣȥҲУ
ǡô죿üͷ
ְ취Ǹִָһǵ£ȵ״ȵʱ򣬲ĵǼǡ֮ǰûоסĵطȥ̫ƽǣٻڶ취㽻һʯǰ㲹롣Ҳòμӽײˡ


736
ŶѰ˼һµʯ
ܹģžΪ˳ͷЩΥˣҪϽһƷʯ
һӵǹģ
ǸִЦѾˣͲȵȰɣһƷʯ治һСĿ
˵һ۳һŵӲôʯ
ʦ֣Ǹסڳ귿߶Ǹִ˵ǳ꣬ʦ֣
ꣿĸꣿʦɫһ㶣̶һųǸǰڴȡŵӵһĳꡣ
ǣͷ
ϣʦһĶͷû뵽ʦ֣Ҫûеطסȥסɣ
ҡҡͷȥǳ壬Ͳܹѧϰǳ°벿ĵڶ㣬µʱɲ˷ѣⲻһƷʯܹġ
һǻһƷʯɣܹܲ¶ѾƿҪĹ
ŶʦֻȻҴȥ
ллʦ֣˵
ãͬʦֵӦæʦֿ˵һʦһ˵ȥǼǴȽһƷʯϽȻ¸Ǽǡ֮ΪȥûлԸߵĳҪߣҪȥŴ㴳Ų֤нŵʵȻڸ´ٴεǼǣſȥš
ȥأ
ȥȥŵǼǴȻȥŴ֮ٻصǼǴǻᰴ㴳ĳɼ°סŵľסҪǿˣÿһŵӶӵһ
ʦֵгĽ΢΢ͷҳΪŵ֮ǲǻҪÿ궼ű
ãʦҡͷֻмӺŵӲҪÿ궼ŵҪÿһΡ洫ʮһΣʥǶʮ걨һΡͻʥӣΪ˳ϣǾͲٱˡֻҪû鷢û˻ܡ
ллʦ֣
˱ıŵǼǴʦֵĴ죬ܿǼϣǼǴǸСʦųͨÿ˵ʱ򣬼ӵһǧƷʯʱʱ۾ðСǣ
ʦִųŸɫһ㶣ԶԶؼʱĸǰȻΧˡʵʦ֣ôȥûл𣿡
ǣʦЦЩӶģҪˣһŸĴֻҪһƷʯͿԴһ
΢΢üͷҪȵʲôʱ򰡣
㲻õȣʦЦֻǽһƷʯϽһƷʯʲôʱŵһλ
⻹ãϲͷ
ʦˣ
ʦִˣ

껹û߽ЩΧڸΧŵӶϲغѳһһۿסԼǸӣлȻһԼҪ˳ȥԲôĵܹΧۡ
ô˵ҲЩŵӳԼ㺬Цͷʦ˵ǼǴǸǼǴʦڼ걨˺룬鿴һ³ϣȻͷͬȥ
ʱͿճһȴų꣬Ҳٳɣ󲽵ŸȥҲûȡֻǳֿȭؽ뵽ڵĵһ㡣
֣Ǳͨһоͻ˶Ļˡŵڶȥ
䡭
ˡ
롭
ʲô밡֮һ붼

룡
Ӹ˳֮һƬžÿ˵жͷųݺ𾪡Ǵûп˿ٵˡλʦҲؿߵʦ֡
ʦ֣
ŶŶʦ˹
Ҫȥˣлʦˣò˵
ȥʦ˵ʱˣһôԼһҪסȡΪһִӣʵǼȻ֪ʲôʵȴ֪ԼһǳĶ֡
ǰǾż۷壬ӦͻƵǼ˰ɣҪͻƵǼҲô׵ģ֪ǼؿһǼ꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬һûͻƵǼĵӡ
ղ˵ƿͻǼƿͻǼһ㵽֮ƿ˵ͻǼƿ˵ùȥΪֻ˵Ȩʦͻϸ¸ոͻƵǼһ㣬ȨѾʮ꣬ͻƵǼ⣬ǳŽŶã
ţ
ԲǼһ㵽֮ƿӦǴǼͻƵǼ֮ƿ
˼ţ˵ʵεĵӿ˴˵ĵط𣿡
ŶУʦַӦ˵߲εĵǿͲεӵ򣬵ǵͲεǲܹȥ߲εġ
ǡʦ֣
ŶҲͬŵִӣֻҵĹʵŵӣ
Ŷͷ
˺ܿŵӵǼǴʦֵİµǼ꣬˱߳˵ǼǴŸķȥ
ŵĸǰûжˣźܶõĸʵʦ֣Ÿôûж˴
ʦЦŵӺŵӲͬŵǿԳȥģǶնɱޣںˡ
Ŷ
ͷһǰĵǼǴǼ֮󣬱뵽
ûȡֻǽ֣ǱֻͨߵʹӸ˳
̫죬û˵ע˳ʦֵʦ֣
ŶŶʦ˹


737
߰ɣ
ŶŶ
ʦֻеظųŵǼǴȥǷɳȥãΧɧ
ݣ˭ߵ룡ҪҪôţ
ʲôߵ룿
ԼǸָŸ֮ϵĴĻ
ļٵģ
ǳ֪꣡ǰڴŵһǸˣ
ˣ


ʦ֣ͨÿ˺Ÿң
ŶŶ
ʦԺؾͱԼ˺šȡֻһһʦֵֻʦȡֻһۣȻȵųתһƷʯ
ţͷлһ·ϵİæ
ʦ𾪵ذһ죬аǵŴȵĵһǺˬһƷʯֻǴһ·
ʦ̸ӵųŵǼǴȥ˵θոڵϣһ𣺡ⲻǳ𣿡
ͷһ΢΢üͷ˲Ǳˣǵѵһٵ˾ͽʡҲֹ˾ͽһˣһ߸ˡվмһɫư꣬ĺǿ࣬Ƿ˾ͽֻվ߸˵ϣ߸г껹һˣȴǵŵķȨ
Ȩ˳꣬һ˿£뵽ԼѾǼһڣѾѨϣϵ͸¶ֹͣţĿһ˿꣬Щȥȥôûл
ͷȨûʲô㣬㵭صͷе顣
꣬һΪ棬˾ͽʴЦ
ľһɨ˾ͽʵʵҲﵽɰԵͷСӵҲȻܹŹԼˣһһֻƾ˳ȥ
˾ͽʵɫһ䣬ǲ֪ʵǿ̵ߵˣЩ˶ߣ˾ͽҲЩ洫ɽһ٣ùϵȴû뵽˳ꡣ
һʱ֮㱻ŭͷԣҲĽúһꡣΪһмǸ˾ø磬ʮڣѾǼ㡣ֻҪøڣʲôµģ
ȫû뵽ˣһ⣬ƾųٶ޷ֻܹһ˹
һֱȭͷԱ˳վһԵķȨų˹ոͻǼãոռ֪˾ͽ˾ͽĵõܡֵĻᣬֻסһƣһܹõ˾ͽĵĺøУԥسˡ
˾ͽԭҪ֣վ˾ͽߵķȨˣۺЦͣ˳ꡣ
ž
Ȩһȭգһƺݺݵ˾ͽʵϡ˾ͽʵ˲Ѫɣʮݴ˳ͬһһ㵹˳ȥ
顭
˾ͽʵݺݵˤ˵ϣֱӱһȻ˹ȥڲɱͬţһƻֱӽ˾ͽʵԴ顣Ȩεվ¶Ųŵ𾪡
ѾǼ˰겻ǼôܶԼһȭ
˾ͽĵɫһ䣬潫õһƴ裬ţݺݵص˷Ȩһۣаղȳ֣ҳֵĻôóóѣ
Ȩ˾ͽһɣɫһ䡣˾ͽļǺԼԺԼתоûкӹˡ
﷢Ĵ򶷾ŵӣһ߷˹ȨѸٵ˾뽫򵹣һҪݺݵش򵹣Уܹ˾ͽĵ½⡣
һ˳ȥվ˳Ķ棬˸׺ݵĿ⡣ʵͿ겻˳ˣԭĹԣҫ˹ȥ
ǣʵмҲұֳ
ǣͬˣ
ԼѾǼͣǼ֪ûн뵽Ǽڼʮŵȴֻ򣬶ŵȴһ洫Ӳǧ
ô洫ӣ洫ӣ֪ܲ
϶ղֻԼ˶ԷֻҪԼóȫʵһ԰ѳ
Ҫʲôλʦڴ˹ڲ˽Ծ
˾ͽȻؿһλʦ֣˵ССһŵӣȻҹҵ飡㲻ڴ𣿡
㡭
ʦ֣꿪סͲùˣ
ꡭ
ڰֵû£
磡
ʱһӰ˳ߣȴһ磬ˣ
ľһɨ¶֮ɫѾ߼ˣκͽأ
ϴ
Ӱ˳ߣ꾫һɨ¶˿ĵЦݵȻǾż۷ˣ
Ȩŭˣ꾹ȻȫǼ졣Ǽһ͸ųȵ꣬ҹ£
䣬κػͷ˷Ȩֻͷ˳ꡣ
ϴô¶ҪҪʰ
λԾԾԣǳ֮ʮ˽ԼսǾԼźһһʵ
ǣ仰ֱӰѷȨ̡
ʲôʱǼǼǰˣ
˰ֵҵ飬ûлúܶң
䣬κѿЦܾûпϴˣֿԼʶˣǺǡ
һȥͷȨ¶м䡣ΧЩŵм۷׷ס


738
ǸǷʦְɣ
ǰķʦѾǼ֣洫ˣ
Ǹ˭
֪Щ
ˣǸǳ꣬ǰŴȵĵһص֮ʧˣȥ궼ûл
Ŷ֪ʲôΪ
ǰǾż۷壬ʦֶͻƵǼˣҲӦͻƵǼɣ
ɲ˵ͻǼôȥûл˵ʲôΣգʵأ
˵ˣúÿţǾҪˡ
국ؿһ۶ķȨȻ󽫾Ŷһɨиһ˿ȡˣȨһʵԺԲơһǶһһļ弶ֻ弶ǳڡ
겻ûп־壬з˷þ˫ݱ弶ΧɱͻϮɱǸʹǹģɱǸʹ߿ƾʵʵı¡
Ǹʱͷ֣ԼͻȻһʽ֮һ֮Լǳ֮Ȼܹ弶Ǹʱ򣬳Ǹոһ˿ɱǸ֮󣬳˺ܾãѾһʽ˴Բ硣
Ҫһ֮ǰЩ˷ֻһȫղס֣ಫ΢΢üͷ˼δ顣
һüͷķȨΪˣһֱԳļʴĵ緢˳ϼȷŴ󼥷֮ɫؿЦôˣ¸ҿļͷһῼֻһȣ
üëתͷŽ䣬ҶڵĹ̫˽⣬дԷ𷣵ĵط𣿡
ȨٴδЦ꣬㲻Ҫ£Ҳ㣬ֻ㣡
׳գ
ֱӶԷȨһۣԳ˽⣬ʱĳ겻ûͻƵǼʣǾɱ⡣뵽ǸºţһбеСϵĺë˵ϴֻ̨Ҫ˫̨ͬԸ
ãͷȻת˷Ȩ̨ɣ
ȨЦȻֹ¶֮ɫʱ˵ڴ̨֮ϳ棬ĵǿſ־ַѿˣ׳سɳò㡭˵ʲô
국ŶķȨ¶һ˿ģתͷŽ䣬ȥ̨
֣
һſзȥҲκҲ׷׷˾ͽȻŷȨʦܣ㲻ܹɱ̨֮ϣҾŪ㣡
䣬ǰһץ˻ڵϵ˾ͽſзȥ˷׷׷˿УȨɫ˼䣬ɫڵһ壬γ̨ķȥһŵӷ׷׷̨ȥ
顭̨֮ϣĿſȥ
顭
Ȩ̨֮ϣվ˳Ķ档˾ͽĵ̨Χ̨֮ȥ
꽫ȨĿ˻̨֮µ˾ͽĵǲһ˷Ȩ֮Ҫ̨ս
˾ͽȻһЦûܹڵ֮󣬻ܹ˵ػšԼԼ˫ȣҾһ
국һЦҽոշţкܶҪûʱ˷ѡҲɣʡʱ䣡
ʲô
̨ΧһӶžǷ𣿾Ȼһͬʱսˡ˿ɶ洫Ӱ
ǺǺǡ˾ͽͻȻЦ꣬ոջ»֪ǵݰɣ
Ŷ
ǿɶ洫ӣǺǸȨ洫ӣ
Ŷ
֪ȨʲôʵǿѨϵһ۷壡
Ŷ
֪ʲôʵ𣿡˾ͽָһߵǶ
Ŷ
˾ͽķŭˣһνģը˷Σɫӵָһߵ
Ŷһ̲ģ
˾ͽһָԵһӵļ
Ŷ
Ҿ弶˾ͽĶݺݵ˵аӦñ˰ɣһ𣿿ô˵ȥĻջ
ŶֵءŶһ
ųֲ̲ģ˾ͽһ䡰ʲô˼ȴǸΨضųꡣҪ˵ʲô
˵ˣ국ʵ
ˣ˾ͽŬƽԼ
ѾˣǾϲҸʱ䣡
˾ͽɫһȫû뵽Լ˵Լⷽߵʵ֮󣬳껹Ҽ֮ǰ顣Ŀ΢΢һаѵСʵܾôȥ÷Ȩʵ
˾ͽ˲ͰѷȨڻңЦ㻹սʤ˷ʦ˵ɣ
˵ͷջĿ⣬˷Ȩ׼𣿡
Ȩɫһ̫ͣˣĺһ־ͻὫһ㡣Ȩʱٸ˿⡣
Ц
궼˾ͽһȺսˣԼҴ⣬ǲ
̨
ȨȡŶĳ˹ȥȴûȡȨ͵͵һǼʶɽʱдûȡҪֿȭսģһͬʱҲһŭ
ȻҳֿȭԸңͲȻҪҾͳȫ㣡


739
Ȩһеαų˹ȥ
顭
ոճһĳʧˣ
֮֮
γڷȨĶ棬һֻŽâȭͷǰ
Ȩһãն˳󡣳ֱ۴ʱŽ󣬽ʩչ˼¡

Ȩĳ˳ϣһײ
ȨֳЦݣ̨µ˾ͽҲ¶Цݡ
ǣЩЦ˲ͽϣΪûȨһöϣѪĳ档Ȩײû˿ı䷽򣬱ֱغڷȨǰ֮ϡ
Ǳڳȭͷըѣ޴˲ͰѷȨɳȥ࣬˲䱻˷飬δ̨֮Ϸڿлһߣݺݵˤ˵ϡ
ۡ
ȨϻѪǷȨȴѾоˣѾ䵽֮ǰѾһȭС
̨֮һƬžŵ̨Χ˾ͽ֮ⶼǼӣʱǼķȨȻһȭһڷȨֱֳ£һɿˡ
ǵʵ޷飬һŵôɱһתӣ
ʱĽ䣬κȴ۾϶ѾͻƵǼ뷨Ļ˾ͽġʱˣղųΪʲôһϣΪ˼Ǹʵ
ѵԷʵѾԼ弶ϣԲܣżڶ೤ʱ䣿һڻˣղ˳꣬ûϸ۲ϢһҪúÿ
˾ͽĵĿԵǸǶǸǶͷһݣԽ̨һбȡһսֳһ˿Цóı
국һЦԷֻһǼ㣬ȫûбҪóԼȫʵǳܹ֮ԾοԼͬʱ˽ֺǱ
Ŀƿ̨֮µ˾ͽĵ˵˵һ飬һϰɣ
Ӯ˵˾ͽȻ˵
̨֮ǸǶ˲ǺǸȫıķŭֵ˲䱬еսһڡ
顭
δ̨Ծų˹ȥһ˺˿δѾͷ
֮֮
ʧˣеĵӼæڿȴֳȫʧټôתʼտꡣҲ뵽˳󣬵Ǵתǣȴꡣ
ʵֻ֮֮ʵ̫ʼյ˶ԷöԷ
顭
һƲ˶ԷĺģȻαˡǸת˳꣬ȻĿ¶˿־壬ͷȥԼؿڶһ
顭
е࣬ĵź浹ȥնɱЩд½ûһѹĿ̨֮µ˾ͽĵӦһ˰ɣ
͡˾ͽķһЦղѾʮϲֻǼһ۷ϢղźͳսĵӲǶܹԽһսд½ϲʲô¡ԽһҲǼˣû˵ǸܹԽĿǰд½û
ˣǼҲˡ˳ʵЩ˵ͬʱҲŭ
һǼһСӾȻһȺս
ⲻ⣬Ƕǵ衣
顭
Ǹ̨ͬȡһսֱָŶĳı
Ŀûпһ߶ûսԡںХɽб弶׷ɱʱѹ֮¾ͻƵļ󣬵ǻҪѹﵽͻƵٽ㣬ֻҪһõǳ°벿ĵڶķܹ̻ͻơ
Ҫ˾ͽһѹ
ǻڵʲô
˾ͽɫһͣһ˿ŭӿͷ
һһһ𣿡
΢΢һüͷҪβſһϣ
˾ͽ̧һָ̨֮ϵǸܹܣǾʹӦһϡ
˵۾һ
˾ͽıòУĵСӻǲ֪ǵͷ
ãۿһǸ׼ˣ
ı
ã
㡭ǸЦãããҪѰû㣡
΢΢üͷ׼𣿡
׼ˣԷߵغ
ͻȻʧˣ
һһʧ
һһ֣
γʹ֣ͨǱͨ˲ڶԷǰһȭͷڶԷڼٵķŴ
̫ˣ̫ͻȻˣ
ǶԷûлţսǰȭͷͻȻſָһԷеսһУſȭͷٴճȭͷݺݵغڶԷϡ
顭
ζԷ岢ûǰպɣֻź˳ȥվΡ

ԷЦг˼ǼЦֻЦȻֹ
顭
һ𣬵һըʱȻѣ˼飬̨֮ϡ
һ߿ɫɷףǲûпɱˣɱɱôֲĻһοرһЩŮӣֱʼ
תͷ̨֮µ˾ͽģĿû˿飬˾ͽһ䡣ʱҲûаԼܲһսʤˡ


740
һ
ôʵѵαװ԰ϸϢһ
ʱѾ˲ˣɱ£ܹնɱ̨֮ϣ˾ͽĵͶˡԵһ弶һļһֵϣ
ಡ
Ӱ̨֮ϣγһλãվһǽϣΧм䡣
һļ弶վмȴֻһһ
ϡ
˱һֳֳǹԶһֳ־޸ǿһֳһԶذȴǽɱ·ӡ
ûöԷ˿ڣγȡǳббشࡣ
Χȫžһ̣סˡѾ˾ͽĵĿеֻ֪һһ㣬˾ͽȴ弶һļԭڵȼϾž޴Ĳ죬һ
ЩŵǲףΪʲô˷
ֻн䣬κʱ˫ͷ貵ĹâǵһǳǳǿҲԽս𣿡
˴ûŹĿض̨֮ϣΧĳ꣬Ҫγ֣ƽǿΧ
顭
˾ͽ˵ͷų޾ƣʱҲû˿ıҲһ˿ıʱѾѳ굱һǼһߣǰ˺Լһεߡ

ѳһܹǲвλϡ
֮ǰɱˣÿ˶ֻһУһûʹó˱ᱬǿмɵ
˾ͽгһ˴ǹʱĴǹУվڳĶ΢΢ֲɷ·һҪƶצųɶһųѹȶȥ
վڳǸļߣ˫ָһѶذʱǳǿľ磬¸͸оĴڣͬһصĶڳųıӰеѶذͬ
վڳҲһǼ㣬гһѾ޸ͬһһ㣬͵ѹ֮Ʊ
վм䣬Ʊ֮£Ȼ۾
ѹ
ָо
ɣ
ѹøҰɣ
ڵѪǳ֮纣һ㡰ؼӿɢ˳ȥɽͬһɽƽذͬһ˾ͽ˽١
˾ͽĵɴ۾Ұǳ꣬ڸогȴ·һΡĸɽɽڲֱͣ˱ѹ
ܹٵˣ
˾ͽ˲ߵϣóôȥĶ
ϣ
˾ͽһݣλδǰǰѳǹѾͬһ˳ʺ
ˡ
ǰѳǹʺһߵʱ˾ͽ˫һšǰѳǹǹⶶһţ£һͷųҧ˹ȥ
弶һ֮ΧĿ˱ѣó꾹Ȼоƺһ
궯ˡ
һضɽҡ
ǳ·һɽŶѹ˹ȥ
顭
ǳ׼ǹ⣬ǹײһ˾ͽûкˣҲûкˣ˾ͽĵȴ¶һ˿ϲɫڳҷһ뺷ӰѾ󲽳˹
ûзΣǴ󲽳˹ԭֻͳ嵽˳ĸǰɽ޸·ѿռ䶼ɻƿյХڿһģĲӰ
ǿĳУһӰϢ˳꣬еһ˫ذͬߵһش˳ʡ
ʱ򣬳ǳոպ˾ͽĵĳǹײһ
顭
ͻȻ̤ǰһǳһ˳ȥɽڶʽ޾ɽХǰһͬʱҲ˴ӿնµľ޸ʹʵһ˫ذ
ϡ
ǳȴһգһһ˲䣬˾ͽĸղź󳷵һƽ˹еĳǹͬһ˹
ͬʱ׳ľ޸ɨųɨ˹ȥǸļĵȴŵ˹еһ˫ذɭĹâ
ˡ
ͻȻеǳնһɽֻʱ㽫ɽʮʽն˳
̨֮µŵӴʱɫףоϢÿ˵ͷ·ѹһɽ
̨֮µ߶ˣҪ˵̨֮ϵ˾ͽˣǸоĲһɽһɽ
顭
ı̨˹ѣ̨֮ϵķ·޾ɽתɽ֮⣬һڸ壬һ޸ڿɽһĶŻ롣
䡭
Ӱˣ˵ü·ǱɣˡмĳҲͣͬһΡĸɽ
顭
죬˾ͽһų˹ղǲòˣʮʽɽһ𣬱ǲǵס㲻ˣҲʮܡ
ˣֺ˲ǰˣΪһνӵǼŸղһֽѾ˵˳ֻ꣬Ҫٽһ֣ܹնɱ̨֮ϡ

ȴǺܣһֽǳǱ޸ȫӲӲȻֱ۷飬ȴû˿˺˾ͽĵǹȴ֮˳壬ڳŰļͨһ˫ذ͸һ˿֮˳ڡ
ڴʱһһȵڽоʹꡣ


741
顭
ӰѾ嵽˸ǰһǹһһ˫ذ
䡭
ͻȻǿƣڱһװз·һ硣
ո
һ̨֮ϴһŰ֮У̨
ۡ
弶һѪź󷽵˶ȥǸļѪĻᶼûУͱնΡ
顭
弶̨֮ϣмĳ꣬ͬʱ˫̨֮һ壬γ˳ꡣѾѾǿ֮ĩڳϳһ죬һסһһȵڴݲг塣
ֻô
ּ˵ڳײˡžž죬óܵ˴ˣһˡ
顭
ڵٴײͻȻһ֣һ⣬еǳܰ˳ȥ
䡭
һʽһܱ˳ȥ̨֮ϳһֱŰ
弶߻ûüһͱն˼Ρ
̨һƬţ̨֮µȫסˣͳ׽Ľ䣬κҲ⡣
ʵҲʲôݳղһȫǵ̨֪֮˳˼ŸղŴһ
ĵڶʽ
ȥ˴ԼһСʱʱ䣬̨֮۾ǳ֮ת
顭
Ȼ˳ȥɫЩ԰סȡһƿҩ£ַһƬ֮Ŀ֮˫ȴ̨̣֮ϡ
Сʱ
ɫָ̨֮վ¶ϲ֮ɫھ޴ѹ֮£ĵڶʽҽʵѾͻǳڵڶٽ㣬ֻҪԼõڶĹ˲ܹõͻơ
Ϊϲǣѹ֮ͬʱҲõﵽ˼Ʒ弶۷壬൱弶۷塣
̨֮䣬κӭλʦҲԥһ£ջǲԸύĻӭ
ϴ󣡡
磡
ʦ֣
ĸ˷ֱ𼤶ųкĸк֮䣬ΣȻȥɣپ۾ۡ
ã̵ͷ
ʦ֣鷳ˡֻҪȥ洫򣬸һ۾ۣ
ʦ֣Եȣʦּæ˵洫Ϥϵһʦ֣ȥ
ҲһϲһȻҪ࣬㳯ʦֵֹǾ鷳ʦˣ
鷳鷳
ʦȡ˵绰һ˹ȥϵ֣һλ洫ӣǼĲ㡣
տʼõܵʱϴ⣬˼䣬ԼһǼĲ洫ҪȥдһոͻƵǼĵӣǲǵ
ǵõܵĽ֮󣬷һõڵ绰һιι֮ʱŷӦ˹
õܣ˵ģ˾ͽıǸɱˣ
ǰø磬ɣҰѳ͵洫ſڣϽһ£
ã
һԥ̹ر˵绰洫ĴſڷȥԶԶر㿴վӿнԺĿһɨ˳ꡣ
λǳʦܰɣ
ʦ֣ʩ
ÿԺǾʦֵˣӦ໥Ӧ
ڳϣȺͽ䣬δкȻֺͽ˸ǣٴθлλʦ֣Ĵȥ
ֱӴų˸洫ֻǧˣֻаʱ֮ǰ˲ֱ࣬ӴųһĵǼǴȥ˳ֽµǼǣȻųļʦܣȥˣֻд˵һ㣬֤Ǽһʵ
ͷŸȥȥǳ壬ûȥԼܹ㣬һͳ
ڸ֮⣬Χ˹еһ˶ʦܣǸˣ
ǣЦҵܵܵһѣ
Ŷ
ǰʵһǼ㣬ǶǼĲȴû˿𾴺η壬Ϊһ׸Ҳ洫ӣһ߲㡣ΰŸ洫۸һЩʵĵӡԣתתԭſʦֵϣͲҪСӵıˡȻˣǾҪչˡ
ֳһ˿񣬲ԼõܵĻҲҪʵЦ˵ֻӦҵܵܵ󣬴һǵҲܣ
ãˬ죡
Ļ䣬Ѿ˳΢΢üͷаֻǴͨ˵һ㣬ʵҲô
ģΰקקǰһб۳ųꡣ
꿴һֿۣһʼ磬һ޿κεģ㲻ΰ˵ǼǴǸŮӵʦ㣬ҵĳɼ˰ɣ
ţǸʦžûẓ̇ȻԳ˵ҰѾȥˣڿȥᷢһƣͬʱһ
ллͷתȥʦ֣鷳ұ
Сӣ˵Ļû𣿡ΰıӶˣûмһ˻ŵġŲһ˳ǰ
ס˽Ų΢΢üͷʱӿҪϽõǳѨϹĵڶ㣬ѹǳܡǰȴԼóзǿסԼȻŶԷ£


742
££ΰŵشЦţ
һٲǰȥ
ΰɫһ䣬һ˾Ȼ̵ܹȥ־һ⳯ų˹С
顭
̧һץסΰȻһ󣬱㴫ΰɱĲҽ󱻳÷飬Ȼɿһ˹ȥ
ž
ΰӷ˳ȥѪģʮ˳λڿоͻ˹ȥͨһˤ˵ϡ
ʦ֣߰ɣ국˵
һ£ȻûдӸղŵĳٶпʵѵСõ˵˾ͽɱˣ
УһһҪȥһ£
߰ɣ
ͷųȥһȺĿɿڴˡ죬Щ˲ŷӦ˹ǰ̧ΰҴȥ
ʱѾϣֵһ֮ûȥֱǳȥ
ǳɽŵһȥ뵽һԺźȥԺһͨڶصĴţֻʱĴǹرյġ˴Աߵһſڣָţ洫һ
˽ȥһֵˣ˽´ų
꣡
Ǹֵڼû˼£Ȼͷţȷʵﵽһ㣬Ҫȥڶأ
ţͷ
СӲǸֳЦݵȻǳڶأʲôϣ
ܹʲôϣЦɵõһǳ֮Һ
˵ҲǣǸӵͷڵڶʮӣһõǳ֮ҺҪͻƵ㣬ǲװڵǳ֮Һܲø㣬Ͳµˣ
Ҫһԣ국˵
ҡҡͷܶ˶һնı˹ϣܹҲڡ
䣬һťȥɣסʱ򰴶壬ֱӷɳȥᱻɱġ
֪ˣ
˳ȥȴѾ򿪣ٲ߽˴š뵽֮һƬ̨ףټ˳̨ϷȥȻһ޴ƽ̨
ƽ̨һʯʱʯǰˡĿһа˵һʮôʱֻˣ
Ŀȥƽ̨Χľ֮һݣбȻ˴ʱӦʮ˾չذԼǲҲչһ£
ȿɣ
ǰ˼ʮѰһطȻĿǿ޴ʯųʮʮ˸Ѩϵķؿһ֮󣬱۾ͷβһ֮󣬱ͷųԼľԼ壬ȻѹԼ
顭
ֻ˲䣬ʹͨ˵ʮѨϣͻƵǶ㡣
顭
ͻûнһͻѨϣͷȡһƿһǳҩ̷˽ȥȻþǳ֮еĹ켣ŵʮѨϳȥ
졣ʱͻѨϣֻʣѨϾܹﵽǶ۷塣
ǣûȥΪ֪ԼѹƵѾһգֻܹʳǳҩˣȴܹȥǳ֮ЧͲ˺ܶࡣԣ׼뿪
ӵվΧѾûӰЩ˶ص㷴ƽ̨֮ȥ
ܿ˴Ŵְ塣Żش򿪣߽˴ţӴһֵԴųСӣôչأôͳˣ
ŶѾסˣûǳȥã
ţǸνصͷ˻ȥٴꡣ߳ǳ壬γԼıȥ
յʱڵԵͼϵļ䣬Լ·ȥ㿴ԼǰվһˣǸ˼ȥ΢΢üͷϳǸ˾ǵΰһˡ
Ǹʧķ΢Ѱ˼һ£һȻԼǸΰˣҪɣ
룬򿪴űȥ˻ҳ֪ûʰˣˣԼְɣ
ӣ׼ɨŴеĨŴȥִ˷ţ㿴վˣһĶʵ˸âǳꣿ
ǣ
ҵܵܣ
ܵ˭
ΰ
ΰ˭
Ǹʵϸֳһ˿СӽԼĵܸܵˣȻ֪Լܵܵ֡һڸ֮еǸˣ
Ŷֳ˻Ȼʲô˼
СӣҽҪ㣡벻ΰһ߲ĸɣ
΢΢üͷ߲ûаӮöԷȻͻƵǶ㡣

ӮԷζɱԷֻҪ䲻þȫɱԷֻһ˵ͻᱩ¶Լӵо
ţ
ˣԼоطûܹġֻҪ䲻⣬ܹԷɱҲǱ¶Լľ
˰취ɫһûȤ˷ʱ䣬ҪǾ̨
͡ԷһЦ֪Щʵһ˻ɱ弶һļ֣Ϊܹ𣿡


743
ķϻ̨࣡ھߣҾ͹һҪʰӣ
۵ʱͱˣһ˿ɱãһ˭Ҳסȥ̨
һţȻֽŹϵҲ֪洫̨·
۵ɫһڣ뵽ҪԼ£ҲټƽϣһſзȥǼҲݺݵص˳һۣǣˣ
Ȼ۷ȥҲ˫һſзȥڵмʿͳ绰֪ͨԼһѡ
ܿ죬۵Ĵ˹㳡һֱ̨̨֮ȥҲʾ̨֮ȥ
̨֮ϣȡǳһ߼ڣ˿Ĵ⡣弶߽֣ϿȷԼͲһ߼ߵĶ֣ͶԷ֣һԼֻܹг䲻⡣
ԣȡǳ֮ڵǳ̻֮ͬһĵڶʽԾԾԡ
ûгһһ߹ȥûǰķʽƣ·ֻһͨŶԷȥ׼кֻеǳһֱŰϢ·ǰѵ̲һ
ʱ̨֮µһ͵͵һųȥŵֻĸ֣ˣ
ܵŵ˲ǱˣǳҼӢӣͳ㶼˳УҲܲ
ֲܹȥѰڱֻаﱨ𣬶һܹ֪ڵ֪ص֮󣬳ɳ˼ǰų
ǣϢǳ̨֮ϻɱ弶һļߵ֡ɳ߼ǰڣʱ߼߾Ǳ֮⣬Ǹͨ籨ŵҲǳҼڵĵӡ
ڡ
̨֮ϡ
һһԼƽĳ꣬ӹһ˿
ǻɱ˾ͽĵôûһƣҲԼԳ𣿡
һȡԼı˸޾ɱ
ʱĳѾףβϵϢȻ˳ȥֻҪһǹѾ룬۾ͻһнɱ
Ļ̌ŵȥеɱѾ۳͡
ˡ
ľü͸״˲˶Էʶ۵ʶڡ䡱һͬһըʶڱѣ˲һƬҡҵ˲䣬ǳڿŰܡ
һն
̨֮µЩ˿۾ǱһסӦûоͱһ룬мը̨·ɶȥڿлѪȻߣڵ֮ϡ
̨ΧһƬžе˶̨ϴʱͬɱһĳꡣ

³һһҪѵĸоⲻԪ̫࣬ľԭһԼ޷ӦĶ֣Եѹŵ˼㡣ĿͻȻ͸¶һ˿ϲľѹ£ľȻ˼Ʒ弶۷壬ֻҪԼȥ΢һιأһЩͻ̵õͻơ
⻹ʲô
̴̨֮ϷԾԼıȥЩ𾪵͵Ŀ⡣ǸղŸոշŵߣȻɫ䣬ȡ绰ַһš
ҡ
ĬĬ鷿֮ڣȴŷϢȻϵֻץֻ򿪶ţɫһ䡣ֻʾԳһ֣ɱ߼ۣ
ˣȵ
֮ĸ˾غһߵأ̫ڴŴȥֻ𶯣һС鳤ȡֻһۣɫһ䣬һԵһ߼ߵʵظ磬ôˣ
һĭɬ˵峤˵ոնɱ߼ۣﲻҪֻ֣Ҫ˳ˣѾɳǾżǰ
һСͱڡ
һӰ˫ȴ̣ϵϢԽԽǼϢ
顭
һѨϵǸϵϢȻȻ󽥽¶Цݣڳϴһ裬һ·Ŵ֮ȥ
ѾһѨϣǼȴûǰǼ򱨵ǴӴų󣬾ֱȥ
ıС
ڵĴľѾ˿Ҫһ룬óЩգһЩľһգˣԼҪѰһ
д½ǿľڣԼôܹŪһ
Ҳ֪ûĹ
Ӧаɣôţ㲻Ӧһɣһȥ
һڵĴһߺ˼š
ˡ
ʶľȵõһ˼Ʒڣ൱ʰһ׼뿪ǰХɽоԼ洫ѾЩ洫ӹעҪܵǳ֮»ᱻǷ֡ԣǾǰХɽ԰ȫһЩ
ಡ
ηԾȥ
һɽ֮ϣĸſ
ǳ꣡
ˣ
ȥģ
ԶԶظ


744
겻֪һУҲûͷž磬Ϊûû˸ڿһߣźХɽķȥ
ɽ֮ϡ
Ӱ𣬷˰ƣԶԶ׺˳
ڡ
һڷһ𣺡ʲôɱˣɱ˾ͽģֹһɱˣ
ʱ޽ɢ޾ɱոճأǼڰ˲ͻƵǼھŲ㣬ϲõĳأȴõһϢ
ͻƵǾżȻֻǾżڣȴѾ洫ӵ۷Σ־ȴһ˹ܹնɱ̨֮ϣԺô죿
˭ӣ
̸սҪ̨һս޽
뿪ˣ
뿪ȥĶˣ
֪
顭޽һŽǸ߷˳ȥ֪ʲô
ʱ䣬ѻȸ޽üͷɱⷭڣһӵսڳıϣлһ졣
źХɽȥոͻ˾ʱе˼£ĸ˴ʱѾ˾룬ѾԶԶ˺棬ʧȥ˳߼Ӱ໥һۣͬʱóûǰԼûֱӺͳϣ֪ôģ
˵ʵ߼ûаѳ峤֮Ҳûаѳֻ峤ִܹаˡ
ǵôնɱһ߼
ʲôʵǲ֪֪ǰǾż۷壬ֻвʱ䣬Ǿż۷ͻƵ߼

Ǹӱżˣ
ǣ˳ķٶȣ˵г˾塣Լ˻ŵĴϳ꣬ҪԿ
ٶȡ߼ٶȰ
ѵ˲ʱʹǾż۷ͻƵ߼
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ

˺Хɽģһô֮¿ʼָһСʱ֮󣬻ָĵľϰߵĽͷſ̽һΧûˣ⾫һͷųȥɫ΢䣬ھԼԼ׵λǱţ˵ܹڼԼ
һɨɫٱ䣬˾ȻǼ߲ʵһǼ߲궼Ըˣ˵Ǽ߲㡣
˭
ΪʲôҪң
ʱ˿ʼ̸ظ磬˵ʲôХɽеҲûֵɱİ
ôֻҪżǰնɱˣ
ɱҵģһƾʵΪʲô֣
˼άٵתţֻ˲ˣӦԼնɱ۵鱻֪ˣŲҶ֣ǽ㱨ǵļ壬Ǽɳ˸֡
Ȼɳ˸֣ôҲӦǼ˲ɣ
ϲֳ˿ɬɱԼһǼҪҪôʦڰʱ˵ĶԻ
СҲܵģ峤ӺһŮȻɱˣ
ǰرǳ㣬ǿҵˣ
ң
лȻԭǳҪԼء֪˭Ҫɱ겢ûʲôŭɱ˼ˣҲ쾭塣ҪȽɱڸ˵֮ǰˡ
Ҫ˦ǲˡԼٶȸͲ˦ˣֻ취ɱԷ
ظ磬Сôûй
ֻǼ㣬»Ҫһʱ䡣Ҫģǵֻжλϵͳ߲ܿͻѰҹ
ˣüͷ΢΢Ͻжˣ
ӵվѰһŴִĹȻתһߣ̴˵ĶԻظ磬СܵˣǿˣҪҪλã
ҪǡֻҪ￴žͺãҪɣһӡ
ʱĳѾŷɽڵһǱ˵£ڵ߼ķǱ˹ȥ
ܿ죬˵£ʱſڵϣ͸ݴԵķ϶ԶǸš
ľ͸˰档һȡѷɽžγ룬ȻǼ߲üĴ˽ȥ
ˡ
Ǽֻ߲Դһ
ಡ
ɽӵص׼˳Ǽ߲ſڵϣӾ治ߵľ룬ʱԴͻȻ裬ûиоɽɽʹ̴ʺ
顭
ӵص׳˳ƮڿſڵϵˡɨȥѾɽӿһ壬ֻץʬԶȥһط֮󣬳꽫ϵĶ˳Ȼȡǳ˵Դƻ˷ɽĴڣȻ㵽һϡ
ֻǲһӵʱ䣬㿴˽ŵ˹һλǣһ߿һ
ľɨ˹ȥȷԷֻǼ㣬ŷǳĿˡ
顭
δӴ֮ϸȥŰӿնȥڶʽըգ߻ûзӦͱնɱڵ¡
ѸٵѹϵĶȻ꽫ͷ˳ȥֲûп֮ˣһݱȥ


745
֮
ĸʬԱ߳ˣɢǿϢǴӳҸǼż֣˼ľʬ壬ϵɱȻɢ˳ȥХɽе̰һſڵ
˽ľʬȻαںХɽдպٴλ棬˫жΡеһֻֻ֮ͨɫ˵峤Ƿ⣬һҪɱ
Ǿ߰ɣ
Ӱ˲ʧںХɽ֮⡣
⡣
괦ڽŵ֮Уǳˣͽ뵽ڵĴˣٳ̷ǳҩǳ
ӾһһĹȥ
ͨĴɽϿգ첻֪ƣطţҪȥ򿴿Ǳд½ϵðߴӵץȥˣȻѾȥ꣬ǵǵĹȴһһش
СҪص򿴿һƬضż֪ԼΪ̫ͣһֱȵͻƵǼſʼжŵķȥ
µʱ䡣
ͻƵĿ˵ʮ˸ѨϣﵽǼ۷塣Ϊžľľһ·ͻƵ˼Ʒ۷壬൱߼۷塣
ûںХɽ䣬ѡһڲԶһɽȥȻ󽫾˳ȥһڷȥһ̽Χ״
ɫ΢䣬˾ڴŲԶһɽ֮Ǳˣ˶Ǿżʵȥ³֪ΪԼĳҸ֡
ﶯ֣ΪǲҡϾڵɽ֮ǰɱڵӣǾ
ǡ
λĴǻǳѨϹ֮󣬾д½صȥϾڵ򻹺ܲģ˴Դ͸Ҫͻȥ
ЩԴʵһֱһͨιĸ߼ǼµߵܹС
ŻȥЩͻȥ̰ȫ࣬Żᰲĵط
վд½Ǽߣд½ĳҲἰʱ֪Գԭ׼ȥǰǳõǳ֮뿪ڡ
ǲˣ
Լ뵽ڣҵӲֻ֣ҪԼһ뿪ڣһ׷ԼȻɱԼĿǰʵ޷һǾż˵ǾżͻȻϮɵһôʣµһǾżض߶Ⱦ裬꽫޻ᡣ
Ҫڴһʱˣ
ӿ£ûлصԼıǾֱ洫ĸ˹ȥڸǰǼֻ֮һ˲ʱ㴳˵ڶ㣬̳ٴεǼ֮󣬱ǳȥԼʵԱܹطص
뵽ǳĵһ㹬ŴǸӻʶ꣬굽ҲťŴ򿪣곯ͷٲ˵ڶ㡣
̨ף̤˹㳡ֱ㳡źȥʱڹ㳡Ű˸ˣ꾶ֱźȥϲֳһ˿ȣаѵСѾʮ˸Ѩϣ
꽫Щ˦һ·ߵ˺˺ԼǸڵϲѯ֮һ˿ȵСӲڵֻа˸ӣɣ
뵽㣬˳̨һ·ȥмһƽ̨ڿƽ̨һ޴ʯʯ֮Ͼ͵ǳ°벿㹦
Ŀȥʱʯ֮ǰֻһϥǸ˽Ųͷ˹꣬۾һλʦܣ㿪ʮ˸Ѩˣ
ǣ깰ֵλʦôƺ
Ǻǣҽʦôƺ
꣡
ʦܣŶˣôûм㣿
ˣ
ࣿȵֻڣ
ң
ҡͷ´ųʦܣӦǵõ˲ٵǳ֮Һɣ
ɫƽȴһֻżȻõһЩࡣ
ֵʦܲõģⶼǸ˵ĻԵʦܹʦһЩʦһһļ۸񡣡
΢΢ҡͷ˵ʣࡣ
ˣɫЩʧҪǳ֮ҺʵŪҲ
ʦֲһֱչ𣿡ɫһ㶵ȥŪǳ֮Һ
ЦȻ˰ңôﰲıչأѵû˰㣿
ҡͷûУ
Źֵؿһ۳İ˸˶ڱ֧֣ǸԵļ壬˰ɣһ˵ôǳʦܣҲҪЩ㡣
˵һµǳҵӰɣ
ǣҡͷЦں޲ɱңôǳҵӣ
Һ޲ɱ㣿ʵ
ţ
㽫ԼͳҵĶԹһߣ㲻ЦָųСҲݵģѵ㲻֪һߣܳҲˣҪɱǣ
ĬȻԡѵҪд½ϵ˶ûкӡ˭ɱ˭
Ǹ֯һԵҵԸˣּѪͨ
һ£ĿýаСӺôɱ
ʦ֣˵ǳֻʮ㹬
ǣ
ǲ˵ʮ㹬ǳȫɹˣ
ǣҡͷǳжٲҲ֪֪ȴֹʮ㡣ֻ֮ʮ㣬ΪĿǰΪֹûܹôԶ
Ŷ


746
ϲǲΰ룬ϲǳԶֹʮ㹦ǵǽĹԼǷܹõ
ˣһ䣬һһҵĵӣѾ֪㣬ҪСġ
лʦ֣Ѱ˼һ£ջǴȡһƿǳҩݸʦ֣ƿҩ͸㣡
ҩ͸ң
ɵؽӹƿҩ򿪸һᣬɫһ䣺ǡŨǳ֮
˼һ¶֮ɫǳҩ
ǣ
ллֿ˵ǳҩȻҩȴѾûܹƣ˭Ƶģѵܹǳҩˣ
껹ǲ֪ûܹǳҩˣ֪ǳʮѵãû˲ϣȻҲûȥƣҩƷû˻ˡżȻõһǳ޵ʬ壬˭Щҩʦʵ飿ԣԽԽû˻ǳҩˡ
űӵԼƵģ
㡭㻹һҩʦ𾪵ųꡣ
ͷȴǿϲɶʦܣʦﻹһǳ޵ʬ壬㿴ܲܰʦǳҩģÿƳʮƿ͸ƿΣ
ԥһ£Լźܶǳҩܾöò꣬ǳҩ¶డǣڼֺҩ˷ʱ䣬ԥ˵жǳޣ
¶һ˿εܹƳʮƿˣƳƿҶƿˣ
Цˣֻôǳޣò˶ʱ䣬Ǻʦֵǳ̫࣬ҵʱ䣬ֻЩǳޣҵǿԸơ
̫ˣӵʦһʦͳȥĸҩ
ã
ͷɱȥ˳Žעʯ֮ϡĶHǿ죬ֻǲһСʱʱͷǼȫ֮УҲڳԱȴų
һһʱ䣬۾ϸ˼һ飬ԼʱѾȫ˵ǳĹ۾Ա߿ȥ㿴ԼԱߡ
ʦ֣϶׼ˣ
ţ
ǺãӵվȥҸûסķ䡣
Ҵȥ
·ؽһݸǰȻָŲԶһݵǼ䷿ݾסĵط
ͷƿǰԺ˽ȥԺﳤݣ߹Ժ䣬ƿţһɷùζվһùζһЩ˲˽ȥ
ĿĹˣ˻ҳһߣһߵʦܣһȥöɨһ¡
꽫ƿһͼһͰˮ˽ȻִӴԪռȡϲĨɨ֮Ķ˱㿪ʼɨ
˵Ķ죬СʱͽʰһɶȻͿʼóҩ豸ĵ˳ȥԺΪݡ
Լֻ˰Сʱʱ䣬ƳʮһƿǳҩԼƿȻҩ豸к
ͽԺʰøɸɾ໽˽Ŀϵİƿҩ
ʦ֣ЩҩģҵѾˣ
оһĲԼܹƳʮһƿҩ
ѵ꾹Ȼǰٷְٵĳɹʣ
һ뵽Ͳˡһҩʦζʲôÿһжʮο껹һٷְٳɹʵҩʦҩϵЦݸӵȣʦܣмҪ㡣
ţʲô£
˰ɣ
Ѱ˼һ£˾ͽģͷţ
Ǹİ޽֪ˣ˶סǳ£ֻȥս
ʲôʵ
ոͻƵǾż
һӣǾżԼֳһǾżԼ
ǲ̫ƽ
ллʦ֣
л
ʦ֣Ҫʼˣ
ӦõģӦõģ
뿪ȴʮΪǣǳôףѵܹһ
οﻹһҵӣʼ˶ʮѨϣѾǳǼڣò˶ãǸͻҳ鷳
꽫ԺźͷŹϣϥľ֮ϣȡһƿһǳҩаҪһʱˣ
˱չǳˣֻȥ죬š顱һԺű飬һӰ˽Ҳкֱųķ˹̧һųķ˹ȥ
Ժŵʱ򣬳ľ˲˳ȥһɨ֪ԷһһӦеǸҵӡѵҾûиǳҵ߼Լ
⻹ԩ˳ңһǸˡͨ绰ָʾҪӳ꣬Ҫҳ궯ֻ֣Ҫһ뿪ǳ壬֪ͨǡ
ǣŰ
һڵļһǾ֤ʵҲˣǰŽģ˵ûͻƵǼ㣬ԼһǼʲôµģ
뷨ֱӹȥѳУȻ֧־ͻ
ʱĽѾ˷ţǷȴͻȻˣһֻŴ˳Ľײһ
顭
ŵڵһط˳ȥ˹ͷѵ


747
Ŀڵǳǳϰ벿ڵǳ֪֮ȳ񾫴˶٣ƾ־ǳ֮ҲʵϳԽ˳񣬸οڱŭ֮£ֱǱ
ǳȷֱۣӱ߳ԺӵΧǽԶԶ˵ϡ
ֱӰŹϣֻص˴˫ȴ̣ʳǳҩ뵽֮С
̧ˣҲûųꡣ뵽ɵ֮С

ǡ
Ϫɫصطµ绰ղǱеսʿõһϢһʵʮָǿħķȥϪ̵绰֪ͨɫãбͫϵħ򼯽ᡣ
ħ
δӿл£˫Ŀ𾪵ǰķ֡
Ȼз֣ƺǷǳ߼ķ֣ôܣ
䵽˵ϣŷȥȻطŵ˷֮ϣؼӴӣϵԽԽ
ôܣүүǲ˵ǳ似ǿƼȫܹд½ȣǰһҲд½
ɫͻȻһ䣺ѵѾд½ռˣ
ҡͷᣡû˵飬ֻ˵пֲӣǰ߶ɱˡ
ԣɫúѿѵѾֲӸռˣЩд½ϵĿֲӽģ
һ
Ȼ䣬˫ĿһڷڣٶӰ߷˹
ѵǿֲӣ
ε˼г˽䱸
ಡ
һӰӿн䣬͸˹
ֻһˣҲûзϪȴܹȷԼʶԷתͷһΧߣЩҲ׷ҡͷ֤Էǵˡ
ʱҲ𾪣Ϊʱٶߵп۾ɫҿ϶ǰٶеľǱֻͫӦǸ߳ͫ
Щʲôˣǵˣд½Ŀֲӣ
ʲôˣڿʵ
ڳĬһϪڵǵˣʲôˣ
ûлشϪ⣬ǼʵѾд½Ŀֲӿˣǵū
ǣϪҡͷ˻ǵˣ
Ͼֳ֮ɫ˻ǵˣôζǵԼƳģǿĿƼôǵʵô˵ͣѵǿֻǿƼ
㾿ʲôˣϪٴʵ
ĿЩãȻƬָ֮侲д½
Ϫ˵оһǲûлңѾûмд½ߵĲˡ
ǡֳһ˿ɬҵԵ򣡡
Ϫ˵ɫû˿ı仯ϪɫƽֵʵǲԾ𣿡
Ϫ˵ʲôԾģд½ν岻ԵЩνͨϣĩա
֪д½֪壿𾪵ʵ
ûʲôֵģ㲻ǵһд½壡
Ŀһǡأ
ˣϪ˵仰֮ͻȻˬһװװƵ

ĬƬ̣Ϫִܰ򿪣ҽȥ𣿡
˵أ
ǲǰд½߶ɱѵ°ҷŽȥ
ϪĬһ򲻻ӭǣҲͲؽˡ
ֻҪȥûж⣡
͡ϪЦһͲмڻش

д½һߵĴУڷɿطУǾżһŵķٷУһš
Ÿ磬˵˵ǿֲѾｨص龿ǲģ
ǲģȻ˴˵ǾпֲҲһҡ
ûأ
Ÿֳһ˿ʣôǾｨһأȻټصĿֲＯᡣ
һº
ϥڷֵ棬ŷڵϪĲд½壬Щǵһ磬ҵԵڶӵץȥд½ūλҪ汲ڿഫĵ򣬶ûж⡣
ϪڷڣһҲŵɫֱ£

Ÿ磬ⶼһˣûпֲӰ
ŸڿгĬһһ˿ǵĹâȥ򣡡
ȥ򣿡
ŸͷǸ˵Ӧ˹ҥҥ˾ӦǰЩðŻС壬Ϊʵǰ˵ǵһһԴḻĵطЩСðźС嶼һЩʵµ˾ͿԺɨǡȥѵռΪδֲصĺ󷽴Ӫ
ǰ
ոϣһȰ˵ϪȻףӵɫǾޱ䣬ԶԶطɹϤΪϹ˵ͨ
Сģ
ŷڵϪһαŴɶȥ
ʴһâ
䡭
ֱĵâ֮޴Ĺ׷ױ飬ƺһ֮СŸҪһȴͬŸ磬㿴
Ÿϵļ⽩סˣһ֡
ڡ
ʧȥǳ֮ȻǳҩҲֻǴͨѨϣǾΪĴڣõһͻƣͻƵ˼Ʒ۷壬൱ǰ˼۷塣


748
Щƣܹɵǳ֮ټһǳҩʱ䣬ԼܹͻƵ۷塣
ӷŲߵƽ̨֮ϣɽȥһɽĳ嶯һ뵽Ǿżڵֻô뷨
ͻȻֻȡֻŵ˶ߣֻб㴫κ䱬ֻĴɤţϴǳˣڵһ㣡
귳һɣֳϲǳˣ׼ʼѨˣ
ţǸյϴǾ۾£
ãң
һݣֱӴƽ̨ȥܿ˵һ㣬㿴˽ΡһɨȻѾԪԲĵزӦÿʼѨˡ
ûɣɹĵʵ
û⣡ζ˷ܵػص
ûͺã׼ʲôʱʼѨ׼Ѩ
죬һͷ
Ҳãףһ¡ߣȰҸĵطȻԣ
һԣ۾δյǰѹ˵ϴ˵ʵ㻹жٴ׺۴
ԵľУ
ѡӣȻ˱㿪ʼɨڽķȡһЩ׺ۣҲȡһЩ;ƣ˱߳Ա
ϴ׼ʲôʱ򰡣
һھƵ˵ɣ
аΪԸﰡǾżߣ뿪ˡ
ˣϴ󣡡˵㻹ǲҪ뿪ǳ壬޽һ㣬ǳ㡣͵ս̨
֪ͷˣô
û뵽СӵôãѾ߼ˣδЦ˵ͻȻЦһ٣ص˵ϴҺͽ˭ˣ
˭ôأ
죡
죿һĵʲôصġ
ϴҺ˵ҺͽЩƣҪȥ̫ƽǹ䣬ȴڴſ졣С·ҡҡλεģɫ԰׵ˡ뵽Щ˶һŵģǰôˣû뵽СһӾͻ˹ȥҵı㡣һ£С˷ǳأһˣҲǼǰյˣģһԼˣһ߸ϻţֻûʲôҩƽضˡ
أ
Ȼϴ͸ǵҩҩȥͻָ߰˰ˡֻǡ
ѹԵʱ˵ʲô򣡡
򣿡ɫһȻб˵ʲô
û˵ʲô֮Ҳûʣ͸ƿҩ˻ȥһǵӵץ˵ū
ͷȻָЦݵͲҪ⴫ˡ
֪εͷ
˷ſػһʱ֮κͽκر˴ϣƵ뿪εԺ䣬˹˳Ȼǳȥո߳ǳĴţһкȵꡭ
˲͵ĸǰûеȵǸ߷ӦһȭԴϣ衣֪Ǹһ޽սˣڵװĶǵ飬ʱȥ޽ηݶȥȥ
Ѿıλãٶ죬ֻǲһӵʱı档ְϵ塣
ڴһŲŴ򿪣¶Ρǳ꣬ɫһ㶡
ҽȥ¶һ˿Цݡ
࿪ӵ룡
߽ڣ콫Źϣų߽ڣɳϡΪ굹һˮȻʵʦ֣ǰ£
궢죬Ҳ֪ôڣϾҪ̸Ҳܼɵһʱ֮㶢Ŷ첻
ԭƽɫرֽ֮رýšʱ򣬳¶˾ĵȥ˵򣿡
ô֪ѿڶɫѿ䱸ųҪʲô
ɶŶ˵˵
˵ʲô
ϵ顣
ɫԥҡͷ޻˵
һ˿ǵ˺᣿
΢𣺡ô뷨
ܼ򵥣국˵άд½ϳ˵ᣬ˭ҡҸ˵ǵᣬҲδضŵ򣬻ά򡣡
ûά򡭡
ȥȻȴ˵޻˵Ϊɵӣʱˣκͽȹ֮ǰһغŵӦ֪κͽҵĹϵ
컹˵˵Բ˵ǰҵĺģȥ
һųϳ˵⣺ǵ˺ᣬҲǿūĺҲȥֻûе򣬾˿ֲӣҾǱǴˡ
Ŀ˸ж컰еʵֲӵŪģ֪ǲڹô˵Ǳȵ죬ú˵ʵ
ʵ
ãվһȥһ˵ȥ򿴿ɹҵĺġ
ɫһͣ漴ָƽȥɣϣֲӿɶǾżеһŶʮײУ
Ȼ׵ô֪ǵʵ


749
¶һ˿ͨȻ֪
ȥһ߳⣬üͷšаģЩֲӾԼġԼһֲӵҥԣȻסЩСðţȴû뵽˿ֲӡУҪص򿴿
Ŀ⿴ȥа֪ҵӻû档ڲ棬Լȥһ˵
顭
γȥۿžҪɵſڣȴһȣ꣬վס
ľһɨ㿴һǾżʿаҲ޽ɣ
ʱû죬ಡһ㴩ڵĴţųǵķ򼲷ɶȥ
꣬վס
޽겻ûվסӿٶȣڿб׷꣬С
ಡ
ӰԶɽ֮Ϸųķ׷ȥ
ȻǱ
ľһԼٶ죬۵糸Զȥ޽ڿУ΢΢üͷ˸˳󣬶ٶȱ죬Ǿżʵ
й˼ɣȷ߾ǳѻǵˡǵ˻˵ǾͲˡ
ݺݵС޽շ׷꣬㬵طڡ
һ·ǰţҵӽ׷ᡣԽ׷ȴ𾪣ڳٶȣƾٶȾԵǰ˼ʵֲü߼Ӷᱻɱ
겻˿֪ͣ׷ҵӶǾż۷壬ʵͲǶ֡һ߹ͨ磬ԴԴϵزĵľһ߽طš
ĬĬڸ߿շУҵҲĬĬں׷˫ľڽ
һ׷һһҹ˫ľȻȴû׷ϳꡣΪľԭͿͬߣȻߵʵ꣬ٶȴҲֻǸ߳һ㡣
ʱţбǷֳٶûһ˿ļ˵һһҹʵҲӦĵòˣ֪ʳ˶ƿҩˣѵԪ޾
Ȼ֪þУͬʱһľһڴвžԪĵٶȿʼؽ
˲п࣬ˣϵҩ̷ͣҪóˣȥ֮ǵòıĵҩֻܹԼˣǿǴʯ
Ҳͳˣѳɱ͵òĲһ׷һӾ͹ȥ£˫˶ʮֵƣƣϵģϵġӵʹ࣬׷Ҳʹࡣ
аģֻҪԼõᣬһҴд½ĨȻ䣬˫һֳϲáµķӣϵȻٶͻƵ˼Ʒڣ൱ߵǾż
ǳڷӣΪʵɲԶԿǾżûԼеٶȣɱԭеٶȷУʱѾ˽Ǿżɱ뷨ֻҪľһƷ۷壬൱ǼŲ۷壬ڳ䲻֮£ŽԷɱĿܡ
ȻǼԲ˯ҲҩʳƷʱ䲻˯ԷҲ˫˵־ٱ
ʱѾʵĽ־Ľ˭ȱ˭ͽʧܡԭҵӵѹһ޶ԴľͻƵƷ֮õ˼ͷţ˽Ʒ۷Ŀ֮󣬳ľ㲻ٷꡣ
һ֮󣬳볯ѾԶ볯첻ԶҲ;ֱͨԵǸСҲԶˡЩܹ¶ԼǰĿģɣڵﳯ֮ǰɱֻиı䷽
ˡ
ʶз˲Σоһϲʶһţ˼Ʒ۷壬൱Ǿż۷塣
꿪ʼطٶȣװһʵõģҵ۾һ˵ͷ겻Ϊ˵Ѿʣ¼ƿҩˣȥֻܹؿųߡ
ٶȽ˾˼Ѫһų׷˹ȥ
·һɽȥ˵ĸоѾڿмֲסˣҪɽ̴ߡ
ʹã
߼ˣѹեԼһǱų긩ȥ˫ľѸٵ
һǧף
ף
ף
һף
ҵѾȡ˱ʼתԪ׼ų귢һ
ǡ
ûеȵ׼ãƤӾһǼԭһֱĳͻȻ˹ٶȾԱκʱٶȶ졣
һ׵ľգ۾͵
ˡ
˾ͿһƬܼķɽǷ˹
Ǿߡ
˵иոͷʮɽһ߼˹ȥ

һƬܼĽײͼǸߵ쮳ѪʮɽÿһɽӵǾż۷ܼϵغͺñʮǾż۷ͬʱǸ߷һ㡣
ֻһ˲䣬Ǹֻǵֵιͱķɽɱ


750
һߺԥصͷӣʱкܲףȻʵΪʲôһʼͷһ·֪ǣ֪һߣг׼£ȫû˿⣬˵ܹնɱ
ֻʣһˣ;ԲǳĶֻ֣
Ըܹӵõ
ಡ
ԳٶôߣѸٵ˾룬ҿˡǡ֮
Ǹ߻ͷһð
ֻеʮɽ۳һ󽣣һ㣬ﵽ˺Ǽһ
Ҫ
䡭
ǰѴ󽣺ݺݵȥ

߷ֵȻסһȴܲס͵ͬһһ·׹䡣
ಡ
·һ壬Ǳ󽣸ǳǰǸٴնȥǳֳ֮ɫнֵš
顭
ײ֮󣬡䡱һǸҵӺݺݵˤ˵ϣ嶼ʧȥͷǰѴͬһն£Ǹҵӵֶһ£ȴѾ˼ص˺һµûС
䡭
ǰѴնϣ롣
顭
ɫ԰ףλζһ£һƨ˵ϡȻֻǶݵĽ棬ĵľȴǷǳ޴
˵ϣ깵ͨ翪ʼľСʱ֮󣬳ɫŻָ˺Σȫָ˾ӵϱǽߵĴԪռ˳һһЩʯ֮⣬ʣ¼ƿҩһԪռſзȥ
ʵʱĳѾƣӦϢúõ˯һܣĵ˲ص״
Ȼ˵ǰֻǾżߣ˭֪⼸ûиʵĿֲӵ򣿻߸ߵ
뾡طص򣬹˲еƣ۷壬һ߷ţһڵĴ
һ£ٶȣԼһµʱܹ
ɹ˳ǣɹС򣬷ɽ˴ֵϿա
ʮȥٷеĳȻһ٣ͣ˿Уǰ˰˸סȥ·
꾫һɨоһԷ˸оȻһһǾżĸǰ˼Ѿǳֵܹġ
ѵѾֲӹ
ɢ޾ɱȵʲôˣ
һǰ˼ŰһߴЦһ߶Աߵͬʲôˣ
СӣһǾżصųǾеĿֲӡǵɣ
ಡ
ǸǾż߬һ˳ǹųͳ˹ηɳˣâ˸
ˡ
ʮɽ˳ǸǾżȥ

һӰ˷ɽ֣һս裬еķɽķ˳ȥһǰų˹
ĿһҰǸǾżߴɵһվǸһȴͬɱһس˹
ڳɽͷŵһɲǣǸǼ߾Ͷˣ𾪳ǾߵͬʱҲ֪ǸǾż߲ǳĶ֡
ಡ
ź󷽼ˣеʮɽмۡ
ǡ
һ˲ڿл۶ɣٳĺǼնȥ
顭
ǸǼ߶һϴ򵽵棬ִӵգ䵽˵հơ
ľϾֻǼƷ۷壬ĺǼؿʼ·硣б㿪ʼýǰһ⡣Լڴ˴¾Σա
֮£һӲ˶Էһ֮ź󷽷ˡǸǼߵҲû׷꣬Ҳûаɱꡣ
ಡ
ӿ˵棬Ѱһɽʼָĵľ֮󣬳۾Ŀ¶һ˿ϲȫþԿǿľһ˿ԭʮ첻ͣþУҲ򵥵ѾļƷ߼һ˿϶ʱǷ϶һ˿
ɽ˳Ѱ˼һеĿüᶨȻٴŵķȥ
ಡ
Ӱһǰ껹ûеȵԷ˵ʮɽͷϿգ۳һѴŶмǸǼ߾ն˹ȥ
ǸǼĿһŭһšеĳǹų˹ûͬһΧ֪꣬;߶սԭͳԿʵ൱Ǿż۷壬ЩɽһۣżǺһʵ
ĶǰԼͬΧ꣬һСľĽ߸Ҳ֪֮ʵʵվԶۿſеս
һսǰ죬Գİӽս
γ֪Է׷Լ̬˺ܶࡣڷеͬʱͷ˾˶Է
ɳ˶ԷΧ֮⣬˵棬ǾȴŶԷҪ״Ρ
еİ˸˿ʼŵȥסϢżƶһ£öԷ˾ֵķΧ
п˸䵽˵һ֮ϣ˸ϯضɫǺܺÿû뵽ηɻóƺûʲô취
һڰŪڷ֮ϵȻָǸ壬ˣ


751
ǸǼɫһһߣ
αһſʱҲʮֺ澿ʲô˵һƮһߴĹ֮ϣԼڲïʢҶ֮УȻſȥ
ңԶзˣ˿˶˸˵ʱ򣬻ؽٶȡľ˹ȥԹһ˿Цݡ
˵ʵǲͣһһĸǾżȫѹƶԷǰ˸ˡ˿˶Է˸֮󣬲û¶֮ɫ¶Цݵӥô㣿˵ٵĿֲӲɣ
Ǹͳ꽻ֵĺһѿЦ໢ھͽҿֲӣ㲻ǿֲƵġôаˣ
ĿһаȻǿֲӣ
ޣŸаأ໢´ŷӥӥҿ˵ˣһǿֲӵĻأͶˡңϴ˭ȥݼ
ûлأҲûпֲӵϴӲҪ˵һϴǾң
㣿໢ɫһǴ˵ｨֲӻصϴ󣿡
˵ˣûлأӥɫһ
ˣ໢˰ֵǴȥϳаɣ
ûʲôԣ
ӥ·ɽ۷ȥһǰ˼￴ų໢ɽ֮µһɽ˽ȥľҲ͸˽ȥ
ǵĻأ໢¶Ųм
˵ˣûлأӥ
໢۾תתӥô˵ҲͬɣôҲдһ¡
֪þƣ
ӥЦȡ˾ƣɽڼ𣬰մ޼֮ϣһȺ˱ߺȱ
һ໢ʵӥȥ򣿡
ӥûѰ˼ͻشȥˣ
໢۾һô
ӥҡͷôһ֮أԴٵĿҲǳͣûüֵǾֻ׼һʱ䡣
üͷһ壬ӥûȥ򰡣ͺ͵ȫͬԴǲд½Ҳûеôѷ˵̺ܵ£
õֻϲд½ν壬̿һҲѷڶԷ
ͻȻһѵӥûȥ򣿲ԣûȥΪʲôҪ˵ȥҰѵݳ˲ֻһĿģǾǷӥҪ໢ǰǰ򡣿ǡΪʲô
ʱǸ໢üͷôҰɣ
ôңӥҡͷﻹ٣
໢תתаǷӥѾռˣҪ̵Դűһ׻ԡ
໢Щź˵Ǿȥ򿴿ûԴҲҪȫȥˣ
ǺǡӥЦԸȥȥһʱ뿪
˫һκ໢ʱһЩڵ⣬ӥҲشüΪϸڳǾǺ˵˵
˫ԽԽǢȴüͷӥ٣Լùȥȴѳ໢˷˹ȥ⾿Ϊ໢ӥһĿֲӣΪ໢˵ʵǿڷӥŸ˵ԭ
ǲʲôԭ򣬳໢˵˭֪Щֲûа취򿪷ְ꽹
顭
Ȼ䣬һ𣬾˼һʱ䣬ԭЦеķӥͻȻһȭ˶ĳ໢໢ƺҲһֱŷʱعһȭͷӥȭͷһ𣬶ЩҲ˲໥һ
ڳľУɽˣ
䡭
ʯɣʮӰ˸߿ա
໢ЦӥҾ֪ں˵˵ҪƭҲȥ򣬼ƭҲɣҪɱң㲻֪Ѿ˷
ߣӥɫʮѿ
ӥ໢ɫֻΪʲôҪȥѵҪ̵ϵԴ
ӥһݾų໢˹ȥ໢Ҳһŷӥ˹ȥ˲ɱһšͬʱ˫ǼҲɱһš
ԭܹȥʮֺӥΪʲô˵˵ǰĿֲӣǱڴ֮ϣע˫ս
طӥ˸˿ʼ·磬Щǰ˼߿ʼˣӥͬһų໢ģʵ൱ȻܹΪ΢ռһ˿Ϸ磬Ҫܳ໢ǰΣ˵ǻг໢
䡭
˫һԺ䣬ֿΣ໢ֵ̧ͣ
ӥһͣ˫ǼҲͣ໢ŷӥӥǶǿֲӣұ˴֮ûʲôޣҾ֪ΪʲôһҪңȥ򡣡
ضԣӥ˵
Ǻǡ໢Ц˼ãҳ໢ʲôҲӦ֪ȻңҾƱɱ㡣ֵǣҾסӥȰ¸ɵ
ǣ
䡭
˫һοʼԳ壬һǰչ⾰ӥµһǰ˼Ѿ÷ӥһ˸·硣ӥʹغһߣ
Ӱ·ȥ
׷
໢ں׷ᡣںǳϢظţһֱ˫
໢磬Ѿˣǻ׷ǸʲôϽȥ򿴿
㶮ʲôǵ򾿾ûԴҲ֪֪ӥôãһʮָУɱǾͱˡǺǡ
໢Ӣ䡣
Ӱں治ᡣ
ӥ磬ô죿


752
һסǣߣ
סǣߣ
죬ס໢𣿡ӥȵӳȥ֮ϵᣬһҪסҪڵĵǵһץū
оһ𣬷ӥǵᣡд½߾Ϊ˱
һ£겻ܹһԿˡڴ֮пʼӿ졣
סҵĻߣ
ӥȻסΣתٳĳ໢˹ȥ

໢Цŷӥ˹ĸҪԽӥᡣ
£
ӥһնһƬâͬƥһڿӣبǧףס˳໢ȥ·
顭
໢һƥ飬â˷ӥӥ嵹˳ȥۡһһѪ
ӥ磡
ȻסӰתŷӥ˹
ߣ
ӥһĿѣǳ໢Ѿƽ˹ĸǾżҲԽ˷ӥ˹ȥ
Һƴˣ
ӥǹѪ˳໢ڵĴּƶţʼձڷӥͳ໢·֪˶һд򵽵ʱ̣Ϊͷӥභʱ򣬾Ǵӿд򵽵棬ִӵ򵽿С
ʱܹȥϾôһξ룬ҪͻȻɱ໢ǲܣֻеӥͳ໢ӿд򵽵棬໢ڷӥľ£Ͳע⵽ԼǸʱǳһ֮ʱ
顭
ӥ·磬һŲ໢ݺݵشӿл䡣жŷӥ㣬ڴпƶȻһô֮ϡ
䡭
ӥӿкݺݵˤ˵ϣҳһӣг໢·
顭
ӥӴ˳˿ӱߣеĳ໢Ѿ嵽˷ӥͷһӥ˫սһá

һʧϵĺӥ³ȥûϥǣһѪ໢Ҳ˳ȥ
ಡ
໢ͷӥһһཻľڸ˳ɽ죬һѾͻ۳͵Ĵ󽣣ų໢ĺļȥ
̫ˣ
֮ķɽӵżǼܣֵʮͻȻ໢ûзӦǱ󽣾ʹ̴ࡣ
໢ѵػͷųȥʱѾӴһ
ಡ
󽣷ֽ⣬ʮɽشֻǲһӵʱ䣬໢ͱһá
㡭ӥ䱸ų֪꣬ʵ˵ʵͲǳĶֶ֣Գϵ֡
ܴ𣿡국ʵ
ܣٺһҲû⣡ӥظһͦ˳ꡣ
ûȤ򣬻͸ȥѳ໢¸ɵ
ڵһߣαſеĸеһǾżͳ˹ȥӥȻ֪ΪʲôǴʱҲûʲôѡΨн˳
ˡ
˲ͷɵսŵĸǰʱս˫ԳŽ䱸ǳŲǷ䱸˸ǰȻͷųʮɽ˲͸ɵһǾżͬʱӥҲɵһǾż
ʣµ໢һ֪໢ˣ±Զӣٶôгͷӥ죬ֻǼʱ䣬ͷӥͷֱ򷵻ѾǾżɱ
˸˴ӿ£һƬ֮СӥҲ³ͻȻܳʲôɣȻղŰǣʱͲᶯ֣ܹصųͿʼʳҩ˹Ϣ
ӥ¿ӥˣҲһصϢ˲ݵϣһݵü֮һ˿֪״ôˣʱܹ뿪ӷӥ˽һ£жߴǰ
ԼСʱ򣬷ӥ߸˻ϻָƣӥ۾ųΪʲôҪǣ
˲ݵϣɢȥü֮ǣ˵ҵĿĺͬ
֪ͬʲôˣӥɫһ
ͷһЩֶΣʱ˵Ļˡ
ʲôӥ͸¶Żɣ֪ߺ棬ȴ֪к棬ԶԳĻǻɡ
Ǻǣ֪ǵᣡ
ӥ˽һȻڴųѵҲǵ᣿
̾Ϣһǰɣ
ǰɣʲô˼
˰ֵ㲻ùЩֻҪ֪ѷǵоͿˡ֪Ϊʲô˿ֲӣ
ӥĿþ裺㲻ǵᣡ
üͷɫòͷǲǵᣬҾǣѵⶼܹش𣿡
ӥĿɶһ£аԷѾ֪ԼǵᣬҲûʲôܹˡοԷ˵ģԷԼһѵԼ˻ش𼸸ⶼ˵Ҳʲôܡǣų˵ã˵ʵҲʲôܡֻ⻰˵ɾͳˡ
һƣʾԼ㹻ġӥͷЩȶǱд½˴ӵץūд½塣ЩһһԽԽ࣬ҷֳɲͬˣеĵΪΪ˼˹ͣ㱻ūΪд½ĹеǷ˼ңūֵֻ·һ·Ǳץȥһ·ǳΪд½ĿֲӡǶǿֲӵĺ


753
ͷʾԼˡǷӥʱȴƺղסˣֳмһֵѾϰūݣĸԸūЩ˱Щд½廹ͬǵͬɱ廹ݣ·ǲݾͲܹӮӵһ㡣
ӥضų㾿ʲôˣ㲻ֲֿӣѵѾõݵĵ᣿
Ĭһûлشӥ⣬ʵˣߣж߳ǵǰ򣿡
ûжãȥ򣬼Ȼźܸ߼ķ֡ڵǱŲٵд½ߣһǶߣֻǻûа취Ƶķ֡
˵ӥЦһ޷ֹǣֻ÷أǰߣϣܹٵѹԴ֮˰ˣЩ߶նɱˣûһ߹ȥ
ڵǱܹжߣʵʲôӣ
뿪ʱʮ˸ߣһǶһĶǼ˵һͨͨҪȥĸͨϵЩߣ׼Ƶ֡
оһüֳ֮˽֮ɫĽ֮ɫӥһи϶ǵᡣֻӳϿֲӵʣб϶Ѿõ˹ݵĵᣬ΢
ΪѾõд½ݵĵᣬȻЩԸūĵ׼񣬵ҲǷط֮ˣԸЩֲӵ˿ϵԷӥڳ껹ǼŽ䱸
Ҫȥȥ𣿡궢Ŷķӥ
ȥ򣿡ӥһȥʲô
ȥɱˣЩַд½ȫɱ
ӥ𾪵ų꣬ǿɶ׼ĿֲӣһкǶ㲻Ҫ𣿡
ȫǿֲӣһ
ӥյ˵Ҳ֪ĸҥԣ˵ｨһֲأд½ϺֲܶӶˡ
ɫΣ죬˵ǸҥԾҷųȥġ
㣿ӥ˶𾪵ųꡣ
͵кܶССðǰҰǶɱˣвܹõǡǸҥԣŰЩССðס˭֪Ǳסˣȴ˿ֲӣ
㡭ӥЦõųꡣ
ʱȴӥһȥǱߣΪƾԼһ˸㲻ôֲӣһҲͨʱһ·ӥǣǾס飬֧һأһĻأרŽɱЩǰߡ
ȥȥֱӵʵ
ӥһµȥǿȥǲܹɡ
ǵȻͷǱߣҾ£ҵʵֻǼ㡣
ãӥüëһǾȥˣʲô֣
꣡һ㣬겢û
ꣿӥ΢΢üͷ˼ЩϤ˵
ͻȻĿһǰһ˶˵һǲɣ
ң국ͷ
ӥ´һ³꣬ʵúÿ졣
국һЦ߰ɣ
ã
˸˳ŵȥ

ħ
ϪָӲһǣ̧̫ѨϪԽԽˣǸû뿪뷨Ǵ˷֣Ǹûֵ˵ô壬еһҲܹɨô죿
Ϫüͷܹô죿ֻܹס
ڴ˵ֳô󶯾ӦѾ֪˰ɣ˵߸
˵۾һ漴ЩǡϪ̾һܹоЩǿ󣬾ǳҲδǶ֡ҵϣ񲻻ǵһ˿ϣ
һƬţصڻ
ಡ
ӰϿУסһɫһ㶣̶Цӥ㲻ôֻˣ
ӥЦվŲµıأԻǻˣ
˴Цߣǻ˲ˡȥ˵
ӥȥͼǼ棬ѰҵһطʼһСʱ֮󣬷ӥ˻˽뵽֮ڣӥҪֵڣȴסһ񡣳꽫ͷ˳ȥڣûܹҷ֡
˳һߣӥҲͷ˵ģѹ˵꣬д½͵ܹӴ㣬ܹӴĿֲӶѾڴ˵ؼᣬӴĿֲӹҲĿǰܹ֮ĸǼߣһǶһ⻹ʮ˸ǼһʮŸǼʵǿǸûлᡣ
Ҳüͷ˼Ƭ̵ӥҶڷй˽⣬ĿǰʵҲԴ򿪷֣ѵǻʲôİ취
ӥɫأ׼ȴӴ嵽֮󣬱뵽֮ڣ޳һ޳γɣͣغ֣ڼ̵ķҲбƵһ졣
ɫһ䣬ڳǵ޳ǷֲǱ޳ȻķҪȳǵķֵȼ߳ܶ࣬Ҳȼߵ޳
ðնˣ


754
ӥҲͷҶ˳Ĭðն֣֣ԼЩ˸ͲЩֲӵĶ֡
꣡ӥͻȻ˵콫ɳ˸Сӷֳɰ˸Ŵ̽飬̽ΧޣΪ޳׼
ţһȥ̽˶ʲôʵ
ÿСӶʮˣǼʮ˸Ǽɣ
Ѱ˼һµӥȥȡһ£ǰ˸˵һСǰȥ̽飬˵Щֲӻ᲻Ӧ
ӦûɣӥһµЩֻ߽ǲԸ⶯ǲܾ
ãȥȡһ£뿪ȻΧЩ̽Сȫɱ⡣
ӥ˼һ⵹ûʲôѵģǵʵɱЩСӲ⣬Ҳֹ޳ϾЩ߲ûʲô˺
ȥɱЩСӣЩǼ߽ҡ
㣿ӥǿĸǼһһǶ
֪˵Ҳսõǰɱ
ӥھ߲˽⣬ǶھߵĴ˵һֱأ˼֣ɷǳĵʵаգ
ûգҡͷȫûʲô⣬ɱǣҲӦץסң
ӥԥļҪԥˣôˣȥЩ̸ֲܹ˽⵽Сӵ̽·񷽱һһɱǡ
ãȥ˵
ӥվΣ߳񡣲Сʱʱ䣬ӥͻˣһĻһˣӭȥӥЦŽܵλֵܣλǵһǼʮǼһһСӡ
˷׷ǰʩ񣬷ӥֽһһܣֻʵʱ򣬵㲻ע꣬ͷӥ̸ֽ˼䣬ת뿪
ٴν뵽ڣӥɫ̱óص֪ô¶Ҫȥ֮̽£ͺգǸǶǳˡȡһСӣǴǸСӳȥ̽顣ǵȴͻȻҪһȥҾЩɡ
ӦǰɣͷǲܹȷǵͼֻǼǡ
ǡô죿
£
ڶ졣
ʮ˺ͷӥ˻ϣŶϷȥûзУȻȥ̽޵ʵȻܹڿۻ꽫չ˫΢΢һľпһһǺβš
ЩֲӶԷӥǻɰ
ϸĥһ£нסӥ֮ǰѾ뿪ħȥôܲЩ˻ɣ
ֲԭǶ֮ˣȻǲΣԼߡԼʵʵ̽飬ҲͻʱӮЩֲӵΣɳһһǼͻὫӥһɱ
ϸػһԼħ֮жȷԼһֱԶŵ֣ûиϪ˿ԼĻᣬ˾ԲԼ¶ţǾһԼƲǶԷӥġ
ҲãǼҲһЩ鷳
ǲģԼľչ˼£۲ΧǷ߸Լһһҹӥؼ¼һ·۲쵽壬Ҳûڷи߸ԼͷӥһֱһǸһӥһֱûʲô쳣жֻļ¼ĵȼԳܹо˺ܶࡣ
Ǿһֱǰߣ֮Ѿһ롣һҹһߺžƣһмͿԷˡǷصʱȻŻȥǻɻȥ˼Сʱ
ӥЩʱĿ˳ꡣ΢΢ҡҡͷʾҪżӵվһԵĴȥûȥΪѾмȥʺ򣬶ҳʵҲȷʵ˵ע⡣
˴̶֮㵽һľУʮɽ͸γһͷ״汻꿪ʧڵ֮¡
ľһֱŸǵǸһߣʱǸһ޴ʯĲݵϣ˫Ժڵҹա
ӥǲԶܿ£һɽϷ͸ϸ΢þͬһС档ӵʱ䣬ǱɽǸǼߵĺԲһߣֹͣڵصס
ǸǼҲûϸ΢ϸ΢ΧǣܶС涼ûеһ¡
ֳ֮һľǸǼһߵͷ۳һε룬Ȼ̽ǸߵԺ
ˡ
ǸǼͻȻоԴһûеȵʹһɽʹĺֱ룬ֻǡǺǡ㳹
þȷ֮󣬶ûٻ˷ɽڵصԭ·ءȻӵص׳һ·ϵŷ𴦡
꣬ôôãӥһ˳꣬һʵ
ͷȻȭͷŷӥȥӥ磬ڲݴмһԪռ䣬ʲô
ӥʳ껰ʱ򣬷ӥЩҲ˳꣬һͷ֪ǳҪˡȻ֪Ϊʲôʱž֣һɣȴѾɱ˵׼
Ŷӥװźģʲô
ӥ磬㿴
ʱѾߵ˷ӥĸǰ쿪ƣзһԪռ䡣ֻ֧ǼߣԷӥ͵Ȼǲһ𣬴ʱҲʮֺ棬쳤˲Ӻͷӥһ˳еǸԪռ䡣


755
ʱһɽͻȻһؼ˵ʺǱɽӥ̾Ͷӥ³һɱûȥˣһȭ˵
顭
Դ飬Դ˲䣬ӥµҲšµĲӡ
ಡ
ʮɽȻڼϷӥǼһߣֻǲһӵʱ䣬ͽȫɱ⡣
꣬ղȥˣӥһƨ˵ϣųʵ
ĵӷʯһǼߴ뿪һֱţҸղȴɱˡ
ţ
ӥɫһ㶣һ·𣬲һǸǼߵʬ巵أʬӵ˵ϡ
һǾʬ壬ӥɫͱúѿȻʶǸߣû뵽ԷȻһֱڻԼ
³һĿ˾塣ͬʱھߵҲһݾ塣˸꣬û뵽꾹ȻŪһǼ
꣬ô죿
ԭƻжӥ·Сӵ·Ӧúɣ
ţҲ˼ƻǵ·Ҷ
ãǰȥ߸СȫɱǼӦû⣬ҪǼΪ̽̽һ֮ٴǽЩСɱضҪ죬ܹǱŵĻᡣ
ףҰɣû⡣أһ𣿡
ҡͷҪȥʣµǼɱ
һ˻ȥ
ţ
̫ΣˣһǼ
û£ƶصͷֻҪҲ֣͵Ϯ֮£˵Ƕͺ弶ҲнɱĻᡣ
ӥĬ߶˵һʣе߶֪ĲܹԶ빥ǰɱ
ףɹӥ˴ֺͳһ
Ҳףǳɹ
ʲôʱߣ
ڣ
Ҳ
֮ħ򶫷ʮﴦǸ«ɽȻ棬˭ȵȣ
ã
ҹɫ֮£˸˷ֳ·ӥڴּͿտٷУҲˣֻķħķ

ħָġ
Ϫڵ߶ţͻȻͣ˽Ųǰ⵽Щֳ˰˸СŰ˸ȥǻ𣿡
ûУ˻ش
ҪʲôϪüëšһš
ɳüëͬšһţͻȻĿһֳ˿־ǻ᲻ȥķֲ
ֲʲôϪͻȻס˽Ųֳ˿־壬ӲתŻ͵˵ǡҪ޳
ͽվͷģ޳ϵغ֣ǿķҲܲס
⡭ô죿
һʱ֮䣬еĵ߲㶼˽֮У׷׿Խ˼Ÿְ취
һСʱ
Сʱ

Сʱ֮˶ɥɳϣˮ˺ܶİ취Ƕܹ⡣
⡣
֮ǱţѾɵΧĸڣʱӪء
һֱûжΪڵȣһڵǼ߷ֿǼƺһֱоʲô
ȥСʱ֮Ǹһ߲뿪񣬻صԼ񣬴ʱǸ֮ھֻʣǸǶߡ
ǸǶһȻ˳ȥһڵķȥ

곤һľУǸǶ߲ȥڣѰһС㣬Ȼ˻
Ǳ£Ǹ񼫿ھȥǸǶ֮ǰѾǱ£ɽ˯õ׼
ǸǶƿ˽ֱߵ˯ĸǰû˯˯ϥ˯֮ϣȡһƿҩ£ʼ
ûжصȴšȴ
Сʱ
ľ۵Ժһɽʺ
ۡ
Ѫʺ˳ǰſȥľɨ壬ȷѾ֮ջ˷ɽڵصһǼߵǱ˹ȥ
ʮӺ󣬳꽫һǼɱȻǸǼߵ˳ʱӪھĵģʣµ߶صڣ˯
ԸߣͲڵصǱôСˡƮ𣬾磬һǱȥȻŷɽͻȻ֮ڡ
ЩɽΣͷм⣬Ժ׵ش̴񣬻ûеȵЩ˯߷Ӧ㽫һɱȻûоκ塣
ľٵſΧҲû֮αɵ˷֮ǰڷ֮һֱŵڼţͻȻһӰ˹оһһ̽յ˹վһָڴǰһơ
ǸпϲЩܵѹʮ־޴󣬴ʱ˳޲ÿǼƣǿѹеϲãֿ˴򿪷ŻƣǸָ߱Ӳͨ
ָӲڡ
صգûκÿ߶šüͷ˼ʱһǸһֱغͨԱߵٽһæ˿أһѹȴ˷ܵ洫˳棬ˣˣ
ɼžʱȥ룬Ȼе˶˲Ͷ嵽ӱߣͨ˵ʲô˵һ飡
ˣˣ


756
Ϫһֹ֣סˣ񡭡
ڷ棡
ಡϪѾһٽȵл档
ǸٽָϪûз֮ǰѾڼûϪ䣬ĻϾѾ˳ڷӰ
Ż
ϪϲغΡಡһѾʧ
ಡ
ָӲڵЩ˲䶼ʧ
վڷ֮ɫЩʱڳȥ̽ЩСǺܵģΪڼƻ˽⣬ӥǻûаȫɱҲʱ򷵻أǹƻҪ̽ʱ䡣ĵط
⼸Ѿ˽⵽ħħѩɹȺũ͵Ӵ壬ȪͰĽ廹ûѾȥˣƲжþͻ
ҲڣҲм죬ʱƲ
Ǽ䣬ǰķִŻһ˽ȥķѸٵرպϡ̧ͷȥʮӰڿ˹
񣡡
񣡡
һ˼ųҶ䵽˵֮ϣŹеʵһðɣ
ã
ش𣬳ľʮ˵ɨ¶ϲ֮ɫǰʮ˾ȻѾͻƵǼȻ󲿷ֶһҲ֤ҩ͹˾޴á
ʵǰЩ֮ʵ˿죬嶼̫࣬ΪЩÿ춼ںҩд½ϵЩҲûжܹӵд½ϵܹһܺһƿҩǾѾǰ˴ϵӵܹܲӵеĴǰЩ˲ܹѸٵͻơ
¶͵Ŀ⡣
ЩȻ֪ʲô֪ܹǵΪ˭˼Ҳ߷һأԴǵʵһ쳵֮ǵжڳͻŸжġΪÿж֪ûгǴҩǸͻƣûг깫ǵĹǲܱǿûгķ֣ÿ춼æں޵Уûʱ
һУǳǵģ
л񣡡һʩ
ߣȥָӲ
Ϫ˷׷׸棬ʮʱѾ뵽ָӲʱϪ鶼ʮֳءΪǿ˳ĽȻ¶ƽЦݣǴӳ겻һߵָӲüٶȷ֤ƽЦ֮żꡣ
뵽ָӲ֮󣬳㽫Щƻ˵ϪϪɫأȴû¶֮ɫһǿƲļƻ
ǡϪͷƲЩҪ޳֡
۾һǿƽİ취
ϪɥҡͷûУ˰취
˵ûиõİ취Ψһİ취ǽЩȫɱ
ȫɱһ㶣̶˸ղſŻʱ򣬲ûоڵЩ壬ѵЩѾɱˣ
񡭡Ϫû
ͷûЩѾȫɱɳȥЩ̽СҲҵǰȥɱ
̫ˣ˲ȸԾһֱѹͷɢȥһϲЦտ
˫ѹѹ˰֮󣬳˵ҵЩǵᡭ
꽫ȥ˽֮Ϫֳ˼֮ɫǹ¶սĵڰǡǣһ仰侲
ڲȫǣԭܼ򵥣ǵʵ̫ˡ򿪴Щڶ͵ĵǿ˵ܿռݵ򣬶ǵūԣǲܹǽ򡣡
ǿ֪ݣ
ǲ֪һΪҲд½ϵĵᡣҵ뷨ŽȪͰĽɱ֮ǻЩ뿪Ȼڿд½Ǳ߸ӥṩһЩԴｨһأǸΪУд½ϵĵᣬγһд½֯˱൱ڵǰһϡӵذȫ
ϪѰ˼һµһЩ׳֮󣬻᲻Ҫ򹥴ΪǵĴӪ
ûܣ˵ĻԼҪǿһִҩԴһһЩЩںǼ߶ܹвʮ־޴󣬿ƼҲˣõĿѧоһ£ЩװͬʱҲӴоȣԼ
ǣ
Ϫ˾һֵܹǼķ֣ܹвǼߵĹ򽫻ӵذȫͬʱҲʶԼʵ̫һ¶һҪӵؿ̿
ȡ˴ĴԪռϵдԴֻ츳ߣǾͲҪЩԴҪʵ
ǣ
ʱѾһ飬û֣֮Ҳûн֣֮ӵŹͬĵˣ壡
뿪ˣһԴ뿪ˣ׼ӥǽصԴϪҲʱ֪һΪĻعˡ
ǡ
ⲢζԺûΣաܿԺΣջԽԽҪҪһܶǴôԴٳΪ˳׸ﻹţ
ԣһַ֮С


757
ЩѧҲڼ߲ݵоĿƼʼװ
ص˷֮⣬Լľȫչרһͷž磬ֵķΧѾλˣԹλ
ʱһȥ
ǽӪս磬Ȼְһ·ЩֻʲôͻȻ뿪ܵ˹ЩʬڵĴԪռȻЩʬսһԪռ䣬ɳʮ֮⣬һӽȻ󷵻Ӫأصȴ
ȵ죬ľгһȺ壬ǲǷӥҲǳȥ̽СӣԻȪ塣
ܹʮˣһĶǼǼ̷ɵʮ֮һŴִĹ֮ϣǿŹмѾڿգһֱ쵽صףصһںõͨһֱӪصĵصס
ͨصͨӪص·ȻͷųϿա
Сʱ
дһƿ֮ɫʮӰӿ䵽˵档һŭ𣺡ƭң
ûУ磬ûƭ㣡ǽȥѰǣǼڴ˹Ƶķ֡
ǽأ
ҡҲ֪Ǹί˵
ǸĿɨȥ΢΢üͷפĺۼƺʲôͻȻ뿪ˡѵǷʲô
磬᲻Ѿ˵򣿡һֲͻȻ˵
ɫһҲǳܰವһŷֵķȥ˷ڣȥ
ŷ£ǷϿˡ֪ҲӦöǡ磬֣Ӧǰۻᡣ
û˿ҲûӰֺ֡˼û˿ӦһعͷضǸ
Ҳ֪Ҳֻ֪һߣһһߵѹ£嶼ڷĲ֪
򣡡ֶһ׶Ǿżߺȵ㰲ĸĸȥ̽һ£Ӫȴһʱ䡣
ڿֲӳȥ̽̽飬ֵڵֵڣӪӪЩ˶ǼϵߣӪٶȺܿ죬ֻǲʮӵʱ䣬һѵӪؾγˡһڣһԶ
磬˵ʲô飿
֪Ǻܹ졣ŵ󲻻ѣƽҲӦʵҪǺֻǲ֪ͻȻʲô顣ϵĺۼͻȻ뿪ˣʲôǷ˵ͻȻ뿪
磬ҲܹƽһʲôĿģҪǸɵ
ᣡֵһǶߣҾݵ˵ﻹһߣƽҪɵǣûбҪŪӣֻҪȫԽΧɱ
ǡ
ǻҪСġ˵ǽƽͻȻʲôΣյޣò˵أǽҹҪСġҿҲԼˣһɡ
ã
һӵص׵ĳˣǼ߷ֿܹ֮ǰСһ߾һڣǺã
ɱУΰɱһǼߣҪֱһǼߣȻаղˣȴû˵ԷҪǱԷˣǻڽĿֲӣ
Ǿ͵Ȱɣ
ûа취ֻܹڵµţеһȥʱȸɵһǼ߻ǼͦȻ򶼲ȥһֱĸȥ̽˻㱨֮󣬱ĸ뿪Ȼóһơ
üͷڵص˼ţͻȻһڽ֮ǰɱЩĴԪռõ֮ĶЩֲװܲǸǼʹõĲһƷ
֪óһѼƷǼ߻᲻
ĵشӵص뿪ǿù˳ԶȥܿѰҵһֻǶޣ˫β
۳̽˫βԺȻһץסĲӪطӶȥӽӪصʱ֮䣬Ǹ˫β˵ϡʱǸ˫β˲ӣһ˿ȥʱԺһԺȡһѼƷս׼͸ӥ
ݺݵһ˫βƨɣȻ˫βӵĴַſֻ˫βƨɳʹԺǰûƵĳ˳ȥںõķȴӪصķ
ಡ
Ƕ˫βֻǼ䣬ӪأİǽӪе߶
οٵʧܿصǿù֮ϣӶ˽ȥٵػصӪصĵصס
ʱӪѾӪصĵϣʱǸ˫βѾɱԸվһˣǼߡ
Ǽߵ۾ס˫βƨɹɣǰѼƷкεͷ̰Ŀ⡣
۾û뿪ǰѼƷǿ˵̴Χ˭˫β
ǣ
ż뿪Χȥ־վһǸǼҲһĿⶼû뿪ǰѲ˫βƨļƷ
ԼСʱ˷˻
磬ûзټ˫βӦԶˣȻһ·ӵ
΢΢üͷܹʹƷ˲򵥣ӦǿˣȻ˫βǸӦþ˵زԶֻûҵ


758
˵̧˶ǸǼߵ֣ǿоΧѽɡʲôᣬҾ㡣
ĺǼѰ˼һ£Ȼ󳤳³һðɣѽø㡣ǵǷһ飡
䣬һеĳصͷлһһƷ͸㡣
˵գǰŲ˫βƨϵǰѼƷץ˹ȥ
ಡ
һâҹգǸߵ˲͵ֵĸǰеĳֵĲĨȥ

һѳֵǰԷĳסЦ֪͵Ϯ
ЦУһֻץǰѳ
顭
һֻȭͷĴֱȴȭͷ
顭
˲伤ҵؽֻ˶ûзϿУΧǰѼƷɽ˭û߷ɽ
ǼҲ˲ɱһԶķĸֵڵ߶˻ɱ֮С
ľӵص͸˳ڿ۳һ͸룬صȴţȴǼ໥һʱ
Ȼһ֮Ǽ߶𣬶ʱ˫¶͸Ӽ˵ʽԽԽͣѾԼеǱ׵ͷ˳
ȣ
еͬʱһȣͷԼľУѳѳǿ磬ΧĿը죬ֻ˫βʬ˲䱻˷ĸվʳ˷飬ǰѼƷ˿У˸ԳеĳͬһŶԷȥ
һ̣
Ȼüײ˹ȥ
ǵӾȻһ٣ǵĽʽȻɢ
ۡ
һ̽ʺһĨԴʹӲϹȥ

ֳЦ۶ſеǰѼƷȥһץס˼Ʒڿдһס֣
ϵֵͣ¼ԼĴնɱһҡеıػţһĻֻ֣֪̿ζԴǣҪֲ֪Ӹĺ֮ˣϤնɱҲǼΪ֮¡
Ϊҵ£ָ߾еļƷ
Ͷһ̾˫֡
ֻشӿ䵽˵棬Ȼ˵򣬽齻ˣ
䣬ԼżƷ˷ܵطȥţʱָûš
潥ذʬѾҲصڡرЩ£汻ᡣ
һֱڹע֣ڷ˼Ʒ˯֮ϣֳЦݡ

Ȼʱַ˼Ʒȴ˷ܡѼƷ绢ڿֲӵܹǰһ
Ƿ֮ʱȻͷʹѣûеȵӦΪʲôˣһɽѾʺԴһᣬȥ
˳ŵص뿪ϢؽĸڣȻһһعˣеնɱ֮󣬱㿪ʼɨսЩʬ嶼һԪռ䣬͵ʮ֮صӪأһڿʼ
ֹһ֮󣬷ӥ»ˡһӪأӥ߸˾ɣΪҲ֪ûн˶ɱȴط񲻶ˣԭ񣬶Ҳԡ
ϡ
һȡ˱Դʱ򣬱һһơ˳ϹŵЦݵˣ
ӥ߸˵񾭾һɣȻ֤ѾĿֲӶˡϲ֮࣬Ҳ𺳲ѣھ߸ϵӵء
ţӥͷų˹
ˣ
ˣӥ͸¶ЦݣһǼԳѵ⣿ô¶뿪ʱ̫һ
ҰĿֲӶɱ֮󣬻ȪˣǼߣҰҲɱˡֻʣ°Ľһˡǲ֪ǵʵΣ
ӥҲҡͷҲ֪
һֵǽô죿
Ѱ˼һµȻǻˣϢһ¡ŰĽĿֲ˵
ã
ӥ߸һ·ҲȴǸоˡҲԣ׷һȥϢӪ˼žϢͽ뵽֮Уֹȥ죬ڳľгһˣһֻʮ߸ˣҺǼֻһˣһһ
̽ӥ˴ڻ˳Ȼĵ뿪
꣬ΪʲôҪ뿪һɽغ֮󣬷ӥʵ
ĽĿֲˣ
ӥɫһ㶣̶˳Ǿߣ㲻پ⣬ǿʵǽô죿
ȿ˵赭д˵
￴ӥ㶵ؿų꣬ӪʮѵôԶľ룬һɽУ궼ܹӪص״
Ϊ˽ܹסӥǣҲǶԼеһЩ㵭˵ܹԶۿģ
ӥֳ˲ŵɫȴҲû˵ʲôҪ꾿ڵʲô
ڳľУЩߴӿнûһ˳ӭǣǸǼɫһ뵽ƽʵǺǶǿѹԼŭ磬Сã
Ӫû˿ǸǼ˲;ৡһȡ˱䱸


759
һӹȥǾġ˰֣˿ʼһǱȥȻȻѸٵط£һȥ
ãȻػ磬ûˣ
ûˣ
һɵߵһ߿һۣǸǷƽǰĽѰǵߡ
Ҳ֪Ǹҡͷ

Ǽһ£ʮ߸ѸٵԶ롣ھӪʮﴦһɽӪֹ˰֮ûзκζоãɳ߷Ӫȥ̽һ
̴ŷӥڴּɿķӣκѸٵؽֲӸɵηӥЩųŴԶ۲˵ˣԳɵǰͳƽȵ̬Ҳ͵
֣ǽô죿
ֱɱȥֻʣʮĸˣֻҪסǸһ˾С
û⣡
ӥ̵ͷɱһһѣǲסһǼȫû⡣
ߣ
˸ڴзɿؼţܿǾǸɽȿڣɽȿڣŷӥǺͣس˹ȥûеȵֲӷӦɽѾǵʺ
ಡ
ɽȡ
ˡ
ʮɽȻ˲͸ɵ˾Ÿߡ
˭
ǸһȻȡ˱һĻδ䣬ӥѾ嵽ĸǰһ˳ǹѾ˳ȥ

һһ˳ǹźƮˣɫһ䣺ӥҪʲô
ӥҲ𻰣һӰŶԷ˻˹ȥ
顭
ֻôһ˲иɵ˾ŸߣϾʣʮߡӥ¸Գһֲӣʮɽǹʣµ߸ֲӡ
ߣ
ǸǼһݣתܡѾʵǾż۷ͺǼ֮䣬꽫Щ½֮󣬺ͷӥΧɱĻûл·ӵúܸɴࡣ
ǣӥѾõĶҪɱԷֻҪסԷʱѾ˳뷨꽫Ǽɱ֮󣬾ΧɱǰǼ֮ʱ
Էӥȫƴˣס˶ԷĲҪ϶ãֻǲһӵʱ䣬ͽ߸ǼɱȻʮɽ۳һѴԶԶǸǼֲӹ˹ȥ
һ£ǸֲӿǿˣͷӥһԶһǼΧɱһˣֻǼ˲Сʱͱͷӥ˽ɱ
ʱ·ɽУӥҲնɱɨս֮󣬰˸˾ɽϯضȡһ÷ӥȥտʼӳһ׵ʱ򣬷ӥ߸˻֪װʲôȵǿװǴ֮ʱһ׵˷
ӥȥץһֱ޻һŴ׷һտޡȵ׷ʱû˵ҶĬĬسžΥ׷ζѾζ
һٷԵúܾãӥǴûϸʹЩֲӵӣһ̻ʣȴÿһڷҪζá
극֮󣬷ӥų깰ֵлл
ãνذڰֵӴ׾͸ˣ
ӥ˵۾һԭǾͿǴ۲ֻǳ겻ǿǲóȻڣǿֲӣҲ֪һӴ׵ļֵ
ӥСؽǴȻų꣬Ҫ𣿡
ţͷ
ӥĬĬԣֳźͳһ𣬵ڵӣôܺһֲӣ
иƻ˵
ţӥɫһ㶵ʲôƻ
ҿԸԴڴнһĻأȻȥ־ڱĵᣬγһıϡ
֡ӥһŵų֪֪һҪԴ
㲻ùܣֵֻԸԸܲᡣ
ҵȻԸҲܹᡣд½ĵǲ١
ã
һϾͶ˶ʮԪռ䣬ָЩԪռ㿴ЩԴ
ӥһ۳꣬ȻɵһԪռ䣬Ȼ˳ꡣ
ˣ국˵
ӥ̰룬ڴԪռϵСĻϾͿʼ嵥ӥһпȥԽԽ𾪡Ԫռ俴֮˵ϵĵڶ

ĸ

ڶʮ
ȻӥʹͻȻɵһ㡣ֵŷӥһһԪռ俪ʼ鿴ȻҲĵһ֮ҲɵɵʣµθһԪռ俪ʼ鿴ȻͲͣشӵϼԪռ鿴ȻҲɵ߸˾߸ľͷˡ
ҡҡͷûȥţ侲ʱ䡣˫Ժ˲ݵϣգѰ˼Žļƻ
ʱ£ŷӥЩᣬڽܳһʱڲ¡ǳҲܹԤ⵽ڽ£黹С
ӥｨأһǷӥѻصĶŪ̫ջд½ĸ߲ע⣬ȻǰأȻ˵˳ǰ򿴿ԳĿǰʵ赲
ڶǷӥʵǿܿܽһЩʵǿĵᣬصƿȨͱߡ߲£ֻҪΪϾСЩһͷҪռôԵ˵һֱӵв


760
Ȼеκһ̷Ҫһʱ䡣صĶҪִҪʱ䣬ЩҪռݵ뷨ҲһȵصĹģʵﵽһˮƽҲҪʱ䡣
Ҳ꣬Ҳ꣬Ҳࡣ
ǳƶҲҪʱ䡣͸һ⣬Ҫʵڴﵽһд½ӵлȨʵ
⡭ѣ
ѣҲҪﵽ
ڽʱȥ⽫Լʵ۷壬Ȼþڡηеһ߷УһڵĴڵ֮ʱӦܹƷ߼Ǿ൱ĺһˡ

ʱ򣬳һӲݵЦеŷӥ߸˵ػˣ
ӥһʱûһ˿ΪԼʧ̬˼˳ܡ
֣ЩԴĸң
ǣɫࣺҪ㣬ЩԴǸ㽨γһϣΥԣһɱ㡣㲻Ҫңҵʵúܿ졣
ӥͷаȻʵܿˡҲûΥԣЩź겻ܹս
֣Ĳܹǲս
˵ӥҲһڣǻвսһ졣
ãҵ㣡ӥ֡
Ҳ֣ͷӥֽһ
ҩ㲻Ҫı¶߸˲ҪʡһһƿҩؽʵֻʵˣܹƿأҲؽʡ
ӥĬ֪˵ĲΣҲûҰ֮ˣҲǶű򡣳Ĭһ̧ͷ֣ġƴҲʧһǰĵֻǶң󵱼㡣
Ҫҡͷڻܹ¶ݡ
ףӥͷֻĵᣬһʵǿϴ󣬲ֺϴҪʵˣҪӵʱ򣬻ӵġ
ЦҵѹִˣˣͽˡҪȥˣʱסӡ
ߵĺܸɴ࣬𣬺ܿʧ֮С
磬֡İЩԴˣ
ӥһ۵ҾǣԺ׼ڳƺ֣Ҫƺϴ󡣾Բй¶ϴ֮ϴһжܣҲܹ˵
ǣ˵ϴܹôǣôԴǣ֪ô
ߣӥ緢վȥأȻϤĵᶼ
ǣ磡
Ӱ𣬴ϣ˿С
⣬ʼչءһֱںһǳҩǳ֮󣬳ʹͨ˶ʮ߸ѨϣͻƵ۷塣
һʱ䣬ҲаˡڷȥһþУһڵľȻصڵʱѾͻƵ˼Ʒ߼۷壬൱ߺһ۷塣
뵽ֱ֮ǳȥҪʵŽǳס˵Ĳ֮뿪ȻѰһȫĵطǰ
뵽ǳһ㣬΢˼һ£Žεסȥ˵ס䣬
顭
ˣԺ۶ԶһɤӺˡ
ϴ󣡡
ϴ󣡡
磡
ɫһ㶣û뵽ҲͻƵǼһɨ㷢ֽηֱѨϣѨϡ
ܵԼǰô׷Ͻˣ
ϴֻǿһѨϣҿòãôܹ׷ˣκܲ˵˵
Ц
ϴʲôʵˣ´ųꡣ
λȥĲ㣡
ϴ㡭۷ˣԾųꡣ
ţЦеصͷ
ԭΪľˣû뵽ԽԽԶˣ
ǰҲһµǿһֱ֪ܳȥʲôˣҲܹͻƣ
ˣЦҽǾҪǴһǱԹģ
Ⱦ˭˭
ĸžǼĽԺȥһ죬ڶȥŵĲȥ֪ǳ֮޽յϢһ뵽ϴγ걻Լһ־ܵ飬;Եǳ³ꡣԼµĳܹ˭
ܿǳ£ǳĴſܿڴǾ˵Ӳ棬˸߲㡣
洫ӶκһŶǱԴ洫߲֮ҲܹעǾżֻһͽǼΪʥӵ޽ȥ³꣬ⲻЩ߲ע΢һ֪ԵɣͬʱҲ΢΢Ծ
Сӿǹĺģ˶³ԵĿһǾżܹԷնɱ
Щ߲һע˽˳ѾǳĲ㡣ⲻЩ߲ǳĲܹˣɼǳжżڼ꣬ôʵ˿죿
۲죡һҪúù۲죡
һڶڹעǳ޽


761
ڵĲֻһ죬ס֮ͷ뿪̫Ҫ뿪Ȼȥǳܹ֮ڶʱͻƵļ۷塣
ǳڳһ۾ͿϥھŶʮ޽ʱ޽Ҳ˳꣬ڵһӵվ
꣡
꿴һ޽ϳǰǵ׷ԼǸˣ޽΢΢üͷǲ˷˿ʱ䡣ߵʵҲɱԷ
ԼʵѾһĹƣǳ֮ıܹԽսҲ˵۷ʵԶ弶۷壬ǱԶ۷塣ɽԶ߼ͿԶǰ˼۷塣
ãԼֻǴʽܹȥһܹԽս
ĴȻǴȻлһָоܹռͿӵȼϵĲࡣ
Уǽһ¼ӵһҲ൱ǰ˼۷壬ɲ޽Ķ֡Ȼһ˵似Ǿͨ޽ͨ壬ǾԻ޽Ҳˡ
ھã޽ǳĴſڣȻ֪ѾµĹעҲܹ뵽ضиֹע
ˣһԼʹþ˵ͻᱻЩַʹ룬궼òա
ǣ޽ͶſڣҪԼˣҲûٻˡѧǳ
սɣ
ճ껹εؾӭսһ˼Ǳߵ޽ȴǸӵرӳꡣϴԼһɤӾͰѳŵˣԼƵ˸ǰȴҳ
治ˣ
ɾ͵һʱȴӳĳ֣սɣ
޽ɫһ㶣ǰķҲ̫˰ɣղŻΨΨŵŵһӲ˵ս
޽ı飬һԷԷǳڱ͸˳֮
⵹ǿԺúĥһ£
飡
һ壬Ѿ˿С޽ΪҪܣҪڣȴֳ洫̨ȥⲻһ㶡
껹ӭսˣ
飡
γԽ˳꣬Ȼһߵ̨ϵ㣡
ಡһɵӰ٣
굹ǲطţɿ˼ţ˴Լһӵʱ䣬¶Цݡ
Ȼ󡭡
ಡһӿٶ̨ȥԶԶر㿴޽ͷվ̨֮ϣ˹ɷȵ꣬һΪأ
͡ЦһϴΪм£һ٣û뵽㻹ǲ֪ҡ
ڸ߲ƤӶһ飬а껹ǸҴСܹôǳĲ㣬һҪΣգҪһȡ
ʱ̨ΧҲΧ洫ӣǺܶʥҲ˴˴Щڱչصĵӣе˶Ѿ˴˴
Ͼ޽һǾżĵ̨ܹܶණ
ಡ
̨֮ϣŶ޽׼𣿡
޽ɫһͣôش˵׼ˣ˵û׼
һ˲ɫԸݣûҲûдӴָȡֻǳųҧȵ
Ǿͳһȭ
걩һ̨ʧ
һһʧ
һһ֣
ȭͷѾ˶Էĸǰֱֻ۷ŽĹǱȭͷţŹɰȭͷ̲ء
޽ֳ˲мϵϢ˲֪ԷֻǸ۷塣
һʵһȭ򱬣
ұȻӳųȭͷӭ˹ȥ
顭
޺ͬһڵڶը죬նͬڹӵ˳ȥ֣ǱҲ൱۷壬ǼͨʼҲ൱߼ڣֵܹסһǾż
Ȼ޽ֻһǾżڣһûʹȫҲó岻ܿƵطˣһѪȭͷϵļⶼѪ
޽Ц̫꣬ˣ
飡
̨֮ϣȻŶЦ޽𣿡
һѾȡǳ
飡
̨֮һ壬αŶ޽ײȥڵԪھлֱ죬ͬһӿǳ˲ͷųϢĵ

޽һбȡ˱ǻûеȵսڱ㴫һĺ
顭
һ죡ھɲͨʼѾǼﵽ˺Ǽһڱըֻڵھ˲䣬޽Ѫ
ǡ
ûн谵з·ͻȻǳŻϢѾնѾͨ˵޽ﻹеı
顭
һ޽ͷնȥ޽ըɣ̨Ϸ˲֫⡣

³һǳԼıȥܵҲᣬϾʵ޽޽ײһȭʹֲѪɣָҲѡ
̨ܵǼһ𾪣޽Ǿżӣ洫򣬵ӵǧǾż߾ԲᳬһٸǾһǿߣȴɾһն顣
ЩȻӴ˿̿ʼ洫򽫲κһ˸ǳ꣬Ǿż۷ĵҲȥǳꡣǳ꽫ǱƵ˲ܹӦսĵزǳȥ


762
洫ӵɢȥЩʥҲɢȥЩʥӵľɶǺǼսʮַḻֻ˲Ϳ޽ǳ˰
޽Ӧǲ֪һֿͷŰ似˰֮Ѿɱض֮֡
ǶԳܲ⣬ֻһССˡҶԳĵһֱӣΪ겻ǿɱ޽ֱһʥȥ
еЩ߲Ѿ뿪ˣǲûɢȥ´ڣڴ֮һ϶׵µСôǳĵĲ㣬ǲǽǲʲô
СӿĺÿλصŶҪɱˣǰɱĻŵӣѾʼɱ洫ˣһǾżӡ㿴ǲǰСɳȥһСһֱţɱ洫ӣſĲ𰡣
ǰֺɱĵӻǲҪţ
˵ɴཫɱˣ˽²ţΪŻҡֱҪɱĳϾ޽ʦʱ˫Ŀ
ɱ˳ЩˣСӻһҿ罫úĥĥӣ
³һţ׵ȴһֱû˵˫˸ǵĹâ
ָûӷ֣̰֮˵Ŀⶼۼµϡ
ҲˣǻǸ˵ʱ䣬Ȼһ⡣ôų꣬ɱǿ϶СţҲΪ¹͡˵һ䣬κԳսҶܣ˭ҪǰԳģҲŹ
޽ʦɫһ˫һ˿ɫ˲ֱΣ졣
µ𣺡óȥǰǵҼ֮˵ɡ
ǻȴ֪ʱѾ뿪ڡԭ׼Ž뿪ţǽ뵽֮󣬱ǻҳҲʰǱҩͿҩ֮󣬱뿪š
뿪֮ͷ˾۲ûڸ˸֮̿˾źХɽȥ뵽Хɽþ̽һȻȥ
оʱšÿնһǳҩյеǹʮѸ١ˣ뵽УеĴ
ֻ죬ɾٶȲȻԼһ̿ʼÿҪʳǳҩͲ֮Ȼǳ֮ʼѨϵıϡ
ֻһµʱ䣬ͳ忪˰˸ѨϣѨϿﵽʮһѨȴôҲ岻ڴʱǳ֮嶼ǳ֮͵ʹоԼǳܹ֮õͻƣһᱬ
ô
ʮֲ⣬˼ȷʵ˼⡣ĿΧǳȥͻȻһ
ǳǻģǲͣ˶ġ⿪ѨҲ൱ڼһѨϡ
ԣش棬С档һѨϾ൱һǳһֱѨˡ
뾫۲ڵǳ֮ȻЩǳ֮ʮأһĸо
Ҫǳֻ֮ǳ֮˻ܹѨϡǳ֮أ
ʱĳѾԼһֱǳ֮Щǳ֮Լڣʧȥ˻ǿ忪˰˸Ѩ֮󣬱Ҳѳ忪һѨϡ
˳˼Ϊʲô֮ǰûָо
ս
ͻȻˣ֮ǰһֱûжϹսͳҵսͿֲսЩսڵǳ֮Ծ
Ǿսɣ˭սأҡ
۾һҼȻֶԸҪңȻʱûʵҡʳҡ
ȴӳҵΧʼɣ
֪֮ʵȥսǾ
ȥڰ򣡽Ļػٵ
д½Ѿǳ˽⣬֪ĴźͰ˴ڰ˴һأǸǵһҩȱиĲƷɻɳȡһػȥҪٽһأǲҪʯҪĻʱ䡣
Ҫ½һûʮʱǲܣ⻹ǵóóȫ죬ʱá˾ֳһ⣬ʮʧһۣʮĲƷֵ٣
˵ĽһػٵǾԻ˽ǡ
д½ȥȻ̫ƽǳɻǰڰ

˵ڰҵĻ棬ʱվһɽɽۣɽ֮¾ǳҵĻءһռһǧ๫Ŷʮʮڴһҵĺһ
һҲӣ˭ǳҵĻأﻹߣӵĸ߶ض̵ΧǽΧ棬Χǽ֮ܵ氲һܼҪһ𿪻𣬾һǾżҲᱻ˷ĩ
ҪȽأŴſϸļ飬Ҫȥǲˡ
Ҫˣ
Ҫӵصȥȴҿ̫ڰɽѰһɽ˽ȥȻɽ֮ڿʼʮɽ״ŵص˽ȥ֮ǰѾþ̽˷򣬾ѾǼƷ߼ľҲķ˰յʱ䣬˻ص·


763
Ѱһȫĵطɨأȫĵطˮˮʮָߴ㣬ǳþɨһ֮󣬷ˮҲȫ澹Ȼװͷ
ͱѰһǣһͷղǡһɨһ߼㣬ҵһǣȻ˹ȥڳһ˳Ǹڴһķʯְ֮Ǹʯ˻ȥˮԭͻ谵κκۼ
ڿзţֱ߷УҵطУΪ˶ͷ̽顣һͨľڣһͷֻҪȥͻᱻ֡
꽫͸˳ȥǸͷȻ͸ͷڣײһ

ͷջˣѸٵǸڣѸٵطɳȥȻ󽫾Ǹԭαʧںҹ֮С
˰Ӱ֮УһҪľѰһŵ㣬һ˾޴Ļؿɲһܹɵġ
ȫչرľ棬һֱͨӱų⣬һҲ½ųһˣΨһһһ
ʱǸһһŶһǾżȻ˵ҴӽҪʼչأûش鲻Ҫң
ǣ
ǸǾż˳ȥ꿪ʼϸع۲ǸΧĻһС¥ΧС¥֮һԲĻ԰С¥ڳǸǼ֮⣬ˣǾżͨˡ
ǾżӦǸһ£ͨǸɨԱ
õĶصط
ںڰдţܿǸС¥档ʱǾżһڷڹ۲żһǾżԼķͨ˶Ѿ˯
ǸǼ߻ԼķʳƷҪڱչ֮ǰһٷȥչء
վһùı󣬾ƬҶ
ǲ
ƬҶ֦ϵͬ紵żͷƮ˹ȥһӸͷϣƬҶ˴ţǴƱ紵ƬҶ˽ȥ
ģĴ磡
ǸǾżʱ򣬷ɽŵƬҶֽڵͷˡ
ģ
ǸǾżһ䣬վȥƿţȻоԼԺȻ죬Ȼһɽʺһֻץסƽ˷ţطŵ˵ϣȻ˳ؽŹϡ
һ¥סͨˣþ˨򿪣һӵʱͽͨˣȻ˶¥
þתûзһ˿򿪣ȻþŰ˿ش򿪣Ʈ˷䡣Ʈңľ͸ңȻڿ۳һ룬Ȼ̽ϥڴϵǸǾżüġ
ȻѸٵؽƿֻƿһ죬һɽѾ˽ȥûеȵǸǾżԺеĻѹǱɽѾӹʺ
ಡ
ǱɽȻƮ¥ǸǼ߷ŵĶ档
ںǼ߳ͲôˣľҲ൱ߵĺһԼȥҲܹɱǸҺһȴƱֳ¶Լ
˵棬󱳿ǽôվŵĶ档͸ڣ۲Ǹһ
ԷͻȻϮܹöԷ˿׼ƱֳС¥ΧûˣǼֳĶҲء
ܾģû˸˴ĻصȨġֻҪزܵûǸһߣƽʱĹֻһá
žУǸǼ߳ԷšԼֹȥ˰СʱңǸǼ߳˷վ׼ȥұչءߵǰؽƿ
ˡ
ԺͻȻһƬңһɽӹʺѸٿһץס˶Է죬Է˷䣬Ȼ󽫶Է˷ɽɳ
һ˳ȥҪľλٵأҪٵڵйҪٵء
Ҫҵҩ⣬Ĵɨ裬ܿҵ˵ҩ⡣һ¥һ䣬Ȼʼʹɽŵصȥһ·ɿŵҩǱȥ
Сʱ˵ҩ·͸ⷿڿһˡһӵڳһڣȻֽǸƿ˳ȻڵҩѸٵɨ裬һһŴӵĸǰ
ЩװǿڵֻҪһžͼܹأҶ߼µ߶žԵɱǶǾżҲһЩв
ѸٵؽЩӴ򿪣ڵսڣȻ󽫸¸ϣѹһЩʱըȻص˵ضڣǸ𣬷Żԭأס˶ڡ
ȡһڵڶڴȻȡһʱըʱ䶨մڵ֮ϣȻֿʼһ˹ȥ
æҹʮ涼һմŶʱըڵڻܵǽʮڵڼصǸС¥ϴ裬ԹηûţҲû˷ֳǱ롣


764
ϣͨˮ뿪˻أصɽ֮УȻɽڳصɽ֮ϣŻȥ
˵硣
ĺӻͬĩһ㣬ֻ˲һƬ档
ಡ
ֻмʮǾżǱس˿С
սˣ
Ѿ׼ĳɽ۷𣬻ִһߣþγһǼı㽫Լ棬ǳſǱЩ˳ɱ˹ȥ
䡭
ĺУһ˵Ǿż߱һն˷顣һҲߣ׷׵ų깥˹
ǲûȫ꣬Ϊر٣ǵΪⲻǳһ飬һŴڸǻҪֳһЩ۲ܣ͸˳ᣬĵһʽ͵ڶʽ˲ֽʬ
û˳֣
ЩԻˣѵСһ˽ضˣ
Ųţǰƺˡ
ȰСɱ˵
ʮǾż߿ʼԳ귢һóܵ˾޴ѹǾγɵķ㱣ͱЩ߸ʬˡ
ǣʹľγɵķźһʵЩǾżߵĹ£Ҳó֣ҵһѪ
ڵǳ֮ʱȫԾľлͬһ㼱Уʱľȴȫİ֮С
һʽ͵ڶʽַͣնضİһʽԺг͡
䡭
չ˼սϵıըڼǵҩڵĵҩڲͣرը޴ĺڰ򣬾ϽһЩ߷׷
䡭
еǳͻȻذƣֻһնǾżߣĵʽ
ʽֱóǳ֮ǱֱӽǾż۷塣
ž㣬ȺǼһ൱Ǿż۷塣£ȻԷżʮǾżȴȫѹƲס꣬οЩǾżͻȻıըû˿׼Ҳըˣն
䡭
Щ˿ֻˣǵ˴ʱҲΪֻгһҵĻأһŴĳ͵ţֻǸһĻᡣ
ԭǻ׼׽ΪʣǴʱȴԽսԽ£ǵͬǲϵЩˡ
ٲӣŶԷ֣߳ܲˡ
ԣȻһʣµĳ߷ֳ˼ֻȥһ׷ȥصϿ˲û١
ಡ
ԼСʱһӰϿգűĳһһɫʲôط
ǳҵĻأд½ҵĻأȻôˣ
˭ɵģ
ǰ˴еߴ壬Ĵţ
ѵд½Ҫսˣ
ʱѾ׷ɱǸĳȫɱ˵棬һСͷſȻΡಡһ˳ȥܿһӱߡ
·ѵȥȻ˺ϴһ裬һˬ·ŵڰľڳǷȥɻ뿪ڰ򣬷صһ
뵽ڳ֮󣬳겢ûǰסһҾƵꡣ֮ǰսҲϣҪؽ
֮󣬳ָơӾƵ˳ʱڳڶųһر飬ڳȴֻ֣飬ȴû˿ŵա
ţߴĴŻԱ߿֣ЩѹС͸͵֡
ڳǵڰĳУפߴĴŵǳҲ˵ҲûӴ֤˵һص˶ھڳǡ
״ŵķһɣھڳٴ죬Ҫڳڵ̹һ飬û̲ǳ֮Һʯ
Ųһ̣Ǻã߽һרų̣̲۳ƷߴͬʱҲ۲ϡ
ǳҪģ
߽̣һλСӭľһɨֶԷһϼߣһϼߵԱʵװĿɨȥ㿴ҵı־аԭҵĲҵ
ҪЩʲô
ջĿҪһЩǳ
ǳСһϲǳļ۸ǲˣڼƷϡ

Сųһܵĸǰڻܵڷǳ꽫͸ȥȻֳʧ֮ɫǳڶûǳ֮Һ
С㣬ҪǳҪܸߵƷʣǳҪ󣬹껹ǳܹȥǴǳĿⷿǮ⡣
СȻ֪ǳҲƷģǰѳⷿǿ˵ԵȣȥǾ
ţͷ
ǸС첽뿪Լһ֮һ˸ǸС˳ĸǰ
Ҫȥⷿǳ
ţͷ
ҪʲôƷǳֻҪ˵Ҿ֪ǿⷿûС
ҡҡͷҪǳƷô򵥣㲻ʦ˵ҲֻҪۿǳǮ⡣
̾ϸһ꣬о겻ƭӣҲ֪ʦԼͬĲ󣬳ҪҲ֣ҲĹ˿ͣĹ˿ͳʮִ󷽡ǵͷã


765
ͷŶԷӺ˳ȥȻһԼӣͣһⷿĸǰǸ˿ⷿͿⷿԱ˵˼䣬ǸԱ㽫ⷿĴŴ򿪣ȻǸų߽˿ⷿſⷿȥ
һֱ˿ⷿľͷ㿴һǳǽǣһǧ顣
еǳ㿴
ţ
˵ͷĥԼվþ̽飬öԷԼһɵӣ˼ġɵɵվŵģ
Ǿɣ
ߵǶǳĸǰֽһǳһֻһ߸ţһ͸롣
ûУ
źؽǿǳŵһߣֱһǳһ߸һ߽͸ȥ
ûУ
ֿʼѡ飬Ķܿ죬Ǳһ£Ȼͷŵһߣһλһһ㶵ġ
꣡ǳ
Ϊ
СӲˣ˵İѣ
㽥رǿѾѡٶǳȴûһʱϵɫ͸ӵطŭˡ
ҴСҲһòãҺʱ𣿡
뿪ֹ꣬ȥȴ꽫еһǳŵһߣתͷ˵Ҫˣ
ţɫһ㶣ǳ
ȴûȥʱ¶ЦݣܹѡһǳҲˣΪǳ֮
Ǿˣߵ˳ǿǳǰҪǳʲôͬ
ûʲôͬ
λüͷţֵǳûʮ飬Ҳо飬ڷֱǳ㹻ľ飬ǿǳʲôͬ
ǣҲѧųģһǳȻָţôооԼϡ
ʱ򣬳ѾǳȻǳ̲ǳ֮ҺóŻϵľһֵҪˣ۰ɣ
ǸӷɿתţȻСӴôǳֻ飬һʲôͬǾͿ߼ۡһʮĸ߼ۣû뵽ʹظʯǳ
ų뿪ıӰɵɵվѰ˼ţ˾ǸܼӰǸɵӰ
ȫȻ֪ǸֺۣǺǵ뿪ˣȻڿʼɨɨ죬ܹʮ߿̲ǳ֮ҺǳǴһѡģѾóǳˡ
꿴ʮ߿ǳ̲صǳ֮Ҳһ£ܹƳٶƿǳҩ
ܼ۸ɨĿڴֱˡ˳ŴţѰ˼ǲȥһЩ׺ۣôĴ࣬ϷҲỵ
ĺϣϵ˶ҴҶУֵ߽Ե̳ۿžҪһꡣ
̧ͷ죬ͻȻһ꣬һǳĺûᡣ
īѹѹƸǶǳضڰԭлһ˿˿΢⣬ʱҲסǳȫĺڰֲָ
ǲ
һ˴ֵ֣Ե̳кܶ͸ţϾĩֳ˺ڰĹҲ
ףһŮ罵ٵ˲䣬ĴվһˣиɵվŴ

£ڰ֮ӵĻ硣ʱ׵ѾʧһƬڰѾӰ̳˶˳ǸŮӵĿ濴ţҪǷһɵվŴϡ
ĩյĺڰԭʮֺ䣬ֱע֮µĺ֪˶ǸŮӵĻЩɡ
ꡭ
һڿѶҹգĵ֮УȻһվڴֵ룬ʡʹռһƬ磬ֻܹ壬ȴݡ

һƿţŽֵĳĴ꽫ûһվڴֵ룬ʣҰҫ粻ǺǼʵ˫۱ᱻĹâ˺
ʶڣһһģ磬һ˿
ꡭ
粻ϣβϵسڽֵ̳˵ҰУԽԽ˳ǰһ¥¥ڹۿųꡣ
ÿɵǲǱɵˣһŮĿ˵Աߵһꡰ͡һЦɵӻᱻɵԭɵӺòã
ǺǡΧһƬЦ
ǸŮӳԵһ۵ôһͬĶûУ
ôͬ飿꼥ȥһվţ
԰Ůͬķġ
УΪҲɵӣ겻мһˡ
˸տʼһ߿ųų꺰һɤ֮⣬Ҳûȥֻܳ꣬͸Ȼؿų꣬ĩյĺڰ˵Ҳñ䡣
ꡭ
һִ罫ֶյֵͨϣǽϣӳֹӰӡʶпʼģ
һʽ
ڶʽ
ʽ
ǵʽȴֻʹʮ֮һǵƱ
ꡭ
ꡭ
׵粻ͣѾһӵʱ䡣
Ȼ䣬ֵ̳˽׵Ĺâ˳в֪ʲôʱһսսͨī
Ҫʲô
ÿжֳһɵɵӻдԪռ䣿һս
ɱɣǸͬķĵŮֿ־ɫ԰ס
£ԵǸӽŮ§ڻ˵ҴҾһȭſ¡


766
ꡭһִҹա
䡭
ⲻȴͬһ㣬Ǵ𣬶Ǵӵ𣬴ӴǸӵ
׼ȷ˵ǴӳսƿͬƿգеӦ
⡭
ֵԵ˺ȻĿǸ§ŮӸղźҪѳһȭſµŮӴͣһĴ͡
䡭
ڶʽӵغ걻ͬһ
䡭
ʽеıըѣͬһ쫷ι
սһ𣬳Χı꼱ٵתͬһˮĻγɵ磬ͬˮֵԵ߶۾סˣڴǰ漣
䡭
ˮˣȻֹ

ֵ̳ڵֻ౻ȴŲȥһʱ֮ܲѣĿ˴⡣
ꡭеϡ
¡¡ϳսʱӵһʽʽǵʽĵƽӳһһͣýֵ̳ڵ˶ŵעţڴųĵƴɡ
ھڳڵĴźͰ˴帺˶Ŀضų꣬в²ų꾿ļҵӣĴźͰ˴еĵӣһҪǮʱǺ޲óȥ˱עس嵽ǰúÿ˾˭
ǣǲңų򵶷ͬɱ˸ĸǸʱ򣬱˵꣬»ᱻķ׷ɱ
䡭
սҹգ걻ĴɽڳΧͿһΣͬγһƬա
ꡭ
һ죬һıڿ𣬴ִ׵ѽ١
䡭
һ޺ʽɵ˳еͬһſӵĴɽ

ĳ飬ΪߵĻ̳ڵһſ˵ϣһſΡಡشͷϷɹһƬХ

곤³һֵԵĳһƬǽ壬оһ
顭
ڵһ壬γʧںҹ֮С
ӿû˸Լɵ˾ƵԼĴԣƿ˴˽ȥ
غãȻԡϴһ裬ſ˴ϣĶ
ȻӴоԼľͻˣ֮¸ǿ򣬾ȻͬʱþõͻƣӼƷ߼۷嵽˼Ʒ߼۷壬൱ߵĺǶ۷塣
ڳûڵĴõͻƣóпϲҪ֪ľһһ㣬ܹɾõͻƣʡľܹľƵһµĸ߶ȡ
ϲ֮࣬ĬһµʮѨϣвϲʮѨϾȻѷ죬һ̵ıϡϥڴϣȡһƿǳҩ룬ȻַʳһƬ֮ͿʼǳھĿ£׼ԪŵʮѨϳȥ
ھ£ڵԪû˿ƫһֱȷ·ϣûһ˿ԪĴ߶£ԪøӵӿֱӷһȻڵʮѨϵı֮ϡ
䡭
һһεĳʮŴεʱǵϺȻ飬һʮѨϿˣԪӵ룬ʼѨ֮γԪӣʵͻƵļ۷塣
ͻ֮󣬳ûʹʹ˯һһֱ˯ӾƵһû˹עǻһ·һȻһֺһīžڳȥ
ոһУӶ߹һͷųһ㶡Ϊϴξг۵Ĵ׺ۣҲ·Ǹͷһϳָָǡ
ͷˡ
ǸͷųЦݣһų߹һ֡һ仰ȴЦݽϡ
Ȼϴ˸ңһˣ
˼ʮףҸǸ٣ϴҲˣٸңͱҲ
ʵڳڲһС
˵ͣͷˡ˸٣´γͻһУųĴ׺ۣܿͻᳬһҡ
ղ˸ٳ˼ŰѳֱץﲻϵŪ˶Ĵ׺ۡǴʱ˼ҼȻҴҡڵٴι٣ܾһɣ
һʱ֮Щԥԥн˰칫ңԥչ˳һ׺һֱۣ뿪У߳Ұԥ

ֱʧͷ̾Ϣһ߽УһһߵţϣܹΪһõĿͻ
ͷų磬ھڳתȦûзָٵˣǳɲģһͬѸٵػ·֮һҾ¥ڴһƣغҪûڸԼ
ԼһСʱҲûзָߣŴȥʱ򣬴Ӵ߽ˣĿڳϲһɨ˫Ȼ˶ס˽Ųתȵվס
ͣ˽ŲתŶˣһɨоһ˾ȻǺǼֱǺһǶͺ
תǸϸһ³꣬Ȼʵǳꣿ
̽䱸ȴʮƽ˵


767
Ǽߵ̱ɱվмǸǼЦ꣬ףסڳ˵
䣬ǸǼ߸мȡУֻͽһȭų˹
顭
ڵһ壬ξʹŶѾȡǳӶγһ㣬ӵźǶ۷ķ
䡭
Ű˴ţ֮ӰɣĴҲûüܵˣʵ͵ߵɱмʵϸߵҲˣ⻹ֻܵȭĲɼߵ
Ȼûˣ˲չ֮֮ѾյһߡûӣҲ޴ӡ
ھڳڣгĴڣԼӳڳǣ׷ɱԼľͲǰˣҴ߶뵽׷ɱ֮СֻҪҺǼ߶˺üܹ֪Ϊڵڰرóҷ˶Ļ˵Ǽ߻ǳ˵ʵǿߡ
ԣֻս
սһȴžڳǳľӵҲ֪ھڳҲзֲǲῴųҰڵĵӵնɱڳڵĶ⣬¾άӣҲ
顭
˵ϣڵǳ֮ھлͬһӿǱڻۣһʽ̲ǳС
ǳ֮ԭܹԽսļ۷壬ֻǳ֮һʵս۷壬ǱսѾ൱߼۷塣
ÿһһС׵Ҳ˵ʮһ൱ǰ˼۷壬ڶʽ൱Ǿż۷壬ʽ൱ںһ۷壬ڶʽ൱ںǶ۷壬ʽ൱ں۷壬ʽѾ൱ںļ۷塣
̫Եһʽʽãǵʽȴ˲佫ǳ֮ȡʮ֮ţֻʮ֮һԪ֮ҹУо򵽵ʽûнں滹ǿʽȴΪʧȥʮ֮ŵԪ޷
ԣ򲻵ѵʱ򣬳Ҳʹһ
ʱǸҺѾڳĶ棬ʮҡȻųСӣ
䡭
һȭų˹ͬӱϢóһ޷ܣֻܹӲϵĸо±ҲٶܣǳŶĳ˹ȥ
ڳ߸ոմӴڳʱǼ˵߻ȻŭǵǺߵϢɢʱһԶԶض㿪Ŀ
䡭
һնбҲڵһո͡顱һ̤ǰһڵǳ֮¡¡֮ĵڶʽ漴˳ȥʱǵһʽոպͶԷȭ
顭
̤ǰһʽնռ䶼һ֮
䡭
ĵһͶԷȭ纷ȻײһʧϵĺֵԵĲڲǵȭȴ˳ĵһâȻؼų˹
ߵֳ˲мЦݣȻӲܿͻȭ֮±塣
䡭
ڶʽȭײڶʽѾﵽ˺Ƕ۷壬Ǹȴûʹȫɱһ껹ҪԼʹȫ
ǡ
ȴ˲ŵ۾һ˿мЦҲӲϡ
ڶʽȭײĺֱֵԵĲȻ飬ڿײȭ͵âȻɢȻƽ֡
ǡ
ĵȴѾų߾ֱնȥ˲ѾĸǰѸٵغһȭ׼ʵǲ㣬Ȼһ죬徹Ȼһ˳ȥ
ಡ
зǿߣڳǵǿ߶ۼ˴˴ǲǱ֮ĴģǱҲĵġ
ֻ˵һЩǿʶ˾ҹ֮ƵǸ꣬ǻôܹס
һҪں˭ս˭һҪ衣
顭
ߵ˵ϣڵͣ˽ŲĿһֳ֮ɫû뵽ôǿ
ֲüǾż߶
ߵɢɱ⣬һоȡһ󽣡
ס֣
ɫһ̧ͣͷſеǿߣǿغȵǳҵ飬ϣλܹҪ£
еһӼžǿЩǿж຦³ңϾʱڿлĴźߴǿߣȻڵڰǿҲǺһǱվŸԵźͼ塣
ֻǴʱҲŹǣϾҸովһξ޴ĴڵڰضˣʱҾһӡ
еǿ߶ʧߵٴֳЦ꣬
̾һʹĵʽΪһʹʽڵԪͻֻʣʮ֮һڶ滹һһͺǶʹһ֮󣬾Ǳ֮֡

һҪĳߺֹһӰ˳ԡ
ǳꣿ
ǣһϲǰһ߾Ӧھڳǿߡ
ڵĳꣿٴʵ
ǣʦǣ
ǸͻȻЦʵ̫ˣû뵽֮˾ȻڵĵӡЦ֮ɫأת˳ߣȻȵҺôĵӣȻϮɱڵĵӣǳҪڿս𣿡


768
ĳɫһͣٸһӣҲ˵ҪڿսôڵĶ֡ڶڳ˵ǾȻԣæֱѣɲܹѪˣǳʲôʱҪڿսˣ
ǿսΪʲôҪϮɱڵӣ
һѹеķŭʱ֪ܹɱˣｫǰںһȫɱȴǻڵŭ
ڶԷѾ̬ڿսĸ߶ϣأΪҲ꿪սǸʱ򲻹ܳˡǣ˵ѣںͳ޹أֻǸ˶Թ
˶Թ
˵ɱǳӣͳ㣬ֻ뱨𡣡
𣿡ǸǼԭ򣬳ӵȻǳ̨֮ɱġ
ðɣ
ӵЩ⣬ǳ峤ŮҲܹΪɱɰ
͵͵ɱˣڲ֪ҲˣȴɱôɱˣԺڵ˭̨ΪЧ
ŭһ̨֮ɱǳҵӣ̨֮Ըսڵĵߡ
ĬȻ̾Ϣһ֪ɱ˳ˣ׷黹鷳ˡ
ԹԼΪʲôͲܹһ̣ٳ꣬뿪˾ڳǣ͵͵նɱ
һ߱ȭȷʵļˣһ˺ͳ̨֮Ϲƽ
ߣһûô׽һὫʱ˼һ峤ú̸̸
߻ˣתһЦʦܣҽзңھڳߣȥʦ
лʦ֣
һŷȥڷһ죬ͳɻ뿪ˡγûԳжһʱǵľ˻رϣһ棬ô̵ʱٴνɱ꣬ɱ˳꣬ҲӭڵŭǸʱڿɲʲô֤ݣֱӾͻ϶ǳΪ
ԣҪɱ꣬Ҳڴ¹ȥһʱ䡣
ܿͻصڣһصڣֱǰǳ塣ҪһΪγҵϮɱ˽ȸС
ǲôȥǳĵһ㿴˽䣬κˡɲ˰˸Ѩϣٹ˶ãܹ뵽ǳĵڶ㣬ǿĸѨϡ
壬κ˵ѾʮѨ֮һͣ˰֮󣬱һƬ
ϴ㻹ò˻ˣ
ϴٶȣò˶þͳΪʥˣ
磬ҺĲԽԽˣ
Ȼƽȴ̾Ϣһ֪Լ״ʲûǰ˺ãӦ˵ǰԶ
ӵ˲֮׸ıʣôٶȣʹӵһǳҩ
ӵõʣһÿһǳҩʳŲ֮ǳܹ֮ʵͻͽ
ĸ˴һ֮󣬳뿪˵һ㣬ֱ˵㡣һֻĸˣϳˡĸ˿ĳ꾹Ȼ뵽֮һβסϵ𾪡
֮оֳ̰
Ѿ㣬Ȼֻ֪зǳ֮ҹǳ޵ܹ֫ϵͻơܹôͻƵ㣬ֻһͣӵźܶǳ֮Һӵеǳ֮ҺĴȻܸߡ
ĸֻǽһ̾ʹĬ򵹣ǳ֮ҺȻĸƽ֡
䣬ͰѳΧм䡣˲Ҳĸߵ˼ĸ߲ûȡ֪ﲻ̨ܹԷɱҲûȡ
£ĸֻǲһСȼҲͬǳ֮ǳȷǳ֮ûԼĴҲ˵ܹԽһȴܹԽֻƾһ㣬ͺվͬһϡ
ĸˣʹͨĸȫĶ֡
Сӣϵǳ֮Һǳ޵֫嶼
úǷϻαͻȻмʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
顭
Ǹ߸û뵽ȳ֣Գһȭʵʵغϣһȭ㽫˳ȥ
һһʧ
һһ֣
˵ڶߵǰʱǸѾ׼̧ȭͷӭųȭͷ˹ȥһ߶һȭǸЩִ٣źĵص
һһʧ
һһ֣
γڵߵĸǰһֻȭͷڶԷмٵķŴ߿˳ֵ׼ųȫһ
顭
˫ȭͷݺݵײһεûкˣǳʧˡĸ׼֪һ̾ͻǰ
Ȼγǰ
ȣ
ĸһȭͷ˿
顭
ȭͷײһȭͷײһȦ͵ľˣӡ
γûʧһǸߵȥ
㡭
Ǹ߸Ҫٴγֽѵ꣬ȴȻһߵﴫ˺֮
顭
ĸ߻Ȼתף㿴˵һߵĿڱѪ


769
顭ڶߵҲ˺
顭ߵҲ˺
ĸ߼æԪҪ̽ԼǷҲ⡣
ǡ
顭
Ҳһڱ֮Ѫ
ʱĳѾ߹ϥʯǰʼסʯϵǳ㹦
ʱڸ߸ߵĿаƼһˣ£ڳǳ֮͵õϢֻͽ伸ԴȣҲûг֣ǳҲûͷž磬Ҳûз¡
꾹Ȼô̵ʱﵽļһʱ֮Ҫһֱ˳
˵㡣һϵ㣬ͱĸΧҲڰƼҪʵȴû뵽ɾػĸߵ֣𶯡
ĸųıӰ˸ž壬һ뿪ƽ̨صԼסˣϢ˳ıϥĺ档
֮󣬳סǳĵ㣬˻򡣱׼뿪ǰ
꣡
ȻһϥƲαת˹¡Ȼʶ£ںܿ²ʶ㣬ȴû˲ʶ¡µƬôܲʶ
ݼ깰ʩ񣬵ȴŲѡ֪ΪʲôͻȻеġ
°˰ֵ꣬㲻ýţҪ֪ʵô˿죿ǲǳʲô򣿡
оһаԼ׼鷳ˡȡһƿҩݸµ֪ˣ
ºɵؽӹǸƿӣ˸һᣬɫһ䡣˵ʵѾɫˡƿҩȴɫ
һƿƷҩڶǳҩǳҩĴȷǳߣ˵ҩǳ֮Һĵȼǳߡ
Ūҩ
һƷҩʦܹƳǳҩһһƷ۷ҩʦ޷ƳǳҩûܹƳǳҩ
ӽƷҩʦ׳ֵ
˵ˣǳ֮Һȼǳߣ֤Ǹǳ޵ĽλҲǳߣԳʵܹɱǳ
˵ıҲ򵥰󲻽ʵǿߣнӽƷҩʦ
¸ƿӣĬһջǾ֪˵ǻǸرǶڳʾѵĵӡ
꣬ƿҩôõģ
Ƶģƽ˵
ʲô
һȵ¶𾪵òѿڶôḻҲû뵽һҩʦһһʮֽӽƷҩʦ
ǡ
ˣ
ǳôõģ
ǳޣ
ûԼǾߵԶȥǲܵ顣ᱩ¶ǻ£˵ܹõŵԴб
ңһɱġ
Ȼ֪˭ⲻܹȥĻɣƾ
ɱģ
ǣ
㿪ʼʲôʱʲôص㣬ôɱǳ˵һ飬ûʲôġ꣬˰졣
Ҫ֪Ǹʱĳ꣬βǼߣһǵͽ׵Ǽߣ߾Ȼɱǳޡ
ðɣ
껹һߣҲԶԿǼǳޡ
ò˵ĵʵ̫ˣ
û˿ɳĻΪֻҪȥʽξˡ񽪷Ҳһ˵Ҳǳҩ
ǵĵӣҲĽǵĻԵ
˵ˣǻ˴ǳޡȴֻиˣûаҪ˼
ǿˣǾǿˣ
ºͳ˼䣬Ȼ˳һ
һҲżʥͼڣųΪʥӣȥȻԸ¶ǾߵݣҲȥ
Ѱ˼һ£Ȳ¶ԼܣҲһơϾѾ¶ҪɱľģһݵƾͶһĻᡣ
ڶ¸߳ȲҪˣոͻҪһ£ұ̫½Ϣһ¡
ͷͬ⣬ʵҲָоֻǽִֿ˵Ӽᶨ˳Ϣһʱ˼
ҪԺҪһ־Ҫر֮ڣϾͬš
굱µܾˣԵԼԸ˭Ҫ׼
ºΣ궼˵ˣԸӲҪԸ񣬷ԳûкôⲻҪĽ
ģ±ʾѾ֪˳Գ飬Ҫ˽ұ
Ȼͷȴôġ
뿪ˣҲ뿪ˡѾǳסˣҲáͨ翪ʼֻǲͣⲻҪϢԳֳһ뾫Զһ뾫顣
ص洫򣬿ʼɨԼıȻڱͻȻû룬չǳ磬ʼȡǳڵǳ֮ҺȻֿʼǳҩ
ܹæʱ䣬֮ûŲ߳⣬ŰٲݷȥȻܹȥѣٲݷĺηҲд½Ϊ֮һ
˰ٲݷϣչ¾һľһٲݷҲû⡣


770
ܿ죬ҵ˺ηʱĺη˽ǰٲݷרŽһһ沼һģҿ߳Ա߽
Ȼǵȼ͵ҩʦȼߵҩʦ̣һҪͣһҪһʯ
Žȥ˽ȥźηȥʱںηΧŰ˸ˣкη˳ʶǵͳҩʦ
ʦ֣ߵ˺ηǰЦ
ʦܣηֳϲ֮ɫںηԵǸҲʶҩʦҲ˵غͳкƳһλó¡
ȥˣȥҹöΣûм㡣η˵
ȥˣⲻջ͹ˣҲЦе˵
ȱ˵ģη˷ָܵϵһƿҩƵҩ
ΧʣµҩʦһȵźηηѾƷ۷ҩʦڰٲݷ岻һٮٮߣǻ쵽һȺϼһҲһλáҪ֪ڰٲݷкܶϼһﵽƷҩʦηҩʦţȴóƷƳĵҩ
Ǻηͣ͵ĿȻҪǰ⼸λʲô⣬˸֮Уûб˵ҩʦˮƽñࡣ
;԰ڵģ

԰ڣ
ڽµԪҩɹƳԪҩרǼϵߡ
ס
ǼϵߣǽǼ
ԪҩҪڿѨ֮Ѩ֮Ԫӵĳɹʡ
һ߲ǳɹسѨϾܹʵģ忪ѨֻǵһڶѨ֮Ԫӣ˲ܹѨϳΪһС
кܶǳ忪Ѩ֮ȴԪʧܣòһδԪҩܹԪɹʡ
ҩǳܻӭڣϼѵ߲ҪԪҩɵԪ֮⣬߻ٶҪҩԽ͵ҪԽࡣ
ηܹɹƳҩ˵ѾشﵽƷ۷ҩʦ磬һͿԳԳƷҩʦ硣
ˣôܲ⣿
ôܲ԰ڣ
ϾηҲ˲ǣ
ԣͽһЩ˹԰ԼƵԪҩ
ȻЩ֪˺ηȻƳԪҩ֮һж¶֮ɫԪҩɲǺƵģηһţܹƳԪҩ
ǣһƿҩ֮һɵˡ
Ԫҩ
ˣһηĿͲͬˣԭúηֻǱԼǿôһ㣬ɾԶԶذ˦ˡ
һ̣ηǵλѾòͬηĿѾ𾴡һЩʦζ档
ǡ
һǲ𾴵ҩʦһǰ;ҩʦȻһǰٲݷҩʦƷҩ
⡭ڿЦ
Ǹʲô꣬ʱȻһ̹Ȼƿҩ˸ӡ
ţһǺηɹƳԪҩе⣬Ҫ̬ģһ
ҩʦоԼͨ˹ϣϱ¶Ϸģų𾪵ó
ƿһ£Ȼ΢΢üͷȲһ
İ˸ɫһ䣬ηɫЩ죬Ȼ֪ԼƵԪҩڴϲһЩ֮ǰûа鵱һ¶
ƿԪҩĴֻﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮҩĴȿɲžƾȥˮǾҩʱȻγɵ״̬ҪһᣬҩȣǾͻƻҩƽ⣬ΪһʧƷ
ҪıҩĴȣֻиıҩȣ¶ȵľȷգҩʦѵĵط
ǣٷ֮ʮĴѾ˲ˣ
ԪҩֻҪǴȳ˰ٷ֮ʮһƿɹԪҩηƵԪҩѾﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮڰٲݷЩϼһҲŽǰ
ǣôɲô
Ϊű˲߱ƣǾǾһǼƷҩʱűȱ˸ߵ̫ƿͶҩķ
һ£ҩʱֻҪ͸ҩҺ֮Уǿɲƾ۲ҩķӦȫ˸ֲҩƹһ΢ı仯ԣƵҩ㲻ܹΪٷ֮ٵҩҲܹﵽȰٷ֮ʮš
ˣƿֻаٷ֮ʮȵҩڳ꿴ͺࡣֻΪչ˺ηӣ˵һ
η֪ҩˮƽԵ˵Ǿ仰һûˣʣµֻ졣
֪ҩʦҲһƽ·˵Ŷԣ˳Ծ
ⲻǷϻ
ƷҩʦѵҪóݺηƷҩʦƷ۷ҩʦ
ǣҩʦͲˣ
Ǹоηܵ裬ηܵ裬ܵ裬ǴʱѾѺηżλãôܹ裿
һҩʦ̷һЦܹͣⴿǶ𣿡
⻰˵õʮ㣡
ûܹһƿҩĴȣƷҩʦСҪȥġڼҳ꣬㲻˵Ȳ˵ƿҩĴǶ٣
죡ηŭˣܹⲻǼ𣿳ܹҵ
Ǹҩʦͣϵɫȴһ֮ɫΪηڱϺǳһڸмԼԣȻͣȴƵؿųꡣ
ǣǸȴǰ׷ˣΪûпźη΢Цʦ֣ƿԪҩӦǰٷ֮ʮĴȰɣ


771
ŶǸһƵҩʦ˵ˣǺηһ𾪵ųꡣ죬̽ʵʦܣҸˣ
ûУЦ
ηûܹԾܹжϳҩĴȣǶǼƷҩʦòã
ͺñЩƷƴʦֻǺһھܹƷƶٶȣһЩƷʦֻһ¾ܹ˵Ƕٶȡ
ҩʦҲĴʦʦǳôܴﵽ˸߶ȣ
Ծʱȴþƿҩ֮ǰҩҲйεʧܣÿʧ֮ͷβػҩḶ́ȻִβͷطҩƵḶ́ӦѰҴ֮ͨƿҩоܹó׵ҳƿԪҩ΢Сʧ֮
ʶҩʦҲһĲţ֪ҩʦǿŵس͡ʱĸҪȤسųȥ
꣡ηڴ˹㡭ܹһ¾ͷֱҩĴȣ
ûʲôѵİɣ
һ߷еҩһĵػشη˵ɳ鴤˼£ĸҲɾȵؽһȻĸվų˹һȡһƿҩ˳ǰ㿴ƿҩĴǶ٣
ͷû̧ڷƿԪҩԴܹ֪ǰԼղǾ仰󣬲ԼҪһƿҩ˳ꡣ
ǡ
ΪʲôҪǰ֤Լ
˵߸ϣ͸Ըǳ겻ѶԷ£ζű˲˵һ¶ǸߵĻ䣬η˸ڵһվ˵
ɫ΢һ£û뵽ǰ˾ȻǰٲݷķȻ겻ҪͰٲݷʲôϵǻòҪСҲվŶԷʩ
˰֣һϵص㿴ƿҩĴȡ
üͷ΢΢ǰٲݷҩʦҲΪٲݷҩʦҩֻһָϲĻûбҪڰٲݷ֤ԼҲʮֲϲԷ¶ԷǷ
ָ߸ϣƺ˵ʲô̾ҪʲôзǳˬˣҲûжԣҡҡͷԲҪȣٲݷ岻𣿡
ţ
ٲݷɫһ㶣û뵽ڰٲݷ˾ܾԼĿˣԼ̬ȡ˵ǰٲݷ壬Ҳû˸Ҷ̬ȣ㲻ҩʦҪҩɣ
Լ˭ǰٲݷķǸ߼ԼǿͿģ¼ԼҲҪԼһӣǰСȴھܾԼĿˡ
ʱѾȥٲݷתźηƿҩƵʱ˼󣬵һԪݵķٶһˣ¶ȴﵽʮŶȵʱٷòݣķҪһˡȻ¶ȿھʮһȣ¶ҪһְֱСʱȻټҩٽ¶ʮŶȣȻһֱ¶ȣһֱҩɡĻԪҩĴӦܹﵽٷ֮ʮ
Χ˴ʱ͵ų꣬ԪҩܹóߴҲǰٷ֮ʮˣǷԳҲûƳٷ֮ʮԪҩ꾹Ȼһºηҩ͸һٷ֮ʮҩӣ
̫˰ɣ
ȴ΢΢üͷ˼ĸߺͺη
ƿҩǺηƵģڹеϸʮܹԼϸڶӦķ۾мطûнŵƿҩĴֻ˰ٷ֮ʮϸķӣоǽԼһֱûҵ취ķ
뵽ǰٲݷķȻҲܹ뵽һ˫۾ųʵ˭ĵӣ
΢΢üͷȻչûʦ
ûʦüëһͻȻֳϲɫһƿҩĴȣֻҪܹ˵ԣԺҵĵӡ
ٲݷ仰һڣΧĿⶼĽǺηҲ⡣
ǰٲݷķǰٲݷΨһһƷҩʦȻֻǼƷڵľ磬ҲǼƷҩʦ
ΨһһƷҩʦҪճΪӣʱ䣬ηжЩʡ
ǣһ仰ȴе˶ɵ
ԲҲǰٲݷĵӣҲΪٲݷĵӡ
žٲݷŭˣһϵٲݷʲôã
ûʲôã국˵ҲܾҩʦֻǲҪߵ·
Ҫߵ·ʲôٲݷӹһ˿

䣬Ѿ֪Լˡܾ˰ٲݷҪǲǴ˼ҵ
ĺηļȻŰٲݷʩһתŴȥ
ٲݷųıӰҪ˵ʲôηϽڵ겻ǰٲݷӡ
ǡٲݷӣŵźηһҩʦ˾Ȼ˾ҩʦۣ
η̾Ͷ˷ЩεزȻǰٲݷӣȴһƷҩʦ
ʲôٲݷɫһ㶣ģ
ģηͷϴǰھڿ˴
ٲݷƬ̣Ȼ˵Уһţǰٲݷ塣ʲôס
г꣡


772
ȵȣꣿôôϤ
ͻȻɫһ䣬˭ˣͬʱҲɥ̨֮ɱ޽ʱҲڳҲһμδĻ顣Ȼ֪ǱҳҲ
޾ɵذ˰֣Ŵȥ
ʱڵĿзУһ߷һ˼ԼȥͻȻһ洫ӵͼݷȥ
Դӽ뵽洫򣬳껹ûȥͼݡ뵽ͼ֮󣬳겢ûȥЩ˰ڷŻ۵鼮
֪Ѿ˴Уд½ȴӵĴУŵ޷ĻۣһҪߵøԶʮҪ
ȱһΪԵԭͶ˴Сһǳʵ̫죬ȷʵҪһĥǳȴ֪δĥǶ˻ı
һ̱ͼסڵͼǶʮСʱӪҵľʵѾҪ˯ˣͼݵһһֱһӰ顣
ȥһ飬Ȼصλãض顣
ͼʵ̫ˣÿʱζ顣ʱ䲻ͬȻǰʱҲͬҲûע⵽һ棬һ˲߲ݵһֱڶ顣
ľһֱһΪһͣľһֱǳ֣û˿ƣ֮УҾڲϵһڲϵЩۡ
һξǰµʱȥУų⣬ڵԪʼһߵԶתһ߾ԭϸ΢Ļرûڵǳ֮תҲӵ˳
ЩóǰĶȻʣԽ࣬ڵǳ֮תԽͬһ㣬Ȼûвӿȴ̲ž޴
䡭
ڵǳ֮ͻȻ˲Ρ걾ܵطе飬ȡһƿǳҩ£ڽϿʼ˳Ѩϡ
һһΣһСʱھʹһ忪һѨϣ⻹ûнĻڲǳ֮ƺ޾ƲɵСʱڣֳ忪ѨϣڵԪŽƽ
ˡ
ϸո¶ϲЦݣ˫ȴ¶˸ϲľͣȻһҲͻƣǴӼƷ߼۷ͻƵ۷֮ͻһؿΪƷ˼۷壬൱ںļ۷塣
۾ֳм֮ɫһʮָм¡ûµѣ´ʱżʹԼһֱʱҲͻѨϣܹͻһѨѾٶˡ
µĻֹͣʵԼĻ벻Ч
վŻܡ֪ԼҪɼ죬ͼ֮ȥ׼ȥϴ裬Ȼʹʹ˯һ
Ȼ䣬ɫһ㶣ʱͼھȻһ߶ûУͼԱ֮⣬ͼһƬտ
ʵ̫ˣ
ôͻȻһŮڷ̨𣬳ס˽Ųֵʵʲô𣿡
㲻֪ǸŮ۾
֪ʲôֵʵ
һڵĳһǰڣӵŵӣ洫ӺʥΣǰд衣ѾˣŵӺ洫ȫܣֻʥТʦֻʤӭսһ洫ӵĵһķơ
۾һʱոͻƣҪһ£ܹжսĻᣬ֮á
󲽵뿪ͼݣಡһ˿У̨ķȥ̨ܿŵȥվȺĺ棬̨֮ȥ
ʱ̨֮ϣڱƴЩ߲ϤΪһֱڸûдãͨװȴܹϳĸڵӣĸһڵӡ
ʱڵ·硣߾顱һڵӱ̨ӿеһֻ첲̨֮ϣȴڵӱնһֻ첲
֮µ洫ɫʮѿЩڸ̨֮ϵųϵɫҲʮѿԷԼŵӣһԼӣԷǹɺݾлɱڵӵĻᣬԲŹ
ǡ
ղű˵洫Ӿ洫еĵڶһͳȥûл洫л˭Ƕ֣ңһ洫ӵĵһûгֻǵڶ
̣
ʱдһȣһӰ̨֮ȥûпǸ˵ģ̨֮µЩ洫Ӿһ󻶺Щ̨ϵĳϣҲֳϲɫ
߲Ǳˣǳȥ洫ӵһ
飡
̨֮ϣĿص˶Էһڵӡľɨ˹ȥ̨֪ϵ˶Ǿż۷塣
̨֮ϵһڵųЦݣһΪ㲻ҳˣôϴΰҵУλٰһΣ
սȡһ󽣡
ãһڵӴЦҿȥһˣʲô
顭
˺ܿͼսһֵ̨֮ͣߣֻǿ˲ӵʱ䣬Ѿ϶ûʲôѹ׵ؼɲһǸ洫ӵĶ֡
Ȼֹʮ֮ʼ·硣


773
̨֮ϵЩϵɫѿ̨֮µЩ洫ӣԭҵļҲʧˣһֱߵա
⻹ֻһڵĵڶ˼ҵһһֱûϳܲڴӳϵӵ鶼ʮֳء
Ҳ΢΢üͷȻ·磬ɫȴûлţӦеơ
Ȼں߲֮ȻһͦеĳһַһڵǸȴ޽֮ɫͥŲ˹ȥ
ҿ߽
һκͳ˲Ϊһ壬ĸоʧˣҲʧˣǾһ磬һ硣
͡
̨֮ϴһЦһеĳ𵴶ڿд̳һɣһֺһɣһ˸߹һˡ
䡭
쫷ײһͬ뵽һĩյ磬̨֮Χ۵Ǽ߶Ȼ׷׺ˣǸ͵Ǿܲס
˫ϵײ߽һһӿǶԷĺҲһ˸߹һˡüͷĿֳǡ
ղ˵ʹĽʽ߽Ҳζֻ߽һڵʹ˺㽣ȴܹԲֹ߽
߽֮ѹƻܶǻˣ߽֮ѹƲסԷô֤ԷֽʽĿ߽һֻжԷеڰ˽֮ʱ
ܵĴʮ־޴Ĵۡ
Ϊʱĵڰ˽ǶԷ˽ӵһ𣬾Բֵܹģ
ʵʱľƲǳ꿴ˣ̨ЩҲˣڵĳ϶ֳһ˿ڴڴһҲֻʽ߲ʽ
һڵĳȴ¶һ˿Ϊ֪ԼĵӾԲֹֻʽˣ
е߶ŵע̨֮ϵˣȴų̂ⳡȶֻҪ̨ǹء
䡭
̨֮ϵײڼһ죬ֳ˾ΪһƬɶȴѾû˵ֿ֮
䡭
һ죬̨֮Ѫɣ嶼ˣ̨֮ϵĳϣ̨֮µĵӶʹر۾
洫ӵĳ׻֮Ķѷ졣һֻһڶͺɨ洫ӣ˼Ǹһһֱڸ̨֮ϣû¹һֱкŵĲм
Ŀ̨֮ϵǸһߣ̾һ˻̫ˣԼոյõͻ𲻵á
ˣô˵ҲԵԼܹ̫ܲˡ
顭
Ĵڵһ壬һƬѣγ
ˡ
̨˺Ӵ̨֮ϡ
ǳħ̨֮£е߲ѿڶ
껹֪Ϊɱ˲ˣѾ˹˳ħĳƺš˵ĺҲֻ˲ƺţкЦԼڵΪд½ȴΪħ
ǣ̨֮ҲֻǺ˼֮󣬾˳֮УΪû˿óꡣȻ̨֮նɱǾż޽ϾֻǾżڣȴǾż۷壬һ˶Էնɱ
̨֮ϡ
ڵ´˳꼸ۣ˵ڵһҵ£𣿡
׼𣿡국˵
㡭õһڵɫһһ
΢΢üͷ׼𣿡
ʺð˶ԷĶͷһеĳ
ã
һą́ϿƮξʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
һֻȭͷڶԷзŴڵֳ֮ɫû뵽꾹ȻֿȭسеĽֵĳԵУȭųȭͷԻ˹ȥ
顭
Ʈ˳ȥ̨֮ϵһڳ¶˼֮ɫڳϵ¶Ȼ֮ɫ̨֮¸ǷһƬ̾Ϣ֮
ֻһоͱԷ÷ˣ⻹ٴȥ
ţ̨֮ϵһλڳͻȻᡰšһΪڷ֮û˿ǱⲻǱܵӰ
̨֮ϣһ˫ָ󣬵ȻŶԷ

˲ЦȴֻЦȻֹڴһ֮
顭
ʵѾ弶ڣھǳ֮ս߼Ǳٽǰ˼ͨñھ죬ԷͺȻ飬Ѫɣͬղŵһ㡣

ž
̨֮ϣ̨֮¶һƬž
ǰȫǵߣһߡû뵽һ
䡭
̨֮ȻԴһǰ洫ӵһλʤһʣ˺졣
ǰ̨֮նɱ֣ǵֻп־壬жԳķŭǴʱǵȴֻ˷ܣҲ˽䣬κ֮ǰĻǸԸ񣬺Ҫ׼
껹һɱԸ񰡣ϲ
̨ϵĳҲֳЦݣô˵洫ӮһǸ̨֮ЩһڵĳȴһȻֻһڶҲǾӢһδĶ֮һ
̨֮վһˣһ洫ӵһº졣
ಡ
Ӹ̨Ծ˸̨֮ϡȻؿ˳һ۵һڣº죡
ڣ꣡
ԡºȡһб࣬Ǿż۷̨ɢ˳ı
ã


774
ͷҲûһмͨԷʶԼͨһ˷Ͼϵʵֻ弶ڣд󣬶ֻҪһ֣űʤİա
һǳб࣬ϢҲ˳
ţ
ºɫһ䣬Ŀų꣬аֻ弶ڣ
ʱ̨֮ϵڳϺ̨֮µڵȴ𾪵ԸӡŶð洫ӲŶð弶ˣ
˵ĿǳǿܹԽս似⡭ٶҲ̫˰ɣ
׼𣿡
ºɫһͣȻ֪仰˼ȴû뵽ôɫһȵɣ
飡
Ĵڽ̨֮һ壬αŶº˹ȥͬһƶɽһ˹ȥ
ʹɽ
ûʹǱɽŵƵĵҲܹԽףȻûǰһʽһףǴɽĵһʽʼһףȻһһ֣ʮ˵ʱ򣬻ᱬ׵ܣȻһһ֣һʽʮ֮ʱһס
弶ʵټǳ֮ҲǼ߼ڣϸտʼɽҲǰ˼ڡ
Գһº׵ƽ⣬ͬʱһ˹ºĽʽʮǿؽʵ˺һڡ

ཻǱõ˳ȥѪӿ
顭
䵽̨֮ĵ浹߲Ѿվ̨ıԵ

ºѾͬһܷɻһظеĳͬһŷĵ
֮֮
˲ڶºԾ𣬵ڶŶºնȥ

º췴һãַ˳ȥ̨֮ϣĵĺֻ߲κ߲֮ȶ˺ܶࡣ

Ͷº켤ҵؽսһ𣬵ܼײһֱĺˣÿһʩչ֮ֱ֮֮ºһˡø̨ϵĳϽŵ˼㣬̨֮µڵӸǽŵס˺
ֻǽŵ˫¶ɥΪ̨֮һֱǱľ棬º첻ϵغɣȻڷƴǴҶֻֻܹܹάֶã
ǣͳڽֵĶºȴô

ڲϵػ˳꣬ڳϿ·磬ƺֻҪºٹһͻὫնڽ¡
ǡ
ʵʵǣо˳ڽԭȵĺ߲Ѿĺһҳĸол֪ɽܵӣһһĵӣɽڷٵؽӽºܡ
£ºҲĽֻǻʩչʱ겻䡣

һʧϰĽײɽն˵ʮʽƵǾżڡ
һβٱºɣ˶ܣֻ·ˡ
ʱ̨ϣ̨е˶ԭΪܿͻᱻܣϾһоͱºɣкɡ
ǡ
ôһĹ򣬳꾹Ȼվ˽ŲٺһȻ·磬ȴͶº
º첢ûʹսĽ׽ֻУеܵӵһȴܹʵһȼӵźһ۷ʵ
Ҫɽļ¾Ϊ׵˵ԼҪͨͳ꽻֣һ³׵

ʮײֻ˲ȥе˶ֳ꿪ʼذƣͶº콥شƽ֣ÿһնѾﵽǾż۷塣
ܿɽն˵ʮʽ
Ȼ䣬ºһ˿ף־ײֹһΣգɵؽһ˲˳ȥ˲ӵһ𣬱һ۷ܡ
ʱ򣬳ĵʮҲնӵ˺һڡ

һײĺһЩΪ͵ֱһƨ˵ϣЩǾżҲҡΣ̨֮ϵһѾﵽ˺Ǽ
顭
κһ˹㣬ԼһǱĻȫԻܶԷȴ޷նɱԷԷʵС
˻˻˻
ƿյºҲһû뵽ɽԼʹ˾ӾȻûնɱꡣ
ǣȴ֮ɫѾ˽⵽ɽҪӵһʽһһصӣһֱӵʮʽһžֺ߱ǳڵ
ֻͬҪӾܹﵽһ۷ܡ
һɱ㣡
ºһѾٵصӵһų˹ȥ
̨֮ϡ
ЩҲȻ˫İºͲʮĻᣬʧȥᣬɡ
ڵҪһɱ𣿡һڳɫȻ
䡭
·һ𣬳꿪Ǳ֮ͬʱʹĵһǱܼһʽóһֱ˺һڡ

ײٴκһº𾪵ų꣬ôҲų껹һֵܹ˲ս
ʲô
̨֮ϣЩһڵĳһĲš
ôܣ
ǡģЩڵĳҲͬһĲţ侹Ȼֵ
̨֮µڵӸһĴͣⳡʵ̫ˣÿһΪᱻԷնɱǳȴǿصֵ


775
ǡ
ڵĳϺ͵ֽȻס˶ºĽɻ·簡
䡭
һװĵڶ˳ȥ̨֮϶һƬƽºͷƵ
ǳһǱҵºһ˿־塣˫һۣҧƣնһ˿־塣ұѸٵ𶯣ӵк
䡭
һΣûеˡ
һΣºĵصˡ
̨ΧһƬžԴӶº̨һһֱѹųڴ򣬵Ǵʱȴǻ˶º죬ռơ
⡭
Ҳΰɣ
һڵӶŴͣǸ̨֮ϣڵĳϣһڵĳϴʱҲһ𾪡ڵĳ֮󣬱пϲֳʵȻܹնɱº죬ǻȴ⡣ֻҪһڵһܣ֮洫ӽˣڵʤ
顭
Ĵ̨һ壬ͬһгһŶºײ˳ȥеǳĵʽܱ˺ڡ
һΣºӵͬѩ˻棬˲ڻǳǰأȴ͸ضȻһը֫⡣
յ˸̨֮ϵһһߵ𣿡
ֻһ˲䣬ڵ߾͸оһѹ˺ü׵ͷ˳
֮ǰһֺسǺһ
ֵˣȻܵûһߺһ͵ƣȴŵزм
һƬžڴӳϵӶϷŰŸ̨֮ϵһڳϡһڳϵˮȴ޻˵һն˵£⻹ʲô˵ģ
ûˣ
국һ䣬̨֮һڵĳˮԲ㳯Ÿ̨֮ϵڳʩһȻתȥ
ʦ֣䣡
ʦ֣䣡

Ļȴûжٻϲ΢΢üͷд½⼸꣬ԼȻһֱɱд½ߣ飬Ҳڽд½
岢ûԼڵʱôŰпᣬ͵ϵ֮Ĺϵࡣд½ϵ岢ûĴ㣬ǰĶһЩСðţСͿֲӣд½
óвìܣԼӦô
Ҫ֪ƾԼһ˵ǲɱд½ϵߣ˵ԼʵͣԼʵΪд½ϵĵһˣҲܰд½ϵȫɱ⡣
ǲɵһôף
Ψһİ취ǽд½糹׵طֿβֿܹд½ĸ߲ⷽҲŲиŬӦһֻʵͽӴǸΡ
Ҫʵ
ηɳڴţȫźХɽȥ֮󣬱ǰ⿪ʼչ
ⲻܲ˵ˣȴ֪ĺ䶯źʥȫ˱ТҲˣȻûиҲˣԭ׼ͻƵϵڣһͻƵʱҪƺˡ
ǣȫڽ԰ʱ洫ȴһ֦㡣Ϊ洫ӵĳ꾹Ȼնɱһڵĵڶ͵һ
ǵĴѰҳʱȴѾˡ˵뿪ˡ
ⲻðڵڸ߲ЦãҪǷڱ˵ϣʵʵԼıڵżνˣ굹ãֱӾ뿪ˡ
ÿλᵽŶʱ䶼ǳ̣Ȼ뿪ţȵ֮ʵԵѵҵһʥأ
ҲЩɡ
ǣʲôҲֻܹų˵
⣡
ϥ֮Уǹɫǳ֮γһСУӿڡ
һǳҩǳ֮еĹ켣ǿǳ֮ĳ֮һ޸ڵˣһ߸ʡ
ʱеļžɿعȥѾǳѨϣܿ쿪˵ĸ
ҡ
Ҽ鷿ҵòӣ¸ոȥһ˴ǮŰƽڼھڳڹ飬һȴŭ˼㡣

Ҽŭţ˵ϡԼŮȺ˳ܹ
磡Ǵ鷿˽Ҳϯض˳۵Ķɱ꣬ͱľٶľٶѸ١Ǳ̶һطҲܹڡ
ʲôط
ǳҲΪϵĴڣһЩϣ޷ǾǳҶóһЩԴ͸ǣǰѳɳȥɵһңԶȽϱĵطкܶҵֿɽɵһƫԶĿɽǾ٣Ȼɳ֣ȻǸɽڵĵӺڿĹ˶ɱˣ»ǳңܹΣ
⣡۾һ񣺡ͽ㣬ϵڵĳϡ
һº󣬳㽫ǳĵڰ˸ѨϿˡȻһؿƺڵǳ֮۵̫죬ֿʼóٻ֪ҪǳһѨϣԼͱȥսˡ
ǣȥأ
ʱѾص˺Хɽһǰտһֻ޴ȡ


776
ҪҪȥһأȥһңȥһһλȥٵڵĻأ´ȴƫƫȥ򡣡
˴㣬뿪˺ХɽĻɻŵȥ뵽֮󣬳겢ûǰڵĻأǰĳУֺǡ
ֺǵĵһǿʼչ̲ǳ֮Һǳɨõ˶ʮ˿̲ǳ֮ҺǳȻ뿪ֺǣܵǰڵڶĻء
ԶԶվһƬ֮ңųҵĻأûɽҲûɽѰó΢΢üͷĿһҪʮ˺ΧĹϣһݱ˹֮ϣïܵҶ֮䡣
ɴмڳһͨص׵ͨȻڵصŻ˹ȥһʱ䣬˻صصףȻ󽫾˳ȥԹһ˿
ΪڰرټСģĻھȻǼߣһǶ
ɨţһľأһľͨľҪ˽صת״ͻɡ
һӾҹڰصĲͬҲǳڵڰַзյƬ̶ϸļ飬ضǱյΪǳҳڼ飬߲ܴ˽յڳڵĵصѾյըòʣ˿ۼ
ԣγҶڷڲֿеյϸؼ飬ÿ춼һΣóҪ͵յȻڽըʱ䶨òܡ
Ǿڵصɣ
꿪ʼڵصڵصжʱݺύĵص꣬Ȼ˲ֿ¡
ɨֿ⣬üͷ΢΢ڲֿҲװ˼гһңߣڹۿʾ
Ȱ˸ɵ
ȡѷɽʹڵصżȥ˵ĽŵǱȻﾲصȴ
ҹ١
һֿȥ֮ڼڵĵصͻȻɽֻ˲ͻߵʺȻͷһᣬбϡɽɵ˿Уڼû˼£ж˼ӡȻɽӵضзص˳ߡ
꽫еķɽȡγһֿһڿѸٵشӵضгװյԣһſյװȡʱըȻѸٵǱ뵽ض֮УڵضڿٵӶֻǰҹʱ䣬ͽеյװϣرǼߵ¥°װĿյ
ʱ䶨賿㣬ٵ뿪˳һأǿŹ˳һִ֦ϵȴ賿㡣
䡭
賿ʱ֣յıըҹգرһƬ档ֻ֮ʮӰɴ˳ǼߺʮǼߡ
ಡ
һӰǱʮ˸ȥһâ£ҲֻһնɱǼߡûеȵЩ߷ӦĵڶʽѾն˳ȥ
ǳ֮ǱĵڶʽֱӴﵽ˺һڡһɱǼ˾ֻʣǼǼ
Ǽڳնڶ˲Ѿӳ˹ȻˣȴأϾǺǼߣһһǺߡ
һ۾ͿʵǿֻǵҲֻǴﵽ˺һڡ
⻹ʲô
˳۾ų˹ǸһӭųǵסһʣµǼߣǶͺǴɱߵǽնɱ
ľγһ㣬ʱľѾǼƷ˼ڣ൱ںļǸҲƲķ
䡭
һǸǼһײǸǼһߵκñˣʵԭǺһڣҪȳ΢һ㣬һˣξײǼżм䡣
䡭
죬ǶͺߴҹĴ󽣴˳壬ȴһоȴΪееĤסҷ˳ȥǼЩ顣
ʱ򣬳ʽ˳ȥֱ˺Ƕڡ
䡭
Ǿż˲䱻ʬ壬Ǹһͬһһر˳ȥ
һתǶͺѾɱ˹еǳ˳ȥĵʽͬһըڿը죬ڵĵȴҫĿĹâͬɫ᳤ա
кǼĳײһһǼڿеεˣǽһ֮ˣȻ˾ԶǸһȥ
ѾʮĸѨϣʹʽ֮󣬻ʣһЩԪ֮ǰʽһͼľԪ
꼫Ʒ˼ڵľһֻ˲͸嵽ǸһǰǸһʱѾʣﻹȥֵꣿ
ֻ˳һͽǸһߵͷ­ն£ȻԶɶݡʱڵԪѾʣ࣬ҳ֪ʱĸȻԼߣһڶǿ߰Χм䣬ҿǳ顣ѡ뿪Ǽô뿪
ԼĻر˻ٵˣȥһܼĳͷܹǸץסܹǼҲó˳ų׷˹ȥҲˣʵǿֻǸ


777
ϾʵǿһֳԼʵĵԲ־ãڵ߾֤
Ǽ߶Գ׷ᣬֻǲһӵʱ䣬˾Զֳ겢ûͣһЩٶԶȥһֺõĸоͬʱȡƬ̷ֺ֮һƿǳҩڵǳ֮Ѹٵػָ
˶ԽǼٶȣһСʱʱ䣬ͳ½أһƬ֮ϡˣΡսģȻᡣ
ҺǼ߿ǰĳͣζȻһų긩ʱڵǳ֮Ѿָӭ߳ȥǰʽնȥ
һֿʼ·磬ʹ˵ʽҲǺǶڵʵһǳοһǶһԼл൱ںļڵľγɵķ㣬ͱǼնΡ
ʹˣҲԷ˲ϵػ壬𵴵Ѫӿֵֻܹȫ·硣
ǣڵǳ֮ȴȫԾͬһڳС
ˣ
֪ԼﵽĿģֻҪսͿ̳ǳһѨϡ
ಡ
Ǹļ߱˹ȥ˫ཻ˲䣬һɽͻȻ֡
˫̫ˣǸ߸ûзӦͱǱɽ̴ʺ
ˡ
ǸǶһ֮ǰʮɽӵ

ߴæеֵûм£ͱɽԴź䡣
˷ɽǳһСȥϥɳ̲֮ϣһƿǳҩһƬ֮ʼǳһѨϡ
ֻСʱʱ䣬㿪һѨϣȻĸСʱҵʱǳ֮ӣŴ۾
ѾʮѨϣΪ弶۷ʿҲǽ뵽ڵĸ֡
СϷ½ȥҪȥķɻɻڣǰǳ壬ȡǳĵ㡣
ڷɻϣĶǳҵĵر˻ˣ໥ųҾʲôˣôܵ˲صı
û֪ԭ򣬵ȴ֪һᷢѰһһصˡؽڰѾó׽⣬ֱ׵Ļ˵͵÷⣬ڳ˵ѩϼ˪
صڣһֱǳȥõͻƣ˴鷳ˣȥҽ䣬κѾ߸ѨϣѾѨϣĸ˴һȻǳĵȥ
̤ƽ̨㿴һʯǰ棬չ㷢һֻˣܹǳεҲֻˡ
Ҳ˱ĽŲû˻ͷÿ˶֮СҲĵϯضĿʯϵǳ²㡣
ʱڻھһ顣ǳڵĳһЩҪٿĻ䣬ᵱԳĴǾǵųһ죬ٿ顣
ڳҲʮֿأԵЩʱҲͬ⣬Ҳͨ˴λ飬һҪĵλ
ǣû뵽ƺƫĹһֱۡһǽѺҲĥĥӣһǰѳɳȥȻɱ¾ȥɱޣɵ޻֮ء
Ѿ˵ǳ֮⣬ųǳ̴
ʱĬĬϣĿżɨˣŻڵĳϷֳɣһҪѳɵΣ֮أһҪѳһĬ
ҪѳɵΣ֮һҪսǳˣҪѳɱ֮⣬ҪһɵǱű˼ĬһƬԼˣٵȴ±̬ȡ
ûгĬĬ۲졣ʱкߣԼ˽֮ϣⲻܹԭ¡
ڵд½˴е˶ڡйʾڣҪԼĳһΪ档ǽ죬˾ȻҪٵڵδ
꣡
˽
ɲһߣһҩʦһܹƳǳҩҩʦ¿صĻˣΪзǳףǳҩİҲʵ˿죬û䣬κ
Ҳǳҩǳȫܹͳȡ˵ʲô
˵ʾѣ㲻ǾѵʣҲʮʺǳʣͬηһ㡣
ǻڴԻ͵ģ˾ȻҪһ˻ٵ
ߣ
ҵҪڻжͬˣ֮󣬻Ὣͳͳ򷢵֮أȻǲܹģôͱȥΪųɣ
꾫ȫܿͼסʯϵǳھȻ뿪ƽ̨ǳȥ
һ߳ǳ壬ͼһ˹һ˲̵ʱ䣬һüͷĵ˭ҪԼս
һɨ¶һ˿𾪣ԷȻһ߼ߣⲻԼսΪʲô
꣬
ȥ¶һ˿䱸
Ǹ΢΢һüͷǽһ£Ҫ㡣
ķͷǸڿնڵĻҷȥ
һ޴Ĺ㳡£㳡зԲףڹ㳡ľͷһС¥ǾڵĻңڵڣκڵǴﴫſŰ˸Ǽ


778
Ǹ˴ų˴ţ֮һǸߵһɳǰ£κָָɳԼȣټ
ɳϣŶǸȥԷ۾ʶԷ˼
ڷǳļžĽؾʼĦոռǳĵ㡣ǳĵıǳ֮й켣ʼȥЩŤǰƺЩͬóЩԻ
Աɳתǳ֮ʼǳĹ켣۾˳һۣ¶һ˿ܹ͡ʱصزȻǸӡ
һ֮󣬳ֹͣǲòͣΪڵǳ֮еʮɬѨϡȻʱûзʳǳҩûзʳ֮ûǳ֮ҲӦӣʮתʽǷʳǳҩͲ֮Ҳжɫ
ֲڵһֱʯĸǰһ㹦֮ǰǲͬ˳˼üͷšһʶڵľת
ǳ֮ǳǳ
Ȼ⿴ǳÿǳԼصй켣ÿһǳй켣һޱ޼ʵϵǾͲϵй켣
򣬿ʼ֮ǰй켣Ŭؽεй켣ʼںϣʶоȻͻƵס
һϵģڳʶУǲϵεǳй켣ںϣȴͬһӴϵ
ͻȻɳվŴȥ۾Ҫ˵ȴɫȻһ㶣оŶϢվ˳߳˴֮⣬վſųꡣ
ʱһ˿ѣ֪ԼҪʲôڴڲʣһ·߳˴ţߵ˹㳡룬Ȼ;վ
أʶеϵй켣ԽԽ
䡭
һƬʶȻƮһſˮΣͬһſ΢ǳƮֻǻû
ͻȻǸ߼ߺͰ˸ɫһ㶣Ķܹ֣ģƺͲͬ赸һ㡣
ʲôȭ
Ÿ໥һֽۣĿ˳ꡣ֪ʹԵ̫ȭǿ˲һӣŸ˾ʧȥȤĿб¶˲м
ȭܹˣ
վҲվţʵģŸ˵Ŀվڹ㳡мĳꡣ
Ȼ䣬ŸɫǸоһɣȻڻȭȴ͸¶Ų
ʱ̫ȭѾ˵İ汾û˹̶ʽȴԽԽ񣬷·һУͬһƬ硣
𡭡
ӳΧһ磬Ƿƽ󣬵˹㳡ϵĳͬһִ
Ÿվڴſ۾Ĳšȭܹ˴ƣ
ˡ
ʶξʼԴȻǹתʼһһεںϡ
㳡ͻȻһ㣬տʼǼţų˹ͬһֻֻө棬ԽԽ࣬ų˹ųһһʽʼڳΧתγһϵһ㡣
Ÿ𾪵ų꣬һӴϵΧųͺñϵ
顭
¼Ӳʯ鿪ʼѣͬһӡŸɫһ࣬㳡ʯͷɶǽʯ˵ֻһǼǺǼҲܹ飬Ǿһ̣ЩȻơ
ʶڣһεξϵںϣرڵǳ֮ʼгĹ켣¡¡Ѩϳȥ
ڡ
ۻڼȻеͣ¥⴫һ˵ĿⶼŴȥͻȻ°˰֣һټԱվߵ˴ڣͻͷԾ˵
΢΢üͷǸټԱʧ̬ǲãվŴȥĳҲ׷վߵ˴ڡ
Ȼ󡭡
ЩŸ߲µ˫ֳһ˿ϲɫһ۾ϳһƬмĳ꣬Ѿ߿˳꣬ȴû뵽Ȼܹտǳ֮
һǶǳµ򣡡
¼ܹǳͻƣеŵӶܹѧǳڷָտɴ
ʱ¸ı뷨ðѳ͵Σ֮ҲδһõѡֻΣյĵطǻԵľܹóͻƣسɳ
顭
ڵѨϱ忪ǳ֮ʼǳ֣֮ûзʳǳҩͲ֮ҲûĽ
ˡ
ʶξ۳һžͬǳʶ
顭
ˡ


Сʱ󣬳ͣǹɢȥʧ޼ҳҲӿƮ䡣ſڵľŸҲѣȻʱʵǣĿȴ𾴡ÿжʮ곬顣
С¥֮ڣµҲԾų꣬ȫû뵽꾹ȻǱЩĿ͸¶ɱ
꣡һҪ
ʱվڹ㳡мĳȴȫ𾪣Ž¹ѵĽʯвɸֳһͷⲻŪİɣ
Ѹٵ˼ڵǳ֮ݺݵһš
顭
û˿Ӧȴղڵǳ֮ȻԼͻˣǲСͻƣ˵һԾȻ⼸СʱｫǳľŸѨȫǳ֣֮ʵ۷塣


779
ɫһ䣬оԼľҲ˱仯ȻͻƵ˼ƷżڣͻһףѾ൱ߵĺ߼
뵽Լʶһ𾪵ʱʶѾܹ֮Ϊγһһž޴򡣾ôʶ֮Уתš
⾿ʲô¶
ʼϸŷһС
С¥֮ڣ´ʱѾ¶˾ġŻȥĳҲɫ߻Լλ
λȿ˵ղѾˣԼǿսǿ˾ҪĥΪŵδϣܹѳŵĥҿѪǾͲﳣ޵Ϯܹõõĥ
У̷ԵҪҼҵѳڣȥĥĥӡ
ָӣ۵ʧ˵Ŀⶼµϡ
˵òȷʵҪĥȥѪһĵط
ɫһϲӢ
°ڰֵǣʵĴеףҪĥĲǳ꣬ҲǵӣҿЩϼһҲҪĥе̫ˣ
һڳȻ
ʱĳȴվڹ㳡мĬĬػ֮ǰ飬ųЦݡ
ǳ֮ɲǽԪǳ֮ô򵥣ȻͬǳתΪҪǳߵͬʱܹ
ѵһںߺ;ߵ˫ع
Ȼһǲߵ;ԭҪ϶Ϊһֻ֮ǰҶߺ;߷ֿԵĵ·ǲǴˣǴˣǲζԼҵ֮·ȥﵽһʲô磿
꽫˵ڵ֮Ҳһž޴ǳʶڵǳ֮ңңӦƺһĺӦ
ԺķΣʶеǳ͵ڵǳκӦǳ֮;ںϣ
΢΢üͷֳãȻ
ʱֻǳ°벿°벿ǳһŹȭͷаԼҪӰѾˣֻоԼʵʶǳܹȷԼķ򡣡
˼еĳ겢֪С¥ĻѾˡǸǰһֱվ˴ſų꣬õµҪų꣬ȵٴȥ¡
һڵһӣһʥӣֻһ洫ӣȴû߼߳Ծղſͻƣû˱Ϊ𺳣δڵĶ˵ڽܹΪֵȥȡ
˵ˡ
ֲ棬ʱȻܹš
ʱ۾˹ųų֣꼱æŶԷӶȥֵԲʦ֡
Է˰ֵϽ߰ɣѾþˣ
Ŷ
һͬʱҲЩжô˵һ֮ȻΪԸȴҲóѡ
ʦһǰû֮洫µ
ʦشţʾȥȥ֮عţȴûнȥ
ݼվ¹ʩ
һŴ칫棬ָָŶ˵ɣ
ԥһ£ջ˰칫ǰȥ˶¡Ŀ⾼ų꣬˵꣬ǳµ򣿡
̵ͷû˿ԥߵǰѾǺˣԼ̫ͷˣĳѾ¿ˣҪѾܡ
Լǳǰ벿£ֻǰԼ°벿ڵҲδؾܹǳ
ĺûйϵˣÿʲͬʲУûϵ
ҳҲţֻҪԼʵʵ˵Լȫȫ˵µľһֱܹԼ˵ʵỳԼҲֻܹ룬ǳҩ롣
ηгɣҲ
ǣ㽫Լԭԭϸϸ˵ǰǰ˵˽һСʱͣ¿ڣ±۾
һ۾ͳСʱҲؾصﲻ

³һ۾˫˸Ŀָ͡˵ʵţ
æǫѷ˼䣬ʵףԼ㲻šԼǳϰ벿Լһߣǲ֮ıԼʣһǳҩԼĳɾ͡ǫʵʵڵģ̬ȷ¸ӵ͡
ȡһԪռݸ˳꣬ΪӳֻĹ
ӹԪռ䣬µȻþǰŴԪռϵİťĻʾּоͲһ˿̾
²һ̫֮ˡԪռڲһǧƷʯһһǳ޵ʬ壬רΪҪġ˴Ԫռлл
°˰֣ȡһԪռҲǳ޵ʬ壬Ľ
ȻӣЦңһһ£ŵͼУڲй׵ĵӣǸĽ
깧ȻѾЩʯǳ޵ʬ壬Ҳµһ⡣


780
꣡ų֮˵ǡ
˵Ϊһ£ǳҳڵĳϡϵһЩҳϺһҪȥѪǡ
ˣǳҪԼء˵ѪҲʲôõطˡ
Ѫʲôط
ǵڶΪ֮أһһҫɭ֡޺֮أ޶ʮǿԵڶֱطǷޡƽʱҲҪСӳȥɱޡÿ߶ǳࡣȻĴҲǳáﰴȼÿ¶иţڸҵȼͬҲͬȥ˾֪ˡڸڸѪǡѪǺһĻң˾ͽңҺͳҡ
˵ЦһҪأ˾ͽҵĹϵҲôҺҶӦҲûʲôӡҪСġ˭ڴȵʱĺ
һ˵һЦ겻ɫһࡣְ˰ֵͬȥѪǣĥ²Ϊ֮
ǣ֪ԼܾˣʹشӦ
¿ƽ̬¶ͣʲôҪ󣿡
һȥ֪ʲôʱܹܲܰǳȫڸң
ͻȻЦҲǣٶȿ²ֻͻơɣҰʮǳڸ㡣
˵ʮ滹й𣿡
СӣЦĵǲСЩɡֻҪʮ㣬ͿšǸʱһὫµĹڸ㡣
˵ȡһоƬݸ˳Ϣһʱ䣬Ҫһ£º󵽴ѪǾС
ǣӹоƬ
ȥɣ
ǣ
վȻת뿪˷䡣һԼıȥһ˼ţֻµʱ䣬ˡ֪ӥǽؽôˡԸڽʱҪʲô顣
ʵʱǷǳƽûǰΪ˵Ŀⶼأд½Ȼ󲨣ҵʵ
νǽƣֲܶӶ˳ңһЩðźС嶼Ŀⶢ˳ңɿֲԳҴ١ǵ϶һڶԸңʱ򲻻ˮ㻹ʲô
Աûŵ˭Ҫڳҵҧһ⡣ҽͷöص˱˵ԣҪǳ뵽ѪǣǾȲһѪǵ״
һҳͷǹڳҡڳҵϢһ֮󣬲ɹЦڵĹҲˣضʱڲǰ
ӿӱϣĥǲ뿪֮ǰѳڵڶĻҲˣ
Ҫսڵǳ֮ԾǵľǻٵҵĻأӦࡣδһʱѪǣʱԸҡȻҪԼأԼΪʲôڼһѻ
ֻҪڵڶĻҲˣسһøӾȣҲеһڷ⣬˵ߴĴŶĳ֣óҽͷöҲܹûôľԸԼ
ҪԼǰѪǣѪڣңң˾ͽҺͳҹͬƵƵ£ضӰѪǵĵλһҲԼӵذȫһЩ
˲˾һҪԼ뿪֮ǰȽڶҵĻػٵ
˾ſ¡оƬʼۿǳһҹûϢ֮󣬱㿪ʼһһ򡣴¶΢ʱ򣬳۾ǳһ򡣵Ļǵ߲㣬ԺĹûɵ߲֮ǰЩ⡣
뿪ڣչŵڶƽǷȥ뵽ƽǣһֱûջԼľľвûзиˡֿʼһɨǹ̲ǳ֮Һǳ
ǵڶǳأʱ䣬ܹչʮ˿ǳȻ뿪ƽǣֱһɽȥ
ɽн䣬ŵ£һСʱ󣬷ȷʵû˸Լȥ
ڡ
Щɫ࣬ҵľʮΣաҵ⾭˹ҵҲ˴ɱ
ڵڰĻؽѾͣΪڵʵܹ½һڰĻأȴٽһĻءлرأ
ؼǵΪֹ֪˭ҪҲˣ
ҵĻڴʱһƬۣһǼ޽أҪ޽ڰĻأҪѵĻؽûʯԴһǼַڰ͵ҵľӪΧڰ͵гóȥҪľ֮ϣҵ˳ҵĵˣ֮˵
յǣһ£ŵĵλ½½ŰѳɵѪǵͷҲЩԳĳɳڣȻѪǣҲһЩΣ֮ء
쵹ϣԼɵѪǣͿԶԸꡣ̾Ϣһ˵绰ͨ˳峤磬ѾѪˡ֮ᵽѪǡ
֪ˣ
Ǳ߹˵绰Ҽŵ绰˼һȻ󿪿ڵˣ
һ߽˷䣬˵ƽǷɻ鿴ǼܷɻȻ󡭡
̫֮УʳǳҩͲ֮Ȼתǳ߲㣬֮пʼش̫ȭ


781
˵̫ȭʵʱȭѾ̫ȭķ룬ƻֺ꣬˫֮籧һ档
ǹⴹڳΧƣͬһϵǹӿԽԽ࣬ϵԽԽӴϵңӦ
ڵǳ֮ڳ꾫ƿ£ʼѨϳʶеǿɾ۳ɵǳҲڽĳɳ
һֳһƾͨ磬ڴľųʶӿ˽ʶеǿǳա
ʱڼžţȫǳ֮У֪ƣ룬ϻǾϡ
֮
뵽ϰ˰죬Ȼ
һһ¹ȥд½ȥһµʱ䣬ͻƵ߼۷壬ȫѨϴͨʮͻƵ˼Ʒż۷壬൱ߵĺǾż۷塣
ǰѪǻһµʱˣǰѪ֮ǰҪڵڶĻػȥ
ٵڵڶĻʮ˳ȻγҰڵڶصѾǺǾż۷塣ǳ겢ûҪɱǣҲ棬ֻڻʹʹһ飬Ȼյͳ˳ȥ
ȵһرը֮󣬳ѾԶȥ
ƽ죬ȻŷɻѪǷȥеʶȻͷȲա۾ڵĴ
궼֪Լһͻƻʲôӣʲô
ֻ֪Ʒƺ߼ˣȻΪ߼ֻ֪ϻʲôҲеҪͻƣҪͻ֮󿴿ʲôӡ
ɻؽӽѪǡ
ʱڵѪǱϾ֮·ϵһɽУʮǱǵǰװһڣǳɳʮˣһǾżǰ˼µ߸Ǻ弶
ϵԳ죬϶һǼʵϳ߷ҲȷʵǼõͻƣҲֻһ߼ڶǼ߶вҲֻǾżֱ߲ܹҲҪˡ
ЩҵӼһھ㲻ܹǼĳҲӦˣʮ˴ġ
ΪʲôҪһǾżǰ˼ΪǺ˲ܷɻϵĳ˿ͣȻ߼ߣڴܷɻƱزܹһڣԳǼֲΪ˳Ϊ߼
Զһ㼱ٵػա
ˣ
׼
ϣ
ţ
䡭
һյſеķɻ˹ȥյĺڿ𵴣ڷɻϵĳ˿Ͷ÷ԱǲŵڼײյĿֳ˼ȿ־֮ɫ
ŵ۾ȻѸٵ˳ȥյ̫Ϥյˣ֪˶ٸ
ջ˾γһ㣬ľѾﵽ˼Ʒż۷壬൱ںǼż۷塣
䡭
յ˷ɻһ죬ɻƬ
ಡ
ʮδƬдܳǳǼ߼ʮĸǾżĳ˿;յ֮¡
ϣ
ɽǸǾżһ£ԶѾ˳껹šȳ˿Сʮ֮ǰзֹһǼżǰ˼ȴնɱ߼µ߸弶ǸɱĺǼߡ
꿴ͬһڵһطǸҺǾżҲľŸӰ˾ͷܡ
һʮ˾ͶǺǼҪǲܵ
꽫۷壬ͬһǻʡΪʮЩһǳġѾѹѾص˼һǧټƵŪ
һȥʮǼûôɵԳӵĺܸɴܼ࣬
߼ҲߵʵףʱҲûб˼һܣҲѸٵصͷӣ͸˵ʮĸǼˡ
ಡ
һǾżǰ˼߷ֱ߼׷ȥµ߸弶ߣеų׷ȥµĸǷֳĸЩǾż׷ȥ
ȻʮĸǼ߷ֳӣĸ弶ĳ߼ʮĸǾżһҲӲ˫ʵϵĲ̫ˣĸ弶Ҳ໥ӦʮĸǼ߱˲һ

дҽУӰӿ׹䣬ĸ弶ѾʼǼ׷ȥ
һжͳ޹أʱĳѾɳȥ˺ԶԶĸ弶ٴնɱĸǼʱĸǼ߲ҽе궼û
һӣһͷų磬ԼֻǼߣбԥǲͣ߸ɱˡճ껹ûȥΪԼͣ׷ΧǾ͵òʧˡ
ңһҪǸۣ
з˺ݣȻ۷ٶȣֻ˲ʧ٣׷ں֪ķһѪǣʹȫѪǵķȥ
һ֮
Һ弶վѪǵĳ֮⣬ɫʮѿһֱû׷ϳ꣬ѾѪ⣬˵Ѿˡеһ˵绰㱨ǵĶӳǸǾżߣ̾ʹӵ绰дǸǾżǸ弶ֱ졣
µ绰֮󣬶˵ǽǰɣӳǲɱǾͲҪȥˡ


782
ʱĳվѪǵڡܹоŲ㡣¥úϽɣʮֵؼ̡
һǿŵġһǽϹĻŸ񡣼ɱ޺ҩʯڳһɱ¾ѪȵϢڴ߶һ϶ɢǿϢ꾫һɨȻŲٺǼߣ¾Щ񼶱ߣҲͳڼ߲ͬɢű뺷Ϣ
ţͬսĻЩһѪЩߵĶ֡
䡭
ȺͻȻתͷȥ㿴һ󺺻ɢŨɱӴ˽ȻǸ󺺻Զܹо˵ƣѾﵽ˼Ʒżĳ궼оһ˿ѹȡ
ǿ
һɨ˹ȥоһԷȻһǾż۷壬ߴ˵͵͵
ܰ԰
߰
ǰʲôʱҲܹΪ߰
ߣЩԻ󣬱ߵһʵֵܣʲôߣ
İɣ
ţͷ
ǸҲΪ⣬Ŀܰ˵߶ߣѪǶеĳƺšѪǵĸǸߵĵȼַġʲôʵֻҪܹɱһֻ񼶱ޣ޳۸Ѫǣõһչۣõһ֣Ϊһһһߣɱֻ޾ͳΪһǶߣɱֻ޾ܹΪһߡɱһʮֻ񼶱ʱ򣬾һʮߡ֮Ϳɱͫޣһġ߾ܹɱǼ޵ߡܰԿ߼ߡ
ǸͻȻ۾ܰԵȻɱֻǼޡ
ĿҲ˹ȥȻܰԴʱӴԪռóֻǼޣȻֻѾˣɢǿѪ
ֱɱ˺Ǽأʵ
㡭Ǹ´һۣȻЦˡƾ㣿
˵Ǽ硣국˵
ûãǸҡͷѪƶؾһһضɱޣÿȼֻܹɱÿȼޡɱ˳ԽȼޣѪҲչ۸û⣬ǲ֡ȥ̨һֲᣬһйѡ
лл
л֮˹̨ڷһֲᣬһȻŶȥ
ڶһ̳Ÿֻҩȱװ
濴һȦʧȥȤŵȥ
Ҳǿŵģһĸ֣ûаᣬʱŲٵͲ͡ҲЩˣҲѰһλӳһ١
ǲ
ζеĲ˶ø޵Ƴɵģߺкô˷֮󣬳ŵĲȥ
ĲͬţһȲͺȿȵĵطûеôˣֻǿһۣûͣŵȥ
һ޴ͼݣԺͼݺúÿٲŵȥϾͲǿŵˡ¥ݿھһŮһӺ棬ʵ˭
ߵӸǰ΢Ц˵Ҫݼ
ǸŮӵؿһ۵ԤԼ𣿡
ûУҡͷ绰ǻҵġ
ȻǻģΪ¸߹֮ȥݼһԣѪܹܵһЩչˡȻ겢ںԵչˣ¼Ȼ˵ˣòҲҪǰݼһ¡
ӣǸŮջ˵绰µ绰ʱ¶еЦݣ߳ݣϾ¥901䣡
лл
л֮󣬳ֱ¥վ901⣬һƽһȻš

ڴһƿ˽ȥһһӺ棬š߽ţ΢Ц˵£
ؽŹϣǿֻҪԳߵԵĶ£ͦñֱŶԡ
ǳꣿȻȤųꡣ
ǣǰ깧ػص
˵ĺ
ԵֱԲЩΣһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲô
ԷЦĺͶˣѪǾҪĺȥ
˫¶һ˿ԻЦǾ˵ĻЩ֣Ѫڲ򶷣ΪʲôҪĺ
ɴĵͷҪԺ̬ȣ˵ѪûΣգǳѪΣտɲǽޣͬࡣгĿԱûгҲԴͼƺԼͲ˵˰ɣ
ֳ˲˼ԼԼȻǳҾҪɱԼһңҺ˾ͽƺҲûʲôӡ

·ҲѰ˼ԼңҺ˾ͽƺûʲô̫ĳޣδؾԼص˼ǳҵҡԼѪĵ˻ǳҡ
˵ˣܸߡܹҲֻѪڶչˣѪûܹչ㣬ֻܹԼ
ף
ѪһᣬڳǶĵһ01šȥóоƬͿᡣȻͿԺʦӳȥɱޡ
ǣ
֪ѾŵˣֻҪͻƵǼΪʥӾͿԷţڵûث֣㲻ܹѪһֱʥӾͷšûиõߣҲ뿪
ף


783
Ȼֻήٶȡֻвͣؾս֮ǻܹԼǱ
ȥɣ԰˰֡
뿪Եķ䣬¥Ѱһλ£һ裬ȻȡǸӣʼĶѪǵĹء
֮󣬳ˣԼȥҷסѪһжҪԼŲṩʲô룬ȥŵĹȥ
ʯ¥һɳŹȥܿ˹ǰ긶ʯӳվ·ǰȥ
ﾹȻһСׯ԰ŽգûվڵˡֻڴһСǿŵģ̇Сţ㿴ұһշģӣ˼һİ˽˴ųʵ˭
Ѫǵĵӣﱨһ¡
ǸֳеЦݵоƬ
ȡԼоƬݸ˶ԷԷ˵ԣȻ鿴һµ꣬ҽΰ
ллʦ֡
߽շңʵʦ֣Ҫһӣûкýܣ
򵥣һҸ㰲šȸһǵĹᡣѪڣǹܹһǧ߰ʮˡЩˣѾûˡ
˵ΰŹֵų㲻ǵʲô˰ɣ
ɫһʦ֣ѵ˶ǵŵߣ
ǣΰҡͷЩʦֵҪģЩʦֵܶǾӢСЩˣͬнǾԲǵĶ֡ǣʵǺܸߣԲ־ǿ֮ȥЩݵĵӣ־ֲǼǿȻðաžûǰǰЩ껹һЩŵʲô˵ĵӱǿ͵ҲûˡҲǲǵʲôˡ
¶˿ЦҲû׼鹫ҲóҵӲѪڶԼһЩĹȻѪڲɱˣܱ˷ҲǳҪġ
ǵˡ
ԭԭؽͳ֮˵˳ΰϵȴһЩ΢һ£ҲˡΰΪԼǵ˱ǿ͵һ־ǿҪĵӣ˿Լ
νҪ˵ͬϵɫҲʮƽΰʱѾЩġ
ŶʲôҪ󣿡
Ҫ󣿡ЩԻ
ʲôʱ뿪ɳǡΰ΢΢һüͷ
ҳΪʥӾͿԷţ
ʥӰΰ˵ҸղſϣѾˣлͻƵǼ
ȴôģǼôͻƵ𣿲֪һӿǼͻƲǼ֪Ѿ߼ֻͻ֮ûзţҲûеǼǡ
Ѫǲ¶޵ģһסĵطķǳҪܹȥͱȥɱޡ¶޽ͷߣѪǵĹʮ˰ӵҫɭԸ
ţ֪ʯ¶޽ͷʵʵ˵ҰڼƷʯǲõľס⡣
һΰӣѾ϶Ǹ߲ĺܶʯҪóһֱѪǲȥ
ˣҰһϤһ¹ᡣ
ΰ˵꣬ʹ˵绰Լһ֮󣬴ſ߽һꡣΰָųг꣬ˣŵˡϤһ¹ᣬȻȥһӡ
ǣ
ǸЦӦһȻԳֵߣ
վΰͷȻǸ˳ȥǸֵôƺ
ïǸЩΪΰǾŵ˵ĻҲһˣȻԸǾˣԳҲĬȻ
ïҲǾųһ·ѹῴһ飬ýܵҲˣȻų߽һӣһŮ˵ʦ㣬ģҪһӣ㿴һܡ
ʦ̧ͷһ۳꣬¶еЦݣ˰
ïԱƲƲҪġ
ŶʦϵЦݼ˼֣óЦá̲סʵǶп
Ƕ㣡ïƲƲǶЩԸѪǵ߶п
Ϊʲô국ʵ
Ϊʲôïһ۵֪ʮǰжŵˣ߷˴Ѫǵ𣿡
ҡͷ
ʮ򣡡ïָȻһµ֪ʣ¶𣿡
ٴҡͷ
һǧ˰ٶʮһˣ
ԳľҲֳ֮ɫʮʣһǧˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ϵ֮ɫïֳһ˿ӡ
֪ЩЩѪǵ˶𣿡
ǣֳ˲졣
ȻïϼűӺͷŭЩ˾һЩСտʼʱЩ˻ЩСһȥԣЩʵµ޻ԣһʵǿ޾ȽŷŸǵλøزסǰװ˺ܶˡⲻ۵˭۵ģ
ï˵ʵҲûз
ЩҲЩӣЩ˾ֻԼӣȻʾͺܸˡ
ҡҡͷҲûʲô˵ģԼ˱ӣ㲻ӣǺ顣Ҳȥïתͷʦ㣬ʲôķӣ


784
Ҫʲôģʦɴ΢ЦַֻĵЦݡ
û˼ңҲȥƨɣ㵭˵ҪһԺ䣬û˴ţƧһġ
ʦöẓ̇ѰһµķУܹ󣬱˵С㣬ӵһĻ԰һҪʯ
̽ͷ˿ͼƬֿ˿ΧĽܵãҪˣ
ʦؿһ۳꣬û뵽ôУһԵïȴǱӵؿ˳һ۵Ǯģ繺ҩԼʵ
ҺǮ국˵
Уïм˵㲻ҪһֱѪڲȥɣʯ𣿡
ͲˣҲһ˿ͷ
Уïûգֻɫӵرӡ
ã͸ϵʦ˵绰
Լʮӵģһ˽ʦС㣬λҪҵķӣ
λʦò˵
ãҽѡ
һ֣һ˵ֵҪȥӡ
û⣡˵ߣߣ
ǸڹỹͲԶԼʮӣѣï˱ڡï˹֪ïְӦûûɣҲ֪ʲôýܵģ㲻ȥïɢ˳ȥֻǲӵʱ䣬Ϳк⡣תͷ˵һ꣡ǩͬɣ
ѵָһбһݺͬݸ㿴
ٵطһ飬Ȼǩ֣һһݡպ˺֮ͬ󣬳ȡֻ˺Ÿҡ
ѱ˺ţתȥƷʯȻͳ⡣
Ҫȥģï
߰ɣ
ïһɳ˳֮һָ˾ȥǮ
ԼСʱʱ䣬ïų뵽һһ߿ҪסĶ̫ࡣճ뷨ƶߡһխĽֵïվڽֿڣɤӺһˣˣ
֨֨
һŴ򿪣߳һЩˣˣ꣬Ҳ꣬Ů˺ͺӡ꽫ѯʵĿߵïïм˵Щ˶ߣһҪˣΪԭġСסĶǺһڵӣȻҲвǵģһЩŮ˼޸ǣ˺ӣסԺҪӳȥԣǡ
˵ΧЩ˵ģһŵ˱͵г꣬ԺǶ׽
䣬㳯ųһֵˣ
ï뿪ıӰ겻ЦïǲЩˡ
ʱСϵ˶Χ˹һ£ûжˣҲٶ˵ӣ⻹Ϻӡ
ʦܣһûס°ɣҪסĵط㰲šķҲˣʹȥޣȻҼҳԷ
ûеȳ꿪ڣǸ˾ͳΧŮŮҶؼóһЩʳдֵܡ
ǣЩŮŮ˳ŽֵԼļȥ

ϽֹסЩˣѾ˷ӣȻסֻпЩϴģϵɫ֪ǵܾȡȻǺ飬ǳȴܹ顣˭֪Լһ٣᲻úӶһӣ
ٶ˶ͣͷ˳ꡣ곯λ˹ֵ鷳ʦ֣Ѿ˵ط
һ£̶ȻǻǶԳȰ˵ʦܣһ˺ܹķӰɣȰ㻹ǰǸ˰ɣ˵ҪסһӣЩǮ繺һЩҩʵʯùʱ򡣡
ˬʵشЦù˵ùʱ򡣡
ʱѾþЩߵʵߣߵҲǼҲˣȱ첲Ƕȣбˣ׳߶ȥɱˡܹЩ˷ǳŽᣬͬһһ㡣
ǰڹܵ䣬ȴܵд֮³ҲȺ档ǱǸ˵ûʦγƺ
ҽ֣ǿʦܣԺҪǾһˡϢ죬ȥԵʦֵǻˣ´Ǵȥԡ
л֣ʦ֣֣ʦ֣ҽˣҲûдʲôҳһٰɣ
ôԣ֣ǿȻɫ
֣ʦָղ˵ˣһˣͲҪҿˡ˵ϻвʯһٷǲʲô
˵ת˵˭֪Ѫõķļңȥϯ
鷳ˣ֣ǿæ
Ҫ룡˵
ǡðɣ֣ǿղǶһʮĺͯСͣȥͷʮƲˡ
סС͵Сͣͷ˭
С뵽кóԵģǻشǴɷϰ壬⡣ǼҵĲ˿ɺóˡ
֪һͨĲ˹ݣ֣ǿ˹ȥ֣ʦ֣Ҫҳһٺõģ
ͺܺˣ֣ǿҲ˵һҲȥԲ˼Ρ
ͷҲټ֣ǰٶˣʮﹻһʮˣҲҪʮЩ˿θڶСС˵ȥͷʮ
ʦܣ
֣ʦ֣ͲҪˣҪôҳԱԸ뱥ʲôֲ˵
ã֣ǿֳж֮ɫҶһˣͲˣ
ˣҲЦʱСܵûӰˡ


785
˴ԼСʱСʹһģ˹Ǹߵ֣ǿǰЦ֣磬ϰ˵ˣȰʯˣ
֣ǿڵһǺˣøͷʯɣ
ǣǸֵҪһû⣬ʮʵ̫ˡ
ˣסŭ֣ǿǸƵ˵˵
Ǹƿ˳һЦС磬ҲƷʯͱΪСˣ
ӴԪռȡƷʯӸ˻ƵͷٶҪ죡
еƷʯ̽ͷͬСһ㣺ǣ϶죡
ȥɣ국˵
ƺðɣСʱڣһѾƲ˸
Сʱ󣬹ȻͷԴһӻƽʮƲ˸˹ͷغͳڨ䣬ҲòغͶԷ̸˼䣬ͷȤͷҲȻòȴӦԼòĸǡ
˸ɴͰѼӵӶ˳˳СְȻҾؽֶų
̻ʵģرЩСùĹĵģǲͣŶҲɷһ˿
֣ǿ˽̸ţӽ̸֪Ѫǵ顣֪ǽ뵽Ѫڵ߿ɲܹ뿪ġҪ뿪ֻһ·ǾǽʵǼֻдﵽ˺ǼߣѪǲŲԼֻܹһ
ֲԼΪʥӲſԷţ
Ѱ˼ţӽֿڴһɤţֵǣǴóԵĻˣ
תȥʮӽֿ˽ÿ˵϶ɢѪȵζɷڿ
ˣ
֣ǿ̴վ˷ܵسʮ˹ȥЩŮҲ׷վȵӭȥСǸǻ˹ȥվ𣬲ûйȥֻ΢ЦǱ˹ȥ
֪ʮһǳȥ޵еһ֧Сӣɨ˹ȥɰԵͷ
ʮʵףǸΪ׵ȻһһߣʮһǾż۷壬ĸǾżڣµĸǰ˼а֪֧СǲǿСӡ
ʱǸĿҲ˹֣ǿĴŽܣֿˣ󲽵ų˹ڳļʹһĵֵܣܹҳԷ
국һЦһһ
ã
𵶵£ʮһҲ˹Χղźͳһ֣ǿЩȥ¡
ֵܣɣ˾Ʊųһ¡
ɣ
Ҳ˾Ʊһ
¾Ʊ֮ų꣬Щֻа˰ٶܹȥޣ֧Сǿһ֧顣󲿷߻ҪȱԴⶼûʵչ˺ôҡ
һԵһ׾ӵĺ˵磬ôܹ㣿û㣬˵ǣЩŮ˺ͺͶˡѾͻƵ˺Ǽ˵ȫ뿪ѪǣصųΪһʥӣײǣѪǣﶼ˵ˣԭǼ֮£ҩܹ֤ܹͻƣ
˵Щ˰ֵ꣬ﰴʵֳ˺ܶСӣ󲿷СֻܹȴɱһЩ񼶱ޣյѪǣҪɱȼʱҰһ񼶱Сӣʱһȥޡ
ʱ򣬽ֿӿһٶߣСеس˽翴һۣ¶Цݣţǣû
磡һٶҲųһ˹һçţȺ񼶱ģǰ˸СϾͰһٶçţɱˣ
Ա߾һɨ֪һٶ߶񼶱𣬶ҶʮᣬҲͶʮģбЩ˲ǴŹģӦǵͽЩߵĺһ磬ҲӦǵЩߵĺ
ţļȻָų˵ţһѣմģ꣬Ժ㡣
ţ˳һۣЦǱŹЩģ
ǣ겻ΪЦ˵ȻͻȻʲôתͷ˵磬ҿЩֵҲս֮ˣΪʲô͹ǱߺΪһֵǵҲܹùһЩ
ΧһĿⶼЩƣЩӡ겻Եӣаʲô¶ڹǱ߱һΣֵﱻӣ
絹ɫ糣ֻų꣬һԻӣȻʧЦ꣬˽״Щ˼ǵˡ
˵ֳ˱ʹ֮ɫЩǰѾˣûģҲˣܹˡЩܹȥԵ׳ǵЩǰĺҲ⡣ЩǰȻޣǹǱΪǵǿ߲֮ͬ飬ڲˣЩǰʲôôࣿЩ˶ڹǱ߶źԹޣ޺Ǻ֮
ĬȻ˵˫Ӧ˵ΣտʼʱǱҲǲæЩ̫˸ˣȻǱǿˣ˫ԹҲˣȵĳļڣѪ壬磬ңңҲһ㡣ĶԹܾһ𡣷ģֻҪڣһţϣţȥԡ


786
ҡҡͷȻǲţȥԣʱھ˻ڵڶĻأֱһ·׷ɱɵȫѾˣҪͻǰ˼֮ȴɱ޻塣ǱܵˣҴһȥҫɭֿ
Сӣţбۿų㲻ҪȥǱߵƨɰɣ
죡ŭ
Ҳһ˿ŭǳţջЩ˺͹֮ĶԹУ޹ءǣվλˣ
Сӣһӿڵ˵סĵطǱЩҲȥסס
ӭ국˵ѡһƧ֮أΪԼźܶܣôЩסȥ
ɴĻشɫһЩ˿ļˣ˲ӣҲǲӣҪ˵ȴţһΣ˳ǰСӣ߿ԣҾͿ뿪
Ŀһͷһ磬ȴȵﲻǷһ˿Ц֪ҵĴºŽʲô𣿡
ţƲƲʲô
һбеУ국˵Ǹҵצӵ˶Ҫ׼
ţȫǲмɫȴ΢䣬ܹӳɱ⣬Ȼʵƾųܹ˵仰Ǿ֤һĺ֮
꣡Ѫڲɱˣ
ͷǾʹаɣ
С
ţҪڣмȻվԣųЦֵ꣬ΪֵôҲ졣㣡
ضţţȴǲصųꡣȻһЦ´
ӡ
ž
ţո˵ˡӡ֣ξͻȻĸǰһƽţȷ˳ȥмʮ㣬ţ
ĿһĶ̫ˣһ߶ûзӦв𾪵ѵǺǼܣǺǼͲᱻ͵ΪǺǼ߶뿪Ѫǡ
С϶ʱе˶ų꣬¶𾪣𾪳꾹ȻܹƤӵ½ţȷɣĿо¶ŭ
̤̤̤
ٲСȥɫһ£ջǼӿͳ겢е㣡
ͷûţʱȴȫˣû뵽ľһưһӴӵҪȥȴ˵꣬ţ˲ͳҴ񡣡
ڰֵҪⲻĴˣ˭ңұɱ֮ҾΪӲű͵ҲӣϣǸţҪңұɱ֮
䣬ȥס˽Ų˼ųıӰܹоǿģĿֻб˼
硭Χ˹翴һ˵ǣҪȥǳ꣬飬˵粻ᡣţųӦϰˣ
صԼЪޣһϾڶһ뿪ѪǣҫɭַȥȻɱ޵ģѡһ˵صطȻɢ磬̽Χߡ
ΧɱޣȽԶҲûһžһߵȴ΢ɢȥҹ١
ȫڰ֮󣬳γȥȥ
һº
귵ҫɭ֣ϥһʯ֮ϣֳԻ֮ɫ
һµʵǰ˼Իʶֳһǳ

˵ǳЩţӦ˵һ㡣˵֮ǰǸǳȭͷСôǳֻСΧмǸǳת겻֪ľδᷢչʲôӣǾȴˣܹоľѾ൱ߵϵһ
ˣܹǺ¡ŻصȥͼݿɱˡȰ񼶵ɱ˵
ڱ˵Ҫɱһʮͷ޲ףΪҪҵޣѾȺӵˣͨǶУҪҵһʮͷҲס
ǳ겻ͬӵž硣񼶵ǺȺӵģȴûС統ţǷֵçţȺԳĵþѰšֻǲһӵʱ䣬ľоͷһçţȺçţȺӵеçţ٣ٶͷ񼶵çţȴֻٶͷĶһЩССçţ
δʯڿնȺçţ˹ȥԼСʱʱ䣬ѾȺçţϿգѰ˼һ£ǳȥɱЩçţɢӣ»߲١
ǾԾ
һһȻʮɽ·ȥٶֱѳ궼һֱ̫ˣɽӰӣֻǲһӵʱ䣬Щɽವط˹ս磬Ȼڿ·çţȺš
ЩçţڲߣǿʼѪçţʺ˳Щçţ񾭷Ӧʹɽٶ̫죬ЩçţûзӦͱȫɱˣֻǻڹԵǰȥʧȥһһءͨͨ˵ϡ
֮󡣳꽫񼶵װһԪռڣЩСçţװһԪռڣȻһçţȺȥ
ֻǰĹ򣬳ɱ˽ͷ޺ٶͷһµޡѪǵķȥ


787
Ȼ䣬ڿһ٣ֳԥ֮ɫſľУţ
ʱţʮһֻͫ˫ͷӥ׷ɱţʮ˿п϶˫ͷӥĶֻ֣ܹڵϽһս󣬱սˡ
ಡ
˫ͷӥ·ȥֻͬԲ䵶˺˿Хи˻Ųѵʮ

ʮ˷صֵʱӰڣ˫ͷӥѾٴη˸߿աǵϵʮȴһʧȥԴͷڵϣӲǻڹӿѪһŮбһĿӴһֱƨɣͬնⷭɣ˵ڵѾ˹ȥ
ӣߣס
ţһѾ޸˫Ŀ죬ȻӵϷſеֻ˫ͷӥ˹ȥ˫Ŀᣬһѽ˻ԵǸŮӱһߣ
ӣ
һ˿ͣ൱ϵһľȫչֻ˲ֻ˫ͷӥϿգеǳ·նȥ
һֻͫޣɵһ㽫˫ͷӥն룬Ȼδ˫ͷӥʬȥѾս˴Ԫռ䡣һҪչһʮͷͫޣȻ2
ţų꣬ԭǱűΪͬһ˿ܵĻᣬȴû뵽ͻȻɳһˣ赭дؾͰֻ˫ͷӥɱˡ
ҡ
Ǹ˻Լƹĳꡭ
ţһž޸һֲ֪ţųһΣͨлл
꿴һţͷ
ڡ
ţˣȴû˿Թ֮ɫеֻųʩһԲ𣡡
ͷղǹģҪţķӦţһ˿Թޣֶȥǲ˿ϵǿţ̬֮ԭһɢ·ȥ
ʱ·ļ˶˿еı仯һͣס˽Ųſȥǿֵǳʱһ϶ֳ֮ɫǳǿǻţ˳ɾնɱֻ˫ͷӥвĻ
ʦ֣һ˼æ
꾶ֱ˹ӵǰŵϡ
Ŷ
ӼæǸŮӷŵ˵ϣľһɨ΢΢üͷ䵽һԵţ̾Ϣһסˡ
ʱĺ󱳼ԷܹѵĹͷǼ׵˫ͷӥնϣȡһƿҩһŮ˵ȸֹѪɣ
ǸŮ߼æӹƿҩԣҩص˿ϡҩһ˿ϣӿѪֹסΧɫһϲ漴һƬȻܹȻҲ̱ڴһӣϾ׵նϡ
󱳵ѪȫֹסǸŮ߽ҩ˳꣬Ȼʵʦ֣ô죿
΢΢һüͷһ鷳顣Ȼƺأ˾Ȳ˲Ȳˣľ磬ȫԾ׼ؽѵĹͷѪܣ¸ӵһȻò֮ȫָָֻҲҪһʱ䣬ʱչ˶Է
һǸŮߵʲô
ҽ㡣
㱳ߣһʱסչָ֮һ뿪
ʦ֡㡭˵ָܹţվһԼʵ
ͷˣ
һѪǷȥ꽥ؼӿٶȣţʮó˳̵˳󡣽뵽Ѫ֮˱ȥ
ڷУʵţһǼߣ
ҵʵǿһЩһ߼ߣǵĵȼҵ͡γɱֻޣùһȼ
Ŷͷ
ţһ۳ǰǰûǻգ֪껹ûгΪߣӦǳһγȥҲʮƾųʵò˼µʱ䣬ܹΪߡ
߽˱չ޺ͼ¼ֵĹ̨ȥһٶ̨ٵһȥֻŶӡ
һˡڹïïͷҲ˳ˣţϵѪգϵһ˿ӵ꣬һ飿
ҡҡͷú˵֮ǰïҲǴԼϤڹᣬҲûиɫֵܿïïӴԪռȡֻͫ޷˹̨֮ϣһȻ򿪵ԲïоƬٵûż˵㻹һͷͫ޾ܹΪߡѾоƬúã
ïоƬسų겻еЦïһӡȡһװ񼶱޵ǸԪռ˹̨֮ϣ̨Ǹ꿴˳һۣǰûǻգ֪һˡЩͷ˵Լó
꿴һۣ˵̫࣬㲻ⱻ޵ʬҾͰǵ
Ǹɫһ㶣һץǸԪռ˵Żҡ
ȻȻֹ㶵ؿʾϵ̧֡ͷųģ
ţ겻ͷصͷﻹ˵Ҫȥơ
ãԵȣ
ǸȡһԪռ䣬ԪռԽһ𣬽ĴԪռڵʬתƵԼĴԪռڣȻڵǰ֡
꽫ԼоƬ˹ȥǸ꽫оƬԣ㿪ʼžû˵ţǺ꾿ɱ˶ޣïҲо棬վһԵȴŽ


788
꣬һɱٰʮͷޣÿͷչʮƷʯܹǧ˰ʮƷʯǻֻܹһʮѾһʮߡʯѾת˺ţּ¼оƬϡ
˵ǸǸоƬһǻշŵ˹̨˵ǻգÿĩһ죬Ѫǻ˻תƷʯѪǸĸ
ô٣΢΢һüͷаҲûڵĸ߰
ˣţһԵ˵ֻ񼶱ÿ¿ٿƷʯ
лȻǰ񼶱𷢷ŵĸǰǰ˼ļ𷢷ŵĸ㽫оƬȻǻձǰ˵һߡţŲ˼ߵ˹̨ǰһֻһֻؽ޵ʬȡ˳
϶ǲ˼˼ҳһܳȥһӸɵٶֻޣʮ˲Ÿɵֻһһһˡ
һԵï´ų꣬һŵ꣬аһ¶ɣͳΪһʮˣǲңŬɣ
͡
ʱţҲ˳ïĻмطһЦ꿴һ۵ǻȥɣ㱳ߣ
ǣ
ţʱԳǿķڷ˵һ֣ʵĽԸųȥ

Ⱳӹ⿴ûнȥ͸˵סˣ
һԵïԸղţһЦڻţм˵ղЦʲô
ţӱӵؿһۣȻĿʾıӰ¸³ǼͰ˦ں档
߳һɳԼıȥڱǰ˳㱳ų߽Ŵͣʵ̫ˡ
ֻǡЩߡ
԰ﶼǻĲݣŽ뵽Ĵǻҳȴǲܲ˵߽һ䣬Ȼ˵ڴϡ
˴ϣȡһƿҩһЩҩ޵ݸ˵·ˣȻҩϴɾ
Ŷ
ӹҩҩޣߵ˴ߡ˳ȥԱߵķ䣬ȡһЩȻժһЩҩͲ֮
òҩ˼ʮƿҩְѲ֮ʮƿ֭ҺȻܷϣ˳վڴ˳æ˵ʦ֣Ѿϴˡղˣʹ˹ȥ
ͷ˺š
ɫһ㶣æԼ˺ţȡֻ˼£Ȼ˵Ҹ˺תһƷʯûлָ֮ǰסչԼ¥ѡ䡣
ǣʦ֣
̳ȥһЩʯ࣬һø̶
ãȥ
Ҵææ뿪߽ķ䣬ſ˴ϻšľɨ˹ȥϢ˥̾Ϣһʵңһƿ֭֮Һصķ䣬͸þӴȻڿзתƿڶ׼쵹ȥȻþȥٰ巭תطŻ˴ϡ
ӷɳϣһߵһ߿ʼͨľ
ԼһСʱ㼱Ҵҵ˽һߴӴԪռóһ˵ʦ֣ʯ໨ˡ
˰ֵұˣ
䣬ʯķȥ㡰Ŷһ˳˴ǰͷһȥڵʵҰЩҩù
Ŷ
ҴҵȥҴҵػЩҩ˷һϡ
ȳȥ
Ŷ
ĵ˳ȥȻ󽫷Źϣһеŷţаû뵽ʦֻһҩʦʵôǿֻŵ˭͵Űһûȥ
˼룬֪˶ãﴫ˳
һ𣬼æ˽ȥʱӮʯָ࣬ϵЩƿ˵ʮεƿӡÿһƿǰ˸Բεƿӣÿһƿ
Ŷ
꿴һۣȷס֮˳ȥ¥뵽ԡ֮ڣһˮˮɢƣ
˸OO@@Ķſ˾ܿ׽㣬ʱڴɨ¥ķ䣬ջ˾Ǹֳһ˿Цݣаи˴ɨҲ
ϴ裬껻˯´ԡ˳Լķ䣬ѾɨôҲµĴ̸ǡصͷ˱ѣ׼ú˯һѾһûô˯ˡ
һ˯죬Ŵӷϴһ£һ·¥ķǰƿҲ档ϥһŴ
ʦ֣
˽㼱æӴͷȻĴǰ۾Ŀ͸¶м˵лл
꽫ͷųɨ˹ȥȻصͷõģٹһµʱͻ῵
ͷųĿԭһ𣿡
ţͷ˵ʵһЩ
û˵ѣǸ׼ʮƿ֭֮Һȫܹıʣʵ⡣ȴǽŽɣȴ¶ڴ
ȡһԪռ䣬ŵٶֻ񼶵ޣҲûʲôãݸ㣬һЩ񼶱µçţֻԣʣµ͸ǳ԰ɣ
ģ


789
ţͷҪ뿪һʱ䣬ʱչɣ
˵ȥǸԪռһ˷ܡڿǿˣٶֻçţҲżܹɱһֻֻµ޸һ»ʳһٶֻǵһΡ
뿪˱һɳųſڷȥڳſ˳˳֮⣬ڿնҫɭ֮ڷȥѰһϵȵ΢ɢη⡣
ѾǳĹʮʱ䣬ΪͻƵǾżҲ֮ͻƵ൱ߵϵ㣬ʶǸСĹ㳤һ״С
صҫɭ֣ɱͫ޶ĳ˵ͬˮԷž׽ܿҵһͫޣȻһնɱǱͫ޶ǶеģΪ˴չһʮͷͫҲķ˳һܵʱ䡣⻹Ϊž磬ܹ׵ҵЩͫޣ߾ֻܹˡһȼߵޣɱ⡣
صѪǣɳϰߵŵһεǸ̨ȥɲɵïͼŶӡï˳꣬شкֳ꣬ȥɱˣ
ţҲǸջ˳վï
ţջ˲СŶïسųüë
ЦЦûļ´һ³꣬һ׳ïĳꣿ
꿴һûǸ˵ǲΪشո˹˵ŵ˱ͽģ
Ҳûж⣬Ҳûۺͷ
˵˵ʲôˣôģʲôӣ
оһ֣һԷĻ֪ǰ׳ҲӦѪߵĺһӻûȥš
ҲǸӣѪǲ࣬ûôпᡣҲƽ̬ÿճҲоį
˵˵㾿ʲôˣ
ԳһЦӵ˲֣ҵĻֹһˡ
ţʲôӣ˱Ȥ
иºŽһбеСҲ˵ҽֵ˻϶ˣԾ͵˺ܶˡ
˰ï´ųļٵģ
ûлش𣬶Ŀʾ⣺ˣ
˱㲻ٺͳ˵ȡ޵ʬϽ꿴һ£ïСܹˣɱֻͫޣһһֻ
˵֮һ߿ųꡣȡһԪռŵ˹̨ϡǸȻǵó꣬Źȥһ£ϴεô⡣ηǳǸԪռ䣬ɫһ£û뵽һ˱ͫ
Źֵؿһ۳꣬㽫Щ޵ʬתһԪռڣȻ˳оƬڼžû£ȡһǻպǸоƬһ˹̨ϵ꣬γһʮͷͫޣÿֻͫչһƷʯһһʮƷʯѾת˺ǶʮǻգǸһǻջӽÿµĸƷʯ
ժؿϵǻշ˹̨ϣǸʮǻձؿڣȻоƬаȻֻǶߣÿ¾ƷʯĸƷʯ
֪ʧſڣï˺ųꡣ죬ï߽˵ô˼£Ͷʮˣ
ïӣ⻹ǴҪģһ˳ȥԣûӣһ˵
˰Ū˵Ǹһбеġ
ʲôŪãһġ
û뵽ͽҲĺˡ
Լſ˳˱Ĵţ˽ȥųݻ޼ƺ˳˽æ³ݻӭʦֻˣ
ţ
ͷȥ뵽ķ䣬ֳ꣬мɫʦֻˣ
ţҪҿ
˴ߣװӣɨʮͿԲȥʯˣܹҪȫҪһµʱ䡣
ллʦ֡
ãһߣһ˵һٸһЩҩ
߳˷¥ԡȥûߵԡұԡڻķˮŽȥ㿴ԡˮͷԳ˵ʦ֣һ͸źˮˣʱ·ԡҸϴ
ͷȵˮȥ֮󣬳ѵذ·ѵˮУһ⡣
ϴ֮󣬳һԼȥһߴܣɨøɸɾ㻹԰ݣǷһ˿΢Ц
һ˯죬ʱֱˬϴ֮󣬱¥ֵʦ֣Է
۾һѾܾûкúóһˣǴոȥġҴ¥²ѾڷĲһĩ󿪷׷ֻ׷ζܱĩ֮ǰ׷˺öࡣ
˷ȡһӴ׺һ۷˵˵ȻֶҪ˵ȥ滨Ǯġ
Իǰ򿪴֮ɫͱˣ̧ͷųصͷһ˵ȥģ
ˡ
ʱ򣬱ϴġˡŵ㡰һӵȻһŭͺµôˣ
˭국ؿ㡣


790
ӵųϴҰЩçţͻС֣ţҲʦ־ǵСϵˣҶܸм㡣Ǹʱڣȥˣ֣廹һ˵ȵл㡣ǡСǿ˵ڸʹţ˵Ҫ㡣˺üˣҶûп
㣬ûУ㿪ţҽȥ
Թһ˿Ц⣬㡣һСǿһֱ׷ֻǱͫߣܹӡ
Ŵȥ˴ţһ׼ţȭͷͽ˿С̾ͷӦ˹Ȼųֹɶǳꣿ
飡
Сǿһ߷ֱɵ˽ֵĶ档صˤڵϡ

һ֣˴šСǿӵ粻Ҫ嵽棬ԼʮƾղųһţԼ;ԲǶ֡޺޵һţСȥ
ſӵؿų꣬߹˵Ȭ֮Ǿ뿪
飡
뵽ʵңŹϡվſڻͷŹرյķţ᲻֪
ȵٴδʵ߳ʱ㻹վſĬĬᡣЩѾϲųʯÿ춼ܹԵñģΪȳȥɱޣһµʱԵظоԼʵ
ЩŬÿնɨøɸɾôϣܹһȻˣɨ
һסĵطҰԣ껹ʡһµͻ˶ʯóʯ˼ƿҩʵͻͽԭ߼ʵѾ˼
ô̵ʱǰȫ
ǡ
ڽ죬귢ˡΪǸСǿƾҲͳʦд裿
ˣ
쿴ʦֵǰֻǻˣʦѾǶʮˣŶð
㣡
Ȼ˳к̧ͷһվſڳ̧֣Ĩᣬų˹ȥ
ʦ֣
ͷ߽ʵңָϵһЩҩ˵ЩҩǸ׼ģ÷֮ǰһұЩҩǸġ
ҵģȻ
ţ⼸ҪҪңһºһʯࡣ
ţʹصͷ
߳˷ȥʵѾﵽǾżڣһºҪʯ࣬ȥ»ᵢʱ䣬Ǿż۷ҲԶǲȥ⣬ǳǳҩͲ֮İҲӦܹõͻơ
ԾͲ׼ȥˣڼ
վ˱ĺԺʳһƿǳҩһƬ֮˼ƿʼ̫ȭһһʽԲչ֮ܿС
أһЩڿռǳ֮ųӿ˹Χųתš
ʵ
һƿҩƿǣƿڿСغһڣɫ𾪡Ȼûкȹô߼ҩֻһСھ͸ŨԪȴ֪ƿҩĲ
ͻȻоһһ΢ƿߵ˴ȥ־һеƿӲ˵ϡ
ĳĩ֮ǰǿգһ΢һΧмĳڡ
ֳĸСʱų³һͣѾվһԵ㼱æǰݸ˳һë
ллӹëһ߲źһűȥ
ллҩ㼤˵
ûʲô˳һЩ껹治˳㣬ѱɨøɸɾʱ򣬾׼ΪһЩҩҩҲѲʱ䣬ҩĲҩǳ͸ںˣԳңǵҩǾţһëοڻôҩ԰
ͻȻס˽Ųͷһۣ¶˿ЦԺѾղŵ߰㣬˵ƺͱԼǵ˺ü
ǲܹˣ컹ȥɡʱˡ
ڶ졣
뿪˱뵽ҫɭУɱһЩǼޣȵҹ֮󣬳ҹɫȥ
γûãԼ˲ʮ죬ʵǾżڣ㷵ҫɭֻ֡˾ʱɱһʮͷǼޣŷѪǡ
ڡ
󲽵ϰߵĹ̨ȥεûˣʵڵؽѪҲûмˡŶ˴ԼСʱֵ˳ꡣǸ꣬Ǹ꿴ʱ۾а⻹һ°ɣҾͲܹóһʮͷǼޡ
ǣȵݸǸԪռʱᶼˡ
ҪҪôͰ
Ͻһ֮д𾴽˵ĴԪռ䣬оƬһʮǻշ˹̨ϵǼչÿֻʮƷʯܹõǧһٶʮƷʯӽÿµõĸ鼫Ʒʯ
꽫ؿڵǸǻժǸ꣬ǻմϣȻоƬʹԪռ뿪
ӷɳ㿴վſڵ硣ж͸⣬Сֵĵλ֪ȴûȥ֤ܼԭͬʱҲһ𾴡
һһܹվſڵȴԼֵó𾴡翴˳꣬˵ǰ⼸Ҿˡ
˵ɣ
΢Цŵͷ߽ڶѾӭ


