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0 ַ
ʱ֣ա
ɳĮϣһװ׷ڼٱۣ˿ܶӵĻӰ졣
ʮֿһŮһ˾ڿ⣬˾һмΧӣźš
һټ򵥵칦磬ԤʾЩ˸ոԲһ
Ǽ򵥵˺㳦ͷûа취ڼ޷Է˱Ƚ㣬ȴǶĺþƣÿһƿļ۸ҲԪϣ൱ݳޡЩԴڿϹ˵ݳһƺҲʲô
ϴθʲôȻ˳գһȥһˡһĿʵ׳ʵ
ߣһ˸ɫĿԱ߻һ󴸣Саʮ
׳ʻҲˣϴĻش
ʻҵλãƽӹŶ̴緢ʼմ΢Ц·һоϴۼλֵܡЦ˵߿Ƽһоǿ򣬾ʲôҲ˽ޣòˡ
ŶһͬʱˡĶ۸ٹҲǿġ
ʱڼڵ߽ʱΨһŮڼʻ˾Ʊյ
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ٶ˫ʱһƬȻɱɫ˫Ŀ侲ûи顣
Աߵ˲䷢ַı仯תͷַ˫ʱľĺϴôˡ
Ȼû˵꣬Ϳһڶǹڶ׼Լ硯һԽĽ
һǹ쾪˳ڵˣԵ˲˯оѣһʱս״̬׳˫ܣһԼܺߣֱʻҡ
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ȣ׳һѾûˡٿʻλãŴ󿪣Ļˡ
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ϻʵҡ£Ȼء
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôѵЩֵܣȲԪΪʲôӺ۾
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Բ𣿹˶ˣ㾹Ȼ˼˵Բƴˡ
ӵٶȷɿ죬͵ɱ֣֮͵ַǰͬʱ̳
죬ȴ첻ӵ
ַһ硯ǹһǹ׼ӵĿڣһǹ׼üġ
ǹ֮伸ûмȻӦѸ٣Ҳļޣʱ˫ǼҪӵȫǲˡ
ȫģսĿڵǿӵնȥͬʱԴ͵زƫڶӵ
һȻӵȴǷ·ͻȻѣˡ
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ǺǣҶˣĽǹҪӼǿһЦ󵹵ء
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ֵǣһ·ߺãȵ˵ţҲҪǡ
պ濾ַ壬ȴʱĵı䡣ôһֱվţһ
ʱڼžţԼʮӺԶͻȻһ¡¡
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һʮ˴ֱ£б˻мһ˴īһʹŶ治ǡֶǲĺԼֵܶ˵ɱɱ
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ӣ󣬵绰ȥ绰áϴȼˡīдŹһһ˺
ֱͳӵ绰ͨһ룬Էͨ˵绰
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ϣˡ绰ڰ˵ôһ䣬ͷת˸
һߣҲͬʱӵ绰Ļ׼ַ档
磬ôˣǲвˣ磬ܵܲɱҺˣɱɵ°Ļֳһַĵ绰ʹе
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ֳڵ绰ڴУֻǸͨˣ޷˽ַΪַҲ֪ô˵ԸɴͲ˵ˡ
˰ɡַ˵ǶīС
ˡīҲܸɴ࣬ϾֳˣͲ
绰˵õָʾֱӽֳƳöھ⣬ҲƵôֱӿȥƵֳǴ˼͵س֣Ȼжϡ
ٺ٣ܽˣ°ȫˣôҪĶø˰ɡīпĵ˵ЩȲˡ
Ȼ
ַժ±ݹȥī°һ̧һѾȽӹ򿪡
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һ䣬תͷַ˵ˣԡ
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ַīе˵𾪵ĿУͳһɫİ
īпⶫ󣬶ʱĺУתܡߵĻͬʱǹҪַ֮ǰԷɱ
ַ˫۷죬˻ţҵֵȥɡ
Ȼ𱬼
䡭


1 ɱ
ַ棬ַ棬ѣŻҡ
һѺŮſǻַ˯лѡ
˭˭ڽң
ַɻҪ۾ȴִһƬѣ
ôˣҲ𣿡
ͷԽַڻ۾
ַ棬ˣ̫ˡ
ŮþϲַĻַ§סΪҪˣأո㶼û֪𡣡
˻
ַһۡ
Բ㻹ˣŪˡ
ŮǸ˿壬ַſԿԷò
Ĵ۴žӨˮ·һ貵ĺڱʯѤõԣԸе촽΢¶˵ڳƤϸ𪣬ϸ次ټ滨ıɬʣһŮ
ֻŮĴȴ˲ҹάϴЩ׵¿ϣ˴ССĲ
ַüͷ壬ʶǰŮ
һ̣һݹŮϢͻأĳԺС
һƣԼͬͬͬһҵѣʮ꣬١ɱաƽ
ɱգַһ䣬Ժֶϣһβַȥ룬һַԺй䡣
ַԴһǣʮʱƽ
ԭҾȻԽʮ󡣡
ַ𾪣е˼顣
2046ַ꣬գѾȥʮ꣬ڼ䣬緢췭ظı仯
2013һꡯʱַ滹δⳡҹܼġꡯ
ֻ֪ǳꡯǷ֣ڲ֡ǡ֮أҰ޷˱죬ЩҰ޲֪ΪΣӵ˼ԺǿƻƤӲǹ벻˵Ѫ˼ɱ
µǣһЩҲͬ˱졣
һ˱ǳΪȾߡÿһȾ߶мǿǺͼǿеٮٮ߸ǿһЩص磺ٿػ棬߽
ͬʱǿҵĸӰҲ֮ͬЩȾȫòɱѪ˸еֲǣָȾɱУкܴһֶᡮתΪµĸȾߡ
޵ļֳȾߵĸȾʹЩӰȺ׳һЩ൱ǻ۵߼ָ£ڿʼ˶ɱ
Ѫɺӡҡ
ַ֮ǰѾһˣЩϰʷǴͬмġΪλĹϵԭ֪ޣֻ֪Щ޺͸Ⱦߵսʹ˴ĵԴ½˼ƻΣ档
ΪɱȾߵսбԼǿʼһ淢չֱһߡĳ֡
νߡʵǡȾߡ棬ӵСȾߡһʺֻǲѪҿơÿһӤᱻעһֻҩҩӤɳвϸĻֱΪߡ
Ȼֽĳɹһ
ҲԣҪӤ
ַ棬ôˣŮһƽŵץֱַۣҡε
ַ汻һξѣջ񣬶źһ˵û£ЩͷΡ
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ַͷĿͺһ뿪ӴɨһԼסַ治ٴü
ª̫ªˡ
ֻһ䷿˸ƽڷŵ˴󣬾ֻʣһªȻ̨ˡ
ַ򿪷ţߵϡ
ǰһеƽ¥ַ淢֣һ¥Уˡ
ǡɱաɵĽ𣿡ַһ䡣
ɱաÿ＾иһȫ޴ɱ
гʮŮͳһԭɱޣʱãֻɱһͷ޵ĳˣʸصƽסûɱˣֻһɱ
ܹɱˣ١
Ϊˣܶոճƽ񶼻ѡڽԭμӴɱ֮ǰΪԼĺͷйŮΪܶ꣬Ϊи벸ڸŮӻμӴɱ
ƽʮĳ˼٣ʮµ꼫
롮ɱաʮ졣
ַ治ֹΪʱִ٣ѾȲȥɱˡ
صԼ䣬ַ滷ĿĹһȦѰ˰ʮֳˮָµ졣
ַҡҡͷԥһ£ջǽˮϡ
¥˸⼣߰ߵﾶֱŻԭȥ


2 ϵͳ
ϲ಻Զٽеı߽硣
ߴĺɫǽ׺ĳǽԵ޺͸ȾߵϮ
ǽ֮⣬еϿգһ״ıĤǻе֣ô޺͸ȾϵõᾧԴģӵбȸǽ͵ķ
ſڣʿɢվ˵ЦšЩʿˣǲμӹδɱջǾԼԻ˹̶ĹΨһȥķŮӤ
٣СһҪʲôȥ߿ʿУΪ׳ʵʮֳ˰̵ӴЦʵ
ԱߣʿͬʱЦ̸ֹͣ۵Ļ⣬ȴַĴ𰸡
ȻɢǾδɱһˣԴδ֪¼һȻȻĽ
Ǵɱյƽ̫̫ˡ
ҪԭҪʲôַͣ½Ųƽʵ
ԭʲôʵӦǼеĶӳ˵ʱ˶տڲԡ
ȻɱޡַЦЦֲһ䣺ܲȥҰͰɣ
˰죬˿ַŵˮڷЦСӣеָ㣬ʱԭƾʵȰ㻹ȻȥҸŮ˺ú漸죬ȵɱոһԭõѡ񣬻ȥİҲһЩ
ʿȫЦ
ַֻ岻ΪллѣѾȲˡ
˰ҡҡͷðɣȻѾˣǡףˡ
˵ԼľѥгһѾذףߵַǰ˲нذ׵ݵַС
һβμӴɱʱһߵʬϼģһǿذףԸ°빦ãǵûҡ
ַӹ˵ͷ֣صллַסˡԺ
˵ֱԽˣ߳гڡ
տĴϣһƬãʮڻڷֵ֮Уַվ۲Χ
ͻȻַһǰ⣬һֻèⲽ
ֻèƱ֪ʲôڿַ͵ǰ˼ͻȻͣŻз֣ݺݵš
ÿٶȡַոèֻǱ˼ѣʱͳʮ׵ľ룬ȷʵˡ
߳ݱһޣ屡䣬ٶʮÿ룬ǰצд඾ء
ַϸǰޣ޿߸ݺȷݡ޵ϣڻжרŽ̹
ַ˵ֵ˽ֵǿذףֱӭ߳ݱ߳
Ż
߳ݱ˻ֵַ߳һ̣͵سַ
ٶʮ׵ľ룬ַ߳ݱ֮䲻̣Ƭ̾Ѿȫʧ
𡣡
߳ݱ͵һˣǰצźХķַ浱ͷ£˫¶Ѫĺâ
ȥ
ַһ߳ݱǰצҪǰһ̣ɿһת߳ݱһͬʱתĹԣ͵ҳ

߳ݱͷϣƵĶۻȻΪܲסػ۶ϡ
߳ݱȴûܵʲô˺ҺŻ˻Դٴγַֻǰצֿ˻סַĶܿռ䣬ȺĴſ泯ַҧȥ
޾Ȼһ֮ѾַķӦٶȿݣսʹ˫צݹ
Сַʵ
䲻ݷ֮ʣַȭ͵Ϸһȭ߳ݱ°ϡ
һȭ󣬡ءһֱӽ߳ݱط߳ݱڿ˫צ͵غģַԴһͣһһߣ߳ݱٶ߸߰ס
ʱ߳ݱѾϱ£㱩¶ĸоǲڿһŤҪ
ǧһʱַ̣һذװѸٻӳ͡һ߳ݱĸУһ

ɺѪҺͳһء
ޡ
߳ݱϣʹĲҺ˫Ŀַ棬ȴҲ
ַϣذ׶߳ݱ˫۴̳ذ״߳ݱۿУֱӽɱ

ַ泤һոյսȻʱݣȴգַҲеһ顣
ַ滹ûüϢһĶԺֱ𣺡ϲɱһ߳ݱһֻϵͳѴɣϵͳʽ
ϵͳοһ齱ᣬǷȡ
ַͻȻеԼԺжһһ֮£ַ泹ˡ


3 Ԫ
ô
ַˣǰ˵ԺУͻȻԳƳϵͳĶȻԼǰһȡǼоƬ
ֻǴʱоƬѾŴһ޴̣ĻҲʾһͼ
һʮͼЩͼǵǹڵʽֱַܹӿһЩʽȽصַһʱҲ֪ЩЩʲô
Щͼһ飬ֱ𱻿ڣɢɫĹâ⻹ͼֱӵĵطɵĿӦǻûп
ַע⵽ͼһƣǷֲָ룬ǸƷ֡
ǡ˴תַ֣üͷոúԳϵͳĻеŮ˵Լһγ齱ᣬԼǷȡ
ַЩԣǲܴǴӸոյʾӦһ˴תû
ϵʮɫͼַЩΪпǹڵӰӣȲʲôܳ鵽ЩǹڵĻַڻɱ޵ֶξͶ࣬ЧʺͰȫԶӡ
ȻϵͳЩԣַȻǹѡȡ
ȡ
ַһ仰ڣмͻȻһָָ㷽̿ʼ˳ʱתٶԽԽ졣
ԼӺ٣ֱȫֹ
ˣϵͳȡϣƷһѡ񡣡еŮʾ
ʾƷɻɵɫֻʣӷһͼȻ˸ŲɫâӦþǵˡ
ͬʱַ淢֣ԼܹЩƷĽˡ
1ǿҺࣩܹЧʵһҩڷʹá
2ţؼࣩѧϰӵоţ֮ͼ
3κ磨ࣩǿ
4׷ࣩɼҷ׭ʹúףǹ룬Ʒ
5Ԫ׺ͣ츳ࣩȡӵиӦԪص
6Ԫ֣Ƽࣩ鲩ʿƷԶԪӵǿ
ֽоȻ츳ֳַʶĶˣַе˼顣
ֻֽѡһĹ涨ȴΪַ档
ǿҺǲ֪ܹǿʣǿĲ࣬ѡͲˡ
ţ͸ӱЩϱ߱עѧϰӵоţ֮ԲСˡǹؼؼ֪Ҫòѧɣ̫Ҳͦ˷ʱ䡣
׷ƷǷƷַ濼ǷΧڣãû
Ԫ׺͸ףʲôûܣֻ˵ӵиӦԪص֪Ԫʲô
󣬷üţõֱܹʹõıʺڵַ档
κ磬ԼԪ֡
һһȻ
κǿַǰԽҲͨһЩ˵ǿΪַҪѡģڷ˼ԪֵĽַ֮滹ǷκѡԪ֡
ΪԪֵĽУȻ˵֡
販ʿƷ
Ȼ֪販ʿ˭ǼȻϵͳر֣ȻӦǲ򵥵ģһ򵥵ˣʹǳڵƷóҲ̫
رϵͳעһ䣬ǿ󡣷·յַѡƵá
ˣѡˡ
ַһѣϵͳѡԪ֡
ˣѡԪ֣ѷϣϵͳãڶʮСʱ¿ټ
ʾ˵ַ꣬滹ûзӦͻȻӳ齱״̬˳
أַŭһ䣬ҪŭȴȻԼһӲӵǹ
ƾճֵĽַһԻ󣬲췢鱾̫죬ʱַҲѾһˣֻһ󣬾Ϳʼе
ϵͳƷ·˶죬ַԪ֣оԼǰƵǰǹҪ˳֣⿪˼ǹַѾ͸Ԫֵԡ
Ԫ֣Ԫӵֱǡ׵Ƶ׵ԼʥⵯÿӵضĹЧĺԶһţƿʱӵԡ
Լַие⣬޲Ҽֻ
Ѫе߳ݱַǰ˼Ѫˮճţһȥ߳ݱλڳһᾧͷҲصĳŻԭȥ


4 ԭ
ԭʮ⣬ֻ߳ݱΧһʳһֻѪģ¹ද
ݿиʳ壬һֻ߳ݱ¹ʬƬ̾ͱʳɾ
ۿʳѾԹ⣬߳ݱҪȥͻ硯һ죬һźɫӵಡķһֻ߳ݱͷϡ
䡯һ
߳ݱͷ­ըɷ飬ԿЮŴɢɽֻ߳ݱҲ⵽ǣ
Ŷء
߳ݱ͵ɢһͳĺҡͷĹˣܿ췢վڰ׿ַ档
׵
ַ΢Ц³ָ֣۶ǡ硯һһɫӵ˲䴩Խ׾룬ᡯһ͸ǰһֻ߳ݱͷ­
ۿһͬʣµֻ߳ݱûие־壬ƴĳַ
ʥⵯ
һɢͰ׹ӵԪһֻ߳ݱͬʱҵǿ⣬Ȼһֱˣֻʣһᾧӿе䡣
ַ˿е⣬飬֪ʥⵯ޵Ŀãһз֣ʥⵯƺ;˿ڵá
ӵһʱ䣬ʣֻ߳ݱѾ嵽ַǰʮ⣬ǵٶȣһ֮ͿԶַ淢ˡ


ַĿ侲Ԫصֱһֻ߳ݱ
ֻ߳ݱϣֻһ˪˲佫ǰȶסֻ߳ݱһ飬ͨһԵڵء
еֻͬùԭʮÿٶȴʱòÿ룬˵·
գۼ䣬ֻʣһֻ߳ݱȻǰ塣
˲ԽԼͬ飬һݳַſľ޿ϻŸոʳõ¹ʬ⣬һ˱ǵȳ
ۿֻ߳ݱѾҪַͻȻһ˦֣硯һһԪص
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Уһɫӵ硯ֱͷը졣
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˰ʶԼ˵˻˼˵ҲǸ˼ֻû뵽㾹ȻҽԭڲҪ֪ʹǴɱգһƽҲڻзǧҵɱģû뵽ôԶܻ
˰˵仰ʱһ棬ߵʿҲݵɫ
Ҷѡַʼ磬Ŀ˵ذõĸоͲˣᾧǶĴлɡ
˵ţַӿڴͳŷ·ɫʯһľ飬Ǵ߳ݱȡᾧ
ᾧһϣҲΪһᾧõ㣬һöһᾧļ۸Ϊһ㣬൱ʮǰһԪıҡ
ҾͲˡ˰ûƴǣֱӽӹһһǿذ׼ֵԼǧõ㣬ûеѺĽ㣬ַ治㱨꣬Ĳˡ
ɫѾˣַͻȻﻹһһƣ˵ڵȲԼż
ַ̳ԭ˵ļ䣬ʵҲ൱ԼҲôһֻΪԼһԼףԲԸ⵱棬ݴСͬӵĸ黹ʵڵġ
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ַţͻȻһçײӰ˽ûվȾͿڴ󺰣粻ˣһƽ㱻ץˡ


5 ŭ
ַһˣԼھӶӡ
ԼһܵĶӻһ뺷˭ҹ²ӣǴʱȴˮۿֱתۿҪˡ

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Ϊеļμδɱնȫ֮һͳνҰÿζֻɱ޵
˵ѾǡߡˣֻΪҲŲϽġ
ַȴ֪ǲܵġҲ˵ķûȣǻеķҲ涨ߡǲġ
ֵһǣԭַǱġ
˺һƣһַһƬɶŮرıǿַйߣû뵽ˣֱӽԭַˡ
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ӻû˵ַ꣬Ѿжˡ
һֱӴ¥¥£صʱһжʱַѾٶȳסȥ
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ʲôˣҲ٣ַ棬ֵͼһ
ſڣַ֪һСػţǻǰЩԽַſǽעҪˡ
ַ˽еԪֽ֣غԪ̫ҡ֪ܲǲ֪ĺãҼСආѣҲòַ涯ǹ
ȡǿذףַһֱӳ嵽ԷȺ֮С
٣Сɵˣ˶壬첻缸ͶԲСƦǼַ嵽Լм䣬֣һַкȥ
ַһߣֱһԾڿһ߷һˣŽһߵˣذͬʱһԲˢˢˢˢһĸ˵ֽݡ

˲ҽУʹ˺󣬵ǽ˲ǰ
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ʵϾǴˣֻҪŮˣҲڴɱնɱһֻ޶ѡ
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ŮٻӣÿӶһµϣأҲеãȴò̫ࡣ
ַ͵ػͷһѶһͱڶԷһ󣬹ͷֱͱ˶ԷɤۣʹһʱѪȪӿͷˣ˵۵ȥ
̫̣һʱ˶ŴˣΪ־г
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һֱߵſڣַһŽ߿ѹںһƵϣ˺š
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źһ򾪿ֶЩ˫ַۣûɵһʹŭѾڡ
ַ棬СģϴûŪλӻȥٽһλԭҲҪ㽻ˡͦŸơƶǣֵվִǽժһ䵶Ҳϻֱӳַ濳
ХܹɱһޣʵȷʵǸǵġַ棬ࡣ
ַֿȭܰ߳ݱ죬ذһӾɱһֻ߳ݱǰʮĲɱ飬ûԪ֣ҲҪǿĶࡣ
ݡ죬ϧ仯̫٣ֱֱɱ޻Уɱˡߺߡ
ַЦذӭŶԷĳ̳Էཻǰһ˲ͻȻԷõ
ꡯһذ׻ֱϡ
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ʹĴ󺰣ԼµʱֱӾŵηˡ
ַ˿ûֵͣ˼һ̤ǰȥݺһĴϡ
ꡣ
һ̱Σһֲ˼ĽǶȳԱ
ȻˤҪʹͱַһϣм䴩͸Ŀǻͷ


6 Űɱ
ǿذײϣһҲҶһ˫ǾֵĶַ棬¶ĵı顣
ʱ˵ֻܷءкˮױֶַθɵˡ
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ֻǵʱ˾һӣҵţĽ
ַ۾һУذ͵شϳ˵һֻõļϡ
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Գӵ꾯ټˣòӲͷƤǰһ˵ֵܣг𱨳ԹԹҲǱˣʹΣ
ƾʲôַЦ
ӽ˽ǹһ˵ɱ˿ֵܾʹ֣ҿֵ⳥һЩ˲зѣ¾ȥˣ˵Ļ

ÿһд̣һŻԭɱ޵ĳͷܲ˵ģֵˣӦ֪ζʲôԡ
ӻδ˵꣬ͼַͻȻִӿͳһѶ
ЩַּܵУʮһᾧɢųĹâֱʿˮ
һᾧһõ㣬һõ㹻һƴúõĹϰˣֳָһϵҲõ㣬൱һᾧѡ
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ʱѾ϶ַһոսġߡֻܿЦһһʾԼٹܡ
ַȻǽߣͬںԭɱޣûгͷҲȥԭΪ׬Ǯ;
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űĥĲӵͼԲԸֵľ죬һȺСƦǶʱֽţȫѾһ̵ˡ
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İɣɱ㣬һᱣġַ汧涵ĺһƣ۵˵
ȻȴףⲢǺһҪĴ𰸡


7 񷢲
ڶ죬ַѾ𴲣ΪһͣȻһƯŮװصҺ𴲵ĺһơ
ʱĺһѾָĵĽӹַ·òװ¿ַһ־޵ĸо
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˲ֻ࣬Ա˸һûУɼƽתΪ񲢲Ǽ׵顣
ַԱǰȡһٿһᾧ˵һƣΪٽ񡣡
ǹԱһСѵᾧһ̾ı飬ЦǸλŮʿİɣŮǺø
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֪ΪңΪҲŸҪõң˵ѡַ汧ǰĺһƣȴ룬ҲΪԼǰһԸɡ
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һ㶣ûعߵ˰˵һ㶼оݵ㣬ڻԭЩԭĴож޻ĽõĳѨһԽ߼Խϲռݽ
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Ұһֱʮ⡣˰ָָ˵
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ַ˰ֱ֣̤ԭһ·ܿʧˡ
һܳأַޡ
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ȻûмֶеһֻǾͶˣ׳ĺһţַ̤浱ͷһֻǼͬѾͬ˻һֻȴ˰ģ׹ͬ
ַҪľڵһֻͬʱһ³˵ϣǵצ͵һں󷽸ĳ°ϡ
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ַǰֱӴӻĳǸǻȡᾧȻһֻɱȥ


8 Ӵè
ֻĳǶַûвԣһ˻бַӱס˲ӣһۿУ
ȡ˳ǵᾧַǰ΢ͷڣû
һߵ˺һŷ˷ܵˣˣ̫ǿˡ
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˿ֱַָۣͳſٳ˰ָķȥ
ԭ޿ʼԽԽ࣬ʱȺӵĳַ֣оԼʧ˷һֱɱ˰һҹȻûߵĿĵء
ַѰƾɵˮ๫·һ·ɱڻþʮᾧ֮ҵ˰˵Ĵ䡣
һСĴӣһȥԲףשķǽ඼Ѿˮ·ѾѣгһƬƬӲݣڴͷ·һ屮ϱϡܿӴ֡
ԭûϢ֮أһҹɱѰ·ַʱѾƣֻȻǿǰУӴΧʼһѰ޵Ĳ֮
ͻȻַ͵ֹͣǰˢһԱߵשǽϣȻվǽڵһ߿ȥ
һġ壬ֻǾһʳһֻ߳ݱʬ塣
ۿ߳ݱĸһԵĵַۣ治ɲǲԼʱ·ɱĳֻޱǼ˻
ֻǣʵҪֻ߳ݱַȻ塣
ϸۿһܱߵκַһ׵ֱӴ
׵޴ұը渽˺ʱһѳǾһ𣬱ַһ׵ֱӴһֻͷ˵ŽֻҲȫˡ
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һ󵶹צӰֻǺ󱳾ܴжóٻ
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˵ʱֻǣѾַ湹вˡ
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ַͬʱ۶һɫӵѾԪĿꡣ
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ַ泤һոһǹʱͿԶһڵ㳯Լֻٶַ͸еӦǸѶԸޣԲżӿٶشǣⱣ˶ɱߵʥⵯͿǿĲƵ
ʱһٽ䲶ַ治˿ͣ٣ֱǰһذèһֱ뵽нɱŰݡ
ַ濪һǹɱèһʱ룬Ԫֻʣһ׵ַĽ䱸ţһֱʱ󣬲΢
ֻǣһ׵ɱһֻһű׵ɱһֻʣֻĵֵ˼ºַǿذ׻˸
ȡһöᾧַ˳˴䣬ոյèеѹʱѾɱһֻ޵׼ûбҪڴ˵ءϾһﶼеġ
⵹˵ַ˶ޣһʱƵģҪһ֮ɱһֻһޡ
Ϊɱ޵ԭһɣ»Ϊдȴûлȡı磬ַҪڴΧתһȦȷ˵һ˵
ַתͷҪ뿪ȴͻȻһ˴Ӵ
ԷȻҲַ棬һ㵺ȻѡС
һŮһ󵶣ʵ׳һֳָٳǹ۾УǰֿȭСԼϵ޵ĽŮӡ
ӭַķг˲мɫ
Ȼߵǰֵһصʬʱͬʱһ亹


9 
ӴЩǰȫһɢŰ׹Ļ£ϱߴһǱǡ
ֻ½ҫ£ŻǽߵݡɫǣŽߵ߸ȼ
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СӣЩɱģ
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ַһ˦֣Ѿӭ׳ȲһƬ˲両֣׳˫ȶߡ
׳ǰͻȻʧȥģ硯һԵڵأͬʱҲ١СģǹйŹ֡
С˸ѣҲַ֪治ǱϿôСеԼûмʶġ
ǹ۾иǵɴ۾̰ģһץгǹַҪ
׵
Сġ
ͬʱֻһźɫӵ˲仮˫ľ룬䡯һ۾иǰըȼһƬ⡣
ҵĸ첲
۾зʹĲҽУֻǹֱͬһһű׵ֱը촷ۡ
⻹СһѣͲըһ첲ôˡ
գۼ䣬һԱˣһԱأСͽŮҲסˣַ
׵
һӵɳֵ󺺴ʱ˫ȱ޷ΧܣһҧŴ׵ȥ
һ졣ǿ󵶱׵һǹ
Ҳһʹô׵ĵƫһЩûд׳ϣֻش˸͸
ʱСŮҲѾ嵽ַǰ
ַŷ֣ЩߵٶȾȻɿ죬ѾԽļޡ
㻹ʲôС
СٶҪȽŮԿһ˿ȳ嵽ַǮ̧һȭַ
һȭٶͬ죬ַ治ܣֻܴҴ̧һ޴ӿ㽫ֱҶϣһ˳üŽɾжȥ
ۿŶԷһȭַ淴ٶܡ
Ƶ
һɫӵСȭϣʱܳһӽС˴ȫ
ַ˳ƳذףС̫Ѩϴȥ
СͻɵˣУ精ҡ
ۿַذѾҪС̫ѨŮ粵ĳҲͬʱϵˢһ½ַذײ
޲֪ʲôɣһǿذ׾Ȼ޷ϣַ϶ذףٺˡ
ʱ׳ıЧѾʧ׳طҶдѪĭȻսˡ۾ҲΪǹʲ߶ûвսֻʣԼַ׷ȥ
ʥⵯ
ַһһǹСȥŮ粼˾һ͵ػˣȻԼСⷢӵ
еľ޴˺ûг֣ŷֶԷֻŻԼöɢǿӵƣʵȴ˿ûɱӦõġ
Ƭ̵ĵ飬ַѾ˳˶ʮ⡣
ǹ۾мʱַѾԼ˷ֿʱ۶ɨȻΪ׼ȷȵ⣬һӵûС
ǹֵУַ治񱼡ڴʱѾ˴һתһסլУʵשǽס˳Ƭӵ
һҲӰܣ󷽸ոհƵʧЧСŮٴθ
һսʵ򲻹ӵʱ䣬ַʱԪֻʣһûǶԷȴ˳κһҲԼֿܹ˵á
ۿַԷٴζ̱ӣͻȻһ޺ַܵǼסլ


10 ɥȮ
޴޺г˱Űַ̼Ͷ˵񾭡
СŮͬʱɫҰףǰСΪŹȶ쳣˻ޣ
˳Ŷ˵Ŀ⣬ַȻתͷһֻа˶ߵľͺȮ߳
һʵļ߶вϱ仯״΢ŵĴڣ̦Ѫ죬ֻ۾˸ѪĹâĶǰˡ
ӡ
СͻȻתҪźȥȴͻȻеһأŲ̧
ַеһӵ
١ʲôŲɱ㣿СʱɫЩˣʽĶַ
޶ѣа취סֻҪǸҺɱʲô¡ַ˵
ʵûаտסޣûаӵù޵׷ɱҪ֪˶ǽߣÿ˵ʶҪԶԶ߳ԼԼߵһʱֻĸ졣
ַôЩ˶ӵġ
˭ҪٽҵүϿſңҿ㲻ɱͷɥȮҲԲŹ㡣ʱٽжû֮ءС˰УɥȮѾԽԽˡ
ѾһЩǻۣţǰĿ־ݡ
ַ潫ǹ׼Сһһ˵֣ұ֤˭ܲˣҵӵҲĿסǾܹ׵Ŀסǡ
үӲ˵ģӵֻֻ̫ܸɥȮƴˡ
ŮҲַ棬Ϊַ֪˵ǺпܷģûֿЩЧӵ
ãҼסңһĺܲҡ
СʱȷԼ϶Ѳˣںƴˡ
Զ۾иֵ׳Ҳ˹Ƕҵ棬СˣǶܵѵСûˣôȻûǣԺĻԭУǱض⵽˵ıֻҪһ˿ܣǶ׷С
۾Զһע۲ܵͼޣ粶ţҪɥȮȥ۾ֻͨ񶷣ζС㻹вУ
Сֵ׳üͷ塣
ʱʱѹַ̧һǹʥⵯССǰ˿ڡ
Ҳ١Һöˡٸһǹ˷ܵĺ
𼱣ҵӵ࣬ڵϡ
ַһС˵ʾЩʥⵯӦ˵ʱ
СֻΪַڶԼʾã˿ûим
ӵҪ׼ˣɥȮƿأˣ˶أ͵øܶû
ַ֣صĵͷ˵ס
ֱһǹɥȮ
ɱ
ַһ
ͬʱŭһ䣬ȴ˲˵ЩϻֱӸ͸λʼɥȮ
ɥȮסǰȣж˲䱻һҿҳ飬ر۾ӵûĳ䣬ѪĽ
޵ķǿʮּҵĹʵδ̫˺
ɥȮڱʧЧ˲͵һצĳӡϣһצȥֱӽԷصһ޴Ѫӡ
Ҳ٣СӣһǹҲƤʵܵشȻܹС
ӵֻʣˣȷھҪãַ泯ż˺
Ҫٵһȣһ£Ƥ˶ѣҪ˷ơСվһߣɥȮƺ󣬾ûжʱȴַֹеơ
һɥȮݺݵغãȻ˵
ɥȮɿ죬գۼѾι
СĴУСӣӵװûУס
֪ˡ
ַ濴ʱ䣬ȥˣŲĴһҪʼһӵҹӵҲã˵ɥȮ󣬺ѱ֤ɥȮתĿ곯Լ
һɥȮȻжٶȴСһըһξȻиնһֻ䣬Ҳ㱨˸ղһצ֮
ҲΪɥȮ̫ߣԭӦÿڿסʱͽЧСɥȮһצץϡ
죬ƣʹˡ
ֻȲ˵С˰С
ߵмˣ۾죬Լǰһצͷ¶ˣȴ˵ƤˣøԼơֻϱץһ⣬ʹܲˣģƾʲôҪԼ
ַ潫һ鿴ζЦЦֱһʥⵯ


11 ɱ
СֻǱץһ⣬һʥⵯУֱȫָСַӡ΢һ㡣
ɵòСӣɱɥȮػУҹҵıڣʱҳĺġ
ַٺһЦҲ𻰣ֻǿУ뵱ıֻ㰤ᵲްɡ
һƵʱɥȮѾ˴ðˣʹ˻һ̱ƵסͻȻһ˻
໡
С˼ΪɥȮǳŲסڰҪЦȴͻȻΧͬ
໡໡໡
ɫһ䡣
ǽ⣬ſһӶ۾ͻȻ󺰣ˣжʮֻƤȮڸϹô죿
סǣɥȮϾҪˣܲɱͿ۾СʱһɨտʼʱѾŲֻˡ
ַڽ䣬üͷȴһ
ƤȮһޣԼھһʱֻʣһСʱˣȴֻһûɱ꣬һλᡣ
ʮֻƤȮһ˷۾Ҳһȫɱ꣬رұ۱ַըϣ׼ȷȲԶʮֻƤȮֻӵߣڡ
ЩСආңǷɱɥȮַܹĺȴֿ˻һжڰļƻС
׵׵ʥⵯӵɱһֻƤȮ
һѴﵽѡɽֱӽ齱ڣԶֹǷѡɣ
񡣡еϵͳʾַ붼ûѡ˷
٣ɵưƵɱޣ֪ˡ
ַʥⵯɱƤȮʱȫһۡСţֱӳǰȥʣֻƤȮ
ʱƵЧڽɥȮҲֻʣˣˣƵԽ͡ʱĹַ׼ȷȲ۾ˡ
㣬㣬㡣ַ߶š
ʱһȥڰʱ䣬һӵλ
ȥɡַ˫Ŀһ񳹵׼硯ǹ
һǹ׵ֱ۾üģ۾
һ׵СС鼱ֱ֮һȭӵϣұʧ
һʥⵯɥȮֻһ»ҷʣһŻɫᾧӿе䡣
쵰Ҫɱ㡣СԼұ۸ĴС
ҲһҪַ棬ַһǱԭأȻһС
ʣһƵոɣַȴûмʹãǹָУһ߼һߺСӱҪǲͿܣȻɱҲ߲ˡ
ʱУ粣Сȫˣأǰصһ鼡ⶼɥȮ˺£еĵط¶׹Ǻࡣ
Ҫ˵ʵԱȣ˫󣬹ؼַԪӵʱ̫
ӣ̣ܶڸǿȵĶսУӶԾһ˵ο룿
¶ѾܹС˽ҪӵľҲô׵ġ
ַ汾Ҳû˵ԷӣֻöԷĲᶨһ˿ʱ㹻ˡ
ֻһ˲䣬еٶȼᶨɵӣַ֪ǲȡĸսҲ뵽ַΪӵԭͬʱԿˣȻʱַԣпԼţַʱ仺Լ˿¶
뵽һַߵݣʹˣٶҲԾҪַ߳治١
ǡ
ˡ
ַ¶̵΢Ц̧һǹȴУǴ˸ոЧСϣոջָݵСûȥٶȱƵЧ
һַûǸʵֻܽԷ˷ֻһһƣСٶ죬ұۣƣп׷ԼԼв
粸Ϊ˵ԭٶȱ࣬׷ԼʱҲӺԪӵܴ
һȥѾ嵽ַԶ˫ֳֵٹͷݺݳַȥСӣȥ
ͬʱַڰʱȥԪУһӵɡ
ַͻȻͷ׵˲üġ
ࣣ
һԽѪҺĻӿ֣־ٴ󵶶׳һΣȻ£һƬҳ
С
УۿеԼǰ⣬ߺޣ͵һԾַȥ
һԾɼӿǰٶȣҲӿٶȣڿ޴ʹٶٿҲǸƶİӶѡ
ַ̧۶׵˲粵ϺȻը
䡫
ûвҽУֻоҵıը粵ϰըɷ顣


12 
ַļֺողƵĹĿѡ粶СôԼɱеʱСܹʱϵ˵ܾܲУԵʱԼĴСҪɱԼ練ơ
Ȼǻ˸˳Լ˳ɱԷˣʱСûƵԼбĹֶΣȫֱӽɱ
ַûֶΣذױ޶ߣԪֻʣһһǺʣʤȯա
ô㻹ʲôҪ˵ģ
ַǰСϵĲƵЧոʧģӵڴ׵֮ǰԷԼܵķΧڡ

СͻȻЦò˵ǿҿˡҴû뵽Ȼͨ˿ƾһѸ߼ǹܶԿߡһֻޡ
ûҲϲɱˣǷҪҡַƽ˵
ǰ˭뵽һͨ˶ôأֻԼڽ߼ͥ︸ĸүүȫǽߣСͱȱԽУӡʵҸøл㣬һ飬Ǿǲܳж߹ǰϹ˻ǵ͵ãܹþáСͻȻЦЦ·ڸ̸˿ûľ
ַеЩԾ
ĿСϸңնһŦϡ
΢ͷ
ַͻȻеһ䣬ڿҲڸ
ַͻȻסԼϹۿСҲԼϵ΢ͷˣͻȻںҵһνҰҵĸΪҰ߰ҽͬʱҲϰװ˼豸ҵļӦѾϵ˸ĸ߼ߣҲһͻļ弶Ľ߳ǰԡеǹҿԱ֤˺㡣
𣿿Ҳұ֤˺㡣ַ΢΢һЦͻȻ̧־һ׵СĿڡ
СһĲţû뵽ԼҪ
ҴӲϣ˵ϣر˻ҵĳˡַ˵
Ҳڵᾧȱܣֻû̫ܳԶһεһưܵĽˡ
ϥڵϣֱַӽϵͳ
ʱʾϣһѾʾɣʾɶȰٷ֮İʮ
󽻸񡣡
ַϵͳת̺ʱнܿܲģֻܼϣϵͳܹһҲһԼϣ
һɣó齱һΣɶȰٷ֮İʮô󽱿ʸ񣬴ĵ屶Ƿʼ齱
ϵͳʾַ淢ǰǳ齱תϣеͼ꣬ͼҲһһԭֻռ֮һƷСĴͼͻȻ࣬ҪƷƽˡ
ַûʱ룬ֱѡȡ
ָתмðָ㷽ת̿ʼת
Ӻת̿ʼ١
ַŽƷѾ˲ٴܹ鵽ǼƷϡ
ˣͣ£ͣ£Ҫػͣ¡
ۿת̿Ҫַֹͣķźš
ϧԸΥתԽػڵ
ˣ鵽󽱣ϵͳΪȡȡԶʼ
ַһ㶣ŷָָķȻһƷ͵Ĵλá
ҿԭô£
ַͻȻУû뵽ô
ϵͳתϣͻȻ֣ûйɵһÿ˸ỻһλã󽱣ÿƷͼ궼
Σ鵽ؼһǷȡ
Σ鵽һšǷȡ
Σ鵽˳ҩһƿǷȡ
ϵͳʾַ治üͷȻƷܲвûԼҪľ
ʱѾȡϣҲûˣַ治˷ʱ䣬ֻѡȡ
ΣؼƷֻϵͳʹãǷѧϰ
ַ濴һⱾؼ
ؼࣩ߼ѧϹ֮һ֮˹߿ӵ֮壬
ѧϰ
ܺȻѾ鵽ⱾؼַȻҪѧϰڵȻսһ˿սҲǺõġ
Ȼ˲䣬ַ汻޴ľϲ׾ˡ
һ׹תмֱַԺ
ַͻȻеԼϸԾ仯ԽԽǿͣԽԽʵһʵı仯˵ʱַ壬ѾԽķ룬ӵʡ

ַͻȻŭǿڣ²졣
񫣬û뵽ؼѧϰֻҪȡֱɾ磬׬ˡ


13 
ַľϲҪ֪ƼȻǿ󣬵ʼջֻǿ󣬲ǿ󡣴˵ܹѡĻû˻Ϊǿǿġ
ǿѹеϲãַһƷ
ࣩɼҷ׭ʹúһʱʹ״̬Ϣ˻򱻹ʧЧƷ
򱻹ʧЧַһۿ⡣
޵УڴΧĹ£пܱƳΣֱӻɱģǿ󣬵ڸ߼ߵУͬżơ
õĺãҲܷӴáַ΢΢һЦ鿴һ
ࣩܹЧʹʣݣ֪Ʒڷʹá
ȡһַԶ˳ϵͳռ䣬Уһһƿɫҩֱա
źãַ򿪳ƿǡ
ƿַһγ齱ʱѡеƿǿҪ߼٣ܹͬʱԣַʱҪҲЧΣֱӹ¶ȥ
䡫
ַͻȻоһƬͣϯȫ⣬ǺʹԣȫܵĪϮ

ַʹ˻еҪ˺ѿˣԻң·һеؽΡ
ž
ͻȻһ죬ַڵһϸŵѣΪϸ͡
ǵڶϸڷţȻ۳µϸ
̺ܿ죬ַ֮ڣԣеϸһηѣʱУϸܶһ
ʹڰ˹ȥַ̧ͷѾˮʪ͸
ԭǽڿʼҲһˡַԳϲ֮ɫ
𣿿ϧոսҪˡ
һͻأַȻѡַֻеϵͳַʲôʾȴûʱȥ
͵תͷַ淢֣Լ󣬲֪ʱһʮˣǰҫʾԷӦߡ
˭
ַʱѾµ˶ԷݣȻʵ
Էûһ־ͶԼչһԼʵԷ̫󣬶Էм͵ϮһܾǣԷȷԼɱСǵˡ
ַ룬ڶԭĿԸ
˭ҪҪǣһССһǿߣȻҶҵү֣ǻĲͷ˰ɣƺʢ˵
ַ淴ȷԼ뷨ˣԷԲ֪ɱС˭
ʲôүҲʶҲŸոսոۿģҵʵ˲ԸҾҪݷˣĻҺ˰ַװµӡ
üͷ壬Ѿַ˵ǣҪתȥѰɱү֣ȴͻȻһƳַҴ·µԪǹ
ţˣ־㣡
˴ŭ֪ǰˣˣ̧һƳַ
ȻַӦ죬˲·³Ԫ֣һƵֱӴӵ˽Ӵͬʱӿܿ콫˲ڡ
Сҿ
һҪȴЩ쳣˿ûбϵļ
ʲô
˲һ㶡ַѾ׵ͱѵɱ˵
룬˽żһأᡯԾ׶ߣӵҳַͷ
ò˵߲ǷӦݺ;飬ԶԶһ߿ɱȵġ
ַ沢ģԪֵӵЧ޶ܿƵģձҪǿôЩԪصߵȻ
ۿѾɵԼͷϣ˫Լַ̤ͻȻһܵӭͷһĳ
顯
ššš
ַ汻һֱ΢һָǱһϣֱ׸߿ա
һȻܹһߵԿߡ̫ǿˡ
ַϲһΪ˲Լ嵽ǿֵز
ȻԷɳȥַ֪ǲΪԷڿУֱƵסˣ޷ȫµĽҪȫԣַ滹еġ
СӣѹܹɱһߣȻЩŵͷɥȮҲɱˡһЦϵѾʼʧЧ

ַشֱһ˫ȶס
Ȼ벻ǣⷢûûзһ룬ͱԷˡ
ΪԷֱҿ˶ס˫ȵı顣
Ӧͦ졣ַһЦȣʵһʶˣֻСû뵽ѡ
һ˸ոĿƣûüͱУʱе׹ӡ
Сӣҿ㻹жֶΣȱץˣҪĥ㲻ɡҧгݣغϣԼ˿ûռ˲˵ԷռϷ磬Щ߳ŭ
ģûлˡ׵
ַȣԪиոɵĴ׵Ѿ


14 似
׵ֻ˲ǰȻΪԭ˴ʱĶüһӵ޷ܹȥ
ۿҪһǹͷһֻɢڹĴͻȻб˳õڴ׵֮䡣
ۡ
׵Ŵϣһ죬Ȼûд͸
ʲô
ַ󾪣Ҫ֪׵Ȼ籬׵󣬵ȴǴ͸ڵ㹥ϣԶԶ׵˺еĶǿ󵶶״͸ǴʱȻ޷͸һֻƣ
ү
˹ַϸֻƵˡ
Ĳߣ΢ƫݣʮͣȴܾڵӶԼĿдӣؼһ˿ޡǰҫʾĿǣļߵݡ
ַԼļ߲Ŀ˵Ǹӣֺã̬Ҳã
תͷߵʵɱҶ𣿡
ǣش
˵˵ͷ˿ŭɫ·ĶӲһ㡣
ֱܹ˵̺ɰƣǹĶҲﵽһͷӵЧӵӦüֵƣ㵽ʲôˣ˿ƽʵ
ͨˡַ浭ش
ҡͷȻ㲻Ը˵Ҳǿֻ㣬ǷԸңҵӣ
ַ˵㲻ӱˣ
ͻȻЦ˵ʵ㣬ΪһˣѾʧȥˣڱҸҪһʵ̬ϼѵļ̳ȫڼеĵλҿͲ
ôֻҪҵӣ֮³ƹһᴫһڹһ似ǿǼֵǵĶԼŬʹŬʮ꣬Ҳδؾ
ַĿʵڹ似ոõСɰơ
ûм˰ȻͬһߣǹԶǿϰߡǵļߣϰ߿֮ʵͻһִķԾȫӲӵʱϰߵʵ󲿷ֶᳬǹˡ˵һսǿ似ܹõһַҵɰƣĻſ赲ǹеӵʹĻǹеӵȫֵڹ似ˡ
ַ˵ͷɻΪʲôոյС˺ǰ߽׽д󲿷ֶǹеԭ⾹ֲͬĽ·ߡ
ϰߣȻҪѧϰϰܸõʹ似һֱǹʹӵ书ؼѧҲûõġСӦΪǿԼһֱʹ书ԵУŲǹеģ۾ӦǷѧרְǹߡ
ַ˼Ƭ̧̣ͷʵĿϲǰӣΪӣ
ɫǵȻһӿɲң˶ѾˣɱҲ޲
ַЦЦǺãҵˣ֪Ҫʲôʽ𣿡
ڵõַĻش˵ͻȻԳһĨɫֻһȥͰ˵ҪôֻҪһ£˼˼ˣ֤ڹҿͷҲͳˡ
Сǡȥɡ
ַͻȻǹ硯ǹ
һƵϱļˣһö׵һö׵
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ˣƺϲǰΪӣ㾹Ȼʶô֡׽ҪҲɡĴ
ַͣӵͬʱѾͷ񱼡
ͿԷвʱ׹⣬ŶԷԼΪӵ˵ԷֻҪӵΪ̽̽ԼǷʲôǲļ塣
ϾмˣǲܳΪ˵ӵġ
ȻոմӦԷӣͿԷ׹ʢ͸ȷжϣΪǿķӵɱһˣһˣԼûӡ
ַûߴ·ٶȸƺ޷⣬Ĳ࣬Ǹǽγгߴ·϶ᱻԷ̵ʱץסԣѡڸ֮䴩õƱ߶߲ء
СӣΪӵ𣿽ҾǰȫˣҲҪҳɰơ
䡫
һһʯƺƲ𷭡
˿ûз˵ĶƺϿʼжһǿ
ļߵǿЩ֪˶õķᣬò˼ƾһ䵹
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һᱻ𷭣ⶰᵹͬʱһɫӳŻҵĳ浯ϢĴƺԺ
ɰƷס׵ܲҲסۿⷢ׵Ҫƺͷ­ƺͻȻЦһ͵תͷһڴ׵ϣͬʱӵķԾ
͵ˣֶҲҸӱȣ㻹Զˡ
ƺųٶȷɿ죬ǼƣòһӾܸϵַĸǰ
ַ¶֮ɫһɰڴһˣҪôҪô


15 ⽱
ļߵٶж죿
ȫܵĻ׾ò롣
ʱַƺ֮ľ룬˲ʮףۿһʱ֮Ҫ׷ϣַͻȻͷűԺڳȥ
ûõģձضڡ
ƺۿҪ׷ַ棬ٶȸǼӿ˼֡
ͻȻַʧˡ
ƺһԺڣŷֵһ
ؽѣѰ·
ƺһϲ˫ֻסͷ­Ҫһؽڡ
㻹Ķܣ
˫Ÿһأƺʹе˫Ѿƴ÷͹׼
ȻʱǰﻹַӰӣ
ܹʮƽСؽûа˵Ӱӣƺ뵽ѵԼˣԼȷʵǿԷڵؽѿʧİ
ʱһƺ
׵
硣
ͬʱƺΪûз˶񾭣û˿׵һǹͷ
࣡һƺ˫ͽϳһָͷСĿһļߣ
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ַ氵ңҶԷû˵
ʵϣַ沢֪ڵϣû˻ֽӽʹ˻ᣬҲռƺ֪ĿԻǼġ
ոڴУƺһֱͣĹᣬķݼƬΪܵʧЧص㣬ַ治ðȻʹǰ½ʯԼͻȻʧЧǾˡ
ֱ⴦ؽѺһ󵨵뷨ַԺг͡
ַûһ׵ܹɱƺΪͬķԼûô
ַ߿κһ֣СκһսһǹƺַԸԼΪðȻԷ
Ȼ黹ǰԤеηˣҺַз˳ƺɱ
΢˼ڴַûйͣƺѳʮŶᾧʮһᾧ뿪˵ؽѡ
ַʳ֪ζϴ١ԼСˣѻʮŶᾧͶʮһᾧ
ջַ̫࣬ĿڴѾװôᾧˣֻϱģϵϡʱַϼɱãѾᾧһţᾧʮſţһᾧһʮһš
ÿһ۸ʮļƼ۷ʽַѾջۺʮһᾧҲʮһõ㣬ⲻǽҰһһҹջѡ
ɱ׬ǮٶȹȻ죬ɱջ࣬ѹСǼʹõҸĽᾧҪɱңɱԽӦúܳɱ˵ʱûκѹ
ַʵʶһЩ
Ϊߺַľʶ࣬ʱѾоˣ˼Ƭַ̺滹ǾȻ˵
ΪԼɱҵүүѾҽ¼Թڻԭͣѱû߸Ǳ𡣵һ˻УɱԼҪܵĳͷˡԼȡýݺֳͷȽ޷ܵġ
ȥ·ϣַ˳ɱʮֻޣСʱ̤֮зڡ
еķԤַһڣӺ˰˾ͷһ˳
˵ֵܣ湻ģһһҹûɱ۰ɣ˰ַϵһЩȿʵ
СַĻشܼ򵥡
ִӿڴȡһᾧݸ˰һţš
ǸǵĴл΢ͷĲ
˰ЦŽܣַλõϢһᾧı̹֮ȻȴЩջ̰սʤ˲ᾧսڴ
˰ˣַصԼС
źһǿŵĴַ̣ͻȻӿһ˼ĸо
ЦҡҡͷַǿŲ룬ڴϣĬĬϵͳռ䡣
ѳΪߣԶÿһɻȡһѡ齱ᡣ
״οһѡ齱ᣬǷȡ
ϢϵͳתԱߵϣ̽ʮַۣһϵͳռͱϢˡ
񣿻һγ齱᣿
ַе£ʶԼʹýҩ󣬳ɹɱΪʱԺгֵʾֻǵʱΪĳַ֣ûü鿴ѡ
ַ涼Ѿ¸ˣʱֵõһγ齱ᣬڽϼһƽַеľϲ֪
ȡ
ַһ̲ȣֱѡ˳ȡ
ָ֣Ȼָ㷽ת̿ʼת
ӺַڴĿУָָһƿҩҺͼλá
Σ鵽ҩһƿǷȡ


16 Ǭ
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ϵͳַЩɻˣξȻûʾԼѡֱӸָָǼƷ
ַٴοһʾˣԭνġѡ齱
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ַһ죬ϸϷѱ䣬ַϸѾٴηһνɡ
ǿ
Ϊߣַʵȫһۺʵֹϸǿڽ֮󲻵ûбΪǿϸԵļǿˡ
Ҳѹ֣߼ĵȼǿţľţ֮Ǿ̫ѧˡ
ڿӦǿŽߵʵͬʱġ
ַܹܵĵĴӦøӽʽǿ߷ģֻԼû޷ѡ
򵥵ֻһǿõĻӦýǣôأ
ϵͳıעôַֻ࣬ܿԼ̽ˡ
ַڸı仯䲻ģԺٴγһϵͳʾ
ˣɣһѡ齱ᣬǷȡ
ҿַ͵شӴϱ¶Цõı顣
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ȡ
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ȴʱģַʱЩƷĹ˽Ļ࣬ûʲôرĿ󡣷תתﲻü
ڣתֹͣתָָһ·һͼϡ
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˵˵״СһÿһС϶ֵĽɫģӶһرС
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Ǭࣩ̺ռ䷨ⷨÿһһռ䣬ɴ̬ƷӦɿ
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ַеʮȤϵĽڵƷһǬУȻһͷųתۼظʮΡ
ôͷеΣַͻȻе
ԭǬʹõַ̫࣬ľЩסˡ
ַֻǽ˴ջᾧһƷ˽ȥڴϣ˯ȥ
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ַĴкҲЩøУ򵥵Ӧţһһ䣬Ѿ˹
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ҡΣ˻ǣ̫вˡ⹤ԱûΪַĽݶе΢Ȼԡ
ǺǣֻͻȻѡַЦ˵
ԭˣҲ˵ߵĽûԤ׵ģʱһͻȻʱɱͷҲûֽչǣʵ϶нĿܣ⼸ʣٺ٣ƱҪѡкЦ̸ЩΡ
ַû˵ʲôֻϵͳ齱еĳҩֶʹϴڣҲӦǼΪѵõģ߲ô٣Ҳѽˡ
˽̸ûãרѾλַλԱһһ𣬵רֱӷȥ


17 
ַ߳µ㣬˵ǼǣһЩҪ֤
߿һȦûзֺһƵӰӣַüͷ΢΢
Ҫ֪һƶԼǺģԼµԼһͻ춼ڽµţԴʱûпһƵӰӣַе⡣
µ㹤Աַ˸һᾧȥſʵֵܣǰиرƯŮģ֪ûӡ󣿡
ǹԱǸʮ꣬Ҳ֪ΪַôĺôأΪһƵò˷ܵġɫ˵ȻӡУǸкһƵŮô᲻ǵãҲģʲôϵ
šַȻĻش
ǰɣЩŵ˵ǼǵĿδ鰡ѱϢǷġף԰ոյǼǵĲҲδ𣿡
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ԥһ£˵˵Ҷţǰˡ
ַһ䣬ô˵
һɫ˵и￴õסַһ춼ûǰġ
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Ҳÿ˭˼ҿǴ귨ɿǳ¡ҲǣˣôиŮȨʱǽǣҲ׵ǣɻһ̶϶ԸŮƫ̻ġϧʮˣûлй
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֪֪סַģ껰û˵ͱַϡ
ָָ򣬵ߣԼһ֮иʮ˽֣סƺ337ŵĹԢ
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ַ棬ʲôʱôɵһѾǸ֯ˣֻǸͨˣһĽ߶ѡȫ׷ԼҸˡ
һĺŮزʶҲֵȥ׷󰡡οͶȻѾһУԸչ˺һһôΪʲôͲȥأ
ַ𣬾飬ַڿԼģʼܺһơ
ʱֻźһǧҪܵκ˺ұ֤ԼܷסԼɡ
һľڵַ˵ʮܸϵԶʮ˽ֵӣֱַӳ˹ȥ
ʮ˽ֲһ֣ǺӵһƬַƺŲңܿƺ337ĹԢ
Ҷ˵ˣطҲˣΥԼҶˣ↪ʲôϽҳȥһӣҾҪˡ
ַոתֵһ۾ͿԶһƵӰڱһֵ긾ŮųԢϡ
ڹԢĽֵϣͣܳȫ
ȫӣ壬һǰȥ긾Ůһ֮䣬Ц˵̣𷢻𰡣ǲ߻УòģҪҼҶӳŮѣⲻ𡣡
˭˭ӳŮѣˡһּ˵
ԱһƵ긾ŮˣϻһɫЦǺǺǣ˼Ƶ˵㣬߰ҪȥɾҪҹˣҲǹüλϰ㡭Ǹ
긾ŮܳеһȺ˸ĵЦȻһ˹Ԣ硯һϴţܺһôٿˡ
Ů˼ΥԼ𶼸ˣӷ֮Ѿûйϵˣ˼ҲȥҲ֮Уôðģ˼ҿǻģʱ򾯲ǻץߺЦǺǵĵϷţԱ߳ϵһȺͬʱЦ
ǡʲô
һЩܾĺţͻȻƯĺڱʯ۵ɴϲĳŽֵһߺַ档
Ҳ֪һƿǰַ꣬ȥ
Բˡַ§źһƣϧ˵
һſַĻЩʡ
Ȼ˵һСԸֻ˳ܶҵŮĳʵǷǳСġ
ֱΣֻԼӦЩԼ˵ֶΣܵѹ֪
ʱַĵһҲֲסſַĻп˳
ַĺһƵļοȴʼնǰͳļˡɱ⡣


18 Ϊǿ
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Щ߶һСӵĳԱΪЫСӡ
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ΪߣЩ㶯һֶΣͲ鵽˺һƵϣ֪Էδ飬Ҳδʱ򣬼۶ˡ
Ȼ߸߸ϣӵбȱ˸ߵĴʣܵѹȴҲԶڳˡ
ɱ޺͸Ⱦֻһ֣ѹ֮ɱ
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ַĺһƵļʾ˵Լ俪ڣǸ
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Сһŵӣȵ˵ţǸӣһŻ֪ԼԵʲô˰ɡˣʲô
С곶Լǰҫ£ַȻš
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ѣСӣ֪֪һ涨ԽӦǫ̬ȣΪڲߣǿԶһЩССĽѵġЦ˵ֺ̧ĳַһȥ
һʵûöǶͨ˵ԳܵģϧԷַ档
̧֣ͬɵסԷһƣȻһѾԷץסһһ껹ûӦͱַˤ˵ϡ
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һֱϷļͬʱȣһųӣʮҵȷӦЦ˵û뵽ϻУȻǽߣô¾ˣԺ˻ԭеʱ档
˵һ־Ҫ뿪
˵ˣǸַ俪ڡ
˵ʲôͣ½Ųһĸղ΢Ц˵
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ַһգԪѾǬȡԷӦʱ䣬˵־Ͷ֡
硯ǹ֣һʥⵯ֮⣬巢Եȫ
Ƶֱסһߣסһߡ׵һǰضһ׵ǴڸոյϷһƵֱϡ
䡯һֱۻΪ顣
ҵ֡
¶ֵı飬ҲݵĴ͡
ʲôˣȻˣҪ֪Ϊֺ͸ȾߵĴڣľѾˣҲΪˣԻڵĻﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣɵĳͷҲ˵ء
ˣһ˵Ľߣɴȥˡ
ַȴЩԼãʱиһƣҸԷȳֵĻᣬ˵һƵĻͺĪˡ
巢ӵַ֮һԪ־ٴαջǬС̧һŽϱΣ͵سǰȥ
ˣַ棬ֻǶ߶ѡ
ַǿѾ߹ߣԪֺֿƣʱռϷ硣
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ѡ

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գֻʣߣʱδƵĿƣ·⡣
ַ޹˼ɣֱǰȭңߣһƵֱ󣬶ãһǱӰ죬
˸ַ֣ʱ仹û˾ͱͷ
ۿӵЧҪַ̧Ž߷ɣһĿϾӣ̶̲ʱ䣬ߣԸɷ


19 鶯
ڵϲˣַеĻƽ
عͷȥһŴ;ȵӣʮֿɰǵַЦ
ɵѾͷﻹίôַźһƵ㷢ʵ
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ЦһַͻȻʵûˣ֪
һƴһ£ش𣺡֪ϲԶһС
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һСĻشķɿ죬·ΪԼĽţеľƱϾһһڣܿС뱭ƾͱȹˡ
Ҫ𣿡ַСʣһֻѾȻ§˺һƵϡ
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ҪʲôˣҪ𣿡ַЦţ촽ںһƵĶʵ
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ǣҪ㣡һЩˣҲЩˣַ½룬˫ḧַš

һúһƷԼΪʱ·𴥵һ㣬Ҫջء
ȻһѾ׼ַ𣬴ǿϢ촽͵ӡĴϣʣµ

һܻӭţƵ÷˳谵ķڣԼ˼ҹ룬еˣһƳ׵ĳĻǰ޽еķš
ԡͬʱ䣬ֱַһֻֽһƱ˳Ųһ·ȥ
һֻ˳źһƵĺǰ۵Сɰַеһۺַָⲻ赸
ַܲջһڶźһƵǰҧȥʹõĺһһú˫ַĽַ汧Լ
ַ潫ϣͷŵţŹκһ
ĵһΣַҪ顣
Ҫҡҡ
һţɢ˵Ȼ


20 Ŀ
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21 ҫ
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ոսϵͳռ䣬ͿһɫϵͳռϿգĿĴִַ̼񾭡
ǣȻҽ鶼֪ϵͳģһֱڹ۲ҵľٶַ΢΢۾ҲԣôȷŶǷֻǲ֪»ףֻһ򣬻ϵͳĻôϵͳܼӦò͡
һֺܹܶණַܿ뵽еһЩ⡣ûЩϱ˷̫ʱ䣬ֱʾ
Ϊϵͳֱ˴󽱣ûĳ֣ʱֻһɫʾǡ
ҫ
ʱޣ졣
Ҫ1ѶEϣ2ҫ㲻õʮ㡣
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ַ氵ԵͷںϵͳĿӣô˵ҲһϵͳѣһǶԼϵͳ


22 E
ڶ죬Ѿַ˯һۿľſڴߣգƯĴ۾ԼĺһơжʱһֵĸоҸ
緹ϴԷɡ
š
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·ܶ࣬ʩҲһĿȻȻûַָ滹Ǻ׵
˺ܶ࣬ȫҫߣڲǽϾһǽڵʾбʾ˲ͬ
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һƿַ뿪ͻȻЩҪΪֵַȴ֪Щʲô
רͨԭڣ·վһ㣬鲼ʩÿ춼вٽߴء
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ַһûжĸпֱӳŻԭȥ
˲ͬϵͳȷʱƣʱ֪ѶǶ٣ȡ
̤дţطֵ֮Уַһ·λֱӳϷ˳ȥĵһĿɱĦҰȮ
Ȼַ̤дŵʱûз֣һ˫۹⣬ڻһεĵط
ٺ٣СӣȻǶЫСӣ˻ԭ͵ȥɡ


23 ĦҰȮ
ʮľ벢̫Զ;вһ޳û赲ַǰֱɱ
ִһֻǵȡᾧַߵһôԶԶ
ţһȺޡͷȶͳӦþĦҰȮˡ
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ϴνɻװѾȫ˳ȥֻΪ𻵶Ǯַ
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ַһⶫڽ׳ļװмΪصĶ۸ߴᾧһҪһٵҫ㡣Ҫ֪һÿҲֻҪҫѡ
ϴСջְ浽õʱ򻹲Ӧ˵ǰɣٺ١ΪӡǹֺٺɵЦĻΪ⡣
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˶һ㶣ͬʱҧг
ԶҪ뿪ַҲ۾һУԷֻ·˵ضҪ뿪ĽŲͣתϸȡԷ̸


24 Ы
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ڻԭڴˣһ£ʱûһоĦҰȮ
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ЫϴϹЦǰЩ챻ַſڵ϶˵ֱܴ衣
ߣߣһոմĶһ˵ȥǶЦɱַ棬ԺôڻеĽȺл죿
ַһŴĺߣе̸񽥽ĮϤ˶֪ʱѾԷɱ
һصĦҰȮʬ壬ЫСУߵ͸ռᾧһһ㣬Զľ롣
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Ȼͷɳ屾ٶȾڶЫӳټǰ̫ͷִ󣬸ûַӵ

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䲻ݷ֮ʣЫӳһȣ˫һֱַߡ
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סĿǻڡ
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ӵУڶʱɱ飬͵˫Ҳϱߣۿʱˡ
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ĸָͬʱϣͻûлعͼһذײǰŴ
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25 ߡ
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սһʼַѡ˶ԷУ͵Զ̹֡ȻֻǶߣӵи߼ǹеǣȺսзӵġ
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ƵԡߡãȴܴĽˡߡķٶȣַһϲٳźȥҪ󿿻ǿȻܿ췢֣ʹǱ˷ٶȣߡٶҲҪԼ
ûõģƵԴľһֱλãйͱ˷Ļˣúʱɡ
ڷĴЦţЩЪ˹ۿ𼴽ñ˷ܵͨ죬˷
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Ыӳڡ


26 ȾС
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ԭڵǰһַ̣ʹǬֱӽս˴ռС
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27 S
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28 Ⱦ
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ʱַѪȻһѽƷϴһ˿ŹֵЦ⣬ͻȻڵȡ


29 ٲ
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30 ǿɱ
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ûַȴѾߣַеһ˿𺳡
ǵġ
ַ˵ͷûж໰
Ů¶һȻ˵ı飬ûΧŵĸȾߣַʵûʲô⣿
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ʲô⣿
ַԥһ£û˵һȾߡ
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ȻSô£
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ŮʮֿĵЦ
Ȼǲ֪Sοɳˡ


31 
ɫսϣַԶܵѾ¥͵ĸ߼ָҺȬˡʱڸ˽ԼɱȾߵľ˽
˵нѾˣ
Ů۾ʵ˵ʱż¶ɰС
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ŮŷǺܺõظ˵ûʲôϣܿﵽļߣҪܸұҵǰӢѧԺһһ㡣
ַ̲סһЦ
Ůһۣݺݡ˵ЦʲôھӢѧԺ˭֪¥ĴҵġѧԺѧԱ֯Ľ߶ǣ߼Ҳкü˵ǲǣ
¥ͬʵŮ¥ʻȫЦŵͷǡ
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һи̽зɻ˳˰ɡ
ϵͳ涨Ҫַ治ٶһˣ¥зɻ̽ʲʱҲѾַźƤ
¥СһţС˵԰ɻƾһ򡣡
ַһ±ŵĺʲôٰɣò˼ӵĺòã
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УΨһһԱϡĵطһϱеĺȲ裬żһʱ䡣
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Уһʮӿʵǰҫʾǡ
ԱߣһʮС˵ûܺ嶼ǱɱˣŶߣʵСʵǿˣھӢѧԺ޹ɱˡ
겻мһЦߣһٴΣҲ֪ôײɱȾߡȻ˵԰ڣƲ¶׵ĵףҲԶˡ
һЦаᾧùһһװ

ַصʱ򣬺һ˯
ϴ˸裬ɳϣַϵͳռ䡣
ʾϣѾɵַûԥֱѡ˽
Σɣһγ齱ᡣǷʼ齱
תϣʮͼȫͬʱƷһСռһλá
ʼ
ַм֮һĴ󽱼ʣ֪ܲܳƴ󽱡
󽱣Ʒִ󽱣ȡַѾ鵽ˡ˫ָҲȽ⣬ӦǳȡƷѡƷĴ󽱡ֻƣʲô˼
ҳи󽱰ɣҲԡ
ַſתת̣鲻Խ˿ڿˮ


32 ˫ѡ
ת̿ת˰Ӻſʼ𽥱Ƭ֮תֹͣתƷն˫ָϡ
ˣϲ鵽˫ѡ󽱣ϵͳΪȡƷÿƷѡһƷȡԶʼ
á
ַһƣ˫ָֻϡΪĶɣ϶ҪҪá
ȻַһתͣºָͻȻһΪʧָת
ԼʮӺֱָͬĽƷͣ¡
ΣϵͳȡϣһƷһѡ񡣡
ڶģ壬ĸĽƷͼȫ˻ɫֻʣһĽƷͼ껹Ź⡣
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ۣ
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33 
峿һƴŸȦڳæַ̫񣬡սһֱ
ַڲԵųԷƮ¡
ַܿһ߳ԷһźһʵһƣҲڵʱԼڼͦĵİɣ
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Ⱥһƿڣַ˵һˣԸķգá
һƱ˵ԼԸһֱڼҵַ˵õʱĬˡ
ַ̫ҪˣҪΪںĸܣһԸԼί
ַ浱Ȼ֪һƵ뷨ҪһºһƵԸ񣬲ȫԼӰ£Ҫ߳ţߵ硣
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ֱӳźȥһƵò̫ڣһ·˲ĿַĽҲͬ˸еη
ͼ۵ĳҲҪһϣǶַ˵Ǿţһë
ӻԭַʲѾﵽʮǧҫֱչᾧĹٷֱַȫһõ㣬ʱƴ֡
һѡ˾ܳԽҰγ͸ȫĳܹͣѰǧ򡣵Աֵĺϲ£죬ɾ͹µĹˡ
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ʵַ뻻սһıҲʺԼǿ壬κԽıԽַڵҲκһװ
׳ת飬ַ濴ٺöС߽ҡָ͡ҩһá
Ʒǧһһ޴ƷһǱĶӼ۸̫
ߵʱַ澭УյĴŸʾÿߺŹ
ַ濴˿ڣڲʮţһοţֻҡҡͷ뿪
ҫ߳ʱѾӽַڳЩʳģȥ˺һƻؼҡ
оôѲѣ
ڳϣַһʻһתͷźһʵ
Уͦ򵥵ġ㻹ûֱӿ·˰
һЩŵʡ
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ַԼµĿꡣÿɱȾߵɱ඼ظ񣬿Էȡû
һ뿪лַ֣ʹǬȡһοҰĴԽҰ
ͷԽҰֵǧ˰ַһרڻԭʹá
ʱٴﵽٰʮ/ʱֵһ
򿪳ţļʻңַһֱӺ䵽ףԽҰ·һͷҰһų˳ȥһ˻ҳ


34 
Ŀ꣬D200ͳС٣Զʻʼ
ַһ󣬸о񫣬ͽԶʻ״̬ԼʵļʻϱĿ
ԽҰƼܸߣܹԶʶޣԶܸı䷽йȥõĻ
ΣD200óлһǧףǷ˳Զʻ
ַ˫͵²ӣ૵ô͵ˣԶʻ˳
ʻȨתֱַھD200ųлһǧԶĵطͣ£Ǭ򿪣һԽҰͬʱȡD200ųеĵͼ顣
ֵͼ׳еĵͼеĵͼַ֮ǰرһᾧһݡ
ͳУһļȾ߾Ӷ࣬弶ȾߣȾ߼ٳ֡ʺɱ
ַͼųȥ
D200ţʮǰǻĶ֮߳һ󣬽࣬ȻʮϮսƻʱеĽЩưܡ
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ѾɫˣȻػУټ
ǬȡԽҰֱַڳϳʻż۶ȥ
صУַȥҫύ񣬻һʮҫ㡣ȻٴνȡһҲûA񣬷Ļַ϶ȡA׬ȡҫ١
ᾧȫõ㣬ֵܼ
ַȻļߣǱʵԽͨߣҪǻļߣ޷׬Ǯô졣
Уһװʮڣʮڣ׬Ǯ죬Ǯ졣
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ϻؼңڼԹźһ죬Ϸ
ڶһԭɱȾߡ

ֱַվһ弶ȾߵĲӣ档
ǸȾ˫ƴҪַ֣ȴá˫ֱ۾ףҪϢ
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ַĮ˲佫Էڵȫ΢΢ꡯһȾ߾׵Ӧϡ
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35 ߶
ʱ䣬ַһֱڻΪľܹŵַԸ񣬸˷ʱЩѾûսĵͼȾϡ
Ȼ˵ЩȾЩȼҪߡ
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Сɱֵܣ
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ɱҸ߶ӵĳԱҪ֪ʱű˻Ҫܡ


36 
ȻߣǾոԱʱҲַ뷨ۿϾҪ׷ַ棬ȴͣȴԼĶȫſʼһ
ĸˣӳɶְҵ弶УҲߣһΰǶܷսʿ
һСӣˣս幥һһǿ顣
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ǿ飬ʺϵսεζֶɱҲ𵽱Ѽã˶սȴռơ
ַʱöΧϤԼԼٶȣȡľζķʽ
Ҳַĵڶƣսơ
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ۿͿҪ׷ϵʱַͻȻ򣬴һС֮С
㻹ܡ
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£һڹûӦ͡һըˡ
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ǱѽӾӢѧԺʮֻһͨȫʮ㣬ڶķѼҵϵǿǾš
ƼƼɷФ̸ǱһꡣһǱߵҲ˵߲㣬˵УѾǲĳɼˡ
һļޣֱһֻֻֻĵͬ弶ޣֱ߲Ų㶼ޣʮ߼ޡ
ûκιֻҪɱȫ޾ͿԿ֮ţһ㡣޷ͨʱٰ̹
ФӽԼ֪ȫϸַ棬Ȼַӭ뿪ҲҪΪڶ׼
ҹַӵϵͳ룬ַʵеĽйء
һͨǱʱޣһڡҪͨĲǱ漴齱һΡ
սޡʱޣޡҪ󣬾ͨǱ㡣󽱿ʸ񡣣עͨԽߣ󽱿Խ󡣣

һգ硣
޴㳡ϣһӢѧԱķд󲿷ֶһ֣һ
ַվ㳡ϣۿ㳡ܵĻٽзͬAµġ󲿷ֶSSSҲSSS߼ֻ٣Ҳࡣ
ڹ㳡һ࣬һ޴ʾϱ߷ֱ𲥷Ųͬ¼棬ʾϷдŹЩֽܡ
̽ա
׷ս
׷
ֲҽԺ

ַߵһĻλãʾϷдţͨǱѧԱ񣩡
һĻʾľȫ֮صĳ
ַ档
һϤŮַתͷ¶һ˿΢Ц
㰡¥
¥ŸСӣװͰ˵Ӧýѧĺòá
ȻѾŬڰ׺ݣϧһǿС©˳ƾ˼ֿɰϢôҲо塣
ӵ˵ĻַЦʵôԼĶأ
ڸղŻͷʱע⵽¥ǰҫѾ߿ˡ
¥ЦһգЩ˸е˵̹˵Һǵļ̫࣬һ°˸飬Լءף̹ˡ
˳¥ָķַ濴һ˳Լͷһǽ̹
ȫǶʮҵӣһɫ߼ߣʵʹھӢѧԺҲĶ顣
̹ٺá¥ʺá
̹١ַҲͷʺ
˵˵ͷ¥˵¥¶ѣˣҾͲٽˣӽǾһִ¥ӳҪһѵ֪𣿡
ǵģ̹١
¥ЦŵĻشЩ˶¥ؽ˲ţȫԼˣнֹ̫ѡ
˽úתͷַ˵ߣҴȥǱ
ַͷǱȥ
¥ںߴַͣĲ˵ˡ
ַͷҲصİڰ֣ȴɶʱˣ˵ˣĲ㶼ˣҿôô

Ǳǰַ֪ж޴
˽Բһʮ㣬ײԿխխĶҲгǧ׵ֱһвһǧҡ
ǱǰһСĹ㳡ʱ㳡ѾվˣַʮѧԱͬһǰμƼ˽̹١
šôˣֻ̹ڹΣַɨһۣʮ̹Уֻ˵ҫϴšաһŮ⣬˶ǡһա
ͻ߼֮򱻳Ϊ̹١̹ٹֱλ̹٣λ̹ٺλ̹١
̹̹֮䣬Ϊԭʵ޴󡣾ַȻҲļߣҪʵҲﵽߵĳ̶ȣͨļ߲̫ࡣ
ڽ̹ټĽУʵı׼λףǾΡ
̤սɱֻնһĹѫ֮󣬲ſԻȡΡֳʮ̹٣ӵоεĲˣӵжεֻһˣɼӦʮѵá
׽̡
һǰ̬ȹĺͬһļѧԱ
Сһӡһ۶ԷѧԱЦŻӦš
Σǿʵĳ֣˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣬½ǰкͬʱڹ۲ַ档
׽̺ٴѧԱǵһζǰ¥ҵǸŮξȻһˣ
ʵ׽һҲֻѧԱѣѾǽ̹ˡ¥ǧʮѾﵽ߼ָ̹տɴδȻʲôǳȻƽ
ҲܳһǱѧԱҲһǲ֪ܴ򵽼㡣
ҹҲ߲㣬ܸߡ
Χ˾벢̫ԶȻСַֹߵǺһЩ¼
ôоԼܳ嵽㣿ȴУͻȻʵ
ַ룬ص˵߲Ӧû⡣
üëһʵ߲ͨ㻹ǽ߲㣿
ͨ
ַܿ϶Ļش
ʵַԼھŲ㣬Ͼͷ޶˵ȫսʤй˼š߶ӡ飬֪òһЩʵЩơ
·𿴳ַ뷨ѵǧҪʵףҲҪԼĳɼԺѧԺеԴкܴӰ졣
ǱߣõԴͶ࣬ٶȾͿ죬ȻõԴγһԵѭǱͣõԴٵĿҪ׾ͺѣҪȥƴյõһԵѭҪתҲʮѡ
ԣһҪϵԺĳɾ֮ͣȣ¶ȫʵʲôһףʵһأʱȻµĵơ
ַһоеߵʵǷԾʽģһνʵȫûҪı¶ʵ
ңַáš˲֪Լɱ߶ӡ˵֣ԼҪôС


3 
ʮǱǰ㳡ѾվˣһʮһԽ̹ѧԱ
ʱǱѿһֳŮ˳˺ѧԱʽʼ濪ʼһһμߡڣ׼
һĿǰȥŮһҫɨһ£ȻʾǱС
һߣĽ̹Ҳȥӹ㳡ϵĴĻϿԿ̹ڽǱ󣬾ֱһ䣬ʱ׼־
һεΡһǱеſһͷļ̺һУһʽʼ
ļ߶սļޣһƽսʵϺܹͬɱޣЩμѧԱȴͬΪȡúóɼÿ˶ӽ̹һЩ߽װ
ڵѧԱ˫һѷսŵĽ䱸ţһζļޣʮ
սǿսԸļޣӲҲֱӽն룬ûôһһ߽̺
ӦҲƽԼŵ顣ڲŸոյһ㣬򵥵һ㣬ڲӦȻһѡ
˫Ѹ٣ʮкڵĲӸտʼóҲڣȫ״̬֮һն̺ľС
ɺѪҺӿѪͷ̺ĺһԵڵϡ
ѧԱɱͨһ̤ڶѡ˳
ڴʾڵѧԱڴ˼ͽ̤ϵڶĽݣûʱϢ
ڶ㡣
ڸո̤һ׽ݵʱֻļҲͬʱӶ߳
𡫣
һ˻ֻļ޷һǰȥ
ֻǣĬֻһ˻Ͳ˵ڡ
ڼѻʤƾǿսֻļն𣬲ԼҲˣܼս
ѧԱͨ㣬һ뿪Ǳ
ֱʱһֱڽеĽ̹ٲǰȥֱӴ뿪Ǳ

һֻͨΪ˶ò˳úܶΪ򵥵ѧԱеѹʱȶԷʵǿ˶١Ϊǰܹ̤㣬߲㣬Լãܹȥģڿڶ㶼ѱܹȥ
̫ˣǽǷضʳ⣬ûһǿߵӡ
ַڰҡͷ۹⿴ЩӢѧԱսʽɵġ
ǻ۽ϵͣʹ߼Ҳ޷ͨȣϰսɵЩˡ˼̫ˡ
ַǰһѧԱΪ±˵ҽʹ֣ҲҹϽδʧ
ЩӢѧԺϾְҵɱ֣СȻ˲ѵʵսǽԭ֮󣬶Ƕʮҵˣܾʵսǵľ޷ַȣ޵սܹá
ѧԱΰͨ㣬һ뿪Ǳ
һѧԱʱʮһУֻʮһ˻δЩУǿһֻͨ˵㣬ոսͱֻ弶Χɱ
ͷѧԱȣ̹ҲǲܸԤġ
ڣŵʮʱֵַ档
һַ棬׼
ַ߳ǱſڵŮǰŮŸַҫһɨ
ΣȷϣǱ
ˣԽȥˡ
ַ˵ͷݲǱҲ룬ֻһ·ߣֱһǡ
㳡ϣ˶ס˺ڴĿ⿴Ļ
ѧԱַ棬ʱ׼뾡״̬
ȡ
ַһȻ³Ļһֽţż򵥵ʼչ΢Ц
š
μرǳô̫֣ӦǸսš
ܶ˶ָоΪַѧԱȻͬ
һζšΡһ죬һǱеűд򿪡
ĿСţ̺Ӵ߳ǰһʱ򣬺ԥĳ
ʳˣѪеʱַеʳ
֡֡
̺˷ܵĽԼٶȳֻ𣬶׼ַ棬ֻҪУ½߲в
̺Ȼٶ͵ޣΪļޣٶҲ̫֮Сۿһ˲̺ļҪַϣַڶˡ
ֻǺ̧һֻȣٹͷȻصһ̤¡
䡫
ǿַ̺һŲ˵ϣǿž޴ԴȱѪԽɽӴȻַֹͣǰ
ַôƽվţһжôȻֻһţȫ𺳡


4 Ǳ
ļ߶ԿļޣԴֱһɱ˾á
һֻһļ֮˲ַʱ
ҸղſʲôһŲͬޣһͷ̺һ̹پ˳
ⲻİɣֻļߣ߼ǽ̹ټ˶ߵѯʣȻò𰸡
̫˼ˣǡѪսҵġѪߡţļߵʱҲôһ̫˰ɣ
˵⻰ǸͷˣԱȺַ֣Ǳʮ־ˡ
Դֽߣչоɾ޵ĺ֮ϳǰرǽ츳Ŀкܶո¶â
Ǳļ¼ơ
ǰ·ݵһѧԱиǳһļڼͿ츳ľţƾ賬˵츳һͨȫʮǱΪһδ˵
ǾʱҲûô𺳹
ûп츳ûʹдһŰɱͬޣʲôûܸס
˶ɵַĽ̹
Сӣǿֵز
ַվȴǱе˸ʾǰ춼ûʾ
΢΢üַʵҿϵڶ˰ɣ
ȻȻ
ͨ¥ݿڴ򿪣ַ룬ֱ϶㣬ֱʱ㳡˲Ŵлع
׽̹ȻÿѧԱַ֮ͨ桭ǿ̫ǿˡ
һͬӵоεĽ̹ǰףвĽ֮ζѧԱɫΪ̹Ҳей⡣
ַ㣬ǰ̤ݣоͬʱֻ߳ļޡ
ǡ
ϵһȦȦɫëȺӣϡ
ֻǸһַͬʱ񱼹;оȻڵλַγɰе̬ơ
໡𡫡
ٽַߵʱֻͬʱһһҳַ浱ͷѹ
ֻŭŵѪи̣Ӳӵ˫צƵһϣ˵Ľ
ַɣֻ˫˸âֻǾԼ׵ʱ򣬽ͻȻһӺֻǵм䣬ܹһ̧һһץֻǵͷϣһײ

ɾ䣬ֻͷѣԽʱ
㳡һ
ϣһ˫ֵжֻͬ޾ôСһһײˣļߵ
ַֻ⣬Щļ޸
ļӳ£ַʮͬߣ£ѾԶԶ߼ߵļޡȻ޵ҲԶߣȴԲܳʮϡοʮˡ
̤ϵ㣬ַֻԭ๷飬ֱһȭһֻȫϸɴ࣬ġ
Ĳһֻ弶ޡȮݱַһ߷һȭڽȮݱĸȫ
㡭
ֻ弶ţϬӺ˫˫Ѫ
㡭
ֻ弶޿棬һֶʮȫɱÿһֻͷܵشһ
߲㡭
Գҡַһȡһ˸ǿذףٲ˲ƵԳһ뱳Ŀڣ˲ɱ
ڰ˲㡭
ֻٶ磬ַ߳ȼΧַһˡ
ս˽ʮӣֻµʱַѾˣһЩƤˣûһڱ󣬴඼һЩ̫Ҫλϡ
ԽսƵļٲɿռϷ磬ȴ޷ѹƣ˻ˣⳡսҪ־áַڴϢʮӵĸǿȶսеƣͣûʱϢֿʼ̤ͨھŲĽݡ
һףסַ治ţٵź
һǵھŲ㣬ӢѧԺÿдԼʮһ˲μܹ߲ͨһ궼ᳬڵڰ˲㣬ԴǱʮһֻͨھŲֻһǸҲһͨ˵ʮһ硣
ڣַѾΪʷϳ˵һķѼ֮⣬Ǳǿ֮һ
㳡ϣһڽ̹ټȫסŵս˫ȭַǱ̫˵ʵģֱʱַһЩƤˣûд󰭣˸оӦлͨھŲ㡣
ĻϣַӰ·øߴˣȻֻļߣȴһҵ޵ڷн̹ٶעšƺڼ֤һδ֮ǵ
ڣھŲ㵽ˡ
̤һ̨ףŴ򿪣ֻѪʨų˳㳡н̹϶ɫ
ѪʨеߣʨΪ߼ޣӵнΪ޵ĻᡣƽϼΪĬɱȺ֮һһ̹૵˵оַ治ͨھŲˡ
û뵽ھŲǿѪʨͨ˲ǱѾܾˣδпܳΪϵġ
˶ⳡΪֹˡ
ַǺ΢΢̣Ϊŵ૵Ѫʨ⼸ɱ˲ء


5 ʮ㣬֮
ַվϴŵЦ⣬ذתһȻɵӡ
ѪʨǰЩ޲һǵǻҪһЩûһͷĳַ湥ǵһʱɢܣռλ
ڹ۲ַ棬ֻѪʨַΧһȦڻƶ
ַͬżڸոյսкķ˲ʱý
죬ַһֱڱеģ޺͸Ⱦ߶ԼʵսӦľǿѪʨ
ۺʵǿĬѪʨȺΪĿͬԿСӵȺ塣ȻַϣٴĬҲǼֻҰ޶ѣǵΪ֧䣬Զǻۡ
Ȼ˫Ƭ̣ѪʨѾסˡһֻͳ˻һֻӦ
Ҫ𣿡
ַ΢΢һЦֹͣתеذףӣ˫ȰԷս׼
𡫡
һŭַӭһֻѪʨȷѣͷַкⱩ䣬ߵƻӷ
׶೤ԾУڱסˣ쳣˿ҲǿذףģѵУһҧУֵܿͻᱻգ
һ˶Ը޵˻ұܣַȴֻ֪ԼѪʨĸܣжӦѪʨǵԼΨһ·ֱֻǰ
ڶѪʨոԾʱַѾˡӭǰԾĿѪʨ˹ȥڿҪӽʱֱһػжצѪʨ·
һԪֱȡ˳

硯һӵпѪʨĸ޴ֱӽѪʨӰѹַڵأֱذ׳Ϸ̴ӭµĿѪʨ
ꡣ
ذ״ѪʨһУʱѪʨĸһ޴Ļڡȫ˳
໡
Ѫʨʹĺţǰ˼һͷԵڵء
һֻ
ַһվմ˲ѪһѪʨӻϣֽ¶ȺлУһɱޣʵٴ𺳡
ֻͬѪʨͬʱˣ˻ųַǲٷɢ໥һɱȥַٲ㣬֮ζżһóӰܶش˺
һʱֶӣֻѪʨȫɵ˵ϣַЩ֮⣬ûյ˿˺˵ֻѪʨвԶֻΪļԶѪʨشơ
һˡ
һַ沽ᶨϽݡ
ʮ㣬Ǳһ㣬Ǳֻһ˵ϣַǵڶӭһֻ߼ޡ֮ܡ
һֻ֮ܵޣδѾףǿ׳ɽɫƤëɢһɫĹâٸʱ䣬Ժ׵Ľޡ
ણડ
һεҺӴ֮ܵ£һˮߺڵϡĳַ԰ϲʳ
ַüͷǰĴ֮͡ĸ߹߷һĹãԼֻҪһƣҲҪϼͷ
֮ܵĲӺܴȻ̬أǰٶȴҲ̫Ͼ߼ޣ֮Ѿַǰһѳַץͷ·ڼвһ⡣
ַ΢΢üһκ׵ıܿͬʱ˫һԾգذ͵ضŴ֮ܵ۴̳
໡
һŭ𣬴֮ˡ
ַأźҡҡͷղõһλᣬϧʧˣ֮ܲϣߵޣΣյķӦʮѸ٣ڼ䲻ݷ֮һֻƵס۾
һַѾﵽ˿ֲʮıԶһ߼ߣǶϴ֮ܣȴֻǿƷʱ֮ܵڵѪǺ˿ڲ̫ΪѪˮ١
𡣡
֮ŭˣһƳַĳ
ƽӹһƣмֱأٶȴʮֿݣգ۵ַǰ
һƴһ˿ɫĹâ˸ЩãַһȻ֪âʲôֻƾһƵͲܿġ
һʵ̫ˣټַոԾ𹥻ʱŸոأѾˣۿһѾַһ±ģ
ٲ߾硪Ӱ
ַӰڴ֮ܵ󣬻һ亹
ˡ˵֮ܵݼͣӦָƶٶȶǹٶȣӰ칥ٶȣ֮󣬹ٶȿЩġ
뵽㣬ַüͷĸˣոֻǼɵ֮ܵķҪͶˡ


6 Ԫ׺
䣬䣬䣬
ǱʮУ¡¡ڶȰ򳡻ҪһЩĿռУһһСӰǰ׷ӡ
ֹǴ󣬼ֱǴûˡ
ַƣ֮ܵһצ֮ȻǱŲԼƱĲһǰ㡣
ζУַҲλӰ˲Ƶ֮ܵ󷢶ȫһǳ˸տʼΣ߼ÿַ淢Ӱʱ򣬴֮ܵϾͻһɫĹĤͬʱƤ˲üǿذ׵ķҲ첻˺
ɫĹâ⡣
ַһηӰȻûоɫĹâַ֣һ
ûõģ֮Ԫ׺ʣﵽ߼֮ںԪûдﵽ̹ټ߿츳Ʋ
㳡ϣڶ̹ٶڶԼߵѧԱţ߼УһЩǽ޵еĴڣûп츳޷С
Ǳʮ㣬̹ȭͷսȴû˿취ڵйĻϣԿַ棬ַ濴Ҳȥ
ַ治ϱ֮׷ɱнĸַȴ޷ΪַֻԮǰĹĻŻȡ֮⣬ҪгȥҲǲܵġ
õַͷһַˡѵãԽУԽ׽ֻҪһ˿ϣҪƾʵȥս
ɫĹâӦһ޾ȵҪʧʱٶԴܷ֮˫ʵ̫̫Σգ𲻵ѹԼǱܵá
ַʹõɱ֮ܵĳ嶯תζһһĥĴ֮ܵ
ʱһĥתһСʱȥˣ㳡ϵӽŵľѾֻʣ½ĵȴɫѾкüѧԱûͨ
ڣ˿ʼɧˡ
ôںʱ䣿Ҫ֮ܵĹɣһ۾۾һˬ˵
ⲻܣ֮ܵǿûô׺Ĺ⣬ַ棬ܼôʱ䣬൱ߣһšһաλ̹ٿ˵
Ĺ֮ܵԪ
һ϶˵˵ĵһѧԱַʦ
ŻȻ
츳ʮڲͬĽ׶ΣչַʽҲͬڴﵽ̹ټ֮ǰ˿츳ʹҲֻһЩ׺ĳ츳ӵжһЩĸӦ
֮Ϊһ߼ޣֻ΢һ˿츳ķ͹ʱʹã϶޷֡
쿴ʼˡ
һ̹ٵľ˵ĿٴαĻϵս
֮ܳʱʹ츳ԪĹѾΪˡַ浱ıսζ
һ
ַذײϴ֮ܣٲ任ʹԼһֱڴ֮ܵ
໡
֮ʹԪñֻʣٵһ˿ɫâƤ˸޷ȫסǿذ׵ĹַںһͱķҲǿЩûͱ̫
ͬʱ׳ǰһҵ趯ַҲ˲С鷳
Ƶ
ַȡԪ֣һƵ֮ԭءԪ֣ذ׷Ĵ̳߾ȫ
𡭡
ܱ֮ŭɫâٴƴ
ءء
һȻϡ


ַԪصƣϧԪֵԴ֮˵ѾӲ̫áıһڱ֮飬ҲͲٶȡֻʤޡ
ⵯ
ַȡë׹ҿֱۣӽϱ׼õⵯǿܷ֮һ󺿽У˶ݵʧ״̬
ذһ˲̳ʮΣÿζǽ߾ȫڴ֮ܵĺһѪۣ㴴˶ڴ֮˵ɲʱսַѾЩ½ˡ
쵽ˡ
ַüͷ΢΢е˻ƣ⽩ӲԶЩ΢ѣӦǴﵽ˽ٽ㣬ǰһ˳ǲ֪Ϊʲôһʼ޷̤
Ҳǵͻ弫ޣо־ͻơַ룬оԼѰͻƵķ
ǱޣΨܼ֮ǱܡǰĳȻţȴһֱûҵƿأʵѹ󡣱ϴͻʱһвҲǽؼһ㡣
ͨ㣬ַͻȻֹͣߣŴ֮ܵǰȥ
޴ͷ£һУַ治ҲزС
ǧһ֮ʣַٴαģһӰڴ֮ܵһ֡
ʱ֮׼£Ҹȱʧ¶㣬ַץʱһ룬Ȼ˲γذαˡ
໡
ܷ֮ŭ˻Ҹˣұۻü㡣ƶַ淢
ͬĶַٴӰһڴ֮ܵҸһѪˣ֮˫ȫܴȻܻȴ޷þȫ
ۿʤȯգַȴذ˫ȭ֮ܳȥ


7 Ա˹
Ҫˣ
㳡ϣ˶סˣַڷʲô裬ȻҪ֮࿹Ҫ֪ǿǿĴ֮ܣʹˣҲͬԿģοַ滹ȼ
ֻ˿ַ뷨ĵַ̫ˡ
ء
ءء
һȭȭһƣַ˫ȭ֮չⲫһδαˣһδӭȥ
ַҧأ˫۽ľ֮ܵԽԽһ֮ǰûзӳʱҵᣬӲҸʹƴĻӶƳַĻ

ַ屻һķɳȥϵ˶ΪַȴˣȻȴϡûһʱֳȥŴܾ֮ȭҡ
սڣͻԼļޣѣоʹƾһɺݾĶŴܹ֮
ڣַһαķˡ
һͬǣַڵϣûе
ˣ
ܶ˾ÿϧΪַлӮʤϧΪҪǱʧᣬûͨصʮǱֱڣ˶ѾַͼҲԼǹӺݾ
ǱʮͻȻˡ
֮վԭأַ棬һʱӦĵôβԼ
ٺ٣ٺٺ١
һ΢ЦַӵֱЦݣִǬȡԪ֣硯ǹȡһռ佺ңºɫ͹𣬿ʼĿꡣ
ߵ
ܶ˶ʶַеĽң֪װʲô
ǱвʹʲôΪǸʹõģһûһʵô¸ٺõҲӲ
ð߿ռ佺˵ĿҪӽʱ䣬⻹Ҫƺþ룬ҪֹԷͶܣƺܶࡣ
ͬģǹ֧Ҳˣڰ˲ֻͨŸ߼е룬»û׼ͱԷ˲ɱˣٶ̫죬ûжӦ֧֣׼⡣
елеǶҪ߶׼ȷƵģֲһ
ַܹʱɹͷųߡһʵ֤
ǿԤϵġܱ֮Ѿ˲ˣټϲƵͱԪӵĹͬƣûѳ
ߵ˳䣬ַۿŴܱ֮ը˷飬Ҳ޷֧ţڵϣ˹ȥ

ַٴʱѾǵڶˡ
о廹ʲô
һߴػСʿӴߵվЦʵ
ַһ״ִδй泩ЦŻصҸоܺãӦȫָˡ
СʿһЦ˵Ľ̹ٻߣǷҪ֪ͨһأ
ַ룬˵ˣȻԼȥ鷳Ȼرһ£Ҵ·
Сʿ췢ǺǵЦ˵ͷת뿪
Сʿ뿪ַûֱ𴲣Ǳ۾ϵͳռ䡣
ʾϣϢϢֱһԲɡֱϵͳ齱һκʹ󽫿600%ʸһϢʾɣѡ齱һΡ
ַǱʮѾۣʱ̴ɽͷųߡҽ֮ɱʹáߡǼս
ѡ齱ʼ
ַЩγ齱ᣬѡȡ˽Դǰ㿪θ㡣
ָ֣ӷȻ̿ʼתӿٶȡ
Ϊѡ齱ûпֻʮɢɫâʱţϵͳ̿ʼ٣ͣһ·ģĽͼϡ
Ρ鵽΢Ա˹һǷȡ
Ա˹
ַһٴӴ£ܵű߽ãѡȡ
ˡһ£ռһ΢һ뽱ͼʽͬĻеֳַǰڴͬʱַԺҲһݹ΢Ա˹ϡ
΢Ա˹ɶԱˣֱǣA͵ĸԱˣһСʱԶٵˣǧס
B͵ķԱˣģ붯顣
ԼC͵ˡԶ仯̬Χ
ٶȣ20/СʱҪṩԴӦԴӦͺŻˡ
ںߣй΢ͻ˵ԼصܡԱ£ÿһֶпȡߡҵҪҲϡȱַû˵ģħǳȡ
ҪһʱΪ˲ϱˡ
ַ뵽ֻ˵Ϊڴ


8 츳ǿ
һԱ˹սǬַڶγ齱
һǳȡɽַͨȫʮǱ󽱿ٷ֮ٵʸ񣬴ʱѾֱӷŴƷͬС
֪ܲܳ鵽ƴ󽱣ʮ֮һļӦòСɣ
ַ˫۷ŹĿתϷǸƴ󽱣񻹲֪Ǹƴʲôڶ롣
ָָת̿ʼתַ˫۽ת̣ڴ鵽󽱡
˫ѡƴ󽱣һҲãһҪ󽱡ַмĺ
ò˵˵ĶĲԶģֻЩܹǵȥƣһԲòĵʱû˻ֹܱˮ
ת̵ٶȽڵٶպпܳ鵽ƴ󽱵λá
ƴ󽱣ַ¶ϲɫ
ܿʧˣΪָѾָƴ󽱣ȴʱܹȥ
ǧҪͨƷ߿һ㣬ҲԡַϽҪ󡣵תȴģ̵ģʱͣµĿܡ
ַʹ֪컹ϵͳַȻתٶǰһ˿һ˿ָ뿰ָ󽱵λϡ
Σ鵽󽱣ϵͳΪȡȡԶʼ
Ư
ַһǰתѾ㣬ʼ˸ÿ˸һζ任һλã˴֮⣬нͼ궼
Σ鵽ؼһǷȡ
Σ鵽˼һšǷȡ
Σ鵽˾ǿ츳Ƿȡ
˸ֹͣͬʱѡַϲֱѡȫȡ
ΣؼƷֻϵͳʹãǷѧϰ
ַǰֵĽܡ
֣ؼࣩѧСɷɺ
ַԥֱӺѧϰ
ʱһ׹ϵͳתеλ˳ַԺһ˲䣬ַѧŶѧ
Σ˼һţȡƷҪֱʮ׵¶ƽ̹ʱ޷ȡ
ַſǻʲôʽ֣û뵽ȴϵͳʾ
ţơǾʱϵͳܲˡȡǿ
ͬϵͳתģһεĲƴɳֱӳַԺȥ
һ˲䣬ַоԼ·ͻȻˡ
ǵģѡ
ͻȻַ۾ת⣬ǡһ紵ַĸоԼܹ̬
ԭӵȫֿĴСʿĵｻ̸ԼԼȫôͺмڼطͬʱֵһ㡣
һвΪ۾Ǿʶ죬̽Ϣ
ȣַоǰһֱξ֮Уô
ı۾ַʱͷޱͬʱһãȻʮȻĳɹˣҪַ֪ǰΪ˶һãʮӲϵϰȴҲ޷ȻȻҪرоʱ
عַۿǿĽܡ
ǿ츳ࣩԾǿʹʱ仯
ܼܺ򵥣ֻʮַ֡治üͷ
ϵͳ츳Ľ˼򵥣ǷΪϵͳ츳˽Ҳ࣬ϵͳΪ츳֪ʶʮռҪܣ
ַϸ˼ʱõǿ˼άҲʮݣ·ʲô
ҲϵͳԵ򣬻츳ཱ˴Ǵ
ַ۾ͻȻһɴ뵽꣬ǲҲǴ̫׹
Ⱦߺͽ߽һ̶ȺҲӵһЩܵȫΪıǷʲô
ǱʮĴ֮ϵɫâʲôǷһ츳
뵽ֱַȥ̹٣ֱй츳һЩ顣
´·ַ濪ţ߳
ǾӢѧԺеҽԺʩȫ֮⣬ȴҲʮʣͨһȺھͷһĵȴ
ԶַͿһͺ̸ʲô
֣ͬʱŶͺӽܡַ棬һǱͨȫʮѧԱ
Ȼߵǰַ棬˵ַ棬ǾегͬʱҲǾӢѧԺĸԺɹ
ַ΢û뵽егȻֻѧԺһԺûбֳӭɹ֣á
ɹ΢Ц˵ͷڵ֮ǰһСϣƽ񣬲µʱͨһٽڵ弶ߣһߵʱƾһ֮ɱһȾߣǱУһͨȫʮ㡣ţŰ


9 츳ȼ
˻࿴ɹ٩٩̸ַ澲̹һߣżһ䣬̬ȹ
̸ݺܼ򵥣ɹӢѧԺַ淢ַŬԺԱЧ࣬Чᡣ
ݲ࣬ȴ٣ܼ򵥵һⱻȥ˵̸һֱһСʱ
ٷֱʱɹַһµıӣ߷ƿҩ
ǼҩԽĸʶʱʹܹеĸܵޣڽʱͻơƿҩֵǣʣӦÿ԰ͻƵ̹ټ
һУɹ˵һ仰ַЦŴл
ɹϳַ̹һصַļС
ϱˣָߵεģöʮڰɣ
ű𺳣ʮڵıһ弶߶Ҫ׬üַ꣬ųΪһ£û뵽ֱһ
аɣҶװҪ󲻸ߣʣǮҲ˷ѡַν˵
ʵװȷʵ̫УΪϵͳһཱߵв¾ƷƷַȼЩҲԽԽ߼
ַûѡཱܸоЩװȻֵߣǲʺԼģַҲ뿴ЩܹʲôϣʱĹĻȥѡһҲ㹻ˡ
һƽ첻ڼҡַ潫ҩҸطźú󣬻صУ裬Ȼ̸Լɻ
֮ӵԪ׺͵츳һ㶼ޡɱֻһֻ޶ѣȫԪأĴ֮ܣ֪츳Ŀˡ
Ʒ裬˹ĸַʹ֮ɫâ
ַ˵ͷʵǶЩ츳һ츳أ
˵츳Ȼͻõģôÿ˶һġ츳ܶ࣬һɷΪ׶ΣΪֹ츳Ľļʱѵ߼츳Ҳ̤̹ټһҪ츳һղѣһ޷ɽ̹ټĽڼ츳Ϊ츳Ϊĳ׺ͣĳǿֱΪ׺ڡ
м츳Ҫ̤̹ټ֮츳Žʱ䡣һʱ츳ԽʵӰ켫ǿ츳֧λ̹սλ̹λ̹١ҲΪʲô̹ټߴֻζȼԭΪȼʱ򲢲ܴʵһʱڱΪƿڡ
ڸ߼츳˻в豭һڽʣĲˮȫȹ⣬۾˵߼츳ȫģӵи߼츳ȫǽߣÿһһ񡣺绽꣬ɽշУ˺ѿռ䣬ȫǴ˵һλĽҲɱ̹ټߡǸ߼츳ֱ۵ǿ֡Ϊڡ
׺ڣƿڣڣ
ַ澲ЩϢȻûм̹ټ߽ʩչ츳ʱĳ棬УѾһŵʶ
ˡͨȫʮǱӦѾˣò˶þͻд룬ʱԿѡһԺķչһЩͻȻ˵
ַһתʵ֪Щ壿˵壬ʲôرΣ
һ£˵壬ֱңѼң¥ңңҹҡҪսϣΪ⼸սߣԶˣһߣŽ˻
ַ̽ʵ¥¥ҵ˰ɣô̹Ҳ¥ң
ҡͷˣҪ˵ĻӦڻڻģ޷ģ֧ҲС޷ȣϾϽ̫ˡ
ַһɣĵ죬Է֪Լɱǵ˺Ժ󲻹ߵﶼҪԷϮ
֪̹û˵ħǳֶ
˾ַֽתҪĲϣڴܹҪĴ𰸡
ȻǳǿҪԭϣõıл϶ǳĴڣħټĶࡣԭ϶ϡԭϣôЩ󣿡
ַͷûȫ㶫Ҫԭϣ֪ô򵽣
һۣ˵ǲܵģڹڵƷΪϡ٣˽˽ҪõϡԭϣֻԼɼԭѧԺлڻڼԼɼ
񷢲ʱѾ˰ɣûֱȥ𣿡
ַüӢѧԺвͬΪ˷ֹһЩѧԱƴ񲻿ϢѧԺ涨ÿֻһһԽ񡣴ʱʱѾˣһҪٵһ¡
ҲϸϽģ롣ҡͷȻ˵ûϵÿ½ܻСӺܶ࣬ҿ԰ϵһ㶥еһ˽ȥͿˡʱܽӣǶȴԻ˵ġϾʱл˻ҪԱ
Ǿ鷳ˡַһʹþмһ顣
Ȼǽ̹ѧԱݣڽУ̹ٶѧԱЯ󣬸Զ紫ҵʦͽϵһ£ȵ̹ѧԱֿʱ̫ĸ顣
һ󣬾绰ϵַŷһ¡
ַѧԺڲѯһ¹츳ԼϡԭϵϣǿַļҲǿ࣬ܶණһ۾ֱӼ£˼·ҲüΪ
ǿ츳мԾʵʻңƷھţܹӦ˵ľʶֱӶ侫š
ϡпʯǵʣǴӡꡯµʯҲвʯʷѧӦʡ
ϣַԾ츳ϡпʯ˽⣬ͬʱӸоϵͳӦòڵ򣬻ϵͳеƷȫڵ
ΪǰϵͳоƬʱ໹ûЩꡯµʯеԱˡֿƼӦԶ
ģϰһѧ֣Ӧһ½塣ٳʱѾӽ
úһƴַڼһĵ˹˷ûԣһȡ


10 
ڶһ磬ַ汻һỽ𡣲֪ΪΣһһʱ˯ַ˵ǰǽĴ󲿷ʱ䣬Ǻѵõġ
ַ棬ˣ㡣һգŴ۾
ַɢıźһһǣʵʲô˰ô磡
Ҳ֪Щٰ̹ɣǵҫ϶šաء
һҲ㲻̫ЩҲֻƼƼĵʱ˵̫ȷ
Ǻǣͦרҵ֪šաˡ
ַЦŴȤ´·йǼˡ
µȻм̹ټȴÿҲӵһΡ
λ̹Ϻáַ΢Цӭǰȥ˴к
һѹ󣬵һλĶν̹ȿڣֵַͨǱʮ㣬ϢһʱѾȫһȫѪҺǿ츳ߣóսҲвǿ似ͶӦ츳÷ʽֵַܼǣһսնɱпܣѫ
󺺿֣˵ȴҲ仰
ڶλҲͬ˼¥ҵˣ¥Ľ˵£ҲСǷѼԼңԽԼơ
̸ַ֪սе飬ȴԾܾĴ˵Լڻδ̤̹ټ׿ôࡣ
ôѡһأ˵սΣգһЩһǰȫЩһЩĵʵٹַ飬漰ȫ⣬̲ס˳
ַЦŹ˹ıӣ˵Ĵ˵ҪĹɺѣûƵķά֣ȫϵ֮乵ͨԴķ䣬Ǻ˵ʲô͵ʲô˵ͳڻҡ
һƻȻûַЩĻ˺ܴһ͸ٲ˵Ƿˡ
ŵʮ֣绰֪ѾϵһܻСӣһҪ¸ڲַܻԵȴ
ַȻмУҲ춼Ȳˣóûһƣһɼ졣
ڼ䣬ַһλԭҹɫһƫƧ򽫼ȡͷųȥǬһ۾Ϻǰʾľ
󣬼ʱ䵽ַ뿪Уһԭ˼ϡ
ţôǣ
ԶַͿһͷ¥߻߼ߣ˷糾֪ͣ⼸ʲô
٣ַ棬ּˡ
¥ǰкһЦ¶ѩƤСЩ۵ӣԵÿɰࡣ
ַЦ˵ôǰ־ӢҲĵ񣿡
߼ɫЩ죬û˵ǰѽȨ¥
ٺ٣ǲ񰡣Ǹʲô㲻¥ţ˵
ţʲôѶ𣿡ַ΢΢ü֮ǰϲѯڻϣֻⷭϾڿѲӣֹ޻ɱڿԱʾӦûʲôѶȡ
ȻѶˣҲһġ¥һüɫ˵Ҫģõһλֻܶ޵ңõĿ춼ϵɱޣ˯á
ɫһ䣬ҪףΧΪܵʵӰ죬ȼƫߣвӵ츳ĸ߼ޡȻʺСÿܻп޳½޴죬һ޳ܿݻ٣ĽܳȥĶ١
ַüͷ΢壬оԼѯϵʱЩԵģӦö໨ʱ俴ȫһЩ֪ЩȥҲǻ󣬱ϾԱ˵ҪԴЩԴֻͨõ
߼뿪һˣַУַ˵¥սҪػĿȥ
һ·ϣ¥ַ˺ܶೣʶΪΪߵʱַ̫̣ڵ֪ĻЩˡ
СʱַĿĵءN12Χ
λɾڣݺʮꡯҳĴͿӶÿһӶһСԴΪϡԭ϶ǴӿӶеʯϻȡġ
ſмԶһξսͿʼ䣬ַ漸˴սԽҰǰн
ַڳϣĵʵﲻսֱӷɽȥ
Աһ¥СӶԱЦŻش𣺡ǲǲܹдųңսٿϵͳ̱ʱսʧشϵͺÿˡ
ַȻһͬû˽оԼ׼ֲ̫ڡ
档ַֹһ䡣
Ϊ̫࣬ԽҰٶ᲻ַ漸˼ݳһֱ˰СʱϢ
һ۾ѵַ˺ӭȥһֻʽ¥Լҫ£ڶԷɨһ£ʱϵʾ
СӣˣN12һܣʱʼҽǵĽӴԱССʱ仹磬λһ˽һ¿ԺΪҽϢ
ӴԱò˵ȴ˳Ӷȥ


11 ȾԴ
һ·ǰУַ淢ֿڿߣӴԱȫǽߣеЩ档
ûа취ڸȾԴ̫࣬ͨ˽пܱȾԴϮɸȾߡ
ְܾΪַͬʱ߽һӡ
ʯʱٶȲǿĳԵɾ޴ƻγԲεĿӶһʯĦʱȼȥ˴󲿷֣ʱͨѾʣºСһ飬ɵĿӶҲСڡꡯгֵʯȴͬΪ̫ӲʱûС٣ɵĿӶҲ޴ޱȡ
ַ漸˽ĿֱǧףΧȽϴһӣһڼʻɿеʯԶʱһø߱ըҩԿĵҲƣԱȡеʯ顣
ӵɫַͬ漸˴ʱڵĿΪɫɢŴ̱ǵζΧһ˿˿Ϣ˸еůġ
ʯӣ˿ʯ̺һȵʯʿʯпжǱȽϡٵʣʮ󡣡
ǰܣӲɿȡһɫĿʯݸһһۿܡ
ȻЩȣ¶ȴаʮ˰ɡ¥еһ˾ʵ
˵ͷش𣺡һʯ¶ʮ֮䣬Խ¶Խߣھ֮ҾͲ֪ˡ
ֻŰһ󣬽ʯֻȥһӡ
һ·ʮӣ;ַ˼һӻԱҲڽӴԱĽϤȫ߼֮䣬¥󣬼˶ǰкͬʱַͶɻ
û취һ弶߻ȫ߼ߵĶУȷʵ̫ˡ
ͻȻһĲҽзƬ
ô£
ַתͷ򷢳ҽе򣬾ڸո߹һġ
ûʲôӦھȾԴˣڿǺ£ߵԿȾԴϮºܳһʱҪԴϢ
Ľ͵鷢ļʺܸߣڴϰˡ
¥ǼҲǺ⣬ַֻԴЩע
ǹȥɣһûȾԴʶһ¡ַڶУҪܵԼҲַ岻ԸҪԭ򣬳ԼӳַԼһҲԸ˵Ķ顣
Уû
¥ͷӦȻᷴԡ
һǰʱѾͣһȻȾԴϮĽԱ̧С
ַʣȻзΪʲôڿԱ䱸ϣ
Իش𣺡ΪĲҲǴʯģͬϡ٣ռֻٲҽԱ䱸
һһ䣬Ѿ߽˿ģֻһʯƬϣһźɫ״ҡҷһ˿˿壬ƮҡһڿС
ǸȾԴûоɳɷ֣˸ƶϳһĴųȾ˵ľ¿ѧԾ츳ⷽоޣ޷ȷƶǷȷ
¥ΪַǴԱһЩ˽ӴԱҪࡣ
˼ʱΧų΢Ӱ죬Ҳ˶ԾҲһʽֻֽĿƼ޷׽̬ѡ
ַͻȻһץЩʲô뵽˵ףҲҪòԿƼ豸һЩƾĴų
ָȾԴ޺͸Ⱦ˵Ǵ֮޻ȾǰΪ˻ȡЩȾԴ
ŽɢĸȾԴ¥ֲһ䡣
ʱԶһļµӶ޺һƬ
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12 ޳
Զ޳ֽӽˣƸӺƴ󣬿һЩ޵ӣлƽʨ֮ܣ²ǣȻ֮ÿһֶΪǿǿԽΪ޵ĴڣͬӢǸͳһȺȺ޳ƫԶӵڿ߱׷ϣ˺飬Ȼʳ
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ǽеλã״ΪĶʮ˶飬ѪʢȫǸ߼ߡ
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13 
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ҡҡͷûм˵ȥΪ˼Ѿĺȷˡ


14 ʱָӹ
ѹѹȺϢΧס˿϶ڲһŵĽߣǴһսΪޣԲǽսսʿǹְҵȫϢ׼ĸ߶ǹеŻȺɨ䡣
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һ䣬˭ǳħ


15 ɱ
Ϣģʮװÿ˳һСӣʮվһšЩȫƼʢҲߵʵַ棬¥ս⣬аҲ츳һ߼ߣŸ˷ֱһ顣
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˶Ա͵Ϯ˫˫ٴμˣͬʱɱͻһʮ
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ڣһͷ޳ˡ


16 
Ӷܲ·ǱһĿϣһŨĲбϢӣޱߵĺƴѹֵ˴еͼͬʱ˲ɳѪб޻Ϊ˳ĳڵͷ­
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һͷޡ²ǡףѩףֻжͷλһ״ɫߣһ˫ɢ̹˫ɨΧһ۱㷢ְߡ
΢΢һ֣һġٺ١ЦȻಡһ´˳ȥ׾룬һʱͳ嵽˸ǰ

һ߲ҽУӦͱ²һצ˺룬ɺѪҺͳӷɽһءԱͬʱźˣȻûãٶȣǶ²̫ˡ
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17 ҩ
²ǿתٴγַʮ׵ľ˵棬˲ͿԴﵽ
ַڿУ޴Ӱ޷ʩչӭ²ǣԪ֣ǹƵ²ǵϣ˲佫²
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²Ƿ˻Ƶ·èϷһַ棬һδε˻ȥ
ַٲӰʩչ϶ܣżڵη϶֮һȴ˲Ŀ꣬²ǵķӦٶ̫ͬˡ
һӵʱ䣬ַ˵·һ֮áˮʪ͸ǰλøǱץһʮ׵˿ڣƤⷭ׹ճѪⱩ¶⣬ʮˡ
𡭡
һŰ˻ַ棬¥սȫɫһ֮ɫ䡣һͷ޵ˡ
²һ٣תͷͬһ쳤Х
ء
˷ڽʲôţԶб޺
ˣȺˡ
սɫ䣬ԶϢֺ
¥ɴֱ࣬²ǣͬʱûʱˣһϣƴˡ
Ҫ
ַһȣһ˦ɫƷֱˡȵȻȥɱһͷޡ
ʶĽӹɫƷһͬʱ¶ȵı顣
ҩ̫ˣǲҪ¥ü
ˣǶԺٻҡַͷҲأٴȡһƿҩ硯Ľƿǵͷһڹ¶ȥ
һ˲䣬ַֻеԼҪըһ㣬ȷ·ǣ˺ѣƤϵѪˮëͻʮˣڳޱߵʹ࣬ƫƫʱǰУޱȣЩʹС

ַ汩һЪ˹ءһ̤²ǳȥ
ҪйķйҩʱеǱֲ²ıƸо
໣
²ͬ񣬷צչ˸ҫۺâѸֵͷַץȥ

ַұһ죬²ǵצ֮䣬ײƶ޴ַ屻ʮȴûе£һתжȥٴη
²һ£ַܹסһе⣬ȴûаͣЪһֻצ̽˳
ˢˢˢˢ

һʮζԹַһδκй˫۱ýӽۣǿֵסЩ
ٵˣ˼ҩȥɱһͷޡ
սԶҡҷϢ֣ҧ˵
һڹ¼ҩʱұ仯ѪڣƤѪ죬˫ָ߾ս·һѪħȻһȳŴ֮ܳȥ
¥Ҳ󽫼ҩ£ı仯ҪƽĶ࣬仯ֻüĿϼ䣬һ˿˿â˸һٶȱȸղſ˽ӽһ
üҩʹڶʱǱﵽսҩЧûнһʱڣһ̶ͣٳĿꡣ
ȥַı齥仯ӿ񱩱Ϊ侲²ٶһַ֮ٷˡһ޴Ŀӣһ˳֮УǲСĵȥһ
һַǬȡһܸ߶սһBͷˡ
Bͷˣģ³ָòԼ򵥱顣һ֣仯ַӣַһսڣͬʱ´ָBͷվսߣսܵӡ
ɣ㡭Ӳ²ǽ󣬳ӣսġַ桯󣬺ԥȥ
䡭
һ졣ķ޴ը
׶೤ʮ׸ߣҺŴӿеڵϹתԾѾˡ
໡
²Ƿʹһֻ۾Ѫܣһֻ۾ηĿһӿַ߳棬ںˡ
ΪųţսĻ޷ʾӰ죬ַͨж²ǷλģΪźŷʱϸ΢ӳ٣Ա˲ûѾ뱬ըȻȻ²ɱˡַ൱⡣
ҵıը˵ע⣬ûʲôıըַ֧¥սǲ֪Ա˵Ĵڣһŵƣ֪ԽԽáһ˦֣սӭ²ǳȥҩȻѾʹãǾͱͻԼҩЧַ潫ӭսޣп
һַĹ¥ʱӷ񣬺ޱȫʹҲϧ߶£ٴηӳһٶʮ˱ͬʱַһʩչ֣ȻΪ²ֵ̫ķܵСƣķȻʹַ˫ٷһѾǿܹ²ǻԹ
Ҫֲ֪ǵüһּãѨצԼĴĶѧǣܶ෽棬ҲܱΪѧ

ֲʹ²һ򡣵޵ķ̫ǿʹҲ첻̫ص˺ַŭţ񹥻Ҳ֪˶ã˫۶Ѿ룬ڡžһ졣ַһϸȻѡ


18 ں似
ãĴϣǰͺ̵ĳϢ̶֣Ƭʱ䣬־Ѿѷ޷ȫɱˡ
ĵͼ߱ɱΪ޿еѪʳֻһЩļϵľӢ߻ܱһս糱ޣҲֻʱ⡣
ֻЩлһ˿ϣǿԶַ˵սһȺ߼Ľ߳⣬һ·ɨ߼ޣ̶̶ʮӣɱ߼һٶͷڣȺͷ˸ӭֻޡ
޳УµľޣɢѹǹʿĺŽǣȺ޾ģʹǺηһȺܿɢ
ֻǣôɱģ
ַѹԼϼҩǱͻ˽ıԵʱڷ·Ӧһžϸһϸѣ·һ飬ֹֻͣ
²һ£ȻٷӦޣѾ˼ǿ˼ַʱڽĹؼʱڣмʱ޷
ֻõĶ¶˷ܵɣ໡һַ棬ѾʼԵǰɶࡣ
žડϣһĥ̴ʯͷͻȻײ²ǡ
Щ죬²ǻûӦô£ĥ̴ʯͷѾɵǰͻȻըˡ
䡭
һԱ˱ըͬ޴ֻϴB͵ķˣһC͵ˣαװʯӡ
޴ıը˽ַƷɳʮԶַǿֱӱըһڵַ˵ʲô
²ŭˣҲˡһǰȱըϣСȲȻŤţվǣԥŵǷٳȥ
㣬һһʱѡܣڣҲѾˡ
ַ˫ۣһӵϵĻҳ¶һ˿Ц
ֳһ˿ϵͳռ䣬ѡȡȻֱ˻ʵֱӳ²ǣ̧־һִ
ءءء
һʮ²Ǻ޻֮ʮƴλã飬һƬѪӿ
ַոͻ˲һļӳֱͬٷһۺʵַ屶ϡʱԿ²ǣѾռϷ硣
ء
һһͷ޽׳ߡһֻȻ֮
ַüͷ𣬸оȥȽЩɸȾԴɱ⣬޽ԽԽࡣһƽ²ķڵأȡǿذףݺݴĸڡ
һ²ǰһҲ޷
ַûͣһ߲߳Զһֻ߼ȥһߴ󺰵¥ȥסȻ֮ϱǧ֮⣬ֻҪסУҪɡ
Աţͽֳ飬Э¥սֿޣɱˣΪ
֪ˡ
ͬʱӦַʵסǣǲŸķ
ΡؼһǷȡ
ոսϵͳռ䣬ַôһʾʣַѡȡ
ΣؼƷֻϵͳʹãǷѧϰ
ѧϰ
һ׹תλַԺСַ浱оԺжˡ֡ϸϡ
֣ؼࣩѧƷմӵƷͬ˺Ҫ֧š
ȡַϵͳعʵõִĿڵأߵĿУһͷ߼ոȾԴ
֡
ԥַһƸͨӦԷ֣һ״Ƶһ𣬡硯һͷ߼޵ͷϣǿľֱӽԿ飬
áַһϲ似ǿԤϣǿ󣬶ӰΣֻԾ̽飬ⲻºöֳԸ
֪ǲǿ似ʹַͻȻ뵽
ɱһͷ߼ַ֮沢û˿ͣʩչٲٳһĿȥʱѾһͷ߼ߣ뵽ֱͷֵķʽ֡
ˣ
һһĥ̴ӡɳ˲߼޵ϣͷ޺޷֮ı޴ӡѹ±ߣԷ
ַ澫߶ȼУһһȵҹ
һĻˡַľ֪£ǵӡַĶͬһһĽͷ߼޸ȡ
ܹȻںʹá
ַ˷ܣץֻ߼ޣһˤڵϣָʹ
һµ似ӵֵֺ˫ص㣬ӴԺ似ͽС֡ˡ


19 
ַ֣ĹٶȸˣԶһӡȥֱӾܽһͷ߼ɱ޵ٶһӿ˲٣ټٲٶȣַʱһ˶ϸղŵʮˡϾɱ߼ޣֻҪһѡ
ֺķ̫󣬶ҾԶĻ㣬޷ơ
ַ˶Σǿľʮ֣ԶĻͻһ޷͡
´Ԫܸܲȡ
ַһ飬һɱޣʱޣ߼Ѿûκսˡ
աա
䡭
ԶͻȻҵǹڻַתͷȥԽҰڳԼ߿ʻҵڻǹǴϴ⻹սڳǰǰ;һЩֱնɱΪԽҰٵ·
ַСǼ򣬽󣬷սȫǽ̹ټһҫϻһա⳵ȻӦҲǽ̹ټɡ
ޣæ
սǱߣ˿˰֣
ַͨǷ֣֮еһ˳սǱһξ룬Ȼٴתص飬˵һʲô󣬼ͷҲصĳſϢȥ
١ʲô˼˷ŭĴȡ
ýˣЩҵˣ϶ȥģһս˵ĶԱŭȵ
֮侺Ȼңѵʱ򣬺мȵģЩЩֻ֣Ƿֳһ˹˼һҲá
Ƕȥ¥ӳ˼ҩʱЧˣôصĶ˷ѣҪԼƴһѡսͻȻһС
лҪйֻڴܻ֮δ˴ĵزһƴɱпܷΣա
ս˵ֹͣǲû뿪ϴҪԼҲԣǲ뿪ġ
ҹ¥ɱȻ֮ȻңҪȻʱ߶ûнĿ֮꣬ܺȻ֮ͬʱǾΣˡսֵĽͣȴǹȡ
ֵܶĵѣ໰ȴǰǵģͻϮ˼ˣսڻʹ֮Ҫ֮ܣҲһԭɱֻޣΪȥֵܱ
ˣ
Ȼ֮ǱߣͻȻ˴ַ淢ֲԣٳǱ߳ȥ
Ҫˡ
˰ǵסȻ֮
ַܵǰ¥һ޴׵ڣ޾׵ڱŷ˱ߡֻȻܼ֮Ż
֡
ַָ̽ΪһִСӡץȻ֮
ء
Ȼ֮תͷַ棬ȴֱģ˸оξ֮
ַоһγʶ͵һӻþ˳Ȼ֮嵽Լǰ󷽻߼ҲڳԼԼΣա
С
ַߣ츳ǾǿȻ֮츳ͬǾǿַѷһսȴȻ֮ɱȵġ
ӻþлָٴ̽ΪӡһѽȻ֮Ų
ءء
Ȼ֮ƴУͷžþϧַ˷أӰ죬һգǰɡһĲɷ顣
Χ˶ɵˣַĶ̫򵥣Ǹеš
ַҲЩţΪԼȻ֮һþǰѧĴԼȷԼѵġ
ѵ޾ôֶΣַЩ⡣
ȻʵˣȻ֮صֻоǿ֮ľǿҲ֮仯Ϊþȴû̫ڸޡеҽ츳߻츳ߣҪϲܷĻױŰɱ
ҲΪʲôߴﵽ̹ټ󣬴ֻζȼԭΪ츳ԶԽߵӰ̫ˡͬģΪȻ֮Ե㣬¥˲һˡ
Ȱ
һȴַ˼ԶսҲıԵѪڣѪƤת
һ⻹ģ
ַЩĽԼô󾢲Ŵ弶ԷԼ࣬ʹ߼̹ټ֮ĲҲ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪߼߽̹ټһܴĿһٸ߼Уһɽ̹ټͲˡ¥ս֮ô׽һΪ˼ҩãһΪǱҲٶͨع߲Ǳ
ǿ¥ҹȥַΧĽ˵һ䣬Ȼսȥ


20 
һ˿˿ѪսΪһ޴Ѫɫ޼룬һһǽ߽̹ټıҪһ߽ͨʱҪ࣬츳ͬõʱҲͬ
ַٶȷɿ죬֮벢̫ԶֻʮĹ͸еսǰ
һֽ֮ڵأ󡮰ĺϽüʮơַ֮ѾǶʮټֵķɣٷһܼƴﵽһʮǻ˵һʮ֮弶ʱٷʮ⼸ʮȥֱӾͰѴܸ֮ˡ
ܱ֮ϾԷΪسޣͬ£ķҪʮϣȻЩͷΣǲûȫɥʧսҲַ棬һ͵Ľ̹ټ߹һܽ
ַͳǿذף˿ֶǬУ߼ܷ̫֮ǿǿѾ˵ĵ
ߵѪɫ޼ǰӵϼսĶ̱һڴ֮ܵͷϡ۵һߴ֮ڵϣ׻ʡַ˫ո߾ٹͷŴ֮ܵĲݺݿȥ
ꡣ
߼ǿս֮ܵĲ侱۶ˣһűȳֻͷΣڲٶ
ǽߣһͻƽʵϷ弶ʱַԿмܶ൱Ѿǵ֮Ͼֱӽɱ
ȻҲΪַһͻƣѧҲֱȼԭ򣬾ַϸѾǿһͬʱҪǿһһ𣬾ı
ȫɸȾԴ߼Ҳ챻ɾַڿԷһˡ͵սѪɫ޼ԱߣĿ
Ǹʲô
һȴַ档ûֻ۾ͨǹ۲Χʲô
ţЩһôˣ
ַתͷϢһȺڳԼ߸ӵ̹ټߣԼһȺ;ռڵĽᾧвٶԼսһɱ߼ޡ
ַ濴һڽսӭȺ˹ȥԭֻ¼ս˵ĶԱڰæء
Զַָ棬ߵһ̹ٽµСӣҵָӣֱӴ˳֣ҵķؼƻҪǶʮսʿϢķһƣҲܻôˡ
ַüͷûдǶսһʵô£
ɫ죬ߵ˵ƴɱޣ˳ƨûһֱȡᾧҹ棬ǾȻ
ܴ󣬺ܿ˲˹̹ټҲȫˡ
ַ棿ͨǱʮǸˣߣΨһһоεĽ̹ٿڣ߰Ӹµʵ
ַƳһۣһǻشȻʵɱޣδȡᾧ֪ô
ν̹ٱĮмش𣬷˵Ҵš㷢룬ǣԺǡСӡĳԱ֮һ֪ʲôһܾģô
ַЦ˫ֱأɢʵ㡭ûҵҵĶô
ӣӡ
һ䣬һ䣬һһţȫûлشԷ⡣
ν̹ɫˢһºˣһѧԱӣо̫ˡ
ʲô̬ȣ̹⣬ش𶼲شһԽ̹ٵ𾴶û𣿡
һϳӵĽ̹ٿڣַָıֱѵ
ž
ַһѽֳ鵽һߣȵ̹٣˭Ľ̹٣ոǱͷ޲סȣֻǿһ۾뿪ˣǽ̹ô
һ±µƿԡ
ԹǸеľС̫ţˣô̹һһ仰ģ۾ۿ˼һ¡һֱһѽһ̹ٵȷɣǶ಻Ӳ̶ֳȣ
̹٣ȫɫΪҵƽʱһЩ˸ҸǼƽϡû뵽ˡ
ν̹һƽһ·ŭ飬ʵһߣԸԸǡš룬ǡ
𣿡ַһһ٣ֱӿڴĻ
һ£̹ٵɫͬʱˣַһ٣ٶĵִǣǸоܵ˼ӡ
ǵõҪַ棬Ȼִַ˼䣬ȴҲΪ÷ǴʱҲѹֲȥˣһСôӣ˵ܴ衣
ַЩӸ߶ӵΪܹҵһ˿磬Ϣ֮󣬶Ҹû˺øУֱ̹ٺХȴмʩȣַǵ񡣴ʱҪԼȴڳһ߸ϵַʵӦˡ
úúáбҪһ£֪ʲôʦν̹Ц֮ǰӦΥְص֪ǰְͬӦ̡־ܣԶץ㣿
ַЦ׶ԷɣԱʰԼһ㶼սַ˲ǳħԼǬڻԱУԼҲо԰öԷյؽѵ
˫ۣžν̹ٵΥ˭ʲôְأ
ʱȺ߱˳µΥҵǿˣ޳ʱָӿԱֿ޵Ȩ㲻ҵлְء
ַһתָıǾӢѧԺѧԱפԱӵѧԺ겻ȻѧԱΪӢѧԺѧԱߵȨоκ飬ʲôҲң
㡭ʵˣȡ֡
ν̹˵ôʲô鵽˵ģȰץȻصٴ
ץңʲôƾʲôץңַת
ƾʵ
ν̹ٴһͻȻַ֣ץȥ


21 Ű̹
ν̹ͻȻ֣ٶȷɿĳַǰץȥںַ淴һѧԱѣ츳ٸҲܺԼһ̹ȣַ治ܶһץûʹá
ַЦзһ࣬ɶ㿪Էץ֣һ˦
ž
һĸɴƯȻֱڶԷϣȻһ̹ٵĶ⡣
һַͬûûʲôǾΧֹͣˡ
ѧԱ̹ٶ⣿Ȼ̹Щ̫ô˵Ҳǽٰ̹ôܾôȶ⣿
һ˶ܵˣÿ޵ַ档
С˭ôôţƣ̹ټǿ߶Ҵ򣿡
ַ㶼֪⼸촫ķзģʷϵڶͨȫʮǱţļʱɱ߼޴֮ܡ
ԭˣֲøҸ̹ٽа壬µ񣬼ʹţһٽѵҲٲ˵ġ
Χ۷׷ףǲǶҵμӻѧԱȻûַҲۼ䶼ҡ
ǿַЩˣȻҲЩ̹ٲ˳ۣǽ̹ٱϾǽ̹٣ʵַһ弶ߵݣȻȽ̹ټߵĶ⣬ΪȷʵЩ̫ǡ
ʱ˸ַһͻϮɱ߼޵Щ⣬˻֪ѾߣǾ֪ҲΪս̹ٵʵϾ̹ѧԱ֮ʵ̫ˡ
ֻڸո޳ϮʱϾעַˣۿַ޵սַ֪ӵжɱ޵ʵʱվﲻſЩ̹ٵЦ
ν̹ٱһˣ˺þòŻعɫ
Ҫɱ㣬ȥ
ŭˣֱһȭַۣȻȭͷ͸˿˿档
ǽ̹ټǿ߲ӵеԪƿأǻԪ׺͵ĸһ֣츳ںϣʹʱ仯ӵһЩ
治ͨĻ棬Ҫʮַ滹кüףֲѾɡַ滹ǵһⲻ£һȭ䵽ǰأ·˲ȼ𣬡ıΪɻңǰܵˣһƬʹ
ӳɡ
ӳɱ
ԱĿǲɱӢѧԺѧԱ
Ҫһ㱻ҲҪɱѽͷ֮ޡ
ν̹ٷˣ̹ٵֱӶַɱ֡ȭ磬棬ÿһȭһƬȼգþͿԶַ˺
˲ȼн̹ٺ֮ͨǲһ޴ĺ蹵ַȻǿٲɲռϷ磬ؼǶԷĻȭ˺̫ǿַ治ұմϡ
֡
ַʩչӰ˿һξһ͵ν̹١޴ӡڻ淭ڵĿֳģ״·һŷҪԷѹ
ʲô
˶𾪣ûЩţҪöࡣ
ν̹Ҳû뵽ֶַֹΣ㲻һȭǰӡȥ

ӡȭ飬Ϊһ磬ɢܡν̹ٱķɣڿлһߣȻһڵء
޴ĳڵϽȦͻȻһͦվȻûܵʲô˺
ЦʵҵһƤ˲ƾʲôӮҡ
ַüٴһĳֵٶ̫죬ӰΣǾӦ޷׽ķλ
ӡ·ڵһײھν̹ٵϣһνײɳȥһ¾νֱ̹ɳʮԶŵ
ȻٴʱɸûһȸղŵķӦɣȫûܵӦе˺
Ǿν̹٣ϴĿ϶Ǿװнܹ˺ãͨϾװӳ˺ʮ֮һ
սһѷ⣬Ŷַѡ
ûǾװĹǿ˵ҲˣжӦװƿؼ츳ӮҡЦôֱֱַܡ
ַЦֻգԿԵĹؽڴ졣ʮ֮һ˭˵ʮ֮һ˺ʹˣ
ϣͻȻҵһȭβ֣֣ںֵص㣬ֻԷһЩѵû뵽棬ʱַѾһʮҪһķԷ
䡭
꣬ꡯ
һͷѵν̹ٴαɳȥһûڵϣ鴤
ַһʮ£޴֮ܶΣοҪ֪֮ΪޣԪƿر֮װķҪǿⶼַķˣοһ̹ټߡ
ν̹ڵϺߺʵûļӾͱַ漸ķˣͷ˲֪ٸҪ֪ǶԸ֮ܵԸ࣬Ҫˡ
Թ۵Ľ̹ɵۣڵŶӳԼ˺þòŷأһȫ˹ȥ
ӳôˣ
ӳû°ɣ
ϻؼָ
һ̹ٸϽսȡһɫܣžν̹ٲϵѪ˽ȥ


22 ˳
ؼָЧǿģܸȥν̹پ˷Ӧߺ˼󣬷۾ԱһѵĹͷԭλƣֹһȻܹվжˡ
Сӵʽ̫ˣţһƿؼ츳󡣶ӳ㿴ոܸӳעؼָĽ̹ٿ˵дѯʡ
ν̹ҧҧѽݺݵôһǷʲô״̬ҩ˵ѧԺԺȥʱƿҩҲոշҲ˵
ЩȻΪ̹٣ҩֶȴĵģЩ߹˼ҩ
ǲǵһ᣿ҩʱޣҩЧ״̬ҲȻԼ͵ˡǸ̹˵
ν̹룬ҡͷ˵Уǲ֪ҩĳʱǶ٣ǱڽԪعһ츳룬һѪҺ޼룬Եˣֻ¥ҺҵĵϵǽɹҪǹǵĻŵˣҲüˡ
ô죿ô뿪ʵǲġҧгݵ˵
һϣȻЩˣǽѾˣҲںඪһЩˣСӽܵͷʹɱҲҪŪʹѵ
ν̹¶ģһ֣̹ҲݣȺַ档
ַת䣬ѾɱһѾȡ˳ͬʱһ
һɤӵȻǺŪ˵ģַڶԸ²ǵʱѾBͷóԼģֻ˿ģ˵Ķ˵ͷʽԷֱ档һʱ代Χȫһ㶡
ڣν̹ٵҪַ֣ҲһãԼǹֳȥͬʱҲֱˡ
ַ桯ȽӴǾν̹Ǳߡ
ʲôһ۷ѡơν̹ʵǿվλҲǰַʩչ𾪵ͬʱġһȭСַ桯ֱӽַ桯ĸ򴩡
ν̹һϲûȽȭַڰγͿǰġַ桯ͻȻһЦ
䡫
ν̹ٱֱӺ죬ϵľװֱӱը˷飬ѪģҲ֪˶ٸͷұ۴ڡַ桯УܵըӰ󣬴ʱѾȫûӰ
ҿͷۻסԴûװͷִܵġˣҲԷˣұۻΪɻңи߼ָҩҲ޷ָȥ
ӳ

䡫
һԱһΪоν̹ٵǰ֮ս̹ȫһʱܿˡˣҲܵСĴˣϾûоװֻǱըನܴ
뼸ٶ״ǹףһռһλڷǰַʩչٲӰһӰܣͬʱٽӽ
ַӰʹƵ˲٣ƶҲԶ࣬ٶҲǰˡȻ˲ƣΪٶȣֻͬ޷ַƶģ߳ĽߣҲֻܿһģӰѡ
̫ˣո׼û۶˵λþͱˡ
ǹֶͷð亹۾ķӦ϶Էƶٶȣ˵ȥ˭ţʵƭˡǸ޷׼ַ棬˵ˣֻһͨͼܹС
̹ٶˣЩսѧԱǾ͸˵ˣֻһӰǹеһˡ
ڡ
ǹֽ̹ٱַ嵽ǰһڵϣͷϡ
ͬʱӰλһ䣬ֳһǹֽ̹ٳȥ
ҡ
ǹֽ̹Ļǹʣµս̹ȥϧûܼͱַϣһϣιȥ
ʣսûս⣬ʵ˼ҲȲϾν̹һˣν̹ٶ򲻹ַ棬Ǿ͸ûˡ
ֿӡȣתӡ
ַ沢żȡA͸ٻˣ׷Ŀ꣬۾һ仯Ħг״ȥ
ָٻЧپǧףֻҪǧ׾ڣܱߴʲôλãٻ˶仯Ӧ̬٣߳һСʱʱޣ½նû֮ء
ַԼ׷ǸȻǽ̹ټǱַٲٶȻһЩܿ챻ַ׷ϡ
ַһҪĳͻȻͷ˻ȵ浱㣬߲˿֡
츳ͣ˫ִʱ·𻯳ߣһַ˫ϡ
һ仯ɿ죬Ҫһʵ൱пܱˣַȴںʩչ֣һѿס˫ֵĵѨЧã˫۷·һòһԭߵ˫Ҳָ˳̬
ַ˫ץֱۣһ̤ǰֽͬʱһһһ¾Ȼ˫۳Ĺս亹ֱð
ҲһߣƾʲôɱңʹС
ȼԶʲô似ս飬ȫңƾʲôҶԿ
ַһŭȣ˦һĳֱӽȷɡ
ʱԶҵıըתͷϡԿѪˮա


23 ع
սˣĸٻ˲ûȫը̹ٵϣַһξ뽫ңϾͬΪߣĿ֮£ַ治ΪЩɡȻЩҪַ֪ν̹ٵһλ򹥻⼸̹սȫأûоɱ֡
˵жȱΪɶԽڶԼ̫ǿ̹ټȻȨͨ߶ַ࣬ΪѧԺǱѧԱ֮һɱɱġ
ͬģ̹ڹеĵλҲǼߵģַҪɱ⼸̹٣Ҫܵĳͷһ̫С
̹Ǳ̧뿪ģβ͸ںߣʱһƢҲˣҴһڣַȥҲһ١ʵַûа¹
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ʱȻܵ¥Ĺģҡͷ˵ɱ¾ǰҿ˵ΪȣòǹڣѾҪһƽ͵


24 
¥սȫʮˣŰ磬ǴСܵľӢоܹΪߣܹΪɱ޾ҫǲַ顣
ֻǵַһƣӺҲ˵ʲôÿ˶Լ·Ȩ棬ֻΪַоϧ
صУѧԺ񣬻ȡ㡣
ַ棬ɷˣͨʮǱϵһ٣һٱ㽱һλǧ㽱̫Ľˡ¥Сȭͷ˷ܵ˵ʵٲμѧԺõҲûʲôˣ㻻ȡװɣҺսҲҪŶһ𡣡
ַͷðȻҲ˷ѡ
Իȡװһ㶼ѧԱ̹ټŻ룬ûáϾֻ㣬װԻǮ
װȡѧԺװ⡣װ򲻵Ķַ淢һЩװƷעӢۼʵӢۼʲôȼԽ߼ǿװ
սͷصûӢۼװҲԽװԪƿ츳ʹãӦԵװ츳
˵ţߵһװСսǰһץ˵ߣЦҲһЩӢװûԣǵĹͷȴҪװǿܶ࣬ѸӣʺЩ͵սʿˣװҲӢۼǴǿװ
ַͷ˽Ӣۼװĸת˰죬װȫҲûзһϵװ
Ӿϵ츳װϡٰͻһߴװɡս顣
ַ룬Ҳֻˡ
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һŲȵףӰܳˡһǰ·ͷȥ
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긾Ůվַ߲Զۡ
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һƴӳַ棬϶ʱ¶ĵı飬첽ǰȥ
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ɹгۼңҲμһ߼Ҿ켯ᣬΪǲμӻȥĽ߼ļ裬˭֪տʼۼұըϢгԴһ۲ġһСĽ͵
ַͷ֪ȥЩԱ඼һߣ̫ԣæ֯ļһΪ˾ȼЩߵļһҲ˱̬ôҶΪǵĽɷȥͲٹǵ
μʱϵȷʵЩˡ
ַĴźһƵĺ󱳣οͬʱĿתɹķ
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гɹͦŸơƶ߹ϴǸ⣬˼˵ܱǸλܾˡȥѾˣַҲ֪зֶ¼̫ˣҲڷֽڹٳûܵʵ˺㿴ôǲҸط̸һ²⣬ģ⡣
һƣȵȥɣ̴󣬿˶岻áַûлشɹĻǶԺһ˵
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ַɹȺϡٵĵطһ·תͷʱѾһ飬гµô£
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ַЦԣȻ֪ըҼңҲȥץ𣿡
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ɹɫԱһ£Щѿ
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СһӢ˼룬ջڽƴٱвÿ޳дȴʼղɳ̹ټػ̹ټô𣿡
ʤ̭ЩƷȥʣµսͻơҪɵĽɣȻ֪ǵΪʲôҪҪַӿߵĽٶȣһԿ϶ǾǺҪ̹١˵սҪ̹ټսʿ˵ûɣ
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ãȻսҾսַͻȻһڴӦһһ֮ǰҪȷһƲܵκ˺⣬һҪǰһˡ
ԣʲôˣɹʡ
ַſڣͻȻԥˡѾʮ󣬶ԼҲѾһַ棬ҵˣôǸܵأ
ɹⲻĿú̾ˣԺ˵ɡ
ɹ˵ͷûʲôѾˣԼĿҲﵽˣǷŵͷʱˣЦǺǵ˵Ȼûбˣô͸һ߰ɣҴȥһط
ַͷɹ߳쳵ȥ
Ҳʲôطɹɻʵ
ʲôطǽ̹סĵط˵ͨսĵطַĻش
ǺǣǾ츳ߣ˼άȻȳݵĶࡣɹ˸ߵʻλ˽ȥȻ˾˵ؼҡ


25 һƣ
̹پסĵطճǣԶԶȥ·һɽϡֹʽĽлҷݴ̸̣Ϫ飬˵Сڻˣɫˡ
Ϊ̹ټΨһסأճǵķΪǿȫԵֵʮλ̹ȫһСʱ顣
ͬʱ߸ʩһӦȫȫܡÿ̹׾춼һؼ㻤չˣӵѧϰȫͬȻЩ㻤ȫŮԡ
ַ棬һƻɹ˴ս£Ⱥʾ֤̤еĳСɹǰһһ߸ַͺһƽܡ
ճǷһǼкĺÿĶȫҵûУҲҪǸŪһͷСһطҾͲˡһȽҪǡ
һ٣ָһű˵ˡԺĻ͵õطˣΪճǲֻлĹ̹ס̹ٵļͬҲסΪֹһЩìܷر涨н̹ٶ޷ҾסֻԼͷ
ҪŮ̹ٵļأַʡ
ô̹٣ıðɣһҲͬʱڡ
ɹǺһЦŮٰ̹һ㶼нߣܽЩϳ궼ǿŵġ
ַ汧źһƣǻֵ˵İɣһ쿴Ҿͻܡᾭġ
һһ죬û
ַϸ˽ճǵһЩϣе⣬ϾΪ̹ٵļҾ׼ĵطַΪݸ߶ǰסĽûмҲȽ̹ǵݲԶڸķǶȫ档
١ʲôʱСѶˣҿŶߣţǻ̫ˣҲܵǽﵱʲôطˣ
һǻ˵ַַ˻ͷһһԼ˵߾ǸƤڵꡣ
һǰһԴˣɹһûҫ£һӸλơ
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Ǻǣװûôòɽֻʵʵ㶮𣿡Цҵλѧǽ̹٣ϲұ΢Ϊʲôǰ˵أ
һֱû˵İ꿪ڣĻﳰǰǿɲǻ˲عأûʵСһҲܴѵ˵ǽ׼ֻɫμȫԻ𣿡
ȫЦ̬šΧ£ʱʮ˵ȫԸҵĲ̹ͬ١
һЩŵַĸ첲ֲ֪Щ
ַȻо˺һƵĶ֪һǷŭһǵģᱻǰ۸΢պһƵ֣обҪԺһסⱻ˳Ц߹
ɨһΧַͻȻʵӬ᲻ʲô鷳
ɹһ㶣ʶַ˵ʲôЦŵڹʲô鷳ֻӬܴˣ˿ԡ
ַǾͺãҿŵǸ϶ȥһСһû⣿
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ַĺһƵ֣һЩȻ˵ķȥɹߣֻҪַһ֣϶ٶȵסᡣ
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Χֵ۷׷ס˿ַ棬޿֡˾òΣ߶޷̹ᲢۣȻᱻŰĺܲҡ
ѵǰĹշѵߵݽȫԳȴǵһͨسˣĳóۡ
û˵ĽֳһţͬͨʮǱļʱɱ߼ޣпܾˡ
Χ˵Ӱˣǵɫͬʱ
Ȼսǲ֪ߵغҪúýѵѵ˵ǴȺأ첲أɭԭС·һ
˵ȫáЦ˵γһ̽
Ȼţһս״̬ܿҲ˵Ĺֳһţļʱܶɱ߼ޣͨǱȫʮ㡣ȻȷǸоǰ˺пܾš
ţҲֻߣ̹ټǿ߲һ߶Ըˡ
ǺûУ¸ûꡣ
ַ߱˵ֻ໥գؽĦ
ȻȲǾͳȫ㡣Ѿ͵һޣԭʱǿ׳ţ̧ȭһȭַ海ȥѹˡ
˺츳ߣȻȲսѪҺǿ츳ǶҲǼģʱһȭǺΧȫɫ
ͬʱֳִ̽İҲһֱںӴĺߣǷԪƿ츳ϰڶٶȷɿûκ۽ַ棬д̽ʣʱ׼̳
Ҳ֪ٱߣ൱Ĭ˭׶˵һȻϧַ档
ָ߾٣ͬʱһ޴ӡַǰ·һѾ޴ȣݺһȡ
ۡۡ
̹ټ߷·ߵķݣһ±ķɳȥڿлʮײصĵڵأ
˶ɵˡһ̹ټֱ̫ˡ


26 ȫԿʼ
΢㡣ճرĻϵͳʱе̬ʼոеʡ
ڡס˶ʮ죬ַǰӽһζȼ٣¶ȼ١һξ
ڻٽַҪսȡսʸ񡪡ͨȫȫʼӡ
ǰϵͳٴη񣬸ַԤƵһһͨȫȡǰʮͨΣǴ󽫿ʸԽߣ󽫿Խ
ַһֱ룬Լ񣬻겻ôΣϧһֱûᡣ
տʼʱΪܸõ棬ҪϵͳΪʵڣͬµĿ꣬ҪϵͳΪʵԺ󡭡ַ뵽սҡҡͷ
⣬һγͣѾСʱַ濴˿ʱ䣬ͷںһƺСһڣתţ
ʻ롮һվ⣬Զȥַ棬˫ȭ
ַ棬һҪƽ
ʱѾвģŷˣǰͬˣֱռһλ
ַһۿɹ⣬߻в½̹٣¥սȻڡ˶̸ȫйصĻ⡣
ȫֱΪľĴÿѡʮ½̹ٲμһһٶʮˣջĲһ룬һҲֻʮȥսνҵ㡣
˵ڶʮǰûȫĴһźϲһġһض˳ͨĴһѶȺֹ
ûҲˣԲ޶ÿһֻܳʮˣʮȫǸ½̹ǿģĻҲܸһЩ
һһַһ·õϢܶɹûеġ
¥ַ浽㼸仰Ӧһڨ߼ַߣЦַ档һΪ㲻أ㲻˵ȥսôﻹ
ǰַ棬ҸղŻ룬ֲʵǿľߣһؿ϶ޱȣû뵽ֶһսϣãˡսҲԱ߰ǻЦǺǵ
ַһЦȭ˵ֲֻһֻҪгǲͲˡ
ͬʱĴЦԱһ䴫
ߡôĿҲƳԼＸھﶼ֪Լôġ
ַתͷ˵ݻˣǸԼûĿꡣսԵͣƣĸ磬ʵǿǸ֡
ַͷסƵӣǶҪԸ޺͸ȾߣҪʱ̷ͬİ
ӽ磬˶Ѿ룬һԱĴĴ˽еһȷһԱŴҴȥ
һһµ˳ġԱߣһ׿׵ľ޴ʯšԱվȺǰȣ˰
ֹͣ˵
¿ź󣬴Ұŷˣǰͬˣĵ˳ͨšڼ䲻׼ٶҪ졣ûУ
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ԱҲ⣬תź˹ϣˡ
Ϊϵĺ˵ͷһְֻԱߵʯϡֻʯͻȻһâһɫĻʯȫ֡ϵĶͷ˲䲼ϸܵĺ顣
㣬㣬ŷȽ㡣
Աȣŷ˴ԱͬڴߴټԱǰͬں߽ڣֻʣ»һʮˡ
ˣߡɹһȣķʮͬʱȺ󴩹ʯϵĺɫĻ
ʱǷ֧Ųסֱͦͦȥ
ַۣΧããһƬͻȻһǿַ֣ӶݵʧظѳǰѾһƬԭ
ٹ۲ܣַ淢ԼѾһƬأĿ֮ޱߣΧȴֻԼһ˴ڣܿտ
εΡεΡ
ҫ·ʾַϱһʱһĻַǰʾһЩϡ
ߣַ档
ѽȫԡ
һƽԭ
һɱʮͷޡȡᾧ
Ѱʥлȡ֤ͨעʥλƽԭλã֤ͨޣڿռ䴫ţһ
ͨ0/100


27 
ѪˮƤһӴʬڵϣһֻʨᣬԭϵİ֮һޡϧ챻ɱ
ʬֻи´ǰһնɺһء
һſۣͷߵŮվԣḩӣָܷܷӺ̽ɵļһʳϸɾ󣬷Žĺɫ
һɫֻһֻда¶⣬ӶڵҪǿɵĺûнǰ𳹵ڸǣֱܷŮ
ƽԭޱߣһٶʮ߷һͬĿĵأҪ沢ס
ÿһ߼ڹ¾ܶһѪݣ޵£μĽͳʬԭϡȻҲмĽ߱ȺΧɱΪ޿Ѫʳ
ַǬȡʾǰĻʾλãŷԼѾ˷ޡ
Թԣ⴫žȻܴôԶ
ַľҪ֪ճǵλþڻϺϿգʮǧû뵽һ˲ͱ͹
ƶٶȺܿ죬ôԶľһʱҲִܵַ沢żҲٲôƾ˫ڲԭϱܡµ΢ߴַı۾
ͻȻַɫһ䣬ͣ½Ų۾Ѫ
һ紵ѪζŨңַԥƬ̣ǾȥлգֵþȵĻ;һ¡
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ƽԭϣ˵ԿԶ߸ˣַ汼һξ룬ԶͿԶݵһڴȥʨʰȡ
ַڻĹ½̹֮пһ£ߣʮۡȻʱһ˶һԣû˽Ӵַ滹ڽ봫ʱΨһһԼ봫ŵˡ
Ȼϳǻˣַǰкٶȣǰȥ
ˣַ棬һǻĹģ֪ûӡ󡣡
û˵ֻתߣֻڵߺߣַ档
ַüоԷԸԼӴЦЦˣȻʶǾټˡ
˵꣬ҲȶԷӦֱƿ·Զȥ
һᣬƽѾʧȥַӰŮӲ˷Ӧһӷ·ãΪһӰַʧķ׷ȥٶȾַʩչٲҪ֡

Ĳԭɫԭ̬ƽԭ϶ʮֺҪ֪꽵ʱص㣬ܶжһЩײοƬȳҪƽԭˡ
ǰַͷϿյģͨƽԭľһַ࣬׵ĴзλƽԭλõʥԼֲƽԭصޡ
̫ˡַֻпΪ֣ԽӽʥλãԽ࣬нӽƽԭĵ򣬸гȺӵ޳֡
֪ûֱӴ͵޶ҪǸոճ־ͱһȺΧǲĺܲңַü뵽תַ뷨ΪⲻĴһξȫûôԵ©ϾΪѡθ˲ţĿΪսԱΪ˿ɱῡܡ
ʵϣȷʵн߱͵ԣһ۾ͱȽսȴû˱ȺΪŵĴ͵ص㱾ƽԭܣϡ٣һһȺ
ַͨǹ۲죬ּӽߣھôʱѾвҵͨʥĵ·սӴһ𡣺ʣڶޣЩȫѡʱԺҲӲͬԱϡ
üӿٶˡַȻûʱ䣬ȴͨһٶʮˣֻһٸվȨпҪƾʥʱȺַ治ҵݼǵʾҳһϡٵ·ʼǰ
໣࣬ҽҵأΪζʳ
һͷ¹޳ַ֣ǰŰ˻ֱַȳһ׵¹һĽǶȣɢһɫâ
ַ׼Ҫɱʮͷ޲ռⱾѰģǵĹ۲ʹڶ࣬Ҳ淢ټ
ӰһַѾ¹޵һ࣬ӳĸ
Ǵ󲿷޵ڣûйʹı൱ַһȫͬʱ㻻ȡӢۼװҲãַǿĳתΪƵ𶯣һͻ޵ķ촷ۡ
໡һʹУ¹ҡ˼ղʵĵ¡վЩʳҰ޽ȱսľ飬ҽҲվӲӦеս
ַǰȡǿذףȥڣȡͣƽԭλøȥ


28 ʥ
2013󣬲һʱڣͽ޴죬ʼֱֵ֮࣬һԽ̹ټĽߺ󣬲ŵһȫռ޴ս
·һ赲޵ĽǷ·ֻܽˡȻиѧһĽͣǾ޿ᾧᾧܳܵǵĽ̶ȡô˵Ϊֹ߼ĴڣҲֻޣ࣬˶Ĵڣȫת˾ƣٴƿ硣
޵ĴڣһأΪӵоۺ쵼ͽ޵˼вһ⵽ߴϴ̹ټڽǿߵĴ£ȫԣרɱޡҲȫԵǰ
2021꣬Ҳ꽵ٵİһֱ2023꣬ʱ䣬֣֮ȫɱֱսĳ֡
һηĴڣȻִַĲľϲǼ޴ѹ
ԽĿƼȵǿǿȣȵǧٱ˿ڻҪǣ壬ֹһ
еѹرǵһЩ򣬾屻ū۵ʱǵиǸе޴Ļ̿֡ԣǿʼһϧþĽˮƽٶȡ
ַĲӹɱգҫµ޳ȫڰеأڵȫԣҲľһĿģǾǼǿߡƴ
Ĵؾۺ˼ޣרŸ½Ľ̹ټʹáҲΪʲôطٿ޳ֵԭ
ʱĴ֮һƽԭϣһٶʮÿ˼ԡһѪԼģɱ޵ģǶ½̹еٮٮߣӵеɱ޵ȻǰٶЩȻвͨȺķһЩϡٵɱ˽ȥѾʥ
ַվһʮ׶೤ĺɫʬԣĿǰѾԿʥӰˣǬУռʮϵᾧʱԽʥ
ȴûվԭأ΢΢ü˼ʲô
ƽԭȻڶ࣬Щ̹ٵʵһͨ㲻þأûʲôЧ˿һ񣬵ڶȡ֤ͨ
ַ氵ƲţȫݣǾԱܵģڽ֮ǰûеõκѣһֻܿԼ
ɻַ㲻Žʥ̤ھʥԶĵطϥ£ͨǹۿΧһٸͨַ沢һʱ
ڵ̬΢ȻһЩεԭ򣬲òμȫԣһҪȥսǰƴΪǰΪԼΪ˺һƣΪܹĸһЩԸΪ˸ŬƴڣַֻһͨȻҲҪɣΪ˶ð̫ա
ʱжȹɫҲѾ
ַĬŽʥѾʮˣټһЩַ֮ǰеԱѾﵽʮңȻַеǣôʱҫʾһͨ߶ûг֡
Ӧðѵʮˣһûеõ֤ͨ
ַЩɻͻȻҫСεΡεΡ˺üϽ¹Ļʾͨڷ˱仯
ͨ5/100
ͨ6/100
ͨ7/100
ҫһͨҲʾ߸ˣ߸˾Ȼͬʱͨسɹ
ַһ˼ܿԭӦ߸һ˶飬ͬѰֱ֤ͨ߸ȫ֮һʹ֤ͨһ
Ҫ߸ӣҪôʱܴչ֤֤ͨͨܲ׵õءַϴЦȴʮֵľ
ܹʥҵһ֤ͨˣȻߣȻЩˣھ˽СʱʱŻ֤ͨл֪ûԱɼʥһ׽ĵط
ˣַ治ܲսˣû塣ӵվַɵ˸ʥȥ

ӵĴţйŴķζʥһ޴ĽãȻҲпﱾǸãȻôᱻΪʥ
߽ţһĴûдֻдһյɢȻĵɢŲԣĹâҲǹâǴ̫ߵԭȫʯݾ͵Ľʮף߿ʱѾþ޴Уһѹֵĸол谵ĵƹ⣬Щܡ
жʮǵȴֳĸ򣬰ַ֣ոս룬лһﺰԼ
ַ棬
УһЩŸ۾곯ַ淢롣
ַĴѴȫʷϵڶͨǱʮѧԱڻֵס޳һ˵̹ټ߲ʤһӵоεĽ̹١ѳΪŵĴʡ
ַûоܾԷ󣬻һѾˣ۾˵Щ˻Ѱ֤ͨ
ߵ̫ǿˣʵʮģ죬ǵϵ֡еһ˵ѣǺߣϢԴǰڲ˻ĻԱһڿഫ
۾ſڣˣҪһߵ˱ţǹ˵ΪڿܻҪŶЭʱԼҵ˱Ƚϡʣĸһ룬̫Σˡ
ʱŴ˽ˣҲһˣһӣˡ
۾꿴ˣ۾һ٣ǻĵˣƣ


29 ۼ
ַ۾ĺ˫üһЩĳʥڴȥ
ߴʵʯʾ£ӰսһǹְҵӵУǰһĸơ
Ҳ⡣кĿȴתַ档Ƭֻ̣Цһûᡣ
۾ǺЦǰû뵽㣬ʵӦͽڲ˰ɣ
ƽһͬеˣ˵ϵ˼ѣЩܾʥΪأֻɱô򵥣пܻȡ֤ͨĹ̲̫ףҼһȥȽϰȫϾŵһضѣûҪðա
ͷ°ָָͨڲҪ˵أʵǿǰ˳ͳϢۺʵԼͨ޵ʮңҲǵϴڵ֡ҪСġ
Ҫ̸ӵģϧѾγɶ飬Ӧñʶ̫ټˣǱҲû˵ֻǽԼ֪һЩȫһߡ
ллѣһˡƵͷлһͬȥ
½˽Ҳɶ飬ʼڽַڵ˽ӽʮӺٴεȵһķ̹١ھһ̸˺Ȼļ뵽ַ˵Ķ顣
ʱѾˣʣµҲ̫࣬ͨޣǲٵˡ
һܲһʱ˵ʱҫͨѾʾΪʮˣ̶ʮڣһ֤ͨһء
ַͨǿԿʥ֮Ľ̹ѾʮˣȷʵѾҪˡ
Ǿ߰ɣҲûмˡ
۾ѯһַ˵Ȼַһˣ˶Ϊ
ͨڲȣÿռһһ룬ֱӦͨͬͨеĹȻ㣬ԵЩ谵·Ӫգ˸еЩ
ܸͨߣܿȴԼ׺ַ˵ǰֵһޣ˵ʬ塣
һյأ󡢿տ·һڴ߷ֱͨȣһһȴţűʥſڵСһ㣬Ͽ̻ӵĻƣЩأʱѾ򿪡
Žǵλϣһ̲ѪһֱյСȻսܵˣջɱޡȻ⻹ܽ޵Ļ
ӴԼʮףģ·Գﵹַ漸˽£Ѫˮ·һݺȪؿڵλɢ̱ǵѪζ˫飬ؿڴˣϻʮ˺ַۣжϣʮ˺۷ֱǱֱˣҲ˵Χˡ
߿¡ַͻȻڣȻֱӳȿ̻ŹӻƵĴȥ
ַϸ۲죬̲סʵôʲô𣿡
ַڴ۲һ˵Χɱ޵СӦˣһԸǵľ飬ڲխʺΧӦͷʵеΧɱͷӦٶȺܿ죬ŴѪŸմ򿪵ʱ򣬱ѾܵϮˡķǿǻޣķλΪ͵Ϯ֮»Ϲһֻ۾ף˻Ϲֻ۾Щ˵ͨˡ
ַĽʱе˶оЩ˼飬û뵽ֻǿһսۼܷô⡣
Ҫǣ֤ͨӦþڣǸطַָָڣһ·ʯһĴڣϱзŹĺۼ
ٴǰУһ·ƵսֳӦöǰɵɱеҲͬΨһĹͬӦþͬʮ־޴
ͬʱͨķֲҲԽԽַ࣬Ѿ֪ٴѡ񣬴ʱǰԭ·߻ȥʮѡ
һ·ʮദսۼûз޵ʵǿǻǵĳܷΧ֮ڡЦ˵Ѿ˶ʮӣʮദսĺۼѾտʼˡ
ַֻüΪڸոյսۼз֣ܿѾвμĽ̹ˣֻʬ屻˶ѡ
ǰһտسֻ֣βûսۼĴڣһжĳš
ôûзսɻʡʮͬľ󣬼˵Ѿγɹ˼ά϶ÿضս
ַֻһʱ䷢⣬һյĿӻƵʯʴţ˵Ϊս


30 ɫԳ
޴ʯϣŵĹַ֣淢ֹֺеķֻ֣ǸӵҲǿ߽֣ܹ׵ĸ̺ܵЩȣҲЩꡣ
վڸ߶ʮ׵ǰһʱ˭û˵ΪҪսһԼûͣٶЩš
˭ţΪ÷˿һˣѯʡ
һ仰ƳĬ˶ʱʼŵ˽һ޵ϮڶĿ˽ⲻ£ΣԼ˭Ըе
Ҿڻۿŵʱ򡣡
ַͻȻڣҶΪʱĶ飬֮ǰûйϡһУ޷нֹͳһжʵ޷ȫӣụ⡣ΪǰҪѡһӳͬʱƶһʺ϶ԱսƻܽʽС
ǰתˣ˵λϴҾҪһǰδĿֲޣʵͨҪǿʮҶǵû˿ԵԿҪɱȡ֤ͨǱ
һͣ٣ַʵҶţϱȲڸղĹУսۼķҲЩ߱ģոմҲԼַľǿ츳Թ۲ͷҲָߡҽ飬ַ֯ⳡսΣ
ûпǶãȱʾͬȽʥļˣľʶͬĿַЩĿ۾ľһۣû˵ʲôֻǺƽĵͷ˶֮Ҳʾͬ⡣
ǺãȻָӣôǾһ¸Ե񡣡ַվڼ˶棬һ˵Ԫƿأǿ㶥ǰס޵ƿҶǽսߣǿ÷Զ̹עվںĺ󷽣ҪıΧٶ죬͸λ֧Ԯ⣬ŵҲˡҪƣ˭˾͵һʱսƱԶ̵ЧҪһЩ
Ҷ𣿡ַѯһ飬˵ͷ
ǺãȥţעŲҪһȫ򿪣Ҫ֤ܹڵһʱˡַٴһ飬ͬʱʾ˺˵տλá
˶ȡԼװֳһվǰϲĸִַ̣վԺλãԱƿһѻɫĴ󽣣ûЯκαȡһռ佺ңͷźһʽصĶܷˣĶƽ÷˻ںߣγɵڶ
۾ǸĶԱǷԪƿ츳˶վλãʼȥ
ʯźأ߼ͽҲܶƶַսֲɴ򿪡ڽ̹ټĳ˵ȻʯźأǴ򿪲⡣

ʯſڼžĿռԵø̶ߴʮ׵ʯ򿪡
ˡ
һ죬ʯϵĹͻȻһȻʧһ޴Ű˻ʯڴ
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һֻëĴ֡žץסʯűԵһԭʯšѵһ͵ش򿪡ʯź󣬸ߴʮ׵ĺɫԳһ̤ʯֱ۾͵ǰĳۡ
ɫԳξ޴󣬵ǶȴʮѸ٣һĿϾӡȻ׼ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣһһɫ֣ٶͻȻƾһ͵ɫԳĹΧźַȥ
ԳֳĴһ̤Լٶ׷ȥտֻ׷Բ֮£ַ˽Ӵ
ַ˫ۣ侲ǰסĹ̡
һȣ󲽳˫ֽбž͵ײھԳϥλáϵĸִʮַһھԳʮѪףȻɫԳ壬͵һһȭź¡
ۿԳĺɫȭں̷ϣһɫâƾո֣˲۳һʯףȫڣѵһʮѪһػ
󷽵ǰ˫ɢ͵ںϣһͨ͸ڣơ
ƿұߣ÷ͷý۾ƵŻҪλ̫ߣƷַż˴һ䣬ƿһһҳžԳȥ


31 ս
ַָ£˶ɿ죬˲ռ˺ɫԳǰҵλãͬʱ
ƿǻԪƿ츳д󽣴ʱһŻҴЧַǷɣ˫ȭԵáһһҹԳÿԳһʱһʱܣһӴȽй
໡
ɫԳǻ۲ߣĥæң˻˫ȭҵĹţ޷вһȴ޴ӷӡ
һֱԶԶ׼÷ϵ;ѻڵķλͻȻһڴ䡯һ»кɫԳۡһѪھԳţ۾ֱըɷ顣
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ɫԳֱһ߳׾ٽ߷ɣʯڴʯϣʯѵ
Ӧڵأٶ

У˫ʤ۳һŷ·ˮźȥɫˮںϣֱڡˮ˲䣬·𱻳ɫһ±òҰס
䡫
һں÷þԳ߷ɺ˲ͣ٣ѻٴηԳһֻ۾򱬡
ò˵ЩμȫĽ̹ٶ½̹еٮٮߣսʶܲȻܹ侲ӣЧĹ
ʱԳ˫ȫϣȻ񣬿ζҲܸӦΧΪ˶ʱ˿״̬޷Ӧһʱ˫ȭңտг˱Ű˻
ַһ嵽ǰʱѾΪԶʯ壬ַǬȡһݸ߼ָҩֱעڣͬʱϵܣչ˺ú
ûԥֱսź˻ڡ
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ۿһԱҪַһӣַսǾСͬʱһԾʮףںɫԳǰɫԳһ滹͵ػӳȲӬһַ档
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˵ͷһĸо޶ǿĲұ֤вȥ
ַֻ֪ո˵ĲȫȷΪǰʱĺۼУѾҲ˵ﻹбȺɫԳǿޡ
ַҡͷֻϣҪЩ̫̬ĶֻǵһضѣͶԱˣоδĲ̫ס


32 Ѫ
ϢƬ̣ƿҲָȻûдﵽ۷ʱսҲûʲô󰭡ַڼ߽ȿӻƵľ޴ʯڣߵʯȡһ֤ͨ
һŲ֪ʲôƳɵľƷ̻·˸ܲʮָ״Сİۣ˵ЩǷᾧĵطΪ֤ͨļҪ
ΪʲôһҪɱʮͷ޲ȡȻҲһ˿⣬ӦΪ֤ͨ׼
˵һûпʯź󣬽ļʯҲǽյģȻΪ·û߹ַ˽ɱͷޣ˴֮ϿһϬĸо
ַ˵ЩûгɫԳǿĴڣֻһγڿʯʱһͷˣ˴󰭣Բʤȡһ֤ͨ
һ֤ͨʱ仹磬ǽǵڶصġ
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ַ沢Щ˵֤ͨп뿪Ҫʱ䣬˸ŵĻ߾ߵˡҾַֻһˣҲаջֻ֤ͨҪһЩԱ˶ѡ
߰ɣδԽԽ٣һ֤ͨ˷ʱ䡣
ַ֣˵СӼͨһʯȥ
ƹҡҷѪζŨĴͨУһ֮սڴ졣
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һͷ𷢵˼米վͨͷ΢Цſǰսûйһ㣬ⳡɱ
ΧУһɫͷĺţΪʲôһһٸͨֻжʮͨأҪɱΪʲôҪ֣
شĺɱǽ˶˲䱻֫⣬ɺѪҺŶϳεĳɽһѪȵĻ档
ʮ˱Ǿ޴ࡣοǱΧ˶һ͵Ϯķʽʤ˲Ѿȷֹɱбֻʣһ󺺴
һ첲ѾϣѪˮӼϿӿʧѪʹɫò԰ףѾս⡣
ӣֻӡֻʣ뷨һĹͬʱýʣһִֻ󱳰ȡһᣬһ˦չ
ȻûüʲôһŽѾϢĴԺƿշ
͡һӴ󺺵Ժ룬ü͸Զ𳤹ڼϣɴŵ΢Ц·ʲôûзһ㡣ϱ۴ԵеľҲڵϡ
һͷǰȥᣬ¾ãȻЩȥϰһ飬ͻȻڴȺǰ˵ķûãôʱ䣬ȻֻõžᣬȺʺ
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ַǴʱǹչһͨսǺ󣬷ǰһڳԼķԼ˺ЩҲһ£ûֻͣǷ˽ŲһߣҪԽԼԼ󷽵·Ѱ
ʥйսǺܶ࣬T·ڸ࣬ÿһT·ڶŲͬͨȷǰѾ˽ȵǣʯ£ôҲǸѡ
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ַɫƽĵ˵ͷͬʱԷЩӦøովսΪмȾѪַȻĴӶԷϷ
ͻȻͫȻһһѪֵЩ⣬ַ汳ȴźۼıȻ£


33 ͻΧ
һÿ޳ֻһ·֪ʲôëһг飬ʱһЩظһ飬ʱ˶ٶЩ飬Խϸ߸ܴﵽһЩ޷ĵزڸп֮Ҳֻ̾һɡ
ǰʮεİɱսĻַۣɾɱһɵˡԵڿһ·ָѪʱʶĴиоΣա
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˱ͰԷʱַƣ˫ָսԼıȻûַҲûзֶԷеһȽǸָѪ壬ַ棬ڸո峡սлΣַĹ۲ȷʵǴие۷
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һԽ˺һ䣬ҲͨȥĽ¹Ӻ󷽸˿Ѿʧ˼ͨ૵ĵСе˼ǿܻе鷳ء
Цһ£ӣԼٶȽҲַͨʧķ׷ȥ


34 ƿ
ַٲٶȷɿ죬Գ۵ķԪƿͬټݵѡߵͨ׷ǵһ˲ͱ⡣ۿٹһܰĹͷˣһֻȴӺ
һΣĿǳۡ
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֪޷Է׷ûʱȵ֤ͨȫԺַ֤ͨ档
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·ӲĦ˵ӿĵзһѽϵս˺飬¶߱׹ǰЦҵ츳ǹƿأһֺҲǿ츳һȫᱻǿҪӲĹҺڴĹܹƵҵķ
һһǴ̰˳ΪһìУ˦ֳַȥͬʱ·ڵһַ棬ٶȱȸղſһ
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Ƶķ·һַȫԸȭͨԻΪڣûз̫á
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ַͻȻеһۣٷֺˣŷֶԷԼץסλϣһ׶̬ĹǴ̴ƤѸٳױַֻѱᱻѪ


35 ƾնֵİ
ͷĵĹϬٶַ˵㲻ϬǴľν̹Ҫ࣬츳ȴѲ
ƿһּΪټ츳츳۶ɵĹ֮߼ǿҪ̡۷ҪԪƿػҪǿ󡣶ַϲԵģǷǿĶ֡Ϊ˵ףߣЩ̹ٲȼлһǴ󾳽Ĳࡣ
Ȼǿʣ̹֮ͨٵĹҪǿϲ٣ԷĹƿʱͬеԼĹô
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ôݣ˺ŵذףԼֵλá
ذᶯһ£ĵľǰϢȴ̹ǡ


36 M2սоԺ
ĵıһ£̧֣һЩ΢ĲоЩճһմѪ
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Ůһˣ·һڣٶ֮궼ûзӦȵֶ׼ŮӵʱǵһӰȫʧڹ֮ڡ
֤ͨĴֻ֧һ˵ĴںŮʧһ󼱲Ȼʧֻ½һڿտĴкݺս˫ȭ

ַһĿѣлָʱȷֵһƬʵ죬ĵ͸ͷϷǧůġ
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ʾҫַ濪ĻʾѾ˱仯
ߣַ档
ѽȫԡ
M2սоԺ
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⣬ʾһʾɫС㣬һʮ˸һڻǾֹ״̬ӦʣʮԴɼλá
ַЦȻһֻһ񣬶ҿ񲢲Ҫʲôսʵճ̶Զڵڶء
Ҳ˵ڳܹǷʲô޻ȾߣͼָնԴɼλã͵ڸߣȥɱЩ˰ɣɱǾӵԴɼ
ڽڶصһЩԴɼ࣬һֵĻ̫ԣȵһصȫͨغЩԴɼϾͻΪĵһЩѾӵԴɼҲѡ£ЭԼһԱսһ㣬ǿԤġ
ңҲһַĿʮ˸ɫСУкüһģȻпһ˶ԻϵԴɼҲųѾͼʼѰͬ飬һصĽһѰҵзɱ
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ַһ㶣û뵽Ȼֻֽܷŷ޾ڣȴ޷׼ȷҵԼλá֪ǲΪоԺʲôŵԭ
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жεһͷľ˵תһ£ߵĺеڴԵһЩʽһ̶̨ת
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ʱַѾʮֽӽԴɼڵķλһеսһ


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һ׷һʱַȺɫ׿ʮÿ룬ʱͷܣ˼ľͱһʮÿٶ̡Ͳ̫Զľ˲ͱʱ䣬ַɫ׽ӽ
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ˡٴ𣬲׿񱩵Ĺڸ˹ȥԶڿѾٴ׼ַ档
΢΢Ĭʱ䣬ַͻȻһ̧ոȡƵ˳ԼǰҲǺɫ׵ǰ
ۡ
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΢Ĵ͸;޴ıըͬʱ𣬺ɫ׾޴Ƶĺֱӱըֽұˣֱӱϡ


39 ŷ
΢Ƶ˿СַԱˣɶԽ̹ټ˺Ȼʱ뱬ըںɫ׵ǰȴֻըһֱۣһǶؽַĵطɼս׵ķжǿ
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Զ̨ɫԶ̧̻ǵĻеֱۣɫ߻ںɫĴͬʱɨ׼ȷĺַ档
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ŷڴչƼͬʱߵҲۣܵԴһʵĴġ
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һָ¥ڵλá


40 ػר
꿪ȸӦɨʱ¥Ѿ˲ʱԷָԼʱ𣬡ᡯһ´ڳ⣬սովС
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50 ԽĸȾ
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53 ᱦж
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Ͷų˲ӱһʮֱʮһáЩڵȴͶţȻһеʾ
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55 ս
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ַע⵽ԭѾʧֻʣԼֺͺʾĻ㡣
ʮͬʱĬŲͬĴ㡣ȻĴǵһͻȻͶȴǴƳĬʼᡣ
ļĴзɳֱĸֻһ˲䣬˶ˣԳԼһ
ַǰһɫĶǺԶԿǸɫոԼԲʮֻɫ͹Щͬѡ
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ɫһ߳źɫƶһнķڵЩڵ׼ַ棬޴ըڴϣú󷽵ַۡ
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ۡۡ
תڹ³һĴָСӵڿһߣɨַڡ
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֡
ַɨһҫʾ޺ɫ5һЦ

ɫ׽ӽַ֣ȵ
⣬бԼá
ַЦЦɫе˵ߣֱӴս
û취й涨ڲܷռƷУȸտʼһӳʱ䡣ټαһͶȻҪ֮ľ̶ȡϾ˭֪һͶżÿһζᾡȫȥġ
ɫŭˡ¡ȥĵطᱦ
ǡ
ŷһʣµУطֻʣͺɫַ档
ʱַҲѾȷԷݣŷ˵ͷ˿ûĻ׿ַM2սоԺŷĵˣӦöǻеƿ츳
˵ʶԼԸ˵˵ֶκӦò׶ξԼ鷳ϾԼܿܵشǰ̭뵽ŷӵͬ츳ַµ˵ʲôΪԼֵܱôһоͶˡ
ҰĲͬùߣҵһδһ֪Ƽǿ󡣡ɫڷЦ̤գһַ档
ַͷ׶ߵĺɫףƼǿʹˣֻҲ֪Ƽڡ


58 Ƽ
ַɫңңԣսʤķֺɫ׷̫ǿһĹ޷˺ַȥҲֻмڲƿķ
ڵķҪӵʱ䣬ʱ˵˵̡̲淢ĻԶԷ׾ܶ⹥ûԶ츳Ҫڣֻܿ͵Ϯ
ꡣ
ոжļũٴλصɫ׵ϡһת󣬱仯Ƶģ򱳺󡣡ˢһӱγһѾ⽣
Ҫˡ
ɫд
侲ͷס
˫ƽ¶ʮָͷȫָҲ·һϱߡʮָͷղͬ໥ţһŲЩзɫڡ
ɫһӷ·ˣϵͳ˲ʱƵӳڸղŵٶȡ͵سַ档Ҫַýս
ַüͷĽսǿһΪгԽ˶౶ǿ似һΪٶȿ죬ӦռУַٲӲٶһ˲١۶ԷȻ˹ڴҩһٶһ
Ǹ츳ܹŹ֣Ӱе豸ܡѵԪϵкϵ֧ƿأ
ַ˲뵽һֿܡΪ¥˵ԪƿߵļһǵƿߡһֺǿĸְҵֻԻеͽЧ
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ͬʱũѾַУڿڶ׼ɫ׵ⲿ䡯ľһ¡
һڸüɫ׼ʹĳ˹ڴҩҲܶôһֻؽڴһ죬ֶܵӦϳء
ũڵıըನһ£һ߼ڽ뱻ನ˵пˣַзڵͬʱѾٴȡ󽣵ǰһನȻԾɶ˺ھװ£˺ԺԲơ
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ۿ׶ϱѾԼǰƶ󽣵ǰʱ䶼ûԼַͻȻһҧȵա
Ǭػ׶ϱڼǰһ˲ͻȻʧַնյ봢ռС

ַ泤һоѾˮʪ͸ˡ
ŷߵʵǱеٮٮߣӦٶȺ˲ܳɫǱԽǰʮĿʵ֮ͨľν̹ٻҪǿһЩ
ȥ»ȺĹ⣬ȽǸһַ͡һͷµĺˮϵĿֱӳȥ
ɫ״Ӳ෽عԶͻ˻ڣһĴָϸӵһַ棬סǰе·ߡ
ɫ䱸ĻÿԷǧٷӵʱַǰ֮ȫ긲ǡۼ²Ϊַתȡ׼ɫסһһ׳Ĵִ
̶ֳȵĻںɫϣɲ˿˺ܣ޹˼ɵӭŻ
ַˣЦһάֻ䣬һѹҪϵëڹҿȡһŵסڻǰĺɫĶ˹ȥ
ۡ
׷һƨһı͵ûܷĴڡȻһֱվϵĿͺɫеĿͬʱ𾪵ķ֣ΧĴųͻȻңǿĵƿػǿĻеƿض޷ٶԻ´κָ
ɫͣסˡ
һ𾪣ı仯ͬʱַ棬֪һĹȻʻЩʲôֻһۣͬʱųһ亹
ΪַУѾ׼˺ɫס
ȨַĮ


59 ʥľԪƿ
ɫУʱ׼ȫһֻǶѾ׼ԼҲѾϣʱԷ䡣ȻԼķӦٶȳţҲЦΪԼܹԽ١
ŶǸ˫ֶڣһˣҡҡͷĴ˫ۣڷŵ˿ʵʵ뷨
Ǹ˿ԼҪ侲ֹؼʱ̷´󡣿ţԼһöԷŵĶԥĿ۶ʹԼĶΣա
㿪ҫ£ҧѡȨһռǰ򿪣С
ռŽɫ״뿪ַһתԾվϵĿʵͬȨˣ㻹Ҫ
һЦǸ츳ֻϲܷʵˣһ˸ЩʲôȨ
һռų֣Ҳ䴫˳ȥ
ʱѾȥӣڶֱͶҲѾַΪս˱ȴΪַ֡ɨռ䣬ִʱѾкṷ̈߱Щ˶ûеõĻո̭ĿҲܽǰʮҲ˵
տռڣʱֻطս
ַ治ԶսһӦսǰͬߡЩǰͬ˵ߴһʼԵüΪһֱĴͨٵһ˭֪󣬾˽ʮǿ
΢΢һЦַûиսߵսΪѾսʱȡƣѪҺǿ츳ߵս־ǿսԽڣսԽ
Խ⴦սһսĵطȥ
ߵսֻͬˡƣ¥ԼǸмƵʱѡ
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СҵĹˡֳһĳһննϱ߸ŵԪػѾʣ޼ˡ
ľף¥Աȫƣٶ죬ȴƵԷӲľһ취ûСߵļǻԪƿߣƵʥľ΢ĿƣָܱƾȻʱսʱҲЩ֧ˡ
˻غϻָһһ¥ڴϢ˵ͷ϶ѾˮʪҲ½Ծƴļ֡
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ϢƽȣۼԷѾ֧ŲסЦСҲҲ۸㣬Ѿһ£㻹лһαطҪ
¥߷ߵ˵ĺһαһ٣һļһһο¾ֻԽԽѣڲߵĸ롣ҷú⡣
¥һ˵ƣƼĿĴﵽյһЦ
ַ۾Զƣеַ̧¡
ҪַѾΪ˸жַУǱҪɱġɱʲôʱɱȴǸֵ˼⡣
Ⲣ˵ַӦôȥֺ⿼ɱǲò˵ɱЩд󱳾ʱȷʵҪ෽ĿǣʹΪԼҲܸΪԼߵ˿ǡַĿɱƣôԼᱻ׷ɱһԺҲù
ղɱԺضҡɱ϶⵽ҵıַ߶
ͬǱ׷ɱһ׷ɱһǰݺַ˼ջǽ
ƴ׷ɱұɣǰݺֻҪҽһЩѻаյġֻҪŵսûɱַЦʹɱ㣬ҲܿȡҲǵǾֱӵ˰ɡ
ַͳһ䣬ͣ¥Ǳ߳ȥԶһֱִӲ뵽¥м䡣
Ϣֱӳǰžһȷɳȥ
Ϊ̫Զһû˵ƣȴɳȥԶ¥һδϢʱ
ַ档¥ϲĽеĺȻһɡ
˳¥Ŀ⣬һ¾ͷԶ͵Ϯַ棬ɫüΪѿַǳַ棬ҵܵܣһûˣ㾹Ȼңҿǻòͷˡ
ַЦһ٩˼ҪռѡеĻ̰ɡ


60 ϷŪ
ڵĿռ䣬ֻмԶĵطɢ΢⡣ռУ󲿷ֵطڰ֡
ַƸնԳ֣ʱ׼֣ʱ˭ûע⵽¥ϣƵı
СɧƴȫԿүһ㶼мַֻһѣ͸˳ģȻôòĸмΪʲôӦүĽס
M2սоԺʱƶԼĽףɱַԻƿҩַƿԻһƿҩڹؼʱ̶¥Ӱ죬ʹ䲻ַܰ棬ͬԻһƿҩн
¥ʹַܰ棬Ȼ¥ϵı֪ܻܲȡƿҩãܹΡҾλ̹ˡλ̹ټƣǺǣǺǡ
Ϊŭͷԣʼٿ¥ʱѾһƬѪɫСɧȶԲңǾͱҶ㲻ˡ
УͻȻ˳˾ȫһƶ¥ĳ
һ̫ͻȻ˶û뵽鷢ֲ£¥һƣȻоװɢ̲ס³һѪ
屻ǰƷȥ
һ㶣ʲôЦӭȥһѽԷսק㽫ｻңҪԵͷС
ַ۾𣬿˵¥ͻȻһɱҰ
ԥȡڣΪӦٶ۵ļƣһں˳ȥ
ϸ緢˿İ׹ڵĿռ͸˼Ƶ壬ڣڡһ졣
׹⴩͸˼ƵԴһ˿СĿ𽥷ŴսԴͷʬͣУֱһųֽɡ
ƿһУ۽̲סոַ治õ֣õ͵ϮԼԼǷܻš
ʱһų֡¥ԣж֣ͳռ䡣
ʱֻʣַˡ
ߣַ棬Ѿǰʮˣòỹʲôɣ̫̰ģġЦѡ
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ַ濴ԶսðѪΧ·һѪ⣬Ѿǰͬ˵ȫѹȥʤֻʱ⡣
תҪԶĴͻȻ˶
ֻΧĺͻȻһ󷭹зɳЩɺϵģһսһߣһַм䡣
ַ棬Ѿȡýսʸζ˵ѾҪαظֻҪȨ˳ԸһƿҩΪ㿴Σһ߳һ߿ڶַ³ŵ
ȻǸֺαںһƿҩļֵҲþͱⱦذɣַһֱӽץСͷһһʽصĹʵ
Źʵ۾СģҲ˵۾ʮںڣĳǶȿȥһ㣬һëȻĸо
ַüֽⱦﴧսС
ַ棬Ϊĵһϵ̳ˣμһȡõһ񲻱ЦԸ⽫Ҳ˳Ըƿҩ㣬ȻĻȻԸΪУҲ㣬ҵ츳Ϊ츳ɲûеġ
лϷȴƽֱӽҩƿһųַܹԼ
ַ治ʶǹʵȴʶġֽͫʹսҲֵʮƿҩ˵úмСļʹ츳졣
ƵĴ󲮾ֹʵߣܹ֮ΪĵһңȫΪ󲮵ı츳ƶŹʵ˵ڱصá
ƵĻַ̲סЦˣǼǰ֪ҩôʱҲֻɻѡȻ죬ѾĿе֪ҩļֵƵľͶˡ
ٴνǿ۾ģĹʵȡϸĹ۲ţĶҲֵƿҩ
ԺսͻףΪˣǱ͸ûܹ˵ƿҩʮƿʲôƳȴһ½ҩַһַ֪ԼɱģйìܣʱҲܻܿɸΪ񲯡
ʮƿҩȵȣ룬롣ַüͷ֮С
һƬɣǼ򵥵˼άʽѾ϶е鶼ǿ׵ġֻҪԼǮҲеϸԼ
ȻעҪʧˡ
ַ˺ܾá
һӡ
ӡ
ӡ
ЩͷҪٴδߴһߵʱַͻȻͨˡ
õЦƵʱ䵽ˣȻô͹ˡ


61 ֮
ʾͣӣ鵱ʱĳСʱʱѹַһֱӽͫսǬȻһ˿΢Ц
úúãַ棬ַָ棬ɫıɫ䡣
ַϷŪôԴԼȻ֪Լǽ׵¡ʱѾ˸ַ潻ͫĻ룬ֱӶȥ
ΪǿַӲСκһ֣Ҳû͵Ϯɳܵ˼룬ʨӲ趯ȫοƱҲһֻϻ
ܵƵս⣬ַ˲˫ͬʩչ֣ץȥȡֱһ
׵ľ룬ַѾûôˣǶжһƻܹģʱӡƵȫҲĻͬʱ

һĻ潫ɣΪһ޴ĻȼգɫĹâҫܡ
ľַĹνԡ
ȻƵʥľͨľȴǽȻͬƵԪػ޷̫ѹƣͨ͸ûܿˡ
ֻһȻѣһҺɫӰдܳٶȼĳַ档
㷲Ҳң֪Ц¶м˵
ʱѾһҺɫƤȫ·ΪƤЩճԼǿĻϱߣͷ·ˮεֽϣ˿ҲŲϡ
ַһ޹̶˲㱻ǰƤֱıֱ·һڴ׳Ȼַҳ
ַĿƱϰǲҺɫƤͻȻһøӽˡ
ڽûӲһ˫һһһ״ǰһһһַ˫ϡһ¸񵲿۳˦¶ǰš
磬磬磬硣
ַץסᣬ˫ȭӣһȭȫƵظλ
˲ʱǿʹһθֲҲҪ򱬣Ȼ˸е𾪵ǣȻֻʹƺһ˶û˺һͳе
һϸܵĻҺɫķĩľװ°£һ㱻ĥ˵Ƥ
١ǧҵʥľԪطǰһԽ˵Խ˷ܣװʮ˼ʥľԪصǿܹȫַػ˵ĺϢ
ȡһСĺɫӣ츳֮ӿ֣Ϊһɫâ뵽źɫ֮С
ǰɡһ졣ԼٶƿǷѿһ賤գ۽ʮϰʮ׶೤
֮ŪƵĴһһֵһ˦ǰַ档
˸úּ֮ܽ죬ֻһ˲䣬˦ֵͬʱЩѾʮ׵ĳȡ
ַͫ͵һѸٺˣۿ֮Ѿǰһ˦ȡһˣ仯ɴ״ۡһ½Щȫ
˸޷ȫǣֻ˲һʱ㱻Ǵгſ
ַ赲һʱ䣬Ѿ˵˰֮⣬ֱˡ
䡣
ԱˣȻЧ롣ϰֻըʮȫûʮԱ˿ǲеġ
Ǽ֮սֲӣͳ̶൱Ӣۼıϣô׶ϵģƴСַ׷˹ȥ
ٸһλᣬʮƿҩıȨǻˣɱ㡣оַ˱ܣĿʼ͡
ʵϣַ漴ʹͫҲܵõҩνթս̸ûʲôÿɽ
ַû۽ǿҲǧһһתȥϡ
ƲԳԷƣҿܵƽϡ
̤ʵغַٲڿʩչӰ˲䷢һ˸Ƶı
Ƹոأ˭֪һգ۵ĹַѾʧˣӦʱһֻѾı
һתַԪ
ܵʧںˡ
ûûа취ʹ츳ԼַһȭӲͻᱻ򱬡
ҧٴս¿ڴȡ¥ɫԲһѶʱһɰԲӿ˲ȫ
ַ汾Ѿо˶ԷѷҪ֣һȻ𿪡
ҹ
ƻһȭҳ
ַ侪ңһΣ׵ܹȥͬʱһźݺ߳
ءһ߷˳ȥ
ƶַɵ⹥ͬʱҲƤǿȡʥľԪɵƤʮǿڿסַһźû˿𺦡
ַüͷۿֱһٴγȥʮ׵ľ룬һ
ƱʧȥģۿֳַͻȻһػ
ɢͻȻȫΧ忪ʼƣһ޴ļ룬С


62 
ֱ׵ϣһ׶ߵĻɫ뽫УǶһ
ַڴϱ߷һ󡮺䡯ľ죬ȻȴáЩ֮ʵ̫ʵˣԱ˵Աɱ˶޷ɶ˺ο֡
ҪǸոһûõͺˡַ롣
ӹµ뿪ڣʮСʱֻһַͽƵϣʱЩڡ
һʱ˽֡
ַٶȣַζԷķǿ˭û취Էȫѹƣοսʤ
ʱ˭ûע⵽սǰͬ˵Ѿʧˡ
ڼֶӺڻǱˣĴ˶ԳͻȻһɢɫâıӴзɳַ߷
һ˭ɾͻΪӮңһʵ顣
ַȳ
֮󣬿ٽ⿪Լػһѽ˦˳ȥַ档
ٶɪŷַ棬ϣｫá
ַȡũڣ䡭ʮ෢ڵЩ
ûƵ츳֧źЩԴ࣬ũһȫըϣѵмɢһƬ
Ҳôһ赲Ѿַ棬Ǽߡ
ۿƾǼַ渹ͻȻһĶһŴĿк
𡭡
۳ɵʲ״ȥַ֮벻ףʨӺ˲䷢ӣԭء
̶һӣַ嵽ǰһѽУƵԱߣԪٴη
Լ֮ǿַûʲôõֶƽ⣬ϾǽӽӢۼĲʣԱ˵Ա޷׽ƻԳڣַҲֻԪܹá
ԪҪʹãַһֱڵȴߴսĻᡣ
ڣַʹʨӺЩһ³ʵ˲ήңٿݽߡ
ʱͻȻ
һֻϾִܷܷӺڰƾճַǰʮִڳֵͬʱѾַؿڴȥ
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63 ˫£磬ɱ
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ŮЩַķӦҪ֪ԪļֵȻ˫¹󣬵ǻһѵĻǲġ
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ƨŷܵĻӸ󹬲ġַ֮Աǡ
ڰ֣Ըҹ¡Щ˴СܵĽ̫࣬һ𣬺ܶ෽涼ûйͬԡⲢ˵ͲҪԷԪ
룬ַȷʵҪԪûп
ллԪԺһỹ㣬߻¥
ÿʵһЩսҲܱһЩûмıҪԼСġ
ҹ˵ֱתȥֻʣһ񻱳Ӱַ档
¥ϲң
ַվԭ˰죬ջҡͷ


3 
εΣɴҪ涴λ˿ʮڽλϵðȫ
ɴϵĻеʱ֮ٴַСĿռб÷ƣۿҪɳ涴ֵսжЩȸԾ
һҵĵ涴ʱ֮࣬ƽַٴɴ֮ʱѾٴλص˺ɫ̫֮С
٣쿴ʲô
ǰͬ˵İͻȻ𾪵Ľеʱ÷ȫ涴ʾַ˸Ͻ⿪ȫɴڿȥ
ţô򰡡ΧЩеݣǲǵ˿ƻ˰ɣ
˶ǰĶˣ޴̫Ҫ࣬ΧΧСڵ㣬Ȼϸŷ֣ЩһСڵȫǾ޴ĻеݣһݾԼ˵ķɴԶĿ⣬˾ȵķ֣ݵֱа
˾޴ıݱ˵Щû
ʱ̹žӼʻ߳ɫĶԼλ˵սıԵˣܿҪǵ̫ձݣ֮ǰЩҪٴθǿһ顣
սȫΪս壬ȫԲͬΪԴÿ춼ڻɱÿ춼Ⱥūۣɱûʲôɽһȫƾȭͷ˵˭ȭͷӲ˭˵Ļǵ
սĴȤÿжʮ߿ÿȺҲǿЩ̫ձݡֻеõϿɵȺӵһϢ򡣡
ǵ࣬ڵߺǣǵľҲǹҵߺǾΣߺǣܵطɱһ뿪ߺǣ̫ҲãҲãκαǷ˴ΪЩȡϵľû飬òҪһЩ̫ʵʵϻ쵽λ̹˵
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˵䣬ɴʼ٣ǰһ޴̫ձݣԲ޴ޱߡ
ǵ˽̹ټϽֻвǧˣĶЩλ̹Աһǧˣסô̫ձݣû취ѾСŵˡ
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ԱˬŲҡСһǣӭսһ׳վĲĵЦźʱ·ǧͬʱ
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һƴĽӷСʱַ˽ߵʶͷת˲
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϶İ£ַ澭˷ָȷϡ
ΡһԶ򿪣ַ˽ȥ϶ŮūЩŸ˽
ûоԼ·䣬ַһͷڿɳϣһ󣬿Ÿ϶΢΢üûԼ䣿
϶Ůҧ촽ûûС
ַָüģ΢۾϶üͷ
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ַǵǸ׳ʵһֲڵַָпū
ȻַΪƶЩʵǰ϶·˺һƣ¥΢ҧ촽վ˵ǰȴ衣
ַͻȻеһꡣ
ԼϢɡַ˻˵
϶ûжԥ˺һŹüС˵ūʲôҪԸһᾡһҪ󡣡
ڲ˾ӨҺ壬ȴǿŲ
ַ΢̾һûټ֣ԸҷŵˮҪϴ裬ҰѴһ£ʣʱԼ֧䡣
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϶СĻش𣬺ܿ
Ų׼Ҫһʱ˽սĲпᣬһū˵һٱսпᶼҪЧ
ַ۾ɳϣǽһ˿Ц
а


4 ׽̹
̫ûĸϵƾǺ죬ǰ졣
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塭
ַ水壬ȴ
һšΡһˡ
ڵ˺ַһ£˵˼ǴˡΪ¥ء
ڵҹһɫ΢΢óһͨ˵¥ߡ
ַҪ뿪⻰תҹߴ߱ʵôԼţûиǷū𣿡
ҹǲҪ͸սˡ
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츳𣬷ֱ漣츳츳߼츳츳Լ츳
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һϤɢʼءַףԼľʱڽжξѣԼĵһ츳Ҳ
һ͸㼯ַΪһ롣
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֪ʱַ淢Լһտ԰׵ĵطһУֻпհס
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ģַһ¾Լεء
ʱռͻȻֳһž޴һڰĹеͫзַʶ塣
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ַ淢֣ԼʶʼˣԭЩɵʶ屻ֳ˺ڰ֣ɫӶ࣬ɫֻռһС㡣ʱƳ٣ʶʼ仯˵ģ


5 ˫츳
ŽţϬһޣ޵ƤʮּͣӵԼѣƤߵѲϡڵϣһþŽţϬƤƳɵɳڻıң൱ھһߵıһܵ
ʱҹ˫һɳϣ۾ĶԼ˫֣Լذָסժ¶˫޾˵İֻ֡Ųɫ֡
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С˵ַ츳ܵ׿ûôѽ
ͣʮӣ¥ûģǰ˻һƨɳԣСҹʵ
Ѿȥʮˣ˵ַľ츳ܿʱӦڶʮңʱַѾԶԶ˾ܿʱ䣬¥еЩ
֪ȥֲȥҹͷ̧Ļص
´ŵ¥ȴ룺ַ治Ƿͫ츳˰ɣ֪ʲô츳ء

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ַֹʶγɣɫʶձԼģ׼ȷ˵Լǰģһɫʶ壬ǱԼģʶжַľʶͺԼһ㡣
ַ˲ˣɫʶӦԼԭʶɫǸʶ屾ĲʶֻΪһֲ֪ԭԼںˡ
깲ôʱ䣬ѾЩͬˣʱǿзַֿһӱ
츳֮ԱΪ츳Ϊ츳裬һȫ˽ⲢʹáַʶһһʱַʶҲ˸Ϣ츳ѵ
ַʱѾףԼ츳ˣĴ漣츳֮һ츳ǰ꣬Լꡣ
ɫΪ꣬ɫΪꡣꣿ
ַЩ¡ôԼӦһ˻ˣ
벻ױ㲻ȥ룬ַܿ¶һߣΪʱѾ츳ܿʱ̡
ַܹоԼڷֱԼ츳ܣкɫΪΪܿγԼļܡ
һַ̣ĸоԼһӶЩʲô
츳ܣɡ
ɣ츳ܡֻɱԼС꣬ʧ꽫ش
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˷ܣַȴûã͸оԼĵڶ꼼ҲҪˡ
ɫַʮǰһֱԽڣñȽϡǿ׳ʮСԺķѵʱҲЩ
ˡ
ַе֮ͻȻһ·һţĽǶȿȥ۷·һɫУһ֮͸ڶ츳ܿ
츳ܣʾ
ʾ츳ܡͨ겨۲ˣɶϤԷ롣ԽϢԽ
ʱƽţתȥˡ
ַϵͳ׶ΣΪﵽ̹ټԭ򣬲֪ʲôʱܹٴοѡ齱Ҳ
죬ַ漸ƾ̹ټĳǿܿͱЩɬѶĿͨ죬ַ˿ʼߺӡ
ƣ⼸һֱûнҲˣǿַ׽̹ټ󣬶¶ɻɫ
ûɣԪٺ٣ٷ֮ʮĽʶܳɹɡ¥ַͣ·Ƶġ
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˺ٺһЦû˵ʲôǶԪʯҪԣսϵӲͨһԪʯ൱һٿʮòū
ǵūһǱǶǴСӦǼֶǵĴࡣؼǣǶܱˡֻҪܻŻ̫ձݣұ֤ǻǵġȻλŮʿľˣΪҲãٺٺ١
ЦĻĺܶ࣬߼ελ̹Щ
һ·ڴӵº͵٩߹һ޴Բƽ̨м䣬ƽ̨Ͽ̻·ַͻȻ۲쵽ƽ̨ϵķľȻԼϮɱϵķЩ
ˣվƽ̨ϣվȣҪˡ
˵ôһ䣬ûеַϸ۲죬Ѿ˴ţһ׹ƽ̨ϵ·зվƽ̨ϵ˲ʧ


6 ս
ǣλڵߺǱռذ˰һʮƽ
Ȼǻɵλ֣սϣʮƽΪһ졣Ǳǰʮһ졣
еǵĵʮС
ǳһʮһҲλ̹ٶѡǳУгλ̹ٵĽߴڡһʵ˳С
ʮһ죬ÿһһٸȺ˹ͬͽɿɻû֣ȡֵΡ
Уʮ죬ڰ˽Ĵࡣ
һ޴ĸ֮ۡУͻȻһҵİ׹⣬ʮŮӰڸ֮ۡС
ӭʮ˽ǵָԱҽ档һŮһʮĶ̷Ů
ߣһʮһĽӽſڣǿء¶ָԱ
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ŮЦݺиȾ紺ִҰůġ˺ȻĶøС
һۼԻĵˣַ棬ս¥ҹĸڽһ¾͸ˣһǽģʽһ飬ǵĳɼǷԷŵ
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ս඼ͳһȺе˶ΪˡΪԼרŰŶ飬ƵɫźÿһЩ
Щ˻֪ʲôʱȸңҴһϤһ»
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кһϣԼһ͵ʦ
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ַָգֻһֺɫڱ˰գΧʮΧƣԼɼЩΧСڵڡ
ǡȫԵĹأռ龰
˵һʱᱦжкܿνȫʵ⣬ӦǰϤսĻ
û˵ı飬΢΢һЦʼΪһһ⡣
źɫǾǿǣսġ
ÿһʱͻᱬһΣڼ䣬ڷɳȻ˵ııʹǽǿߣҲԸΪֻƴֱ
ΪЩԼ߼ǿڿʼսɱǻͨ޿ɵ⣬޾Զһֱʵս֮
Ϊ棬ԸաôԶʹЩǿĴҲһʧɱֱһ죬޵еĴڶʼʶֻսĲ
ǣǿʼ򣬳򡣡
˵һ·ŬƽѹֵȻ΢΢һЦӦҵǣԼս֮սôСڽսĵһͻᱻɱ
΢΢һЦֵͣ˵ЩˣսǶѧɡ
ͷ
ܺãһһҪ֣Ѵһ顣һ¶ɫһ˳ָ˵սϣȺΪλͳһսߵӰȺõĽЩֽӰȺķչ˵սϣһҪڶҲҪκһͬͬѣҪæΪ͵ڰԼ
˶һ㣬ȫͷŻָЦ
˵̫Ҳûãһʱʲô˽ˣڴȥһߺǵľλ°ɡ˵кһַˣһȥ


7 ַС
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ҹº棬һЦҶǳ츳ֻͨˮԪƿ츳ӵмˮԪƿأٿΧˮʡԪˮìԶ̹ܣԼ΢ƣԶһЩǲмഴơ
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ַû˵Լ꼼ܺ¼ն꣬Ϊʾ˵ȥ˲٣ԼŸս¼ܣҲЩ̫˼ַ潫
츳󾪣㾹Ȼ漣츳˵㲻Ǿƿ츳ѵˣ
սʱҲӦ˹Цð¾ȻҡַУ͵ɫѰ
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档ַͻȻ
š
ȻҵӳǶս˽⻹Ƚ͸жзҵľʲôܼʱҡַһϵ˵
ƤһЦִ̧˸ײľ񣬺

սȻָսĳأսʤ߻û֣ﵽһֿɶһӦʽ;Ρ
ս켶ǼǼַ֣λ̹ٺλֻ̹ܲμ켶ͳһս
ַԼԹڣ򿪾λµϵͳʱһŹĻַǰַһȥɾѡ
ɣʮ߽ɶ꾧ʯʱһ¡֡
ѪսŶӣԵʮһŶӽѪսսÿɱԷһ˽һʮֵջʤٵŶӻ֡
С飩ϲԪʯÿԪʯԼһԪʯ񡣡
ɱɣɱĴ׶Ѱ˹壬ʮ֣Ԫʯʱޡ
񡭡
ַһ˶ʮ棬ϱܹйϵʮҲнǧУһɱ˻ٰһ
񹲷ĸ𣬷ֱһǧ˵Ⱥʮ˵Ŷ˵СԼûƵгȺÿȺҪȫԱһ֮⣬Ƶġ
ѹֽս⻹ֻһż֮أߴֻǶôң
ַаоõЩȷʵʴˡûֿɱ˻ȡֵѪս


8 ն
Ϊ´ǵĴڣߺϵİ춼ģҹĻٵʱ򣬸Ǽһ޷
ַڴϣ˼쵽׸ýʲôԺͻȻһöŮʾ
ϵͳɣϵͳڶ׶Ρ̹ڡ
ַһ㶣ʱѾ꣬곣פھʶУʱǺɫС͵ۣߵĳϵͳתԼԱߵĸʾ
ʾϣнɫʾš
һӾÿһλһѡ齱
¶츳ÿһɻ츳齱һΡ
ӻֶһÿʮսֿȡǿҩһΣÿһٵսֿȡҩмǿҩһΡÿһսֿɳȡмҩ߼ǿҩһΡ
һȡΡʱޣһ¡齱һΡ
μӱȺȡһʤ󽫿ʸ񡣣עʤ󽱿ʡ
ɣѡ齱ᡣעϵͳѡ齱Ϊ츳齱Ƿʼȡ
ַ˺һ󣬲⼸Ϣꡣһ
̫ˡ
ϵͳɣϴǷѡ齱츳齱ΧС࣬ȴøӸ
Ҫ֪̹ټҪľ츳츳ǿĽ̹ٺԽս츳ߡϵͳַ˵Ǻаġ
ȡ
ַУϵͳת̺
ϵͳתϣͼȫʧʣµһʹ˸󣬱ֻʣһͼϣԣʣµͼ츳ࡣ
ɫָתָ㷽ת̿ʼת
Щ츳ͼ껭ĺǳַֻܿװζӦ츳ܡ
תԽԽ죬ﵽһ̶ĸ֮ʼӺڳͣ¡
Σ츳ܣն꣬Ƿȡ
ַһĿתնͼ꣬жʱնϸܡ
ն꣨츳ࣩ츳ܣͷֱ֮ӶԶֵɹӷ֮ԽǿɱԽǿ֮ԶǿԼпܷ
üܡȻӷ˵ֻҪҵǿԽɱУ
ַ濴ն꼼ܣԥãһҧϡ
ȻڿСӵǱ޴ʩչն꣬ڿӦûǵǿˣܾˡ
ַϲƬ̣˳ϵͳռ䣬ʼб
ҪȺ񣬲֪ÿһεȺҪȶá
ַ濴бϷＯȺ
šȺ񣬶Ѫս񡣡ַͻȻɫһ䡣
ȺһǧˣȺԸʷûǸȺѡһЩˣϾһ˾ͶһпܳΪѹյһݡ
ô˲μѪս񣬵ˣĺѹơ

ڶһ磬ַ𴲼ϡ
Ѿѡһ񣬴һһ¡ַ˶󣬵㿪λ£ָ˿
Ԫʯ󣬰λýǸѡԭҪΪԱȽϴʱ˳Ͷ㣬û糷ˣЩ˵ΪһεӦǱȽϺʵġ
ַ׽һ顣û飬һֱͷͨ
ȷ֮һĽֵĴʹ
Ĵų˿Խմ⣬ͣͣһֻҪһԪʯ
ִǱҪģսϰɱַ̫࣬˿϶ڲ֪Ǹڵϡͨķʽ··;ľɱп˴
һԪʯڴͷϣЩķĺ·ͬʱҫһųַ֣ɽȥ

ǣ챱⣬һ׹˸
ַ˴Ӵ͵ѣлָѾһƬּ䡣ǶԼǧ⣬һ޴ĺɫɽǵĽǶȿԿɽϱ鲼ĶڡһԪʯӶͳֱӴ͵ɽ¡
ɽµľָڵסˣ뵽ԪʯֹƷ϶вٸػ
ʱһ׹Ǻͬʱ͵һλá
һδ͹ˣȻҲǽӵС񣬺пܺԼһԪʯ
˶ֳּЩ˵еľ飬ǿòȴ뾫ȥԶĿеһǰλʾΪλ̹٣ûоΣУȴελ̹٣ʣȫǶεϸ΢̹١
һӢСӡ
ַһ¾뵽ƣҲεĽ̹ٴ񣬿ǰݲ͡
ˡ΢΢ǰַ˵
ַһ㶣ͻȻȺУѪսĶ־ˡ


9 Ѫϴ
濴üͷӣԽ͵ǸʮھţһʮһֻһΡ
ǣһʮһ죬ÿȺϵһʮһλʵȷʵС
ûǵͦַЦ
Ϊзѹ󣬿ϧǹ涨ÿȺֻͬʱһλ̹٣λ̹ٽ֮ͣһʱ䣬Ѿһʱ뿪ˡɫΪԷʵǿԼߣսԼ߿϶Կ
Լ¥⼸Ҳˣﻹַ棬漣츳ߣȺ˵ԼһҲϧַ漣츳ʧһǵ޷ܵء
֪Ӧ֪ͨһͺˣȻпΪַѣҲܱȸáЩڵ뵽
ʲôʲôϳˣҲϳַ˾λϴݵǡ
Ȼϵˣһһελ̹١ͷǸͻȻЦ֮Ѫսӣ֮ǰȻôһԷʵĻᣬϧݰ
һ֣ȵɱǡ
ȻĻû˵ַ꣬澹ȻȶˡһƺԤ׵Ĵ
ַͻȻ֣˶ûз涼ûвµַ˹ϡ
Ҫ֪Էλ̹ٺελ̹ɵĶ飬ɻ֣Լࡣ
ֻҹһʱ˷ӦһΣʧԭء
ַһֵķʽȻ̹ټ޷һȥȻӵвκ츳սʿľһν̹ٵϣֱķ˳ȥ
Ȼоװλ̹Ծ³üѪס
󵨡

һ˲䣬ʣν̹ȫֲͬԵԪ˫ȭϣǰϷλͬʱ
ַˣЦһܡֻʼһ֮¶Ϸڣǻ͵һӿз
𡭡
һҰԼڣַΧʮ׷Բ˶һʨӺѣˡ
Ӱһַһν̹ٵıͬʱһǬȡ˫¡磬͵س˵ľȥ
ַֻеԼڻӶ˫¡ʱ򣬺һɾƶԼذ׵ĸ첲ʹԼذ׵ٶȱø죬
ᡣ
ģذ˵ĺ󾱣ַһ˦ҪĲϡȴͻȻѣлָ˹
ҹ
λ̹ټһ֣һȭַ海ֱɢĹâ
ǽ֮츳ﵽλ̹֮ʾͨнӢۼװȫ֮£ȸ߽Ӣۼǿȡ
ַʨӺЧѣֻ˶Էʱ䣬ʧɱڱعֻһԼ뼫Σյľء
¥˱ԭأֻΪȼַ߳ǰѣʱַһʱ˫ŭѡһӣһִɫԪˮӿͻλ̹ȭ
䡯һ
Ԫˮȭһ´򱬣ɫˮηɽַЩۣһ赲ȭƬַ̣һӰ˺ףһ
ȭԪˮַ濿Ӱ˵ͬʱһֻþĶǵİִλ̹Ӱֶ֮һģذף·Ӱһ㿴ģڰ־޵ڸ£˳׵ĺĴڡ
ȻȴһʵĶӢۼذףλ̹ٵĲһֻ˲䣬ʧǰ·ɲǶԸͣ
λ̹Żعһֵ˫סԼĲӣҵĺš硯һڵء
һ˿Ѫˮ˫ֵķ϶ԽԽѪˮڣ޴ѪҺѹſ赲ͷ­͵緢ͷ­벱ֱ졣
硫࡫
һ˫ⳤĿͷ­׹˼ٶ
ѪҺȪֱϸ߿գַ⣬ֱԡѪذֶն̹١
ʱ¥ҲʨӺ״̬лָ˹λ̹٣ĸΧλ̹٣֮ԪˮĹ£λ̹ٺıնɱ
ʱѾɶˣȻ߹󣬵ʵȴôۿԼֲ˲ͱնɱŵܶôܡһƨɵڵϡĵӣɱңǲŹǵģ㣬˶ɥ
ַһﲻȥһԷĿڣǶķ·ˮһȻ򵥡


10 ɻ
⡭ôɱˣЩû뵽ַ澹Ȼͣ˵־Ͷ֣˵ɱ˾ɱˣôɴ䡣
Ҫ֪ǿӣԼݵʱжһ˿ɵ˭ַ֪澹ȻǺ
ʵϣַȷʵûôࡣԷǵˣѪսеĵˡ֪֮жٵ˽˵С£˭ӵݣ
ַ˵ֻᶨɱԷľġ
ɱ˾ɱˣҪѪսʱһǰɱҲ΢һ£ַЦ˵
һȻһЦŶҪָһʲôݡ
սһãȻɵɵʵʲôѪսôû˵
¥Ҳգ͸۾ʣǰҲû˵ַ֪ҪѪսѪսʲô˼
ַͷҲǺбϿģ˵˵ɡ
ͷ˵ѪսսпһսҲ˵սҪһҪŻЧ
ֻ͵Ⱥ߶ſߵȺͶѪսս߲þܾʧвƲʤߣɡԣѪս֮кͶߣÿμѪս˶ƴѪսףԲŻᱻΪѪս񡣡
ộĽͣһ
ͷǵйڣȥʱǵǰһ٣ΪȺսбǻܣŵ䵽һʮһġֻǵ˼ʮǽĳٱȥһ롣
ʱǳս޷˾޴ãһ˹Ǻüߣˣ϶׼Ѫսˣǵʵôʱ䲻һֱͣһʮһ
Щε˵ʵĺǿû˷ޣǻʤϣ̫ãˡ
ַ˶һĬ·ѾѪսѪ
ַ֣ѳĬˣһ΢Цı˵ǸʲôȻû˷ޣǶǼѵǾô˻Ȳһޣ
Ҳڰο漣츳ַҲ漣츳û㵽ǻַļ룬̲ǣ϶ʳġ
¥޾ɵ˵ַλ̹ټ
ЦЦ漣츳Ϊʲô漣ΪԳ㣬ңַڿԼûԼ츳жôǿ󣬵ȵϤԼ츳϶˴һġ
Ƥգ۾װصǰʵȥμȺսʱҲǸոսλ̹ټŶ
ʱַͻȻɫһ䣬תͷԱߵʬ塣
һ˿ɵʴӼȥ˵пʼַ۾һǶԷҪˡ
ศɵģȱһɡ˻ţ˵壬һݽ֮ʧȥ˱ͻʬΧĿεܿɢ
ۿ˵궼Ѿ˸ԵʬַͻȻ츳ն귢
һ۲ֱܷĺɫַ۷ˢһնһڴϡ
ʧȥ˼άȴʶ֪ʹһնֱ鴤һϸСĻɫʱն
ַ˴ϲϽͷų꼼ܡ
һתĺɫгַͫǿ鱻նµĻɫںɫеӰ£Լٶַˢһ½ַۣɫɡ
ţ
ַͻȻһ˫͵һУһɫ˪С
ǣɵ̺츳
ַһϲһ֡
žһһƴСɫַд
Ȼܹʹá
ַ¼ˣ꼼ܿɵԷ츳ܣǶôµ
ַ棬ô£ôͷų¥죬ʵ
ͷųģҸոɵЯһ˿츳ͷŹͲˡַҡͷ˵ٴż裬Ѿ޷Ӧǹ츳ˡ
Ҳһ˿ܻһ츳Ҳջ񡣡ַǺһЦĳɳڴ
ٴ編ƣַһ˿꣬ÿ˵϶һ˿ݲͬ츳ֱʵһ£ֶʹáֻù֮ǹ츳Ҳʧˡ
ɵ˿Ҳﵽ˼ޣҪЩȫղܼɣַֻգʣµЩڿɢ


11 
ɱ֮󣬵ȻҪԽһַڵʱͶֻĶˢˢˢˢԷϵľװ
ַһذͱϴŶ٣ʮԪʯЩԪʯԸԼֵߡַ˵һʲСĲƸˡ
ЩװǳģӵһεĽ̹ٿԵȡûоΣԾȴպŴ⼸ɣԼþλȡװתһ׾װҲֵԪʯءһ߽һ߷ɿĽ˵·ȫǹ⡣
Щǿϳ˾ҲʹһСáһ¾ױǵͽˡ
¥˼ˣһ񺮣ԺʹףҲҪٶഩһ·
ɱ˲һСַﲢǵΪ׬ԪʯΪ׬ȡ֡ԪʯҪ
ǰнǧףԼѾԿԷػԪʯĻӡ
ţȻˣԭǽӵĲ񣬶Ǳɽ񡣡
ɽУ˶Խܱɽ˺Ҳ֮һЩμԱÿһС飬ػһ־
Щ࣬ƾַˣ϶޷ᵽ̫ྫҲ͵Ϯһ㣬ǵʱҲǸ⡣
ҹûаڲֵǱ棿ַ΢۾ǰĿ󶴣˼ڿڲ
С
ҹĻشܼ򵥡
ǺãȽȥע۲ߵԱͷֲڵͨλԼԪʯĶ١ַ濴ҹּһ䣺עⰲȫһȥͲҪǿ
֪
ҹƽ˵һ䣬󲻶ɫּӰ֮УŶڷٽӽ
ԼʮӺҹٴγ֣ϢĴַǰ¶Ρ
˸ֵ࣬ıȽɢпǼʮ˵ŶӡԪؾ٣Ǵ඼δھֻһż֮أͨ۸ӣʧֻ̽˲򡣡
ҹ˵ţַüͷԽԽ񲻺
ʱǰȺ˶
һελ̹˳ھλʲô֮󣬲ȡһռ佺ңˢһ£ȡһԪʯ󡣿ӣҲһҡ
Щһͬελ̹Ҳ˸ͬĶ
һλ̹٣ȡһԪʯ󣬿ʼк£׼ȥ
һûᣬֻʮ˸ˣ˵ֱӵɽԪʯҪ򵥵Ķࡣ
ַüͷԲͫԼһɫСת
츳ܡʾ
һεַ۷ֱӴλ̹еһˡλ̹üĴһ£¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ͬʱһɹ˵ϢַԺС
λ̹ٵ֮Ҫͨλ̹٣ַõϢǺϸֻԼ߹·߳˳
һ飬ÿѺԪʯľн
ַһ䣬Щɬۣʾλ̹ٵϻЩ
򿪾λ£ٷӺҵĿꡣ
ѹСӣϮɱʮ⹫ÿɱһˣʮԼԪʯ
ʮ죬÷Ҫ
ַٺһЦ߼˵ߣȥ

޴ĺڱ˰գַ֮УԵЩ谵ޱȡ
Сƶŷλ˰СʱһּС·ԡ
·Ϣַͨʾӻеλ̹ϵġɽԶײᱻڿɽ˷֡
ַһһ߲ˣЩַս֮ǰ˲٣ʱһ㶼һ·ѾͷֲÿһλòõĶн
¥ǲزס⣬ַһ·壬̲סʵַ棬ô֪ܴߣ
ַ浱Ȼ˵ʾĹֻЦЦ˵ҿɲ֪ܴܲߣǲҿǹ
˵䣬СѾ
ʮΧһǰУǵٶȲ죬;ΧЩ˴󲿷Ƕελ̹٣ÿСһελ̹ٴӡ
Щ˵ʵԶղŵˣҿǰϵıǣӦöһȺġ
Щ˻ַ֪˵Ĵڡַ͵ϮĻᡣ
ߵţҺһȥ͵ϮȰ߽ػעϣҪȫ߶ԷÿҪնף
ַСս˵ͷһ֣˼ӿٶȳǰȥ
Ŀ󷽵ˣɱǸεģʣ¼㣬սپַָž뼺ļˣ۾
а𣿡Щţ˫ЩԶ͵ϮǺס
ַ𣬴Ǭȡģʵ˵أ


12 ɱ
ں죬ʼʾŷ
ַ涯вϴһʮطҵ͵Ϯѵص㣬ϣһֻڵֱһָֻ̧£͵¡
ᡯ
һϸ緢˿İ׹һ£͸ν̹٣谭ǰһν̹١
һ˫ַһҪһɱν̹١
ʣ׼£Щλ̹ܶܵġû׷ʲôԴѾһ롣
ͬʱҲԼǿһ¼еΪʮ׳ıˮìν̹١
ԪˮԶǿͨˮڽӴ̹ϵľװʱֻһͣٱ̴˽ȥ
ۡ
̴ν̹˲
͵Ϯ̷һ˲䣬ֱʱЩѺԪʯĽ̹ǲŸ׷ʲôһ˻һѴ󽣣Ϯ
ַķλѾ¶ȵˡȴǰ
һӰ嵽Ⱥ֮УַʨӺͬʱ
𡭡
ʮһν̹ȫԭء
ַȥλ̹ԣһѽռ佺սǬȻͣתһͷԱߵ֡
ոܳʮףһ׳Ľն˹ֳִ󽣵λ̹١
ַһӰܹȥ޴Ľնءһ졣һ;߰˿þһն촷ۣҶƮ䣬ֱһնһ׵Ŀհ׵ش
ܡ
Ԫʯ󡣡
ɱΪӳ𡣡
ʮν̹ٴѣ˹ַ֣׷ȥλ̹ٸѸ˴֮С
һ׷һӼ䣬ַ潫ʮһȫڵ
ۿЩȫԱ˵˺Χַ˫΢Уȣұ
䡭
һʮԱǻسʯ飬س֦ܹ֡Щߴ㲻ը˸һˣҲЩˡ
ַ治ܣس󷽣ָŶʮ״Щߣﻹȱɱλ̹٣ץġ
һȺĻ߻û׹ַ仰ʲô˼ͿΧͻȻֳˡ
սѪӿɢűѵѪ׵壬츳Ѫ񱩷˲䱩ʮڴȭͷһȭһըηĶν̹ͷϡ
ءһ
˵Դ·һ͸ϣսһȭұɫѪˮͰɫԽɽ漫Ѫȡ
¥ݼ츳˲նܣ̫ڿлһɫĹߣЯ֮նһ˵ͷ­ˢһ˵ͷ­࡯ĹѪˮȪӿ
ҹֶ򰲾öࡣҵսУ˭ûзĴڣ˴ӺĴ̴Ļ߶˭ɱԼ
ں󷽵ڼεʱ䱻¥ҹսɱ⡣ǰߵλַֻֻ̹ʣλ̹ٻں
ۿԼȫֳִ󽣵λ̹⣬ȻǰŮһˮԪƿʹõļΪȻ˲ԼǷʮֵλûѵĻᡣ
ַȡڣ׼ֳִ󽣵λ̹٣ؿʼ
ܵΣյ٣ֳִ󽣵λ̹ͻȻƴűԪˮ̴˼͵תַ壬еĴ󽣡
һȸղŻҪ޴һĽâӴ˺أͷַն¡
ȥ
١
ϣַ˲䰴·׹һַ水·ͬʱ˶Էմ󽣵֡
·ѩڣλ̹ٵһֻСȫΪޣƬɻҶû¡âɢĴ󽣵ϣһ˵棬ֻʣһ§档
ʱҲѾתһӣԪˮƾշɳᡯ䴩˶Է˫ȡλ̹ٲʵķһ˻ҪڵϵĴ󽣡˭ַ֪һȽǬС
ɱңɱҡ
λ̹ٷŭĴУ˵˷²ūָҪܶĥֱӱɱ˸ɴࡣ
ģʱҲɡ
ַ¶ЦݡЩˣһ˿֮ġ
ʾַ֮ͫһŰɫ֮תֱ֮ԷС


13 ˫츳
λ̹ٵ֮λ̹ҪߵĶ࣬Ȼַƿ츳Խʩչʾʮֺķ츳
ַеİɫ֮𲢷ʵʣ̬λ̹ٸ޷ʲôֻǸоԼԺڱ˿̽ϽɺϵͻȻһ
ƿߣѹ֪ǣԭǵֳһϵ漣츳ߡλ̹ٵϤһ𾪡
¥Ҳɻַ沢ûи˵ʾ飬ǲַ֪ʱڸʲôֻǶַ棬Ȼַ治˵ҲȥʡһʶõҲˡ
µԷ츳λ̹ɫѸõ˵ϢǰΡҲóѵġ
¶Ȼɫ͵̧Ψһõ֣һƳԼü¡
һ̫ͻȻ˻ûüӦһƾѾǰ
ʱַ͵ۣȵնꡣ
һɫΪһɵַ۷ɳգۼնǰλ̹ٵԺ֮С

λ̹ٷһĲҽУʹ޷ܣĳһͣڿУճȭָΪģѪȭ
ţô
ַһ㶣û뵽նôǿȻһûжԶԷûɶʵ˺ַʹȴκ־ǿĶı
ĥһ־ʱʾҲЧáַͻȻ뵽
ʼһͷն꣬һɫɵնԷԺӷֱꡣ
ϵʹʹ۵Ҳ޷ʣλ̹ʹİû¾Ϳʼġ
㣬ɱңɱҰɡҪĥˣ֪ʲôȫ㡣
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һͷʮն꣬λ̹ܲסʹ˱
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ʮƴϿµķģÿһĶɢԪ֮档
ЩַϮɱΧһȦˣЦ׵ҵƺðɡ


14 Ϯɱ
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15 ɺ
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16 ʮս
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18 賤
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ȻνĶֻλ̹٣ȴַõϢЩ΢ĳ룬ΪõϢУʱǲɳκһλ̹ٵġ
ܵսûãֻǽÿλ̹٣ӦΪýøɡ
ַ뵽ԵĵڶӴӳ˵ĴӼԱ̫࣬æһ£ȥոųƵڹ֧Ԯ;б˸סˡȥһ¡˵Ҳֱͣӳȥ
ں߸ſ˵ЩʲôַѾԶˣֻںߴȵעⰲȫ
ֻԶַͷҲصİڰ֣ӰѸʧڵƽϡ