791
㣬дһ磬ȥ
Ŷ
ʱǶԳ껰ȫӣʮ˳ΪƵҩȻͻƵ˲㡣һʱ֮佫Ϊ
뵽ķ󣬴үһӵʱˣ˵㣬ȥһ¡
ţ
ɳҴҵŷȥĶ£㿪ʵˣ
ţͷҪָԭ۷״̬Ҫʮʱ䡣磬£
꣬ĵһĿǸл
ڰֵС£Ͼһš
ͷڶǸСǿСѾҺݺݵؽѵһ١̰ϴ
ٴΰֵˣҲϲ˴š
Ǿˣ
ˬ쵹óʮ֮ͣһǢ˲١ʱȻע⵽˳ǰǻգɫԵһָųǰǻյ꣬ǻĻǼٵģ
ЦҲмٵ𣿡
ûУҡͷÿ˵ĵȼѪǶм¼ŪǻҲûá
㻹ʣ귭һۡ
ⲻ̫Ծ𣿡ҲЩЩƵŶðż°ɣʮˣ֪˶òŻһ𣿸ʮ꣬ʮ֪꣬𣿡
ʼ磬˫һ̯ʱӷԲһЦͳסһȻһֱǳȥûнӴΣȴӼ޵ĽӴиоԲֹǼô򵥡
ܹԵ˵֪һҩʦһһܸ߼ҩʦƾһݾͲ򵥡ټڻ԰һΣȻǻ԰Ūˣܴľ»ָȴ𾪳ǿоҲûôǿԸܹܹõ͸ҩܹõָ㣬Ǿһɳˡ
˽Ų綼תͷ˹ȥ۾һȫָˣ
ţ
ϸĵصͷȻųʩһллʦ֡
˰ֵȥϴϴɣôûϴ裬㶼̲ס˰ɣ
һ죬Ĳԡȥ
ŮʧԡУɫܹ֪꣬ʵ𣿡
Ǿżڣ국˵
˰ֲǻյȼᵽ˿죡
ȻץץԴҲ԰ӵǾżڵʵҪɱôҲܰҪ֪ҪɱԼҪ޲ôףʵµޣԼǿޣ㾿ôģ
꺬Ц絹Ҳû׷ʵ˼ܿɫֱ֪꣬ѾǺһˣҪ뿪Ѫǣȥ翴֪ҴСѪǣһжİ
ͷӦȥ濴ܾʡ
ǡֳһ˿ɬ뿪ѪǣСϵЩ˾͸ӵȥˡܲ뿪Ѫ֮ΪСֵ졣
ɫһ㶣̶ϵҡͷܡ
ⲻǿЦ𣿳겢ԸģǱǿɵġΨһһĿľ뿪ôȥչ˱ˣ
̾ϢһҲԤϳ겻Ӧһסĵط˼ôȥչСЩǵˣ
˵ˡ
ҲǾżڵʵ˵ò˶þͻƵ˺ǼԳҲһǰеľӵϣᵹʱչ˱ˡ
粻̾ϢһСϵʵΣҲôǣҡ
΢΢üͷ磬ҲûмСϵߣǵʵܵ𣿡
ţֳһ˿գ󲿷ֶ񼶡ͫ١
ô᣿
ġСЩܹȥԵ߶ˣΪʵҲ
ٴüͷҲӦ񼶰ҲӦǱͫɣ
ʵҪСûʲôҩõĸɱ޳ۻʯҪСֵˣŮ˺ͺӡҩʮְʣµĲǹ˵ҩҲ˶١ÿÿƿ˵ҩСϵʵҲˡ
˵۾Źų꣬ȻܹȻӦһҩʦɣ
ţͷҸҩ
粻˼شŴֵ֪꣬ҩҪҩ˺ܶ࣬Щ˳ȥɱ޵ʱҲ˳ɼҩûʲôرġ
Ц˼Ҹǰҩ
͸ˣ˵֪ҩʦҩļ۸ܹ󣬵ĸ𡣡
ˣ˰ֵϢ춼뿪ȥҫɭ֣ԼһҵʱһµʱǾܵҩİɡ㣬һ֮󣬻ЩҩƳҩʱ֪ͨȡ
ģ缤ųꡣ
ţͷҲƼΣҺܿͻͻƵǼ뿪
ų꣬꣬ͻƺǼô򵥵ģֺܶһӿ
ЦЦûͻƺǼԱҲѣǳŶԼ˵ʲô⡣
ûжһ뿪ˣżȥ֪ͨңԺȥԵʱ򣬰ѲɼҩһҪͬʱҲߴң꽫ΪҩԺԳҪʾ㹻𾴡


792
ǳŮһԵģ˳ԵúСģʱ͵͵سųꡣ̲סˣʵܿҸ
Ůɫһ죬һҡɴ˿ӣӿӱŮˡ
ͻȻվٴγųʦ֣ܹûбı£ֻܹΪʦִɨ䣬ϴ
꽫Ŀ㣬һشҲ
һ£뵽ҲȴҪɨÿλǻҳԼҲ
°ɣ
ǣʦ֣
Ů˲˿ĵֿԹԵϣε˳ꡣ
ǿ
Ү
Ů˻ֵıһ𣬳ҡҡͷҲ˶á
Ůɫһ˵ͻ˺ǼҾͻ뿪ʱ䲻̫á
Ů˵ֳ΢Це뷨һǼôͻƵģھǾż۷壬Ҳڼھܹͻơȴûȥе뷨ȻŮΪԼԼҲܹǣʱһҩˡ
ʱ䲻ᳬһ꣬Ҳֻһʱ䡣
ŮסˣǱ˵Ļǵ磬ǶЦųԷ
ΪǼǴײ
ͻƾͻƣһꣿ
ǳȴһֲòεĸоָо֪Ϊʲôоų˵Ļ
һЩҩһͺúɣϣ뿪ʱܹѪĻʵ
䣬뿪ˡ
һۣȻһǰսȭͷͬͣ
ߵ¥ϵĳǸֳһ˿Цݣ뵽󣬳˯һһҹȻʵһЩҩֱ𽻸㣬ȻǹһЩҩƱ档Ȼ뿪Ѫǡ
º
ϥգüͷѾǰʹﵽǾż۷壬ʱȴûͻƵǼ
ûͻƲҪҪоôȥһҲͻƵǼоƺԣԼڵʱ״Ƕ򣬿һҲͻƵ㡣
о
ҲȷķһҲͻƲǼ
ѵȱҪȥսһ
û취֮Ψлصҫɭ֣ʮʱ䣬ɱһʮͷǼ޻صѪǡ
Ǹ̨ԶԶؾͿ˳̧꣬кʦ֣
һкھһʱѾ˳ȥ̫ˣֽӴ˳꣬˽˵š
µʱһһǵ߶һӾʹܵʮߣ˭Ű
ǸȴһɶƵͷǳ겻ûһһӴܵʮߣȻϲԼͷǱܵȴÿ춼ʱŴſȥ˷ܵؽ˳ȥ
ǡ
˭Ű
ԼٶȴѪǣҶһЦ෹͵Ц˵һ˵ÿǰ޵ʱ򣬶ԸǸΪܹʱسЦ䡣
ǸʮֵŭÿնųʵϹЩ˵۾
ԴʱһɤӺһ˵Ŀⶼৡؾ۽ڳϣóһ㶣֪ʲô
ĿǸȥǸĹ̨ǰųĶ飬ٲһ̨ǰٵĶȥ
ʦ֣ʦ֣һǸ꼱ˣţ֣Ǻ
Щ֣뵽ǸԼĽӴ˹ȥԭǸ̨ǰ߼˹׷˿Ŀⶼųǰǻտ˹ȥ
ȻʮߣЩһѵһжģܹ۶ޡ
кܲ죬ЩΪʲô߹׼Ŷӵʱһÿһֱߵǰͷòһ˵лл
ʱǸκ˶ţγ۵ֻмͷԺÿ춼Ҫ˳Ц֪ٴΡԳոߵ̨ǰͽŵʵʦ֣λһӳһʮͷްɣ
ţͷЩĪ
Ү
ڹ̨ȭͷڿ趯һ£ȻƵЩ߿һۣóӵĪСǲǵʲô
ȡԼоƬǸװ޵ĴԪռڿ̨ϡǸԪ￴ռ䣬ʾϿһۣϵЦݸʢȻóһյĴԪռ䣬ԪռԽһ𣬽޵ʬת֮󣬱㽫оƬڵϣ˫ѸٵڼžѸٵûоԼٶ˺ܶࡣ
Ѹٵؽһ֮󣬽Ԫռ䣬оƬһʮߵǻշڹ̨ϣȻܹʦ֣γһʮͷǼޣüͷһ鼫Ʒʯܹõһʮ鼫ƷʯҴӱĸΪÿٿ鼫Ʒʯʮǻա
Źֵؿһۣаôʲô
Χ߿ųˣû˻Ǹ꣬٣ȷʵһӴһʮ߳ΪһʮߡƤӵɵġһĿ𾴡
ϾʵΪģѪǸˣ


793
Īػص˱һžͼһɨвЩŮ˾Ȼ˱ͫȻֻǱͫһ
Ҳ̫ˣǸֻҪ㹻ҩܹܿس嵽ͫ
죬ŮӼͬʱ۾Ѹٵչͬһʱ˷ţͬʱʦ֣
ţ
ЩĲɵصͷ¥ȥһֱûҵͻƵİ취Щ꣬ĬĬ¥ϴ裬ȻʹڷɳϡһֱȵԷ¥ϣ˼سš
ʦ֣
ţ
׺ۿԹˣ
Ŷ
϶һ׺һۡ
Ծر˴˿һۡ
ʦ֣
ţ
ʲô鷳
ţ˺Ǽǰ
Ŷ
Ů˴סˡ
͵Ǿż۷ˣǡʦͨͻƺǼķ˵ͻƾͻˣ
ܾ˶ڲǰû˳ԷǱסˣǴڿ˼ڤС
죬ѣĿͻȻһʦ֣
ţ
ǺǼߣв׵ĵطȥ
۾һȻӳ˼˹԰粻ǺǼȥͻƵĺǼ
ڵһվŴȥߵſڵʱת˻
㣬罫ҩ𣿡
ţ
վΣȡһԪռݸ˳ꡣӹһǲ١ʵȥ
ŽЩҩƳҩȥ̣ҲһʵңŹϣȻʹְ豸ȫʼҩʱ䣬꽫еĲҩƳǧƿҩȻ뿪˱ҲҪȥһСȥ
һ뵽С֣˿˳ˣһӭ˹Ǵ˶ΧߴߴûмꡣҲں֣ǿʵأ
˲ע֣꣬ǿע⡣ǸΪҩ֣ǿԳ굹ʮֿرǿǰʮǻգԳĿ𾴡
ȥˡ˼ͻ
Ŷ
΢΢üͷǵȥһ˰ɣ
䣬֣ǿǣ֣ǿҲû˵ʵ겻Щʲô𡣵Ǹ˿ය졣ǣ㻹ڵڶͷ˱
ȴϢȥȥˡú÷һ£Ϊº˵ĻܹһֱʵϢҲʮҪ
ûڵɳԴѪûкúù͹Ѫǡȥ˲ٵطڵصõ˷ɡ
ǣҲûйȥá죬á˿Щҩװ˴Ԫռڵݸ硣ȡһƿ򿪸ţϾֳ֮ɫ
꣬ҩƷ̫ˣ㾿Ǽȵҩʦ
Ʒҩʦ΢Ц˵
𾪵˵˲ţŶ͵ҩʦʣ𣿡
ҡҡͷûôأҩʦǱҵǱջͬһȲ˵Щи̡
˵罫Ԫռˬ˵
ҵʵѾﵽǺ۷壬ȴҪͻƵǼƺҪһ·»һӿؿܹͻƵľ齫𣿡
֮ϲֳ˿ɬ꣬ͻƵǼȫһżȻûʲô˵ҲΪʲôͻ˺ܾõĺǼڻǺһԭҲ뿪ѪǣعţȥͻƵǼ֮Ӧ
㾿ôͻƺǼģ굹ûл磬ĳܹо
ϳ˿ЦõɫʱҿǾż۷ѾĿǰ״һҲͻƵĵ·һγȥУżȻһֻǼһޣұһ¡ȻˣȴϡͿؾͻƵ˺Ǽ
ʼһ㶣̶ҲĿЦáѵԼȥһԼޣԼһƣ
ҪͻҲãûͻƣһأ
ҡҡͷһʱ֮ЩãҲЩãΪʱȻͻƵ˺Ǽȴǲ֪ȥ˵ͻһͣΡ˴ʱã֮Уһʱ֮䣬֮ھġ
֪˶ãЩε˵ҲӦúúϢһʱ䣬˵߲ܹһֱӰٶȡҲϢһʱ䣬򡣡
۾һ˵ģ
ţصͷ
Ӧû˵ĻһеҾΪСЩˣһֱûͣÿ춼ʮֿ̿ࡣ˵Ϣһʱ䣬Ҳܹ򡣳꣬ӽһϢ
ãȻͷ㲻ס
ã˵˵Ҳһ
ֻǳһ죬˾Ͷоģɳϣ۵Сۡһ̿£ǱɱǶܡ
ꡣ
ţ
ǲӦҵ¶ʵ̫ˡ
ʲô¶ҪϢ˵
Ϣֻǲȥǲܹ°ǻ취ҵ¶ɣƵ˵


794
꿴һķŵҪ
ûʲô˼üͷ˵
˵ɳϡ
ʹüͷ˼ţͻȻһĴȵȥòã
ʲô۾޾ɵ˵
絹ǷһľСֵİ˰ٶ߼úѵǡ
Ҳûʲô˼˵
ӣҲš
Уָ㵱Ҳ֪ʲô˼ҪǰСӵΪȻܹ뿪Ѫǣš
ٺ١粻˼ץץԴʹ컰ﲻæɣ
ɳϵ˵˵Ƕʲôʵɣ
ţܹȥа˰ʮһˡʵٶʮˣͫһһʮˣǼʮˡǼжʮһˣǼ߾һ
Щ˶ûдﵽʵ׶ε۷ɣ
ûУЩ졣
ҰҰ졣
һٶС
ͣס㲻ɣ
ҲŰ
ѵ˰ٶ㻹пУ꾪ȵ硣
ֲһѵ˰ٶˣСֵ˻óԷɣԴ󲿷˻óȥԣִֻܹεѵ
΢΢üͷ˼ԼҪҪд½ҲһϾԼд½Щ̫˵ƹ¡ȻѾͨӥᣬһҲܹһԼСЩߵʵȥӦܹӵǵҳϡϾԼ൱ڸһ·ȵͻƵǼصҲԼһ
˵ЩΪҲûжٻѣȨһӣǷܹջˡӦܹҳϣֻһҲ㹻ˡҪǸԼҵĻзˡ
¶˾ĵĳ۾ҲҪãûСС֡
ʱҲϣƿ˳Ļɺ߹Աš
ôСС֣粻Ըˣģܴ˺òã
ӵؿҲ类꿴Щŭ꣬Ҫ
㲻ҵĶ֣국˵
ЦһЦӵؿų˵ֻǼòãǺǼòã
УĺǼҶ֪ɱ˶ٸȼߵĺǼ֪ɱ˶ٸ
翴ų꣬оɫѣôҲš
ļٵģ
ֵȼһͽսƲƲ˵ʮҪշˣƾŸôвͨҪչʵɾػܣܹоη֮ġ
統Ȼ
˰ֵҰѻ˵
ã˵˵
ҵ˼ѵ˰ٶˣЩ˶ҫɭȥһһɱޡ
Уҡͷѵ²Ǽʱɣ
ȻǼ죡ʱܹһЩͫϵ߾ͲˣʲôʱЩ߶ͫʲôʱ
СʣµЩ˻ö񿴰׳һؿųꡣ
ǲ԰
ʯ
Ҹ
һӾ׼ѵ೤ʱ䣿
°˼ҪЩ߶ͫôҲ°ɣ
£ˣ¾ٶͫ
𣿡޹硣
Ѳ˵֪ˣָ
귭һ۵Ҿ͸Ҫʣһ¾ͻƵͫˡ
㡭ָųⲻˣṩҩòáĻҩǸ˶ܹں̵ܶʱͻƵͫ
Ǿҩֵ˵

Ҹ
һ죬˵ļٵģ
˵أӵؿ
ѵһĭСֵЩʶԣ
ţ
ǰ˰ٶҩ
ţ
ÿ춼
ţ
Ҫµʱ䡣
ţ
ṩСİٶʳķѵʯҲҪʮƷʯ
ʮƷʯ𣿡
糯ų˴ĴָǸ˼˵Ȼּ˵˰ʮһˣÿÿһ֧ҩǰ˰ʮһ֧ʮǽ֧ҩҩʦͲҸһ֧ҩļ۸˰ɣôʯ
һ۵㶼˵ҩʦˣһȥҩ𣿡
۾һ԰ԼҩʦȥҩֻҩǻѲ˶ʯġȻЩʯԼ˵ǸĿǶڳ˵ëë갡
˵Ķģ˾
ϻߣ䣬ʹɳȥ
ߣҲʵȥҸط绹Ϊ̸ˣҪ²ظվ
ûʱ㣡ͷҲص˵ȥҫɭٺڳȥչҩȥ
ҲȥҴҵܽ滻·
ߵ˳ĸǰ´ų꣬ôΪʲô
꿴һۣȻǰһȦҪҵսȻǲǸҴһƬĽ

ֺֺЦ˳һţһ˹ȥ˹Ц


795
ܿ죬Ů˾ʹϴӷȻʹ˿ʼѪɨ磬ʶʲô
һҩڣָһҩĵ֣򣡡
һʱ䣬ɨɣĸֻص˳ıҲһͷʵңó豸Ȼȫһƿҩ
ȥСһˣ֣ǿ֪ͨЩСӣǻصСֵСӶ׼뿪СڵţشȻͻص˱ÿڴڵɳϣ۾ʵҵĴš
һγ껨˲ٵʱ䣬˶ʮŴʵڳʮʱ䲻ƳƿҩҲͣȫľﵽ൱ߵϵһ۷塣
һ˳һߴɳųڴʵˣ
ţͷϢһ죬ȥСϵЩǲǶǾ뿪Ѫǣǰҫɭּѵ
ãҲһʮָɴˣת뿪˱
һ¥ߣһ߶˵Ҳ׼һ£һȥѵ
ǣʦ֣˸߲ҵȥʰȥˡ
ڶ졣
С֣ѾСֵ˵һ飬Щ߼ˡΪˣΪÿÿ춼ṩһƿҩεʱ򶼲Ĵ
ǶԴ̬ȾͲͬˣһҪж顣ǳȴƽȲ䵭Ҳ飬ÿ߶ϸоѹ
ΪܹǵпЩ߶ֻимȴû𾴡ǵпֻǸмΪṩҩΪѵǵʸǵлΪѵǵĽ겻൱һڵĽɫ
ԣ֪Լĸмˡ
𾴣Ͳˣ
ҲǳΪʲôһֱûкдԵʣҪЩ˵ǰЩеľ֧֪ѵǵǳ꣬ǵ硣
Ųȥֻȴò˿ô顣ӳСϵһ̣û˿˿档磬غһЩţЩߡǰ磬ӦˣҪ˷ʱ䡣
䣬תʹСȥһ£Ҳûзԣһˣ
˰ٶ߱һһߴյǰ磬ʲôȻ硣㿴ǲǸһѵʵһ
죡ȵ
ǣûеȵ£ε˻ʵ̫ˣ綼ûзӦĺ󱳾ͺݺݵײǸߵǰء
顭
Ǹߵξ͵˳ȥײߣ˵ϡͷҲصؼǰȥÿߵͷϻص
Ӵ˿ҾǵĽҪľǷӣٷӡǲԸӣھͿ˳ûȤǣ
ΧվһͣҲܲÿĽŲɲͣǰţȴǲһΣǿսֻҪӮң̷ҩǣȻ뿪
İ˰ٶȻһʢıӰһ˫˫۾ͬĿǱײɵǸҲӵҧضųıӰûǶһҪҫɭ֮úýѵһٳꡣ
ֻţǸСӵֳЦǿǼʶʵȻȫʵ˼ǰϵǸʮǻǰ
û˵˰ٶ˵ĶʮֳĬ߳С֮󣬳곯֣˹ʦ֣ʲô£
ĵ
ʦָ
˰ٶ˳ŵ˳ſڣ˳֮󣬳ſзȥһ߷ȻҪꡣ
ֳһ˿Ц⣬һ٣ĳѾǼż۷壬˰ٶУ΢ѷ֮⣬˭ܹٶϳꡣͲþܹȵѹЩߡ
ɵǰͳ겢У˶ûóȫ٣Ϊһóȫ٣˲ͰѺЩ˦ûӰˡ˶ٶȲСֻɫЩѿ
ΪԽΪԥسֽѵǸߡ

Ҳֵܡѵֵܣһ˿ŭǿųΪṩҩķϣͺͳ귭
국ؿһ۵ô
ߣһ
Ҫһҫɭ֣дһ£
ã
ƢҲˣʱ˵һоͿԻбһɾһһҪúýѵһ³֪꣬ǼͺǼ֮Ĳ³һǾż۷壬ںǼǰҲֻаܡ
ľչѰһʵѵص㡣ܿ׽ʮ֮һɽȣת˷Ǹɽȷȥ
ЩߴʱжԳ΢Щ̶ľʹˣȴ׷ϳ꣬ҳ·ûôʹɵǰУʱغ罻ʲô
ڿжסЩҲͣסΣ˳ųĿ·ȥ·һɽȣɽһȺçţȺçţͷǼͷǼʮͷͫͰʮͷ񼶣һЩçţǳѡһʵɽȣתͷǰ˰ٶ˵ȥЩçţˣ


796
Щ߶ûжǽĿ磬һжܲаƾʲôģġ
ûе˵ֵ𣺡һ涢ǣǱֲõģ۳ҩǾͿű˷ҩɣ
ǰ˰ٶʿɫһʱв׹Ȼֻ൱ںڲݣȴܹ꣬ҲĲ¡Ҫõҩͱӳõ˳꣬ͱӳõһ֧ҩ
ʱﻹԥȻвޣһ·ɽеçţɱ˹ȥеĲȫйçţȺϡ
ܵʵЩ߶ЩçţֻǲСʱʱ䣬ɽеçţͱա
ӿн䣬곯֣ɿܵ˳ǰ
ʦ֣
ȡһЩҩ˵ϵЩҩȥÿһ֧
ǣʦ֣
Ů˷ܵؿʼҩǿ˵ҩȥ̷ʳ˹ϢҸһʱʱ䡣һʱ֮ҪһǵʵȻҲԳŻҡ
䣬ɽڵһʯȥ꣬
ͷҲûеҡҡֵҼǵʵٺҺʧȥҳֵ
ŭˣ
ŭˣ
˰ٶߵзŭ㣬̫ˡһĿһصų꣬ŭܹɻ棬Ѿճ촷ۡ
ʯԣһݷʯ֮ϣЦе߹Ե꣬Ҳ̫ܹˣ
ǵĳ𣿡ûпѹͣɽÿ߶ϵĳ𣿡
㡭
ֺֺЦָų꣬ȴ˵ʲôʱҲ֪Ҫ˵Ǳһдʱܹ֪ÿʵ
ǣЩ߲֪ʱľǳȥѳڵأȻһȥȣ
ȣȣȣ
ַŭ£һ̷ʳҩʼ˹ϢֻҩһڣЩߵоһ
ǲûкȹҩȴûкȹôõҩȵԪһƽԼȫľ֮ϡ
ʱѾʯ֮ϣҧһݣ˫Ժ۾Ҳʯϣ۾
ɽ˽ŲһȺŲһȺŲʯǰͣ۾ǴһȻŴʯĿվԼǰİ˰ʮߡ
ʱҲԱߵĳ꣬ҪδųһЩд裬ѵԳʵһ񵥶д裿
ûеȵ˵˽һЩʵţǰʦ֣㿴Сܲܲд裿
꿴ţһЦˣ
ţҲƤ񣺡㵥д϶Ķ֣һһ
У국صͷ
ţ¶˼թЦݵ˵ĿɲСӺһ˺һ
Уɵصͷ
ţоһشҲ̫ˣѵܹһ˴򵽰˰ٶˣ
絹û˿ľȣǼʵܹͬһ˻ǰİ˰ٶˡԳǾż۷ʵҲӦûʲô⣬ֻĵʱ䳤̰ˣ
ŭˣ
Щ߸ոЩƽŭȼһĵǰ˰ٶ˾һһĭҲܹ
׼𣿡
˲֪ţ֧ȴ̽
ðɣ˵Ϳʼ֣ϣ׼ʱҪҽڡ
һ


ʯ󲽵ǰȥڶǰľţʱ˹ֵ̺ǣϰ
䡭
ŭİ˰ٶͬһųӿ˹۾һ˫絶ʮʽˮն˳ȥ
ʱ䣬ǰ˰ʮߵĸоУѾʧˣԵĲǳ꣬һƬһˣѹ˹
ʯϵĿͷ˱仯ҰУʱɾڶײһɾɰ˰ʮɣһɳһ˷һ˷ĺȴԶԶشǰ˰ٶγɵĺ
䡭
ɺײһ𣬳ͦ壬ǰ˰ٶеһѾ˳ȥ
顭
̤ǰһˮĵ
顭
겻ͣǰ˫絶޼ʣֻʮ˵ΧѾûվˣ˵š
תʯϵ磬һǳУȵ
䡭
Ʊ˳ǳ֮ڷϵЩ̴ӵϷȥֳ˺Ȼ֮ɫһȫǸܵǵѹȫܹܵġɽһ˫˫Ŀʯ֮ϵ硣
һ̣ҲܹоͷųƾǾż۷壬ȴһָо
Σգ
Σգ
飡
ʯһ󽣡һɢͬһ˼䡣

ڵǳ֮ųǳ֮У˹ȥеǳһƬ
飡
Ҳų˹˻ʮ׵ľ룬˫ƾѾײһ𷢳˺֮
ȣ
һնһɽĵһʽֻƾһܹ硣ǳ֮˲óһ˺ǶʱĳҲӲ˹


797
粻ܶܣһǼȥһǼ⻹վڰ˰ٶߵĸǰ
䡭
һһײһֻһɴ˳ųֱۡ
ॡ
Ǳ󽣶ֶɣһ·ˣһʮһƨ˵ϣͨ졣
ɽȾģû뵽ǵżȻһлܡû뵽ԼܣҰܵס˳˵Ļ
ĺǼҲ֪ɱ˶٣ǿĺǼɱ˲֪٣
ӵӵŶĳ꣬ɱһǿĺǼ
ǳ˵Щһȥ֪ˡ
ˣֵѾȹҩˣҸ˵˵
䣬ʯ֮ϣϥǰ˰ٶߴʱлûдӾѳһԣųΧ˹Ҳվʯ·Ҫ꾿˵Щʲô
·߽ؽע˵һߵʵ档һľ磬һʵ
˵ˣ⾳粻ʹʵ𣿾ԽߣʵҲԽǿ⻹˵
ԣ
˵ȷ
ߵɫһ㶣ԭΪҲǳṩҩҫɭѰһطʳҩÿͻһΣֱҫɭͨɱ硣
һֱôģָ㡣
ǸղųټҲĲɵġһаǣ磬ѵܹ
̸ƽʱѾָˣѵ㽲Ļʲôͬ
ǣĻǶһ㶡вֳ˲֮ɫ
粻ʹʵʲô
Ŀɨˣ˵ɫȫС
ǰɣ국˵
ȻûɫȴǷǵ˼
ҿԸߴңҵʵǾż۷塣һܹ֤
˵ϲһĿ¶һ˿𾴡ϾʵΪġֻǻЩţ㽫Ŀ硣ͷǾż۷塣
İƣߵע˹ǺһʵҶ֪ɣ
ߵͷ
ǣһǼôܵһǼߣ
ڵһͺҲ˼ĻһָоܹŪ׳ĻԼսһһʱҲ˼
ǰ
ʵǲ磬Ϊʲô˼һжӲס
ţתת֪
˵ؿţ
ΪĵĽǿʤʽ
ͷ㻹Ϊ绹ζʵ԰ɣ
ǣţͷ
ĿɨߵҲôΪģ
ǣһͷ
꽫ĿҲôΪģ
΢΢üͷ˼ţû̻شһıͬվʦǰ˼ѧڲ֪ѾԼ֪λϣǵĺͳһ𵱽ҡҡͷҲ֪
ã
ʯ˵ҾͲʽʵʵڵضһȭ
ã
Ҳ¶ҲΪղӮ˵ϣҲˣóһȦӡͳԶ
飡
˲ҪУֻ˫һȻԳȭֻȭͷݺݵײһӱ㲻סغˣģһƨ˵ϡΧ߶һƬͣȫǰ顣
ǳ֮ǽǳ֮ҲﲻЧǳ֮ǿԽףǰܹһԽףȫǳ֮Ĺͣھڱʮֹ⻬ǳ֮û谭ԭ
Ϊԭ򣬲ܹóǳ֮ڼûĵس⣬չ
ô
شӵǰ˰ٶߴʱҲ۾ꡣһʯʵ˵ҲԣϾߵԶȾ͵Ĵ󡣵ΪʲôܹܾҸߵ磿
ߵ϶¶ã֮ɫųҡͷʱǵҲûвеֻе֪Ҳ⡣
ǾΪʽ˴󡣡
ɫһ䣬ֳ˻֮ɫ֪ѪǶѵѪǵ߶ˣ
Ƕһ⣬ܹ⣬ôҸղ˵ͶܹٶȻսһٵṩ
Ǻʲô⣿̲סʵ
ǵľڱֲ̫ڣһʱԪеٶȺͬսʱҲˡҲ˵ٶȺսʵҲϵĲ㵽֮䡣
ЩԻų꣬ǻǵһ˵
Ǹ
ʯһͱȥͱڵĸǰͱһĨʯɣͱڱĨƽһ飬ȻָͱϻߣȻָߵͺñڵľڴͨʱųܶʣǻЩŲǾھڱ֮ϡ
˵ָڵһЩۼڵԪͺñͺñǵ··ϿӿݣȻӰٶȣԪһġֱӰٶȺսô˵𣿡
ɫȻɫ˾塣
ҪνʱҲķڷʵ


798
ҪԪھڱϵٴų⡣
缱ȵʵܹڸ𣿡
ЦҲڸǣʲô

ҶĵЦȴɫһӴ˿ҿʼڸ֮û֮ˣӽ𲻻ַҩҲ˷ѣֻѧ֮˲ſÿ쵽һ֧ҩ
ߵɫһݣʱǿɲٶԳ˿Թԡĸм
ҩͲ˵ˣֻҪǮܹ򵽡ǹͬǮܹ򵽵ģر
ʵ˵꿪˵һԵԪҪúÿֻλᣬλڻûͿԻСˡٽˡ
仰һڣе߶Ҳ⡣
磬
꽫еǰϥڵϡ˫ԣ꿪˵Ԫ
̿ʼƽʱһԪ˫ԼԪ뵽Ԫ֮УȻԪʼнһЩš
ʱѾ˺ܴĽѾԪͲ֮ȻںϳһµֹֻûƣЧҲʹﵽˮƽ
ȻֹڸҲûãûоҲûв֮ԳֻѾʮƵԪڸǡ
Լһӵʱ䣬˫Ʒ룬̶Կʼ
꽫ĿЩߵźλãһһڸǡ
ʮʱ佫Ĺڸÿˣʮ촫֮󣬷һһٶˡһٶûߡ㿪ʼڶֶһٶ˿ʼڡ
֮󣬽һٶִһߣȥұٶˣΪ׵ľ硣˷ܵ˵꣬ǶѾ
ã˵˵Ǿͷҩʼ

е߶һԵؽδµҩַȥÿֻܹһ֧ҪÿͳȥһΣܹʼʹڵԪţͻӴѡ
Щ߻ţǰճҪȥ֮󣬲ŷֹȻٶȱӿ˲١ⲻЩжԳӵ
ȻûȥҲûáЩĵһ쿪ʼͳȥˡ
ɽ
߸ոϣֳϲЦݡ
СգͻƵͫˡ
УһͻƵͫĺòã˰ٶѾû񼶱ˡ
˵γʦֻɱǼްϴȻɱһֻ߼ޣǲ֪ôġǾż۷𣿡
ǳʦһĵ˵ֵǳʦԼˡ˵ʦֻʽԳʦǾż۷ʵҲֻܹʽʹΣڵԪͻᱻաֵ
䡭
һ
Ҫˣ
ɽڵʿ׷վɽڴľȥ
ꡭ
һգһϵˮŶֻ߼ޡ
ꡭ
һ磬ڿ˺˿ռ䡣Ȼһ
꣬Сģ
һԵʧһݣֻ޹˹ȥ걾ܵظоΣգͬʱһҲն˳ȥһֱʩչʽ
һֱûиʹʽһֻ߼ޣؽֻ˺࣬Ÿʩչʽʽնɱ߼ޣᱻɱ
ʵҪСʱʱܹɱһ߼ޡһҲֻкԳҲͨڲϵź߼ޡ
嵽һͻȻ̶סΣȻź󷽷ˡ֪Լʵȥղûа취ܲܿųȥ
صԭĵطųֻȥ΢΢üͷȻ֧֣Բ״̬ԭ鶯ΣЩأϵرޱˡ
ôˣ粻ս˳׼ʱȥ
ԼһӵʱȥľԽԽΣաɫý
ͻȻ
귢һХеǳն˳ȥһۣһ˲ĸо·ӳǳڳһ硣
䡭
ܼžֻбע۾ڳĶ棬ֻ߼Ѿ롣
㡭
级Ȼʱ򣬳ȴһΣһƨ˵ϡ̳˹ȥһӣֻȻǳѸٵ뿪
Ѿһˡÿγնɱһֻ߼֮󣬶Ԫľо˲ͬɵһֻ߼޾ûôɴࡣ
ѵ
һ𣺡꣬ǲǴĵʽ
ţſĺ˵
ĬȻһѾ𾪵ľˡһǾż۷ȴܹնɱ߼ޣҪ˵ȥ˭Ű
ȴƫƫֹһεؿ
̾Ϣһ
̾Ϣʲô
λȥܹΪʮˡһ̥ЩƵ˵


799
ҲЩƣʲôãˣҲûҵͻƺǼ·ʲôʱܹͻư
˵£˶ĬĲ
ಡ
米ųһɽȻѳ˶ȡ˸ˬ·ϣȻȡҩ£ʼָǳ֮
Сʱ󣬳״ָ̬۷壬۾磬ѾнûˣҲûҿǻȥɣ
ȥܹɫЩɥ
ȥѪǵͼݿҲʲô˼˵
ҡͷȥûҵ
ȥ
Ҳʲô֣ϾҪǿܶࡣ۾Ҳ
ɣҲû˿İա
ʱѾͣˣ߳ɽɽȵķȥصɽȣһҲõͻƣǳǰ
˱ֺѪǷȥѪֺȥµʱ䣬Ҷɱ˲ޣ
꽻ǰʮǻգȻ߸¥ϵͼȥǴŰ˰ٶСȥ
Щߴʱ֪ٵ⣬ţոĸǰʵûҵ취
ûУȻҡҡͷ
ţͷһʦȥ
ȥͼˣ˵
ţ۾һ˵ʦܹͼҵķ򡣡
Ըɣвûжϣ
ͼڿʼһ飬ķʮʱҲûҵͻƵǼ鼮в̾һд½εҲǹġӦа취
΢˼һ£ͼʹݵĹԱǰӡǸԱĿ̧ųʵʲô£
ûͻƺǼķ
С
¶˹Ȼ˵ɫǲҪѲܹ
ǣ
ǸԱҲ¶Цݣ˼ǰһͻƾķͻΪʲôûҵǳȴһӾҵ˹ؼУôʹﵽͻƺǼĹؿŰ
۸񣡡국˵ǲںǮӵаϵʯһǼƷʯ
һڼƷʯ
ǸԱϷŰؿǰÿ۸ʱЩҪɥǣҪסһڼƷʯͲһܹóġһҲûһܹóȻѪҲֹͻƾ磬ǻһԣǾ߿ȥͻƵķȴҪԺһڼƷʯ壬ܹ뿪ѪǣѪ¸ֵһַ
ǣǸԱ𾪵ǣǰһļһﾹȻ赭дȡһͨÿϵɣ
ļٵģ
ǸԱͨÿԵģһʱŴʹһֱȵ겻ͷûŷӦ˹
ˣ
һڿˮԱæҵؿʼܿתһڼƷʯȻͨÿ˳ꡣԱһűչĸǰ򿪱չȡһСӵݸ˳꣬ȻָԱߵӵֻܹ￴ܹߡȻԸ⿴þͿã쿴꣬컹
ţͷֽӹǸӣȥͻȻͷʵͲҰֹȥȥ
͡ǸԱЦ㻨һڼƷʯ򵽵ģҲ˽شȥ
ͷ⵹ǡҿ
׼ʯԱЦˣûˣ𣿡
Ѱ˼һµ˻ɣѵǰĿǼһӣ
ﻹһõͻƺǼĹȸ߱ڽһڼƷʯܹ뿪ѪǡԣǳǮĹǷѪǣѪҲˡ
ˣҲԭΪѪŹزѧĹڸˡ֪ԵɣԷĵؽǼڸˡ
ϣСһҳһҳطţӺܱ꿴úǼʹˣڰСʱ󣬳ҲˡȻͺĿϡ
ԭ
ҪͻƺǼõڵԪҪѨ֮ڵԪҪѨ֮ϵһž߱Ǽϵ
꽫ӻ˹Ա뿪ͼԼıȥ뵽֮ڣ㿴Ѿɨøɸɾʱڳڴɳһ硣
ųʵҵˣ
ţͷ
һӴɳɣ
ɳʵ㲻֪ͼݿԸѵõͻƵķ𣿡
ʱѾųȥһ߱㻨һڼƷʯԡ
˵ҡҡͷӦǺѪǴ˵ڶȿȻɱ޻Ƿµ
ȻųԹ꣬ôһ£㲻֪һڼƷʯһʲôһӶҪѪǴˡ
һ㶼֪ʵ
Ȼ֪ɴ˵
ΪʲôңЩ
Ǯ𣿡صų꣺ԸһѪǣ
ô֪ûǮֺֺЦ˵ʱҲ˼ҲûȥֶԷ
ȴþûʱͣ͵ؿųꡣΪԼһ裬غš


800
죬Сأʵ㡭һڼƷʯ˷
ţνصͷ
㡭˵ģ
ţֳһ˿ͷ
ôôǮһ
귭һ۵ҩʦ
Ŷ
ȻִˣֲŷӦ˹ɫӵڴʵǡܲܽң
û⣬һ
ಣ
һӾʹӶܵ˳ߣһס˳겱ӵֵܣˣҾ͸ڣԺҾ͸ˡ
㲻СϵЩˣֵ
ˣˬ˵ǶкܴĽѾ߼Ӧܹ⡣ҸڣЩȲˣ
ǺðɣǼ֮ǰȸСֵһЩҩ
ɫһ㶣ȻĳļСֵ˶ס㣬Ժڵϴ󣬷ͻƵǼ뿪Ѫǵߣصڣ鵽¡
ԷඣһЦȻضŷ˽
ߣԷ
վȥŹȥϣȻɫʹý͵ĴЩˣȴûа취͡һŴлҧһڣȻתͷųͰ͵˵⡭Ĵл
һַǰͷһȻ̧ͷ⡭Ǵϡ
һϰΪģһŴлҧһڣֶϡһڡ

̶룬ֻһھͽһϡȹ⣬Ȼһһ롣
һ٣˰ŴлϡŶӶԳѰɣ
֣ʵȥҪڱչ֮ǰСֵһҩ
ʱȴǰδеطһֱСֵĶСֵصǣԴӳ֮ĵˣ˶شվ㣬СһˣǰռĲҩٸǣԺȥԵʱ򣬱˲ɼҩӦҩˡ
ţʰȥ˵˵
ȥ˯ˣųһ
ЦӦ
γֻʮʱƳһҩȻЩҩ㣬͵С֡ʱѾ¥
꣬ǿʼɣ
귭һ۵磬˯ʮ죬ʮҩòã
ɫЩڨڨ˵ǡҲ˯ʮ졣
Һһ
¥ϵ鷿ȥƨƨߵظ˺档鷿óֽʣȻͷٵдš
ԼһСʱͣ˱ʣһֽĻȻ߳鷿صԼңϣӣܿ硣
鷿еʱȴһ㶯ûУôϣһҳһҳ仺طųдµĹ
ԼһСʱ罫Щֽճ˻ҽȻһԼѡңʼ
һ˯죬״ָ̬۷塣Ȼϴһ衣׷һ£Żص˷俪ʼͻƺǼ
ڵǳ֮˳ھлӿʮһѾѨ֮ҲѨг˳໥ںϵһŵڰʮѨϳ˹ȥǳ֮ͬһ㣬һһسŵڰʮѨϵıϣǱȴ쳣ֺ
㹻ģһһسţһβоΣβоΡ

ͣüͷԼôһֱȥҲδܹڰʮѨϱϡ
ʲôط
˳˼һһػŹ鿴ԼǷдĵط

ľ˳ȥһ磬ɣ
˽ȵʵ꣬ͻ𣿡
ҡͷ
Ҳûио̫İƺǷȱ
ǣҡͷӦһܸ٣ҪøΪϸĹ»Ҫȥͼݹ򡣡
Ѫô죿
һ룬ʵڲоȥˣ
΢΢üͷ۾˼֮СҲϥ˳Ķ۾ʼ˼
˾ţһξȥüë΢΢һһ뷨ǲΪڵǳ֮Ѩڵǳ֮ûȫںϵԭ
ϾԲͬѨϣӦú͵ڵǳ֮Ų죬Ѩ֮Ѩ֮֮ҲӦŲ죬Ȼֲϸ΢ǰʮһѨ֮Ĳϵһһ޴Ĳ졣
ֱֲӰ쵽ǳ֮ĻͬʱҲǳ֮
ǾͰں
꿪ʼٴתǳûֱȥѨϣһһھд죬ǳ֮ںϣô⡣
Ȼһ֮оھеǳ֮ںһЩдϲʼ˵ڶС
һһŴ죬еǳ֮ԽԽںϣԽԽ⡣ں϶Ѿشﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
΢΢üͷоԼڵǳ֮չ̾һ֪ΪһֱеԭҪսˡҪͨսԼǳ֮»Ծ
۾ʱѾ۾﷢ǰζһµѣ
תһ£طų˹꣬ˣ
һ뷨
ʲô뷨


801
꽫Լ˵һĴȵ԰ȻѨϣһôӦ뵽ںѨ֮ϵģǸϽɣ
ҡͷҪȥɣ
ȥʵȻѾ֮Ϊʲô̿ʼ
ѾѨ֮ںɣڵԪȴأҪսڵԪ˷ܻԾˣѪʲôսĵط𣿡
УͷѪһ䶷ÿնмʮ䶷һǿ񣬷ϰ߶нһÿԻһ鼫ƷʯһÿԻһٿ鼫Ʒʯסÿ죡ǼƷʯ
۾һΪʯ˷ܣΪܹҵֶ˷ܡ
Ƕʲôʵ
ǰʮĶǺǼ۷壬ǰʮǰʮ֮ǴӺǾżڵǾżڡǰʮʮ֮Ǻǰ˼ڵ۷岻ȣĶʮǺ߼ڵ۷岻ȡĿǰ㻹߱սǿʸ񡣡
Ϊʲô
緭һ۵ǿ߲㶼ܹսģҪʸ񡣡
ʲôʸ񣿡
Ҫ߱սʸ񣬾ͱ̨֮ʤٳ
ʤٳ°۾䶷жĲ˾𣿡
У۾ҲһȻУСӾһƤǡǾż۷壬ʵǺɨ߼οԴ׬һˣ
ѺʯаɣЩĵʵ
ȻѪĶĲ˾˵ͻȻɫùŹֵ꣬׼Ѻ٣
һڰɣѰ˼һµ
һڡƷʯ
Ʒʯ
ƷʯûдӵΪ彩Ӳϵļⶼڴ͡죬߶µ˵
վȥȵȣ
ס˽Ųͷ磬ȴûȥǴߡಡһ˹ȥȻϽȥС֪ͨ˵Ҫˣǰеʯóȥ䶷ѺӮ
Ҵҵ˳ȥȭͷڿȻһӡ
ˣСҪˣ
Цõؿ磬ҡҡͷȥ
ȵȣ
ôˣͷεؿ硣
ָǰǸǻյժȻŪߴϡȻٸ֡ͽС
üëһ䶷ݣ
Ȼ˵һָͽɱ֣
ҡҡͷҽɱ񣡡
ôţ
һСʱ䶷⣬ѰһطߣȻ䶷ȥվ䶷Сֵˡ
߽䶷Щһ߾֪μ䶷ģһ´ųꡣֱ˷̨Ҫޣ
һ鼫ƷʯСò˵
ȡһ鼫Ʒʯ˷̨ϣǸСʯȻ󰴶һťһһ⣬棬Ȼ󱨳Ǿż۷壡
ǸСرȻ󿪿ʵ
ɱ񣡡
ۡЦתͷȥΧвڳЦеûдߣеĴߡ
Բ𣡡ǸС𣺡ѾˣĿǰڰǿһ
۹Χ˻ֵĺ
֪ԼЦˣ˼һǼ۷壬ǿһ˻ɱ񣬶ԼһǼҲɱȻ˵ĳЦҲˣһ˲
֣С
޵ɱ񣡡ˣһɱˣ޵ɱ
͡ǸС㶼̲סЦˡ
۹ΧЦ졣
СһЦţһϡ
޵ɱǾż۷壡ˣһСʱ󽫻һĶҲһǼ۷塣ƺš
ƺţ䶷ȥһƧ֮ȡ˵绰ֻͨ
ʱ䶷⣬ΧΧһȺСֵߡһָߣΧ̾
磬ҵֽ޵ɱһСʱ󽫻ȥҸʯѺӮ
䣬ر˵绰䶷⣬ѹȥѺ޵ɱ񣬼סҪй¶˳ݡ
̵ͷȻʯСһ£ϲֳ˿ЦʱһһǧƷʯһڶǳģСּһǧƷʯ
ǻ主еģ
ȭͷ䶷ڵĶĲ̨˹ȥһĻƷһ˫ϣбʡ
ܿ죬ҵ޵ɱ֣Ķֽħ֡ͬǾż۷壬һ˵ɫ
͵úΪ߶ǵһν䶷ʵ൱û˵ϸϣԸʶǳͣ0.1ʡ
Ҳ˵ⳡ˭Ӯֻܹ0.1ӯΪʱһڵıǮҲܹʮڼƷʯСΪֻһǧ鼫Ʒʯֻܹһٿ鼫Ʒʯ
һٿҲǮ
統²ԥų̀Ѻ޵ɱӮ
Ѻ٣̨ķСľһߵǳϣһʵ
һһǧ鼫Ʒʯ罫һ¿ͨÿŵ˹̨֮ϡ
ŶȻǸС٣
һһǧʯ
粻ǱųıһֱȥҪҲסѪҲûʲôΣա


802
ǸĳСϵļⶼŤˣæͨÿԣȷʵһһǧ鼫Ʒʯ֮󣬷һȻ˵绰Ÿ߲㿪ʼӦһ˵绰óһſԣ֮󣬰¿Ƭȴû̵ݸ磬ڵϲһ
ѾˣΪ0.01ʡ
繺ûб䣬ӹ˶ĳСݹĿƬȻС䶷Ĺϯȥ
һʮ־޴䶷ܹʮˡʱ䶷м䣬һ̨֮ϣһһӵԴ󱬡
ȥǮ䶷Ҫ֪ƱɲˣһƱҪһƷʯ⻹Щ˵һһЩ߾ѪڣŻȭͷ
ˣ˲ʵͣΪ߶ǵһǰμ䶷ħ֣
һºڿ㣬ϴźɫߵ߷̨ȵ̨֮ϵһ˲Ȼһǧ׹˫ص̨̤֮ϡ
ˡ
Ͻ̨Ӵһ
䡭
䶷һƬʮ˵ķÿ˶ѪڡֻСϵһмӡ
Ǿż۷
ǿǿʦɱ߼ޣһֹһֻ
棬޵ɱ񣡡
۹
䶷һƬֵĺʮʿĴЦݶƤӳ˳飬ʱҲѾ֪˰ǿһɱ
껹Ǹ
ಡ
Ӱڷ̨£ûħݺݵض̨䷢
һƬЦ˿ʼħͬһڵһس˳꣬ȴͬبһɽ̨֮ͦϣħ
ϯϵ˶üͷǵóӦһоͻжԷôὩôã
˵ĴºŽһбе
һֱ̨һУԼһӵʱ䣬һȭ˶Էͷ­
޵ɱʤ
ϯϻһƬûںħֵܹս߶ΪԼͬʱҲԼѹڶĳȡ

ͨ顣
̨֮չ˫ۣʮھǲ֪Ҫʲôʱ򣬳쳹䶷
ҿս𣿡
ԣдһ֮С
ֻǹȥһӵʱ䣬ִѾѡãͬһǾż۷ѡ֣ȴһ֡սʮʮʤŸλڣҪעעֻע
̴ֻѰҵ޵ɱʣʱָֻ0.1ˣղΪʲôҪһвŻжԷҪ׬һЩ̽ոӮʯϱǮȫѺ˳ϡ
̨֮ϵĳҡҡͷֳһ˿ź֪γīҲüءĶֱɺǼ

ȻЦղѾֻͨŪ䶷ıʮΪһ׼Ҳ˵һǾż۷ߣδľŸɻǾż۷ߡֻսͬѡֵĻʤԽԽߡǵȵʮһԵľͻǺһڣǸʱһе
̨ϵĳҲڶԼװٷĳҲԥصʡһʮָɴظɵ˶ԷȻǴݿĻʤ˵ʮ֡
һֵѾˣһһڡִ0.01ص0.1
̨ϵ缤ؿֻԥֽеʯѺȥ֮ţѾӮ˶ʮڼƷʯҲӮ˶ٿ鼫Ʒʯ
ٿ鼫ƷʯͳʶʵǾţһëǶ˵ȴѾˡٿ鼫ƷʯǾ൱Ʒʯ㹻СЩһӵˡ
һĲǳĶ֣겻Ĺֻǳܹ֮ӲǶ۷塣
ʱĳҲҪսҪͣսҪǿߵսһȫ˷ܲǿɨҶֺ̨ɨʮֻںͺǼڶʱ򣬶ĳ̵ʡ
ֺɨʮһ۷壬һɨʮľҪϢСʱ罫
û뿪䶷ֻ䶷ϢϢСʱȻɨ
ʱʮѾٳЦˣڷغУûʲôԽսΪ̼ˡֻһʱͳΪ䶷һǣΪʮеż
һֺɨʮֱɨʮһڣʮһ۷ʮһڡ
ϣɨɺɨʮֱɨʮһ۷壬ʮǶڣʮǶ۷塣
˳ʣʮǶڡ䶷ճʱ䵽ˣ䶷˶ˣþòԸɢȥһžշȥȫݺύķݼ䴩壬˦˿ȵĹڡ
ص˼ң㿴Ѿǰص˱һƨɳŶ׬˶٣
źҡͷ˵Ҫ̫ˣһֱʣû׬٣ȻıǮ󣬶˾ʮҲֻһٰʮڵģҲֻһǧ˰ٶ顣
°͵Ҳˣֻһʱ׬ôࡣ


803
꣬컹ȥ𣿡ðСǣһ׬˰ٿ鼫ƷʯҲǺ
ȥΪʲôȥǿȸ˷ܲĿĵսǿ񡣡
һֱսȥֻǴﵽ̶Ⱦ̷
ȻǴﵽ̶Ⱦ̷ֲȥޣֻΪܹõͻơ
ץץԴеźԭſ׬һЩǮ뿪ѪҲܹġ
һź磬һʱ֮Цá
һûһģȴ֪Ѫһ籩
ʲôһ֮ںɨʮ
ļٵģ
޵ɱ̫Цˣ
컹ȥ
˻Ҫɨٳսǿư
ɣǿϵЩ͵ΪɶǺ߼޵ɱֻһǾż۷ɣɨ˰ٳҲǺ߼ߵĶ֣̫ˡ
˵ҲǣôغɨٳΪʲô
֪
ǿ͸
ҪҪȥ
ȥȻҪȥ
ھҪȥ׼Ʊˣ
ԣϽƱ
Ѫǵ̨ҲֱֳڹŹ档Ѫǰٷ֮ʮ߶еĻƣ˵ӻǰȴżֱ
Ȼ˲עģ߼ϵЩߣ˵Ǻ߼ϵߣǺ弶ϵҲûжȥעıǿǲһЩͼıֵȥע
ʱĳѾվ̨֮ϣĶվһǶڡԴεߣܹȫѹƣֻƾǳ֮ʱʵѾﵽ˺Ƕ۷塣ԶԺǶڵϾǾԵѹơҳ겢ȱսľ飬ͬʱֶԷ˵ȫλѹƶԷ
ȻûһбеУǶҲûмֹʮСֿʼĺɨһʱ䣬ʹʮʤٳ׳١
ֳûлûѪڵĺУһƬšڳޱߵ궯ƺڴʲô
ʱֳˣѪǵһ̨̨ӻǰҲˣеĹڶ˫ȭŵϵĳꡣ
ڴ
һֱڲ²޵ɱΪʲôҪɨٳĿҪսǿ
ϸⲻܡǾż۷ͺǼ߼̫Զ޵ɱܹܺǶڣȴ޷ܺ߼
޷ܣһжȥ
ǣȴƫƫһڴڴܹ漣ڴ޵ɱܹսǿΪе롣
һ̡
Ǻ޵ɱغˣ޵ɱǵĴ
㾲֮У䶷𣺡Ҫսǿ񣡡
䡭
䶷ˣһƬѪǱˣһƬһֻʼ֪ͨǵѺˣ֪ͨЩ弶ϵߣ޵ɱʼսǿˡ
еĺ弶ϵжһ㶣̫ˣ
һǼս߼
Ϊú
ǲ޵ɱǵעһ˿˵ӻ
ʱɱҲ˵ӻǰȡһ޵ɱʱкµѽֻǵȻһЦΪĸڻȡˡ
ǣ޵ɱʼɨоһ˿ȤҲһ˿ȤǸȴǷŲ
Ǿڸղյ˵绰Ǹ޵ɱʼսǿˣ
ǳز죬һǼȥս߼浱ǿϵǴײ
ϥ̨֮ϣʱѾʳһǳҩͲ֮ԵĽһ߼ڣҪԼʵڵ۷塣
һӺ
սʼˣ䶷˾޴ĺʮ˵ŭ䶷ս
ಡ
һ°ɫߵ̨֮ϣǰǿĵһС
ѾϣСó似ȭ˵ѾܹȭƻԽս
̨վûȡǳɨʼһֱûʹ˽Сʵ֪֮Сǿ似ȭҲҪȭ
Сǰĳ국˵ıɡֲҵĶ֡ȻűҲҵĶ֣Ҫʹǿʽķڷ
ֳЦ⣬˵ҪҪǷܹסһȭ
Ǻǡ
СЦˣЦ
еĹҲɵˣһǼһǼʶԷǷܹסһȭ

ĵӻٴһ

ˣԭɿС˲䷢˱仯Ǻ߼ߵľ飬ܶʲôˣܶʲôֻҪǶ־ȫԸ
顭
Сǰ̤һϽ̨һȻʹһȦϵİ
ֻһ˸оʷ˷츲صı仯ڹڵУʱСƺѾһˣǱһ
һ
Сȭͷ˳ȥǺȥһ˲ڷˣȭڷ
˵Сʱ˵ĸоֻһԾȴսҰıеĹ඼һ
ȭһѵľų긩ȥͷûеǰƾѾϵ·죬
ȻֱӣϽǽšû뵽꾹Ȼ᲻ȡǳʶУҲֻܹСһս
Ҫʲô
Ҫ
еĹڶڽų꣬ȻмȽţų겻ɱġ


804
ͻȻ
ʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
и˿գȻ̨֮ϣ̵̨Ȼһ˿ѷ죬޴ĺ䶷Ͽջص
ųԼǰĳ꣬СֻᡣһֻȭͷХųȭͷ˹ȥ
𡭡
СȭͷѾһֻͷųȭͷҧ˹ȥ
еĹڴʱס˺ͬʱвɶƵظһͷ
޵ɱɱģһǼһ߼ߣô᲻ȥȡζķʽǲȡӲӲ
顭
ֻȭͷݺݵײһ
ۡ
һѪͬгײһź浹˳ȥϵļ˲ɣָѣұۡ顱죬ȭͷʼ˳ұۿʼѪɣ顭
˲佫ʶ˳ұӶȥȥֹұ۵ѪϵľȻ˲佫ֱڵ˳ȥֻǾôһ˲ĹұѾѪģܶط¶Ĺͷ
顭
ĺ󱳺ݺݵײ̨֮ϵķϣȻ󱻵˻ڿһշ˵ϡ
Ѹٴȡһ겻ֱ֮ӷŽСѾ˹ϾǳԾ֮ɫȫû뵽꾹ȻܹԼһȭ
ôܣ
ǼܹܺǼ߼
ȻʣСжȴû˿ͣ٣Ȼһȭ㣬ôȭ
СľȻΪУҪԷһ˿ᡣ
ˣ
еĹһ̶۾ڵһȭѾ¶˰ƣұѾȫˣСڶȭԻҪȵһȭأ£Ѿ˳̡

ź˫ѾһΪǽڶסȻɫһ㶡
ôܣ
æֲ˲۾ȥǳʱ̬Ϊɣûٳֵס
Ҫ𣿡ͻȻоĺʹʱ̨ͳ겢ս
СڿһԾʱѾס
顭
СԾڿеͻȻ΢΢һһǾż۷ը졣
顭
СڿпƲסʱѾףȴӿ£Ϊһɺһ۷ը졣
䵽˵ϣֳ˷ŭĿ⡣ʱ֪Լ갵ˣİ㻹ըȻǾҪóȻ˵棬̲ȭͷеڡ
Ȼʱ꽫ףȭĵʽƾȭҲܹķ顣
顭
ҡһ£ڴһɺǶ۷ı죬ȭͷΪ֮һ͡
顭
۷ڱ죬ⲻǴ湥ǴڱĿڱѪάȭͷеų˹ȥֻǵȭͷո̧𣬻δȻִһ죬Ǻļ۷
ǽҧؽԼȭͷ˳ȥǸոƳһ롣
顭
Ǽ弶۷Ԫڱ졣
ۡ
СϾ㶼Ѫ
𡭡
һȭͷƳ
顭
ڴ˺۷ıѾʮֽӽĺ߼ھ磬һڱ¶˾ΪҲûȭͷƳȥȻֻһ㣬Ǿһ㣬ȴҲ
䶷ĹڶؿССһӲվųǰƽŶԷ
顭
߼۷Сڱ죬Сĵź浹˳ȥ
顭
ǰ˼۷ڱ죬СȻصˤ̨֮ϡ
䶷һƬžһӵʱ䣬ȻһˣͬХһ㡣رʹػֱۣһǵͨ죬мغţˣˣ
ȷʵˣγսСΪʵ̫ԣĲ˾һʡӮⳡʯһӾͷ˽һǧڣʯҲһ鼫Ʒʯ
һӵʱ䣬ڵŽ侲е䶷ž
޵ɱ㻹Ҫս𣿡
˶ųұۣԳұ۴ʱѾˣͲܹսˡȴ¶һ˿Цڵǳ֮ûȫʱսһŬ׷ѣҪͷʼ
ս
һƬ񳱣еĹڶڷغš
̫үˣ
̫ˣ
һŮ߸Ƿ߷ֱļ˲Žˡ
ʱȴϣɿزֻȻ˺ѷεغֵ0.01ˣûи޵ɱֻǼԷǺ߼޵ɱѾսһ
ΧáһҲȡֻ鿴ţȻ׷״
ʲô㣿Ǽ޵ɱ0.01ʣǸ߼ȴǸ0.1ʡ
кܶ˽ʯѺ˳ϣȻҲи˰ʯѺǸǼߵɫϾͺǼ߼ž޴Ĳ࣬һһ첲ʤʵ̫С
ʱĳ걻ϢСʱΪĸ첲Ҫʱ̨֮ϣһҽΪǸҽˮƽܸߣܿؽѵĹͷԽӣȻɴĸ첲һһ㣬ͬʱȰ˵СӣĲܹٴˣ첲ģ
΢Цҽ鷳첲ҹ̶ϡ
ҽҡҡͷ̾Ϣһұ۽ұߵñͬһȦһȦұ۽ع̶ڳϣҡͷ̨


805
ľӵұڣһ̷Ƭ֮ȻþƬ֮ҩҺڱƽұ֮УȻþ¾ұ۵ĹĶԽӡ֮ҩҺӿұ֮ڣұ۵Ĺͼڿٵ޸

죬ڴ˰ҵӭǿھʮ߼ڣɲ
ಡ
һŮһշ̨֮ϣһ£ͷҲǺɫ촽ɷ׵ݣ˵жһΥ͸Сֻоһֱӡ
̨վ˶ĵɲɲų꣬û˿ӣ㹻Ľ䱸ղСо𾪣û뵽ϻֹȻܹһ죬һ͹һ졣
ϡ
ɲԥıһԶ̽ͷɭĹâ
ı
ҡҡͷɲɫû˿ı仯ûΪ겻ȡͰѱջȥеɱӵŨ

ʼ𣬳վûжĵɲҲûжֻǽ䱸ųꡣڳͨҲʮּɵ׳
겻ʱڶұ۽ƣ֮ҩҺھ£ųĹͼ⣬ұۿɼٶȻָš
ÿָһ֣ͶһսԳ겻ܹôվСʱоԼұ۾ܹڲ֮;˫ȫָ
ǣɲܸôõʱ䡣
ʵϣֻǹȥӣɲͶˣûһ𣬶һһųƽͬʱϵڲͣڳҰرˣͬһĵɲ
֪ⲢǵɲıˣơƫƫԳã˭ľѾﵽϵ㣬߼ôܶ˿ѹ
˿Էе˫̾һеѰ찡
˫ߣʮֵҪͨ򵽶Էϲף»ᱻԷ˫ֵ
ͨİڱϺͻȫͬЧۿۡ
ǾͶذɣڵǳ֮˷ʤΣ
ͻȻʧˣ
һһʧ
һһ֣
һֻŽȭͷ˳ȥɲͶԳСģղѾۿͨʱͻȻǰ˫㵲ֻȭͷ֮ǰ

ռ䵴ײȻûеȵɲʧˣȻٳ֣ȭͷ

ɲٵֵһΣȻ˲˽˳ʵأóϵطǶԳûʲô취
ֻҪһΣܹ˳ꡣ
ˡ
ɲе˫Ȼ߼ڽڡγצӣҪݺݵһ
Ӱˣɲɫһг˽䱸֮ɫȴųһʹͨ
ǳ֮ȴվһ˫ֱۺЦ
顭
˫֮Ȼ죬һһ죬һδһΣŽҲһ˿һν
顭
ڰڽ𶯵ղסһ˫̽εɿ֣һ˫̽·׹䡣
顭
ھڶ̽죬һ˫̽ڿбը÷ɣ̽УһʧˣȻͳڵɲĶ档
ɲʱﻹҺͳӲƴһһ˳ȥǳٴʧֳǰ
̨֮ϣɲͣرӣǳȴ˲׷ֻӺ󣬵ɲܲסѹܱߺ䣡䣡
εضסΣѾܵĵɲʱĵɲ͸˫ַϥǴͣҡҡͷΣڵǳ֮ûȫ
ͷ̨һȥϥ̨֮ϣŲϯҰһ֣
Ȼ㿪ʼָԪڽУҲıս֮֮ͨԲԼȭͷȴ϶ԷıûаվԲ֣ûѰҶԷȻһС
Ҫܼ򵥣ֻҪһȭ򵽶ԷϾУȻһ죬ԷС
ǻ˶֣Լûˡ
˵ʼ˺߼۷壬һ·ɨ˵ʮһ˺߼ڣսʮ˺߼ڣսڶʮ˺߼۷塣
ε߿ʼóüʹһ޸һ޸ǸͷͬһƣǸߵĶʮʵ־Գ꣬۳ô֮֮ͨҲǸߵǸ޴ĸͷͬһһʵʵں档
ҶԷɲȫķأڷ̲ŽǰѸʱ̳űŰǺ߼۷һȭڸϣҲһұһϵԷȴȫӵӡ
Ļ˫ȫѵĳͻ
ಡ
γ̨һˣûʧȵվ˶档Ǹʹӵų꣬Цôûа취ˣǾ͵ɣ
顭
߼ֳִǰһ
顭
ûͣٵǰһ
𡭡ʮڷˣŭ
ɱЩڴʱԳ궼Ѱ̼ģҪѪȣǿŪԼеĹڶʼ֧Ǹߡ


806
˺


顭
пЦٴǰһÿһȥĶǳȣ죬ɽѹȴųѹȶȥ
ȻĿһϯҲһ
ͻȻһѵһǳ
³һŶԷϣܹҷ
еĹһѵ޵ɱûóĵƣ
Ҳ쳣䱸޵ɱѾʮųһͽ֣ܶԷʹʲôǴ˿ȴ˱
ֻп̨ϵ˫ĿŹ⣬֪Ҫʹˣ
ֱʹĵʽûʹʽʹ˵ʽ֮ԷԪǴ׵ĸ
䡭
һն˳ȥһ޸ҲӲ˹һһײһ˫ıж߼۷ܡ˫ζĵźȥƾС
Ǿһ˲ʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
һսŸոסεĸȥбһеľ޸ǳӭȥ
˻
һֱұͻȻ˱ƵȭͷȻˣͬһػ˸еǰء
䡭
ȭͷϵı飬¶ȭͷùڶһұѾˣǿҲʮҵʱܹ
ǡ
żСʱʱ䣬ұ۾ͻָˣ
顭
еڴ˺Ѿ˵̨һߣ¶ϲڵǳ֮Ѿȫˡ
顭
һ죬е屻ڵը˿УȻݺݵˤ˵ϣһ
ǳִһƣʾԼ쵽Ϊֹ
˦Ļ뿪䶷ص֮󣬷ǻûлֱӻصԼң뵽֮С
Ѫһ䶯һİߣû䶷ߣȻɨٳ֮󣬿ʼսǿܶʮǿϵĸ֣λаǿڰʮ
֮˺䶯ΪʵֻǾż۷塣ǿһʵҲǺ߼ڣܵԭǿڰʮǺ߼۷塣
λ᲻䶯
˾޵ɱ
ʱѾûȥЦ޵ɱ֣˿ʼڴ޵ɱܹһ·ɱ۷壬ɱһս˭ɱ
ɱر˵ӻνشɳվһڡ
һȤСӣ
Ѫǵʧˣ޵ɱʧˣҲûг䶷Ѿϵûгˡ
ʱټУ۾Σǳ֮ںԽԽѣԭΪμڵǳ֮ںϣﵽѨϱϵľ硣ǵںϵٷ֮ʮʱڵǳ֮һγȥ
Ҫײսк͸ֵײֻܹٴμȥǳ֮
ƿ˷ţԡȥԱߵһŴ򿪣Դ˳꣡
꿴һ磬Եطɫͬ۾һˣ
ţ
˷ܵصͷΪѾǺǼ֮ǰֻǲ֪ںǼ֪˷ȻͲҪȥͻƺǼǵؿıϡ
ͺñȳ꣬ѵҲ̤ڰʮѨϵıϣһ˵ڰʮѨϣԺͲѡ
˵ļȥϴ裬Ȼ̸
ãǸ
ͷ߽ԡҡվԡͷ£˼ԼǷҪȥޡٴȥޣҪ԰ǿĵʮǿǺǰ˼ڡԺǰ˼ڵľ磬ԼǾż۷ʵʩչ֮֮ͨԷ壬ǰ˼׵ذԼ
Ψһܹһսľֻʽ
ʽҲǺǰ˼۷壬δܹһǰ˼ڡһܹԷУûս֮ܣһֻ׵ĸ
ȥǲȥ
¶˿Цȥ
ȥͲܹõͻƣ
˾ܿسһ裬㻻һˬ·ԡ˳˳¥¥£Ķ档ȡһͨÿϣƵ˳ĸǰӮõģԼһǧʯĸҲ˴Լһǧ鼫Ʒʯ
ЦúܲáЦЦͨÿûзָСһЩЩ׬ģԭӦҲһҪǿˣų귢û⣬ǳʯҲᷭ
꣬ôͻ𣿡еʵ
ҡҡͷɫһ㶣оʾԱǿô˹ûͻƣ
ЦһµһҪȥսδ֮ǾͿؿʼչͻˣ
ڳʵǺ˽ģϾҫɭ米ų겻֪˶ٻء˽Ҳüͷ꣬ʵϺǰ˼ڣͱʹһʹһȴδܹɱһǰ˼ڰ
֪ͷھһѡһǲͻƣһƴһѡ㣬ѡһ
ƴԥ˵
ʼ磬ȻͲҲڻָ˼žһֱԷ
س극֮󣬳ȥſڶס˽Ųͷͨÿ˹ȥ˵Ѻҵϣ
ڵһаգ
ûУģ
䣬ʹ󲽵ȥҲ˷ܵس˳ȥǳŷɳȥģûУֱڿ䶷ȥдߣ·ȥ


807
һ䶷ĴſڣͺһһȺˡ
޵ɱˣ
Ͻ֪ͨˣ
ЩĪؿЩˣ֪Ѿʲô̶ȡϵǹӡ
Ǽ
ǼλкǼ
ĺǼ
úǼǼǰɣ
޵ɱĻ޵𣿡
޵ɱһֱȥ𣿡
޵ɱɱ۷𣿡
ѪǼе߶ڵȴ޵ɱҲʱţ޵ɱջᱻʱҲһ£ҲǰꡣǾԲ졣
죡
޵ɱ񱻳ȵʱ򣬾ʱ޵ɱˣôܹ޵ɱԲзۼ
߽˴˷̨Ҫսǿĵʮ
ֱһΣȷʵǾż۷֮󣬷С㽫ϱһһ˾˳ĸǰ
ľʡ
ãҵľʱ䰲ź𣿡
мҪһ¡
ţͷʾ˵ȥ
Ҫľʱ䰲磡˵Ц˵Ҳ֪Ǽֱıʱ䰲ŵ磬ǿԵһЩʱרΪ㿪һרųһƱⲿ䶷߳ɣɡΣ
У굹ûּۻۣΪͻƣҸķֳҲܹϾһר䶷Ҫܶɱ
֮󣬳ڽһɳ۾ʶȤ뿪ˡһʱ궼ûжͬһʯ
ѪǷˡ
޵ɱˣ
޵ɱսˣ
޵ɱǾż۷壬ûͻƣսȴǺǰ˼ڡ
˫ʵľ붼һֻˣ̫˷ˣ
߿ʼӿ䶷̨ϵعŹ棬Ѵֱֳ
硣
㡣
˿
ѪһƬžе˶ۼڵӻǰȴųľ
䶷ѾһƱ
ܶﶼѾǿһɱҲ˹ϯϡ
ԹʵľȴûΪ޵ɱһ䡣ڲ漣ͬʱҲڴ漣
ǿʮŵĺǿŸոͻƵǰ˼Ѿɨ˺ܶǳڣͻȻչأ´ʱξԲǵʮ
ԭ֮׼ʮսģȴû뵽޵ɱսˡ޵ɱıûпΪǸʱڱչأǳغһСʱڣĶоͱ޵ɱ֡
ԭڴ޵ɱսû뵽ôҪ
ʱվڳ˽еĸӣһļ˫֮б˳ս⡣
û˿ӳ꣬Ȼ֪һǾż۷壬ܹһ·Ǿʵ
뿴޵ɱƾʲôޱʩչԼеʵ
Ŀ˳еǳϣĿ΢΢һΪһƺǼ֣Ȼһ۾ϳ˳еǳȫǳɡôһѵȫǳɣҶһѼƷϵȱ˵ļǮ˵ҲԲеսᣬ»ҪһЩ
иӵؽ䱸Ŀ⳹ȼ˶־

ʼ죬䶷̨֮ϾһеĿⶼ۽ڿ̨֮ϡһ̨̨ӻǰһʶֱͦ˼ĿڵӻĻϡ
顭
̨֮ϣͬʱһֻ̨̤ͬǵçţŶԷ˹ȥ
ľ޸߸ߵؾ𣬶ǳҲ
䡭
˵θոշݶ໹мʮԶ˫ƾѾײһ𡣳һǰϵľơȴһͣоԼƾȻűơ
ôܣ
ǣʱѾûʱȥ˼ǳѾն˰Ե˻𣬵𵴣֮
䡭
ײһཻʧϵĺ
飡
̨֮ϣε˳ȥеľ޸Ѿ֣ǰһۣⷭɣ¶Ĺ¶һࡣ
顭
ˤ̨֮ϣۡһһѪǰӼѿһӣӿѪ
ҡһ£ڵǳ֮һкʶ˳̶վƣûо³ʱѾɵ̨֮ϡ
ѸٵͨȡһƬֱ֮ӷ̷԰׵ɫָһ˿Ρ
̨䶯һ£Ȼǿش̨վΪһƺǼߣ֪޵ɱܹͷųһһǶ˼޵
һӦóһǾż۷ϣȻͷųһӦúľԪ´ʱԼԷǰԷûлֵ
һжһذףҪذףߵ޵ɱǰʺ
ڷ̧˶棬Ӿҡһ£ͷųȫĲš
⡭ôܣ
޵ɱôܻվ̨֮ϣʱӦą֮̊́ҲӦ̨֮ϰ
ţҲţ
ҲһжţֻҪߵĸǰһͻᵹ¡
ҧŶ޵ɱѵ߹ȥÿһһѪɫĽӡ
꾲վ֮ڿٵػָڵǳ֮˫ͷų˷ܵĹâȻ̶ֳȵĶײɵǳ֮ȫԾһ¶һ˿мײ¼ڵǳ֮


808
̾һôȥ¾ͻ̵õλлϣ
ǡ
꿿žǰһ
һľȫɢˡ֮һֱܹͦڣ϶Ѿܹˣȴû뵽ӯ˽Ų
顭
۾صˤʧȥ˾Ѿ˹ȥ

̾һ֪䶷ǲ˵ģѣѻ˾ΡǿĿǰ״ѾȲˡ
һƮǰȻ̨֮ϣȡһƿҩ˿ڵȥ
ڸʲôеĹڶЩĪ
ھ𣿡
˿ڵѪֹܿͣȻȡһƿҩ˿ϡȻվ֪ʱûˣֻҪ˿ڷϾˡ䶷ȻˣֻǷǻǻġ
뿪ֱ̨ʵİ칫ҡȻڣڿľȻ齫˰칫ڡ
ֻǹûһӣʾ˽ų˴Ĵָ
ҡҡͷ˵ûˣ
ûˣһ£һ˵Ҫһʱ䡣ˣ㻹ս𣿡
֪ҡҡͷҲ´սʱѾǺǼˡ
ʵ۾һͨԼ
˼һµǰɣ
ķֳɣʵݸһͨÿӹҲûпȻվˣ
㣡
ˣ
ص˱ֱӽ뵽ԼķڿʼʳһǳҩָΪ֮ǰһжҪָǳ֮׼ͻơ
һʱͷʳһƿһǳҩһʱ䣬Žǳָ֮۷״̬

³һ۾׼Ϣһ£Ȼٿʼչء߳˷䣬㿴˫۾˹һ¥ɳϵ磬
꣬ûɣĵվ
û⣡
Աչˣ
ţϴ裬㣬óԵģ
̴ɳųȥĵسųڰ֣Ȼɳϡ
ϴ裬˷ɳϾغȲ裬̱չأҪԼľ񶼵ڵ۷״̬
ȡһͨÿŵ˵˳ǰζĲӮʯ꿴ҲûѾȱʯˣʯࡣ
һûһһСʱңɳվұչȥˣ
һС֣
Ҳվͷ¥ȥתűĴȥ
뵽䣬ϥ˴ϣʼתǳ֮ڵǳ֮ͰʮһѨڵǳ֮ͷ˳ھתѹǳ֮øӵؾ
һ졣
졣
졣

ڵǳ֮ܿﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮľȣȻͿʼû
겢żֻǼᶨƵתڵǳ֮ͨתͣѹ
һḶ́ͬʱҲһĹ̡
һ졣
졣
졣

ÿ춼ҪȷźۣܶȷȴʼǹرţҲǾĵġ
ɳϣ˫Ų豭һڣȻѾʮһˣʦô
һ۵ͻƺǼôף
һСȭͷٿʦȥ̨㲻֪ʦѪǿɻˣѪڵ̸۳ʦ֣²ʦֵݡ
ؾ㣬סǧܹй¶ʦֵݡ
֪ҡСԴ˵֪ʦ־޵ɱǻ־Щ߰Χˡ˵Щ߾ûиٹʦ𣿡
һ۵ʦôøٵ𣿡
Ҳǣ˵˵ʦġ
ڣüֳ֮һ˿˷ܣڽڵǳ֮£һ꿪ʼںϵǳ֮ŵڰʮѨϳȥ
顭
һ죬ڰʮѨϱֻһ£ûвһ˿ơ
Ѿóкܸˣ֮ǰ𵴵ЧûС
ˡ
֮ǳ֮ת֮һŵڰʮѨϳȥ
顭
Ѩϵı𶯵øӵ
ˡ
һγͬǣǳ֮ײ֮ûбͬһͷһűϿʼٵšһֱתԪһգȻһγȡѨ֮ת죬ŵڰʮѨϱٴγ
һ졣
졣
졣

˵죬ڵڰʮѨϱڳһ˿ѷ졣һѷɣϾͿʼ˱
顭
ǳ֮Ȼƿ˱ϣ˵ڰʮѨϣѨڼʣȻʼǳ֮ӡ
졣
۾ֳ˲õЦݡڳɹżڰʮѨϣͻƵ˺һڣΪһǼߡ
˽ǳ֮ѹᴿ֮ⴿǳ֮սǰǳ֮ԼҲܹսȴܹҡ
һԾӴƿ˳ȥڿ˫ֽһȥ
Ȼ̧ͷ߳ŵĳֳ꣬˾ϲʦ֣
ס˽Ų˵˽ⲻӦǵԼΪԼѾأûʲôõĵġǣ˫ַſȥ


809
ôˣ
ʦ֣ˣ˵
΢΢üͷ˳ȥȴʲôҲûпԭΪԼ޵ɱعˣǰۿǱ澲ġ
ʲô£Ҫ˵
˳¥ȶȶŮ۾һ죬ˮ˵Сֳˣˣ
ţһüͷڿɳµ˵
ţǣ罫ӮЩʯ֣ǿ֣ǿ㽫Щʯյ˳ʵӦõʯַȥȻõôʯȥһԴһ١ţȴȥĳĲѪۻ֪ˣȻǴһ£֪羹ȻӮһ༫ƷʯǽǲǱСϴңǵ˶ˡ
ţֹ̧סѪǲǽֹ𣿡
ҡͷǽֹ򶷣ѪڵЩÿ춼ıԵ˻𱬵ƢôֹܽˣοѪǾҪսǿߣֹ̫ĥߵӡѪֻǽֹɱˣֻҪɱˣǰѪҲܡ
ͷ˵
Ѫۻһ֯ڵϣڵѪۻḽļСֶѪۻ
Ѫίǹģʵ
ȻǣҡͷȭͷġѪۻÿ¶СȡѣξΪ֪СӮ˺ܶʯۣۡǱ㽫ˣץ͸һẒ́¼ǽѺڹҾǣڻûнʯǾ͸Թʺ

æȡһŹ̡
Ÿҿ

ʼẒ́궢ĻϵرĻϣˣϱһ˩һǸﻹżֻ
һɳվѪۻȥ
ʦ֣Ҫȥʲô
ͷ㣺Ҫʲô
ʦ֡㡭ܲܽСһЩʯ
۾һ˿ɱ⣺˼ȥʯ磿
ǡ걩ŭģӾһʦ֡Ѫۻšܴıǲ𣡡
ǲѪǻ±б
ڹЩȻ£ίС֡
üëһڹ᲻ܣ
ҡҡͷСЩԭǵһЩ߲㱻ǿ͵ڹЩҪ˲һʵϣǶǵڵˣΪôЩﷸʵڣңң˾ͽңҲˣԴǼЩǿ͵Ҳﷸ
Ŀŭɫ˸Ѫۻʲô
ǵıǳҡ
ң¶һ˿ЦȥʯҲַʽѡһǴȥѪۻᣬһ뿪Ժûκιϵ
ҡҴȥ
һҧʵҲû˰취ֻꡣ߳˱㿴ţڱĴ⣬еĵŸ첲еŹաÿ˵϶ˣһվɫдεʦ֡
ߣ
һһɳ˷ɳѪۻȥţҲæסһɳ˳
ԼСʱ󣬷ɳͣѪۻſڡ
ӷɳѪۻȥ΢΢üͷѪۻ᣿
ǣѪۻ￪һһݣݾѪۻܲ
͵ʱţҲӷɳվ˳ǻ֪﾿ǽʯҪˡǴſվŵĸȴǣһһаЦ߹һЦ˵ʯˣҪ˵Ӳǻһ꣬ʯҲˡô۵Ƥȥʲôް
䣬һֻ˹ȥ
ž
귭סǸȻ̧˳ȥ
顭
Ǹӵ˳ȥֱײ˻ݵĴţȴһ첲ֱӽԷĸ첲˺
ſڵԭЦվ￴֣ȵеĶϱۣһŵþһһѷŴ˽ȥһһߴ󺰣Сִˡ
ٲ߽˻ݵĴš

ʮų˹һסһš΢һ㽫קǳ֮עŶʮ˹ȥ
żٵתţͬһŴ󵶺Хȥ
顭
ʮߵӵ˳ȥһͷѵͨͨˤڵϡߵһߵĸǰŲĴϣ
ڡںԺ
ǲ
Ĵȣ˳źȥ
顭
Աߵһű飬һֻȭͷȻһߣȱֱͬһ˴ǹֻȭͷͷ磬߾ͷѵǸ߱㱻߷˳ȥ
ƿȾͷķţ˳ȥһ䳡ʱʮ䳡һˣżѣ˨һͷ棬˺ۡ
ľһɨ֪ʮֻһǶһʱʮҲ˳ǡղŷŽգǲûڷ顣ǿ˳ţȻ֪Сϵˡ


810
һ弶ߵ˹ѵԱߣӴϽϹһų˹
ʯģ죬ʯȥ
Ŀȥϵļͳ鴤һ£֫ˡ۾ҫɭһδαܵľͷԺ֡
۾ǸѾߵĸǰĿĿڿĿһƬңԭǸĺӲˣһʧǡ
ʯ𣿡Ǹŵųꡣ
һֻͻȻͰļϣǸ߻ûзӦ߾ʹǲһѾļ

һҽδ䣬һҽ߳ţ㽫˫߶ϣҽʧˣԷ˹ȥ
㣬չ磡
껰䣬ҽڵһ塣
顭
´һƬѣαͬһųŵڵŶʮ߳˹ȥڵǳ֮رӿ˫絶ˮͬһӿ
ʮ߱оһƬǱӿ
ۡ
һӷ˿С

Ǽų˻˹ͬʱȡ˱ſıƣ׺ݵغ˳ꡣ
˫ַ˽Ĺâǳ֮˶ʹһȦ

ܼĽײԷֶɡ
顭
Ǽٶȸص˳ȥؿݣȭǵعǡ
顭
ӿ䵽˵棬ɵڵϵʮ߻ͷţȵţ֫ûжģҴϡ
ã
бѣţ׵˷Ȼĸ첲ˣȡߵһߵĸǰ̧źݺݵزȥ
顭
¥һȴ飬һӰӴڳ˳ڿУŭ˳ꡣ
˭
ʦ֣һԵţѪۻĻ᳤
ľһɨֶԷһߡ
顭
γ˲䵽˶ԷĸǰԷâһһֻų
顭
һץס˶ԷĽף
ȥ
굥һգʱǳ֮ӵؾһľܹļ
䡭
Ѫۻ᳤ݺݵˤ˵ϡ
ǲ
ϣֻŷֱȣӲȲȶϡ
໡
ҵʹֱ˹ȥ
ǲǲ
ֱҲţ˲顣ľӵݣȻţǴߣ
ǣ
㱳磬Ѹٵس˻ݡοʼÿһ¥ٵشҵÿһѪۻߣǷǳϣÿѪۻ߶һաֻǰСʱʱ䣬ͽеѪۻȫ֫
ѾҳһƬЩǰˣһ˻ݵĴţûȥ赲꣬ѰѪûȥ鷳
˳¥ݻ·ȥչͻȻüëһһεĵңһռضһĻ
һңڼĻÿĻ϶ָһСĻֵǻݵĸطĻ棬ÿ䷿ľͳĻ֮ϡ
˲Ӱ˲ڵҵķǰǸڵ߻Ȼ
䡭
һȭ˴ţٲ˽ȥ
㡭Ǹ߿־ĵš
ľһɨֶԷֻһ񼶣ŶԷ˹ȥ
ͨ
Ǹ߸ղſͨ˳ײУʱƽһӾŵû˹ȥ
ԥزȶ֫Ȼת뿪Ѫۻݡ
뿪֣Ȼתһ֡ת˻һŴĺ棬˳ȥ
ԼһӺзɹһɳ߳ĸߡĿһĸǵѪ;зĸ弶ߡ
ǶˣǸǾżĳҲӦ˰ɣ
ڳľУĸҺ弶߽˻ݣ˴鿴һϾǷŭ֮ɫ
˭
˭˶Դң
ʱضǱ֫ߣĸٺԺҵǸѪ᳤һ弶ȡһƿҩιӵʱ䣬Ǹ᳤۾ĸߣ
硭
˭
᳤ҡҡͷֻ֪˹гʦ֣
꣡
ĸǼͬʱѿڶѪ֮һֱҳ꣬û뵽ȴ
ĸ˽һһʵ磬ô죿
ֳһ˿ݵЦݣѪ򶷣ȴɱˡ˭ѪɱˣѪǾͻ̡
ǡûֻˡ
ҲΪ׵ʱˣ
վߵһǼߵĸǰ̧ദһȡǸ߱һѪȥһĸˣͣϴЦݵϱѪᣬɱˣ
žžž
һ𣬳Ӱſ߽䳡
꣬㻹һ
ĸ弶ȡǳĸĿһ
޵ɱ񣡡
顭
γ˹ȥֱʹӰһζĸ弶ĸ˳ȥݺݵˤ˵ϡÿ˵ֻ첲롣
ܾôѪ˰ҿɲѪɱ˰
ȡһƿҩֱĸ˵Ķϱϣĸ˵˿ֹѪ
ǲǲ
ֲȶĸ˵ĴȣȻһ·߽˼ҡȡһоƬղŷ鸴оƬ㿪ʼѪۻڴչΣÿڵĴԪռ䶼˳ȻŴҡڵ뿪˻ݡ


811
顭
ҳϳѪǵ鳤֮һһֻ豭ݺݵˤ˵ϡ
Ϊ꾹ȻѪɱҳҵӣȥѳץҪʬΡ
֪ȥ
žһ⽫Ǹȷ˳ȥ
˵绰ܿزţȻŭ𣺡ԣڵĳѪɱǳߣҪҽҪ
˵ɱ˾ɱ˰
ӿϰϵ˵һԼĳꡣ
ʵڣܶ˿Ѫۻݴɱ䣬ݵ˶ˣɱˡ
ҲŰ
ڵĳһЦѪۻгʶŴķչˣԼһܹģԼ¼ҲҪһзˡ
ԥˡ˳Ľֿ¼֮󣬳ų˴Ĵָɵĺã
ո˵֣ĵ绰ˡ
㲻ſھȥݿڵ绰Ǳŭ
˼ǻѾˣ
ϻ
ǾͰ⼸鳤Ҳϰɣ
Թ˵绰ڶĳ꣬ȻȥԺ鷳Ҵˣٽ
ã
ȥҲŻȥ硣״̬ܲԣξ־ֱԼıȥ֪һص
ڱǰ£㿴ţǰһվ⼸ǻģ˽ȥ
һ뵽ڣͼһڿ߶۾һʦ֡
ڰֱ֣߽ʵң˼ƿҩŪһƿ֭֮ҺȻʵ߳סķȥͬʱ˵׼ʯࡣ
ƿţ㿴ʱѾϴɾ˫ĿҲͷųȫ֣Ȼ㿪ʼӹǣǡ
ʯ̶齻ˬ뿪ˡ֪ʱ˵ʲôûãǵȴ侲һʱ˵
ϴһ裬ֳһٷһɳæµһֱȵæ֣꣬˳Ķ£ųꡣ
һӣǰĲ輸϶һٶԪռ䡣ָЩԪռЩԪռ䶼ǴѪۻõģȫСֵʧЩԪռڵĶһ£ַС
䣬վһȥһ߶˵磬ҵָ֮ȥɨѪڳеĻݡ
ԴͻƵһ֮ѾȲҪҪȥĳоѾܾûˣʱ˵ڰʮѨϣҲȲȥˡ
˳⣬ҫɭȥҹʱ֣ȫչΧû˼α
⣬ǹⴹ£鶼һͷһҪռ䣬ǹ½ٵе¿硣
ʳһǳҩͲ֮꿪ʼһǳһ建˫ջµĹ켣һְصжչ˳
ǳۣ֮γһ㣬Χתǹǳۣ֮һ۵ǳ֮ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ󣬽γһţǧͬǳĵӰ
ˡ
ǳǧǳӰǳ֮ųӿ룬꿪ʼתǳ֮ʼڰʮѨϱϡ
Ѫǡ
Ļҡ
ʱˣֱڣңңҺ˾ͽҵĴÿ˶ϵһʵʱڹۿһ¼񡣵ĸ弶ɱԼݺʱ򣬳һ˼㡣
žžž
ֵĸãѪǵĹأɱ߱ɱ֮鳤ĸ˵ͷ㽻ûɣ
ûУＷ֡
ãǾ͵жʮֶӡϣǳԺ顣鷢һѪΪ鳤Ȩ
㡭
ʲô㣿ԼļӶܲˣȶ֮£ʲô鳤㵱ҽꡣ
ߣվΣߺߵȥ
صԼİ칫ңŸԼȥѳСӸҽ
߽˰칫ңڿϣ¶ЦݣСӻǻ𱬰Ȼһ˰ѪۻɨˣСӲͻƵ˺ǼɣٶҲ̫ˡ
üͷ𣺡ǲģСϵҪˣ
һ֮˽鳤ݺͳסһ˵뿪Ѫȥҫɭˡ
Сӡ治ѳҷˡȥǸʲô㣬СñҸ׼ͬʱһҡ
һº
귵ѪǣһɳһԼıȥһ˼ţҪȥˡ
ʱĳѾ˾ʮѨϣﵽ˺һ۷壬ֱǶı赲
ص˱˽ȥ㣬ɳϣһֳص
ôˣԻʵ
ڵһվ꣬ߣȥɨҵĻݡ
üͷов鷢һץסʲô飬˵
ؽѪۻᣬȻɨС֣СӾͲŹ֫


812
ԣ˫Ŀâ˸һƽһô
û£˵ϴδѪۻʯǹõҩõҽʱǼѾȬˣһЩСӻҪһʱ䡣
ʦ֣鳤ȥһˡһ˵
˰֣ɳϣ磬Ѫ֮ڣѵûһȫľסط
УͷѪڵĸǰȫĵطû˸¡ЩڣңңҺ˾ͽҿıСŸֱЩСǰȫЩС£˭صʱ鳤֡ھסСڸڿģҲڱĳ˴£鳤Զ֡
ȥ鳤
뿪˱ܿ鳤İ칫⡣֮ͨ󣬳߽Եİ칫ҡ
鳤ã깧˵
°ɣ
л鳤
깧ԵĶ棬ԿųĸѾˣ
лл鳤깧˵
лΥѪǵĹأ
ᵭ˵Ȼ΢΢üͷСֵ֪˰ɣ
ţͷ
׼ô
üͷô˵ڵĹ᲻ˣ
ҡҡͷǸҲܣȥ̸̸
̸̸˫Ŀһûô¼
ɫ˵ǿ̸¼߾Ҫߵӡǿ߾Ҫǿߵĵλ
Ǻǿ𣿡ͬɫ
´һ³Ǽˣ
ţ
һڣ
һ۷塣
Ҳɴһӡ˵꣬ոͻƵǼȼѪǲǿߡ
֪ͷҺܿ߹Щ˵̬ȡҶڵӶ԰ɣҪôԴСЩ˼ǵЩߵĺǵʵҲ繫ǱߣǵѷڹǱߡҿ񹫻ǱߵһЩ滹С֡ԣΪǱ߲Сֵߣǿ˵ԭ򣬶鷳ʲôֻҪˣʵҲǿߡ
˳˼ܲó˵еЩȷʵܣΪѪǵǱ򣬲ڣңңҺ˾ͽҲˡ
׼Сֵ֯һᡣǻǵĹᵱڵᣬǸᡣ
һʱ֮ԿЦãų˵óһôףҪʯ𣿡
ûУϵҡͷҿȥ鳤ѳѪе⣬ǻݣ̵ĵصλöң׼ǶˡЩӦùҽˡ
𾪵ؿų꣬ϵһҲų˴Ĵָ֪ѪжЩжǿ𣿡
ж٣۾ǲһֺ£һս⣬ֱЦãиһۣһӡ
ҾͲ˵ЩܹٵˣЩطܹȥ֪ɣ
֪ͷЩ
֪ͺãһ鷳һڸ⣬ѪǴš
Դ˵ԣһڼûһ˵ţʮ߼⣬ʮһݣ߼̡Щ̺ͻҲк򣬻һЩ̺ͻк֪ȻֻǺһܹԽսԽҲʤһʼɨǾͻۼĸ㣬㲻ɹᱻǴ
֪鳤Щܹٵ̺ͻϸҡ򶨵˵
Կų΢΢һüͷ˵֪֪ǺԼһСϵЩˣɨǻݣյΡһȥɨС֣һһκɨ
֪ͷ뿪ʱѾɨһС֣Ҳἤŭҡҽﻹһ󡣡
ʲôǲȥСֵģⲻϹء
֪Ҫ÷Ϲء
ô䣿
ڸһСֱֵӰȥзԴ𣿡
㶵سų꣬Уڸոտһ׼̡жʮ㹻СЩ˾סôʯһҪһǧƷʯˣǼƷʯ
ûлشԣĬĬؼţһҪһǧƷʯʮҪپʮߵڼƷʯʮ㹻СЩ˾סˣĻԺ˿áֳЦݣ鳤Ҫһ£ҹһ£Һɨ˳ʮ߼⣬ܴܲٵİڼƷʯ
ܣ˰ڶܹٵǣȷҪô
ţȷصͷ鷳鳤Щϸҡ
ע˳һãҵҪ㾿ܹڳʲôӡ㣬ֻܹǲϴ㡣ˣҰﲻ㡣
ףͷ
ֿ˳һۣҡҡͷڵϲһ㽫һоƬݸ˳ꡣӹоƬЦе˵鳤Ұ˵Ǹûۿۣ
ûУҡͷȥ⡣ۿۡ


813
ҡҡͷǿŰ
СӣԴӵۡ
ðɣۿ۾ͲҶҪˡ
ôʯ㻹ûпʼٰɣԱӵؿųꡣ
ǡв
У˭֪ܲܳɹ
Ǻðɣھ͸ˣȡһͨÿϡ
ϵͨÿɵؿ˳һۣȻһȻͻȻ̧ͷעųû뵽㻹һ
һ
ҡҡͷ绰˵˼䣬Ȼ˵绰һһ˽ָǸ˶Գ˵ѪڵķزܣӰɡڵĳ꣬ҪոսǸ̩Сˡ
ɫһȻ۾һʦܣֱʰ
Ǻǡ
Цǲ˵ʲô˾Եİ칫ڿٵؽϣ뿪֮󣬳Цеض˵鳤ڰ̩Сһûɣ
û⣡˭
ٺ١겻˼ЦЦὫֻڱǿߣҲ֮ǰǸκ
飬Ҳܡ
УܾУ鳤ˡ
䣬ȥߵſڵʱԵСӣСĵ㡣
һůתʩһлл
Сʱ󣬳ص˱뵽֮˵磬ߣ
ȥѪۻ𣿡
ǣҡͷ
ɳϣɥ˵ûȤ
㲻ȥ
ȥ
Ǻã㣬ߡ
㼱æվųȥʦ֣ȥĶ
ȥС֣
ľһ꣬ȥСָʲô
Ҳȥ㡣
Ц⻹һһЦǷֻҪڳߣ͸оһаģڳûг֮ǰǲ˵ġ
ʦ֣ȥСָʲô罹ģʵ
һ۵ɡҵ£ǰɣ
ûУæֵǡ˼ԼҪ֪
Уһȥң
ңҲסˣһɳϱ꣬ΪʲôҪңİ᣿
Ұڸոսһ̩СܹжʮȫСЩ˾סһʣ࣬Ժ˿ҲеطסСֵ߰ᵽͲǳЩҲͿԷĸˡ
ǻʲô缱Ҵҵȥ
㲻˵ȥ𣿡Ƶ˵
˭˵ģô֪һģ
ͣ̿Ц
꣬˶ʯʵҲų꣬СֵľõλǸͲ֪һһʲôǮ
İڼƷʯ
վɬһЦ꣬ô
ǻ˻
˭ʵ
һЦңѾõ˳ʮ߸̺ͻݵϣСְ֮Ҿͻɨʮ߼ҡ˵˰κɨҵõĶҵġ
ģġ缱æͷ
ˣͣŲ˵֮ڰ̩СһᣬרǿߣǵĹǶģĹ޹ء
ģ˷ܵųꡣ
Ȼ߰ɣȰҡ
֣
С֡
һƬƲҵȻѾõ߰˰ˣʹûлָÿնĵΪѪۻ˵ˣȵǵƺõ߰˰˵ʱǵ֫һ顣ԺǻʱǴһ飬ԶڵС
̤̤̤
һŲСֿڴ˽Сϵһ˳ŭŴСֿ߽Ѫۻߡ
ҵ˶ˣϲλѪۻλ᳤Це˵ǽҪٴɹǣŶվãһǧ
̫һ֣ǿŭش󺰵
ϡ
Сֵһ˱ĿŭصŶԷ
žžžΪ׵Ѫۻ᳤ֵã൱غãʱ̫ɣû˼ǿһҪˬ
еѪۻ߶شЦһЦһ˱ƽ˹
Сֿڡ
ӰŮǳ꣬磬
֣ǿ˴ʱҲ˳ˣһɫϲĳǿϣɼش󺰵ʦ֣ˣ
ѪۻȻת˳꣬һɫһ䡣ľɨ˹ȥܹʮˣа˸ǼΪߵǺļͣ˽Ų°͵Ҹ·ߣһ·ǹԹԵŶվãԶһۣҾͷ뿪һ·Գ֣ǵ֫

ֵСϵ߷ЦѪۻһǵͨ졣û뵽˿졣Ѫۻ᳤Ȼһҧֵǣϣ
ʮ˾ų˹Ⱥ˸
֮֮
顭һӰ˳ȥ
ꡭһڶ
ֻǹȥ˲ӵʱ䣬ʮѪۻ߶Ѿ˵ϣҽһƬꡰžž֣Сϵ˵λȥ˭û֫ûϵģǲȶϡг𱨳ԹԹǲҪǵ
ʦ֣֫㲻㣿ţ˵
ڵԭѪۻ̼žһؼн˿ɡװ˼״ĺ𣿡


814
ãΪʲôãСϵ̺
ҡҡͷ˫·һѹΧ̰Сϵߵ黹ǲҪˣǵĵߣ
ѪۻĿⶼŸмʵСϵ߸ղҲ塣ˣ»ӭıһץסҲᱻ֫Ͼ겻ܻһӡ
̤̤̤
Сϵ߳һʼϵѪۻߣֻûϵ֫壬ͳͳȶϡ֮ǲ˳ǰʦ֣ˣûзŹһˡ
ãͷȥǵĴԪռ䶼ڳ˵˰ЩԪռ䶼ҵģ
žžİƣ˵Ŀ˹λ껨İڼƷʯ̩СھͰȥǿǸ
ûûмУһ߶㶵վ죬֣ǿʵ硭㡭˵ģ
ϻȥ֪ˣʹصһۣȴǰˬղڱԼ𾪵ضˣʱǰЩ˱𾪣ƽࡣ
ûûмС˻﷢㶡ʲôô᲻֪ǴŰȫû߸ȥ¡
Ҳܹסڸˣ
Ҹ̫ͻȻе˶ͻȻ֪˭˳žǺһƬЦţţš
ҡҡͷߵһһ°ͿСߡ
һҵʱ䣬ȻͿʼȥЩѪۻߵĴԪռڳȻϴɾ͵˳ǰ
ȻȫȻЩ߾һɢܻؼｫߵĶŽ˴ԪҴռ䣬ÿٶȶǳ죬ֻǲСʱʱ䣬һǧ˾վСϡ
ߣȥ
һǧ߳С֣۹ÿϣÿ˵̩СȻ˰̩С
һ밲̩СЩСϵ߾ͿʼֵܰȴûһȥѡֱǼ΢ƽϢһΧ˳ԡ˵磬ͽˡ
ãİɣ
ˣ
ȥ
ţ
Һһȥ˹
ҡͷһ˸ð죬䷿ӣôҸϽʰ
ųһʹص˵ͷļתŴȥ
꣬СһЩ纰
ûлͷֻǽ־ҡҡŲͣʧ˵ҰС
磬ʦָʲôȥˣţոʵҲ˶䡣
𣡡ҧ˵
𣿡ţץץԴղǲǰѪۻ֫𣿻ʲô𣿡
һ˫ҪɨѪڵʮ߼̺ͻݡ
ΧһӼžû˷һ˿е˶ˣǴû˴ǡȻҪһ֮ɨҡ
ֻҪһѪڡ
ͬʱҲʮźźԼʵ̫ͣĴ澹ȻûԼӰʱһСߵжźһǿҪǿ
С˵˵ҪΪЩ˽һᣬһԼĹᡣ
⡭ģ˾ʿŵģ
Ǿó˵𣿡
ᣡһҡͷ
ԴѪǣΪСֶʲôǶɣʵ
֪һǧ˴ػش
Ǹرꣿһࡣ
ʦЧңӦ
ã缤˵СˣӴ˿ǾЧҳ꣬ǵһ顣
ࣺڶ飬֪ҵ汲һЩĵãΪҵҲСǽ꣬ٶԳкô
ͬ⣡˵Щĵãǳʦֵģ
ͬ⣡
ԣͬ⣡
ã˫һѹٴΰ¾ǴӴ˿ǾͳƺΪ᳤ԼĹһλ᳤
ãӦ
ļҪСõı᳤
ǵȻ߷׷׵ͷ
ǰѵڶõıΪδİ칫ҡ
Ӧõģһεͷ
ãǻǷַ

꿪ʼɨ̺ͻˣľȫչԳ൱ϵľѾܹѪ档һߺɨ̣һ߼Ѫڵһһ
û˿ĿĵشһҼҳҵ̺ͻݣһԲؾͿʼһ۷ʵֻƾžǳ֮൱ںǼļʵڼǱֱӴﵽ˺弶⻹ûֻЩ̺ͻݣĶ֣
ǳٶȲ죬ΪЩ˶֮󣬻ҪȥȡÿߵĴԪռ䣬ֻ֮󣬱㱻̺ͻ֪ˡ
Щ˵ȻԴУ̼˴ųΧ˹ڳľаǵǸһ˿Цη˿Уȫ㿪ЩĳߣЩûʣ¶ߵ̷ȥ
뵽ڣֻǼӾͰʣµǼߴУȻѸٵؽ̵ĻϣֿڵĻһɨգȻѸٵһ̷ȥ
ĴٶȾͿ̫࣬ȵЩյϢѾ˰ʮ̡
Щ̳˫ֺۣų׷ȥǵٶôܹ׷ϳꣿ


815
ִʮ̵ʱЩ˹׷׵ɢԻصԼ̺ͻݵȴų꣬ͬʱҿʼȡ
ѪǶڹעⳡԾûȥܳԳҵĴ١ڣңҺ˾ͽҶ֪ǳԳҵıǵĴ٣ԶԼӲҪ¡ɳ˴߿ʼפ̺ͻݡ
ÿ̺ͻݶһż弶ߣŴǼߡ
ǡ
ںɨԳһ۷ʵǳ֮ľȣսѾ˺ļ۷壬ǱֱӴﵽ˺弶۷壬ɽܣҲܹﵽ߼۷塣
ԣںɨһ̺ͻݺɨ
ŭˡ
ɨңҾͲɨ㣿
ҲҪɨС֣ҪСϵ߶ץͷ
ǡ
ȵһҸֹСֵʱȴСѾտҲֻСʮﰧǲǱˣǳҵߡ
Щ̧ȥ߲㱨Ҹ̶߲ʼ˵飬ܿϢͷ˻껨˽İڼƷʯ̩ССֵ߶˽ȥ
ʱСֵװԼıǳųɨҵʱ򣬳ȥһװ޲ϣʱ˸߲ҵװޡ
һ죬꽫ʮ߸̺ͻݺɨһߣ߼߶ˣɱɨ
Ȼʧˣ˵˳뿪Ѫǣҫɭ֡
׷ɱǸǾż۷ʿ߼ͽʣ弶뿪ѪǣǷҪѳնɱҫɭ֡
ǵҫɭֵʱ򣬳Ѿ⣬ڳͻƵھʮһѨϡĺɨڵǳ֮Ѿȫǧǳ֮ӿڡ
С
һһʽڵǳ֮ϵسźǶѨϱϡ
䡭
ǸǾż۷նɱһֻǾż֮һƨһԵһʯ֮ϡѾһµʱˣȴûҵꡣͨ绰ѪڵļϵˣѪҲûгֹӰ
СӾܵȥˣ
ʱĳѪǷȥҹҫɭûһ˿ڰŴأڰ֮УľѪǵķѪǷȥ
ɵѪ£ϥڳǽ֮£̷ǳ֮ʼָԼĵԪ
ֳ΢֮ʱѪǵĳٴδ򿪡ӵվƨɣ߽Ѫǡ
ˡ
ִ˰֮ûȥ̩СֱӿʼԳҵĺɨ
ĺɨһԭΪԳҵķŭһΪҪԼΪŵǳ֮һµѾͨ˵ھʮŸѨϣʵ˺Ƕ۷塣ǿʵ֤Գ̺ͻݵĺɨٶȸ졣
һĲͣҲϵ۷壬ֻһͻƵϵ⻹ڳûڵľ¡
־ǿȱ֤˳궴ѪһжѸٱ׶ӡǳжӵƮûû֪ֻҪһ֣ڴٳҵ̻ݡ
֮
֪ػص˰̩С
Ѫǵ¥ŲڣһϳŶԺ鳤̫ˡ֪֪ǳѾʧһǧڼƷʯ⻹ǳұеߡҪǳһ˵
Ҫʲô˵Լ˵ǳҵѪۻ̰˼СϵʯȻǿǿᣬĻһϣûҪһֱСֺͳںǳڲû˿Ĳ롣ҾǳѾӦøлڵĿơǳһ궼㲻ѵڰæǳҲӶˣڶΪǳҶˣ
ãããɫ࣬ãһóԶʧѪǡ
ɫһΥѪǵĹأڳ֡
ߣһת뿪˻ҡ
ڸںףԼĹʽΪһι᳤֮ǿ񻶡
֮ıǰ̩СһڳĶ棬Щü
ôˣʵ
꣬Ǻͳҳ׽ЩǶ뿪̩Сڰ̩Сгҵڻεһȥͻᱻץߡȥǰ취
üͷ
ûʱû⣬ҪʲôԴ绰ǳȥˣ˵ܵóȥɣһ뿪Ѫǣҵ˾ͲǰǴôˣǻɱǡ
翴һۿɳϵĳ꣬ûԹ˼ֻҪ취
꿴һ磬죬衣СϵҪӵԼȨҪǿҪûźҲࡣҲѪǶá磬ǳֻеĹѾǺǶ۷壬ֻҪһȼͻѪǣšΪֻŲŻҽĹԣҪԼǿȻ뿪֮ǰһЩҩʯΪá׼ô죿
ң¶һ˿ɬû뵽ʵǿ˿٣ŶþͳҡһʱѪǰɣ߰ȫһЩȥ㡣
ţͷ


816
ڶ졣
ڴ˯Ҵšľ˳ȥţӴ¥ǰŴ򿪣תһһţţȥ˯
˯ˣЦõ˵Ǳˡ
᣿ʲô᣿ס˽Ųֵػͷʵ
ڵĹᣡ
귴Ӧ˹ɳǲڵĹᡣ
˵ȻһЦҪǵĹ֣Ҫܻ졣
꣬Ǳߵڵȡ
ڰֵš빫֡ˣǵĹȫƽʲô
εųѪǹᡣ
ǾͽᣡҪںѪǡĸ֡ӹϡ
ã
ȵȣϴ
ϴһ·¥ʲô飿
ʹïˡ
ïˣ
ţͨЩȵ鶼ïǱߵĹЩġ
ţ˵ʲô
ĶҪѪһӭӵ׼˵ҪȡһȥЩӵĹ
ô˵ģ
˵Ҫʾ㡣
ʱѾ߳˴ŵȥ˵ɣ
뵽ᣬïͷڴȥ꣬æȥϵĲͷҸӿȴҸӡʲôˣ
Ƕ̶̼¾ͳΪʮߣǷɨҵˣ˭Ҳҵĺˡ
ʦ֣
ţͷɳʾï֮ʲô飿
ģïһԱߵ磬ȻŵĹҪѪһ£Ǳŵ˺ߵһЩҪһЩߵ
һЩ飿국˵ʲô飿
⡭ïһҧһЩȵ顣
ִ̧˴üĵߵҲ֪ɣ
ïЦȻ֪ʦŪô飬ѪǶ֪ˣô᲻֪
ï˴Ĵָ
ڰֵûʲô
ɫߵİȫ֤ˣʱѾˣСźܶǻֻҪߵһȥͻܵԣǹǱǸ֤ߵ˰ȫȥҲãҲգû⡣
֤ǵİȫα֤ïеɡ
ٴοյִ̧˴üĵγǿǺǼ߼ɣÿ˶Ҫһ߼߱Ҳ˵Ҫ߶ˣɶٺ߼߱
ôܣú߼Щ
ЩʲôĿһ
ïһĭɫӲ˵Ͳܡ
νʼҾͲˣٺ߼ߣǾɶȥȡǻҪѺΪǵıʹߵܵ˺Ҫ⸶ţһ˾һڼƷʯɡסҪ߳ˣȰѶڵļƷʯ͹ϵѺ
㡭
ڰֵҲȥˡ
ïһðɣΪ̬ȼŭ˻᳤ǿɱԹһȥʵʵ˵
㣡Ц˵
һȥˣ
ͣ
ïȥ֮Щʵ꣬᲻̫Щ
̫ˣ͡ЦһСֱʱʲôʱʹˣԸȥȥҲܡûô
ǡ귢˵Ƶ飬Ҳȥܹõһʯ
ȱʯ𣿡˵
ɫһ㶣̶ɨ˳ҵ̺ͻݣʯҳӦһʱѾˡ
ޣݺݵһڣԳصԼѾˣ
ۡ꿴Ǹ㬵ģЦ˿ڡȻ°Ѱ˼»иӣôûмѵʥӣ
ŵŵš
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ˽ţشӴſڳ˽᳤죡򿪵ӣ
΢΢üͷЩţ
ţŻŵظʲôǳ
ţҲ磬ܵӻǰ˵ӡĿⲻŵӻ˹ȥֻӻڲһֳᡣ
ǰǿĵѪ羪ȵ˵
ʱڵӻĻϣѪ˵ҽٿŷĿֻһǾսϣܹһغһսһսһ䶷̨ϵϣһų򡣡
ʳѪһʵѪǰǿĵһǾż۷壬˵ֻǼսڳ˵ƽ𣿡
ߵ粻ڹƽѪ˵ȻǳңӦӭӳұ׼
Ϊս𣿡
νѪʼҴѾʽ귢սǹ겻ϽսôͱվҵǸ⳥ҵʧұ֤ԺٹѪڵ̺ͻݡ޹ʹôѪǵĹأͨǸʱͲǳһҵĵˣѪǵĵˡսôͬҲܹ޹ʹǳѪ̺ͻݡ̨ˣһжΪ˾Ҳζ
ǳʤأһʵ


817
͡ѪЦһΪܹʤ𣿡
ʤأǸʮֵؾǿ
ѪɫһܹʤǳξˡӽǳҲ޹ʴκһСϵߡңҪһϢ
ֳһÿһ˫۾ڳѪϡ
ûеôΪһºţ޵ɱ񣡡
޵ɱ񣿡
찡޵ɱ񣡡
ǶŰ
ŵĻϵĳѪǷһ˿Ц
Ǿż۷𣿡
ŵŵš
һŲ˹֣ǿγ˽
᳤űˡ
űƣ겻ؿ֣ǿű˭
űƾңһŮӵӰӴ˽
ľһɨֶԷһǾż۷壬ϵɫɳվ˭
ű¶ǺǺЦɫҾѪǹĻ᳤
ŶѪǹĻ᳤ֻǺǾż𣿡
űΪһǾżȻ˳ĵ죬᳤ǹʵǿģ᳤Ҫۺʵ
Ŷˣͷʦ
ˣű˵Ǹ㣬׼ʮˣ浽
ţû⣡ˬصͷ
űɫһ㶣ȫû뵽Ӧʹ졣ïȥ˵Ĳһɫһʱһï֪ͨǣˡ
ãͷʱʮ߼ʮڼƷʯĵѺ
űƻȻͣס˽Ųͷضų֪˵ʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪˵ʲôֵ˵ʲôֵȥҪȥӶǾҪӶ𣬶һҪǵİȫ쾭塣
Ѫǹ᳤´űĿ⡣
Ѫǹ᣿üͷʲôϵ
㡭űһƽһԼѪǹǹѪڵĵӣѪڵĵӶڵ
ŶԭͷѪǹܹĻԱʲôĲ˵Աܵʱ򣬹ǲҪΪǸ𣿡
⡭Ȼ
ʱűѾʶҪ˵ʲôˣǴûаСϵЩߵɹĻԱֻǵһЩӺȵġĻǲܹ˵ġʱűƱúܡ
Сյ֮ʲô
⡭űҡҡ촽û֪ͨǡ
Цһô֪ͨˣ
ҡűͻȻһЦҸղſˣѪѾ㷢սѾ˽İ취ǹҲ岻֡
һָҡҡˣֻҺͳѪ֮飬ǵĹ޹أǿԼȥѪǹ帴𣬶ҲӦġ
㡭űһ꣬㲻Ҫ󡣡
󣿡ȻǰһűƺСһǧ˰ٶˣˣŮˣǺӣ֫ǾһԿšȴ˵ҰǻڵĵǻΪߵĹһͷ
˵˭ͷűƵֳŭâ
ͷʲôͬʦֵܲŰû˿Ӧʲôʻǻǡ
ˮֱűơűƵظҵţԴӵѪǹ᳤δܵ衣ԭïĻ㱨֮㱧ѵһٳ뷨ȻͷһǾżҪں
Ҫ
ԣˣ
ҪͨѵСЩ֪űƵʲôǣΨһܹҲӦľǷ
ǡ
꾹Ȼӣ²̨ЩƫƫܹڣΪǶǱ򣬲ܹõ˵
ѵҪ˭ûаСϵߵͬʦֵѵҪ˵ֻǵ
ֻҪΧɣ㿴ʱЩСϵĿ⣬һ˷ŭűӣڱͷ
ʲôʱЩԱˣԱӹˣ
һƽһԼűӷɿתţŰ취Ťתʱľ档ͻȻһ˵꣬ҲΪ롣Сֵӹúܿ࣬ǹæԷŸһЩʯ
ǿ׳һؿȻֳ̧ΧһŴ᳤ȱʯ𣿡
űɫһ㶣̶ͨ졣СѾǹȥˣ˼Ҷס˸ȱʯ
űƵɫٺͳϻվǿеҲΪߡ
꣬ѡʮȥᱨ𣿡
Բ𣡡국˵ɳʮ߼ߣҲɳһˣӴ˿̿ʼǲǵĹᡣ
ǵĹ᣿űƾ˵Ҫڣ
Ȼᣡô׳յ˵زôϻ᳤ģ
㡭űȭͷѾʼˣȻûڣ͹鹫
Ȼǹ鹫
仰һڣűսȭͷֳ˼аţǲҵ
ǲĹᣡ국˵ѾԼĹᣬѪᣬԺǺǹûһ˿ϸͿͣ


818
㡭ôĵӣűָָųҽҪúýѵһ١
΢΢һüͷűƣҪ׼ǰ̩СǸﶯֵĺ𣿡
űȵڲ֮£û˸ҹܡ
ãͷѾǴӴ˿̿ʼˣӵԼĹᣬû˿ԴǹŶܵͷֶ֣ҪסһڼƷʯ

顭
űƽһ壬Ϊ֮ѣѾų˹˫һ˫ַĹâ絶Ǳĵʽ˳ȥ
ЩӵһѾ˺Ǽﵽϵ˫ֽһ˹űƵδӴŵ˳ȥݺݵˤ˵ϣһѪɫŴӴ߳ĳꡣ
ôǺǾż۷ѵѾǺǾż۷ˣ
վǰӸµ˻ֵˣѺȻ绰֪ͨĹᣬһڼƷʯˡ
ã
űƷоԼұѾˡǴʱѾ֪ԼǳĶ֣ҳҲԲΪŮӶģַȡֻ˺Ÿң
ֳ֮ɫһʶȤɫűƵоһƣҴҵظ껮ȥһڼƷʯ뿪˰̩С
ű뿪ıӰЦЦܻ˻ֵɢ˰ɣиϽӸҹϣʡñ˶֪ǳ˹ᡣ
ǣΧ˶ЦŴӦ
ԼıȥߵͽӵԵĵ绰Եĵ绰Цһ£ͨ˵绰鳤ű״ˣ
СӾȻűƴˣթһڼƷʯ
թɣ鳤ɱ𿪿ҰʯȥҲỹġ
ûǸ˼ǵ飬һˣ¡
鳤һ˿ţ̵Ͼ͵
Ǳ߶˵绰Сſȥ·ſڣţſڹƣЦô죿
ţͷǳ꣬Ѿӹϣܵĸǰˣֻһֱ֪ȡʲô֣֪֣ǻ죿᳤ȥʲô
鳤е飬˳·Щ˸ʰˡȥҼ˳ȥεεǸ
ţ۾һã
䳯Χ˺ߣǳȥɼȥ
ã
ʮֺظţŴȥԶԶظ˺棬˳ȥ
ܿ죬ţʮ߳˴ţ˳Žֵǰȥ

ʮ߾ʹӽֵͷ֣ţʮ˷м䣬Ϊ׵һһֵϣǶС
仰û˵꣬һӰͳǰȻ˹Ѹٵ֫һ˹ȥ
ǳ꣡
֪˭ϳ˳꣬һЩ˾ȥڿ˸һƹƹҵȻ˶ʮջжʮӿдȻţ˵ǵ֫
֣
ţʮ˳ʮ˵֫ϣȻǣ˸߲ҵػص˰̩С
ϵ˾¥Եİ칫ҡ뵽칫ңֵ꣬¡
ǣ鳤ؾص鳤Ķ棬˶Է
鳤ڿ΢΢üͷ꣬һҪ˵
ͷơ
޼ѪǵѾ֪˰ɣ
޼ɣ
Ķӡ
Ŷ֪ͷ
޼Ǻ弶ʵĻТ졣
Т죿ԺиֳТưӣûͻƣ
Բؿ˳ϵôͻƵģˣ˵ЩˣҼ˵
ţͷ
м飬ÿʮŶѪǼһͷľТ죬޼ʵǸʶһѪǵġǣǰȴһ顣޼ɹһ£ʵҲܹ£ֲֿ٣ǰæһ蹷ˡ蹷һ磬ܡһǾż۷壬һֻѾ̤ϵָֻ֡з蹷ôһܵܣʮֳ谮蹷һɱ޼ɡ
Ѫǣ
ѪǣԵ˵Ѿ֪ˣѾɳϵڸҲ˵ȵɵ˸ܾʧȥ˻ᣬΨһɱ޼ɵĻѪǡ
Ѫǲǻ𣿴Ļ룿
̾һ㲻˽޼ɣǸȻûлۣȴҲһŵˡһϵŶа
ְ̧˰üͷͲҵģһѪҹ䣬α֤İȫҪ治ֻ࣬Ҫܹȵŵֵ֮ǰ޼ɲ¾С
ô
ؿų֪Ȼֻһһߣʵȴǰ˼ȥ޼ڰɡ
ҡͷУǸǺǾżڶ壬ȥ޼ɵڣ
üͷҲ֪ô£Ǿʵѡôһæ
˼һµҲȥڣһᰵб鳤ģҲʧġ
ãԵ¶һ˿οֻҪϳ־ͺãˣűǱߵһ㴦
лл


819
ţгѪǱ׼ôӦ
¶ЦݵǿĺȤҲҺ档ˣ鳤ǲһҽ˳ѪľСֺͳҵӾǽҹȥˣ
ţԵͷ˫֣ͣȻԺΪĦٴԺ顣ҫɭУɱǵˣѪҲܡ
һӵǵ취ѳҸˣǸ˵ǳұأѾͷöˣôôţ
Ե¶ЦݵҲǳΪʲôҪԭ򣬳ڵӲùܶʼﰵض֣ѾЩӦˡ뾡ؽ飬ȻѪǳǼֻصҡ
ŶЦҾ͸żˣ
㲻ӦսҲǸ취ᱻ˳ЦġüͷòǳѪĶ֣뿪ѪǰɣѾǺǼӣʱ뿪
תתӵа취
뿪ûлذ̩С䶷ȥ߽䶷̱˳һţˡ
û뵽޵ɱ񣡡
ܳѪս𣿡

˵Ŀ׷ųӰ˷̨Ǹ̨СѾ˳꣬վԼǰŵʵܳѪս𣿡
ҡҡͷҪսҾսҶûӡҵս֮·ԵȡĿǰǵڰʮɣ
ǣװڷС
ôҰžųӵڰʮڰʮ
ãһ¡
ţͷ
һâɨһߣȻһ𣺡Ƕ۷塣
Χһֱ뿪Χš䡱һ
ûм°ɣͺǶˣ
ǺǶ۷壡
ôģ

ӳѪѿˣ
ѿˣΣˣǺǡ
ǰǾż۷ܹܺǰ˼ڣǺǶ۷壬սʤǾż۷岻ɣ
սʤ⣬ԳͳҵĹϵҿֱӰѶԷնɱ
Ǻǡֿˡ
˵Ѫ֪᲻ŵֱ䣿
ҲδػӮ˵Ǿż۷ʱܹʤǰ˼ڣںǶʱܹʤǾż۷塣˵ˣܹԽսΪĵѵУڰǿĳѪûУ
ѪľҲܹԽף˵Ǿż۷ʵʹѾܹϵһһǿ
ҵڴɱɱ޵ɱ
ôһ˵Ҳڴ
޵ɱٴι䶷Ϣ˲ԸַʽѪǴѪһ߷£䶷ӿѪǵĵ̨Ҳ̴棬ֱ֮
ʱ̨֮ϻǿյģĹϯ½һӰڹϯϳֻ֣һµĶ̩ɽ˳
쿴ǳѪ
Ѫˣ
ʮĿֻ˲ͻڳѪϡѪĿ˸һ£ʮʿͬʱоһ˿ɱǵĺӶһ䣬ջѪĿ⣬һаصɱ
аˣ
ڹϯһźɫߵĿͳѪһȻ˫ƿ
ɱҲˣ
һͺ˵ĿһϯȥһŽɫߵ¡
䶷̨ͻȻڣǻӭսߣǿʮ޵ɱ񡭡
һһ׷ͨϣӰڹ֮ϣûдߣϿվȭͷʱȫĹڡ
꣡
꣡
꣡

顭
̨µĳһݣ̨ٴȫ
ꡭ
ͻȻһȫѹȥ񱩵˳ȫһӰĿѭ˹ȥĿͳѪĿڿڿռײȫĹڸоѹ
С㲻ӭҵս𣿡Ѫƺ¡¡̨֮ϵĳѹ˹
΢΢¶һ˿ЦݣȴûĿ⻺ƿʱٴ˰Ȼǻӭǿʮ硭
һ׷ڹ֮ϣγڹͬӭɽĻ磡
磡

ಡ
ӯ̨֮ϣվ˳Ķ档ľŶһɨȷ˶ԷǺǰ˼ڵʵڵǳ̻֮תǱڻۣʽĵ˲ۡ
ԷҲȡһ˳ǹǹ۷貵Ĺâ

ʼ졣
顭
ͬʱŶԷȥһһǹ̨֮Ϸ˲ײһ

ײڿռʧϡǾż۷ʱ佫Էĳǹ߸ߵĺɣε˳ȥû䵽棬оѪˤ䵽̨֮ϣѾ˹ȥ
䡭ϯˣ׶Ļƿ˷
꣡
꣡
꣡

Ŀ˹ϯϵĳѪеĹڶһۣ䶷̰ҶڵȴԳѪ˵ЩʲôѪĿҲ˲


820
ǡ
ĿȴƿˣеĹһʧʧвɷһ
һȴʱ
̶̵ĲһСʱ˾ŸߣӰǿĵʮһֱܵʮ˺ܵĶѾǺǰ˼۷塣
Ŀٴ˹ϯϵĳѪѪĿҲǿƵ˳꣬˵Ķ߷·Ŀײ
ѪҺҾ𣿡
˾һеĿⶼڹϯϳѪϡ
͡ѪֻǷһЦ
ջĿ⣬˲ϯҪսǿʮʮ
ҵ
еĹڿЦãԭΪֱսǿĳѪȴû뵽ȴȥսʮʮ
ȴȫѪ͹ڣֱ̨ȥϯϵаȥɱҲվųıӰ¶Ц⣺е˼
ǻصԭȵıͷ˱Ȼص˰̩СԼıһڱ㿴ԼıæţһסԼıڣڿеɳϣһˮš
ɳ
᳤ôֱӰǸѪɵ
ǺǡɳϣһˮҧһڵرˣѾͷöˣǼڴѪǳûнⷽ⣬ǻͲҾôȥǷѪڵ⡣ԣżҲϵԽãԳҾԽ
˵һ˿ɫʧȥأȴʼҲǵˣ˸ʼﰵؿʼʳңҲò˶ãҾ㲻ܹд½Ҳһ壬ȻҪһǺǡ
ˡ
ֻȡֻεĺϴҪѪǰǿĵѪ
ô֪Իʵ
д½ϻв֪𣿳Ұ½ˣ˵ϴ㺦ˣڲҴӦѪԼϴ㲻˰ɣ
ֻǺǶѪǺǾż۷壬˵²£Ц˵
ҲϴǶˣȴûлش⣬ֱڵ绰ǱߺУҵȥѪǣôŰѪ
϶ŰѪǳѪŰң
ǱѾҶ˵绰һ£Цõط˵绰绰ûзŵϣ꿪˵绰˷ӥϴʲôʵˣ
겻׷ӥΪʲôôʣͻȻһѵзӥӦ˵߿ʼˣ
˵ϴҪսǾż۷ĳѪ
⡭㶼֪ˣ꾪ȵʵ
ô˵ˣӥǱߵԵ˷ϴѾնɱǾż۷ˣ
Ϊ˱Լ֣ʲôֶζʹ˳
ϴʲôʱʼ
Ҫɣ
̶ȥѪǡ
Ǳ߹ϵع˵绰óֻֱֻһ
꣬˵ǲģ
ǡ
裡
ͷ֪跢ʲô衣
ҲѾﵽǸ̶ȣҪȥ
䣬ξ͹˵绰óֱʯ
᳤ôˣڳǰš
ûʲôһȺеĵ۵ˣվ¥ȥ
ڶ죬̩߳СŵʱѾСǰƵΣҲ֪ˣڰ̩СǰƣǾŰ
Сֵ߶ƺƵظųһ䶷䶷ٴαǿǰʮ߾㶼ڿ̨֮ϡжԵĽǺǰ˼ڵǰ˼۷塣Լжֵǣǵж϶Ƕ۷սʤʮǰ˼ڵ۷塣
ʵҲʮǺǵһлܶԷȻûһбеУȴܿͽʮ
˽һֵʱ򣬽Ŀٴ˹ϯϵĳѪȵѪ㻹ҺҾ𣿡
ʱҪ󣡡Ѫȵϣųꡣ
ܵȻȻֵúǿƣĳɼҲܹûʲôġֳʮȴӳϸоһ˿ѹʱǵ˳뷨ҪһʤƽѪѪޱߵѹ
ǡ
ܹһɱѪǰ
̨֮ϡ
Ŀ˲ϯ˵׼ʮҪսǿϵʮʮ
ϯϵǰʮѡɫ΢رǸʮѡɫһʵѾǺǾżڣǴʱȴû˿սʤġ
ǿ䶷ȫѪǣд½
ǼѾˣĴҲǵӼеĶʵ֮Ϊʥӣο൱ʥż֮ľ
д½߿ʼѪǻۣʱǶ֪Ҫһһش򵽳Ѫĸǰǻʱϵֳ
ľֳۿǾһź
Ͼд½ѾѿϵսˣǼսǶսھźǿĽá
겻֪Щ飬ʱڷﳢͻƵһٸѨϣͻƵıϣľѾڵǳ֮ȫ֮ǰıȴ쳣̣صס˳ǳ֮
̩С߹һˣмһʮߣΣֻҪһۣ֪ҵӣɷŵưһߣлһǹ


821
˾޼ɺТ죬ΧʮߣˡЩеǴ޼һѪǵߣѪǹߣűŹĻԱǰ档
űƵұۻű߽̩С֮˫˸ŸӵĿ⡣һӵС߾Ȼ㷭ˣзǳزʡТ޼֮̽˵һ顣
Тɫһ޼ɵһģΪ˴ǰӲѪΪߵʿʥ֮׵ТоǳڸѣС֮ǰܵĴ֪Ҳ֪ǱűƵͬ˰̩С
ڳǵãһССǼߣû뵽ѾΪ˺ǼߣʥӵУҶ񱻳÷зĳͳѪľҲ˵ˣжԳѪǳرӣһǾż۷սһǶⲻ۸
˵굽ĿǰΪֹûдӦսвɰ껹֪ԼＸûԴȥܳѪս
Ż᳤ôкιɣõ˻㱨̼СеűƵǰͬʱȥ֪ͨꡣ
űƵһЦʦܣһ£λʥ֮Т죬ʦ֣λĹ޼ʦ֡
ɫ΢䣬ȻѪʼæСֵ±Ƕڵʥ֮ТҲŹû˵޼ɡ֪ĶҲ͹ˣֻǲ֪Щܵʲô
ʦ֣ʦ֣̬ò˵
ţТ쵭ص˵ͷ
룡Ҳ޷ƽТ̬ȣݺʵТ̫ԶТ΢ɫϣűϵɫܹоԷЩ˲ǱҲûа취ֻõųͷʹˡ
ǲΣǺͳվһѾҪôô˵ТΪУΪΣ
ڸʲôʲô
СЩТ˵ĿⶼЩƣǵûܹȡλãΪд½ΪҲϧ
һߵ˹ĴſڣТĽŲһ٣Ŀǿ鹫ϡһԵ˺ȵȥǸժ

ʱ粻ܲˣТʦǺ⣿
Т΢΢һüͷûȥ磬ԵǸǰ˼ߺȵû˵Ļ𣿡
Ǹɫһ䣬ҡ

Сֵߺҵǰ棬ŭصТ졣Ǹǰ˼߽Ųͣһȭ˳ȥкȵ
һȭӭ˹ȥվһԵűǸһ˿Цݡ
䡭
һ죬Ǹǰ˼ĵصˣһֱ˵ТĸǰТִӺ󱳷ס΢΢̧ͷſȥ
λشӿ˵ǰиŭТҪӣ˭ջֻѹеŭ𣬵˵ʦ֣
꣬ôĵӣТȻȵȻʦֳ֡
국ؿһǸǰ˼ߣȻТ쵭˵ֲǵһʦֳˣʦһֱڣ᲻֪ɣ
Тɫһ䣬ڵΪȻǵˣɱŵӺ洫֮䣬̸ɫ䡣
ֻŵӺ洫֮䣬ʥ֮䡣Т첻ûѵһ٣֪Ϊһʥһ洫ӳ֣Ǹˡһֱš
꾹Ȼ˵ⷬǾڳشȫ
һԵ޼ȴ۾һ˵ʵڵģһֱТ첻ôԸǰڳһʦֵģòȻڵĵӶһ㣬ǶĶҲʱѵ⡣
Կ궥ײТ죬бǰˬ˲;ó˳˺ܶ࣬׽˺ܶ࣬Цʦܣ㲻վɣʦԶôҲȸˮȰ
ľһɨԷһ弶֪ԷԿе޼ɣ޼ɵ̬ҲоУϱ¶ЦݵĲ˵ˮһܱ
У޼ֱӷһ۵͸ˮȰ
ЦҪģΪϲˮǺǡ룡
䣬ȥ޼һТʦ֣ߣվˡ
Тɫԥһ£ջǸ޼һӣȴѾ¶˾ģһһóȥǿժ
߽˷֮һŭΪ꾹ȻѾλϡТڣ˭λϣ
꿴Ĳˣ
Т춨վųĶ棬ôֱֱ͵ų꣬һԵ޼ȴ͵͵ų˴ĴָóǸһ˿Цݡ
ТԼע£ֳܹһ˿ЦݣеŭʢһԵűϾֻЦݣаСӻǲ֪
˶ŵųֻ꣬Ҫһ£ǾǲҪҲҪТƴˡ
ǹҵʱ򲻼ТӱˣТװʲô⣿
֪꣬Т˵
국ؿһ۵תߣ
ۡһԵ޼ɾ̲סЦҲ̫ˣͲشТ⣬ֱӸˡ
Т̤ǰһҪ֣޼ȴǰһסТʦ֣лú˵Ҷͬţˡ


822
ТһоЩʧȥ˴ʦֵݣƽһԼ꣬ԳһᣬҪڣ
ǿ׳һοТ죬аûгңԸ˦ֲܣֵʴʣ
ԭͿТ첻ˬҲûк͵˼ת޼ɵλʦְɣ
ţҾǣᵽ㡣޼Це˵
꣬شҵʻТȻ
ȴûȥû˵һ㣬޼˵ʦ֣Щ㻹ǲҪܡɱ˴ܵĵܵܣ˵ѾϵѪǣҪɱ㡣
û£ʦڣ޼ɴֵ˵
΢΢һüͷ˵Ѿǰ벽ϵ㻹ǶСġ
˵úһԵűƼ˵Źʦ֣ɳЩӶϣװʲôˣ
󱳿ϣ˵ʦ֣컹Ҫ̨ûʲô飬ذɡҪһǰŷ䡣
Тһָһ̽ɢᣬǿժ
Ȼ˵ڶָڶʮӴȡ
곯˻ֵͿͣ
Тɫһ꣬Ҫ洫õʥʥֲšҾͽѵһ٣㶮ʥӵĹء
顭
Тһȭ˿ûʹȫҲҿ꣬Ϊղ˺ǰ˼һȭҲ˼ɣһȭ㱬Ǿżڵܡ
絶ƷĹǱڱʽТȭͷȥ
顭
͵ķɢΧ߶׷׵źȥ޼ɴ۾ų꣬Ȼϵ˵ʵǿģȴȫû뵽ǿ˳̶ȡ
ŵš
Тȫû뵽ᱬǾż۷βɺվ˫֮â˸
Т죬ǻҪ㱣޼ɣҽͽ
㡭
죡Ȼȣ㲻ЩҾͻ᷵ڣʱ̨ϼ
Тһݣ̨֪ϵķǾǲݡҴʱѾ֪ʵԲ֮£ǣ֪꾿ûʹȫ
ǲˣֻк޺޵һ˦һȥ鳤¡
국˵ѵűûоʹȥҹ鳤𣿡
ТתűƣűƵϾֳһ˿ңȻǿ򶨵ضԳ˵ѵҹ鳤鳤ʶ㣿𣿡
ֳȥ鳤֪ˣ
ߣТҲȥˣӳоܹ飬鳤һ֪ȥǾǶˡ
꣬лһ޼ɳųڰ֣ȥ
޼ɵıӰа˲
ڶ졣
䶷ٴα
ТҲ˿̨ϣڳТطŭܳ꣬ѵĳڵ̨ϣڵĵӶԼ£Ҫۿʵ
ǡ
ʧǣûпĵƣֻûһеʮߣӰǿʮ˵ʮ
˽һߵʱ䶷ûл˵Ŀⶼ˹ϯϵĳѪ
̨֮ϡ
ĿңϯϵĳѪǸһ˿ؼѪ㻹վҵĶ𣿡
䶷һƬžҶڵųѪĴ𰸡Ѫֳͬһ˿ؼأ
국һЦĿ˲ϯ죬׼ʮҪսʮʮ
ϯŵʮ콫ͳһսߣɫءǿ˳ǿΪߵѪҲ˳ֻǿߵѹ²ܹõͻƣһϰĶ־
صԼıѰͻƵǵһٸѨϵıϾͬͭǽһǰ
һֱ˰ʱ֣š
ʦ֣㡣
ľ˳ȥֳ΢ЦӴ˷һ¥ȥһ߶˵㣬׼䡣
ƿ˱ĴţڳǰӰ
ϴ󣡡һֺĺӵһ˵ʤʮʮ߶Ǻǰ˼ڵ۷壿

ݺݵӵһΣȻֱַͽ䣬ӵ
ϴԽԽˣǺĲԽԽˣĿ⸴ӵųꡣ
磬̫ˣ˵콫սʮǰ˼ڵ۷ߡ
ţͷݣ
ĸڴɳ໥ŷʱԵ飬䣬κҲûԼϵ⣬һһ
賿
ֱǰγҲûͷųֱſڣƿ˴ţ裬ŷκͽվ档
˵ĹϵǢҲǺϤϵ׷ִŻǳ塣
ֳЦݣչ˫ӭ˹ȥ˵ֳһ˿Ȼ˵ϾֳֿЦݣųչ˫ۡ
꣬ͳѪľûпʼɣ
ûУҪ죡ЦǺǵ˵ݣκͽҲڡ
ĸ˽뵽Σ¥ͽģ΢΢һ£ȻɫľȻвЦֵܿһǲС


823
ա
䶷ָɾػ˰ǿʮʮߣĿһ˹ϯϵĳѪǣγȴûֻǵһЦһЦгšת˲ϯ죬Ϊ׼ӵʮʮߡ
̨֮ϣТų̨ıӰĿ˸ʮ߲ûгԤϣϾͳԹһȭֻǽûп˿ЩʧʵսʮһҲñ¶һЩƣǳʼԪʮֵľ档
ֻܹϣˣ
ڳ̨һɲǣϯϳѪ΢΢һ۾ʵЩ⡣ԭڳʼսʱʮֵزԸ⣬ǳ֣ͲһССĳ귢ս̫ˡ
ҳ껹δӭսȫԾܾ
Ѫڹε͵߿θߵսθߵ߲ܹܾսǵθߵε͵սʱε͵ȴȫԾܾû˻Ц
϶겻ӦսԳҲŰӰ쳴д½Ҫȳ겻ܹܾ
ǡ
ȫû뵽ַʽսûаչؽܳѪսһشĸǰ
Ѫûиܵһ˿ѹܵЩߣҲܹܣΪԼĻȳáֻǳΪڴоԼܵս΢΢۾ıӰɱ⡣
ϯϵɱ¶˸ȤЦݣ뿪ˡ
뿪䶷Сһ·ЦȻס˽ŲĿվϵһߣųЦݣչ˫ۡ
Ǹ˵ҲֳЦݣչ˫ų˺ݺݵӵһ
ӥˣ
յ˵ʤʮ
Ǻǣߣǻؼң
ص˱꽫ڿͷӥԼ鷿֮󣬳ʵӥؽôˣ
Ѿ߹ģҲ˲ٵᡣֻЩߵʵңЩѹס˵һĻ˵شʱʹˣǳʱûм㣬ѾҵĻЩɡϴܹȥһˡ
ãͷȥǣһȥһˡʱǰԵ𣿡
ûУӥҡͷеĿֲӣð֮ĶĿ˳ңǽͷö˭һ⡣ûʱȥ򣬳Ѿأ֪ٱһ᲻ӦұҶʣµرøˣÿкǾż򡣡
Ŀ˸һ£ֽ˼£ѾԼ뿪ѪǵʱһҪٻȥһء
ϴ׼ʲôʱȥأ
˼һ£øԼʱ䣬ڰʱڻܹͻƺҲҪ뿪ѪǣҲȥһܹõͻơ
ڣһȥ
ãڻص㣡ӥһȻƺʲôϴǿֲдһϢ˵ܴѪǣ׼ɱĶӣ
յϢˣˣ˽𣿡
νʮǿиܼû֪ҲһżȻе֪һߣľҲ֪
ľһΪһߵȻ֪ߵĿֲ˵õɱ֣˷ʤ
ɫأ޼˲ᣬЩϲΪҪǣ¶ԳĲһԹˣ޼Ƥӵ³¡һʵӥľѻˮƽΣ
ӥЦˣֲӻвѻ𣿲ֻˮƽˣܴɵǣҵˮƽܸߡ
ߣȥǼһ£
ͷӥ˳˺ϴʲôǲл鰡
Цһƨɳʵ缸ľѻˮƽΣ
䣬Σͽ໥һ۵Ƕˮƽһ㣡
Һǹŷֵ˵
ŷεͷŷҲһߣȻѻˮƽܸߡ
Ҳᣡɥ˵
ڰʾⲻҪȻǰļ˵ԴȤ𣿡
ǸֲӣЦ
ţĿŷΣͽģŷЦҪɱ޼ɵҲ֪ˣǶԱ޼ɲȤɱȴܸȤ
¶Ǹֻǵǹۿ
ҡҡͷ꣬˵ʵĲθ̫߳࣬ıǰˡԭǱۿһԼȴ̫ࡣ
ĬȻʱǲýӻЦ˵ǸܵʵǿѾһֻ̤˰벽ϵҲδܹɱ
΢΢üͷһ׼ɱϵߵľѻǹֻǸһϢǸܻһߣֻǾ粻ꡣ
һ㶣ŷε۾ʲôܹ;ɱһ߸˷ܵ飿Ҳ֪֮
һߣɱҲӦ֪ܹͷųһ磬ͻǰ֪Ǿѻ·ߣһ벽ϵߣ㿪ǵľѻѡ
ͷһǾɱ㲻ܹɱҲܹһЩжڶǴܲһǰһЩ¡Щ³֣Ҫһʱ佫ɱ
û⣡


824
ôоһ¾ѻĵص㣬޼ÿջ䶷ۿҵıж·ġ

¥
İ칫ڣվһǰװһ֧֧ѻǹһ֧֧װõľѻǹȻʵ鳤ûҵܵĲ֮أ
ûУ̧üĵߵҴǲס
Ҫģϵ߲Ѿ𣿡
ǵˣǴܹԾڿֲʮûʧֹɼʵҾ˵ɱɹϵߣӡ
鳤յϢǸܻһߣ
ʲôһӴϢȷ𣿡
ȷ
ҵȥһ£
ԼҴҵ뿪Ҳüͷ뿪¥վſ̧ͷһۿе΢⣬̾ϢһŰ̩Сȥ
Դ֪˴һߣһľ˳ȥѪǣɨһСʱȴûзִܵ˵ټεջ˾룬зֳһ־Ѫǹֶȥҵ޼ɣ޼ɵ˷ص׾
һֱֻһ־顣
ǵڶվ̨֮ϾʱҲֳһ־ſ̨ϵ޼ɡ
޼ɵϵߵʱеĵĻǷ˲١
䶷ոӵңΪսʮ߶ǺǾżڵ۷ߣǹϯϵİǿǰʮҲ˺ܶࡣ
ڷֽĳƺЩ״̬ȻҲһл˶֣ȴûյϬսʤһ֮ûȥһ۹ϯϵĳѪֻŲϯսսڶʮڶʮ֮󣬱̨뿪
Ѹ뿪䶷ĳ겢û̷ذ̩СǷһ¥¥ĶˣѪֶȥ
ʱ䶷ɢ֮ʱߴ䶷ӿ˳޼ҲС
Ȼһľгʮ˸ѻ֣ʮ˸ѻ裬Σģ䣬ŷκͷӥʮ겢ʶǳȴԿ϶ЩвܶǿֲӣҲһֲӶûУɳ޼ɵġ
һóʮΪѣ֪ЩĸǿֲӣҲͲܹǰֹǡ޼ʧٴΣ֮С
ֳʮƾרעع۲ʮѻֻ֣˲жϡеİ˸ѻĿһֱ޼ɣĶʮĸѻĿⲻסɨš
ǰ˸޼ɵľѻһɱ֣µĶʮĸӦǱ޼ɵľѻ֣ʱѰΧûаɱ޼ɵľѻ֡
ֻǰڵЩ˶Լʮע⣬ѰҵĶǾѻλãûֱܹ˴ˡ
ȡֻ˻ģʽ˵ŷΣİ˵ӷʹõ¥һֲӾѻ֡ӥĵӷӰԺʮ㣬ڰ˸һֲӾѻ֡Σĵӷ򣬰˰֮⣬ѪǹĴ¥һֲӾѻ֣

һ˵ѻֵλãȻȡ˾ѻǹԼ˵߸ֲӾѻ֣Ȼ׼𣿡
׼ˣ
ж
顭
ȹ˰߸ѻӦ
顭
ŷεҲ˰ֻŷλһֲӣֲӶظоΣǰһ˳ȥ
䶷ǰһƬңڵ߽޼ɽذΧм䣬һ־ʼհ޼ɣͨµĲ֣ʹӵʹɽɱˣȻǳעһ㡣ȴûзִɱ˵ټ
ݶ֮ǹǶʮĸѻҲ˲ֱѣֲӵķʮѻֶԸֲӣֻǼӵʱ䣬ͽֲӻУҲͬʱڰ˸ֲӾѻֻС
ã
ȻһľȻ޼ɵΧ۶׵ľߴӴԪռڸȡһŻͲֻǿǻͲʽ֪һܹ䱬ϵߵĸƵӻͲ
̵תǹڣѸٵһֲӣͬʱ󺰵Сģ
飡
һֲӱһǹͷֲӵĻͲѾҫĿİ׹⡣
ಡ
һϵһץ޼ſзȥһϵȡһѴ󽣣˹ſֲնɱ˹ȥֻ˲ʵµ߱촷ۣ⻹ڳǰ£ǼܹʱӦ߻ĸࡣ
䡭
ΧֲֳӣͬŻͲŷеǸϵߺȥǸץ޼ڿͬش
顭
ʱڵоѻֶӵ
ڳ¥ݶϳߣǵڳѪ֮ʱһ·׷ɱ߼ߡѾҫɭлͻȻĴɱоˣŻ֮ʱɱ˻ɵҡ
ҲǾѻ֣رʵﵽ˺߼ѻˮƽҲӦߡںڰ֮УѸٵؾ˾ѻǹȻëղһֱע޼ɺЩֲӵϣԼİȫǾĸоȴʱоΣ˲˳ȥ
顭
ǹ죬޴ı¥¥Ʒɡ
ھ˲߼ߣϳˣеľѻǹеһǸ߼߻Ϊʱһǹ˶Էͷ­


825
顭
һ̨ĳȻһŶ¥֮ϣȻһ죬¥̮һεķڡ
ľѸٵ׽λã˦һǹӵײ˴飬ǿӵڷڻһߣǸߵࡣ
ߵ屻ӵ޴ײɣڿ˫Ŀ¶ŵĿ⡣
ȻһоΧյĿɨȥʱڽֵԵķվһߣĿɨȥˡ
Ȼôֲӣ
ǳ겢ģľѾ˽⵽߲ǺǼһǼʱǰϵڱ޼ɣҲڿУңң˾ͽңҵϵҲڿУڶԸֲӵϣ˵Ŀһµġ
ǣЩϵҲ֣ǶˣܴЩֲӻʲô
˵Ŀ⼯һ¥֮ϣ¥֮վŶʮˣվΪ׵һ׳ܵӣһ۾ϳǴܣϹͨϵƬһģһ
ʱηؿſƮЩϵߣȻЦЦܳűԵϵ߱м޼ɺȵ޼ɣˣ
֮ڿ𵴣һ֡
¡
̨֮ϱһһǻףһλףǴܴӴԪռȡ
ʮֻ˲ͽ뵽֮УǸڶʮߵĲ£ſз
ͬʱгʮ߸ϵߺ޼ɰΧм䡣վڵϣſȥ
ʮÿһаϣͷŽ⡣
ǡ
Ϸһڿڣ׼˿еߡ
ಡ
Ȼץס޼ɣ˲ͽ䵽棬޼Тһ
Т޼תͳ䶷Դڵһ壬˲飬α㳯һ˹ȥ
䡭
ʮͷųһ٣߱촷ۣ¥ʼϵָ߳ޣܹҲֻǱӡ
䡭
߸ϵڿʮĺеıѾݺݵغڽͷ

ײĺ쳹߸Ȼûб䱬ȴܲסϵߵ׳Ȼ󷭹
䡭
ײ䶷ǽڣӽ䶷޼׷˹ȥʮ׿ʼΧ߸ϵߡ
׿ſеĴսʣϵߵѪڡڽֵһߣǸһ·׷ɱѪǵĳǾż۷Ŀų꣬һ˿ź
źղûлг꣬Ѿ֪Ѿʧȥ˳һɱĻᡣһ˷Լڻɱ꣬ᱻ̵ֲӣ۳ңҵľƲãڡ
䡭
һڳǰף޴Ʒɣڿз˼ͷڵϣĺˡȻһתһ壬µĴֳһӣбԱߵһȴ˽ȥ
䡭
ڳղĵطһһӡβͣײһȴ£ظоֲսܹġ
δһȴȻֱسһݶ֮ϡҷȥ߸ϵںʮսһţҲĺǼŽ׷Ч΢
ϵ߷ǳǣ޼ɣҪƽ׵ĺΧǶ赲˻ĸϵǸĵЩףѪɴʧֻ޼ɵʲôϵ
࿴Тű޼ɲͣһм䴩ţں׷ᡣ
ܼڲͣغǱڽдţߵĴ¥ʱصϾǻҡ
վ¥ϣףа򲻹ǣܵùǰɣ
ˡ
꾫ȫϵ۷ľӵ˼㣬ѾӰĳ̶ˣǳ˶ϵ㡣һʧڰһϳ֣ͬ˲һ㡣
ТűͻȻоһᣬڿм޼Ѿʧټǰȥ㿴ǰӰ˲ʧȻֳڰ׿꣬Ȼʧ
ǼĿ⻹Ǻֻһɲǣ˾Ϳ޼ʧԶǸǳꡣͬʱһϵطֿͷȥ
ѪǵĶʮ¥ͷųҫ۵Ĺâҫ۵Ĺâֵһ˲䣬߸ϵ߱Ÿ߿ռٵطȥʮ¥˶ʮŵǸٳ
ʮ˸ͱУʱһѷӿ׹䡣
ಡ
߸ϵߴӸ߿н䣬ɫʮѿңңҺ˾ͽҵϵΪѪʧ޴󣬶ϵΪ֪޼ɵġ
ಡ
Тűƴӷз˻һӱǰʵ޼أ
û£Тɫӵ˵ͳһ𡣡

һ֪ʲôԭԳһĪΡʱڵϵҲԵߣԵ˵ǸТȥɣһҪѪǵƺ
һ޼û£ҲһԵͷţȥɣ
̩С
ıڡ
һȺɳϣТ죬űƣ޼ɣϵߣߵɳ磬裬Σ䣬ģӥ
æŶ˲赹ˮ


826
޼ɽеĲˮһ²豭Ĩһų˵лл
ҡҡͷûʱľûзΪòѧϵ˵ʮ׶Ѿը٣˶ѾҲ⡣
ǡ
ⲻѧ
ܿһߣɱ޼ô᲻þʽֱѵֶΣ
޼ɣǻȥɣߵϵ߶޼˵
޼ҡͷȥҪſҳͳѪľٻȥ
ϵ໥һۣо㶼¶֮ɫǶԳҲܺ棬һǶ۷ߣȻܹһ·ɱѪǰǿǰʮսʮʮҪ֪ʮֿɶǺǾżڵ۷塣֪ǳѵǳô
¾°ɣұߵǸϵ˵ѾˣҲˣҲûʲôΣˡ
̫ˣ޼ɻһȭͷȻų˵꣬һҪѳѪɱҿǸģͲˬ
ȴ·û޼˵һ㣬΢΢üͷڲס˼š
Ϊʲôþ
ѵ
һӥ˵ܻᾫһܣûм֪
ѵǲ뱩¶Լᾫ飿
׼
ֱֶΣܹɱ޼ãͲᱩ¶ģܵơɱ޼ɣþɱ޼ɡ
ôǸ¶ĴܾӦǼٵģĴܲûһһضĳطȴŸ޼һ
ʱе˶ΪѾˣ޼ɵıһɡͬʱ޼ɱҲɾ裬ٰɱɺܶࡣ
ꡭꡭʲô
걻޼ɻѣȽͷ˳Χ̽һ飬ûзִܵټȻǷֳһ־޼ɣȻų˵ʦ֣㻹̷Űɣ
Ϊʲô޼
Ҹоܲû
ʲô
޼ɻûзӦǼȴ
꣬˵ģ
ţصصͷ
ᰡܱըڻ氡
ǸܺܿǼٵģ
ʲô֤ݣ
ҡͷûУ
ΪʲôΪû
оȻԼһߣϤ߰ɱֶΡ
оǼߵֳһ˿м
ҡҡͷ֪ʱ˵ʲôҲûãֻԼСһЩˡ
һҹ޻
¶΢ʱ򣬳۾߳ţϴ֮󣬴¥ʱҶѾ˿֮ڣҹҶ޼ɵĻ˵еȫ
һ㣬ҲǺΣ˭ǳ꽫޼ɾ˻
űƵɫѿȴҲû˿취ףӴ˿𣬳Ľˡ
緹֮һһ䶷ȥ·;У޼ɻһֱͣؿ佱ŽϳԵĴϡͱһֱ׷ųŪġʱܲ͸һЩ
䶷ҲһЩò¥ԾɽС
վ̨֮ϣɷֳһ־ſ̨֮ϵ޼ӭսŶ֡ϺǾżڵ۷ߣͿʼЩΪܹʹĵʽһʹʽҲֻܹӭսһܹľ
ʽһڵԪͻһɨա
ʽܹﵽʵҲǺǾż۷壬ȺǾż۷岢߳١սʮ֮󣬳ĶͷѾЩ΢
ϯϵĳѪ¶˲мɱ¶ʧ
һŲϯ˵ҽսǿڶʮڶʮΪ׼
һ·Ĭػص˱Ҳһ·Ĭѵ޼ɶһ·Ĭÿ˶˳ղսʮǿܹһ·ɱѪĸǰܹսʤѪ
ص˱˴һкصңϥ˴ϣʼͻƺıϡ
ոûһӵʱ䣬껺չڵ
űƿ˽ߵߣһӴԪռȡһƲӷ˳ԵﶼСߵ汲һЩĵãҲ㿴
۾һСߵ汲ɾЩѪǹῴЩˡЩҲյѪǵʱ㣬־ǿЩ츳ȴδزǿǵĵýԼкܴİ
ллֿ˵
ãϣã
˵꣬ת뿪ķعϡ
һӣ˵һҳһҳһҳؿȥü֮䷺ŨȤ
һٿһļزǶԪһЩɣһЩ似廨ţǹֱꪸ似УһŸɡ
ģյģģġ
һֱڶ΢¶ſʮ֮һȴࡣĲԪļɣ似档
ԭڵʱۺϰټ֮д½֮ΪԼĵȼںд½ϵĸ似ûڲĶ似鼮
ʱЩ似һֻȻ֮ƣһܹܳʽķ
ڳ緹ʱ򣬳ɳڶ似֮УɫԵֲɣΧĿʮֵġ
һֱվ䶷̨֮ϣŴ˹жȻһ̽Ŀ޼ɣ޼ɻĲŷ£̷ֳһ־޼


827
̨֮ϡ
ԵǺǾżڵ۷壬óʤøӼѡʤʮ֮󣬳겻ˮѾ͸
ǣĽŲȴûֹͣеĹڼʹ壬ǵġڵĳ껹Ǽս
᲻
ǰųʱеĹźڻǵӮ˽һʱ䶷ȴȸǶھڴս
꽫Ŀ˹ϯϵĳѪƣͻȻֳ˲õЦݡ
ѪԽԽˣǺǡ
䡰ԽԽˡѪȻеĺ壬ڸƽĽŲԽԽˡɫЩѿܹʮǾżڵ۷ҲЩȡ
ʤʮҲܹҪȳ껹һЩǳһرƽòϣļƻɹˣʱѾоһ˿ѹȴɴŵ꣬ȷܹսȥ
ɹŲõЦݣת˲ϯȻƣȴᶨޱȣգΪ׼ʮҪսʮʮ
䡭
̨ˣе߶ھػų֡
꣡
꣡

һ̣оһִƣʱʮڵľںϵһ壬ʱһָоʱһƻ֮ǰ
ʮڵƺƺųۣһоԼڵԪǼ쳣ĺıϾȻʼɶŹڵĻԽߣǱɶҲԽӵ
ǡ
ǳϧǣʱڵԪΪսʮѾĵ߰˰ˣʱԪ۷״̬һָоԼһͻƵ
˳״̬˳Ҳʼ˳ĸоʧó겻źҡҡͷ̨֮ȥ
ϯϵɱĿһо˸ղųϢı仯ĿɨһȥĹڣһ䣺ϧˣ
ص˱ԼǷʳҩָڵԪȻѰ̨֮ϵָоһСʱ֮󣬾ȻҲҲָоʧ۾³һ֮
ʧȥָоҲֻ÷ͻ֮£ӴԪռȡ͸ЩӼлǵرȻţ似ļʣü֮䵴ų
ڶ졣
¥ݿ޼ɵʱ˫֮¶ǣԽԽΪǴûֻǲ֪ܻںʱ֡
óھӵطģܹоһԼպͳѪ֮ǰɱ޼ɣھÿʱÿ̶Ҫֳһ־ע޼ɡ޼ɵǻֵûûΣڿ̨ϻȭͷСС
ԵϵߴʱҲע޼ˣǶԳܸȤǿܹԺǶ۷ʵսʤǾżڵ۷壬ǳ겻ͣʹõһʽԭ
һʽûʲô߼֮ȴ̲֮ƣ֮һ˻ܣóӵԽս
ܲ˵ϵߵĿϬ˴ӳĵһ˿򣬴ʱ˷ܵעųÿһεơ
ϯϵĳѪʱɫѾʮѿѾ˽һȻΪֵĺǾż۷壬Ӯ÷ǳ࣬ϾһҳʱʵѾͳѪȫͬͬǺǾż۷塣
ȻǾż۷֮仹вͬҲռŵʱĶֻռŵʮԳѪʵܹͬͬʱ̨֮ϵĳһʤʮҲԲɣ»ͳһ㣬䤱

ʱȷʵطǳ࣬ʱûʹʽܹʵҲֻǺǾż۷壬Ķʵһģһֻʽ´ʱѾˡ
ӽĵһʼͲòʹó
֮֮
Īóǿһ·սܶ֡ǣʱԵȴʮֳȣ˾ųľһ취Ǿȫķ
վ̨·һ㣬ұ۾ȫƾ׽ֵķ򡣽ÿһӲǺͳƴģֻ֪ǺǶʵĳֹܹ൱ںǾż۷ʵųܹ־ãֹһʮԪѾս˾ųֻҪԼϷͳȥյʤһ
ϯϵߴʱ뷨һǸߵ־ȴǳǿɽƣʮΡ
ϯϵĳѪֳЦѾ̡뷨ͳĶһ̲صԪӲˣҲǳһ޴ûжֲ
ɱȤȻ̨֮ϵĳ꣬Ҫȫ治ľ£᾿Ρ
ʱѾЩ֪ԼڵԪҲάʮӣʮڻܹǰߣΨһ;ʹþȴϣġ
ǶϳѪ޹˼ɵʹþֻҪɱԷʹᱻѪԼĵƶ

һԷֵ˹óкΡ
֮֮
Ѿ˶ֵһŶԷĺնȥԷͬԺ۾һ㣬һ㽫⵲˳ȥٴʧԭأֳڶԷҲࡣ
̨֮ϡ
κңǰ̨ǳӰӣܹۿ˶һߣÿ˶ڴΣյĲǶԷǳꡣ


828
ΣŵѾ˫ֽץԼĴȡ裬ĺŷҲɫأǷӥ޼ɲȣϵļⶼŵŤ
ТĿʮָӣʱһָоʱ̨ԳܿѾ˳С
ΪʥӴʦ֣ʱ˿ɬ
ಡ
̨֮ϵĳٴʧˣڶԷҲ࣬ʩչȴ֮֮ͨ
ǶԷΪǱ۾ȴֻ֪ǸоһҲϮս㳯ųȭͷն
΢˵Уûڵ֮
顭
һսкһһ죬һǿһÿһڱƽ
ڰ챬ʱ򣬰Ѿﵽ˵ھŵҪԷֱۣʱ򣬳ʽѾӭն˹
ĵ֮԰ԵΪƿ˴ƣֻܹӲӶܹܡѾն˹ֻҪɿܹھŵڣȴҲûбȥֵ
ǡ
֣ǵھŵڣ˵ܾܲܵסھŵıƣܹܵסڰڱ֮ʣֵܹסһ
ԷܹΪǿĵʮǹ֮ˣֻ˲˾վɿȭͷǾż۷ݺһȭ˳ǳ
䡭
ǳ˶ԷұۣȴҲöԷӹһ١
顭
ͨĵھӵгڿб죬ǱըڿзԶԶ̨һǡ
Եأ̧ͷŶԷεĺشŴ̨ߡ
Ǹ߷ɿָԼļϵ˼㣬ȻĿԥ˶ĳꡣֻҪɫ֪Ѿǿ֮ĩֻҪԼǰõֻһȭܹնɱ
ǡ
˸ղųͨһʽٿִģ
ǳ״̬
껹һʵԼ״̬յǰǾȥԼԽԽȴػָԽԽǿ
ҪҪԣ
ҡҡͷѾղһնˣ˿ðաһûйϵд½ϵĿƼɬ˵䣡
𡭡
裬ĺŷζ޼ɸڿ̨ϲϵرŻֱۣТ컺վĿ⽥رüᶨ
ҪͻƣҪΪϵߡ
ʱʮףԼͣںǼѾǳĶ֡ʱĳ껹ֻǺǶͻƵ׵ػԼԳٶȣͻƵԶ
ֻڳͻƵ֮ǰͻƵϵܹһν˦Ľܹڵʱ꣬Ҫڳս֮ǰΪϵϡ
̨վֱӣ͸ˮȴڵסӢͦĿ˹ϯϵĳѪǺЦǺǡѪǾͿˣ
Ѫ࣬û뵽꾹ȻһսʤԷ˾裬Ĳǳʵ͵־
˲ĴУ
꽫ͷת˲ϯ˵ҽսǿھ
̨һ̶ҵĻÿ˹жʮֻҪͼǳͳѪ֮ʱҳЮʤĴƣ³ѪΣˡ
ϯϵɱ˫˫ֲ䶯˼£˸ս⡣
ǺһƿҩָһЩԪ̨һսľڵԪ
ص˱֮󣬳ֳԵȥѰһͻƵȴɵʧֻٴȡЩ
ʱ۽磬Щ似Լĵ似սڴɡ
еĲӣվҵ룬˫ֻת̶ԽԽ죬ϵҲڲͣر仯һᣬһͣһһ󡭡
ԭȫͬķתڳнرô죬տʼЩɬرתԲ硭
䶷ѾҵرľԤʾųͳѪܷ档
죬ĶֻˣʵҲǺǾż۷塣
˿ɲͨĺǾż۷壬ÿһ߶ԼǿһȺǾż۷ɱλÿһ˶ܹԽսͬʱҲ־ǿ֮
˵ҪʤˣսʤǿĳѪס
ǣʱվ̨֮ȴʮֵƽƽдż˵ţվжֳһ˿졣
ͨһʮۿľҲΪõĶԲߡȻһֱԪľǰǿھҲԽսʵȻ˵ܹսʤϵһߣϵһȫ˻мְաֻĵһԪ

ֻҪĵ֮һԪԼǿһлгꡣ
ǡ
Ϊʲôģ
һѾ¶˳ѵԼ֪
ⲻܣ
ܹߵһ֤겻һɵӣɵӣһӦһϻ֮ˡ
ˡ
ߵƤӾһѵ껹ûʹȫŵƣ

ǱųѪȥģһĵơ
뵽һ㣬ĸӾ˫䱸ŶĳꡣûжѾһȻʼڷô͵ų


829
ŲڼװšѾ׼þˡ
ûа취
ʹʽ⣬Ѿûа취սʤĶ֣һгѾףѾҵ㣬ڵԪۺֻаԼ뵽֣ʧܵľһꡣ
ֻþȴñ˿ӵоֻҪʹþеԷʶڶԷѣεһɲǣͿ¶Էء
ӴԪռȡǳŶ治ߣѾ׶Է뷨ԷڵԼԼԪ
꣡
Ȼ䲻֪ǿ̨ϵ˭úһɤӣʵʱ̨ϵʮڼܼһųӵһһһش
ÿһжиΪǿߵΣҲͬһ·ս˵Ļ
ųһһǰǶԼ˳꣬ѳ굱ԼĴˡõһǶо·Լһ㡣
Ѿͦ˵ʮǰûһߡһսѾ¶㣬ȻӮʤǽĳȴЩѾѳ굱żĹг˵ǡ
ԣһۺ˳ֺ˸ߺų֣ǶΪԼżͣϣܹ󼸲ջܳѪΪ̨ϵߡ
꣡
꣡

˲ӣϯ̨ʮһ𻶺ų۶
ɫˣоĳڱǿ

ҵָоƿشƵĸоڵǳ֮ÿ߶ͷתеǳȻ졣
ѪһٸѨǰıٴɶʮߵƻڳϡ
ɫ׵رˣʱһָоĶֲǳһˣ䶷ڵˡͬŭһѹȶΪ֮ͣ͡
ܹٵˣ
һ̣ıע⣬֮ǰĲԣ²ó֣ʧȥġ
ȳִ֣ơ
顭
̤ǰһη̨ƽУͬһ֧˶ĳ꣬еĽ֧Ľ⡣
գ۵ʱ䶼ξʹ̨һӾ͵һߣʺ˺ƿᣬ·һܷɻɹзХ
顭
̤һһ̤Ͻ̨Ϊ֮һΣӴ
һ̨̤֮ϾųɵĹվۿ·ǿһƱ۷塣
顭
ϵطʹþʱоԼѾǿʢδйĸ߶ȣ˵ǰֻһˣһɽҲһҪԸ
йȥйȥ֪Լ᲻
һ̨֮ϵĿռ䶼·ҡΣоһ·һƣǿ˲й

䶷˾޴ǳһֳĸоʮڶһֳĸо·ǵųһй
䡭
һֻʽǱܾȻ˵ʽ̵ǰĳȻ飬ߵ屻ǳһնڿзֳ룬̨֮ϡ
չŰСʱϢʱ䡣û˻̨һǣվ̨룬۾ĬĬŸղơ
ƲڵƵƿһ⣬ΪҪĵһٸѨϱɿһ˿ѷ졣
Ȼֻһ˿ѷ죬ȴԤʾź߳˵һ
ȡһƿǳҩ׺˽ȥȻŸղƿʼһٸѨϵıϡ
㳡ϵĹڶžϯϵĳѪƤ΢΢һղųһһȫܹܲȫÿһζܹʹһͲñˣȥ·һ
ǣҲ֪ҪһĻԵͬһֻ£ǶֻܹԵ
ܹڻнƣʮڵƽ赽һһֻԵֻԵǿģͬһֻֻܹһΡ
Ҳ˵ڻнʹһҪͬĻʹһǲܡ
ͬһУһոս󱳺ӱϣֲ
̨֮ϵĳ꣬ɢһƣƾǴơȻѪûƣȴֱܹ
ৡ
亹ִƣܹظʹղŵһ
ϯϵɱ˫Ҳͼƿִƣֻǳϵʮֵزȶ
ڣϯϵɱȻһ̾¶˿ϧ֮ɫ
̨֮ϡ
ϵƺȻɢȥ۾˫Ŀ֮ͬźʧˣǳһٸѨʧˣжƵҲʧˡ

ϯϵĳѪһһź̫ˣ̫ˣһܹɳǳҵجΣһҪɱ̨֮ϡ
ʱǿڰѾվ˳Ķ棬г˽䱸ղųһǾ˳ѪҲ˰ǿڰʵסһҲͳѪһ㣬ųܹʹһ
еǳĿ͸¶ᶨʱѾʹþʧȥ˸оҪһһҲʮٵһ
꣡
꣡



830
ʮһκŵ˽ɣһȥѰָо
̾ͱԷʶƣԷȻȳѰһơ˫һšеĴǹһһ˳꣬ǹڿнͬһѶĽ棬ǹδѾóʺоʹ
顭
ǰ̤ǰһеǳն˳ȥ

кǹ⾫׼ײξȻһ
˫һϾʵֻǺǶ۷壬ԷǻʵĺǾż۷壬ǰǿڰһʵСھԵȫԽꡣܹһѾ¶漣
顭
ԷˣЮ̤ǰһǹһšƵĿ˳̥ըĺٴδ˳ꡣ
ûܣҪײҪѹҪԵѹҪҵײٻƵĸо
顭
סεĳҲ̤ǰһеǳ׺ݵն˳ȥ

ǹٴײٴκˡ

ԷһǹһǰһһˡĶ˺ˮڵѪȴٴηʮڵźָͣоƺԽԽˣ͸һ㱡ɴ
ǿһЩǿһЩ
ѹڴһЩ
һ߷նеǳһԷѹٴһЩ

ڲͣغˣ̨һҪ˵̨ıԵ
䡭
ڵѪȼʮڵźĶĤһֳ嶯ļ䡣

ǹཻγûкˣһֻѾ̨ıԵ˫ȴ
һˣȻֻһ˿ֻһ˿סơ
ĿһȻһתǹųݺݵس˹γûӲʱҪΨнܹʮڸҰ飬Ҳܹơ
֮֮
ιʧڶԷеǳҰն˶ԷԷλһʽὭ

ǳݺݵǹϣôǹһ

˫һμսһ𣬳ÿһһ˿ƵԷҲ֪ʱܹķֻʱ䣬ó۷壬ʱ̡
ԣҲǿֻڳ۷֮ǰնɱл·

˫ĵǹϵײһ·ڣδй˿ҰҲδйս˳ʱ䡣
ֿҰѪڣ̨ѾƷ
Ѫɫˣоʱ䶷Ѿȫ˳޺޵뵽ֲó겻ֱӺһսǳһս䶷
ҳƺһһʧȥƣ̫ˣ
䡭
һ˳ȥԷε˳ȥڰ³һѪֳ˻ң֪ԼѾǳĶ֣ٴȥֻǾ䣬ȴöԷͬ⡣Էͬ⣬͵һֱսȥֱ
䣡
˵仰εų͸¶󣬿䡣

곤³һԷһйûƿƣղֻһƣһйָоҲʧһ˿źԷһֱƴȥҲܹƿһ˿ơ
ֻһ˿Ҳ˽־žȴһ˿žʧ
ûָоȻҲٺͶԷȥԵ˵ͷԷظų깰ֵлл
뿪˿̨ڴʱڹϯһ䣡
Ǹȥֻ˲ϳǸǰǿĵʱ֮ɫҲʮֵؾᡣ˳ͰǿڰıѾʧȥġоѾƿһ˿Ƶİĳսʤġȥˣһܿɵ˭Ը˭ϵվ䡣
С
ϯϵĳѪɫʮѿɻóһ֣ⲻҪĽԭΪڽкܴĿȴû뵽öδս䡣
ؿһ۳Ѫϣ̨ܹ֮ս
㡭ѪҪ˵ȴһڹϯ𣺡䣡
ȥвһǸǰǿĵڵĿתϣһаѾǿ˳̶𣿡
ϯϵĳѪϵɫ͸ӵѿɱֳһ˿Ц⣬Ѿѹסˣе˼
䣡
һ˴ӹϯվϯѾ΢ľԷǰǿĵ
䣡
ǿҲվ䶷ڼžһ˲֮ȻĻ˶֪վ˳ѪĶ棬ƾԼʵߵ˳ѪĶ棬ųѪǿӲս
Ŀ⴩˿ռ䣬˳Ѫϣ䶷һӼž˵ĿⶼڳͳѪ˵Ѳӣ沿ı顣
ѪѾָƽԼܹնɱ̨֮ϣĵƣ뷨ֻڸղŵһ˲䣬뵽ܹóսһơʱƽųĿŸӡ
ͻȻֳ˲õЦݣ׼𣿡
Ѫֳһ˿ŭǳȴûи˵ĻᣬǺȵѪڣҾվ̨֮ϣսɸӦս
ɸӦս
һ䶷ڻصҲйڵķش󺰣ɸӦս


831
Ѫɫŭط죬ȴ֪ʱԼ̨ʮֵر䶷ͳΪһ壬γһִǫ̛Ǻͳһ˶սǺʮߵƶս
ǡ
˿̨̲ѡվǸἤƣԼ֮о·硣
ֻһ̣ŭû뵽һССĳƵϡ
ս
ǲս
ս
һս޷ܣʲôʱսδռݾԵơ
ʱĳѪʮףѾԭߣȫԺһսǿߡ

վһЩг꣬лһİա
ಡ
ѪδӹϯƮ̨˹ȥƮݵ̨֮ϣȵҪսǱս
ͷһЩ촽ǳһ
ϡ
ǳһ
꣡
꣡
꣡

̨ʮź̨ϵĳӿ΢΢۾ơ
ĳѪֳһ˿Цһݣų˹еĳų꼱˹˫ĿȻеǳƾҪûͳѪ˷ʱ䣬һֱĵʽڵȴһֻ̡Ҫһһж
һӵϵѪԻһ֮±
ֻҪһĵȫ˳ѪʹѪֻܹԼӲƴȫûжٵء
ǡ
ĵƸոһͷĳѪͻȻʧǰ࣬һʽĿ˹
ڵѪһͣǿжס˵ƵĽȫû뵽ѪƱ֮ǰѡ˺ƴʽһʮֱӱµ˹ȥһӱУӽԺͲܹˡ
һʽ̸ǳǰǳѪȴͻȻһԾһʽ鵶ˮų˹
Ŀ¶һ˿ͣԷղһʹС֮һʽ鵶ˮȴǸСɺ͸֮תȫû˿ɬ
ǳȻմȥһʽٻԭײ˿µĳ
ѪȻڿзһͷſзȥȻŵڿչͷ½ϣһʽһ죬ųİٻѨ
һһʽһ죬ǳĨ˳ͬһƥն˳ѪĲӡ
Ὥ
˾̨֮սһ𣬵ӵʱ䣬˱ȻûײһΣ˶ŸʽѰŶԷҲԷ֮ʱ̱任ʽ
ľȻûг֮ǰôңѪڣȴӵգֻҪ¾ͻ̨֮ϡ
ּžĽ֮У䶷ûһ߽ŵע̨һſĶ
֮ǰľǿó죬ѪźǴʱȴǸоһɤܡڽŵʱԼֽŶڶ·Ǿվ̨֮ϣѪһ㡣
޼ɵг˵ǣǸϵʵ壬᲻Ӯ
ΰ΢΢üͷ˵ĵǸͣ󿪴ϣѪʽ仯̫죬޷ѪڴѾ·硣ȥ³ΣˡѪǴַʽͳȫ޷ƣĳѾȫѹסˡ
ʱĳȴûΰ˵ܣЩ˷ܡЩһֱڹۿСЩ汲ĵãѧϰ˺ܶ似ʱѪ似ϲ似ļʣֻϰߵѡһЩ͵ʽںͳѪභ
ѪһĽھ꣬ͬһԵѪͬһ˿ʹȫͬʽѷѽ⡣
Ǵʱû˿ó꣬ӳϾܹѾѹסˣÿһθ͵ĵƶԷȻԵĽǶش˹
ʱĳͬһֻͻѪȴͬһߡ
ͳѪһԷ˲䣬ѪһʽӣϱųͽϷá
֮ǰ־£ǰȥ㿪ԷĳȻתٺͶԷභ
ǡ
ȴеĹ⣬ȵ⡣
굹ǳͷҲصȻ˳ѪľջһʽеĹڴ۾вòһʽ
һɲرգͬʱҲס˳ѪõһѪ˲͸оһĽľջջһʹﻹ˵Ͻʽá
顭
źݺݵ̨һ壬αһ֧һش˳ȥ
顭
ͷҲصشһ̨ųѪͳ˹ȥ̨֮ϵ˾ʮֹ죬໥ţһȥֻһӣһ׷
ڿеĳȻһеǳͬһ糵һն˳ȥѪ˫һһշ˳һͬʱӳͷϷ˹ȥеĳųĺԴ˹ȥ
Ȼ䣬ܿ˳ѪһͬʱҽóһʽϻβͽţͬһųѪ˹ȥ
Ѫμæڿһһȥ˫ŸոأǳѾĨ˹ʺоһ˿Ҫȴ磬һȱֱͬһ˴ǹһش£ֱ
εźһһ˱ǳһĨȵһա
ѪķӦ죬ڳһһ֮ʣѸǰһų굱ش굹ճ˶Էһҽͬ޸ãųѪĵ˹ȥ


832
Ѫһ˳һߣڵһཻˡһ˵νȴһץųѪץ˹ȥ
һʽʮƵóѪһ෭ȥμ׷˹ȥֵһʽ£ǳųѪĿ·
һۻҵĹеĹһʮֹĸо֮ǰĳһֱǴ󿪴ϣĴ򷨣ȴһһУһһУ̨֮ϵĳѪҲǳĲӦԵúǱ̨ϵĹڿЦá
ϯϵɱһؿЦõҡͷеȤȴԽԽ
顭
ѪĴ̨֮һ壬ź󷽷ӣͬʱеĳڳһƣϵȻø
ȻסΣĿһоԷƵı뺷ܹԼв
ʱ겻бֳ֮һľעſ̨ϵ޼֮⣬еľγһεķסͬʱǳ֮תǱѸٻۣʽǳһ졣
Ҳڼٵڿײ֮
̨ϵĹڶɴ۾ס˺е˶֪Ǿʤʱˣ˫ʱʶֻƾżɲ˺ԷΨƾԼǿһʽܹԷ
顭
˵̨֮ϼײϿճȥһıһıײʱҲ۷塣
顭
ͬʱ̤ǰһһһͬʱ̶
ĵֻһʽһس˶棬һָоǾһִ׵ųѪ˹ȥ
ѪȴһӣҲ·һִ׵ŶĳХȥǳѪľ
ĿһоԷһʽʽܿ˫ʽʹ˶ײ໥ģ˭Ҳ˺Է
ǡ
֣һʽ֮ڵԪʣ޼ҲǳѪĶ֡
꽫һҧ˫̨֮ߣŶԷĽʽ˳ȥ߶ŵƸ͵ײ˹ȥ
顭
ײ˶ԷĽ֮У͵ĽײڳϣǳľγɵķؽЩƵֵ棬ǳѾ˶Էĸǰ
ѪĿһһҧ߶еĳųеĳײȥ
Ȼջһ־ջһ־ͬʱɾķױô
ۡ
ۣڵѪ˳ͬʱ۳һݺݵش̽˳Ѫüġ
ˡ
Ѫ͸оԺһ·ǧһ㣬еĽƾһ١һٵ˲䣬Ʊ¶һ˿ǳ˳һ˿ն˽ȥ
ۡ
ǳ˳Ѫ塣
顭
Ѫ屬룬൹ȥ

꽫̨֮ϣʱڵԪѾʣ޼̨һе߶ЩʧΪһһʧ񣬾ɱ˫Щʧ漴ϱޱߵս⡣
̨֮ϡ
ɫȻһ䣬ǲ޼ɵľУ޼µĿ̨һɽڵص޼ɷɿؿۿžҪʧ޼ɡ
ܣ
оһȻԼһǳſ̨ϵ޼˹ȥǳڿзתһ£޼ɼȥľӵǳȻһǳڿһģĲӰ˲͵޼ɵĸǰ
޼ҵϵߴʱҲЩʧΪǷֳղһȻܹвǡʧ˲䣬ǳѾ޼ɵĸǰ
޼˲ɫ԰ף׳ΪʲôͻȻϵҲɫ԰ףʱκζѾˡ
顭
ǳײ޼ɵļϣ޼ɵĶ߾Լļͷѵβźһ
ಡ
һɽĽ¼ıӻ˹ȥΰϵɫһ䣬ʱǵ˲׳ھ޼ɣȻ˵ܲûȴûš
һǳ꣬´ʱ޼Ѿһˡΰһץס޼ɣಡһ˿УһϵҲɵ˿УΧš
ʱ׹ˣܾڵԼͳѪʱ̡ǳѪһ̶޼ʧʱ̣ͬʱҲǴܴɱѵʱ̡
ľѸٵ˳ŵµķɽͨѰȥֻǼʱҵԴͷڷɽµϸСʱһӣ꾫һɨ֪ǼٵģȥǾǴܵ
ӴԪռȡһѳسŴ˹ȥͬʱкȵܣ
һûϾսķٶҲ죬ûʲôӳһΪ˵ܣֻΪָڵλá
ϵЩԥǲ֪䶷жٿֲӣǰѱ޼ɷ˵һλȻ˴ܣȴԥǲɱȥ
顭
һӰӹϯϳ˳һع˴ܡ
ɱ񣡡
̧ͷȥֻɱʱڿһģĲӰͬһܷɻѾ嵽˴ܵĸǰ
ܵ˫ŸɱֳЦ
顭
̤ǰһµĿ̨˲ѣĻͬӵһܷ䣬ϵȻ˳
̨֮ϵĳĿⶸȻһ
벽ϵ


833
ಡ
ɱѾ嵽˴ܵĸǰϵɱͬʵʣΧĿҡΣܵɱڣһȭ˴ܡ
ܴʱһͷܣ޴ȭͷͬɵƣɱĻ˹ȥ
֮ƣ
ҵÿ̨Χ߷׷׷ˣƴ˿ͬһиΧĿռ䣬ΧЩ˵΢һЩѪɡ
֮ƣһָĹԴڱԭһ֮£꺮ҲҪΪ֮ѡ
֮𣿡
ɱ֮˫΢΢һУȭͷ֮ϾȻ˿Уۿɼɱȭͷۣǿ˲һֲס
䡭
˵ȭͷûпʵʻȭͶײһǾ֮Ʒ·˿ռɱȭͷݺݵײһ
䡭
һһȭʵʵײһ䶷ʧϵĺɱڿһշȥȴȵվ˿̨֮ϡ
ʲô
ɱȻǴܵĶ֣
䶷еĿж¶˾ȡǳҲһƬȻղſǿɱһȭԳ˰벽ϵѾ߷ϵôܴڰƣ
顭
ܵȻѪֻ˲ͳһѪˣȻͼͬһһίڵأڵĹͷȻɱһȭ촷ۡ
˵ĿжǼ˵ľȣĿ⿴Ѿͬһ̲Ĵܣڿڿеɱ
ǣЩȴһûмûȥѾĲܹĴܣҲûȥڿеɱ񣬶ǽĿض̨֮ϵĳꡣǵ׷ɱǸǾż۷塣
˳Ǿ޵һѾо̿֡һָоǾ겻Ļδܾܿͻ˵С
ҵ
Ŀעų꣬˫֮иһըըըֲѹϵҲֵס
ѾĵسŻ֮Ǳ̨ĸĿ̨֮ϵĳꡣʱĳȫע˴ܺɱǾһϣڴһ˲ľɳ
һ̣
ǸߴһߣȻ̨֮ϵĳꡣоһһǾż۷ٶʵ̫ˣҾѾܽˡȻɳĳûʱȥӦѾԷ˫۱˫Ĵָᰴ¡
꿴ըɫޱ䣬ӣı㹹һף൱ϵ۷ķסʱѾûԷĻֻܹķ
䡭
죬̨飬ǸͻȻϮĳʿѾһȭͷС飬Ǳ˳ȥ߸ߵغա
γ˷׵ֵըĺȴɱ˷ףֻûѣҲȫԡѪڿзţ̨֮µĵ׹䡣
ಡ
Եڿл˲䵽˳ĸǰ쿪˫۽걧˻α䶷
䶷ѾһƬңǴܵĳ֣Ȼǳ걻ɱ̨顣Ǹɱ˸ȭͷСһ飬ûܹϳݣֻнδɱ鵽˿ֲӵĴϡ
޼ɴʱʹ࣬ұΪһ࣬ųǳоԼԼͲᱻɱ۾Щʧʵ壬û
ըΰҲʮֳʹѹǣܲûȴûšĳºǵķֲ
Ҫȥ꣡
ѪǵһҽԺ
ڱȣһվҵ档츳ߣһһս͵˲š¾úչ˳꣬ȴ飬½
һŲ壬ô
תͷ޼ɣеŭڵһΪСӣϱ޼ɺ̸ҹţ
޼ɫһȻȴ¶˾ǿҪȳ

Щؽӿǽϣȥ޼ɡ
Σ裬䣬ģŷվһߣҵĴţʱţһſĽس˹ȵסЩ˻ǳѣǳĶ֣ǳʵѾǡ
ĿŭŴͷɥ޼ɣĿ⻹ֻǷŭ¶վһķӥ۾Ѿ¶ɱ⡣
ɱҲվһԣ֮û֪ɫֻ˫ʾʧѾ߷ϵҪѹһָոպõѹܹ̫ǿҲܹ̫ͻơʵȴոպá
ԣսѹͻơȻ˳ǾһҲûаֲܹȷѹܹȫԸıԵѰͻƵ
ǡ
һըƺѾԶȥ
顭
ҵŴ򿪣ҽ˳

е˶Χ˹ȥԽʵҽôˣ
ҽҡҡͷûǹѣѣĿһֲˡԺõĽȻҲҪһڴϣõĽǻָͨ˵ĳ̶ȣⱲӱˡ
ĬȻһҲȫźһµܹһ漣˵ըĺ£ȫûлŵĿܡȻܹ漣Ҳܹ漣
ҡԽȥ𣿡޼ʵ
ԣҪ˵һЩȥ飬Ҳܹ

ӿȥ뵽ұ㿴˲һʬˡ±ɫıƵģֻ˱ǿ׺͡
޼һⷬģ۾ͺվڳǰ˵꣬޼ɣԺôѵҪǸһ𣿡
һɴؽ޼ƵһߣӥˮѾڲĳ꣬ϴкܶҪȥкֵܶܵż㡣㲻ܾǣ
磡˹Ѿˮݺ᣺磬㲻˵Ҫݺô˵
ϴ󣡡κͽҲ˹ӦǣҪһ£㲻ܹ͵
꣬ŷȵŷλûսʤ֮ǰ㲻׼
ͽĺûл֮ǰ㲻ܹ
СӣɱϵɱȻ˳˷׷׺ˣɱߵ˳ĴǰȵɱҵһսҾڰǿһλõ㣬е𣿡
ڿЦʶпЦ
ʮѣǿľûлԹȥֻͷȫѣѣǶܹ˵ܹ˵ϵĹͷͼⶼˣ


834
Ա㲻ȥЩˣǽ˳ϸع۲Լ塣
ң
ʮֵزң
ȫĹͷˣҲȫȫѡһ״
˼οʼ޸壬Ӧ޸޸߼⡭
ãΪž׵ıûӴܵˣӦ޸ɣ
Ȼ귢˲ֵͬڵǿǳʶڵǿǳڻתתͷųڼ仺޸塣һһǳƺңӦΪڵĹͼıû谭ƺĳϵ
ϵһһǳʼ̶ʼԶ޸塣ǳأͷһ˿˿֮
ʶеǳ峺ɢһӡ
ʶнһ˿ȣȻʱֻ޸һ㣬ֻǾһ޸ֻһ㾭޸

ⲻ޸
һԭڵľͬĵľǰͬĲ˳
˼һ£վðգԼȥ޸壬ʶ͵ǳԶȥ޸壬ֻǸṩһЩ
ʵܹṩΨһþϵص֮뵽ԼڣȻЩ֮ڷֽ⣬
Ѫǡ
Ų㡣
ڿд̨棬ָû棬ϵɫüͷһ
Ҳ䶷ڹۿ˳ͳѪľۿ˳ǾһǾһ¡
ȻȻط֣ǾһȻܹвȻֻǲвδزܹӦǳʲôʵ
ǺǶ۷塣
ʲôʵ
׼ϵһ۷塣һǶ۷徹Ȼܹһϵһ۷вҪ֮ǰô˵ԻһӽǸȷɡȴ
ʵ̫ˣɳʱ䣬ԻΪҵһجΡ
ʮҼԳİɱԲǡԳ־˵Ը񣬵ȵʵɵʱһԳҽзر
Ϊؼǳʵʵ̫ˣŶþͽ뵽ǼˡľƷǳóٵسɳһҳܲ
ֲó˳ҪԼͬھ
ϧ
˵ǸûǳΪһֲˣõĽҲǻָͨ˵ĵز
ǡ
ȫָأ
üͷԽԽûӵָҲڼӿ졣
УܹκһҪ³أʱɱѵʱ
ֱӣ˵ԣһ룬ɱƽ̨һ͡
һڼƷʯֻͣΪҪһ
ر˵ԣɽüͷͷȥҪһʱ䣬Ǵʱȴɱʱ
Ȼվ߳˰칫ңһ¥߳˳Žֵȥ˼С֣ڻصϵʱѾīһñӡԼ˰Сʱʱ䣬߽һӻ̡
ӻֻһͷſڹ̨ϣûһ˿͡ߵ̨ǰûһ¹̨ǸͷԺ̧ͷһ۳񣬳ժīȻִ˻ȥ
ˣǸͷ˵
ɱһˣ˵
˭
꣡
֪ˣ
ҪҸ𣿡
Ҫͷֳһ˿ЦݣѪǷͷĳô᲻֪
ͺãˣתߡ
סԺҲǷˣͷ
֪Ųͣ˳ȥ
̨ͷֱϵ̬˲ʧ˫Ŀϵɱ漴ɱȥ¶˴Цݣſ߽һŮӡ
үүһɨ㣡
ã
ѪǵһҽԺ
ʱѾס˲վڳĲӥ޼ɣ޼Ҳо˷ӥĿ⣬˷ӥһۣ¶һǸı顣ӥֿߵ޼ɵĸǰ˵޼ɣ겻ܹˣ
ΰĿһ˷ӥȵСӣ˵ʲô
ӥһͦĿɱݺ᣺˵ˣ
Сӡ
壡
޼סΰҡҡͷΰݺݵصһ۷ӥͻȻоڵЩĿһɨ򷿼һȺԼ۹ⶼơ
һѵһЩСȴӥȻ˳ȥ


835
ֻӥһͿ絽˳Ĳǰȥֱһ˲£ǲͱӥһ
顭
һӵǽϣǽһ󶴡ӥʱѾ˫ץסߵеĲڿһһ͸ǡ
ಡ
ϵѾӴз˳ȥĿѰЩǰѳĲм䡣
ʱʶʮѵģԭһֱڵľʹ񱻷ӥôһڣǲһʹȥҪǻʹȥˣҲͲ֪ʹˡƫƫľʮǿӲǻ費ȥ͸ӵʹ´ʱͲҵغ
ಡ
ִӴ˽˵֮ϣ˵ɫʮѿһ˵ɫ֪ǲûзǸѻ֡
ԵĿ˷ӥô֪Ҫѻꣿ
˵Ŀ৵һۼڷӥϣӥ˵о
оϸشŷӥȴַӥû˵ѡȻüͷشһ·ӥȻɫһƱ˳˷ӥȵǷӥ
ӥʼ磬ν˵
ɫһӥСϹŵĿֲӰҲǰ֮ǰǽܷӥһѣĪΪû뵽ʵȴһֲӡȷǰ˾ǿֲӷӥ֮󣬱ȵӴ꾿ʲôĿģ
ӥһ۵֪ҵݡ
䣬ӥֻӥԹԵȡֻ˶ߡɫ΢ջϾղǷӥ˳ꡣͳ֮Ӧʲôܡ
ͬʱҲԷӥܹظ֪ΣһֽͣȻǿֲӣΣյԾǸߡ
ʱ򣬷ӥ˵绰ɫüȽţɫ԰ֽƽ̨ϷͣһڼƷʯ
ʲô
˵ɫһ䣬һѸٵȡֻȻһ룬½ɱƽ̨֮һ̧ͷ˴š
ˡ
һڼƷʯԿɱֺͿֲӷ񡣳Σˣ˵绰һѸٵ·ȥȻֽҽԺԺԺҪóһ¥Ϊƣ
ⲻܣԺȻܾһ¥øǣĲô죿
Ե¶һ˿ЦԺҲΪҽԺ룬Ѿɱƽ̨ϷͣһڼƷʯҪܿͻֲܵӵϮʱһǣĲˡ
Ժɫʱ˵ҽԺǾӡ̴ų뿪ﲻΪơ
˵ʲô޼һǰĿ͸¶ޱߵɱ⡣
ס޼ɣ۾΢΢˵ʲôû鷳˵һ顣
ԺɫһͣȻԣҲԡϾԵĲһˣһڡҲûб֮ˣҽѧЭҲžصĵλҲܹġһǿӲ鳤ǱѳߣҽԺһҽСǼơģҽСһҽԺľӢֻܹӦôࡣ
Գ˼һ£оõİ취ҽСţƲƣ̵ͷã鷳ԺҽСҽ̾תƣ
ãԺһȡֻһ˵ɳҽС֮ƷҪ
ʱ˵ĸҾˡԵ˵
Ժĵ绰ûд꣬һȺ߶ѾҽԺȣһǾż۷߼˽鳤رжһӱ
ңؼһҪסƲܵţ
ǣ
ת뿪䣬ҴֺڵЩҲѸٵռһλá
壬ǰѳתƵ޼ǰʵ
üͷʱûýתƵϵվס
ҽԺģ洫һԺ߳ȥһ۵ɸƳҽǹ
˵һߣҽ˷øӵԺܿҽȻ˵ĿⶼԣȴԾתƵ
һƬžԻ벻һܹŴ߷ĺʵطҪ֪طܻܿڽһƬ棬ܹܲΪ˳һˣС˶ɣʱǰ鳤ͰѳתƵ̩Сɣ
Ե۾һ̩Сʱǿһٶðѳ갲ȻΧһٶڶסߡ˾̵ͷãͰڰ̩С
̩С
ڱһҵĴϣʱһ߲ʱͶŲ֮һ߹۲ڵ޸״
޸ԻǵһˣڵҲܹصˣҲ˵ľ飬ɵʶǳԶ޸ȴͳ֮ǰ޸Ĺȫͬ
Գ֮ǰľ飬ͨ޸࣬ȻǹǾȡ
Զ޸ȴǷǳĲͬȻεʵѾܴأĵطֻһʶһǵ
طҲصĵط
ڵ඼ܴأڼһŽǴʱŽȴһ㣬ͬһ˸ǳ
굱Ȼ֪ʲôһѨϣһһѾͨ˵Ѩϡû뵽ʶ͵޸ѨϣࡣʱܹظоԼڲϵ˥ߣΪͶŵĲ֮ʶ͵չȥ޸Ѩˡ
ڳ괲ߣҽŵųΧ
˥ߣ
࣬ܶ˥ߣȥֲ졣
˵ʲôӥɳվֻȭͷø°ֱ졣
ʲôƨҽǸԺǲںŪǣȥץ޼ɴɳվȥ
վסΰһ޼ɶס˽ŲһԾԾԵģΰ޼ͣ˽Ųҽа취𣿡
°ɣ
ҽʼæµΰߵ޼ɵļ̾ϢһŴȥ
⡣
Ըֶ΢΢̧ͷźڰȥΰߵԵԣĿΧɨӣ֪ΧʮŶٶߣʮǾż۷塣
ԣȥǰ취ΰ˵
ţԵüͷ΢壬ΰЩ˼


836
һֱѣѵҪһӣûǸֻƻˣҪʱ̷ֲӵϮ
üͷȴһ̾ҲܲܣҲҪʱ䣬ѾϵˣһСӳֻ꣬ҪӻţѵֲӻҴţ

ΰ̾һʵ˶ʮӻص֮ҲùһŻԳ꾫ƺչ˵ģǳһֱָܹһ֮žͻ꣬Ǹʱ˵ǱƶͣÿֲӴɱͻԼ
ˣǼһܰɡһ֮žͻˡ
еĳͬʬһ˴ϣһʱֻʣһĸѾȥϢֻʣһڹ۲Ÿʱؿһڴϵĳ꣬ҡҡͷ̾Ϣţһôָܻ
ӥɳϣ۾ֻüͷšһšﻹɢߡ
ӥʱкֲܷ꣬ڻӿٵĵᣬҲʵгߡҴҵ˼άҲвͬһ˽ŷӥֻһĿģκǰĵߣ
Ϊ׵һȴȥ򿴿ܵĻɻصĴӪȻʱӥȫѹһĸоֻʱΪӥزģһϴ
ӥȻû˵ֺݣǷӥɫȴ٣˹˼ɡ겻ܹڶʱȥһ˻أԺķչ治˵ΪµʵǺ߼۷壬Ҫӥ߳ܶࡣ
޼ɳϣɫûлָϳǸΡ˫ĿЩʧͻȻһԵĽʵ㸸ͨ𣿡
޼ɵ۾ָһ˿⣬תͷһ۽ͷţ
ô˵
Ұ˵ӳ꣬ӻš
䲻ɫҲû˿仯ֻϵƣ¶ɡ
Ѿȥˡû˿ָףȴ½ֻûҽԣȻ½ȴǻ˺ܶࡣ
ʹҽǲǴų꿪ʼָҽȴظ½Ҳ½
Ȼҽû˵ôʣ˼ȴ󣬳ֻʱ⡣
ҡ
ʱ䣬Ѿ㹻һЩֲӵˡ
ڵĳȴû˿ţʱȫľ˹۲Լϣӹ۲Լ޸еõ˾޴ǳ˽һε⡣
ʱ޸ѨϣѾ޸һٸѨϣѾ޸ľʮŸѨ˸貵Ĺâͬһſ貵ǳҳ귢ֱ޸ľʮŸѨϱøӵȹ̣ҲӵĿ㣬̲صǳ֮ӵŨ;
עŵһٸѨϵĻָѨ޸֮󣬻᲻ѾͨģôǲζʣµѨ޸֮󣬾ͶǴͨˣ
ˣԼʲôʵ
ǡ
ʵóʧˣһٸѨ޸ˣ޸ϵѨϺ֮ǰ޸ľʮŸѨʵʮŸѨ϶ǳһٸѨȴ޹⡣Ѩ֮ɶʣûдͨ
̾ϢһаԼ̫̰ˣصָܹѾˣԼһӿеѨϡĲ󣡡
ţ
ֵһ˵Ŀ⣬ӥһӾվǸֵҽʲô飿
Ǹһ˵ܡ
ôˣ
е߶Χ˹ŵضЩ
½ֹͣˣ
ֹͣˣʲô˼ߵĶһӥһץסǸһļȵǲǴųҲֹͣˣ
ǣ֣Ǹ߱ӥ졣
ӥɿ֣۾סǸҽҽһ¼½ͷֹͣζʱ
Ǻת𣿡޼ڴʵ
ҽҡҡͷЩָ꿪ʼָܹҲõķ淢չˡ
䡭
һžҵ𶯣ĺڰ˲䱻ڵѸٵ˴ȥ
һ̹ʻͣͷųڻ
Ҳݣ̲סӿֲ̫ˣȻ̹˴ˡ
䡭
һ죬һֿһ̹ˣͬʱܹпֲӲϵشӴԪռڳȥ̹ˣȻȥųı˹
֮Ͽʼַлףʣ֪ǿֲӡͬʱһٶֲŸű˹


837
䡭
ڳΧЩĴȻ򿪣ƳһͲĿĹ١
һ׷£һ̹˱飬һױͬʱЩ̹˺ͻҲһ˹ʼһƬĽ֯УܿͱݻٳһƬ棬סǶҲ⡣
ĸֵѾӥϣ걧öǽһ
ಡ
ԵҹһģĲӰ˲˿һ׵ĸǰսȭͷݺݵغǸ׵ϡ
䡭
ǻױ㱻һȭ˳ȥڿзȻ壬ɢ
䡭
ϵҲƹƹҵؽһ׺飬ڵϵЩ̹ˣ类һЩץͲһظһ̹ˣƹƹ֮бһѶѷ
һɲŲʣʱľԶ޸壬ҪæҲָӲԼľʣľ۲ڵı仯
ӥų۾ظ֪ΧһСȻ䣬ëųһ
䡭
ǵǽ㱻һžѻ䱬
顭
ӥٴδλٴһѻӡ
ಡ
һӰźڰȥԣѻǹⱩ¶ǸѻֵλáͬʱΰҲһ򸩳˹ȥ
ಡ
һӰӺڰܳȥҪΰԻҪ죬ֻ˲ʧںҹ֮С
Ժΰӣ¶֮ɫӶԷղչֳٶȱܹƲԷʵӦҲϵһ׼ɱ꣬ܲǽš
ϵһ۷ߣǸ˾ͲþѻֱַӲնɱ
˾˭
սüңҲ졣ԼҲǰСʱʱ䣬ǰɱĿֲӣǸϵߣµĶһ
Եжֻ֪ǵһĿֲӣļ֪жٿֲӻɱ
һȥ˹̶ӽٵؽƽȻһƽ֮ķ֮ϣʼ²á
Ե˵Ԥϣڽļ찲̩СֲܵӷϮÿ춼εļ
ֲӻǿǰɱ
ȻûнնɱﱣҲ˲١
վڳסǸ⣬˫֣һ˿ɡ
ټһ죡
һžͻߣ߿ǰǿ󣬹ϵ߾ʮΪߵϵ㣬Щȫܹ갲ȫؽӻš
ڡ
ڵһѨϱ޸һָо·ԼһС棬ʮѨϾʮǳֻʮǳֻоʮŸ˸貵ĹâµǳһƬ
룬ԼµѨ϶ȫͨԼڻһľ
䡭
һЦпֲͻȻˡЩֲ⼸˷ӿѪǣпԿ϶һңңҺ˾ͽķɲŵôĿֲܹɵؽ뵽Ѫǡ
ʱ޸ʮѨϣʶ͵ڵǳƺͣˣóֳһƾ̽ΧʱԼڱӥ˻ΧǱεˡ
棬һڸɾغɱһֲӡ
Ȼ䡣
оڵʮѨϷһȻ·ڳһǸ·ٻһ㡣
ˡ
ʶڵľȻк˳ȥ顱һųķӥ˳ȥҪƾȴ־ȫĿƣಡһҹա
ٶȾǼ۷ٶȣ鵽ٶȲóʶӾ޸þһǼ۷۷塣
ӥڿзһȦȻſȥﻹгӰӣѾʧ
꣡
ӥſзȥ
ಡ
ȴһӰҹշȥգ֮Ѿʧ١
ಡ
Σ˷ɵ˿УΧڷӥʵأ
ӥãȻҡͷ֪
ʲô飿ŷӥ
֪ӥ͸Ի󣺡ͻȻҵȻʧˡҸղſǰ׷ȥˡ
̩СǹžΰʧˣɫɶʮѿǿΰԳƸͲԼʲôжһиץ˳꣬׷ȥ
ǶЩģܹץ߳Ҳϵ弶ǲѾˣôôûл
֪ΰƲ⣬ӥ˲ʧǣܹҲֻеȡ
οٵȥԽǽӽ⣬ַ·ԽǿԣʱѾеǱ˳ɱԽԽԶԺֻܹƾŸ֪ųķӡ
ԽǷУԵԽ𾪡
ٶΪʲôô죿ѵѾָΪ
ôػָܹ
˵ˣʹҽҽ˵ûкתôͻȻܹˣҷеٶ˿죡
Ҫȥ
ٶȣ򣬺ܿҪ嵽ˣ
ȥʲô
ʱԵעȫ׷ϣûзһӰԶԶ
ಡ
ηɳ⣬ǳȻʱܹ۾Ǿĸ֪ȴҲһ
ˡ
ľͬˮһؿʼջأջصʶ֮ڣȻֿʼ˳ӡ
ಡ
Էɳ⣬˳֫Ʈ˿Уų˶ȥȻסΡ
ˡ
һƬ𵴣һӶ𾪵ĳ棬ǳһ貵ǹ⣬ų崹ȥֻ˲䣬ΧͳһһģһϵͶӰȻϵͶӰеÿһǳ͸һ˿ϣ屻һƬǹڡ
ԶԶȥһƬϵмһͬĶڻת
ʶ͵ǳֿʼתԷһ⿪ʼӣӵһѨϡ
ˡ
ȵӿ˳ڣǵʶڵǳȻǳ֮ȻѨϵĹ߱ٵʵ
ǡ
оһʱʶӳĹһѨϣһѨ֮Ĺʵ֮Ǿģǲֵȴֺ֮ǰľͬźܴĲͬ
ಡ
һӰ⣬̰ؿһǳȻĿ˳ڵǸţȻٽĿԡ


838
ʱԵĿҲ˹Ŀһо˵ǿ˲ȷϴ˾ǾѻǸ֡
ԽһӴԪռȡһѴ󽣣Ȼ˶Է
һߣǴʱȴû˿̬ͦñֱһ˫ͷ޾ɱֻ̧ȥгһս
ǳȥǸӻ̵ϰ壬ֻһѾԵǰеսѾһǳ·ҡҷ޾նơ
õѡˣܹˡֻҪһˣͻóռ䣬¶ĳꡣԽһҧϵһ۷ܾۼд֮ϣȻӭȥ

Եֻкһ̤ǰһȽ˹ȥеĴ󽣸ոմ̳һ룬ȴҲﲻסӿѪ
ۡ
һѪӵȴ䲻һܵһ֮ʣԵĴѾ˹
顭
߷ɿ߳һţȻҲʱ߳һţԲԷԷһŸ߷˳ȥ
Ե˼ϣսһšƴǱ˾޴ʱھȻ߽һ
Դӿ˳ʾоͶ϶һš֪ǳûмǳ˻ܹǳ֮һžڷɵֻҪʱ䣬һܹԽηٴδ쵽ĴŵĶˡ
Ѿ¶˾ģԼҲһҪסꡣڵϣ
һƴһֻҪǰ֮˺ǹ֮еĳɱԲͬ
״߸ӵؽ䱸ֻɱˣƴ㽫˷ϣϵ۷ʵȻĿǰԵ״Եʵ·ϵһ㣬еǱܣּǱܵʱ䲻̫ܳãֻҪǱһģǸʱԱһֻϣ߿׵ؽɱ
顭
ûеסߣͬһڵһر˳ϵͶӰСײһƬͶӰмĳ껬жȥ
ಡ
ߵͬһǻʣ˲׷Եǰսлһ貵Ĺâնɱȥ
ʱѾľǱûзɵɴ˫ۣţƵ˳ǰΪֵһ
ˡ
ǹͻȻŤеĴͻȻ֣ɵ˿УŶߺݺݵնȥ
䡭
ǿҡҷ֮ڳµϵͶӰһ仯ֻ˲γʮţ֮һ
ǸߵĿһҰУǳͶӰγһģǰѴ󽣴ն䡣
ȣ
̧еսǱӭ˹ȥû˿谭ػеս䱬壬ȻͶӰλָԭģǱ󽣻Ʈ˹
ؽסǰѽս˴Ԫռ䣬Ȼȡһƿҩ£һмĳ꣬ر۾ʼָԼԪ
ʱһ״̬Уղľָһ˲䣬оΧ˾޴ĲһԱϵͶӰ֮УϵͶӰĻóľоΣգǾóȥãط˹ǹóе𾪡
ǣʱ˼Щһնɱ֮ʶڵľ͵ڵǳ㿪ʼ޸塣
ʱڲʮѨ޸ϣҲȫ޸ǳ£ӿ壬ڵʶ˫ص޸£ڵĸѸٵ޸
޸޸޸Ƥ޸
ֻǲʮСʱʱ䣬Ѿȫ޸ǳ껹ûᣬɵľȻԶǳ֮ΧϵͶӰǷ𶯣ǳ֮ӿھת죬Ȼ˵һٸѨϡ
ǲ
һٸѨϱ׵飬ǳ֮ӿѨ֮ڿʼʣȻǳ֣֮Ԫ֮ŵһһѨϳȥ
ǲǲ
Ѩͨһֱͨһ˸ѨϣΧǳͶӰſʼɢȥ
۾ȥϥָΪûȥڳжȴŸм
һʱʿƴóкǴʱѾʹ塣ֵֻ֪ɻվڵһΪ˱ƴ


839
ֻʱвãڳոսд½ʱĺã֪д½вֻɱǵɱȴ֪ƾԼһ˵ɱġ
Ҳͨд½鼮˽һǷа취⣬ûҵİ취һڸ߲ʿУȥʣҲȥ
ǣ˼ˣ
ôд½֪󲿷ֵд½߲ûй˼͵˼άҲûʲôҲƣҲж
˵֮ǰһֱεֿ֣ȴܹƽؽռ⡣
ҪⷽûʲôУд½ӦŴ¡ֻܹд½ϵЩ߲Լһ⡣
Ҫµ֣
üͷ˼ţĿǰʺϱ¶ԼݣҲСԼʵ̫ܹ㹻ı
ҲҪȵʵ
ʱ£ȻʼԼ塣ϱֳϲɫʵѾﵽ˺۷壬ѨϿһ˸ǵ˻ȥҪǳ¹ʱˡ
һԼľһϲԼľֵõ˽һﵽϵļһָоʶ͵ѾһֺӦԪһӦͬʱʼ
̿ʼԼƲ⣬ϥգʼתǳ
ȻԪھдתͬʱʶڵǿž۳ǳȻҲ֮ת
ͻȻһֳһƾͨ磬ڵĴʶڷӵڴľӵʶڵǳȻӿٶȣھѸߵͬʱԪеٶҲȻӿ졣
˵ԭԪھһҪһСʱʱ䣬ֻҪһӵʱ䣬˳ʵͻӿıóдϲ⻹ûзʳǳҩͲ֮ǰ£ʳ˲֮ǳҩٶȲ֪ʲô̶ȡ
껺չûкĹҲûжô۾һЦд½ȥ
̩С
ʱսķѾ˳һѾϡվСĽֵϣһ齹صȴųԵĹ
ǲ֪Ի᲻ÿ˵ɫʮأ޼ɵϸһƬꡣ
ಡ
Ӱӿн䡣
꣡
һ㶣̶ϴϲһų˹ԼһߣԿЦá
꣬ˣ
ϴȬˣ
磬ûˣ
һŹĵһжʹصͷûˣ
ļٵģ
һϣųô֤ų꾿ָˣǼٻָտʼţ֮û⣬һʹسųļǰغͺô޵á顱ֱ졣
ˣҪˣԳȵǸøʲôʲôȥҺͳлҪ˵
гûų£η׷ɢȥתһȥ꣬
΢΢һüͷ˹ȥ֪һԼһЩ⣬ڿλش
뵽ԶԶų꿴˰죬һƽģЦȻˣľȻǿ󣡡
국һЦ֪ԼǾߵѾסԣҲûзϡųɫƽʵ꣬ΪʲôҪǾߵݣҪ֪֪Ӵ
국һЦֻΪԼһŵơ֪

Գһ³ǱĽڣȻѾ֪ǾߵݣȻԳҲ˵飬ԼͲòˡһԳ׽˺ܶ࣬Ѿаѳ굱δϣº͵Цʵֱܹ꣬ǳ֮
ץץԴһԻ󲻽ģҲ֪⻹ǽֱ֪ܹǳ֮
ǳʲô򣿡
ҡͷûʲôֻǰǳҲҶȥһӣͻ򡣱ϾֻǸոտʼֱǳ֮
ҲԣԵͷ黹ȥһǵʵǵЩ
ţ
Ψеͷ֪һ»㱨ԼصŻҪµһʡ
꣬׼Σ
Ѱ˼һµ׼ˣ
ҲãԵͷѾʥӣҲӦûȥˡ˾ͻᵽʱһȥţ޼Ҳһȥ
΢΢üͷҲһȥһһ߷š
üͷΣա
ûʲôΣյģҡͷҵʵѾֲָҪɱңûôס
Ȼ뵽һնɱǸߵĳвһɡʵӦֲӻûʲô⣬ܲ⡣
ðɣʱҺ˵
һµ鳤ʱ鷳˵һ뿪ѪǣҪ
ԵֳЦݵƻСӣǺ¸Щϵ˵㲻Ըһȥǲ˰ɣ
ţ
ãͽˣ㲻õġ
ллֿصл
պ
˴޼뿪ѪǣεҲ֮뿪šŷΣͽĵҲ׷׸ǡֻзӥһΪѾ뿪Ѫ֮󣬻һ𷵻ػؿ
ܾҪһ뿪磬Ѫһ̩꣬С½ǰڡظӦͷӥû֪ͨκ˵£͵͵뿪Ѫǡ
ɻϡ
ӥѹʵϴȥ̫ƽǣ
ţͷ
ȥʲô
һЩԴ
Ŷ
ӥܾóЩû˵ҲʡԽԽһλߵʣӥǰЩڡ
̫ƽǡ
ӥطֳȻڴ˴ɨʱʷӥҪʲôԴֻҪӥ˵Ͳܲ˵ɨӥһ·𾪵꾿жʯ
ΪعԴͬʱ껹˴ڻصԴ÷ӥŪ׳ڸʲôҲʣȻ֪ǳΪԴ
ͬʱӥֵǳ껹һǳҳ깺ǳķʽ֣ʲôǳҪҪ
̫ƽʵ̫ˣŷӥ̫ƽɨһܣֹͣ˷ɨ
Ȼ÷ӥھƵڵȴ죬˵ҪȥһѣȻ뿪̫ƽǡ
ȥ
Ȼǣ


840
һֱųҵĳޣʱѾʶĴһȵһָһ뷨跨Լءɱƽ̨ɱԼһǳҡ
̫ƽǵһǽڵһĻظȥѾȥ˳ڵڶ򣬵͵ڰĻأҳͷöѾؽڶ򣬵͵ڰĻأʣµĻأԼٻȥһأҾͻᴦڷƮҡ֮С
Ѿ͹ȥͬˣǵĻ侭˴٣ǰǲ飬ȴƵƵĴںߴѾʼҵĵˡʱٻȥһҵĻأǶԳҵһ
ֻǻȥһһأҪͳжԣڳ˵ʵ̫򵥡һжϢнУȵڵһĻط˱ըر˷ʱ򣬳Ѿص̫ƽǡ
ŷӥ뿪̫ƽǣɻŵڰȥͬʱд½һƬ˭Ҳû뵽ڲ㻤һϵ£һĻɱݻ١
һƬңе˲£µǲ֪˭
Ѿݻأǳȴɲ֪˭ĸ֯ǳҡڵڶ򣬵͵ڰΪر٣еĸҲ׷׵ա
տʼǻԶֻﵽ򣬵α٣ǲòеĸʧȥ˻Դ׷׵գĴںߴȫȥгݶ
ҲûΪȴûһԸӳҵĻκһ乫˾ܾҵĻʹҲò׷
ǣһĻҲݻ٣ǻˡʣµĸĻٱݻ٣ѵҾ͹
ʧȥЩغ̣ʲôӣ
Ҫסʣµĸأǳҷʱɳ˴߷ָ򵽵أرù
ʱͷӥѾɽͨɭ֡һߣһŷӥǵܻؽȥ
һɽȣ䵽ɽУһ˹ĺۼһԭʼɽȡӥųһͱڵĸǰʵȡһſһ׶֮УȻǰͱھ氼˽ȥ¶һͨ
ŷӥ˳ͨȥʯԶָԭװûʮףһŻӥٴӿſ򿪽߽ȥ֮󣬱㿴ſڸվߣӥɫһ㶣̶ã
ӥͷûзʲôɣ
졭Ǹ֧֧ᡣ
ӥüëһһ˿˵
ټڿᣬ˵Ҫ򣬽ռ
쵰ӥŭһͷԳ˵ϴ󣬶Բ𣡡
ҡҡͷ߰ɣȥʶһ£
Ŀ˳꣬ӥȵλǻ졣
ãߡžһ
ͷ߰ɣ
ǣϴ󣡡
ӥʱʮ㣬ıվų꣬پº߼¡̨֮նɱǾż۷塣
뵽ӥҲ̾뵱ԼͳμʱԼܹͳƽ֣أ
ԼֻǶȴѾܹնɱǾż۷ˡ
˱ˣ
ʱڻڡ
Ȼǰ죬Ѿӵ߰ٶӵʮ˸Ѿʮվµһߣȥºͷӥ֮⣬ֻǰ첻ͬ
ǶǵᣬҲΪǡµ˵ѡһǸȥԶһ뿪أԺû˿ϵ
£㲻Ҫ֡ͶһʯԴⶼҴ罨ģҪȵռ𣿡
ҳ罨ġȴûסص϶ǿΪġΪǷӥһֽģҲŸһ棬ǻ뿪Ѿʬ
ǺǡһЦ˵£㲻Ҫˣص첢Ҵ磬ˡ
֪µصͷǷӥг˵Ǹ𣿺ǺǡҵǺ
ң
ҵűƿӥͳ˽


841
죡
˴վȴȵµĿ˳ϣǷһ˿Цͷ¶β
׵£˵Ҹǽ˻أһ֮ءˣǳԴӵеһжҸǵġ
ΣڵϣĿԵųꡣ
ԡ국˵ҪˣԷˡ
Σ

Ǻǡ´վǸ£ֵǣӭһص죡

һߴվĿƵųꡣ
ˡ
ʮɽڳΧһ˳Ŀ͸ʮɽɨʮߣ˵ȥü
ʮ߶ͷϾ˺ˮӳܸͲֵܹģղųֻһɨǵľбơ
ͨͨ
ʮʧصϣڳ´ʱͷҲ˺ˮѵ˵ҡ
ûлˣ
䣬ȻһʮɽºХȥµѾȡ˴󽣣ȴоеĴأľϵıѹȣжͻ
ಡ
ʮɽڿһֻص˳ߣ
ͨ
µѾˤڵϡ
Ŀ⵭ɨˣ̴ųʩݼ죡
ͷߵӥ˳ԱߡĿϵɨ˵һǾ仰ҸסĵطԵĶԴǾҪҵף
ף
Щߵͬû취ֻͬҪŵµʬ壬ſѪȵζһбŰٱСġ
鶼ɷӥ֣Ļʹҵ
ǣ
ӥ
ڡ
ͽˣһ£
ӥվ
ص˵ͷȻŴȥӥ͵ɽ⣬ֶ䣬ſзȥ
ɵ˸߿֮У£ӥѾصɽαһŵ򼲷ɶȥ
ϵ۷ľֻ˲ʮʱص˵
յ˳귵صϢϱͫϵһɻžǷʱȴǺ͸ĸ޶һ
ĸʵò࣬ǻʵȴúܿ죬ľѾﵽƷż۷壬ܿͻͻƵƷͻƵ˱ͫ˲㣬ͻǼѾԶ
ⶼǳµרŵԴҪãرǸµĲ֭֮Һıʡ
ʱ꽫һʱ䶼żˣӴӶԳİֽϤÿո˳ƨɺͷ
֮
ھǴڣ˵еıͫϵߣΪӵųԴͫϵѾǼҲӵʮΪߵľϪ弶ʵ
ȡ˻㱨ؽҳ߹ģΪʱѾӵǼߣӵз֣ѾھԵİȫڸգóʮָˡ
ĿɨǰЩľӢЩӢлˣˣˣҲвͬĽ̻ᣬͬǴʱȴڴˣ˴֮ûиңеֻǢ
ÿһĿⶼ˳ݣʱЩ˵о񣬳ԭ
ĩյʱûг֣ǵǳꡣͨǽߵд½飬ǴʱҲףνǸǿˡ
Ҵʱվÿһ˶ᣬͻƵͫʱԵظоԼ巢ʵı仯󣬹Ȼ֮ͬǰǵȾɫ巢˱仯Ѿ಻ͬ
ճĻ˵Ѿ壬塣
ԣ̺ͺڰڵ˴ʱһѾݵĲ񣬶ǿߣΪǿǿߡ
ɳǵоһǿߡ
ҺŵͽǵһжǳǴġûг꣬˳Դ˸߼
һ˫˫еĿ⣬㿪ʼԼд½⼸ľ˵ǰЩЩú棬Ϊͬһܹǰδ½
ϣûʲôϪҪʱ򣬳ֻ˵ͫϵ߶Էִεǰд½ֻǲҪй¶˵ݡ
룬һƣһ֡ȻϪ˵ͨд½ıؾ֮·Ͻһأ˶ǵᡣһǼֽƾͻǷСǲظǵݣ˲֪ǵˡ
ûдϪһ뿪ҲûдŻǰд½д½ûվȽŸҲûվȽŸΧźܶΣաԣ˴Դһ뿪
ھصʱ򣬳һν뵽أ߷ӥֳֳֽƣҪ֮һд½ķȥ
һд½оյĽţŵڳҡǷণд½߶Ҫڳҵҧһ⡣
ǣұϾŴĵ̣סĸأŵ⡣±ʮСģЩҲ¿ڵĻᡣ
ʱЩųҵĵٴγ֣ٴδݻٳһأǾܹٴιϷֳҵĵ̡
ûʧ
ҵĻֳˣһҹ֮䱻ݻٳһƬ棬ϵߴǼڻرը˲ĴѰˣȴûҵ˿˿ΪǸʱ򣬳뿪
ǳڵͣ˼죬ȻŷɻڷȥصڣҪµǳ
֮
صڡȥĵǰ¡µİ칫ڣµĶ棬´ųֳ֮꣬ɫѾǺ۷ˣ
ţ
˵ľﵽ˺ܸߵľ磿
ϵ۷壡ʵشѾۼʹ󽣵֪ҪҲˡԱʵʵ˵ҳҲ׼غ¿ϲڽĳһ칫ԼݡϾҪõµİԼͱ̹ϣֻҪһ̡
ܸΪʲôֱܹǳ֮𣿡ʵְڰֵ㲻˵Ҳǿ


842
һ˵ҵըˣڵľȫ飬޸
Ŷºʵ޸ģ
ҡҡͷû޸
û޸ɫһ㶣̶Ի㡭
һ𣿡
ţʣֻҪ֪ġصͷ˵
ηǰǳʱĵʲôӣ𣿡
Уµͷηǰ˽һЩڵʱĵγһǳ
˵ɫһ꣬ѵڵĵ֮Ѿһǳ
ţͷ
̫ˣ¼˵ϣˣһսд½Ķˡ꣬ʲôҪ󾡹ᣬһ㡣
˽⾫ߵľ磿
ţ΢΢üͷ֪ʲô
֪Щϵʱǵʶʲôӣ
ҲǺ˵һ磬Ҳʶһ࣬ҵͬеǱ״еǸֶ״ʲô״
ǳ˵
ǳ˼ţҲγ״ࡣ
ʷûԪһߣ
УµͷǵĳɾͶߣ󲻵òһȡÿٵ
ĬȻ˼Լûв֮ıʣ¾ͻԪɣԼԭȵʸжĳɾ͡Լûڵдľ»ɣ
ҪԪһǲס
ôԼľԪƺںϵһͬʱԪҲԶ֮ԪͬʱҲ֮ͬʱô£
΢΢üͷһƲ⣬һǳйء
ǳԪںϵһĽǴﵽʲô̶ȣڴ
þòµĵʵôˣ꣬гʲô⣿
ûУҡͷʷϾûһܹѾԪ˫˫£
ûУ¹ҡͷ
ͷԼѾһƲ⣬֮󣬶˵֮󣬵ڵǿǳʶڵǿǳȻԶʼ޸ҵ壬ҸıҵľҵľѾԭȲͬҲΪԭҲܹǳ֮
ʲôֱӴų죬ϵļⶼ֪˼һӵʱ䣬²ƽԼľҴҵ뿪˰칫ߵſڣһ£ȻŹؽصλ˵ҿľ״
ԥһֻ֣µģӦǶ־ĸıһЩ˽⣬ҲʮֿܹԼһ˽⡣ץס󣬽һԪ͸ȥڳľд죬ȻջԪٶֳ˼֮ɫ꣬ͷųľΧһУҪҵ̸
ã
ͷųȻµͷ
ѹ˵֪꣬ΪʲôִӺζ
ҡͷ
½ų˵岢Ƭ½Ӧ֪
ţ
ǸʱǻĻ򣬺ǵ汲ͻƵ֮ͫ󣬷Ⱦɫ巢˱仯汲иŬһϵ͸߿Ƽ豸Լҩ֮Ǹ༸ȫͻ˱ͫıȾɫ壬ûͻƵͫˣʣµĶͻƵͫˣұͫͱ߽֮ͫĺ;кͱͫһȾɫ塣ԴǸʱ̿ʼǳԼΪ塣
ʱף岢һʼ壬ǴݱֻҲֻеһ֮ʱӵеǸԪŨȲܹȫͻƵͫɣ
ţ
Ҳȫ࣬ûͻƵˣ
巢ڵѾܹٻͻˣԺйص鼮Ҳɣ
ţ
ãҾͲ˵ˣɫǵƬ½֮ʵȻڲͣȴûתʵı仯ǵƲתȾɫı仯һתӦǾı仯ȳ֮ΪҲ˵ܹһ仯壬δʵһѹ壬վ۷塣һ㡣


843
ңһ𾪡
Ϊ֮ǰҪԼ˵ȥһ֪һ񣬺ܻܿиֽץо塣Ͼÿһ˵޷ջ
ҵС󣡡оһţ
°ڰֵһûôһĽ֮ѾһƲ⣬ûбҪȥо
ŶʲôƲ⣿
ӦǾԪͬ޵ԭ򡣡
ͷҲΪ
ԾûбҪоˣʼ磬Ȼ˵ȴδţһҪھ仯ܡ
ллĸл£վؾһ
¹Źֵؿųȱлңһ仰»ŵ
ŵЦЦԼᱻһ仰ŵ
ǵˣµ˵
ǲ඼һᵽɤۣң䱸¡
ųֵţ¡
£ûе⣬΢Щģɽ䱸µĶô
ô֪ģ
ʱԼȻܹһڵԼԵô˵µѾ֤ݣڲϷ³ˡô˵Ҳǵ죬ܹơ
΢Цһ˵Ҹղ̽㾭仯ʱͬʱ̽һȾɫ壬ܹȾɫǺ仯ɣˡд½ϳ˶Ⱦɫ壬ܹ仯Ҳֻ壬ܹΨе򣡡
ɫһЩԻʵܷһ⣿
˵
ܹȾɫı仯
΢ЦͷΪﵽ漶ˣ
漶
бһǵԼ͵͵þ̽µΪûдﵽ漶ٴν͸µɨ£ԷȻﵽ漶漶һ㡣
곯¹ֵϲ
Ҳ֪ܹ̽˵ʵ԰ڰֵûʲôʹͻƵ漶Ĵеλʵ͵ġ
оһʵʲôʵ
Ҳʮֻ֪ǰĸдһǸʱʵһڣʵһ۷壬һǸʱʵѾڴ塣
ĬȻԼһ£ԼǺԼΪǳԭܹȼҲǺĵƾͲˣΪһôûؼԼĵܹͶԷĵƶԳͲˣ˵ԷؼԼԼҲֻܹǳΪĵơ
һԼʵĴʵǲ̫࣬þҲĴ̫࣬οھģǵ漶ľߣԼͲǶ֡

²ǶԷһ֮УҪܹͶԷƽȶԻҪﵽ漶뵽򣬳һƬȻ֪Լݱ֪֮󣬻ʲôһʱ֮䣬ǲ֪˵ʲôã
Ǻǡº͵ЦѾΪд½ʹûԸҲ⡣
ʹȻ
ǰµǷһ˿Ц汲ǴǨƶȴ޷׹رıϣʹÿʮͻһĩգⲻʹʲô
˵ؿų꣬Ҷûж⣬ԵҲûж⡣˵ѿĻ֪ǵ֮ǰЩ岻ѵ汲֮أ嵱ϰˡЩôһ汲֮ظȤôһȤǡղ֪һ֮󣬵ҵĹ۵㷢˱仯꣬ѵѾ˱仯úǿˣܹѵ˵𣿡
ֳֵ˿ЦʵԵиֱ۵ӡܼ򵥡һǵǿߣڶҵд½ʱֻǱͫ
Ŷ
ˣɺֻ˳ôһšһ˲ͶԵʧȥȤѳ꣬㻹Ҫܣñ֪ԵȴӵʣһԵŨȤԵûʲôô
ףһֿض˵лл
л̹ϵ˵ֻҪڵĵӣұỤһӡ
һݣ֪Ҳ¶ԼһввԼҪԲڵ顣ʱĳвȴУϾº̹ϣҲȷʵڻԼ
ףͷ̶ЩΪѵ˵ܷŵ򣿡
¹ϵҡͷⲻܣ
ϱֳʧЦҲȥŵ̶ϻŵ򡣡
ţԻ¡
ŵ򣬱һźͰ˴ģĵʲôܣԭûȥ˼Ҳȥ򿴿˵ǻŵ򣬻Ǻ򣿡
˼һµҲǸ˼ҵ˼һŻ߰˴忪ʼֵֹܲܳ
ܣٴҡͷǰ˴ֵʵ赲ǣĽ뷨̶ֵ򡣶ֵ򣬾ҪֹҲֹˣ㲻ҪĴУڵʵ͵ġ
ĬȻ֪˵ûһһʱвЩãȻ
꣬ΪΨһܹľǾʵгһʵﵽ漶֮漶һ㣬ҾʹӦֵֹΪǸʱ֣ʵһսΪ㾡ﵽ漶ҪʲôԴᣬȫ֧㡣
Ȼ̧ͷΪʲôΪʲôҪ˺ã
ԭ򣡡˵ϣʵܹﵽʲô̶ȣܹһӶڵĵӣάڡڴд½Ķˣָڵҫܹ𣿡
˵ֻҪڲ˺飬ҾһֱڵĵӣֻҪǸһڴĶˡ˵ڶԭ򡣡
ڶԭΪʣ
ҵʣ
µ˫ͷųڴĿ⣺Ѿ˸ı䣬Ϊ˵汲Ʋʣ汲Ʋ⣬ֻܹĽ룬ĩգӭعԶĩա
ľһҪ


844
ҡͷʲôҲҪȥҪΨֻǾʣȴֻسΪһ죬žĩյ
Ҫ˵ʲô°ֹסҪô֪࣬ЩҲûʲôôʲôҪᡣ
һ֪²˵ԼҲʣͰ˵רĵ
Ҫǳĺ
ã´ӴԪռȡһݸ˳꣬ӹһȻǰ뱾һŽҳƳɡû̹ۿǳս硣
꣬ǳȥȻٻңڣĳ˵˽˵
ǣͷ
㻹ʲôҪ󣿡
˼һ£ҡҡͷھΪⲿǳûʲôҪǮźܶҩǲȱʲô
겻Ҫʲô·Щþ޲óҪһЩֻŻóоǷһЩڣܹڽӵعڡˮ룬Щʹȡһӡһȡ͸оϤȻ۾һӵĲʺ͵ʱĩͻȻ֮ʣڿдս˫˫һһĺӣװһܹչĶ
ѵ
꣡½ǸӷϵװһĶ
䣬´˺ӣȻһݰӡʶڵǸһֿѶϢ갲סǷݿ¡µɫÿһһΣΪһѰһ顣Һòҵġ׼Ϊһŵģ͸㡣Ϊ漶ұ㽫֮λ㣬ҪסΪһѰһ顣
ɫԥһ£ΪڵĸڵϵǸɫһ뵽ԼѾ磬ûбҪҪ顣˵ҲԼٴһЩƺҲûʲôãԼʶڵǸѾˡҡҡͷҽص㻹һɣ
ɫһ㶣̶ЩЦõ˵꣬㽫Ҫص򣿡
ţصͷ
ô˵㣿ºɸֵ˵Ϊʲô
Ϊ˱򣡡ն˵
ַǵɾ֮λ֮أ
ҡ
סʵһֱĶ֪磬ӭ˹֮Ķʲô
ǡĿʲô
΢΢۾·˻䣬ᡣ
տʼʱǵҪǿǸʱҲ֪Ƴ֮ܡʵǿҪǳ
Ȼ۾Ŀ⾼Ŷĳ꣬㻹֪ĲͬҲͬɣ
һǲ֪ĸ˲ϣԼܹǳϽҡͷĿڴ¡
֮Ժ岻ͬΪǵҪܶ࣬㲻ܹҲܹꡣΪȾɫĲͬעƳһܹҲֿܹͫͫӳһ꣬Ҳ˵ͫ߿Ǽߵܹﵽ˰꣬Ǽܹﵽһǧ꣬Ǽܹﵽǧꡣϵܹﵽǧꡣ漶ܹﵽһꡣ
ǡ漶֮أ
漶֮ϣµֳ֮ɫд½ϻûܹﵽǸ磬ݼ汲˴ﵽ漶Ų㣬ջûͻһϡ汲Ʋ⣬Ҫͻһϣͱþʱ䣬ֻоʱܹͻϣ汲ǰǸ汲Ʋ⣬һɾҲܹӵʮ
꣬гɾʡǾɾľͷиߵľ磬ڷ֮ص˵Եǻߵĳ̶ȣ㲻д
꣬Ը޾
ֻд½пͻƸߵĲΣ
ǡϵɫܾ᣺ҵĸĸѶڵ򡭡
ⶼ⣡µ˵㣬Ѿ룬õؼ֮ԵǸߵԪ̶ȣĸĸˣ֮ĵ˻ĸ𣿡
ֻҪûΣգƺҺûʲô̫Ĺϵˡ


845
Ͷˣο˵һвΪ˱򣬵ɾ֮λ磬Ѿָ˺ƽԺķչѾ޹أѵ㻹Ҫȥ޾ϸع򣿡
ҡͷ
Ҫͼˣڷ֮ǰȫ԰ĸĸѣԸȫӵд½ⲻһⶼӭж⣿
ĬȻѶ֪˵ʮеԼܹ糹׷룬ѾԼΡڵѾû׷ΪڵֻߵԪŨ£Լʵ˿˵侳硣

ô˵ۣԼôܹ
˵ˡ
ԼĸĸѶӵд½ֻ£ǵʵҲúܿ죬Ҳ᲻ϵӳ
Ķ¼˵д½м׷Ŀꡣ
ľһĿ⾼ŶµղŲ˵漶ϵΪ𣿡
³ĬһЩ黹ﵽ漶֮˵ɣǸʱҲü
£εصͷãǡɲԸ
°˰ֵҽ֮پҪҪ顣˵ˣҲ㡣㲻Ҫ飬ҾʹӦ㲻ֻҪ㻤ھСҪ飬ͱڽһҵһŽ顣
͵͵ƲƲ죬а˲𣿲ܹԳһռ䣬𣿡
Ȼ֪ܾ֮ǰһýƶɵ磬֪껹ںһ顣ɫضԳ˵дԪռɣ
Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲô޷ǾǴԪռֻܹܹװ֪ģͷţ
ǣԪռֻܹ˵Цеų¶֮ɫȻǳϵ¶һ֮ɫģ
Ȼģµصͷаο㻹ҪҪ飿
ʧǣܿͻָƽҡͷ˵һǲҪˣҲûʲôô
㡭ָų֪֪鱻ɽ֮󣬻ԶԪԪҪԪŨҲã濪ҩ԰Ҳã°빦֮Чߵгõĸá
ţͬصͷ
ų죬͵ȵһšʵˣ
ţؿŶ£ͷ·˵㻹ô飿
ȫˣ˾Ͳŵȵ˵֮󣬳껹ܹô侲һ꣬黹һܣ
ţγԾһ£ӵôõ磬ǲ֪黹ʲô֪ܡ
꣬ÿһڶһ˿֮
֮һ
ɫ¶һ˿⣬аҿСӻܹס
ÿһǺˣ̲֮ͨǺ֮УһЩɢݳɢݳ֮ͻγɽ飬ر緢ĦʱɢݳǺڵ֮ʮӴ󣬾ܹӽǺˣƾǵʵҲ޷ãǽڵ֮ͷǳϡˣֻһ˿ڵ֮ǵǿá
𣿡۾һ
ǣҡͷǵʵ¾һ˿֮Ҳ޷գһ㽫һ˿֮ˣҲͱˡԣҪĲգɡ
ã
һ˿֮ϣ
ϣ
ҴһֹͿ԰ѽڵ֮ʱȡȻھת죬ȥϡֻܹһλȻͱһ˿֮ͻؽ֮ڡһ˿֮ҪſԽһá
ЩˣܹٵʵǳҪġܹһ磬ܹһ찲ģ˭֪źͰ˴ᷢȥ
ǡ
飬ͱ뵣δ֮λ
ˣɣԼ콫֮λ˾ǡǣγ겻ҡͷˣǵͷãҾʹӦһ
¿Цõųǲ֪ǷĻô˶ԴҪȴǱƵġҪΪҲףÿһҲҪϵ߽׵ʵҲ˵Ҳϵ߲ʵ㻹Զ
һŬĿǸ顣