19 һն
ǧףַΪĺɱ
ĿɫԪʻɵĳìɼڿл½ս˫
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ǽϲ䣬Աڿټ١
ַ˫΢Уֻȭ߬
׵Ĳò޹ڲ֪Է£ÿƬһǷأȴԮΪ˵ķȷġΪԼһԱʱַл̲סŭ쳣
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سǵĵЩһǽʧأǲ˵Ĳӣôͬսʿ⣿
ٷһ֧ľԮٲ֣Щ˽ȫýˡ
̳УӴӳһԼóĹУһŶ˾ְλ̹ٺ
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ַ治סԷܹвˣֻöԷĶʧȥָӣɢҶѡ
УһźɫѾʼתһɫķɵֱλ̹١
ಡ
նϢλ̹ٺıնˡ
һ˲䣬ªϣеķⶼʹζǿмһǿɤӸǿ޹˼ɵ캿˳

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ˢˢ
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ӣɱ͵Ϯߡ
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ѹֻ֧һλ̹٣ǵĵºЩء
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ַûȡһ󽣣ָ͵һɨ
һȫĵùоԸȺսܺʹʱٴóһնɱʮˡ
ۡ
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ַûһ˿ͣһӰһһԱܼءſһʨӺ𷢳
Ѿ׼Ǳַ߸һȫϵء
նɱʮһˣַеĴҲЩӽϣѴУһλ̹нɻģƷҪ߳ȫеõս״ࡣ
ȻʱĶֶھװնɱʮһˣѾѽļޡ
ֽ󽣶ַûץӣԪԷԪȫȻȡ˫¡磬ʼȺгɱ
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ǰնͬһζԷûʹĺУҲûκķӦôֱͦͦվţվš
ȻȻء


20 ȫ
նһһնꡣ
ַ츳ն꣬ǿ֮˲һ֮䣬˲併٣Ϣǿһ̶ȵ⣬޷о˿նĴڡ
۾תַͫУһ֮۶ɵĺɫɵǰȺбննˣȫѣ
һĻ̫ˣǸ޷·ʲô״һͬʱѾ⡣
ֻԼһӻڶԷСԼûƴԹߵĻȥ֮Իٿʹ𷣡
ˣߣ

ɱ
ʱԭһֱѹŴõԱڸ״ưܵ˻ų˳
ַһͷʮն꣬оѾʮֵˣͷնĻпܻΪ֮ѷʹ˻Ǿǵòʧġ
ڴʱѾ⣬ԥǰӵҲг˳ʼŸǷɱȺС
ֵǣɱЩĳ˹֣ΪȥֵǱ𡣡
Ĵӳֳѵִ˻ųǰһһ˵Դ
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ɱ
ܵӳƵĹ裬ӵ˳׷ˣһҪȺУҪ׹ɱ
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ת֮䣬ĲӾͱӳ䡣
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սַ뿪ʼһʮӣ֧λ̹ȫֻʣһλ̹ӱַУŵû
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ӶԷԺпԼ֪ϲûֻ̫ÿĶмһλ̹٣Щ̹ȫ£ȻѪսҲǰڻҵĽɫ
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ҲԱ߰Ц
ûͨˣسŵǲɱġַʮֿĵЦ
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Ҳɱ㣬ôˣޣ˵ǻ᲻ɱ㣿ַЦ˵һ䡣
ԱߣѾʼĥȭƣһҧгݣ޵
𣬱𣬱ǲܲãĶӣֵܶԪʯץūɣҪɱң
Ĳҽг˺þòŽƽϢ
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ʣµʱ䣬ַҪȥѰҶԷҲЩµλ̹ٲӡ
ַ棬лл㣬㣬ǵӽ϶ˣԮźŷôʱˣһﻹû˹ܿҲΧȥʱҪһ·Сġ
֮ǰַл
һսֵܣӦõģﱣأˡ
ַ˻𣬶һ֫ѵɣתųڵİ˺ɱȥ


21 
ʮսսʮ־޴󣬳Ҳʮ
ʱƬĴϣѪȵսڲͬĵطݡѪ
սӿʼڣѾʮСʱսϵҲӻ谵İ컻ڵҹĻ
ʮСʱУһʯƻˡһٶˣһʯûжʧ
ʱƳ٣ԭ˴ҲѾɢʮСӣʼ÷ϮɧŵսʮϲʮһٶǷɢִ
ѰҶԷЩλ̹١
ʱڵһʮ֮䣬İʮλ̹ΧɸԲΣһƬݵ֮С
λãһ۵һѽɫ޹Ƴɵϣ˫Ŀ΢
ԣļλ̹٣·һػܡ
ɢҵʮλ̹١һĬĬվĿ񣬻е
ۼسһɱա
ͻȻԶһ΢ıʮλ̹ٳ޹ϵλ⣬ȫ¶ɫ
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⣬ӱֱѺڵа˺ǷһӦǵĵ漣츳ߣַ档
˵Щԭؿͷһ¿ͷڵϲ̧𣬵ŶԷʻ
۾漣츳߼ֺ˿
ͳһССĵ壬Ȼô漣츳ߣҲãȥ걾Ⱥս˵漣츳ߣһΣʹǵ漣츳Ҳ
ɱһ漣츳ߣҵҪ۲ۡߡ

ڵҹĻУַСӳԱޱߵĻϼٴС
ҹ紵Ϯ۾˶ԵЩƣ˫΢΢졣
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ʲô˼ҹٴʵ
ַ淭ȡһװƴС죬ԸǣֻҪܹȥаɱǼֱǵĵӡ
ҹǰһϵַϮɱзӹá
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ַûоܾΪҹȷʵԼʺЩݸԷͬʱҪõķλϸ˵һ顣
ŵ㣬һעⰲȫ
ַСѣҹӰѾڰ֮С
ڵҶأҹİ˫츳̶ȵķӣαҹȫڣͬʱ츳Ҳжʱɵ
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һ
˴
ʮŴ
ʮ崦
춼õλַ濴ǰûжˣǽһ˿пЦ


22 ͵Ϯ
ڰҹĻУˮ㵴һƬôڵУҹ欵ӰϢĳַǰ
Դ̤λ̹ټ֮ҹȻһɫȴѾٴǼĺˣΪѾԼҪ䡣
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ҹʩչӰΣĿԽԼڰΪһ壬⣬ҹҵ˽ԲͬӦǰ˫츳ıʵ졣
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23 ʱ׷
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
дڻϣһ
ԶһӰںڰҹ֣ͬһٴԽ


24 սǰ
ڵĽУϵԪƿٶġӳ׷ɢǰָѰַڣһʮӵľ룬˿ӡ
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ļ̹ٺĵӻ󣬳϶Գֵ˫ٴη仯ȶ
Ȼȴûзһ˿Ϊܹڸոսм̹ٲһµʱļεˣߡ
Ҫ֪Ҫһǧ֣ļεĻٴʮһҪ˵һ֡λ̹ʱ׬ȡһ֣Ȿһֲ顣
ĸƿֲˣȫλ̹٣ǵսжǿ
ڳ޷²⡣ҲԾͻ֪ҲԹ֮
¶ģļν̹ȴƽ
˶ϵԪƿ츳߼һļֱ̣׶೤ĳì״
һͣһʮʯʳìˢһȫ˳ȥ
Щʯìٶȷɿ죬·۾һ飬ֱһ̹١
С
粽
쫷ϡ
ˣ˲ͬļܣжܵģзģҲֱӶԹġ
Ȼȴʧġ
ʯìסˣˣҲб˵ġʮʯìǻӣ跨Կìͬʱһļν̹ٷĹ
ܼ򵥵һţԶʮĵϣһһ׶೤ļϸشͻȻ
ֵشϵԪƿؼļܣ˺һ㣬Ψһƾٶȿ죬û
ش̣ˣ˱ǻ̴˸һЩֻдȱ̴ǲΣȫش̶ʧȥж
ش̵̹üͷ΢壬ԼղŵһûɱԷκһ˶еܲ⡣ҽ̧Ȼ׼ٴ̤£ʧȥж֣оԵһ֮öԷȫ
ȻĶָոļν̹ҲһĴ˻̹ٵĴڣ˵Ǹûз˵Ĵڡ
ֻҽӴ˲䣬һֻıϮֱӶĺ֮С
ҽ˵ϣشȴ޷ʩչˡ
߾μԴʵǵ;ȴһʹʵ͡ڸո̤λ̹ʱͻļεĿֲֲ֣һٱȴֻһεҹʱҲֻǺıŰɱ
·ͻȻԱߵһļν̹ٸոշӦҪƿʯΪԼһףһ޴ӡѾһͷ¡
ء
ļν̹ٱַһýûվȣ͸еһǰλϣһذ׼¶мװߣһѪûմϡ
ַʱһ˹ҹʧķ´ĴָЩ׷ѾԶһЩҲȸղ˼
ӵ¶һ˿⣬ԼЩµеʮֲ޲óʱ磬ЩĶȫնйߡ
ֻһͷַѾǰ˫಻ףַͫУɫ֮𻺻ת
һʮɫɵ·ǹɨһƵʺ
նļλնҲһˡַ汾ǴǬȡ˫¡磬һͷм䣬λĵӵǰ
նӹɣļν̹ʹԴ޷ƵĲҽС˻мĵӵ¶⡣

ַһ˫ĿѾɴһµĳ̶ȣĿڲѪ˿۰׳£ԵøײС
ӱַıŲˣȫԼȶԷҪһʱѾ˲Լĵݣ¶˱ʱҪı飬˫Žˣͬʱһġ
ᡣ
ذ״̳ȴͣ˾ǰķֺ֮䣬һĻӵ棬ַұۻӳʱЯľ˶Էĳȴʼ޷ٽһ֡

ӷĴЦղѾΪԼҪˣȻǼȴûֽٺĸоͷޱ泩ַһУûԥ˺˫¡У˳йڴնлָһļν̹ٸ
ĶӢۼذӲмװ̴ȻʮɵĽаһгΡ
Ѫų˳϶ʱһƬѪȣʱոմնʹмֹļν̹ǡ˫ۣÿԼλΪΡƤ⻹һ𣬵۵ʱ򣬺öԼĽźϡ


25 ƽ
һ˲䣬ļνֻ̹ʣһˣҹһһַ˳ֶΪ
ڼ䣬ַ滹ĵӽһδɱֻϧΪһĶһ
ַذնļν̹֮ûٻӶ˼Ѹ˵˰֮⣬һս״󽣴Ǭȡֵķʽ
ȻѴ󽣵ĲѾַڵҪնϼʯìش̻ǲġ
ˢһ
ЩϵԪƿϵʯìش̱һնϡλ̹ǿʹĽЩ˵ĵش̴ӴȻǻаγȻʹ˸߼ָҩ
Щ߼ָҩҩǶһЩǲмĴ˻мЧģѾûղʧѪˡֻд˵˸վˡ
׵ڸϵʱ򣬾ϲķһֱĵַ𡣷ԼԮ˸ˡ
ٿˣǲ˵ʮ࣬ǵϺŵʮʬܿЩڸոյսûֵ˿ô
׼Ծַǰϲַ棬û°ɣ
ַҡͷһû¡ǰ죬ˡ
ײ˼ЦЦͻȻָŲ෽ʵôôЩˣأ
ˡ
ַ浭аʮڻʣʮˡ
ʱѾ½ʮ˸е׸ǰλ̹ңݣַĻǸе𺳡漣츳߹Ȼͬһ㡣
˫Ա£նԳ֣һߣʮλ̹ȫϵһʮλ̹Ҳͬʱ롣
ʱѾ࣬ȻѪսǱ˵ʲô˫Ѿ׼ֻһ±Ҫһ
ɱѽ
֪˭һ䣬ս˲䱬ԪʼۣͷšʼѪԷһܿѾȫռϷ硣
ԷԷʣļν̹վһ𣬶е˶ĬĽԷĵַ档
ַ棬ץģıмֵ
Էĸֶս׻Ѱַ棬Ȼֲûд̫ѹ
֪
ַһɤӣѾȵĲӣսӱ˹ȥ
ֶַѾ̵ļʶˣԷԼһҧݺݵΪģξƴų˯һ꣬ҲҪǡ
˵ţӻȡſռ佺ҡһֶ˳ȥ
硯
һռ佺зųһѽɫ޹Σһռ佺ͷųһᡣ
ڵ׽ƣϱнɫͷ˸һͲǷƷ
һѳᣬٺȵ׼Ѱɣƽޡ
һ֮ӵ˫Ʈˢһ±˽ȥ֮Уһɫ޻˳ǰѽɫ޹С
ڰɫɫεͬʱأʽŹֵĽɫξȻˡ

޹ϣеĹʼϿȻϣһؽڽĿһ֮ɫѾȫ˸ӣһߴ׵á
ַӦõõͷǹУһ֮ȼգ⾹Ȼһ
һ׼ӵ˺Ǽģʱڵأ亹ֱð۾ЩˡɼЦĻƽޣλ̹ٵʵֳо޵УЩ˵ȫȥɡ
˵仰ήҵ۾˳˯
֮ǰȻѾƽ޷ָΪʱֻߴ׵ķ·һĻƽѾʼߵĵ˷˹
׳Ľɫצһɨָذ׻һ߳ĵ̹ٵֱۡ
λ̹һǰš
һ
ֻ֮ܳצ۲šˢˢĶγĽ¡
·Ӧڣһ󣬻ƽ޵Ҳ࣬˳һߵĹȣһԽһ̹ٵǰֹצȭֱһȭԷš
Ķһ֮츳ߣ츳֮£Էӽӽԡ
һȭ£һ̹ٵͷ­ҳһ飬ֱ˵ϣ
ԶǸǻƽ֣λ̹ټǾޣ羫֣С
һߴˣͬʱӴ˹ȣҪսȻ֮ززʹٶ࣬ҲҪ⣬ΪЩ˵޷ƻƽ޵ķ
ַ治ʲôǾޣĳźΪĵǣɫȫó
羫֮𲢲ʢ׼ŻѵҲϻ㡣ַ뵽
ͬʱУնĺɫɵȻŻƽ޵ͷλȻնȥ


26 ٹҹУϣ
ˡ
һ΢ڿռУԲǧ֮ڣǵ廹ˣĴһ˲
ַֻ⡣
ôܣ
ַ治ŵĵɴ۾
նӷΪֹδֱֵ
оͺһ㿴Ĥڻƽ޵֮ϣնĺɫɵڿҪնжԷʱ򣬾Ī赲⣬޷Իƽʵʵ˺

һʹĹӻƽ޵Ŀ·ܵ˼ʹ࣬˫ֱͷŭ
Ȼֻһ˲ָ֮˹
ƽŭˣ֮Ծĸʢŭһߵ޳΢΢¶ףַ棬ڡһ
ÿ졣
ַ˫ĿͫȻСӰڼ䲻ݷ֮ʷŲ෽ƽƳȥ
ƽӴַͷŵӰкᴩڽӰײɷͬʱצ͵Ų෽һָָ̣·ѸֵйΧĿ
ˢ
һѪɽַʮ֮⣬۴Ȼ׳˿ڡ
ƽһֲûֱͣһתַȥ
ַոյնȻû˵ȴ˼ʹࡣѾַ棬ԲԼĿֻ꣬׷ַһˡ
һֱʱ˲Ÿոմ»ع
ȥַ塣
״ڵһʱ䷢ַĴһ߶Կǰͬʱѵļν̹٣һ߳û˺
ʱ䣬ʮλַ̹ͻƽ޷ȥ
ַǵ漣츳ߣҲ˵ǵδ˵Ĺؼ֮һӵ֪츳ߵһ𣬾һֱӢԴʱѣе˷ܲԼס˺
ƽ˫צһȭ
ءء
ǰĵ˱һȭҷɳȥһҲ֪˶صˣڵغ󣬱һ˹ȥ
Ƕ֡λ̹ټλ̹ټ֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ
ƽ޸ַߣȺкᴩһ·צӣһ˷·һ㱻ҷɳȥв˱˲зϡ
⻹ǻƽޱַûǵĽλ̹ٵ壬ƽ޵һȭ޷ܣֱӱҳࡣ
ôһ裬ƽ޵ٶȲɱĽһЩ
ַûȻͷһɫɵ۽

ƽͻȻһͣסŲ˫ֱͷضҵĺС
նȻ޷ƻƽ֮ĪػȴԶǸĪػɼײе֮𡣸ƽɾʹĸо
˵ҵҪػжǿ
ַҲˣһɫɵнɳգۼ䷢ʮն깥
Ȼ𾪵ǣôննкǹػƽķû˿ļ
ַϷɱԷ뷨תǰսǲҪרʰˣȻȥס
ʮսҪĿֻҪԷʮʯȫݻٱʤ
ַۿ޷ɱƽޣ޷׷ɱôֻõ򷽿ЩǰⳡѪսˡ
лһؼ⡣
ûе˰æ赲ַܹùƽ޵׷ɱ
Ƿ񶨵ġ
ַն깥ƽ޺ܿʹлָ˹Ҳŭˣֱӳַ˹գۼ䵽ַǰ
ˢ
һצӳַӰΪ飬ûѪ쭳
ǽŻƽ޵ٴγһطצٴλ
Ӱ츳ܣǸ߼ٲһ߾硣ԭ˵һ˲䱬еǱͨٶһ˲ߵǰ弫޶౶ĵز
δﵽ̹ټʱַӰſԼʮٶȣ˵ĸо·һӰáַﵽ̹ټ󣬸߼ñˣȻӰٶȱøˣȴֻԼ屶ٶȡ
λ̹ٵ屶ٶȱͱλ̹ҪһЩӰͷŻҪЪǻ˲䡣Ϊλ̹ټĻƽȴҪͣ١
ԣַˡ
ۿַһѾ޿ɶ㣬һֻ˾޵İͻأĴӻƽ޵ı˳ݺݵĴƽ޵ͷϡ

һƽ޵ͷϱ̳һָͷСĶ
Ѹʧˡ
ͬʱģƽ޷ַ壬һצźХķƬ
ϧʲôû

ƽˣǼ򵥵ǻۣ·𻹸㲻ոշʲôֻٴתַȥԹ̵ַϡ
ͷϣǸָͷСĿնڼһʱڱٴϣһۼû¡


27 ٹҹУ£
̫ߣ˲ҹַߵĺڰд
ӢۼװԶԽǿ΢˺ΪҹУ޷ȫϾսʿδﵽλ̹ټӢۼ˵ֻǸӷѡ
ġ
ַƵһˣֻˡ
ӰһδηƽһδԸٶ׷ȻצӳַһѪӡ
ַȫƾԷٶȱȶԷ̫ࡣƽÿһηǸһ飬Ӱͷŵʱ΢һ˿ĲأֻζĽ֡
ô죿ô죿
ַԿٵ˼ͬʱӰʩչ
꣬һãֹؼʱ飬·
ն裬޷˺û˿ãٶ̫࣬ȥɡ
ǿڲٿַ壬ڿٵ˼ţӵͨԷֱӹĹԻƽãôʾأ
ַţˡ
аɫ֮תһ׹ַзɳʾ
׹⴩Խ˻ƽ޵ͷǣڽҪԷʱǵĪٴγˣ׹⵲ߡ
ȻַеϲǣǵסʾȴûӰʾá
һζλҵļַУллƽ޴ʱ
ɱɱɱ
ƽ޵Уֻ򵥵һ뷨
һצٴ̧𣬻δ¡
ַоѾ˻ƽι̬ʶģַ水նԸֹķʽܡ
ˢ
צַȴʮ֮⡣
ţô򵥣
ַһ£ſϲ
ȻͨʾԤǰϤ˻ƽ޽뷨漣ɶһ
ַɨܣսеѾ˵Ĳˣһĵ뿪ȥԷȥˣٹСʱⳡѪսҪԵʤˡ
ʾĳʱܳͷһδԼܹһңַڵǿȣȫ֧ŵɡ
¿㻹ôңնꡣ
ʾԤַ࣬żͷŸն꣬ǵûƽ޴ŭ
ͬʱҲڹ۲ԷĹʽ
Ҫ֪λ̹ټޣٶȸ߳λ̹һ⣬ǵսҲǼǿģַ;飬Ҳÿζ㲻Էצ
λ̹ȫˡеλ̹ٶ뿪ˣ¥ڿַû֮ǺҲ뿪ΪԼһȥˡ
ֳֻʣַƽ޻ڼҵ׷š
ˢˢˢ
ಡ
һδιצĹһδӰĶܡַ潥ָǿȹؼһЩɣͷʾ֮㿪ʼ˼ԷսɺԼĶܷʽԽԽˡ
ڣַֹͣʾͷţƾƽ
һӰڻƽ޵֣߳һͣٱֳһطʱһӰûɢ
ȻǵĵģַѾһ֮ͷųʮĵӰˡ
ӰĴʱһ룬һͷŶʮĵӰ͵ʱ̶жʮĸַͬʱսУѾٲ߾硪Ӱܴﵽĳ̶ȡ
أƽѾ޷ֱĸַˡ
ҾȻԴһ
ַЦһʱ䣬ʮĸַȫͣڳЦơ
ƽ޷ȥһַɱȴ޷ҵ
ʮĸӰʮĸڴϵĹꡣ⻹ֻǳڣԺʵиӰͬʱ֣иƵĹߵСԣҵ־ͽСٹҹС
ַЦٹҹУһٸһںҹߣ˭ܿĸң
ʮĵӰڷԲǧ֮εڳƣܣԾȭȣȫһģһ
һӰվڵսģͻȻһۣߵĺɫ֮ת
ɫֳɺվ֮ͫУЦкȵա
һɫ֮ոմЩȥƮ纣ɰٴһȫɺա

ҡɺߵ֮ڿٱգֶҺʮá
ʱַԣһߡʬ塯һ¡
ţ
ַϾȥԷ˭̲סЦ٣˶ȥȥˣĴڡ
ַһ߹ȥ۹ⱻԷеǸڵ׽ĵľ


28 Լ
ڵҹĻУһߴ׵Ļƽڷ׷ɱʮӰХķвʱһĹ˻
һַվһƬʬУͷŽµӣ΢΢ü
ӵбҲֹһ
ŵǸڵ׽Ƶľ϶֮һһһеƷͷһ֣кǿ
ַն깥ڵ״ַ̬ԼһɱԷǣԵ˵ߵȻмֵ
һūԻٱǰӲûʲô˳޵ô̳ˣɻǸ޴ۣ佻ĵ˵ֵܻȡı
ǣɱֿ»һֻͷţֻҪͷţôڵ׽Ƶľ޷õ֣Ҳ˵ɱһò֡
ֻܵȵѪսˡʱҵ츳ӦÿԵõǼڵ׽ƵľɡַֻܷѪսԷ˶ҪΪԼūԷϵıȻҲҪԼС

һֽд
ַعͷȥƽ޳Լ߳ΪԼһֱԼ˻ɡ
ôһˣλ̹ٺλ̹ٵĹ޷ƻⱦķ֣Ҳλ̹ټĹҲ޷ƻ
һַĶʮӰ˲ʧֻʣһվʬС
ಡһ
ַָһץַͬһӵץǰ
ƽ޵ĶͻȻһ£·ӦǰٻԼˣһת׼Ƶһ߹ַ档
ûǾͳնꡣ
һնڻƽ޵ͷڣҵʹٴνƽǵŭ
Ӿʹлָ󣬻ƽﻹǰ˭Ǽ򵥵УֻʣһͷǾɱַ档

һצ£ᡯһ͸ķ飬޳ָ׽ŻԵӡ
ַϽʩչӰܹȥӹһ١ͬʱŵڵ׽ƵľᣬһѶսǬְ̽Է䣬һʯƬ
ϧˣƷþˡ
ַ濴еʯƬϳһַƷֻƷƷܸߣӦǿԵֵλ̹ٵȫһΪù˼ΣԲűƽһġ
ƬַٴʩչٹҹУƽڹ֮Уͬʱȡڵ׽Ƶľᣬʼϸо
ʱ佥ȥƽûһ˿ƣӣַҲھ֣ٹҹзųӰӶʮĸʮӽʡ
ţȻһ츳ƷԷӡ꣬Ȼ֮ƶԷΪ츳ߣʹ֮Բ׼ķʽ߶
ַоôʱ䣬ҲԺڵ׽ƵľһЩ˽⣺ֻϱ߻ӵӡǴڣͺҵɺһ㣬ˣ֪ܲܰⱦ
ַüԥ̽̽Լꡣ
һ΢ն걻ų·һ̽˺ڵ׽Ƶľ֮УǿںھеһۿΪַҲһ˿ϲɫ
ʮӺ
׷ɱַĻƽͻȻһ٣ͷе֮ҵ˼£Ȼಡһͷ­дڳַеľᡣ
ʮӰʧַ泤ĳһЦˣںˣҵˡ
ȫַΪĸ϶֮㣬ʹɣʾйͨãҲٻЩаѡĸ
ַһҧѾһ«ұһ츳ܣȻ궼ʺⱦôܺ˱ˣͽͰϺˡ
·ԼƵģַ۰ɫ֮ʼתһ׹귢ڵ׽ƵľᵱС
ˡ
ַԺһͬʱеĺڵ׽ƾᡮһȼɫĻ
ֻһ˲䣬㻯Ϊ˻ҽ
ҽûʣ£·žûгֹһۼû¡
ͬʱַȴһոһĺڵ׽ƾᡣ
ͬʱҲһЩϢ
Լᣨ츳ࣩзӡ֮꣬ǩԼӡ֮ڷӡߣпܱӡ֮ιӡǿȡͷʱע֮츳߿ɰƷ
аɫ֮ȥַ¶һ˿΢Цߵƽ޵Ĺͷǰһ֣սǬ


29 
ǣʮ죬ڰ˽
е˶ΣȴԼ˵Ļع顣
ս֮з飬ϸܵģϾȺսһͽˣеڶֵ֣ȵȣҲΪشսóĵơֱ˿̣Ҳû֪Ѫսе˺̶ֳȡ
ʱ賿ĵˣۿСʱһһҹʱ޾ҪˣһĴ͹㳡ϣͻȻһâʢ
ˡ
ҵİ׹˺ҹе˶ɴ˫ۣ̲ס¶ϲɫ
Ͱ׹Խʢ˵ͻԽ࣬ѪսУͻ˶࣬ʹѪսʤˡرѪսѾȥʮŸСʱô˻߻ǱֻһܣǾǴʤ
׹ˣһӰڹ㳡ϡ
ЩУкܶ඼ѾˣеѾзϣһ֣͸㳡ϴһ˱ǵѪȻЩ˵ȴȫǴЦġ
һǧ˲μȺѪսջһǧʮˡսϴһ˵Ǵδ˵Ĵʤ
һѪսĴβ˫ƾСսǿߣ˭˵ʵȶԷǿࡣǣߺϣû˵ƽִʤ
ӭؼҡ
֪˭ôһ䣬˶
Ѫսô˻ŻǴңսϣֵû顣

ŨˮУַСϴϵѪա
ȺսѾСʱˣӲǱȹʮȥҪǽǿѪսûսȾƷҪˡ
ٲߺŮ⣬˶μⳡʢ칦磬ַ׵壬ΪѪսһҲס
ַ治㵽ԷսԲãҵ˶ԷڣɱԷʮλ̹٣иǽԷʵǿɱ˵Ѫսûַļ룬ʤҲǲʤпܻǲҰܡ
Ȼⳡ칦粻ֻ˵˵ȼƿƾģʵʵĽҲкַܶ࣬ǻˡ
ֿԶһΣԻϵͳĳ齱ᡣҪ֪ϵͳеĽɱȺеĽҪöˣ³鵽ģҲҪȺĶõĶࡣ
һѪսַ濿ɱ͵õ˾Űʮ֣ȺȺһǧַ֣޶Ľǧ֡һӾԶεĻˡ
ַ汾ֻһΣһһ»ѡ齱ᡣ
ڡһ
ַ˵ԡصУͷ¶ˮϣ·ʧһˮУšȴͬʱϵͳռ䡣
ʵϵͳռֻһУΪƽʱͬĻԼ˼άԶܺܳ鵽ʲô
ʾϣд̽֡
һɣȡΡʱޣһ¡齱һΡ
УμӱȺȡһʤ󽫿ʸ񡣣עʤ󽱿ʡ
ɣ2Σѡ齱ΡǷʼȡ
ϵͳ񣬻һǳפ
ΪĽǽһûгȡĻϣĴ󽱿ʻдȻַ񶼿ѡȡΪ˳ȡ󽱵ļʼӴַ滹סֻѡѡ齱һ
ȡѡ
Ĭͬʱ˵
õָ޴ת̿ʼתаӺ󣬿ʼ١
ϲһǷȡ
ţ
ַһ˾Ʒÿһкصãţƺ壬úúÿ
ͬʱһ׵Ľܳǰ
ࣩԪܼ֮ʹãҪһ߼Լ˺ǰ͵ص㣬ƽϰ
ַԡѡȡһСһһͷ
öؼʱ̱Ҫȥ֪ܻԪʯַЦ
ȡ꽱ַֿһۻֶһҩĳ齱ǰЩַѾǧ֣ȡмǿҺ߳ҺĻҲܹʮˡ
ַֻڶЩûΪǿҺֻܵһǿҲ֪ܲۼʹãƺпӦǲеģǿҺ˵ͶԼûˡ
ڵַ浹ǲΪһƳϼƿǿҺսߵ˶ﵽ̹ټˡⶫ̫УַҲ˭͵ġ
ˣЩˣȼȡһݽַٴλعϵͳռ䣬ʼȡڶν
ͬʱϵͳռ䣬ַֻ˺һ־⡣
ʱߵķͻȻˡ


30 Ⱥս
ַ챾ż齱ټϺ˵ƣźš
Ҫ֪ڰ˽ЩƷ¹ŽûʲôԶʲôġû˴һƾܽ
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죨ࣩӢۼ˫ָ󣬷޷ʹá
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ַһЦȷʵòôԪʯϾԪûԪԪʯҲ̫˷ʱˡ
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ַҡͷЦһҲûзϻʮöɢѪɫâԪ͸

ȺսУս˫ߵĺ͵ĶսеȵĺеȵĶսʤֱӽ֮俿ֽ
ΪѪսԣΪ˱֤Ѫս˫״̬ᰲڵһֽСĻһֵĶӦ߰ǧλ壬ʤҪѴ֮
ȻһΪѪս쳣࣬ڶļУĶǻǻعһЩȽСȺ
ÿһȺս󣬻Ϣʱ䣬ս죬Ҳһ֡
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һӢۣÿȺսжӾ޴áǰѾļΣŲǸλ̹ٶѡ
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ַԥһ¡
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һǲμӰɣҪŬԡַЦŵջѡ˳һ£ϾѪսҲνûʲôʧ
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ֲһ䣺Ҳ̫⣬ǸʥļһѾλ̹ټȼ߳һҲûʲôġ
ַͷ֪Ϊˡ
һ˵һⲽ칦ĳȥ
ĽֵսǴһӰǣʧڽͷַ棬¶ݵɫ
ʲôƨӢۣ˶ɵ漣츳ߣʲôʸӢۣʥȺսҪж³ʹҲܵõҲø㡣


31 
ʱܿȥȺս֣ʥĶԾϾҪʼ
չ涨߿ѡսģʽѡսء
սģʽֺ֣ܶǾģʽ˫˭ȴﵽĳĿʤ⻹ѪսģʽԹģʽģʽȵȡ
죬ʥѡսģʽӢģʽ
ӢģʽȺս˫ѡʮˣΪӢֻۡӢ۲ܽԷеضֻں󷽸赲ԷӢۡ
Ҳ˵һȫصĻ͵һǧһپʮ˷ضԷʮӢۣѶȿ֪
ˡһ
ս貵İ׹⣬ַȫһԴͽսС
ӿռ䴫͵ѣлַָ˵һۿľһ׸ߵľ޴ʯʯĺ󷽣һƬѤĻսĽޡ
תһߣ߽ǧ׵ĴֱڣһƬԭָ˰׵ƽͨ
رΪڣվƬΪֻе˫Ӣ۲ſԽ룬ǰͨԷǱߵĳһȻǽֱػ·һַϣｫ֣ӢԱ޷ڡ״űصĹΪѡ񳡵صʱսʱ̫ӽֱʱлá
±һԱλáһߺţһóһŵᣬһ֣ŶԷλá
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ᡣ
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ʯҲаʮأһλ̹ٺƶսʿƶʯٶҲ̫죬нУǺ׳ΪԷİӣ
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ʮսͬսУ·֮Ҫ໥֧ԮʮѡӢ֮⣬˶Ҫܵ򣬲תͨ
Ϊλ̹ٵٶޣϹ̶һͨͲٸıˣڶսУҪġܱԷӴѡһػٵͨǻʤĹؼ
ȫǰ츳ߡʱһͬʱʧˡ
սַ˺ܿսʱʥһûˡ
ҲͨעⲻҪºۼ
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ţ
ַͻȻüͷһ壬֮ɢͻȻɴ۾ȵСġ
ݡ
ӳ̵ļ״·һһڰ֮м
˫ܽҺַѣ˻ˡ
ȣȥ
һֶܴ󺺶ܼİȻӰгȥ
Ҳ˸ԵķӦ֪Էİ츳ð͵Ϯˣһͷ츳ܣֱӳɱȥ˲˷Ӧ
̫ˡ
ַԿҡͷ̫鲻侲ûзֶԷͿʼͷԪƿؼܺը̫˷Ԫ
˵˵ȻսѾ죬ַȻֻԱ߿ۡ
һٳȥĿȴǺڰ򣬶һôĺߡѾһѺذס


32 
ۡ
󱬳һ̣Ǹ̵߽ڻٺˡ
ַҪӺдͻȻǿñ̽ӴĴԼٶȸʴڻ
Ѹͣ¼ǰΣַۺɫ֮תһɫɵ˲䷢
նꡣ
ء
һ˴Ӻ̺󷽵ͷǿŲʹ
ַϷŹһʮննԷ꣬ʾ׵ĿʼȡԷԺеϢ
ߴĹ̻ԻͣʮŸ׳Ľɫڵڸ
һ̨̨͵ʯףʮŽףϷһ̨̨һϯһ۵ĿӶ֮ϣӸµǰ̨֮µһˣĮ
̬ǫͷ˵ʲô֮΢΢̧ͷҪ̨ϷĿкα顣Ȼڻû̧ΪûǸ
ⳡ̸ʱ䲻̨ϵǿӲοڣ˵仰仰̨˵õҪĴ𰸡
ַͨʾ¼һ㣬ӽ츳ߵĽǶȿ̸ݡüͷ
ת뿪˲䣬ַ濴ģ
ơ
ַ۾ɱʱһֻһϸСķ϶
׶ԷΪʲôֻһ˾͹͵ϮˡΪԷ˹Ͳ͵Ϯ飬ġǵĿģҪַ棬Ƴ
ַʾôೡȺսȻûйҲѾ˲²һЩ
ƽַ츳ʥ壬öԷɱַ档û뵽һתۣԼʥˡ
ˢһһСͿռų֣ǰʥ尵츳߱ɣ˳ս
ô£
е˳ǰǸոչ˵طֱַ潫סʩչʾõϢ󣬲Ÿ˹
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ʱҲͨڴ˳ҪҲˣʥ߳ϾҪˡ
мͨ
׵ϣͷмͨͬʱȥʷģмͨ
ʮ˿ٳмͨʱʥѾ˫ʼֶ롣
·УûõģΪһĻ̫һԷ֪Էλ̹һ𹥴ĳһͨλ̹ٻҪȳ嵽תֹͨ
˻ûܵͱˡڱɵսԡ
ȫԱҲȡûλ̹٣ʣµλ̹ҪסԷʮӢҲסҪ֪λ̹ٻ츳ƿţڲܽ£ʵ½˺ֹʮ
Դ󲿷ֲμӶսˣǲõĳȣʮ˽ʣµƽͨ
ֻʱ鲢һҪƽķȥչ
ַ˳мͨ󲻵ӣһӶʮ˵ĶҲͨţͨڣҲһӶʮ˵ʥλ̹ٳ˳ʷȴûѶ
ʥԱмͨϣûнǸַ˵ĺߣмͨ˻ȥ

ַڳ׵˺ͷЩܸо©ʲô
۽ƳһôӰַͻȻһ£šʥˡ
ʥȻԷһ츳ǱǣΪʲôܷŵڶŵ¶ǷǱأһֱڹ۲ǵĶô˶мͨʥ᲻ӺΧ׷½أ
ַԽԽ⣬ԷڱԼһʱ䰲ǱûֻһˣϾսҪǸ仯лȻҪ׼
룬ַҪԼ뷨֪ףҹӰȴô˵ǰ¶˳
ûЩΪʲôҲͨҹֱӼƽ˵ʥߣʮļν̹٣жʮλ̹١ոտʼܿҪˡ
ʲô
׵ɴ۾ѵҪ·һ
Ϣ֤ʵַĲ²⣬ҲͨѾȷʥɳ˶飬мͨҲѾʼ룬ͨӦҲѾˡ
Էܿܲ·һҪΧɱԼЩˡ
Сģ˴ǺǱйˡ
ҹһƽͬʱӰڰС


33 ֮
ַҹ֮󣬵ڶӦģ֮ɢȥ˲ⷢǱе츳ߡ
ôవ츳ߣ
ַ氵̾һ䣬Լжϡ
Ҫ֪츳ǳ츳̫࣬ʥλ̹ټİ츳߶ɳˣȻʮ鹤ġôֵܲطá
а츳Ǳйַѵ׼ҽŪ
һ˵ַۣ꣬ɫ֮ת˵ն걻ͷųȥֱնһˡ


һҽУʹԳӰ׵˶ʱһӵϡ
ѪսȨۿԼѾ֣ܵ˹ϿţȫѡȨ뿪
סնĹԴٺˣ͸ںڰдֻܿţûȫ¶
ôܣ
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ַ濴ո˵ˣͨʾ츳ԺпǸϵĿӡ
˭ô֪ҵ츳ܽնꣿַ֪ʡ
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ַһ֣ءһһִ˹ٴνϣϡ
ݺַɱ˼һȻȺսĴҲҪԼڸԼɱɣַôܷߣ
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͡һһѪˮԽ


34 ռ
ذϣһκɫҺ建䣬ڵϡƵһ˫ʵ۾˵ڵأĿ
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׵սս˶ˣƴȫɱҪͻưΧȥ֧Ԯַ棬ȻΪͷ֮Ȫλ̹ٴڣǼαǿеء
ؼʱ̣Щʥλ̹Ҳƴȫȵֻ಻١λ̹ٸ˹룬ֻʣ²ˡ
ַȻҪһЩȫĸڶսʥĽսǳ츳ߣʣȫǸ߼츳ߣַһ漣츳ߺ츳ߣһֻλ̹ټǾޡ
˫ɱʮӣַһһȫֻʣʥ̫һˣһ츳ľ
ء
ء
ء
һصԽԽ
ط΢𶯡
˶ȫһЩ˸ֱӽĿתԶ
֮ˡ
֮ˣСˣҪʤˡ
֮ˣֵץʱɱЩʥȫַǶ
˶Ҳֳذףʥ̫ӵַ档
֮ˣɱң֮ҲɱǣѾ´ɱǵûҵָʾͣ֡ʥ̫Ŀ˵ɣңҾͷŹˣֻҪǩսԼҾͷŹˡ
ַкԥӲȻתʯȥ
Сǣ¥ҹǰ·սһƳ
á
սһȣȻһ
Ѫ񱩡
ѪҺȼա
츳ܵӣսһʱʮ
һƶһ֣˺ʯݵĵ˳
ʱСΪնǰһʮ׿·
Űס
˰ס߰ס
ס
ַսٶԽԽ죬ȻǵĵʱȴҲԽԽˡ
ڣ֮ӰҲصķ


40 ֮
֮ˣɱЩˡ
ɱɱɱɱǡ
ʥҲϣʥ˶ڷš
ǵۺʵԶڵ壬û뵽ڣԼһơǸеʮֱ
ۼ֮ǵлᷢйˡ
֮ס⼸ˡʥ̫ƴ֮

žž
֮Ӷֱ۴ֵֻһֳͽʮλ̹ٳɳȥмˣм˼ͷ
ʣµĵ˸Ͻ󳷣޷赲˿ȥԸʥˡ
ڡڡڡ
֮ŲĲַȥ·ϵ˶Զܿ˸ҵܵ
ٶʮף͡
ַսѾƴȫٶ޷ٿˡ
н̹٣Զ̴ɱǸѪҺ츳ߡʥ̫ӷ
ʱ䣬ʥˣһЩڵֵ˽޷ճͬʱԪȡԶ̹ս乥
ߣǹȥַͺս׶Ӣۺȵ
ʥŵȫӢ۲ͬӢ۴Ƚȫƣӳ֣ԷӢ۶սսʿȫ뱸ʱڳҳ˶ԷĶ
Զ˶ַսͷųǽͱܷ
䡭
ء
ٵǧ׶䵽ַսڣ˲ǽͱܡȻΪ̫ԶʣѾٲһԾɲһܹסġ
ۡ
ս츳ѪҺȼնг˺ʱʹʱ̫ټϹҪĿʱˡ
ַҲܣһֱ۹ۣһֻ첲òֻʣһ֧ţԾɲϷ
͵ڱūۣ͵
ܷƴˡ
ƴˡ
ַ˻ţƴȫһ̣ļȫ˼״̬һά񱩵߶¸ѡ
ͻȻ
žһ
ϸ΢˭޷ַ𡣽һžʼԽԽܼ
ϸѣַھ޴ѹڽˡ
һɰַӿ֮Ȼʢͻλ̹ټƣٴʹһ˿ܵӰ죬ʼš


ʱ䣬ַ˽˲
ȻⶼҪġ
ַϵͳռ䡣ʱռʾϣѾʾɵ츳ȡһΡ
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ת̿ʼתԽԽ졣
֮Ѿ˶׸ߵһ̤ʮףʹߵʱҲϹˡ
žžžž
һ·ɨٵĳţÿһĹȵһͨλ̹ȫһ
СǣȥַȵҪΪ齱ȡʱ䡣
ֻҪӣֻҪӣͻһ츳ܣ߶һƷҲܹıսֵĹؼ
ͬʱַ˿ͣٴƶʯǰ
ΪԭʹͷѪҺȼ츳սҲ̫ࡣ
࡯
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ɱҷ
ʥ̫ƴУָ֮еʥ˶ַ濪
ַ塣
˳һͷ㺮ܣҲ嵽ַ汳󣬵ַܵϡ
ӢҲԾԼȫһƴȫͷһַĶϱ۸ҲĹ츳˵ϡ
䡭
ٴν٣ַҪĿ꣬йȫ
㺮ܻһոͷųǽڵһʱ촷ۡųױһ˳ȥźֱ˫˫ۡ
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ڴʱʣĹѾ࣬Ӣ۳ַ浲סĹ
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Σ츳ܻۣ֮Ƿȡ
ȡ
Σ츳ܻ֮ۡ
ַϽ鿴ڻ֮۵Ľܡ
ۣ֮츳ܡͨ겨ӰԷʹԷ˼άйٰԼķʽСǿȵڶԷܷɡ
һǿĻþܣͨþҪ߶Ϊý飬ֻҪһЩȫԶܹȥ
ֱ֮ȥӰԷ޷
ꡣ
ַԥĽܴϡ
֪֪˲ܰսʤʾϻۣܹ֮õķӻ֮۵


41 ʤ
֮ʮͬʱǰ赲ԼĻƽޣʮʱ䣬ƽ޵Ļ㱻ϣ弶κ߼֮Ĳʮԡ
ۿ֮Ѿַ治ףʯʯһٶ׵ľ룬ҪȥˡַͻȻͣ
ˢˢˢˢ
ַһ̤ʮ˵Ӱλ̹ټʱһ֮֮䴩
֮ٸһӶͬʱʮ˸ַ棬ȻЩӰʧִһط֣ʼ޷õ
̵ľ봩ַ֮ɢҵĽɫͷмս˫ָ߸߾͵سԱ߲Զʥ̫ӿȥ
ʲôʱˣɱңʥ̫ӴһĵĳЦַڶʱƵʮػ֮ı
սݺ䣬ֻۡһһػ֮ôˡ
Ȼǵ飬飬
ַٶȷɿ죬ÿһ֮ͨλ̹ҲѷɫתۼѾػ֮
ʱ֮Ÿոתַ滹а֮Զ
ˣɱң֮һֱǵȫɱſϰݡֻҲͣ¡ʥ̫ӵг塣û뵽ַ湥ôǿ
ַܣսϾ䡣
ڣһػ֮Ҳžһˡ
ַûмһץʥ̫ӵǰǿľƳɵһ˷ĩ
նꡣ
ʾ
֮ۡ
ַ漸һ˲ͬʱͷ츳ܡ
ûľıʥ̫ӵնն·޷ܵʹʾͻ֮۳롭
ʹʧʥ̫ӽ˹
ôˣʲô񣿷ʲôʥ̫ɻˡУʥһΣߣԼȫȸԾţʤ
֮֮أܻ֮䡣ʥ̫ӴתѰš
ȻȴһĻеĻ档
֮𣿡
ַЦĴǰ֮ɨһۣɫһɱ
֮ʮ˱۵ַĻضٻӶȫָʥ̫ӵڡ
ͣ£ͣ£׼
ʥ̫ԴſڵϣЪ˹Ĵš
Ѿַ֮۵ĻУǰһУһУһУȫַġ
Ҫͣ£ͣ
ʥֻ̫ڻþУʵҲš
ǰ֮⣬֮ѾӶֱ۴ֵޣۿҪַϣͻȻյʥ̫ӵͣ
Ȼս˫Ҳͣ

ǣʮ졣ڵʮ˽㳡ϡ
һܼİ׹һǧһٶ˱˻
ⳡȺսٴδʤֻʧ˶ʮˡеһǧһλ̹ûпʲôӾͱ˻
ⳡսʥ̫ӱַû֮ۿƵһ̣Ѿֳʤ
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ַɼܣ԰ȥ̺츳ֻҪ㹻ľ츳ַʹ֮ӽڶһźܴĵơ
Լַ͸˳ףʥ̫ǩԼΪ˸廻ȡ棬ַ治ϲ㽻ס
ⳡս󣬵ĻԾһ֮ڣڵھʮλϡ
λ̹̫࣬ʣµȺսѾ˳ߵսû̫ǿĺֵĻɼǵճɼˡ
ȺսҲ뿪˳ˣַҲһͬ뿪Ͼ¥ҹڶѾλ̹٣ȫȺսл쵽ļΣٴֳǣѾЩСˡ
Ҫ֪Щ˲漣츳߾ǳ츳ߣܲܰѱʱָϡ
ߵʱ䶨ڵڶ硣Ȼͱ硣
һٺַ֮汻˷˻
Щڴϣȫɣ۾ԼڱСȴϵͳռС
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һɣȡΡʱޣһ¡齱һΡ
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ַһɰٷ֮߰ٳ̶ȵѾͨС
ľ飬ÿοַ涼д󽱡ַ沢Ϊɺϣϵͳ趨ڴģɶȳٷ֮ٵ᲻רΪƴ׼ġ
ַһȻƽѡ񣺡ȡʼ


42 ռ
ٷ֮߰ٵĴ󽱿ַٿƴ󽱵ʱһָоһ
ôϵͳĽӴҪ˵ϵͳĽȡģַôšôɣÿγȡĽԼҪĶ
ַӵһγ齱ʱ͸оϵͳӦǾһܵģΪǰԪֵĽܣ·޵ķʽָԼѡ񣬻߲ԼĹ۲
ҲΪˣַȷλ鵽ƴ󽱡
ָָ㷽ת̿ʼת
һУǰһ
ַһָоһο϶ܳƴ󽱡
ӵʱ䣬ת죬ɿ쵽ָƴ󽱵λá
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һָͣˣַһͣƴ󽱵λϡ
Σ鵽ռ󽱡Ƿȡ
ַǹ𣬹ճһ˿΢Ц
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ռַֹһ䡣
һ񣿡
ַһãʲôٽһ񣿡
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ˣôսӦúɣԸҪʧַڴϣҡҡͷ˯ȥ

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׹ַ˱ȥ
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43 ħ
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ַԺеĳϵͳӦһƼеͬʱ˹һЩܡȻһĴԡ
ħǰ츳Ʒֻܴڲϣַʹ߶Ϥ
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44 
˳ǣսרΪǿٵĳУǿԵõ̶޵ıи֮ͬսᣬ˵սطҪƽһЩ
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46 Ŀ꣺
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2 Ҷʮ
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3 ȳ
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ַϸڽϴܵǿеǿҲķɡ
û뵽мǿҩЧôãһֻܳȡһмҩȴܹȡһٴмǿҩǳȡмǿҩ㣿ַЩ⡣
²˼Щʱ򣬷ǿҩֱַۣٴδһƿмǿҩ¡
Ǹղһַĸɢλ
ţԣôôûбգǴëɢ
ַ淢֣ǿҩ񲢲ܽҩ̺ȫգһɢ⡣


9 ȡ
˼Ƭַ̣ٴѡ˶һȡ᣺һһֶһһٴγȡ
ΣһɹǷȡ
ȡ
ַûԥһȡ˶ʮΣֳƿǿҩʮƿҩ
Գǿҩô뷨ַٴηһƿǿҩ
һǿַ΢΢üһǿĸСˣֻиղһεĶ֮һ
һηǿҺַǿɡڶǿɣθ٣ǿȻһɣÿһζǰһǿЧһټȥпЧ͵Ժԡ
һΡַҧĴηǿҩ
ϣһεǿЧϴֽһ
ǿѾǼˣĴηüûʲôЧ˷ѡ罫ЩǿҺ߷ָˡ
ַԼ²⵽ϵͳֶһ񣬺ΪԼԺ£˲
ÿһǿҩƿַʺ;񶼵õ˾޴ǿ
һǿӰϸ;ʱ䣬䲢ͻ
һмȡ
ַһ£ϵͳֶһ˴мȡһֶһһٴγȡ
һɹǷʼȡ
ʼȡ
תһοʼתַ۾ĹעÿһγȡĽѰҹɡ
ȻÿһγȡǶģȡٶΣмҩļҲ֮һǴһǶγ齱кʮγ齱еļȴ
ǰĵϣܶϷбǿѧȻַǰûϷĵϸѾûϷĴڣⲢֵַѧǳо
ʮεĳȡԱȣַ淢֣аƿҺȡĵʱеģƿȡλߴʱУֻһƿҩַʮʱųС
ȳγҩȫУ֮ٻɳȡռֱ࣬С
ַƶ˳ȡʽȻٴοʼۻҵĳȡ
ΡϲмǿҩݣһƿǷȡ
ΡϲóҩһƿǷȡ
Ρ
Ρ
һεַ治ͣż޴齱ת̲Ͽתֻͣ£һƿƿҩȡ˳
ΡϲмҩһƿǷȡ
ַһŵڶʹмȡᣬͳȡһƿмҩ˴εĻֶһ齱ŸտʼѾﵽеԤڡ
ȡ
Ѿ˱һƿҺַ淴ӷɣʣĳȡҲȫù⡣
һСʱַϵͳռ˳ǰһѸҩڷ
ƿмҩƿ߼ǿҩʮƿҩһʮһƿмǿҩʣĴǳȡ˿հףûκν

ҹɫڣ޸Уһ˿
ҹɫڸ£һɫϢĴ׸߿зɹûκ˷쳣
ƵαװԣαװɰƣҹȻҲαװƣΧĻΪһ壬Խͺܶ౻˷ֵĿܡ
ಡ
һչһڵַƵӰಡһ´Խ룬ΪһڵʧԶ
ԭҪһСʱܵ죬İ£ʮӾͷɵˡٶȱǰʮ
ȻҲƵЧַΪλ̹кܴϵһʶʱߣٶȣǾ츳ȫõǿ
ಡ
ַ潵䣬ǰһȺޣԼһͷƽޡ
ӸλÿʼһѾ֮Уһ޴ʨӺַĿз
𡫡
Բʽʵʵһֱɢ׿㽥ƽϢ

ʮֻ޻ͷѣڡһȫ˷顣ʮ֮Ӱ޵ͷƮɢֳ«ಡһȫ˽ȥ
ֻƽ޻һЩǿסַĹ
ȻַһʮֳĺɫŻնᡯһն꣬ɱ
ַ濴ûпһֻۣеһա
ȻһѸԶȥ
ʱ̨˴Ѷá¬սչַոսλ̹ټ껹кܴռ䣬óʣµһҹʱһЩҺɣǿһЩʵ
ͬʱַоԼӦÿɱ׵ʯˣҪСٴθһٴޡ
һҹɱַɺУѾΣȫһڵ«ҺҲѾˣѾﵽλ̹ټ۷״̬޷ٴ
ʲôʱܹһļܻ츳Ʒͺˡַ΢̾һ䣬Ц
һεĽҲ൱ǿĺڴ


10 ССܵĶԿϣ
ַѾɳĵλ̹ټ۷壬´ν֮ǰӦûиռˡ
ҺҲѾռϧһֱûҵһͷʯޣַƬ췶ΧڣʯӦò࣬һʱҲһҵõֻǰ򽭳С
սʱ䶨磬һʱ䣬ַĶûȥһֱ̨УԶսߵݣΧۿ˵ս
ÿսУ˶ǲμӵս
һֻ߼ֻǾԼսԼׯ׬ȡʽ
Ȼкܶ˲ľֵĻϣΪĿսͨһЩԼ޷ɱľ޶սʱʤˣ׬һѣһˣȻĽ֡
һʱ䣬һսһӦս
ַÿһ˶սûѺֻ̫࣬ǴˣʵķֱѹһԪʯڼϣС׬һټʮ
ʱϿҪˣ̨е˽
ַ濴λ̹ٽӦǳ档
Щ˶רŵĽӴ죬̨¥ĹУǵļ£ľֵĲνڽڿս֮ǰѾһߵ
ַеǣһԼá¬֮ȴ1:1.6ҡ
ַףӦ˿Լ츳ߵĽһ漣츳ϣʲô漣пܷģЩѹԼäĿġ
һŮԹԱС˹ַǰվľϹãַսʱҪˣ׼ʮӺʽʼս
ַ˵ͷŮӵ΢Ц˿ִʮԪʯԷ
ллַŮٴ΢Цлȥ
ʮʱ䣬ת˲ţְֳַɫ1ź봫Ŵ롣
Ϥĳأտįһ̨ĵĤ⣬ûκζĴڡ
ַĶá¬ʮĤһߣЩ̧ͷһַ¶һ˿˷ܵɡ
츳ߣ
á¬Щϲĺ
ַȻشվ۲ԼĶ֡
á¬Ӧòһߣϴһص۾۾ֻһ룬ϣʱڲϵɢһɫâɨַȫ
ȫԶǿͨ˺ܶ࣬Ψ겨ǿףӦ츳ɡá¬Щ˷ܵ૵û뵽Ҷʮ֮оţؼŸոմﵽλ̹ټǧѷĻᡣ
ַ뿨˹սʱλ̹ټ˾ַֻ֪츳ߵϢֻг˲֪á¬ڵˣûƾַһûκκۼնжϳַ츳ߣֻĽǲ
á¬ʮּΪսֳĹ⣬һûʹùĹ
Ǿǡ과Լ
ۿмĤѾӽʧá¬ͻȻſк과Լ
տ̨УһĮӦ׼
ַüͷһ과ԼãսУ과ԼʧһҪĽֱ֣ӳΪԷԼū
ɲսԼԼսԼãɨǰѩ˭ΥǼҵԼкܶ˾ΪӱսԼġֻʵЧġ
һǩ과Լ߱ϵԷһ֮䣬ɱꡣ
Ҫ֪Ķ֮һҪ̶˵û˰꣬һһǣ˭ܻ
과ԼҪǧԪʯá¬ۣһʤôǮֻҪп۳ɣֱ̨׼롣
ǧԪʯһ과Լ㻹áַЦ
ǵȻһ漣츳߿޼۵ģôһԼūǧԪʯʲôá¬Ц˵
ַ˵ͷܺãиԭǾ˺ԴңҺԴˣȻҲСܣǿļֵҲǧķϣսҲΪū
ɡ֮£Ƽͬ޵У漣츳ߣҲһΣҲӮҡá¬һ䡣
ۿĤҪ飬ȳ֣ˢˢˢˢһͷų̨ˣԶսһһϵȭͷСĽ
սֱֳִ󽣣شгǹʽȷԶǷΪܼ幥Ⱥֻˡ
̨ˣ̨صͬÿһ̨ǰߣǵڶľαʽΡϣʵ߼ν̹١
֮£Ƽͬ޵仰ƽ˵ġ
ڿսУڵĴУڶĽٵģǵİ˾̹ȷҲȲ˵ġ
ҪΪ˼ν̹٣Ψһǣɱһ
ӵеĽ٣ȴɱİ˾̹٣ԭǣӵܹɱǿߵĳǿƼ
ֻҪһλ̹㹻ĸߴһʵͨٽûпܵ顣
ȻƼҲҪãǹɱˣ۾ϵ˵ıٶҲ޷ɱԷ޵֮ǰһͬ׵˵
Ƽͬ޵У漣츳ȴǿԽɱУַǸոսλ̹٣á¬Ҳ˿⡣
ַվá¬Ķ棬Ų̋ʽĻˣЦСҵСܿɱء


11 ССܵĶԿ£
ַЦһһ˦һ͸ʯ˳ͬʱѿԼᣬһɫ޻צĴзɳ˲ʯͷС

ʯ޴ӵһǰĶŶá¬˸ŵı顣
۷ʯޣá¬ɫ΢΢һ¡
Ȼ⻹ֻǿʼ
ַ֮תͻȻһ˿˿֮ϰΪһС꣬ǰĶħ֮С
ַ츳ܣѡ
һʮС꣬ͬʱסʮħУַλ̹ټǿ츳֧£ʮħȫͬʱ˳
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ǳƵۣƻ־깥ûáá¬Ц
֮һ֣깥;кܴĹ֮ͬͬۿơ
ʾ
ַ۰Ȼ谭սá¬ԺС
һݵĻַг֣һš
ţȻﵽ̶ֳˣǧԪʯôūȷʵܻ㡣
ַʾûз̫ãֻ˵á¬ǿȴﵽһĸ߶ȣӦǴڣ򽫾ĵһ˵гΪǱ
ʾûã֮ȻҲ޷ʹãַһһɱ
ʯ޴ʱѾ޴ĹǰźХķǰҳǸһֱػá¬ԵķͻȻǰȥӵǰ
ѡ
˺ʯҲͬ˫ƾС
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һֱ۳ĵͷգ׸ߵλϿʼѣΪָͷСը¡
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սǰ̨һֱ߽Ͻǽڵλãȫһαըǡһħˡ
жùĵǣȺҪһöʽɫ멵ͷʿѾһǰ
ߵʿǹһâ̴Ⱥ˵Ľ䶤ڵϣȻ͵ǰ޴Ⱥ˶˵صףӲʯ淢ϵسײ
䡣
Ⱥ˱ըͷʿսһ䵽ϡ
幥˫ƽһǿ漤ڣʮϸСļľ淴£ۺϵһȻۼɼٶַķ
һĹλַȲһԶʤɾԵӰ졣
Ȼַδ̹ټǰйɹܼڵľ飬ʱѾﵽλ̹ټôܻᱻּ򵥶ֱӵĹУ
һΣַ滯ΪʮӰɢ̨УʧȥĿֻ꣬ܽĿָСǡ
ಡһ
Ĵָļʯ޵ͷ­
ַʾͻ֮ͬʱڼⷢǰ㼸䣬ʯ˶յ
ડһһأʯ޵İǰһûˣû˵֮˴󰭡
ͷħȮڤǵʱҲһ˽˵ڵء
ŭСǸǰڵĳ˹Ӿҡ
꣬꣬ꡭ
һʮ£˵֫ͷ­ȫҳ˷顣
Ŵǰʯһŭ𣬿ϧΪûˣֻŭĶȴҲǡ
ֱǧ׵ĿռΪڶٻ޺ͻ˲սЩСս˶̶Ƭ̱㷢ը
ַĶħѾʮֻɺ˶ħá¬Ѿʧ̨ˡֻʣһֳִ̨󽣵Ľս̨Լǿܼ˻ƴĵֿҲѾ֧Ų˶ˡ
ʮħսսˣһؼַĶħһСڲٿأ̨սȴҪķá¬ܴľơܴ棬á¬ĲٿѾǼǿˡ
֪һ̨ߴˣųɣһ˿ʤĻᶼûС
ۿ̨˿ҪԼĶħСǴ򱬣ַ˵
٣һθߴҪһǧԪʯսҪķѸ࣬һҪǧԪʯʡԪʯģû뵽̨ˣ¿ɿˡ
á¬Ц˵һ㶼Լʧܡ
ִսȡһöռ佺ңĴָϱߵĺɫһǰ
Ŀռ佺ңá¬һһͷ߰Ķǰַ˵Ҷʮν꣬㻹ǵһҪóߴˣĵϣܹŹһӡ


12 ߡߴ
ĴָСĿռ佺ڿз裬һرĻߺ˵档
Ҳǵ̫Ӳֻǿռ佺̫ߵһΣҲһܽӴһǣ֪ʲôƳɵĿռ佺ҾȻһžĴ
ռ佺ˣ
ںм䣬ǵ⹤ϵߴһΪȷֱ̬Ȼˡ
ţǴĿİ׹һš
ڡ
׹һ̻ƣַǰѾһ̨ΪĻס
ȫûͨ׵ָ׸о̨ʮ׶ߵĻԵݶɫĽƤθʮ㣬Ӧúܾԡȭ洦ĸʮֳȭӦΨһ¶֮⣬ֻҴȵ࣬ʺȡĵطһŵĽ
һ̨ս͵ĸܻס
ַ濴ǰִĺռһƬλãЩʮ㡣
߼μ֪ǿʲôز
ַ΢۾˺ľ衣ʣʮֻħʯ޵³ֵĸߴ֮䣬ʱӦ׼
ˡ
ʮ׸ߵɫĶ˶ԼѾϡ
ôƯ𣿡
á¬һ˿עǰĻףռƼᾧǿ΢ȫԶսˡߴϵл֮񶷸ߴ
תͷַ棬ɨһַǰʯ޺һȺħһЦٻЩҵĸߴﶯֻ֣ôҿԺܸ˵ĸ㡭ˣ
ָոճڣɫĸ񶷸ߴѾˡ
޴ĽڼӲʯ͵һ̤һƬʯмʮ׶ߵӴڿһᴩ׵ĲӰħȺС
ַͫһһ˲߶ȼſ񶷸ߴĶ
һȭֱһͷħĸ޴ȭ䣬һҳء
һźڣһͷζħ޴Ľƴűݺϣϰֱ߳ޡ
ͬʱʮ׶ߵɫһȵĹԣڿһתֱ߳ɨǰͷͷħڶԷδӦ֮ǰѾ߱ǵͷ­
ء
һػ磬ĿϾӣգ۰ֻħȥ
ֱʱʣµĶħȫӦô¡
ٶ̫ˣַǿľſ׽ĶЩֻмʮ֮һڲٿصĶħôǺųƻߵĸߴϵ˵Ķ֡
֮Գƺ߼ν̹ٺͰ˼ν̹Ϊ߾̹ٻ˾̹٣ƺΪλ̹٣Ѿ˵ܶ⡣
Ҫ֪һ߼ҪĻһǧ򣬰ÿɱһλ̹ٵһ㣬Ҫɱһǧλ̹ٲܽ߼ȻЩ߼ν̹ٲܶǿɱ׬ȡ֣Ҳһֳ߼εѵǿ
߾̹ټȷʵ̫ǿˡ
һӣʣʮֻħȫΪ˺صַǰĶħУֻʣһֻʯ޻ƴĻӶеĴǰԸߴ﷢źЧĹ
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һ׳ĽһӣɵĽʯŹǰצУһֻͬʱһ̣ץסԷһȡ˫һ̧㽫ʯ޾ٹͷ
ڿеʯ򷢷һ̤ûбƵֱۺȣȻеֱ۽ס޷ѡ
һ졣
ʯ޵ѣֻеֱϳء
ô˵ˣٻЩǶ֡
á¬ڴЦڲŸոչȥӣҪȥҪʧһǧԪʯ¿ǿˡ
ַûʱشΪ񶷸ߴѾԼ˹
ַͬӰ񶷸ߴٶȳȶ
ٶȿ˴󲿷˵񾭷ӦԿ·ڿһӰ
ˢˢˢˢ
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Ȼ˸еµǣ񶷸ߴƾٶȾȫϳ˰ٹҹеӰ֡
һǧԪʯֻɳÿսһҪٶԪʯ־޴תǿʹٱ̬Ҳ޷ġ
Ͼʹλ̹٣ҲҪСʱһԪʯ
žžž
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һַٶ˲ಡһֱſзȥ
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ԥȡ֮öҴСɫӣ֮תڴľ츳֮ӿö֮С
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֮صͬʱѾ棬һֲ˼ٶȿʼ賤գ۱˰׶ߡ
֮á¬󾪣תΪϲ
Իľ츳ܡ˫츳ߣ
ں֮ĳֻ᲻Ӱսֻ֣뵽ַΪԼԺū˫츳ߣʵ˾ϲ㡣
ڹսЩλ̹٣ԼЩȻûг֣ضڹۿⳡսĽǣҲĵ׷Ľ뼵ʵ̾


13 ʤ
֮ĳʱӻַѹֱ۴ϸַ赲񶷸ߴַ׷
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һ񶷸ߴﳶϡ
Щλ̹ȫڸ񶷸ߴݲһһǺǵڶ࣬һΧҲǼ鷳¡
ԼʹԸ񶷸ߴǿҲ뵽֮λá
ַ΢ĴϢͬʱ˫ѾгһߣԶá¬˼Բߡ
֮Ǹ񶷸ߴĶ֡
ַܿжϡ
Ȼͬʱ߼μֻ֮ǿﵽ߼εķΧسӦȺ幥һһսУñȲϸ񶷸ߴá
񶷸ߴٶȼ죬ֻҪ֮һǧͬʱҲɶܡ
֮ٶȺܿ죬ڸ񶷸ߴķ񹥻£ԵЩ׽⣬ʱ񶷸ߴĽδʹù
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񶷸ߴٶ̫죬ֵ̫֮Сڽá¬֮ǰ񶷸ߴ϶ܹϵùǾˡ
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ַαĪ⣬֮£ȻĶ˸񶷸ߴĹ
վλڸ񶷸ߴĲһ棬һߣ񶷸ߴֻܿӽַһֽŹַܴĶܿռ䣬ͬʱ֮ҲǺܺʱĲֽţж
ַĽսٴйս߹Ŀ࿴ȻǸ񶷸ߴʤһַ֮Ϲ£ȻƵĲˡ
ûõģиߴ֮У񶷸ߴǵսǿģһ߼θǸ񶷸ߴĶ֡Ȱ㻹ͶɣҲһЩƤ֮ࡣá¬һ߿Ƹ񶷸ߴһ߷ֳһ˿ԴַģϱȽϽˡ
ϧĽ̶Ȼޣһ֣ᷢ񶷸ߴӰѾ֮λãΧƵҲڲ֪ѱࡣ
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ַͻȻ˫ĿԲκ˵ͬʱֻͬʱʩչ֣ǰĸ񶷸ߴץȥ
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񶷸ߴѾ뵽֮ΧٱַͻȻһʱܼĵط
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һ۶ɵĹ⽣ӽӳһӳնٸ
Ȼڸ񶷸ߴǰͬʱ趯ЩٶͻȻһ˲Ӹλ񶷸ߴ
ЩûҪ˼ʵϣƾ֮ĹҲ޷ݻٸ񶷸ߴЩڲ֮Ͽʼգ֮佫һʮ׸ߵĴ롣
ʮ׸ߵİգǰ̵ϲƣ񶷸ߴﱻУ⽣䣬նϵ
ʱ䲻ֻ֮࣬סʱ䡣ƴˡ
ַһҧ͵سַ֮Χֱá¬ȥ
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޴ײУ˭ûпַʲôʱȡڵϡһķ֮͵һϸ߿գƹˣٴսǰȥ
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á¬ٶ˵ͬʱҲá¬ǰƶ
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ಡһԶ

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14 Եĳ
ڶһԿƼΪĴӽߵÿν츳ܵľѣмΪĿƼиǵĽúɣҲܿݡ
Ȼκ鶼б׵ģƾƼɳĽǽλ̹ټŽͱøӼѡ
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ѸߴڵĸоƬȡҡ
ַ૵Ժȴڱһþڣʹá¬񶷸ߴоƬ
ʱ֮Ѿֹͣ˶Ը񶷸ߴĲƣûá¬ľƣԸ񶷸ߴܻ޷
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ַһ񣬸ŷȥۿŶԷоƬӸߴüλȡԼС
Ρռ֮һ֣ɣǷȡ
һϵͳʾַԺУͬʱַеĸоƬҲĪʧ
ַס飬Ժлһ䣺񡣡
Ȼ̨ϿպѾӮˡ과Լ
ܳĬ˼ӣȻһ΢Ϳռų֣зɳһᣬַ档
ַֽӹȻ򿪡
ʱ䣬һӾзá¬УһԼԺ
ַͨӷ֣ʱԼռУ⣬ֶһ̬С㣬Ӧþá¬֮ˡ
ַֹͣ˻֮ۡá¬Ŵӻþнָ
ˣá¬ЩãȻ
ַûлػֻǵĵ˵ͷ

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һӣһСƿɫҩҺͬʱ˵򽭾¥ң㣬Ҹȫĵطá
á¬ܵĽӹƿҩû㶮״λ̹׷ŻмͺַǳҪ
ַ֪ε̨֮սע⣬ֻû뵽ԷôоԼ
ڰ֣ʾá¬ߣȻŶ׷λ̹˵鷳λ·
鷳鷳
λ̹̬˵ǰ·
Ȼַһλ̹ټַ漣츳ߣҸոսһ߼ν̹٣ܱȽϵġ
̨ĺ󷽣׾룬һ޴ĸۡ
λ̹ڰַطȥˣַվڳ⣬δţ͸ܵһּΪǿҵģ·ɽһѹǰĻʹ
ѹǽַ氵
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ַһ㵣ΪԷʱõԣȻǵϵĻ
ǣ
ַŷ֣Է۾ͷīһĺɫƤҲԼͬĻɫ
򽭳йЦҽ򽭣˵
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Ҳǵˣ
ȻѾжϣַ滹ǳѯһ䡣
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ַҡͷȻЩ⣬ûʲôֵûɵģΪұҲ֪ڵĽĶ֡
򽭺ǺһЦȷʵЩϼһ̫αǿӿ´Ͷıȴ˵Ϊ˷ܶܶҸ߱ˣ˵ЦЦ
ַüͷһʶܻӶԷõϢʵ֪ܸܲҽһ¹Ƭս飬ʱ仹̣ûʱ̫˽⡣
򽭰ڰ֣Ҫģ̫裬ѵһˣͽˡ
ַ濴ǰ򽭣ԷʮӣбҪ壿
򽭳һ۱ַ֪ЩʲôЦ֪ˣԽߣϻԽʮʱĽڶʮȥˣӣ
ַ¥ĸҲӣǰǰʮҲͲʲôˡ


15 ͼı
װ꾫ĻʹУַ˲Զ
ʮǰҸոճΪٽ죬ѵϵһսʱֻаˣںܶǿȺǰһ㣬ΪǱϥ̫Ŀ࡭
Ļ䣬һѪȵĹ´лַԾ֪˲ս
ںܾ֮ǰԼҪʮŻᱬһΡǺ֪Ϊʲôһαһεļʱ̣ڣÿ궼һαÿӴзɳɢ̫գȻΪ˴֣ȺΪ˶˵ÿһ棬մ˽ǵѪҡͷ̾Ϣ
ҾΪ㣬ŸЩһַˣԼܵȻЩüѣֵС
´ǻᶨڱһַڸսʱѾֻ֪û뵽һαΧȺôˡ
ҡҡͷٿɫѾȫ
ʱʱ󣺡ԺסɣȽϰҲźʲôҪ˵һѼҲ㡣
ַ룬ҡͷˣҪڵģΪ̫ˣΥ˳ԡ
ҡͷһЦҲǿг徢ҲãɣиС⣬֪ܸȤ͸㣬͵Ҹļ񡣡
˵ţͳһоƬݸַ档
ţ
ַǰһǣ
ǽʲôоƬǰռˣȳѰⶫΪҲ֪򽭺Ǻһ£оƬַһ
ַϽӹԺУϵͳʾٴѾɡ
򽭸мл塣
򽭰ڰֵлЩСﲻʲôϲȥ
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ϵЦȥԼλ豭һڣŲǵĿҪõɽǼסˣȴòҪĶûʲô塣
һһ׵ĴЦô֪ס˾͵òҪĶѵסˣܵõǶˣ
һЦΪǴˣΪǶǿ֪Ǳôǣ
ǾЩһǧ˰ֿ̣Ҳܿס
ЦΪʲôˣ츳־ǿƲɣ㻹еڶλñĻ᣿ŭȵǵظ飬ѾһӡֻҪסõĹϵԺȻлᡣ֮ǰ˭Ҳҵҡ
Цһûٷȴͬʱ룬ǵظ飬ôô飿

ַӳֱֺ߳ͣһ
ղŻڣǱڰȻʵҪܶ࣬ҲӦٽһ
뿪֮ǰ˵겨ұ仯ӦǶͼı
ϻʲôֵýǿӵĶ
ַ汳亹ʪ͸
ѵǽҺ
ַͻȻ뵽ȻԼûǰʹùҺԼβμսʵ̫࣬λ̹ٴﵽλ̹٣ΪǿҺĹϵҲ˺ܴһأΪ˻ɣҲûе
ӦþˣܹԼʵĶԶǽߵĵһ׷Щǿ϶Ҳ⡣
뵽ܶཫڿΪᱦַиȷһ㡣
֪á¬ûʹǿҺӦòʲô⣬ǿҩڱֲôԡ
ַӿ˽Ų򽭾¥ȥ
ص򽭾¥ַ濿ָѰá¬ڵķ䡣
֨ѽһƿľʷţַ˽ȥȻŹغá
ˡ
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ֶԷľûַһ
ڰֵԺýˣϰУҸƿҩȲҪãȻǾͳȥҶʮһǡ
á¬۾һҶʮһǿƼǣʺϰĽ
ϰԱȽɣá¬ܿתơ
ַ˵ͷ㲻ùܣȻǾͳȥһǧǣȻֱӴ͹ȥ
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ַ֪ҡҡͷҲûн͡
á¬Ҳٶ졣
ҹ򽭳ǻʮӱҹʱ֡
ַ˻һȺǵȺУȥ
֮ͨ۲죬ַٷʮǱԼס򽭾¥⣬֤Լƶϡ֮緢ַ֣˸Ȧһ϶˳ȥ
ʱ˲ãַߵ㱻֣˳С
ٽٴߣʡ
ռߴĶƼоƬû´Ļȥʮһǡ
һû뵽ľôߣѡǴͣȻѾʶǵļƻȻˣҲֻʹñֶνá
Ƭ̣ٽȫȥˡ
򽭶һۡԺһţ˽ȥ
ʼͬ
D093194̫ձݡ
ǽϣͻȻֳһ˵ľ޴Ӱ
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ַˣпȥҶʮһǣٽ׷˹ȥϴҲֻ֪ǸСѾˡ˼
ǽϵĺڷӵ˵ͷƷУܸұţѾ㲻ˣҺܸлʣµĲģһ
һ˵꣬Ӱʧ
ظĴһ
ڵҹĻУַ米ԼٶһǧǷȥһߣߵһͷһġݡ
á¬ڷϣַ衣


16 ߴGZ
޴ĺɫɽϿգַá¬ڴӸ߿շɹ
ҹ֮֮ǰǶҹַżȥǡ·죬ַתת׼ΪСһ
˵ߴ˺ѵĲֿٴӣͷĲȴû취ԭյõһͱѾˣַʵڲ쿴СǶŸûͷǡ
ȻҲѿ
ţһֻʯޣ׶ߣ߼μַһϲ
Сҹٴҵһֻʯޣһ׶ߣʵﵽ߼μַϽȥ
ڰɽַͣ
±򽭵˷ַ֣һֱڿٸ·ֱʱлȡ̨ߴϵͳռʾɵַȡ
ˢ
ˢ
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ǡ񶷸ߴ
á¬ɴ۾ԭһ˷
ĸ񶷸ߴȻܶͨ񶷸ߴһǻĲȴͨߴǿӲʮͨϣֻȭϱߵļ̲Żֲʡ
ԵĸŸ񶷸ߴͬʱĿתһ̨ЩֵİСߴ
̨ܸߴжǻָۣӣά޵ȶ΢͸ߴͬɶãҲʾȻҲõ𡣡
̨ߴϲ˽ɫ·׵׽ƣ͸߹Ķࡣ
ַոڷɨһϵͳ̨ߴļ飬֪񶷸ߴΪ߼ζ塣ܸߴΪ͸ߴҲΪ㷺ǿ
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ڣ̨ߴս̨Ҫǿַͷʵ
á¬ĴţΪڵڶʱùڳƺţַֽŤֱӳƺĴš
á¬ں˫۷Ź⣬ͷзһ񶷸ߴ˲⣬ٶȺ͹ǿȶҪǿ̨ϰ壬ǴŪã
á¬ԻʮԣʱѾԼݣַ淢ʡ
ַȻЩҲɵ߶ԷԼߴǻ˸ʵ̨ûбɱ
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ַҡҡͷԷļ䣬Ȼ̨֪ߴûбɱģֻԼĸߴЩһ
ϵͳGϵ񶷸ߴӵбɱ֮ȭӵٽȫһ˺ӣиߴﶼӵбɱ
񶷸ߴս̫ǿˣټܻżųһθϮʯȻҲͣվǲһЩ񶷸ߴһ˿顣

ʯ޵ͷڵϲϷֽС
ַ߹ȥ֮۷
ʱʯ޵֮û࣬ǶԲϿϵҲٺҷ
ַУԼᣬСǵİɫ޻˻зɳ͵ǰʯޡܿ콫˺ռĿȨ

ǣ߸ոһ˿ڳſ⣬ȴŴ򿪡
ַá¬վȺУһʱ䣬Ѿ㡣
֨֨
һľĦ𣬴ڻˡ
λ̹ʿ˳Աмλ̹ٸϽӷڳߣȻһġ䡯
ʼǣԼʾ
һʿһɤӣϣһߡ
ַ˽ڣֱŴȥܿ쵽ȫͬԲδǰ
Ĺۿִַ淢֣һڿϮɱһطģһǳ˿ռ֮󣬽Ȼͬ
ĴǼʴ󣬿һδ͵һ򡣿ռ䴫ֻڱڽдͣҾ̫ԶĳлҪδ͡
ӣĵǿҪʤռ츳
ߵǰַͳԪʯһǴģǴʹ÷á
һ͹ԱӹԪʯʵҪȥ
Ҷʮһǡ
ĸǣ
ַüҶʮһǲ˽⣬һµȥܴ͵ƫƧС
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ȷ
ַá¬Ѿ̤˴
׹˸һŴ򿪣˽ȥ
ʱǹԱЦ˵һ䣺˹ﶼ֪ĲҲҴͽѪȶУٺ٣治֪Ķôҡ


17 
׹⽥ˣַӴʹ˵ѣпٻָ˹۾һΧüͷʱ
ûн赲һ۾ܿߵĽֵĿ֮ã¾ɣصѾڵĸɺѪܵĽǽϡ
ǰ˼ַ㷢λ̹òƵԼ
ǰĽֽǴһŴű©Ůվ۲ԼҪȷǷпԼ׬Ԫʯڿַ΢üͷЩʵλ̹ٻλ̹ٵվŮͬʱŽֽǵĺڰ˿Ҳȥᡣ
ַ˼ЩվŮ֮ԿٶڰУΪȷԼΪѣЩµĸо·Լһ鲻ãܽɲзϡ
ĹЩ⡣ַ˵
á¬վַ󣬵˵ͷҶҲ˽⣬￴ĲǿƼУУһҲҪĶࡣ
ַͷʾ⣺Խ˹ĵˣһǲƤ£Խޡ
ȻЦŲʵϣǰʶУӦеӣûзȣֻ
ַһվŮ
Ԫʯ
ʮԪʯ
ַüʮԪʯڵһλ̹ټŮūˡ
˵Ԫʯֵּۻۡ

ַ涪ʮԪʯԷʾá¬ԭصȴȻԷһεĵطʾֱԷ굱С
էַ滹Ǳ˽̬ǳ鷳򵥣Ҳº͵ַõԼҪϢ
ϢĶȡܿ죬ַ澭ɸѡ֪ܿ˹سǵ״
شԴƶ֮أȥڳԣûзԼֻҪʵɱˣΪѪȶС
֪ЩַΪʲôЩվŮոտԼü˺ڰУΪ̫ˣ㱻ɱǵġϰ塯ҲһΪǳͷԪʯ£Ҳǰ
վŮֻλ̹ټһ㶼ûиоʾԼĿӣԵַתȥʱ򣬸޷׵׷ʲô
ַǰߣá¬˴һ֣һưſڡ
ΧһزƬǽǾ޴Ϳѻ˹سϣ˺ܶࡣ
ַŽ룬ʱ˲˵Ŀ⡣
һĿ˹
ģ
ַͷ
λ̹ټ㲻󺺵˵ͷﲻҪҪǣչһԼʵ
˵һ֣󺰵˹Сһ
ַ΢΢һЦֻΪϰ塯ϵļ̨ߴҸպòǿƼߣԷס˭֪ȻԷͶߡ
ûнʲôֱӴžһո߹İ˹ҷڵء

һܼĹͷ𣬰˹ĳࡣ
á
󺺲ŭϲַʵͬʱһ˺ȥϰ壬˵߾̹Ͷ
һλ̹٣ʵ㲻߼ν̹٣Ҳˡ
ܿ죬Ҿưɵϰˡ
ַͫ΢ȻվŮļлȡһЩҾưϰϣۿԾɸеЩ˼顣
ţдǽ˴Ժ࣬豸ȫǻе߰еʹɡ
һŵַۣ󣬷ĺɫ⡣
츳ߣ
ŵûоϲһ˿裺һ츳Ͷ˾̹٣ҲΪԼôǿ˵ɣҪʲô
˹سһΪ˶ٽֻǰ˾̹ټ
뽻֮䣬һ޴ĺ蹵ɿԽȻ˵Ϊ˾̹ٵٶɱһٽʵϣûм˾̹ԿнԷɱģҲˡ
Ҫס
ʲôף
ߴ
ǿõ۾΢΢˼ʵȷǽף
ûס
ַ浭˵ʶߴԸߴǿֻܲ߼۷壬ǰ˾̹ٵʵнǿʲôز
Ҫǿַʱû뷨
ɡô˵ҲǸ漣츳ߣվ˵Щˡ
Ż˻֣ɢȥַ¥ȥ
¥ҲưɵĶ¥ֻһ䷿ʮֿҸߴ
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ôף
ʵֻԳǿȼȤ֮⣬ҲԪʯףܹ󡣡
ַͷף˳ǿȼӦҲȤ
˵ţռȡһƿǿҩ˻εǿҩӿ´ΧĽдĶһǿȣٶȡ֪˵û


18 
ǿҩãŵͫ͵һϺҲڿٵ˸·ȷַĻǷš
һǿȣȷʵҪ뻻һ̨ߴǲЩң޷㣬ߴｻ׸㣬ֱԸңʵ߼μĸߴҿס㡣
ַҡҡͷҲҪ̨ߴֻҪеĺоƬöоƬƿǿҩͬһǿҩʹãÿЧήһ
Żζһ£ѯʵ˼ǣﲻֹǿҩ
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ַ룬û⣬ֻþǿҩ
ԡŵͷ
ַȡһƿǿҩ˹ȥ
Žӹ󣬺ɫĵ۶ǿҺɨһ£ָ޷Щҩĳɷ֣ȷҩǷж
УȺһݡ
Žҩأݾܾ˵ȺȣȡҼʹҪǿҩҲ⽻ס
ԡ
ַЦЦû˵ʲôֻǽǿҺݸߵá¬ˣڡ
á¬лַһƿǿҺһֱûзãֱڲϰԼĶȻô΢΢ܵһ˿
ƿǣá¬ԥͷ¡ʱ䣬һǿԺУϴľ

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վֱӴ̨ߴϽоƬȡݸַ棺Ҫǿҩһǿҩ
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ΣɣBϵиߴһ̨Ƿȡ
ΣɣFϵиߴһ̨Ƿȡ
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á¬û뵽ַὫһöоƬԼҪ֪һ̨ߴУöоƬļֵԿռһϡԼֻǸǩ과ԼūΪֹûϰκ飬ͽյϰμֵĽе̫˼顣
㡣
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ȡ񶷸ߴñ¬ĽоƬüоƬۣܿоƬ󶨳
ʱŵǿҲѾˡ
ҸоδйǿŭһȻͷַ˵ѾЩпᡣ
ߴʲôѣıȵԼʵҪǰٽ̨񶷸ߴǱ͵Ϯɱˣ
ôҲ߾̹٣ҲɱǣЩǿҺȫͶңҲɱǣ̨ߴ͸ǣô
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һ䣬ͻȻ֡
˶һ䣬ܹҲʮףһ̧֣Ѿַǰ
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ͬʱϵͳռ䣬ѡȡFϵߴĽ
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ŵĻеFϵߴĳǿײɢĿ˲ŰΧ̨ߴַ⣬жɾ޴Ʒ޴ݶĳ˷飬ʧ
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19 ٽϮ
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ۺⱬһԲβƴзɢܣնĺɫŻڣ˷顣
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ȴʱҪǰ͵Ϯȴ̨񶷸ߴžȻͬʱԼ˹
ߣȥ
ųǰһ۱ϳ˹һͷĿߡȭԥŶԷȥ
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ʱ䣬һǿˮԪԲǧ׵Ŀռ䣬ռ䶼һɫˮ


20 һ
̹Ĳͬڽǿ߿ԹͨΧԼ츳У츳Եõǿȵֺ֧ͷӣ츳֮޾
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ԭɢڿռԷֵЩ΢ˮԪأߵΧۣתۼγһȫˮɵĿռ䡣
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ŴʱóǰһȭڲʮֺˮϣȻֻǽ𼸵ˮ
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Ȼɱź鷳ͷų츳Ѿڲ֮أҲûҪ̫衣
ʱͻȻһˮԪУһɫᡯһնԺ

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21 һ
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ͣǰ壬Ŀǰַɱּ̤ƵBϵոһ׾ˡ
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ƯϵĳƵУƿʼ˸ܿ춨λַܵķλλٽһۣͬʱ׷˹ȥ
ַһ׷һӣתѾɳʮ
Bϵ仯ɵսڲַȡ϶սпռ䶼鿴һ飬ȻװԪʯĽҴ򿪡

ڶһСԪʯһԼ顣
һͷĿ˹ôƶĵطܵôԪʯ
ַһ̾ȴûֹͣԪʯֱGϵZϵFϵBϵ̨ߴ֮С
񶷣ܣζˣһHϵĻظߴַ¶һ˿΢Ц
ߣٴαΪ취ɵϧֻαɱһЧˡ
˼䣬ԱZϵߴкһڵ档ٽƼѾѰǵķλڸ档
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ZϵһֻеֱۣһɵŲδָⷢʱΧǧ


22 ս
ַĺܽZϵͷŵŸŵʱҲһԶƵ׷ٵٽʱʧȥĿꡣ
棬ŸŲЧ׷ʧȥĿ꣬Ѿֹͣ׷١
ZϵߴıַһɣȻٴαѹ֡
һֱսĺߣ˫ٶ޼Լ˦ԷԷҲ޷׷Լһֱȥַ浣б䡣
ҵʵٽս϶һ֣αɱУFϵıɱǾԷZϵıɱǵŷ籩ֻԿƼЧֻGϵ֮ȭɱһ޷شԷˡ
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ַŵĿռ佺лҵ̨ߴȫñ¬һ̨Ǹ񶷸ߴֻûкоƬʱų̂ߴоƬս


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ΧĿռԽԽߵˮ֮ҲڲַѾͷųֶΣжħȫɢ˺СҲܵشɢһء
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СӣҰ과ԼūɵЩʹ࣬һȫӱĴ
ΡҪҵū±Ӱɡַ˲󣬽Žȥ
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ַʱڴͷСѡߣЩŵʵĿϰҽٽ
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߹ЦİɣңԲίġ
˵ٴչ과ԼǹٴδԼӿַԺ
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24 桤˾̹
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25 
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ӪУɱԷһٽǿߣδﵽ߼ΣѾﵽ˼ΣôõĽͻһ֣ÿ߼Ρ
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ַԽԽľԽ̫ǿ
似֣˵׾ߣֳһꡣϵͳҪ˰


26 
ôγȡַѾԿ϶ϵͳӵһǻۣ˵ĳ趨ԴܣԼʱԼʵʶԱΪԼѡȡʵĽ
ַԲŸղŵȡȡ
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ڳƫĵطһ˵ĻŰϣһװЪҵӡʮλ̹ٷֳӣɢſڣྯš
ݴڣƯųƵ۵ΧһԲԡ
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ǰװϵƼߣǹеҩװԼ˵ʤ
ȾͶҪٸڶˣϾսˣ׷Ǹ漣츳ߵڻûһ˸漣츳֣֮У˭ǵĶ֡
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ѵ
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Ķ˹վЦ˭һ֪ˣ¸ʲô
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ŷɭҲ˼
ʱŴˣһڷ۵Ц˽ɨһˣЦ磬ҵϴԣ


27 һ
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ڴֵļӳ£ﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣڶ˹ϣһĹ


28 շ
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ŷɭͬʱŭĿȻҲͶַ⻻װ˼ڻû˽ӵ飬ô˵
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ַǬȡƿҩһ˦ֶˡ
Ǿǿҩ֮ڷãһľǿȣҸǵļǿЧԺҩҪǵıˡ
ɱߣַһλ֣㹻һһٴмȡֱַȫȡ˳ǬС
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⡭
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29 ׳
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ֵǵĶͳݲַ˾̹ݻҪ˸е𺳡ԭڳΪַū黹Щִһ˲䱻˴롣
ΣܽȫΪԼʵ
ַܹߴ󽫾ūҲһ֮֮ϵūܱڻưܵĳУҪı˵Ҫǿ
ַ˵ı飬֣˵ǿҩΪԺֺûĽҪĻΪװʵܸõΪ£֪ĸжȽȫԹҪĶ
װ
ͬʱһϲû뵽ոոϰ壬ʲôûװá
ֻû뵽Լַ棬ΪһʵʲôֻҪǿЩ;ֵõġ
Ҫ˵ȫģǽ׳ǡٹǽ׳Ǿӣ⼸ܶΪ˻ʽıװ۸Ҳƽʱϲ١
УӶʮһǵʮǣÿ϶һ׳ǡ
׳ǵ־ͽн׳ǡĳУһ˽תվǿĳУÿһкö֣һЩפ̫еǿ߶ǰμӡ
谵УBϵ仯սʮٵĳٶ׳Ǹȥ
ڴ֮ǰַѾ˼γǼʴͣʱѾ˾뽻׳ĳУΪ׳ûôҪȥ׳ǵ˶ҪԼϹȥ
Χһܼܷɹսйߣַ治Ц
׳ǿûд˲ǽҪʵʵľܴһƬڽ뿪ʱױ˴٣⻹һյơ
üͷ΢΢ַȥ׳ǣضǿҩһĳ֡е֮ġԼͿϵԪʯ¸޷˾
ʱƽĹȥBϵٶȣｻ׳ҪСʱ
ַ߽һУñ¬ڣһΧһ̸Źڸװ顣
ȥ̫գû˵е֮ģ̸УַͻȻԼĵ⡣
ȻʾֱӶȡԷм䣬Ǿȡ˼䣬ͷ˼̫࣬ʱҲеһЩҵ֡㿼ǣַѾʹʾŬЩԼļ䡣
ͬʱҡͷû˵
û˵ƵĶΪĻеԴֶӦʵڡַʵ
ϵͳҪ󣬲翵ģϾϵͳܹ֪ԼΧһЩ飬ûʣܷ
ƵĶοŵûҡͷϸƬ̣˵ȷʵһԴ˵Ļе֮ЩƣǳΪ֡һʮǿұԴܹؼԶ벹нΪߴԴʹߴսһͻƽ֪ǲҪҵֶ
ַͷо֡֡пܾǻе֮ģҲֻǸصĳƺЩͬ
ַ˷׳ǵͬʱ˹سǴͻȻһ׹ٽͬʱưܰĴ߳
һ˳һ˫ɫ۾ĿɨΧһ̤ǰֵսǴһλ̹ٸǰ˵ûһͷ۾˴͹츳漣츳ߣʵ߾̹ټҡ
ٽ䣬˵䣬λ̹ٱٽǿߵѹȵֱ岻˵
⻰ʣҲ۾һһ˹ͬʱʵģ
λ̹ٱٽͬʱѹȣʱһƨɵڵϣµҲ֪
֪
ٽ۾һɣһĳ֪ȥ
žһλ̹ٵͷ­һ͸ıƤһ㣬ҳ˷顣
ͷȥҡһ˺
ಣಡ
Ƭ֮ٽУһ߲һ׵Ĵҵַ
˳ǵٽһȥ˽׳ǣߡ
׷
ٴ̤ϴ뽻׳ĳд͹ȥ
˹سǲﴦһ۵ĺɫɽУڲѱھһգһЩͽ豸Уڹ
һ۾ͷ׵˳ĳһеľܹߣǰһ˰е˵治ˣ౻ͳûһ˻˽̹ٵٽĽȻǿ
е̨ϵӻ۾ߵллˣľڡ
ûʲôҲ飬˵ֻвٷ֮ʮѪⲿֵǲЧģû뵽󣬾Ȼ˹ֻ˵ȷʵܴ󡣡
֪Ҳ˶л㡣Ӵе̨£ֻе̧һץסľڵͷ­ž顣
Ҫлǣ㽫ȫĻ͸ҡȻ㲻Ըġ
ӽͷʬ嶪Աߵе̨ϣȡһռңһۺЦЦ
׳ǵϾҪˣЩԪʯ㹻һЩϡнеһˡ
·߳ɽӱһ·λֱڿնһȥ

棬һӺ󽫵ִｻ׳ǡע⣬֣޷ӿз롣ע⣬֣޷ӿз롣
СʱĸٷУBϵڷҪִĿĵصʾ
ַʾĻϿBϵǰľ󣬸׾룬ͿǰһƬĺɫǳأһ߼ʡ
׼һ£Ҫˡ
һ˵꣬BϵѾʼת̬䡯һڵϣһػҳ


30 
ڵ̫УһҴ䴬ڼ١
λѾڶʮһǼ㡣
ͻȻɴײ򿪡
ᡢᡯԹ״մеҶʮһǽȥ
һջմԽ˴㣬ھ滹в׵ĵطɡһ򿪣ʼ١
Žɡÿ׵ٶȽ䣬Ӵǰ˲䣬һٶ׶ͬʱȫҡšˡһء
Ż򿪣ߵİȫҲйӰֱһ߳
һ˻ſĺۣϻһŹߣǰ޷ȫڸǵͻϿԿŮԵݡ
һźɫ糤ĿüʮӢǰľλϹͰ˵աս׵ıһġѡ֡
ַӦþǱߵĽ׳Уǵ·кܶߣСġӿѡ
ԵĺŮӵ˵ͷû˵ʲôֻһģʧڿС
ŶĶ죬Ȼÿһ̤·ʵռ䲻ľ룬֮Ѿǧ֮⡣

׳ǺܴϵĻĹ½ࡣ
ַڳĴתѡһЩƼװȻ˵Ͽ϶иõĶҲ϶󣬶ٽõװرƷϲᡣ
ϾϣеĴﶼпμӴ˴ᣬǴ󽫾вٲμӣٽװôŵϺţ
ڳתһַ濴Ȼ𲻸ߣƼǿˡ
ǵһˡУһޣÿ˶ǿĸ壬ǵ츳ڣҪڰԱ߿Ϊ͡
ַ˵ͷȫʶˡ
һޣҪڶǿƼߣ츳ҪóĿƼΪʮֲӣҪ츳ʹãȻ̶ȷ츳ȴѺԼսϣԵһֱһ
ʱ䣬ַΪ˹һʽװ͸ߴ
ǿ󣬿Բٿصĸߴӵ̨˹ŷɭľкתҲ࣬װʵһء
ǿƼߵص㣬ֻҪװȥˣʵ졣
ڵȻȥЩ͹ȥҵ忪˻
ַͳʮƿǿҩи߼ƿмʮƿעΣڿʼͲҪһˣһһħȥȡ˻롣
סñ¬ޱĽӹǿҩ
ЩԪʯţ£ŬҴﵽٽ֮뿪ַ潫õĿռȡ˳ݸñ¬
Ѿ׿ռҵʹ÷ΪǬĴռǿռҵ򱶴Сַòռңֱһ͸ñ¬
ллϰ塣ñ¬Ͽҵĵ
ղַȥǿҺʱΪַΪͶϾһ֪Լ͵ǿҺȥ϶Ǳ׷ɱĽ֡û뵽ַѾΪ뵽һ㣬ҸԪʯԪ㹻ڽ׳ǰˡ
ַڰ֣лգжջӦõġ
⻰˵ñ¬˵ãֻоΪԼƴо޴ĺôȫƴĻԡԽһΣ˵Ҳ𵽹غá
ˣǷͷ뿪ɣǵٸһϡ
ַٻһӰħѳһ֣ħ֮Уñ¬ȥַǵһ߳סıݣȥ
᳡ܴռسһƽʮ㡣
ô᳡ȻһȺ˼һᣬǷֳС䣬ֻнһǧԪʯ֮󣬲ܻý᳡ʸ񡣹һ췽ٻʮԪʯ롣
ȻֲܹεᣬʮԪʯҲῴ
ַԼһᣬ˺ñ¬ֱһᡣ
߽ᣬŮԱȺΪַ潲򣬷Ʒʳֱʼȥ
һǽϣһĻ·𴰻һ㣬ߵ̨
һɫ۵Ų̊ȥٴμ򵥽˼ҪȻʼ
һƷƷ˵ϣÿһ飬һǧ飬ļǧԪʯÿ飬Ŀʼ
ϣַǰĻתһѤɫģԱǲϱ仯֣Ѿ˿ʼġ
ǧԪʯ
ǧԪʯ
һǧԪʯ
۸ڽһƷֻλ˵ĲϣĵһԪʯļ۸ô֡ϡԴָùʲô̶ȣ
֪ƿ߼ǿҺͶʮƿмǿҺԪʯһַ֡üͷ


31 
ڼһƷǰ̨ȻԼߵļ۸ߣȻ󲻵ʮ֮һһƷǰ̨
ַڰеƤɳϣһƷһ߹۲ǰĻϵı仯
ţַͻȻ˫ۣ֮תһ֮ꡣ
˻룬ƷֳɣȻǿҩȫΪѹᾫƷھƷ
ַеЩ⣬˵߼ǿܽƷڻпԭϾǶԽǿʹõƷмǿҩҲܽƷЩˡ
ȻƷǾƷǵͼľƷҲȻʺȺг
˵˭ұ֤ûǸĽ̹ټ
ƱһǧԪʯһЩһٽŶҽΪߵĶ̫󣬽Ҳ𡣸ҽˣĸǾǮ
Щ㶪㻨ǮװҲ˻һӵˡ᲻ΪԼĺƿǿҺ
ؼǣַǿҩЧôǿҼЧѸٵҩڿսϣûУȫûС
ļֵҲ޷
Ʒ̫࣬תѾʮʱʱѾȥʮСʱ
ַûзԼҪĶЩʧʱͻȻĻֹƷĻȫʧصտʼ̨档
ĺŲ̊Ц˵λѶ֪ǵὫٰ죬ÿƷһʵʮСʱǷЩƽƷеЩƣأôϣǾҪѹᾫƷڡƷڿʼ
һƷмǿҩ
мǿҩַ֣澫һ
ھƷƷÿһϸĽܣ̨ϣŮӻϸмǿҩЧãӣڿʼۡ
мǿҩǿҩǿҩǿҩ͸֪ǿҩ֣ÿƿʮļۣԪʯÿƿ
򣡡
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Ҫ֪һ˾̹٣ļֵҲʮԪʯңʮԪʯѾֵһͨٽһĻˡ㹻ʮ̨񶷸ߴ
֮Ǯ˾Ƕࡣַֻ̾һʾΡ
ʮƿмǿҩһ߳ʮʮļ۸ȫ¡
ΪǿҺǰδֹлƿǿҺãɽƽ۸Ԫʯַ档
ٰʮԪʯǮٶҲ̫ˡ
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Ʒÿֻʮַмǿҩ֮½˾żƷȻ
߳ʱַ˶۽ľƷƷԼмǿҺܵࡣ
ʵϣھƷУΪߵһƷһѹƷƷеڶмֵġ
յĳɽҲмǿҺļ۸ȷʵܳɽ۸˵ڶλ
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ƷԵߣһֵƷļ۸ͱϡ
ɻȣһĳ̶ȣһͨƷҲҪν𣬼۸ٵģżз屶ͨƷ֡
ҲΪƷǸ߲ƷԾߵĲҲһӲԪʯˡ
ʮֻһκʱһЩԼʮСʱ֮ٴƷڡ
Ůӣֻǽ컻һ·ûжϻֱӿʼܽľƷƷ
мǿҩӦøλ˿˺ӡִδֵҩЧޱǿҼЧѸ٣ھʵ˵ʵСŮӶЩۺء
ֻǣȻмǿҩȻҲӦи߼ǿҩŶԣԽ쾫ƷĵһƷǸ߼ǿҩ
ЧмǿҩƣΨһǣ߼ǿҩǶԽǿ߷ЧɿԱãÿƿ߼ǿҩǿٷ֮ʮӦԣٴʹЧ룬ʹǴ󽫾ҲһŶ
һƿļۣÿƿһǧԪʯ
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ֻССһ仯ø߼ǿҩļ۸ۣΪһ仯ƿ߼ǿҩļۺ߼һ㡣
һڣ
ַһеˡ


32 
һԪʯʲô
ƷһԪʯ͵ǧ̨ߴٽǿߵĲƸȫûһڶ˵⣬ֻһƿ߼ǿҩļ۸
ɴ۾ά֮Žַָ𾪶ſͣعƽ
߼ǿҩЧԴ󽫾Ҳͬã󽫾ƬսǿߣÿҲǴ󽫾ӵеĲƸ˸޷ܹһԪʯһƿʵкܴҩӦÿ⡣
ڿս󽫾ǼΪϡٵǿڣÿ󽫾жмۺԴǵҲ϶ܶ࣬ҲܹóһԪʯһƿҩֻ˵ǿҩȷʵֵǮ
һμӼʮֻǼ۸ı֣Ǿ߶Աһһֶƿǿҩڱصõ
û˶ټ۸һΣټ۸ε˷ܺϵͳڶ֮ԶжɹƿǿҩÿƿһԪʯļ۸ɽ
ַ濴˻еԪʯһǧѾϳ
濪ʼڶ־ƷƷǡ֡
һַľϴ˻˻ʼעĻеŷ·һ붫
һϡԴ̺޴󣬶ڿһԴʹʱԽԽ׬ǿƼǵ
ʮֹ㷺һߴĶԴҲԴԪʯΪһЩǿԪӦ
м֣һʮöļۣԪʯһö
Ŀʼ
䣬ʮöмֵļ۸ʼٱ䶯
ַϵͳռ䣬Ҫ૵ϵͳҪSе֮ģֵķּǰĸ֣ǰеͼ֣֪мܴܲﵽϵͳҪ󡣡
ַоӦòϵͳҪ󣬱ϾSͨǳ˼мȻ̫
ȻܹΣַ滹ǱҪԵġҾ㲻ܴҪ󣬻GϵȸߴϣҲӦÿһǵļô㶼
Ļʱֵļ۸Ѿ߰ϣٶȻܿ졣
һǧö
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ַһٴκݺۣһ
ˣҪĿľΪ˻֣ԲģⶫҪõ
һΣ۸ڿʼˣͣһǧİٶʮϡַξȫɹ
ԪʯԶ˻п۳ܿһֵ
ԼʮӣϡвϺһԱַ塣ʱַǰĻʾģ

ַ溰һԶ򿪡
һװӴ߽̬ȹĶַʩһȻ󿪿˵𾴵ĵм֡һ¡
һռҡ
ַӹһ˿ܿ췢ߴڵƷԼոմӾĻпĻ֡
ȭͷСԲλϣһɼǿӰΧҡҷ·һӰɫĻһ㡣ƯҲá
鷳ˡַһ͸һǧԪʯ
ԱϽллĴͣûĻ±ˡ
ַͷʾ뿪ˡ
ȹԱߺַӿռȡһö֡Ȼ鿴ϵͳռ䡣
Ȼַ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ϵͳռϣĺѾʾΪУ֮ǰûκʾַǰ֪е˼ǣ񣬵ɶȻǷȱ
ԣ־ǻе֮ģֻмֻδﵽҪ
ҪҸ߼֣ĻֲУֻǲ֪ûС
ַ治ȥЩȡZϵڴԪʯȫȡȻϻ֡
ʱZϵϵâţкҲĸӿ٣㵸
ҸеԼٶȵõ˼ΧĹ۲Ҳӵָо̫ˡϰ壬Ұ㡣
Zϵ׸ߵķַǰֻе§סַ壬˷ܵĽе
ҲZϵܻͨĲͬԼ˼͸飬ˡ
ַҲܸˣZϵ⡣
ߴʵҪ棬ϣоƬپԴʱZϵϺԴԶͨߴӦǴﵽٽı׼
ϧΪռޣʮ׶ߵGϵȸŲԸֱ۵˽⼸ϵߴ


33 ɱ
ڶԲַһڳй䣬ż߽ԱߵĵڿȤװϡ
󷽿˸Զ˿һġ
ѾˣǿҩҲѾųҲӦóˡ
ַޱĿǰȴʱš
ͻȻı΢һ˿仯˫΢΢𣬾Һǧˡ
ߣǹȻˣȻԼǾͱҲˡַ¶һ˿Ц
Ͳµ򽭳ٽԼͼѰԼпܻᵽ׳Խ˻ᣬ˳
׳ǲ򶷣ʹþźŴΧ̽ˣַ治ʹôķ
ǳһˣҲԸϵߴﰲװֺ
ַת˸ֱӳŴȥ
ͬʱʾԿ弸˷ָǳȴԼǰȥ׼һǵִ
ûע⵽һ˰⣬һ˰еĴҲԼһۿܱߵƷһ߸ȥ

׳⣬һƬտƽԭһֱŻǵɽ֡
ַݳţԽ׳ǽ޵֣ʮ׸ߵBϵٻսֱӼʻȥ
BϵηеٶȲ죬ַվڲڣĻʾĺ󷽣򽭳ٽѾ׷˳Ӧǹ˼ɱ˿˲ûַ涯֣ǸԶ׹Bϵս󣬸Զ
ַ濴ʾĻЦЦʣöֺͼϵߴȡһһŽȥʱϵߴսһ̨ס
֣GϵսԿԱٽʵһЩٽǵĶַ֡濴ż̨ߴĵ˵ͷ
ǰԶַΪƵķءֱַBϵԽȥͬʱ˷Ǿѻˡ
õϰôôرУϰԼǿҺȻһԪʯʱ򣬿˱¶˾ģֻҪϰ彻ҲҪɡ
ǱַĴ󷽸жңַϿ˵ϣԸΪԼĲƴʧȥлеһν󽫾Ļᡣ
ԵǿӺ׷ȫǸԼһٽǿʱû˿ԥֱӿԼŶԷɨȥ
ಡಡ
䣡䣡䣡
˹ŷɭһһǰͬʱ򽭳˷˹һߵĴͶ൯ͷʽͬʱϡ
һɫ۵ֱӱϣֱӽϰҳ촷ۡ
ʣͬʱͻ״зӦΪ˴٣ȫһʱ䶥츳
ȫǵĽߣ츳ų޴Բ໥һ𣬽ǻС
ٽƼߡһ˷ŭ
ԷֻˣֻٽȻҲҾѻˡ
򽭳ٽЩ꣬˵ͬʱѾͷų˹һɫһƬɫͬʱХŷƼߵķ򡣷ʮѸݡ
ҪǲֻˣҲͷ۾ߺͬʱܣͻȻһͷ̨񶷸ߴ
Сϡѡ

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ͬʱҲ㷭̨ظߴﻤſӵصðеػ׼һˣڻ˲¶
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ͬʱ̨ߴٺ󳷣ֻʣ̨񶷸ߴǣƶԷ
˹ŷɭһֱûֹͣʱõָͬʱַǵռһգѸٳ롣
ҹٽһ֣һξۣǰ̨񶷸ߴＷѹġֱ졣
ǻŸʲô׷ȥɱǡ
ͷųһꡯһȻͬʱ̨񶷸ߴѹɷ顣
ԣ׷ȥɱǡ
׷
û˹Ϯ׹츳ٽ򽭳ٽͬʱ͵Ϯߵķ׷ȥ
Ȼû׷Զͣ
ղ͵ϮǵƼվһ˵Աߣ̨Žɫâĸߴ
ǱֵĲʣ⼸ͽҵĸߴְɡ
ַſ˵ͷȻתԵZϵЦȥɣҪץġ


34 
һ޼ʵƽԭϣŶھַ֮ңĵطôԶľ룬ʹߵҲȫԷ
Ⲣǰս𺳡
̨ߴսٽöԷ޻֮ܶ޷Ա߻ٽƼţʱ׼¶Է
ȫʶΪ˶˹سǵף֮侺ϣͻ
ź˵ʵƾĶۣѾﵽٽûԼİ߽֮ǰҲ˵һսʤԷеκһˡ
ȻܴߵߣҶ̶̼ձɳһô𣬻ôǿҺЩɥ
ǿҺɽ󽫾Ȼ۳ս޵ξĴˡܲġ
˶ʵǿǿҺرһй¶ȥҲ㻹ô⡣ңַһЦӣŵоһŻ
һʶˣôߴǿҺֱһἵʣַյ˹سʱԼ򲻹żʱǿܲƽ⡣
ߴԶԿٽǿ߶վϷ磬Լ϶ֿҲ£ԼǱԷɱһΣڼʡ
ҴСںڰα裬ŰҪǿĻţֻΪ࿴һŮһۣͱ˽һг˹ͷ
Ҳ
ƾʲôЩ̫ү߹кװòϣӵǿҺֲҪŬʵĶ
ƾʲôҵĶǣҲֻܻмʵ
ƾʲôƾʲô
ŽַĳĺԽԽƽ⣬ԽԽߣֻõ۾ѾѪ˿Ⱦͨ죬ʮֿ¡
ҵòģҲõֻҪҽǿҺϢ׳ǣֵڼ䣬Ҳ㻹ܻȥ
¶ģתҪ׳Ƿء
תͬʱʱһֻϢĴӰг֣һذӰãǰһͣᴩĺġ
ˢ
˲ʧ
ͣԭأ˿Լؿλս£һ£ǲܿƵͳЦ
ͱַһץƬʱǸλ߸ǿյġµλһе֮еһźϳ࣬ʱΪ˽໻λã㸶ĴۣʵոѾ֤δȷġ
ĵۿʼ˸֣ûԷλãܲ
ҹһİ츳ߵĲкܴͬڰ֮УΪ޵Ӧ֮
ɣѾ˵̷Ҳ㣬ֻҪϸ۲Χı仯;ٱ͵Ϯɹž˵ۺһֱͣ˸
ȥַɣｻҡһӲԶ
Ȼͷ־Լ֮⣬֪ʱѾһźڳꡣ

Gڸʲôǽսս֪ʲôǽսȭͷȥԣ
ޣBϵʲôսɸӸʲôѵѵ˻굽Ķ
HרҵòãٽߴΪʲôôͣʲôԷԸĹ켣ѵԤһٹ
һȺܵļһǱǸˡ
ZϵվַǰսԶﲻϱȻƣĴţú󷽼ƿԡ
ϰ壬ܸߴ̫ǿˡ
岻֪ôZϵٸߣҲӦӵŶԣǰԲļһ鶯ԱıȺܶ˶ҪḻĶࡣ
ͺ񣬾ͺ񡭡һЩĽԱ
һƶܶ㡣ַͷZϵԸֶʶһ֡
˵ĹƲķֻܱѾп಻ƫƫӶӲˣΪǵٶȸûGϵBϵٶȿ졣˵ܵĹHϵԶ̻ˡ
䡣
䡣
ҲѾַ治ҪȫյͣͶ
Ͷˣһû湻ء
ZϵЩµתַ˸ʽ񣬵ϰ壬ȫ׽
ַֱƹǰȥ
֪˭ַһھö뾪ȡ
򽭳ǵĳǴΣҾѾ̽鵽ǵ겨ǸôãΪʲôҲϻҲ˵ǩԼΪҵūֻҪΪ⣬ҿһƿǿҩ򡭡Ҳҿ϶Ǽȥ
ȥδӣԼѡ
ַվޱĿˣȴ𸴡
Цһ˾̹ٶѣҲٽūǿԳܸǩԼеĻ츳߿ڣƢܳ塣
ַЦ֮תֱһն귢
ˢ
ɫصһû
츳ͻȻ͸еһͷʹѣɲǼʧȥ֧䣬鴤Źڵء
ս̤
һֱԱߵBϵɱս̤һ˫ʮ׸ߵľ˫ȣŹڵϳ鴤Ļ츳̤ȥ
䡣
һȻ˫ػ̬
ֻʣһ̲ࡣ


35 
һԲϣֱɱַɱ¾򽭳ǽʣٽе𾪡
Ҫ֪˫ڵڻɱ̸УһҪնԷΪãһҪȡһЩѡǿַɣԷκ˵Ļᡣ
ǩԼ

ô򵥡
ҵޣҪҪūѡ񡣡ַ浭ȻϿһ˿ĲͷҲκβӣǾղһ£˶Ļˡ
ոջЦ˵ת۾øߴһŲȳ⽴ˣǵĺá
ҷ
ЭԸǩԼ
ͷʣҲϷ
Ҳ
ԸǩԼ
ַĵͷͻȻһɣ̽Ŷһ򺰵ҹ
һӰӿֳַֺۣһȫмʱһװ硣
ﵽ˾ˣҹ͸¶žȡ
Ҳﵽ˾ˣ
ַҲЩȣŶʱ䣬ԼոսٵʱҹԼһλ̹ټ
ȻΪԼ磬Ұ츳ԪԸٶȻ̫ˡ
м幩Ӧ󣬶ǰ֮壬ɱٽס
ַͷɱһٽһֱ֣߼ΣɱһٽͿ˼Σ˼ȷʵʲô¡
Լģַ濴ܣûзָˡ
ҸһģǱ߶Ըһ뺦İеˡҹָһط˵
ޣǸţַһֵˡ
ԼһǱͨȫʮǸѼšͷˣ漣츳ߡ
ҹͷ
еˣ
ַ˳ҹָķȥȻ̫Ӱ֮Գ֡
ꡣ
ꡣꡣ
ַٸʩչ꣬ǱԼԼūȻֽ̨ߴȵߣǹȥ

ŵ񾭽ŶԷ
ոջ۲ܣ֮ڸͿһˣһתۼ䣬ԷѾ֮ÿ¡
˭ͳŶԷ
ĳ䡣䣬Ĵڣܲ
ûлشĻӺ̧һһһĶ˳ȥ
һĻˡ
ǰһ׶ڷɳ֮ͻȻʧǵһۣڶۣһڷɵǸ̶λʱȫһʧ
ţ
ͫ͵һ۵۷˸
á
ͻȻȫҲеΪȫڡһǰȥ
ʱһɫļ׶ͷ­󷽲ʮֵĵطֱ֣Դȥ
ᡣ
׶磬һѪ˿
ں󷽵һ׶ͷ­һڶһ£Ѹأӳǰ״Ŀ˻ȥ
ռ츳ߣ
ų漣츳ôɱľЩţǰ˾̹ټҲ
򡣡
䡯һԪΪģ·ܵӰ죬һһþ˺
ʶǿ󡣡
ųǰһȭӳΧĿÿͺһըըλûܵըĳͬӵмǿ
۾΢΢һֻҲ̧ͬʱ˦
ķݺᡣ
ˢˢˢˢˢ
Բ׶Ĵ²ϴһƬƬռ䣬Ȼһص֣Ҳ֪ж೤֯һ𣬹һΧһĸ֡
кʼͬʱ˲СһȦС
һɣҿ
ȻһΧĿռͬʱһĵŴʮ
Ȼһϣԭء
ʲô
ŴһٴԪܸĶ񱩵ӿţһ¡¡ײ
㵽˭㵽ʲô
ŵ۾ˣѾþȫȴ޷ѳ
ٽʵȴ޷һ˾̹ٵսаܸԷʵ޷ܡ
ˢˢˢˢ
˵Ӱӿ¡
ţ
ַǰһϳҹ˵İеˣгɻ󣺡㾹Ȼû
౬飬Ǵ󽫾Ҳнϵ츳ոĶʱΪͷ츳ܣѵԼߺһ츳ĽǿΪ
ַֻ룬ȻЩƫҲ̫ԶֻΪĲһ츳ߣһš
лл㣬ޡַתЦ㣬һ֪Լڱһˡء
֡
Щϰߣַ֣һ¡
ַ棬䵽ϣŵùɱңҲΡŵ۾ѾѪ죬Ѫˮ䡣
֪һʲô𣿡ЩʵЦ
ַ۾΢΢Լоһ˿ΣյϢǲȷ
Լвˡ238ż˵ҵ츳Χе𵴣ֻҪҵĻе֮ͻᷢȺ˾۱䡣
Ⱥ˾۱䣬ôľ룬ǽҲɡ
ʱҲеѾͨ죬һ˿׹λ÷еѷ죬дĿİ׹з
Ⱥ˾۱䣿ַΣյϢ
ãԱ
ܡ
ַϧѾˡ
ַ棬һȥɡķˡ
䡭


36 
޴ĢķɳǿЮ˲׾룬ӵʱ䣬Բ֮ѾһƬƽأɾӲݶ
Աһ޴ԲοӶֱףҲʮס
ڿӵײһ޴
ѵһ
޴Ĳλڲ򿪡Ƭ̺һӰ˳
ַ塣ϣսѾ鲻жദ˺ۣصһᴩĴȼ⡣ЩȻǹϣΪǱ
ַ֮Ƿޣͬһãϵ˿ȴࡣ
ȻߺͿˡҹ߳
ʧˡ
ַҡͷû뵽ôӲ˵ԱԱ
ȫͬոַ滹û˵ʲôžͷһ㷢ԱӦûзӦ
ַFϵ˲ͷų˶FϵĶӹһ١
Ϊʱִ٣FϵԷαըص𻵡һأߵַȫܵըನĳܵһЩˡ
ַֽZϵǬжʼFϵˡ
Ȼת޺ҹʵεʲô𣿡
ҹƽҸڳһ㣬
Ҳͷ͡
Ľ̫ѣڵս˽һҲûͻƣηѵҹһǶûǾʹӦˡ
أʲô㣿ҹʣռˣ
ַҡͷؼһ֪ܲܳ֡ģʱûд㡣
ʲôҹʵ
߼ַ֡
ҹӦûʲôûʲô֡ȷʵü
߼ּٳ֣Ҳᱻ󽫾ڲò
޵Ļ˾ɥֵڽ׳һðնټ֣˵Ǵյؾл֣ûи߼֣ǾͲ֪ˡ
ַ۾һʵʲô飿
ҡͷֻ֪һ飬Ԥᳬˣ
ַ˵ͷĿͺãسȥȻ֪ˡ
ʱһӰԶЩĽӽַڵԲӣкüٽʱʱɫ䣬ƹԲӼȥ
ַüBϵųսҹͷʵȻسǰɣȥǸ飬һе˵

һ·սɻأַڻΪҹ˽Լļū¡ܿ쵽˽׳ǡ
ߡָָһһȺΧһ𣬲֪ڸʲô
ַͷһȺ˹ȥվȺ
λֵܣĻ־ϰṩģ۸ҲˣһǧԪʯһöʲôҪ֪һһӵջҲǧԪʯѡϰһһҵŻʮö֣۲ν󣬵ǴҪףһöֵļ۸жߣĻЩ˶
ǻսϣرǻڻҵҪõķǶΣգȥԼʵҪʵҪʲôԪʯ
ԪʯǿõװԪʯǿԻԪйϣֱҪԪʯȥ
ðն飬ֻˣѾһʮˣҪˣжȻЩðգǱ񣬻ʮѵãλĻץʱʱ򡣡
һͷİ׾վһ׵̨ϹĶš󣬺ܶ˿ʼ±ʣðյصģʲôѶȵȵȡ
׾Ȼһһش𣬵Щطȴֻһ˵˳ȴ
ΪҪȥĵطǡ
ʮһʮϴͳΣ˵㰲ȫǴҶʮǿʼڵĶʮϣûǳؽһһнܿͻ޳ƴݻ١
˵ӶʮڣǾǵػ಻פءԽСԽΣգرǰǣ˭ȥ˭˸̤㡣
𾪵һ¼ǴԼǰ
һʮ󽫾ɵĶǰȥҶѰһرȫһ˶ûл
صݣַҹǷμðա
ҾÿȥȻΣգҲԼһսУҪͻƽѶȵ졣ҲҼǣ޴ޱȣȻкܶǿޱȵǾޣǺܶʱкܴϵ
Ըᣬ˵ѵһ˵ô֡
ַüȻҳʱҲʵһ֣ҴҰԼ󽫾޷Ŵ߳ЩȥˣʲôǿֻһЩСආǿҲ򲻹
ҡͷҲһܲ˽⣬󽫾֮ԲҽǼΪϵԪ̫Ũңڰеƣ޷Ǿ޵۾ǲ̹ͬټĽսȻɢԪٽǿߣϵԪҲСεðնֻٽԱȥðա
ַ治µˣȷʵûԻø߼֣пΨһһλᡣ
תͷҹô
ҹҡͷν
ǺãȻˣǾȥһԡַһ֣ǽ¶ˡ
ϢʱַϸƬ̣ȡƿǿҺָˡȻ޽һǶǵˣҴϾҪһȥðգַûҪ顣
ǿҺǿǵȸԣȷ˰ɡ
˱ǿҺ𾪵ˣûӦַ˵ʱҪκǿҺ飬пܸҴΣա
ҹͷͬʱͷǿҺĴڻôȻףַ治ѣҲɵ˵ȥ
û뵽ֵһԪʯǿҺȻǳԼ˵Уҹͷ޶ֱַʺݺݵһѡ
ҹͷޣַڰϵͳռ䡣
ڳ򽭳Ǽٽʱַɱ츳ٽ˰˼
ǰȻҲ˾̹ٵʵǾʾȴһֱ߼Σֱɱٽ󣬲
ϵͳռʾַԥѡȡ
ȡ
ɫָָ򡭡ת̿ʼת
ַת̣ӻٵָֹһصͼϡ
ΣȡؼһǷȡ
ȡ
صַע⣬ֱѡȡ
һ׹תַԺ
ʱַ˹ڻϡ
ؼࣩѧԪڸ˶·һͨ˵У绢ض
ַ۾һһѧ


37 Ӣڣ
Ԫڸֱ˶ʨӺͷٶȸ죬ʨӺѾЩˣٽÿ˶ԼʨӺ˺ٽķƲˣʲô˺ˡ
ַͷŻֻ໡һǰһ豭ͻȻͻ촷ۡ
֮ܽ豭Ϊ촷ۣȫԸֵܹٽһַЦ
ص㲻Ǹ˺ֹʽĳ䲻⡣Ͼû˵ˣ˭Ҳ뵽˻øһǸ
ڶ죬Ծɼ
Ѿеһ죬ıñǰΪңַһֱȵҲûзָ߼ֵӰӡ
һƷȷʵĶַҲγ֣һЩоַ츳ʱʹõͫ
ЩϵͳûУַЩΪ˸׼ġ
ܻȥΪȥðնʱַûʱ䡣
׳⣬һ޼ʵƽԭ
һҾ޴ķɴڿУŰ֮ⶼܹ
ַBϵ仯սֱӴӷɴײĽղշ˽ȥվˡ
˶ûУ
һĴɨȺһۣŵӱᣬһһ
ʮûǲˡ
һ֣ɴʼգ̫շȥ
ɴܿ죬һֱǹٷУ֮󣬱̫ա
ϻѾ˵ܶˣǵǲܣһұҪٴǿһ顣ڷɴͣȺٴνټ
⴦ðյأҵϰ塪޽ֵıءΪǿߵԪ̫ϮȲֻЩٽ̹ټСһȥ̽ϣǲҪǵЭ飬ջϽɸǡ򣬺ߺߡЦɨһۡ
ðյصѾˡʱ֮ɴήȥǻȥʮڣĵϣܹһ
˵Щһ֣ԱһȽǽڡ֨һѿ¶ߵٸա
ɴܳʱڴΧͣһʱ䣬һգ䡣
һ޽µĽȿʼжͷաǵĴ£ܿ죬ȫС
ˡһ
ɴײŴ򿪡
šಡһձװͶųȥ
֨֨
ַվ͸УŲΪĦȼյĿͻȻǰһԽ˴㡣
ɡ׸߿տյĽٶȿʼԾɷɿ졣ܿӽ档
ѡ
ء
ȫͨӦӴǰһ˲Ӳַܵȹ̶Ĳλ
ַ濪ţ߳ɨܣ˶

ͻȻһҽдܵ˹
ַȻתͷ򷢳ĵط
ֻһʮңѪ˫ͷԳ˺ʳһðߵ壬ͷһͷһڣͽðʳȥȻתͷץһðߡ
˫ͷѪԳٶȷɿ죬ΪһȺ֮УֻԲСƷֱ̽ץٽðߡ
æǽޡ
˷ȣͬʱ˹ɫ޽Ȼն
ǵһߣ츳̲ڣԼԡ
ɵˣޣӵͲˣɱ˲мĵͬʱȡðյ꣬ſȥ
ܣǰæţǳûӡ
˵һ֧飬˶ûˡ
ַ濴ֳεҹͷҲؿŷԼĿһ֣Ⱥðյسȥ
һ̳н޵Ҳֹһͷ
Уַҹ޻ϵһ𡣰弸ˣַ߶󵽾ˡ
޵ķֲܼʵǿ
ַ濴Ѿðɱһޣü˵ЩˣӦǸոսʱǿǰءʱԽΧľԽࡣ
˦ͷųBϵߴһսһԾڣһ߶˺Ǽٳȥ
ˢˢˢˢ
ȫս
BϵڻֵԴӦ£ٶȱһ٣һʱͻ٣ڿһת۽ð˦
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ǳЦַΪȻϱ졣
Ҳ࣬ǰ࣬󷽣о޳֣ÿһͷٽԶĵطһĺ¡쳹ҰӵƽһСڵĴ£ԼٶðȺ
ã޳Ľ޳ܡ
Ҳ˲ôˣóԼֶΣƴðյӽ
ʱַѾȻټBϵٶڻϻ֮󣬱һٽҪ̫࣬޳֮ǰѾԽȥһ·ȡ
ಡ
Bϵھ治׵ĵͿշУһһֱӶ
̫УҪһλýʮֲףرʮ־޴󣬶ҳδ֪׼ȷͶţַ˵ĽؾðŲСһξ롣
ǰⷢڵأǷٽ䣿
䡣
ľBϵ˵һ£ַ滰һڣսٶȾͿʼһӣʼ䡣
͡
ſַ˴ս
ǣ
һ޴İԲοӶַǰڿӶ·ֱһߣһ޴š
ûˣ
ַٴζһ꣬ȷǴ˵ء
ڶðյصĽдûϸڣֻᵽһӢڣַУڣһĶֻЩͬһ㶼ܸߴȴû뵽ڣ⻹š
Уַڣ֮ǰͷȥ
һʯţʮףʮףϵΪͬͼġʯŴ󿪣⻬ڣϸһͺ
ַϵͺܾЩ졣

ͻȻһҽУһƨɵڵϣָŶλãϲ
ôˣ¬
ͬ򽭳ǵСһ˹ȥߺȵ
˫۾й
ָϣ
˶ЩҪϵ˫ʲô۾ȴӲ̧ͷ
˲ҪϿַ溰һ䡣
Ȼ󻺻̧ͷĿ⽥ͷϷ
Ĵһ÷ҵĵطʱһ˫޴ʯÿһֻ۶ֱͫʵ
ɫͫռ֮ĵλãԵЩƫ󣬵̵λ΢Щƫ£һϸڵĸı䣬ʹ˫ͫû˹
·һ߰Ĺµ񣬳˲м볰
ַտͻȻеһĪ˷Ϯԭأһ۾缸ֻ§ϣӰΣҲ޿ɵֵ
ڣַ̲סۡ³һѪųû˫۾ƿء
Ϣŵ˫۾⡣


38 Թ
ΪԼҲɶѰ֯ðյ޽ûиṩκιϣֻǸ֪һðյ꣬Ӣڣڵϣֻ²֪
ַ˶Դ˵ظǺ˽⣬һð֡
һ˫ʯۣĿϣȴֱӶַ˾ֱ̹ʵ˺Щ죬˵ⷶ롣⻹ֻ⣬ȥڻô
쿴ʯ
ĺַ˼˳ָķ򣬰ʯڵϣ˵Ŀȫȥ
Ԧ޴󽫾塣
ǰʯϱߵıĶѾƻһ룬ֻܿ޵һЩּԼԴпڣӦǸ󽫾óԦޡΪ๱ףȺ𾴣кΪ´ڣ
Ͷˣǿϵƿ̻ȫЩ࣬뱮Ӧߵͷ˵
󣬾˵Ҳ࣬ôһ˵˶˵
ַϵΧϵôֻ࣬ϲֶ̻࿴һۡ
Ȼһۣ˹Ź֡
񣿷˳衣
ַһֱɵЩԣڲŷ֣˵Ĳ϶һȦͺı֮пΪȦյ̫
Ϊͺͷַ̫տʼûзǲӺߵڿ˵ݾ·ǿŹ
ô죿ҹʵȥǵȵȣ
֮ǰѾ̶˴ðַΪףַж
ַûжԥֱȥ
Ǳ˸ĵڵأһƣûΪϵһԼԼ
һʯţַ˱ͬʱеһԼ壬˵һʲôĸо֮˺ܲԼڴĳּǰӷ
һȣҹʯ⡣ȵֱһŵ񣬿ΪԶĹϵмѾƬ
ЩÿһСҲʮ׸ߣߵĸǸߴʮףȫǸǾ޵״ַпܶԼʶľޣиûм
ʮ׸ߣҺܿУеʮֿ
һɫӰٶȷɿĴӳȵı߽
ַȻͷͬʱˢˢˢˢ׷ȥ
֨֨
һֱɫĴǽֻͣɫС۾ַˣ¶η顣
ԭֻ󡣡
˺ǺһЦԼ̫ˡ
ֻзһɨһܣ˵Ҹе
һ½ͬʱֲûʲô仯
ûָоַ濴һ˵أ
ûС
ûио
һַֹ浱ȻΪǷ޹Ū飬һü˼۾ߵĵ
ţ
ַͫ͵һȵ㿪
޷Ӧ죬ڿַ仯ʱѾ˷Ӧಡһǰʮס
ʱ䡯һΪ֮һ


ʯͷĦ˴лָǰʯͷȻ˹һʯƤ䣬¶߰ʯѪ
ʯҵԪתоڵԪڲ
ء
ⲿʯƤ飬һͷ·һľȫ˹ѾǰʯѪ⣬ǻʮһ˳ǰķޣ׶ļ̌𣬺ݺȥ
ءءһ𶯡
Ȼַȴע⵽ЩͨʯôǿĹ£Ȼһ˿ƶûг֡
ǽľҰܣ屻ʯˣ޷ӳȫҹڰַѵ
ЩܹڵԪȻƿʯƤ̫ܿѡ
ȶ㿪ʵֱַһĳ
䡭
ڴֵļӳ£ַһʮȥҰʮرһƴҼλϣʱѿһ϶
ʯĹٶȣҲķĹؽڲλȽϴַһߺһ߽ϵߴȫųлҰܹ
ꡯꡯ
ҰܵڹʯַܼĹ¿ʼѡ
໡
޴Ʋϻ裬ΪʯԭĶʮֻ޷κһˡ
ǽȻѾʯ˺ܴһʵַЩ˻ǺһֶӲŽڵء

һʯɢ䣬仹һЩѪ⡣ҰܱС
ַһͷҰܵڣûзκԴӦѪⲿֵв˷޵Ԫ֮ѹ
ҴмǰԶЩ񡣡
֪ЩûʲôַûȤЩս˼ӺߵðҲҪ׷ˣַûһЩ롣ڲѰһ֡
äĿģðնӵ֯߼ȻԼʱ䣬˵εѰ϶ףпǵֱŶӶֵ֪׼ȷλ
Ⱥַܳ˵ȫҲǺܿ쵽˾ͷﳤȷֳ·һһҡ
󡣡
ûԥ̫ãֱַӳͨ
˴Լǧףǰ࿪ʼһʯвʯѾ򿪡
ʯûκγ裬ֻһԲΰ̨ϱ߿̻һЩ·
ַ˽ȥ
ռ䴫󡣡
˶ʶЩ·һֶ̾Ŀռ䴫
ôһռ䴫󣿡ǰȥΧŴһȦ˵Ķ̾봫󣬴;벻пǸڲ󡣡
ַͷ˵ȵ俴ǲֻд󡣡
ܿ˶ĶʮУÿҲһ
ʱַǰһͻȻˡһ׹
ţ˿˴ţȥ
ǰȥ϶Է߳
ţˡҲַǡһͷ췢𣬿ַ漸˺һ£Ȼֱӻֶ˺ߡ
ַɨһֶۣһʮˣȫٽ
Щ˷·һٳһתһ䷿ڣȻ׹˸ٴδ뿪
ԣЩ޵¡ַˣǸ췢Ӿðն֯ˣû뵽ǴطȻߵԼǰߡ
ȥǡҹ˳
޽ҵ֣ܹ췢ӵֵָֻĵطôഫһһ飬֪ҪԵʲôʱ򡣸Ϻ췢ҲܹһЩԩ·
ַҡͷˣǴ͹ȥѾһˡ
һ£ʩչѣʮСŵӿħħȫÿһħһ
׹жħȫ˳ȥ
ţַüͷ
ȻǸԹ


39 
ʮħͳȥַ淢ʮֻħ´ͻ˴ŴĳȣֻӦǱ͵ҲͨУֻʮֻħ͵ַûȥĵط
һֻħߵĺ췢Ǹ󣬴͹ȥֻֻħҲһλô˹ȥ췢ӵѾûӰ
ߡ
ַһ֣˿ʼ͡
ħҲ˳ȷ·߷أϡȻٴηֿͨʮ·̽ȥ
ϴ޽Ŷӿ϶ûʮˣ̽ȷĵ·ַʮħ߹ԹӦò¡
ҵˡ
ߴΣַͨ˴Թһڰ֮ء
ַһǽڣǰǱֱһ֪ͨͨ˵ͷһҹʯطȫһƬڡ
ִַҪͷϵҹʯȡȴָ˷ֺֻա
ʲôܹӰǵ츳ҵľֻŲʮסȵ
ַҲ⣬֮Ҳֻͷųܶһξ롣˵츳ȼԼ϶Ӳ
һ紵˶ʱַյĵطͨзֱ϶жڻ
ǰд򶷡ҹͻȻ˵
ߣȥַҲʵһ˿Ѫζ
ǰһξ룬ѾһƬڣ˿ҲûˣʹǿҲ޼¡
ҲҪΣաڰУֻҹӰ죬ǰ·ߵ˶ƾԪں˭ûע⵽ѾʧѪζȴŨ
ԣ
ԡ
һйɵ𣬺ǱڰЩˡ
˵츳֮ؽֻܸӦǰԶľ롣ȴ޷һЩ롣ѪζҲԽ
ͻȻͣȻڡһʲô˵ϡ
ˡҹ侲˵Ķȴζ
ַһӦַųHϵ޴еϣһתһϸ

ǧףַǰͨſԿǰģ
ǰĹһӵͷ­ȴ˻ɫĳëҲͺһֻǹվ
ʮ׸ߣֱһһ̣˸еĵǣһֻצָжϣϱ߲ĸֱۺʹȡ
ͷëմѪϻһĲֽŶѲȻո졮Լצָ
ֶòΪˣϼһﶼĺë
ȡȡ
ﱻ۵Ļ⼤ŭˣǰ
һȴҪֱӱܣʮֻĺͷ͹˫ֻ֡ÿֲˡ
ɱ
ַһеļ˾ѡͬʱɫѾ׼˹ޣ͵ؿ۶
һɫзɳ˲仯Ϊһֻײڹ޵ϡ
һžĵҫԱһ¡
һʱ̣ٽͬʱųԼǿرǶ˹ŷɭƼڸװ֮󣬻ǿҪʮǹ΢ͺͬʱ˹޵ϣ峹׸ڻ֮¡
ȥ
˹һս״̬˫̧Ŵǹһһֱǰȥ
˹
ַȻˡ
һֻ׶೤Ļɫצ֡ڻֱһѽ˹ĸ֫ɵָ˹߬Сһ°͡°͡Ĺ
ڡ
Hϵһе˲תһʽӵļڣһ˸ⷢͬʱ۹ߣȻھξ淴˲۳һɡৡһ
Hϵıɱڸ֮Կв޵
ҲǸоΣգһѽ˹ϡֱͬʱǰڼ֮ⷢǰסͷҪ
ͬʱҲִ˹޵ǰ࡯һĵһֱϴȻٶԼ͸ĵڶֱۡ
ֱ۱ڵֱһ룬һڵҲѾ˴룬޷ٴ䴩޵ͷ­
޵ĺͷüĴһڵ㣬Ѿ˵ͷǣȴûȫ͸
ϵֱۣ޵ĺһ±ŤˣͷһŰĽһַ˳
ߡҹӰֳַͣǰһڰԱߡȻһǴڰС
صַ˺ַܽһڰǰһ˸ߵķʲôûֱСŷҲ˽ȥ
ߣСӣɵķ츳Ҳ˶Уֻʣŷɭ
ַȡ
ŷɭš
һ̨ߴſĶ˹һѽӵŶڶȥ
һ΢ͺڵŷɭֽ翸ʽͲռңһѱסзĶ˹͵һڡ
ʱҲѾ嵽˹һȭŶȥ
䡯һ죬һ£ǽȴ˿һ㶼û𻵵ļ
໡
̧ȭһʹĺУǽ̫ˣû飬ҵԼۡ
ŭˣתͷݺݵĶųΨһһ࣬һв˵飬еѪˮ˳ΧĻңӳԵֲ
Ͽ塣˹кѪˮɫӵĺ
˹سȥ˹Ͽŷɭ֮Ѿʮ꣬ζƴòΪַͺãҲ˽ϣû뵽ϿȴҪΪԼˡ
ЦһľܵΧǽڵӰ죬ü΢СֻٻһߴҸܸ̫ԶҪȶ˹ֻվϣû뵽ûһĹͽԼ˾ء
ŸʲôַٴκһɤӣͬʱųFϵֱź޳˹ȥ
Fϵĳ֣Ͽſһ˿ϣ˵Fϵ󡣽ڻ˶ڡ
˶붴ڣַFϵHϵ˫˫ڴһֱӽսǬֻʣº
ַ濴ſ廹ж˹ԺҪš
Ŷ޷ŭַڷпմΧĻ
һʮСͨ·רŸſڳϵЩ׼ģҹҲҪǰУŷɭĸߴ˾ֻС
Ȼ򽭳ǵСӷҪ£ͨĸ߶ùֱͨ
ַڵϣüܸоﲻȫ뿪ҸأһʲôΣҲֱս
˻кǰ̽·һ㣬ǵץʱ䡣
á˵ͷֱǰȥ
·һֱߣЩˮм仹ֲ洦
ÿһֲ洦һôַ֮ܵѹȣѾ޷ٻħȥ̽·ֻһ·ߡ
ԼǰʮӣߵһֲڣǰͨͻȻһϤϤ
ɨҶһ㣬顣ʱƳ٣ԽԽ
ãǺʲôΧˡ


40 ɫ
츳ƣԪĻָҲƣ˳ҹ⣬ʧȥУڷ߲ʲô߿ƼĶӵʱÿһ׷ûһϣΧʮ׵ķΧ
ͨķֲڴһ䷿ӵĴСͣϸΧ
ı߶ַͨǰȥÿһͨڴоһ£üͷ
ߣ㣬Щٶȱǿ졣ַŷɭʾߡ
˹ˣȻʹ˸߼ָҺǶʱҲ̫ЧŷɭϵϽ˲
Ƕסڣ赲һ£жȽϷ㣬ȿʱ˾˳ǣ׷ַԱߵʯϻһͷıǣֽ˼䣬Ȼָ˵Ǽߣҵ󡣡
˸ˣ˷ȫһ߽˷ͨÿ˶Ÿӣʮֻ
ֵһֲڣַкǰߵļͣٴοһ¼ͨĿ̶ȣжͨûжѡҲһͨǰ
ڷֲڵǽϻϼͷǣַһͨ
ǲûаԭ·أȻЩ˵ļ׾ͼ˸ղߵǸֲڣǲҪˣԭ·غ߻һͷޣǶսԴﵽַЩ츳ȫܵѹƣҪӲƴûлᡣ
һʮֲڣַ˻ûҵ·ʱһǱķ˹
ģöӣסǵÿߣٶȺܿ죬ϾҪ׷ˡЩҧ̫ݣλ̹ٵĹ
Ŵϵ·飬ȫƽĺпڣ񱻼˼Ƶģϱ߻մһЩɫҺ塣˫࣬˿ڣСһ㣬׳̵һһѪˮֱۡ

ǰڿٽӽǰߵͨҲӸסˡʱַȫͨУǰŴŵ꣬ӶվҪǱЩӶˡ
ɱȥˣǰ治Զһֲڣǵó嵽취ַһ֣Խǰˣͷǰȥ
ꡯꡯ
гӳֻ·һѼϿǰߵַ
ֳӵĺܴͷС϶һԲεĺڿǣֻɫСųţɢѪһĹâ³Ű֩һȣһǰٶȷɿ죬ַƳɵһ½룬ɫճҺѵ˳ɢ̱ǵζ
ֳӵĹԣȴܵͣһɱؼǵ̫ˣͨ飬֪жٳڸ
ַֻһֵĹֻɫ˹ƹֻʬ壬ַΧ
žž
ֱַ˫һһֱ棬ͬʱ˫ƵķֱӴڳʮ׾롣һ½˶ܼء
𡭡
ַʨӺ𷢶խĿռнԶľ룬һ½ǰʮڵĺɫȫ顣
ȻʨӺԸٽǿ߼ûãֻɱĻ൱õġ
ңǰ塣ַͷҲأ˫ֳǽڣǰ㵽أȻһţಡһµ˳ȥ
ɫҺ岼˷ͨ޿ɱȫմȾһЩǸûȥᣬһֻпǰ塣
ɫ·ˮһӿһЩԽַ󷽵ļҹͷɱַϡ
ַ㣬˫۵ǰס˫ۣǰ壬һֱ뵽ɫȺڣٴη
໡
ǻַӳϵͳ³ȡĳܡ
һɢڿз·γʵĲƣַǰ֮ڵкڳһɨ
ܲרɱģҹӰӺ󷽸СķͨڣٶԶַ档
ַһ£û뵽ҹȻ˵ȤĻȻûʲô飬ȴ˼ı䡣
ûУΪƣɱЩûҪȫַҡҡͷ˵
ɱЩأҹֻİָ֣һǰ
ַ۾΢΢𣬴ʮ׹ķΧڰ
СС㣬Щɫ۾ڷַ䷢ĹߣУر޴ĺ㣬Լ
ַû˵ǻԪĵһʱ͵ر
໡
ȸղŲ֪ٱǿַǰĿһŤˮһ


ɫ滯촷ۣڵɫҺ嶼ǿ˿
޴ĺҲʧˣַ漸˹ȥһŵĺɫʬ壬ܵôǿҵĹѾ˷ҶСһƬһƬ
ǰǷֲ洦ˣҿǡַ溰ۿֻһ˷ֲ洦ˣȴͻȻͣ
ߣôͣˣ߳Ӷ׷ˣöŵġ
߷ǽ£ֻֻȥɱͬʱҲڳܺɫĹֱѾѪģ
ҹַ󣬿ߣ˿
ʮֻ߰޴ĺɫſڷֲ洦ӴĿռ
ַҪһֱŶͻȻžһ±˹ֻ֩һһһ죬Ѿͨϡ
໡һֻŶ汻˷顣
ȻһҲֹĴɢס˷ֲ洦е
ʬͬʱŶûȫַ˹һֻһֻ֮ͨڡ
ܺķԪ˵طʹκμܶܺķԪַʼ޴򶷵ڣڵԪѾķ˲٣ʱ޷ָΪӦδ֪ͻҪһЩԪ
ݸղŵĹ㣬ʮֻ߰ŶҪͷʮ߰˴λҪķ֮һԪ϶ֹôֻŶ棬֪ͨж٣ķôԪɱǲ㡣
ǰַʱ󷽵ķȴЩ֧Ųסˣǵ츳ȼ̫ͣﱻѹƵļ޷ͷżܣȫӲЩ棬ܿ˲Ĵˡڶ˹ѾָһЩʮܵĴǹס˿ӿĶ档
Ȼ¿ַûʲôΣգʵѾܲ
ˡַһʹȭŶԿǰĴŶ棬һ˼Բߡ
ֻͨĺɫӴŶx˹ַϡһֱַҹϽذ׽̴䡣
ݣݣ
ֻɫ׶ͨɹƹҹԽַ棬Ȼ׶ͷһգźɫ۾ǰĴ򦣬ᡯһŶͷС
͡
һɫˮ
ţ
ַͻȻһЦа취ˡ


41 ֻ
Bϵ
ַһӣһɫĺͻȻӿ֣䡯һӵͨУеĺɫȫɳȥ
Լ׵ķͨУBϵַָ仯һ̨гǣͷʮ׳ļìһʮ׶Ŀռ䡣Ա㹩ַ˽
ʲô˴󾪡
ַкгᡯЦ˵Ǽе
˽롮ᡯУַBϵ٣ʼѰҳ·
ǰͷλļìɢŷĽɫ󣬲ϴ̴ڷͨеһֻֻŶ棬ʣµЩͨ棬ֱѹ˹ȥ
Bϵ仯ģ岻ŵʵ
ַͷҲڿ޵뵽Bϵı仯ɡͨд
һֱû̫ںBϵΪBϵ˱ɱս̤⣬ûжսֻΪһߣַˡû뵽ڰ˴æ
¡¡
Bϵгٶȷɿ죬xµٶԽ̥ٹܿ͵һֲڡ
ߡ
ұߡ
ǰߡ
ַ治ָӣҲȷÿһֲڣϱ߻һǣлȷͨ
˭Ҳû뵽һɾСʱ
Сʱַƻص߹ĵطһη˺ɫϳ߶˺ѹѹĴŶ棬вĳһһͷһ
ַ浱Ȼûʱźģֱӡ¡¡ȥBϵٶȣ˲佫Щ
ڵˡַһ
BϵջǬȫָ˶ˣǰķιԴȥ
ںڰСʱȻзҫľ̫˸оơʱͻȻԴ˵鶼ú
ַһͨͻȻеһɣԪʼٻָ츳֮ܵѹҲȫʧ
ףô
ҹҲ˳ȫ¶ɻɫΪǴʱھȻӢڣڵĳλãղŵķͨǿڳȶϣһ֧ںߣλʮΡ
ת˰죬ôתˡ⼸Сʱǰˣ
ߵ·Ǵġܻͨĳڡ
һߴ·ͨп϶бĳڣٻȥһΰɣBϵȫб֤ٶ໨Сʱһ顣
ַۣ
ַҡҡͷղѾѷͨתˣǲû֡
˿ָֻüģ˵طһԹǴǸղŵķͨ߻ԭءҲϾ˭ҲԸԼķأûɱѾʴȵˡ
ַ뵽ϵһЩŷأأһ˽ȥĹһЩȣµӢڣԵðȫˡ
ȻҲкͷ޺ͺɫ棬ЩͨϾǹߣҪ߻лġ
ǽʱҶˣʮ񣬿˶ͨˡ
޴һΧֳȴ࣬кЩƬɢڵϡ
ַҲڹ۲Χüͷܸоʲôԡ
߲ԶһսֳЦŸ˵˶ʮ񣬾Ȼû֪ͷֱܲɱȥҪɱǺͷޣǵȻٹȥɾʡˡ
ַ汻⻰һѣͻȻʲô˼һĵǰüͷ
ôˣʲôҹʵ
ַûзЩʲô
˶Χ˹ϸ۲顣
ͻȻûѪ
Դˡһ£ȫڡ
Ҳ˵ðɱʱǲû˻ˣЩҲȫʯʣʯͷѪϵַɱͷҰܵʱѾ֤ʵˡ
ˢһ£ͷҰܵԣͷҰܵڵѪȻѾʧˡ
㿴ңҿ㣬ϱȫ̫ˡгʡ
ЩѪʲôã
ǱռˣԼʧ
ǱռˣҲһ˿Ѫնû£ΪģѵӢڣʳѪ⣿
ַжֱӸҳ˴𰸡
ȡ˫¡磬ֱԼָϻһ£һѪˮָ们䣬˵ذϡ
˼һĻˡ
ѪˮɺԣܿΪһѪգֹӣЩѪնȫʧˡ
ַüͷ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ̧ͷ˵ٰԭ·һ顣ǲҪңΪ͵ڰǵ츳ܵѹƣܵӰ죬漣츳ߣѹЩֿԼȥ
С
ôУ
ǿҷԣǶַūַҲ϶ԸַԼȥðա
ַȻ֪Щ˵ʲôʱ䣬ѾСʱˣ߽Щ˲֪ѾߵˡҲ汻˵УͷѾɱҽȥҲһΣաҲǸԼա
ΣղͻƣҲðգҴӸղŵľҵİ֮Ҳ̫ں츳ȼѹơҹ˵
ҲȥҲˡ漣츳ߣַȥȻҲȥ
ãǾһȥǼߵţħ⣬ʲôתҡַֻħˡ
ϸղŵ·ַ˺ܿȾͷգȻʼ͡
һΣΣΡ
ߴδַ֮ٴڰȣһŵһɴ̱ǵѪζ
Ҫ÷ˣҵǰ߿·ҹߵǰߣϱûдʱһΣѾ˺ڰС
ֵطʹ÷өһ㣬Ȼ츳ˣԾܴܵѹƣвڰ͵Ϯѳɹܡ
𷢹ַͷ޸ҹȥ
û˿ַۣ漸ߵĺܿ죬Ƭ̺͵˷ͨڴִ˵صѪζŨˣַܸоЩճҺճԼսѥϡӦѪˮ
ǰ˼ӣҹͻȻٶȡ
ͷˡ
ַĬһ£˵ͷ˾˰ɣǼߡ
ûͣ˳ڰһֱȥ
ߺ󲻾ãʮ·һĶȥĺͷ޲˳Ȼط죬ɢںͷԱߵļ߸ʽʬǰͷ

ʮӺַ߳˺ڰȡ
ǰһ߳㣬ַǰʯ̨ϱӦûеֻǴʱѾһ͸ƫſԿΧü·ԶԶĻܿĴڡ
ַ˹۲һΧҪѡһѰңͻȻһ󺰴Ҳƫ⴫
סл֡


42 ɱ
ַ̧ͷȥֻһӿٴҲƫų˹ֱֳָӡ
ӦֺҪӺڰߣԵƫųſڵַˣһ¡
ҪȥڰΨһֻͨǻһգ۵ʱԥһ£ֱҧַ
ȻһԥĹ򣬺еһѾһ׳ϸ̫һĵâͷն
д󾪣һһ䶼ȥһ顣
һ亹ˣæַ溰ѾңҹȥȻȥ󣬻ַһ롣
˵žַȥ
ˢ
һԲμ׶Ŀзɳһɫǰֵλ֮һףиûܣֱײȥ
һ𣬺ɫвȦ
иϽġ
ռ츳ߡ
׷˿޳֣Ҳͬʱͣ¶ɫ
ֳַķ֣һһݣֻһݡֵƴõĶǻкˣԼһԪʯҪֻϣλֵܸܵĺһݡнŵ˵
ǰȻͬʶǿǵı黹侲ˣΪ˻ѾҪ÷ܰȫһЩпּۻۣõһЩô
ģ˵ģ̰ĵģֻҪкôȴĿ־塣
ѣǵĶ뽫ǣǴ󣬻úöλʾлϸ̫侲Ķַˣ˵
ַ濴ˣȫٽӦǵһ޽ߣ츳ѹƵĵطǵʵĳ̶ӦֽСġ
ٽѣַǡ
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ַʻϽҪ͵ĻڵҲƫ⣬Լʮ׾һʯ̨ϡ
ַüͷһʵʯ̨ϵĶôȡ
ַμʶʯڵļ̶̳ȣʵϵΪֹûбƻĺۼܹʯ̨ȡ»֡
Ҳָ֪ųϸ̫˵տʼȷʵûа취ȡ͵Ϯ߸ֻʣһұҲܰѻǣһȭȥ˿û𻵣ʯ̨ϱĳˡ
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˼䣬Ǳһֱǵ޽ȴЩȲˡ
츳ѹƣͷŲٽ˾̹֮ĲѾСֳϸ̫ϱ䣬¶ģһ֣˺ȵɱǡ
ಣಡ
Ӱͬʱַˣַߣֱƹǣںڰȵϡ
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츳ѹ֣Ѿ޷ͬʱ̨ߴǱˣZϵҲӵпߴҪơ
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ĶűΪƿԼΪϡеĿռ׺ƿʯƳɵġûдﵽٽȻƿռ䣬ǲȫƣƿϲ̶ȷ츳
ͬΪ츳ѹƵ⣬޵ƿ޷ǰʮοռ䴩󣬵ǶԸǰˣҲòôĿռ䴩Խ
ᣬ䡣
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Сġ
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ৡ
ѵˮһ㣬ƿĴκٴλصУȻĲϡ
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ֳִ󽣵޽߰GϵͨߴԴ˫Ŵֱӭȭֵȥһͷһȭҳɷ顣
һ˷ӦһЩGϵһⲻʲôɫûӲֱһһȭڵϷһĴС
ʲô˾ŴСΪߵԻٶСռԽԽСѾװ
꣬ǡ
һ̶Ĺ˱Bϵ仯ľѹֱӼѹѪˮˮһѹķ϶
Hϵֻе۷ֱػڣֱѹסһߣһԶҲԵʮɡ
ҲǻֵԴ̫ߣϵߴԪתٶ˿ûбѹƵĸоЩͨߴﱻѹȫһ
գˣֳϸ̫Ѿսʼ׼ߡ
ȻԼǰʮ׵λþӵڣʱƿţֻҪһ˲䣬ɱУȡн߬ŵĻ֡
ۺˣͷԷˣһ˲ΧһУԺֻһͷǾһöֵּһǧԪʯ

ϸ̫бննе粿ĺһȥбֻ߬ŻֵҲ϶ᱻһնʱֱӼֳֻڰȣҲˡ
뷨ܺãҲһҪɹϧǲһ㣬뷨ͳԶ޷ɵΡ
ϸ̫Ѿʼ٣ڽļʮ֮һɲǾҪٵеϣѾǰܵӶԷڽѪȶȡʱһֱ޵İִı̽˳еذǰһ͡
ꡫ
ӸеĿһۣʹ״̬еЩ޷ܡ̫һɣˢһ˵ط
ϸ̫Լǰնųһ亹ж
ˣգֻʣˣHϵѹƵĽ˲ܣַֹHϵĻͬʱGϵסŵȥ·Ȼǰȥ
ַޱ顣
޽߿˿˴ˣЦһǳ
ַҲϻֱӷ꣬˺ܴŽ˵˲ֳһ˲ķ˲֮
֮תɼܷһȥ޽ߵһգɺ˵Ҳȫá
ʱûռ꣬ɺͿˣսٽ꣬һ³ʵ˲١
ͲҪ
ַ˵һ׹ⷢԺڻֺʯ̨Ƕμ临


43 Ѫ̳
ʾַǰӷֻ֮ȫӰ
ɫʯ̨ɺѪʬ嵹ʯ̨ϡ
ЩʬǰһŻֵĻһɫʯ̣ʯϿصķģԲλƣַһ۾ͿЩԼϮɱһЩơ
ѪʣȻǣЩѪˮôʼն޷ʵɫʯ̨֮⣬ҿЩѪˮ١

һ죬΢΢
ַһϸ΢Լûз֣ھ۾оԷԺеľ󣬿Ҳע⵽һ㡣
ַУһȴʮġ
ַע⵽Իһɫʯ̣ϸȥԿʯϳһ΢ɼķ϶
ʱӵͬѾȫˣҲѾ˰Χһȭһɫʯ̵룬öֵڡ
ء
ַֺˣȴӻһɫʯбҪ֪ոͬǿþ˰취ȴ޷ûֲһ˿ɶ
Ļͼˡһץ֣ȻԽ޽߷һܣֱַ档

ַ泤һüģü˵ԽԽЩŹˣȷʵˣҵĲ²ȷпи߼ֻƵıǣҵĲ²ȷεðվͺܿһı
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ԶſʵղŶȡļ䣿ʲô֣
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߶ԪʯΪǺɫʯ̨ѪҺΪ֪ϵ޾óѪҺе֪ľǲҲ
С޿϶Ҹ˵ַʽӦñΪѪֻʮǿŻʹã԰ѪҺе
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ַҡҡͷҲֻ֪ǲ²ѣൽΣǻֻһһ

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ҹʯ棬һ޴ĺɫԲʯ̨ռ˴һλãʯ̨ĽһһɫԲ̣һö־ʯ̵м䡣
ʮðΧʯ̨ϣڽʬسɼΣɫʯ̨϶ȥЩʬȫٽʬ屻س鶪˳ȥѪʱʯ̨
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췢ҲЦˣǰһһʮٽöֵ֣ˡ
Щÿȡֱֺ뿪Ѫ̳ܹٶͣһҲܷһЩرĵط
ǽȥģʵ
췢·λָָߵһѪ̳Ǳߡ
ʮûͣһ̳λøȥ
ߺ󲻾ãһĻˡ
Ѫ̳ϵʬһ㣬ٵڻܿͻһ̲ɫѪˮЩѪˮմȾǵսϣȡߵѵѪˮʴ¾Ȼ
ЩѪˮûԶͱʯ̨˽ȥӵʱ䣬еʬǵսȫʧһۼҲû¡
ֻԭͨʯ̨øʺҫۡ

һַҲڸ·
ǸոյӷֵֻǸʯ̨һˣλѵʬѾȫʧʧȥ
ǲͣʼطѰϣܹðߣһѪ̳
ϴ޽뵽Ӧòֻ࣬ܿʮһˡЩֻԼ֪ЩѪ̳ãƽһֿɱǵѪѪ̳ŽȡַһĹҲΧһ߽Լķ
ȼͬѪҺ̺ǿҲͬЩ˶ٽδ̹٣ѪҺӦûĶôǿǲҪļһμðաַ˵
ȻðߣӦǱƷĴڡ
ôһ˶ûз֣ȫ˻Ѫˮ˰ɣַһūͻȻֹ
ַüѾת˰СʱûзѪ̳һð߶ûз֣һɲԤС
ʱǰһڴͻȻһˣΪһ췢һۿַˣһЦе߻ټǾ͹ˡ
ַһָɱ


44 ֵ
ɱǡ췢˷ܣַָ˺
ǸոҵߴѪ̳ԱֻðߣǺԥɱϧѪ̳ҪٽѪҺðȻȫٽɲ
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һҪˣѪҺǻҪѰѪҺ̳ʮٽȫޣĬɢһǰַ˰ΧС
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䡭
Hϵһ־ͷֻеһת󣬱֧תڣɨźǰηֲʮˡÿһڵشٽǿߵ
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ϴŶ׶೤Ĵ󽣡ֵһHϵں˫۷飬ٶײͣ¡
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ɻĻعͷԼϵʱ̲סһʹĲҽС
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ٽԶ٣㿴ҿ㣬ͬʱ٣롣
Щ쵰췢ӼˣûʱȥйΪڷӺٽѾԼĵܵΧ
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ܵܡ
ߡ
ַһߣ֮תһָĺɫص˲併ٵԷԺݺնԷĻǡ

ͻȻо޽ʹڵϴ
ַһ츳ѹƣͷն궼÷Ч㲻ƽʱ߳ɵһеĴȻԺ췢ֵ
췢Ӳַ֪Լܵʲôףոַ֯˵ܵܵɱ
ܹٽ֯ȫٽʮ˶飬췢ӳбȽǿս⣬б˸ͷԣոַľٶԼֵܶҲûл·
ΣַסΨһˣֻܴǰ˰ڲ
ҪҰæҵܵܣҿΪûйķϻ췢ֱ˵Լ̬ȳϿҡ
ַ濴ź췢꣬ȴԼǰ
һ۾ҵԼһŹ̲ųȻͨһ绰ݸԼ
ַ棬ܵϣҪ͵Ϊһ¡绰ڴһ˵
ŹڵӰַ۾
˵
Ҫһ
á
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ֵ׵ܵԼѡ


45 
ַ۾һ˹Ļ䡣ѾһݣԼ괩Խ鲻ܸκˣҵܵܣ֮ôϣ
ַȻû룬ʵµ֪ԼܵܵѶǿԼȥǶǰҲͼȥѰҵܵܵѶ
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췢Ҳæͳöֵַ棬ҪҰѻȫ㣬ֻҪ
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췢Ӷһ׹ԭַҪΪūѹֲɱǡ
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ַЦΪýǿ߲ϧɱҲҪõĶ֪Щͬеʮͱ


46 Ѫش
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49 ںϰɣս£
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Ρռࣩ֮ɣ񻷽ɣںռ͸ߴսĻᣬǷиߴںϣ
Ķϵͳʾؼʱ
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ˢ
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޴󾪣׸߼ΪʲôԼߣѵΪӵԣж
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ںϺĻֻӦýе֮ġеٶȼ죬ǸܲѪ̳ϵѹգѾɳ̳ԽѪأͨϱߡ
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Gϵ漣İ˼̳ѹѪϿշɻأHϵһֱһֱۣ硯Խڼλϡ
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ಡ
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µĸߴҲսʮף˸˿ƼʸС
˶ˣսĳָ۾ҹַѼЩƼʲôˡһô޴ĸߴ⿴ģӦޱǿ
ַͨϵͳ˽⵽սӵϵߴеȫǿ棬ʼΪ

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ʮ׵ľͻеֱͦվֲȭ߾죬ַѾǧںϳϵͳƼռ󽱽ŵռ͸ߴսԵĵһ˲䣬ȴǿЦ˵һ˲ҧĻսֻ
ַſڵϣͷͣͷҲ֪˶ٸʱڻʵıԵ³ֵսƨӣ̲סЦֹһ䣺õģZϵһС
ս˶ĽԴת˹˵ҵϰ壿ʵ̫ˣûдﵽʵΪҺΪѰ
սһֻеֺǰһֻںŵСϣʳָĴָ°ͣͷ˼ģ
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޶ˣ۾ﻹǸոջֱսս龰ʱսôƨʻʱ뱩ŭѡҵĸ߼ֽȻɱ
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ս֮ſһǧ׵ѪأѪزӵǿһҲ޷һѪطΧɢ䲻ôԶ룬սѡ档
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һ̨ӵܵĻ˵ʵһ˼£ʵϣ޷ĵͼȷʵǻĳǰսϡ
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սĻеϱ仯һ£һص˵ģոճ̫˷ܣǹ۲ʲôطˣԭһӡ
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սĳҹ𺳣ȻǰıʺͶԷȴ˲˹
˫ָոץסޣδ𣬷޵۾ͻȻˡ

۾ĵطͻȻһռѣһʮ׳ĺɫռѷ֣һ£㽫ҹߡ
ޡҹһȡ
͵ػָһ̧˲佫ռѷĨȥ̵ʱڹ۲ܡսʱ̲סͬ𺳵Ӿһ¡
ʲôߴոշʲôӵʱ䣬޷Χ仯̫
ַĸߴҪΣˣȲ˵ô࣬뿪ҹ˵
⻰δ˵꣬Ӣڣ˵ͻȻһҵ𶯡
ۿսһеѾִַϷļ̳ͻȻǡһ˷飬¶±ߵһ󶴡
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ϰ塭
ſڼַ̳޷Ӧһȥ
ΧѪеѪˮȫмӿȥһ˲佫Ǹַͬһڹ


50 ߲ʿռ
ҹͷ޶סˡ
ѪˮǱ˭ٽĽߵߣ˻ͱɸɾôǿҲ˲һͱѪˮ
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սһ䣬еұڽӴѪˮʱ򷢳һҸʴ
ϽջֱۣѾʴ˺ܴһ飬ǿȥַ棬ҲԷеұۿҲҪˡ
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ҹͷɵ㶵վʧļ̳սץʱֽһ䣺õģ±ߺϱ߲һЩѪˮɱ
˲ţֲһ䣺Ҳ˯ǿⲻ𣿡
ʵҹ޶׸ߴ֮ǿϵģȻǰ̨ԲҪַȥƣЩ޷ƣǿ϶ҲַкܴϵŶԡ
Ҿʱͨһߣʮٽٸҹͷ޿ǣȷַ滹û
ϰ塣
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˶ҽٺַ״û˿ͷϵ˫ʯ΢΢תһ£ǿһۣȻ󻺻ϡ

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һܵѶϢΪжʹַ۾£ӦΧ
һӦһСʱʱ䣬ַ͵۾ϲĿǰ
˵϶ԴҲǿյԪַ濴ϣ˲Ԫģٳǰȥ


51 Сز
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֪һֻ޶˵Ŷô޴ĲƸ˸ĸϣȻôΣա
ݱ¶ԽԽĽ󽫾гԽԪ˧ڿʼΧ׷½ءҪɱɱҪܻΪ衣
޵ĽҪսǵսȫԻ֮ѪУȻӵд󽫾ʵȴ÷ӣֻܡ
գһԵԪ˧
ңδε޼ֵԶԶڻ֮󣬵Ԫ˧ȻȴûΪ衣ͬסһӡΪṩѪҺҪͻƴ󽫾ת͵ʱ̳շ
ĺܷһЩ仯
Ԫ˧֪ΪֱҲûٻµһֱ˯ֱ꣬޺Ķз֡


52 ʵ
ٺַ涼ˡ
Ϊ˵õ֣Ѫ̳ιʳѪ̳˻һɫʯ̵ķӡЩͼ̳ʳѪȫ۵Ѫء
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ַ߲ʿռиܵһ̣Сزոս뻯εʱ̡
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СزſɰС죬òϰߵַ˵лл㣬ַ档
ַЦЦ˼صлҲ֪ǻǹӡתԴҪǰ֪⿪ӡܷųһԪ˧Ҳһȥ
˽̸˰죬Ѿ磬СزǸµŮڻشַ漸󣬿ʼѯʹĹ£˵ߵô
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Ҫ˯һˣ㲻ҪŶȻ˯ټġСزţѾڲʵڱ˯˹ȥ

СزǷʱӳģַЩַ淴ӦĻʱСزѾ˯ˡ
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ļѾþ񣬻֬Ƥ޼ٹӦþͿԻγɹˡ
ʱ߲ʿռҲ࣬Χ׵Сزոɾ¶һƬյ
һǰַѾִٽĹؿڣϧȱٽʼͣڰ˾̹ټ
һʱѾνżỨʱϤһ¸ּܣ󲿷ʱ䶼ڵȴСز
ʮڴʱ䣬ÿһܵȵСʱ˵ʱ䡣
ʱһһȥַüͷ
СزÿѶ׼ʱѾ˰죬Ȼûַ治Щ
ʱͻȻЩѾԼԶ߲һȫԼ߳˹գ۵ǰȻַǰĲʵйȥ

̳һӡ
ַΪ߲赲ǰʵȵ߲ȫʧַ淢ǰԭ͸ĲʵʱѾȫ߲ʹ֣ߵСزӰӶˡ
ǡҪγɹˣַѾµ˴š뵽뿪طһ
ֻǳȥ֮СزҲ͸뿪ˣʮദҪ뿪ʱ򣬻Щ᲻ءַЩӣӦ뿪СزؼңʱһЩû뵽Ҫһʱ򣬷Щᡣ
ǡ
һ죬ʵַһѿһ϶
ַȴţǡꡯһѷ䵽˶ʮ׳
ǡ
ʵϵѷ첻࣬ԽԽܼžһһɫ¶Сزµӡ
һĿͷʣµǽʼ䣬ڡһȫ顣
Сز
ַ档
˸ŲʵĵǳϦദʮ꣬ڽһκ谭ļ档
ַ档
Сزĺ촽һʵַ֡
ʮʱ˵̣ܶǾȴʮʮʱУ󲿷ֶһڳ˯һҲ㹻ĵĻ鶯ɡ
ԵһȻӵһ𡭡


53 ؼ
ȥӡ²㣬Сزʱ䲻ֻڸĸߵʮꡣ˵׻ֻǸŮѡ
˸ĸַӴʱˣַĸĸȤĶ࣬ὲܶ£һʲôŮ˵Ǿ޴ġѲ֪ʮеһϲַ档
Ϊһֱ޵̬СزȻ˵ȽϿţվûо飬֪Լַİ⡣ֻ§סַ壬§ַͷҪѿˡ
Сز㡣ַʹ൱Ԫ˧һٽһ챧ˡ
СزŷӦֱۣ࣬Ȼַ档
ַȻ㲻鳡֣ҲʶһЩŮˣرǰвŮӶ⣬ȻܹСزԼĸ飬ڵ˲Ѿʱ䡣
ǲСزöôƯжôƣַ涼֪Сز֮࣬Ľޣȵǵ赲Խ
ⲻ˵ַ˼жౣأֻΪһԵˣѡһµʱҪһԺķܡ
һ˸һϣĺӻʲô
һַСز̸۹ϧСزҲ޷𰸡
Сزһ£ַԼΪԽܵĳ̶ȱԼСزϲҲֻϲѡ
ڿԿԪ𣿡ַ濴Сز۾ʵ
ΪСزڻûд·ЩΪ顣
Ĵ۾תȦСزͷҡ˹ģ϶ᡣ
ַЦһǬȡһԼ·һְСزϣһ̵߽ţѾǸˡҼǵ˵˳˳ƺͬطôһҪѧᴩ·򱻱˿Կġ
Сزʵʲôأ㶼ʮˣҲûٵʲô
ַ汻ʵⶫԼĲûشܲܵ˱˻ԣֻ˵ûȥ衣
˿ΧĻ߲ʿռѾʧֻʣһ޴Ŀռ䣬в֪ͶĹߣҫıȽ
Ǹ뿪ˣʮ꣬ҲѾȥһ꣬ҵͬǲ֪ôˡַҹǣ֪Լ߲ʿռǶôˡ
˵һؼҡСز±סַ棬̧ͷĿ
ַЦЦԴ˵ؼң͵ſڣһҪ뿪ġ࣬İְɲһӭء
Сزʹҡͷģģҵİְܺõġ
ַҡҡͷҲʲô뽫СزȻ뿪
һСزᣬĸıַ棬кҪȻҲؼˣҪһ㵽ҵ
ַС۵Ҫԣ㶼ôˣ㸸ĸжżǿ϶㡣
Сزת۾룬ԥôˣҲ⼸죬ȸļңȼס˵طٻ㲻ҵĻҲȥ㡣
ַôܴӦСزĸĸ϶ҲСزڵܵ˺ĸĸŭֱ롣
ַɾܾСزô˵ȥַļǵߣҪַؼҡ
ַû취Ȩֻ֮þȸһؼһˡ
ռܴ󣬵ҲֻǼֱĵܸͣߵԲοռ䣬ַոյ߲ʿռʱ߲ڱУߵֱߣʵתȦʱû赲˺ܿͨĳڡ
СزȻѾΣûнܹѪУûп츳ҲʹԪ
ַӶļ̳̮ɵڷ˳ȥһ·ûн䣬ֱӷɹڰȣ봫󣬵ִһ㡣
һ·ϣСزϸַԼļңСʱԼˣһЩ
һֻ󽫾ĺԼȥ۸Сľޣһֻر˯ͷţıرĿˡ
ַҲ֪СزҪѪҺҪ׼ΪޣǾеĵλǳߣΪ񡣶ЩѪѪҺǾԴ׳ѪҺΪ׼
֪ѪǱԶﴫﴫģͼη͵ִࡣ
ᵽӺʹǣַ뵽ֻޣһߺӺһǵʬƴģǶǴ󽫾ʵֻǱӡСزǸԪ˧ɱġ
ǰһתǣתǵһ߾һĵȣҲСز˵ȡľ޶ǽػСزļңָǰ׼ľ޽׼
ַûͣһתȣȻһ˲ͱǰԾ޸ˡ
𡭡
໡
о޼˲䷢ַ棬뷢ŭмֻѾһеĳ
УɱΪϵĲϣɱΪǰ൱Ӫḻʳ
ַĳ֣ʱЩµľ
ۣۡ
Сزŷȭǰںš
ЩڵǾͻȻסˣˡſڵأʣŵò̧ͷ
ַ澪ˣȻ֪Сز󣬿û뵽Уֽ׼Ӱô޴󣬳ɰǧĽСزԥſڵأ״𺳡
ôɡСزŪ
ַͷ̾ȷʵ
û谭ַһѾСز˳ȣɳʯ֮⣬ŴӵԿ˼ۣˢˢĸַ׷ȥ

谵Уһڱ˰յĴڻ׹ɫЩʡ
ƽԭϣһֳ׾޽Ŷڶһֻޡ
ֻޣһֻǰצһֻѾʧжЩ㣬ӵгԽͨٽʵĹ£صЩǱ
ô˵ģҪأȥƴηηβʲôʱܹͻƽ
вǧ׵ĵطһ̨ʮ׵ľ͸ߴǴضŪ˸зϽޣֻ֪ܣԵô
б࣬һҧأƴǳȥΪ̫˹ʱзϾһצķɡ
ѽ
޽֣صĵ˵ϡ
񿨳һ޴ơžһϣսζԶеʧʹģٸһλᣬ첻ҸɵǰһƤ
ȥս
пŸһĲзϾǣһҧٴγȥ
뿪սӴš䡯һȥһ첲ΨΨŵŵļٽߵԽ̵һ꣬ɵҲܽˣȺﾹȻɵӶ磬ñԽǸ˭˭˭
ˮͰֵָ˵˹˹ƨƨߵ˹ңˡ
ص㡣ս۾ص
ǡ
˹ϽӦһŴǹܵսĺߣ䡯ġĦ
ַЩūһǱĥˣÿӲ޶սӮͰᣬӮ˽սľޣٰᣬ֮ÿ춼š
տʼʱЩٽһȫĺܣǱöˣҲֻˡ
رǺ˳˽˲ŷ֣ԭսҲôɺޣٻܰǿľצӴϣոպֻǿһѡ
ЩÿŪһͷĲзϾٲĽ޶ҪˡսµԹΧŵļûһҷϻģֻΨΨŵŵĵͷǡ
ʱ治֪Ϊ
սĻеϣֱ࣬ӣֻɫâ˸˼£ͻȻһеĸˣ˵޿ҪˣϾ͸ô࣬ⲻҪ𣿡
һ仯һҳ׵С̫շɴײſ߻㲻״ļٽǼǸ˭˭˭ӽ
һսûôûǽڣͻȻľٶһ¾üٽ
ԶĵƽѾԿһźڵڿٷŴõѾԿмͷȽϸߴľ޵ģʱŵɫҰס
ַСزϣ·񱼵Ⱥ̲ס̾ôĽޣŵϣǿԺɨһ򡣡
СزУûֺõֻҪϲԺ󶼸㡣
ҿɲ˼
ַСӣЦͣɣǰ壬ðЩ¸ɵˡ
Сزַӵָ·ۡĽ˼
ٱܵľȺʱͣ½Ų
սѾҪɣо޶ͣҲֹͣҪеĶתɴĴͷȥ
ಡ
ַ汧Сزսǰ


54 ҳ
ڰ̫գһɫ⻮
ַս̫շɴУСزĸڵһǡ
Ҹ˵ǸкĽҲǸ޿ɴǸӣ֮۾ֱˣǻеߣҪľͷͰԼˣƨƨߵĿŷɴǴߵС˺Ǹͷصȥˡ
ɴڣսģһͶӰʾϣĭɵĽԼĹ͡
ַĬĬţüͷΪոͨսϵҹ֪ͨǱ߿ܷ˵飬Щ
սĻַ˺һŷӦ̧ͷʵǸǩԼûУ
սмʲôԼԼūоƬԹ۲ⱻūߵҳ϶ȣԶ̲ٿأһźžΪ̱Һ
սô˵ַŷ
һֱſַСزսĴ꿩Цָսӵַ棬˺ÿɰᴵţ
սΣǻҷ
Ҫ֪С¿ǼٸǽеͳǴﵽ˴󽫾Լĺ߷ءĶҵ
ɴٶȺܿ죬󣬷ɴһ̫ա
ಡ
ɴԼٶȴ㣬̫һ泤ߡĵطһͷʮ׸ߵľ޴ţĺߡҲͬʱ
ַ棬Ǳ߾ҰְļˡСز˷ܵ
ңԶĵƽϣһױȵľ޴աƵϵճǣǾҪǸճǴĶ࣬մ½ࡣ
衫ߣҹȥͨһ¡Ѫɫţÿսͨ˵
ǾȻձǻ۵£ǵ˽ѾԿͨˣԪѧ
СزڲʵΪʹԪ巢ϵͳҲûлȫԲֻý󽫾֮ӵеַ潻̸ġ
ַѪţͷõģ鷳ˡ
ţҲ˵ֱӻΪһѪɫâɳȥٶһּӿһܿʧԶ

޴մ½ϣΰΧɽΧƣʮɡ
½λãһһŮӰΧһͨཨСķУüԡ
Ůʮǣͷϳһ˫ǡ
ѾһˡǻûҵززϢ˵᲻ᡭŮ¶ʮĵı飬оӨ֮˸
Сѩͷ˫ǵӸϽοСѩǸߵ·ߣѾȫѰҹˣڡʮһҼˣûҵزز
룬ҲܵʱѾĻʱ϶ص̫Զ
ΧϵĻʹǶʱҲززҲʲôΣաӿ϶˵Ҳ˵Լ
ŮСѩҡҡͷСѩſڰ֮ͫۿ˴Сѩ֪߳ģ˷ӡʱ򣬿ҵ֮ͫһӡģӡ϶Ҳǽ⿪ˣСѩôûϢ
⻰Ҳ޷ˣֻ̾˿
СزĸĸĴŮСزĸףһֻޣӵıһ
Ϊ̫٣ֻ֪Сزĸѩֻѩֻܸ廯εϡ
ʱߴ衯һ˻
ţǣ
Сѩͬʱ̧ͷжɻ
ǵһ£ǸǱŮͳѪţ
ˢˢ
ӰһѾ˽⣬ٶȳԽ˹ߡ
ţ
շͷѪɫţѩ϶ʱ¶ϲɫ
ززôûлӿĸϸһüë

Ѫţأǰڵϣͷŵ棬ͨ˵󡣡
ţʮףǹҲжʮ׸ߣСɽĸǰ
ѩʵţززأ
֮ѩ඼սͨｻţȻϲҲòشλĻ
ززںߣһġ
ࣿѩͬʱü
ôɣץסززؼң϶ʲôҪ
һۣжɻ
ô˵ǾԼŮһģλŮҲֱͣһʧ

սķɴڲǰУַڵȴţĻš
ͻȻӰڷɴǰɴȻֹ
Яǰӭӹͣһۡ
ڷɴǰģززĸĸ
Ϊʶν󣬵Ǽս󣬻Ǹеһ𺳡һ۱֪սͨķɴǸߴ仯ɣô߿Ƽĸߴû˵
ܹӵһ̨ߴҲһ˿Ȥ
̬֮ôȴս޹أΪַΨһŮ
ְ֡衣
Ŵ򿪣Сزһ˳
ûеõУԪȴʹãۿҪµȥһӰͻȻӺ߷˳һѽ
ôôëꣿַЦֵȻתͷǰλãַ档ززؼҵġȻλӭڴ˽ӣ£ҲÿЩء
Сزֱסַ첲Ӧһؼҵģûء
λŮѼĲУַ治ҪҪ뿪ǸеЩ죬ѵԼŮûҪر
ǿԼŮַ֮ܵĽӴɫ΢΢һ䣬رࡣǽü
ѩһ£ֵһۡٴλָȡ
ţŶ뿪أο㻹ŮľˡҵȻҲͨǣݶɲܲ𡣡⻰˵ĺܿȷʵмߡ
ַԥţСزӣҪ뿪ҲǲܵģֻõͷӦ
Ǿ͹ˡ
ַߣմ½ȥս˸ںߡ
λһֻԼŮֱʱŷַ汳Ȼûдﵽٽ
ţǼλټ˾̹ټţϧ̫͡Ӵ
ʲôҪףؼֻ˾̹ټпܽԪ˧ֺŮɲҡѩ͵ַ棬΢Ц
üͷٴ𣺡Ǹ࣡
ôˣѩˣҸ㻹ͬһأ֮ΣΪʲôͲܸһ𣿡
ˡһεʱͱӿʮ꣬Ųò޸㣬ѵҪززһ˿Ȼټ޸һˣ
˵ҪǵŮ޸һֻ޷εҰޣ
˵ΪŮףɱŮľˣ
˵㿴ŮжҪƻŮҸ
౻һʵƿԣͷϺˮ
ʱǺߵַҲû뵽ԼСزؼҵľٶȻתˡҳ


55 
մ½ϾɫʮĲλһŽ⣬Χɽˮݡ
ַеǣСزĸĸ⣬û޵ĴڣΧɽˮвͨҰ
γ̬֮Ҳкܴ仯ȻǶе׽ȴҲԸסһˡ
ַ۹⣬ѩЦŽ͵Ϊٸ߼ޣڻ֮ǰô·ɡ
ַ·⼸֣￩һ£ĺܼ
ѩɫЦЦƳһɫ̫ÿ࣬㿴ɣȻءô죿
Ҳ˵ֻǵһͷŤ˹ȥ
ʵıҲһ޶ģûмϸ˵Ҳûͬġֻ֮Щ֮ͬѩ˵ģǲ·壬ӴûôԱСĻ΢һЩġ
ַ棬ĸʲôģ˶ôмˣ
ѩѾԼĸĽɫ䷳ĴַĸϢ
ֱַͷֲۣܲشֻӦ
̣ĸûȥˣﵽҪµ·̣ҺܵĻȥˣһЩ顣ַıܳϿҡ
ѩЦЦ˵ززϲ㣬ͷ棬湻ˣҺʹȥҲͼӵ¡
ӣַΪԼˡ
ѩͷ˼ĻԺҲ㡣ˣ⼸Ҹͷѵһͨ涴ֱǵ̫ձڵԺززȥҲ򵥡
ͨ涴ַЩˡ
Ԫ˧ȷʵʹսҲ޵мĴڡǾԪ˧Ҳÿһͨ涴ģѩ֮Ըô˵Ϊʱƿ츳̶涴Ҫľǹ̶涴ڵʱ䡣
ͷİɣļʱЩæ̻û׼أ漸죬ȹ찢׼ٸ㡣ѩЦַļЩݼڵ˵
Աߵɫһ䣬׼Ǹ
ѩ˵ͷЦŴҸղԴַ츳ˣȻ˫츳һ漣츳ôõʣΪ˷һδѪʲôɣ
㡣
ɫЩѿⲻǸززѪУǸһ࣬ͷŴѪԪġ
ѩЦЦֻҪַ浱ԼŮͲˡ
ߣ˼һһԸء
ѩǺһЦİɣұ㿴塣

תۼ䣬¹ȥˡ
ַÿСزմ½й䣬;ۿѵõķ
ֻż뵽ڲ֪ʲô£ַоͻһ˿
ززְ軹ûô
һСԱߣַͷߵСزʵ
İְ趼ۣӦûϢءСزںϵһʯϣζžӨСѾϽˮߵ÷ɽúܿġ
ַ濴СزĵӣҲЩᣬѩˣ˵涴Ѿͨˣ˵ʲôʱ͸ûصˡ
ַ棬ʱַԺдս
ʲô£ַʡ
ĸ׼ˣáǵôСززһսЦ٩ѩԴַ̬ˡ
ѩǰַһۿԷľ״̬ܲãΪΪ˴ͨ涴̫ۡ
ززѩٻ
ַ棬Ƕַ溰
Ҫʲôôء˷ַֿߣв²ԷҪԼȥ
һʯ⣬վɫַ棬СѩΪ˸׼ǴԪҪһָܻҪúðջᣬ߶һЩʱ䡣
ַɫһ䣬ʵ壬⵽ʲô̫أַܲ𡣡
һ˵Ѿ׼ˣܲҲܣСѩĴѪ˷ѡ
ַ淢̾˵ѪѾ׼ˣȻȥ󣬴ֱӰٽ𡣲㲻ޣܴʱ϶ܵߴų⣬ʱ߼ʱԽͻԽϡǿֹȡԣΪСѩѪᱻ˷ѣһҪһЩʱ䣬Ҫʧ
˵꣬һ֡ǰš䡯һ򿪡
ЩȥһߵĴͿʼתˣҪ˷ѡ
һǿĲӵϮʼӷϽߴַȥ
ˣַҲܣѩĴȷʵʱ衣ºԥĳڡ
䡯
ַرաڵסйߣܷʯʱڡ
ʯֻλһ׳ķˮأŨԪˮʯ
ѪУַ漸ߵˮԱߣŨԪδ룬Ѿܵ˽
ͨһַˮأʱ䣬һױȵľ޴͸Ƥڣ·𽭺Ӿһ㣬Ű
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һϸѣַʹﵽ޵壬ܿ쿪ʼٽ

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ֲСزһΣԪ˧Ҫ׽ֻѪһ㣬޵ѪҺˡַս˫ȭ
ٽӦÿʼɱ䣬츳򣬲ˮкһѹңʱ޷ɡַܵʱ״̬ʾЩѹ֡
ԽԪڣˮеһҲʼ֣ųַ棬ҪƳ⡣
ûд򣬾뿪ô׵£ַ淴˱۾˳С
ʱȥԪַոɾǹųҲʼԽԽ

һ죬һɢźɫâݳˮУֻݲûˮ渡𣬶һֱַǰ
ͬʱݵĳ֣һϢֱӴַС
򣺴̼֮ʹһ̶츳ǿ̶ȷ
ַҡҡͷ˽һԳ־ͷŵĴΧ츳ܣҲǷֵġǿ츳ֻͨ츳ǿ
ٽǿ츳ѡǿַ滹ԼѣܾѳܸһЩ
ַҪõĸǼΪ츳
˻ɫžһʧȻһɫٴγ֣λá
ڣഴ˿ɵõٻظʱʹãɳٶȡ
ַٴҡͷڸ࣬ϵԾɲڴ
Ԥ򣺿ɿӶԷڵʶǰԤ֪Էľ
򣺿ʹԼή״̬
λ򣺶ڵĵ겨Ӱ죬ʹλʶ
򣺡
򣺡
һݲȻ飬лмͬʱ֡
ҲмȽϲ򣬵ַûѡΪǵ˵Խ󣬳ֵԽϡУҲԽǿ
ˣų̫ҿҪֲסˡ
ַ彥ˮиͷѾƳˮ棬ٹһַ½ų⣬ʱӦþʲô޷ѡˡ

һݳ֣ͬʱַҲٴϸһΡ
ӡ򣺶ڷԪ̼䣬͵ʦ
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ģ¿ٵĳ涴ڻЩԪزҪǱķСָЩԪزгɷ顣
һһʮ׸ߵľ͸ߴСͳ涴˳
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2 һʮ
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3 
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ۡ
ΨһҴٽһ㣬ַһϡá


4 ԲҰ
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9 ʥ̫
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10 ̫֮
ǿַһǰܹΪʥ̫ӵǵʵʹڽҲǼǿġ
ַɨһܣʥ˶սˣһֱվʥ̫ߵΪδõδĽǿҲˡ
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ǧֱĴռ仹ЩСˣĲôǿߵķӣܼ빥ռ䶼ڱ˹ҹܵ˲һɱһǿߣ㱻һ򱬷츳ܴˡ
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11 
̫ӵˣ־ǰʥ˶ˣЩ̹ټʥ˶ƴȫԼе˳
ô˵ĺһԳ˴󽫾սľԷֱӱһκϻ˷顣
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䣿
ַͻȻǰһʮ


12 ʥ
ޱߵ̫Уʥһٶٽʮս仯ķɴߣٶȼΧһƬȦ
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14 ﵽ
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16 ȡ
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˶ˣþȫͷųԼĹԼΪʵַ档
Ľ󽫾ǰǳƬ츳ܺХԼ


19 նɱ󽫾
󽫾Ƭ츳ܰΧը
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22 񱩻еԴ
մ½кܶ࣬ȵķֲڴΧκ½֮䣬ûнӴ̫Ҳûзָ̫ԶĴڡ
ַƣЩմ½Ĵڣ˾ס;֮⣬ҪҲһ̵ֵáӵմ½ˣʮǿԴҸԱֻܿȡԼ֮ڵı
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23 
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ѣǰҹ󽫾˹ҵĵ̣ˡ
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ػ꣬츳ܣƿһΪٿؿʹá
ϵͳʱϢһļˣַ֪ʲô
ڣַԼ츳ܿػ꣬ϹڿػϢȫ˹
ԭħеʮħ꣬Ǹħ𵽿ػáϧûпʵ壬Щħʵӳ
ַҡҡͷ츳ܵ״̬˳ػļٴαϡ
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ʶԼǰ˸Ǿǵ͹սܣҪ֪սܼ죬ҵһںϳʱһﺰĿǡսֻ
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ʱʱѾȥˡ
ۿսԳƲ˹Ĵ󽫾Ѿͬʱ嵽˺ɫֵԱߣһϢʾַԺ
ɣֽ׶Ϊ򣨸߼ͷֱף츳֮ĽͰٷ֮ʮ
ˢ
ûֱַͣӴսɴĲڵۺڰ֮תʱһڰΪɢ
졣
ˡ
˹ͷһΣٴλָʱѾַԻ֮ͷųĻþ֮С
սû仯ͣһѽɫץȻԼĿһֱӽ䰲Ž˻е֮ĵڡ
ΣսɣԶ̣ȴеŮ
սĸͻȻһ¯һֳߵ¶£ʷʫȺʼڻ
СӣҸ˹
ʶԼƣ˹۾һΣյķ϶һ˦ɫХն
ΧǻþǻþϾֻǱûйҪģֻɱͷŻþ˶ѡ
һɫնڿвϵķѣ仯ɫֱն˷ܿܽȫǹʱ򲻹ܶԷģ
Ǵ
ַǴ֮۷ŲϷѷɳĺɫٴξۺɱ˹ڡ
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оľжϣ˹һʱжϳԼڵһ
ģΪӸղŵĶһƳУѾַݣһСһѡ
Уŵ֮ͷףٺ٣ϻþͷţȷʵǸֶΡϧʵ̫һҲܲ𡣡
˹Ц˫ͻȻһɣ˲ɫ⣬ΧиȥûʹþƣȫַĹ
ˢˢˢˢˢ
ĺɫնУ򶼸˺ɫַչʩչٹҹУǿܶܵЩ湥ϱľһѪۡ
̫ǿˣ⻹ֻǾ˶ѣֱնУɡ
ַ濴Ѫۣµ뵽
Ϊ˽ֻӵĻӦÿӶԷһӵʱ䣬û뵽̫ˡ
󽫾̫ǿ󣬾㲻츳ܣͷųĹҲ޴󡣡
ַ治϶ţ
Էûʹþôַ޷תֵַסԷι
ַԻ֮ۻܷã˹ַ֪ȫλͷţٶȺ˺ɢŸַܵĿܡ
ûԻۣ֮ԿһιҲ㲻ȥ
ַٴʶ󽫾Ŀ£ǽԵֿġ
ˢˢˢ
һûоƵķʽ˷вٹնַ档ַһδζܣܿ췢֣նԼλõĵ⽥
ô£ַЩɻ󣬡ѵѾҵڣ
һַ֣еľ
Ȼתͷ˹ųƵ΢Ц
ַͫȻ


24 ɧս
򣬾ڵ֮Ե˵ȻûʲôԣȴƶֵĹ;֪Ѳ
ңַԻ֮ʩչ޷ʹþ£ҪҵȷʵǷǳ鷳
ڴ󽫾˵Ҫڶ̾ҵһˣһЩġ
˹ƺҵĹʵÿһζǾ൱׼ȷļ㣬ЩֱӴƫҲˣһĿ꣬ɫɢϢ׵أַķλ¶
ٺٺ٣ܵĲܼŶ
˹һЦٴεֳӽ֮һĺɫַڵ
Ȼûַ棬Ƕٷһ˿Ϣ˹ַ֪ǲǸֻ֪϶طͬ˻߶
ţڿоѰҵλá
ַ濴ŶԷΪѾ³˶Էʹõķÿһɫ϶̺ŰԪֻҪ²˸ߣҲܺܿƾΧİԪҵҵڡ
ַЩΣԻ֮۶Ը󽫾ǿߣ׻ǲȫӣӦÿԷиоһԻԷ޷ҵԼڡ
ಣಣಣ
ĺɫַն˹εĹ֮䣬϶øСˡ
ʱŸչȥʮ룬ѵҪô
ַıЩأһòƳ˲ɵ
ܷʮѣһܳŹȥ
ҧһַ澹ȻӭŲ˹ȥ
ĺɫַ˹֮䣬ַһһ϶֮дͼ̵ͷɨǱһЩ
ڱ˱ߣɢİԪ˲佫ַλ÷˹С
ڻǱҵˣҿ㻹ܡն
ˢˢˢ
һţһݣϰɫⱻһ˲ն˳һγһɫַ˹ȥ
ٹҹС
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ˢ
ɫıԵַսѥϣ·ն˿У˿û谭˹ȥֻһ㣬ַҪɥ
⻹ַǰжܵĽҪն֮ٶܣûаֳɹĿܡ
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˹Цһӣһɳɽַ˷顣
ˡ
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ϣľһʮ׳˿ڣ¶ɭɭ׹ǣȴɹĴһ֡
ɢԪΧİԪ˹ոΧԪĸӦ˲䱻жϡ
ɶ񣬾Ȼҵ뷨ôôҪҵĹѡ
˹ЩգԸһСôʱ䣬еЩûӡ
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ʱӳַٴζɼǵ˿ڣм㱻նУҲֻܾܹҪλ
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ಡ
һӰ쵶ķ϶֮УѾʼ١
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Сҿ㻹ܶãȥ
˹ԽԽ꣬ôʱ䣬ȻûСӡԼеЩ˼顣
ʮ롭
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ΣսɹڵȼΪ󽫾ȫ壩ﵽȫ󣬿ɼ
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Ȼ˿ҵĹڿƱķϣȻû˿˺
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磡
ٶ̫ˣԲ˹󽫾ݣȻûȫ׽սٶȡ
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ƾľٶȣ
Ĵ˵ϣټϼʷʫϵĸս֮ͨ󽫾ǿ̫࣬񱩻еԴеԴں֮Ļе֮ģܹ˲Ϊ乩ӦԶ󽫾Ԫ
ٶȣȫԶͨ󽫾սǿڡ
屻ҷɵͬʱ˹ƺһۡһ»Ϊһźʧ̫УΧںһ
ֶΣЩٽ仹硣
սЦһ£һ̽һǿĴԪϯΪһǧ״СģȻһա

˹屻Ӻڰܻ֮˳ϵĹͷһһ롣
ֻͨĺڰɢѣΪԼ廯ΪɢԻ۾
սСһѵĲ˹ᵽǰĴӶԷռѳһɫҩȻһַߡ
٣СӣɵĲܹڴ󽫾¼ʮ룬⡣սЦš
һֱӽһָܶҩĿȥ


25 
ָҩ߼ĻָҩһҩעȥַɫϺࡣ
ʵѪҺܿԹɣǿƶ£ЯŶָҩЧܿעַÿһ
׵ľۿɼٶȳѪɫȻ˿м䲢£ϡ
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սٺһЦ˵ָֻһЩϣ״󽫾Ϊʲôôǿ
Ŷ
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սͷȷʵЩ˵Ȼһ磬Ҳǰ˵
ַһϴӣսż˵Ϊǰ磬ȼ֣ǰսߣ̹٣֡ǰԪͨ죬򷨣Ⱦ绮֡
ַʱͻȻԴһ£ȵȣ˵ĵȾ磿ʲô磿
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ַüʵ˵󾳽磬ÿ綼Ӧ߸С磿̹ټͽܹǻһС磿
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£ܶ󽫾ʵǿ̫̫࣬ͬȼ䣬Ҳ޴󡣡
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Ԫ츳֮ͬؼʵ봢е츳֮ͬԪǴ֮УֻҪʱ򣬿Ծ츳תΪӦԵ츳֮ѡ
˹֮гԪǺ顣
ʱţԪĹġַҡҡͷε
ʬĿͼģʹûԪʬãԪҲὥţ޷ۣƷ
Ŀܣʵ鷳ҪĲҲ̫̫࣬󣬸оЩǮء
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ַ濴һսߺԾı仯ɷɴ״
ַһ߽ɴڣһߵεϣͽˣǧҪסԷϸɱ֣ܵһԺˡ


26 ӯӯ
ΡӵĸɽŭĽӣƽԭݴ̣ﻨ㣬γգմ½ϣһƬԴ
û̫Ľλõһ߲㱦֮⣬ֻһЩľݳɵСݣڻϪ֮䡣
һСľԣһŰɫɴ£ʮŮʻУʱժȡһ졢ơ׵Ļ䣬ϴŵҸЦݡ
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ӿʮ߰ӣʮӢ޳˶һŮϲ͡
ıȴܴ壬۾ûн㣬Щն
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Цеʻ֪ҹû᲻ϲЩأһ֣ȴֻһۣڵӡǲϲġ
˵šתʵ磬˵ҹûϲЩ𣿡
ᡣ
򵥶ֱӵĻشӵɲ˿顣
̫ˣŮˣ˵ϲͿ϶ϲ
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˵һЦŮһ㣬һʻ߲㱦ȥһ߻ͷЦµ磬ӯȥȢСš

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߲㱦ŷŵһÿһ㶼мΪĿռ䣬һ󽫾ס档
ʱֻе壬Լߵĵ߲ˡ
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㣬ҹþϱߣȵȼˡ
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ܿ죬һһӰԶŮʻĺߣǸһòȴЩԡ
ߺüͷҹŮӺЩͷۡ
ҹãҸ˵ͣҲҵİ˰磬޸ã𣿡ŮЩڴʵ
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ŮڴͻȻЩ̲סĻصá
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ŮЦһߵʲôã˰ˣҪȥŮӣһôҸٿҵİ磬ʹŮӶģ࿴һۡ
ı仯죬ʱʱЦͻȻ뵽ʲôһѽᣬȢģҵĻҲģĺˡ
ı飬ҹͻȻоһ˿£һӣʱ˺ԼƫƫԼûκԱ
˿ŮߵޱӣͻȻ뵽һܣ̽ʵ˭
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ַԽʵʩչԻۣ֮ЩͬΪĶָ˿ֿȫַĻþС


27 һ
Ի֮۵ַ׵ӣڶԸ𽫾ǿߣѾʮɡ
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Ȼֻ˰ٷ֮ʮǶԸЩһĴ󽫾սܹʤεġ

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ͬıȣ۴󽫾ϣͬʱĵһɾһһεȪķɢ
ͬڴ󽫾ʮǧ⣬Ҳͬڲ˹ĺɫǰһһȫλģ޲𹥻ûʹþٿأַҪʹǴ֮תҲûа취
䣡䣡
ûʲôɿԣǿˮ츳֮˲ϯ
۴󽫾ʹΪֱսһɵķ޷ܵľַϣֱƽǰĻþ


28 Σ
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۵Ĵ󽫾ʹõǾԵѹƣһɣӲƾǿޱȵľֱӶԷԲ׽޲Ŀֲ
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ַʣ󽫾ܵǰһʹԻ֮ʹһʹǴ֮۵˫Ŀǰ󽫾ˮ¡
Ƚַߵľ֣սߵҪõĶࡣ
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ֽ̧һֳִ󽣵οܴɣȻһŽһŮԿܵ˫ȲȶϣͻȻһ٣ӯӯǰȥ

սͼʮԣЩ˼Ĳܣ˷ʱ䡣ֱӽӯӯɱܻ
ǺԶľ룬һ˲䣬սѾִӯӯǰһȭ˳ȥ
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ս󾪣þȫݡȴָ޷ƻ֡
ʱע⵽һֱվӯӯһû뿪꣬ʱʳָѾָԼλá

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һֱҹܵͻȻһҡҷھҲ˼֮ͻȻžһˡ
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ַһߺˣһþ
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ǿĽֱӽƲһ˳ȥʽĴħֱܸӱΡ
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ĸܣÿһúˣֵܵһսôʱ䣬ûЩܣַ˲֪ٱ顣
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ӯӯüЩͷĿǰĺڰɫ򣬶󽫾ıЩʧ
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Щϵȱݣʱĸ֮£ȻûзԼµӰͻȻԼһ¡
ڵӰӽ壬ı׿ʼʮֹȥ


29 Ϊ飨ϣ
ӯӯ츳ߣַơһַ֮޷ӣôмܣܶ޷ʹá
Ҳ˵ֻܿԼȥսóġ
Ȼܲ󽫾ı֣ȴҲûѡԼȥַ档ֻǱԽԽڵȲһֵ磬Ƶ򡣡
Ŀޱ飬ұٴ̧

Ԫۣұ̧ͬʱһǧףʮ׵ľ޴ˮǰ
һʳָһ㡣
޴ˮһ޴͵һͷ˺ڰɫС
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ʲôȻܹƻҵ򡣡
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ˮһԱߣ۴󽫾Ҳͣ±ˮǰ
ַƣӯӯ¶ĵЦݣ硣
˵ţҪתӵġ硯
ȻʱͻȻ֣Լ徹Ȼˡ
֮˲䷢ɢӯӯܿҵ˽ԼԭͬʱƯĴ۾УҲ¶˿־ɫ

͡
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ţһ޴ˮûпʼַĹͻΪϸСˮɢ
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ȶϣŮʹ˽
С·ԵҶϣŮȥѡ
ܵǹ͸Ҷ֮ķ϶ӳڽ׹ļϣһ䴦֮ҹɫš
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ٵİһɣÿƴĶ֮䲻ϵĽһֱڼУΪ׼Ϊ첹·Ϊҩˡ
ȻܶʱҲᵣᣬףǰ׷Ҫ֧
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ֻǵһ죬һ̫ո𣬾ͱԼΪ׼ĸȥ˰ɣߵʱԼһǡ
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ôģǱɱġҪΪ𡣡
ӰȡĽ飬ʮŮ߳ţʼ׷ĵ·


30 Ϊ飨£
ߺҹüͷǰĹУ治ϵı仯»ڼչ

Ůʱ죬ٶȼ죬ûöñ˽̹ټҿ漣츳
ڵʱǿҲλ̹ټʮڵѾǼǿ
ĵĲãŮھ֡
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Ȼɱʱһ˵ĳȴס
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Ů֣ǰŮӾǵոԼƽˡ
ŶԷĻŰʵΪԭ֮ĸ飬ѵȲϳΪǿߵԸ
ͻȻŭˣŮûҾҪΪǿߣҾֶ̤أҵĿУԴҵһΪߣҾͿʼΪֳ˵ԡΪ˳Ϊǿߣ˵㣬ȫ£ʲô᲻ã
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ַ濴ӯӯҹ츳֪ӯӯûҲʲôвˡԽߵܵߡ

ҹͻȻַǰҡҡͷַ棬Źɡ
˵ţʾַ濴ࡣ
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ȴǿŲϷ
Ȼַ棬֪ӯӯǰٲҾ徵飬Ҳ޷ĿŮϵ
ҹ˹ȥӯӯܵߡĶ˵ллĹģ֮һǺһġ
ҹ仰ӯӯЦˣŰֽ˽Ŀ⽥ʡ
һ̣صСʱǴŰ֣ڴɽĻɢ

Сӯˣ˵ѡе˶ѵпܳΪءСˣҲҪȥ㿴òá
һƵϣһʮһСһŮ˵
á
ŮҡͷͷŵǱ費ϰڶ
ΪʲôѽֲǲˣȰΪߣϾͻȢ㡣
оǲС
ǱڻζСŮ죬һӵҪǸȥҾҲˡ
ƴӿƮɥСŮĺɽȥһһ߻ֹΪʲôѽΪʲôѽΪʲôѽ
ǰߵСŮ¶ʤЦݣ˫ΧɸȷߣӭϦΪ顭


31 
ջָӯӯλ󽫾Ѿȫ𣬵Σʱ
ٶɢ룬մ½һ±ÿյġ
һƬʻˮƵĵطҹվǰһʯдͺӯӯ֡ʵ˳ŵӯӯİһ
Ǹһ˿֮Ŀܰͨ󽫾ǿʮٱôˣ
սض㣬ɧֱҹǰܼӡ
˵˵ʵȴšΪܱҪǿܲڡҹ˼
ַҹߣллˡ
ҹҡͷҸлл㣬ǣҲܴӷ֮
ҹϵַս֮ʱͿݡеսףԷķ֮ޣԸս޷ͬʱסԼˡ
ˡַͻȻתƻ⣺ǸӰӹ츳ܣôûù
ҹϵҵ򣬰ΪӰں˷ԪԲſ۳ʵʹ򵥴İԪҪ۳ʵʡѡ
ȷʵԪͷԪŴһ˵ԪǿԪˮȻǶ֪Ĵڣǿȴѿ޷ץסˮʵĶࡣ
ԣԪۣȷʵҪԶԶڷԪۣǰԵĴ󽫾ҲûܿԪ۳Ӱӷ
ʹùΣֻǰɱ͵򣬼ʶ˶ˡҹֲһ䡣
ַͷ̫֪˷͵ϮĻѶɻࡣ
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ҪǸ߼ҺҪΪһƽ
Ҫõ߼ҺַҪ취Լչ֣Ҳ˵ʵԼū
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ɣһƻʮʱ䣬ֻҪʮ겻ʲô⣬ôҲܴһƿ߼Һַ氲οԼ
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2 
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ַĿɿڴϸֿ˺ü飬ΪԼˡ
ѵΪϵͳڱңַЩ
չѾﵽǧ֣ò˶þͿԶһ߼Һˣϵͳʱʱ򷢲Ӧ񣬵Ӳַȥ
ַУЩŭ
һֱַ涼ڲ²⣬ϵͳӦĳƼĲþǰ˳ɽ֮ԷҲΪ˷ֹϵͳߵĽ̫ף˼ϵи
ϵͳһֱڰԼûʲôԼ¡ʱˣַѾϵͳԼԺеʵ
ǽ죬ϵͳȻӦ񣬾вַ棬㲻ҾòҪĶ
ֱסߵַܲ
ַתһ롣
һƻоȻУҲƾԼǽߵĽ֮䣬һðΣսһ񡣡
񻹿Եõ˫ݽг齱д󽱡
ַôһ룬üͷչˡ
һִһǡ
ϵͳôʵΪַܹõĽѡ
Ծ۾
㲻ԾиˣǺãֻҪ㻹õĵңǾ͵ҵвԺ󶼲Ҫˡ
ϵͳ˵˼룬϶ϵͳ뷨
ˣһΣһΣвңҲûǸˡַָϵͳת̣ݺݵ㻯

ַ棬ôˣ
ҹỽÿüëһ𣬰ַǰζ
һߣһĵúúõģַͻȻͣɫͫһСĳ̶ȣ֪ʲô
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ַץץͷƤѵǰӦսҪռ壬ôʱ䣬¸ˣոң±Ҫˣҿȥռء
ҹŶһﻹǲ̫š
ոϵͳӦַȻͬʱз˶ݵʧҹĻɡ
Ѿ̵ʱĴ𰸣ҪǻţԼҲûа취
ʲôʱȥҹʡ
ַ濴Ǳˣ˿ھߡ
Ŷ
Ĳõĳ滹ûпʼҹЩʧһȥɡ
ַ濴뷨ǰȥһǣ˵ôСԼȥУڼҺú棬ò˼ͻġ
ǵҹһ±ͨ죬صļ١
ַǰҪǹ˼ɺһƵĸܣںһƶҹǣˣַȻҲŤŤۿҹô̬
ۿַҪ뿪ҹͻȻʵ㲻һƽ˵һ
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սһͷಡһΪһɫг⡣
뿪ôַ棬ҹһ˿̫õԤУתܽڡ

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Դַ˻عΪ˷ֹսǱ߷ַ˲ʱִͨսĳ涴㱻ʱˡ
ʮӣսַɳ˳涴սڡ
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ಡ
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սҪǧٶʷʫϡ
ڿ´ǵıƵѾͣҪȺܳʱܱһΣַǷоҪʱ䣬ʣܴôʷʫϡ
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ɴ͸һǵĴ㣬ڿлһ泤ߣֱ򸾵մ½ȥ
衫ԭ㣬ȻˣѪɫţվմ½Ես´
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Ѫɫţҡҡͷ϶ûУֶãʷʫĲҲֵԶ֡
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һΣַûٴζһ·´ǵڴ󽫾֮ء
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ΧȾԴַ͸еһǿҵĲ
Զ츳ͷţ󽫾ļܹâ̫һҫۣӳַ֮˳ŷâڣֱѰ˹ȥ
ʲôˣҵˣ
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ʮʮԪ˧
ΪԪ˧֮֮ϵĽɫֻΧѲӵĴ󽫾ܵġ
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ַ˵ллƹֱӸսڡ
ţôҲܵ
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΢΢ü󽫾ַ浽һһ籩ܽɽȥܡ
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ŶܴҪ٣ûַʲôףֱʶԷ
ַָǧٶ֡
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ʷʫĲϣǴ󽫾ʹõıϣô󽫾϶һЩ
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Ը߼ǿҺȡʷʫϣһƿ߼ǿҺȡһٶʷʫϣ԰æ룬ƿΪл
ַ滰ɵ˵ȴܵˡ


3 ͨ
߼ǿҺӹַĸ߼ǿҺϸ鿴
һԣƿ͸ġַЦ
Ѿ뿪ˣ߼ǿҺֶҪ©ȥһЩС֮ӣֱӸףݺͲӦòڸһס
Ͼָ߼ǿҺʹƿЧûˣֻҪûΪһЩԼ
Ҳûп򿪸߼ǿҺƿǣֱһں¡
䡫
һɰϯٺ֮䣬һ
ǿЧϲ
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ֱҲó治֪˵棬ԸҡͷϵıȴǼΪˡ
˵һƿ߼ǿҺ˵ǻһٶʷʫϣǻٶ֣ٶ֣ҲԻỻ
ַЦЦ֪ԷȻԼ룬ҪԼףǽ͵ָ߼ǿҺЧȻǿֻʹƿÿЧ룬ٶĻûʲôЧˡǿҺһʮƿֵһǧٶʷʫ϶ѣǿġ
һЦת˵ֶƣҪ̶ֳ֪ȣһ˿ʵҲἫȡԺǧҪٸ˽ףʲôҪֱң˽
ô˵Ҫ¢ַĻԴȱַǱѣֵӵ˳ǿҺһá
ַҲкôַȻͷӦ
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ַûжսȴһǰһ£ЩȫսУʼ
ֻǿһս㲻ᣬַЦδǱ˲ٺöЩ϶ûʱȥԵȣȥﱸһЩ
˵ţַû壬ʧˡ

ӣһǧٶʷʫ϶ѷų
ַҲϻֱӵݳʮƿ߼ǿҺ
лˡַ˵
Ȼۼֵ߼ǿҺܻҪʷʫϣַڼϣԶ˵ЩϵļֵԶڸ߼ǿҺ
һսΪп񱩻еԴڣɰٷ֮ʮɶȣʵٶֵʷʫϸʮ֮һûиȫ
ǧٶʷʫϣսֻҪʮӱϡ
ַ澲ȴʱ˶ʮƿǿҺÿͷƿֱȷʵоЩ˷Ѳͣ
ַ棬Ҫлл㣬ҵʵԳһǵΪд»δɣһ֮λ
һգžһռ䶼յȥγһС͵Ŀռѷ졣
ַҲһЦҪ˵乧֮ĻͻȻԶ䡯һ졣
ţһ񱩵ĺɫǵϯ
Сġ
һ֣һռ䴫ͽַսͳ֮⡣

ӣӡ
ҡ
ɫҾһֱӳ߰ʮ˳ͣס
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﷽Բʮﳤȵ򣬲ӸǣٶȣǴ󽫾ҲܹܵĹȥ
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籩ôô񱩣ǰ󽫾طĺɫüͷ
ַҲǱ߿ȥ
ֻǰĺɫԽԽ٣Ǻ˳һȫصԭλá
ۡ
һ죬ڷصƬɫм䣬һССĿն֡
һ˿ããĹߴͶһƬ̫ôۡ
ˣˡ
ޡɫˣǳɹˡ
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ʯԪ˧򣬳尡
ӽ󽫾ȫˡ
ܼ֮ɫ㣬ˣΪ֪´ıʯ֮㣬׽Ԫ˧
ˡһ㶣ſϲһҪǰȥ
ǿռ츳һûٶܹ죬Ȼַȴ֮ǰס
Ҫżַͺȡ
ϵͳҪַסͨա
ղ֮ǰַ滹ͨʲôǸ׶ĲַԺҲͬʱϵͳһʾ
ͨʱʼ
Ҳ˵ַǰʮ״СĿ׶ϵͳ˵Ŀͨ
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ˢ
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ףֽʮ׵šžôıָж
ˣԪ˧ľޡӦߵĴ󽫾Ǻ
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ˢˢˢˢ
һӰͨڳ
иʮףݳ׵ĺ
ŴͨĶʮ׸ߵԳ
չʮ׵ɫӥ
һɫȫǴ󽫾ɫ۾гѪԡ˺Ϸܲĳȥ㱻г룬ֻҪܶͻ
ʲôޣη
ǰһͷгεԳȻûбֳ˿ʹɫǴԼϵĸһسӣӳǰһڶĴ󽫾
ž
󽫾һӳϡá
𡫡
ͨһͷԼͷ­ײŶڣϧЩɫ˿
ײ˼£оã˻ȥһµĺ۾޴ͨڳ
Щ۾ٶȷɿ죬˾ɱҲܿ͹ۣƬ֮ǰһǧͷͨڳһԴԴϵĳš
ޣЩɫȻǸȾԴ
ַֻףЩɫݣΪڵϣҲָȾԴĴڡ
ϣȭͷһСȾԴԽͨתɸȾߣһͷ߼޽ޣҲֻҪСĸȾԴַ濴ǰɫ㣬ôĸȾԴ᲻´Ƕ־޳
ַ뵽Ϻëէ𣺡Щ޳սеǿ߽ȫ
̫ձݣСزͨĳ涴Ҳܱ֡
ַѾҧǳ


4 
ʮֱͨ޴г̶̼ڣѾﵽǧ
ǰ󽫾࣬󽫾Ըǧֻޣ޵ʵǿٺηҲ˿ʤ㡣
ء
һڿţÿһӶ󽫾ߺ۵屻ƬΧĿռб鲼ʬѪҺζ̱ǡ
ַ濴ߵսԼҪķʱںϣʱǰĿͨѾٷɳޣȶ
ַ֪ô򵥾ͽ
ϵͳҪػܿ򣬶ػʱԽ󽱿ԽҲ˵δļʱ䣬ｫ޴ͨڳ
ַԽԽϵͳɲ⣬Ȼܹ֪ڲܹ㵽ͨĿ
ΪԪ˧ַ֣ͻȻתͷߵʵ
һЦǰЩС棬ҶмȥԪ˧ǸԳ֡
ָָͨǼһԪ˧ǲŻԶ֣Ļ󽫾ԸǧͷޣѵҪԪ˧
ַҡҡͷĵԪ˧ǳȻݣܱסٴ󽫾ʱˣ󽫾̫࣬ʣԪ˧ֵܹס޵ĳ
ַûмʶԪ˧֣޷Ԫ˧ǿףɲĶʱܶһܺùûа֡
ΣսϣڵȼΪ󽫾ȫ壩
ΣӦսɣһ˫
Σһ´̫գɣȡһΡ
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ѯַһڵõַ֮ͬ󣬡ಡһ·˳ȥ
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һȭһͷ¹ϣֱӽҳء
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𡫡
ͨڵɴڣֻѾûȥںΪʱ̶޴ͨڳһʱ䣬ûͣ¹
ʱ˷֣ǵԭʮ׿ĿͨʱѾ˽ӽһ

Ѫʣɱϡ
ͣЪɱ¾Уʱü
ַѾŲȥ޷ȫ⣬Ϊһ뿪ͨͻԶֹͣʱ־棬ַ治ܺԴ󽱵ĴڣҪԼʵ
ʱѾǰϵͳĲʱԼйϵͳĴ㡣
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ģֱͨˣҪˡԪ˧Ϊʲô֣
ͨһοԳԽԽ࣬󽫾Կɱ
ڣһ쳹صľ޴Ӵֲͨ˳
𡫡
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ˡ
ܣ˺ˡ
Ԫ˧֮ء
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Уһֻ޴ƴ̽˳һƬ޴ĺƸͷȥ
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ġַ汻ֱƷɳʮ⣬ٴԶͨΧһͣ
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ʱˡ
ͨΧһӱأҪ˵Ǳͷųನɨһ㣬ԼʵҲѳܡ
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ս仯һɫĵĻַڣҪܹ˺޵Ĳ̽
衫
໡
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Ϭ˷äնϣ´ƬѪ⡣󽫾һƬ
ַֳ棬ҲѪڡ
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ȻʱԶͻȻһβתӡ
ӣ
ն
޴ɽƺ;콣âһ
شһߵĺ͵رȫΧ۳һɫƴӲ
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񱩵ϯʮͷոմսǰɹĴ󽫾ޣûзӦ㱻ֱֲӴ˻ҽ
սžԷ廹ǱýӽɢܡڵһֱͦͦĶ˳ȥǿͨλá
ಡ
սַ棬һ֮ͨڡ


5 ٿ
ಣ
ս·ڵһ㣬ֱӺ˿ͨڡ
ͷСɽһ޴޸ոսͨδͱӭսҷ˳ȥǿֱӽһͷͷ­ҳ˷顣
꣡ꡯ
ս巢ϸ΢ַ濴ΧڱϣѾʼЩŤΡ
̫ˡ
⻹ֻԪ˧ǿһನһжǿ
Сġַ溰
ȻŸΪҵһײ
˵ڳͨƵæ᲻ֱӳײǰսϡ
䡯һ
սײ˱ƽֱܵеŰ¸Ǳײ˷顣
ַսڣ岻ܿƵײڲڱϣ˹ȥ


зϵս䣬֪ǲΪɵ˺̫أѾʧȥκηӦ
ַԺ䣬ڡһսѾһƬˮС
ˮͨս¸ʽϢڣӴַ塣ַ͵رѡ
ַܣܿ췢Ǵ©
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ܣ˿ͨײȻ󡭡ַڵĿռ䣬𾪵ս
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սսǬַһʼˮζ
ţַζ˼£оЩԾԪͣ޷츳ܵʩչ
ַľŶȻַֻԲǧ׵λãԼոս̹ټʱڵ̽鷶Χ
ˣӿ´ǸԪʮϡĵطַйһξ飬֪ΪΧԼյȫͬԭ
Ԫ޷ΧҪͷųΪѡ
СزǴΣ߲ʿռУЩ߲ѪҺֻߴգԼӦ޷һ㶼޷ʩչ츳Ŷ޷
ܹһ㣬Ҳõޣַۺʵٱ˰˳ɡ
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츳͵Ľ̹ټˮƽ޷ʻǽ壬㵥ƾҲεü죬οܹʩչԪܿγˮ档
ۡ
ַˮ棬һ۾Ϳ־޴ޱȵ̫
ôô󡣡ַ̾
תͷ򣬡һȻжʮ̫⻹ֻܿĵطĵطͿ
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ʮ޴̫ɢֲϣߵĵطȻƶƮ´Ǹĵһӡ󣬾á
Һ˺УôߵĵطˤսҲ϶ˤַЩңԱ߲ǧ׾½أˤ¾ͱɡ
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Ƭط·𱻴չһϿһӲݶûУԶһϣһŰ׸ߵĺɫϣһƬҶҲûУ֦ɸѣҲˡ
طоЩַźɫĴءһ紵һصζ
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Ƥ·һ˵ӣеĿϣеĻᣬҲеĲӤģ꣬˳˯
һźɫϱ߱ǣַ澪ˣĵҲеЩë
û·ֻǰСַ濴ۺ󷽣Ƭ̫߼ʡ
ոһֱޣ󻹻᲻ǿ޴ڣǱߣַԸ̤ʵصǰߡ
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ɥʬַ澪ɲ
ֻڹеĴڣȻʵĳԼǰַɴ۾ϸ۲졣
ǰι˫ãΪŧˮۿϼã¶߰ݣҲжദطŧˮںɢŶ
ӵصϼû·ԼܹһЩһԲοӶ˻ͷͻȻ٣ַ˹
Ҳڵص״̫ʱ䣬ͷɥʬĶЩӲٶȴ죬ַߡ
Ż໡
ֱֻչȱȫļָɢںڵĹâֱӲַǰ

ַһ߳
ֻѡһ·˸ְ壬ͷɥʬֻǶһ£ַȴ
ôǿַЩ
ǰһ￴أʵĳ棬Ҳʮּ̣ͬߵǿǽӽʵָо
ַַó˷һݴСӡ۶һƽڵϡ

ͷ֪˶ٸɥʬſڵϣҪ
˫ȶˣ첲Уڵϣɳɳ
ַ츳ܵƣ似ܱ󲿷һûбĴǸٽҲ˲ǰɥʬȻûò˵ȷʵǿ
ž
ַһֻ̤ɥʬڽ£ֵַֻץץסֱۣ͵һ˺
ˢˢ
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˫ȹͷ飬û˫֣ͷɥʬſ˵ϣ޷
ַŵӣϸ۲
ַ֮̽淢֣ͷɥʬȻûꡣ
Ҫ֪û͵ûʶͺֲһȻӵȴӦ޷жµɥʬȴܹƾıжȫַⷶΧ
֮ศɣУһ壬һ˵ĸû꽫޷Żȥһû꣬Ͳһˡ
ַˣˣ˾ǿԻˡ㵽ʲô
ַ濴Žµɥʬ޷Ĵڡ
Ȼ˵֮治УСִڣַҲܽڵɣϾû壬ĳЩض£ȷʵܹ
ǰɥʬȴǸû꣬ɿжΥؼĳ


6 ռ츳
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ֻɥʬӵصһͷǸŮ鷿Ǳʲôҧһ룬ͷƬ䣬ϡʣµļƴǰס˰ź
Աߵһɥʬϵѿģֻлһ飬ֶͷַ

⴮ַ治ҵģ²ȣʩչٹҹݱ档

ŮɥʬĽƵ񶯵һѪȻֹ
Ƕ̴ٶĽΧĴƬϣʼĶһͷ­ӵص棬ûκַָ˹
̫ˡַһȥΧƬٶͷɥʬ
ЩɥʬķʮǿǶȴܽӲٶȲ죬ַƽһ£ʩչٹҹǰȥ

ͷɥʬصַǰٶȳ졣
ַףȻЩɥʬĶӲٶȶ൱СΧŲ޷ץԼֱĻȴлסԼ
̶һ˲䣬ʮֻɥʬ׷ַüͷѾǿ˫ڿ˼ŶԲߡ
սҲֺá
սͬҸո̤һôɥʬӣָʲô
ַ뵽˿֮ͨ󣬷ɳȫޣȻ´ϣ޲Ҫ֣Լڵʵһͷ󽫾ޣӶӲˡ
ȰѴ˵˵ַ˲
ɨЩɥʬѴ˵صȫʱǰ˻غУʱѡ
ͷɥʬʵǺǿַʱܵӰ죬ʵҲǷӲ֣սеʮࡣ
һ˼ʮͷɥʬַֻ֫ضϣûзȥ
ɥʬ̫ǿ⽴Ͳȥǵ֫ʡķ
ԣͷɥʬļַٴνһֻɥʬ֫ȥͻȻֻɥʬЩ졣
ַԺһ˿⡣
ǿź
ַͻȻֻɥʬϳһһģһ
ԭˣǿúǿЩɥʬĸԴôÿһӦöǶӦһͷɥʬǵڡ
ַһ׹ͷǿźڷɱȥ
ûйϵȿ˵
ܿصԱߣַһƺݺݴϡ
ֻһ죬ѿһѺۣкɫҺ˳Ѫζʮ㡣
ַһȭλôһ֮ϣ·һ±ʹྪѣȻһ۾Ŀķ˻
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ַͻȻоһ˿֮Ӻɢ֮С
ȻˣסԶһͷɥʬԵַ桮һȭݺҳ
һֱںҳһȭӡ
ĺɫѪˮ˳űַһȭҴѶûѣֱʧֶһ⻬
ɫѪˮ·ϣһ˯оѡַûǵ˻һȭһȭϴÿһȭһʧ
ǡ
·һϻȭ׶ֵϲֱȭһߡ
ڣһĳ֨֨¡
顭
ɫѪˮ·Ȫӿһӿһ֣вʧΧɥʬֹͣ˶ַĹһء
ܿ죬ַߣɥʬԵһƬ
Ӧòɥʬ˰ɡűù⻬ɣַ˿
ΧɢŶʧȥɥʬʼٸãܿ컯ΪһѶѰ׹ǡ
ʧȥвַܹܿ԰һ顣
֪ôˣѾܣЩԪ˧ʹ󽫾ӦлͨôʱˣΪʲôһûеַһƬɫ֮䣬ĬĬ˼⣬ʱ̧ͷһ޷ͷա
޷ʹôɻȥ
ַȡѾʧȥЧãһߣӲеã޷ϡ
ԪϡվȾԴûԪ㣬ѵﵽ󽫾󣬱ܹɷУַ뵽ЩӿͨɳޣȫǴ󽫾
󽫾УôֻҪٽһܻȥˣ
뷨ַ濴һ˿ϣ
Ӧֶһַܹһλƿ߼Һһƿһƣһƿÿ󽫾
ˡַͻȻվһԼԴôϵͳˡ
ϣϵͳҲʹá
ַֹһ䣬Žϵͳռ䡣
谭Ľˡ
ϵͳַԺҪԽ룬ֱַӽϵͳռ䣬һ۾Ϳֵλá
ʮֶӣһ£˿
˵˽λ̹ټϵͳ£ܽյԶڵ̫ձϷϢַһЩġ
ڵչѾ˾ǧŰʮ߷֣ʮλ̹ٻٽܴչˣַò˵ȼ졣
⼸һֱȴȡ߼Һֱ뿪ַֹĿתһ
Уʮػͨ죬󽱿ʸ񣬣עɾһ롣
ˡ
ַüͷһɣʱκһϢܴСİο
Žɫ˸ʱӦϵͳѾﵽɶȸǴﵽ˰ٷ֮߰١
ַӡУٷ֮߰Ӧƴ󽱵ĳȡޡ
£ѾﵽַĿֱ꣬ѡ˳ȡ
ȡַ
ַ£ת̿ʼ˻תٶԽԽ졣
ٷ֮߰ٵĴ󽱿ͼѾƷĴСַĿתתһֱƴ󽱵λϡ
Ȼȡƴ󽱺пܻҪܵõʱõĽȷʵཱͬҪǿĶࡣ
սַȡпƼƷһսǿַԼڶûսǿ
齱ֻʽϵͳռĿģпٷ֮߰ٴϵͳӦûάҿʸ񡣡
תֹ̼ƴ󽱵λϣַһ˿΢Ц
ϵͳȻӵܣӦô齱һڿ϶ҲƷΧ֮ڣȻԼ˰ٷ֮߰ٵĴôϵͳӦøĴ󽱽Щ˵ȥ
ֻǲ֪ĸơַ
ʱϵͳתҲ׾ֹϣƴ󽱡
Σȡռ󽱣Ƿȡ
ȡ
ַ滰һ˵꣬Ѿһơ
ƵǸ֣ǿ츳֡