846
صȻһЦɣҪñ֪
ǣ
С˵ȡӵݸ˳γȡ֮ķƽķƳɿռ䣬ҪԼƣΪԱܡУŽ㴫һʱҲҪЩ
ǣֹɶش
ˣڻһ飡
ʲô飿
ҪΪʥӿɲʵͻƵǼˣҪһοˣ
ˣ

ʲôĿˣ겻ûк£Ȥ
ڵһɽд½ģĽҲǿģǵĿҪͬ׵ǿʮҪǰɽһ£ҡ
˵ڼžزһȻĻת˳Ǵɽ㿴滭ȦֳĵǸס漶ޣڶȦסϵޣȦסǺǼޡҪľڵȦһ¡ʱŻᷢһоƬϣȻλþͻʾϡҲ˵ܵĸˣǲеģֻҪһȦӿ˾ͿʼˣԻԶ¼ƶķΧһֻһ߳˵ȦӣĿ˾ʧܣҪһ֮ٽпˡ
꿴ǸԵ뵽ڶȦأ
Ȼ㷸棬һ㲻Ҫ뵽ڶȦʮΣգʵһ
ͷף
´ӵ۵㲻ҪңҼס򲻿ɽ뵽ڶȦ
֪ˣҲصͷ
ˣָŵԵҽ뵽Ȧ֮󣬾ҸطһٳǺ׹أ
ЦֻҪǸҲУ
ɵ£ȴټͣǰڰֵˣˣȥȡ񣬾ȡһоƬȻһǰɽпˡ
ǣ
ֽϵĽ飬в֮ԼĶȻ¾һ뿪µİ칫ҡ
ŹϵţаȻܹôһţҵȥһ¡
뿪µİ칫ңȥ뵽˻ǲ٣ܶ߶ȡָ
ڵģֳĲ㣬һǸŵӷ񣬵ڶǸŵӷ񣬵Ǹתӷ񣬵ĲǸʥӷ
ȻѾΪ˺Ǽߣһתݣֻܹȥ㡣
һĵ࣬񶼷ǳ򵥣޷ȥĸ̵ƣȥĸˣȥĸҩ԰԰֮ġ
뵽ڶ㣬ڶھ˺ܶ࣬һҲΣ˺ܶ࣬ʼޣѰҲҩ׷ɱֲӵȵ
뵽㣬͸ˣ൹Ǻ͵ڶûж𣬵Σնȴǿ˺ܶࡣ޵ĵȼ˺ܶ࣬׷ɱֲӵĵȼҲܸߡ
ȻȥЩģֻһǲμͨʥӿˡ
ûȥЩ񣬶ֱŹ̨ȥŹ̨һɨһĹ̨ڹ̨ŶʮԱ﷢񣬳һٵĹԱ˹ȥ
ʱǸԱǰվˣһŮߵǰʱһŮĽŲɻͷȥϳǳ֮ɫ΢䡣
ʮԺգ˼̨֮ϡ߼꣬оͲһţɿسųʩʦ֣
ͷȣҲ
겢ôףвһɣǸŮ߽ʵʦ֣ʲô񣿡
Ŷȡ˵оƬ
۾һʦͻƵǼˣ
ţͷ
ʦ֣ҲǸոͻƵǼǰ쿼оƬ
Ŷ꾫һɨȻǰ˶ǺһЦϲ
ͬϲҲæЦ
ǵоƬ̨ĹԱʱѾǼϣݳоƬ˼æպãȻ˵һߣ໥һ񣬱վųꡣ
ߵ̨ǰԼϣӵʱԼоƬһָ״Сķ飬洩һӣ꽫ڲϣźãȻٲ¥ȥ
ʦ֣
ţͷһŮ
ǸǰһЦ˵ʦ֣ܲǰȥɽ
΢΢üͷѰ˼һµ»ûʱȥɽһʱȥ
Ҳ˼ǿԵȳʦ֣
ĥһ£ԼɽϤϾԼд½ˣԷ˶ӦöɽЩϤǱͷɽԼصɣºȥǡˣôƺ
ʦ֣ҽΣ
ҽ־أ
ҽʦ֣ѵ绰ǡԤ˷䣬Ȼ֪ͨ㡣
Ԥ䣿
ǰͷɽһУݳǡǾ档
ã
˽˵绰֮뿪صԼ洫ıڣǴɨһȻϴһ裬ˬǰóǳʼ겢ṵ̂࣬ʮ֮ͣȻǳϽ֮С
һʱ䡣֮۾ֳЦ⡣û̿ʼȡǸųȡ֮Ĳӣ˲һӵʱ㿴꣬ǱӣȻֱ۾
֮
ٴ۾ɴϴ˯һ죬Ȼϴһ裬ָԼһٷ극֮󣬳꿪ʼϥ˴ϽԼ״̬ڵ۷״̬Ű¸ķʼȡڵ֮
о˳ûϼصôɣ֮ȻҵǹǲЩȻԼڵ֮ɲһ˿˿
Ͳ֪ȥ꣬㵱һ˿֮ùˣʱҲѾָˡںһ˿֮Ȼͱǿ
ͷɣҾͲק㣡
Ҳ˺ݣʼתķһ˿֮Сʱڳһ˿֮קԼľ֮УȻ͸о˾ʹΪںϺ֮ǿࡣ
ʹʼתǳһ˿֮ھת죬ȻŵһŸѨϱϳȥ


847

ûзѾһŸѨϵıϾͱһ飬Ȼ㿪ʼǳ֣֮Ǿʱ򣬳оԼʶͻȻһּĸоɹ۲ԼʶԼʶǿǳٵתţǿǳ˼ѶϢ
΢Ѱ˼һ£бȻڵǳʶڵǳңӦԪʱ򣬾ҲͬʱԪʱ򣬶ǻУԾҲܹٶȣΪ֮ٵͻƣ⾫͸ˣԲŷѶϢ
ҳܹоʱԼʶѾһ˿Եףϲ㾫Լʶܵƻ̹ͨ磬ڴľͷӿ˽
оʶʧּУ̷һƿһǳҩǳ֮֮󣬳ֿʼһһʮѨϡ
¡¡һ·أͨ˵һһʮ߸Ѩϣʵ˺ļ۷塣ľҲﵽϵļ۷塣
ľһɨ㿴Ǹ֮ǿں˿֮Ӧܹʵɡǳһ
һ·ն꽫Ѩϴͨ˵һٶʮʵ˺弶۷塣ͬʱҲﵽϵ弶۷塣
ʱһ֮Ѿúˣۿһ磬ڽذֱ񲻰֮ȥҪԳ֮̽ͻ磬̱ȶҲټʼػָ
룬͸Ǹ˳̱о¶һ˿ЦݣץǸ顣Ǹ˲㱻˽ȥ
䡭
紫سĺֺһʱʱ䣬ⲻóϵ֣ϴںϽǲһӵʱ䣬ô˳
ĿͻȻ˸һ£аѵΪƷʸߣ
һ뵽һ㣬סˣһͽ뵽֮СȻʹ
ҰһƬһ޼ʵĿռ䣬ߣֻ˲֪ռзԲ֮ң˲磬㿴һƬִʱһǣмһӣǴ֮һ޴ľšǲֳһ˿΢Ц֪޴ľžԭǸŹ־СľţӾԭСӡ
ֻʵ̫ˣٷ֮ʮŵĵطһƬأȻܷ֣ҲֻأݶûУ˸оһƬֻаٷ֮һĵطǳ굱ѵҩ԰֣߲԰еȡ
ץץԴа֪ܲܿĿռ䡣
뷨һطһɽϲǸطĴعȻ¡𣬺ܿͱһɽпϲ뿪磬򿪵ԣ½
ǵһϷһϷ͵ڵϵһнϷ¡д½ϵϷȴ罨衣
½ϷɣʼӣкܶҰԼϸ˳ҹۿСʱʱ䣬ۿӣԼһΪ硣
Ȼٴν뵽֮С
翪ʼ췭ظı仯ɽƽԭꡭ
һۼڳҰС
ۼ
ðɣ
ֻǳԲԺγɵ绹˺ܶ࣬Ҫľһжǹͺͺġ
꿴ͺͺ磬Ͳһͷʹ磬֮ĶֻҪʯУľֲǵðѳ
ˣˣԺ˵
磬Ѱ˼һûмȡոںϵǸ֮ͻƵ̫ˣȣȥɽһȻٳȡ֮ͻơ
һ뵽һоһڴľѾʣ²֮ڵĴҪù˰
ҵµʶ͵ңӦٳ
Ҫ뿪ˣ˫˸âȥѳĻػٵǽһ
Ϣ֮뿪ڣɻŵȥ֪ǣʱվڵֵ棬ԶԶŵš


848
СӣȻ˷ָװˡţͨıؾ֮·ϻһأҲǳСŪġ֪ʲôӣСԽԽҺˡ
µȻŷֳ˹ȥٶȸѾˣȻһͽֳһڵָӲ˾
ϪָܿӲʱָӲڴһЩڴ˸ָӲʲô飬ش𣡡
ָӲʲô飬ش𣡡

ʲô飿Ϫʵ
ָӣֱһʱԶ޸
һĻ֮ϣϪϳһʱѾСȭͷСôһѾȫ޸
ʲôɵ
֪ڷۿ
ǸϵڼϲѾ˼ޣȴֻǿģһţֲʲô
ǸȥˣϪüֳ֮ǡ
֪Ҳ
Ǿ͸ʹңϪŭټ鳤ᣡ
ڵйţܿʧˣԪŨȺܵͣ⻹֮ͨŨȸһ㣬ԭԪŨȻ͵ʲô̶ȡ
Ｘ壬ҲΪ˱ͫĿƼˮƽܵͣӵеĿƼƷһǴд½ĳƷ
¾Լûʲôɿˣһ֮أֲԼ汲뿪ط
һطҲܹôһţ⡣
СﾹȻ񣬺Ǻǡ
䡭
ֱײһŪõ߲һ󼦷ɹȴûв˿˿ƳϪ뿪ǰд½ʱ䡣
겻֪˵Ҳ֪ͬʱд½ַ˴£ڵĻֱˣҾʣءλرٶԳҵĴôĻϵ߶ɳˣǻɱˡɲ֪˭
д½ĸʱѾ֪ˣȻûб𣬵ȴѾʮԣһǱĸˣܹһҲĴźߴ壬Ǿ˭û֪
֪ĳҾһ⣬ӦȥҧһڡΣˡ
ʱĳȴŷɻɽݳǷȥݳ֮󣬳귢־Ǽӻһ£ݳǵĴϣԼӦʲô
̫ʺϡͻûеõͻȥøȡ
Ǿɣ
һһѰ˼ţƵʱԼǹƶ֪⡣ˮʱǹˮ֪⣬ɽʱǹɽ֪⡣һط׵ͺˡԼͿԹ׶ĺơ
ͻȻһڵʱ˵ĳط׵粻ϣδ½Ҫȵ࣬ûһĵطɣ
뵽Ѱһݣڲ֮ڴӴԪռȡ˵ԣȻ½׵֮ء
һҲŷֳ֣׵粻ϵĵطδ½ǲ١˵ڰ͵û֮⣬µĵط
ڵһط֮Ϊɽһɽ峣겻ͣر׵˴ɻҲһĺ̡뿪ݳǣһ춼û£ŷɻһС»Ȼһɽȥ
д½ÿ궼ڶοǰɽۿܼ׵ɽʢͷɳʮοͣСʱʱ䣬ɽ֮¡
˶˷쳣ڵεĴɽȥʵʱѾܹӿнܼ׵¡¡
굱ǩĺͬǵ̣Ҳ˵ֻǸѳ͵Ͳٹܳꡣ
ʱѾţηɿؿɽ
һСʱ󣬳ѡһطȡǳȫעעžԼһǧԶɽ
һվţͬһڵĵطһͱڣ˴˼ҾɽֻһǧףľһҲ
վȥһһҹȻ궯еǳſն˳ȥ
һһնһһѤãһʱ䣬նһʱ䣬Ҵһ¹ȥΪѤһ
ʽɣ

곤³һ˳ػһȭͷĵʽսһԾ
弶۷ʵΪǳʵѾЩûǳߺǰ˲۷壬Ǳʹﵽ˺Ǿż۷塣
Ȼܴﵽÿһʽϵһ̨׵ΪϾֻǺǼԪȴҲܹϵ۷ʵܹͻϵϵķΧڣͿһʽһ̨ס
꿴һֱоһʱѾ˺εԼʱ䡣æȡֻ㿴ܶʾһ¶˴ĵ绰
¡¡Ҳʺϴ绰Ѹٵ뿪ɽŸδ绰֪͵
ݳǣ˼棬ȱʾǸ⣬ԼٵԭĸҹꣿĵǸ˵лһů
ĸھƵҪһ䣬Ʋˣĸ˳Ա֮ȡһŵͼϵʦ֣ɽĵͼÿһڶһǣǿﹺһЩرƷ͵ҩ֮ĶҪȥĵһЩϸЩϸָ߽ϸˣһȦϸߴһȼ򡣴ӺһǾżֻһŵĻ֣ζںһͲֺǶޣֻǸʱȽϵ͡ʱܹޡ
ͷаȻûдҪ˽ܶࡣ
Сν˵ɽǿѹǵԪǷӲȫʵڵһܹӳųɵʵڵڶǾܹӳ˳ɵʵڵֻܹӳ߳ɵʵ
΢΢üͷǵʵֻкһֻܹӳ߳ʵֻܹӳǼ⻹ôͨˣΪʲôһʱ䣬ȵʵǶˣ
ε¶ɬʦ֣ʥӵĸ洫ӵʮܹһսʥӣܹһջԴܹߵͬ˵ǰ档һٲ٣˵ˣⲻͨЩӶǰɽпˡȻΣգһͨ˿ˣܹΪʥˡ


849
룬Ǿǲס˵ӣֻһһҲܹʤһĶˣΣա
⡭ǻгʦ𣿡
ңҡҡͷҲһҪһЩ
ʦ֣Ҫ룿˳͡
ţͷﲻΪ˿ˣҲΪôܹȥ
һλǼᶨ˵ʦ֣ǻȥԣ
˵εֳһ˿ɬʵֹǣĴŰ˴ߣǵһ̽пˣϾʥӵĴǺҪȥƴ
ͷҲЩе뷨ԼҲһֱƴ
һҹ޻
ڶ죬ĸ뿪ݳǣɽȥԼһСʱĸ˱ɽ⡣̧ͷȥͱ֮佨һǣǽһȦĳǳءĸֱӴǶ˵һȦ
ɽһʵ˵ĸ˱ֱŵڶȦȥڵڶǳֱӴ뵽ڶȦ򡣼ֱӷУ뵽ǳء
ĸ˲ͣŴֻС
ǳغܴ󣬴ϴ߶ǺǼϵߡЩϵӦǰȦ򿼺˵ġľ˳ȥбֳһ˿죬߿ɲǺǼһô򵥣вٵĺǶϵߣкǾżߡǴҴҶϵҲϵһܴ󲿷ֶϵϵߡѹʵΣЩ߲ȫμӿ˵İɣ
ţҲѹ˵μӿ˵߲࣬ϾҪͻƵǼҲôףÿôͻƺǼ˵ߣ
Щ˵ʲô
ΪԭǳʺĲҩҲҪƷʸ߳ܶ࣬ȫҲǱǵƤǶľòϣѪڵľòϡԣ뵽֮Ҫ޸¸Σգǻıɵʱɱ˽ٲơʦ֣һҪСġ
Ŀɨϵߣص˵ͷ˽䱸֮ġ
ǻҪﹺʲô𣿡
ˣŵʱ׼ˣ
ͽʼ˰ɣ
ã
ĸ˳һɳŶĳŷȥ˳ſڣӷɳĿ͸޴ĳɽȥ
ʱ򣬼ɳھ߲ԶͣʮߴӼɳһųɽ
ǿ˵ĵط
ֻҪܹһ£Ǿʥˡ
Ŀ⳯ǵؿȥؿڵı־֪ڵĵӡЩڳſڽʯ֮󣬱һѷسɽ֮С
Ҳ߰ɣ
һųȥڳſڽʯ֮󣬾ٲ˳š
ĸɽȥǶûзУɽڷ̫ķԪʱΣգ޹ʵԪһְ׳յΪĸ˺ܿǰ˴Լףʱͣ
ʦ֡˶ؿųꡣ
ĿĹˣΧʱûʲôΣգ˵ǻϤһɣȻķһЩԪΪϤ״޵ʱ򷴶Կ
Ҳһݣųͷ
վڵϣڿзӦԼľ˳ȥüͷͲһ塣ȻľѹƣӵٶȺ;붼ֻٷ֮һˮƽżһ£ԭӵϵ弶۷ˮƽʱѾѹƵϵһ۷塣
顭
˫һأγһɳص˴Լһӵʱ䣬ԼԼǳ֮أʱԼ弶۷ľ类ѹƵ˺ļ
΢΢һüͷû뵽ԾѹƳ˶Ԫѹơشӿн䣬ĿһղŷϿУ˫ŴأҪҲһƬѣǴʱĿӹղԼصλãǴظûʲô仯
ôˡ
¶һ˿ɬѾѹƵǺ۷壬ܹӳ벽ǵ
ͷаﻹհ
ȡһƿҩ£ȻղֻһԪֻ£껹һֱ۷״̬ҲĬĬȡҩ¡ĸ˸ոҪϯض˹ϢԶ㴫һХ
ĸ˻Ȼתף㿴һٶֻצڴ֮ϣ¡¡죬ͬһ㡣
ǣϱɫܣ
䣬αǰӡ־غҲһ꣬ǰȥȻ֪οкķһʲôޣȴҲظĺ棬Ҳǵػͷš
ţ
ʱһٶֻǵǰ滹ʮڵԾţĿһڵʮ˵ߡľ˳ȥڷȺһɨüͷһ壬һٶֻǶǺһڵһ۷塣ķȺǾһɡ
ǡ
ʮڵôأ
ʱһٶֻǾʮڵѾܽˡڳľѾʮ߻ŵɫ
ಡ
ʮڷ˿УǷϿеһ̣ɫȴһ䣬֪ΪʲôνǷˡ

ֻһֻֻǵĺ󱳾Ȼչһ˫򣬷˿СɲԼʵУмܣӵļڿзУȻľͷǳСֲЩ߲ҷϿУ´ʱҲʱѷǣǺܿͻᱻ׷ϡ
ΣЩǾҲܽˡһ߷һ˵
˻ͷһۣȥһֻ׷һڵߣһҧĴϣȻŵȥ˲丩嵽ϣڿָʮֻǣֻ˲㽫Ǹ˺ʳ
Σȥǰ취ҪЩɱ
Ҫֳ̼֮ɫܹǾסķǣ
Ļξû˵ˣʦ񹦸ҲܲסǧķΧ㡣

ʱִһҽУһ߱׷ϣ˺ʳ
ϸǻ̼ѹեԼȫǱǰȥһҽȴͣպûвҽֻһǵХ˻ͷһɫòҰףڵʮ߾ȻѾȫɱʱһٶ˻׷


850
ʦ֣Ӳˣ
Ҳķǣٿ˴ʱϵϢƾٶҲȷʵѲЩǣᱻ׷ϡ
ӴԪռȡһӣڿһ˦㽫Σ־غհ
ʦ֡
д󾪣Ȼͱ˵ͷųŵĿ⡣ͼȻӿٶȣͬһسȥ
ͷȥһٶֻǵӰԽԽСսʧٶȣһջӣ·ȥ
ĬĬظ˳󣬲ʱųıӰһаȻ뺷⻹ǸǼʵ𣿡
ʦ֡۰Ͱ͵ųʵʲôʵ
弶۷壡겢ûԼԪʵ

κ־ضŴͣĿ𾪵ߵĳꡣ
ǡôˣ
֮ǰһֱѪǣ֪Ϊʥӻп¡ʵػش
һаûʥӵĸ治֪ʦô弶۷ġͬʱһʦͨοˣӵʥӵĸ˵ʵø죿
ȿ
ȡ˵ͼһһ߿ŵͼȻɫһʦ֣ܵǶˡʦ֣
ʱ·ûεĻһ㣬Ŀض·ɽһϽŹʵƵĹʵ
һ۾ϳǽƮֹʵھž޴ĺôƮƳɵҩܹں̶ܴž硣
ƮʱεҲƮƮûãõƮܹһǮ
ǣҲ֪֮ΪʮĹʵΧһŸ߽ػš
ʦ֣ƮҪˣ
ţ
ͷҪӳȥ鿴ɽûޣüëȴͻȻһ˽ŲͬʱҲɽȿڳ˰˸Ӱ
ʱĸ˴ͱһͻʯϣΧֶǲǱİ˸˷֡ʱҲ˹ȿеİ˸ˣһס˺
ľǰ˸˹ȥбһǰ˸ֻ֮һǺһ߸Ǻһ弶һǾżѹʵΣЩôֻһһ
Ҳѹ˴һЩϵ˵ʱи߽߱
⡭ҲпˣȻ
ϵҪһЩγһЦ˵Щ壬ĴһЩϵĺ￼˵ʱҲҲЩûи׵˲ŻԼƴ
ŶͷܿǸ𣿡
ҡͷ֪
˵ʦ֣ǸģҲǲ𰡡ǵɲ٣ǲǶ֡
˰ֹ֣סΡҲûгȥǸƮΧһޣİ˸̽̽·
İ˸˴ʱҲ˶ǿϵƮ˸˵ɫ˷Ǹһ˷ܵشЦҵǲȻƮֶܹ
һݣǿӶȥȴǱǸǾżһѸץ˻
壡ǸͷǸǾżߡ΢΢üͷĿɽɨɨȥ峤ƮΧһػҪСġ
ɫһ䣬˲ָֻȻЦ壬ֻǺǶǾżڣʲôµģ
弶Ҳ׷׵ͷƮܹʯ
˼һ£ʱɽпʼƮһŨ㡣
ƮҪˣߺ
彫һҧ峤м䣬ߣ
䣬ɽڷӶȥ֪ٵؽƮժŨͻܿƮɢȥߡ˵ˣҲˣ󲿷ֶǺǶżܳһ߼ޣҲߵȥҲͺ弶ԼһǾżﱻѹԪҲһ弶ޡ
ಡ
ӰɽڷӶȥϷĿŰ˸ˣҪǾǳһޡ
Ȼ䣬Ӱͣÿһߵ϶ֳ˿־ɫȻͼǰ˸߿ʼȡ˱ǰѸ͵


851
üͷһ壬һʮֲ⣬˸ߵΧһޣǰ˸ȴڷſţ·վǰǳޡ
ĿˣҲһãȻľȥɽϸɨ裬ɽڲûһޣɽǸɨȥоһ
һƴС˴ϵһϣ겻лɡ
ѵǰ˸߷˹Ҳһްûô⾿һʲô
˼Լд½֮Ķ鼮ȴûҵһޣתͷѹʵΣǿϵϿһƴСǸʲô
Ļ䣬εɫͱˡ˵ʦ֣ǸϽ뿪ɡˣΣˣ
ôǸֻһ𣿡
κ䶯һ£ѵ˵һֻܹͷųþһĻ󣬱˵ԸǼߣǶϵͽ׵ϵ߶ڻþʦ֣ǻǸϽ߰ɡ
󣿡΢˼ţܹͷų˵Ҳھߣֻ֪ھûа
Σʲôã
ʦҪշγԾʵ
뷨ͷ
ǾԲܣҡͷû˵շǾ߲СʮֶҪշԸһڵԾߺôƳɾǵྫߵľ硣
ĿһǾͰɱ˰ɣ
㡭Ҫȥɱ󣿡
ͷŻ֮⻹ʲô£
ûˣҲ㲻ʲôľͷŻʦ֣Ѿͷųþȥ뵽þ֮оˣǻ뿪ɣ
ҡҡͷƮһڵȻҲǾߣȥȥðս뵽ͷŵĻþ֮У˭֪󾿾ʲôԼʧڻĻþ֮УǾˡ
ӴԪռȡһѾѻǹȡһŴӳһڵõ˸ǿѻ˵֮С
˶Ȼų꣬ʱȻѣ֪ǿϵĳһ󣬵ȴȫ
ܹһܹһǹл
Ǹһ
顭
һŸǿѻ˻ԴƴСµ䡣
ಡ
η˳ȥֻ˲ɵǿϷƮժս˴Ԫռڣͬʱ·ȥ˲佫ǸʬҲ
ǣʱ˸Ҳ˹˳ժȡƮǵ۾̾ͺˡʱҲ˲ȥղžʲô飬ಡؽΧм䡣
ȵǿ˻ʬ壬ǻȻ֪Լ˸ղǽһͷŵĻþ֮С
ֲøղԼͬںһ޲ԭǶǻþ˸ߵҲǶԸ˻ΪǲС˻ͷŵĻ֮Уǰ˻ɱһ⡣
ԣǶԳҲû˿£֪˵õƮ֮⣬õһڵ˸˵۾ʱͺǸǾżȵСӣƮͻڵ㲻
Ŀһô˵ҲԼ˸˴ӻþо˳û뵽˸˲֪жĶһ
Ҳأ
ǾżְŪһеĴ󽣣ȻųǾͰҲ
ˮӴԪռȡǳ
ಡ
Σ־غӿ˳ȡ˱Դһů˵ʵΣܹʱǱһ̬ȣֵóһ
ӴģǸŵشЦ壬ǷʲôֱӴɱˣϵĶǵġ
忴꾹Ȼȡ˱ɫҲһСӣ
국˵ֻҪܹסһϵһж㣡
Сӣš
Ļδ䣬һѾն˳ȥһֻĵʽŶĵХȥɫʱͱþеĴ˲еǱܡ
䡭
͵˳ȥڷȳһӣ
һӡָոճڣͺȻѣ֫һءʣµ߸߷ӦǼ죬ֿȥžԼһ˹ȥâǸ롣Ҫ׷ɱߣȻͣȻѸٵؽɢڵϵ󽣺Ԫռкһӣ
˴ʱɫҲò԰ףֿ˷ȺʱȺȺȻٶֻȻûеȵӦһͰȻԶӶȥȫ˾һ򼲷ɶȥ
ûͷûβ淽һͨҷɣȵ˷Ⱥͣ鿴һµͼ˵۾ˡʱѾں
ͷΣϢһҰǸͻһ򡣡
˴ʱûǿʤǴʱѾˣԼͳȫһϣǿͳһ𣬲˵ǳΪ׸һ޷Ӧľ棬Σգ̵ͷ
ѸղɱĺǾżͺ弶ߵıʹԪռȡ˳þ̽һߣԳҺ۹⣬ȷʵûʲôȤģ㽫ЩݸεЩǷ˰ɣƮͻڵҾˡ
ﻹҴƮͻڵ⣿ǰǵĴԪռҲҪϾЩǳսƷǵҲǳȵģƴǵʦ֣ⶼսƷ
ڰ֣ȴεô룬ԼΧһ̣ܹ֣Ǽ㹻͸Щ
ŰɣǸϽһ£ҵϢһȻǾͷغһ򡣡
Ρ־غ໥һۣȻų깰ֵл֮󣬱һԷЩսƷԭȫȻµذԪռ͸ǣΪûʲôǣʼֵʱ˵вɼ
˵ģ˵Ԫռڵʯнһڣ˵һʺƣοһЩҩʯҩĶ


852
˸߲ҵطսƷȴѾһƿҩ뵽Ϣ֮С˲ҪϢΪһֱûоսܵʱҲǳܡʱ˴ʱȴֻʣˣµ˶Ǹ׷ϳԵˡ
˴ʱһ弶ǸһꡣʱǸɫ԰ףһ弶߲磬ô죿
λ߳һµ峤ǸʮΣգͲҪ뱨ˡ
Ǹ磬ҲΪȥҲΪԼ밡ǲ죬жʮҪȹ
ǻصһڣܹ峤ȹʮʱ䡣
峤ȴͷҡ˹һ˵УȺޣ¾ڣҲܲȫ
һ˿ģаĵӣ彻廹ϣ𣿾ΪǵճӣͿԵ峤𣿡
һ˿ƽǸ峤һ仰еĲƽȴ̻˿־塣
˵ˣںһǸô죿嶼Ķܹ֡ߣΪȺͻȻ֡˿ҲǸɱˡ
һǾһҲ޾־塣ȡ˵绰ðɣҺͼ㱨һ¡
壡
ڰ˴Ĵڣڵڶ峤Щӷǳˣ˵Ҫԭǰ˴֮һĳұǿ߶ˣ˸ֻʣڹϷֳ˳ĵ̣õ˲٣ʱʵҿѾͳ൱ٱһʱ䣬ҾȫȡҳΪ˴֮һ
ҵǣ֮ȡΪǣΪڰٷ֮ʮ˶ˡֻаٷ֮ʮ⡣
ǳ쳣޴㹻ǧˡʱںһȺ峤ϺϻǲٴǣϾҾҪ֮С
ˡ
𶯵ֻҴֻһϾͱɫСʱһҷɻǷŵɽȥ
ɽڡ
ʱѾ˷˺һ򣬳꼸þ֮ͻȻһ뷨ԪѹƲԾѹƣԾӰҪȶԪӰࡣ
ǲζһľѵط
ҳһߵΪȹ֮󣬾Ծ
ջʱΪʱѾ˲ͬʱԪҲ֮Ŀǰ״ȴǲʺԪ
˸֮󣬳㿪ʼɽɱ¾ںһҪͨӦ
ʱܹȥʮʱӺһɱ˺弶򡣴ʱѰһм͹ĲϥڻָԼԪ
ʮĸǿԣľѾȫɽĴΣգȴҲطȡ֮

곤³һſ۲쵽Χûע⵽׼ʼһԾʲôӰ졣
ϥ֮ϣʼ߶ʶڵǳתһ߶ƺһо߶ʶڵǳת࣬һûзǼ߶ʶڵǿǳתţشǿǳƮݳһ˿˿쳣ϸ˿ߣȻЩ˿߱ųʶų⡭
ǡһǾеʣԭΪԼľɹˣû뵽ʣ
ˡ
һسǵһɽ˷ųʶӿ˹ǹ뵽ʶ֮ں󣬳;ԼʶһлȻؼ˾ֻǱɽ쳣ҪԼǿڵľд
ִֻľҲһ㣬ǾΪ̫ˣҲͱʮֳأȻóʶرʹ漴ؿʼΡ
ľһһָоԼټľԼʶͻ
ǣľʵ̫ˣһָоԼܹ־Լľ˵ƷҲᷢʵı仯ֱ仯ͬǳһ㣬ͬ޵СܹͬһֱִľھͬҲ޵С
ǣ־һβܹգʶҪ


853
Ȼ䣬һһľƶʶǿǳתǿǳתٶ̻ӿʶٶҲһ롣
һľͨ磬ʶмһ
Ȼþսеľųͨͽ硣ֻһʶ֮ڣתǿǳա
ӿʶڵʶֻʶٲȥеǷݳأ֮ϲͣڹע뿪ɽҲܹƽʱڴִľ
һ죬һһڹעŴľֻʱ仹ûйעݻİٷ֮һ
Ȼ䣬ɽ𶯣Ȼо΢ֻ𶯵ıԵɽֺصĵطܹ𶯣еλһʮֺˡ
͸о˼һʱܹоԼľѾѹƵϵһ۷ĳ̶ȡ
ѸٵԺ˼ףǰЩӺһʱѾ˽ɽ鶼˼һȻһ
ʱ緢
˽Уɽ᲻ڵز緢緢ʱûйɣҲһһ緢Ҳǧꡣ緢ĵصҲͬʱ漶ʱǼ
ǣÿɽ緢緢һҺ壬Һһ־Һ״̬ͬʱÿ緢صҲһֽ޵ޣǿ󣬶Ҳھޣʮֵؿֲ
ֻȻֲǰ緢֮أΪľǻһЩҺһҲáֻһҺܹۣҺžߣͬҲż
ſзȥĿȻɫһ࣬ϵӨӨâʣǾҺε緢ϵ򡣶ľѹƵϵһȥﻹŲСΣա
ǡܲȥ
ҪԼʵͱڣðѰԼĻԵ
һ꿪˾ϵȥӨӨâȥ
ڡ
Լİ칫ڴһЩżתͷһ۵ĻȻһ̶ֳŭ֮ɫɿд꣬Сӣôܵϵˣ
ʱĵĻϣһϵǰƶ
µֳ֮ɫСôɣɽʲô飿
ɽڡ
ɫصǰȥʱѾɵϵ޵򣬶ҴʱѾǰԶӨӨâ
һ޴ɽһ޴ɽȻشѿˣһֻſ˴졣
ѷʵ̫ˣֱγһ޴ɽȣǾ޴ɽһŹâͬһſǳһڿз裬γһ޴С
ɫһ㶣֮ЩҺľȻܹƮѵν緢һַ
ž޴ɽϷȥʱеߴѿɽеѷ˹ȥоͲһǸѷɽȥǲǿֱȡЩҺһת˹ȥ
ܿ죬ͷɵѷ촦ȴȻסΣֻǰ߸ոշɽѷڣξͱǸ֮ڣЩû˿Һײ˹ֻ˲䣬˵ͱײ֧顣
꺧Ȼźȥ˲˳ѷ졣ʱߴӳӹѷ촦ȥһӰӳ߷ɹĿһ˲ǱˣȴТ졣
ʦ֣
꼱æͬʱТȥТͷȥѾĸǰһץסźȥоһ֮ȴǸĿ־壬ͼǰѷеЩǰļѾУ˲䱻ײ÷顣
⡭
ʱǰЩҲ˷һУһηˣ֪϶ž޴һ֮УǾֻһ;
ʱѾſТˣʱ䣬Ѿɳѷ֮⣬˲ɶ³һ
лл
Тϵ˵ʱТڳǰѾûһ˿ưѪǵʱТ֪ԼǳĶ֣ȻͻƵϵһ㣬ǿ꣬ȴû˿սʤİա
οԳЩӻûн
ľɨТ죬ֳЦݵϲ
Тҡҡͷʲôˣʲôʵ
ûеȵ꿪ڣһӰɵ˳ǰȵСӣõʲô
תͷȥһëվھ״Ŀһɨ֪ԷһϵһߣҲӦһ֮ˡʵֻҪʹĵʽնɱԷͬвһ㣬ȻԼʵѹˣǶԷҲͬѹơֻǿΧһȺ߻񣬳ջǵ˵ܹµõ𣿡
ǿ˵׼ǸЦ˵ҿȴܳ˭֪ûеõ
ಡ
ʱ߷վǸë󺺵ߵʦܣôˣ
ë´˳һ۵ҿСӵһܳõʲô
һ䣬֪ʱѾûʲô˵ˣǲܺƽ¡Ȼܹƽ⣬СӴԪռȡǳ֮ڻתǱۣʽ
ȫû뵽ͻȻֻ֣֮һȡһ߷ˣʽﻹü
һë󺺺;һ߾ͱնϣʣµһҲնȥһȡ
ಡ
һӰТ졣ڳһ˲ͷ˳ȥԳ˽⣬֪һ֡Ҳԥس֣ӹߵ˲䣬һͰѶԷԴ
Χжһ̫׺ˣ߼ǰ볤ϵߣҲ˵ϵһʱТɾɱˣһɶ̰֮ġ
˵ˡ
֪ûеõȥƴǲɵ
Ŀɨˣûгƣ΢һТʦ֣ȥ
ã
ϿշȥΧһЩʿҲ׷ϿշȥʱҶ֪ѷ켫ΣգҪõҺҲֻܹȥɽ֮ϡ


854
ɽʵ̫̫ˣҴʱַԳТʵҲһӵʱŷɵɽ֮ϡ
վɽ֮мĻȥһֱ𺳵ĸоʮֵľ޴зԲԲĻһ޴У޴оһҺɣڻڻתţͷų貵Ĺâͬһ޴ϵ
ܹϵڿ˵߲࣬ʱҲɽۣҲһٶһٶ߷ֲڷԲǾԵ̫ˣ˴˾ͿԷ
Тڷ۵ʯм䣬·ȥТЩüҪôܹõЩҺ
ТڴԪռڷʱĳȴͷųŻڵЩҺ˹ȥǽһҺȻһ
գ
Һ˲ʧ·ûйһҺһ㡣꽫Һս̰ͽڡ
б˵ף֪ԼܹջЩҺ
ಡ
ʱ򣬱㿴ТӳһסʮҺТϴϲкųһֺТһŸоء
ۡ
н飬ȵֻʣһҺТȴϲЦտôһҺܹüе
ʦܣǿ㣡ʱТְ˳ȥò˶þͻֹǸʱûǵķˣ
֣һһ
Ȼˣɽ緢һᾪд½ÿǼأǷɽ緢ֻʱ⡣ǴԼֻʱ䡣
ŶһͲܹТһˡǱ˵ʦ֣̣ȥĵط
Тֻ΢һ±ͷͬ⣬ΪһҲԼȡҺķһȡõĶҲ÷֡
ɽʧںڰ֮СһδͷųΧûˣĿŶȥʱȻߣҲ뾡취ȡҺ
ҿǣҲӦÿҰɣ
꿪ʼͷųһӾʮҺȻһ
գ
ʮҺͱս֮С
ڡ
յɽ緢Ϣɫһʱ˳ΪʲôҪðս뵽ϵ򣬳ΪһҺջ󣬲ܲǰ
̰ϵİť˽
кηԸ
֪ͨеĳϣǰһҿᣡ
ڡ
𽣵Ц緢Ϊ׼ģҺջֻһԾ
һڡ
΢΢۾֪ͨеĳǰһҿᣬǺǡεõҺԺúõø𽣵һʣǺǡ
ڡ
ƲһĻӵһĳȥɽһǧˣڳһ˿緢
ʱҶңңңŷңң˾ͽңҺͳҲ峤Դ£һϵɽ
ǿߴ˷ɽ
ʱɽг겻֪ƣȡһҺЩǱԭľ̫ࡣ
ԭľֻ̬ľȴҺ̬һţһע磬һͷ
ǲСϵѾȡһСʱװһǡ
ʱȡ˶ٰ
䡭
ڷȡҺĳȻоһҵ𶯣ɽ緢
޴𶯽г˹ȥд󾪣æȫź󷽷ˣǲû˻ȥαо޴˻ڡ
һ˲䣬֪Լûа취˻ȥˣһҧαСаܻܲȥͿֵܲܵеĽɱˣ
ʱΧһ߶䵽֮Уֻʱͱн顣ТȽˣԭͶʯķ϶֮УͻȻǡÿϷխķ϶˳꣬ɽغ꣬
ʱǾ޴֮Уеĳ곤һȫֵܹеĽɱҺײвɰȻǽ飬֮һҺܹɱġ֪ܲȡЩҺ


855
뵽̽һƬҺһ
գ
һƬҺսСдϲżȡȻһ
֪е·ʲôܲȥ
꿪ʼԿ·׹䣬ȴƺһ־޴ĸ׹䡣
һʼڵ֮ſʼ·׹䣬ٶȼʱоԼǳӢԼǸڵ֮ûȥ磬´ʱͲܹ׹䡣
Сʱʱ䣬оһɾ޴ĳųҪųȥȫ߶֮·׹䡣
ۡ
ײһĤһӼӿٶȡͨһ·˺̽һ˿ɫһ
ȻһƬˮС
һƬȫҺ̬ɵĺˮСҴʱҲоеĽɱȴܹоһӴ
߶֮ںˮƶţƶһʮ΢СĵطгźˮϷȥ

Ӻˮ¶ͷϷȥںˮеһ޴ͬˮһˮſȥˮϿգȻѳһҺڿ
ĿžԼ׵ľȥΪоǹܹҺγɵĺˮеʹﴫ
ȻԵͱڣڸУµĺˮγ˾޴С
˵壬ȫƾŸо꽫ؿЩ壬ֻ˲ľͱ飬ó겻ɾһ㱣æջ˾
ش߶ʶڵǿǳĻֳָһ˿ȻȻղľֻ쵽һ˲ȴоһһ
﾿ʲôڣô壿
겻ſ״ľ޴СȻ䣬;ԼһݣоԼӺʲôסˣĿ⼱æĴȥȴûз˿
ʱҺľˮУںˮǱУںˮͱڡ
ֻǡ
겻΢΢üͷͱ֮Щι״ʯͷЩʯͷͬһſŴϸȥַʯͷ
꽫ͷ˳ȥһôһôϸɨȥ΢ΪľɨУһһνĴû˿Ǿһʯͷ
Ҳûʲô˲𣬵ڵϵʱ򣬾ͼǧٹֵʯͷɴģʯͷҲûʲô˲ֻΧʯͷһٶãЩ档
Ȼ䣬΢ɵľʱľɨʮ˸֪
ûиҿǿôֻǽذǿôȻ͸š
һֻѾаٷ֮ʮʯͷֻаٷ֮ʮľ
Ȼ⾿ô¶ѵĶնʯͷǲǴȥҲʯͷ
ʱͲˣŪ⾿ô¶ζǸ޴ˮǸĴ˹ȥǸĸǰǿŴֱʯͷǳȴ֪滹ľ
Щ塣ǲ취뿪طճ껹ǿҪ˽һط
ղожעԼѾþɨΧûз飬˵ʲô档
꽫ȫչô棬Ȼһһ͸Լ֮ʯڹȥľľʲ㡣Щľʲ͸¶һ˿˿Ѿʮ
ųľһ͸ҲԽԽǿȻ䣬оһ˿ƺʲôܡ
̵׷˹ȥܿͲ׽һ˿һ˿ͣ׷ȥ
ڽǸһ漴о𾪵ò˾ҵĲ
ľµǰ澹ȻһˣһֻĴָСŮˡ
ǡĴָ
겻ܲ׵뵽ûеȵ취ǸĴָｻоһԼľС
˭
оһ㶣̶ǸĴָͨԼҲͨԼϢ
࣬ġǣ
ࣿǸĴָһµ࣬ԾȾ𣿡
㣿Щ죬ʱѾоĴָӵеľʮְ磬ԶԶسһָоĴָþͲǶ֡һǿĴڣҪԼȥ
ǸĴָ̾Ϣһ㿴ΧЩʯͷ𣿡
ţ
ԭǶһÿôﲻ֪ʲôʱһʯͷǸʯͷڣǸʯͷؿʼ֮ľγһӣȻǱŨľ㽥صǡ
пٵ˼ţӦΪɽ£һܹ֮侫ĶɣŨľȻܹЩǡⲻǺʱǸĴָ˵տʼǶܼǻҲʮֿ֣û飬ȻطСǻڣǷԼڲϵرǿ
ǡ
Ĳǿǵıȴʼط˱仯ʼʯǾһ֮󣬱㿪ʼѰԭҵԭ
ԭľԽԽŨԪظˣûԪأֻŨľ
һɽɢһЩ֪Χ״ȻĴָ˵ģŨľʲôûУʮϡӽաԼѾﵽ˺ǼϢ
ֻоûٳԪأЩȻȥܹڣѾһ漣
ֻнУû뵽⸽Ҳͼֻܹȡ΢Ԫء΢Ԫزôľǵͬһʯͷֻʣ

ȰѾջȥǳ㡣
ԥһ£ջǽ˻һ͸ӴƮ˳Ȼ۳ʬ壬ͬһվǰͷҲĴָСǺµһŮģ


856
һ㿴ӲԶô͸۳Ůӵģ
꿴ŮӣһֱŮˣľǻƽ͹ĵط͹ðĵطµףҲһ˿覴á
ֻǡ
óЩѪǣŮûдһ˿·ôվǰ
࡭
ǿԹҽг꣡꽫Լ궯ѹȥǲ࣬˵
ŶŮһͷ
ǽʲôʵ
ҽСࡣ
ҽС죡
ҽС̣
ˣǼ˵صͷĿشŮ˵ɨ
꣬Ҫһطһܹǻȥĵطܹ뿪𣿡
ô뿪
СϾһϲǿһθ֮УȻǵĸ뿪ʱˡ
Ѱ˼һµλǿܻ֪ǻǱɣǵ϶ʮִľ־Ѿγ˻棬һ޷֣ӱˡ
СŮӵֳ˻ңֻ־ǿ˶һְ
ǡô죿
һ͵ЦȴһƬλҵһط԰ǡǡ
ʲôСʵһƬ
ľʮǿ󣬶Ǹط˵ʮҪ˵ʵ˼Ŀǰʵǵסġ
ŮӳĬˣȻռľͲ֪ʱ飬ÿò˶ãͻкܶǿǶǿܶࡣ
Ů˾ȻͼŮӵһ󲨶Ȼǵü۳һĴָ״СӣȻֱ͵˳ǰ꣬ǵıԴھͰⱾԴ֮齻㣬ж㲻ʱֻҪⱾԴ֮飬Ǿͻ
оһ㶣ֻҪŮҪһ֤ȴû뵽Ůһ֤ѿʵǾң
Сֳһ˿ɬΣܹ뿪ǴԼҲаûǾȻӵǾͲңҲ鷳㣬ȴûʲô͸㣬ʲôᡣ
ԥһ£ջǰǸŮս磬˵ʵ̫Ҫˣܹð˿ΣաֻΪŮֻŮûжľٶȻҲȥκ˺Ů顣
ս磬ȻҳǸ֮ǰװŽĺӣӲ֪ʲôģǼȻܹϢҲܹϢŮҲ
Ž֮󣬽һȻŮ˵ȥ׼һ£׼ˣҾʹȥһطס⣬ʱٸѰĵط
ã
ŮƮ˸ԵĴ֮УԼСʱʱ䣬㿴ͱڿʼ΢΢𶯣ȻشܳþһɨȻ˷ɽһն㽫ն˷ɽץ뵽֮СȻе˵ǿԳˣ
Ӹ͸Ȼ󻯳ŮӣŮǰһ޼ʵ磬̰ʵĿȻ㼤ڿз裬ֻ˲ͷɳ˳Ұ
ҲֳЦݣŵ˵ϣаԺ˴ˣȥǸС˵ܹγҺʯͷˡ
ںӵѰţѰ˽Сʱʱ䣬ҵǸʯͷ
ȥ²⣬ܹ϶ǿʯͷС˵ġΪܹоǿʯͷӿҺǿʯͷ֮ϣһգ
ǿԼһٶ׵ĴʯͷͱսС
ʱվʯͷϣ´ʯͷʯͷϲĻƣҳҲ㲻ʯͷĲʡͷų֪һ£оʯͷһĪĲֲȴһֲϸظ֪һ£ȷֱĲǾ
оһԼľɣ
ϸ֪һ£ʯͷƺʶľȤֲʮ΢ҿ϶Լˣо


857
˳ֲ֪ȥףʯͷڵľһ̲ظԪأûоôпܻо
ӵžֻ֣̲֮ڵľòˣΪȡȴû뵽ʯͷȴܹڵ֮ȡȻΪȴڲϵسȡ
ʯͷŸ˰ɣ
ĲһΪŵˣľںϽ硣

곤һִʯͷȡľֻеһ˿һ˿ܿͱ粢û˿ʧ
Ҳǣʯͷ治֪˶꣬˵д½ɽûбɽеһɽҲûбֻɽײŪôһСӡ
Сӡ
ȻһǿɶҺܹ˷ˡЩҺİʵ̫ˡԭʣĴͲ࣬껹ڷԺ˵ԼľԪû뵽ȴݻԵ
ǣȻҪʯͷԺԼԴԴϵҺѡһɽȣȻɽڵĵ·ȥһ޴ӣͬһˮĺ
Ȼ㽫ǿʯͷӽӣһһӡ
䡭
Һͬһٲһص˽עǸ֮УȻǣһҺڹעȥ
ٶʵ̫ˣֻǲСʱʱ䣬Ǹ͹עҺֹȥ˴Լһʱ䣬ѾΪһ
ر磬ȻгܴʱҺѾͬһСϪʣ޼ֻǱյеǸתЩһŵҺ
Ŀӿ˻ȥɫһȻҲͱϳһ޴ĶڣԭڱˮûӴͣ¶˳
䡭
Ȼӿд˺֮оһϿȥϿյĴгң΢΢˫ۣȻϷʲôܹӦд½ϵĸˡ
ĿǸɽڣսһҧշǸɽȥȻôһɽ˵һԵ
ɽ֮ۡ
ʱߣĴţ˴壬ϵϵʿЩϵߵ󣬻ŴĺǼߡ
ĴͰ˴峤һߣм޴ҺСֻҼĿⶼЩóҼŭ
˷·𶼲żҲȥȡЩҺЩƺֹһμɽ緢ƺг
ƲĿ£ĿŵظӵڣںһȽ룬ûɣ
Ʋ仰һվЩڵɫʮѿΧЩʿڵĿⶼųֻ
µǸֳһ˿΢Ц˵ΪʲôҪȹϷ֣ѵڲǴţ
ţǺǡڵĸ𽣵ҪЩҺģȻϣһ֣ԲЦҪȽȥҪȽȥʵܲ𣿡
ɫ˵ʵҪԹ֪
һڵͻȻĿһ㡭ͻƵ漶ˣ
µֳŵЦݵøɽ緢֮ǰǺǡ
𽣵Ʋɫһ䡣ҲףȻͻƵ漶Ҳûа취ȻǵʵҪ¸ߣǲûиߵܹնɱµĵز
ΪڵĿɲԼһš໥һۣ϶ѿЦݣ¹ֵϲ
ллҲЦĹֻ
ȻҲͻƵ漶ôĸͿʼɣ𽣵˵
ã
ಡ
Ӱɽ۷Ȼ·ҺиȥЩҺǵײ˹ȥȴǵǿײɣǾ޴Һγ˽Ǹ첻в
ĸڿͬʱȡ˱¹˹ȥ
䡭
ÿһι±һ׶ȻһŶʱըǸ׶֮Уĸ漶߽·Ǳ룬˽Сʱʱ䣬ĸ˲Ŵ˳ɽ֮ϡ
ʱ򣬳ǸɽзɿطţȻסΣΪѾ˾ͷǰһ·
䡭
ضɽҡڱըһ˲֪ըڱըһֺըһܶը
д½ĸڱƣȴ֪ΪʲôҪôȥռҺ
ʱĵһȴ̽磬ΪڵǸɽѾ̮ˡ
뵽֮󣬱㿴С࣬С̺СŮӴӿ˹ƽڿзӣͷǵĳһ궯
ˣλȥ֮󣬵ø·
ಡ
Ů˳ǰر˵꣬طʵ̫ˣҪһԪأһǳȫסòã
ţֻҪУЦе˵
̫ˣǸŮӱ໥ƣǰΪıԾóһ̻
ˣꡣô࣬ҪΪʲô
ţûʲôҪģˣЦе˵
УŮҡͷܹסѾǷܹܶ࣬Ƿࡣ
°ͣ˼֮״ȻҪɡλȥ֮󣬹һЩҩӣһЩ磬ǸЩҩ԰ԱٿѳһЩҩ԰Щҩ£տаеɽȵض硣ˣʱٹһЩ֣ҲϡпǱԭҿѵĵǰʳСԺЩʳʳҲǸɡһжǴûɣ
е飬Ҫ֪ǲСֻռ䣬ŮӴ
û뵽ŮȴһںģʵЩ
ţЩ
û⣡
û⣿ȷû⣿
ţСЦ˵ԭľɾ͵ľ飬鶼ǲľ֮£˵׾١
Ŷ
Ȼ֪ǻһЩľͨҲŮΪԼ磬ԼҲòˡ


858
£ڰŮȥ͸¶һ˿̽š
ʱɽ֮ϣǱ̤ͱ֮󣬾Ȼ¶ĽֻǴʱЩҲըñΣ顣Ǿ޴ҲʧеҺȥ
𽣵ЦϿȵεؾС֪жٺûɫ
ʱƣǸŴʱ˷ֲ÷ɽȥڳһ·Ϊ֪Ȼը֤ڱƣԼóóȻسȥ»ᱻ֡
ЩΪʲôᱬƣ֪ǣÿɽ緢ʵһؾĿֻ緢֮ǸؾͻرգҲ˵Ǹмѿľ޴ڻرգԸ𽣵ǲŻὫŻҲαװͱڵŻը٣˾ͿԽ뵽ؾ֮С
ʱ𽣵Ʋ·ȥ壬ȴ޷˺漶ߡĸ˴ǲ壬嵽·ǳǳĺˮ𽣵üͷôô٣
ȻҲ죬ȴȡ˴Ԫռ俪ʼЩҺ˸𽣵ҲٱԹʼ
ƵشУͷųΪƲʱĴ¶ͷųȥΣˣҪˣ𽣵漶ߡ
룬𽣵ӦòǸڿ´ʱѾˣԼҲᱻԼĸо񣬻ǳȥܹоøһЩ
У𽣵þ̽ˣһʵʵŰɡ֮û£ǾӦûȥˡ
ĸʦȥȡǳǳĺˮĺܿ죬Сʱʱ䣬ˮͱȡһգʱĸʦŽĿ˿ڡʱҲˣ¶޴Ľܵǹܵ塣
ǽȥɣ𽣵ȥߵĹܵ
Һһ𣡡˵
Ʋ뿴µȥұߵġ
ã
µͷӰſзȥ˹֮ܵСԼһӵʱ䣬ܵͻȻͣɽ֮ϵĴʿ̺ˣȥ
ಡ
ʿ·ȥȻֳŹܵڷӶȥ
֮
Сشͷųһ֮ջ˾Ѿʱûˣв²ЩӦѾ뿪ˣͷųʮɽɽȥ
ľ磬ǻǿ죬һӵʱ䣬Ѿ˶⡣ҪȥĿȴܵϡ
ʲô
оһ㶣ΡಡһƮܵм䣬ȥܵʮ־޴׶ߡֻ΢Ѱ˼һ£ԥұߵǸܵ˽ȥ
ӵʱ䣬ʹӽܵг˳ȥξһ٣Ŀȥһ޴ĳӦһģĿĹˣҲֲӦһʲôĵطģӦһŷų䣬𾪵ǣĻת֪ǵĶԴʲô
һȴѾ򿪣ҵĽӡʱѾףνɽ緢ӦŷʲôЩҵĽӡӦЩոսġ
겻ͣ٣ŶĴŷӶȥ˴ţһͨͨͷһѾ򿪵Ĵţ˴ţξһ٣ǰһ޴ĳӵߣһĵŲǰţվҲŲǰ
ڳĶһ޴ĽţĴʱվھʮ״ǰʮﳢŴȽš
ǲ
һ죬ʮ˷һ󻶺ȻȽšһصȽűƿˡ
ΧһɧǺܿͰΪǰվĴǾҪ嵽ǰҲңΨнĿ˴ڡҲĿ˴ڡ
һͨͷͨһȽţĴھٲȥվһԣƣǽŵġЩҪȸղȴС̫࣬ڳ֣漶˳Ȼǰź飬Ȼٲ˽ȥͨ˼ľ


859
䡭
Ĵһʧڣ߾ӿ˿ڣȻһŷ˹
ҲǰӶȥһű俪ľϸӵش̶ͨڵȴڼؼ٣ΪһڣȻھɱ
ͨڷɿӶͻȻһ٣һǰһڷغһţȴТ졣
ʦ֣
ТȻͷϲֳϲ꣬û
ûлشǽĿšТЦҵʵǲ򲻿
Ѱ˼һ£Լʽ˵ܹ俪ţԼԪ̫Σյĵطɲ
귭ȡһŶʱըϣȻТԶӶȥը˳أиǲ١
䡭
һǸű㱻ը˳ȥһľ
ߣ
ڳ˽ڳŵɲǼ䣬мҲų˹ԥطӳһը
䡭
ڴһ죬ʱТѾ˷ĿһɨϾһ
һ޴ĳ䣬һЩҴʱЩתһӦһ콣ĳ䣬ڳ˽ûбĶץһѽɫһ䣬ѽƷԳƷвһѵڼƷ֮ϻԼ֪ƷĽ
ˣ˵
ТĿһ˵ξڳڷʼȡһѰѽ
֮⣬ըը֮Ŀɱ⣬ųТȴų˹ȥ
ǣոմӵվͼȵľͷȴźȻ򿪣ֻͬˮһӿ˽ߵģеģзġ
䡭
˵һ٣ֻ˲ͽովߺƬ
⼤ҵڻТһľ˲˳ȥɫһ䡣Ļˣ֪ӦЩǡ
ʦ֣ܣ
ʱѾȡò࣬һԵһǽڳ˹ȥڷӵİȡһڡ
䡭
ǽһα˶֮УТһ£һл˳ſڣͲת

ТʱǱ󱬷һӰѾǸ׶뵽Ǹ׶֮㿴𾪵һĻ
ͬһ䣬Ǹָľ޸ʱЩ޸Ȼͬ˿һһƬƬطųȥȻͱ
㡭Ǿߣ

ȻȵТ챾ܵһ˳ȥ
䡭
һ죬һڵղŵĵطը죬һл˳ǽϵĶڡ
䡭
겻֪ʲôʱȡ˻ڣһںǸл˵ϣǸл˺˳ȥȻɫһ䣬ѸٵװڵתǽںһڡǽںһڣȻŶڷȥ
ʦ֣
ʵó꺰ТѾŶڷȥڶǽڵĶ⣬һȺ׷ɱ˹
ڵĳТ۾һһδŵĳ䡣ʵһ·ĳ䶼ûб򿪣Ϊܵǰû˿ŵĵط俪˳Ĵš
ʱڷŵĶȱТһں꣬սƷֹЩˡ
ԼСģ
ҲһɤӾͿʼͷųȡڵȱʱѾһƲ⣬Ӧþһ޴ȱĻأֻıҪд½Ŀǰı߼˺ܶ࣬ѵд½ҲﶼϸĶ
һһ߿ٵػȡеıֻҪЩȱͻص򣬵͸˱ϡ
䡭
ТĻ˶Ժš
꣬ҼֲסˣТ󺰡
ˣ
˻ڣֽǽں俪һڣТ˽ȥȻǳȡֱТ赲ʱ䡣
ТҲȡ֪ԼٶȸͱȲߵĳꡣԼûüѾеıȡϣֹˡ
˵ˣ
ǳȵģûг꣬ղž˻˵
ǣһһĳ˽ȥȻ䣬ɫ䣬ֳһ֮󣬷ǽһ޴Ĺ㳡һԲεط㳡ĻˣԲι㳡ʮͨͬһԹʱĻ˴Щͨӿ˳ТһƬеڿڶ׼
Ŀһɨֻа˸ͨûӿˣЩ̽ȥ
ߣ
žһûӿ˵ͨӶͬʱȡʱٲ˽һʽĵʽ籡
䡭
ڳһ˲䣬߸ͨҲ˾ҵĺһݣЩҲ˽
䡭
һǰĻñ飬ĴɣТѾ֮ͨڡ
䡭
ıըЩ˵ڻȻûлǾ޴ȴƷ˳ȥӿٶȳ֮ͨڡ
䡭
֮ͨ˺ĿһɨںͨڵĻɱβͣҲһڣŻ˵ƬҲߵʬ壬ֻǸֱѾȶǱߵչһա
оһܹ˿ٶȳ嵽¶ϵϵߡַҵɱУЩ߿ҪȻ˻ҪΣա
꣬ˣ
ТĺͷҲصŶǽڳ˹ȥͬʱг˻ڣȻһ죬ǽں俪һڣα㴩˽ȥ
δֶͣһеõļڣɨ˳ȥ˲䱻и˼ΡͬʱֵĻٴĶǽٴκ俪һڣûͣس˽ȥТظ
һһ䣬ûߣֻмεıͱչһա
䡭
֪˶ٳ䣬һκ俪һǽڣ˽ȥ֮ɫһ㶡ȴʮڶſڵĻ˷һǱ˷ҳڵıҲչһա
ľһɨоһݣʮ˾Ȼϵߡ˳ͲͣȻһ俪˶ǽڣξʹ˽ȥ


860
ʮ˿һ㶣ȵǷӳ˹ТѾʧ

һϵ߸ߺһųТߵǸڷӶȥµҲ׷׽
ʱĳڲͣغǽڣһڣʱÿڶϵߣһʮ
ڳТ˵׷ϵԽԽࡣ
ಡ
괩һ䣬Ŀһһûб򿪵ĳ䣬ûҲûлˡڰڷһ˸ǹǹȱǹ
һߺ俪˶ǽڣһͷųһ˸ǹս硣
ಡ
һϵ߳˽ųһն˹кȵСĴԪռ£
䡭
귭һǳ֮ڱǱۣʽնǸϵε˳ȥһѪǽϵĶڴڶȥТڳһʱ˶֮ڡ
ಡ
˶ں־˼ըͬʱ俪˶ǽڣǰȥȡǰı
䡭
ТطӣȻһ٣˫Ŀͷųâ
һ쵶ĳ䣬Ŀһ뵽ھͱһѵһϵս
ͨڣͷűĹâԶܹо
һѾõȥ֪Ʒǳٱ
ಡ
ֱǰѾõȥ
Сǰѵ
βͣǾȴźͷųȥоһݣԷȻһϵ弶ľУТ۶˰Ǹߺȥ
Сң
Ǹϵ弶˲ȡһԼǰںڶ֮ϣȻ赲һ¶ԷȴûǶơ
оһϳǸƲд½ϵĲӦոյõġ
飡
ץסǰѾõ
ϡ
ǰѾõӼϳ˳оһأоѾõҲأǳͻ˺ǼʹѵǷѾ
յ֣ɵǸϵ弶˹ȥΪʱǸϵ弶Т˹ȥТΪ赲ˣôܹТ
ಡ
λδеľõѾն˳ȥֻоԪûйʹѵͨ͸˳ȥɵâն˶Է
䡭
Էöһ˵âʱ򣬳ѾӶеľõնĵʽ
ղһĵʽԳʵܹն嵶ʽʱӵ˶ԷǰŽʽն
Էֳ˲мӸղŵĵâͿԷʵԶ־˶ƣѾ׼̳
ûеĺǰѾõͬпһпǸƣȻ˶ԷϡԷ˲䱻г롣
䡭
ʱТѾüں俪ǽڣų꣡
ˣ
˵ٴʧǽڵĶУ¡¡һֱȥȥ껹ͣըһʱ֮֮ϡ
⡭
Тȳһ䣬ĿȴûЩƮһšĿһɾ飡
겻֪Ϊʲôн飬ҲǵģҲǺɵĽԼġߵȽϴ󣬷򲻻ôƮһͱ
꣬ңҲҪκζ
ãҪӦһ
ã
ТʲôһݣǸ˹ȥľ翴мڷɿؽӽڡ˫̲ϵӳըЩ߷ɿźȥ
꣬ˣТ˷ܵغ
ߣ
۶俪ǽڣŶڷȥȻ곯ӳը
꣬ôôըТ߷ɱ˵
иأ
˵˵治ǼٻڳҼǵչ˴һ·ӣʱ򽥽֮ˣһ£ȻӦ˹Դӳõ˾õТõ˽֮һ·ܶ೵䣬ֻܣϵ׷ϣûȡһڵıЩӦȡ
꣬ҪҪͣȡЩ
ĿɨһۣβͣǰȥҪǸϽûгõĶǶã档˵ǰ滹н飡


861
óһߣִʮ䣬óֵõ顣
䡭
ִǽڶڴ˳ȥȻȻ˻ԭִһڣںͻ˶ս
꣬ô죿Тŵʵ
ಡӳըȻתͷܣǻȥ
ִԭ·أТһ߷һ߽˵аꡣЩġ
ಡ
ͣǰϵߣһһϵ
顭
ֻ΢ͣһ£ξͳǸϵ˹ȥϣûѡأТ
顭
ТҲɵسǸϵߣϵֳһ˿ӣֻˣʵܹߵ
ˡ
һ룬˶Էʶ֮УǸϵ߼ЦϾһһ˲䣬ľõѾն˳ȥʽ񱼶
顭
죬Ǹϵ߱ն룬һߵТȴǸϵ˳ȥ³һѪκݺݵײǽϡ
䡭
תһǸϵն˹ȥǸϵȫû뵽Ǹϵ»ϡͿľͱնɱ
ˡ
ʮɽ͸ŵȥ˲һ󶴡һӣӵТĸǰһѽТ챳ŵضȥȥ˲䣬ӴԪռȡһյſһӣǸ޴յǸ֮ϣȻһģ㽫һʱըյĵز
ˡ
ʮɽɿתηɿ·Ǳ롣

꽫ԼȫͷųΪֻ趨ӣ֮Ǹյͻᱬը趨ʱͻᱻ˷֣֪Ƕ㵽
ֻҪû˿յըʱǸͻһƬ棬ǸҲᱻû˻ᷢټ
䡭
һضɽҡľͱһʮɽɢ
գ
꽫ɽȻТѹԼ£ûТ뵽ԼУźܶܣһû·Ůӣܹôɣ
䡭
ض̮ѳТ档ȴûʲô˺
ˡ
ʮɽٴ͸ֿʼڶһֱһСʱ궼֪ʱͣ
Ȼ÷ɽؿγһʯҡТִȡһֵ򿪣ռֳ⡣
ʦ֣û°ɣ
û£ЩأҸոͻϵǸϵТЩ꣬ɱǸϵ

ص׿ռ˴صĺТ³֣̬
ʦ֣㻹ǸϽ˰ɣûҩûеĻУ
УТƵȡҩ£Ȼϥ￪ʼ޸ơ
Т쿪ʼ޸ƣǿʼԼ״֮ǰ֮ͻƵľѾȫȶоһϲ
ʱҪʲô
ҪľȻѾȶˣǾͿԼͻˡ뵽̽ڵһ֮ȡ˳ʼͻơ
֮ЩϾͬһ㣬ݿһһ·ͻƶȥֻСʱʱֿ˾ŸѨϣͨѨϵﵽһʮʵ˺Ǽ۷塣
֮ͻ磬ۣТضԼһ֮ɫʵ㿴Ҹ
㡭ͻˣ
ţ
ϢǴﵽ˺
š
ôɱǸϵģ
귭һ۵ֲǲ֪ܹԽս
ǡǡТɫЩ᣺ҲܹԽôĽλ
ȲҪ˵Щˣ㻹ǵõʱ˵Ļ𣿡
ǵãТͷ꣬Ѿõ飬ûбҪ˰ɣ
Уᣡ
ТЩãа궼õˣһõôıҵõıٱֹ㻹Ҫʲô
ǲҲûа취˭򲻹ֻ꣬ƵŶĳꡣ
ʦֻ֣ӦҽǸˡ
ʲʲôТ캧Ȼųꡣ
ûֻҪӦǸˡ
Тʱƽˣǿһؿųʦܣҵ־гһճΪֲҴӦˣҾܹΪδ
Ҵ𲻴ӦɣֱТ졣
ӦΪʲôӦТ콫һֻͦҪ㲻֮λһ֮λһĵģ
귭һ۵Һʲô˵ˣһûʲô飬´
ʲʲô˼Т㶵ųꡣ
ΪһѡѾˣ
ˣТɫһ˭
ң
㣿
Ҳ뵱֮λ㣬һһǱΪһѰһ飬ҲԸԸⵣ
㡭㲻Ը⵱Т𾪵ųꡣ
˼𣿡
㡭
ˣʦ֣Ҫúȡմﵽ漶ڵݶڴڸһЩ
䣬ѵ¸ӵݸТ㿴ɡ
Ȼ󣬳ȡһŽʱľƷǳΣգҲ˲ϾǷȶˣ뾡ܵʵȶ磬ôңȶ˾һȥɱһͨˡ
䡭
ʶһ𶯣ʶ֮һڣóһ㱡֪һˣҪʱ䣬ԳֻžĻ㱣ȴ
ȥһӵʱ䣬һвŻָƽ곤³һ۾ТضԼ
ָ
ˣТݺݵصͷ
ʲôˣЩĪ
ΪһˡТֺݺݵصͷ
̲סһֿڣԭһֱң
ٺ١ТεЦȻŹֵųĲԸ⵱
Ը⣬̫࣡

ˣҪס㽫֮λһʱҪһ׼һ飬аӴȥ

УÿͻƵ漶㻹ϵƣҾͲòһʱˡҵһ쵱ڶͻƵ漶ȻҾͿ԰֮λˡ



862
ˣҪˣ

ôˣ¶
⼸ֲ𣿡Т췭Ųӣָļֲϡ
УͷʲôҶУ
ɲǴĲʵ̫ȫˣТϲϽңҪ

ôˡТȻӦ˹Ͳ߱һʱ֮䲻ΣȻȲ˵꣬߰ɡ뿪š
ҡҡͷ̫Σˣһʵ
Ȼ󣬳㲻Т죬ȡ֮ʼһͻơһСʱ󣬳ͨѨﵽһʮĸʵ˺߼۷塣
󣬳ԥںһŽ飬ͻƣСʱ󣬳ͨѨǴﵽһʮʵﵽ˺ǰ˼۷塣
ТôؿųӺ弶ͻƵǰ˼һƬ֮ɫ۾Т𾪵ģüȥýƳռ䣬Ȼȡ֮ͻƵϵ
ǡǲͻһ꣬㲻ܿڽλҲҰɣ
һ̯˫ֵôܣҵĽҲˡ
˭֪̬ûнٶҲ
߰ɣ
ͷųһͷųоһϲʵߣҲˡɫһźƺܹԪͬˡγԪͻסȴֻһ롣ϵ弶۷ϵڡ
ͷųһ̽飬ŷһ߿ŷɽб˹ȥ
ʱĴѾһ֮ǰű飬Ĵ˽ȥȻĴ˫ĿŹ⣬ǰ˹ȥ
һңǰŰڷһӣϷһƴСԲȻϷһӣӵϷһսӵĺվһס

վţ
Ǹûκ֧ţôվ·һһ㡣
ಡ
ĸУվʵǵһЩǸױ𽣵ȥǰսƲȥǸԲȥֻɫվ
ʱĸǹе˶Ѿòˣ˽ʮߣΪ͵ҲǺǰ˼òˣЩ˾Ϳʼɱ١һǶ
һƬĻУТһ˵ĳص˳ʱѾһƬ棬ⲻɵģоҵĴɵġ
꣬ô죿ǲ뿪
ҡͷаѾˣʱ˳ȥ˵Ǵȥ˶ˡõİ취ҵȻߡ
ŵſڣ̽ͷš
䡭
һӰײ˹˽ͷಡ˻ȥֻǸصˤ˵ϣȻ۾ųТˣȴǲһᣬ˹ȥ
ಡ
һδ˽ûпߵĳТ죬ֱǸʬȥˡ
ۡ
еĽʬʬһһһԪռͱץС
ಡ
һɽʺͷ˳һۣȻɵڵϡɿ˹ȥǸеĴԪռֽڵĴԪռҲȻТǱ˳ȥ
ӵоԶΧ״ǳ˽⣬һ·żҵսĴѰ¡ڼҲ˼սɾظɵֻһ˿ԵڵһߣԷҲһߣֻǾ΢һЩҲϵ弶ľ硣
һû̫ʹջͻȻɵ˶Է
һ·СǰУ͵Ϯ˲ߡȻջҲ١
Ȼ䣬һͣǰԶһȵţþȥ۲죬ТܹһȺߡʱڴҵĴͺ
ڣǾΧɱڡ
ϡ
һ
ٺ١ֻˣʮˣֻҪȫɱˣ˭֪ɱǡ
ꡭ
š
УҺһȥˣҿ´

ŷȥͷ˳ȥ΢ġǿĲһϵ߼͵Ϯ֮£ɱʮûлᡣ
͵͵ͷųʮɽʹ˳ȥ
ಡ
ʮһ˲䱻п˺Ǹϵ߼ȴڼ䲻ݷ֮ʻӽķɽ˳ȥͬʱȵ˭


863
ˡ
Ȼ䣬ʮɽ˶ȥ

Էչ˲佫ʮɽֵ˳ȥ
ǡ
ʮɽڿл۳һѴ󽣣ŶԷͷն£˲䱩Ǽ߲ڡ
䡭
Ǹߵα˳ȥʱһâնǸղźƴɱǸڳϣϵ߼۷졣
顭
ڿз㱻âг룬Ȼ쳯ſڹֵλȣĳһݡ
ԳϣǣТſڼ˽˷ɽ˺档
Т죬㣿ɫһ۵Ĳţ󿴵Т챳ĳ꣬аŶТôǾߣһǸڵĸ־ǡ
ֹֻ𣬸Ҫ˵ɫֽ
㡭ǳꣿ
Գĺ䶯Ϊϵô᲻֪ڸ߲㻹רΪ˳꿪ᡣ
ǰԳϣͷĿһɨˣϵ߼ϵ
㡭ǾߣĲš
ԳϣûˣТǰЦе˵֪
֪Ǿߣ
ţТͷ
ʱľȴӣȻΪɽԭܹӺԶǸܹ
Գ˼ؿ˳һۡղſǿ֮ζʲôζųʵ͡
꣬лϵ˵
ͬһڣӦġ˵Գϣǲµĳ䶼ѾѰˣ
ǣ
ɫøص˵ʱ¾໥ɱʱˡ
ɫҲһ䣬Լղŵصصͷ꣬ʲô⣿
̴ɨսȻȥʱ۵ΧȫġңĴ֮УʵҲ͵ģǻ۹ȥԽ࣬ҲԽȫ
ɫһ䣬ʲô飬ڿɾΣˡ̶ԼԵ˵ϽɨսȻתضԳ˵꣬ôȥ
Ҳûʲôð취˴ɨս߰ɣôңֻܹұ˵
ã
ʱҲֻܹĻΪʵ£֪ȻǾߣž磬ȻҪԼǿ
ĸ˿ʼϵڵܶţڼսЩսǲɱģҴǳġΪ˺ܶڵں߼ʱȻҪǰԮȣֻоЩˣĶܹԽԽʵԽԽǿȫҲԽԽ
ɱһ֮󣬳ߵĶѾ˰ǧˣǧٶ˶ϵϵߣµҲǺǼ˲ϵߡ˵Գǰ˼۷ʵȻǵףҲں棬ǳʱȴ֧졣
Ϊӵž磬ָ֧·ơϵڵľЩ˵ҲǶĴڡ
µֻϵżܹͿ֪ϵִҲ࣬οϵڣ
ȻҲвٵʵ߳꣬ϵżҲ߸û˶ԳԹԣǧ˶ǳһģûгľ̽飬Ǹͻ۲
䵱ǺʱǵĸдΪǿҡڼǾߣΪЩ˶ǾߣǺܿͻ۵һγ˵һнˡ
ǵ˺ͳǧʱҲڵ˳һһʱ֧顣СĶֻˣĶҲˣǴݿǵǧ˵ĶʱҲǹ˼ɡ
ķ˽Ҳܹǰǧ˸ɵҲԻʧһҵˣȻǲȥ˫ʮֽ䱸ظԵתûз
ڵ߸о˳Ҫԣ᳹ӵؼ
꣬ҵ𣿡ϵżų콹ʵ
ûУҲЩơ³ɱ¾ʮֵزȫ
Ҫ߰ɣҲѾȥˡ
ã
̵ͷʱΧĻԽԽң۵ĶԽԽࡣѾǳ׹
ռе·˿ʼطξս˺ܶ࣬߿ӴĶ飬֮ززӱɱҲûж١һʱ䣬ʱѾһ˵Ķ¡¡س˽ܵɽ֮Ϸȥ

һɽۣͿվɽ֮ϣ˶˷ܵ·˹ȥ½üͷôڵӷ˹չЦããã
һӿôڵӣҲһ˸˲ֽĿ䱸ر˴
꿴ɫһ㶣ֽĿ£ȴû̫صĽ䱸ȴһ
ʱųվµؽǳ㱨һ飬Ŀ͡
ԭ˶Ǿͷţȵ
еʿ̸ϯضֻÿȻڷʳҩϢʱȴҲнű
Ҳæȡҩ£ʼϢСʱ֮󣬳ָ۷״̬Χɼžʱи·ߴȻѰŸԵĶ顣
ֳһƾ뵽֮УȻͲӵԭóʱʶõҪ֮ǰõκһƷߡ
ظоһ£ʱзԲֱͿһСĴ½ˡ
ֻһĲֶƻˡ
ȥ²һˣСȥˣ
꿪ʼþѰţڿС˴ʱ͵վһãȻȥЩܲôͻȻ˾޴ı仯
Ǹֳһ˿ЦݣȻ󽫾˳ĿͻȻһ˳ҵˣԹһ˿ЦаңǾ͵ŰɣһܿͰǳҽʣػȥ
ֵ죬ڡТȻҲͨ˿ˣТȥ֮󣬾ͻΪڵĳϣǻΪʥӡ
֮
صڣТ֣ûǰʥ򱨵ǻصԼ洫򣬽뵽ԼıȻŲһ٣εˣ֪ûл
ӦûʲôΣˣӿɽɽеЩ޲Ǳɱŵöһʵֲᱻȥע⣬Ӧÿ԰ȫضȹˡ


864
£꽫Źϣͽ뵽統УȻͿʼ²硣
ɽӹȣƽԭꡭ
һ·ֲʵ֮ǰһֻÿһɽÿһӹȣÿһƽԭÿһ궼ʮ־޴
СŮӾô͵ǰһб仯ȻʲôſзȥȻչ㿴˳ꡣηӣܿ˳ΧôԵؿų˫չͣظıһС

³һ˫ۣ㽫һвϡ
񣡡
Ȼ䣬۵껽ѣĿС࣬СС˵ϣʱȫɾɵŮݷǰ壬ڳһͶصƣ߸ƨڸ
ಡ
磬Ĩһ±ѪøϽȥЩ·

⴫
ľ˳ȥ㿴Тˬվ档˴ǰŴ򿪣ûеȵ˵Т˵ߣҪ㣡
ţңʲô£
֪Ҹոյ˳ϣȥݼʱͻȻ㡣
ͷҲûТİ칫ҷȥİ칫⣬Ӵ֪ĳͣԳЦеģҵ飬ͿóТţȻȥͨٳͿ˽ȥ
뵽칫ңʩ֮󣬳Т˱ֱµǰĿ´ųȥˣ㶼ܵϵˣ
ٺ١Цš
ˣġ˵˵ʲôʵˣ˵ľѾﵽϵ߼
ûУҡͷֻϵ
ֻС¿ЦʵԳȥһ壬߽һСˡˣЩ֪ϵ߼֮󣬶̳Ϊųϣ㿴Σ
Ѱ˼һ£ȻҡͷˣڵԪǺǼʥӰɡҲȱԴȱʱҪˡ
ţֵؿų꣬Ҫ֪ϳϿкܶȫģԴţТ졣
ǰꡭ
ТЦǺǵؿڣȴڰֹסȨҲΪΡӦ֪ҵĿʲôҵĿǷ磬ӭûʱȥЩ£Ŀǰֻ
Т𾪵ų꣬һ˵֪ô־򡣲ŵҲһ˼ģһźô𣿡
̧ͷãһа˼
ɵЦҲɵЦûиڵʲôջ񣿡
ЦТļջ
µɫùŹֵջһŮĻ⡭
Т
ȻЦˣˣ֮ʲôܡ
һȻвĵطһۣ˵ҵһ飬Ȼˡ
ҵ˽飿ˣȻ
ǰȻصͷѡе´ȻǸˣ
µ˰ۣεصͷУǳҪסһûͻƵ漶͸ҵһ
üµĻ
Ҳüͷ㻹ûо
ЩãҡҡͷµҲ¶ΣֻТһˣ֪ڴʲôա죬»ָƽʵ꣬ҵ鴫һҲһҪʲôͣ
Ҫ˵ãȴȻ۾һҪʵҩӣʵ磬в֡
ҪЩʲô
ý硣
ý磿㶵˳죬ûк˵һܹж󣿰ѳҩ԰ͺãҪͲָʲôѵ㻹Ҫֲݣ
ţЦеصͷ
֣
ɣ
֣
ǸһԵТǵ˵
˵ʲôºݺݵصТ죺Ҳ
ǡǳꡭõ顭
ʲôµɴ۾õģ
ںˡ국˵
ںˣºüĿȻ̾ϢһˣԸʲôʲôһ֪ͨŸһЩ
Цеصͷ


865
¿ųЦе̬
ЦеغТ뿪ˡТǿ׳һĿų꣬Ҫ
ţ
һҡͷͳ֣صԼı˸ЩӺ֮ġ
µĶǿ죬ʱ˸Ԫռ䣬֮󣬳鿴һ´Ԫռ䣬ƲƲ죬డƷҪȥһЩ
һ뵽磬С˽Ԫռݸˣǲ磬Ȼ뿪硣
ڱڣ˼ԼİšԼľѾﵽϵڣԪﵽ˺ǰ˼۷塣ͨɽĴսѾȫʵԼˡ
ȰᵽʥȻȥ㹻֮ĶСǲ磬Ȼȥҵػٵٷص򿴿ȻٻȻЩʱ
뵽ӱʥȥʥĴſڣǼǣȻָ㣬һ¥ȥ˴¥ĸǰٲŴȥ
ƿţڷ̨ѯһ£ȻϽԼоƬܿͰסʥһԪռ䣬꿴һ£һЩԴһоƬǴԼݡһоƬʥҪصĹ򣬻һоƬԼʥסıԿס
Ѿڷ̨ϿԼλã뿪˴¥ԼȥԼǰ򿪷ţĴһ£㷢ĴһƬҳ԰ҲһƬ˥ܡ̾ϢһҪɨˡ
ʱ򣬴⴫һŲžһɤţ꣡
ͷһ㿴޼ɴŮ˽ųչ˫ӵ˹
ҲֳЦݣ˺ݺݵӵһ𣬻˴󱳲ŷֿ
꣬ڻˣԺͿһˣ
ȻԼİţ΢Цصͷ
꣬ŮԺļӶ¶ǡ
ǣ
ǶһЩŵĺʱȽϲҲͻƵͫʹﵽ˼ޣǾҪЩŮˣʺЩַ˾ȥʱ㸶ǹʾˡУҪ԰סǺԼ
䣬ݸ˳һݺԼѸٵطһ£ú͵ϵļ࣬ǩ֣ȻȡһЩʯһӸĹʡ
Ů˽ӹĹʣֳ˷֮ɫ֤˲һ֮ˣһԵ޼ɵʵ꣬㲻׼ס
ͷҹЩ׼ȥ
޼ҡҡͷҿʱŵʱ仹࡭
ʱִ˽Ų޼תת鷳ˣȶһ㣬øӣ
䣬޼ɱವһܽŪóһһ㶵ġʱһӴֵ˽˳ģ
ľһɨ֪ԷֻһʱѾ׹ˣϵҪ۸һµӡҲԼȻҲˣʥûʲôˣ˵ܶʥûмԼ¾֪ԼҲ
Գԭӣ̾ͻͶԷ̨Ҳڵĵɱ̫ࡣǵصͷǣ
µõԴóɡ
ΪʲôԹһ˿ԱߵŮɫ԰ף˵ȥɨɡ
ǣŮʩ֮뿪ǰԺСŽ뵽˱ڡ
ΪʲôǸ߼ЦȻֻȭͷյøֱΪұǿ
Ҫǲأ국˵
Ǹߵֳһ˿Ҳ֪
˵˵
Ǹ߿ֵģоֳŭһУȻԼȡ
Ŷͷǲ˵ұǿͿ԰УȻĴԪռ
ǺǡǸЦˣֻҪǸ
ǺðɣĴԪռ佻Ҿʹ㣡국˵
Сӣ˵ʲô
겻ĿҲ䡣Ǹߵоһ䣬漴һŭԼȻһסˡ
һŭͲԸںͳϻˣǰһ壬һȾͱñֱųĵ˹ͬһ˴ǹƿ˿顱˹
顭
һץס˶ԷĽףԷĿһҪһʽȴȻоһʹӶ飬ʧȥж
꾫һɨ֪ԷĴԪռĴڣƳĴһץһʹ㽫ǸԪռץסȻһ𣬶߾һǲȣȻһӣ㽫Էӳ⡣⴫Ǹߵĺҵţ
ಡ
޼ɴӶ˳ߣųĴָ
ûкصһ۵һʲôģ
ٺ١޼ɼթ˵һкǾżˡ
ţͻȻЦ˵ղôƵģŵӽ˷ԭںǸǾż
Һ£µɴ۾Ǻһ£
ʼ磬ûµðɣǺǾͲҴ㣬Ϳˡ
ɫһȻЦõ޼ȴͻȻһ꣬ԴʦͻϵΪ֮ʥо޷ʵǿˣǺǾż۷壬ҺܲԸƲң˵ӵܡ
ѵ𣿡Ц˵
ҡҲѾܾˣ޼ɺ㿴Ǻ۷ˡ
þһɨȻ޼ѾǺ۷塣佱䣬ͼ޼ವһܽ˱ڣһ仰ˣ
ҡҡͷҲĽŲҲһ˵ĽŲʮ˵ĽŲ
Ȼܿʮһ˳ԺоǸղűϴȵߣʱ򵥵ذһ£סһӡ꾫һɨ֪ʮΪҲǺԼһĺǰ˼ǰ˼ܹͳ
겻ʹƣǳ֮ͰѶԷѹġ
Сӣ˵Ľʦܣ
ʱѾúǷϻŮʰ䣬Ҳûеطȥĵվ￴Ǹ˱ݡ
Ǹ˼꾹Ȼϸֳŭһλߵɢذ˰֡



866
ǾŸ߾ͰѳΧм䣬ȻǾŸɫһΪǷֳβˣ漴˹ͷĶ
Ȼ׼֣ȻǷϻЩ˳ʱ򣬾ͺȻ֡
ֻǲӵʱ䣬Ͼ˾ŸˣʱѾվǸǰ˼ĸǰһֻĲӣ
š֡
Ǹǰ˼ţ˲˶ԷȻ󽫶Է˵ϣȻĿǸŹӵߡ
ҡҡǸ߶߶µؾȻ˵
겻ٴǣȡһӶ㽫ʮڵĴԪռ˳ȻһһţԺʮһ˶˳ȥ
ಡ޼ִ˳óһ
ʱŮӶҲȫû뵽һոս뵽ʥ˻ô޼ҲЩԻȻΪܹЩߣȴӦɰҲӦóǰǳʹſ԰
ʲôʱˣѵͻˣ
Լͻˣôûͻƣ
꣬ʲôʵ
ǰ˼۷壡
ʲʲô
޼ɵ۾ų꣬ʱæŮҲ˶ţʵǺǰ˼۷壬˶һۣеĶˡ
ٺ١޼ɳԾ֮Цʮֲ죬ʵ㷸ˣ
в
Цô
𣿡
㡣
ٺ١޼Ц꣬һ᷿ˣһǸ޷ͻ㣬Ҷ֡
ôȷ
һ޼һűߣһ˵㲻֪Ǹˣǰʦѹʦˣ֪жšոճΪʥӵϯӣôµţ
޼ʧſڵıҡҡͷѾǳд½ѾûȤ鷳Ҳܹ㡣Ǳ㽫ֲڶĵվ
ȻСʱʱ䣬ſ˽ŲεƸʮߴӵһǾż۷˽ʣѾ֪Ǹ˾޷ֳһ˿ε޷ǰɣ
޷һ㶣̶ֳȻ֮ɫ꣬ԭ㣡
ֵһ㶣ʶң
޷ͷ֪һЩ飬Ҳֻʵһ뵽ʥ򣬾Ͱһǰ˼ˡʱһ֣ʲôʱֳһ
Цʦǣ
û£˭ôǺǡ
˵Ŀһµ꣬ոסҪҪæ
ʱ޷ʮ˶һ𾪣е޷̬ȣеԭҪ鷳ǳꡣҲЩ֪꣬ɽм֪꣬ԪһߣʱԳ꣬һˡ
ʱҲף޷֪Լ飬ҡͷã˰ʰ
ǡȥһ޷ڵ
ոոס£հɣҲ˵
Ǻãųʦˣ
꽫޷˳ȥ޼Ƶشӷ˳һۣҡҡͷû˼߰ɣǺȾȥ
ҡҡͷҲȴûʲô£Ҳʲô飬Ը޼뿪˱˰귵˱Ѿʰøɸɾ԰Ҳ¿ֲһ뵽ŮӾʹɳվ˵ˣȥϴˮ
Ҫ𣿡
ҡҡͷͲˣѾԱˣ㱭裡
ǣ
Ůһ¥ȥϴˮһΪ衣һʱǸϴˮŮѾ¥ϴˮѾźˣ
ţ
ͷ²豭ĿŮɨŮӶʮᣬһ޼ɾϸѡģĻòϼ֮ѡŮӶǱͫʵ
ʲô֣
ҽжº졣
ҽѩ
ţͷ¥ȥźͬȥŴ¥ǸǷоƬҲܹʱ
ǣ
߽ԡңһ裬ȻصԼԡһʱ䶼ڽ֮Уûʵʵڵ˯һ
ڶ졣
뿪ڣȻʼչ磬ҩӣͲ֡ЩʣҲ˳ʯͬʱгûչһǳ֮Һǳͬʱûؽظٵˡ


867
һҲһЩϢ׼Ѵɽеõıַߵ˼ͣ
ԭЩд½ĴݡеΪʵǿ߽ɽڵõıֱʹã԰ڡǣЩ˾ͱɱߡ
Ȼɽڵıܶ࣬ٶҲûд½߶࣬д½ǾǾţһë
һЩʵϵ͵ҪЩЩɹȴҲɱõĴʯߡ
˺û߸ұֳԼӵıҲһЩԼûóǰѾõ԰ڣɽԴӿʼߵʱԼһֱõǾûóõТ֮⣬û֪ԼӵһѾõ
ͬʱҲʱ˰Щڵ뷨Ӧڲþͻ½ǰд½ǴֱǰûһܹŻȥͬʱһд½żȻȥ˵򣬷˵ֱǵѡ
Ժ˵ɣ
ſֲӻصɽȥһ䵽ɽڣӥ˾ѾվȴɽȵϿգ㽵˷еٶȣؼӵҲѾϴķװȻصĵ˳
ν뵽أڷӥӲһȦ֮󣬳Щ㶡ĻؽһʮӴĵ³ǣסѾ򣬶˵вսԱ󲿷ֶ˺ӡ
˻ңףӥԱ£Χʮ߸졣ӥڻ㱨һЩ֮ɫЩضԳ˵ϴںܶ˶ϣܹص򡣡
üëһĿ罣ض˷ӥӥæ˵ϴ㲻ҪᣬЩֻҪؼңǵļҡǲд½ˡ
Ŀɨʮ߸ˣʮ߸˵Ҳڴ
Уҡҡͷӥ˵۾Ѹٰȥ
ϴ󣡡ӥĺ䶯һ£ǡܲûصһЩսԱص򣿡
У
ҡͷ
ϴΪʲôӥЩίǶԵûж⣬ֻҪؼҡ
鲻ᡣҲгһһѡ񣬻ǻص򣬻Զд½ڲС
ʲʲô˼ӥͰ͵ʵԶʲô˼
ʮ߸ҲɫһĿƵųꡣ΢΢üͷջɽֵ˵һܣҿ͸¶һȴԲй¶ȥɱǡ
ӥʮ߸̵ͷƺоڽӴһܣһһ̵ͷʾԼԲй¶ȥ
о÷룬һ첻ңԶǸʱǿѡǰ򣬻д½ѡԺҲûиıĻᡣ
ϴ˵ԺҲͨ
ǣͷ罫ӭԺҲĩա
һĬ˶û뵽Ǵ˱ըԵϢһʱ֮ЩãȻͬʱҲһݣų˵ǡǡǲζų겻һˣһ֯
ʲôܹ֯˴ĵ̣
ӥþ͸ˣʵڵӣѵ֯ڣ
ԣ
ֻһڿѵĴ֣
ô꽨صĿʲô᲻ĴһֶΣ
ӥȻ˲ԼΣյĴأʮ߸ҲӦ˹Ȼ֪ǰϴǳ꣬ô飬ҲܹƲӦĴĵ̣Ŀⶼ¶塣ҲǵĿ⣬˵ǲ̫ࡣ鲢ĴҲʾ˭ҪľһҪǰߡǵĿĲͻ𣿡
ӥʮ߸ĬȻ˵ûЩĿûгͻǣЩ塣
ϴǲ˽ѡ񣿡ӥСʵҲҪͨƲһ£Ǹ֯оʲôĽɫ
΢΢Ѱ˼һ£ΪԼҩʵѾǰˡԼҪﵽ磬Ҫһβ̵ʱ䣬Ǹʱ򣬵Ȼܹд½ȣǺЩҲǿڵʱһʱȥȿ
ӥɫһû뵽ֱӸĴ𰸡û˵ոǵȷʵЩֶǼ䣬ҪɢᣬȴȻ⴫һ棡
ӥ˳һۣͷӥ㿪ڵ
һ˽
棬ֵ٣
ӥ˵ɫû˿仯ⲻǵһηҪ򣬷ӥȡһңɿذţΧмǸھӥǰһʽ̡ӥɿûţ˵мͳһ廭档
ĿһͬʱӥɫҲ
ǳң
廭гһӣʮҷɴӥָڴϻһҷɴڷɴؿ˳ҵı־
ҲһݣҿǴ壬ЩðźС塣ȫǰЩֵܹġǰϷӥڵʮλҲǺǼûһϵ
ǡ
Ϊ˴֮һϵߵĴڣҼһϵ˼ߣҲܹΪһ塣
ֻǲ֪ʮҷɴ֮ڵ߶ʲôʵԼҲϵڵľߡ

ĳ꾫Ѿϵڣ뿪һʱ䣬һֱֳ֮ľֱѾҺĴóľõ˽һ
ǳϵ߼أϵ˼أ
ҵ峤ǰǳҲǽһϵ˼ϵ߼껹ܹӦϵ˼ͲܹӦ˵ˡҳһϵأ
пٵ˼š
ӦǳҵİԼݻ٣ֻʣ˵ڶأٱסĵλ˳ҾͱӶµԴ
д½˲ǳҵԴͲˣܹȥ˭ԴԳֻһ·ռݵӶԴĴţߴӦû˿ϵԴһҾ;ռݵĻ
ǳҾɳǿ
Ӧòǿ
Ͼڳҵһ磬ûǿߡˣܹɳϵҲǸ߽ϵߡ
ң
λȥҪԳŪ䶯ˣóûоռݵ


868
ֻǡ
Щҵ߱նɱҪȫնɱʮѡԷܣԼȫ׷ɱӥԳҵʱûж
ˣ
һһ
ĿɨΧʮ˸ߵ̿ʮҷɴҺȻеĿս֮˼ϣҳȥ׷ɱߡ
ϴ󡭡
ӥֳǣ֮лһ˿־塣ϾԳң껹ǺǼļ弶
ִɣ
Ȼվ𣬴Żȥʮ˸˶һۣĿ¶˿ɬӥųᶨıӰкȻһġ
Ȼܹ˼ᶨӦŵưɣ
ʮҷɴҺ
ǣ
ʮ߸еһתɿس˻ҡӥ𣺡ټǼϵߣ׼ս
ѾɿɽȣſȥʱĿлʮҷɴӰӣǳ֪òʱ䣬ʮҷɴͻԼҰ֮С
һ׼þߵʵǵһЩȺսʱǾơ
β׼֮ǰĴͷֵƶɵķɽɽõıозɽ
ַɽѾƷȴ֪ҪԼԭȵķɽ֪߳ٵȼַɽɽеõһǧϵڵľҲֻܹһʹٱ
΢΢˫ۣҰгʮڵ㡣ʱӥѾԣʵӥжٿս֮ˣ
ǧǼϣ
ͷһţʮҷɴȥȻٽǺ顣֮Ƿס·ڻϡȫնɱһ
ǣ
ӥ̿ʼֻѾ½½ɽڳɽеЩʿϼǲš
ǿǳҰƾЩܹȫ
ҲͲˣ
ǣЩҲ֪һֻܹдСֲ̣Уܡ
ǡ
ǵֺ;ᣡǾǴĿֲӣǵᣬǵĺܶ˶ӵסѵҪ¼
ˡ
ʮҷɴͷϵĸ߿зɹŵķȥ
Ȼ䡣
ƺ𶯣ɽΧɽҫĿĹâͬһһػʮҷɴ֮ϡ
䡭
¡¡ıըʮĢƣʮҷɴ˲˻򣬱ϸСƬ
Щڶǳ깺ģʮЩڻܹɱ弶һµߡֻǼһֺвҲļһ߻лĿܣϾÿһھֱߡ

̲ס˴ֿڣʮҷɴܹװ˶֪ȴ˴ʱ춼ӰҪ֪ʱܹ˿ɶǺǼϵߣľһɨ֪лҷеһǧˣǼϵ߾һǧˣɴеЩǼһµûĻжˣ
Ҳˣ
ǣһڻϷɴıըýǼһµȫ
һľУʣµһǧֻϵһϵϵһµĶǺǼ
һ룬ҲǳԸһ򶼲Ҫϵ֮ɳϵΪ˶ԸߣΪ˶Ըһдǳҵд½ĸ֡
䡭
ڻڼпʼߵ屻飬Щ߶ǺļһµߡܲסڻĹ
ļһµߺˣļϵ߸ҳ壡
Ǹϵȡһ޸·ɽ帩˫ž޸ɽӿɣһԻὫ·ɽ룬ɽڵȫ
ϴ󣡡
ӥֵĻɽڰǧ߶Ŀ˳ꡣ굲סһɢǧ߾̻ΪһƬɢɳ
ϴ󣡡
һỽĿȥɽ帩ȥ弶ϵߡ
ˡ
ٱɽֳϵ߳ȥÿһһٱɽͬ
ٶȼ죬ȥڷеڼ䣬ÿһٱɽ۳һ󽣣ϵ߼̶ȥ
ϵһ٣û׼ܹҷǳҵôС


869
󵽶Էܻܿϵߣû뵽һߣһһܹͷųϵ߼ܵľߡ
һ׼Ҳ׼㡣ϵ߼ܺٶܹӦģ
顭
죬ϵ߾ͱ롣кɽе߾һ㶣˭Ҳû뵽һ
ҵû뵽ǼĴڣϵ߾Ȼһ֮ھͱնɱɽڵҲû뵽ǵϴͣǾԼ˽ķӥҲһĴͣһź꣬ϵϵôˡ
ϵߵͻȻЩǼʿξһ٣¶˿־֮ɫ
ϡ
ڿͻȻ룬ٱɽٸǼ߼ȥϵڵľʹɽٶǺǼܹӳģ
ֻһ˲䣬ֶٶǼߴӿеʮ߻æó˶ƣŽӹһ١
ӣ
֪˭һʣµĽ˰д½ķȥ
ɱ
һһسգٱɽڿдոһ
ಡ
ӥҲŰǧ߳ǧֻһ˲㱻߳˫ʵϵĲʵ̫ˡ⻹ǳս֪Щ١
ǣֻȡһ˲ʱ䣬óնɱ˽ˡ
䡭
µĽ߷ɢȥǳԸ⿴״ûа취ֻȳһ׷ȥͬʱӥҲֳĸĸ׷ȥǲ̫ɢ׷ϳߣҲǱɱķݡȥԷ
һСʱ
˶صɽȣǧȥһǧ࣬ϼһɱߵջһ̾жʮˡ
վɽѰ˼ţЩ˽Ϣس֮Գľ棬ûеɳһ֧ȥǻΪѾд½ˣǵһд½ϵĳĳ
Ҳǻɳһϵ͵͵̽һûиʵʱ򣬾ԲóóȻɳһ֧顣
ҡ
ȵԼ͵Ϯһγ֮󣬿³Ҿ͸û˼ֵˡҵĸδ½˸ˣռĵΣ
һȹżأΪǳһأҲǳһϣ
Ҫǰذ
վ˼ţΧǧһվţû˸Ūһ˿Ŀ˳ݡ
һ̣س˳ꡣ⻹Ļ𾪡
ӥǰߣҵ
Ҫң
ڵЩɽܣʲôд½Ĵ壬Ȼд½ϣֻĴһֱ˴岢Զ˼ңҲйʮΰ˴еĳΪԭһͼնΪ壬û˵Ǹˣһܹһ塣
仰ӥЩų겻һˣһ֯Ȼһųϴ󣬳ҵĻزǡ
ͷ˵һұĻҵİ˸ضһٵġҽҵҲٵǾû˼ŵˡ¾Ǹ˼ҲûǸԶ򡣡
߾ڴ͵Ŀпųʧڸ߿֮УŸ߿ֱɶȥȻŵķȥϵڵľֻʱ䣬ص˵
γڵʱ̣ܶڵųҡôżҲƴһУרĵһˡרΪͻ˴ԴرΪԼ˸ƷʵԴ
ϴλ͸˴ԴÿնҪҩԡҩ磬䷽ڡ꣬ȴѾﵽУʵ
껹װһЩҺ˻Ұ˻
ڶ졣
صıͫϵ߶뼯ãĿ˸˷֮ɫͻƱͫѾǧˣǼҲнˣϪȶʮѾﵽǾż
Щڴˣһǰ棬Ͼкܶ˲ûؼ꣬Щ˽мһҪҪд½
ǰЩҪ뵽д½ߣв̾ϢһЩؼңص򣬵Щȴ߳ǰд½
ûоܾǣǰд½ʶһûлֻмʶ˸Ŀռ䣬ܹԼһ׼ȷĶλд½ߵǿҲܵҲܹسɳǴҵģһˡͬҲһΣɳˣܹõر
Ϫ˾ѡǰд½ȥûв飬ֻǰд½ϵϸǽһߣָһԴɽеõĶȴûһһʯϪȡһָҪǰд½ߡ
һУڵ뿪˵д½ķȥһ·ϲûֵĶ飬óһֱķ£ȴɲҵʱ䣬ɻǰڶ
뵽ǣ֮Գ֮ΪǣΪǳҽɡҵؾǲһȻǳأڵľҲǳˣȴҲصŻ
סһҾƵ꣬ݴſļٵģ÷ӥŪ˼ʮżݴſڿֲ˵ѡ
ҪԸǳأСģûóóȻؾǰءؾǲһԶľȫֹܹȥ
뵽Ƶ꣬극ϴһ裬Ȼϴ˯һ·ϼϣóҲʮƣ
ڶ졣
֮󣬳ڷɳϣ˳ȥܿء
Ȼ䡣
üëһľоľ֤ڳҲоߡ
оһ˲ָֻƽΪжϳԷľֻϵһľ磬ңԶֲľڡ˳žѰıԴܿһҵǸߡ
ڸʲô𣿡
Щ棬Ǳ˳ľʼľһԷȻڲϵɨأɨȫģҲŹ
˲ˣӦǳһǰ˸Ǳڵ°װըսشݻ١һ߲ͣɨء


870
겻üͷȥը
״£ȫȫ״ʧȥЧд½ĸըб״̽Чǣ⾫ɨ費ͬþԼȫԷֲľȴܹˡܹɨ赽ڵص׵ը
Ҫݻٳңͱɱߡ
ǣֻһ
꾲ģֳ֣һּ۲ңһֹͨ磬һִ߶ʶڵǿǳתתʼڵҺ
ˣ
һǸջ˾һɨ衣
һֱ۲죬ȷֻϵߡ
ÿɨ˸Сʱϵɨ裬óЩͷۡͨҵһЩ̸˽ʲôͷ˶ǳˣֻѾڵĳϡǱ峤ڳ
ȻΪ˻Ҹ˾޴ԴÿҪһΣʲôʱòԴ˾ͻ뿪
ǳˣּСģ³һоߣϸɨҵÿһˣ˰ʱ䣬ȷҲûоߣҲӳ˵̸˽ԭ
ԭܼ򵥣ԭ٣һӵоʵĵӣ͵ڣΪд½Ƶľ
̽һ֮󣬲ûóȻжǸԼƶһƻ
ȣʱҪΪġΪѾþ͵˳ҵĻ䡣յϢЩӳߵĳѾ˼壬ԶϢ𾪣ͬʱҲޱߵĿ־塣
ǵһ뵽ľĳĳԳңһԳҵûŪʵ֮ǰҲɳκһԶҾܲһδ
ڶ׼ھƵһʱ䣬ֳ峤ϵ˼۷ߣĿǿʵҲǽɽ۳һѴ󽣣ӳϵ߼ڵʵһ˵ͻԳ峤ҪԼľͻƵϵ߼˱ܵıǮϾҪߵķϺܶࡣ
ͨʮʱѾҵ̽Ҫ֮ǰݻٳңͱȽɱ£Ҫɱʮѡ
߶ǳػҪ񿿽Ϣؿһߣǲܡܿ;УԷľͻȻɨ˹ʱ䶼ûСԣɻңڻж߷ͻȻϮ
ɻңɾǽҵĵҩóҳ׻ȻͿԳûɵߡȻѸܣ֮Ǳص£ըشݻ١
ţֻҪԼһУĽشݻ٣峤һЩ߲ûԼһѾ˳׵˵ߴ;ԲŹᣬ֮ǰûж֣Ϊһһƴʵһݻ٣˾ͻֵͬ󣬱ߴΧˣҳϷֳеĵ̡
ҽڡ
ըٳصյкܶ࣬ըٳҰ˸أĴԪռĸըըȫ⡣
˼ƻ֮󣬳˷Ȼǵķн鹫˾ڳһƧĵطһСͱȻסȥ
ס֮󣬳ͽ뵽УһЩŮ·͸СŮӣŮֻǿһЩ·Ȼûֻǽϵľһ󲨶ͻûһ·һơ
Ҳ˵飬ֻô̵ʱ䣬ȫĴⰻȻľԭҩ԰
ȻľСԭۣ̻ó޻ϲǲ֪СģֻˣȴаƽⲻóСѯʡ
СȴصһЦԭǲľ飬Щֻǻ֮䡣ˣͲùˣǴǡ
룬Բȥܴ££ɻʲôʵģ
ɢһһջǸҺγɵĺ
ϸظӦһ£ϱֳЦݡҺûлӷһȻüΪȷȷʵʵ˵ӽǸʯͷȷʵ֮侫Ч


871
罫д½һԪ˽Ȼǿʯͷ˳գȻڴʯͷҺɢ˳
·Ȼ󽫿ѵϰߵҪȥͷȻ뵽Ѿ֮ǰֻһ˵ʱ򣬻СŮӡȻֻܹŮòɣ
ǳ껹ǴſͷҺ֮УȻźˮǱȥҵǸʯͷϥǸʯͷ֮ϣȻת
ȻоԼصĴʯͷ֮ϣٶֱӷΪΧҺٶȲٷҲͬ
꽥ȴңȫ֮СͬһֻԶԲһͣŴҺ
֪һ죬ʶڴһǸʶڵǳֳһȦŴԼľѾͻƵϵ߼ڡ
Ӻˮ˳뿪磬ص˱֮С鿴һʱ䣬Ȼȥ˶ʮ졣
æӳξӵٶȸ죬ܿ˳أһųع۲ţһ߿ʼˮϴ裬ȻԷ˾Ϊֳûзʲô仯ɴڽ״̬ÿնڲϵɳ߳ȥ̽˭ڰǳҡ
ǸӾǣɳȥа˳ûз档֪忪ʼԳҶˣܻܿߴеĳһĳȫ
Ʋó
Ϣһ֮󣬳пʼһڵҺһ߹۲ųҡһ죬ȷҺֻɨڣڳⲢע
ˣ㿪ʼڱһ￪ʼڶ
ʱľѾϵ߼ڣõɽеõķɽҪٱ֮ǰʮٱɽһͷڵýһ졣ֻһʱ䣬ڵ˾ﴦͣȻ󷵻˱
ڱֵ죬Ȼ߳˱ųʳ˾ȥ֪ÿһʱ䶼չһʳ˽ء
Ǳʳ˾Ǳؼ򵥶ˣǱ뵽ʳ˾һȴš
ųұ־ķɳͣʳ˾ǰ򿪣ʻ˽ȥУֻмʳĳˣһ˾һѺߣѺϴʮԪռ䡣ΧǱڡ
Ժͣ£ǸѺߴӳŴ¥ȥµĳڣЩҲ׷һš
΢ɼΪ谵ԺĵȻȴӰһƮһɫӺɫͷףڽ˺ڰ֮СڳǣҲûжٽ䱸˲Ǳ˷ɳԱߣɵ˷ɳ֮ڣȻ뵽Уþ磬ƶ˳ĵ¡
һСʱ
ɳһˣųطȥ뵽أĸڵĳʻͣȻЩ߷׷ȥ
֮£ڳ˷ɳȫչηɿһӰзӣǸҾɨ֮ǰһªķ䡣
Ѿ̽һ԰֮һ޼ڵĲľֱӿţ룬š
Ǹ԰ûзӦһԺ㵽ĸǰĲһ󣬶߱ǲһǸ԰ԴһᡣѸٵؽǸ԰·Ȼ԰ʬս˴Ԫռ䣬꽫԰ķװϣȻ˹ñʹ֣Źߴӷ˳
ʱһɨ

³һǵûͣǰɨ˹ȥûзֳꡣ
̻˷䣬Źϡ
ˡ
ǰ˾űɽһʱըʱըıըʱ䶨һӣΪ֪Ǹٴɨᳬӵʱ䡣
ˡ
űɽγһСŵȥһСףڵص׼ٵŲԶĵҩȥͬʱþǸʱը˾űɽ֮
ӡ
ɽڵҩһյĺһ׶ǿŶʱըյϣȻžűɽѸٵطء
ɽţšκܿŷ뿪
䡭
ӵʱ䣬ڵҩкݶƷ˳ȥվһô£ըĵҩ⣬֪ԳҵҩЩҩٵըһʱ䣬ĺըزûж˺Ϊеıըһط
ǣһˡ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼۼҵĸ߲Ƿ׷Ҳߵľ񱩵ɨصܣȴû˿֡
ߵɫʮѿԼͣؾɨ£һ˱ըֱǳĴ
峤ʱѾ侲ΪֱըֻǾڵҩ⣬֮ǰİ˸رݻٲͬѵǼе˭Сڵҩըżʱң̳ȵţظλִ̿ʼ鵯ҩⱬըԭ򡣡
ΧһȺʼɢȥɫҲһʱҲӦ˹ⲻϮ򲻿ֻը˵ҩ·û֮ǰҰ˸ǰ㡣Ҳһɡ
ʱ򣬳ѾŻߵĽ£ҪͻϮ峤ѾȳȺɢȥ
ߵľо˵һɡ
ʱ̣
ˡ
ٱɽȻڿͬϵһľߡֻһʱ䣬ߵͱٲɽʳ⣬һջطɽһ߽ϵ߼ڵľȫų֮طȥȵ峤ڵĳ˷Ӧ˹Ѿʧټ
׷
峤γ˳ȥʵҲ͹ȥ˼ʱ䣬ǵٿʼ׷ʱѾʧȥ׷ķ
ಡ
峤ɲҵ׷˳ȥȴĹãȻû뵽һԼܵʱ䣬ԭΪһսȴ֪ĳ̫ͻȻó峤ûзӦ
Сʱ
ѾصԼı뵽£ʼٶų峤Ӷȥ˵صľͷٱɽؿʼھ򣬺ܿ˳֮£ȻżƻõļʮƵصȥ
ʱڳҵΧ˺ܶߣǶڸڳǵ̽ӣҵͻȻըǷǳ˷ܡǵȵǷֻǳҵĵҩⱬըرݻ٣ʧǣʹˣһϢҲֻͨ˳ȥ


872
ʱĳ峤ѾأѾѵʶĳ֯ıըҩֻһֶΣɻңûӽ߲ĿġɱߵĿʲô
峤ľһ˰˸صĻĿעŻе״ͼȴû˿ķ֡˵ǾֻҪѾס壬ĿƼ޷ǡֻоߵľɨܹ֡
߶Ѿһڼ֮°ըģըģȫ֪Ψһܹľǽ峷أȻǰһǰǸʱػûбݻٵĻͿǸɨ¡
Ҳһ֮ˣҲΪһ̷֮˿ʼ롣һĳҲһ򵥵飬ҪһԴÿҲԼԴҪߣǶʱܹģ
ҵжΧ̽ӣһϢִ˿ЩС壬ߴҲ뿪ٿ˻飬ҵĳʶѾʧȥ˸ݵأҵĻˡ
ÿĻٿĶǳݣ̱㿪ʼԱŷɴųƽ
ҲԼԳұһ·ųǳ룬ڳвгˣкܶߣҲŶֻὫҲըֻҪѳռݣҲź͸̸еĻᡣ
ĳѾΪһ壬ֻϣܹüȥ
ǵһѾ˳ǣֻǻдڳ롣ǣһ̣رըˡ
ŷɻ뿪˳ǣͨϴ̹ĳأ֪ˡ³һӿӱϣĥԼļƻ׼ʱڣȫʱ䶼ҺǸصĴʯͷӦûں̵ܶʱｫͻƵ漶ֻҪͻƵ漶㽫ĴԵʲô뷨ԼҲʵĴŹ˼ɣҲ±¶Լݡ
ǣոջصڻһСʱӵµ֪ͨǰµİ칫ҡ
ֻµİ칫ңؾصµĶ档Ŷĳ꣬˵꣬Ҳ֪д½һ˵֯ɣ
ˣȻ
صͷʹңΪʲôд½ϵƺȥ⣬ƺη塣Ҹ㣬ǶͬҲη塣
ɫҲĿ⾼¡
һҲǲɴҪȥѰǻΪ嫵УֻЩǣЩ̽յķɴûһɹء⻹η壬һһҷɴ
˵µɫóʹʱǼȽּڿԽӴһ塣ǣʵǲпġȷʵһ壬ȴһ쳣壬ǵ࣬ȴǳǿ󣬵һǳСոͻƵͫȴۿЩд½ɱ¾ͽӡһƽд½ϵĶ߼˰˳ɣĴҲղŽЩҲʹЩоУǵ֪˻о״ЩһߵʵԳ漶ľ岻ͬƲ⣬漶֮ϻһΣǸεͻƵǸı侭
˵ĿŶĳû뵽㾹ȻںǼͲ˾졣
ɸɵ˵ɺϡ
°ڰֵȲ˵ˣԴӷ֮ǾͶ˿־塣֮д½Ҳûɳɴ塣ηԭ򡣡
ĬȻд½״ӦƵд½η壬ȫܹ⡣
ǣǲȥ⣬Ҳδؾûٴɷд½֣ǳˡ˾Ĵϳһ֯д½ʵߵ˴ڸ
ʵߣǻߣ꾪ȵ
Ĵֻд½ϵʵǿߣǿ߶ˡĴһ򣬷ʵͻƵ߶뵽ˣҲ⣬гһͻƵͱ֮λ뵽ˡ
겻ʱѾƲºԼ˵Щһ˺Լʲôϵ


873
Ȼ¼˵кܶ̽ӣרĴ۲Ǳ޴ţȻˡĴÿʮʮѡĴԼѡʮѾѡ˳оһֻ꣬еˣŻõԴ÷ǳ졣һᡣ
ĬȻ쿪ʵҽ뵽֮ʲôΣ
µͷĿ¶ͣȡһֽ˳ĸǰĸΣúÿ
Ŀһɨʮҳһҳһҳۿ¾;ʱһ˿ġ֪겻д½ϵˣȷ᲻ˡΪ겻ˣǲǳʧ˵ʧ
ջǾˣ˵ЩĸֻΪ˽˳ԱŶоһͲܹ
ʵûзԪǳھҲǳظо治ȫûйϵģνԪû˿ķ
Ҳ
ⷽϡ
Σ޷ǾǱд½к̵ܶǳ֪Լд½ˣĿľΪԼմﵽĿġ
ֻҪΣ飬Ϊȥڵֿⷽ棬岻ݴǡֻҪһ룬д½ռˣǵҲᱻŹⷽû˿ų⡣
ֻҪûдﵽ漶㣬ɿ֮Լ飬ߵθְǵֻʵﵽ漶㣬űȥһְֻܹڵְ
طеĺԼ̧ͷŶµҲμӣ
ã¸˵صͷѡϵǼպҴȥһط
ǣͷ
ȥɣ
˳µİ칫ңһԼıȥһţǲܹȰѾ漶ˣһжҪ֮ȫɡ
ص˱ŮӶͷԼķ䣬ŲϣȻ뵽磬ҺУϥǿصĴʯͷϣʼת

ľһЩȻ֮ǰûҺʱٶȿ˺ܶģȴûеϵ߼۷塣
߽µİ칫ңɫһ㶣￴Т޼ɡЩȻ˵ʸ񿴵ĲµʵǸ˵ǱТ޼ɶǱ޴ˣѡ޼ɽˣ²û˽
ɨ߸ˣĸϵһϵżҪ˺ܶ࣬óĿⲻһϵ߼һϵТϵһʵ͵ġ
ʣµǼߵȫǺǾżһǺǾż۷塣۷޼ɳΪǼʵ͵ġ
ʮѾˣվ
ʮĬĬ߳˰칫ңȻһڣŵ·ȥĬĬؼţѾܹ뵽صǧ֮¡
ͣ
߳ݣһͨǰвԶһš룬Ŵ򿪣߽˽ţһɽŵİťһ£ɽĵɽյͨ
¼ǰȥʮ˸˺档ǰʮ΢΢üͷоµĴƺǰ߹ĴزͬʮֵؼӲ˿ˣûʲôӦ΢ĥһ£Ҳֻ־߲ܹĸо
˺һȻصһ̤
顭
ɽڴһ죬ľŸزĿ֪ʲôǰ¶͵꣬оˣ
ЩԾȻԼֻ˺ǼһǾһʯҲȵ÷飬ǸղһŶȥȻһӡû
ĵӲ
ǺǡЦ꣬ĴʮּӲ˵ֻ˺ǼϵҲܹƻһӡˡ
Ǹϵżԣϵżŵݺһ塣
ˡ
һ˶˶ǸϵżĽȥֻһǳǳĽӡ˲𾪣֪¾Ҫȥʲôط
ҲٴξٲǰȥʮĬĬĸ˺棬ڴ
˴Լ幫ľ룬ʪϢˮȻǰвԶǿһºӡ
Ծ𣬷ӹ˵ºӣǰȥʮҲ׷׷ɹ˵ºӣµ
ƽչǰѾһ硣ͻȻס˽ŲҲɢ΢°벽ܴ
һҩζķ֮䡣ĿĹˣΧĵ棬ͱں͵Ķ˸ֲҩǵǰȴһޱ޼ʵ
δһµ
ûڵȴ¼˵
һƬܵĲҩÿ궼Ƭ֮ڣƬ֮ŷḻҩʮһµʱܹҩոɾܷʵͿǵ컯ˡ
յҩǱϵģ֪жҩЧѾƬҲ˵ǱԽõҩЧԽǿ
ǲ⣬Ƕ߱ѭѹȴǷǳԽѹԽ󣬶ҾǱľʱû·ȥձѹѹǵһҪСģҪǿ
ҴҪʵΪ⣬Ϊ棬
𣿡
ףʮش
һºǣ˵꣬ת·ȥ
µʧĵ磬üžǸϵżڵĿɨŸˣ˵ҽһ°ɣҲﻹ˱˴˲ʶ
˵ĿɨһۺǼߣرǳꡣͨ£ϵѾΪųϣǲʶǼӺųҲܶ࣬ӲʶҲοּŵĵӣ
ҽа޳ϵż
޳Цǿסһ֮ɫ
ҽΣϵ߼
ҽбϷϵ߼
ҽӰϵ
ТɫûΪĸʵ˿ӣòعֵҽТ죬ϵһ


874
޳Т죬¶һ˿ͣʦܣ㲻Ƕעܾˡ
Т쵭һЦȴûʱֵǼҽܡһǼͬɫȻܹΪѡ˵ˣǸ־ǿ֮˵ϵվǰ漶վǰҲɫ
ҽӢǾż۷壡
ҽдƽǾż
ҽҦԶǾż
ҽг꣬ǰ˼۷壡йоص˵
ǣТ޼֮⣬ЩȴĿһӢƽҦԶȻ֪꣬ǻȥ̨֮ս޳ϵҲע꣬ûа취겻ҲͰˣֻҪһžŪעС
ôעҲû뵽ȻѾǺǰ˼۷ʵ
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ļٵģ
ģǱǰ޹ˣ߰
ˣ
˵Ļǳ˵ȻֻǺǰ˼۷壬սϵһܹսʤ֮
ҽ޼ɣ۷壡޼ɻ첻ߵ˵
޼ɴҶʶϾĶӣ޳ҶˣֵҽĻҪǿԼʵҪҪӦҲһбµģԽǰԽǻǴʵ͵޼ɿʼɣ
ã
޼˲ʧ֮ڡıܿͻָƽ·ûһȥһ㡣
ȥȻҦԶƽӢ
˫䵽ԼӲĵ棬˵ǼӲֻǱʵһЩÿǰһʮַǺǼʵ߶ǧѡ
걬ǰ˼۷ʵչһһᶨȥ
ѹѹȫλģճһصѹͬ˿ڲҲܹоһ˿˿ҩ뵽ڣǳȻоһȻڸоǳ֮
ͣͷ˳ȥظڵǳ֮أ
д½ԭһȻӵǳ֮ƽʱɢоҲΪʲôԭؿ͸˳
һվ˳ȥľ翴ǰڷǰе޼ɣ޼ƽʱһֵģʱȴǼᶨһһǰȥû˿ֹͣ
ҦԶԳԽ˹ȥƽԽ˹ȥӢԽ˹ȥ
һ˶ӳԳԽǿ꣬ǳȴǿ
糱ˮ˻˾ʱѾȷԽǰԽ룬ǳ֮ԽŨתǳȥ
һף
ף

޼ɣسҦԶʹƽʱҦԶʹƽѾͬٶҲоɽѹʱ֪սǾżҦԶʹƽǱΪܵĴҲȺǾżǿࡣ
ӢǰȥѹԽԽ󣬵ǳ֮ȴԽԽŨͷųоһ£Ѿ밶һǧңǾѾﵽļޣ廹űơ
ȡһƿһǳҩþƿһռ䣬Ȼҩ£ջ˾ѹлصϡתǳǳҩڻת̸оһᣬǳҩγɵһѹ
̧żǰȥϵӰǰ˰ңһͣоּ޵ѹ֮£ؿ֮ڵǳ֮ڷӵ롣
ĬĬתǳشﵽľ硭
Ȼ䡣
һоһ
ǡ
ǡص

ǳ
ˡ
ڲ
ۡ
ĿһѪڵǳģȻ˳ͻԳڵǳĶ֣
һһƬ֮Ļֱ͵˳ĿУҺ˳£ųˡ
꽫չԼڵһȥǳ
ڼ겻֪ܹٴˣʳ²֪ٲ֮
һȥȥ
˵졣ڵؿʼǳ
ʱڰߣŸ߶Ѿ̱ڰϣֻǵĿⶼʮֵǣǵ


875
ˣ
껹ûгȳ޼ɣ뵽밶߰סƽҦԶ뵽һǧһסӢ뵽ǰסТ뵽һǧİסӰ뵽һǧ˰ףϷ뵽ǧ߰ף޳뵽ǧס
ǳ˰ɣεĵ˵޳Ҳüͷ֮лߣ߳겻
µģТ쵭˵˲֪֪һϵ۷徫ߣ˭ܳ£Ψг겻¡
ģ޳ʱҲ̲סʵ
ģ޼ɵͷĵϸĸ¿ǶԼĶ˵
ˡ
ںд½ǳȫϣոһϣ͸оŨǳ֮ӿͬʱΧڵҩЧҲӿ껺ش̫ȭȻжǳɬڵǳ֮ȴӺأźǾżıϳȥǳо޴ĳǾżıɶ
Сʱ󣬳ڿסѹȴϲޣһָоֻҪǳò˼ͻͻƵǾż
˫һţչųϷֱȥ
䡭
ڰ޳Ÿ˵ҰУͿ밶ߴԼǧ׵λãȻըһӰ˳ȻŰ߷Ӷ
е˶͵ų꣬Т޼Ҳ⣬ȫû뵽꾹Ȼ뵽ǧ׵λá
ȻТ޼֪ӵϵľǾֻܹ֤ʱӳʱ򣬲ܹþþԼȻҲ͸ҩǻʲô
˵ڿǧ״ѹ
ı徹Ȼǿ˵ǳʵǿ
Ÿ˶۰Ͱ͵ſзӶĳꡣ
ಡ
֮ǰɢȥ˾֮󣬳Ѿƣ͵˼㣬һƨ˵ϣȡһƿҩ£ֱӷʳһƬ֮㿪ʼ˹Ϣ
Ų֮ҩİֻһСʱʱͻָ۷״̬۾ʱİϾֻʣԼЩ˶ֽ뵽ȥˡ

޳˼ûµشڳһͬʱҲ꼤ˡʵڵڶ˾ȻôԶһڴʱãŸĸ֮ӣеİܹóǵǰ档ԣһ뵽Ϣʱһ߽֮ڡ

곤³һ΢΢۾ڻ֮ǰ֮ڵĸ֪оǳһ˵ãʲôҲ˵֪ΪոǳûдǳеõʵʵЧ
֪ȥʲôЧطˣд½ŹȻ̷ǷˣӦиĶɣ
һ̳ڶ˸ڴһ˫ս⣬
Ҫ֪Իܵºܾˣõڶ֪жãǴǰﵱҩЧڼѹܵأû֪ǳ
ܿ죬ǧҵĵطվһ˸ոǳֻǸոǳ˲䣬Դǳͺͳڵǳ
ˡ
꽥ظоӵһضƵڵӦоԼÿһϸһƤϻּۣʵĸоӿͷó˳ͻȻһһϤĸоָоͬڵոսƤʱĸоָֻ࣬оǸʱǿ򱶡
ѵҵƤû£ֻǴһƤ
ǳƤϲϵߣͬһſ΢ЦǳԴ͹תܹظоԼƤ֯ڱ仯һı仯ȻûиõĴʻ˳


ǽ
оԼƤȻı󣬵ڵ֯Ѿʼ˱仯øǿ͡

ˣ
ˣҲǽƤоԼƺӵȻˣ˶ĸ֪ӵˣǳҲ̡
ضһȭһȭ״ȭϰκȭֱֱȥһȭ˫ֲͣǰȥ
ǡ
ϸȥÿһȭƺͬ˵ͬȴƫƫͬ·ÿһȭӵһǳĹ켣
ˡ
ڷ𶯣ǳʼ뵽⣬һ̣оԼȻӵˣѹ˼֡
ĽŲˣÿһȭĺһһǰȥߵԼǧһңٴθо˼޵ѹͣԭؼһȭһȭغţڵǳͣشܶ
ˡ
üëһȻˣǳƤͽдܶٴǰ˴Լһף밶Ѿﵽǧҡ
겻֪ʲôԭоԼĽܿ죬һСʱʱ䣬ڵĹҲʼǳֿʼǰﵽǧң֮ǳﵽ裬̶࣬ȻȴǳеѪ
ѪҺÿһѪϸʱоˬ˼㡣֮ǳ͸꾪ǣ·ʹﵽҪֻ˲Ͳ˹
Ȼ󡭡
𾪵鷢ˡ
ǳȻʼʶʶǿǳҲ֮˹ֻǷ·ʶҲʹﵽҪֻ˲ȫʶѪ࣬裬ǣƤһȻеƤӿȥ
ˡ
ϵƤ¾ڲܹһ⻪Ƥе֯˳ӿƤһ̣оԼƤʱ䣬ֱӵĸооԼȻﵽһʵΧԭеѹƺˣǳ֮ӿڡ
һ̣ʵ뵽˺ǾżڵѨϾȻԶͨһͨѨϣڴͨѨﵽһʮﵽ˺Ǿż۷塣
ʱѾ뵽ǧ߰ףǰֱ˾밶ǧҵĵطһθо˼޵ѹ
ǳøӵǿңиоʼƤϴܶȻʼż͸ȴ˼ƺżĿǳ͸ȥȥһСʱڿסѹϷٶȥ


876
ಡ
˰ϣ޼ɴؿų꣬ʱͬһˣֻǴܹϳǳ꣬⻹Ϥ˲ܹϳ
㡭ǳꡭ޼ɽͰ͵ʵ
ǰôˣ겻ʵ
㡭ôôԶĵطܳ޼һӴӵ𾪵صųꡣ
һְֻˣأ
ȥˣ޼ɴ˵
ľһɨ޼ɣ޼ɵûʲô仯ֻϢǿһЩͻƵ߼ҲԶӦһܹͻơ
ԣ
ͻȻһѵûиоǳܹоǳӦ󣬶˵ҲһЩͻơû˿󡣳þϸع۲µƤȷʵûʲôʵı仯΢΢üͷ޼ɣﶼʲô
ʲô޼ɴӴ˹Źֵų˵
顭ԶһӰг˳δӿл˳޼ɵߣȴǺǾżҦԶ
飡
һ죬ǾżĴƽҲλУ˵ǰľɨҦԶʹƽƤҲûʲô仯޼ɼʵģ
ڼѹתڵҩ˵޼ɿĵЦˡ
ּ꣬޵ѹתĻԪڸӵڵҩĶǺкôҸо뿪ʱһܹͻƵ߼
Щֵʵ
ǡʲô޼ɵıȳӵ֡
顭
Զһ죬Ǿż۷Ӣ˳˲˵ǰЦʵô
治ӢЦҸоһһܹﵽǾż۷塣˵һ»ﵽϵһ
ҲǣƽҲĵ˵
޼ɣôӢ޼ʵ
Ӧ뿪ʱܹͻƵ߼ɣ
꣬ô⼸ùã
ѾͻƺǾżˣ
ãǶнʲôͻˣӢ۾ųꡣ
ţͷȻӢƽҦԶǲҲ޼һֻüѹҩ
ǰ
ʱ޼ڵĸɫڸղųû˵ͻ֮ǰʳ仰ǻࡣ֪ͻˣҳ껹ҪʣǾǳһʲôֶַ֣ǵž޴áûмżĹ򣬳ͻ
΢΢üͷ΢Ѱ˼һ£ǾЩԼֵܣˣͳ¡
֪Լܸǣؽһд½˳ͻӦûԼ
ûа취ʵ̫ˣҳԼҲǿԮһʵԮֻ¾֪֪ܣӦò֪֪ܲЩŵӡ֤һºá
޼ɣѵûк㵥˵Щʲô
޼ץץԴҲûʲôرģǸΪԵʣ뵽ѹǳȣأּȫλѹڵԪƿŷǳõЧرﻹеҩЧһʵĵط
顭
Զַһ죬Тη˹ڴҵǰ鲻Ц̸ʲô
곯ТͷȻ޼˵޼ɣóĽ
޼̴ӴԪռȡ˳ȻųꡣڵϣһȵĽϵƤϣȻó۷ʵݺݵػһ¡
޼ɿĴȣֿеĳҪʵǺǾżҲƤơ
ԣƶ˵ԴڷƤ˽֮͸оԼƤӦñʮǿ͡ʱ޼һԣ˵˵һƤҲʲô
ã
޼Ҳһ첻ߵӣ˫ų˳СϣΧТҲΧعעš
׼ˣ޼ʵ
ɣͷ
޼ɵͷһڵԪȻ볤֮УȻ󽫳һڳСϻСϵཬ¶һ߰ļ
⡭Ȼû£
޼ɴؿųСȣТҲڷ¶һȻ˵Ŀ⣬Ȼ޼˵޼ɣѽƽôƽԡ
ãԣ


877
ƽϱأ֪һڷʲô֤ʵʲôҲϻӹ޼ɵݹĳڳСһȻɫһ䣬СϵƤȻûơ
ƽѽӢ˵
ӢҲӹ˺Ǿż۷ڳСһСֳһ˿ϸϸѪۡ
ͷֵֻܹǾżҲպʵƤĵֿ
꣬⻹ҪΣƤϵװ׳ˣ㾿ôģǲڷʲôܣ޼Ŀȵų꣬Т켸ҲһͬǼһ㡣
ڸоһ

Ӧд½ƬصΪд½ǳҸһ֣ǳǳ֮һǸղżǿķһźܴãҸоٶ˲ֹһ⻹ҪģҪӵȻ˶ڹ似ﵽһµĸ߶ȡ

㿴ңҿ㣬һãӣТ쿪ʵ꣬ôǴ˹
˵۾һĿ⾼˳ꡣҡͷֹѽһݾǡ
ʲôݾͬʵ
ҿ԰ǵڣǸоһ£ҲǾܹ֪ص
ǻʲô
޼˳ĸ첲ȥˡ顱һ֮ڡ
ڣס޼ɵ֣ص꽫ͽ޼ɵڡ
Եظо޼ɵȻ޼ɱһһСʱ󣬳ɿ޼ɵ֣͸޼ɵ壬̸о޼ɴʱڵвһɣȻ취С
źгʮףȻϷ𣬳ŰȥʱڰֶһˣϵӰ˼ֻгһ˳۾һ˵޼Ĵ
ҦԶ꺰һ
ҦԶΡಡһɵ˳ߣǰȥһֱɵҦԶӦľ룬ȻץסҦԶֳ
һСʱ
ڷɳʱ򣬼ƽӢТ죬ӰͱϷҦԶղϿգȴųꡣТѾӰͱϷһ۾ͷ⡣ЦųͷȻԴƽߣ
֣
ƽ˵һ죬ͳ·ȥһСʱ󣬳ʱҲڿУ˷˵꣬ķܣ
ţͷӢߣ
֣
Ӣͳǰȥ˸ȻӢǱȥһСʱ󣬳гʱ򣬰޳ҲֻĿһ˿ɣҲͣТǰȥȻӰϷκͰ޳Ȼ޳ŻɣǺɵθųǱ
о޳ǳ֮Уǰȥʱĳͬһߣμǰȥ
ǧ׵ľ룬ͣʼ֪ʹںϹ
оһϲû뵽Ȼһ㣬ǴͬݿһؽĽ⣬ʼƤͼʱһָод½Ϊһ壬ָֻоʱֻ̫̣вСʱʱ䣬͸оŽ͸ʱǿ͸ȥҲʹֺд½Ϊһĸо˳
̾Ϣһг˳Ű߷ȥ䵽˰ߣŸ˴ӵϱһ°ɳΧм䣬˵ִ꣬
ֹʵ̫ˣ
ǰҸоǵı϶ʼɶˣ
ҲǣҸоһµʱҾܹͻˡ
꣬ôоģ
УΪʲôǴʱܵ˼Ŀ͸ȥ
΢˼һ£оԼܹ֮оصһΪƵԭһӦԼǾߵԭ򡣶ֻܹ͸Լܹɹһ֣ڵڶֲſʼһԼľݺ;йء
ЩȻܹ˵Ц˵Ҳ֪ô͸֪˴˵ģֻҪͣͻ
ãǰ޳ĿҲΣһӴֵȥߵĵºϴ裬Ȼһ٣ټ
ʮ˺ȻкãҶеģҲûʲô˼ɣ˵ºӱߣѵؽϰǹ⣬Ȼ˺ʹһ֮󣬳Ҳɵȡ˴ףЩ˿ĵһȺӣҲʳŪĴףֵظԴӴԪռȡԴʳ߲ˣȻһ
ÿÿ˶ƴʮ˶ûٿԵĹǶרĲͣŴ𾪵ǣǸԵĹȻŴԶת
һ¡
Ѿǳ֡ڶֽʱʶѪ࣬裬ǣƤһżӿ˹ȥоⷢʱ䣬ͬʱڵѨԶͨȫѨϴͨһʮŸʵ˺Ǿż۷塣
ǳֽʱʶѪ࣬裬ǣƤһŽӿ˹ȥоʱ䣬ͬʱڵѨԶͨȫѨϴͨһʮʵ˺Ǿż۷塣
ǵʼǳʱȴƤڶѲʮÿɹһǳ֮е֯Ųͬȵ˵Ƥʱ֮󣬾Ͳ
ȷ˵ǳĵڶɹ֮ڸ֯ٵżۣüʱ䣬ѾʱƤȴҲֻûвڶʱ䣬ֻڵһʱĻǳɹʱڸ֯ٶŽۣʱ䣬ͬʱѾʱļƤҲʱĻһεõ
֮£Ʊǳһֱһּѣͺѽǳ͸Ƥڣ͸˵⣬ˡ
ڸոշʱ򣬳껹ΪֻҪԼ໨ʱܹٴνǳ뵽Ƥ֮ڣ֮ǰһǣͷ˲ԣһʱ䣬ָʱܹ⣬ǳǿȲҲ˵д½ǿȲҪȡͻƣͱĸһЩ


878
ǡ
ʱѾﵽ֮ڳѹļޣͲܹټǰСԳ˳֪ҪͻƣͱŵĻԵ
ǻԵҪͻе
ͨһУҲپᣬǿ飬ֻܹԵ
ȥºӸɸɾϴһ裬ȻԼһٷôڰϣһԼľһߵȴĽ
ܿ죬ʱ͹ȥʱ仹Сʱһ˶ڻص˰ϣȥºϴһ裬ʱѾãҾһ໥ѯŸԵʵ
ЩʵΪЩֻɹһ֣ڵڶ־ͿסˡʮԭΪǵľûԼ죬ҲǾߡܹɹһѾ֤Щ˵ȷʵһࡣ
޳ڴﵽϵż۷壬ֻһ漶±ȼ硣ֻǰ޳ѾСˣǺͬһʱˡʱǲͻڴɡ
κͱϷҲǸԴﵽϵ߼۷壬ֻһͻƵϵ˼Ͱ޳ͬ꿡ܡȻȳ꣬ТǴ˺ܶ࣬Т˲ʮңκͱϷȴѾʮ꣬Ƕд½ЩӵƳ˵ʮ꣬һǺꡣǱȫԱꡣ
ӰʵҲﵽϵ۷塣ТΪոͻϵһʵҲߣﵽϵһ۷塣ǼʹҲТֵúϲ£졣
Ӣȴǿ˴أӺǾż۷ͻƵϵһ۷塣ǺǾżĴƽҦԶ󣬴ӺǾżֱͻƵϵһڡۿž׷ӢӢϲ֮࣬Щơ
ľʵ͵޼ɣҲǳΪԽ͵ӰԽ޼ֱӴӺͻƵ˺ǰ˼۷壬ֻһͳΪǾżߡ
ȻǵʵǸˣǰ޳˵ȴЩǾȻΪǳʶӵ˾ȻֻƷ۷ľ˿ʼϣ
˵ĽбЩƣֻһǳķȾͺԼ࣬⾿Ϊʲô
ڤ˼һƲһԭǾԼǳԭ򡣼Ȼǳ޴ҲӦøΪѡ
Զ˽Ųµγ˵ǰ˵ɫб΢ЦǶнʵʲô̶ȣ˵
˵Ľ֮վ޼ɼóȥһֻµǰһػţлͣشְ֣֣֡

³³һӴ˹һ˫ͬ̽յһų꣬˵Ŀģ
ţͷΪʲôô
Ǹо˴Ŷ˵ǳ
ţֻٴεͷ
ͻȻشЦһֱЦ޼ɶѿԼĸôˣ
ʱ²ֹסЦˮĨȻȵкҵ£
˶֮²ָƽԭЩ鲻Ҫ˵ֻǼȻǶ˴ҾҪ˵˵ˡ
µֳ˻䣬Ű޳޳Ӧ֪˰ɣ
ǣ
޳Ȼǵã緢ؽˣǸʱֻܹȻҲľ˺ܶ಻ǣ
ڣҪ
˶۰Ͱ͵ض£ȴ˵ˡϾ޳»ϤһЩ̲סʵȻأ
ҡҡͷйأܹڵ˵˵֪ѾǶˡ
ǡ޳Щ˵ǲѾѡ𣿡
ҡҡͷֻǱѡУȴδؾܹΪ֮ˣҪ˻Ҫˡ
ʮһԭ񻹲ˡ
֪ʲôˣ޼Ҳ̲סˡ
˵ҡҡͷ
˲һ٣֮ҲȻ˾ҪԼһ
ϰ֣ѵѾ˴ôһֱ֪
µһ죬ݺݵصһ۵ôףҲὫֹܣд½ˣҲĴŵ֮ûйΪʮѣϼѵĵӶδܹ򡣡


879
˵ߺֹǧ򣬵мˣʮжһʮ˿ţܹѡеţʮҲᱻˢŸҵΪû˳ˡ
ȥεɫ˵Ҫסλᣬֻ˲ܹߵøԶ
ǣ
ʮ˵о㶼һݣû뵽֮ͨ󣬻ܹ˻
ˣ½Ŀ˳ܹ꣬Ҳо𣿡
ղſͬ̽յƵĿѾ׼Եͷԣ
±㼤ǾŸ˵ң꣬ߣ
ڷȥԶ˰֮²ѹ˵꣬ӦΪӵоŸоܹ֪ɣ
ǣͷ
̾ϢһƬʹȴΪûһľߣһֱûзܹ֪
ͻȻһ˵Щ߸׸֪
ЩĽصͷڵ࣬Ϊ׸֪Ҳû㣬ǾΪǼϣǵ֮ʱܷ˵ʹ࣬Ҿ˴ҲΪĻսЩ˴֮Զ
ǿǵľ
ҡҡͷⲻܣ
ܣ
㲻ܣų꣬ҶܸߣԽԽܹ׷磬֮ٴӭӹĵߵ۷塣ЩҿԶ˵ȴܹȥ
ǣ
м˵ȷʵǳм¡²ǲݣǻܹ԰⿴һֶģҲ֤ء
һ㣡ѹ˵Ϊ˴֮ΪԭʵͬԶǲȥߡȻ󳬹ߣǼʹҲֻ΢ռƣǡҪǣֻ΢һЩǾͻȫơȻߡڶ㣬ڶҪġ꣬ú룬ƾľܹ𣿰˵ģһ˴Ҳӵ˾Ҳܹˣ
Ȼ˵ҪͱǾԪ࣬ľﵽϵ㣬Ԫﵽ˺Ǿż۷塣ΪǳԪʵʵҲﵽϵҵľ磬ܹ
Ϊʱ򣬾ǽľںϽԪɾԪʹγͬһƵʣȻ˵ڣĹ˲ܹ˸о
߾ǿԪԪﲻǿȡ˴֮Ԫǿ˽뵽ڵԪγԣֻоԪµ˲ܹһ㡣
ԣ˾߶ʼעԪԪϵĲǧѡߡ˴֮Ҳעȴ;෴츳ĺⲻ֪ô͵ôһ̥
пЦԼ츳ѣֻǱ֮죬ʱ˾ѣΪڴľԼľһֱͻͽԪʵ
ûв֮û磬ƾԼԭʣǲ
߰ɣϷܲ¸֪
µЩһס֣ǱȥԼСʱ󣬳δд˳Ű߷ȥ޼ɫڴųʵ꣬Ұ֡
ͷ޼ɱֵñŵºӷȥϴ衣һ֮ԶԶȻһ죬µη˳Ű߼ӶųĴЦ

ֱԹ˵ͷŵºӷȥϵʮ϶¶Цݣµܹ⣬ļҪࡣϾֻǸոսӴ֪ҵ˻û˻ͻȻһ֪
Сʱң˳ǰĳļû˵ʲôȴܹо˴˵Ĺϵֽһ㡣
ʮǰ˵˾һµദ˴˵ľǾ͸ˡһһһ£һƨϴ裬ǳ꽫ǽǵĹϵǱֵܻҪס
߰ɣǰˡ
һҷɴд½ıȥһ޴ķֽ½֮һ½棬ַ𾪣ûмַַ֣־Ȼͬɫһ㣬ڿָ㣬Ǹûע⵽ͨµĽǲ֪д½ĸ߿ƼǷˣд½ϹǸΪǿķֱֺһֻӵžƼαװúΧĻһģһ
ɴ˷֮ǰһһ׸ߵĺϽһȭͷСİťָҪϵİťд˷ɴ̧ͷµɫһ̶ָƽ
һڵķɴ޳˵
Ŀ˳꣬꣬νһҴڵķ緶Ҫڱ˿ˡ
꿴һ£۵һ˿ŭˣڲд½λĩ֮ڣڵ˾Ҳáص˵ͷû΢΢۾˿еҷɴ
ûеҷɴ䵽棬ɴĲžʹ򿪣ʮһӰʹӷɴڷ˳
ʮһ˳ʶһˣһûп裬ϸһ룬»ûͻƵǼɣҲ´һھͻͽˡ
ЦµǰĿɨˣ˰޳ϣֹЦⲻǰôûˣôϵ˶͵ˣ
޳ɫһ䣬ֳһ˿ŭµɫҲʮֲÿһ뵽꣬о˵˵ǲţܹģ


880
Ǻǡ
ǺЦţеļȷʵǸ˶ܹվʮˣʱĿ⼥ųʮˡ꾫һɨҲһǰʮͬϵǼϵȴϵż۷壬ǼҲǺǾż۷塣
ʵ֪ڵʮŶʲôʵһʮ˿ɶǸԾĺ۷壬ϵͺǼĺ۷壬ôܹš˵ǲǰǺǡ
µɫ࣬Ҳȥڴǣһư˰ťϡ
ǰķִһŻɫص˵ǽȥɣԺͿԼˣҪڶ
ǣ
ʱҲһԶʮѵǸҼס֮Ҫľһֻǲһڵݡ
ڵ߶ȭͷǿԼȥҲȭͷ
İɣͿһڵţҪ˵ŶҵĽ¡
ãããЦ
ߣ
޳ͺһȥ˽ʮʧıӰгڴ
뵽֮󣬳Եظоһ޴ѹϡ
ܽûͷųֻĿȥаԲȻӦ˵ĸ߿ƼγɵԭӦúһֻҲء
ԳǾż۷ʵﶼоޱȣĺǾż۷ﶼܹУǳҲãͻ
ֻϵ߲ܹһв˶ãҲֻ漶߲ܹķС
꽫Ŀ˰޳޳ҡҡͷ˵ܹ·аСʱ
˻
굹һû뵽԰޳ϵż۷ʵȻܹаСʱǲһ㡣ǣҲʮƽʱ֮£쳣ĺô
ֲü˵ҪҲҪǺǼ£ںǼ˴»ᱻѹ
ʱһڵҲ˽ܵӰ죬ʮ˵ɫҲһ˿أɫǴһ˿˿ưʮ˵۾ͬϣͲȥʮˣţƺشӳ˵߹ֱŶһȥ
ǰǸһݵĸоݵĴǰûˣŶ㿴һ޴磬Ŀ֮˹ȥ忴һ֮󣬳ˡ
ﲻʲôݣһǶҲһ˳
ת֮һȴţžǽǶǿ˵ĳҪɱÿҪͬʱɱֻͬ壬һܹͬʱɱԼͬĶ֣ǻ
ɱֻޣǾͨ˵һؿˡɱֻޣǾֻñ޳ˡ

ֻǵһأڶʲôûд
ͽƲƲֻߣǹȥ
ȥ
һڵߺХת磬źȥҲ߳˴ţһͨߵͨͷƿţ߿һԲεĽǶǶߴĺϽ֣һţʱǰˣߵ˿˳ǽ˵˭
һ۰޳޳˫ȱΣ˫˭ûйأ
޳һŭȴǱʶؿһ۳ꡣԴ֮ǱʶоͲ֪ضԳȻͷѾˣҪ͵
ãͷ޳̵ͷ
Ͳؿһ۳꣬ʵǸ㲻޳ڴӦ֮ǰΪʲôҪһۣʵܸ
ã
ͽĿӳ˻ߵ˴֮ǰߵǸ߰һ°ťһ־Ͱһ˲Ȼɢȥߵ߿һǰұߵ˵ϵż۷壡
ұߵҲһť͵ǰ򿪣ʹ߽ڣĽźȻպϡȻͼǸְһťڶһŴ򿪣ͷϵż۷İһͣŭͳ˹


881
ȡһѴ󽣣αģȫչ˲ֻĳֻͷݺݵײ֮ϣȻתͷͳ˹ȥ
ಡ
һλض˹ȥͬʱеĴһֻʺһĨαѾ˳ȥͷǰȥʮȻء;ֻ˲ӾͽֻɱȻƵؿһ۰޳ŶȥڶţһǷ޵ģһǴ߳ȥġ
ߵǰʱߵ߰һ°ťǱߵĺϽդžʹ򿪣˳ȥȻվڹرյդ⣬žȥ
޳˼߽֮˽ǶȻӶַųֻϵż۷İ޳ӴԪռȡһ󴸣˫С
꿴þһ㶣޳ýôȡһֻ󴸣ɽʵĿԱߵΡε¶һ˿Цݵ޳׼Ӳˣ
Ŷ
귴Ӧ˹ԼЩ˶˴ǿȿνһԲûܹȵġͰѰ޳ˣñҵķʽйԼеľ޴ûʲô⣬ĴԪռҲŸָı׼ͬ״õġ
˹ٿ޳ȡһ޴εĻж˲маΪƾܹɵֻͬİ
Ʋ޳Ҳûɹճɹȴֻаٷ֮һ߾šûҪɱͬİϾڲˡ
顭
ֻһһҵŰ޳ɱ
顭
޳˫ŴŶİɱȥ
顭
޳Ĵźݺڵһ壬α˫˾޴ұߵֻԴݺݵشȥ
顭
˶ԴȻѣѪԽ˳޳Űײź󷽷䡣
𡭡
ʣµֻŭһŰ޳ɱ˹ȥ
顭
䵽ϵİ޳ڵٶ壬ڿл޴Ĵ򱬿ĺŰԴݺݵ˹ȥ
顭
һֻʱصˤڵϡ޳ź󷽷ˣڿзһͷȻ˵ϡĶ棬ڶֻԴѣȻء
޳޴ŶȥȻŰ޳˹ҲȻŰ޳ıӰ˹ٶһۣ𾪵˫ף޳ƺ˴
ڶһڵ߽˽Ƕͬһϵż۷壬Ķֻͬż۷İĿ⴩˽Ƕİ޳Ǹֳһ˿ЦһӴԪռȡһ޴Ҫͬķʽɵֻð޳޳ܹģɡ
𡭡
Ŵ򿪣ֻ
顭
Ǹһ˫ŴŶֻɱȥ
顭
һߴߵأγұߵİ˹ȥڿ˲Ӱеľ޴˿Уݺݵֻͷȥ
顭
󴸺ڰϣȻ졣
ǡ
ֻԴȴû飬ֻһ٣̶ſ˴ھҧ˹ȥȫûⷽ׼
Ҷϵż۷壬ƾʲô޳ܹһԴͲУûòԴ׼û׼ⷴӦȻˡ
ǲ
һھͽұ۸ҧסˡͬʱͷһ˦ͽĸ첲ҧϣͬʱ˦˳ȥͬһһر˦һֻ
ǲ
ֱһڰϰҧˣһϵż۷ʿôˡ
ڳ˳˹֮⣬е˶סˡһڵû뵽ǵͬžȻˡڵߴʱȴǶ㶵תͷ˳ꡣ
ʱɵҲˣΪʲô޳ܹͬװԴһڵȴСǾΪǶ˴Ȼֻһ֣ҲǱǿȺһ
ʱǶ˴֮Чһֱ۵ĸܣһĿ˸м̧εֵˣ
û⣡
ͦͦŽǶȥΪڽǶھͷųֻϵ߼۷İ˹ٺһ߳ԾͬȡһѾ޴Ȼس˶İ
˹ٵӣаǲ֪
Ȼ󡭡
αشسɹ
⡭ģ
˹ٶһۣȻ˴ߣ֮ǰҲûй־ţдԵߣܹߵ˵ǰ档
ǡ
־ʺʹԵų
˵ϴˣƺҲͳˣһǵ˵ʱ򣬾ͰѴɹһְ룬ڶ˵ʮ֮һ̰֮ǰѾһ֣ĵӣڵ־Զȥ뵽֮ʱѾĵһһ롣
ȴһӳɹˣôܹ˹𾪣ҴӰ޳˵ϿҲĵһɹһ룬ʵ̫ˡ
ǡ
𾪵ĻںͷһڵΪһˣ֮ǶʵʵֻԼͬޣ˳ءǵɫȴÿʮѿ
Ϊµ߸ֳִ󴸣ֱӲؽɾعء
˹Ѿ𾪵ľˣʵ벻ͨôܻʮ˶˴
Ҳһֱǿ
ѵڷ̩һӾͱˣ
ʹʱʵ˺ܶ࣬ϵɫҲûţĿл͸¶ŨصĲߺߵ뿪դ˳ͨȥͨǰһţұߵǽдһ򵥵֪
ｫǵڶؿˡܹСأÿһСһʽȭֻҪһʽȭͿԴǰųȥΪء
Сظʱǲ̡
һ꣡
ҲֻҪһʽȭأһ֮û򣬾ͽ˳ˡ
ʱ˵ڵ߽ˣһڵҲɲǱʵǱԡ˭ָұ֤Լһߣ
ʱɣ
һ꣡
ʽȭжǰĴţ˶˫ʮֵسأҡҡͷаʱη壬Ѿ³ˣӰ򣬲ܹð޳ȥˣ
̤̤̤


882
̧˳ȥӰ޳͵м˹ȥƿţһ˽ȥ󣬰޳ɫһݣȻ˹ϵսⰻȻٲ˴šͬʱںһڵҲʶ⣬ųıӰһ˿˿սⰺȻ
߽˴ţ㿴һ޴Ĵ֮ѾʮϥĿһɨͨϵķװ֪ЩеڵӣеڵӣԲͬطߣڴǰһʯھʯ֮Ͽĸ֣ضɽҡ
ĸȫǵϵģǱһ˻еһֻͣǸոտĸ֣һִصܾ
оһѵڿûʣһжüˣҪ֪˵֣޳Ҳ˵һ֣ĸǿǷ߱ԣ˶ѾȻͻĸֲӦ
ϥ£Ŀĸ֣ȻƵʺǿûгǶĸͨ͸
оĸʱ˴غɽһĴǵضɽҡ
һĻڳʶвϵ֣Ȼʼһȭһȭ˵ضɽҡơ
һҲߣǵǰһĻĻʾųڴڵһ״

һڲ裬ؿһĻȻ޾ɵضǸ۾˵֣˯ˣˡ
£֣ѩɱ۾һʱ䣬ʲô
˵ĻǶʱ䣿һûһʵ
֣ѩ۾ôҲһ°ɣһܹʽȭȥľ˵š
ô˵ɣЦ˵ްԵֻСʱͳȥˣ
У֣ѩм˵мްԵһֻһڽ֮ǰ˴ĵһеĴ룬Ȼʽȭļ졣ʽȭԭǲЩǷĿˣôѵסްԵԴһֻܹڽ֮ǰˡһ˼ңһ̰ްԵܹôˣƾЩˣ
ǺǡҲ˵˵Цǲ²λж˱̭
֣ѩҡͷ˵Ҳ֮һɣٶ֮һ򲻳ҲӦò⡣
ţСڸʲôسһĻȻȻͽǰĻ
ʱһ߱۾ƺ˯һרĵȲ裬ûпһۡ
۾һֱʱֻȥ˲ӡĿŰ޳ŸڵȥʱǶһģб֪ǶѾҲӦò˶þܹضɽҡһʽȭ
˾ûʲôõĵˣĿһɨر͵һڵ϶͸¶ãȻǻû˿
ǣĿЩڵĵϵʱȴǵɫأƺвȻǾߣֻǲ֪Ҫòܹ
һڡ
֣ѩָĻϵĳûУСӣڻһǱ̭ˡҪʲô
ĻϣӵվĴȥһصĽţ溬лأõضɽҡһʽȭǵϣǵŲŻ򿪣жҲǵš
ߵȽǰ˼ƣȻһȭϡһűǰ򿪣߽˴ţĽ¡¡ϡ
顭
֣ѩͼ˵۾ضŴʱѾ˵ڶڵĳ֣꣬ѩĿлôܣôܣ
쿴һʱ䣬૵˵ֻвӰ˼ҵļ¼ٰ
СӲѾһ˰ɣʱ֣ѩ֡
̫ܰɣ˵
ʱڵһڣһȭЩû˿˹ȥȻͼʧڴ֮⣬͵ȫǴ֮ࡣ
⡭ôܣ
ļٵģ
ڵڶ֮ڣֿĸ֣رɽݡ
һּȻɫأĿ⾼ضĸ֡
һڣЩ˵ͽ뵽֮ˡ
ţţ֣ѩ˫ͷųʡ


883
СڵڶʲôʱܹȥܹһСʱһʱڳȥͷˡʱôһһʮָˣ˵ά͸һһƿ쾫ҩ
쾫ҩ
Ҳ쾫ҩ߳Ǿ߳ߣ˴ӵ˾֮ھҲһ̰塣쾫ҩ˵ʮҪ쾫ҩҲʮ󣬲ʲô˶ܹõġ
ʯûãõľǸҩõҩķʽ֣һÿ¶Ըķʽš࣬ԲõģҷŵҩƷҲܸ쾫ҩƷ
ڵĳͻȻӵվ˫ȭʼϵػտʼϵصı任ʽǺܿЩʽͿʼںϣʮӹȥ֮󣬳һȭһȭƾ֣ѩͼĻϿ͸оֵرɽݵơ
˵ŴĻϵĳӰת˴ŴȻһȭǽű򿪣Ӱ˳ȥ

죬֣ѩͼ쳤³һ㿴ңҿ㣬˵Ŀж͸˷֮ɫ
ѩȥ棡
֣ѩɫԥһµﻹûп꣬˽뿪
ں˵Щ˸Ͳʮܹ˹صģȥᵢʱ䡣
֣ѩɫԥһ£յͷãһȥ
˴վؿһ۴Ļ˶ʱֽֳŵı顣ڴĻϣʱһվŽȥ
֣ѩͼ໥һۣȻͽĿעŴĻϵǸˡǸ˲Ǳˣǰ޳
޳վǵǰɵشһȭȻȽŴ򿪣޳˽ȥ
⡭
֣ѩ촽˶ˡ
ȻָŴĻ֣ѩҲæȥһߴӵվŽȥͬʱʼ½½վЩѾ˴ߡѾ˴ͷʽȭͱ˺ܶࡣ
޳ΣϷӰТ죬ӢƽҦԶ޼ɾŸ½߽˵ڶأóٳûн뵽״̬е͵˿Ŀɿڴʱ֮ڻкܶûн뵽״̬ϾʱŹȥһСʱȳǰ˴ߣҲûйȥʱ䣬ͨ£û򵽴ҪһʽҲҪһҡ
ֻһСʱʱ䣬ڵʮ߾ͷ׷׹أôܹǳԾ⻹ǲ֪Ѿ˵ڶأЩ˵Ӷõ
ͽҧǵţͷżʵĻ棬˫ȭ߬סһźᣬһģֻʱȣҪҳԽģ
һŬؽĿĸ֡
֣ѩͼŴĻʱѾˣЩľˡ޼ɽ뵽ڶֹ֮ȥ˰СʱҲûмͨһ֮˲ų³һһƨϡ
ܹô̵ʱأͺ÷ˣ
ʱҲʱסҪȥͷҪһصǾŸ˻öʱ䴳ڶءͬʱҲҪڽȥ֮ǰ᲻˴һء
֣ѩһ߹עŴĻһߵпߵĲ
ֹǲҲѹ˵˵û˵ܹڲСʱʱءҲÿ˵һӻʮһСʱҾͷ׷׹˵һء˵ļ¼ǰ޹ˣҲߡ
֣ѩ߽ڶأ㿴˵ڶûһˡвɰԵͷȻѾ˵ڶءʱжԳʮڴҪ˿ļ޾
֪꣬վ׷ңȴô׷ң
޳һȻϯضĿĸϡ
߳ڶ֮󣬱㿴һڴ֮һ칫ʱһƯŮڴ칫ǳСʵغһĴһ£ǸŮȥ
˽ŲǸŮ̧ͷ˳꣬ȴһԻģ·ʳ꣺Ǵģ
ߵǸԻŮӸǰʵС㣬Ǹոͨ˵ߣҽҪʲô
㡭ǸŮĿʵ
ָָŵǴġ
㡭˵㿼˹ˣǸŮӵ˫Ȼضųꡣ
ţͷ
⡭ôܣŶ೤ʱ䰡ǸŮӻȵ˵ţȴ΢΢üͷð칫С㣬Ӧʲô
ŶŶǸŮŷӦ˹˵оƬҡ
꽫оƬݸǸŮӣǸŮӺܿڵϲȻ󹧾˫ֽоƬ˳ʦ֣Ǹųȥľסǵ˺šʱڵϲоƬͻ¼ˣж˵Ľܡ
ллоƬٲŴȥƿ˴ţһǰ갴սϵĺһ·ҵԼľסأһСͶ
һ·ϣҲһЩˣЩ˿Եһ˫Ŀ¶ԥ֮ɫ˫
򿪷ţ߽˱ںܸɾһڿõʱ򣬾˴ɨҾһӦȫǰ򿪵¼ˣһСʱ˵ԣվߵ̨ȥ
ԭʱؽˣ˵ÿʱ䣬ʱףֻнµ״̬п򵽴ɸѡӵĵط
ÿȵǿ˵ʱڣÿ߶ǰ˵пˡһһһǽһǽܹһǧ飬ǽһɫĽǶںһ߼ߵǽϡ
˵ֻҪưǿɫϣȻڵͿˡǽϵһǧ鶼ʹ㿼˹أʽˡڵĽܣվڳ껹Ƿ״̬Ϊ껹ûгΪһ˳Ա
£һο˻ʮʱ䡣ղϿˣʳ޲ûѣһһ޴ͼݣҲ롣Ҳ˵ͲҪʯʯҲûҪҪҩҩÿ˵жʮЩ߱ҪǧټƵصõҩ


884
һ˵ҩ˲ܣҲܹŪڶַǽľ齻
߶Լ鿴ʮÿһָ˶ҪƵҩЩѾ˿ˣۿҪϻȥˡЩ˶һЩҩȥЩָ㡣
ͻȻֳһ˿Źֵı飬а²ضûйȥɣ
֮ڡ
޳˳ĿǸŮӵϡǸŮӵɫһ㶣аôˣôô˴ˣ
Ǵʱ˳𺳣Ѿ侲ࡣ֪Թô̵ʱһţò˼꣬Щ˵ĵλȻΪ޳֮ػش˰޳⣬һֱ΢ЦעŰ޳ʧſڡ
޳ʵǣղųĳĸ
꣡
վ̨˼δʮζȹ¥ںĿ·һϾһϲʱ޳һЦݵվ̧ͷ
Ͻ
ಡ
޳һݣ̨Ȼͳһ粢ſ̨ϡ
꣬ò˶ãκ޼Ƕءˣǽ𣿡
ǣҡҡͷʱ䣬ܹǾͻᱻ˻ȥ
޳ɫһ˵
Լ½ȥɣЦ
ã޳߽ӵǰ档
ûеȵ޳꣬Ȼ޳˵ε½½˳¥£Ȼһֱӱ̨
ȵ˿ĸ򣬴ұɳϡ޼õ˵ǴʱѾ߱ͨ˵ʸȴҪʮ죬ⲻϹ󹤷𣿡
Ҳܹô˵Це˵
ţʲôý飿˵Ŀⶼڳϡ
ɫһͼݶȫšڵĸ似ӦöǺаϾսʱ似ҲǳҪֻ໥֮ľ粻ˣ
е޳ͬʮǾסͼݡˣͼǶʮСʱŰɣ
ǣҸղϿЦ˵
˵˵ղ޼ɵһԭΪ뵽˻ᱻ۸һ£û뵽˼ˣǿ˿ңû˴ҡ
ҲǶæɣϾÿ˵϶ŲСѹТ˼˵
վȥͼˣ׼ʮͺˡǶ׼ˮû׼ȥ׼
޳ЦˮʱҪ׼Ķ
߰ɣ
ʮ˴ʱѾס˵ͼܿͼݡ㣬ÿһ㶼󡣳ʮ˽뵽ͼݺɢ˿һ飬ȴһμǣ˼ҳǽд½ĵ顣
Щ£꽫Լľ˿һ㶼棬ɫһԭ껹Ϊڵľߣȴûһȥ뵽ڵӶѾΪеʽһԱ
ӵоֱֹףҲ֪ϣߺӦߵʼҲֳƣԽ󣬷ὥر׷ȻԶԶ˦¡
һ鼮ܿڳľɨ֪ЩûһǹؼһЩμǣ߽ޣֲȷ鼮
˳̷һ¥Ŷ¥ȥ˶¥꽫һͷ˳ȥͬʱҲСز鿴ûоߣûзоߡ˳µģþɨе鼮֡
һ飬˵ֻʮʱ䣬¾ʮҲꡣҵԼ鼮֮ǰѾˣ似ֻƵˮɽ
ƵˮɽǱ˴ڸģȴԴġƫƫǲֵ֮ϡ
ԣ;кйصһйȻ󿴿ܲܽںϳһֿȭϣֿڱϵȫ¹
һաֳһ˿ЦټһݾȻֻйصؼ
ơ
״
ȭ
ȡ
粽



885
һܼ䴩󣬷ɿؽ鱧˻ĿĹˣҵһ䣬ϣȻ¡
ͼûκǣͷӣҪа鼮͵͵սԪռͶȥ뷨õĽֻ
ǽǱȻһҳһҳؿȥֻܱоʽ꿴һСʱҲⱾ顣Ȼͱ۾Լʶпʼơ
һСʱ󣬳۾ȻʱоԼѾԱźܴ򡣵ûԹ֪
ѵҪ뿪
ҡҡͷһֳһƾ뵽ССǰͨ񲨶СཻС̵֮ͷ
˳ֻһƾ汣űĿ״̬µľ뵽УȻľӿС塣
СʱѾȫ彻˳꣬ľһǣɳ塣
СʱʱȫӦµ壬Ȼ㿪ʼд˱ơ
һ֪ԼıƻĲ㣬ʽʽԹ״֮ż⡣
һߴűƣһĶ
һֱ죬ڽױƾʽȫ
˱֮󣬳˳磬óһЩˮʼ켢Ķӣͬʱͷ˳ȥ㿴޳ȾŸ˴ʱҲ˶¥֪ʲôʱģ֪һ¥ûʲôмֵ似һ˶¥
˷̽״˳һҳһҳطȥȻֱĿֽ֮뵽УռС״ȫ
˶ʮʱ佫ؼȫĿϡһһػ似ղҡͷ似ȻȣԵֻͷųܣԴ
ҲΪˣܹؼڶʮھȫʣµһǽ似ȫںϣǷܹһµ似
룬껹ǾʱʱŵһߡʮĲѾоƣؼŻܣȻһɳеİ޳ˣ뿪ͼݣصԼı
뵽֮󣬳˯һһҹȻ㿪ʼڱһ䷿ڴȡҩ豸ҪɽеõƮƳ쾫ҩ

Ʈ쾫ҩҩ쾫ҩʮ¾Ҳ߶˵ҩ
ȡƮָҩģȻ߶ȼУʼ쾫ҩСʱʱ䣬ڽƮƳ쾫ҩƮܹƳʮƿ쾫ҩ
豸Ȼһƿ쾫ҩСʱ󣬳۾쾫ҩЧǺǿȴҺľ룬ֱӽ뵽У뵽Һ֮ڣϥǿشʯͷϣȻֺһƿ쾫ҩʼת
Сʱ󣬳ʶһǿʶڵǳֳһȦľͻƵϵ߼ڵľ硣

Ӻ˳ֳϲɫҺ쾫ҩʹãھźܴЧ
ڳʱȥؼںһ¡˱ĵңһңҶúϽɣʮּ̡
ȳ׼ںϵУƻӵزȴʱ䣬ÿնͼں֮С
ʱܿţ˿ʼѾȥһµʱ䡣ڹ۲ڵļ֣ѩ໥һۡ
һֱûȥ㱨ҪûܹһʽأΪֻҪһܹʽأͶ˵šǣȴʧҲûܹһʽء
˴վߵԱߵһţ˷ֱóһſʶϻһ£ű߻򿪣߽˴š
һɫĵ绰ⲿ绰ֱӽͨʮֵÿ˵ֵһ꣬رشҪʮͳһֵܹԾÿżȨ
굱ֵҫʱԼİ칫ڣ۾˼ϵ顣һ绰ҫ۾Ϊǲɫ绰
ץ˵绰˶ߡ
绰д֣ѩǿ˲֣ѩ
ҫûзɿؼһ£ǿ˿ʼһ£Ӧ˹ˡ΢΢һüͷаһ²ͨˣȻţҲûбҪ֪ͨԼɣ̫Сˡ˹ٲأ
֣ѩ֪ԼѾһصıǩڵ绰пٵ˵θ𿼺˵ҺͼˡѾʮͨ˵ڶصĿˣ
ҫɫ΢΢һ˿仯Ȼʮһͨ˵ڶصĿˣ⵹ֵͨһ£ҫȤҲǺܴһͨڶؿˣ̤ŵıߣԺǷܹȥŻ˵
ǣôԼֵʱһӳʮһڴ˵ڶصˣֵ΢ôһ㡣ŵ绰ʵʮ˷ֱصʱǶ٣
绰Ǳߵ֣ѩɫغ˼¼ҪĿ˵оŸСʱͨ˵ڶء
ҫСʱͨ˵ڶأɼѾڵĵһŵ־Զȥ־ԶĸСʱʱͨ˵ڶء
Ÿ˾̰ʱҲడ̰ҲСʱŴڶأŸ߾ȻֻСʱǲζδ˻оŸ̰
ʱܹʮͨڶؿˣǻһأǸ߻öʱ䣿Сʱ
һԼȶһ˿⡣ҲԼô𾪵ϢԼȻܹɽûʧ̬
ţ
ƴʱڵ绰ͷ֣ѩͼԼͶءûʲôܹ𾪵
ҫɲûһˡõ绰ͷ֣ѩͼжͶأ˶һۣǣҾͲصʱ仹侲
һֻ˶ʮӾͨ˵ڶء
ʲôҫ顱һ۵Ĳšôţļ¼ǵģ㵱֮ӣҲһСʱʱ䣬ȴֻ˶ʮӵʱ䣬ʲô
һֱŬķҪһĿĺܻܿʵ֣


886
һҫһƬȣһ˳ԼֵʱһҪúùעСӣҲԼǷܹһҪ̴ˡ
̵ҫ˵꣬͹˵绰ȻԼȥ֣ѩͼ졣
֣ѩ˵绰˼һȭͷȻ˳ϢҫˡǴȥӦܹ䵽ô
̽ʮ˵׼ãȻң˵쵼˽ڵ˸ϳȥȻʼѰҳʮһµжȻٽȡ¼ٵ뿪ҫİ칫ҷȥ
Уϵߣȷɵҫİ칫¥ǰҲ۵ú䤱ҫҲûиɫ䵭˵ôôã
ǡ
ˣ˵ˡϽߣѾ˺ܾˣ
֣ѩͼ°͸°죬ֻñͣʵʵظĺ档
ţ
鵭طԸһ䣬Ȼ㿪˽ȥܿ죬˳ɫ䵭¶ȵЦݵλȥ
лл֣ѩͼл߽֮ҫİ칫ҡ˵ã
ҫֵ¡
ǣ
֣ѩͼĶ棬ܿΪ˲裬Ȼ˳ȥ֣ѩȡһݸҫ¼ʮһһжֹ
ţҫһ߽ԣһʵôôò㱨
֣ѩŵһڿˮԭҪû˻һͨˣҲûһͨˣһµһ죬ǲ㱨
ţ
ҫصͷڴǹעĻ档Ȼ˿ٵͨˣüëһȻ࣬˫Ŀֳ֮ɫ
Ȼ㿪ʼٶȡ¶˹ŹֵЦݣ̶ֳ

ָŵĻ֣ѩͼҲ˰ɣ
Ҵҿ֣ѩЩԵ˵
ʮСӽ̫ˣȻЩСûзǡʮСﻹΪ˵ջ˺áǺǺǡ
ҫĵЦ˵Щ˵Ƕˡ
֣ѩͼʱҲӦ˹ҲһЦõ顣˵ҲܹЩˣ˵ǣۿҲԲŻڵһп˹صˣȻȥע⡣쿪ʼЩ˾ͺöɴ۾Щˡ
ǺǡҫЦúܿģʮСҲܹ͵סįȻӽһܽͼݣһݾ͵ڡҲͳ뿪ͼݣһԼڱﲻ֪ʲôǾŸСӻͼݡʮСӽ˲ðҪʣҪԣҪǲ
ҫдãȡƿ쾫ҩ϶˵ƿ쾫ҩǽ͸ġ
л֣ѩͼ켤ظƿҩҫл
ҪܣҪκһˣ𣿡ҫ˵
ǣ֣ѩͼش
ˣǻȥɣ
ǣ
֣ѩͼ뿪ҫİ칫ңһ˷ܵػص˹۲ҡƿ쾫ҩٴͻƵĻᡣ
ʮ졣
һڵľͨ˿ˣ̱ʮ߰Χм䡣һ߲мǸڵľߵ˵˵ʲôʵ
ȻԷЩ˲⣬ǽһͦϵż۷壡
Ǹ˫ģϷŰ˵˭ѵѵ
һߴ˳ֻȭͷø°ֱСӣҲϵż۷壬۸㡣ڸ·һ·µ쵽ƿҩƿԪҩТңҾͷŹ㡣ڶ·Ұһ٣ȻµװƿҩƿԪҩͬýң
ĿǲҪǰһ٣µ׵ʱҪҩң
ǸߴЦֻҪǸ£
䣬ǰһһֻȭͷŶԷ˹ȥ
ˡ
һٱɽߺХȥ
С
߲мһȣżЩɽץ˹ȥܹ𶯣·γһ𶯵Ĥ

һץץסʮɽ˳ȥ߱㴫һƬķɽĴҷɣߵѾ˶Էĸǰ


887
ѾߵĸǰҲǾþɳ֮ˣȻ֪ҪͶԷ룬ȻˣͬʱٴοƿƵķɽ
ǡ
ȴһѾһ˴ǹһش̵ĸȻ顱һʹһʹε˳ȥصˤڵϣһߵ඼ˣһϺһ㣬ʹվǵҲףΪʲôԷٶȻ죬
ʮ졣
һڵߴسɹżȻһס
ʮ졣
޳Ÿ뿪ͼݣΪͼ֪ͨ콫ǿ˵ʱ䡣Ÿ˲Ŵ鼮˳һδػص˱ϴһ裬˳ıһذ塣
оѣӵڳ򿪷ţľŸ˾ͺһӿ˽
꣬ǿʱˣǾͿԳΪˡ
꣬ͼʲôջ񣿡

һȺڳĿںҵ£šȴ֪Ѿע⵽ˡ
һűһֱǿţͻȻһȺûƵİ壬һ˴򿪷ţҪһǰע⣬ȴ˿ʼؽʱôûע⵽
ԣܿߴ˷ڳı£Щ˿ûȥ壬ֱӳ¥ϺĲ񣬳
ﲻԶոձҲߵ̨ϣų˹һã֮ɫ
ѵǻûб԰ǲͽ𣿡
۵ʮɫһ㶣һվ׷ߵ̨ϣŲ·ȥ
ģһߵʵ
ţͷ
Ǹüͷʲôʱģ
жʱ˰ɣԷ̬ȣɫҲõ
ǸüͷʵŪΪʲôûзֳǽԲ뵽ڿ˵ĵһͽ뵽ǸʱǻΪյĿŬ
Ȼ֪ˣҪ̻ˡеĲ⣬ɫһȵǹûվʲô
ҫڰ칫ڣżͻĻ棬ţ㿴Ҫˣڴ
̨֮ϣʮɫͶˡľǸһɨɫ΢䡣һϵż۷壡
޳°͵ǾԸˣ
ಡ
޳˫һ̨αȥվǸߵĶ棬´ŶԷ᣿
ԷɫһͣҲûŵˣǻûŵˡɫһ֮ǴŭúͰ޳£ȻǰһһȭŰ޳˹ȥ
޳ӹһ˿ЦȭͷӭŶԷȭͷӲ˹ȥȭͷڻ˲·ŴһȦǴΧԪۣͬ޳Ĵһס
顭
ȭͷݺݵײһ
ǲ
һѣԷε˳ȥڿлһߣ˵ϣһ·ĺˡȻûˤһֻұѾ࣬һǹͷѣʧȥ˿ơһ˫۾Ű޳Ѫ
顭
޳˫ȭǰײһ£ĿɨΧߺȵ˭
СӣҫĻϵİ޳ϵЦ⣺ѾǴһֵˮ׼ˡ͵̰һˮ׼
ΧղǸϵż۷Ѿ֮ʵǿˣǰ޳Ķ֣˭ȥ
顭
Ǹϸ첲һһߵ˰޳ĸǰȻãܺãڴӦδһڵҩ͸ңҾ㣬һδһһֱ˵״̬ûʱ
顭
޳׵һŽԷ߷˳ȥζԷҲûվڵ˴Ϻ޳˹ȥ߲޳һֱߵǸ˵ߣ˵ƾҲвң
Ǹ߼ѵ̧ͷ˵㲻õ⣬Ҳʵǿģģȵµ׿ϣ׼ڴһɣ
޳ɫͻȻһ£ǸΪ޳ˣϱԳЦھǺҲˣ
ȴ޳Ȼͷ̨꣬ǻиû죡
ǰ
ǰ
Ͻȥ찡
̨ϵĳ˷׷ȻͰ޳һ츣İ칫ҷɱȥΧ߿˵ıӰٿڵϵߣһϵɫ쳣ʡǸڵϵ߸ֱۣԭ˼Ұ޳Ǻ£Ǳѻҩûȡ
ʮ˺ܿʹӸ쵽ƿҩƿԪҩһƿԪҩһһߺȣһԵ޼ɺЦ꣬Ϊϣ
ર죬û˵ʲôȴѾжϳԪҩЧҪǳҩ̫࣬˵һǳҩǳҩҲ磬ҪϺܶࡣ룬Ҳûʲô⣬˵ǳҩҩҩҲڵĸƷҩҩģټϳ겻׵ˮƽȻҪ˷ŵҩǿ̫ࡣ
ҩҩ˵ӵеҩƷ˶ȲϣȲϣһ˺öࡣĲҩĵϺ˱϶ǾţһëڵҩĹһȴȫû⡣
ȡһƿҩڰ޳˵עº˽ȥȻ΢΢ҡҡͷҩڳʱܹҺ˵ʵûʲô
һ·ص˳ıֱɳϣ޼ɲȻһĴ˵꣬ˣҰ˵һҩʦ
޳۾һĿȵ˳ꡣ굹νص˵ͷ޼һȻ˵ģ˵ôƿҩ֮һΪȻģ꣬ǲҩˮƽ˻ߣ
ȶ˰ɣЦֻǸŵҩȵؽˣǸʱ򷢷ŵҩƷһڸߵĶࡣ
ŵҩϾޡ꣬˵ˣҩģҪҩ޼Ƥ˵
û⣬ֻҪпգ
ν˵ҩҲѲ˶ʱ䣬ñ˵ĲҩҲ
ҲһҪڽлĻҩȻȫͷӦǰŸ˺ڽΪд½ϵĸֵ֣óȥύ֮˱㿪ʼʱͼڵջһͣ˺˸ɴ˳ĵңһдһ߽һֱڶ磬Щ˲δشӵҳȻֱӱſ˴ȥ


888
߽Ǹ㿴˶޴ǽһǧ顣
죬һǰ˼ʲô
һϤתͷȥһұ۴űڼһ꣬ǸҲͶʮģУԷļȴһģУ˲ʵǿܹͨģʵԽͨߣ츳ԽǿʵǱǿδֻܹҵıӰ
۹޼ɺεشЦǳҲݸ
޼һЦ㽫˵˹һ۱㿴˰޳ϱʮѿʱһȺ˴Ӵſ˹Ŀɨˣ㿴Уֳһ˿죬ȥУ첲ô¶
еɫøӵѿػθ磬˴ˡ
ʲôλθһ𾪣ɣ
ĿʾǸˣ
θĿض˰޳ϣȻٲŰ޳ȥ˰޳ĸǰ΢΢۾£
飡
޳ûд𻰣ֱһλθ磬λθĶҲʮֿ٣߳һȺͰ޳ײһͬʱһҡ˫˫ɫһ䡣
Ҫʧȥ˵ʸ𣿡һ𿼺˵ߺȵ
θٴۣŰ޳ȵ㼤ŭˣ뿪˵һڴһꡣ
䣬ֽĿݺݵɨ˵ҲմĹ⣬׼ڴһɣ
국һЦʼû޼ȴǸϲӬƵĻ˻ֵ߰ɣ߰ɣ˵򲻹״磬ܹùҲûлˡ
޼ֿһθ磬һֻ첲ڳļϣб۾λθôûôôأ
θŭ
˻ȫͨԺǾߣЩסһˡ˵ûлˣˣ
θȻ̶Ц
꣬˱̼ˣ޼ͬθ硣
ŶθЦȻֹ˵Сӣʧķһոսˣͨˣθ㣬һҲͨˣһһֱڴϣһֱ޵ﱻСӣ͵ڴϾɣ
޼§§ļ̲꣬סˣ
ЦҪǽ첻ˣȵһ٣
һ룡޼ɽüͷһ˼״ˣǵΪߵʱٽѵǸʱҾˣǱѵˣ
Χ˶ǿ׳һؿ޼ɣó˶죬꼱æ޼ɴϵĸ첲ԶһڳһҲʶģ
ԶǸ߶޼ɸˣֵСӣôţˣ
޼ȴû̹ȥָָλθԿ˵ɲ
аǼһɣ
ǰ߷׷޼һ߳ǰߣһб۶λθҲҰ
θָ޼ɵ˵㣬ȴûֻǴǽվǰθ磬θߵǽǰ棬ְǸɫĽϣ֮ͼǽϵķ鿪ʼһһһΧ߶˷źʮţ

һٰʮߣ

ʮ

Űʮ壡

Űٰʮţ
Űپţ
Űپʮһ
Űپʮ


һ޴̾Ϣǽϵĵƹͣ˾ŰپʮȻθ粻ͣɫѾǺ죬ǵƹȴǿزͦһεջ֣ɫѿ˻޼ɶݺݵصСӡ
ûеȵ˵꣬޼Ѿ˳ȥͷҲص˵ͲôôڹؼʱήˣˣҪͦ
θѿеҧ飬Ŀǿһض޼ɵıӰ޼ǽǰְǿɫϣȻǽθҰһθŵĿеһ顣
޼ɵǰǽм߻һŻ޼ɻعͷͬĿ˹ٵǴȥ𣿡
ǣ˹ٻеصͷ
޼ɳθ˰ֵǸ˭㣬ɲҪҵ̫Ŷ
䣬޼ɱ߽ǵţȻߵǽٶȺ£θĲͬľżŤת˳ʵˣ


889
θļ˵Ŭ㻹лģ
䣬ǰȥȻ޼˵һԣôǾż۷Ȼ˵ڶ
ʱ˵ʮּž޼ɵĳɹѾڵˣǴʱЩųʮ˶ܹͨˣȻ˾÷˼
ǡ
ȴʮָӣǵҰͨ˿ˣʧǽڣȻҦԶƽ
һֱİ޳߽Ż
ҫʱ˷ܣĻϿʮ˴˳ĿһضĻ
ʱ򣬿޼ڳȵһϣҲ߹ȥûнӴԱ
Ҳǰɣ޼Ц˵Ǹθô
ҰοֻҪŬлġ
޼ɰ޽ɵشЦ
ûһ޳˶˳ÿ˵϶Цݣųȵľͷȥ
ڳȵľͷһţƿһ֮ǰһиԱһǼǣȻȡ俨ÿ˻һоƬǸԱظǣоƬʮҪŻ֡˳νÿһ֡һִԽģһСʱԺҪõҪ
˷׷׵ͷʾףֻҪǸģ־֪һģȻĵطȻʮ
ʮ˴Ӵ˳ȥɫһݣվʮǡǾ֪ЩһǵĻ֡
Ȼһ߳ųǺǰѻֽԵõһڵı
ǰѻֽԵõڵı

ʮȿֺ˵֮󣬳һһ㶵ġʮ˲дĴţд˴壬мû˵İɡ
޳ʮеһ߹ֵߡ
Ǹ߲ͷذڰֵڵǾͱڣһҲ뽻ԺڱĻֲԺÿûֱϽһ롣
޳ɫһ㶣ת˳ꡣʵߣϵż۷ʵڹؼʱҲ˳ꡣ
ͷųһɨϲֳ˹Ź֮ɫǰʮ˶ǺǼߣһϵ߶ûУмֻк߼ʵ
΢˼һ±ˣȵôøҲֻи֯ڵСɫ
ǡ
Լڵ߰ôҲ֯һԴԼŵˣû˵һҪԼΪ⡣
ӦǶûд뵽ɣҲֻŻ᲻˽ҡҡͷǲģǱԴһһͻγϰߣһʧȥǿ֮ģһҲͱ۷塣
޳ҡͷɫһ˵ԼĻ֣ǲκˡ
Ǻǡ
ʮһ𷢳˼ЦǸ΢΢һüͷҪΪʵǸ߾ţֻȵģǲ֣ʵǿǰѵ㡣ʱˣҪѻϽǺο࣡
޳ûпڣ޼ɴֵȥǺǰ˼۷壬ʵǿɣ˭ˣָǣˣѻָҡ
Ǹ߲мؿһ޼ɵ޼ɣʶ㣬㲻Ķ𣿵ˣڡﲻʹҪŰҳȫ㡣ҲǺǰ˼۷壬۸㡣Ҫ֪˵ĺǰ˼۷ڵĺǰ˼۷岻ͬ
޼бۿһ۵ǵ㣬ĲӦǰ˵ģҵҪ˵ߺ߾ʲôͬ
ĲŵһЦĴѾ˵һֵڣоԵĻ޼ɡߵм䣬޼ɹ˹ָ˵
顭
޼ͬҲ˵ҽڴһ壬һ죬ĲȥͬһųŵڵһֻȭͷĲмٵͷŴ
ĲۺұȻȭ
顭
ȭͷûײһ𣬾һĴ򱬿
䡭
ȭͷݺݵײһֱϵ˲飬ͬƬƬ衣
ۡ
ĲһѪĵزסصˣұ۴һز۵Ĳź;塣
顭
޼ɿɲһĴˣν˫ȭͣĲϱ죬ʮ֮Ĳ߸߷صˤڵϣ׵ػ˹ȥ
˭޼Ŀɨʮˣ뺷˶㣬ʮ඼һͣ
ߣһǾż۷߷ӦԼȻһ˸סˣ̲סһȵ
˲սһһ޼ɲоɹ֮ʵĿֲǷǹһֹǷӦҲ֮ȻԷǺǾż۷壬øһȴ޼ɵĹ½ڽڰˣ޼˲֪Էûнһ֣̱ԭһӣԷڻڵ֮󣬾Ȼֳʣµʮһһϰɣ
ʮ˲ʹʱѾ޼Ϣú޼ɾһǰ˼۷壬սȻЩһЩˡ
ôܣ
ѵѾ˴ھϳԼ
ܰɣ
ʮ˴͵µɫҲһ䣬̶رġ
ôң
ʮ˹оŭĻ档ʲôʱֵ˱ˣ
ǡ
һЩ˰
ǡ
ԲǶ֣
ʮ໥һۣ̤ǰһһǾż۷޼˵޼ɣǺ㵥Ƕֻ֣һϡ飬ǿȥʵǿǡ
ôϻϰɣ
޼ɴʱսѾ޷Ƶĵزͬһ̹һؾŶԷ˹ȥֻȭͷͬŵڵ
顭
ʮҲȻѾһˣˣǿͶˡʱӰɣֻһغϣ˱޼ɺ˳ȥоܹͷѵͬʱ޼ֽסǺ󱳻ǱصػһȭõһƬǺ졣
顭
޼ɵ˫չٵתͬһתķ糵ӣγɵһȦ


890
˻
ϵ·Ӷѣƥһߵϡ
ꡭ
һͷѵһα˳ȥȻصˤڵϣʧȥս
顭
޼ɵ˵ϣͬһԶޣĿ
ΧۿһЩжһһͷɶƵϮͷ
˺ÿֲ
ѻֽг޼ͬһغ
ʱһŬشӵû˿Ŀ־壬Ƕһ˿ݵˣʡһ㻹ý
䣬ó˵绰޼һȻЦãûûд񫣬Ͻɡ
ΧЩֵ˶һ˵Ŀ⿴£һаǰ׳˼ҽ˿϶ϵģһǼŰ𣿡
Ȼһӵʱ䣬ӶļʮߣܹӶľһϵߣҿǵٶƷͣ겻΢΢üͷ
һǵ£⼸ʮߵɫ㲻һһȻȵģ
үġ
޼ɵĻδ䣬Ǹ߱Ѿ£һڿͬһ޼ɺɨ˹ľһֱ߶ȼУǸ߳һ˲䣬αԭʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
˲޼ɵǰ޼ɵ֣һֻֻ˽ɫŶԷĽ׺ݺݵػ˹ȥ
顭
ӾͱԷɣԼұ۶ѵʹϵļһڿзһͷĵڵϺˡ
顭
һǸߵڱǸߵɫһ죬һ˿ѪȴóһԼͨȻöԷȫѹסֻ΢ܵһЩˡֻһܣǶԷϵż۷壬ٴҲɹһ֡
Ǹ߲ȥվǰ޼ɣǽĿ˳꣬ͷߵһ˿ѪȥȻһЦСӣ㾹ȻŪҡ
顭
ų˹
顭
ԱߴܹһΣһʽϬţ߲ײȴϵż۷İ޳
Էһʽײӣ߾һ죬˵źĺˡ
ಡ
һӰĺ˵İ޳˹ȥͬʱκͱϷҲ˳ȥǶԷҲ˸ˣȻûȺһһƾųĸ֪̾͸֪Է˶ϵż۷塣
顭
εͬгײٵط˳ȥһĹľһֻƾ򱬿ĺ֪ԷûнڶԲҲ벻Զ
ȻĿһ֮ǰԼǸѾԼĸǰ
̫ˣ
ʵ̫ˣ
˲ֳɫͬһսеʽһ֮ڿը죬ǳ꽫ںϵڵЧ
һöԷɫһұͬһ޵նȥǳ֮ǱʱԼʵѾͻƵϵǺǼֻϵһǳ֮ǱٵʽһܹԷϵż۷ܡ
ǡ
ϾʱûͻƵϵؿסȻҲڱȴԶԶزܹﵽϵż۷ʵ
䡭
ε˳ȥҲ˹
顭
ؿŶԷȭͷԼϣڴһƬ֮󱻶Էһȳڵϡûп־壬ֻεĿɬѵתͷͷĿȥʱԼʮоŸѾ˵ϣΨ޼һãȻվ
һߵ޼ɵĸǰһָ޼ɵǰصСӣĹ㣬¿ĸͷЩߡ
޼ãȻɫͻȻЦЦˬʶ⡣
ҵֵܶˣ㿴֮𣿡
顭
޼Ȼץס˶Էظָһ
ǲ
Էָͱϡ
顭
ŭ֮£Էȭͷͬһ޼ɵϣ޼ɵ˵ϣ˹ȥ
칫ǰҫŴĻڵϵʮˣ
ʮС˲ðԵذѴ˵һԲǸ꾹ȻܹԺǾż۷ʵƴһϵż۷壬ҲڶԲʮ
ܿҽԱϵֳʮ̧˳ϣȻҽԺСʱ󣬳ʮ˾ͱͬһ˲ϡ


891
ڲϣþĬԼ壬״Ƿǳ⡣ȫͷѣ⣬Ǿܵˡһ˰ոƵҽ˵û²ָܻºҲֻǳָȻҪҪȫָôҲðʱ䡣
ǳȴ֪Լôõʱ䣬ǵһˣԼһԼ˵ķ
ҲǼԼĹûжԽӲĵطһԼ˵ҲһܸߵߣԼĹԽӵû˿졣޼ǵҲ⡣
뵽޼ɣһůû뵽޼ɻ˸Һܹ˵£ȴѡӲƴԭֵܶˡ
ֵܣ
ζãһȻҰҵֵܣҲѴҵֵܡ
ȵȡһƬ֮УȻþȡһƿһǳҩԼߣ򿪸ӣſ˽ȥȻдش̼ڵĸ֯ھǵǱܣͬʱ֮ǳҩȵرƽ˸֯ڵڷɿȬ
ϢضһӰҫȫע˵ĳ꣬ͷų֪ųڵĴֳһ˿𾪡
ȻǴԲСڵĻָܻúÿ죬СӸղźȵʲôҩ
ҫĬĬڴϵĳ꣬оâ˸ĬĬվûȥꡣʵ۵ʵǾ綼̫࣬Ծվ˳ĸǰһ˵ĳҲûз֡
һʱ֮
ǳҩͲ֮ҩЧĸɾһ£ԼֻҪһµʱͿȫָԭˮƽ˵Щ

껺³һ۾ĿһԼĴ߲֪ʲôʱվһˡʮܹԼֶվԼԣ˵ʵԳԼ̫ࡣǣҲͷһҪԼԼûзԷܹĬĬվ֤Լûж⡣
ǰ
˵
ҫ¶Цݣһ˳Ĵߵ˽𣿡
˽⣡ʵʵ˵
㲻Ҫ˽⣬ֻҪ˽ʮһֱ֡ʮͿˣҾʮ֮еҫ
Ŀ΢΢һܹʮһ֣ǰ֮˾֮һףҫеĸ־ʮһˣٴη˵ҫ
ҫһֵЩģֻһ仰Ըĵӣ
ӣ
ʦ෽㣬ǻʦָ㣬иҩ㡣ôҫƶųꡣ
ȷʵͬҫ˵ģûʦֻܹԼֻȥ
һÿµµ׻ʵߵ߱˰ŹڿΣһȥʵߵߡ
ɲǰ̣Ҫҩ߻֡ҩͻֶ֮˱ˣԼԴ
һʦõụ̂Ϊʦÿ¶һЩҩȻʦʲôҪȥûκƴǡ
ǡ
뷨ͬд½ˣԵ򣬶ǵߡԸҩͻȥ̸֣һд½Ϊʦһд½ͻԣ
ڶһֱûаʦȫƾԼҪ⡣ԼʹҲȥʦҫǸһЦԲҲʦ
ʲô
Ļشȫҫ⣬ҪΪʦ˵ֻҪһ֣ͻ˿źҪΪʦѵõԿͽȴܾˡ֮࣬ɫҲѿ
Ϊʲô
ЦһµԲвѵĿԡ
ҫؿų꣬ΪһܹͽѾܲˣڳܾ֮ټǸˡֻؿ˳һۣվȥֱ뿪ҽԺ
ûȥҰ޳Ÿˣ˳֮ڰ޳ѾûȤȻҲɹ˴
ҫſʧıӰгΣҲ֪Լһᣬһ֪ûеҫȴڣ΢΢ҡҡͷ˴ʱֿʼʳ֮ǳҩʼ޸Լ塣
µʱ䣬ڵѾȬֻǻʮֵҪµĽָܹԭ۷״̬
ϵıѾȫŲŷڻʿСĲشӴչ˳Ļʿһ΢ֿɰĻʿʱһ˫ۣų꣬Ү㾹ȻôͺˣǵҩûôЧ
ǺǡЦԼҩ
ʿ˫ĿȻŴ󣺡һҩʦ
ţ΢΢ͷȥֵܵĲ
ʿų˵仰Щ΢е˵ɣ
΢΢ҡͷҪ鷳ߡ
Ŷ
ʿɵصͷЩʿϸѡģȻ츳Խ˳ΪߣܹطӴĶţѧĶҲܹġЩʿԼĹзǳؾְ𣬶չ˺òˣԼв⣬ҲԽ̡Щ߻˳һƿҩҪǱǸ߿У޸λߣνһ졣
Сʿ˫§ų꣬߾ȫطų꣬ǺԽԽϣҲͷˮųꡣһ䲡ȥ޳ŸֻǸոһָһԾ۲šСʿ§½뵽޼ɵķʱ޼һͷ˻ƵͳЦ꣬ǲǹⲻΣ˼С㰡㿴㶼˼һˡСһҪ㸺𣬰
˴ߵϣûкһ޼ɵԴ㻹˵ˣ
꣬ûͬģ⻹᣿ˣôõô죿ʱ⣬óǺ⡣
Ҳܿͻġ
޼ƲƲԼԼûаָ
국˵һҩʦ
޼ɵ۾һ˵֮Իָ˿죬ǺȵԼƵҩ
شȷ
ǻʲôϽΣҩó
ЦȿƣȻٸҩ
䣬ľ͸޼ɵɨ˾ȺúϢɣ쿪ʼҸҩҽԺҩͲҪˡ


892
ͷһۻĨˮСʿ¶һ˿ЦݵʿС㣬鷳һιɣ
Ŷ
ʿظصͷȻͷɿ˳ȥ޼ɺٺٵЦ˵ϧ񰡣
ôôϻЦõ˵
ʿƻ˲֮󣬳ϥ˴ϣһƿһǳҩ㿪ʼתǳȻʱܹǾǳȽʵֻҪܹͻƵϵͲЩϵż۷塣
Сʱ󣬳չȭͷоԼһ˿ָͲܹƳҩ겻΢΢üͷͻȻüëһֳЦ⡣
ɵڴϣȻľͽ뵽硣һɨ㿴СڿҰ㱼

㱼Ҳ֪ô£ǲϲ·ó꿴һ
ľС࣬СཻһȻֽȫ뵽СڣС塣
ҩ԰ɼһЩ֮ô֭֭װһ֧֧ԹȻԹܷס
ҩ԰вɼҩ޳ǺȵȻܹǳҩǸҩǺҲûãճѡƵҩҩǶڻָĸźܴĺôҶߵҲŴٽá
ʿС˳üΣÿμ궼˯ŵ뿪ˡһƾСʿľٶҩ֮˳ʮƿԪҩ
Сｫ˳صԼûȥﾲϢʿԺȴǲͣ˼顣
˼Լѧ似ƺֻͨͨƵˮɽپûˡ
ԣ
Ȼܵʱһȭÿһȭͷ·һǳ
Ȼ˴վ˲м䣬һȭһȭû·Ĵţػָоĸоִĸо
Ҫڶ𵴶γһơ
شڶ𶯣ֻ˲ʹһȦǲŷʴ󣬴ʱѾѡҲŵýرϡ

ֳϲɫһȭһȭغ·ػţֻ̲ȭͷ֮ڣûͷųȥͱˡ
ǡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬γɵûдȻ˴ȴûγǳ֮ơ

곤³һѾ͸ʱ廹̫ˡ˴ϣǿϥǳҩ֮󣬱㿪ʼǳ
³ȻһֱǴ״̬ȴʱʱ̿ڷʳǳҩԪҲڲͣػۣоٻһʱͿԳȥϵˡ
ڶ졣
СʿĲһţûн֭֮Һҩ޳ǵĻʿÿԸǷҩҩʵ̫ˣرǲ֮д½͵涼Ҳֻڷֳ
Լķ䣬꽫ʮƿԪҩ͸СʿʱСʿᶼԺԳչ˸ӵϸ塣
棬ÿȥҽ鷿һȥ޳Ÿ˵ķתһȦ֭֮Һҩһһ£ȻôҩЧֲøӾȡ֮صԼķ䣬ʮ֮ŵʱǳʮ֮һʱǳȭ

ȭһֽǳȭ
ֻʮÿ˶ʱ䣬ҲƵӰӣÿһȭӳѾһǳ׹ƣֻƻʮС
Ҳ˷ܡϾѾֶһȭϣһȭǳ֮ѣһʦžֿ߱ܣʮ䣬ܹһȭ˵ȥԻ𾪵һ˵һ۾
ֹȥ˰£Ѿȫָ۷״̬޳ȻûȫָҲָһ룬ҪΪǵĴñȳ֣Ȼ˵ЧҪһЩ
ʹˣаҲͿµָˡ
µʱת˲
飡
ķűƿ޼ɴ˽
꣬Ѿµˡһ㣬ҹ˼ɣ
꣬Ҳˣ



893
޼ɵȾŸ˴ſڼ˽Ǿͽͣһ㶵ضųꡣʱŨҵϢȻѾ˭ܹϵһϢ
ڴͨ˵ڶһʮ߸Ѩϣﵽϵһڡ۾޼ɾŸˡ
Ȭˣ
ϲ޼ɼ˴˹ųΧ˹꣬ؾͻˣ
̫꣬˼ˣʮʣһǼˣûˣ޼ɱӲǱ
ǾͺúЦ
ûô޼졣
һµǻҪһʱָܹ۷״̬һʱһרŸһЩƷҩԪҩýʡˮȾˣҲȵǳԺʱǵʵܹ̫һ̨ס
޳ȾŸĿȴûƷҩԪҩڵʱһϡȱҩÿҲֻܹƿṩҩ߹ҩʶ˵ʵĸܹ𣬿ʱҲ޼ܹ˭һĵ
ǣҲʱǳ˵ÿ춼ԺһƿǾһݳ޵
ֶ˵лǾû˼ˡͨβһս֮ҲôֻҪʲôʱ򶼲վһˡ
ڶ졣
ͽƺõҩָǣÿ˸һµÿʮ֮ŵʱǳʮ֮һʱǳȭ
һա
վڲ룬һȭһȭû·ػţÿһȭγһƣһǳ֮ơ
űʿС˽㿴˳ھ֮һȭ˹ûƿ֮Ϊ꽫һԪ̲ȭڣûͷų
ǡ
ǺȴѾγɡ
ڻʿСУ͸оһǳ׹

ʿСһɫ԰ףһƨ˵ϡǴʱĳȴȫȭƵ֮УûʿļСſӰһ޳˳ڳ겡ſڣһĽšΪ귢ʲô⣬ǵǵĿʱֺǡ
޳ɫһ䣬ֽʿС㱧һ˳䣬Ȼ󽫷ŹϡʿһƣȻŸ˾վ˳ķΪ껤
Ƕ֪ʱһ״̬״̬Ϊѵãмɱ˴šһ˴ţ˳ľ磬ʧûܹ𡣰޳ݺݵصǸСʿһۣ޲һưȵһߡ
ʱǸСʿҲӦ˹ϾҲһߣȻͣǴʱҲ֪ǽ뵽һľ硣вһ£ΪԼó־˳Լ̾ͻᱻ˸ϳȥɽһ˫Ͱ͵۾˰޳ǰ޳ȴûиһ˿ɫҲֻʵʵվ
ʱȴǴһ״̬֮УÿһȭγһִƣҳоڵԪŴ궯ŵڶһʮ˸Ѩϳȥ
һȭһȭػ
顭
ڶһһʮ˸Ѩϴͨ
顭
һѨرͨͨʮһѨϣͨѨϵѾﵽ˶ٶʮ˸ʵϵһ۷塣
ˡ
ڵĴʼǿÿһȭǿһ֣شʼƤڴܶƤ֮Ͽʼ˸һɵĹ⻪
һСʱ
Сʱ
Сʱ
˼⣬ǳʱȫڶǳȭ֮УþӵĻͻᷢļͬͷһɵĹ⻪

곤³һӶ״̬˳ΪǴ뵽֮Ž͸ʱʼͣ
Ҳ˷ܡϾʼ˴ĵֻ֣Ҫ˿ʼһ־Ͳټѡ
һֱŶİ޳ˣﳤ˴˽һϾ㶼ֳһ˿ϲɫƿţվڲм޼ɴӰ޳߼˹ȥ
꣬ղʲôȭ
ҹǳȭĿǰΪֹֻһʽ꿪ĵЦ
꣬Ҳͻˡôɣ޼ɵ˵
̽һɨȻ޼ѾǺǾż۷塣ɨˣְ޳ͣϵż۷塣κͱϷҲͣϵ߼۷壬ӰȴǵõͻƣʵϵļڡТҲͻƵϵڡӢϵһ۷壬ƽҦԶϵһڡ


894
ɫһ㶣Сʿ˫ۿ޵ͨվſڣ
ôˣĿȥ
ߣ޳غһղķ䣬УĶ򡣡
ԡԲ𣡡Сʿ
ˣһСʿźԼĺŽ޳˾˳ȻǾΪԼһֱмؿ˰޳ŸһۣȻСʿʱãȻȥʱСʿչ˿νľϱ¶΢Цˣûʲôˣ
㡭ԭˣСʿųꡣ
Цŵͷ
лл㣡
СʿųؾһȻ˳ȥһɵؽŹϡ
꣡һϣ޳һƨ˳Ĳϣյ˵ǼͻˣҺΣϷûͻƣҩûٺȣô£
Ҳ˴ϣ󱳿ǽϣ΢΢Ѱ˼һµܹͻΪǵʵͣͻ˵ҪһЩκͱϷʱѾϵ߼۷壬ϵż۷壬ͻҪࡣ
ͣһ£˼һӦͻƵķ
޳κͱϷ۾һҲĿ⾼ΪҲҪ⣬꾹Ȼоһ
һ־ÿ߶֪ķƽˮĥۡ۵һȣȻˮɡ
޳Ȼ֪֪ǵڶ취
˵ڶ취޳ΪЩ̵ܹסκͱϷ̲סˣһ𿪿ڴߴٵ
ڶ취˵һݾҲҵһƲ⣬δؾȷ
˵޳Ҳ̲סˣݾ˭
ᶨ˵ܹ򵽵ڶ֣һܹõͻơ
顭
޳Ӵǻǣǲһȥģռȥһ¡
ҲȥԣʱǵѾȫָ˵߾ߣʮ˻·ͳҽԺ
ûעǡΪû˻뵽ǻָ˿졣Ǻܿģ
һ޴ĹһƬ򣬳ʮſϽԼоƬȻÿ˷һӡ֪ʱһӾͻᷢ𶯡Ȼͱ̳ᱻˡ
˽ӹ˲ϣ뵽ģ
ģмŴִӣǸ淢һƵʵǴ
ʱдԼǧϯض˿һۣ֪ԽǿǸӣЧԽáǴʱΧǸһȦһȦضˣʮֻε˺档
˷ʱ䣬Ҫֻ֪һСʱ֮󣬱һȥӦģһԼת
ʱڷɿţոս֮͸һ˿ʱǿӱóһΣȴ˿̴ͣӵվȥʱ޳ҲĿ͸¶δӵ˳
ʲôڳɳϣʵ
ոһ˿״̬ʱ䵽ˣ޳յ˵ǸģЧЧڻáô׬
½
԰
һ˵ŷӦ˹һ׬ǮֵĹʮ˸ԴԼĴԪռȡ˱ʼǱԣѸٵص½ʼ׬ȡֵķ
׬ȡֵķкȶ࣬иǶڳ˵Ŀǰֱӵķʽǽռȡ
ܹǧ˰ʮˣֻҪǳΪ˵ӣʮûгɹᱻ˳ˡ
ǧ˰ʮ˶ǻδʮڵߣĳʮ˾棬һĻˣ뵽ˡм¼˶Ѿȥռ䣬ֻں棬ȴ˳ʮǰ档
ʮǲ˵ǧ˰ȥռ䣬ôÿǰһͻõһ֡һֱ뵽һǧ֮ǰ뵽һǧ֮ÿǰһͻõֻ֣һֱǰǰ֮ÿǰһͻõĸֻ֡һֱǰʮ뵽ǰʮ֮󣬻ֻᷢı仯
ӵʮ뵽ھֱӵõһٸ֣뵽ڰõٸ֣뵽õİٸ֣뵽õ˰ٸ֣뵽õһǧٸ֣뵽õǧٸ֣뵽õǧİٸ֣뵽ڶõһǧ˰ٸ֣ȡõһֱӵõ֡
Щһӷ⡣ǿɲˣǿǶ˴Ҳ˽֣ʮǵʵԲ׵ĴڡǾȫԵõƵĻ֡
ɣռȥ޼ɻһȭͷ
ߣҲɳ
޳ֹס˵ǲ׬֣
Ϊʲô޼ɲ˵ʵ
ǵδ̫ǰõĻ̫࣬һЩ˵١
޳һڣ˵ɫǳѿ֪޳˵ԻᷢɽĿ˳ꡣĿ͸¶ᶨǵõٻ֣¾ʮ֣ЩҲŹǡ´ʱѾʼעˡǽ뵽ģʱûע⵽һע⵽ˣһڵȥռ䡣
ô죿˵ֳ֮ɫ
򣡡ֳ֮ɫǾȥռ䡣ռںģڶ򶷣Ҳ˵ֻҪǻ˻ֻ֮Ҫռȥһ·ģͰȫˡǽ뵽ģһֱѻȫĹٳ뵽ǸʱӦõʵδؾǡ
޼˫ȭһһ벻ǻһ·ȥʱһռſڣͱ˵ģȥȥһ䲻⡭Ŷﻹܹɡ
޼ͻȻɥֻϵ߲ܹУ޼ɲǺǾż
ʱҴɣ޳򶷵ʱڰʱ㲻Ҫܴ򶷵飬һֱģȥܾˡ
޼촽䶯һ£û˵ʲôӾ㱻˴ҲֵԼܣ֪Լһֻ۴ҡݺݵ߬סȭͷһźһҪǿ
ˣİƵߣ
ʮ뿪˳ıռȥ˿ߵķĿһȡֻʼкԼѡ
Ҫȥռ䴳ˡ



895
ܿ˴һڳռӶȥռʱѾв߱û磬һ´ųʮˣ·һǡ
˵ҲЩţû뵽Щ˵Ķ˿졣ȻѾҲֻкһġ
ռһ¥߽ⶰ¥㿴һ޴ǽϹʮĻʮĻһ֣Ŀǰǧ˰ʮ˵ֶ棬ʮ˵־
˸Ž˴¥ڣ治ҳҲûеõ֣ٳ˵ʱǶؾһУĿųʮˡ
Ҵʱвٵ˸вٶϵż۷壬Щ߶ڳʮ˵ܸߣϾʮڽĵܹߣ˾֤ʮ˾߱ûֵĿܣһֻ٣ܹһЩߣҲڶĸ֡
ѾνˣԼ˴ϲκΣաʮڷ̨ϽоƬκÿ˵оƬԱһЩַǣһһơ
꿴һԼĺƣдһ룺312
ʹҷ֮󣬳¥վһǰһ롣
312
оƬһ壬ȻƿֻһԲƽҵСݣһӣһΡϰڷһͷ
꽫ŹϣϣȻͷоƬͷϷһڣȻͷͷϡ
ǰ̳һƬҰֻ˲䣬Χͳһٸߣÿ߶Ǳͫ۷ʵųΧ˹
ͨѾ˽ռ䣬ʵһռ䣬ռڻὫμߵʵȫģߵĶִӱͫڿʼȻһٸͫ۷壬һɱжλá
ûҪͽʹǳȭԴǳȭ֮ûʹù
ಡ
Ȼź󷽱ˡһٸͫİΧз˳һٸͫڵ˾롣
顭
˫أһȭ˳ȥ
䡭
ųһȭȥƺƺһž޴ǳһٸͫڵѹȥֻһȭͽеıͫڵѹ顣
ûиһ˿һϢʱ䣬Χֳһٸͫ۷ߡɰ֮ǰķʽһȭѹ
ÿֻһȭȥһٸߡ
ҲóԼԼǳȭͬʱҲӵڴҪ֪ʱѹĻֻǱͫߣԳϵһ۷ʵ㲻ǳȭҲܹһٱͫѹֻһаˡ
ܿ죬ͽеıͫߣΧʼǼߡǼߣͬһȭѹһֱǼߣûһȭѹȭǼ߱˺Ǽǳȭ͸ˣҲֻǷЩˡ
ʱаڷ˱仯ЩȺע⡣ҲвٵĺǼкܶǰ˼ߣʱ򣬳ʮ˶ʼ½½Ρ
ٶģʱѾǧ߰ʮζųʱѾӵһٰʮ˸֡޳ȾŸ˴ʱҲȡ˻ٵĻ֡˵޳ǾŸˣǳһٰʮ˸־Ѿеۺˡǿܹģȥһٰʮ˸Сʱ
ʱȴûˬʱȻѾһǾż۷壬ûúܲˬȫûмǳȭ
ӭһٸϵһߣһٸϵһ߶һ۷壬ó˫ĿǳȭһȭһȭػȫӲ֮ѹǳҴѾ˵֣Щϵһ۷߸ͲǳĶ֣Ȼһȭȫ𣬵ÿһȭҲнʮ߱䱬
ǣʮȭ֮ϵһ۷Ѿȫ
Χ̳ϵģߣΧһϵߣȻоԵĵģҲóȻǰΧм䣬ʹ֮֮˰ΧȦȻٶʹǳȭͶԷӲ
ֱˣ
һ¥Ĵһ˵ĿⶼĻ֮ϣʱ˵ǧһʮһ
¥ڴ󻩣ζųѾӵپʮ֡һЩ˿ɲǸȤǿʼۺ
ֻҪʵһϵһеƶЧǳ֮˵ʹʵﵽϵ۷ʵԣȻû֮ǰһȭߣҲٻߡ
ҳ귢ϵǳȭǳȭСɵľ
401޼ժͷźҡҡͷֻǻϵһ۷ߣ㱻ռڵ߻ܡ
ʵǳаգЩϵһ۷һȫԽȫܣΪЩ߲ûзӵдʵҲ˵ЩģߣûʵǼܲסһٸϵһһӵϣһִҲֵסһٸϵһߵȺŹ
401س޼һ¥Ŀһɨ֪ȻֻԼһ˳ľŸ˻вһɥ
޼ɳˣ˺
ǧٶʮ
޼ɼæĻȥȻԼͣǧٶʮζٶʮ֣ӵģռӵٶʮСʱʱ䣬һֵֽ˿
СӣĻֽг
һȺΧ˹һ޼ֱӷһۣѰһط
СӣҪƲԳԷƣˣðѻֽոմҽԺɣζܰɣ
޼ɸɴ۾ЩһȻ˺쿴ǳǰˣ
޼ҲһĻȥ˵ǧŰһ
ʱռڵĳѾʼϵ۷ߣζڳ˵ͼֻ࣬ƾǳ֮ҲϵʵһٸԼһʵߣ겻֮ǰôɡ
ǳɿԲϵػһߣϵ֮֮ݰߵΧȻǳȭһȭһĻһߡÿһ߶ܲסһȭⲻóǳȭڴҪ֪ʱǳȭûдﵽСɾ磬ﵽСɾʲôЧ
ûдﵽСɾ磬ҲҪļ
һٶȶ˺ܶ࣬ҪϵذЩߵİΧȻѰһһߡ


896
308ҦԶժͷͬʱ309ƽҲժͷźҡҡͷ˴ӸԵķҦԶȴӷ¥ȥȻƽ
¥˱㿴޼ɣ޼ɿЦų˹
ƽҦԶаһǧһʮһǧһʮ
ƽҦԶһŴĻȥȻͬ޼˵ҦԶǧһʮƽǧһʮζҦԶİʮ߸֣ƽӵİʮ˸֡޼ɣ˵Ļֺһǧٸ֡
Χе˶һвƽˣƽȴǲͷذڰֵҿĻ
ͼһǧ˰һʮ
ʱռѾʼһٸϵļ۷塣оƺѾﵽԼļޣһ΢·磬֮֮ռʧˣʹˣǳȭģߵѾܹɱԷͨҪȭܹԷɱ
ǣȴɽҧؼţûжǱֻǵǳȭΪоǳȭҪﵽСɾ硣
顭
ɱ˵ʮϵļ֮ʱȭȻǣǸ֪еǳȻǴһȦȥƸ̲ͣصӵرѣԴǳȭﵽСɾ硣
ǲ
ųһȭڵڶٶʮŸѨϵıϺȻ飬ʵϵڣֻһӵǳ֮ĳһ֮ǳļʵһȭһȭغڵǳ֮ԶתʼһѨϳȥɱһߵʱѾִͨѨϡ
ʱ˲ֳһٸϵ弶۷ߡ
325ڣӢժͷԴź뿪˷䣬¥¥֮µڴĻѰ֡
ǧһһʮ
Լ˰СʱТҲ˵ǧһСʱӰ˳ͣڵǧʮСʱκͱϷȺ˳Ϸ˵ǧ˵ǧ
ֹ˴ԼСʱ޳˳˵ذ˰پʮ
ȻصȴԼȥСʱң洺˳ûɲˣδأǽǳȭСɾ磬ҽȫѨϴͨ˶ʮʵϵ۷塣
꣡޳Χ˹
Ҷ
Ļ˹ȥȻϾֳЦݡν˰˵ھʮ
ڸ֮󣬳ľһݡռ䣬֪ռļѡĳѾǱЩƳһ·ɱһϵż۷塣
ռû漶ߣΪԼͨصʱȴΧֳһٸߣһٸ߶ǼߣտʼЩ⣬ΪʲôгһЩǼߣڽ֮ˣЩ߶ǰŴһִԲ
˳ɴֱó˴ֳڵɾһֱִǼһ·ɱϵż۷һ
һϵż۷ɱֳ֮һٸǼߡȥԣ֪һٸϵһӵŴڶִԲ
ȻˣƾŴټĸֵһ·ͨء֮һΧֳһٸǼߣ´ӺǼ߿ʼ𣬶ÿǼ߶ӵŴִԲľ硣
һδ֮ͨ󣬳ڳΧϵߣҸӵŴִԲľ磬˳ƾҲֻɱϵ㱻ܡ
񿴵Լڵھʮ˵žʮ߸˿ԻʱЩǣǾʮ߸Ҳ׼ǵĻ֣ܹܵõ
һҪӿٶȣҲǴʱû
Ĳǰ߶ûһȫûпˣҲûйעǡݣѾʲô鶼ԳһǴʱģȥԼıڱչԼĹ


897
ΪǶ֪ʹศɵģһζһζУ֮Ĳ಻ܹ̫ѵ֮ƽ⣬Լʵкô
һ£ոս뵽˵߶Ὣʱ֮ϣǵִԲ֮Ǿͻʱֹͣתʼ߻ȥ߻ȥԪﵽһƽ⣬ߺѽһ򵽴Ҳ͸ѽ뵽漶
޳˴ʱѾƺŽ˷Ա̷ֿҲɵˣҽоƬԱ˼¼֮ɰ޳ͷŴſȥ
Сӣֽг
Ͱ޳ΣЩѾۺˣ̰ѳʮ˻Ƕڵһ
޳֮ǰõĻһߣһ˵Ҫ֣԰ߣ˭Ӯˣֹ˭
ɫ㼤ֺظųʮȥһ߻һߺСӣһ֪˺֮Ĳ࣡
޳ݲȵ߳˴ţЩ߳ŵߣûüΧʮ˾ٶ޳ȻһץԵ޼ɣȻԶɶȥͬʱŸҲ׷׷Ӷģķȥ
ȫЩߵԤϣֻһĹ򣬳Ѿɳȥ֮һ·̡
׷
ЩڷӦˣ˳Ƿߵķģ⻹ʲôģ˲֪ʮҪģһóʮ˳ɹʮ˲ѻֻͲ
ЩߴʱѾը˷Σ˫ĿðⱻˣϷζ治ܣһųʮ˵ķ׷˹ȥ
ಡ
ʮǰӣһȺʿ׷ϣһ׷һƿڴֻǲһӵʱ䣬;ĳ겻һסǣʱѾɳȥһľ롣
ȡǳǳ֮ͬһ㻩ڣǱǳлۣʽն
䡭
ں˼ǳһض·𶯣һŰĵâͬһƥһź׷Ӷ

ӣ
Щ׷ǰĶϵż۷߲ţʱɫһҲɶסһּǿĻϢ˹
⡭
ЩһѸٵȡ˸ԵıǵӶƥ˹ȥ
䡭
ռ䶼·иһ㣬ѵЩ߲סغˣڴʱѾԶģȥ
͸ŭ𣬵Ҳ¶Σ֪Ѿ赲ˡǵһ˿£һ˿
ղųһԲ֮Ǹֵܹġ˵ʲô
˵ǲǳĶ֡
ʱǲȻδʲô֮ǰǵֻ̰֮ǼǵóδŻ֣ȴ˻ʵ
Ҳֻǰ߲ܹͳһµȳӴʱֻǰʮ߲ܹƷꡣ
ǻȥ㱨ɣ

˴֮󳤳һȻʮ໥һۣһ𳩿شЦ
߰ɣҪ˷ʱ䣬ǸϽģռ䡣
ʮ첽̨֮󣬽뵽ģ򡣳ǧ߰ʮ֣Ǿǧ߰ʮСʱһپʮ컹һЩ
֮ǰռڣܹǳȭʱһֱǳȭʵǳȭӦ˵ʱŶѾѨϴͨ˵ڶʮΪϵ۷塣
겻ҪչȥϰΪʱľѾϵ߼ʱҪԼԪ
ͨѾ˽⵽ֻǳΪߵĵһ׶ΣҪ뵽һ׶ΣһҪҪִԲտһϣʮû˿Ĵʮ˰ߵݣ˳ȥ
ĳɵȻ˴Ҳûн򵽵ִԲֻóΪеһЩԱһΪ˷һ߿ϣһܹõͻơ
ֻһɵս˵ִԲǣֻǴһҪ뵽һҪһǾԪ;ﵽܹҲ˵ĳ꾫ﵽϵ߼Ĵ˵ִԲҲҪԪϵ弶ܹ뵽һ
ԣϣܹʱ佫ִԲȻ㽫ȫľԪ֮ϡ
ϥȺĺ棬ģʼ֪ͬʱغĴڵĽڿʼ͸
ʱڼžйȥ޼ɴӵվϼ˷ܣҲźٶʮСʱѾĸɾʵҲ˺Ǿż۷壬Ҵĵڶڡ
߳˴޼ɸɴ˴һһߵȴųȾŸˡΪȷԼһ߳Ļ᲻ᱻЩ֮ǰˣϷߺһ١ûбŰϰߣҲֻ
Ȼ˶ָָ㣬һмߵĸǰɫص޼ɰɣ
޼ۿһۣ۾ȥǡЩʿɫӵˡ
СӣǾϷˣǣ͵űʰɣ
ʱ򣬳Ѿ˵ֵʼŹ͸ܹоبԼǰϵıһ˿ɶ
İʮ߸Сʱ֮ҦԶ˳Ĵﵽ˵ڶڣΪҲϵһ۷塣
һСʱ󣬴ƽҲ˳Ĵͬﵽ˵ڶڣΪҲͬﵽϵһ۷塣ʱĳѾʼ͸ϵı飬ͨ˵ڶʮһѨϣϵ
߰ʮ˸Сʱ֮ӢҲ˳Ĵ˵ڶֵڡʵҲϵڡͬʱģڵĳѾ˵ֵڡѨϴͨ˶ʮ
˰ʮһСʱ֮Т˳һʵϵ۷塣˵ڶֵڡ֮ǰѾѪڣͨ˵ڶʮѨϡ
һǧһٰʮһСʱ֮Ӱ뿪ģռ䣬ʵϵļϵļ۷塣˵ڶֵѪڡ˲Сʱõһͻƣͨ˵ڶʮĸѨϣǴȴȫѪҺ𵴣ѪҺڷʱ䡣


898
һǧ˰ʮĸСʱ֮󣬱Ϸ뿪ģĽؿһ۳Σ˳ȥһСʱҲ˴ﵽ˴ڶִԲʵҲϵ˼
ʱڵֵѪڣʱѾ֪ӦһʱԾΪþԼѪҺڸıɫɫѪҺһ˿˿Ľɫ
ǧŰʮСʱ󣬰޳سʵȻûǴȴ뵽˵ֵڡ
ʱʹ࣬ڵѪҺ·ڷڣÿһѪϸڷ飬ڵĸ֯ȥͬһ㡣
ǧСʱȥˣͣѪҺ֮Уһ쳣԰סʱ򣬼˽
е˶ţ뿪ڵҪ뵽
ŷŷꡣ
ŵ졣
üͷ΢΢ʱֵؼʱʱ뿪ˣһжǰƾʲôռѵ뿪ǻﶯ֣
Ծǣڴһվȥһ߻һߵš
ѾԪ׼ĳ̣һٴﵽֵĴԲ
ǰһĽ˵ǰʮ߸Ѿﵽ˽ϿʸҲһͻƵִԲǰʮͶﵽ˽Ͽʸǰʮǰʮҵֻܹ
ܿЩ˾Ͷĵس˳ȥټģֻʣ˳һˡ˵Ŀ⡣Ǽǰߵ˿˳꣬һüͷų˹
СӣûҵĻ

ʱֵҪͷû˼ֻǺǳһֿʼ߶
һȴŭǸߡǸߵüͷһšֳ֮ɫݺݵغȵСӣҪΪҲܹ㣬Ϳšǣȵ뿪
üͷ΢΢һ壬˫ȴ̣ȴǰƮȥֱƮǸӵǰ棬
һӵĸǰ̸оӵǿѪҺı仯Ȼ١
Ǽߺ޺޵ؿųıӰҲûа취ﶯֻ֣صųꡣ
ģ⣬Щ뿪ģߣ͸ȥ꾹ȻǼǵߣǵϲһȻȻ׷
Ǹİɣ
ǽ꣡
֪ηȻҺǰʮԣµ֮󣬻ڲһˡ
ΪôĹ򣬵һʱ䣬ⲻɵ𣿡
ǰʮ𣿡޼ŭЩߵǿߣһǳŵˣѾʧȥ֮ģٺõҲ˷ѣҿǻ뿪˵ˣҪ˷Դ
Сӣ˵ʲô
Сӣ㲻Ҳ˳
У޼ƲƲǻùˣҾԲ뿪
СӣϴϷˣǵ黹û˽⣬㻹죬Ųδʮ궼ڴţһΣǴһΣ
Уĺú°޼ɵͻȻתʲôʱҶӭһڲϡ
˵ˣˣ
Χһ޼ɵҲЩ˵Ŀȥ㿴Ӵ˽ÿ˵϶ɢǿϢ
Ȼиཫ꣬Ȼ߽ģӸǰĳ걳Ӱ˵üͷ񶼵̵ĹͷеľѾﵽϵż۷壬ԪҲﵽϵ߼۷塣ŷԪﵽϵż۷壬ﵽϵ߼۷壬˶˵ڶֻǴ˶Ѵ˵ֵڡ˴ιΪִԲȻͨˣ뵽Ͽ
Ϊγǽ峡ΪܵߵĸţҲϣ̶ܹȵظ֪
ǣȴû뵽һ˲ʶȤ֮ˣ˵֮ˣȻҲȥһӸǰֻ۾˳꣬Ǵʱ˵Ҳûа취ӸǰطֱӵҺλá
ʱڴзɿĹȥӵеʱ仹ʣ¾ʮСʱʱеȻ˾޴ĺǺǸӲĹͻƵ˴ִԲ


899
־վĿɨһŷ죬ܹ֮ǰִԲ泩ǵĿ˳ʱһ
Сϲ֪ߵغ񣬾ȻҲԼСϾӦСϵľûоӦܵͷ
СӣҸոͻȱһĶ֣һ㣡Ƕ㲻ĳͷ
䣬л뿪ˣ߳ģԼǸ˵ﶢǸСӣСˣ֪ͨҡ
ǣ׸磡﹧˵׸Բ
еһЦ˰֣ߵеһ£۾ӦոͻƵľ硣
âһղеǷ˾򡣽˵ò£ٴγļ
ֹʮСʱңŷϴ˾޴ĺǸӲ˹ҲͻƵ˵ִԲشӵվؿһ죬Ȼؿһ۳꣬ȥ
˴֮⣬˱ĿϵУ˹ȥҲ۾ŷ꣬¶һ˿Цݡ
ϲ
ͬϲŷеԣдһ˿ЦУҪԸֻСϣ
ӣҲš飬ҪõͷôŷҲȤ
ŷҡҡͷûȤаǽϿĿˣһǰѾΪϡǶߣϿǾߡܹһЩҲڽϿ۸
ǺǡЦЦ۾ŷĿ˸һ£Ҳû뿪ͬ۾
䡭
ϴ˾޴ĺǸӲ˹ĴͻƵ˵ִԲû뿪ʱ䣬ִڲͣشͨڵѨϡ
顭
ؿѨϣһֱͨڶʮͣϵļ֮ǰﵽϵ۷塣

곤³һһ죬컹֮СϢƺﵽִԲҲԶת뿪ģһ߳޳˾ӭ
꣬ô
ţ΢ЦŵͷȵңҰѺƻȥǾͻȥ
СӣͻȻڳǰЦ˵Ͻ׸ڵ㡣
Ŀ˴ſ۾˹˵ĿڿһеĿɱĿȴս⡣
ûͻƵϵʹִԲʱֻܹڵذʮĴͻƵִԲԪﵽϵ۷壬ҲҪһսԼǰʮжٲࡣ
վΣŴȥҲջĿŷ̨ȥǰ˶ÿ˵·Щ֮ǰʮϷˣߣʱҲ˱ҪŰ꣬ﻹֵǳ֣
˷̨ƺоƬȥԱ𿴺ƣȻоƬϲһ£оƬݸ㻹ʮ˸֣
лл
оƬ԰޳˵߰ɣ
ڵ˶ӿȥǰʮҪֲ֣ܹ
˵ˡ
ʵҲڵڰʮһܹнּУܹѧЩԺܿھͿһˡ
ߵ˴⣬㿴ڶվһȺˣΪ׵ˣһУһŷꡣ
ߵ˵Ķ棬¶˸߰ս⣬Ŀɨкŷλôսսһϣ
ˡΧһ
Ű
ǰȻҺУŷô˵
Ҳ˵ڽģ֮ǰ˵ڰʮ˵ͻˣܹУŷһս
Ҳкŷ공սְ̫ˣ
ˣû취ȵŰһ٣Ժ֪ˡ
ŷɫҲһ㣬̶Цҡҡͷֻǿֵģ
ɫͬһ㶣漴Ͱŷһߣһȡǳǰʮߣ겻һ˿һĴ⡣ǳб࣬Ŷеɣ
е¶һ˿мʱѾþʵֻϵ۷塣һϵż۷廹ñ
ĵһȦų˹ȥһȭɳǳٰѳĹͷ顣
һȭѾ˴ִԲ
ɲЧսϡƵʵܹ˲ֵĹͷﵽһ磬һȭȫ԰Ѷһ̲ࡣ
ಡ
αˣָУһ
ȡı
иûͣڳ˵ɲǼ䣬ڵһ塣
顭
αͬһгһŶĳ˹ȥеȭͷͬһųźȥ
һ棬ɣһȭͷϣܹͷ򱬡ǳ֮ͬһ㻩Ǳǳڻۣ𵴶ʽк
ԼѾԷˣԷ⣬Ҳûʲôÿġ
䡭
ƻδڿб죬УĵƺƺرϢͬ׷ĴţŶɱеͷն¡
˲䣡
еɫˣоĵƾŽһƣһ˿ңһбһѳǹ˫ǹһʽὭųһ⵲ȥ

ײԶԶشΧ˲ʧϡ
顭
еÿһͽµĵȳһӡĿһΪǰʮߣܹӸղŵǹཻ˲оӶԷĳǹдһֹһĽȻԼƻ⡣
顭
Ѹ̤ǰʽһն˳ȥưУһΨӲӣͲܹȡɵĸо
евһ󷢿࣬ʱ֪ԼС˶ԷԷȻʵֻϵǴȴԼһ˵ִԲľ硣ҶԷĵкһ֮쳣Ȼϵż۷һĻŻŵĸо
䡭
˫ĵǹһνӴ꽫һһʽѾʧȥȻȫѹŴ˫ֻѾѣѪ
ǲ뷴ֻҪܹһ£㿪ķâܹзһԼܹһܹƣ
ǡ
ĵطǳĵƷ·ƿһƬأȻһֶ㲻Ҳ޷ֱֻӭܹһն顣


900

˫ĵǹסؽʱѾǽ˵Σзһ˿ɬĿǰʵʽֻܹʩչߴΣ֮Ԫάʹڰ˴Ρ
ڴ˿̣һʹʽͻȻһ˿һֱҪơ״ȭȡ粽뵽
֮󣬾һֱŽơ״ȭȡ粽Ҳ뵽Уֻһֱûҵںϵ
ǡ
Σ֮ʹ֮ںϵӷѿˡ
ʱԺз·һ磬İļʣһе˲ͷ
һ̣
еУʧˣҲʧˣ·һִ׵
⡭
еɫüΪѿٷأ˫һšǹͬһХȫǱкܹ뵽ǰʮȻһϵż۷壬ԼǹһֿԽսǹ
䡭
һеĳǹַɳεɶ𣬰һѪڴͷѵ
顭
еӿˤ˵ϣɾǿûлȥֻԼ˫ȣ˫ۣ߹ǶѾѣֻܹǿ̧ͷ˳ꡣ
һֽ˵ϣɫ԰ףҡҡλΣ·һ磬ͻ
еһ˿ûڣͳոսֵʱ򣬳ȡĻᣬ˳ꡣ
ţһʼӳ꣬Բܡͷڵϵ˾ͲУǳꡣ
ԳղűһʽҲаսʩչһʽ֮״̬Լȫܹܳꡣ
ûڰ
б۾﷢ģӽ¾һͫߣҲóԼȫһѪܵĿΡ
ŷ㶵Ŷҡҡ׹ĳ꣬еԸӡֽʱ⵹һҲ뵽
ô
ŷ궼ԼΣһôӵô뺷սֻϵ۷塣
Ȼ䣬һղſǿѾ˵ֵĴԲĵҲܻС
һոս뵽˵ˣȻѴ˴Բ硣
Ƕôԣ
ŷ۾΢΢һֻܹãΪСò˶ܹ뵽ϿȻܺԼһ꣬ߺĿУһ˳ͨ
ΧЩ߶ˣ̫ˣЩ֮ǰʮˣϷߣԭŵųǳ֮úʰһ٣Ǵʱȴúë
顭
һӰ˳ĸǰЩ̧ͷ˶Էȴеĸ
ϵż۷壬һִԲʱվڳǰֻ޾ķŭ
еļ˳ߣҲ׳ƵԲзۡУΪʮΪԼе׷߶
ǡ
ڸղţǰСϾȻеż񣬾ȻеżˤڵͬܡܲˣһҪѳڵأԼĽŲڳϡ
꣬Ҫ
غΧ˾һ㶡ˣЩ˵Ҳ¶һ˿Ȼ˭ܹѾǿ֮ĩ˵һϵż۷壬´ʱһһ߶ܹ
һȴ¶Գ궯ֱ֣ˣҲȥǳȴ֪Է˵ģӶԷпɱԷҪɱѾ˳ʱѾǿ֮ĩֻһĿģǽɱ
ȭͷѾ˿ͬڵƣųź˹ȥ
顭
һֻȭͷӳԱߺ˳ȥȭͷײһ𣬼ĺˣһҪڵءһִֻԱ߽סһѵĶ𣺡꣬ʱǲӦʱдһ°
Ǹһ˿΢Цȥֻ֪סԼ˵޼ɡûȥתͷ޼ɣ˵ǰǸ
޳
ŵŵš
ĵغ˼޳ǺһʱˣôûһЩʱѾ֣Ķ֣



901
ﱩһڵһ̤
顭
عѣα˫ǰһա
ϣ
һУڿȫչȻһʿһߡ
޳ѾȡһѺݵĳֱſµĴ󽣽˹ȥ

⾫׼ش˴󽣵ĽУ𶯶
ˡ
͸оһ޿ƥе˳˫ֵĴ󽣳˫ۡ
顭
˫ըѳѪףѪεɶ䵽ĺˣһò԰ף˫Ҳòס󽣡
ॡ
ֵڵϣ˫Ŀ¶˿־壬޳мٷŴ
顭
޳һȱֱǰأ߾عǵ֮һα߷˳ȥڿлһߣصˤڵϣ˹ȥ
һƬž޳ӿ£˳꣬¶΢Ц߸ߵơ̧ơ
ž
˵ڿĻһϾ㶼¶˲õЦݡ
ųʮȥıΧûȥ꽫л˲䣬ЩҪŰ˵˼Ǵǿ֮ĩǿİ޳Ҳ˫ȭѵ֡ǣǽʮ˴ˣȵȫָأ
ǾǳһѰǣŰʱ̡
ֻҪߵȨȴûɵΪһǿС
Ȼϵˣк̧˵ܡųıӰͻȻ꣬һϿ㣡
ĽŲһ٣ȻͷҲûлصؼǰȥ˽ͻ˱ԻصԼıոմģͻƣҶҪ
ϥڴϣȻʳ֮ǳҩʼָԼԪһ߻ָһ߻Ÿղһ
һһֱҪڰʽʱѾЩģϵԺлһʽʶþģһй켣ļ仺ʡ
Ŵϡ
һ֮ԪѾָ۷״̬һ·һ
ʶȴƽڰʽй켣ԽԽơ״
ȭȡ粽İںϵýڰʽʶ֮С

곤³һ˫ۣ˫֮͸¶ϲɫӵڰʽսַһоԼܹǰʮһս֪ȻܸԼȴδʵԼԼڰʽ֮󣬾㲻ܹսʤУҲӦܹԱԼԪͻƵϵļаջС
һ뵽ֻǸոͻƴִԲǰѾ߸ͻ˴Բоһ߸ʵҪԼǿһǰ㡣
ҪӿͻԪ簡
Ӵԣ˵Ե½鿴һռģĵطһңԪĵطһǾҡ
ҪߵԪҪǰȥͬҪ֡һͬһСʱʱ䡣
Ҫȥռ׬ȡְ
ȡ˵绰ϵ޳ˣǲҲҪȥռ䣬ϾҶͻƣӦöܹǰǰһЩΣ׬ȡһЩ֡
Ȼ޳һһ˳¥¡Ӵڳһʮռȥ
ʱǲĵ֪֮ǰһսѾվ˽Ÿ׵Ƿս
Ȼһ·˲ٵߣûǷսһһЩǴк
Щ˵ʮȥռʱ򣬲һռ䡣ҪΪȥ괳صģϴһδؾͳ嵽˵ڰʮһδأ֪᲻ᴳǰʮ
ĴǰʮǾһ漣ݹ˴ӽҲڵһڴǰʮһڵһõĳɼ˵ڶ˾̰ڵһ괳˵˾ѾϿ־Զڵһ괳˵ʮ
뵽Ų¾Ѿ˵ڰʮڶδػﵽʲô̶ȣ
ܶ˶ԳǳڴΪǰʮУ˵н뵽ǰʮʸ
ų뵽ԽԽ࣬뵽208䣬ͷ֮һ¥ѾˣǵĿⶼĻϳ֣漣ķرһЩˡʱѾЩ˽Щ˵ż񡣶ҲΪǿ֣ЩӺùࡣǱ˭ڴܹǰʮ
ռڲսţǳȭǳȭѾСɾ硣ΪСɾ֮оСɵǳȭѾԽһ׵ܣڴǳȭгɾ֮󣬻᲻Ծһס
ǽȴóʧֱǳȭѾӦ˳ֵģߵʱǳȭҲûͻƵгɾ磬ȴǲϵС۷ƽ
ˣˣζˣ
һ¥ڽĻߺδӰʮʮʮʮʮһʮʮʮʮʮ
е˴ʱס˺ڱƽʮʱռڵĳȴо˼ѡԼռڵαԷɱ˳ռ䡣ժͷźҲ˷ܡ
źǳȭûͻƵгɾ磬˷ܵڰʽѾô졣
߳208䣬ߵ¥£Щ߿¥ʱ򣬾㶼ɷһź̾Ϣֱѳ̾Ϣһһ㶵ġ޼ߵĸǰļȻָĻָָĿԼ֮ϣȻĿһתԱߵϡ
ʮһ
Ϊʲô̾Ϣ֮ϣҲЩźϾֻһܹǰʮиǾ裬Ͽܹ˵ʵеĶ֣Ϊе־ڵڰϡ
һ֤˳Ʋ⣬еԼ´ʱڲϵľͲУԼ
һֽȸϮͷ֪ȵгԺ֮󣬻᲻ԼԼгԺ֮ǰҲҪԼʵϵϵļкнֲܵĿܡ
ȥһ֮ǰ
ǰʮڰڣÿǰһͻõĸ֡ǰʮӵһʮ֣һʮСʱ
һ֮󣬰޳Щ˶ǰңǴʱѾ֪ԪľԽЧԽáǾŸߣֻǸոձʮֵͶ˵ľ磬ҪȻȥԪ