7 ޱ
츳ơַüͷ
طԪ̫ϡ츳ܷӵʮޣʱ򣬾Լһ츳ʲôã
Ӧ񻰣һĽã츳ַЩ
Ѿ鵽ˣַҲûãֻܵͷ鿴ϱߵϡ
ռ񣬻öӦ
һռ򣬽ں츳Ϊ츳ͫ
ռԪһöоԪһ
ռĴ漣ԪһöںԪһ
ģռʱƬʮƽʯһ飬񣬿ɿƽۡ
ƽַۣظһ䣬
츳ռֻĸ񣬵ҪĶȴսҪö࣬Ҳϡ١
ԪĴ漣ԪǼΪıÿο´󱬷ҲһּܳţַǴϼһŻԪѹƷֵڡ
ʱƬַû˵϶ϡеĶǾ鷳ˡ
ռܿͻʵ֡
ʱ䣬ַ澲ԭء󲿷ʱ䶼ϢϢżҲ̧ͷʼͨա
ÿһʱ䣬һȺССĺڵԶɹֱԼͷƬӦЩ󽫾ޣܵͨĴڣңԶ˹
һΣַһֻ꣬ŴƬĺڵ㣬ֱԼͷƬȥ
ôԶܿһֻģֻ˵ֻʵ̫ˡ
չһһӣڴﵽҪһ֡
ַԥѡ˶һͬʱʹӦ˫һ»ƿ߼Һ
ཡһ
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ַӽ֮;ǿǴһܺõĻֱӰڵĽϸβͣ¡
ȣϸΣϸܶһ߱ǿȣǷʵı仯ҲܵӰ죬ǰǿࡣ
ַԵĸһ뵽츳ܵ״̬С
ԴӾ񵤵ַüΪνǺɵĽ츳ܵ״̬ʱ߱һ֮һӴĳ츳ܵķںϡ
ַĽΧǿҵԪ
һƬ֮УһŮͻȻתͷַڵķС¶һ˿ɻı飬һ̧һɫ˳
ལʽֻ֣нУȴ޽Ůһֱֻ۳̵˲ʹವһշȥ
ŮӵĽϴһ˫廨Ьڵһ㣬ˢһԾ˲׷ϳ档
ಡ
Ůӷɹָ߿գԽﳤĺɫأַͷϷ
ף
ŮӷһȤƯڿУ¡
˴źöŹ֣ѵǰ˵ˣŮ𳤽ΧַתһȦĴš

ַ泤Ϣţ˿ûע⵽˽ӽߣ궼ھ۾츳ܣϾעΧ
ҺԱλŮûд⣬ַ״̬Ǹ΢Ľ̹ټߣҲܽɱ
츳ܳʮֶӣŮҲڱϵʮֶӡ
һ˿˿֮ʼۣγһյͼӡַռ䡣
꣬츳ܣ꣬ʹΪ꣬ע֮ΪԼãһܡ
츳ϣַ泤³һ۾

ʮ䣬һɫ˿ʵĳЩŵζݵֹ͢Ůӡ
ŮӴ΢Цֻ۾Ķַ棬ַĿԽһ
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ַոմ츳ܵ״̬лعûиΧ״´һʵ
ŮֱЦַɵ㶵Ӹ֡һῪʵҽޱأǴ߽𣿡
˵һʱָָָϣΪַ˵Լͬ޷
ⲻַ֪츳ߣͨ겨˽̸ҪﵽԪ˧ܿ˽
ַȻ޷ʹ츳ܣʹ򵥵˽ûģ˵ҽַ棬ȷʵǴ߽ġʲôط
Ůõ϶Ĵ𰸣¶ϲı飬⼸쾭߶أǲԭû˻ء㻹ͬôǲôŵ̥ڣߵôûأ
ŮʣĳַܸȤ
ַп಻֪Ӻ˵𣬸ɴҲش⣬ʵ֪ߵˣǰ
Ůҡҡͷ˴ϵ˵ߵˣÿμ죬кЩ˴ϵأǷɢطҲûмŵأǵһ
ַ²νļӦþǿ±û㣬׷ʵû˴߳ȥ߳򣬵ǵǸ硣
Ůٴҡͷȥģ赲ûԷɳȥ
ַ뵽ǲɫ㣬ҲǸȾԴ
ʣɲȥﵽ󽫾̥ڲǿԷۿɳȥ
˵ţԿ츳ȴʧķ޷
޷򣬾޷Уû뵽ﵽ󽫾󣬾Ȼ޷򣬿ЩΪʲôԷһܷɵͨȥ
ַ̫ʧˣ޷ڶеϣŮַĻЩȸԾ
ܹɳȥ˵ѾˣҪȥϢ߰һܸˡųһ̤ȥַкҴȥȥȥ
ַ̧ͷŲŷɽƯϵޱǰһԷɣ
ޱһЦشҿԷɣǷɽԷɣıԣԿԷУҲ޷
Ϊʲôɳȥַûô򵥣Ҫ֪𰸡
Ϊ赲ԽϣܵӰ죬ԪԽϡʱԪ޷壬ͨ޷ҲǷɲġޱٴδַ


8 
ɫķɽգַޱһǰһվڷŴķɽϣǧ׵ĸ߿зɹ
ǰŮ㣬ַû˿оֻǺĸ·Ĵء
޴ĺ·󺣣ľйǧ׸ߣһֻչʮ׳ɫӥǾһ֦չڷɣһȥ
ңԶƽԭɱһʮֻȮޣһ߰ͷèޣǺ۾˺ҧÿһֻʮ׸ߡ
иԶĵطһ·ܹشֵɭַ֣ոĲԭЩƣֻûЩľֻλϣѻһƬɫ
ַ۾Ҫǰɫʲô
ÿһ׵İ׹ǳ߻һ´ǶѰɫֱ׶ľ޿һţһҧסڷɹĽءһѪ
ұһƵĹŹɽ壬ܿ˵Ӱڴ
ǰһϸĴϿȣ޴޺ϴд
ܶط͸¶ϢǹķΧ
ַһ·ɹֿ´Ǹһ޵԰ٲֺɫǲ
ƲƮ̫֮ϣƤ³ɥʬݴӵ˳ټǰַȷһ½硣
ţǣַ濴Զ
Ŀ֮Ҳ֪Ƕ֮⣬һ޴֧·һǡΪ̫ԶַǸֵǰʲô
ǵľΪķ֮أֻов࣬طΪԪϡȫռݣһ뽫ʮΣաޱַɻתͷΪ
һͷ˿ӭƮתͷʱɨַϣַͷһ£˸ʵȻﵽΣգΪʲôҪȥôԶĵط
ַ˵Լޱĵطȷʵкܳһξ롣
ȥҩ뾻ͱ̽ˣһЩϡҩĶҪɽ֮вҵء˵һЦҵǲôԶģ⼸Χǿȫȥģû뵽һ㡣
ַҲһЦе㲻
ҺǰŮƬ½ϣԼĻ粽С
һ·Уַޱ˽⵽ڿµ顣֪ǵԴ˼Ҳ֪ϵÿһʱ䶼һμ졣ռĸ౦ͨıͶա
˵汲ĹأһѵȻͶųȥĶܱ󣬵û˸ҲӡޱЩ˵
ЩǸռģȻ˵ÿμǺܴ󡣵޶˷Ѫޱȴǲ⡣
ʱ䲻Ѿӽˡڡ
ޱԦŷɽಡһֱӴ˹Ļ֮СΧʱӭޱַʱȫ¶ı顣
ޱ˭ôô֣һޱµŮȿڣһ˫ƽ۾ַ档
ʣȫӣһȻʮ꣬ȴǸðԲһߵַָ棬ĺȵι˭ӽޱʲôͼϿԶ㡣
˵ţȫɫƵΧȥ
ʲôҸĿˣҲҷޱָߵȵ
껹ЩȴҶ죬ֻίĵޱһﵽ˭ôҪԼ
ͨ죬Ļ˵ڡ
ޱһЦѾ䵽˵棬һУǱɫɽʱʧ١
ɵޱЦһ䣬͵ַ磬ϵñˣһֱζһߵˣҲŽ˻ǻʲôô
ϵˣ궼Ŵ͡
˵Ůʶʵϵˣôû
ַͷ֪ôشֻõûǵ˵
˲࣬ޱ˵󲿷˶ǳǿ뿪뿪˾ȥѰϧҩȥˡ
ַĺߣһ·߹ʣµ˳꣬һЩˣȷʵ׳һû
ĽŴЩƣЩرΰ֮⣬һЩƽҲûûʲô̫߹ʮ룬һ·
ǾԪԶΧеԪ۾ĻҲΪṩԪޱ˵
ַ͸ӦڵԪԣԼԪΪԣĵطԭΪ
ûжߣʮףһЩʣһЩԻַҪǰϸ۲죬ȴЩֻ֣ʵ
ޱ׵һƫţţޱһλˡ
ŶСޱĿˣĴ޶ɣ
ڴһӴֿЦޱγĶԱȡ

ƫű˴ֱĴ򿪣һ׶׳վڣƫͬߡ
ޱƺ׳һۿվŮַ棬һ֮ͻȻĴһֱַǰ
ˡˣ
˵ľٶ̫ţʵΪˣһľ㽫ԼƳ֮Զ
˼̫˷ˡ׳һ֣ʱһɾסַ棬
Ҫַ֪ѾǴ󽫾Է赭дʶһ£ܽŪڹƼ䣬Ǹ߼Ĵڡ
Ԫ˧ַп϶
һμΪԪ˧ַûнڶԷ֮½˾ԪС
䲻ֻʮƽַ׳κֱһķľޱ̣ȵ磬ʱκѾ˻䡣
һμַεʱѾǶʮ֮ǰһҲǼ󲻾ãȥѰҩۿһӴ
ʱϱƣȥΪ˽סУһʱֵͻ򷨾Ĺؼʱڣ˶ֹС
һΣκ㱻ϣ˺ޱȾ޴ģδ򷨾һӴ˲
ʰ豭һڣŲ֮ڿڱлƣκ̬ŷ
ַʱʵǴӺζѵΪ𣿼ȻˣΪλҪΪɴħǸС
κЦһ˵ħħҲūѣ䣬ûʲôǱаĴڡ
һַ棬ʵֻ֪󣬿֪ʲô֪ΪʲôǽµŴǣΪʲôΧ򣿿֪Ӻζ֪Ӻζ
ÿһ䣬κ㼤һݣǿȻɢǰĲ豭ܲסžһѣ桭


9 ɴ˵
嵭Ĳ֮顣κƽʼ˵Ĵ˵
ַĶ棬ƽĬĬżͷš
سֻ֣һγεһǻΪεķУʶڣܵԼศɣͬ档
ֱһ죬ڲϵܱ£˼롣
ܱеĵһشı䣬ּҲڷĲֱͳ֣һ漣Ĵʱ
κ֮ͫУ죬·Ǹ׳漣ʱƽļ˵嵱УһЩһ̣ͶؼĸӵмĿһЩСǸ޷Ӧƽ츳֮һЩȺԼһЩȺıūۡ࣬ڶ౻ū۵Ⱥ֮һ
ʱһֱศɣ෢չķҲʼ˼롣
κʱͣһ£΢΢ͷַ棺˼룿֪Ԥʾʲô
ַҡͷ
κ˵Щӵ˼άӵƿʵͨȻ࣬ȴȻĳΪǿߣӵ˼룬ȻҲԳΪҪȫҪĺֱɱ
⣬κһޱȡĲ豭һڡ
˵ɷתɣʵڣַɻ̲סһ䡣
κ²豭һЦΣȴεġ
ϸ˵˼֮УȻ΢С޷ȴʵĴڡӵ˼룬ȻҲӵ̬
һ䣬˵˼ĹġʱѾ£Եվ˵Ҫͳʱ򣬵ȻЩȺ
֮ǰǶͳһĴ壬Ⱥܵǹƣɱᣬûܹܵǣô׳ߴڡ
һ
ʱҲ֪жٸ壬ԭ£ȴΪһɢˡκҡҡͷп
أһֱǱū۵壬ʱ̣ǷץסʲôΪʲôڵֻ棿ַʱʵ
вҪż˵κϸ˵״̬һ߻ϴµĹ¡һ˵ͳ壬ǸʱΪʱڵʱС壬ʱ嵱ʳȦһ壬ȻԸȥһۣϾ˭Ըһʳһʶ
屻壬͵࣬ӷùһЩ˼Ծˣ㿪ʼ͵͵۲һЩʱĶƣԼ֮ʿ
ɱĽѵѡһûеУԴ˽ʣĽ滻˳ȥĻҪɱԼΪԼյӵеķƥ䣬Ҳ޷һɱ
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ʱɱʱǰھ֧֡ʱҲв౻תƵЩΪӰűûӦ޳ΣȻ̬װǵĿơ
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ַǿóĹӦþνĲֲˡ
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10 
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κһϯ̸ַǳ֪ʱڵʷ˵ǵõϵָ㡣
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κ˳Ⱥݣ˵˳һ󻶺
Ⱥɢȥޱַ棬Ϊס
ַ磬ҼңƽʱھԪסķһֱţסǶɡޱ˵ƿһţһͨķݡ
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лޱ΢Ц
ޱַصУϵͳռ䡣
Сʱ֮ǰַոմ츳ܵ״̬лָͿޱȻؾָκ̸˰죬һֱûʱȡ
ʱϵͳʾϣʾɵһΡ
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ʱһȥַǺ̫ѾʮΡ
ʮ쵱Уַһֱڸ氢һ塣
ַǴ󽫾ʷһŴϵˣݱȽ⡣ָʱúгɾ͸Уǽ̵ĸ档
ҲǴûо壬ĿǱȽϴʮ֮Уַʽ

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磬Դ̤̹ټΪ츳ټǿĶ˵һ߶ǰ츳ĽλǿǲͬԪѷҪʹ츳ʮѣ˶ǽԪڣ̶ȷá
ַһ߶һ뵽֪䣬ϸһοʼѡ
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11 ս
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ͷһССĲ̣ƽʱһţζʱڣǼࡣ
ַ⼸ҲÿնϼһΪϤ뾻֮ǰĸ飬һҲΪЩ˾ܴϢ
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һͨ鱦ԪͬʱڵƷΧľϵֻҪ롣˳ͨѶ
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κȻһȭ˵ĵʮ㣬ΪΧʮʵǿ򷨾ǿߣȷʵҲš
ַ룬ƽ˵磬˾󲿷磬Ϊûеˣ֮ȷʵᷢɱ¼ǶΪ֮һЩͻ
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κ˵ͷҲôģҲ˿ȻǲɱˣɱҲһЩԵġ
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κ˵߾ߣһ֣ӳһɾַϷһͬնٶȷɿһȥ

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ʱ֮⣬ʮĵطһƬֱΪƽأֻʣһЩľĲϸмֲܹï
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ȺΧķŮվһΨһһŮӿ˵
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ٲһһ˵ʵ̬ǵ˻Ҫ
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ʱƣԽԽࡣ
ͷôûһԴʵ
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12 
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˵Ŀתַ棬һЩ˵дԵĵ⡣
ˣһͷ췢ȷϵѯʡ
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ʱκ˰֣˵ַ棬סǾ֮УҲݬ룬ȻҲк֣֮롣
κ˶ַĵһЩ
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ʮĸͷ죬߸򷨾ҲսϵԪ˧κ˵ЩֻռΧСһƬ˵׺һֵһᡣ
´жԪ˧˵򷨾ʿ
۲Щͷ죬ַֽעת˾ڵĽ͵档
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ͷ졣
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ּɱУɼЫţҲǸκһȭȥԱǿ١
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ڣַҲٿԼۺڰ֮ͬʱת
졣
ʱ䣬һ˶ڰ˿Χʮڵ˶ֽ


13 
ɢʮ׵־ֱӽ˶У˶ͬʱԺһ
Ի֮ۡ
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򵽷ʺҪҵٿķֻƿһַ򣬲ǴﵽԪ˧
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ˣҸƴˡ

ʿҪˣҪ֪ʯڿҲ洦ɼĶȡһ˿֮ܲףȴԷֱһ´͵˴Ԫռ䣬ȫжԼϵ
ںϷı׶ˣЩ˵ȻԽ֮ںϵԪУĻ֮ͳһĴڣģпܶʧԪ˧ǻȡ޾Եơ
Ѿﵽ׶ΣԷñ󲿷ֶǿö࣬ʿǰֻһӣͽĨɱޱȡ
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лл㣬ַ֡Ͽҵ
ַһ֣Ц
ˣ´󽫾Ҳ࣬ںǶַرעԭܼ򵥣ҪԪ˧ˣҲҪгΪԪ˧ĿܲС

˫ƴɱתۼѾѪɺӣս
µʽѾˡַ̾Ϣһһʿݺһȭ˻ȥ
һǰݣش
ַսûж飬Ծʿûʲô˽⣬⣬˵⡣
ⳡսɵĺܻܿԼڿǴ粽еľ档
ԶŽļ룬淢˾޴ת䡣
һ򳤽ɨ˷һκڵ򷨾ʿѹƵһڵʿԱѣ˼ˡ
˫ȥԮæ졣κ
̣ʿĵľԪλá
סǡ
ɱǡ
ս󽫾׷ȥʿԶ٣ܿ콫˻ɱ
ʿʵǿս󽫾սĴ󽫾ǣÿһǴʬɽ˺߹ģɱľȴǱЩֻ޺ͲսʿҪǿ֪ٱ
ģʿǿʼˡ
ߣҺҶģǲݡ
ҳƾģ߲ݡ
һɳģ߲ݡ
Ұ׵ģ߲ݡ
һͷºݻκĴ£ͷҲصĳ֣ȥ
һսˣһ˽϶࣬һ򷨾ͷ֮⣬жʮͨ쾳ʿ˫Ԥ⵽һսǰͨ쾳һµʿȫתƣ˽ࡣ
սһ󽫾ʮܵزһˡʤ
ǲҪˣսޣξۺϵľֻΧһС֣һ߿սϢ˳ȥԴԴϵľʿվΧɱߵУʱսһҪùˡ
ô죿ǳЩˣޣź޷ȥȥʲôôü˵
Ϊ㣬֪ԷǸͷ죬ɱ֡ȭ᳤Ʋ죬ָ
ʼ磬νɱ˾ɱˣҹʲôͷ죬һ󽫾СӣȻֿ˵ûûСֱ
ַûʲô飬֮Գ֣ʵΪ֡
Ϊͷ֣ҲȽϺÿ˭֪ԷһЩֱӾɱʵЩ֡
ˣǸСȥˣѰַ档
ոַС𺳣շַ˼
ϧûַ֪ȥ

˫ʮ⣬Ѿľء
ȻϲԼܱߵΪԼأȴûжʿԼߣΪ˾򣬿ϵǿֲ޺Ͳ
رľڣһͷ򷨾ޡƽʱû飬ľǴǸߵá
һʱ䣬Ϊսʮִ򴩣Ĵ󽫾޶͸ͷҲȥ֡Ƭǰİȫ
ಡ
һӰԶ
ַվڸմ˫ʿнɻͨɽϣЦԭٿطɽҲûôѣҵľͬʱƶҲû⡣
ַһ·˼ΣֿƷɽʮɣвԷɽɱе뷨
ЩɽǷͬСɣ࣬ȫҽɱС
һƬϿգַ濴·΢΢üֲïʢľҪѰҵǧľЩˡ
ľ̫ߣ涼ڵӿзеĻ޷棬ȻҲżֵľ
ҲһôǾԼңҲңľԪӦкܴỹû˷֡
ŵرԪ޲ҪԪȻҲȥģסû˸ˣӦпܳľĵط
ַӿнһӣѾɽͬʱˢˢˢˢͷųʮħͰ˴ܡ
Ȼ츳ܵѹƣǺôܱɵټַ״󽫾ֻǲٿЩܶħѰҶַ滹ܹһЩʱġ
ƬɭַԲǧҵֻܷ֮ɢҪˡַ


14 Ԫؾ
ľɭֳǧǧд󲿷ֵλɽĵ
ַֻܷ֮ɢȻʮܺͶħȴҲһʱҵǧľڡ
໡
һͷַħǰճѪ⣬ֻ۾ǰ
ʱһɫɺˢһھǵĲһȦȻٷ롣
ء
޵ĽЩãȻ
ȻţĲλϿʼѿһѪڣѪˮӿڡۡһ緢˳˶ͷ䣬ڰ׺Ҷϣصһ졣
ǧ⣬ַһУոɱ޵ɫɺ˲Ȼˢһʧ
Ѿ˶ΣΪ츳ܵѹƣַͷ֮ʮܺͶħѾܷˣʵûжȥǷս
Ե޵·ʱַ涼ͣЩħͿܣȫٿطɽ˲նɱޣȻټƿܺͶħѰľ
ѾˣͨľѾǧ꣬߰˰ݵҲʮ꣬Ψǧϵģһöûзַ֡Щơ
Ҫ֪ǧľҲһܹ۳ľԪؾ˵ġһǧľûַкûס
٣ڻز˵Ҳû
ǰһսսΧľ֮ˮݣֵ˼϶ĵطһ˷֣ҪɣϾͻоǰɱ
ףˡַ֮ɢƿܺͶħȴŰԼ嶯ʱͻȻһͣͣ
ַ֮Χڣǰ֮⣬һһŮʿ߹
˶ᣬԼĪʮңȫٽΪ
磬˵ˣɱ˶գ۵ģ͵͵ܳ᲻µѽУŮЩģ۾ϴܡ
Աߣ¶һĺЦοģŻǣЩ˶űͶȥˣﱳأ˵ġ
ҺˡŮ⻰һźۼסԱߺЦ֣Ц˵Щ߶̥ڵĸ֣һأҶЩֵķһ뾻ƻľˣӾܽһɾ𣿡
ЦͷҵһڶۼʶЩ˵Ĺܴ󣬲ӦñȲֻǡ
ʧѾ뿪ֵַ֮ķΧ
һ󽫾٣ַüģʣµʮԱҲˣԽԽˡ
ԭϢһַٴηɢ֮ƿܺͶħʼѰǧľ

һգۣʮȥˡ
ַҵǧľǺܿϧһ궼ûԪЩʧ
ʱڣַǶʮϢ
нΪڱϣһն򷨾޽Ŀһʱ롣
ϷҲʮ˳ַ֣Ӧǻе˵ˣΪЩУÿ˶ǿŸߴսһƽԭ˸ɾ
ҲиԵսһʱΧһƬҡ
ַ淢֣ЩϢпԷóʮӵеԪ˧ӣӵ
ϢûģսĴ󽫾ǣÿһҲǴ֮нһõԪʯĸԪ˧Ӧò̫ѡ
սϾۼеţ󽫾Щеţ׵ѡһ󽫾ǵжǿǲض˵ġ
ٶʱڣʮУӦд󲿷˿ԽԪ˧ַ澭㣬ʱƣսǿԺ˵ܹ뾻ȫ濹⡣
ؼԪҲóҲٹ죬ûھ֮У󽫾ǿҲǿͷų츳ˡ
ಣಣಣಣ
һӰдѰǧľ
ַǴĵλãһ߰ƶ壬һͷ֮ʮħͰ˴ܡ
ţһǧľ
ַ漯񣬼Ԧ⣬ֱӷ˹ȥ
ǧ׾ת˲ַӷɽ£Ȼϸһǰľ
ʮһöҶƬһǧһٶľֻǲ֪ľԪؾˡַס˺Ѱô죬ʮϣνܹԼ⡣
ǧľһСһ׶ߣ۴ϸʮһƬСĴҶӣ·𿪷ŵһһչ
һƷҩģмֵҩҺмõǿЧַ沢֪Щֻ֪ǧľɵУпľԽᾧ
һƵ£ֱַӽöƷҩĴһ룬ʱ䣬еԪʧԴ
ľԪַ˷ܺ
ֻöǧľĲλһ̾ӨԲ龲ɢŵĹâ
ַϽľȡ˳ͬʱϵͳռȷϣȻ̱ΪɶȰٷ֮ʮ
ʮ죬ұ˰ɭ֣ҵˡַЩ˷ܣϸ˼飬ŽսǬ
ʮʱ䣬ҵһԪַоܲףû˷ʱֱͣȥһԪڵء
ڶĿ꣬ʬӡ
ַһ£ѡһĵط
ȡɽȥ

ľɭ־ʬʮ·ַ̣ٶȣڲԪ£ҲҪʱܵ
رط֮䣬ĴڡַҪЩ鷳ƹǡ
ţôԽߣоԪԽŨַͻȻ֣Լ֮ͷŷΧﵽ׾롣
ȻЩ죬ַĸоΧԪŨڲӣȴҲԡ
ˣٽԪͨƬϷȱڹעģȻԪҪŨ
ַԣ־Ȼܹˣﵽס
ϲս˲
ߣӾڵıһŭԶ
ַϾͷи߶ȣͬʱ̶֮ȵͷųȥ
ţȻһս󽫾һʿսַĶԶۿ
˶ƾУȭŹ֮䣬ɢǿҵ籩ɢʬһ׸ߵľˡ
ս󽫾Ӧƿ츳ڹץסᣬƴ˶Էһػͷųһɫ򣬽ľʿС
ʱʿ˴͡
ǻþ򣬶ΧѾﵽףӦӵ˷ַ֮жϡ
򾭹ǿͬҪңʱҲ׶ѣԷȻԼҪ
ȻԷֻӵз֮
ءһսĴ󽫾һ˾ʿͷ­
ŵʬеľʿս󽫾ЦˣһöˮԪؾˣӵأַԵǵġ


15 թɱ
ˮԪؾˣ
ַս󽫾ĵжʱһ
˾ΪѰˮԪؾˣرǾľɭѰľԪؾ˵Ĺ̺ѰˮԪؾ˵ͲǺܴ󡣴ʱԷˮԪؾˣַ˼ʱ
ǶԷӵз֮ۺսԶǿң츳ߣǿ͵ϮҲѳɹַЩġ
Σ˵Ҫ೤ʱҵڶľԪؾˣ˵ʬҲһŶѡ
ô죿ַԥ
ڿٵ˼⣬֪Уǿ֮ʼɢΧγ΢֮
ţ
ˮԪؾ˵ս󽫾ͻȻͷתַߣĿȻ˲
ĿЩˮԪؾıˮƿ츳Ĵ󽫾УʯҪءصĶ֪пܻᣬ鷳ˡ
֪ӵˮԪؾ˵£ȥɡ
󽫾֮ɢ˲ַڣɢַȥ
ˡ
ַ̧ͷͨɽѾȡԥȥ
ո͵ϮҲһлᣬڱԷ׷ɱֻˡַͣԦŷɽٶź󷽷ȥ
󽫾һЦٶȱַ滹Ҫһ˿Сӣܲ˵ģȣٶȻԶء
ַûлͷ֮۲󷽣ȷԷԼӽ
ɽһĴڣͨȻַָȴԼԣַҪʹãҪʱ
ķɽٶȣַ󽫾ٶȣҪӹԷ׷ɱûпܡ
Էӵз֮ǿԷҪʤ뾡ơؼʱַ̣ܷ侲
ԼٶȱȶԷûѣַ֪Ӳ£ûлŲ·ǹϵѡԷƴ
ǧһƽԭĲ޶ǽ𣬶Ӷ࣬Ӧÿһ¡ַ۾ΣյĹâ
ಡ
ַԦɺ磬һ׸ɽǰľɫʱ仯Ŀ֮ѾһƬɫĺ
໡
໡໡
һǺ
ַ󽫾ͻȻЦƽԭ֮ϣûϰ赲ٶȲңûѣԾĹ
ַ泰һЦѾǰʮ֮һȺޡ
ͷǣӦսʱַȫתͷַ濴ȥ
ء
һХһͷԸߴǵͷ졣
ոڽһͷһЩĲսʱϻص˿ڣⲢӰɱ˵
вսߵϷ仯ܿ͵սʿ׵壬ַ
ˢַ˷ɽӿн
ڿУ֮ѾʼתڰͷŶգɢ׷Բ
Ի֮ۡ
۰ɫ֮ԾַΧڵĲԺУ֯һ󽫾սĻ档
ʱĴ󽫾øַһܵþӰʮͷƿ
໡໡
һͷͷǷַĴ󾪾ȥ
ǸոַĻþ֮УŴ󽫾ŰʱһӻþûзӦô£Ϳ󽫾Լߡ
ûԥʮֻѪΧһȦӸλ󽫾ڡ
һȺѣΪƾЩ޾ס𣿡ս󽫾ЦһͬͷųЩٴαþԻ˴͡
鷳ַֹһ䣬ԷҲлþ˻Լơ
ҵ׼ҾͲҲ׼ַһҧ˻ȥ

ڰԷĴԽӣܴһƬصһַռϷ磬ٴα
򣡡ս󽫾
¶һ˿̵Ц⣺Ҳ޷Կ֮ȥ
ˡ
һ֮ս󽫾ԺͷŶ귨֮
ַֻеԼͻȻһַûнӴӰΣֻƾ츳΢ӦȴԼ֮ž޴Ӱ졣
Ƿַ֮澪̾һ˲ʲô
뵽֮Ŀ£ַͫһ˲С۴СתҪƾ˿ֻ֮һ˲䣬Ҳַܹܷ֮һ˿ᡣ
ϧ֮Ƿ֮ȫ׼Ŀƣ谭ͻķֱӳַԺ֮ڡ
ַԺУĵλסĿռ䡣һһվԴ
εķ֮˽ͷײȥ
ʱͻȻͬʱһ֮룬һСŵꡣ
ѡ
׼õļܣ֮ñĻᡣ
ۣۣۣۣ
һʮߵ嵲ǰ֮˲
ͬʱ֮ĹҲͣ񣬵ء
Ǳҵķ֮һɱ
֮ܵ˶Է֮ս󽫾ɵĴЦͬʱһΧ츳ܣͷŶΧͷȫѣ
Է֮ѾϨ𣬷֮ջأս󽫾һЦҪץַ棬ҪԷûʲôһ˳˹
˭֪ʱǰѾȥַͻȻ۾
͡
ַһָԷüģֱӴ͸ԷĴ֮УԪţڶԷͷ­ؽ裬ֱӽԷĴԽ˽
ôܣ֮Ϩˡս󽫾ѾֻΪ֮ά֣֮ûȫɢŶݵʶ
ַЦһһˣһֻһꡣ
ⲻܡⲻܡս󽫾šѾ֤ˣ֮£֮ɢʧȥʶȥ
ս󽫾ȥַǰѳһռ
򿪺߶һЩϡеҩϡвٶַֻûмʶıֵǡȻǰڴ󽫾֮УҲǱȽϸеˡ
ЩϷһöˮɫľӨԲ򣬸ľԪؾ˵ĴСʽ࣬Ψɫˮ֮ɫ
ַһöˮɫԲȡ˳
ˮԪؾˡַԿϵͳռ䣬ȷԼҪѰҵĶһЦû뵽ξȻô׾ҵˡ
ԪؾѾҵַٶоԪһ˿ڴ
ԪܴоԪһĿ꣬ȥЫɳĮַжһ·
û뿪תͷȥս󽫾ﻹһ˿귨֮ھҡҷѾ֮
֮ǰȽ˵
˵꣬ˢһſֱӽֽ֮ȥ


16 
Ҫȡ֮Ҫٴﵽĵز
ַһ֮ǰﵽ磬ǾڸղţȴնյĸӦ˷Ĵڡ
û뵽ԷȻô׾͸Ӧ˷ĴڣԺҪ༸ԲˡַЦ
ڸոգַʹѣʮ߸ɱķʽ֮Ĺһڱ֮ɱͬʱȻӦڣٽ֮ǰ򴫸꣬ʹ˸Ӧ
ν򣬾ָܹӦڵ
˵ǰ֮ͺǴһƬ͸ޣһ±ӵɫʵʵһۿɼַֻܹĴڣͷԪںϡ
ʮ߸֮ǰзֻ֣һüԷĸӦݻķʽӦһྻҲԷʣ˵ľ˼
ַ뵽ҲԺʹ򣬷ɺڣ֮ʧܿܲ
ֵһǣɺȡȼߣҺٶȱ࣬ĻҺЧҲԭ˲֪ٱܹɳ
ַһĶãɢʮ׷Χһ˿˿Ԫͨ뷨֮ںϡ
ЩԼСʱַ֮ų׽˿귨֮ںϳԼ֮

֮ںϣַ˲屶һǧ״С
ͬʱַĸоԼõǰ˱ϵĴ󽫾ӦܹС
ô󣿡ַӦЩȡ
оԪҪԪѰ֪Ҫʱ䡣ֱܹʵַ뵽
һԼﵽĵزԼ򣬽Ԫ˧֮ûе֡ʱȥѰԪҲиաԪûʵᣬǾˡ
ÿԡԷ׶ûа
νĥ󿳲񹤣ַԽԽӦԼʵ
Ҹĵطר򡣡츳ֱַӷ룬ٶȱлҪϼ֡
ಡһӰ
ַ潵һɫɽϡ
һƬɽеһǰһʱе˴Ӵ˵غɨĲȫ˸ɾ
ǲأܹĸȾиҩڡӦòǰɡ
ַɽȡɽˢһͶųȥ
ɽʼںɫɽİ±ٳһɹߵ׸ͨ
ߣɽ֮ڵλϣһʮ׳ķοռ䣬һ䷿ݡַĳ
ɽַϥ¡ͷŶһ˿֮ת
ѡ
ַһͣѳʮ塣
ϡ
һַԺзɳֱӷ֮ڡ
ںϡ
ַ´Ǹ廹з֮ͬʱŶԷ£
ϧ͡һ
徭ܲס֮ںϣѿ
ַֻеһʹһƺߡ
ûΪ٣ָٴɳһ塣
ںϡ
ںϡ
һ֮ȻںϵĹбŵѡ
겻ϱ飬ȻַٴηѳһЩٱ飬ܶʼһﵽĳ̶ȣͻϼλҺָܻ
һʮַȷϣԷ˵ȷʵʮЧ
Ҫ֪򣬶ҪΪý飬ͺһѧϰһżɣΪ˷ֹʧҪȴѧϰȵѧˣŻῪʼʵ
ַӵѣ³ʧԲϵ뷨ںϣľֱӸܷıʣֱӵķʽ
֮ôһ˿ַȴ֣ԼԷڴﵽһǰ޷ĸ߶ȣͬһ˿֮ȴǱǰֹ
ѹԪ˧ǿ߸Ѵ󽫾˶̫󽫾ԭǷ˷򣬶һ󽫾˵Ĳ𡣡
ַ뵽֮Ѿܹɢʮ׵ľ롣
ô־룬ַȻĲྭ˵˵Ϣ
ϵƿٴѾʮֱԪսʱһЩĽ߶ܿ츳򣬰ȫ½ˡ
԰ƵĽǿ߽뿨ǡ޺Ͳȴˡ
Ϊ˽ǳأһԭΪƽأһرƿΪģԲǧ֮ڡѾȫû޺ͲĴڡ
սߵһЩе˿־壬ڽ߾ۼƬǵѾԶԶսߵ
ϱȲԷ
ĺɱ˼ɡʿҲֻܸʰ·硣
ִΧӰ£ԼܵʮգʿΪ˱סԼľʼʾԸսƽ
һûսвľǶЩ˵ͶɡֱӱʾЩıӣ֮˶ʼ磬ֻɡ˻˼ξ뾻֮ս
ַףսѾȫڿ˸
թսˣƻյĳ̶ȣײЩ޺ͲĿ˿Աġ
¹ȥˡ
ַķ뵽˹ؼʱΡ
ʱٴͷ뷨֮ںϵʱѾᱻűˡ
£ַԷҲԽԽ˳
Ǹһ뷨֮ںˡַһΪ˰ȫһ屣
壬ͬһ֣ͬһֻСһЩѡ
ֻҪһ廹šͲ
ˢٴηѣֻһ塣
걾½ʣһλҺ״ָ̬ѡȻȻŷ֮ں϶ȥ
䡫
֮ںϣǿҵʼŰ
ǷһֱܡȻûʶֱȴԼ׽˵ĿơǳҲ޷⡣
ָоͺ˵ĹϵǳãƽʱæʹĴӦҪΪȥôٺõҲӦ
ֵҪ÷꣬͵÷ȫַĿƣΪַ
ַҧء
ֱͨӸܷ֮Ŀ񱩣ֱͨӣʹĸоҲ
ַͷϵγ
ûѣܹɹӵѣûɲܳɹַҲǷˡ
屻֮ıΣϵĳ·Զоۡ
һ졭
졭
ȥˡ
֮ںҳײţַҲǸˣֳĶԿУ֪ʼɳ
ʮȥַ涼Ѿʼľ
ʱ֮ͻȻʼ˴һ͵ڳײٴΣȻͻأİ
ġַһ䡣
ȻһЦڳɹˡ


17 
֮䣬ศɣΪû̬ҪֱӴиӦ򣬼ûпܡ
ɵԪ֮֮󣬿ʹԼԪӦӦ򣬽뵽ԼԪ֮С
Ԫ֮ӦศɣںףҪѷںϣǾѵĶˡ
֮꣬ҪˮǲΪ˵󲿷ˮɾͰ˺ˮΪһ̸ҲһȻҪ֮ɣǻɲ֡
УΪҪľǣаʶ
ʶ򣬵Ƿȴִܵʶ
֮һֺ㶨Ĺ򣬲Ϊκı䣬Ļ㲻֮ܳΪ
ȻǷȴѾ˷ķ룬ܹɱ
ò˵ȷʵǴǻߡ
ڶڷϴһ
ֻȥȴȥǿиıöԷ˽⣬յԼҪķչȲΥĴڣܹܵ÷֮
УҪһҪһý顣
ַںϵһ˿֮Ǹý顣
ʯĴڣΪһ֮ţͨʯķ֮֮ؼķҪ׸ӦҲշĿܡ
ԣÿһﵽ򾳽Ĵ󽫾Ҫһ˿Ӧģʯгȡķ֮
ַ滹û˽Щû뵽һô絽ڲ֪УȻʹﵽľ硣
Ȼһ˿֮ȴе֮Ҫǿ
ַѾһ˿ȫǿѹԼ׼򣬶޷֮ⷨ
Ѿһȥˣû뵽һ˿֮Ȼķôʱ䡣֪ڿµԪ֧ܲҷȥ
ַ֮һ·ɢΧȫڣʱ䣬Բһһľ۵ס
֮ܵ̽鵽Ľַ¶һ˿ϲɫԪĳ̶ѾҲܹ뿪ˡ
ַҪؼңصҪһƺҹôʱûлȥ֪ôˡ
һһżˣ֪ҹ᲻ᡣַһЦֶҹ˽⻹Щ㡣
Цݣһ˦ɫɽѾǰ
ЩӡַҲһηɽ뵽֮ױڷɽϵʱѾͬʱʹˡ
ಡ
ӷɽַٶȿǣգ۳ɽʯ͵һᣬֱӳ
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ַ浱ʱսѣΪֻǻһСڿԼӿͨеУ˲ֹһ졣
ʱַ淢֣ΧԪֿʼϡˡ
ԣԪϡǱ̶סˡַʱ˷֮һӿе״֡
߿֮УȻԪŨΪӽ㣬ܵĸҲΪǿңԱ൱Ԫϡˡ
ַ治ģϷԪٴαŨһֱϷҹΪԪȽˡ
ˣԶַЩʧ
Ÿոշɵ̫֮ϣ㻹һľ룬Ѿ޷ˣֻٴǽ䡣
ٶȱȷٶҪĶֻ࣬ʱ䣬ַѾӽ˵档
ףôǣַࡣ
źԶͿɫĵϡһһŮڼԦŷɽܣǵĺ󷽣м츳Ľ׷
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һ߸츳һɫУ̱ŰĻ£һɫһ·ɳֱڽǰȺС
׳ʮֿ£һУҲҲˡ
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ҵײǿҵ籩ɢľ΢赲˺׷ߡ
ʵԲУһನǧףۡ³һѪ
ɫѾЩ԰ףȴҧһͣסΣǿ˿ڵʹŮ˵ޱߣסǣ졣
ŮӼҲͣżĺ磬Ҳߣ㲻Ҫˣٶȿ죬ȥҵҡ
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ˣޱϲĽеһ˹ȥ
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£ǰΪУҪ֪϶аеӡǣһϡ
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18 Ԫʥ
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ʲôַ￩һ£һ˲Щӡ
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Ԫʥ֮ʯ֮ʯǴ󽫾Ԫ˧ҪƷֱԺӿ϶ð
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ಡ
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ޱ˵ͷȻַǣȴûַ˼
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Ȼսڲ࣬ʵվǱȲϿԭס˵Զˡ
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ǧУһٽϸ֣һʲôĸ
սʮڶԸһƬռݾƣͬʱԿ򣬾ͻ׽⣬ȥĻûʥ֮ףҪԪʥؿ϶Ҳǲˡ
ַЦһ£ҡҡͷôʲôԪʥأ϶һľʱ򻹲һˣʱͻصˡ
ַЦЦ㣬֮ȷʵӦڵˣȻûԪʯںϣ֮ȴǼΪԣġ
ɳɳɳһ΢ɳ״
ţһСġ桯ɳӵ


19 ӿ
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СĳЫͷתַ棬ֻǯһζţβͻȻַ˹
СַһЦһĳ
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ַ浭Цǰȥһ߿ƿܺͶħɢȥѰԪؾˣһߴµĳЫ
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¿ֱȥһԡ
ַûйԥѡʣصһɽϡ

֮ʱѾȫģ
ԭľûʲô仯Ǿ֮⣬ԲǧȴǱ˸췭ظ
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һ־ԴУһɫͷЩм䣬ȡ·һ˵ı档
ˣոյõϢͷκŮͽѾӵ˺Ҷ·СĽ˵
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˵ǰȴһ֣Ļ
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ͬ߿ɿϢԪʥشʱԶļ
˵һԪʥԶʮ֮ǰʱȫʥضͬʱƾ춯أʥڵıñ࣬һ˴Ƭֻ򷨾ʿܽ߱￰졣
ʮǰʥںܶ򷨾Ԫ˧ʿ˵ضһξĴ
Ժܶ˶ڳʱ䣬ҪԼʵıȷŵһߡ

Уһ޴ĺڰڿƶ
ʮ󽫾ڽ棬еǳſУеֱƽУս׷žҪӽַ
»Ԫؾˣһ򲻹˭ɱ⡣
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ʮ󽫾׷ںڰߣϽ£Ѿ׷˴죬ǰ˵ľʼǲ䡣
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ַ뵽ܣû˦󽫾ѡһǰӡΪҪǵơ
дԱѰҽԪؾˣôһ˳ӣпΪκ⵽ΧҴһ󽫾ǰȥ±ҿһۣ鷳ַЦ
ʱһȺѾʮֽӽӵˣңңȥϡܿһӰշɹ
ȻҲкܶˡַȷԼ뷨
ԼͻȻ٣ʮ󽫾˾롣


20 
һ޴©״Ͽխб鲼·Ϳ׶
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һ֮˲ȫһ˻þԼĿƣͬʱֲ£ǰֱһС
ءԼӡҲ˷顣
ȻһжֻһӣӦʱǰַӰɢַ棬ѾץԪϡ


21 Ԫ˧
ۼַԼ֣ѾץԼԪϣлٷûнţѸһ˼ĽǶֱַ̽λá
һֱ仯죬ַץסֵͬʱѾ˳δ֪
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ǿԪ˧ҪĶ͵Ԫ˧ӵеĶַǰѰԪԪ˧

ʱַӵر֮£üͷߵĶûֱӳȥ
ΪӼСʱ֮ǰ;ЩŹ֡
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ַЩҲԪʥؽҪԶĴţԲѲ²⵽һ㡣
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ಡ
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ŮӡַҪȥȴֶԷԼԪؾ˵Ǹл٣Ͻ˻


22 оԪսԪ˧ϣ
лٸոշɳӣ㿴λһǵԪ˧
ûȥлֱӷɵһʵûпһڰ򣬽Ųȷɽӳ
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˵ţַԪ˵˳
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Ԫ˧ڣĿԼһлûлԪ˧ɱַ棬ַ汻Ԫ˧ɱǽԪؾҲͿ϶Ԫ˧УԼǲҪĻء
ߵȣҾȥ׽ˣҵùɱܶ׬һԪл뵽һתȻٴзȥ
һٶ˵ע⣬ʶ˶ܷʵԸûʲô̫Ӧ
һǣͷԪ˧յ۾΢΢ֻǿһл٣ٴαϡ
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ٿһ˿ϣͬʱǬнһЩ̭ıػȡ˳һԵĶߣҪһ»ߵ


һػַ涪˻ߵУЩͼĲϸӲ˶ãȻҲǿóڼСȴôԡ
ô죿ַ濴ǬֻʣսĲка˸󽫾Ŀˡ
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˸ܣֱ츳츳츳Լٶ츳ַ潫߿Ƶľ츳ܺսַܱ˺ߣʣĸԪصĿǰ
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ƵĹ֮֮еĴ˶ҪǿĶ࣬İˣȻֻ츳ߵĿܣ


23 оԪսԪ˧£

ĵǿ츳ܵĹУڳôĹ֮ڳܲסءһΪһŻɢ֮䡣
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Աߵ޸ǺͣᣬһȭȥͬʱЦź˳֣ͽԼ


24 ʥؿ
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Ȼʮ֮Уȴһֱܵż
ǲɷϣʵԶŴ˵ǾŴϣֻһңһŴȫ
ʷϲûйңŴθʷŽʱҲֻǽһƵȴҲ޷׽Ǵοڡ
ַʱҲлָ˹ոҲǲµצˣΪ򸾣ʶУȷʵû̶ֳȡ
Ӱ£Ҳַ֤Ĳ²⡣
ַ档ϲŮԶ
šһַǰһСƬռ·һˮŻһ㣬Сزδд͸
ַ棬Һ㡣
СزԸ棬Χûˣֱһ˵ַ滳У§Ҹĵ
ַȻնԷݣȴҲ޷߶СزϲЩ簮ͷ˵ڿأôһ㶼
СزſַǰͷҲ̧ҡţҲܣҾҪ㣬㡣
ʱѩҲ
ɨһ۽ˣһ˿мҽݣЩһ֪жƾЩСҲҽݣ
໰˵ʮֿǾ԰ƵĽҷĻΪʵˡ
ҪõĶ࣬ʹΪˣǿҲʧ꣬ӻγʼҲԶԶǡ
ԱߵѩһֵۣעŮŮǰһƦɣ
ٺһЦϱһ֪ˣÿοһ´βˡ
˵ĶԻ˼λԪ˧ע⣬뽫Ŀתַ滳еСزʱˡ
˵ѩһŮ֮һλԪ˧°ߣ֪٣û뵽ľֳˣһһܡ
һ£˶ΪԼַ֮ǿԭһĸһŮѣ׿춼ûġ
뵽ǿСزҲһЩ仯رǼԪ˧ˡ
뵽൱һ·׷ɱԪ˧ֱɱ㣬ݣֶеһ˿а
һֲ̫ˣǾֱ߳ӽһս˿ŴǱôݲ԰Ƶ̫ձݱҳƬƮ̫ա
ѩһЩ˵ĺ˼룬Ц˵СǵҺͷǲܵģַڻûнԪ˧ҪɳһЩ󽫾˳ֻҪ̫̫࣬۸˾ˡ
˶޻˵
˵־λַͷոտսʱѾʼעˡ
ǶһԪ˧ʵںܾ֮ǰͳ򷨾ĵһ㣬Щ½Ԫ˧ǿ֪٣ַǾֻԳݣͬҲ򿴿ַʵû׳֡
ʵղ಻֣֮УҲ϶˳ֵġ٣Ϳ϶֡
򸾺Сزǲ֪ЩǸոսٿ´ǣһɨͷΣַ棬ƢǺܺõ൱ʱЩŭڡһצӴ򴩿ռ䣬ͷᵯ˷顣
жЩڣʱһЩ֣ҲѾ򸾵һӡˣԼԪʥ֮У϶м
ַڴСزĻ˳ڴָԺ׼ôˣұǿ֮ǰ׼ô𣿡
СزСȸ࣬ͷЦ֪
ַҡҡͷȥ񣺡壬ѩ̣ոллˡ
ѩǺЦţĻһˣ˵ʲôллġ
ַһЦȴ֪ôӦ
ʱҲЦַļ˵ոձֵĲȻܿһԪ˧Ķιһ֮ǰʵҲ˶١
ѩһЦ治Ұ츳ǿƤҲô񡣡
һЦ˿ûоò˼
ַ߸Сزһ죬Ԫ˧
ȭ᳤ǰĿתϣ˵УֻнпֵܵסĹ˶Ҫɫ¡
ҡҡͷҪȥͻȻ䣬һҵĻζ
̧ͷֻ̫֮ϣǲԭͻȻøɾ޾ԪԿĴǿռ䡣
ɫˡ˴С
ţһѶϢֱԲͬķʽԪ˧У˶ȡ֮󣬶ʱ¶ϲı顣
һϣҲǹһ˿Ц⣺ʥؿˡ


25 ı
Ԫ˧ԼϢԴΨַСز֪ʲô
ʥڿˣģȹȥȻ˺ö˼ˡһѾʧٶȿ쵽ַ涼޷ĵز
⡭ٶȺÿ졣ַޡ
࣬ȭ᳤Ҳٶȼ죬ַǵĶ
ѩЦǶǴﵽ˾ŷڣһͨ򷨣ȻҲͬһЩռ䷨ġ
ڣַ֪һ־磬ʵֻ֪Ԫ˧ľֽ򷨾һһڣѵŷںھ򷨾ĵڶ͵㣿
ѩ˵ͷشսϣԾʵһЩطȴ澳ֵġ
ν棬ҵ˼ҵḶ́ǷеһڶǶӦߣ̹ٺͽûʲô˵ġڵҺززľ磬򷨾
ַͷЩս˵ֻǶ򷨾ĵȼֻǺ
ѩַȤҲżȥԪʥأ򷨾ķּϸϸ˳
򷨷أÿһصһʵı仯֮еһأһڣ츳Ӧķ͸ﵽΪԼõĵز
ڶأŷڣһţͨͨķϵз򣬲ͳͳ͸
أڣתںϣԪطĸֱ仯
أƽڡ
أԪһڡ
أ鵤񡪡ڡ
أ塪ڡ
ѩЦЦΪ֪Ԫ˧֮УǿҲֻڣԶƽ֮ĽЩ٣ҺززĴмеһЩⷽĽܣﵽں󣬿Ըززһ̽֡
ַԷǱʣֻЦЦ
ѩҲЦЦַ֪еĹ˼ɣȴЩ磬в˹Ĺ£ֻҪమ鶼⡣
ַ棬ѾҪ򷨾ˣԪʥؿõĻᣬѾȥᱦȥˣҺСز㣬ҵ㹻ʯԪ˧˵
ѩż飬ַԪ˧ı֡
ַȴҡͷһ£Ͳȥˡ
ѩЩΪʲôȥʺѷ꣬ʮųһΣʲôܱҪ
ַһЦʵҾãһ£Ϊ˽̫öͲֵˡ
һ࣬˵ոͷԪ˧Ѿôߵĳ̶ȣȴ㣬ڽ·ϡҾֵܲá
֪СزϲңҲϲԸ⣬Сزҵǣ꣬ҲȱʯƽƽʺСزԸҾãӦûҸַЦ˵һ̣ڴм
СزЩȸԾıһֱۣĵЦš
ַĻѩҲЩο
ıȴǱַ棬ܻ֪޴ʲô򵥵˵ںܶˣر˵СزҪıҺڣû˸ҴСزע⡣һ뿪˵ֻǴ󽫾Ԫ˧Ҳ϶ززʱ˵ҸܱסԼѰ
ƽϢһ飬ƽ͵˵ֻƽ𣿲˵СزǣںôʯǱʶôĲƸ˵ʵҺСزȥǶ㣬ʱ󣬾ǶЩˡϢ첻Сıĳ˴˳ȥϻܹа֮գ
ַҡҡͷ͵ֻҪ涴ڵʱ٣ͨ涴ʱͻӳʵڲУǿ
أѩʣҺСزĸҲ
ַüͷȷʵûʱʱ򣬸ûаСزҲڡ
ǰַ棬һְġСز죬ı顣
ңʱҲһȫҾ̶ʱ٣ﵽŷڵԪ˧Ȼһ̶ܹʱ٣ǶٽһЩʱȴпܵġѩٴͶһַû뵽ѶϢ
ŷڣУ󣬹ַоͰʱ䷨
ַĬѩŽַ棬һϵ硣ˣرǸеˣҪԼӵвƸӦʵŮ˻ʲôûжӦʵȥվǻᱻ˸ȥ
øղ˵һԪ˧ΪһԪͿ֣ȴûöԪ飬㻹ϣٶ෢𣿡ѩʵһʵӣողŷַϡ
ַ̾˿Լȷʵ̫ˣ˵ͷϿҵѩ̣û˵ĶԣںĶ̫ˣûʵվһΪҵʹ֮ԴԣһŬǿġ
ַ̬һ̷˱仯
һַһֱԵΪܹȥʱ޿̲Լʵĺۡ
Ϊ֮һֱи˸տʼΪ˸һܹúһǿ֮⣬ʱûпȥԼ
Ϊ̫κɺϣַ治̶ֳȣûϵͳջͱ޲ߣַͬﵽ̶ֳȡֻƽ΢һѡ
һΣѩһϯʼԼʵһ¶Ŭľġ
һҪȥһˣΪﻹڵҡ͵͵ܳģôʱˣǿ϶żַЩ죬ѩ˵ЩЩ˼
˵һưɣѾ˰ôûм棿ѩɻˡ
СزҲͷѽȥ㣬ûҵ˲֪㵽һƽһҹҲˡ
ȻСزʵԶںһƺҹӡǧֻ꣬ʮѣҹҪСһ㡣
ַҡҡͷҲǺãȻ
ʮҲûиߵ̫ЩԼһжû֪һƺҹԼԼϢ
ô󣬾սռݵƬҲǼΪģûиʱ䣬ɶɲοҪˡ
鷳ˡַյ
ѩȴǲ鷳Цһο𼱣ǵȰ̽Ѱһ¡
ɢΧַҪĶ࣬Ҵﵽ򷨾ȻҲ귨սҲ̫ӦҸ˻Ǻɵġ
ַ˿һƺҹ͸ѩ
ɢһƬƬƬ֮㽫Χ̽һ顣
ѩüëɻˣȻڣ


26 ʥ
ѩĻַһʵôûзǣ
ѩҡҡͷ˵ȲҪģҲǽԪʥأطػ޷̽ȥǺпΪȥҲ
ַ˵ͷȴǵģһƺҹʵ̫뺦ǣӦûס
ַ棬ҪȥԪʥ￴ɣھʥؿʱ䲻Һʱ֮֮̽ǰһʱ龰һƽҹߣӦǿԲ̽ˡСز
ѩҲͷûҪЩȥʱһ޷׷ݹȥˡ
ʱ֮ǸǿļܣʱϵƣѩΪſԲ̽Сʱ֮ǰ龰СزĻֻܲ̽ǰѡ
ַûԥܿǰȥ
ѩ˦ִһַ߲СزһѾʧ

Լһǧ⣬һƬ޴򣬱ĶʮľҪࡣ
λʮ򽻽紦ڶʮͬӵеĵطÿһ꿪һΣӵΪԪʥء
ƽռ䣬ûǰ
ΪƬȻˣ㲻С˽ȥֻ߽ȥһ´οҲ߲
죬ȴһ⡣
òɢͻȻ˱ĵλÿʼһ޴ֱ
ı仯ʹʿսۺ죬ǽĳеУ̶һСʱʱ䣬Ѿ˽롣
ֹѾռݣƵСһվ˳Ǵ󽫾Ľߡ
ô£⾻ˣʮͬӵУƾʲôǽȥһ˴Ķ֮˳һͨ쾳ʿ
໥ȴǸã̸޹֮¡ܿս
龰кܶ࣬ʥΧĲͬݡ
Ľ࣬Ѿ㳲ǻǸطֻԼ˲ͨ
ʲô˸Ҵҿʥ򣿸Һɱ
ʿԦɽûӽʥͱһȺʥĴ󽫾ʬ屻ĸڻըڿеʱͱ촷ۡ
ʿ³ʩĴ󽫾¶һ˿ֵЦ⣬һȺºֵǸɵĲԽԽĬˡ
˵Ļͨʱһ¶ǻƴĽŻƨ
ʵϣһȺҲȷʵѾ̧֣׼Ȼʱˢһ£ǰͻȻӰ˽Ķ
󽫾ͷ췴Ӧͦ죬ĪԼԱߣȡһǹ׼ˣ˭ʲôġ
û˵֮꣬УΨһͻȻתͷһĺڰɫĻ΢ɲ˲΢΢һ¡
󽫾ͻȻͲˡ
ַתͷ֮عƽͬʱϵĻҲͬʱʧһڽǿʱſ˵ΪʱŵòҶ
ʱѩѾͷųʱ֮
һԲεĹĻǰ·һ澵ӣмλڿٲһӰ
ѩͻȻ
Żһͣ٣ӰĲٶȻָٶȡ
һźڱʯĴ۾ŮվԪʥص֮ǰͷʲôȻͿµӰͻȻ¹ķȥʥ֮С
ӰҹɣһӦߵȽʥ֮̽һپǷȥǲɣʱʥҲѾӺ󷽸ˣۿѾ޷ٵȣһֻҲ˽ȥ
֪һƺҹֻǽԪʥ֮Уַ΢һ
Ȼѩȴü鷳ˣʥ֮Укܶƣ߲ͨ󽫾ҵʵҲᱻѹڴ󽫾壬ȴͷŲʱ֮ˡ
ѩһӣʱ֮ʱɢ
ԱСزʲôϵǲŽȥûһӦû߲Զģʱ֮ӦҲҵ
ҪҲˡѩЦ˵Ȼ￴ǸУʵӦǸʱշһȥһǵһռ䣬׻ʲôλÿɲһء
ַҲͷҲ˵ǿѰˡ
ǻȽȥɣҿЩ֣˳չǵġѩ
ַͷҲֻˡ
˵꣬ͬʱǰһʥ֮С

Ȼ֪ʥлַͣû뵽վһͬʱлǱͷֿòƷֿľ뻹ͦԶַתһȦûҵ˵Ӱӣ˲սĽ󽫾
һģַһѹ·ſʼΧ
ոֻˣûüΧĻܿͷ⡣
Χʮ򣬾Ȼ鲼˸ϡҩϡйʵۼֵӦַõֵͫ޼ڲԶһɽϣַ澡ȻһԪʯԪʯĳɫȻӽƷҲǴﵽҲܹʹõĳ̶ȡ
ǧ׸ߵһɽ嶥ϣŰʵΪԪ̫ŨЩʵʻı֣ɽԪʹԪʯҪ
ڰϷһɫ״㣬ҪȥֻҪܹ뿪ʥأֻһ뿪Ҳ͵ʧȥٴνĻᡣ
ַ泤һߣһƺҹΣգһ˲ȥȫϵǲص̫ࡣ
׺һƺҹ˶ΪѰԼ̽Ž˲ȷԼһʥأһΣջ߳ʱҲԼǻϵȥ
ַ浣ĵķСزˡ
СزȽϵ˵̫ˣȻѩû˵ַҲԼܲ³һЩʲôСزĴڿ϶˵ķ
ҹؼǣСزַ֪Ҳַ֪ĿģΪĿģᾡܵİԼΣգһ˲ԥɲɳܵ
ַʹҡͷεһЩԸȥ飬Ҵ߰˵Сزʱ츳ұԪ˧㱻ѹ󽫾ҲҪǿö࣬Ӧò¡
ַ⣬һ߷й۲ΧŮ˵䡣˿ûǰӭʮ˶顣
ﱦô࣬ûҪȥ໥ɱʱ䲻ȥѰһ򣬻ջࡣ
Щ˵뷨Ǻ˲һ
ǾԼȥѰұɼеۣʮսĴ󽫾Ȼѡ˵ĵ·
վסһɫ԰׵ӵַǰ󻹸ʮ󽫾
ַͣʮһɢһηֲַΧм䡣


27 
ɢܵʮ󽫾ַһ˶ԷҪʲôûϷ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ЦʲôˣϽϵĿռҽǲɫ԰׵Ĵ󽫾ŭȵ
ַɨһۣû˵ͻȻͷŶˢһ£˲ͽʮ󽫾С
Ի֮ſͬʱѾͷ˳ʮ󽫾Ӧʱ䶼ûУֻеǰתѾ˻þ
һհ׵Ŀռ䣬ޱ޼ʣҲûκζڣʮ󽫾ȻǿмѾ˷򣬵ַ棬ǾһȺСַĻþǸҲķǼûгĴ󽫾Լþ֪̫ʵˡ
ɫ֮תַԻ֮еʾ鿴ʮԺеļ䣬һ߲鿴һ߽ԼҪһָ
ʥصܴ󡣡
ַܿ˼临ƣ΢΢ü˵
Щ󽫾ѾһʱˣΪһֱѰ䵥߻ٵĶ飬Ƿɹ˺ܴһƬ
ǣʮ󽫾һСʱֻʮˡҪ֪һСʱ֮ڣʥص˿мôһ㣬˵Щ󽫾ת˼ٷ֮һʥ
ַЩƣѰҼŮ˵ϣãҪ̫äĿѰң׺ͼŮԽԽԶ
һӣʮ˵ĿռұֱӷɵУಡһֱַӷȥ
ͬʱڷ˼
һ˾Ͳ鿴һļ䡣ҲҪʮʱתʥأһ취Ѹط˶һλôƬϢ
ղ鿴ʮռң߻һЩĶ
һ·Уַ淢ʮ󽫾һĶ黹ַСʱȻĶˡ
ÿһӶַ淴һ顣ַҲֻǽǵĿռȫߣòٶֱַпЩӢپǱԼѰҪĶࡣ
ʱַһȺʮ˵Ķ顣
ٺһЦҪǰӭӡԷȴЩֻǿһԼȻûʹԼ߷˹ȥ
ô£ѵҵĶѾ˳ȥ
ַΪЩҪٵЩ󽫾ǽԼϢݸ˸ԵЩ˲ѡƵС
ǲƬ̡һ˴ǰԶĵطȥǸûͣ
һַо˲ԡΪ˾ԼԶûԼΪһСϿյĻͳȥַԽСֻܿһĤĳ̶ȣԷҲɿƾͷԼ
ΪʲôԷȴһ¾뿪أ˵Ŀ귽Ҳͬǲʲôϵ
ѵʲôرַ֣Ժһ⣺ÿرΧطһЩǰ
뵽ܣַɽʧķ׷ȥ

һվһƬʯ֮䣬ϵĽâոˡ
ǰ󽫾ǿʬ塣ʬ嶼ǺԱ̴ǵı飬ʱЩãȻȻķǳͻȻ
ͻȻ䣬ڶʬӰͻȻһ£Ȼŵʬ˳ĴӵһΣӰӱͳһ͡
ҹӺڰ֮߳ϵĺѾȥһϯͨĺŮʽսȴɴŹߣڵʮ꣬ѾϰߣԸ˿
һƽ㣬ôҹĵʡ
û¡һҡҡͷϱЩ
һѰַ棬һ·ϣԼûзʲôãǼγۡҪҹԼӰԼϣԼڸոսʥزþҪܺˡ
ҹûзֺһƵı仯һ۵ϵ󽫾ʬ壬ͻȻ˦ִź͸󽫾壬ܿ콫ܽ˸ɾԭһģһĺӰ
ҹһڶǽӰҹڽ׽ʱ츳ܡܡ
밵࣬ǿԸƳһԼķԼı弸ûʲô𡣶ʹðԪģ³һѣȻԱԷڵԪȴܲ䣬Ʒ
иôǿֻҪʬͰԪҹĿܣѰַ档
Ща񣬵ΪѰַ棬ҹûںЩ
ȥ
ҹһӰһһңˢһ·ȥ
ʱҹѾ˶ʮܣǷֺһƺͼĴ󽫾ֽĽͼ
һƽ㡣ҹͻȻе
ôˣһϵɫһɨ⣬ʵǲʲô֣
ҹ˵ͷԶʯ󽫾ڴ˵ַ᲻Ҳȥ
һ뷨ԥһµǻ֪ǷҲ̫࣬ǹȥ᲻Σգ
ҹҲ뵽㣬ǲ̫ӽֻҪþȥΧˣһΣգǿɽ뿪
һƵ˵ͷҹľǿޣ̫ԶĻ޷ƾܣֻǿһĻӦûʲô⡣

´ϱڶ࣬رԪʥأ˵ضǱսʯֻԪ˧ȡԪҲгû
ôһطʯĴҲǼΪϡٵġ
սϾۼطôŴ󽫾ܹȴʮϡ١УҪԭǷ֮ϡȱ˵ʯϡȱ
ûʯ۳͵ķ֮ŵĴ󽫾ҲƾؼķӦԣʯһֱսҪı
νԪʥأʿǻһ㣬սĴ󽫾ȴͷˣ˸ΧЩȫֱʯġ
ҽѾõʯ˭ᣡһȺ󽫾ԡѪսһȺڵʿ
ÿжһѳʮϬһں󷽣ʮΧߣһӶߡ
ʮˣȫǾʿսһʼǾ⵽ս󽫾׷ɱȱ˸ɾ
ʮҲʯֱǳ룬ǽűܣʱһݱǡһಲ󺺻˫ȭӲס˹嵽ǰ
ţһ츳ܴ˹ߡ
Ļսʮۣ̫Ҳ˼츳ܺȭŽ⣬û˿ԶԿסô˵Ĺ
ԶһСĺڰڿٽӽ
֮УַŲŷɽ֮̽ǰĻҵĹ˿ûͣ٣ֱӲ˽ȥ


28 ɨǧ
ɫ£һ޼ʵĻҰָӵȻƽڲǧ׸ߵĵϣһĻ
һƵӰԾУ˳һֱһֱǰ
Ϊֻǽҿȥɣֻŵ棬ïֻܵߴɫʵĵϱС
ΪٶȣѾȫٶĸӰģʱѾˮԵЩǱӲױĻڿһһè
һƽ㣬ɣԼȹȥͺˡԱߵĺڰдҹ
һƷҡҡͷЦû¡
ҹİ֮ȫںڰУѾɵ˼ԶĵطںһߵӰ
İֻһӰһԼ˲ٴͷ֮⣬ҹǿʹͬ츳ܣҲܹͬһμС
ʱҹѾӽʯڣһƻкܳһ·Ҫߣ۶ԷȻ츳Ͳʺϳǰ
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һΪԼͷһοƣ˫ϵļõĸоˡǿԴٴμǰȥ

ַһսȦϾʮ˵ֹд󲿷ֶ츳ܣмǽĹ
ַһߣԭߣ·һϵĺڰɫȻһΧǧ׷Բʮ󽫾ڡ
ʲôô
Ǹ츳ߣŮͷԪ˧սʮغûܡ
ַĺڰ̫أ˵һɫʵȫͬһӾͱ˳
һȺ˶ʱֹͣ˸ԵĹŵĶַ档˽ͽõʯҪ˶һ𹥻ŮԼȴǰ
ַɨһۣûĿĲʯЩ˵ļѡ
Ի֮۷ַֻʾû˵ľܿ콫Χ˵ļȡϡ
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ַǿ֮ʱȫԷϣһ˲ͽʮ˹ʥؿļȫȡϣûзּλŮӵڡ
һ
ַûջ򣬶ǺŵֱӳһȺеء
ȻһͱѣΪγȥķλźͽڣҲʯڡ
Ⱥ󽫾ַ֪治ʯģΪʯʮ˵Ĺϵˣôַ᣿
һϡɱ˵ڡʯֲͷϡ
һʱǧˣŷӦ𹥻ַȥ
ֹǵصϮһԪ˧Ҳܲסֹ
ַ治Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ҪóԸֹΪǴۣ֮оԪ
ַ֮Ǵ֮۷еĸ츳ȫɸɾ
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е˳һ㣬һһĴΧ󽫾ϡ
˷֣Լ츳ܱɵʱֻһǱǴ֮֮ʨصķʽͷųʱѾӵʮ
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֮һɽˣһԪʯɽˣʯҪӲʮַһ֮£Ȼ顣
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ֻһЩԶʵȷʵΪǿĴ󽫾ܱսȴҲе飬Ѫһڡ
ĺɨǧ
ٶ󽫾Ȼַһ˶ˣʵ
ֻнǱ߻
ʯˣ˿ʱ䣬ǲܣΪַҪʯĿضǡ
Ҫ֪ʯȻѾ˷˷򣬵ӵеķ֮Խ࣬Ԫ˧ԽףͷѾ̤˽Ԫ˧ıԵµʯ۳ԽΪķ֮츳ϡȻֵܽĽύȥ
뵽һҧͻȻȵ轣󣬲󡣡
һʱ䣬ˢˢˢˢѾΧɷ˵̧гһ˺ϻ
ǽڵѹ׾ѧиֲͬͬĽǿһִ˵ҪʮǧڵӺٽʵӲԪ˧ĹΪ񻰡
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һԼҪĶһԼҪ飬Ҫϸ룬ַ˾Ȼʯʮ󣬵̧֣ǰԼʯ˳ȥ
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ݵĳĬ󣬽ǼıÿͷųԼѹ׾ѧٴοʼʯᡣ
ַԹۣĬĬʩչԻۣ֮ûþֻжȡ˼ǲ
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ţСزϢַһϲڶԷļзСزӰӡ
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29 ϳͫ
ַ棬ҪʲôոնᣬΪ㣬Ѿʧʯ㻹ôڼ󽫾ŵĺȵַдԵɱ⡣
ʲôɱǡַһַ硯һһ˵ͷ­
һܰͬʱ֣츳ͷţһƬŶȥ
ǻˣΪոմһ󽫾ļ￴СزΧһɽ󣬽СزС
ַڲ֪Сزʲôּݣһ־ǿ񱩵
츳ھԪ´ݿĴȺڣʣĶʮһֱӱһ롣ոɽԸַĴ󽫾Ϊոյشֱ˰ˣֻһֻԪ˧ͷ컹ǿάŷС
ַ棬֪֪ʲôҽΪУѳ磿һ˺ȵ

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㽣ΪоͽΪǽʲô
ַûпǺֻսܣֳפܵУǳʣļڴ󽫾ߣȻͣȥ
ڵڸոյй±ȫشܵĶ֣ʹƴҲûãܿ챻ɱɾ
ֻԿţǰʯҲʱַֹͣע⣬ͻȻ轫Ҳɱɾ
ֱַʧߣЩ˲Ŀһ۽˵ʬ壬Ȼ󡭡ʯ
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ַоϲû뵽ԼѰ˰춼ûҵҹϢȴͻȻ˶ԷеҲ滺һЩ
СزڿܻΣ֮Уʵģһأ
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һƽ㣬ҵַˡҹӽµӰд
ҹһƵͻȻһ£̶ϲģ
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Ƿȥȱˣ͹ҹӦ
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һʱ䣬ϵͳչٴιֱַӽһ˸߼Һ׼ŮʹãڻһƿǬء
ҹͺһƶЩȣǾַ棬ûԥֱӽ߼Һȥ
䣡
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ӵԻ֮Ǵַۣ֮κϳɵͫԲ̫СڼʵѾˡ
ȡ
ַȵϵͳռ
Σѡȡý츳ܺϳΪһ츳ͫĻᣬѡҪϳɵļܡ
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ЧֻǶȡߵ꣬Ѿûʲôôս֮Ҳûʲôܺϳɵ츳֪ͫ᲻ܡ
ַҡҡͷ֮һֱѡϳͫΪϳɵļ̫ϣ˷κϳͫĻᡣ
ַǸ¹ˣȻѾҪϳɣô޷ˡ
ʹö꣬ϳ츳ͫ
Σѡϣȴ
ϵͳʾһȻš
ţַоһصԼ굱У츳ܰȥ
Σ츳ܺϳϣ츳ͫʬ֮ۡ


30 ɱ
ʬۣ֮
ַƤһŸʬ֮ۿܷӳã䲻ϵͳٴηһʾ
Σ⵽˫ѾԸͫʬ֮޷ԶšѡԸʬ֮滻ĳһͫ򽫸ʬ֮ʱ֮С
ϵͳʾַûԥֱѡ뽫ʬ֮ʱ֮С
Ҫ֪Ի֮ۺǴ֮۶ַԵеĴɱüַȻܽ滻ϵͳô򵥣Ҳ֪滻ͫǷֱܱʧǲᡣ
ֻʹַͫûʲô
ΪַԻúǴͫǿʱɵͫһֱͷŵ²ͷųԴַϰˡ
ַոѡϡһʬ֮۵ͼѾɽַռ䡣
ַڿŷɽУǽעеռеĸʬ֮ͼϡϣһڸʬ֮۵ļ򵥽ַܳǰ
ʬۣ֮츳ͫĿǰһ˲ᣬƳɿٿصĿܣ֮ɱԭȫΪ䡣
ɱȫΪ䣿ַ
ϵͳܵûƫôַκϳɵ츳ͫˡ
ÿɱһˣȫԷתΪԼˣЩ˾ԲܱԼͬʱܹЧִԼֿܣĿܡ
ϵͳû˵ƣĿʹãǿԿɱһֻ󽫾ľӣַֹϵͳǽܵĺ٣ʹãҪڻ֮ͫ

տĺϣһΧһ𣬳һ˫Բ˷Բǧ׵ľ롣
ԭֲïʢԱ߻һɽĴڣѾȫʧֻʣƽ羵ĺɫ棬ԼոյļѪ
治ǿ츳ôΧ㣬ܼ£ٺ٣ҲѾ˰ɣһ⣬һ˵վϴΰͷԸַ־
СزΧһ˽ģʮһĽնķ赲롣
ԶءСزһһζܹķ϶ˢһ´һ߲ʹâ
â˲ɵǰһȺ󽫾룬Ȼһ·ɢɫɽڼ󽫾ϣʱ䣬Щ󽫾ȫԭء
Сز츳ܡʱ侲ֹе˻ȫͣ״̬ͺڲŵĵӰͻȻͣ
ʱ䲻̫Χʱˢ˺ܿͻָСزһʱ侲ֹٿñ˾ֹʮӣȫ㹻ȥǱˣһ˵Ľ󣬶Ա߻һ־
Ĵ󽫾̶סԱߵʮͻȻһȱС־ǹЦ˦һâһҲס
ɶ񡣡Сزֻܺˡ
ʱ츳ͷҪǰֻдﵽŷڵת֮󣬲޼ϵͷšʱԷأûа취ֻ˻ء
־ϲСزƴҪ֪ŵ޲ļֵ
Ϊ˷ֹ˵Сز־һֱûһ˽ɱ֣ıԷߣû뵽Сزսʮȱ֪ôսĻǱһ˽ΧͷһμܶҪͣʮ룬Ҳ϶Դӽ֮ȥ
һֻܣƴԼĽסˡ
뵽־ĴЦԼ̫ˡ
Һڽ֮ǰһ˽ȫͷӡǣΧʯԸС־ʮֵ⣬ǰսżԴһСزģĶ־ĥȥ
һδεܣһδαԷСزе
±ԷץסȻϴһӡǧ꣬ԼٴʱͻȻַѾˡ
뵽Сزһ±ñַ棬裬ġ

Եľɫڿٵĺˣһ㻮ַַ࣬Ԧ߷ɽĿĿԶ
˵ķСزڵΧڣѾȥʮӣַȷСزǷѾ׽ʮֵѹ֡
һƺҹѾӽɫַ棬ûгԴ
ַ濪ʼжѾȥʮһӡ
ͻȻңԶ߳һѤõĹâ·һֱĴ̽ͷϵĻС
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ַ棬ҪСġһƴ󺰵صͬʱΪַӳ˼츳ܡ
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⵽͵Ϯ־ӦѸ٣г˽ȫˢˢն޷壬Ȼţľɽ˹
أأأء
־ҵˣӽʱ䶼ûС
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ַ档СزϲˮѾڴת
ַ濴һۣһʹþ޷ѹ־һѾһ˽
Сز£ˡһ䣬ַѾ˽֮䣬Сزߡ
ʱ־Ҳַѹнѳдŷ֮ɫַ棬㾹ҽҵһǬУԼɹֲñˡ
ɱַ̧֣еɱѾҪΪʵʣֱִӸ־ϡ
㻹Զء־һʮ˶佣Լͷϡ
أ
ʮ˶佣ȫ飬ַͬʱ
ɷһǬȫɱ־ٺһڴ󽫾ͬʱеĳ


31 ʬ֮۶һ˽
һ˽Ѹתʮϣʮ£ΧСһԲΣÿԲмһ⣬ںϳһޱȾ޴Ĺ⽣
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Ԫ˧ⱻַ׻⣬һһϡ
ַ档زڳ˹һ˽ַĻС⻹ĵһս۸ˣһַϣίֹס
ַҲܣСزаŮͲӦýӴսӦñúõĺǻ
һ̣ѩĻҪ뱣СزֻԼǿ
Сزޣַһ̧Ѿֱֶն־
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СزȻͷʱ侲ֹǱҵָַʹ괫С
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ң־ոѾо֮ľϵϣӦѾ˲Ŷԡ
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ַ桭ɱ㡣־ˡ
һ˽ǽɱ֮һȻַһƵȻʣ°ʮˣʣȴǲܸһ˽Ტˡ
棬ȻʱԼͳϽܹ鲻Լˣıַȡƻ׷Գܡ
͵ַͬʱʣİʮЭ𹥻ƴҲҪɱַſϰݡ
ַһСزСزסʣµ
ţַ棬İɡСزĵͷո־˶۸ԼһһԼҪݺݵĻ
ַһ֣ȵȥ
ʮڴ󽫾ʱǰɱһߡ
ַ汾ǳһߣпܼΪԪṩ츳ܣתΪ壬ַʱͷ·һͷҰޣֱײĳһһߵĽС鵱С
һӰӸһдӺ󷽵ĹֱַӾͱӰ۳ɵذ׸
ˢˢˢˢ
ĽնСһʨģһһڵĴ󽫾䣬Ȼ󱻸ʬ֮תΪַս
ַ֮ǰпεɱ̫񱩣Щ󽫾ֱĳɷ飬ʹԷΪܣҲֻǲзϵĿܡ
ۿһĴ󽫾ʬ֮˿ܣַµĽڴ󽫾ѾԼ࣬־ʵ˻𣺡ҲԪ˧ֻһ󽫾ƾʲôʤңƾʲô
һΪȴǱСزʱ츳ƵģȻСزԾ²ɱ֣ȴҲɽתһι
ꡣ
һ󽫾ΪַĿܡ
սˡ
ֻʣ־˻ڲϵΪʲôַĵ˦˦ϵѪ俴һۡ
Ȼһƴ˹ȥ


32 Ԫ˧

һ޴ӰշɹǵʿսǾʿȫѡ˱á
һʮͷǾɵĶ飬ڿַڵķš
ַ쿴Ǳʲô
ս󣬺һƺҹѾַߣʱһָߵһƬơ
ţǾޣַһۿǰͷѪɫĴţԼʶͷ󽫾Ǿޡ
һ仰ʱ䣬ƬơѾֽӽ˼֣ʱһҲѾĿЩ޵ģ
ǴţǡСزĵֱۺţ壬
ַЦͷýˣѾ쵽ˡ
СزĵĻ˻ͷַĥţĵ֪һģǿ϶֪ġ
һƬ޴ӰѪţǾַ漸ǰѪţ⣬޶ǵСزڵϡ
裡زز£ҵˡѪţǰַ˵˵
ţ壬أСزеʡ
ѪţǶַ˵ͷǴ˸кõӦ֮תͷСز˵ںԶ֮ĵطܵ㣬ǳѰңûгʲô顣
˵꣬ѪţľȫɢٻأѾҵˣϡ
ھͬʱһ޺ȻֱŲͬķȥ
Ǿ޲ͬ࣬ǲʹøֱȻҲĴѶߣʲôϢֻܿȥ
ڶ࣬Ĵ󽫾Ǿ޽Ԫʥأѩֻ˼ͷޣǴСزַ˵ϢȻһСʱľ޶ǧͷ֮ࡣ
Ƕַ漸˶ǴһλýʥУ͵ͬһƬ򣬷һͷһҪѱʥҲҪҪʱ䡣
һͷͷǾ޷٣ΧַԱߣԽԽࡣ
ѩҲʱˣСز£ŷ
⺢ӣҪ㲻㻹飬ѩҡͷ̾Сزոո˱־Χ飬һš
˼ҲСزС죬ί
ַ˶ǺǺһЦȫûй˼Сز˵ĸоӦаɱˣǾͲСزˡ
ѩҲǿЦҡͷûа취
ǵʥʮʥ֮ȫɢҪʯͱѡǲ£Ҳҵǧޣǵһ࣬׼ȫټֳɼӳȥѰʯٽԪ˧һڲ򡣡
ѩַ˵
ַ濴ۺһƺҹ˵ѩ̣ܲܰһƺҹҲѰһЩҲнԪ˧Ǳһȥ
ѩһЦȻû⡣
ַʵҲҪٽŮ֮ĹϵϾСزҹͺһƶǵһμ棬˴˲Ϥַ֮ᷢг顣
⵹ˣСزŮ˼˰ҹͺһƵһۿϲСˣټСزĽ㣬˵Ĺϵõĳ̶ȡ
ʣµʱ䣬ַÿմ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ðԼ弼ɶ壬żǾ̺귨ʯŻͣеķ
һԪ˧ʱᶨͣıǿս츳һ㲻ʱԺӰ콫Ǿ޴ġ

ַ泤Ϣţͬʱڳһнһȵĸои¯ں濾֫ٺ
ַ棬ַ棬㿴СزԶһ·ĵĽš
ץһɫ޵Ĺʵÿһŵɫһɢζ
ʲôʵַӹʵʵ
СزһЦҲֹ֪ʵһãԺ̶ܴȵŶ
ʡַȤǺһЦ㶼֪ʲôô֪ܹʡ
Сزһ죬ҪҸڵʱ򣬺һƺҹкһЦ˵ѽأȻ֪ӵЧˣΪ˻ڵһСʱأɰҺСҹŻˡ
ѽһƽ㣬ôʲô˵ѽСزµǵúһƺҹǽЦ
ҹַǰ㲻ٴߣʱϵЦҲѾʮȻЦŽһû˵Ļһ飬ַ֪СزΪЩʵÿ㣬붼ûֱӳ¶ӣײ֪˾öʵЧ
ѽԺҪҳԶҪǳԵжĶô죿ֵַ
Сزʵĵͷӷŵַ˵ַ˰ɣ˾ͲЩˣŶ
ַһЦúúãͳԣԺҪһСʱҸɾĵطܿ԰ɣ
һƬĲԭϣַͺһƻҹ˸˾öʵȥ
ЩʵҲ֪ʲô֣ſŵĻûЧһھöʵ¶ǣͻеһů̲סҪ˯ַ츳Ҳ޷ֿ
ֱһСʱŻᷢԼ巢췭ظı仯
û뵽ЩʵôǿЧҸоʱǰǿһӦѾﵽ˼ޡַ̲еĴЩϲ˵
ǵȻҲ˭ҵġСز˵
ţҹͺһҲ̷¾öʵ
һСʱҹǿЧ˳Ծ
Һǿһֺĸоܵڵǿҹֲŵĸо
Ǹûʹù弼йأһӦǿĳ̶ȸࡣַ˵
ŲӣһҲ˹Сزæǰʵһƽ㣬оôϴžɵɫ
һվһ̺ȵĺϲ£졣⡭ҵʺǿı࣬ô£ַ档
Լȫûз⣬ַ泹׷Ц˵ô£ǿҲǺ£õġ
Ԫ˧ʶͣǿЩǾ޲ϴ̺跨ʯ˶ǵִ˽ıԵʱܹǿһ壬ֻ˵̫ˡ
ַﵽޣʣʱֻʣ
ʱѾĵ귨֮һ󣬷ʱøԣȫ͸Ҳֻʱ⡣
Լһɽ֮УַһƵûҪʱҪʼǱıԴ
һתۣʮһչȥˡ
һ죬СزĵĿʳһȭͷСĺɫʵͻȻеһԪӿ
Ͻȥַڵɽϣһ޴Ԫпγɡ
ַ棬ַԪ˧Сزĵڿһתɽ߷ȥ


33 
ǡ
һϸܼ촫ɫɽһ鱻ı飬Ĵм䲿λѣһԪĴЩ֮ӿ룬ڲַϹ롣
Ԫ˧ͨ򣬹ͨأֻҪԼܹӦ֮ڣжӦԪҪԼĿƣԼ
ôԪͬʱӿһɽ壬ѹѣһƵĺ¡³ױ顣
ַ档Сزɵǰַ۾
ֻ۾Уڰ֮Ѿʵʣ۱ܹó
Сزַ΢΢һЦһ֮䣬ѾСزǰ
ַ棬ڳΪԪ˧ˣڲԼˡСزȸԾ
Ŷ⼸һֱԼ棿ô˵һƺҹҲҪ𣿡ַʡ
Сزͷһƽǰ͸ӦҪˣҹǰ쿪ʼչصģҺѽ
ַЦŵͷʵѩȥˣû𣿡
Сزһ˵ҹ㿪ʼչأ뿪ˣ˵ҪȥԪ˧ڿͰԼ
ַ˵ͷѩżԪ˧ϾߵĶԪ˧ĸ֣ΪΨһԼһȺǿᱦѱᷢΣա
ַ氲οŲСز˼£Ĳ졣
Ǿ뿪һЩŸԶĵطػѿռˡ
ַСز·ص߲ʿռʱһܵ￴СݵܵǶϪˮ飬ʵ졣ʱַ滹ҪСزһЩ£ȻֻˣȴʮֳʵͿ֡
ȥһƺҹûͻƣѩϢǾ޴Ϣ˵һַ˲Ҫż
仰һͬģһ۾
֮ͫһͫСز͵
ַʶ֮ͫڵһСزǸſϣʱԼ˵Ϊֻ̫͡ǿһ۾ͱ̺˵Ѫ
ѩַ֮ͨͫˣʥڲ󣬱׵ҵǡ
Ԫ˧֮ҲܼأȻѩ̲ôͻȻͽȥַЩѩİΣ
ʱַԺͻȻһϵͳʾ
ôˣַ档СزַͻȻһ㶣ɻʵ
ûʲôǾֻ۾ǲЩ죿ַҸ˵
СزһЦ˵ֲ֮ͫΪ˼ǣֻҪսռңڲóˣ
԰ַȻı飬ʹȥ
ڻûŪϵͳĴڵô£ַʱϵͳˣСزˣҲʲôôԺ֪ϵͳΪδڣûк֮˵Ҳ١
ַԪ˧ϵͳһʱ俪ʼ£ѾֹΣַ沢ģڸϡ
ַϵͳռ䣬һ۾ͿһϵͳθɵĴ
ףȻŪ˴Щϲ졣
ֱǰζûг֣ڵθȴǳˣַ治ɶһЩʲô
עתƵط
ϵͳθɣǽ׶Ρڡ
һȡ
¶չֶһȡ
ʱ񡪡սȡ
ģ似ؼںÿһɻһ似ںϻᣬںϺ似Ǳ
壺񣬸ݵʱɺһڣÿһɻһؼȡᣬɶȣִ󽫿
Ӵ񣬣δﵽÿһַ򣬿ɴѡһַΪԼĴ
ַϸ£ѾԽĽһĲ²⡣
ӵǹ似ؼһǹڷȻڳϵͳµĵ׶νУ似ͷǿ⡣
ΣȡΪں似ؼǷȡں似ؼ
ַһЦں似Чںϡ
ַ£ǰͻȻһӣӷֳɼӣÿжһͼꡣ
Ҿͨ似ͼʽʾˣַɻš
ϵͳΪ
ѡͬ似Ϊ似ںϡ
ͬ似ַ濴ͼֵ꣬Ǹͼʱ򣬾ͻϷʾĽܡ
֣Ʒʨ似𣬰ٹҹкٲԪڹ
ַ似࣬ǷȴֵĲ٣ϸַ淢ֿԷںģֻ似
ٹҹٲ
پԪ
Ծ񡣡ַΪˡ
似ǷǳҪǲ˵ǹҪԶ
ԪҲǺˣҪ֪ϵͳ˵ףںϺ似Ǳûޡ
˵ʲô
˵ֻҪ似ںϣôԼҲûмޡԪԣпķʽҲӶʽôҲʮֿ١
ѡĸַҿЩͷۡ
似̫ȡˡ
ˣѡԪַһҧѡ
ͬʱ˵ԼʱǿٶȣǷʱȻ䣬ΪǿٶͬҲӣѡӦû
ܴûַһҧѾѡˡ
ͼ겻֪ʱѾصһɢҫ۵ĹâԼһңµͼˡ
Ԫں似ڹ࣬ѾںϳɹΪ似
ϵͳʾַֹڹؼһ֮壬һԪԷΪãһͽлˡ
˵ϵͳ似
ΡɹǷȡںѧؼ
ַѡȡʱһ׹תĴַԺ
һЩͬ׹ַԺַ֮沢˲ѧữǳ˽ӽʮ㳹׽յؼ
ţȻôӣֻǴﵽСɾ磬ǰֱӴﵽԲ硣ַոսյؼѾȫգʣµֻʣѡ
ַ浱תԪջķȫұǰƽ죬ʱһһԪС
˵Ԫܼ򵥵һ飬Ԫת·ȴǼΪӣڵͷٶȣǶԷվʹûжԷ
ַһ֪СɾʲôˣԪתٶ̫ȻеЧڣͷŵٶȴࡣܵ˵ַڹ似Ǻġ
ԺзǿˡַЦ


34 ʥ
ϵͳ£ַʾ±һпȥﻹһʾ
񣨵һǰԭ·񣩡ʱޣʮ졣ؼȡһΡ
ʾԪʥر࣬һƬ֯͵ʢԪԼӦԵʯʺ˼뷨ԼԪעʱԽ磬ɶԽߡ
ʾ·һƽͼϱʾһ׵һķεĺ㣬ַһˣƽͼ϶ָͼ뵽ַ治Ц񣬵˵һָθӳ̶ȣûָ֪²ҵԪ
ַ츳ռռԪһΪԪĵط̫٣ַ汾ͺͷҲҵõû뵽ϵͳһֱӽԼ⡣ַ滳ϵͳǲԼ̫ҪаԼ
ϵͳַ˵ֻкôûһ㻵ַȻҲɵʲôִˡ
ֹ죬һͻƣɹԪ˧ơΧĸϡҩĶǵõ
Ųһ죬ҹҲͻƳɹװ츳Ԫ˧
˫츳һǱ˫츳ʱʯеķȽѣʵҹ츳ʱȺһƷþת̥軹ҪǿһЩַ涼Ľٶȡ
ˣ˳ףѾʸڲѩѾǰȥߵǡǿʲô飬ûµĻ·
ҹ󲻹죬ַ˵ڵ򸾣ϾνڲԪ˧УֻҰվϣڲ޷˻ΪʮſһΣϢѷû֪ô߳ΧǾͲˡ
ַȻŸոսԪ˧Ǹʬ֮۵ĴһʵɲֻҪɱˣ˲ܽԷתΪԼս󽫾ʱַͿתԪ˧ΪãڽԪ˧תŷڵʿӦûʲô⡣ټʱûʲôƣͫҪúˡַܿӵʿһս
һƺҹ˵ûʲô飬СزҲǵͷҪȥѰҸĸ
£ǾޣַСز飬
ЩûлΣ޷֮ȻҲܿȷʽ򣬾ҵʯҲ޷еķ֮Ҳûʲôõġ
ҲΪʲôôǾУֻ򸾺Сز˽׵ԭ
߰ɡַ˵һͬʱʥڲȥ

ݺҵϿȣŭˮεĽӣŨĵһԪ֮
һ޼ʵĺ֮£֮·һۣһ˷εĹâǡһ£·ïɭ֡
䡫
ܵĴȼյϷƲ㶼һƬ졣
ڣƲеˮཻʱһƬˮ
ַ˸ոսڲ򣬾衣
Ȼ˵㲻ʲô⣬ֻɢϢͽˮȫ⣬ǵӾϵӰȴǲɱġ
ľɫЩһС˵ЩҲĸо
ȷʵΧľɫû˵ĴڣûκλĴڣΨһžַ漸ɭеĲЩľ˵ĸоȴЩ죬ȻȻȴܲһ˿̺С
ΪЩǴľԪ֮۶ɣľַ͵
ӴǧľʱöľԪǧľǴַһ˿ĸо
һ˵һȷʵûдЩľ֮з֮ɼЩľϵֻһЩľѡ
ַȡѩת֮ͫСزϵ
Լǽϵͳռ䣬ϸһͼȷһԼ˵ķλͬʱҲڹ۲ΧĵΡ
̫ˣÿһƬȫԪعɡַ˳ŵͼܴĿ֮صĽ޻ʮԡ
ɽǴɽһŲľûУǴ𣬾ҽǻ湹ɣϷӿ·ŭˮ֮طܵһǿһ𣬿ʮֲЭ
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ʣַͺһһһҿСزߣͬʱַͷų˴еսܣԼ־ʬ򣬱ѩͨСز
ᣡᣡᡭ
ϸ΢𣬸оԶԶ
һľʯûһһºн࣬Ƶʲߣǹǣÿλöڴַ˽ӽ
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ԾɲͻȻһɫС˳ַǰ
֮Уޣַ˻Ŀǰʮ⣬Ǹһģһ໹ҪֵɫһһԾ
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ûκԥпͬʱͷŶоԪ˲ת֮йһԵľ޶ܡ
Ծ޶γɵͬʱһ̹Ѿѱٶ
ǡ
̹һײڸոγɵľ޶ϣԵľ޶ܷ·ıһ㣬ַͺһ𾪵ĿȻѡ

޶ѵڴ̹ȴǡ͡һ͸־磬һƤ⡣ȻӾַ󱳲׵ĵطɹವһʧԶ
ǿҵľ罫ַ󱳴ս˺ѣƤϻһһѪߡ
𺳣һַͺһƵĸоֻ𺳡
Ҫ֪ǾоԪתĴ޶ܣַѾԪ˧޶ܵķǶԸŷڵʿһҲӦû⣬ǰɫС赭дһ£Ȼô׵ˡ
С˵üͷ΢ɼһ£Ȼٴ̧˫֣Ķ
ַʱѾӦϽ۳һ޶ܵͬʱԺһƺڰҹܡ
ûκԥַ浱ϣһѱסСزǿӡ


35 о
ַ汧СزӣСزͷŵķ֮ͫҲϣСزãȻ۾һ౧Լַ棬ɻʵôַ棿ʲôˣ
ַûش𣬶֮ͷŶһֱʮ⣬ڷǸɫСûи֮˿
ղɫСˣӦڵʵ޷С
ַһֱٶȣͺһƲУʱһҲǿ˹ȻһС˵ģͶʵСزĴмûйĽܣ
СزգŴ۾һͻȻĿһϲˣһƽ˵ӦǾ飬ɫ̵СľԵԪؾ飬ľԪطΪֻǵľԪط޷ȼ֣ʵʵӦھŷڵ۷ڵײ֮䡣
Ԫؾ飿ַһ䡣
κ˵ھ飬ĴڣΪԪ̫̫֮࣬ңЩֱֻܷܻӵе̫ˡ
򵥵˵ԵԪؾܹںǾһ󡪡Ԫ
͵Ķ֤ںϳĿԼΪ㣬ղѡ
Ҫ⣬ڡҹַľɢȴûзֵǸɫС˵Ĵڡ
ַҹҲǷǳģȻĻҪһƺҹֻͬ̽ɫСˣǽΧһһľӷΧ
һȻΧ춯
һþַ˲Ĵѿ϶ֻСָϸֱ۴˳乭һǳɣಡһһ̹⡣
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һַǰ˷ɲӲѡ롣
ಡ̹⴩͸Ǹͽսܵ壬ֱӽ˺ѳɷ飬ַǽ롣
֪ΪΣԪؾз·ַֻ̫Ҫһһξ룬ͣ¼ĶȻǰ׷
СزĻΪ˽˻˵Ԫؾ鶼иԵس㣬ľԪؾصǿٶȺ͸֪ȴǼģֻҪǲ±ߵЩľԪ۵ϣץǡ
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Сز˵ͷԼмеļһȫ˵˳ַͺһϸҹעܱߵĶ
ˣÿһԶԼص㣬ԪؾϢ񣬲ٶȻɱ֮ףԪؾԸ񱩣ҲǲСˮԪؾóƣˮ֮н޵УԾǿʵѹơ
ַСزĽܺϸһ飬ֻԪؾľԪؾʺϼˣΪԪصķӦٶȶʮֻ׷ַءֻҪܾе£ԪؾӦʺַ漸˵ѡ
ҲǿԴӿзɹȥʱҹͻȻ֡
ַ̧ͷȻȴûĻȻҪ뿪ҲûôףϷԱԵԪŰ
еģ鲻ֻԪвܵԵԪҲпܵġСز˵ԪΪԪԣȻľʵԽǿ֪֪ף׷ԪأԪЩԪضԪػںתɣÿһʵص㶼𣬷׶Ը
û뵽һֻ֪СزҲ뵽ôַ࣬ǺһЦͷ治򵥣СزȻҲ÷ˡ
ַϵͳͼϱһԲͬɫֲַѡһԪغľԪ۵򡣴켸ǰȥ
¡¡
ʯѿһʮķ϶һǧ׵ʯ˴ӵ˳ľԪԪؽӵ
Ǵؿܣֻһٻʵ൱һڣΪ塣ַ溰һ䣬ֺһĳֱӽų˷顣
ࡣ
ʯһأһЩ䵽ľԪ򣬶ʱʮþͬʱˡ֡ЩʯȻǱǱճɷ顣
ַ汻ЩľԪ۵ľһĵѹֲôԣԭЩԪ֮ҲǲһԪصͻֱӱ
ַ棬òȫԪؾɣѵıЩ飿һƿңԶߣֵһԪ֮ء
ַҡҡͷϵͳռĵͼ׵ʾţԪֻռһԪռһ򣬻ʲôûеĿհԼʮֻҵĲ֮
ַע⵽ǲ֮֮УȴһƹͼӦϵͳرʾģ֪ںл᲻йصĶ
Ԫܴ󣬴Լٶ飬پʮӦÿԳȥˡַԺһ˵
һŶһû˵ʲôСزȴֱڿ죬ֱʵַô֪ģѵܿôԶ
ַֻЦЦص˵ҵһСܣԺٸǺ𣿡
СزЩ𰸣ҲǺѣ˶ַ١
ַ濴ۺһƺҹиǶԸϵͳΪδڲ˺ܴڴ
Ȼʥĵ˽⣬ǼʱأôϵͳҲ̫ǿˡַ̾ӵսٵǺԪʥأһ·ûϵͳʧЧĵط
ַڿûзսĴڣĿƼսҪԶַûȥĵطרԿƼΪչľս˵һ絽
ַֻԽԽ࣬һţȴҲǰԿסָоַһֱ޷̤ʵ
֮ϣѷ첻ϿһؿܴѷһʯַȥǵĶʮֱ׾Ҳͨս׵Ԫ˧Щвַȴһ취ûС
һɽʱһֻͻȻɽ˳޴׳ֱѾǧףһַ
Ԫؾ飬㿪˸ϽƵУܿɽ塣
޴ԪؾɽһԵĴؿվԱ߻Ĵȸ߶ȡѸԶַˣһŭʱһʯһ¡¡ݳȥ


36 ս
ַ˸ֱͣӴԽȥ
ʮʮſԪľԪ۵ַ漸˺׵ķ˹ȥǻĿȴַ˴ΪǱ
ڷɹһƬʱ򣬺ˮͻȻɳЩ󣬶һַٶȣ㽫ַСزʱ侲ֹãһԭأȻֻǲһʱ䣬ȴҲַ˻һ
лԪУܼĻɽͻ𺣣ַ˾ˮԪؾ¼󣬲߻ԪֱӷԾУðһ·Ƭ
ʱַ˲С¿ȥƬԪһƬĵλһ˫ɫ۾ڶԼˣĿг˱ŰϢ
ԪͬˣȻƷƽ˾ַػǺԥĴӿзɹһַ˵ˣƲϷ쫷羫˫ۣںһƵºܿ
һ·˽ӽ죬ַڳƬԪ۵֮ǳĳһ
ʱ仹кܶ࣬ԭǰм䲻֪ûʲôϰϵѩ˵ַڴϢʱѾ˴㡣Сزٴϵѩ
κ˳ʮӣСزϵѩ
Ȼַܿ漸˾ͿСزɫʼЩߡ
ôСزոռСزľӷ֮ͫ˳ַ漸˾ͬʱʵ
ҿͰְֱһȺ׷ںߣְˡСزһ⣬ίΪʲôǶѾγǻҪǣ˺𣿡
Ϣüѹ
ڵĴʵʮ֮ǺĵһѩҲͬڵĴȻٳַ֣ԲµΪǿ츳ʱ츳ʵԲ֮¡˺һȻҪ׷ߣȻԷӦҲǼǿпǼ֡
Сزҵѩǵλ𣿡ֱַʡ
Сزٵĵͷ֪ڲĵʱָһ˵ֻܸӦλãǸ򡣡
˶ĽȣҲûʱͣϢһ·ٷжȥ
һƣȻһҪעԼСԶսرСزһֳôҪж֪𣿡ַڷر˺һƺСز
һƵľͬ˵Ͼǲ˵㣬СزǼûս飬˵츳ȻǿһΣգַ˵ӰҲǼġ

ߵһƬһտĴء
ѩӰ֮䣬ʮ򷨾ʿԪ˧
սԪ˧֪ʲôֶΣȻ;ʿһ෢˹㲻£ʱ˲ˡ
ʱѩʱܹѣҲ˵Ľ֡
ȺĿǳļһǰУ¶һ˿ĵı飬ߵѩ˵ڻûн봫ʥʼ֣ҲƾЩ˵ʵĸܹʥ֮š
ѩߵ㻹˵ҪɱˣǻսԸ㣬˳Ҫǰ군ˣлӱˣ
һ죬㲻ҲܵˣֻӶѣҪ˭סң
ѩЦˣһڣǺãҲˣܸҿ˵ųԪ
ˣɶʱ˻ЦϽ̬ȣһ
һ˿ܵǣһ˿Ѫ
ѩһۣϽٴͷųԪ
ﵽ򷨾֮ж̺ŷ֮ǻЩ֮˿ںϡѩڣǳ츳֮⣬򶼲ʮ־ֻͨʹöѡҪĥ˿ڵķ֮Ҫʱ䡣
ȴǲָʱ䣬һȺ˺ƺƵ׷ԽԽ
ڣ׷ǰһѾ಻

һ峺Ľ𣬳Ľһգֱն
Ҫתػѩȴֵסһʱ䷨Ľ⡣
ǵʱԭأΪһָϸָŨнںУˡ
磬ӻָһ㽣ڣ١ֿڡѩҲˣ˳ˣַȣǾ̫ɵȱˡ
ȻѩϲǴֵƦɣϲԼͷ˵͵ñʱҲǿԽġ
һϣ޻Щʶġ
һ̿գŵڶҲѩʱ⾲ֹ£ʱļҲ
һǸŶ̷ģƽǰŰһʱ֮һǧ״Сӡ
Աߵһವһ¼ĳһͭ壬ڿС塯һ죬ܿ촫Ҫʱ侲ֹѩУѩֱԺ˵һ£ͣһ˲ͻָ
ֻ޴ӡҲѾѹʱ侲ֹղŵһٴɢѾˡ
ʱֳǿֳצſһ˦һӹ
磡
һ񱩵ըӡֻɫצֱץͬʱֻɫצͣǿź󷽵Ⱥȥ
㿪
ҪӲ
ǰĽͬʱˣǵлûзӦɫצץУֻһѾͽ촷ۡ

͡
ѪɽڿտĴϡ
ֲսٴθˣЩˣʵҲԳڳˡ

ַ˸ԶͿԶĽӡԼɫצ
ӿ˷еٶȣͬʱΰθߣûһ˿շȥһƵ˶Ǹֱ·ѾǵĴڲͣ¡
ַûżսȦվڿУ·׷򸾵˹۲
ʮ򷨾ʿʮǴﵽ˾ŷڣĶʮһڡ
ʮŷʿУսֱǽڣţ󣬰ʥȭᣬȨˣʮǾʿʹøԵսʹ÷ɽҲʹõǴ󵶣һЩֵһ
ȻСزϣֻҪûΣգͲҪַٴζԺһƺСزһ顣ֻаٺú󷽣ܰս
һƺСزĵͷ
ַſڰͬʱͷųһ˽󽫾־пҲ˳ʼоԪͷżܣתעַڡ
ʱ·Ѿ׷ʮԪ˧սһ
ַ۾һͻȻͺһɱͬһӸ߿ֱ¡


37 ս
ʮȶѩȻڵΪҲʼЩԲˣرϻˣӰķӡ
ʱͻȻһص
ڰУɫâתĵλһ޴۾һ˵Ӱ̤ɽվ۾֮С
ַ棬ʲôʱԪ˧ˣ
սԪ˧ʶַ棬رĺڰʮۣʱΪоԪ͸ʬ֮۵ĹϵһЩ仯ԾһۿԿ
ﵽԪ˧ҪͷΪյķ֮ҪãֻҪܹӦһжӦ츳Ԫ֮ܵӰ죬൱Ƭ׼
ַȴ⡣
Ի֮ۺǴ֮۶İͫҪͬʱͷţʬ֮ҲǱʱУͬܵơ
οַڼоԪ֮Ѿķ룬һͺתĻĸ
־һ˽ͳ߶
˲ͬעǼַϣǿ֮еĽ֮ˣоЩ˵ʵȻᱻַƳ˿ܣ
Ҫ֪Щ˿ȫǴ󽫾лвǳ򣬾ַЩҲ̫Զ֮ԻȫĽֻ˵ַͬҪǿࡣ
ɱ⿪ʼȻַ汾ʵֵȥעΪܣʵǿҲǿԵһ㣬ַʵӦȴ˵ˡ
СӲûж룬ֻڿַһ˲̧ʳָָ£һѾ۳͡
ҶսҲҷģôĵӡһǰһ졣ʱ䣬һ޴צϺɨ
һצ̫󣬲磬ʮʿԪ˧ȫһצһңѻַõʱǿƻ
ಣ
ַѾһ²һʿ֮䡣
ûʱѩ򸾴кֱַӷ˹֮Ի֮ڵһʱͷŶ
ЩͬԪ˧ʿԻ֮ãһڵʿʱ˻þ
һڴ󽫾ʬɽΧְַַ߱һþľʿϣԪѸٰһӵ·߿ʼת


·ĺˮӿĹעַڡ
ЩԪл̺һЩַ֪ĳɷ֣ǰջת·ԼڿζţַֻеԼڵϸڻȸԾϵŽϴ
ûϸѣÿһϸıʶڷ仯øӼַ͡оԼһɼΪǿ
Сӣȥ
һŷڵʿַǵзѣϳ˹жһѳһСһǵСַ
ַ淴һ֣䡯һڳϣ޴ֱӽǱҵһˣȴûֱҷɻȥ
Сӣ̫ˣ㲻һڶѣͨһַҲҾŷڱȽϷԶˡŷʿмЦһָ޳ߣʱٴμַȥ
ŷڣƿؾзȻԾֻһַΪ򣬵ȴַȻҪԶԶͨһַ
ַоԪԪڷϱȲԷȴԪ㡣
пܲͣͷ츳ܣھԪת±Ԫעַڣʱַڱ񱩵Ԫ
뻯ͬоԪתԪȻͬԹעڣЩԪ֮ûĳɷֻ֣ڶݴͷųȥ
ַʱֻеԼ·˳򣬼Ҫһ;ȥйһ¡
ٴֺ̧ݺݵĴ
ءһǱ޳ٴα˻ȥ
ôܡŷʿ¶ŵɫ
һĹһɫӰȴѸٵļƵľ
ʲô
Ӱһ仯Ϊһֻذ׵ִԼŷڵʿϽ޳СջأԼĲϡ

Ľײ
ŷʿʱعҪ׷ӰȴһɢҲһ˿ۼ

ַûйŷʿǽһԻ֮͵һʿٴתͬʱʬ֮ҲѾͷŶߵ߷ֱڼʿϡһڿֵݳһʿɱתۼ䣬ʿַĿܡ
ǿ֮䣬ڶһʿѾ̱ɸˡ
ܵѾַֹͣԥһָǰʿɱٴνתΪԼĿܡ
¬쵰ɱ㡣
óӱľʿŭĺеľ޳αŴһ׳̵ַ̣濳
ַһοٺˣһӣԷ΢赲Ƭ̣ͬʱһ˽ʬѾΧȥ
¬ǰѾתɿܵͬ飬ֳֺڵľʿ۾ˡ
¬ȻѾ޷ӦѾַĻ⣬Ƿ֮ڣԱߵһɽŷʿȥ
־һ类ɵľʿҲǷ˸ԵĹһĽһɫķɽͬʱնڵʿı
һ˽Χַû˵
ʱҲѾӦ˹ʱŷڵʿԪ˧ͬʱַ淢˹
ɱСӿ԰תĿܣɱһ˵ʧˡ
ҺɱȻɱ˶вࡣ
Ǻɱ
ͬʱȫһֻƾַ涥ܹһַֻ·һ
áַͫ˲θҪȴָûпܶ
ʱ໡һĺ
ֻ˲仯Ϊһﳤɫԣɫβһɨ㽫ַȫɨͬʱֻǧ׳ľצֱһŷڵʿƵˡ

һɳնԵϴƬѪ⡣һֻּͬʱָɵնǵϡ
ָ˱壬ȻսԵĿҲǱˣࡣѪˮ·ٲһڵϣǸûиоѩʱ侲ֹſ޿һڽһŷʿȥ

ʿĿзҽУܿ㴫˸ȻȻֹ
ΪþʿǷˣŷڵľʿͬʱеͨ

ɫͭӣ˽һвͬı˳һʱ棬ֱӵȫϡ


38 
޴ڿзζ߼ͨĹ̫޴ѳ׶ܹȥֻǿҪƫһЩѡ

ѩԿ۾ˣһҪʱȴмͬʱ߷һâһֻǰĵ֮ʮ˵һЩķںͬʱѩ
ʱϡѩһ˫ǰһʱͷųһ߲ʱϡ
򹥻ڱ߲ʱ棬·ֱӴ͸˿ռ䵽һλ棬ûм˿ʧ
ʱϣԼʵ֮ʱֳ֣硣
Ҳ˵ڴѩĹʱϵѾ˽һʱ֮ŻѩǸط
ʮĵգѩûͣһ߲ʹâֱȥ
ѩȥַ档
һѩУžͿ޴һڶѾѩصŷʿ
ѩдŽţһ˵ֵסǵġ
˻һɫβһǧΣʮŷʿͬʱˣûģһܶһַĶ㣬ȥ
ѩҧҧڵѡȷġ
ʥΧʱʹַǿʲôתһ˽־֪ʬ֮۵Լ౻ΧʵƴԼ϶ܡַ潫һŷڵʿתɿܣǽϾͻ᲻һˡ
ѩȻԼɷȴҲڵľơԵַ߷
ַ棬תܡ
ۿѩѾҪԼ˵ĹΧͻȻһѩ㻹ǷɡǼȻѾַ֪СӵĹŹ֣ôļıóѣͬʱһʮĳȥ·
ʮ˸޴ӡδӽѩ߱㱻һβɨ
ַ棬Ϊ壬ȴΪѵҪȫΪ𣿡ۼʱ޷ʼַ溰
սҲǽڡ
ûַ㾹ȻΪһ˺Լͬ࣬ѵԼѻ𣿡
ַ棬ҪСľһۿɼѾǱֻٰ֣֮ԼҲȥҶ֮еǿߣͬս㼰ʱͷü
ַ棬㲻Ҫ󡭡
ʮһʱ䱻һ˵󡣳岻ַֻܹ档
ַֻЦһӼӿɼʿٶȡ
޳ʿֳ־޳ַʬܴսһ˶ռ˻ǴռϷ磬ÿηػʱ򶼻һ˽ͻȻĹѽɱɾ
ʱѩ޳ʿʱ
ѩΪŰú޳ʿСѩһȼ˲㱻ԷƷ
ѩֻЦһɱҷΪŰѵΪŰҪŰ𣿡
ಡ޳ʿַ档
ַϽһѽץסûʹûֱӷʬ֮۴һߣȻһָɱתɸʬܡ
Ҫһʱ䣬ʱһ赲Էôŷڸ֣ʱ伫ޣַȻҪȡᡣ
һ˲䣬ʣһʿҲַնɱ⣬ȫĸʬܡ
Ƭ֮䣬һںһŷʿתΪַսһھŷڵʿһľ
ٷѩ
áһЦֻצʱһƬռ䡣
Сġȵͬʱצۼնȥ
һƤǿֱӲŹץȥɲǽŷʿצС
ҹȥһŷʿһ˦ѩǰת۱һ߲ʹâԭء
ɱɱ
ַٶȳ֣ŷڿܵ
һʿеĺˣΧߵĹҲͣ
ַĬදצʼַ潫ŷʿתΪֻһգ۵ĹʿĲҽаڶ߻ƣѾ˶Էˡ
һգ۾ܽתɿܣҾǱԼΪ߳һҲܹתѾȫǵʶ·ǰҪôܹɱַ棬ҪôϽսߣսȥԼЩֻԽԽΣա
ô죿Ѿ˵ӡ
൲ǰѩںߣڻһŷڿܺһڿԼڶ󽫾ĿַܱߣҪ˲ɱַ졣
ԥҲüͷһ벻ʲôð취
ʱĸ˵ˡ
ʥкܴһû̽ϣʥҲ֪ںδھɱЩ̫˰ɣ
ĸһ׾ģһϯɫۼʹղŵսҲһȾͦһˣû뵽˵ȴ˵˿졣
඼ΪԼˣ޴֮ûֱֻ۾ʵ˵ʲô
΢΢һЦ˵λʵЩ̫ˣʥûҵеʲôΣջö֪ɱǿЦ
˵ǺԳЦ
⻰ǵ͵ĺȴһ̬ȺѡҪôսһȥѰҴʥҪôƴһ
Ҷ˵ĿΪΣܹ֮ҲΪսΪ˾ʿɱԽ֪࣬ѩҲŽˣ϶ðȻ֣ϾܹɱˣԼҲҪˣѰҴʥҺпȥԼ
ûɵӣڵľֻ⡣ܹζԹصԭ㣬˶ԸģΨһұ֤ģࡣ
Ը̫ԵֱֱЭ˶飬ʼնûס˵һ䡣
޴ͷ𣬷ЦбŰϢ˿ûм
˶ΪҪֵʱȴͻȻһֹסЦͳãǾһȥѰҴʥ˭ҼŪıߺߡ
һЦǵȻǵȻλΣ
ˣʿͽҲǵͷ͡ǲΨһһʥˣսʿҲʥزǿ϶Щ˵֮Ѿôʱ䣬ҲѾˡ
սֹͣһȺвҪָڵأпٵĻָ
ѩַһߣԶˡ
һƺСزкһʩչΪˣʹĻָٶȱü졣ۿϵԼٶȺתٴα