902
߽һͨ˷̨ǰԷС΢ЦʵС㣬пյ𣿡
С㿴һۣ۾ͻȻһǸ˳ꣿ
һ±ӣĵԼô𣿾ȻһҷС㶼ʶԼкõص˵ͷ
ۣС㲻Сؾ̾һ̫ˣȻ¾ʹ˵ʮһ
𣿡겢˽˵С˾̾Щ졣
ȻˣС¶һŵı֪֪˵ʷֻڽһ괳ǰʮһڵһ괳˵ڶ̰ڵһ괳˵ǰ־ԶѾ뵽Ͽڵһ괳˵ʮ񻹲¾ʹ˵ʮһԼ˵
СʹػһСȭͷóвЦǫ˵⻹ûнǰʮ
Сֵطһۣ˵ǻǰ϶ѽ
ЦЦûٺȥ΢ЦʵС㣬пյ𣿡
Ȼ
бһϲԼоƬ˹ȥСؽоƬ뵽в
ۣʮСʱҮ
Ҳ֪ǰСΪʲôô˷ܣδصõһʮСʱ֮ǰʣʮ˸СʱӵʮСʱ
ڷСİ£߽5ҡСվǰʵҪٱ
ʮ֮ǰѾõĴ㣬Ӧܹʮ
ۡ
εؿ첽߽ңֽعϡķСɿط˷̨Ȼڵϲһ5ڵʮȻ󽫵ϵĻ5ڣۿ5ڵĳꡣ
˹涨ÿڶмأǺе߳ܲסѹˣҲ̾Ԯ
ʱվҵ룬ѹĸоһصʮʮʮʮ
һȫλѹȵѹĸλ˫Ų˵վţ˫ȭֿʼû·ػţû·ʵȴ˴ƵĹ켣·شƶС
̨ǰСͣаⶼʲô˰ʮȭǡʲôȭôһ·ûа
ڵĳͻȻܹͣûһӵʱ䣬ȻǷСͼſ˹
ôˣѵܲסѹ񰡣
űƿˣԴ˵С㣬ܹʮ屶𣿡
ʲô
Соһ㶣˰һĹҲֻʮһνҾʮ屶
㡭˵ģ
Ȼصͷ
ǡðɣ
лл
꽫ͷ˻ȥֽŹϡСĿĻϵĳϣֳһ˿ǣȴǰճҪʮ屶
ûеһӣƿŵʮлл
һӳٴ̽Դʮ߱лл
ǲһӣԴʮ˱лл
ʮűлл
ʮлл
СѾľˣʱѾû˵ǣȫ𾪡ʲôȻȵһõߡ֪ǳûǿΨбǿȾǳ֮ĴѾﵽһ˿ֲĳ̶ȡ
ʱվҵ룬ʮѹϣβоһЩѡܹܵļ֮ڡ
ʮټһͻᳬļޡոպãȻʱֹʱûдﵽļޣǵһʱӦþôﵽļޡ
궯ˡ
ǿƺ·ǳȭ
һ̸оܵѹﵽļޣͷ˲˺ˮȴǼΪ⡣
ּ޵ĸоܹͷųǱ
һȭһȭ
ڵԪΪԭءͬʱҲһһرøӴ⡣˫ȭͬεקʮֳǳȭİȴδй
ڵǳеǳȭ಻˾ڵϢһ˿ˣȡһǳҩͲ̷֮һСʱһСʱ
ִţ


903
ڣǳȭͻƵгɾ磬ͬһʱ̣ԪͻƵϵļϲ֮࣬ȻогɵǳȭԾ׵
һСʱһСʱȥʱλСѾעˣһµʱ䶼ڴһȭʧȥȤ
ʱ10ҵķŴˣһ׳˳һͷ³һֱ뺷
ߺף˰ڵﵽϵż۷壬Ԫͨչ´ﵽϵ˼ڡ
ʱ־Ҳֻйܹʹʮʹʮ屶Ѿ˵ڶµıչأӦÿԼǰһ塣
һ˳ߣһ߿һϵʾעڵıһǶʮʮģߺ׵ƲƲ죬Ʋȥ컹ûջɫһ5ϵʾʾʮ֡
ļٵģ
ߺƲȥػָԭ״ӵǲšֻǺصŸߣ֪˭档
ѵǹ룿
ߺջĿ⣬󲽵ŷ̨ȥ˽ŲǸСתͷ˸ߺף̸еЦݵչؽˣ
ţߺֻǵͷȲʵ5˭ǹ𣿡
СʱѾѳˣʱߺ𣬲Ȼҡͷǣǳ꣬
ꣿ
ߺüͷչ£Ͳ֪뵽֮¡
һˣոս뵽¡СϽ͵
ʲô
ߺ׵ϳ˾ȣһ˲µʱ䣬Ȼʮңȫšüͷ˼һʵʲôʵ
񴫵ϵ㡣
ϵ㣿ôܣ
ߺ׵ֳһ˿ŭ⣬Ѿ϶СˣϷһССķԱȻˣϷ
С㿴˸ߺϵŭоһΪһС㣬Ȼ֪Щǲģæ͵ⶼģѾռ䡣
ߺ׵˫ĿһʲôΣ
ʮһ
ߺ׵һŭǰСں޹˼ɵϷˣŸߺױŭףСò԰ףæɨһ۵5ŷͼȻͰ͵˵СһСʱͳˡŵʱԼ
ţߺ׵ɫһ㶣̶ŭãҾ
䣬ߺߵԱһ£Ŀ5ŷţ³겻֪ʲôʱˡ
һСʱȭĳоϵѹɢȥȫͶĳһ㶣̶ŷӦӦԼʱ䵽ˡ
ҡҡͷЩźʱǳȭڱƽɾ磬ȫѨҲͨ˶ʮʵﵽǳļ۷塣ٸһЩʱ䣬˵ܹǳȭɾ硣
Ӧÿȥռ˰ɣ
굱Ħȭƿ˳Ȼ㿴һֺӵԼǰ´
Ǹߺףľϵż۷壬ֻþһɨ֪ǰ˵ľϵ߼۷壬Ԫϵļ۷塣
ǳꣿ
Ȼ֪ԷʲôˣȴܹӶԷϸоǿϢҲܹ֪Էûе⣬ͷǣ
ˣ
ǣ
£
ǣ
˰ʮһ
ǣ
ߺ°´ų꣬¶սдһ£
¶˿Цλʦ֣ǣ
ߺεһЦ˽Լҽиߺףϵż۷壬Ԫϵ˼ڣִԲ˰
ץץԴȻϵż۷ľӦ֪ҵʵɣ
ǣߺ׳ʵصͷҸղѾþˣľϵ߼۷壬Ԫϵļ۷塣ˣĴʲôˣ
ִԲ
ߺȻ۾ԾصȻֲܹ˰ʮһҶԽԽȤˡôдһΣ
ˣ
ҡͷнǱƵģǰߺֻս⣬ȴûе⣬ûбҪͶԷ֡
ǳ겻ҪдԼҸôҲܹԼǿ̫ɣŰ
нֻȡһɣһܡߺڵ涼ԼǿҲһԽս似Լں֣ǿŰԳܾ̾˶Է
ûߺ׵д˲ˬͻȻ۾һҪһȥһռ䣬ͨռһ£ܿ԰ɣ
ã̵ͷҪȥռ䣬׬ȡһЩ֡
ߣߣ
ߺס˳꣬ȥεֻи˳ȥռȥ
˲ڴϣ࿴ǵ˶ֳ˳Ծ֮ɫʲôʱ͸ߺ׹ϵôˣߺ׿˰Щǰʮĵӱ˵Ʋˣ˶ûз
֪ǰʮĵӲƲˣҲƲˣǵֻʵǿˣܹڽµʱھʹ˵ʮһԿøߺӡ
Ҫ֪ο˰ʱ䣬ȴµʱ䣬󣬳һʲô
ռ䣬Ȼܵȡ207䣬ߺ׽208䡣
һ¥ڵֿʼ˵ǳ꣬ߺ׵Ҳ١Ҷ֪ߺѾչˡγ֮󣬾ǰռ䴳أôҶǳڴ֪ܹڼ
֪᲻ᴳڶڵһûȥ룬һʵ˭ܹԽ
ڳ꣬ҲҪܴܲǰʮ
ʵѾϵļ۷壬Ϊǳ֮ԭսʵѾﵽϵ߼۷壬ټǳȭгɾ磬Ѿܹͨϵż۷һսռһֱǳȭûϣͨʵսܹǳȭ嵽ɾ硣
ǵʼͬӵдִԲߵʱ򣬾ͿʼˡΪһһߣһһٸԵʼϵż۷ߵʱʱϵļ۷ʵʹʵֲ̫ˣʹԵһٸӵдִԲϵż۷ߣҲ쳣͡
ûдһأɱʮ˸֮ռ屻ˡ


904
ժͷ˳208仹ʾˣ㿿ǽϵȴŸߺסûм¥ȥԼΡԼܷǰΣҲûжգȻεսҪԺùϴΣȴ֪Ҫǰʮסʮ͵ʮһֻһΣʵȴȴͬء
һСʱ208Ŵ򿪣ߺһˬش˳˳˹೤ʱˣ
һСʱ
ߺ׵Ͼֳһ˿ʧҡҡͷ֮ǰĲ໹ǴЩҿԵ㣬ȵʵǿ֮д衣
ã
ͷ粢¥ȥһߵ¥£û߾ͽĿ˹˵ߺ׾öˣǳҲȫȻһ£ͬʱĿĻ
ߺף
꣬ʮ
ɫһû뵽ԼǻᴳǰʮҲˡŷͻ֮һռ䣬ǱԼˣûлռ䡣ŸԼǰʮĻᡣ
ߺ׵Ĵ˿Цǰһ
ִųļû뵽Ľ뵽˵ʮǶԽԽڴˡУȥдһ¡
˰ɣҡͷ
ѽߣȥһ
䣬ҲӦųȥεҡҡͷҲߺ׾һӣ˼ʮֵ˶ʮֵཻҲٵִһ͸ߺд裬еսҲȻԵĸߺ̸о˳ս⣬ſһЦŶ
ͬʱսսҲɶƵذȻսڿײ糾Ʈ
¥֮ڵȻ˳ȴһʧȥһңζǿ˱ԡ
ⲻܲ˵һ޴ź
Ҫ֪ĳѾܹȥˣǵʮǰʮߵĶײǶôѵðǰʮѾܾûйдˣܹһǰʮд裬ÿһ˵ܹõ
ǣûа취Ψдźȥ
͸ߺһңʱԶضԸߺ˵֣ҵʵԲĶ֣һȭټڵǳһȭܹͷųϵż۷ʵǣҲֻһȭǲһΪ޿ɺã
ֻǺ͸ߺд裬ȻҪʹǵһʩչԼղס
ãҾͽһȭߺ׵۾һ
겻˵˾һ߰ս˳͸ߺ׵սڿײߺ׵ֳ˷֮ɫ꣬ʵΣսȴֺң
顭
̤ǰһһȭ˸ߺסߺ׵Ŀһ̸оһֺƺĴƣִƾҲһָоܲãΨӲƴ
ǣϲġ´ЦһȻҲ̤ǰһһȭӭųȭͷ˹ȥ
顭
ȭͷݺݵײһ𣬸ߺ׵ĸо·ײһ֮ϣǸĸоȷʵԼˡ
ŵŵš
ĵغҡҡλεվסΡ˫ͷĹâ֪ԼˣҰܵ޻˵ʮߺӦֻóˮƽĵƸûʾԼ֮⣬ǳȭѾǿĹˡ
Ȼǰʮûһǵģ
ĸߺȴüͷų꣬ƾһȭʹʮǲǻûоȫ
ֳ˿ЦаǰʮߣȻû˿Ŀܡ
֣һһʽеҸոմԼղá
ʲôߺ𾪵ų꣺Լ似
ţ
ߺ˫ĿŹ侹ȻܹԼʽҪ֪ܹʽǸһʦһͷӺǣûмôܹʽˣһҪʶʶ
ɫЩΪѵ֣һİղá
Ұɣߺ״ֵ˵û£㻹˲ҡ
ߺһҪԣһɫ˵ãȻҪд裬Ǿָ㡣
ǾͿ㣡ߺ˷ܵȡһѴ󴸣С
Ÿߺ˷ܺʹֵģЩЦáߺ׺вһԳ껹ǿѵ֣ҾһʽдܣסҽԺ
ʲôдˣߺ𾪵ų꣬ոձչسǲ֪顣


905
Ǹʱһϵ۷壬Ѿϵļ۷塣
ߺ׵ɫʼԴ꽫ҪһС
ɣ
ã
Ҳȡǳǳ֮ڡͬһرڣǱĻۣڰʽڿлһ뺷Ĺ켣һƬ֮ΧĿ
ŰƣϢŶĸߺѹ˹ȥ֪ƣߺ׵ɫӵأ˫΢΢ζеĴ󽣣Ǵ󽣻ζĹ켣
䡭
һȥͬһʴ䡣ͬʱߺ׵ĴҲͬһԴһɶȥ
һƬѵܳײײ¡¡죬ЩҶ漶ߵƣ¾ͻᱻʹˣĹԱҲ֮ɫ
¡¡֮ɢνǽϣϵɫһʹģΪղűߺ׺ɣ󱳺ݺݵײǽϻ
ߺվ룬΢΢۾ƺڻζŸղųһʱĳ걳ǽҲ΢΢۾ڻζŸղŸߺ׵һ
˶·ֹĵܡ֪˶ã˼ͬʱ³һߺĿ͡ų˴Ĵָ
꣬˲𣡡
ߺûóȫǳȴż뵽ǳԴģԳ˾塣ͬҲζս֮еõ˼ضĵھʽһģ뷨в̾Ȼ˰Ҳ֪Էûóȫߺ׿佱Լ겻¶һ˿ЦҶֵóȫʲôÿ佱ģ
һߺ˴󽣵ʵ͡ʵһЩֻһףﵽϵ弶۷壬δĶ֡Ҹһ飬ȥͼݿ
۾һ֮ǰͼݵõЩͼݹӦøΪɣ
ллϵ˵
ߺ״һڵڴ㾡ͻƣǸʱҲôʹ졣
ã
ҲˬĴӦ˫Ŀһ˲ȻЦ
͸ߺ׷֣ߺ˵Ҫȥһʱ䣬ȻȥҳӸߺõвʱ׿ˡֻҪִԲԪ׵߾ͿԽϿ
һԼıȥһ˼ԼڰܲͨˡѾ˵ִԲһû˿⡣Ϊϵ߼۷壬Զȴֻϵļ۷壬ҪͨˣͱԪΪϵ弶
Ӧûɣ
ճʱȥͼݣȥһ֮׼ȥңȽԪ˵
صԼıȡֻ鿴һ£кܶ޳Ƿţһ䣺һˣ
ӵʱ䣬޳Ÿ˾Ͷ˳ıЦеʵô
޳ɥҡҡͷЩ߳ʵ̫ˣǵľ൱񼶱𡣡
۾һٶȲ˰
ô¶޼ɿյ˵ǸҶźܴĺôȴܹͻ񾳽ľء
ʲôʵ
ҺãТʼǵɽеõһЩҺ޼ӦǴõһЩҺİ²ͻƵ񾳽硣ǡ
˵ТüͷǵõҺûж٣ò˶á
΢˼һ£ԼڵҺν֮ߣΪԼǸصĴʯͷϵ۳ҺǰŸȫԼİסȻҲܸ̫࣬Ͳϧ
ǶжҺ
޳¶һ˿ҵɽջ񻹿ԣƿܹ¡
һ뵱󲿷ֵҺȡˣȻʣµҲĴˣ£޳ܹӵµҺʵжǿ
ϷοЦǾûаʦˣǵҺԼܹʹһ¡
Ҿ͸ˣܹʹܰɣӰҡҡͷ
ТЦ˵Һͳȥ磬ҵҺܹʹ¡
˶ĽТ졣ӢƽҦԶɬ˵ǵҺԼֻһܵˡ
˵Ŀⶼ޼ɣ޼ɲ˼ץץԴҰָһЩԼܹʹð꣬ٺ١
һƴʱİ˲̾
˼һ£Сװ˾ƿҺȻȡϵﻹһЩҲࡣÿһƿԼܹԼһʱ䡣
ģ
˴ϲ׷һƿӴ򿪣ȻҺѸٵؽӸϣȻһ˳ꡣǿ֪ҺĺôҪڹص쾫ҩЧãͲʯܹõġǵĶν޴󡣰޳һǸƿų˵꣬ҾͲ˵ˣԴӺʶõĶһҲ𡣴Ӵ˿ֻҪһ仰Ұ޳Ϊ㸰ǡ
Ҳ׷׵ͷǵﶼʮףڽ뵽֮ǰ֮ܵڳ꽫ķڸǣܲܽ뵽˶˵Ҵӽ뵽֮󣬳ûٸǸҩóҺذǵֵܣΪֵܸʲôԥģ
װЦд½Ϊأ
ֻҪ㲻Ҫɱϰ֣Ҿͦ㣡޼ظ˵
˲ôЦЦ޳˵꣬оΪеһ죬Ǿ㲢ΪС
ӿһɸжֽһĵú֮ƻ֮󣬷׷ȥһ죬ٴҡ
ֻĸСʱʱ䣬ܹоĸСʱѾ㹻ˣΪͻǳȭĴɾѾܽˡȻڽСʱ㽫ǳȭͻƵ˴ɾ磬漴ƿϵ弶ıϣֻǴͨ˵ڶʮѨϡ
Ѿ˷ܣֻҪͨؼѨϣôڲ֮ǳҩİ£̵ʱͻƵϵ弶۷塣
뿪ңصԼıʼʳ֮ǳҩһ֮󣬳Щε۾Ϊ鲢ûôá


906
Ҳûʲôõİ취ֻĥʵٶѾˡֻǺԼǰٶȱԵһЩҪñ֪ʱٶȣǵõһӲɡ
µʱ䣬ȫѨϴͨ˵ڶʮĸʵϵ弶۷塣
ǳȴ¶һ˿ЦԴıڵľ֮ʶ͵ƺһĻͨʱԪҲֻ֮ķȲ羫Ԫʱ򣬾Ҳ֮ͬٶԶԪǳԪΪϵϵ弶۷壬ȴҲڰľƵϵ˼ڣ˺Ԫ˾롣Ҫĸºͨˣ뵽Ͽͱ뽫Ϊϵ
ȥռ䣬Ӧܹ׬ȡһЩ֣
⣬뿪˱ռȥ뵽ռʱЩ߲ɫһ㶡
Ŷã
ôˣ
ռ䣿ѵͻˣôܣ
˹ŹֵĿУ¥ȥʱڴſڴһŭ
꣡
ͷһȴСоµƣڻָ塣Ϊ˴ռ䣬ҽԺʱѾ˵괳˵ʮǰʮǵʮһбһɻԲųʵԼǿϴˣΪԼ˳꣬ԼһЩɵҽԺľ;ԲУǳꡣ
֪ΪԼˣûüͻ֮ȥռ䣬óҴ˵ʮֻҪԼȥһΣͻѳԭΣǰʮ
ξҪȽ꼷ǰʮȻȥսѳҽԺһѩǰܡʱ˳꣬еŭ
꣬Ҵռ䣬ɸٺһս
ֻǻͷһۣջĿ⣬¥ȥȫСʱĳУѾϵ弶۷ĳѾĶ֣ȫѵȫʩչҲǳĶ֡
ԣе˷ʱ䣬Ȼ˷ʱ䣬Ȼѡӡ
꣬𣿡ںŭ
ͷҲûص˵γ˵ɣ
ãжݺݵ˵㲻Ҫߣȥռ䣬ܿͻ㼷ǰʮ
䣬дҴҵŷ̨ȥҡҡͷѾߵ¥ϣ205ȥһ¥ڵ˷
˰ʮŵʮһ˭֪оеʮʵϴγеĽ棬Щ˵Ҳ˳еʧǰԼϣӵĳꡣ
ЩҲǾӢôûУ
Щ˲ű˷ܡʵΣǴְ
뵽205䣬ϣͷ뵽ռ䡣ϵ弶۷壬ǳֱӴﵽϵ˼۷ʵټǱѾﵽϵż۷ʵ
ʵϾֻϵ弶۷壬ҪϵԽ漶ǸͲܣ漶ϵһ޴ĺ蹵ԭǳȭѾﵽɾ磬ȫԽսǴʱʹڵǳȭоҲֻܹﵽ벽漶ˮ׼ʹڰʽӦÿԴﵽһˮ׼
ǳȭ벽ʵһֱһأһٸӵдִԲϵż۷ߡγһֱǳȭǳȭرƽ˴Բ硣
һٸߵΧջʹЩźܹټһᣬһܹǳȭͻƵɾ硣
ǳҲģֻҪһأͻõһЩ֣ЩȥҾһܹͻƵԲ磬ΪԲѾǳˡ
ֹȥһСʱ󣬳ڴͨȫأ΢˷ܵժͷ˳ȥҲд˳
п˳꣬һЦ꣬׼ҽԺŰɣ
국ؿһۣ¥ȥҲ첽˼ͳ겢¥ȥ
ৡ
¥´еĿⶼۼ¥ϵϣеĿ˲Ļϣһ۾ͿԼ֡
ʮС
شЦƫͷų꣬ôҵʮˣջǱҼȥ˰ɣɸһս
ʱûΪʱѾԼ֡
ꡣ


907
΢΢üͷЩ⣬ΪʲôԼͨˣǵ壬ǵһüͷΪ꺦ˣشЦôˣ
û¥ݣֱŴȥ
꣡
ܻغ漴ɫͱˣΪִڵպܲԣĿⶼ͸¶һ
ǰڱϣʲôʱֵˣ
ѵ
еһĿⲻĻϵĵھȥ㳤һ
ǳ꣡
׸磡ʱĵĶ˵㿴
еĿŵ˹ȥȻʹ͵վﲻţ⡭ôܣ
һһ˼ţˡ
ٶȣ
ٶȡ
֮ͬͨͰͨصٶԼͨصٶӦŵ塣ǰĸߴͨصٶȳԼҲζǰʵӦóԼ
Ҫʵ
겻òȥңΪʱľְԪ˦һԼĻ֣ӵǧһٸ֣ӵǧһٸСʱ㹻꽫ʵϵ弶ϵ
һγңǸС˽ųЦݡ
5ÿţʮ𣿡
θҴʮԣ
ʮСźÿĴ۾ų꣬һŵģ
ţлл
꾶ֱ5ȥ뵽ңߵ룬Ŀվܿ죬оѹԼȵؼѹȡǳҩͲ̷֮֮ʮ
ѹڳ˵Ѿﵽ˼ޣֻ˲Ķͷϸ
ָо
һоԼķ֮ٶȶû֮УǳԪʼתÿһ˿Ԫ·һɽÿתһԪóˮ
建ضǳȭİļʣһȭһȭػصػ˳ȥ
ⶼʲô˰
С㲻ɾȵغھǸһ붼ܹʮ굹ãǽ뵽ʮңȭöǿǰ
Ҳһǿɣ
֪ô¶СһӾ뵽Ƿ棬ԾСһȣЩʪ˫ȲԾؼн
겻֪ƣһȭһȭţʱͣʳǳҩͲ֮һֱ۷״̬״̬Уʱȥ˰˰ʮСʱڽǳȭ˴Բ漴ڵڶʮѨҲ򿪣ʵͻƵϵ
겢û뿪ңйȥٰʮСʱ꽫Ѩϴͨ˵ڶʮʵϵ۷塣
ֻʮСʱεֵͣڶʮ߸Ѩϵıʮּ̣ʮСʱȻû˶˿ķ϶֪ϲǶʱܹͨġǱչŴ˹ȥ
˷̨С㽫оƬݸ˳꣬ʣһǧ˰ʮ֡
лл
ӹоƬתŴȥûиоλСһ˫ˮĴ۾ıӰ
ص˱޳˷˶ţһûл֪Ӧھڴϣ˼Լƻ
˵ʵִԲϵ˼ڣԪϵ۷壬Ѿºͨ˽뵽Ͽܹܲ¾ôŰɣҪѰһΪĵ·ܹǿϵ۷ؿϡ
Ȼ˸ߺ׺˵Ļ
ͼݣ
һӴӴϱҴ¥ͼȥ
뵽ͼݣһ㶼ǸֹѰ˼һ£㿪ʼһһЩʱͻȻһ뷨ȻԼȱΪԼǳԼƺ˹ؿϵ߲ıصԼǰ֪֮󣬻᲻ԼǳĹϵã
ϵ˼ڵľٶȷǳ죬ӵеĹҲֻ࣬һǧ౾꿴ü죬ٿҲһǧ౾ֻǿһٶ౾͸оͷǣòĽһµͼڵġ
ص˱֮󣬳˴ϣӿĵһʼһһһһںϣ֪˶ãѾȫһ֮С
ಡ
һӰ̨򿪲˽˳ȥ㿴ڴϵĳꡣҡҡͷߵ䴦򿪱ȡһƿɳϺ
ಡ
һ̨޼ɣͷ¥֣һӰ̨Ӳ˽ȥһƿɳϡ
޼ɣôˣ޳һʵ
ٺ١޼ɵЦЦѾǼľˡʦ֣ô
޳ͷҲǼˡ⻹Ƕ˳Һˣһڴϸʲô
޼ҡͷ֪ҲûжáҪҪ
ǲҪˣǸƺʲôǻǲҪˡ
˵޳üͷǶûлˣͲܹȥҡҪľǻ֡
̫ƽҡͷĻȥռ䡣ҲǼûʲôԪ绹ͣԭĳ̶ȣҲˣȥռ䣬Ҳǰǳ˰
ǰһͷ
Ҳܹǣһ
ѭȥһƣ˫ȴԵվҵſڡʱȷʵ˷ܣԼֻʮһʱ䣬Ͱһٶ౾Ĺںϵһ𣬴ѹʱһͬʱҲ޴ľϲ
ǳƺ¹ܸ٣һйƺǴǳֻġӵǳĳŽЩںϵ˿죬ͨںϽһʵĻǳε⡣Ǻبϵ߲ıƺҲһ˿ɶ
֮˰޳˵ĶԻ΢˼һ£뵽˰ǵİ취˳
꣬ʲô취ŸȻûмشɳϵļɫȴǷ
˹ɳϵҿ԰ľ硣ҿ԰Ƶʺͱ仯͵ǵڣȻǰƵʺͱ仯ͿˡǵĴõͻƣͿԼȥռ䣬õ֮ȥռ䡣


908
Ÿ˵۾ų˹â޼һ߾ͱĵ˳ǰ꣬
΢Ц޼ɣȻǲȥ޼ҳ˵˰ңÿ˶зݣûбҪʱ䡣
ã
ͷ˫֣꽫Ƶʺͱ仯͵޼ɵڡСʱ󣬳ɿ˫ƣȻˡ
̫µʱ򣬰޳һ۾ǴʱѾ˱ԼʱһĴƵʺͱ仯ʣµֻʱȥһȲ뿪˳ıصԼıչء
ҡͷЦЦԡȥѾܾûϴˣȻΪʳ֮Ѿ޹޳Ҿ㼸ûϴ裬Ҳûһ˿ĳζһֵ㡣ܹ鲻һһ߰Լѹ⣬ƿԡҵ˽ȥ
һģȴһʮֳȵŮ˳¥£ųıɨ˹ȥһ˿΢Ц
С治
һƮ̨Ȼ˽ȥԼһӱȡһƿϣȻɳϣϸָһϵ
顭
һ죬ԡĿԡĳȻſ۾Ѹٵ˳ȥȻɫһƬ͡
һŵŮɳϣغϡ
˭
΢΢üͷԡڳԡϳϴɾȻӴԪռȡ·ϣ˳ȥ
ոųȥϾһ죬Լղѵ·˵ذϣԼڿ㡣æһ··ǸŮӵĶ˶ǸŵŮӡ
ǸŵŮһ˿ͣղѾ˳꣬ľҲض˿еҪǱ˾ûп־壬Ҳ̳ԡҡǳȴûпһ㣬ɰͰϴ裬һôԡڴͷ˳
ݳҲ͡
ظ֪һ£ûиоŮһ˿ɱ⣬ǶԷ͸¶Ϣǿ𾪡
ǣСʵ

ĿһʱѾǸոս뵽еĲˣڵĴ˽⡣˳֮⣬ʵǿľʮʮ֮һһ
ɳվ΢΢ʩ
°ɣ
ԭ׼˵һ䡰Ҫšǿģһ˿ŵģǱ㽫Ǿ仰
ʱ͸¶һ˿죬ڲᡣͬһʮŮӣһһ
Ĳ죬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôûа취һʵͻƵ漶ܶһַϻͯı仯ų̰ҹ顣
˲⣬̰ҪճΪͽܾʱ֪ҪճΪͽ
ⲻóΪǲܰд½κһΪʦģǳΪԼĵ䣬ͲܹݱΪʦǵϵĻóʦͽϵʮֿءҾͳд½ϵʦͽϵ˽⣬д½ʦͽϵҲǳؿءڸӹϵ
һд½ϵ߲ʦͽϵڽһд½˳ͻֹϵ˫Ѵ
겻Ϊʦͽϵݣ˱ʦվⲻǳҪġ
ǡ
ܾĻǲ˵ϴ̰ΪΪڵӲҪΪʦȴڵϴǰҪξܾ
Ȼ˵꣬˽һһոս뵽ûеһˣȻܹϵ˲ڣԪϵ۷壬ΪؼǽִԲһšŶ㣬һšڻΪΪͽĵ·ϸһٶټӿһЩ
䣬Ŷĳ꣬ȴųʦԤľٶһἤذԼΪʦ
Ҫ֪ʮ֮һϣǽеʮһ۷֮һųҪͽ˻ԴźŰΪʦ
һΪʦɲζָ㣬źܶԴҩΪʮͽܣ˻ÿµһҩɲôͽģǻҪʱȥǾŵĵӣǾԲΪӡ


909
ֻһӣҲӣɷĵ࣬ҲʮĿǰΪֹһҲûС
յӣ˭Ϊʮġʲôʵû֪ʮŸȴ߼ֻ߼ڵ۷岻ȣȴֻ弶۷塣
ʹˣҪͽҲдѵĵӿƫƫϵĵӶѡҪΪʦߣֿϣԱһֱûеӡ
˵гôһڣôܲģôܲ˷ܣ
ǡ
Ѿס˷ܵ飬ϲ׼˳ʦ֮Լ˵ʲôʱȴֳһڶɳϡû˿ļ֮ɫⲻһһֲߵӡ
ѵѾݱΪʦˣڵӣô԰ݱΪʦ
һ٣˵ʷֲûڵӰݹΪʦֻгһֲʡһ꣬ǰ˱Ϊʦ
ɫһ㶵ûУ
оһɣ϶¶һ˿Цݣ˰㻹ʦ
ֳΪ֮ɫҲʦ
ɫһ㶣̶һԼʮʵͣϱ¶һ˿ŭΪʲô
Ц˵ԲԼĿԡ
ҪȥΪһѵҪű˰ԼΪʦ𣿵ͻȻ̰ǿʮʵǿģҲûаΪʦѵʲôѵĿԣƽһ´ų꣬û˿Ľ¶һпԵɫʵܸĿ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˳һۣȡ˵绰ų沦ͨµĵ绰
£庮
ϿЦľȻҲܹ´ӵ绰дΪµ¸Ӿ壬Ҳӵظжд½ߵĸйٶ˸ı仯Ϊֻڵ绰иؽܳʣҲ¶ľѾ䣬ܻܿΪ˵еȴûб¶˵ݣֻ˵ʦĿԣȻ֪ǲܹ˵겻˵ͲҪȡ
˵绰˼ų֪꣬꾿ʲôԣǳĿȴһ֪֪ȴ˵˵ԲСԼΪͽ˵Ļʲô鷳
һ뵽˵ģ꾹ȻѾ˱죬δܻܿΪ˵е
Ȼ䣬ľһ
ܹΪǾܹõط磬ӭعӵвĩգ
ľҵճΪͽʲôԡһϥϵֶЩ΢Ĳһ弶˵ֱǲ˼飬Ǵʱȷʵ΢Ĳݺݵƽһ飬ų꣬ʲô鷳ͳпܳΪܹ׷磬ֻҪʦҾΪ㵣
΢΢ҡͷĵ꣬ͳŷǱʣд½ͱҲû˻㡣㻹ʲôԣ
걻һɲ̫֪ԼӵгΪǱʣʲô˶У˭֪᲻мʵ˶Լ֣˵ҵɲܹ˵
ͷģҶҲκ˵ֻΪʦ
Цõ˵
һֵĿԸңǲֵġ
˵ҲԼӲ㻺꣬ĿԼȻܹ˵ΪʲôͲܹ˵ѵһẦ㲻ɣ
аҸûк˵̫ƻ鿴һҵԼˡ
Ȼ䣬оһǿмԼ壬ҪԼ״Ҳͷˣ
¶ܹĶ
ôʣһ⣬᲻Լľ
ǿ϶ģֻھҰʦԼܹʦĽҲԼľ졣뵽вӿЦԼݻҪ˵һ¡
ģͶһ¡
Ȼ¶ܹΪ飬ںǵˣҲӦ˰ɣһҧɫʵ˵ɣҲд½ϵˡ
ʲôü˸ɱˣ
굱ͿЦõҲӦ˹еɱɢµشų꣬ԽԽ档
ǵˣ
ǣʱҲûʲôˡ
ĵ˶ôãĿ˸
Цÿ𣿡
ҡͷܡ
˫һ̯Ҳִ˳һڵʲôʵ
ģ
أ
ġ
ô˵ǵϵһ̥
ô˵ġ
ϾȻֳЦݣǺһΪʦд½˳ͻ㲻֪ô죿
ţԴ󷽷سϡ
ú£һֵд½ûֵ˼ȫûбҪ
ûоԵ顣
ԣ΢΢üͷѰ˼һµ꣬д½˼
ô᣿һЦõıͲд½Ķ֣ʵ¡ֻҪд½ҵ鷳ոˡ
ǡΪ֮أ
˫һ̯Ǿͼˣ룬Ժδ½ûйϵˡ
ҲǣͷǸʱд½Ƿص򣿡
֪Щã
ˣ˵ЩˣһֵĿѾ֪ˣһҵλӰд½ϸ߲ߣд½ԵжҲ˵ģûоԵ飬õĽ취ʵֻ㹻ʵͿԱ򡣡
ǡд½͵һ˳ͻ
ҴӦ㣬һһ취ͻصȻʦͽϵ㲻κιǡӦ
ʲô
һΪ֮һҪ롣ӭع
ҲҵԸ
ڶΪ֮󣬲ܹд½
һµҪд½ûи˺


910
ҲһµáҵĵλӦÿֹд½ԵһжȻһЩΪҲܹ֤
ллֿ˵
ǻʦɫһࡣ
Ĳ鷳
һͦһӿͬų꣬ʵʵ˵ɡΪܹ糹׷룬ӭعң˶Ϊκ¡ֻԸ㲻ͬ˵ȥҾͲ˵ȥΪĿģԸ㡣ҲðգϣڳΪ֮󣬲Ҫ޹˺д½顣
ģҵԭ򣡡˵
㡣ܹװΪʦ֤һԭˣ츳ٸߣ˵ʱѾһˡ
ľһѾزǴɳվ׼ΪʦҲֱ׼ܳİʦǾʱͣܲܶռͽܣ
ţüͷɲʲô˶յģǳȻͲ˼һΪ겻Ϊʦô죿ɫԥһµҲǵˣ
ǣҡͷǶд½ˣҶڵӣһĶӡ
һķûͬ⣬ʵǵô
ЦˣҪǰ޳ǾŸʻ˼ȴд½ϵľʣΪסԺڼ䣬Ѿò֮ıǵʣȻ꣬Ҫд½ҳ޳Ÿ˵ʣܹ˵ûУȴѰǱȡ˵绰һ߷Ϣһ˵Կ֪ˡ
һ޳Ÿ˾½½˽ȻʶɢǿϢȴÿ˶ĿһһɳϣĿ˳ꡣ
ҲֻЦеʱȴ𾪣Щһʱþɨ˹ȥһɨ裬㷢Ÿ˵ʿɲһغãҲǳܹѹסǣ¾Ǹʮͬõ־ԶŸˡһֱûͽܣһյʮʾѵͽܣʱһ˫۾Цһ졣
ɫȻ֪˼㿪޳ȾŸ˽ܵλλ˵
޳ȾŸĿһţ̴ɳվʩݼ
ȣһ˵Ŀ˹֮󣬼˵׼Ϊͽ
ͨ
Ÿ̾͹˵ϣݼʦ
ų꣬Ҳǰµݼʦ
ãããһãȻȡֻʦȸһЩ񡣰оƬŸΪʦΪʦȸÿתȥһ֡
ǳҲͣʱǵֻһʦĺǿ鱦
ܿ죬ÿ˵оƬϾͶһ֣ȻִһӣӴԪռȡһҩƷľҩԪҩ֮⣬ÿ˻ƿ쾫ҩԪҩ
ֵֻǣյʮͽϲûж˷ܡҪǷڱ˵ϣ˷ܣܹ
õĿ˳ǵļ˵õһƿ쾫ҩòÿһһ¸ƿСȴûмֻǱֳ˷ܡرǳǸС˷ܵɫûС
ţһСӸոս뵽ˣ֪쾫ҩԪҩţһ
Һ˵
ɫؽ쾫ҩԪҩЧ˵һ飬ȻƵطСӻǸģ޼ɿЩֵ񣬱ָųʦһҩʦɶƽʱȻûԪҩ쾫ҩƷҩԪҩҶˮȡ
ˮȣ
ˣƷҩԪҩǲ쾫ҩԪҩƷľҩԪҩÿ쵱ˮȣȴҲ쾫ҩԪҩЧ
꾿һʲô̥ٶ˿죬˺ʵȻһƷҩʦ
ĿŹֵų꣬ӣݺݵص޼һۡԳ͸ӸȤˣ޼ֵ޼ɣ֪ڽ֮ǰͶ˴˵ʦôġ
ʦʶˡ


911
޼ɰһٽߣͬһ㣬Խ۾Խһ
꣬ԺͲҪҩˣǵҩʦˣ֤Ҳ֮ǰˮһ㡣
ģ
ΰ޳Ÿ˵۾֮ǰһֱʹó͸ǵҩкܹⲻȥǺǷ飬ΪѾ빲Ǻµĵʱ䡣˵ʦҩܹóҩаѳȻˡ
Ȼģ
һ˿޵Ŀɬ˶ʮŷĸÿµõҩȻ٣ӵŸԴȴΨûͽܣ˴ҩ
ˣ
һ˿ɬȥϻϲ֮ɫˣһʮʾѵͽܣûˡرǳ꣬糹׷ϣΪʦ
ʲôľʣΪʦǽ𡣡
ʮ˶һۣŸ˵Ŀⶼ޼ɡ޼ɵʵͣԴҰѵһᶼø޼ɡ
޼ɺ֮һһ˶ţҲ⡣һó޼ɵĻе𾪡޼ʵȻﵽĸ߶ȣΪʵͳŲࡣⲢζų޼ɵ⣬ܴرĽͨ͸
д½Щ˱ȱǳԣǾǻԱûЩ˻۵ۺԳ
޼꣬ТҲһڼҲ꣬ǿȫһģû˼ҲһԼԻ
һһⲻյĶ̶ʱڣоԼںһٶֹӵˣͬʱ߲ıɶһЩ
ﾲ޳Ҳһ⡣ʱҵĿⶼ˳꣬ǳȴɳ֮С޳ҲջĿ⣬ԼУʼղڻͨȴų꣬ں꾿ԼĻʲô
ûаĲͷų꣬Ҫȳѹʲô⡣ȻĿǰѵõһţܹһ£ܹġûʲôܹӳˡ
ȥ˰գĿ⽥³һĿһĿ͸¶һ˿ڴ
꽫ĿŰ޳˿һۣҲð޳۾˳꣬Ҳڵȴ⣬ڴӳʴеõ
ͼݵһ㿴һʮ˱Ҹоһʮ˱ƺŹֻ֮ͬǰĳһ˼£ʵǣĳһǿǻع鱾Դǿ
Ȼ۾û뵽ʳֱָе⣬г͡
һһ󣡡˵ǧֹ֣Ͳ¡
ΪʲôȻ
Ϊκһַ֧ļ¶ع鱾ԴԷ֧ûм£ļ¾ǱԴ
۾һ˵ǱԴǿ֧
ȻͷԴַʽһǽĳַ֧ع鱾Դľ硣һںѧ׷ѰԴǡĿǰΪֹûܹ
û
ǣ˵ĳַ֧Ҫͨĳַ֧Դ磬ֻϵһ˵ʵϸһַ֧ڱԴ˵̫СˣҪͨһ˿СĹȥ򲩴ıԴôܣͺúˮСϪҲˮһûм󺣵ˣֻȥۿСϪ׳ۣ𣿡
ĬĬͷںѧأ
ĳַ֧һЩֻҪȥһ¾֪жѡѧֹǧ֮һҪοںǧѧ꣬һ·
оһе˼ǾǸɹֻͽľ
ǡ
˲ͬΪظоǳѧܸ١ûܸٵ£ҪںѧǷǳѣܸأ
ôôѧֻһܸٵϸͺӦãԼҪȥںǧѧֻǰǵһֶǳһֶΡվǳܸٵĸ߶ȥЩ֧Լܹѧںϡ

ҪںѧѾӵеѧܸ٣ѧıԴѧֻǳһ
ųĿԽԽֳһ˿ΡôῴʱĳѾҪںѧ̾һȰֻ꣬ҪóδۣʶڻѧȻͻʵʵѡһŹ֪ѾõǳⱾѧܸ١
ǳҲûп°벿Ȼòǳľ裬ҲȻ֪ǳѧܸ١
ʲô⣿
ʦ
ųһʳԽԽ𾪣һִ˵ܹںѧ
⡭ôܣ
Ҳܰ
һһ˰գͣü֮˼жʮ弶ߣһڵϴѧҶѧ֪ʮ־ȻֻǶ̶̵İգȴó֮ǰһٶ౾ȫµ֪һָоֻҪϼգͿȥһͻơ
ųһ˳˼¶֮ɫͬʱҲЩᡣ

Ǿᣡ
ֵ̫ɫˣʳһеĸԽȴԽоᣬʺԣǵȥںʲôѧ
ѧô
ⴿ˷ʱ䣬һָоѡһŹĻ˵ʮʵͻᳬȴҪȥڻѧһ·
ǣͨһĹ۲죬ҲԸ񣬸ûа취ֹֻܹȴײͷԼȻ

̾ϢһĿɨ˰޳ȾŸˣֳһ˿οʱ޳Ÿ˳ʴ֮Ҳһ˼֮С
ǺӰû뵽һӳôϼѵĵӣڰ
û뿪ǾȴţǰʮӣѾŵֲԭ˾һѾˣΪԼûʲôϵǰʮˣرǳֻ꣬ȴǰʮټһѻ


912
ˡ
ڴһԪ𵴵Ŀ˹ȥֳһ˿㵡ʱеҲԪѣĿ˹ȥһֳ˾ϲ
޼ͻˣ
ԪͻƵϵһ
ȻµĶӣͷ
ʵ֪޼ɵʲãȴõģȻóȥ̬Ϊܹ֮òûб˦£ҪľŶԡǳò֮ı޼ɵʣͲܻ˿ͻơ
߶޼ɵͻơСʱ޼۾ɳվϹлʦ
ʺãʦĹϵ󣬺ǺǡĵЦ
еʣ޼ɲɿ˳һۡҲɿ˳һۣǵﶼʮ֮ǰʲģҽԺʱ򣬳ǺȵҩıǵʡȻһֱû˵ȴʱǡ
ˣ˵Ҫ˵һ顣
ɫʮҲͦñֱ
Ǹոս뵽ˣǰ֮ǲ֪
֮ʮ˵жֳԻ֮ɫ
Ƕ֪ڳ֮⣬ʮ
ʮ˾㶼ͷ
ƽʱײβʮҪһ涼ǳףƽʱ˵鶼ʮڴʮҲչǱޣԾ׼˵ｻһЭ̣׼ѡʮСԺʮСˣ֮
ʮ˫ĿһţʮС
ʣʮСڽĵλͬʮһ㡣ŵλȻǸַԴиؼǵδʮҺп֮λҲ֮в
굹Ƕ֮λûʲô뷨ĸڵ򡣲ԴʮֿرǶڸؼĶ̰壬ûĴУִֻд½Уɶˡ
ҲȥʣҲ֪ؼһܹģͼһûУҪʵݴﵽһ̶ȲŻ㿪ţʮСĵλǿԴﵽҪ
µʱʮѾȥ꣬ʣ°ʱ䣬ҪŬˡ
ǣʮһĿȵ
뿪ˣһƬ˼㡣ܹ˴˵
ʮ˵Ŀػص໥ţĿⶼڰ޳ϡʵȼҲǿҲḻԴҶܹһЩʲô
޳о˵Ŀ⣬û˵ǽĿ˳ꡣ죬ſڵ꣬лл
һл޼ɵ˶Ӧ˹ǳģҵǡֻճΪͽûʲô飬ǳ꽫ǻҲвʲô粻ΪͽҲΪʦʲôġǡ
ʮǾд½ϵκһ˶д½ķơܹһΪʦҫҲδĻԻ͡
͵ÿɲСӦĿж¶˸м֮ɫֻǰڰ֣Ȼı˻ʦ֣˵ҪʲôʵӵоʮСʸ񣿡
ҲĿ˰޳ҲҪʵ⡣޳üͷ˼һŵӦ棬һʵ뾫ԪӦôﵽ漶ʦ弶ΪҪʮС֮λʸʵҲҪﵽһҪλãӦӵʵпܡ
޼ɵֳ˿ЦոͻƵϲѾټޣҲϵһֻ꣬аʱ䣬ôͻƵ漶һԪ;˫˫ͻƣ
޳Ҳ¶һ˿ɬ˵޼ɣҲû˿İաԪѾﵽϵż۷壬òʱܹͻƵ漶ÿж漶ϵһ蹵ôͻƵġ֪жһӾͿؿ
⻹ҪģҪˣ޳ȾŸ˴ʱľΪֻǼ漶̫ԶҪڰҲﵽ漶νϣã
ʦ֣˵ĵڶǴ˼ʵ


913
޳ɫصֻҪﵽִԲҪҪȡʮСʸҲӦôﵽڰִԲ˵̫Ĺؿ
˵޳Ŀ⾼ųʵʮϣĻǳ㡣ҲֻԪʵϳ㣬ھʹ϶ҡĴﵽ˵ִԲԪ缸ûвֻҪŬ˵ڰĿͻƵ漶
˳˼ڷٵؼԼ޾ҺҪͻƵ漶Ӧû⡣ԪʵͻԼҲҵ˷ǾǲѧԼǳ򡣲ûжİաڴһЩգֻҪܹĵطŲ֮׵غʹϿһŴ֮ء
ͨЩһЩѵԪҪѧûóˡ԰޳ŸˣҶлᣬǵʶѾͬ˵Ԫ½ҲҲ٣ֻҪҩϣʦʦڣҲ⣬Ҿڰ֮ͻƵ漶ǲܡ
˵ûƽյ˵ǵʿ˵Ѿ̥ǣʵһǧﲻ룬ʦĽ̵Ҳھϵ뼴޼ҪԪͻƵ漶Ҳò˰ꡣǴ򰡣
ʱû⣡Ц˵ǿɶǸˣʦһ֡ǿʱȥһǰƵʺͱ仯ڸǣһ°빦
ǾأТüͷʦǵҩҪڰͻƵ漶ҲǧѣϾǵľ̫ԶŴҺ
취
ü˼ŵʱһ㣬ҺҩȻ͸޳Һ֪кܶҺ쾫ҩһԸ쾫ҩķҺΪҩȻڵĲҩΪҩž֮ӦܹƳЧõҩ
ЩӾȥҺȵùҺ֮Ӧܹһҩ˵ЧܹҺࡣ
ģ޳Ÿ۾
Ӧû⣬ӽ쿪ʼǾͲҪҡ
ףھߣ
Ÿ˴ɳͷҲصس̨Ȼಡȥó꿴ÿЦá
˶̨ȥ֮󣬳ϥɳϣǽľڵž޲״̬֮󣬱һ䣬ڽҩ豸һȡȻֽ뵽һ̳װһ̳Һҩ԰вժ˴ĲҩŴڷء
Ƴ쾫ҩҩžԵİգֻҪƼѰҵһѵķˡ
ֻҺ쾫ҩҪĸҩû䣬ֻҩƷҪȱ˵ǿ̫ࡣ
տʼûһͬʱƶ豸רһһԹܵҩһǳɹ˵Чȴǳ롣ʵɹƳ쾫ҩܼ򵥣ΪһƷҩʦǰҩȻ󣬷ը֮ġƳҩЧҪ쾫ҩһЩʧܡ굱Ȼ⣬֧Թܷŵһߣʼ˵ڶơ
һһΣƷߣûдﵽҪ󡣳ҪɲҪ쾫ҩǿһǰ㣬ҪҺﵽһˮƽȻÿҺ࣬˰ָҩָҩԭеĲҩҩǳƾãΪܹڰȡͻƣǻѪ
Ҫǣ㲻ҩƾõĲҩƾڵԪˮƽĲҩƷҲԶԶظ߳д½ϵĲҩƷͬ˺ö飬¾д½ϣ˵ƷߵģҲǰһĲҩ
ԳһֱԼƳҩȥ죬Ƴһƿҩƿҩ㼯ҺͰָҩľؽ侫ںϵһЧѾҺ
оķ֮󣬳㿪ʼҩȡһٷ豸Ȼ󽫾ֳһٷݿһٸԹܣȻʼһһٷҩæ죬ƵĴҩ
ӷڳ޳˻ҩȥ֮󣬳ϴһ裬ſ˯˹ȥ
˯һһҹ֮󣬳꾫ӵȻͱҶȥ֮ǰԭͨϵ߼ıϾЩɶĽ֮ıϾ͸ӵɶվһһĴǳȭļ䲻ͣںһٶѧİ壬ǳ߶ڵԪھ˺һˢžŵڶʮѨϱϳȥ
ǳɣΪʱоƬһ֣Ϊʱ䷢ֻҪһһسѨϾͿˡ
̬£Ľ죬ʱ䣬ڽڶʮѨϴֻͨҪͨϣԳľ֪ϵ߲ڵʣʮһѨϾͼ࣬һһѨϣʮһʱͨ˵ڶʮѨϣʵﵽϵ߲۷塣
صԼıԼһӦķ档ϵ˲ڣԪϵ߲۷壬׿˽Ͽвµʱ䣬žԼȫԼʵǿһЩߵսҲסԺһ£ôϿҲδؾûֿܡ
رϿ߶֪ڰ󽫻ʮСıԣȻӴѹЩпʮСߡΪϿסԺ
ʮС֮һߵδžصӰ죬رǳһ֮ͱٶȳɳʮСԴͶд½Ӱ޿ɱġ
һΪʮСеһԱ˵Դ飬ڱԵʱʮһֳۿ̵ӡӵ˵λӡ֮Ӱ˵ľߣ˶ԵûԵ˼롣
׿ԴӰҲҪʮСоԼȫΪһѵõĥ»ᣬܹԼµ˱ԣⱾһѪڵ飬Ҳ⡣
Ծûκ棬Ҳμӣûֵܹסջ
˼˴Լһӵʱ䣬վΪ֪һߵԺ;ľֲõ˾顣ԽߣҲԽǿ֮ԴһֱûʲôĹؿǾΪľһֱԪʵ


914
ȽͻƵϵżȻȥͼݷĹͨںϹʹϵ˲Ѩϱϲɶ׿֮ǰϵżڣԪϵ˼۷塣
ţžȥ뵽ңһĸֻ֡ǾҲһһ䣬ʮһ䣬ÿʮλϣϷһͷϣȻеŲԴԽд̼ﵽٽЧ
ŷ̨Сһ£֪޳Ÿ˶ߺŷڣֻߺŷѾˣʣµһλѾˡֻñŽʮ˺ŷ䡣
뵽ʮ˺ŷ䣬Ѿĸˣʱĸ˵ԴͷҽӺ󱳷³ΪһΣû˸оΪȫעϡ
ҲӵںãȻϣͷͷϣ˵ṯ̌оŲʼĴԣʶڵľ̻Ծǿǳӿתٶȡ˵ĿƼͶأͷȻܹԶ̽鵽ߵľ磬Ȼߵľ״̬Զڴ̼ĳ̶ȡ
ȡһƿƵĳƷ쾫ҩȥȻþͨڵ磬ʱŵĿɶҺ
Ʒ쾫ҩҺͷĸ߼һóľڷٵ
ǣ귢ķٶǿ죬ȴܹ־ãʶоƣ͡ʵһ£Լܹһμʱ䡣
˾Ҫɾܹȥͼ򹦷óЩƣֻȥԪһһתǳǳȭȻԪҲнȴʮֻ
ʹˣҲֻһ˿ܱûкãڲܹ˷һ˿ʱ䡣
˳ھҺ֮ţһµʱ䣬ľͻƵϵżȻûȥңܵͼݡ
ֻǵͼݳʱ򣬾׿ֻʱ䣬óǳľɥûʱȥԪͻƵϵ˲ˡ
ſ̨ſտĴ֣ʱڴϼѾˣе˶Ϊ׿Ŭֻгһеſ̨ĵĴͷ羰
Ȼܹڿ֮ǰõͻƣҲԼŪùڽţһһڲ֮뵽˿ҪһˣûϢһ£Ҳý׵󿼺ˡ
ʱڳ˵̫ˣʮСĽЩߵսЩߵ߸̨֮ϱֵúãҲᱻǸΪͽܣѾõĽ
ǳ겻ô룬ʮСһλãΪ˲ϵһˣǹϵʮˡ
꣡
ͻȻһ¥𣬳ѭȥվ¥£һƮͷ̨ųһɨ¶֮ɫĵ̧ڳļá
ããã뵽û뵽̶̵µʱ䣬ȻͻƵϵżڣԪͻƵϵ߼۷塣ˣ˰ɣ
ǣͷ
ȥСһӵȥռ䣬ûһһ
ǲͷԼ̫ͷ뵽ϿǲǵűŰ
ôΪʦôһССҪ
¶һ˿ЦʱѾһЩ˽⣬ʮʵͣճΪͽ֮ǰûһͽܣʮеơ˵ӣȻϣܹͷأΪ⣬һѩǰܡ

仰ʱܹ˵ʲô
бۿ˳һۣ˵ΪʦȥռȡһΪʦͷ
ʲô᣿Ҳϣһ޹ģ
ǰˣͷָͷһµҪѹûѹѹٶȾԲͬ
ǣɫһࡣ
У´˳һ۵ԭЩ˵û뵽ôǰǵһЩ
ʦҡֵҵѾܸˡ
𣿡Цеųꡣ
ǡɡڨڨ
ɫóɫҲ
꣬ҪһʮСλãҪõһ
ϵս˲ͰȻȻǵһ


915
¶֮ɫãŲҵͽܣΪǳ񣡡
񡭡꾪ȵس͡
һЦǰЩȥһ˵򣡡
˰ֵõģû֪ȥ˵д½͵ûֻ֪ȥĵ򾿾ʲôӣȻôһǣĵʧһƬ֮ء
ķų΢΢۾ֵôͳôһ
ʦĵôˣ
ûʲôûֵƽ͡ţҲ͵͵ȥӺˡ
ǡôˣĿֳ˼
ܺãһѾǼһӵľҲ൱Ǽǵ˺ܶԴ
ǣֳϲ֮ɫ
ӿ˲ãǵд½ҲǶĴڡҶ̲סǸ
аСӵܹҿǸ˲ٵĲ֮ǴСͺȲ֭֮ҺʿҪԼá
꣬һ£Ӻͺӽӹɣ˵
ҡҡͷǵȵȰɣһûԱ
ؿų꣬̾һ㻹Ƕд½źĽġ
ôûнģЦ˵д½ͺñд½͡ǻûн𣿡
һ£Ȼ󻺻صͷ˵ûⲻ㣡
ллʦ
ڰֵˣ˵ЩҸղʹʲôλãȻһҼ㣬Ķ־ҡ
ң
ɫֻһͽܣҡ۷ʵгʮ֮⣬ʵǿġЩ˳ϵʵڴɣڸոս뵽еʱԶ־Զ㣬ȴĸ֡
û¶һ˿֮ɫΪкʮͽˣûͽ𣿶ΪͽһʵǿҲʵͲŲ
ѾųԣһҪΪʮС֮סдһ˿ͣһ֮λһġ
γ¶һ˿ݣҵĿȫʲôʮСĲڴˣʮС֮׶˵̽ȡһ㣬֮λ֮ԳԾΪľϴһѾԽ˳꣬Ҳߡ
Щ߻ʮСܶʱѾĿⶢ֮λ˵ʵֻ˵ľѾ˳˵ǰ档
ǣսͰȻʮС֮֮λ𣿺Ǻǡ
ܵս⣬¶֮ɫͬʱҲ΢΢̾Ϣĳ̫ˣΪĳˡҲͬд½Ĵ𲽾ͱȳ࣬ҲҪȳʮ꣬ǰչʮСսڰʮҲǸʱĳܹһ
ǡ
ڵʱִ̫ˡ
ȥռ䣡ȸʦøһ
δ̨ȥ˲ʧӰųʧķû˿ĵġøռһɾһ¼Ǻܼ򵥵һ顣֮ǰϵʱܹϵ߼۷壬ʲôֹܹõһ
СӣҪʧһʧ̨֮ϡ
Լһӣһ˳ǰ壬ȴû˿Ǹְ˼£ûŴҴȥ
ķʱһϰ˾ƲˣĸΧ˰ĵһ룬ڶī𣬵ߺסʱǸӳ֮뿪Ǹ˽Źʦ֣겻ڣ
΢΢һüͷͷǸ˳ȥֳЦݵм׿ˣԭŽǰСһ£Ž뵽ϿҲ໥Ӧһ¡û뵽ȴڣǾԺлںͳһ°ɣ
ʦ֣Ӧܹʮͨˡߺ˵
Ҳˣ뵭˵
ֻ׸
¶һ˿º͵ЦݵҵõһϢҪǿ߱һţҲδ˾ǵ¡
ʲôϢµ˶Ŀ⾼Ź룬Ƕ֪һϿϢضǴϿġЩϾҪ뵽Ͽ˸Ҫ
вʱ䣬˽ᷢһ¡
һ£ĿɨΧˣֳ֮ɫʮ׼λר
ʲô𾪵Ź룺˭
ʮС˫͸â
ʮСһĿЩã
˻һȣδѡʮʵǿ߳ΪʮСʮСδ˵Ĺߡ
ߵ¶˼֮ɫ˫͸޾ս⡣΢΢üͷôǻʮС֮λ
ΪʲôУĬ˵ѵʲô
ûʲôҲԲμӣǾã
˵Цһ˵ûãҲûãΪǻڲʱͻƵ漶ܹͻƵ漶ϿЩߵĶ֣
ʲô˼ī˵
һҸ磬ҸѾһ۷壬Ҹ統ʮСٲǵĺô
ڳĬͻȻ⴫΢΢üͷ˵
ղǸ˽˵ʦ֣Ѿȥˡ
ֳһ˿ͷǻȥ
ȥռˡ
Ŷ
ֳ˺֮ɫʣ¼׿ˣúõ״̬ȴȥռ䣬˼Ǻǡ
˰ֵ˶ŵ㣬ʱһ㱨
ǣ
Ǹ˳ȥֽعϡֳº͵Цݵλǵô
ߺͻȻչЦڵǶԳȤҪ֪Сӵλ᲻ᳬҡǺǡ
ҲǣǺǡҲЦ
ҲҪܲܳңҶ˺ܸȤ֪ܴܲһ˵ļ¼
ɫЩѿ֪ǰлûоóӣ࿼һֲܹǰˣ㵭ЦֻЩˣѵΪһһˣܹǲɣ
ĬȻǶ֪ǹóôǡ˼˵ǻΪܹùϿЩˣ


916
˼žżһȾĸ˶Ǽ֮ˣ˭˵ҲӦ·Ķڵȳ괳صĽһ㡣ǣʱÿ˵ж㹳顣
кôҲлôͶĸ֮뵽ϿҲ֯ˣܵ۸һĸĳΪʮС֮һҲȻõһЩ档ʧȥʮСʸ
Ĭе˾ѣ뵭ص
ǸŽƤӶû̧ǳ괳ؽˣ
ûС
ƤһĿ¶ʲô
ǸߵĿһ۸ߺ׵Ѿǵˣ
ߺ׵ɫһ䣬Ȼ¶һ˿Цȴû̫⡣ͳ꽻֣һָоǾһᳬԽȴû뵽ʱ˿졣
˵ɫҲһ㶣¶ζ֮ɫĿ˸ߺסߺ׵һôң𣬿һõϢǳ곬Խ㡣
ɫ΢ôģ
͵ſɣ
˼ûһ¡û˵ָ˼žղֻǽų괳ΪһЩʱ䣬ʱȴĺڵȴյΡͻȻߺ׺ٺٵЦ
ҲǴƼ¼˰ɣһʱ˵˵ʷϿûа㵱Ҳڵһ˵
ߺ״˻һ˵϶¶һ˿ݡԴ˿겻
֪˶ã˼еĸֱһѡ

Ǹ˽Ŀʼһ㶣̶¶һ˿ɬѾҸˣ
ǣѾǵˡ
˲ݣ뿪ڵǴռڳˣ
ûУڼ
һ·ڵĸ˾ͲЩˣЩ𾪡ȥȻļޣҪʲô
ߺ׵ĿīٺЦ˵īĵڶҲסˡ
ī˼һ£𣬸ֳһ˿Ҫõڶǲס
ĸɫ΢㣬Ȼī˵ҲеǿҲһˣĸ֪֪֮ףȻīڵڶڵ֮Ĳɲһ㡣Ҫīȥĺѡ
ҵǶԽԽȤˣǺЦ˵ռţһͰ
ǣǸ˳ȥ
λ˿ǲ򵥰ȻȥЦе˵
ߺ׺һڣ˵ʵ飬ҲֻܹƱһ³е
ܹܲһţռһǽѵһ١֪һǲܹᲢ۵ģǺǡ
û˵īɫƽųӵڶϼȥ͸ߺ׵ɫѿ϶ܹؿұģĻû˿οֻбʱϣһǰҲȥռݵһλá
ǡ
ҲǲܣֻҪ뿪ųһѹ뼷ȥǸʱɫֲȥ
Լ˲ʮӵʱ䣬ǸֻˣĿīīľһһֲĸоϮͷüëǸߡ
Ѿڶˣ
ī̺ղ겻ܳһ˹͸ߺ໥һۣзһ˶ˣܱ˺á
ǰǳˣ뵭ʵܹռݵڶλѾﵽ˼ޣʱӦѾռ
ûУڴء
ɫһ͸ߺ׵۾һ
еˣ껹øһī۾ҲһѹȥȹɱԼĶˡղŹ뻹ĵ˵Ҫѵһ١Ľӵһȥͺˡ
ǺǡЦ˵ĳ徢𣿺ˣ֪ˣǵһ
ǣ
Ǹٶ˳ȥָֻ˼žȴѾͬī͸ߺжЩȣǶڴųΪһǻûйʱȵϣ˳ΪһΪ·Ǹٴ߽˷䣬ɫЩ԰׵˹롣


917
ɫһ貣ɬʵռڳˣ
ǣ

һ
˻
ĸ˶һȻī͸ߺ׸ղΪõһǵȵĵõ˵һȴе𾪡
Ǹ˵
ڵһǺīʵ̫ˡī͸ߺ׵Ŀⶼ˹룬Ŀ¶һ˿ζ˼ԣ㲻Ҫѵ˼ҿˣ
ʱһ˵ǹȥԥظžˣ˰ǰľۻܸȤ
ʱܺãΪͨδջܴٴͻƵסΪռµķ֣ٶȴͨΪȫ֮ȴָô¶ֳһߣһ߶ǰ벽漶ߡʱռԼĹֻһʱͨϵһأְܹ벽漶ߡڹ涨ʱڲܹϵǿһأͼĹؿ
괳˰벽漶ߣֳһһߣһһߣճûдһء
նɱһ漶û⣬ͬʱһһ߻̫ˡֻնɱʮһߣ㱻壬˳
ԼڵһʱҲʮָˣϾʦһԸ
һ̤˷䣬룬ī͸ߺ׶վʱǵпûһ˿ĸ߰ǶǴһߣȻ֪ļѡܹռݵһλãǾ˼ҵʵ
Ȼ˸ߺ֮⣬лǺܲģΪһҲ͸ߺȥռ䣬ûȥһֲûнΪ괳˵һҲδؾͲܹսʤꡣվˣ˵Ľš
ߺ״Ц˹ȭͷڳϺݺݵһȭСӣŶãͱ㳬ˣ
ңǺǡҲЦ˸ߺһȭ
Ҹһ£ߺ׽ʼΪܣλ˰ĵһŶǵڶˣ룡
һڣߺǳشһžž졣
ʦֺãòشк
꣬лдд裡ʱѾЦе˵
۾һðҸʱдһ¡
īɫŹ֣óЩͷԡҲȥ˼ʱߺֿʼܡ
λīλ𡣡
໥ʺȻǹسõһһȻ¾Ʊʵλʦ֣ǰʲôԸ
˵ÿϵɫºһЩ¶һ˿Цݵ꣬иϢҪ˵
Ŷϴ
֪
ְʮС˵һ飬ȻѾ֪ˣȴװһֻϵɫʮƽΧĸвһ̾
ֲܹһȡ˽ľֵ̾
꣬ҵĸϿӣʵʮСϸҸ磬Ժٲĺô
룬ī͸ߺ׵Ŀⶼڳϣ΢΢üͷû˿˼˵ʦ֣ҾͲμˣ
ţ
ĸ˵ɫһ뵽˳ܾȴû뵽ܾ˸ɴࡣǲ˼вһŭΪʲô
국һЦΪҪʮС
ûԼ˼ȻѾʦȥռ䣬ȡõһʦڱ͵Ȼܹ͵Ǿ͸ߵˡ
㣿μʮС᣿һ̶ЦЦǺЦ
ŹĿЦһ΢ЦŹ룬ԲعɫڳƽĿעͣ
˵ģ
Ȼģصͷ
ЦջǱס˵Ϊаʱ䣬ܹʮСʸ񣿡
Ŀһɨ룬ī͸ߺף˵ҪԼһĿ꣬Լȥ˾͸һĿ꣬ΪʲôΪĿܶ
ڼžÿ˶˼ųĻÿ˵ж
ǰ
ûʮС֮£ǰͰڰҲͻƵ漶ʮС֮ԴΪĿ⣬ûʵȴʮСʵҲܹһ۷壬˵Ǹﵽһ۷塣ΪĿ꣬Ҳ漶ܹͻơ


918
Ĭ˴Լӵʱ䣬ߺ׼һͦվˣҪȥ
䣬ߺ׾߳˷䡣ٶɾǾܾ˹īҲվʱս⣬һ˶ҪȥʮСīΪʲôҪȥˣ
Ҫȥˣ
ҲվҲȥˣ
ʱҲΪԼĳ֣Լһ仰˹ĺ£ǸسŹЦЦվīȥ
žֻʣ¹һϵɫ粻
ˡ
ϵȻ˳

ϵƷɣˤһءȻվ
ܹȥʮСΪʲôͲܹΪʲôֻܹ
˫ȭսҲҪȥᣡ
صԼıಡһ̨ȻɫһҼҰҲţʲǫ̂

ﴫһĴЦɫЩεش̨˽ȥ޳ȼڿɳϣ㶼һЦģųꡣ
Լı˽ɳϣҪþɨһǼʵȴ޳꣬Ҫ鿴ǵʵɣ
ɫһ㶣Ŀбâܹоҵľˣ
޳ɫһȻӲǱ˵ôܣҵľǼ
۾һǼ˰ˣô֪Ҫ鿴ǵʵ
µģ޳ЦͲ̽ˣ㱨
ʦ㿪ЦˣЦǺǵ˵
Цʵ١Ǻǡ޳Ц˵ҵԪϵż۷壬Ǽ۷壬ǵڡ
ҺͱϷԪϵ˼ڣǺ۷壬ǵֳڡЦе˵
ҵԪҲϵļ۷壬ﵽǼ۷壬ڶֺ۷塣ӰЦе˵
ҵԪϵ۷壬Ǻ۷壬ڶֺ۷塣Т
ҵľǺ۷壡Ӣ۾˵ڶֺ۷壬Ԫϵڡ
ҺʹƽԪϵһ۷壬ҲﵽǺ۷壬뵽˵ڶֺ۷塣
ҵľҲﵽǺ۷壡޼Ц÷ǳĵҲҵʵ͵Եʣڴ뵽ڶֺ۷ʱҵԪҲͻƵϵһڡ
ҲǳˣЦʵôˣһͻƵǼ
޳ҡͷⲻǵ׿Ȼǽǲܽ뵽ϿǸÿ˻Ҫ˰˵ΪȻԪûͻƣȴͻƵıԵ˵⼸ܹͻˡ
۾һʦҪͻƵ漶ˣ
޳ҡͷֻǸоһ˿ɶͻƵϣ󣬵ҪԡЩͻƵĻһЩر޼Сӣû˵ʱ佫ʦڵĶ͸ˣⲻոͻƲãƺҪͻˡˣʲôʵ
ϵżڣԪϵ߼۷塣ǵִԲ
˵жֳһ˿Ľ޳̾ϢһϿûˡȡȥϡ
ã

ͽͽˣһž޴ΧʮˡоŸ𾪵
˵Ļңʱʮл飬ڻʱԼͽ顣
ûչͽܣȴһʮⲻô֣ѵĳʲôˣԼΪѾ˼ûȥעˣ
ЩɰԺڣĿⲻ̰а԰ֵкҲӦ̰֣ôˣţһʮ˵ʺһ㣬ûпϣȻûпϣҲϡ
뵽Щ̬ͷƽˣҲЦ⡣ֻЦôһ
ϲ
ǰ˸ɫвԸˡ
ôҾǼģҾͲܹռӣѹвˬЦе˵ǰ⻹һϲأʮͽܶǽˣ
Ǻǡ˺ã˳㣡˸г˰οֻ̰ϿЦá
ǰɫЦݸʢʮӵĳˣڼСʱ֮ھʹسɹ
ʲô˴ɫˡ
ⲻʲôСһӣ˵ʮһûСʱͽ
ⲻܣ˸ͬʱ
ɫһʲô˼ǲֻܹͿռõӣ
˼
˸ϾһƬΣǵĿⶼ̼е̰ϣ̰εصͷ
㡭
ֳ̰ɬԹǲԸΪʦʮڡ
˸ϾĽ֮ɫûĽʮӶڼСʱھͨ˽뵽һ˲СʱʿҪ
ЩС˶һԾɫһƵᣬǇNɪð˸һĥʱ
ʮڽ뵽ĵ¾ͨ˿ˣ뵽
ʲô˸ˣ
СһڣⶼС
һۣǿһƵģ
ⶼС£ҵҪʲôǴ£
ЦӯӯŰһмϵģðһơ
ǸĵӰСʱڴؽ뵽ڵ¾ͽ뵽˰ĵһͻͨ˽뵽Ͽˡ
˸ûǽĿⶼ̰̰ɬصͷ
˻
˴㶼һʷϵļ¼˵ʷϴû鷢½Ҳ˴Ƴ¼˴ӶˡôԸֻ弶ߵͽܣ
ҵͽܣ˴ʱйͬ뷨
ǺǡͻȻЦ㲻ҳʱȥʶһͽܰɣ
Ŀһ䣬λ֪˼ҪȥԼͽܣһóеճΪͽǶĮӡⲻŭ˭ʵʮأ
ܣǲܰΪʦģȥӸҽҲá뵽ֳЦݵ㣡λ㣡


919
˴ɫһ㶣жһ˿ɣôֻһͣǾǳ겻Ϊʦ
Ϊʲô
ѵΪǳڣ
Уôȥԣ
˸ǣȴȵ̰ЩֵͲģ
ûʲôõĵģվЦеض̰˵ҪҪһȥ֣
ãҾȥ
̰վ˳һݶϣ͸˳Ŀ
ʱڳĿڣڰ˴Ķ棬ΰ˴η˵ֻһҡͷѾ˵˺ܾˣʱѾЩˣֻҡͷ
հ˴뿪˳ıһž˴ӶݶϴһЦ
֮⣬˴ɫһڣӶܿʧӰ
֮ڣͬɫһڣʾ֪һԼʦڰ˴ǰ԰Լˡ˴
վûпһֱۣ߽ԼңѷŹϣݶϵ̰ɴЦͽˡ
Сӣһ̰ȻȥɣȥǸСȥȻҲҡ
̰͡ԼļãǰҸߣȻȥͽǸɣ
ҸǸһӸü
ǸûйϵˣǺǺǡ̰˲ʧڷ֮ϡ
ʱ¶һ˿ΣʦǲףԼߵȻĴȥ԰ڣǡ
̲סҡҡͷԴȻȻӴĿǰȥ֪ʲôʱѾķ
ţԲ´һţĿǰϿѾûˡ⼸վͲҪ;ˣһ似
۾һ֪ʦҪ̵ָͷΪԭҲҪ⼸һǳȭ
ȥң˵
ţ
˵ңվڳĶֻĿǰʵͲܴ˰һλã˵ź似ʹҿš似ʹһߣҿܲܰһ¡
ãҶһʽȭʦָ㡣
Ŷüһģ
ǣͷ
΢΢ü꣬ȻǸţ仹̫СˡǴ似䣬㻹ʹʦɡԺҪⷽ˷ʱ䣬ú
Ҳûǳȭľ跢ӵ˼£´Ϊʵûдﵽ漶ͷŵͲͬһײôԽףǳȭҲֻܹӵ벽漶
䡭
һȭ˳ȥųһֳһ˿ݡĸ֪һǳ
һֻСǿǳĻ˹ȥ
䡭
ǿǳˣε˳ȥ󱳺ݺݵײǽϣȻǽϵĿ𾪡
ģ
ûֻǵͷ΢΢ü󱳴ҵʹ
漶ȷʵǿ󣬴ʱǳΨһ뷨۾ôվǰҪ˵ʲôȴǱ죬Ҳ˼Ÿղųһʽǳȭй켣
ʱڼžжȹԼһʱҵʱ䣬۾ղһһ˿򣬵Ǿ󲿷Իĳ꿴Ҳûȥʣ֪Լľ粻ȵԼľԪﵽϵż۷壬ҲһЩ⣬Լ⣬ԼҲ
ͺñȥĳ潲ܶһ
ȥʱҲ۾Ŀ̾
û뵽̶ȣǸ似似ƺѾ㴴˼£ûʲôָġ
˵ҲЩɥԼһ弶۷壬ʮ֮һȻָ㲻Լͽܡ
ȡǳǾʦָһµ
ѧǵ
ţ
ҲԴģ
ԴģҪʦָһĵ
ãĿ˸˫¶ڴ
ಡ
Ʈ˹ȥǳưն˳ȥҽǣ޼ѰʩչѧƵ


920
һʽƵʩչ˳ƬƬƶΧΧֻһָڿвʱص㽫ĵȫ⡣
꽫һʽƵʩչ֮Ŀ⾴ղƾһָƽƵƾ漶ʵƾ似⡣õľϵ˼ͳһÿһָƵĹؼλƵĵƸ޷ӡ
ԼĵǰָţղһʽǳȭȷʵĴһЩһʦָ㲻Լĵӣʦʦ
ǲǾԼƵһ
ӣ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪ѧֵҲƵĵ֮塣úÿš
һץеǳ͵СȻͼͬ赸һ㣬еǳ˳ȥ
͵һһ۾ŻָĿ⾼ɫȴôҲβס֮ɫ
꣬һֵƵʮʽҵѧֵҽʮʽ۳һʽղżһʽƵһʽܹһʽ۳һʽƵ֮ʡ
۾һʦ㽲֮塣
ллʦ
ϯضʼԭͶ֮˺渵𽥿ʡ
ֽ֮ʽƵų꽲⣬һ߽һһһظƵֱĿվþò̾ص˵ͷȻ뿪˵ңԡϴһ裬ԼһЩ֮һӻص˵ңһĬĬؿĳꡣ

һУһ۾оâͬʵһ˸
ʱͷ棬·Ҳǻҳһչ˺ܾáһϢЩȶڡ
ǺǺǡ
ǸЦشӵվ·Ĺͷһ㡣漴һһžžıڴֳˬɫ
ŵҵĴȥ૵Ҳ֪ǰɵôʮСһҪᵽһ

顭
һһֻһգеĿ˲䱻󱬣ڵըһĺһɫȳƣҲʮ˳һǰˣӢ
һ˫۾ȴͬһ亮ܲ
־ԶѾһ۷塣
ֻҪڸʱ䣬һ׷ҡǿ𣿺ǺǡҲӦҵĿֻ꣬ĵӣҵĿҪɨʮսʤǿһ
־Զ̨ҹգеսⲪҹֱȥʱĳӯ
꣡־Զ˫гս⣺㹻ˣҾȺɨʮСĶ֣Ȼұܿȥɨʮ󡭡Ϊ
ڿµһһۣǰϿȡֳһ˿˷֮ɫ
ͻƵˣԽ뵽ϿˣʮС֮һҵģδ֮λҲҵġҲһܹ֮ͻƵ磬ֽĩգӭ
վٲϿȥΧϯضһ۾ҵıӰ
һ¶֮ɫ
ȻĵӣôѾڡδһҡΪۣ
ߵµԱߣһ޴ϿȣϿ·ͱһڣǶ֮ϥһˡ
һ˳ȥڿУĿ·ȥ
·һѨ֮Уһ̧ڿеңһ˿ʡ
ңǺǡҳǿܶ೤Ϻ߶Ķ֡㻹̫ˣϵȻŲࡣ㼸ʮ꣬ҲĶֻ֣а꣬ǺǡΪϵûֻƽʱԸְˣ

ĵҡ
۾Ȼȡǳϵа޾ս⡣¶Ц⣬شվȻ˳꣬۳׵ľվסص˵ͷ
ӰʧˣûеâҲû磬·ͲСȴǾâһһ˿ȵΣٵرƽ
˲䣬۾˳ȥ֪һâʺѾһ硣ͷָһ

һӰĶ֣һ·ĵˣеĳֹһ˿꣬㾹ȻƵ̶ȣһҪǿ֣
ǳʧһ԰׵ɫָһ˿ΡֳĿ⡣
ŽƵһʽܾ֮ûЩ⡣֮֮ںϽƵȴû뵽ӳЧ
ȻһʽƵܹȴһܹԽսΪеʵ̫ˣߵĲĵ·Ʈ·ӡ˶ְ壬ͬߣһҲû˲֮壬⽫֮巢ӵµһ¾漶Ҳڵ¡
꣬еԷûзĻ¾ĸҲĵ¡⻹ĿǰʵͻƵ漶һʽӵƮ죬ӵ޼ѰԼһȡְɣ
΢Ѱ˼һµͽƣ
ЦСӹģǲһһƵ
ٺЦҲתȥˣ似ʹڵ似͵Ź뵽Ͽ֮˵ɣ
ǣ
ȥıӰз˷ܵĹâõĺôɲһеƣΪԵƵͨϵ˲Ԫɶò˶ܹͻƵԪϵ˼
˵ڵˡ
ſ̨Ͽ޳˶ӱгһ̨㷭ȥ΢ЦųŰ޳ʮȥ
꾫һɨϱֳЦݡ
޼ɵԪ羹ȻͻƵϵһ۷塣ƽҦԶͻƵϵڡӢԪͻƵϵڡТԪͻƵϵڣӰԪͻƵϵļڣϷεԪͻƵϵ˼۷塣ֻа޳ԪûͻơЦеģǼһʯƵġ


921
ʦ֣ôôˣ̲סʵ
ٺ١ҵĴͻƵֳˡ꣬뵽Ͽȥ֮ǰѴֵƵʺͱ仯ڸҡ
Уû⣡Ҳ˵˵
߰ɣȥˣ˵Ľǵӡ޳ųļ˵
ʮһſȥһš
ˣʦ֣֪˵ʲô𣿡
ҴˡֿˣһֲԪ磬Ԫᱻ¼ȻʼԾ磬ξԪ֮⣬ͻᱻֲ̭ԴļԲٴα̭һأľѾͨˣԽ뵽ϿһǲԪʹ϶ȣһؿΪųΣ˵ԽǰߣϿ֮ĸԽá
Ǹ϶ôˣʵ
֪޳ҡͷ
ʱڿʮ߾һڳ뵽֮ǰ˰ǰʮʮ˴ʱһЦݣΪǶ֪һܹͨ˽뵽Ͽ
룬ǲǻҪ簡ߺŹ
뵭˵ǶҪȥʮСѵ˰һǣȻҲᡣ
˰һѾ˰ɣЦе˵
ɫһֻΪһûȥռ䣬ȥǵһһҵġ
ĬȻֻϵɫ¶֮ͬɫīȥһռ䣬ҲѳθȥֻΪϾҪ뿼ˣǲ˷ǸϾֿ˹ϵ뵽ϿĸϿĸ˰θʲô
ˣߺ׳ųֵ꣬ߡ
꿴˸ߺ׵ˣҲ΢ЦųȥΧһĿĽ;η
ǳ갡
ǰˣ˰һ
˵ܲͨˣ
Ӧûɡһܹͨʲôܹͨ
ɲ˵ܹ˰һֻܹ˵սǿԪȴΪδشﵽҪ˵ʷϣûǸܹһʱﶼͨ˽뵽Ͽ
˵ʷϻûеһͶõһأ
ɣ˵ܹһ¼
ʱŰ޳Ѿߵ˸ߺ׵˵ĸǰҶ˰
ǰСӵǲģߺ״Цųļ򣺡ôͨûɣ
Ȼû⣡Ҳûǫ飺Ҹҽһ¡
ߺ׵Ȼ֪޳ȾŸͽܣǼȻǳѣҲʾ㹻òֻûжԳô顣޳Ҳ֪ǿӣȻЩҲ֪һʵΪĵطԼǿ͵ò˵ءŸҲվһԣ˵ֻš
꣬һ£˭˰ĵһ˫Ŀ͸սųꡣ
ôȣЩ⣬ѵҪһ̣
ܼ򵥣ͱǵ϶ȡ
ãʹشӦûаεһ¶ϴȥռ䣬ȥֲȱ֡
ǣʹػشȴùһ㶣īų㡭֪ο϶ȣ
֪ҡͷ
ôӦôʹ죿
Ŷһµһֲ
㡭˶Цá
һ޴ԲηӿлߵͷϡʮͨǰĻ·Щμӿ˵ߡ
ڷʮæµţЩ˾Ǹտ˵ԱֻǴʱϵɫ·˵ĵӻš
ûŰ
˹ô֪꣬˶ٴߣûмʮͬʱֵʱƽʱһ֣ȴһٵɢƣЩԱн֡
ʱ䵽ˣһʮ㱨̰˵ǾͿʼɣ
ǣ
Ǹվһ˷ǰд˳ȥ˳ڵ̾һ
ˣһйԱÿһһťǳܲסʱ򣬾ͰǸť
һԱ뵽ʼַԱǳ࣬Լһǧңֻǲһӵʱ䣬ͽϣ˳˿ִţӴ˿վԭزҪʮӺʼˣ
ڴ˵ʱ
10987654321
ৣ
ƮϿյķУһ׶һ׶һÿһӿ׶д䣬һߣǧ߶һ档
ڱֵһɲǣ͸оϴѹֻѹǿ󣬳껹оĴҲһɵĴ˴˻΢Цͷ
أѹʼֻǲһӵʱ䣬߰˰ťϵĹʧЩ˳Ԫ˵ĵӶǺǼߡ
أҲоѹĹ㣬ʱܵѹѾﵽߵǰ˼ͨߣʱѾﵽ˼ޣΪԪֻϵ߼۷塣
ǣǳĲͨԪǳ֮תǳڵǳ֮תʱ͸оѹһᡣ
ʵԼǳʵʱǳ֮ȫܹﵽһ۷ʵǳ겢Ҫ̫¶ԼѾע⣬ͶŹʮˣֻҪһťҲͰ
һСʱ֮ʣ˳ʮһˡǧߴʱĿмʮһ˵ϡ
˵˭Ԫ߰
֪֪˳֮⣬ʮ˶ϵż۷壬ûжĲΨһĲ˭ԪʵӴ⡣˭ԪʵӴ⣬˭ͻֵľһЩˣ˭֪ԪǶ٣
֪
ֵܹڣӦҲﵽϵż۷˰ɣ

ûʲôֵģкܶڽ뵽֮ǰǵԪϵ۷塣
ǣ˵겻ǰ
ʲô磿
֪ϵż۷塣
޴ķڣ̰ǸʵѾﵽ˰벽漶ܹ
ٺ١һɵЦŴطһۡ
ৡ
һ߰˰ťȻͬһһ˰ťֻǼӵʱ䣬ʣ˳꣬룬ī͸ߺˡ
Ӷ޴ڣ¶һ˿ѹѾ쵽һˡ
ৡ


922
һߺ״ڵشŴ·ˮʪ͸ȡһƿҩȵȻϯض뵽Ϣ֮С
ֹȥ˴Լʮҵʱ䣬Ҳ˰ť˵״̬ͬߺһ㡣ʱĶͷҲ˺ˮѹ֪ʱѹѾﵽһڡ
ʱоֹ˴ԼСʱ֮ī˰ťֻʣ˳͹롣
΢΢۾˳һۣ˫ȭսһźҲģһһҵģ
ҲĴָ˰ť֮ϣֻŹһť̾Ͱ¡
й˴Լһӵʱ䣬ѹѾ쵽ﵽһ۷壬ź͸Ĺ룬Ҳа⹳뾿ʲôȻܹһԪ˳̶ȡȻд½ľӢ
Ǿ޴ķУ˺ͳ꽻ֵ֮⣬ľŴɫֳһ˿𾪣ŷĽ֮ɫ
С˲𰡣ֻвһʱ䣬ȻԪ˳̶ȡ
һЦа֪ʲôĿǳֻСôǳ˳̶ȣѵΪľ˱죿˼ʵСӰ
ৡ
ѹﵽһ۷˲䣬ھܲסѹ˰ťĹʧˣҲ˰ť³һ
ų꣬Ԫûдﵽϵż۷ɣ
ûУҡҡͷ
촽˶ûÿ߶Լܣܹʡ
˵ˡ
ʹʣ˼Ҳδػش
ԭϢһСʱȻоԡ
̷ҩͲ֮ϯض˫ȴ̽뵽Ϣ֮С
һСʱٴδʮ֮󣬿ʼԾ
ڵǧ̴ӵվʱִ֮Ǿ޴ԲηͶһÿ̾͸оһƵͶԼʶԼʶ̵Լʶ֮γһ赲ƵʵĽֻһСʱʣ˲һˡ
ʱǹƵѾ൱ϵżڣѾﵽ˳ļޡԥǷ̰ťΪʱѾоʶ֮ڴ˴ʹʶڵľѾĸɾǿǳøɬͬɵƤ
ͻȻһֳһ־ͨڵҺԴԴϵĴ̽뵽ʶϵزʶڵľ
Ч
оһϲӴ˹ͨͨӿľ˽Һľóȥ̾γʶǿǳҲرù⻬
ʶŹҹǿԽԽ󣬳ʶͬһתվӿҺʶں͹ģʶϵرˢţسоһɣÿһγˢʶøӵȹ̣Ҳӵ峺ǿǳҲӵؼ̡
ˡ
ľˣϵż۷塣ľһ΢΢ۿһ£Χֻʣ˰ʮˡ
ܹٶֳһ־ͨ磬ӿҺӿʶ
Ǿ޴Բηڣ°͵԰ܹԪһ˵ΪԪʹ⣬⾫жߵľ磬ֵֻܹߵĹڲ֮ǰѾľ磬ֻϵżڡľѾﵽϵż۷壬ôڼ֣
̰΢΢üͷЩǵض겻ΪǿʤӲͦɣʶɾͲˡ˵һӾͷˡ
ҲĿųô죿Сӡڿ˵ʱûа취ľѵСӾͻˣ
̰üͷһɵҲǳܣԭϵżھ˵ĹܹͻƵϵż۷ҲǲܡܿͻᰴťϾڿ˵ʱܹͻһС׾ѾǼˡ
ӵʱܿȥˣʱľѾﵽϵżڣڼֵѾֻʣʮˣЩųӰ
ʱѾ˿ˣϲ֮СӿҺں͹ҵУʶˢø죬ʱʶǿǳתʶγһ籩һҺγɵľ޴ʶڷٵתţʶԽԽȹ̡
ˡ
ľʼϵż۷壬ϵżڣϵż۷塣


923
֮Уʶ籩֪һ湦ֻҪԺÿʽľٶȻӿϡ
ϵżˡôˡ
̰΢΢۾ıƺûܵ˺ֻһͣǾڲϵǡôܣ
ʱڿڽп˵ľֻʣ¶ʮһˣΧ߶ĽǶʮһߡͬʱҲעųꡣ
˳˲𰡣ղԪ˶˵һĪǾҲܹõһ
ܰɣ̫ˡϾ˻һ꣬ҲܽԪ;ͬʱǸ̶ȡ
˭֪أҪˡ˰һ
һǲţҼž˹õһ
۾ʱڽп˵ʣ͹ˡоԼȥܿһͻƵ漶ջǷˣͻƵ漶ôԪľͳ޷뵽Ͽ
˵ˡ
ֹѾԺʱûбҪСʧ
ǡ
һвھͰť˳ˣһֱҺƵʹƴģľͻ᲻ϵĴĴָѾ˰ť֮ϣͻȻͻƵףͻ̰ť
ʱѾʼŤʶľѾļһգȥͻʶˡεؿһ۳꣬˰ťϵĹʧҲһ̰˰ťˣҲоͨ漶ľһ˿ɶ
ǹʧа⻹һĺ÷
һ磬ɫһȻһʹķǺãǿ飬ĵҺҲ̫ˣЩǶˣǴ󲿷ֶˡ
죬ҺȻ֮һࡣ
˶ʳҩָȻʱûʲô£ǻװģķʳһƿҩȻϯض
Ǿ޴ԲηУʮջ̽ľһľ˸˷ܵСӣǰѾͻƵϵż۷壡ţʻǿҵͽˣ
Ŵطһۣ԰ڡ˼ȴ԰ڵʸֻܹ໥һۣĿĽʺޡ
Сʱ󣬿мʣʮһˣµЩ߶ΪԪĲ೬ų⡣
ʱЩ̭߶Ŀʮһˡһû뵽Ҳóõ˵һ
ǹ̥
Щ˺
̫ˣ޼ڿлһȭͷ
޼ɣҲҪŬˣϳĽŲ޳˫Ŀ˸ž⡣
ЩڹעʮһˣʮһȴڹעǰԶһƶľŵֻͨҪܹ߹ľţ֤ﵽ˴ĵִԲ
˵ʮһ½ľţһ̤϶ľž͸оһӽ´˹ôӶľϵֻ֪еȥ˾ʧˡ
ڵĴԶת˲ͺͶľŴĴںϵһ飬ʮһ˶ȫͨ˶ľš

е˶һľţʮһ˾ӵ˽Ͽʸ񡣿˵һǾѾϿˡǼ⾫Ԫʹ϶ȣǽϿ
ǣⲢζǰʮһ˲ţ֮ǰֵĿ˶šΪʮһ˶֪Լ϶ܹΪϿӣľ϶ȡ϶ҲֻΪ˷ŵĸ϶ȴһ߽չĳ̶ȡ϶ԽߣľҲԽߡ
ҲţĽŻԲ֪϶ôˡڿǰһƬ䣬һٸͨĽͣףÿ˽뵽һڣȻ˭ֵľã˭϶Ⱦߡ
꣡ĿսųıԣǾͿ˭ĵһ
ðͷ룬֪ʷ˭ֵð
ৡ
ʮĿ˳꣬ǹʮߣĿͬ׳һץץԴôˣһ׳⣿


924
˵أӵ˵Ȼֵã˼졣
ŶҲֳ֮ɫ

еʮһ߾ٲһŷȥƿ˽ȥķԶϡ
һ£һķ䣬ҲʹԼƽ״ȫķգһȴûУûһҾߡ˷мϥ¡
档
еķУʮʱѾվվϴǰ·ķ䡣̰ų귿˵һܹļ¼˵һֱڴᷢ
ֵưƵģֻ֪ٺɵЦ
ܰɣҪļ¼ôܣСֳܹ죬־ԶĳɼͲˡ
˵û˰㵱ưͣü
ֻǸԤ룬ʡԽʧԽ󣡡˵
ݺݵضŰͻȻչһЦҲ֪Ľʺޣ
Ϻ˿ӿһԵȴЦû֦չ
ڡ
ˡɳɳһ춯ĿĹˣ㿴棬ܵǽ¶ܼСָϸĿ׶ȻʹܼĿ׶дһûȴֱ͸ꡣ
漴ڵԪԶתʶڵǳҲԶתҲԶ
оһаʲôɣôЧ
Ȼ䣬ɫһ䣬оԼľ֮ʶڵԪ˳ȥʶڵǿǳ͵ڵǿǳӦһһǳתٶȺƵʾȻһģһ֮˹Ԫ;Ȼʼںϣᴩ˾ھתǴγһ뵽Ԫں֮һµ֮УøӾ⡣
䡭
ڵѨѨϵı籡ֽһرݿһسƣֻǲСʱʱ䣬ڵѨѾ˵ڶٰʮ˸ﵽϵ˼۷塣
Ȼ㷢Լʵ֮£㿴Լھ󲿷еĻǳ֮ɫģǳ֮Ҳɫģھеȴɫǳ֮һ˿ͷ˿ϸĽɫھת
ܹоһ˿ɫǿֻʵ̫ϸˡоԼ巢˱仯Ŵһ˿תһųʣֻųʲǺɫճģǳɫҾôһѾûųˡףԼ屻֮Ѿûˣٱһ˿ųһ˿ʡ
۲Լ壬ֿʼ۲Լʶüëһڲŷʶ֮ھȻҲʣʱЩڱų⡣
ʶڵʲ࣬ΪһֱɵĶǼΪľȻʾ١ԼֹȥһСʱоˬûйͨ͸ʶڵľҲųľӵľ
ֻЩ׵ǣʶ͵ͨˡǰʶ͵ǸģǴʱȴͨˣΪͨľԪںһ𣬲ôһ˿Ľɫ
Ϊʲô
˳˼ȻһѵΪԼľ˱죿
˵϶ȵĿ˲һִĿˣһִٽķʽǼ⾭Ǳ
ĬĬתǳĬĬƲţа֪Ǵʱʲô״̬
ʱʮ֮ڣʮ˴죬ⶼŤżȵʹʹԾ·ʲôҪı侭
¶һ˿ź֮ɫΪִʱôתǳҲûʲô仯廹ʶųʵҲûѾƽʱٶûʲô֪ڲɶԼѾûˡ
ܹŹȥĸСʱĸСʱû˿ʹ࣬һж鹦ľͱˡ
˼ӣΪѰҾԼľѾˣȫûô룬վŷȥƿţ˳ȥ
Ǿ޴Բεķڣʮξһǧ룬Ҳû뵽һӷĻǳ꣬ǰû뵽ʹЦǿеͳˣ˿ܳԹʲôĵرڿʼʱܹͻͽǵ˺ͻƽһõӰ
İ˸Ҳ¶˼֮ɫǺЦɫѿ̰̾һҡҡͷֳһ˿ϧ֮ɫ
Ŀĳ꣬ɫɫ仯ͣͻȻԾһ˿ϲɫ벻ؿ˾ŴһۣһԲشӷгųȥıĴЦ
ո߳ͼͬһһع˹һץסſȥߵľɫٵصˣͬһ㣬ʲô
һֱȴ˭ܹõһЩ߿˳ӷһĿࡣ޼һͰ͵˵⡭ʲôܣôһ
޳Ҳһ޷ݴʱ顣
˰һΧЩ߿ʼЦ
˵һǹʦ֡
ְ겻ܹõһҲӦȳϾ˰һ
ҿǱѾùˣԺ󲻻ʲôˡ
ԣдɣȻҲСʱˣ
˵òڲֻܹ꣬꣬Իҡ
ԻҶԲɣΪǻԶԶ˦ں棡
˵ò
޳ɫѿ˼㣬Ŀɨȵ죡
ҾͲ죬ôˣҧҰ
顭
޳γ˹ȥһȭǸߵıϣ߾ǹǵǸ߱˳ȥ
ȻҴˣֵ
䡭
Ű޳Ÿ˳˹ȥһϵס֣
漴ѹӿѹȶֻ˲䣬˶죬ȥ̰ڿУϵǡǧѻȸ
ڿŹҪ𣿡
û˸˵޳Ҳɫ԰ס̰Ű޳Լȴãðʮգ
ǣ
޳ͷ뿪˿ƽҲ֮ȥ̰ص˷ָֻ߲֮
ıڣʱӣԶ


925
֪꣬һΪʲô𣿡
ȻƲ⣬ǻҡҡͷĿ¶ڴ֮ɫ
һ˵ν϶ȿáһųԪʣ̻ʹࡣԽã˵ųԽ࣬δĳɾҲԽÿһ߶߾ȫʹ࣬һ룬Ǳͱھһ֡ʶٶһߵҪԾͲ˵˰ɣ
ţͷ
ǡΪʲôôͳˣѵܲʹࣿ
˸âܲʹ࣬ǳʧһߵʲҪģҪߵ־һϼѵʣȴûдҲжٳɾ͡
΢΢üͷ˼һµʦһ⡣
˵
һϼѵ˺һͨǸ˭ֵʱ䳤
񿴰׳һؿһ۳Ȼϼѵߡ
Ŀֳ֮ɫΪʲô
Ϊʲôûкصһ۵ϼѵĵܵʹһЩܵʱͻ᳤һЩԼǱھøһЩЩʲߣܵʹĶ࣬ԽߣܵʹԽ󣬵ʹ۵һ̶ȣûܹܡ
ǡǸϼѾûʣʷǳ٣ǲܵʹ࣬Ҫþʹã
׳հɣûиһ棺ϻ˵𣿾ٺõˣҲʣ
ıȴû˿仯˵Լı侭ʱԼȫȥʱȻ־ĴǸʱȷʵǾ˷˵ʹ࣬ڻ岻ѡԼʳ֮ӦԭԼͨ͸ûһ˿ʡ
΢΢üͷаǲ֮ԺԼûʲôˡԼ˵£Ҳһ˵á
̧ͷʦڷûиоʲôʹֻ࣬΢΢еʹʱ̡֮ܶû˸оģԾͳˡ
ܣ
һ£Ȼһӵȫ棬һһɨ裬ջ˾ͻȻ֮䣬ͷЦ
һЦͲ֪Ц˶ãЦᶼ˳񿴵һ´ųꡣ
Ǽ񵽱˰
˫۷Źضų꣬ͬǼһ㡣ó˲䲼˼Ƥȫֻǵصͷ꣬ƾһʣһߵñԶ㽫ʵһᳬҡǰΪǱѾĸɾԺ󲻻ʲôɾͣʱϹǵۣ
ʱЦû˿óһȻ䣬Цһ٣Ǳٶ𾪣ԭЦģޱȡ
꣬ɲҪ⣡
귭һۣаʲôʱˣһֱòã
꣡ʵǸ˵ĵڶôǿųʶڵʡ㲻ʶҲûʰɣ
Ŀ⾼ץץԴҲûˣ
ɫһųɣ
ţ
ģ
ģ

ȫûشЦθǴվһֻŲ״Цóͷ
Сӣʲô飿
ûûʲô
ߣ
ЦݣϣųһغٺɵЦЦóëȻֳΣôʦҲûʲô˵ġεɫݺݵصһ۵Сӣʦʧ̬ǰɣ㣬Ŵ֪״ҲҺö١Ͳô˵ɣʶʦҿԶԣ㽫ĳɾ;Գʮ̰֮
۾һ˵ô˰ɣ˷ܰɣɣǾʦЦ
귭һۣεҡҡͷʦǵ־һв̰ʲô˵ģʲô˷ܵģʲôģҵĿǳ׷硣
ɫһؿ˳һ۵ڸ˵˵ôôǲ׽ȻĿǰΪֹûܹȫı侭ܹõı侭;
˵˫ĿŹ꣬ľѾȫ죬ʶʣڿԶδĳɾ;ԳܲܳɾǻҪպŬͻԵ


926
ʦĿһղ˵˼Ѿ˿ʼı侭ˣ
֪ҡͷֻ֪֮⣬ûܹʹ죬ʮҲûС
ľˣ
֪ٴҡͷ϶ȿеģġӦþ˱졣
оһаΪȻ˾䡣
Ҫ֪ľ̫żȻɵģͰͲ䡣
ˣ¶֮ɫסʶĴľ춼Ҫ߱ˡ
֪Ҳصͷ
ͿԽϿˡ
ʦϿʲôط
ڱطһ޴Ͽȣɲ⣬˵ûܹ뵽
ʮҲûȥ
ûУҡͷĴʮԽԽǸ˵ѹҲԽûǸʵĻܲס顣ԣһҪǿ
ˣͷҲûн
֪
ôûм
һֱϿ뵽ʲô̶ȣû֪
ô˵ϿҪĵط
ոսʱ򣬻ܹ뵽ϿУֻܹϿһһҪż
ǣʦˣٽϿûɣ
Уȥϣ˰ǴϿ
֪ˣ
ʦˣЩʦֵܶţȥǰɣ
߳˵ң㿴˰޳ȾŸɳ˹߳һ̴ɳվ
ʦ
ͷİɣԺÿʦǵĽҽǵ⡣ҿ˭Ŭ˵ʦ
ǣ޳ŸʵʵӦ
˳ȥ߳ıֳ֮˲õЦݡȻֱһ£ʩʩȻ뿪
ꡭ
޳ų꣬Щѵؿڡֻǻ˳֣Ͳ֪ΰοꡣڰֵԼԼ˵ģ뵽ϿҰѴڸǣȰѴĵִڸʦ֣ѴĵִڸǡȻǳȥģǳ졣ȵǼ֣Ҵ绰ٻִڸǡС
˵ȡѾƺõһЩҩϵЩǸǵģ㹻һʱ䣬һҲӦͨ˽뵽Ͽ
ꡭ
ٴΰֹס޼ɵû̫ʱˣ˭
޳һ˳ɣ꣬Ҽһվ۷塣ȥϿҪǴһƬ£ȥ۸ǻ㡣
ֳһ˿ж֪޳ַͨԼЦҲҪŬ˭һûн뵽Ͽɱұ

˿ʮ㣬ɢеһЦ
ֱʱ֣ճ΢⣬ŽڸһˡʱŸ˶ҲûдǣǺһƿǳҩϢ
ϢϣڴĿĹˣ޳Ѿ˿ʱҲ½۾ߵڣ޳͡޼۾ŵغʦ֣ļٵģ㻹
޳һ۵Ϊ˭ôֺУϻ˷
˶Цеس˳Ŷ˷˲ˣȻһ˺һ㣬ǳԵúܿ֡극֮󣬳˼һµ͸һЩԵģ
ʲôóԵģ޼۰Ͱ͵ؿǲѪǵʱԵĩ֮ǰִ׺Ͱ棿
޳һ۾ͬǿһضųꡣ
ţ
ͷһӣȡһѴ׺Ͱÿ˷ʮ׺ʹ棡
ļٵģ
޳ŸͷųһɨȻһԪռװŴ׺Ͱ棬һʵ꣬ôֺö
ТǺǺһ֣ТɫһȻЩȻ꣬㲻ֲЩɣ
ôУЦе˵
Тһܼӵıⲻ˷ǸطҪѳҩ԰ûɵġ
˵ʲôƽʵ޼ɺͰ޳һȻ򣬳Ŵƽ˰ڰֵǲҪˣסЩ׺Ͱ治Ҫóȥ԰ڡʱ򣬳ˣҪǿԳԵǰϲʳˣǺǡ
ˣվŴȥ
㣡޳Ҳվ֮ҾҪȥҡ
ô£΢΢üͷ
޳ʹŰ˵һ飬Ȼ˵һ㣬ȥ׽գӦҡ˲Ǻǡ
ȭͷһ°޳û˵ʲôȥܿ죬Ǿ˿ʱڿѾкܶˣʮ˶ѾΧΧŸеߡÿһǵĿⶼ¶Ľ֮ɫʮ˵ҲǴ㼲
ⲻǳ𣿡
һ۾Ϳ߽ĳ꣬ʵһֱڹעڣǵųĵοһֱڱѹ̧ͷԪ˵ˣٵˣѹû뵽һؼĿˣ϶ȿˣȴ˴ˡȻȡʷĳɼͳˡ
ΪźͬʱҲĻŭšڿüˣԼò˶ãͻᱻԶԶ˦˺档ʱ˵ҪʮСλãǾһЦһЦ
ϴƽ΢Цߵʮ˸ǰͷкʮȻҲͷ⣬ɫ֮Ա䵭Ψиߺ׻ȵļֻоź
꣬˵϶ȿ˷˲ͳˣЦеʵ
ţͷİ޳ȾŸ˶ԹŭĿӡ
ȴ·ûп޳ŸĿ⣬Цеųź˵ʵڵģοǰһԪѹȥѹȥȻʤֵüΪɡԭΪ϶ȿҲõһȴû뵽ҵõ˵һǺǡ
ʦ֣Աһ͹Це˵ʵ˼ҳҲ˵һǵһ



927
ΧشЦ޳ȭͷҪȥѵǸӡȴߺȵ죡ϿҲܹ۵ģ
Ǹɫһͣ¶һ˿־塣ֳãҲ֪˵ĹأϿߵĵλǱĵλߣϿλҲҪľӢλߡҲûзʲôǳųЦ꣬Ҽǵ˵ҪʮС֮λ𣿡
Цѵʧȥˣ
̾һЩŶ϶ȿ˷ڲż룬죬ĻǲӴ
국һЦĿת˸ߺףߺף˶á
һ룡ߺش𣬺ԶԼĿ˳ɼܲ⣬Ȼּ˵˲죬īոչ졣
ͷаʦԣʻǲرĹ룬δ˵ܹﵽʮĳɾ͡
ֻǡ
˵ľ˵ܹ߶ԶҪľϵж١
Χձ֣Ȼʱû˵ǹԳѾΣīȻûб¶ӣҲֳһԸκνʵɫûԸһûǰ;˽컰˵һ¨壬ԼҲһ¨ӡֻиߺĿź
ʱһ߽˿Ŀһɨ˵ͨ˵ʮһ
ʮһ̴Ⱥ˳Ǹ˵ؿһۣһԲתߣʮһ˽˺档ÿ˶СǴǸ˵ϸоǿϢ
޳ųʧıӰתͷ޼ɵ˵ȥñˣŬҪ˳
ǣ
޼ɵӦŸѸ˿
ʮһ˸Ǹ˴ԼСʱ·̣һǰ߽һڴһ̨˴ų˷̨ǰһСͷǰ
ϣǽˣǸСվ΢Цʵ
ţ΢΢ͷȻԳ˵ǵоƬȡ
̽ԼоƬȥ˳˷̨ϡС΢Ц˵Եȣ
Ȼȡ̨ϵоƬʼ֤˵ݣȻµϢһӵʱ䣬ͽоƬ˳ˡ

˸߽һȣȻƿһţ˸Žȥһģķ䣬ʱѾʮˣÿ˵϶ɢǿϢһʮĿɨ˹ͬóʮһ˵񾭱ܵı̴ս״̬
ϰѳʮһǰ棬վǰ·ʮȥʮҲǶһ𣬶Ƿֳĸ塣ǰа˸ˣ˵ǿϢһ˫˫ĿҲʮֵ
ڵڶŵʮ˸ˣϵϢҪȵһŵһЩĿͬڵŵ࣬жʮһˡϵϢȻǰţȴǰûеı뺷֮
ɫͻȻһ㶣ڵŵֻһˣǸϵϢҪܶ࣬оûԼǿ˫ĿҲһ˿һ˹
ʱϵؿˡĿʮһˡ
ǽһ£ЩϿСӵĶӳԺǾҪЩСӡסһУһ𣬽ִҲһϿСӷĸΣΪұڵһŵİ˸ڼ׼Сӣ˸ǰ˸׼СӵĶӳڵڶŵʮ˸ҼӵĶӳŵĶʮһǱӵĸ֧СӵĶӳڵŵǸǶСӵĶӳ
ʮһϵĽ·˹ȥһŵİ˸ӳϴŵưڶŵʮ˸ɢŲŵĶʮһЩľȻһƬǸ¶ֻоɥˣȫ޷˻Ͽĵӡ
ĿһɨʮһˣĿɨʱ΢һüͷ˵׼յ϶ȿм쵽֮ߣ룬īУ
īϴŽɫǰһڵһŵİ˸ߡǰ˸ߵĿҲ۽ϡ
ǹ룡ϵ˵ֵʱ룬īֵʱһСʱ˷ǰ˸飬ǰ˸ɡ


928
룬Ǽ׼һСӣǶɣǶ˸֮⣬Ըĸ
룬ǡ

˸Сӳ̿ʼŹ⣬мѡѾ׼ڵ֧Сӡ֮˸ֿʼī
꿴Եһ߱ߣҲߡֻʣһվǰ档
߽꣬϶ȿмֲ죬ڶӣҲֻһСӣҲͬˡ꣬ǾĶӳ֮š߰ɣϵӵصȻ
ǣ
ͷӦǣһŵ֮ȥ˵ʱһرеɫǿţǲʱܹЦɫȻߵ֮ŵĸǰò˵ӳ
ţ֮ŵͷֳΣվ߰ɣ
֮ţͻȻһ֮źͳ궼תͷȥһŵһӳȻ˵ǵµĻ֣ҪϽ
֮ŵɫһ漴ĵǵãǡ
ȥɣ
ǸһŵĶӳ˵֮תϱֳһ˿裬ųһۣȻȵߣ
΢΢һüͷûþȥ鿴ԷϿʵóȻȥ̽飬»ᱻԷ֮ǰ̬ҲǳˬĬĬظ
߳˷䣬˳һͨߣȻƿţ뵽Ͽһ·ԶԶĿһ޴ϿȣֻǾ̫ԶòھϿȸĵϻһЩߣһ
һ뵽̾͸о˴ȻΪϿȷǳԶ֪Ĳôȴһ˿ڽڵĴ
ʥذ
ĿԶϿȣɷ˽Ų֮Żͷ˳һۣ촽䶯һ£ȴ̾һɫº͵ҪˣԺͿȥˣǻȻסĵطɣ
ǣ̬֮ºͣҲòػص
ҪſǰҪôûΣա֮ſʼһЩϿĹأһһšȻЩ˵ûǷǳ档
֧ܹ꣬ˣˡ϶ûмֵģǸûʲôǰ;ÿ±ÿϽһٸ֡
Ͻ֣˭΢΢üͷ
֪лģҪϿһأҲˣǡ֪ˣ
֮ųĬһұεСÿ¶ȶһΣ˭˵һǵĻ־ͽ˭Ȼ֮ıȶҲƵ֮ĻֶעͲ˵ˣ˵Ҳûйϵ
üͷ׵ȻҲûбҪ϶ȷⲻζĻ־ˣҪŶһһЩԼҪĶ
˵䣬һѾоˣϿһס
ҵıɣҶڵ㡣
֮Ž뵽ڴʱĸˡ֮źͳ˽һɳվӳ
ɣ
֮ɳϣ֮Ÿܵλǽɽλλëλ쳹
ĸ˷ֱк֮ŵ˵꣬ղѾ˵ˣÿҪٻֻ֡ٻȴܹƽֵ
оһȴû֮ż˵֮ŵ˿ɫûʲôӦ¶ʶɫ֮ż˵гļ룬ǷֵĻ·һ¡
ĸߵ϶ֳϲɫر쳹˼䣬֮ż˵𣬳ÿϽٻ֣쳹ëϽһٻ֣ͽɽϽʮ֣ʣµʮҳ
ǣ쳹ĸӦ
ȴûӦĥţǰ֮ŵʵǿǽɽë쳹ʵֲͣøղôˣΪԼˣԼ˳Ļ֣ǶΪԼʵ͡
ڿԼҪҪ֣ȱò˶ͻὫʵǸʱͲǣʱϽ֣˵ᱻúýѵһ١
϶ѵΪԼǶľŴһᳰЦһܲ裬ϡҳϽ˻֣ʧȥ֮ģǳΪصġ˲;ܹϽ֣ΪᵽҽԺ
֮ûĻش𣬱΢΢üͷ˳꣬΢üͷ˼ϱֳ˲õô
ʱѾָƽ֮ŵ˵ҵĻҵģҲκˡǾҲʺǵСӣҿ˳
˳֮ȻЦϿ˶Сӣǹ涨û˿Եɡ֪ϽֵĺΪԸϽ֣
ʲô
ɫƽȻ֪޷ǾǱҽԺһû˹ǻ
ʲôߣ֮ɭȻᱻýҽԺȻԺĵһٱýҽԺһֱȵԸϽΪֹ
üëǶ
ͨ죬쳹ݺݵųȱٽѵñȰҽԺ֪ǿΪġ
͡
ЦһȻû˶֪Цĺ塣
Ҳǿߣ
ǻûеȵǷŭɫĿϵǿǲģ
ɫһͣ漴ɫȻã֮̾ϢһȻǿߣҲᱻѹ
ҡҡͷָĲʵָģ֮ģ
ָָԼһߵǿʶãҲǿ󡣶һߵȻãֻҪ㹻ǿȴδزܹΪǿߡ
֮㶵ų죬ȴΪһ̾꣬뷨δ뵽Ͽ֮ǰҲУǡʵǲпġһֱסҽԺոٱҽԺ֮Ļһǰǿ𣿡
һᣡصͷ
͡ЦһҲͬһ棬Ҹ꣬αҽԺΣ֪߸޷޷γΪǿߣ˵Ļ̫ˡ
ˣ֮üĵ꣬㲻ҪˡɣҰĻּһЩ


929
ӳĸϱɫ
ˣڰֵ˵ˣҲϽһ֡ӳ鷳ҵıĸҪȥϢ
쳹վȻųСӣ͵ҸѵֻסʮҽԺ
У국ʵ
Ǻǣ򲻴˵˲㣬ûǸʸ֪һǷҵҲǡǽ뵽Ͽ͵ſš
ðɣվһ۵˵ãˣҿɲ⡣
֮Ҳվ߰ɣȥҡ꣬ģǲһϣֻҪչʾʵŵʲôΣʲôεĻܹ֡Ҳܣʮ֡
һֶõġ국˵
仰ǵ˵֮ŵ˵ȻŴҽ뵽˵ңĸվһߣ쳹վ˳Ķ棬쳹ϵ˼۷壬Ԫϵ˼۷壬ִڡ
ɫһ㶣Ŀת֮š֮ŵ˵ھϵ弶Ԫϵʱ򣬴˵ִԲͽ뵽ϿϿ߲٣ֻһ
ɫ΢ôߣ
쳹ֳһ˿ɬԸʲôãʲиʲôɾͣ㲻֪϶ȵҪһʱ֪ˡ꣬ȰһΣʵʵϽְɣʡƤ֮ࡣ
곯쳹һȭ꣬ϵż۷壬Ԫϵ˼۷壬ִԲ
쳹øӳĿ˵꣬ҪΪľԪҸߣΪʵҸߣ㲻֪뵽֮һߴʲôʵ
΢΢üͷʲôʵ
Ӧ֪ÿһΣʵ
ǣͷ
ֺ͵֮ž޴Ĳ졣ǰֻǴĳڣֻн뵽ֲǲڣֻߵʵ
ģ˫ĿŹ⡣
쳹һ۶ĳ꣬Ȼûдӳпһ˿־壬˷ܡ
Ա֪
˵쳹ʹ˰˳ųȥ쳹ԣȻڴ⣬̽ǳ֮˵˼£˵ִԲǳȭɵĺ˳ȥ
䡭
˵˫ȭݺݵײһ𣬶Ҿǲһ쳹ͱ˳ȥұ۶ѣݺײǽϣַ˻һ˿ѪųĿ˲źͲʡ
ŵǳ꾹Ȼʵʵֻʹ˰˳ȴûս֮ܡ
аԼľԪԭͱȶԷǿֻǴȶԷΪҪԼʵĲԪǳ֮ʹҲǴ˶Էĸ첲ҲǷ飬ֻǶѡ
뵽ֹȻһ
۾ԣ
𾪣֮ĸҲޱȣû뵽꾹Ȼܹ쳹Ȼڳ֮ǰ쳹ʵ͵ģʵٵҲǴְôꣿ쳹ľԪĲ࣬Ӧȫѹ갡
겻Ҳ쳹Ӷֻ֣ʹ˰˳ʹʮһܹܳꡣ
ëɫʮѿݺݵص쳹һۣаʲôⲻǶǰϿǰҲˣ񶼶ǰˡ
ߵ˶棬Ȼų꣬Ƕˣܹ֮쳹ʵǿ쳹ûʹȫ㲻ϰɣ
˶Էһֳۣս⣬Ҳ֪ʹȫһʲô
ս
ʱѾ˴ĿģʱΨеͷսսͬһŰ˫Ŀͬһ㣬ôĿ
ëϵżڣԪϵżڣڡҾɽ
ëڴһĺϵƶȻţʱ˸оһͷܣһֻѾֻƶʹһȦ첲ϵļͬɽһ¡ζ޴˳
ëû˿֣Ĵ쳹һֻǾԪ΢쳹һЩʵ쳹߲˶٣쳹Ѿˣﻹһ˿ûһʹԼǿʽɽ
ô˶ս쳹ʱʵҪԼʵϿеĲࡣ
䡭
ȭͷײһëδֻ˫ҡһ£ȴĺˣ˳˰˲ͣë˫Ŀֳ˾ȣǲóȫѹ׵ľжʹ˳Ȼֻǽˣû˺ֺ
ôǿ
顭
ס˽ŲĿ˶ëϿ߹Ȼ˲ãʵϿ֮⣬ͬûж֣ȴ·硣һսļȶԽԽǿȻķ֮һΪһХҵĿ𶯣ƥŶëײȥ
ëһֻѹײ˹ϢΪ֮һ͡
顭
ëܹˣһ˾עʧܣǰ̤һϵ޸Ŷȥ˵ڿײδֳʤξͬڵһطǱȭͷϱңֱӷһǳȭͬһǳһ׹䣬ëƤֱоԼȫûܵĽǶȣΨӲ
ɽ
䡭
ë͸оԼһɽ֮ϣƹ˲ѣ޴ӿسֱۡ
ꡭ
ֱҲ֮ѣεɶڱѪκݺײǽ֮ϣ˻ˤ˵ϡ
꾲վҵ룬Ȼδ˵Ұȴ·ڲϵ׳ͬһһ㡣
ƣ
شų֪꣬ʱϵƾͬһƬһ㲻ϵײ
ֻǾվͬһǳһ㣬ֻһָоԼС
һųĶȥܹȥΪ漰֡ȥζҪԼø꣬Ҫ๱׻֡ҴʱȻΪԼսʤ꣬ҲܣϾʵҪǿһЩ
ϵżڣԪϵżڣִڣ
˫ĿһʣʵǿѾﵽ˼㣬˭սҪһƷɣˡ
ս
ǰ糵ֹҲǰзǳβܹ˳ꡣѸٵؽӽȭͷͬһƬ죬ȭͷͬһǳҵضײһ


930
䡭
ξȻ˭Ҳûкˣһ𡣳˸žâ˵ˣ
ҰˣԾʵ
Ȼͣȴޱʤ֮ģֻ͡ˣѾˣһ˿ʤ
ɫãȴΪһ̾ʮ˵һûдѾѹϰˣʵԱԼ͵ǿѹһԼʵµߣϾˣûбʤš
ʱѾо磬Ǳʤ֮ʤһͷսȥҲֻ֮;ɥسų깰֣ȥĿ˽ɽɽЦһµҺʵ£սҲգ
꽫Ŀ֮ţ֮Ŀ⸴ӣ̾Ϣһ꣬Ժÿֻʮּɣ
ͽɽԣϾ㶼¶˿ЦȴҡҡͷҵĻһҲϽҵľҵġ͸˿ԣҲû˿
֮ɫһȻֳһ˿ŭܹ꣬һܣҲҪóʮ֣ѵҪǰٻȫֵ
국ҡҡͷ˵ʵǰǿ֮ģԵΣֿұӵѹǵѾˣûɴһѾˣΪǷֵΡǰ޳ǣԥسͷΪԼѣΪĹǿݡ޼ɣڵб˵Ļᣬȴ׺ȥԼһסԺ
ֵý󱳽˴˵ֵܣ
ԣֻǵҡҡͷǿԼϽǵĻ֣ҵһٻǿԸЩˣҲҪӮң
֮Ҳ¶˾塣ǽ뵽ϿʱȻҲֻǱķûгǿ֮ģû˵Ҳû˿ҪӮĻ
֮̾ϢһҲͳ귭Գ겻һߣҲûбʤİգ㣬Ĳǿ
ðɣҴȥı֮ԥһ¼˵꣬㡭Ҫǣ
ĬȻ֮ҲĬȻӵгŴȥ߳ţӭ֮ŵɫһ䣬ɫЦݵ磬ôˣ
Ŀɨȥֳһ˿ȣһʶǸոռ뵽׼СӵĹ룬ʱǸЦе˳ꡣ
꣬оʲôһЩ磬벽漶Ϊִڵǿߡ
磡òĹʩ
λȴûпֹɶһֱۣӶ֮˵֮ţ֪ͨ㣬㽻ǵĻֿɲ֮ǰ٣١ȻˣҪһݡУԺǰû־ԵĹǡ
⡭֮ŲɽĿһԵĳ֮꣬û̴Ӧɫһô
֮Ŀ⣬˵ҲϽһֻ֡ҪӮң
֮ųһĿ˸мֻ˵Ͻһֻ֣ôȫԲֻҪ֮Ҫ־Ϳˡѹѹ֮ŵϡ˵ˡҪӮҡ仰ͱӶӰ˳ȥҪһٻ֣꣬Ӯꡣ
ʱ˳꣬һԵĹǾȵ۾
ꡭŰ𣿾Ȼҷų˺ԣΪ
˳һֳۣ˲мȻ˵ǳꣿ

˰һ
ֻǵͷǸ飬ֱ˵
Ҫѵһ£Ҫ֪ĵһϿһ°ɣ
䣬һֻȭͷĵػ˳šͻȻʧˣƵʩչ˳
û˿Ӱֻþһʹһֵ棬Ƥһˤڵϣ˹ȥ
ǡ
֮𾪵Ըӣղ֮ڵһֱǸͣҲ϶ߵǸ͵·ӣû뵽ͻȻʹôһƮ似ȫǵԤϡ
һ˸͵ôܴƮݵ似
꣬ôҡ
Ŀͬһɨ˹룬ֻ棬ȻһӽҪ˵Ļ˻ȥٲ߹ʱ֮ŲŷӦ˹æ׷ȥ·ڳתĿ֮󣬲ŷӦ˹ɳųıӰ꣬㲻Ҫ⡣òһ꣬ò˰꣬Ҿͻڽ£


931
ͬûĽһ㣬֮ŵıҲûǽ˼֮ŵεغͳȥ
뵽Ĵתһ£ֺıࡣϸ֪һ£Ȼ֪뵽ԼǸ裬б˽ȸС
û뵽һ뵽֣Ȼ˴ܣһҪȽְȥ
Ǹ֮ˣ뵽̴ӱ˳ȴ֪뱳صСӣͼӴ׵˵һ֮󣬵СӵĶӳĸ繳˫֮ŭ
͸زɫȴ˸оһ˿ůоֻб
űŭĹʱѾɫʮѿΪԼʵ꣬ΪԼ˳꣬ɵĽǰһӳٸһλᡣһѳҽԺϰ꣡
ˮղѾӹĿе֪ԳʱǶôģҲΪʵԶΡֻܹܹ֮λ裬˵似Ҳʮ־ˡɳʵΣҪ֪ٴǰȥɰܸ˳꣬ǵСӵɾͶˡƽ似𣿡
ʮ˵һʮᡣ֮ǰûʹȥԻʹʮ
һµãȥɡβҪʧ֪õʲôĳͷ
ε˫âӳġ֪ô
߳˱ţ˳ʯ·ϿȵķȥԶԶӰӶһ·ϵɱεͷų·ϵ߲עĿ
꣡һȴӵһ˿кȳ
ס˽Ų΢΢۾ȥȴκ͹롣
顭
κ͹˳ǰε˫ĿʱѾͬһ㡣˵ʷϲûϿ߱ȴûбӵһǶӵ׼ӵˡ
ܹݺݵŰһΣͳ׵ضˣû˻ˡԣһ³Ķ棬ҲֱӽȫԪ۵۷壬˫΢΢ͬһżȥڵ
顭
屬˳ȥХ̶һñֱͬһ˴ǹųǰش˹ȥ
ֻѾ˲ʹ̵˳ǰǳȴ˲ʧˡεоһݣһӾ˳Լơλδرڿмٵת˫˫Ųܹͣڷơ
ھ״Ӱ¶ֳһ˿ЦƲܹԽףصƮݣ޼Ѱڶ׽Լ켣ͬʱѰжֹؼλΰԼصͬһһ㣬ҪȥεĹؼλĲǹؼλҲ˺
ʹԼƣΪԷֻһ벽漶ĺ滹֪ж漶ǰ¶ԼԼֻв
ʱѾ䵽ϵѾ˳꣬ƣ׼ꡣǾƵ˲䣬ʧˡŵֿʼܷͣǳֳ״
顭
ͻȻʧȥƮݣͬһǳһ׹䣬ǳ֮ͬһھУǱǳȭźƺȥ˵ҰУ˲䷢˷츲صر仯ԭƮݵƱ˽Ȼ෴ĸͣ˴һƲɵ⾳ֻһ˲䣬е˶оʵﵽεľ硣
ʲôܣ
ǵһ챨ĴֻֻеִԲ
䡭
εȭͷݺݵײһεһΣȻûкˣȴо첲ľҲʧȥƽ⡣
顭
ÿһµĴضȳһӡ֮󣬳ַ˱仯Ʈݵʧˡ
ֽȻ෴ı仯ηǳزӦұľҪҲٳ
顭
һֵεĲϣ¶˳ε˫һȻĿгͲʣǸɴػ˹ȥ
˵ϣ붼ûпһۣϿȵķȥųıӰֻóıӰԽԽߴȻԶȥȴѹԽԽ
Ȼһҧ⣬ѹ˫ֺݺݵȭͷһźֻʱҵʱãҵ϶ȱߣһһڽ£һ첻Զ


932
顭
һӰȺг˳ڿһˣҪſ񣡡
ڿͬһֻӥ˫ӥצų˫ץ˹ȥ˫צɢϬûܹϣֻҪץס˳˫磬˫۾ͷˡ
˲ʧо顱һǸߵλδ䵽棬˾Ѿȥˣصˤ˵ϡ
һУ
ֻһУͽԷ裬ⲻΧľһаԼԳһʽƣܲƽ⡣
źæ֮䣬Щ˶ûаƽƣһʵǿߡЩߵ꣬ΪԼ䣬ȥӮˣЩ˵䡣ǶûǰҪ˼һӦԳִ򷨡
Ҳܽţͨ⼸ν֣зǳǿиƷ֣߳ԲǶ֡
һ̤곤һ֪Լʱȫˡû˸£κʽд衣ΪﶼһߣκߴŴ״̬еߡ
Ҳʮûн˵ߣǼ׼СӵҲ¡Լܾ֣νλ裬ǴĴСӲܹԼСԺڼ׼Ӿ޷㡣ҾԼ׼СӵĶӳܣͻ׼ӣΪ׼ӻΪ׼ս
룬Լ߳ȥʱ򣬵СӵһڵȴԼ
һҪѴͻƵ֣
һǰȥǰ˲ٵߣĿĹˣǧˡ
ôˣ
һҪ˶࣬һкܶʱûڴߡ
Ͽжߣ
΢һҲˡһ̭һؽϿȻ٣Ͽȴǲϵ߽룬ȻԽԽࡣ
ʱĳѾܹоһֲöģͬģǿöģĸܲ͸޷
Գ꿴δϿȵһǽô£ߵǵǽмϿĹ׼ʱһǡôӵվҲ׼뵽ǽ棬ϴϲ֮ɫΪһʱ䣬ܹĸоԽ뵽ǽһˡ
ɫһ㶣ܹĸоãҲͺáųλֵܣôû㣿һ
˴кòضס˽Ų˵ǣ
˵üëһ£ֵôѵһ궼ھԪң϶ң
΢΢ҡͷǽոձˣ
ʲôһЩȻһۣûдŵˣŲŵųˣ
ţͷ
ֵʵ͸ҽ뵽ǽڣ
⡭ؿһ۰ǽ⣬Իʵʲô𣿡
ˣ˵ɫӹŹ֣ûпϿ֪
ûУʵʵҡͷҽյʹҴææظˡ
ô˵ãһѵ˵ģⰫǽ֮ڵʲô˶ܹġ
һ£оԷûбԼģһֿЦõɫ㹰ֵֵָ̡
ͱ޷ðȻ뵽ǽڣܵ˺ȻȴԪıҡֻĸܵ˴ܹôȴ赼ֱҡԣû߶ֻܹڰǽţֱǸܵн뵽ǽڵʸ񡣸ҿһʱ䣬ĸܵ㻹ڰǽúøܰɡ
ĳļһƬ֮ɫ߽˰ǽȥڿһλϥ
û뵽ƣҲҴ⣬վָһߣȷԼȷʵܹܵžٲ˽ȥ
ʱǸָѾ͵رĿܴûע⵽˽߽˰ǽ֮󣬱оӵڵԪ;Զǰһоܸӵǿ˵ֵס

һ³һ֪ԽߴܻԽǿԼûн뵽ֵʱǲܹ롣
Ѱһյ£̿ڵĴȥϿĴԴﵽĿġ
ֹȻӵؼѣһһȴһһʧܡż֪Լӵű˲߱ƣǾԼľѾȫɹԼǳ֮ΪڵҺڣ˵޾ͲҪںľʱ뿪ָһֱģżʳһƿǳҩĵԪѾʶڵҺͨ
ˡ
ϿһĻڣʮΧֺǺǵ˵ĵӳӲһʮߣȻҶԼ׼߶֣һνͬһ裬ǽҼԵһߴ衣õ
͡ЦһҿͲʲôӲšһոս뵽Ͽˣ͸˷˵ƷҲ
ҿǲ֪ôдһ˵ΪϿûˣӴ֪ǵĻжˣõĽжֲˣҿ㻹ǸϽҽԺԤһλɣ
Ц
ʲôЦģ˵ҵĵӣҵľҵġ͸˿ԣҲû˿仰ϲҪӮң仰Ҹϲ֮ģٲֻҪ֮ģܹվ֮ۡ
ѴɴɣƲƲԳǸӡĵĻԺͺͲԵˡǺǡ
üһҵҪ˭ҰҵĵӴסԺ
ôֳһ˿ҪԴС
˵ҵȻᡣСֻй˼ɣϿһԺֲҪֱ֣ӰѸַ˴ҽԺֻǸˣʲô
ǺǡҲڴڳ
ڡ
ˡ
оһĴϵһ𣬲˹۵ʼƤ


933
⣬˸׼ӣʮ˸ҼӣʮһӶɳһԱеϥϣеʯϣеĸɴڵϡǶڵȴųΪǶ֪׼ӵСӵһ߾͵ȴųܾôŹ꣬һѶڳϵ
ֲܹҲҪ˾жǿȻܹν벽漶δ衣
һ϶Ȳôһģ
ʱѾЩ飬ȫͶ뵽֮СԶǸڰǽָ۾ֳ˿ɬȻڿԸоˣҪĴʵ̫ˡղ໥ĳײһѪӿˣòʱͣƽϢһڷӿѪ

³һЩĬĬȥгĽȻɫһ㶣˳ĲӰ
⡭ⲻǸСôܽѵѾܹ֪ôܣһ꣬һ죿
ĿضųĲӰѪӿסĺڰʵԽֽ
ǡ
ʧɫƽһϢ
Ϣ
Ǹߵ¶𾪵ɫǽ뵽ֵϢȻϢСȴʵʵڵؽ뵽ֵϢ
⡭ôܣ
Ǹߵɴ۾ȫһ˹ɫ
ĴͣƤоƤڲͣرǿͣʼ뵽еʱȴоѣʮֵؼѡ
껺³һɢȥ˴ĿѰ˼ԭУһ˿ΪԼľ粻ҲΪԼԪ粻ΪԼľԪ粻ͬһ硣ľϵż۷壬Ԫȴֻϵ˼۷壬òһ
Ҫٵͱ뽫ԼԪϵż۷塣
дʱѾǾԪ֮˾ͲܹǻúѡԪͬͻһЩ
ӵվ׼뿪ȰԪͻȻоһĿԼתͷȥȴǸڰǽڴָԼߣһմģͣˮ֪òسͷٲȥ
°ͣ
Ǹߴŵͺϵһ𣬴ӵڵһ˳ǰ´ų꣬ȻС˵㡭ͻƴˣ
ţͷ
㡭϶Ƕ٣ǸߵֳĽ֮ɫ
죡
졭ôܣ㲻Ҫƭң
ЦõصʲôƭġѵһԸԼ˵òɣ
⵹ҲǣǸһµʶܹͻƵ֣ΪʲôҲа
ҡҡͷ࿪һ߹ǸִӺ׷ֵܣܸܲҽͻƵģ
һߣһߵ˵ǽĴϣ
֪Ǹյ˵ҾˣֵܣҼӵʮһСӵΰֵôƺ
Ƕӵĳ꣡
ǶӰ
귭һۣǰߣΰһ߸ںһţûеΪʲôӵʶܹͻƵ֣ҼӵȴȻҵҼӺܲҲӦð
ӿ˽ŲЩܲˡ߳˴Ŀһɨ㿴ʮϣʯϣڵϡһĿ̻ڳɫ
ɫһ룬һЩ˾ڵԼЩ˵Ҳһ㶣ȫû뵽ôͳ⻹ûеɣǸ߽뵽Ҫһ£е˶ܹһδһ꣬ꡣûйϲȳߡЩߵбЩȻӦǳ̫ûи֪žɥ˳һ룬Щߵб¶֮ɫ
һȡ˵绰Ŀɨˣ֪Լ˳һ㲻ʮ壬վҪҲҪ֪ԼЩϿ߱жĲࡣͣŲɴվȺ
һٶЩ绰֪ͨԼСӵһ˿塣ܳҲܳʵΣƾݵ¾͵õ˵𾴡һڵ绰аѳı˵һ飬Ե绰ͷҲܺ棬һ׷׸
ϿڣֻҪûڸ߶׷뿪˱ŴӶ
һ¥ľʮŲϣһشĺվʮҲǵõϢ֮˴˴Ӹµ˵ĬȻĳꡣ
СȻ˵ݵǿ󰡣̰͸¶һ˿͡
𣿡˵Ҹұ֤һ;Բ
Ҳӵ˵˵ˡСӾǲ֪ߵغ񣬲֪ϿߵΪƾıܹϿСȵסҽԺ£Ժ֮󣬿ټЩߣֻĶӣҲûнյĹ
һȰӲҪҲգɡ
ȻǿŰɣ
ಡ
ߴӿн䣬׼ӵĵһСӶӳûϿ֪飬û׼ӵİ˸СӳֻеСӶӳ͵ڰСӶӳˣСӳϿ
ʮ˸Ҽ߸СӳʮһʮСӳȻӵЩ˶ˡҲ٣нˣΧΧķ겻͸һһطɵ˿Уվڴĳȥ
һٶ˴ʱվڳĶ棬һٶ˶ûн뵽ߡʱ´Ŷĳꡣ˲෽ȺУڶСӵ־ԶҲڴųꡣڳĴں̵ܶʱＸϿ
Сʱͨ˽ʷϵļ¼½뵽ڵһȡһһδʷϵļ¼ȴû뵽ڽϿ˵϶У¶ʡ
Ҳ̫źˣ
ǾʾȻûд򵹳꣬һûе͵ľڽϿĵһԼύһ֣ҷųԣҵľҵģҲ㲻ܹҪӮң
𾪵ǣ꾹Ȼöû˿İ취ҳ껹뺷ؽ׼ӵδ裬õСӵĶӳ׻𱬣˽쾡һΧһ˵ĳ档


934
˵ʷϴûзǶ˵ִһʷ¼־ԶԳܺ档ΪȥˣȻ֪˵ļѣ⻹ڼ׼ӣڶӵĳļѡ

־Զ̾һ֪½ǹȥˣҽԺǿ϶ģֻǲ֪ᱻȥסá
ʱ򣬵ڰСӵĸ嵭˵ˡ׼˸С֮˾Ҳû˰ѳһǿܹǿο껹һ
ֻǳ굱ӿ£ȻŹĻᡣȻ϶һᱻУóһҲڴǣɫ˵㲻ԳֶԸһ˰ɣ
ɫû˿ı仯ؽĿӳת˸ϡ
Ȼᣬ³ҵǺ
ɴŵЦݣҪʱԡǵСӺͳ֮飬Ҳܹ룬ӳȻ̧۲Գ֣ôǵСӵķ񣬾һ׼óսԸඣ
ֳŭ֮Ļʵ̫ˡʲôӳ̧ۣ˼ǹʵզأֻҸоðˡ
ʲôСӵķǳսҲû˵Ҹոս뵽ϿʱǸʱߣ۸ҡû뵽ս뺷ȻҴ򵹣ȴõĳսұΪӣʵ𽥳Խ˹ǹҴһΡʱϵףƫƫܹ˵ʲô
ȣȻܹŽһ˶Գһ˳սҲܹóùĿӹ˸ӳյϡ
ǵСʵڹߣһ۷塣ȻҪѵ꣬Ͳ֣ջĿĳɫ˵꣬ҸһᡣһɳһߺдһӮˣԺʵʵÿϽҶٻ֡һٻǶĳͷӮˣ֮ĶԹһʹҵĵСҲ鷳
Ҳ֪õĽҲԹҪ֣Ӯҡ仰ͷǰʮߵ˳صм䡣
ӦֳɫתͷԼյɾذУҪʱ䣬ҪСӿǵСӵǿ
İɣӳͷ촽ųȥ
ھʮ״ͣ£ų΢΢ʩСӸӳաԪһ۷壬ִڡ
һ
ǿ
ǳеĵһͷûн뵽֮ǰֵ֪֮ǰʱ򣬻ԼƾʱӦܹ൱һ۷ʵǸղŽ뵽ֻ֪֮һߴʲôı仯֮ǰִԲľԲһ־һ۷Ķ֡

Ҳ뵽֣ȻֻǴƤڣҲǽ뵽֡Ӧܹһһ۷壬Ϊǳ
ǡ
ղǴ֣Ǵ֣˳оû˿աûн뵽֣Ҳûкߴֵֵ߽֣ܡ
ֻܹ䲻ˣϣܹЧ
겻һ֮ˣڵֻлʤһͷɲ뱻ҽԺʧȥС´󡣳ż΢΢ʩӣꡣϵż۷壬Ԫϵ˼۷塣ִԲ
Χвһ꣬ʵ̫ˣǾԪǴȫλĲࡣʤѾûֻǳܹͦУʲôӡ
顭
ֻһյξ͵˳ǰûгֻ֣ǿóϵ·ϣ졣
ͻȻʧڼյǰϢǱҵƺͳϢΪĶԱȣ޴ķЩڶһȤ
յȻһ٣۾ֻڲͣز֣һֵնľ
յȻת˫ˮֻȭͷֻͬ˳ꡣĿһڿһȻʧ
ֻǲһϢʱ䣬յȻӿԾһȻϵĿӱͬһǹһش˿Уθոճ֡


935
֮֮
Ȼĺ󷽣һֱȭͷ˸ŽĹâǳ֮ھзתš
֣ǳ֮Ǳͨһ˲䱬˳дһ򱬿ͬһſڵں
ΰתһⴸųȭͷײ˹ȭͷͼյĸ첲ײ˲䣬ɽһĺ
䡭
ڿе˳ȥһѪΧĹؿֱѾһֱִۡ
ˣ
Χжһ̾ϢֻһʽĽֳͱ˸첲ǳ걻Űʱˣ
ֳЦݣŸȥֻ΢΢ҡҡͷûг⣬Ҳûʲôźġ
Ⱥе־Զ¶ʧиֳһͷ̫ˣ
飡
˵ϣһ԰סļмڵһ壬ų˹
΢ף˫ϥ΢䣬һƣڵǳֺ֮һǱȭۣĹâȭɢ
Ҫʲôѵ
Χ㶵ų꣬ǵжԳҲһ־塣
߲Ҫ֮
֮ĿɬиֳһͷҲ
վľѸٵ֮ģ·һƬѹȶ
ļֱ֮ͦ΢˫ϥһţӭļճ˳ȥź𣬴ڸ첲¡ζͬһ԰׵˲Ѫɫص⾳ɢ˳
顭
ͻȻ˺֮֮ڰеļյȻһ٣Ѹǰδӿе
һ죬һһһһǿ
ۡ
һѪһĺˣڵԪһƬңʱ򣬳Ѿ嵽ĸǰֻҪϢʱ䣬ܹƽϢԪҡ
ǡ
ûǸᣡ
ҰУоһǳ׹䣬ǺܶܣƺֻӲΨһ··ֻҪܾͻǡ
ȭųȭͷӭ˹ȥǱб˭ֻҪ˫ȭͷײһ𣬾Լʧ֮ʱ
յôΧ߶𾪵żա
ղѪˣôܵˣ
ѵǳͼյĵһνֽͽ˼յڣ
䡭
ѹȱһĺΪķ·ͻȻһ쫷磬Ϊ֮𶯣˽¼ӲĵĴѣݺᡣ
ۡ
ٴһѪĵˣұͬһش࣬ɵذڶš
̤ǰһηתȱͬһѴһػռ䣬żյǰȥЬһֻѾͷųĹâеĵȻ
䡭
һʽռ䣬ͬ۾˼䣬ϢڿռӣȻⲻĵڰʽҲǳһȴ⾳չֵ쾡¡
յε˳ȥоѪе߶عѾȥ˾ߣ˵ҽˮ׼ҲҪڲĸ¡

ž
Եļž
ȫ˵ԤϣٷḻҲû뵽һˣһûн뵽漶ߣһӵȻһߣһǼ׼ӵĸӳˡ

Ц˳Цг˳ĿǼ˹ɫ࣬Ŀڵϵļƿ˳ꡣɫЩ԰ףоһ伤תȥĿ͹Ŀڿײ𻨡
ĿŭĿη
Ⱥе־Զֳ֮̽ɫее˼
弥ڼž𣺡㲻׼ս˰ɣ
ŭĿ⽥ȥɫָƽų국˵꣬Ըķ䡣СӺĶԹʹ˽ԺСӲҪ
ͻȻֳһ˿թĿ˵ڰСӵĶӳ壬˵壬ҵҪֵǵڰСӻȡֵȫ֪ǻ᲻ͳҪô˵ǵСӻҪǵڰСӣǲսĵûУ
ͳĿͬʱһ˶ʶ˹ն¸»ûʸǵڰСӣôڰСӻ᲻֣᲻ԹԵϽ֣
Ƿųˣ˭Ҫ֣Ӯ˳ͲϽ֣³֪ж֡ҲҪŹӭս㳹䡣ΪһԼԣϿߵĴѹӻ֮ŵ˻Ѱ
һΪѵľǸ壬սñȹȻɳһ۷ߣɲ⣬˵棬ĥתȦˡȼʵǿҲֻڰСӵĶӳ壬ӵڡ
ʤˣôͻѳУҲΪ˳𣬹ˡʤˣǹͲһڶˣŸһˡҸ嶪˸ΪСȻ˳꣬ǳսȴǿĶӳڰСӳսȴǿĶӳԣ۳ʲôǻߡ
ֳһƬžеĿⶼ˸塣˫Ŀظֳһ˿ŭ⡣ʱȴѾָƽ˭ԼצӣնϾˡаٲǰȥ
һеĿ֡ৡһ۶
ಡ
ȺһӰӶ顱һ˳ǰе۾һǸ͹Ҳˡ
־Զˣ
ǰȥˣ
Ҳ԰ȥǽմͳҲӦýһΡ
ֻˣ־ԶǲЩ֮Σ
ΧߵţЩش˳ĶСϵż۷ľȻ׵Щ̸ۡ־ԶҲǵһ˵ʽ̰Ǳ˼֮ˡҲ´ŶԷ
ɫ΢㣬ûд־Զϸоһ˿ĵ⣬һ˿սⶼûСûеҲˣûս⣬ܳʲô
֪˭ˣ־Զ˵
ţͷ
֪Ϊʲô
֪ղˣȥǽƺһͳ¾ҪսһΡ
Ǵͳǹ涨㲻Ը⣬Ծܾ
ΪʲôҪܾɣ
굹ֱͦ˼ϵĿ⾼־ԶҲ뿴ʷʵõ㾿жǿ


936
شǰ
һ̰ĵӿЩ֮Σ
̰¶ЦݵҵĵӲ
ǾͿඣ˵ȻĿ·ĳ־Զ
־Զ˫¶һ˿ͣһ˿оʮֲһ־Ӹ˧ӵ͡
֮ĺǿ־Զ˵֮Ľֻǵ˺˵ɡγǺԼս
˵һ۳ұ۵°ɣºǽ֣Σ
û̻ش𣬶̽־Զ˼žһˣ˵ºͰɣȴԼ֡˵ɣȴֱԼºͺ֣Լʱ䡣
̽Ŀ⣬־ԶȻʧЦǾûиɳʱ䣿
ûеȳشϱֳ˰Ȼ֮ɫҲʱ䣬Խʱ䣬֮ĲԽڵ㻹кһսʵֻˡҵĵ֮ҽ̫죬Ǹʱ㲻һ֮С
ҲЦˣ־ԶǽҲûʲôСϾнʱͷɴĵã
־ԶԱһ࣬ÿ˵·ȥشǰ̰һЦֵûһۣȻû˵˼ȴʮԡ
ʲô˲
ĿʾɨŴɫ˵Ǵû˵ʵǿ˵ʺܿͻῴһһεڱ˽£㻹ȥҽԺԤһɡ
ɫһ䣬ƽһһٺ٣Ҳ
Ȼû˱˽ʣ͵ųıϹǾŴĹۡ
ıӰʧЩųıӰһв̾ϢԳս̫ĻԻΪһ֡
ǡ
ȴֻܹȻӡ
֮ųıӰĿǸӣ˵ִһʷϵļ¼Զӵݻһ׼ӵߡ²ɧŵʱ䣬ִƼ¼»ܹάֶã
صԼıûȥҽԺֻǶһֱۣҽԺЧĲ֮
뵽磬þϹǾ׼ضԽӣȻСཫ֮ڶϱϣȻñϡַʳ˲֮Ŵг
ˣȻܹȥֱϿͼݡͼݷΪ㣬һǹڶ似һЩǰĵá
ͼݵĵһһһµʱ䣬Ȼѡһ䣬˷ϿСкܶڹעһ˷ܿк֪ܶ춼ͼݡ
ǷֳͼڲѡһУǲͣػ˵һֱûҵʵĹɣÿῴϼСʱ˵ѡ˹ɣֲͣػ
˿͸ꡣ֪Ϣ־ԶĶУ־Զ΢˼һ£оֳζ֮ɫ֪Լ̫ҪټҹںϳһʺԼĹ
ںϹΧļ𾪵־Զ
־ԶɫЩмںϰټңʵܹġǰ׷ʱˡ
һº󣬳صԼıĸ첲Ѿˣһľһë˷̬Ȼ󿴵ɳǸòɳʦôˣ
֪ͼڳҾ˺ˣ
ţˣ
Ǿͺãȥң
ɳվŵȥ뵽ңͳԶ
һʲô
ϴʦָ£ҽһʽƵڻһʽҪҵʮʽˮҲںϳһʽ
ˮüëһ
ǣҹٴ󺣣Դĵ
һ㵣Ȼֳ֮ɫϴǸǳȭġû뵽㻹һ׶ĵȽʮʽˮʩչҿ
ã
ȡǳ˫ֿտա
һ֣ˮ֮УʱĳͬһƬֳ֮ɫųһն˹ͬһڲϢ
ָͳսˮͬһ㣬һһݣһ˱һ˸ߡʮʽˮڲһӵʱʹͷʹβ
յ۾ղźֶָսܵ˺ܴһͼڿļʡ


937
һûȥ似ǿĹҪȴ似ìܣǳȴֱָԴһ¿ĶˮԹˮԵ⾳ʱ˺ĶսһµĳͻȻͱ˳˲ͳڶ֮С
Ҳûͬ۾Ժһطųʮʽˮһ֮۾˳ꡣɳڶ֮Уֱ۾ֹȥ˰գ۾о۾Ҳ۾˳ֳ꣬˺֮ɫ
ʦҰʮʽˮںϳʮʽ

ʮּ˫Ŀ˳ꡣҲˮ̴֮ɢ˳ֳϲɫֻƾˮ֮⣬֪ˮ⾳
ˣ⾳϶˳Ƕѻ˼֡
ʮˮʹ꣬Ҫ֣ȴȵҵʮʽ
ĺëͻȻоԼ˲䱻һɵȻûеǿϸȴ浶¡ֻ֮ϵӿ˱ͬһƬɲ⡣
۾ˮȴԼˮǿࡣһǳս
ֻоĵ滮Լļɭ·͸ĹͷʮʽˮܿͶսϡ㶵ʦ̫ˣ
ҡͷ꣬ҪԷƱҪǿܶࡣΪߣԲܹںϵñǿһЩҲûǿ̫ࡣԭΪȵҽʮʽˮںϳһʽ㶼жû뵽ôܹںϵʮʽ
ʦںϵʲô̶ȣ
Ҫʮʽˣ꣬źҸոնս꣬Ͻɣ
ǣ
ٴα۾ʹʮʽˮҲʼںϵʮʽ
ʱȥ˶ʮһ죬ͣؽս£ˮںϳһʽ
ںϳһʽˮڵԪʹϵһԪţγĵ
һ𵴶ͬˣоҲԼı쾭ͨߵľԲܹܵס͵ԪԪű
һںϲںϵģǳΪɵġǱԭǱԭˮ֮ںϵһ˵õĽǻᱬǱԭһʹˮǳʵ
ԭǽǱԭԪھбѹ˼£ھҪǳߡ곯һʱ򣬶֣вɸ̾쾭ǿ
ʽˮ׼ʲô֣ԽԽϲ
˼һµͽоΰɣ
ãƵȻ¥ȥʮһ죬϶ˡˣʱָ㡣
ҹա
ûһ˿⡣
ڴϺ˯µʱۻˣϵۣоϵۡͣغ֣ͣںˮľľһ˳˯֮С
ʱڿԡ֮Уı֮޽һԡأ˵ԡأֱһСӾءʱ棬΢΢˫Ŀڳһʽε֮С
һܴȫû뵽겻ʺãԻǿͳ깲ͬںʮʽˮˮ֮ʮһ죬ǳõ˽Ҳͬõ˽
ʱ·ĵ嶼ˮУһˮ֮СڵԪͬһֳһϢԡеˮʹʡ
ͻȻһˮڵˮſͬ쫷ΡϵϢȻ
һСʱ۾˸޾ϲãеૣСӻһں似ȴû뵽ȴҡ⾹ȻҵʵͻƵ֪Сڸʲôûеõͻƣ
ڰıڡ˲ڴϺ˯ʱĶɵ˼£·صӤʱڡڶٰʮѨϱϾȻԶˣĽҲ͡ѨһڵԪһһȻԶת
ϸ
ͨÿһ׶εĵһѨѿһ˵һѨϣ˵ͱࡣ֪Уڳĺ˯ѨϣѨϿ˶پʮһ
˯һһҹŴ˯Ӵֻˬԡϴһ裬ȻԼһͣ뿪˱׼ȥԪ硣
һ·߿˳꣬һָָš
Сͼݴһ£ʧ˶ʮ죬ôˣ
ȥķҡ
ѵ˺Ҫȥ
ƨð⻹мˣҪ־Զˡ⼸ĹܹͻƲɣ
Һ˵ϸ¸֮ǰı䣬Ǽ׼һСӻ˵һҪ֡˵Ǹ־Զһӡ־ԶҲ̬ˣںͳԵʱ򣬲֡
ǳǲˣ
ҵģӦӡΪйͲ𣿡
ǰʵʵؽϻ֣ƫҪŰ˾Ǽ
Щش˳ĶУ¶˵ؼ˵ֻˣ֮Ĳ֮ˣмۺͽ֡
ֱ߽оƬźܶ֡оƬǰ̨С㣬뵽һҡ
ÿҴԼٶƽףߺҡʱѾʮϥڵϿʵ̫ˣûнңִҡ
ѡʮң뵽ڣʮĿ˹ɫ΢ЩҲʶ꣬ڴ֮ҲȥҲúͳ˵ûԸ˵ȻܾޣЩ˵ֻʱģò˶ãͻ¶ԭΡ
Ҳֵ徲ߵһ˵ĵطϥ¡ո£Ŵ򿪵ɱ۾Ͽûѡ
ǸŲԥһ£ȻȻų˹Ȼ˳ԣ꣡
ľһ㶣û뵽˺Լк۾һȴڴָԼΰϱ¶΢Ц֣
ΰų˴Ĵָ
Ȼָ֪ʲôҡͷҲʱɣǶ֪ҵʡ
ΰϵıܹ죬ҡҡͷȻһָڵϻȻûּǳ꿴ıʻҲ֪дʲô


938
ˡҿۿͻƴģʾ޽СȻ֪Ϊʲô϶ȿгǸ⣬һԭ򣬶һϼѡ
ֳһ˿⣬û뵽ΰһϿԼĲͬļȻ۾
ԺҰΰѹ˵
ſ۵ɣ
̬ΰ¶˸˵ЦݡȻҲ뵽֮СʮҲΰһ仰һ¶˼֮ɫһȥжΰӵƲ
ʱڼžţһʼо𶯲ѡԼʵȻͻˣͻƵϵżڡۿžҪﵽϵżڡ
ô¶
Լ˯֮ǰϵ˼۷尡ô˯һͱϵżڣ
ѵ˯Ҳܹͻƣ
ͣ΢΢üͷ˼һˣԼҲǺһµķۺͶʮһĹںõͻƵһУȡһƿǳҩ֮󣬱㿪ʼ
ʱ䣬ͨһѨϣﵽϵżڣϵϢϢĲȻΧߵע⣬һ۾ųķ˹ԭǻΪΰõͻƣû뵽ȴǳϵϢ
ôܣ
Ǹôͻƣ
ʮ໥ؾԼҵɡ
һżȻԹʲôĵرҩЧûйȥҩЧܹϵż۷壬һͣ漶֮ǰһӿ
֮󣬳ٴη˲ʵϵżڡʮһмʵķһڲϵرųꡣһԵΰ˸ϲãϲԼûпǰύĳꡣ
ų겻ʱȡһƿҩ£Ȼ֪ʲôҩȵȴ֪һǾѵҩ
ôôҩѵıΰЩ
˵ڰ죬ʵϵż۷壬ȫѨϿٸȫѨϿֻʣʮ
̷˼Ϊ֪ҪͻƵ漶ͱ뽫ʣµʮѨȫҵؿһؿôͻƵġõķǽͻƵִԲ˻ͻƵ漶ļʡҾ־ԶıҲֻʣһˣҲҪúõһ¡
ΧȥΰѾ֪ʲôʱ뿪ˣʮҲһЩ뿪ֽһЩˡ뿪ңǰ̨ȡоƬصԼıʼԼ
һʱܿȥʰһ£׼뿪д΢΢üͷߵ¥½Ŵ򿪣㿴һİվ棬ţϺε¶ԼĲмʦ̨ϵ㡣
˵·
㡭
Ǹ߼һүµģвɸŭ֮ɫһ뵽ʦִʱ̨֮ϵţ㰴еŭ˵㻹ǲ֪
ǰͷһóԼٶȣҪ˦£֪Ͽÿһ˵ʵҪֳЦ⣬΢ʹ֮壬ظ˺档
顭
ǸͷҲصһ·ӵ̨˵֮ϣ˵ӣźϾػͷȥϵɫһֳɫݵ
ôӦñԶԶ˦ȥҲӦǴŶ԰ôԼҪݣ
㶵ų꣬ǳĿȴѾԽͷ̨֮ϡ
ʱ̨֮ϣ־Զ˫ֱվĿꡣֻĿײһ˲䣬Ͼͱ޾ս⣬·ʵһҡΡ
ǿս⣡ȻʷʵߣҪߣֻ߲ܹҴ
˫֮ȼս⣬ٲ̨ȥΧһ̨ͨϵ־Զ̨µĳ꣬һжֹͷ
ˡ
һһõߣһһߣƫƫȴҪվͬһ̨֮ϣϳս⾹Ȼ
֮ײԭӦ䶯ʵϸͲӦ÷ײ飬ȴͷǵǰ˴Χۡ
ⲻܲ˵ʷϵ⣡


939
顭
һԾվ̨֮ϣɱ۶־Զ
Զ¥һشǰŴվشǰ̨֮ϵˡֵʵôûѵΪ֪ǳŰգˣ
Ĺ죬û˰㵱ưͣ
űƿγڷشǰ
ǹ졭ͻȻɴ۾ͬһ㣺㡭ˣ
Ȼ˵ò˶Ҿͻᳬ㡣
͡ӦİЦһ߼ڣ񲻹ڣһ󼶡ͻƵ߼ǸʱҶͻƵ˼ˡ
㣡ߵشǰһ̨ϵ־Զͳ꣬תͷ̰Цŵ̰ȻҲĶ֣ǽҵĵӿҪŰĵˡ
Ǻǡ̰νЦҵϣܹսʤ־ԶСЩƮҪѹֻǡ껹ѹϣսʤ˳֮󣬲ҪøƮ
ɫһڣһԵͻȻڵôģǲǶһѣ
ģʲô
ϲݣ
ɫһϲݿʮܹõıϲϿڣżǿĴٽáֻϿϵϲԭͲ࣬ѾժһաеΪϲݶǱõģȻֱ͸һÿ˵ҲʮˣԼƽʱá
ҪϲģҲЩԥ
ôˣ˵ҲģͶһꡣӮˣһϲ㣬ˣһϲݡ
Ƶǽǣɲġ
ãҶˣ
㶼ˣûеǶİɣЦе˵ҲͷʾͬĻ
һҧãҺǶˣ
ããǾллˣŴЦ
ЦɣЦɣǿ޵ʱ򡣡޺޵˵
ģˣҲЦŰϲݽ㣬޵ģ
Ŀ̨֮ϵĳ꣬һ߶ţ꣬ҪʦҶѹϣ
̨֮ϡ
־Զſ˱ǰ˫ۣų΢΢ʩ־ԶԪһ۷壬ִڡ
Ҳ΢΢ʩ꣬Ԫϵż۷壬ִƤڡ
־Զһսӵظ߰ããû뵽ʵˣҸڴ֮ıȶˣ
̨֮ϼžֻǼžһ˲˱ͬʱŶԷ˹ȥγ嵽һ㣬ͻȻʧ̨֮ϡ
ƣ
־ԶֳһʽƮ似˫һͣΪᣬĿն˳ȥ
һ־Զ߱Ǿ޴ı̨һߵĳֳһ˿𾪡˲ƶϳҪ˵Уͨ־ԶһУ²һԼͻᱻܣս֮ܡ
ʹȻ˵Ƿһ˿ЦݣǾҿ㾿жǿʵ

ǳ֮ھͬһ죬Ǳڻ㼯ֱ˲䷺˽Ĺâ
顭
Ĵڵһߣδ̨֮־ԶУ·קһƬ
顭
̨֮ϣһק˾˲Ρ
顭
һƬѾΰʱһƬεķݵӣóƴﵽ˶㡣
ˮһʽΣ
־Զ˫Ŀ˲СףһּΣë
䡭
ڵսһë籡˫缱ضڵȭӿȥһֺŻĵϢ˳һХƿ־Զδ̨֮ԾͬƵȭͷųȻȥ
£
䡭
Ƶ־Զȭͷ֮ϣ֮ײ޴ˣֱϵ˲䱻ʳƬ̨֮Ϸ裬ļͬһܼ
̨֮ϡ
˵ͬʱˣͬʱӿѪ˵ڿз
顭
̨֮ϣ˵ľҪ־ԶԶһЩұٴ۶ϡֵ־ԶҪȳǿ࣬Ǿ˳һȻұû۶ϣȴҲ˹ѡֻھһ鴤žĳ鴤ǾԪҡ
̫Ŀ˳꣬˫¶֮ɫֻ֪ǳֱ۵ȻأڵԪû˿ңΪľѾȫ죬ǿ쳣
ˡ
̨Χ߷һû˻ϵһȻܾˡȻ־ԶҪȳ࣬־Զʲôˣʷϵšʲôˣʷϵ
֮ײôֽ
һʵǿ˭ҡΨһӣվһ۷壬˿ֻıӰ߸е
˵Ǳ˭־Զ˶Ϊһǿңδ־ԶһᳬԽ
˵ˣ˵ꡣԴ뵽־Զ־ԶѾΪδԺȼҲﵽʮ̰֮ľ硣
һȴһһ˴ˣȻòƱ־ԶءҳǰҲܹͬһ۷ļա
ǡ
һ۷ܹ־Զһ۷
ȫûпɱԣ
شǰ
ʮЩؿ̨֮ϵĳ־Զ־Զʦ̰ҲǴһ¡û˱˽־Զʵ־ԶȻֻһ۷壬ǼǺ߽սҲδػ⻹Ǻеǿ߽սͨߣ־Զܹսʤ֮
Խսһֱ־ԶĽ
ǡ
Ľ÷飬ΪĳԽսϵż۷ʵԽսһ۷壬һ־Զˡ
ҡ
ƺս֮ܣһ׼ս
̨Χоһݣرǹ۾΢΢Ŀ͸¶һ˿ɵ
ԼʵǳҲ־Զʵǳڣȴ֪ԼԲ־ԶĶ֡
˵ǲǳĶ֣
ôҲܹܣʵ̫ˣ
־Զʱб˭ԾѾ㹻߿ˣû뵽ĻҪǿ


940
ȴƽʮֻҪٸʮϢʱ䣬ʮϢʱܹƽϢԪңǸʱʤ
ϧˣ֮ԺĲԽԽǵĵһսҲһսսҲû˿Ķֵ
ʲô
־ԶͻȻ˫Ŀ۵ĲšҰУĳ꾹Ȼˡ
ľġԪѵûң
һһʧ
һһ֣
ͨ
̨Χһͣϳ˳ʽ似ʽ似˼աͬʱЩߵжڳҲ
겻ֹʵǿսҲ˾塣û˻һʼͨĻҲͬ˺־Զǳ´ʱѾ̨߻̨֮ϡ
ΪҶԵؿʽͨȻ죬һ죬һһ죬ȴղʽΡ
þ˵־Զͨ־ԶΣˡ־ԶܹӦⳡȶһƽ֡
ƽְ
꽾һˣԺʵƽƽ
ǲ֪ʱ־Զ״־ԶȴʮԼ״ڵԪ֮Уֵͨ
˻
ٵһǿڵԪ˾ҵʹʱѾ֪Լľǿת֮ˣǴʱѾ˲Щ
ܹܣ
˵ţʮ̰֮ĵӣܹܣ
ҵԪǿ궯ת۵ļ¡ͬɳһԾȭۣ̤ǰ벽šͬˮۻȭͷָ͹
̽ף
һʽ⼸ʩչ˳ߵȭͷͷ·̽һס
ÿ߶һʽ̽ף⾳ǣÿߴʱ뵽ǣԼͳ껻һλã⾳֮£Ƿվ
ֻԶ¥ϵشǰ̰ȴ΢΢üͷֻƶ̽΢Ĳ
ֻһͣǾ־ԶԪˣǿС˵Ƽأ˵̽׵Ҳۿۡ
顭
ȭͷݺݵײһߵĸоУ־Զȭͷ·һ̽ȥȻһֱ̽׵⾳Ȼ飬־Զĵغˡ
ǵ˳꣬ڿлһߡݺݵˤ̨֮ϣһ

е˶һڰˣһֻСǿ־Զάߵϡشǰ̰Ҳһˮ
Цлϲݡ
顭
־Զڴ˱죬еһʱǲͨǾŵ־Զֳ˿ɬԪû֮ǰȫԽѹųȴȫûа취Ψһϣľھ֮Լܹվ̨֮ϡ
顭
һں
ۡ
ڱ֮Ѫź󷽵£һƬڰ
顭
־Զصˤ̨֮ϣһ
̨֮Ͼģ̨ΧҲģԶ¥شǰҲġ
⡭˭ӮˣͻȻһʵ
Ӧá־ԶӮ˰ɣϾǳȵȥġ
ȿȡ
ž̨ͻȻ˿ߵĿ̼־Զϣ־Զȴһ
ৡ
ߵĿ̴־ԶתƵϣֻţڱ֮Ѫ嶯˶ģҪվ˫۶Ѿ۶ϣûнʮּѡ
ȿȡ
ʱ̨һߣ־ԶĿҲſѪ˫Ȼ˵ıȳܶ࣬ľȴѾƣ΢ƶʹѡ
ʦ֣վͻȻһ߼غ
ʦ֣վ
ʦܣվ

̨µ߸ܿγͬһƵʣͬХһ̨ȴûһֳ֧
̨ϵ־Զʶѵģֻԭҵͨһ֮£ӵңڵϣڶͬһʹÿһʹ鴤ͱ˵һˡɽХĺУҧҪվ֪ΨվӮⳡ
ʱΧϺļϼ䣬һ߿꣬վ
˸Ҫڵһ٣Ǹȥ֮ɫһԭΪǶӵĶԱû뵽ȴǡ


941
̨֮ϵĳ꣬Ƿһ˿΢Ц˭һӾ˭ΪϿֻ˸˵Ļࡣ
ΰ
ֻóЩжû뵽ΰΪԼ˾֮ҪϿ߹ˡ
ȻˣҾͲܹΰ
Ҫ־Զֻܶ࣬˫۶ѣڵȻҲھҵ𵴣ȴûȫҡ
һҧͻȻ̨ܾһһߴ㵵ųꡣȻĿŽӲת־Զ־Զ̨֮ţڱ֮ӿѪ
ۡ
̨֮һѪԪѪӿɫֲ԰һЩ
꣬վ
ΰһκûȥɱ˵ĿȥΰǶĿ̨֮־Զ
ȺУ֮ţɽë쳹Ŵʱ̨֮ϵĳ꣬еĿʮָӣо壬еġ
ǵ촽䶯һ£ҪΪ͡ǿΧߣȴֱս͡Ǻ¸֮δܵ衣
ۡ
־ԶһѪΡΡ
ã
ӭһƬкȻһĺʦ֣վ
¥㡣
شǰ
ʱž˭Ҳû뵽־Զͳ֮ıȶ̰Ƶɫ¶ţϸǽһƬ
ΪǶ֪ƴʱƴ־ʱһܹ߶Զ־žصáⳡ־Զʤ̥ǵı仯ǲʵϵı仯ϵı仯־Զĳɾͻᳬʦ֮־ԶܵصĴһ겻
ڳʺԣʮΨ־żѵʺԣ¾־ԶҲ׷־Ժĵ·Ͳˡ
ĵ·Խ־ԽҪʺԷҪԲ
ĺܵĳ־⣬ʮĸߴ־֮ˣһȱ־ĵ·Զ
֪ľ
Ȼȥ򣬵ȴû˽⵽һ·ļȻкܶҲֻгһ֪־Ķ־ԶܹģǵʵԶԶ꣬ǻųչˣһмѺΣ
ԣվһʼƽϢڵԪ𵴺Ѫӿ
̨Χһе߶𾪵ųꡣһʱվ̨֮ϸеš
شǰ
̰ʹر۾۾̰̰ģԭҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ֪̰صĲһҵ־Զ־⵽ݻ١̰Ĺϵ򵱳̰ҲѳϢһְ̾Ŀ̨֮ϡȻһΪ־ԶҲΡΡվ
̰æ̰־Զվˣ
̰ԭлЩãΪἥǵĻ֮Ȼ۾̨֮ϣȵҲһСӣģ
̨ΧǾĵģΰûΪ껶ЩҲûΪ־Զ˴ʱվ̨֮ϣζűȶٴοʼûܹջ˭ȡʤǵֻʣ˽š
Ǽѵ֣Ѫӿ˳˻Ƶ˵𣿡
־Զϳ鶯һ£Цǳ鴤ѵ˵Կ
һʱڵԪ𵴣Ѫڷӿ֪ԼϡȵԼ־ԶָսԼͲĶ֡
顭
̤ǰһ
ۡ
ԪﲻסһѪ
ǡ
һȴͬһش˵ϡ
ʲô꾹Ȼһ
̨Χ϶¶˲֮ɫе̧Ӳ˲۾ΰͬ͸ŲţӿŶԳľ塣ƲʾԲȴû뵽־˼ǿ
һ̣·𿴵һǿߵ
شǰ
ȻֳԺ֮ɫ˶·ڷ⡣ֻСȭͷյýģһ˳־ʱľȻΰһ·𿴵һǿߵǿ߾ĵӣﲻɶƵظֳһͷ
ҲܹΪ
̰͸¶ڴʱѾں־ԶӮ˵ģ־ԶҲãһЩĥ¡ڴ־ԶһֻҪһ־ĽϣԼĵ־ϡ
˴ɫʮѿӮһεûʲôһԺûлӮˡȴÿһϲݣʹġ
顭
̨֮ϣٴŶ־Զһڱ֮ٴѪһеĿⶼ˱仯Ŀⲻǿģǿʼܳꡣһ־ˣһҲֵء־Զǵзһ˿ʧ
顭
־Զһڱ֮Ѫӿļⶼڳ鴤ǾһежһɣǶ־Զûа׷ѣȻ־Զֻһ֤־Զûз־õ˿顣
شǰ̰һ
̨֮ϣҲֳһ˿塣
û˱˽ʱ־Զڵƣ¾Ȼܹһò˵־ʮǿ
顭
ٶǰ
顭
־ԶҲٶǰ
ÿһ㶼ǣߵģûлûкУֳģÿ˵Ŀⶼۼڳ־ԶϣΪʹףǿڱ֮ӿѪһ߲д
顭
ٴ̤ǰһ־ԶѾסٴ̧ŵʱвһ㶣Ϊ֪־ԶϵͻȻϢҲٷ̧ţô۾
顭
ߵ־Զĸǰ־Զ˫˫Ѿʧȥɣ־ԶѾ˹ȥֱͦżվ
Ȼ
תͷ·󺰣˾һɧ̧ŵȻ̨֮ͣ£ֻû뵽̧Ļ־Զǳꡣ
ʱ̧ŵųҡҡͷ˱ܷͣڵϣҲĿ־Զ


942
ҽԱؽ־Զ˵ϣȻǳ΢ȴ־Զ־Զվǰĳ꣬촽䶯һ£շؿڵˣ
־Զ˵仰ɫ֮㸡ֳɥһ֮ӣȻһ֮Ϊˡ
𣿡־Զиֳͷ
ǿҪɥ˵ÿ˵һ仰ڱǶѪҵľͬҾֻ̫Ǿ鲻ң
־Զ˵ıȶ̣ͨԼһ䡣ΪԤϵʹ˾ΣԼʧȥȻԼǱʶŶԳӣûһʼóԼȫǴһʼȫԸϸ룬⻹Լľ鲻㣬ʦ˵ĻӥãҲҪȫԸͨһ㣬һЩԼ־ϣֻҪԼܽѵһսܳꡣ
ֻǡ
¶˿ЦԼл
ʱƣԼʵٵ¾һս֮󣬴Լ֮ʱܹͻƵǸʱĳ껹ԼĶԼҪȥܳʾʵᱻԼԶԶ˦£Լȥҳȶǲ۸
ˣ˾Ͱˣ
־Զųֻ꣬첲ţڱ֮ǰǰѪһ˫ȴǹڡ
־ԶͻȻһָоһ˲ᱻԼԶԶ˦£һҲ׷ԼĽŲ

껹һԽ
ʹ˵һ仰ս
ã
Ӧʮʹ졣ֳ˲õЦݣ־ԶҲ¶ЦݡҽԱ־Զ̧ȥʱڵѪûȫƽҲԼ˵֮ϣҽԱ̧˾Ȼ
ھġʱڵѾָӲߵſڣþŴ򿪣߹ͨ뿪ҽԺ
ڵΪ˲֮޸ģֱϵҽƵġϹǽϵĵǷǳȷõҩȴǲ֮һҪܾòܹ겻ܹôãʱ
ȥ־ԶƴһܾˣЩأ
Ҫ׷Щˣкܳ·Ҫߡ
ææط˱뵽磬Сཫֱ֮ϣðϡ
ٴδгȻ񾭱оԼı˵Ϣ漴ɫһɣѾֱϢġвɸ̾סɲһıŷֵģҾ涼̽ǣˣҲܹڲ֪Ǳ
ӷڳ˳¥ſȥлʦ
´ųղȥҽԺ㲻ڣ֪Сܻˡղܵ˰ɣ
ţͷ֪ҲͰ
ôֳ˹С
û⣬ֻСˣ
ߵĶ͵ų꣬ӴԪռȡһľзڲ輸ϡָǸľеҺŸܹ־Զõʮϲݣˡ
ϲݣ
ϲһĸĲҩõʱסǺľʹϴ
۾һʦôܹõ
Цõؿ͵òֻʮһЩ⻹ʹ͵ġ
Ŷֳһ˿ʧ̶ʵõģ
ϿȣշϿȵʱϿȵͱϻŲٵϲݡǺժˣҲֻ˲ܹ뵽ϿõһЩ
΢΢üͷǵΪʲôֲ
һ۵ϲʮأֲ
Ŷͷʧ
Ԫﵽϵż۷壬ӦðѾ֮ϡԪ;ʱŷš
ǣ
似ȵͻƵٿʼ
ǣ
ҲźܺʣͷӦһܸɴˣ֮뿪˳ı
Ӳ輸Ǹľд򿪣㿴ʮϲݡϱһϲԭԼĴչúʮϲݣӦûһٵʮϲ׼ȫԼã׼һ޳ǡ


943
ϿܵѹܴȻսʤ־Զ֪־ԶȻϿΪʺԣΪʵʵϿǿǿ߶ѾСӣСӵԼЩ˲˵мǼϿǺٳ֣û֪ǵʵΪǳ֪ȵʮСȵʱһ֡
갵ĥһ£ϿڵӦٵʵвļߣ˵弶ߡԼҪ֮ʮСûܶࡣ
ΪƻûлָѡĻͼݡҲģŲ֮òʮʱ䣬ƾܹȫָϲݣ뿪˱ͼȥ
·ϣֺ߲мͷ⡣ȻЩɫĮҲǶԳĳϡǶ֪´ʱǶѾǰͳ꽻á
۱ҲãҲգЩı䲻˳̬һʮ죬ÿնͼڶȹܶ࿴жֳһ˿ϧǿ֪ԼòӹнҪȺ飬ҳһʺԼʵ֮·
̸ף
˵ʮһ죬뿪ͼݣǻص첲ϵıȻϴһ裬Ϣһ֮󣬱˴
뵽ǽڣϥڵϣӦһӣɸо뵽еļѡȡľУСȡһϲݣŵѹ¡ֻ˲䣬оһԼںʶøӵǲҲǿżгȥ
ˡ
Ĵϣ뵽֮УȻǰٷ֮ʮڼζٷ֮ʮĸ֯ζεļʱ֯еżл㼯üǿͲʱ䡣
µʱ䣬ϲݣ˵ֺ۷壬ﲻϲݵĹͣı쾭ڴĹ͡ĸεĴڴһ˲ĴʶڣΪʱԲĴҺһҲͨʮּס
ֻǵʼҪ뵽֣ٴδƤʱһοʼüѡһָоԼܹͻƵ֣ԪһܹͻƵ漶ͱǲĤͣڴֵĺ۷塣

³һﲻǿ˼š֪ȥ˶ãȻļһ
ǰԼͻͣ͵ʱͨսͻƣǲͣҲҪͨսͻƣ
ӵվȥһһĥš
ȥս
߳˴ЩãȻ³һ뵽ԼԴӽ뵽ϿѾȥ˲ʱˣ֪޳ֽˣ
ˣ֪ûиҴ绰
Ϊһֱֻڣֻȡ˳Ȼһδ硣ǰ޳޼ǴġѰ˼һ£ͨ޼ɵĵ绰绰һͨ޼ɿŵ˳꣬˵˵ϣ֮־Զ
ô֪ģֵʵ
ʦǵģʦÿ¶鼸ʱָͿǣʦ̫ˣһʦȶӾת
޼ɿŵͻȻ߼޼ɵ꣬Ѿﵽ˴ֳڣһ£ѵֵڸһ£ܹͻƵøһЩ
Ƕͻˣ˵ʵ
Ȼˣ˭޼ŵ˵
Ƕ𣿡
ţڣ
Ϲȥ
˵绰Ҵҵȥ߲ܹ뵽ϿϿĵȴʱ뵽
޼ɵıʱ򣬰޳˶Ѿۼڿ֮СҾһ໥һڵȻ˾ŽһϿļþŸѪڡ
һ֮󣬰޳Цֵ㱨һǵĳɾͣ
״磬ҿ̰ɣЦ˵
Ǻǡ޳ҲΪ⣬һܵ꣬״ЩҵĽС
˵ɫЩÿҵԪϵż۷壬һֱҲҲͻƵ漶
ҡҡͷ״磬ҽ뵽Ͽڲ֪ԽԽѡ˵ˣϵ漶һܴĹؿԭͲù
ǰҲֻ֪ЩСӶ٣⽹Ǻǡ
޳ͻȻЦ͸ҵĳ쾫ҩҵľȴ÷ɿ죬ҵľѾﵽϵһǴﵽ˵ִԲ
һµ״磬ǿ˵ҩľ磬Ҫһγʱĳ˺Կ
޳΢΢üͷͷ㿴ǲǷŻٶȣŽ뵽ϿȰѾ纻ʵ˵
ҡͷҪȽ뵽Ͽɡ͸ܹģ뵽ϿٳʵҲü
޳ȻͷΪҲô˵Ҳ֪ʲôԭǾôӳŸӾס
ϷĿֳɫҺοɱȰ״ǿñࡣǺǡ
޳һ۱ӵǵҲ˼ţ
ҲǽǺǡϷЦǺǵ˵Ԫﵽϵ˼ڣҲﵽϵһﵽ˵ֳڡ
ҵĽ󣡡ӰЦе˵ҵԪѾﵽϵ弶ڣҲϵһﵽ˵ֳڡ
ǵĽǱǸӰ˵ҦԶƽңԪ綼ﵽϵļڣҲϵһǵֳڡ
ٺ١޼ֻŵЦŲ˵
ЦôЦǺǵ޼˵
꣬Һ˵ҵʺû˵ǰֻûˡԪǴﵽϵ۷壬ﵽϵһﵽ˵ֳڡ
Ҳǳˣлǲм˵˵˰죬ʵ浹һ

˷Ц޼ֱۡЦһȻ꿪ʼһһֵƵʺͱ仯ڸǣϿ


944
뵽Ͽ˼ͻָԼʵ棬ЩƵ˼ţǰ̧ͷȥһȺΧȦӣȦ洫˴ϡҡҡͷû˼ȥϿԼıȥ
ΰĻֽ
һŵ˳űһʹȻŵغ㲻ҼǰЩԶǺ벻Ҳн죬ҲбǱһ죬
ĽŲһ٣Ȼ־Զ죬ֻΰһΪԼ͡
顭
һػΰʹҲֻʹƺȴûвҽһ֪ΰǿʹࡣ
ͣСӸ˰ɣϿûСҪ㣬ѧϼСӾ㡣
ƨ
ߴΰҧгݵͬʱػΰʹüëһ˲ͷӵ˿УȺмȥ˻ڿоͼΰڵϣһý
顭
ӿнĳֱһǸߵǰأ߾һͷѵǸߵε˳ȥײ˼ˣֱӻ˹ȥ
顭
˵ϣΰ
꣡
ΰĿڱѪ϶סӿŷŭʱѾףΰΪ̨սΪԼ˼ͣܵϿߵżϿδ֮־ԶҲһϼѵߣ²־ԶҲ˶ԴΰȴӮ־ԶڴҵҲʱģƱػᱻ־ԶԶԶˤںߣչԣΰıƲ⡣
ΪԼԭΰһǸ⡣ĿɨǰЩˣͻȻһԼҪսⲻõĽתͷΰ磬ЩӶ˭ҹ鷳
ΰɬ˵˼׼ӣҼӺͱӶҹҵ鷳꣬Լ飬޹أϽ߰ɣ
ߣʱһȻȵǵߣ˭Ҳ߲ˡ
۾зĿɨΧʮߣ˵ܺãǶһЩʵôǾһϰɣ
Щ˵ʵȻΰһڣЩܹΰڵأ˶֮⣬ǵʵҲҪһҵĴսѰͻƣ˱סԺֱʮһϡ
һ仰ڱ㽫ʮˡһʮˣֻϵżʮһڣǵĴֵڣ˲ܹΰûл֮
һ꾹Ȼһϣ
겻ϵż۷壬뵽Ͽʱ䣬Ĵжߡĺ׳ʮ˾;úЦΰϵɫùŹ֡
ʮһ֮ڷЦһָָų꣬Цһ
΢΢üͷûʱЩ˷ʱ䣬еļƻҲʰʮˣʮ˸ʹﲻĥĿġ
ȻǵǰʧȻ顱һ죬ֵѸһߵľ
Ƶ־Զܹƽ⣬ȴЩܹƽġΰ۾ŴʱѾվǰĳ꣬ȫǰ顣ǿ־ԶܹƽƣΪƲû̫ΰ֪Ʋǵÿ˭
磬ҼǵñжʮһСӰɣ
ǣΰЩ׳ʲôԻʱȴһ꣬㾹ȻҴǵĶԱ
̧ȥһڵȻսʤ־ԶϿȴûаһض£¼ҹһǲȥͲˣѵ껹ǲɡ
ǣȴû뵽ղ·ʱȴۿ˳꽫СӵĶԱڵءҲվһԵΰȻ˲ͷӦǳΪΰͷóΰôˣǵСԺϿ
̾˹ǵСӿɲֻʮˣٶˣͲųĵСӣֻзŭȴû˿Ŀ־塣
ͻȻʧˣǸڱеɫһ֪ͣʹơԺѸ־ԶǱ۾öƳƣ̶ס˽Ų۾


945
ǰϵЦá־ԶܹöƳҵƣΪҲܹ
ҿ񲻳ôֵĴײˣ
žһ˹ȥͰǸȷ˳ȥһӽǸ۾˿𾪵ųҴң
ϸոɫֱÿЦã򶼴ˣ㻹ʣɵ
ۡΰ̲סЦֻǣϵƣֵһ
ããǸŭ㾹ȻҵǵСӣҵš
䣬Ǹ߾Ҫȥˡ
ȵ
ôˣǸߵɫֱţ㾹ȻҰǵСӵ˶͵ǵıɣ
Сǰɣ국˵

ͷǰ·
Ǹߵɫһ̶һϲҲܳΪʲôҪ·ǰСפءֻֻҪѳСפأǵðѳסҽԺɡǳɴͷǰ·ΰеظ˺档
̬УȴζΰУҪȥСӣϾһƬǣҪͳ˵촽䶯˼ȴڣۿžҪߵ˵Сӵפأ̲סʵ꣬ҪȥСӣ
ȻɵصͷЩûĻְɣ
ǣΰɬصͷ
Ǿȥ
ΰԾųꡣ
ڴʱͷǰ·ǸѾߵ˵СӵפأŲӴغӳ˴ǵСӵˣ
顭
һӰ̨һӵʱڳǰ;ۼһٶˡмһһڵߣĿ˳꣬һ䣬̶ĿǸߵô£
Ǹܵǰָųӳǵ˴ˣ˵ҪǵСӸˡ
ǸӳĿⶸȻһȻųĻģ
ǰ·һٶһ㣬΢Ц˵ҴģǾ仰˵ġ
ǸӳֳмҲҡ
Ȼû˵ȴ˵ҵﻰҽǰǵСӵġ
ӳɫһ䣬Ҫ˵ȴ˵˷ʱˣ֮ǰʮֻһϣܹһЩѹһϰɡ
һϣ
Сһٶߵ϶Ȼֳ˷ŭ֮ɫǵСӵĴ󲿷ֶԱڸҲһٶˣʮһڵһڵߣһƾʲôҪһϣһϵż۷塣
һٶ˵ĿڳɨţĿĻʱѾиƬһϵƲס
ڰΰˣȻȻ˵ǰʧһٶоһݣȫû뵽һٶߵǰ꾹Ȼȳ֡ͬʱҲ˳ƵĹ죬Ǹӳ̸ȵСģ
һСĲûκãһٶȺѸ֣һ߿зһƺߣˤڵϡ
ֵĶЩ漶һµߣÿһգЩ߸޷ƳơͻأһߵϿճ֣ӳĿѡ
꣬㱰ɣе
Ǻǡд˳Цܿͻֵǡ
顭
зͻȻ֮Ӱ˲߸߻ڵϡ
Щûܵ漶߾һ㶣Ͽÿ궼һΪеϿߴһΣƳᶣڵʱչʾ
ǡôģǸʱͲϿӣ˿¶û˵ɣ
顭
һ˵µʱ򣬳ǵǰһٶֻʣʮһ漶ߣµ߶ѾڵϣڳĽһƬ
׼𣿡˵
Ǹӳһоܵ˴δйΣӵʱһٵߣһ㣬Լʮһ漶ܹס
סҲõ
ӳϵȻͬʱһʧǸӳ۾Ҫͬ־Զ̽鵽ټټûȴˡ顱֮
ε۾㿴ߵһ£Ȼûһܹ׽ټ
ˣ
Ǹӳͷոոֳͷоһʹ㷭Եڵϡ


946
Զ͵ΰֵ磬ӸˮӰǶѡ
ã
ΰһҧʱҲܺˣܽԱߵһˮŻڵϵûͷû˹ȥ
һֻŲǸӳĴϣűѵĶӳ˵ϵĻֶ
ǸӳֳɥԼ˵֣ͻὫĴȲȶϣȻ½ȶԼ֫ӵӴԪռȡ˵ԣʼȻ̧ͷԳ˵˭
걨ԼоƬ룬Ǹӳ̽ԼĻֶ˳ꡣ곯ŴʱӵһٶֵǵĻֶңһϵĹͷһڽϡ
û˳ǰȷԼ򲻹ֺ꣬αŰһʵʵؿʼճ걨ĺ뽫ԼĻתȥ
ʱ򣬿дӿ֮ͬʱһȴӳʲô飿
̧ͷȥʮŵصų꣬ƤһЩֵͣߺȵ
Щľһ̿ʼڵϲ
ӳ
ʱĽѾӳӳӵӳֵǵСӸˡ
ʲôӳһĿⲻŵ˳ꡣ
ʱһСӵĻѾת˹תͷǸӳǱӵģ
ӳ䱸ųꡣ
ڼСӣ
Сӣ
Це˵ֻСӣ
顭
ڳĻ֮ʣӳѾ˹ĽΪ֮ѣͬһſŵױƣ˫絶ǧӰĳ
ǧɱ
˫ĿһûʹƣһȭǧӰ˹ȥƽֱһȭûӳĻΡ
ǡ
һȭȴͬһǳźأͣӳӰ飬¶ʵơ
䡭
ǳȭǧɱϣžһͷѵӳʹص˳ȥ
顭
Ĵڵһ壬ͬһӳ˳ȥԶʮ߷׷˫ڵߣλֱŵӥһԾų긩
˫չ˳ʮͣ˫絶֮ڵǳ֮˳ͬһ㻩ֱ죬·ˣȻٵתǧˣʹںϵһеˮ
Σ
顭
ʮӰʱ˵û죬з׷Ѫصˤڵϡ
ಡ
Ӱɣ˳ΧΪ׵ʮŸһڵߣȴǱµʮŸСӵĶӳפֳôĶ֧ܲСӵע⣬׷ʱڳΧۼѾǧǧĿڳϣɵѹȿɲһĴ
ô£
ӵһСӶӳĿضų꣬Ҫʹ꿪ڣֻҪһڻش⣬͵ƾͻ·硣ųһῪڣκһվڱǧ˵İΧУѹأûбŵõӾͲˣôܻз֮ģ
ѾˣܳʲôɣųԶ˫ۣó֡
۾΢΢һУ˵ʵӵʵʧΪֹҲûбƳǱûҪĸоΧǧˣаȻʲǾհɣ
顭
Ŷĺ˹ȥɫһ㶣ȫû뵽ǧߵİΧ֮£ĺ֮£꾹ȻҺȻ֡
οûʹƣʹǳȭҪشһԼﵽޡ
ĿһȻɵ˿У˫ų߳ڳǰһƬӰƿ֮ǡ
һƬӰ֮ĹĹȣʱֱǹȱԪ飬ųʺ˹ȥ
ǰǧӰдṇ̀ⶼɱУûǧӰܹԻסֻ꣬ҪصȱƵóˣȻȾܹڿת䣬ֻҪУԿشꡣ׼סܻܿᱻһ
ε߽֣ôܱӰԻ
ÿϿ߶ӵвľսеһҪͷų磬̽ԷʵԳ˲ͿǧӰеǹһȡ
ȻΣյȴó꺹ëէͬʱҲ˺΢СĶȵĺС
ǹѾȺе
һȭǧӰֻȭͷһֻצֻצеָ֣ͬͷĹâǵϵľѧ
צ֡
Ȼֻһֻצȴ·ͷĿһûмצȴܹоָıĺâ
ʲô򣿡
Ǻͷӹ⣬Χǧߵͬʱӹ⡣д½ѧѾ·д½ΪԪŨĵ·Ϊչֵ£ǵ򲻾߱Եѧ⾳ĵ·ųĺʱ͸о־ͬ̽צһ㡣
⾳֮£Ѿ֪ܱ˳꣬ڿǿиıУתų̫Ѩɨ˹ȥ
顭
ȴ򱬿ͬ糵һ˳ꡣһȴͷɨαͬһ̽˳ȥ˫צźץ˹ȥ
ɫ˲ò԰ףֳ˿־壬Ȼһշ˫ͬһƥһų˳ȥͬʱӰ˳ųΧ˹ȥҪѺѾѾˡ
顭
Ķ̫ˣҺʽѾ˽࣬ȱ˫צݺݵؿסʮָ˴ȵУʮָѪ˫ץסĴų嵽ǰһ˹ȥ
Ǹ߼˦˹Ҫڿмͣǰٶֲ̫ܹͣΨ˫ۻǰͬʱڳһһңߵĽżͬǹһ˳̫Ѩ
ż⻹δߵ̫Ѩ̫ѨϵļڰоǿѹȺͱĺâŅ̀˫۷⵲߿һĻȻ˫ͬˮź屧˹ȥˣҲҪס˾ꡣ¾סһ˲ͻܡ
顭
źȵ˫ѸɿصײǸߵǰϣ˸ԷһʹԶȥ
ͬʱҷǸߵĽףһʽ̫ежȥ˶ԷͬʱŶԷתȥ˶Է̧һ˶Էƨϡ


947
ԭڳ߼ͻȻԼͬԼһȻһ٣Ǳһƨϵĺһңæڿһͬʹǰײ˳ȥ
δȵһоһֻץסĲӣоһϢǿתͷһȴǳһЦеһ£ǸߵƤһ˹ȥĴһɡ
顭
Ǹߵӿˤ䵽ϡҲ˵ϣ漴顱һصĴڵһţαͬһڵһȺ
顭
ͬһ̨ݻһ㣬֮һʿ˳ȥˤڵϡʱĳѾǳ֮߶˼£ϾȻһ㵴Ĳƣǳ֮͸סͬʱֱֻ۷˽ĹǱ˫ȭ֮бѡ˫ȭַÿһȭͬһǳ׹䣬ʹΣʹֻ˳̶ȵǳȭóͬһ̹˳˲ȺС
ǳ֮ڷɿģͬʱǧҲ˺ݣһĳںɨǱʮһСӣѾûӰˣó뿪ԺϿû̧ͷˡԳ˷Ϳе
ϰ£Ѿף߹Ҳһǳȴ˷ܵĳХ
Ҫľָо
СӶӳͷҡһ£·Ҫ˦ȥ𾪡˫Ȼһߵ棬αͬһֻһҡų˻˹ȥһۣʱΧҵĹ
䡭
ĺ󱳵ĿȻ˱죬·һƬ졣
Σ
ͷųһУʱΧЩһͬХеСƷ˳ȥѪһĹͷ֮еĵСӵСӳҲƷ˳ȥͬ׹һغݺݵˤڵϣ˹ȥ
սһЩԵĶԱһãȻǷ·һ㣬ôҲǰʵĿĹˣϵļͳ鴤ԭǧˣȴֻʣһǧңȻóһذǵ˴һ롣

ôʲô
ԡѪʱͬһѪħڵǳ֮һգȡһƿǳҩȥַʳһƬ֮ϵѸٵػָǳ֮Ǳڻۣζ˫ֻɫʵٴζѻ۷塣
е߶𾪵ų꣬ʱǵѾˡһսһԣһСӣӣ˵ʷϻûй
ǡ
ǰȴˣ
ʱѾ˼㣬ʱҪľսսͣս
顭
µĴһƬѣͬһק޾Ŷ˻˹ȥ
ٴˡ顱ײͲҽʱԶĿŲߣǶǼ׼ӺҼӵߣֳôĶôΧۣһĿ궼͸¶𾪣֮Ҳû˲ܹɨӣܹһôҲߣһδܹɾ䡣
ǳʵֻϵż۷尡
顭
˫չͬһתȺȥЩߵУʱ·Ѿʧ˳Ӱһ޴Уǰе˶׷ױ˳ȥ
ˡ
ڵĴͻȻתø죬
𡭡
׷һĺУǺ֮һƵʵĲƵʵĲſĲֵĿȻ֮
ۡ
һƬƬ˿ڱ֮ѪҡҡλΣ·ʱᵹ£ֳ˿־֮ɫԶڿеЩ׼ӺҼӵҲɫ΢䡣
ͻƵˣ
ĿֻͻƵһɲǲŻᷢСʲôҲʱôܹХͬ˺
ͬ𣿡
еļ׼ӺҼӵɫһ㶣̶ֳ˿Ц
ǰϵı߶ĵˣ³겻ǲ֪ͻƵʱܹХǹˡ
굱ȻǹģֻͻƵһɲ˷ܵ˼㣬һХ
ǲ
ü֮ٴθֳϲ֮ɫԪͻƵһڡϵƸӵغ嫣ٴ𣬴ƳЩδɵڵصߡ


948
ͣ
ͻȻһڿȻһͣϵ糱ӿĿʮԶĵϣһشӵ˫ĿѪų꣬ͣϵɫһɣشӵվеķŭȴ
꣬ǲû㣬ΪʲôҪսǱӣ
ԶЩ׼ӺҼӵҲĿ˹㶼۽ڳϣҲ֪ڷʲô裬Ȼһսϵߡ
ֳһ˿ڿʼҽ𣿡
Ǹߵɫһ죬Ȼܹļֻǿŭ꣬ϣܹһͣǱӲŹ¡
Źô۾һеȻŹңҲͲˣձе߶ҽԺϰɣ

Ǹߵоһ䣬ֱܹԲڿЦֻҪԼĿǰǧ˶ȥҽԺϰꡣ
ôͣס˵ģ֮һһΡ
Ǹߵһ£ǱӵһСӵĶӳӵս˵һȴҲϡղŴӳĳХѾĴͻˣһǾ͸ǳĶ֣ҲẰͣ
󣬿³ʵǿʱѾҰѳ굱ˡǻʲôȥֵ
˭ӣŭţȴǿԼɫƽ꣬ô˵֪ܵɰɣ
ͷΰҵֵܣ
ֻһ仰еˣϿ˶֪ΪΰڵΪͣΪϿĵˣֻҪΰõһ֣ͻᱻһ٣ȻĻ֣Գˡ
ΪĻ֣
ȻٷϻѡһǰϵĻֶ֮ĶԹʹ˽һҰǶסԺ֮꣬һΣֱԸѻֽ
СӣȷҪôһСӳҧгݵ
͡ЦһΰֵʱǿʹԼȷҪĻ֣ǵʱȴҪǷȷٷϻֳ˲͵ǲ

һСӳŭһܹӦһӦӾͳˡ
顭
ֻ˲ͳǸСӳǰ˫絶ļϡǸСӳʱվǳѣﻹֵܹĹֻһУͽ˫飬ȻһŽ߷ڵϣ̧һֻ˫֮£㽫ĴȲȶϡ
顭
Щվ߳˹ȥ֣һƬͷѵֶһƬҽ֮
ס֣
ȻԶһȣסѭȥһһ׼ӺҼӵߡ꽫һգſеЩˡЩ˷ɵ˳Ͽվ˳Ķ档ǸȺסߵ˵һߣպ꣬߰ɣ
˭국ʵ
ǵȻֳһ˿ŭҼӵһСӶӳԷ塣
˵Է¶֮ɫôǲҼҲΰĻ֣ǲҲҼӸˣ
Ǽ׼ҲʱѾļպݶųꡣ
ɫƽ֪ԼҪ˵ȥս׼ӣսҼҲǲܵġʵߵ߲һڣҼʵǿ߿һ۷塣һֹһͬҼӵʵȱǿΪǵҪȱӺáǰЩҼҲһǧٶԼһǧٶҼϣԼһᱻҽԺ
ʱе߶ס˺Ŀ⼯ڳϣҪ꾿ѡԶΰų˹ץסĸ첲꣬ˣ
ˣ
꿴һΰǵģǴʱȴһ㡣
㣡
ˣҲûȥսߣҪսͣսʱѾһ˿սͻƾźܴĴٽá˱ǴҽԺҲˡͷת˱ЩԱʵǾ֣
е˶ˣû뵽־֮£껹Ҫ֣ѵͲҼӺͼ׼ӵʰ
ӵĶԱЩã
ãǸҼӵһСӵĶӳŭˣȫų꣬ҪΪУ
ʲô국˵ҺҵҴ趼ʶ㡣
ãããŭЦ㻹սҼˣ
кԼıӵɣһϣϡ˵ʵһҪսһҼӣ
ꡭ
Ļ䣬Ѿ֣ȻһսȻɵɵصŶԷ׼˲ų֡ԼһˣԷһǧٶˣԼסԺҲҪ汳
ֻһ˲䣬ͽȫû뵽ͻȻǿƳֵҼӵһСӶӳ˫飬ȻһŽ߷˳ȥоعǵ
顭
ľʩչ˳Ӱ˳ȥһƬѪûʹ֮⣬ѾԼеĵʩչ˳ҪʹҪʮСʱáȻʹùϿЩ߲ûп
˵ȫ£ûԹߺܣֻҪ겻ϿʹͲ߶׼
˵ˡ
ҲвһǧҼӵߣܹһǧҼӵߴܣм׼ӡñסԺֺαر¶Լĵƣ
һ˶һǧ˵սȴü쳣վһԹۿļ׼һ϶ֳ֮ɫգ걻ڵأصƱ϶סԺ꣬Щ˲ɫصȥ
ûʤ֮ſЦΪⲻһʤһǧٶΧһˣȻ˶ٶˣ⻹ڳɨҼӣ֮
Ǵʱȥΰΰкˮ˾ȻһֱҽԺڳĴϣ˵ꡭ
磡ΰĻ鷳ұҵı
ҪסԺơ
֪磬ֻҪͻرˣҲҵ忪Ц
ΰضų꣬ģյ˵ͷȥҪһܣתƵ֮ϣȻų뿪ҽԺص˳ı
һٶϿ߿ǺܺΪʲôϿııͬŷʩ˵˵Ǿ̽鲻ȥ


949
ΰŵҵĴϣ˵꣬Բ𡭡
磬ô˵¶Цݵ㱻żҲΪңҲܹܡ
ûʲôǣ黹ûнʱһȥǡ
ʲô㻹ȥΰԾųꡣ
һֵҿʼӿʼҾͺϿļұˣҵҪܹҵģǳҡǺǡ˻
꣬㡭ΰ𾪵꣬û뵽˵ķ
ˣ硣һԼĵȡ˳þƮԼǰȻ󽫾۳һ룬ûẓ̇鿴ӹĻֻ֣Ӷ˼ٸߵĻ֣鿴һΣҲֻ֣ΰ˵ĿŸҡ
ΰĿţתֹȥȻ󽫵
ôࣿΰȡԲ鿴һתĻ֣Ծ˵꣬ҲܹҪôࡣ
磬ֻǺٵһ֣´ȥиĻ֡

磬ȥɣЩӦûһԾ
չ㡣ΰҡͷ˵
á
ҡ
治ã֮ԴҽԺΪԼһЩܡ
ΰˣųͷɴ뿪˳ıĴŹϣĵ뿪֪ʱıѾûгͬ⣬ûܹ롣
ΰ뿪֮󣬱뵽磬ȻССܿ˳ǰųꡣ
꣬ôŪһ˻
Ц˵С࣬Ͻưɣ
СͷȻᳵ·ؿʼΪˡѾǵһˣȻ֪ôϲ֮ԭҪƣҲһµʱͿԻָ²ϱ֮󣬳СǽǸҺ֮еشʯͷϡʱȻܹǳ֮ȴû˿⡣ҪԪľͬʱǳ֮Ѿﵽһڣȴֻϵż۷壬ҪѾ
˵ѣΪ˵ȴԪ磬ľͻˡ޾ҺκѣֻЩʱˡ
ǿصĴʯͷϣҺӵ룬ʩչʼԼľ
ÿһʱ䣬ͻȥСǸҩȻٳǿʯͷϣ
һºܿعȥʱϵѾȬϥǿصĴʯͷҺ
ְ¹ȥʶһʶһ䣬һ÷Χǰζ࣬ľͻƵһڵģûͣǼҺ
ͻƵһı֮ҪľʶĴȣҺĴڣڳ˵̫򵥡ͻһıϳһµʱģȴֻ˾ʱľʹﵽһ۷壬ıֺبǰ
ȻȥͻƣʱҪͻƵķǳ֮ǳֻ֮һڵľ磬;Ѿƽ⣬Ҫͱ뽫ǳ֮ľ
ڳȥϴһ裬Ȼ׼Լٴͣȴڲһֽоһ˭ܹڱķд
ֽϵ֮һԭǸεʵܲ˽⣬ܹͨӱķǸ
ֽһ룬֮绰һ仰꽫ֽû̴绰ǿʼسһ֮󣬳ȡ绰˹ȥ
ܿ˳ıûеȳ꿪ţͻأسǰųԾӣЦ㲻ú棬ͻƵļ֪ôˣ
Ŷͷû׷ʣʵʦҪѵ
ͷ
ֳ˷֮ɫʦһѧһֵɽ
ڰֵѵ似Ϊʵ
ʵ
һкҲڵʮѨѾȫ뵽һ֪뵽漶֮𣿡
룬ʼǳϵļأ˵뵽漶֮Ҫʶ͵ϸĽ͵ûСҡҡͷڴ
еѨϣֻǸ漶˻ϸ˵㻹ǽ뵽漶漶ߺϵرϵ漶ߵϣ˵ʵĻôսʤЩ漶ߵģ㻹ȥһսһӡ
˵г˺棺˵Ͳ漶һ֮УһҲһֻһ㡣ôģ
ãȻҡҡͷʾԼҲҡҡͷ˵ˣԺܻġһǼ㽲漶֮뵽漶֮󣬾Ҫ޾ڵԪ
޾еԪЩãȻ
ͷѾٽԪǽ֮ǸʱڵԪɽɫ
ɫ
һԼǳ֮Ѿͷ˿ϸĽɫǰԼ֪ʲô֪ԭǽֲ֮ԼܹսЩ漶ߣԭԼѾӵ֮ǡûͻƵ漶ô֮
ѵΪǳ
Ȼ𾪣ϵɫȴûбֳĴڡ
Ҫ֮ͱһ֮Ǵһ֮Ԫһ֮ǾȻں֮Ϊý鹵֮֮ͨҲôͨʶںὫڵԪʱ䣬ɽɫ֮վҾð֮ʺҪ־Զǿܶ࣬
վʵ־Զ˶೤ʱ䣿
£
Ŷ̰أ
£
أ
һ£
΢΢üͷǡҾѾԪ
˵ǸֻǻԪĻᣬкܶ߶ᡣԪǺͻͬģƵʸ죬仯Ҳÿһεı仯һĵӣļ¡ֻдﵽԪļ£ܹԪ
ж֮Ƿﵽ˼£
ȡһȭͷСĺʯͷһԵϵīգֻҪסīգֻʹԪܹ촷ۣ֮ʹﵽ˼¡


950
ץǸīգȻĬĬԪ
ǡ
ǿīձԪ顣۾һûпʼܹ֮ī飬Ǿ뼫״̬ԶҪľǵֿͷŵ֮ʲôʱܹҵж磬Ҳܹﵽ֮ļˡ
򣿡
һҲãﵽ۷ʱҪͻƵļҪγ˵Ҳ׼ãҪͷˡ
ãͷ
סҵвͷžͷԪֻֿܹͨԪѭֵ
ˣ
СģҲˣ
ͷδͷų򣬱㿪ʼڵԪ
ˡ
оԼҰеľ仯ˣڵУһƬڰ֮С

գûô֮У·һڰûйС

оƺռʲôֻǲһӵʱ䣬ʲôˡ

ȻۿĿһ𣬽ЩۿɼųϿ˹һؽΧ棬ͬһ޴ĵ
Ȼ󡭡
͸оڵĿʼſʼһǿ
տʼʱ򣬳껹ûоʲôԼڵɵصֵͷŵǲӵʱ䣬о˼ѣѾͳڵ㳬˳ƵʺǿȣóڿʼѪӿ
֪ԼܹصֵҪȥƵʺǿȣͬջᱻ˺ֻҪԸ⣬ƾͿ԰촷ۡ
꿪ʼ֪ƵʺǿȣҪּͬȴ쳣ļࡣľһֱ۲ų꣬һܲס֮ͣŽ֮¶Ҫһµʱ䣬Ҫϵͣ޸ˡܲסʣͲҪһµʱ䡣
أֳ֮ɫⶼһСʱˣȴڼţšСʱûмֵ
ǹ̥
֪ʵȻֻ漶ڣıǿȴѾԶԶسһѾ൱۷塣ǳܹ֮ǳ֮Ĵĳһǿ
ʱѾȴȫ֮֮У֮ʼһ仯ѹһ˿漴Ͱǿһ˿žԵѹơ
Сʱ󣬳忪ʼܵˣû˺Ƥȴ˺ڵ֯٣ѪҺӺë˳ɫʱ׼ֵܹͣʱ䳤һЩֵʱԽãõջҲԽ
ѾЩֲסˣǿԽԽǿڵ֯Ѿ˱ıԵʹóӸ֪ѣû˿Ļţþ󲿷ֵľ֪֮һƾһƬֱ֮ӷڻ¡
ԭѾ׼ֹ֮ͣɫȴͻȻһ㶣ֳƾȻûٶȥԭѾ˱ıԵȴ޸
ô¶
ִʦܿƣҲûпʳʲôҩҲûӴ˵д½ʲôҩЧ򵱳ֺαһʱͣ޸壿
ų꣬ѵΪڵǱʲôǱôǿ󣿡
ʵǸ㲻׳徿ô¶Ծͼ֮Ҫֵʲô̶ȣʲô漣
ˡ
۾һ֮һΡܹ֮־ŸΣͨûר֮ҲʹﵽģһʼԾѾﵽ˵㡣ȻǳǳͲϵطʳ֮Եʡ
ֻ֪ǳԾ츳ϲԼ˱ʹˣҲû뵽ڶ̶̵Сʱھͻһ㣬ﵽ֮㡣
ֹСʱ֮ͻƵ˵߲㣬һ׶ΣַʳƬ֮𾪵ų꣬ʱѾ֪ʲôԼˡ
СӾʲôģֱǲûмģԻǿС˵ܹΪ


951
ֹȥСʱ֮˵ڰ˲㣬ʱѾЩľѾܹоҪ˵һ¼ˡ
СԴӽ뵽Ͳϵشż¼Ŵ֪֮˿죬»ӵϡ
һСȭͷغһͣ
ȻͣǳĵʱȴǸʮСʱͻƵ˵ھŲ㡣֮СʱھŲ۷塣
˴ʱ֮Ѿﵽ˼£ֻʮСʱһʱ䣬ʮ־ң֪ĳɾǰ޹ˣҲߡ򣬸Ҫк꣬ȴֳɴ֮С
Сڸʲô
Իų꣬ľ飬֮ﵽھŲ۷߶Զôỹ
ǣҲûлѳֻ꣬Ǿų꣬Ҫ꾿Ǹʲô
ʱһСʱһСʱĹȥγʱǳȥ˶ʮһСʱѾЩͷʱͻȻɴ۾оǲţȻ󽫾˳ꡣ
󡭡
ʹ
һֱһִǰҡΣߴ
ʦʦ
ȻתѣĿų꣬ŵһ̥
ҡ
ִ֪֪һ˼¼
ʲô¼֮ʱȴʱ䣬֪˵ʲô
ֻʮСʱͻƵ֮ھŲ۷塣
ץץԴɫҲЩɣô
ؿһ۵⻹ġ
ģЩãȻ
ֻ۾ֻͬһ㣺ڴﵽ֮ھŲ۷ʱ򣬾Ȼܹͻơ治֪ôġ˵ʷϴûҲûСô˵ɣû˵֮ھŲ۷֮ϻоĴڡʲôо
ɫһ㣬̶֮ĬȻҸоԲ
ԭȥâ˫ٴȻԲԲھŲ֮ϾǴԲ磬ǵûа֮Բľ硣꣬㽫Ĳӵ֮󣬿ɷ֮Բзʽڸң
ھͿ԰˵İܴҲҪȴҡҡͷ֪˼Ҫģ֮ƵʺǿȽ͵ҵڣ֮ľ̫δܹ
ĬĬĬ˼Ļ˼ڵ̫֮ǿ֮δܹشͽڡ
ǳ겻ôΪȻսһ֮Уֻǰ֮ͽȥȴδɡΪǰǺж״̬ڵֿ֮֮ǺȴǵжԣֿοǳԭԪƷϾҪ߳ڵһʵ϶Ѿ˽ɫֻ֮ǳϸˡĳַϽѾϾĿǰΪֹûһжɫ֮ԣִ˵ԣ
ųִģҲһů֤ű֮ġȻ˷ʱ䣬Ҳô꣬ص˵ͷ
£Լ˫ƺ˫һ𣬳꿪ʼ֮Բ֮һдһ˿ϸĵɫ֮ǵɫ֮ǿ
֮ͽľ֮УԭƽɫȻһ漴ؿ˳һۣɫһִԲ֮С
ҲһϲԼ֮Ȼܹͽľ֮УһһУɫѿ֮оԽ࣬ƽԽѡͷѾ˺ˮѾ͸ʮֻҪִܹԲ֮һдһ飬ƾľһܹסִԲ֮Ƶʺǿȡ
ǾǴһڳ˵Ѿ̫ˣʱǾ仰˫Ĳʵ̫ˡ
ҧأͣؼţڵǳ֮ڷɿţǳһж֮ʱѾԪľ˹ȥʹѾûһ˿Ѫɫ԰ֽ


952
ۡ
ĿڱѪһ֪ʱѾȫִԲ֮֮С
س˫Ŀ񣬵ȴɼƽԼ֮С֮һȦһ˿ǣ꽫ж֮ȻһƿǳҩͷʳһƬ֮ź浹£˹ȥ
֪ȥ˶ã˹˫۷ִʱԼѾصң˴ϡĿһת㿴Աϵƺ귭һӣδ۾Ŀųꡣ
лл˵
Ӵһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôȻ֮ʦô
ǳãĵЦѾȫ˴Բ֮Ҳɹˡɹһɲǣҵʵʥ۷塣ǺǡԴСΪͽ֮ҷҵĺ˲ϣǺǺǡ
۾Ҳһֵϲʦ
ţͷ˯ҹ쿴ûʲôˣ
ڴϥʼԼ塣ڵԪѾָ˴룬岢ûʲôˣȡһƿǳҩ֮󣬽뵽֮С
ԼȥСʱңչ۾¶΢Цʦûˣ
¶֮ɫС˲áȥϴ裬ʦٷ֮Ǽ
ã
ӴҴҵԡȥ
ңٴԶ˵֮ҲǴѾ˵ִԲǲʦˡҪ֮ҲҪľ
ͷʵ΢ʱѾԼľþԪƹأھİҲ֪Լľһ֪ܵͣʲôԼ
һͷų򣬽棬ϸظ֪еһУܿ͸о˲ͬгֵǴľȻǴľ㿪ʼһǳϤΪҲӵ
漴Ҳеϡֻ˲е΢΢Ծ˳֮ǰܹ֮һʼʹﵽ㣬֮ҲӦ˳
һСӰǲ֪ܹ֮ﵽʲô̶ȣ
ʼ֮ĲΣӵһһֱ㣬ŽظƵʡֳ̾һֱŶԳ֮ȵĲΣųꡣ
Сӵ֮öʱﵽھŲ۷壿
Ҫ֪֮Ҫ֮࣬־Զ˰ʱŽ֮ﵽ֮ھŲ㡣
ҲŲܹﵽ̶ֳȣͨ߸һ㡣
Ǿܹ֮ھŲ۷壬֮ȴܹ֮ҲھŲ۷壬ǵʵøӿ١
֮֮֮ںϵʱ򣬻ȡޡһ֮ǵھŲ۷壬ڶǵ߲㣬֮ǵ㣬ôںϵóɹǵ㣬⻹ǵţͨͨ㶼ﲻҪϵȥںϣһһشﵽ޵ˮƽȻ𽥵Ȼٽһںϡ
Ȼں϶ԽߵʵҲ죬Ϊʲô϶ȵĿˣֱߵǱʡ
̰ҲĸµʱŴﵽ֮ھŲ۷壬Ҳһµʱﵽ֮ھŲ۷塣
ԭһΪԭͼѣһԭ֮ĵľٶȻǳ죬侫ȴҪõʱ䡣ʹòҺôУ
Ȼ˳ꡣ
ʵѾ׼һƿҺҲ׼˺ͳ곤ʱغһóʹˣʻǿҲҪһµʱɣ
ľĵȷʵʮֿ٣̷ֳһƾͨڵҺҺԴԴϵͽʶһֱڶ֮֮С
һСʱȥˣСʱȥˣʮСʱȥˡ
һʱȥˡ
ѾԾ۾ʵǲ׳ľΪʲôŨ˳̶ȣȻԼֵܹ
֪ӵԴԴϵҺȴϲܹؼԽã֮ҲԽľҲԽߣ˵ܹһ¼ͻȻһ
ְ֮Բɣ֪֮᲻дԲľ磿
γķѵʱȻ֮ö࣬۷Щֲסʱ򣬳֮ڴﵽ˵ھŲ۷塣
죡
ʱ䣬ڰ֮˵ھŲ۷ľ硣ʱҲľһգ򣬸׼ƿҺԼ£ȻʼָԼľ
ʱ֪Ѿջȫڶ֮֮С

֮ĵھŲ۷岢գ֮һž磬Ϊ֮Բţ֮ͷ֮
۾һʱѾȥ۵ĵһ۾Ϳɴ֮УľһѾ֮ȷʵŴԲľ磬ӦѾ˫ڴϴ֮Բʵ۷壬ܹڳİ֮ĴԲǲǻԼʵһεõ
γõʱǳãֹȥʱ䣬۾˫Ŀľͬʵһ뿪˫ĿһףȻ˫Ŀ
˻Ǹˣȴ췭ظı仯ֻǾһʦȡԾų꣬ڴʵǽ֮˴Բ
ǣ¶Цݡ
Ҳ¶˿ĵЦݣųûа취ڸң
˳˼֮ԲܹͨĴͷʽҪβܹ˼һӵʱ䣬Щȷ˵ʦҰҵ֮͸ҵüĺü֪ܲܰ򣿡
˼һµӦÿԣûô죬Ҫʱ»ܾãľֵܹס𣿡
Ӧû⣡꿪ĵЦ
ų꣬ϵٰܲ


953
ǺǵЦţɫͻȻлл㣡
ɫҲʦ
Цþ͸ӵؿˡЦǿʼɣ
ã
ٴιͨڵҺȻ֮ٴüĴ͸üĴ̱о˴Բ֮
ʼüĴ֮һ
֮ԭŵھŲ۷ľ磬ʱų겻ϵظʾڵʱ˴Բ֮˲͸о֮Ͼһϲջ֮
뿪˵ңص¥ϴһ裬һԣȻص˯һһ˯һһҹٴҵʱ򣬼ϥǳе漶һ飬ĴڿʼŽں
дһͨʶ͵ãҪںȴǧѡ⻹ľһ˿ɫһ˿žߣûʦŵ£²֪ҪãܿһӾͿ
ʹĽҲʮֻǲȥעⶼо
һƬžڼž֮С˵Ͽȴƽսӹȥ˻£ǳȴڵڶʹҽԺʧصԼıû֪̬ȣñӵЩǵԺлؼǵó걻ڵصʱ򣬻ڷЦģûһ˿
һȬ֮󣬻
ֻΪһѾһսӣԼˣô¹ȥˣ
µȵֻ֮սӰɣ
ӵĶʮһСӳʱסҽԺʱʮһСӳۼһУû˵ÿ˶ǳͷۡǲ֪ô죿
ͳӲƴ
ҲǲУϴγսʱ򣬱ӵĶԱפص˲࣬нǧˣϴβǲǧˡеߣǿҲӦܹſ¡
ǲܹһֱפصų꣬ǻҪܹΪһ˾ֹͣĲǳסҽԺû֪ʲôʱͻȻڱפء
ͳ꽲ͣ
֪ʲôʲôӵͶˣ򲻵ѵ£ܹͳ꽲͡
ҼӵûʲôΪʤߣǰѳҽԺǼٴսǣһѳٴδҽԺ׼ӾȫǿˣǻûаѳȻսʤ־Զսʤһˣ׼ȫ¡
Уںϵ÷ǳѣЩ򣬵ȴģ塣ʱ䣬һֱﲻϵسŸںϵķ
һա
۾ϵ޾ϲãڽ֮˴Բľ磬˽ʵڡ
˳꣬Ҫڻȴֱ͡ںϣƺһ˿·в쳣ͬʱҲ˷쳣
ͷųԼ򽫳棬ͷųľͲ֮֮ں֮
ظоڴںϵķʽϸظ֪ϵصԼںϷʽسС
ʱ䣬ջѾ֪ȫںųɳ֮Уδӵʧ
겻߲ݵţͨڵҺҺԴԴϵͽʶ֮ݽߡֲ֧סͷʳһƬ֮Ԫͷʳһƿǳҩ
˹ȥ˶ʮʱ䣬һɵɫһº˴ɫ˴ɫһɲǣھеһ˿ɫʼŵһۣɢȻϽɫ΢΢üͷЩΪʲôһȱϽɫǵһ

³һ۾֪ʲôʱֻˣʱڳǰ۾ɫҲһô
ȭͷоȵ¶ϲЦݵǳã
˵񲻱ȥˣҲصȥҺ;ȥҺ;ҶǸЩûں׼ġԺȥ϶ںĵطԺֻҪںľԪͬǰ־Ԫں֮֮һֱȵ֮ĴޣȻȥ֮ȥ֮˷𣿡
ףͷ
漶־Ÿȼʮɴɫʱ򣬱Ǵﵽһ۷塣
ɫ΢΢üͷ
ôڸı˼
һЩ˼˵
㲻ò˼ô̵ʱ͸ıһ˵ʷǵһʲôɫѵɫҲûʲôܹγɵɫҲʷϵĵһˣǵҲ㡣Ŀųꡣ
ҡľϽɫ
ʲô
ɫһƬͣȻͷк˳꣬̽ųľʵʵ̽ţһӵʱ䣬ջ˾ųꡣȻһֻƵȫһȭ
ã
ҲҪ֪ԼһϽɫǺǻʵȫĴȫƺһȭ
ǳ֮ӵڳʶھҲʶڳ֮֮֮ںһ壬֮ھпУ֮뵽һʱͻȻͱϽɫ
䡭
겢ûʹǱЩֻǻʹˣҲɫ𾪣ֻǸıһ˵һгڵĳڣһȭȴڵ
ô
ͳͬʱ˳˼ڳͨѾ˽˺ܶ࣬ʱ˵˼򼸺ͬ
ʾϽɫҪȴɫŸۺϽɫľӦñȴɫľƷ߳һ㡣˶ΪܹﵽһǶ෽ԭɵġ
һǳǳԭľͲԪǳ֮˿ɱȡ


954
ڶΪҪǳľѾ˱죬ʳľƷѾԽд½еߣľԭǿ
ǳ֮֮ﵽ˴Բ硣
Щԭ۵һ˳ĳɾ͡
˽໥Ľ˵֮󣬶ô£꼤ֻǸıһԼһıϽɫ

ֻҪı伸ʵͻһԾ·𿴵ʮСλ֣ȡʮСĸˡ
꣡˼һ˵һжʱҪ߱ˣҲ߱ˡȵǿ֮˵
ף¶˸м֮ɫллʦ
ģһҶκ˽ʹҲ˵δһʱҾͲˣ޳ҲϿˡָǼ֮Ҫȥչˡҽ֮֮˴Բչһʱ֮Ӧûʲô㣿
͸¶һ˿Ц⣺꣬Ӧȥɽˡ
Ŀ˸һµȥսӣ
ţЦúܲá
ַֳЦõɫûмôսġ
ҲǺս˵ûǣǵҡҡҲҪһĳɹ
㣡
뿪˵ңȥֹᣬ෴ʮܹǿߡ
ֻǡ
˶һһȴһһȺ
ϴ裬˯سһ٣ϢһСʱȻʩʩȻ뿪˱űפصķȥ
еĶԱҲ׼ʱԽԽ꣬űһǵҲԽԽš
ǼȻˣҲһȬˡҳһֱû¶棬¶ĻǾ֪꾿᲻ǰ֮ȥæ֤Ѿսǳһֱ¶棬н
ʱǧӶԱפأڵų꣬׼һ£һ²ҳôԺҲһڸǿ߲ѡһٵʱǰˣҲûʲôµˡ
վڴҵشǰűӵķȥŴɫƵ¥Ϊȥ˳ôһνϿĿ˾ŴȥˣҪûнܳΪӣƵǣܳľŸ˶ûаΪʦǸѾΪʦþŴķǳƣֲûۿԭ˼˵ӡ
ҵűƿŴ˽׼̵Ļ飬鰲һ£ͻȥչء
ƿžͿվشǰıӰŴҪ˵ʲôɫȴȻһ㶡ǶоϵϢ̰ͬЩȷʵͻˣ
תͷžŴЦ绨ѾˡǼҪŬˣ׷ϰ
ڣ
Ŵɫ΢΢һ䣬һǰ۷壬һʱͻƵڣôˣѵбڣ
ŴŹֵߵǰ˴⣬Щ˵վ￴ʲô
Ǻǡͽܳ˺ˣ
˺˾ͺ¡ɫȻһ𣺡СӲҪȥսӰɣ
ǰ˷ܵ˵
ҡҡͷ˵»֪ɣӿȫ׼нǧӶפصųꡣҿҪסԺˡѾ˰ʱ䣬ԭһϵشУûʱ䣬ҿƹˤˡǺǡ
ǺǡһҲյ˵ϵսһʵķʽϵսսǶʵźǿáҲһھǱѷʽֻҪܹסʹֻҪܹĲͻٵسɳ㲻᲻ɣ
ҵȻм˵ָŵӣǻÿһսлþ飬ÿһμսл򣬻ÿһмǱǳʲô֣һѡʧȥʱ䣬ʧȥ֮ʣʲô
ǰһֻܹ˻ңûһ˿ǰ;ҿ罫ϳˡ


955
ɫһڱıԵ̰ʱؿڵһˣ뵽ϿߣֻҪûдĴǲῪġ
Ҳһһ˵
Ǻǡ
Ǻаһ˵˼þŴ΢΢üͷǲ֪ʲô˼ѵѾ˳ꣿ

һŰ޳ŸµӣһǷ˳ϵӡƹˤ
ɫƽűӵķ򣬵ȴƽ˵ʵҲûаճܹսʤǧߡǸգͺ;Ŵˡ
ʱ޳Ÿߣܹʮվһҵǰżұ֧СӵĶӳֵһһȵѡԱʱ䡣
ǸϾͽ޳ʮһ飬ְѼұСӵĶӳһ飬ѡСӵʱ䡣
޳Ÿ˲û϶ȿֻǴ˲ͳΪֻǷʳһµĲ֮ǵʾ˺ԶǶߺ׵ķ룬Ҳ˼׼ӵĳɼ
޳Ǽ׼ӵİ˸СӵĶӳ֮ѡһСӡ
СӰɣСӡ
ǵڶСӡ

һ޳ʵʣǸСӣ
겢ûиԼڶСӣҲûк˵Ȼ˸ִţдҲָϿĶӣǻЩţгȷһ¡
ꣿ
е߶Ű޳ǸͰ޳ǽʣ
ѵ˵гҪҳ걨
ڶӣǸ΢΢üͷ˵
Ȼʹ˵еһ޳޼ɵ˶һۣȻŸһǰһȥӣ
ǡȥӣ㶵صŰ޳Ÿˣ˸׼ԵĶӳҲ㶵صǾŸǶΨһһӳ֮۾ɵø
ৣ˵Ŀⶼ֮ţ֮ŵĺ䶯£ֳɬŰ޳Ÿ˵ѾСӣ
СӣȥĸСӣ޳Щʵ
һˡ
޳ŸϾһ֣ȻתǸϵǺͳӣСӳ֪ɲԣ
Ǹϵǻشʹ죺ֻҪԸ⣬ͬ⣬֮Ųԣû⣡ʵҪμӸʵĶ鲻Уʵ߲μӵʵС˲ܣԸ
Ҳԣ
֮˵ҷ԰ΪһֻǸӹ͵ΰ궼һȥսһ֧ӣԣ
ǲŰ
ȥҳ꣡޳Ǹ˵
ãǸϸɴ˵֮ţһǾŸȥȻ͵
ǣ֮Ų鲻ԸվŰ޳Ÿ˵߰ɣ
ˣ
شǰ۾ͻȻһ˳ʩʩȻűӵפȥߵĺ·ȥսеͷ羰
˿˳꣬Ҳ˳ߵķǱפأһ϶¶ȤɫפؿŽǧߣȥŰ
꣡һ׼ų꺰ȥս
꿴һۣͷƵűפȥ
꣡ΰųӶڳ߽˵е߶صפأʱнǧߣ㻹ǲҪȥˡ
ΰļ򣬼Ƶǰȥ
꣬˵
꣡δΰĻ˵꣬Զʹ˼ϲĺУȻоӰӶ
꣬˵ϿúܲҰûСҪ㣬һ˹Ӱֻ޼ɷɵ˳ĸǰųļ
ǰֱ̫ң̫ˣƽҲӶȭͷųš
Χ߶ˣ⼸Ӧ˰ɣȻôЦꣿҲǼĸЦİɣ
ƢɲãЩŰ
꣡޳վڳǰ΢ЦΪ˽Ӱֻ״ǾŸƾΪӵڶСӶӳǳΪĶԱ
£
ΧһģŸǷ𣿾ȻҺͳɶӵڶСӣһԵΰһ꣬ҲǵڶСӣвУ
ԣЦ˵ǶӵڶСӵĿӵ񣬹
ôף޼˷ܵʵ
ȥܣ
ܣ޼ɵɫӵ˷ܣϲˣ˭򣿡
ǣǽԱ߹񣡡
ôС
޼ɻδ˵꣬һԵΰͿЦЩСֵܣܻ治ܹġ
ô޼΢΢üͷΰμӴ̬ܵȺܲ
ӳһȥսһӣӣǧˡ
Ŷ޼ɾŸһ˳꣬ϵĳԾ¶ɣ޳¶˿Ц꣬սĹģԽԽˡ
ǺǡҲ֪ν͡
ˬ޼ͻȻ꣬Ҳμӡ
һ۵ǲȥŰ𣿡
⣡޼˷ܵ˵㲻ͬҲνʱֱӳȥˡ
Ƕӳ޼ɡ
Ŷ޼תתҾټڶСӣ㻹ҵĶӳ
޳˵˫Ŀ֮Ҳֳս⣬վһԵΰܲʵá
һȺ𣿡
һůֵܣֵܣҪԽǧ˵սȴˡЩȴᶨվԼԡ
ˣˣ޼ɱȳ껹ţǰȥûͣͷפ
ЦõҡҡͷҲűӵķе˹ȥ޼ɵ˽֮һֱЩˣ˵ʲôζ
꣡ͻȻһŤͷһЦˣԭǱӵĶʮһλӳҼʮ˸ӳͼ׼Ӱ˸ӳ
λӳЦе˵ǸϽȥ֯һ£Ҫȥսˣ
ӵһСӶӳɫһ꣬ĸң
ʼҶˣʲôҲҵģ
ãããСӳų˴Ĵָ꣬һøء
һָǰҡҡһ֣Ӧǡǡֻƾһ˸ҵĶ֡
˵һݵǰҴҽԺһгһ죬û꣬Ǿģ˭Ĺ˭
˰
ʱΧежֳͷʵܵͣ˵仰һЦƫƫʵǿǰ˼굱ӵҼӳ֣Ӿͱˡ


956
޳ܣ
ӵĶӳˣʷϻûз顣ҪóÿһʱɨһΣӾͷˣҽԺסţôƾűӽǧ˾ܹˣ˵ҲԲ١
޳ܣаЦϴҼӰæǱѾˡҼӺͱΧһˣ޳ܣ
˻һҼӵʮ˸СӳϵɫҲܲÿĿ˼׼ӵİ˸СӳаЦǲ׼ҲҪΧ
׼ӵһСӶӳҵɨһ۵˵ԵɣҲ֪Ǽ׼ӵĶԱҲʰΰ㲻ս׼ӣֻҪһܹսʤңҪʲô⳥Ҷ
ã국ЦӲԶ
ҵ΢΢һ£Ȼ뿪ûаѳгһҲսĻᡣǲòȥѡˣѡˣȻȥϿȥˡ
һ仰Щ׼ӵĶԱһֵģӵһСӶӳɫһ꣬ξǱ֮顣ӮˣǱˣʱʹ˽
۾бһҼʮ˸СӳҼӲμӣ
ҼӵСӳֳŭ֮ɫ꣬㲻Ҫ̫ţ
ôˣһģֻȷһ£ϴֲûвμӣ
ʮ˸ҼСӳұģμӣ
ͷֽĿ˱ӵˣ
һСӶӳĿǶʮӳǶʮӳһͷѾ¶˾ģƴϽǧ˶ҲҪڽ콫СԺҲǵ鷳
˵һСӶӳƽ˵
ðɣ˼һµÿһ֡
ôȥڶӳŭ
һ£תͷΰһֺܶ𣿡
ΰЦܶ࣬һЩԱܹóǾԱò
Ŷ°͵ܹóٻ֣
ΰ˼һµƽÿǧְɣ
ΰˣһСӳŭضΰȵ
국˵ɱŻҵĶԱ
㡭һСӳһãÿ˾ǧ֡꣬óôĶעҲӦóӦĶעɣ
ûУɴҡͷղ˵ˣӮˣҿˣµΪֹ
һСӶӳϱ任ͣսһҧãפص㡣
䣬Сӳȥ국һЦյűפضȥ
һ֮
һ˱ӵפأǰŽǧߣÿһߵ϶߷ߡΧźܶ׼ӺҼӵڹۿ
еɫԽǧҲûаգȻдȻʧͳ꽻ֵЩоһѾ֪Ҫʩչ似ʲô
Ƶơ
µľǳʩչƣǸ޼Ѱʤû־Զֱ£ȫһľ档
ҳûȥ裬ֱӽǵļǻع飬ȺϿͻͻ֣ÿһγֶһʧȥս޼ɿ˷쳣һͳȥ޳Ҳɵسȥΰɫԥһ£ҲȼһŻҲһҧȥ
ǸСӳĿһȵǼʰˣ
жһ˶ӳĲԣֻҪЩ˱ΧһȡֻҪΣûʲôµġ

߳˰޳ʮˣֻ˲޳˾ͱȺûпЦ֪ԼܹȥǣҲȥǣҲûΣգȫһѵʡ̫嶯ر޼ɡ
Գڿʱʱ֣ͣһߡӼߣвɻôһĹ򣬱Ѿһٶˡ
󣡡
Ѹٵؽһսÿĸһս󣬱Աÿսţ깥һսֻҪֵһɲǣΧսͻ귢Ĺ
顭
ͻȻ֣һֵһߣڳֵһɲǣĹųһߣֵһʽὭһ죬ε˳ȥ
ɱ
ų˻˹ȥȻʧɫһ䡣


957
顭
߱ڵأβ˺ȣЩֽս󡣵Ǿǽʱֱʮһߡ
ߵɫʮѿǧ˶ԸһˣȻȷءǶϿˡһԵļ׼ӺҼҲðҡͷ
شǰ
űפأЦ绨˵ֻʵջǻ䡣ÿγֶȺֵܹΣ
Ŀȴ͸¶ڴ֪ӵеĲƣžκǳȭҪǳ漶Ͻɫϴսӣɻϵż۷塣ҲҪƽ˾֣
սΧ֣Ŀ˶ѹѹߡ߾һϵƱ˳
ҪӲײ𣿡
֮֮
ͻȻȺм䣬ֵһ˫۾չһʮ֣Ȼͬ쫷һתײ˳ȥ
ˮΡ
ͬһڴŰֱײһ߾ͬһҶҶ۱ײ顭
䡭
Ҳˣųǰͺ̣֪ʵǿҲûǿ̫࣬ʮԪľʱֻҪǲͣ깥
ڵǳ֮ھиУžΣЩ߶˺ǳ֮ھиеһ˲仯Ͻɫֲܡʱ嶼˽ɫ֮Ⱥкɨ
ôôǿ
֮
ͻƵ漶ˣ
ôô̵ʱͻƵ漶
Ǹո𣿡
Ǳӵ𾪣Ǽ׼ӺҼӵҲ𾪡Ǿǰľʮֵزʵ
ಡ
ȺʧԶߵΧ
ۡ
һѪһײҲˣʹоͷҪˡѸٵشȡһƬֱ֮תƵ˵ڿٵػָͷǸֳһ˿ЦֻһѾ˽һǧߡ
ˣϣ
ӵ۾һ񣬺ų˹ͬһ㡣
ٴν˫չͬһܷ糵һתŶײ˹ȥͬʱǱ겻ǱѾڵϾε似Ѿӵ۷ʵֿǱʵһԽڡɢŽĹͬһһ㣬ǰһ߽ʷ˳ȥ
ӵ۾ó죬һ˳ꡣһƬǽֵߵıķЩݶᱻɷ档û£ǽֵȴһӡ
ಡ
һʧȺ֮УԶ֡
ۡ
һοڱѪ˵øأڵǳ֮Ҳĵ߰˰ˡȴ˽һǧˡֻʣǧߡ
ٴ̷һƬ֮ȻֳһƾͨҺȡһƿǳҩȥ֮ں˾ԪҪ֮ͱͬʱ侫Ԫ
ûˣ
ߺ괭Ϣʱ䣬˲ͱƽ˳ꡣٴʧʹơ
顭
һ߱Щ˹æֽս󣬵һսγ˷̬ܹꡣǸ˳괭Ϣʱ䣿
ǡ
Ҳûа취һսɢң͸˳ƵĻᣬһߵвһ˿ɬ
ôͰ似ѧȥˣʲôϵ
֮ѸٵػָǶսȴƽͬʱֻ꣬𣿡

ų򣡡
еӲӲ
Χۿļ׼ӺҼ߶һĹŹ֣üǧһӲ
شǰ˵ǱӣһӵߺǼǧӲ
ŴʱɫҲʮֲÿȻûǵĵӣռƵȴͽܣͽΪȴ˸ߵⲻܲ˵һֵĴ
رǶ˳꾹ȻͻƵ漶ˡ
Ǻǲ⣬϶ȿ˾ԲôͻأͻƵû˿죿⻹˵£ûˣʲôʵ
̰˼һʵôͻƵģ
ͷһȻҽ̵ĺã