39 һɽ
Ϊʮ֮ףսһǿߣѾǧûܹˣʱôΧشֽѽܡ
ѩոΪʲôֹңЩǺ̫ΣգǾռţβûȫɱഫ
ѩҡҡͷͬˣѵѩﲻ𣿿õͻƻᣬһ֮ܿ궼´λˣѩˣ̺𣿡
ѩĻеıŰɫˣѩΪԼ롣
Ҫ֪Ѿǧ˰ˣȻԶ࣬Ҳһޣļ޾꣬Ҳ˵ٹ֮ˡ
ѩ˶ҪĹʣһʱ⣬ʥҲҲΪ˸ַ׼ŮѰһЩʯͽԪ˧ıû뵽ȻõʥдʥԴһɷϢ
֮ƽڣַһʮѡսʷϻû˳ɹ
౾֮ˣһǧ򷨾ǧﵽڣȻֱǧ˰꣬ȴҲʼûѾ˽׵뷨˭֪¾Ȼпֱӻһ硣ôܲ
Ҫ֪ȻֻһСĽףҲǧһһʿ˵һԾܾջ

̾ϢһΪܹףҲֻˡӣҲ
Լ߻ѩŮСزҸ໹ûйֻΪһʱˬٻǧϣȴǿ϶᲻õġ
ַ濴˵仯µ˵Щʲôֱѩ鶼ƽ˵壬ѩ̣ȥѰһЩԪǿ
һתͷռԪʲôֻҪԪͿ˰ɣ
ѩҲǵͷпԪ֮أ鶼ڵʵһȥ϶ǲеģ̽괫ʥһȥΣ
ַ룬˵һȥһ˰ɣҵ֮ںԪ࣬ټԪӦûǿ̽ʥѱûΣգһԼʵ
ѩԥֲַһ²Ϊһᾡϻġ
ѩַ֪Ը֪ѾͺѸı䣬ҲֻѩΪͷһ֮ͫϡ
һƺСزҲȥַȴͬ⡣
ΪʱѾ׸ԭѩǣȫԱ֤ԼһҪδ֪Σա
ֻҹֳһӰַߣԭȥ

һɫĻǰǰһ޾ĺڿռѷ죬һһƬƽ˾Ľ޻ʵ˸оͻأʥ򻮷ַ
ַѾִԭû룬Ǵϵͳռ䣬
Σ񣨵һɡؼȡһΣǷȡ
ַԥѡȡ
ϵͳתһâҫâ֮ϱߵĽƷͼҲѾ˱仯д󽱵λʧֻʣƷÿƷֻһƷͼꡣ
ַ濴һ£εĽƷͼһģһģһͼʮƣֻԲͬһεĽƷȻǰݣȻֻ֣Ҳкܴͬ
䣡̤һɽںϽ似ںϽ
ַ潫ȫһ飬һͼںϽͼ꣬һƵ似ںϽ
ǳ鵽ںϽٲͰٹҹںϣӦûȵһҪǿһЩַţϵͳתѾʼת
ӵʱ䣬ת̵ٶȿʼ
ַѾȡνʱת̱ٶȣѾ²³ͣĵطЩü
ȻһɽַЩ̫⡣
ΪٹҹеѾʮֿ٣䣬תǵӦ֣һƷںٲһεĻӦȫ֧ŷʿ֮սˡ
ʱϵͳȻһѵرȰٹҹмٲã
ַ治̫š
Σ鵽ؼһɽǷȡ
ȡַڻش
һ׹תֱӽһɽʹ÷ɽַС
ʮӺ󣬰׹ʧֱַԺж༫ΪӵĶͬʱһһɽļϢҲС
һɽؼࣩؼɺһɿԽɽעΪСɾ硣
һɿԽɽַ治ŵЦ̫˰ɣ
뵽໯֮󣬹㳬ҲͲôˡ
ҲҪﵽɾҪﵽڰɣʱһҲǼٶˡַֹһ䣬СɾһɽٶΡ
ԪЭͬͬʱתͨŵ׷ַתȥǰĿտ֮һˢһ£ǰʱվǱ˲ѹһűˮǰƶ㽫ʱն͸˹ȥ
ַ澪һ£ϽͷԼʲôطȻʮ֮ǵͨصĺĻ󣬳׵ɵۡ
СɾҲһʮٶǡַľϲ鲻֪ô
ַ棬ô£ַһӰͻȻվȵʵ
ַҹӰԼϣΪӰһЧǿ˵Ӱ֮Уַ治ܶԶֻҪӰӻڣô޷ҹ׷١
Ҹոյõһ似ַ֪޷ڸȥֻһ׽ܵķҹ˵ҵиߴйصϣǴһҪ⿪ܵõߵϡ
ַ̯֣Ҹովǽ⿪һԻһؼ⻹ֻС״̬ɣ˲Ϣ
˲Ϣҹһ䣬ʵȴ顣
ոֻһʱַΪʶôһ䣬ʵʳ֮ЩˣΪԼĺĿַܻеΪѡû뵽ַô׻شˡ
ҹЩϲַһƺСز֪Լǵһ֪ģȻҪһƺСزʲôоǸеرĸˡ
ʱӰӰ״ַ̬濴ҹı飬ֻǽ˵ѹϵͳҳ鵽һɽȻһȰٹҹںٲҪʺ϶սǶܻǸ·ȴҪǿٹҹ̫ࡣ
뵽ַȴͻȻ
ϵͳһܣӦǼΪΣյģǲֻܵĳ̶ȡ
ַ䣬ϵͳʾ
ע⣬ڶ


40 ԭ
ע⣬ڶҪͨԭʮÿͣʱ䲻ʮӡʱޣ졣ؼȡһΡעʱԽ̣󽱿Խ󡣣
ַĻ䣬ϵͳʾӦͽŴ
ͨԭҪַͣΪԼû壬ϵͳռ䣬ٴνһ顣
ͨԭʮ򣬶ÿҪͣʮӣⲻҪ𣿡ַ֮һɬ
ѩ˵ԭľ鶼ڣʵ൱ַڵʵĺѱ֤ͨ
ϵͳûԼҸոյõһɽַҲЩͣ˼㶨
ʱ䣬ٴλһؼȡᣬֵֽȥƴһΡַ濼ǵһƺСزǻڵңջȥ
ƴˡַһҧҹ˵βɱУֻҪܣͲýȥˡ
ҹŶһַҪˡ
ȴûַӰӵ˼˵Ҳû£ʱ򻹻żһȥɡҵӰ㱻ɢҲûйϵķѵʱ仹ٴۣؼʱ̻ܰ㵱һЩ
ַ롣ҹֵ÷ģûپܾ

ˢˢˢˢ
ַӰڿտƽԭÿһζʮľ룬ϤոյõҪܹʩչĵزſϰݡ
Լȥһʱ䣬ַѾˣһԭȥ
ˢ
ַһ̤Ѿһռ䷨Сûվȣһռѷſһ£ϸܵĿռѷһƬַΧ
һ̤Խɽ
ַֻǰһֱӴԽʮ룬һƬռѷȴӰӶˡ
ַһ㶼ҷɣ֪֮У϶һռ侫￴ԼֻҪԼڣһ֪Լ
Ȼһʱַٴѿһɫķ϶ǣַٴʩչһɽɿԭء
һ߳ʮȥַ治ߵģϾͻһ߼ռѷԼߣмѷһɽİ·ϡ
ҿַһɽرϰ΢ͣµЩҪײռѷˣҲˡ
ַڵΪʱͷһܲеƣͣǳʱļо۲ȴǻľɼģ츳ҲˡۿʮӼȥַҪһ½һǰͻȻһر޴ѷ졣
ѷ켫ݹأѷм仹һ˫ڵ۾
ܹ֮ȫɫĿռѷпһ˫ɫ۾Ϊ˫۾Χһ˿˿ɫķ·׵һĹ⻡ʱֻ۾һ˲˲Ķַ棬ɫĹ⻡ԽԽܼͻȻһ¾ͱ˳
ǡ
ռзһƬܼ죬Ƶʳĸ֪ޣַȴƾ֮Ӧһ˿˲䷴Ӧκ˵ͬʱΧĿռ侹Ȼǵһ۵֮һȫ˲һա
ҵ죬ֹ̫ˡ
ַ£ںɫƽԭ֮ϣŷ·һĹһĿռ䣬ֹӦѾڵĽ˰ɣ
ʱҹӱַСģжˡ
ַϽͷȴһƬڰʲôŷԼѾһƬ
ƬһַеϤϢַоԼķõܺõĳɳ
귨򡣡ַԵĸܵķ֮Լ׽в뵽ԭ򲢷ǶǶкģֻΪǵ츳ڵķԲŻܵż
ַһ£ĺʺ츳ռȫǳ֮һŴռ䡣
ͻȻַ濴Զһڰ䣬·Ƥ·һÿǰһַ涼еԼ֮׳һЩĽӽΧĿռҲǱ֮ĺ󣬱øۣΪʵʣַ̲סҪͷųΡ
ԡ
ַҪͷųʱȴ͵ؾѡ
תȥովƬռ䷨ȴѾˣԼûжһ˵һ֮Ӧǿռ䷨Ŷԡ
ַǰȥ֮ȴָû߻ؿռ䷨
ʩչٹҹУʩչһɽȴʼ޷߳ǸڰӰһһԼӽ
ҹ
ַ溰һȻȴûеõκλӦ
ı˲䱻亹ʪ͸Ҳٵ
֮ͷŶԻãǴʬ֮Ҳַͷ˳Ȼеֶȫþַ淢ߵûб仯
Ҫ£꾫飬ѡ
ǰĺڰ˫ɫߵĸˣַĿȻԼһģһֻ֣ǰҪסַһȻϵıȴԽԽ
ʱַϵĽűͻȻȫʧһ֮Ȼתţվںɫ֮ͫУɺͺһա

ڰɫӰʧ
ͬʱַΧĺɫռҲȫʧ¶һƬãģһеĴء


ַţʮ֮㽫Щŵƽո̫ˡ
ַ棬ոշʲô£ҹҲ˹ǿȱַԶ꾫һײײ˹ȥֱ꾫鱻ַŻָڻеЩͷۡ
ַ˰Ѷ亹˵ղǱ꾫ĻþԻ󣬲㱻ɵꡣ
ַղŵľ꾫ĻþȷʵջҲʮֵʵȴ΢С
У㲻츳ߣҲк֪ܶǰɫǺɫ顣ȴ֪һʱȴӦǺڰཻӦǻɫġ
ַھ츳֮ǰǻһģʱǻɫ֮Ǻڰ˫ɫӦǺԼͫйء
ղǸ꾫龹ȻǺڰƤķȴȫڵɫɻ
Ľ֤ɻȷġɺĻ꾫֮ͬʱõһźɫӣԪһģһȴСһȦȻһŲԪӦûһŶԡ
꾫ӦòһַͻȻ˵
ҹʣֻһ飬Ļƻƽ⣿
֣꣬Ȼ굫ȴбʵĲͬԵ꾫Ҳпܵġַ͵ղǸ꾫Ӧ꾫飬ƬӦûһ꾫Ŷԡ


41 ηʨӡ
ַķûƬȷʵһ꾫ڡ
꾫һ꾫տʼʱҲһƬþҪԻԼֻ꾫ĻþУ˰ɫ
ͬһڰཻɫ꾫Ÿոճ־ͱֱַȡɺ˽ȥ

һɫӳɺУһöɫңӦ
ַ潫ȫȡһӾȻĻںˮһںϳһһȦĻɫԲ顣
Ԫַ濴ŻɫԲ˵
ռĵһöԪû뵽ھڣַϡ
ԪҲҪɱܵõôҪԪˡ
ַţѾһƬ
νΪַĸоԼڼʧƬճȥ
Ĺѵȫ⻹ô㣿ַüһɽʹƬšϧߵַڳš
ʮӵʱ䣬ַӰӶûз֡㱻ʮꡣ
ûκΰ취ַֻӲʮ࣬ѾﵽҪʱ䣬ַϽ뿪Ƭ򣬽뵽һ
һ߲ʹĻ֮䣬ַոմ͸ȥ㿴ǰһӰԼһ߲ʹâ
ˢ
ַֻǰ߲ʹһǸӰͲˡ
ô£ַüոնǵӰԼ˹ΪʲôԼһ㶼ûиоһգ߲ʹâǸӰȫˣ
ַ棬ҸӦԼıˡҹȵӱ
ʲôַҲһôӦ壿ѵ
ַΪҹıѾȥԲŸоˡ
ҹҲԼ˵ˣϽ͵ǸӦֻܸӦڣȴ޷ϵͺ񡭡Һͱֱͬʱһ
ַһ˵ǽʱ򣬸ոǸӰӦʱ侫飬Χʱ䱻ˣڵӦԭ紦ڲͬʱΣ޷ϵ
ַܿԭȻͻȻһ֣ȡһֱǬеָ֮ͫһѪϱߡ
ѪҺϺܿ챻֮ͫոɾַԺгѩ
ַ棬ʲô£ѩдŹУַ˵ùʲôԽ飬֮ͨͫϵѪǻ֮ͫķֻҪѪҺգѩͻоȻַ潨ϵ
ַ˿Ȼ²ѩΪʱ츳ߣͷŵͫӦÿͻʱķûϵʼ޷
˵ѩ̣ʱ䷨򣬸ոձʱ侫ͷһܸӦѾԭˣ㿴ڸô죿
ѩûش𣬶֮ͨͫ۲һܣ˵ַ棬ʱ侫ʱʱ߻һʱΣʵʱѾҲʱڵ㣬ܿԶʧڹȥ֮䣬ֱȥָӣҴ߳ȥ
õġ
ַ˵ͷȻʵʵĸѩָһŲšַ֮ٴγʱ侫ǰ
ɢ߲ʹâʱ侫ǸŮӵģַʱ˳µС¶һ˿ȵı顣
ţһι
ˢ
߲ʹâɹ
ַ˷һ̤ѾԶԭأٳʱԷʮ
ַһֱʱ侫֮ľ룬ʱ侫û˹ĻᣬַвַһֱţֱʮӺֱӽһ
һ
ԭһʮַһһЩĵá
ռ侫ٶ죬ʱ̶Ҫܣַһɽͨȴûʲô⡣
꾫ɺѹƣһ־ͱɽȥַϢ
ΪѲַ߹ֱһβŷڣȻһö޸޾Ľɫ
öϵΧ֮ͨĻʳе֣ȴûʲô
ַã֣ҪȡָոսӴеڷٵʧһգ۱㱻ɫ
ַ󾪣ȴǺݺһ࣡һӽɫмһŽɫԲ顣
ʧȥ˽ɫԲ飬ήҲˣٶȼࡣ
ַԪ뽫Ҳһߣȴ޷սǬеĻȻٶȱ࣬ȴҲﵽÿһĳ̶ȣһֱţԼ߳ȥ֪ҪķѼټǧ֮£ַֻܷ
һöԪˡ
ַҡͷЦ⣬ΪֶֻҪͻӣԪȴԼڼĶһҪٴεõˡ
֪ûϣȡÿռԪʱԪ
ַŽԪҲ룬뵽ʱվǿַͷ
ǡ
һƬռѹַһռ䷨˳
վԭأַľǳĺһȻһЦҹ˵߳ˡ
ҹҲǴӰ¶Σɵռ䷨ȻвСǴѹȸȴ󿴵Щռѷ첻ϾۼҪͣˡ
˵ҹԼؿڣѹı顣
ȷʵַ򣬿ռ䷨Ϊϣַ漸ûϢʱÿʱÿ̶Ҫ۾ܿռѷĹԸеѹȸкǿȽۡ
һжֵˣΪַԺѾϵͳʾɵϢ
ΣڶɣؼȡһΣǷȡ
ַûѡȡǸҹ˵һٴԼӰ֮УȻһʩչһɽѩڵĵطһ߷ֳϵͳռ䡣
ʱϵͳתϵͼѾַ潫Ŀתͼ꣬һ֡
ָȣϰ˷ȭ̤ηʨӡͨؼںϽ
νÿ඼УںϽȴһַ˵
ϴγȡһɽľַѾףֻں似Щ似ɢںҲǼǿġ
˽ƷƣֱַӺȡ
תӦʼתٶԽԽ졣
˰ӣתͣ䵽ηʨӡͼϡ
ηʨӡǷһźﻹķţ֪ǲǺ͵ϵǸηʨӡйءַôţѾȡ˽
ͬһ׹Ժδ似ʱ価ȻǰλҪһӺŴϡ
ַоϲΪܿԤʾηʨӡҪǰõ似Ͻ鿴иηʨӡ飬ֻǵһ仰˴͡
ηʨӡؼࣩ似


42 
ηʨӡؼࣩ似ͨ似϶ɣͷʱͨʨ˻̬似ʨӺֹ̬ϣֹ˺ӵĻٴ
עѾѧʨӺ뻢ںϳ似ʨأηʨӡе似ʨӺԶ滻Ϊʨء
ַֻǿ͸еʮ־ϲ
Ҫ֪ɲģֻҪʵӣ˺ֵһֱӡַϲľԡ
ֹϣӣٴһ
֪ͨʲôûǲǿκ似ںϣ
ΪηʨӡĹƺܹŹ֣ʮָͷһΧһͼַûпϱйͨĽܣҲ֪ͨ似ַͣҹĲ죬ֱһηʨӡʮָͷһԪӿγһʨͷģ
ȥ
ַ˫ǰһƣš໺𡫡һһֻԼ׵Ԫʨشַ˳ȥ
ֻԪʨǰĵϲûըɢʵַƣ˻βŸоԪЩҪɢļ
䣡һ˻֮ԪʨӺȻһըҵԪըΧһضɽҡ
ǿַ澪ϲĺ
Ԫʨӵһ˻Ӧøϵһŷʿȫһǿ
ͷٶȻһЩҪսʹûҪǿַܵȱݣʮָͷƸӲ˵ؼԪתҲҪܶ໷ڣͷԼҪһӵʱ䣬ĸǿȶս֮Уһ㹻ȫһټˡ
ַٴôǰûмʶ似ҹûдСֻ֡Ϊηʨӡ˺еȡ
ע⣬Ҫͨǰʥͨʥп顣ʱޣޡؼȡһΡעɳ̶Խߣ󽱿Խ󡣣
ϵͳʾûгٵַոȡʽ
ַϸһݱ·ҹͨϵΪַָ·ַʩչһɽظϵٶȱȥԭʱʮ
ַ档ԶһƺСزӭ
һֱͨҹùַϢֱַ氲ȫġ
ַ棬ջΣЦǰȻֻǹȥ죬ַĸоȴǰͬն
ʵϲ˿ַĸоҲЩͬˣΪַڵƺʢһźǿĸоַŵģµõ似
һǿһ޵УַѾκξŷʿս
аɡַЦЦȴܵ飬ֻǽջ˼öԪ˵˳ȥ
һöԪͰöԪַڻȱʱԪռԪѩӦַ̽괫ʥȡʱԪռԪฺæ
ڴҶûʱ䣬ΪһŷڵʿѾùŷ̽˴ʥڣѩҪٵһ죬Ѿʼˡ
ַ棬ڿߵһˣЦ˵
ַֻ֪һȺʬܣۺʵȽˣȴû뵽ַڼʹøʬҲЩͷĿһսʵ
ַֻЦЦҲ˵֪ЩҪ˵ϣܹڸ˽ϵͳ֮˵ʡ֪ġ
ȵѾˣǲǿԽˣһԶ˹˼˵˵
ַ浹ûʲôȴü
Ҳ֪εǣԼܷƽڣԺѵõûЩСϷֻǿŷһ㡣
ѷĿֻԷӦһת˾ۺ
ڲԪ֮ңҲӦûԪؾĴڣҪСһЩһ䣬ûбܻˣ̬ٱַ˵Լˡ
ַ룬ҲԪؾĴڣ֪᲻ʱ侫Ϳռ侫顣ܹڽ봫ʥ֮ǰԪԼʵٴǾ͸аʥпˡ
˿ʼж߳ڣʱ䣬ΧԪ֮˼ı仯
һ쫷˷Ϯ֮൱һžʯ
̽ʥλõʿǰʿǶһڽͬʱһԲһĶԲʿͷϣһɫˮ
ˮᱡǷȴСΧ쫷˿ûˮĶЩʿˮıһǰȥ
սǸھʿһ࣬Ծû뵽ʿˮ֮УһԪͷţǿʵӲǰȥ
Ҳ߰ɡѩ˵
áַ˶ǵ˵ͷ
ʱͻȻ˵úһƺززһ߰ɡϱͷųһʮֱԪ֡
򣬽ֹԪ֮ʱ䳤ҲСˣеһƺСزķȴҪӴ
ַȴЦЦ˵ô鷳
𣬱ַСֱԼ˶СַŽ͵ҵתԪֻҪûо飬ͨԪӦÿա
ַһ򣬷Χ쫷ڴԼ֮һ±ƽоԪת£˲ͱԵԪ
Ǻǣ⵹ʡҵ鷳ˡԪֵַ֣֮зɡ
ַ˵ҵûоԪ֮ĿǿĻÿˡ
һЦģҪĸҴߵע⣬ҾֱӰԪٳ
˵ôĹ򣬾ʿսѾ߳һξ롣
ַҲٶ˵ֱӶ˽ȥ

ţǿַСӵȻתԪûģʵ
ַٶȺܿ죬һ׷˾ʿսоʿֻǿһַ棬¶һ˿ȱ㲻ᡣսЩƽ⡣
ʥݺݵĴΪһ࣬ȻۣͬɱԪ˧Եվһߣߣַ
ҲǿַȴԼʥĻһ˵ĸͣ˶ַԹ޵
Щ˿ַ޷ǴЩ˵沿ϣַȴܹණ
ַЦ˲Ҳˣҡնݳ


43 ʥ
ںХˮ罣ɽʯոնܹȥһƬ𺣡ַȻ֮ͥŲȴܹܵĻ֮
Ԫ֮˱ŰӣӦòİɣַֹ
ӽѾȥʮʱ䣬ûпһ΢ֻһԪ֮ڵġû㹻Ԫ֮޷Ԫؾ飬ǳʶ
ҪõʱԪռԪǲ̫ˡַʧ
뵽ԼһջַȴЩ˷
û뵽оԪʮתȻΧԪ֮˲ٵķ֮ڳ˻ԪطԪطҶѾ͸ˣǾŷڸһ
ַάŵ΢Ц
һ߸ŷ֮һ߷ֳϵͳռ䣬ԼЩȻߵۣȴһֱϵͳͼϱעǸͼƶʱѾʮֽӽˡ
ͷ죬ѾʮˣôûмʥӰӣȷûߴһͷսϵĶдʥЩɵʵ
ʮǲһ̵ֱĲУǷһξŻͣһ·ʱ߳ľѾǼԶˡ
ôʱȥȴûз봫ʥϢ˾Щˣοʥ˵ֻΪֱڿѣʵôˡ
ߣʥôҵģͷ飬·ҲǿֶΡָ·ľʿĮ˵
㡭ʥµ˵
бͷط£ѰҲʥô˾͸ûҵˣʥֻȴǽԷˡ
ʱǸоļֹ죬ûмʥڡ
ξҲ˿ʼˡ
ͷ죬ܹӦǾ봫ʥжԶ»ҪһߵֻҪһ׼ȷĿ꣬ߵҲеװһͷ̲ס˳
˳Ƹŵǰͷ죬֪ھ봫ʥԶ𣿡
ǰ·ľʿüС˵ѾƾطҵʥڣӦþ⸽ɣѾΧ߱飬ȴʼ޷ʥڣǹ¡
ͷҡͷҲһĲ⡣
ַͬˣΪϵͳռĵͼϣҲʾԼѾʥͼĵص㣬Χ˵ʥˣʲôûа
¡ַɻˣѵĴͱ˻ˣԴʥʧˣ
ַ뵽һ㣬תһ־òԣΪϵͳԼѰҵʥߵĴп飬ʥѾʧϵͳӦ÷
ϵͳҲַֻһ룬˼ȴǷŵͼϡ
ͻȻַһȻϸŵͼ˵⹬·һƣƯƲϷ
ѵַϵͳռ˳͵̧ͷա
Ԫ֮ӿ
ַ룬ԼĲ²ķʽ֪ѩ
пܣҴǰͷڴǶȦӣӲҲĿڣѾָ˴ʥȴϸǡַķ˵ôһ䡣
ѩҲ˵ͷ˵ңȥ
˵һѾֱֱϷȥ
ڷɳַʱѩϰһ㵭߲ʹâеԪع涼ֱʧˣѩɹһ֮ЩȻԪعƾճǸλ
ѩٶȺܿ죬ǻǱ˷춯ȫעеַߡ
֪εȥˣ΢Цǰʵ
ЦôҷȥҪͬ𣿡
˿̬ȣЦ͹ε飬ֻͬЭߵΪͬһĿ꣬ʥڻ֪кΣգ϶Ҫĺʲô֣벻ҪЩˡЦָָ
һʮʿȫˡ
ߣз֣Ȼǵġһɴ۾ø˷ϻ
ӣȻжڴģȴҲû˵ʲôַ˶⣬ѩܲԼһҵʥʹ˽ȥ
Ͼʥʲôжûףڲ֪ʲôΣյ£һҪ԰ȫΪ̽ȻԽԽá
һ㿼ǣڳ˶ǻжԵʵôܻһ
뵽˷ѩع顣
ʮӺ֮ͫͻȻѩ
ַ档
ַϽӦѩ̣ڡ
ѩЩ˷ܵʥϱߣʥΧвԪؾػһ˶ԸززǲҪҶսҡ
áַҲЩ򵥻شһֺ㽫ѩ˼ࡣ
ֱַõѩĻ˵˳˶Χ
ַ棬˵ģѩҵʥˣ˶ʵͬһ⡣
ַûпڣȵô⣬ֱӸȥ֪ˣϻôࡣ
˵
ʮŷڵʿʣĶʮһʿǸڸߡ
ȻһڵʿϾ޻֮Щ˱Ϊ˴жĿĵؾǰܲΪЩ赲ֱ˺
οǰߣʮŷʿڵĴ·ΣѾ͵С
ಡ
ʮӰӻҵԪгͻȻΧĿռʮƽ
´ܿ췢ͷϷһҪ޴Ĺʽ
쿴ʥһһڵʿ̲ס˳
֪ǲһԪؾע⣬ԶһˮɫԪؾСһУʱ۳һɫ˲仮׾룬ᡯһ˸ͨ͸

һһڵʿðһα顣
գһˣһЩŷڵʿеֲ´һȦֽΧĿܿĵطʮ֧ԪؾĴڡ
ңԶĸ߿գѩһ˶ԿԪؾ顣
໡ͻȻΪԣβһڱѩķ
ʮŷʿǴһһʿɱֻԼ߿ˮԪؾ顣
ľ飬ûпԼߣûбҪȥǡ
󲿷˶ҵԼĿֻ꣬ʣŷڵʿûвս
һǿʥĵ˵ʥѾҵߵıܹ˵Ҫʱ϶ⲻһᡣѩʵԶԶǣǼһַ棬ܿЩʲôòԡ
ʥһľŷʿ˻һ£¶һЦȻͬʱ·ַȥ

ַ̧ͷŴĿʥԼһŷڵľʿ¶һȻ˵ӡ
תͷԱߵĺһƺСز˵ǲսһעں󷽸Сز츳ܲҪʹãҸ㴫֪𣿡
Сز˵ĵͷַܰæ
һҪصĶ֪࣬ʱ콵˶ǴһַȻСزһξ롣
ҹɷַӰϣҪַָӣԼսʶͼǿ
ַСӣ¿˭ܹȵ㡣ʥЦڿȴͳһֻڡ
ֻѾ˿Ƽķ룬ΪڿʥУֻھȻڲŤţһ֮Χڿм䣬ԪԼٶȾۼ
ȥɡ񱩵һ޴Բַ˹ȥ
תתַ岻ڵоԪȴǷת
ߣСĹһָһǧɽâһնַ֮С
תȻǿ󣬵Ҳ޶ȣŷʿĺһǴоԪ˲תơ
ֻ࣡һ죬תɢ˿ȻھԪٴתȴһʱ޷赲ŷʿַĹˡ
ۿһһַ̺ͬʱϮַɲʮָһ𣬰ڳһصơ
ͬʱһŷڵĸʬѾ˳
ȡ
ʬͬʱһɷ顣
ʵȷʵҪһľŷʿǿö࣬ʬֻǵֵĽѾѾټϿ񱩵һԻȴǱײ
쵰ɱҾʿ
ʱһԾľŷʿڳˣһ˦еĺɫֻֻڿһͣȻתһзɳһʮһַȥ
ҷٳɻҽɡԾľŷʿĿĺ
ȻʱַȴֹͣϵĶ˫Ѿںƣһð
ȥ
ַ浭һȣȻȷʵΪˡ
һֱɫʨŴַгգۻΪ״Сһڽȥ
Ҫ֪ЩɲСӣÿһǧ׳ȽɫʨҪĶ࣬ǽɫʨֻһſڱ㽫ʳ˽ȥſһ߰÷顣
ۡ
ɫʨֱײԾ֮ʮѾʣ޼
һԾɫʨֱʿԣһ飬޴˷ֱӽȫľʿɳʮԶ
ʲôʲô似Ϳ񱩵Ŀɿڴ
ǼУŵҲͷŲֲε似ɡ
ȻӲӲĹУֱӽ߳Լһȼʿһɣ似񼼡
ηʨӡӵַ΢΢˷ܣȻ֮ǰ֪ηʨӡ޴󣬵ֻ˽սʵĸܵηʨӡʲôΡ
ոʿû֣ȴǱηʨӡһش˵ַηʨӡˡ
񱩵һۣ˶üͷ
ˣٺҲǲˣѩʵֻܿܽ飬ʱ˺ᱻɱ
ʵȴַ֪ǵԤ֮Уʱַ飬Χɱַ̫࣬ôַ֮ͫѩ
Էٵ˲࣬ôַƷɱԷϾҲҪʿսȥ
ֻû뵽ŷʿˣַûҪԼˣ֪һ㣬֪θ롣
СЩ֣Ǹ֮ǰɱЩѶȡ񱩵ü˵ǻΪΪ̫çײַˣԼڵġ
ɫ˼ΣͻȻ·ʲôشһһ˦ȡһʽŹֵĳ
ʽ·һȣһŵУÿһжһƬëӡȻϸ֮²ܷ֣ÿһƬëȫɾűɡ
žŰʮһһʮһ⣬ôһʽأ·һı


44 սҶ
Ҷÿһⶼһŷڽ޵ɣҽһһʮߴˣӵһʼ֮ʱԼһΪһö⣬ΪֹѾһʮö
縧еİҶֽ˵һΰҶţǰʱһͷް׻һĽһͷһһʮ˽ŽɱһұᴫʥصʱʹãΪȡʱ䣬ֻóˡ
̧ͷĿаҶתַϣЦܹڰҶ֮ңϣܽӵסҵһ
˵ţֽһӡ
ʱ䣬ؼױ任޾ķ֮ӿɲǼڰҶһö֮ϡ
ɱһͺȣ¡һһ޴â԰ҶӿЮһ΢ɼİâֱַӡ
ַμˣȡҶʱѾʼͷηʨӡֻϧηʨӡͷٶ̫ʱĹѾҪȴûͷų
ȥ
ַһһ˽ѾתΧͬʱгգۼʮǧھ޴â֮ϡ
Ȼһ̫ϬˣʮǧɵĽ˲䱻˺˷飬âȴ˿
ҵס
ַɫ䣬ŷڸʬɵǰ˺ͬʱԼǿһ
䣡䣡䣡
죬ͬǾŷڵΪʬܵĺһԾ޷âȡֻһ赲㱻ݿ˹ȥ
ҽǰһΪ۶ɵĽâΪһҲӲһһڵСҲܹסЦЦ
ַ档
ַСġ
ۿѾַǰһ˲ͻὫַ˺ƬһƺСزǽŵĽ
Ȼһ˲ȴַֻбǰһȻ˲ʧˡ

ǰĿռ伱ѹΪһˮĻһĿռַһֱʮ⡣
ηʨӡըɵľŷھʿŸոȶӣ۵һ³һѪûü䣬ͿһӰͻȻԼߣٶȿ쵽Ӧ
һ͵̧ͷģʱ̲ס˳ַ棿ôô죿
ַЦһηʨӡ͵ط
໺𣡡
޴Ľɫʨһصһײʿϣֱײķ˳ȥ
ϵĹͷѵʿѪһ¶ޱѣʱַһƽ죬Ŀؿڡ

ַ浭ĺȵѾٰض·߿ʼתܿӵԷϣǰŷڵľʿ˳
ءۡ
ʿҵĵ˫ۣϧ޲Ѿܵشʱܹǲףûκεֿ
ʮָһַָļƻУҪȫɱһ˵ģʿȶԼΪ
ʿʵĺ彥ήҡ
ַջ֣ԷѾɸɾʱҲѾûˣʬ֮۷һֱӴԷڣͬʱַָһᡯһһ΢ľֱӴԷԺ
̺֮ŵ귨˲ͽԷء

ɫֱʱŷɾأŷʿߣʱȴѾٶַ淢ˡ
类ַһɽٶȾһ£ӦһЩֱַηʨӡٴηʿش֮ŷַѾʮ⡣ʱתΣҶһָһâն

ƣö˫ԽâȻٶϱȲâĹȴҲâܱȵġһɳһˣǰĺܴһƬȫڡ
һɱκһŷʿȴûоʹֹͣոַٶȴ𺳣ֻһ޷˵ַ棬ֻҪâ赲κѡ
ˢˢˢ
âɳһӰԪؽ쫷罣Լɱǿ𽣡
ٶȣֱʹþâַΧȥâң£λɳķâңӦ
ַʬܣһһɽתǰռ˲ѹһƬˮĻȻҪ̤֮ʱȴˮĻ֮ͻȻһҫ۵Ľ
ţַ΢΢üû뵽ֻԼʩչһһɽеԭȻԼҪĿռ֮УֱӷסԼĵ·
ϽջؽŲһˮĻʧǰռʱָ
ʱҫ۵ĽȴѾַ߳˹ͬʱ쫷罣Ҳͬʱַǰһն
ǰȫнǱ˿ŵĽʱܱ任ǱʩչһɽǿַֻܱѡϿպ·ܡ
ϻ£ַ濴ν⣬ʱʥȴǴϷɱ˹̧־һַϷһƬȫֹ
һַֻһ·ˡ
Сӣ񱩵ȵ׷ȴıζ
ԶļҲЩڴĿַ棬ľӰַ·ƬֻҪַ淢һɽ㲻¿϶ᱻӰն롣
ַ۾΢΢һ˿ЦһȻȥ
ܲˡЦһĵͬʱƽٴθϵַǰ
Ȼַȵľڡ
ٶȷɿ죬ȻǿǼԸһɽٶȣɿ񱩵ٶȴǱַһɽ˺Զʱĵͬʱַ棬񱩵Ǳ˺ߡ
ַʱͻȻͣΣǰһִڴռˮĻͬʱݺǰĿ񱩵ϡ
ɱ
ַŭȣصһ񱩵ɳȥ
ոûһŷʿַٴһأһȻش񱩵ȴ˲ʧȥƽ⣬һʱ޷
ոȡĸʬܱ˳кɫһ˦һɳ
ַоԪ£Щȫһ񱩵ʿʵ൱ʱһԵֵһʱ䱻ʮ㱻ɻҽ

һаҶٶһĽâ˲ڿ񱩵ϵĻ棬ֱӽʮնƬ

ɫѾֱ䣬۷Ȼûһַ棬Լŷʿһһˣֽ졣
ʱ񱩵Ѿ˻ԣʶĴӿеȥߵУһ񱩵ԽԽ


45 ʥ춯
Ͽմֻʣɫ䡣
ҶȻǿȴƷÿͷһһö⣬ʣʮһö⣬ҲǿͷŰʮһոΪ˲ɱַ棬Ѿҧͷû뵽ûнַɱ۵ͬʱҲ˼ѵľ
ɱַ棬϶ҪķѴİҶ⣬ַĳٶȸ޷ס
ɱַ棬ôΪԼ˵Ĵ󻼣ֱܽŷʿתɿܣʱԽʵҲͻԽǿ
ɱǲɱֻԥһ˲
ɱ
һ֣Ҷʮâͬʱʮַնȥ
׵磬갵
һʮͬԵĽâؼԪضŷ˱
һķʮ⣬ķ˰Ҷ֮һδܣǹעһƱҪַնˡ
磬
һŰ˻ɫצѾֱӰڡ
ȻɫצδͷϷȴǽԪ֮γһֻصɫצ·ͬʱƽʥǰαʱŭ
ŭһҹٴһɫצȻһţǵһת֮ѹɷ顣
һͣټ䣬˵ҲѾӦ˹ʮɢȴʮֻӡֱȭָצȲͬƴ˳ͬʱɫצ֮ϣʱһ񱩺
´ʥѾҵδ֪ҵĺʱ򣬻ʱѹŭԴΪءЦ˵
ͬʱʮŷʿҲͬʱͷųԼĹЭ赲࣬˵ԴΪصĻȴ˿뵽˭ڴҡ
ʱʮҶâѾַϣۿѾ赲Ĺһ߲ʹĻȴͻȻַǰ
ˡ
ռһʮ޴Ľâ߲ʹĻ赲¾ȻͣԭأɢԪϢҲǾֹ
ʱ侲ֹ
˶ϳ߲ʹĻͬʱա
˵زռ䣬Ԫ֮Ȼԣȴ޷ѩȻʿҲֻʹԼóʱ츳ôӿռֱַǰͷųʱ侲ֹأ
ѩٶȷɿ죬ȴûиոͷ츳ܺԪҲ˵ʱ侲ֹͷŵġ
Сزַһ̤СزֱӴ͸ʮ⡣
ʮҶâͬʱʱ侲ַֹովĵطն˹ȥԴΪģΧʮ֮ȫʮâе˷顣
ôжַЩ£ҲԾһЩ
ոʮâɨַӵһɽҲҪΪĶԴпܶʱСزͻȻ˹һ¾;Сزܵ˺
Сزһί˵ҵСҪ޳
ַҲӦԼ˵ЩϸεҡҡͷһֻԴѵҪҵǼֱֱȥĽâѣ˲ҡ
㣬ҵģҵļƻʱʱ侲ֹϣҾͿֱӷˡַָķ˵
ʱһҲ˹ٶȱСزĶ࣬ոոûзӦͷСزѾַȥˡ
ˢˢˢ
ʮŷʿѩ򸾽£˫ͬʱԵַ֮䣬š
ϢŭʥϷʱ֮䷢սʵǣʤӮ˫ʵϣȾһ룬
ǣҪԴΪأ̽˴ʥ˵
ԼǣҾʿҲΪ˴ֲλ֣һжΪ˴Уˣȥ㲻˲ǣ
ս뾻ʿڣϣֹܹס򸾵ŭ𡣱ϾЩʵǿһˣҲǽԸ򸾵ҪսΪ˱סǽսǰҲϧΨһźûнַ˳ɱ
ǶַǱַĴڻɼвҲð˺ķɱַˡֻû뵽˵ֶΣȻǲַܽնɱڸַ̾ʵͬʱҲǶɱַˡ
಻ɵӣΪ˴ʥѾһΣ֪ԼҪʲôҲԸΪ˸һЩ֮оԲһٶıݺ
еı֮ԽԽŨѩҲֹ׼ж
һĹؼʱ̣ͻȻ䡯һ졣
ʲôͬʱ̧ͷǱߴ
Ƕʮһʿգոյֵ๥ʱǸ岻֣һֱڿУʱһʱ䷢ڣһ˴Ǵʥʥ֮з
ȻҲԼΪһѷŴʥ֮гȥ
ϵľŷʿ𰸣ȫɫһ䣬һŷʿ𣬶߼Ծʿȵߡ
ˢˢˢ
ʿȫһȥ
ЩһߣʣսȨ߸ǲͣˣһ֣ƾ⼸˸ֵסοлһѩȻɱǿǿȴǼΪǿֱңʵһ˲ֹһ
Ҳߡ缱ٺȵ߼սȨͬʱžʿ
壬ѩַ̡溰סҪȥ˵࣬˵һȺС֮ѣ岻ҪΪǶʥС
ѾչҹˣҵʵȻӲƴҪɱҲǲˣŵùңһƺСزǾȥʥоͺá
ַĵӰѩƽַ˵е
ʵҲף˵˶ΪȡôУ֮䷢ʲôᶼǿģֻƢȽϱ꣬һսʲôܲˣȴѹסԼĵĿ񱩣ΪʥԷ飬ΪԶʧôеĻᣬԼҲԽܡ
ƽѩһۣȻַ˵ʥ߿϶ᣬزز룬һҪעⰲȫһпܴڵı᲻Ҳûϵ
ַ˵ͷѩݸַһ߲Բ飺ʱԪոڴʥ֮ɱõģþŰɡ
ַҲʱѾʱ䣬ԪֻʣһռԪܴԪ裬ʱһԪַʵֽһΡ
ˣǳɣҪ˻ᡣ̧ͷ۾΢΢Ѿоʿӽ˴ʥĴ֮


46 ʬ
ѩǰַǴСزһںҹַӰӵУ·ַһ֡
ʵַıǲϺһƵ˵ģǾӾʿõϢʥ֮вֻӵз紫УвĴдڣСһ˿֮һַһЩټĴҲǿԻõġ
Щ򷨾ʿдãߣһ˿֮ѵãڴʥ֮УȴǼġ
ַгϵͳԴʥߵĴ󲢲̫ԣǺһƵҪٽʵʥĶȴǼΪҪġ
Ӻʥǰ޴ĵаߣʮﳤʱеλѾѿһ϶ȴǲӰѾʥ֮ڡ
Ҳȥ
ո˵һûԥֱӴõŷ֮г˽ȥ
ѩͬʱڣȵ۲ߵŴַ˷ڡ
޴ĵ֮ͨҲǼΪģǧĿռ䣬һȥɽɽƣһ̨ɽ֮ϡɾ
ʱҲ֪˶ȥΧռһƬžַûзɢһһɽȥ
й򶷺ۼ
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ԱѩҲ˵ֻ֮ҵҲ޷̽Уֻ߽ȥһˡ
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ôַ࣬תкһɤӣ˳ľԿܵ߹
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ҹ
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ˣղŵͨһֿռ䴫ͷתɢʥеЩЩƣӦǴһſʼ˿ռ䴫֮Сַϸ䣬ʱȷʵһʱЩѣĸо
ʱַֻΪ֮У޷ͷ֮ԿһֻƶŻеͷĿѣĸоʱӦþڳܿռ䴫ֻֿͣռ䴫ʮƽͣ׸ܵõѡ
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һͷ­϶ͷͷ­סַ֮һ¾ϳͷ­Ϊͷ­֮жףסɫճҺͷ֮µ䡣
ӵ˳ֱַͷ­΢΢¶һ԰׵ƤַֻԺ˵һ£һΪͷ©׾Ȼһ˵ģ
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ַ̧һִءһǸͷ­ϣͷϵĳϣʱ¶һס
Ȼַг˶ĵĸо
Ѿ֪ǰⶫʲôϴͦ޽˵һʬƣ΢ɼȫʬ棬ǰʬѾһĳ̶ˣΪַĿԲǼʲôʬ壬ı塣
һͷ­ͷϣֻ۾͵ַ˻һȻͿĿһɫҺ塣
ַ治ҽӴһٹҹʩչСΧĶܹȥͬʱ˫ֿʼӴηʨӡ
ۣۣۣ
ͷ­ɫҺ壬һЩͨˮȻҲ֪ЩɫҺ϶޴Ҳһξٲ
ʱַڵ֮⣬ѩһСزҲ⵽Ϯ
һȺû͸¶ѪɫԳ϶żŮӷҲһͷͷ򶼸һͺա
һ׷ѰĴʥڿʬŸС


47 Ԫ
ַ˫ȦһƣƽȵǰƳʱ䣬һ޴Ľɫʨ˳һ½ǰʬѹ¡
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һαըǳǿʬƵ嶼ʧˣȫˡ
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ߵǰʬĵط¿ȥֵѷ֮һԲεͨһˮ·һ㡣ʬַ֮ͨȥطǸոֻʬƵĳѨһλһԲεĶڣӦƽʱߵͨ
ʥоȻʬƣҲʲôʥ֮ءַü
ûͣһɽٶȷɿڴ֮ߡ
Ҳ֪ж󣬵ַԼ߹ĵطѾ߿ĴǴ֮пռ䷨ĻôԼܿѾһط
ôʱ䡣ַҲû࣬˼οԻĶ
ʬơҲһЩһЩԪؿܣȺӵַΧַ

һַ߳߹ľڲӳͻȻǰгһɫ⣬ವһ»Ͽգʧ
ַһ׷˹ȥһɽٶҲ׷߲׷ϡ
һźɫʯŸԼ׵ĴٷУַһ̤棬˫һͣ
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ЩַһܡŷΧľɫ˼ı仯
ԭտļ߾Ĵ֮У֪ʱŸߴʯÿһʯϱ߶ĵܡ
Щͷܵʮֱ棬ÿһòҲͬǻŭЦƽ˷ܣŮ׵ͷдڡ
ǣЩͷÿһû۾ģʧȥ˻ǡһ¾ͽЩĵܴԭΡ
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ַվڴڣԿЩͷҲʯ˵λϡһЩλϣһЩĻ档
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죬Ĺ졣
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ôţַͿǸͷͻȻգһ۾Ȼ仯üΪʹӣͬʱء
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ۡ
ŹֵĽͷ֮дַĸܵͷеĿ־顣
һַһקžһͷ󷽵ʯΡ
ͷʧȥʯӣϱַ涪ȥغ󷢳һ죬һʯͷҳ˷顣

ͷ񱻳ʯ˼ѪҪʯȥַ棬ٴηһѽʯץУ
һһֻʬƱ˳
ԭֻʬֱӽѨʯУǸͷʵһʬͷ­
ַ淴һ˫ֺϳηʨӡһͽޡ
ոյ̫죬ַһֻ񾭽״̬ʱһɣǾЩƣˣԶԼǰߺһ޴ĵáԥһַ滹Ǿǰȥ
Լڲ֪ʲôطһȻѩַʼջǲ̫ģ뾡취߳ȥС
㲻ٹۿΧͷʯ̣һֱʩչһɽǰĵ֮С
ꡯﾹȻѾ뿪˴
ַǰһصľɽߴУֻ֮ܿµĲ֡ʱɽһɫѷ죬²֪ʮ׵ĺɫѷ֮Уİɫ绡ΧƳ۾ģһ
ռ侫顣ַ̲סѿڵ
ԪУַֻһöռԪֻҪɱֻռ侫飬ַʵһأַʵȴǸȥƿռ侫飬Щάȵĸо
ʱռ侫ûзֵַ棬žɽнţʯмڿռ˺»Ϊ촷ۣȻʧռ侫龹ȻҪֱӴ͸ɽĸСЩǿռ侫ƻɽ
ַɻռ侫Ҫʲôʱ򣬾ɽ֮ͻȻҲǷһ񱩵
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ȻԪؾУǿҿûж󣬵ʵΪԪؾ̫޴ԭҵʵʴСʵȫȵһͨĸɽôֱ˿ռѷ֮ڣǿĿռ˺һʱҲ޷ٽ
ء
һռ侫ڵĿռѷ챻ʮԶʱɫҲǱ˷飬ʧ
ַԿĿɿڴԭ⾹ڴսͬʥ֮Ŀռ侫߳ԼǰԪڵľ顣
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ΪԪؾ鷢ӳսʮֿ£һһɽռ侫ǰ˼ζ˲ҷɳȥ
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ûɽ֧֣Ԫؾ׻֡ι֮㱻ռ侫˴塣
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أأأ
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ৡ
ַһѽԪؾսǬ
ֻռ侫ƴҲҪɱֻԪؾ顣ӦþΪöԵԪпɵöԪʵظкַܴҪɱһȻҪĺ·ס
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ʬܡ
пΡ
ηʨӡ
ַһ˲佫ԼͷŵĹȫͷ˳ȥ
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ַΪֹǿһιЧҲǺܿ͹۵ġ
൱ʿʵĿռ侫鱻һֱҵĿҪɢѣȻΪ֮ǰԪؾƴʵϵ˲ٵĹϵǲɷϣַһҲ޽ӽʿһ˺
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أأأ
ռѷ첻ϵСҪ嵽ַǰַĹȻûԪؾǿȴҪ־õĶ࣬һ˽СʱַҲ֪Լͷ˶ٴηʨӡռ侫Ѿתʼ룬ȴʼ޷ַһɽ档
ַ˿ƣֻռѷڲϵСֱСǧ״Сʱ򣬱һηʨӡ׺顣

ռĽɢһռѷ˺ſռ䣬ռ侫ڱַɱˡ
һöɫ·ŵ绡һԲʶڿлţַмһֱֽ֣С
ΡռĴ漣ԪɣԪһǷȡ
ڴˡֳַϵͳռ䣬ѡȡ
һʵת̵ķ˳ֱַռ֮С
һַֻ̣Լռ䱻һ³ſˣĵֱӷĸֱӽԼռŴʮͬʱռҲǷ˾޴ı仯
ԵľǣַоԼռʵˣǰȫƾ֮ĸӦڣڵռУַ꣬츳ԼоԪ͸ʬ֮۶ʵ̬С
ԪصصǿںϣΪܻԪأԪص硣ԪԪĸΪȹ̵ԪءַԪһӣôԪؾǵػͷ幹ܣԪǰװڵ֡
ûеػǼܵķǴģҵںԪһӾͼʵ֪ܹʲô̶ȡַЦһʮϣٴγһĶ֣һԼȫ


48 򴫳
ַôţΧͻȻһضɽҡ
ַĴ¡¡ı鵹һֻ׵ԴӴλڿնһ۾Ϳվַ档
塣ַ澪ϲ˹ȥ
Ҳǿַ߷ַ棬Сѩأ
ַҡͷѩӦûн
ַ潫ԼߵȺིһ飬ͬʱҲԼڴڵľ˵˳
Ҳһ֮أֻеһռ䷨ǱȽϵͼĶֱӽȡбˡ
ô˵ţѾȡһռ䷨
ȫĿռ䷨򣬲Ƿֻ֮Ҫںϳɹ͵ֱƿһַ
ַѾƿз귨򣬻ʱ䣬ռ䣬Լַܽ׾ŷڣҲģֱӽռ䷨͸ַ档
Ǵ֮סַܿͽռ䷨ںϡ
ʱһߣԭԼĴſڴһЩ򶷵ĺۼѩȴʧˣ֪ȥ
ַеǡҹӦҲڴ֮Уʱ̮ȴûгַ֣в뵽᲻ǳʲô⡣
ַܿ춯ȥֻһѣʥ޴ޱߣҪҵѩ죬ѩʵһЩӦû˵ǵġ
˲Ѱҡֱʥȥ
ַ棬Щ֮еĴж˵ѾûʲôˣҪֱȥĵطȥѰҷ紫УԼСġô˵
ַͷԼһ˸ոսʥ㷢˱ʣԱɢ֮ԭļƻҲǳΨһҲᷨ紫еĿꡣַﲻæֻһȥ
һʥĿĵߣַ淢һϸڣǾÿдĽǲһģмѾ̮Ӧȡ˴Сֱлˡ
ַһһҹһɽ£Ѿ൱Ŀֲˣһһҹַ澹Ȼһ˶ûǸָ﷢ֹȺַսֱһ̤Զȥ
ͣΣһдַ濴Ľɫĵſ̻ϸһȻĸо
һдַܿȻΣֱӽ֮ڡ
ʵ΢ַ鲻࣬Եַ֮ҪͻƵŷڡ
ͬʱϵͳҲɴе񣬲ʱַ滹Ϊʥֻ֮з紫һִУû̫ģʱпһо
ʱһ似Լʵ϶
߽ȴûһĿռ䴫ͷ󣬵ַȴоܵһǣҪԼ塣
ַԭʱǿֱӳȡڵ֮Ȼ֮ҲĴڡ
ַǣܵǣҪԼʱԪȴԶˣˡһ½ǹƳַ⣬ַɧҲٴλָ
Ԫá˵оԪǰַӳԪôԪΪַػ󷽵á
ҲƾԪȥժȡԪַ뵽ϴΪȡԪɵԪִַԪ⣬Ͼһ츳ߣЩдá

ַһ̤˲ʬ⣬ȫֶַ˷ĩ
ڣڡ
һ仨̬޸޾ڰգΧܴһеԽǽӽͻʧԽ졣
ΪԪãֶַΣֱһץס֮һ󣬡ߴһһöԪ
ʧȥԪʱήңַȴǲЩֱһ̤ȥ
ԪĴ֮ҪôҪе򡣡ַĻѼöԪ֮ڿʼŴĲλȥ
СĽΪǴǴϵͳзַ涼ȷ֪ҪôУҪͨ顣
֪ʲôʽĿ飡ַţ֪Ѿ˴λá
һͨ쳹׵ķ·һַǰʮ޴ʯΧһȦȦмַҪõĴС
ʮʯ֮以һɫĤַֻҪһ̤뱡Ĥ֮УϿп顣
ȻѾ˵أûɲȥַ治ԥˣûͣģֱһ̤˽ɫĤ֮ڡ
ˡ
ɫĤϷһַע֮£һɫģӰԼǰ
Ƿ֮۶ɵļ൱ھһĴڡȻ黹ҪսַһۿǰģӰıʣھ鲻ͬģӰΪӦԼ࣬ǽӽŷڵĵز
ɱַȹֱӰǰ
ͬΪַԼѹ֣ǰģӰҲ⡣
ȻַеԾǣģӰֻһ֣϶ʱһô׳Ȼֻʮ׸ߣȴǸһرǿ׳ĸо
ûǿ׳Ϊôܿʹӵ°γĸһȣһһַ
дֱֻ֦ۣһֻұ̧𣬵סֵַһһֱֱֻһȭַȥ
䣡
һȭõ涼һ
ַʩչٹҹУСΧתŲ˵ĹǸģӰȴֻֽˣһַΧ˹
ַ۾һ̤ѾģӰߣͬʱηʨӡƳصһֻһ¾ͽԷҳ˷顣
ɫĹɢַʱ䣬ٴξۺϳһģӰӡַոյһȻû˿á
ǱˣԼһȻûжԶԷκ˺϶йַȴͬǣģӰ޷ɱĻôһشеĿ鵽ʲô
ܿ죬ˣΪģӰٴ۳ɹͬʱַҲӦһ˿ʾ
뽫һ̶ȲܻôУַѾ뵽ͨҪ
ȷʵһִУȻҪʺܱȽϺʣַ棬ƿߣӽ̹ڿʼһֱ֮ʹãô귨ʱ򣬿϶Ҫ׵Ķ࣬ƿطʱҲӵӦ֣
ԣ˵ǰһִп飬˵һѡκʴߵá
ַȻһϲַͨԪ󣬸ոһ˿ʾʵԪȡĽ


49 ߼ں
һӰӴλ÷ɳն
ַɨһܣһû뵽ֻͨһδжѣͺķʱ䣬ôഫдûȫ̽ˡ
һȥ߼ʵĿռУǧټƵĴÿһ֮жǸոִַͨп飬ȷʵ̽ȫ
ϾַʵѾȾŷڣν봫ʥУѩ֮⣬ΪҲǾŷڶѡ
򴫳УַķѾﵽֻ֣ʣһʱ䷨ɾŷڵĽףַ޲Ѱҵʱ䷨Ĵдȥһ
»һȴǸΪȡ
ַ浱һһδ֮ԼҲѾʾɣһ似ȡȡһɽηʨӡǿ似ַѾԼĳȡڴ
ºֳַϵͳռ䣬ϱʾֱѡ׼ȡ
תϵͼһ仯һֳȡؼཱͼѾ֡
ַһɨͼ꣬ͬʱĬ˦ȭѿצͨؼںϽؼںϽ߼ؼںϽ
߼ؼںϽַ濴һͼʱͣرϸۿһͼ꣬Ȼϱûʲôܣַ濴ĳ߼ؼںϽͼȷؼںϽͼһӡ
ͨؼںϽǷؼںϽͼ궼ӷֿмһӡǸ߼ؼںϽͼȴӲһͬһ
ֻǴͼ߼ؼںϽܿһοԽ似ںһ
ַһȡϵͳת̿ʼת
Ӻתͣ£ûгַϣָȻָ˸߼ؼںϽϡ
Ρ˸߼ؼںϽǷʼںϣ
Ȼַ氵ںϡ
ѡؼϵͳԶΪںϳһµ
ûѡһ似ٲٹҹСһɽ֮⣬似ҪַҲֻѡںϡ
ںʱַܳȴʮӡȵںϡ
ؼںϣؼΪ
һɽַڴſʱȥֱ֣һɽ֡
ΣϣǷȡؼ
ȡ
䣬һ׹ַԺʱ䣬һɰϢʼַԺӿ롣

ַԺƿХһδϢʵ̫ˡ
ԽַԽǸˣΪ˵似ҲᳬԼ
СʱĴַӼž˫ۣ޷εľϲ
ֻǳ磬ȴһɽҪö࣬ҽ˰ٹҹкٲƮ죬ܻսʮǿ
ַ˼µһɽʮֺá
ಣಣಣ
Ӱշɹͷ׷һˡ
·һɡУһĿɷһ
һǴüĿĶ࣬һֱƽ͵ĸƬﲻ֪üĿĺвɱ˲գۡ
ոԼһһп飬һ򣬻ûü⵽е͵ϮйԼԼ˹ȥйǱһӦĻᶼûС
ֻһͷȻǾŷڣҲˣԼеġ
תܣֻû뵽ٶҲǷɿ죬Լ侹ԼĿռ츳ٶȻҪһ˿
߾ʶ̧٣ҹ
ۼ˿ͣͻȻһͻȻðһʵʵĽ⣬һȭ

ŷĺХһɫȭâһӽ
ۿɫȭâѾԼǧףͻȻͷһռ䷨ڽɫȭâǰռһɫȭâϱͻȻʧ٣ͻأĳ˶еǰ˹ȥ
ȡиϽִһȭԼոմĽɫȭ顣
ռ츳鷳СӱıûСӣѾ׷ҹȱץסҪҲɡҧгݵ˵
ΪҪһЩҲһЩ˶˿ռ䷨ģµط似ٶȼ졣Ҳ׷
ʱ˼ľԽԽҲЩ˷ƵԽԽ죬Կռ䷨תƹٶȱࡣ
ͷηȭ
һȭһ֮ľѾСһĳ̶ȣҪأҲЩˡ
ʱͻȻº֮һӰ
ţˢˢˢˢӰԽԽ࣬˲ɢܱߵĿռ䡣
ַ档ӰģͻȻϲĽ˳
Ӱɢֻʣַм䣬˿ûںеĴڣǰֵ֣þò
ַ棬ַܵɢķϢг𾪣㾹ȻôͽˣѾ˰ַϾҪ̤ŷڣ
ַЦŵͷѡ
ҡͷЦͿַǱˣû뵽ǱȻûƿģַĽٶʵ̫ˣ̶꣬ȻѾԶԶĳԼʱгҵľŨŨĽ뼵ʡ
ַ浱ȻʵԼֽٶȣֻҪǸˣͿ϶ʣֻЩֻＵʣЩǻɼתΪޡ־ҪԼΪɳǣȶɱԼģַҲһ뾡취ɱ
ַ棿ͬʱһ
ûַ潻ֹһʱ˵ַ飬رǰ͵Ϯʿʱ̸ַ飬òڵַѾӲˡ
ߣԶﴫˡһ˼ָֻ֮˵
Ͼʵ̫ǿˣԼսһǿߣ˵ַԶԿŷڵ˵жпţҪ˵ַԵֵĹ˲˼Ҳǲŵġ
ʱ˶սԭأҲΪַĳֶͣס˽Ųдʱƽַжǿϲǰ
һδŷڵСѣһַһַ򣬺һ𣬾ַҲҪη塣
ɱ
ȳ֣ȭȾ˽ɫһȭǿȭһ±
ͬʱҲƳһƣȭ֮󣬽ȥ
ʱַ֮ľѾСʮ֮ڣһȭ˲͵ǰʱַ滹û˿Ӧ
Сġһ̧֣Ҫͷſռתơ
ȻַȴǵЦֹСѣᡣ
ͬʱͷŶһŷھĸʬҲͬʱͷ˳
񱩵
ʥ
ֻºУҲ𾪵ɸΪַͷųŷڸʬܣʶĿʥ
أ䣡
һȭһƺݺڿ񱩵ǰľ޴ϣ˵ȫһھŷڵĿ񱩵ǰһҲ޷ӡ
ӡ
дʱҲڱָոƽıˣ澪֣һˡ
иҷֱתܡ
ܣַЦһ񱩵еľ޴Ѿ׼һˡ
ಣಣ
е룬һ±ڴ˷飬ϰȴȱ΢ܹһЩֻܵನĹҲʮ߰˸ȹǡ
ʦ־ҡд󺺣Ϊ񱩵Ѿٴ׼Լķ
ʦܣѱɣἺΪˣס񱩵ʦʦ޳ȻΪ𡣡н²ͣȴ
˭֪ಡһο񱩵ĹûдУٴķ

д󾪣ȫһֻٶȴԼ߷ɹҪϲԷûдеʱȴѾԶһĻȣٴη˻

䣡
һȸղŻҪǿֱӽаӶը˷顣
һеĶ־ô赭дı񱩵ʬشû˿֮
ȷʵŷڱϾǾŷڣҿ񱩵Ѿھŷڵľ˺Զķѳ֣ʵǿҪҲַΪϵͳļ似̫ǿһڵΪսʤһڵʿ˵񱩵ӲǸһո̤ŷڵʿսҲǼûлʤĿܡ
ҪʲôҪɱɱ뽫ҵɿܡкйĺȵ
һдĲϲ˵ʱӲҧַ档
ǷģҪҵĿܣҲʸ֮һҪǵ壬Ҫǵַ浭˵ô䣬ͻȻ˫֣һһϡ


50 ŷ
ַһͺȣԪѸٰջķʽʼתһڴ˫ºйͨѸٵĽǣɡ

һɹǿڴַ嵱УַֻԼڷӣܿٴͻһޡ
ΪʵǵνףûһʹñȫԼսǵȾʿҪǿࡣ
ַʱûڵоٵֵʿǶʮͨսԪ˧
ʮ룬ַŸоڵʼӽݽߡ
ɿֱַֺһһƣ˸ɱΪ˵ѾոɾǵĹֶȫҪ֧֣ʱѾá
Ա߿ˣַʵ̫ǿ󣬾񱩵˿ܣӲҲӦġԼոջЩС
ַ棬лл㡣ЩţϾַѾǽǿ˵ѾԸԼ۽ĻԼӦʶԶһ¡
ȻַȴǿľнЦ̸˶Էǡ
ֲؿٽʱھΰҶûилءַЦ˵ֽ֪ҪȥһѰҴзϣ֮ҲиӦ
ףԼַ֮༫ַô˵ȫڰԼܹ׾ŷڶջ̫ˣַʱ
˵ãǾ鷳ˡ֮ǰҾӦںȻȡǰոմӴдðõĴз
ʱ䷨򣿡ַ澪ϲ
ûЦҿѾ˰ַΨȱʱ䷨򣬶øոջַ򣬸ںϺֱӽ׾ŷڡȥ̽дҲбϡ
ַ˵ֽ˵ҸոҲΪʱ䷨׷ɱҵģҪû㣬ڿѾϣʱ䷨ҲͳǵģԡɱǣѾǾһʱ䷨ȴӦøġ
ַֽӹʱ䷨ȴ˵ûʲôӦòӦõģȴֻһַ򡣾ںϺˣÿִз򲢲ΨһġǵʱȥѰұǡ
˵ͷҲ˼ַʵٴߣɻӿ̽дĽȣ͵ԼĽٶҲ֮ӿ죬һ㣬ûгԿ
ַΪģҪ봫ʥģ֮ǰ뵽Ƚ׾ŷڣȻΪһƣСزҹȫ׼һ鴫з˶ǿٽŷڣԱԱ֮ġֻٶһ˶ѡ
ʱ䷨ֱַ֣ӿʼںϡΪǴ֮ַԪĴڣʱ䷨ַ֮иûзʲôֿ㱻ֱ˽ȥ
ֱȫգַͻȻоԼռ䷢䡣
תԼռͻȻ֮һ飬ַһصķʽһ𣬸ӵιǿˡ
䣡
һףַͻȻ͸оԼ귨ҲǷʱ䣬зĳ£ԵøӴ񵤺еʱһ㡣
ַ棬ôɹˣѾоַĲͬȴ̲ס˳
ַ˵ͷһ϶Ĵ𰸡ллĻҾͲ˵ˣͿҵİɡ
˵ͷͿִַ̧һԼΧȻһ̤ˢһ³ڰ֮⡣
ǣַٶ̫ˣĿռ䷨Ҫ࣬ʩչԼҪתԪ츳ֻһ̤Ч
ַЦЦ˵һ似ռ䷨νףٶȵ˲١
ŵͷʾ⡣似ͷţȷʵҪ츳ݡ
ַ˵ôһ䣬ֱ̧ȸ·ͬʱһ˿֮ȴǽϵͳռС
ΪϵͳճУÿһΣԻؼںϽһݣַڵһں似Ļᡣ
ϵͳʾϵĽɫֱַ֣ӺȡؼںϽ
Σѡͬ似Ϊ似ںϣϵͳԶΪںϳһµ似
似ַڿ˼
ʱŷ֣ԼκΣԼȻҲѾûж似ںˡΪַӵе似ȫں似ĸں似Уÿһǲͬ͵ġ
֣һɽηʨӡ似ֱǹ֮ڹķԼ似⡭ַЦһֻҷ似ںϡ
ʱַѾǰһԪصĴд
û˿ԥֱַһȥ
ִдһЩַͬһۿдſڿ̻ϱʾԪصĺۼ
߽֮УȻӭһŨҵĻԪϢ
ַѾﵽŷڣͨĻԪѾƿأܵ˺ͷų򣬽С
ַٶȷɿ죬һŴдλóȥ;ʲôһһԽܿ쵽˴ĵλá
ͬһȦʯͬĤΨһͬǣߵԪӰ˻ɫ
һξַ˿ĽɫӰĥͬʱȡеĴз򡣴ַ֮ѰҴдջһз̲һСʱ
̫ˡвðôһ뷨뵽Լʱƴ֮µõһзٿַ赭дҲǵõһз͸Լַ֮Ĳˡ
ջһзֱַӽ䶪ںϣԼٴδһһȥ
ַѼзʱѩСزһƣҹıȴ˴鷳
һʮһں;ŷڵʿǰĿһɱѩһǲСز
磬ΧǸʲôѾʥȥˣ˷ʱ䣬Сĵ󷨽紫оûǵķˡѩƽ˵֮ȴǳ˽䱸
ѩ뵽ԼԴӽֵսŴ룬ԾɶԴʥڵ٣ֻǾһдʧˣȴܹϵҵԼͬ顣
ս뾻ʿȻٴϴβͬǵ׼ӳ֣ʮ֮УѾжʮ˴ﵽ˾ŷڣʣʮҲǴﵽ巨ĵز
ѩΪƾѰҾܹҵʥĵλ𣿡Ц㣬ѩ඼ڣǲ࣬еһ㣬ȽɱΪǵĴڣֻҪַ磬Ǳض޷ɹԣӸտʼʱǾûһ̽ʥǣֻΪɱػʥľѡ


51 
ЩЦΪԼ˵ıóѶѩࡣǣѩıȴǺƽԤϵһ㡣
ʵս˼ѩֻ֪ΪҪĶǲò
ʥĵѰȴ඼ûԤϵģΪ֮ǰӶȡһŷʿļ䣬ϧвûѰʥĵ·
ѩĵЩ׼ϸǶʮŷʿʮһʿһֻΧɱһѩôҲӦûʧܡںһƵˣս
ɱһȣ׵壬ָ罣ǰȥ
˸һʱֹ
в¾ʿ˵Ĺƻ󣬽ѩ൱ȡеϰʱͬ飬ҲǸԷųԼͨһʱ䣬տնֿ񱩵ˡ
ʱϡ
ѩ˫һ֮ܰȫһ߲ʹΧйϱߣȫʧ١
ʱ䷨֮ԱΪǿûеģٹʱһ֡ѾʹԼڲ֮ء
κμھԵ֮ǰǴģʮ򷨾ʿرжʮǴﵽ˾ŷڵʵǵĹԳһʿĵֿޡ
ʱ䷨תƵǵĹʹùӳٵ֪೤ʱ֮٣ôŷڵʿҲǿ΢ʱٵģȻǲѩʱ츳ߣô˼ʱٵӰҲǺܿɹ۵ġ

ʮɫâѩʱϵСѩʱеһѹʱϱԷʱ䷨˲ʱѾҡҡ׹ոתƵʮӺٵĹۿҪѶˡ
ززѩһ
Сز׹ѩ˼ͬʱԼʱ侲ֹѾųѩʱϵһ
ʱ侲ֹάһƬʱ٣ʱ侲ֹڼڣƪڵκﶼᷢ仯
Сزʱ侲ֹԸͨԪ˧ܹĿơѩʱϣɵЧһ붼ʱȴ㹻ѩӦġ
˲ȡ˶ʱϵĿƣСزʱ侲ֹԼļͬ˵Ĺһ̶ȻͻȻһ͵һĳ
䣡
һѩĿռ䱻һ󶴡
ʱճ涴̲ס˳
ѩȻһ˲ʹһʱճ涴Ȼ涴Բ̫ȶǶѩʱƿ˵̶ȵĳ涴Ѿ㹻ͨˡ
һǵʱѩΪ˰ַٻص̫ձݡ˺򴩹ռ涴ֻʱΪ̫ԶΪַ˿ͨУıȽȹ̣ˣҲ˼ʱſס涴
涴ֲܴڣߵʱûȫֹǱϾҲһС͵ĳ涴һ룬ҲľȥҪ׷ȥȴˡ
ߡ
ѩһкͬʱһ߲ʹâһƺСزһ涴֮ڣҹǰѩѺһ߲ʱĤ˽˳涴֮С
ʱһ룬ɲ֮䣬ѩѾʧ١
ʱƿߵһǿ֮츳ﵽڣҲ˲򴩳涴Ϊʱճ涴Ҫһǿеʱ䣬ʹ侲ֹѩΪʱƿߣ˲򴩳涴ҿһ߽涴һ߹̶ߵʱ٣Ŀ˲涴ĵز
ȥ
ۿʱ侲ֹʱʧѩ򴩵ʱ涴ѾС׵ֱ̲ס˽ȥ
ಡѡ
ʮŷʿȫתʮ־ͨʱ䷨򣬵Ƚ涴
ŵһһڵʿҲҪȥϷŸոս룬ͷһҽУȻ涴˱㿴һڵʿͻȻϸС飬һڲϵķֽ⣬һνˮһ㣬ܿɢ촷ۡ
⡭涴һʿǶʱͣסˡ
Լ߱ƿʱ䷨Уܱܿвɵʱɷ飬ͬʱƬ֮С
ַգʱǰͷϣһʮصķڵĿռʮֵĻңͺռһЩۻҵĸо
ѵʥģַ濴ǰĿռ䣬Щȷʵ
ԱߣҲҡͷ˵ʥĵһУû͸¶أ㲻ʥģҲӦرá
ַҲôΪʮַڿʼļѼ鴫зһʱҲǴﵽ˾ŷڣʣΪһƣСزҹ׼
ʮ죬ַ漸ͣڱ任ŷλѰңȴʼûһƵ˵ӰӡΡ
ʱһ֮ͫͺˡַ뵽
ѩ֮ͫѾľһν봫дʱȴΪַ࣬ҲЩæû뵽Ҫһ֮ͫҪҵѩǾͲôˡ
ϣǲҪ¡ַЩ˵ΪȴЩܰġ
ַ棬ǷȥѯʵǰϷĿռ˵ǼΣյĵطǶֿռ츳˵ҲĪĻ
ַ˼Ƿ뿴ʱͻȻеʮʱһ󲨶Ƭʱձһ㡣
ţ涴ַһ¾͸Ӧʱձʲô
ó涴и·ַһһϲΪҲףܹó涴·ˣ˴ľŷʿ֮⣬ֻдﵽŷ֮ʱ츳ߡ
ѩþǳŷڵΨһʱ츳ߡ
ַĲ²⻹ûнѾӦĹϤϢӳ涴зٴڳ
ѩǣַ澪ϲһѾų涴ڵķλжȥ
ѩ̡
һַ߳Ѿѩǰ
ʱѩҪһ涴䲻ַͻȻ̧֣־һʱ䷨ַģųһҪַϵʱ䷨ջء
ַ档
ַ档
ѩͺһƵ˶Ǿϲĺ
ַ棬ŷˣѩһۿַʱΪû뵽̶һ£ַ澹Ȼٴνס
ַ˵ͷɫȴΪѾѩ˵ɫЩԣܽš
ѩ̣ǣַʵ
ѩתĳ涴ͷһʱ٣Żعͷ׷ɱ˵һ顣
ԭһµʱ䣬ѩСزһֱΪźһƵˣѩ̫ڳ涴ڴУһֱܳװˡʱ˻׷ںߣȻʱٽǴг涴ٶȣǺܿͻὫʱ


52 
һֱǰ취Ҫĥɱǵ˲Сַͷ˼
ѩҲ˵ͷ֮ǰһֱԼһ˴źһƵܣûа취عͷȥƶԷԷӲƴһ¶ңΪһԷסԼû£ѱһƵ˻᲻ܵ˺
Щ˵һĿɱԼڶĿץסСزһֿ룬϶˷ֿȥ׷Сز
˵ѩҪַƶѻеʱַʮͻȻһҵĿռ䲨
ţַ͵תͷԼʱķ
һʮر򣬿Ŀռݺҵĵһ𣬾龵ƬÿһƬ֮жʾһĻ档
ѩַӦΪһ˲ҲǷǴڵĲͬһȣҪʱͻȻĿռ䡮䡯һٴαһ涴
һҵԪĽʮ̬ͬĹӳ涴ڴַ汾ǰ͵Ϯȴѩ˻ûзô๥ܹȥҲضʮǱ
ززЩ뿪Ǳ߶ԶһЩѩعͷʮ侲ָһ򺰵Һַѻǡǰﲻæ
ַҲǵͷһ֣鴫зУֱֵһƵУǴзںϵȽ׾ŷæȥ
ʱæƶʲôսַֻúһƵ뿪Ȼ׼Ӧ䡣
ʱһﶼ£һƣСزҹ˱вٻҪַ˵Ҳַ沢սǶףʱһԲĿЩ뿪Ƕַѩİֻǵ˵ͷȻ㾡ȫԶȥ
ɲ֮󣬳涴ڴԪ籩ƽ
ಡ
ʮŷʿ̴ӳ涴зɳһۿվǰѩַ档
ѩôˣΪһַ棬ܶԿ𣿡緢Цʮһŷʿ棬ֻҪСһЩѩضܲˡ
սĸ֣˵֮䣬Ѿڲɫƶλãһ仰˵꣬ѩַѾΧ
ףȻ׾ŷˣ翴ַʱ۽̲סС
ʶַҲͬһ
ַʵ֮в˶ʶһڵʱӲʱ׾ŷڣʵ϶ҲֵܹһʿҲһ
ѩȻǿԸϻȱݣ̣ɱֶβַ࣬棬Ȼֻоŷڣɱ¾ֶμ಻˵Ϊ˻ĺѶԸһ˲䣬Ѿѡ΢΢һʿ֣쾻ֵΧɱŷڵСһҺʱסѩɱԷһΡ
ܵľʿϵİ֣ʶַ棬Ǿʿȴַ֪ڳǺüƽϣҿͷޣһŷڵСһͽȥɱˡ
֮λãüͷ΢΢𣬶Լһ˲Լͷʮֲû뵽Ϊַʵ̫ǿη֮ģΪֻϲƽ϶ѣǿƵ˵ƳȻˣҪϣҿ鲢û֣ҪΪһЩС¶Ǿʿ档
˵һ֣ȵʿһϡ
ಣಣಣ
ʮʿͬʱɳÿڷɳͬʱһַͨ
һ˶һ籣ֱӺַѩ֮䣬һ±ǵǧ׸ߣһ¾޴ޱȵĳǽ˷뿪
һҲǳûϣѩ˹ȥֹ˷ѹơ
ַСģԼѩôһ䣬ӭȥ
һ˶԰ˣȻԾЩƴЩ˵Ļѩɱ˵ġ
սɲǼŷһʱΪ֮ɫֹ˺ſռ䣬ſռеһЩԪء
ѩһ֮ԿȰȻռϷ磬ΪֻǽƻǣƣӲƴҪʱشɱԷһ˶ʮѵġ
ַߣսȴǸӼҵĶࡣ
ַ߼ں֮Ѿֻǿ죬ҹʱԲʮڣַӰ·һϢڸλ֮תٶȾѩǿռ츳޷󼰡
Ǭ
һʿ̲סˣ˫һ˫һɳıһһ£ܿڱʮڵ档
ַһ̤Ҫ˫ȥ˭֪˫֮侹һε˿ռ䣬Լǿѳĳȥ
ηʨӡ
ַ˫һϣһƣһͷǧ׳ĽɫʨӷŴг˳ȥ
׾ŷں󣬲ηʨӡĹ࣬ͷʱҲС˲ܷͷ޴ĻƽʨӺһײ˫ϣӳ޴һ¾ͽըķֿ
ַûһ̤ηʨӡķ϶֮дȳ˫ʿǰָһһա
ǱǱ
ֱӽʿͷ˷顣
ʿ˫Ӧھʿʮģͷų˫ʱ˶ֹͣ˹ʮεַ棬ʱַѳ˵϶ǲŵɫ
һĹַٴεõʵĻᡣһѾ̱ľʿȡУŻת
һֻһʱ䣬ʿɸɾ
ַ׾ŷںҲǵõ˼ǿˡ
ʬ֮۷̸ַֽľʿɱʹΪԼĸʬ֮һͬʱʣļʬҲ˳һΧ
ôܣһµͷ֮𾪵ĺ
ǵһμʶôаȻ˲佫תΪԼĿܡַߵļʬܣȻ󲿷ֶԼʶˡ
ʬ֮۵Ĵ˾ʿһʼʶַǼҲзϾЩڸո֮ǰԼһ𲢼սʱһգ۵ʱѾΪ˶ԷĿܣָо˾̹
η壬Щ˸Ǻܿɾַ湥ǰһʱɱˣȫԻ͸ʬ֮ȺӶתɿܡ
ͨŷʿ磬쵰к޺޵뵽ʱԼˡ
ʱѾﻢ£ۿߵͬһȴ죬вߵ뷨
Ȼ뷨ո𣬻ûижԶͻȻһ¡¡ľ޴죬һҵǿʮⷢ˲䴩Խռ䣬ٵǰ


53 ɱ
ݵ𺳣ͬҲǿҵǿ˲併˵ϣ˶׵ıԭأ˼άһ˲ͣ͡
ˣ
һ𣬰׹ʧ٣ֱʱ˲ŷӦղŷʲô
ʱսѩģΪΪߣʱ츳ڸոյʱս֮УҲΨһһûȫʧȥ֪ˡ
ҲֻǱһ˿֪ѣҪû˷Ҳǲ̫ܵģΪǹʱս֮ʵ̫ǿˡ
ʱʿһҲ˷ӳ˹˽͵ոշʱսƽʿӵеǺܿѾʥģ紫򡣡
ʥģ紫
ж˱Ĺʣ˵ĿľΪ˻÷紫Уһӵз磬ǵʵ˲ӷʵı仯пֱԽڶ׵ƽڡ
ʱսǴǱߴģѾһǿЩȥܱͱַɱˣ뵽Ҫ룬ʱ˽ڣһʱսķȥ
ʿҲͬʱȥһþַ档ͷ¡
ַ棬Ҳȥѩ˻ڶԳ֮Сַʵ
¾ʿһԵֱ룬˺ߣɱǵʱں󷽷Ϊ紫ĵطȴһѩԾˡ
ɱˣȥᷨ紫СֱַӸ˴𰸡
ηʨӡȻ˴ȥͬʱַ洫ѩѩ̡紫вô׵õģرǻҪʱ̷ű͵ϮƽʣֱȰһЩʱᷨ紫Ҳܸרġ
ѩֻǹķ紫УԲԥһ˲ʱַķҲǰʼ
ַ棬ѩڷ紫г֣Ǹͬ۹õʱ򣬲ʱ¶Թ˷紫˵򱻾ʿǵȥ˴Уξǰˡ
ȷϢȻַѩûԹԵĹš
һͷͷƽʨڿ˻ѩʱ䷨򡣷ӳ޴һգۼͽشһֱֻۡ
硣ˣսȨ߶ǽп಻
ʵǰ˱ʮʿҲҪֻ߲ͣǾĻѩһ·δܹӵôףΪһգҪѩͬʱҪĥʿʵԲһֱŴ󲿷ֵĵûʹ
ǴʱʿͻȻߣѩַ˲ȥѰҷ紫УѡǰǱ㲻ˡ
ȷ˵ƣһ۴С·һĹʵȡ˳ֱһȥ
๾࡭
·տķˮһ˵ڴһɹѪƤ²ߣһεʺѪˮë֮һ뿪ͻΪѪܿܡ

˷ʹۿɼٶţܿһµõֱ۱³֮¡
һ˲ı仯ʵľʱѾȿʼȦֹ˫Ѫ죬˵Ĺâ
ǾúõǱ˺ɷҲ˲ǽΪҽֻܽľ൱ӵ˾ѩΪַ͡
սŴδսЩƶֹֻ־ƷǷдҲ˵ʱĳˣѩҲеһ֡
ַȴ뵽һϡ
ӵо֪ûĻǲҲŴΡ
ַúпܣΪȻűʵ𣬵ȴǿתģһƿˮһӼԶҳɸϣɵӦҲЩϡһ֡
뵽ַ˳ȥѩԸˡ
ٺ٣Сӣ˵¶һ˿Ц׺ͳ˫ۣԵøֲ
ͬҲĴޣֻ˫һһ򹥻ѡ
Ҫκαĸ˻Ӷ˫ȭһȭȭַȥ
еԾǡַҲǲܣֱƾһ˫ȭԺ䡣
ǣǣǣ
ռ飬˵Ĺǿһһʽַᷢ漫ѹ
ַĹҲͬ˸еľҪ֪ԼǷ˾˿Լ⣬ԼʵҲǼģǾԼ޷ѹסַ档
ôôǿԽԽľ
ַʱǼﵽ˵ʱԽ۷壬ûٴǿȣܱȣҲ˷˾򵥶ײ˸ַĶ֡
ȭָ뷢ŵ似࣬һʱмȫ˵ĹӰַĹȻûʲôƷȴҲʮֵЧÿһʽɱ˵ʽÿһ˽ȫ

˫ȭײ˸Էֿ˸ƽɫַȴ¶һ˿ЦղŵĹֻһԼǿȶѣµĽ⡣
ʱȣҾͲˡַЦ˫ֿһǰγһŹֵƣȻȻһơηʨӡ˲ͷų
ǧ״СĻƽʨһ˱˵ǰĹֱӾͽ˵ķ˷顣
ءѪĽ
һα˵ͷ­
ͷ­飬˲ϨҲ˲Ŵ˵ѾǱɣǾȴıֶɣʿͷŵֻһգۣ˵ͷ­ٴοʼٴ
°ͣ죬ǣ۾Ȼֱô٣ԾԾ˵ٶš
ַһ˹ȥһѰڻָͷ­֮ϣѪˮ֮з˻ʼ
ң
ʹ˻ţͷ­ַ水סʧֳɣһ޸ͷ­һǲʧָٶȱʮֻ
ɺ޵ǣͷ­ÿһ㣬ַͻָһ飬ʼձ˴״̬
ʹҪæȴѩԭأһ˸Ǳһʱ֮Уֻʣ˺Ǹ޷ѹѩˡ
ߡۿȥ統ϣͻȻһҷʮȻת롣
ʣ˸ǲ£ҲͬʱȫҪ롣
ѩϣ˦ִɫâǾ¡
ʱַҲǸո˵ֽʬ嶪
ԸԵַڴһɵ̫ǿַ֮󣬷·ٴβʵı仯
⡭ѵﵽں廹ٴνַЩϲ
֮Уȷʵдﵽں֮УȴǴû˵ַҲȷԼǷٴξ˽ܹĸܵԼڵԱ֮ǰҪǿö࣬ǱҲǱĸӾ޴
ಣಣಣ
Ӱ٣һǰ
ҹһƺСز˵ĴзѾںϣʱҲѾ׵ŷڡ
ǳ׾ˡ
Ѿȡ˰ҶϱȻʮö⣬ȴûжĿشˡˣǸûƵĴڡ
ɱ
ûʲôԥʱκλԵöַ࣬׵壬ηʨӡ
ѩʱ侲ֹϵǡôһַҪĵϣֹ˽ܵηʨӡĹش
Сزһҹһ赲һ֮ˣҹӰڽ֮Ѿ˾Ÿһʮҹȫͬʱʮаɱһ㽫ֱ
Ҷɱɱɱɱɱ
紹ʮöҶͬʱųĽնַˡ
Ȼѩһʱƽǿһ߲ʹâΧʮնڹϣ˲䱻תƵһʱ֮Сڽʧһ˲䣬ַηʨӡҲͬʱϡˡ
ֻǼʱ䣬սѾĻ
սȨȫսַǰʱַ̣ͷ˸ʬۣ֮ʱѾַĸʬܡ
ַ档һƵֱʱǲʱַ˵
ѩҲЦ˹ַСزˣϵϲڸƣ֮ɫȵַһƵһһӵſ˵ַ棬紫֮ѾҵҲδ֪ΣգСزתתɣȡһЩзΪ׼ҾͲһˡ


54 ʱƬ
ѩڵַ˵İȫȻַʵѾӽԼǷ紫ǣ̫˵棬ʱԼ˵ܵ˺
ַȴϵͳҪʥģҲǲԶƬ·龵Ƭһķ紫֮ء
ѩô˵ַ΢ԥһ£Ǿߡ
˵һƵ˵İȫϵͳҪҪĶ࣬Ҳڷ񣬷ûʱƣѩᵽ紫֮ٽҲ١
ַ˵ͷҪһƵȥȥѰһЩзΪۡ˭֪ʱһɫǿҫ
׹ַ˽ԭأһҲǴӷ紫еش
࣬վڣʮħɱ
ƽȴ޾ɱ⡣
֪ǲǸղŵİ׹˷紫֮صĳЩʱдս˻˳һХΪ
áѩɫţһʱȥ˷򴫳֮صС
ַ˽ںȴͣ˷򴫳֮صߡ
ַ棬쿴ҹָŷ򴫳֮еһ
ַȫȥһ顮ƬһɫӰڷתڷɣʮͷΧߣУʼ޷
һߣѩӰһƬƬ֮Уӽţ;ȴһˣչһս
ְ֣衣СزżĺҪ壬ȴҹһ
ſңҪȥְ衣Сز
ҹͺһһͬʱַ档
Ƭ̵Ĺ۲죬ַѾ֣ƬӦĿռ䡣ÿһƬһռ䣬һͶ˳Կݺҵĵһ龵Ƭһ㡣
ַҿһۣЩռѾɢʮʿڲͬĿռ䣬֪ڸЩʲôһǲϵشڸռ֮УѰһЩ
ַ档һƳԴַĹ۲죬ﲻˡ
ַ濴һۣȻһ˵ıѾ˲ˣʮȴǼûܵĴˡ
ţҪţʱ򷴶鷳Լȥַô˵һ䣬ֱһ뷨紫
ˣˣˣˣ
ַһ̤룬͸оΧĿռ䶼仯һʧȥĵĸо
ﾹȻƬռصѹֻеĲȡַһ¿ΧĲͬĸռ䣬ֱĹַϣŲͬķ壬ȻоĲȡ
ַܿӦûֱͣһռȥ
ÿһռ䶼Ǻַܴ澭ĸռ䣬ӦзԲǧףСǲ׵򡣲ֿռܶ࣬صһ𣬼ҲһСľ롣
Щռд󣬱Ҫӵпռ䷨ַﵽŷڣȻ޵Ŀռ䷨ȴҲ㹻֧һǰȥ
ܿ죬ַѾ׷ϵѩڵĿռ䡣
ѩ̣Щ˽ңȥ塣
յηʨӡѾͷƽʨӷֱһŷʿֱΪѩײһͨ
û˵̫໰ѩֻǵ˵ͷٴڷȥ
ַ棬һҲ뵲סǣֱ쿪ȻԼҾͳȫ㡣һʿЦ˵
ڽ봫ʥ֮ǰΧɱַЩʿеһˣȻַѾ׾ŷڣȴΪַѩʵ
ѩûа취ǶַȻӦֵ
ֻû뵽ѩ֮û취Ϊʱ䷨ȻǿѩȴóɱˣʱΪڵģַһһʽΪɱ˶ڣҪսеãַɱȷʵҪѩҪǿ
һˣȫǾŷڣͨΧһȦַ
ַȻ壬һɽ̤ӰĪ⣬ռɴͬʱηʨӡҲǲϷÿһȡЧ
ôܣ˲ŵĴС
ַٶʵ̫ˣûܹƶٶڷƽı仯ַҲõϿɱ˵ηʨӡŷʿ̧ͷ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
ַ治Ϸػ˺Ҫܣֱӿͽŷڵʿѹ
ǣǣ
ʿֵסַĶ˹ͨҲ˿ʼѪܵ˻ԵĴˡ
ڣۡһһʿԵڵء
һֵַĹѣʱһ˾͸ӵסˣܿڶ͵ʿҲſ˵ϡ
ַ棬֪ˣƻǣŹǣԸ⽫һַһʿʼġ
ַûлشֻЦһ
û⣬ʿȫַ̱ڵء
ʿȫַɸɾʬ֮۷ȫƳ˸ʬܡ
ʱַѾȡ˽ʮĸʬܣЩܵսѾԺɨһΪʬ֮ʱַУЩʬҲܵƣ޷ַ֮߳⡣
ַһɽٶ̫죬һ̤Щʬܱ޷ϣַһֱ̫ʵЩܣǵһЩҪƶսʱЩʬܵñ㼫ķ˳
ʮħ˵ѩ˺޷ȫƴܶԷǵַ֮ս־Ϸ˱仯
ʮʬܣдǾŷڣһ߶ͨ߷Ĺֱһͽʮħ˺롣
ɱץסᣬֻצͬʱֻ̽һɱԷˣһҲǱ˺˰壬˴
µͺ¿Űĳɱţû˷ħЩԶĶ֣ɱѪɺӡ
ʮ򷨾ʿ³ȻһֱʵʮһԼŷʿʵԶԶսŴҲñǿ
ȴǼˡ
ַ棬úһĿ࣬ĿֿĴпһһȭַ
ҲǾŷڵΪ壬νǿ֮һȭžĽܻɷ飬ַֻǲܣͬһȭӭȥ
Цһȭټ֣Ȼַȭײһ
أ

ȭ浽ٵСۺʹۣеұ۾ȻֱʮڣǴ̴Ƥд͸Ѫɽ
ֱ۶ѣвŵĵɴ۾
ַǲǰһץסĲӣ
ţַ˵СһЩôѲַ֡ʱӳڵҲǺܿ챻ַһգˡ
ʦܡ
ʣŷںڴ˵ֿѩһգ۵ʱͿԼʦܱɱַɱȻ໹ҪǿͬʱҲѾ⡣
ˡŷڵĴһ£ʣĶʮͬʱһǿȻ˻ȥһʱϾȻҲЩĸо
ʹӾӣôס಻ģָ֮Ǽһ˿ڣűٴ׷ɱȥ
ѩַҲͬ뷨Դӽ뿨ǣַ̫ݺ׷ɱʵ˵ʵַȻҪһ
Ȼ̫ԩ𣬵ǾȻΧɱ࣬ԼСزĹϵȻҪǴ֮졣
ʬǷɢסַܵһɽСΧʹһ֮ʮһˣѩҲǲͬʣʮˡ
˴ˣλʩαؿأŷʿеһ˿˵
к֮¡ҵȻһʱ̰ҲδҪɱʩѾȥˣҲǾ˳ͷλʩҲ˰ɣһҲ˵
ƨŭգе˵ʱһצ̽ץһͷ­ͬʱ̲סһȺʵͺ¿ոջ˵վҵڣ˵δɱҡûϵ㲻ɱҡɱǡȥ
˵֮䣬˶ûͣ١һ߷񹥻һǾȴһգбɱ
࣬ҪϾɱȿڵŷںͻȻȡ
ûɱľǣһӡҲŭ
ŷڵĴжһۣӶԷпһĨͬʱһ˫ʳָָĴָָһͷСʱһɹѪˮʼָ¡
һѪɱħ塪ɡ
ͬʱȣ˫ָͷаγһĨ޵ĺɫ
ѪеѪֻһ㲻ӿϷȥնǱУϵΧؼԪֱӹעѾ¶ĴƤ㡣
һִ̼弫޵ͽǱΪۣѪɱʵ˲ɱ
һѪɱħ塪ɡ
еһںҲͬʱó˽ħ壬գ֮䣬Щ˵ʵѾȾŷڵʿ
ɱ
Ҫ˹裬˫һ˲ײһ
µĺַǿĹȥͬʱ߰˸ʬҲ⵽˻ԵĴǰĲҡ
ΧĿռ䶼ڱ飬Щռ䱾Сȶʱڲϳ˫ҵĴӽ顣
ǣһ죬ƪռڳܲסˡ
ڿռѵͬʱһ׹ȻԿռɢģһƪָ״СƬ
ʱƬѩһ˳ʱ츳ʱսлָ±ʱƬץȥ
ϧʱƬɳķѩ෴ֱŷںеķȥ
öʱƬҵˡһץסʱƬͣԼ˶ܲˣֱӷ롣
ʱǸոս˽ħ壬ʵٶ󣬾ѩһʱ޷׷ϡ
ȻΣҪӳƬռͬʱһӰͻȻǰ
ַ档ŷںд󾪣һȭǰַ
һ˸ոԼʦôַɱģһȭˣϧʱַһȭҲѾӭ
أ
ַǿֱӽԷһĹͷ˷顣


ַһѽץУԥķܿͽԷڵɸɾ
һָԷüģһ̺귨Ԫ˳ָŷںеԺٵĽһȦѸջءŷںУһˡ
ߣӡ
ַ뿪ͳԿƬĳָʣºߵĻᣬȻѩҲھأȴǱʮ˳ȥ
ʱǵעȫַеʱƬס
ַ棬ôʵ
ǶûмʱƬһҲֻʿģǷʵҲǲ֪ġ
ַֻףеö·𱡱ָһĶȷʵʱƬΪϵͳռУռһϣģƽʯһѾ׵ʾţʱƬٷ֮ʮߡ


55 ƽ
ʱƬٷ֮ʮߡ
ַռʮʱƬٷ֮ʮ߾һǧһöССƬȻô
ַһ˼ˡ
ʱƬ̺ʱշ򣬾ռһС̺ĿռȷʵģֻǰöƬ֮вֻ̺˿ռ䣬Ҳ̺ʱ䡣
֮У궼ǽʱմڵĻϣǬȿռ֮޷壬ӦþΪûʱĴڣöʱƬ̺֮ʱ䣬˵
ַԺһЩ뷨ѩȺ˵ͷ֪֮ȷʵʱƬȻʱƬݸ˹ۿ
ԭʱƬŨ̬ǰڸսʱֹһƬвɢƬɳҴˡ
Ļѩַ𾪣ȻеطֱӷɳʱƬ
Ҫ֪öʱƬĳѾżȻ֮ǰҲռ飬ȴҲֻһЩԵԪڶûʱƬĴڣȻÿһռ䶼ʱƬġڣ˵һطֱӾʱƬڡ
ǵʲôط𣿡ѩʡ
ͷҡҡͷصǵãѾȥ죬֪ǷΪǸɳʱƬĵطһɲġ
ַͻȻ뵽ʲôϵͳռ䣬ȻϵͳռһϣĲûʾɵ
ַĵĻҪǽʥĵķ紫֮أԼΪĵطǷĴ֮أڿˡ
ֻǷ紫֮صΧ򡣡ַ濴Ҫϵ֣뵽
ϾྻʿطӦȷʵǷ紫֮زмˡ
ַ뵽߿ľвͣԭظʲôǲͣĴڸռ֮УѰһЩʲô룬пܾѰƬģǸڵء
ַ棬ôѩַ˼ѯʵ
ַ˵ҾﲢǷĴ֮أ˵ȻǷ紫֮أķֻǴƬ֮еĳطпܾƬֵȥѰҡ
ҲͷҲôãʱһļµĸоұûżȥ̽ǴһЩᡣ
΢΢źϾܴ󣬲ܸһ֡ðճȥӦڽ󲿷֮̽ѡǷĳЩΣյĵطﲻǷ紫򣬶ֻһյأǰװױ
֪ӵʱƬ㲻Ƿ紫֮أҲֵȥѰһˡΪʱƬĴھʯĴڣڽƽż
߰ɣ˽ȵǡͷһȥѩںַпܣߡ
˵ٶȶǼ죬ᴩʱ֮УʱּʿЩԩ·խΧַˣֱӱĻɱһЩַûйƽ¡
һ·Լʱ䣬һƬϸܼĶʱճǰ
ռ£Ŀռ󣬸ܼ࣬ÿһռͻᷢռһ𡣾һƬľӣеƬɨһһѾƬλãƬ󣬶Һܶࡣ
˽ȵˡַһۿڿռӵؼʮڼмŲ
ЩȫǾʿȻбȽеλˣʵһ۾ͿɿΪǿиѾӽڵľ磬ԼԦ߲ͬͨſռȥ
ȷʵ߼ΪǵĶʮֻҿ˺ܴ
һöʱƬѩҲָһ򺰵
˳ָķԿȻһö΢СģױҳһɨʱƬƯһƬ޵ĿռСַǰȥߣɶȱ˰ٷ֮ʮ˰ٷ֮
ҪռʮʱƬ¡ַ뵽ΪȡʱƬʱѾǰһöʱƬڡ
ַ档ະΧռʱƬҺѩߣ֣ǻԷ紫ΪȻĻܹռһЩʱƬҲǺõġ
ҲַҪģϾռʱƬѣʱ񣬻ƽʯȻȫɣȡƽۣʱʵκ鶼Ӧ°빦ġ
õ壬ǷȥѰҷ紫УʱƬ齻ˡַ°ƱڵοռʮʱƬʲô¡
˷ͷжΪر𣬷·ÿһռ䶼Ǿһ㣬ӳռеľȻ˶Ƿɢȴܹͬռе˵ӰǿһĻ߲ġ
ַһʼֻΧռӲصѰʱƬܿ췢ʱƬȫôܼӦΪԼߵĵطûѼԲŻʱƬطǱ˵صˣԱҲûз֡
߿ռܼʱƬӦø࣬ߡַ濴˿ѾнԶѩԽԽطľʿҲȥ
һööö
ԽߣʱƬȻҲǶ˲٣ַܿռʮöʱƬʱϵͳռѾʾɶȰٷ֮ʮš
ʱǰռܼͻȻһ΢𶯣ţ·龵ƬдһţһɢŴĿ׹ԲιȦڿռܼ
Ƿ紫֮ţ߾Ƿ紫֮ء֮ſһֻܽʮˣҿ塣һʿȵ͸Ŀռ䣬˺ܶ˵Ķ䡣
ͬʱطҲָ˽кŴҿЩ룬Ǻűһѻߣ࣬ѩַ档
סЩˣ紫֮ÿֻܽʮˣ
ഫвܱȡҺΧסǡ
һϣΧסǡ
˶ںҲѩݣǸûǰ
ʱ򷨽紫֮ѾֻܽʮˣΧȴٶʮһʱ򲻿ЩȽ봫֮ڣ赲סˣԼȥʲôã
ڸǰʲô嶼˽кסˣԼܵı˭죬ܿѾȽ˷紫֮ڡ
ַԥһ£֪Ƿ룬ٶҪǰʮ£ܵԼк󣬺һ⵽Ⱥô졣
ַ棬õǣ紫֮ſ뿪ĴͷҲˣȥǻֱ뿪ġҹַӰһֱַӰӵС
Ȼҹô˵ַȴķģۿ뷨紫֮صѾﵽܿҪԱַͻȻѩԼ˵Ļ
ַ棬ΪˣرǸеˣҪԼӵвƸӦʵûжӦʵȥôԼӵеһǻᱻ˸ȥ
ʵַһƽ
ȷʵһϵ磬ǰ뷨紫֮һõԼʵĻᣬԼȥ˽ȥʱһ˵õ紫УôԼʵܾܿͻᱻԷԶԶ¡
ЩԼѾɱ˲ˣкܶ඼Ǿʿѱոճ紫֮ŵûЩ˵ˣʱǵõ紫У˺ԼԼߵˣԼûô죿
뵽ַ¶˾ģҹӰҹСزһƾͽˣչ˺ǡ
İɣǽáҹһЦ
УȻһҲܶ¡ǱȽأҹ˷ģرڶթĽ磬ҹ;ַҲǷĵġ
˵仰ַѾһɽٶŷ紫֮ŵķȥ
ססˡһʿԽǰ˺ϧЩԼϾܵ
ַٶȱЩ˶̫ˡܿ˷紫֮ǰ˳ȡһöͣڴ֮ߵʱƬ漴һ̤ڡ
ˣ
ֻԺһַ滹δʱմ͵״̬ѹһģıӶ𣬡Сӣȥ
š䡯һ£һַϣءһҷ˳ȥ
ף͵Ϯ֮˷ɻȻû뵽ַôǿȻܹӲԼȫһ
ʱһַϤһߴȵַСġҹ
ʱַ۾ҲѾָӾͬʱָйҲȫָһۿԼ߻ʮŷڵľʿΧѩˡ
ȻڣʮŷڵʿϻȴҲֲôַһġǽػ
һߣɱһʿȵ
ַŷ֣ľʿ󲿷ԼûмȻǸԼ˴һ紫֮ŴͽģһʮˡԼ򸾣ʮˡ
ʿΧѩսתַɱȥһַʶľʿѵСģٶȺܿ죬ҲǼǿӵнתɿܵۺʵڡ
ô˵ȻǾЩţǶҲһЩ
ۿԼиΧѩַ࣬Լһ£ҪʤĿԲ
Ҫǣ౾ˣȻַ˰ˣѩ˶սʮŷʿҲǼΪѣܿҪֵסˡ
ֻܿϵͳĽˡַ۾ֳһ˿ϵͳռ䣬ͬʱηʨӡֽǰ
Ƭռ󣬵ĻȻʾѾɣַѡؼȡһΡ
ͬʱڽ編紫֮ǰַҲȡһöʱƬôƽʯҪʱҲʾѾɡ
ȡؼ
ַ溰һϵͳӦܿ죬תϵͼһҫؼཱȻű㿪ʼת
ַû˷ʱ俴ؼĽʲôҪǰ˶սϣʬºǵսʧأһַ沢ûֱӽǶɳ
ֻһ˿ϵͳռ䣬תתͬʱѡȡƽʯĽ
һöͨɫҫŰɫ⻡ķ·۾СԲʯͷַԺ֮УöƽʯȻʵ壬һִʡ
Σռ񣬿Իںƽ۵ĽǷȡռ󽱣
ûκԥַѡ񣺡ȡ
ַ£ϵͳռ䷢˾޴ı仯ϵͳռӰããޱ޼ʿʼźڰתת֮ת̣еһжΪޣͺʲôвʱӡ
ͻȻɫĿռ·һ£ϵͳٴַԺдƽʯںϡ
ַ滹δӦΧĿռͻȻӿֳַʱ䣬ռ䣬꣬໥ƣֱΧĺɫռ֮УͬʱһϵͳҲǳ֡
Ԫںϡ
ԪںϣԪҲǿӿ룬ܿϵͳռ䣬ϵͳоԪںϡ
ַ濴ǰϵͳռѾȫһӣռԭȾһεĴڣԼռ䣬ھȻʵĳԼǰռһΪεĴڡ
⣿ַڷͻȻеԼԶͷ˳Ȼʼϵͳռ以ں
ںϣںϣƽۿ
ַͻȻоԼ֮ǰһˣǰһΧ츳ܣڵǸǱһ硣һԼƿصģʵ硣
ΣΪ˫Ѿ̺ͫƽ۽Ϊ¿һֻۣѡۿλá
ַڸı仯ǰһԼӰԺѡԼӰĶͷλá
Σƽۿλѡ濪ʼۡ
ۿַͻȻȫʧȥ˶Ŀơ
ͬʱַΧĿռȴҲǷ˾޴ı仯ŷڵľʿڷҵĹͨѾַǰȴͻȻΧռһڣ˶ͬʱ
еʱսڰռˣȫԭأֻʱսǵ˼άתҲȫֻܶʧȥеһʱ̱ԭضѡ
ô£¶֮ɫ
ǿóɫռǴַڷû֪ʲô
ֻѩһʧַƽ硣
Բŷֻ֪ѩӵдм䣬ֳΨһһ̬֮ˡ
ΪˣвŻᾪ֡
ַ棬ô;Ȼƽˣ૵
ַ澲ı˫ۣ·˯һڿУһƬڰ磬еľɫâԼ
һϸϸĹâü͸ԽԽ֣üλ˺һŵķ϶
ˢռһַüſһֻڵӶǰ
ʱ˶һָоͺһ鵰⣬˴мһӣַΧƬռһӵĵ⣬ȫԭ硣ٱǰķƿء
ʱַԺУϵͳʾٴ𣺡ƽۣɡ


56 ϵͳޱ
һƬУɫâתַںڰռġͷϷһ޴ĺɫͫͫΧлɫƣΪء
Ǹʬۣ֮ԭĴַ츳֮УʱѾںϣʬ֮Ҳͳƽ۵Ŀռ֮С
ƽ۵£ַܵĿռѾԭ磬ַֻƿأʱλںڰ֮еоַܵףҲַһǾͻ
һָоû˻ʵ˶ŵעַ棬رǸոճֹļˣ亹Ѿʪ͸ȫ

ַ泤һ˫ۡ
ͷϷڰҲͬʱ޴ͫһһףͬ޴֮֮ͫлת
ַԻ֮Ǵۣ֮츳ͫʱʬ֮һͬʱŵ¿ռУƷС
ַ档ѩɻʵƽˣ
ַҡҡͷΧһȺŷʿЦŽ͵ǵѩ̣ҵһͫƽۣЧЩƽܴĶ硣
ƽۿַһʱͫһС
ַĽȼͣƽ۴ԪƣȵﵽڣŽΣʱɽ޶֣ʱԳһ硣
ַҲˣƽ۵õƽʿ磬ֻҪԼﵽڣƽھˮɵġ
ַĻѩһ꣬Ҫֶ֪ͫʮѵõģļ֮УսҲֻӵһ֮ͫͫ˶ӵйַͫ棬Ȼһӵĸ
Ρ鵽ѧؼŵһǷȡ
ϵͳַУַһ㶣ոѡںƽ۵ʱҲͬʱѡ˳ȡؼ齱Ϊϵͳոһֱںƽֱۣʱų齱ϡ
ǽŷһĻȴַ泹˴͡
ΧĺɫռͻȻһתΪռƿߣַĸӦڿռһЩĪĶƿն룬ַԺг¡¡
ʱѩ˵ĸΪУΪĿַһŸߴŻƾմӺڰ
أأأأأأ
Żȫγɣÿһʯ϶ŲͬϢַʱҲѾתȥһۿȥĿɿڴ
ǡϵͳٴθ£ַҲ׷ʲô
ΪԼʮ׸ߵԵдšƼ츳ؼ񻰡Ż볬ϵͳкܴĹϵ
ʱŻգֻпƼ츳֮Ѿ򿪣ϱһɫĹĻ赲ַȴĸоԼ롣
ֽпƼ츳ռƴѾɣҪţƴǹؼַ
ʵתƵŵϱߣؼ֮ţĵλϣһתʵһ̻ϱߣʽͬͼһɫָ붼ַǰϵͳռеĳ齱תһģһʱָֻһͼ֮ϣַĿתǸͼ꣬ϱʾŵƵ
ת̵ұߣǸʾҲûб仯
ϵͳת̸ؼ֮ϣѵ˵ڳȡؼƴ֮ǰֻܳȡؼཱ𣿡ַ뵽
ôεϵͳ仯ʷһα仯һϷӣӵĽӽ޲߽ıʡ
ΪַãӿƼ츳ٵؼཱת䣬һֱڶӦԼĽ󣬶Լĳһ׶ʺԼĶ
ʱڣ츳޴ӷӣؼ𵽵ҲʮޣֻпƼཱΪʵãҲԼʱʵĶ̹ټʹ츳֮ϵͳǼӴ츳ĽΪʱһ˵ʵǿ̶ܴϾȡ츳
Ҳˣѧؼں츳뷨Ĵڣһɽ̺ռ츳뷨򣬶ηʨӡں˽𣬷磬츳뷨ڸһֶΡ
ַоһھСѧѧѧһĽµ֪ʶÿһ׶жܵõõĽ뷢չ
ȷʵϵͳԴθ֮齱һֱؼΪںϵͳҲѾϸַ沢֪ϵͳθıΪʲôֻĲ²⡣
ŵĳַһ˲뵽࣬˵УŵĴھͱЩˣ׷Ÿֲ²⡣
ַǲٶ룬ֱǰϵͳת̺ȡ
ಣһ׹ַԺʮӺ׹ŽʧʱһЩھŵƵϢַļ֮С
ŵƣƷؼһƾʽɷ־ŸֱÿƹΪͨİ˳ҲԾƵӣ˺
ַ˵ͷ
ŵƵ֣ȻϲȴҲһһƾʽʽص㣬ԸһȺ˵ʱӦûвЧ
ַϴν׾ŷڵʱùһؼںϽΪʱûпںϵ似ʱãʱںŵơ
ȡؼںϽַ溰
ؼ֮ϣǸʾеĴɵһŽɫ˸˼£Ȼʧͬʱϵͳؼ֮ϴѡͬ似Ϊ似ںϡ
֣ŵơֱַӵѡ似ͼꡣ
ϵͳûٷֻǽͼһһâҫһµͼַǰ
ŵں似ںϳɹΪ似
ַ鲢⣬ںֻ似ʱЩеҪʵһں似˵似־ͽоŵֺˡ
Σ似ɹǷȡ似
ȡ
ַĻ䣬һ׹С
һӺַŴϵͳĹ
ʱѩЩɵˡ
ַǰεĽһνȡԻͶǿһʱȻǵĴԻЩң΢ƽһ±ַܹ澹ȻڴȡĳЩ
ŵƣ
ںؼ
ѵ
ǰУмʶַģرѩ϶ַ֪֪סǴʱ뵽ͬһ⡣ǾַĽٶ̫죬ʵҲ̫ˣͲϳ
ϸոտһУǺȻ뵽ַ֮Խô죬ʵôǿпܾЩŻйء
ѩûʲôַǵ׼ŮӵЩŻֻˡЩŷʿͲͬˣЩʶַҲŻĲ̰
ַոȡ˽ҪںϺľŵ͸ܵΧĵ⣬̲סЦ


57 ŵ
ַĿռУԪ뷨ܵƿأȻҲ˶귨ĿƣǰЩ˵뷨ͲԼǵͷ·ֱ˵˳ĳַԺС
ԭܹôǿΪӵЩصŻɱֻһţʵҲд
һ֮Ӳ֣ͬҷĹôǿЩŻʮֲֵƴᡣ
ƬռУҵܵѹƣκļޣĲһ޷Ŀơ
ƴˡ
ƴˡ
ֻǻཻһʮŷڵʿͬʱͷųԼȫΧҵĹš
ַһЦռȫƿأֻҪԸ⣬ԽƬռеԪͷգڷСز߲ʿռ䣬˶ʧȥζ
ûô
ոں似ַҪһЩûпƬռ䣬Ƿ˶ΧռƿأоԪԪԪԼ統УЩŷʿԸķʵ
оΧĽʧԪó棬ЩŷڵʿΪַƽѾˣ˷ܵļӴ˹ȡ
䣡
һ泤ڿնеһʿͷųԼʵ
һͨ鳤ǹŽɫĻ棬Ϊһַȥ󣬽а˼ͨȺָԣ˵Ŀַȥ
ѩ򸾼ҪǰȴַƽĴ𡣡壬ѩ̣Ҹѧһ似Щ˾ͽְɡ
ַƽǸûнʮŷʿѩȴȻѡַ档
ַƽ٣ǰһƣʱһŲӵӡǰɳ
һûþȫΪһӾͽԷɱԲһƵǶ١
ءһŵ泤ìײһ𡣾Ųӵӡ˲ϾΪһ˲˻泤ìֱӻ˷顣
ʲôƻ泤ìľŷʿɴ۾һĲš
ʵǰԼͨȷʵǱԷһƾͻ˷飬ҶԷĹûбԼ߹
ۣ
ŷʿû뵽ԷĹǿ̶ֳȣⲻֱӱַһƴ˷顣
ַҡҡͷ̫ˣ߳ľŵֶԾŷʿȫһȫѹ
ٴδһƣõǾŵֵķɢŸӡɢֱһԼͨ
ַʹõʮΪɢľƲûоƺһһήͰٷ֮ʮ˺ַûд󣬶ȫ
˼ͨڻ泤ìĺߣʱ׵˾ŵֵĹײ£ַľŵֱ˷飬˼ͨͬ󷽵һͨҲȫܵĴѡ
ԿЩѪڣ͵ޣʽַڻͬǾҲ˵ô׵ӲͨܽƻַԼһȼȴһ㣬似жôǿ
ȴǲַ֪ľŵ֣֣֣Լŵĸ似ں϶ɵģгǲģһϹ˺ŵƵľƺһҲǿ˺
ַӽ֮ʾһֱǿͬߣھתΪԼʵ֮ǴﵽһΪֲĳ̶ȣȻɱȲ࣬Ҳô޴󡣶ֱӵĹ似ԽǿԽ
ַܹôĹһ似ĳɹַۺʵ֡
һƾʽͬʱ˾żͨ˵
Ҫ֪ͨɲͨıһȫһȭ˵пܽ˴һֵȴѽҶϣܽҳɷ顣
ַһ˽ֵҳɷЧڶྻʿ룬һǵϣǾԵֵסġ
ӡһʿӦ롣ʿȻ󲿷вʣȴҲҪŻɱַ棬ûпܵġ
ԸΪ˱ƴǾԸװֳַʵѾȫסǣûٸǰơ
ӳѰҵ紫УӵԼķ磬Ż󲿷־ʿж뷨
ַ統Уô߾ߡ
ַûжֻһͷЩʿȫԭأΧԪȫֹҲԽӽ˷֣ԭԼЩ˸ַƽ۵Ŀơ
Ҫ֪ƽ۵൱ƽʿǿֶΣƽ۴УַǾԵף˵ЩŷڵʿڵʿҲǲһ
ǾϵѹƣٿŤתĲࡣ
ַ棬࣬ȻΪݺͬ壬㲻𣿡һʿȳʱѾַ֮Ĳ࣬ûӲȥҪΨһϣַԼͣ֡
ôˣǾʿĹഫѵûиǣʱڿʼһֱ𣿾Ǳ׷ɱҲû壬ƴ󣬷ʼǻޣߣѩЦ˵
ĴмҲйʱڵһЩ䣬ȻΪʱ̫Զ㴫Ҳ޷̫࣬һЩ˵ȴǺ׵ıڵʱһЩ飬ѩ֪Ⱦʿࡣ
ʿѩ˵٣ΪǱδγ֮ǰѾ׸ȾʶѩûκεͬУرڼʶ໯Ϊ󣬸Ǹоһͷޣ£ôԷƽ
ǵУҲӽޣ»֮죬Ҳ޷ıǵֿ
ַǵ뷨ıĵ˵Щ˲ΧɱѩಢûʲôϾУѩݾ൱ַֻеݣҪַͷޣҲǷԷг𣬱ֱɱˡ
ǸոЩԼҲҪΧɱԼл̰Ҫᳬϵͳʯţȷʵַ治ԭǵĵط
ַ治ɱ֮ˣΪһЩɱˣȴڿɱɲɱʱɱˡǰЩʿֿɱҲԲɱˡַԥһ֮󣬻ѡ˲ɱǡǱҪĳͷԼҪĶҪȡġ
һԺƽ˰ɡַ浭˵ȻĿ£ʮʿȫεǰ
ַ滯һǵȫ