פء
궯ˣûͻȻʧͻȻȺ֮Уһһرƽߡֹͣ˱ƽĽŲ䱸ųꡣ
顭
ÿһضܳأ̤һ
ʹɽɽ⾳ļʣÿ̤һļʹһʽɽڶߵнرøߴͬһΡɽ
⵱Ȼǳرˣһƣߵв˴
ɽԭһʽһʽǿʩչʮʽʱܻᷭʩչʮʽʱֻٴη
顭
ڵ֮֮֮ںϣǱڻۣ֮߶ų۷
顭
Ȼɫһ䣬оһֻĽŲ˹ǽ´زĴĴִͳɽ˹
ɽ
ԭǴص¡𣬵ɽʱһʽʽɽļʣ˵ʮ˲ɽĵʮʽļʱϵȻҲεķɽƺʹ֮ںϵһ
ɽȻ񣬵֮ǰɽֻǳڱͬ޸ƮƼ˴֮ƣɽһ˸ͬһԭյľ޷˵棬ڵ棬Ϊһ壬ְƳֵ˵վЩߣԵļ׼ӺҼӵ߶оֻƣɺȻɫ
顭
Ƶʲһһ̤ÿһ̤ض˹
ˡ
ϿЩչȻ۾ǷִͻȻǿԶӶȥ·ĳٻ
Ͽ·һ¶Ӱ۾¶һ˿棬ٵ˳ȥ˱פء¶һ˿Ц⣬૵ڳһ֪Ƿᳬ
ֱ۾ڴ֮С
顭
Ѿ̤˵ڶʮ˲ųЩ߸оԼ·һ޴һһºϣѪӿÿ̤һڵʹ඼ӡҪ꣬ҳĲǴʱԪңȻԾٲеľѹƺԪ֮С


958
顭
̤˵ʮһ
ۡ
ڱѪֹγɵܾȻܲסܵ˺ҪȸղЩ߸Ĵ
ۡ
ǳڴͷһһǧ߿ڱѪҡҡ׹
顭
̤ĲüѣϵļѣѪŷ˳ȾʱĳͬһѪˡ
顭
̤һʮϵһη
䡭
ѣ¶ѪģЩطѾ˹ͷ
顭
ˤڵϣֱӻ˹ȥ
䡭
˫絶ɽʮʽ˹ȥһƬƬߵ˳ȥλڿоѾ˹ȥͬһƬƬոׯڡ
ѸٵֱӵȡƬ̷֮ȥƬǳҩڵһ壬ͬڵһ˶Ĳǧ֮УǳȭȻ
䡭
һߵ˳ȥǳȭɽҲ֮ɢ겻ǲʹɽʹ֮ƽϣܲסһΣñ߹ͻԹȥǧʧĴ֮֮Ҳָж۾ų˱仯еĶ־ɥʧ
֮ǰִ֮ƶҡǵģƲʲô˶ܹͦסġȻ꣬ڲ֪½˺ܶࡣ
ǳȭػһȭδڶȭǳȭİļʣ·һſǳҰ
Ȼһ龰ǳӡļ䡣ǳ֮С
䡭
һȭľֳƣ·ǳХ
顭
߱˳ȥ
顭
ĺ󱳱ݺݵһţһѪǰ˳ȥ
顭
ֺһȭֳ˵Ұз·ǳߺɡ
ǳȭĵڶʽһȺսǳ塣
䡭
ȫ֮Уÿһȭľֳһƣ·һǳԽԽ߱ɣҲڲϵ֮ܵԭⷭɣʱǱ߹ǣһȺһֻ첲ҲϣǳԾţƾһֱֻ۲ͣغǳȭʱÿһȭ·ʮǳ䣬ط˳ȥ
׼ӺҼӵ¶֮ɫȻûֱ꣬Ҳûиоǳ׹ܣȴǰ߷ɵĳ档
شǰʮ㶼ݡ죬̰ĽؿһʲѣԺ־ʵҲͣϲ
ٺٵЦϾǵ֮ɫʵ˵δʵǲͣҲ߲ȥʣԶﲻ硣
ٺ١ֻЦЦûʵ뷴ǿǵܣ
䡭
һȭʱֵѾûվţɵڵϡϵĹͷҲûһõģЩͷѾ淭˳Ǵʱȴûиоһ㣬վڽֵ֮ϣȫ֮С
һȻӳͱӿʼֵһ̣һȻ˵ҽԺ
۾˫Ŀԣǳȭĵڶʽ漴Ǿҵʹ̼񾭣ܲס
걻ͽҽԺֱһӡڲϣѰ˼ŵŵҹ͵͵ػصԼıűƿӵһСӳһŵϱʿ˽ų¶ɬ֮꣬һὫռøȥ
ã
֮˱㲻Ǹʿ˿ˣ㽫ǸСӳ˳ȥ
ҹ
þصԼıȻ뵽磬СΪԼ·ҩûð޳˶Լıò֮Ϊơܹܲ౩¶Һһ֪кܶ࣬޾
Լ񻹲ǿսһӶܵشοҼӺͼ׼ӣЩѾ֧СӳΪڵһȺˣʮ
Щֻܹʹãõǿ̺д½֮ľ롣Ұ޳Ѿù֮ǵѾű˻ðʱܹµʱ㹻ˡ
һº
ȫȬڳϴһ裬ԼһٷԣڳԷʱͷڲһҳֽ֪һµġȵ극ֽۿ


959
һҳֽ۾ԭһµʱѾĵȫһΪһ߿Ƽҡ
һҳֽ²ŵȥ뵽ұ㿴ڿһǽһվǰ̶ָȶһʱ䶨ӣȻ˰ť
͸оʮͬʱоĴڡһַͨƼγɵһռ䡣֮֮֮ں֮γɣʮó̸оԼڵ֮궯ҵмϥҪ뵽֮С
ǡ
۾ڿռڳĸˣĸ֮˹
һӴӵĸӵʱܿȥĸɢȥúɣֻǳ֮ûжĵơ΢Ѱ˼һ£̶֪ȲʺԼϾԼǳһϽɫ
꽫̶ȵ˶ɽʱ䶨ӣĸٴγ֣ȻĸˣһƼ۳ǵĹȴʵʵڵġӺܿȥóܵѹһЩûдﵽļޡ
̶ֽȵڵʱӣĸ˸ѹȻûи޵ѹ֪ʱ죬ܿͻﵽļޡûи̶ȣǽʱ쵽һӡ
һӽҪȥʱ̣о˼ѹּ޵ѹԾʮ֮֮֮ں֮֮ĸ˵ķ񹥻ּ޵ѹ£崦ڼȵʹ֮Сʹĸ˵Ĺǳ֮ĸתѹ͸֯ٸ˶ѹĻۣʹ
ʹоԼǱһõھھϸϸӵػԾ˱
һ֮󣬳ϥתǳ֮֮֮ںϣ֮תȻԼתٶȿôһ˿Ȼһ˿ȴϲ
⻹ոտʼһھԼǱЧΣ
꿪ʼ˷ʹм尾ÿһμ尾ȥһ˿ı䣬ǳ걳ʹܹһ˿ı䣬Ҳ
Ϊ
ʵ̫ʹˣ
ʹˣҧڼѹеʱԽԽãҪԽ޵ʱо˲ϴʹּ޵״̬ʼӰ쵽ʶľǲʹʹֱǷܹܵģʹһɲǣͼ˹ĸ˺ᣬһֱᵽʱ
֫ڵϣظҵţǿˣоȻһ˿־壬־ڽ뵽״̬֮С
ȥһСʱŴʹлָ˹Ǹԥ˫صʹͬһޡ
ĿüᶨһָоҲãҲգǶԼǱΪԼǳϣɾ׷磬ĩգӭ
ԸȫԼԸΪܣȻ֪һܾˣԸΪܣΪǵϣ
ǡ
һ죬ֳܹɾףʵٶʧǻԥؽƷеܣȻȥѰϼѵ
ûôǿسǱͬʱҲûзֱȳõߡ
˵ʱΣյıԵû·ֻǰ
ĸǰûиı̶ȣһʱһӡֻһӣ겻ȥʵ飬ֿ֪µĽ
Ȼһӵʱȫ˶ĸ˵ķڵž˫صʹ࣬ɫȲ԰ף鴤

곤³һȵʹֹ֮ͣһˬˬҲֻһ˲Ȼᣬ飬
رʹܣܡ
ӵ뿪˵ң򵥵ŪһԣȻֻص˵ҿʼ
꿪ʼ˷ÿ֮һ֮ǰҪϥԼ״̬ԼĿ־״̬
ΣԴʮʱ뵽磬Ĳ£ȴ־˫ʹ˿־壬ÿ֮ǰҪʱ
һ죬죬һܣܡ
˶Ϊڱˣû뵽һֵʽ
˿ɹ۵ЧһºʵͻƵһ۷壬ڵʮϽɫ
͸¶һƣ͵Ĳ԰ףȴɢһǿϢ
һº󣬳ڽʮϽɫʵڡͻƵû죬յ˰޳ĵ绰߳Ǿվڳı⡣
¶˿ĵЦݣµڿԺѷһ¡ɿشӵҳ˳ǰŴ򿪣㿴޳Ŀ
ʱĳֻһĽǿãͷѾ򣬺꣬ɫ԰ףһǷϣƣ͵ĸо
޼Ųӳ̽ͷ̽Ե꣬㷿мŮģҪư
ɫһȻ޼һŵ
Լķȥһһ˵дװ棬һЩ߲˺⣬ϴ衣
ʮ߽̽ͷ̽ԣһɵģǣֱ߽ԡҡȵϴ裬˺ӣɢųһ·ԡгʱʮ˶Ѿãųꡣ
꣬˧
ұ˧
ǰ£ΰų꣬Ѿѻָˣܹǧپʮǧ֡
ǰЩƽ˰ɣ
ΰ촽һ£ҪƴǡЩֶǳһӮģܹ΢һЩͲˣƽôȴû뵽޼ȴһͷðϽˣҺóԷ
ҲһصͷΰһãȻֺܿͷˣÿ˷ٶ֡ںܳһʱǶȱˡ
ʲôʵһ߳ŷһʵ
޳еʳµҵԪϵż۷壬ﵽϵ߼۷壬ִԲ
ҺͱϷԪﵽϵż۷壬ﵽϵ߼۷壬ִԲβ˲˵


960
Ӱ·ҵԪﵽϵ˼۷壬ﵽϵ۷壬ִԲ
ТЦе˵ңƽҦԶ޼ϵ߼۷壬ϵ۷壬ִԲⶼҪмµĸҩʦ͵Ļ֣㴫ڵĴʦÿµָ㡣
ΰڵҵԪ;ϵż۷壬ִԲ
˵ΰ֮⣬ҪǽԪﵽͬһˮ׼ܹʦδػȥٺ١
һ֣ʮ˶һǸоɭɭ·ʲôõҪ
ꡭ޼һĭС˵ʦ
֪ɴҡͷһ̡ܲ
ܲ𣿡
ͻȻһ˳һ£һϱ
ʦ
֪ʲôʱڲſڣбſЦеųꡣϴżЦʦˣ
Сӣʵ˵
ڣͦš
ûУĿ⵭ɨ޳ˡ
޳˵۾ʱȴش˳
ҵѵȷʵЧȴС˵ķǳ̡ǲܹͦԺҲѵǡסֻҪһиǾͲҵĵӡ
Ȼʱǲոտʱ򣬳һƣͲ԰ףⲻһز̰
һΰ˵ڳķϣһѵɣһҲ⣬͸ҹ
ǣΰ˵
Ӯ˲ٻְɣЦеųꡣ
ţæͷղŶˣ
ҰɣһǻȡʺǵҩǲҪȥЩңĵطһǰšˣ꣬Լȥһ
ȻǺһ𰡣ϵشǱĥҲܹƽһЩҲͲôʹˡ
Ļ޳˵ɫЩףܹʹܹߣʹ϶򵥡
ʮһ˰оƬоƬǧ֣Ҳ˶ټƷҩƹάּµˡ
ȴǴһӵʦõġֵ
Ŷôʵ
ȥҼӡ
תתǾͿȥɣȴʮȥ֮ȥ
ǣ
Ű޳뿪ˣϢ˰СʱøոճԵķһЩ뿪˱Ҽȥ
ֳˣ
Ҫȥ
ҪȥսӰɣ
ɵˣͱӵĶԹѾˣʱȥҼӣЩ϶ῴȥʰ
ȥҼӵķѵҪȥսҼӣ
ҼҲ۸ΰѾ˱ӣҪȥҼˡ
ҼӵȻȱ٣ʵȴҪȱǿ̫࣬˵ʮ˸ӳɶһ۷塣־Զһһ۷嶼ֻǲʤҪʮ˸һ۷壬ⲻŰ𣿡
Ϊˣ
ô࣬ȥ֣
߽ҼפأѾҼӵĶԱֳ꣬ŭ֮ɫǿ˵꣬ǵĶӳѾǴ绰ˣϡ
ͷ㾲ﲻΧۼԽԽ࣬ӣҼӣ׼ӣ֮ŵĶҲ˹
ಡ
ʮӰҼʮ˸Ավ˳ǰһӳų˵꣬㲻սҼӣʮ˸ӳպһս˫óȵĻ֣˭ʤ˻ֹ˭ΪΰĶԹһʹ
¶˼֮ɫʤˣҵĻ֣ʤˣǵĻ֣Ȼ󻹵ýΰĶԹһʹôҶһô鷳ҲҪǺҹʲôԹҽġһ᲻ϵԺҼӾ벡Ϊɣ
꣬㲻Ҫ̫֣
͡ЦһҲд裬𡣸ǵΰĻ֣һֹһΡôǵģҪҽˣҸ㣬ҵĹؾûйء


961
СӳһһӣûԸһӴ򽻵رһʵǿķӡΪΪԼһӣԾƹˤԷϿߣϿԺ󲻸۸¾ϿڽｫԶԶ˦ںҲԸ˳ܹϿϰȵӡ
Ͼ˭ҲԸһӴ򽻵ֲˣһӾ˵ˣҲᱻȡЦ
һ˿Թаҵʵ֮󣬽յһٱ㡣
ǿ԰סеŭ˵ãǾͰձӵķӮˣ֮ĶԹʹ˽ᣬˣ͸㡣
ô˵ͽˣʼҼӵ߿Ҫȱӵ߸˺ܶ࣬ÿ˾ǧְɡҪסҼˣʮ˸ˡ
ãԷҧòߣ
ಡ
ʮ˸Ӷ˲佫Χм䣬һϵɢ˳һ۷㣬ų˹
ʮ˸ߵ϶ֳЦǵҲӵʱ򲻹ǸոͻƵ漶ʮ˸һ۷壬ʮ˸Ҳܹɨӣ϶Լʮһܹܳꡣ
䡭
ϵƱ˳ֱӳ屬˱ƽʮ˸ߵƣײΧųһ磬ϳֱʡ
ʲô
ʮ˸ҼӵСӳΧսļ׼ӣӺͶӵҲ¶˼֮ɫ

ʲôʱͻƵģ
ôôͻƵ
겻Ƕ𣿡
𣿡
ʮ˸Сӳֳ˿ɬû뵽Ľô죬ѵǱûھѵһα
ıΪʲôǸϣ

ʮ˸Сӳ໥һеսⰺȻϿܹʮ˸һȺսһĻҲ࣬ʮ˸Ҳһλ
ʮ˸һ۷һδؾûӮĻᡣ
顭
ʮ˸˵ͬʮųγʮ
顭
ſмȻڿзתͷ½ϣһȭ
ǳȭڶʽȺ˸
һȺʽûǱֻǳ֮ͽʵʮ˸˵Ұз·ǳ׹䣬ŻϢǳʮ˸˸оԼ˵СһС
顭
ʮӰ˳ȥһͷѵѪصˤڵϡŵſƮĳꡣ
ΧսЩʿһĿɿڴôܣֻһоͻʮ˸һ۷塣
˻
ǿ϶豸˰ɣ
ʱߵѾһ˿ظоԲһӦһšֻǲΪʲôһ
λشӿ£ʮ˸СӳرһоƬĺ룬ȻȥźܿЩ־ͻᴫԼоƬУǸҲѵһ١
ܶ˲Ծظų꣬Ƿֳ߽ıʱһɵ
ô뵽ıһ߲˽
־Զ̰ĵӣȻ֪ĵӡֻ֮ǰ겢ûбֳҪ¶ϵ־ԶҲû˵˴ʱŵ˵ĵӣ
ʲô
ûи
𣿡
Բһ
ΪʲôϷˣ𣿡
־ԶĿҲ¶֮ɫȷʵֻ϶ȿڴ˲ͳˡ
⡭
־ԶĿͻȻһҲ϶ȿҶûʲôá
ôܣ˷׷¡
־Զȴûǣıиֳһͷ꣬СˡӴ˿ҲС㣬ţһᳬԽ㡣
ȭͷ־ԶȥһҲ׷ɢȥֻɫʮֵظӡ
뵽ıڣ㱻ֱ˵ҡĵҿҪȳĵҴ࣬ʮСһ䡣ʱѾ޳ʮˣܹʮڴصĺ
ףʮ˵ѵѾʼˣֻôһͱôɼǴʱܵݲС
ǲǸоƽࣿЦеʵ
ٺ١
Щøƽ⣬ΰ֮⣬޳Ÿ˻ֻѵȵǶʼ֮Ǹʱľ㶮ġ
ٺ١
ʦƽˣǲҲҪԼһѵ̶ˣ
ٺ١
ɣ
ųƿһţһ׵Ŀռ䣬ǲȴǲƳɵĶһ䡣͸͸ǽ꿴һڴʱΰ沿Ťţⶶţʹš
˵ҲѵǣûǸܹӵǸʸֻһǶģнѵܹӵʲôɾҪԼŬģѵʵ˶٣ֻǲܹع۲ǰˡΰ֮ѡһɡҲҪȥϿÿһǵĽ
ǣ
ѡһΰڵķ˽ȥ⵹̬ҪΰʹģΪ˽ţܹ໥ٽһʱ䡣
Ȼΰ˽ĳ꣬ųǿһЦЦȿ޻ѿҲЦЦȻ趨̶ȣ趨ʱ䣬ťʼ
µʱȥ޳ϷΣӰĸ½˳ռ䣬ѡһȥĸʱԪ;ﵽϵż۷壬ʼӦ֮֮
Т죬ƽҦԶ޼ĸ˻ûдﵽԪ;˫˫ϵż۷ľ硣ûдﵽ磬Ͳռ䡣ΰڽ֮˾ż۷壬ʼ֮ҲȥҪ֮Բȴ򲻵ΰͣȷظʲҲȵʵ弶ϣٷ򣬻ܹɹ
ΰźط˼֮ʼ֮
뿪ʱȷ߳꣬Ҫڰ޳ʵ֮֮ԲˡǶ޷ΪҪõԪ;ǵҲֻдﵽ漶ſӵĻ


962
˳ˣԼܹ֮֮֮ԲΪԼ޾Ĳ֮ҺҲð޳֮֮Բ뷨
µʱó꽫ʵ۷壬ʮϽɫ֮һž˵
ֹȥʮ죬оԼҪͻĹؿһؿֻͻƵܹ뵽ϿɼؿѶȡ
ر豸ϯض뵽˳֮Сƿǳҩʳһ䲻ֹ֮ͨڵҺȫͻƵ֮С
رƿϢسڳǰϯضŶĳꡣ
Ž뵽ϿãѾʼͻˡǰ޹˵ʣٶҲ̫˰ɣ
Ŀɨʮ䣬ǰ޳ʮˣʮǰТ죬ƽҦԶ޼Ҳ½ﵽ˾Ԫ˫˫ϵż۷ľ磬ʼ֮޳ϷκӰѾʼ֮ΰʼ֮㡣
вЩпΰ֮⣬޳Ÿ˶ŷ֮ڣһѹŸ˱ض˺䶯ǾŸ˵ʾ㶼־Զ
һ˳꣬ڰ޳ŸѾͨ꾡˽⡣⼸ţȴûŵĵزŸ˵ıǺͳһܵڿʼġ
˵ǲǿ˵ǵıͳܲɷֵĹϵ
뵽Լ˳Ϊͽ֮󣬶֮֮Բ̶Լʵڣбӿ϶е뷨
Сһﻹ˲أ
ͻȻֳһ˿ЦݣγͻӦûȥұȶɣҿǷŻˣ겻Ҫȥս֧׼ӣֻҪսʤ꿪
뵽ҼӺͱЩ֣ɫЦݾ͸ˡ¾ʮĵλҲ̫Ļ֡ųӮǧ֣Ϊǰʮһ˶һ㹻ҩ
ЩӰ޳֮Խ˿٣һѵ豸һԴԴϵҩð޳ͬˮһغҩ
ʱ޳ʮ˶ֹͣ͸͸ǽųꡣǶ֪ҪͻˣҲ֪һؿһ϶¶֮ɫ
ˡ
ڴһֻһĽǿãǴʱƤȴͬˮһ㵴ɢϢ
޳ʮ˾һ۾ͬһ϶ֳ˻ϲɫж֪Ѿʼͻơ

Źȥ˲꣬ʮСȻʱ䡣ɳʲô̶ȣʼڴ
Ӧ߰ɣҪȳĺܶࡣ
һǰͻƵ֪ûдﵽ۷壬һͻƵļ

³һӱǿоȻɫ壬ͬһԶȥ۾Ŀͬʵһǰ죬Ȼ󽥽ȥӳɢһֺ嫵Ϣ

˵İһֺ嫣һ˲Щ΢΢ʧ񣬷·Եһ档
ϲֳ˿ĵЦݡʵڷɿرƽһָоĳѾʮСǸʱĿʮ
ллֿظл
顭
һȷűƿȻķűƿ޳˷ܵس˽ǻֱӰѳ˵Ƕη塣ʹˣҲΧųһغš
еЦʢЩ˵Ľųľ޴ǳǿʾЩǰ˵ʮ˻δܹͦʹࡣǿųһʹɺԥͶ뵽֮Уʮҧ
رǸ޼ɣÿκۺףֻÿεԵʱǽһ˫۾ضų꣬Ȼҧ
ǵǲ뱻˦µ̫Զһʲûа취£־ȴԼԲܹⷽ꣬ⷽ˳꣬ǻʲô
Ϊ֪˰޳ǵŰѳҲеʹһ֪ڳҲŴٽáʲ˶ܹҧ껹ʲôͦȥ


963
̾ϢһԼ̡
ԼҲôһȺ˺Լһ໥ٽҲԼǱᱻĸס
ˣ
ϵЦݣࡣҲ࣬һʵʵվǰȻɨ޳ʮ˵ĳɾ𣿡
ˣ޳ʵʵػش
ǻϽȥ뱻Խ˦ԽԶ𣿡
ಡ޳ʮ˷ɿس˷ţܿʮͳ˰޳ʮ˵Ӱ趨̶ȣ趨ʱ䣬ť
ʣ˳꣬ųһؿͻѡȶ̫ѣܹܺõȶܻܿ
üëһֳ֮ɫû뵽еһ˵
ڰֵҲҪģʦھͲǸ⡣ԽѵǼľ磬Ǻʵľ硣
ʦָ㣡깧˵
ҹպͱսʹһʽ似˴֮ƣǴ֮ĵʱ̫áЩȻ˶࣬Ǿ粻ԲŻᱻĴ֮壬һ㾳µߣ岻סֻҪĲĴ֮ƾͻɢȥԣǴӽͿʼں似ֱܹʮʽںΪһʽһ̤֮Ƽɡˣ似ʲô
ɽ
ãǿʼɣ
οʼ
භ
ã
ս˲䰺̤һһӣ˾룬ȫͷɽĻᡣ
顭
ٴ̤һؿʼΧ͸ǽ΢Ҳ֪ʲôƳɵģȻִ֮ƶֵܹ
顭
һһǰ̤ϵļ⿪ʼ飬ѾﵽȻɳִ֮ܲơԥֱӽ֮˿Уϵļһ߱һ飬ҲھȳǱ̬Ļָ
顭
˵ʮ˼㣬絶նȥһֻСȭͷѸػȻһ죬嵹˳ȥݺݵײǽ֮ϣѪ˳ǽ·ʡ
ڵ˳˼Ҳվ΢΢Ҳͬ˳˼ֱɽоǴ֮ƣо似ܣһָоԼܹɽϴ֮ںϳһУԼҲһԾ
һ֮ڣͰɳ֮ϡ΢΢üͷЩ찡һʣôͻƵô죿Ųʱˣ
ҲüͷӦǳżȻԹʲôĵرĵرҩЧûھҡ룬ʲôĵرҲӦĴˣҪٽһˡҲһӾͣ
صͷ˵Ǿûô򵥣᲻ʲô취
м˵ܹʲô취а취ʮʵ
ʵúܿ찡ЩƵ˵Ҷ߼һٶˣȴһʱ弶ͻƵڣۿž׷ˡ
ɫ΢䣺ͻƾǳ뵽Ͽ֮飬ѵΪꣿ
۾Ҳһѵǳ굱õĵرûгꣿлУ
˸Źâģеĵرǲ򵥰ʲôŵرε߻Ч
໥һۣȻ¶ԷԼе̰֮ɫ
걻ˡҲܾûгˡĵ˵
΢΢˼һµǹ۲һʱ˵ɣˣݲ
̰ıڡ
־Զ̰Ķ棬̰һ֮ɫ̧ͷ־Զ˼ǳʲǲã̫ãõ˿϶Ҷã
ʦƲģûͳĿٽ
̰΢΢üͷⲻ̫ܰ϶жоãô˵ʣ
⡭ֻǵӵƲ⣡
̰ͷƲȲҪκ˵չأ֮󿴿˵ٴεõͻƣƲеûͻƣĳɾҲˡ


964
顭
һα򵽣Ѿˣ뵽ϿʱѾꡣʱĽû֮ǰںƵˮסֻǽʮʽɽںϳ˶ʮʽɹʮңԶ
ȴõһ벻ĺô֮ͣƣϴ֮ƣȻĴڲ֪ͻƵ˵ֵĴڡ
һеõôľѾɽĵ״ӳҪ˹ȥͳһоνʮʽɽںϣڲϵо֮УʵȻȻ۷塣
ΰͻƵһɹؽһ˴ɫ޳Ҳ֮֮Ų۷壬ʱڳŽ֮֮֮ںϡ
꽥ϿߵеȥˣƺѾû˼ǵڰ޳˸û֪ǣʮ˼ǸոսϿͱ֪ǣ
һ˽뵽Ͽ˾͸֪ĴڣϿҼӺͱӱһ䣬ȻĴڿԵص¡ʱǻʱ꣬ʱƣһʱȥҲûг˵ǰҲذѳˡ
һУ־Զʵ÷ɿ죬һŹ˵ʣһҲһʦ̰˫£־ԶʵѾͻƵ۷塣Ѿȥ˼׼ӵһСӳְ񣬳ΪȺеһԱ뵽Ͽ񾿾ʲôʵû֪
׼ӵһСӶӳְ־ԶΣʵڼ׼ҲʲõسΪ˵һ
ΪϿұ֧ʵĵһ֣䡣ÿĳ֣Ŀⶼ˳ݡ
ǡ
ÿ־ԶıʱĿȴ¶ڴ
ĵڡ
䡭
ͳԺһȭڷıڵļ̣Ǳҵɢȥͬһһͳͬڴһ㡣
˺ڷ𵴣˵ıڣֱ˻ͳ𵴶
ۡ
꾹Ȼ𵴵һѪȴ˷ܵЦݡûʲôоֻҲϲõЦݡ
˺ڽɽںϵһһܹһ֮ơֻ֮ĳʹкܴĲ࣬ʵĲø͡
ںϵĹУڴ֮ƵԽԽͬʱҲڲ֪˵ִԲֻʵȴûʲô漶ڣҲ˵ҲֻǽʮϽɫ
ڵľȴʵʮּ̣֪ԼרԼʵˡ
ֹȥ˽ʱ䣬뵽ϿѾʱ䣬ʮСȻʱ䡣ѾμʮСȵĿɲǼұЩӣϿڻȺ壬Щ˲ʮСߡ
ҲʮϲΪһʱͨںɽ˴֮ƣʵͻƵڣڸʱ䣬һ֮ƣһͻƵ߼ھŴǰҲԲλࡣ
ְʱ޳ҲͻƵ漶ֻǳ̶ͬΰҪù²֮İ޳Ÿ˲˺ܶ࣬ԭʵȰ޳ˣȴ
ֻ˴ɫ޳Ѿʹ˴ɫϷΣӰʹ˴ɫТ죬ƽҦԶ޼ɽ˴ɫ
ԭ̽뵽֮Уû뵽ȴֹǽ˶ټĸǰ
ѾչһʱˣҶȡһЧһ⡣漶ѾڸˣԺǾͲˡѾôÿ˵ıĵҰװ˺һ豸óӮĻִ˻ȡģڿԻȥˡ
ʦأ
ҪȥϿչأʦоܿͻͻƵ߼
ϲʦء
ɨǰʮһˣȻĿ˳ϵȥҲȥ׼սˣѾȥСӳְ񣬽뵽Ͽ׼ӵһСӵĶӳ־Զ
־Զ
ͷ̰Ҳ־Զѵ˺ܳһʱ䣬ҹ̰Ѿʽ־Զǰ̰֮ûаʽ־ԶΪʽͬɽһ㣬ԼǿкǿҪ־ԶѾͻƵ۷壬ӦÿԳסʽǰʽ
ʦʽ𣿡
Խս̰ľ㲻ܹС־ԶӵʽδĶ֡
۾սڿռ伤¶εɣ
һµ־Զңұ㲻ȥѰ׼ӵ鷳ңƱΪ׼ֻصձĹ
˵Сӽƻ־Զ֣أȻ㡣
ǺǡűӸЦ
߰ɣ˰֡
ӵ߳ƿĴţĿʮһ˶پˬٲŶפصķȥһһ߰ĥ־ԶѾͻƵ۷壡ֵõʽڴ
־Զһս֪־Զʵ־Զһ۷壬ϵż۷壬ԭƾǳ֮ھ죬˵ɫ֮û׻־Զǽȴ⣬Ǻ־Զƴ˸ܾˣʤ˶֡
ʶ־ԶȻûǳ֮ڵԪ۵ʮ־⡣ֵõ˿Խսʽ־Զ
꣬Ǹ־Զĵû㣿޼ʵ
ͷû־Զ˽⣬־ԶһġȻ־Զûнͨ־ܹȷԷԸ񡣶ΪϿ֮ӣܲꡣ
ǿߵ̬
ڳϣҲͬ
ʮһ·ϣЩ߿˳ʮһˣɫЩ΢ǸоʮһЩİ־óЩϤϳ˳꣬һʱ֮һƬȻ
ǳ꣡
ֳˣ
Щ˭
ǶӵڶСӵĶԱɣ
ôǶǿİƺ漶Ϣ
ǲͷͻƵ漶˰ɣǲǽ뵽ϿûмǲǶ𣿡
ֿˣ
ʲô֣


965
굱һҼӺͱӣֻм׼ӻûԣ˵겻ȥս֧׼ӣֻҪܹʤһˣκѾȥ׼ӵһСӶӳְ־ԶΣ־Զڳոս뵽Ͽʱڳ֣֮־ԶͻƵ۷壬һҳ긴𣬶ҪҼ׼ս˵ֲ֣
ְ
˶פأȻֿһصԼıص֮ϴһ裬Ȼ΢˵֮ȡֻһʱһֱػһкܶϢð˳
εģнģģзӥģϲõǻϪ˵ģϪѾ뿪˵򵽴д½
ǸϪһ绰ͨ绰˽⵽Ϫд½ϻĻҪȵһд½ࡣϾǸʱĳһĨڣҲûʯϪϴųǵʯҶд½Ҳ˺꾡˽⣬˺ܶΣա
Щ˶ֿˣҪд½ͱֿ򻹾һ𣬻úϪܹ˶ʮˣеļ뵽ļ壬еļţеļðնӡ
Щ֮侭ϵȻӹòͬе΢һЩеĹüһЩЩ˻ûģóǳˡ
ϪĹֱַ֮ʮ߸ͨ˵绰Լ״ȻŸӥȥ˵绰
ӥصһаãҲ㱨ǷϪ˴ӵ뵽д½ȵһЩȻ˽䣬κĵ绰˵Ҳ뵽˺Ǽֻ߿࣬˵ǵǳҩˡ
µ绰֮󣬳һԼǳҩһǳҩҲʣˣҪȥһЩǳ֮Һǳˡǳҩǳҩûù˼ŵлͰЩҩ͸˰ɡ
˵绰ʱѾѪǳ뵽ţʵѾǺ
˵绰ʰһ£뿪ôãûһΣչһʱ䣬׼һ¡
Сʱ֮һϣһʯ֮źĺϡϵİ΢Ӻӳ䣬Եӵء
̧ͷ΢գĩ֮ǰĹͬξһңԶƺЩ벻ģ̾Ϣһ˫¶䡣

ͻȻһ̾Ϣоһʲô˾ȻϢسǰѾڣȻǱ߶֪˶ж⣬޷ܶԷĹ
˲ȻתͷȥĿһɣԷȻлŽ䱸㲻ΪʲôͻȻԣѲʼôš
ʯվʩ
ͷº͵˵ɣ
ǣ
깧Աߣʮʮֵ𾴣Դ֪֮Լںӵ漶ǰľͬӤһ㡣
ӵûȫ磬֮ž޴ĺ蹵ûӵǰûлֵء
ڻĩǰ磿º͵ʵ
ǣ깧ش
̾һⱲӾҪڰжȹˣֻܹҵļ֮УҲҲԽԽģ
ĬȻҲʮֳʹ̧ͷ죬Ⱳܹؼ𣿡
֮˳Ĭã˳꣬Ŀ⾼
꣬˵𣿡
ţʦ˵
д½һҲܹ糹׷룬ӭع
ĬȻ
꣬ڽ뵽֮ǰǲǳԹʲôĵر
һоͻȻԼǰƺô򵥡뵽Լܣͷ֪ҲǳԹɡ
ô˵Ŀ˸
Ϊ͵ʱ˰ɽǸʱĩջûн١ȻĩվͻȻˣ˰ɽȫʧ˷һʱųһʲôԣɽʲôҾͳʲôҲǴʱʼҵʵʼȴ֪ǳʲôŻˡ
ֳʧҲһ˿ɡ˵ʦһʵǲٰ
ʱѾʮ˼ǻԼʲôĵرĵرԼϻʣ࣬Լʦ֮ʵԼĵرʦʳ
оӦøһĽͣһܵŲһ¡Լǰ޻֮Ϊʵ˭֪ʲô
ҺʦܹһȡýΪ˴֮ơ
֮ƣüëһ
ǵõսӵʱʹ֮ΪһǴΰɣ
ǴεƣزĹɫ΢䣺ʦȫ˴֮ƣ
ҡҡͷӦûȫһֵɽܹʮʽҴû뵽ɽʹںϳɴ֮ƣǰҲûзҲΪԭɡԣʦϴżȻͷų֮󣬱ұչأʮʽɽһ۵ĹһЩ֮ƣǱõͻơʦ˵ⲢĴ֮ƣʦѾȥչˣ˵ֻҪܹһ֮ƣܹһͻơ
Ѿ˳ĻвЩǹֶҲܹҪҼȻõͳͻƵķƾԼҲܹ֮ơ
ֻǲĵʵ꣬˰ɽеõĶûʣࣿ
ɫԵһµ˰ɽûеõʲô
ȿȡЩ˼˵ָ˰ɽõʳ
ôУʱõʲôͳʲô
һ˿ʧȻָֻº͵ɫĳļúҿ㣡
ǣлл
깧Ӧڿռ䵭ȥټһ
³һȻһֱºͣǸѹȴСոһȻһǰһӰɵŨ˲ʵһӰ
һӴʯʩ
Це˵ղź˵Ļܲٺ˵һ飿
һԼʵѸ٣˲עⰡϻǹ˵Ȼ


966
꽫ղŶĻ˵һ飬Цеų꣬걻Щëһӵʱ䣬Це˵úŬʮСӮһϯλ
лл깪
ʧһңŸϽرγûеõɣŪøӽš
һӰͻأسڳǰһȭͷڳмٵͷŴϢóоԼһȭ֮¡
ǳ֮ǱչϽɫľ˸ǳ֮ϽɫУ֮һ̳ҲûԼ˿ʵһֻ˲ɽɫˣ׵ĺڰʽֻȭͷк
䡭
ֳ죬ûԼɱ߱˳ȥɺúõվû˿ˣһȭľһǳ֮ΪղʲôҲûз
ԷֻȭͷںƽӴһɲǻȭΪƣɹ˲˷ת֮ûһ˿ͣ·ԭڷһ㣬ҽ귢ĹȫɣԷû˿Ĳʣʱվڳǰųꡣ
˶ԭز໥ŶԷֻԷĿдһ˿棬һ˿˷ܣĿ˽䱸ȫ
ʱо𣬶ҲΡȻʱȫȴԼڶԷǰͬһֻϣԷԼ
˭
ʵӦñʮǿɣ
ĿͻȻһѿڶ
Ǹֳһ˿ºͣص˵ͷ
Ѹٱýţǹعʩ

ӹ̧ͷʱȴѾڲ֪ʲôʱʯ֮ϡллȻʯһߡ
ֵ
оһݣ֪ԼڵܱסˡиûзԸԼСʵ顣
ס˳һɾ뵽壬ɫ΢ô壡ҿ϶ȿǾĲųİɣ
Щεصͷо͸¶ţΪԪѾ뵽ľͬʱɫȴǾޱ䣬ųֶЩһ˳һۣȻ̽ľ
ĺǲȷջʲôһ뷨ʱȴץס
̽һӵʱ䣬ŷ֣Ŀֳ˼ģ
Ҳ⶯ΨнŵԺмٵ˼ţֻҪԼ¶ԼԵݣӦûһ˿ȫĻᡣϾ˵ĳҲΪ˵һܹ糹׷룬ؼ͵ֿ͡Լʲô⡣
ǡ
һΪĻǰ˭֪᲻ʲô뷨
վųʩһ񣺡лл
꾪һһߣЩ֪ط־һ˿ҡʧȥͻȻ˿Щԡ
һʯϣ¶еЦݣ£
лл
ƽоƺԼûʲô⡣ȴɽ䱸ţǰѾûʲôܣֻʣµ˵ݣһܹ˵
֪Ϊʲôл𣿡˵
֪ܸɴҡͷ
꣬һֱƲΪһؼؾǽ죬Ǿһʲôӣû֪Ҳʧȥ˷ȻһֱŬҲʹһЩ죬ȴδķްգʱˡ
˵ֳһ˿֮ɫǽҿ˾ȫ֮ģҲ֪˽ķ˵ҲӦлл𣿡
ɫķֻҪ֮ģȫԷƳķҪ굱С
꣬ŸҰʱһܹ죬̤硣лл
л
꣬ҵʲ㣬һָо֮ǰ̤磡
ô᣿
ǺǡʵЦһ£˭̤硣


967
⡭
ôң
Ŷսһ˿˿شаȻصصͷã
θı侭Ĺ˵¶һ˿ڴ
á
꽫ԼĹ˵ֳ֮һ˿ź˵ľȫżȻĽ
ǣصͷ
΢΢һüͷȻŵЦȡһľзʯ֮ϵ꣬㡣ϣܹΪʮС֮һ
䣬ʧڳǰ
ĿʯϵǸľ֮ϣĿ򿪣Ŀһ澹Ȼϲݣ˵㣬Ȼжʮꡣ
ϲűȥ߱Ѱ˼Ž췢飬ҡҡͷֳ˿ЦԼǿƻ˸߲ע⡣
겢û˶͵뷨ѾˣͲٵ͵ˡʦڣԼҲ͵ˡΨвϵĽܹЩ߲ӵؿԼ
ϾԼĳɾд½˵һ¡
ĽŲͻȻһ٣˵ıӰһʶһȴһ۾ϳͷ־Զ
־ԶǸߴʱųǰȥԲûзĳꡣֳһ˿Ц⣬־ԶջˣҲҪ־ԶдһҪ־ԶʵΣʽΣ
ûк־Զյظ˺档־ԶǸ߹Ȼ˳ı֮⣬űں꣬־Զݷã
顭
Եı¥̨ش򿪣޳˳̨֮ϣ̨־Զǰ޳£
޳ʶ־Զܹо־ԶǿϢԽ˶Է
־Զ΢΢һüͷҳꡣ
޳̧ͷһ̨겢ûг겻ڣʲôԺ˵
ڰ֮ͣס˽ŲбһŴϣ˫ֱǰȤǰ뿴޳δǰ״
־Զٴοһ۰޳ջָһ߿ڵлϿĹʸϽսϽҲָ½Ҵͳдһ¡
Ŷ޳شһ»Ȼ̾صͷĵӺܴ󣡡
𣿡˵
޳ûнӻĻŹֵ־Զ˼һ֣
־Զ촽鴤һµʵѾ˵ˣҪԡ
ôϸŰ޳Ȼ˵
˵ʲô̤ǰһϵƱ˳׺ݵ˰޳
޳ҡҡͷ֪ɢϢи¶һ˿м
Ԫ;ϵż۷壬ƾʵսꣿ֪֪վԱ־ԶҲ˳£
־Զɫ΢䣬ǻȴȻǸʱ޶ӻһ۷壬޶Ѿ۷壬޶ӺͳϣŰһǳꡣ
Ǻǡ
޳ͻȻǰĻܺЦ֪굱ϵż۷ʵô漶ģԴͻ漶֪֮漶ϵ֮ž޴ĺ蹵ϵȫܻ漶ߡ
Ȼ֪굱Ȼϵż۷壬ľȴѾһ˿ɫ֮ǹᴩһеܹ֮漶ߡ
ֻǰѳ̬ˣϻ̬ˡһ˿ô˵аսʤһ۷ˣ
ûУ
û뵽ȴǻشʮָɴ࣬ð޳ɫһ㶡漴ɢȻս뿴ǿ٣ò˶ãҾͻᳬԽֻ볬ԽĵһĿꡣ
޳еļʧˣǰȻЩ֮ɼΣҶԼҲѵĶλð޳һ˿塣
㲻ҳˣ޳˵
ţ۾һУ۷˸
Ҫָ㻹ֲ꣬˵ǴϽϽԾָҲҰ޳
޳δؾɣ
һӰӽֵսǴ˳޳۾һУϳ˭Ǻһ뵽Ͽˡ˰޳Ÿ˽뵽Ͽ֮⣬ߡһصڿڵڶڰ޳Ͳ޳һһԽ޳


968
޳¶˵Цݣ֪ʣһᱻΪӣ˵Ѿ뵽漶ʵһԼǿһڳĴ̼£޳ȸŬûܹųҩʦָ豸ûܹ󡣵Ȼ˳Ǹ̬
أս
Ҫ֤һ˵Уҵʵǿġһֻܹҡ
ߵ˰޳ǰֱŰ޳Ѿһγ˴ɫ뵽漶һֻ꣡һʱͻƵ漶㻹ϵưɣ
͡
޼̲סЦʵͣ˴ɫصĻôܲЦ
ôЦ𣿡
صؿ޼һۣг˱ӣ޼ɵ֮ʵ͵ģһȻЦԼǸʸ
޼ɽЦݣŰ޳׸磬ⳡøҰɣ
ã޳ɴغһ
صɫһ㶣Ǿһ֮ʣ޼ɡ顱һ̤һϵƶȻص޼ɵη·Ȼøߴͬһ㡣˫ȭͬ޴
޼ɵ־Ŵ
漶Ŵбʱ޼ͬһֻȭͷ޴졣
漶
־ԶƤһ£û뵽޼˶һʱͻƵ漶ôʲô磿
ıЩȻΪԼǸţҲûаһʱͻƵ漶ǰ޼ɾȻһʱͻƵ漶ԼҪսĳ꣬ɫֳһ˿ãȻ
صɫϵȻǿƵ޼̤һ˫翪ʼ˫֣ǵĹǽ֮һ̤ȳ֣˫ͬһ㣬˲ȭͷ͵޼ɵǰ
Ϭţ£
ʱؾͬһֻ޴Ϭţӣ˫ȭһȭ޼ɵʺһȭǰء
׺ݣ
޼ɵ˫ȭ˳ȥ˵ĸоǸͲȭͷ޴
顭
ֻȭͷ׺ײһһڵըĺڿռ˽µĴΪ֮ѣ˫ϵȻ顣
ŵŵš
ĵص߲ǿסӣ˫΢΢ֻȭͷѪⷭɡ𾪵Ŷ޼ɣһʱ֮侹Ȼʧ
޼۾΢΢һУŴڽ뵽漶֮󱬷ó궼оľ
޼ʵΣطǳôҲû뵽ԼŬһ꣬òͻƵ漶ս޳ܰ޳Լǿƻع顣
ǡ
ԼŬһĽȴǺͶԷľԽԽˡ
˵ǰ޳ˣԼһƲ޼ɶ򲻹ˡ
⡭ʵ̫ݵˣ
ȫܹ޼ɴʱѾˡǽĿ˻ָ˹ʵ͵ġɣ
ɫһ죬ʱѾ֪ԼͳĲࡣ껹ûг֣ƾʵ͵޼ɾȫԽһлܡ޼ɵһʽѾ֪Լ޼֮Ĳҡҡͷˣ˵һò˶Ҿͻ㷢ս
޼ɵһЦսˣ
ĿкԼս⣺һģת꣬ŬһЩ̫׷
ǺǺǡ
޼ɵ˶ЦóŬһЩϻбȳŬ
һ뵽ʹмֵĳ뵽Լڳļ£ͬͦһʹḶ́ɴһս
ʹĲܹܵģ
ֳŭɫܺЦ𣿡
Сӣ޼ضԻ˵úŬɣֻҪסжŬ궼ҪŬͿˡ
һԵ־ԶĿһֱܹ޼˵滰ԼƲ㣬ŬĻĳʲôΪ
һڣһ۷壿
־Զֳڴ֮ɫ޼ɵת桭
꣡
ûеȵ־Զ˵꣬޳ͳŲԶ־ԶȻͷյ˹
Ѿزһ־ԶսԼģҲûбҪˡ˵ʱʮڹעԼ
֣Цеغ־Զк
ߵԼǰĳ꣬־Զһ꣬Ҫ㷢ս
ԣЦе˵һ⡣
ʣ
ǴԼսǴ׼ս
־ԶĿһʲô˼
국˵׼սôҪһ֣ô׼Ӧһǧ˰ɣÿǧ֡
־ԶɫƽҴԼأ
ܼ򵥣국˵ұ֮ս׼ӣҪǽ֡۸ҵĶԱȻû¶һ׼ҲУ
꣬־Զ׼ӳսʱ͵ص־Զ
Ȼһ̧ͷſȥһӰڿС
̰
̰һ컹֣ˣˣˣ̰Ҳˡ
ǴʱսⲻȻʵʮϾǵ䣬־ͽϲѷʮѷԹϵã
ʱ̨̰䣬αʧںڰĿС
־Զųһȭټ
ı֮ڡ
Ͱ޳˿֮ڡ޳üͷ̰꣬ѡ̨ʲôע⣿̨֮ϣҵõѹһġ־Զռơ
Ϊʽԭͱѧʽʺս
γڿ֮ڡ
ʦ
˶վڰ֣Ȼɳ֮ϣ£Ŀ
ҹĿǰʵ̰һٰʮ
һٰʮڣе˶һ
һٰʮ£ܹУڲܹе£ʽռźܴơرʽĵʽܹһԶ־Զ˵ռȫʱ˺еĵϿԵûм֧㣬Ҳռ˺͡
ϲֳһ˿Цֲǵģҵġ
ʱƽְɡԳһս㲻ռ˿ƣ־Զ漶۷壬ʵϳ㡣


969
ʦڣ
֪ͷ־ԶûѧʽӮû⡣ѧʽ֮󣬼ʹǳҲδؾܹӮûԹʽ֪ʽ߲ͨͬǵսѾԶԶسڡ
ǳƶ˵
̰ıС
־Զֱվ̰Ķ棬дŲʦΪʲôҪҺͳ̨ϱԣԳ겻ƽ
̰־Զһ۵Ҫ̨ͨ˽ꡣ£ܹսʤ㣬֤ȷʵƲһΪĵرֻܹĵȼܹսܸ㣬֤ƲⲻԣǷʳŵرȥ׼ɣóǿʵҪʦʧ
ǣ
־Զ뿪ıӰʵ̰лû˵ܸ־ԶǾ֤ʲãܹͻƣǾֻһͣϻĵر
ڶ졣

΢֡
һʿӱ˳̨ȥҪ־ԶֵϢѾϿһЩڸյϢ֮󣬶ֹۿһ
ÿһжףһʤ߲˵϶ܹΪʮСȴһߡ
ֻЩϿûгɳԼ֮С
갲ϴһ裬һ·˹ظԼһͣس֮󣬲յ߳˱
⵹ǳ겻־ԶʮӶԷһֽսͱ뱣ңһŶԷĽ࣬ɡ
˴ţ㿴޳ʮվŴ֮⣬Ŀڵų˹
꣬ɾһǸ־Զ֪˭ţ޼ɴǰȭͷڳһȭ
꣬ûɣ޳ʵ
ֳһ˿Ц⣺ҺڴϣҪʧ
޳شЦ
޳˵һͳ˵Ц̨ȥʱ߿ǣһĿⶼʮָӡ
굱˿ӵػ˱ӺҼӣֽĿ˼׼ӣǵһŭϾ˵ˣͬʱҲһ־壬Ƕǿߵľ塣
ʲô˶ܹһȥӣȥҼʮ˸ӳͷʤ־Զ
Щ˶˽Ų˳˵ⳡȶʤǵж϶ʤһ־ԶȻ־Զܸ˳꣬ȴζŽյĳܹսʤ־Զ
һʱһʱ
ʮûڶش棬ǳ̨Եĸ̨ϯ֮ϡԴӽ뵽ˣֵ̫벻ЩעⶼС
ɴŵЦ⣬Цȴս⡣ΪϸؽʽȻʽзʽ֪Ǳʾȴ˵װףϾֹһΰ̰С
˵ʽ֮󣬻ڵԪһʽͿӵԾһʵҲ˵־ԶԪȻ۷壬ʵϵʵȴѾﵽ۷塣
ó˷Դǳ֮һֱͬûж֣־ԶȻھƺԼһЩʽȴȫֲȱݣгԽ
ǳ֪һϣ־Զû˿ƣԼǳӵǿ󣬼սʽԣһʽȫɹܹʽһᱬ޴ܣʹոɽһʽҲδ־ԶĶ֡
Ըܹʽһʧģ
ϵЦ⽥󣬽괩һɫܽʵȴ׳һƮݵĸо
ʱ̬ȫȥ䣬Ƿ·̤һ㡣
̬ϰɫǼȾֳʣŰЩߣʱҲһ˿Բλࡣ
꣬ͣ
һŮͻȻų꺰һҼӵŮߣһĿ⣬ͬһǸŮߡǸŮɫһ죬Ͻͷ£ʱҲ֣Լղôô󵨡Ҫ֪ɼϿߵĹС
Щ߼ǸŮӵͷջĿ⡣


970
꣬ͣ
ȻһƬЩһͬص㣬ŮЩٴĿЩŮߣȴû뵽ӼЩŮߵ淴һ
Ц󣬳Եİ޳ҵ˺Ҳûô
޳˳ų˴ĴָЩŮ߻˻ӣӭ˸ĺ
ϯϵֳЦ⣬СӣŮԵ
ľŴɫ΢ʱһӰ˹ϯϡʮ̧Ŀһæվʩ
ڰ֣Ȼмλ£ʮߵ£ʮжƽ
̰ĥΪʲôͻȻѵҲעꣿҶϤԼ˼뵽бЩ
Ҳĥţѵ֪˳ݣҲֳһ˿
̧ͷȥ̨֮ѾվһӰĶ־Զ
־ԶʱĿ˳֧꣬ͬȻʱûͷųǿϢǳܹо̲֮µȡ
нǸĶ֣
д͵Ŀ˵ǿ佱־Զ־ԶΧսЩжЩŹ֡
ȫһ־Ӹ£˵ǳȴҲʦʦܵ
ǡ
־ԶʦӦʦܰɣ
һ˲̨֮ϵ־ԶϵϢһ£ܣõͣһ˿⡣Ǿһ˿Ǳʶг˳ľӸ£Ϣͱ
ϯϣ¶һ˿ζ۾̰ɫһ
û뵽Ѿﵽ˾磬ûе̨ѾʼƣɵıҪ
ж־Զһ˿ʧʧһֱõ־ԶȻ˴ƣһȥʤ
Ŷüëһֳһ˿Ц⡣Ϊʱ̨֮ϵ־ԶѾ˳ơ
Ͼ־ԶҲһȽˣտʼһ˿ܿͱ˲ޡ
ƾʲôң
ƾʲô˵
漴оһݣΪʮǿ̰ĵӣʶԼ˳СеĲʧƽ̨֮µĳ֪꣬㻹ܹҵĶֶã
ȻһЦȻ־Զе˼ǾǾһս֮Ҳ־ԶĶ֡
΢΢һݣαȵ̨֮ϣ˶־Զ
ʱһ̨֮µ˵־Զ꣬ǽһٰʮ֮±ȶǿ
ûУ־Զͳһش
ãӵӦڣ
Ǹ̨߽ϵһŴ򿪣Ȼ󰴶˰ť̾͸оѹȶ
ӡ
̨֮Ѿﵽһٰʮо޴ѹǳ֮ת΢ʵһ̨֪֮꣬ϸͷɲԾ¾ͻܷ
ĿŶ־Զȥб㲻һ־ԶıƵᣬ·ûܵѹһ㡣
иоѹ
ѵʽķǳӦ̨
ų̂߶
Ц
־ԶƵվԼĴ߶ȥӦǲ¶
ֻתǳ֮ǳ֮תٶжԼӰ졣ҲͬһƵģ
̨Χսɫ¶˲֮ɫ־Զͳ̬̫ˣѵ̨֮ϻûп
԰
ղŷѾ˰Ҹ־ԶͳֻӵӦʱ䣬Ѿȥķӡ
һֱʿͷϷɹҪ̨Ͽշɹոշɵ̨Ͽգͷ·ȻһֻεĴְ̫߬סݺݵˤ̨֮ϣʱһࡣ
ߵһԭû־Զͳʵ̫ǿ
ӵ̨֮´һ
־ԶȡһצÿһֻצⶼͷɭĹâֱ˫ϣ˶ĳꡣ
ϣ
ȡǳбࡣ
־Զ˫չȻƮĿһȻ־ԶֻƮߵĸ߶ȣ̨֤벻ٶȡ
⡭˫һ˿ʣʽ
Ŀ־ԶĽ£üëһо־ԶµĲͬȻܹо־ԶĽһƺų̨ϵų־ԶܹƮ
ų⣡
˲ųԭԭûãķʽһ㡣
־Զͬһֻչ˫֮гšӵ˾ԵٶȣѾڱľ档
һǰң
һһ㣬ûҵĶ
ƿʼſʼƺ໥ںϣʱоĳ겻һϣһȴԼȥ̤ϡ
Ʈ
־ԶƮһ̣е߶Ϊսʧȥ
ȻǶγȴҪȥϣ־Զػܳ꣬ͨȡɵΪȡʤ
־ԶܹƮֻܹƮߣҲƮ̨֤Ѿ͵ͲȡȴͬŰᣬıʲôͷ
ⳡĵص־Զʦ̰ѡģⲻΧЩʮָӡ
Щͬ꣬ҲЩ־Զԭ־ԶĳݴʧرЩŮߣǵĿⲻȥ־Զǵĵ˳ꡣ
ǵĵĲûɣ־ԶܹƮĵԪͻȳٺܶ࣬־ԶúͳӲƴֻƴľܹѳ
ɫ̰ɫƽ͸¶һ˿̽ҲҪӦԡ
־Զ̨νŲӯų˹ȥ
˵Ŀⶼ˳꣬޳ʮ˵ж¶ڴǲڴҲܹƮֻҪܹŲӯ־ԶƽͿˡ
Ҳ̫ѿ
ʧˣվһ
ʱʮף־ԶӯǸвͨ˵ԼʱܹҲܿ콫ԼԪĵһɶ
Ȼ˲Ӱ죬ǾӰ졣
ϵȻڵȻΧжһ䡣

̰ĿҲһ䣡Ѹٵ˼š
ڵʵҲ־ԶĶ֣˴ΰ־Զ֣֮ô֤ͻŵرһĵرܹӮǡ־ԶƲȫȷӵʣ


971
̰΢΢۾̨֮ϵĳꡣ
־Զֳţ˫צ໥һһϺѾӯ˳ǰס
ڶˣҽ̧ص̤ǰһһ·һɽԭɽĺصһٰʮЧɽһʽ˲䷭˼

µǸϽ̨ʱ·һӴ죬˺䶯صֱΧۿѪӿϳѪ졭
һɲǣ־ԶӯĲȻأʮֵء
һоµƺͻȻ˼оһƮѸٵԪꡣ
ǡ
ʱƮϲֳһ˿š
ɽһʽ
ɳںϵɽԭߵúص·ӣʱӣɽһʽ绢
ʱ־ԶУͬһΡɽ㵹Ұ֪еĲ޷ǳеǳ
־ԶʽʩչǳѾĸǰһûһ˿飬־Զᵽζ
䡭
־Զ˫צǳ⵲ȥ޴ɣӰ£ɵĲߣֻ˲̨֮ϣźĵˡһ˿Ѫ

һĶƺܷǵһֻ֮󣬺صȴȻ˿
ಡ
־ԶٴƮͳ˾룬ƺһڳҰѸٵʧ˵ľһǵлؼǵã־Զһνֵʱǳ޼Ѱƺˣ̨Ӱ£Ҳʩչ޼Ѱ־Զȴ޼Ѱ
־Զ廹ûг֣ڳıȳֵһֻצȻ˺˿ƳХųĺץ˹ȥ
һץץʵˣȴܹ͸šܹץסʱȻʩչ֮֮ľܹ׽־ԶĹ켣ͬ־Զܹ׽Ĺ켣һ㡣
Ȼǰ̽ȥҽźһʽͻ˦β
顭
һץһȭȻԻһȱͬ糵һɨ˳ȥ
ȴһɨգ־ԶͻȻ࣬˫צųľץ˹ȥ˺ɣֻҪ˫צץס˳ľͻѳԴš
еǳһʽὭ

־Զ˫צצ˳ĵ֮ϣȵ˹βĵˡ
ৡ
־Զͬһֻǣ˫צ˺ų׷˹
Ŀһֳֵס־Զצ˲ͷųĹǱХ֮Ȼ־Զצ˹ȥҪ־Զʽ֮󾿾ﵽʲô̶ȡ

˵һȭһצײһ˽ײĺ
һ֣˾롣ŲصصסΡ־Զε˾ҪȳԶһЩʮ飬̨֮ϡ
Χսߴʱ˷ԭڼ־ԶܹƮʱ򣬾ΪⳡȶѾûȴû뵽ʱǲʤ
ЩҲ֣Ȼ־Զֻǽս˼غϣҲ˫ĸơ
־Զߵų̨·ӣԼαӯ˵Ѿռ˾ԵƣΧսʣǸʱվ̨֮ϣսûСʵ벻ʲôֵܹ־Զ
ǡ
껹ǲѰ·ķʽ־Զȫͬ˵־ԶǶų⣬ľǵӡ

ǽԼںϽ̨֮Уӣγ˸ƣ
˵ķʽ˲֪ȴ֪ʱĳ겢û·硣
顭
̨֮ϵһηֿĿضŶ־Զν֮󣬳귢־ԶֻǷʹʽӦþʽеǰʽҪʶһʽرʽһ
ԷֻӵʽоѾûбҪȥˡ
֣ʽһʹ𣿡
־ԶɫһͣǾѧʽǰʽʽûѧȫͲȥ˵ʽһˡϣһϾ·磬һǵÿûǸ±ʹʽһ
˫̾ҪʶһʽҪʽһǷܹԼǳᲢۡ
顭
θ߸ԾȻӰ̨ȥ
顭
һݵñһλߡ
顭
δ̨Ѿ־ԶǰÿһԾ𣬳ϵƾͱһ
һν̨̤ƶѻ۷֮ʱĵڶž̤۷֮ϣ۷ٴνƵߴԵԾʱϵѾγ˴ƣ־ԶʱƾʽеǰʽܶòܣӴѹƮζӯء
еǳնȥǻ۵۷ɽһʽ־ԶĸоһطתĻ
̧ͷƬ·صĵƣôܣ
ؾ˫צſ˺ȥ·ҪһƬ˺顣

ײľ죬־ԶоԼ˫۹ͷѣε˳ȥӰ죬Ҳɳ̨صˤ˵ϡŴӵվ̨֮ϵĳꡣ
üͷȴǽһ̨֮ͦñֱ־Զ㲻ʽһ
ۡ
־ԶһѪź浹ȥһˤ˵ϣ˹ȥ
̨һƬž˶û뵽ϯϵû뵽ʤ˸ɾ䡣
̰ɫѿѿԭж
һ־ԶûѧʽһȴϣһˡҪʱ䣬ܹʮСһϯ֮
ڶԭȷ˳겻Ϊʳĵرʹˡ־ԶƲȫûд󡣵һҲζԭҪӳõһЩĵر뷨ˡ
¶Ĳϲãһ𾪡ڸղţԾγƾȻһ˿ӰӣȻֻӰӣһֻһ˿ȴ֤ͻƵ弶֮ǰ̫Ĺؿ
ֻгΪ弶֮󣬲п򡣲е弶ϵ߶ܹ򣬾ð˵֪۷弶֮ǰǸʹûгֹһ˿Ӱӡ
ǡ
ڽ죬ڸղţĵӳ꾹Ȼ¶һ˿Ӱӡ
᲻Լˣ
ʼԼ۾
˫Ҳһ˿֮ɫаǾѾȫЧ𣿡


972
ڣ
ʱ̨ΧЩսж쳣û˻뵽ͻƵڡ˱ӣҼӣҲûܹ󵽳꾹ȻܹͻƵ
ʱûΪԹĵرЧҲάô͡ΨһĽ;ǳţš
־ԶѾȻߣ˶ĬĬÿ·ǵĿûȥȻ˵Ŀⶼ̨֮ϵĳϡ
̫ǿˣ
Ȼܹӵʽ־ԶȻ־ԶֻʽҲ̰ľ
̫ˣ
ʱ䣬ʹһ˳ɳΪΪұǿĸ֡
Ҫˣ˫ӿһĨ
³һһĨʧŹϯһȻ̨ԵȥȻɫһס˽ŲиӰԼ¶һ˿档
ң
û뵽һϿ֪߳רԼıżıȶǣΣͲŹᡣܣļȫûͷţԵҵһɲǣȵң
Ծһ˳ųĿȥȻվȺ֮С
ұĶĵһ֣Ψһӡ
ң
̨ϵĳ곯һع֣ɫָࣺ̣
䡭
̨ܵ߷ˣ꾹Ȼҷս
һǰոս뵽Ͽյ˻Ҫ۸һ³ˣǸʱͿʼ˼գ־ԶȻһ˵ӣҼӣʤ־ԶȻʼսң
ãеɫ
ǰ˽ŲվǰЩɢȥһֱ̨ͨͨÿ˵϶ֳ˼ͳ֮ɫ
ҲϿһżֻͻ֮뿪˼׼ӣ뵽Ͽ
죡
߹
Ҿÿ˵ߣÿ˵ж¶֮ɫЩֹ֧ŮҲ⡣
ҳֵһ˲䣬Ͽƺ̳һ飬ų˳ȥ
һ̡
Ҿͬһĳ֮УÿǰһߵƶŨһ֡
ϯϡ
ֳһ˿Ц⡣
ֻһ仰ͰԼǰĵλѹ˳ơοӦ
ǣ겢ûпƣǻص˼ֻÿһϵƱһ֣ʱĳ·Ѿ̨ںΪһ塣·ԭͲһˣ̨ɷָһ֡
һԳΪĵ˳Ŀ΢һִ֮ơ
ˣµ̨Ϊһ塣
ߣ
Խ̤ء
ǡ
ʹرȴ˵С
ɲ̨ȥδ̨˫ѾʼײȵǣײоȻû˿·硣
ҵ۾ֳ˷֮ɫ˫Ŀֱų꣬Ŀгͣһǰ͡
ǳȴǿȻͷ·һƬɽκ˵ͣһƬ׳ҲһƬصļһж޹ء
ߵ̨֮£һ棬αƮ̨֮ϣվ˳Ķ档ν뵽ַ̨Χ֮ڣĺ·Ӱһ㡣
޳ĿⶼһȻû־ԶƮȴ־ԶƮݣҷ·õų֮ھģǵ۽绹
䵽̨֮ϵ˲䣬ϵȻ˱仯Ʈݵӣһ޾ʡ
һһʱڷɵ
ع󣬵ȴ¡һ̣ҵһ˫ͬĿһ㣬Ȼ˶վ̨֮ϣȴͻȻһָо·ʣ
Σ
Ͳȭ߽֣Ҳצ֡βİžо
ֻվûжһ˳
һ
һ⾳ƣܹƾѾΪﵽ۷塣
ҴʱѾ룬ƣȫһ

ξ
ֲӰ죡
ĺأ֮ƽһųۣҵҰУĳ·ԭһƬؿʼ¡¡һɽ壬ɽڲϵֱ

ξ
ǴʱǲɽȴҪѾͱһ


973
ҵĿ΢ԭӳĸоʧˣɽѾƽƽ
ųֳ꣬һ˿֣أغأأҲζűδ֣ʹڱ֮УǻбҪȥ𣿡
ΧЩɽ֣ǹϯϵʮȴͷҲ⡣
Ʊҵһ仰Եˣڲľ޷ͷʼҵ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ֳһ˿ѷ죬ͷе΢⡣һ֡
ԣ
ֻǱıǳһǳд½ҲһǳνĴǳ
ǰ·֮ʱǳ
ǳǶģǾ޾ܵġǳͬҲлܡ

ʧ֮УͬС·һ
ϵٴȻǹеɽȻ飬ǱɽȴûʧһſǳڳΧ
ҵҰУ·һϵվϵ룬ͬһƬϵеĺǡ
ң˫ͷųâˣⲻǴ֮ƣǳ֮ơ
ʮɫһ𡣾һ˲䣬ǶоԼһЩľȻһ˿
һκҽ֣һ˿Խ֮ơֳȻ֮ɫ֪ܹٺͳˣѾѹȲס꣬ٽȥʧȥķҡ
δϵ·ȴ졣ͬһҪڿն
ˡ
ΧԭεĿռȻһ۶ȥȻܵ۳ͣΧѣ󽥽س˵Ұ֮С
սҰ
ֻĹţǿϢҵɢ˳ɢ̨֮⣬Χ̾͸оѪѹƣѪӿһˣϲ԰ֽ
𡭡
׷һŭڴĻĹϢ˳ںϵһҸһֻĹž
û˿֣Ҫȫսܳꡣڳԭûзϣǳ굥ӣһ˵Ҽʮ˸ӳҪ־ԶҲûֻϿ̫ãһ£ɿһȶ
ǵս֮ʼжԳһ˿ӡ۳ʵΣս֤֮ʮּ̡
ֻû̫ѳΪҪͳֻ֣ҪƾƾͿѹꡣ
ȫû뵽ǳƾȻ£ӳꡣҲӼᶨҪܳ
ĿʮС֮ףܻܳ꣬ܿٶȷ
һǳӵĶܹҺܶණһСҪԼһֱͱҪԼһֱǿ
ܳԼһֱǿı֤
ǰɿ۶ɵĻĹžǳ֮˵ھ纣תϽɫ֮Ǳۣ˶˲һȦ¶ͷŽĹ

ھȻһײͬǹ
ڵļ⣬ƺһɲ飬ԭʮְ΢Ȼһ˿·䣬ųۣγһĻ
⡭
˵жֳһֿһֶԹĿ΢ۣм䣬ͬһž޴ǳȵǳܿҰɢ˳ȥ
̨֮µİ޳üëһǵо;ȲѣѾ˽ˣȴҲû뵽ôǿԭڳսҵʱǵжĲѣЩԹꡣսʤ־Զ£ﻹҪԼ鷳һ̣Ǹоȷʵźһ֮һڵѪҺ
һ߼׼еĹ¶Ĳ𾪣Ǵ͡Ĳܹǰ顣뵱ǻһϣȻǸʱѾһǹȴΪȳȴоԼվڳ˵С
תһ²ӣ˰޳ˣЩ˵Ͽһ꣬Ǿ˵Ǵʱ뵽漶޼ɶһŰΪʲô
ѵǶ硭
˵Ҫ£ʱ򣬳˵һ仰ǵ壬ΪĿʮСԼҲĲҪʮСϿ֮ҲȫͶ֮УҪóڰ󿴵ռʮСλõ룬ꡣ
û뵽ԼڳǰһЦҪ˵ˣ޼ǰ桭
Ϊʲô
гΣɥ
ͳ꽻ֵļո˫Ŀ¶޾𾪣뵱̨֮ϻܹͳһ½ƾųƣͻɡ
ұźҼ缫ڣͬһž޹ȭͷǼʸѾ˶Էҡ
ֻһƣ˸оԾԾԵܣ·ֻȭͷһγɶܹ顣
ˡ
̨ڲʱĳͬһӢۣ¶ľηս⡣
칭仢
ܼ򵥵һʽѧǴʱȴöҸоȻ·ǲһ֧һôյ
顭
̵̨һӡŶҳ˹ȥ
£ǡ
һȭȭδҾ͸оԼ·Ǳһ֧һ㡣
ȭ⣡
Χս˶۾ʱҲûжԳų⣬еֻǶԳľ壬һȭǴ򲻳ʱǵҰз·һ֧޴ļʸŻϢҡΧΧɿ۶ɵľ
Щս߷·Ѿ˾ĺУ·𿴵֧޴ļʸ塣
һ̡
ͷ·ԶʱڵӢۣηվڶǰһ˲ȫһȭ⾳֮С
ǳȭ
ղҵѹ֮£Ӵ֮ǳ֮ƣǳȭ򡣱һȭƹļʵİȴǡ
ȭͷ֮һֿռݵĸо΢ɼĿƺһȭȼһǵβ͡
ޱȵ̨ͻȻ·һȭԾԾɵơ
ǳȭ
ϯϵ۾һ
ҵ˫Ŀֳ˼˷֮ɫԳǿһûܡ
ܲҵķ
һ˾˳ʮСʸҲ˳ʮС֮׵ʸ
Ѿ۷壬ҪһսƿԼıϡ
𡭡
Χʮ־޴ɿ۶ɵľȻҵֻ˲дССˣȴӵʵۼ׷ͬһһݺݵٳĳꡣ


974
ֻֻ֣̽ͬ̽צųҸ첲ץ˹ȥ

ҵֻצץ˳ǰСϣǳǿҰͬһӿ·Ȼ飬¶˾׳·Ƭͬһķɵ̨ܼ䣬վǰһæң׷׺һȭһȭʵԵ͵ʿѾˡ
Ǳ
䡭
꿪Ǳ޴һαҵ˫ʮָȻѪ˫ץסСۣǱûк˰벽
ҲܹˣҲĵǰ׽е̰ʽľûУ
ץųС۲ţȻ˫ʮָѪģǳǻֱֵӲرץʮ˫ʮָץ˳ֱ֮С
顭
̫ͬһ㣬֮ȴХϵҲ໥ײϼٵеսֱϾ
е˴ʱȽţǶʱ˭ҪȺˣͳװˣһӭԷϵķҺ˵Ǹƻ᲻ϵ˥䣬һ˻Ƽȵ׷Ĺлһ˿ֲĵز˵˵Ǹ˻ʹ̨֮ϡ
顭
ҵҽ߱˿ųС˳ȥͬһֻǿ
̧ӭŶԷĽ˳ȥͬʱ絶˹ȥһбˮһʽΣ
ַ·޾ĺұ۵ļ¡۸ͬһͷп˿һεİߡ
һгˮľ裬һڲϣ۷Ԫ壬Ҳᱻжϲӡ
ʱƾһĵƶͷŽĹԵǸһַĸо
ҵ˫צɿ˳ֱۣһƬѪһצץ˳Сۣһצǰ̽ų˹ȥ
顭
һצץס˳󣬵Ǿһ绹йգҵһۡ
顭
һһʽצץס˲Լֻ󣬵ҵָ˳ǰأһѪӳǰ˳
˫һ𾪵˵˫žûƶֺ̧Ź֮ڵĵطԭĽӡֺ
ҵԾŲţǲŽ뵽Ͽ𣿾Ȼɿسɳ˵ز
ҵ˫ֻͬ̽յơϵĻĹϢ˲
ϯϵ˫ĿȻһʽ
𡭡
һХҵĺﱬ˳ͬϢһųȥ
ϯϵ۾ҲһҲû뵽һὫʽɹ
˻
˲Ȼһ£һŶϢײȥ
䡭
֮䷢˺ͬһĻ֮Ϊǿ֮ףųѹ˹
ûʲôΥ־ߣǰеֻ·ߣһǳһ
һ˲䣬۾Ҳһ˫۾дܶһ˿˿âһزסԼ£ĵƣǾ
һں˼ͬ˵ͷը죬һʽڰʽ໥ײѹ
˵ڶˣֱź浹ˣÿһµƵĺ
굹
ҵ岽
顭
ҵ˵Ĳʱ򣬳Ѿٴҳ˹ȥֱնͬһ󵶣Ƶ˻Ϣ
ǻҲҪη׵ĺ
ҵ˵岽ȶ֮ƣһѾնæӭսδΧ֮ǰֻҪ˭΢ʧȥһƣͻᱻԷ׷ʹ򣬸οʧȥĻһơ
䡭
ǵ˳ȥͣٴηԾ˳ȥ
ͣ
ҵ˫Ÿոؾͺˡ֣ͣȻĵĵˣʮһͣŲסĿ¶壬һ˿
ˣ
û˿ڵذ˳СŶң΢΢һüͷʽ⾳δ
ҵĿһ֮ŲΪʽ֮ΪʽǾζʽһʽһʽǿ
ֻǻһʽڳ͵ĵڰʽ΢·磬ʽ

ֻҪ˵ڶʽ;ԲĶ֡ʱʣȻǻʽ


975
۾ͬݡҹֵ룡
ĿһŹĵͬ⾳δ㻹к
ͷҵȴһĻȴһ
һû
ԣ¶ź֮ɫҲֻ˻һʽ
ҴԣҲ¶ź֮ɫĬȻҳһµ꣬ҵĻʽڣ֪ĵѧԺˣ
Դǣ
̨֮ϵ¶֮ɫʮҲ¶֮ɫ
ѧô׵
οƵľѧ
һҲûΪ³ĲѣҲʵҵжףܹ뵽Ͽ߻
˵ǽ뵽Ͽǽ뵽Ҳû
ǰ˵ֻϿЩ߶ԡܹ뵽Ͽζд½еٮٮߣҴҲףΣԲѾҪˣҪԡֻϼѵ˲ܹ·ߵøԶ
ǰǲ֪ӵԣųƺΪ񿴵˳괴ܵʶ˳겻һ
ϯ֮ϵ˾͸׳˾
˿֪Ͳеţͨ͸ûʣѾ졣֪꾹Ȼ˾˵ĵӵ˵ԣѧյ㾿ʲô̶ȣ
յ
ʱ˷ܣҵĵӣδҵĵӣ۹
̧ͷǿա
ܹ֮꣬ӭ𣿡
ܾģһֿµļžǵĿǰΪֹҲųӮҡӮǵż
޳Ҳţ·һ㡣֪ǿıǿۿһ㷢ġȴȫû뵽ǿսлᱬǿ
ʵŶĳ꣬кԼ𾪡ǲĻʽΪʽĻʽǵȴǶ
У
һϾͿԲꡣ
οڰʽյ㣬ܹδ⾳ܹڰʽܹھʽʮʽ
ҽ뵽漶֮ҪľԣܹǿƵĳ꣬ѾǱһˡ
ҵһ˿ɥͷһλԼǷܹõʮСһʮСȻʱ䣬ѾܹսʤԼܹĽŲ
ҵ˫ȭսֻҪܹͻƵ漶弶һܹսʤꡣ򡭡ôģǳΪʦԼʦβһͽܵˮƽҲһһ
һɫƽ꣬Һڴһν֡
䣬ҳŹϯϵؾһȻƮȻ̨Լıȥ
ҲŹϯϵһȻ̨ſֱۣ޳˾ͺų˹
Χ˵ĿʮָӣףӴ˿ǾͲòһѿʵ
ұĸӣԺ󶡼ӻΪĶʵǿһӣֱһֵ߸һַ̣ȴò
Ҷˣ׼Ӿܵս
ϯϵʮѾ뿪ˣҲ˸߲ҵŶפصķȥΧĬĬһ·
;У˷ܵ侲սʤֻһ⣬սʱвûбʤİա
սȴһ似⾳ϵͻƣѴ֮ǳ֮ơͬʱҲ˴žԣǳ
ǳ
֮һǳǳɵʲô

ĻȻʡ
ڵǳ֮궯ʶڵľҲȵ궼ص̶ס˽Ųվԭأǳ֮ںϣ뾭
޳˶ס˽Ų˳꣬ǲ׳Ϊʲôͣ
ǡ
һ̣ӳһƣǴûмƣֻгվȴһǺӵĸо·վĲһˣһƬǺӡ
Ǻӣ
жûпǺˣ貵ǳѾΪңԶļ䣬һǼ临ˣ޳˱۾·һƬǺ֮УֶϢͨ͸һ֮ǰ׻ģĶһӱޱȣٵ
ɢȥЩս㶵ųͰ޳ˣǲ׾ʲôǳϢϵӣӹǵ֮ʱ̸оԼһƬǺ֮Сһͣס˽Ų۾֮С
ž
е߶֮УоԼδйͨ͸
е΢Ȼһ˿Ȼ˿˿ǹųƶ뵽֮ڡڵԪӵӿѾѹʶڵľ걾ܵطֳһƾͨҺ
ӰһʮڿУȵ˵ϵĳꡣȻǾͱ۾ڿС
ڵĵڶʮϽɫǵڶʮڶʮڶʮ
ΧǹɢȥǶϢҲʧ۾ĿгϲζϽɫﵽ˶ʮʵ뵽ڡ
ȥʱеҲ۾ڸղŶ̶̵ĲСʱڣÿ˶ŲСǴʱĿⲻٸӣǳ𾴣һֶǿߵ𾴡
ǳζĻᣬ򻹲֪Ҫʱܹ˵زǵõĺôԲֹһ㣬ⲻСʱʱǵõ˺ܶ࣬ԺֻҪջȫһһε
֪˭ųһǺѹѹȺųһϹ֮󣬱ԼıӡղŵĶ˺ܶջ񣬵̨ϺײҲͬкܶ
ҵĻһʽĵܣһֲɵֵ֮ƣֲɵֵ֮£ڰʽҲ˴δйܡԵھʽһģĸо
ҪϽȥھʽ

߸ϣ˻ͱӵŻһеֻ벻㡣
ѾȴԶûдﵽͷһָоԲֹʮʽӦûŵʮһʽʮʽʮʽ


976
ʱѾϥԼڵĵУİļʣĵһʽڰʽػصļʡ
̨֮ϺҶսһǷлطš
ʱ޳ҲϥԼĵУһڼղŵջͬʱ̨֮϶սһĻĻҲͣڻطš
ǣϿһּž֮У˿е߶ԼĵлطųҶսһĻĻ
ʱ䡣
Ͽͣͻƣ⼸Ϊһۡ
ʱ򣬾İ޳ʮ˸ջ޴
ΰѾ˴ɫһڡ
Т죬ƽҦԶ޼ɵѾ˰˴ɫһ۷塣
ϷκӰѾо˴ɫһڡ
޳Ѿʮ˴ɫһ۷塣
һֺǺǵشӱ߳ÿ߳һܵıһ껹ûгأʮ˱һףȥˡ
׸磬˵γغﵽʲô磿
֪޳ҡͷһԶ²͸
ͬ⣡һͷ
С
Ȼվ絶ն¡¡ھʽγɳΡ
žžž
һȻͷȴվڵҵĴſŰơ
ȻֻǳΣѾԿܡ
ʦ
ڰֵ㣬ҪΪһǳͺ˴ǳĻ㻹ҪӴ𣬵ȫ˴ȥǳ
ǣҲ˵ԹӦǡ
ɣ
תȥ˽뵽ų꾶ֱϿȥܿ˾վϿȵıԵ
Ͽȴ߿ͷסȴܹоӵҡ
֮֮ﵽ˴Բֻ֮ǵ۷壬Լȥɣ
䣬ǰһ·ȥԼȥҵط
꽫һҧϿȣһ·׹䣬һߴϿͱڳһÿ涼ϥһߡ顣
ôߣ
ľһʱʶ˵ÿһʵҲÿһ˶Ժɨ
ұǿҪʦ򡣡
һ׷ȥǰӹһ˿΢ЦаҵҪ㾿뵽ʲô̶ȣ
ಡ
ȻӿٶȣҲ漴ӿٶȡͱϵ߿ʼϡ٣ǳȴ֪ܹʵǿ
ˡ
ҵĴųϮʼоĲʣǰԽԽСıӰһٶȡ
ǰаԾʱλѾﵽļ߲ܹﵽȣǳȴڽ
ǾЧ𣿡
ȻͣסΣʱͨ죬ѪӿŴԾ·Ҫ
ܹˣ
ֻһ˲䣬ѾʧӰߵͱϣһ۾˳ꡣ漴Щ΢΢üͷܹоʱ͸¶ϢҲڣôܹļ۷ȣ
Сޣʲôʵһų꿪ڵ
һ΢ƽϢһڵѪӿЩ˵ڡ
ǸߵֳŹ֮ɫ
Ѱ˼һ£Ȼܹ˵ԼѾ죬ǿڵǳ
ǳ߳һµǳ˵ѹҲ̫޴㻹ǻͷɡ
Ŀ¶˾ǿ֮ɫллԡ
Ǹ߱۾ȥꡣĿȵ߾ͺˡѡһԶ˵ĵطȡǳʼڶ˲Сʱʱ䣬ڳһ󶴣Ȼǳ뵽Уϥ
ĴʮͺأʱȻûзУֻǾڵѪҲһӿ
꿪ʼԼѪȻ󽥽ҪԼڵĴʹʱĴںϣֻӿѪѰյ˴Ƶʺͱ仯


977
Ѫƽ
һ֣ҪܵĸţҴеõǾֻгΪصһ֡
ҪɽͱڣϿȣں̸ס
΢Ѱ˼һ£ȡ͸ǸľУľд򿪣ȡһϲݷС
Ѫķӿһ˿½ƣһϲȻԥľеϲȥȡ˳˫΢΢ʹЩϲݾͻ˷ĩһ㽫еϲݷĩ˿С
꿪ʼԼǴأԼǵغˣԼϿȣԼͱڣԼɽ
ѪʼƽƣشӳϸоĴڣʱһվĶһصĸоǾῴǰȴָоĴڣ·ʱûгֻ꣬һɽһͱڡ
ȻԶЩһȵߣЩ߶ڳ˵ʮֺ棬һֻСһﾹȻҵѰ
Щһֱڹעųܹ֪꣬ѪķӿĻҡǵΪֲӡ
ǡ
ӹȥˣһӹȥˣСʱȥˡ
ȻϢڷӿڻңȴš
г˾ݣȻܹоѪӿͻҵĺǾ˵겢û֡
Щ˵в𾪲ѣСһ̫ǿˣҲ̫ǿˣ
һСʱȥˣ
Щ˵Ҫѳ껹ǲҪøԶϽ뿪ʱǵɫһ䡣Ǹ֪Ϣ˥Ȼ󽥽ʧˡ

Щ̾һҲ̾һ֮ǰҲûзйź;ǿ뵽Լ粻ȣˡܹôãǿѾһ漣
񣬲ȥע֮꣬Уղŷֻһ
ʱһȥ
غΧĻںţӺΧɽںϣؿʼͱںϡƺһƾõ£һϿȵ¡
ĸ֪гһ
һ޼ʵĴأı̲࣬ɭɭֶƬϷܣһжô
粻֪˶ãڼΪҲ͡
ĳһ졣
﷢˱仯
ԽԽ䣬ĺʼرһƬѩԭɽ洦ɼ̲ݺ͹ѾʧǿʼǨ㣬
ͻȻϵ¡¡֮𶯣ʼѣһϿɣϿڲϵչγģ
ʱѾϿΪһ壬֪ϿȴһָоԲղŸ֪еһе⾳ϿȻδԭδ֣һƬ̲࣬ľɭɭǸʱ
ҡ
ڸ֪ǸʱԪʮŨһҲʮǿԶԪŨܹģҲԶǿܹġ
ĸод½ͬʱȻ鶯ѾʧͺñһˣѾˣӴ󲻻ˣʼ·
ǳҲ
вһ˵˵д½ʱôѾĩڡ
Ԫݽߣάߵ
̾ϢһʱΪʲô뵽ĩʱǲǼ򵥵ĶϾе⣬ʧȥԪҲʧȥĸ
ͨд½Ԫӿ˵򣬿µЩ߸ͲõͻƣŬҲͻƵǼ
˫ۣһ˫òɣޱȣ·˼͡ʵֹͣ
شںϵ״̬˳Ϣ˳ȥͱɽеЩɫһ㶣Ϊָ֪˳Ϣ
ôܣ
ϢʧºȻֳˡ
ಡ
һӰͱڵɽз˳˲ڳɽǰɽڵĳȥ
ǿ˳꣬Ҳظо˳ɢȻǵж¶𾪺Ͳ⣬ȴûȥţʱĳɱ۾·ɳ֮Сǹһ˿΢Ц
ʱĳѾ·һΣֻⳡ̫ã̫¶ЦݵĲΪⳡΣⳡδЧ
µʱĴڲ֪н뵽˵ֺ۷壬ڵľѾʮϽɫ뵽ڡ
ҲоӰ죬ڵѪҲû˷ӿҲüϸ

곤³һоȻХ۾ɽ߸ߡ
ʲô֣һģųʵȻǺܿȴء
꣡
ܸ𣿡
һµںϣ
ǸûʳʲôҲû˵ںʲôǺȻ˫ױ˴˵˼߸΢΢Լȥһӵʱ䣬̧ųʩһ
лл
ͷȴûİõؽһ߸ߵδӳǰʧ˸Եɽ
ӵվڴ֨һ£·һ㡣
ֻ̧֣建ƶ̫ȭСɽֱ죬ͬһڱȼ
һ̫ȭ֮󣬳չԼĶӣȻʵһ겻Զʲô⣬²ԶʳЩ
ֻȴûгԶ뵽ڣΧͱɽڵһᷢΪ֪Ϣ
վɽڣ·ȥʵѾﵽڣﵽ˵ֺ۷壬ǳڵľѾȫ죬Ҫµںϣƺһ׽Ҳû֮ǰԳܵļ
ǲȥ
΢΢üͷܹ뵽ϿȵײǾ֤ȫϿںϣ˵ڴںϣԺ󲻹뵽жܵų⡣
ԣ
겻ԥΪ֪һԼȫںϣôԼʱ뵽֮УԼٶȽȫ򡣶ԽԽ졣
ಡ
һ˳ȥ·׹䣬Χ߸Ȼ۾𾪵ųѸʧӰ
ಡ
һ䣬һͱڵţֻǵѾûʿܹҲΪɢ굱ѡĵطԶˣһ·䣬ûпһ߶ûп
ˡ


978
ܹоԽԽǿԽԽǿĴȴûж˿˺һȸԾ
ںˣںˣ
ſЦϿϿгųĿЦ֮
ϿЦЩʧ棬һƬ¡¡֮ЩЦ¶˳֮ɫһиֳһͷ
һͻˣ
ֻɫЩͬе૵ЦôеǳСӣ
䣬ҡҡͷôܣ
ֻҴֻеִԲô뵽Ͽһɡ
ϿһµɽڣȻ̧ͷЦȥٵӳȥȻɫһ㶣̶۶𾪡
ôܣôܲѹȵ
ʱѾ·ͬһһ׹䡣صĴǴȴֻˬ
һɽڳ˳ų׷ȥֻ׷˲һӣͣǺصĴԼ֣ھҵ·Ҫ
ϿĿ˸ճϿһۣϿշȥصԼɽ֮С
顭
Ͽȵײ֮·˷ѹչ˫ֳۣܵɫһֻ˲Ͽȣ˴
λϥͬبŴڣʹΪһ塣
ûٽ뵽ʷµֻصУǸ֪ŴؽڵĴĴϡ
δٶȼӿ˺ܶ࣬µʱ䣬Ĵ˵ڰֹ֡ʮ죬˵ھ֡
һº
۾ֳһ˿ﵽھִԲѾˡĴڣﵽھִԲѾﵽ˴ļޡ
ܹ֪ⲻǼޣڴھֵĺһž磬ָоʮǿңȴҲͻƲϡ
겻Ǵȡ¯ӣư裬ʼԼȫطԼ
극֮󣬱һͷڵϽ˳˯Ȼõϵͻƣ;ѾЩƣͣƲҲΪƣͲûеõһͻơ
һ˯ҹȻˬشӵһ̫ȭȫоԼķɣ״̬ﵽ۷塣˫ȴ̣ϯض뵽֮С
һ죬죬졭
ȥһ۾ֳΡûͻơ
г˼ôڵϣһ
һ죬죬죡
ڴӵվʱûֻ˼ʲôطȫͷ
ڵϻشһ̫ȭȻʹ˦˦ͷȥ
ˣȻòͻƣǾȽϿȵײһ飬Ӧǵһ˵ص˰ɣ
꿪ʼϿȵײϿʮֺڰг΢Ҳ䲻۾ѾʧȥãȫǾ
Ȼɫһľпϲݣһ꣬Ҳ꣬һƬ
òϲˣǲζűòϰ
õϣ޳õϣˡ
ĽŲͻȻͣ˷ܵɫҲʧˡѾ֪Ѿ뵽ĩڣĩʱһ룬ͻٻصԭģ
ˣԼʱҪص
صֻһ֮ԪٴʧٴλصĩʱԼһ˿ʵʵ½ջ½ͫ
Ҫд½д½ҵյ㣬Ҫȥ̽ǿգ̽棬ȥЩӵǳ
սȭͷ˫ԡһһҪд½һƬҵȻ󽫵˽ӹֻҪԸжӹ١
ҪʵҪ˵ʵҲҪﵽʮʵܹǨĵˡ֪ڵһʲô۵㡣ҪѰһطһܹɵ˵ĵطû̫⣬δ½ܹа˸һ൱Ҫռһ򡣡
ڳ˵ѣ߱˾ԵﵽԽ
ǡ
̫ңԶܿؽ˽ӹֻ˲ܹúܿ죬ʱԽã˫ĲԽ
ʹ˦˦ͷʱ뷨ŵһߡδϿȳȥ뿪˳ȥߣ


979
ֿʼժϲݣϿȵкܶϲݣûаЩϲݶɹ⡣ժϲݷֳ֣һַԪռ䣬һֽСǣһҩ԰ֲȥȻ֪ܴܲҪԡ
һϲݷǳ࣬ԽǸߣϲԽܼ˳ȥ
ϿȿʼխͻȻɫһľв׽һѷ졣
һӣվѷıԵһֻף׵ѷ죬·ȥס̽ѷ֮ڣ̽ǧף̽СϿȵĵײ
ľһ֮ܵȵĴҪѷ֮Ĵȵ̫࣬ԽѷԽȡ
겻ԥٲһѷȥһǧ׵ľ˲˵֮ϡ
ˡ
ͬ޹һ㣬ײų࣬ڵĴĶס
Ƥ⣬ǣ裬࣬Ѫʶ
ͬһڳڴܶ𶯣
ϯضڵ֮ȥ֪ѷײĴѾﵽ˵ֵĴԲ磬¶˺رں˴֮ƺ󣬴˵Ѿûų⣬ͬˮ֮ϵ
꾲ϥԼ壬۲Լڵϸ΢仯
ֳһƾͨڵҺԴԴ϶óһֱάֶԼĹ۲졣
ѾڽҪ˽ŴıʣҪ˽ڵĴԴںδĿֻǸıƤ⣬ǣ裬࣬Ѫʶ
һָоԼܹŪڵĴԴδոıĿһµͻơ
ͻƿɲǽָľ磬ΪӰ쵽Ժܻܿһţһµ硣
Դ
ָĲĴԴĴԴȻԵغˣҪ֪ӦԴҲ˵ǷһƵغ˵Ĵڡ
ش棬С棡
Ȼ˵ôһǳıԴҲһıԴ
ʵд½ϵĿѧңϵĿѧҲһֱоıԴоĿĩ֮ǰоֻǵĿǰΪֹûһȷĴ𰸡
ûпд½ϵĿѧоɹΪĵλҲĵλˣֻûҲÿڡǣΪϵΨһ죬ȻеĵѧҶ屾Դоϡ
ϵоָĵΪıԴǵ
һֱһصĵطûһ󣬲٣ȴڽӣռ
ҲһֱΪʵ̫أ˲ıԴǣԴӳ˴֮󣬳뷨ıˡ
ΪָտʼʱͲԵࡣ
˵ˣһƽ֮
͸ΪıԴڵҲʶࡣ
ľ࣬ĴѰţһǶǵĸоӿͷ
ָоƻãȴޱʵһǿҵĸоĳ屾ԴֱѰ
屾Դ
겻Щͷʹ·ѾѰ˱֮أȴѰŻ
ࣿ
΢΢ҡͷ̼ᶨطƲ⡣
ԼĸоƭԼֱԴࡣ
֪һµʱȥ뵽ϿѾȥ࣬ʮСȵѾꡣ
һµʱûѰ屾ԴΪѾں˴֮ƣȥȵĴ£Զش壬ľ硣
ˡ
ڴһĴڳһĤﵽ˴ʮ֡һûйľ硣
д½ʷҲû˵ʮ֣ҲΪھ۷ߵļޡ
ǽ죬ȴޣﵽһ˴δйļޡ뵽ʮ֡
뵽ʮֵһ˲䣬͸֪ĵʮֲһ֣ʮ۷ǴĴԲ
зǳף֮û֪ھ֮ϻŵʮ֣Ϊûѷ֮С˵ѷ֮Уǽ뵽ϿȵĵײܣΪûܹܵסĳѹȣֻں˴֮ƵĳŲܵӰ죬뵽ŸӦ˴ĵʮ֣ɡ
ڽ뵽ʮֵһɲǣ;Լġδйͨ͸еı֪øֻѰԴ֮
ʹˣҲѾʮָˣʱֻǸոͻƵĵʮ֣ʮԲŶڱԴһһ˽⡣
뵽εıչصУʱһһյعȥÿһ֮屾Դ˽һ
ʮֳڣ۷壬ڣ۷壬ڣ۷壬Բ
Ĵڴﵽ˴Բľ硢һ֮ںϵøӳףڱԴ֪Ҳ
ǡ
ûи֪ԴλãⲻЩɥ
ûں֮֮ͫ|֮Ĵ̫ǿѹ֮ͫ|֮ʺںϡ
۾˫Ŀ֮лâʵһǰƽƽңͬ
ڰѷռ䶼ҵľâֻس˫Ŀָƽ
ӵվоɬ̫ȭƣ̫ȭУڹؽڴ˱֮ž
ڵһ壬γϿȥ
γ뿪úܰϿû˷ֳ뿪ɵһĳͻȻһ٣˳ȥһżա
˸о˳ľһųɨȥĸǰЩ׷׵ջ˾
ѡ
һӰֻ˲˳󡣴ʱҲ۾˳ꡣ
꣡
ʩݼ
꣡ûкͳֱӿʵΪʲôܹ뵽Ͽ
ʲôһ꣬ǴδϿĴЦ㣿
ͷ֪ԼĵԴ󷽷سϣںںϣ
ںϣ
ֻҪں˴֮ƣͲڶų⣬ѹֻ֮дٽ֮


980
ûʳںϣ֪ԣ⾳ֻ᲻ԴҪڸǣҲ˵
Լȥһҵʱ䣬ͷ꣬лл
Ȼ󲻴꿪ڣѾʧ
ľ˳ȥγһ磬ͳ棬ʵʲô򣿡
ͷҲѹʦеʮ֣ǲĴԲ
۾һѾʮִԲˣ
ͷʦĴʲô磿
һĴǵڰֺڡ
ǴӴԪռȡһϲݵݸ۾Ū˶ϲݣ
Ͽȵײкֻܶ࣬ǲժһЩʦһ뷨֪ǷС
˵
뵽֮Ƶں֮У֮֮һںϵϢӳȻ࣬Ӧöʦں֮һںϴ֮ں֮ٶȻʮֿ١
ϵ˵
Աƶӣóһطٲȥ¡
ʦǿʼ
۾뵽֮Ƶں֮Уں⾳ӳ˳Ե
۾ȫſ׽һ˿˿ں֮ؽ뵽֮С
졣
۾¶Цݣ꣬Ѿһ˿ȥɡ
ǣʦ
뿪ʦɽϿϿշȥϿϷĵ棬ʱϿȵıԵźܶӿ֮˴Ͽڷɳĳ꣬һ¶Ľ֮ɫ
ܹ뵽Ͽ˰
Ѹٵ뿪˴Լı޳˻˹һĵãȻ͸ûһЩϲݡ
ȥ֮󣬳˼˼Щʲô
һֱԼӦûһķʽӦоһ似档
Ϣһ֮𣬽ϿĲûȥЩרȥۿЩ似
ûмȥЩ似һۿ

໥ԿγһֻҪʵ֮Ҫ似֡
ѧ෱࣬ȴѲ
Ļγ˸ͻҲдСֻ۲ܹ
ԳҪȻѧѧ˲ܹ֮
˶ѧŷ࣬ķ࣬лŸСࡣ
Ǵѧпһһꡣ
Ͽ鼮࣬Ϊ˷Ͽؼ֮࣬ؼٵľϿϾԽǸƷؼԽ١
µʱ䣬Ͽڵ似һ飬ܹʮ
ʮѧؼд½ϵ似УÿһؼҪǰ濴似ںϣʮ似֮󣬱ںʮ似ʮ似ȭвȷиñ似һȻںϵûףȴѾ˳Ρ
ڲͱ޳ҲȫͶ뵽֮Уż棬ÿ˶ԼУֻǼ򵥵ϼ䣬Է롣
ǳͰ޳ˣϿе߷·ϴȥ˸֮꣬Сǿ˳ҵıȶ֪ԼͳҵĲ࣬һ˵رǳ꣬һոս뵽Ͽûм˾ǿʵǵѪ
ϿߺͳĹϵѾȻı䣬ûΪһܹսʤҵ˻
ԲܵĽֵϣڲ꣬ҶòشкȻҲ΢ЦӦ
ʱĹȥУϿ߷ֳ˱仯һʵı仯
ԭʼΪ뺷ȴͬһʱ
ʵĸıпȻǶ֪ǳѧԭ򣬳ľ粢ûʵȴű仯˵ǰұĶӵ߻Ҫͳһսܹ֪ǿֻҪڳǰһվƺ͸оԼС
ֻǱ뺷ĳʱ˺ܲϰߡ
ǡ
ǳԾǳַ˱仯꿪ʼۿԵ似ÿһ似պͱ뺷ͬǸ似
ȭвȷиñ似


981
µʱ䣬꽫ʮһ似һںϵĳΣʱĳַ꣬˱仯ƺһƬ¶ĹһϢַ·Ϊìܣ·һرֳ룬һᣬһա
ǳǷֱں似似һǳΣûںϣ͸˵ںϡ
ĳ껹̸ںϣֻͬʱڳڣǳֱںϵĹ
ǳ
ԭ棡
ʱôȥջǾ޴ģֻջ񲢲Ǿϵľɵڣʵȴ췭ظı仯ٺ͵˵׵ػܶԷҲ񵱳
ھûǰ޳ʮȴŷٵ־ԶһսӮһǧĻ֣ЩֶЩֶ˸Ʒʵҩָ˰޳ˣΰҲõһݡ
ŸƷҩİÿڵڽĿƼҪµĲ֮Ѿþѡٳʮ˵Ϊͻͽ
Ͽ
վ׼뿪󣬻صнúûһ¡
ûн뵽ңڱݶϣ˫ַԺֻ΢âĺɫա
һӰԣݼ֮ϣųꡣ
귭ֳһ⣺ʦ˴Բ
ͷ¶βסϲãĸǰҾͽ˴ԲȻ뿪Ͽȱչ£Ѿ߼ھ磬Ҷ似⣬ǰԲҵĶ֣ڲʮһˡ
˵ȳ˸̾ųϵ˵лл
ʦ
ذ˰ֵ˵⡣ҪԺ򡣡
Ժ򣿡
˵д½ʷе߶弶ſʼȻЩŻ弶֮ǰһ˿򣬵Ҳֻһ˿򡣵ǣһʻΪһ⣬Ͼ㲻ʺõ⣬Ѿ˾졣ܻܿ弶֮ǰھҪȷԺķҲ򡣡
ķ򣿡
Ҳзģÿ˵򶼲ͬĲͬһʵĲͬҵǱ˪Ƿ籩ȷķǳҪһ󣬴γɣȴֲʺԼôչͻܵƣǸʱ򣬺ھѾˡ
˳˼Ѱ˼ԼҲֻų겻˴ԼСʱ̧ͷʦʲô飿
֮ǰѾ˿ҹź򣬶ʵ㶼ǿһһĴ֮ơҲ˵淢չڽγ򣬻ڽγɴ򡣡
򣿴򣿡˼
꣬ҹʵ֮Ӧó֮ƣ֮δ֮ƣδǿžԣ֮˵Ӧǳ֮ƣ˵Ķ̫ˣԶԶسķչԶԶس˵δķչʮ֣ǳ֮ƾһٷ֣һǧ֣ࡣ꣬ҪڶʱǿԼʵѡķĿôȰ㻹ѡǳ֮ơ
˳˼˵ʮеǳ֮ƺ֮ƶйоͬ
Ǳ˪û֮ƣȻԴ֮Ҳй򣬵ǽƾЩ򣬾ܹ۳֮ƺ֮֮ӣⲻò˵ľ粻ͬ˼ҲͲͬ
ֻٸߣҲûжԳԴ֮ƺ֮ƵȣϾһֱ档
һָоѴ֮ǳ֮ƣǳ֮ӦþͰ֮ơ֮ǳ֮еһ֡ǳ֮Ʋڷ֮ơ
ֻǳ֮ƻ˺֮ܶ࣬ƱȽϵһǳ֮ưҪӺ֮࣬ƣʵúܿ졣ǳ֮ƣҲںܳʱڴͻ۵Ľ׶Σںܳһʱڵòͻơ
֮ƺǳ֮ԣ֮ƵǻڶʱڱúǿҲúһǿ˾ܹں̵ܶʱڻӵбɵǨ㡣
ǳ֮ƵδޣҲǳΪһߵøԶ
¶˼ᶨ֮ɫҪΪǿߣΪǿߡȻ;ޱȣǳȴᶨޱȡ
ʦѡǳ֮ƣ
οصͷáѡ֮Ƶķ򣬻ǳ֮ƵķʦҶٸʲôָ㡣֮ʦͲǳ֮ƷȻʦһЩǻ㡣γķÿ߶ͬԣκһ˶ܹģн뵽弶е߶ܹ򣬵κʦͬ߳ʦкܶ࣬Ϊʲôʦƾ弶ʵΪΪʦ򡣹ʦֻһ仰㣬Ҫȥ򡣡
򣿡
й֮ҲŸԵĹ򡣡
صͷ֪ʦ˵ûдֹֻܹᣬܹԴĳļݼ֮ϳʧټ
ֽ˫Ժݶ֮ϣա΢⣬ɫһ
⣡
ǿգ
ǳ֮Ƶط
óȥˣ
۾뵽ѾˣӦû⣬Ϫǡ򡭡зӥǡ
ӴԪռȡֻһüͷһšϪ˵Ժͷӥԡ
һſ
꣬Ϫд½ĳҷ򡣡
꣬ˣд½ڷص;С

꣬ǷӥֳҵĽŵ
꣬ǷӥǺͳҽӽ֣ʧܴĿǰѾ롣βҽӡ
꣬ϪǣǶźǿĽ䱸ģûкǻϡ
꣬Ϫӥ𣿡
꣬Ѿռ졣Ϊ˳ҵūת¿ʮΣ

ң
м֣δݼ֮Ϸ𣬴Ͽ뿪߳ŵķȥ


982
г˽ǰ򣬾ʵҲҪһµʱ䡣ղſһѶϢѾһǰʱ˲֪ںˮ֮С
ʮ֮
˵д½еĵһС
׼˽һд½ľƣǲֻгҽ뵽Ϊʲô뵽
ֻǳң鷳СһЩд½ԵжǾͲǳֵܹģʵ
ոս뵽С򣬳ĿһСڱ仯쳣󣬴ϳǿߡɢǿϢ
Ľѵд½Եжȡ˵绰ͨµĵ绰
µĵ绰ȴû˽ӡ˵绰üͷ²ӵ绰ֿܣһֵд½ĲԣºԼһ±չˡ
Ѱ˼һ±չصĿԱȽϴһЩСϵʲôˣѵд½ϵ߼ֵǶҪȥո֣
ĿĹˣһҾƹݱ˽ȥˣҪһһߺȾһŶΧۡ
ˣ֮ȫֵΪд½Щ첻ȥˡԴӳ꽫Ұ˴Ļضٵǵػٵ֮д½Գʹˮд½ѾʧȥĻֵľ
ӿСڵ߶д½ϵĵᣬ֮ԾۼҪǰѻҡ
ȻЩ˵ĿҲôǶԵŸ飬Ͼǵأܹؿǵ汲ıһη˵ϡ
ҲҪƿص򣬶Գҵжһ㡣
ʱСѾۼһߣӱͫϵȣܹа˸ʱ˸ͷĿۼСķ־ƵУǾۼһҪȴĵᣬڶǰ˸ͷĿҪɹʶѡһҪֿд½ߡ
Ϊʱд½ϵ˵˵ڴ˾ۼд½ҲӿҪЩΧߣΪЩкܶ඼ǿֲӣԵд½滷͵λҪҲֻгΪֲӣЩֲӵÿһͷͣд½ϵߡ
ôһƣӿӱϣ΢΢üͷ˼ţҪҪȥǰ˸졣
ǵǣЩᱻд½ϵЩ߻ɱȻЩд½߻᲻漴Ҳӿ
µԵľͲֻгˣд½ĸպܻܿд½ĵжԣ
ⲻǳҪõĽ
ЩսǰΧǵд½߻ɱǳ͸бҪǼһ档Щӿ֮ʧȥԼڵĻδؾͱȳҲ϶٣Ҳ֮
վʯ֮󣬳ŷ־¥ȥڹ̨ϴһ°˸ͷĿڵķ䣬˾¥918䡣
ֱƿ˷䣬һͣ˸˻Ȼſڣϴһ˿ջ˭˴󵨣ûеõͬ͸ֱӴ
һŴԲ˸Χϱǽ壬ʱ˸˵Ŀһֹͬ㣬Ǿɭ䡣
˸˵ĿһѪĸоǶߣ㣬ָо˼⡣
귴ֽŹϣȻʩʩȻ˳һǰ£Ŀ⵭ɨˡ
˸û˵ΪʱҲо˳Ĳͬǰĳ꣬ʵϢҲ¶˸˲оǿ
ǣΪոԺԵ似¶ΪǿҵƣϵƼΪŹ֣һʮìܣһͬһƬ硣Ϣ¶ֻǿΣա
һʩʩȻ˽ǵм䣬Ȼ˶࣬Ҳ
óţ·𶼱˷ѹȶһϢĸо˸ͷĿдʱһͬ뷨Ǿǳд½ǿߣҪǰ˸նɱҿԷʩʩȻģƺžԵİա
˸˵Ŀڿнһһ˿⣬ۣɫų꣬ɬ
λѹٴ˵أ⣿
˫Ŀ˲ǹڣޱȣͬһڶһؽԷ񶼽뵽۾ǸһҺͳӣһ˿־塣


983
Աߵ߸˿ǸߵľٶоһȻΪûкͳֱӶӣǿǸߴб㶼һ˿־塣
Ǹ߽ߣԺޱȡһ˾ȻܳͻȻ˾Ǻʵ
ǵˣ
ţ
˸ȸֳͷľǲš
ǵо֮أ汲ļؾһԪԶд½ʿͲܹͻƵǼĵطĵطѵǿߣ
ǿ߻ᱻҸƿأᱻҸūۣ
ǡ
ôĿʲô
ѵʵʵǿû¶ôǿֻӵĳط¶һԴոǣ
ʲô֤Ϊ˲²⣬ǿһЩ
ʼĿǰûУʱڵҳһˣǶʶҡǵ䣬Ψһ䡣
˸Ŀһлû˿š˸˼һ˲б˾
ǵľǳ򵥣ҪԳʵǲóı͸ס˸ͻȻ𣬴˷˳ꡣÿһֻǹһУһȴǱĹһС
顭
ʱϵڳѾúˣǵʽͣľǰ
ϵδֱ۷·ͻȻ˰ֻÿһֻȭͷȺ˶Է˸˺˳ȥ
˸ڿзȻ˵ϣź˼ÿ˵¶𾪺ã
𾪵ǳܹһнǻˣãûпʵ˵ܹǰ˸нǻˣʵӦԶԶسǣһȭǵϣ˵ǴҲӦ˲ǣҲӦܵˣֻ˼
ֻĽͣһǳʵһǳ顣ܹ׵ؽǻˣȻʵ顣
׽ǻˣܹ飬ҪǸ߳پ磿Ҫ֪˸Ҳϵߡ
ѵǡ˵е漶
˸˶쳣Ҹкƴӡ漶Ǻỻɱ⡣
˸໥ٴζһۣȻǸ˳ų깰ֵôƺ
΢ԥһ£վԼݡԼѾЩǰҪ֪Լֲûʲôѡӿӱϣһ޺ģɣ
˸˶һۣж¶һ˿ɬʱԷȫѹǣڳһ̸ģ΢ģСĽ䱸߻£һĿ˳꣬ȴųĻش
ҽгꡣ
ꣿ
˸жһʺšʧ˺ܾˣʱǶõյӵĴ֮Уݶõһ
ǣʱȥ˺ܾˣԺͺٳڹڵУЩ£һأǰģһʱ֮侹ȻЩû֡
ҶڵʱǸΣЩϵҲ̫ȥע
ǵˣ

ˡ·ûô߰ɣ
¶һ˿΢Цҵ뵽д½ʱʵǳأҲǸոս뵽Ǽģ
˵˸𾪣ʵǽ뵽д½֮ģ
Ȼֳһ˿Ԫ̫ˣܸߵʵҪͨǼͻƲˡ
ǡǡͨŶꡭôܡ
ֻԪϡ٣ȴȱšҾеһɡ국˵ûһʱҪҪȫѹ˸ˡ
㡭ʲôʵ

Ȼ漶˸˵һĿЩ£˵ʵѾа˳ųԵһûбҪѡ
ǡ
ôô˼һˣڶ̶̵ʮҵʱͻƵ漶Ҳ̫ˡ
ǻɻɣһͷСʵ꣬ȻԵΪʲôڵѵ㲻֪Ѿռ𣿣
ֳ֮ɫҾΪʱͨصֻͻȻ˶ߣŽ
˵ɫѾ˽⵽ǰ˸ۼԭеһҪѡһҸǣҪôλñңǱܵҵԼ򡭡
ɫһֻ·ߣһ̷أҪ򡣵ǵԼڶ·һɱǣҲûܵԼ뵽򡣡
ҲǵˣһЩ߷ߵ˵
ֻܹᣬĵ˶㲻ϡ국˵ǣԸͥҳҲԱӻǣǱܵҵԼ
˸Ŀ⽻һ꣬Ҫ˽һ顣
˵
㽫׼ص򣬻д½
ʲô𣿡ȤŰ˸ˡ
ߵĿһ£ȴָܿƽ㽫ֻҪڵô뿪벽㽫д½ôԸΪ
ЦˣֻЦ¶һ˿ɴ˿ǵҲȫǺİɣҲ֪Ԫ޷д½ȣǲڵȥˣάĿںŶǳǽ뵽ĻδػȳСҴӵϸߣҲֻȡ˳ڵλã˻ᴦǵū֮£԰ɣ
˸ɫһ죬Ƕûзˡǰ˸Ҫϣڳǵѹ֮£ǾȻֻܹʵʵ˵
Ǿõ˼ȻһūۣЩū۵ĺáǸ˵Ĵ̫
ǿ뿪ˣ鲻Ҫٲ֡ҷٴβֵ飬һɱ⡣
⡭ûи
Ŀɨǰ˸ˣ΢˼һ£շŻһѵǨ㵽д½ͬд½һ
˸˵ɫһȫû뵽˴ֱʡͬʱҲһ˵Ҫд½ˣ
ôʣһˣ꾿ǲǵˡСʵǵˣ
΢΢һüͷѾ˵ֻҪǵ˾Ͷ֪ҡ˵ˣֵƭ𣿡
˵úܲЩ˻ͳ϶¶Цݣһվų깰ʩݼ


984
ڰֵȱæһԺзڣᱻΪͽҵͽֻһǾ
˸˵ɫһס֪ܹ˵Ҳ֪ǵЩѱڽ϶˻ΥĹأɱ
ǡ
Ͱǰ
д½ϵӲù˴Ǩ㣬д½Ļ漶ʵܹһϯ֮أԼЩҲһ֮أҪڹŶص˭ԸֲӰ
ЩᲢ֪˵Ĵڣ֪Ŵ漶ʵ˲ʲôֻܹһ̳֪һУδˡ
˸ٴνһȻٴιݼ
վɫҲ
л
˸Գҽһ˸жвСҶһЩ֮ͽóû뵽ǸҲһܻأڻĶһЩԼµļˡ
ƾ˳Ϊ֮໥Ǣࡣ˾ֻʣһ⡣ЩǰΧЩд½ߡ
֮΢һµһ仰Ҫ˵ǰͷ
ĿϣߴʱϵȻȴһָӵĸоصͷ˵
ųĿֿϰߵ͸֮ɫ
꣬ȻΪΪȷԵ֮ǰһоҪǰ˸ͬ⣬ǰ˸˲ִǵһ㣬ԭ¡
ĬȻϵɫûа仯һ˾ء˸໥һĿ¶һ˿ɫԥһ½͵ôҲԭġϾǵᣬǲܵˡԲһ
һһųЦݵҺܸô롣ˣоһӦд½ǰΧǵߡ뾡ҲܹóڵŰ̫á
˸д󶨣겢ûҪģڰǵǰΧǵд½ߡǶڳѾ½͵㡣
УǸǰȷǵˡҳ껹Űѵ˴Ǩ㵽д½ôЩĶԳûʲôģ׷ꡣ
ΪһǿҲд½֮ǿģҪд½վȽŸǨĵˣͱŽһܹŽЩǳͺõѡ񡣶ЩҲҪǿҪǿ߽ɢҵĵҪǿǶԿд½ǿߡ
ǲ˫Ҫͬż̵Ľ˻˸˴ʱҲҲڳĴ£ܹд½ռһڶزأд½ߡǵ汲ؿ顣
˸˿ʼд½ߣߵҲŸ֮ص
ǵĽŵķ֮вûĴźʣµߴ塣һЩСźС壬ͬһЩðźͽˣһЩָߡ
ңǳ࣬˵Ѿۼ˽ˣԼʱͻᵽС
ʵǿʮϵż۷壬ʮŽǰΧ˴ʱۼСϵߡ
ЩȻңһͬǶǳӵˣӵΪΪūΪд½档ǽд½ĿֲӣСۼѵõĻܹŹ
һֱĬţ˼Щӵߡǰ˸ͷҲһľᣬǴʱҲûо
ôģ̧ͷʵ
ǵʱľǺЩд½һսܹùã򲻹Ǿ˽ͨĴ֣ڴкζ
Ǵùأ
߿ɬһЦԭ뷨ܹùǣǾͰǶɱˣǷسǣȴ¡
˫һû˵¶öԷߵɫҲصȻн˴Ǩ뷨֮ȫɱЩˡ˵ʵǵҲܹд½ǰȻ汲ڿȴûᣬҲͺ˼ɡĳ֣ǳ˻ᡣһڽϾҪд½д½ϵֵ̫ͲˡǿǺд½࿹ͲˣϾǵʵһˣԶԶ


985
ͷ˵ĲҽҸ㣬д½һˣкܶ࣬ʮÿһ˵ʵǿ
˸˲Ǵû˵顣ȷʵЩܲˡ죬Щʵôô죿
Ŀ⽥رüᶨܹɱپɱ٣ýȫɱ
˸ɫִˣû뵽ôݣ˵ɱ˾ͬˮһ㡣һ뵽ҪɱˣҲЩӦ
𣿡
ûʲôʵģᶨһֵƽԶǴģġ
˸жһԼ汲飬ûд½ǵõȴǸūۡʱǵжȵһ
ƽǴģ
ǣҲʺҵıĿ֡д½ϵ֪ҳԵ򣬻ܴ鷳ǻǲǵŷḻĿأųһˡʵȴǵǳҽһҪˣϾŻҵʵɿֻҴﵽʵǲ߱д½Ҫƽĵ
ǡ
ڰֵһߣȻ˵ǵᡣҵֻǰ˸֪Ǹй¶˳ȥ֪
˸˶صͷģûо֮ǰһܡ
Щ˲ҪǶǼᶨسǵˣǷŹǣҲǼᶨطǵߡһһ
ô죿
ûʲôôģֱӭȥؽǻ
仰һ䣬ߵȰ˸ڵѪҺͷǴûо˵ĴսһٶˡһֽѪ˷ܵĶӿ
ڶ졣
һɫߣ˴һҵߣƺ߳Сǰȥ
һ֮һƬƽԭڿƣȴд½ߵ
ÿһʱ֪ǵûֻ֪֪ǵᡣ
ЩȻųǵߵȰ˸Ĳûгϳꡣ
ЩΪĶӻÿնԵֻǿߡ굽ĿǰΪֹһ仰û˵Ҫ˵ʾʵһĿڳĺ󱳣˻ɺͲ
굱ȻܹظоЩ˵ĲͻɣЩҲŽģЩ˶ѱ͵һҲδغùԳǱž롣ʱɱҲ᲻
Щѱ˱һѵأӵ͵ܹһ𲢲һ׵顣ʼʱֻܹƾűֶΣ۵ỹǵˣֻҪΥ˽ƶĹ򣬾ͱѹ
ǰƮһƬƣաǽ߷ѹֻ˲䣬ЩĿⶼӳıӰƿ˿С

ߴӿнھ׿˵ϡ국ضߵ˵ţ
䣬һ˾ٲŶȥߵȰ˸ܵų꣬ڴչǻô󻹴ûмһ漶֣߳һſľҵ
Ϊվʮˣʮϵż۷ߡĿųһ˹ֳһ˿ǵĿˣԭΪֻߵյصм䣬Ȼȴƾһ˹ȥ̸û뵽ߵм֮û˿ͣ٣ɲ
Ҫʲôһߵ˵ǰ
д½ô룬ǵʱҲ𾪵Ŵ֪ͣʵ߰˸Ҳ⡣
һ˶Խˣ
ھʮϵż۷ҵλͣĿ⵭شɨʮˡ
ͬʱĽҲھشųꡣȻߣȴܹоᡣ
˾ʵǿܹǿȥƾʲôһߵǵǰһǵľٶǶǵ衣
ƾʲô
벻ͨһʱ֮һƬžĿƽ·ԵĲˣˡ
ʮЩ˵죿
öʮߴѣһ졣ô˵ԼҲϵż۷ߣȻһСһٶסˣһ˫Ŀ֮¶˷ŭɱ
Ŀɨʮоһ˲ʮڱɱͷЩ˺ǿؼɢɱǵв֪ɱ
һԼеɱͬһؽųǾ죬ݣ߸ժ
¶˵صЦѾܾûжˣ֪ʮǷܹһҪ󣿡
ʮɫһʮֲÿǱġ
ʲô˼
ܾûжˣߴʤˣһˣ
δʮüڣ˵ʮһϣսһΣҵݺߣֻҪʤңҶǣҵУǾûʸ֪
Ȼ󣬵ȴش͵ڳҵ߶Сʱд½߾óŵûߣЩҲó̫ˡһվĵʵ죬ʲô
ûлͷϳЦ⡣ԭԳ껹һ˿ɣûˡȻֱսд½ߣǾ֤ĿǵˡûеΪЩᣬΪ˵ͶԷϡųߴıӰСӣúÿŰɣǵĳĻԻ͡
ʱʮ߲ŴзӦȻǿɵһؿųꡣԳ;ʵǿҲϵż۷壬ѵ֪ǰʮҲϵż۷
һϵż۷ʮϵż۷壬Ҫɱ
̬ⷬʮܲˡд½ˣ᲻ūʲôʱֵЩūǵǰˣ
ʱ򣬳굹˼Ȼʮֵһϰɣ
һϰ־شһݺݵغǵϡʱһѪĳ嶯ŵģûмŵġ
һϣ
ԲܣǶǵ裬ǵŽд½ȥΧһԺˣ
ˣкԵ¶м


986
һɫŵ߱һ顱һͬһڵһų˹һֻȭͷͬһųԴ˹ȥ
ʮһ˶ЦˣǸɫʹʽǶһؿųꡣǶʮ˽ǸɫţһʽȭΪһУͬĶҲѵֵһС
顭
αȶԷٶȻ죬óɫŵֻ˲䶼ǰδȭͷ£һƾͲ˶Էš
ۡ
˵ͬʱͣסˣһֻƴɫŵĺ󱳴˳ͷŽĹͬһе֣лһڲࡣ
顭
ָֻһǿͱ˿Ȼֻƾ˻ȥɫŵγˤڵϣһ󶴣ӿѪ
ռɢŵѪζڼžƮɢŶʮһ죬˵ǲһֵʸ񣿻ǡǸˣ
ʮһĿһʱ֪ǰ˼ʹʵһϵż۷壬һ似ԲκһܹԸġ

Ҫƾһ˵ֵʮһҲǿȻǾͳȫ㣬ЩҲûʲôÿġ
顭
ʮһӶֻ˲㽫Χм䣬صų꣬ȴûκһ˸׳֡
꾲վԭأѾһǾҪһ֮ڽʮһ˻УʵĵȫҪסд½ߣҲͬסĵᡣǵһſ־ӡ
顭
һ죬µĴһƬѣͬ֩һ㣬ſмȥʮһһֻͷϿռĳꡣųⲻܣһɱСһ񾭣ĿſеĳΡ
ڿһתͷ½ϣŵϵʮһ׹ϵʮһ¶һ˿֮ɫǻжϲ꾿еһ֡
ұ۶ˣʹǳȭĵڶʽ
Ⱥ˸
һȺʽֻ˲ʮһ˾ͷ·о׹һƬǳͬһƬ꣬һܽÿ˶档
顭
ԥʮһ˾ͽԼǿʽʹ˳ڵԪѾе˼¡ǲûڳʹȺ˸һ˲Ǿ֪ܲˣһƬѾ֡
ܣΨ
ӭһ
䡭
һ֮Уڿһת˵֮ϡΧʮһߵ˳ȥͿʼ飬ڵϣѪȾ˴ء
ɱ
ߺһ
顭
ͬһڵһ˳ȥͬʱһʽȺ˸˳ȥ
䡭
屬飬޴ĳЩԶ߶סˡ
ɱ
ߵȰ˸켤ظߺǵʲôʱôʱǶԳѾأ˵һˣ겻ǵˣֻҪܹ棬Ҳɵֳ֧ꡣ
ɱ
һҵĵʱѪڣоű߰˸ıŶ߳ɱ˹ȥ
ʮ˲öѾɥ֪˭ȿʼź󷽵Ŀܣ˴Ҳûһд½߸Ӧսսһ浹׷ɱ
ⳡ׷ɱᳩ죬ֱϵ΢ʧռȫڰһſʼССһƬֵĺС֮ڵĿڳž㣬ÿһ߶ںÿһ֮ǰٱ


һ¥İڣߵȰ˸Χ߰˸˾㶼ų꾴ơҲǾƵɣƹѲ֮󣬳˾ƱߵȰ˸Ҳ˾Ʊרע˳ꡣ
Ŀһɨ˸ˣ˵λٴһ顣Ը͵˺һһһ𣿡
˸˺ԥصͷԸ⡣
Ҫ֪ˣһԥؽɱϵ˵ڷڻüֻҪӦ뿪С򣬲ٽҾȫʲôҲûз
˵һֱд½ϵ裬֪ζǲζǿڵ˵ϡǡ


987
ͷĵ˻þͬǺд½ߵĲǸ󡣿ǵˣҲĽ
ᣡ֣ص˵ǻԼᣬķ˹򣬲㶯֣Զ֡
˼һµҲãŵķɣŵ˵ǾͰյķɿɡڵķвʺ֮ʱ顣
ǣ
ģȥҵҪǵ½һ飬Ը뿪ľ뿪ҪȥߣǼǰ˸ںٶǰµȽ򡣡
ã
ڶ졣
СϿգС򶼷˻һҵᷢĻֱ



ڿУĿ·ɨȥСϵ߱Ŀɨ̰һͷݵſеĳꡣ磬ߵȰ˸Ѿ̸ˣҪд½Ӯһؾס֮أ汲ĵһֱ롣ںĵһʲô
Щ˵ҲԵͬʱǵĵλһд½Ϊū
λӿд֪ڿʲôǵ汲ڿʲôҪǹͬȥŬд½߲Ǹ߹󣬶ʵǵҲǵˡֻǵһȻͨ磬Ǩ㵽д½ǵڶĵǵĴǲ͵һҵĳͻҪֻһƽ滷ǵȨû˿԰ᡣǲҲūӦӵǵɣ
ɣ
ɣ

Сһҵ߷ŭˮ꾲ڿУ˸ųıӰ˳羴ʱЩȲҪǰ򣬿ĵ򾿾һʲôȻܹһˡ
С߻ٴοڵǶܵһѹǲҪѹĴˣ֪鷢жһɱˣ
ϵɱӿȶС߼žһƬ˸˵ʱǵлЩΪȻоɢɱ⣬֪ԲڿЦһоʼԴ顣
˵ˡ
ǶҲû̫ĵִģֻĵЩԽаˡ
𣿡ڿը졣
ף¡¡쳹
ߣ
ϵ۷ŵķȥʣµϵż۷һҵҲʼ̡
ֻǷ˲Сʱϵż۷ߵٶȾЩΣǵٶȺֺ̫࣬˷ֿŵȥ
̫ˣ
ų˲ʧıӰߵǵͷųĹâʵԽǿЩδԽá˷ĴЦŵķ򼲷ɶȥ

ũܡ
γũܵϿգܿһˣֻһȺȺĴε˷µָǰĿɨȥ˵ѾưܲѾˣӦǱĳȫݻ١
ָĵĴѾ飬ɢڵϣٲ˽ȥտָ˳ĽŲ
뵽ָڣѾȫݻ٣ѰһȦܹҵõ뿪ָģԾϵݶݼ֮ϣѰ˼Žж
ҪϵϪͷӥˣȡֻȴȫϵǡ׳ֻܣһˣһǶڵ£ղѶš
Ǿʹɱˣ
δݼ֮ſзȥžǷȥЩǣ֪ĸô
δǣھǵʱһЩд½Ƥ޳һ˵Ķųȥ
ľƤ޳ϣŭûˣһȫľͿն񣬼ʹǱ߷ڵأҲǻеǰߡǴʱѾһˣûĿܡ
üͷ˵״̬ʧȥϣľҵʼΪԼĸĸ޶
˭
ͻȻһҵ̧ͷڿеĳָ꣬ųһ߶̧ͷ˳꣬ǵȴûһľǰš
ಡ
ŵ
顭
һߵǰһֻѾԴϣȻʵǳ˶ˣ
˭ſңôĵӡǸŭȡ
顭
ĴһգǸߵԴͱˣԽĽ΢ѾվһߵĸǰǸץ˹ȥ
ǸҪǳٶ̫ˣиոոֳ䱸ͷĴѾץסԴ
ڵܹжˣ
㡭˭Ǹ߲ʵ
顭
һգǸߵԴʱΧЩҲӦ˹һȡ˱ųɱ˹
ɱ
꾲վŷɿƽĳߣһѾ嵽ĸǰеĴ󵶾Ѿߡ
Ȼ䣬ǰʧˣһֻץסĲӣȻΧľһ㱣㷢ԼԶԼͬ飬˳˶ˣ
㡭˭
顭
ԴĿȻ˶档Щ߶ס˽Ųʶǵ¶˿־塣һͷģĳ߳ų깰ֵд½һң
˶ˣĿ
ǸߵоһݣʱѾֻ֪ҪԼһ仰شԷ⣬ԷͻԼԴȻźǼʵǸоԼȫǶԷĶֲ֡ܣʵʵػشǳʣµ˼˵򣬴ԼˡѣҲд½ߣһк
΢΢һüͷ˵д½Ѿûгˣ
ǣǸߵͷ
Ѿռ˵򣿡
ǣǸߵֳЦݵһ֮أ˵ǳˣһ˶Ժɨ򡣡
ȫˣһ˿ǡ
ǵȻǸֿ߱Ǹ¶ųĲм
ɫһ䣺ȫûװֿ


988
ûǸҡͷһżϮһ¡ѰǣǶܲ˶áѣôܹ࣬𣿡
ǸֳЦݵҲճ
ҲǳˣǸ˷ܵʵ
һָǰҡҡǵˡ˶ҽг񡣡
񣿡Ǹֳã֮ɫ
񣡡
ЩľĵȻס˽ŲȻų˹ǵԺнǿնɫʣľױü
񣡡֪˭ȺһŴҶ
񣡡һˮųӿ˹
žžž
һƤ޳˹ȥǰļ˾ȻƤ޳롣Ŀһȵͬǣȶ
Ȼȡһսսɲǳɽеõ˾õͬһų߾˹ȥ
顭
߱ն룬ļܿ;˳ڽָġָڵĴĻֳ겻նɱߵľ
һϵ߼ŴĻ΢΢üͷ
˭Ȼɱҵӣ
֮üΪڽפ߲࣬򲢲С˿ƺܶ࣬һֿԵúϡˡڽֻǧߣҾ󲿷ֶǱͫǼΪڵѾ쳣ˡ
ǡ
û뵽һ˱뺷ˣһٶֻڲһӵʱؾͱɱһɶ
ָӲڵİťģڽڵĳ߲ǳĶ֣Ǿδˡ
дɣ֮м𡣡
һ̣ӵϾͷټܷų긩
顭
Ĵڵһ壬γ𣬵еĵ˶աУټܷ˳
䡭
ټܷ氡ųȥڿչŲһ
ϵĵſв϶ܵĳ꣬һĶᵽɤۡЩҲֻڵϼ֪꣬ʵʲô̶ȡ񿴵ټܷ׷꣬һвĵ˼㡣
ϣǵϣˣҲ͵ʱˡ
ţ
ǧĿУͻȻʧˣֱһըǲſһܷһ߱
ಡ
䡭
βʱسһܼܷϿգеľõն˷Ƿֽһ㱻ǰѾõն롣Ŵӿ׹䣬Ȼը
䡭
һܼܷӿ׹䣬ָӲڵǸϵ߼߿Ŀɿڴ
˭ʲôʵ
¶һ˿־壬̰ťڶȫ
Ͳҡ𣬿ʼ׼еĳ꣬һװ׳¡¡˳еķɻʼͳ룬Զ̹
䡭
һſŸٵӷɻУУװ׳ٿ׷ٵųХȥڸ߿֮лŴȦٿŸٵ
϶е˶ڽŵعעſУд½ߣǵˡеĸٵԽԽҿеķڷųĽǶȣʱųõϵĵһŵɫ԰ס
ಡ
ͻȻ·ȥٸٵϵڱӪأЩ̻һԶȥ
ǵٶг죬һм䴩ȻȻŸ߿ռɶȥ
䡭
Щٵȴһ̲غڱӪأеĻڶ˷ܶûüߵĳҲը塣
䡭
ִ˱ըǳһܷ
䡭
ʹԼٶȣһܼܷɻһŵ׹䣬ֻܷһܣµһپʮĸն
顭
κݺݵһװ׳ϣװ׳Ƚһ롣װ׳ȳһ󶴣ȡһը˽ȥȻθ߸ߵԾ˵ڶװ׳
顭
װ׳һһŸը˽ȥ
顭
һδθ߸ԾȻһװ׳ϲȳһڣһſŸը˽ȥ
䡭
һװ׳汬ըһѶѷ
Ǹָڵϵ߼Ѿɫò԰ףʱѾʣµĳȫԼҲǳĶ֡
ȫ峷룡ȫ峷룡


989
ಡ
߷˿г˷ȥ곯һ׷ȥһĳ߻ɱɾ֮ĳѾһա
ϵĵ˼˻̱һƬֵĺ󣬱еʹһ̱˳ȥһ߻һߺţԾţӵš
ʱڽָڡ
ǵѾ֯֯Ҵ䱸ĹԱҲ֯ǿʼָ
겢ûǰǣ֪ĸǷھǣ֪ԼȥǺѣԼȴܼ򵥡ָͨģһϵعع飬ǵϢȫ粥
˰صҶһӺһŵͼüͷгǡ
һĸĸϣ˯ڴϵӣƣ
СΪʲôûл
д½Ҫʱ䡣˵
ǣϪǶˣСôûлǲǳ飿
ģοϪǴѶϢ˵뵽д½ˣҲһֱչأ֪顣
һӰĵͨзɱҶɵǰס飬Ÿ棡
Ҷɵ
Ǹ˽ȥβסеļ糤гϢˡ
顭Ҷɴģ
ӦģǸ߼˵յϢѾڽǣռ˽ǣÿﶼڲϵعųعϢ
Ҷɻ˻ȥɫɫأ᲻ǳҵı
糤
Ҷɰ˰֣һȥǿ
ǣ
Ǹ뿪˷䣬һǿ˽ɫ¶żɫҶɣĻˣ
֪ҶǿĿ֣صԣҪһСǰǣϢǷʵ
ãǿ˸â

ϺףһûдκǱˮߵźȥһϿȣϿ֮˳һѷǱ˽ȥ
һͱǰ˼£ͱ¶һ϶ǸǱȥ֮ѷ㻺պϣ˳ȥһˮռ䣬˳ͨǰߣʱ˺к
Сߣˡ
ʲôϢ𣿡

СߵżЦݵϢˡ
ģ
һͨһŴ򿪣ÿŶ˼ԴȴûסСߣ֪СҪϪ棬ЩǴд½صˡǷʱѾˣѾռ˴Ǻͳν֮ʧܣʮߣŶ㵽ܻС
ÿ춼ɳֻҪлǾͻȥͻϮȻѸٶսʽʤ˼Σɱ˽һٸߡ
СߺܿȾͷһǰ棡
洫ϪС߽ȥϪͣ˵ˡٴξ֮С߼˵λ׳ˡ
ʲôϪ˫ĿȻϾ㶼ֳ˼֮ɫǿȥд½ˣڳд½¼֪Ļˣ˵̽⣬õ˵ľ׸Ĺۡ
ȷ
ֻյӽǲϴѶϢһֱڹͬһϢ˵Ѿո˽ǣٻеĵֿǻۡ
ûкͽȡϵϪСߡ
ûУҺ±¶λá
˳ĬһϪվȫ
ǳҵıЩԥ
ǲıҲҪжǾͰǰǵһͻϮжǾͽǣûлǾͻϮһΡܹǵʧ̫á
ã

̫ɽ
һȺڴ֮УһƣһӰּӶ
ӥյһֵϢ
ӥ̧ƤǸߵʲôֵϢ
ڲϵعһϢ˵һ˻ˣټеĵֿ
ģ
ġ
ӥǸ˭ûйϵǶԵѾ御ֵΪ˺ܶࡣ쵽Ҳ֣Ӧ˻ȥˣûͳġ
ӥһۣղŷӥںǳЩһˣǴʱӥȴһգЦеġɫһϲ
ӥͬˣ
ӥ̧ͷһƵͬʲôѾˡ
ˣģȻɫһӥ˵ǳǡ
ӥվʰһ£ȥǡ
ڵݣһܻصĵˣɳǰ֤Ǹɴͽʼǰǡ
ŦԼ
ѾһƬ棬Ѫȵζĵڳҵļ£ؽŦԼ
ֿ֧ڱƽŦԼֿ֧нˣʵȻߣߵʵҲǱͫȴŸ߿Ƽ
˹ҪͻϮŦԼһǧߣһϵ˼򡣡
ѾͳϵˣжҳԸ
С
һӰڰ֮ϣǳꡣӳռݽǣʱѾȥ˾졣ҷνܣնɱ˳ҽˡûյԵ˵ѶϢŦԼѶϢǵһյģҪŦԼϣܹǰ
ֻ΢Ѱ˼һ£ŦԼĵֿ˼ǲ֪ԼǲǳϣԼǰԼǾͻ֡Լһֱ֡Ǿͻĳ롣
ڿУӿѾֿ֧ûȥ֪ͨԼѾˡǵܰʲôæ
겢ҪڵֿҵĵһߣֻҪĵˡʲôʱʲô򣬶ˡŦԼľӵУдĵˡΪԼѡͶңе׼˵ˡ
˲٣ڳľУŦԼֻһǧҵĳߣȴɵľӳҵ
Լĳ֣ЩڳҵľӶҡǵд߷ѳңص˵Ӫ
δӰд˳ŦԼڵĴȥ
ǳ񣡡ֿ֧ȿ˳ꡣȻʶ꣬һصţڷУˮдϢ


990
顭
ŦԼеĴϣϵ˴ʱͣеĶΪūĵ˷еĻվڴĳ꣬ľ۾ֳ˹âЩĵһͷ
ЩҲյԽǲŵϢûţû뵽һǰĴϡ
ԭֵĴϼžû˵ÿ˵ĿⶼۼڳϡЩūѾʼ÷Щڳҵĵ˲˳꣬ɨǵĿⲢûɱ⣬һ϶ֳ

ӷУˮгһֿװվڽֵų꾴
΢΢ͷһһŦԼĴ¥ȥפһǧߡʱһС¥̨ڷһӣϣһߺžһ߼ŸĵˡǸоյĲԣĿڽֵߵĳϡ
ǿڲϵشӷУˮгĵֿװϣǵϲûп־壬¶Ц˶Ǽд½ʲôڵѾߣԺɨôѵֿװ
һ߳ЩǵľӺվʲô𣿰ǶɱҾϲɱˣ
ūЩα͵ֿɫʮѿֳŭ
ಡ
ܾûùķɽʮɽХȥǸߵЦȻֹͷ­ǻʺѪҺ
ԳʵʹɽȫŦԼСʮɽ˲˵ҰʧŦԼдոһߵ
Ľֵϣһڿ񻶣ȴͻȻķɽԴӵʱ䣬һٶ߶иԴŦԼ˼ž֮СЩûпĵãǲ֪Ƿʲô漴Ƕһ˻
񣡡
񣡡

顭
Ĵڵһ壬ŦԼ¥ȥһȺȺߴų˳ȻǾͷ·𿴵һƬǺ׹䡣
ǳȭڶʽǳ˸
䡭
ʮ˲飬ͬȺһɱ˳֮У嶼ͷŽĹǱŰ
¡¡
¥ˡ
顭
гӰһŭſ־ڿеĳꡣ
ಡ
ʮɽǽɱ˹ȥնɱ˵ʱͬնɱһɡߵһͬ־ռеһ˷Ӷȥ
顭
ͻȻǹα͵ֿװͬʱſзӵĳҪĲǻгߣֻҪ赲ôһ˲ķɽͻὫǵո
һǧٶߵĲ·ڻ࣬вɰ̾һ˵޷ֿңƾԼһ˵Ҳ޷ҡֻеЩܹʼս
ŦԼд˲һСʱ˵ֿߵ˹ŦԼеһжȻ뿪ŦԼУص˽ǡ
ǡ
ʱս֮УյŦԼдϢûȥŦԼУΪ֪ԳʵȵǵŦԼѾˡ֯һǧɱ˽ǣҪѽǱһǡ
ȴܵӭͷʹڽھȻϵż۷壬ȴǰ˽ǣҲӦ˹ǰŦԼ
һϵż۷ԳЩ˵һѣοһս֮󣬳ٶžȥ
ս֮󣬵һƽ֮С
ûҲʼصٻأžǻۡΪ˫ѾЭ飬һºھ֮һս
һµʱǳȡģҪټԵߡʵȴڵһᡣ
ϪһȺǿˣӥŻص˵ˣҶɴŸ˵ˣеĻгĸĸ޶ص½½ص˽ǣڵڶʮ죬һᵽˡ
ÿɢĿֲϢ𾪣ϪЩȥд½֮⣬־塣
֪Щ˶ǵᣬǵʱ򣬼ط˻Щῴ˵ʵһ¶˲мǵǿվڽ߽ﶥĳ꣬һ˲мı飬Ŀ𾴡

ȫǿߣֻҪһ꣬𾴡


991
죬Ȼ
ڿȻαʧݶ֮ϡֻǽӴ죬һϪǡԺ͵ҪһҪһ˴ںϵĹ̡
ûʲôȺȾƸܹñ˴Ϥø죬˴˽ܵø졣
˸˽ЩᣬЩҲʼԾ˵ʡʱǲףʲУԪ̫ϡΪԪ̫ϡõ˵һ·⾳֮·
ܹ·ǿֻҪʱ䣬ǱضΪһȺʵǿ壬ΪԪѾŨ
һ㣬еĲмҲʧˣʼڵĹ似Ҳ⾳ڸᣬȻֻ죬˫ǳҲ˫ӵǢ
лУһ͵ˡڵϻʮĵžǵķǰУһԴڲͣؼ롣
֮⡣
ҴŽӿûʹЩ֯ĵαһЩͶǵĵ˵ˣ˴ӱʣûж٣ʣµҲǱץġĵ˰ս˵ǻӣ˵󵹸ꡣ
ţֻƾǳҵͿԺɨ򣬾ǵ˳ݵǸҲ⡣
̧ȥԶͬһƬһ˹зеģڵߵģʮô˹
峤ϸЦʮһȺϾٶʲôãǵŰ׵ģ
ĿŶĿȥ㿴ǰһߵߣһߡһɢű뺷Ϣ
ԣ
峤оһ˲뺷ϢҴɢϢЩߵʵǲ͡
ţ
Ǹͨ
ᣡ
峤оһѾԭĳˣԷǾһᣬǳοҪˡ
Žɫߵĳӿн˴ϵż۷ĵվڳһᣬȻǷӥϪˣǵʮ
ž
ι졣
䵽֮󣬱ٲŶȥ˴Ҫٲ棬ȴְ˰ڣ˴ס˽Ųֳһ˿ʣ֪Ҫʲô
ǲףǶĳҲףһҪʲô

峤ӹһ˿Ҳϵż۷壬ƾһսˡ

ȻᣬҾͳȫ㡣ֻҪɱľ䣬ɢɳһƬ
ʱĳѾߵм䣬߲ס峤ϴŵЦݣһ֡
̤̤̤
һǧγһųƽ˹ľһɨ
ϵ
ôֱʣһǧ˾Ȼϵ˵ҵľ񣬳һǧϵߣĳʣµϵ߲һ٣Ȼʣµһϵ߶ϵϣһǧϵ߶ϵһ¡
Ƿһ˿̵ЦֻҪһǧϵ߸ɵҽҲûеֿȻŽ򣬵ȴȴԲһĶ֡
֮ҪӭսһҪ磬һ泹סЩᣬԺԹԵԼһҪ˵ʿ½ԼûüأҲܹ񲻵ᶨصС
顭
̤ǰһڵǳ֮ӵڷӵڱ쾭мٵתǺһ͸⣬Χ˫
ǳ֮뵽漶ľлϽɫܶӳڷͬХһĺһһѹŶķѹȶȥ
һǧϵɵķһͣͣ˽ŲⲻǺ£һֱܵķӦΣյʱıܷӦ
漴ǵߺˣһǧϵ߾Ȼһ˸סˣǴûо飬ҲǴûܹ衣ŭȻӿ˳ٶȡ
顭
ٴ̤ǰһǱڱƣΧĿ˼Ĳǳ֮Ʊ˳ı·һƬǿա
ɱ
һǧϵܲסѹطһų˹ȥ
ϸֳһǧߵѾˣұֵĶҲѾˣһǧߣϵܹ
顭
γֻ˰벽ص̤ĵ֮ϣԵΪģһƬѣͬ֩һѷӡ
죬ȻͬһƬգصǰȥ
ǳȭڶʽǳ˸
䡭
һǧϵ߸о·һƬǿ׹䣬ȫǳ
漶
ǿԵ֮ĴڣÿһܹڿвϵԪܸӾ޴
һǧϵߵֳ˼ȿ־֮ɫǴûмܵǸ˵ĲһȭһƬꡣ
ۡ
һߵ屬飬ض·쫷һ飬صһףһǧϵֻ˲룬ʣµЩҲսȣĺˣֳȵĿ־塣
ʲô
䡭
ĵڶȭѾ˳ȥµϵߣȻѪɡʱ˫Ѿ棬Ϊм䱩˻ҳγɳڵ˵
һ֮󣬿ռɳŽ価ͦм䣬˶档
һƬžÿ˶͵վĵ͵ˡû˻뵽˹
ĳ߸һƬͣʵҲǣǴûм漶֣߳ο껹һ漶ߣߡֻг峤ûдͣȴ˿־塣
Ϊ漶ߣһǲ֮ǰҲΪǸ漶ߣǰǸ漶ߵ
ΪǸ漶߲һˣǴһ
ˣ
ǣʱҪ򣬶Ҫĵ˳ɱģôеĳ˶ҾˡܹܵģҲܲ
һŶĳȵҪԣ
͡귢һЦҵļ԰㷴˰ɣ
峤ؿ˳һ۵˲˵㲻ǵˣĻͲǿߣӦǵɣ񣬵˺ǵûʲôϵ뿪ɣǽܹǳɱǻǴΪصĺΪҴĲǳңǰˣ


992
ˣ
üͷû˵ˣ֣߱
ûнӴȴ˵һʮص֯˵ʮǿ󡣵Ǿʲôģǲ֪
֪ҿԸǡ
ʱĳ峤Ѿָƽֳ˸߸ϵĸ̬
˵𣿡
΢ȴûзӦ峤ϻָ˰ȻҲ֪Ӧ֪ϵ֮ϻ漶ɣ˾רŲ漶ֵĵط֮Եıǰˣ漶ʤֻǵ˲ͬ˺֮һֱǸǿˡǳڰˡҲ֪ô漶ʵڰʲôҲǡڣ˳ңһ밵ˣõߵҸˣͿԼǷܹס
ˣ
üͷ΢΢һ壬û뵽˻ôһ֡ΪʲôûкԼ˵˵飬ӦǲԼ
ǡ
˵ǰˣ¾Ҫֵ򣬳궼ɵط˵ڵϵֻǳҡֳȻ־ڿһӡ
ɱ
ɱ
ʮ߷ŭĺŶ˹ȥͬʱ˫ĿȻһţ˫Ŀ磬ϵȻ·ҡҷһƬǿգ˫ڵһ壬ѣαͬһһس˶ĳ峤
ǳȭһʽǳ׹䡣
һȭ˳峤ó峤޿ɱܣۿųȭͷ·һǳǰ˲Ŵ
䡭
峤飬мһ
顭
˫ٴڵһ壬˫չʮΣ·ɲΡ弱תͬһ糯ų߳˹ȥ
ˮΡ
顭
ĳ֧飬Ǳĳ˲㱻飬ͬһ޴ķ糵Ⱥӹոһ
ѾɥʼĴӴܣǴʱʣµʵܲϵû˼ﻹܹЩ׷ɱѣ
Ѿγһ浹̷Ըǰ˴죬ÿһȥһڣһ˸һڣȫڵ
죡
ʱ䣬ҵɱøɸɾȴá򱻳һٵüһƬ棬٣˼֮һһһǱڵвǾǰˡ
ҲźϢǽɻ˺ܶԴҾǰȻҪȫԴȴ˵ĳꡣ
ЩԴϪƶַĽߣõ߲ȱԴͬʱߵ飬ǽ̵
겢û̿ʼǨ㣬ûд½ѰܹǨĵطҲûзˣΪ֪˵˻᲻ǰҪڵҲҪһαȽϳʱ䡣
ڳİŴҶû뵽д½Ϫ˴ʱѾԼд½ߵľ޴죬ϵԪд½ϵԪ࣬ΪҪǴʱȱԴεظԴִӳõ˴Դ˵ĵȱľԴϪҲȥд½ڵԼʵ
ߵȵҲû˿ʶ˳֮ЩĳҳҪϪЩһͬʣҲ˵ͬһԴֻһ㣬ǾͲ뿪򣬻ȥͷûԴӡر֪һǰд½Ὣ˽дǨ㣬͵һµǵȻҪڳǵԻ͵Ψһһλᡣ
һ֮󣬱㽫ԼӺӴҡĳѾ֪ͲӦ÷ʲôԪӦޣ˲ܹŽ漶ϣΪռⷽƲĽ٣ӽ쿪ʼ׼ڸǳ
ҳһָоԼǳԼӵϥԼǰ޶ˣǽ˵˵һ飬ȻٰԼǳ˵һߣԼǳƲҲ˵˳
ͳӣۺͳĽһ˷۸ȸԾ
֣ǲҪڸǳ


993
갮۵ͷǳǵĲ֭֮ҺǵѾʮִǳ֮ٶȻǳ죬С
ȡĸԪռݸĸ˵װһЩҺͶţǳҩһǳҩѾҼùˣ´һصд½취һЩЩźǳҩǸտʼǳİҲǳ󡣡
ĸ˴Ԫռ䣬ǰ˵ھʹڸǳסֹһҪ⴫
ţĸ˶صͷ
ʱ䣬ȷ޶ǳ²Ȼ㿪ʼǽǳȻտʼֻǽϰ벿һ֡ȷǶ֮󣬳뿪
ûȥϪߵˣӿһж֮󣬱ջ˾ʼ˼ļƻ
֮֮֮ﵽ˴Բ磬û̫ıҪˣڵҲֻʧȥΪƵЩ豸ٶȻǴʱŰ˵Ϯһ֪˻ʲôʱǰǲܷ˵ġ
ĿĹˣγ𣬴µʱ˵ʤŵļ¥ݼ֮ϡ˫ȴ̣۾׼ˣں֮֮֮
ÿ춼źܶ˿ôڼ¥ݼ֮ϣһ۹η꣬·ب档û˴ų꣬Ҷ֪֮Ϊػÿһ˫۾𾴺ͳݡ
µʱת˲ڽһתɵϽɫڵʮתϽɫﵽ۷塣
µʱ䣬˿͵õͻƣȴࡣ
һӰħɽ˵һ·žǷ·Ȼؽ΢΢üͷ
ڵⰡǸ૵ǵˣһд½ҵҪķߴ壬Ĵš
ಡ
Ǹƿնȥź죬԰ˣһ۷ĸ֮֡ǰǰ֮ǰһʹӵõԴᰵˡ˳ѾڵʧһҲ֪ҵһھǣЩҲܹɱΪھԴֱžǵķȥֻҪռɱշͿˡ
ڼ¥֮ϵĳͻȻ˫âͬǹһԡȻʧڼ¥֮ϣžķȥ
źͣסΣ΢΢۾˶ĳֳ꣬һ˿𾪣Ҳֳͬһ˿𾪡ֻǸһ棬͸֪˴˵ʵ
Ȼ۷壿
Ȼ۷壿
ŶĹźȥʮ׳˫ۺֻܳȣִָڷ·̲
ֻҪ¶֫岿ֶ͸¶һͭɫĹǷͬһˡһ˫ͭĴͷâֻڿоɢһɱ
ʱźҲڴų꣬Ұеĳǳ죬һһһĸоһ·ֱһƬ磬ַ·һڶһС
ôһ漶߳ڵ򣬶һȻľһ
ѵˣ
ź첻΢΢۾˾ռݵ鷳ʹˡͬʱҲ˷ܲѣһκײĻᡣ
ˣźʵ
԰ˣûлش𣬶Ƿʵ
źͷȻֱų꣬ȴųĻش
ǵˣ국˵
ˣⲻܡźֳһ˿ǵֺαشһߣժҿǲˡ
Ŀһ䣬ڶԷ³ԼҲûʲôֵģϾд½ϵ漶߼ǲ˾ڰˡǳȴܹϣһݱ¶治֪˻Լȡʲôж
͡źЦαװˣжǲ漶ǿߵġ˵ɣ㾿Ǵķ˵ˣ㲻еˣô֪ˣ
ȷʵǵˡⲻҪҪ˵Ŀġָƽ˵
ҵأ
ɱˡ
źĬһҲϼ밵ˣҵôȥˡ˲׷
Ŀһ֮ǰڵΪǰָʹģ
˵źֳһ˿ͷôѵ㻹ҪΪ˱вǵˡ
˵ǵˡ
źǾĺǰΪˣ
ͬһµֻҪǰ˲Ⱦָ밵ΪС
źɫһ̸£ˣôսɣ
һ䣬źαڿһӰһȭ˳ꡣһȭֱӣԵ·ǰһжᱻ顣
һȭ۷ʵӵ˼£ûйɣֻǵһʽͱǱܡ
һȭ겻ܶ㣬ֻҪһƱڶԷĺ֮±÷顣
Ҳһ˲֮䣬ǳ֮ھתǱٱԼһ˿һȭӭŶԷ˳ȥ
ǳȭһʽǳ׹䡣
顭
˫ȭͷҵײһ

ϵ·˲Ƭֻȭͷ֮Ŀ·һ㣬ܼڣ첲ϵļͬһ˵ļͷ
ߡ
˵иԷһƺߣŸԵĺ󷽷ˣͬһ㡭
ڲеɫȻһ㶣ֹźû˿Ҫͣٵ뷨Զɶȥ

ͣ³һǴʱҰѾʧ˹źټⲻüͷźһȥ˵´ʱͲһˣһȺ˵ˡ
ô죿
ǵʵǿˣ˭ȥԮ
ˣ
У
ڰе΢⣬ֻһɱƣվԼ̫С
С
ͲܹԼˡ

쳤Хзйеƣей
ΧĿռ䱻һ𶯣ԶԶش˾ǡֱߵ𶯡
ǳ
еû˷ּ¥ϵĳʲôʱʧȴǷ׷״ӷ˳Ŀż¥ķȥȻһ̷ųķȥ
ֻ˲䣬Ǿ˾֮⣬ĳꡣ
񣡡
ʲô飿
ôˣ
һƽ˵ղŰ˵
Χ˵ɫһȥأ
ˣ


994
߳Ĭȥ֪ζʲôζŰ˻ǰʱʵǿ뵽ߵвһʲôʵ
ɫҲЩأһ۷塣
Χٴ˼žãϪʵô죿
ʱѾָƽɣûеڶ·ߣֻԼøǿǻȥɣҪһһʱ䡣Ǹ˻صˣǰôҲҪµµʱ䣬ϣʱܹһ̨ס
ǻȥ
Ϫֳ˼ᶨ֮ɫžǵķȥµҲһžǷȥǶҪչأΪ֪ȵһεܾ֮ܿս
˵Ӱ㶼ʧΧָֻ˼žաڰӦòᵽҪڽԼʵһ̨ڵϸܡ
ֻǿգ
ֻвǳǿղǳܹڶʱʵĵط
ಡ
ȥѾܾûȥˣԴӽ뵽ˣ궼ûн뵽⡣
ǳӭʱ򣬳ֻĿղŵıһɨաûͣйǿз裬ܷǳžڼžǳɢ貹âȴžг
չ˫ۣͬһֻǿɵط裬ۣ貵ǿգۣǿյ
رĻԾ
ڵǳ֮ӿ˳ھԶת
֮֮֮ʱԶ
ʱĳоԼǳеһǳֹͣʶطУֻôſ˫ԼǿƮ
顭
̫ڱ
䡭
ңԶһźǺľըˡ
еÿһǳԼתţڹİ

е߶뵽֮УǵˣǵᣬеԴӦеؽ˲ܹͨˡ
һֽµա
ͬʱϪһЩϵǱ޴ߺ͵еһЩǱ޴߶ͽܻأ統ڵĺͬʱǴ˴Դ
ǵĵ˵δ
ϪİţߵȵҲ˱֮Ľ뵽֮С
ۺͳҲͽܻأֻǻߣϪֲܹǿȡǳۺͳԶߣȴǿ뿪
ЩͨȻ֪ʲôȴܹоֽŵգǵҲܵѹ֣򶼷·һѹֵĹ
д½ͨǸСֿʼۼһȺһȺߣЩ߶д½еļߣд½߱ܵϢ˷ӿҪһѵͬʱд½Ҳ˵жôδйļѣÿ춼ÿ춼еɥ
ۼС˵ŵ룬Ҳ׼Ȼɱ򣬽ĵ͵ȫɱ⡣
д½ߴĴŶԴȴû˿Ӧ·һжûзһ㡣͵˵ûйϵǵǾϣϵҪں
˵Щ͵ˣЩ˷ǵҲһЩɵӣ˻ȥעһЩɵ
ԭӦһ˹עһУǾ£ȴһֱڵصױչأڳŴһֱľ磬Ѿܾòע磬緢һ֪
һҲӦùעһУǾҲڱչأһʱ䣬ȷе˵ԴճΪ֮󣬾ʵͻͽʱΡ
õ˳ڱأõͻƣԲ
ǿС
ɴƮ۾
Ϣǹ̲صž̲صĿ񱩡
ǿղ뿴ȥôã̲ſ񱩵һƮǿлᷢԼ˵С
ǡ
ʱĳȴûиоԼСΪֻаԼǿյ˲ŻоԼСʱĳѾԼ뵽ǿ֮УѾΪǿյһ֡
˫Ŀǻۣ˸ǳ֪еɣһͷļʣ£һϽɫڵϾȻҪ£Ȼе߿˺ܶ࣬ΪǳҾѾɣγ˹ͨоһ˿֮ٶʮСֻʱ䣬Լʵ弶ԽԽѣδܹͻƵ弶


995
˳˼ˣҲδؾܹ֮ǰٶȡ
չأ
Ҫ;ûһӴĻչĵ·ԽԽխ뿪֮ǰһֱؿĻͨ˲ؼؿĻ
ֻûнЩȫԼĶʱ˴µĻϣҪľǹĦ˻ȻԼԼ߳ȫԼ·
򵥵ģ±ôһҲᳬԽˣֻаѱ˵ĶȫȻȥɣ侫ڼԼĸ򣬽ںϣԼĶ
ҪЩ˵ףȴǳѣرǳҪĲںһֹҪʮֹںϴԼĶһͬһԵĹ̸ֹס
ΪףԳһֱûںϣɢҲһֱʮìܣƮǿ֮Уȴоͳһͳһ
֮ԭͳһټɢİǺεȵŨ
ǵ򣬻д½һôܹǵ̲صİ
һа֮࣬ʷжƾã̲صĵ̻ж
ٴα۾ſԼĸ֪֪֮еİ
ǳ֮
֮
ֻ˲䣬֮֮֮ʼںϵһ·ԭӦںһģ֪ʲôԭ򱻷ֿһȻȻһںϣϵγ֮

ֻһ˲䣬ڵһͱϽɫʵļڣ۾Ŀ͸¶ϲޱȵš֪Լ˵ط˵ĴϿҲãԼռҲգǶռ䣬ֻǿ֮УܵĲ֮
ȻֻǸ֪һ˿һǶ㲻ϣҪ֮ˣԼ֮ȥ֮ġ

ˡ
ڵ֮֮֮Ȼȵ˲óһָо
ѵڴԲ֮ϻŸߵľ磿
˫ĿȻһš
֮ǰ򣬲֮֮֮һǳں֮Уһǳͺ̫Сˡ֮֮֮֮
ʱľںγɵģһ˿֮Ҳںγɵġ
νվø߿Զֻдںвܹһǳȥ֪֮
ʱĻȻʣ֮ǰȻʱ⣬Ǹʱ̺ܱ˵ǸʱʵϵʵܵͣϵĵҲǳͬ͡ˣһ·ߵ񣬹ۿؼرйۿؼˮƽﵽһǳߵĸ߶ȣҲֻϴﵽ˸߶ȣŻν뵽ܲĲͬ
ٴλر۾ĶĶؼԺʣѧ似ڲͣػطţԴһЩ似ҲһһػطţЩ似ڽۣںϣںϳһ㣬һһ
һ죬죬졭
ʮһ졣
껺˫ۣʱѾ֪Ʈδʱɲǽͨڱǣǻеĺë׶ں֮һ㱻ڣṉ̀Ťų崹
ЩǹһӴͱյڣĳͬһڶҲŹ

һҲͨڱǣȫĺë׶ȫǹȻ飬·𱻺ëˢԶ䣬ͬǧǡ
һȥ˳ڵʣû뵽徹Ȼʣһ£³ĲڵʣϵʣӵĴ⡣
һ̡
δйˬǰֻǸоͨ͸ȴһͨ͸
ȻΣبźͱ仯ĸ֪š֪ƽҲ֪ıҡ
ӵϿ棬Ϊһֱƽģ뵽֮󣬱ᷢʱ̶Σա˵ЩͻȻֵǳƬͲʵֵܹģıס˲ͻᱻ˺Ƭ
вͬԣеĻδͻоıеȴȡǲʱͷųһЩ궼־Ĵų
дţɵĲ죬ĳ˵ƮǼʹˣҲǻԵ֮СҲԵǻó֮ԽԽ
ϵʿʼط˱仯ԭһһìܵʿʼһ˿г
ֺֻгʮִ˵ĸоָͷһֺгͻʧ»һì塣
ಡ
һھ겻Զϵ·˲飬Ѿֹһˣ̱۾֪ǵ
ûһķҲûһĿģֻƮţȫſ뵽֮Уȥ֪ʷı仯
飡
꽵һֵ֪֮ϣһ򣬻֮ϣļž
һֱûпȥҲûȥۿԼڵı仯ֻſԼĴߡ
ʱֻһ࣬ȴΪһӣԼ࣬·صʵԭʼ״̬
ңֻعʵԭʼ״̬С
ۡ
˫һ񣬱ٴηȥµ˲С
ˡ
֮Уо

ǲбһȻҲࡣ
Դ
ıԴ
Цˣ屾ԴûгԤϣˣ˻ԻʶˡҲԻˣ˾͵ıԴǺ顣
ȷ屾Դֻ࣬һֱҲȷеλãȴҵˣ˲׽ıԴһ΢Сòܹ΢СĿ۲ܼľ˲ͬԴȻŽ뵽Դ֮С
׵ؽ˱ԴϾǳıԴǳľû˿ų⡣ǵȵľ뵽Դ֮һ
Ȼһռ䣬һ΢СòܹС澹Ȼװһռ䣬ռ仹ǲСҪȳ绹ֻռããһƬ겻֪ǿԴҲ֪ԴΨеıԴȴıԴ


996
ʱڲ֪йȥһ£Ȼ֮ڵȴ˺ܶࡣȴ˾ʱϵ·ѾȫѣƮ֮У̲űҵ
ʱĳѾȥ֪ʲô֮רעظ֪ıԴûҵ汾Դȴܹ֪һ˿˿汾ԴԾŬԼڵıԴȥ汾Դ
ʱҵƯóڵÿһϸ뵽֮У֮֮֮ڿٵںţһεõͻƣһµľ硣
Ѿ֪ȥǣ֪ȥ磬ȴܵرܿЩΣա
·һϴ񣬱ʮֵͨ͸ϵʲ˾޴ı仯ԭֻһ˿˿ںϴʱѾʼȫںϣȻףȴ˳ͬһڶľʱ˿һۣ񶼻ᱻն
ⲻǳʵ߾磬ǴʱѾΪһ壬ϵʲ
ôʯ
걾ܵ˵һ仰ڳΧûһʯôž
ǡ
֮һž޴ʯԶԶس˹Ǹֳһ˿΢Ц֪Լô֪һʯǾָо
顭
Ǿ޴ʯͻȻмѣǳ֮Һ֮УĴƮ
۾һ㿪ʯȻƮ֮еЩǳ֮Һ˹ȥЩǳ֮Һȫ
ôһʯй¶ǳ֮Һǳ֮ǰռǳ֮Һİٱó˷ܵشЦ
֪Լڲ֮ҵľ˳Ҫȥ֪Ҫõʱ䡣ȡֱһʱ䣬ɫ΢䣬Ѿ뿪нµʱˣ֪û˵
֪ξջΣ
ջΣҲġξ֮ԼʵԺﴦڱڣһĿٶ
ǡ
Լʵʱ򣬻𾪵صɴ۾
ڵľѾʮϽɫʵѾļ۷塣

˼ƣʼһһʽش̫ȭ
һһ顭
ʱԭӵֿһеΪ˳Ѿ̫࣬ǼʹҲ˸е塣
̫ȭһһʽشϵõ˽һںϣؿʼپˡֻɲܹȫɢһֺڶɵܡ
ûȥˣ
ѾǵһˣȻʱûĿĵƮع۲һΧǳλãǺܿؾȷ˷صķ
ʱЩƼóȫٶŵȥ
ֻʱ䣬㷵˵򣬴ʱѾӴԪռȡ·´ϣûзκ飬΢˼һ£д½ķȥд½ͨıؾ֮سŵȥһŹ֮ϣϥһִ֦ϣ۾
ûϵд½ϵλþ˴Զ˺ܶ࣬ʱźոշصˣ߲㷴Ӧ
顭
һ豭飬һһǷһ˿΢ЦȥɡҸոͻƵ弶ҲҪһΡ
źĿĿһһʮӣվͬΧΪһ壬Ϊϸź۷߶оĺֻվһָоǲһˣ·޴İ칫ڵһ
ȻͻƵ弶ˣź͸¶𾪣ͬʱҲͷųݣֿż
ĵӣ
΢΢һ۾ȻվǰĹź죬۷һ˿Ĺâ
Ǹֻ۷壿
ǣź칧˵սҪ۷壬ֻǺһоˡ
ߣ
ǣ
һֱϳˣ
ǣ˵ǵˡ
Ǹֳһ˿Цݣǰ򣬰ǸץҪġ
΢΢һüͷʦǵһɱ˾ɱˣץʲô
ǺǡϵЦ󣺡ǸҲû˵ѣһĵˣĩս֮д½Һܻܿˡ
ˣĿ˸
Ǿȥɡ
ǣ


997
֦Ѿȥ죬ͬһ֦һһʵһ˿ʮʮ֮һϽɫڱƽ弶
۾ɫءΪذߣоʵ̫ˣоˡĶ԰ˣٻˡ
ಡ
η˿Уٵ˳ȥȻǱЦ
ʱȷ߷߲԰ˣΪ澹Ȼһ漶ûС
ͣǿ˶һˡŶЩˣҲЩͷۡ
Щ˳겢ûзȻΧԼԼҲ׶ԸҲˣһЩ˵ΪıûеСһ߰æ
ν϶ҧ󣬳ҲһɱˡȻﵽǸ磬˵Ͱ߻ӻָˡ
ǳҲ£ָģȻģҪߣƾż˲ס
ˣռȫɱһߣȻͻȻɱһΣЩҲͲˡ
꽫ɢ˳
ˡ
ԭƽĳȻ˱仯ͬһڶһС
ɫһ䣬ǸоԼ񶼱Է˽ȥû㱡æԼ񣬺ȵ˭
ˣ
Էɫһˣô˵ľ磿һһߣ¶һ˿ժ߰ɡΪ˵ĻǺţ
Ŀɨˣ˵ˣûбҪ֤ʲôΪǲʸ񡣡
㡭
һ仰˵ķŭǷŭͬκһѹ˳ꡣƽذ˰ֹס˶ԷĻͷҳֻһĿģǾֹǽ̷ػʲôˣǰһȴǵľֻ
ųһһֵĳڣڲϵ˫ԶǶȴظоѹϢĸоһ˿־塣
⾿ʲôˣ
ʲôΪ
ϵż۷𣿲԰Ҳϵż۷壬ɢȫûͶԷȡ
ˣͻȻһ
˵۳ƾһҵҡҷʱվǰмһͨ죬һȡ˳ȻųꡣͲŶԷһ˸ĺӲƴ
ȡ˵ǳǵɽľõϵƺ͵ϵ۵һǺصжȻӵϬſڣȻһǾս
䡭
˻۵ƿʼ
Уһܹںƴˣٱȥ¾ͻʧȥսġ
ɱ
һų˹ȥĴоһе˳
ɱ
һŭ𣬱ٴλųɱ˹ȥ
Ȼ䣬·նҡһ£һ㿴һֱߺ˫۾΢е״̬ſĿֻǳ˹ЩһɨЩ߾͸о·һǵ࣬ڵԪתΪ֮һ͡
궯ˣеľõն˳ȥʮʽɽ۳һʽ
ɽһʽ
һƥɣŶӡ
һ飬һǵõĽȴǵƥòͣٵӹĽâĳ塭
е߶ڷصֵǵƥȴӣֱǵƥһգѾǧߡ߾ǰѾʧȥ˳ټǵصɨ˳ȥԳľԼôܷ֣
ûҵܾ꣬ģֻѪȵζʣµ໥ţжѯʶԷô죿
ǼǰǸ˷һУѾڵԪĵò࣬ûʲôµģ´ڳ֣̰Χм䣬Ҳ
һжĥĻ

ʵǿҲϵż۷壬ĹŻԽĹԽԪƾϵż۷Ԫֵ֧
ã
ҪΪսѱ𣡡
ǰ򣡡
Ҫѵɱ⣡

Щֳŵķȥһ߷һ໥Ȼǵ˫Ŀ֮һƬǰߴԼʣࡣͬ򣬶ڵ˵һƽ٣˳ûʲôȿԣеľõһκն˳ȥЩûзĸ࣬һȥֱ˰ǧˡ
һƬ֮Уٴʧټ
һ£Щ߻Ŷãٴγˡ˵ʲô˵ڵԪȫֶ֧ͷֵơǻ޷ټֻܹ򻹺ңԶȥ»ûдﵽЩ˾Ѿˡ
ǻҵʱ򣬱һ죬һǼǴߵĳꡣ
ֻ˲ӽЩˣȻеľõٴն˳ȥ
䡭
һƥߵǰ˲ŴȻǼ飬ʱ򣬳ȴͬһŵ׹䣬Сʱçç֮С
ǵصؾŵɨȥȴʧȥ˳ټЩߵɫˣ֪һͶĴУȴҲ
˵ʲô
˵˳ʱܹ͵Ϯǣȴ֪ʲôʱ֣ʲôʽ֡
һ̣ǵˣŻŵд½ķȥ
γһù֮ϣϥһ֦ϣſзӵߣ¶Цݡ
ڴִ֦ҹգһƬڣûаǹ⡣ĳȥ
ĩգ
ĩգ
ĩյĿֲʧȥʧȥĶܶࡣʵѾоԼ仯ĩ£Ļر仯ӦֺڰһȫӦֺڰĩʧֵʱ໹ܹӦ
Ǹʱ򣬿¹һɱ֣ҲΪ߲ӦֹЩͨأ
Щͨ˿»
һҪ̵ʱ룬ĩա
귭˫ȴ̣뵽֮С
ȻһоԼƺһִųִų֮֮֮ںϵĲֲȫڣƺһı仯


998

ѸٵطӦ˹ֲûмʶΣһ
дϲǵ˵ܻܿڽ뵽弶֮ǰγû뵽ġ
Ȼ˵ԣֻܹԼȥ޷ڣǻĳ֪ġһγӣҪľǽչ⡣
ϻܹչǻ
꿪ʼڵţԼƤ·˸ֽŲȥ
Ϊʲô
˳˼ϸϸع۲Լ򡣰֮󣬳ֳ˿Цԭҵˣܹչڵԭֻһ̫߶ˡ
Ȼǳ򡣻
˴һȥƲһ£˵Լļ۷壬¾ǽ뵽弶Ҳǳ򣬾δܹ
ô죿
üͷȻͷһȻܹǳֻһأ
ǳ˵˾һ棬ӵǳֻʱһǳȻʵţţǲǾܹȫǳ
һôľܹӵӵûž޴ͼһûͬҲܹ׵ػɱ
뵽
꿪ʼһǳ򣬽ƤʼţоһϲŬԼ
һʱʱʱ
һ죬죬졭
ʱȥ֮󣬳ͣϲҲźȫų⣬ȴֻܹԼΪųȥԲףҲ˵ֻзԲ׵򡣶ͳ˵ԸǷԲǧס
׾װɣ֪ҵʲôԣ
֪һԼü֮¶ϲãȻ򣬶Ҿжٱҳ֪Լӡ
̫ˣ˷ܵ뵽Լļʵû˻ΪԼӵȻֻ򣬵ͻȻʹóһ˵ĵơ
ʱжȹµʱת˲µʱһֱһ飬ǾԼʵ
ǣÿһײĵһѸıģͿڵʮϣӵǰµʱڽʮıϽɫʵҲ弶ڡ
һա
˫ȴڴִ֦֮ϣȻ۾ſȥʱڿһӰɶڳſ۵һ˲䣬еǸ˵ξһ٣Ŀ·ȥĿ͸˲߲ҶͳĿڿײ
ɣǸȵ
ſзȥĿýܹоԷǿ̲ȵ
ߵĳ꣬Ҳһ㶣ڽ뵽ƬǰСͣһ죬˹һ˵Ĵ˵ԵԳƵ˵д½ߣǰһʱҲʮֺ棬ͬʱҲܹǸˣʱҪһ൱Ķû뵽˻֮ࡣ
˴ǵˣʵ
ŶԷȥԷòһǿ׳Եĸоһĸоվ˺ԡ
ֺԲ̫ۣͨʱصƺΧĻעⲻ
úܿΣ˫Ƥֱ˫Ŀ񡣻͸¶һֿ顣
Էʻ׶Էһ˵ԼƾŸ֪ĶԷʵѾ϶Է԰ˡУԳҲûʿػشֻȻصͷ
ɫһݣô󣬻ûǰڳ̬ȡһΪ޵
Ǿܣֻܹƴ졣
ˡ
ͷųԼƣųѹȶ겢ûͷųԼƣֻǽԼת㽫Էڡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬û뵽ӵ򣬸ο겢ûаͷųҪĵ׾ûΪӵֻ΢һ㶣Ϊǳһ⹦
˹ź죿
ٴοڣɱһһسų꣬з·𶼱һһɱռ¶ȼ½
˵Ǹ뵽ڿˣܵûɱ⣬Ƶᡣ


999
ƵȴֳŭûǰƵᡣҲûóȻ֣ǰ˵ľӢðʧȻܹںɱ⣬֤Էźһսʵڶӡ
ųһûɱˣһûɱôңôνɱ仨ˮ
ֻѾͷųƣǳȴû˿¶ͬһʵıˣǳȴ̲ͬڵĵûг֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪ķâⲻܲ˽ģ˫Ŀ΢΢а˾˭Ӧˣд½˻һ˵̵ߣɳһ˾ĿʲôʲôĿģɱˣ˵ĿҲͻˮ
˫ĿȻһϵƸӵͬ͡ʱҲȻſƣͬһڶͷų˽ȥȻԼƷ
оһ弶ƣƷܱơ
˵ֻʵ
ѵ˵ϴԹźʱʵ
ܣ
˺Ͱǵжԣ˵ʱ弶ʵԻѹźɱԲιźߡ
˵ô̶̵ļµʱӲؽʵ弶
һʵôʵ̫ˡһֱԼһһţ񿴵꣬һָоԼƽӹ
У
Բܹ˻ȥһҪɱ첻ɱԺҲûлᣬΪ˵ˣԼҲϡ
顭
ǰ̤һڿ̤һһ̤ڿУȻ̤Ȼ֮оȻĽµһȦȦۿɼĲơ޴ͬľһ˳ꡣ
ǡ
Ǵǿǿ̲صƲǿ˵Ľ£µʱԺѾӡĺۼôܱӰֺ
ӶԷϣѾһ弶ڡҶ弶ڣ껹ʲôµģ
顭
Ҳ̤ǰһ嫵Ŷѹȶȥе˵˵ǸǱһлܡ
ãܺãֳҾͻնɱһὫɱ⡣
˲óƣ˶ջƣΪ£ͬǰһ籩ʱ١
ҲֳضŶԷ˫۵ɱģҪҼסӽҾǰ˵جΣһѰҵ˵Ļأһһеɱ⣡
Ŀһ˵вǳвȴһ顣ͳսаսɱΪϾûгɳ˵ϢҲһ֪һңǰ˸Ͳҡ
ǡ
ȴǺսҪߣסһʵ˿ٵˣĻΪ˵جΡ
ѵɱ⣬ͳѰɱܹ𣿵ЩܹͰ˵ĸ߹𣿾겻ܹѰɱ⣬ֻɱôʮҲܹܵġʱֳһ˿壬֪δǰ֮¡
ಡ
һӰԶٷĿһ
ĿҲһң
ͬʱĿҲһҼһ˲̸֪ҵʵҲļ
˭Ҳûлķ϶հ
꣡ҵĿ˳꣬Գ˽⣬ǳ߾ܹݵġǷһ˿Цժߣҵͷʦ֡
㣿ҵһ˿ȡ
ͷ
ǵˣ
ٴεͷ
΢΢üͷʱҲֳã̾һڻعˡ
ʦ֣ʲôˣ
ҵϸֳһ˿ЦֳôĶܹд½ϵ˶֪һǿߣؽҪɱ仨ˮʦҹһ¡
Ĭһʦ֪ҵݣҪδã
ҡҳĬһµʦ˼Ұȥԭʦ֪Ǹ㣬ʦ˵ֻҪϼˣд½߱㲻ֵ򡣵Ȼ
ҿһ˳⡣˱֤ˡ


1000
ͷڳ˵ҲܹƲ뷨ȻһԼ漶ߣҪ£ˣΪܻܿᱻ¥ȥܹ֮뵽漶ΪõʲôܣҲܹ˷
֪˼˾ͷģԼѾ֪زΪԼԵֻаˣǽĿʦ֣ȽɱΣ
оһʵһֱûп͸ټһңûһ˿ʤİգҲŵΪԼ߾û⡣
ôߣɱ뷨ˣԳĳɳٶȿԺûɱĿܡ

ҲûɱĿܣԼټҪߡ
һȻһƲߣ¶˵Цݵǰɣ
ǣͷȻ˵˺ɱĻǼʹ֣жҲû˿ӣΪʮףӣԼסġ
Ѿֵ֤㵣ĵľֻʣ°˰ɣ
ǣʵ겻òͷϡ
ڸһᣡûһ˿Ļţٳ֣һ·ڼ뵽ǰˣĺ԰ǰ˾ԲԼ˳ңźܣⶼС£һʹ
밵ˣ
붼룬Ѿ֪Լݣ밵ˣ̻Ϊ˵ĵˣ浱ǰ˲ǿϡԼ밵ˣ̾ͻṥΪƲá
겻¶ǵЦݵ꣬Ǻ±¶ݣ׷ɱ˻Եְɣⲻʲô£ֻҪｫɱû˻֪ǵˣ֪밵ˣ㻹ԻصˣΪǰԵס
ҵһĿ䱸ҡ겻ЦҡҡͷԼˣȾͲŹԼ˵ʦ֣ҵʦ֪
Եһ¾ɥĲغɱԼҲᱩ¶ûôɵʱ򣬳˵СϷͲҪҵˣȻ֪˺ͰʲôͬҺϲˣ˵ҵʦ
꣡ͻȻڵ˺Ͱ˵ǳ򵥣˵ǿڸд½ʹ˵Ӧӭͣ͵ū
Ǿǹ̲Է⣡Թһ˿д½ϵ͵֮ʱǲǵ̬ȣֱӺǿսǴù˼Ѱ·Լʵǰ˲ͬǴ򿪴ӭǣʹΪǵūҲΪǵʵ㡣ǿԴū˵һҪȻֱǵʵǿǾͿ԰ǲڽ£ΪˣǳΪū
һԱԴ֯аҡͷ
˳꣺꣬˵ֻ߱ԽԽǰ˻ԽԽǿǰ˰ɣȷѡ񡣡
국ҡҡͷüͷ꣬ѵ㲻Ϊ˵˱ߣѵԸΪһߣ
һҲͬⰵ˵
Ͷˣ˷ܵ˵˵ȷġ
꿴һҵҲͬ˵
ʲôȻ
ϵ¶Цݣܳ޲ͬ˵ֻҪͬ˵СųеЦ꣬ʲô
ҵ국˵˵˵˵ɡ
뽫ò˵Ҳһǰ˵ľӢһ˵δԶ֮ʮֿأΪ˺Ͱ˴ڵĻʯ
˵ūԡ˵˵һԱּԴ֯ҾǾһȺ̬߾ۼһγɵ֯
ۡЦ
굹ؿһ۵ʦ֣Цġ
Խ࣬ԽЦࣺ꣬
ǣɫࣺһ£Ƕ˱ūˣʹǵʹ͸һЩǿķǿ϶ӵеôгһճǵӣԣֻܹΪӵڻҡ
ֻҪǾĽΪǰ£һõǵͬǵǵˣǿķ
üĵ˵ǲūԣūѾǵĹԶֻܹūֻǴūСūˡ
˵չ˫۵һҪΪһǿߣͱӵһǿߵģǿߵηģ۶жǿԸҲԶֻ־һһĴȥûиĹԴ棬ǿ֮ĲһˣǧǧվŻгһĳΪǿߡǰ˵ѾǿߣԶΪǿߡ
˵úãҹƶЦࡣ
꿴ҵ˵˵˰ɡ
ɫһҪŭҲҲҪ˵
˵ͬǿߵһζرչ⣬̲Է⣬ԭһΣյ̬
ôԣŭֻҪЩ͸д½һֱʹ
ڰֵҲǱģ˵ûǿ֮ġ
һ¼˵д½Ĺϵͬд½ĹϵҪд½ܶ࣬д½ԳΪ壬ǵΪ
ǣǵûΪӦóΪд½ūҲûΪǵʹ֮ġ
Ǹ
ңǵкܶ඼д½д½ǿǿ֮ġ
ǿߣԶǱҵĲͬ
ҳĬȥҲˣҲѪԣ뵽Ϊڽ˺ǿƣòϳһǿ֮ġ
ҲˣͬѪڰֻ³ɳԸѾŤи϶һҪɱꡣ
˵δΣգ˵δ䲻ңǰꡣ
һҪɱ
꣡һȻ㲻ߵһ·ôҸڶ·º󣬾ڽǸСҺһսʱǰǰۿҲϣۿһṫ£д½˶֪ⳡˣڰˡˣ˴Ӵ˲̤벽ھ⣬һңܹǰ𣿵ڶ⣬ܹ𣿡


1001
ܣ
ͣĻ̽·ڵ˵õĽֻ֣ҪԼܹսʤ˽ֵ򣬶Ҳᣬͻ뵽һĻ֮С
ŶҲܣֻ΢ԥһ±ͷ̶ʵܹ𣿡
Ȼܣ˰ҵʦ
Ҳҵʦҵ˵
ҺԼ국˵ڵиֽ񣡡
˻һҺо׳ǵˣֵ̹ô͸ˣº
Ѹٵд½ķȥʧ֮꣬һˣ
국ҡҡͷʦ֣Լȥɡ
ҵüͷһ壺㲻ȥ
ͷһ۵ķ򣺡ҵļң
ҵüͷøѵҲȥˣ
Ҫ˵̬ȣºС򣬲ҵд½ֵһǻȥġ
вˣĿʢ
ٴҡͷ̸ϣҪǹƽ
˵ʵʸùƽ𣿡ڳǿӲҵĻҲˡ
ǵˣҾҵʸ㹻˵ʦ֣أ͡
ҪǷҪȥأǰһûп֮ǰͷųƣΪԼʵȫѹƳꡣ
㲻ߣߣ
ת뿪ҵ˲˳ǰų֣ȵ꣬˵ˣΥ𣿡
ҵԼץһץ˳ܵĽǶȣͬһƬһꡣĿһ
ҽĲʵ似
Ƭ֮Ȼһֻ̽˽ȥ
顭
һץסҵȻһ˦ҵξͬһһر˦˳ȥ
һٶ֮⣬ҶסΣо֮ɫͬʱҲŨŨĲ

ǲ
Դ̨֮ϺҲޣʦҲѺܳһʱָôͻƵļ
ԴͻƵļͼԼ׵ػܳ꣬ȥҹ꣬ǳȴ뿪ˡû뵽ǵǸˡû뵽׵ؽ˦˳ȥ
ųıӰеս˳
꣬һУ
𡭡
һХХȴǴҿзģʹ˻ʽڶʽΧԪХ
˲͸оԼһֻĹž޸סˣѸٵת˰֮ҡ
𡭡
һХҵΰһ֮ų˹ĿһоһʽԹĻĹһʽͬһԴֻȴ屶ֹ
ǡʽ
۾ղûкһֱЩźԴͻƵ弶֮Ҳƾеһս
úã
΢΢ȻȻǰұͬһǰ
ǳһʽǳ׹䡣
ʱʹǳȭ֮ǰԲͬĳǾǳϴ񣬶ǳŸΪ˽⣬һȭǳ֮¡
ûʹ弶ʵʵѹںһļڣһûʹǱֻǵĻǳȴ˼¡
䡭
ȭͷݺݵײһ𣬳˫΢Σεҵٴα˳ȥַ˰ףһ԰ף
㡭ͻƵļ
ûлشĻƽ˵תһºǰСŵ˵ˡ
䣬겻˿ͣŵķȥѾˣʱﲻ߽뵽򣬵˾ºһս
СһҾ¥ͷڣ˵绰ѾͰϸ㱨ҰľҲ˻㱨˺ͰĲͳԼһֲ˻㱨հͬļƻطذˣºú
վشǰĽֳֵһ˿Ц
꣬ˣһҵС
Ȼ䣬ɫһ߽ͣǼҾ¥
Ͽ
۾Ա߷һֻʱǸֻ𶯡ֻֻʮΨһ֪Ŀɨһֻʾңüë΢΢
ѵûдǸ˵飿
˵ͷͨǸ˴ˣ
ʦҲĶ֡
üëһоâ˸ҵٶȴĿʢ
ʦǳꡣ
ѸٵشһͻȻд½ˣĵǴһСпʼǸʱʵƺֻбͫһֱֳ꾿ʲôΪʲôԳԸһֱĬĬţʱȫˡ
꾹Ȼǵˡ
һ̣޻ɳݣܹԱͫʵڲʮʱ漶ôڵǸܹ֮ͫҲûʲôֵˡ
ֻǡ
СӻǴ󵨰ȻҶǱд½һɹ񾳽硣ڳ굹ʮͣŵ绰ϸ˵˵
ǣ
Ǳߵͬһ㣬֪ϸ㱨Ŀʱһоⱬ䡣һź
Сӣõ
ʵҲһȶģҲҪȥ̽棬ֻǼ縺֮λ縺ػд½ΣһҪҳΪһ죬뿪д½̽һ졣
ֳ˳꣬ӷġǳ꣬ңֻҪһɳͿǰ档
һ£һҵĻ㱨ֻһȭͻңʵѾͻƵļǾ
꣡ҲŹ㣬һ
սȭͷǱҵĻ㱨ѾھصȴʱҲʮֽšʮ־꣬Ȼ˳УǶڳʵȴʮ־ĺߵ˳Ķ档
ֻǳĬ˲Ӿʹ
ңɣҲΪ˴ǰվȵСʹʺţټ꣬͸˵ˣΣ˶֧
ǣҵֳɵЦݡ
ص˵ټ˵߲㣬ˡֻ֮оѹ


1002
ˣˣްԣ
ǵֵܹ
Ϫһô죿
ҪѡһЩӢ͵صĻأһƽ٣Ҫ»֡˵ܲĽִ㣬֪˻ʲô̬ȣҲ֪ԼǷܹսʤ
ѾˣλѾܻأֻλӲϡ
ͷһȥһսЩ˴ŵĸЩ͵͵Ǳд½ɡߣҲ뿪ɡ
Ϫһ㶣εȿ˵꣬ҲӦǵһسд½˺Ͱ˵ǰҲ뿪ҪһȥСҪΪ͡ҲֵãǶ˵һҫ
Ϫصͷ񣬾غд½ײһΰɡ޺
һ£Ҳ֪ЩǱд½Щ˿ɲһˣ⻹ܵ˵ӭǵľǵͷãǾȥһսǵȻʵȴһǿ֮ġһϣûˣûĸǵ˸Ӹ߹󡣡
ǽô죿
Һľµʱ䣬ﵽСźԶľ룬µʱ䲢࣬֯һ£ͫһµ߾ͲҪȥˣҪʱ࣬ͫϵԸȥڶһᵥжǰѡһСϽĵطչأȡھʱʵٽһ
ʱת˲궼Ǻͼһ𡣵ǰд½ʱѾǼĻҲŴ󲿶ǰУûкͳһжǶ֪ÿÿڳ궼Ҫ
Ŀ뿪֮ζȻգСķȥ
弶ʵֻǲʱѾӽС򣬲ûн뵽С򣬶ھСʮԶĴѡһ彵䣬ڷ֮ϡ
վڷ֮ϣسƺͶΪһ壬վĸǰƾߵĸӦ͸֪Ĵڣʱĳͬһɽ塣
һ죬죬졭
ʱת˲վһͬһ񡣷֮ϵҶƮƮ䵽ϡ
Сڳϣڳȥߴߴǵıܶоһˣǵĸогһʯͷ
ǣʱڵǳ֮ȴĬĬԪתţڵĵʮѾϽɫֻҪÿһĵһɹ֮һľͱࡣ
ﾲд½ʱȴһƬ
˺Ͱ˼ͬʱд½棬ͬһʯǧˣд½
˵ǣһ漶ߣѾͳСӮ򽫻Ϊ˵أ䣬˽̤벽
˷Ĺǣ˵ˣʦʮ֮һ˾д½ߣκֵ򡣶Сս
˺Ͱˡ
̫˲֪д½ϻô̫֯˲֪ϵ֮ϻ漶
Ƕ֪ˡǻ֪СϵľлͰ١ǻ֪˺Ͱпνϵ߱ߣ漶߶繷Щ漶ߺܶ඼С
д½ˣڵԭԭ򣬻һԭǳҲعˡ
ǵˣԱͫʵδ½һ·ǿߵ̬ˣһһ֡ڳ¼һһ˳д½ϵЩʮָӡ
һΪĵ˾Ȼȡ˳ɾ͡
ڡ
еϣ֮¶˵ǡ
ȻѾ弶꣬𣿡
뿪ˣѸٴʧڿС
Ͽڡ
Ǹҵ¶Цݡ
Ǻǡû뵽ҵĶִұ˳꣬꾹Ȼǵˡ֪ܹܲһأȥʱʡҶˡܹȥʮС֮׵̨֮ɱ㡣ʮС֮һҵģδҲһҵġ
ˡ
绰Ǹ˵绰Ȼ˵绰ϿϷȥ
ܿ죬ͳһڣվһߵǰʦ
ǸŽ֪ʦһźûгΪʦпͲΪ˫ǣʵһֱ£֮λʱұпʹˣҲûлָп͵


1003
ʦԸңΪһûʦʧ˵ѾʵҲȻ򻹺˿ʼͻõķɳ
˵ⶼʦָ㡣
ߵ˵ʦѾΪ˷һʦž飬ҲȥСۿһ³ʵȻұչأһὫľ鶼ڸ㣬ϣʮСж̳
ǣ
Ž㲻ҪңʵǱǿǰͬһֻϣ㲻ҪˣҵҪСܶ࣬˵ʱҲܶࡣδ˼źܶҪŬ
ǣ
ӳ꣬С˵ʱ̣βĶ֡ԣǰСһҪúù۲ꡣ
ǣ
ȥɣ
ǣʦ
ʩ뿪˱ǰԼı·ϣ˺
ңϣܹĳɳ꣬ϣܹлŰһֻûʲô˼ֻԽǿ󣬽ǲڽ£ǲŹ񫡣
䡭
ϵƻۣը졣˳ϵҶϵС񣬳껺ſ۾ա
ꡭ
ӿн䣬һ̳еתֳһ˿ſеչȥҪ̽ȥ֮
䡭
һףԴ˵һζҡһ£ƾ̽뵽еʱһ׺ֱӺɢľľˡ
ۡ
һѪһα˵ϡʶ죬þͨڵҺ޸Լ˵ľ

ľһ޸޸Ѿڱܵ޸˼֮С
ڸղţƾ뵽еһ̣̲صıŰȻֻôһ˲ͱ飬Ǿһ˲硣
֪˶á
ľѾȫ޸ǳɾһİļʣĵھʽڽӽɾ硣
ˡ
һܼܷɻڿնŵڰСķȥͷȲڣһߺͽһǸѹ˵ʦ֣˵γܹӮ𣿡
һЦϣܹӮ
Ǹɫһ㶣̶м˵ƾǸʵҲڵһѺ֣Щϵоһҹβǻ䣬һɥҪ֪˺Ͱ˿ǵжԹϵûɷŹꡣ
ҡҡͷСԴӳ֮ҾͶѾʧȥȤϣܹӮϣܹسɳһܼį
Сغεͷų֮ɫʦ֣Ҫ˵ʲôңǳ꣬ǸûʮСʸʮСջǻЩв
ܹô˵ЩЩҺͳǿȴû˿вҶûаȤΪͨѾúխеѾˣǸͲҶ֡Һͳ겻ͬرǳ꣬ǱǳһˣԪߵĵطȻܹͫ뵽д½֮ʵͻͽˢ˵ļ¼֤ʮֻ˲˼ΪҽĶֻ֣н˴򵽲гɾ͸С
ھòУ޳ȶӵڶСӵʮһ޼Щʵ״磬˵ȥ𣿡
ģ޳ᶨ˵һǿߣӵһǿ֮ģԲܶΣգȥοϵδ
״磬ǵˣƽʵ
Ȼ˵ǣǾӦûɡ޳Щȷ˵
ǵˣ޼ǰʹף˵֪ǵˡ۳ʲôˣǵֵܡ
ԣֵܣ޳˵
С
˽ʱʱƽͬһͨСĴϡֻʮˡ
ӿССѾΪСΧҲߴŵϪŵѾϵֻûн뵽СΪСѾˣռһطӪأפ
þ̽һǣǺܰȫûд½ȥƣŷĵ߽С
ȷʵûСΪߺϪ֮Ҵ˰ݷߺϪ˲ֵȻһǺưֻǴ˲Ӿȥͷŵźȴд½߲ʱƵˣΪʱ˺Ͱ˵߳û֮⣬Ѿ˴ߣ漶ߡ
꣡
ӴֵĶ߹ʮˣȴǰ޳ʮˣԶԶǿ꣬ŵգգ۾ǿʱĳ겻Ӧñչ
ôܵˣ
һҲһϲӰ޳ʮϵɫܹԼֵܡ
ʦ֣޼ɡ
˵Ű޳ȥ˴ĴŶԷ¶ĵЦݡ
꣬صغý
ϲ¶˿ЦλҲԣһҺȾ񡣡
ҪԴͣ޼캰
û⣡ʹش
Уƽ˵Сܹ׳꼸ǮҪȥƽǺݺݵ׳һ١
ԶԶԣ޼ͷﲻ㣬ֻܹ㿪θˡ
ҪɣЦ˵Żصˣ³дһ١
޼ɵ˵۾һǿ֪кöĩ֮ǰĴ׺Ͱ档ʵĺöкֲܶ࣬˺ܶĩ֮ǰ߲ˣڻֻĩ֮ǰеѾӵʵЩó͡
ãǾôˡ޼ɵ̵ͷӦ
޼ɵţкܶ˵ѾˣӰ޳Ǻһꡱ֮Ǿ֪λд½Ȼ󲨵λ֮һôҡڵڴ˵һֱڱչ
СϵϢͬһعιС򣬲һӵʱ䣬Сϵ߾Ͷ֪ˣС⴫š
꣡
һȴӲԶһ¥ʱڴſվһ޺˵Ǿ޺Ϊ߳ף˾һһ㡣
顭
Ǵȳ̤˳ǰṳ̂ǰһֵĵ涼ʯ䣬ͬһ㡣
̧ͷشŶԷһȻɣȴڵס۽̲ʱܹķ۾͸һ


1004
ȻûͷƣǳҲܹ֪Է漶Ȼܹ֪Է漸ȴһ漶
˭˵ģǰ˵ģ
˭국ʵ
׺ӣ
üë΢׺ӵ˵д½Ҳ˵˵ǵᣬһʵɲ⣬ҲҪͳһǴƢ꣬¶ݣȱ
Ӯ˵أΪֻҪ˵۸ˣͻҲΪˣһΪֹʱ򣬳һߣһƱ㽫ˣ׺ǱӣҲûг֡
ʱѾܹ϶ֵǸ׺ӵ˲ǳˣǳ԰ˡʱ׺ȴʮָȤһûм˺Ͱ˵ˣȴܹԼ漶Ǻ츳
޳ʮѸٵվ˳ߣԾսĻ棬Ȼ֪׺ӣҲҪ׺ӵı¡
׺Ӳмؿһ۰޳ʮˣųȥ޳ͬʱǰһ˳ǰ޼ɵ˵Ҫͳ궯֣ʸ񡣡

׺һ˴ץ޼ɣĴ˺ѣͬһŴһ޼ɡ
޼ֻǰһڣûеȵӦͱԷץס˲ӣһӣ޼ɵͱ˳ȥݺײ˽ֵŵһȴţˤ˽ȥ
޳һݣ·׷һ壬α㳯׺ӳ˹ȥ
顭
ֻǶݵĽ֣޳˾͵˳ȥˤ˵ϣľֻʣ˳׺Զ
޳˴ӵһ޼Ҳڳ˳ǶûǰΪѾ֪Լ׺ӵĶ֣׺ӸղѾ飬ȥͲ֪ˡ
׺ư´ųǳꣿ
΢΢һüͷһ˿ѸɴػܣȻ飬ǳҲʮֲÿҴʱ겻֪׺ӵûиı䣬ǷǵᣬҲѾ˻߰ˡǵʵˣˣ
׺ӵ¶ŭ֮ɫǵᡣ
꿴׺ѱ֪˵Ļʵģһ˲ܷԼݼ˻߰ˡ
һҲһȱ㡣꣬׺һԸûݵĻ˵ܹ뵽漶һῲܶࡣ
ʱĳҲͷۣһ˺շǻ취շΪϵᣬȻ׺ӵԸڵҲǺܻӭǺڵźܸߵһ˹ϵܷ˳ĴǨ㡣ϾǵһȻѡ
ҳʱѾף׺ӵͻȻ־ԲԼԼսȻ֪Ϊʲôǿ̬ܹƲ⵽
Ȼ׺ӵųֻܹ꣬ң㡣Ϊ㲻䡣ҾҪ㣬Ȼٻ
׺ӣ
ʱһʮӰ߷ӶߺϪˡߵ׺ӵǰ׺ӣҪʲô
׺ӿһߣ΢΢üͷߣû顣
ߵüëҲһ׺ӣǵòһĻᣬ㲻Ҫƻ֪ڸʲôڰﰵˣʮǳľ֮ʱʱ𣿡
׺ӵֳһ˿мƾûлˣΪ˽ҡ
ˡ
׺ϵƱ˳ֻƵıͽ߱Ƶĺˣسųȵֻ꣬ǿ߲ܹʹģһƴˡ
ļ۷壡ļ۷塣óЩĿ֪࣬׺ôģѵһһˣ
һг׵ض׺ӸȤ׺Ŀ⾼˵׺ӣܣΣ
׺ŵһЦܣ㡣Σ
Ҫľ仰Ҳ¶ŵЦݵܣ㣬Σ
ã׺ӵ¶һ˿ء
Χ߶صؿų꣬Ƕ֪ʮ󽫻ǳľʱ׺ȴսǶԳ꼫Ϊ׺ǿʵ¾ʤҲҪ˰ɣ˻ܹӮ
뷨˶˵ߣȻҲ˵ߣȴ˸߲ң׺ӳֵ̫ʱˣһӮˡ
ʵ׺Ҳûа취Ҫս꣬ǳȴһֱûг֡ΪֻԼܹ縺ʹܹ
ⶼԼʵš


1005
״磬Ӯ𣿡޼Щĵʵ
˵޳¶ĵǣʮҪ˹Ұ˹˼ɣ²ܹȫʵⷽ˵Ѿơ
⡭ô죿޼ɵǵ˵
ûа취ҪȫԼξ
ξ𣿡޼ɲ鷢ԼϣԼҪξ
漴ֳһ˿ЦԼԥֻҪһԥʵѾˡ
ˡ
ͷſƣͬļ۷壬ûȫչԼʵͬȫʵѹ׺ӣǲǳ͡Ҳӵǳ֮ӵǱؼǿ˵ˣҪú׺һʵ
ʵ׺ӵ۾ҲһУû뵽ʵҲļ۷壬ͬʱҲ˷Ĳһʧ
顭
׺ӵĴ߱˿ͬһ˴ǹһ˳Сһʵˣܹ߳ء
ĽŻûߵ꣬С͸оɭɭ⣬ϵ·˽ȥڳСϡ
һֻڿд̹;У㴫˻ԭ׺ӵĽȻʹһȦϵЬѡ
겻ܹ㣬㲻ǲ㣬Ҫ׺ӾʲôʵҳҪԷҪڶԷóлܶԷķڷ
ҲѸٵ̧˽ţ׺ӵĽ˳ȥϵЬȴûгѣĽŲûʹ󣬷СһȦʱĽŲЬͿؿĽѾ˽ɫ
׺ӿ˳꾹ȻҺӲƴֳһ˿أͬʱҲţͬУûܹסһš
ܹ֮ͻƵ漶ǾΪһɽһߵĲкҲǸߵĲкмһԪռ䣬ԪռһؼⱾؼ֪ϵ֮ϻ漶ҲⱾؼͻȻ漶
Ȿؼ֮лһ似ɽȡʹɽȵһʽ
䡭
ֻصײһͬʱһ㶡ǣһ߳ȥȻûʹǱĿǳ֮ȻûнԷ߷ɳȥԷȻȵվԭء
׺ĿɲǳȵվԭأǴʱĽŴ˾ҵʹȻûˣǾҵʹƲǼٵģԼȻɽ֮󣬷·硣
ôܣ
׺ӽջ˽ţ漴תȱñֱͬһ糵һתͬɨɨųԴɨ˹
ֻҪһɨԴԻһһر顣
絶ն˹ȥʱҶ˳ͷŽĹͬһս
ɽһʽ
׺˲͸о˳һƵһնϣὫȹ˲նϡȻһ٣Ⱥã˫צųʺ˺Ѷ
гţһʽ˺ֲܹ˵꣬Ҳ˳ꡣֻҪˣͻռƣһὫƲջΪʤơ
һʽ˺ֲǵǱؼĻ˺ϻҪɽȡɽֻ֮ͬ޵У˺ȴܹԽսűʵǿһ߶˺ѡ
һʽ˺֣Ѿ˳ȫֱۺȻӳ˺ٶȣѾס˳ǰǶȣΨ˺˵ĽǶȡ
û˾óʱܹ׺ӵٶ̫ˣȫܹ˵رֱͻȻӳ˷ʤΨһķǺˡ
귴һģǱй
ˮһʽΡ
䡭
ĺͬɲΣһƷ·޾ĺ׺Ļ˹ȥ
˻˻
˺˺޾ֻֻͬҧ˳ʺ
顭
һĻ׺ӵϣ޴ָı˷ײϣҲı˷򣬾ʺԽԽԶ
һƱ׺ȫܹͬһҶ۱Уζȶס
ǲ
׺ӵС۷˶ѵ
׺ӵһ֮¿ʼһС۶ѵȫ
׺ӵĿһͬļ۷壬ȥ·һȫֿܹǰ׺ӵ˳ת˳꣬ų귴˹ȥ
βš
һ߳ȻһХǲǴĺ淢һʽ߳˻⾳
һţûиıκʽǸһʽĻ׺ӵ֮˳·ȥ׺ӵҽš
βš
׺Դϴα˴֮󣬾Ͷ˴֮Уһʮ꣬ʮܵع۲ϻ֮塣
˿һֻϻһ߳˻βŵľ衣
顭
ƺ׺ӵҽײһ𣬺˲û˺Х
ȻûʹǳȭֻʹˮһʽΡǿ֮ĳ꣬ǿհѾ˹һʽһ˿Ǻӵİ塣
׺Ӿ͸оԼĽŷ·ǳ֮ϣһһǳǲϵرǳײȻų꣬·𿴵Ǻӡ
ɲǼ䣬ооСһǺӵС
׺ӵӱ˳ȥͬƯһƬǺ֮Уûмģ㵱Ǹ˴ˣҲûоԼСʹ
ûмһļ߻ӵ˵ʵʵ˵ļ弶ҲǶ֡
ôģ
ѵ˵ĵ̣
顭
׺ӵ˵ϣΪǱų꣬һĻĽϣŵ˳ȥһйʺˤüء
һƬ׺ӽŵɳ˺ԶͣоԼҽŶˣȶʧȥ֪ʧȥ֪ĸоӡ
Χ㶵ؿǰһУ׺ӵǱ˫ϸ˵ֻǽУ̶̵زӣѱʵǿ׺Ӿͱ׵ػܣûκ
޳޼ɵ𶯣û뵽꾹Ȼôǿǿóǵ
ߵǳӣ׺ǵĽȻ׺ӵԸЩģȴ޷ǵĽ
ǡ
ݽȴ÷顣

߳³һиֳһͷڻ׺ӵǳ꣬һķ飬ȴһ𡣡
ϪʱѾͨ죬һֱ˵д½͵ĻԻͣȴûмд½߽֣һοȴ˵ĻԻ͡
ų꣬΢΢ͷ¶ͣ૵СӣҪУúóɳֻܹҵУҲڽ¡


1006
һشǰ·ֵеĳ꣬૵ֻļԽԽڴˡ
껺ߵ׺ӵǰʱ׺Ѿվһֻ֧أӱЩбҲƤѪģڵĥġоʧ䣬ߵǰĳ꣬ɬ㡭ûгȫ
ţͷûһ˿·˵һʮͨ飬·һƽ׺ˣͷ·һֻӬ
׺죬¶˿Цвסص૵ûгȫûгȫ
Ȼһ˫峺ų΢΢꣬׺Ըߡ
׺ӱߴˣΧҲɢȥͰ޳ʮ߽һҾ¥
СΧ۵ĺܶ˶漶ߣǵһιۿ漶֮սսǵĳǼؽĴš
Ͼ׺ӷսͻȻнúܿ죬̫ľסС֮ûп
˵İֻ뵽֮ųȥٴγȴ˸ߵߡ
漶
Ȼļ۷壡һǽһļ۷ܵļ۷塣
׺ıˣ
С֮һӪأһӪأ֧׺ӵһȺߡ׺ȻûͳһᣬȴҲۼһȺᣬЩǾۼ׺ΧһȺߡ
ʻȺг׺֮ʵǿˣ׺ӵõܡ׺Ȼ˳꣬Ǵڻ֮Уܲ˵Щ֪ͨ
֪ʲôʵļ۷ʵֵܸߣֻ˳꣬ٻͻüߵȻ󽫵һ𣬴ڵĻԻ͡
ǡ
Ϣȴ׺սˣôܣǲҥ
ʱĸˣ֮⻹ɢ֮ߡǶ׺ӵ׷ߡ
ΪҲ׺ӽǸؼҲڸҲʮͻҲʵȻûн뵽漶Ҳϵż۷塣
˵׺Ӵ粻սˣһ˳ꡣ
һľߣ̨Ķ棬ȻĲ׳ȴͬһʵˡ
꾿ʲôʵѵʵ弶һĴ׳ʵ
˵Ҳļ۷塣
һ´ȵֺͳ֮ıȶ̫ͻȻֳܹۿͺˡǳûˣ
ûУ˵˫ֻǽУ׺ӴͰˡҡƺ껹ûоȫ
ûоȫ𣿡˫Ŀ˸ʲôط
ߴˡ
ĿһߣȻҰִߣ
˵׺Ӵˣߴȥˡ
Ȼվ𣺡ߣȥߵӪء
һҾ¥ķڡʮҵԶ˵м輸Ϸ豭һ豭עˮ
˫ֵ̥ܣųǵܵܣŶ̷Ǹ硣˶ǰߣ̷޼̷ܵܽ޵Сڰ˵ĵλֻ΢ѷ
̷޵з²˲豭Ŷĸ磬ʵڴȻܹ׺֮ڻˡ
̷޼һڲ衣˵̫ˣֻļ۷壬ƾʵĶ֡
̷޵΢΢һµ磬Ҿó겢ûʹȫ
̷޼²豭ǣʹΣǶ֪ܹźʱֻҲ弶ڣĶ𣿡
磬˵ʲôʵ
̷޼ҡҡͷȥʱ弶ڣ˵ͻȻ֣ͻὫնɱʱо֮ǰСѵ˵ʱѾﵽ弶۷塣
ɣ̷޵гԾ˵
ʲôϡ棿̷޼ֳһ˿ޣеǰ취ʵ
شǰ
վһԺлطų׺ӵһսԽطԽó˺ܴʵʣһѹ
Ϊĵӣһֱǰ˵ĽһֱҲԼΪѾûжĶ֣ЩǰҲ֪ܹ٣Ŀ겻ǰǽͳһΪд½ϵס


1007
ǡ
˳꣡
Ӯһң˭ǰ·ϣֻ·һ
ϵ·޷Զ꣬һδɳ֮ǰɱֻҪˣҲûвҵˡ
ף
һ̡
оԼףԸκˣʹʦ
ָоúͻȻȴʵʵڡΪĹΨҶ𹦷
Ȼһʦ˵Ļ
ΨҶ𹦷ʱħ֣ħǻһָ£ǬĸоָоߵʵȴҲž޴˺ܹȹħὥʧȥ־һֻ֪ɱ¾Ļ
ô
һ˿ãֻ弶۷壬ûͻƵôָо
ҵħǰ٣ǼͻƵ
˫Ŀͷųâֳ˸֮ɫ
Ȼħǰ٣ǾͻƵɣ͸ָоߡ
ȫſԼ
һ̡
оԼƺڼٵر󣬶أӲ񷡣·ֻǵһָͻὫд½
顭
ϵͣ
ˡ
ǰش
顭
޴شȻ飬ϵϢڡ
һӰıǰϲûΪͻϲһ˿ǡȻһ
һȣ·ƶ䣬ǿɫƽĿشĽֵȥۼ˺ܶߣһ֮
Ǹǰ˵ɣ
ǰû
ڸʲôͻ𣿡
ϵϢ
ı
ʱѾָƽתŰʩǡ
ȻŰһڣϣվǰ΢΢üͷҪס⼸顣һ弶弶۷岢ͻƣӲؽʵ硣ڶԭǲ׼ģ֪һֱǳĻһײ㣬ûнʵҶͻƣһΪԭʵֶͨԭ͸һǻΣͻƵʱħͻԽȻȫѣΪҸղŶ䡣ҵЧʧȥ֮ҪħϮֻȶ״ͻƣҷǳǡΪʲôѹͻƣҲǺ˵κͳ֮Ǻʵ弶۷Ļûкʵ֮ǰͻƣ
ҡ
ڰּ˵ͻƻһҪԭǾҪ弶ʱҪ֪ԽԽãóȻͻƵħĴڣܾöʦʧ
Բ𣡡ؾϹ
̾һˣô˵ͻƵǳ꽫ҲĶ֣ɱ֮󣬾ʦȥʦѵϣܹһħȶ磬򡣡
ǣ
ھ죬һǰʩչ䣬Ͳھʱħ֡ɾؽնɱܹ𣿡
ܣ
һڡ
̰Զֳ̰Цݵǰ뵽Ͽʱ򣬲ϵŲʵû뵽ʱ䣬Ȼɳ˵ز
̰пؿһ۶ǲˣ
Ҳ¶˿Цпҡͷ
̰ĿڵҡԴ˳Ϊͽ֮ʵҲڷٵؽѾ߼۷壬ʮѾɵǰ塣
һ˿ʣֳָǣ̰óܹսʤ𣿡
̰΢΢˼һµ֮ǰҾóĳɰգȻ弶ǿ׺һսȻûʹȫ˵ҲӦ弶ȴóֻɰաҲ֪ѾͻƵ
üͷź̰ͬĿΪû˱˽֪꣬ĵ׺ӵĽԶԶûʹ
ǡ
ͻȻͻƵû˰աϾ겻ͻƵŽλϵĲ졣
漶֮Ľλԭͬ蹵һ޴Ĺؿһž޴˵ļ弶֮ĺ蹵ô弶֮ǵҲڽ뵽ʱħ
ҳŵƣѵΪĵӻûе
üͷ˳˼
Ѿ˾ˣžѵʣųɾǱҿʵٶȣ͸ΪкܴļʳΪ
ĳɾд½ĸǾͿԽĩգӭ
ôˣɱˣⲻ˵ʧд½ʧʧд½Ҳܲ
ǡ
Լܹʲô
ֹⳡ
ܣ
˵ܴܲӦԳԸҲӦ
һĪչ
ʱڵ˵Ӫ֮С׺ӵѾҲ׺ӵĺǳ£Գʱ򱣳òضԳ˵ܹ꣬Ǿͳ㣬£һ뿪
ɫ΢䣺һֱˡûǼ֮УǸһᡣǲϧھͿȥҲҪǵĳûǵĳǲ˿ʧǣʧȥλᣬôĴŻõǹرա
㡭ࡣ
죡׺ӳǳȻԳ˵꣬˵ֻҪңҾͳ㣬Ƿ޹ء
΢΢ͷת뵽ԼСոս뵽֮ڣɫһ㶣һڳ΢Цšֻ΢΢һ㶣̶ʩݼ
ɣ΢Ц˵
ǣϥŶ
ųƽ̬¶֮ɫ꣬Ѿ֪ͻƵˡ
֪ͷ
ȡʤİ𣿡
һµ֪
γʱЩԼӵʱ䣬ɫ꣬Ҫ֪ľսҲ˵ֻܹһ˻ֻ㲻ܹǾѾȫˣܹɾˡ磬ĩֻС飬δд½Ҫȥػ


1008
ҡ
ڰֹס˳꣬ҵд½˺͵ûʲôֻЩ԰سƺԼΪ壬ʵҲǵᣬǾǵһǨġ

֮ǰҲȥѾˣĩʱѾûбҪȥػΪȥԵĩʱԴѾѷˣֵáڵûʲô
ҵǽ㽫Ǩƹǿǡĩաд½عϡҿ԰ŵ˴ǨҪԵǵҲǴǨġ
ҪǰǲҪһأҪȥǳ档֮ǰһûģ㣬ġ
㲻ܹҿԽʵ֮ʵӦþܹ
˫ĿȻһţ漴˵ֻҲкҪ֪κΰΪвõĸáʦӦѾ˵˰ɣ
ǣ
ʱھ弶֮䣬ڰʵӲѡҵħÿħǲͬģӲؽʵĸ᲻ȣҲ֪ħ˶ɶ˺УᶯҡĸδŲõĸãҲδҪŬ㲻ܹҽҸʵ
˳˼ãĿüᶨллҲҪʵ
ˣ˵
ǣᶨصͷ
ҪҰʲôæ
һµʲôʵ
ż
ĿһҪͻƵ֮
ֳ˿ɬ꣬ҪͻƵ֮ͱ뾭죬һûв졣Ҫ쾭ôסҿľһ˿ͷ⻹лл㡣
ɫһ㶵ǲ˵ҡһż۷壬ͻֱͻƵż۷壿
ЦףɾҪһǾ죬һľѾȫһ뵽֮λʱֻҪľˣҪкܴơ
ͷ˼ô˵ԼѾ˱˲߱ƣб㿪Ŷܲѹһ򡣡
û⡣ʹ˵ڿʼ𣿡
ţͷ
ã
ͷų򣬽棬һһǱ۾ȥǿ
顭
֮֮֮ĸ֪ӵ񣬽سҵ֮С
ϵѹִ֮ӳüƺ͸һѹ֮ԽǿķԽͬһһ㡣
΢΢۾̾
ǿ֮
ڳܹսһһ֮оܹ֣ڶвܹ֡
ԣֽ֮
֪ԼʱӦˣѹȥƻĶʶһ㣬
ˡ
һɲǣǶֱռ䶼΢΢𶯡ȻŶĳ꣬ǿƵĶ֮ûм
ʶ֮ڣԶͨڵҺԴԴϵҺ˳ʶĶ֮
أоԼƺ뿪壬ſƮϵգһжôգһпʼС
䡭
ԶһӸзڵ
棡
걻ȻţеӲϵײһ֮
֮𣿡
꿴·ӿ֮һ׵ͬ߿裬̲űŰ
ҰУ˳һֿ񱩵ڳڣѾ𾪡
ʲô
ûиҽȥֳ꣬¸˳ĶҲþȥ̽飬ֻƾӾȥ۲ųꡣ
ǲ
üԼظֳһϸС磬Ȼڳ𽥵س֮ϴһ󽹺ζϵ·飬ȻƬɢڵϡ


1009
ǡ
Ȼ˵Ͽ̨֮ϣù֮ҡ
ʱĳѾǳ壬ϴܶϸС׵磬ȻЩϸС׵ųȥǲ֮Ҳʧ۾ԭѾھʽɾ磬ڸղһ̣ھʽ˴Բ硣
ų·
ͷԼ壬ϲֳ֮ɫæӴռȡ·ϣ뿪
ܿ죬˾ԶӪأ뵽С䵽˵֮ϣʶӿȷû˸ٹųղʽʹ
ͷü֮両ϲ֮ɫϲòǽ˵ھʽԲоھʽļޣӦûŵʮһʽ
ȡǳʱȻ޴󣬵ȴû׵һʼھʽϾʹܶϸС׵磬żɫҲý
䡭
һھʽն˳ȥ
ҰУһԥͷųھʽ뵽򣬱㿪ʼġٶҲʼʧ١
ɫһû뵽Լ˵һУȻ׻⡣Ҳͬһ˿𾪣һ˿ɡ
꣬Ѿ弶۷ˣ
ǣͷʱȴû˿׵ػھʽóЩɥ
ɫɺЦ꣬ѾˣϾżҶѾЩˣһӦնɱͨߵüͷͨĲ׼ҽʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ͵صͷһǿ֮ģϣܹջ
лл
ϵعʩһǸл뵽֮УǸлԵ˵ơ
Ȼȥɣ
ǣ
ʧУųʧķֳп֮ɫΪνʶ㣬ؼǽȴ𾪡
˵ƣʵһ֪ԼǷܹӵ

۾ڸղųһĵ֮С
Сķȥг˻֡ԭһʩչ֮Լڵ֮ᱻһաû뵽Լ弶۷ʵȻܹ޹˼ɵʹʽ
΢һ£ܵǳܹ֮ʩչʮء
ʮأȭͷҵҪֵܲܵҶʮ
صԼڣ²˵վţͷųԼԴͻƵ弶۷壬ѾܹչԲʮףȴֻһǳ򣬶ڶǳ
ʮף
곢Ҫӳһǳ򣬵ǳһһҹȴû˿Чǳûзʼڲͣسš
졣
ųһǳ򣬵ڶǳųȥֵ֮ķΧȻСס
顭
һ죬촷ۡ꼤ؿΧû뵽ڶǳ֮󣬳Ȼӵ400֮⣬һܡ
˫Ǵű
Χڷ׷׵ӳһӰǿ˳վڿյ֮ϣʧɫ󾪣׷ӵ˳Χ걣м䣬Ȼܾţǵ϶ܵ˹
û£ѹ¼Լʱûпס
£
˳Ծų꣬ǳֳĶж󣬵ʱȴȫΪ촷ۣͬҳһɢڵϣҪ
ʲô
׺ţɫܲÿڳǰоԼС׺ӵɫҲͬÿ૵ҽֵʱ򣬹Ȼûʹȫ
СķȻûȴ˵Ҫˡ
гڴ
Ȼľ粻ǳȴšǿ˵ԽͬˣҲԽ˺ܶǰȻʱϵĿȴ
Ȼ弶֮ž޴ǵĲ࣬ǳȴԼĿȺܹƽǵϾŸոͻƵӦûûħ
С
һͷ֮ڡ
ͣʩѹ֮ڷĵš

Ƿ
ʱͬһһ㣬ͷɢϵ͸һַ֮⣬˫Ŀó졣
𡭡
䣬˫Ŀһ壬ȻŰѹơ
пʼ÷񣬰ٴκһ
ǰĺĽûһ˿һӰй¶ʱԽԽ٣ѵʱԽԽķһһѹƣϵϢԽԽȣԽԽ
ʱĳһ뿪Ӫأ뵽֮УڴһһϤƿƿ˫Ǵű
ÿһνóֻȴûнٶš˫ǴűƿȴԽԽ
СĿͷڡ
ڰѹ£ļʱԽԽֻվ˸оͬľޡ
ջӪزطȥĥźһսͻȻһһ˿衣
ԼԼӵܹܣҲܹԼĲࡣ
˵ûбʤİհ
С
СĴϣĶһҾ¥ĴšڳͬʱȴŴ򿪣ɫȻش˳
ŶסŲĳ꣬ȻһЦ֡
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵ֡
֮˾Ͳ˳ŴС֮ȥ˵ĽŲ죬·̤һ㡣ǵߣ˵ߣа˵ߣеᣬеˣŷд½ϵߡ
Щ˱ӰĿⲻͬߵоǲмͳӡмΪĳˡ
ˣᣬһȺʲôʸͰ˵һۣӦңȻҺǲ֪ôд
ӵԭ򵥣Ϊһˡ
ǰ˵޵У˵ǶӣĿܹɱ˵ĻʱĳѾߵĿʵ÷顣


1010
ĿȴЩӣ첨Σ֮һ·ʷϵļ¼ǽΨһսܣΪһĵһˡ
ǶԳ겢ûʲôԹޣԭһʵΪĵطҳҲ£˷һжΪܹѹƳ꣬ܵҵĻǲԳûԹޣһ˿
ǣعˣȻǵˡȻЩΪʵĸǿ۽д½еЩ߲ͬûаѵ˵еǲɱġһӵĵȻ߳ôһˣȫܣվ˵ĸ߶ˡ

Ǹ߶ˡѾôƵҪĳʵֻ弶Ҳ˵ĸ߶ˡ
ҪҪĶǰ˵˺Ͱ˵ĵжԶǳ˫Ĺɷϵǣ³ξΪ˵ˣҲǴˣܹʤ˵ҫ
ԣʱǵĿʮָӡ
һ鸴ӵĻеᣬЩᶼԵڶ͵磬ЩѾͨЩ˽⵽ڶ͵ڵѾĵھ
˵Ե˵ʱƵģǵǿƳ֮ǵƱơŰˣػ򡣵ȴǵ˰Ҫд½һϯ֮λ
ǵбøӡ
˵гԺųıӰǺ޲øǵĳ񡣡
Ҳڵ˵ȺУĿȣ޵ɷ򡣡
ŷд½ȴûôֻ࣬ҪۿǿߵĶԾܹսʤ˵Ǿͻȥһѣĵ򾿾ж棬Ȼܹһǿˡ
Ѿ߳Сǲţ˿Ʋͬÿһľ붼·óõһֻҪȥۿµĲüӵʱͻ᲻֪غеһͬ
˵Ĳͬȴȫͬ˶ҪͨԼĲӰԷƵʣ˭·磬ܵ˶ԷӰ죬ϾͿ˵ⳡˡҲ˵˴ӲеһʼҲͿʼˡ
˾ȻܹСнУĻС򶼻ᱻǺ̤ȻҲڿнУĻ˹ۿѡĵصСƽԭ
뿪СǰʮһƬƽԭߵƽԭм䣬໥֣Ȼһһҡ
߳˰ٲͣȻתԶ
ûڵƽԭϿ紵ϵ·죬ЩۿԶԶƽԭϽΧһȦӡ
Ŷȥ²øӳȣݸӿ㣬ڿз
гӰ˺Ͱе漶ǿߣȻڵϵЩҲɣǿж漶ǿߣһϵȥ
еӪǳһˣһǰˡ˫ʱĿⶼ˵ϵˡ

Ȼʶǰûмⲻһ۾ϳڰ˵Ӫһƺ˿ռ䣬˼֪Ĵڣֻǿһۣ϶ǰ˵
ͬʱĿֱӳջأնһۣ˴˵ĿͬʱһΪ˫ܹԷʵԼ֮¡ô൱
˺Ͱ˵Ӫкܶ߶ؽĿ˳ĿѲУǶж˾˭Ц
ղųڲϵĽǶҲˣǷֲӡϾڲϵĽʤ
ʱ򣬵ϵų깰ֵڣ
䡭Χһ֮

ǰ˸ңͻƵһţû뵽һжģ֪ʲôʵ׺ôףʵӦҲͰɣ
ʱˣ˳꣬弶۷塣
Ȼ弶۷壿һôģ
û뵽ôǿ弶۷ҲԶ쵹ܹһ
ʲô弶۷ܹһ𣿡
ʲôһ
ʲôһ͸һѡ弶۷һ޴ǵϾһˮ롣˵弶ļ֮ĲһСӣô弶֮ľǺ󡣡
ûôţ
ôţ


1011
޳޼ɵ΢΢ɫ
״磬˵ǲģ
޳ҲŵҡҡͷҲ֪ЩǴЩ漶ֵĿ˵Ӧİɣ
ͻΪǳӣԱ˴˿УվǵӪУҾվΧɫ԰ס
ͻȻܾһ
Ϊʱ򣬳ͬʱˡȡһȡǳ
ǰ˲ÿһô飬̤ϣݻδĽŲ£Զ߷ֿÿһζһ֣뵽Χĺڰ֮Уͬһڶ˿Ӱ
顭
ǰ̤ǰһÿһµݺɣȴҷɣǷɵ÷ǳɣǷһͬ
䡭
ƴ߶˼£ͬ޾ĺڰųӣʱĹĩյĺڰʵ㡣
һ̣ûбԼ˿ĵƣҪһնɱ꣬õ֪ǾһҲһΪǿһҪ˵߿Ҫ˲ס
䡭
ϵҲȻ˳弶۷Ⱦ˼£ڴһǳ꾭ʼչᴩ˿ɫ֮
ڵ״˲ͬľѾȫı죬ڻûн뵽漶ʱǵһо͹ᴩһ˿ɫ֮һ˿֮ᴩһϽѾżʵֻһ˿ɫ֮ʵ̫ϸóûǸʵҳƽʱȻ֪Ϊһ֮ӵԽսҲ̫ǿ
Ҳǳﵽ弶۷壬ڵľѾʮϽɫһ˿֮ʱ䡣
ʱһóڴ˱ըһ˿ᴩһ֮ó֮γһĴѭóһθоѭ
׺ӵʱûнʵ£¾ںԵʱҲûʹȫűȴʵ£ǱѹեԼһǱȫıһ˿ᴩһе֮˹
Ȼ΢㣬ȴûͣǰĽŲûиı˿ɣֻпϲоԼһ˿ᴩһе֮ԼʵȴԲѷԭʹ򣬴ʱ̸ı⡣
еͰͬʱüͷһ壬ͬʱоϵһαѾѷԾ
ǡͻƣ
ԣⲻǡѵһؼ˵ؼ
˵Ŀ˶Ҳ΢ģб㰵ѵⲻ˵ؼǳԼؼؼǵĴУ
ʱϵҲһ˲佫ЩԺ󣬲ܳʵΪʲôҪľǽնɱԼĽ¡
ˡ
ΪıøӺڰǺڰ۵һҵطڡ
ʱ໥֮ľѾʮס
𡭡
޾ĺڰһųŸչֳ޾ܡһ̣ռøӺڰֲָ
ڰ塣
޵ģڰģ˸ŹǳֻǺڰĵ׺ڰĹ㲩ǹܹȵġ
ڰٵʱһжü
ڰ㡣
ڰŻ𣬴ɡ
رֺڰ屻ʩչ·ĩգ·
֮ûһ˿е΢ⶼʧ
Χʿ˲бȻ̶·ѾʧȥĿֻһͷĩлţˡ
ꡭ
է֣ǳϱҫĿ׵硣ʱ˺˺ڰ˿ռ䣬Χߴʧ˻һȻ
Сʱˣһϣĵ׷ѿ
еĽĿһȻĿǰΪֹûаѳȴѳ
ʦĻٴʱŸ̾Ȼ˵ǰ׹ģʦ˼ҹȻж֮
ֵӡ
һ뵽ʮСȻʱ䣬ʱ֪ɳʲôزһѹ
֮˺˺ڰȾŹ
ȻСȴִŵͷŹ
˺ƺڰúڰȴ
οǳƻ֮
ĵھʽ񱩵к˵һնһôһնľܼɵ
ʱ˵ĶȻһ̣˶ˣû̽һһʼ˫ͱԼǿһУҪһնɱԷ
ʵҲˣˣҲˡ򲢲似Ǹһ⾳ھʽȷʵǳΪһС
䡭
˫ݺݵײһ޵ĺΧʱʧϡԭƽƽԭʼݣѡ
µĴطѳ׵ĺ蹵Ѿȫʧƽԭס
мһűŰҳݻ촷ۣγһɫս档
ײĺѾʧˣǴѵȴڳĿռһƬ硣
ϵ£е߶ס۾һƬ磬ȴŷĻҳʧ
¡¡ĴҲʧˣƽԭһƬž
ҳ£촷γɵҲƮɢ
û˸ҽ͸ȥ۲죬Ϊ±ײܽ龫ˡ
ƽԭмֳ˳Ӱһǵǰһ蹵
顭
ֶˣڵݺһ壬µĵݣͬŵڵ˶еǳ˵磬¡¡죬ڰձ
𡭡
Ҳˣȴûһ𣬶ǽеĳ˸ĳꡣͬһеĳȴͬһֻì۴
ꡭ
ڿһ٣·ǱìضסӴ޾֮䣬·ʱܹеĳԷɡ
ǡ
Ǳȴȹɽռ˫ܵײᡣ
ꡭ
һһ䣬Ǳʼ
йۿߴʱŵ˼㣬ҲҲûɵɫһֱŵȴ΢һ㣬аСӣȻںԵʱ
䡭
ε˳ȥȴû˿Ļңܵĺڰٵػۡ


1012
ꡭ
ν׷˳ȥеǳٴδ֮ɵն˵
о𣬳ôնĵƣ
䡭
һնȻͣ٣һһ֪ܹϢʱ䣬ڵʵϢʱ䣬˵Լڵ֮ĸɾҲܶԷǸʱ򣬾ֵԼΣˡ
漶𣿡
ЩϵһĿɿڴǴδӴģǵʵ̫ͬʱǵҲԼгһܹﵽ硣
䡭
ھŵ
䡭
Ȼ飬ѪĽ
ռĺؼžһƬžΧȻʮˣȴû˿ڴ˿̣ÿ˶鲻Խס˺
ͬһħһվڵһûݵĵطΧݺύĺ蹵
ˣ
˵ĵһţܳĵӾȻˡ
һ֪Ӵ˿Ҳ׷ϳĽŲԺֻܹıӰ
׺Ӵų꣬ǵԵʱûгȫ˼ûôɫ԰ףѡ
һиֳһͷûҾԲĶ֡ҪӵŬʮС֮׵λһҵģδҲһҵġû˿ߡ
ڿпһаС򣬶Լڵľ磬ȫĶ֡
ɫʮѿⲻԼܳӵ⣬Ҳߵǰ˰˵⣬˳Ǳ˳δĿֲ
ɳɳİ˿²֮أ˵ͻᱻ꽫
ǡ
ʱûлɱģվԼᡣ
ˣҲⳡľ֣ԺǲȾָһ鱦Ϊ˳ܹ꣬κ顣˸ҶԸ˾ԻǾͲǰ˺͵սǰ˺֮ս
Ȼ˺һֱĦϣǱսûгֹΪ˫û׼ԣҲԵ顣
ϵ£һƬĬеŹݺĵ棬ŸղųĽ棬һܵǵǰĴ
ÿ˵ж𾪣漶ض顣
̷޼̷޵ڲϵؽ˫̥ݣһ칦ܣܹԾܹ׶Է˼
磬ˡڰ˾ֵˡ
ܣҪŰǵ£ûҲվᳬǵĽ¡Ҫǵǳ꣬ǻᱻѹһӡ
ǡеκһĶ֡
Ǿһϡ
һϣ
Ǹո弶۷壬϶ǳĶ֣֣һ֡
ܹϻǻܹʵǵǣʲôɳ֣ͬ˻ͬ𣿡
취һսʵأɱʱֻҪɱ꣬ڰ˵ĵλܹҡû˳вԸҲ˺ܶࡣ
̷꣡޼Ҫǰ֮ʣȴ˵ǰ˰ɣҴӦ㣬˵һԴбδİžܾңΨһӣ˵ԴбҲΪδԴ͵λֻܹ㣬ú˼һ¡
Ͼֳŭ⣬ֻǿϵʵǳڵǱȴȰ˽̫ࡣ
ǿǽѾȫˣųɾ֮λˣôܷ͸ˣҪںǳⰵȴ국лл㣬ûм밵˵˼
ܾˣ
ôɴؾܾˣ
Ծе߶𾪲ѡ
ʲô
һĻԵ
簵˵δػԴбδػλøǰȴ˳ŵΧʿһ£ԼҲδܹܾջ󡣵ǣȴɴؾܾˡ
кοֻҪܾ˰ˣԸˣ˵Ĵϲ£ҲĴϲ¡Ϊʱͳ֪̽ʶ


1013
ΪѾ弶۷壬ʵҲǺԶԳͷһоǾò˶ãܹĽ
ҳڵľѾȫ죬Լʱóͬ⣬ۿλãֱһͼס
ɫĿ˸ųꡣѾɱģɱ˳꣬ǲζԺɱˡ
ʱӰһ̷޼һ̷޵С
̷޼ЦеŶĳֵ꣬ҪһˣΪ㣬Ⱥк
Ŀһˣʲôˣ
̷޼Ŀ׺ӵϵ׺ӣһѣҪΪѱҺ׺֮飬㲻ɣ
оֳ˼лʲô׵ģ
̷޼ҪԼԪĵʱԼ׺˵²һڰˡҪԼӦս
ǡ
ܹۿŶԷ׺
Ļڵлк𣿲Уһᱻеĵӡ˺͵˾ͻȻ
׺ӵ־һĿ͸¶ŭ֮ɫɵӣҲ̾׶Էͼʲô
ܹô

Գ˴Ԫó־һΪѡ
Ҫ𣿡ʱ׺ȴһƿ˷Լȵ
̷޼ɫһû뵽׺ӻվѵ㲻֪ǰ𣿻վ
ʱֹ̧ס׺ӣ̷޼˵ûбҪôӣ㲻ҪԪľ޴ʱҾҴӦ㡣
һֱû̷޼ǸʵģҲܹɱһֱƽ㰵˼ȻҪˣǾȥˡ
Ǻǡ̷޼ɫûа仯ǿûǸ˼ֻҪ׽׺ӰˡȻͷôҴӦ㣬ֻҪֵܹܶˣǺ׺ӵһʹ
Ŀ̷޼̷޵еɨ

̷޼ûа˼ƽ˵һһϣһȺҲһϣһ˺
ǲҪΧһƬá
ǰȻҪΧһˡ
ҳոպһǳ֮Σ
ǣֲðһֱˣƷͲС

꣡ҷӶҺ֡
ɫ̷ֻ޼ո˵˺Լһ˾ʱһ£漴ƽֳһ˿棬ղſǴһ׶Էʲô鳤ҳսˡ
Ŀ˵ɨԷһ˫̥ȻԷһΪ˫̥칦ܣܱ֮սԼ
ʱҷҪ֣ǳȴŲͬ뷨ǵд½࣬ǿƣǿƵеԼе˼ɣܹҪԵֵʱ뵽꣬һ뵽꣬ͻв˼ɣ˲ܹȫ
ԣԼһ˻ǰˣȻ˫̥ƣԼҲûʹȫ룬ûʹ
ԣתͷҺЦ֣ԸҪ֡ҳϰһˣһˡһȺˣһˡ
仰˵Ӳ˵ѪڡֻԼڵѪȼգҲʮֵġҲԷ˫̥һʲô֮ҳոսһ۴ǸǶ˵ľ档ᶨ񣬱ͷãҿɵСӡ
û⣡ͷ˻ȥ㽫Ŀ̷޼̷޵УǸֳһ˿ǻڵʲôһָԪ𣿡
̷޼̷޵жһۣ͸¶һ˿ϲɫû뵽ϹһԴƵҵİæ
˭Ҳˡ
Ҫٶʱؿˡ
ˣǲǵһնɱ֮ǻ׼ɳ߼սꣿ
ܾһ̶
ǰ
̫Ҫˣ
ǲǳǵս߶ɱˣҲҪϰ

ɫһȴֹⳡҲΪһɱûᡣ̧Ƥһ˵ȻѾӦˣǾ;ɣȻⳡ֮󣬰˲ڽս
˵תĿһ۳꣬Ȩܾⳡһ̷޼Ǵ׺ӡ


1014
ЦˣֻЦг˼
ʱ򣬳Ƴ𣿳ʱѾ¶˾ģһҪ̷޼̷޵ɱڰǰ̷޼̷޵˾λҲ̫ѷսɱ˾ͻֶϲ㣬԰˾һصĴ
Ȼ㲻ҪҾҪʹѪ
̷޼̷޵һӱվ˳Ķ棬̷޼˵ֵ˲Ʊֿȭһĵ
ΧһƬǿҪȳ
ΪɵˣԼó
е̷޼̷޵˵Ŀⶼ˱ӡ̷޼̷޵ȴɫƽû˿Ĳ˼
Ҫ˼
⵱ȻҪʷʤдģֻҪɱ˳꣬һҫֵ˵ġ
𣺡Ѿ֪ǿķˡ
̷޼̷޵˵Ŀһ˵ĻǻᵱЦǳ˵Ļȴ衣
ǺǡЦһó
̷޼̷޵еɫһɣ̶¶˲м֮ɫԳ²ˡ
ҡɵ𣺡˷ϡ
䡭
ΧһƬЦ֮껰е˼ֵƤ̷޼̷޵ֵҲ΢΢˺Σһʱ֮䵹֪˵ʲô
ؽǳΧ𾪵Ŀ˵ҪҾͳֿȭǾһҲܹĿ
䡭
ΧһƬ겻ڼһ֮󣬺µӭսڶսһԼóֿȭغͶԷ˶ս
׺ֻڵѪҺڱӿԭһ֮ˣ˳ԣиѪڡ
ǿߣӢۡ
ûбȵ˸ӼˣȻʵ΢ȴѪѪױȼԭд½֮еı΢ױȼմ֪˭Ȼۻ
񣡡
һĺ
񣡡
񣡡

д½߿ſȵĵˣȻûпڻȴѪ˵Ŀ⾹Ȼһ˿ĽĽ˾Ȼųôһ䡣
̷޼̷޵ŶѾǳĳ꣬иֳ𾪡һһ˿㷲
ѵǳǿĵƣǿĵƲ˫ȭ
꣬ͣ
꣬ͣ

Ȼ䣬д½ϵ߷˺Ȼûнɳ񣬵Ҳͷҡ
ϾʵΪģʵӮǵ𾴡ǲǲܹܵˣǰΪ˵ʵΪ顣ʵǡ
ǶԳûų⣬ϾǶ֪ǵҲԵͬԴֻǻǵĽֻǸͣǺΪ
䡭
Ʊ˳еĲ壬ǳ塣ڵ֮ǳȭĹ켣Уǳֱǿա
̷޼̷޵еоһǸоԼ·һǺӡ·ҪʧǺ֮С
⡭
Ϊ弶ߣĸ֪ǳǺӺ嫵Ǹеѹ֣·˲ͻᱻǺ顣
䡭
̷޼̷޵Ҳƣ̷޼·һɽ̷޵ȴ·һɽ
ּ˵ȴΪ˫̥ԭһķʽںһ𣬸һֱŰĸо
̷޼һֻ꣬ҪڴӦ׺ӽǣǿԳ
üͷ΢΢һ壬Ҳ̷޼սǰȴظо̷޼Ǳʶˡ
˴̷ֳ޼̷޵һУһ
һֱڿռ𵴲ѣֻһóһҲΧսЩǰ˵ѪӵطڣڵƲ֪رȻͳںϵһƸӵİ硣
ȴɽľô̷ܿ޼̷޵ֵܣ
ֱںϵһ𣬻ᱬܣţҲᱻʵػܡ
еκһû⣬һ֣˵˾޴ģ۷ʱڣҲδ˵Ķ֡
ֻǳѹ̷޼̷޵аˣһֿûսƱϾģսʵġ
Ŀ¶һ˿ϧСӵǱޣϧҪˡ
̷޼̷޵˵ںϣ˸ղҡҲ¼ᶨĿɱͬʵʡ
顭
˵Ĵڿһ壬оȻһ죬ĽµһȦƣӡ
һ죬˵Ŷĳ˻˹ȥԺһȭ
̷޼һȭһƬȡ
̷޵еһȭһƬ
ǣּµȻмںˣȺͱ˲ʧˣ·ռû˿
ǡ
ÿжʮں̲űŰҪȵȺͱŰ
˫ϥ΢ұͬһŹڼشܹܶѾಲĳϲһ͹Ĳˣұۻۡ
䡭
һȭ˳ȥĻϵ΢ⶼһҡҷ嫵ĴŶӿĻȥ
ǳһʽǳ׹䡣
һʽһ̷޼̷޵еĸоһǺײ˹
һǳһǺӡ
ǳеˣóǳȭУǳȭӵǳĺ嫣ǳĲɣǳʷӡǳľ񡭡
ΧȻؿſнսˣ̷޼̷޵˱Ѿ㹻𾪵ˣ˭Ҳû뵽˵һȭ
ϸ˵Ѿܹ似ѾĳΡ𾪵ؿų꣬Ҳͬ𾪵ؿųꡣ˵ͬʱһͷһȭ¾ͻὫеľĸɾһûȴشһĳΣǾͬʱﵽ۷֮ĽҲֽ꽫ԼһľĴһȭ֮ս֮ܣ̷ֻ޼̷޵ܹһȭֻ·һ
䡭
˫мײռ·ҡΣŰĴ䣬һߵֵţһź󷽷ˣкܶ߿ѪֻǱһ£ˡ
Ӱˣһ˿Ѫⲻһȭĺ֢ѾܵסǳȭԷܵˣĿͲһԷֱݵܻȻ


1015
̷޼̷޵еĿڱ֮Ѫ˵۾ȴͷųĹâǵס˳һȭǳ껹
顭
̷޼̷޵ڿסΣȻڿһ塣˵ٴγ˳꣬ǵдʱľӦѾĴֻҪڸһȭͿȥˡ
䡭
е΢ҡҷϵƸӵرѣԭֻͬһǺӣʱȴͬǳڱѵǺӣ˻
顭
Ĵڿһ壬һѿ·һըĽºͬһһس˶Էȭݺݵغ˳ȥ
֮Ǳ֮һڱըǺŶײȥ
ʲô
Χ߾ȵſеĳ̷꣬޼̷޵˸𶯣ϱɫֻ˲䣬˵оһƬᶨ
ֻҪٽסһȭ
䡭
˫мݺݵײһײѾﵽ۷塣
У˵ٴε˳ȥȻ˴ʱĿڱ֮жѪǴʱ˶ڽȶԼҪһԷԷϢʱ䡣
顭
ͬʱ˫ȶסΣŶԷٴγ˹ȥгս⣬̷޼̷޵˵Ҳ˼㡣
Ѿǿ֮ĩˣֻҪڶסһС
˵μٵؿγȴ˫ȭǺ̷ֱ޼̷޵С
ž
̷޼̷޵еֻһ𣬸һֺֻһȭһȭӵںϺ
˵о㶼һݣһȭԳڵʵ̫ˡ
껹ʣ¶
ֵܹ
Ͱüëͬʱһܹظо˫˵ǿ
̷޼̷޵˵ںϣÿһڵתὫǵһδʱ˵׶ʮֲֿһѪһ԰ס
ʱڳһУһ˿ᴩһĵɫ֮ڲ죬ÿһβ춼һδ
˫ֻȭͷײһ
оҵ𵴣֮߿ڱѪֻյôһѣϵʿһηˣûлԵԴҲ졣
˫ζڷˣ˫ֱۼⶼڱɣѪ䣬̷޼̷޵˫ĿڱѪĿڱҲͬѪ˫Ŀӿɱ⣬ոȶ̷޼̷޵гɱ˹ȥ
̷޼̷޵ɽ֣Ȱ˵תͬų˹ȥ
䡭
˫һײ
Ȼһη̷ֿ޼̷޵𶯣Ǵʱһֲţ꾿жǿʲôɵģ
֮£ҲǶ֣οոպһѵڵԪ֮
䡭
˫һζײȻڶײղ򵥵ش¡¡֮һδЪһϵصӣԶɢ
߲ϵغˣѾ˵Ŀ̷޼̷޵еӰ¡¡֮ɷ·ڶը죬Ѫӿ
ʱЩ漶Ҳںˣֻ弶ϵ߻ܹվĿλáĬĬؿڿмս
Ͽʼ¶˵֮ɫϾѾսһôȥվ̷޼̷޵еĶ֣ѾԪʣࡣ
һ㰵ҲܹʱųĿ¶Ц⡣ֻҪɱ˵һûв֮ˡȻҲ˳ꡣ
ʱѾ̷޼̷޵ײΣѾףȥհһԼԼ֮ǰ˼һԪʱ¶
ӵǱסˣ
ʦôվ󣬽ʵ
̾һȥջ
ҵһų꣬õ
ʱ̷޼̷޵Ѿʮף̷޼̷޵ҵĺĿһ˳ꡣǼûõ˼˫ȭѾͷųǺӵĹâбȷ겻õһвãвֳһ˿
꣬ҿ㻹ֶܹã
ֻ˲䣬˫۲ףܿ˫ȭͷҪײǾһ˲䣬ͷ˳ȥûͷų˫Ǵűֻͷųİٱ
ˡ
̷޼̷޵ǰȻһ٣оޱߵѹεٶȾһкȥȭͷı˷һдʧɫһͷи
򣡡
漶ĸֶսʤֻһ˲֮䣬һ٣ٶһȭͷôһƫ뷽򣬳ξʹȭͷм䴩˹ȥֻȭͷݺݵغԴ֮ϡ
顭
Դˣʬŵ׹䣬Ŀǿ˰ˣ˭
һжһû˻뵽նɱ̷޼̷޵֮󣬻ս
ٳս˼ʧҲĬȻΪʱǻ֮С
꾹Ȼ
弶۷壬һնɱ̷޼̷޵Сʵ˵ߵ
˳żʵ֮⣬ʮҲ߼Ҳͬˣ˰ż֮⣬µĳʵҲͬ߼ʵ³ͳභľʤ
ʤ϶УϾ˵ʮǰ˵߼ֻǸոռݵĲһơ
ǡ
ֻʤ㣬ȴǾԵʤ㡣
СһһƴҪڳƴ֮£ʧȥʤ㣬ûˣҲ㹻˵ġ
Ҫ֪ʱΧۿĶд½ľӢκϢܿͻд½κһ䣬˭Ҳˡ

ôܣ
վðɣ
ʱȴĵЦˣпĵذȻǾ֮ˣȻСӣҡСӻǲҰԺҪصˡ˵׷磬˵ҲעԻ͡
ͬħһĳ꣬ϵļһس鴤šӵ򣬶ĳʵ̫ˡ
˫֣һһظͬһ仰
Ҳģֻ弶ҲʱãһҵĶ֡
ԪѾתҳ֣ͰһսΪ˳δǺͰȫ濪սҲϧ


1016
ʮҲʱ׼ʮ֮ìܣ˶Գ겢ûʲôӡ󣬵ǵвܹϳδϣѾʵǡʱͬ飬˵ʦˡ
ĿɨʮȻǸоʮĽ䱸Ŀ˳꣬һ˿ɱ⡣
Ǳʵ̫ˣһ˶԰˵вʵ̫ˡɱԳӺͳĳɳٶȣԺҲûɱĻᡣ
ɫһȻ˵ֻҪսʤ̷޵к̷޼հ˾ͲսǼȻڣᣬͲŹ
ǺǡЦ꣬ȷҪǰ˼ս
ȡһƿҩ£Ȼһ䲻֮£Ȼ
ʱѾоԼǿ˻õĳʱѾԲĸоҪսֻвϵսܹǿӡĹԣŲܲ˵ؼս
ˡ
սٶưȻǧ΢͸һ˿˿ڳϣó걳ͬǺӵƸӵغƵ
ɱŨҪ˵ȴס
ֻҪ֣Ҳԡ
һ仰ͲһѪа꣬ˣϷ𣿲֣оɱİûУɱǰ˽춪ӻ𣿡
ǡ
һûᰡ
սǲս
ûлͷֻǾŰһɨо̾һЩߴʱû˿ս⡣״̬ȥӭս״̬۷ĳ꣬ʮʹ߳⻹ô
ɫѿϼһ˿Цݵ꣬ȻҪսȴܹʧˡѾ˵ֻҪӮ̷޼̷޵У¾աҲزֵĳŵɳɡϣһܹƽһս
䣬꿪ڣתͷͺһߣ
˵˸ԶӶȥܿʧӰ
Χ߿ſеĳ꣬һĿ¶֮ɫԶɢȥֻߣ͵ˡ
ų꣬׼ôŵ͵ˣ
һµ˻ʱصɣڵҺһ¡
һµǳҩڻָڵǳ֮֮޸壬״ָ̬һЩһƮԶ˺͵ķȥ
ϪϪŵȷصɡ
ǣ
ֽĿתߵôģһȥ򣬻صԼĵط
꣬ǷĽ˴Ǩ㣿
ǣֻǰʱ
ˣҲ˵һд½ˣ
ǣ
Ǿȥ򣬳꣬ģڣЩ޸Ͳ⡣ǻᱣ򣬶һѵˣǾسɳ
лл
ֿصлȻĿת˷ӥӥѾݻˣҲȥɡ
ãӥæͷ
껰䣬תȥȴ׺ӵĺ
꣡
ס˽Ųת׺ӡ׺ӵֳ֮ɫ꣬׼ôң
һµȷҪң
ǣ
׺ӵʮֿ϶϶д𾴡ʱ׺ӿûһ˿Ľĺ£Գʮ־ҲΪֻڳ쵼£г·ҴĿ˾η
˵׺ӣʵǿ㲻ʺϵһְ̫ˡҪȥ򣬾ͱߺϪ쵼Ըӣ㻹뿪ɡ
Ը⣡׺Ҳ˵ֻҪܹõ͵ܹд½һռ䣬ʲôҶԸ⡣
ãҲȥɡ
ǣ
꿴ŵ͵ɢȥȥʱѾӿߵǰߵĸǰļϴš
꣬ģ
ٺ١ץԴЦš
ųǸģо˳һۺȵװһģӵ֮󣬻һƻСӡ
ٺ١γֳ֮ɫ
´ųջӦòСɣ


1017
ǣһЦʱڲ֮İѾָ˲١
һ˰ɣ治ȫ
ã
ʹشӦ֪ǲİˣ˿Բȥ򣬵ȴܹע꣬κλɱ
ͷ˵³ǷȥŻ˵ķɻͣ
ڷɻϣַ˲֮ǳҩ֮ڿٵ޸ų壬ǳҩҲڿٵػָڵǳ֮
ʱȴ̷޼̷޵нлõıʱѾԼںδȫſңȫԷġ
ĵڣǿǳڻתתͷųһ˿ǹ⣬һ˿ǹԴԴϵس˵ͷ˳žʼת뵽ڵĵһѨ֮ڡ
һ˿ǹ뵽һѨ֮ڣһǹ⣬Ѩ֮ԭǳ֮֮ǰÿγһѨϣὫѨϵһȥȻѨ֮עǳ֮Ѩ֮ȴûĵӵһǳ
ǡ
ʱһ˿ӵڳǹȴڵһѨһӣѨ֮ڵǳ֮ǿӻۣ۳һССĿͷǹ⡣
ų֪꣬ϵı仯ֱ仯о𾪣ӳɢһǿϢȻϢһּȴһǳ֮ơ
ʱȴû˿оȻľ磬ҲһȻı飬ȻһִȻڵı飬̷޼̷޵нֵһĻĻʶлطţǿ˵һĻĻҲ
ųıӰȻһֻ㱣ӳɢĵϢи֪һֲɣĹŵĸоǳǿ˻õӡڽһ뵽֮С
̱۾оһֱĻʽһ˿ɶ
֮ϡ
ɻ֮ڡ
Χİ߶˺˿ΰ˵ʧ̫ˣ˵ܵʧȥ̷޼̷޵оǲܹܵʧһ˵˾ͶϴˣһҲûõóֵߡ
ԭѹһͷΪǵĻԻ;Ҫ٣ǽȫѹˣȡд½ͳελǣĳֽǴԭΣԭ
´ʱ걩ˣ˻ңȫѹưһ
һ뵽ǿƣ뵽Ǳǰжоһ˿սΪһż֪ھ˺̷޼̷޵еļսܹ֮ѻõľȫԳʺԣһõһ
ʱ΢۾̷޼̷޵нֵĳԺлطţһһĻطţԽǻطţжԳԽǼɵ
ʵż۷壬弶۷壬ļǳ걬սȴԲ弶۷ô򵥣Ѿƽ۷壬⻹Ϊ̷޼̷޵еΪߵԭܻɣĶ߼ʵ᲻ᱬ߼
꣡
УԸԸϣʱжԳ꾹Ȼһ˿־塣
ĳѾվͻıԵȻ弶мһǵǰΪѾĳᱻһؿŵųȫһսľ֮һͻƵ
һͻƵսﵽʲô̶ȣ
߼˼
оΣܹоĽŲڲͣرƽܹɱʱ䲻ˡ
˺Ͱ˶ûлصǵפأд½Ѿ˲ΡһսӰڵһʱϴϣվ׷תժһϸؽ˺Ͱ˵ʷ
ԭ󲿷д½߶֪˺Ͱ˴ڣ˺ͰֳôĶҲ˺Ͱ
Ͱڷ³ǵ;о͸˺Ͱ´ָ˺Ͱ˸˺Ͱ˵ʷϣһʱ֮ڶд½֪Ȼ
ͬʱҲ˽ݣʵھ˳ϣд½߶Գ˼ȵĺ֮ģжԵҲ˺֮ġ
һг궼֪ڻص֮󣬳ɳ֮Уɴóڷɻڣ˴˷ɻڳΪ˳Ļ
ŴټڻңĿɨ˾ŴɫʵǶԳô
̰һµһţܹˣ˵ĻԻָտɴ˽ڳ£һܹȥѹưˣ˳ײ
ͷĿԥ˵ûпǵ겢д½ߣǵߡΪ£һ̰˵˳ͻΪд½İǸʱûܹΥǸʱֵ֧ˣ˴Ǩ㣬ǵ˾ͻΪд½ϵϵˣд½Ϊµˡ⻹Ҫģ꽫д½߶ūõ˳Ϊˣǲң
Ҳ˵δؾͲܹҪ֪д½Ҳڶ͵ץд½Ϊū꽫Ҳд½ѡ
ŴһηԣΪɣһΪνд½ҲԵ򣬺͵ᣬûʲô𣬶ǿҲʶһ㡣д½ڶ࣬ѵĻὫд½ߵū಻ǽ˺͵д½ͬȴ
ʵǿᣬǵ˺͵ۺʵǷǳͣд½ȣд½ߣҲҵʩҲֻһ;
һȴôʱܹд½߶ΪūֻҪ˺͵شȻŵ˺͵кһд½߻˥䣬˺͵д½֮ϣǸʱǳūд½ߵʱ
ⳡ۳һ죬˭Ҳ˵˭ûвμⳡ飬˽ֻʣ
˵ʵʱҲԥҲ³꽫֮ơǳǱÿ˽ĩյĻᣬܹػд½ĻᣬҲǰǿȥѰĻԵֻҪ꽫ܹΪܹƽضԴд½ߡ


1018
ʱŴҲֹۣͣĿȴľĿ⽥üᶨĿɨ˾ŴҪ׵ĵһԳʵҲûʮֵİܹɱ
ʲôŴ𾪵
ǶӦÿڶ̷޼̷޵еľУ껹
Ļ䣬Ŵ˳ţǵ۹Ȼܹ껹ûоȫ
ҵ˼˵ͬսĻܹɱġǳҪܣĿǰǷܹʮְɱǲҪֳ֧꣬ôΨһİ취ɱߣ˰ˣǿ󡣡
ǾŴӦܹóӲߡ
ͷĻܹоųɵİա
ųɣֻоųɣŴ
ҡҡͷǲҪе𾪣ҺŴҪΧɱеһ룬λ˼һ£ǸΧɱˣѵûһľͻᱻӵʮɰɱûһ˿ߵϣ𣿡
Ŵоһ
ǰ
ǻλãľûһ˿ߵϣȻп϶ųɻһɵϣӵ
һӵԳʺǱ˺д½һ޴вһ뵽ǵ鶼
˵ڶ㡣˵ĻһҪڶ棬˭͸¶һ˿ҾԲŹ
ǣŴӦɫҲ
ڶǳӵųΪܡ
ʲô
һӾŴˣֳ̰֮ɫ

ȻһŴ̰һֳɫȴӿ̰֮ɫ
ΪѾ֪˵
ŴľһĿ⾼Ƕ˽⣬֪ԲһɨˣҼȻ˵֤ûбܵ˼
ʵ˵ҲûãΪȵż۷ܹʼ쾭֮˵ܣΪڻԵɺ֮£Ѿеľ졣
ʲôŴһ𾪡

쾭˵˾ŴŴ꣬һ겻ѡͬʱҲĽѣȴṵ֮̂ġΪǳʲôؼ˾죬νĳΪܣǿԹĦѾľ֪Ժ쾭ķ
ľҿͼ׸ǹĦǽͼǲģеָоҪģָоȴֻгܹǡʱв׵ĵطҲֻн꣬Ȼóȥӡ֤ȷĴ𰸡
е˶ĬˣʹһҲܹɱꡣΪȥɱ꣬óߣ˵밵ˣƾųӵгɾǱʣΪ֮Щ˻л·
ȻһһӵǱʵˣһѾȫˣܹʮְɱ
Գʣò˶þͻΪǸʱǾͿԳ׷磬ĩգӭعΪĩսٵʱ䲢»عʱ򣬲ЩߣЩͨҲܹӦᷢģͨ顣Ǵ£ǲܹΥ
˴ʱѾȫȥɱ˼ԽԽǵģһΪ֮Ҫūд½Σ
ӦǴɱ뷨˰ɣ˵
ǣŴͷ
ôھоһζԴɡǵĹâΪ˱ԺĲҰͱ£꣬ų껹ûȫǿʱ򣬸ݣĶݡڲ֪ͬд½Լд½һ֣Ǵﲻ̶ȣҲҪǷд½飬δܹд½ߣ͵˹ƽԴ
Ҫô̰ʵ
г˵ֻԳһʩӶݸֻɾ֮󣬻׵ػЩ飬ҪʩӶݣһʩӶݺͶһʩӶȫͬسϵ˵ĵλسϵ˵ĵλȫͬǲҪسϵ˵ĵλСʱǺд½һĴЩ˾ͻظм֮ģϾд½ûиʲô˺֮ǰԵ˵ĳҲд½ҳѾţֻҪǸϣ˻ỹϡΪһֱûк͵˷ĳͻ


1019
ŴһµãʵͬԴǵҲǵˡͬûʲôסҪô
ȣҪд½ߣǲܹԵŵִ֮ġǺϻһ£Ҫǵشǵʷ֪ǵҲǵˣҲԵ򣬵ǵĹ磬ǵͬǵͬСҪǡҪ֯д½߽Ѱȴ򿴿ĵطͬʱҲ֯ǰд½Σǿд½ķ٣ǣͬǡҪﵽЧ벻Ѱɣ
Ȼѣ
ŴЦˣǰΪŴֻҲ֣ŪЩᳵ·ҲЦˣȻ˵ȵд½ͬ˵ˣҲͬǣǸʱǾͰѵڰ˺͵ᣬ˴Ǩ㣬ͬĴشٽںϣǸʱ򣬳Ҳֻܹεؽʵ뵽д½Ϊǲûк飬һжǶģֻҪͬͬˣҲͬǡʱţὫԼд½ˡ
ɻ֮ڡ
Ȼ۾۾һ漴ֱ۾ӳûзԼ巢˱仯ֻǸоԼǿ˺ܶࡣ
ΪԼְĵر۾ʼ̽Լ塣üëһ£ֳϲɫ
ѾʮһϽɫͻƵ𾪵ǣʮѨϷ˱仯ÿһѨ֮ڶһССĹ㣬㲻ģʵģɢ˿˿ǹ⡣ֻѨ˵һС̫Сˡ
ô¶
ЩãȻ֪ЩСǸʲôõģ㽫̽˽ȥһ˿ǸСʱ̸оȵ
ǡľһ𣺡ѵ˵Ѩܹú͵һ
۾ЩϲЩãָ̧һգ޴Ƴóһ
ų꣬Ҳֳ֮ɫ꣬ʲôʵ

û¶Ȼ֮ɫ΢΢һüͷղſһ֮ȴ
Ҳֻ֪Ǿû
üͷ˼һɿüͷӦľȫĽɡˣΣ
һͷſȻֻܹͷŷԲʮס
ͷѾˣֻǸոӵ򲻾ãԽԽǿ
ǣʦ
ǺǡЦĽ̫ˡʦֻ߼ڣѾˡò˶ãͻᳬʦֵʦˡ
ץץԴ֪ô˵
Ϣһ°ɣȻȥ
ͷȴûȥϢǽֻȡ˳һһֱػֻ֮󣬱㲻ϵ˶һҳһҳطţȻüëһ˽Ķš
ŷǳ򵥣꣬ˣص绰
һʱ䣬Ѿȥһ졣꼱æز˵绰ܿǱ߾˽
꣬𣿡
ǣʲô飿
̫ƽǣҽԺϽɡκˣڻԲѡ
ֳŭɫһƽһʲô飿
Ҷҵ˷˳ͻҶҴˣҴߣò˶ãҶҾͻ鵽ҽԺϽɡ
ң
ʾҶҷʲôͻ˵绰ʦмҪȥҴ˾ͻ̸ϻ
΢΢üͷҪСİ
һ²ŵʱӦ벻뿪ˣǸո̷޼̷޵УҲҪȶʱȥӦû⡣
ɫԥһµãȥɡһСģ
ǣʦ̴ӷɻȥûгɻȥɻٶȻûɵĿ졣ųȥıӰֳһ˿ǡ૵ô죬;Ŵûг֣Ӧɣ֪ǻô
ֳ˼ᶨ֮ɫĸҶԳ겻ͲҪˡҲΪԼΪд½ţұӵӦĵλ


1020
̫ƽǡ
ҽԺ
һ˫˲ڣڴϣҺֻɻԲѡڷڻˣһˣһŮˡǸŮһϣһ߲ϵһұߴϵΣϴŻң۾ףһǸոտ޹á
Ǹǽ䣬ʱվڴǰĿ͸棬¶һ˿ǡ
ֻȻڵǸŮӾһȡֻոմ򿪣ʹ洫š
ɫһϲ̵608
Ҷ˵绰ӣžͱƿſڡ
ꡭֳ˼֮ɫ
ڰ֣Ĵǰ͸ɨһ飬ȻεĴǰþɨһߣȻϱֳ˷ŭ֮ɫ
˵ƺأڸܵص˺̳һƾ뵽磬Сȡ䲻֮ե֭Һװƿ棬Ȼ꽫ƿȡ˳ݸ˽һƿκȥ
俴Ǹƿ֭Һ۾һ֪һҩʦóҩһ̽εӷʼι֭֮Һߵĸǰʼι֭֮Һ
Լӵʱ䣬ͽŽһƿ֭֮ҺιȥǸŮվһԣϴŲη塣
꽫ƿתͷԽûˣһͻǵĶϹǽӵҲܺáں˵˵ʲô顣
ʱҲȻкǸŮӹԳܵ꣬λǻ
΢΢üͷֻһˣոʱһ˾ͽСһСƼҵŮƼҼŻȥҲһ㣬̰ͼɫͻŻͷʾ£Ȼǡôһģ
һ۽䣬˳ֻֽ꣬һ𣬵˵ȥҼףҸͬˣԡҾ͸
꽫Ŀ˽䣬꣬СȥСҪΪ͡
ȥСˣ꾪ȵʵôûȥң
ɬһЦǡǲȥ㡣
΢΢һ㶣м̶ȻŽȥʱѾ弶ȥҲ弶ļ
˵ĽҲˣǺͳǾʲôҲˡ˵бԱ뵱ǽκͳʵǲµģֻսˡأ
ѾѾԶԶ˦ر˽˺ͰˣͬʱҲ˽ϵ֮ϻ漶ԱǲԸȥֻ꣬ĬĬΪ͡ǽ췢飬Ҳҳꡣ
ȻǵҲûж˵ʲô
˵һˡ۸ԼѵˡûʲôӦֳһ˿ʧǺܿص˵СʱȻȥƼסƼѾļһڵĵӣͬĻ¡
ͣһ£һ۳꣬ɫƽ˵ڹۿ̷޼̷޵еľ֮Ǿ̳ɻءΪ˵ûȥд½һǣ̫ƽǣʹ̫ƽΡͻԭܼ򵥣һ·ǶǮ֮ҶҶ־ߵһŮҲǼ·óȻϣǾʹ
Ҷ־˭
ҶҼܣΪǺǲǶ֣ܹ֮ӵΪ˼ѵ֮ҸҺҴ绰
˵¶һߵҲ֪Һڼĵλ˵ԼǵĻԼȥ
ǵĸ˵ģ΢΢üͷ
⵹ǣҡͷǵĸڿľ֮󣬻ص嶼չˣǼĹ£ҵ塣ԡԡҲŸ˵绰
ͷллҴ绰֤㻹ҵֵܡ
˫ĿһȣܾҶѾҵҽԺʱĽһͶ·ĸоʱ˵ǵֵܣýһҪ޵ĸо
Ҷҵ𣿡국ʵֻ۾â˸
ҵˣŭ
ŭı飬Ŀһô˵
ǡ
顭
ű߿߸˴ӿ˽мһͬһ߽˷䣬ĿɨͻȻ˽ϵʶ׼𣿡
꽫Ŀ˽䣬ʱƽųվһж⡣
֪˵֮󣬱ûٶ֣⳥һǧʯΪʧѡ
һǧ򡭡ʧѣɫһ㶣أ
˵ǸΪֹ
Ҷ־Ц֪ΪʲôһʱǾҪȥǵļ壬Ǽ棬ҲͻӣһǧҲˡǣһʱѾȥˣǵļûг棬˿ҺͽҸûаǵһ¡ǸǺЦˣ㾹ȻǳĵܵܣӦýгŶԡûʲô˵ˣһǧóɡ
üͷݣҪԼ飬»д½пϾҪѵ˴Ǩһѹ˵ӡ󲢲áת׶Խ̫ƽΪһǣǸʲôģ
ϵɫһ̶ͣЦǲҶҵ顣
Ҳ¶һ˿ЦǸ綼СʱǴ߹
Ҷ־ٴοЦָָų㲻ĸɣ
ǣصͷ
Ҳ˭ֻҪ㽻һǧ򡣸Ͻأҷ𰡣ҪһԼ¡ʱͲһǧˣһС
һ¶һ˿Цݣ֪ѾҪˡ
ȴٴסеķŭ֪ʱǱд½ʱˣǸʱԼЩ˴Уд½ҲֻΪԼͣеִΪĵˡ
ջǳ䣬
εֻͨ˵绰֮Ҫ˳ǲвǡҽԺҽн䡭ã608䡣
˵绰ϡҶ־Цؿ˳һۣҲһ£վˡ


1021
ʮӡ
߽죬һȵ˭ľ
ңվ˳
ȴҲûд䣬ֳ֮ɫƨƨߵܵҶ־ĸǰҶүô
Ҷ־ų꼥һЦЩвң˾ʧҪ⳥
Ǹֱ׶صŽȵôĵӣȻвҶүϽѾʧѽҶүȻһᾯ֡
ȻתҶ־Ҷүģ⼸Ҵؾ֣һúʰǡ
ãǰ;Ҷ־ϴЦ⣬Ǹ죬Ǹͬһ˽һͷĹһ㡣
Ǿ참˵
ϻѵô참Ҫָ㣿Ṉ̀׶ĳų
Ҳ˽
˭˵û˽⣿ղҶүѾ˵ѵ㻹飿
ȻУ국˵䣬Ѿ˵һ¡
ֳ֮ɫԵ˵һ顣˵֮ǸЦһ˵ʲôҾʲô㣬ǲǣҪҲҪҶүġ
Ҷ־ųô˵ĶģҳϡʲôãˣóһǧȻͽȥһۣôˡ
ˮǸȵ참Ľ
ôôϽҶүĻȥҽǴؾ֣ǻҡ
국˵㶼¼𣿡
ԭҶ־һʱ򣬳ûֻ¼˾ʱʣӵ˵¼¼ˡ
Ǿͷϰɣ
Сӣң
Ҷ־ûʲôӦɫͱˡαŻ˹ȥҪֻ
˫Ѹٵ߾һǲֱۣ֮Ǿͱ飬ҵʹ۾һͻ˹ȥ
ĿҶ־ڵ˲併Ҷ־͸оԼһֻоһ
ŭӳɢ˳ԼֵܱˣԷȻܵľ쾹Ȼ㡣Ѿʵϣ޹˼ɡڽЩлߴвûеһ¶Ϊһ漶鵽زԥԺҲоˡ
䣬ȥסſڣ
ã
˺öˣгеķŭ˳˫ȭһգ°ֱ죬ſȥ
Ҷ־ݵĳԾ֮󣬱ؿЦһЦһ߰ڰ˷ŽȥȻųСӣΪһܣˣһȻΪϮͽ
һ˵ţҶ־һߴվų˹ȥ
ߣ
һһֻȻ˳ȥ
ǲ
Ҷ־Ⱦȫ飬ź󷽷ȥȴĴһץ˻˫Ѹٵƶǲ֮ڶֻǲӵʱ䣬Ҷ־ȫĹͷͱ÷飬ͬһ̯һ˵ϡ
Ҷ־˴ˣͷһų˹
ǲǲ
ԳľֻǺǼߣͬһ㣬˫Ĳʵ̫ˣֻǲһӵʱ䣬Ҳͬһ˵ϡ
վſڸûгֵĻᣬؿų꣬ٿڵϵ߸ˣ߸Լ޷ڳȴСͬϡ
Ǿһƨ˵ϣС߳ȫ޷ʵǿͬһ߸ڳȫûеֿ
߸˵ÿҪضˣд½ߵ磬صҩ߸ҪָҲҪʱ䣬Ҳָֻܹͨ˵ĵزҪҲǲܣȴҪԴǲ֪ļϲΪͶôԴˡ
һĺڲ𣬶ʱ˹Ȼܹ´ǿ߸˵Ĳ״βЦ
Ż֣Ӿһ£Ȼӵס˳Ĵ֣΢΢һӵʵˣ
ţеصͷ
תͷεоô
ܺá
¶Цݵ˲أұ֤ڶʮھ
˵϶ֳЦݣûǣǻֵܡ
СӣʱҶ־˻㾹ȻҴң㾹ȻҰҴ׼Ҷҵŭɡ
ҶңһֳɱҶҸˣҶĲ£ҾͰҶҲ˰ɡ
硭
ͻȻһ˵еֻݸ˳ꡣӹֻȥ㿴ǻ¼񷢲ȥվʱѾʮһָ
ǿҶҲΪ壡
Ϊ߹
ѾҶѰ·
յȨ

ϸֳЦݣֻ˻ȻԽҽ̧ȥ
ÿӣҽվĻһѷӿ˽˵Ҷ־Щҽˣ뵽Щ˶ǱģҲʵʵؽ߸̧˳ȥơ
꣬ллǰ˵
ڰ֣һµ黹ûꡣ
ɫһͣȻɫٱ䣺˵Ҷҡ
ͷղ¼û¼ңҶôܰݣһͻϹţоҲ
⡭ִˡЩĵ˵
ûʲô˵ġν˵Ȼ˼һµ䣬ΣǼû᣿
εһӾļ岻ҪҲգ壬ʡµʱ򣬼岻ǡǼµʱȴס
ɫԥڴϵȴ˺ˣҾͻ塣ԺҺҰϵûС
ҲʹصͷҲ塣ҽ뵽֮󣬼ûиһԴ˵ʵЩ궼õĳǵǳҩ
ˣǵǳҩõò˰ɣ
ţͷ
Ѱ˼һ£ʯӵǳ֮Һ黹ǱΪáǵҪȥǳˡ
Цǳôң
ʵҲѡڲϵ˵ֻҪϲЩطʯȻЩطЩطδضǳޣһСǰΪǵʵͣʹ֪ǳޣҲȥгڣֵ
۾Ҳһϲͽˣڵͼϱע֮󣬽ͼңҳЩطתת


1022
ʱҵĽŲһȺſڣǹָųȵ
վֲֻڿ㶵ſȥЩغˣ߳˷ţһȵ˫ֱͷ¡
Ŀȥһٶ죬ھĺ滹ߣֻǱ쵲ſ塣ǰǹָľѾƵɣ참
Ƶ͡Ǹ췢һЦƵѾɾȥˣ͵ΰɡǱİɣ
ҡҡͷĿӹЩеǹǸ߱ǹԺǼ߻Чϵ߾ʧȥЧ͸˵漶ǿˡ
ЩλѾˡ
䣬ĴֳſһץվǰǼ͸оһеĸ߱ǹֶɣųȥ
ֱַֻסһ֧ǹ
顭
һǹųǰĽŲ𣬴ӵһץץһ֧ǹǰһ쵹ȥÿ˵˫ȶһǹ˫ȱʧȥ֧ŵӵȥ
顭
ľҲǹˣֻǵӵڳϣҲǸ·һԳȴûа˺
ӵʱ䣬վľ춼˵ϣ涼һҵĺ
ʱڳĶվһȺˣЩ˶Ǿ죬ҶˡΪһų꣬ĿͻȻһ䡣
ǳꣿ
˭
Ǹ˵ɫͱÿɬҶˣеڶҶ־ۡ
ľ㶼˽˰ɣ국ʵ
˽⣡Ҷ־ȡ֧Ʊˢˢдһǧ򣬵ݸ˳ҶҸľʧѡ
¶һ˿ͣҶ־ۻǻ飬Ҷ־δˣҪһǧ꽫Ҷ־ˣҶ־һǧ򣬾Ҫʱ
꽫֧ƱݸĽ䣬ȻҶ־۵ʱǵĲҵĳַѰɡ
˵֣Ҷ־۹ϵ˵ų꣬źܴѹһ漶ߣ߽ߣ⽫ҶʱݺݵҶ־޲ûصҶ־ԴҲĳࡣ
һڰɣ국˵
ã
Ҷ־֧Ʊдһڵ֣Ȼ˺ݸ˳ꡣӹҶ־۰ڰֵѵЩߡ
ǣ
Ҷ־۰ڰ֣Щ߹ȥЩȥʱЩʹҷһ˿ܿȾһա
ص˲ӳ˲Уÿճ˸η²֭֮ҺҲһƿÿճµʱ䶼ϣȻһŵͼϱ־йʯ׹ĵطǿʼĬĬ
ȻĵһϽɫµľͿ˺ܶࡣʮʱ䣬굽۷壬Ȼֿ߲ͨĹؿϡ
Ѿͼʶã˳ꡣ꽫ĸ˷ڵķɻȻ˵ķȥ
ЩӣҲżȻǵصд½ʷԵһжõķ淢չѾ˾Ϊ˵˴Ǩǰ׼д½ͬˡ
ȻϵҲͳһģҲŷ˵ԣһˡҲһãĨڵ˺͵ᣬɸд½ȫ֮Уóĵǣֵ֧˵ĺѹ˷˵ĺⲻó̾˵ʵȫ£Ч
ǣȵصˣȴһʮֲõϢ
ǰ̨ˣѾռ˵͵ڰ򣬴ʱ
˴ʱ˲٣Ӷǰ밵սֻʮû뿪ˣΪݹһϢֻҪʮ֣Ͳ֡
굱ʱ;ЩףԷֻʮΪʲôһ֣˾ʹ
Գ⣬ֻܹЦҺͰʵ൱սֻܾˡ˭ûɱԷİգֻʣһǲµģͺñֻʣһˣҾͿԺ޹˼ɵ԰ˡԣûаսԷɱͶжǣҪɱԷͱӵʵΪ񶼴ﵽż۷壬ҪΪ̸ס


1023
˵һµкܴĿܳɾһʱɣҺʦ㡣
ҡҡͷԼ֪Լ飬߼ĹؿͲǴ˾ܹ顣
֮дֲͬŴԵԳȥǳĳ·Գһµ㻹Ƚд½ľϸ˵ɡΪʲô̶̵ļʱ䣬˾ܹռݵ͵ڰ򣬻ǼȻռĵڰûԵж
̾ϢһҵĴһֱѳɾҪ֮£Ҳͬһһչ֮ءȴһֱ͸ںܾǰǾڰƵĵ͵ڰͻȻ֮£Ȼڼ֮ռ˵͵ڰǰѾ򣬵ûԵжǵĿľȫռݵ򵽵ڰ򣬺࿹
ɫȻ˵ֶηǳز̣ռ˵͵ڰ֮󣬶Щȫɱ̵ֲȴǸЧģĵ͵ڰѾǴ󲿷շŵԴԴϵߡ
ǵһ򵽵ҲȫԱڵս˵Ľ
ڵսңڵڰս־Զ
ڵ͵ڰǵ˱Ƚ٣Ҫɧŵãð˲ҽеıеĵǾܹȫռ죬Ȼŵ
ǵսΣ
ȻռƣƺС̾һΪһ̫׼
˼һµҾȥڰ򡣡
ų꿴һȷ
ǣȷ
꣬㲻Ҫ嶯ֳ˽֮ɫʵȥ̫ΣˣҪԸ㣬ûĿܡ
̵ɫһ㶣ʦ˵˫ս𣿡
ﵱȻᰡһɵϵģųһΰͻȻսΪ㡣
Ϊң𾪵ֿ˿
ɫصصͷóЩ־壬־ǰȻΪһ˶һսһֲʵĸо
Ϊʲô
̾Ϣһ꣬㻹֪Լļֵж󡣡
֪ɫҲƺȻ
֪ͺãͷ㾭죬ųɾܻûð֪ӵطֻ֪Ǳ԰ɲɳܵΣ㺷Ȼս
Ӱڼ֮ھµ͵ڰΪⳡսѾ֪׼˶ꡣĿܹռݵ򵽵ڰܹ࿹
˼ȻܹϢؿ˵͵ڰֻҪٸʱ䣬ǾһܹٿƵ͵Ϊ֮ǰ˲û˿ķĻǸʱ򣬰˾ͻڶ̶̵ļȫռݵ򵽵ڰ򣬶ôѡ
ǣûôǰսûһشɣԲôôΨһһԭҪȥȻնɱ
ΪѾǱٸ㼸ʱ䣬ڵ͵İŻûоǿѾΪĸ֡Ǹʱ־նɱĿܡźȻⳡսԲ㰲ȫĳɳȥ
Ļ԰Ҳ˾֮ġһ֮ˣһоΣգ͹ϷԼļƻȻսʱѾɣԼս֮ϣǰԻԼ׷ɱ
ǡ
Լܹȥ
˵Լľľ磬ҪԼֲȥѾռ˵ڰİһԵ˽Լ֡ǸʱԼˣҲװһ˺͵ᡣ
ɫرƽʩһȥڰɣ
ܹ뵽ģȻҲܹ뵽촽䶯һ£ͱսֻͣǽĿ
¶˿Ц꣬ĶôҪ
ǣɫࡣ
ҿȥļ˽ӹڵ
껺ҡͷȴᶨ
꣡ͬĿЩˣ˱Ҳûϣֻţ˲ϣµʣ²˶١
֪ͷǣⲻӱܵɡңһѡȴҲ֪ҵľ᲻˵ɾֻһ棬һľϵͻơ
ֳΣóľϳȻˡ꣬㿪ʼڵڰ֮ǰҺʦǰ򣬰˽ӹɡ
ã
γûκεԥϾ˽ӵлǵҪȵ̫߳ࡣ
ܵ뿪ˣʵ˵Ҳʱ䡣뵽֮󣬳ûԼ٣·Ѿϣܹڵѡһ˽뵽ˣֻ˳ʮǴӦʮ˿Ժסһ𣬲òμ˵ĿˣҲþʲô
ĸĸСӺӣԶߣЩҲû˿ԥܹͳһһֱǵ
뻪ĸĸ˳ͲܹǿˣҪǵĸĸѡڵ򣬶ѡˣΪһǲϵԼʵҲûиҶˣ֮󣬴Ӽѡϼѵ߸ǰˡ
ϪˣѷʵǿĶʮ˽뿪򣬽뵽ʮʮ˸ǵˣֻ׺Ӻǵᡣ
꽫ｻҶɺߣзӥˣ֮Щд½ȥΪЩ˷У٣ǴӵڰϿշɹʱϢܿʹ˰
ͷЦ
װΪʲô꽫˴ӵӹϢ˿ģЦ価ѯʵ񣬱Це˵꽫˴ӵӹΨһԭ׼뿪ˣ뵽սսǾлɱꡣ
ǡҪҪȥļ¾ȵ
ӣЦõ˵ͬȥļƾ𣿡
¾һһۣ˵οļ˶ҲûʲôãֻҪȴ־ͿˡѶ򣬵͵ڰע꣬һ֣̻ر
ǣ


1024
УԳС״̬Σ
ǵ״̬ǳã
ӱȥһ˿ƣѡڰгҺ֮ʵǿʮˡʮ˶۷壬ÿ˶ԭģǰδϣȥɱ֪꣬ǻǸɱ˳꣬ǰ˵δûԻͣʮˣǰ˵ʧʹˡʮ߾δ˵ĸ߲㣬ʧ𡣡
ǡǰȥ
ҡҡͷܹΥԼòҪΥԳСܹɱһҲֵãֻҪû˳꣬˶ǰ˵в˲Ժ˳ˣҲ˵ġֽɱضǰȻ£ܹĻҪ⣬Ͼǵۺʵ˻вࡣ
ˣ
רŻһ򽻸˳꣬øĵˣ꽫ǰ֮кǽʽȻֱһЩ֣뿪ˣŵڰȥ
ڰ
³ǡ
Ӱ˳ǰһɫϴһңݣųȥ
֤վſڣһһӺ棬һǰ˽ԼоƬóǸŵϿһۣȻ󻹸ǸˣǸ˱߽³ǡ
ҵ˾ǳ꣬żܣϲֳһ˿ЦҪȥǲˣӿзɽȥҲᱻ쵽ӵص׽ȥ
ʲôݣ
۷壬֮ǰڵصȥ
ҡҡͷɾشųȥ뷨ڰĿģһǳ׽ҵڰðûĻᡣڶӴֲлôԵѰͻ߲
ȻܹȥǾӲɣ
˾㲻ؼڶųſ
֤
һֻ֣ץǸӰϣ΢΢һ
顭
ǸͻһƬ쵱ʱˣ
ʲô˸ô󵨣£ѵ˵ߣǸСӳų꣬˵㡭־Զ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ־Զ
ǸСӳ³һˡ
Ȼ˭˵İɣһӲС
Խ˵Խֱںǳꡣ
ʲôˣﵷң·һҲһѡ񣬾ͶˣΪ˵һӡˣͶ˵İɣ˵ݣȻҴȥҵĳ١
ҽг꣡
гꣿţ˵ĿġʲôǸһӱų꣬ŵؽͰ͵˵㡭ǳꣿ
ժ˶ңЦͷ
ಡ
Ǽ˲Զ˳꣬ſڽǵЩҲĬĬغɢֻĿ˼
ڰӺܲù˵ʵ̫̣ȫһָѹߣÿڵڰ˶·߸˿֪һͻᱻץ˴ܰˣȴҲ֪ǸڶʱǸΪھۼڵˣڵڰֻλʡ
ˣԳʵȫֵܹһ֧ߴŵ˵һ˾ͿԽ³
ģϵЦſЦе˵Ҿǳꡣ˵˵˵ҪҾǵ
ڳܹһٶˣʵǿǸشʮָɴϣû˿ĳɡ
ⷴóɫһ㶣˵ôûй𣿾һɨǰľֻǼ΢΢һüͷ㲻ǰ˵ߣ
ǣȻǣǸذֵԭ³ǵľ죬֮ҡҡҾͶˡ
ɫһȻӦ¶ԷСɫҲôڵһ壬´һƬѣγųķȥ˲ʧȥӰ
ǸųʧķȻһаȥˣ
ѽų֮ĶӣʣµǼˣҲ˾Ȼ˳š
ſڵЩ㿴ңҿ㣬һĿ֪˭źһɱ˵ˣ
ɱ


1025
ʱѾ˳Ĵſڣ˹ȥ棬ֻ˲ȷһʮߣΪ͵ϵż۷壬ߵ۷塣
ʲôˣſڵİ˸վڴſڵĳ꣬һȵ
䡭
һȭǳȭڶʽȺ˸
һʽȺʽǺ˰˸ߵ壬źߵΧǽ飬޴ĺ쳹
ಡ
һٶӰȺӳһȴʹڷӶΪ׵һȵʲôˣ
꣡
ųһȣһٶȻôĳȻʧˣһǺӣǳǼ·һƬ
䡭
ûһ˿֣ʵȫȻûжǱǺ嫵öһٶϢ
ʱڳۿ඼ڳ鴤Ȼڳ󣬿ǳıӰûֱĹһ̣ıӰǵб˸ߴ󣬷·һǺӾˣѹȸ³
顭
һٶ˲ͬʱ飬ͬһٶڿţֻŵĲǻ棬Ѫ
¡¡
¥ڳһȭ֮±ˣʯɣҳ
ಡ
η˸߿գӣܿ³ǡ˵˶ǰһƣݵľܿʮߣɢ³ڵİߣʱųķ
ಡ
ӳзɳʮɽڳľɢɳڵʮ߼ȥ
ԳʵʮɽٶѾ˹٣δȿɽӰӣһɽӹǵʺһʿȥ
³Ӷȥֻ˲ʧټһ֮Уϥĳ˫ۣһԪָ۷״̬
ڰûаҪȥ־Զ˼ȥ˵ڰ֮󣬽ȡ־ԶΪ˵ڰ죬꿼ǵԼжӾԣҪ֪ʲôʱͻ־Զһ𣬻Ǵѡ
˵ڰϢɿر˰ֳЦݣضߵ˵ɱСж
ڰİ⼸һֱڼȿ־֮Уͬһڵڰÿһ֮󣬱ǿеİߣȻѸ뿪ֻ⼸յĹ򣬳͹Уܹİٰʮһߡ
ǡ
뿪֮󣬲һӵʱ䣬ʮ߼Ⱥŵĳÿ˵϶ʮֲÿ˸ŷŭ
ʮǰ˵ԳС飬ÿ˶۷ʵÿ˶ǽ뵽ڰʹնɱꡣ
ʮ˶ͨ·ϵƣͬʮʵµߡ
ߣ
Ϊ׵һߵ˵һ䣬ʮ˱뿪ȺһҾ¥ȥ뵽¥ҪһᣬȵƲ룬Ϊ׵߰ڰ÷ԱȥŵλֵܣȥҲǰ취Ҫնɱ꣬ͱҵӰӶ
ǲǹ׷ɱꣿǵݣڵڰеȫѰҳټһߵ˵
Ϊ׵Ǹҡҡͷ˵Уһó֪ǵĴڣ᳹뿪ڰӻˡǵԳͳʧˡ
ڼžʮ˶˳˼ǾѾ磬ݣҵ꣬ݣֺ³ߡ
죬ΪǸߵ˵
磬˵ŸߵĿⶼǸΪ׵ϡ
һǲ¶ǵݣѡһûбϮĳУȻȴڰҪնɱǰߣȥǱǸСһķ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱȥҲǸսǳǱˡҲеĳǳضŻǱǳءҲбסǳ겻֪ǵĴڣȫͻȻϮɱףҲյʱ򣬳ѾɱǴİߡ
һַǹǵݣȴڣ취־ԶǵλãȻ־Զͳ֧˶ץȻٹݣƳ
־ԶǵʵϾһЩҲ࣬ѰǵټǺѡͬҲбס
ǰڵڰ򲻻дģʧףǳ׼
˵ˣŴǰӪ־Զǣ
ǣΪ׵ҡҡͷǿ棬ֻܹóһǰǷ˳ǰǾͻ̽־Զնɱңǲȫ¶ʱֻǾŸҲó갲Ĳ١ҲʧȥͻϮͰɱĻᣬΨкһս
ڴģѵʮ˻һս
Ǿô졣Ϊ׵ߴڿһն
¹ǡ
һӻ̡
һӰ߽ӻ̣ĻƿǸˣϼæ¶Цݻϰ壡
ţǸϰͷһ۵ڵļ˿ͣȻǸƵڵΣ
ǸƵ˫鶯һգϰ壬ܺá
ŬϰǸƵļȻ߽˺ţ뵽һ䣬Ȼ󽫷Ųϡȡһңһϵĵذѿ¶һڣϰ˳Ŷڵ̨ȥͷϵĵذرպϣڶеһִųһо̽顣
ϰߵ¥ݾͷ˳ͨǰߣԼ˶ʮףƿһţһСģĵ磬һ䷿߳һӰеһӰ־Զ
Ӱ㿣Ȼҵߡ
Щ־Զİߣϰ˽־Զӭǰʦ֣ҵ˳ꣿ
ϰҡҡͷûУǲǻһҪж
־ԶϵЦһ΢˼һµǺ»ǣһ֣˵֡
ɣΧ߾
־Զ˵ܿܣ˵ϣΪնɱ˵ϣҲᶯ֡
ô죿
Ӧá
䡭
һ촫˽ضΪ֮𶯡־Զɫһ䣬̺ȵǱ¶ˣ̴һڳ롣
ӰٵȥڴʮӰɿس˵С壬ûеȵ־Զǳ嵽һڣǵͻȻʧȥ˿ƣԭأǵҰлѾıˣǵСģ֮С


1026
оֻǹȥ˼룬ǰľָֻ˹ڵС֮Сǵǰվʮˣǡ
־Զһ漴ϱֳɥ֮ɫԼѾסɥʧս
̤̤̤
һŲͨдһֵӰ˵ǰλϰ忴Ǹֵˣֳɫ
㣿
Ǹֵ˵û뵽ɣһǰͷڵڰܵص㣬Ҿڵꡣһһҵļ֮¡Ǻǡ
ץߣ
Ϊ׵Ǹߵͺһͨӿİߣ־ԶѺߡΪ׵Ǹ߼־Զ˶Ѻ֮󣬵µľŸ˵ȥѰһڣ뿪ȻǱȴĵ
¹֮⡣
վʱûдң¶ݡ־ԶץסϢյˣҲյһǰ¹ǣͰһ·߾Ϣ
ֻܹһ·Ὣ־Զնɱ
̧Ŀһ۳ſڣֳһ˿ЦǸ·ĻԼһһ𣿰˻ŹնɱԼĻҲ֣ǳȴԲŰ˻Լһһ
꣡ſڵȻȺĳ꣬ɾ
һó˶ס˽Ų˳ꡣĿɨˣǽǵİգǳſڵľ죬ڳǰһĵ·
һųȥʱ򣬴Ⱥдһ꣬Ҫȥ塣
֪תͷǸˣһߣȻŲȴ¶ġ
֪־Զֻһն˲ҹƽĻᣬҪľɱҡҲܲΪҵֵܡ
ΧȺ˼žʱûٰѳ굱ˣǵд½ӢۡڳſڵЩҲĿ͸¶֮ɫ
꽫ڵ֮תͷſ¹ȥ¹ڵҲһĬĬעųꡣ
֮󣬳վһĴϣĿ˳Žֵǰȥֵľͷ¹ǵĳ
ʱѾһˣֵԵķҲһˡЩ˶˳ϢԶԶرܿ漶ߵĶսܻܿὫֻٵڿлźܶڹעųꡣЩ˶ͨ˵·û˵ıơ
пԿ϶ЩȺһŰ˵˻Уֱ治Ҳطֱ档Ŀֻг
һһųȥҰǳ鶯һ£ڳǰĹ㳡ٶˣÿ϶һߣ־Զǡ
ģĴŽա
顭
źȻ·γڴ룬˫Ŀ꣬˵Ӯߡ䣬
ã
Ӧ˵ͬʱſзȥͻȻһȭ·˳ȥǳȭڶʽȺ˸
·ɫ΢㣬漴Ȼɫ֮䲢⣬ſзȥһ־Զٶ˵ڣ˲ȥϵķ־Զ˲ָʵ˫һſзȥ
ߣһſзȥһߺȵ
־Զһ٣Ȼϵ˵ߣ
䣬¹ȥ
ͳ죬ǡһߵ־Զ
ֻ׸־Զȵ
ҲȻȴԲʺ衣־Զ¹֮ȥȴûһ˳ȥ־Զǡ
ȴóһ԰׼ȫնɱԼ
ҾͲų˰ڰл˭ܹסҡ
ηɵ˸߿գ·Զ·ĿƮͷעˡ
һ֪ʱԼڲľ֮Сҿ϶ЩŲٰߣں·ʱͲòֳһ־ע·ߡĶ·첢һߣܹо·ʵ¡
·Ŷĳ꣬ϵɫֳư
꣬նɱǲֳҿԸ㣬ҵﲻֵһᡣɳ֮ǰһ֮Сվ֪ʲôŽǿߡң·죬۷壬ӵп򡣡
һ˵ţ·һȡһŴ󵶡ĬĬȡǳڵ֮ӿǱۣж
ң꣬۷壬ǳ򡣡


1027
·˫Ŀ΢΢һУаԳԾ弶ôô̵ʱھ۷ˣֲɳʮɱ꣬Ǳ̫ˡ
䡭
·ĿӿеİŴնǵƽ򣬳쫷壬ڳҰУжһִ쫷磬Ϭĵ
ˡ
ǳ˳ȥ֮ǺХ쫷أϬĵ涼úۡ
䡭
ھʽն쫷ը죬ִ׵쫷Ѷȥ
˵һʽ棬˫ͼóԼȫ˫֪սУһ̽Ѿóȫ㻹ﱣ̽ǲʲô
·쫷类Ĵ֮±أھʽ·쫷д÷ɢ
д¡¡֮ǹᴩһеĵɫ֮Ų񱩵
˿е쫷磬·ڿзˣѪбžĿ⣬ϵϢڲͣˤ䡣
һش·졣
ಡ
·ɳϾӰǾӰڷɳ;оͱһǿƣһӿųǿس˹
ƤһѾŸ˶۷壬ÿ˶򣬳껹ûԴΪԼܹܾŸӵ۷ߵΧ
֣Ϊ־ԶǵӮʱ䡣һǳȡ˾õ
֮ھǱ˫лۣᴩһĵɫ𶯣ھʽİļʡ
䡭
ڿеľõͬһ糵һغն˳ȥһ֮ͬһֻֻһצط˶;ŵȻײ
һ޺˶ʧϡӰ·ȥǱһѹȶ£ȴϿշȥвסѪ
֪Լܹˣﶺһ˲¾ͻ
֮֮
ڿʧٳֵʱѾսǧ֮⡣
ಡ
һٶߴӵɳϣҪĲնɱֻ꣬꣬Ҫôһ˲·ʮ˾ܹ׷ֻ֪ҪһǾͻȴ׺ų˻˹
֮֮
ûеľõҲǳֻҪһͻᱻһ˲ֻôһ˲ʧȥߵĿܡ
һʧٳԶȥǧס˰ߵΧԶӶȥ
ಡ
·ʮڳ׷ᣬѾˣһնɱʱΣҲûôõʱѾûӳˣǵӡʵ̣Ȼһ·죬һ˾֡
׷֮ȥûаӣ·ΣһѪ̫ˣѾϴҵٶȡĬĬעǰʧӰ·ȥ
ԼϣֻҪԼϵԼͬ顣ֻҪԼͬҧסܹ꣬һ׷ϳꡣ
һˣһеܴ裬гܹ꣬ȥڶ
һķ֮䴫һʹҵʹԹȥȡһ䲻֮븹Уȡһƿǳҩ£ǿžʹǰٷӣǾŸӰ׷ᡣ
ʮӰڿзӣٶȿÿӰӵȥֻܹʮڿл
ڽָٶȽӿ졣ľŸҲҩǵԭͱȳ˺ܶ࣬ҩ֮ƻָø죬еٶȽس˳ꡣͳ֮ľ뽥
ǣʱƣڲ֮ȫָԭ˫Ѿ׵ľ룬ٶֿʼһľŸһνԶ
ڰָġ
ĻϲϵлųλãһѶϢָѸٵطųȥ
εεΡ
ڰеһϵֱһťֳλúΧɱ
ಡ
ڰİߴӸصڿնųķȥһ߷һ߽ųµص㣬ıŷ򣬽һ޴İΧȦڽΧм䡣
Ŀһǰ˼ʮСڵ㣬ǼʮСڵͳԶУڳҰмٵķŴǼʮߡ
һ䣬ұߵķ򼲷ɶȥľŸҲı˷ں׷ϡӵʱ䣬Ǽʮ߾ͱ˦Ӱ٣ǾŸȴɽ׷
ͻȻһҰУǰֳ˼ʮڵ㣬źڵķŴǼʮߡ
һûеת򣬶սеľõ֪ԼӦǱΧˣĸߣµİߡؼܹڶʱڰľŸߣܹǣԼܹ
ͶļʮѸٵؽӽڵ֮תǱ۵õУɫ𵴿ھʽİļʡ׼Ӳȥ
䡭
δȵļʮ߱Ѿ˹ǲ˵ֻ꣬赲һ˲
䡭
ھʽն˳ȥ¡¡졣
ꡭ
䣬˶ĹɱǼʮߵм䣬ֻ˲߸ߵ飬δмһ
ಡ
ӰҲû˿ͣٵشмӶų˹ȥ
ˣǹܹľŸ˽ԼӲģ´ʱһ޴İΧȦԼֶ֪жٰԼ
ʱľŸҲһƲ⣬ŸȻ·һӵ۷壬Ӧʵʵսϱ·в硣Ҳ·ڿʼһ˺Լҵ·콻ֵʱõǳǾõʹҲ·졣ȡ˾õеĹһ˵ϣӦܹնɱһˡ
ľŸ˿˳ٶûɵɵΪǸղűǼʮ˵ҲΪԪĶٶȣظоǳҪһ̽Ԫ۷״̬һ׷ų꣬һӭս׼
澯ϢóоǾŸ׼вһ̾Ÿ˻Ǿ裬˳ʧȥͻϮĻᣬһ˵ͱŸ˾סε̾Ϣһ˻һٶȼɶȥ


1028
䡭
߷֮תȥ㿴ңԶ֮һƬ֣ʱ׵˸˺ڰĿռ䡣

һʣлź̵ܴתɶȥ
ľŸɫʮѿǾŸ˵ľ磬Ȼ֪õȴܹ׷ΪηͣõĳͷǾŸҲţѵŸ˻򲻹һˣ
ಡ
ȳ֮£еһξǰУǾŸҲ֮С
ֻǲһӵʱ䣬Ѿɵֵм䣬סΣתڷľŸӰ
䡭
ǵͷһ죬һը졣
ꡭ
һִѴ䡣һ̣δйͨ͸ȻԼ̨֮ʮʽɴ
䡭
һնھʽͬһ޴˺ڰĿռ䣬Ǿõռ䣬ϱһ磬оһΧųеľõƣĵ

ŸоһݣʱǷֳһѾǵ¹Ǻͳ꽻ֵһ
ŸߺɵͷԼ򣬽ԼıʽںϽ֮Уų˹ȥ
ŵڿںϣγһֺƣųȥ
ȣ
һƣƿգھʽеӦдһִھʽ֮УŶȻ䡣
Խ۷һʽ
һʽϸؽѾھʽİ壬ֻⲢǳģǱȻġ
ô˵һȫŸںһʽ飬¡¡س˶ԷŸд󾪣û뵽ȻȻǿᵽ˵ز
Ÿ˵صٴ񣬾Ÿ˲һƣŸصϵҲθߣеıգÿǰһ֣ƶһ֡
ʱȴ֮УԽ۷ĵһһնÿһе䣬ںһ
䡭
˫ڿвϵײǿ˵ӡ˳ͷһ˿˿ӡںϽ֮С
ƵľŸбâűһǸ֪ĵһ˿һ˿ǿҪƼĺ
Ÿнŵ˼㣬֪һȵƼһն¾ǾŸҲδֵܹס
ܹóȥ
ŸȻųѹ˹ȥͳ֮ľ룬ǾƴˣҲҪڳƼ֮ǰնɱ
䡭
һն£ֻǵûƼ롣˫ײΧĿռ䶼𵴡
ͬһԭӵը޴Ģſ𣬳˿еƣȻֵ顣
ɢ
αڿзתڱ֮ѪоڵĹͷѡͬʱǾŸ˵߲ɵҲ߽⣬ź󷽷
ҵʹóӳ˹һ۶淭ľŸˣεתɶȥ
ǡ
꽫ѵĹλȻ²֮ǳҩһ߷һ˼ŷӵķӿյǾŸ׷
ǾŸ˴ʱҲܣÿ˶ϴˣȻأҲǵٶȣһ׷׵طʳҩں׷ᡣ
ÿһףڶʹȡһ䲻̷֮ȥԺ˼Ǹӡղ֮еһֻҪĵطʵͻܹĵʮʽ
ܹʮʽŴȻܹŸնɱ֮
ڻŵΪչЩȻ֮ƺڵڰһطڱһ治֪ʲôԭϣݿѧо˵Ϊγɵĵ
ȥ
һ·űȥͷһǾŸߣ̾ϢһʵҲûкǾŸһƴĵƣ˫ǴűԼһʹ˫Ǵű򣬲˵ܹŸȫɱɱаա
ǣ֪һʹ˫Ǵű֮ԼᴦʲôƣҸΪҪǣ֪ûڰмԼԼʵԼԶԼҲ̽鲻


1029
ȻʮʱҲܿԼĸһأ
һֱ˫ǴűҪڰӵһ˿Ļᡣ
Сʱ󣬳¶һ˿Σǰֳʮڵ㣬ʮڵ㼱ٷŴʮߡ
˽еľõļʮ߲ûзǵΪߣҲһ㵽㡣
ֻһҪһʱ䣬ľŸҪ˾롣
˫ľܿеľõȻҫĿ磬ͬһһس˶漸ʮߣеĳ˺ڰĿռ䡣
䡭
һն˵壬δмһµɫ԰׵Զȥĳ걳Ӱо岻ѡ
ಡ
Ӱм䴩׷ڳѾͳ֮ǰľ벻ףŸѾʼԪ׼һ
˻
һڴһʹȻ˲֮ǹѵƾԳʵûмҲ
һķμת֮ھУǱȭۣǳȭİļʡ
ȻתǾŸ߸ոҪ֮ǰǳȭĵڶʽȺ˸
ǿӡĺžŸӿȥͬһӱڲϢǾŸߵĸ֪У·һƬǿ׹䣬ŸϵɫһѸٵطԼĹơ
䡭
һƬŸߵβɷˣһȭ˾룬̵ͷűķȥ
һ·ϳΧİߣһҲλͷųϵȭڶʽֻһ˫ԪȻŲ֮ƣҲŶ񻯵ƣ˫ٶȶżơ
֮
ɫѾüȲ԰ףҲ޴ľǲ֮ǳҩҲ䡣ľŸҲòȥ
䡭
Զĺ洫˱֮Ŀܹھǧ֮ĺһƬصƣн裬һִ׵ܼغź棬Բǧ׼ֱһ
Ÿɫһ䣬ʱѾףҪƬ֮СҽȥǸ
Ǹң˺ǡУƻǻ
ಡ
Ѿ֮УľŸ߽һҧҲ˽ȥ
ꡭ
ܼʮ˵ϣʮʵȻܣȴҲ˺ǡ
ǡ
룬ʮɫʼ仯ˡԽߣԽʱϵ·Ѿ÷飬ҼʼܵˡļʣĵתһϣȻҲ޷˺ڣڴ塣
壬ǰǾŸȴûȻſ򣬵룬֮Ѿʼǵƻǵ֪ٲܹˣټ룬ǾŸͻ
ʱӰѾʧǾŸҰ֮УǵҰоܼ֮
ô죿һߴغ
ȳȥõڰָйע
Ÿ˵ͷȥܿͳ˸һϣ͵ڰָȡϵ֮󣬱㿪ʼҩ޸塣
ʱĳУȻסΣųһϵļѾսڸղеѾ
ܹˡҵʵȥ¾ͻᱻ촷ۡ
̧ͷܼҫĿаһľѵط
ԶĿУ֮ϣʮվԶϳ˵ĵΪʲôȥԮꣿ
еǾվЩߣЦСӻ˵һѵõҪġһԤУֻҪ֣ƾŸɱ˳ꡣ
䣬ĿҲ༫ԶȥǼԶҲ֪Ĵڣüͷ΢΢𣬶ǾŸв˲á
Ҳģ֪һسŵˣֻҪ֣ǳ걻ɱǰҲȣҲԵȡ
ֻʮߺᣬȡֻʼǲǸֳһ˿Ц


1030
ȻҪ棬ǾģҲҪｫնɱҪʮҲնɱǰ
еĳʱѾϥ֮У²֮ǳҩʼˡҪ֮ȾҪȽ˵ҳʱĲֹۣ֮ǰܵ˽һ񻯡Ųֻ֮һЩʱˡ
ʮһ졣
ȫʵָ۷״̬
֮⡣
΢΢üͷ֪дİ߻ۣÿߵʵͣȻûǿߣ弶߻Ų١
ಡ
ԶٷһӰ·졣ҵǾŸߣ·ȥ
ô·켱ʵ
·磬ˣ档ѾָȡϵڼһƬ򡣡
֮ڡ
˫ȴ̸Ϊվžõʼ֪ڵ塣
֪ȥ˶ãȻһŰǳȴɽüͷǲԣ
䡭
ٴһ
ܲ
䡭
겻ϵҪƵھʽĵʮʽ


ǲ
겻ϵƣÿһнѾһǧٰʮִּƽ⻯⾳֮С
֮⡣
ϳ˽֮ɫô
һЦˡ㲻Ҫ˳굱ҵʱõľ壬Ӧ壬۷һʽȵ֮ʱǰЩ֮߱ʱ
ɫԻĿĹˣ¶һ˿ǵ˲ٰɱ꣬ŽǴʮɱ
֪˫¶ǵĹâҸ֪һ֣һһϲǸʱֻҪ֣Ѱش¾һ֮Ҳܹܿµ˴ӵ͵ڰȥ
ɣŵ˵
ŵЦΪѾڲ֮ء
ڲ֮أҲͬҪ֪ʱѾٰ߾ۼ֮⣬ǿԪҲĸɾʱ̡οʮӵ
ЦһָԶСӿԴɱߣĲ߲࣬еʱͿٴζ棬˭׷ȥǰ֣ǳ֣Ǿͻ֡Ǻǡ
ǡĳأ
һЦ֪ͨصҲĸҳ֣ǾȰɵ
˫Ȼһˣ
ꡭ
Ӱܼ֮Ų֮ͣžõĿɨȥ
ಡ
ʮӰų˹·ʮߡ
Ȼ䣬·ȥ˹ȥԼʵ۷塣ٶȱ㳬·ʮˣеľõѾն¡ʱ·ʮ˸û뵽ǳǵƻûвɣоͷ·һƬ·ͷϺ
ʮʽ
һʽһھʽȫͬδҪȵھʽ屶嶼׵֮Уоõϵ׵缱ӣҰžõϬâǿյĲɣӡ
䡭
һնһ·˲䱬飬֫Ĵ䡣
ǿıٶȣʣµľŸ߸ûзӦ
⡭
ؿų꣬ԺлطŸղųѸͱһһָоԼԳղһҲδܹȫˡ
˫⣬ЩҲĿڡ
䡭
۷壬һߣгű׵磬ڵ֮䣬ͬһᴩһĵɫ񶯣Ǳ˾õʮʽܷĺŶŰȥ
ܼ׵Χų꣬ͬһٵӹա
ŵԶӰһʽıѾһ߼ֵܹˡ
䡭
ˮΣ쫷˲ɣһƬ׹䣬ͬһոջ·ֿʼ飬֮ͬһʵ췣
һǰ׺Ե
Ȼһ죬һζԴһߵ屬顣
һ˲ʣµǰ˸⡣ôҲû뵽ֻ˶ʮ죬ǵƵܾȻ̶ȡ
һŴ󺣵ıڣͬһ޴ǳ˹
󣡡
˸Ѹٵز󣬵ǻûеȵǲɹһһߵ屬顣
󣡡
ʣµ߸ûȥǸߣԼٶڽͲʱЮ֮ɱ
䡭
޺ںϻص˾ˣͰ˵ƤҲһ
߸ߵζڷˣ߸һζײ
䡭
ٸ߰ľѵĶײÿж˿־壬ǵкʵȷԼԳһԵֵסֻһ;
䡭
˫ϵضײÿһڵӣڵڰ˵俪˶߸˵ͣ߸ĴɣѪ
ۡ
Ŀڱ֮ҲѪǳȴͣسһԼֱ߾һߡʱľõȴûб֮˲ǸߵӹõһӣһŴͷ­ͱȻͷҲصس
ղһǲΪڵǳ֮Ѿĵòֻܹ࣬άٵͷС
ಡ
γʧټԶҧأӹȵȵ´γٴγ֣һҪȽضĺ֮·л֮У´αɱꡣ
ص֮У̷˲֮ǳҩʼָʵûˣֻǳ֮İˡֻǹСʱʱ䣬㽫ʵָ۷塣
֮⣬㶼ЦݣЦǺǵ˵ٰܹ߾㶼ɱڰͿոˣЩ߿ɶ漶һս֮󣬵ڰ򽫻漶ǿߣƾ־ԶЩ˾Ϳջصڰ򡣡


1031
ôף˵һγʱ򣬰һȸϳ귵ĵ·һβǳһս
ͻȻһ٣Ȼߵˣ
Ӱ߼ӣӰֻܹߡӰͻȻһ٣ǰһʩݼ
˻ص̰ˣЦǾһվ￴һְɣ
ԶһƬϣĿ˸̰˵ĵ֪ʮѾˡվûԼֵĻˡҲԼȵشÿһߵĶС
ձɱ꣬Բðɣ
¡¡ÿߵĶһϵƱ˳֪ŭˣǽ첻ܹնɱĻὫȫնɱ
ǾͲͳͬھ
һ̣ߵѾ־׺ڿռӡ
еĳȻ˰вһЦⰵǴ˱ɱԼ˼
漴޾ս⡣
ҪҾͻ𣿽Ҿ㰵˸صĴֻۣǰ᲻֣
ʱڵĳһ𣺡ҪС͵ʴףǺǡ
Ҳˣ
һڣ°ͲٱԼĵƣʹԼ˫Ǵű
˫΢΢һУͬǳ˸нžõ֮Ӷȥ
ꡭ
γĻ˵ǰٸĿһֻǴʱûжڵȣڵȳԶһЩҲóûϳ·
ԶͰĿ֮ĳ꣬վﲻüͷ΢΢
ѵ겻׼뿪Ҫɱˡ⼸ǲܣʱ˽һƻļһ

ȴǳشЦҲΪűսܹʱڲ֮أһԳ
һСӣ
ǡ
ЦȴȻֳֹ˴㵵飬Ϊ궯ˡûбĴ㣬һһǰȥξԽԽԶ
Сӣ޴޲һƽȻ
ǰȴȻһ֮󣬷Ц
ķ򺰵һûܹסģ
ಡ
߸ڶߺʮ弶İųƽ˹İķȥĺ·ضϡ
ͷһվʮߣȥɣ
΢΢üͷԥձüᶨҡͷʱãҸоСӼȻҳһк֣ǿ˵
Ҫ
԰꣡ʱɫѾƽֳ֮ɫҸоųţʮֺʲôĵơ
еƣɫһ
ʱɫֳһ˿ȻӦǳĵƣ֮ǰһֱûãӦڰõģ֪ڴˣŷĵؽĵóںܺʲôơ
۾һ˫Ҳ¶˺֮ɫľŴʮҲͬˣʮڴ꾿ʲôƣұ֤ܹӰӮһ˿ѵĻᡣĵƣΰ˵жҪԴˡ
߸۷Ѿ粼ƣͷųԼųƽʮ弶Ҳսƽ꣬ڳһΣΧм䡣
İСرƽʵѾ۷壬ȴûг֣Ϊмĳֻ΢΢õб࣬ûгֵĴ㡣
֮ûг֣ΪǾԼԶֻܹǷԲʮסʱΧİ߾ʮҡ
ʱе߶Ŀм䣬ߣǱߣŷų˵·ٰߡ
ŽŵգҲȻƲŵƣǳһ߸۷ʮ弶֣֪ʲôʽӮⳡս
ʱǷһ˿ЦһΪˣ˹ؼʱͻ־
ʮ߾Ѿʮˣûг֡˭֪ԽԽǿԼȻһֱûгֵĴ㣬ҲҪһƽܹ꣬ƽǰסǸʱͲâ˵УʵʵڵıܹڶԷϣǲͷŵĹ
ǲû뵽ӵŵƣųĵǿҲǵ֮±и֧顣
΢΢ֻǿʼ΢΢¶һ˿ЦǶʮѾ뵽򸲸֮СֻûͷҪٽһЩֻٽһЩ˫ǴűܲŻҡ
Ѿֻʮˣ֪Լ붯ˣΪ߸۷İߣǵѾҪֻҪǰףͻǵ򸲸֮¡
ڣ
ˡ
˳ȥֻ˲ͺ߸˵ײ߸ɫһ𣬵һȻһֱŵܣ˫Ŀȴضų꣬ηĲǳֲִ֮ûм
ηǳеľõηǳھʽʮ弶ȴûֻ˲ͱ档
顭
߸ߵӵײµʮ弶߱оԼһĿ¶˾壬ǿ겢û̷бֳһ˿ã
ţղų̶ֵĻЩҲһ롣ǲ֪Ϊʲôûʩչǵвã
䡭
ͻȻ˺ֺͬǳ˳ײűڳеʮ弶ֻ˲㱻ѣԳ߸ߣںͳײ㱬飬˫Ǵű˲飬ǵҰз·𿴵޴ǳڿ໥Ħײǹ


1032
ûиǷӦʱ䣬˫Ǵűͳ嵽ǵǰ˫ǴűǰǸоԼôС
ȣ
߸˴һͬʱѾõǿһ
䡭
߸˵ĺһ赲˫Ǵűֻôһ˲Ȼ˫Ǵűûǵֽͬ鿪
ʶһвɰֹ˫ǴűĵҲ̫ˣһӾԼ֮ǳ֮;
һʶڹͨڵĴҺȻȡһƿǳҩ£Ȼžõת˽ضԼ֮·ٸߣ¶Ц
г֮⣬Ҳûһ˿ʮʮߴ㵵ųꡣղŵĻ֪Ӧŵƣȴȫû뵽ƻ˴ܡ
ǡûмܵ
ҲûмȻʵ˺ʵһأ
Ҫʵż۷壬ֻҪżڣͲǳĶ֡
ⲻ𾪣⾿ʲôû뵽ϴεǿֶΡ
ʱ˫ĿѾ죬ʮ߾ˣҳ걬жֳһ˿־壬óɳ˵ΣҲ͵ˡ
ǡ
ƾų걬ٸǳĶ

ǳĶ֣Ϊס꣬״͸ǣص֮УȻָ۷״̬֮ٴɱֻҪؼΣͻὫɱ⡣
߿رƽһֳ˿־֮ɫǰԶҲߣһҡһߵʵֻǸ߳һ㣬ǻƴ֮ġǣһ˵ʵѾ̫࣬ʣµľֻп־塣
°ɣ
˳ЩһɡԲˡ
ǣĿȴһ˿â
ɱҾɱң뿪뿪Ǻõ飬һʹĽѵԺҪԸԼҪһҪ֪һرˡ
Ȼ˳ȥȻʱҲܹͷų˫Ǵűնʮʽû˿⡣
䡭
ڳȥͬʱеľõն׵ҫͬһ

һһ
Ϊ˲ߵߵ߸ȥһ·ѹȥ
ʱȴֱ˳
䡭
֮߷׷ױ飬ʧʱ򣬰Ѿһٶ
һ䵽˼㣬û뵽ôݣЩ߳ʱ֡
ҲһĴ㵣б㸡һͷСӺúݡϲ
Ц
ʣµЩѾɥķȥӴ֮ǵжԳѾη壬ԳʱʮӲ
Ѿʧ˳ټ򣬺޲óȥնɱԶԲֵĻᡣ΢΢˼һ£תվԱߵһߵױͳܷɱ
ױ֮ף߼۷壬ӵ
ױʣɵ˵û⡣ǡҳֵĻᡣ
Ҫôˣ˵ȥսսϴӦҲûа취ҹǳֻܹʩչһֻܵҪֵܹסһΣնɱ練ơ
ãȥԣ
ױһӣ㿿Ͼֳ˷ŭ֮ɫδڣξͳױĶ棬ȻȵױҪʲô
ױ΢΢һЦ㲻ýҲȥֵġ
ɫһ㶵Σ
ױɴ΢Цֻǿ˳ʵϲҪͳдһ
üһҪд裬ҿԷ㡣
ױڰֲֵûд
˻ɫһ䡣Ǻױսÿζսʧܣмˣ
ֻҪͳдһ£ģֻг겻ͬ⣬Ҿ뿪
ԣֳΪͽɵ𣿻ͬս
˵ãһҪսأ
ЦãҾͿóһս


1033
ױͷȻں꣬ѾҺʦ̸֮ɸҺһս
ʱ˹ϢȻûоȥûлشϾֳ˼Цױˣ
ǺǡױͻȻЦûлش˵ڿǡҿԵȰ
ɫһ䣬ʱױֿڽ֮С
꣬Ѿܹƾһ֮ͬʱնɱ߸ӵ۷ʮ弶ȫ֤һսʵΪֻڲͣսвܹȻսԶԼʵױ߼۷壬ԭֻ߳һԽսʵʵν൱ҾǱǿҲֻǿһߣⲻĶҲҵѹ¾ܹõͻƣ㲻úÿһ£ȴĻش𡣡
꣬ҪġܹԽսױͬҲܹԽսǿľԲһ˿
ױֻ΢Цߺ޵صױԶɫֳһ˿ǣױ˵Ĳû궯֣귢սӦҲܹɬҲûлӦ˵ڿǣ˵ĴӦ
뵽Ҳסȵ꣬ҪӦս
ǡ
ûгĻӦһľͳȥȴֳһ˿Цݡ
С
ڻָʵʱûʱ俪ڻӦûʱ˼ǷӦս顣ҪľǾػָʵֻлָʵԱ
Сʱ󣬳꽫ʵָ۷壬ûƶǳڸղһս֮СղһսΪ۷һսͷų˫ǴűҾͷų˫Ǵűһɲǣһָǿڵĸ
ǿ˵ĸʵϳ겢ûȫڻֲͨɣ嫵ӡһֱ֮УȴȥںϡҳҲȷʵһֱںϣֻںϵٶȼϾǿյӡʵ̫磬ֻܹһ˿һ˿ȥںϡ
ǣһսֳһӼ˳һּ䣬һֳûзֵǿʷļ䡣һƺ˳
ʱĳ괦һ״̬֮У·һԹߵĽǶڿĵɳ
һſ޵Уֵٵ𡭡
·ʮ꣬ۿɣ仯
֮⣬һƬž
е˶ڵȣڵȳĻӦʱƣױЦԽԽʢɫɫԽԽѿ
Ϊж֪꿼ǵԽãԽܴӦ
ʱڷɿţһȥ
С

곤³һ۾ûʲô仯ȴһʵͳرһ˫۾ֳ䲻Ĳɣʵû۷壬ȴһʮΣյĸо·һԶޡ
һΣյϢʧվ֮ǰױսһֻ΢˼ױһսȻֻ죬𣬴ʱһֱչǧĸоָоһֳ嶯һ־˼սһĳ嶯һֱչǧıƣֱͷųȥһַĸо
꽫õٲ֮ȥһ߳򣬱㿴˲ԶױʱҲ˳꣬ų˹ֳ˽ţױֳЦݡ
ǡ
漴˵ɫ㶼һͣ˵Ŀضųֳ꣬һ˿Ի󡣳ʵûʲô仯۷壬¶ȴǰȻͬɢһֲɣ䣬嫡
곯΢΢ʩʦױһս
еصͷȻƮˣ˳֮ɫŷ˾ޱ䣬Լղô˳ױӦսӺղŵĳֻϲܹʣĺˡ
ʱױɫЦҲˣʮأŶĳоȻһֿ͸ĸооɲ⡣ָо·԰ʱеĸо
ôܣ
Էһ۷壬Ϊʲôָо
ԶͰҲһ⾿ʲôǰĳɢĿ׺ʣôֻȥ죬ϾȻ˷츲صر仯оʲô
ΧЩε͵߿ʵı仯ҲԼԼظоƺ֮ǰͬ
ǾױȴǸоΪǿҵˣԽǹעʱãԼľԽһʧĸо·ĳһǿʷĻ䡣
Ҫսң
껺ǰ̤һĿֱŶױ̬Ͳһ߼̬ͬһżڸһ߼
ǾͿʼɣ
껰һ䣬αͻȻʧ
һһʧ
һһ֣
̫ȭͨ
˲ͳױǰһֻȭͷѾ˽ɫǱȭͷڱ֮Ȼ
ױķӦ죬ڳӰǰһ˲䣬һȭѾ˳ȥ
䡭
ε˳ȥȻε˳ȥȴû¶˵ͬһǺӡײµܼ׵磬ʧ֮С
ױȴֻǺһȻҽű׼׷ɱ򡣳ȻѾӦսͿԶԳ׷ɱһݵľ
顭
ͻȻڿвڴ˺ÿһκһڱ졣
ױɫˣоڴĺһһ죬ǰһǿһкǿԽս´ʱѾˡ
ꡭ
Ӱг˳ֻȭͷͬǺӳױ̫Ѩ
̫ȭ˫
顭
ʱױڴ˵ھ죬ױһ˿Ѫ˫Ŀ֮¶֮ɫ𾪵Ĳǳͨ˵𾪳ʱʩչ˫ѾܹΪ˫ʱĳ·ΪǺӾֻҷǺױ˹
ױɫʮأ˫ȭغӭ˳˫ȭһ˫ȭͷ·ǿյǸ˫ȭٶȶױײ¶ľǺӡ
˫ȭƽͬ˵ʽܵ˱˴˵ļѹûмĿռ䱻˫ѹѹž졣


1034
䡭
˫ȭͷںһΧۿжһ֮ײᱬֵܣ
ǡ
ǳԾױͳ˵˫ȭһҵʱȻͣǲͣ˵˫ȭͷų໥ײѹ˼¡
顭
һĶײڻĺͬǧŻͬʱܹ֮ۿ䡣
ڼƶײʽ·ֻȭͷʵʵײһ˾Ͳһ㡣˫ϵ·Ѿ飬һһعϣȭͷ֮ľһ˿һ˿١
ȡ
ױȻһĿһǹͬһڵһغ˶ĳꡣܹۿ۳ʬ壬̲ž޴ʱ˱ܿǵױĽͻ
䡭
ҲſȻһȴļһը״ӳĿкХһ˸˿˿Ŷײȥ
䡭
мײŰܡͬʱһ˫漴ֻȭͷݺݵײһ
޺УնڲЩʵϵ͵߸оԼʶһԣβź׹䣬·Ĵ󺣶Σ쫷ɣһ޴гں֮ϡ
˫ǸһײͬٶʻµĴгײ˵ͬʱź淭ȥѪ
顭
˫ĽŶڿһ䣬Ȼ֮Ȼ˵ٴͬڵһس˶Է
ҼȻȻǳȭһʽǳ׹䡣
һʽͷųױз·𿴵һǳ𣬷·ۻʷӡǰų
ױֱϼ⼱ط仯ֻ˲·ʱ䣬ֱ۱һ㣬ľ֣ͨ
˫ĿһţĿг⡣ȻܹƵױʹֿͨ֡ͨѹ׵񹦡
ʱƶ£ױͬһŭĿգɢǿȴͬһߣһǿжߣϴŲɣصӡ
Ƥû뵽꾹ȻܹױһսҴӳ˸ɢϢжоһ˿в
⾿ʲôԲ˵Ĺ
ֳͣһٲɳһܹɾ
䡭
һײһȻٴγ˶Է˫ԶԷ˹˼ɣֱӵضײǿʼݱʽĹ
ʽĹȻû֮ǰôңȴΪգΪ˵ÿһÿһʽԱ˴˵֮˵һöԷУȴǵľֻ
ּΧ߿СҪ֪ʱΧۿ߿ɶ漶ûһϵˮ׼ľ벻ȥܡͰҲĿ
Ҫ֪ˮƽ߾ʱܹѰУлǵʽõһܹµʽÿһʽۡ
ʱױͳǳ״̬֮У˴ʱȫǳˮƽӣļ䲻϶ٵŶԷԼʽŻԼʽżܵʹһʽԼ𾪵ʽ
˿ɲʲôǼǼֵͽߣվ۷漶ߣ˱ʹʽѾʱĸˮƽοżܷӳʽ
ѾĶˣ
Զĳֳ꣬һ˿д½ܹսʤĿֻˣһңһǰ̰
۾һ˵һӮˣ
ҡҡͷȷղ˵ң̰ȵӮױҲӮĻᣬȴӮҲб귭̵Ļᡣܵ˵ױͳ֮䣬ױӮҪһЩӮҪСһЩ
˵ɫͻȻһƮݵĵơ
ʱʹƵһʽơ
۷ʩչƺͳ굱ֻһʩչЧǲͬڿռڼ޹켣ѰױҲ߼۷壬Ѿһ۾ֻ΢Ӧ֪˳λã˫ȻչͬһʮּܣȻ弱ٵתͬһܷ糵ųλÿתȥ


1035
ڿȻֳ̧ɾʮȽǣȻתͬһŶתײȥ
顭
˵ֽײǸͶԸͣΧЩ˶ױͳķʮ˽⣬ױͲ˵ˣԭһߣķѾ˺ͰϤ֮ǰСϵĴսҲ˿ĸͣԶ˵ĸͶԾӲӲÿ߶У񫡣
ױ𶯣û뵽Լ߼۷ȻܹУȻϵغɨʵʱҲ𾪣ԼԼףǳӵһᴩһĵɫ֮Եһͨ߼۷壬ܹսʤ֮һѾʼЩľȻױĶ֡
Ȼһ֪ںͶԷӲƴȥܵĿ϶Լһ¶˰󣬵ȴľֻɲд裬ǾȻûȫľ֮ǰϵغһױǰ·һȺɨ˹ȥ
һױһһʮ֣ɨǲƣͬһβ˹ӸʽȻһʽ
ϵļ˸ı䣬ױкܲӦ߼۷壬վ۷ߣֻ˲֣ץβ⣬ŵĸ죬ֻҪץסβ⣬һᱻƷһֻͬһֻӥצָ͸âϬˡ
˲оţɶԷӥצץסԼţԼžͻᱻץ÷顣
Ϊ漶ھʱ򣬾ͷųȥγһ磬ϸ˵֮ľʽϵľҲǾĽ˵ľڿвϵؽΪӰԷԼԤУԼӮһ˿Ȼ񣬳ľȴǴ·磬սԽǾȴʵʵڵ·硣ֵܹ֮ڣֻ·ܣΪѾͨڵҺǾԴԴϵӿ˳ʶԳľȻ΢ױȴԳױǿܹԤһЩԷľٶ
Ȼȣڿߣͬͷҧױʺһʽͻ쳣٣ױз·һֻζֻ˲ʺ
ʽ
ױͻȻһֲָ罣һָߵߴ磬оȻ˽ɼױ˫ָ̲صĽ⡣
һһ̣ױ˶ͬһ޽ɢűĽ⣬оԼһˣһ

вϵشһʽָɽó뵽һ硣
߼۷ʹľľγɵƺܾԲͬռĿи죬һɫ˵ֻ۷ĳ¾ż۷һʽУɱҪˡ
һʽ˳ֻ꣬һܣǾֱֻ
֣Ȼһ䣬ױĽֱָ˹ȥ

ӣ
һ̳꽫ˮһʽˮʩչ˳ͬһˮĤҪױǱ档
ᵽ˼㣡
ųһʽȥ˽ǧķչΪȱһ·
⾳
ղױĽָɽҲ˲Լ˳λáõİ취ҲֻǺױӲӲԼʵѹԷҲ˵ʵѹ߼۷壬δƽ⽣ָɽİ취
ǳһʽˮȴİо
ʱױʱҲʮ־ᣬҪնˮȴһֳ鵶ˮˮơ
ʱҲƤױʮ˽⣬ҲΪڿ˳̷޼̷޵еĽս֮󣬶ڳҲʮ˽⣬ƽⲻױһʽָɽֻҪˣȫʧȥƣױܹһ˿ƻʤƣɱꡣ
ǡ
һʽˮʹ˳ȴһ⾳
ʱ޲ôױͳһսıеսⶼ˳Զؿ˰һۣ˰еս⣬ɱ⣬вһЦ˵ǰҲҪͳһսڵսڴ
ϡ
ױֱһͬʱһˮȻ˫ƱֱֻͬһףȻȻųײ˹ȥͬһֱֻֻ۾ֻͬŸײ˳ꡣ
ҪþԵѹ꣬ʱѾоһ˿˿ˣһ˿˿ռϷ硣ȻռϷ磬ôһʮᣬھԵ£һмɶǸơ
˫ҲԴȴΧױ̫֣˿󣬵ֶǶǣǳ괴֯Ů֯
Ͱ۾ͬʱ˳һâȻûֱ꣬ȴܹо⾳·һ˿ڳ֯һڽؽױС
Ͱܹо⾳ȴоǵֻױͬһֻײ˳꣬ǵĸ֪бøߴ󣬶ȴڱСǵиоͻױһײ֮£ǡ
Сôᵽ˵ز
ױʱоӦܲӦرǳڳʼʱ򲢲ַ񣬶ǺһĸͷǸʱͳúʹ죬ֻ졣
ǴʱȴֻбƵĸооԼӣرĥɾֱǱ򣬻ﵽرŤ
𡭡
һ޺ױĿһִİӿ˫һҡֱֻͬ𶯣ֱϵĲƣ˫ڿһ٣ٴųײȥһײ˵һײռ䶼һ
Ǻ֮ȴڳǰ߽⣬˫һβױ˫ۣĥľױֻҪһѪ˫ٴһΣ˫һɢ˫֮ϵľųײȥǰεһԶ޵Ϣ˳
ɫʮأ˫ٴβ˹ȥģȴѾûаաܿ˸գǸܹͬᣬҪ˭
ıġ
˿߱ϵױֻڲ˳ţֳЦ
ııġ
ܼ˿֮߱ױ˫Ѿ嵽˳ǰأָⶼо˳ļϵЦڷŴǰ·˫Ʋţһ֣˺ľ


1036
ꡭɫ˲԰ס
˻
ͻȻ޹ǣһԲ˼ĽǶȣͲ˼ױ˫ơ
𡭡
ױ˫Ŀ죬͵ͨ͵ʽ͸ϵغꡣȴͬĵɣдżͣױĿ籩Ĺмͦš
Χİ߷˻ǿ⾳ֻܹʱȫ·磬ȫױѹŴ򣬴ʱǶױݵ˼㣬ǿò˼Уͻᱻױ顣
ǣںͳսױȴô룬еıԽԽǿӱϿױȫռžԵƣֻʱ⣬ȴоԼڱٵģҲֳܹȴǼ٣ȥ˵ͻƽǸʱپ߱ƣ־ټȥᴦơ
¶һ˿Ц⣬ɫ԰ף˵õģƳ·磬ʵϳȴڽռϷ硣
ɫһ㶣̶ǵ֮ɫױûʹĽŭ
ɫҲ΢䣬ŭױĶžѧǸͰԵһַžžѧһʹƻｫһ껹ֵܹס

ױȻſںһ˫Ŀâ¶巺˽ɫĹâͬһŭĿգ˫ֺϵһų˹ȥϵһ˫ͬһħơ
ױʹĽŭϵϢȻһͬħƵ˫ųԴȥ
ڽħƺͳԴ֮Ŀ˲伷¡¡֮ڶռ𶯣ħƻûд򵽳Դ𶯾óڵѪӿ
ħ
˫ȭ΢΢һգû뵽꾹ȻܹױƵ̶ȣ
ĿȴһһʽýӰ껹Ըղʽ»ᱻһʽħ÷ǡ
ҲڿԼʽǳȭ¶һʽĶ֣ǳȭȻڱ÷ǣȴ˰ƣһĽ֡
̫
̫İļʣ񲻹ʽʽֵסһʽħϾʵױһ׵Ĳֻ࣬нںϵ̫пֵܵסһʽħ
ᡭ
ѸӹԼ似ʹˮ֮壬ʹ塣һһһһᡣ
ˮ֮Ϊİ壬ȴǿİ壬˫һ̫ͼ˵ҰɣµĴ󺣶ΣܼˮųֻۣԶǲ죬һſ֮ųֻۣһȺ嫵ڳ˫֮
䡭
ײħֽס̫ͼתתֵ֮УȻӳȶױȥ
ױɫһ䣬΢ζ΢Σʱ˫Ҳζջûȫħתֵ֮СһֻѾѪģ
ױ˫ۺϳɵĽħƺųԴɨ˹ȥ
ɨǧ
ˮ֮壬壬һһƷ·һƬ磬һּѹ֮·ɿת̫һɿ
ʲô
ų˫תؿһ̫ͼҰ֮УȻ֪ʲôȴܹоǿȣ嫡
ǵ̫
ȥȻֹ֪֮ǰȴûаһ£ͬٵĶôǹҲһ١
ǡ
񿴵ӳʹ̫ȴȫƷ֮ǰ롣̫ɲӵһ̲ŸҪȻܹڳ˫֮תˡ
ͻȻһ뷨ľܹȫ죬²ֹżȻɣҲ̫ԭ򡣴ʱѾоת֮ƺش
Ľسڳ̫֮Уںδ
ʱսеĳȴҲͬһľ֮УղŽױĽŭ֮£ʼԽˮеľκʮʽںϽ̫֮С
ְһںϽ̫֮У̲ص̱ǳҲһֿƲסơ


1037
ǳ֪ԼܹƳϾͻһ
ױɫأо˫̲֮ſ񱩵ԾԾԣ·ʱҪӳ˫֮г
ǡ˫ĿͻȻһ
ʱױͬһŭĿգ弡˽ɫͬգǿƵ˼㡣ϢȴƮ죬Ȼ·һһãȻϢ˸о˵Ʈݡ
д½Ҳŷ̺͵̣ʱ˵оȻģģԶĸ֣Ȼ
ױ˫ųǰײ˹ȥͬһħײš
˫Щ飬ǱħƵľײΪʵǿƲס˫֮
䡭
߱ڳ˫֮緢˳ȥױͳζ˳ȥױǱоκײ˳ȥҲͬˣǱױĽħƺɳȥ
ۡ
ۡ
ͬʱڱѪױĽͱðǴʱŭķгŭ⡣
ŭķǻһߵʵҲǸʿʧȵֻŭ⣬ŭʵ
𡭡
ʨӺ
𵴣ϵĽٴζʢױڿһӰͬһڵų꼤ȥ

ױֻŲͣų̤ȥÿ̤һţ¶һֻ̲űŰһڳͷϱѿ
˫ȭͣػֻÿһȭҪһת˲֮ǰѾ߲
ɫأû뵽ŭᱬһֱܹԽսսʤ֮ǵͬӵԽս־Զң̷޼̷޵Уܹսʤ֮
ǡ
ױȴ˼ѣ߲ĺƣױѹŴ򡣵ּµѹҲóս˼㣬δ˵רעÿһȭĺóоԼ
ų꣬еԸӡԭΪǿҲһȫױĶ֣Ϊǿ似ȴٴ𾪣㲻ȻҲܹױһ¡Ȼܹˮ֮ںϣȻںʧܣǱ𾪡
ױ
ڰǽߣǽȴ˳ʱ䣬ó˽ŭҲûнնɱ
úصȭƣ
ųͷһȭһȭǳȭÿһȭǳĺأǳĺ嫣ֳǳȭһ˿˿һ˿˿ĪϢһֲɣأ嫡
顭
ںˣһȭһʮʮľƤδйںϣоһսֻ֮ҪԼܹչسһʱ䣬һܹͻƵ߼
˳㼶ҪͻһǷǳѣҲд½ֻż۷壬Ҳ߼۷壬һ˼߶ûС
꾭Ѿȫ죬ҪһҲôסԴʱĳȻѹŴȴΪ˷ܡ
ˣҲʱͻѡߡϾױĶ֣ȥܾܿͻѾֻӹһ٣ʵͻƵ߼ٺױ֣ƾͿܵת
ǳûУѾν濴һͨսǰһ־Ľֻּµѹ߳ŻһִڵŻΪһǿߣʵ־
ҡ
겻ˣ
һζȴһǿߣֻϣŻΪǿߡ
˫ڿȻһ٣ܵѸ͵Ľ»ֻۣ˲Ľ±һơ
ױ˫ĿһȻ⣬иŭûܹڽŭǰͦױķŭΧĿң·һҵűը
һεõϵĽȻͷųâͬһĽա
˫һת̫İļʣһʽʽ̫ȭ˳ʱĳ̫ȭѾʽÿһʽմͬˮ
䡭
ױͳ˵ͦڿУûһ˺ˣҲûһܹǰ벽ױڷĹҲһζطأ̫ȭİѶԷתԼĹȻΪױ̫ͣóתȴҲסױĹ
ױȭƣָ⣬磬ϥſٶѸ͵غ˳꣬йҪ仯
ü֮¶һ˿Цݣ֪ױѾŭӵ˼£ֹ֮£оһ˿ѹͱ˵ˡԼһ˿ѹڳǲɵֵѹ
ˣ
ʱ˵ĸоӵطˣÿһÿһʽ·裬С̫ȭİ屻ӵ˼¡
۾ͬ̽յơ̫ȭչֳİԣɿʽûһ˿ȴ
ױŭĿ˾âоԼǰ·һԲȦһԲȦһԲȦÿһԲȦȥǱŭ·һԲȦһ޵׶ԶԶϵ˽ȥӰ١
ױ𾪣ʲô似ôûмûôܽ͵Ľŭ⣿
Ȼ䣬ӳбȴǳ꽫ŭת˳ȥ̫ȭľ֮һ

䡭
ױαˣڿһƮݵ˲ױǰ˫ԲڿлߣױĻ˹ȥ
ױôҲû뵽ûʹŭʱԼܹռϷ磬ʹ˽ŭȻռϷ硣
䡭
ױݺݵغһȭȻͷԼյһȭĻ⣬Ȼ˫תһ͵ڶ
ױ𾪵˼㡣
ôᣬգּ˵ôᱻںϵ̶ȣô˹
ױڿеȻתȲһ֧ͬľ
죡
һ̣·նбˣ֮ռ䶼·ѣһƬΪҵĦɡ
䡭
˫ֺױ˫ײһ𣬸͵ѹſһƬХ·һǧго˳
ײ˲ڿҲȶסΣź׹䡣
顭
ε˴ڣе߶Ŀ˺档
䡭
϶Ȼ޴ȪȪ֮ϸվųױ
䡭
˽µĴִȪͬˮоŶԷ˹ȥұ˲仯Ϊ˽ɫͬһ޵ʮʽе׵类˹һƬ裬Ŷױնȥ


1038
ױұͷŽâηӭ
͵ײ˴˵ĻƬƬѣԷӿ˱˴˵ڡоһʹͬڱ̿ױ׵ܶ΢΢顣

˶һۣĿж͸¶𾪡Էʵô˴ɵͬʱˣµˮڿҡҷ
顭
ں˵;з׷˫ȭڵ˳ȥֻǶ˺ȴָܹ̻
ϵ׵ʧ˫չʮ֣ˮһʽΣ
ʲôط
Ǵ󺣣ʩչˮѳ˵ǳź棬ͬ쫷һת˲γһ޴ˮŶױײ˹ȥ
һŭ𣬰Ŀ˸֮ɫҰУױ˶·һħƣҫ۵Ľ⣬Ǿ޴ˮײȥ
ħ
ױȻʹħ
ħױһֱûĽŭսҲ̹ǰȴûиõİ취
ǡ
ױȻ˽ħǱַһЩۿѾȫͣ벻ϻܵʽ涼·ѹ½һ磬ӿĲζ
ǽħ˸Ž⣬ͿĦȻһڿԽԽ죬ܿγ
䡭
ת˫۲ϵغڽħϣ˫ûһ˺ˣڿС
ͻȻʧħһ޴ˮȻ飬һƬĻ䡣ƬĻ֮УͻȻһĻ͹һΡ
࣡
ǵĻ飬͹˳һʽֵնױĲӣƵһʽƣ
һȻͬҽ޼ѰȴϬ쳣һƿױĲϣܹױԴ
ױȭͷƵ޼Ѱûĸ֪ȭͷͬһ޴ӭ˳ֵ

ײη˳ȥڰʧȻ˲ֳױǰ
һһʧ
һһ֣
̫ȭͨ
ױſųȭͷץ˹ȥǸţֻҪԼץס˳ȭͷԼʵȫԽ˺顣
顭
ױĴץס˳ȭͷֳһ˿Ц漴˴㵡
顭
һ죬һһ죬һǿһ˳ֱܶ
Ѿſ˳ȭͷڿвϵػζȥųڵľŵ
˻
һΧԪһա
䡭
ڳˣͬʮ̨ľ˸߸ߵ¡𣬳˳ĸ߶ȣӺųû
ûھ֮Уͬһɽǰӿš
𡭡
ɽһľֳһž޴ͳһģһſ˴ڷһ޺Ȼǰ͹𣬻һױ˹ȥ
󺣵
䡭
ױ߸Ծһž˹ȥαײ˳ȥɺˮɵľҲڽڱ
䡭
׹䣬һ޴С
ಡ
һˮ˹ȥʱڼѾԶ˲ͳ˽ȥ
ಡ
ױԥؽųʱѾһǽеһնɱĻᣬλᣬҲѰֻᡣ
Ͼһս֮ܿͻһֱıϣ˲㡣ҲͬųҲͻƵ߼ȻͻƣȴʧȥնɱġŹնɱĻᡣ
ꡭ
ŰӰڿռʧܼڡ
Χۿֳźÿ߶оԼջ񣬶оԼۿȥ˵ȥչһξܹõͻơ
ಡ
ʮĴͬʱηӣҲ˵ļսеõ򡣿ӴӾˣĻôܹŹ
ţױں档أԽԽܼԽԽִԽԽƴ
ͣסΣѾо̶Ѿļޣٽһͻᱻ֮ˡ
ת˶ױӴԪռȡ˾õױĿһɵȡıһ޴Ľħơ
ಡ
Ͱ˳ױͳΧųһֶס˲Ͻ֮


1039
ͻȻЦˣΪԼͱľȫͬױһòųֵֵĺǲͬЩϣû˺꣬һգȻ󴫵еľõ֮ϣǾõ㱬һִ׵磬Χ׵罻ӦԽԽִ
£귴żˡ˾ôվţױͳĽȫͬػָԪױȥòΪֿ֮ϵԪȥͲôˣױΪԪĶܡ
ϵЦݣױҲԼĴһսħƣ忪ų˻˹ȥ
ꡭ
ڽħ֮ϣױֱ۶Щ΢΢飬ʵѾﵽ߼۷壬Ҫսܡ
˿첻
ױ˲֪ԼĴֻоػɱ꣬ȥԼ
ȣ
ױеĽħ˫־˽ħƣһʽΤӽħų˹ȥ
ֳһ˿Ц⣬һ˿Цոո𣬳ξʧˡ
֮֮
γһߣ΢Цױ
ױɫһ䣬ˡûдֱ潻ֻ֣ǶĹԪ깥³ʹ֮֮ҲܹжϳĹ򣬼̶ֻǶܣ͸˺ܴѡ
ȻҲĹ켣ȴ鷳࣬δؾܹסĹ켣ױֳŭ⣬ת˳ȵ꣬Сųͻ𣿡
ǺǡЦúܿģױ߼ȴҷսΪʲôȥսСųֻǿ𣿡
ۡ
̲סЦҲݸױ𣬴ʱҲ֪˵꣬㽫һԪ;ͷŵ۷״̬֪ųж켣
ǣȵ׼һ֮󣬷ֳ꾹ȻվԭЦеǲģһų˹ȥ
˲ʧױȫע֮£й켣Ǳųеյȥǳķȴ̸ı䣬ױҲ̸ı䷽׷ᡣ
У겻ͣضܣױͣ׷̷һ䲻֮һƿǳҩʵڿٵػָױҲ̷һƿҩ׷ͬʱҪֵֵĵԪɲһο졣
֮󣬳ԪѾָ۷״̬Ȼһ١ڵ֮ͬһһᴩһĵɫԪ𶯣Ǳеľõʮʽİļʡ
䡭
ӵŰ׵ųеĳۣӲؽһ׷϶ױն˹ȥ
úã
ױһõһ̵õ˱еĽħƳųľõӲȥ
䡭
һʧϵĺ˵ηֿȻٴײϵײ
һΣΣΡʮ˴Ρ
Ϣ˥ǺԳ˥ٶҪױ˺ּ֮ܶ࣬УҪŻֵֿĺױԪĵ쳣١
ڣױ֪ƬжսӮʤﶼǳκһطʤĶױױܲĵؿ˳һۣ˳ȥͬʱȵ꣬ξա
ͣһѣΣһϮͷһյһξУĻᱻױ
˳һۣαʧĴҲؿ˳һۣǵĿܸӣɱ⣬мɵһ˿м

Ǹмڣۿⳡ֮󣬶һ˿رǳʹֲ̫ˮʺںϳ̫һĻǶкǴʱѾ˲ó꣬Ҫ̻ȥչء
ǰˣʮҲžϲ򣬿ͣս֮ĳЩҡΣһ˳ǰҴˣ
ǰˡ
İɣǶŻȥ򡣡
򣿡üëһ˫ֳ֮Ի
Իı飬ЦҲ֪ʹ̫Ƕ
ŶԵɣ֪ڶʱڲԵж۾һգ˯˹ȥ
ѳҸ£Ȼʮȵߣ
ˡ
һɽ֮Уűѩȴżˮ̶ðһȪʱһȪгϥȪзһЩĲҩЩҩɲ˵ĲҩĳߴﵽͻƵıԵܹͻƵĲҩ
Ȼܹʵںױ֮ǰѾﵽ۷壬˺ױһս֮󣬳ѾﵽͻƵ߼ٽ㡣ԲŰѳȻһЩĲҩ֮Уóջͻơ
ʱʮҲԼıڱչأŴӳõС
һᣬһգһˮ֮壬һľͣÿ˵ԺУһֶȻϮͷ
ÿжʮǲý̫İֻһ˿ǵͻһ
ľ͸ˣԭڵĳͻƵ֮ʱΪľֱΪľѾ˱죬ΪһѾȫ߱һľľﲻ磬ǾҲûá
ˡܹ̫˳̶ȣѾӦò赲뵽ֻܹﵽʲôΣҪľﵽʲô̶ȡ
ʱѾ˹ŬؽʮϽɫѾǳҩǳҩãóҩóڿʼ˶Եʮĸı䡣
һױսڳ˵̫Ҫôͨ߼ıϣΪҪ˸Ϊε⣬رǶ̫
̫
󡣴ʱǿ˵һĻĻչڳԺУκһǳ̲仯ҲĪˣҲǳ
ľ
ʱȻд½ϵɽڣȴ֪ǧǳϢ˿˿䡣
од½Դод½Ĺתод½ڵϵתӴĹ켣顣


1040
·ǿһˣƨɵд½ǿյĲɣأ嫿ʼϴ顣
·ȥڸţ棬ǿգδ½ˣɽȣȪ֮ڵԼ
ˡ
ڳڣǵʮڱϽɫʵͻƵ߼ʮȼ硣
ǳȴûоʹ˽ǼͻơԼѾΪ˽⣬ҲΪѾȫ죬ҲΪһһ˿ᴩ֮һͻĳ㼶ıϣ֮㼶ɫ׺ܶࡣ
ʱȪ֮ڵĲҩҩЧʣ֮Ȼǲ˷ѣȡһƿǳҩ֮󣬳뵽˼֮С
һ죬죬졭
һܣܣܡ
¹ȥ֮󣬳ϢѾ߼۷壬ڵİʮѾϽɫʵ׷̰ױ
ֳһ˿Цݣ֪ԼѾ߲㣬ٺױභױĶ֣д½ܹвԼҲֻˣͰ
ˡ
һ˱죬״úͳ෴ǾѾȫ죬ʵȴûдﵽż۷壬ɲܹ硣ȴʹﵽż۷壬ľҲﵽΣֻǾһֱûв졣ڱһ̤硣
䡭
Ԫۣܿ㽫һ롣Ϸγһ޴ԪУض𶯣ƺһſռ˳
ಡ
Ӱ˵Ĵ˳𶯲˵Ͽշ˱仯д½о΢΢𶯡
˻أȻĿĿ·͸˿ռ䣬˻ءɫޱ䣬⡭ѵͻ֮λ
˳ȥɫԽԽѿȻûпͻƣͻƵԶ漶ͻƣʲô
ջ˾һдŲȻȵˣ򣬵͵ڰа˳Աػأ
ˡ
ı֮⣬ԶԶعۿţڱǰվʮˣʮʱʮϾǼ֮ɫ
֪ͻƵ֮λд½ʷڹȥˣɾ֮λ֮󣬱Գ׷磬ӭĩաҪͻƵڣҲͻĻᡣ
ʱгЩڵ򣬵͵ڰսûл֮⣬ֻгһûгʱɽڵȪ֮УһͻҲ˽ҪͷһЩĲҩҩЧûȫʧʱ뿪ͻ˷ЩĲҩ
Ū˴ƣôܸоֻͻƲһʱܹģרĵؽԼͻơ
ʱѾʼĳˣֻҪڵĵڰʮϽɫʵͻ߼۷塣磬ԼսԻѹױ̰ǶϰԼҲӵźܴᡣ
ȪڷĲҩѾ£ЩҩҩЧȻ΢΢һ˿ҩЧһ˿ҩЧյ֮󣬳ͻƵ߼۷塣
ȪһԾתԪϵˮɣȻӴԪռȡ˸ˬ·ϣ˫һ𣬱ıȥ
ಡ
ӰߣԶЩ߲֪ʵ꾹Ȼʮ磬һɫһ䣬ͬʱֳһͷҲ̫ſˣ
ֵǣʮȻԳλû˿ɫֻǿһ۳꣬Ȼתͷעı
⡭ô¶̷޼̷޵УҲһߣҪ֪ʮɶ߼ߡôʮ̬Ѿѳ굱ͬȵλˣҵ۾𣿻Ρ
ųЦˣ
ţͷ
ʲôʵųꡣ
߼۷壡
˻㵹һ漴ɫֳһ˿εСӣʵȻҡ
һֵʦҵ񣬶ʮС֮λˡ
˻µľŴشЩʹ


1041
ԶЩҲ˳֮ʴһ
߼۷塭
꣡㶼߼ڶˣʲôʮСʮĶֺðɣ
ʱ̰ҲЦõؿų˵꣬ҶĶ֣ȥʲôʮС
ҽϿʱӦʦģ˵ΪһϿӵĶԱӦʸμʮСɣ
ΧЩ˫
꣬ò˻ˣӡӡ˭ôİѳֵӰ
֣̰ɫһ֮˵ɡ
ǣҲٿЦվ￴еԪС
ֹȥʱ䣬еԪнɢȥеɫýţ֪ǷɹͻƵ硣
Լȥһӵʱ䣬Ĵ޷Կ洫ɣ
ʮͳɫһϲΪǴʮ㣬˵ӦǳɹͻƵ硣
ʮһ߽˱ͷȥ¥ɳ֮󣬳˵
ʮһ֮󶼽ĿҲ⣬ϾǼĵһĿɨǰˣĿ˳ϣ˫һ꣬㾹ȻͻƵ߼۷ˣ
ͷȻֵϲ
¶˸м֮ɫ⻹Ҫл㣬֪˱ӣķ֪仯
ʱɢȻϢȻܵȴ֮ǰž޴Ĳͬ
ʮͳʱԿ϶ͰһսȡʤһϣҲսʤ֮
ĸоǿңǰоҪɱһ˿ܵĿܣȴһ˿ܵĻᡣ
漶ȫͬ磬֮Ĳ컹Ҫ漶ϵ֮Ĳ޴󡣳Ϊһ˿ᴩһеϵʱܹԽ蹵ս漶ȴоԼﵽż۷壬ҲԲսʤʱ
磡
磡һȫͬ硣
ʱոջͻƣܹȫɢϢȻڼôһ˿ɢ˳ֻһ˿ѹʮͳ˺ˮЩѡ
곯΢΢ʩǫˣⶼԼŬС޹ء
Ǻǡº͵Ц꣬ǫ㣬ò˶þͻͻƵ֮⣬һܿ쳬ҡ
꺬ЦҡͷʵڳҲʮͬĻϾľѾȫ죬ǿˣľѾȫԽ漶ﵽĲǽµľϽɫҲ̸Լı˻ͷλʲô磿
¶һ˿ɬܹʲô磿ֻǱһӦеߡ
ʮͳһǶϸ֪Ŷɢź޾ɲʡ
ֻǱһʵ͵𣿡
˶Ŷ֪ʱǻһлҪ˵
ʱһӰڱſڣغոյõϢ򣬵͵ڰеİȫˣд½ٴαȫƿء
ڵʮû˿ɫ仯ͻƵһ̣Ǿ֪һͻ֮ʱĺƴƣΪһż۷İܸоҼԣǱģİ»ľսؿ־ǰȥɱ
˵ָ½֮Աػء
ǣǸߴҴҶȥ
ĿɨǰʮһˣûдҴҶÿ˶ؿϼ룬ƽû˿ǵÿ˱Ŀעʱ򣬶о٣ѡֻĿƿǲŻָĿڳʱƽĿ˲
ʱĳ껹ֻ߼۷壬ȴһ̬ƣĿȻҲЩ΢΢ıȴ͸¶һ̹Ȼ
ʲô
Ǹֳһ˿ЦݣľѾﵽ硣ǰʱȴܹоֻȴ𾪡һ߼߾Ȼľļôģ
ľѾﵽ磡
˵һ仰ʮΪ⣬ǵٷḻҲԲ뵽ľѾﵽ硣ɽĿ˳̹꣬Ȼ̬Ǳ֪˵ûȴһֻĸо
ų꣬в̾Ϣһû뵽ĳ꣬Ȼô̵ʱΪǣһӵľȫ죬Ҳ˵ֻҪż۷壬ͻˮɵؽ뵽硣
Գķ˼ٶȣ뵽ż۷ӻԶ
໥һۣȻڵԳȻƫȴûʲô˺飬ɾ֮ﻹǵĺӣ
ǵҲһ˿ԣֻҪʱ䣬ҪãͻͻҺܿͻʵϳԽǸʱд½ܹ赲ǵĿ㲻˼ʮԣѵĳƴд½
Ǽ˵ͽʮһ˶УһѾͼȻͻľдͼУֻҪǴﵽż۷壬Ͷȥ򡣡
лʮͳһʩ
Цοһ۳ͲлˣҵЩͰﲻ㣬ľѾȫ죬ľΪҲû⣬ֻҪż۷壬Ȼͻ硣漶һЩĵҲһЩͻƵż۷塣
һ˵һȡһʼǵݸ˳漶һЩĵãûȥ
Ͼһϲ˫ֽӹʼǸʩлл
ڰֵ꣬Ѿأ̸һµ˴Ǩ顣
ţ꾪ȵؿ
꾪ȣüǺЦѵ㲻ҪǨ㵽д½
룡̵ͷʮףֻҪ룬ܿٴ뵽ĩʱѾˣǨѵİ취


1042
һڰķɢ߸У˺Щڶĵڵڰ򶨾ӡȻҪȥ򶨾ҲܡֻǰѵڰóһӵĵطڽķչҪԼˡ
Ϊʲôôʵ겻ҪôʹǨ㣬ʱĵ˻ϣ˱ǿһЩڴǨ㡣
ԭ򣡡ȴΪͬһǾͻƵһԲԵˣһὫڶԭҪԳ׷硣
ʮϵɫһϲҲ֪鲻ܹӣ̵ͷ̷ص׼Ǩ֮¡
ֵȽڰǨߣȻһἯһЩɻǨ㡣
ллֿظм
ֻǵһ飡΢Цڶǵ˴Ǩ֮һ᳢Գ׷硣ܹ룬ӭҽҪ ɱײˡ
Ϊʲôɱˣ̰ʳ˴ҵ
΢΢ҡͷҵϢܹȫðҵɱ⣬ǾͲˡҪҵľȫȹȻ͵͵ǰˣһɱҳ׷磬ĩҲǳҪһսһսʹࡣ
˱׷׵ͷٿڡɫ࣬ų֮꣬ұὫλӴ㡣

ǳ𾪣ʮҲʮ𾪡ǵΪһῼܳһʱ䣬ȷ겻д½˼֮󣬲ŻὫ˽꣬ȴû뵽ô
Ϊʲô񲻽ʵ
̧ͷĿ·͸ǿա
Ҫȥ̽ǿգȥ磡
ǡڿˮҲȥ̽ǿգȥ簡
ɫһ㶣ų㡭Ҳ룿
ǣصͷֻҪܹд½¸д½߲ӵˣұҪ뿪
Ĭʮȴͬʱġӳ仰ͿԿͲ˿д½ľٶĽŲԲͣд½ͬͣڵһ
д½أйһ˿д½
ǣɫصʵ̫ǿˣǴ˲ֻʮˣֻһȴȥ˽ߣŽʮɱ
ɫһɱʮˣЩ˼ǸУǸǶôǿһȻǿôǷ⣬ǳŸ߼Ĵ֮⣬סҲӦñǸ߼仰˵ϵԪŨȸӵŨ˲ܹǿߣд½ԪŨȺסȣͬδ½ȣ
ĬһͷӦˣ
ҪʵٽһͱȥѰ򡣶ҡ˵ֳЦݣлᣬǲд½ٴǨ㵽֮ϡ
˫Ŀɳվųʩһлл
æվһߣʱʮҲվųϹкл
æֵʹã
ֱĿ⾼ų꣬ҵʺǱ㶼㣬δʵҵԸֻܹ㡣㲻ǿʺǱϣ㻹һǿġܹո֮ͨʱͶӵ򴳵д½ûһǿȫġ˵ʵҲȥ̽ǿգΪûǿģû־ܹ־ҲΪļΪܹ߳ȥһ㡣뿪д½Ϊһȷ档

ͲҪ˵ˣֵЩ֮Ҿͻ뿪д½ͻ磬Ҫǰǿ֮ʱͰ֮λʮΪǿ֮ˡ
磡ͻȻЦ껹ҪʮС֮λأ
Цõų꣬겻˼ץץԴҡɶҲǶӶԱڵӣԡ
Ҫ˵ˣϵһֵӴ˿˵ĸ
ǺǡʮЦųꡣ


1043
ʼ磬ųͷصɣǲȥǡҲҪһʱ׼ϾǨƲһС¡
ţ
ͷѰ˼һµһһҪ󣡡
ʲôҪ󣿡
˴еĳѾˣϣܹҵأзֲڰ˴Ļؽҡ
ͷУҲҪӵһݲҵͰѵڳҵĲҵ㡣ǵ̲ЩҵҾͻЩ彻ȻһĲݲ˳
лл
صлȻ뿪˱˻صפأѴһ죬ȻϪһЩˣ뿪ˣ뿪˻أŵķȥͬʱڵڶ죬˷ڰ˿ʼǨƣͬʱҵĲҵʼ

ڹȽд½ĸ״ģĵȣҲ͹ٵдд½ߣᣬ֮ڵĦеڰ״е˵ǰ
ǳ괫ĵһƪ
ڶƪд½ϵĵλӰ죬Լ˴Ǩƹȥ֮󣬻õЩдһ
ƪ꽲˵һĵΪʲô뿪򣬶ֹȥʮ꣬ѾĩʱԴΪ뿪ǨƵд½ĺԡ
󣬳Լ̬ȣǷԸǨƣɸеԸ£꽫һЩԴͿƼϣΪ෢չĻ
껹ѵΪʲôôͿʼǨ㣬ΪѾͻƵҪ׷硣Ҳ˵һͬǨĵˣٷص򡣶ĵˣҲоͻǨ㵽д½
˵һµĿʱ䣬˾˱㵽عٸǼǣȻȥ׼Ǩˡ
һƬÿ˵һ¡һ˴һǨ㵽һҪ淴ǣ⻹Ǩ㵽һУлط¡ֻǨ㵽д½зصĻᡣ
£Ѿ峢ӵԪζߣôԸһĩʱ
ÿ˶ܾᣬЩȥδ½ˣϪˣѷˣͱд½Ȼ֮ͨ󣬵ԪŨȴд½ԪŨԶǵȻԸǰд½ǿߺ֮˼άȫͬġ
ߣ׺ӵȵѾ뿪˵Ҫصд½ȥټд½ĵᣬԺڰǵļ硣
һƬæңд½ǱҲһƬæҡ
Ȼæҵȴʵܹ˳Ǩ㣬Ҫмˡ
˱սõռ͵ڰ˺ܶ࣬һϸд½Ǩ˺ܶ鷳
ҲǱؽڰǨ㣬Ͼ˻Ҫд½Ҫд½ҲǿõڰǨƣֻǨơ
Ǩߣ˲ڵ͵ؽ԰һһԲ͵ս޴ȫ㹻ĵطɴӵڰǨƶˣ˸ؽļ԰Ҫ֮ǰĺãټϷĲ֮ԸǨƣֻ֮һԸ£˿ճĵطѾ㹻࣬οһ໹ȫǰд½
һµʱȥͳѾϡ߲Ըǰд½ɵԸص
ˣڳ£ֳһٸһԭԳϪΪĵĹٸһصĵ˹ٸ
ϪصĹٸʱ佻еĹȻٸ͸תϪǴǨ֮ǰĸ׼¹ٸҪĹҲʮַأҪµǼᣬ»־סУΪ߳ɵ뿪֮ѾҪôĳˣȻǻҪ齨ӵȸ֯
һйȻأȴɵؽţһֱգ֮䲻ʱۡ
ֹµʱ䣬һܼܷڵ֮ϣ˴ǨĻ
꽫ߵ񽻸Ϫˣŵһд½ĵڰ֪ԼڰΪľҪӺܶࡣ
ڵȻ己࣬Ƕǵˣĩ֮ʣ徫Žᡣڵڰеˣд½ĵһ񣬾ƴ۸ӡ
д½ŹĽŹ񣬶˾ͬһͯոս뵽˵磬Ҫ
ڵڰеĽЩӳҲ˺ܶࡣ˺ִܶʽоźܶ覴ãڰ򽨳һȻι÷ɽʵһƽλϡ
һ
д½ʷϻûйд½ʵϵ쵼˾ˣǰĻĴΪǰ̨쵼ˣĴźҲù£㽫Ȩ𽥵طָ˰˴塣
ȴҪһ
뷨ȻҪ̸Ǳһ׼̸ܹҪ˵ͬƻҪϸϡ
ֻܹ΢һţҪĵһǰŵ͵˵ľסء
겢㽫д½˵һطᵥһط˵һط׼˴ɢںϡֹܹţὥγһںϣʱţ֮ĲἫȵģʧ
еǲ¹滮ڰµĳ㹻˾סȴƻ࣬еĳΪսѾΪ˷棬Ҫؽ
ûѡ߲д½ڵڰµӰˣ͵ӰһϹٸȻڰ档
ȡǿȨڰͳߣΨһͳߣڵڰֻܹгһ˵֪ĿǰѵķʽǳƤܹ
Ҫľ˶ȻһʵԼļƻڳд½ǵдʱźܸߵڵеǾ͸˵ˡ
ҳ˶ûʲôĴʩֻǾסʱҲûʲôΪ
д½Ǹովսңһ˹ľסᣬǴǨԶܹſƣҲȷʵÿ춼ؽ԰ķع֮Уûоȥģóʮ⡣
ʱ䣬еĵ˶Ǩ˹˳ƶһϵеߣһϵеĲţʵЩǻϰյϵĳɹġȻ꽫ЩŵĹܺҪ˲Ϸ˳ȻȷƸգԵڰ˽Ƹ
Ƹˣ꽻˵ˣΪֻⷽеΪϤȴϪˣѷһҪע⹫ƽ


1044
ǰ˻أһҪճҵغͰ˴ĻأҪһҪ˵ͬڵڰһ
û뵽һ棬㽫Һͳڰ˴ĸҵϽ˳ꡣҪڵڰ򽨹˼֮ʱûݳ˵꣬꣬ڰѾȫ㣬ҪξΡ
һЩл
ţڰֵһµʱ䣬鴦һЩһ֮Ҫǰ罻紦Է硣
۾һܹ׷磬ͻӭ췱Ǿͻմأһôǳ겻ǰͿһôд½ŨȻӣ겻ʱҲԶʵٶȻӡ
뵽Ӧ˽ܹһƽ滷оһֱѹԼϵѹȻɢ
ˣЩѹһֱͬɽһѹ˳ϣǶͬҲǼ⿪óһ
ʱҲͣسȡһʱѾ˺ʵĻۣɵһɲǣڵĵڰʮðɫϽɫͻƵ˼
ɫһ̵ϥ뵽ȶ֮С
ɫҲһ㶣Ȼųɫóֻͣ˲˳ͻƵԭҲΪµп
һ˾Ȼ縺Σһҵ𳹵׷Σĵµʲô
˻صԪıۣųӿ룬һӵ磬֮Ѿֲָ㶼ŨԪ⣬оһͻ˼ȻͻĶȴҲ˶١
顭
ԪΪ۵̫죬໥ײ֮ܿڱ֮γһ޴ԪУеͻ֮С
վڳĶ棬оһ
ǳѵ뿪

ǳЧӦûھȫЧܡ
ֻͻƵ˼ͻƵżŪĶͻ֮ʱҪ󣿡
ʵƲķǶԵģƾǳǲŪ˴ƣȴЩ֪
ʱڲǧһڲ԰ת죬ǹᴩһеʱѾôִ󣬶ͬҪʮѨɵǳҲС̶Сҿʼת
ؼóŪƾˡҲ˵ʱĳ겻ھϵͻƣڵЩҲԪ
ಡ
Ӱһзɳʮ˱֮⣬ű϶ֳֵɫԭΪеõͻƣ񿴵ͻƵƾ֪ⲻ
ǡ
˭
ҹ֮ڱϿյԪɢȥ˹۾Ŀг˾ϲ
ܲϲÿһÿ춼Լܹõϵͻƣο漶ͻƣ
ԽߵľҪͻԽѣ߼ͻƵ˼͸ӵѣֻҪ̰߼۷ʱ򣬾Ϳ֪жôļѡ
˼
ԭΪԼҪȵڰȫ֮󣬲ܹͻơû뵽ô͵õͻƣԳ˵һ֮ϲ
ͻƵ˼ĳֻҪٸԼһʱ䣬Ҫ̫ʱ䣬ڵڰܹ֮ͻƵ˼۷塣

ܹ׷磬ǹд½Ҳôõʱ䣬ܹͻƵ˼۷塣
ֱ۾˼ͻƵ˼֮ľϵǿˡҪ֪뵽漶֮ʵɲԪо˫ÿ漶ڵõͻƵʱľеõľÿһͻ֮ʱŽһ
Ųʮ˽ϥĳ꣬Ͼһ㶣ѯʵĿЦͷ
ʮЩˣ
Ŷãͻˣ˼ˣЩŬ˶ã߼ѾʼԽǣǵҲ֪һ㣬ӽ󣬳Ὣ˦ԽԽԶ
Ŀ˸һ£ϵսһաڵʮʱ˼Ҫͳһս


1045
ͷոոʮͷǾͲ𾪡һ߾Ȼһ˼ս⣬ȫǲ顣
һ뵽ʱ򣬾ܹ߼۷ױһսôͻƵ˼ʱܹս⣬Ҳ֡
뵽ʮҲսⰻȻ֪ԼʱѾǳĶ֣ʮأ
ĶֿɲңȵͻƵż¾ʮҲĶ֡ʱȴܹõдĿģ˵ڳһս֮ǵıҲܹ˶ɶõͻơ
뵽ʮ۾ȻһһϯضʼԼ״̬Լ״̬ڵ۷壬Աںͳһս
ʮֳ̬ϲɿЦáȻ֪ʮ˼΢һ£ԳʮáʮԽһսսͻƣҲԽһսʵոͻƵľ硣Ҳɳ֮ϣ۾
ʱŹȥһĻĻӽ뵽ħʼһĻĻϵԺУÿһĻȥľһ˿ǿ˵һĻĻֵʱ򣬳ڳǿӡ˳ʼ뵽֮Уɢһֲɣ嫵Ϣ
ϢոһɢʮͻȻĿ𾪵˳ꡣ
Ϣʵ̫ڻĹź嫣ǻûдһ˵ϸ֪Ϣ
ʲôϢ
Ϣ
Ϣڷչûʮûʮ̱۾Ϣ֮С
ǵĸ֪УΧļҾʧˣΧǽʧˣʧ˻ʧˣǷ·һƬǿ֮С
ǣǣǣǡ
Ϣ
ϵϢҲڲ֪ɢ˳뵽˳Ϣ֮УҲ֪ǵ磬ʮ˵Ϣڽڹ񡭡
ںϺϢڲ֪ɢ˳ȥڱ߱Ϣ壬ɷ׷׺ˣȻһȥϢ֮С
ʱڲ֪ţһ֮һЩʵϵ͵߱ͻƣ󲻶ϵͻơЩ߾˺Ͱ˵ĴսԭѾ۵ͻƵıԵֻȱһõ׷ͻơ
֮
ڵʮ½۾˴һЦȻûͻƣֻҪ֪һ±˴˵ܹ֪ͻƵٽ㡣
Ŀʮ֪ʮʲôʱģʮĿ֣ÿһ˫۾жŸ߰ս⡣
ô¶ѵʮҪд裿¾ҲĶְɣ
̹Ȼһ
ԣôңѵҪд裿
꣡
ʦ깧
Ҫдһ¡
ʦ
֪ʵѾʦʦҪдһ¡ҲӦÿʦѾͻƵٽ㣬Ҳдһ£ܹõͻơ
ɫԥһµðɡ
ʮ۾һ˵ߣ
䣬ʮűȥץץԴҲûж롣ΪЩֻȥսġǱ
Զ˻أɵ˸߸ߵĿСԶԶһߣʮΧм䡣
ʱȫˣڿתһȦȻ㶵ʵҪʲô
̰Ц꣬㲻ǴӦҪд𣿡
ҡоӷ裺ʲôʱӦˣֻǴӦʦдһ¡
ʦһôҺд裿Цʮ˺д衣
⡭ⲻ۸ǿǳ겻
ʲôģ߾ǴΪʦÿ˶ܺ㵥д裬ǲд裬ŰѾӦˣѾɲ㡣̰ϵ˵
겻ˣʮΧһǵŰˣŰ
꣬ͺдһ°ɡǾͲҪñˣóԼȫʵ꣬顣ų˵
Ľ֪һսɱ⡣Ҿϸһ£ոͻƵҲҪһҵսʵԼľ硣ʮϼѵĥʯ
ã
겻ԥˬشӦͬʱһϢͬžҹա
ʮӦϵɫҲϵû˲ĳڻǵսӵػǵƸӵˡ
Ϣɺܳû˿Ĳ֮ȴӿ·һ㣬Ϣȴ̲ž޴ܡ
䡭
ʮԵѾ˼£ΧĿռ䶼ŤʮĿȴֳ˹죬ЩŭΪʵ̫ƽˣʮó˸Ե۷ʵǳȴɷ·û˿׼
ֱǶǵһ衣
˫Ŀ΢΢ʵʮǴʱѾʵ۷״ֻ̬ʱеĹѾ֮ǰͬڸղڱУ̫һ֮ǰܹˮ֮ںϵһ𣬾񵱳ױսʱǾκ˫֮ûںϱը˳ȥױҲ˳Լ
ǣ˸ղŵһԼѾּܹںϵһȻѾһõĿʼ
ԭҲûаգǵʼת̫ʱе̲ڣû˿й̫ɹı־
紦ӣá
־ûǽеӡڣֵͬʱͶӡ˫֮䣬һȥʯ쾪
꣬𣿡ֳŭɫ
ڰûʲôУʵʮ֮⣬ûʲôӴҲ̸ʲôøзСֻǴʱʺͿɫ֪Լ͵ˣѾ׼ˡ
׼ˣ
һƬžΨи߿еķι
ʮͣųǾ飬ڶս֮ǰƽģҲӦһ˿Ϣйôƽ
üëҲų겻ῪЦ˵׼˾һ׼ˡǣΪʲôԼ׼˵ףѵԼһ͸
ʮûٳϸ䵱ױǳսԽǻ䣬ǵüͷԽǸʱĳ˵Ϣʮֿ񱩣ûƽ


1046
̰Ҳ΢΢¶˲ãų˵꣬㲻ҪǶױľǿ׼ȫһս׼㣬˵㣬ܻܿ
֪ͷǸʱֻ
ʮɫһ䣬һŭʲô˼˼Ѿ˼ǾͲóȫ𣿼ʹʮ֣
꣡Ҳסڡ
¶һ˿εʦ׼
̰ĿһãȻ˵Ѿ׼Ǿ͵׼λ׼֡Ҫó꿴ǡ
̰Ƕŭд½ҲֻͰķױĶ֣ʲôʱʱܹôƽˣһʮ֣
İλҲͷеķŭǵϢøӿֲֻ¶˵֮ɫ
ϣ
̰һʮмĳһֻһ˳ĸǰûжĻжƽƽһȭų˹ȥ
ֻƽƽһȭó괦Ԫ֮Уʮ޴ų
ûıֻһ޴ıΪһ˲䣬ΧĿͱʮſա
궯ˣ
˫̧ڿתһȦ˫˫˫֮Ȼ˫֮˳ȥ
ʮͬʱоԼȥľƺˣʮͷųʮʮʱʮ·˩ס˲ӣı˹ķȻһŰ˳ȥ
̫ȭ
Ŵɫ䣬ƴҪջԼͷųȥǰɫ԰ף˫Ŀ֮ͷų־塣
䡭
ε˳ȥڱ֮Ѫڰоͻ˹ȥһһֻס˰̽һȡһƿҩ˰ĿУȻ˻طȥ
һƬž
ʣµľŴųĿ𾪣ǵûΪģǵʵֻһȭȻǺҲܵһЩи¾ͻָ˹
ǳķʽȴ𾪡ʲôʽûп¶ôὫǹȥתƣ
λ¶һ˿ǸѾ̫İںϾ硣
߿еĴιŴȴһƬž
ںϾ磿
ǲûж̫йȻҲ˽̫еںϡ˵ױսʱ˫֮бĿֲ
ǸʱǶܹ껹ܹȫԦּµںָѾܹԦ
˼ܹԦʣµľŴɫء̰һ꣬˼̫ںϾ֮󣬾ܹеڱ֮ǰȫ̲ڣй¶һ˿
ǣͷ
ŴֳĬȥӰһٴγڿУĿ˺棬ϵսⲻʱطӿ

̰³һĿɨ˴Ӧ÷еĽغͳдһɣ
˴ʱѾû߷ߣеֻأ׷ͷ̰ų꣬ʮһ׺ϻֺϻһ˵»ɾ˺ϻٵˣҲܹγ˺ϻǾֺϻ̡
ͷҪ˵ʲôԶ˵꣬׺ϻϴģ޴󣬲һһô򵥡
ɫأ̫ȭʽ룡
ŴڿӶβǷɢΧм䣬Ǿһ𣬰ڳһơ

дһӿ֮Ÿͬһһų˻˹ʱڳҰУоŸ˾һˣֻǳ˾ſԴʮȺʮֻ첲
ʮֻ첲ʮҺֱʮ˸ˣȴһȫںһĸо
˫ְڶ̫ȭڿͬһƬӹ
顭
бܼĺüͷ΢΢һ塣
̫ȭǧǧҲǶԷǧأ
ʮȺʮֻ첲һ𣬸ĸоǳǧ
⵹˵ֻҲ˵ŴֻǳǧŴÿ˵һָҲֹǧ˵ŸֺͨϻѾ˳


1047
ԣ˰벽ֻǽԷжȥȴûзȥҲ˵ֻжûû
ӳкռһ·СĺڶԪﱩҡ漴Ŵٴη˹
һ˫ٴΰڶ̫İļʣ̫֮С
ɼ˫ϥ΢˫˫ȣſ籩ؽһʳȻζ
顭
ŴһһŴÿĹͬҲͬȣϬء
Ȼڿˣ˫ҲھŲͬĹȴڲͣ̾Ȼʮ׺ϻҲ̫֮̾¾Ȼűơ
ŴʱҲԳ̫̾һĹ򣬾ȻܹǾŴֻ֮¶΢İơŴڲϵعҲ̫Ͱ塣
˻
һ˫֮ͻȻֳ˿񱩵ˮ֮壬壬һһϵĹâ˫֮ת
ŴĿһֻ˲Ŵٴһ䡣ڳҰзܹǰǾŸˣڸ֪ȴоʱŸȫϳһˡ
䡭
Ÿ˺һȭгֵȴǾŵȭâһȭâһ˶ޱȵȭͷڳҰУų˹ȥ
һȭŴѾʵͷ˳
һ̣·ʱ䶼ŵ쳣١
һ̣·ռ䶼ѾڣǸ˶ȭͷ˲Ѿ˳ǰ
˫ǰһ࣬·һ򣬶ھǾκȻǰ˳ȥǸ˶ȭͷ˳ȥ
䡭
ޱȿ񱩵˫мй˫мѾγһڶ޴ײܱ֮ѡ
κˣһߺˣһ˫ڣжȥһ˫ְڶĹ켣Ȼζ
Ŵ˳ȥɾ޴ǰʧȥ˵ֿȻûпڱѪȻûˣǺһսǾŸˡ
Ŵϵļһس鴤뵽˻ʧܣȴû뵽֮ܵ졣ǻʹ˺ϻ
ಡ
һӰӾŴͷϷ˹ȥһų˹ȥ
Ȼ̧ͷȥӰһֻŷ·ס죬̤˹
ֳһ˿Ц֪̲סˡͻ֮һûж֣񱻳ǿϲ
һ˿Ц£еս˲䰺˫ƻˮ֮˫֮ת˫һ֣ȴǽйȥǺĨƴһߣ˫ֱĽס
ʱƺǧ˿ƲƵĽϣ˳ŽŴӾʱ˿ѾǱ˹٣Ҫ
д󾪣ʮֹŹ֣ûмٳȥԼͻᱻܡ
䡭
ԭż۷ʵҲѹԼʵ˲佫ʵ硣
Ա˲ԼϵľȻڿһתͷ½ϣ˫ȭ˳ꡣ
˫һȵк˫ȭײһſһסΣǳȴͬһһŴ׹䡣
˻
곤һסΣʹˣҲһǧף̧ͷͬһż׹ײ

ڵ֮
ˡ
ᴩһǵǱ˳˫˫֮ڣˮ֮壬壬ٴӭ˳ȥ
䡭
˫ͷųڿռײһ·׹䡣ֻû½һǧףֻ½ٶס
еֳ˷֮ɫû뵽Լʹȷŵһײһǳȴֻٶףȵһλн

˷ܵشһʵͷŵն·ڲϵݣ޴ųײ˹
˫ĿսⰻȻ
𣿺ǿ
ڵ֮ٴᴩһǵٴǱ˳˫Ѹ˫֮ڣˮ֮壬壬ͬʱγͷųԼ򣬶˫Ǵű
ǡ
δȳ꽫˫ǴűʩչǾȻܵ˳˫֮䣬ԭ˫֮ǰɫˮ֮壬ɫ壬ǵǳ˫̫֮֮ͼˣǳΪ̫ͼۣ໥׷ţš
һ̣оְںϵø̲صۺ̧ͷһڹƶ
䡭
޺ҫĿĹâ˺ɫգ֮䱬һɾ޴ΧӣŴѾúԶˣǴʱȴòٴμٺˡ
Ϸʮң˰ҡ˫ϵƶȻӣͷŵ߳ɡ
ۡ
һѪڿҡһ£ײһջǲˣܹԵظоûгȫ
ѪбһæɢȥϵƣųӶŴҲԶ߷
꣬ôе´
ҡͷû£СˣܿͻȬ
ͺãҲ¶ЦݵСӣаƵó˼ڣ治֪ͻƵжǿ
ҿͻƵͺǿˣɵ˳ǰ´һ³꣬ȷûд֮󣬲Цֻ˼ھܹƵʹҿ֪Сӣһ̤һ磬ò˶þͻ۷塣ҹСò˼µʱܹ˼۷塣ǸʱҪҪó
°ͺܸȤų˼һҹ߳⻹ûн£ٸıһ³ҵܲˡ꣬ͻƵ˼۷壬дһͼдȻûоˣȴҲһϣ´дʱܹˡ
ã
ҲԥصͷʵҪһҲѣôһд֣Ȼ֮á뵽д֣˫һ˵ںͰһսΣ
˼һ㻹Ķ֣ҪߵļУǲ󡣵ȵʵͻƵ˼۷壬ҹԺһսҲܹߡ


1048
ڰһЩ˽ɣܲܰǵϸң
ʲôųܵ˻ȥս
ûоʵ˵˽һ¡
˼һ֮ص˵꣬˵ĵλЩȻӦø㣬Ҫסȥðա
ǣ֪صͷ

˻طȥŴ˺棬뵽֮󣬾Ŵȥչأų뵽Լı֮󣬴ӵϽ˵֮ݸ˳ǰ˵ϣҲϽȥڰ鴦ãһºһȥڰϣȻȥ硣
ǣӹϣа𣿡
֪ɫʱҳɹ񣬶ᴦڼ״̬Ҫǵı
ɫһ𣺡˵ˡ
صͷܿǻûϮɱҡǸʱҼΪΣգͰûʲôв߳ͿӦĸѾɱòˡΨһвǰԵʱҪˡҪ
ףصصͷԭһȲˣȫϵڰͽܳҵĵ̣ȴı⣬׼Щ鶼ȥԼȫȡһµʱ佫Լʵһ
뿪˻أѸٵطؿ˵ڰ򣬵ڰƸѾѾʼתȽеĸ߲ټ˵Լļƻ
ļƻܹһƻǽڰһңҹҵɽġĵ쵼ֱеˣᣬд½ԭɣÿһ쵼Ƽǵһͳȴǳ꣬ʮΪһ죬Ȼͨѡѡһͳ
ڶǳյĳҵȴڻģǳڳ壬Ҳ˵ҪһԼļ塣ؾڵڶ򣬻ڰ˸еİ˸غɲҵ
꽫Щ߲㼯еһ˭Ը뻪Ĺ쵼㣬˭ԸҼ壬һҼ壬Ժǳҵһӣǳ뵽쵼㣬ֻܹרΪ
һ˼֮Ϫͻ͵˶ѡ˼ңҲһЩѡΪЧ֮һ߼뵽ң֮ѡ뵽ҵ쵼㡣
ȻҲͷѷΪһθͳҵĽ趼ѷɫһ㶵еĹңʲô
ȻҪˡϪЦ
û뵽ȴһҡͷҪΪһºҪһ飬ϣһܹҵʵһ˿Ҳá
жһȻûʳ꾿ʲô飬ܹó½ͼ֮£ȫźܴΣաÿжʮǵ˵֧ڣ˾ܹƽд½겻ˣԵʵ»ܿͱд½Եʣ¡ѷվ̬һὫ֮´׵
㣡ͷѷȥæ֮¡ϪȼȻ¡
ǣ
ѷ֮뿪Ϫ֮һǾԭءѷѾȫ뿪ϪϪȥѵڴڵĵ
ǣ
Ϫվ뿪˻ңһһȺ˽зӥߣ׺ӣˡ
к£ֽղŵ˼һ顣ΪһԸԼļ壬ӥҲһᡣû뵽һ̬ȴǷӥǸ׺һĻո£׺Ӿȿڵ꣬Ըļ塣ңҵܵһһЩȥ˵ҲҪļ塣
ãͷӦʵҲΪ׺ӼԼȽϺã׺Ǹӣ뵽쵼㣬ֳ֪ʲôӡ
Ҽ룡
Ȼӥڶ̬½½˱̬ҲҪ쵼㣬ߵˡķ֮һ˼뵽˳ҡ
ߵ뿪֮󣬳ϪΪҴܹܣһйȻ꽫ϽϪ֮󣬱ȥ
һº
ʮ֮漶ϵ˵ڰ򣬳꽫ӭ˸ۡһµʱ䣬뵽˲ڡ˵ͷԽǿԽȫ


1049
ֻϢһ죬ŵȥ˶漶ٶȼ죬ֻ˲ʮʱ罻紦Ĵ£ûȥκһ͵ͨһħũ֮ͨһռ䣬һֻȭͷСУǸȫ͸ΪתͿĴڡ
ǳ׷ĹؼôСƵؿǸСС
ɫЦɲҪСǲС
ͷû˵ֻǸСе۾ɳ˺档
ɢ
һ£ЩɢһơʮҲͳ꽻ֵĺϻͣվ
䵽ϣϯض۾뵽Ϣ֮Сʱ֮վΣſǸСз˹ȥȻһֻ̽ǸС֮УڵԪСͽȥ
һ죬죬졭
ɫѾò԰ףûһ˿ѪɫȥѾʼǿռû˿ı仯
ڣռ俪ʼһһ˵̽ʱǷ⣬ʱǵôܹɲǼֱúڰȻٰ
ռ俪ʼز

Ĵʯͷʼɽ忪ʼ£濪ʼѡ
ۡ
һѪŵ׹䡣ֳ˰֪ʧˣ˫۽˻˳һۣǾɥȻͷһᣬ˹ȥ
˵ϣСط˵ϣȻȡһƿҩ죬ҩ˽ȥ
ಡ
һӰͻأسڿУȻһֻŲڵϵһȭֻš
䡭
һ죬һ뵽硣Ӱ˳ȥҲǵɳȥף漴Ȱڶų˹ȥնһƬӰ
顭
γȥӰ˲ͷ˳ȥ֮Ӱ΢һ漴ͷų˫Ǵű
䡭
Ӱɢֳ˰ӰһֻȭͷųԴ˫ǰһ£һ࣬ˮ֣֮˫γ̫ͼۣ˫һӭ˿еļŴȭͷ
䡭
˫ų棬ε˳ȥֳ֮ɫ
ಡ
İ߷ɳ۶ǰ棬̰ĴӭµѾվߣͷ˿жӵĳͰ
һֹס˸Ҫڿն˱µȥ̰նɱҡ
ꡭǵغ
ʦߣȫֵܹһУοδгһеĻᡣֻҪ𣬵ǸʱҺʮΧɱʱ̡
ܵİڳ߲Ĵ󣬵˵߼նɱµЩ߾Ҫ˺ܶ࣬Žһϣң־ԶŵӣȻһһسȴͬʯһȻ
յһ׽ɱǶ൱¡
ĵϿȴһƬžͰڿԶΧվ
ĻƤӾһ֪ɱΨһᣬҲǰܹΨһᡣ
ͻƵ֮󣬰һزС֪˺Ͱ˾Բܺ˫СϵĲͬΪ˫ϵԯޣǲòΪС
ͻƵƱûзŹ˵Ŀܣ˺ܾãȴû뵽һֱû԰˵Ķ֮㷴Ӧ˹Ҫ׷硣
˵ʵǳĽͻһ棬һһ׷磬ôͻӮд½𾴣ʣཫﵽһ˿ɱȵĸ߶ȡ
ǣҲ֪һɱĻᡣڳ׷֮һἫȫʧȥս
ǻᣡΨһĻᣡ
ʮûзᱻסҪں
Ҫ
ΪֻҪһᣬͿԽɱȫ
Լлᣬһֹһλᣬһ
ǡ
û뵽ΪĶ֣û뵽ʵǿȻסȫĽȻ·磬Ǻʳ赲ʵ
ಡ
˳Ļ̰֮ȥûзֿЭ̰ĴΧɱױһվԣĿͻȻ˳赲ҪĲֻ࣬ҪܹסһͿԣͻϹ
ضŶĳ꣬ȴѾļƻеĲ
ĴΧɱױһˣ£òһӵʱ䣬ױͻȻ󽫻Χһ֮Χһ
ΧɱʱԽԽԽ̣°Сʱͻ㶼ǸʱʮΧԼһˣԼǿҲ漶ʮһΧɱɡ
̵ʱɱ
˫ĿͻȻͬ̽յƣϵȻͬһܷɻһų긩ȥ
˫ǰ˫֮ˮ֮ǳתĿ˸
ϡ
ͻȻһѽųüĴ˹ȥһƴ̹ǵ˳ꡣ
˫һ̧̫ͼԼǰ
ˡ
ĳ̽˳˫֮䣬ȴֹ˫̫֮ͼ档
۾΢΢һУ͸һ˿𾪡û뵽˫̫֮ͼȻܹסĳ
ȣ
һٴųüĴȥ̫̽ͼУȻ̫ͼȴһһ׽ӽüġ
겻ܹˣֻҪһˣͻȥɱʱһָо̫һָĹȴʺǰҪ񱩵ĹסԷΪΪԼأֻΪ˱Լ̫ȭǧǳʺϣȴܹǧȴԷھҪһǽһɽ¶Է


1050
ͻȻüëһֳһ˿־壬д󺰵ʦСģ
ͬʱ˫һ񱩵Űȥǳȴһ飬Լ˫Ʒһʱ򣬰Ѿ˳ȥδӹŵȥ
һȻһ˸ԳԼıȥһֱţǿĹõķء
䡭
˱ײһ𣬱޴һҡΣ
ǡ
ÿ˷صŻϵ¶˳һ˿ϲɫڿһ٣еĳ˻ڵϵࡣ
ϡ
һеĳڿȥ谵ĳٶҪȰһߣʵϵĲ࣬Ǻ֣еĳѾ֮ǰӽ࣬ͬʱһ˵ĳĻ˹ȥ
ֳЦ·𿴵౻һᴩĳ
ಡ
һӰŵ˳ȥ

һƽһĳ˳ȥеĳȥ
ǡ
ײǳǳ̽صղǵӰǳ꣬һ⵲һʽĻᣬɶ˳ȥ
꽫ŵ˵ϣŴ㵵վİȡ˾õ
ųĿ࣬´˳һۣĿһ
˼ڣ
ͷûнžõɫʮءоǿΪż۷塣
˫ֳɱ⣺ĺܿ죡
ûֻǵ֮ڵǳ֮ͬһӿ뵽֮У֮ڱᴩһ쾭Ǳеľõۣ˳ʮʽİļʡ
Լĵȫͷ˳ŰУ˿иرǸղǴξľĴﵽ˼㡣
ų꣬з˲Ρɳ̫ˣоԼ䶼˹ϡѾ߹ˣȴû뵽
ǵڶ
Ŀһ۵ϻԵѾصԵеɱʤ
ɱȻɱ꣬¸ٲصĴۣ˱
ಡ
γ˹ȥеĳڴ;˾ŴΣŴĵӷһʧϵĶ
ŴĵӴӰʹ춯أ̳һź𶯿ѣʯɣǱͬһͷųâ
䡭
ŵѹ˵ֱĳ꣬ǵϵһоһϢĸо
䡭
ˣƷ¡¡ͬһȻӭ˶İ񱩵Űйȥ
䡭
׺ضײһǰԭ׼һ˳꣬ȻɱϵŽаճͽӲס
ۡ
ĿһѪбֳһ˿Цαŵ温ȥ
ǡ
䡭
һһâŰͷն꾹ȻƴѪҲûкһʮʽһŰȥ
һͬһŰ˹ȥоһиû׼˫űڿɣһźˣһ˳ȥ
ˡ
һɣһƬ֮г׷˹еľõն¡
ǳһ԰ͬһƥգʱֻܹʮʽͰӲƴ˵ֻܹʱ䣬ӵһսϵİնɱܹʮͳΧɱľ棬Ǹʱɱ˰Ҳܹȫֹɱ
䡭
˵һײۿɼĿܷͬһ֧֧һ㣬Ȼڿ˼ʸƿյϵһæӶűֵһ֧֧񱩵Ŀмһ߾Ȼγɵˣһ߱γɵ䱬ͷ­
Ŀڱ֮һѪȴǾǿûкһеһηն


1051
䡭
˫ڲͣغʱѾȥǴɱųﲻҪĹ֪Լûлḩ嵽ĸǰǿ嵽ĸǰһڣҲһУֻ֮ǰ꽫ߡ
Ψһİ취̵ʱڽɱաΪ赲ÿһʮʽֵ˫ۣ϶ἫĳԪͲųֵܹƳһӵʱ䣬ֻҪԪľԽһնɱˣ˭ܹȥնɱ
ȷʵֲһӵʱ䣬֮ǰҲû뵽ԼҪֱֶĵķоԼܹ֧ʮӾѾﵽ˼ޣһҲ
䡭
ǿƣȴ֪ڵǳ֮ڼؼ٣ʣѾࡣֻ۵ĶײУûʱȥʳǳҩ
΢΢üͷѾȥ˰˷ˣΪʲôͣѵĻ᲻ͣôȥ
̰һۿгıӰȻɱ뺷ȴҲ˳ڱ֮䲻ͣѪбһ˿
ӰѾ
̰һеĳ˲ڵԪӳ˳Ȼһֻͷ
оһ̰ƴףѾóǿĹһȫҪһ˿صʽΪ˵ˣÿ˶֪̰һʹһʽֱ֮һԪ
˲ûͷȥ֪꣬һǳЩֲסˡҲͬʱóԼǿĵƣܾ˵ʽ
䡭
һ죬ױ㱻˲֫⣬̰ͷһ۳꣬һѪȴ͵һһҧһ˹ȥҲͬˡǸˣԸһﻹʤ㣿
̰ǴʱҲԷᣬһȫܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ǸȴȻ˶Էȴ޷

Էܾ˵Ĵ򷨣˫£˴һܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ȴҲöԷܾˣʱоǿĳӿ赲߾ȫҲ赲ǿնΣӿ¡
ֳ̰ųȥÿһѪʱʱѾȥ˾ŷӣ֪ԼҲܹսȥһ̰
̰оһ֪ǳڱֲסˡ²˿ԥĸųӶ
ʱҲڵѪԭ˵ĸ־ͱնɱòˣ̰նɱ˵ûͻƵҲȫʧȥ˺˾ʵѳɱ˾븲Զ
Ե󺰳֪֮ӦûжˣҲһϲóԼȫʵܾ˵ʽų깥˹ȥ
ִ򷨣Ѿǿ֮ĩĳ޷ӦԣαƵòסˣҳ껹ܹΪֻҪһͻɱĻᡣ
ɽȴһһѪγƵѾﵽߣڵǳ֮ĵøӿ٣ɫѾʮֲ԰ϢҲʼ
ಡ
̰ǵӶǿ˳Ĳ֧ԶԶرóܾ˵ʽų깥˹ȥͬʱĳһƣ̰˹ȥ
䡭
ŵ׹䣬ڴҵʹһʽˣһһ뵽ڣƻ塣
䡭
һ赲̰ôһ˲ôһ˲ȴð˳ȥͬһһس˵ϻԵ
һ۾ͬĸ̽յƣƱ㣬Ѿóƴ̬Ŵӿиİɱȥ
ʱϢҲǺȶڵԪҲһϣ֪һλܹɱͳʧȥ˻ᡣμ׹䣬Ԫ䣬嶼˹âͬһ׹ǡ̰ˣҲƴ׷
Ľ˳ȥڿ𶯾ŴΣХһŽӵųһ
䡭
һһһҷ˳ȥĳֱ룬˻ڵϵ
ꡭ
һ֮𣬳ͻأվǰһʽܹһ
һѹڵնѾǰ
̾һĵ˥ĽʽҲһĥһ룬ǷܹͻƳķ»δ֪

һһڿײε˳ȥ廹ڰоѾ˹ȥξһ٣վǱסǰĲ
ಡ
̰ѾΧ˹Χм䣬һ˳еķŭѾﵽ˼㡣
Ϊ½ĩն磬û뵽ȴô˻ǰϮɱɵ˼㡣
䡭
̰ΧŰһǻصߣܵ˳ĸǰһ֪һƻų壬̽ԼԪͽȥʼһ
ʱͳ궼뵽֮Уðնɱͳϣһߺһ˵ϻԵͳꡣ
ܷŹᣬǧѷһλᣬ˽ˣֻҪʱָܹǸʱд½һΪ𡣡
˵Ȼµâ˼£Ҫɱ̰ˣֻҪǰΧȦרעһ̣ûȥͳ꣬׼ǿһʽ
ǣʱ۾ҩãӻ˹û˿˹̰רעΧ˵дʱŵ˼㣬ܹ֪ڱרעڵǹŰһרעعעе
ĿĹˣΧ״Ҳ˻Եĳꡣ֪ʱѾĹͷؿʼ۸ոջָһԪ
䡭
бһ貵ĹâӰܵȦѿһ϶δ϶д˳ͬһ⣬˲һĸǰ


1052
һɵرԼǿһǿһɵֵסĳε˳ȥڰоѾ˹ȥеĳͬһش˹ȥ
ȻתףеҲ͵վֻһͷ
ˣ
ֳЦһ˿ЦδţͻȻ˿־壬۾ͬʱֳָ̧һ
顭
һָ˰üģͷ­Ȼ飬ͬʱԱһǱ̽ļ򣬽˵ϡ
飡
ͷʬˤԣ
ʹ΢΢һüͷмһ֣ɱ
ɱ̰һĴŰ˵İɱ˹ȥʱһֱڷص߱һƬɱʼ
˲ת
߱ˣʼӴܡ߿ʼ׷ɱǶ֪ǳ׽˵ʱ
ռžּҲž
ּʱֻʣĸˣ꣬һ
ͳ궼ˣʱѾ˹ѾڵǹŰ֮󲻵һӵʱ˹
ҪԼ˵壬һģܵϲأֻǳ֮Ĵֱ֮衣ҪԵԭͬƣΪ˻ԡˣڵǹŰأڱʱ
ȻûˣֻԪľԳҲûиֱ֮ӽ䲻֮ϵ͵̷ڲ֮ǿ£ǲصֻ˰ʱȫָ֮㿪ʼʳǳҩתǳʼָԼǳ֮
һĬĬңΪǻ˵ѾѾûʲôܹвһҲвǡԣ̰߽İɱ֮Ű뿪ɱ˰˵ϳ
һ죬죬졭
һܣܣܡ
ʱѾȥһ£ͳɱԭеƣû˿ѹơ
һĿͳջһۣ˵ж¶֮ɫ
ͳڵͶָʵϵϢһȴûһ۾һƲӦͳ򣬵ȴȫȷһȫȷˣΪоͳϢøˡ
ֻһͣǾͳʵˣ

Ϊ˳׷磬ľһ˿Ԫ֮һ˿򡣶֪쾭ģԵ֮󣬱㿪ʼ˱ڶ
Ҳ񣬻Եɺϡӳõľͻƣķ򣬸Ϊ׷֮ʱ֮еõոı˵ڶõʵһ㡣
Ͱⳡν֮дֲҲдԵͻ漶һؿΪһżߣȻûдﵽż۷壬ԳʺĹֻһʱ⣬ʱ仹ܾá
ͻƵżһսȻҲͻƣͻȴǼСֻǶһɴڽ׶Σ۷嶼ûдﵽȴͻһλ˼۷ͻƵżڣϴͳдʱ򣬳껹˼ڣڴͳд衣
һϺд裬Ȼ֮á˱˸߿дһСʱʱȻľѹƲס꣬ռϷ硣жʮȥܵһʮ𾪣ͬʱҲʮڴ껹ֻżڣż۷ʲôʵ᲻սʤڣڣ
ĬͣЦ˵жʮֿģоԼڿԷصΣλӽ꣬ǰ̽ˡ˵ֻҪԼ뵽ż۷壬ͻ׵ؽ뵽ڡ
ľѾȫ죬ͨϴǿеˣǿգ³꼸жȹģ´ȥȫһججģǳ곤ʱڶе״ֶľѾﵽһԼ֪ĸ߶ȣֻȴʮԼľһﵽ磬ֻǲ֪ﵽʲô̶ȡ
һ뵽ż۷壬ΪѾȫ죬ľﵽʲô̶ȣͻ˲ﵽʲô硣


1053
ʹľﵽ۷ľ磬ʵ˲ﵽ۷塣ȻûôԴ󣬲ԼδҲڴ
ĸ˻طȥڰ·̰ˣ̰ͨĻ㱨ѾγˡмߣҲ˲ˣߵҲ֮ǰżȻΪĳûзػصߣǵʵܵͣ˵д½Ѿȫ˵С
˷˻أ˵ڰ
ʱڲֹ֪ȥһ£ʵѾż۷塣ǣһգȻһʧڷڣվݼ֮ϣſȥ
ڰǿͻȻһƬ㣬Щͬǳܿ챻ԽԽ˷֣һ㶼̧ͷȥȻһƬһ˿
Ƭ㽥طŴʮٹƬ̣һѾʮЩһǺս
ͣ
ĸָУ̱óأĿЩǺս
ಡ
ʿɵ˳ߣǵڰǿߣ˵ʵʲô
Ǻսͣ˵
ΧһƬžгءǶд½ֹһ͵ʮʱ⾪塣
̸ظλڣҪɧңȻһսʱ׼Ϳս
ǣ
һӰʧڰͬһ̨ܵĻ˳תվݼ֮ϣעſеһƬǺս
ЩǺսڿͣʵ̫Զֻܹģؿһ㡣ЩǺսڿͣ˰СʱȻŵһķȥ
δݼ֮ϷЩǺս׷ȥ֪Ҳһǰһ׼͡
һ
̫ƽǡ
һ޴Ǻս鸡̫ƽǵϿգʮңʮǺսڿУ̫ƽϿա
ʱ̫ƽһƬ֣̿һӷ߳ſеǺսеһǺսϴһŻŻ߳һˣĿɨ·̫ƽڵЩڣϾ¶˲м˵һȺϣ
ʱӰ߷ɹǱ뵽̫ƽǣʱڽֵȺеĳһ۱ϳһƲ롣
˷˿УϴŽŵѣ˭д½£
ǸĿɨƲ룬еɫӵزмǿߣ
ǣƲҡͷǿ
Ǹߵ˵
ã
Ʋ̫ƽȥǸҲصԼǺս֮ڣǲȴûйϡ
궨һҾƵĿͷȻվ˴ǰſеǺսȥ΢΢üͷ˳˼д½֮󣬲ûдɱ䣬Ҫ̸Щʲôղųֵ˶ż۷壬ҳҶ϶һʵǿߣһ߶ʵô߻ʲôʵ
һ
ʮǺսϵ˺ģһֱû˿Ķֱ̫ƽǵϿա
ſеˣ֪һڹעߵķչ˵Ѿʼ˵һЩӢ
˴η˳ȥ˹ȥ
꣬ôˣԾʵ
ܲ𣿡ɬ˵
һǺսҪ˵洫һɣ
һۣþ꣬һ˽ȥ仯㲻Ҫκ飬ڻ㣬ߡһڽΪǱ𣬽д½нȳ

㲻Ҫ˵ˣǵˣҲǵˡҵҲԵͬһĸǣһˡ
һֱǺսĲŷȥɫһ㶣̶̾һҲŲŷȥҲԥؽ󣬴ʱҲû˺ܿ˲ǰ
߽ţһͨͨǰվŸղǸż۷ߣؿһ۳߸ˣȻ󵭵˵
߸˸Ǹ߹ͨһǰǸƿ˲ţĿŲȥڰڷһڳĺ沢ˡ
߸߽˲ţĲűǸżߴϡڹϵһɲǣоһӴѹӿ˲佫ʵ۷壬ڵԪ죬ǽڶ˸°͵
ɫأѹʵ̫ˣһֻһͬʱƣֻһ˷ƾóоһ޷ֵơ
Ԫתڵֿ֮Ŷ洫ѹĿδ˵ɨб㲻һȫ֪ʵֻܹ֪Է硣΢΢бӷĶͷѾ֤˵ʵҪߣ⻹ֻƾƾͰѹƣ˵˾Բֹô򵥣Ҳڣڡ
ó̾ǣ䶼Ȼ꣬ǿҪܶ࣬ӵʵǸǳҪд½߼˺ܶࡣ
ÿһ˵϶źͬĵط˵ĸоȻɲ⣬ȴһº͡ǰ˵ȴɢѪɷ֮һ֪Ǵвɱˡ
ʳھ˵ϷֹֻϵѪɷ֮ҪŨ࣬·ɱ
ۡ
ۡһһѪεŵŵŵˣײڲձϣֻһѹܴ
ͷŲŵĹâҲд½ĶߣȴԷƶסԷҪɱǵĻֻһоͿͬʱĨȥˡ
ѹ֮£ڵһٵÿһڵ֮ڣַ֮УڴһڵĵһһϽɫżڡ뵽ż֮󣬱оܵѹһڱ֮ػָƽ
ĿǸͷѹˣĥʵʲô磬ʱ˵ĿҲڳϡ
ΪһҪľǸ֪ǵʵô֪ڸղųѹ֮¾ȻͻƵڣⲻǶԳ귢ȤһаСӾʹȻΪؿ̫ã


1054
ʮĿų꣬ͬʮųóоԼһƬ֣ǵصѹһӿڵ֮һᴩһԾ
ˡ
ᴩһеͻȻСһȦһȦӿ˵һǵһ˲Ͻɫóѹʱһ
ӭλд½
ڣмǸؿһ۳꣬ջŵƣĸĿҲȻ˳һ㣬Ŀ

һɫָƽԲ໶ӭλд½
ǲҪǻӭмǸ˵˵Ҫǵĳ
ĬˣѾ֪Է˶ÿһ綼ߣͬһϡһʮǺսװŲ֪ߣֻһǺսд½꣬д½ǵǰľͬӤûеֿ
Ҫγ
ʵѾע⣬ԷҪ̫֣Ūȥȵ뿪Ǻսٺභû˿ġ
ԵĳҪʲôʲôǸ˵
ĬȻ֪ǶԷҪȫūд½ھԴڻңд½ץū
һƬֻг߸˴صĺ
˵ɫû˿ı仯ΪɾˣȻϲŭɫ
˵ˡ
ЩҲûаѳ˷ǿд½˾һȺ׵⤡
ҪʲôͻȻʵ
Ҫ飬һ֯ǵΪд½ѰһЩָԴڶǽ漶ϵ߼ʱǵ
һۣ˵жѾȷԼġд½ΪھԴȻΪǵڻңѾӦˡʲôҪ񣬵ȵ֮󣬾ץд½˷Ϊū
ǿ֪ѰʲôԴͼߵʲô𣿡ʵ
ѰҵԴǻһӣʲôǵˣҪ֪̫ࡣмǸ˵
ߵĵһ¶һ˿ЦݵʵĿҲ֪ǡд½
ǣͷ
ǿźͨʲô
򣡡Ӧ
Ӧ֪д½͵ڲͬռƽпռɣ
ţ㶼ͷ
д½͵Ҳȫͬƽ档ƽʱƽǲܹͨģͨͨյѶϢҪȥǸ濴
ĬˣʱĸǰȻܹ˵ʲôֻǳĬصͷмǸµʱ佫漶߼ҿʼѰԴҪԴĿ¼ǳȥɣǻɰһȥǴǽǸˡ
ĬĬ˳ȥͷ߳˲ţ㿴λ⣬ؿ߸һ۵߰ɣ
ĬĬ뿪Ǻս˲ɣ໥þš
˰ţ
֮ǰѾˣһЩӢѾѾĸĸӺҲˡ
ֻҪЩ˲ߣ˳׷ҲǾūڻҡ

ҵȵȻ֮󣬾͵Ǳץ͵Ϊū
ǣ
ô죿
ǡ̫ǿˡ
ǲսʤ𣿡
ǸʱֻһǺս
Ĭȥһ˻طȥÿ˵鶼ΪءֻǸ˵Ŀг¶߸ϵĲм
ô죿̲סٴʵ
ֻܹǵ£ȻѰһᡣ
ֳĬһ꣬ҸӰɡ
أ
ǡֻһǻôǶߣǻᱻŭ»նɱһйߡ
Ҳߡϰս⣺ҵҪЩ˾ǿʲô̶ȣ
֪˳ս⣬΢Ȼи¶˱ӣͬڸһֻϣѵ鶼ûС


1055
뵽˻֮󣬳ѾĬһжȥţǶԼıչ
д½ת漶߲üУʱ˻֮Уô漶߲ˣ׺ӵҲӵ˳ĵ绰
ҪԴϣ̽Ĵʼд½ѰҸҪԴ
һж⣬ȻɫɱӣȴֳĬ˵һתƺЩֻҪд½ЩˣֻǴҶܹӰпһ˿Ū
µʱȥʵѾﵽڣֻһͻƵƷ۷塣
˴˸ǵĺŵķС
ʮǺսǰ棬һȺмһҷʮŰ
ʮĬĬû㶼ĬĬ֪ڻңʵǿһЩҲܹľһЩ
ˣĬĬҲЩûйͬԡ
һµʱȥаʱͽ뵽
ʱ򣬳ϵϢһ󲨶һϽɫһʵѾﵽ۷塣
̸оԼʵżǿͻƵƣɵؼѹͻơΪ֪ԼһͻƻͻƵʲô̶ȣֻͻƵڻã˵ĹעԼһͻƵ۷ҲãԱı¡ֻͻƵĲ㣬Լ̻ᱻ˼ɵϾԼһͻô࣬˵һв˭֪ʲôʱһͻƣ
ԣ϶ԼĻһԥؽնɱ
һ۳ֳ꣬һ˿죬û뵽ͻƵô죬͵ż۷塣
Ҳֻ΢һ£㲻ٹġһż۷ҪͻƵ磬ǿҪ𽥸ıһȻ󻹵ľϣڰҪͻƵ磬ûиȫܣҪ꣬һҲΪ
Ҳ˵ڵĳȫвѾż۷壬Ҳ۷Ķ֡һҵ۷һݸ۷пɱ
ٹע꣬ǿʼעˣҪǲҲͻơ
һֱ뵽ҲûͻƣЩͣһ£Լһ֮󣬱žǵķʻȥͻȻڶ԰˵Ҫڵټ漶ߣûǸҪˡ
ţȤųꡣ
û漶ߣʵǿĲ񼶱𡣡
üͷô֪
꿴һ۵ҾԵ򡣡
˲ˣǴӵǨƵд½ߡǱȡһ˵˼䣬Գ˵
ͷվŰ߳˲ţǺսȥ뵽ǺսڰĴ½뵽һνǸ䡣мǸָһһоƬڿмתų꼤
ֽסԷ˵ʱ䣬㽫ҵźһУѰоƬеĶ
ף
ȥѣ
˳ȥֵظ󣬳žǵķȥԭֵǿ˳꣬һϵɫ̶ߺ񣡡
񣡡

ؿ˳һۣЩԳЦЦϼӰų˹⼸˾ʵƿߡ
񡭡
˰ֱ֣ŻȥصɫǼɫҲֳһ˿˳
뵽֮󣬳ҲûԵ˵һ飬Ǽɫֳ֮ɫĿ˰εһ̾оƬŵϵȥɣһ죬ǹ뵽죬Ǿͻ뿪ڲܹù뵽졭
˵ЦһҲͲҪˡ
ɫһ䣬ĻöǲܹýĹ뵽죬Ǿǵڡ
ꡭ
ȥɣذڰ֣۾
ɫȻصͷȥּž
һʱȥֻˣ˭Ҳ˵һֱ۾ȴѹʵֻҪڷſѹƣ̱ͻƵ
ͻȻڵƺδˡ
ſ۾ҵ𣿶ѡ𣿡
ĬһӵӦ뵽δˡ
ǣҲû
ʲô
֪
֪
֪
ʵǵֻһ˳ӣһǷ
̧Ƥ˰һЦǷǵ˾ֻһǾ㲻ᷴ԰ɣ
ͷʵǰ겻òһ㡣Ͱǰɱ
˳ȴѡ񡣡ų񣬰¶Цݣ˳ӷ֣һ־ò˳ӣǱ˳ӡǲõǵΣǵ;ֻһΪڻңһΪūһ˳ȴ˳ӡȻ˳ҲǿϣҲ˳ӵʸ񡣡
ѾƽŰڳıֺ⣬¶һ˿͡
ҶܸȤȻд½͵ǳȡ㹻ĵλҲ²ĲĻӦˣһԪϡĵϾȻܹ˳̶ȣ֤ʷǳáܹͨʱǰд½ȡýλĵλ֤־ǳǿһĵ·
ƽŰٴ¶֮ɫҰɣҰ㷢롣
ɫ΢΢һ˿仯Ȼָƽ˵Ҳס
ȻʧЦ㲻ǲףĿǰ²˾ġҲգҾ͸һҵı
ǳҪģԳܺ˵¶һ˿Ȥı顣ֱӣóһı飬˵ľϵ
񲨶һ£һ͵ҲǵĿƼˮƽѾܹ۲⵽ڵǸϵӦøһ֣ͬҲǵĿƼˮƽûй۲⵽ڵǸϵľϵǳңԶмҪͨ涴ռڵԾľϵǳ󣬶ˣڵϵʲô
ڵϵϵд½ϵҫϵ


1056
ͷ߱ǳƺΪ棬д½߱ǳƺΪ档Ҳ˵Եľϵڵǲ˽⣬ҵһǼ̽աҴſһ£ϵҪȽҫϵСһҡ
ͷΪ죬д½ϵĵλͨյϽϵȽϣò˵ıȽϺȷ
ľϵҪȽҫϵʮϣʮӦʮʮ屶֮䡣
¶˾ȣɿڵǡѾȫľϵ
΢΢ҡҡͷҲܹ˵ȫˣҲ˵ȫˡ
ЩĿ⣬ЦŽ͵ľϵһϵ滹Сϵ
ͷʾףͺñϵл̫ϵһ㡣ף˵ЩСϵʮء˵ʮֲֿŲܹеȻĵطûգѾȫա
¶֮ɫڰǸϵǿ˴ϵǾȻѾȫգǵǶôǿʵôߵĿƼд½ľϵǰжôѸٵػָƽд½ҲʮСʹǳҲһ۷壬ξ־ѾƸ֡
´ųͷܹ˾޴Ĳ֮󣬻ܹƽ־ֵ϶Ҿ־˵ľϵһҲûмܹȳǿһ£ԼҲδܹñȳáбȷҪ꣬ΪԼʵ¡
ʱĳͬҲڴĥţ԰ӵʵľϵʲôλıʲô˴ϵȲǴһͳľ棬ľϵռһʲôĽɫ
ľϵһƽϵֳĸľϵֳĸ֡ǰĴ֮һҸ׾졣Ҹܹ߸ӣСҴѾءҵҲһأֻż۷塣
˵ֳ˼ţҵСĸҲʮ꣬һܹΪ
Ŀ¶һ˿𾴣Ƕǿߵ𾴣ڵ޹ء
еһ˿𾴣ֳЦݣ꣬Ѿż۷壬Һܿδ㱣ڵ״ҲֻܹڻңܴĿܻǼ̽աΪ£ΪЧҡһһδ
˳˼簲˵״Щ˾ڻҡ˵һ顣ЧҰɻᰲȫࡣ
꣬ʲôϵǷֵҲãûзֵҲգһȼ硣ԸЧңԼЧң߶ԹЧңֻһЧҵķʽʵÿ˶߱ЧңҪһ㡣
겻ɵͷ޳һ㡣ֻܹЧңõ˵ĩ֮ǰĸҹ˵ӵɣȴɱЧҹҵǿҲˡ
ǿҲЧҺͱЧ֮䣬ЧˣҲЧҵˣΨվۣ֮ſԲȥЧˣڵд½
ֻЧҲŲͬеЧҾͬūһ㣬û˿ɺϣеЧȴԼԶɺϡ
ЧҲִһǿḶ́뵱ڵҲЧҾӣȻһ·ߵĵλֻҪһǿߵģδĵ·Ըı䡣
ǳҪԶɺϣΪҪܹΪԼЧĳˣĳĳҪһȺ˵ˣǱɥʧһǿߵģţҲܹߵ۷塣
Ҫ
ңذңҲ᲻ذ㣬ҪʲôԺ˵һȫΪٶȰΪҲԼ㣬оǷҵ黹ˣྶͥԸڰңʱ뿪
겻ӰһʼӴгرӺͲмҲ͵һ棬û뵽һԼͻغֱӰ۾Ҫд½ūۣҪһЩ˲ūۣӵǹӵеȨ
϶ϵ˵ҪҶʵ˵Ǽ̽Ҹ׸һλᣬһκҴƽȨĻᣬҲǼ̽ͲҪңҿ׹۽硣֧Ǽ̽ûʲôȨұȫһһܹұȫôˣȫд½͵Ϊ


1057
лл
ϵصлûлƭʵʵ˵ֵóлллȴҲеź֪ллܾӳ̬ϰ֪Լ޷˵Ψһ̾
磿Ҫ˽ⰲҵʵʵ
΢΢ҡͷҵĳмǸҵĶ壬ءڶԱߵĸҸ׵£ĸءҵ綼սһ֧Զ
˵ųЦ֪ǵʵ
΢ЦŵͷһҪշ뷨Գ˵ʮսʮһҵĶλǰ硣һҵĻءȻǧ漶ߣż۷塣ǧ˷ֱ£ֻһ
ȻǻΪʲôߣ
ȴһ㶣̶Цõ˵бҪ𣿡
ȴ΢΢üͷͲǰץΪʣ
ֳưƾֲߣǿǸڰɣô˵ɣҽֻ֣һǾǱɱ
Ŷİ˼ţ˼ڵʱܹʹ߲ż۷壬ҲΪԼܹնɱû뵽Ҳţ¶ԼźͶд½ߵĲмֻһԭ򣬾ĹǿԼǳһ㡣
겻˵Ҳ˵ƺ˵Ķ˵ˣҲû˹ͬԡƺǱԷʵ𾪣·ҲҪշꡣ
ʱѹԼеս⣬ĺͰһһֱһԽսˣܹһԼʵ൱ˣǿǵеʮս˹
һֱȥҲû˵һ仰꽫е鰲֮󣬸ŰſзȥͻȻתͷԳ˵
ɫһҲڰսȥȻͨߵһǰ˰ť
Ŵ򿪣ų˽ȥλĶĿ˰ĳ꣬üͷ΢΢һ壬漴չӣ£
壬д½߽ңΪ֧̽ӡ
ٴ΢΢üͷӣӦ֪˵ˣձˣҵļƻ
ֻǲû¶ʼ
˼һµðɣҪȫ
ף
50սѾˣǶ뵽50սҪԶˡЩС
ǣлл壡
Цеصл֮󣬴ų뿪սԥһ£ջ˵лл
ǵûжٸı䣡˵ҲˣҶȫ˵ʱǵڻҡ㲻лҡ
ʼ֪
˳һۣ㲻˻ص˷У꽫λ˵һ飬˱뿪˷뵽Ǻս֮УҲûιǺսһشڲλ
ǺսˣľɫڵˣȻǼٵˣһ⡭
;ʼˣǣľǵͣ˱ūǷַߣһſڿ
߰ٶ漶һڿٶȻǷǳġҰҲʲôҪ¿еĿҲھƷʺõģȽܿ춨λҪĿȻǺս俪ɽ壬óǵĹԼࡣ
һ֮ǿʼ׽涴ȻԽ涴֮ڿʱпռڵԾ֮ڿ󡣵ȴûмһ

ʮǺսãã֮У50ս֮ڣϳЦ⣬ʱѾͻƵ磬ȻֻǱһɢӴϢ
ϥڲԴǰʼãã洩еʱͳѹͻƵǳ˶ΣȴʧܡҲܹܲðɣ㿪ʼװ
ֻȻס˰ȴóĽѹƸǸ취ͷʱ겻ȥʲôʱǸͷ
ڰڽԼ̬˹Ϊ뵽һ⡣Լͻ˿ϰδֱ֪ܹͻƵڼأ
ȡľľжߣôͻͻƵء
뷨֮󣬳ҪľΪкʵʱһͻơ
Դһ̿ʼͨϴǺӣǱĿĺ塣
Ȼ䣬۾оսͣĿ˲ԶİȴɫʮѿҲĿϴ֮ȥɫҲһ䣬ǱΧˡųսǺս50սΧ档Ȼ겻սǽǴЩսҪȰǵս߼
ʱǺսڵڴһͨͬͨԡ
ǣѡһһͶҽһӵľʱ䣬һ֮򿪲ųǽӭ
мǺսڣĺ̽Χûпռڵ㣿
磬ô죿һɫ˽ţǵսҪǿܶ࣬սҲǵĶࡣǱսǺܱܿȫߡ
ռڵ㣬ռڵ㡭ڲţǽֻҪҵռڵ㣬ͻΧϣȻһǻʧҲʧһǲܹ²ǾͻΪū
ʮӺ
һɫȻ˵£Χûпռڵ㡣
ڳĬˣʱڼžţͻȻһڼžĲ𣺡磬һӣ
峤³һһ˲·ʮꡣ
ǡͶ
ĸסˣɫǾɥΡ

ûҲͬˣǵū
50Ǻս˲ţһߴ˳ͰҲ˳Ǹվڰԣͳ겢д½վ˵ĺ档
ԷһǺս˲ţ߳˸ɢǿϢðⷽɫңԷɢǿϢ˿Ǽȴܹ֪Աǿ󣬶ǿö࣬Ҳء
Ҫ˵вƾɢϢеûɧһܾͬӡһۣ˵жֳΣǵĶһһǿǻϣ


1058
ӶԷĲӿһߣеŰһ50Ǻսȥ뵽ս֮ڣսʣµһЩǷ˹˶һȦһĲϣȻЩ½½ؽÿ˵Ĳ϶һȦ
ЩңǳȴȦʲôƫͷһ۰þ԰ʵȦʲôģ
ֳ˿־壬ͲͷǱǸӣջǴȦ溬и߱ըҩҲܹըըҩһӳΪūܹƿһƿͻᱬըﻹŸֻҪ뿪ҪķΧֻҪһң֪
굹һٴʵǵΪʲôûиǴ
г˲мǵʵõ𣿡
ȫȦ֮ǶϽǺսֻǺսٹ鰲ƿءһٶǺսЮʮǺսǰȥдС

͸ϴһž޴еСʰɫ
Ǻսǿžȥأ͸ϴ꿴˵кܶˡǺսһ޴Ļȥ
ڴվǺսվڵϣΧȥ
һʮֻߵ򣬻ˣϴɫƷ֪Ǻͷ²ǵЩһȺˡʱһɫƷ˹һǴӽūݡڶҪھϸֿʯһ˳߻ῴһţڴſһ޴Ļϸֿʯʲôģھ򡣵ÿ±Ͻʮʯȥڣȥÿ±Ͻʮ飬Ǿֻ硭
Ǹذһең
顭
һ죬Զһ߲ϵȦأֻ˲ǸߵԴʧˣͷʬ嵹˵ϡڣеˣд½ϵߣľϵɫò԰ס
ģڻһŷõ꣬ǿԷסޣҪϸֿʯ᲻ϸֿʯǾֻòԣ¶ޡȻΪεߣ겻ԶҲν¶޸û⡣ˣڿˣ
䣬ǸɫƷߵͷߣߵʮָɴࡣ
㿴ңҿ㣬Ȼ㲻˳ŴǰȥſڣǸĻȥҿĶ棬Ϊϵǽ
ǳġ
վڴſŻȥƽܵʵĴ¥ʱܹѺܸɾ̸Ц߹ߡ
һС
ŴȥһƬߣû¥ûľһûٿΧߣһĿãȻͬʬ⡣
½½߳˴ţǧãȻվţǰһƬߡʱվڳԱߣ촽ŵ૵ؼң
Ƥһ£Ȼס˵ʦġ
̤̤̤
һŲ˷ӳǵΧ߳һȹȹߣЩ߳øɫÿ˵϶ɢǿϢֻÿĿͳǶͬʾǷϣ׶񡭡
ɫڲãȻˣʶΣաЩ˳ֺҪǱūūЩΪ˷Ľǵ˻ޱȵıҡղڻǸɫƷѾ˵ʲôֻҪϸֿʯͿԡ
˿ԥٲߵǰ棬ĿΧЩߡ
Χ߽Ųһ٣εͷųǿϢӲЩ˷ֳ˼壬ÿҲмʵ൱Ҳصģʵǵͣ˽Ų
ռüž˫ڽ֡
ҲӴãȻ˳һŲƶγһʱͣǳҲ⡣ʱֻܹͰǱһţǵ˻ἫΪҡȻͰһҲδؾͺãǴʱҲֻܹһһ
ûйãΧЩ˿ʼɢȥȻʵ൱˭Ҳƴƴ֪˭

³һ漴ɳ˼С̽ȥϯضĬĬȴԼȥ˰ʱ⣬С½㱨Ȼվһȥ˶˺档


1059
ܿ죬һɽȣ´һֵͣڣȻĿɨˣĿ˰ϵ쿪ʼŸԵĶȥڿ󡣡
ǣ˹˵
ܺãصͷסÿҪϽϸֿʯ
СÿСÿϽһϸֿʯôӵʮϸֿʯȥÿһһǻʣ߿顣߿ϸֿʯܹǾסԷӡ
ԻصǶ飬վͳǰĿʧȥԭеĸ߹ţЩ
쿪ʼǾ͸ҳȥڿÿÿҪϽϸֿʯ
ƽؿ˰һۣ㴹֪ʱ˵ʲôҲûáʵ˵ʲôϤڲ֮Ļⲻƽ֮ĻõĽֻܹǸӵ裬
ǳƽȴӼŭ˰ֻ̧ųųݺݵ˹ȥʱҲû˿֮ǰԳͷȣЦź㲻ǲЧھҪЧҲûлˣūǶҵūūҼס˭ϸֿʯҾɱ
ĬĬشӵĬĬϥиһ˿Գԭ֮ǰΪһˣף֮ǰԼֻҪԼһʵĹ
ȻһĵλڰҪūǿܶࡣ
ĬĬسıҲûʣĿɨЩд½ߣЩ߷ŭĿĿ⣬һȻޣһǴֻǲʱ͵ֻһվڰλ̾ϢһҲ
֣Ȼɥһʯϣϵɫϵر仯һɥһ
ϥڵϣǹ⣬һʡ̧ͷգһſǳаŨܹ°빦
ɽڲʱЩ˶ľϵߣһӴ˱ū췭ظı仯ܲˣд½ߵһֱģⲻǳǿûʸһֱһд½ӡ
꣬ô죿Ĵܡ
ƺ˼ƻĻһ䣬̴ܵ졭˵ǵñһ٣ˡ
Ӿ΢Ϊʲô
һ뿪飬ѰһطͻƵ硣
㡭ҪͻƵˣľЩ
ʵǰҾͿͻˣһֱѹţǸʱǵע⣬زѾûбҪٹ˼ʲôˡͻ֮󣬾粻ߣһ뿪ȥһʱ䣬Ͻϸֿʯʱһ粻ҪͰǺú̸̸ˡ
꣬㲻Ҫ³ç
Ҫ³çһҪͱʵҲܹѹͻˣҲѹƲסˡͻ֮󣬿¾ҲȥҰǣҲע⵽ҡҲȥǣҲң޿ɶܡ
̾ʵͰ
ʵ˫ȭս
ʱһڳĶ𣺡꣬쳢һ£ֻܲͻƵһҲɵͻ
˼һջص˵ͷǱߵҲһ
һҹȥ
ҹǳغ䣬¶ٶȣÿ˶漶¾ͻᱻʹҲôҸоʮֲ
˵ϣſǿž޴ĺȥоϵȶ϶ٶȣһȵĸо
ҹȥڿ󣡡
ӵغȵʱҲ´ԵĶľϵߣȻ̬ȴȰࡣ
ĬĬվд½ҲĬĬվųĬĬɽȥûжҪųȥҲҪĳǻܣĶܣ
ֻ·ߣһ·ʵʵūһ·ȥͶ˵ūܹǾūūľͱū
ųǲɵ£ų˵Ӱɽȿʧ֮һһƨʯϣϵȦֳãȻ
ԺлſķֲͼȻһ£ȷڿĵص㣬Ȼһȥ˲ʧ˵ҰС
ܹͻƵ𣿡Щĵʵ
ܣᶨ˵
ͻƵܹΣ˵ūֻҪǲϴȦǶͻƵܹΣ
˵һֶžһƬ³һ˻ֵڿ󣡡
꽫ٶ˼£һ˵ķȥǳеʮСϵȴ࣬ץūӵһҲʮҡʮܶ࣬ӵôһϾͬһʯӽ˴󺣡
һ죬Զ˻أŪĶҲ˷䵽˵֮ϣͻûй˼ɣΪһ򣬳Щūץǵ˲귢ԳǷĵϥſԼѹơ
ǧӿ̸оĺôʵ̫ŨˡΪԭҪǴʱѾϵϵҪϵǿ˺ܶ࣬ҲóΪʲôʵǿ
Сʱ󣬳ʵѾﵽһغڣ꿪ʼǿѹԼһſľȥҲղʵأء
콥ص˻ƻʱֳ֣һ˿꣬굽ڻûлϾ͵Ӧ÷صʱˡ
ǲǳʲô⣿ǵʵ
ᣡģ겻⡣ڹĵǵӦûȥʱˡʱ򲻼˳ô죿
̰ӿӵ߹ǿԲȥ
ȥȻӵΧҲȻ̰
ǣǲȥ̰ᶨ˵ʱͺ˵ϸֿܲڣûҪڿ꣬͸ڿӵڿذһûӦĶӦòµӵڡ
۾һִĴ̰ļð취Ǻð취
껺۾ҹգϲֳ˿ЦҹǳĹ۲죬ʱѾӦõҹʱ֡
֪Щôˣ


1060
̧üģֳ֮ɫͬʱźͻƵ弶Ȼﵽ弶۷壬ȴͷҲδͻƵ
óͷʹ߲ͣһЩֻһأǲעԼΪʵľϵЩ첻ΣաػأôȻľϵߵע⣬ԼҲһƴ֮񲻸߲ͣ״ͷʹ
̽һԼ壬ʱڵһϽɫ겻֪ľϵ߾뵽漶֮᲻ҲϽɫ֪ЩߵľϽɫǴɫ
ľϵ߾ҲֻǴɫôԼϽɫܹԼڻԽսҲľϵδ䡣
ӵվǰһڵһ壬γɽȵķ򼲷ɶȥ
ӵ֮ڣʮһÿһ϶¶ǡͻȻɫһ䣺겻ֱӷɽ˰ɣ
ɫҲһ䣬Ȼӵվǻȥ
˵Ĵ´ӿӵڳ˿У漴ŵĿӵȥȻ˿ӵǵĺһ޴ɳ˹ʮûü뵽ӵ˲䱻ʳ˼Ρ
ͷڿӵŰ磬ֳ֮ɫܵһصľҲֵס
Ļʵ̫ˣ
ľϵߴʱſɽڵĵϣʱѡһɽȵӪأɽĸߴƽԭΪӪأʱֻλغصܹţµ߶֮¡
ӿнǧ֮쫷ɳʯͬһӿ˫չ۾ӭ쫷硣
֮쫷ȻǾ޴ײϡصʵӶײҡҡλΣϵ·˲仯촷ۡ
Ƿ
籩һһسų壬صʵҲʼЩܲסˣڱǿʼѪǴʱʧȥʹһ㣬񶼳˷֮С
һСʱ֮ܰ³һѪĭɳĿڱ˳ȥӴԪռȡһ·ϣ¶һ˿ЦݣоⳡԴȻľһ㣬ֽһ
ɽڡ
ӵ໥һۣϳ˾֮ɫ
磬ֲ̫ˣ

ɽһĬ죬һʵ磬ǻܹȥ𣿡
ĶĿЩеؿǸһۣǻشزȥˣزȥˣͻȻӵŲϵȦֻҪǾͻزȥˣūū𣿡
磬СģĸŵűߵĶ塣
ĶɫһͣͣȻȦ֡һƨ˵ϡ
죬һڵ磬ϵ᲻ǣ
ľҡҡͷϾȣҲҲǡ·ϴԽ涴˰˸ռڵ㣬Ҳǡογ̽ոûһĿ꣬д½żȻϵд½֪ô֪һƽ棿
ǡһūǻ˺á
˫ָһ˿ɣҪţžϣҲǾϣ뿪Ÿ򡣡
ٴɽȵķȥһСʱ󣬳ɽɽȥ
˭վסɽȿڴֵڵҹش˳ȥ
꣡
ꣿʲôǲǶ˿ӵ𣿡
ɫһ㶣̶㷴Ӧ˹һûлҪڿӵΪԼڻ
ǣľӦ
ɽڴ˰
һ֪ζ㲻ȥˣɫü㣬ٲɽȥܿ죬˰ǰʱҲվ˶ĺ档
վԼǰĳ꣬۾һУ۷˸žȣȵľȡ
㡭أ
ʲôͣ͵ųꡣĸصҲŵųꡣ
ͷ
ôᡭ
ЦЦȴûнֳͣȼ֮ɫųݵ˵ʲô


1061
΢˼һµǸ߸λǲÿÿϽϸֿǿÿܹϽϸֿҲǸλϰӸһ飬ܹޡ
ΪͻƵأ¶˼㲻ҪˣͻƵأҲԾ
ûᰲİѾ˳ˣֱ˰ǽĿ˰Ķ塣
Ķ嵭ų˼𣿡
ϱֳ˲õЦݵ˵˫Ӵ˿ǵжԹϵˣ
жԣ𣿡꣬һ˳꣺ū£
飡
һץס˰ֱۣһ߱ǲֱ֮Ӷϵ˰ֱ̧ۣһ߷˰
󵨣
һų˹ʧԭء
֮֮
ٴγֵʱѾվڵϵİԣͷһ۰ȻǸٴءȻڵԪ۷壬Ǳչǳȭһʽǳ׹䡣
䡭
ȭͷݺݵײһصĳûƶ˫綼ûҡֺԷȴǵ˳ȥһѪ䵽֮ˣȻ˳ꡣ
Ŀٴ˰壬˵ȷľٸı𣿡
žžž̧˫İƣȴε¶֮ɫȷܹ뿪ɽȣ
ȷû˿ͣ٣ĿֱŰҳ֮£ҲǶ֡ǣߣסҡ
˵һһٵ˵ǿԣҲ֤ղ飬λá
Ŀ˲䣺Χϣ
ಡ
ĸغһؽΧм䣬국վм䣬ĿŰҲ뿪һǰΧʱ䡣ʣ׼׼ҿҪ뿪ˡ
һ˿ȣԳ˺ܶࡣ
̫꣬ˡ˵Ӳ˵ΧܹӳȥΣд½̫ˣֻҪӣҾ͸ɱд½ߣһɱ
ɵˣ곰һȺ漶вأ
ɫһͣ漶ߴܹȣٶҲܹȣοһأ
ҡ국˵ɱҵˣҲɱˡȻܹ˵İΧѣôЩ漶ߣҲὫһɱɱд½һߣҾɱ
˵ааһЦͷһ۽µİһὫɱȻ֮ƴ˭ΪĿ죬ҵٶ΢ôһһὫɱ
飡
һŽ˳ȥȻŰĹһûǣȫΧҵĻᡣ
۾΢΢һеóı°ɣҪ̫״㡣
ɢϢԴץ֮оͳ˱壬һֱûеطй͵ǰҵйĳڡʱ޲ý˺Ƭ
顭
̤ǰһǻûеȵȭͷȥαʧڰΧȦڣһëȻһȭ󣬳һȭ
һȭӳ۷壬ǳ֮ӵڳ˳ھ֮ᴩһǱۣǳȭİļʣɢŲɣأǳʷӡһž޴ǳŶԷײȥ
䡭
һ޴ĺڿзˣһϥݽ档ʣµĸų˹ЦͰһȭҪ֪Լľϵжٲࡣ
һȭĽó֪ԼǳԲ򵥣ԲǰеڶľϵߣܹԽսȻаеԭ򣬶ҳҲ֪ԼǰĶֻ֣˶սĻûκ⡣
һȭ˳ĺԷֻǱ˼죬ȴ꣬ŷ˶Ĵһ
úã
ļ¡ڵĹתʹһȦȻһȭ
ǳȭڶʽǳ˸
ĴҰУоһǺ׹䣬ͬһƬ׹䡣
䡭
һҵײΧЩ漶߿÷رǰѾֱ۶ϵʹųꡣһֱΪľϵ߸ϣд½һд½ϵ߶ĳȴʵʵڵظһغĸΧʱɿⲻ뵽ͳһʱ򣬳ɫǵأû˿η壬ʱ֪ǸʱĳҲܹ׽ɱ
ڿзһѹסڵѪڣŶҪ˻бҪȥ𣿡
ӰһͣĴĿⲻɶ˰Ķ塣ɫʱҲϣȻ겻Ķ֣ҪѳȴǳѡһѾûбҪڴȥˡͳȫֻܹܾˡһѹеıѾ˵㣬ʵݺͳһū
꣬һÿϸֿʯڶǺĳͻǲܡ
ãͷǣ
ѾǳܹõýȻͣ˲ɳɽȣڵĿӵȥ
壡شӵվ
죡ݺݵصһ۵׼ȥǳ꣬Ҳ
ӵ֮ڡ
д½ԽԽо굽ڻûлǴʱҲ߳ӵ˭֪ǿֲ쫷᲻ٶȽ٣
᲻ᱻ쫷硭Щ
û˵ᡱ֣˫֮г˽ɫԥһ£һҧţҳȥ

Ѿ
ӵվſӵȥû߳Ͷס˽Ųֳ˾֮ɫʱеҲ˽Ųÿ˶Ŀ˿ӵڡ
ӰڿӵڣѾܾûмˣһжȹһȴ
꣬㡭ͻˣ
ţ
ʲô磿
أ
ءء
һʧ֮Сʮе߶ʧ֮С


1062
ʱոս뵽ʱĳ꣬ȻǱЩ֮лСʮ׵ꡣǣĳȴرҺ־Զиǳ˿ɬǽų꣬в
ʦҲŬǳ̫
Ȼ䣬ʧ˹ֳ˼֮ɫǰһץסֱ۵꣬ѾأܲȥľϵЩ̸һ̸һڲôϸֿ󡭡У㲻ܹȥǻоǵвɱ㡭
Ѿ̸ˡ
㡭ȥҹˣǡϳ˽š
Ȼô˵
򵥵ؽľ˵һ飬˵֮ŷӦ뵱д½ʱ򣬳ԽսѾأ򲻹ľϵЩҪӦû⡣ʱһֱŵĲŷο˵һǵѹ˺ܶ࣬ȫܹ񡣡
ҡҡͷǲܹﵱһūջҪ
㡭а취еĿӵ߶һ˫˫۾ų꣬ôء
ûУüᶨܻУֻҪĲһǻص԰
ֻҪĲ
ֻҪĲ
ֻҪĲ

ɥĶ־ؼ˳սڿӵڳ嵴ʯ𵴣ʯ¡
ϤǺս𣿡
УֳЦݣȻĿɨ˵֣ɣǼ
˳ǰָ˵֪꣬ںܾǰһ˳һǺսд½ɱЩˣɻǺսʱһֱһһоǺս˾оԱȫܹʻǺս
Ŀ֣ˣһͷоһϲǵĵʵܹסͼ𣿡
֣ɿ˵һ·Ƕع۲;סͼһǺսҿ϶ܹҴд½
ãγ˵صͷ
꣬ǲ뵽ʲô취ŵų꣬Ҳֽڴųꡣ
ҡҡͷɫȴ¶ЦݵĿǰû뵽취ȴ뵽뿪ѡ
ʲôѣʵ
һѾŪһǺսڶѾνǲϵȦ
˵ĶһȻֻȴͬɽһѹ˵ͷ
һѲûлᣬһ᲻С˵صЩǺսһֱͣڻأƱҪͣسȥԣץūҲὫǺսߡǺսʱͿڻػͣһǺսǺսӦصģԷͻ¼Щصܹ뿪Ҫľǹ۲صĹɣЩǺսʲôʱ뿪ʲôʱ֮жõʱ䡣ûܹ˽⵽ػصж٣ʲôʵЩȥԵǺսͨʲôصʵǿϾÿ˲϶һȦֻҪԸ⣬ֻһͨˣֻҪťЩ˾ͻûбҪʵǿߡҲ˵ֻҪǽ˲Ȧ⣬ܹԷǳ׵ؽЩߣȻǺս
Ȧüͷ
Ҳüͷ˼ţԺźܶĹڴ˵صûһ˶Ĺࡣÿһط缢ƿʵĶֹԺȻд½ĹһСʱ󣬳겢ûд½ϵĹܹȦ⡣
ʱӵڵҲŸָķӵһƬžд½Ĺʼ˼ϵĹ
ϵĹд½ϵĹͬд½ΪԪ㣬ǴһйǽʵʽСɡȴǡǡ෴ΪûԪ˴ķ⾳Сɵĵ·
Уһ˳
ǹ
νǹͷ͹ͷ֮ĹǷ죬ټϸıͷλúͷ򣬽С
ǸȦڲϣΪ·ǼԴмĲӴǸȦ֮ȡ


1063
ǡ
ǹԴСпܽȦԴȡֻҪԴСҪ࣬ǰЩʵҲ漶ֻҪǹķž̽ڵ״Ӧò⡣
뵽̿ʼǹĹȻʼǹ
°͡
ԴڴڼžĿӵ֮Եʮ˵Ŀ⡣Ȼӵ֮ʮֺڰЩ˶漶֣ܹؿԴһΡ
ߵɫһ㶣̶лȻҪıԴ״Ȼ󽫲ϵǸȦȡ
⡭ܹɹ
ÿ˴ʱס˺ųֻ꣬ԴϸȻֽػָԭΣȻٴϸ
һСʱ֮󣬳Դָԭò۾ų꣬ʲô
Ȼûгɹǳֻ֪ʱ⣬ֻ㹻ʱ䣬һܹԴΣȻǸȦȡбɣЦǵϵһֹǹ
һֹ̾˵ǸһʱҲ벻ֹ
ǵд½Ļɵ˼άĲ졣д½Ԫ㣬ǵ˼άʵ似ǵ򼸺ûԪԾ⾳Сɣ׻˵˵˼άѸıģûҲ
ͷȻֹеʵܹȦó𣿡
Ӧû⣡ͷߵʵ˻һЩԣұ޸ģɹ֮ұ㽫ֹڸҡ
̫ˣ
ӵڱһ󻶺꼱æ֣˽ذһųꡣ˵Ӵ˿Ҫڶй¶˳ȥ֪Щ֪ʲôӦ֪
ǲ˵ģ
Ҳ˵
һ˵ͷӽ쿪ʼһǹʱɼб˳֣Ҳңй¶ܡ
û⣬ʱȥӵһɼ˸վڡ
ţͷ˵ɹ֮ÿҾڿӵΪֵڣڿӵǹ
̫ˣһм档
λ˵ǵľ״̬ԣūūô˷ܵ𣿡
˶Ц
ҪЦȵǺ˵顣ǺܿҪܾãҲһ꣬Ҳʮܹ꣬ѰҵߵĻᣬж༤˷ֳܹܶҪֳһľһʧȥϣľɥ׺ݡҪñ˿ǵﶼһЩ׶ˣ˵ûһǵѣǵĵˡصЩǣϵЩūҲǣҪǵĻֻһΣʧȥλľٶкܶ࣬һҪλεСסֻҪ¶һ˿ܿ⼸˾޻ص԰Ļᡣǣ𣿡
ףеش
֣ɣÿ춼ҪһʻǺսĳÿ춼ҪһǻȥͼһҪǡӳҲʧ֮С
ǣ֣صͷ
ѡһˣҪһϸĵˣزμڿÿվ͹۲ǱߵĶһжÿǻ㱨һΣǴҳصĹɡ
û⣬šͷ
ڻڵʵ˽⣬ǲ־ս׼ֻһΣһжͱɹ
ڶ졣
˿ӵǹԸֵڡ̰ڿӵ֮⸺۲ص˰ڶڿ
ʱƽжȹ
ϽرòƽԳķŭһӵĳ꾹Ȼʵϳ׵۶ֱۣһΰ߷ɣ޷ԣһϢӿ֧Ͱ֧Ѿֿˣд½ʵҲϵһۺ
ЩУ֧һͷֻ߰ٶֻһֻһأһҲء
ϣ㲻ľϵһʮҲεϲ֮ÿ֮ҲÿҲһҲ˵Ķ飬ǾǱ沢Ķ
ôһÿҪҧһڣЩû̲ȡжȹ۲˼죬ֳ֧ƺľϵȷʵûʲôϵһ£һľͶֻǻûһ¶շǡ
һա
ڿӵǹоһʱܹɹˡʱ򣬿ӵ洫֮һ֧ʵǿĶȶд½Ķ鶯ˡ
֧ΪǺǿȶ֣֪ܹշд½֧飬ǵʵͻ˲ǿǻԥʱסд½ĿӵڣǵжҲĶ飬һ֧֧鿪ʼۣЩ֮ûǶ֣ΪǵҲûŪľϵΪʲôóȥǶûðգҲҪͨǸŽ۵̽һ³ܹľϵԭҪ֪ľϵӵһأĸأһغһأһѾԼϸūеĸ߲㣬ǲľϵΪʲôͬ롣
ʵϴҲɵҲ۲ǣȷֻһأһһءֻ߰ٶˣȻҲŪľϵΪʲô룬ˣ飬ոҵһ㡣أһأأءͲųǻܹġ
Ȼ˭һǾһʱշ˳ǣЩۺ졣
վڿӵڵ̰˵һбһ߼۷Ȩһ֣һǰ̰ȵǵ
̰ŴۣɨһԽԽߣЩ߷ֳһӪվڳһֵģ̰ͷԵȣ
̰Ѹٵ߽˿ӵ㱨ʶʲôɫصȳȥȥ
ã
ſӵȥ̰ѸٵſӵӶȥ
̰ǣʲôŷӶ̰ʵ


1064
˰ѿӵסˣӦҪ沢ǣҳꡣ̰ɫЩǵ˵
ǳȥӵվӶȥ̰˺档
ܿ죬ͳ˿ӵ棬ߵԣʵô£
ҡͷû˵˵Ҫ
ĿɨΧʮμվΧ̾Ϣһ鷳վţ곯Χһֵλ£
˫˷ܵ۾˴ۣÿڿ󣬹ūÿ˵жһ񿴵ģ֪շ²ף˵ͻһܹһѪǵÿһϸ˷ܵز
´һ³꣬͵һۣһ˫۾ø׶صųȵǸأ
ֳһȻֺܹαʣ
۵ɫһͣųҲܹⷽʵܹ򶨣Ҳ˾衣ʵϲǳҪӲǣҵǹƽȦܣǲܹй¶ȥģԷ沢ǾͺѱܡԳѾ¶˾ģ»ƴʧҲҪԼĶԡд½ߵߴʱҲʶ⣬һʱ֮ĵɢϢһ˫˫۾ͬһ˴ۡ
ôǱߵһַëĸоʮָ㲻д½ΪʲôˣǼ沢룿ֲҪóһƴ̬
ǣѾϣ۲ܺˣҲΪǾǰϵ⣬׶غȵӴ˿ǱձˣԺÿҪ´񡣡
ûлشĻǽĿֳܴûҵľϵߡ΢һµλ
дۣһһЦǺǵغͷ⣬ȻԴ˵ۣǺľϵǱԼҪձǣǲȡľǱߵԼ
۵ĿһľǱߵʵʮǵʵ򲻹ľǱߡĻһȻ˵ģǲľϵĳԼһЦ˴ۡ
۴ʱҲܾᣬ˵ǳľϵûйϵɣȴ˵йϵ˵йϵɣֳôƣľǱȴһҲûСѰ˼Ƭ̣ԼܹȴȷľǱߺͳ߻ԼȴҲ١

۵۾΢΢ƭһóܣá

΢Ѱ˼һµһȥǱߵɽΣ
ã۵ͷ
ſзȥд½߷׷׷ųľϵɽȷȥҲ׷׷
ء
ԶѾʻǺս뿪ˣȥһūжڻֻʮˣʵǿҲһһءʱһƱվشǰԶкѹѹеūֳһ˿ЩūҪѪˣǺǡ
һŮվԱߣЦ˵ˣҪҪȥ
ȻҪô̼ĽĿôܹ
еľһ¾ƱŴȥܿ죬ʮ˾ʹӻڷ˳ųӭ˹ȥҲЩūкֻЦеظţЩūŭĿӣȴ˵ʲô֪ǵЩУЩ˵ָֻҪһǾͻ˲
Ҿǳ䲻ؽɱûãΪֻңûдȦԿףԿ׶뿪صЩԶС
йһūڻڵ߶ɱøɸɾֻҵңȴûҵȦԿסȴǵľɱԶӻʱ㽫Щūɱ֮һһЩū򣬵ȴѲȦңװʮȽֻҪûӳϵѲˡ
ûǺսôڶʱ뿪ϵģ
ԴǴ֮󣬱ҲûбͳֻʱʮصˣЩūͬûпһ㣬ųľϵڵɽȷȥ
ǸصҲΪ⣬ֻǺżҲɽȷȥ
ܿ죬˾ɽȣŵȥɽȿڰվڵϵĳ꼥غȵ֪꣬ʲôҸ㣬ľϵӽ쿪ʼû˿ϵԺϽһϸֿ𣿡


1065
Χһɧĺľϵû˹ϵɽһֻֻ̰Ŀ˳ꡣ
΢Ѱ˼һ£˰ʵ͵λûʸľϵ˾Ķ˵仰
СңĿѵصųꡣ
ҡҡͷʵ
ΧһƬЦðɫ˲ɫ
꣡ӰɽȿڣһľϵҲ½½ų˼ҵ˼
ˣ˰Ժ˫ˮˮ
Ƿһ˿ϣһ㻹ܹ˵Ļ
겻ٴĿת˴۵ۣҿԻش⣬Ҫ沢ǲܣʲôֶξʹɡ
䡭߰ٶ˵ϱս⣬ΧжһЩ˶Ǹ֣ͨսս⻹ֵܹó
۵ɫʮѿ׶ǵūΪʲôǾȻᷢս⣬ѵǾͲ֪
ҪǻūūͶԷƴòһūԼⷽҲūòʵӣ١ⲻҪĽ
˼һµ꣬Ҳɣ
˵ص㣡Ȼ˵ίȫûãõֻаԵ
۵ϴƺдһ¹鸽
ãͷҪµļӦ
ҴӦ𣿡ɫһ
ȷʤҲȻ
۵ɫһ䣬ĻʮǾˣĳŵ۵Ŀ΢΢һô˵ĳŵҲˣ
Ļǵĳŵ˵
ãʹصͷȻĿɨһ𸴡
ͬʱسŵ
顭
ηɵ˿Уûȡõ»еЩľõֻȡǳŵϵĴۺȵɣ
ȡһ˳ǹɵ˿УڳĶ档ȵСӣԼ
ģԼһزܴ򲻹һʶء
겻֮׼ҪóԼǿ似̵ʱڽԷնɱΧߡ
ڵǳ֮ӵھ֮ᴩһǱǳۣ˫Ǵű˲ӣʮʽİļʡ
䡭
ں
ꡭ
ǳϴ׵硣
顭
ڿ̤һռ䵴һȦȦеǳʮʽ
Ҳһḻߣͬһɵоû˿ͷųԼǿҲͷųеĳǹͬһ˳ꡣ
䡭
ײһ˫Ǵűͬǻֻ˲ͬһشݻ˶Է˫Ʒйأʵ޹ءԷ򲻹ĳԵֻһ쫷򡣵ǳȷʵ򣬾ﲻȴҲǳһ쫷ܹȵġ
˫ǴűŶԷѹ˹ȥöԷǹƾһ٣һٵ˲䣬ʮʽѾն¡
䡭
һƬ磬ϵҫĿһ۾вɾһѾܹ϶۾ԲǳĶ֡г˼ʣ΢΢˫۽ضſС
顭
۵屻ʮʽڵϣڿΧ˸ĵâͬ
ꡭ
ϵĵâɢֳ˳ΣĿ˴µЩǼɫһͣǿҲأصĴ۶һնɱѾ³ųһֵҵԸ鸽
ͷҲҪǹ鸽Ǹøʲôʲô˵תжˣ
߰ٶʮһˣ
תǼǼֻҪÿϽ߰ٶʮһϸֿͿˡ
Ǳʵǿһ̵ͷӵǧˣÿֻҪ߰ٶʮһϸֿ൱˶ཻһ飬ѹǺܴ󡣲ǰһͨѾˣǵʵҪǹ鸽ֲС
˶Է˼飬ǰҡ
ͨϲлл
ͷȥʱһص˳ų
ͣ˽ŲɫһǸءȴ̾Ϣһ뵽鲻ô򵥵Ľôôܾô򵥵طŹֻС
£ĪҲսһ
ԷЦһⷽ߸ȻֻһأȴأͲ˵ˣûйǿΪĸһΧ㣬ܹȥ𣿡
ĻһڣΧնȻҲ˳꣬ҽǲĿɨЩд½ߡд½ͬһֻֻ߶ϣϵĺë
ֳͨһ˿ڣղԼҲƳ꣬Լһ𽫳Χ³ҲɣҲԼҪϸֿɣ
ԣ̤ǰһϵȻ˳ɣɱң˳ȥұΪجΣɱĲݡ
˵оһݣ˭Ҳû뵽˵ĸңʱ뵽ľϵҪ֪ľϵʮһһءǾҲûľϵ˾ֻһɣǾľϵʮһҲû³
ҪΧɱ겻ɣó˳ȥĻΪһجΡֻǧǧշģ֪ʲôʱͻ͵Ϯɱûб͵ϮɱչĵҲǸ¶
Ǹһ´ų꣬°͵е˼
д½߿Ѫڣ֮ǰЩȻʵĵûаѳ굱д½ߣǰˡǴ˿ȴĵȫͬĳ꣬䣬һ̳ĵλǵѾ
ǸҲһ䣬Ŀų꣬ʱѾܹˣ˱ƣһΪһƣĶɢҲԶˡطľҲҪû뵽ոյ򣬾С
꣡һǲ绻ķҿ漶ʵ߼Ǵ߼Գ߶峡սʤȷһΣ


1066
ˣŶԷ
ԷɫһͣЩܻ˵£ҲδҵĶ֣ҿɲǴۡ
Ǿɴش˶ԷĻ
ԷͱɫȻȵ꣬£Ǿսǧ˶߰ٶˣһΪֹ
ĿضŶԷʱҲ˲áбǳſ˿ڣǸ;һáҪڡ
Ǹص˫ȻʱѾЩڣû˽Ըվû뵽˷
꣡
ͻȻһӳɫһ٣ҵǸ͵͵һоԼĺ󱳾Ȼ䣬һ亹һؾȻ˿־壬ûй
ң¶ѯ֮ɫѾ弶۷壬˹ߵ˳ǰ꣬һеһᡣ
һᣡд½е
ӣЩ˶ǷӣǸشʱĺˡ
һ˿ж߰ٶֿƣܹӦ
ãصͷתͷǸصɳǵ˰ɡ
Ǹڷ£һܹӮⳡעЩ˾ǿոճΪū־Ѿݻ٣ҪܾòָܹЩ˵£Ӳȫʵ
˵ˡ
Ѿ˺ܶ꣬ɱ¾֮ľÿ߶ʵս֣Ͳд½߻ÿ˶ôǿ
ĿɨԼӪѡһ۷ǿߣǸ߷ɵ˿УӸµ·д½ߺȵλָ̣
־ԶԾԾԣֻ۷塣Ⱥзһ۷塣Ŀһ㶣ʶȻոսϿļգѾ۷塣
շɵ˿Уֻ˲оԷͷųɱ⣬ͬһֱؿڡ
顭
Ҳͬʱͷųƣײ֮£պһһ֪̾ԼǶԷĶ֣Լոͻ۷壬⻹ǺսͻƣԷһ۷塣
ǡ
ȴ¶˼ᶨᶨŶԷȡ˳ŶԷһ
飡
ԷĴڿһ壬µĿһȦͬһڵһżȥһ˼յࡣ
ֻգ֮䣬ԷξѾ˼յǰȥȻĿһ䣬Ϊ˼ղûеĽ񵲣ûܣſ˫ۣͬʱһɣɿ˽ճ֣Ǳŵȥ
ۡ
Էĳ˼յؿڵģȴû˿ϲ˿ֻšΪʱ˫һϽر˻Ȼ˲伾յͬһһ
䡭
Աˣ˵˲䱬ɲ֫⣬һƬѪ꣬ŵ¡
Ĭ̧ͷſеѪ꣬֫䣬һ̳𶯣û뵽ձ񣬷ԱͶԷͬھ
ʮҵڵѪȼգһ˫˫Ŀ͸־ΧЩһȻǺɣʱȥǣЩӶԱ͵ͬھ
ӣӣǸݺݵţеĿ־ȴ޷Ŵ
ң
˭Ҳû뵽һս˿ĽոûкͶԷУֱԱ͵ͬھ
ˡ
ڽŵʿˮ׶ҲԸͷӴ򽻵ʱǸоվǰľ߰ٶӡ
ǸɫҲ΢΢һ䣬µд½ӣ˭֪ǻ᲻ͻȻûаңʱԱ
֫Ѫʧ
ֻǿгѪȵζ
Ŀӿ˻˶ǸءպԼһĻĻԺ֡
úӣ૵ڼžĿռÿ˶
һȻͬš
һƽ֣ûɣ
ûû
ôǽһְɣͬš
ಡ
д½ȺзһӰڿи·ȵ
̧ͷȥǸֻ죬вԷ֡ȴܹоԷ־Ŀӿջأ˶档


1067
һƬţܹо־ȻҲܹоҪȥǾԷһҪķӡ
һҧĿԼЩļ۷ȥЩļ۷һ㶼ͷӭĿ⡣
㣬ȥ
Ǹļ۷Ӿһ£̧ͷɱ˵Ŀ⣬ջһҧ˿С
˫ڿУд½ߵ߲ԷҲǴҶܹд½ڵŶԷȻ֮ǰһһסԷԱԲŲԷĲȴǺ¡
ȴд½¶˲֮ɫڿһ壬һȦڿлŶԷ˻˹ȥ
ԷֱһΪѾд½ǸߵѾһҪסԱģ
Ǹŵþһ飬ηɿغˣбһЦĳ棬˸ûнֻ֣һӣһ׷
ӣиֳһͷ
ʱǸѾ࣬ſк֣ͯܣҾɱ㡣
еͯһ٣ֳɫһתд½߳ȥкȥġ
еսд½˹ȥд½еĳŶԷĳȥ

˫ıײһ˫嶼һд½ٴγȥ˫ҵĶһ

Էһ˼غѾȶֻҪԼСһЩԷ׿Լ˵Լסһ⡣
˫ıһײ֮һֻд½˹ȥѾʼռϷ硣¶Ц
顭
д½߷ֽԷסξ۽˹ȥԷɫһ䣬ռƵ£Ȼ˶ԷʱҪԱⱻԷץסбһӻ
еսŶԷļն˹ȥҪǷƽʱû˿󣬻̱ƶԷɿ֡˶ԷҪԱ
ۡ
һд½ߵֱնȴһд½ߵһֻֽס
䡭
ϵ˶һۣһ̾Ϣ
ӣ
۵ʱ򣬿һƬ֫⡣
˫ó죬ŶǸȻڶҲƽ˰ɣ
ǸͷţǾͿʼְɣ
ಡ
ҵηɵ˿У·ȵ
ɫһȴ̾һҵĿʮָӡοҲʹࡣ
ʱд½ѾȫռϷ磬ԷӪеЩ弶۷һͷǸѡԼ
ĿɨЩ弶۷壬ĿһսǿϺȵգȥһҪӮһ
յĿ¶һ˿־壬ǵǳ˫Ŀʱһصͷڵһ壬γ
ȡһ˳ǹɫһûпҵȡһѳҵ㲻׼Աͬھ
ҵϱһֻĹŵƣͬʱһϣȴΪ޹أΪΨһӣΪһһƣǹһָɣҪɱ㡣
յϾֳϲ֮ɫҲҪԱֻҿϺĻɱԷ
ֱͦһָҵĵ¡
ͻȻɢĳȣҵĵӣΨһĵӣҵĵӲͶԷͬھӦűʤ
˫ĿҲһ
Աֻƴ
Ǳʤ
˫ס˳ǹһšǹǹ˺ѿռ䷢֮ǹ֮侹Ȼûһס
һֻĹŵϢĴ
˲һֱһĹžĸоĹž
ǻһʽ
ԺѸٻ𵱳̨֮ϺұȶʱʩչĻһʽ
ӮңҲӮңע
ҵ¡¡죬Ȼһ־ŭĸо
˭
еĳ裬ɲǼγصĻǵĻͻȻѿһ϶յӰôͻȻسҵϿգһսͷն¡
ҵ˫һɣ˫һšǹǳǹͬһצϿڷɡ

֮䣬˫ı໥ʮΣĽ
𡭡
һ֮ϣԭΪײѾԵûӰӰȻʵ֮ǰĻһʽҪʵ
顭
ϵ·Ƭһ죬ǹγһֲĺڶǺڶǾڣſеҧȥ
ʽ
ȻûмҵĻʽǴʱеȴֻĸ֡ǻƣ˫ֳ˽š

з·һƬ꣬˫ıҵضײһ
˫ָֽ߬ѾģѪһһεصڵϡ
ټһټһ֣֡
ɫ죬еסš
֣վҪסˣ
ҧѪѾһһΣһߡ
һҪӮһҪӮ㲻ܹǻҪһؼң
мһƬϼžһƬɱĴӣ˵ĿⶼۼڿУʱЩ߷֣д½߲ƴҲźǿʵ
˫һһǹһͣײ©һģǿȥ
յĳȴͬһɽһѹȥۿҪ
ͻȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬оȥűŰ
ʽó˰ɣ
ૣӾһ˫Ȼǧȵ
Ҷ㽫ʽ⡭ǻʽϢ
𡭡
һХʣԭӰȻ˳ɽȻӰڣһ
ͬӰͬһ˵ʹȴȻͬʱҵжվȻһ˿мû뵽ڶԷѹ֮£Ȼȡͻƣ˻ʽ
ǻʽ
ס˫ȭʱţֻҪа꣬Ҿܹĳɾ͡
ʽ˫ĿðԵܣ
ˣʿʱ
䡭
ѵڿм˫Ŵڿмٲֻ˲նʮз·һƬľûȥ
ĺѿľͬһӴѹıϳƷ·ѾסҵĻʽ


1068
һɲǾͱóʪÿ˶·ٴ롣
𡭡
һӰ͹ԣ˫֮еĳǹҵͬսҰ
顭
һˮըѣȻ·ǻһֱûдڣǿлųʪζ·ղһжá
ӰԶųǹǳǹ̴յ࣬յʬڿСеĳŵ׹䡣
ॡ
ص𾪵ǡ
ž
ҳǹһ˦յʬ˦˳ȥ·ȥǹվ˳
ϲ΢Ц˵
뵽ԼղͻƵĻʽҲһϲǺЦ
תͷŶǸصõľˡ
Ǹɫһͣȫû뵽ԼƽһԼѾơ
顭
۷Ľηɵ˿УʱѾû˺ͳ˼ΨһӮⳡ
ܹԽնɱܹͻնɱաĶֶӮˣܹ䣿
Ŀ·ȵ
Χ˶һԵģǸء˵ﻹغصûгΪѳǣһܳNɪʲô
Ǹĺ䣬һͳ˳ǵūθģǽĿⶢһ۷ȵȥ
ȥ谡а򲻹ԷܹԷᱻԷԱըôƾʲôϣ
ǿҪɱĿ⣬޺޵صһۣһɵ˿Уȴûпǳŵϵĳһֵ䣬ҪھͼĶ顣
һ㶣
һ㶣
һ㶣
е߶һ㶣
һ֮Цͷã
ﲻϲЦտŽֵѣ¸ʰ·硣
Ȼ¿ЦõĽ˳ϲ̵վ
顭
ȻŶǸس˹ȥͬʱкȵˣ
䡭
Ǹصͱն룬ȻĿɨЩص¡
Χ߶𾪵˳꣬һ˾塣
֮ˣȻӮö֮󣬺ԥؽµնɱݹΧߣһʱҲû˸սꡣ
Ŀһصϣȵ

Ժ֧죡
ɫһ㶣̶ϲлˡ
ÿϽ߰ٶʮһϸֿ󡣡
û⣬֤񡣡ظ
ͷ֡ƨƨߵ˹ָԺɺһÿĹǽǸϽĿʯ͵
ǣĽ¶ĵЦݣһųллллˣ
ĿɨΧߣȻתͷд½ߵߣ
˷˿ȥûꡣһ໥һۣ֪һվ˽ŸȻֻغ۷壬ȴܹնɱأҾһӣһӴһȺСӣҶڿūȥǡһҲĬĬȥ
ųȥıӰгԹػ壬ǳ걻Ƿ²Ϊūһк޼ǡĳɳٶȣò˶þͻΪūеǸʱһǰǱҪΪǿ
Ŀ㰵мӳ꣬ȵ䵥ʱʮһΧɱ
ǣصӦ
д½˺ܶ࣬ǲҪڿˣÿÿ춼ܹ׵ϸֿҪľŬԼʵ
ӵڴһʯϣ갲ͷЩ࣬ϵ·Ҳɾȴɢһʣһ
갲ʱûȥӵڵȻΪЩʯЩʯȻ˽ܣҪ˽һ
ԶγˣԶԶؿʯϣһ٣䵽˳ǰĵ˵ˣ
ͷԱϸֿʯ곯ͷ
ܳлȻϻ̳Ͽֵ۰Ͱ͵ؿųꡣ
˵˵顣
Ŷãһ£ȻͿʼ˵ܹʮһˣСмǧˡʮִϸֿʮַḻԵûΪԴڸԵĿ󡣶ͨҲᷢҪ沢ԷΪûɶ¿ɸɡ


1069
˵ֳһ˿ɬ׸ȦѾԼʲôãԲڿʲôеĻŰֻʱЩŻѹһ˵ˣ˵ѰһȤ
ͷ˵˵ص顣
Ŀһ㶣¶ĪĿ⡣국˵ֻǸȤҪ˽һЩ
ǣͷ˵ͨؾͻ¼ʮˣʵǿҲһء߶Ҫȡūÿλ˼졣ʼջһǺսԱʱ֮衣ֻǲȦңûдȦԿףԿԴͳСƽʱ˲ǺɢͲעǡΪǾǶɱˣҲܹ²ȦȵֻǺսǵķ񱨸
ͷȻڰʾ뿪ˡ
ͣתͷˣ
ţ̧ͷ
һڿˮֻóֻǵѹ
ˣϷɳ̫ܹɽϿһЩɽס
ţͷлл
л
æ֣Ҵȥû취վѹ̫ˡ
귵ؿӵ˵һ£߰ٶ˷ֳ飬֧ȥѡеһɽϿɽǴɽǹ
º
ϥڿӵͷĳ꣬ͬԴ˱仯ϸȻ̧˫ֽϵȦͷųЦݣǸȦ˳ſӵȥû߼һת䣬ͿϥĽŲͷȥЦеı飬ȻĿڳϣ֮ڳĲϡ
顭
һӴӵϱǰ˫ץס꼤غ꣬㡭ɹˣ
꺬ЦͷͻȻˮȻ˳ſӵһһߺɹˣ

ڿӵЩһӶӵ;ŴҲ⣬һȿֺſӵӿȥ
ȻǾͼվųи߾ŵȦȻһͼˮڿūˡÿжֻ֪ҪȦ⣬Ǽʮ˸Ͳ⡣
˳꣬ų꣬лл
꣬лле
ڰֵ侲Ҫܡ
һտڲϯضкҲ£Ȼʼؽǹʽڸ˴ҡڶ죬ֽǹһߡ
Ȼ˵׼뿪һʱ䡣
뿪Ҫȥģ
ҪߣҲֻľҪһľʱϽϸֿ󡣡
ãͷҪСģ
Ц֪
굱뿪˿ӵûзУҲûжԪֻһһȥʧӰ
ԶųȥıӰֳһ˿γȥܿ죬ʮӰųȥķȥǰʮ
Ŀĵţûе·ûߵĺۼΪһ˿ۼҲᱻʱֵ쫷ɳû
Ȼ䣬ס˽ŲͷȥʮһӰ۾΢΢
ಡ
ʮӰ˳ΧΧм䣬ĿĹˣľϵʮһأĸأһغһء
ʲô˼국ʵ
꣬㲻ҪʣԹһǰɡǣͲΪūһʵ֮ǱǲǣǾҪɱ㣡
顭
ȻŰ˹ȥϾֳ˻ңһȭų˹ȥͬʱǸصĻҲųӭ˹ͬʱڰԵһҲӭ˳꣬ڳܻųƽ
򣺴֮ء
͸оһ˫ǰһ£ˮ֮˲ںϣ˫Ǵűֻۣ˫һѵӿ˳ȥ
䡭
ξ͵˳ȥѪļⶼѿֻĺӹһ٣û
ಡ
ŷ֮θŰһ磬һһس˹ȥͬʱȡ˾õĶ̫ͻȻˣе˶Ϊʤ׷޼˵İնɱ˭Ҳû뵽ᳯ෴ķȥ
ꡭ
ʮʽѸ͵ն˳ȥһ㽫Է룬γ˳ȥԶȥҲûŵܹôΧȡʤƣԾѵѡ
׷
ʣµʮһŭڳ׷ᡣصٶǺܿ죬˺ͳ֮ľ롣
¡¡
Զװ̧ͷһɫҲһ䣬Ķ澹Ȼ˷籩ʱɳʯ
ͷһ۽׷ʮһһҧŷ籩˹ȥڳɫһ䣬аǷ籩棬δܹرǼһؾˡ޺޵صһ۳ıӰȻΧȥһɽ߷ɱߺߣ
Щ̸ɽɶȥǵ󣬳γ˷籩֮С
һ籩һ籩Ϯͷ˵棬һ߼ѵǰߣһ֮
ȫ֮Уϵ·籩飬⽥飬ѪҺɣһ֪ɫΪʧѪ쳣԰ףǾȴʢ
֪ȥ˶ãϵϢʼ
䡭
ڴһʵأһڼһֱغ۷壬оԼһʱ䣬ܹͻƵء
ǡ
籩ȥˣ̽ԼЧһݱӶȥ籩ȫȥɽеľϵɫطɵ˿ȥﻹܹҵӰ
ʮǰΧɱһˣûɱ꣬һôܹǷŭˣػ塭
ɫѾͳ겻ˣͻȥд½߶ץ
ΪʲôɱǣɫԹ
ɱǣǳ޹˼ɡǾҪд½߶ץȳֺ롣ֻҪ룬ɱ練ơ
Ӣ
ߣ
д½ɽ˺ƴḶ́һ˸߲ҵذᵽɽڡʱɽ֮ӿյһˣһȺˣӿյͬһ㡣


1070
䡭
һɽˣһд½߻ͷƿʯ˳˿УΧȥ
漴ǵɫһ䣬ǷֱΧˡľϵǧ߰ΧˣЩߵǰվʮһĿǡ
һλǺ⣿
ͶҲɱǣغȵ
ⲻܣȻͬʱһΪ۷塣
ϣ
巢һȣ˹ȥһս
ս
߰ٶд½ߺȣľϵ߳ɱ˹ȥ
˫ܿײһֻһ棬ͱססӵ˵ϣһд½߱סӵ˵ϡ
ǵʵԭͲľϵߣֻ߰ٶˣľϵȴǧˡսĺܿ죬һӵʱ䣬㱻ľϵȫƷ
ʱѾԪȴӵͦͬǹһֱŭضӿлµء
˫Ų˵վţѾӴԪռȡ˳ȻԪ̬ȴʱ׼ܵһ
ûԪţȴڡ
ЦȥһԪ˻ڳһװͰ͵ģ˾Ҫ衣Ǿ߽׵ķΧڣ貵һ
һûԪţǽȴޱȡ貵ɲǼʧ񡣽Ѿüģ̹ǵѣæһָһ

еĳ˳ȥѸ۽һСϣξͱ߷˳ȥ
ɫȻһԪ˵ˣڵһ塣
顭
һγǰһٴν߷˳ȥ
߰ٶд½߱ŭˣһŰ˹ȥľϵߵĴ
顭
е߱ڵأһǿվȻٱڵأ
ĬĬؿһУձһˣ
ľϵͣд½ܵߣְ˽ŵؽʱѪֻ˫ǹڡ
Ǽ
д½ûзԾؾۼߣŭľϵߡһΪʲô
صؿһûлش⡣Ƕľϵߵڿʼһɱһˣֱ֡
䣬ؾ˫ȴϯضľϵ߽д½߰Χм䣬Ҳϯض
еĳͻȻͣվڵüͷľϵΪʲôҪΧɱԼ
ǺԼٳɳȻɱǱ
ܿһУɫȴһ䡣
ܿ뵽ľϵʲôѾԼ˺ôһԼ֣Լֵ÷ǽд½ȫץ
Ҫɱ꣡Ŀѡ
صûٱտڲԣǵ˵Ѱ
μٷӣû̷д½פأշȥҪľϵභһ˵ʱǳʱд½ѾľϵץԼһȥӦԼǧˣǾʮһнߣϣʵ϶ܹľϵһ
Ķܿ죬СʱʱͰȻЩԸǼȻ鸽˳꣬ҿǵľϵʵҲ޼ҪΪǲȥľϵд½߶ɱ⣬ʣ³һǾֲ̫ˡû˹˼ɵĳ־ġջǸųˡ
ϥȻ۾ǰȥ˫΢΢һҰУǰǳꡣ

߽ľϵ߰Χм䣬صİȴû˿ĽţһֻҪǸҶͽеķ²ɱ⡣
ॡ
һһһд½ߵĲϣĿΧɨţóβһ١
һ֪ɱҵ˺ʲô
صİӵվͷ֪Ǹʱ޹˼ɣҲ˶Ҫĵ¡ǣǵ𣿡


1071
ңܸɴصͷǲԶȥɣ˵ľ
ֳһ˿Цɱ𣿡
һ׳һοŰȴΪ˵㵱ȻӦΪ֪һɱһԥؽд½߰ٶȫɱԣҲҪҵҪܼ򵥣ʮһսһʮһһˡʤˣЩ²㣬ˣ
꣬ҪӦ
Ϊ⣬ֻǵŶĳꡣ
׳𣿡국˵
ʲôֳɱ𣿡
ҶʮһνӮˣ˭ܹ֤Щ߻ŵԽҵͷţʱǵвң㿴׳𣿲Ҫǵвң㲻ɱǣ֪ɱǵĺ
˼һҪΣ
ǷˣҺһս
ܣȻܾ
ʱ߷Щ˶Ǹǰֵġʵĵĺܣôܹ
İһ˫ͬԷ˴ͷ£ҷɱд½ߣҲҷȥǡǳȴԺͰʮһһս͸˰ϣ԰Ҳܹӡ
ʱһֵͻȻ˵Ҳý
ţ
ͰͬʱǸΧҲǸԼĿֳ˵֮ɫֻҪʮһһսҲݣܣǰɣ
ͷ
Ǹת˳꣬ͬʮһһսǰɣ
ǾͼˣǸһָǿȥڵǰСͿȽд½ͷţȻͰʮһս˭Ҫܾûص˰ңֱɱˡ
۾һĿ˳ôɸң
ʲôң
ʱǲܲӦѾǰܹܵˡپܾ°ͻնɱвԼ
ʮһû˿գʮһлһأֻǰһ˾㹻ӦԵˡڳѾͻƵغ۷壬˺ͰһıǮҪͻǰ֡
ȥˣ߼͵ŻطȥЩ˶Ҫ֡
ܿ죬Ǹһؾʹż˷˹Ҳ˷֮ɫųͰ˫Ҫ
ǣͰͬʱͷ
һؿ˰һۣ˵ˣ
ͷȵˣ
ॡ
һձľϵ˱źȥ˵վųȥ
û°ɣʵ
û£ֻǱסĿ¶ǵ㲻Ӧ
ҡҡͷûܹȥԼһأʱܹ˷ԪͷЩԼǽ⿪ӡ
ЩͷʼΪǽӴӡʱѾʮɵ˿Уųȵ꣬ս
귭һ۵ţǷ˵ʱ֪Ҫѷӡ⿪𣿡
ɫһͣҲ֪һֻ̡ͣǽɱ˵Ŀ˳ꡣȴȴֻǿ˵Щߣһñףһ˲ᣬбɱ
ԼСʱ˵߶⿪˷ӡһ˫˫еĿ˳ꡣ국һЦûأֱȡǰѾõһֱעǸһĿһضųеľõ
һ̤ط˿Уͷһ˼ǳһ̽Χм䶯֡
ʱվǰһΪվʮĸأһվ˱ϡ
ԽԽˣ׼ʩʱȴλһ⣬б˳ȥֻ˲͵˰ǰһն˳ȥ
һնʮͻȻ˵ǰǰûзӦû뵽кͻȻ֣ͱ롣
ʮһʣʮ
漴ľõֺն˳ȥâͬƥһӣڰԱߵһһȻһ̺ὣֵһܹغ۷𣿾ǳһҲغ۷ĶְеĳҲǳоõĶ֡
߾ॡһ죬Ǹһеĳ㱻еľõնϣ㽫նϡ
ʮһʣ¾Ÿ
Ŀѣͬһһس˳꣬ͬʱкȵ꣬޳ܣ
һһطȥͬʱмʮһһ˭޳ܣ
䡭
ľõǸһأǴʱѾһشбɱ˳һ˳ľõ
ॡ
ԷĳľõһնϣͻȻڿʧ
֮֮
Ǹһƴų׷ɱڳصİǾǵĹע£ͻȻʧˡ
Ǹһڻ֮Уҳʵ̫߳࣬ͻȻʧиӻң޷ѰĹ켣ǰȴܹ֪Ĺ켣һųķӶȥһߴȵߣ
ǸһоһҲػӽ˳ȥȴ˸ղǸеĳǱеľõնϡ߾ॡһеĳնϣȻбն롣
ʮһʣ˰˸
βͣŸ߿ռȥһâĽնЬնȥһ㣬Ľնȥһ㡣
ľһ亹壬һ߼ٷһĿĹˣʱ˸Լ˷Χ˹
棬ͬһڵһؼѾӳԼ˫֮ն
̫ˣ
նԼ˫֮ĽâҲһڣͻȻһתͷϽ£һն˰