58 ƽ
ַûɱЩʿԻǴ󲿷ֵͬʱеľԪķȫ
һЩʿǷˣܹóһЩһЩ⣬ͨѾûʲô
ַ治ȥǣѩ˷ֱһ̽ȥܿ˱ֻϵһ
ռСмʱƬܼǲûʲô紫дڡַȽԼ
ٶ죬̽Ҳ󣬴λ߳ӽһ򶼱ȷʵûзʲôرĵط
ѩҲͷͬʱƬǸûз紫дڵļ󡣡
͹ˡüѵҴЩʿϵõϢǼٵģ
ô˵ţѾתͷȺʧȥΪԭصľʿǡ
ϢġַͻȻոУ鿴ǵļ䣬֪Ϣ𲻴Щп϶иǿߣͷˣ˵֪ϢǼٵģôֻ˵֮ظǸƭ֣˵һʼϢƫġ
ѩͷ˵ǳġΪôʱЩϢȷʵѱ˼ҲĴ֮شеĲķ磬ʱƬȻҲͬܵõ紫Уǹȴر
ôˣﴫеĲķ磬ʱƬҪ÷磬ҪԼ򡣡ܿ𰸡
һȻֱӴзĻ𣬵ôʱƬȴǸѩͬʱƽڵĻᡣ
ַ棬ҺСѩҪһͻƣԼʱǧҪǡ˵
ַҲͷٿѩȴһ糺죬ǱЩߡ
ȿȡǸȥߣǵòҪǡ˵ôһ䣬ѩٷ룬ַֻ˼

ʱҴţ´ȴǷ˾޴ı仯
Ϊʧ´ս֮Ѿͨ裬ܶཫ߿ʼ뿨´ǿġ
սϽٵĽȻʵǿ츳ȾʿҪ߳٣õǾԪ֧֣ٶȷɿ죬벻вȺʼ׳󣬺ܿΪ˿´ǵס
Կ´ǵƿȼǿܶǰʿ̽ҲĿʼ˳룬ŵرһЩʿǶĶ֡
УΪصľһд˽ɫĵĺɫᡣ
ЩдĵĺɫһľҲǿǿľ
ӵоŷʿǧˣһʿˣ֮򱶡ɫԱߵһԨ·
Ԩ·ϵľʿˣЩһҪ̽׵ͨߣиǱ䲻ʱ˽ȥǲΪʲôСûٳ
ֱǰգʿ˷紫Уӷ紫֮ƽһԨ·һ·ɱ¾һƽʿĴۣŴ·˳
еõΨһջ񣬾ôһдɫֵĺɫᡣ
ǣͷƽصʿҲŷʱԨ·´ƽֳĵط
𾪵ǣһνʮƽʿҲû̽Ԩ·ĵײһȥʮˣֻžᡣ
һ죬ַ࣬ѩ˸ոƽع鿨ǣδҵСزˣ˹ںɫ飬ͬʱҲ֪ټ·ƽʿ׼ʮպٽԨ·Ĵ㡣
Ԩ·ֹһ䣬˵´ϵĲء
ַҲЦѩ̣壬ǲ׼ȥô
ѩһۣЦǾͲȥˣν봫֮أΪǵݶɱ֮ȥԨ·ǻҪֿԣ
ַҲǲ㣬ѩòƶಢ׽ôֱټ֣ʱƽڵʿܹﵽ֮ôҪɱˣôѩ˿϶
Ҿַȥһ˵ʲôջ񡣡ѩͻȻ˵
ַ˵ͷ˵ȷʵҪȥģΪһϵͳռᣬǿռʮҪҪһҪáʱһ֪ʲôڿӦþǴ˵ֺɫˡ
ַȡ˵Ļ󣬵廷ѾͬʱˣַеǣĽֱӾͱ˳ȡռ
ΪϵͳѾפַ磬ѩۼַҲͽϵͳȫϳַô˵ѩ˶һԭı飬˿ûɻ
ַ룬н˵ֻԨ·ڻڿĽ׶ΣеʲôΣջδ֪⼸ϢѾжƽʿԨ·ߣʱǰȥȻǺǡ
ڴ֮ռ˲ٷʱƬֻҪʱ䣬ʵܿڡƽ֮۵ĴʹýƽڸƿԼͿٴνףʱҵʵ»ԶһƽʿԨ·ʲôʱȥҲ١
ѩ඼ǵ˵ͷѩǺһЦԼͺãҺƽѾ֪ˣʣµʱǻЩطһ
ˣһվǾȥַļ磬ô
ѩһ仰Ƕ˵ģ˳Ȼԥͬˡ
ַѩҪȥҲǶ˻ȥ˼һûʱƣǾԴźһһصסһʱ䡣
ַĴ㣬ѩɫ΢죬ֹ˵ַ棬ﲻнһ˯ķλص򣬾ЩСزǵĻ¸˰ɡ
ַ溹һ£Ҳ£ַȻûоܾɡ
ʱԨ·飬ַǿųܿҵһƣСزҹˡ
սܵشΪҪݺѩɱ˲أʮһ¼ֻʣĴ
ǰһЩСȴǽַȸ߼ȫԪʥ֮þʿǵľԪĴʯͻƣڵľŷʿ֮ǰҪˡ
ʱһƵ˾Ǳһŵ½Ȩ߸ȥ佻ϵ顣
ַȷʵԿǾŵӦǶԺһЩ˼ԴһƵ˶ڵĺܣԼռ౦ﶼ͸ˡ
˼ļһַôһ䣬̲סһ˿ȤЦ⡣


߾ ֮


1 پ
ôˣַ档ѩϸַʵ
ַҡҡͷѯʵûʲôһһоŵͣ͹ȥ
ѩͷûʲô¾͹ȥɣҲЩززˡ
۷磬ѩѾڷ紫֮ͣ˽ӽһʱ䣬ȷʵǺܳʱˡ
ַ濴һüĴ΢΢ѿһ϶һɫüķɳǰ䡯һһ޴ĺɫУԪ֮ͷдӿռг˳ܿγһֱĴ󶴡
ƽʿ϶ᾪúϲ£죬ΪַֻǶһһۣȻֱӴһ涴
ⲻڴʥѩֳ涴涴ʮֵȹ̣ʱҲ˾ֹ״̬ʱѩ֣ҲҪһʱ̶ֳȡ
壬ѩ̣롣ַǰ̯һֻ֣˸ơ
ѩֻЦЦಢ˽ȥ
ַ΢˾ƽ·һ㣬˲䴩Խʮ룬פڡ
г־޴ĳ涴λͬŷڵĸһ˳ҪһƣСزҹҲǸ˳
Ͼ˼кԼôЩ죬ұŷôණҲǲװʲôûܲ˵ġ
˰ϲоŮ֮ĸֽһͨռ涴ĲǵˣҪúõĽӴһ
ôţַѩѾӳ涴˳
һ£ӰոһǿѹӭϮ˲ɫˡʱһλŮԱܷâ
ַ档
裬ְ֡
ȻǣһƺСز˼ˣ˷ܵĺ˳Ȼһ˹ȥ
ززѩһѱס˹СزַһԶҹȺһٶȻ죬ǴʱȴվںһƵЦſַ档
ƽڡ˶ƽʿŵһ𾪵૵
ԣƽڣһȻнϢΪȴƽԶṳ̂Ǹ硣
ҪǿĶ࣬ǾˣδƽڵȴҲҪǿԼ̫࣬ϴнϢԼƥеġ
սôͻȻôˣϿʼ
Ϊַ˳֮ǰѾഫ˵ʮеϸּȫ𣬵ǱţʣĻеˣȭԼֻ˳
ʱַˣһʱ侹޷ĸǶϺ
ѵҲһһ㣬ǴһСطûţֻ뵽ŴĴȫʶսĸǰ˶ΪģӦȷʵû
ţҪǰкƽڵǿߣ㲻ܳΪҲҪԼƵ̬ȡ
棬ҪӽͻȻһ
ۣ
ѪһشϽͣΡ
һͨľŷʿѣҲҴŮע⣬ҲԼʲô츳ߡЦţôһֱӵˡ
츳ѾǲˣַıȽϺȷʵԵ̫ˣʱӣȻвޣȴҲұ
壬ѩ̡һʱǰѩ񣬶ҹҲǸһǰк
СزתͶַ滳ǵַ棬ˣǺ㡣
ַЦЦҲǡ
תͷԾֶʮ򣬡лЩӶһǵĹգһС˼Цɡ
з򡣡
дŨķ֮Ϣоŵ˶ֱַˡ
ʮзǶôһʲƸҪ֪зʯеַ֮һںϣǾһַģǾŷڵʿҲҪŵ֮ѣֻŵַС
ַ涪ʮз򲢲򣬼ֵҪԵϲ٣ͬ𾪡
ӦϽǰлĵͬǾŷڣԼԷĲʵ̫ˡ
ҵһǣַ˱㲻ڿǶȻǱǶַȴѾЩˡ
һ涴򴩣ַ˼̵ʱִ˵̫ձݣȻͣͨӵĳ涴ٵڵ
ףŨķϢѩ׳
ַ࣬棬ԼһҲо˵Ĳͬ
ʯں൱˳ѾʼɢϢˡַ˵
ûг涴ֱŵķ˹ȥܿ档һԽ㣬͸оһŨԪ
ԪʵʻǱȿǾԪҪŨԪֵطУٶȱضʮ־ˡ
ʵҲˣַͨ˵򣬷̶ֶһʱ䣬Ѿߣ˶ﵽ򷨱ԵĴ󽫾
ϧȻߣǾ˾ȴǲʮˣܹ򷨾ҲһЩַҡͷ
ʵȴĲˣ򲻹ʮ˿ڣܹʮ˾ĽѾǼΪˣҪ֪սϣһЩΪǿȺҲһܹһ˾Ľߵġ
ʱƣһչֻʱֻһ¾Ϳһսˡ
ճǣԭȵļҾסأʱѾΪǿߵľۼء
ǿ߾ۼһãھٰһ̨ȣʤ߿Իòͬʯ
̨ϵһʸ񽫼ߣѵλУҲǵΨһﵽڵʿ
Ȼֻ򷨾ʿЩϡ٣Ҫ֪չҲһ飬֮ǰǿҲǽѡ
ڣַĻͷѵ϶Ǵﵽһڣ¥սһǴﵽ˴󽫾ʮˣڽĽ߸ǧһжǲһʱзչĶѡ
̨Ѿʱ䣬ʱѾڳϵ˶ѾǽʮǿʹҲԻһʯĽ
һԱȣһѪڣսһһս꣬˫츳õʮһʱ侹Ȼս˸ƽ֡
ʱճͻȻһԪӰͻȻճǵϷ
˭ѵϵһʱ䷢ˣ˲̧ͷ
һڣҲַˡ
ַ棬кһƺҹ˴
Ȼһ಻ַһƺҹӢۣǷʱǺܿ챻˳
ˢˢˢ
һĽǿ߶ַӭȥȻǶַĳַԵĹףȴǺȻķΡ
ַ档
ַ棬ڻˡ
ӭȥѵȺַ˴кȻкѩȥˣϴʱǶ򸾼棬֪˵ݷǱѰ
ս¥޵ַҲһһǰ
ַ棬Ҿ֪Сٴγ־ֻ˴һû뵽㾹ȻôǿˡսɤӺ
ոѾѯʹˣַ棬һƺҹҲ˾ŷڣڵǿ˷Īˡ
Ҳ̶һ࣬Ѿ󽫾ˣҴ˲ٷֻҪ츳ֱӰŷҲû⡣ַǺЦЩһȷʵǼ˿ĵ顣
ַ棬Сһƽ㡣һͷɫͷ¥ǰ΢΢͹Ķʾ׼ݡ
ǺǣСٶͦ˭ҵްַЦŵЦ
ҹ¥ĸҲǼãͬǰʵǰСô˵ͽˣ֪֪ء
¥ҸЦţս
ǺǣǻģС˵ҹҲҪģʱһ𣬽һСģٺ٣㶮áսµ˵
ַһ¾ˣ϶˷ʩòλӳɻˡ
¥޸սЩ⣬֮Уַʶ˵ʱսһֱ¥۸ս֮սΪ¥ش˵ĸѿʼ֪оͷչ˰顣
ʵʱ򣬾ҹΪ¥ϲַģֻ¥ԼַϲͰһ¡
ַǸ˺̤ʵҲ׽ӽˣٵ¥ϲһǳһĶİȫСǾʱսĹϵҲҪȸַܣֻΪС۸սģûѡ
õѽַ˶ǱԼףͬʱҲԼҪҹСزĻ˳
Ϊʱһƽʱûʲôѣַ׼һһҲϣһμӻ΢һЩ


2 
ʱͬգַڵѾֻڽߵ˾֪һЩȨµ⴫£ַѾ˵ľ
˵ҲţϾַΪȷʵǾ˵򣬷Ļǿ´ǱȺѪսӯӯȴ󽫾ԣǵ޷ܵĴˡ
ַҪϢһȥͬ졣
ֻǻĹһǰͬˣŷ˵ǣǷĵš
ǰĻʵѡҲôŰɣַеһƵ˿ɳϿŵӣҪǰĸоû뵽еĵ̨ڲԼ¼ԼϢ
лźһƺҹĽܣСزĹܵһȺһƺҹܵĸࡣ
ַЩ֮ôһΪǿ󣬵Ĺֺ߲õ˼ǸģӦΪСزһơ
Ȼһֱ˹Ĺ£˵ͨˣһЩ߶һҪĵϿҪ´ȥǹһЩϿ˼롣
ЩǵصĹ汨Ǻ׵Ľ󲿷˶Ŀ뵥ʶϡ
УСزŴ۾òΪһֻ˵СƵĻ棬Сزĵ
塭

ַһѾ˵ӰŮŮվǰߣһڰ壬Ǹװ·ֳβϱдǲ÷
ͻɴˣȥһ¡ַɳվ˵һȥ
ҲһȥСزһ±Ų˹ȥ
һƺҹҲվǰߵĺһƿ˵һȥɣֱһ¡ﲻûԸĸġ
ַͷҲãֱӽˡ˵Ѿ˳ȥ
⣬ŮЩţַ߳һЩӿˡ
ַǲ÷ԱΪƵĻɴѾáѾԼ֪ûʱ䣬Ȱķһ¡ŮУոûаһλŮǿż˵
Ǿ鷳ˣȽ˵ɡַţŵ΢Ц˸ơ
ַ׺ǲ÷Աƽ˸ַ߽ڣӽ±ֱ˳ȥʣŮһɴȡ˳
ǲ÷Ա£ַͺһһԹԵķΡ
˵ĻɴͬСزĻɴƫ򴿽ɰһɫ΢ɵĻɴеʹҹһɫɴƤ뵭ɫĻɴӳԵøˡһƵĻɴԸ߹ķ񣬰ɫĻɴϴŽɫ˿ߺͰߣż࣬һִ߹ĸо
ۣƯ
ֲͬĻɴŮԸʶĳ˳˶ʮ⣬ַ涼Ի۾Ա޲ͣ
ʱ䣬¥սһãַõѣҲһ𲢼ƴսѣַٰ֮ǰһЩעǰ֪
ȻַһѾһλ飬Ǵ˲ûой񣬶еһЩȴ֪֮٣ʱս¥һһ˵ʱý黹鷳
ȴˣǧĴͳףҪ潲ǽһܳüˡ
⻹󣬻ഫͳĻ֮򻯶ɵ·ףѾǱȽϼ򵥵ˣҪǷŵʮǰطķ׶ͬģĵطҪʱɣǲ鷳ء
ʱ䣬һ׼ˡ
һַһƣҹСز˽ӡ
賿ӣ컹δȫصǾѾ˯˸ֱһҹδߡ
ȫеĽ߼е˻ľУеȻҲǰͬˣԼŷ˵Ľߣ˽Ͻ߻һЩַйɵ⣬˶Ծ֮ͣ⡣
ϾڵĵϣѾ̫ˣԭĻôһȣԵ̫СˣֻһЩȽݵ˲ʸڡ
ôûнţ¥ΪһŰλߣЦʵ
λǺһڻʶƼƼַսʱָԱ棬ҲǾˣַ̣ǴĽͬʱҲǾЩţʱͬĿתλҪϽŵı顣
ЩʧǣȻһƺҹı΢ЩȻǲûпرŵӣСزһȸԾڴӡ
¥˲ипԪ˧ʾǿۡ
˵Ѿλ
˹ͬ䵱˾ǣһֻ񣬴ַһһĴŻĲ࣬Ƿֱλ
鳵սӿ㣬鳵;ĵ·ԣվ˳ǣҲӱᱻΪĳգµ˽ڣǻգǲΣڵϵÿ˵һֵףӡ
ӭ
Ȼμӻ˶һЩǻ̻ǰջĵĴͳףͨһĽšӭ´ʣָϹȽơһ·Ѿȥˡ
ɵʱ϶һƬ
һƺҹУҲѾҸˮ񾭴ִСزһֵĸо̲סứ˳

ֵһȥˣ컹δ𴲵ͨѾס˯ȥһЩǾҪǿĶ࣬ȺĻš
ǲûиַʲôرĽ飬ΪһߣǱȱ˸ЩвǶôĿ£Ҳٶ漣˵Ƕַĸм֮ҲΪŨ
뿪ģڶǾסճǣֻм
ǣַŻ߽Լķڡ
ַ档ѩЦſڣҿǰززˣҪŮܵίҿĲ㡣
ַһЦİɣ裬һúչġ
ǾͺáѩЦת˵ȻҲ߰ɣҲ붴ˡ
ַһ죬һƺҹҲЩɬĵͷ
Ҳһ뿪ɣʱҲˣһ죬ϢɡѩҹĸҹҲͬվ˵
ϲӣҹ̬Ҳ࣬ᣬŮҲǿϲĳ̸һΣ⿪˴СγɵĽᣬҹҲʮһ¶˷ĵЦݡ
ԭֵķУתֻʣλˣַ濴һƣֿҹٿСزȴЩΪˡ»֮ҹ׸øĸһ𶴷أһ⡣


3 
ôˣһƼַԥǰ̲סʵ
⡭ַ治֪ô˵˰죬һģֱ˵ҪȻԼɣ˭Ƚ
СزգŴ۾ʵΪʲôҪȺһȥ𣿡
һƺҹЩ죬ȻڵĻĴ˶ûһһ޵ķɹ涨һ뵽˯һ𣬶ҵȻܻҪ̹ٶһЩŮĺһƺҹﻹЩĸоġ
رǺһƣ֪ȻҪʲôķɿ죬ǰǸַ˾ͺܽˣֶˣǲ֪ôźˡ
ֻһɲǵ£һƺҹǺܿͻָ˹˻һۺǴһ붴ɡ
شַЩĿɿڴٵͬʱȴҲ˼Ŀԡ
ͬǰҲû붼ûϾַһϸĵˣôӸ˼ԼںЩ˵ĸܣһ𶴷ַ濴ЩҲǺ˸¡
ΪЩ飬ûۿĻ׻׽һЩģǵȵ濴ˣĸо϶ҲǻָоͬġַûĸŮǿۼԼ˸Ů˯һ޶Եġ
ô죿ַ˼ŶԲߣͬʱԸʮŷʿҪΪѵĶࡣͷϺˮˡġ
һġ³ʱĴ뷨ǰɵϣҶһ𹲻ѹģ֮ĸ鲻ƽ˿ȵģ˵ʵСҹСزôɫͬʱȢǣҲǸеʮֽһֻˣҲôġ
ҡһƴҲûѡ𣿾Сز¡챻ƭȥˣԺ֪»֮ҹѡСҹϲ˵Ҳ϶᲻İɣ
һƵĻ˵ַȥˡ»ϲӣ޳һơҹСزҲǲѡ񰡡ѡ˭һˣ˷ġ
ѽ߰߰ɣôˣ˼һҪ붴šСزŲЩֱǰַ־Щ²õ·ȥ
ߺһƺҹһЦ٩Сز֪ȻҪʲôôż
Сز֪ʲô£һ֣ĵ˵ҵȻ֪趼˵ˣ붴ĺö෽̸ء
⻰һڣǺһƺҹַ涼Ǻһѣ˼ǲһɶķǿǰڵġ
ôһ룬ַ鷴Ƿ˲٣Դһ붴Ҳô࿼ǣư͵ľͱСز˷䡣
ʵϹСز˵ЩȫˣѩȻСزö෽ǲЩļɣͨ˫ȶпеķҲͨ˵˫֮
֮ͨ˫޿Լ˴˵ٶȣһЩҲҪƽʱ׵Ķࡣʵ֮Ի⵽ߵķ׷Ϊһ㣬ֻҪ֮ѪĻҪ޶ץߡ
һںܾ֮ǰѩ޵˵ַʿĿõıرһԣΪ޲ϡ٣ȫŮԣҲֻԽ߽˫ޡ
ڷ紫֮УѩҲǿ˫޵ķʽڱȽ϶̵ʱģ˵ĻʱҪ౶ʵܹнճɾ̶ܴͣ϶ǵѩĳ˫ޡ
һ㣬ַȴǴû˵ġ
ʱַվڵƹⱻʮֻ谵·С
ʹϣԧŵĺɫ±ߣѩ׵Ľڻš
ַ˼ںݺ³һˢһ˺Ѹ⣬·սһ㣬һƱӴβ˽ȥ
߽ȣ˿ļӴʱַȤһ±һݣ˫һţֱӽȫ§˻
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ֱֲͬ˵ĿзرСزһ߿Цţһ߻ҲֻץַĴְԼСϱߣǿջ
ַһѽƷ´ʱ˵ȫ¶˻谵ĵƹ¡
Ůֲͬķ飬ξժʱ˵ַ棬»Ҳ̲סġҪңǱҵġַôһ䣬Ѿźһѹ˹ȥ
Ϊַİˣ¶ʴҲӦȵģҺһо飬Ըͷʾá
һַôģѾܲǲЩ޳ˣȫԼ˸оһ߾۸źһƣһ߻ڷֳҹСز
δµŮ¾ͱŪĻ飬ַѹĺһƣһˡ
һƺܿ쿪ʼģַڵ㺹죬ߵҹСҹңҲˡ
ҹʱ˫룬һƵĻδзӦ͸еַѾԼϡ
ʶĵֵһ£˫ֳַ͵ؼϣʱøӻ̲ͣס˳ַѾͷȥʣµȫ
ҹļ׵ľޣַǵԼһҹȫռʱǷҲֻʧİһ𪣬û뵽ܹóԸˡ
ַһοҹƬһεܰҪ顣ַʱŹСزȫȫ̷ҹ˫˿Ửļϻ߱ȫһĲϸǱÿһ缡˽ܵĵطҲŹ
ţַ桭ҡҹѾΣһһУֻԼ˶ֻҪ۰Լ±ɷ飬Ҳϧ
ַȻ㲻鳡֣ҲһЩ飬ĶʱᣬʱֱңһҶۣҹĿУһһòϢСʱҹѾ̱
һĸоϻܹܣȴҲѾΪˡ
ˣˡַҹ뿪ºİѾָѵСزȲǰ
Ųô߲ˣֻǾøղַԼĸоδйоոַȫȫڰҹһʱûй˼ɵѾܼ尾ʱҹѾõ㣬ʹ˹ȥ
һƴʱѾָһЩŲŲӣмλøСزոյʤַ滹δüһ㱻Сزϣһɬǡ
ǺǺǡһƿĵЦַɣ㿴Сزġ


4 ˫
ô˵ţһƵȴЩˡɲҹѾйξĺһⷽĳҪҹǿö࣬ʱ̲ס͵͵ţȻСزԼǲٸַһΡ
ַ汻СزסкЦͬʱҲеֵҸôгĽδ뵽ģʱг˶λӵŨŨǶĸм
СزĶʮֱ׾ַҲԼӣ۵ͷ󺹲˵һӲ䷨ǵСزһꡣ
Сزѩ̲ǽ̹ôܲԱߵĺһЦŵ٩
СزСͨ죬ȴǲ䣬һַϺһ˵ֻûԹѣҺܿͻŪõġıǵַͺһƶǹЦҹҲ̲סЦ
СزиŬַҲǱûȣҲٶֱһѹ£ʼٵĹԵء
ַַСز˲֪ٱ˫촽Сزÿһ缡ιص࣬׻ҧջ󣬺ܿСزС
Ƴǰַ֮ڿʼ˽Ϊһ֮ʱͻȻһص˽ӵĵطһ´ַ嵱С
ô£ַЩ棬ͬʱһ͡
ȻʮֵǿԼ֮㿪ʼϵܻܻȻܱʮϰٵķ򣬶ûֹͣļ󣬻ڼ
šоַͣ٣Сزĺһַӭ
ַ淢־СزһǹܻٶȾȻǱ࣬ԼĿһһļܻš
Ѿ̶ֳȣַ㲻֪ô¡Ҳܹ뵽Сزйˡ
ллַ̲סҧСزĶ˵
±ߵСزǹһ˿۵Ц⣬
ʱӳȫתΪ֮Сزַ֮侹ȻǼһµ֮Ϊģ˫ڵ뷨ǻཻ빲ͬš¡ַ淢ԼҲǲ˷ĿСȻǴǰδйܣ˳У԰Ρ
ַΪܹͬʱλͬʱ»֮ҹǿûͷţǴʱȴоԼȻЩֲסˡ
ַڼֲסͺͷŶ
Сز˫۽ĲַϣҲǷһ޷ܵҸ
һΪܣָоȻǵһξµСزԼġ
ַ档Сز̧ͷˮĴ۾ַҵ˫֮ϲ𣿡
˫ַ֮һʣЩ뵽ʲôһ񿴵СزڴĿ⣬ַһЦ˵ȻϲǷǳϲ
ַĻشСزĵĿЦȻûƭԼ˫֮Դ˫ΪҶ֮ĸҲһܴȹãСزȻ񾭺ܴ󣬵ǴʱַһĨϧɫȴܹóģеĵġ
һƺҹҲ˫֮ʣʱҲͬʱһһҵĴ˹
ʱַСزһ𣬺һƺҹмһգֳ֮ξͺǺһƺҹڽΧַСزһǵַΪΡ
ںһƺҹʱûпǶСزЦСز˵˫֮ô°ղŰַԵ̶ֳȡǲҲ̽ѽɲҪ˽Ŷ
򷨾ʿĸож񣬾ʱҶûжκΪĸоҲǸоַСزղŵ״̬Ƕô档
ַΪͻȻߣ˾ȻΪһ壬˫֮以ཻΪͼӰšַСزõ״̬ŮΪĽ˵Ǹոû㣬ֻǵУַĿֱԼĿֻҪҪԵСزոյıֺ˶޷ˡһ˹Сز˫֮顣
Сز޹ĿˣС˵Ҳ˵ѽֻ˫֮޶еΪʵԭ򣬱ѧҲûʲôõİ
Сزǲѵģ𰸣һƺҹЩȻ
ζѧ𣿡һƲĵʵ
СزҡͷظѧᣬѧҲûõģΪֻ޵ʲſ˹֮Ϊʹ˫֮˿ñ˴˿һЩûʲôôˡҵĴмУȻҲʹ˫֮Ƕǽ˫֮зµģ㡣
СزмıúһƺҹĵȻɶôأҪ̵Сز䣬СزĴǴΪϲ̵ֽʱӺ˶ȲСز˫֮ʹá
ûõѽСزΪǲģҪʵһ£ĵٴһ䣬Ͳסһƺҹ˵ľֻý˫֮˶ˡ
ַһֱԾۿŮĶȴǼ֣Щ˱Ե뵽ԺһƺҹҲѧ˫֮Լһ˶Ը᲻Щ
Ͼ˸𰸵Ļᡣ
Сزʹֱ֮ӽ˫֮˺һƺҹ˲Ѿ֪ʹãϾҪַһԡ
ʱַ滹Щδ͵ͷͬ⡣
ǣոƽûжķٴη˵

ʱҴţתѾǰȥ
ַһСزҹת򣬲ۻתÿһ羰ĵطͣפ㣬Ƿһȥ͡
ǵڣΪҸ۵¡
ֵһǣַСزͬʱڣַͨڷ紫֮صõʱƬͬʱ̤ƽڵľ硣
Ҫ֪˶ΪģҾ˫ޣַҲλͬʱУƫУֱȫУûпȥСز˫ǾַСزȻɼ޵˫ǶôΪˡ
ֱַʱѩʱΪʲô˵һûڣԼζסСزˡ
Աߣַʹԭʼķտʳǰںߵ㣬ҲûʲôֱַӴľϼ
ַ棬ôСǶѾתˣȥѽСزŴ۾ǰɫĿ㣬Եַѯʵ
£һٰʮ죬ַÿ춼ỻһطϸϵĿĵأȻͨһһ죬ڵҹڶȥһٰʮȥһٰʮطľ㶼ת˸飬ȷʵûʲôĵطˡ
ȥɣ̽ôַشСزԼ˴𰸣ָλãͻȻü
ףô


5 Խʱյľ
СزĻַ̧ͷһȻ϶һ
⡮Сһߵֻ࣬ȫĺɫڵҹջҪϻ֣ڵɫҹĻҲܹһ۾Ϳĵز
Լ䣬ַ濴ɫ֮һдڣеڲһ˵Ӱ
ಣಣ
Ӱһѩ
֣裡ַվͻȻˣûһ⡣
ôѩʵ˲ܹȥκεطַϵķ򲨶ôǿңǲûп⶯ãҲ㹻ñ̽ĵοΪ˷ֹͻȻִԼ˵ĳΣַ΢΢ͷųһ˿֮鲼ΧһֻҪǽϵĽ߶׵ĸӦַڡ
ѩոյ㿴ַ滹СزŮһ̧ͷ죬ʱҲѾϡı仯Ǽ򵥶ֱӵ˵ַ棬ûиоǸɫЩŹ֣
ַ淢ֺɫʱЩʱĻϸϸӦȻǸɫ֮ϾȻɢһЩϤϢͺ
ַͻȻһ£æʵѵ󡭡
ѩҲҡͷ˵Ҳ󣬵дӦȷʵɣ̺ʱռķ֮ǵ
ô˵ַһκԪ֮ûйϸ𣬿˵ȫܻںһǸɫ֮оȻʱռ䷨ڣ˾ȡ
ȹȥһ°ɣʲô仯Ҳѩʱˡ
Ϊ룬Ͼ޷ֿĻ˿ߣǵ͵ϵʮҪˣǼǵʵΪǿļˡǲȥ˸ȥˡ
ַʱȻҪͷġļ硣ȥ۲Դ
Сز£һƺҹһȥճǣַǺ໹ѩһɳ̫գźɫɿӽ
ֱ㣬ַ漸˲ŷ֣ľǿŻҪԶࡣҲ˵ĴСҲϲ١ʱĽӽζԽԽŨǺɫекӰҲڱ
ǡ
ԽԽӽַѩѾȫɫģȻǰһĻȴľԸӡ
һ޴ģͬȴСʱ֮֮Уʾһͷ׵ģ
ѩͷŵʱ֮ͬǰʱ֮޴ޱȣоѾȫʱ֮ǿЧַʱȴǾ˾κһ㣬þòƽ
ַ棬販ʿڿģ2054꣬ũ¶ʮͷŵʱ֮ǵһμ棬һû뵽ַʽİɣʱ֮еӰ΢Ц˵
2054ꣿڲ2051꣬ѵӰδַ뵽ֻףǰ販ʿ˵ľǻͨ2054ҲӦǵϵĹԪʱ䣬컹һʱ䡣
·ַ֪ʱܸӣ˵Ҳһܹ販ʿͣʮӵʱſʼ˵
֪Ҹո˵ĺͽҪ˵̫ãѾԽƽʿĽܷΧûʱϸĽ˵Ϊҵάֹᴩʱյʱ֮ҲʮѣұҪ˵ԣһҪϸΪϵ֮Ĵڻ𡣡販ʿı࣬ûһĻֱӿʼ⡣
ֻʱ֮У販ʿһſʼ˵2013괺һУõһöĳоƬоֲԼ壬öоƬİʼ˷Ľ֮á
˶ʮʱﵽԪ˧ڣҸϵͳʾʱ򴩳һͨʱճ涴￪ʼһ׶εĽʱҲֽ֪ΪʲôΪֻһͨоƬ֪Ԩ·ðߡ
󼴽峯ݣҪˣ
鲩ʿͳʱðѾȥֻ꣬ʣߵĿƼевһЩ¼ƬΡ鲩ʿ̨е޸һЩŵõϡ
̾Ϣһ˵̨еļ䴢У֪飬ͬڿԭסЩ񻰴˵̨е¼ĸΪƣȴҲͬ
ĴսȥһҲǱɷӡɽ֮£һʱ񡣡
ǾڵԪ2000ҵʱ䣬𱻷ӡɽµ˸յļ󡣵õһϢΪ󾪣֮໹ϻǨŭǣǿʼƴǰһҲ塣
ΪйͳľһֱڹעȺķչһ֣⵽干ͬĴѹûа취ÿһĳֶۣ޷˶Ŀĺ£޷ɾֻܷչһ·ҲǿƼ
ǻģϵͳоƬҲʱ򿪷ġһʱ䣬ϵͳܹõռֽΪףƫƫʱõյϢϢĺΧˣֻðΪǵŵѡҲܵĴˣӽûж೤ʱȥˡ
֮ǰӦ˵ӽڣƴȫǿдһͨʱзµĳϵͳ˹ϣϵͳɿԿɡ
˵販ʿͣһ£Ȼһת˵Ҫһ£еĳϵͳоƬΨһһöʱðµʱʱ䷢ͻģΪѾͨͨڹҸԭסǵұ֤ȫ赲סǣԽϵͳоƬǰ㣬ϣܹʱ䷢չ2054ʱ彵٣ӵһսʵ
ʮʱﵽ˺ڣӵпҪӽΪŸһʱӦ㹻֮ϵľˡ
ҵĴڣѾʱгʧˣΪͨʱϢƷصƻΪΪ˸Ĵ۾ǹҵĹȥȫĨɱﵽ̽𾳽ʱܹףܹ뵽һжǿܷģľ㹻ʱȫȥһС
ʱ販ʿ˵ѾʼЩģǰľ޴ʱ֮ҲʼЩļ
販ʿҲһ㣬ٱ˵Ϊϵͳе߼ѾõˣĽ֮·࣬ѾΪ㲹˲ٽԼĽ޸˳ϵͳǰתģʽ뽱ݣϣܹ
Ҫִϵͳİ񣬵ֿ硭ġԡ
һʱ֮ʧźһɫͻȻΪ޾Ԫɢ̫֮С
ַ澲ԭأƽԼôʱĳоƬȻ鲩ʿҲǳϵͳзߣԼ֮ǰһγϵͳˣѾﵽ˺ڵʿԼǿ
ϢȷʵҪʱ
ղ˵ĳϵͳеǼţͻȻʵѩַĳϵͳ仯̬һƺҹҲѾʶַĳϵͳˡ
ַһصǵģ֮ǰϵͳһ̬Ӧþո˵ľĽģʽɡ
ЩʱУַҲźһһƼ츳Ż֮ڣߵĽͬҪܵõ
ַֻѾҪƼ츳ľ磬Աûȥ˷ʱȥЩڿĽϵͳӦþŻģʽý߽ԼѡʺԼȥɣһŻһ׶ΣɴԿһ׶
ֻΪеཱѾ販ʿã鲩ʿҲַѡԲŽģʽԳ齱ַ淢Ȼ˵ǳ齱ʵϵͳھ齱ĹٴɸѡʺַĽĽǸַ浱ʱҪȡȡ
ַһֱϣõϵͳоƬǽ֪ȴһ㶼ûзĸо
ϵѹ̫ˡ
ո˵оƬͻ˰֮ǰҲǵϵĹԪ1954꣬ʱַӦûûдڰɣ뵽һ⣬ֱ˳
ַһ㶣뵽ȷʵô£˵ַ壬ǰԼҲ1985ųġ
ҵʱоƬֱԼУǾתۣűԼУʱ̣Լըҩȥ֮껹Խʮ֮Ҳ˵販ʿȡİʱ䵽ɹֻаѡ
Ҳʱմ͵ʱ˱ʣϾ̫죬Ӧͷ̫ɣԤδǰҵĴмҲмأҪķѼΪܿĳһʱĳһͼҲֻҵַĴڣȫ֪ıʡѩϸ͡
ʵ販ʿûʱðҲ޷ӵеΪǿƼΪðЯĻȴǿһ㣬鲩ʿʱŽϵͳоƬݻصġ
ǾȡɵҲǲֱӽ販ʿĨɱȻǹһй¼ˣҲ˵ʱѾϿˣȫƾǿΪдš
ַ඼ǵͷһǰˡ
ؼǾ2054ѾֻʣˣΪʱմͳ⣬ʱ˼ʱ䣬ַҪ𾳽൱ˡ
ҪץʱȥԨ·ˣʱ䣬֪ܲܽ𾳽硣ַ
販ʿʮʱŽԪ˧ַȴǲʱ䣬һʱϢ½ڵƽڣƶϣʣʱ䣬ַ滹л̤𾳽ġ
ҺҲˡѩһߵ࣬εЦ
ҲǹһЦսսȤһ𲢼սҲͦ𣿹
ѩݸһЦһȭ㲻˵Ļȷʵͦģ룬Ǵ㲻Ǳ˴ޱңͻۡ
һ±µ
˼黰ڣȴǽΧһЩַҲЦ˲١
ַ˵֣裬ǻڼϢɣôʱˣϵʿڹҲӷ紫֮سˣƽڵʿӦв٣ǵһʲô飬Ҫǿ룬Լһȥ̽Ԩ·ȥҲ١
üҪ˵ȴѩѾͷ˵ҲãǾڵźˣԼҪСġ


6 Ԩ·
ѩεȴһ¾ַ֮ڵʵȻǿ󣬵ǷŵԨ·ȴʮֵͨˣȷʵûзȥɵıҪ
ؼǣĿʿΪûӴԶǲûʲôøУлǰǺЩ޻Ϊһ࣬ʱһѩȥԨ·һø˷ִȺ֮Ӷûطӵġ
˼άȽϴֲڣһʱ벻ЩȴҲһ㣬һʲô鶼ѩ⣬ʱѩһ˵㲻ٿˣǵͷַ˵ȻѾˣǾɣ׼ʲôʱߣ
ַڰɣʱȣһȥ˵һߣȻҲ޷ġ
ô˾˱㿪ʼظϣܿص
Сزһѯַ浽׷ʲôַ򵥵ĽոշСز˵һ飬˾Ѿճǡ
ʱеĽϽ߶ѾճǵĹ㳡ϵˣͷѵϵĴ°ȴַ漸˹߳ĸ˵Ӱӭȥ
ַǽոոСز˵Ļȫظһ飬ԼóϵͳоƬҲ˵˳Ѿ׳ϵͳûбҪôˣǰ֮ҪΪ֪ôͣ鷳һҲ˵Ŀӡ
ַѾƽڵʿʵǿƽʿ֣ȻǲҪôǡ
ַ滹ûнԼǴʮ괩Խ˵Ͼ˴ţûҪ˵
ַ棬ҸһȥɣСز§ֱַۣ
Сַ̬ȼҡͷѽȻΪܸߣս̫ˣڼҹúѧЩսɣ̽Ԩ·ٴһȥ
Сز첻˵ˣҲԼһƿһսжҲܷһЩã̽Ԩ·Ӻܾ֮ǰѾƽʿ䣬ôΣյĵطȥǾͺѷãпܻҪΪտˡ
ûʲô׼ַʱѹܴҲûжԺһƼ˽˼䣬ԼռеʱƬͷʲôȫֱӷ̫նȥ
Խ涴սһ·ͨһЩСͳ涴ϵٶȽӽǣʱַΪΪǣֻһʱϵ˿ǣԨ·ڴ
һԲεֱǧľ޴ӣס
ǧʿػǾԨ·ڶʮֵңԶΪԨ··ǲʱĴþ΢ЩͺױȥûдﵽƽڵʿһԨ·ʹû
ַзɹһɽ˲ֱӽٵԨ·Ϸ
ǰʱһʿ·׷
ַƽΪʿıʮֹǾʩһ˵֪ǰĸɷԨټ
ʲôԨټַ΢΢ü
ʿַĻش󣬲ûκβͣϸΪ佲ԨټãԨ·֮£ŨƽڵʿҲѵֵ⼸ʴµʿѾʮ֮ԨټļλƽǰòԨ·֮ھ򵽵һЩϧƶɣԵֿżЧÿһλܵټƽʿȡһԨټЩЩǰ֪㣬ֱ֮ӽԨ·Σգڴʾһ£ǰҪԨ·ȥǾȡһ°ɣԱߣò˶õġ
ַŶһʿ˵ллֱһ뿪ŶԷָķǰȥ
׵ģȻַڵΪһܹ˵ԼǶһ㱣ûġ
ռؼľԪڣʿǻæµţַһرӭΪ·
ڵĿǲȡвҾʥؿ֮󣬴ʿǽƽڣʱֵԨ·ЩʿѾĶַЩ˵̽Ԩ·ܵ˼еӭģԾһЩʶҲʮ顣
ַһµǼǣھһȡһԨټ
֮¾ҪΪ˷ֹ󣬺ܶ˻֪˭޷ͻعϾྻʿķס
ٴηԨ·ڣûᣬֱַӽӺڶֱ֮ΧѾĿһ˿ߡ
ڰĻӰַĹ۲죬ϾڵʱѾԾͨڰַѾƽʿںڰиܵκεӰоҲƽռûʲô
ַ滹Ϊб·ȻĽ˵Ľۼ
һ͵ʯ׳·Ӷ£ϸ̨ÿһǧ׳ʮ׿߶ȴֻʮ๫ֳ״죬ڽ֮ĿմһŨ
ַ淢ЩڽӽԼ߲Զ֮ᱻԨټд⣬ֻкʴѶԼʲôӰ졣
ţʲôַһѾֱ·Խ룬ͣһƶһĵط
һЩ
ַڶһѣմ˲͸ճҺ΢΢һζϸоЩʹǱϡһĸоϸ۲ӦһϷڳճҺ
ԵĴ򶷺ۼѾˣδ֪ʬҲû£ַ濴ԱߵʯϻѪҺλʵҲǲС
ʱ˵ЩƽʿѾľ룬൱ֲһξ룬ξΣѾ˻ûаȫϵвַ㲻ٽǰֻǼо񣬿·ȥ
Խ£ԽŨѾӵʯϣַĸеԼϵԨټѾЩ֧Ųסĸод͸Ԩټķַֽ塣
ƽۿںƽЯ˫޴ޱȣȫַƣֳַһСߵ
ѹûдﵽƽڱ޷ЩҲ㹻ɱµʿˣƽʿ˵вǲġַţѾ½ʮ
·ѾоһЩԪĲĵطΨһпܳԪĵطֻƽʿǴԼЯԪȻ·ƽڵʿʹԪ
ʱַͻȻΧġѨöѪδ֪ڵճҺҲǼʯס
´ԼʮͿ׷ЩʿַҪٴμ٣ͻȻһʯڡءһ鿪һҰɫģһһ䶯ŵƿĶѨ֮˳
ۣ
Ұɫĳ𣬸Ѹٵһ䶯һճҺĿʮֻǵճҺʱַоһΣյĽӽ
ߣַ۾΢΢־ŵֻӳƺһһƾҪǰճҺķɣ˳Žķڵء˭֪ǿľŵ͸ճҺӴһ˲侹Ȼʼȡĸʴ
ʲôַ𾪡
ŵȻ͸ճҺҲǱʴĲӣֱӾͱʱҰɫĴһճҺ³ɢһŴȻǴҪԼߡ
٣ȻǻַۡЦһηʨӡ˫˲ǰһһƣʱһͷ޴Ļƽʨӷ˶
ﵽƽںηʨӡҲǴﵽ˴ɾ磬ʱĻƽʨѾʵʣһʨ˻Χռ䶼һݡ
еճҺδٽͱһʨ˷飬ΪɢһգŻƽʨѾ˵˻Ұɫĸǰһצ¡
͡һ׶೤ľצ֮£ҰɫֱӱĳϡãӵķǼ
ַһ֣۳ɵĻƽʨӼԵһתͷŵŵŵŸȥַһʬս統УŸڻƽʨӵĺ߼롣
أأأ
һ·£µĶѨ忪һЩֱӵʯϣַǰֱӾճҺʿǾʱѾȫ˸ɾֻǱԼһ·³ȥ
ò˵Щ³ճҺȴǾ޴۵Ļƽʨӷʮǿַ֮ҪǿڱʮֻճҺʴ󣬾Ȼֱ۲סַܹסһճҺ⡣
ַȻǲӲƴһɽٶȫԶܵճҺܼһҲûйϵַֻڲ̫ͨΪһЩЩʿǷ·Ǳʲô赲ʱַĸӦ·ڽżΪҵĴս
ַվԭأ߻ƽʨػüٶʮƽʿսʮֻδ֪ʮӣʤ


7 
ַĸӦ֮У·һٶƽڵʿ뼸ֻδ֪սƬ֮Ѿɱˡ
㣬ַʮֻδ֪ʱ򣬾ʿһҪȥʮˣ⻹ǽЩܹһֱػϵķʽȥ˽ࡣ
ʱһһȥַϣʮͷ֪Ĺ޹Ȼڶʮ߷ӵʱűɱʱʿһҲ˲أٶƽʿʮȥ
ʱַȴ·ҵַ֮ĸ֪Уʮͷ֪ĹһȾ޴ŻȻ򿪡
ַ΢ͣһ£о·ӦѾûΣգǼӿٶȣŻǰÿһӰʧŻڵĺɫ֮С
ַҪ̽ɫϺߣȴ⡣ʱոմսĶٶƽʿȻûһͣԭؽѾȫŻ֮С
ʮͷ޵ʬȥľʿʬҲȫߣֻʣһصǽ壬һ޴ʯϱ߿дĸζ֡
ƽԭ
ַһ˳ʶʯϵ֣ĸֺҲͲ֣һַ﷽ʽַֻǿ˼
ַϸΧûзʲô쳣ҪŻ֮Уȴֱɫϸ赲⣬޷롣
ǣַ뵽ϵͳҪᣬѵǽĹؼ
ϸߵľʿ֪Ԩ··ŻַõϢҲǺܶ࣬ǴϢУַȴҲ˲⡣ϵͳҪһһ˴֮󣬽Ǵ󽱳ȡʱҲҪ߲ƽԭ֮ɣôҪȻΪ˻òƽԭ֤ͨˡ
ΣҪжǷˣַתϷȥ۲ΧȻոûпĵط
ͬһѨЩѨȴЩ򿪵ĶѨΪ޽ɡ
ΪѨС湰ĶѨСʮֽӽոַ½ʱٶһԸûзֶѡ
ЩѨÿһŻڣеĿҲеǷգַһĶѨھǧ׵Ĺ֮һƬտľ޴󷿼䣬һ
ַɨһۣûзκ쳣תȥǵߵſڴʱȴͻȻͣǺ󷽵λһ۵ĺۼͫ΢΢
ף
ַǰ˼ۼǰ
źλϣѪָӡѪӡģ˽֮󣬷ڵΣպҪ룬ȴ˹ߣӲȥƴץµĺۼ
ԣӦýйսʬĶǱȡ˻ȥ
㲻⣬Ͼʿнȥ֮˷ع簲ϰףһͬȥȻ˻ֽȥ
Ԩ·ЩҰɫҲһЩüֵģرǶͨսľʿЩӵԵĲϱ֮һЩϡеĽҲġ
ַһô˵䷿ѾûļֵҲ϶ȡߣֱַ߳һûпŻȥ
䣡
һ֮ηʨӡСɫʨѾһȵĳ˶Ѩڡ
ַ󣬴ǧ׵ǰȻʡ
ַеǣﲢûʲôֻһ֮ƽİڷһᣬڵ׽ģϵζ
֮⣬һȦڿ̡
ַڽûᣬϸĹ۲ΧЩڿҲϸĹ۲һߣ˿ûзΣڣֱʩչֽȡ
˭֪ʱͷŻͻȻءһرգܵһȦڿ̾ȻҲ۾ͬʱַ档
ɱ
һ췢ĿıڿȶĿзʯʵұ۴ǽֱ̽ץַڡ
ַǽ֮׾룬ڿֱ۱ûôģһץȴֱӴ͸˿ռ䣬ִַǰٶȿ쵽ԷӦ
ַ˵ٶȴûµɡ
顣ַһͺȣ־ŵֽ֮󣬱ڿֱֱӱַĳ˷顣
ͬʱַͷŶηʨӡɫʨҲѾ嵽ڿĸǰ͵һ¾ײȥ
䡭
һ̫ˣƽڵηʨӡѾɣһƽʿϣǺʵıɱ֮ڿҲû⣬ֱӱҳ˷顣
ֻ˸еʱ򣬱ڿ̷֮󷽵ǽȴһ㶼ûܵ˺ƽͷ·ûбڿ̴ڹһ
ǽڶǱһӡţǴ޷κνƻַͻȻ뵽ЩҰɫͷŵճҺûǿĽǾȻڴǽڣȴ⡣
ַҲиоЩӦòǱԨ·֮еģǺ˷ֹ˽ĶȻ̬ҲпǵʱµĶôǺٵȴҲǺпڵλɵ˺ȷӡǿġ
ַôһ룬Ȼգ۵ĹΧıڿѾȫ˹
ַɨһۣıڿϰÿһڿ̵ʵȻرǿȽϱԨ·ѹƵƽʿ˵ȴҲǼΪǿĶˡôڿͬʱ֣һƽʿĺѶֿҲ͹ֲڸտʼ̽Ԩ·ʱôƽڵľʿˡ
ַ˵ıڿ̻ǲġ
ƽۼַƽںƿķ磬˫طһ˲ռ䣬ֱӽڿ̳׿С
飡
ַһͺȣһܼʯͷһٶڿ̾Ȼ⣬ȫֱӱ˷ĩ
ˢ
ַ˫طȴûʲô֮ɫȻոһͽڿȫ飬ַķȴҲ˲٣Ҫ֪ʿ۳֮ǰ籾ǲԶκġһʱڣеҪʿرķʱȥɲС
ַΪƽ۵Ĺϵ֮ںԪ󣬵ǱˣǳĿռ䣬գо޴ִһ֮ÿʹһ֣͵һֵıϡ
ڿ飬ҲѾٴδ򿪡
ַû뿪ǽϵͳռ䡣
ʱʾϣѾаɫĴ֣дŽɣؼںϽᣬַڽںƽʱõĽΪַѧؼϡȱûпںϵĳʼ似Բѹ
һɵ
廷ռɣռ󽱳ȡǷȡ


8 ƽԭ
Ŀ󽱳ȡʸͬһεֱӵռ󽱳ȡҲнƴ󽱡
ȻһǺѣǱˣַȡʱǾŷڣյʱΪ񣬿϶ǼΪѵġ
ϾϵͳʱӦҲûвµַСز˫ޣ˵ϵͳҲ֪˫޵Чô죬ȻڰʱַΪסԲŶôһʱʮѣȴ൱򵥵ˡ
ô˵ַεȷʵǰϵͳҪˣϵͳҲƤĲ˵õĽ
ַѡȡ֮ѾؼŻϱߵת̱㿪ʼת
ȡֻһʽѣǺؼơ
ַȡƣȡе
һ
һɨƽԭռһԹĻǡƿӡؼһݡ
ԽӢ۷صأռʮӢĹɱ¾Ӣӡؼһݡ
أͨءӡؼһݡ
ɻؼ󽱽ݵӡؼһݡ
ַ濴٣Щ̫ˣҪַ֪ڵľŵѾںϹΣηʨӡȴǲ࣬ɼӡؼӦǼΪǿټġ
һ¾͸ӡؼһռؼָʮֵİݵӡޱȡ
ʵַ滹û뵽ϵͳЯĴ󽱽ҪЩҪǿֻ販ʿȡˣΪؼĽֱӷŵԺеģ޷ͻַҪٴλЩǿؼֻܵȵԺٿûлˡ
Ѿȡᣬַٴλص˵ײŻڵĵط
һӴַ͸еԼеЩţַ潫չǰʱϱߵĽɫȫһʯС
ֻЩʯ˽ɫģһֵĹ⻪Ȼಡһַǰγһʮ׸ߣ·ɽһ
ǣովʿΧʮֻδ֪֮һַ󾪡
ͬʱҲ뵽ԭոյʮͷλﲢһֱģӦǾʿῪǰŻʱٻġ
ʱѾͷɽһһֱֱַķ˹
ַһ߶ܣȴһ뵽ÿθӵԶɵĻôÿ˶ܵȫµĹ
ַʱǺһƵˣΪտʼʱַԼǰʱ˲Ϊ·Ѿ˸ɾԺҲӦܹɵ׷õİȫ⡣
ڿôһ£ǰʯȻƾһͷƽڵɽޣôɫ֮ĲԭȵأÿһԵΣնظֵģԼȷʵӦÿһǷһƵһˡ
һƺҹҪƽ̫ˣǽǴ֮УĻԪͷ̶䣬ǾûлҲǸ⡣ַҲ޷
販ʿԽʱյľ񴫻ַ֮Լȱٵľʱ䣬ûлԭͣǰ·һƺҹʱ϶ǲܷõģСزܰæҲ⣬ʱһ·ЩǷǡ
ǣҲԺûôõĻˣַµǼһֿᱻԽԽԶʱľҲϵˡ
䣡䣡䣡
һ޴ײַôŵʱǰɽȴһδηޱϬĹֻӲɽûײַϣȴֱӶΧʯϣôġ
ɽ޵ٶȺܿ죬ַ汻ҲЩˣͷųһηʨӡɫʨӸһֱɽ޾һ𣬷˿־սϢ
ȥַзգĹҲ࣬ηʨӡͷŶתѾǾͷɫʨӳ֡
һֱ·ĻƽʨӴʱɽްΧУϷɱԵĹ
䣬ȴǻƽʨǿʼԱˡ
ԱͷƽʨʧͬʱɽҲǱըĻҷֻ۶ɣһʧȥ֮᳹ɢ
ַһʼΪЩδ֪޵ʬǱʿԷȡˣȴǴ뷨
һ˿ɽ޵ҲɢϣַڿԾú˼Ƿǰ⡣ûһӣ㲻ȥǷǰˡ
ΪǰŻ֮ڣǵɫ֮УͻȻһɾ޴ַҪֿȴԼƽڵΪﾹȻԵôֱӱ˽ȥ
ԭʱЩҲǼ͵ҪڣӦҲǱȥġַֻü뵽ôһ㣬ͷһѣʧȥʶ

ãĴأһƬֺ֮ɫû̫ƲʣֻһŨŨǦƣڵַĺͷɢ
طʵЩѹֻ֣ΪϵģҲ˸оܲϰߣվԭؾ̲סĴŴ
ַո㷢ԼԼһĹ
ûǰַ֮ĵһоһĹĹϱֲָͬԿһ仰еһԨ·ײζһķ֣һ֣ǻķ֡
ַ棬ƽʿ
ؽȣԨ·һزƽԭ
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ƽԭһ벻飬һ顣ͨƽԭĴǵţûй̶͵ص㣬ɱһֻԹߴﵽ𾳽磬޷뿪
Ĺϵַ֣һ¡Ϊʽ̫ϤˣȻһģʽֻεδ֪ĴڷӸ߼ѡ
ַ滹ǵõһκʱԼ˵ɵĴ˵ʱᵽڰܸĺ֮󣬸һսһ翪ٳһµ磬ҲԼ硣Ϊĺ󱲿ɱ磬һԹͬͨ
ֻκԼҲ˵ΪͨԼ׷˽ʱΪ˱ȫʣµѪƴ֮ͨ·ٵˡڿӦƫġ
νԨ·Ӧþͨ·Ϊ販ʿ˵ԼԨ·ðߵġ
֮Ծ߻֮ͨ·ٵĴԣӦҲڵΣһĹϵû˻ߴ߳ȥȻͻ·ٵĴ˵
ַҡҡͷЩֻƶϣ޲ַ˼Ӧ
ĹϵҪɱһֻԹ飬ϵͳҪռһԹĻǣԴҪ߳һٱϵͳнĹϵȴûԱעʲôġ
һɽַ沢û̫ǼѰԹڡ
Ȼ˻ĸãǷǳʱڣҪٵĽҪණҲһֵİȫ
һɽٶȼ죬һ롣Թ鲻֪ǲܶȼ󣬻ַһ߽Թڣʱַ߾ȻþһӶʮֻԹڡ

ʮֻԹͬʱתͷַ˹
ǵ壬ȴʵɣѾһĳ̶ȣΪ̺֮ЩԹҲԷӳ
ΪһصСආЩԹȻҲиո̤ƽڵΪȴǸַɱáηʨӡһʱһƬַֻþŵƾɽԹ
ЩԹ񲢲ǺǿȻǿҲƽڵΪǲӦñȲЩڿﰡַֹ
Ϊ׺ѵԭڻȡǸڣһڿӳʵӦԶԶʮͷԹģ֮ͨ·Ϊĥ徫ӢӦԽĹԽѲǡ
ѵΪַͻȻ뵽ĻþȻѹ֣ȴĴڣȴҲ⣬ڲˡ
ˣߣŨĶ࣬ҵѹƼ󣬶ҲʴЩڿ̺ͻҰɫ棬ʹǵ˺ҲǼӴ࣬һһȥԵıڿڵԹǿˡַȷˡ
Ϊ˸һõͨ⽫ȫ˳ȥԨ·ڵԨҲǵƵľôɱ磬ΪϮʹЩڿ̱˺˶ѡ
Ŷԣ
·֮ͨ·þǲϵĥ˵صʿǿ״̬硣Ϊɱ˶ڵ·ǲ飬ҲӦΪߵĶ־ʹעһɡ
Ԩ·ĴãַӲҪԼİȫԼ֮ͨƽʿǿ֪٣ЩƽڵʿԼӦú⡣
ã±߼٣Щɵһ񣬻һƿӡ˵ַʮ㡣


9 ƿӡ
ߵĺֺɫϣÿһξ붼вٵԹӶЩԹȫ˵ַ̬֣ȴ֪ЩԹ֮вûࡣ
һżȻ֮УַһرǿԹУȡһ˿䣬ЩУַ֪ЩԹǾȻԱһӶӵԹʵһȺƽʿ
֮ȻȫʵǿҪҳһЩƽڵʿȴʮ׵ġرеһЩްȺƵƽʿȺǽڵʿҲҪߡ
ַȻҲǲҵĴȺΪȺ֮УųǿĽɫټϻôƽڵԹȺ֮˭ӧ棿
ַһ·߹;оƽڵʿԹΧ֮£˺˷顣

޴籩ϯڻԭϣַվڷ籩У˫ַ·ֳ˻ӰϵĴ˷ŵֵһоʽóӡϷɣһԹĺˡ
ַڲûдϷ磬ǱӽԹѹС
ԹУһԹѾﵽƽڣзӿʼ
⵱ȻĽܹЩԹڱץʱѾΪˡ
ԹĹʮǿַ治ͷŷʱΪʮֽӽַҲŽȫɱᣬĥԼ
ƽ֮۷ӣҲǽ𵤡𵤵Ĺȴʮ鷳ģӵ㹻Ϊͳķ磬ҪԷԪӵмΪƿ귨ַȡķ֮ڴεȷ򡣻ʹãǲר޷𵤵ġ
ַķѾ죬ΪҲӦǳͨƽʿ࣬ӵ˽׽ڵĻᣬڲֻǶԷԪƿѣŻһЩʱ䣬רսַʹá
ֻӡͬʱڲͬԹϣɵЧҲǲͬģΪַڽͬķھŵС
ʱһһĹȥתѾҹַ治һֱѧϰսšʱԽսԽ£ҲԽԽǿӸտʼҪᵤԹѹƣԹѾǶ֣Ҫַǿַ֧ʵҹʱ˲ֹһĳ̶ȡ
ַ泤³һһǰԹȺЦһȺϧڵѾҵĽ࣬Ѿûˡ
䣬ַȴֱӼӿ˹ٶȣһʱ޴ľŵӡڱգΧʮֻԹ龡С
ұַȡ
ȻءһʮֻԹȫһ˷飬ֻʣ꣬Ҳ׳ƵĻǱַ

ŵֽܿ㽫ֻԹ˸ɾֻٽᵤԹҲַǾŵɢһա
ַһѽлռۡĹϵļ¼ʱѾռһǧֻˡ
ʱ䣬ȴ˲ٵΪһֱȥһӦÿԴﵽڣͬʱҲܹռһǡַһ£Ψһܿ϶ǣϺԼƾеԹ顣
Ҫַ֪ڵΪѾ޽ӽڽˣַƲ͹۲죬һУӦǲڽڵԹģһЩƽڵʿ𲻵ãɺܶ಻Ҫ
ҲҪѭ򽥽ġ
ʵҲַ֤Ĳ²ȷģδʮ죬ַѾռһԹĻǣȴûҵԼǿԹ飬мΣַԴӵǧԹģĴУӽڵԹϹΪ֮󣬻Ǳ˽׽ڵƿ֮
ҪףҪȵһˣ֪ӢĹǷнڵӢַۡ
ƴʾطпܾԨ·ؿģôһӦþӢĹɡ
ȡɡַЦһ£ǰһԹ飬ʱַռԹѾһȫƴ󽱵ĵһ׶ν
ΣռԹǵ񣬻þƿӡؼһݣǷȡϵͳŮ
ַЦ˵ȡ
ˡһؼǵŻϣһ׹Ĳλת˳ַԺ
ϴηʨӡһؼĴʱرֱʮӺ㴫ϡ
ԽԴͣ˵õļԽǿַû˳ϵͳռ䣬ǵ鿴ƿӡĽ
ƿӡؼࣩ似ɹϵ似ɹʱбƿ֮ԽκεƿضȵԶΪУʱ¶Ѹʩӡ¶Ҫǰһơ
עӵе似뾻ƿӡɹʽΪϣȴӵؼںϻᡣʹؼںϻƿӡļǷѡںϣ
ͷ򣬶һƿӡȻûʧַϲ±ߵעͺϺں似
ʱƿӡ뻯ͬʱȡںϲͬ˵ںϣ˵ΪεĻΪһһĴڼ뵽ƿӡУóĽҲֻǾƿӡԱǿһܹм似ļ
һεںʱ䲻Ǻַܳȴе·һ㣬ֱϵͳʾںɵʱַѾЩȲĽƿӡĽٴδ򿪡
ôһЩЧɹܵһ䣬ʱԽתƵʩӡϣǿȡ
ǿַ溰һ䣬һ»ڿԸͷˣʱƿӡһеԼƿطΧٱԼɣΧټԼһɽӶӲ
ֻԹ飬ȴûʹĹˣҲҪ⾻ƿӡַֹһ䣬ϾҪһأӢĹȥ֮ǰӦúúϤһµõ似
һַûںһЩСȺԹ飬ڿԹ֮µʱֱһȥڣʮӵʱַ֮ҵһȺԼа˰֮ԹȺ
ΪַѾƽڣƿӡĴҲǴﵽƽڶѣַͷŵľƿӡֱӾǴɵ似ɵľƿӡηʨӡһͷųһԵ

һ̬ȣۼľƿӳڿУ졣
һ֣͵õַֱƿбʱһԹ޲ֻһʱ䣬ַҲҪķѼ󹦷İ˰Թ飬ô赭дɾˣ


10 ӢĹ
ƿӡַ涼е𺳣תһҲˣΪЩԹ鱾壬ƿӡЧЩԩñƿӡˡ
ʱƿӡ۳УɫľƿڳԼǿһԪ
ַӡһɢƿӡһ»Ϊ׹⣬Ȼٴλع鵽ַУЩҵԪҲͬűַ˫֣˵Ǿƿӡӡա
ԭˣƿӡÿֻͷһȡûʹãӡǴ´ξƿӱͷųʱʹáַ棬û뵽һӡǹȻӵ
ַ治뵽ܹһֱãʱһͷųж
»ҪƿΪϾʵַ
ڽ׵ıԵܹ׽ڣҲһֵܵϾƿӡȡ۳
һ벻ƽԭõʯѾУϱԴ
ַɱһֻԹѾɣռĵһ󽱣ƿӡҲѾַ֣治ֱͣӿʯϵĴ󣬽һ

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ַ˲ˣЩ˶ǾʿԼһ˵ڶҲӢĹأΪԼڵĴŸԽԼǵͬ顣
ⲻܹЩƽʿʵΪֹһﾻʿ뵽ʵ֯γ˵ƽʿһÿҲǽ˲ƽԭġ
д󲿷ֵ˶һЩСľһЩʶ˾ͺˡ
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ܿ죬ַ㷢׵սʿЩ쳣겨ʮǿңڵҲ൱ʢǸַĸоȴЩʲô
룡룡
սʿг޻εһʿϣһСؼǣһٶ̫ˣʿƽڵʵҲҲ޶ܵĿܡ
ַԱߣвûҪȶԷ˼Ѳ⣬Լ¶ʵʱ˵˸мᱻԷ˼ɡ
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Լһ˽ģַĻþʿǺܳԾ
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ַ˼ѡʱûע⵽ʮʿ֮Уһ˾йһ֮Եġ
ܱ֮һһַͬһԪʥء
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ԣַ֪ԿˣʵΪǿԽɱˡַѩ֮ĹϵǳвٵľʿУһ˱Ƴ˿֮Ϊá
뵽ʶַľʿǻ䡣
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ʵֻһᣬʱַɱҲֻΪԱͱѩ򸾶ѣ紫ǰ㣬ѾͶ壬רɱ߼ʿΪ֡ľȴǲ֪Щģ˽ϢһЩļѶϢҪĶһɱַ˵ֶΣ󲿷ֶսġ
ʱЩϢһ˳Ǹַһˮûе飬ΪԼŵģ˵Ļɫܿô󲿷ֵľʿַǸɱԵĶħ˵
ڣϢͷʿС
ʲô˽ַ棬Ǹרɱ߽ʿΪȤĶħʿЩţ쵼ˣƾĿɲӣһͷԺ;ϣȻַӴʱ䲻Ǵһһϱܴ忴һ˵飬˵ɱ˶ħֱ
Ⱥ鼤ܣзɱַ治ɵ̬ƣҲЩѰˡ
˶侲һһ͸¶ǿţӦʵǿģһ֣Լӿٶȣϧʿ۾΢΢һ£ϧһˣôǿҲ޷ʮͬǿȡ
ԣԲˡ
ҲǸɱ¾֮ˣһɱģʱҪ֮жȻʱȴַͻȻ̧ͷϴһ˿ɵЦ⡣


11 ۽
ַѾо澻ʿвɱ⣬ֻһֱûκαֶѣԥǷԷĶУʵһֱڵŶԷѡ
״̬ά̫ãҲȴ̫ãʱԷԲûκνţͻȻеһɣЦ˳
ءء
ַŵֽ󷢶ȻԷѾɱԼ˼ôҲûҪˡ
ַȻηɱˣսҲܻ䣬ϾԼľƿӡڻһɶԷãɲǴﶼɵġ
Ҫ壬ΪҪԼ¡
ոǸ࡯ȻҲ壬ϧΪַ漶̫߳޷ɡ
شȻԭַʱҲþƿʱô๥һڡ࡯ϣԼûлᣬ˵ô˿ţлᣬַҲͱ¶ƿӡĴڡ
ڣǰЩ˶ǸԼͬˣֻҪܹشʱ侳磬ϾͿԶǽɡ
ʿʱȳֵģȴַ淴ӦôѸ٣ָտʼ̧𣬶ԷѾӦԼƻûʱ򣬶ԷȷʵѾơʱո׼˳ڵֵԷĹϣһǧ⡣
Ȼɱ˶ħǻδ֣Ȼ̲סȶˡ
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һʱ䣬ΪԵ͵˻ûӦԼһʿȶ֣зȷַɱ˶ħݣлǵʿҲеıַ˹
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ոձϾʮΧһ˸оЩСԼʱȴҲû˸뷨ˡ
һ˫ƱӲԼͨ˵ԼͨҵϣҲֱĽֻ֣пܽҳˣּĸ֣һɱеǻ˲ָ
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ηʨӡһͷƽʨֱʿȺϵļ̤ˣսƽʿȻܿͱ򱬣ַͷų˸Ļƽʨ
ﵽƽڣַηʨӡѾͬʱͷʮͷƽʨӳʮֻƽʨӵԱκƽʿֵġʱڻƽʨӵԱ£Ѿʿش˸Ǳش˵侳ĵز
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ַһϵľƿӡѾӴ˫ǰһͷ˳

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صһ֡
ʱַȴǱУڳܼѹʮ˵ȫҲǸ˶õġʱѾ͸֧˲ٷһڼĿ͸֧ţȥӣַ涨
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ַȡ
䡯һһɰӾƿеıƿڿӿ˲ɾʿǰ


ģʿͬʱ
˰ٸԩ֮Щ궼ǲдεģ򲻹ģô֮һԵͷųɱƽڵʿǺɵġο֮߻һЩǿԪ֮Ҳƿһͷ˳
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12 Ӣ
ַķ֮У޾ԪڷӵλڷĵַǰۣƼΪʢҺʱַķ֮УôƣԻΧʿ͡Ӣۡ࡯ע⡣
ַڹؼʱ̣ʲôʶǼΪӰԺĳɾͣܵرصвпܻɽᵤʧܵĺǰ۵ԪͷпȫɢҲпֱ顣
ַСز򷨾ڵļ磬ʱ̹ؼҲЩ

ַķΧԪڷӿţȻַѾƣǷڵĲʵ̫ǿȫƽ
εԪ籩Ǳ׷Χ֮ڣȽӢĹƬ޴Ŀռ䣬ҲǺѱɷֵġ
ʱ䲻Ĺȥ
۽𵤵ĹʮҪзԪ֮ȫһһһ𣬾ͺһҪһſһᾧһʱĹ̡
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𣿡ַһЦǸոѾӦҵĴڣΪʲôɱң
Ӣҡͷֻǲ۸ոսףһЩΪʱѣĺѾҪˡ˵꣬Ӣ۲ַ˵ʲôֱǰ˹
һ˫ʮƽҲǲһȭȴʱתѣƻء
ַҲ˲ȫ˫ֺϳһŹֵӡǣһ˲䷭ȴηʨӡѾ
޴Ļƽʨӷ·һɽһַӢ֮䣬צӭԷȭͷֻ䡯һһѡ
ַĿ͸ǰҵʱǰ־޴ĻƽʨѾȫʧԷȭȴʣ´룬оȶԷʵǿԼ̫ͬʱȴҲǸȼ˶־
˫ٴνӴһӡǣγֵһַ࣬ȵƿӣɡ


13 ս
ַǾƿӡƿһ֣еľƿѾǰȭӡкһЩʱ䣬һ֮Ӿƿ֮ӿһ½ǰȭӡƿ֮С
ƿӡ
ǰӢ۾гû뵽ַ澹Ȼ似Ҫ֪⾻ƿӡһλĴ似һ½֮ôã
ֻһ仰ڵĹ׵ԼΪЩðʧˡ
ַʱҲԭվٷǶǰӢ۵Ȼ񣬿ΪʲôҪЩӢ۵㲻ɱ磬ٿԽ磬Ϊṩİɣոʹõȭǵ粻ӵеǿܡ
ַ˵磬Ȼս͵ڵǸ磬ҲǰӢ½硣
ǰ·Ǵ˵ͨ·ɣǰӢ뷨Թ鲻ͬʵ˼ͼΪʲôҲֻͣأ
Ϊ󡣡Ӣ̾Ϣһַ˵ΪĴھΪ˸ַЩ˵صѹϵ̫ɶԷ޷ȫĽ
ΪһܣѾַ˻ɣʱַһֱЩ⣬Էӳʵ
ϾڵĿΪԼ˵ķʽ̼߽Դʱֻܽ͵ĴȫǵĳʹͷЩΪ޷лȥ
·ʱ򱻳Ϊ֮ͨ·ΪʴԱ˸ΪԨ·Щغ·ϵĻ˵·һ·ز磬Ҳȥ½磬Ϊ޷УΪֻͣǰһ˲
Ϊֻͣǰһ˲ַüȻԷһֱ˵ԼǻˣǱˣַʼ޷кβͬ
ҵȥһУֻмҵģ֮ǱΪģҵʹڽеӢĹСӢ۵Ц˵緢˴¼˶ˣҲˣΪһսʿѾˣҲΪһЩ飬ʲôûˣֻʣһ˿䣬ǵУҲһԴңȺǵĵΪṩ
һ˻кܶ࣬鲼ƬӢĹ֮Уǲ顣սǾԻɱΪĿꡣ
Ϊɱңûʸһأܽ뵽򣬻µķ󣬿Խļ»¯µӢۣΪṩԴ
λӢһ˵鶼˵˳رǿ˲飬Ҳ˶ԷɱԼĵִϾԼѾϵˣܹٴΪྡһȥԼ˵ҲǸѡ
ôǷЩˣַ΢΢ü
ȻԼҲܣЩ˵սѣԼսΪܣַʾ޷ܡ
ȻǡӢ۵ӵеֻһ˿ļѣƽʱǴڳ˯֮Уֻڽʿֵʱ򣬲Żᱻ̼ѹԲΪʱĶеį
ÿһλʥͣһΪķ룬ȻΪӢۣȣȴǲ̫ԶΪΪ㣬ߵʱӦûи˽⡣
ַ˵ͷѾԴ󲿷ֵͷ
Ӣ۸еοǣַĻ󣬲ûбֳ̫ĸ仯ֱһ˵ȻǾͼɡ
Ӣ۹һЦжַıȷʵΪڴһáͬʱʼǣܿս״̬
ַҲͬı֣Ӣ۴ڵ壬飬̧־ŵ֣ηʨӡƿӸոɵҲͬʱͷ˳ȥ˲ͷԼǿĹ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
вϷҵĿռݣ⻹Ϊзԭ򣬷ַӢ˵ĹײֱӶὫ򴩡
ԶԶأʿȫڿַӢ֮սǵĵβʵ̫Զˡ
ǲô˷ʱ䣬ոӢѾ˵ˣֻڽʿӽʱŻѣһֱͣƽڣͲӢ۳֣Ҳ޷һأ˻ȥԣΪ˽׽ڣһǷֿɡһͻȻ˵
ոӢ˵ʱӴҲ˸ոӢ۵Ļ
ЩҲ츳ѪԵģ˵ҲΪͨض϶ˣƴΪһʼˣΪֻҪȥ׽ףԲҪ߸ƾ˶һǰˡ
ﲢǲӣԼѹֻһζǲ߽һصģֻһֱ
һʿȥˣһĻˡ
Ȼ˵ҪԼѹҲףֻӢۺͷ࣬Ӣۿ϶ɱҲûн׽𵤵ʱ֣ȻһЩҲһ˾ܽģ޶ȣҪˡ
Щʿÿһ飬ȫѡٵϣֻǴһϣͿԿǵľģף
ȾѪɫʣ˵ģȻַ档
ʵ׻ǱӢҪһûȹ̣ʹôÿһιļ϶ЩȻһƽʿУ϶ǲڵģԭʵǿԼӢУ϶Եʮֵˡ
ַٴͷųһηʨӡ޴Ļƽʨӻûгͣͱһȭ˷飬ַ桮ۡһ³һѪαҷɳʮ⡣
ֻôһʵô˵ҾҪɱˣҲã飬һΪװɡӢһ˵ţϵĹȷʵ˿ͣÿһȭþȫûֵ˼
ıĮޱȣͻȻ˸ˣַв֮𣬾Ͷ価ɱС
ַܵʮǱһɽʹסˡ
磬ַ˷磬ʱܱһƬڰͷϷֻɫľ޴ͫԼǰӢۣһ˲˲
ߣͬãơӢ۴һͬһ䡯һ½ַķ綥һߣ໥Գ֣Ȼ·磬ӢȷʵѾַ淨ƿء
ͬΪڵӢַ浱Ȼ֪ʵҲûҪ÷ƵУҪõģǷ֮еͫ
Իַ֮ۡȵ
룬ö֮ͻȻͷųԪֱӹע˷Ͽգֻɫ֮ͫС
ֻɫ֮ͫе֮ʼҵתһɫĹ߷ʵʣѱٶȡˡһ´ǰӢԺ


14 ɱӢ
ɫߴӢ۵Ժʱ䣬ַгһӢ۵Ļ档
֮УӢڻӶȭĿַͷ­
룡
һȭַԺлֵͬʱһȭŴ˳
ռ䶼һ󲨶ַͷһбƣǶһȭȴѾ಻ԡһʱǱѹȵ̫ˡ
ڿʼսҪʼתˡַ򶨵
ոյһ˲ԼԺǰӢ۵ĹʽȻһ˲ݵһƽʿʿѿĵزַȴΪʩߵԭ򣬺ĸܵһ˲Ĵڡ
þûùʾܣʱַ̱Ԫ߶ˡ
ַص֮Ѿӵƽ۵ͫñЩˡ
ΪЩ֮ͫУ֮ͬʱתƵ˷֮ϡǹؼǣַķƽһʿϿ˵ȫƣһ֮䣬У£Ҫͫ
ҪеͫתƵų˫ϣַȴҲģԻ֮ۺǴ֮۱ǰҲҪͷźʹã˷֮УҲͬĵתƲ
ʬ֮۵ǿתƣϧַʬ֮۵ȴЩߣֱӵİսֻڱضᱻɱϷãȻҲܹӾ޴ãҪַ֪Ϊԭ򡣸½ս͵ĸʬܡԶ̵ĸʬܾڷ֮ҲܷãΪַڣƶҲƶȫЩʬٶϲȱһַǲܽʬ֮۰˫֮ˡ
ڽ֮ǰַͫûʲôõġ
˽죬ַͻȻ֣ԼͫǾ㵽˼ޣΪ𵤲ųַͣƿصԪͷ֮Ԫ
Ԫļӳ£ͫҲڷʵĸı䡣
ַһԻ֮۴ȻֻǼеʾЧȴӳǰܴﵽЧȻʹýڵӢ۶޷ֿȫǰַԺ֮С
һ˲ܽʲô̶ȣҲҪ˼˫꣬Ϊǰ귨򣬵궼ǱͬҪǿڱ˼άϣӦû˼άٶȻ졣ַʮšͬ˼˫˼ٶҪȱ˿һʱ࣬ȱ˸ķӦ
ԣʱַӢۣѾڲ֮ء
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Ӣ۵ɫ䣬ǸûзַԼʩʾֻǸӿٵķ߹һȭһȭϡ
ַ淢˲ԼȻܹӦ嶯ȴǲһܸϣΪӢ۵ʵǿԼһԶԷҪȫԶԿԼȫ֪ģȫֹҪʱҲǲͬġ
ͬǽڣҵ𲽱ȱҪߣΪʲôԾɲǶַ֣Щ⡣Լ˫繲ͬ𵤶ɵĽ˵ԼĽ𵤲ǴСҪǿĶǣͬǽڣԷʵȴǷԼǿĶࡣֻΪԼев̶ֳҲеˡ
ϾЩӢ۵ĴΪɱҪоĽʿɱ
ȴû뵽ӢҲǿģһصԹ飬ҲнӽڵĴڣЩӢȻʿӽҲѣȴֻΪԷʵѾӽԼʱŻ϶ԷҲΪʲôҪӢӵмԭ򣬳˿Ƕ似ø˳һҪġ
ַոս׵ʱӢʵûдģַ񱩵ʨӺȴһӼλӢ۵ս⣬ΪַѾӵԼһսʵɳȥʱԼҪˣԼ޷ٴѹҲһѡǰַǰԼѹʱһս
ַû뵽һ㣬ʵڵҲɲֳȥ飬ֻǵֵǰӢ۵Ĺе׽⣬ﻹʱȥ顣
˵ĶԽԽ죬ַϵ˿ҲԽԽࡣ
˿˶ŵĿս֮Уַȴûз֣ԼĽԱǰٶתţʵš
ֻǾԼӦ˶ԷĽ࣬ҲĻԷĹϵ˿ٶҲԽԽ٣Ҽͫͷų֮󣬱ҲûҪλܵ˺
ǿСˡӢͻȻ˵ôһ䡣
Ȼַ滹ûԷʲô˼ʱȴǿǰӢͻȻǳĪʹ࣬˳Ѫȼ֮еѪڼΪٵʧҲڴȵš
ȼΪۣʱȫλɵʵҵΪܿԳһӣһӺ󣬲Ӣ۽һ䣬ٴѵСˣϡ
ȻԼַȴ֪Է飬Ϊһ飬ǰһжǰ׷ѣַҲ޷ףڰװһӢۣһ濼ǣַ汻ɱҲٴӢ۵̬Ϊף˷ѡ
Ӣ۵Уɱַ棬û̫ѹġ
ƾʵַ汾ѾʼռϷ磬һ˱Ļ֡
ûʱȴԷԼȥͷʱһͷϾͻһǧɣܿ˲ͻᱻԷɱ
ַֻҧηʨӡƿӡΪ˳ֵľŵȫҪķ
һ̣ĽҲڲ֪ȫʵˡ
ռΪޣ˫Ĺȫӵ˼£ַԽսԽ£ȫʵֱӰĹҵһֵĶԿ֮Уַ澹ȻʼΪӢ۽ѹơ
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һͷɫʨ˶ӦӢ۵ȭӡ֮ϡ
ǰβͬεηʨӡûбֱҳɷ飬ǻѣȴ

ַһ嵽Ӣ۽ǰĻƽʨûзκιֱӾ˲Ա
䡯һ죬Ӣȫİһػ۱ըˣѪ졣
ַһӢۣԼе˼顣
֮Ȼܹٳɽģַи̾
ԴӽںַһֱѼз򣬷֮龭ˡٴѹȸУߵĽΣ֮Ϊס
Ȼô̵ʱ𵤵Ĺ̡Ӣ۸ӦַĳɳҲǸеοȴûбֳǴһСˡ֮еѪͻȻȫ

Ӣһƴ˻彥ͣءһը
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һĽߣǸʹԱģԺ֪𵤵ַȴѩ˵֪Աпɱڵߡ
ӲҲûͣ£һֱںˣͬʱ˫Ѹǰһƿӡȵɡ

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ַ汾ֻΪûбİ취ֵóľƿӡ˭֪ƿӾĿʼɽ̺ˡ
ʵȴΪʱĽûӢ۵ףȻǿ󣬵ȴǲھˣƿӵȫԶá
ⲻܲ˵һ֮ϲƿӲϵŽ̺ҲʮӲϡ
ַеǣ֮о󲿷ֵȻַھƿɽͬʱǸӦõԼٴεõļǿķȾȻԶԶɰƽʿĽ
⻰Щ̫ȷʵġ
Ϊﵽ֮ʿһͲˣƽڵʿһڵʿҲģӢڵ֪ǳԭЩޣҲַʣǳԽͨƽʿ̫̫ˡ
ȣ
ַ汩һ־ŵǰմʱ䣬ռһƬݡ
Ҫ֪ӢĹصĿռ䣬𼶵ĪַոӢۼҴսʱҲǿܹɿռݵЧ
ڣַֻʹһŵ֣ͬЧɼεʵ֮ȷʵͬСɡ


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ԼѾʮӢĹǷһȴһԥ
룬ôһһڲõĽڶأԼΣô죿
Ҫ֪һĸո۽𵤵ʿԶԸӢʮѵ¡ַ涼Ӣ۵Уˡ
һֱͣԼΪչԼʱҲѾˣһһ룬ҲվΪݵһʱɼΪصĺʱɾͺĪˡ
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֪˭˽ڣûжԶԿӢ۵ʵַ뵽
ʮ߱ӢĹأӢĹصľʿҲһЩǲæҲʶ˲ˡ
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ʵϣսһЩʱ䣬ֻʮ꣬ôڵĽ϶ֻо⼸ٸƽʿ
Ҫ֪ս֮ϿǾۼеʱ߶֮꣬Ψһģʮһʥؿѡ
ոսٿǣռһƬԪʥؿȽϿϵǧԪʥأֻռ˲ǧ֮һķݶǧ֮һķݶǱַѩȫãڵսûƽʿѹľ
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һǻδڣȻѾ˲ٴзʱƬҪƽԾʮѣûһʱҲǲ̫ܵġ
Ҿͳʱ䣬ӽҲܹǰͻ𾳽磬ʱӭǡ
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һǸԼһҪǣңûǣ綼û壬ǣһҸԼһ׷󣬸ǱԼĻҪҪ
ΪӦ֮䣬ַԼʵܲһҪƴĿ
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ȻʱԶǹɸոս׵ĽʿϢȴЩңͻȻԼ߷ͬʱַԺһĴַ֣ҡ
ʮյĽӴһַ沢ʲôɱ˿ħȻַҲ̹ȻԼȷʵձĹǲǶʲô˶ʹãֻҪǶԼɱˣԼһҲǲºɱ˵ġ
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ʱѾѪˮ͸ʧӶϡá
˵ǽʿһͨľŷʿΪҪָԼҲʲô£ȴһǰȣȻѾ׷ָһƵʱ䶼ûˡ
֮ǧٶȣҪӵʱܳ嵽ַǰӢȻƴȫһЩ룬Ҫ׷ȴòһӵġַֻȣΪţַļ٣ضһ֮ڸеߣһ
ַ΢΢üȷʵӵоȶԷʵЩӢ۴ڵΪ˼ԼЩ˽Σվ˰æôûѹЧΪͣЩӢۺǰĲҲʧȥá
ȷʵѾıԵٲˡ
ЩӢ۲֪Ҫ飬֪ԼǵʮŵһʿַȴףµÿһʿǼΪģڽ֮УԼܶһ˾ͲܷŹһ
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ŵľûиоۣٴμӿٶӭַ档
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ߡӢЩµķȻǶΪģô׽ĪҪΪԼųҽڡ
仰˵úȴַҲƽϣԹԷڵϣҪ˵ǽʿƽʿҲҪʮһοʥشвܽס߼ʿϡٲ˵߼ѧ֮Ѿڵʿ±ǰʢʱڵһʵڡ
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˵ڵӢڵľʿͲһģ£ԶһòƲ
Ǿ͵һȣһʿף˱һӢ۷ָˣʱֱӽأ档ַǶǰӢ˵ġ
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ֻǸոӢ۵âԼĻضǳܲģַȴô赭дһƾͽâȫ֮࣬һ۱֪
ַ濴ԷеĹȴûں˵ո˵Ҳˣȵһʿ֣Ҿͻֱ뿪ʱ㸺鴫ȥһ˵ĻĺЩӢƥС
ַĻѾŷϵͷİɣ齻Һˣһǰ洫ȥġ


16 
Ϊھʿǳ͵ģҲǳ̫ܹ࣬ͻƽһЩ˳ɷڵģʵϵʱΪٵľʿѾ˽ڵıԵ
ַ棬Ӣûеȶã׽ںĵ죬ȵһ֮ˡ
ңԶʣһ˿۽𵤵Ϣڷʮ΢ӦǸոտʼۡ
ߣȥַͷ򷢳Ϣķȥ
Ӣ۸ںߣ˺֮ܿ˵ĸ
ϾʿУʵЩϣǰͻû뵽ȽΪַܣеǰʲôͷַܹʶ
ʵַҲȷʵǺ˽⣬ζѣֻǵģ
ڵ۹ǱȽģַΪԼ̺̫֮࣬ʮʱȫɣַȻǲͬնҲҪܳɡ
ַ˾ȴͬʱһӢҲ׷Ѱ½ʿϢ
ѸģԺַʽɡַӭȥһƱ㽫ԷƷȻǿԼ¶Ĺ
Ӣ۲֮ˣ֪Լڵ壬ΪܹĺԼҵԲΪɱˣԵַ󽲳Լ֪ʱӢҲһԥ
һʿһӢһ˴ݹˣҲ뿪ˡַԼ˵
ֺαؼһʱսӢ۹һͨΣ
ʱȣһʱַͣҡҡͷҽ㻹һʱ䣬һԼʵΪսʤӢۣҲǺͶ֮ʱµͨӦǶһսʤӢ۲ܽأɴ˿ɼصвӦҲӢ۵Ϊ֮ϣȥˣûʲôô
ȽӴӢҲǵͷ˵Ĳ֪ģΪأһֱ;ΪٵĿްعؿЩ޶еĸƶɣʮǿУҪȥҲӦҪнڶʵС
Ӣ۵һϯǴͷʵ֮ҪַͨУҲŴºó뷨ַֻһ·ſ޵ĹǰĻôԼ϶Ǹģʱ򷴶׸
̾˿û˵ʲôĻЩַζˡ
ַ潻˼䣬ȡʯûκͣѡء
һռ䲨ַ֣Ӱʧԭء

ׯϵĴһʯ·ڡ
ռĻꡣַоһԼĽһЩǿΪˣ̲סϸĸӦȻ֮С
ֱַ֮淽붨
ʱȻΪͨ죬ֻһȻҲܹʹҵĽ𵤵õַ̾ĸӦԼĽ𵤲ϵĽǵõϵָоͺǽ𵤵õᴿĽ𵤸Ϊһ
·֮ǰܹôһ˿ͻƣַ˵ҲһɺԵİ
ȡʯҪַͨصĵһأϵͳҪַ洳زС
زһ·˵ȷʵһ·Ǳֳ˼Σֻǲ֪ǲ·ļޡַ
ʯдͨһغҲȥڶأڶͨвĻҪӵһصؿڴһطڼܵҲпܵģҪС
ַվǰ
ǰһʯ׹··ǲǿ֮Уÿһʯ嶼һ޴½أԱߵǳҪࡣ
ַֻ֪һַɵЧȻʵڣľЩġ
߳һ̨֮ϣһۿǰһͷ۾ޡ
˵ҲûǸȴʮֱֻ۴׳쳣һȫǽɫëһɡ
ַ֮룬Ծۿɼʯƽõԭ⣬ĴСҲЩϵġ
ַһ̤ʯ׿ʼʯ֮ϱγһ㱡ķĤַһ£ָ޷ڴɵΨһһȱڣȻܽɴܵĻҲǿ취ȥġ
𣡡
ΧͻȻֵ־˴ɣתһȦ֮ڷλʯһ˵ַ棬һŰĺַ񱼶
һ͵ļһʹ˫ȿ񱼣ٶȴԶԶʿķУգַ֮ǰ
ߣҹַ˫ֽӡ͵ǰһʱһͷƽʨ˶׳ƾУȻײ
໡䣡
׳ĻƽʨûзڶιֱԱ޴˷ֱƷɳȥ
أصˤڵϣʧȥַڵһʯ׵սϣɻʤ
ֻǵһʯ׶ѣַ沢ûʲôϵĲΪͨ˵һ򵥵ġǰȥܿ˵ڶʯ֮ϡ
ͬһ˰ȣֱֻϸһѪڣ۾ţĴһͷϡ
˵ոյĴɻַҵԭͣɵĴţôһַʾ֭Ҳ֪ýʲôˡַֻнΪţҲǵڶʯ׵ػ޵˼
ŵķӦٶԱȵһ̨ϵĴҪĶַ࣬ովñ㷢ַڡ
ЩȻѾƳ˿ܣȻҲִֻʱµǾࡣ
˵Ӣۻп˵ˮĻôЩȴζܿӰģΨһֻܿս
ŷַ󣬱ֱӳȵٶȱҲǷǳݣ˿ûбŤĸоڽӽַͬʱֻϵѪҲǿʼ˾׽
Ż
˶ĵһֻϵĿдһɫķ·ѪһĶ˳Զַһ
δ֪Ķַ浱ȻȥӴŽ޴ԭַһӶ˹ȥ
ֻǿɫѪһĶһ˵ϣȻʼҵ䶯ܿһģַʮ
ȻոյĴôţҲܴͬ˫֮³ѪʵҲǲСģʱַģȥѪɫ֮󣬾ȻƷһ

ŹֽһһеĿҲ³һɫĶַȴǿˣһɭɭĹǵʮ׳ɢڹ⡣ΪʱѾӽַ棬׹ǵַն
ͬһʱ䣬ǸַһģһĸƷҲǴһΧȭͷô򵥶ֱȥ


17 ɱ¾ս
ַüͷܸоԼĸƷǼΪǿģҲǽڵΪ⣬ֻһѪ仯ɵĶѣĹܹ³ļһǾ鷳ˡ
ŵڶ̨׾ôǿ𣿡ַҲϮĸƷͬʱ־ŵַ˿Ĺǵ档
Ҫ˵˵ĴСַȲ϶ŵһָͷߣʵǿǿĴСġ
ַһƾŵĳŹΪһƣʱڹǵ֮ϣֻǱһֱӽǵҳ˷顣
Ҳһ£ֽϳصĹģ́ͷŶڴϵ۾ǰ˻ΣȷǷľַĶһ㡣
ʱַȭո븴ƷӴ
ءһƷݺݻɣԲǽѾﵽַĶ֡
ַȴǷ֣Լ֮ϣȻմ˲ٵѪˮѪˮ֮Уŷ·һϸС׳ƴԼꡣ
ַһۡһ½Щȫ˷飬ЩѪˮҲԼ壬Ǿô̶̵˲䣬ȴԼϵƤѾҧ˱Ƥ
ȻǹܰԴַ氵ԼոմˣȻԷսҿⲻʲôǿԼп˶ɥ
һַ̣Ҳ⣬ôһֹڵڶأΪַܹʶԼҪԵǾͬġԱܹӦԡ
Ʒɣ嶼óһţһ䶯֮ǻظһ㶼ûʲô˺
һߣҲͬٴγһѰ׹޴İ׹˺ѿռݺ˹
һֻеĿڿ׹ǱһֻеĿǿ³ܹ仯͵Ѫ⣬ȿٳЭǶŵȫֶΡ
ʵֵַעģǸƷѣַ˼ΣƷѪʳ˿˵Լ壬弸ûʲôвηʨӡһʱ
űɱˣֻ³һƷǺ޵ġ
ʯףػһֻվһĹֶϵƤףбĳٶȷɿ졣
ʮӺ󣬻Ǳַɱǵ֪⣬ַĹ۲һЩֶüӾܽҳϡá
ĺʯףػһֻ׿ͷһճҺסʱڵκζֱַ˺ʱɱ
ʯףػһսʿǿ׳ͶǹҲܽսηʨӡĺըը˷顣
ʯףػһֻճ棬ǹŹ֡
ߺʯһֻõӵԻ˵
ڰ˺ʯס
ھźʯס
ַһ·߹ʮʯףȫɨ
ţһصΪַֹ濴ʯϱѾʾΪһˡ
ʮʯΪһءַźʯף߲֪жǿĶڵҡ
ûͣһرͲĿ꣬Ϊ˳ϵͳĽַɵزС
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ʮĺʯһֻޣ׵ƣַһ̤⴦̨׾⵽޴ڵ׵繥
ػԾɲַɱûöҲѾ˵ϡ
ַҲѾܵһ˿ѹڶصػԱȵһȫһΣȥȵصʱ򣬺пҪͨˡ
ַǰǰʮȫɹȥǵߵʮصʱȴǷѾʮˡ
һʯһڿУ֮ҫɫĹâռжǶ붾档
ǵʮһػܡ
ַ汻ԭأΪʯͷŵĶ붾澹ԪҲǿɵģַѾ߸һ׷ԲİȫֱӳȥɱԷпԼҲжܴ
࡭࡭
ʯĵ£ɫĹâϵ˸ţʯڲǷķˮڵ
ôƮھַ漫ԶĵطȴַܲסԼ
ʮһʯףһصʮ̨һأػʮ㣬û뵽ôҪǿֶˡַҡͷʮһ㣬ʵһвĲΡ
۾Ѿ
˫ֿǰӡһ˲䣬ַʮͬӡǣʮӡǼһ˲ȫɣͬʱַǰȻһ£Ϊһҵİ׹⣬͵ɢ
׹ⲢûҲۣһЩͻʥĸо׹ȫɢһΰӰַǰ
ڶ̷ŨüʵǹƾһЩƽڵʿ
ɱ¾ӢӡַɵڶǸĽֱʱŵһʹó
ȥɣַ򵥵³֣ûκرָʾΪɱ¾ӢӡӢۣӵһɱ¾ʶġ
˵ɱ¾ӢѾһֳ˷Ĳ˵ֻ𼶵ǿ߲ʩչΪӡĴڣֻǽڵַҲǿʩչ
ɱ¾Ӣ۶ˣһѾ˶֮С
Χǧȫӵȿֺɱ¾Ӣ۵˺ҧš
Ȼãɱ¾Ӣ۸û˿ȫЩԽַɵĶ棬ƽȶٵĲܿʯǰ
࡭
֪ʯ񷢳˵ʱɲ춾֮һ֮ΧĶͻȻŨַ࣬ǱߣҲǱҪϸܵĽӽ
ɱ¾Ӣûᡣ
ɫĶѾʼʴ壬̧һս˳۳Σ͵ؿ¡
ᣡ
ǡǡ
һȻһΪ
šһ£ʯ˿ΪϸСһء
ֻһΪ򵥣ҲΪֱӵһʯ顣
һԶͶΪֶεʮһԲ̫ɱ¾Ӣ۵ն£һĳס
ҸոտƶʯûжܣӲɱ¾Ӣһʵʯȷʵ˶ܵĶֻûжܹȥ˵ܲ˶ѣֻԭػһΣȴһεԭأűɱ¾Ӣһնɱ
ַԭͣƬ̣ȵȫϡͣŷ˷˹ȥ
ֻɫҺʯѪˮɢŶԣȴѾôˡ
һЩʯѪΪʳĶҲΪʯȥڵأΪǼʯϣҲһȻǵʶҲǽĻ
ַɨһս΢΢ҡͷһ״ûԭػֱָһȥ


18 
ȻΪأȴǷֳһһ̨ʽÿһ̨϶һػܣɱƹԽһ̨ϡ
ַÿ㶼ǻɱܣʵºȫԽָ״̬ģʵϴӵһ㵽ڣַֻڵһҲʮʱ΢ͣôһѣϸû˿ͣ١
ͨȻǵΪͨͨѶȽȫͻƣ᲻˷ѡַôš
һһ㣬תʮȥ
ɱ¾Ӣ۵Ĵڣַоյɱ˵ʮʯףȫͨ˵ڶء
ʱַѾʼ˿ڳ֣ϵıҲʼôɣɱ¾ӢҲܵˣڼڵʮʱΪֲַʧһΡ
ɱ¾ӢֹȻǲȥģֻǷַһЩٴͷ˳
ڵڶصĹصϢַνࡣ
ʮʮĲ֮䣬ػܵʵһһΣȻΪһصڶصĹϵ£һǵصĿʼػܵʵֻٴһأҪСӦԡ
ַ۾㽫ȽϺõ״̬صʯ·ϣԪвٵģַһţԼĵ
ʮ㣬һڽҪ߹ѣĻʯϵĽһصҪҲǵһؾͿԵġַһϣԪĲ޴ġ
תһһҹȥַվָҲﵽ۷塣ȴɲܸʱȣϾԪתԪҪǼģȻԪ١֮ȴǸоˡ
Ȳôʱ䣬ܲΪﲻ״ֹ̬ͣǰַȻŵʮ߲ȥ

ַһȻһˮС
ôˮַЩɻҪ֪ЩģȻҲ֣ԪȴԲڣˮֶԪ֮һ
Ȼ֮ǰַҲһЩʯͷһԪǶƶѣȻģ̬£ȴбϵһַһ·϶ûͷžƿӱԿΪԪƿҲǸ޷ɵģƽԼԪѡ
ǰ
ַϸӦˮԪغ޲ⲻǴ۾Ǵ֣Ǵӱȥģ̺ˮ֮Ҳôʵ
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ַ˼䣬һ¡¡ˮȴǴԶ˹ʱˮ·һ㣬һˮˡˮ֮Ҳǰӿһɼѹûзеַϡ
ַҲ޷׹̶ס塣
ʱһֱվַɱ¾ӢͻȻγս͵һַͷϷ
໣
һ·èеͷַ澹Ȼ˿ûио
һ̧ͷͷϷͷɫèһַȴǾ֣ˮȻԻҵ֪
ôһ룬ַԺҲͻȻһ
ѽȻġˮԻҵ֪ȻҲΪǡˮĽǵˮҲڹؼʱ̾ͻĹַͻȻҺԼӵɱ¾ӢۣովѾˡ
εĿָϷ·ҪǰЩҪǿءַ˺뵽
û۲죬ֻǿԼ۾ǸٶȵģرΧĻþ񱩵ĺܣӰߣӰԼζټϸոյɫèٶôĿ죬ַʱǰδеļ
ηʨӡ
ַ˫ֽӡųʮֻƽʨ
ηʨӡ뾻ƿӡɱ¾ӢӡͬޣûǳʶȫҪ˿ƣԿͷŶֻɱ¾Ӣۺ;ƿΪѾӵһʶδͷӡʱʶҲǴӡǹ֮Уͷʱֻͷųһѡ
ʱַȻѾǽʿڱ֤ηʨӡʱҲֻͷųʮֻѣ˵ʱѾǾȫ
һʼ;ȫܲ˵һشַѹǰδеľ޴
δ֪µģַڼѾǶΧʧȥ˸֪һ˫۾ڻǿҵɫпԿ׵ľ룬ĸоٶǱһ㡣
׾ڽڵʿ˵͵档
룬һվҹĴ֮УŴ΢Ѱǰ·ˣΧûһ˿ߺûκָζ£ô죿
˶ǰĴԭزġ
ַҲģȴҲûȫԼ뱻ΪһˣôֻҪΧĻźõķ仯ô͵ԼᱻһֱȻһ֮·
ַȻԼȴлƽʨӣоƿӡ
ȥַͺһƿӡͷųֱǰȥ
ʮֻƽʨӷֳһȦԶԶĸΧַɱ¾ӢҲǸ˺ߣʱ׼ȥ
ôɱַ뷨
ƿȻ죬һͷųҲǿʲôģǰèƿܵõɱ࣬϶跨ȥɱƿӵġ
ַţȻƿѾܵ˹
ΪַȡǰͬʱҲͬʱʮֻƽʨӴʮΧ˹ȥ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
δʮͷƽʨӱ̱ըǵٶȱȲèƿܣַֻʽֹѡ
໣
ɫԿǿַ£ýһ˿΢Ц˿ڣӦǸոձƽʨԱĹˡ
ƿѾڶ̶ʱڱɱΪɢʱַֻɱ¾Ӣһǰһԡ
ɱ
̵棬ַŵֱӴһоʽֱӾŸԷٵĳ֣ɫèƿܵΧգۼͱƵӰ
ûʹηʨӡַεҪþǣƣɱɱ¾ӢۡѾйΣѾһĬ
໣
ɫèﲻϵķҽУˣ̾⴦ʵǶôǿ󣬴ʱһط˸֡
ַҲˡ
صĳԣӦԼӦƵĻ
ȻһġˮӦ֮洦ɼһֻӦԼǰӦֻսýֱֻ֮Ӿµ
һأҪչʾص㣬ڶأǿĿ飬أǿʼĻȻֻͨǰأнܵشڵʸ񡣷ɢ֪ʲôӣҲȥġ
ʯҪȴֻҪͨһؾͿԼͣ⵽Ǻ⣿ַ롣


19 ؼռ
벻ͨ鲢һҪͨΪЩ鲻һʱ򣬻˵һļʶ֮ǰ벻ͨģַһЩñ˸еɻԼ飬ûôִŵġ
ҲҲڽڵʱܹͨȫǺѵɡַһ𰸡
ʵϣַĴȴʵĴȥԶˣܹͨȫصĽʿʵ̫ˡ
ʵʱõصʱ򣬸ľΪ̤뷨ڣѾ鵤۳ʿṩһĹؿ㵹Ǳַ֮Ͳˡ
룬ַʱûʱ˷ѣڲݲݲ³һ֮Ͼͽһʯס
ͬǿܣַ˵ɲ޷ֿؼһĻַϤģַԸʮֳֻӺ󣬱ˣΪ
صѶȣҪһصĻϣֲսĻþַ״̬ʮ־޴ģĶȴᱻ෴Щ
һؿģʵ֮⣬ҲǶԽսս
һ·߹ַüÿһ㶼ҪˣмڷʵΪİĻþӦЩٶۣ˵Ĺ̫ͻȻˣ޷ֵ
ɱ¾Ӣ۵ػַĺѴء
һһ㣬ַѾûһϼˣǸо廹Ҳд󣬱ϾҲһУͻܹԼɼвĿܣ뱣־ʢ
ַһ£ͨأһ·ϢҲ˲ٵʱ䣬ͬʱҲܽ˲ٵľ飬ȻԽĲеҲԽǿ󣬵ǷԵøȫһЩֱһַȫͨؾʮŲʯ׵ʱַ涼Щʵĸо
սصʱͲ㱻ߵػɱߵȴһ·оգЩ̫Ϸˡ
ʵַԼûз֣һ·Լʵ󣬵Ƕսİȴ˲ֹһΡ
ˡַ濴һϵͳռ䣬һ
ֽ
ɣ
һĽӡһռƵսݵӡ
һһǵۣԸоӡǵǿޱȣַҪ˵Լڴǿ϶ѵġ
ȻظһԪַڵأո˵ھʮŲսĲС
ڽƽȡ鼤ܱ֤ȫ͸ӡ似Ժʹýۡ
һ˿˿ԪַķգתΪԪ֮Уһʱ䣬ַָ˲٣Ȼδ۷壬ȴҲָ߰˳ɡ
һ·ͨعԽϲԪԽŨַڻָٶҲǱࡣ
ôʱ䣬ַƽȻ߹ϵͳϵԾЩӿ죬ȴȫɿصΧˡ
뷨磬ֱַ۵ϵͳǰؼǵǰվ
ͨصɣòӡؼһݣǷȡ
ǰʾдš
ַһȵȡ
䣬׹ٴγֱַ֣Ժ֮УϢʼַԺй룬Сʱֹͣ
Ҫַ֪ڵǿҲѾΣһ似ĴȴСʱʱ䣬ɼ似ǿ븴ˡ
似ѾֱӴ˹ַ˵ҲǼˣΪ似Ĵ䣬ܴ似ǰ似þ飬˵ֻҪԼľ㹻似ϵһ̣ܿҲѾ似ɵһˡ
ַ˫ۣԺзӡĽܡ
ӡؼࣩ似ɷ似ػ˱ַʽ϶ɡӡţһ˱۵Ĳͬʱưͨйӡػʱʧȥƶֻܸʩӡϣ̬ʩӡ߽ȫλļ·
ļ·ַϸϸڲӡϢ˼飬һ仰ϲ
磬˼˵ַڽڵΪʹòӡػַԽʿǿ
Ҫ֪ߺڵĽԶԷĽΪĽΪġҲ˵ڵʿǿһʿٱǧ֮ķҲֻܲʮ
һڵʿɵɱƽʿһʿƽʿȫֻһˣҲǺѷġ
ַ˵֮ǰĿսѧ˲ӡôһ·˿ΣգΪǿĿҲǽڶʵ޷Ƶػķûػַ棬һ·ǵսľмζ·ϡ
ӡǳ似ַѾף似˵ӡ似ֻܴﵽָӡǻںϿռ䣬
һ񼼣ڶĴ󽱣Ȼûʧַʮֲ
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ȥַһָǰ
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һͨһ־޸ʵ󣬡ءһڵϣʯм
áַһȭ
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£һ벻ӡͬİ׹ٴδԺ
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һأӽԨ·ʼ죬ֻǶ̶ʱ䣬ԼѾƽڽ˽ڶ壬ò˵µ·ȷʵĽżİַڴȥǷ񻹻ʲô
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Եķֽ磬ΧָһһΪ޳һɽЩһȦȦĸ޴ԶȥһѶϵɽ·ӵ͵ߣֱˡ
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ءһ˫ཻӰҵ˺˼ǿĶԺɨַϣػȫסû˿о
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ŵַ֡ͺȣһƳֻ˾ŵֵľƵӵļɣһƳȸոմ
ŵֶַ˵Ѿͨһ㣬٣ҷ죬Ҳӡ似СһЩǶһĽʿ˵ǼΪǿġ
κӰȻûгסַػһ±㱻ڵأ塮ۡһ·˵һ㣬Ϊʧԭصģֻʣһɫʯ
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Χǣַ濴ǰ޴ޱȵɽǣ΢΢۾Ԩ·չأδʼѾΣ𣿡
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Χǲչأǰ·㲻ϹؿʹвӦҲ̫󣬲Ҫ˷̫ʱ䡣ַġ
;УȷʵҲһЩʯżͨΧǵĵ·ԣַ澭ʱǴлһÿ˵ΪҲڽϣǵٶַ̫Զ󲿷ֶǸոճֱ㱻ַ˦
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ΧǾ޴󣬲ҪߵǰҲԸܵõַڵٶһʱ߶ԶҪ֪ȫԸĸ·һַٶȣÿֿ߳ٲ
ַ滹Ϊ֮ͨ·ǿ˿ǵڲڿֻǰΧǣܾܿѾ˿ǵĴС֮ͨ·ԵǿһĿռ֮С
ǰĳѾþ޴ˣʱպϣϱѪһĺɫ
ŵĴֻһ壬ʵַǰһС͵ĴӦǽרõ̤ͨоͿԽΧǡ
ַվһ𣬶߱˳ϵͳ
ͬʱ¼Լͨس̶ȵʯҲǳµּ


21 µ
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ַķ֮УϵͳҲǸµ񣺡Χǣͨϰʦˡһ
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ǿ壬ȫ״ݻַͨ˵Ϊǿ似ַͨûں
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˵ĻЩ岻ַȴһЩ顣
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ǰԨ·˵ĺһʲôĵط
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ʵϣ죬ÿһ죬ͻӽһЩʱͻףǵȫͬˡ
һԣһΪַٶһν͡
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ѹ౻似츳֮󣬲ѵ似ͷΪ𣿡ַţȴԱеһ˵磬ӵԪʵʵ̫٣Ǵﵽ𾳣ʿԷӳʲôһﵽ֮ͬȴǲֹһǰһܻأзӳսҪֲĶࡣ
ַŻȻѹ־ɴս嶼Ǿĳֶѣԭﵽ֮ʿԷӳʲôս
òҲǼΪԳɾ͵ģǰ˾ʹû˵Χ֮𾳽ڡ鲩ʿ˵ѾﵽԨ·ӦҲǵִ˾춥ûгɾҪɾ𣬶ʲôΪѵĵط
Щڻ̫ңԶַֻһ⣬Ҫɳ
ʯѾʾֻгɼһʾΪ㣬֪ʲô˼Ҳַֹͣ֡ҲȥΪʱ˱߱ʱѾڵڵء
ͨһûôʢˣܱеĽһ׽ĸо
׿ɫţɫʯ棬ſûл߽֮ԺȴһƬ·컨һͨסԺ䡣
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ˣֵﵽ˽ڣ˽мϰʦ˵Ļᣬɲô򵥣ҲһЩ澭Ĵڣֵܲڴ˽һ㡣


22 
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ʮһʿΧǴʱڱڣʱֹꣿҪﵽƽֻеȵԪʥؿΧȴǲҪģһʱĽΧ֮аʿȴǺġ
ַտʼûʶһ㣬ȻλڵļϰʦԼеܲ˼飬ǵߵͷôªʱ϶Ϊﵽʿ̫ϡٵԭ
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Ա˺ǺһЦʿͬʿڵֻڵ֮ضѣ㿴Ǳߵɽ֮ϣǱߵĺ֮ǰæµ׼أڻ
Ŷַ澪ȣϸһȻÿطææµµһٲ֮£ѾڶִһЩˡ
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ַͷѾԼʶűʵʲôϡŹֵ鶼пܷġ
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ʿͷûֵַܾһͨǰԨ·ģǵһ
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˵һֵַ֣߰ܣȴȥִ´˵ִ¶ЩͨԨ·ǰ̵˺ܹעء
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ڵڽҲʮԶַǰλãһȽϾµĽڣһŮߵ
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Ůдߣ䣬žһԵЦ
࣬㱱ڶѾСڰ˴еˣٽôߣѵܷɣЦ̸һ䣬ֵ˵޵īҲȥ껹ڰ˴˸޸ңٿԶߡݣܺܿܽϰʦ
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еһò𪣬ϸһʵʱһаЦһ֣ʱȫŴڷȥ;оַϷֻƳһ·ƣ۶ûпһۼˡ
īˣҲִ֪´˿ʲôȻĽʦ޸һʿЩ̾Ϣ˵
ǱڵһŮͬʱҲǱִ´˵ΨһˣĲˡ
츳ߣʹﵽ˽ڣֻһ¾ͽ׼ϰʦΪϰʦ츳ڵĵҲеġ
һ֮ŮǱڵһ屦౱ˣԸڵһǵ֪ĸףҲǱִ´⽫޵ڵʱ򣬸϶ǺԽܵġ
һΪīǲһڵˣһҲΪīŮ˷ҲǺܺãжҲͰˣȻϲһЩи֮д˵ŪδɵŮãյġ