һһ˻𻨣ǣȻûնϰеĳǰоȻҲһƷʳĳ
İѳѾӳǰҴĸءžõҲ˲ȡǳѵƽ٣Ȼתͬһ糵

ˮα˲εĸصĹͬһڵһϿȥغһأĸضײóڵѪӿ
ĿĹˣʣµһǸصı£ҿ겻ǲҪɱ𣿡


1072
һصһ죬ȴų˹ȥһص˵
ಡ
ĸһųΧ˹
ͻأʧȴȻڰһĲն˹ȥ
Ƶƣ
˻
ʹ˳ȥͷȴеľõնȥһƣ

ײٴþεסΧɱĸصĹ˸߿ա
顭
ͷϴһնĺĳͬһٲһնǳͷһף͸оһɭ䣬ͷͱնȥһơеľõſмնĳȥ

ཻ꼱ͬһһŵ׷ȥĸ̳˳
е˫صĻɱĸ˵ļ壬Ѫ˳
飡
˵ϣֱӱҳһӣʧڵ֮ϡ
ûᣡ
ĸص͸⻪֮УߵķΨһķǴӿ
ಡ
ĸرеʵǸӼ׹£еĳҫĿĽâſӿڼȥ
˫ȭգΪţⶼŤ
ˣ
еū϶ֳһ˿ϧǸصһֳһĵɫ
䡭
ڳѵɫһѵǶʶһǳһǾõ
ѵڿתһȦһһǴ󺣣ǳΪۣʹ໥׷˫̲֮ž޴ܡ
һ̣Ȼ̫˵֮С˫֮£ǳͬ쫷һתų˳Ȼӭ˿м׹µİĸء
䡭
˫ݺݵײһޱߵ˫֮ĿռһڶһС
䡭
Ǻڶ·ܲס˫ѹڱըˣŰľܼӣڼٵر˺ƣܷͬɻٷз˼ХͬǧŮ˷ֵļ
Ӱſзŷ˳ȥӰһαصغӣһݺײ
ۡдѪĸصĿڱ֮ѪȻûѪɫҲʮֲÿ
ۡĿҲһѪ
䵽ڵĳѸٵȡһƿǳҩ£Ȼֱӵһ䲻֮¡ʱ첲ǰСϵļѾɣ¶ɭɭ׹ǣڲ֮£ڷɿ޸
ಡ
дӰǸغһءǿ˳걻ش˳Ѫ
һѵõĻᣬһʹˮĻᣬԳɱһȫ˳âͬſںȥ
顭
δӿڳ˳ոճ棬â;ͷһߡ۾һǲûпսԴǵĳײ
Ҫ
ոڿֹסεİֳ˽ţղǴζײųˣ˵ĳҲһغһܹԸġ
ĸؼæų˳ȥȻΪӮһ˿ᣬǾҪסһ˿ᡣ
ѾΣܹͻȻɱھѾδѾѵֵ˵һ
һһ

Χū̾һϧˣһ֮սʮһʵ͵õ˴ҵءرΪЩ˶սЩū˾塣ԼԼ飬ԼΪ˱˵ʮһ
Ƿ񶨵ģ
һ֣ǿʮһʮһлһغĸأ
ǸصһҲֳһ˿壡
˵Ŀⶼ۽ڳϣʱԴѳĽâѾߣʱĳȴûеѵ
ѵѾɵˣ
ǡ
ʱ򣬳ͻȻʧˡ
Ƶƣ
һԴſйȥȴǳԴǸصԴͻأسһնԴȻһʧ
꣡
˫Ŀ죬һռ˹ȥĸҲǶ֪˳ڿеĹ켣һɫ԰׵վʧǡ


1073
ΧūɣǶԳƵǾ죬Ҳ֪ؼҪסǸغѡ
Ȼոմ״̬г֣Ѿ嵽˸ǰһ˳࣬Ѹ͵Ľƺٶ궼Ψнõǰһ

˵ĵִཻ֮׼㣬ڱ֮ѪԶȥڰĴأֻ˲˳ǰİѳųȥ˿ҵĦռ˿˿
˫˲ڿлһȦȦˮ֮ȣȻһ˿
䡭
ε˳ȥڱ֮һѪִܹ֮ԼȫոЩָǰСϵļһαɣ¶ɭɭ׹ǣĸش˴ȴΪûбȫֻź󷽷ˣû̫ܵ˺ûпѪ
ĸоһϲȻڵˣȴ˳ٴˡΧЩūҲҡͷ껹ܹ֣صҲֶܼãĽѾע
Ȼ䣬Щū۾ĿоǲšĸصҲȫǲ˼顣
ٴʧˣʧûʲôģֲǵһοʧǲŵǳصĹ켣һֲ˼ķʽڰǰ
ַʽ֮ǰƵķʽͬٶȸ죬ʽ졣
һһʧ
һһ֣
ʱȥʵǿİ
⡭
ǡ
⻹𾪵ģ𾪵ǴʱеǳѾ־õȭŰؿֱ
ɫҲһ㶣ǳȥˣ
ǴʱѾûʱ˼ųľõӭȥͬʱһȭ˼˱Ĺųȭͷӭ˹ȥ
䡭
˶Ժٴź󷽷˳ȥڿҲˣб޾ɱ⣬û뵽껹ȵ
ڵȻתһնͬһɽĴѹȶȥǳɽһʽ
䡭
Ӱˣֱĵۣǰغʹ¶ɭɭ׹ǡǳȴû˿ͣѪڿ䣬Ű˹ȥеľõն¡
ʱ䣬˸Ѿͬһһطɿرƽĸ˦˺档
Ŀһڿռһ壬һȦųԳȥеĳѡ
顭
ڿмٳȻһ٣žڿĲڱŵ
һһͣһһ죬һ챬ѵʱڵѾһ࣬ѾʧֻΪû˫Ŀ֮¶Ųź;
䡭
ʮʽն˰壬飬֫ɣں׷ĴȻڿһ٣𾪵ųıӰ
ಡ
ͻȻٴʧһŲԶһشܣ
ʱ򣬿гһѵеһһն룬γ֡θոճ֣Զɶȥ
䡭
ʣµһؾȻųȥԱˡûбס꣬ǼʹˣҲ˳ȥ󱳼ɣڱ֮Ѫͬһһŵ׹䡣
ĸϵļⲻϵس鴤ۿնɱۿǸһԱһͷ
ಡ
ĸų׷˹ȥʱ˭ܹѾǿ֮ĩ
һҪ
оĴƿ֮ٴ̷һ䲻֮ʱѾӽ˵档
顭
˫ڵһ壬ǰĸڿһתۣ׷ᡣ
ڿмٵӶûֱ߷սĻᱻصǸһذңɱȦӶĴͬʱĸ״̬ܳûȡʤİգϣĸֳܹһͿԷֶ֮
ԳٶȸͲĸܹ׷ϵģҪǷ֮ǰ껹ûͻƵصʱпܱĴ׷ϣȴȫûпܡ
ȻĴͲסͳ겻ϵ׷һӹȥˣҲʶ׷ϳ꣬Ҫ׷ϳֳ꣬³ꡣֻǵҲԥĸж˭ȥ³꣬˭ͻɥȥ³ֻΪᡣ
˭ҲԸڻңĸֻں׷
ΧĿſ׷ˣȫû뵽һʮһȻӲؽʮһɱʣĸĸΪÿжʮĸˣں׷ֻӡΪһݵľҲ֪Ӧ
ΧūʼտʼֻǼˣȻһƬеūʼ
ĴƤʼȣ˴˽Ŀ⣬˭Ҳϵתȥ³ꡣǸصһزͷȵľϵţں׷ҾͰңĸѾûлȥıҪˡ
ĸоһݣһһҧȵȥ
Ǹһתڿһȥų¶ȥʣµҲһҧԼеʵٶȻӿ죬ų׷ȥ
ӹһ˿Ц⣬ҲȻӿ죬Ǹ¶س˹ȥڵǳ֮ӵһǱ۵õ֮Уʮʽİļʡ
䡭
죬ڿ˸߾žõͬоһִŶնȥ
ؽһҧеĳ趯һƬĻǽĻȫڣҪĲǺͳƴֻҪܹ赲һ˲ֻҪһ˲ͺá
ȫȡƣϣȫķܹ赲סĳ
ꡭ
õЮ֮һƬĻն¡
䡭
ƬĻͬһˣȻû赲һ˲õ·谭ؽԷ룬һ
ȻסΣһƬ԰סʱǲ֪ԼͳĲ࣬˭ȥڻҸ𲻵áóնɱһˣʣµ˸û˿ܹڳ
ͣΣҲڿͣΣתʱǸصһسųȵ㲻׼ӣֱӭս


1074
һĿ˶ҲһأһԪȡ
ͻȻдһſȥΨгɱ˴˶ţ΢
ǵҲˣ
ͻȻǸصһشҴһ仰ŻطȥͶɲΪȻǶǸһȥȴŶԷ
еԽԽһƹӿ
ūӻˣΧеū
һ֪ǸǺսַ˻֪ץūɫҲ΢䣬һͻȻԳ˵꣬Σ
̵ͷ˵ʵҲû˼ͶԷȥʱҲᣬȻŲ֮ڻָȴǶʱָܹġڵ״̬Ҳûаսʤء
ųͷɽ䱸·ȥҲͬʱ䱸д½߷ȥ
һ䵽ϣٴһ䲻֮Ȼ̷һƿǳҩȻϥ̽˰Χм䣬Χעš
УһǺսŻȥ
Щūû뿪һվԭŻȥÿһµūﶼǵȤΪʵģֻÿµūŻǴһЩµȤ
ԼСʱ󣬻صĴŴˣһȺ˳Ϊ׵һߴֺĺӣ¶޺ЦݣΧšͬʱΧūҲǸֺĺӴȥ
һ˵оһǸֺĺӾȻһغ۷塣Ͼʵǿū
һȺܹдԼٶˣÿ˵϶ɢһʣʲʵǿеġʵЩгǸֺ֮⣬ʵôǿ󣬲Ǹغ۷ĴֺӣоŸһأĸغĸء
ǸֺӴʱҲΧūʵϵЦݸʢһ˫ͭһ۾
Ǻǡе˼ʵôתͷԵǸ˵Ժǵ£ȻҲǷ²ȴܹǹūҪŹ
͡һسڵūЦλүݣھū
ŶǸֺĺӽĿǸسڣҪһΪȵūɣ
Ǹسڵ˫Ŀ׺Ļ棬ϵԪ˳һûһ˿ūı΢ͬһͷޡ
񱩵ɱŶѹȥ
Ǹֺĺƫƫͷû˿ԷƣȤŶԷ
Ŀǰūͷ
ͻȻֳ˲õЦݣ˫ǰһĵĺܼʱֻҪҰɱˣҾͷˣҸղ˵игһսʮһǳꣿ
ҲǣǸس˵г˽䱸
㲻ǣ
Ҳǣ
ȥɣ
ǸֺĺȻŶԷ۽ֻ˲㵽˶Էǰ
ȣ
Էһв֪ʲôʱһѵǸֺĺն˹ȥǸӵڿлζһ£ĪץסǰѵĵȻһͬʱһ˳ȥ
һʵ̫쵽ˣʱѾվյĳ궼ֻڿеĹ켣
ۡ
꺹ëǸسڲûб߷ɣǸֺӵһֻŴС˽ȥӺ󱳴˳ȻԪš
顭
Ǹسڵ㱬ѿֺջȣͷһۣ΢΢üͷƺԼĿӱѪȾܲģĿɨ˵˭ǳꣿ
Ⱥ߳ǣ
Ǹ´һ³꣬ƲƲҲôҸղڻǸһػ㱨˵һսʮһ
ǣشԷʵʮֽ䱸
˵˵ǸʮָȤʵΪʲôҪʮһս뵱ūͷ
ҡҡͷǣǱҴӦġ
ŶǸֺʾ˵
εؽ򵥵˵һߣָֺųЦ
ǺЦΪЩץסķϲȥʮһսΪʲô飿׳հ㣡֪֪˸͵ò˿Ļرϴû飬еֻ档ôţô֤㿴


1075
顭
ֺӵų˹ȥѸȡ˾õڶԷĴֱ׼Ѿʵ۷壬ʮʽն
ԷһֻǴܹһץ㱻飬Ȼͬһһ

ָڳľõ֮ϣеľõַ˳ȥһֱֻס˳Ĳӣ˲䵹ˣصԼλãס˳ӵ˵ϡ
һжʯΧȫûзӦ˵ʵȻ걻ܣΧūȴԳһ˿壬껹նһֵǿӦӦ
䡭
д½߱ըˣһηܲǸֺӳ˹ʮǰ棬ǸֺӲмһЦǰһա
顭
ʮε˳ȥҪǸֺΪĳԭ飬ʮͻ
ಡ
һ߳嵽˴ֺӵǰֺһ˳ȥȴǸ˫һرס˶ԷĴȣȻӶߵ÷˫ȴرס˶ԷȣȻ󡭡
䡭
ǸԱˣһʵǷ̫ˣóͷӦǸԱľһʹΪ֪Ǹ߰ˣ漶ߵԱغ۷Ͳʲôáæ˻ȵͣ˻ȥ˻ȥ
˵ζһͣʱĻʹѾܵطӳǼǰ׼ԱҲͣɢȥ͵Ԫųꡣ
Ǹֺӵͷ˿ԼȣȻû˿ˣһȴˣ¶ĹƨɡʱҲǸֺӵ״ǵȴû˿Ц⣬еֻǿ־塣
һ漶ߵԱȻֻܹԷĿը飬Ҫǿʲô̶ȣƨɣ⻹׼ŭ˶Է
û뵽ǸֺӲû𣬷ŤŤƨɣĿЩŮߵɨɨĿòŮϣֵң
Ůɫ˲ͱò԰ףе߷һɧŭصŶԷǶԷȴ߷ŭĿ⡣
顭
еһŮͻȻԼԴϣһͷ­ըѿʬ嵹˵ϡߵĺôΧۿū˫֮Ҳ͸¶һ˿塣
д½ʵ̫ˣҪԱҪԾд½Ǻδڣôһˣ
ǸֺӵɸЦݣĿһŮߡǸŮߵɫԽӵĲ԰ףŲŶԷ߹ȥ

зһ̾ȴû˹ǸŮߡΧЩūҲ¶֮ɫǸֺӵı̬ǸŮ߾Ҳ˶á
ʱǸŮѾߵ˴ֺӵǰͷվ
ֺӿǸŮӵ˵£
ǸŮӵһȻ󻺻·ȥǾһʱȻſ˫۽Ǹֺӱס󡭡
䡭
ǸŮԱˡ
ŮߵԱǸֺȻûʲôˣȴ棬һֱЦеɫʱ򣬳ŷشӵŶԷ
ǴֺٴθֳЦݣһȵĳļҾҪ֪ϵνڡ
оԷʣйϵ΢΢üͷԼ飬Ͳͷˣ
ͷĲͷϲϷ
ӳ֪ǰһˣҲһ񾭲ֻҪϲҪȥϲ顣һ֪ľһ𣬻˵Խ࣬ԽΣա
ʱʶдС꣬㱻ס
оһ⻹ǵһС˵þ̽ʶе磬㿴С࣬ССվ
ô֪ģ
Сٵ˵Ǿʶڣʶǧ˿ƵĹϵô֪ܲ㷢飿ֻͨ˺ʶϵǸղŸо緢ı仯Żָ˺ϵ֪㱻ס
̱ˣƽʱҲͨԼϲԪԼסȻӰ쵽ţ˱仯žСǡ
СһŤһžڴ˳뵽ʶȻԳ˵Ǹ˺ǿ
ĬԷǿܹһоͽס
ʵǸֺĺЩʣȴȫ񾭲һ񾭲ôܳΪһһһغ۷壿
ֻغ۷屻ץб쳣Ҫʹת޵˵ϰˡ
ֺд½ߣЦе˵𣿡
룡д½Ӧ
ֺӵֳɫָһߵ
Ņ̀ͦͷشȺ˳վмŶԷֺӵҪóԱǲϲԱ𣿡
Ҫ꼱æ
顭
ǸߺԥԱˣ֫Ĵ䣬һճ˳ϡĿѣһʶڶС˵ûа취ȥҵķӡ
ԣС໯ųӶȥ
ֺɫһ㶣û뵽Ǹд½ʿ˸ɴ࣬û˿ԥԱˡЩ⣬ѵЩȫԼһ
ǲһ¶ֺαﵱūץʱԱͽ
ѵ˵Ĵڣ
ֺʣԼץ˵ֻҪԼԱͷԼδػ˸ɴࡣ
кܲоԼȥбøӵرƣĿһֳָЦݣָŰ㣬
ֺӵĿɨʱ򣬸ղԼ̫ˣѡʵߡ
ôд½еĵλҲͺܵͣûѡأԼѡһʵߵģͲŶԷܹôԱҲԱǻһһվҵҪǸǲҲΪ˾ȳԱ
ɫһ԰ף漴˫Ŀͱü㡣Ѿ֮ǰд½˻ڵİˣǸʱԳЩм˭óǸʱֳһʣųһǿΪһ飬ڳѾķڷرѾغ۷壬֪겻ֻܹгڽܹд½߷ؼ԰ҲֻڳĴ²ܹд½ر֮ǰΪǾȻһսʮһʱһ
ȻܹĺʮһսΪʲôͲܹΪ


1076
ֺӿվڸղǸд½ԱĵطƽŶԷֺЦе˵ҲԱҿ
ʱѾָƽ˵ǲԱˣͻŹꣿ
ֺЦе˵ҪǲԱھ
Ҫһ߳ŰţһʶжСະС࣬ûа취
꣬д½ξͽˣʱ򣬰ȴųƽ˵һ仰
顭
Աˣ
ֺӸоԼ˵طֱ̫ĵˣôܻˣΪ˱Ա
ڵȻЦУЦôôѿֽ˼άȫܹܡ
ֺӴʱֻиӵرƣץסΪūɼץԼǿߣԼǿûа취ԼߵʱҲƿز˾ơ
ľô£
죬ɫŻָǽڱϻָȴ籩ꡣĿⲻȴһļ㣬Ŀܹ˼Ǿǣɣ
ֵԥûУôرԼľġ
ֺͻȻоԼЩңֻ֪ҪԼҪԱôͻԥԱ
һذһһضΪԱôԱ
ǡ
ֺӲģվϿΣɲҪɱˡҪó֪νǴ࣬е˶ɱˣȴ֤ԼˣῪģĿתһ֤Լȷġ
ʱѾоΧЩƺΧʮūܵд½ߵӰ죬һĪʮūϵһ𣬶˵⡣ǿҲܵеùʮߣĿһҪӮӮⳡνı֤ԼǶԵġ
ĿƿʱѾ֪ܹЩ˵ͷȻüëһȺеЩŮߣ֮ǰŮһɱһԱĳֳһ˿аЦһŮֵ
ǸŮһļ㣬ֳ־Ⱥд˳վڳص룬ŶԷ
ֺЦе˵߽
ǸŮɫһ㶣ȴȻǰһȻȻŶԷ
ٽ
ǸŮ΢΢һüͷǰһ
ٽߵҵĸǰ
ǸŮһ˿ŶԷ˹ȥһֱߵ˶ԷĸǰֱŶԷ
·ˣȻҵĿ£ֺ˵꣬ҡҡƨɡ
ǸŮߵڵس߷ߣ˫ȭɣա˫ַԼ·ϡ
ǸŮ߷ߵеĶֺȴĲгһֱơ
۾зɱ⣬ֻסû˿Ԫ߶÷Ѿ
ʱʶдСˣ
оڵԪʼָ»صڡ۾ǸŮѾַֻ֮ϡͻȻȡǳԵĴֺնȥ
ǸֺȻһˣǳӹʣ·ƣһѪۡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
˲ڶԷǰһȭ˶Էš
ֺĿһɱ磬¶˲Ȼ֮ɫһȭӭųȭͷȥԼֻҪһȭܹˡ
䡭
˵ȭͷһ
ۡ
Ŀڱ֮һѪ
ǲ
۶ѣε˳ȥ顱һˤڵϣԷһȭó۶ϳ˼ڣóڸܴҪվȴһ룬صˤڵϡ
Ѹٵشеȡ䲻ֱ֮ӷ̷ȻٴηվĿ˲ԶĴֺӡ
ֺӴʱһų¶˲̵Ц
ãܺã㾹ȻܹԼҵķӡ
顭
Ļû˵꣬ȻֹŲҲͣһһأڴһܵĺоŵڱѿ
һһ죬һǿһ
һʱ򣬴ֺӵ嶼÷˿Уڱ֮Ѫ
顭
Ӵӿ£Ҫȴصˤڵϡ


1077
䡭
ֳˣ˭Ҳû뵽Ǹֺӻҿģ˲ᡣǴֺӵٶɫһ㶣ȻѸٵųƽ˹ȥһҧҪȴˤڵϡɾر۾
ಡ
Ҳų걼ǵж˾ȻΪ֪ǵ࣬ȴԲǶԷĶ֣Էʵ̫ˣһأ˵غأȴֻһһء
ಡ
ʱ򣬴ʮʿзӶٸٶߣЩūʮһܹǻǸֺӻָǸֺӵʵʣԺǾͲкӹ
ͬʱҲ߳Ǹֺӣֻǲһӵʱ䣬ǸֺӾͱ࣬⻹ϵūһֶԸһ
ĵվʱѾ֮޸һЩָһЩȡһƿǳҩ̷ֻ֮վԭػָԪ޸壬ȴûм뵽ɱС
ֻǲһӵʱ䣬ٶ߾ͱɱ⣬˵Ŀⲻ˻صĴſڣﻹһ߾վҲαոץūղŷɱ¾ЩūҲɱˡʱвǸֺӣôΣ
ʱ궯ˣд½ķȥ˵α㲻һ١ʱʵȻֻغ۷壬׺ݵսѾеūΪǿߣԼһ㲻ɶĿЩأسڵҲˡ
ǳȴûпһۣʱԸŪ̫ɱٶ˻ЩߵĳܷΧ֮ڣķ˱Щոץһ˶ɱˣ»Щ߾ͻᶯŭǧץūôȫɱˣôܲŭǸʱ˵ͻᱻͷԼ˵Ǳȳͷˡ
ɲߵúܸɴ࣬ǰߣ
Ҳʱ״̫ãͷԼɽȥҲĴ½뵽ԼɽЩū˿ʧķڿŴһߣҲʧȥȤһԼӪطȥǴŴһ߳һãȻ
ڻڵĸ¥ڣ߾ص͸ش棬վмһһʶȤ
Ȼżߵһ£Ȼٳȥԣ
ʱ䣬꽫ϵȻǹʱעⱣܣһ뿪ɽԪ÷УͽĿĵȥ
ܵĻߣҲܵĲɣµʱ쫷磬ɳ
ϳƣ˫Ŀȴǳϵ·Ѿ鲻ͬؤһ㣬ϵϢȴӵĻ˳һֻϢء
ʱϥһɳ֮ϣԶ֮ɳĮڿ֮µɳҲʼǳȴͬɳΪһһ㣬ɳʼɳĶˡ
Ȼ䡣
Լʶһ壬ʶʼľ֮ʵҲ˲ͻƵء
ǳ˸ǧ£ų۶ǳ֮ͬһӿڣһ죬𶯡ǹᴩһĵɫѾϽɫֻǹᴩһֻڰʮϽɫʣµĶʮеǵɫ
Ȼǳʱ򣬴ӵڳһеǳ֮Ͻɫγ֮ʮľеϽɫȴǳ̬ǳ˯ʱҲǴڣʼչᴩеľ
ֻ֪ҪʣĶʮйᴩĵɫϽɫʵͻﵽغ۷塣
غ۷ֻ֮ʲô磿˵ʣҪ
һǧһ˼šֻʼûʲô򡣶ǳҲû֮ķ
̾ϢһԼڣȻһӿԼڵǳ֮ǶӿԼĵнɵǳ֮ӿڵʮѨ֮ڡ
Ѩԭһʱ䣬ѾÿѨ֮һССĹ㣬ʱȴѾ̶С
겻ץץԴ֪ô£ֻһ⣬ʮѨֻǲϵǳ֮Ҫǳ֮ȡһ˿ȴȫûпܡ
ʱǳ֮ѾɢȥʵѾȶ߼۷塣
ڵʮѨϣϸĴšãһͻȻһָоʮѨϺһСĵ
ѵʮѨջữɵ
꿪ʼתǳһŬԴʮѨڳȡǳ֮ʮѨڵǳ֮˿Ȼȡһ˿꽫еľڳȡһѨڵǳ֮ɲܹȡһ˿·һĤֻܹգܹͷš
ͻȻһ֣ѵǳɾʵĵ·ֻҪгһܹȡѨڵǳ֮ҳɾ֮ʱ
ļԼҵ˳ɾĵ·
漴üͷΪ֪ȥȡѨڵǳ֮
겻̾Ϣһд½Ĳλ̫Ͱ
ʱ籩Ѿȥɳվĥһ£µʱ䣬˵Щ˶ѾӦýǹɹ˰ɣǻȥʱˡ
ɳһ壬ɳըͬһγſзȥʱ䣬صд½פأЩд½߿һ۾Ŀ˼궮һǶǹˡ뵽ɽУʮҲŽһ뵽ɽͼؿųе˶ˣ
ȭһϲ̫ˣ
ĿɨǰʮоһϲҲͻƣ
ţ˷ܵصͷѾﵽһغ۷壬̰ͻƵ˲㣬ҲﵽغڣʦͻƵ߲۷塣꣬ǰٶûôŰԴ֮ʦͽǲʲô
һԴҸˣʵֻ֮֮֮оŲ㣬ŴԲֻҪԲ磬ٶȻˡԲ𣬸λ֮ǰҾֻʦεˣֻǸʦҿʦҪ˵ȥ
ӦõģһֵǸʱݻûйй˼ȻӦڱ˰ɣ


1078
ȻᣡһҺʦᴫڸǡһ顣
ڲǺʱҡͷصĽѾ뿪ˣò˶þͻʱжܿǿǣôǾ鷳ˡõʱǵǻ´뿪ʮ֮ж
ãǾٵһʱ䣬ʱýԲķʽڸǣѧˣٴڸߡ
۾㶼̴ڸǴԲķȴȴڵ̰꽫һֺֻյһȻһһ͵ڣܴԲı仯Ƶʡ
д½߸ͲóȥڿȻշΪڿд½߶ɽǶ
ЩӵûȥʵͲ飬ҪľΪȥݷãǽĵáЩҲĵĺܣǰҲܾͨϵؽоԼͨڰصƿɶҲʹЩ˶֪ûʲôûʵĴУȷظ߳꣬ͻʵķʽǼĳܣΨʵﵽغ۷ʱ򣬲ܹõķǵʵԸͲ֪
˳Ҳʱģصɽ֮ڣЩӵĽĵãϣܹõľϵͻơ
һµʱжɹѾܿ㽫˴ԲӶһͻƵڶء
һա
ɽеĳд֮ɽȥг㣬Щ㽥ؽˣ¶ǺսΣջĿΧȥʱед½߶߳˶ڣֳ˷֮ɫǶ֪ЩǺսһ뿪ʱ򣬾жĿʼһҪؼˣһб㼤ѡ
ʱЩūҲפط˳ŴŷȥΪȤһ²ǰ
һѹеļɽ֮УЩĵá
ʱƽжɹһµʱܿȥصķٴδ߳ɽŻصķȥһǺսڿնȥ
ʮ죡һȭʮ죬ǾͿԷˣ
Ŀԣ˵жֳ˼֮ɫĿĹˣľһ˫˫۾˫·ѹѹʾҵƽȻ㷭صɽ֮ڡ
ʮ죡
ܿȥ
ҹ
߳ɽ㿴ɽվһߡʱÿ˵Ĳ϶ûȦȦɽ֮СϢɽ¡ʵ꣬ôж
Ҳѹ˵ǲ뵽˻ᷴģֻҪٶȿһЩ㲻⡣ߣ
߰ٶ˽ŵҹɫŻؼɶȥ
ڡ
һеϣжһƣеشҹɫȻ䣬
ǡ

ش飬γ˽һѱץסĲӣסȻһɨ絶һӲĴȣһԪռ˳ӵ˵ϣϣʼ鿴ǴԪռڵĶֳһ˿ʧ沢ûпȦԿףԿЩū£ϾǰЩӺǽĲֻģǸһʵпȦԿף
ǸһҧгݵûУǾ͵ɡ
˵Ȼһ㶣ΪֳĲϾȻûȦɽͰ͵˵⡭ʲôܣȦأ
ȻûԿףôѾûˣ̧һֻŲǸһصԴϡ
ۡ
һصԴͬһһˡŴ⣬ɾģ֪߰ٶߵʵֻɱʮȫû׼׶٣оԶЩū
Сʱʱ䣬ʹ˳¥£ų֡δӴ˳ȥڵϡ
ѾȥǺսˣȥĶչһ£Ǻսڡ
ãͷ
ߣȥǺս
Ϣֻл谵ĵƹӿ䡣ǺսѾʮˣ˵ָ׼ɵĹ


1079
ûɣЩĵʵȻ˵ǼʻǺսû⣬лǰġ
û⣡еһ߼˵ʱ𺽡
ܺãҲͬļ
ʱѾʼ˽뵽ǺսǽһԪռ佻ͳ꣬˷ֱԼһСʱң˶뵽Ǻսһ֮ȻųʹصͷҲʹصͷȻȵ𺽣
һӶˡɫؿʼһť
ˡ
һǺսˣȻգ٣漱ƽ
֪꣡˭Ⱥһ
꣡˶ںһƬкܶ߶˼ˮ
Ǻս淢ĺ⾪һū߳ɽſȥΪʲôڵһǺսҲˣѵǳʲô飿
Щ߲˻أڻ֮⣬ɾĵģǵɫȴһ䣬ΪᵽѪȵζѸٵ˳ȥ㷢˻Ǽʮߵʬ塣һǲɫ䣬иֳǿ־壬˭ˣȵЩȥԵǺսǶǱͷˣȻڽǶɱҪ˵ġҾЩûбɱˣҲҪʹĳͷ
˭˭ɵģ
ܿһū˷ӿ˲ǾͶ֪˷ʲô飬һǿ־壬Ƿŭ
ģǵö˲ܹ鰡ѵǲ֪ϵȦǵ׷𣿲ôܣҲһҪǣǣ
ԣ˭֪˭
ܼ򵥣һķپ֪˭ˡ
񡭡ǳûй
ǣߣȥǵɽȥ֪ˡ
һȺ˷ŭųǵӪطȥܿǾһɽǰȻ˽뵽ɽ֮С֮󵱴ҼһһȦɽ߳ʱһ͵վ
죬˿ʼʧ૵ôôô쵽ģô쵽ģôܰȦӲ

ū˷ܵؼ뵽˳Ѿ뿪ʲôҲòˣһܵ˴̼һؼϢܿشеūʮūһ
ãã棬ǺսٵͷУǺս֮ڣһƬЦȡ˴ӻڵõʳƣٱף
ôǶûгԹȹˮȻƾԪάǶʳǻϰߣٴγԵһɾ޴С
˵ˡ
ܿҪд½ˣһʱ֮ǼЩ
һһЦǺǵǣȴ˼Żصд½֮Ҫ顣ʱҲ˳Ķ棬ͳһȻԳ˵꣬ʵ̫Σˣ
ǰͷȴҲд½߳ࡣ˵֮ǰڿǸ򣬿ģһʺ򣬶屶д½Ԫûп߰ٶжûһµˣҲڣҪԡʦҲͻƵ˼ڣλҲͻƵ߼۷塣Ҫд½ǰ첻ġǱ̽ǿգѰҵһʺĸ߼򡣡
ЦǵͻҲãԲǰܴ󡣡
ЦЦûΪ굹һƵηд½ʲô㣿
˼˵һҪľǽ糹׷룬׼еĵ˶ǨƵд½Һľϵ߻Щץǵ͸¶ͼȻǽٵǽû˿ֵǵʵվ̫ˡֻг׷磬ֹܹǽ뵽д½ҷ֮ľϵЩҲԶزˣľϵҲͲᷢд½ر糹׷֮Ҳû绥ͨĲʧȥ˶λ꣬Щϵ˱д½Ӧһƽӡ
ǡȻأųꡣ
۾ûȤȥǿ̽׼ȥǿ̽һҲܹҵһʺĸ߼򡣡
¶һ˿Ȼ˵Ŀ⣬漴ȻȥξҵȫĥˣҾд½ҰɣȥѰҸƷͽɡ
һ˼һ˵Ҫ磬ڵʵԹ磬Ҹоﵽ۷׷롣
Ƥһֳ˿ЦһҪŬ
ЦѾغ۷ˣغ۷ҲԶˣҲǻصд½Ѿغ۷ˡ
һ쿪ʼҪùˡ
ǺǡҪù˶Ҫù⽫ʱ⣬˶һӶûйĥ£֮Щ˶һͻơ
˿ĵЦ
ããǿգһǺսڴš
Ȼ䣬ڴ˽꣬ǰս
顭
Ŵ򿪣δ˳ָȥ
顭
;ŴĲҲ׷״򿪣һӰָĳ˹ȥ
顭
ָĵĲű򿪣һ˽ȥ
ʲô飿
ͨʻߴʱָ߳һĻ꣬㿴
ŴĻȥǺսڶԺ䣬ʱǺս飬üëһ
ЩսϤ
һߵЩǺսץǵЩսǿ±˵
ĿһŴĻȥȻץԼǺս·磬Էһ롣ʱѾʼˣʱһս顣
ʱ;ŴҲ˽ʵǲǷסǷд½·ߣ
ǣǸߵͷ
üͷʵûзƹȥ𣿡
ûУǸҡͷǲϤƬǿգֻƾżͶսӵеͼ˷Ծڵ㣬ԽƬսҡٲͻᱻս֮С
˵취ȵ


1080
취һ취̵ת򣬵һɻᱻԷ֣Ҳս׷ǡڶǰǣҲʧãã֮Уǰȫذǣһػصд½·ڶ취һǿž޴ʯǽ뵽ʯڶӦ÷ֲǣߵ·ԶҲʧΨһҪǵľǱƶʯײ
аն㿪ʯײ𣿡
߳ɰգ
ǻʲô̽뵽ʯ
ǣ
Խ뵽ʻң꣬;ŴҲվ˼ʻڡһ߿ŴĻϽܵսźţһ߿ʯԽԽ
Сģʯһǧף
Űף
˰ף

һס
ʮף

ƫʮȣ
䡭
ǺսʯһȭͷСʯײǺսϣȻǺսһ£ȴûлǺս
ҪΧתһս
ǣ
ǺսʯУϵ룬ʯУ۲š
Լ˰֮󣬱ʮǺսʻ˹ǵĺŴǺս׷ǡ
עʮǺսϵı־ȻץǵǺս
Це˵Ұʣʮˡ
䡭
Ļδ䣬ͼںǺսУȻձ顣ʮսʣʮҡ
ʮǺսͻȻת˷ųصʯʻ˹˵ɫһ䡣˲˶ԷããǸѲջᱻһٶս׷ϻ٣Ψһķǽ뵽ʯУʯΪڻͶԷȻҲΣգȴһ
ʻ
´ǺսʼʯǱ롣йעʯʮǺս
ʮǺսʯǵȵǷɵʯǰȴѾֻʣңµҶɵ
䡭
ʮʯ˹Ǻսɽʯʯñ飬ʯһʧȥԭеĹ켣һǺս顣ֻǺսʱȫؽ뵽ʯȥ
ʯǺսͣȻͷȥǷϽ뵽ʯðգѾ˴ʤһٶǺսǴֻʣҡ
ܿ죬ЩǺսããʧȥټԶǺսֳԥĥʲôȥԼٰԭƻд½ûɵǺս
ǡ
ûеȵǾȻսˡҲΪʯдвףҵٶȶʯ˽Ƕȣ㱻뵽ʯеսˡͬʱҲ˳Ǻսϵı־ǽӡбΪǺսͬһӽ߷ָǿȥ
꣬ô죿
ϵ´ָȥͬʱ׼÷䣬ǺսǸɵ
ͷǲܹӣһӣͻȫڱһᱻԷɡᱻԷϣ䲻ɵǡ
ǵǺսǺսǺսҲǿ˫ľ̡
꣬ˣһ˵
䣡ȵ
䡭
Ǻսȥ׼غǺս֮ϡǺս˲
䡭
Ǻսḻغɵؿʼ˫ʼ˶Ժ䣬ܵʯҲǺսײ
ǣϾȷˣǺսϵرըһƬƬƬǺսڷɳһӰ
ɵǣȵ
һſЩȥһ屻飬˫ľ̫ˣǸûлߡֻǲӵʱ䣬Щ˾ͶɱֻǸصŶһ޴ʯĺ棬ֻǴʱȺһ첲Ѿûˡ
䡭
ڵǺսҲϵط˱ըǸ߽ŵ˵꣬ǵսҲҪըˣǱ뿪ս
̾ϢһʧȥսͲ֪ʲôʱܹд½ˡ
뿪ս
ȵȻŲŷɱȥ
ಡ
һӰǺսڷ˳Զȥһʯĺ档
䡭
ǺսˣһƬз
ಡ
ǸضܵǸʯ棬ͷʯϵǸءַ̧סȻȡһ겻֭֮ҺͿ˿ϣȻȡһ֮£㽫ӿƮɢΧһԪռþʱЩ߿Ҳһӳʼɨս


1081
һСʱңǸػָһЩֻʯ֮ųꡣҲʼһԪռ䣬ͬʱþ֪Щ߶鿴Ԫռ䣬ûн⿪ȦԿס

и߾һԿ׷˹ӹԿ׿˿ȻڵϵǸʵǽ⿪ȦԿף
Ǹ̾ϢһҼǵ㣬ץūҿԸҪ֪һУܹǲϵȦôժ𣿡
û⣬Ҫشҵ⡣
ãʣ
ǽ⿪ȦԿף
ǣ
΢΢üͷҲûгݿڣδȦ
ֻҪȥͿˣԿŷµ룬Ȧһ΢͵ԣֻҪԿײȥȻܹ
ͷԿصսڵĴԪռ䣬Ȼʵıйصһж˵
Ǹ˼һµϵܹ̽ϵҲǧ֮һֻ֪ϵÿϵСϵǸǸϵɷϵеһ֯ץǾΪ˲ɿϵбȱȽǡ
شԼ˵һСʱȻ˵֪ľֻЩˡ
ͷȻ˵һһǹܹκһλСԾͰȦ
صֳ˻Ȼ֮ɫ곯ֵԲҲܹ㡣
֪Ǹر۾귴һԴϣȻվŵǸķҪȥˣ
꣬ǻģѾûǺսʵ
ڿǿǶȫİܴܲЩ˵ҵһЩܹõһǺսĻᡣ
Ҳֻˣͷ
ߣ
ڳĴ£һ߶ʯһȥǲʱظıŷ򣬶һſŻСʯһСʱڴʯһ·ڿǿȥ
ѾûǺսӰѾ뿪겻֪˫սģԿ϶ץԼЩսѾǱݻ٣Ǳ²ЩҲӦóΪһū
ãã滹һǿߵ簡
ͣرλããУһ֮󣬳Ѿҷе񽻸˶ͼȽеߣǽس˶ǿյ֮С
ͬʱҲˣ֮ǰд½ʱηǿգͣԴûн뵽ǿ֮СǿУҲسڶǿյ֮С
ɣأʷӡ
˽µУǿŵ뿪ѾԼһʱ䣬Ǿܹǿ֮ϡ
ǿȥ˫ֳһ˿֪ǷܹõսĻᡣһĶ־ɢ˳ǰʵѾͻƵغ۷塣ǿûһĶ֡
תͷֳһ˿Ц⣬ʵҲﵽءд½ܹͻƵ⣬ӵ˸ѵ־һµǿ֮ãһֱĻ۱˳
߰ٶ߶д½֮ӡܹд½ֻ漶ɼǵжߡһµǿ֮ãͬһϴÿ˶õ˲ͬεͻƣԽΪ͵ͻƵĲԽߡ
ѾͻƵż۷壬µߴҲͻƵ˼۷塣ѾͻƵ߼۷壬Ҳ׷˽ʵﵽ߼۷壬־ԶҲǴﵽ弶߰ٶ˵ѾûߣʵҲͻƵļ
ܹд½ôԶоһջ֮á
ǡ
δԤ⣡
֮ϡ
ûڿÿ˵ĶܻҡһΪ˾ȻܹȥȦ룬ĽĽûСڴҶܹ뿪ʱ򣬴ҵ̬Ҳƽ⡣뿪ˣȴ뿪ǵ̬ʧ⡣οǺӽӷʱ򣬾ܵͷʱ̡
ˣȴܵͷǵ̬ƽ⣿
ÿ춼ڷǿᡣ
ͻȻһ˴ɽغˣˣ
һ˫˫ǵ۾˿У漴һӵſУǿһŵ温
ˣ
ǳ꣬ˣ
ǵǺսأ
ѵǱ˻
ԣǵĺûǺս׷ϣ⾿ô¶
ȥ֪ˣ
ߣȥ
ߣ
һӰ˷ŻصķȥΪǿŻصķȥ
һݶϣصȴšܿʮ߾ͻ۶Ǹ㲻ΪʲôȴҲҾֱɵǰһ˽Χ˳ꡣ
ҲûǶȣѾ϶ˣԪشһߵĶС
λܹ뿪ΪǻһֹԽκһλС˲ȡȦûдλɺܼ򵥣˶ˣй¶ȥرЩлǵĵˣǲܹðա
˵ŻȻľϵЩߡ˵Щ߻Ϊ˱𣬽Ϣй¶أͨһ㣬ЩҲͲôԹˣˣǲڴͬʱҲӵĿЩľϵߣƶ壬Զľϵߡ³ʲôᡣ
λ뿪֮ȴһԴ˵ֵø˵顣ЩץǵǺսһӣ֪ʲôԭǴǱܣֻսһʯõеһսǸڵսܹǸػɱܹõ⿪ǲϵȦô˵Ҳһһβ̵ĥǾͶˡ
䡭
ʮߺ䶯һųꡣӴԪռȡԿף߸ߵؾҲ
䡭
һ̣е߷ˣ֮Բ뿪ʵʵصΪϵȦûȦڳ뿪֮뿪ˡõԿףβ
λ
ȵֺܿؼžĿľϵЩߣЩ߳겻ܹ£Ϊֻ֪ͨͼˣ˭֪ǻĸʱǸԶд½ĿľϵǼǧߡ


1082
Ǽǧľϵ߾ͻʣµǻңæų깰ֵ꣬Ǵˣ˲С˹
λĿɨǼʮ˺ȵͷҰɱˣ
û⣡
С£
Ӧģ
䡭
ʮǧľϵѹ˹ȥֻǲһӵʱ䣬ͽеľϵնɱɾߵ϶¶ͷ֮ͨɫľϵһֱǵĽᣬڽˡ
˶̧ͷ˹ȵλҲ֪ķǵĽӸò˶ãǾͻٴɽԿֻһѣҲҪˡ
䣬䵽˵棬ֽԿ׵ݸǰһߣǸ߼ؽӹԿףǲһȦ򿪣Կ״ߵ֮󣬾ͼ˫ȭգŭ
ļ򣬱˼Ȼݶϥһһηɵ˳ΧųлЩһЩߣֻܹ泯ųл
ʮʱ䣬ʮ߶ɣʱڳΧѾٶˣٶ˶硣һͼ߳ʱһҪȥǡȻһ˾ȥããȥ
ʣµĻʮ߸ʮ߸ʵ͵Ҳأߵسڡʮʮûʲôںͳ飬ǲ齨һǿӶɳΪ죬ʮ׷棬ȻЩûȥ漶мѡһЩΪӶ
µеһɷϵеһһ峤سڵʵͼšʱץ˽ʱڶ䷢ĵȥһҪǸǸڴ˵صĿľҪ꣬żɽغͳ˵ǳһԸͳΪֵܣó굱¡
ʣµĸǸص߽ϯɷϵһٰû˼ȴҪͳΪֵܣҪȥסһʱ䡣
˶أȴ峤ҲҪͳΪֵܣҪȥ͡
Щжʮף걻ץʱ򻹲ֻ۷壬ŶãҲһʱ䣬ʹ۷ͻƵغ۷壬˲ȥύǾɵӡ
гĻҪŪһսȻҪʶǼһļϡ껹ǱʾҪ˵һ£Ҳʾ⣬ǳȥŴһݶ֮ϣþš
ʦλġǲ֪ҪãһǺսһֵƣǶʱܹŪġҲ˵Ҫгɷϵ׼ƾʵҪɷϵ㣬˵ˣ²֪ʲôʱҪץΪūԳһӶһ⡣ʮ˿ɶϵľ磬Щ漶ѡһЩ߽漶ߣسӶʵҲ̫һʱȻٷֱȥļһʶһ¸ɷϵһ˽⡣лǾͲд½͵ȫǨƵϾԪŨȱд½Ũʮֹ
ЦҲãǵһᣬд½ҲãҲգᱻ֣ǸʱǾͻΪūһЩｨһܹһ򡣡
лģЦǸز˵𣿾ɷϵҲֻ̽һС֣ǧ֮һϵҲǾܹ̽һʺϵ˵һӶŵȷ˼·Ҫд½͵˴ǨƣҪǺսɲ٣ͷʹˣ
ǺǡЦû뵽ﻹ峤
ҲЦôм峤Ҳϡ档߰ɣȥ̸̸
ֻصʮ߸ǾһӶţʱϾ󲿷ֵ߶ѾȥֻʣһЩԭҲܵߣԼнǧ˵ģЩﶼ˺ܾãʵǳǿҲ߼ҲҪӶŵϢȴ˳ͬ⣬㷢һƬ
ȻкǼ峤һ£һ򾩵峤ļңԴҾȵһ


1083
Ȼ˾ҾͲٵ飬˭Ҳ֪Ǹ߻ʲôʱǴұããȥһŽƷǵȥ
򾩼һ£ɵƷǿҪµʱ䣬ǧ˱ããдУžзʮֿ˵߱ʶغɷϵþĵãЩһÿһҲԳ˴им֮ģûʲô˽غ߽
ûкǽǿڿϸýĶѾˣʱһνԼͶãã֮УããС
²ϵǼʷе˶ƣ򾩵ĴŻƷȥ
Ʒǡ
һŹϵѾʮڵ£ڵϵԪ൱棬Ҳе屶СҲԶԶδĩʱڡ
ƷǶ
ǡ
ķԴأֻѾ˥ˣתƵϷļҲ˥䡣
ҡ
ľĹ㳡ȴǽţһС¥Ĵǰԣ໥ŭӡʱС¥ڵһĻͬҲǽš
峤λϣĿŭضڶһߡ򶫵վҵλʵǿһء򶫵ȴʧȥǿϢڶǸߵȴվλһغ۷壬վһسڡ
򶫵¶ҵң̲ңͲ±
ϸ磬Ƿǰغ۷ʵȻǲҡѾ߻ħȫʵʧֻҪе⣬ðլǣĲְɣ
㡭򶫵һ˿Ѫ
㿴㣡ҵ¶˹֮ɫԼ߻ħˣ׶ϸ磬ʹ컰ʵʵؽе⽻ңҵլǣұƽȻҳƽҵӵҲҪΪҹ첻Ӧ˵þҪҳ״Ĩȥ
ʱ򣬳˽ǣҶ
ôһǧ˵Ķ뵽ǣһͷģڵ˽
Щ˶ǶûϴˣǳҲһûϴ裬˵ͷǻǺġ
ֻһȺͷ˺ܰûµľٶȴҲΧ˰˲١
һŴװ׳ӿиס˳ˡһٴװ׳ųˣȵʲôˣ
Сӣ㣡򾩼Ǹ˹ȥԶſ˫ӵ״򾩸ˣ
Сɫһ㶣Ȼ͵һ˳ȥһһߣȻСӵ˹ȥ
ͣСֹס򾩵ϳˣ򾩣ңʵǡ̫ˣ
򾩲ΪĽ񱻹ûиĵ
ϻСֳһ˿ȵү߻ħˣңҪ̲ң㻹Ͻȥ
ʲôһӱĵСӵĸǰһץס˵ģ
֣СӵɫЩ԰ס
Ϊʲôȥæ򾩲ûзſ֣ץøǽһյСӵĸǰ
ҵҪæүӾܾˣ˽ţСӺ
ಡ
򾩵ʧڴϣ˵Ҳ׷׷𣬽СӵͷһԼ·ϵĺӡɫһ԰ף½·ӵ˵ϣʿԼȥȻҲಡһʧˡ
С¥ǰһƬžֻžſҰķ籩ҵͬ˵Ŀɨҵߣҵһ˫˫۾͸¶սľġ
ಡ
һؤģ˴ӿĿһɨҵϡҵ߾͸оͬһֻ߶ϣ˹
С¥ЩûһС¥֮ڡЩ߱һĿһɨвη塣һаһؤôĿ⣿СϵϢôǿ󣿡
ಡ
ʮӰǳʮ򾩵
ɫһһؤǡһȺؤֻȺؤϢǿ󣡡
ಡ
㳡Χݶϣǽϣߣǧˡ
ֻǡЩôһؤĴ簡
ಡ
һӰ򾩵ԣȴСӡҺҵжһһˣ
ϴ󣡡תͷ˳ꡣ국˵ôô
Ҫҧгݵ
ͷһظХХ죬Щ漶߽Щɱˡ
Ȼ򾩵ǽȥ
ಡ
СڵʮŸ˲ͳС¥ûеȵЩ߷Ӧ˾Ѿվ˻ҵ档
䡭
С¥Ѿɱ¾
顭
һŽҵĴߵķѣ˽ȥڵ˲ɽĿ㶼Ŵſ˹
Ǹոɱ¾˭ûжǵжΪһС¥ҺҿΪʲôԭ˳ͻг񣬼ȻѾ˳ͻǾͲҪ̸ˣͽˡ붯ȴļĿ˲񾭽ȫԶ
ҵֳ˵Ц⣬һоյЦ⣬Ǿʱ򣬻ҵĴűˡ
ʮ˸ؤ˽˰Χ棬򶫺ҵɫȻЩ˵Ͼһؤ磬һװģܹ˺ܾûϴˣһζЩͷųϢ̫ˣÿһϢƷ͡
ǡ
ЩǶʶҺҶ㲻ЩؤǵѣһӵǰûпڣֻǽĿȺؤɨɨȥ
һ£һ£
һϤȻÿһ죬ʮŸˣֻһֵڱӸǰţɫ԰ףһ˽
磬ЩǴӳģǱץȥū𣿡
˵ϾһŹ֣ǰһЩʡ
ףˣ
򶫵ӾһΣϵļⶼʼ˫۾ȴȻվߵ򾩵ǰ˫ַ򾩣ȻֽϵĻҳĨȥˮ
Сӻ֪
ף򾩵ֳŭúȰɱ˵


1084
򾩣ʱҲӦ˹Ȼ򾩡Ǻ򾩣ǶΧʮе־塣رܹ֪ﻹصһ
⡭ᡭҵϼһ˿Цݡ
ϴ鷳ˣų˵һأǶֻ֣ܹꡣ
鷳
국Ц˵ʱȻ˹ȥֻнץסпӵ
ˡ
˲佫棬Ѿغ۷壬Ѿﵽ˶ǧֻ˲䣬Ҿ͸оԼһҲסһ˵Ҫվֱͷ°͡
ˡ
һţʣµļҲ档⼸͸оԼƺǳļз֮С
˫Ǵű
Ҽ˫ǴűѪɣ֫أֻǼϢʱ䣬⼸ղŻʮŵͱһ⡣
һץ㽫Ԫռץͽ硣ջ򣬾ٲŴȥƿ·ȥʱҲվ˴ڡ
⡣
ҵߴվԭأҴİ˰ٶǧʿѹЩʿץסū̫ˣͱһʱȫͷ˳ɱһǰ˰ٶ˵ʵԭЩʿվڴڿȥʱǰ˰ٶѾʣ˲ʮˡ
ܿ죬㳡ϵսͽˣ꿴򾩵˳˰ɡҵĲӶţز̹ҡ
ãֵǸ
Ӷ򾩵Ĵӿ˹ȥת򶫵ҲӦðֽҵĵˣ
򶫵ֳ˼֮ɫ֪ԼĶʮ귢ʲô飬Ҳ֪Щ˾ȴ֪Ļᣬ̶Եһ˵ܣ徫Ӣȥҵĵ̡
ǣ
ǸҴҶȥֶһܣ̰ŷ䣬Ȼ׼ϯ
ǣ
ǸҲҴҶȥŶԳ꣬ͼţϯХ죬ĸʩλԡ£Ϣ
Ҳã
ԡ꣬ӴԪռȡ·ϣԡ߳ʱ򾩵ѾҡҲҵİȥԡˡ
ߵ˰ŸԼĻ£ĬĬؼƻŽ·ʱֹȥ˲ӵʱ䣬ʮ½˳ķ䣬һѴԪռȡ˳˳ǰϡûȥ鿴ЩԪռ䣬Ƕ˵ȡʮ֮һһϵĻҴƽ֣£ҪһǺսҲ֪ҵĲƲһǺս
һԵͼҡͷˣС壬ʮҲһǺսġ
Ŷ겻΢΢üͷͼʵһǺսҪǮ
ͼſЦڿȷ㲻ɷϵˡ
ˬصͷҪľһǺսؼ硣ҹһǺս֮µĲﶼӶš
һӶŵ΢΢һüͷϴڵʲô򣿡
һϵڵ͵򣬾ʮңԶҪԾռڵʹԽ涴
͵˵Ǹϵ߶
ͷʶܺãʵֻΪԭ򡣡
㻹ȥʲô
ҵļ˺ҵͬ
ѵ͸õһĩϣ
ȻЦҷؼ֮󣬽һЩ鴦ϣһٴ̽ǿգҵһδѵĸߵ򣬽˶Ǩƹȥ
㻹ȥʲôϴһӶһ̽ǿաѰһδѵٽϴǨƹʱҲͲӶˣϴһ𶨾ǿϡ
ľһɺһҲͷ˼һµ׬һǺս˵ˣͼţ㻹ûк˵Ǻս顣
ͼһЦϵĻҷΪ֣һǰ׾ңһңһϾҡһöϾҵһöңһöҵһö׾ҡһܹԾռڵʹԽ涴ǺսǸ߼սҪһϽҡԿһ½ҵջ񣬼ֵ٣
ʼ磬ֽϵЩԪռƵͼŵǰʾͼŸǮ


1085
ͼҲ͸һ鿴ÿһԪռ䣬ԼһСʱңͼջ˾ȻС壬ҲֵҵϾң֮ǰһ߹ˡҲҶһˣЩϽңҺͰ׾ңˡʣµһЩȵһؼңһǶһˡ
ҲãͷȡǧϾҸҷ˰ɡʣµľ㱣
ã
Ҳ߳˷䣬ϾҷȥڷȥãҲǰϯ
ڶ죬˾ʹǺսŷǶȥ뿪ʱ͸ǧϾΪԳĸлҲûпʱȱľǮ
ǺսʮִܹˡʱʮǺսеһƱյѾܾûôܹˡ
ϴǲӦøӶȡˣ
ǺǡЦҵǸˣ˵ȡʲôֺã
Ӷţ
۰Ӷţ
޵Ӷţ

ϴ˵ɣ˵ȡʲô֣ͽʲô֣
΢Ѱ˼һµǾͽӶŰɣ
ãԺǾͽӶšΪӶŸɱ
ɱ
¾Ʊ֮󣬳һ˼һ˵ҲǳӶˡǾӦһЩ
ĿɨŸغ۷壬˵ϵƣˣӽ쿪ʼ̨Ӷŵĸų
ǣųƺֱͦˡ
֮غ۷߳Ϊӳǧ˷ֳӣÿһǧˣÿֳַжӣÿжӶٶˣÿжӳʣµĶʮΣʮͶλáʣһˣҲܾ˳ٳƺΪóֱӳƺԲࡣԲΪӶŵܹܡ
Ӷŵ飬üͷ˼άһӶҪǮҳ껹ŹһǺսǳͼŵͼţӶŶЩʲô׬Ǯ
ʲô׬Ǯ鶼Ϊĳ̻ʵͻ类ĳʵӶһսȥĳط̽աĿǰ״һûУ˹ӶǵġξȥǼһһɣʱǽһЩܸһЩʱҲǡţˣӦùһЩͨѶ豸ܹʱ̸⡣
ţͷʲô׬Ǯ
ͼſһ۵ֻǸɱ̶ӵ飬һҲһǺս׬ǵǮֻӶŹſӡӶ̣Ҳһ㻹ܹһǺս̽յܹһҹҲӲһҲûѰҵġ̽еġ
һͨʲôط̽գ
ȻЩδϵ
ϸ˵һ¡
ͼŵûΪ˵ǽһŬҪ˵꣬ҪһӶ
귭һۣʱ֪һ͵ȵ򣬷ЩҲ֪ͼҲǴ󷽷˵вǲ֪ҵ롣
Ͳҵļң
Ĭһͼŵϣһֱѡ
ͼųĬһ֪ѶҲſػãһֱѣһ
ɱ
˸һ֮ͼŷ˾Ʊɷϵ̫δСϵֻЩСϵ֮δΪ̫̫֮աʱرһЩǺӣʯźܶǼԵأǳͻȻȥâǺսʧпռڵ㣬涴˵Σա
֮̽еͼҪģ;Ҫϵϸؼ¼ͼҵ˱أȴ߲Ҳ
̽յõıط֣һ־ԴԴз֣һǿʯԴԴȻҲأȴڶԴءڶԴԴܹһԴֲҩĵرҵıأһǺսס
ڶֱؾ򣬾ʺϾס򡣵ȻҲƷһƷƷһƷͣƷߡǸո뿪ĻƷǣǾһƷҵһ򣬳۸˵һǺսˣǰҲû⡣
žһӵǾȥ̽գҪɾ͸ɴģǲ
ԣǲһҲ
ͼţ鷳һЩֵǮı嵥ҵʱҲ֪ЩֵǮ
ͼҡҡͷȵҵļ壬һһϸϡұץʮ꣬Ҳ֪ʮ궼ʲô仯һϸϣʱҰЩϵЩϵʲôıض㡣ǱͿǵˡ
Ǻǣҵһֱ
һԵͻȻ̾Ϣһ˵壬һЩġѾ뿪ʮˣ֪ôˣ
ôʲô⣿ļõģʲô⣬Щ˶ܹҲǹѵѡ
ؿų꣬˵Ҫǵİæ
˵˵Χ߶Ȥ
ǷеһС壬СļҲŷҵĶһֱҪҸ峤֮λֻһֱҸѹšʧʮ꣬¼嶼ΪѾˡҸֻһӣһ˶ӣûкôܵμ֮λҶȴһʲĶӣʮǰʵңʮҼûôʵѾҡηؼ壬¶õ˼֮λֻҪҵĸĸùȥҲͲż֮λˣͼӶšǶҵĸĸá
˵һ˿ɫǾλæˡ
㲻ˣͼ˵Ҹҿ϶ĶһǼҶĸĸԲã˵ĸĸöѾˡз̫ˣ㻹ʧʮꡣ
꿴һͼŵͲڼеλܵв
Ȼģͼʼҵ뿪ʱ͸˵Ҫȥʮ꣬ȡʮͻƵٻȥ񲻵ʮ꣬ҲͻƵأһȥҸһܿġ
ǡ
ҡ
һƵһɨɨʯ·ϵҶʱһģ˴ȥʮˡǸһλߵʣϴһ£һīл
ߵǸɨصԣ¶һ˿Цݵ磬ɨĺܸɾˡ
ǸȻ̧ͷ˫Ŀ֮¶˳ޣϵļ鴤ţＷңΪʲôɱң


1086
ǺǡЦе˵Ҵ磬ôɱ㣿ѹһӣҾҪ㿴ѹͷϣɱȤ
ҡ촽ţҡҶӻұ𣡡
ӣЦӿ粻֪ӻΣҵͻƵأӻҾͰˣһɨأ

һӰͬһ֧ӿмд޾ĳ޺ͱʹп񱩵ɱ⣬еһɳǹ˺ƵĿϵļ⼫Ť˫Ŀ֮ѾɳѪȴ
վԵоԼҪϢѹʧȥΪоԼڵѪҪѳ
ಡ
һӰɵԶݼ֮ϡվֻоԼһɽѹмʵ͵ѾѪ

Ȼ˫Ŀһţȫû뵽ͻȻǰһ˿ɫٶǺܿ죬һصͲˡ
һ˲䣬ѾֻصʵȻʱΪȵķŭʹĹʵصſصҲصߵвֵһᡣ
·ֻǰ˰벽Ͷ㿪һķһֻץ˹ȥ
ɽ֣
ɽܹ飬ץסֱֻ۾ͷˡ
һֻԴ˹ȥ
顭
زȱֻŻûвȵͷ­ǲϱѵĿһѣΡ
أ
ͷһʱҲ˿Ĵ⣬ʵһ㣬˭
룬һѡͬһһӯ˳һţͬʱһųС˹ȥ
һͬƿռһһ˳СϣʳСȱĵ÷顣

۶ϣǷ飬СȻᱻһĳ촷ۣҲָˡ
СȻһ̧һƣֳЦԼɽžԵģԿ԰ѳĽѾĵϡãϳȡ
顭
ͷִһѹȱѵһֻͷϲ
һأ
ϼⲻϵس鴤
ʱһĻĽţȻܹһֻ飬ȴԼԴᱻͷֻѾӲ顣ͼŽϵЬͷų顣
һϧˣοŵϼûмꡣһתͷһš
ûٷȥҪ룬ʲôˣ
һǽʿ˿ͬһǧܾŮڼУһĺĲ˹
أ
Ҫˣʲôʱôĸ֣
顭
Ĵڵһ壬ǰ˳ȥһصٶȾԱȲأ׵ذǱǱȴִŵؽ
ʱϯԪѾļ£ͬһУΪͿٵĦϵһƬƬ
˻˻
һһ̫Ѩ˹ȥ⻹ûд̵̫Ѩֱڷɱ֮УĽ˹ȥ
ϡ
ĶͻȻһӰǸӰַ·վȴܹһ󵶣˵Ѿ˼㣬һ§ͷն¡
һÿռ䶼ڣоԵ׵ĵâͬһشš
һأ
Ҫˣһ˫Ȼȡ󴸣ͬʱһԼ̫Ѩĳһ޴һ޴˶Ǳ
һԶԶ˶ǰѵƣռ䶼Ϊ֮Ȼ죬ͬһڵڿըѡ
˫۱һܹԷ
ǡ
ȴֶԷû˿˵ģ·ƴҲҪһ
һϬĺâȻ֣һǹνһ糤һǿǱǹոճ֣Ѿʺһߡ
һǹصϬǳͻȻĳ֣·һֱ͵ȴԼײǰ
һأ
ұǸΧ
ϵĺëʱѾǲһǸֵߺ飬Ҫǵһǹ̴ʺ

ϯһںĵĴϣһȻ˵ȴǰһ壬ǹӵĽˡ


1087
ˣ
ԥѡ˺ˣصʵεסϯĳڵϡ顱һ壬űϯȥϯȻʹȫʵĲеĳԷεסϴ֮֨αźȥ
һˣͺǱǹ΢ľ룬ͬʱҲӭһ˾룬Ҳ˴Լ̫Ѩ
ֻȥȻҵоһĿĹâ۾˭ȴܹо֮ǰԴأ
Ľ
ֵĴӭǼͬʱԺ󱳵ĴΪģź󷽷
뷨ֵܲĴӭȴӲӣǽصԽϯ󣬽ϯ¶صĹ֮ǰϯ
һϯ˿롣
̫Ҫ˽Χ״ܵĹʼͱ˼£ۿΧ״Է˶ˣʲôʵΪÿжԵ
ļƻҲɹˡԽϯһ˲䣬ǰɱʧˣҲ˶ĳͼţ˹Ȼ˼ǰϯ̳ĳʱϯҲǿվӡ
Ǹᣡ
зһ˿Цս֮ʱȻĴҪԼԥɱϯʤ׷Ҫ֪ͼһͣ͸Լ߻߷Ļᡣ
ȻҪߣأѡ񷴻ǾӳˡܹɱһˣҲԲ
˲˾еĴ󴸺˾ܽϯĺģһɱϯ֮Զݣȵ֮پļƻ
ǡ
ĿⶸȻһ󴸺ϯĿҲûжԳͼŷһ˲ϾأԼɱϯǳͼӦŶԣȴ˺ƽлһ˿˿
Ȼ䣬оԼĿһ֮һ·ͻȻһͰˮ棬һâ¶֮ն˹
⻹꣬ͷϣٻѨоһϬմ£ͬʱһĲӺն˹ıһĺġ
أ
˿侲֪Լ˴δйΣ֮СʱҪˣֻҪܹ߾ҡ
˫ֳִȥϯͬһ쫷ȥȻ֮ײͷϵأɱһ϶ͷҲصŸȥ
顭
һĿ֮ǰ洫ʮƿնʱҲû˼ȥ֪ԷʲôΪֻз˫Ҫһ·
䡭
˫ײһŸ߿ռٵȥ
Ȼ󡭡
ͣסӣΪǰˡ
ͼţ
˺εͷԼصϢŶѹȶȥ
ȻһҧһֱڵһұҺ˳¡ֻ˲䣬㿴ϵϢȻѾﵽصϢ
Ҿ֮ǰãܹһ˲һ׵ܣȻֻܹһӣһı
쵽Եڽ̷ˣ˫˵һԪ˫֮͸˳һһ㣬ֻ󴸷·˲ʹһȦ

˫еľ޴ǰײ˺ӴϵļųͼŵĿɱ⡣
Ƕ
һ˫Ȼųͼź˹ȥһ޴ԪȻ˳ֻԪ۶ɵľ޴ֱųͼź˶ңԪ֮ӰĴ󴸡
һܹۿɼؿΧԪ˷Ѿȡ˾õȣǱڻۣʮʽİļʣ֮Ԫٻۡ
ꡭ
һϣĵԾӣͬһ
ͼŵȡһѴ󽣣Ȼһ죬ͼŵڱȵеĴ˲죬Ӵ֮ȼ
ƤӾһ⻹һοͼʹȫû뵽ͼžȻŻܣ˹
ȣ
ͼŸ߸ߵؾ˴󽣣ͬһˡ
䡭
һն˳ȥǧӿͼҲĴ󽣣ͬһƬ𺣡


1088
Ԫ޴Ȼ飬һһӭľ޴

зƼ޴˵мй˳ӶŵЩҲɷ׷׺ˣϵķݸǳƬĵ
ͼŵ˳ȥײΧǽصˤڵϣڱ֮ѪҲͬˣȻ̷ңʵǳͼ˱ؼȴҲܲ
顭
ӵʱΧȥһоһƬ
ΧȻʮ֮ǧ漶ߣذΧʱʮѾնɱҵ߶ԶԶؿţûǰΪǿվݼ֮ϣԻڱ
ˣԮˣֻǲʲôطǿԮ
ǲײףһȴ֪ˡ
ЩŵԾϲãЩŴʱѾʼ͵͵뿪ˡǶ֪һˣ͵˵ʱˣЩҲû
Ŀͬʱӵվĳͼţвס𾪡
ôǿߣҿǿߵ仹ܹﵽصһǴĵӣһǵϵ֡ѵСôõʹӽΪ˺ѣ
ͷһ촽ϵѪһõ
ˬ
ˬͼҲشЦź
꿴ͼһЦô
ãͼһеĴ󽣡
飡
ͼŴڵһ壬αڵһسԶĿһ·һԴҲûԴΪԼܹʮߵĵزʮлء
ȻܹߣǾɱأֻɱһҲ㲻
顭
˫һ壬趯˫ųͼų˹мͬһת
䡭
֮ȻһȫײͼŵŸ߿зȥȴͬһһ·׹䡣
䡭
·ʮͬʱ˱·׹˹ȥ޾۵ϡ
䡭
ʱʵҲܲסʮĺ飬һ첲һȶټſзȥ
߿֮УͼͣסΣûٳ֣ĬĬ˼֮󣬱·׹䡣
飡
Ƶˤ˵ϣһƬ
̤̤̤
ȥϵļŤ
ಡ
һԡӾһ𣬳ȥ
ף
ãããָļݺᡣ
˫ۣȴûȥӣǽĿ˳ͼţҵ˵λļҵĹӣ
ͼĬȻϾֳ˽֮ɫͼŵľٶԾǽӣæ˵λӣֻҪ֤Ҳһܸǡ
ɫ΢΢һһСܹͻȻʵͻƵأһطʵݵأȷʵӵһ˵ܡ
˵˵
ȥҵ鷿
ѵ˵ȴֳϣֻҪԼصʵָܿҲȱٶ֫ҩֻҪǮ
һץָ·
촽˶ջûпڡԳյӶŵҪļ׾١ΨвĬĬظ˺棬ͼҲһȤģ˺档
ܿ죬鷿˳һۣǱ֮ʱҪٺͳ̸̸˼ûаգԼ᲻ᱻһ
˵ǰһִֻ˵ԣ룬ȻĻ֮ϳһͼ˵λӣҵȥշ籩һһ֮ϡһ﷢˰׽ҺҲͻƵأȴ޷ڷұƬˣżȻһշ籩ָ˳ֻƾŴŵļ仭ͼǺҲȥƬգȴҲûҵ뵽Ƭ·
꽫ŵͼأͼҲͬȻȻõ˰׽Һأ
ͣľһɨȻһƲʣһУԪռץ˳
㲻ܹغ
һ˵ˣֻҪɱС
Ͼһϲ漴ǰһץסĲӡݺݵغȵĹεĶ
Ҳн죡ΡΡ
ǺǺǡȻЦǸʲôʸɱңе˶ʸɱңΨǸӶûС
ɫһ䣬ȴĿغȵûʸ񣿽Ҿɱ㣬Σ
ֹס֮һʲô˼
ǺǺǡû˿־壬еֻԹ㲻һֱΪʲôĸ׶һֱ𣿡
ɫһ̶˫Ŀֳʹ֮ɫЩʵΪʲôΪʲôһĸ׾ТΥĸ׵ĻΪʲôĸһֱ֮ǰԸ˵һ仰Ϊʲô
ΪʲôǺǡΪͲҵ֣ǸҰ֣֣
˵ʲôŭĿԲžһ⣬ȴɺǺЦţгԹ
˵ףסΡΡ˵
һеԹ֮ɫȥ·˻䡣
ĸ֮ǰҵ˸ǰ˵иֵܣ˾ȥ̽ա
һա
ͻȻбһӤǸӤ㡣˵һˣڳ˵׷ɱ֮£òĴӴܡΪѾ˳˵ʱ򣬱ȥ˾ͽǸֵܵļˡǣȴû뵽Ǹ˾ȻѰĻһˣһս֮£ȻȫɱǸ׵ĽֵһҲɱ¾һգĸ˫˫
Ը׾Ͱ˻㵱ա
ⶼҪǷǼҵġ
һҳˡǾҳһ죬ȴĸ˵Ҫ峤λڽ㡣ĸһΪĸĸ˸ףĻмһҲԸԼĶӲܹ̳иҵĿǰһֱìܣҲһֱʱҲûиߡֻǶԽԽ䵭
֪ĸΪʲô䵭˰ɣ


1089
ⲻģͻȻץסĲӺⲻģ
ȿȿȡ
ҵؿţѪɫһɿץӵֻ֣ǲͣ˵ⲻġⲻġ
ĸ֮꣬Ȱ˵׽峤λӴҡǼҶԸжǿԻ㸻󣬸Դȴð㰡Ǹȴ˵Ϊļûˣ͸һ塣Ǻǡ֪ĸ׾ԹȥĿҲĸĿģɣ
ʹر۾ԺгĸĿĳ˲۾ƭңһжƭңⲻġ
ƭ㣿ѪʱҺδذɣΪʲô㵱ʵңΪϵԴңĸӸףΪԴ͸ֲǲ֪ѵ⻹𣿡
ҲţȴѾˣ뵽ĸȥ֮ǰԼĵεΣʹ
Ĭȥ鷿ڵ˶ĬȥǳҲ̧ͷѾеĴԪռŰ׽һСƿҺֻǴʱͻȻʧȥ˷ܣҵĶԹȴ
ʵڼѵؿڵҲû֪
Ŀһ˸ƺʶʲô¶һ˿־塣еһ˿־壬¶˳Цݡ
Ҳ뵽˰ɣǼеˣ֪а˸ˣֻʣµ˵Ҳ֪˭ֻҪȥǣ֪˵ǲʵ
Ĭһ˵Ϊߣ
ɫЩãȻãȻط뿪鷿ͼŶһۣҲ뿪鷿Ժ֮УֶĬĬ
ʱڼžţԼȥСʱ˵ҰгӶˡ˵жֳãȻ֮ɫͬʧȥꡣȻ䣬˳꣬ųֻãȻر˳ǰ
վԼǰ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻ촽䶯˼£ֳ֮ɫջǿڵϴܲܰĴԪռң
΢΢һüͷǰ׽ҺȻûͼżֵ٣ȴ϶ֵơʱҪľǮõֵǮ³ȥͬóԥǿϣɫٿͬʬһģվһȡǸԪռݸ
лл
ӹ˴Ԫռ䣬Ȼٴ߽鷿˶ûöʵϴղŵľٶϣѾƲжһ塣
Ȼ鷿ڴĴԪռ䣡
ǸԪռǰϵİ׽Һָ֫ΪҲǸӶ˲ǷҵġǸӶ˻뿪ңԺ
㶵ؿȻʱҲĻϻָһ˿ᶨصͷԣ뿪Ǻ޹ϵ
֪ʲôǵļʵ
۾Ҳһŵ˿ϵĴԪռ䣬ֿ˿Ӷˣϲֳһ˿⣬촽һµ󡭡磬Ǳ˾ǵļѾռˡֻںǵߵķɽŸ׵ǸĸĹءĸ׽˾֣ĸ׽һ㡣
ͷ߳鷿˳ǰϴҪӶţ𣿡
չһЦȻԡѼ˶ϰɣŵͼŵļ壬ڳﹺһԺ䣬Լļ˰Ҳǵһŵء
ллϴ󣡡
ȥɣ
ȥıӰ΢΢ҡͷ̾ϢһתͷͼųЦЦģҲεʼΰæˡ
ͼҲЦ꣬Ļ̫㵱ӶŵųӶĴ£ܹϿӾͲˡ˵ȥҪҿ㻹Ǳˣһˡ
Ŀ΢΢һӦô
⻹ʲôԥģҶɱˣչǵԴ뿪
鷿ڵξһ¶˿־塣ܿͷΪһ
ǿ죿
ͼŹؿųôܹһǿΪǮƶӶᣬ㲻ͬȻŹѾӶţΪ彫¾
鷿ڵֲȴһջҡҡͷ
治У̫ͼҡͷ
ĿΧʮǧߣǴʱҲԼԼҡͷж¶ʧ֮ɫ
һÿÿҪߵĵ·ҵĵڲͬǿڿϵı֤Ҳһ֮ˡ
˵꽫ĿɨЩߣЩ϶ֳ˼֮ɫڻ굱ľ
ҲûҪһӶţȻЩֵܸңҾҪΪЩֵһ·ҵĿѰһ򣬾ҲһҲһҲܹɱ޹ҵĵߡ
Χ۾һûԸһӵӶԴڿϣʱΣա˵ĲҪӶҪߺӶͬĵ·һԸɣ㽫۹ԴҲѲӶϰջӶ·ϡ
뵽˵ΪЩˣһ˵ʮһľٶҲʺӶĲ̺ʱˣȴһʵļһ֯죬ֻ˲ܹ²ΧΧ˽Žһ𣬶ǱĬظıΧˣΧ˶ΪһȺεյˡ
ͼŵɫҲһ㶣̶ֳЦݵĿԴ
ῴģֳЦݵҲţ˵˵ɷϵʲôǿߣ
ͼųһ˵ɷϵʵǿĵȻɷ֮纣ʵʾ۷壬ֻѾˣһֱûеõͻơɷϵʷҲûͻΣû֪֮ϵĲʲôӦôȥôȥͻơ
Ȼ壬ͼҾ֮һصʵһǼңҼҲصʵ
µľûʲô˵ˡϯڵڶҲֻءʵβ룬һصضУ͸ˣһЩҵûʲô˵ġ
Ҳ˵ӶҲ൱


1090
Ӷûһ
ͼȻʧЦôУһȺʮ֮һӶŶµ磬ֻһӶţǺӶɣҲǿΪǵųһء
Ȥ㲻˵ͻʵܶЩ֮ôͻƵʵģ
ͼŷһ۵һġ
˵ɲĵȰ˵꣬ͻȫû⣬ĲǴУֻҪϼҵļ壬ұʡ
ҡҡͷͷųȵŵҵʲôǣͻƵͫķ֪Ѿغ۷壬ԼһܹѰҵͻ֮·ûܹסңҲסң
ʮһĻĻٵڳԺУʿξУ˧񣬱ͫǼǼǼϵ漶һĻĻͬó¾һԼ޵ؼᶨ
Լһܹ谭ɾʡ
һ̣ľδй˼ᶨӱľϵץãȻ޷ؼ԰һ˿ᶨնϡ
ǲ
ʶڣ·ʲôȻˣľһӵõͻƣһȶδеİδеš
䡭
֮Ԫų۶ľһͻصıϣڲϵ
׶ΣûбϣΪľѾȫ죬Ҳ˵ľﵽʲô̶ȣʵͻﵽʲô̶ȡ
ͼźһȵųꡣû뵽Լһû꣬óõͻơ
Ƕôʣ
Χʮǧߵ۾˲ǰ;ֻǵͷʵǿǲŻиõӡ
ҳĹ֤һɽˣ˻ʲô˵ģ
ֻǡ
ͻܹﵽʲôΣ
е˶о棬һ˫˫Ŀųꡣ
һŲǰǵŮӣһŮӷһŮӣһˣĸá
ĽŲȻͣԾؿվԺмĳ꣬ʱѾŨԪڵ֣롣
γľúܸߣߵʵѾﵽغ۷壬ɸоûдﵽľյ㡣
ǣΧԪȴȻɢʵҲֻغ۷壬ûѰҵͻʵ;
̾һ۾˫֮оźͼ̤ǰһųδй˵꣬һɣֻҪϼҵļ壬Ҫ崫ڸʵķ
ͼŵļлл㣬Ҫ߳һԼ·ҡ
˵ĿɨΧЩ漶ߣ˵һҳͻʵܣһ˽λ
ʮǧ漶ͬʱһ漴ų
׷ϴ󣡡
ãֵܾ͹ͬһƬأ
ϴ䣡
мһƬͼŴʱȫ뷨ų꣬Ŀ¶Ľ֮ɫĽʣĽܹôһȺ档ĽĲЩʵֻҪؼ壬ΧʵᳬǰЩˣһΪ׷ߡĽЩ˶ԳĹġ
һ̣ɣȥҲῶȥ
ߣһĿ꣬Ǽң
˵ХҲλֵӭλǰǼ͡
Ǽҡ
һļ壬ǼҼǸХĸףԨһֻسڵߣĸХ졣
ʱǼҴڼȵĻ֮УǷǼҵΧͻȻһȺʵǿߣ˵Щǧ漶߶ĺܹоЩǿ
ԨżеĳϳֵĴſڣСŶЩߡһغ۷
ǸÿһϵƶڱҡҷȻûǷǱҡҷȴľ
غ۷壡
е˶һϢĸоĿŸХߵ˸Ԩĸǰ
ԨͻȻǿ־Ķ£ǼĶ¡ʱѾϳǰ˲ǱˣʧʮĶӡ
ӡˡ
ϵһգХȥ
ףһˣ
ããԨݺᣬ촽ţ˵


1091
Х죡Ǽҵɫһ㶣漴
Хˣ
Ǽӭʹ
ԨλϣһЦݡԵұŸǼҵļ߲㣬ų꣬ͼţϯ͸Х졣
оΧԪбļΪʲôСҲǵ׵ĴڡΪԪŨ̫ˣҲͱд½߳һģͼþʵǼƷ򣿡
Ʒ
˼һ£֪д½ҲһƷģӦһƷʱХѾЩľ˵һ顣ǼҵЩ϶ֳ֮ɫҸХ˳Ǽʵ֪˸Х޷ȵó
Ԩվųʩһųлл
ڰֵˣ
Ԩȴ˵ųȻǼҼҵС˴ܲǼһһлϡ
ͼźϯֵû뵽峤ٸܹ٣ʹǼԡ
ͼŵϷһ˿ЦûʲôԵģǳ꣬Ҳڿ󡣡
Ԩϱֳ֮ɫһԵĸХʱȴ˵ףмλ壬һ顣
Ԩϵ˵
ǲظлҪӶš
ʲôԨɫ
ףڵ򲻹һƷ򣬾ôŬֻʲôɾͣ
ѵӶžгɾˣԨɫŲ⣬ŷŭ
굹ؿ˸ХһۣȴǵûпڣֻĬĬͼźϯĽؿ˳һۣǵǿظǼ壬Ͷһɾ͡
ǵӶŲһХ˵۾л¶һ˿
ôһ
ԨϵķŭʧˣԼĶӲ˵˵ղҲؿ˳еһ˿Ծ֤ХҪ뵽Ӷŵ飬겢֪ӶŸȤ
ӶŲһӶţǵĿѰһ򣬻ȥһ򡣸ףǼڵֻһƷ򣬾ٸߵĵֻжߵĳɾͣ뵽Ӷţȫ֧ӶţǾϣڽס߼֮ϡⲻһֱǼ𣿡
Ԩֳ˿ɬХ죬ļˡôѰҵģ
ֻҪңϣХǿ˵
Х죬˵Ѱµܲҡδֵδ̽δ֪Σգжٴڲϵ̽棬ÿжٴ̽ʧ֮Уȫ
ҪĲ֧֣Ǽ֧ӶţǼĲһǺսΣǿϼ룬ҲҵһŸƷǵʵܹǿ
һЩ֣ǿһΪһֳ򣬶ҲͻΪūûǸʵҪӵһĿȨҲҪһʣûС
ڶ˵˵һǸʵһѰһµѡҪ֪ÿػһʻ򣬾˵ɣȻûʣȴʹϽҪƿʻӲ𣿡
׵˼ǣ
ԨǸؿһ۳ǲܹ롣
ХĬȻתͷԳ˵ϴҼӶţͬ𣿡
꺬ЦֻҪͲһ£û⡣
ХͷŸԨ˵ףһ峤ɡҴӴ˿壬Ӷš
㡭ԨȻɫ
ףѾХǿ˵ҲϣѾغ۷ˣܹжľҲأҼʷǳСʲôʱһأ
ԨĬ֪Ƕӳȥ֮󣬲µµΪӣҲ衣ֻǡ
ԨһХ죬ԼӶţûбҪ尡
ХҡҡͷףҸղ˵ӶŲͨӶţǵĿѰһŸƷҵǿΪ峤νǨȥǣðȴƽ岢ûгƾʲôܳɹԣ壬ҲʹüһԴҲûǷκ񣬵ʱҲӶΪѡ
ֵ˸ԨĬҪһѡ壬ǾӶš
ҲͬĬӶЩ߶ûм屳ˣһѰҵһΪд½׼ġЩ߻мͥǿ԰Ѽͥļ˽ӹԽתʲô⡣һǾͲͬˣļȻɷϵǳСڵǰȴǳǿ󣬽϶ǵʵռһԴǰûиԲᡣ
ҳҲȴҪǮǳҪǮ̽棬ҪһǺսɣȻǼҵĲҲԹһǺսǶһݲ;Ǻսһ
ոԨ̧Х죬Ҫһ¡
վεҲˣȥϢˡ
ԨҲվХ죬úкѡ
ǣף
Х۾һֻҪ忪оͻлᡣкų꣬ϯͼ뿪˿ųסķȥϯͼҲûлصԼķ䣬ǽ뵽ķ䡣Хȥ֮ͼųĬһ꣬ͼҳһǺս㣬ҵһ֮ԽǿǨƹͼҪȨΣ
ҡͷУҵȻԼƣǲΪ˵ֳء
ֳأͼſЦֻƿȨҪÿͼϽһԴͼҿԸṩ֪Ҫסһ򲢲ףǲ߱Ǹʵ
߱ģŵ˵һΪʵģ
ͼεҡҡͷˣô˵ѣȻ˼壬һ͸һ
۾һлл
ͼҡͷνһЦһԵϯ꣬ﲻܼӶţڵҲһƷ򣬵һᾡ˵֧ǡҵһҪӦǸǿ򿪲ԴȻǲҪӵеĿȨʱǿ̸
ֹҡͷУȨǵԼţˡ
㡭ϯָָųһزū


1092
꺬Цʱǿ԰ǸΪһ󡣡
ϯҡͷЦʱ˵ɡô˵㶼ҵľˣܻΪȡһЩ档
ϯͼȥ֮󣬳ϥתǳ۲Լ塣ֻԪӿ֮һתȻ뵽֮ڣͬʱ֮ľҲ뵽ʶʶں͵貵ǳڻתš
ǣܿóһֱ͵ĸо
Ҳ˵ʶ͵Ѿһֱ͵״̬ܹһؿʶ͵Ϊͻֹغ۷塣
΢΢üͷһһϸϸɨڣͻȻһ״Ԫڵʱ򣬺ٵһԪ뵽ʮѨ֮ڣʮѨڵһſ΢С̶ֻС㡣
һڵԪһѨڹעȥǿѨڵԪѸٵŨȻǿ̶СգдϲסԪǿѨڹעһҹǿ̶СƺһЩûиоʲô仯
ǳȴģоԼҵͻʵİ취չѾԺش̫ȭһ̫ȭûд꣬Х˳˽
ϴǼͬӶˡ
ţ
лǳԾû뵽ǼһľûеȵӳԾзӦѾХ˿ʱڿˣ˾ǸǼҵĸ߲㡣ԨվγųʩųǼԸӶšھͿԽӡ
ֹ̧סԨλʲôҪ󣿡
ԨһָֻһҪһҵһŸƷ򣬳ųѡһ֮أǸǼӵеڶѡȨ
ã
ûκγɣȻԸХȥԲӡ
꽫齻Բ࣬͸ԨһӶŵ顣Ԩ˼ǸǼҲɳһЩʿųȥ̽գȻܾǼСҲɲˣҲɳʮӢӣ漶ΪøХǳȥ
ԼСʱԲ˳ǰϴ󣬸ǼҵвƲҲڣܹóֽҲǧϾҡ
΢΢һüͷǧϽңǼһǧøǼҺúþӪѰһһϦ飬ԺҪӸǼҳʽ𡣡
ǣ
ĸĸþɡ
ǣ
һ죬ȥ
ǺսããмٷУϴȥֻܹһ⡣
ǡ
һƷ֮ϡɷϵУ߼ҲֻƷһƷѾǷǳʺϾסˡ
ĻУʮߣЩ߶ĸ߼Ա㶼Ƕһڻҵϯϻʣмľİصϯߵصĸ
ǽΨһĿľǵȴʧʮϯѾյϯĵ绰ϯڵ绰˵Ѿǿոۿڵ򣬽ͻص塣
ϯϢϯѣҲѡϯĶǿһʮǰ뿪ʱֻʮϯѾˡϯڵ绰˵Ĳֻ࣬Ǹϯˣʱϯһֱڲ²ϯﵽʲôʵ᲻Ѿﵽأ
ϯϯãͬʱҲڴ󲿷ָ߲㿴ãһǾڼʮǰȴͻȻʧȥѶϢĴ̽ȴûд̽˿ѶϢ
ԭΪϯѾˣȴû뵽ȴյϯصϢ
Щʲô
塭
绰ϯ˵绰ңǶÿǰڵһĻĻϳֳ֮ĳʱڴ֮վǧߣǧߵǰվʮϯһ۾Ϳվڴʱվڴſڵϯϯһť˵ȥٰס£Ȼٰҡ
ʱϯϳ˼˫֮Ҳ˸Ժ
ĶӻˣһǶһ˻ģǴǧ漶ߺʮġ
治֪Сһ˳ȥô˶ߡȻҿеĶӣδ
Ŵˡ
ǽĲϯ󻹸ˡϯʱûбˣֻĶӣȫϯĳͼţչ˫۳ϯȥ
ҵĶӣˣ
һˣ


1093
ϯҲչ˫ۣϴżɫϯӵһ𣬸˲ͣĴŶԷаӵʱ䣬Ӷ˲ŷֿϯʱע⵽˳ͼţֳЦݵӣ׽ܽܣ
ϯת˳ͼŵףλӶŵų꣬λͼҵ峤ͼš
ϯĿһڳǴû˵ģǶͼȴ˵ġһ峤ôû˵
ʱѾˣӴЩ˲£ͼҵ峤ôΪԼӵ£ͬʱҲûкԳ꣬Ȼû˵꣬Ҳû˵ɷϵǸճȴע⵽ϯȽܵĳ꣬ͼţͼŵҲû˿Ĳá
ԳҲ˳ʵǿѾﵽƷ۷塣ͻʵķһδʡ
һᣡ
ϯų˴֣Ҳֺϯһһᣡ
ϯֽͼţ¶º͵Цݵ峤Ĵ
ͼҲæϯһҵҡ
ϯЦ
ϯҲ˰λӣϯ΢΢üʵЩЩ㶼Щʲô
ϯԼӿʮȻϯڵʮ˼ǿϯأв˲áɫҲм
ϯоһԼĸ׻Ƿǳµġʵϯְֽ̳ģڸŹԵη塣׵ʣϱֳ֮ɫЩꡭ
ϯڵ˵ɫˣرϯɫˮĶӾȻץȥū֪в֮£ÿҪصĹﻹʱȥﻹľȥ
Ǹǰɣȥǡ
ءǸҲһԵǸæڵ
ôϯͷų޾ɱûܹҵĶץ˼ʮūۡ
ҲǸ˼Ǹæֵ˵Ҫӳ顣
ϯұģǾʱͼȴڵͼҲŹǸ󡣡
ãϯɫһһӵ֣ǸĲƲǲҪΪ𡣡
ʱҲ˵ץʮ򣬿ҪǸ󱨳ֹҡ
ϯɫһͻȻЦеҲ˱仯ĽҡжǸֻʱˡ
һ̰ǰǸһкܶڵȴˡ
ףһ󣡡ʱѾָƽ
˵
ףһӶţûǺս
ϯĬΪһҲֻʮǺսʮǺս¾ɲһ¸һɵǺսҲﲻƵʧҲֵʮϾҡ
ľһ¸ԼһǺսҲܹԼЩװȥҲʡҪǮǺսããǼʷС
ϯûԥãһҧã׾͸һǺսϯų꣬͸ǺսѾϾˣֻܹããǼзУȴܹԾռڵʹԽ涴ˡ
ϲܱûǿ˵ʱǺսˣ׬ǮһõǺսѾһʽ
л
ֿصлϯһ˾ɫҲͲپᣬڰֵһΪǽӷϴʲôʱߣͿǺս뿪ˡ
ͻ뿪ǻҪͼŻؼҡ
ǡ
һƷĿǰɷϵнɷ֮纣ڵĸ߼ͼҾ
ͼҼͼ¾һڰ칫ڣеڲͣص㶯ţĻϲϵˢšüͷ
㱨˵ɷϵһ£һǸĶһûб˿ѵʢϸֿ󡣵ⲻҪģҪǸȻץǼ̽պߣץǿϵūڿЩū˳һ˸Եļ塣
һ£Щˣ׼Ǹ󣬶ǸںܶϵķֲѾˣɷϵš
ͼ¾һĶͼҲʧ˼ʮˣǲζͼҲץū
ĵǣͼûϢǲζͼѾǿ
ͼŲҳһԽԽ
Ŷ㾿
ŵŵš
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ顱һ칫ҵĴűƿһӰ˽
磬Ŷˣ
ͼ¾Ȼ̧ͷԼĶܣȻĿԽ˶ܵļ򣬿˱ͼţͼдż
Ŷͼ¾ɫһ˲ȻͻָϣĿֿվͼԱߵĳꡣصͷˣ
ͼŴӶ˳ͼ¾һףһˡ
ǱǸץȥū
ͼŵɫһǣ
ˣͼ¾Ӳ˵ͼŵͳ׵غ
ͼ¾Ŀ˳꣬˵˵ѵһߣ㣿
ǣǰһʩ
㲻ͼ¾˵ԺͼͼҰɣŶĻ
ɫһ㶣̶ӿֳһʮֵĲ⵹Ϊͼ¾Ϊǳ
ǳ
ǴźǼʣޱ棬κ֮ϵĹֹˣƱز᳼κ֮£ǳ棬κ֮ϡȴͼ¾Ե˵˼ͣ΢΢ʩֱ̬ͦĿ˶ԷҪڣͼű㽹˵ףҵľˣ
ͼ¾ؿһͼţĿһֺɸֵԢ⡣
֪صʵĻԺٳȥһһʻ
ס
ͼ¾󱳿ӱϣͼŵôΪίǶ𱨣ģĻģǶõĽ͡
䣬Ȼų꣬Ѿغ۷ˣһʵĹԺúЧͼš
ʱϵɫƽ¶Цݡ
ͼ峤ûб飬ˣ
䣬תͼŵͼţڣ
ɴתȥͶ࣬ûбҪ衣
վס
ͼ¾Ȼȵֳһ˿ŭɫϵųѹ˹˲͸оԼĺ󱳴ɽѹѹȥȻֱͦˣתĿ¶ɱ⡣


1094
˭صͼ¾ҲܹԼԼѾһѡ뿪ԷȻûûˣҲŭⷭڡ
ţ
ͼ¾˫Ŀ΢΢һܳԾ꾹Ȼֵܹһصܣٶﵽʶأųѹȶȥ
ߣ
ƺһаӦʶصѹɣղһصѹҵľΪҲﵽʶأֻǲ֪ͻƵʡ
ĶͷѾϪˮĺˮǳһƾ鿴ԼڵʮѨϡЩһֱڽԪסعעʮѨ֮ڣеǳҩʳһաرǴﵽͼҵµʱС彫ǼеõЩǳ֮ҺƳµǳҩһСʱһƿٶȽŨǳ֮עʮѨ֮ڡ
˽µĲЪʱʮѨ֮ڵѾܹ֮Ϊ㣬ͬһſǳȻûеʶڵǳ󣬵ҲȵСҾ⼸ƺѾͣ
ǣڸղͼ¾ѹʱоʮѨƺ뾫ɨ裬ֲʮѨ΢𶯣ǵʶҲ΢𶯣·ܲסѹ
ˡ
칫ҶоһϵĵԶ죬һֵϡͼ¾ء
°͸°͡
ڵĹͷһѹıӶһ磬ǹؽڱѹԭȫѪ۾ͬѹҪȥһ㡣
ǡ
ͦͬǹһֱȻǹ΢΢زȴɢŰȻ
£Ҵ֮
ͼ¾ͬһ¡¡죬ȵų
ءۡĿڱѪͻ֮
ͼ¾ĿһаѵСǸӵĵӣôӵͻ֮
ǣ漴˦ȥǸ뷨ճûʲôֵùעԼͼҾǸӡ
֪ô
ˡ
ͼ¾Ѿѹأ̾͸оѹͬˮһ塣
ס
ͼŵųǰ˹ȥ
顭
ͼŵεֵסصѹͬгײһص˳ȥӺݺݵײǽϣȻ
ۡ
ڱ֮Ѫ
ǲ
һ̣ڵʮѨڵһſȵСǳˡ
ܵѹ£ʮѨڵǳ˲ƬʮѨͬʱҵ𶯣ЩǳƬ˲仯촷̶ۣŨǳ֮ʮѨ֮ڳ˳ȥ
ˡ
ʮѨͬʱŲͲȣһɲţŵʶҲǴʮѨ֮ӿǳ֮֮оȻó꺧Ȼطֻ̲ž
ʱѾ˶ͼ¾ȫ֮Сͼ¾ɫҲһĿһ˿ԥջջ˾ѹͬˮһȥ
ڼЩɣΪԪıͬһʱܹը
ˡ
֮֮֮ںϺģֲѸٻΪںֲʮѨͬʱ𶯣ʶ·𱻳Ƶʳ
䡭
ĵʶˣ˲ʮѨӿǳ֮;ֱʶ͵ӿ˽ȥ
ںʶڵǳӿǳ֮;ʼһ˿˿ֻȻˣʶ͵ﷴԵСˡ
ڰ칫Ʈ֮ǳ֮ųڷӿȥͼĿɿڴų꣬ſŴ죬ȫԼʹ
תͷͼ¾Ͱ͵ʵꡭͻˣ
ͼ¾ЩƵصͷȴǺơԭŴڸ֮һỶϲصؼͼңû뵽ɴؾܾˡ֮ѹó֪ʵܣǾһ᲻ԵĸԸؼͼңû뵽ȴͻˡ
⡭ʲô壿
ͼŵĶҲ𾪵ų꣬ʵ̫ˡͻƣû˵
ܹΪãþɱ
ǡ
ƫƫͼŵľˡɱˣͼҶǸˡ


1095
ͼ¾ĿҲǲͣƺʲôɵȴųꡣ
Сʱ󣬳Ʈڿе建˵֮ϡʱѾ˹û۾ǷϥڿʼɨԼ塣
ʶ͵ﶼʶڵǳҲȦ˸貵ĹâɨʮѨϣÿһѨѾտҲ˵ԭȵСǳһ˿ǳ֮ڡ
תǳ֮ǳ֮;һӿ˳ڣԪһת뵽֮ڣֱ͸üĽ뵽ʶ֮ڡͬʱмٵһ˿˿ǳ֮;뵽ʮѨ֮ڡ
һСʱʶ͵ﶼı͵ĸоЩǳ֮;Ͳʶ͵ӿ룬ʼʮѨӿ롣
칫ھģͼѾˣͶ岢ɳϡ˶ǳĵصȴųꡣ
ֹȥСʱоƣͣʱʮѨ֮Ѿһϡǳ֮
ʱһƲ⣬Ҫ뵽ʵڶأͱٴνʮѨǳȻٴα飬ʶ͵ȻʮѨڱǳ֮;ʶ֮ڣ֮
۾ӵվ˶ͼ¾
Сӣͼ¾˵
ЩεЦЦʱĲ֪ͼ¾ж֪ͼ¾ǲǹѹȣõͻʵĻԵΪлͼŵľ֮ô˵ԼҲͼ¾İͻƵʣǳ깰ֵлл
ͼ¾鵭Į˵ûа㣬ԼõͻơҲ֪ôõͻƣҲȷַǷȷҲַ´λܹͻƣҲ´ͻԣ㲻лҡ
ͼ¾û˵ѣﵽλ˲Ҫ˵ѡֻǳʱҲ֪˵ʲôΨͷ
ͼ¾ĿⶸȻһҸ·ߣ
ֳһ˿Σͼ¾ǿƣûûˡ
һ·ǼͼңͺͼŽ붴츣һ¡
ɳϵͼ۾һ츣ʥأԪŨò񻰡һµꡣޣΪ峤ƽʱȥĻҲࡣ
ڶ·ܹӮͼһһأӮˣұԷȥͼұѡһˣͼң붴츣صĻûˡ
΢΢üͷղŸоͼŵ۾һֻҪһ츣֣֪һʥءܼͼңͬʱҲͼʲô
𣿡
УͼҾͿԲ򡣡
ֳ˿ɬ˵Ҫ뿪
У
ͼ¾նķ񶨣³꣬𾪡ϼͼңҿ϶ͼò˶þͻһֻ֡Ҳ̫Ը˳һᡣҲǽһᣬǲĵġһոͻһصôͼʵĶ֣
칫ţһ֪̾ⳡǴˡҪͼ¾֪֮ںͼŶϣ²ͼŵһ֮С
Ǿʹɣ
սⰻȻҲҪ֪ԼʺƼʾ˭ǿ˭
ûʧܣһֱԽս֮ͬڴδܹ
ϵţͼ¾жһ㶣жˡ
ŵСӣ
ѡڶ·ͦ˵ʤ֮󣬲Ҫ㱦ıҪһ͵Ǻս
Ǻս
ͼ¾΢ɲһüͷǺս͵ģֵǲƣҪȱڵһֵ߶ˡ
ͼ峤ǲҶģ¶˵Цݡ
ͼ¾ͻȻЦˣͻȻˡʲôעӮһԼһôעΪʲôҪ
Ҫ
ãҴӦ
ͼһԳų͵͵˴Ĵָ˼Ǵû˺͸׸ҽһɹˡ͵͵ųͶȥϲĿ⡣
ͼſǿ˾رǳһսʮһսӡ̡Ǹʱ򣬳Ҳأȴܹնɱһغĸءͼ֮ͬڳ޵֣ʲҲˡԭҪ͸һǺս²µҲУû뵽ַˡ
͸׵뷨ͬҲ꣬ǶܾˣɴѾ֪һԸµˣ˵˲統ѺãѾͳΪѡ
ͼ¾վһһ߶ͼŵĶ˵϶ȥͼӮⳡȥڿ󡣡
ǣ
ͼŵĶҴҶȥͼ¾ǰ棬ͼźͳ˺档˶û˵һֱͼҵ䶷һ޴̨ͼ¾ͣͼҲͣĿ䶷ȥ̨֮д裬ȴûϵ̨֮д衣Ȼ겻֪ΪʲôҲʶȤûпѯʡ
ֻǵ˲һӵʱ䣬ͼͱ˹Ŀ˳ϡʱѾˣСҪҲҪȥڿˡ˫֮г͸¶ɱ⡣
ͼеɱ⣬ͼ¾ϱ¶֮ɫתСӣҪСˣҪ汻ˡˣɡ
Сӣˣͼݺݵ˵
ģȥڿġ국˵
ͼֳһ˿мСʶ࣡
ƲƲΪһ㣬ûлȥڿ󡣡
ӾˣȻҪɱңҾɱ㡣ͼҵҲ⡣
ͼ¾ֳһ˿ͣûֻǵذ˰֡ͼವһ̨顱һ£Ȼųһֵ
顭
һ壬γȻ̨֮ϣĿ˶Էͼֻȭͷǰһ

˫ȭײȻײ̨֮µͼǾһ飬Щĵ˳ꡣͼǽ뵽һؾʮˣѾﵽһ۷壬һشĥޱȼʵ˾һӣȫҪ
ı˫ȭľ˫ȭȥɡ
΢Ѱ˼һ£ʵ׿õķ֮⣬Ѿв̫ȭҲûаѻ˵ֻҡҡͷóʱȻɣ
䡭
ͼڳĻ֮ʱ𵴶̨ɣҿ϶̨һ˲飬ֻǿļγһָĿ𵴲ųײȥ


1096
ֻ𵴲ó϶ʱغ۷Ļһᱻ𵴵ˡ
˫ϥ΢΢ڷ֮ɢһֿ񱩵Ϣ嶼ܳһ˿˿ɫ׵硣
׵Ƴ𶯵Ŀų壬ͬ
顭
ͼȭͷͬһ˳꣬ûпƶͻأسڳǰֻȭͷ·סգڴ򱬡
΢˫ϥȻֱͦȭֻ޴Ӳһȭһռ䶼𵴣߳ɶ䲻̨Ȼ˿֨ȭͷһǳתĺǳĲɣͺأʷӡ
¼Ŷޣ
ǿ˵ĸһȫںϽһȭ֮У˵ȭͷѾʧһǳһ貵ǳͼײȥ
ͼ˫Ŀøӷ񣬵ԽǿԽǷ񣬷γ֮Ϊӣ
һֱû˿̽жԷ㾡ȫԼȴ̽ɾ
ͼȭдһַһ޾ķ

·зһȭ˵ȭͷݺݵײһǷ˲˳ֱۣʶӣҪӰ
䡭
䶷֪ʲôɣ˵ײ֮¾Ȼû˿ݣȴĺ֮еߴʱ·Ǳһ֮ڣڷײŴӡ
ۡ
䶷߿ڱѪת䶷ӣͼҲ⡣
е߸ɴѾ˹ȥЩ߳˳ЩԵߴߣȻѸٷأ˫ĿŹ̨֮ϵˡ
ɫ׵ü·ʱܹϨϵ·ѾؤװǶͼҲòȥϵ·ؤװλƲסص
۾һڵд½ʱ򣬾ΪǳʹԼĵʶȱ˵ĿǱܹԽսԭȻЩɷϵԼƽСǣԼǳһƷԼĵʶͬ߿ԲϴڶԷ
ͼһ۷壬ȴǲܹͻƣԸ⣬ʶأ֮һֱûͻƵʶأΪ˽һصĻʵѾʵޱȼʵԭ׼¸¾׼ͻƵʶء
ţΪһûĶ֣սʶءȴû뵽һոͻƵһصǰ·硣
֮Ȼͣ£ȴҡΡ
ûеȺͼȶαѾ嵽˶Էǰ˫ȭͬǳͼ̫Ѩ˹ȥ
̫ȭ˫
ͼ˫һܡ
䡭
ȻûеסԼ˫۱ѹȵúݺݵײ֮ϡ
ۡ
Ѫͬʱɳ˼ݡܹظо꽫ֱ֮ڵķ˳ǷϢ
顭
ͼ˫ߣź󷽼ˡǳٶȸ죬ѹȶ
顭
˫ڿвϵؽͼʮָѾָ
ǿ
ͼһȻֱɾʮȽǣͬһתųɨȥ
ͻȻʧ
Ƶơ
ͻأĳͼһʽֵͼĲնȥ
ͼǰѸǰһʽֵͬʱźãһʽβţų˹ȥ
ٴʧȻгһֵֻͼʺն˹ȥ
ͼΪӣսʽʮַ񣬸ҡ󿪴ϣʱȴ˳ƮĴ򷨣ʮͷʹ
ֵ
ֵ
ͼ˫ʮնʮնסеķ򣬲ŸǶȹȥܳĸǶȹƱӭͼĺ
Ȼһ٣ھͼ׿⣬ͬ˫ʮ쿪
䡭
ı·ӿɲΣ·קޱߵͬһ糵һͼɱȥ
ˮΡ
顭
˫֫岻ϵײ˾ܴͬ糵໥ײɱȻ󽻴
Ȼһշڿзתɽһʽͼͷ¡ͼ˫ĿһɣһʽڵԪѸٻ۵ȭͷ֮ϣȭͷ˲ʹһȦ
䡭
һʽɽնͼȭͷ֮ϣֱ۾ʹһ飬ſзȥ
ͼȴ·ͬһһ׹䣬ȭͷ֮ϴ˾ҵʹƤⷭ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ


1097
䡭
ͼصˤ̨֮ϣ̨ͨ䶷һ
ಡ
δӿ£һֻŶ̨֮ϵͼԴ
̨֮£ͼ¾Ծؿų꣬ͼʵ˵ͼңɷϵҲһصλȴһոͻƵһشûл֮
ͼ۽ѾѿⲻǳģǱġͬ˻һǰһܣȻ顱һ̨֮Ծͷ½ϣ˫ų߳˼ٽţռ鲼Ӱ·һſеĳɱȥ
ͬһŻգѸͻȻڿһתͬͷ½ϣһȭ·ֻӰ˹ȥ
ǳȭڶʽȺ˸
ʱǳ·ٽӰײȥ
⡭
̨֮µͼ¾üëֱʽȭпǳܣĺ嫣ȭǰδ顣
䡭
һֻֻӰ飬ͼһαݺݵشſ˵ϡֻŲѪ
顭
ͼһγ˫ȭó죬ⲻѪȾ죬Ǳͨ졣
䡭
˫ȭȻð˻棬˫ȭռ侹ȻһĪɣɷ·ѾΧĻΪһ塣
һ̣
顭
˵˫ȭײһ𣬳ȭͷϵѪɣָǴ˾ҵʹ
顭
ͼ˫ȭһλƳգٶҷȵĻ档˫ǰ绷Ʊ˫֮䵴εˮơ
ʹ̫ȭͼ͵ѹ֮£̫ȭԽԽԲһͼ֮ڴһԼ磬Լڻ磬̫ڲϵ󣬽طΪԷѹȣΧƣ֡
ʱͼͨ죬һָоǾǳʱһľ磬ڳĹ֮ȫʩչڱһһضȥƿȨȻһ
˺һ˺һ꾹Ȼ뵽˺һ磡
˺һľɲôýģ󲿷һҲܽ뵽˺һ־һΣͼҲûнôʱƲ
˺һߵİǾ޴ģǿ˵ʱ˺һҲһ˺һʵںͻͽ
ʱ򣬳˸Ϊ̵˽⣬˫һһ·˫֮о£һƬ棬һ
䡭
ƥйͼξͬһߵķݷ˳ȥвϵѪ˻ڰоѾ˹ȥһˤ˵ϡ
δ˵Ѿȥͼûа취Ѿ˺һ״̬˳вЩź
ͼǿһЩԼѹٴһЩҲԼܹ״̬ͣʱһЩɣ

̨֮£ͼ¾³һĿЩӿسˣҲ֪ˣȻܾԼͲиġзһ˿ɱ⣬ջҡҡͷаǸŶһѰɣһһǿѡ
δӿлؽͼ¾ǰͼ峤Ӯˡ
ţ
ͼ¾ͷʱͼִ˽ڵϵͼϾ¶Цݣ꣬Ӯˣ
ͷͼ¾תԼĶӵ㸺дɣҰѼǺս͸ꡣ
䣬ֽĿ˳ӽͼҵĿˣãҲʱȥ
лʱĻŭţԼǺսˡ
㽫갲ź֮Ұ칫һˡ
ǣף
ͼæСʱӶŰסȻǰ׵İ칫ҡֱʮֲ˳סͼŵһϽΣȥţ
ͼȴûд꣬ǸԼһˮ£ȻŶԳͲҪ֪ҸҸʲô
ӵؿһ۵ܹʲô飿ЩūĿɺã
ͼŭĿӡ
¶ЦݵϽȥǺս
ͼŰڰֵҸ㣬ͼ׼ȥǸˣûȤȤԷָӶһ
Цҡͷ⻹𣿱˵ǷһֺǣҲȥҪ֪ӶЩ˿ɶǵǸץūҲȥΪǻϴ󣿡
Ǻã
ǻϽǺսңҺϤһ£ÿսȥǸ󡣡
ãͼҲվѴҶϣһȥ
ܿ죬̨Ӷŵǧ˱ͼҵĸۿڣͣʮǺսó겻Ϊ֮࣬һҪ֪ʮǺսԲͼӵеȫӦŲǺսִʵóľţֻҪͼԸ⣬ٰʮд½ߵ
һ۾ͿһǺսﳤһʮסͨ巴ҫĿĽͲֻҪһۣ֪ķ͹ڽ֣֮š
߰ɣǾţͼŵſзȥ˷ܵؽ
ſɰǧˣԾռڵʹԽ涴֮ĿǰϵȽǺսͼҲֻң͸һҡ
ϲǧ˱ڣ˵̿ʼϤǺսǺսĴйţʱط˷ܵļ
ͼָңһߺŲ裬һ߿ΧæµȺʻǺսֻ˿ǲСҪһŶӣҪʮˡʱѾѡʮǺս˽ߣһСӣרƿǺս
ͼţҵϯǺս˰ɡ
µľͲҪɵˣ
ǣҡͷֲǲ֪ҪǺսʲôҪǽǵ˴Ǩ㣬ܹԾռڵʹԽ涴ҪǸʲôˣܹǮ͹ڶȽǺս
ãңͼʹصͷʱЩǸ֮˵ɡ
УͷаϵҪıԴϣϵͼϸҡ
û⣬ŴǸ㡣
ã꽫Ŀߺ죬ô
ϴġ켤غһһҹʱ䣬һȫ㶨
ãæţһȥˡֳǺսĴεߺ˰ﶪˣͼ峤Цûм档
ͼŷһۣ޺òã
Ǻǡָ߳ңſڣٲ˳ȥͼźһЩ߸˺棬˳ȥ


1098
Ǹˣ
úʹ죬·һֻϡ
ȻǸΪһǿ󣬶һʡһͼһʵû˿ĵֿ
ǣЩΧɱǸȴˣΪǸԴū֮󣬾ʶΣգ߲һЩӢƱˡȻǸûȴǸӣежʮֲˬ
о͸ӵزˬΪͼҷָûʲôǿ۵ıأֱӷǸһЩνĲƲ˳굱ȻҲͷֲһ
ʱƵǺսڣ콫ͼҷһˣëû̵üͷ˼š
д½͵ܹдԼ˿ڣֻһ˽Ҳһ˿ڡһǺսֻܹɰǧˣҪһһ˿ڣҪӵһǺս
ܣ
֪ͼҲһǺսԭǸܹջһǺս˭֪ȴëû̵һ
ֻôһǺսҵǵͶٴΣ
һͰǧˣǵͰΣⱲӲøɱˡ
ͼţ̧ͷͼŵûܹһװŴڵǺս
ͼ˲˳˼ԤϵǣͼžȻͷȻУʵǼ鲢ϡ棬ɷϵ֮纣סҲͼһһƷ򣬺һžƷ򣬱㽫ǿе˶ǿ֮ϣ֮ϣ֮йôء
ϸ˵˵۾
ʵϵǺսĹ˾纣ļƿţһֳǺսǼֱսǱ
սǱֱһСˣʮ˿ڣҷ͹ʮ־ˣͬһսǱ׵ѹһս
ǸʮֲףܹһҡɷϵҲֻҡ
ͼһңͼͬΪһܼһңµҶ纣纣ҲʹùһңµҶһֱţҪۣû˹սǱѾֹͣˡ
Ϊʲô겻ʵ
ȥʲôǮյģ
Ϊʲôȥ
ͼ񿴰׳һؿ˳һۣȻָԭ򣬵һԭսǱļ۸֪ҪһսǱҪϾ𣿡
ɫһ㶣㿪ʼһǺսܹɰǧˣսǱܹʮˣǾʮǧһǺսһڼƷɾһսǱǡ
Դˣؿͼš
ɶ۸񣿡ͼЦеųꡣ
ţصͷ
ͼҡҡͷܹɶ㣬Ҫ֪һսǱõĲϾԲͬ䱸ҲԲͬǺսܹ䱸ȴ䱸ôɣһǺսص߾ͿԽ١һսǱ¾ʾصҲܹ٣ܹʾص߲һвȻڽʾصɱȴҲܹ˺ʾءͿ¼ļֵˡ
۾һ˵ҵҲҪһҰһսǱǾͿĴռˣܹܿѱǮ̻
׳գͼź˵սǱ纣ܹʣµսǱٵսǱҪ֪纣ԴԴϵսǱսǱ纣ɱˣ纣ӪͬͰһ㣬սǱﶼûáȻԴԴϵսǱ͵ɡ
귢һȻ󳤳³һǸһսǱҪǮɡ
ͼĿ⿴ų㻹һ
ץץԴһĿꡣţԣһĿꡣ
ͼŷЦֱųųڰֵңЦ
ֳΣ˲豭Ȳ裬ȥͼšͼһЦȤ㽥ͣסЦ
꣬ôͺ˵ɣսǱϾҵġ
ʲô
Ͼʯ
Ͼʯ
ʵϾҶһЩϾʯɣϾʯƷƷƷͼƷϾʯôǳ࣬Ը쳣ЧǸǺսĶԴǺսĶԴ


1099
ǸɫģȭͷСʯͷ꾪ȵʵ
͸ǺսʱҲǺսڿⷿϾʯ˳͸㣬ϯҲˣֻ鶼ǣûע⡣͸ЩϾʯҲ͹ʹһ꣬⻹ڲսֻǷе룬ʹˣ͵ȥˡ
һǺսһǮĻ취׬ǮһǷ
ͼͬĿų꣺һƷϾʯһϾңһƷϾʯһٿƷϾʯһƷϾʯһٿƷϾʯһ鼫ƷϾʯһٿƷϾʯҲ˵һ͵ǺսҪһٿ鼫ƷϾʯ
˵ʲô飬һٿ鲻࣬ǻϾǾһ֡˿ڵ㣬һսǱҲҪһǧʮ鼫ƷϾʯ
ҡǲǡһҲһսǱ
ţͼźܳʵصͷʵɣһսǱҪǧ鼫ƷϾʯ
ǧ顭
Ѿˣ롭
ʱ򣬴ﴫȻһȺ˾ͳ˽ͷͽʱ۾ѾûΧˣֻ̰бŵһͷʬ塣
ǣʹǸʬûͷζڳ˵ҲʮϤȻ
ȻһϵƱ˳ȥ˫Ŀó죬Ŀ壬ȻƵ̰ϣһһٵʵ˭ɵģ
һ̰ĽߣһԺлطĵεΣڳĳɳУİ࣬ǶıȴǺܶࡣһֱ𾴵ĳ
ǡ
һˡ
ʱ͸оԼƮ޾գ䡣Ȼ˷ķŭ
ʱѾˣֻǲСĳײһ֧ڴߵĶ飬Ȼͱ֧еʲôɱˣһʶڵĽ顣
Ǹʲôˣʵ
˵ǵ̰Ǻ˵
꽫Ŀͼţͼ̾Ϣһң峤һأлһء죬صʵ
Ŀɨ˲Щأеһصͷ˵磬ˡ
ӾһǸؿеĹ綼۷壬Ӷŵӳ
ˣһŸֻ
ǵֱӱˣһ̯Ѫ⡭
ʱ߳ߣǵ·˰·ڻѪҺؽ˵ϡ
۾ѪɫİϣＷ֣
꣡ͼǰһס˳ļҪ侲ҲΪǸ֮£ǵĶһʣ˵峤
ʱϵѾʧˣǻɢźðͼŶһ˿塣

ųоԼʶˣоȻһֲɿܡ
ȥ˸ۿڣƺҪ뿪
ಡ
ʧˣΧЩ໥һۣҲһԲظųŸۿڵķȥԭūˣǳġҲΪЩӶƴûеƴ
ͼһȥӰһҧҲŸۿڵķȥ
ۿڡ
ɫǿգҵǺսѾ뿪ˡ
ಡ
һӰ˳ͼŵӰֱ˳ߣſյǿգһ
꣬㲻Ҫ嶯
ڲϵļڳ鴤Ȼ۾૵˵Ϊ̫𣿡
ͼһȴûԼ뷨ʱӦֱ棬ɵ¡

Ӿһ۾ת˫Ŀͼŵǣұ븶Ĵۡ
ͼŵɫ꣬ô֣۵Ĳң㣬Ӷš
Ҳܣҵϡ
꣡
ξһ٣תͷ
ʦ
˫Ŀų꣬ʱ顣Щ˱ľϵץһǼУһڿһǻԵ˵һֱԳԴ̵еѾʲôд½ߺ͵ߣǵÿеıʹȳ١ǶųҪΪԲ౨Ҳϧ
ȾŴ֮ͬǰд½һֱ쵼ߣΪһ쵼Ҫȵ侲ࡣȻҲǵ쵼ߣʵΪһ쵼ȥʱ٣һд½ƴûô侲еֻһǻѪ
֪ܱ꣬ʹҲܱʹⲻǳ嶯ܹ飬ҪҲҪƻһ¡
ʱЩԭɷϵҲ侲侲֮ǵбһǿɲ˿֪Ϊɷϵô֪ܲң
ǿʵң
ԸļͲӶܹģ
ȻҲһʣһصĳꡣҿʣҼأһųһٸ
껺ᶨҡҡͷʦ֪˼Ҳ̱Ҳͻϵ֪ʲôʱҲ̽;ȥǾҲ˳ˡ˭ɱӶŵˣң£ȺԭʱܹȥڽѰҵ򣬾Ѱҵ·ȥ
Ŀ⻺ɨˣ˵ǰ;δ̽;еĻҪռܴıʡȻԭһȺ֮ͽʲôܹη壿ǵĲη壬ҲͲȥ̽ˣΪ̽ҪҸΣաûһ¸ҵģǲܳΪһ̽ҵġǵˣȥҲǡ
û˶ÿ˴ʱ׳˵滰̽ҪΣ̫࣬ûһ¸ҵģҲȷʵʺȥðաοȥǵѣһѡ
ܹ
꣡ͼų˵ȻȥȥҸס
Ŀһɵͼҿϰæܾͼңͼȥ˵Լȥ
ǻȥҺͼȥͼ峤
жһͼҰæǼͲȻȴǲϧ
һҾƵķڣͼվͼ¾ǰͼ¾ųҲӦ


1100
ס
ͼ¾ĿֹסͼţȻٴ˳˵㲻ͼҵˣͼңҲһľһ壬ĳߡͼǿҲʧûôȻɷϵǿΪҲŹء
лл
ɫƽ˵ʵ֮ǰѾжϣͼ¾Ϊôһʦڡͼ¾Ȥųô㻹ҪȥҸ𣿡
ͼ¾ƽͻȻ¶һ˿Цݣͼ峤ͼܹǿͼȵĹҷֲͼȵСʱ飬ҲһҪ˵ҿԵȣʵǿ֮ٱұǿͬʱҲǿһˣǲֱܹ𣿡
ͼ¾¶һ˿͵·ߡ
ɫ΢㣬ܹоͼ¾ĻлĿб¶ѯ֮ɫͼ¾Ŀʾͼŵ˵
ͼŵͷɫ꣬ǲͻϮ͵Ϯķʽնɱ죿
ʹصͷ
ʾͺץǵūһ첻ֻãһ֣ͻᱻɷϵֲӣȻǵӶžͻϱɱİ񵥡һǷͿչжɷ֮纣ܡһǵĴͻʮΣաҪҪҪʮءҪģ۲ж֪Ҫ۲ãҪϤϰߡⲻһʱ䣬һչҲϸʮꡣ
üͷšɱĲɱӶصߣҲŹ
ͼҲüͷĻ͸ˣҪѰǼһжʱ̣ɱһ̾ͻҾ
üͷøûбķʽ
У
ͼĿڶַǺҿսսϹҿսɷϵĹκһ˻һΪĳԭһ˻һսһս֮ս֮ɷϵ֮㲻ܡҲᱻֲӡ
˫ǹڣǾͿս
ͼ¾е֮ɫŨͼҡҡͷսϹս֮ļδػȳΪֲǿ١
ô˵Ŀһ
Ҫ֪һսϹսҾͻǵ׼Ǳ㲻ٴڰǻᴦԵĲһˣҡǵʵΣͲ˵˰ɣǻãôֻҪҾͿˡ㹻ǣϼңӶŵ˻Σ
šüͷѰ˼һµսϹҿսǲ֮ҾͿԲֶΣ
ǣͼŵͷȻҲԲֶΡ
صصͷҸæҵϸңԽϸԽá
û⣬ص̾ͻ͹ȥ
ллֿ˵Ȼֳͼ¾΢΢Ϲлл
ͼ¾΢΢ͷȥ׼һ£һСʱ֮Ƿ
ǡ
ͼҡ
꾲ڷ￴еϣʱ̧üġ
ҵʵǲСһƷ³˺ܶ֡
ҡ
һʣҼسڣ϶һ۷壬һسڡһٶʮΪһʮ˸жʮһʮоŸ߸߸ذ˸ؾŸ
нǧ漶ǿߣ漶һµߡ
һ֣
ϸؼ¿Ҿͳߣǵ̵úܴ󡣳ҵ֮⣬һӵ߰һʮֿ󳡣ǧٰʮ⣬ǧٰʮֹ̣Ƶȵȡ
⻹ֻǣɷϵеһٶʮ˸ϻҵ⣬˵һ׼һš
һٶʮ˸ʮϵÿϵһһܹʮһءһٶʮ˸ϣÿһż۷ÿ»漶ǿߺ漶һµ߹⡣
ϣ˸һعâʱڷĲǳ꣬ͼźͳӳƺˣ̰ҲڷʱʵѾﵽż۷壬ֻһ߾ͳɾ


1101
⼸ҲڿеϣֻͼûȥЩϣһֱעųꡣ˵ʵͼſЩϵʱЩԾӶǰûпɱԡ
ս
ʲôս
ѹƳ꣬ӶʮŸʣʮʵǿҲءҾͲһأϵʮʮпоŸء⻹ô
ǡ
ʲô
ôĿ⣿һ˫۾·ʳ߿Լ
ͼţ˵ҰҸˣһõټֵ൱ڼƷϾʯջ񣿡
㡭
ͼ˰죬ȴҡҡͷɴ಻ȥꡣƺ˵ĻһȻ̧ͷ𾪵ų꣬һͷ۶ԷʵأȴڼҵļҲ
⡭񾭴ǲ֪ôд
˵˵Цеͼš
ͼֹ㣡ͼε˵еĲӵһ㹻һսǱˡ
ˣ˷ܵһӡ
񿴰׳һؿų꣬Ȼ˵ɾ͸ˣû˿ԥ
꣬㡭
һҪɣҪľǺúüƻһ¡
꣬Ұѻ˵ͼź
˵
Ҹղ˵ǸǶвƲĹۣЩ۰ҵĿ󳡣̣ƵȲЩҼֵĴͷ
Ŷɫһҵò
ҲǣͼҡͷַʽõһоԵʵȫɵңȻܹеĲƲ
ֱҡͷⲻǷϻǸʵҸ
˵ڶַ
սսԺҲ͵ϮͻϮȷʽԸһ̣Ƶ߿󳡰ɣ
ǣʹ˵սϹս֮𣿡
УȻУͼЦɷϵĹսһռˡȷ˵һ̣̾ڹռһġȻصסԷȥ֮ǾͲģڶԷġûбԷȥ֮ǰ⴦ãˣֻҪ򷽾Լʵס̣Ȼļ۸ܵ͡ϵļ۸۸ɡ
ôڣ겻ɽе
ⲻڡ֪ûʵҲᱻȥȥģ˲˷Ͼʯһ˵ġ
תתͼҪ򣿡
ͼʹصͷܹôһݲƲͼһңɼ۸񣬾Թڳ֮ǰԽܹߵĶߡ
ɽϵصͷ
΢Ѱ˼һֵףм֮ҾͻᶢͼҡֻҪͼһ춯Ҿͻ֪ҪϮ
õģͼЦӵвƲͼͬӵвƲֻҪڴ֪֮ͨǿͼˣһСʱڣͼ˱ص
ǡܹжջ񣿡
ͼѰ˼һµһսǱǲˣɡ
Ҳ˵ܹ׬ٶʮ鼫ƷϾʯ
ɣҲ飬࣬Ҿ͸㲻顣ľˣ
ţᶨĵͷ
ǺãȥҸ˵˵
ͼһ˵һ߾Ҫվȴһסżɷϵʲôܹѻߵ֣
Уͼŵͷľѻǹܹ۷ɷ֮ǡ
ûܹʵľѻǹ
ûУͼҡͷҾӵɷ֮ǣҪһҲףҲ֪һһ뵽ΧĻʮУǻоɱ׵ض㿪ӵھɱʱй¶˿ɱ⡣
ĥһ£ƺ˵ȥѯһ£ӶжܹﵽҪ󡣡
ã
ƺվҴҶȥһοһ߿һ˵һ־սҵֲô㣬ûи꣬ȫȥЩѰ򰡣
͡ͼЦΪܹѰҵһˣʮ궼δܹѰҵ
ǰͷ̫ļˡ
ܿ죬˺ƾͷ˻ˡ˲ֻżʵָϴֻˡ
أ꽫Ŀ˷ڵˣڵ˾㶼ҡͷ굹ҲûʧҲͲˣ
ȻתͼŵҪİɷ֮ǡ
İѣֻ𣿡
ָָԼͼžһ㶣ҲǾѻ֣
Ȼܸ߼֣ŵЦ˵
ͼҡҡͷЩˡɷ֮ǷǳһɷҪʮϾңİѾʮϾңϾ𣿡
üͷӵô㣿
һɷ֮ǻʮӵӵҪһӵһǧϾҡ
˻겻һʲô磬ʲôʱԶ׬Ǯġһ¶ͼ˵֮ǰϯ͸ҵǺսܹʮϾҰɣİѾѻǹһٿӵ
ʮڿɾͶûˡͼЦ
УСǮд
˶һͼŵ׼ʲôʱ
ǹӵ֮Ҿȥ
ʲôʱʼս
뿪֮󡣡
Ǻãȥ͸̸̸
ţ
ͼ뿪֮󣬳ϵϵѾЩ˰ɣ
ǣ˵ͷԥһµ꣬Ĵ㿪ս
ţϵصͷôĸĺôһǱ𣬵ڶӶŽɷϵкôԲǱɱı硣˸ǡԽӶһԴǶū̫ҪԴģԴ֮ǿԿٵʵδ̽кܴĺô
ǡǵʵ
Цʦ֪д½ĳҰɣ
֪Щųꡣ
Ǳģ
ųꡣ
˵ʵվʤҪءڰкܶ𲽲ʳҡ
ϴ󣡡ǵ˵ôˣǺսذ
⡣ЦǵӦнɣ
飿
Ŀⶼһʮѵ֮д½ҲֻĴŵʮн顣ɷϵҲͬʮϡ֮ƿɬ˵֪ӶЩ֮ǰӾͲùǿҲҺн顣


1102
ƲųнΣ
΢΢üͷǵĽֶ󣿡
ƵзԲס
ҵĲҲЩԺ˵
꽫ĿǾŸĽܹ΢һЩзԲҡ
С̾Լں˶飬»ǰɣĽγɵǷǳѾ˷Բǵ͵ֻҪվ۷壬ջҲȸߵлڵײǿ˵ɣȻʵǣд½ߣǾӵŸĽ飬ƺΪɷϵĵײ㣬ܹһͲˡ
ҵĽܴ󣡡국˵װһǺսû⡣
桭ģ˶ųꡣ
ţЦŵͷǲᱻҷ֡
ŽǶװĽڣȻһ˵Ϯص㣬ٽǷų
ţͷ
ǡЩĵ˵㱻ô죿
¶˿ĵЦݵǲҪһǹıĺòǺɵ顣
˵۾һҲֻҪҷ֣ڰȽҵʵȻչͻϮźܴĳɹʣֻҪȥء
ǻоһ¹ǿҷֲɣ
ʹҶʼоеϣȷһʵǵĵһжܼ򵥣ҸӶŵһ¶ÿһ϶ֻһЩ漶ߣڳ˵ͻϮɹѡ
ֹ˴Լһӵʱ䣬ͼŻˡųҺ͸̸ˣͬˡѾ´еļ帺ˡÿֲĵ绰ʱʱ֪ͨǡ
ͼŵݹһȻͼִӴԪռȡĸӺһӡ
İɷ֮ǣװһʮӵ
꽫ͼţллˡ뿪
Һһȥͼŵ¶˷֮ɫ
ҡҡͷУܹͼҾ㸸Ҳͬ⡣
ǰͼЩɥҸѾչˡ
Եعһ¡
һҹ޻
ڶ죬ͼŽ͵˸ۿڣųǵǺս뿪Ǻսܿʻããǿաżƻеĵһʻȥڷʼĥſ硣԰Ǻսս磬ǲҪ֪̫ĶСҺ粻֮ܶණ
ȫʼֳռ䣬м佨һռϣ˾Ͳᱻ˷һռ䡣ܵĶһռڡ
ȻսϷ˺ҿսԣҽսϸд
ԺܿͳһЦ
ðţ
û˵
˵
Ͻ˵˵
Ƕ֪ǰЩǸɣ
֪Ǹץһ˵ūڿ˵ͼҵ峤ץȥˡ
ӶžЩûбūɵһӶţ˵ųǸ˴ҵĳꡣ
ǰһȺūɵӶҲҪҿսɣ
ҾҲ
ʱӦòįˣֿ

ҡ
Ϣȫûеһ£ѵӵ˼ûСֻɱūԷȻű
ǲ֪ôд
ȻҸøʲô͸ʲôȥˣһ˿ûз
ӽ˼ƻйǿ֮ʱ꽫Ǻսͣǿ֮УȻ뿪ǺսǺսս֮С
Ȼ΢ıĺòǿ򸩳˹ȥ
һ󳡣ʮ̡ѡǸ󳡣Ϊ󳡶ƫԶط㽫ֻҪĶ̫޴󣬲˷֣ԿٵȥͻϮҵĲҵ
һ
ˣҶҵˣҵϵĹ͹ʵֻа˰ٶҡһ漶Ų㣬һЩ漶ŲһµߣȻ󲿷һЩϵǼЩ֮ġ
Ѿ¶ɣǸż۷ҼһԶֶӡľ˳ȥܿҵǰ˰ٶҲȷΪǴķװͺ͹͹һڿ֮Ѱһɽȣָԭò


1103
Ȼ󽫾뵽磬ʱҲǺսڳڹų磬Ȼ꽫ܶһռ䣬ǳҲʮЩسţȻͱһǶתƵɽ֮С
Щɫһ㶣ȻͿ˳꣬һ˷ܵΧϴ󣬵ˣ
ˣɨΧǵһж漶ߵǽ󳡰Χܹκһ˴ȥǹ͹ҲСЩ͹Ҫһ𽻸ͼҡ
ǣЩ漶̵ͷ
ֻа˰ٶˣǿһֻ漶ءʮնɱȫû⡣һڿмӣԷߡһӽսûɣ
û⣡
ã漶ܰΧҸһӵʱ䣬һ֮Ǿͻж
ǣ
ǧ漶߾ͷ׷뿪ɽȣܿʧڳ˵Ұ֮С꿴ʱ䣬һ֮󣬴һӵж
ƺ˵ȡ˱ֱſ󳡳ɱ˹ȥǷɵ˸߿֮ϣӴԪռȡһʼ·¼
ӶŵЩûн뵽֮ڣͷųԼľһߣȵǳ˿ڣɱһٶ֮󣬲ҷӦ˹Щʲô磿
ûиǴϢʱ䣬㽫е߶նɱһաǰûһӵʱ䡣
Щ͹Ҳ͸տʼЩţǵȵӶŵ߲˺ǣǱ֪ԼûйϵҵһжҲܿذվȴš
ڿڵİ칫ڣȻȡ˵绰ͼĸ˴һ绰µ绰֮ϣ׼ԼȻ¶΢Ц
𾴵Ҽҽһ£ҾӶŵųꡣѾϿҵĿս顣ڽսĶӺɱӶŵԣҪᡣ
ĺӱϣԼøһЩϵЦҲʢ
Ѿɱһڵİ˰ٶߣڽĲƲȫչΣȻһٶȽ⴦ȥȵϿ¼ʱѾȥˡУӶɱҰ˰ٶߵĳҲ¼ˣᷢսһҪú͡
顭
һȭǰĵԺ飬ڷϵұģû뵽ӶŻɨǣӵеһ󳡣ʮȫɨ̵ʱȫ۸ͼҡ
ͼûв룬ֻչӶŴʲΪÿһս涼ᱻ¼Ȼսϣǿȷʵûͼ߲롣
Ȼͼûв룬ÿζٶȽӶŴʲչͱӶźͼһĳЭ飬򲻻ôͳ躺ͷۣһʧȥľԶʧȥˣûʵͼٰʲ
ؿھҵţһӶСϣȻҸԭΪӶҲǻȡһᰵɱԼĶַʽڼ׼ȥ
ǣȫû뵽˱ֶǡ
躵ƽΪһ֪֮οԼǸֳһ˿Ц
ҪңĿ档һССֻܹҴһûпǣǼһ˰ˡ
躵𣺡Ӷʲôط
ֻ֪ǵ鵽ǽ뵽գ֮ѰҲǵټ˵
ɷϵǴݣҪŽӽĳĵһʱ֪ͨҡ
Ҫʽ𡭡
򣡡
ǣ
ããǼʡ
ڿٵشһж˾ס
ǣȷʵһƬȵգջ񡣳ָͼһ󳡣ҹʮ̣óӵʮƷϾʯֻĿѾӶŷһʺơдһ󳡣ʮ̴ٵĸֲƷʯƺ˹ҲֵƷϾʯһЩϻõĴԪռڵĲȻҲﵽǧƷϾʯ
ȡǧƷϾʯŸӶŵߣȻջҩȡһЩַһߣȻЦ˵Ժÿ߶һ߷ҩһżƷϾʯˡ
е߶ĴЦ
˻֣ܾ
ҪʵֻԽǿǲܹ˳ظҲܹ˳ӶԴԡ
˫İƣҶȥɣ

ҶЦǺǵػصһλȥˣ꽫еļƷϾʯһȻֽԴһҩһЩԴѰһ֮ûг۸ͼңΪҪչشۣȻô񣬵ǳҲ׼׼ԼۡЩҩͲ׼ˣӶôҲҪҩҽһص򣬵ҲҪҩⶼǼҵףҪܡ
ָңָڰڷһ̣עһٶʮ˿֣ӵвҵһٶʮ˿ֻеһѾ˲棬ǿѾɨǡվǸ̵ĸǰ¶һ˿Ц⣬ָָһָתָǡ
žһָתͷ˵죬ʻǡ
ǣϴ󣡡
Ӧһ漴㷢ָʻǡ
ڼžǿзɿشУҲصԼķ俪ʼҪľٴνʮѨǳӣȻ󲻶ϵ׳׼һͻơ
ǺսһƬžǴʱɷϵȴԲƽһƬȣĴӶš
ɷϵвûսϹսͨʵʵսʵضԾɷϵ˶ӶŶǳȤһСӶžȻһƶ忪սһƫƫɨһҵÿֵ˴񫡣
е˶ڲ²ӶŻ᲻ȥһλᱨǿ򡣽ΣӶżɹǱ
ҲڽŵصȴϢֻҪ֪ӶȥǿаսӶ
ĬĬԼڵʮѨϣѨڵԪֿʼ۳һССǳӣһسڵľȫȶ


1104
ͨѯʵ죬жõǣ
ĸСʱСʱһͣǰͻ̽ķΧ֮ڡ
ã
֮
ӶͻȻкɨǵȻʧǿ֮С
ڵԵĸǰǵԵĻֳ޵ĳףʿ΢Цƽ΢Ե峤һǳԾֺɨһҵɣóԾԺǻɨһвҵֻһʼԾϰ˾ͲԾˡֻһӶţûҼҴҵ󣬵ȻҲûʲô̶ʲҲҵǵټʧܵľһܼҵĶӣǰܼҵĶܼҵɱӶŵˣΪḶۡ
ʼЩǿθˣǵĿɱ㡣Ҹ𡣡
顭
̲סٴ˵ԣžҵšһ֮ƽ
ɷϵӵߣΪʲôûгǺսϢǹǮɻ𣿡
ʹˣûзκŵټ
ûз֣ǰ׳Է𣿡
ϸֳһ׼ǺսҪȥͼҡ
磬ȥͼҸʲôüͷͼܹٵشӳǵļҵһͳйᡣ
Ϊйȥͼҡ
۾һҪͼõ٣
ֻͼһ֪٣ǲ֪ǳ֪ͨǽղҵʱҲֻ֪ҪͼҿҺӶŲѡ
ǡЩȷ˵ȹͼһͼһǺ𣿡
棡ĿƵ̨򱬵ĵԵһУֻҪǸ㹻棬һж⡣
ǡΪһССӶŸ޴𣿡
ʣ躷·ʮ꣺˵ĲǲӦһ˹޼ҵȴмҵǿʱܣȴܲˡ
Ƕǳðžж˲֪Щ˶ʲôʵҲ֪ȻҹһЩһ𵱹ūʹǵʱ뿪ˣ֪ǳӶŵ飬֪ж˺Ͷǿʵ
˵ǳصʵһֱûмҴ¼ϿǳӶſҲȫ棬ȫжˣʲôʵҪ֪ϵǿҲ漶ԷǸҪʹȫͨ¼޷жǵʵ
ڰȫڲľ档ǾȳһȥǼϵĲҵĻᱻһһɵԺͼҺΨһĳ·
֮ǰֵһᣡ
һ
躵ǺսԽ˿ռڵ˴ǣǰͼҡ
ڵغǣ׼ɨغҵĲҵ
ͼ¾İ칫ڣ躺ͼ¾ԶϰŲߣ֮պܺг
غһӶͻȻ֣ʼߵɱܻ𱬡
ͼ峤ǴųģԸóԴȡͼҵĺŶͼš
ϴܹߵĶˣʲôʱ뿪˷ܵشԶ
żһ߰Ūһ˵ͼ֮Ǿ뿪ȥϴҵһҵ
ͼ¾˫ַǰ˵ҪͼҺʲô
ҪӶŵټͼܹӶţԸٳʮĲҵ
ϴͼҵôûЩſʵ
ξԶһЩӦÿ쵽ˣ
ͼ¾칫ڣ躻䣬ŵͼ¾žͼ¾ʮĲҵҲĶͼҪĲǺֽһССӶšֺ˾ܹô飬ͼô᲻ͼ¾ɵӡ
ǡ
漴ϾͳȻΪ˶ͼ¾ҡҡͷ
ϴͼҵˣ
վ΢Цӭͼˡ
Ϊʲô躲ĵʵѵΪȹͼŵ
ͼ¾ֻǵŶ躣μȲҡͷҲͷɫԥһ£һҧʮĲҵΣ
غǣͼҵ̸Цһ󳡷ȥ
ͼ¾Ŀû˿仯ȴҡҡͷ
ͼ峤Ҹɡ


1105
ͼ¾ڵͼҲҪκɣֻҪͼ
ɫһͣһҧʮĲҵȡӶŵϢֻһϢ
ͼ¾̾Ϣһ峤㻹ûסҶʮҲûгҵĶࡣֻҪܹϵǰҲҵͼҾͿںա벻Ļһٿû⡣
躵ʮָ߬һҧôӶţ
ҿǣͼ¾΢΢һüͷӵǸʵڸ߲һЩ漶Ҫ֪ӶġֻҪǲ׽Ӷŵ٣ͲܼԸӶţôڸϵ߾עڱĽ
йĿ¶󣺡Ĳܹ
ͼ¾ҡҡͷ
ֻṩӶŵټ躵͸¶
ͼ¾ҡͷ
ǡ֪Ӷŵʵ
ͼ¾̾һ峤ǵһõˡ㻹ذɣ
ããǼУǺսڴСмһǺս֮ϣһֱǣʹԼƽɫȻǺսҴҵ˳ŸۿӶ
磬غǱɨˣ
ʲô
΢ʧ񣬵Ǻָܿ˹侲˵سǡ
躵İ칫ڡ
ɫнվ躣˵ǰˮӶŷͻ˵֪˵ѵĺ
ҡŸϵۿ븸һ𷵻ǣһûпǣסҵ·Ҿ֡ɱˡ
һƽһע⵽ǵʵ𣿡
ûηؿһ躵ֻ֪гأɱˡ
躳Ĭȥǳͷۣ׻˵ŵĲ´ЬġᵽһҲӶŵټǺӶžôǵ̽飬ôһǺսôǼⲻ
ڶ֪Ӷŵʵ
һٹأʵ壬ȫ˽Ķֽ֡
Ҫǵʵҵǵ١
Ѽɳȥÿפһ
磬ǻʧġ
ʧûʲô߼ЩҪȥפΪ˵ֿ꣬ΪɱҪǵһʱ佫ӶŵʵҴͻһһصľҲܹڼ֮ŪӶŵʵȻһ֮ڽЩݸҴͻ
ǣ
ãã档¼ţδ롣
һǺսڹ¶شţֻʻĺкܶ߻ϥŵ棬վ棬һǿգڶ֮С
ЩʿǴڸײͻٽ㣬ǵԪѾ㹻ֻľڳĽ£߳ǺսǺս֮С
һӰ·Ǻսһɲ֣һ
޾աȴǳĲɣʷӡųԴ֮ÿ߶ڷԼ
ڻеǺսܻһЩڷУ̰УѾ޾з˾ˣͬǿһ㡣
ֻǿԶȵǿո䣬ʷӡӾԶ
͵ϵʷҪ𣬵ٻٵظ֮ŻԽԽ߼ϵӵеŻԽԽߵȡ
͵ҲƷ򣬿ƬϵƷжߣʷӡжƾá
һڿзУǸоԼﵽٽ֮ʱͻǺսĶϥԡǿ֮УԼľ硣
ֺصʷӡд½õ˼𺳣رٽͻƵ̰ǽļصʷӡϵسˢϴһϴȥǦƼĸо
˵μͬʱǿлǺս֮ϣϥϵϢʼ
ΧûȥעЩѾ˺ܶΡһԼ֮С
û뿪ǺսҪĲľΪǽڵʮѨڵǳӲϵ׳ЩѾѨǿССǳ̶СɢϢǿ
ǺսĲŴ򿪣ƺ˷ܵش˽˴ʱ϶ɢ߼Ϣµǿõͻơ
ڸտʼֹͣҵж֮ʱǻЩ⡣ʽʱǵлŻɣû뵽µоȻͻˡ
ңͻƵ˲ֹÿ߶в̶ͬȵͻơʵҲǳ귢ЩڵΪڿūʱȻ̫ʮҲѻĵֻ̣Ҫһһܹʹͻơԣͣҵжμ
ȻҲ֪ͻƾһλ۵ıԺҪ屬ʽͻǲˣҪٴλۡ
ϴأ˽뵽ս֮ڣһʵ

ƺ˵б¶֮ɫϴ󲻽ָܹԼҲڷܡϴǰһԻ͡
䡭
䡭
Ǻս֮ϣ̰ϱǿϢͻƵһء
ǹ˸ǻ׵ǿУǺսطš
ǺսΧԽԽ٣֮Ǻս֮ϵҲԽԽ٣һºҲûһߡ
Ǻսڡ
ЦеڻУʱʮѨڵǳѾ˻ƶСΧŵƺʵҵľ綼ȶ𣿡
ţƺ˶˷ܵĵͷ
ӶŵʵΣɫҲ͸¶˷ܡ
Ӷܹǧ˰ٶʮˡһһˣϴ㡣ŸʮûصصģһصʮµĶ漶ߣʵҲļ
ͷ⡣ܹȥҲ弶ȥԵǸץȥūҲ弶˻Ƚ٣ܶ඼ϡ־Ϊūһʱ䣬еͻҲʣµ弶ԭͲˣ֧Ӷŵʵǲͣٵõͻƣʵһ̨ס
֧Ӷе漶֮У󲿷ֶ߼ϵߣֻд½߲ļߡΪд½ڱľϵץ֮ʱһߡǼУּϵūʱǲҪڿӵʵ


1106
Ӷӵһʮһǧ߰ʮ漶Щ漶߾󲿷ֶ߼ϡʵѾӶˡֻǵĲƸܹͶӶȣǵȵǽȫ֮ʵǲƸӶš
ǾͼɨҰɣüëһ
ǺڴƺҲ־
ĴЦ
ǡ
ǡ
ҡ
ڴ칫ϣɫȻƽ˫Ŀ֮ȴ̲űŭҵĿɨʵ˭ܹңӶž
硭ǲֲǸ֮ǰѾָ˹
˻̲ס˳Ӷֲˣֻǧǧշĵ
ǡ硭
ƣذڰֵÿ˿иҪǼʹǸҲҪӶŵʵҴͻ
ǡ
ͼҡ
ͼ¾İ칫ڡ
ͼ¾а¶һ˿Цݣ˼СӾڸʲô
ǡ
һھƵ귿ڣ΢΢üͷѾһˣõϢҼе˳ÿ϶פһϾһһء
ʵǸ㲻Ūһһʲôã
ѵ躲֪Ӷһֹһأ֪ԼѾˣӦ֪ԼذɣⲢѴŪһһ

һı
ʵ϶ЩıƲóԺǿ˵ǷǳǿǶıԷ滹ǲС
һ㽫ƺ˴תƵ˷
ϴ׼жˣһͶų˵ܣɫһͣģ
£˵
֮󣬳꽫Լ˽˵һ顣ҲһͷˮƸ˵ϴҴɱɱУҲС
Ѱ˼һ±ȻЩҲûбߣƽʱлִ֣ͼܹԼһ¡
Ȼһ˾ŴŴȻʵУǾŸǹд½ǹĶǵڼһ̰ת˳Ȼ˵һ顣
ǳոջ䣬̰΢Ц˵ͼ򵥣ҪǵʵӶŵ͸˵ʵֻ˽ǣǲܹǲȡԵж
΢Ѱ˼һ£۾һһĴֵô¡̰ǣкͼƲߣ
̰΢΢Ŀ˼Լһӵʱ̧̰֮ϴҪʵԻңǸں¶ʵ
°͵ܹһ£Ȼá
Ǽ򵥣βسôˡǵĸҵҵûжߣûнǵ߼һǳһǧ˾ͿˡҲֻҪʮһؾСϴȰǸɵЩ˻׸˽ϢͳȥҲǵʵ
ãô졣
ҹ
ǵľƵ꣬Ƶꡣ
1125䡣
ıòס˽ѾλһؾҾƵڵ2235ڡ
ʵľ˳ȥܿҵǸһأʱǸΪʧȥӶŵϢͷ˾裬ʱڴϺŮӷŴصĺ
תƳһأȥŷҽҿҪֳ
ǣ
һĵ뿪˷䣬Ҳ뿪˷䣬ûгݣǴӲѸٵطɵ˶ʮ¥ȻѸٵվ2235ſڣӷ͸룬ڿ۳룬ݺݵش̽˴˵ԺУھ˶һ̱ڴϡ
˲䷺˽ɫ˷ţ潫Ŵ򿪣˽ȥȡõһ㿳˵ԴȻǸһصĴԪռȡ˳ŷɨ裬ûзͷ֮ŴڲͣתƳһ漶ߣֻתƳٸˣΪľѾ̽鵽ֻʮߡ
ٸ漶Ѹٵ߳˷ţʧ֮ڡɳϣԼһˮصȴš


1107
Ƶûд˿Լȥ˰Сʱһ߱ƿ˷˽
ϴ󣬶ˡ
ϴ󣬼¼Ѿˡ
ͷ㽫һͽ硣뿪2235䣬˴÷̨ʱڴ÷̨ǸѾ֪Ӷŵ˸Ūȥˡȡ绰ͨڵͼҸˡ
¡
ӶźɨڵĶʮ˿ɷϵ󻩣׷̸Ӷţ²ǾʲôʵȻܹһûлֵء
顭
躽豭ݺݵˤ˵ϣ££ʧʮһأһأأأأأʧ˶ʮ˸ĲƲȴûиҵõӶŵϢҵǴ𣿡
ҲɫҲȫû뵽˶ʮ˸лأȻûӶŵĵϸѵ
ͻȻһ磬ǲӶѾʶҪǵϸļƻԭͻϮĳ˰ɱ
šüͷ˼һЩɥϡʱҲˣӶʶļƻͻϮĳɰɱĻɳȥЩʧܵĿԷǳ󣬳Щϵ
ҲΪ̨ӶʵǿҲҲϵߣⷽҲǿǳץȥūԭͲ࣬Щ˶ûмӶţΪЩҲб֮ˡ
ͻȻڵе룬ʮϵ֮ϣȻų尵̾ڼҵԱ߼ӣһҪҵӶŵ٣ͬʱĽӶɳȥϵγһ磬Ǽʣһţ̸٣Ȼ󼯺ϼнǰΧɱ
ããǼʡ
ڿٵʻšԼķڣֳһ˿Цݡдʱһ飬ǸոմһصԺеõġ
飬ɷϵҲδܹӵһҵĵλ͡˿еĽ飬һ
ʮеһŽ飬۵ĻֵܹƷϾʯҲ˵ӵʮ飬ܹһսǱ
굱ȻûдۣҲûоǷ顣ҪҲڣõŽʱû֪ʱǾͻᱻ֪Ž׼Լ˽вƲӶŵˡ
۲һԼʮѨڵǳѾȵСһϲʳǳҩʼ
Ҫǰǽǡڵʮϵ֮һ⵽ǳǰǣ̵ʱָָ֮ҲӶŵĹɣΪӶŸûйɣǳ겦ָָ̣ǿ򣬾ȥǿ
Ȼ䣬ڵڴϴǱˣ
üëһչۣӳ˷ţܿͳָС
ô£
ϴ㿴ָһĻǺս𣿡
ţ
ǺսڸǣҷѾһӵʱˡ
ôٵǵģ
֪²˵ҲǸղ·ǿʱͶǿ֮ϣһֱڼǿգǣȻͿʼ١
а취𣿡
ûУ̫Զڵͷͻ뿪Ҳδܹ׷
ǡ
ڡ
˷ܵضŴĻ
ƺѾţʱڸ١Ǹ˷ܡЩӵľڵһٵš
ǵǡ
洫ǼкеĻ档
ţضŻϵţеĽӸƺŵָۣһҪӶȫɵ
ǣ
һָ˳ȥٶǺսʼ˷Ŵж
ϣһֱضŴĻͻţĻϵڱһٶȺţ·֪Ѿˡ
ŵָСʱѾۼӶŵĸ߲㡣
꣡ӶҲֱֻ֣ʱǺսѾǵ괫͸ˡò˶ãҵĽӾͻΧ


1108
ɫЩڴĻһ㣬һǼͼȻһڵΧָһ죬ǿȻΧĹתƵı֮ʱǵǺսӦǰɣ
ҪʮǿСʱ䲻᳤
һɣ
ǣ
ǺãжɡȵܿԷٵһ˲ҳȥսսҵĽ硣ȻǿѰһɵǺս
뿪˻ң˲Ÿǰȴš
ǡ
躵üͷͻȻͨĻһ򸩳ȥ
磬ƺűǷˡ
ͷĿ¶Σǿ֮ϣս۵ǿ޴ӴܡҲ޴ӴܡǿĳطֻҪһգͻᱻ̷֡
ǡǿŷУƵôһ˲ǻʧȥ
ɫһ䣬̵ƺţ
ڣ
ҪСŽеһߣ׷ٵʱŶʱʧȥҪСǵƹȥʱ㷢
ף
֮ǰס
ף
ڡ
ϴ󣬶ԷˡҪҪ뷢룬
ԭƻ
ף
źܿ͸嵽Ǹı㣬Ȼǿı㼱ٷУʧһߡ
ƺŽǷһ˿Цɵطָս״̬Ժ̷
ף
ʧˣ
٣׼ƺŽһӣ¶һ˿źͲһ׷
ǡ
ضŴĻ
ʧˣǱߵ𣿡
ĻϵĻǿĽڷٵǰһߡ
ʲô𾪵ŴĻϵĻ棬ûţʧˡ
̽飡ƺŽɫһ֮´ʱôҲôͻȻʧˣ
ӦĽ
ԲӦð
ʱȫþ״ɨ裬Ѿ䵽ǿ֮ϣվһʯ֮գ˶ƺҰʧ
ಡ
νŵرǰȥ·׷ſеƺţƺŽؿŵرһ߷һɨرɵúһɨ·رһ̽ǿաȫſֵܳĵط
ಡ
νŵرƺţȻһɽͣһ㽫ŷ˳
ó귢ָɽϷաΪ֪ȻŷǼƺŷеĹ켣һɽϷ߿зɹ
Ȼʱȥ˲һӵʱ䣬Ϸƺŵľ޴Ρ
䡭
ŻȫʮᴩգƺŵĽ֮ϡ
䡭
޴ſȥͬʱڿбըƺšƺŲϵرըţѾ˼ڣ·׹š
ಡ
ʮСͽͧ˳ɢӣһЩûСͽͧҲĴӡЩûȥôһǺսǰߣ
䡭
ŵĽڿн֯һеСͽͧȫ顣
ǡ
ǰĴĻһڣȫʧȥѶϢкεرŭΧļҾ߶Ȼ顣
ýٶȰΧȥһҪӶ
֪һΧɱӶõĻᣬܹ׽Ӷŵټסʧȥλᣬ֪ԺҪжʧܹٴεõᡣ
ſзȥ뵽ָңҶų껶šڰ֮λǽҪһδļƻڵӦѾ¶˳ȥԶݣǺսһ
겻ЩͷۣЩʵıԷ滹Ҫ࣬㽫Ŀ̰˼˵꣬ԶݣΣǾ֮󣬿һɳǺսκ⣬ڲҵϿѲأǽļƻɺܴ鷳˺ܶǱֵĻᡣ
겻ͬصͷҲ׷׵ͷͬԼĻֿڵҪǿһսȻ֪ҾжǺսҲмңֻһҡ
˶˳Ĭ˵˼ףԶݣδ鷳ҽսȴ£һĿ˳ꡣ
ڰֵȲҪǷܹǿһսֻ˵Ӧѡ·
սеͬʱڡ
һ¿ԣ굱İ塣
ҪһսĻ̰ڵûʯ֮
̻ĻܹΧʯһѾܹʯʯһƬɷϵΪʯ򣬷Χܹ㣬鲼Сʯ
̰ͷλһʯǺսȫԽʯݻ١սλþǴʯ򣬾ǺսҲܽݻ٣ΣգͬΣաϴҪ
ûʲôÿǵģǾȥʯ򡣡
ã
ûκηԡЩΪӶľӶʱԵһȺˡ
ת򣬽ٶȣʯ򣡡ɿ´
ǣϴ󣡡
Ÿı˺ʯȥŷɵò죬ڵȴҵǺս
ϴǺսͬʱĻϳǺսҴʱǺսҲţʻ
٣ȫ٣ʼʯСɿ´
ף
ȫʻҪ֪ſһͼȽһǺսһȫʻ㽥غǺս˾롣
ǡ
磬ţ
˫ĿȻһ˴ĻĻŷȥͼ
ǽȥټǺսһܹˡ
ǣ
ããǼʣǺսԽԽ࣬ʮңһٶҡ
ǡͻȻվҵΧͼ
ǣ
ܿ죬ĻϾͳͼźҵǺսͼϱһ㣬躿ŴŵǸ㺽еķĿͻȻһ
ǵĿʯ򣡡


1109
ξΪ޳Ҳֳһ˿ֻ̾һǺսȻ¾ĺǺսչǼʴս
꾿ǴðģȻ˵ǣʵʵ¾ʯΪ˿ȡʤϣһ˿ҲûС
ʱҲͼϲɱɫ
磬Ҫüսʯ򣿡
ǣ
ӶţǵʧҲܴ󡣡
βʧԺʧӶŲǻرǱƵѾɨʮĲƲǿһ£ǲǽҪԵľ棿
ɫѿ˫ĿŴĻϵţ͸¶޾ɱ⡣
һҪ
վھ޴սǰǰ飬ûйɵʯɫʮء
죬ˣǿž޴ʯ𣿡
ˡ
㵽ĺ档𣿡
û⣬ǿʯҲ幫ԶʯΧС
ãʼɣٶƿغãǲҪǺս̷Χ
ף
ͬһһʻʯ򣬲ϵظıŷ򣬶Žϴʯʵڶ㲻ı㲻ܹ飬Ҳܹı켣ܹȥ̫СʯǺսҲںײϣҲ˺š
ҵĽ׷ʯʱѾʧһ޴ʯ֮󣬳꽫Ǻսһʯ϶дУɿԶȥһʱ䡣
ҵĽͣʯ棬ɵǸ޴ʯ˹Ǻսһ𷢳һϴʯҲݻٳС飬ֻǺȻʧˡ
ǲΪʲôˣôһΪʲô˵ûоûˡ벻ףһֱվڴĻǰҲףšüͷ˼š
ҵǺսɢʼСʯڽ롣һСضһʯһܲ鿴ŵ䡣
ʱھǲԶһ鲻Сʯһڣ棬þԼȫ
ҵսγһδӳصǿʯԾСʻֹȥ˴Լһ֮󣬳Ӷĵĳʯ֮ȥ
û֪뿪ˣҽӽеľɨǰ࣬û˹עǵĺ󷽡Լɨ֮£©֮οôһһ
ܿʹʯгȻŷ˳
ô뻹̷Χ֮𣿡
ڣ
Ǿͺãɡһٴ͡Це˵
ϧЩǺսź
䡭
ŷ˹ȫûзһǺսŵڻ֮˲䱬ըˣըʯڵǿ𶯣ƶʯıй켣¡¡ײû׼Ǻս֮ϣǺսıըȻ⼸Ǻսıըƶ˸ʯı˹켣ʯȫһ
ʯ֮Ա֮ΪΪЩʯ֮вɵػһ籩ַ籩ʹʯбûҶûйɣɱըĻҸأҵĽһӾʹڼΣ֮С
ʱʯ֮⣬һǺս˹žͬһߣսȴ
Щʱûл֮ǵľ˶ܱҵʯ˵ţ
ŵĹضûУΨһܹľǾ뿪뿪ҵʯ
Ҫľ治ͣعǺսʯĻҡ
ʱʯѾһƬĴǺֱײʯһǺսըǺսʯײٵԶԶس˳Ǵݻٵó˵ϹŴñսʲôӪʲôˮ߾ԺٵıлȴܹӴĵɱ
վڴĻǰؿһУ׳ΪʲôͻȻʯ档Ȼ䣬һ뵽һֿܣֿܾǳһܴĽռ䡣
㹻װһš
ǡ
ôܣ
ʲôݣһūˣһû˿ūôӵôһռ䣿
Ҫٽռںϵһ
峤ûôһռ䡣Ȼӵенռ䶼ΪУȻںϣҲӵôһռ䡣
û˻ôɡ
ҪôһռкãܹʲôֲҩֲׯͱһũҲȥֲոģ
躿Ǿڸɴ¡ռ䲻Ҫ󣬹þˣҲķϡ
ǡ
֪ӵСѵõǶԳĹĴͲҪ˿ľҪ֪ԭֲֲһЩͨڳ꿴ʮѵ飬粥֣ոȵȣСǲǾ֮ͣ˲ɡ
ǲһ޴Ľռ䣿ЩƲ
ƲҵǺӽѾĹؿ

սǽӡӵĹؿǺսѾըٶңֻһٶײ
ǴʱҲ״Ƕܲ˵ˡǵļʻԱ㣬ΧȫҵģֱײģʯҲû˿İ취Ǵʱܹľֱײٶײܹײͻײ
躿ŴĻϵսڵѪⳡǼʴս֮ҵʵѸٵĵ䣬ʧȥǺӽӣǻʣѾˡˣҲǶе׵ĴˡĿضŴĻʧˣֻʣһͷ
ˣ
ʱֻһǰǺսӻǳٶȣͬʱʯңֻһСʱʱ䣬ҽʧˣһƬкʯƮ
顭
һȭѾʧȥĴĻ飬м֣꣡
Ӯˣ
һƬڣҲ΢Цվָ̨ǰ滹ȼյҽӣһǰǣ
ǡ
躵İ칫ͬһһҲ躴ʱվм䣬ΧոձԼŭƺƵһУһǿԼıŭѹȥһ԰׵վʱǵȫʧû뵽պյҽӾôûˡ
硭֣Լɤ۷ɣ֪˵ʲô


1110
Ӧһ޴Ľռ䣡
ʱ躵ȷûа취;޴ΪʲôͻȻʧûа취Ϊʲôһֱ׽Ӷš
ǡô죿
Ȼо躵˵ʵţϸҲֻɲܹ͵ͨ
躵ϸֳһ˿ʹ࣬ЩɥҡҡͷѰ졣ڳԸĻԸã˽Ӷ֮ĳԹֻǴʱѾˣһжˡ
硭
躰˰ֵһûô
һڶٿϻвҵ
оʮ˿ţ
ȥʮϵʮϵĲҵʣµİʮϵļ帺̽еĲҵۡ
ʱۣ𾪵˵ǻᱻѹѹʮ뿪ܹ۵ԭɼ۸Ūֻܹ۵ԭ۸ɡ
ɾɡûסЩҵǰۣҲᱻӶһһʳǸʱһɶòֻҪܹӶʧȥĲҵ׬ҵ̳ۣȻеļʿֱʮǻۣǵҵҪӶŸҲȥʮǺһս
ǡ
Ի;Ƶꡣ
802ڡ
꣬ƣˣ̰Ǻɫڷ
û뵽躾Ȼ˹ϣȻʮĲҵ㶼ۣ⡭ǵǮ𣿡
Ʒ߷ߵ˵ͰҵĲҵԼġΪʹһԵ΢΢üͷ˵ƣʧȥһЩƲҲûʲôԭҸ𣬲ƲǷΡֻҽʮʵԺ󲻺
ǰҲ̾ϢһһһٸһٸֲʮϡŽ֮ӵһأأмһµģܹʮһһŽ漶һµߡҪϵףһܹٵؽʮһ߸ǾʹΣ֮С
ѵǾʹ˰֣üͷ˵
Ȼܹ֣̰˵Ǿʹ˰֣ҴϢʱ䣬Ӷɷϵͻ粽СɷϵӦڽӶšдӶĲƸǲɵ㣬һǸľģǸоһǣǾͻǲݡʱˣͻһҲ˵ĸоԺǿ¾ͻᴦսΧ֮СһûץסǵټǲܹһֱҪɷϵǾͱ뽫ҳֻܹ
ǡǻҪɣƺ˵۾
ȻҪɣһӷֵҲʵˣʹһоʮһ֮ϵֻ߲ʮһǸغؽңµǣǾһαؿ
αؿĸĿ˸
֮ϣҵĲƲࡣϾǣļҡνֻһ󳡣һۺ̳һҾ¥߾ǸأȫڳһӲս̬еҰ˳ɵ󳡣ֻɵߣһʵµһۺ̳һҾ¥ǰڳԼս̬Ǿͺһս
ϴ̽ˣ
ţͷҲþ̽ѾͼϵĸȡϵǸҷǳϸϣд
Ǿͺã̰ϵɫҲ
һͼĸϵһۺ̳һҾ¥µĶһЩʵµߣʵǿĲءǸͶʵֻҪɳĸһأһ߾ͿԽ׶˵Ȼ̾ͳ۸ͼңһͼҸͬʱɳ֧Žաµ˴׵ſ󳡽ͺǹһսսƺ졣
ϴأ
ңĿ¶һ˿ж֮ǰǻǰжǲ֪ǵʵ֪һʣ躵Ϊһɣܹǵ֮ǰǸغذɱǽǡ


1111
ãôɣϴ׼ʲôʱж
ЦһԻ;¥ҵĲҵҾס㹻һһһٸ漶߸ʦպǾͻȻ֣Ȼͼҽ֮ǰҿ󳡡һһ뿪ֱҵۺ̳һһغһٸߣҹǱһ֧飬ʱͬʱ֡
ʵ
ܼ򵥣Ǳһ㡣¶һ˿֮ɫûǺսСھ󳡲ԶһƬһὫǺսǰǱںȵʱһǾͼʻǺսǰ󳡣ȻݺݵغǡȻڳնɱЩɵ˵ˡ
ãô죡
ϸһһСʱ뿪˻Ի;¥
պ
վڴϵһͱϣȻһ˺ں꽫Ǻսȡ˳Ȼûн뵽սֱź渡ǺսȴǱͣ˺һ
ҿ󳡡
ʱνɭϣ֮ھȻʮһǧ漶һµߡ鲼˸䣬͵Ӷŵĵ
ʱԶɽϵһôϣüͷšһ֣ʵľѾɨǸ󳡺ܶ飬ĺҵһǱȥĻᡣ
ʱȻѾҵǸغأû뵽ɷ֮ѻǸغءԭ׼İɷ֮ǶԸ躵ģҲҪԸһʣһһˣӶӵоѻǹй¶ȥԺþʹۿˡ
ôȥأ
۾ͻȻһֻӿ߳ʮˣֳ˼СӿʼſΧѲߣһǹġ
һֱȫչżʮˣ⼸СӷֳѲߣÿСˡǾԽԽԶܹоЩڸճʱҲþ̽һȻջ˾ֻһһĴ̫ز鿴šϾʱͷžҲһСģرĿĵǲġЩڸղųʱѾþ̽һûʲô֣ҲӦ°ˡ
һ־ԼЩ˵ľȻɨ費ʱһֱŵعעżСӣϣܹиȥ
Ȼ䣬ĿһһһСеһ뿪Сӣһȥʣȥȥˡ
ʱ򣬳껹ʲô
ʵʵֻ˲ϢǱǸ֣ʱеǸ߸ոս⿪˿㱻һʺȻذתһۣʱǸʺڻָѾ漶ߣֻʺǸˣֻܹˡֻҪʱָܹ
ǳôָܸʱ䣬ʺòǰҲһӵʱ䣬Ȼ㷭һϣűȥȻûƣȴѾ顣
ܿ콫·ԼϣǹıһĺòǸȥһģһȻǸս˴Ԫռ䣬ȥ
·ôôãһ߳ų꺰
겻˼ЦЦӣʾԼӲҲΪ⣬ߣΪ漶ҲŲұмѲߣĬĬҲΪ岻Ҳû˺˵ֻżȻһۡ
һСʱ˻ص˿󳡣һ뵽󳡣ұɢˡ껹ǲ֪ԼסǸؾסĵط˹ȥ
ʱѾʮ˽⣬֪Ǹؿܸо꼴ʹˣҲôɱӶһ־ͻᱻԼڰڷ֣СԺֻһ˾סֻڴһһ
ʱǸϥǸվڴſڣȻ裬Ҳûģʵʵվڡ
һϲľһֱţŷǸغͷǸ漶أ֪ûͷžʵǳ̫һûµ£ôһֱͷž
ǣʱǸվڵ漶ȴվֱӣĿ⵹Ǿ裬Щɵ˳꣬а·ʲô


1112
һ۳һ룬һҪҪ
ֻҪһԼʲôؾһӳһжðˡ
ǸҲ¾صֻĿʾ꣬ʲô
ôһ˲ʱ䣬ѾֻʮˡΧûиڣ㲻ԥݺݵʶα˲ǰһְֱԴϣһסͣڵԪĳԺ㽫ս˴Ԫռڡ
һƮصķţһ۶ɣݺݵŷصü˽ȥȻѸٵƿţֽŹϣʱѾ˹ȥ
һ۳һֵܹģ
Ҳ֪ԷܿԶһ¶Էò㷴һϣȻ·Լϣٴθıò󽫶Էս˴Ԫռ䡣
Ȼڷھһֱڶ磬Ҳûӽʱʱ֣һ·߳˷ţеһطȥû뵽ȥЩһйҿڣֻҪһڣͻ˸оԡֻܹǰ
ߵǸصķǰվǸվڵ߸Ҫڣڰ֣Ǹֱ߱ͣ˽ȥֹţǸؼ꣬˹ȥ
һӷ˳󽫷ŹϣȥǸվЩʲôΪʲôôһ뿪
ȴҲʣֻʵʵ
ֻ˲һСʱʱ䣬Ⱥǰʮķ䣬뿪˿󳡵Ĵţû֪ȥʲôҲû˸ʡֻǳһȥҲûл

ƽĺͻȻӿһǺսӺȻҿ󳡷ȥҿ󳡾ʵ̫ˣǺսٶȣûеȵٶѾ˿󳡵Ͽա
Ǻӡսϵ߳Ծſռ䡣
䡭
Ǻսˣֻһֵĺ󳡾ʧˣһӡֻʣ²һٸ˺۵ܱӡǺսַһֺбҲһߣûõӶŵ˴ǺսڳֺֻͽһգһµǺսĹ£ûһ֮
ɽ֮۵ĳҡҡͷҲû뵽׵ؾͽǧɾɽ֮۷ǺսȥǺսĲŴ򿪣˽ȥƺ˵˶һδ֮ɫ
ϴ̫һɣ
ˣǾȴһۣȻ뿪ϸͼҴ绰
һСʱͼҵȵ󳡽֮űǺսݻٵĿҲĿЦ
ֹ˴ԼʮСʱңͬʱж·ӶŵҲصǺս֮ϣͼҵĸ˴һк֮Ǻսʻããա
Ǻսڡ
Ӷŵڿ񻶣ڴУһҲڿ񻶡ƶžƱߵ˳ԡ
ϴȥת𣿡
۾΢΢һеβˣȥǡ
ȥǣ
ھһе߶Ծųꡣ죬侲ʵǡֱӶҵǶ֣
ҡҡͷ¾һս֮һʶǰʮҲӶŵĶ֣躵Ĺϣϵطʣµʮһǣеǵǵȴǡһˣǵǿǰǿǵʵ޷ӲҪ֪һغһءֻҪʱ䣬Ҫ̡ǾԲ뵽뿪˽ֱ֮ǣҪﰵɱһʣͿ˭ˡ
⡭̫ðˣǿǺսȥǡ
ЦҡͷҵĴӪǷļܸߣǸҿǺսܵǵϿգһᱻҸȸɵһʣ˻̻̲գҵҲ뿪ǣȻǿʼϵҲƲ
ǡ
ǡ
һǺսڸۿڣǺսµܵ洵ûҳǼʿ˷ɴŴ򿪣ÿʹӲһ˳
ıò߳Ǽʿ˷ɴ뿪˸ۿڣһɳķȥ
á
ߵľƵ꣬ʱסߵһ㡣վڴǰȥߣ겻޼ɵͷžֻվĿ鿴ҡ
ʱҵĻڣѾŭ˼㣬յڽϵȫϢ
ʱŭѾƽԥǷеȫǣ˴ʱѾܹ϶һǣѾ˺ó׻ҵ˼
ֻһôˣҾܹӶȫɱʧȴǾ޴ĲƲȫʧ֪ҪŬŻָһδָܹҲΧЩһֱɵһ
ǡ
ȫЩͲƲҲᱻӶһһγʱȻûеõӶʵʵȴѾҿ϶Ӷһأֻû뵽ջˣӶûأȴһһء
á
Ŀ˻ߵſڽŴ򿪣ıò˽꽫Źϣ˽뵽£꽫Ŀ
꣬ҴˡƽʱڲȻڳ֣Ĵ֣ȴûʲôɣΨÿҶҪȥСȲ衣ûг֣Ѿյ˽ǵϢ
С
պ
СٴλãԶͬһˡֻǳĿ⿴ʵȴ͸֡
ѾˣÿʱλãͬеڴԼһ㡣
СڵķͶȥףĿ⡣
ֻȴ죬ȴûмһۣж͸¶һ˼һֱڽŵǷľ
˵ǻôʵ
꽫Ŀ˴֣֪ǲʲôǶѡ
Ҳֳһ˿ЦݣҴʱȷʵѡһ徹ȻһûʲôӶűƵϣҵ߶ʧȥ˰ȫС


1113
ӶȺٵʮĲҵȴû˵Ӷһëҵеҹر˺Ĵš
Ѿˣ
£ܿܲҪӶʲôжͻи̲ңϷǡ
ҵĵôаȫУ
óǽɱˣҿ¾ˡ
һ£һҵҵǱɱˣһʲôȫԣʱ򲻸ϽȥϷңѵӶŽռǣ߽ͼ
ֻҪһҾͷƮҡˣ
ˣ
վŴȥڹ̨һЩϾңͳȺ߳Сҡ
ӭ˹ȥûʲô䱸Լн䱸Ҳ̫ߣΪһһأҲҪ䱸ûܹ˲ϵߡ
ǣصͻȻ𹥻ô᣿
ԣߵʱҲûжٽ䱸ֻż顣Ǿһ˲䣬оһɱȻĿ㿴һֻȭͷź
ĿһܹоԷһȭֻصʵб㲻ӹһ˿
ӦӶŵİɣصʵɱңȻȭͷûзܹΣ
顭
һȭ˿ӭ˹ȥɫȻޱ䣬ȭͷͳȭͷ˲䣬ȴȻȭͷſһץסȭͷڼ䱬һء
̱˼㣬ȫעе˳ϣһ˳Ŀ£ͬʱսתͷһק
ǡ
һ̣ϵĺëͻȻоΣաȭͷرץסֻҲ˫Ƚؼס
顭
ĿӵֱͷʺǰءĿ˲ûɢȭͷûɿ֣˲ʧ֮Уź󷽵ȥȻˤڵϣ˫ĿţĿ
⡣
꼸ѸٵĻۣȻ󱻳ս磬ſѸٵؽŵȥ
յɱϢǴϣ֪ʱѲҲûˣӶŵѾ뿪ˡֻŭŭп־塭
´󻩡
ǣԼļſڱɱ
ѾһûϻȻʱҽĲҵѾۣռҲҵһ룬ҳЩҵϾҲǡ
һʲô
һأһһأӼʮһЩѾһˣѾӶɱûʿܶʼ׼̤ǣϷ⡣
ǡ
ûеȵǿʼϷ֣ĿϢٴδӶſʼĹˡǾͿǺսϺֱײҵɱöӣʵϼûӵõӶԼٶȴݻϵһҵ֮ǽҵܹߵĶߣ󽫲ҵ۸ͼҡ
ҾȻӶû˿취ΪҴʱûǺսʱ򣬲һϢսϴ˳ҵްǺս㶼Ӷʯ´󻩡
ûǺս׷ӶţصҲ׷ϡ׷Ҳȥ׷׷ΣǵӱǺս䣿
ҲֿܹǺսķ躴ʱҲȥˣеļǣȴӶšɨƽ֮ܵǱɣɱҸӶˣռΣ
ǡ
ӭľһսҿʼս廨ţȻһǺսǻۡӶҲʮֹȻǴǳˣƺǽеԴЩûٵ
ããǼʣһŷϣͣһɽ֮С
֮ڡ
һӶŵϵߡ
ϴΪʲôռҲͲȥѰʲôˡƲʵ
ռݲҡͷ˵һϵ߼ҵˣǲжˣռ֮ιǰ˶ɱˣɱ֮أ˭ΪǹҪ֪ҵ˲շһôˣӴԺͻ벻ϵرɱ֮Сֳ޽ġڶ棬ѾսˣʱҪԶʳ̻ӶսǺһսԣսǾ͵ɡˣҲǱˣǼþգǷһʺƣҲøǣѾﵽĿġǻǿܹжջɣ
˵Ŀⶼ৵һϣӶŵ鶼¶ЦݵҼһ£еջ񶼻ϾʯĻѾӵ˶ٶʮƷϾʯ
ߵ۾ȴһ̾ɶʱŹһսǱİ
ϴ󣡿쿴
ʱͻȻ˽Ŀ죬öẓ̇ȻڻڵĴĻϳսսֱǵʵ

˵϶ֳ˿ĵЦݡŴĻЦǲ򵥰ǹǿôȻûйʧ˲١
䡭
ʱ򣬴ĻϵһǺսҺ
˵Ҷ೤ʱܹ
ҰҰ̫ףû»߰깥ⳡսҲʧ١
Ҳ׬ˣҪ֪ǻûй¶ǵĲҵЩˣǲǣռϵЩҵѾ׬ܶˡ
ϴ󡭡
ʱҲˣɫҲ躾ȻսϷһϢҪӶսֻҪӶſϺƽһսͷֿǽνĹƽһսһ˴߳һսӶšֻҪӶŸҽսӮˣұǣ뿪ǡǰӢǡˣôҲӶɱ¾
ӢǸʲôطʵ
һʮֻҵɷϵʮЩ򶼴ںϵĽ紦֪ϵɷϵϵϵϵ֮ҲǼʴսʮʹ߽紦ʮֻңһЩ֮ͽ֮ء
ŶͷԴΣ


1114
ԴǲرǿӢҲһƷֻΪڽ֮ϵÿһĸϵҪпƣͻᱻһϵΪҪｨǵĻأ̻ᷢǼʴսһϵ֮ܵĿհ׵ش
°͵Ǹطǵǿȥһ¡
ϴ󣬿쿴
꽫Ŀ˴Ļʮս϶ϢǶ֧躵սвӶǲӭսʮӶս
꿴ˣкʮҵ뷨ҪٸϾΧҪµʱ䣬˵ǰꡣʱڲ˵٣ÿյҲһܹ֡ӶţΪʲôã
ڵ϶¶˷ŭ֮ɫһİҪ
ǻж𣿡

ڰ֣˵սϢʣȷҪӶս
ֹ̰ס죬˳ϴ󣬺ȺԣʵΪǡ
ûҪԣЦʵһͷ£ǺºʮҶԣĻɷϵǴ粽ˡǲֻ֪֪һȺūûй̶֮أ˵ˣǺһȺûʲôҲǹŵĲ´ЬġսǳǻΧǵʱ̿ʼϮǵĲҵȻ˫£Ǿе̸ҿԳսҪЩʵݡ
㡭Ҫսе˵躿ء
Цŵͷ֪Ҳһ۷壬ҺսһɷϵǷܹ֮ǰԽս
ڰֹסʦģҲȥġѾˣʱһȥ躾ĸѻִɷ֮ҾѻҲɵǴ򲻹躣ҲߡҪӣҲδܹסҡ
ǡ
ǲܹȥǺ躵ʵ̫⣬ʱӶûлᡣǾͳҡʱҾӣȻڻڻҽ뵽ţǸʱҪ뿪ֻܹɵۿš
̫Σգһ㶼ҡͷͬ⡣
ϴ󣬼Ȼ֪ЩҲºսǾͲǡ
ǲᣬò״ͻᵹͻӣȻԺڴ粽УҲܲڡҵʱһͨʮ̸Уʲ뿪ɣǾһС
˵ЦʵЩɣҪɾҪһսҺؾжࡣ
ͷŰȻս⣬ߴʱжܵս⣬һжԳ֮࣬Ҳиһӣ
죬Ϣȵ
ȴûзϢǽĿʱе˶ʮֵĳľϾ˵ʵ̫ҪˣˣӶҲɢˡֶ֪ԼȰס꣬˵ܹȰ˵Ҳֻ
ĿҲֳΣʦ
ʱԺлд½еĵεΣһӵ򴳹Сߣд½վ۷壬ƾʲô
ƾľǶ־ԽսԼǿֹ˳꣬᲻Ӱ֮ģ
껽Ŀ˳꣬ʵȷҪһս
ȷЦˡ
Ǻã֧㣡
ллʦ꿪ĵЦȻһۣϢ
ǣ
žûẓ̇ȻսϱӶΪһ仰ȷҪӶս
ԭǳֵսһӰʱЩӶžһȺһеūɵ֮ͽҲɱˣǾ蹷һؽҧҲţѾұȵ˼ĵزԼĺӶս˵᲻һӶŻ̵ͷǰǼиֶεĹ
һ뵽һбһƬ
ʱս֮˱仯仯ȴ躷ģֻ֣ˣ
ʮһ񣬶ڵӶŵĴ𸴡ǶųܹܲüӦս


1115
ȴû̴𸴣Ƕ˵ĸѻ֡ˣȥɣԵˮƽϴĲӣܹϡѻǱȥʱԼѡѻĵص㡣
ȻŶ˵Ϣ£ƾʲôʸҳ
ܿսϳ躵Ļƾصʸ񡣡
ʵĲѣ֪Һٳѣ
ս˭Ҳû뵽һڴǵͼңͼֱֵӣͼ¾Ҳݸ
껹ҪǮҪˣ
ڡ
ûȳӦΨһ·Լܹɱֻ꣬Ҫɱ꣬ԼļܹȻʧȥһУ˻žϣҿԴͷɱ˳꣬ɱӶţûˣǿӢ´һƬء
Ҫʲôս֮ϴ躵Ļ
˵Ŀⶼ˳꣬ҲҪ֪Ҫʲô
ƷϾʯ
仰ոմȥûжãս̾һƬβ˵ʮҼ˵
ܣ
ˣʲô
ԲУ
ԼǣҲͬ⡣
꣬ǲˣ

ͷų꣬ҲųꡣȻʧЦǣҪҳּ򵥵ػúôȴϷһЩ˵Ҫҳ͵øҺôǾԼȥ򡣡
֣
ѸٵطϢսϼžһȻϴһϢ
꣬Ҫ̫ˣǿԸʮƷϾʯ
ٿ꣬һʮ򡣡
ϴϢ֮󲻾ãһϢһ򡣡
ɽ
Ϣϴ֮Ǳ̻һϢʲôʱ
ܿսϳϢһڳжټټңͬʱսϷⳡעҪǰһƷϾʯ׼áڶҵ˶ʮļ£ˣ躴ߡҵĲƲǷ֣ӮˣʮҪնɱһ
սѾʮ˽⣬ֻҪսʱ˭ΥԼõɷ֮Ĵ
ܿ죬ڵʮսϷ躵ϳ裬ԼҵĲƲԼѾ˵˲㣬һȫΨһᣬֻнǻĳ޷˳ϡ
߰ɣǰǣ
국˵ڵ߶õĵĿųꡣЦ˵ǲõģҲңҪɱңһ治ûǸ˵ʵҾ˵һܹɵ
Ȼûȴ¶˲ŵɫ
Це˵
ϴ󣡡ʱгߺսϴϢ躵ӶŻֳɷϵֱ
ô󶯾ɫҲһ㶡
һЦϴˣʱǱܵ˿ɾȫɷϵ˿ˣ
Ӧô˵ӮˣӶſɾȵˡ
Ԥףϴ쿪ʤ

һںģЩ˵нҲԼһСʱѾǵϿգʱΧʮͷſеšȻ躵λֻҪӶžû˵ǿŹ
δ˳ŵĲŴ򿪣ӰӲڳڿгŰڰ֣űֿʼգշȥܿʧ֮С
ˣͣɣϽеĴĻ򿪣һߺţһԴһĻʱڵ߶վһĻǰעǵϿա
Ͽգͷ躵躣ˣֻһ¡ˣɣҲ
һˣɫһ㶣ȫû뵽һǰ
국һЦѾƵ֮ˣѵҪ𣿡
бŭſһԾֱӳų˹˲㳬˳ڿеĸ߶ȣ굹Ҳûиֻ̧ͷ躣ֻԸոճĸ߶ûףٴ·ȥ˫ڿ߳ųһƬӰͬһɽͬһųХ
ûгϵĻڳķߺһɱС
һ̣ŭ躵ʵˮƽӣԭسڵʵӲΪеķŭӳڵܡ
˲䱬зƣ˫ͬһִĸֱޣ˫ͬһ޴ռ䶼һƬ߱¡¡֮
һļΧۿЩ߶ľ
Ҳһ뵽صʵһǳǿ󣬵ȴû뵽ǿ˳̶ȣֻӭ汻߱ľóƤֵʹ
֮֮
γһԭµĲӰߵ÷顣躲أ֮֮һָ߼Ĺûܹ׽Ĺ켣ոճһߣ躱ͬһ糵һɱ˹
ȻڿеĹ켣ʶˡ
һЩȷһʹ֮֮׷ٶȸˡһִĸо
ԶһֱѰҾѻ躻Ӷ߿пĲѡϵҲǼžһƬƷǳԣһʼ·硣
ϺͿǺսڵҲ΢΢ҡҡͷǴʱѾʵҲһ۷壬ʵһسڣʲô
治֪ô˷裬һ躡ѵ̫˳ˣͷԣ
͡
˺ѵһγڳǰԶ˫Ŀ죬˫ȭ˫ɢɱ
һ۾ͻȻͬһǧȵһ㣬ַֻ˽Ĺ絶λζ䣬Ʈ
Ƶơ
躵ֳһ˿Ĺ켣Ȼ󴫣ͲȥǰǸӰһȭſк˹ȥ
ȴǳոճֵӰȻһʧȴѾʼǱһξ׼ҵ
ƵѾûãԭ޼ѰƵ躵Ѿ꿴Ѿǰ躣Ȼһȭ
躵۾һодʱĳͬһ㣬һƬǺһȭͷ·һˣɶʮ̨Ļ
ˮΡ


1116
һȭһǰ·𲻰ѶĽʯ飬Ǿڽʯһ㡣
һȭΧЩʿöһ㱣ĥԼһȭĻȡӲƴܶжѡܡ
躲ǣҪϧԼˣûܣһȭӭųˮ˹ȥ
䡭
һȭˣֱƳƵ躵ȭͷϣ֮䱬籩޴ĺ
εɳȥƷ飬ֱ۷ҵʹ˳ֱӡó굹һȻúͶԷŲࡣ
ڳԾȴ֪躸ǳԾԼһȭ㲻ܹ˳꣬Ҳһֱ۷ϵǣֱȻ
һ𣿡
Ŀһαͬһ䵽˳ĸǰ׵һָ˳ʺ
һָ躵УԼĲӻᱻһ͸Ŀ󷭣˫Ȼϵ˳ȥҵȻ߱˿ͬŴͬʱŷ躵һָҽ躵ʺ
躵ƤӾһû뵽ķӦ˿죬ҷϵһζķأѡ
һǵһȻһȦͬһܲһ㣬˳šһӥצһץʺҽšָУŽҽ
ڸʱ򣬳߳ȥ˫Ȼ˻ȥϰȻǰ˫ȭɽһ躵Դ
ɽһʽ
˫ȭɽƣȴֺϢôͬʧȥһѹ躣ȻûȴһϢĸо
ǺƸ躵ĸо·ҪԼѹʱڵѪҺһֻơ
أܵǰδеѹҲѹδйܣһȭŵشƵܡɽİ巢ӵ˼¡ֱǳʷɽǿһʽ
һ֪ٴδսҲԽսȴûмƵһȭţǳʵԽӲסһȭ
ǡ
ֳһ˿Цʵ̫ˣһȭһҪֱ۶ϡҪ㲻Ӯ㣬ˣջҪˡ
ȭȻʹһȦȻӭ˳ɽȭ
䡭
ȭͷԺһ𣬳˫ʹ˼㣬ܹо˫۴΢ǲǹͷ΢Сѷ죬Ѿ˳ȥһѪ
Ѹٴڵȡһ䲻̷֮תҩЧƽ˫۹ͷѷ֮˫۵ѷۿɼٶȻָš껹һ˿壬ԷʵǲС
һ˿壬ͬʱ𾪲ѡһȭν۷һȭȴûп˫۶ϵӣֻһѪɫֻǲ԰һ˲ָֻ˺
⡭ʲô̥
˻
δȵų׷ͼڿзȻһ٣Ȼͬһһ˹һȭ˹
ȭͷ躵Ұ˲ѸͷŴͬһǳײ˹
ǳȭһʽǳ׹䡣
躵оһܹоһȭҪ֮ǰļȭ󣬴ƺѾ߱˺ಫܡ
ʲôȭ
֮࣬ɱŨʲôȭһֱӲȥʵѹԷԶԷԷ壬
䡭
˫ȭͷһζײһһγûзֻڿзˡǰ˶ȭ֮躿ûкһȴһס
вһԾ˶ĳꡣȴֻ˳ĲӰ
һһʧ
һһ֣
̫ȭͨ
ֻ˲ξͳ躵Ķ棬һȭ躺˹ȥ

ŭԼһؾȻڼ֮ûдԷ˵˺Էһ㶼û󻹱Էһס
ֱܴ裡
һȣ躷һȭһȭеķŭŭһαݺݵغͳȭͷײһ
ǲ
Լ۵Ķҵʹڡ
ۡ
ε˳ȥڱ֮Ѫ
躵ֳһ˿Цظо˳Ѿ۶ϡ˫õʱԼĶ֣ϳһۣǳֻеķݶ
ǡ
ֳʱӦֹͣϴЦ


1117
ƾʲôЦ
躴ʱųӣųЦݣܵظо
顭
ڴһı죬һһ죬һǿһһ챬ʱڿжһʧȥ˿ƣڱ֮Ѫ
顭
Զǹ죬ȻǹģӵٶѾ١ǼʹҲоΣգʵоǿذͷűһڣһӵĶХȥ
ܹͷӵʧȥƵȴ㲻ӵ
ۡ
һӵᴩأؿһ͸ĿһӵСͬһ
ϡ
ȡ˾õ
ꡭ
һնĵʮʽûü̷֮ƶ˵ۣҲҪһ˲Ȼնɱ
Χߵж϶ˣȻǾʵоԺһʵַӶţ躵СǹⳡѾû
ϵѾʼˣͼڴĻǰһĴ͡
ǡ
һȴֳЦ˲ǱˣڵϹۿ
Ϊ躵ĵܵȻ֪ĴಢأأҲһǹûд躵ࡣһûдԴûд࣬Ϊһأŷǳǿܣʱغ͸ڿٵ䶯޸
ǡ
ʱ򣬳ֳžõʮʽ¡ն£ֱ躵Դǵ滹ûе躵Դ躵ͷըͬ׻һ㡣
ʱ躵Ѿָ˿ƣαб󷽷ˣͬʱȡһ󽣡ڰмܣ;УһбնʱҪѾæ˴󽣣һʽ£ųľõӭȥ
һһûײ˺ƿͬٸŮܵ˾ַļһ㣬ᡣ

һһײˣæӭսͬһһŵ׹䣬ں׷ᣬͬʱеľõһʮʽ
䡭
躵κݺݵˤ˴ϣҳһӣʧ֮С
䡭
ĵڶն£رһ蹵ں蹵һƺߡβͣһͷ˺蹵֮ڡ
䡭
蹵·ҵĻƴ֮蹵ʼݣʯɣĻϵĻ涼ͬٶըҩͻȻըģ躵Ӱ
䡭
蹵ȫݣʧ˵ټֳеÿ˶ź蹵֮أǴĻҲÿ˶ֻ֪ǴҪʵ
䡭
ͬһ͵ױըһӰӵص״˳ͷҲصշȥı󣬴ӵص״ܳһϬĵâβӰնȥ
ǳ˵Ӱ躣ʱϵѾСһ롣ͷҲص·һ
䡭
âͽâײΪ֮ѣӰӹѴ˳ƣõקɵâ
ڸ߿еһתͷ½ϣеĴųն£ȻʱˣһҲǱȫͳ֮Ŀռ䶼·һն룬ܹؿڿռгһߡ
Ȼһ٣ڿнһͦ˫Ŀ֮ж˸ɫĵâеľõȥ
һ̣ӢͦΣЮľõͷ·Ҫһ㡣
䡭
˵ĵͽâͣײһеĵײһ

·ɻڿйײ޴ĺʧϡ˫ƴһ˶Ҳղסеıһһ㶼ַɳ
ԭѾѪڣѪвޡԼˣһԿشꡣȴͳһ൱
ҼȻͬһؽȭ躵бͬһž޴ǳײ
ǳȭǳ׹䡣
ڸ߿УһŲȭͷ
޵޻
䡭
ȭͷһǳͬһŵ׹䡣躵ų׷ȥͬʱһֻųͷ­˹ȥ
ಡ
ӵ躼ӵӿյǱһΣһһθо
˲ͣס˶Գ׷ڿӵǸ嶼оһ˿ȡ
䡭
˫Ŷ˴֮ϣΪܵʯɣſзȥ˳Ρ
ȣ
һȻӳʯд˳ֱ۱˽ĹһʽɽſеնȥڳЩʯͳųһʽɽûн䣬Ÿʯͳ˿Уڳıγһɽųһʽɽײ˹ȥ
һնɽľ衣ضȻ
һ˲䣬躵һš֪һնϣǰô򵥣Ի˺Ƭ
ˡ
躹˲غ͸Ѫ˫ȭȻʹһȭͬɳһغ˳ɽʱѾо˲ԭѾûûʧ׳һܹˣ۴ϣʱǳôûһ
ʶ޸ܿ죬Ҳû˿죬Ȼ׳Ϊʲôָô죬ȴ֪֮Լ·磬ΪŹֵĻָ֪Ϊ겻ϵطʳ֮
䡭
ͬɳֻȭͷͳɽײһ˫ͬʱһ躵һֻžѾ̧𣬺ݺݵ˳˫֮䡣
ִʱҲͬһֻצǰһ̽ץ躵Ľס躵һ˿ֻɽ⣬ͬһֻħơ˵һһأĽҲֻй
顭
һצץס躵Ľף躱оԼĽƺһ̶ͷоѵơ
ִʱҲܣָͬѵơ
ҹ
ŭ𣬽躺ݺݵشӿקŵˤȥ
顭
һֻҲץסŵݺݵˤ¡ڿзһϥײڳСײ˵档
顭
ˤ˴ϣڿиҪжоԼֱѻǹαڿһ١ʱ򣬱ͻȻת

ǲǴתʯͳת·һżӲĴر˺һ޴ڵɡھ޴емһɫ̲ž޴


1118
һһ
иһǳͬ۴תʱͬһ޴̫ͼ
䡭
·շƵ˫ͬоһƬأһ磬躳ײ˹ȥ
̫
һ̣оضԼƿأ̫һΡʱܹоϺëķ
һĴԪռڳЩڿ˲۳һһХ·ҫĿĽ⣬ųоľ޴̫˹ȥ
䡭
˾޴̫֮Уʯͳ·׷ɣȴҲ̫ʳ˷顣ʧȥʯͳֻʣ̫Сˣȴδ롣
һ̡
еǳ貶Ŀ
ɣ
̫ͼ𵴣ײ޴ܣ˳˫֣ſе˹ȥ
䡭
ջһƬһα˳ȥйۿжһȻû侳ȴһϢĸо
ϵŴͿŴĻʱǵԴѾʧȥ˼ֻһͷ
ϴ󡭡̫˰ɡ
ˡ
ٴ躳˹ȥ˫ǰһ̫ͼɣƣ˹ȥ
躵ȻСԴĹ
ӡ
ʱΪС۵ĹǼⶼ쳣Ľܣֱ̫ͼײ˹ȥ
Ŀһһ躳̾ʣ̫Ψһм䣬û뵽ôͱ躿˳һеֱӳ˽
䡭
е̫ͼȻɢڿзˣ躵ͬһ˴ǹһųֱ̡
˫ֲϵؽʶ̫еĽ˿󣬽躵˫۽زƣ˵ٶȽؼȴоԼ˫̶ͬ
ȴȻһоԼֱѻǹˣǴʱȴȫֻܹƶ塣
ۡ
һӵ躵ۣһӵҲ߹ǡʱغ͸Ĵڻûȫϡ
ĸ޴ĴڣʹҲܲˣϵϢص䣬Ѫֹӿ
Ȼɿ˽˿һӴԪռȡǳһʽɽնȥ
顭
躵˫ץסǳ˫һ
ۡ
ĸѪ
ǲ
ǳȻ۶ϣӿó˫ͬǧڵƬʶʣµİǳҲղס˳ȥ˫һƬѪ
躵۾һ֪ʱûɱĻᣬΪҲܵشֻҪܹɱʣµѻָͲ⣬һɱ
Ҫȴʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
̫ȭͨ
躵Ƥֱʱﻹ˵ϻɱ꣬Ψһ뷨һȭѾͨζҪھζǳĶ̫ˣˣ㡣
֮Ψн˫ȥ⵲
顭
һȭǳ۷һȭұ۶ܲסԼһȭο˫ԭˡ
顭
ұۼ飬¶ɭɭ׹ǣˣпڱ֮пѪ
顭
ŵ躵һǿһһһ졣
ۡ
ϵĴڱڰ𶯿ӿѪѾȫʧȥ˿ơ
ۡ
ӵӵص࣬һӵüģֱӽԿƷɡ躵ŵ׹䡣
硭θն
顭
ڼҵĸ߷׷׶֣ҵ˲ȫС
顭
躵˵ϣѾȫʧ
ڴŴڵȡһ겻֮£Ȼ󻺻ŵȥֲ躵ұۣڵĴԪռȡ˳ս硣
û˷ԣ֮󣬰һеĶʤһսƷȻ֪躵ĴԪռһŷԴȴû˸Ŀ֮ΥɷϵĹ
ڵ߷ɹ˵Ŀⲻڵ㣬֪ڵǾѻ֣һвɸ̾Ӷŵʵĺǿ
ϵ߷ҵĻغߣȥӳ꣡


1119
ſʼǼʻ
ǰ
Ŀɨʮ˵ҵĶעأ
һص߷˹һŴԪռݸ˳ꡣӹ˴Ԫռ䣬һɨ㿴һƷϾʯ뵽ѾƷϾʯ빺һսǱֽһϱ¶Цݡ
лл
꣡
һӰͻأسڿУŵϵĳ꣬˵ס
׿һ۵躵ʬ壬Ŀл¶һ˿ؾȡһģϴսĸױǰԭΪ䣬û뵽ȴһصĳɱص躡
ֳİûͣǳİζҲİΪɷ֮纣Ķӣףôİ
Ȼʱ׵ʵֻʶأΧЩȴûһ׵ǰΪ׵ıվһʾص纣
Թӣһ峤׷纣ʩ纣ֳһ˿ưصͷĿ˳ϵ꣬߰ɡ
ʱѾָ˴룬ⲻܲ˵ǿټϲ֮ĹЧǳ겻֪ʲô·ʱԼߣ͸֪Ǽףֱӵȡһ겻֮뵽£Щʵ˭
ϵưһΧҲһ̶ЩЦã˵㲻ʶҲͰˣѵ׵Ҳû˵
гһǺսšͣգŴ򿪣һӰ
ûȥţʱһŭ⣬ųû˵ΪϷŪĿһ˳ꡣ
꾲ףеɫʮƽ·ѯһ˵ûмûϷŪȻҲûڴ֮Ŀ⡣ʱ룬˾˭ھԼߣôĿ
Ŀ⣬ҲЩɣܹоĲʶѵɷϵв֪ҵģ
꣡ų˹
ϴ󣡡ƵҲط˹
Ҳ¶ЦݣǱһòں˺˼֮ٴνĿס׵ֳһ˿ΣʱѾȷ겻֪Լǲ֪ӣʻǲӵɷϵԼ֮ˡ
ľһɷ֮
׵ֳһ˿ЦݣǼҸ
ɫأ׹ֵԹӡ
ƺ˵˴ʱҲǾҵɷ֮ĶӰһվ˳ס
Ȼ֪˭Ǿ͸߰ɣ׵˵
ʣҪȥɱ㹻ءû취ҿԵԼҵﲻ𰡡ԼңǿǴ粽ˡ
׹ؿһ۳ȻȥԼҡ䣬һ۳ЩӶ΢΢һüͷǾͲҪˣԼֻ롣
ף˵̬ôôã·ֻҪһڣԼͱԼƵġ
ĿһΧ߶һĽ֮ɫԼЩ峤Ҳ⡣ٻͷԼӶһ϶һĽȻģ
ԼҵƻǲС
ҲЩĶԼ֮ĹԴһȱԼܿͻʵǳ겻ܹӦԼЩӶҪ͸ѵǨƹԼˡԼһʲô壿
ҡҡͷ׹ֵԲҲܹԼҡ
ʲôеɫһ䣬һŵģųꡣ
ɵ𣿷Ŵǰ̲Ҫ
ֻӶŵ֪ΪʲôϼԼңǶ֪껹Ŵ˵ѰҵһǨ㣬ôܼԼҡһ뵽ղ׸ɴرǣҲɾؾܾףǵо͸ֳһ˿⡣
׵ɫһ㶣ȴҲû˵ʲôһˣԼһļ壬ᣬԼûһ飬Ϊʲôˣ
ԣֻǵؿ˳һۣ߶ûкһһ˦䣬αʧڿС

곤һǺճŭǲף纣
ߣ
һҲԸͻȻַҴææش˽뵽Ǻսڣ̽ʻããǼʡ
躵鴫ɷϵԭкܶ߿˾ֱԳĴܿ촫ɷϸĸ䡣
ÿ˶֪ʵʵΪֻһأȴصʵ

ɱصʵ
뵽ʾѾɷϵи߶˵ʵرǻ൱صսе߶סǳӶźͳ֡
ʱĳԼķѾﵽһ۷壬ʱڷڼѵһ
ͻƵһǾźǿɺԣͼ¾ѹ£ʮѨڵǳѣƵʾ硣
ǣַ֪Ƿȷû˸ֻԼȥʵ̫ա·ǶԵģ˳ͻƵʶأǴģҲˡ
꽥ɿüͷվҪԣȻɹһΣǾ֤·ǶԵġǴˣҲˡܲһֱΡ
û̽ͻƣڵϵľҪԼ״̬ڵ۷塣
һһҹ
۾Ȼֱϡ϶ȻɢȻϢڵǳ֮ҵز
顭
ڵʮѨڵǳˣȻصʮѨڱӿ˳ǳ֮;ֱֿ𱻳ʶ͵ȥ
һ̣֪ԼĶˣʵ
ھĵģÿ߶ڽŵصȴţʱؽĿ˳귿ķǶ֪ڸʲôΪڽ뵽Ǹ֮ǰ߹ǡҪչسͻƵʶأӡ֤֮ǰͻһصķǷȷ
ȷЩ˱㶼˷ܶĿꡣԺҲпܳΪʣѾֹǵ⣬ʣµľǵŬ
ʧˡ
һжˣҲӶҲûϣ
˵߸ǽţгڣǻзؼ԰һ죬Ǩ㵽ߵһ죬ˣһжˡ
ǲ
ĲŴˣ˳㿴վ˵һߡ
ɹˣСʵ


1120
ţԾϲãɹˣ
һƬžּžԼӣȻҵĻ
ϴô˵Ѿʶˣ
ǣҲſ飬Ц
ϴٶȣ˵ܿͻٴͻƣò˶þͻ纣ȼ磿
Цҡͷô򵥣ʵͻƲԪͻƣоͻơҴŹһ£ҵľӦءҲ˵ڳΪزʲôؿǴ֮󣬾ҪľҪľô׵ģҲҪǱչػԪľҲǳҪ
ʱΧһƬžе˶ֹͣ˻ųڴľ顣˳ɴʲôҲרŽһ⡣
֮
һϯضߣü֮Ҳֳһ˿ϲãĽԼҲǳǰЩģĵطͨ⣬Լȴʮͨ͸ľҲ˵õ˾޴ѾشصĴš
ȻֻľϵģҪľһνʮѨγǳӣȻٽǽ
һ۴ӻҵڵߣʱЩ߶ڳ괫ڵУϥãȻʳǳҩʼ
֮ڡ
ڣһ½û뿪һҲû뿪ֱգе߶˹۾죬ѡһȻȥЩӴҵõԴȻٹһЩҩ

ӵ˶ʮƷϾʯͼֵʮƷϾʯҩ֮Թ˶ҩΪһҪȥ̽գκһѾռš
䶯һʱӶҵĳҲʧ·ǴҲûгһ㡣κһҲûٳǵӰ
ܶĴȥѰǣҪӶšȻܾЩȴΪδػܾǡ
ǵо֮Ծܾףɷǳ򵥡ǾΪֻһˣܾӶšĳȴϷӶţǳܾԭ
ԼҿԸ߰ǲԼңûô߰ǿܹӶǴʱһȷ顣
ɷϵѰҳ꣬ѰӶţһʱ֮Ӷų˽㡣
ǳӶžôƾʧˣ֮ѰҳӶŵȶȽʧˡسӶűˡ
Ӷ
ѰǼ;СֻǲǵѰʵҲʮѰһ飬Ҿܹҵġг˰˴˴ҲǼʽأδ֪Σգ˴Ѿ԰ȫΣԵ˺ܶࡣ
ǽڰ˸Σն͵ų˰˸룬Σ͵ΪһţΣߵΪ˺šǾʹһʼ
һʱ䣬̽һźͶ򣬵ⶼû룬ȵΣ˳Ϊ˻ʧ˰˸ߡ
겢ûΪһźͶ̽ʧܾͲȥΣյΪ֪̽ʱԵҪԽΣյĵطԽȥγе߶гǼ֮䣬
һźͶ̽óһ飬ǾӶŵʵ̫ˣΣյʱԱ׼ôڵ֮ǰԵΪһ̨ס
һӶѾرд½ߣʱͿǵˡ
д½֮ʵϲɷϵߣǵʲãǵʶɷϵЩǿֻд½Ļˡ
Ҫ֪صƺ˵Ҳһ㣬ǵʺãͱˣǵʶɷϵ³˵һȺˡЩ߲ͬǵʿɶд½ѵһȺˣ˫ڹƽĻõͬԴٶȾѾ˳ȥһʱɷϵֻԭľϵõûеõͻƣд½ȴǸõͻơ
д½ЩѾûļˣҲ弶־ԶѾͻƵҸͻƵ߼ѾͻƵ˼ŴʱѾΪ̰ͻƵء


1121
һûͻƣȴҲʮѨڵǳ˼Сԭ̶ȾӦͻˣǴ˴γ꾹ȻûѰҵͻƵ˿ס˼һ죬Ʋ⣬ԭѨڵǳСѾˣԼѾʶˣڵʮѨҲˣ¼СǳǼޡ
˻ʲô˵ģˡ
Ǻսƶ˳Զһ̶ķطããǼʡеʿʱǺսгããǼˡ
ϥǺսϣǳҩããŨǳ֮һ˿˿׳ʮѨ֮ڵǳ
Ӣǡ
һŻҵ֮ԻҲΪﲻʺϾסǺʺϾסһƷ򣬵ȴΪɷϵϵĽ紦ΪϵĻشɷϵϵһ̬ܲȡ
̬û˹һжǳػҡ
Ӣϵ岼߶һЩ׼֮ˣнû
Ϊ֪ʲôʱɷϵϵսͻΪսʱΣաûսɷϵϵҲӢҲӵأһʱĵط
ɱ¾Ѫȡ
ǡ
Ӣȴ˱仯Ӣֱǰǣº֯֯Ӣǿʼ֣һϵ׳Լ
Ȼûȫ沢еҲΪӢͷӢγ㶦֮ơ
ǵĻ᳤û֪֣ÿ˶ƺΪǵۡ»᳤Ҳˣ֮ΪµۣյĻ᳤֮Ϊյۣ˵˵ʵء
ӢǲûΪúƽӵػҡ໥ɱҪԷͳһӢǡ
ɱҼ֣ɱ㼸֣ʱдģսӢǴδйĻҡ
ããǼʡ
粻ʱعιЩеɭ䵽㣬еȵ㣬û˿Ĺɡûзʱ򣬾һƬޣ޵ʧ
ǧʿûоһɢǺսǰԲ֮ڣʱһſǻЩ߱ܵȻδǿա
һǻʣƵײ˹ƵϿƮȻǿŷŵ֮ϣ۾˺յɲ財
ӶѾɷϵʧһ롣뿪򽫽ꡣ

д½Ӹտʼ壬ʵʵذյľϵɸԴĽ
ꡣ
뿪ҲûлľϵҲʧȥšɻľϵããǼѣҲ
˼е̰ͷ˳д½ûһ漶ǿߣϵǿѾΪ۷ǿߡǵ֮ϵû漶ǿߣҲѹƲסе̰
д½Ҫд½ĿȨĴţ˴塣ĴźͰ˴Уɵĳļʵ
ںͳҽˣóʱڰȫ״ֻ̬˭ְ֪ȫʱģд½ҵļûһط
顭
һߴӿн䣬һ֮ϣǳǱʶ̽űս磬һ˾ͽţ޵̫䵽֮ϣĸоϮͷ
ÿ߶ֹͣԪתͬһͨһţ֮ϵϸ΢仯
ʵ̶ȣѾҪԷֻҪԪͿԸṩӪȴһΧԪҲʮֵϡӶŵֻܹͨڵԪά
ʹҲûгʳûзʳҩ𽥵ǵľĸǣΧϸ΢֮ӵС
ǸоѾû˸򣬱뿪һȥ
ĸоҪ񣬴ʱһּû뵽ڱ״̬УΧı仯쳣
ʱһƬʯƬʯʮӴӣһ߼ʡһСʯھƮţ£Σա
ǾУظоһֹɣŽصľӿָоȴʧˡѾջ֮󣬾ԭأٽ뵽־֮Уָолˡ
һʯеʯѾ൱һСǣеȴֻȭͷСߵ÷ǳ仺ȥ׽ֹɡ
һѰֹɣһʶþԼоɡʶйճһͼһͨʯĺߡ
ʵϣҪͨʯΣգ˵ʶأЩ漶ͨʯҲκΣա
֮ôҪҳһߣһܹǺսͨĺߡһҵҪһͨĺߡ
ʯֻΣգֻΧֻʯͲ֮ܳΪǼʽء

߳ʯ³һĿĹˣһ߶Ʈеȴʯ߳ѾͻƵصƮ˹þͳ깵ͨϴǰ汩
ڰֵżٻȥһˡ
Ҳٴƣ߸ߵƮȥʯΧһſЩûһ򣬵ȴҲ߱Щ໥֮ƬʯĹɣʮأҵʯкѷ֣ǳ괦־Уͷֲˡ
γĶ˺ܶ࣬ʯдţԼʶйճĺߴš߾ͷ·һԹۣһһԹͣͣΪƶģǷɵһҪȴȻںǰʯƿ¶˺ߣþȥƬʯĻ̾ͻᷢûһͨĺߣȫµģֻǰһĹУǰʯƿĺֱʯ¡
һǰţһ߼¼ÿµ㣬Լÿµϵʯƿʱ䣬һڳʶг͡
ȡ˱ʼǱԣԼõǼʺ뵽˵֮СԣбЩȸԾʯӵһߡ
ٴλʯӶȥܿӶŵԡһ߶Χ˹ϴʲô


1122
üЦ˵ҵһͨǺսĺߡ
ģ
һߵ϶¶˾ϲͷ汩ɣ
˵жԾ˷ܵĻ棬ǰȥСط˴Լӣ汩Ѿǧס
һγɵģվǵǰǾһϡ
Ȼ䣬Ŀһ㿴һĿ϶ܳһӰÿһ˶ʮǱһŲϴˡ
ȳľһأ󻹸أͣ漶ߴĿһϴˣϻѪЩҲ̽ģӦûйȥ˶طͶԷܿӭľǶԷɱ¾ԲŶԷֳɱŲȡжѸٵǰӶ˫ǰ£Ʊ˫ֳ̫֮ͼ
һ˲䣬ʾͷӶţǷվǶĲһЩ漶ߵʱϱֳɱ⡣漴ǾͿ˳˳ĿⲻһǵȻһʶأƬǾһҵشߣܹԵȻ̽ʧܣһɻͬʱųԳ
ʵͬ磬籩綼Ȼζ·һҪ
ǧ׵ľ룬ֻ̤ÿһ¶𵴳·˿ձʵ塣
ʵƺһ̴ﵽ۷壬˵ȻգȻͬһų긩
ɫأһоʱ躵ʱҪѹࡣ
躵ʱֻһأʱȴһغʶص֣һǾ֣ںϵƣ
˫һһ̫ͼŶԷײ˹ȥ̫ͼ̲ڳǰ˲䣬ײ޾ܡ
䡭
նڲںˣʵҲںˡֻʵ¶˾ţֳ΢Ц
겻ҪɱԷҪ˶ԷֻҪܹԷº籩档
䡭
Ǹصײһ֮ڣֻ˲ͱɱ⣬ʶȴ˵֮ķ϶֮䡣
ಡ
籩һ漶ųǳ˹Ҳ׷ȡԼıŶԷ˹ȥʱ򣬳ڷˣ˫ײʵ̫ˣȫƲסԼ塣
䡭
һֱ˵ʯ󱳺ݺݵײһʯϣǶǸ޴ʯڡʶҲʧ֮С
ʯ汩֮䱬ҵļʯ˳ȡ˾õŶ˹ȥһնһߡ
ಡ
һӰ汩˳ǸղűȥǸʶأһʶûӰһ۳꣬ķɿȥ
֮ͻȻǳڸǰ壬Ǹʶ׷ȥֻǲӵʱ䣬Ѿ׷
ǸʶصȻһ󴸣ų˹ȥͬһƬһճǰѴϣȻһǣһ̫еǧ
Ǹʶصֳ˾壬ȻطԼɽһȻԷƫ˷򣬾嶼ǸƮȥ
˫ߣϣֹܹסԼƮΣµվҵطӿһȦȦ
ʲô
һֻеľõʱȴƮƮǰն˹ȥͬһƬƣƵơ
ǸʶعϵطеĴ󴸣ƮξһȻαǼˣһնգڶ˳ƻ
ǸʶصĿͻȻ˸һ£˫Ȼ̽£ľõ˫֮䡣ͬʱһ˳С
ĺȻоı˼ȵΣա˫ĿһӶԷ˫ĿпԼһʶز֪ʲôʱ֣еһ˴ǹϢشıġ
귴һץҲץֵĴǹǸʶص¶һ˿еĴǹȻͬһ
ǹȦһԲȦͬĴڣųҧ˹ȥ
ſȻһգͬһ󴸺ݺݵػǹƽ洦



1123
һײͷɢȥͬʱסõǸ߳һŽĸ˹ȥϵ·飬ͬƬƬƮɢڿС
顭
һ˴ǹͬһųʺɨƷ·һɽҲᱻɨϡͬʱһ˫ɽľõһȴͬһ˴ǹżͬǹ⣬˳ʺ
ɨͻ̣
顭
һǹɨڳϣһҲ̴˳ʺǳȴû˿ѪɣôɢڿС
Ӱ
оһǸ˫ּžõԸоеĵһᣬǳɿžõ֡
ͻأĳžõʵ࣬һȭ˶Է
ͻȻʧͻȻ֣һȭͬһǸʵļ
䡭
̫ȭͨ
Ȼһ鴤һǹشǹѾһ硣ʱҪѾܣ֮֮Ҳ
귴ץסǹ⣬˲Ѿ˽ɫʹǹҲѪ
Ĵʱ˾裬ʹǹʳ˹죬һǹʹȫǴ󿪴ϵ·ӣͬһ̿͡һϢ˺ѷĴڡ
Ҳ˲˽ɫ絶˳ǹն˶Է˫֣˫Ȼһ񣬳ǹϴ˾޴𶯣ǹ졣óֵĴ˸ңղסǹ⡣
ϵɿ֣ŶԷĻ۽Ѿն˶Էǹ֡
ʶǹ˫ͻȻɿǹˣҲͬųĻ˹ȥ˫ڿٵؽӽȴȻоԼʺɭ䣬㺮֮С
Ȼذס
ʱʶص˫֮в֪ʲôʱذףͬ˳ʺࡣ
δæ֮ԱһʺǱذײŲӶܹоһɭĶֽӲĸоǱذײұۡ
飡
һץס˴ʺĶԷ󣬶Էֱֽ̽۵ذװ˳˳С
顭
귴ץס˶Է
顭
Է˫ɿذףҲץס˳˫Ȼһʺ֣
˫⼸пνʯܹʱ˲һ룬ʱĺǸͨʶء
ǸʶصѾ飬ʱԼס˳˫һĿһųĺ󱳼˹һñֱͬһ˴ǹһ˳ıġ
ų˫ʶѾһˡɫһ㶣Ϊ˳ֳһ˿Цݣͬʱ˱Ϯһҵ岻һ
ʲôܣѵҪ𣿡
ڳ걳Ǹʶֳ˾ϲû뵽꾹ȻܣҽŵĽżѾ겻һס
顭
ʱǸʶصͻȻʧȥƽ⣬ڴı죬һһ죬ڲͣаѣһǿһ
굱һصľʹܹͨصشοʶضʶأ
һ챬ѵʱǸʶѾ˹ȥϱѪѪӿ
Ǹʶؾһ˫ֵ˲䷢ġԭѾ̧ϥǵֵҽţǾΪһһ֣ҽűݺݵش˶ԷС
ۡ
һֱӽԷһ͸ŴӶԷĺ󱳴˳ȥԷͰȥȻһŶ˵ȴܵشʱΪʹʧȥ˿ơɿų˫֡
һĹâ˲絶˶Է࣬Ƹо˶Էһա
顭
Էǻڱ󱬡֣ԷԶƮ
ĿĹˣʱսѾӽβԭ籩߾Ͳ࣬Ӷŵ֮һʶЩ˾͸ûģʱʣµĲʮߣѾʼͶ
ӶһץסǸѾȥʶӶŷȥкȵڣ
ӶŵͣʣµΧм䡣Ǹʶطɵ˵ǰĿɨˣ˶ص޳ȡ
˳еǸʶأٱĿһɨһͷֱӡ국˵˵˵ɣ
໥һۣĿⶼһصϡǸһڿˮЩųӢǵ¡
£겻ɽĿΧӶţΧӶҲ㶼ҡͷ겻ֽĿǸء
ǸЩŹֵĿ˳һۣӢϵİǣº֯ɷϵв֪ģ
ȴұֳʲôʼԼ֪鶼˵˳ԭ֯Ҳ֪Ӣǲһþס֮أһչӢǵԴһ֯̽ն̽գϣܹѰҵһ
ǽ뵽ŽѾܶˣ汩ǧ֮ңǱܼ繥ʧ˴ߣ˳
ȴû뵽˶¸ţǼȫֻʣһȥʶء
汩ʲô֣ʵֳһ˿ڴ
ʲôְǸؿЦ磬״֣СҲ״֣һǾֻ·һЩ˿ûйɣʱһ·Ǻܿͷܵӿȫ档Ǻܶ˶ôġǱ˳
Ҳ˵̽ոûʲôջ񣿡
ûУǸҡͷ
΢΢üͷ汩ûп汩ж󣿡
Ǹֿɬ˵֪ж󣬷Ŀ֮磬򡣡
˼һͷǵǺսأ
Ǹɫԥһ£ջ˵ߡ
˶ʲôʵ
ʣ˼ʮػǺսʵһһأĶսļԱǵʵߣֻϵʵ
˼һµƣżߣɨսԪռ䶼
ǣ
ѡʮ߽Ѻǰ棬Ǹʶȥ
ɳʯȻһǺսͣʯһԵǲûпµǺս
ǸͻȻԳ˵ܹƭܹһ𣿡


1124
Ҳųֳ꣬ڴ֮ɫ΢˼һ£ͷã
ѾˣĹûʲô˲𣬺͵õһǺսʲôܻȥӢǣȻⲻ˺ԵǳҲں
˳ǸشųǺսȥʱ򣬻ûеȵǲãˣһϵվڲſڳǸЦŻˣ
Ļû£ӰѾ˹ȥšǸϵߵĲӣƵˡһӵʱ䣬Ǻսڵ߶նɱһգǸһء
꿴Ǻս۾ֵгһ졣
ֶһǺս
µڰֵǿˡ
Ͼ㶼¶ЦǸųǻزȥˣʧô󣬶ҶǺսǺսᱻ֣Ȼᱻµ֪ǵĻԸ롣
΢΢һüͷͷǼ룬ҵǣӶҪҳϣǲҳϣһȡǵ
ǡӶţԾų꣬ȻϱֳϲɫӶŵ¼ǿ˵飬֪Ӷ֮ԺҶˣΪɱӶߣӶŲȻŭȻսɼӶжŽᡣ
֯ÿ߶ģ϶ֳ˼֮ɫǸؼ˵ǳų
ţ
ЩΪʲôôǸĴ𸴣ɫӵؼųҪ֪Ͷˡ
ţΪʲô
ųҲ֪ʵǿӶĹػܹΪӶɱͺȻһս֪Ϊж˶ûʲôߣɷϵҪӶš
ûбǲµ𣿡ֵʵ
Ǹص¶˿Цԭµˣֻǵ֯Ǳȼ£¶ǲãǲµĴְˡҸҿ϶Ǳĸɱˣ¾ԲΪǱ𡣾֪ǱˣҲδظӶű¾һ֯
ɫһû뵽ԼսľٶЧҲû˵ʲôֻǵͷ㽫ǸǺսȻһ㽫ǸǺսսڡ

ͣĿɿڴʯ˹ȥЦǸصļ߰ɣ
ǸزŴ˹ų
ϴǶϴӶֻһ˽ϴ֣ϴʦҪһЩʱָǡϴ󲻻뵱ǻūʱ򡭡
һߺгһ߸˳
صӶǱߣ˹꣬սɨˣսƷû㡣
ʦЩˡ
Ц˵Ȼվ汩ǰʱָ㣬֪ǳʦվǵĸǰ
ҽȥ
˵ոͶɫһеϰߣųȥģӦµӶڻ
ϴҺһȥɣƷɵ˳ĸǰ
ңҲ˹ȥ
ҡҡͷһȽȥ̽̽ʮΣա
ʱӶΪʲôặȻսһ֯¾ųսµӶҲͬ⣬ķɢˡǳػ˽ֶβӶͬһ顣һȣǸرǰһϴȥɣϾȥһΡ
΢Ѱ˼һʵʲô
̩
ãҽȥ
ȻҲٷԣһųϴСģ
ţͷߣ
Ӱ汩һ뵽汩оޱߵѹϮһ½ͷųȥȻﾫܹͷųȥԶֻͷųȥ׵ľ룬ͱЩɢһֻƾۣΣա
ϴǸտʼߵģߵġ


1125
̩һųУһ˵ţ˻ûзɳһӵʱ䣬ͻȻһץס˽̩ļˣΧȻٵƶһ룬ͻᱻΧ档̩һ¶ͷϵ亮µ˵ϴβӰ
ȴȥ
֪ʱ̩ľѾã˵ãŽ̩汩ȥܿ棬Ƶ˾ӭ
ϴô
ҡҡͷǼɣٽȥ
˲Ŀ˽̩̩Ц˵֮ǰĸһϴҾ档
Ľ̩ļʾҪ⣬Ȼٴ߽籩ûһֱ룬ֻһңվԼ뵽⾳
֮ǰʯľ籩ҲһŹɣǶйɣֻǿܲҵ
Ҫ뵽⾳̸ף
վҹн΢΢뵽ҵ⾳֮СʱӶŵЩҲͽ뵽֮УֻոͶӶŵʱųıӰ֪ʲô
תͷΧӶƺĳһ㣬ר־ʵЩӶǲĳꡣȻǴ۸ӵʯܹҳɣѰһߣ籩ʯΣհٱѰɣǰȫطز⡣ЩӶԳ걧żŵ̬ǵûǣǿԵͬ鶼һʱһ±£˷һؽ뵽֮С
һֵӶţ
̩аֹеĲҲƽϢؽ뵽֮Сȫ뵽֮ǰųıһۣΪʵǲ֪Ϊʲôһֱվվҹˡ
ǣһһִ״̬˳Ϊβˡ
ʱѾȫ뵽汩еúܹǰһ֪Σգܵܡͬʱʶм¼һС
Ųϵ룬汩ڵʽԽԽӣ¼ĶҲԽԽࡣƺû˿ĹɣоԼѾҪ⾳ΪоԼĵ̫
굱ʼأص·Ҳ˳겻ϵʶѰ·临ӣЩ·Ǳ任ģͬʯе·һģǲƶģ귢Щ·̫խݲһǺսխĵطֻܹ˲һ򣬳ŽͽȥѵԺÿγҪͣ
ǳǳ˴
ڣ籩˻ʱѾȥ졣ЩӶڽԳģʧҲĽѡһ˾Χ˹
ϴˡ
ϴҵ˺ߣ
ϴ򣿡

ƣ˵ʵǸӣûҵߣûд籩Ҳûз򡣡
Ŷ
˱һʧƿųƣɫϴǲҪȥĺˣ
ҡҡͷϢһȻٽȥ
䣬ɫһ񣬼̶ϲ˵ͻƣ
Ǻǡ˶ЦһľǶ۵һ߶ȣرǼˣĺܿ죬ͻҲ֡
꾫ɨȥе߶ͻƣֻʵԭܸߵûͻƣȴҲƺ˲ûͻƵأֻ۷壬ЩϵҲˣԭ۷壬ûнλϵͻơһµȴͻһλ̰صʵ߸Ҳصľ硣
Щ漶߾ø̰࣬ҲֻͻƵسڣЩ漶߶ͻһ֮⣬۷塣
־ԶѾͻƵ߼۷壬ͻƵ˼۷壬ͻƵż۷壬Ӷʵ͵ҲټϳʶأӶѾʵʵسΪɷϵжееƫϣֻгһʣҳ껹ֻʶأǶŵеϵȡ
˳ҲǺʹҾһ̩һԿŴҵĽԽԽȣǷӶƺûв˽˵Ҫ֪ɷϵָ߼ϵУɨϰҲʮŨͱΪʵĹһЩϴУͲ⴫ƽʱһЩҲ⴫
ǡ
ȴһ澰Ǵû˿ڲءⲻǷڳϣڿϲغʹҽֻҪ⣬ҲϸĽ˵ֻ鲻ڳһ˵ϡʱ⣬껹˼ʱ˶ԣ̻Ǹ˵Ȼۣۺϴ˵ۺͽжһֱһĽ̩˶оԼ
̩𶯵ͬʱҲϲӶ塣ҲСԼϵ⣬лӶŻ᲻ԼˡǣҺܿǺܶ𰸣ȻЩ۳һѵĴ𰸣̩ȻʣҲǳ
ʵ۲Ƕ棬۵ЩҲǳ۵ĹвԼش⣬Լ򲻶ϵؼ
һ֮󣬴֮£һղŶãҲʼ׼ָԼġ
Ȼ䣬ոս״̬еĳоһԼľΪˡԭʵʶأľΪȴ൱أȴԼľΪѾء
΢Ѱ˼һ£бȻΪԼ̽籩ȵջ˳͸Ը뿪׼ﵱһմ籩֮ûзֻҪܹԼľҲֵˡҪ֪˵ʮѨڵǳѣֻһʱ⣬ʱҲܳǶڳȴҪ̫ʱ䡣
һ̫ˣʳ֮Ѿʮͨ͸û˿ʡǳ֮ʮֿ٣ͨߵ屶
ڶǳǳóٶ쳣죬ĳ껳ǳһǳԵ򣬻д½˵ĳߵҪɷϵ߼ϵд½͵ġ


1126
Ҳǻڵд½ûγ֮ǰǸߵϵеĴ߼ǳԼҲһƲ⣬ҲҲͬڵЩеĳһڵ֮϶Ϊļʶɿ羿ʲôϺͽںƳġ
ǳӵǳҩһʱǼ֮ʱֵõһЩǳ֮ҺƳ˴ǳҩ
棬꽫ʮѨڵǳ۷岢Ҫʱ䣬Ҫʮ꣬ҲֻҪһ꣬¡
ǣⲢζܹһ߼ھܹõһͻƣΪͻʻһĹؿľ
ľأԶǸΡ
ľһأﵽأζ̵ʱڽʵأβˣ
е˷ܣʳһƿǳҩ꿪ʼָԼֹȥһ֮󣬳ٴν뵽籩֮С
֮̽·ǰٶȺܿ죬ֻ˰ʱ⣬뵽ϴεľ룬Ȼٴηٶȡ
һ죬죬졭죡
о񼫶ȵƣ³һ׼ءǣʱ򣬳ΧȻΧͨȫȻųӵ
˲亹壬ȫû뿪·Ҳؽ磬㹻ӲǧŽˡ
籩ѾһǺս˵ɣ뵽Щ֮ڣԻᱻʵ֧顣žӲʲô̶ȣ겢ûƲȴ֪ҪǺսӲ
겻վУסܴš
һӣӣӡ
һӣӣӡ
Ү
һ˷ܵûб仯ζȫסĽɱ
˷һĳֿʼǰȫˣܱܲһӣҪ뿪һƨ˵˼üëһĩ֮ǰĵһӰӰѾˣǵӰȴǵáǵӰߵǼѧҶоŰѰġ
뿪ʼ״ָ̬۷֮󣬱Сؽһƾ̽˳ȥ
ԭΪԼľ̽ȥᱻ飬Ϊ֮ǰ̽汩ʱ飬Ѿ˾˵׼ǵľ̽ȥʱ򣬾Ȼû˿ˡ
״ʱģƺĲûֽɱ㽫Сӣб㴫˺Ѱʹ̽˻˫ԴһŻָ
ҺȪˮһָ۷״̬һνһƾ̽磬ûиӣֻĿռ۲ţֻҪԼľԶӣ㲻ܵ˺㽫ľ˳ȥ
ͻȻһľͷųȥԽԽ࣬оһƵʣǰǲӰļЩģģмǵǲӰоͽһƵʣֻҪƵʾܹƿ硣
Լľȫ̽ڵƵһڵҺˮ̶ڣظƵʡ
ǵõǲӰǿѧҽĳ羭;УȻڣȻڲоƵʣʱҲЩ򣬹ֲɷϵ˶࣬Ҳûƽ磬Ϊ޷оһƵ⣬ڸоǾҪ뵽ڲܣⲿὫ飬ֻڲܹӵоĻ
һ죬죬졭
˵죬ü֮ϲãѾоڵƵʣȻʼŽԼľڳƵʣ˷Ŭ֮ľƵڴﵽһ£ȻƵʽӣ׾ٵӵ棬ľ
дϲֻ֪ԼĵһڶҪľο硣
һ죬죬졭
ھٵʱ򣬳ڳɹؿ硣
ǰҡ


1127
ƶţָʹ
дϲһгԼ壬һ£Ȼһα˳

겻ЦһЦЦһӣˬͣĿĹˣΧ磬ʱгš
ıԴƵӦͬģֻ΢졣ֲѾ˱ԴƵʵĳ⡣
ȻƵΧӶȥʱΧа˸ڳľƵһӴǵʱ򣬳ľûбɱѸںϽ磬ȻŰ˸óһĴ·
ֱӶȥסʹ;еһֻ˲һյʱ䣬ͳ汩
̫ˣ
ʱ𺳵ǰһУҰгһƬϵһ޼ʣĸоӦеڵϵϵС
ôϵӦһɣ̽ôϵҪķѺܶʱ䰡
üͷҪôһϵֻǺսɲҪ̵ʱ̽Ƭ棬ôҲҪһǺսһǺսڳ˵ûʲôϾĻһ֣üƷϾʯĻҲһٿ顣
Ҫľÿѧģ³ƵʣȻ磬Ǻսܹɽˡ
ųṩƵ˻ܿģͨƵҲѡһ֮󣬳̿ʼء
ʱѾȥ˽һ£ȵĽһѾʼЩˡʱؽĿ硣
Ȼ䣬һǵҰоͼЩͻȻһͨȻʩʩȻط˳
ϴ󣡡
ߺһΧ˹´ųеʵ꣬û°ɣ
ʦû£꺬Ц
ϴô£˼ųꡣ
ʲôô£
ǡǡǸôƿˣ
ѾܹЩˡ
Ȼ֮ǰҶѾƲ⣬ǵ˵仰ʱ˻Ǽȵ𾪡粻ֹУںܶǼʽضУѾΪж˵յĴڡ
ǡ
˵ʲô
˵ܹˣ
ζʲô
ζŶ˵Σսص磬˵ǳͨ裬ԺǿЩ磬ѰұءȻ䣬Щʶʲô
ϴ㴩汩ˣ
ţ
ǡǲ򣿡ÿһߵ϶ֳڴ֮ɫ
УҲֳ˷֮ɫһʮִϵ
⡭̫ˣ
ǧߴһ˲ͱһҵĻЦеؿǡ̩Ҳ
һ޴ϵ
ֻһӢǾᣬһ޴ϵǿ
ˣˣ
ⳡһӣ߲ŽƽƼ˵ϴ󣬴ǽȥ
ã
һŴȡ˳Ȼ߽ȥȴûн뵽Ǻս֮ڣǷɵŵϥӿǺսǰɢ켤ؼʻʻ汩
һɢŵԺţͬһħڻǵ
űֱػǰУǺսһͨϴؿ棬ǰ罥ɢŹȥֻ֮ػָ״̬˺ͨ
ʻú㻨һհʱ䣬ڴ籩ǵǰֳһƬ׳ľɫ
ͣŴ򿪣һߴ˳֮Уǰһ޼ʵϵһֳ֮ɫ
̫ˣ
꣬ôһϵһɣʵ
ţҲصͷҵȼ͡
ϴǸϽȥɣһԾԾԡ
Ц˵ǾǺսҪ£ôϵδػж١ǻҪһƷߵҪǺս
껰һڣЩ߶侲
߰ɣ΢Ц˵Ⱦͽ򿴿Ȼ󷵻ȥԼҹһǺսҵʱֿ
Ҫ򰡣˷ܵ˵ȥӢˣȥԼҹһǺս˵ᱻԼһɣǾȥΪҪռӢǣỳǡ̩ӢһǺսɣ
ֹ
̩ʱҲʮּû뵽꾹Ȼܹ籩˱һȻϣʱҵһƷߵǾһӵĵطһûսҵĵط˭Ҫ
ʱоԼͶӶһȷľҲ꾡ػشƵ⡣
ǣº֯ʵ࣬ÿʮҵʮǺսҺԳһҡ
۾Ҳһò˵˳ǳãӢǣеǺսԼҵĻɡҪʡǮһܹԴ
ãôˣȥ򿴿
˸߲ҵؽ뵽֮ڣ˼ʻſٵһȥ˼򣬷ֶ򣬵ȥ˺ܶԴóãǿЩԴҲܹó׬һսǱļƷϾʯ
ȥӢǣǺս֮󣬱Ѱ
ͣһ֮ϣȿѧҾһȻԼõĿ籩ƵʾǿǿʼģƵʣȻһƵʷʱ籩
ʱ䣬ȿѧҳɹģƵʣȻ㿪ʼھŹңǱæǿʼչ׳ԼʮѨ֮ڵǳ
˻һµʱ䣬һʱڽʮѨڵļСǳ׳ѼСʱоͻƵˡ
һ״̬ȻϵʮѨ֮ڵǳʼͻơ
֮󣬳ˡ
ϵϢѾȶʵﵽسڣڵʮѨһſСС㡣
֮󣬳˾һ𣬿ʼſ汩磬Խ򡣼ָܹ֮ʹؿ磬޴ǰʻţǰһ·˳ʻ汩


1128
Ү
ǧ߷ҵĻһϳ˼֮ɫȻʱǻûҵһ򣬵ǿԤһܹҵǾͻӵһԼļңƷʺܸߵļҡĵ̣ټϳŵĽǣǿԤӶŻΪһô˿ֲ
ҪǶ˳ٶȣٶȸģһܹʾأǾȫԺ纣ƽƽǸʱ򣬾֪ϵҲںΪг
ʯĺߣѾϤһ·ȫʻʯããǼʡʱÿһ˺ʱȫͬʱһг˼飬һΰҵȴȥء
ǰӢǣ
꼤شһӣ´
ǰӢǣе߶󺰣һܹ㷢Ǵʱ顣
̩Žֵ̩˵˵Ӣʵ
̩ߵǰڳʾ£˼һϴͲ˵ӵеˣͽ׵ٶҲûãֻ˵˵ϵߡ
ţͷʾͬ
ҳ£˽⡣µµһ弶ϴһնɱӦÿնɱµۡǣ¿ɲǽһµۣʣֱʶغһءϴΧӦ
˵̩˳꣬ͷ
µӵдԼʮһصزȡصĻǵʵӶš
ţ˵˵ǡ
ǵʵ£ǵǵҲأǵ֮⣬ǻһʣȻһȴһأҲ¡˵˵գҲֻʣһֻһأǵȴءһյʵռ΢ơҲ¡
üͷЩͷ۰ӶŵʵյۣµۺǵǰҲ·硣Ȼܹһصʵնɱص躣ȥӭսأܹô㣬ܵĿԷǳ󣬾͸˵ȥӭսصյˡ
ϴ㻹ǵð׽𣿡ƴ˹
ǵãͷ
ÿܹõһ׽Ƕܹڶʱһȼǵİվʹࡣ
۾ҲһϴͻƶԼʮѨڵǳҪѾͬǼСҪﵽѼСΪԼĵʶʮѨ϶ˣ´ͻƿʮѨڵǳﵽѼСУ˵Ҫﵽ쵰СԳʣǳҩҲܹͻƵġҪʱãа׽ԼҪʱ»̺ܶࡣ
ǰ׽𣿡
ֻǮû򲻵ģ׽Ȼϡȱϵ˵ġϵжߣԶ˵١ֻļ۸ǳԲûУǾ󲿷𡣡
Ǯ󣬳üͷ΢΢һǮʹǿʵǮһţ
һһţҪʮҼƷɾ
һࣺüʮǺսˣֲôҶǴҲǹЩ׽Ӱ¾ͼҲƲˡ
˵ĿһֳֻǹһΣ𡣡
Цõ˵ϴ¸ûгð׽ӵ˵ͼңԼҲᡣǻܺܶ׽Ҫõ׽ǱΪס
򣡡شһӵǾһΣֻҪǵʵӢǣǵǺսֵοǻܹ˳һЩԴ⡣

˳ĻЦ
ȥ򣿡Ц󣬳ʵ
˼һµһδô࣬ǲ绹ȥͼҰɣͼŰǡ
ãȥͼҡҼס·ֵϵһҪܣ̫ˣǺͼн飬ͼҲ̲סջϵǽ֮
ǣϴ󣡡
Ǿ͸ı亽ߣȥǡ
ǣϴ󣡡Ӧһʼı亽ߣŴʻȥ
ˣҶϽȥʱһŰ׽ûͻơ


1129

˶Ц뿪һԼķ俪ʼҲصԼķ䣬ʳǳҩϵ׳ԼʮѨڵǳ
ľѾﵽʥأڴ֮ǰҪľǲϵ׳ʮѨ֮ڵǳ׳󵽼ޣͿ˳ͻƵأءֻе֮ŻĹؿǸʱ򣬾Ͳ֪ҪòܹͻƵˡ
º
ʮѨڵǳѾ׳󵽴Сǵˣְ֮ͼҡ
ͼڴſڵȴų˵ĵ꣬ԶԶſ˫ӭ˹
Ҳſ˫ӭȥ˺ݺݵӵһʹű˴˵ĺ󱳣졣˷ֿ֮ͼȭͷһ³š
ʧһ࣬ܵȥˣ
Ǽˣ֮ģ
Ϊһе峤Ȼ֪Ǽ˵Ҫԣ۾һжپ
꣡
δȳش𣬱洫һȣͼŵϱֳһ˿Σɼһߡ̫Ŀȥоһ֣ԭǵԼܵͼʱߵ˳ĸǰһͷųʶصϢȻضԳ꣬Ҫٺ㶷һΡ
ͼ֪һ۷ʵɱ躣ȴΪ⡣ΪԼһ۷ʱҲܹɱ躣Ͼһĵ̲ǶܹġͻƵʶأ굱ǲʤ˼һоԼɰջܳꡣ
Ե˵굽ʱ˭˷ܡܸһֱΪܣѩܵĻˣԱͲס˳
굹ûкٶһε˼ͼʱԼĶ֡Գ㽫ԼϢҲͷ˳ͬʶϢ
ʶصϢͼϾһ˹ɫ
ôܣǸոͻһһˣ
ͼʹգգ۾ȷ˳ʶ֮תͷҲص뿪ˡʶصĳ궷һǲŰ
겻ݸơͼŲ˴šͼŰ˽ǳӶŵ˰ס£ȻųŸ׵İ칫ȥͼңȻҪȥݼһͼ¾
뵽ͼ¾İ칫ңͼ¾ųİ칫棬˳ꡣ
ݼ
ͼ¾ͷ
ͼͼ¾ϣͼ¾һ³ͷôͻƵʶأ
лл꺬Ц
ͼ¾ĿͼţĿϡͼŵһ̿СţٶҲˣ۷ˡ
˾Ц֪ͼ¾Ƿ¸ĸͨñ˼ҵĺӺԼĺӱȽϡͼ¾ͼһۣҲͼŵӣûеųѵת˳ʵǿͼţ
ɫЩڨڨͼ¾ϷŰ֮ɫȻͼ¾ǹڶϱֳ֮ɫͼȻĿ֮һһͼš
ţȥɡҳԷ
ǣ
깧վͼ΢΢ʩȻͼ뿪˰칫ҡһ߳칫ңͼűֳظ֮ɫȻŭ̫꣬˼ˡ
ôˣ겻ͼš
ͲܹˣҪˡҸҪˡ

Цͼֱۡͼŵ鷿£ͼΪϲ裬Ȼʵʲô£
׽
٣
ǧ
ǧͼĿؿų꣬̽ʵҪӶһ磿
ǣͷ
Ϊʲô㱩ͼŵ۾ѵĸ㣬Ҫս˵ˣʱĲҵͼչ
ЦҡͷûңҪȥǱˡ
ԣͼű΢΢üͷϿҵ˵ܹ꣬ΪңͿĴ¡ᱻеɺˮޣûԸӴ㽫ɷϵ粽СҸ׵ʱ򶼸ҺϾϵ
ЦȥӢǡ
ͼɫһ㶵û⣬ӢǸŪըˣҲû˻㣬ֻ˵꾢С
˷Ц
ֲҪô׽ʵһ̨סƾӶʵ
ͼüͷӢǸطռҲã֪ʲôʱͻᱬǼʴսͻɷһƬ
ûҪռֻҪӶһԴ
㡭ͼָųЦãôһԡ
˫һ̯û취˭ͼҵĵ̣ҲͲƴˡ
ͼҡҡͷҲ֪˵ʵˬ˵У¾ͽҰɡ֮ڰɡ㣬ǧ׽ʮƷϾʯɡ
ã
һ£һԪռݸͼţȻ˵ĻǾҪͼһʱ䡣
û⣬һǰһɽׯ
лл
֮Ͳˣ
ĵ˻ƻʱ֣ȥͼ¾ڷͼҲ˵˳Ҫ׽֮£ͼ¾ֻǵͷû˵ʲô
ڶ졣
ͼű㽫ӶŰһɽׯӶŵʿ˵죬ͼŽ׽˹ҾҲų
꽫׽ӶÿһţȻԼҲʼչءɽׯžû֪Ӷͼҵһɽׯӡ
׽ЧȻ꾪ϲʮѨڵǳһһֻʱ䣬ʮѨڵǳͳ˶쵰СͻƵٽ㡣
ʱ򲻽ǳͻƣӶŵ߸ͻƣƺ˶ͻƵء̰ͻƵأҲͻƵءӶŴʱʵҲ־ԶͻƵ߼ͻƵ˼ͻƵż
ÿһжʮּرд½ϵߣǴû뵽Լʵ˷ɿٶɷϵʵ̫ˡ뵽ѰҵһŸƷʵ򣬽д½͵˶ӹֻҪһ붼ü
ŴҲͬû뵽Լͻһ죬񻹲ֹһءʱеĿⶼۼڳڣȴųء
һ죬죬졭
ûгأʱĳѾͻƵأûгأڷʳ׽ǳҩļͻơֻٶȱȵһηʳ׽ʣ˺ܶ׽һŽһŷʳš
ͼҲûгأֱֹʱ䣬ͼڳˣϲһصϢ


1130
һʣ껹ûгأɴӶŵͼȻͨͼҵдȶ硣Ҳͬͼ峤ϲϵдȶ硣
ֹȥʮ죬ڳˣϲصϢ֮󣬱㷢ׯ԰澹ȻûˣһֱȵϣżӶŵ߻֪Щһֱںͼҵд裬굱ȻڶҲǰͼҵͼŸдһ¡
ͼŵЩͷ˵ֻصʵɣ㲻ܹһص˶ǳĶ֣صͼҲ࣬ҲֻĸĸʱڱչأĽȻͼûųд裬Ц֮࣬ɴӶ뿪Ӣǽﲻȱǳȶĥʯ
Ӣǡ
ʵǰǣºյ뷨ҲͬǴû뵽ҪӢǳõռȥžӶԴȻ뿪Ӣǡ
Щ˶ɷϵǵ˲ܹеȻӵӢǣľǿٵӹԴȻ뿪ɷϵǰϵ
ӢϵӶǷģҺ˼ɡ
ǳĴַǿΪǿ߿ԹԽ߾ūΪǿڿռԴ
ûƶеֻʵʵӢϵĵλ
ɷϵое׶֮أ̸֮ɫ䡣Ҳ֮áΪԺ޹˼ɣֻҪʵܹơ
ͬʱҲһЩӱĵطһҪٲʢȥͱǿĺǿʢǾͱһпĻ
Ӣɾһط
ǣºӢһ߻ţһֻ̲ϵؾǷֲ̫ľȥ̲Ѿ̲֮ĵ֮һûб̲˭֪ѹ£̲顣
֮һҲ֪һ̲֮ʵľͻΪūʵǿľͻΪڻҡ
ʣµ֮һûԸ⵱ūûԸ⵱ڻңܹܵߣĸ֮
ԣʣµ֮һ߱㼯еһ𣬳һֿ֯ӢԼӢǵԭҪҽʱΪûоǣ໥̫֮ҡ
Щ֮ʵǿһ׳һأֻһʣʮ
׳㽫е߷ֳʮӣʮֱΪӳЩΪڿռԴΪ˲Щ淴׳ԣڿռԴֻʱΪΪʮܹʵΪ˱Щߡ
һȵǵʵܹȵĳ̶ȣǸʱʱǸʱ򽫲ڿռԴǽץķ²ūȥЩ
ЩǼ٣ЩʵҲܱȱץȥǿҲֻñһ˿ڴŷصĹ׳ʮ
Ӣǣ
һСУһЩɷϵиǰĵӣЩ߲κһЩҲԸǡֻЩȴǣЩӢǸʲôģ

εġЩ߻ƫƫרÿ춼߱ɱÿҲЩӢĵ
ããǼʡ
ڡ
ڻڡ
ϴǾͿ쵽Ӣˡ׼ôų˷ܵ˵
Ŀɨ˵Ҷ˵˵ɡӢǵľҲͼ֪⡣
Ҫ˵Ǿֱѡеһˡһ˵
Ҳͷѡǻ£շ󡣡
ѡ°ɣ̩ڵҶ±Ƚ˽⣬Ӧ
ǻȰӢ˰ɣǵʵ˵
ӢﰡЩм˵̫ˣͼŵϢǲʮǺս̫Сˡ
ⲻ̫С⡣̰ǲܹڵӢ֮ǵʵûеκһ֮ϣóȻսǻʧܴٶҲûʤ㡣һڳҪ̬˵ʱֽӦӢڳһػõĵƵ̬Ǳ㲻ǡ£ǣϾҲһʵ˭˭ͻʵ


1131
˼һҲеƱʵӢ֮󣬺ļˣ
ȲܹˣϾɱǵ̽նӡںͰˣΪԭǿ󣬺˾뻢ıƤӦúͰˣ˵ܹһ̰һ˼һ˵
ǺͰ֮أ
Ƚ¸ɵϷµԴ̰ƶ˵
ǻ᲻Ὣ±Ƶúˣ
ᣡ̰ᶨصͷӦ֪ˣᱻճԵҲˣǺͰǹµʱվҲչжԴԣһǺͰ˿ʼ£¾ˡ
ãô죡һŽ¸ɵ֮󣬾ǺͰ˹֮ʱǺͰ֮
ֻǵļƻʵδذǵļƻߣЩĵ˵
һֵʦÿô࣬ʵڲУǿܰѵǴ򲻹ǣܲǣ
ҲЦǵսɷϵ˭ùǣǲ͵ϮúܣؽұƵ˾òͳսҪӢǾƶӣȫԹʼݣֻʱķѵþһЩˣƻʹ졣
ֱӢ
ֱӢƵشһӣǵʵȫѹǡ
Ӣǡ
Ӣ
ʮλüһã׳׵λϣ¶֮ɫͻʶأټҪ顣
һΪͻƵʶأڶǾİӢﶯֵļ
ذͻƣʮ׳ء
ÿж¶ϲ֮ɫ׳ʵԽǿӢҲܹԽãҲܹø档
Ǻǡ׳˵˫·һ
£׳ŽλҲ֪ˣİжƵƵӢٽƣټǰǺϼһ£ӦԴ¡
жһݣûһжʮӢʵԲǰǵĶ֣ȫӢӢͶס
׳ɫ䣬ϱֳЦݵҲҪڵġǵʵҲ˺ӵĵزձΪЧƱػʵºվԲһ顣ԣºվԲȫǣС
˵۾ֽ׳ƶ˵ֻҪǼסһֵº԰ǵĶǸʱһľ棬භ˭ҲöԷǣǰȫġ
Ӣ
׳գڰֵȻλϣҪΪҸ𡣲ҪֵºճǴսѹҲСԴҪƴսˡ
ʲô£ǲƴ
һغҲЦ뺷Ϣҵɢ˳Щ˶֮ͽӢֻУû˹˼ɣǻ˵һ
ҲеͷԳѪŴ侲֮ˡߵһЦ価֮˵ȫϮӢʵʱסʱº԰ǲȡжǸʱѾˡ
ɫһͣĿ˸׶񣬲ȴζԸ׳һǸˣǸûֻ֪֣֪ߣƽʱмǻۡ׳º͵ʵߣ֮Σ
߳һµȷȫϮǾӡ
ӣ׳۾һɣҵĵӣ
ǣƶ˵ӣȴûĿĵмƻӡ
ʲôƻ׳Ȥ
ȫǣǾͱâػصǵϳȥٰǡŰǳȥٻʿǸʱҲǰǵȫȫӦԡ
ã׳һİƵϸƻһ£ҪհǵжҪɳһСȥӰǡ
ô׼ȫӢ
ģ
ѵǾͲºճĺ·
Ϊº鷳֮У鷳ЩǰĵӣҲºɱЩ߶ЩЩǰ߾Ȼ֯רºմɱ
ЩǰĵӾһĻᣬԽԽԽԽǰ߲˽ºյ˸оʮֲ֪ʲôʱڴϾϡͿˡ
ʱǵ۸оԼһȷľӢ䣬Ǿ¾ҪǰĵӷͻܹõģҲΪðӹһ١
ºʱ鷳鷳ðȥǣǡ㽫ĿͶӢᣬºԹ˲Ͼʱ̣ԼȥȫӢºӦòо֡
Լܹ˳ӢӢΪãڰǵʵһӾǿԼΪյ֮⣬ۺʵѾաǸʱӢǵľƱȫͬ
ܹһԾΪӢϵĵһôͻӵкԴֻҪԼʵںԴ֧ٽһųյۺµ۵Ŀܡ
Щغ뷨԰ʵʵڵҪӢȡжˡѾʼ͵ż֮󣬱㿪ʼӢж
Ӣļз֮УȻӹעĶ򡣵һʱ͸о˰ǵͼ˽ӢٿĴᡣ
ãͰǽյļƻ¡
ӢĻڣ׳г˵Ļδ䣬ܽһˡ
š
Ǹ»ŵģ׳һ˿æʵǰǹˣ
ǡǡ
ǲǣ׳ŭ
ǣǸʹҡͷš
ʲôţ
ǸߺȻҲˣΪһ޴ӰѾ˻ҵĴſڡ
ˡ
׳ڵһվŴȥʮߵ˴֮⣬㿴һҾ޴ǺսƮڿУӰ׷ɣӵеʮǺսʱѾɻˡһڿУĿ
꣬׳ɫͱò԰סսϿӶŵųһһɱصĺˣʾԲǳĶ֡


1132
ӶŵģѾʮǺսϵڻѾǡͼԣǾǳ꿴ǵĵ̡
׳ĻҲͬЩȴ
̩˵ɷϵǳرЩûб֮䣬Ǿһ
ʵǿһӣΪ˺ˬ˲Ը׷ˡֻӶԺһս֮󣬱ʧȥϢͶš
ǿ˳վǵϷһб㼤ѡһǸĻѡһǳ꣬һ׳ǻԥ׳ͶꡣΪ׳ûǵģ֮ڱϸ׳ֻΪԴʱϰˡ
ǣպҲҪһЩɣͲ˵ˡҪ֪굱һصʵܹɱص躣ȥ˽꣬˵ͻơ
֮ʵһ׳ǿųҲȸ׳ǰ;
ǿ׳ֻ֪Ǹո¶һ棬û˵ʲôµʮѾ׼ˡ
׳һɫػָиֳһͷ
ҵĵط˭ҲܹߡղУ²УǲУҲͬС
ˡ
ԭӢʮǺսʱѾӶŵͻȻϮ˹Ӷŵ߼ʻ˿Уһڹ˳׼·Ӣߡ
Ӣ߶̧ͷſеʮǺսڿлŽٸǳϸɢʵϢ
ǵͻȻ鴤ӶŲ᲻ܲ˵νǶ˰ɣ
˵гΪǺǶԴԼˣԵ˿ǳĺһңǱһ
졭Ҳһɣ
Ӣһɫò԰Ҳû˸ղŵļеֻп־塣׳ɫصϷĳ꣬˫֮Ŀ˸
Ӷŵʵû˸ӣ˵ں֮ڵӢɷϵеκһӣһҲֻɷ֮ԼҲŻȫӶŵһ¡
ǣӢﲻԼҡ
׳֪ܹٳĬȥˣ˫һαſȥڳĶ棬ʵꣿ
ͷȻʵ׳
׳ҲͷȻԳųԶǿͣ롣
ҡҡͷҲǿͣˣҾ
׳ɫһ䣬仰ѾʮԣǿĻҵĻҵеļз棬ôĸԸؽеȨ
ӶҲУҲУ
꣬ӢǣǡӢҲҡҲ˽ӢǣɲŹĹûйӶŵʵǺǿʵҲǵ̫ˡ֪Ӣжߣ
국˵֪
׳¶һ˿Ȼֳ·һӢӵʮߣվɱɱ𣿷ÿһĭҲܹ
ϲֳЦݣһɵЦݡ
ʮ
ʮܹԳвһһĭĭĻ
ԭ껹ţ׳ʶȤշûбҪɱȻ׳ʶȤҲֻɱЩʶȤҲͬҪɱ
ҪһŽķΧضҪѿ״̬
Ը鸽ͻȻ洫һĿ㲻˹ȥǸǶߣһӵˣܿͺ˴˵ʵԱȣϣǾؼʮǺսӶŸɻˣӢѾȫơ
ⶼҪģҪĳߵʵҲͣصΪҺıܹһɾеΪݣЩһֳֿϡĳ֣⡣ԥغԼ
ֻһ׳һ顣
ǡ
ͬ˱ӡ
Ը鸽ų
Ը鸽ų

µʮˣһſеĳ꼤غšֳһ˿죬ΪʮпϣǶߵл˿ȡ
겻ӣаʲôʱôа֮ˣ


1133
̩˵ĻлЩûб߶Ӷŵ֮ģȴˡҲЩ⣬Ҳ
鲻׳Ͳˣǳزáû뵽Լ»ôɴͱԼĿͱ
ˣ꣬ȥҵĵ̣ȥҵȫ
ǵĿ⣬ľһƬʱѾȫƣе¶˹һȴһŵߣҾͳһҲֵܹġ
Լô죿
Ͷɣ
׳ųȥȴ˳۾ԲӶţӶŲҪڱ֮Ͷߣ߲֪ʲôʱͻҵءԼΪеߣֻһ·Ǿɱ
׳ӳпɱ⣬оһʱкֽ֪ڸտʼͶӶšǴʱѾûãʣµΨһһ·ӡ
䡭
ոͻƵʶصϢȫչͬһһԶȥû³滰ҲûκףôͻȻˡ
˵˳ǿǳٶδǿֻҪ׷ûܹ׷
ˡ
ͻȻоǰһȻ̧ͷȥ겻֪ʲôʱǰ棬ʱصϢȫɢ˳һֻԴ
ôܣ׳𾪣ôˣһŹȥ˶ã
顭
ٶ̫ˣ׳Ҳڼ֮УԴųĴײ˹ûüӦһֻƱѾԴϣԴ顣
׳·׹䣬Ȼ˵ϡ
е߶ģһеĳ꣬һˤڵѪģ׳
ˡ
ԶմһתĿȥʮǺս߷˹ó귢еʮǺսȲӭ͡
ǣǺսȴͣмһǺս߳һߣɵ˫мȵ׳ҡ
ǰһڿƮ˲վ˶ĸǰ˵׳ˣ
ˣԷɫһ´˳һۣ΢΢üͷ˼Ȼ۾һָųǳꣿ
ͷǵۣ
ǵ۵ͷȻ΢΢üͷʲô
국ЦʲôҾ͸ʲô
Ӣǵ۵Ŀһ
ɫ
·
ǵ۵һʮֹϵˣ̻һȭųǰغ˹ȥֻһ˲ȭͷɢ貵Ĺâдǧǹȭͷۣռ䱻ǹӳƺŤ
ĿһԷĹǳζǳǳˣȻܹоԷⲻǴǳƺҪһƷʹˣҲóʮ𾪡û뵽ɷϵƵĹ
䡭
ǧǹųӶųǵ۶ûȥʵֻвʱ䣬Ҳʶصʵʵסһȭ
ͬǳ֮ĳȻ֪һȭԼϣ޻ȥĻᡣ
ǧѾ˲ƽ˳꣬ͬһſ΢ǳͷ貵ĹâĸоһˣһƬǿա
ǵ۵ֳһ˿ЦһȭͻȻû˿۷һȭžصµ۵棬Ҳֲô
еӶһ˲˽ţֻǵ۱һ˲䣬Ǿ͸о˲ɵֵܣ⻹ǾǵۺԶֱǵ۵ĳܶѹȡ
̷ʮǺսڻǵֻۣҪһǵ۷ֿͻ´
ϵӢҲŵ˼㣬ϣܹӮǾͻΪǵķ²ȴǵֻܹūڻҡ
ǡ
ǵһȭƣܹӮ
óǳĳȻ˽ǳ֮ҲʽǳȭʱûǳȭȥͶԷӲƴ˫£ǰ绷Ʊ
˫˫֮˲γһ̫ͼһһ󣬸һǳ䵱
˫ǰȻһе̫ͼŴڿмٵתѾֲγһתĺڶ
䡭
ǵ۽ǳ֮ӵ˼£һƬ׹ٵǿųײ
ĿһһĽǳ֮õýˣоȻһϧ֮Уȴûа֡
վڵϵЩߴʱɫüΪ԰ףǸоˣǿ׹ҪˡȫȻû˰ֿ֮ġ
¡¡ǿ׹֮ǡ
޾ǳ˳ͷųĺڶ֮¡¡֮ȻֹǺڶԷǹˣ˽ȥ
ԴԴϵǹ˺ڶȻʧ
ȥ
һ˫ǰƣǸڶǵ۸˹ȥͬһŴһУǵͷų۷һȫɡ
ǵ۵ĿһҰУͷŵľһ޴ĺڶڶﲻɣӵž޴ܡ
ڶȻĺڶвͬƺ̲űŰģܹܹɣܹ¡
⡭
ֻɵѾǵмɵ³ȻԲС
Ȼ
ǵͷŵǧȫڶɵһɲǣǺڶͬһá
䡭
޴Ӻڶ˳
顭
ǵ۵˫ȭͬʱοٵغˡһ죬ջһƬһʧ֮˲ɶŵſȥǵԶ
˵ɫƽƽƺ˫ղŸûнһ㡣ǵ۵ıȻƽȴ֡
ʱѾʵȫеʶأءʵ𾪣ͬʱҲһ˿־塣
Ҫ֪һصʵɱص躣ʵѾﵽأǵ۲ءڳǰû˿ơ
ǵ۳ֹϣֲܹɱԷʱ򣬱Ҳʮֹϡųһ֣¶ЦݣϲųΪӢ
Ҳǵڷźǵ֣Ҳ¶Цݣл
һУֻһоڵǵȴϵЩӢĿ˳ݣϴ󣬹Ȼ
ȥǵۺȻؿڵ·ͳǶûмѡ
Ҳ¶ȻЦݣ룡


1134
·ȥ̰һƣȻǵ߽ӢĴ
̰ǺѾΪӶŵҾʦûа취˸ûǸֹۡ£Ӣдǵ齻Ҳʮַġ
Ȼ̰Ǻ˷ֹ̰һӶŵרŴӢ֮£һȥдǵߡƺ˴һ˼һС
ʱֻ֮гǵˣҲû׳ǸλϣǺǵԶĬĬʵ˴ʱ׶Է˼
ԣӢǣѵ;ӢѾͬѾźͰǺ½аʵȻ˵ֻгôһʣǳʵսֲʵ߿ռϷ硣
˫Ĭ˴Լӵʱ䣬ͻȻڵǵְۣɣ
ǵ̵ͷεġ
֮أ
£գȻһսն˵
η֣
ƽ֣ƽ˵ҪеǺսǺսۡ
УǵҡͷǺսƽ֡սʱǻܳԿ
΢΢üͷ˵ǵ˵ĲûеȻ˫һս˼ȻὫǺսָ߶ꡣ˫ǺսµĻ󣬿Ǻսʡ˼ңӢǵҪĿľΪǺսԴǿпޡ
һϵȴȥѣͲҪӢϵԴҪľǺս
ɣѰ˼һҪеǺսº֮Ҿ뿪Ӣǹ㡣
ǵ۵ɫһ㶣ϸؿųֳ꣬ûаЦӣвɰѵӢǾΪЩǺսǲУӢǽԼԼܹƿԴԼΪʲôΪԴ𣿡
ΪʲôǵջʵһУﲻ̤ʵ
Ҫ齨һӶţǰδеӶšȻ˵
ǵ۵һ̾˳˵һӶţӴĽӣһӴĽӣûǸʵҪٶȽ⣬ȻҪ
ûǮٶȻ졣
ǵһУ̵ͷã㷢ģ
ãҷģ
˵ԻǷǳҪġȻԲǾԵԼǵ۾ԼѾ͸˳˼ټԵԼӦû⡣귢ϣվЦų֣ҲЦ֣˫Ĵһ
ʲôʱжǵʵ
ǵȫ˰ɣʵ

Ǿжն˵Ҫ飬õ㹻Ǻսȥֵ̽ϵ
ֹһ£ǵ˵Ӧ֪³µ֮⣬һʶغһء
ţͷ
ֻɱµۣеǸʶؽǰǣǸһؽЩ˫ȫѹ¡
ã
ڳʹĴӦǵȴһ㶣Ӷŵ˽⣬ֻгһʣǸµʰһ˭ȥ
ѵ׼ȥǸһأ

Բܣ
Ȼ۾һ˵躶սʱѻ֣Ҳ̸۴£˴߳˴̰ƺ׼ӶŵľӢͰȥ¡
Լյʱ⣬ӢѡһЩӢӶŵһʮҵǺս밵ǵǺսһµĴӪȥ
ڰ֮ǰѾѻ˳ȥٶȣǵǱƽ´ӪʱѻѡλãȴǸһس
еǺսм䣬ǵǵ۵ս͸»صϿմʱƮʮǺսڳһӭе̬
֪򣬶Ҳõ׼һ㣬ǳ껹ǵ۶ԾҲµδ֪ӶŵĴڡϾǾǰµٶȺܿ죬ܹǰǾѾˡ
ǵۣһǺսϵϴµ۵շӢ
ǵۿһ۳꣬ͷǵ۷Ц˰ɣ


1135
ˣµһƾշӢЩ;ʵˣ
ҾãΣǵ۵ŵش˳ȥ
ǵۣµ۵ǲ²𣺡˫ͲҪдģսˣдһΣ
ʤΣǵ۳ʵ
Ǹóʮ㳡Σµ
ã
ǵӦһǺսȥĻаеǸغһЩӶսҲµۺһЩ
ݡ
µۺǵ۵ſտм仺طȥͣ˫ƶµ۵۾΢΢۷¶һ˿ЦݣǵۣҽյҪʲộȻҵǰơ
ǵЦ˾֪
䡭
˵Ѿ۷壬˲ײһ𣬷¡¡֮˵ξŶԷײ˹ȥ
ս˲ͼһ˵Ŀⶼе֮սǶһʶغһһҲ⡣
顭
еսԽԽңÿһÿһʽÿһ˵񣬱˵Ǹһأ궼Щ档
顭
ѻǹǵʱǸµһѾԴǸһرԴ˲䣬ǵǸѾŶǸʶس˳ȥֻ˲㵽ǰһȭ˶Է
ɱ
ӶźͰǵߴһǺսڳ˳Ŷɱ˹ȥЩҲ׷״Ǻսڳ˳˫ܹǺսϵΪµۺǵ۾м˫ֻܹǺս
ȺУŶ˹ȥξµۺǵ˫ֵĵطܽʱǵҲȫؾµۡ
ǵۣ㱰ɣµһ߲ʽһ߷ŭغȵ
ǵۿЦµۣǾһսɡӽԺӢֻܹʣһˡ
µ۵˫ȭȻʹһȦ

Ȧǵۺ˹ȥһ̣ǵ۵ҰУǸͲֻȭͷɽ壬ײ˹
ߣ
ǵһ˫ȭҲͬʱĵغһţĿſеʣǵȻȫҲֻǱеԪǳȭûչʾǵۻء
Ȼŭµʹĵƣֻµ˫ֺһȻŶǵն¡
ֻ˲䣬ڳоͷ·һ£Ŷǵȥ
䡭
ǵҰһȭȭǳҡҷ
顭
һǰǸصǰأǸصһ֮ķѣʱ˫Ŀ֮лһŵģʵǲ׶ԷôͻƱ˴ǺԼһһ
ಡ
νһ֮Ͽշ
һһʧ
һһ֣
αѾµ۵ı󣬶ʱµ۵ںǵײ֮ˣû뵽һͻȻɱʹˣµ۵ķӦҲν죬ڿмתһȭӭ˳ȭͷ
䡭
ȭͷײ˫嶼ź󷽷ˣµ۵Ŀ¶֮ɫû뵽͵Ϯϲʱڷ˵ĳϿЦݡ
µ۵оһо˴ǵƿյʱѾˣԼˡʱپֻһ;
ܣ
µ۴ʱΨһ뷨Ҳ˲丶ж༲ɶȥ
˵ʵµҪܣǵ˻סϾµҲһءԻҪɱȴǺѡ
ǡ
µǧ򲻸úͳһȭһȭͨ
ոɳȥһУʹڱһһİһŵһ졣
һǿһһһ죡
顭
ֻǳػͨһʱµ۵Ѿʧȥ˿ƣŵˤȥѾ࣬඼ѾѣϢڷɿš
顭
µ۵صˤ˵ϣԡµų꣬ʱǰ˭ˣΪɷϵֻгֽԷڣܹĹ躾ֹ֮¡
ǡꡭ
ͷûµеâȫʧȥ˹ʡ


1136
ۡ
꽫µڵĴԪռץ˳ȥȻһȭ䱬µ۵Դȴµ۾Ȼûн飬źҡҡͷӢϵ߻
ಡ
ǵ˳ԣµ۲ûн飬Ҳûµ۵ĴԪռ䣬Ȼ˳Уôó
̧ͷȥµǸߣѾµôܻ
ȴǵǸסʱ򣬴ӵ䴩ͷ­ࡣ
ʵµ˳ʧȥ˶־һӿһŵ䣬һ߸ţͶ
Ͷ

ӶźͰֹ¿ʼʱȥˡӶźͰѾָʮǺսȫ꣬ЩǺսҲۣԳõԴͺ٣󲿷ֶ˰ǡ
ԭЩҪͶǸȫƾԼҳȷظ֪ǣӶŲӢǣȵգͻ뿪Ӣǡȥʲôط겢û˵
ֻ֮һͶӶţϾҪ뿪Ӣǣû˵ȥʲôطһжδ֪֮߶ѡӢǡȻӢǻңǱϾϰ
ǵۿΪɴ࣬ԭЩķһͳ꿪Ц
ųӢǣһиԸ㡣
ڰֵӢǸͲһ֮أǵҲ᳤ġ
ǰǵ̾ϢһܹȥȶռһЩԴ˵ɡֻҪԴﶼȥá
ͷҲΪԴҪڵһвΪԴ
ǵۣʲôʱԸգ
ǵ۳˼һµǸոճ£һʱɡ㲻ô뿪Ӣǰɣ
Ҳãͷʲôʱ򹥴գʱ֪ͨҡ
ã
ǣ
ʱѾڵһǺսȡ˳ѾаʮǺսеӶŵפطȥ
صԭӢפأ뵽չص״̬ӶŵȴԭӢͶ߿ʼؿԴΪ֪ʱ뿪ӢǣչһЩһЩ
һ££¡
ڽ۷״̬ڼܹʳһŰ׽
䡭
꿪ʼͻˣһͻƼͻƵأϢ˳ȥ˳ȥһ̣ʶͻȻ˾ҵ𵴣ʶӵЩһ˿˿ٵ־
Щһ˿˿־ľӢǵĸƮеĴҶϣеĴӲݼϣеĴʯڣеĴӴ
Щ̲־ľӢʷġ
Ӣʲôط
ӢǼʴսսÿǼʴսﶼ֪ߣ߶ܹǵľֻЩ־ǿ˲ܹһ˿س֮ϡ
ЩѾʧȥʶȴ־ÿӢ̨ͻƵ߶ںһ˿˿ִ־ľֻںϵٶѡ
ִ־ľŷͬһĺô԰ؿʶһߵľΪĿľؿʶЩ־ľܹһ㡣Ȼʧȥʶȴ˼䣬γһ˿־Ĺؼ䣬ֻҪܹںһ˿־Ȼʹһμ䣬ľȻͻõľһ̶ȣʶıϱȻ飬ؿʶ
кܶͻƵʱܵӢͻƣĿľܹͻƵʱزһ˿˿־ľ
ЩƽʱǸ޷յģֲֶֻͻƵʱزʱǲŻ֣һߵʶ룬ֻҪԸնپܹն١
ֻҪںִ־ľף̻ߵľߵľĹʱ򣬱㲻ܹ־ͻᱻе־˺
ͨÿͻƵʱҲܹں˿ľʷ˲˾˿
ʱڷڵĴϣΧԪۣȻͷγһ޴ԪУӳİٻѨ˽ȥĴ־ľԪţԽԽ࣬ȴųա
ִ־ľǳֻ֣Χȴ뵽ߵʶͷųȥǣ
һж֪Ͳ֪ӢͻƻֺôҲûзЩ־ľֻڷԪתԪŵӿȥ
չ
΢΢üͷ˲ͬͻƵʱ򣬵ڵԪ֮ͻƾͻεѾͷϵԪȻŽתƣǾȻͬڵﱻԪע֮Ԫбɢȥ
ʱɽעעͷϵԪУͻȻһָоǾһֺ겻ɽԼľͷ˳ȥоһ
оӴ־ⲻһ־־־Ԫ֮Уҵľ̽ʱͷԭɢȴƵԪת
ʢԪֳ˳壬꼱æŨԪھתȻڵʮѨڹעȥͬʱҲоԪÿһ˿ƺһ˿־һ˿־ƺ
굱²ԥԼľȥһԪеһ˿˿˳ųľ뵽ʶ֮С
䡭
˿һ뵽ʶ֮УɢͬŵӰһͷһĻĻǸһľͷںսϵľͷһĴֺߣսϳɱţһǰֱƬ
һĻ࣬һĻĻʵڳʶлطţͬһ㣬ľŲСǳ귢ִ־еļǳԼľԼľͷ·ǵأͷЩ־еǿҵļҪĵڵĵܣЩĹʱԼҲҲЩ䡣
һܣǾֻҪԼһֱоЩ־䣬ôԼͷϵԪоͲʧѾóϵԼڹעԪԼڵʮѨڵǳϵ׳
Լܹϵؿһ˿˿ǲľڲϵһܹٶԼʵѾˣͻƵʱγԪУصһִ͸ʮѨ֮ڵǳٶԶԶسԼƽʱǳҩٶȡ


1137
ܹһֱһ־ľͿһֱ弶۷壬ǸʱľΪҲһﵽҪȫͻƵ
ֻһ룬ʵû˿һֱϵرͻе״̬Ҳǳô룬ô붼ᡣ
ΪҪ״̬ͱ벻ϵظس磬Ҳ˵Ҫϵظʶ侫ĵľôܣ
ԱȫܣǶԳȴȫܣΪһҺѾܾûҺˣǸˡ
һ֮󣬺ԥعͨҺǾԴԴϵؽ뵽ʶȻ̽һ˿һ˿־ľ
һ˿˿ţۿһһҪһĻĻеǽĳ棬еǵһνǣеͻƵһɲǣеĵһɱˣеǡ
һĻĻָǧٹֵĳڳʶ·ǧͬľΪڲϵ
ķ֮⣬Ѿۼ˺ܶߣÿһ߶ֵų귿䶥ϵԪС֪ǳͻˣ֪ѾΪһأͻƵӶŵ˷ΪǿǸӵذȫΪأڶҲûĸӶţӶŲȥǣǾѾҪոˡһ壬ȻأȴҲӶţοеͼҺͳ껹ǺѡԣֻҪӶԺŭԹ飬㲻Σա
ǡ
ʱѾˣǿʼˡ
⡭ͻƵʱҲ̫
ⶼͻһ˰ɣ
ôûн
ͨһͻҲǼСʱ飬гûû˵ģⶼһʱ䣬ûмԪС
ѵˣ
˵϶ǣĿתǾ޴ԪУʱǸͶǳӶţѾʹҴһƬĽ̩Цλõģ
ৡ
˵Ŀȫڽ̩ϣ̩Це˵ûӢǲ֪ӢͻһҶ֪ӢһǼս֪ٴǼʴսǼʴսв֪ߣЩ֮һЩ־ǿ֮ˣЩʹһ˿̲־һ˿ҲΪ־һ˿òɢӢǵĸЩƽǷֲ˵ģֻͻƵʱܹ֣һ˿ԼʶͻԼľֻҪ㹻ϵ뾫ͻƾͲ
˵ϴڲϵ뾫Ƽʵ
̩Ľ˵ϴľǿҪǻĸɾˡ
ľĵʵ
Ȼˡϴľĵܹ뾫ʱͻȻͽˡ
ƻжã
š̩°Ѹ˵ϴľӢͻƵߣҲټְʱ䡣
ôǾ͵Ȱɣ
ƽһЩҲƽҴʱۼڳķ⣬עݶϷԪУȴųء
ʱȴǿĵ˼㣬ľڲϵӣҲڲϵǿؿϵٽƽͬʱʮѨѾСǳӣڼٵŨԪҪ󶼲ܡ
֪Уȥʱ䣬ֻԼʶһ飬ʶؿֻ˲оԼľѾﵽء
ֳһƾɨһԼ壬ʮѨڵǳѾ󵽴Сִ˲ƣڲϵǣһ˿˿뵽ԼʶڣȻЩա
Ѿˣǲϵرʽ̩⾿ô£̩ҲĺˮȫȻ˵һ
ԭӢЩߴЩ˺ͽ̩˵ĴͬС죬ȴȷӢϴûͻôʱˡƫƫͻƵʱǶԱ˾εģǾҪ鿴
ҪǴȥɣ
ƿӶҲܹͳйصľʱҲǳìܣҪȥֺ¸ŵ˳ꡣ
ȵȰɣ̰ͻȻڵԪûʧ֤û¡
˵ɫһ̶ֳϲá
ǰԪûʧһƽȣ֤껹úõġֻûмͻôõ˰
е߶ûʧվ棬עǸ޴ԪС
겻֪֪Ҳ֮ͣ;ľģΪҪʱĻۣȫԪԸ׽ܹԪͻͽ̫ߣԪ͵ͻƵٽ㣬ǲľľЩܾúܾöòͻƵ߲ľľ
ѵõļôܴ
Ҫǻͻƣ;ĸɾȽͻˡͬԴԴϵľͽʶڵľݽߡһ˿һ˿ؿ̲־ľ
ʮȥ
ľѾﵽأʮѨڵǳһδﵽͻƵıԵ
ǳʱȴԥ֮УΪʮѨڵǳȻѾͻƵٽ㣬ֻҪʱԸ⣬ͻƵأЩǳıȴһ𣬿Щ顣
֪ȱʱĳʱѡͻƣսһЩȻǳҪĽ᲻˶־̾ϢһջǾͻƣս½þͻƵòʧ
еԪڿʼɢˣһӶǲ֪꾿ʲôֱеԪʧǵĿⶼڴ֮ϡ
껹淢ЩźʵѾﵽ۷壬۷Բǳе۷壬Ҫʱĳǲϵս
ţ
Ѿ۷ĳظоźܶˣ̽˳ȥķһ׳۵ľ˶ھĴţϴ֮ɫɫһ£漴ȻԼͻƵʱ̫һЩôеġ
꼱æվ˳ȥĿų۶´һӾվ˳ǰ
꣬û°ɣ
ʦû£¶Цݣ֪ԼҪһͣùԼ˼ġ
ֻǷͻƾȻľϵĻᣬԾͶһ
ϴǶһ˹֪ͻ˶𣿡


1138
죿
ʮ죬ʮ죡ƿŵָͷ
ɣҲЩ㶣ͻƵʱȫʧȥʱ֪Լ˲ٵʱ䣬ȴû뵽ŵʮ졣
Ƕʮ죡ͬ˵
ԼҲЩת˲˵˵λԺͻƵʱ򣬾ӢǼֱͻƵá
ƵȴҡҡͷǲͻôõģͻƼȻŶ⸣ǾһҪͻơ
˶ʮ죬ҲЩƣʱĳڽͻ֮󣬲ŷԼҲƣ˰Сʱұ׷ɢȥ
ͻ֮ÿһߴĥԼһǵԼֹգսдĥЧĳǴϢȴ˵ǵһֱæϵ̡
ֹȥһ£Դµ֮Ѿȥĸ£ڵĸµʱҲǱͻƼˣܶ߷׷ͻƣͻƵЩ߶漶ߣȴûһͻƵġ
д½˵ʵҲ߼־ԶͻƵ˼ͻƵżѾﵽż۷壬ӳѾõͻķڲϵسͻ֮С
ͻƵЩҲϲǷֹȻͻƻŶĸܹľϵΪһȫҪգҪȥѰרĵ
˵£ǵڳˡͳֹյ顣ֻǴʱǶһص⣬ҪͻϮµͻϮյѾˡµʱյŪ˳ݡ
ǵѾ̽յ۸Ͱڳһص̬ȣµǵ
Ȼ
Ҳǵµۣ֡
ЩͷۣǵֹգҲǴգʧһܴ󣬲˵ԱʧǺսҲʧܴӢǸʲôΪǺսò׵õǺսˣǵɱյΣ
ǵ۵ǼֹաȴһֱûдӦȫսʹŰʮǺս뿪
ճȥսգԳǵҲûзԡóյ˾֮ûʲôá
ǣյ۷һʼû뵽յֱӾܾˡյҲǳȷظ߳꣬γ꣬Ϊǳǵɱµۣյۺͳ굥ʱ˭֪ǵۻ᲻ͻȻ֣
Ӣǣûй򣬲ɷ֮Ĺյ۵ĵĲûеֻصԭ㡣ǵԿЦ
ô죿ǵۿЦʵ
˼һµǲܹϴֱŶԷĻعǵʧܴ󣬲ִյΧʼɨջصΧȫɨɾʣһأӭս
ǵҲͬصͷյҪڻأΧûʲôЩ֮ľ͸ûʲôǼʮǺսҳҵǺսȫԽȫߣҲ̫ʧջΧҲʧȥӢϵһԴԸ͹ӢϵԴȫģܹʲôʱ򣿡
ǵ뿪ˣ˫׼ʼʳյֻҪյ۲ǾͷֿյһΧյԴԼ˭ľ˭ġ
ǵ˶ǳСģûзɢԼʵȫ濪ʼգǽʵеһһһع
ӶŵϺͻƵѾнٸӢļʮѾ˶٣ȻںµսһЩµҲһЩͶӶţӶѾжʮ߸漶߾͸ˣԭӶӵе漶ߣӢͶ漶߼ͳ
ɴ漶һµ߶ԼĵڿռԴʹ漶ߺٶʻŰʮǺսʼһվݵ㷢˹
Ĺ֮£յĵֿͬ߹һ㣬ȫûеֿó׵عһݵ㡣
ȻǼڿռԴ¼Ϊ๤һݵ㡣һߵǵ۶ҲѸٵ̲յһ̡

д½
һֱĸͻȻͣΪǿгһ㣬ȻңԶȴܹѸٵؽӽ档


1139
ˣ
д½̻
ڵһʱ佫һЩӢӣԼͽܻء
ͬ飬Щܻػڵصںװãþɨ費͸˵ˡ
֮
ʮǺս򣬲Ŵ򿪣һߴ˳ɢǿϢд½ڼ̵ʱһαūۣĩǻĺڰһαūĺڰ
Ҳūۡ

úǽյĸߴվۣ֮ſȥ
ޣ߾Ǳƽеɣ

յϱֳ˷֮ɫҪҪȥ̽һҶЩȲˡ
ҡҡͷҪΪСƽ棬ʵͲʺ̽ƽ档ǻͨ壬üǿԽӡ
Խӣ̽ս𣿡
Ȼǣ˵һƽ棬ֻΪĳԭͨͨһպϣǸʱƽٴȫǲռĳջҪؼҵģҪľӶᣬԡ
յ˫Ŀͷų˷ܵĹâҲ֪ΪΪ֮۵ĺͨ졣
żԽӵ֮ҪԽߣȴӶᣬȴԣ
εؿһգҡҡͷˣ巢ϢٵȵԽӵҲҪһʱ䣬׼һ£ҲҪʱ䡣Ҫľǽд½͵ȫͳЩ͵ȼΪڿռԴ
յͷǷ֮ʱץһЩ׳ļȥ䵱ū׬ˡû뵽Ȼһ͵򣬸ޣ˵λȥһǵְλɣ
޵Ҳֳһ˿˷ܵǵĹףְһġ
̫ˣռػһȭͷ

ɷϵ
Ӣǡ
ǵѾֹյһ̣յҲ֪ŲǸ취ҳǵѾͨʼյۣǲȥյĻأҪڻ֮ڡ
ֽյ۲ܹܣʧȥӢеĵƣֻػʲôãһһΧĻأ
մӦ˺ͳ굥սյһĵص㲻Ӣǣɷ֮ɷǡǵͻȻ͵Ϯ纣ɷ̨κθţһԹƽľص㡣
ڶӮˣյĻظ꣬ҲͶꡣӮˣӶȫͶա
һʹشӦˣڶȴûͬ⡣ĽǣӮˣҪյĻأҪֻҪеǺսյߣԸͶģգԸͶģǿͬյӮˣǺսֻһţĶաӶŵԸյģӶŲֹǲԸģҲǰȫ뿪
յͬˡ
յۺͳͬʱǵһҪҲǰɷǹۿⳡΪ˫ǵ۳뿪Ӣǵʱ
ǵҲʹشӦ˵֮ǳյֶԾҲܹ
꣬ǵۣյ˷ǳɴࡣ˶еӢǣֻһǼʹ˾Ǻսɷǡ
ɷǡ
̨ÿնΪ֣һǳ״̬ͬĩ֮ǰϵȭһ㣬ֻҪμеΪƵԭֻҪʤһͻõϾҡеһЩΪʵԵԼڶ־Ϊĳԭ˾
̨о漶漶һµߣ߾Ѿˣ֮ǰܹ˵ûУͨʮܹһξͺ˲ˡ
ʡ
Ѿվ۷壬۷ĴڣܹΪʵ˶ˣûбҲбԼһСͶĳõܸߵĻرʵҲͨǸõģҪǴʶףҲͱϧײಫԵ֮ŻɷϵĹۿ
񵱳յ۱ʱ̾ĸ߲㣬ǫ̃̄ϰҲԼˣ纣ĵܵɽܿ챨ǰ˵ʱ˷ֻҪúһܹ׬һʣ˵ֳƱǮΧΧĶעǳתȨܹ׬һʡ
˵ʵһغڣһغ۷͸˷ˣȼ˵Ǽʮ꣬ǼҲѵһءԴ׬
ȵٿ˵ֱ֣Ц춼ϲ£ˡɷϵǷ
һӢֻ֮صյۣһǵһնɱ躵ĳ֮꣬ͻȻð˳Ǹͷ
ˣҪˣɽԼⳡһºȻⳡɷϵÿ䶼֪һºⳡ
ɷϵַͻȻ˸Ȥ˵ֻж̶̵ʱ䣬꾹ȻѾصʱ򣬸˷ܣ˵ĶҲһ˿ֲյ۵ʱе˼ֱǼ߿ʼӿɷǣɷϵеʶӿɷǣ˾֮ʼ߶żǿЧʱȼ߶ԴսȤĵ̨ں̸תȨĵ̨Ҫɷյۺͳ꣬Ǿ㶼˾ܾյۺͳʣҲҸɳ飬ֻܹϵ룬ϣܹˣ˴ʱδϣЩߣ
ա
Щ߸ϵʶ˿̨ϣֻһٲָ߽ʲܹڡ
˵Ľܣյۺͳֱվ̨
̨ʮʱ䰲ͬտһ㡣˸һµʱ䣬ҲԼ״̬ڵ۷״̬˶ӶԷп޾ս⣬˲ҪɱԷͨս׺ʵԼȻͻƵߵľ硣
ظоյ۵Ĳͬһɨе˷ܸŨŶյһֵϲ
յ۵ͷȻεͷųԼƣغ۷ӿƵ˶·øߴ


1140
⡭յͻƵ۷ˣ
Ӹÿˡ
һյ۲һ𣬿²ÿɣǳᱻ׵ɱ
ܹô˵ѵ˵ֻһؾɱص躣
ǲһˣѻڰѻźܴãƾų꣬ʤһ躡
˵ĲǴξһأأ˫ȼأյأֻһȼҿóꡣ
˵
˵źãܹüҡ
ˡ
̨֮ϣҲͷ˳غ۷ǿƵ˳˵̨ײȻ졣
꣬ǽͺúôһյ۵ֻ۾ͬС̫
ã۾ҲͬԵǳ
顭
յ۴̨֮һֻһ;겻ףһȺ˳ꡣһȭ֮ʣһ̫֣ͷҫĿĽ⣬ʱ˸оһȭ֮ԵüΪСұۺȻһȭ˳ȥһǳһȭڿ˲Ŵһֳײȥ
䡭
䣬һ̫Ȼ飬һ˳ļǰأߣ첲ȡ
ǳͬʱҲˣǹ⣬յۼȥǹײûȴ貵Ĺâͬǧ̨̻֮ɢ
ֻ⿪ʼĵһζײÿ̨ϵĹڿһ־ֵȫûԼһ˿Ԫ㶼۷һҲֻ֪Ԫ۷һԶԶδﵽ۷һ
Ԫںϵ似֮Уǲ۷һ似Ҳи֣֮еĹųյ˻ûó似
ǹײķ˽յ۵һ֮Ͼ͸һ⣬ǽ֮ڻһڵ㣬̫ͬһ㣬ţһȭǺڵ㱬ըһᱬ
顭
һڵ㱬۵ĽͬһƬ𺣣ֻڻ𺣵İ£ֱۣͬôִޱȡ
յٴһȵų籡ŶԷһƬ棬ܵȡ͵˼£·һҽ
ûмҲûкôǿĶֶһȭѾ˳еļʶ
˸͵һȭ˫Ŀӵ񾭳׵˷ȻƵҲ֮֮ϲӲӲ
һ̡
еۣǱ˲俪ǳļʣǼʵˣյЩǼӡһ̱˳һȭ˳
һ̡
ǳȭһʽǳ׹ѾƽʱһǳҪ֮ǰĸӾ޴󣬺ݺݵײһƬҽ֮ϡ
䡭
ҽǳײǳǰѹҽҽӿĻǳյ۵Ļҽ˳
ȭҲ˳˫ڲϵײоԼ˫۶ʼ飬һ̳ŷ֣غ֮Ĳ࣬Զغһ֮þ޴һصأֻʳڣеޡصѾڣ֮Ĳ֮ͬ
䡭
˫ûһ˺һ磬ŲͣغԼȭͷѾײ˰ȭȭ󣬳оܲܣʱ˫۷飬˫綼ʼʹʱóףյ۾ԲͨأҲһܹԽսĸ֡
ͬʱյ۵Ҳ𾪣ȫû뵽ᵲȭ֪ܹԽսǲû̫أΪҲһܹԽսߡǽȴһصʵȻӲһȭȭ
ҿܹã
յ۱һ˫۸͵
顭
ھܲסԷĺȺ˰벽Ȼֻǰ벽ȴʧȥƣÿڶһ̾һˣ
յ۵۾ҲһȻѾʮȭо塣һԼѾӮⳡ

͵˫ȭͻȻ˫ƣͬ˿ߣߣȴ̫еĽ˿
˫ߣ˫紩ߣ˲֯һŴյ۸档
̨ϵйڶһһ㶵ģղŻǴ󿪴ϣһȴüᡣ
˿ͬ֩˿յ۲ơ


1141
յͬһֻͻȴУһȻ޴ʹÿһȭ˿⣬ǽ˿յ۵ȴԽԽ
˳ȥİ벽˻ʧȥֱ˻ÿ̨ϵߵһصӣֲεսУһʧȥƣһ˿ƣҲᱻԷһ˿ƽʤơ
˭Ҳû뵽ʧȥƵʱ򣬾Ȼٰܹ
ôҴ۽磬һǸһȫͬķ񣬿˵ȫ౳ķһ𣬲¡˿ֱ񫡣
ձ
յ۴һ˫һͬһ޴ųºͬһ̫ը
˫ֱøᣬ·ԵĲǱѵյۣһ˯ĺӣֻ˫Ѿڿл˲Ӱһ˿ӵܼѾﵽܲ͸磬ˮòľ硣
һǳ֮ӳ˫֮չ˳ȥͬһֻֻ֣յչơ
ʱյ۵ֳ˱ɫоԵĲһˣһֵ㣬Ĵֲ˫ȣ˫ۣͷ­
յ۵ͻȻһֲĸооԼȥᱻײƵͬһ룬ᱻƵһܹ

յ쳤Хϱ޾棬һ̳ױǱѹƵķ
һȭ֣ٶȣһֳԽٵļ١ټޱȵյ۴ʱٴεӣǰδеܡ
顭
ӵΪʲôܹˣӵӵٶȡٶȴﵽ˼£ĵ˿ֲ
һ˿ϵյ۵ͬһһ˺˳ȥ˿С
ǸӰڿȻһͣȻͷ½ϣųײ˹ֻȭͷͬź˵ֻ˲㵽˳ͷϡ
˫ϥ΢˫ȭһʽ˫ŶԷȭͷӭ˹ȥٴ򱬣еĹڶɴ۾ȴ˫ȭͷײ𺳵һ̡
ǡ
ϷеӰͻȻʧˣ˫ȭֻǺյ۵ĲӰһٴ򱬵ͷҲص·˫ưأֻź˳ȥ
顭
ȴڿе˲һ˫˷˳ȥǶߴĶߵеյ۵ӰӶû
ʱĳҲվǰһ㱣Χյۣʮ˸յ۽Χм䣬ÿһյ۶ʮų˹֪յ۵ٶ̫죬γɵһӰӣһӰ˵ʵȫֲ١˫Ȼ쿪Ȼٵת
顭
˫ײײ˷ԽԽߡ֮ǰǳĽ˿סյۣʱȴյޱȵٶΧꡣ
ಡ
ǳſзȥ˲ıʱʮ˸Ӱӣͷ½ϣһȭ
ǳȭڶʽǳ˸
䡭
ǧǳ·ʮ˸Ӱ׹䣬ʮ˸Ӱ˲мںϣںϳһˣֳյ۵Ρ
顭
յ۵˫̨һ壬αͬһڵһؼеĳꡣ
ٶȣεӵȴյ۵յ۵ɱյ絶޾ɱϵӡ
ɱʵ絶ɣųն˹ȥɱдŹǺ·ԩںС
ֱֺӰֵľǳľѾﵽأʱԻʧɱӰ֮Уյһ롣
֮֮
γ̨ϵһߣյ۵ȴ˲ٶʵ̫ˣͬһ㡣

ֱǱȹ߻Ҫ죡
ͻأʧͻأس̨еһߣյ۵Ӱȴܹʱسֳǰͬһ㣬̨һյȴͬһߣһ㴮̨֮϶յ۵ӰӰ
δ˱ֱľóһִĸо񾭶һҪơ
γˣ
̨ϵһų꣬¶һ˿ź˵һ漣ͻȻɷϵȻڶ̶̵ʱڳΪһأ֮һصʵɵص躣ʱڴһͻƵأѾܹ漣ˡ
ǡ
һҪ̨ˡⲻܲһһ˿ϧһ˿ź


1142
ʱλͻأسһϣȴԽԽѣΪ̨֮ϲյ۵ӰӣռԽԽС
ͻȻһ٣˫ǰƻƱһǺˮһǳۣͺˮ׷Ҹϡ
Ӵ˲˳ȥԭת˫ֲͣز˫̫֮ͼųεתȻγһ̫
顭
̨֮϶յ۵ӰΧųܼغȭͷÿһȭһ̨̫֮Ͻҫҫڡ
ܼĹȻܹƿͷŵ̫̫򽫳棬һڿٵ̨֮ϵҫҫ⡣
̫Ϸ·ϸСĺڶյͷųٵ׳Լʱţ̫ԽԽ
յ۵Ķͷ˺ˮҪڱĵطɵߡ̨޴ӡΨƴ
о̫Ŀֲ̫һĿֲǴʱֻܹͣϣԼĹܹ̫ܲס
ϵĹڽŵע̨֮ϵ龰̨֮ϳҫĿ⣬ȫӰ
ˣ
һθֳͷڹϯϵɷ֮纣Ҳ¶͡յۣȫܹյ۵ʵܹԽսȻյ۵ʵֻغ۷壬ȴܹսʤسڡ
Ҳǿغ۷յغ۷̶ȣѾ˳ļޣⷢˡ
пܵĻյ۵ֵһ£
Ȼ䣬纣ɫһ䣬ҰУ̨֮ϵм䣬ҫĿмͻȻðһ޴塣
Ǿ޴壬һǺˮһͣתһŻеܴǸ˳
⡭ʲô纣𾪣һ̫жһ˿η塣
˫ưƣǸų̫˳ͬһյײ˹ȥ
һ̡
յ۾͸оԼһ֣Ҫܸ޴ܡΨһܹľǷ磬Ψк磬ܹͻᱻѹ
յ۽µһ˫ЬӺȻ飬ʮֺץأȻ̨ץʮֺӡ˫ϥ΢ļ׵һ¡𣬼纣ӿӽŵϴ𣬳ۣ˫ƽһӡȻⷭ
ӡ
һֳǸ̫ײȥ
䡭
ǴӡֻǼ˲ͺȻ飬̫յ۳ײȥײյ˲䣬Ȼը
յ۵ʧˣһ˲㱻촷ۡ

곤³һҡһ¡ɫ԰ףڱ֮Ѫ̫ˣҴûн̫ͼ̫һ̳帺ɡ
ȡһƿҩ£һ̨߽ͨĻ˦
һӰվ˳ǰͣס˽Ų˶Է
һ޳òŮӣֻȴһư·һֻܹȥӡ
ߣ
䣬תߡֻ߳һͣΪֳûжÿüëɷ֮Ҫ㣡
ɫ΢΢һ㶣ͷٲǰȥǸŮӵֳһ˿мΪ纣ţǿߣ纣ֺ󣬶ԹԵزҷ
̨ͣȴҲ죡
̤̤̤
߸Ьûڵϣ֮ڳַ飬һĸǰţδ˷ƿ˷˽ȥ
ֳһ˿죬ŮϵװͿŮһ飬龹ȻŽȥҲ򵥡ջеľ죬ƽؾٲ߽˰֮ڣŰһɨ
ӣһһꡣ
ǸʶסȴȻʧɫȫû˵Ĺâ䡣
纣ȻֻɳϣڳҰȴֻܹһˣһУǸŮףеһжС
䶼·ֻ纣һˡ

򵥵һ֣ȴͬ³ԣһصľʶڷڣǿֵһֵĳ̹ͨڵҺһЩߵ纣Ķ˶¡
ֱͦ˶纣ֻǴʱȴر˼£纣ȻûйͷʲôϢȴɽѹ
纣ֳһ˿ͣ׵ֳһ˿𾪣ǸŮȫĲš
̫ǿ纣ʱ򶼻ΨΨʰصҲ¶ȻǰĳȻ͸¶ŵϢǾûΨΨŵŵֽŲһֳĽţһʱ׼Ľš
ɣʱ纣Գ֣Իᷴǿ޴롣
ʲô˰Ȼɷ֮ǰˣȻˣ
ӶżԼң纣˵
ҡҡͷǸŮ۾иźܾˣȻܾˣôҾܾΪʲôһССأƾʲôܾ
ҲԵһ㶣ʱ򣬾ͱܾȫû뵽ܾԼĸסҪ֪ɷϵ߶ԱΪ١
纣ȫͬĸ纣ˣԼҵĵλȻͬ
纣Ҳֳһ˿죬Ѿ̫ûбܾˡڷŭͬʱһ˿档
Ϊʲô
ûһ˿ףҲûһ˿纣ʸǸӣ㲻ӦҪһɡɲ֣ǿңңҾɱ㡣
ɣػش𣺡Ҳϲ
Ҳ㣬Լһкܴɣ纣̬Ҳʮ档
ǸŮһֱĸоûм纣һˣʲô𣿺ƽһ
Ҳ˵ˣһкܴɣζһвɵĵط
纣ĿһôҪ𣿡
ǣ
أ
ľһʱս׼
ɸҪ
纣۾΢΢һУ׺ǸŮ鶼Ϊ֪纣ʲôʱ
˵˵ĵ
͵͵һ纣˵ǻᡣû˿մ纣ӵ
ҵߵøԶһĳ壬ıһ֮ıܵһ˿Ҳߵ֮ۡ


1143
纣˳˼зǳšǱߵŮֳ˲ма㻹Ҫۣ֮󡴵֪ߵغ񡣡
һߵҲ˼ų֣˼Ҳܵ
㲻ͬҡͷԭģֻΪĶΪ
۾һųͷлл
ٴ˳ţã纣ʵΪ۷
ʱ΢΢ɣܹظо纣ûɱ⡣֯һԵһΪ͵ȵʵǿǱͫ
纣һһʵֻбͫ򣬿һĩɡһϾȻ˳ôһʣⲻԳҲ׺Ůһȫŵģ
ͫʲô
϶㲻ϣڵĿⶼų꣬ȴ˵ȥ
Ǹʱе۷ǱͫǵȵҴﵽ˱֮ͫ󣬱о۷ԲǱͫҹȻǼɲǼ۷塣һԵȥһԸߵȵ򣬵Ҳ֪漶֪˻漶ʱ򣬱ץסΪū֪ﻹʼʣǡ
Ŀ⾼ֱ纣ҸоʾԲ۷壬֮һһոµ硣
纣۾纣񣬳Ҳһ纣΢΢ʩǰܹ֪֮ʲô𣿡
纣۾ְȥ֪
˵۾¶֮ɫʾغ۷壬Ҳо֮ϻо磬ȴѰͻ֮
纣һֵԼ֮գڴʾ۷һ졣һ죬ɨԴǹͬѰͻ֮ϵ;
лɳ
纣˵ͻƵʾغ۷֮ǰҲκΰʹΣգɥʧ
Цˡ
ӦõģûмԼңԼûչҵ񣬶κΣնǶҵͿ顣ܹͨЩͿ飬޺
˵ĺã纣ٴ¶ͣȻɴ˵ˣ
ɫһ㶣ȫû뵽纣˸ɴֱ࣬ɴЩ顣Цվ纣΢΢ʩȻ뿪˰ᡣ
һǺսʻããǼʡ
ڲλڣԼ塣ֳϲɫͨյ۵һսѾȫʵغ۷徳磬صӢǵʱ򣬾Ϳ̱չͻƣԼʵغ۷塣
Աߵǵų꣬ӳһ˿־塣ۿ˳꽫յۺ촷ۡʱǳҪռӢǣûзء
Ըܹسŵ뿪Ӣǡ
ʱãƫͷǵۻûʧɫЦǵۣصӢ֮һȥյ۵£ЩǺսҵģûɣ
ûУԭģǵ˵
ǺãǺսۣȻյõԴ۳ǺսļֵöҾö١
ţҲԼݣ
յ۵£ԸߵһߣԸģҲÿЩҪ뿪ӢǵߣϣҲҪȥյһӰɡ
ã
ǵ̵ͷʱӿϲã˵֤ӶûӢǵ˼ӢǶСӢǵˡ
һӢǶһʱ䡣
ǵ۵ľһʲô˼
ҪӢͻơҲ֪ӢͻŶĸǺЦ˵
֮Ըǵ۽ô࣬Ϊ˴ǵ۶Լĵ⡣ԼͻƵʱͻȻǰɱԼɺܴ鷳³ûܵ˺ɱǵۣȴӢϵ־ԼľΪǶڳ˵ʧ
Ȼǵ֮ϵɫַǲĵ˵꣬ĲӢֻҪ֣ûٺǵĵλӢˡ
ҡҡͷҲµġҲºܾãӢǸͲһþ֮أʱᱬǼʴս
⵹ǣǵ۵ͷϣܹһЩʱ䣬ҶһЩԴ꣬ӢǾΪЩǺս
ţͷһӶûǺսӶ𣿸οҪӶšǺսûǸԾֻҪˡ
ǵҡͷЦҲǵһ㣬ǲҲ׼ң
صͷѾһٶǺսѾ㹻ˡҺ֮ӶûʲôʧҺ⣬лл㡣
ǵΨпЦ
ǺսӢǵĸۿڽ䣬ǵ˳
ǵ۶Գ껹ģ³굽Ӣ֮󣬳ֻһ𣬳ְɱˡ
ֱӷɵյĻأʱյѾת֪յѾɱջصΧפӶźͰǵߡǵ۳ڿеʱӶźͰǵ߷һҵĻ
յıݴ򿪣һ˳д֮һͶӶţ֮һͶ˰ǣ֮һѡ뿪Ӣǡ껹õʮǺսµԴǺͰߣǻصפؿʼչͻơ
˶εľ飬ͻƱʮ˳ֻǰʱͻƵأȻ㽫ʶͨڵҺʼǣ־뵽Լʶ
֮Ƶ˴ǺսսƷһǾͿչصݶǸԪУѾˣøʲôȥʲô
Ӷŵ˿ʼͳԸӶ뿪ۼӶŵʮ򣬶Щ˵ʵζУǵеҲǶԸ뿪ӢǣǶΪӶŻΪӢǵ֮һ֪ӶŲûӢǵĴ㡣һЩҵ
ðųŵԸ뿪ӢǵߣӶſԸͰ̸ǿͶǡһķʱͳƣԼʮʱ䣬ͳƳԸӶ뿪ܹˡ
ƱȥݼǵۣԼߵһ¡ǵһŵڷˣȷӶŻ뿪ӢǡЩǵȻͬ⣬ǰȥա
Ӷפؼžʣµһʼ뵽֮С


1144
ӶЩ֪һĿ꽫ѰЩ¼߻ΪǴӽҪӶΪһӶʵҪһͶ˽ŵ֮С
ɾڷʮѨڵǳѾ󵽼СѸٵ׳֮СľΪҲȲѾرƽʰصıϡ
ž
һʶһľΪʰأǸԪбøӾ޴óʵڼٵ
ľΪʰس۷ʱʮѨڵǳѾ˼£ʵغ۷塣
ˣ
صĵһǽƣˣ̰ǽе˸ǰȡǵĻ㱨
Ӷӵǧ˰ʮˣӵһʮǺսͼֵİʮƷϾʯ
㱨оһ⣬ԼһȺ˿Ǳץڻңֱһһץūνһס
أ
ӵ£һʮǺսİʮƷϾʯԿӶеߡ
빺һսǱ̫ࡣҪܹͺˣǱû㣬ҲܹȥͳˣԺɷϵҲѻˡ
Ӷ뿪Ӣǣǵ͡ӶŵǺսӢ֮ǵ۳³һǸˡ
ããǼʡ
һʮǺսڴУǺս֮ڣһ߶һһǺսװſͨʯĵͼͬʱÿսڵԱѵ
ȴûǺս֮ڣվǺս֮ϡ˫ֲͣţںһһ̫Сʱţ̫еһͬʱغ۷ľҲ𽥺ʵ
µʱ䡣
Ѿȫãã֮У޾ʷӡ嫵ƣ̫֮У֮̽ǰʱ򣬳ϵƸӵʵվ˵ĸо·һ磬غ۷ľȫʵǳѾΣӵ˰˿ǳ
ǰʯӶŵ߶ʱЩ¼Ҳ֪ӶžȻ⸴ӵʯҵһߣҷܹ汩ǴеĿľѰһŸƷ
Щ˶ܹҵһŸƷʯ汩ıǴս֮⣬ӵһƽһ飬û뵽ӶŸǴϣ
ʱǲ֪ͲҪһӶţӶŵʽ֣Ǹ˿ģʵĿѰһ԰
һ߶ſϴϿһǺսʻʯȻʻʯʻʯһɲǣЩ¼Ӷŵ߱һҵĻ
ǣⳡΪݣ̽뵽˽֮УΪǵǰ˿ֲ汩
ǿܼ羹ȻָʹɢǺսóһͨʱһαҵĻ
СʱһʮǺսһƬžǱˡǰľʵ̫ˣڼƵǳһϵɢ貵Ĺâ
̫ˣ
ÿ˶ס˺·һ˿ϢƻգеѾ˼ˮ
ÿ˶Ǿб֮ˣÿ˵ľʮֿ˵ӶеЩˣЩ¼ߣһ˿ᣬôȥӢ
ǰ뵽ԼδҸôܲ
һ̣
ǵҵѡ˸ֻ꣬и˳꣬ǲ˽յãѡӢǡ
ʵǲȥ
ಡ
һߴӲڷ˳ȥǿգһƬϵ˳ųϴ󣬸ϵְɣ
ԺϵжȻֳ˼ѿڶͽϵɣ
ϵ
ϵ

һ߶ţϽųЦݡ
ϴֱ̫ѧˣȡ̫ˣϴţ˳ų˴Ĵ硣
ϴǲ̿ʼѰ򣿡ƵдżĲÿһ߶Ŀ˳ꡣ
ȴûгĬĬվ˼ѾƮ˹硣
ϴϴ󡭡ƺһų꣬ΧҲֵųꡣ


1145

곤³һһˣȻ˵ʮǺսµǺսƺ˰ţʼѰ򡣡
ϴ㡭
ҪؼҿЩͳ
۾һҲֳ˼ƺ˶һ۵ϴȥ
ҡͷãǶѰҴʦǻؼҿϣһʱܹѾҵ򡣡
¶˾ģûܹҡʮǺս߰ٶд½߷ֱʮǺսһʮǺսʧϵУȻͷ汩ʻȥ
ʻ汩ʯʻŷǰ棬µľǺս˺档
죬ҪõһԾ㣡ǿյ
ң
Ǻãȥս棡
ǺսŻٶȣ򿪲ŷ˳ȥǺս֮ϡ˫Ų˵վǺսһμӿٶȣǳȴ˿
غ۷ľ練ʵԼʮ֮󣬳ϥǺս֮ϣʼʮѨڵǳͻơ
ųۣǺսмٷУ׷ų꣬γһǹ磬ͬһ޾һ׷ųꡣ
ǣûӢֻֻͻƵسڣͻơĬĬǺս֮ϣǳҩʼ׳ʮѨڵǳ
һԾʱ򣬳㷵Ǻս֮ڣͨԾ֮󣬳лصս֮ϣǳ֮
һ
ѾеĽڵ涴µʱǼŵС
ְꡣ
ǺսѾӽ˵ڵʱ겻ͣطǳҩͰ׽Լʵ۷塣ûȥͻƣŵȵɷϵȥӢͻƣõĸԴӴﵽ۷֮صǺս֮ڡ
һʱд½߰ٶڳṩҩİ£Ҳ׷׵õͻơرЩﵽ漶۷ߣͨԽͼ˳ȻҲ׷׸ǽԼͻʱľ飬˵ЩѾӵʮλ
̰Ѿﵽأһ߸Ѿﵽأأһأһон
µʵҲ߼Ѿﵽż۷壬ڳų磬־ԶҲﵽ˼˵Щ˵ʵѾԶ뿪֮ʱʵ
ϴ󣬿
ǰͻȻŴȥ㿴̫ϵҲǿεĵ
ڻϽ䣡
ǣϴ󣡡
ӦһʼʻǺսŻǷȥȻڻǵر
ϴΪʲôͣֱӷص򣿡콫Ǻս֮󣬲ųꡣ
΢΢üͷ֪д½״ڵд½˽٣˵ľϵǾʻǺս򣬻ܲȫҲڻĴ䣬ȥ򿴿
꣬Һһȥ¶ڴĿ⡣
ã
ûоܾŵ򸩳ȥֱķȥһֳΡ
Ȼ·ƣΧĻоʮֻ谵˳źͬ˳ǰһ֣·ƣΧࡣ
ĿĹˣΧľûʲô仯ֻȴϡ١żˣҲɫҴҡ
ûиͷžɨǰһֲĸо뿪ʱ򣬵򻹲ӣźܶˡֻһͣǾǵֱūˣˡ֪ǰ˶ʲôʵóȻͷž»ᱻ֡
˽ǽڵƹİӰţֱƶ˲
˶죬ûκ˷֣ûдͷž˳խС·ǰУÿ·һң㽫͸ȥ
һң澹ȻûˣҳܲһǺܾûסˡ
ĽŲͻȻͣڵҷˣһ̫̫һԼСü͸һɾ򿪣Ȼƿţ룬ֽŹϡ
һжž˲ûз˽ʱǸ̫̫ǸСڣҷǰ̧š
ŻˣǸ̫̫һѽǸС§˻ǸСȴҷ
ؽҵƿ˽ȥܺڣûеơƶĩǲеƵġǳȴܹؿֳ̫̫ļȿ־壬Ӱʵ˭
ȡһֵͲȻԼʵ㻹ܹϳ𣿡
û˺ǵ˼Ǹ̫̫ذһ£ϸشų꣬ͻȻһָųΡΡ˵㡭ǳ񣿡
رֵͲң
񣡡̫̫ͻȻҲֻǿһ״˵סس鴤
ĬĬվûȥȰ˵̫̫վȡ˴Լһӵʱ䣬Ǹ̫̫΢ȶһЩ˫ֲ˲ǸСҪظӡ
Լ
̰Ƶ£̫̫״Σ
̫̫ûлش⣬ĵʵ㵱ǱЩץѵǴֻˣ
ǣ˵Щ˶Ǹɱˡ㻹Ǹ˵˵״𣿡
ţ̫̫¶˳޵Ŀ⣺뿪֮ԼĹ⾰һˣֳūе˶ǿȥڿЩϵĺСľ
̫̫Ľߣŭ𡣵̫̫ȴҲ˵ЩǴд½Ǳ߹ģǴӵ߽ٵģ˵Щ˵ʵֻ֪Щ˶סڹ㳡Ǳߡ
ȡ˼ƿˮһЩԵ͸̫̫Ȼվ׼뿪Ǹ̫̫ΡΡųǻǵģ԰ɣ
ԣϵӦͶҪȥʰЩˣǵ˾ͿԼˡ
ãã˺ã̫̫ݺᣬųȥлллл񣡡
꼱æְַ̫̫ο䣬ź߳˷ţվС·ڣĿ˾㳡
ǵץһˣ


1146
Ҳͷǲ֪ڵϻʲôĸ֡
Ѱ˼һµӦûʲô֣Ͼߵ̫ˣи֣Ҳд½
ص˵ǻСһЩ
ţ
ͷ˵ʧ·ڣɿڰӰƶŹ㳡ķǱйȥ
˺ܿ˹㳡İӰǾҪĩ֮ǰĩ֮ﶼǷʩҪ
վһ¥İӰй۲ܣĽ䱸ǳɣ㳡ҲûʲôˣԶһΧǽΧĵطǵܲλãŴҲֻţûעܡ
˲ףΪ˸ûз֮Щ˸ûȻȫѵ˷վֻ߸ʽ
񲻽ǵˣд½Ҳˣ߰ٶֵ뿪õд½ȫûеֿ¶Էֻǳһܹɨд½
ԽԽǵģ֪ԼĸĸΣ
ô죿ʵ

ʮϤܿ˾ƵܲΧǽϴһۣûʲô̽װãаȫѵ˵һض¡
˵ͬһطɽΧǽ֮ڣ˲ûжǾضڰӰС
һСʱȥˣСʱȥˡ
һڼҲ˴ĳ߳һˣԳ˶ûжһ˵˳ȥ꽫һɨ˹ȥԷֻһ漶ߡڰӰƶţɿؽӽǸߡ
۷壬۷壬Ǹ漶߸ͷֲڷɿؽӽ۳һ룬Ȼ̽Ǹߵʶ֮СǸ˲˹ȥ˲䵽ĸǰһץס˲ʧԭأȥ
һƬ棬꽫Ǹӵ˵ϣȻ󾲾صȴǸ˵ѡԼȥ˰СʱǸ˹ͷųǸȫ˱ܹͨǸ˵ľ񲨶֪ĻǷʵ
Ǹ˷ӵų˭
ǵˣ˵ڲǣ㣬ֻʵʵػشͿˡ
ǸЦˣȻܹץ֤ǿ˵Ҳ˵Ҳֺα˵
ͷ˵е
䣬ֳһ֣Ȼһ˾ͳڣָǸߵϵ㶯˼£סǸߣԷɱֻ˵
Ǹߵϱ¶˾֮ɫȴ±ĥԭΪĥΪֻҪ漶ʵһᾪǵˣĲһ
û뵽ԷûиĻᣬһӱһİĵطʱ΢ЦضǰǴǵ˰ɣǸϰɫʹ
ǸĴת鿴ΧľԶǵд½ǰĩպڰвɰѵһ˲֮ԷԼ˵֮⣿
Ŀ˳ϣаȲˣȻҺҾͺ
췴ˣ췴ˡ
ǸŲӴţһһغţڲݵϣ΢ЦؿĺԽԽСû
˵˵ɣ국˵
Ҳ˵ģɱҰɣǸߵֳ˼֮ɫ
΢΢üͷɲã˵Ĳ˵˵Ҷɱ㣬ķҲвͬ˵ˣһʹ졣˵ҪԼ˵Ҫֺαأ
Ǹضų꣬Ȼʵߣֻ漶ȴܹоľġȻ̬ƽͣҲºͣȴܹظоԼ˵ὫĥȥƫƫɱĿԶûС
ѡ˵Ƶش˹ҵҪֶܹãĥˣǴȥץһҲһûôǿ׼ҿҪĥˡ
˵Ǹ̿ڣҲûмʶ߱ĥӣǼҲ飬ԲĥֻҪһҪԼϣܲˡ


1147
ͶЦݸӵº֪ͣһþֻҪ˵һٻҾͻ֪ڲҪҪ֪ʲô֪ĶңҪҲͷҺġ
Сʱ󣬳Ǹ˵ԴѰ˼š
һߣ˾ͽɳһӵʮǺս̽նӡ˾ͽҲľϵ
֧̽նʵǿһ۷壬ޣӵϵܹʮµĶ漶ϵһЩǼ
ڵߵһ׵غڣһǧһµߡд½
ԭϢڳ˵һϢϾԷʵǿֻһʾ۷壬ȫɱǴǸߵĿеõһϢǾǸѾѷд½͵㱨ľϵĵ壬ʱԶڵ·ϡ

Զӣ̽նӡҪӶԡ
ҲͨǸ˽ľϵһ壬е峤غ۷壬һһܵܣҲغ۷壬Զӵǵ峤λغ۷ĵܵܡ
ˡ
ǸߵĿе֪Ȼһ磬ȴԲĶ֣һӣʵսǿǲԸ⵱峤峤λøֲ硣
֤˾кǿԽսڶֵĲ˽⣬ɲȷԼһܹսʤˡҴӴϢƣδһǺսһأأжʮһصأٸټһµߣһ
ʵͲֵܹģ߰ٶֻһʣʮλͶԷô򣿶ԷȫѹǡԴҲԴ󲻵Լһȥӭսһ۷壬һأغͶʮһصءܹж٣Էһֱӽѹ
ʱ㣬ǴԼвµʱӦýٵд½Գ˵һ⡣
̾ϢһǸߵʬ뿪磬Ǹʬ˷ڣŻǷȥ
ص˻֮󣬳꽫߰ٶټһ𣬽ԭԭظ߸ҡȻ˵ǵʵĿǰڵд½ϵûʲô⡣ǵº󵽴Զӡ
˳˼˰죬̰ǿڵûа취Ǹֹ˶ԷǵʵǱԷ֣ĻᶼûС
˶Ĭų꣬ʵܹ糹׷𣿡
֪ȥ̽һ£ľӦܹ̽
ܹ׷磬Ǿͽд½Ǩ㵽Ȼ󳹵׷硣
Ҳܹأüͷ
ǾͲܳڵд½̷ɷϵǲ֪ǵĳ֣ū۵˺д½ˣὫ˺д½˳׻𣬵ǵʵرʾ۷֮ٹսǱٻ
˼һҽ֮ǻ᲻ٽ򿪣Ͼһܹͨ
ⲻܣ̰ҡͷݼأǵȿǻ˵ūǰǰԼ꣬Ȼֵ꣬Žͨϴܹ룬еĿռڵ㽫ʧҪҵռڵܣҪܶеһ𣬻пҵռڵ㡣˵ҵռڵҲʮżȻ飬żȻ鲻ٴ򣬸ƽпռʹͨˣ
ͷվγǺսȥţȥ̽һ¿ռڵ㡣
ûиȥ֪һȥٶȸ죡
罻㴦
Ӱ̧ͷſȥϴҪ֮ɨҵǸεУ͸Ǹ֮С
һӣӡ
֮󣬳ջ˾¶ЦݣʱȷԼʵȫԳ׽롣
ʧ֮УŻǼٵطȥص˻ϵǺս֮ϣ꺬Цܹ׷磡
̫ˣÿһ߶˷
꽫˫·һ˶
Ҫľʱ䣬д½񲢲һ򵥵飬ֻʣµʱ䣬ܽȡǻҪд½ϵȫ𡣡
ɫһ񡣡
е߾һ񣬳ҪľǰѵϵȫɵǿԷĴ󵨵ȥд½˿ҲֻҪǶסͨͨ˴ӵд½Ϳԡ
˽ڵܹаǺսһǧ˳ͷһǧоŰٶ˷ʮ߸طලڿһٶ˾ܲǰǺսҲھܲ
߰ٶʮˣֳٸ˼ʻʮǺսֱÿռͨǺսҪͨͨд½ʱǾͿ𣬽𣬻߷ǵ
µ˸һǰȽǰǺսȻٽϵȫɵ
ã
꽫ٶֱս磬Ȼŵ򸩳ȥٶȻǺս졣ԵʮǺսûнӽʱ򣬳Ѿ˰Ǻսͣĵط
ƮڰǺսϿգ·ȥֳһ˿
İǺսŲţ洫ֵЦֵкȾƿ
Щ˻ȫѵ˵һ¶ʱѾ˽˵ڵߵʵԥͷųһɨߵʵ
һûУ
֪ڵϵӦöܲķڣһڵٶʿת˳ȻȻһ֣˱·İǺսȥ
ûиȥûȴʮ߸Ͳ֣鸡ڿעû˴Ǻսӳ
ûһӳе˶ɱǶȡ˰Ǻս
Щ漶߿Ǻսžܲȥʮ߸նУ˾ܲǺսڸ߿зֳ˰˸ܲʮ˸ӿ£ܲĴȥ
Ų˴ſߣ߻֪ĿǱŰǺսֻǼʮ˸߹Ҳûǿ˾һȺϣҪôô


1148
ôЦеųʮ˸ˣѾ⣬ֻҪߵǵĸǰǶ˵Ļᣬͻɾؽɱܾûɱ˹ˡ
գѵ˸ϵˣ
ʮ˸˺ܿߵĸǰϸոֳЦݣ׼һáһɱ⵨ʮ˸ˣȴӳˣûи˻ᣬһһֱֻ㿨סĲӣһ㽫ǵĲϡ˲ʶлһͷ
ӦӦǲ˵Ļᰡ
ʮ߸ڵС¥ȥѾþ̽סǸС¥ڣʱһ
ΧȻûһ˳бÿ֣ЩӦڵϴûΣգѾľŻϮǡ˻֣ʮ߸˱ɢһС¥Ӷȥ
߽¥Ĵţ㿴һڣŲ̧ͷų˹
ಡ
һɽ˲ǸߵԴȻ󱻳ս磬ݣϵһ㣬Ȼյķȥ
ڵķǰƿ˷ţŲ˽ȥ˱תͷ˹Ȼüͷ΢΢һ˭
ûлɳǵˣΪΪ˲ܽ뵽ֻǳʮİͻȻ۾һаѵǼѾˣ
ųһɨȻͻȻվֳ֮ɫһغߣȴ͸ʵǾֻһһʡԵһһأҲֵܹģʺ֮һ蹵ʶ꣬ô󣬶ʵĲܹӴģ
վĸҲվǴյϿ𾴣ҲһΪǼ˵ˣȻЩɼôô죿ȴû뵽ǵˡ
հݼǰչعʩ
ݼǰĸҲʩ
ɫ΢漴ЩԼԼ˵ˡǲɫߵλˣ˵ɣ
ǣǰ˹˳ꡣ
ҲҪ֪ЩڵչεԴԼȥѰҵĻܻ˷ʱ䣬Ҵ֮ǰǸ˵õϢȫ棬ϾǸߵʵ̫͡
˵˵ڵջ񣬺ڵϵľӪ״е״국˵
ȻֳΪʲôһ⣬ʵʵų㱨ԽԽǷŭеɱ⼸ѹƲס
ϼܹˣ߻ͨ˶ץڿ󣬶̶̵زʱ䣬ԴѾھ֮һ˵˥ϡŵǽ̲صԴھһյʱεͻһǡ
ȻյĻҲ֪ЩԴڵϵľӪǾûоӪľƻӹԼֻʣˣǵŰɱ۵Уеڿ֮С
ʱС¥洫˺ʹԼĺ֪˵߱˷ˣյҲɫһ䡣
국վŴȥյҲԥһ£ʱǶڳѾһ˿ɡǵȵǷֳվڴǰ󱳳ǣеĻɱʧҲվߵǰȥ
ʮ߸ڿٵոһеĵڷطȻǷĽǸΪٵıɱһ漶һµôĶ֣
еųС¥ܣ֪վС¥ڣտغڣֻҪ֣ܹʮ߸ɱ
еӣҪ뿪ֲĵطնʧȥģܹùЩߣΪʲô֣
ʱյѾŭŤתͷǰ
ţҪǿԼһᵽζ
Ϣ˲ͷ˳ʱѾʼȫɳݣȻ֪ʲôطȴһǵߡ
䡭
Ҫų궯ֵʱȴȻ洫˾޴ĺȻתͷȥżƮľ޴ǺսһЩӵߺ촷ۡ


1149
ǵǺսջȻתͷųȵ㾿˭
ˡ
ľȻͷ˳ͼҵʱ򣬳غ۷ʵֵס¾صľѹȣѹȵһܹο
ֻ˲䣬ĸ̯ͨͨڵϣֻջڼţͷſ־֮ɫ
ûмʶѹ϶Ӧ㱻Ʒ΢΢üͷ˼һ£оûʲôҪ֪ˣڴǰԴ㱻顣
Сʱʱ䣬ܲ˱㱻˵ȫɱͷų֣ȻԳֽûзܲ©֮ȫնɱ
غҴˣǺսֱʮ߸Ĵ£һڵȥһ˷һߵڵءÿɱһطĵߣ֪ЩžķֻۣʣңԳҪеĵ˶ԾΪģס
ٶҪǺս죬ɱ˵ٶҲ̰ǿ졣ʮ߸λãһ˾ɱʮŸֻʱ䣬Ǳ㽫ĵȫɱ¾һա
ûʱͣʮھһˡȻʮǺսսſռ䣬д½ķٷȥ
Ǻսٶȴӵɵд½Ҫʱ䣬ԳٶȴֻҪСʱҡʱļ٣֪Լĸ׺ӺΣСʱѾ˵һνд½ǸС
ʱǸСͬ⣬ڳҰоȻûпһˡͷſ㷢פŴԼʮߣǶסСΨһһҾŲߵľƵ֮ڡƵ֮ڻһЩд½ŮڷǣȻҲһд½ˡ
һ̰ǵ߰ٶߴת˳ƵΧȻɱ˽ȥ
¥㶵߽ĳˣд½ˣǵˡЩʲôˣôҪʲô
ǲǼˣѵд½ߣ

Բܣ
ʮһѾʮǰǸȻ͸ʵ
⾿ô£
ץģ
һ£ȻǵصЩѹ˹ȥЩﾭܵ˳ľѹȣֻ˲̱һأһЩΪ͵Ѿ˹ȥ
̰ǵ̳˹ȥסЩߵʱ򣬴¥ϳߣó꿪ڣ̰Ǻʹ˵߽ЩһһƷ󶼼ھ¥һڡ
ʱЩȷ̵ߵд½ŮӲŴ˹Щ˵Ҳ꣬Ͼ굱Сֳ˺ܴķơһŮɫų꣬ͷڴͰ͵˵㡭ǳꣿ
꽫ĿǸŮӣͷǸŮֳ˿ϲȻͨһ˵Ϸޡ
˲ʣ֪Щܵί˵ǵļ붼Ѿվһȥץһ˽
ץһ߸˳󣬶ڴڿЩˡ
߽˷䣬Ǹ߽˷䣬ŹϡֽǸ˵ϡԼԱߵһϡ
ǸߣҲֱ͸һɾ뵽ԷʶһʶĴȥ

־ϵʹܵģҳƵ÷ǳãֲԹȥǸʹû罬ڵشĺ͸˷ţڵһϱɫǵȻ֪淢ʲôΪҲַʽʹд½ߡ
ӵʱ䣬кͣ˴Լһӣ˳֣һһ˵ݸǸ˽ȥŹϡ
Ǹ˻ûеȵȥ˵˵
飡
ŹϣԼʮ֮˺Щ˿־洫Ĳҽǵڶȥ߷ģǵһȥ߷ġ
Щ˶Ǵˣ֪̾ǵڶ˵˵һû˵ĶǳԵһĳͷֻҪԼһͻЩ˴ʱһɱȴʧȥɱ
һʱ䡣¥ڲʱİ˿־嵽˼㣬ЩŮӸտʼֻɫ԰ףȻǻ۴
ʮ߶һ飬д½Ѿǳ˽ˡ˷ֲĴд½ڿ֮⣬޴һ˾פ˻ء
ͬʱҲ֪д½߲ûôºͣϾǵʵҪȵ˸̫߳࣬ҵϾ󲿷˿ڵӵǨƵд½˵ڵϵ˻Ͼǰ״ûнȡĺ͵ˡЩˣд½ߺʹӵǨƹĵ˷αɱߣɱд½һ˿ڡĴ£Ʋ룬𽣵Ϫѷˣ͵˾㶼
α֮д½͵еĸּ˴룬˵ū
ʵõСûе֪Լĸ޶䣬Ҳûеõ޳Щѵ䡣ȴ֪д½Ѿûеֿ֯ед½߶ūۡ
ʱѾص˴ʮ˶Ѿڳһֱ˵աд½Ȼɱһ˿ڣԭд½˿ڳڣҲʣʮڣڳ䵱Щ֪˶١
ô죿̰ͻȻʵ
վȥ
һ·ɱȥ
ԭ˻أ
ɫһϣڷﻹһЩæµţͣջһЩϢ
ˣˣٶʮˣѾǱƵĵڰˡֻʱ䣬Էƽٶȣֱ
ȻվȵǺսӭȥ
ˣһıɫ߿ڵǳֵĵص㿴ӦǴӵķֻƲ⣬һǵһߴƽǿռǱ߻ˣһƽпռǱߵ˹۴ǸǶȽǼȻܹ֤մѾܹɱմˣ֤Էʵӭȥһð취
һʹԼ侲ʲô飿


1150
̳뵽̫֮УȴԶӵֻҪԶӵ⽫⡣
ǡ޵һ˿ԥֻвˣǧ˶д½ĸѵҪ𣿡
ı侲صͷûʱ䣬ҽ̳롣һЩʱ򣬿¾ûлˡЩߣΪһԱҪΪľ򡣡
ˣʱһתͷһ󳡱ˣȫͨ㣬˾ǻһСʱ·̡
ô죡޵ֳмſ־֮ɫ̳룡
ڼٷеĳȻ̧ͷ˶ʮǺսڿն̫շȥֳЦӣôף
̷ֳһƾ뵽˴ʮǺս״̬һҽһתƳ̷䡣Ҫߡ
æµһǺս״ֻ̬һתƳȥͰ°ť
ˡ
ʮǺսȥܿذ˺ڰ˴㣬ǹ
棬һ׷
ʲô
û뵽ԼѾˣԷŹԼȻһ׷תͷһĻȥǸĻһѸٵǽӽٶȣʮӾͻ׷ǡ
ٶȡ޵ֳ˿ռ֮ɫȻӴʲ࣬Ҳ֪ܹﵽٶȵҲһء
ȫٷУͬʱװá˽뵽Χ̿𣡡
ʮǺսȻ٣ͬʱֻװÿżĻϵĹ㣬޵¶һ˿ЦʹһأҲҪ촷ۡǺǡһûɱʣ
ʮӺ
ǵǺս˳Ρ
𣡡Ȼ
䡭
һܼų꼤μٵڿлһݺύĹ϶ɿؽӽһǺսغ۷ǳ֮ѸתǱȭͷڻۡȭͷȻʹͬһȭףݺݵһǺսĴβ
䡭
޴ӲĴ嶼ȥһ飬бƮ˳ȥοٵһǺս֮䴩ţһȭһȭغһǺս
䡭
ʮǺսƫԭеĹ켣ƫˣе໥ײһʹңﻹٶȷ䣬æз
ಡ
Զǣڻҵĸ޵˾һ㶣һôõļǵĻᣬôȴ뿪ˣ
ֻҪʣعǺսһĻǻὫǺսٻû˸һʣʾͬĩǰϵĺźǿ
ۿֽһǺս顣ʹǶʮǺսһʣҲ˿Ĵġ
׳Ϊʲôִ֮뿪Ϊʱʮսƫ˷໥֮żɵҷ䣬ºԼǺսʱסпܴһǺս
ǡ
ȴѡԶ룬øһ˿ĿĽԶȥĳꡣ
ĿͻȻһֳ˼֮ɫҰУԶĳǰͻȻʮǺսаҾǵ屻մǺսʮǺսһڿУҵĹ١
䡭
ֻһ˲䣬жʮһǺս˱ըѣ䡣еǺսڲͣطıأߵǺսѸٵƶʣǺս䣬ڻи޸֯Чĵֿӵʱ䣬еǺս˱ը
ಡ
һСͷͧڱըǺսڷ˳ããǼʼٷȥʮǺսһ׷һ߿СͷͧȻըͬҹŵ񻨣ȴСͷͧʧããǼ֮С
ûм׷ǣ֪вµʱ䣬˾ͻᵽҪľǳδ½׷磬һߡ
ʮǺսɻд½ص˻صĵһ飬Ϲ˵彫ĸ֮ٴνٵ򣬲Ҹ֪˵ľд½оȻὫ糹׷ֿһߡ
д½û˿ĵִ֮ģżȵǿܹ˵ūۣûԸ⵱ū彫ĸºʱٴνٵһг˿ֻš


1151
꽫д½ֳʮ㣬д½еĽͨߣеķɻеĻЩɻͻ͵ȫǱͫͱͫһµߣǼϵȫԼɵͨǸС
д½æµʮͫһµˣһԴԴϵͻۣķƷɳĻһȺзɳټǼϵڷУաһЩʵߵ߱ʵ͵ŵС
ֻһµʱ䣬һ֮󣬽ʼǰ򡣴豸ֻһЩӿСķ
һº
ܹķʼС򸽽ƽԭ֮ϣд½ķǴֱҪܵƽԭ֮ͣ˽ܷʼһŵȥÿδԼһҵ࣬ʱȺԴԴϵСۣЩǳɳгԼݳ
ããǼʡ
ĸڿ˵սӣһ㱨֮󣬵Խڸ޵ָ£ȫд½ķж
¡
ȳԤƵʱʡ˰µʱ䣬ܹʮ˱ͽ뵽ɫǳѿû뵽д½ô࣬ԼĻҪ࣬ڵһ뻹ࡣ
ʱվǴεиǰԶվߣ̰ǵ˽ŵųꡣ겻ܹ룬ȴǵľ֮֡
д½ķλطɵǸƽĸ߶ȣ̽뵽Ǹ֮УȻʼԼڵǳ֮ע
ʱһСʱһСʱĹȥϵųıӰԽԽšѾ˸Сʱȥˣվﲻͣǳ֮ռ䲢ûʲô仯
ããǼʡ
վھ޴ĴǰվŸޣһľнͻȻ޵ֳ˷ܺͺݶ֮ɫˣǿд½
д½ȥһЩŤΪռصʹռŤ˵ͷȻһŴͨǻҪõǿ򣿡
ԱһѸٵĻش𣺡Сʱʮ룡
ܺã˵ֳһ˿ЦҪЩ͵ܵĳͷ
䣬˵ɫһ䣬֮ңԶǿд½ԭŤĿռڿٵػָͬһűֽڱĨƽ
ãڷ磡˵ŭ𣺡ȫ٣ȫ٣
ˣѾȫˣ
顭
һĻǰİϣһƬ
ˣС˵Ȼܹ룬Ҳٸ򿪡
ž
˷һ˸޵ϣ޵Ӿͱȷݺݵײڽǽϣǽˤ˵ϣֵˡ˵쵰һ룬ڵȫʧǲ֪ڵδͨΪҪͨһռֻͨҪһռڵҪһٶһٶҪķ꣬ҲδܹҵеĿռڵ㡣ǸܴͨͨռͨһźܶżȻزڻԵɺ֮±ͨȻñܣʱһӵһռ䣬ʧȥԵĻᣬʧȥ˻ᣬ㶮𣿡

ҵĻκˣǰԭҰед½ڱŤȻ󽥽ʧ
һСʱҵʱ䣬д½ȫʧ
󡭡

ϣǵһǨƵд½ߣǵڶ͵ĵᣬĵ˶λʹ飬Υֳˡ
٣
ĩչȥ

곤³һųЦݣλŵȥ
񣡡ǵ˺е˺
񣡡
񣡡


ų˹̧ûʹ÷Լ֮£֮£Ȼһֻֻֽסһÿһ˫ֶÿһ˫۾ᣬӳ£˸žӨĹâ

һν뵽æµ֮Уһν뵽ؽ֮Сڹ֮Ҳд½ˣҪһɳȸ߲ƶĹ򣬸֪ˣǽڶʱڷɷϵΪѰҸƷȻдǨ㡣
ѰҵƷ֮󷵻صʱ򣬷Υ˹֮ˣϳͲ߽ᴦ߽뿪ڵ
ҪΪ˵ˡʣЩ֮塣ΪԴܿܵȵһηصʱ򣬵Ѿɱˡ
һ磬ڶ磬жȻȻ֪ĵһʱ֮Ե˶ࡣ
ʮڵϻռ䣬ǰĺڵĴţĵطû뵽ֻصϲֳ˸֮̾ɫ
ܹо֮Ԫڽؼ٣òʮʱ䣬Ԫȫʧĩʱ
ÿ˶ϣǣϣܹѰҵƷܹʮ֮ڷءӵԪ磬ûԸûԪĩʱ
͸ĸ޶һûдŸĸ޶ǰɷϵһжȷӵ޾ΣաҲԼͻɷϵ
һ֮
ʮǺսһգȺڻָ𣬳ʮ˵ϣããȥ
߸º
Ǵ˼涴Ծʮռڵ㣬һγɷϵ
Ĵ˵񾭶˼㣬˴ʱڷ
ǰӢǣ͸¶һ˿˷ܡ
ǣǰӢǣ
ʮǺսããǼʼ䣬ӢǷȥѾﵽ۷壬Ѿѹ˺ܾãӢͻƣõĸ
ĸº
ʮǺսʻӢǣǵ۵ĻطȥһӳʮǺսðǸеһ˿šǣҲһ˿šİѾͳӢǣӵʮĸ߼ߣǧͨߣǺսǵ۵ʵڴԴѾͻƵسڣ־֮ʱ
ǿʵǵûбҪռ䣬һ˿ŻΪ֪Էʵ
תһͲ˳ǺսգڻϿաǵվڻָӲŴĻüͷڲ֪˭ʱȻаսʮǺս١ʮǺսǿĴ˵һңɷ֮Լңôǵ۵ֻйӡ


1152
Ȼ䣬۽ǳ鴤һ£ϳһǺսš
ˣ
ǵ۵оһѹʵ̫ˡ̨Ͻغ۷յɱĳǰȻʱѾسڣ֪ԲǳĶ֪֡öǺսûؿ𣬴ݻʮǺսȴҲɱꡣ
һţ˶ˣųڰӽԺһֱעϾһ㼦Ƥ
û¶ʲô
ǵɫţȴ²˾
ǵۣԷѾ뵽̣ѾǷ񿪻Ƿ񿪻𣿡ڴŵ
ǵۿЦһֳεػأ
ͣһ£ִǣ
صͲ˻ȥǺսҲǵ۴Ӵ˳ȥŵĲŴ򿪣γڿУ¶΢Ц
ǵ۵оһظоûɱ⡣Цųȥ
꣬ݹ٣ʤң
ɵǵ۵ĸǰ·һָǵ۵ҵϰ
ٺ٣С⣬С⣡ǵ۵ֳһ˿䱸к³ĻҵǵеĽ䱸ȻʧЦǰҪ鷳ǵۣһ鱦ء
ţҪǵеĽ䱸һ鱦أʲô˼ҪҵĻҵ
ҪͻˣǰӢͻƣ֪ͻŶĸ
ǵ̷ĵشЦų˵һٶǺսֻʮңûе⡣
꣬ͻأʵҲʵ̫ˡҲŸոͻƵأ׷ˡ
겻˼ЦЦ׼ͻƵʰأ
ʰذʲôʰأǵŵòӿеȥ桭ģ
ţģЦеؿǵۡ
ǵ۵¶˱ȿ޻ѿЦݣаңղԼû궯֣һŶðʰˣվɷϵĶˣ
Գս˽⣬ͻƵʰأֻʰسڣôʰȼн޵еĴڡʾسҲδǳĶ֡
Ҫ֪ϵֻʾأһɷ纣ʾغ۷壬о纣壬һʾسڣһʾڡԿɷϵĵĸ֡
̶Цݣ˱˵ȥһҪãݺݵؽáֻҪȣɷϵ㲻м˸Լ
룡꣬ҵͻơȱͻƣΪӷϴȻ˵ͻƵ顣
ѵİţҲȵ˵
һѰǵ۽еȺأƨƨߵǰųŻطȥͬʱʮǺս䡣
ϴϢСʱǵ룬ͬʱҲ½Ӵˡһʼǵ۱߳ԱġһЩ֪˭Ա˴
˭ô
Ǹбһ۵Ӣǲãְɣ
ꣿǳꣿĸꣿ
ĸꣿ
Ǹնɱµۺյ۵Ǹꣿ
ԣ
ż񰡣ҵż񰡣ǸǺ
УȻż㻹ʶ
Ǹɫһ֮ǰҲһֱ𣿸ոﰲ
ܿӢǵϢʹ˳ȥÿ˶˷ʵÿ˶֪ҪռӢǵĻûǵۡ
ʲô
֪
˵׼ͻƵġ
ͻƣʲôʵ
֪
ȥӶŵˣ
ãǹȥ
󣬳ǵ۰ŵķϢһҹڶձǵҡ̰Ǻվ˳չص֮⡣ǵҲǳʶȤ뿪ҡ
´һңİǳ򵥣һһΣһ񴲡һ񴲣һĸоϴݡвɰԵͷ񴲶ȶԪźǿЧ
ϥ֮ϣоһ񴲵ЧȻǳ֮Ҫ֮ǰ˳һЩ
һСʱ
꽫Լ״̬ڵ۷壬ϢʼüΪƽȣϵɫüΪͰ
Ȼ䣡
ϵϢڴһǲ֮ʮѨڵǳ飬Ԫ;ʼʶ͵ӵȥӢϵԪʼչۣ֮Ϸγһ޴С


1153
ǵվ칫ҵشǰǸ޴Уֳ֮ɫ
˴ԪУʰصͻôǾЩ󰡣
ǻصߴʱſǸԪУһ͡ЩһҲûмʰصͻףǿ۽硣
Ӷŵ߿ŰǻǳԾģһƲƲ죬аǼȥϴͻʱܹʮʮ죬Ϲǵۣ
ɷϵƺϵ¹ϵ
ϵһǡӢǵʮϵ룬Ϊܵش
ƺϵ
޲ܵشĺƺϵĵһϡ︺ϵͻϮսԤ͵һϣȻ縺ŸϵĴ̽Ͱɱȸж
ӢͻƣͻƵʾأ
һصߴʱһĻڴĻϳֵǺƺϵ޲ָӹҮ³һʾسڵߡ
ǸصĻ㱨Ү³΢΢üͷ˼ϲ԰ףһְĸоźϢкܣǺ˵Ϣʮֱ䣬ͨĻûվĸǰֻǿݣǸ߶оһִ̹ǵı
ԭֻһӢͻûʲô˵ģÿ궼֪жܵشеʮͻƣЩɷϵߣҲ˺ƺϵߣҲԾ¹ϵߡ
ϵҲа̽۲һУ̻ͨ㱨ֻǻϻܣÿ㱨һΡ̻㱨һͻƵ飬Ү³ûҲǸأһӢͻƵʾأôϢҪ
ϵиԶʾشߣһϵͻȻһʾأϵһ޴в
źŵҿ
ǣԪ˧
һͶӰĻڿռ䣬ǸͶӰĻϳֵӢǵͼȻͷϵر仯ֵǰǻأһ޴ԪС
УҮ³üͷšֹģԪоʾͻƵףΪһʾȻԪдСӦйģŹơ
ͻƶˣҮ³ʵ
Ҫ㱨ĵڶ飬Ѿͻˡ
ʲô죿Ү³¶һ˿𾪣ȷ
Ԫ˧ȷ
ĬһŰسĬ
Ү³дûô𾪹Ϊûм

Ǵû˵ͻ죿Цɣ
һ˵ľô˳ʱ䣿ͻƵʱҲֵʮûַ
Ȼǳ˽Լ£֪ѣȴš
˵ݣ
Ӷŵų꣡
ꣿҮ³оâһǸµۺյ۵ĳꣿ
ǣ
ȷҮ³¶˻ɣ֮ǰֻ𣿡
Ǹɫ΢ԥһµûȫȷȴֳţӶʵߵľǳ꣬ͻ׵ĲǱˡӢǵİ̽ڽһС
飬ҪԿɿϢźųţ
ǣ
Ǹ뿪˷ȥһУҮ³ǲ̫ųܹͻ죬ҪۿٶõǳͻƵϢȵҮ³ȷ˳ܹͻƣԼȴûõȷϢǾ͵ȴҮ³ŭɡ
һ죬죬졭
Ү³ɫˣʱȥǸԪûʧ˼»㱨ʱ䣬ǸѾͻ˾ˡ
⡭ôܣ
ֳɱ⣬Բܹ˻ţδ»Ҫɷ֮纣ֲ
ʱǸһ˽
Ԫ˧Ǹ˵ѾȷǳꡣҡǸصֳһ˿ŵ˵겢ͻʾأͻʰأ
Ү³۾Ǹأȷ
صֳһ˿ԥܹȷĿǰֻܹõ̶ȵϢ
Ү³˫Ŀһɱ۷вϵ֡ʰأƣͻʰأô˾͸£
ټĴҽǱӢǣɱ꣡
Ӣǣ
ǵ۵ɫʮأֳôĶѾʮˣΪһܵشˣΧľƷǳУһҪȳǿ˺ܶࡣ˴ƣһᾪϵǰϵָӹ١
ɷϵҲͰˣϾΪɷϵֻҪûзɷϵ˼ɷ֮Գʲôľٶ£ꡣ
Ǻƺϵ;¹ϵͲͬˣǾԲɷϵ׳󣬶һ˿ֲˣϵ֮ƽ⡣ʱǵ۵пȷϵǰ߱ϵָӹһΪͻʾءһҲܹͬ϶ϵǰָӹһԴӦ
ƺϵ;¹ϵǰָ߱ӹһ뷨跨ɱ꣬ɷϵָӹȻᱣꡣ
Ӧʲô
ǵ֪γǵ鷳Сǵ뿪ҪܿҪԳĴɱֲɱһССسܹģ³껹ûˡ
һһѵõһλᡣֻҪͻƵƣ֪δܾܿδ纣ֻҪܹų궥һأͻỻֻ꣬Ҫ겻ԺԼʱ̡
ǡ
ԼҪܹ꣬
ǵ۵Ŀ˸һԵˣֻǲӵʱѡ׼һѣҪҪԺųɻڴ
ӢеߣʲôΪֻҪܷɵؿ£һս״̬еǺսգǸҴصһɸɱ
ǣ
صĸװһսǺսգһ˵֪Ϣ֮ҲʮսҲգΧųͻƵķ䲼һߡ
¹ϵǰָ߱Ӳ
׺ڷ׼ĸʰǱӢǣɱǰͻȻһͶӰĻһ١
Ԫ˧Ƿһ͵Ľ
׺΢΢һüͷֻһͽȴʱǿеĲã˵ʲôĽ
Һ̬
ʲô׺ڵشҺ̬֣һγɵģһǺںϵġڵõǸҺ̬ףǾǺںϵҺ̬ƶɡ˭֪ںұҺ̬ȫܹγɵҺ̬ȡ۵ԣԣǵֿԶǺγɵİٱ


1154
ҺһּΪԴϵҲǼҵһԴ˵ϡȱ˼㡣ȭͷСһҺ̬ܹۡ
Һ̬ھ߿Ƽ֮󣬿γҺ̬ɼ״̬Һ̬Ƴɿ׺Ǽֱͻһߵʵ纣ĴҲװۺ졣
λã׺еʵ
ɷϵǰָ߱Ӳ纣ǸʾسڵѾĸʰص߸ҪǰӢǱꡣֱ졣ֱϰһ£һͶӰĻڹĻϳһߡ
Ԫ˧Һ̬
ǵɫһ䣺λú͹̣
Ǹߵֳ˽֮ɫǷһҺ̬أ
ʲô𾪵شǸߣȷһأһҺ̬
ǣǿأһ顣ֻǲ֪̲ж٣
˵̣ǵȷλãǼе˵
زǷֵģѰصĹп˾¹ϵӣǷ̶ǽͻϮǸе֣ΪǰҲϵѰӣͨദǣϾҶֻѰӣսСǾð˽̽飬ԭ¹ϵѰӾȻһҺ̬أֻ̲֪ڱ¹Ѱ׷ɱֻʣˣĿǰλǵﺣɽ
ԭشʱϵ
̷ָӲϵ峤
Ӣǡ
ţشһս״̬ԴԴϵӢŻػۣڻصΧһȦһȦЩյǵȴǵ۷ָĿ귢Ϲ
ܿ죬Ҳ֪Լ񣬾Ϊ˱ͻƵĳꡣſǾ޴ԪУһ಻ѡ
꾲֮Увһ˿ʧΪͻƵõĸҲмޡ
ʵѾʰڣľΪҲʰغ۷壬ȴľΪһ˿Ѿȥˣʼղܹٵõһ˿ȫ޷ͻƵʾء
֪ΪӢϵЩ־ӡļޣϾûдʾߣϵжʾأҲû㹻õͻƵʾصĸ
Ҳ˵ͻȥʵͻƵʰغ۷壬ľΪȴҲò˿ʼջʰغ۷塣ľҲûнݾҪʱȥĥ¡
ȻˣǾȰʵʰغ۷ɣ
Ү³ѾǰӢǵ·ϣȴͻȻҲͬõҺֵ̬Ϣʱ˶ԳնɱжǰָӲ
ǡ
һͬܵϵȻܵʮΣȴ̽
һȽϸӵǴܵشȴЩ⣬ϵǼսսûзǼսΪһ
ϵһЩЩϵİ࣬ޡЩضǿȻǻ۲࣬ȴΪǿ಻ܹܡ
Щеܹеܹ亮ֻҪһ絽ͻһ񣬻ܹŶܹεģ֮ǧٹ֡
һֱڹռ򣬽һſס԰ȴһЩΪĽأΪЩϵʵ̫ǿ󣬹ռһҪصĴۡ
ȻЩҲΪûзԴ㹻˵ԴǿҲǰͺ̵عռ
Ǿһǿ󣬶һֱҲûзԴܵشһֱûйռֻǲ̽̽̽ϵеǹٷģеӶţǵ̽ԴȻԴ٣Щ̽ӾͻԼɶ˽̡Դ̫󣬶̲Ǿͻ᷷Ϣǿļ廻ȡϾʯ
Ȼ̽ӻὫϢ㱨壬̶õĽҺ̬ԴΨһ㱨ķֻϵ֮Ȼ㱨Լļ壬壬ϵ֮ϢҲᱻ㱨ϵ֮
ΪûǸҵ̵ּԴ㵱ϵ֮İҶ̣Ľֻбϵ֮塣㱨ϵ֮Ȼõһֳַɡ


1155
ܵشеǷһУٶȻ㱨ǰָӲʾسڵָǰ
ʱʾسڶϢֱӻ㱨ϵ֮ɷϵ纣¹ϵĽΣƺϵ÷֡
ϵ֮ǰǣǾϵ֧ϵĶ룬ҪϵΪĳϵ֮뿪ϵͻȻܵϵͻȻϮǿǳصĴϵҺֻ̬ܹλʾء
Ү³ŴĻϵļ÷֣ͻƵ˵һ飬Լ
峤Ϊɱ͵õҺ̬ͬҪɳɳϵƽ⣬ǱɱҺ̬֮ʱμӣҽնɱ֮ȥǡ
÷Ү³ɫصʵ˵ģͻʾءѾͻʮһˣ
ǣǧȷ
÷ֵɱҮ³ǿǰӢǣؽնɱ֮ǰӢǡ
Ү³ֳһ˿Цݣģˣ
Ŀ˹Ļϰ³ݡ
³ƺϵһʾأһʾڣʱɫ
³ȥһǣ÷
³ͷϲ
Ү³һδλʰسǺսӢʻѾΪҺ̬˼ʱ䣬񵽴ӢҪʮʱ䣬Ү³һֱüͷЩӡ
һ棬ϣѾͻƣʵ㲻ǿһ棬ϣڼͻƣͲǵ֮ǰ뿪Ӣǡ
֮ǰѾ뿪ӢǣҪնɱĻѡ
̫ˣ
Ǹʱû֪ǿǳϡ
ʹʱϵɳԼǿǰǡ
ɷϵɳλʾأֻ纣һɷϵҲѳ֪纣纣Ƿȥꡣλʾؾ㶼ǰǡ
һΪƺϵ÷ҲһõҺ̬飬Ϊ÷ҲһὫҮ³ȫǣϾҺ̬֮ʮҪһ棬ɷϵ֮¶һֺɷϵϢҲ纣Գ겻Ƿǳӵԭ򣬶ҳ껹ܾ
ȻͬΪӦñͻеĳꡣǱ纣ܾˣҲֻú˴һƬ뿪ɷǣǰǡ
¹ϵ
ǵȻҲյǳҺ̬ϢͬʱҲӵӢͻƵϢ¹ϵ֮˼֮󣬻Ƿý׺ǰӢɱľҽ׺ҲΪҺ̬ҪȳͻҪĶࡣ
ɷϵͻȻһʾҲûʲôҴгܾ纣ǿȥӴһ³꣬˵껹Ǿ¹ϵ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼۼǣ鶼һߣҲֻҮ³¶˾Ҫѳɱ
Ҳռĳϣ֪ͻȻɷϵУһδ֪ĵ͵֮ǰɷϵ
ǣʹˣҲꡣ
Ϊ֪ܽӹ纣ͽ׺Ŀͬ׺Ϊ¹ϵĻᣬҮ³ΪûκλᣬȻܾ˳ΣͬҲϵ
Ϊ鵱п˳Ըе
Ψһܹľܹɱʱ򣬲ҪԥҪ
ĴˣĿľɱꡣ
Ԫ˧
Ǻս֮ϣҮ³ԵһʰʵǵӢǵʱ򡣳Ѿ뿪ˣô죿
Ү³˵Ǿá
Ү³תͷ͸ϴ˽ߵӢǣɱ⡣Ǹֳһ˿Ц·𿴼˳شͻƵϲУȴȻİΧУֳһȤ
Ψһǵľɷϵ֮;¹ϵ֮ô죿
ǻȫԸȥҺ̬ǻһɱ꣬һꣿ
ӢǱ꣬׺ҲӢǣʮּ򵥣ͽ׺˲ˣһֵǣһնɱꡣ
ǣһûȥǣֻн׺ˣ鵹Ǳøˡǣô׺Ү³棬ԲƽճҲǾͻһԣȴǺͳභնɱ˳֮ʱͻȻڱͱһ
ǺսѾ뵽Ӣǣֱǻء
ԶԶ㿴ǸԪУͬʱҲ˻صĽ䱸ʱڻصΧѾۼ˳ߣȻЩߵʵҮ³оϣǵϴﵽϵʱ򣬼ʾصҮ³Ҳһ˿ɵ
һͲؾͬһֻһ㣬ȻлƮŶٶǺս
Ү³ɣԼǺս뵽̷Χ֮ڣԷɵĽʱǺս١
ЩܹǺսȴвһʾءһ˵ʵ뵽ʾأĿǰϵûκһܹ˺ǣΨͬʾص߲ܹ˺ǣɱ˴ˡ
Ѿ
ӵг˵ܵͬʱҲӵƾõ˵һʾأǱʾɱѾܹﵽʮꡣ
ͣ
Ǻսͣ˿Уص֮⡣Ŵ򿪣Ү³վڲſڣ·ȥǸתľ޴ԪУֳЦ
ǻأ
ǵ۵һʮѿϳǺƺϵǺսǺƺϵǰɱ꣬Ҳÿ֪ԷһһʾأҮ³
̫ˣ
Ү³ϵЦǸԪлûʧǾ֤껹ͻơһ˲ţڿУĴʰҲӲվҮ³ıɫ·
ʵҮ³Ҳʮ֣ͻΪʲôܹôã
ǣһжҪҪǳû뿪ˣˣ
ǻء
ǵ۵ɫԥʱüֻҪʾҮ³ĻӭͿˣȻͿ˵һߣҮ³ɱꡣ
ǣĻᱻɱ겻
ǵ۵ɫԵñ꣬Ȼһƽǰ飬ȵĿ꣬Ǹҽ뵽̷Χ֮ڣ͸ģ
еҮ³Ҳڵһʱ俴˵еڿڶ׼ǡ˫Ŀֳ֮ᣬȻ·ȥĴʰء
䡭
𶯣ڿڷ˺ǹķֻһ㣬ǾǸǰҮ³
Ү³û˿ͣ٣һڷ϶иȥĴʰص˺Ү³ĴʰشЦȥǸ޴ԪķӸȥ


1156
޴˲ͻ˹˲ͷ˳ȥľоһĸʰظһ͸ʵķ򸩳Ȼʶǣȴܹ˵ϸоǿҵɱ⡣
ǳģ
ֻ˲䣬ȷ˶Է⣬Ȼ֪ΪʲôȴȷԷɱġ
̾ϢһʵֻͻƵʰ۷壬ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ܹͻƵʰغ۷塣
ǣ֪Լûˣ
ϵֹͻƣ˫ڵһģαȻײ˹ȥ
еҮ³ɱݺᣬһŭˡȻǰڳһ̬ƣû뵽ǻĸǵһܹϳԼһǵϳԼǵ۸һʾؿѵҪӢĨ
ڰǿ˲䣬Ү³Ѿֻ̣ɱ˳֮󣬱ɱǣǴӢǳĨ
ǵۿʼǵۣǵ߶ʼܵôܲʶҮ³ǿǾϵӵĺƺϵԪ˧ʾسڵҮ³
ǸղžȻҮ³ˣ
꣬Ͻɣ
ǵۻͷ˳չصĵطеԪлת
䡭
չصĵطݶͻȻըһγ˾޴ԪУμٵ˸µҮ³˫ͬһǸһߵεĺһɫ
Ү³ֳһ˿죬겻ͻôܾѵѾͻˣԪô£
һжҪˣѾɱǰȻҮ³׼סҲ˲佫Լܹͷųܽͷ˳ȥ˫һ𣬱㱬һâͬһ󽣣·ĳնȥ
ǱԪ۶ɵֳɫɢܣǿọ̈̄ͿԪ۶ɣһʸеĴ󽣡
䡭
˫ײһɫ̫ϡ
бҵĺĺ·ڲϵİǻغܲ˵رһǣ˲Ϊ飬İһҴ档е߿ʼܷӣǵҲ⣬еǺսȥ棬лһƬ
ʱǵ۲ŷټ߻ڻǶôһ޴ľڳҮ³Ķսܱ£Ǵ׵ĸһ߷һ߻ͷſȥα㲻һеȥ
ҿʲôĿʲô
ҰУҮ³ĺɫԪȫ̫򱬷ֱӽҮ³˳ȥ鷢ʵͻȻҮ³û뵽ĴʰصҲû뵽
˵ĽǣҮ³˳ȥ廹ײʰأûбײߵʰҲ¶һ˿š
һ˿Żûдǵʧ˲䣬˾ͿһеһʰظоǾҵĹЩ۾Ϊ̫ˡ
ꡭ
֪ʲôʱ򣬳ѾһѾõһʰ˹ȥǸʵͳ൱һʰ۷壬սôܺͳȣ
֮ʱǳĵﳬ˱˼ǳ־ǱԶͬߡοһʮʽ
䡭
һһǸʰ۷屬飬Ѫɣҿлһ׻Ľζ
㲡Ҫ
ͻȻڿʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
̫ȭͨ
˲Ү³ǰһȭҮ³Ү³ʱڱɵĹУȻû˷ȴӰսҳٶʵ̫ˣֻһȭӭ˳ȭͷһ㡣
ʵһʼڳԿĳԿȫû뵽ͻȻӱչسһԲͷΪǿҵĹνһ˳ı֮С
顭
˵ȭͷײһҮ³ԿʹȫԵԸٶź󷽷ˣȴû˿ͣ٣һ˹ȥҮ³һҧҪͳƴǾʱڷһ죬ڵһţɥʧ˽ĿܡʱȴѾĸǰֵǣ겢û߷Ӷȥ


1157
顭
ڵİ˳һǿһһһ졣Ү³ǿתͷȥһѴ󵶣Ǵ֮׵˸·һеľõ˶Ǹء
顭
Ү³ڴһ죬Ҳ㽫ǸûдӱҮ³ײɵлָʰغն˵¡
겻˿ͣαŵʰس˹ȥʣµʰسڣԳвʱҮ³Ѿһ죬ʵ֮ͨǰ屶ô򵥣ʾصҮ³ҲܲѾը󶴣һ󶴱һ󶴴Ѿ˹ȥŵȥ
ʣµʰشʱȫû˶־ǸۿųʰصͷӣһʰȴǳŵˤҮ³ȻһѳҮ³Ÿ߿еǺսȥ
䡭
˿еǵǺսԭӶſ˳ͣǵľ侲ȻԥؿʼеǺսǸոշ䣬ҲǸʰرҮ³Ҫߵ˲䡣
䡭
һߣڱǸʰسն˵£ĿĹˣ㿴ңԶĿֻʣһڵ㣬ǸʰرҮ³ɶȥ
ಡ
ŶԷ׷ȥʹ֮֮ڿʱʱȴڿٵؽӽǸʰء
ಡ
˵γ⣬ããǼʣǸʰȻҮ³˳ȻȡһѴת˳ȥΪѾо
Ȼոתʱ򣬱㿴һ˹
䡭
㽫Ѿʧȥ˶־ĶԷ롣̫գ˾õĿŲԶȥҮ³Ʈ̫֮С
ľɨ˹ȥҮ³ȷʵѾˣҲȻԼľ˽ɨ裬ȻҲԷʵľʰغ۷壬񿴲͸Ү³ľ˵ʲô˵ԷʵҲʾسڡ
˸ղŵļ˲ⲻóоҡԼͻȻĳҮ³ʮ⣬Ҳȫûǰںƣ˵ʵԼƺֻһ·ܷ߻һδ֪
ηɵҮ³ĸǰûɱҮ³һ˵ʱɱŪǵݣΪʲôɱûҮ³סҮ³˺أò˶һͻѣҸһʱ䣬ܹȫʾôģ
סҮ³֮󣬱ؽǸʰصĴԪռ˳ս磬ȻһץҮ³ӢǸȥ
ʱڰǻأЩȻָǳ𾪡
ǲʶҮ³ҲʶҮ³ĴʰءЩ˶ǺƺϵĴǾϵӵģϸ洦ɼǵͼ񡣼ȻϳˣȻҲ֪˵ʵ
ǡ
һʾسڣһʰغڣһʰ۷壬ʰس۷壬ϾȻ˲ɱһȻ󻹲ĵ׷˳ȥ
ǡ꾿ʲôʵ
غ۷Ϊͻʰص
ôͰϴ
ˣһƬģûжҲû˳Ƕգȴųķءǵ۸ĿȭͷźӶĶˣӶĶˣ̫꣬ĸˣ
䡭
žȺͻȻɧΪǿ˿жһڵ㣬ǺڵԽԽǳ꣡
죬ŵҮ³
һʰҲɱˣ
һ˸ɵĸʰأ׽һʾء
ģӶĶˣ̫ˬˣǵۼûȻڵһ壬Цųȥ
꿴ǵ۷ɹֳһ˿ůǵʲô˼ΪԼҹעһҮ³Ӳƴꡣ
ллڿͣΣֿ˵
ˣǵۿĵشЦš
ͷ·ȥǵ۸ԡ˾ֱ˰ǵһң氵ǵҲʼָճĹЩ۶߿ʼأص˿ʼ޸ĽӶŵһصԼķ䡣
ڻУǵӵһߣҮ³ǵĶ滹ûѹĿʾ˭ʶ𣿡
ǵۿЦ꣬ⲻ֪ȥ֮ǰ㶼ڸʲôƺϵǰָ߱ӹҮ³ʶ
°ͣҮ³˵ģƺϵǰָӹ٣ʾسڵʵЩ㲻ԼûеɱԼ
벻ͨͲȥ룬һʾ֪ˡԳҲϵϢղŶĺͺܴ󣬴ԼСʱ֮Ү³˹۱㿴˳ǵۣ屾ܵһȻϾֳ˾ɥ֮ɫ֪Լסˣʱһͽǻֱͦˣʾʾصҫ
ųĸɱץ֤ҰɱˣƺϵıƺϵɷϵǼʴսҳӽʱڱɱ֮СҴʱҲ겢ʾأʰ۷塣
Ү³
Ү³ͦñֱȻ϶ʮǱȴ͸¶һ־Ӹ¡ȫһץͽģ
ݺ͵λʱΪҪҮ³ݺ͵λǳܹȵģ겻һӶŵųҮ³ƺϵǰָӹ١
Ҳˣû˻ġҮ³ˣǼʴս
국ŶҮ³ΪʲôҪɱң
Ү³һ˿죬⻹˵𣿵Ŀû٣б¶һ˿Ͳм²һ治֪ô̶ȡ
꿴Ү³еļͲмûŭһ˿ĸо
Ҹɡ
Ү³ϼͲм˵뿪ҿԱ֤ƺϵ׷¡
顭
һ֮ӣαѾҮ³ĸǰһҮ³СϣҮ³㱻߷˳ȥݺݵײںǽϣǽײһˤ˸ڵķ
Ү³ſ˵ϣһϺ̧ͷֵĳ꣬һš
ôңôңôң
ߵҮ³ĸǰҮ³˵ɱңȴ˵Ϊʲôƺϵ߶ôҵ𣿡



1158
Ү³³һ΢һЩشӵ˵ϣųЦ㻹Ǵ鶼벻ס
΢΢üͷ벻ף롣ղɱĸʰأץסҮ³Ĳһ󣬼ȻҮ³ֺαȥ룿
ͻƵ̫ˣǵᵽͻʾءǵȻϣɷϵһʾأɷϵͺƺϵ֮ƽ⣬ɱ㡣
ĬˣҲˡȴñȫ֣֮ԼɷϵûʲôУԺƺϵҲڵӣĪҪɱԼˡ
ǣ漴üͷȻˣǾ¹ϵΪʲôɱңɷϵ纣Ϊʲôң
Ү³ǺЦҲ纣ûгɹ㣬Ա㲻ԸΪɣ꣬˲ֵȥͶǷǺƺϵһȥ㡣꣬ǺƺϵɣҿΪˡ
ǺǡЦȻɫһ˵ʵ
˵ˣߣҮ³ʵ
붼룡ͬɫ˵ɱҵģûɷŹ㡣˵ˣҸһϵ
Ү³ĬһȻ̧ͷʵɱң
Ҳֳ˺֮ɫΪʲôɱ㣿
ɱңͲºƺϵ׷ɱ㣿
£ϵ˵а¸ëɱ֮ҾͻطֵϵȥûҵƷˣǵȥң
ĻشҮ³ҭһ£һǵ۵ѵͲºƺϵĨȥ
ǵ۵ɫһ䣬꿴һǵۣҲѰ졣ǵۼȻֱԼԼɱɱҮ³ˡ뿪Ӣǣǵ۾ֻһֻǵ뿪ǽɢƺϵûа취
ʲô㣿ǵʵ
ǵۺܹЦܹô죿ǽɢȻʰߣ㲻᲻ҪҰɣ
֮ã¶ЦݣӶŵĵӻ̫ˣֻһʣһؼ룬ȻиˣȻתͷҮ³һֵ̯㿴ˣ
Ү³ɫЩԥ֪ӦӦýҺ̬߳ꡣϸһ£¹ûɱ꣬ɷҲû꣬ôֻһԭ򣬾¹ϵɷϵ֪Һ̬顣ʱǰǡ
Ȼ䣬Ү³ɫһ䣬Ȼ¹ϵɷϵʾضû֤ϵǲʾǰǣƺϵȴֻһʾǡ˵ͻˣԼӢǣ³ǣƺϵֻʣ÷һʾأ˵ᱻ¹ɷϵֹ򣬹Ϸ˺ƺϵ
Ү³ɫֿ꣬˵βſϷߣ
ҡҡͷҪɱҵˣҪûɽ
Ү³ضų꣬ӵʱ䣬ӳɫϿһ˿ɶɳ̾һҺ߳ꡣľƺԣƺϵѾܵõҺˣ³ܹɱͲ
ȻƺϵѾòҺ̬ôϢ߳Ҳûʲô˵ܹҾƣð³̵ܹоԼҵĹϵƺǢ֪Һ̬֣纣ҲӦꡣҮ³ͷã˵¹ϵɷϵ֮ûɱͱ㣬ӦΪǶȥǡ
ǣ΢΢üͷѯʵҮ³
ΪϷһֽһҺ̬Һ̬ǶܵԴҲȻûɱͱˡ
Һ̬
۾һԼǸҺ̬ףֻǸҺ̬ǺƵģҮ³Ŀе֪ǸҺ̬ġ
۾ҲһԵǵ۸ôǿԼ侲Ү³Ƕʲôʵ
ϵ֮ȥʾػȥȻ¹ϵûɱ㣬ôʾسڵĽ׺ʾڵĽӦöǰǡɷϵû㣬֤ʾسڵǺʾڵҲǰǡǺƺϵȴֻһʾڵİ³ǰǡ
Ү³ôˣ
Ȼֹôˣĸֻ֣ЩǰҲա
Һ̬صĵصң
Ү³ǳϵصͷֽ


1159
ǵ̳ȥһͻһֽźһ֧ʷҮ³ĸǰҮ³һ߻һ߸͵÷ǳ±ųʵ꣬纣Һ̬𣿡
ᣡϵҡͷҺ̬ƾʲôԼͻƵʱûԼ
Ү³ЦͺãҹȻûп
ͷȻһְֻҮ³ͷϣ˵ȥɣ
䣬еİһ£ǳ֮Ү³Ĵԣ壬ֻ˲Ү³ͳ
ʰһ£ȥǣӵվ
ϴ󡭡ǵۼȻͶ꣬ȻҲ͸ĿڳƺΪϴΪ֪Ӷŵ˶ôƺ꣺ôʰ
˲ǵ۵˼ʳֻҪһˣҪһˣȻҪһˣϾﻹŶǺսôҲҪǺսװ
Ǻսװɣ
ˣ
ǵ뿪˻ң·Ү³ʬԣвһ
껹Ǹɱ
ǵʱŰһдϣҪѡһЩԸͶߣҪַһЩԴЩΪɢѡڵ죬˲ųŶһʮǺսǷȥ
ڲżҺ̬ز̶̵ܾʱھ
Һ̬굱ȻҪȻЩûʲôˮƽĿѧңҲûʵҺùҺ̬˷ѣҺֵ̬Ǯ
ֻҪֵǮУֻҪܹսǱУں
ں
˽һµǼʴ󣬶һʮӴĽӵǣǲûн䣬ΧǷУɨǡ
֮
ǷҺ̬صĵص㣬ΪͣŴǺսʱڵϵǺսҲֿеӴ󽢶ӡ
ڵĳ΢΢üͷע·ǣЩǺսǷֳΧмһƬïܵɭ֣ƬɭּΪ
ЩǺսΪʲôֱӽҺ̬ͣһƬɭ֮⣿ƬɭоҺ̬
ϴЩǺսΪʲôͣƬɭ֮⣿ڳԱߵǵʵ
֪תͷʵ
Щܵ˲ܡ
˵˵Ȥʵ
һƬɭʮ֣ӦǴųĲͬǳǿϵ߸ͽȥΪһ뵽ͻᱻѹֻϵ߲ܹȥܹУֻʲܹǿС
ɫһ㶣ЩǺսΪʲôͣ΢˼һ£ûбҪŴһȥƾԼЩ£ЩϵߵĶ֡
еǺսڿսʽȻһ׼ǰҺ̬ǵҲվϴҲȥ
룬һصʵҲˣͷ߰ɣ
˶֪ԼＸûͳһȥʵʵǺս֮ڡվڲǰŴ򿪣ǵ·ȥ
ղڿѾӪҪɷϵ߼棬¹ϵΪʲôԭûɱǴǵźƺϵӪȥ
ƺϵǣҲ׼ǣϾҺ̬ҪƺϵǣҲҮ³ɱˣҪ
ǵ۾滹ǧ׵ľ룬ص˷һ߷һߺȵͣ£
Ͳǣɿٵ·壬ͬʱһȭһأǵȻҲһȭһء
䡭
صѣѪ·䡣
ڹɭ֮µĸֲֶ࣬뵽ɭҺ̬ˡػǺսĺƺϵҲĸһʰغ۷壬һأءȴѾǵɱ
顭
ǵ˵ϣǵΧվߣǵĿһɨбֳЦһʶûУҲʮһһ¡
Ⱥֿ߽ˣ국ˣһʰغ۷壬һءúͳǵ۵ʵ൱
Ǹʰغ۷忴˳ʵȻʰ۷壬ĿҲһɫȵʲôˣôĵӣȻɱҵˡ
ϻ࣡
국˵Ǹʰغ۷ɫһŭϾоԼʵҪȳǿһЩƾʲôôק


1160
ǣ˵仰ʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
̫ȭͨ
ͻأسǸʰغ۷ǰһȭ˶ԷԷȻһ˿ȣȴû̫⡣Լһʰغ۷ѵºһʰ۷һȭԣԥغͳԺһȭ
䡭
ʰغ۷嵹˳ȥֳ֮ɫ
ôܣҵʵǿôܱ˳ȥ
֮֮
˲Ǹص߸ǰ̫Ǹص⣬ӦüǸʰغ۷壬ôͻȻǸʰغ۷ɱԼ
ҡ
Լ˾Ǹʰغ۷ʱų걳˹겻Ҫͷӭ
Ȼûлͷӭ
ֻǵ۵¶ЦȻǼʶͨ˳ͨ㲻ҲӵйǸɵϾҪˡ
ȻÿоͿĲӰźƺϵ߳˹ȥʲôΪ
ء
ƺϵЩʲôʵ
һȺһµߡǵۼֱǴݿࡣ
䡭
Ǹڳǰûзֻ˲ͱ꽫룬飬ֻĿȴǲ˳Լ˾Ǹʰغ۷Ѿ˳ΪʲôȴͻȻͣȥ
顭
һʰغ۷ڱ죬һ޼ɵس壬Լʧȥ˿ơ
תŶʰغ۷壬Էֳ˿־ɫ
ۡ
ͻȻⱬѪ⣬귴һͷϣԴͬһ͸һˡ
ƺϵֻ߲࣬ػЩǺսҶһЩʵµߣǵ۵ɱ£ܿͱͼ¾һա
¶ЦݣӵһǺսϵ֮˵ʲô˵һʺơȡֻͿеǺȡϵȻһǺսӸ߿Ͻ
ȻǺսڳǧߣֱ뵽ͣһǺսڣȻһǺսգȥ
ʦĥһµȥȻϵǻϡ
ͷ֪ǰѺƺϵˡúƺϵ֪֮һ׷ɱԼˣƺϵ˽ֻΪ׸ûǵۣҲ˼ְաǣȥ֮ʱǲĵ˵꣬Ҫһ뿪ɣǸҺ̬ǲҪˡ
ҡͷһҪԣõõĻܹһսǱˡ
ĿһȻ֪ΪʲôҪսǱͷǺս̫գٶǺսŵȥ
ɷϵ;¹ϵ˺ƺϵߴȻǾͿƺϵǺսſзȥ˲ʶƺϵˣȴ֪Ǳ˭ҲʮֵԼһ᲻ܵ
Ǹûֻ̽ս׼ʱҲ޷ɭ֮ڵָӹȡϵΪƬɭֵĹŹִѶš
Ȼĵȥɷϵ;¹ϵϵûеѵԼͺƺϵΪл鷳
ǺսʧڿУջĿǰɭֵ߰ɣ
ǵ۵ͷ˳̤ɭ֮С
һ뵽ɭ֣оصѹҵĸоƣֻѹǿ˺ܶࡣ
곢һ£ȻܹɵģֻǷеļ󡣳˵棬ֳԼľȻͷŲȥ

Ҳܹ˵ͷŲȥֻҪһ뿪ʶᱻŤĴų飬޷̽⡣
ȡҮ³ĵͼ˼ۣȻǰɿӽ
³һٸ߷ɿɭбţһ·Σգոս뵽Ƭɭֵʱ򣬴ߣʮλʺͶʮλȴֻʣʮλʺͰʮ
һ·һʵǿޣʱ򰲵³ЩڣֻǴżλʽƬɭֵĻҲᾪޣĶ̫Ӵˣ벻Уһ·ϼֱһɱ¾֮·ɱޣͬʱҲʧ˴ߡ
³˸ǰһֿۣ˿еĵͼ֪ԼĶĿĵѾԶˡɷϵ;¹ϵҲòȥһ·Ҳضһɱ¾֮·δؾܹܵԼǰ档
³ͻȻͣ˽ŲĿķˣǰͱµһ޴Ķڡ
Ӧɣ
վһضһеĵͼȻ˷ܵصͷӦ
³Ŀŵȥﲢû³ֵƻۼӦõĵһߣɷϵ;¹ϵ߻ûе
ߣ
ͷɽ˽ȥû¾֮ˣΪ֪Ҳûãᱻɷϵ;¹ϵ˸ɵ
ͬʱֻûг棬ǸѡһӪȻŸֽ뵽ɭ֮У֪Էжǿȴ֪һʾǰȻʾǰ³˭Ҳûãš
ǣôܣ˭֪ɽ᲻ޣ
ǵּɿشţܿͿһƬɱ¾ֳִľѣһߣѪգƮѪȵζǵȴûʬ壬ûʬ壬Ҳû޵ʬ塣ֻһԭ򣬾޵ʬ嶼ŵߴˡ޻ʤΪĻҪһЩͷ
һһݾǳǵһ·ɱûһֻޣֻһͣǾޱɱˣܳ⸽⵹Ǹ˳ǵ˷㣬Լٶǰɱһ·ǿһɱ¾ֳⲻó࣬³һ·Ӧвʧɡ
ʱɷϵߺ;¹ϵ޸ǿ࣬ͬһؿȴǴǴʱڴһؿ˵ǺƺϵʵҲⲻܲ˵Ǻƺϵơ
ಡ
ͱڵĶǰӰǳǵۡ˿һܣѾ˽뵽ɽ֮Уֻǲ֪ǲϵ˶뵽ɽ֮С
սȭͷݺݵһȭͱ֮ϡ
顭
ʰ۷ͱ֮ϣȴֻǺһСĿӡóɫһҪ֪ƾųʵ˵һͱڣһɽܹһȭ̤ȴֻǺһСĿӡ


1161
¶һ˿֮ɫ벻ɽڷɱʱ򣬰ɽ̤ˣԼˡ
顭
һɽͨڣ³һٶ׼õڿĸͷұš
ҵˣ
һ˷ܵغţ˫һԲԲͷŽĶǸ΢زţ·һҺ尡ζ
³ҲһϲҪӹȥȴȻһ٣תڵͨȵɣǽ磬ǽ׺ͣǣ
һٶ߶ͣȡԼĿͷɱڵͨҺ̬ǺƺϵģΪǲϧս
ಡ
һٶѸٵվ˰³
̤̤
ڵͨ˽ŲӰسǵҰ֮С
ֻˣȲɷϵͺǣҲǾ¹ϵĽͽ׺˭
ؾȻܹͷų⣬Ҳʲôʵô˵Էֻˣ룬룬ǵùһҪɱǣȻץʱҺ̬˭֪ɷϵ;¹ϵ˻ʲôʱ򵽣ܾá
³˰֣ʴԳ˳ȥءΪʾɱԷˣҲӦܹ̽˵ʵ
ǵûжȻܹþ֪̽ԷʵǴϲϢȴѾ֪ԷӦءǵ֮ûжͺԼһͱԷ֪ԼʵʱԷռţܹԷһһοأ
ֻգ֮䣬ؾͳ嵽˳ǵ۵ĸǰֳһ˿еĳǵ۾һɵģ
ͻȻǵ۶ˡһַֻץס˶Էһֻͬһ˶ԷࡣĶΪֱӣûȥץǸغֱӲƣŶԷ˹ȥҺһƲ˶ԷţԷ˳Էһȭ˳ţȴѾʧȥ˫ͷųţ󰵵ȥˤڵϡ
ͨ
һߵҲ˵ϣǵ۵Ҳһࡣ
ۡ
ǵ˵һգ˵б顣
İ³оһѾܹжϳǵ۵ʵأȴжϲʵΪɱ̫赭дˣֻܹжϳʵҪǵǿ
³ֽһӣһغһʰųǵ۳˹ǵۺûһӣվ˳󣬳Цػͷǵһۣȴǵһóһˣȣ
Ǹɫһ㶣ԭ׼ɱǵ۵ģǵ۶㵽˳ʧȥĿ꣬αų˹
Ǹɫһ㶣ǸʰȴһŭΪؿĳ֮ʱȻһͷȥǵۡ
裬裬衣
ǣ³ɫһ䣬ûУһֱȻַӦ֤ʵſͣҪ˺Ѿ嵽˳ǰ
תͷתͷͬʱ˫絶ŽĹ󣬴šʵͬʱ˷ŭ
㵱֮ǰ
һμӿϵٶȣҪ˭ٺڶԷϡ
ǡ
ֻ˲䣬˵ɫͱˡ˲ߣȻܹо˫ٶҪ졣
ⲻҪֻ֣
˵ͬʱ꣬ͬʱ˳֣бһ
ˣҲһ
ۡ
Ȼ˳˫ƣȴֺܹ˫û˿ͣٵش̽ࡣ
顭
˵ȭͷڳţȻᣬѾʧȥ
⡭ܡ
ʶһ仰αȻ˵ϡ
顭
˫һգ飬Ѫϡ
飡
ǵ۰Ȼشӳ˳ŵվ˳ԣ·ղɱһ㡣
³ڲٻ֣ղų赭дͬʱɱһʰغһأܹ赭дһ㣬֤ԷҲһʾسڣʹܹɱһʰغһأȴ赭д


1162
˭
꣡국˵
ǵۣǵԺ˵
³оһӦ뵽Էǳ꣬Ϊϵֻгͻʾء
ǡ
Ү³ȥˣ
³оһѵɱˣҮ³ɲһȥɱ꣬ĸʰһǰ
Ү³أ³ɫصʵ
ˣ국˵
³ĿһЩ߷һ󾪺Ŀ㶼ǲš
Ү³ʲôˣ
ʾشߣϵҲֻоŸʾءҮ³Ǻƺϵĵ֣ᱻԷɱˣ
ţɣ
³ҲţǲҮ³ûȻܹȻ֤Ү³ˡҮ³ôģȴ̽
δǳɱģҲųܹɱҮ³ǳͻƵʾأҲǸոͻʾأôҮ³ʾȣҮ³ĸʰأ
ôʣһԭˣǾǴȥˣͳֽҮ³ɱб㲻һѵɷϵѾˣųͨȵͣǣǿԳˡ
³Щоһɷϵ߽Ƕ棬ܲղŰ³ڻͺǣǿʾأȴֻһʾءڶĳ꣬ǾȫˣȻǿȴһʾء
ͣǣҳ𣿡³һδȡ
ҲҲֵöԷᡣ˵ʵһ˶϶һٶ߻ûаաһٶ˿ɲߣʮʣοǰﻹһʾ۷塣ʱڳ˵ûʲôȵɷϵ;¹ϵߵǸʱǻˮʱ̡
ǣ³ȴȣûжЦȻǲϳôҾͱǳ
䣬һ֣еʰغ۷Ŷĳǵ۷ɱȥ˸һƣͨڷһڳǰĿռͬˮиһ㣬߷ӿ
ʰغ۷壬һ־ͽѣͬųи˹
ǵۿиߣϲһ࣬ӢԼϴǵһ֣·һͲԼܹӦġ̺һվ˳
ʰغ۷ԭҲûǵ۹߶ųиȥҽǰ̤˰벽
ֻҽһ֮ʣͷ˳Ǵ֮
ԭͼǿͷŴ֮򣬻ŷЧǳ뵽Ƭɭ֮󣬾͸о֮Լܴİ
Ȼи߶ı˷򣬸Ǽٶȡʱ򣬳ȴ˫絶Ŷи˹ȥ
ɽһʽ
ɽԭľǺأأټϴ֮öʰɽһʽûеǰʱ򣬾һϢĸо
䡭
˫ײɽڴ죬ɽ𶯣ϸʯӹ䡣ʰغ۷ĺˣһŵɫ
ɽûڶ¡¡֮ɢɽһƬžÿ˶𺳳ǿ󣬾³Ҳ⡣ʱĳʾصʵҪƾʰغ۷սʤ˶ԷҲȲɷϵߡ
ɷϵ˶ȲҺ̬ҲûʸˡҴʱһܲԤУɷϵߵԷʾأԼЩ˽վҪ

ҪƺϵˡҮ³Ѿˣ³ôƺϵ֮ʣ÷һʾغ۷壬ɷϵ;¹ϵŹƺϵĻᡣ
ȻͺǶں治Ǿͳô˻ȰոͻƵʾصĳɵԼҲһ˿ĻᣬֻҪԼܹӻغƺϵԼİģƺϵδܹ
һ֣ʣµʰų˹ȥ˾ǰ˸ʰΧɱ꣬ͲһոͻƵʾصĳеù˸ʰءܹԳ֣Ҫڰͺǡ
곯˰֣ǵ۱㻺صˣںڰĵͨлʧֻʣ˳һˡ
˸Ѿ˳ǰȻ󻺻ƶΧм䣬һ˫˫۾ɱ˳ꡣ
ûжǰ˸ʽΧм䡣ûȥǰ˸һۣĿֱŶİ³˵Ϊǰ˸ɱң
³ƲƲ㲻һոͻʾص߰ˣΪ޵ˣ
ˡ
վڳΧİ˸ʰͷų۷ƣɽ𵴣ͨ죬о΢ҡΡ
꽫ĿӰ³ջأشΧİ˸ʰأдŵЦ⡣ʰغ۷ϣаΪҵĵϸˣǳǱ
˫ַ˽Ĺǳ֮ڻĺӿǱڻۡɽİļʡ޴ĿռڣƵˮʣɽʮʺ
ֻǰһ

ͬӴ죬ͨһƬ³Щʶɫ΢΢԰ףЩ΢΢ҡΣʵµѾڱѪ
³ƤӾһ˫һоʵȻƺôܣ
ѵܹͻƲɣ
һֱʰغ۷ͻƵʾ۷壿
³ȻҮ³˵Ѿͻʮ죬ѵͻƵ۷壿ǱҮ³ȥˣܹͻƵʾغ۷壿
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ

Ҳţ
³һϣ
˸ʰų˹ȥ꽫ֻ첲ƽ٣ȻȻͬһ糵һظתǱɽб
ڰ˸ʰصĸ֪УǸǲǳ˫תһ޾ɽ
ƾղһ磬ռ䱻ͬʵʣͬһԾ
䡭
ͨҡΣҲƬ򣬻طˣ˻档
Ӱ˳ȥоĸʵϵ͵ʰѣʰȻûȴҲһ첲ʰغ۷ֻǿڱѪȴҲɫήҡ
ʰغ۷䵽˵ϣĿ⼫𾪵ų꣬ŵźôôоʵҪȰ³˻ǿһߣ
³ĿһΪ˳ͬڵһؼ˳ȥһʰغ۷˹ȥ


1163
Сģ
³γų˹ǸʰػԶһЩη۵糸Ѿ嵽ǸʰصĸǰŽֲǸʰصࡣ
Ǹʰغ۷˫ʮֽǰ⵲ơ
ǲ
ƻ˶Էֱۣͬһ⵶и˶Էֱֻۣǰ۵ڵϡ
ۡ
Ʋ˶Է࣬һӣ³γǸʰغ۷ǰǸʰغ۷ŴһѪܵĿ׶Ŀѡ
顭
ڵһ壬ų׷˹ȥڵѪΪʱһʰس˹ȥ
Ǹʰغ۷εѣμٵغˣоһ̾ѾʧȥնɱǸʰغ۷ĻᣬԷѾӡ
Ȼһתʧȥսһʰس˹ȥ³Ҳһ֪̾ȲǸʰأαһʰطȥһѽԷץźȥп˳ǸʧȥսʰԴ顣
³еʰط£αһس˳꣬˫ӥצʮָųץ˹ȥ
˫ǰһʮָ縧٣˰³ʮָ֮ϡ

һײڿ죬λȻֿ³˫ʮָ΢΢ʹ
˫ʮָҲ΢΢زһײᵽʾص֮ǰҮ³֮ɱǳһˣǴҮ³һ䲻ʱ³ûаӣһʾصʵǻҪҮ³ʵ
ղŵײʹǱó˾衣
Զɫʮֵء³ɱҮ³
ɫһ㶣û뵽³һֱɱҮ³ԳЦЦ³Ҳֳһ˿Ц⡣
ͬʱҲȷֻǵˣͺǲûڸϵ
ʼҴû˵
žžž³˫˼°ƣõǺõȻҵǰ
˫һ̯ɱ𣿡
³ͷǿϣҲûаܹɱǡ
ָźһָﻹһٶˣȻǵʵﲻʲôǵһʱǾѹһݡ
Ҳͷϰ³˵еⲢζҪͰ³ƴ
³ҿ뿪סҡ
³ֳ֮ɫǧã򲻸ôǵǰӵӣǵȴӲȻ㲻ǵ۵Ҳûа취
ͨٴμžͰ³Զӡڰ³ЩѾЩڴ״̬û뵽ǳݵİ³Գ֣Ȼûаѳ¡ҿղŵĶײƺ˫ƾС
ǳԾǣ³Ȼ׿ڳסꡣ
ôǿ
ǵվڵͨųʵıӰҲһ
ôǿ
ɱҮ³ǵҲΪǴҮ³һ䲻ǽȴʶ˳ʵвһ
ֻʰ۷壬ʵͻƵʾسڣܹϵ֮ս𣿿ʵͻƵʾڣܹɨϵûе˰ɣ
ǵۣȳȥ국˵
ϴû£ǵν˵ʵǿɱҲˡҰ³ҪһЩʵǿΧ㣬Щδܹɱҡ
˵ҲԣЦˣһȰЩˣ
³Ŀһʱ߾ʣ˶ʮ˸ʣһֻʣһ˵ʰغ۷壬һʧȥսʰأҲûһʰء߸أµĶһ¡
ʣ߸رԼ֣ҪأʣµЩֵ£Ҳֵܹǵ۵ĹǵҪߣȴ޷衣
Це˵뿪ҲΪǡ
³ֳЦһӦ𣿾ſҺ̸̬ɱҮ³һѵõΧɱĻᣬһŹ𣿡
ĿŶЩһɨǾһϰɣ
䣬ȡ˾õûлͷǵۣһó۷ʵܹɱپɱ١
û⣡ǵ۵ڵͨ
³ҲԸ⣬˼ơʰؾȡҩ£ϯضʼָʵ³ضס꣬˼ʮȷҪʰػָʵ֮ٶԳ궯֡


1164
국ȻһЦҲȡһƿҩҪµľٶİ³һɡһ֮ʣȻʳ˹ȥվǰİ³Ȼһ
ǡ
ȴͻȻʧˣٴγֵʱȴһնһء
ɽһʽ
䡭
һر룬ʱİ³ҲĿѣвܹ뿪ʰأȷס֮ǰܹ뿪
ʱ򣬳Ѿһس˹ȥ³ȡһ󽣣ųնȥһ٣תõӭ˰³
ܹӭ³һƺƵ˳еĽǶȣʹҪʹ֮֮¶ᱻ³ӿռ켣иʱֻܹӵһٶǾǺͰ³Ӳƴ
ʾعȻ򵥣
ϵսⲪɽһʽŴ֮أصŰ³նȥ
䡭
һһײһ³˫һҡǳȴǺһ
ϣΧ
³һͬʱų˻˹ȥеĴֺƺƵն£ռ¶ȼ½³еĴ󽣾Ȼۿɼٶȱһͬһı׶ͬʱһĽâն˳꣬â֮һƬ
Ȼźܣ
ľһͬʱִӳ󷽣˸شҷ֣ųӿµʮʴżʮʰΧı
ͻȻ˾Ǻõ˫£Ʊ
˫תΧųγһ̫һɫһɫ棬̲޾ܡ
ԶڵͨڣǵųӰ
һ̡
ҰУη·øߴǵ֪Ϊţ˲һֻþ
ǵ۵ͻȻһĿ˱ʰصЩߣӸղŰ³ĺϿ֪Щֻһµߣȫռơ
ο
ʱЩ߶ǵֻʣ˳겻͵Ρ
ಡ
ǵ۵γ˳ȥٶأڳ͵£ûע⵽Σʱÿ˵ζᡣ
ǵ۵˲վΧǰֻƲʵࡣ

ҽн߳ڳ֮е˻ǿǵ۵ʵŰγȥֻиһࡣ
顭
ǵ۵ֻѾ࣬˫ȭǰĺƺϵ߹ȥƺϵд󾪣Ƕ֪ǵ۵ʵأôֻʣʮһʣһֻأǲܹǵ˺˵ʰأܹǵ㹻Ļռ䣬ǵ۵ʵò˶ʱͻὫǼʮɵ
ʮһʽһҧǵۺΧҪľǽǵ۽סɱǵۣҲܹǵֻҪȴ³Ǳ߽˳꣬ǵ۱һˡ
ǡ
³ʱɫҲÿնĺ̫߱סغַĹҲ̫ס
ȫû뵽ҲȫŵĽǿһ֮ûˣҲἫΪǱһöԲӲƴ
ǳ껹ûжسĹǸʲôȻܹתƣ

һ̫ϣ̫ų˫תתһ⣬תơ
꽫غĹתƵ˹򰲵³ĺߡ
䡭
غͰ˸صĺȻܹȫֵס³ĺߣʾصܹȻʱЩڣղǰغصĹ֮ʽǣת˰³ĺߣǽ³ĺתƵػأһܹػ
꿼ǵǰ³ʵ̫ǿǧҲҪ˵Լδܹ׼ؿסߵķ
񰲵³ߵѾغһ룬˫תһǣһ㽫ʣһܵĺߴһߡ
һߣʮһΧǵۡǳǣһȴʮһʣڱʰص
顭
䴩壬ĸɾǸϳһȴûѪͬһ
³Ӧ죬ֻ˲֪ܹԳԶ빥ǹĹܹǵĹƫı䷽ȥˡ
ս
³ųغͰ˸Ҳųÿ˶ȡ˱С
ʵ죬˫ڿл켣Ʈ죬˫ƷĹ󣬾׼ճһĵͽϣһĵǣ

³Щеĵ˴ײת硣ʵϳ겢ûпȥôɣѾӵ˼£ŽеĹжڵԪҲܵ𶯣һ˿ʡ
ȴһϲ⼫µѹ֮£оԼ̫һ˿̷ȡҲ֮֮ݣȫȫس˶̫֮С

³ʮĸʶ죬۳Ķȴ·ֻһ˫ȴǼʱؽһǣð³еĵ໥ײ໥
ӿϲãνرģͬһ磬˫һ֮ϣһβܵǣı˷
ƺϵд󾪣ղŻֻеĵǣƫƣԼ嶼ƫƣԷǣ
ʲô
ֻа³ܹסԼȶȴܹԼĹƫ𾪵ԸӣֹһֱֵܹĻԼ޷Ѿڲ֮أ
ʵϳʱɣ³вǳرǰ³Ĺдżıһ˿˿뵽ڣӰ쵽壬оּȱȻܹڵԪԪתٶȶĶȻҲܵӰ졣
Ķһ˿ͺһ˿Ӳ
³۾һȡһƿҩѸٵ̷ͬʱʮλʿ˰³ĶҲ׷׺ˣɿȡһƿҩ̷³ʮϵϢǰ˸صϢѾأصʵʰأǰ³ϢҲʾغڡ
Ŀһ֪һֶʱʵҩɷϵ֮ŵְ֪Եҩֻһֱûʱȥоҩϲûҩ
һת뵽ڵļȱڵǳ֮˳ת˫ǰڶ˫ϥ΢΢ǽµĴؾȻ¡


1165
顭
³Ȼųײ˹ȥеĴѾһ׶ͬһų˹ȥռ˼ХΧĿ½ͬһųƺƵسײȥʾغڵʹųûжٵĽǶȣΨкײ
ֳأһоΧһж·˼άͬʱʮĸһųɱ˹
·ڷ籩ģ԰³Ϊ׵ʮڷҩ֮ƶһȼóеľ
һ̡
ʮʵĹʧȥһȴһͣʮ˳ΧĿռ䣬ȫڹ֮ڡ
˫ʮʵĹ̶ͬأƫƷơ
ֳʱ˫Ҳͬʱоأβɸӵؽͣ˫۶΢΢
ǧ
ǡ
˵ʱȴоԷǧǧ
رǰ³ѹֻһ˵ѹóоԼܵǧ
³һ˿ϲãоֹĹֵסˣʱһǳ걻նɱһ̣Ҫֻٸһ˿ѹ
³еĴͬһгųײ˹ȥÿһڿһȦһȦĲӰͬųɱǰ˸ȴƮ죬ÿһ̻չ˵ĵط
ʮֵĹֱӣͣϬпȴηͬˣһ˽һˣóû˿Ϣʱ䡣
棬âȭӰų깥ȥ
ΧǿУܣȫһ˿϶һƬܼĹ֮У񱩵һش򱬣¡¡죬˲·ڱըġ
Щ˴ûΧɱһˣǳһȴżȵĬڰ³£ǰк󣬴£óܵδйѹ
΢΢˫ۣΧѹеսڰȻʮûиӵĸоηǰӣʽ໥ֱֲиɻ
ʮʿĹûеǰǱĿѾϵ·ѣʵ͵·ȻƬƬ裬嶼ɰһ磬񱩵ó꼸Ϣ
˫ֿʼŻ̫ȻȻֵķΧСȴһָΣյϢ
ǱȻ˫֮䱬죬һһ̫Ȼ׳΢е˫ĿȻ˫һ֡
ڳ˫һ֮ʣ³ȻһһָоԵĲǳ꣬Ƿ·һһžҪը
䡭
޴ܱը·һźըѣ޴ΧӣǲηµʮͬеĿҶ޵ֿź󷽷ȥ
ȵֵסľǰ˸أͬı۱Ļھ·ֽ⣬飬˴ػûüһ㱻촷ۡ
صˤԶĵϣȻһӵȴҲѪ죬͸¶־塣
³ڿһ˵ϣžҵţһò԰ףĿ˼ɵ
ʱѾȫ㣬ĿҲһһ縣ͬؤװһ㣬ɫ԰ֽһ˿Ѫǰغ߸һۣĺһצۣɼǣ类ȥһ⣬˿ȴûѪ򱻱ֱųӡ
õʱ̣
顭
³ڵһߣԾ˫Ŵ󽣣ų긩ն˹ȥؽһҧҲ
ꡭ
˲ȡ˾õ鲼õ߾٣֮ӣʱĳͬ
䡭
嫱Űųһն˳Ͱ³ȱײǼȱ˲֮ϵı׶Ȼ顣³ϵ˳ȥǱŰ֮źкȥ
صε˳ȥ𾪡λ΢üһ߶һкȻ꾹ȻǿؾأٸһЩʱ䣬ϵĶ
ۡ
еشӿ׹䵽ϣȻ󷭹ţϲϵžž֮
ǵķ֮ͣҲʧȥϢŰ֮Ѿݻǵ࣬ƮɢŽζ
𣿡
³촽鴤ţԼĺܾȻǶԷĶ֡ʮߣһʾأغͰ˸أȻ˰˸أء
³һССսȴûмǿĶ֡
Ҳֻϵ֮ǿʵɣ
ʱ״ϵۺͱצ۹ðѪϵıӣоԼûɫ԰ֽ
Ѹٵشڵһ䲻ֱ֮ӷ뵽УҺ˳£Ȼɿȡһƿҩ¡
䡭
ʱһߵսϣǵ۴ĺĳȣһսȻˮƽӡͬʱĶ֣ǾŸʼ˰³һǱвɻҡ
˫һһ㱻˲
ǵĳһƣ˰˸ʣֻӳһȭʣµһʡ
һ̣
ǰ˸ʸоԼСˣСһƴСȫǵ۵һֻ֣ҵǵ۵ƺȫȥԮھŸʡ
Ƕǵһֻȭͷʣɫ԰ף˫ֳ˾ʱоǵȭƺƵ޿ɵֵеĽǶȣͬһ׵ĸ
顭
ػ˫ȭҪֵƵһȭڻ֮ѾʧȥʮӲɣȭɢңǵ۵ȭ֮ȫ
䡭
͸оԼƺǱһǺսڸʻײɣڴһѵſһѪȻ౻˳
顭
ˤڵϣѾûϢ
顭
ǵ۵ĴڵһߣͻȻ˵ʰس˹ȥ
סǣ
³һһ߸ߺһǵ˹ȥ
ಡ
ͻȻڰ³ǰ֮ð³һһǲ֮ʮʽն¡
³ɫһղžΪ׼㣬ûϵӵܶóһءʱڶҪԳܾжܣ


1166
˻
Ű³һ޾ıӿǰ³˳׼֮һǰ³ܵ۷״̬
ڿռſܶ˲䱻Ȼѣͬһڵϣʧ
䡭
˫ڶײкľ˵ͬʱ˶Է
顭
ڳһɱײǵ˲Ѿɱ嵽Ǹʰغ۷ǰһȭԴ
ǵ۵ϳϲãһʰغ۷ҪˣԺеôˡ
ǵ۵ȻһǸʰص۾Ȼһȭ
顭
˵ȭͷײһǵ۵α㵹˳ȥڿзݺݵײұ֮ϡ
ۡ
ԭϲİ³ɫһ䣬ʰغ۷ҡһ£ȻһѪɫ԰ֽϾˣʵѾ߰˰ˣո˻ûгӣǿһǵ۶һȭ
顭
ұǱߴصǵ۵ұϻ䡣Ȼ˵ʰزûлɱǵۣҲǵʮܣصͬʱҲһѪʰصķֳ˾¡
ͨڼž³ûҲû򰲵³ִڵȡһ䲻̷֮ϵڿٵػָۺͱצ۴ڿٵ䶯ۿɼٶϣϵıҲʳҩ֮˹˳ȥ
վڰ³г˾£ڳǰѾɥʧһʺҲûгǵ˶ȥΧǴʱѾ˳սʮʾȻֻʣ˰³أһ˿η壬һ˿ηԭز˵ǵۣǿ־˳ꡣ
̤̤̤
ڳͻȻ˽ŲͰ³ɫͬʱһ䣬ǵȥǵ۵ԣȵ죡
ǵſͣûпʲôоʲôͻҺ˳£̱оԼڿٵػָʱ򣬰³Ѿվʰصǰ棬ɺͳԶڵصͨһһҡ
һܼĽŲڳͰ³˵Ұг֣һˣʮǱɢŨѪζһ֪ով˴ս
ǲһȻס˽Ųǿ˰³ͳˡ³Ŀһû뵽¹ϵĽͽ׺ˡ
Ǻǡ³Ŀھ¹ϵߵɨܶ޵Ĺ
΢΢۾ǵٶȹˣȴû뵽ƺϵܵǵǰ档
ǡ
Ͱ³ԵСʲôˣѵɷϵˣ԰ɷϵôɳôߣأأѵû
һˣûŪ״֮ǰûкҳ֣ȻʱȥǵʵռݺܴơĿӳƿ˰³ϡ
³Ү³û
³촽鴤һ£û΢΢˫ܴ˵ʰأҲ˵ϵһЩʬ壬ֻǵͨЩҾܹ͸ȥֱ治Щʬ徿˭
ĿٴŰ³Ƿ˹ȥüͷ³ЩЩʶģʰأءıʶˡҲˣ𾪣³ʣô˶ǿޣǱǱߵСӶɱģ
ǡʧС̽ʵȴǳϲãƺϵľʣҺ̬ûкƺϵʲôˣͰѰ³ɱ
ʱ򣬳ȴһֱڶž¹ϵվǰĽͽ׺ȻΪ˵صʵǳȴӰ³ɵжϳǰվھ¹ϵǰ˾ǽͽ׺
˳Ҳ֪˵ʵ֮ǰǵѾϵ״ϸĽ˵
磬ʾ۷塣׺ʾسڡ
磬ʮСֻһҵߣվһӡ󣬵ǳȴо

ѽһذףվԵĽ׺ͬһף׳ֻ۾ͬͭ塣
ǵ뵽ʱʵǾ¹ϵͣ³ͻȻڵ


1167
Ŀ΢Ŀһ˳ǵ۵ϣ³Ļ˼ԣǵ뵽٣ֻˡѵҮ³Ҳ
ǵ˶ɱˣ³ٴοڵǸɱˡ
ͽ׺ɫʱĿ˳ꡣԺѸٵ˼ǰ˭
ȻܹɱʾصҮ³ǰ˾˭
³Ȼ뵽ͽ׺е˼ΪҮ³Ҳʹ֪Ҳָ̧͡Ŷĳһ£λ꣡
׺һ˫ĿȻͷųâꣿӢͻƵĳꣿ
³صͷƽһĿų˳ꡣ¶һ˿š
ɱҮ³
ǣ국˵ȴǽ¹ϵѾˣϰ³ܹʾأԸҲ֪ʾ֣ԼûаʤĻᣬ¾ߵĻᶼࡣ
㵥ɱҮ³ɲš
ǣ
㲻͵Ϯʵúܲòоţһոͻʾص߻һʾɱ⻹ֻ֪ʰ۷塣
΢˼һµ㲻͵ϮʱҮ³ȷʵҡ
¶Ȼ˵ɫҲֻŽ͵ͨӳ꣬Ү³һʵ衣
Ү³һĻĸʰأ
ʱ򰲵³ٴƺϵ磬뽫ͽ׺ͻ³ΣյĵˡһӦˣټϽͽ׺³վˡ
һٴνĿ˳꣺˵ģ
ͷѾ˵ĥʲôӳȥͬʱҲɷϵ߶Ƿ𣿺ƺϵ;¹ϵ˶ˣǻûе
Ĳɷϵߵˣ겻ô˵ԭɷϵ˵ľƣɷϵҲԸͳ֣˳ҲʱûΣա
˻
㵹һһɵһʾغĸʰء͵ϮһԻ͵սοͲ͵Ϯⲻӳꡣ
ղɱʰأʰءǵɱþʣȫء
³һ𣬲ϧԽ˰ҲҪýͽ׺Գ߾裬νͽ׺жԳˡǽ绹ǲŵʵҲˣ
Χ꣬ǾʣЩˡ
³߳꣬Ϊýͽ׺ӳ꣬Գ⣬ܹɱԳʵ㱻ɱҲýͽ׺ˣ³лᡣ
ؿų꣬ʵģ
ʱʮףԼش𣬽ͽ׺ŹԼΪǲܿɷϵжһ֡ҲûлѾȴֻͣǵ˵ľİɣ
šüͷâ˸ʹǰ³ѳ˳̶ȣҲûаѳԼһʾ۷ɱһոͻƵʾسڵĳꡣ
ǽ׺ڳ껹Ǻ˽⣬Ͼǰ߱ϵָӣ̽ռɷϵͺƺϵ鱨ڳȵźϸϡʱһʵ͵ӶţɵӶѻ֣ѻǱų꣬Ӷأֻ˽뵽ɣ
һ˵ţһ߾ΧţҪҵѻֵλãԲֻгǵ
Ӷţ
Ժзƺ˵˵ףа֪ôˣûҵ
磡
һǺսڣһͬԲָϵ˷ܵغҵһ򣡡
ڵһӣ
ǸͨԱѸٵôẓ̇Ļϱֳ˵ס
ƣǱߵĳɼô
ϢѾҵһƷһǰƷǱô
ҵһžƷ򣡡˼üɫ衣
ʲôĲţϵûҵһžƷû뵽˾ȻҵһžƷ
ģȻģ㿴򣡡
˵ƿĻϳһƬɭ֣ľĸ߶Ⱥïܵĳ̶ȣƾܹǿϵԪʮŨ
̫ˣǵ꣡
ǡ
ͻȻӴĻڴ˲ҽ֮Ȼ㿴˵ʧ濪ʼζ֮Լ֮ҡεĻֳ˲Ǻ˵ס
쳣ޣȳ롣˰ȫطϵ
˷ܵɫ̱ýţǸͨѶԱϵˣ
ǣǸͨѶԱҲһĽš
һ֮û˵ѶϢ̾һߵϴĸǰ͸ϴããȥһͷ˳
ϴѾҵ
صͨڡ
ĬȻ˸оء׺ʱѾ˲ݣԵĽѵӶѻ֣ѻܹвʵɷѻǹ
Ͱ³жһɷѻǹȻԻʾأȴܹʾءںͳɱУͻȻǹġԻסǸᡣ
³һ֮侲һµӶŵľѻֲ
ţͽ׺Ŀ˰³
³Ŀֱų꣺ӶŵѻţղŲܲѻҡǸղһֱûһѻֳ֡
ͨڼž³ͽ׺Ŀⶼڳϡ³޲ýͽ׺˺ͳƴܾˡǽͽ׺Ȼ㰲³뷨
ڽͽ׺в֪ղΧʱ򣬲ûҮ³Ү³ͱӢɱˣΪڸղŵɱУڰ³Ү³һȺʰأغصΧУҮ³һȺʰأغնɱ
ʵ̫ǿˣ
ʾ۷Ľ磬ΪݵΧ£Ҳֻܵķݶһһܹӵõ
˼ά£ͽ׺ôܽ³һߣȥսꣿ
ͽ׺һۣ㽫Ŀһߵİ³һĿ⣬³о̾һ֪ҲΧɱꡣ
ܲӦɱҮ³ܹҳ껹ɱ˺ƺϵôʣ𲻱ԺĿ


1168
οֻҪɱ˳ꡣʵҪ뿪ͽ׺ҲǿҲסͿ뿪ȵɷϵߵҲܹˮ㣬õһЩҺ̬
ǣ겻ȵɷϵߵųļ룬ɷϵͻռݾԵơǸʱһ³޻ᡣ
Ҳظоյı仯֪³ͽ׺ҪΧɱԼˡ
ڵصͨУ¹ϵ߶˳ڣǵۿұڣ³˿Ҳұڣ֮ͨͨûˡ
̧ǵ۵ļȻָָָͨصͨǵ˲˳˼Ҫʾսһ뿪ǵûԥ֪ʱԼǳ׸һݣͨȥ
ûǵۡһصߺǿǻûзʾصʱǵĿǳֻ꣬ҪɱһھҺ̬ʱǵۣ˳˾ǡ
ǵڷӵ;лͷһ۳꣬вֳһͷ⻹ǵμĳ𣿡
ǵһӣһ߻šʱ򣬳ʵǺ£Ǹʱĳ껹Ҫɱµۣ͵õͻƣƾԼʵյնɱȻ뿪Ӣǡ
꣡
ֻ꣬һγǰѾʼʰءҲǳŬû˷һʱ䣬ӢǵԴʱͻƵءţټʱԼȻܹսʤ꣬ȴҲԺһս
ǡ
ʵȴͳľԽԽԶĳѾʰ۷壬һͨϵʰ۷壬ǿԺʾؽֵʰ۷塣

һҪͬʱսʾصʰ۷塣
һ̡
ǵ۵г˾ɥԼʺԶ˻ɡ
ǵ۵źֻʱ˳ĺ棬ҲһﵽǸ̶ȣҳԽҲ׸һΣһͳ겢սαΪ׸
ʱ磬׺Ͱ³ڱƽꡣȴͻȻڰ֣Ȼٲǰȥ磬׺Ͱ³ɶס˽Ųܵؼųֳ꣬Ҫʲô
˵ʱλѾ൱ұڣˣ벻øܵСһ뿪ұڣ˰ΧȦС
ߵ룬Ȼʾأֵˣǿһˡ
磬׺Ͱ³ɫһͣȻϱ㼱ظֳŭ֮ɫǣڳǡ
ȻǾͳȫ㡣
磬׺Ͱ³Ϊʾأûͽͳ깫ƽһս̶ȶ֪ϸûйƽҪҲǹƽҪľӮһֱӮȥΪĽܾܿ
ʾѸٵƶλãΧм䣬صͨžһƬƺϵ;¹ϸ߶Զ˷ܵعۿţʾشʱҲشűǰΧмĳꡣ
䡭
ʾؼͬʱͷųԼƣڲϵԼơÿһﶼʮĴս֮ǰƵıƴǳҪΪܹӰһʿ̬
һߵ̬Ƶʱôʵʮɱ㷢Ӳ߳ɣᱻѹƣ󱻶ֽƻΪʤƣձԷնɱ
ʾصֳϲãΪǾȻԼƺ谭ײڳϣʱĳͬڱ룬ڱƼѹš
ֻǡ
۾ͻȻһУΪʵǿط֣ԼʿƲûײڳϣڳһţƼѹ
һֱ΢Ȼԡ
ʾصѹȸУʾصѹȸУ
˫ĿȻڻ谵ĵͨУͬһǧߵĵݡ
ɣҿʵ
䡭
ƴڱ˳ͬһ˳ȥѹϵƷ˳ȥ
ǡ
ͽ׺𾪵ų꣬ǴûмƣǶ߲գᣬǵĸоȷʵһãͬһɵ硣
ֻа³¶һ˿ɬѾֹĹͬһǳһǳֻľ
䡭
ʱҲԼʵˣÿϵϢڱҲڷű仯


1169
øС˶СһȦԭͲߵĸͷһ٪塣׺ȴǡǡ෴˲ңһȦͬһһѹȸС
³ûб仯˫ȴ˺ܴı仯ֻʹͬŽȣұ
ɫоʾصϢʵʡǿм伷ѹְͬųƽѹ
̫ƶײĦѹһȭܹһӵļӲأʼ˹ѡ
֮ս
ĸ˶óԼ۷ʵһؽʯ쾪
Ѿ̶ȣѾʧȥ˺˵Ŀܣʱ˭ˣ˭ͻӭĽ١
ͽ׺˵Ŀ¶֮ɫ֮ɫлһ˿־塣ԭǴ㱣һʵð³ܵѹһЩɱʱҲðˣܹٽ³նɱ
ͬ³Ҳͬ뷨ǽȴľ
ʵ̫ǿˣǿʾزұһʵǲƴȫƾͻѹ
ôôǿ
һʾȴ׷˱ʵ֡ʱжʮɱʱգó뿪Žһսȥһսľڻ֮ͨʵƱһξ´Ѿûɱ
˵ĳɳ̫ˣ
ǲ̫˽ĽͰ³Ҳ֪ɷϵûж꣬ҳֵʱ򲻹һ
ǣ̶̵ļ꣬꾹Ȼɳ˵زٸ꼸꣬ɳʲô߶ȣ
ųδʵǵвɷһ˿㤡

ܹóɳպֻܹ
ձ
飡
³̤ǰһͳ֮ײһð³ܵ޾ѹΪ̤ǰһƻʱƽ⣬ҪųѹдӹĽͽ׺ѹ
ǣȴҧϺһҪϵѹĿռ䡣
ͽ׺һۣʱͰ³һϵƣ³Ϊܲסѹ״ҲòȥǸʱƻᱬγѹ֮ơ
ҴʱҲ˺飬³ܹƽѵث
ԣҲᶨǰһ
顭
ʾسǣٴγһƽ⣬ѹ˳Ŀռ䡣
ʱо˲ʣͬڼѹγɵ̫˱Ρ
顭
ʾĬȻͬʱһóһϢĸо
˻
һһѵУ־õǳ
˫֣λת̫Ȼ
䡭
ĸ˵ͬʱرÿ˶оԼʵǿǿײгˮƽӡ
ԶǵѾͣס˽ŲͷĴߵսʱ谵ĵͨڱҫͨʹźԶҲܹоĴǿơ
¹ϵͺƺϵɫ԰ףη׷׺ˡǸоβ뿪ԶһЩͻᱻĴߵ˺Ƭ
οʼģΧһ˿˿磬һ˿˿αģһָо·Ҫȥ
ĿһԷȻзܡȻһ˸оռ˺ܶࡣĿŽ׺ȥһ޵Ĳ˹
ȻǴ֮򣡡
½׺ȻԼһӵŴ֮任ĵط֮ŵӵ
˻
³µĴسһųĽ˹
䡭
ͷųǴű򣬰ų̫ͷ·һžǣžǵΧ˰˸СǳΧ̫תűʾѹȶȥñֱ̫ϰ˿Сǳ·һС棬ͷ·С֮ʾء
ĸԪ໥ײγɵĽɱˣͨʼʯ
Ŀ罣һϣ
αͬһϬų˹һֻųȥͬһѳ
׺ȴͬһֻܣÿ̤ǰһΪ֮¡¡һֻɳȭͷصųԴȥͬƿա
³һֻƣͬһֻŽȣȴּȱͬɽųǰײ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬׺ͬȭͷϷųԴƵ˳ʺ³ɽľųǰײȥ
̫İ˿ǳзֳǳֱӭʾأʱڳΧ
䡭
ǳʾصĹײ³һ˫Ƶǳ֮ϣǳȻ˰³һȴۿɼٶȱ
ǳ׺ͬľȭ𣬵ǣǱƵȴǹǳն˳ʺ
ಡ
һֱڳΧǳŽƵӭ˹ȥֻǳĿһע⵽һʽƵֿʼն˹Ĺ켣
Ŀһ˫Ȼһţ˿ǳײ
Ǵű
ɲǼ䣬һ޾졣
ǳ˰Ǵű֮󣬵һʹá񱩵Ĵӣ쳣ӲĴһƬѣɽʯڶϸСѷ졣
ʾصźĶˣһؿڱܣһϢĸоϮͷͬʱ¶һ˿־塣

ʾضḻˣһ֪ս걬ֻϵ֮ϼ
ĪǡѾӵϵ֮ʵ
ʾ޷ǰʵʹӵϵ֮ʵƾʾ֣Ҳܡ
ʾ˲նȥеĿ־壬ԽǿǾԽҪɱԲܹٸһ˿ɳʱ䡣
ʴʿȶΣҪڶνȴֳе˫Ȼһһ̫Ľ׺Ȼȥ
ֻ˲䣬̫Ѿ˽׺ǰ׺˫ϥ΢䣬˫ȭȻ
䡭
׺ʾ֮ԭʵͣڳǿ̫£һѪα㵹˳ȥ
顭
³ͽһһų˹ȥһһ硣
˲䣬ͱ飬ǰ³ͽĿȴһ
Ӱ
ǽֻǳĲӰʱѾŵɵĽ׺Ӷȥ˸߿գе˳նȥ


1170
ꡭ
ã
һαһų׷˹ȥеĳȻһʮʽŽնȥ
㽪λ磬֮£Ҳ޴ɶ㡣˫ڿһαź󷽷ˡ
ʱѾ׷ŵ׹Ľ׺̧һֻŽ׺ͷȥ
ŵˤĽ׺ɫһ䣬˫ͷʮֽ棬⵲һš
ʱ׺ѾʮԼʵͳŲࡣֵֻܹһţȻͰ³ܹظϹ
顭
׺ֻԼ˫۴˾ҵʹͻȻһ٣󱳺ݺݵײڵϡ·ɢ˼һ㣬ʹ˹ȥ
ӣ
׺ر۾һʤ׷ɱںӶĽͰ³ҲΪ
ǡ
ǵҰУȴһ֮ͬһڵһؾֱŵͨɶȥ
顭
˽׺ԣ鿴ǷѾɱ³ͣҲһ׷ȥ
ˣǵҰУѸٵʧ
ղһֹѾǳ۷ʵ֪ԼֻҪپƬ̣¾ԶҲ߲ˡ˲䱬忪һѪ·ֻźԼܵ˽ǣûн׺ɱ
гǵ۵Ӱ
ϴ󡭡
ǵ۸ոպһѾӵĸǰһץסļ򣬺ȵҪ
ǵ۵оһ㶣̶оһ㱣ȵٿΧĻʱɴѾǵͨһƬأΧɽݺᣬ鲼ľɭɭ
꽫ǵս֮ǰţﾫӲȥֻ۲Χ뾡һطһƱػ׷ٴαΧϣֻ·һ
Ȼ䣬۾һǰĵ濪ʼһѣЩѷпխʮңխȴֻмס
ͷȥҰ֮лʾءһα뵽磬ͬʱŰƴСŵһֻдԼ׿ѷ֮С
ϴ󡭡
ǵڿ˳꣬һܾģų걼˹ģ
һƨ˲ݵϣղŵɱȻݣȴľһաڵһߴŴһ˵ѵûн飿
аʲôǵһͰ͵˵ġ磿
ţͷȡһƿҩ£ȻٴǵۣʼָΪ
ģ́ͷ˷ȥ𾪣вסظ̾ô󰡣
ڡ
ӰһƬѷ֮ǰȴǽͰ³׷˴ͣס˽Ųǲ׷ǲ׷ˡ׷ЩˣʱɷϵĶ鵽ֻһ˵Ľ׺»ᱻɷϵɱ
̷ӣûаԥﶼףѾʧȥɱĻᡣҲǵһͨջͨгڣӵˡ
뵽ɳĳ꣬˵жʮֳء
ಡ
Ͱ³˵ϣĿһʱ㿴ɷϵĶѾ뵽磬ǵҲͬǱ;޸աһ٣ͺȴȫϵ
³Ŀ˸ǣʱи϶ǳһɱҮ³
ͺǵֳ˺֮ɫʵЩ㲻ˡ
ԭոսʱ򣬿ƺϵֻʣ¼ʮˣҰ³Ү³ڣ¹ϵȴʣһٶˣҽ׺ڣȻ׺ˣȴ϶Ǿ¹ϵͺƺϵ֮䷢˻ƴƺǾ¹ϵյʤ
ǡ
ô¶
羹ȻͰ³Ƕأģ֣ǵжԡôǸղڶԸ˭˭Ȼܹϵ֣
ǣ
ЩɵʵʱҲղŽ¹ϵͺƺϵһ򾡣ʱ˽Ͱ³ֵģ̴ԭ⡣
ԷʾأȻ׺ˣ˵ʾҲʾأֻʾأھ¹ϵͺƺϵֵ£ɷϵ߲ʱͰ³໥һۣӦʲô
ƺϵֻа³һʾأ¹ϵߣȻʾأǽ׺ȴˣʵҲֻʣ½һʾء־֣Ǿ
ԣ̶´¹ϵͺƺϵ߾۵һ𣬳װڳֵ̬


1171
һ£ɷϵ˾͸ԻˡȻ¹ϵͺƺϵ֣ô׺˭˵ģ
ѵʱ·ϱϵģ
ʱƺϵ;¹ϵ˺ܽţΪǶ֪ͨһɷϵĸֳ꣬ʱܳƺϵ;¹ϵĴǡ
͵Ŀɨֳб㸡ֳһͷ
ԣ׺Բʱ·ˣΪžսĺۼ涼Ϊ֮ѣǵĶһǿ
뵽͵Ȼһ
Ǹǿ߾һʲôˣȻܹͬʱʣ
ûУΪûǸʬ壬ϵʬ嶼Ǿ¹ϵͺƺϵߣΪϴеķװ
Ǹǿ߾˭ϵʲôʱֳһǿߣ
᲻ޣ
͵ĿϸɨսĺۼԺڸԭսһĻĻʻԺлطšʱ򣬴ܹԺеĻطţһ𾪵þ쳣˲֪˭һ֮⣬͸ԭĳȻ֮ǰභĳųơ
ޣͶֳ֮̽ȷһһߡ޺սµĺۼͬ
һƬžϵ߶Ŀ֪ͣǷսȡ͵ľ
﷢ʲôʵ
Ͱ³һۣɫ˵﷢һޣִˡ
ޣ͵ֳһ˿
ɫ䣬ʵҲʮսϵĺۼһʾأһܹߡǲ˵Ǻɱл뵽꣬Ȼ᲻󣬵ȴһ˿ᡣ˵ޣԼȥ°ɡ
͵ɫֳһ˿ԥջûоϵսһ¹ϵͺƺϵ֮󣬺ɷϵʵ£սһܾ˵ľ档һ棬һδ֪ǿ˼ɡ
ǲһЭ飬ҸƾѰҺ̬˭ҵľ˭ģ
ͰҲг³һͲҪƴ롣ղźͳභķǳʱͿս·һġ˵ûˡ
ã̵ͷӦ
Ҳͬ⣡³Ҳͷ
ϵ߿ʼĬڵڷֿռһ̣ʼѰҺ̬һڿ
ڵڻ죬ܹԶһֱ̽һƾ棬̽Χȴһֱûп˿Ϊϵ߻ûеǵڿĻӹͷųһƾһ֪ڿ
¹ϵͺƺϵʼڿˣ
ԣ
ƺϵֻʣ°³һʾأͽ׺Ź³ţ׺ӦˣӦò໥һûҵҡһܣɷϵ˸ϵˡ
ɷϵ˸ϵˣԼҪҪȥ
纣ûȥӢǱԼɷϵӦú;¹ϵһʾأټ꣬Ӧлｫ¹ϵͺƺϵʾظɵ
ǣɵʾ֮Լκͺ纣ദǻӦԼҵҺ̬Լ
ᣡ
Ǹʱһͺ纣ʾأԼҲɷϵͺ纣ȻΪõҺ̬ҲӦԼңΪԼҾɷϵ֮
굱ȥˣΪȥֺܷ֮纣ɱ磬׺Ͱ³ȻֱڿΪҺ̬ʵ̫ˣԼҲԼһ
Ҳܹô氡
ţôܹҵҺ̬
ǣԼȥ˭֪᲻ᱻϵ˷֣
ڣüͷšǵۿüͷšвЩȻϾž¹ϵͺƺϵʾأܵ֤򲻹ʾ֣ʾطǶͳֻ·һ
ϴ󣬿ǡǱˣ
ҡҡͷǵ۾һüͷ
ؿǵһ۵Ϊʲô
ȻѰҺ̬ǵһסɣϴǶˣ㻹ŵõҺ̬
ϻûеõҺ̬һǰ״ˣ
ǡǡǵۿ˰죬ȴǲ֪ô˵źá
ڰǵ۰ͨ̽һ£ľͲܹԶ΢ԶһͱŹֵĴų飬ԳľҲֻܹң˸ͿʲôҲֻܹͨ𵴣ľʱ򣬸оѾʼڿˣЩڿ˾ԼжԶ֪
ô죿
üͷɵȣһԲġܹõһЩҺ̬ܹսǱ⣬ȻڽɵֱҺ̬ȥԼȥǻĵؽҺ̬ȥɷϵҪҺ̬ľԲֹԼңֻûԼǸʵȥᡣҳ껹Ըͷȥ¹ϵͺƺϵۣ֪ʵ˷ʵݣֻҪڳҺ̬ʱϵ֮Ͳ˿⡣
ֻҪ֪õҺ̬ʤβܹõ
Ȼ䣬һСǡС࣬ССʱܹ뵽ұڣ˵ܹұڴġ
ʵҲľܹ͸ұڣһСҲǾ״̬еһֻ֣ľ̫ǿѾ۳ʵ塣
ֻǲ֪Сȥ᲻ᱻĴų飿
ЩģȻСѾܹľȴ굣ġ
԰ɣ
һϵһߡΪ˽ǺǺսս磬ֲҪǷСǣ㽫мһϸһǺսǣһСǡ
뵽һߣչܿҵССĻ֦չڲݵϱܡŵ껽ǣųӶ
꣡
ڰֹסǣ淢ٵؽһߡ찡˭֪³ʱڵ
꣬ȰҷųȥĴųС
Уϵҡͷһȥɱˣͳˡ
СЩжΪѾƵūܹѾ㡣ųһֵֻֻȷųȥʧһ᳤ֻ֣
Ȼ֪ܹ˵ʵСǵĺ֣ǵ任״Ǵȥͬһһ㣬СǷŵ棬˳֪Ǿ֮⣬û˻֪


1172
ã
£ҲԥһСһֱֻѾ֮⡣
ôŵʵ
ˣСͷ
һС˻ĿСϣϵɫһϲСû˿˺
û⣿
СҡҡͷĴֻܹ֤Сʱڲ⣬СʱǱҺݰСʱܹһγȥ
Ѿܺˣ˷ǳȥ֮󣬲Ҫ汩¶Ҫһֱڵص׺ұڡ˾ͷֲǣﲻܹ̽飬ֻҪǲ¶㲻˷ǡ
֪ˣС࣬ССһͷ
ǵѰһҺ̬ĽǴԪռ䣬һһ
һ˵ţһ߽ԪռݸС࣬СС̽ԪռŽ˿УȻѽϵ·͹µִµسڳǰ
֪Ҫڵص׺ұڴеԭ򣬵ַʵ̫ˡһ㽫Ƴ磬ȻԼľ̽ףֻҪСǵһľ֪ǻˣὫս硣
ʱڵѷУС࣬ССһų˵صףȻдС
ʱ£˲ݵϷʳǳҩʼָԼԪһߵǵ۴ʱȴͻȻȥ϶뿪磬ðѰҺ̬ˡ
ҪƲҪ
ǵ̾Ϣţͬʱų겻Ҫ¡
Сʱʱ䣬͸ȥһƾо۲һ£С࣬̽С˽Сһ㽫ǸԪռӸ˳꣬ȻͷҲصسǸҺ˽ȥ
֮ССҲȺԪռ佻˳꣬ȻҲֱҺȥ
ͷֱ鿴Ԫռ䣬ϱֳϲɫԪռڸһҺ̬ÿһԼг˵ȭͷС
Һ̬ҰСܹ뵽ѰңСʱŸҵһ飬ɷϵҲӦøϵ˰ɣ֪ϵҵ˶٣
ʱϵųѷƽ˵ʱ򣬰³ҵһȭͷСҺ̬֮⣬СʱȥϵҲûӴҵһҺ̬
Сʱ
С࣬ССվ˳ĸǰڳǰԣ̰Ƴ磬ȻһοʼָԪ
һߣѾȥСʱˣûаϢʼý겻Ψһİοڻǰȫģ֤껹ûг¡
ֹȥ˽СʱѾԪָ۷״̬ڲݵϵȴСǣҲʮֵģСǱϵ˷֡
ûӣоԼͷľоϤľһСǰһֵģ
ôˣһ
һޣң
ʱԶХرܹһޣȴһصѷ촦Ĵ̽šȻ̧ͷԶȥϵڿ㷭ɣϵ߷˹ȥ
СĻľ֪СС̻᲻Σաڹȥûӣ͸оͷľϤһССһǰ
û°ɣ굣ĵǡ
û£ССһľ֣Ǹ޵ĺȻܹ˺ǡ
ǸϽȥҺ꿴Сģ˵
ţСһߵͷһ߸ԽԪռ佻˳꣬ȻҺ
꿪ʼԪռ䣬СС̵ĴԪռûҺ̬СĴԪռȴһСҺ̬˷ܵͬʱҲ²СҵҺ̬žǸޡ

һҽдӾ¹ϵе˸߿дѾǸҧһ룬Ĳҽϵ߻Ȼתף㿴Ǹޡ
ͣ纣磬׺Ͱ³ֳ֮ɫǻǵһοޣֻһǸ޾Ѿɱߡ
𡭡
Ǹ޺һʾҲоʶһӿЩǿڱѪ޵ɢһǿױϢ⡣


1173
⡭ʲô
顭
ǸߴҧɱߡʱЩʲŷӦ˹ЩѾʧȥս
䡭
Щһ޷˹Ǹ޵ȴ쳣ļӲȻһȺʵĹ˼ȴûз˺ۡ
𡭡
ǸǴһٴЩʳ˹ȥ
̳
ʹһǸ޳˹ȥ纣磬׺Ͱ³Ҳû˿ԥس˹ȥǷǳܹɱǾͱѰҺ̬
͵εһ嵽Ǹ޵ĸǰдʱѾһѾ޸ڿԲǸ޵ͷ­˹ȥ
ֽͣһѳΪ͵ƣ޸Ŀռ䱬ҵĺһ̣;ͷ·һս赲ǰһж촷ۡ
Ǹ޵ֳһ˿ɵû͵Ĺһһ͵ľ޸һֻǰ͵ĸ
޵ٶȼ죬͵жֳһ˿壬ȻоԼЩ㲻Էһ㡣
գۼ䣬޵һĸѾ磬Ȼڼܣȴɲܹȫ

ʱ纣Ѿ˹һѴ󵶣ֻ޵ӿ˹ȥͬʱ磬׺Ͱ³Ҳ˹
һխϸһХ޵ʺ˹ȥ
׺ȴһ˳ǹ̳һߣдɱ⣬޵˹ȥ
һֱ̣ҪȹҪ죡

ڵҪ죡
³ȴǸ߸ߵԾ˫Ŵ޵ĲӺݺݵؿȥ
ǸһѸֳ˾壬̤ڵϵȻһź˳ȥٶʵ̫ˣԭһ
䡭
ʾصĹǸ޵Ĳ飬Ǿһ̣Ǹ˵ȻסΣſžİ³ҧ˹ȥ
顭
³Ĵڵһߣγ
ǲ
޵Ĵڿҧϣ밲³Ľֻа磬³ܹоǸ޵ϢĽϣ˲ͳһ亹
硣
еֻ޷ŭĺУҡҡλεȥµļʮҲؿǰʾΧޣʱԮ׼
ಡ
ڿмӣԭķ֮壬ʵӵ۷״̬ǸǿΣͬһΧֻޣеϸͬ籩һشֻ޵ϡ

һƬܼĽײڵͬǧٸͬʱٶ̫ˣһ̣µĴʾؾȻ岻֣޵ΧǽӰӡ
ǲ
ģӰȻסȴһڽǱϸҧ˿Сͬʱһ˽磬İСһֱǰء
ˡ
һİ߳ײ˹ȴǽ׺ȳֻ޵ǰһХͬӴһ׺ɱֱֻޣеĴǹʱȴͬһУڿճһӰ޵Դ˹ȥ
ֻ޼ǰأ׺һǹ㲻ֱܹӰֻ޵Դ鱬Ҳֻ˲ʧȥо˵ȴ޵Ľ
顭
ͣ纣Ͱ³ڵһ壬һѷ죬Զ죬˵Ӱͬڵһسޡ
һĶ۵糸ƺӵ˺ܸߵǻۣƾűս˲ɿҧϸ죬δʾعķ϶д˳ȥͷŴʱѾڵϵʾء
ԶϸСѷڡ
һ޴ĺӹ˳̽ľѵḻ́óֻ֪Сеһϵ߶ս
ٴջ̽ľ˼Ѿȫ˻ڣޣϵ߶Ӧòᷢ
ѡһڴ˵һֱȵϵֻ߽նɱڵҺ̬֮뿪ֻްϵ߸ɵ뿪ĵ뿪ҲŷգϵʤˣӮˣ궼ûʮֵİգղ֡ȻŰ˳ɵİգǻɵĲȷһһĵĵطǣӶŵЩǺսϵ뿪ʱᱻ֣ϵҪʰӶţûԼӶŸͲϵĶ֡
һѡǳҳһƬʱ򣬿͵͵ǱȥѾõĿҺ̬ƾĿҺ̬ӦȫܹһսǱ
ǣҲΣաǾһϵ֣Լͻյء
ľǷǳٵģΪ֪ת˲ţսҪ뿪Ҳòܡ
뿪ð뿪ܹΪԼ԰ȫӶյأѾˣҲ
̿ŰƴС磬ϸСѷгȻŵǰӶȥ
ΧĻȴܹƾŵʾغɱ˺жϳߣһܹӿӹصжϳΧĻ磬ұڣڵķӶȥ
ʱʾҲͣ˶ĿɵŶǸޡ
ӣ˵ôôù졣
Ҷֻ޵ʵ̫ˣʾ־ȻûκζԷһֻɱе
Ȼֻ޵ϴʱҲѪǽղܼĹµ˺ۣ˺Բأϸûд̽޵ɼֻ޵ǿʲô̶ȡ
ͻȻͣΪûٴҲ޷
ʲôоȵѵսˣȡʤϵȡʤ˭ȡʤӦЩɣѵܾˣ
Щᣬʱȫ״ֲðմڳȥһıЩ
ʵһˣǾһǵۡ
ⶼˣ
û˿Ϣ
ϴͲܹضһǵЩԹ
ʱڵڡ
һֹļžȴ쳣ءʾغһֻ޶ţʵĺϵĸεʡ
̤̤̤
̤˼ӣʾ񾭾ͱеıҲסʱ׼̬
̤̤ڵɢóһ˿оǳȴһҲҶ
Ϊռֻ⼸̤ص֮Ҳû


1174
ǡ̤صӦǸ޵ġѵ޻ʤܰҲô̵ʱϵе߶ɱɣôһߵĽŲûУ
нݷұڽ䣬ֻ̽׾صȴšδ֪һֿ־塣
С
ͿŶֻЩ궯ޣ֪ܹɱߵֵֻޣôЩҲ޵
˲˾ܹԼϵʶֻҪܹ뿪ԼֵסޣӦҲŰ˳ɵϣ롣
ɷϵߣ뿪磡͵Ȼᣬ˼žĿռشÿߵĶС
ɷϵɫһ㶣õļǿʼ룬ŵٵس롣
Ͱ³Ҳ˲͵˼̿´
¹ϵ̳˴
ƺϵѸٳ˴
¹ϵͺƺϵѸٵ泷룬ֻ˸Ŀⶼ˲ʾؽ춼ϵʧ޴
ϵˣ˻˳ϵľƿ»ᷢҵĸı䣬ָ߶ʵкһǼʴս
ɷϵ;¹ϵһʾػãϵĸ߶ʵɴһƽ״̬
ǣǾ¹ϵһʾأɷϵһʾأƱػһҶ󣬱¹ϵһʾأôɷϵͻкܴƣΪǶһʾأ¹ϵͺƺϵƱˡ֮Ȼ
ʵƺϵΪΪ֪ǵһʾҮ³ѾˣʶȻգƺϵҲᴦΣ֮У˵¹ϵɷϵõ֮󣬾ͻ̲ƺϵ
³
ƺϵЩ߼ֱ
οǻ֪ɷϵһ꣬һܹһֿ֮ʾص׺
ƺϵߴŻҵ뿪˵磬Ӻڰߵһֽٺľ¡
ϵߣ̸ɳһɵСӣӶȥĴңͷѶϢҪظϻפأͨǺսֱԼϵ֮㱨¡
̫ա
ӶŵǺսƮǺս֮ڣ̰ǵָģһ˫üһǡ
껹ûлȻ֪ϵȥ˶ʣȴ֪ٻʾأⲻܲǵĳĴ
̰ǣҪҪȥվ߶š
ˣ̰ǵһۣƾǵʵȥǲǰæҡ
֪
һƨϣɫֳһ˿ɥֱһƬǡ
ڡ
ɾģʾɽ䱸ŶǸޣǸҲڵʾءԶԶضڣȴٳжԼλúľơ
ʾͻȻ۾ӵĲţΪǸ޾Ȼ˵ˡȻһȴҲû뵽޻˵
뿪
ʾشлָ˹ܹһܹ˵Ҳûʲôϡ档Ǵ޵һ仰ܹףҲûӮǵİգϣ뿪Ҿʹ˰֡
ʶһۣ˵ʵǶģǳزġ
ӵҺ̬ıأ뿪ζʧȥ˱ءǣ뿪ƺҲκβޡ
Ǹղÿϵźò׸ڵһȭͷСҺ̬뿪ôȥϵ֮
һŬԼΪһЩ
λͶһ£֪ôƺԷԱ˹ȥǲ㣬ֻҪһЩҺ̬
Уûеȵ˵꣬޾͹ϵؾܾ
ŬȰ˵ţ˶ೳֵĻѰҺ̬ΣֻҪҵҺ̬ȥԲǰ㡣
Ĵʵ۾Ҳһܹƽ£Ե͹ڿҲûʲô
У޵ĹϾܾǵϣ
Ϊʲô
͵ҲЩŭˣֻǼɵޣȴǺ¶ԷҪٴ˭˭δ֪
޳һڿ˵ЩҺ̬ҵʳ

ʴʱҲ𾪵Щʧ̬ȻҺ̬ΪʳǿҺ̬ôˣһǾԣ


1175
ʸоԼҪˣ
ֲʵôǿֲôӲԭҺ̬Ϊʳ
˽֣Һ̬Ƕֻ޵ʳԼҪھЩҺ̬ɾڶԷжʳûΨսܹ
໥Ǳȡһ£һɱǰֻޡһ⣬ʣµĸûаܹɱֻޡ
ûȴֳ˷֮ɫ
Һ̬Ϊʳްܹõޣֻʬ塭

ǵõ޵һʬ壬¼ֵҲǷǷɣ
ʷֿߣϵսȴԽԽǿ޲̤̤ӣоɢΣգҲ֪ǰҪ¶ʳˡ
пʼֳ˷ŭȵķŭ
Щƾʲô˲ƾʲôԼʳԼûȥǹǣһֱС
ƾʲôôңôʳһֱ׳
޵ǻѾǳߣҲΪǻ۸ߣҲͶࡣǻٸߵޣ࣬ʳʱҲƲסеķŭ
ޱˣ
𡭡
ǿӲĵ涼һ㣬ʳ˶ȥʵʶһζɫ˲ò԰ס
ڵĳƺһͷųǰ׾ԭڲϵŴ˵شųĽɱʱ޷ŭһ𵴣ֱӷˣóľ΢ܵһ˿˺
һαҺ֮Уһ߿ʼҺһٶͷųһƾ̽档
ڡ
һУһӴܴ޵ϷһִкڰԵŶϯȥ
޵ͷȻ˱仯һǱһ˵ģ
ǲͷģûκ޻᳤һͷǸһŴ죬ͷû۾ûбӣһž޴죬ͬݡ
Ȼ۾ʧˣʾżȴƫƫһֱǸ޵ĸоʹûֹŹֵĸоŴҲ̫ˡ
žž
޺βڿ˦£ֱӳ鱬˿ʾһжβ˾衣
Ĳߣ
һοڣǿɱ¾ʾѹ˹ȥʾҲᵽ˼㣬ͶǸ޵ƶײ˹ȥ
֣
˫˲䣬͸оԼʾغһƾȻЩѹƲסǸ޵ơȥӳټӣǾͻʧȥֵġǸʱͻᱻ׷ɱ
һȣʾͬʱŶǸֹ
𡭡
޴һǿŶʾس˹ȥʾǿʶеĲʣȻط˸һ
ǹ󽣣ϸ
ƿ˿ռ䣬Ż뺷ϬѸٵؽӽǸޡ
ƿյڵӹһֱڵȴĳоһ̸ݽܵжԼλãʹֳλãԼӵȥͨ
ڿռ䲨ұײȻٷӡ
ͬһһ㣬жŷȻŵ棬ڿұڵǰӶȥ
ĺ̶ϣѾ֪ԼʼսֳСرܿսģұųǷͨ˹ȥ

ڳһʱʾѾ󣬵Ҳһֵĸоʿȥˣ
ղЩ߳ʱ򣬷ᣬûвǱߣû
ǰһʱ䣬𵴣оѾԶԶ룬ͨǰУԽԽѾš
䡭
ͻȻһǿ˹оһӦǿҪֳʤˡԼðŪĻһҧαڳžõ˷׼
ǣֻͨΧȴûһӰ
굱Ҳ˼ԭοٵųڴӶȥǿĺܼشӰͨӰֻſ뿪˵ء
ڻһת䣬Ȼס˽Ų洫
Ǹʲôް
ܲɱ

лȻֲԼһֱûԭЩ˶Ѿ˳ȥĿڿٵ˼
ԼͻȻڳڣһΪϵĻɣϾԼͨԼôû˷ֵ˳
˵δزܹƲԼһƷʵĽ硣
䡭
ӵļңʼķӽ֤ʾڰˡ굱ԥ̴ӴԪռȡһ·ϣȻǹıģԼĸһ㣬״һ㣬ͬʱϵòҲ˸ı䣬ʱĳ꣬˵ϵߣʦϲ
Ʈδܳ˹䴦ųٶȳ˳ȥ
˳ˣ
˴󺰣Щңǲ֪ʾʤǰܡ
ǡ
ǾסΪǷִӶˣǶʶһȫİס
ಡ
ǸİֱӴ˵ͷϷ˹ȥգ֮ʧӰ١ɭ֮ɶȥĴųǹ죬еٶȴΪͣһɲߣΧżȻһֻޣᣬһӶЩҲֻǿ˳ʧķһۣ㲻ᡣ
䡭
ڴһ֮󣬱ȥ
ʱʾվǸȴʧȥӰʾزûɱǸޣֻǻǸޣǸˡ
ͨʲȥ׷ǶﶼϤȴֻ޵ĵ̡׷;Уֻ͵Ϯܾܿ
ʾشʱ϶ֳ˾ɥ֮ɫûɱǸޣҲͲҼڿ󣬶Ҵʱ״̬Ҳãÿϻٶơ
رʵԽϵͣʾسڵĽ׺纣ƸΪءղҲӲһںսΪֻ֪ҪԼ¶һ˿ʾ־ͻʮء
ԣͣͰ³Ž׺纣ӣҲʮֽšʱ򽪲׺纣Ѿӽŵս״̬˵ƣһҪٶȻصղ۷ս״̬ܡ
Ҳʱֻɱֻһ;
ߣ
͵ԥǰ纣ųɶȥҲ˽׺ں棬³


1176
ʴӶڴ˳ϵ߱׷Χ˹ͺͽֱ纣ͽ׺£˷ʳҩ̿ʼˡ
죬ֻɱ𣿡
ͣͰ³ҡͷЩʺֶ̰ûɱǸޣǵĿʼ˻ҡ
µɫǷģֻѾǴˣֻٶ̫죬׷ϡ

˶һֻ֪˿־޲ɽڳֻҪǲ磬㲻Σա
죡ͻȻһɷϵ߿ڵղ֮ǰһ˳
ͺ纣ɫһ㶣ͽ׺³ɫ˼
˭
֪һİˣǸҡͷ
Ͱ³ĿԼ£Щ߶΢΢ҡͷʾԼҲʶͰ³΢΢üͷ
ǳꣿǻ˭ʲôʱֳһˣǳѵֻǳǳģѾ޸ɱˣ
죬Ѿ˳ȥϵ㱨ˡ
͵ͷ纣΢ָһЩʵǾ̷ءȴϵ
Ҳ´ͬ³ֱӴ¿ʼأ˵غƺϵֻһʾأµʵҲ˵¹ϵɷϵɱģ³Լûмܹӵóȥ
ͺͽ翴Ű³뿪Ŀ˸һ£ûκξٶ
ɭ֮УѾʹԼȫʵѾԼԪָ۷״̬ʱٶԶԶسںİ³ο³Ҫ±һµٶȣǺͳ֮ľԽԽԶ
֮еĳͻȻ۾һУǰӰ׼صפźƺϵ֮㱨ʡ
꾫һɨֻ֪һأغءʵĳ˵ֻбɱķݶ
Ϊ˾ȡ˾õ
֮֮
ͻأسǸص
Ƶһʽơ
ǸصǰӣʶûзֳӰ
֮֮
Ƶһʽơ
ƵһһߵĲն
ͻȻǸصԴӲϹȥǰӣǵԴϵ˫ĿͷųһȫĲš漴ǸصԴҲӲϵ
ʣµĸиոոֳԾ֮ɫһâնڶصԴҲ˳ȥ
ʱҲչ˳
ˡ
֮ͷſصӾһ漴˿ǳ
Ǵű
䡭
ֻ˲䣬ؾͱɱ촷ۣκͣɭ֮˳ȥ
ȥ˴ԼСʱ³γսɫһ䣬ȻʶԴһԵʬ塣Ȼ֪˭ɱģȴ֪פЩƺϵΣˡ
ߣ
³˴󲿶ӣٶɭ֮ȥ
ಡ
γɭ֮⣬;һᣬ·жȥǧѹ˫һȥ
ڣ
ָ߽ң˷ܵųϴˣ
꣬ˣ
һ㽫ǵת˳ǵ߶ţͻȻоһ㱣ٿΧĻʱȴѾԼվŵָڡͷų꣬Ͱ͵˵ϴǻˣ
ţͷ
ǰ³ͽأ
ڰֵȲ˵Щŵǰٶȡ
ǣ
ٶǺսԸ뿪ܿʧããǼ֮䡣
ʱ򣬳ڵָڲŽľ˵һʾصʱĶᵽɤۣ˵ӵյõĿҺ̬ʱһ˸߲ҵҪ꽫Һ̬ó
꽫Һ̬˳˾Χ˹
氡
˵Һ̬ܹķ׺ͱϧӶûⷽרҡ
еģϵҵƷ򶨾ǾҪչƼǻһЩÿƼǰϵѧϰǽҪȫ淢չ
˷ܵ˰СʱңҺ̬ʾȥˣпʼóڵ꽫Һ̬Ȼʼ
ǡ
ɭ֮⡣
ಡ


1177
ʮӰɭг˳ǰ³ˡɭİ³ɫޱ䣬ΪǰһƬտǶǺսûˣʧˡ
ǿ˵ϵʬ塭
ص˶ˣ
Ǻսˣ
˭ɵģ

³쳤Хһ˫۾ó죡
³Ȼɷϵפطȥڿб㿴ɷϵפڲûкƺϵǺսž¹ϵķȥҲûпкƺϵǺս
ôһʱķУѾһЩȶȶ֮ҲɷϵǾ¹ϵɱǵˡž¹ϵפȥȻʶ³һϳ˽䱸Ű³һʰسŰ³ֵ£кָ̣
³һסǿƺϵǺս
Ǹ¹ϵʰߵͷʮǰͻȻ뿪ˣ
뿪ˣȥ
֪Ǹʰسʵ˵ͻȻ̫շȥȥǲ
³΢΢üͷа֮ǰǸ˸ɵģΪʮǰЩǺս뿪ˣ˭ɵģĿǸʰصɷִ֮
Ǹʰҡͷ̫Զ
ʮǰ³һѵǳꣿ
ಡ
³γǸʰسһʾذ³ǰѹʵ̫ˡ
³վǿ֮УҲҲһ˿ǺսټʹŶٶǺսԶ
ϣǸ¹ϵʰǺսĥźƺϵǺսȥˣּ³ӿиоһȴòٴγӭ˰³
ͨѶ豸һ¡
ʰزܹܾҲܾˡ㽫³Ǻս
ʱԼķ˫ȴڴϣʱûԺзػطκʶսĹ̡һָоֻҪܹδսľϣеõľܹͻƵʾء
ٶǺսڼžǿдУǺսڵһ߶ڲ
ʱϵ֮յǵϢ㱨ȷʵǷҺ̬һһ׺ޣϵ֮û̸ǡ
һ棬Ǻ뿪֮ϵǽйһ棬㱨֮ǵ֪Ǹ޵֮Ҳûаһնɱֻޡϵ֮ѵõؿʼϵƵ绰顣
Ҫȡһ£ϵ֮ͬʱǰǽкξ䣬ҲǺżҺ̬Ҳܲ
ͬʱҲǵ´ƺϵð³̷أ¹ϵý׺̷أɷϵ纣̷أ˽ϵϵΪΪÿϵҪϵҪϵڵĸûһʾ򣬸С
³׺纣Ѿ˸Եϵϵ֮ȴûдһ
һ㣬ϵֽ֮Ǻܿһ¡з䡣ʱ¹ϵɷϵ֪֮ƺϵҮ³Ѿˣ˾¹ϵɷϵͶʾأƺϵȴֻϵ÷һˣϵȻҪֵ棬
ڡ
۾µʱȥˣڽκʾشľȫˡľҲﵽʾسڣҪľǽʵͻƵʰغ۷壬ȻͻƵʾء
ľѾﵽʾصĳ˵ͲʲôһʵϾľľһﵽˣֻҪʲ̫ϣ̫ʵͻˮɵġ
ʷϲϣ
ڲϷʳ֮֮£Ѿﵽȫͨ͸ĵزǾѵʡ
ڵΣ
ǿ֮Уȱǳ֮
ο껹һǳҩŰ׽
ľﵽҪΪѣǳ֮ǳҩͰ׽˵Ѿ̤˿쳵
ӷָģʵжõŵ
Լʮ졣
ţҷųȥҪ
ţ
ͷѾһηˣû˿ľ棬˲ţó뿪
Ӳڳɵ£ʰڵȵ棬Ȼ°׽һǳҩʼתǳǳ֮۶
µʱȥǺӽӵʯŵָ£ٶǺսͨʯȻ汩ŷǰ棬ܼ翪ʼȥÿһͨŵĴ£ٶǺս籩
ϵ˵ǰе˶һһ˷ܵӡ
ϵƣʱѾصָġ
ǣϴ󣡡Ѹٵز
Լ֮󣬴ĻϳƵס
ϴǻˣ
¶ЦݣˣѰҵô
ѾҵĿ򣡡˷ܵ˵һƷһƷһƷһƷ򡣡
ʲôпϲȻҵһžƷ򣡡
ǣƵͷǿžƷһȺޣмʮǿʶӷֵǿʧʮһߣǶڰƷϣǿžƷϵˣ͵ϴȥ
ϵżЦݣ΢˼һ£ԼҪǽеҺ̬۳ȥȻսǱ˴һŰƷѾԤڣѾܹõ˺úõˡǸƷԺ
ƣǿжܹˣ
ϴ󣬰Ʒʮ־޴ģ˿ȫû⡣
дϲ꣬ʦǺӽǰǻϣ
ϴأ
ҪȥҺ̬
Ƶϱֳ֮ɫϴõҺ̬
ţ˼ЩҺ̬ܹһսǱˡ
̫ˣƵֳ˷ܣͰǡ
վ֮УŶٶǺսȥʧȻͷȥ
йţЩʾӦûǣǶսĺʾػδܹնɱǸޡĲܹնɱֻ޵ĻϵʾضҪǰǣϵ֮ʱҲԼҺ̬ʱ
ȻҲܿʾؽֻɱˣôŴʾر㶼뿪ϵԼҺ̬ҪСˡ


1178
ĿҺ̬ܹͬһϵۣĻ»ע⡣ȥǸϵأ
˼һȥƺϵȻԼɱҮ³ѾͺƺϵΪСҲΪƺϵʧȥҮ³ǵʵϵУ͵ġ
꽫Լٶ˼£źƺϵȥʱʰصٶȣҪǺս
ʮ
˺ƺϵĴ̷ǣǺƺϵڶ򣬲ΪһƷ򣬻Ϊסźƺϵһҡ
ûȥ÷ǣȥҺ̬̫Σգǣ̷ѵĳҺ̬ĵطҳҲ֪ӵйҺ̬ļ壬ڴ̷ֻҡ
ıòģ˴̷ǵҳǡʮڳڵκһ̣޷ǷҺ̬Ϊ漰Ľ̫ˣֻܹҼܹ졣
ûǰңסһõ꣬ȻһִһǶûдϵǵжҲûд÷ǷǰǡҺ̬һֱܡ
ȻҲܹٵȥˣҪץʱ죬βܹ
̵ֱͨǰҰݷã
̵ͨʣһҵ̲ԼóҺ̬ˣԼҺ̬ܿͻᴫȥûеȵԼҼѾ÷ǵĶС
ֱȥݷ죿
õҡҡͷԼݣ¶ʵҼԼԼֲܹ¶ݡ
ҪЩ취ˣ
꿪ʼ졣ܿҵϣƬͼ顣Ӽϵ֪һʰسڵʵʵ껹ܹȫѹơò֮󣬳ر˵ԣ˴ǰŶ˹ȥ
һʮֹׯ԰ſֵڡľ˳ȥľѾﵽʾسڣЩʵҲܴﵽʾأԳʮִ󵨵ͷųı췢Լ
ܿ죬ҵ졣
һ鷿ģ鷿ˣһʰس۷壬һغڡǸʰس۷죬Ǹغڳ겢ʶҲܹƲҽһǶԷΪһǴʱ鷿ֻ飬ɼǸغҵĵλ
ʱ򣬳ľѾ鷿˽̸˹
磬˵ϵҺ̬
ţͷǵ̽ӴϢϵϵǷҺ̬ƺʲôޣʧأϵǰǣʣ˰³
÷ֺҮ³ȥǣ
Ү³Ѿˡ
ˣ
ţӢǱˡ
ꣿǸӢǽƵĳꣿ
ţͷ˵ѾͻƵʾء
ֶһʾء
ǸȻ鷿ڼžԼȥӣǸʾ̾ϢһҺ̬
ǰɫҲֳźܹõҺ̬װ˵ɣὫǵսֱһ̨ףǶϰ³Ҳһս֮
ϵǲǲֵģ˵
鷿ٴμž̸֮һʱ飬Ǹؾ뿪ˡ鷿ڴһЩ֮󣬹ر˵ԣ뿪
ջ˾¶һ˿ϲɫ컹ǺܿҺ̬˳Һ̬İҲʹһЩ
ҹ١
ҹʱ֡
˳֮Уҵׯ԰ڣȴزáڣаڣڡׯ԰һһ㡣
ľׯ԰ܿͽеڣںڶ̽ͬʱҲа̾ҡ
Ϊƺϵһ壬¼ǧҲ˴ңЩںͰڣЩڣʮֵľ裬û˿и
һʮֿµģ
ľ죬ʱһ䳡ϺǸؽд裬һдһָǸء
꽫䳡ۿ죬ΪҼÿһÿһʽΪһͨʽܹ
ǸؾͲ࣬˶ûԪֻǴʽҳ껹ǽʵѹںǸͬһ磬ʹˣѹȫѹ˶Է
ĬĬһ£ı֣Ȼֻʰس۷壬Ǿܹսʤһͨʰڣܹһʰ۷һս


1179
ȴûп־壬ΪԽսǿ첻Ķ֡
ֻǳҲȫ޵ģĺҷ˳ͻҪ֪ҿɲֻһʰس۷壬ǰغڣҺܻܿһЩʣһ˶һ徫Ӣ»ܲ
顭
һȭǸػ˳ȥǸڿл˴Լң˵ĺ˼վΣȻ۾뵽֮С
쿴Է뵽֮Уֳ֮ɫתĵȥ
һ˿̾Ϊһ֮һĹҹʱָֻߣҲΪˣܹһֱһĵλţĳһʵͻƵʾغ۷壬źƺϵ֮Ҫ죬÷֡
ɾվھƵĴǰ䳡ϵǸءԼһСʱǸ۾Ȼ䳡һӰĿһʱǸ䳡ϵĶԱ֮ǰ˲١
Сʱ
Ǹͣ˸˷ܵʡĿľһֳۣм֮ɫȻ뿪䳡
ƿǰĴҹɫնȥԼ壬ⱻþ̽鵽ںҹϢׯ԰ϿգȻĵ췿⡣
겢ûŶ룬ҲûǱ롣ϾԼģַܹ˽òҪصġ
ָ̧֣ڷû¡Ȼһվ˷ǰܹоһѸٵشӷɨ˳ȻͻȻش򿪣һֻ˲ͬһɽһյų
һ˲䣬ڳҰз·ֻһֻƣ嶼ʧˣ޴ų
겢ҪҵˣܹӲһƣᷢ޴ĺӶˡ
ͻȻ´˹ȥһֱסһٶ̫ˣͷӦȵ֮ʱѾսޱȵһΡ
ֻһ˲䣬ǿԪϾԪһʧ㷭֣һŶ졣
ʱг𾪣ֱۻ΢΢顣ԷֻһգĹ߽⣬Ѿܹ϶ԼǶ˶֡
˭ƺϵʲôʱֳһ֣ʱΪʲô
һȶӸղųľٶƺûʲô⡣
ǡ
Ȼûʲô⣬Ϊʲôȴҹǰ
Ʋ⵽Էûж⣬Ŀǰûж⣬ҲҪŭԷҪԷ˵ԼѾ˳ľ裬ԷǿҲ˲佫ԼУֻиԼһ˿ʱ䣬ܹ޴ĶǸʱԷҡ
λôƺҹ٣кιɣ
Ҹط̸𣿡국˵
ÿӣһֵ룡
߽˷䣬ڰڷһӣԵԶҲֱȡһȭͷСҺ̬ϡ
Ӿһ˫ĿŹĿþõضǿҺ̬֮ϣҵʱ̧˶ĳҺ̬
ͷһһָָǸҺ̬ҿԿ𣿡
ûֻص˵ͷʱѾ˳⣬бԳһЩ裬עǿҺ̬ϡ˫СؽǿҺ̬ԼعۿԼ֮ؽҺ̬Żϣų깰ֵδγƺ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳա
ͷҲ׷ʳ֡һָϵǿҺ̬ҪҺ̬
ͷ۰ɣ
˼һµƷϾʯ
ͷɽ
ʵϳҺ̬ļ۸񲢲˽⣬ûϽ׹ԷܹƷϾʯѾˡֻҪСҺ̬ܹչŰƷϾʯԭнƷϾʯһѾ㹻һսǱˡ
ȥȡϾʯ
վ֪겻һ뿪ȥȡϾʯԱһȥͷվָϵǿҺ̬ˣ
оһݣܹδõϾʯʱ򣬾ͽҺ̬֤ģʱնɱġ
Ҳû˼ҴӳľٶҲûдҵ˼ԭеһЩҲȫʧҲ¶Цݡ
룡
룡
˺ܿҵĲر⣬ڴ˲رĴţų߽˲ر⡣ڲرľͷʮļƷϾʯʱҲѸٵؿʼϾʯսڡȻת׶ɾ˵ǣ
δ䣬ѾʧڲرУ쳤һԳһֱѹֱ뿪ȫطȡǿҺֳ̬˿ϲ֮ɫ
굱ҹ뿪˴̷ǣһĿĵǾ¹ϵħǡ
ոշ̷ǲã㿴ʮǺսӶжʮǺսǺƺϵ֮Ľӣʱӵǰ³
÷ǰǣƺϵ˰³һӹҮ³Ѿ˳ȥƺϵһִƣ԰³ŽѲķʵҲúƺϵĸʵһЩ
վϴǰİ³˫ĿȻһţһӰããǼ֮Զٷ˹
ٶȡ
³һѾﵽʾصٶȣǸкİʲôʱϵжһʾأ
ѵǳꣿ
׺ַǳ꣡
³ĿһӿǸ˵ϸоһ˿ϤȻ׺Ĳǳ꣬Ƿ֮Ԫʽȴǳꡣ
³һ֮ˣ˭ȻԼϣͰɱɱһʾػıϵľ档ʱֻһˣҲҲɱģǴʱһˣҪʱǺս
Ǹˣ𣡡
³Ѹٵ´ʮǺս̵˷˳ꡣ
ʱҲʮǺսԭŲЩǺսѸٵط롣ȻһһּΣյϮͷ
ಡ
ԶʮǺսķȥ


1180
䡭
ų꼤Ŀһӿ˷ŭԼûǣȴԵ޹ʵβٺˣʮǺս˹ȥһķ϶֮䴩УѸٵʮǺս
Ȼ䣬ĿһʮǺսϵı־Ǻƺϵı־ǽɻĶǺս־һģһ
ѵ÷֣ǰ³棿
ڷ϶дУĿһɨһǺսʣһȡ˾õ֮Уǳ֮ڱӿǱ˲ھõڡ겢ûʹʹɽ
ҪƷɽʺϵĹʽľͷſ˲㽫ǺսϵһȻ֮һӰΧת

ܼؽײ𣬳ÿһͽһƻʱΧתΧʮһǺսͲٷ䣬Ϊ򲻵꣬Ѱ³ڵ

ֻһӵʱ䣬ϵķڶ٣ÿһǽƻҲնһӡһӵʱ䣬Ѿǧٿס
䡭
һնϵĶϣȻοٵԶȥõƻʼը
ಡ
Ŵ򿪣һӰǺսڳ˳һΧʮһǺս͸ҷˣʮһǺսϵĲҲٵش򿪣һߴ˳ųΧ˹
ľѸٵ˳ȥֳһ˿ЦȻȺп˰³ʱ³Ҳ˳еľõ⻹ʲô˵ģԷǳꡣֻаԳԾôһֱεĹ˵гȥǸ˾ǳꡣ
ʱܹıò͵ĹҪɱǾ̫ˡ
ĿɨΧߣͽ׵߲㣬Ҳ߸ʰأʮأԼʾأͲɱ㡣
³ִһΧ̵õ˰³ıɱһųΧ˹
ʱĿѾԶİ³һһŰ³ȥڵǳ֮һת
ˡ
ǼǧųңңӦǳһãã潻Ӧȵ˳ȥʱĳ·һˣһ档
ľһû뵽ԼʵͻƵʰأããǼʼսȻܹЧ
ۡ
嵽ΧߣںǼʵһƣ׷׿Ѫ
Զİ³Ŀһоããϵ֮УƺǳóսʱҲ˲̫࣬µ߸ʰغʮų˹ȥ
ʮɢӴϢʮߵϢ˴ںϣܣųѹ
˫Ŀֻ֮а³ֻҪɱˣɱɱѾν˫Ŀľڿٵؽӽ
Ȼ䡣
ʧˡ
һһʧ
һһ֣
̫ȭͨ
³һ֮ǰΧʱ򣬲ûмʩչֹֻһ˲䣬αѾĸǰȭغ˹ȥ
ܹˣ
ǰ³˲ͷֻҪһˣͻӰΧȦгȥ³һҧ˲佫ԼԪ۷壬һȭӲӳһȭ
䡭
ȭͷ֮䵴һȭӵĲƣһ٣³ȴ֮е
Χ߸ʰغʮظԾűųɱ˹
ȡǳ־õƽ٣αͬһ糵ת߸ʰغʮغֱײ˹ȥ

һܼıײӰɣһ·ײ˳ȥһ٣ת˰³ˡ
³ԭΪΧȦ֮󣬱ߣźʧȥնɱĻᣬȴû뵽Ȼͣתǡǵоһݣ߸ʰغʮȻûˣǸղһֵĽȴҲֱ۷飬Ѫӿ
³ͻȻһ˿ΪӳϿһЦݣһֿ˵Ȼ
顭
³ͻȻ׵֮ڱһǰһ͹һڴһĺһһ졣
䡭
һȻʱ򣬰³徹Ȼķѡ


1181
ⲻ߸ʰغʮغȻɫǳҲһû뵽ǿк͵սԼ
ಡ
ԭ³Ѿˣ׼ȥȴû뵽߸ʰغʮشʱѾ˵һ׷Ķӡ
óһ㶣ֻͣǲһӵʱ䣬ΧֻʣĲкҲûһˣһǺս
꿴һǸĲк治ʣʲôαٴž¹ϵȥ
һ߼ٷţһѰ˼š
½ϵᱬǼսƺϵʾضԼֻʣ÷һʾغ۷壬ֻ·ߣһ·¹ϵɷϵһ·ǿս
һʾغ۷ߣܷϳˣֻһѡ񣬾ǿս£¹ϵɷϵһֹϷֺƺϵ÷ֵʧעġֻ÷ȴһʾغ۷壬Ҫߣɷϵ;¹ϵסɷϵ;¹ϵҲǹϷ˺ƺϵ
Գ궼Ԥ÷ֵĽ֣ʧȥ˺ƺϵȴΣաĵǣǰ³ϳԼȴҲû˵Լ֣÷ڶʱڲ֪Լݡһʾغ۷嶢ϣǳҲû
ʮ
뵽˾¹ϵ֮ǰںƺϵķһȭͷСҺ̬õƷϾʯûٷ⣬˳뿪˾¹ϵ
һվǰɷϵĴͼҡ
ô˵ͼѣͼ¾ҲȻҺ̬ܲݼԼѡ
ʮһ
ָòվͼҵĴſڣ΢ЦŸֶ
ܿ죬һӰʹӴڷ˳ԶԶر㳯ųſ˫ۡҲЦſ˫ۣ˺ݺݵӵһ
໥Ĵһŷֿͼ´ų꣬Ҹоʵˣʲôʵ
꿴һͼţͼѾʶأв̾ĵ̹ȻͬԼռһϵò˶ãҲǿ
ʰأ
ͼŵɫһŲŵʵļٵģ
ȻģЦǺǵ˵
ͼЩʧ񣺡ͺҸһʵˣ
ɫ΢ͻˣ
ţͼ˷ܵ˵ϸͻƵġУҪȥ׸סҶ죬˵Ҳ㣬ҪҲ㡣
꿴ͼֻı飬ÿͼ¾ѵ⣬ݸ
ͼȴǲܲ˵ųׯ԰ڷӶȥͼ¾İ칫ңҲţֱƿžͳ˽ȥ
ף㿴˭ˣ
ԭܽͼţͼ¾ɫһǵ֮ɫͻȻһ䣬Ȼӳϸоһ˿ѹ˲ɨ˹ȥȻһ𾪵ؿųꡣ
ͼߵͼ¾ĸǰЩΪʲôģڸ׵ǰ˻εףף
ͼ¾Ȼ˹ųЩ˵㡭ʰˣ
ͷȻͼ¾ʩݼ
ͼ¾һֳ֮̾ɫӴ칫˳ɳϺͳ겢Ҳǰļӡ
꣬ҳԾ
ֻãЦǺǵ˵
ͼ¾ЦЦûֻĿԽԽЩʵǡ
дһͼ¾ų˵
бȻͼ¾ͻƵʰ֮Ӧһֱûҵд裬񿴵ԼȻǼ͡ȻѾҪȥдˣΪսˣȴþܾͼ¾ͷ
ͼ¾дϲ̴ɳվߣȥ
ͼ¾ҪͳдϢ̾ͼҸ߲д˳ȥܿͼ䳡ΧվһЩ֣ʱͼ¾ȴѾվ̨֮Ͻ
˫öܾˣȴҲûʹԼѹӵ׾У겢ûʹͨǴűһսСʱ࣬ͼ¾شЦͳЯ뿪̨
걻ס˹ϴһ֮󣬱ڴϻźͼ¾ֵһĻĻȻͼ¾ֲսҲһЩջ񣬱ϾÿʶԼ⡣֪ڼǼͼ¾ˣͼ¾Ӧڱչܽһսľ顣֮侳᳹ȹ̡
ʱ䣬ͼŵͬĴҲյϢϵѾǻˣζϵҺ̬ӦñھһգǸޣϵ£ܻ
ա
ͼ¾ˣ걻뵽ͼ¾鷿鷿ǱȽ˽˵ĵطǵõ˵Ͽɣǲܱ鷿ġ
鷿ڡ
ͼ¾ͼźͳΧͼ¾ųʹ˵꣬ʲô飿ֻҪǲܹģһƴǡ
΢΢һЦӴԪռȡһȭͷСҺ̬ϡͼ¾Ŀ⵱ʱֱˣضǿҺ̬˵ǡҺ̬
ǣͷ
㡭ȥǣͼ¾𾪵ؿųꡣ
ǣٴεͷ
ͼ¾Ĭˣϵǿ߻һʲô棬вɸ̾Ĵ󵨡ã˫ĿŹų׼Һ̬ң
ţ
ȷͼ¾ֳһ˿֮ɫãлл㣬ꡣҺ̬һװҾһʾسڣҲһս֮
䣬΢һµƷϾʯ
ɽ¶Цݡ
ۣһԵͼĽش꣬㷢ˣҪͰ
û⣡ЦǺǵ˵
ͼҶʱ䣬ȻͼҸӸǣͼ¾ͼԽ͵˴ſڣͼ¾֪꣬ԺҪҪͼѡͼ¾ʱнʮָߵĵλ
ۼ֤˳ڼ̵ʱڴһһ·ͻƵʰڣԤֻҪ겻δһһʾغ۷壬ֻҪסȣгһ죬ͼҾǰȫһ졣
ų뿪ıӰͼ¾ͼ˵ŶûʳţӶأ
ͼźҡҡͷû˵
ͼ¾һǻŽĵģԺлͳúദ
֪
ããǼУ꾲Ʈ֮С
ѾǼ֮˰ʱˣͼ뿪֮󣬲ûǰɷȥսǱͼ֪ҪսǱ뾭ɷϵϵͬ⡣һʾغ۷壬Լʵ̫ˣһʲô⣬ºѴԼ뽫ʵͻƵʾسڣ㲻жԷǶԷҲס


1182 
ʱ䣬ڽʵͻƵʰغ۷塣ʱ֮иͿΣζ֮Сγһ޴Ĺţ棬ԶԶȥ·һС͵ǳ
ˡ
Ǹһ󲨶ǧһҡҷڿʼʾأڵʮѨ֮ڵǳ顭
ʮ졣
Ǹſʼһһųȥֳʱ䣬ȫʧ¶Ρ
䡭
ɢ۾⼤ͬʵʵֱ
ʵѾͻƵʾسڣֻϢϲܹȫ֪ҪʱĳǾһսǵ˳ʵҵֻ֣ܹʱĥ
ȥԼˣ
ಡ
ʧˣ꽫Լٶȷӵ˼£ҪԼʾصٶȾж졣
Цռ𶯡
ٶֱ֮ǰһ
ֻǾ֮󡣳ɷϵеɷǡ
վԼҵĴ֮ǰһߵ˳ǰ´ų꣬üֳ֮һ˿ԻԼȻ͸ʵǳòʵ̫ˡǽؿһЩ
˭
ϵ˵ǰ
Ǹɫԥһ£ջûиҾܾվֳоľոͻƵʾأһƻûеõƼǸϢ
ĸоȻҸɫ̻صֵҽϱһ˳´һ³ǴҮ³ĳꣿ
ͷһߵǸʱˡ֪֪꣬Ү³һʾ߾ͱǰ˸ˣ
ãͷЦɷϵˣߣҴȥҴ硣
лл
ͽ뵽Լң뵽ңϵվڻҵǰɨ˹ȥȻϱֳһ˿ϲɫ
ãããȻ뵽ʾأ
ϵ΢΢ʩ
Ҫףϵ£Ȼ󿪿ڵ˵³Ҳˣ֪˭ɱ𣿡
ɱģƽ˵
ϵ¶˹Ȼ˵ɫֳһ˿ɵˡֱԣϵϢǸոͻƵʾأѵɱҮ³Ͱ³ʱ򣬻ʾأ
ǣͷǸʱֻʰڡ
ϵɫһ䣬ܻưھܹնɱʾڵİ³˵ʳڵĳѾܹսˣ
Ҫͳдĳ嶯ǰ£
һսǱ
ϵһµû⣬
˵ɫһ
һϵһָһдһΡڶֹƺϵʱһָһ򡣡
һܹӦڶˡѴ
ϵٴγһµǾдһʤˣͽܵڶҲʤֻһƽ֣ڶա
ãʹشӦʱҲҪһսԼԼһҪˣ˰ŶԷһǼս

뿪Լңϵƽ֡û֮ͨ⣬ʹеĵƣȴֻǺͶԷƽ֡
ԼҲŵԣһǧʮƷϾʯһսǱһսǱҪȫս״̬ҪʮͬʱֻУһ趨˳Ϳԡ
趨˳֮ʻȥ
º
ʻսǱͨʯ汩뵽ϵƸ꣬ѰҵǿŰƷȥ
һº
ǧ߼ʻսǱŵȥ
ϥսǱ֮ϣŲã桭

һ˳ɹشǨ㣬ʵʾس۷塣
ʮ
һǨ㣬˶ο֮ед½ϵߣᣬ͵ˣûһԸڵе˶Ǩ㵽˳귢ֵϵǿŰƷ򱻳Ϊ
ʱΪѾﵽʾغ۷塣ﵽߵĲΡϵ֮⣬ϵȻ˱仯
ƺϵѾ¹ϵɷϵϷ֣÷ϵļй֮£ߣҲûг֡
ϵµ򣬳꽫ʮ˷ֳ֡󲿷ֵڿµ򣬽µ򣬻һʵǿ߿ʼǿžƷһСְÿѧ˱͵ϵѧϰ
һ
ظо֮ϵľ硭
긺վµߵɽ壬죬һ
һ߼𣿡
ȫ꣩
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================