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ִ½ף弴λ֮ΰ˴СȣζǵףЩÿҲ⵽˼Ӱ졣
Ϊ˻޲ߣ˴ڵÿαȽ϶Ǻ޽ģǵĽƷҲǸںĽʱ䡣
һĵطһռ䣬ӵиټϣΧ˻ϵΨһԴ֮ء
ڰ˴ڵıƴУʤߵһԻýߵʱ࣬ڶձ룬εݼȵڰʱ򣬽ߵʱѾ˵һİ˷֮һ
ôĲ࣬ҲֱӵĵҪǼΪ׵ģرСȶǵףôʮµĲҲѾǴһĳ̶ȣҪһҲǺѳΪܵġ
Ƶ̾ϢΪˣҪ֪Ҳ֪ī˵ģΪڵǿԻøԴѡԼŮԷԲԼŮȴ޷ˡ
ִ´˽СȵʧܶԼϣѹ̫˰Ƽվ߼ַ涼û˵ʲô
ݵͣӣǰȥ
ִ´˽ղڣΪʮһεĴȼУոպ뿪ΪǰǰͶԿع㳡˵ģôʱ䣬ִҲһֱȴԷǺġ
ϣһ˸ִ´һͬȥפ֮У˶ͬʱַ棬ִ´ѯһЩԨ·⣬ַĻشУϴǵľ֮
ԭ羹ȻѾ˿𣿴ﵽƽڵʿŲˣܹͨԨ·ǰ̵ִ˿²ᳬʮš
û뵽´֮Ȼǿ˾ôŬڻԺԨ·ĴҲܹһЩˡ
ûиоΪĹϵԪʥصĿһֱȫŵʮԶһΣʧԪԴԴϵĹǣԪʥԶʱһ̵ģĻ㲻õԪʥؿļ϶̫ʮһΣ֪жپɾ޵ΪȲʥؿء
ţڿǵʱҲڴ˵ĵϧֱûеȵ


23 ɵ
ʲô㾹Ȼı˵ڶصĹʹӢ۱ȽһԶķʽ
һһհףа̫Сֻʣǳ
̫е꿴ҪһЩҲȽϳţǴʱϵıҲЩ仯ˡ
˲ƣǳϵݣȻֻͼһ쳤ϣǶԿöԴǺԨ·Ҳ֪֮ģַǶôѵá
Ҫ֪ЩӢۿϹʱڵʿսսḻټͨ似ҲôףܽӴĲ棬ۺʵԳͨʿһ
ַȴܹı䣬ɲǵĻܶԷͿģѶȿҪ֮ࡣ
֮飬֮
ַֻ˵˸֡
ʵϵʱӢ۲ӦԼԼҲȷʵ᳤ʱͣʿǺЩӢ۶ʶģԼЩӢ۵ĴڣΪʵǵػһضѡ
ַܹҲǼ׵ġ
λϣ֪ҺʱԽмϰʦˣУѧϰһ¹֪ʶ֪ɲԵõڣַ湧˵ǰ˾˵Ѿ˹һ꣬а̫еѾһǧ꣬ϹŶַǰյϵϰҲøԷҪĹ
ο˵ΪǴﵽ˽ڶ壬ʱܽ׷ڵĵزʵҲǳԼġ
λ֮У̫лشַ⡣
ϰʦˣţʵϣΪԨ·߹ʿǿϵˮƽѾǿһϰˮƽˣչأҪһβУȵ㿴ʦ˵ɡ
˵䣬̫һ֣һŰ׹ۣתۼ仯Ϊһʯݸַ档
ǣַоǿľȴǲ֪Ǻ
Ǿ۶ɵԾƵʦ鼮ֻҪԾܹõʦҪһЩ֪ʶˡ̫Ц˵
ԭַһ¾ˣ̽ܿӣһ˿˿֪ʶںϽУױѧĶ
Щ֪ʶ࣬ҪʵȽѣЩκʶͬҪʮѡ׳ɫһ䣬Щ̾˵ؼǲϵĹӦû㹻ĲϣÿܵõʵᶼǼٵģϾĲϻҪüϰʦģÿһϽɲϲ㣬ҲԸһڲӰ졣
ҲǵͷΧоŲ㣬ųƾ죬Ȼ˴ҲǸоŲģÿһİ˴֮Ҳл֮ıƴǴ޷֮ǰģҲû˸ȡˡ
²ıƴһЩֻƴĽߵĻᣬĴҲһЩԭϡ
ǵȵ˸߲ʱĴۿܾǾϣˣЩɲһԭϾɵģܿһռһԭϣһ䲻𰡡
ԼŮҸȡҲϲѹйذַ뵽
̸Ѿߣ˸Ѿ뿪ʵַǴԨ·߹ģһ½ʿҲûʸϵģ඼ʦ㴫һЩĵãȻһЩԼȥɾͳɣɾ͵֮ٴηŲˡ
Ϊַ⣬õϵԴĵãòҲһĽʿöࡣ
ַ棬ǱƲӣӦøϰǡ̫ЩǸ˵
ַһͨԨ·ĵһˣȴΧ䵽ڣֻܻñȱٵĶϣ˵λҲЩⲻȥ
Ͼǿˣ˱Ҳһ˵ģҲӦرοܹ߹Ԩ·ǰ̵ˣսڵĸܺʵҲǱΧǿġ
ûϵַ׽棬ʵ֪жòŻһΰ˷Ƚϣ
һεıȽʮһεĴȣʱƳһЩǾҲֻʣʮˡ̫кܿ˵׼ȷ֣ǿַ뷨ֲһ䡣
׵£ǱΪǧõ࣬Ҳ²ſ˶ϰʦܹμӰ˷ȵˣһ㶼ϰʦС
ַͷʾס
̫лһֱߵƣԸַȥȡϣͬʱַһΧƣƿ뱱ΧڽƣҪȻüϰʦʸС
ַûǵýǸªʱȻûػ˵ȴͬʱһ΢Сİ׹⣬иһԼϣǾƵĹ˰ɡ
ǰַںȡ˲ϣȻٴͨص
ַʦܣҲǱڵˣȸոհ׳ϺҲѾĻ㣬ҾͲˣֻһҪ㣬ǰ඼ʧܣȫù޷ɼϰˣ˸һ϶ЩøֶƭȡĲϣڵĹأϱƭûһصģһҪע⡣
ƺĵѣַҲĵл
ɨһܣȻм˫۾ѾԼ֪ЩмڴԼϵ⡣
ǼȻʦϤɣÿһɰҽ㻹Ҹطһֱֱﵽϰʦ׼˵Ҿ뿪ˡưڰֵ
ʦߡַҲǰ͡
ֱƵӰȫʧΧǼ˫۾ſʼ˶
ٶ죬ҵʱ;ַһѾַǰһһҵַǰ·ϣüŭ۵ĺȵ߾Сһİɣλʦ֣񣿡
ַкЦƲÿĶõʦֵѣԲ֪ԼѾǵ·
¶ʱ䣬ַһֱԨ·Ҳ۵ĺˣʱǰЩˣûб˴ٵоеЩ˼ҲƣװĶ׺ݵʦֹ˹ֵַ棬λʦ֡
٣ɵ㣡
ʦϱ鲻䣬ȴֿ˻ͬʱô˵һ䡣
ɵ˼ǺϹļһֵַСɵǵһ׾թȡһЩϣԺԷ֪Ҳ޿κεģϾķ˭ôġ


24 Ū
ַɵ㡯ЩǴٵ˶ˣƵ龭ݣҲû˻ɵ򱧲ƽǰͬ˴ٹҲûǰһַ֣Щҡͷ
ʦѾһסַ棬ʱ⼸ȴǷ߷ߵͣ˽ŲѾһǰЩϹˣЩȻ߿˼ۣԹֻصղŴŵĵطȴˡ
һַ涼Цһȴǲɫ
ٺ٣ľҪĹأⱱĹ£ǹеĲϽһǼɣԺͱˡʦУȽϴ׳һ˴
⻰ȻڴţǴúֵܹ֣˵һ쵽ˣϵַľһˣԿǻΧǱأǰǴûеǿ϶ġ
Χ֮УĹҲǼģΧĵطڽʿоԽڣδﵽڣôʶҪȥʣΪطȥģͲ˶͸¶ⷽϢ
һ㣬һҶΧȫġ
λʦַָǰ飬нڵڴˣڳΧҲûʲôһδʧܶѡ
ַֻ۾ת·žһ㣬ʦҲƬ̺ͻȻһ̾ȻˣȻǲģڴˣϣλʦԺܹա
˵ַһѾȡһţǽһƬռУһѵϣָʵ١
ʦһֻˣɵ㲻һɵѽһж·ģһײоͽһסһ˵ҪƭϵģϾȻֹƭ˲ϣȴǽֹ˽ġǰȻôԼ˲ϡ
һ£ȴѸײڶ֮ƿַȡĹţһۣŹЦ
ɵ㣬Ȼô׾ƭˣµˣ۹̫ˬˡ
ģôôɵˣ˼˵ʲôʲôô˵˾ˣҿ
ոΪʲôҪôһأӦʦ뿪֮ǰͶŶԡ
УҪȥ٣ɵѵãܴ
ַ潻ϵһ˲䣬ָһӷ
ʦֵεЦţǰһãȻַ棬ǰĶԷļѺõ˵СӣǵԺҪű˵Ļʲô鶼Ҫදӣ
ʦʵ̲ס
һЦˣһǰһʲôַ棬Ա˵ˣɪˣȰѲóˣȥץأҶﵽҪˣЩȲ
һҲǵͷ˵ãϹأһһ롣
˵Ѿ򿪷磬Ҫȡ
ȻʱɫͻȻͱˣһһһģ·ȼһһ㡣
ͻȻתַ棬ݺݵСӣȻƭңһЩҳЩЩͨϣո쵽ϣ
ַæ֣ûУûУôƭλʦ֣ǶҸոȡĲϰλʦӦøӦõѽ˵ַٴȡһţлһЩϣое˶ˣΪոյĹ֮УҲЩһġ
Ա߸ոҪֲϵ۾˵˵ôЩˣʶҲһˣô𣿻˵Ҳôһɵ㣿
һ˵ţһ߻ַָָ棬ΪǱװЩҵַһɵ㡣
Ҳͬ뷨û˻뵽ַ׽ŪԷһ˶ѣֵӣҸոյЩϵǴҶӦģַʵǿˣ򲻿ıϢιȥ
Ƕû뵽ַͨԨ·ߵģΪ½ĽʿԶַ治ʵԼǿֱӾͺַǿǵĿܡ
½֣Һʲô㻹ʲôôԼСݣҲԼѣΪһϾƭ㣿˵
ߣ˵ҶǴﵽ˼ϰʦżƳɹϾܽˣʱһ̰ʲôҹΪһѾ˺ܾ˰ɣ½ֵĻʮΧΪʱԼȷʵǺֽţԶûСֻк⻰۾ˡ
һ϶ѣõѾȻΪһϣ׾Ǵڽ׵ĽҪͷԼѱԼҪԼҲȫҧҧͳȥԼһֱԭ򣬿ǵڣȻ˺ڻԼ
ûս˫ȭתͷַ棬̬ѾЩʧˣȵ㣬ǣոսҵĵʲô˵ʵȻɱ㡣
ңңҡַˣûнĴ㡣
ոԼλʦ֡١ûһվ򱧲ƽַЩõĸоǰģˤû˷һǺΪһ˲е˶ĸоܹһǣַ¡
ַװ̲סˡһȭַСʹ˹ȥ
Χɫһ䣬Ҫ֪ΧȻƭȡֲµûȥܣ˽˶ֵĻǿҪܵġ˵ףÿطҲԼĵߣΧǵĵ߾ǲ˽Զ֡
ºȻԿԼַСȥ˭ĳһȭûʵһȭȥַ϶Ҫ˵ġ
벻ǣַ治ûжܣֵĶֱʡԵˣôֱͦͦվŶԷĹ
һȭ־ͺˣ˽ԴӺس̶ȣҪΪΧܲȵģԼһȭһУǺȻҪΪصġ
нţϵźţϣַܹܹȥͬʱҲǿʼ˭֪һȥǸľȻһĵȻôվ
ѵɵһľ磬ԼҪ
ǸղóЩѵǸոȡĲϣʦֿɵٻ
һ˲࣬ȴԼԼĿΪոַȡϵʱԼԵĸӦϵǴ˵ġ
Ҳ˵ӸոյڣǰһֱڸԼۡ
뵽ˣԭջصٴμأߵ֪ߵͺСӣҿ㻹װʲôʱ򡣡


25 
Ѿ϶ַװɵӦһЩŸվﲻ㲻ܣԱջذһȭûзɣӿٵĴȥ
أ
صһֱַӱҷ˳ȥ
ش˺Уʱֻһ仰𣺡һôĲ㣿
ͬʱΧҲ¶˸ָı顣
д󲿷ֵ˶Ǳֵʮ־ȣȾĺĶ֣ҲַķӦȻûжһκεķӦôӲĳһ
ţ˵жǱһռݡ
𺳣
Ϊַʵ𺳡
Ȼƾ͵ס˺ȫһ
˶ЩŵĿŴԶһʯɽַ߳棬·Ѿ飬һЩҳЩǱǺʣûûܵʲô˺ôĴӱҳʯɽѨ߳
٣СַЦһ
ʵһԼԶʣǸԼûȣԲӲԼ뷨
ϾԴַڿصڰʮŲٴν׺ôʱַĵһԼǿûлһԼʡ
һո̤ڵʿôֵܵסոյһȭ
ʱ˶Լǰˣһſʼַ̽Ϊʱַ֣ʲôոս׽ڵʿһڶǿߡ
ôܣѾ𵤶ôһڣ˴еʡ
ʱҲʦڴ˹ʱߵķҲЩͬǴǱߵķѵĳλһֱǱĺ󱲣
ԣͨӣǴ·ˡ˲³ʵ
ַ濴ˣһݵ꣬߻ʮƽڻ߽ڵֻ֣мϰʦܵĴӵӦǲ͵ġ
⻰һڣʱȻ󲨡ʮ꿪һε·Щʿ£ҲǸģֻ˵Уͨͨ˶츳ʮ־˵ģеٮٮԽսʹ÷ͽҲԷӳΪǿսʱַոӲһػǼǶͨ·˵ľη֮ġ
亹ˣвϺš
¿ǵùˣͨԨ·ǿ߾ִ´˶ġ
Щ˵ʵǿεģҪǵһЩΧ߱Ķ似編ƿ֮
ΧȻҲ൱һ磬Ͼֻλһ֮ͨУڵʱ̣ܶҴڵڶ˵ڵ磬ȴΪµķ֮أ֮ȫͬġ
Ԩ·ɺʺʿͻƣǿȴʺĽеණȻֱӵΪףȴڲϵ츳ʿΪȻ׻ȴӵмߵԣѧϰܿ죬ó졣
Χ֮У󲿷ֵǴԨ·һοʱΪʱʵ΢ûѧʲôѧɷҲûмߵԣȻȴǸûжĽ
ǺͨԨ·ˣһһǿһһԡ
ΪĴڣϵԪʼ벻ҲֱӵͨԨ·ʿȴҲһһҪһЩ
Ԩ·ÿʮһοҲ㹻ٴˣÿһͨԨ·ˣΧǵʿǶһСĽȱٴµȴпģѧϰַҲǿһΧǺǳԵ㡣
Ժ֪Լոմɵпôһ˵ʱȻµҪġ
ᱻɣѾʪ͸Χ֮Уߵ̷ǼΪʹģİ
ַеǲ⣬ոյһȭȷʵСַ˵㲻ʲô˺;кĵ뷨ַǿһ֪ɵҲô׼ЩӶѡ
ôҲǱ˸ˣô˲ַԸҲҪ㡣
ַǰţ˱ȸոջҪˣ뿴ַ浽Ҫδú
ոպѾȳ֣ʱַٻֿɲ˽ԴˣֻķѣܵκεĴ
ȻʱһʮöŮͻȻԶ
ס֡
˵һգ۾˵һǸ˵ĸоȷʵǰһ˵ʱ˻ڼԶ֮⣬һִеʱ˾Ѿߡ

ַһۿǼٷ֮ǲǰոŮӡ
ַʱѾ̧֣ŵѾʱԴӣȻΪһزʶŮ˾ıԼ⣬¶ԷĸǱڵִҲС
ңཿһٶȸǼӿ˼֣ͬʱһɫһĶѾ˦ֱӳַǰض
кβңַЦһĳȴǾŵһΪţߵڻɫϣǷֱǰĺ½ֵϡ
أأ䣡
ͬʱ𣬺ַոյһķ˳ȥҲҽһʯɽ֮УȴûַǿǣһʱֻʹޱȣȻûܵʲôˣȴ˺ܴƤ֮ࡣ
½ַ֣ӡ󷴶ЩһҲǶһƤ֮⣬ַһͷһ룬ⱻԪɵĴˣҪָҲҪʱ䡣
ʵַ涼ǿҲǼзִ磬ֻĻɫȴַЩ⣬ƺһȻûܽ׻ɣֻǴúһξ룬ȻٴԼ˹
ͽˣ˵Ҫ㶮һЩڵĹˣȵȴҲǺžȡ
裬׾ַ湥ʵȴˡ
ΪڹϵǧһŮûһЩսҲǲ̫ܵģ˵ΪϽе֮죬ĺսǷֲģոƣСͣҪдһ¡
کȴǽַ湩˳ַд衣
ΪִµŮȻҲַ֪Щڲͬģ˷ܵľͳ˹û뵽ÿ˸ոַ˵һĻҪȥԼս̨дģ˽ڣȶһ˵
û뵽ԼѾ˴ķ籰ƷȻԷһƾ͸˻ˣһȫһƣΪַһƴȻǰԼҪ˸ˡ
ˣҪúýѵһ²ɣ
ô˵ţȴ뵽ҾͲˣͬǽڣܱǿ


26 ͨ鷨
ַһƻİƷ籣ҲǸеһȡҪ֪ոûֵģŵƺһҪһԷıķɳȥĲ飬ҲֻҪشС
һ㣬ΪԱԼַ࣬лЩա
û뵽籾Ȼ˽ʵȻƮƮģʵ̺ȴ൱ĴַһûнԷ𻵣ûܹ类˶Զ롣
ڹˣ㣬ٽɳϴá
һգۼ䣬ĹٴϮһķȴûиոôçײǱƮַӲֻҪӽַܡ
ߡ
ַ治ÿɷһԷûŪȥֱӶԼַ֣ҲмԷϻֱԹԹ
ַߣԽԽ󣬷·ΪһӰĳǽַΧĿռȫȦߡ
ַȴվ˫ֽηʨӡ˷
𣡡
𣡡
ʮֻƽʨųֶ籡
ףɴ۾ַܹ۳似۽磬ּǰֻڴ˵֮УӦ޾֮ǰļܰɣӿʿУҲû˵˶似
⡭ӡɣԼ˵ģϧǶμѾЩģˡ
һĹַηʨӡ۵ĻƽʨѾȫֶҧ˷ϣַȵұ
ȻһĺȻ
䡭
ʯͷƽʨӣȫͬʱԱɵ˺Կ׽һڶʿɱǡ
еɢַ֮Ŀеķ籾Ȼֻ˵ɫЩ԰ףǴһһ㡣
ַ۾תһȦµһЩеĹԽе档漴һץҪǷ籸ȡ
ŭ۾ȴûȥʱ廹ŷϴһ˺һۡ͡һ³һѪ
ʱͬʱԶ
ס֣
顣
ַüͷ΢ŵѾӴ˷ϣȴ˿
ಡಡ
һһӰɶͬʱַ֮ͣ䣬Ǹոַżλڳ̫С
ϣ׳ϡ
ַȺλϹ⡣λҲȺӦȻŻһˣѯʸոյ龭
ҪƭȡַĲϣ˶ڳڴˣ֮û˸ܿͱʵĴ
ɫЩ죬ոûֻǾûѵãȴ˵û뵽ԼȻô׾ͱܣǲʡ
壬塣ͷѾ֪ˡ
ԣַӦܺߣԼȴǲ׾ȥ˳֣ΪŰˡ
ѽ㣬ʲô鶼ûҳ֡λҲ̾
ս鷢ɲһˣԽս̨սģǽ죬ȻΪӣ֮˾͸˶ˣǻص°
ûôأҿҲǶҵʵ˽⣬Ҹոճ̫ˣԲųֵֵһµģ㲻˽Դ򶷰ɣַˣ籺ܸȤԷӡҲԺӴ
Ȼ仰ڣ࣬ΧЩʶˣҲһЩøС
λϵְάڵ򣬱ִ´˵ŮҲƻڹصģѣȴַô˵Ҳһɣ̨׾ͰŪȥˡ
ҽЦŰ֣кڵЩĵǸɸȥȻͰ̫Ҳˣ͸ַԱߣ׼һ𿴿ġ
ոֵַʵȷʵǣͬʱڣַʿȫѹˣ֪ûʲô֮
ַ棬ˣ̫Цʡ
ţˡ
ǣǲھƣͬЦʡ
д⡣
ߣҺϰҲһȥʶһڵաкţѾͷһ֮ȥ
⡭ַһĵϣôܳӰܴѽòãûԱЩĵֶʼ
ַȻõ˰̫еڣʵܹ黹Щͬģô⣬ҲܶЩȷָߺܶ·
ܹôʱôﵽϰʦĳ̶ȣҲָⲿֹϵġ
Ǿ߰ɡַںߡ
ͼҲĸҲ뿴Լ
ҲҪַʡ
ǰ˵ͷͻȻ뵽ʲôϽ͵ҾԿţġ
ַҡҡͷ˵ûϵȻʵǱӦòͨɣ
˵ͷʵ˵ѾǰƷͨ鷨ˡ
ַŶһʣϰʦֻƴôѾﵽϰʦ𣿡
ַôΪƷͨ鷨ֱΪһǴ֣һǾ֮ĲʹȥˣһͿԱΪͨ鷨һֻܳΪͨ
һǷһǱΡ
ŷ˼ֻѾǰڵЩһԪط򣬶ǽ֮Ԫ̺ȫָͬ
ĴڣָȫԪעıʱҲ˰ϸ֮͵εΪͨ鷨֮ϣȻиΪӽĴˡ
ϰʦưƷͨ鷨ҲǾһޣֻжϰʦʸȴܹƳЩ˼ˡ
Ҫ֪ͨ鷨֮ԻҪڷ֮ǰһͨ飬˵ʹͨ˼
ͬͨӿʹãͨ鷨ͨʹ߽ϵһĳ̶ֳϺ϶Ϊһңĸо
ַһʼ֪ͨ鵽״ʲôֻǴӰ̫иԼʦ֮˽⵽Щ֪ʶѣ˽ͨĺӦڸոԼηʨӡķ籵ʱͨĳ̶ȾȻﵽ˷ܵ˶Ҫܵǣĵز
һֱҲԲ˴ֱ̫ӵİӰ쵽ͨĳ̶ȵġ
ԥһ£ܿͻشȷʵҵʵ޷Ƴɹģڣϰ׶ΣԸģҵķܹ֮ﵽ׶ΣҪΪʱ򣬼һЩĥɰǿ̶ȡ


27 𺳣
ַһˣΪڰ̫иʦУйⷽĽܣһѾЩĲ֣Խܵĺ٣ַ沢û˽⵽̫ࡣ
˵䣬Ѿ򡣰̫Ѿһ̨̤ַ濪˷֡
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ַ淴ûϸЩһ㾭鶼ûУҲֻŰ̫дڵʦոնôٿԪѡ
һ¯ȴûʲôһĶϣûЦҪ֪磬Ԫ֮ǵ͵󲿷ֵĲϴӱҪ߳Ԫһεģõ͵εĶߵεĶôܣ
ҲֻںԪ뷨Ľ֮вԪܶϽ
Χ֮УֻдﵽڵʿſԿʼΪҪΪڵʿӵԪ
֮УҪľһڡ֣͡Ҫڡܼ򵥣ҪȫϡڡľȴҪ㹻ϸĿˡַ棬Ρڡϰɡ̫˵
ڸַʦҲᵽʱٴһ飬ҲΪַַһЩڴ
ַ˵ͷȡһƴϣͶǰĺ¯֮С
ԽһĲԽãͨжֲʹãǽ֮УϽǿΪ㷺һԣһڡָֻ߶ֲںһ˼
ں֮ǰҪᴿַᴿĹƴĲ϶¯Уַ浱ſ磬ֽ𵤡ͷųһԪ͵ظŲһ˽ȥ
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ڶ顣ַٴȡһϣ˦־Ͷ˳ȥͬʱƺ¯֮еԪֳһֽѾɵĲϰŻ͵һߡ
ܿ죬һֵĺ䱬ں¯֮
ʱ仺Ĺȥַڵ֮⣬ѾֹͣۼڷȺ̸ˡ
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˵ĵһǡڡ͡ǡҲǶԵһĲᴿֻᴿ֮ĲϲܽСڡֻСڡ֮ĲϣſԽС
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˵ߣڴַĳ֣Ҫ˵һε׻ʲôƷʵĲϡ
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һʱ䣬һϣǺģٶԽ죬˵ԽɹȻҲǱԽǿ֮ԽǱԽ͡
ȻвųһЩ׷ʦһҪòϵĴûбҪĳ̶ȣʱȻõĸ
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ʼƵΧ֣Ѿ϶ַΪҪᴿͣôʱġܶѾЩͷʱԽǱԽǾַóˡҲûѡ뿪ǵ
ʱơֵȴȴûн죬죬ȥˣһֱַ滹ûг
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ѵ߷սλϵĹನǣΪЩϤǸоʲôϵıҲþ
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Ҳͬʱǰ˶д߷𺳣־ϲȥô䣬ϲһĻ
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28 
ͨ鷨ͬͨͨ£ÿһʿƿصͨ鷨ֻһ
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ַ㵱ʱ֪ҲԥչԼҲҪѡϵͳĽģΪϵͳֵڣԼĽһֱǳʵеߵεġ
ʱ䣬ַһֱڵרĵϰַ
ľô˱˲֪ԼȴһԼʵҲʶģֻһϰʦˮƽѣϵͳȴҪﵽʦĳ̶ȲС
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ھ죬ײһȫǼϰʦϰʦǳϼִֻ´ﵽʦļ𣬶ϵĻԽϣȼԽߵġ
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Ȼͨ鷨ֻһַƳľȴûϵͳǼҪʲôʱͨҲǶԵģԼòҲǺõġһϣɲ˶ƾģ˶Դ˶кܴġ
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ַҲòشֻҡͷƾôףһʱҪ뷨ͨ飬ʱ󲿷ֶϣֻôһѡ
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ַĴŵĻһЩΣգûж˵ʲôҲûѯʣΪŵ·֮ŵ϶رԼЩЩʲôġ
ŵ˵һЩŶλϵ˵ͷȻȡһһĶһ½ʮ˷ɢµĴС
߰ɡŵַ˵һ䣺εĴȵصڶڣԶŷǰȥٶϿԿ㡣˵Ѿ̤ϡ񷤡


29 ȿʼ
ڣΧһܺʵһڣҲСȵĵһ
Ϊģʽԭ򣬰˴֮һ㶼ǺȶģԽǰģԽܹøԴһεĴȻСжиõı֮֡ЩģΪԴѷҪ´αȽʱܹһҲǲ̫׵ġ
ĳͻȻ˼Сʤ΢ΪԼһΣҲ̫׸ı֣ΪЩǰվûƶǺȹ̵ġ
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ţַ棿Ҫʲôüͷ
˶ڶΨַվһ̫ͻأˣʱ˼һۿַȫͬɻ


30 ˳Ц
ʱ˶ڿַ棬ҪʲôҪ֪һֵıȻ򵥣ҲԶԵġһֲ˵ľգǶԸ˵Ԫһش顣ʮ˲ĴԭϣȷʵʮֺķԪġ
ʱܹǰһӾϣôҲ͵ڿԶϢһӣԪĻָҲһӺôİ
ôţȴַվǰʮԭϣ˼šԼжʮӣַųһʼ˶
ַֻĶʼԭϣǽ⿪˷̨֣ѯʵ֪ɷһЩԭϾ
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ո˷ѵĶʮʱѾв˾һϣ˿ĵڶ鶼ѾҪˡ
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ŵϸ۲һ£ַľٶʮУҲǰʮλңȷʵˣǸ̫˵ı˿ٶȴ̫Զˡ
һȻôҪ¿ЦŵЩŭ뵽ֻԼʱµʱˣôأǿˣԼЩЩͬҲñΧʿǿôȥɣ
ŵΪôգȴЩο
Щ춼ڸλִһ۲ߵı仯ûжʱȡԼ˵飬Զַֻ֪֪࣬Сӷͬһ㣬УǶַٶȿȴĲ࣬żԷᵽһ㣬ҲǱḻֱӸԵˡ
ɲŵʦԼ֪ʶǺŵģܹԳ˼ٶ
ַٶȣֻǾ⣬ֻҪһֹˣ±ߵļֱȵĿɾ͸Ǽˣַܹɾƣ϶̫ˡ
ҲܹһҲһ۾һ
ѾʼõţܹĻôĻҲԻˣٹ꣬ǼӳɳһεСҪסλҲӦǲѵġ
ַıֲʮϲľţʱĹȥһμӱƴʿȫʼ̨ϽԪĻָ
ַڵڶʮȫڱڶǰߵһ࣬˵ڰ˵λϣ˶ǰһ
úúãıҲǺܺŵ˵ҲѾﵽϰˮƽҲͬȡòĳɼϲЦտˡ
ͣ
һ߰ͬʱеֶ̨ԶʣµʮһϾԼεıƴǱ̭ˡ
Ȼ˽ĻУǲпǵıƴѾȫ̭ˡ
ʮ˸ˣռࡣ
ʱȴûʲôɫЦŶԼ˵˵ͷһο˼䣬ǵܵĵӶЩ
Ϣʱ䲻ʮ֮㿪ʼ˵ڶֵıƴ
վԼλϣظһεڶֱƴĹȻڶֱƴʽʼ
ڶֵıƴǡڡ͡Сڡںϵ˼Ƶ˼߶龫ԭںһ𣬾һֵıƴˡ
ֹرգ˶ᳵ·ȡովĲϣֳͶǰĺ¯֮ڣ磬ͷųԪʼ
ʱַǳΪ˶㡣
һκ˿ҪʲôַͬĶ˶ܿס
ֻˢˢˢȡ龫ԭϣһͬʱ˺¯֮УȻʼ
飬ȻͬʱԭϣǺǣɵ˰ɣ
ûдﵽʦˮƽҲͬʱԭϣˮƽܹͬʱƵĹ
ЦѣгʦˮƽԪҲͬʱԭϵģſҰɡ
˿ַΪûие̾ǿʼЦΪԭͬʱͲܹ󼰵Ϊַôɾڻȡ裬ûܹ
Ҳλִ¡
Ҫʲô׵ĳƷȻһЩǿɣôִҲʼҡͷˡ


31 һ
̨ڶڳЦϯ̨ϵڶִȻûôȴҲǶַ˼ʧ
̫Ը
֪ν
ִ¶ַۡ
Ҫ֪һԭ飬ֻмܹģҪΪԪΪ֧ŲУһԭܵ΢Сˣ޷ɵʧС˵½ڡ
ԭԪ˵Ǿڽڵʱʹﵽġ
ο棬ַҲҪΪͬԭϣҪˮƽҪﵽʦеġ
ַô˵ľȻԪ¯ԼʮӵʱȻٴź¯жԭϡ
Ҫʲôжھ
ûַ֪ʲô
ʱԼڵλǿִ¶ַҪʲôˣΪУ;¯Ͳȥ
Ҫ֪һʼ¯֮еɲôȶģʱһ¯ôпǷҵıը
ʵǿ˲סеԪҲ϶вٵͨ¯Ŀɢȥ
ɲԵɢһǺܿǺһ㣬һɢ󲿷ֵʧȥôʲô
һǸӣѵǵѾΧǣпٵ
ִ¿ʼܵˣתͷ
Ϊǰʵַ֤ոյΪû¯ըɢòҲǺܶ࣬Ծڼ
ֱַǰһ̲Ž
ˣִ¶ĿתĿַǰĺ¯ȴ¯һ̡
ʱַѾڳ˿¯ļƣһ͵ǰһ죬ŵ۵ӡѾץס˺¯¯ǡ
أ
һ죬ֶһζ
ԪŰһ˲ͳ˷ڵĿռ䣬ڵһƬߵˡ
ʲôɹ𣿡
ûУôӦʧˡ
ãܳɹЩʦҪ޵ˡ
еļִ͵͵˰ѺǶǳʦַոַǶ붼ġ
ȻҵĻеˣֱַ򿪣Ա㽫ɵɢȥʱ˼ַ澲վں¯ǰһ˫ȭСɫԭϡ
⡭
˶Ŵ죬š
ַθʽȻɹˡ
ⲻܣпǳɹǺ¯еĲ϶Ѿһģ;Ĳôܹǰһⲻܣڵִīվе϶Ÿոֵ˲ӷȡõԭϡѹҪϣΪһʼЩԭϸ׼õԭϲߣΪܹƭǣɡ
īǫ̂϶ˣʱ฽͵˳ַס
ҲкܶģȻոǵӾڸǣǵȴǴڵģոһ˲¯ϢַϵϢһģҪ֪Ϊոճ͵ԭ򣬸տ¯ʱϢҪʱϢǿַ࣬ӷȡĲϣܷŨĿ͸ֶܸܵϢ
īôַȻҲˣû˵ʲôж϶ֻǿɢȫɢ㾲ٴο֣ʼһε
ǸոյǸ࣬ǲ˼ĳɹַֻͽεĲ˳ֻû㣬Ǽ˵εɫٴκ϶Ϊһ
ʮֲϣѾȫһֻʱĲȴʮɫģȫΪһ壬ɣһɢı顣
ʲôϣ
ִ¶üͷַĲδţںͶڵִ¶ǲ⣬ַĲһʼ뵽ĲϸͬҪӵĶࡣ
ַ濴еġ顯ҲǳһҲǾȫ
ӵ꣬еԪҲԶƽˣ޷һ飬ƽʱûʲôϾ̫ˡ
ַȴǿԻϣͺַԭϣѶȷ͸ͬԭˡ
ϵͳȷʵϬֻôһΣͶҵ˲٣ãαƴҲĿʦءַô뵽
ԭϵͳη֪ΪΣȻӵҪַ澡ﵽʦͬʱҲַһЩǾһЩķа˾Լĸַֻǰ츳似ֱӴʹòͬҪЩַȴҪַԼȥʵˡ
ַһֱڲЩַΪڱڵķֶǲܴۿģԸҲûַ֪ڸʲôֱַŵһóϵͳַʱȫ
һַǵڶֱƴ֮ĵһʱȥŸոչȥ֮һʮԭϾȫںˡֱʱ꣬ʮԭȫɵҲǰ˶ѡ
Ҳֻ˰˿飬ҲĴΡȻǼִȴףûнʮԭȫɣѾʧȥһֱƴʸ
ǵ뷨ܿõ֤ʵֵĶ׶ΣΪϲ㣬Ȼӵж쾫ȴֻһĴճɼδѾŵ˵ʮ֮
ʱǰУ˶ƵľһǶѶֻ΢߳һѣַʱƳɹֵǾôȻܽȥַƳ
һģĴ󲿷ҲһʼַЦ뷨ĵϣַܹɹϾεַѾ˷ͷٳһҲ޷ˣַܹɹôЩ˿ɶǸų˼ʶģԺ˴ҲǶһЩʱ
ڴڵĴ󲿷ֹۿӺͼ뱱ڲִ̫¶ǿʼ
ʱ̨Ѿֻʣַһ˻δˣʵǡǡ෴ַĶַҲϵͳڱ˵ķֻεĲǺԣ˶˹ȥֻڴյĽ
֮֮ʵΪַ˴Ƴȼ̫ߣѾķ룬ͨ鷨
֪һϣʱѾСʱˡ
˶ȴЩѹֵʱַȴͻȻһȣҿ
šءһ¯󿪣һŨ΢Ϣ˲Ʒ֣


32 Ʒ
ɫĹȦַǰĺ¯Ϊģ·ˮһ˲䵴һȦһɨܣϯ̨ڵȫ˲һɫı˪
ǣ˴ִ͵վ˫ַƳķĲš
ַֻԺ¯֣¯ڴһžӨ͸ĵɫԲȽȽ¡
ȻƳ˳ƷҵȼҲ˳ʦַЩ˷ܣ½ʦٶȷʵ⡣
ɫı˪֮ͨ鷨뾫ͬɵķеܵõȫͷţٿɣͬƶɵľ
ַὫУе΢΢ˬ֮⣬Ʒı˪ֻ֮۾СȴǸӴĶַ࣬ʹߣðȻӽпܱˡ
ȻʹƳķڷƳɹ֮ǰ״̬Ǵϰʦľ磬ֱΥ̫˼ˡڵִҡͷַֹΪʵ̫˵ԤϣվȻܹƳƷǽΪ˲ŵһ
Ҫ֪ʦȻܹƳƷҲǸһܹƳģҪܳһʱϤ֮󣬲ܻƳҲศϰæ򻹻мʧܼʡ
ַأϰʦʲôʱҲƳƷˣҾڱƴʱ䣬ʮֲִٵģ˶ûмʶģΥʽһԵľƳƷʵЩλˡ
ԽǶ̣ԽǾĲ˼飬ִ´ʱǲšʵǰǰǧ֮⣬ַеǿɵɫСԲɢž˵һ΢΢ˬϢƴռ䣬˶ܹ׵ĸܵ
ִ´ˡϯ̨ϣЩɻתмλõĶִ¡
ַƳĶһǼΪϬķǣôƳģѽ˵磬ҲǶԼжϲ˻ɣʵڲ¶˵ַƳķֻƵִ£ϣõԷѰ
һĻкܶˣЩ˶жϳ˳ƷݣȴҲȷϯ̨λϡ
ûǳƷͨ鷨λμӱƴƳ˳Ʒͨ鷨ڿ϶˵

˲䣬̨һƬȻ
ȻǳƷܹƳƷģҪﵽʦѵǳʦ
ʮϣʮѣֲɳƷʵɲǳʦܹġ
ǶַȫһַԿǵʿѵˮƽô𣿡
ǳʦΪǰ˷ȣʦǲܹμӱƴģμˣɼҲϡ
̫ˡ
õ˿϶Ĵ𰸣̨϶ʱһͷӶߵ֤֤ҪԼոյ׼ʶʲôһǼġ
ȻƳ˳Ʒôģ
ƴ̨ϣվԼ̨ϣһ˫Ĵ۾Īַ棬Щĵ뵽ǱȲأΪڴҶѾϰʦܿ׷û뵽ĽٶȾȻô죬£һһˣܹ׳ʦ𣿡

ʱֻ࣬ڳУв˵жǰַ˵Ⱥš
˷˶ݵĻҺͣ٣ϯ̨ϵİλִȻָѡ
ַǲҪȻϸѯȷҪǽȽɡȻִ¶еҪַ֪浽õʲôַǴȳɼغδ䣬Ҳǲ顣
ڵõִµ֮󣬼˵ֵıƴȻеֵĳǩ
һ¡
ִīͻȻվַѾǳʦǰ˷ȵĹй涨μӴԱܳϰʦ磬ԡΪ˴ȵĹƽΪӦȡַıƴʸ񡣡

һɧ
ַոմ˺䶯ȻžִվҪȡıƴʸжīִµ𾴽ͣ˶С˳
Ҫ֪ǿӦ𾴵ģرֳĹǣƴĹھڣڵĵӣȻЩģȴǳַʵģһǿߵȣŶڵе϶ôһʣǺѽ֡ڡԸԺıƴʵӮ
ڶණڵĵӶǶīִǶһȺˡַܹȥģֳϯ̨ϵİִ¡
ȻͬīЩִΪһڵִ£ҪΪԼ룬ַ޷ƴǶԳ˱Ҷкô顣
ԴһīĳͷǰһæǶþ˭վͷˡ
ī֣⻰˵Щûе˰ɣַʵ˿ΪмʦѵҲڱƴ֮ͻƵĳʦ磬ڱƴ֮ǰûΥȵĹ涨廰ͳ˵
ȻīЩ̬ǶΪԼΣ֮УҪԷչ˵ԭ򣬷ݣôҲӦöִͬµī
ʱַĳ֣忴ϣһõһϣ£˵īڵִ£Ƕִվ˵ַ˳Ҳǲװݵġ
ߣ֣˵ǹأϣû˵ڴн׳ʦ˾ͿԼƴҪ֪ʦϰʦ֮Ŀɲһǰ㣬ټϳƷʣµĵֽǰ˷ȵĴھΪõľ״̬Ƚһ浹ĴȲ첻ЧпӰڲμӴȾӢģִѾƫڵ壬ĴȣλִҲԸ⿴ɣīɿ˵
ͬʱ۾һֻۣʵɣӵڰֱһλã˵ںͶڲӦʣµڵ涼ܵս㱱һңôһǽ̨ԺҽΪ׼ңʱ㱱ڣʱһһӡȻЩʤȵ
īһƣһգҪԵһ
ôô׾ͱ˵
ףܹչԼҲпһѣַδȵõһôδȱڵջ񽫴󵽲˼飬Ƚϣôȡ˼ƽϡ


33 ձƴʵս
ַõһ˵ںͶڵʧҪ󣬱ϾԽǰܷ䵽ҲԽģֻǵڶѣģ͵ķҲҪȶںͶࡣ
οǱӵڰֱϮһκһ˵һвڵɲһܵ飬īôȷʵЩļˡ
Ҳܹ
Ҫ֪ĶīڱصãԼҲʮֿáīˣīҲĺܣ£ͲܿҪһ𣬱δСȵף˵õĻᡣ
ʵϱεС֮Իڰضߵ֧źܴĹϵ˵īΪԼ۰ĶӣѾ˺ܶ࣬£ôַĳԼӵҸ
УζַõһõĿܣҪڵһλٺ٣ϵڵ棬ǲӲī뵽
ȻҲûʲôغڵ棬ִھݵ˼֮󣬻ƫīһߡ
ʵվ˵ַѾʦܲμ±ߵıƴûһִվģīǣͷλִױģĸͼ䣬ǽǽȻͬˡ
ԼҪԼֻվڿ͹۵ϣƽжѡ
Ժܿһִվ˳ͬīĿӦַֹĴʸ
ȴڵǱ޲ߺͼڵʦҲԲμӵĻ붫ҲмɣѵҲҪμⳡȣЩǸûлˣ
ߵִ²䲻ȵ˵Ҳͬ˵ǡ
˶յīĺôģΪľñεĴɵס֮£пܽ޸īīͼƻõ飬ԼĹϵڶ췢ĺڶִ£ʩѹ
ֻ֮ҪεĴ廹ܸı䱱ڵβݵĻô϶⵽ĳͷġ
λִѡλִҲǷһЩ̷ԼĿ
еǣ˶ڵ붫ִԼڵĶִδ̬⣬ִ¶ǾַӦֹƴԭַĴѾӰ˴ȵĹƽӦôڡ
˫ӿ˵໥ִݻҪսӡ
ʱַվ˳
λִ´ˣִ֮ΪµĳʦݶѡıƴҲѾıƴ¾ͷʹóƷСԱĲΡַ浭˵
Уλִ»δ̬Ⱥ˳ƾʲôóƷϰʦַƳķȫϴȹأƾʲôã
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ߣҲòСīվóƷǱģؼǽıƴҲжԷĲٿأһʦϰʦȲٿطսͬǼĲƽ
īĻʵǿʶξڵִ¶΢΢üվͬһӪλִ£˵ڵˣʣҲǲ˵ˡ
īЩûڣԼ̫̰ˣϾȻЩִ¶ϣַܹõһȴҲԸַġ
ǻַܹõһЩڿǵַԼһЩԼҪĶôܸīһأ
ѾڣīҲֻܼźôҪôֱӲ÷Ҫô˳ȣҪȣھӦ
׼÷ַü
ûīȻ
ߣַЦһ˵㣿
⻰һڣλִµǻû˵ʲǫ̂ϵĶڵȴǽǵĵֵ̣õڵִָֻš
īַһ仰µͨ죬ݺݵҧתͷĶߵĶִ¶ʾִ£
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ҵƽʲô˼
ַ΢ЦԿɡ
ҵ˵ͷַȻ˵Կɣȴַ⼸˾Եš
ҲãȻмΪһδȵһĵֶ伫ȴǶַԨ·ǰΣӿǹ˵սʵżȤʹ÷սĻԿԼʵֵһ
תͷѯʵִô
ȻǲϣֲַܵƽģҪ磬ȴյһſͣƬֻ̺ıϣյͷӦȫƾִ¾
Ǻáҵ˵ͷЦȻַμӴȣڽʵսƴвʹ÷
һ£ֽ˵ƵǰδҶھ͵Ĵϳ֣жɻһЩ飬ҶҲԸǱСˣȻַСֵԸã飬ҶҲ̫ԿδȽҸ˿ʮ¹ʯΪĲ
ʮ¹ʯ
ҵ˴гԾ
Ҫ֪¹ʯϡ֮ʱʹһ¹ʯֻͨľҲֱƷļøƷĵȼϣһֻмʦϵʦʸʹá
ʮ¹ʯʲô
򵥵˵δȵĵδеջҲʮ¹ʯѡ׵ڣҲܻôѡڲǳһڣ̷ޱȡ
ַ¹ʯãȴ¹ʯϡСʵϾ¹ʯϡУҲݣѣַгϵͳЩû̫ء
ֻ΢΢ͷǽ˶ԷĲ
һдЭ飬ַѾ˳ǩĵط
νһֵİУʵǶںͶڵ˵ģַڵˣĸڱֱ̭
̭ĸڻǰ嵽ᡣȽ۳ǩȻַȰν˳ǩ
ǩͰһ㱡ĻĤ赲̽룬û˿ϱףַһȡʱѾһǩˡ
Բϱߵַ֣ǹһȣЦȻģԩ·խء


34 ַϳ
˴γǩַһһĺԲ鵽ͬԲΪˡַ鵽ĺԲ򣬶һ鵽ĺŵģڵˡ
٣Сһ÷ҲսȻϣ㲻ҪڡڵĲսߴųζ˵
Χ˵ĴڶսӰǲɺԵģͺ˴̣ӵз˾ſǹ̹˼ʻߣûз˾ǸֿȭˣһֿȭܹӮ̹еĶ𣿲ĩͲˡ
ַûлӦֻǾ۾ȴŵִȵĿʼ
ϳƴѾһֱ̭ˣΪҪų˴ڵΣҲҪƴַˣΪ֮⣬ҲԼ
ַȻ۾Ƕڳϵսȴǹ۲һЩ˵սʽ˵ǵԭס񣬲Զʱڴӿ˵ĺ
ָķշ裬еֱҲһЩ˪֮һͷһЩƺƴˡ̨ʹĲƳɣҷҲǿĺѱ֤ΧսߵİȫЩɢľԽһĽʿˡ
Щʵ£Ȼͨ£еȴȫԪŲһΡַӦš
ȻǺԣ֪ԴӽԨ·ÿһطлٵڣ磬ҪɡֵطͨԪͺ޷֮أֻн֮ʿӵеԪܹʹá
ԪȻͬһεǻ֮ҲЩŵģҪͷԪҪһý֧֣Ƿڵ塣
ΪַڵΧǻԪ֮ԴԪ֮ԪҲܹӳ¸ǿһ磬һᱻСпʮһ
ַ΢΢ҡͷȻҲԼʵԽԽӽ磬һЩ֮еľӢǺȻǰЩֻ㲻ʲôӢǲĻǺԶ
⻹ֻΧһѣϻа죬ӦЩǿϮʱһЩҪõġ
ַһĹۿųԱıƴһ˼Ժ飬֪˵ıƴѾˡһľ֣ٶȶܿ죬嵽ĳɼô˳
鵽һŵսϳ˵
ˢˢһһ̷׳ͬʱԾ̨ϡ
ʦ֣롣
κʦ֣롣
һԶڣһԶڣǸеٮٮߣӵоǰʵڵһһ
һֵʩչƴǲõĵƣҲ˵ֻҪܹһҲûлʤ˽սһʧܣֱֻܾ˵嵽ˡ
ҲһֱƴĲп֮ʧһҲľΣҲֱӵü͵ʱ֪ԼȶԷʵԲһЩҲҪðһƴ˵Ľ֡
رˣʵ࣬пΪƴȫֲһ˵ش
һʼսԱѸչ˹ƣһ͵ڶڵʵȷʵڿԱģһ־ǵضɽҡؼӳֵķֶǿʼҡҡ׹æ˼ȶ
ַǲ룬ںͶɳǿĵӣôǷпǰĻᡣ𰸺Ƿ񶨵ġ
䡭
һĺӷڴΪ˸õĹսЩֶǲģߵҲܹڣڵһʱ亰ֹͣܵصĴˡ
ʱӰ׷ɣͶ̷׳жǽһͨ鷨ڲȡս
̷׳ķһͷϱ߲˿˿ɫ棬Ϣˣ׳ֳѱǰס
еһİɫ̽뽣ӵĵطһԲףһתĻ⻷תʱᷢصʮ
˫һһᣬٶȶǼ죬գۼѾٻغϣ̷׳Ѿռ˾ԵϷ硣
ڶ̷׳ٴξкڵһƴµʱͻȻ
׳ͻȻ·ʩչ˶һ㣬͵ͣ˹ĶȻֻж̶̵һɲǣʵԼ̫ĶֶԾʱȴǼİܱˡ
ˡ
һɫ̽Ѿ˶̷׳üĴֻҪ΢̷׳ͻ
ˡ̷׳Щգȴܷ
˿ô£ս֮еȴԼȷʵһ䲢ԼΪϣԼķϡ
̷׳ĺڵӵгʴԴ˵ķ󣬿ǶԷıȴǴлλڽ뽣֮ԲƽʱҲûʲôǵעԪʱȴͻȻһΪ̴ٵ˲ԼȻ˴״̬űԷһܵġ
Ƿãʵ࣬Ϊԭ˶ǷӳԶԼʵΪʵյľʤһҲȡڷ
ܹһ˲ַ࣬еһ˫ʹǱ̽ոձȡʱͷеè壬˵Ԥ֮С
ڶ鵽Բϳ
˵ٴ𣬵һȴûϳֻг´һȨ
ǿȥǶڵһ꣬ԱߣһֵĶ֣һڵˡ
һĳھˣԼһļʻͦģ˶Ƕڵˣ֪֪ףôƴȻûʲô壬ܲʱ˻ڵ˼񵽱ˣ˵ʵ
Ȼƴоֵģȷ֮ͣûͣͺһˡ
һڵŮӣһڵһСӵꡣ
īʦ֣롣Ůòͷһơ
ڵСٺһЦʦá롭
ֳڣСͻȻһ䣬һ˦ˢˢˢˢĵƥ׵ľͼɶĸΧ˻δ׼ʦá
Ůû뵽ԷȻôƤȻ͵Ϯⲻ³Լĳ޷ȴѾʧȻ
ţСˢˢˢüƥȫЩʽķͷɵеٶȷɿ죬еǷ·ƮеǴл֮˵Ϣָ֮״̬ǱСͶŰһַ˳
һʱ䣬ŮѾЩ׽ˣֻǽֵ֣㱻һЧķұۣܾ֡
䡣
ŮӺһȻӵĶŶСٵȶоȻҲ͵ϮֶΣ޳ܡ
˭֪СӸںٺһЦʦôԲӣȶѾʼǾҪƾֶˣϾʵսɶʵս
ʦñĲУ˭ʵսǶǸľӢ˴֮ٶ֪˭˭ģòڱȶ֮ǰȴкѾһֱʵսƴһͳ˭Ҳ벻Сô޳ܵˡ
кɲʩչƴб飬кҲʼ֮ŻеġҲ˵ʱкԷҲڹ֮ڵģһŮȴҲǲòϵġ
ˣ˫Щ볡ɣĳȶʼ볡֧ƽ˵ȻСӵ˱ӣȷʵҲڹ֮ڣŮֲڵˣҲΪϻ
СӺŮӸ볡ַһڵĲսͬʱ
ڵĲսͬһ˫ɫ
ַоЩ죬ϸڱڵʱʱǸīַ浱ʱһ뱱ڣīȥġ
ҲӦǾȺֵĻЩ˶ոīһ˻죬ԸҲġ
ٺ٣ʦܣȻɲҪ˲÷ŶЦ
ʦģһġַҲЦŵ
ȻԸϻַҲ뱻Էռˣʦܣһͬʦֵ⣬ʵǿΪʦ֣ʵΪʦܣ۽ַʦܣǼ˵Ļ
һڵͶڵκ꣬ǳƺԷΪʦ֣òַģһ㶼гģ࿴˳۵ˡ
ˣȻΪַһ伷ҵĻģֻǺٺһЦվȺȶʼˡ
ʱ̨Χǿ̨ϣϯ̨ϣҲͬʱ˾ڴĵſַı֡
ڣ˵
ĳȶʼ
ȥ
˵䣬۱Ц̧ˢˢͨ鷨ɳһǷ·ͭһķɳͬʱѾڵĿռ䣬ͷַȥһһӡ̩ɽѹһ˹ȥ


35 ɱ
˫ͨ鷨
ڵʿȻͨһ࣬һǹ࣬һƣһ
Ȼͨ÷ŶԷĿͣķ֮ԻƽϵĲࡣ
Ǿ󣬰һڵʿǽ۷壬ҲûɵֵסһҿԷ⹥ƣȻѾǳȫû֣ԼȨԷӦҲֲġ
쵰ס֡һѾվǰһӣһɽ޸Ѿƾȡ˳ԥǰսеķдȥ
ַʵǷڲ÷£ֹҲǷزסģԷһûأԼַⳡƴпܻܵشֱ
ַǱڵˣ˵شҲڶִµжַΪŵһˣȻһַ֣͵ֱиѾܲôˡ
λִ£λǽҲǽַİΣǲǱڵˣʱЩ˼ɣȻҲֻһɲǵʱǾףһɲ֮䣬ҲѾѵʱ
ԴʱֻԼ֡
޴Ŀɽ޸ֻһʹ÷һҵҡҷ·һ˲ͻ飬վǼǿķ֣ʵҲûһ顣
ʱ䣬Ĺٶʵ̫죬һֳĹսԱûзӦŵڶҲѾҪٵϡ
ĹǿȣһȥֱƣֻҪ˳ƣʣµʱл۵Ĵӡҵַ֮ǰӡס
ϧʱԱ߲ԶһִҲվͬʱӳһƥ˲ھ޸֮ǰ䡯һײһƫʱѾʧȥӦеûƻֵĴڡ
īʲôһȣŭĿŶԷ
ȻΪ߳ڵ࣬ҲֻڶԷһιļ϶зѣƷ֣һǿܹסԷĴӡʱߵīסһѾûлĴιˣ½һ˷֣Ҳˡ
ߣīֻЦһûһۣĶǰսһ˿˷֡
ʱ˿ֵ̣ڴľִַ»˼ʱѾˣĳֵȻΪ˾ַ棬Ϊȥ
ԼºҲ˵Ϊάȹվڵһߣ飬ûʱȥᡣ
īһ˵ϣΪòһãȲƻȹأܹסַӰȵĽ֣īһȴֱǵȫա
ˣʮһΣ˵ϱ߼ķڸҲʮ갡ɼһζôˣȻַ治ͨԨ·ΨһˣǵһΧǵĿˣ¹ȥˣԾΨһһˣɼʵڿһͨԨ·Ϊǿġ
ٽַַϵϢֵԶˣǾôȥΧ˵ܶǸСʧ
һ˲䣬ִµж뵽ܣݵһ˲ȴǲ֧Ƿ򵥵һֻܹڴַԼܹ۵ĹֻҪǾͿ˲ֹԽȻ
ôƴһô׾ͱס
˶ûôס
۵ȫһַû̫ҵķӦϻŴӸոտʼһֱŵЦվһֻ˫̧𣬺ǰѸٵ˼ӡĶ
ַǵЦɲ䣬ֻ³һ䣺ӡ
䡯һǿҵַ˫֮ȻŷѸٻΪһڵĽɫ棬·һĽɫףַϡ
ӡķ״̬ػ״̬
Ҳʱ𻷷Сһ׶ֱַϣɽĴӡҲͬʱ
أ
һضɽҡ̨΢𶯣Ҫ֪Ǿӹ̵̨һȫԳܽʿȫһ˿ĶǴʱȴ΢𶯣ɼͷŵĴӡôľ޴
پ޴ҲڽڵĹ˺Χ֮ڣַػ״̬ȴǿȫķʿȫһ
ʿȫһͽ۷ȫһж治˵ػıȷʵַ棬ǰƴȫһȷʵԶˡ
٣һΪжôҲ÷ҶԿͲһԼĹȫַϣЩȷ˷ܵĴЦ
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ڶ죬ٺ٣ʮˣڿٽһˡš
ȻȴֱӽԭΣϵıҲǿʼŤ
ֻǷַϵĴӡͻȻһȻڰϯ̨ϰλִȫ𾪵УͻȻ䡮ǡķһܼ
Ϳӡ֮ϣһϸ΢ѷ첻ϳ֣ѷܼһĳ̶֮󣬡䡯һҳ˷顣
ʲô
ôܣ
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ǷȻǳƷǾķѾ൱һܣĲƣӲ̶ȿֳ֪İλִ£Ѿ̤˷ڵǣڲʹ÷֮ʱҲǲ˵ܹƻⷽӡַ档
ʱַվ̨룬ǽƣ΢Цֻʱ΢ЦѾһ˿ζŨŨɱ⡣
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ŵַһ޴ӡ˲併۵ͷϡ
أ
֮еӦûзӦ㱻һŵ˵ϡ
һ죬۵ĻѾȫ˷飬ȴһû
٣Ȼûɲʲô£
ַЦȻͼһֱ̧ŵٴθһŵֵӡҲͬʱһ
ʱ䣬Ѿĳһ̲һ֮£׵ı⽴


36 ī
ЩѪȣַһɱ˵ˣֱӽԷ⽴Ҫ֪տʼʱһѾԷҵĺ޻֮Ѿǻʤˡ׷һЩϹˡ
ʱ˶֮У֮УѾĴαַ˸𺳵ˡ
һֵľƴУַľַһϣҾɹһδΧΧ˼𺳡
ıƴУַԽڵʵϰʦһƳ˳Ʒڶȫ
ڸոյսУʵ÷£ȻӲסһʿЯ˫ͨ鷨ȫһƿԣЩеĴ󲿷ڽĶ˲䶼˴͵УûзַɱĶ֡
̨ϵĶڵ֮Уûзַոɱ˵ֶΣϯ̨ϵİλִȴȫ
ȻҲǱַ𺳵ǵ׻Ƿڵĸַ֣ոյļ򵥶ȴûӹǵ۾Ȼո۵ҲЩϹأַ϶ҲΪֲض𷣣ǱϾʱַûбɱġ
ڣַڶԷûз֮֮ɱĶ֣ƻЩ̫ˣҪڸġ
ȻڵīȾվ˳
ɲǳַ潲ֱӾɱַ档
ַ棬ɱ߳īһѾŷŷڵַȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ķ֮УһòһķҲ˫֣һ۳ɵĳì˫֮䣬ңָ̨ϵķ֣͵ͷ˳ȥ
䣡
ֻһ־ì»Ϊ˵ǹ⡣
Ҫ֪ʹѾ˶ϾֻΪʿƴ׼ģʱڷʿһֱ֮ӱ
ڴʱīķҲѾִ˷⣬һ˲ͽٵַͷϡ
쵰ס֡ٴγ֣ķٶûжԷĿ죬ҪȴǲףֻջīֱӹȥҪȶԷԾȡ
˭֪ī˸Ͷ⹥ܲˣһĴߴԼķնɱַ棬ķͻȻǰһ͵ػӳһȭ
ʱ䣬һȭݺݵľ޸֮ϣȭ硯һ飬ľ޸Ҳ˻ȥ
һ壬ֻ뿪磬ֻڷ֮йīΪ߳һ˿ķԿ壬˿Ҳÿѡ
Ҫʱģī˸׼ڵһʱ俪๥ɱַ棬嵽׻ǹֱһЩֱҪˣȴΪûпԷѹơ
λִ£˴ηûмӲҪͷַ棬Ҳֲīֱ֣ӽַɱҲûϷīͻȻ֣ⲻҲַĹˡ
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һĴīķѾַ档
ַʱſԷķһŽڱޣʽʮ־ɣÿһڶԲոһˣһ޾Żÿһ߶Զʿȫһ
䣡
ֱַӱҷɳȥ
ַ汻ɣīûаַɣЩʧľŽڱһֿôÿһӦǴ͸ԵĹĽӦֱӽ̴ַɱôὫԷɳȥַ汻ɣпܸǾŽڱ޵£ԼźжҪסԼһ
ī˲ԼһûнаյͬʱڶҲѾѾ׼
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īס֣ԸڵҾߣһһ˵仰һѾ˶ԷֻҪԷһ֣˲ͿҶīһĴ˴
īִ¿סַ֣ڿɱһִһ߰дһѾǰ
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ߣīһȴһո侲ӣЩ˵Բ˸λոİĵӱַò̵ֶŰɱĻͷһʱ嶯ˡ
ת˵ַ˸ոյΪҲǿˣѾ̱޻֮ɷ⽴ΪֱǶ쳣ɱŲңڵĵӣλڵĵҲǲӦġ
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ɱ˺ɱ֮ǵӶҶɱģҪɱҲ쾭壬Ҫ֣ҲֻܹˣҪɱ˷ɱ
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ʱַѾ˻վϴŵЦһ㶼Ľʲôͷ
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ΪңԶĹʱڣΧ֮е˿ǼΪϡٵģڵʱ£ֻǻοٷȥﻹ뵽֮ɱԴʱ𣬾Ͷɱһرӡ
ںһΧǵ˿ȷʵˣǻ֮ȴҲٵЩѪԵϵԹΧ֮в׼ɱˣ׼˽Դ򶷵Ĺ涨Ҳʮ˳Ĵ
ʵϲֻΧǣҲǺٷ֮ĲɱģȻǵಢҲһĹϵ
Ҫɱ㣬˭֤ʵʵڵɱһŰɱΧǣɱҪҿλִ¸Ҫԥֱ̱ǡīš
ؼǿַߵݣеԢⲻʿ֪
˹ȻǸǲһģĶộԺӴ»Ѱ
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˭˵ǣһߣ˿ûߵľ򣬺ߣҿ͸ø֪Լʲôط
ҿֱɱһӰ٣Ժǵǰ֮Ҳû˸ˡ
̨ʼ
ЩڵУ󲿷ֶΪû˵ʲôһ˵ȷ£ȴǽתƵ˿Χ˵


37 Ʒɽ
̨ʮӣϯ̨ϵļλִȴƽνƨɾ˼άλϣȻҪ෽Ŀǣֻ˹أ׵Ķˡ
īȻɿ𣬲Ҳɵӣܾô͸ıԼĿַϵļֵδھǿ϶ᱣסġ
ԥһ󣬻Ƕڵִ·ˡ
ڵٸոڴʹòɱ˵ĹԸַ棬ȻűַɱҸ˾ãȻַҲǷ׵ҲпԭλΪΣһ仰˵ִֽ꣬תˡ
ִ˵ҲӦˡϽӿڡ
Ϊ췽ִ£Ͼ͵ֳˣȻͷˣҲһ𰸣ټִµĸͣ㵱ַ޹
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ַ³ЩȴҲ˵ЩʲôΪ岢ǱˣīַӵܣҲǿ۵ġ
ַʦܣųǲ̽һΧڣſ˵ִīխرʦεīԺɵöСЩˡ
ŶַЩ⣬Ϊ嵥ҪѯһЩԼù飬û뵽Էڵһ仰ԼİΣ⵹Щû뵽ˡ
ЦЦ˵֮кұҪֱӽˣʱܲ׷ҵȥ
ʦѾǿѡˣÿһϲһ㡣²˿ϲһϲ㣬ȴҲٲ²ˡһ㲢ھģΧ趨˵趨ΪľøεԴܹЧõʹá
һ˴ﵽ˽ϲˮƽȴǲȥڵ죬ôǿԼ²ģڸڵЩִ£Լ׼ݼΪְִĳϣһˡ
īΪһڵִ£ĵλɽ죬ַһ죬Ͼ͵ǰīľ
ʦܴԲӡҡҡͷ˵Ȼī죬ȴа취ͨѶϵһ쾭Ӫô꣬ΪҲٹףԴ˶ϲһЩϲҲβ˵ġ
Ȼֵǽ˶죬͵ǶûвյӣȻк⣬ȴΪ˻̫ľڹؼǣ֮УĴľѾΪմȵˮ֮УҪĲƽˡ
˼ǣ֮жң߱ڵ˷𹥻ַһ仰⡣
ûͷ
ȽʵҪľߵ˶࣬λʱڻȡĲȻࡣǱȻλ˵һȥ߽㣬ôǻõ潱Ȳһ̾˿˵ǵ˵һֻڣмӦҲǲġīϲЩյ飬ȻҲ˵һ֮ЩʲôСһЩûдġϾһΣǰ˴ڵִȫҪȥġ
ַ˵ͷͻȻʵΪʲôǶҪȥ֮ӦòҪǽɣ
ԥһ£˵֮һЩ仯ͻȻ࣬еԭ﷢˽ʵܴȻƶвӦûһЩԽڵΪδʱգҲ޷룬Ϊ˷δȻЩҲǽ룬ǡ
ࣿ߶ѾȫˣΪʲôַࣿЩɻʵ
Ҳ֪ҡͷǰҲǷʱ̫Զ˵ʱΪͻȻ࣬ҲһЩˣΪԽߵ˵ϵϰӰ˲ɼϵЧʣԲűǿѹ
ַ治ÿɷ˵һ䡣
ЩִҲŽߣ⵹ַû뵽ģīַԼҲǺһս֮ԶԴ˵ǲ̫ġ
ʱĵģȴһ顣
ʦ֣ҵȼͨ鷨Ҫ´ȼҲǲ֮Ҳδ֪Σգ룬罫ĵȼаգֻϺȴҪʦְæҶִͨˡַ
˵֮أҾͿԴȥһЦַŶڵ֮ȥ
֮أֱҵĹ£ȡ֮
һһֻа˸ִ£ⶫ֮صĹȻҲʶģ֮Ȼо˵ҲΧ֮ˣ໥֮ദǱȽѺõģȻǲôСΪѶԷ˵˼󣬺ܿΪ俪һ̨
ʦܾڴǣΨһһɲҪǣ֮߿ӣʱʱ̴٣ɱˣǾͺĪ֮ǰر𽻴һ䡣
ʦַģһġַЦ˵Ѿ̨ϵķ֡ʱǷڵĸ֣ҪַҲҪһֽˡ

صϢгīִ֮ȴ
ִ£ַ֪ȥˣڵִµһӭֱӿʵ
Ŷַ棿ҸողŴȥ֮أӦѾʼ˰ɡ˵
㡭ִ±һ䣬ָ֪ҪȥУҪȥһ
ִ˵žߣȴſڵ˻
ʲôʱܴǳʶ㶼֪ǹұڵĵӻٵͨ鷨֮вɼʲôòϣֱΣգߣ⻰˵Щ֣˵ȴʮֺʣֻ⻰һֱӽ˵Ļ˻ȥһû˵ȥַˡ
Ͼī˻Щ˾Ǹ˼ȴҲûµľϣΧǵķһĹϵġ
֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬Ǹϲ߿ǾЩϧˡڵִ²˵
ģϲұȻ˴ȥġ˵ֲһ䣺ߵʸͽҲûʲô𣬽ȥкη
˵űԹԻصԼķ䣬Ϣȥˣִֻ´۵Сۡ
ַܵвʱûмʱ֣Ҳѹ岻Ǻˣʱиڹ˼ǣַ֮أΪȫȫĶȹʱ䣬ʱ߿ַҲľͲ֮أ˲ɼ˲ϴг󣬱ֱȥȥ
壬϶Ϊ˱ַ棬ٱЩЩùֶ˵ǺǣһִЦҡͷҿҲżˣַ֮뿪϶ҲὫҪ˽ĶģʱֱҲһġǻǱﰭˣʡִ»Ҫǣڵĵӡ
˵ִ꣬µ뿪˹ϢıԺ
ִ㿴ңҿ㣬ڶڵһ̾ϢҲ뿪Ժ֮Уٴλعƽ



ڵ֮Уһ̨һ·쫷Хһ
ַվ̨ϣ󷨽󿪣һǿԪϴеĽͷŶХžһͶ뵽¯֮ڡ
ʼѾȥʱˡ
ַһֱھĺɫɽ徫żϣûż
Ͼʱ仹磬ƷһҲò˶೤ʱ䣬֮ǰַҪģץϵͳµ֮Ϥһ£ھɽʱ򣬲ܸаա
Ҫ֪ϵͳĽǸɽĳƷϣֻһݣʧˣҪɽҪѰҲϣ¾ˡ
ʱˡ
һϾϣַ洭˿ʱ䣬Ѿǵˡ
ʱɽȺɽɳƷ֮ôﵽ߿ʱ䣬ǲõ˻Լˡ
٣û뵽īǼһﾹȻûַ泰һЦҲԣϾǶڣīҸں˺ҲҪɱңȴǲڶڷ硣ϿīЩ֪ǳ
ַ浭ЦţɽѾ˷֮С
ͬʱֵģʮɫľϡ
ʮϣÿһҲַڰ˷ʮϾֱɫɢܴࡣһ𣬲֪ܷӳ
ȥ
ַһָǰ¯ոճܹƣлһ˿ĺ¯ءһʱв硣
Щϡٵʲôַû֮УһʱʮԪһɳͬʱʮϣԼɽľ¯
ѡһ¯Ѿպϡ
ַٿеԪĽʮ龫ϡ
ȼ˵һʮַ飬ѡϾʮ鷳Ҫϸѡ뷨ϵĲϣȻƵʱҲҪεĳʶһѾõĲںϽҪ̫ļɡ
ַΪϵͳĽҪԼѰҲʡȥΪ鷳Ĳ裬ֻʣںϣǾͷˡ
Ԫ·һУں¯֮зתţʮ龫Ԫϵĳ£ʼۻ
ǵ۽֮ҲϵͳһַûַַڵΪҪһԵ۽ʮ龫ϣǲܵġ
ʮ龫ڻΪʮɫľӨˮΡ
ַ£ЩӨġˮΡλõĺɽ
ڣ
ַĿתһ£Ԫ͵ֹͣתȻʮξġˮΡȻźɽȥ
ȡ
Ԫ޴£ʮ龫ȫڽ˺ɽС
ʱַ˫ʶһѾԪΪһΣ˷źɽȥ

ַһԪѾõ˼¡
һӡ
ӡ
ʮӡ
תһСʱȥˡ
ʱַͷѾͷ󺹣ΪʱҲЩҪֲסˡ
Ȼʱ¯֮УɽͻȻˡһڷĽַͻȻһɽĸӦ
ɽڳˡ


38 
ɽڳˣַʱѾ۵ÿҪѣ죬ȴǼΪǡ

һȣ¯Ӧ
ֻءһ죬¯ֱӱ˸߿գֱײڶ˵ķϲű
ɽҲ˵ӥһ㣬ˡһֱ׷¯ǵĺײ˷ϡ
ֻ¯ײϲͬɽȻҲǱ±ߣȴûоʹ˰ݣǡ䡯һһӷŴ򱶣ŷ־ͺݺݵȥ
䡭
һضɽҡ
𾪵һĻˡ
ڸֶɹƵ̨֣ںɽһ֮£Ȼһڡ
һƳڷϣڲһɲǵʱѷ첼˷ϣšһ˵ķ־Ȼôˡ
ô£
˭ƻ֣
֮صĹ֮ٶȷǵһʱ䷢˷ֱƵ顣
ǵǷǰȴַֻ󺹣·һվһ·һƾ޴ĺɫɽһĶ֮ϡ
ţǡ
ļϰʦǿɽ𾪵ĺϲ£죬˿Ҳţƾ˵ķ
ʵϡ֮еĴ󲿷˶ûмʶĳƷżִʹãҲûмЩսʱ״̬
ǰĴУīʹùһγƷŽڱޣΪŽڱ޵ٶ̫죬ʱڿ̨ϹսУܹŽڱ޵˾ͺˣ˵ܹĿˡ
Դʱ˵ϵĵһνۿƷɽǵʵ̫ˡ
ƣһڵգѹֵ˴˶ҿǰɽͻȻɷ顣

ַͻһ
ɽ·ܹһ㣬һ¡¡ΪӦȻಡһ´½˲Ѿ˰ƴСַ̯ϡ
һַѾսԼķ֮С
ʱַĽԱߣһɽ·ĵͯϵϤַķ磬ż˷ᷢһ¡¡
ͨ鷨ӵģȻǻôҲҵʶɽֻǳƷĵȼֻǸӡַϲá
ͨ鷨ΨһһȻƱ˪֮һͨ鷨ȴֻһԼͨġ
νͨ鷨ֻͨķͨ鷨ĻֻͨƷһҲҪͨķҪСĶࡣ
ϲַʦƳƷͨ鷨λ֮صĹǰء
˲źܶ࣬ҲǴﵽ˳ʦļԿַʦֵƣҪǰкȴǲʸˡ
ַҲǱȭǰЦҪлλʦֹգַ֮
ⶼӦõġλЦŵַʦ֣ⷨܲܺӦǴ͵Ĺɣ
ַ˵ͷȷʵˣû뵽ƷȻô󣬵ֵһ۷ʿˡ
λ¹Цһ˾ɲֹһʿôǿķȫʹԽսķֻڴ˵֮Уδֹˡ
һȴ˵ҿַǼ񣬱ϾڵʿΣӦƻ˷ֵģַʦȴӲƻˣ˵ˡ
˳һ£ŵͷеϧǶ˶Ѿߣȴֲٴνˣεϣַʦֵķˡ
Ŷַ΢΢ȣô֪֮һõⷨ
λ֮һһԴЦ㿴Ҷˣִ´ˣǣַʦ󣬸㣬˴֮У߿ܻЩΣգʲôȴǲ֪ģӦǵڵʱͻİɡ
ַŵͷԭˡ
ڼˣʦֻȥҲ׼λѵ
ַʱ䣬ȷʵˣ˵˱𣬱ֱӷ֪Լĵطȥ
ڣڶ붫֮䣬ƽʱ֮У޷ѰֻÿһεĿʱŻһĿռ֮С
Ȼ޷ƾеϢﵽڵļΪִȴܹ΢ĸӦߵڣԼֵʱġ
ϢԽԽŨˣʱ׼еĽʿоˡ
ϢΪǺܲȻѾﵽ˽ڣǶһЩԵġ
ಣ
һ⻮ַٶ
ַ档
ַʦˡ
ڵĵǿַ浽˷
Уַɳ˱ڵӢۣΪĴڣڽԽߵĵӴӵ˽Ķʮˣ˾űࡣ
ԭûлߵģΪַȡ˵һǲŵǰȻջĲϽд󲿷ϽɣҲһСֲϻУҲǼֵƵġ
ʦϰʦ֮䣬εˣַʦϾͲͬˣЩΧϰߣԶʦʦĽַЩ̫ӦЩεĵͷӦš
ַ棬ͨ鷨ôˣ
ַߵλãԷôһ䡣
˳ַ򵥵Ļش
Ǿͺá
˵ͷȻ˵Ȼ߿ҽ㻹ǲҪȥҪϣʱջĲ϶һ־ˣûҪðա
ַĬһ£ҡͷһǴԼȥϾҲԨ·һ֣Ӧ⣬ȻˣҾбҪȥһ
ַô˵Ҳû˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷַҪСģС֮е֮⣬ҲҪעνߵˡ
ϴβμӴ֮˲ȫڵǿߣϾڣʵȱٳʦӵгƷĵӻмġѡ
μڴȵԱƣһǲóΪǲܳϰʦ硣ԸڲμӴȵԱһǿԱڣʵŵϾǳʦ磬ԲܲμӴȣȴԴڽߣûġ
ַлԷֻںɽΪƷ֮󣬹īҲɱ˾гƷΣ
ϾͬǳƷҲǿֵ֮ġַţϵͳƷķ϶ҪԼƳĳƷҪǿġ
ȫÿΧ
ַĬţͻȻԶִ¶ͻȻһȡ
š¡¡һռζһ޴Ļƾճǰ͵ɢһ׶ֱԲκڶһŨ͸


39 
ɢԲκڶɢһɾ˵Ϣַ֮֮ǰκһҪŨȿΧƵǲ㻹ҪŨĵطһƽڵʿǲұ֤ܹ̤룬ڵǿ߽֮ضҲܵӰ졣
ע⣬֮УʮŨǱҪҪʹԪһսս֮ͷַڵô˵š
ڵִҲͬĸԼĵǡ
࣬ôԪ֮Ȼͻ٣ԪǻԪ֮Ԫ֮ϡٵĵطԪĲҲȻǸ⡣
˶ĬĬͷϢѾǿơ
֮ǰȻڵִ¶Ѿǣûд֮ǰ˭ȷߵж٣ʱ֪ǲף֮У²ûô򵥡
߿ŨҪͳһȻսǺ鷳ֻǵھϵĻܹ֧ŵģһֱûзʲô⣬һοûôˡ
뵽ʮ߿ȻÿζȥҲ֪ߵ
֮Уеһ㶼ǲҹģΪڵͨ鷨ѾԺɨ󲿷ֵЩȻ࣬ҲӦ壬൱ǻ۵ģȻ֪ܻ࣬һ㲻ᷢս
սĻЩڵĵȫԺɵתԼܼ˳ɾϡ
ͻȻǣеضҲΪıǶʵʱǾͲһ֮ɾˡϾЩ֮кܶ඼߲ΪԴȪģȻǴﲻҪȥɾϵġ
࣬ʿʵѹƣ֮ʵǽӡһһɾʹˡ
ĻҲһͬˡǾһ̫ǿ󣬵ʱԼĵ˳ߵʱ䶼ûУǾˡ
Ҫ֪ЩԽߵĵӣɶǸг͵ľӢ
Լ֣֯½ʱòҪֿ̽һ˵ڵߡ
ַ˲Զڵִ¶ȴԼĵǽڡ
޴Բκڶз·Ũ˼£ڵĶʮ˾Ѿʧˡ
Ҷ˷ʱ䡣ڿʱޣٹһҪʱֻܳܽˡڵӣһߡ
ڣߡ
ڣϡ
ڣϡ
һ֯ԾԲκڶ֮Уַ˵ıλмλãǰ˿·Ҳѹ󣬵˵ҪȫһЩġ

һ۾ʱַѾһƬİĿռ䡣
ռ俴ʮѤղǵɫҲ͸һȥռ䶼ʵԪء
ʵ⵱ȻʵģԪ֮Ǹָ
֮УഫоŴҲ˵оɫ̬ҲǽȻͬģַڿȫǺɫģΪ깥Ѿһ󣬶ܲٿصǺɫġ
µ֮Уڵȴǰе
ռ䶼ɼŨܴﵽʲô̶ˣⶼЩûбֵͣطһڵʿҲǼֲסġ
ﺬıʱԪ֮ˣԪ̫֮ӣٷɢͺѸоĵˡ
һӶڵڸִµĴ£ֱһλȥ
֮УԪҪãЩ˲ûв÷еķʽȫ˫·һӶһߣɢ
ߡǰͷָһ͵ȷ˹ȥԪҪڳ˻Ķ࣬ǲһġ
ߺܴӦһС͵磬Ҫ̽һҲҪ̽ܳһʱ䡣
Ϊߵ̫ȶʱżƣ޵ģһνһ˾кܴڱ˶ߣ
ÿΪ˰ȫһ㶼ǽڰ˾ʮϡ
ȻÿζǸһʱѿÿοķλȴһģΧ򣬲ѾǱɾĲˡ
ڶʮˣַ壬һʮˣѾǱνԱȫһȥҪȴﵽһûвɾϵ󣬲Żɢ
ಡ
һٶȷɿ죬㲻ԪЩﵽڵʿҲǶΪѸٵġ
ַΪʾǿѾҲǴﵽ˽ڵľ硣Ȼǰ˵徳绮ֵģʿ֮Уòƻû˵Ƶ֮
˴Լһʱ䣬ͣ
ǰɫԸΪѤһЩ֮ϣҲǶһҫŸɫâľ塣
ˣ￪ʼǰһЩûвɾϵĳԽڲϵҲԽߣҲܶﶼΪԽڲǿҲͻԽ࣬ϣоԼʵ޵ľͲҪ̫ˣֻҪϸһЩΧͬвСջ񡣡
忴һڵ˵ڵĵʵ̫Ȼ࣬ջĲϿŲǰ
ǡ
ʮͬʱӦһȻһֺ󣬱ǰɢ
һЩԾʵеģĵȴļһܱ֤սпԱ֤˷ɢĲϡ
Ҳмǵжġַ棬࣬Լһ˱һ
ͷ׵ؼ䣬ʶİģҪһʶϵ˽ֱ治ЩǲϣЩõĶΪЩǴʵĿ֮УҪԪнѹܹʹá
ַȻǾѧϰģѾ֪мгĲģͳһ·˿û˷ʱȥ
룡
룡
ַ治ֱֱɱǰ;żһִ׽һ
ЩЩˮЩǼӲ֣Ǵ󲿷ֻһЩһʡ
ΪЩʲʮִԵʣҪرѹܷԪַҲȥǣֱӽս˷֮Уǲܲˡ
ףʲô
ַһ·ǰûͣΪ֪ΧһûʲôöģУҲ඼Ǳǰ˸ھ˸ɾһ㣬Χû֪ˡ
һȴǾԵġ
ʱַǰһƬɫ˵⣬̣ͭ


40 춥
ǰɫͷ׵Ŀ֮Уһɵɫڻ䶯ҡҷţһںʯϵĺ̦
ַǰһξ룬ȷԼжϣȷʵһͭɣһּΪ߼ϣ뷨֮УһЩԻЧһЩԻΪķ˵ǼΪĲϡ
˵ôһͭӦòܳΧ򣬶̵ͭĳ֣һ㶼һֺ춥Ŷԡ
ô˵ͭѾǳַǰַ㲻ܲȥ
ſַ浥ǰһУʱһԪӿֱӽ̰ͭڣҪ
ʱͻ
ֻ¡¡¡ͻȻͭڵķλһԼǧ׵ľ޴ͻȻ֮ͭ˳
Ǵͭģֻǲ̵ͭ·һֱǱڵر֮£Ϊַĳ֣Ž˳
üһԭһֱڵ£ѹҸӦַ泤һ
δ֪Σյģո̣̽ͭвûк춥򼣬ʵЩģʱ춥֣
ַֻܿüͷ
ͷ춥ĸͷЩ̫ˣûдﵽȷʵҲǲˡַϱ֣
Ϊߵʱ䶼̣ܶһ㶼ʵλͶԶԶģΧ˶ĵȼʵǺܴԵģһҲǽ䰴Ϊȼ֡
ֵֻĽҲǾܴΪЩĹʽʿǲͬҲܴĺ˵ʲôʽǡ
Ծַ֪֮ͭгк춥򼣬Ҳֻ֪Щ춥඼׳ʿʵȴǲ֪춥ﵽǧ֮󣬻Ƕôǿ
һַ治֪ΧҲ֪һδ֪
ʵ˵
ַ˫ֽӡͬʱˣ˶ĺ춥򼣬˫һʱ䣬һʮֻƽʨ˶
ЩƽʨÿһͷҲа׳̣쳣ź춥ȥ
Ȼ춥İٶֻһֺɨֱӽͷƽʨ˺˷飬Ƭ·һĴһУֱӽһͷƽʨӻΪһ̲ɫ塣
͵һ˸ڡ
Ҫ֪ƽʨӿַηʨӡ۳壬ȴǱ춥ֱӻΪʳʳȥȻ춥ʳҲǼǿģһڸΪʳ
ѹͭΪʳȷʵӡַֹһ䡣ȻʮͷƽʨһغϾͱһ룬ȴҲܵ˺춥ʵһ㣬ַΪǲܶԸֻǶһЩĶѡ
ַĽڳ˵ǿҲ˫أΪоԪĴڣԪ֮Ǳȱ˿࣬ϣҲûбôں
˫ٴκַͷųɱ¾Ӣӡ
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ӦҲΧһб޲ߺʵķʮֲпģʲѵΧΪ޷ٸ߲㣬Դ뿪֮һӶ޷ټԼĸʵ
ڵӾˣǵĸĸͶڶġ


41 ı
걾Ѿӵ˽һʸֻҪĿֱܹ졣ǣȴԼִµĶӣųϵݣһڹ׶Ȳڽᣬ˻ûа취
Ͼڹ׶ȣЩǳ˵ģǷɾй׶ȣΪżͶ֮ڹ׶Ƿȱ֮ҲΪ˻ȡ׶ȲμӵġһֱڵԴܲܲһ㹱׾뿪˵Ҳ˵Ĺȥġ
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ԣڵϣڳַ湥½ʱһ뷨Ժ֮С


42 տ
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ַī׷ɱ֮󣬺ܿ˼η֮󣬱ٴڲȥ
Խڣ߹ĵطԽ࣬īҪĿռҲԽַһɽٶȷɿ죬Ϊ似ԭ򣬸ͲԪģܿ߳˼Զľ룬ʱīⷨʿ̽Ҳһʱ޷ҵַˡ
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ַӰһ⣬ûκͣߵǰ;ҲϣǳһЩرȡõĲַ˳ս˷֮У󲿷ֵĲַ涼ûʱȥᡣ
ε֮УַֻһĿ꣬Ǿǵ۽գ֮⣬һжǴҪġ
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ͬ壬ЩȫͬԨ·ĵڶ㣬֮УַοЩĿ

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ںַľŵٶȱʱȥݺϡ

ɫܱҵķʱȴǷһ˿Ħһҧгݡ
г˱ŰϢ͵˿һţֱַԾ˹
ַüͷ΢壬ո֮Զ֣ҲΪͻȻҪʵһԼոյ뷨ѣڸɫսַûȤ
ȤǣɫһɼΪϬʮֵϡ٣ȴʵĴڣӦһּΪ߼ĲϵĲ
ֻɫܿѾ޽ӽڵʵԸһķѲԪֻǸոտʼԵ۽յϡг̶ȣпҪķѼʱҵսܻܿήҳѼϵٶȡַ濴ǰտܣԥϵͳ϶ᷢҲ´ҪһϡϣһڵǲŹЩȽϺĲˡ
ϡеĲϣҪʱռʮѣַŻԥ
Ѿӽǰտܣַüͷһ壬̾ˣһֱѰңҲһҵ۽գȰϡвȡҲ۽գҲȥ˻ȡա


43 ݵӡ
ݵ˼տѾ˸ǰ
ַ˼ͬʱ˫ֿٽӡǣɱ¾ӢһһҷǰտӭȥַһӡǺʮͷƽʨ
Ȼƽʨɱ¾ӢۺͲĹ״̬źܶ࣬ηʨӡͷٶȴģʮͷƽʨͬʱԱȻСΪԱʱûףʱ򷴵ܹһ˿Ч
ʮͷƽʨХų˹ȥɱ¾Ӣ۶Ĭ΢ͺ˰벽ȵǰҵıը֮󣬲Ȼȥ
ɫĵͰ˱۽İ˼ͬʱűը֮еտնɱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ַҲǰ˼־ŵֽĿͬǱըĵտܡ
һ˲ĹʮǿңĿ࣬һֹ㹻ɱʮͨĽʿ
ǵըɵ籩ɢȥ֮տַܳǰʱȴֱüͷ
һȻֱ仯ַֹš
ǰտܴʱѾȫīɫƤðһĽᾧ·һɫʯ׸Լϣͷ֫ؽڴǳһļ̣Щ͡

տܷͳĽе˼֣΢΢³͵һε·ڵһַ浯
ַһ˫ٴνӴӡһʱ䣬ΪһŽ棬ַϡ
ʱտܵĹҲýٶ
ءһַ汻һ»˳ȥڿУĽ涼ǾҵҡҷڱײһϣɫĻ涼ֹͣۿҪܲסһˡ
ʲôһ֮ʵȻﵽ˷ô
ַʮ־ȣٴι۲֮󣬷տܹȻʱԵսһʱ侹ﵽī޼ĵز
ˡַ氵̾ԼùȴҲûҪӵ˼
ȻѾսôԪֱߵĻ̫˷ѣַֻһﲢûīôǿʱʵҲǾԵġӦ֮УʵҲڻ»ģַоԼԷһԣԼһɽּټܣɱʱҲ١
ԪˣҲƴһ¡
ַ鿴һ½֮еԪոյս֮ڻʣ²߳ɵ
ɱ¾ӢۺͲĹϲɫᾧ׵տȻûʲôвģַĹֶβֻӡǣˣַѾؼռ󽱣ռĽݵӡ
ַı
ݵӡΪؼռǼģǼ򵥵Ľ֮УȷԽɱеĽܡݵӡҲʮֵĿ̵ģһʧܣôʧģֱӾַ
ݵӡͷųǿĵϢӡ÷ΧڵȫģǿѹƣСԷǿԼСԵһĿͷŴӡǣɵѹƷɶԸ߳ԼһķǿЧ
ǣݵӡ޷Էȫѹƣпɶֿ񱩣пս˲䱩һϡ
ַظݵӡУڽһּ飬ʵڰ֮ǰַҲҪīʹһӡǣΪī࣬Լ߳һ𣬾ǿȺܿܳԼ̫࣬һݵӡ޷ѹƣô֮īɱַ϶Ǻѹʱַ淴ԼʯͷԼĽš
ַԥ֮һֱûʹһӡǡ
ڣͷտȻǿ󣬵Ǳûﵽڵľ磬ֻΪĳ츳ʱԼǿ˷ڵսѣټַԸоԷǿҪͬ࣬ʹݵӡĴ㡣
ˣһʹݵӡһʵԶԼϣַҲЩġ
ƴһѣƲϣ롣ַ뵽Ѿüᶨ
ʱɻ֮л裬տһ֮ûַ׷ɱǷһЩȥɱɱ¾Ӣۡ
ȻΪַ澳ԭɱ¾Ӣ۵ʵ޷տ࿹⣬տҪɱҲҪķһЩʱġַǳʱ䣬ٵĽһӡǡ
ˢˢˢ
ַ˫ֿٵĽӴһӡǲϳͣȻƮǰǰ㼯һ𣬻ںɢһɫĹâ
̫ˣҪַ֪ڽӡǲӡҲһʱܹͷųΪݵӡ̫߶ˣַڵΪҪͷųÿһ඼ǲʡԵģҪͲͷųԵѾʮӣַĽӡûϡ
ǰɱ¾ӢѾˣۿҪտܵ£ַҲЩ
㣬ٿһЩٶʮ߸ӡܹͷųˡַ˫ַ·Ѿ˻ӰһӡһƮɳ
ۿһӣݵӡҪȫɣǰȴͻȻһɱ¾Ӣ۲ʵĺУԼտܿ񱩵Ĺֺ
ɱ¾Ӣ۱ˡ
ַ۾ǰһϵĶȴ˿ûм
տҲǿַĶȻģǱȴһǻһǻ壬ǵһһ۾ͿַʱɵĹʮֵµġ
ûΪԼʵǿַ̫˿ɣΪԼı״̬ܳ־ãԹøա
ۿַڽӡտ˿ûҪһĺģֱþȫ٣ַ˹

ֻһ˲䣬ʮտѾַǰ
ͷ­΢΢£˫֮䣬üĵλϣһ̸Ϊϸ̶׼ַ棬·һһ㣬ַȥ
ʣһʮ߸ӡǣ
ַͫȻݵӡѾɣʱ׷ӡ
磡
Ľ·ӵԼʶַǰ㼯տܴһ֮ϣȻһʵײһĴ졣
ȻͿһĽǲһ㻩ѿȻΪһɢ֮䡣
ʮһӡǡ
ַɳȣʮһӡǣ˵գܹ֮ɵ顣
տܵĹٶҲͬʮֵĿݣַһ˲ͿԽʮһӡǣտһ˲ͬԷһιǶ㲻ַݵӡҲһܹˡ

տڳЦһ㣬Ľͬʱֻǰ̧λڹؽڲλͬһأɢ⣬ݺݵַȥ
ǧһ֮ʣַ˫Ȼ˫͵ֹͣ˽ӡǰһȵݵӡ𡣡


44 շտ
ַһ˫͵һʱ䣬ǰո۳εĸӡ͵طҫ۵Ľ⡣
ͬʱַ֮еԪҲǲҪӿһ˲ͱ˽ӽһ룬ȫ뵽ǰĽ֮С
տܵһѾ˳ҵĽ֮Уȴ޷ǰһ֣Ǳԭأ˲áֻеһֲѹӣԼ

տЩǵĽţֻ۾׳˿־壬һ˲䣬ܹȷĸܵԼսѸ½һֱ䵽Լԭȵˮ׼ֹͣڼš
̧ͷǰֻ࣬еһ˲䱬Ϣ̫£еһļ¡һ˲ȫɢݾ˵ս½ǷڵʵҲ޷ԷϢ

һ˲䣬ַϢѾȶ
ʱǰԭѾﵽڵտֱӱϰĴڣַ温ǣһĨʽЦ⡣
ֻͨ츳Ϊû뵽ݵӡ¾ȻֱӴԭΣѹֻᱻôࡣַ濴ѾԼϢѹȵ޷տܣԼû뵽ݵӡôǿ
ֻͷųϢûĶͨ츳ڵտֱܾӱѹƵȫ޻֮ˡ
ַĳֻͣһ˲šտܾĿ֮£ַ˫ٴһһٴδһӡǡ
һεӡûڿںϣֱӴտܵϡ
ʱַͻȻһ޴
ǣģȻտʮֵƣȽտܸӵľ޴ϢҲǸӵǿͷ֮ϣһɫͻǴһɫĻʹڡ
ͬʱտܵҲͻȻƬ̣ͷλãһֱֱ֣ȫĿӡͷ֮ϣȻת
տܣ֮տһսʿտһеȺտȴֻͨĵͽս
ַԺУĳһĻĻϢǹտܵһļϢ
ΪڵԨ·Ѿ£ֻտܵļϢҲȡĴУΪҲһ壬ӵеǻȻ࣬ҲǼߵģһֱҲǴŷԼ֪ϢȫԴеķʽԼĺһ

տܹսѾûԭȵıŰǶС
ַ΢΢һЦһǰȥͷλõĸţտܲûзŭǳһ㣬Щš
ݵӡĵڶЧִ
뾻ƿӡͲӡһַݵӡҲӵЧһǵϢѹƵȼԼһϵĵˣʹȫΪ½
һִΪִַжᱻŤתַΪԼ֮Ϊƿء
ոտΪϢѹƣ츳ǿʧս˲䱻ѹ˲٣ټտһ屾Ͳǿ壬֮һ¾ͱַͳ˲ֹһȽףַ治ϴ֮ͽѱġ
ûѱִһЩƱ˵ʵڵտɺ͸ոûʲôΨһͬǣոǽַ浱ˣڣǽַ浱Ϊ𾴣ΪҪƴҲҪػҪˡ
ȻݵӡԵ˵Ŀܲʵϣûа취ƽݵӡִ֮Ӱ콫ǻһֱڱִƵϵģΪȫٿصԭַҪѾٿǣҲͲھͿִƸ
仰˵ݵӡִȫƵΪַӰ֡
ȫƣ㹻ĸȫԿݵӡһԼĵ۹ݵۣǺǣʱҿ²ǵҲʤƵˡַǺһЦתЩźҡҡͷϧԪ֮ЩϡˣԪָٶʮֻݵӡͷһξҪҰԪ޷ʹáҪԼġӡҪԺ֮ˡ
ַ̾˿ݵӡִȻԶʹãֶַֻӰ˵Ļ»ûյҪΧȺ֮ˣʱݵۣܵˡ
ַ̧ͷ˿ܣҲͬʱɢȷΧû֮ϥһʱָԼԪ
ͷһݵӡַڵԪֻʣɣͷŲӡĻֻͷξͻȫѣȫǴںΣյľأʱûȥɼǴϡвϣʼȫĻָʵ
տܾ޴ַı棬׶ߵ΢΢ǰ㣬ڵصַ滤ǰؾš
ãá
ȥʮСʱַԪڻָ۷塣
֮еԪ֮ʵ̫ˣһΧ˵֮ҪԪӿָԲҪһһҹʱ䣬ַΪ֮оԪԭٶȱȱ˿屶ֹΪԪҲȱۺԻָĻҲҪһʱ䡣
Ԫָ棬ַǴӵվһֱػտܣ¶һ˿΢Ц
īĻ¾ͺѶԼв˰ɡϾֻտԼ츳ǿ֮ҲܹﵽڵʵѾԸƴƽˡڼַս鼫ḻսԶͨ۷Ĺ̥īܹȫ˶Ǻõˡ
ϧ֪ҵԸȥһ㡣ַһߵķϡвϢĵط

տֽܹţڸַ潻ʲô
ִ֮ãַȻܹտܵĻȴܹ׶ԷˡտܴʱڸԼϡвϵãӦһֿԽᾧĲϣһĻտܵľ׿ԵõĽ
ԭˣտܵľ׼Ӳޱȣǲɱ¾Ӣֶ޷׶ɴĴˣܹȴǿԵһˡַЦЦһ̧֣͵һ
ءһһһ״Сӡַ£һֱ쵽ǧ⣬Ȼ͵ᡣ
汻ַһóŵ÷飬ʯ֮䣬ַӡһСᾧӵص˻
ֻԲԲ·һһɢɫâûаǣַ潫ٵǰԿһ˿˿ĽɫϢ߮иɫĺһ㣬ӿ⻹֮вϷڡͺһԲ֮һ㣬һֲ׳ĸо


45 
֮УһЩ֪ʣҲǲ⣬кЩ϶ƴڣһȥкܶʱǱܶڱʱޣһԶ
£ַȴһĵطΧɽˮһЩɫֲҲƵĻҲɫġ
⾹һԪ֮ء
ַʮֳ˸Ϣ̫ˡҪ֪֮Ул֮ʮϡٵģ֮ȻҲӦòġַ⼸ѼϹУֻǷһƬ֮ضѡ
ౣౣ
УһֻīĴӥš
·һӰڵأһ·ɫʯһܡ
еĴӥ֮տֻ΢΢̧ͷһۣٴεͷǰûжһ£ϥš
ӥûеõӦԥƬ֮˫һ񣬱㡮һ¡
һɫ磬ֻչӽʮ׵ĺɫӥٶȿĳ棬ֻһ˲ﵽز׵ľ롣һֱ콵䵽ʱšһſ˫ᣬͣ˿С
ȻǣֻɫӥڿͻȻСգ֮׵ĳȣϵĺɫëҲǲϵر仯ֺϳһźɫһĶȫڵصʱ򣬾Ѿһ۵
Ķͷ֮ϣһʮۡվַ࣬ȺԼҪָԪ

ַ泤³һ۾
СʲôôַʵĿ⿴ոսɺɫӥ仯ꡣ
ַƺС˵ͷò̫˵ˣǱߴԼʮ⣬˵ĵ۽Ϣڡﻹһֻػһ;УһڽӽƬ򡣡
ַࣿ΢΢ü
С壬ַǰݵӡִշ£ڵʵ
Сصٶȳ죬֮ǿΪַݵӡеϢԽȫԣڼտܵİæַշܱܿɱΪ˲ʱٶȱַһɽҪ֡
ַݵӡȻϿշ£Ҫ֪ߣԪ֮ѷ߿ʱʮޡַȷĿ꣬ԺܶȻַ۲ȴҲΪշǶ˷ʱ䡣
Ȼ⼸ַοʵǿÿշȴҲûҶ˼ֻǽС£ļٺ̽۽յĴڡ
һЩҵԪ֮ؾͺˣٶȡһֵĻǳսӦÿʤ˰ɡַ̾Ϣһ
ԵĶħһԱΪǿѪħ˲䱬Ѫǿʵ
һǿַԼΪΪ£ֻһտܵķСٶȣܹٽѪħ£ôһ壬ַ֮ȫͿˡ
ʱ˵īΧһִ֣Ҳ׶Լˡ
ַָԪȥշһȻٻָԪȥշѪħģһʧˡ
СȻҵ˵۽յһŵ۽յķȥǱЩ˵۽գԷûĻãǲϻѵԼҪȥô
Ҫ֪ϻ˵һЩϾö֮Ѿ˵õǿ϶ԷҲûʲô취
Щһ֮⣬ǿɾ˶ϵ֮ˣʱ׳ɹҺ׼ߣ»òʧ
Էмˣַԥһ£ջǾȥѰҵ۽ա
ϾһֱϵͳûԼʧϵͳʵλ
ʮˡСش
ʮˡַƬ̣ȴ޷Щ˵ʵơ
ϾСȻʵǿȴûеĿ̽ԷΪķֻƾо֪ԷʵǷǿһȺԶԶľһҲֻܸоһȺʵǿȴĲмʲôΪġ
Ҫ֪۽Ĳϣ֪ڵִҲҪƨƨߵĸϹȥġʮ߸˵Ļпڵִ¡
ַڵʵտܺС𣬵Ҳһʹ򲻹ԷؼҪ˭ǶںͶڵִ¾˵ˡڣֻҪӦûʲôġ
߰ɣȥһ¡
˾ַһӽտսԼķ֮УֱӷԾֱϰ֮ϵĸ߿ա
·СҲһԾͬʱѾΪɫӥһַ£˱ϡ
츳Ϊһ࣬ӥ֮ҲһֱȽϸ߼ĴڣĴ󽫼
Сٶȷɿ죬ʱڱַһɽҪһЩ·ĻȻʮֵģʮľ룬С˵Ҳʮӵ顣
һƬƬɫġɹַСܿ͵˷ֵ۽Ϣĵط
Ȼʮ˾Ϊ۽նġ
ַеǣīҲʮ֮С
ԩ·խǱִ£ǿҲЩƣī㶼Բ㡣ַһ䣬Ŀתˡ
ڣڣڣڡ
ַһɨʮ࣬־Ƿڵִ¡
ڶںͶڵλûгĻַһᶼûˡ
ʮУִΪ˸īΪִʵǿߣ䵱ʱӳְ𣬷ҲȻ
ǵĶǽ塪ա
һֻɫսףëҲɢĽëɡ
ʮ׶ߵĴһȭȥܽҳһ޴ĿӶڵִ£ͬǷڵҲ΢·ѡ
ַȴóղʵǿͬĳ츳
յ츳ӦǿԼտܵ츳ЩƣȴԶԶǿտܣΪտ磬ֻе壬һȴǸߵ壬رе塪գ綼еǿ塣
ַСĽ֪ͷδֻ꣬ڶѣʵûгɳսʶǿ⣬ĻԴǿ壬ǼͨķĶ֡
Ҫ֪磬δﵽ֮ǰֻǵ͵ģһͬʿտܶ򲻹˵Ǵˡ
£ôأ˵֮ûгֹʲô߼𣿾䣬࣬ҲӦֱƾճִհַͻȻһǺܺõĲ²⡣


46 ж
Χ˽ߵĴҲǲǼûʲôΣգҲмɱһֱ֮Уֱ˲ű˷֡
ңڵĴմڣ˵һҲӦгڵĲŶԣǳڵĴʵѾ޽ӽǿǳǿܹס
յĴڣͻȻѵ˵֮ͨӿڣַ
¸ǿЩʱ򣬾ӵ㣬ַҲûȥ磬ο⻹ֻǸ²⣬֮߻һŶôǿѰӵҲһ׵¡
ַǰе۽գīˣԼҪ
СȲżȥַԽµľӥС˵
ɫӥԣ˫͵һವһֱϸ߿գգۼѾΪһڵ㣬ˡ
ϣī죬ǴȴҲ쳣ȻΪףͷյսʽЩۣνһɣֻƾԼǿƷһĵˡ
𣡡
һŭӴյĿд˫Ȼ𣬺ݺݵһΧʿϡ
ֻ͡һΧʿʱķѣȻһ¾ͻΪѪֱӱһҵĻҷ
ȫˣ츳ѾҪˣʱƴʱ䣬ҲҪӲīһϽ֪ͨʮʿ
ļִµǲҪѣϾǷڵĸˣôԸҲЩġ
ˢˢˢ
īһһʮΧʿȫɢһ飬ĸλΧŴգ໥ֻ֮ҪһĸϾͻ˴󷽽͵Ϯתڷܻʱ򣬸ոձ׷ɱֻӺ
ֻڣ˵Ҳ߰Сǻ۳̶ȣսʶҲȷʵ̫īת
ۿվҪ״̬īڽ
ֻҪ״̬һͷվˣһͷգϵĲϾԱȵϧϰ
ִµѾʼƽϵȻĲϷˡ
Ȼʱͻ
֮УͻȻһɼΪ˵ѹ˶ǸеĵĿ־壬𺳣һִûйѹָС
̧ͷϡԿһӰһͷ޴ӥϣٵĴǹ˵ѹϡ
ʲôˣīǿ񣬴ʵ
ֻܴһ룬һУΪµķԼǿľֻǷڵʿһԲǰȻѹ󣬵ҲܳڡڵĻīߵļΪִºû̫η塣
ûз֣ʵһѹǶͷŵġ
ʮΧʿİΧм䣬ʱһϵĹڵϣ߰ͷ­нµӰ
Уʱַһ޴Ľ֮һͷڵĴ
ձǽһߣַӰеĴոеߣַϴʱɢѹµͷ˵ɢİ
ִַһ˫Ѿ󼸸ӡǣƮҡŷյüλá
ûи״ī˿ַµĶŷӦȻգȴִʱĴѾַշڻվʮ׸ߵȻվʿ֮䣬ü֮ϣһָոճͣȥɡ
ʱĴﻹиոյҰִַ̬շ֮󣬴ʱĴչؾأȻսʶԾɲ죬ȴһ¿˲٣ʱȻѾһʿΧȴ֮¡
ǡվȻշ𣿡
˭˭շգҪ֪ô˶޷նɱĳǿ
īĿɿڴĿգΪС̫޴ϵַ汻ڵ˴󲿷ֵΣ·Щһʱ仹޷ɫӥ֮ϵ˭
ַͺɫӥԽԽͣеɻҲǽ˳
Ȼ
ַ棬ַ棬ѹܹշգΧǵֶΡ
ҲշյıͺˣǺɫӥĸ߹࣬϶Ҳշġ
ʮУ𾪣˸̾Ҳв˼ʣϣźӥӰԼ
֮⣬һҧгݣɱӿ֡
īַ֮ˮݣʱַ»һֻʵԱټϸոշĴգīȻһɵӣףֳַɳٶȣٵȥ¾ûлὫˡ
Ҳ˵ܷշǰͷգһظȫʢʱڣַӥ⼸˾;ԲǶ֡
ԳڴոոմӿīõɱַĻᣬãһҲҪնɱڵ
ԭַ棬ڴ֮ɱͽ֮ɱˣ½ۿӾǱɱġīַָΧ˵رһִ£ַɱ½ʦ֮ڵִ½
ʱ½ѾõﴫϢīַг𣬺ܻܿ޻ȴǶִµĶŮԸȻ˵˵ĻģȻ˵ۿַɱ½ʦֺλʦ֣ôͲˡ
ʵϣԭ˵ַɱλʦ֣˵ǻɣΪҲõʱЩԾַȻᣬӦòȻս٣ǺôҲǽ۷壬㻹ǿĳġ
ֻΪʱڳľôˣַ滹˭λʦܲɱҲԼɱˣѵīִɱôԼûпīִʲôѽīִΪҷ֮ôأ
ԣΪ벻ףȻľΪֻпַֹأŵλʦֵġڶԼ˵Ļ໹ǿ飬ֻ˵һƣûп϶˾ַɱ
½УѾԸַ涨ɱ֮ˡ
ַ棬ɱ˳½ʱѾŭͷԡ
ī˴θīһΨһԭҪѰַ棬ΪԼĳӱ
Ҫɱַ棬īҲҪɱַ棬ټīͬ˵ִ£ĸɱַĻضֵǶû뵽ǣ̶ַ̼ʱУܺʵѾˡ
ַ֣Ҳˡ
ߣ½ɱ㳤ߣ㻹ΪɱҾΪӱô̵ַ


47 Ⱥս
ַ½ӱɱԼȻ㶼ûиҪˣɱҲˣɱ˶ѣַˣͲܿģƣðȻѰЩЦˡ
ϧӱɱȷʵʧȥǵġ
Ī˵Ѿ˼ʮĸĶӣһ໴ӤΪԼѪ⣬ֹĸҲж֮ʹġ
οĻַĻĸΪŷҲ֪½϶Ǹġ
˵棬ַ棬½Ѿ۾˫һһصѾС
ͨ鷨ַܶ࣬ЩпĴңعһģһЩϡٵ⹦ܵķҲȫǿٿصģ½ֱУһʹõȴ֮١
ַףַΪңصԣ϶ǿƣпǿľһ档
ʯ֮䣬ַѾжϣʱ½ѾŴص
ɱ
޴ĵ˺˿ռ䣬ھַ滹ǧ׵ľ֮ǰѾͷ
ĵâ·Ͽأʿȫһʱչ¶ɡ
ַ΢΢ɫӦâֱԱ˱һ
ͬʱСҲ˫һ񡣡ˢһһܶȥ
ַ浭ȵ
һֱǫò磬ոѾ½ᣬϧ޷ǵĿԼôַҲûȥĵıҪˡ
Ȼֻʣ²ԪǴϣֻСӦҲܹȫԷġ
ʱַСֿߣһһ·ٽ䣬գ֮͵½ĸǰһһҷ˹
½ʵ̫³çˣж֮ǰûиī˴кȵصѾīŷӦȴҲǰˡ
ַŵִСֱһӥֻ̤ӥצץȡֱӷ·ŵȭͷһ½ȥ
䣡䣡
죬ַľŵֺСӥ̤һһͬʱ½ϣҼл˼ӱĴˡ
Ǵ㲻½ҲЩˣû뵽ַٶȺ͹ôǿͷɫӥΪոַֻ棬ҲǱѡԵĺˣʱڳ˴
ַˣٴ̧һƺݺ¡
ȻʱīҲѾִ֣һ˵ַľŵ֣ǺСˣצ½½ȳ
ۣ½̲ס³һѪ
ˣû뵽Сٶô졣½ݺݲһǵѪ˵ˣҲɣ֮Ĳ࣬ɲֻϵġ
һ˵꣬½ͻȻһ󷨽确䡯һ򿪣һһģһľ޴ڷ֮С
޴ķа׸߶ȣһ̧ʱԪУֱӻΪһ½дصһģһķ
޷߳磬ȴڷ֮зһʮ׳ص½ķУֱӾͿԶ֮ڵκһط
½ٴγǰ
дص𣬷֮УеĴصҲͬı
Ƿʿǿ֮һ˵ˣΪһڲٿأʵӣԲһһô򵥡
ɱңҲҪûǸ¡ַЦͬʱ򿪷硣
ַֻķ֮Уһ׶ߵտַ򿪷һ˲һѾ˳
տֻн۷ʵ츳ȴʹܹݵͣڷڵʵϣǷ͵ķ֮ķҪǿʱһԾĵַǰصһ½ĵͷһͬʱۣۡһ³һԲֱ½ȥ
ٶȷɿ죬գ۵½ǰ
½ȻǷڵĸ֣ǿƥǷʼһ̰壬ܹһտܵףȴҲͬ޷Էͨһ
û취½ֻʱ˫ִصѸ£ȽԲնɷ顣
һֵʱ䣬ִҲͬʱſ˷磬ڳ˷࣬ͬʱַС˹ȥ
ߣǲʲôʱַͻȻһ˵
ī˴ʱѾīһ˴ŷԸַ棬ΧС𡣿ǾʱΧСʿеһȴͻȻһҽУһŰ趼ֱҳ˷顣
Ǵգָˡϣʮ۷Χʿʵλִ¼ս岻֣Զһֻվڵϡ
һ˸ոۿѾΪ񱩶ĴͻȻָ˻͵һ´ӵվֶ̧վǸһȭ
һȭ̫ͻȻȻǻ棬Ѿִ·ҽˡ
ܣտ֮ع״̬ܶ޷ôܸȭī͵غˣַҲʱ£ٴ½ַտܡ
ַЦһʵڴ֮ǰѾǰͷ˾ƿӡֻΪƿӵķַ̫ͣ˸򣬴һˡ
ʱַĽ˵ߣûע⵽ƿӽһطֱձַշī˶ַȺ֮ƿӲΪƣȻָ۷״̬ΪձΪǿսʿԼʹȫ״̬Ҳȫѹһķʿ
īȴַϳͷųɱ¾ӢۣϾŵտܣĸΧɱ˹ȥ
գ֮䣬Ӹո½īĴһַΧŹ½䷨ࡣ
Ȼɱ¾ӢۺͲΪַľԭֻͣڽڵ۷壬ֻҪУҪ½һòһʱ䱻ַŪΪǱտǳûһ˷֮Уصڷ֮ϡ
һĿ꣬ҲǴΪոձЩ˺ΧòʮңȻɱһˣĲ泩ʱش˶Էһִ£ʱΪ˷
ǰ˼;˫ӣֱӽʣʮʿȫſڵءЩڵʿûִǵָӣʵּΪޣ޷赲յĽ
ַȴûôսЩ˶ɱϾЩУ󲿷Ҳֻ¶ѣûַֻ֣ԹսַҲֻǵõִµҲôսǴ˵ġ
Ŀִֻ꣬¶ѡ
ʮָһָԷȫӵз࣬Ķ԰˲㣬ԼȫɱԷһˡַ۾һܣīϡ


48 ɱī
ʱַһգտԼСڷֱսλִ䷨ֳ֮࣬Уֻʣַ͸ոΪȴջָīδս
ʱַ¶ɱһˣûнĿѾ˵ִ£ֱӽĿ궨λīϡ
ȣڷڵʿ˵ʧȥһȻӰսȴӰ쵽̫࣬Ϊ˵ԭ򣬴ʱҲѾΪ˶Էص㱣Ķִ£īڣķ£ʱ׼֧Ԯ
ַʱбɱĶҪīˣַ沢º֣ϾҪصΧǣɱִ̫£ʱԵǾͲˡ
ȷĿַ꣬εսʹԺ˲ƶսƻֱͨ͵ֻµԺС
ɱ
ʱڼսĴյͬʱΣλսȦΧī˹ȥ
ţãĿҡ
īһַȹԴսһʼһֱηηں󷽣ΪıԷΧס㹥ҲõԶ̿Ʒû뵽Էѡ˲ʺϰΧһǿ
һ˴ĸ
Цˣ
һվܰԼĳ⽴οʱտķ༶Эַͬī˿ɣ̧Ⱦܡ
ͬʱЩλʦֿûɱַ棬ʱַһЩһضҲܵشֱܿ
īпɬʵҲ֪Լٶȱ֮պտܶҪϲ٣ǶٶȴǿԼֹһҪǣԼѹضǼġ
ִģ϶ܹڸʱڽַɱͷﶼַܵĿƣʱַһЩһӦþͲ׷ɱԼ˰ɡ
ַЦһīǱΧȻ˵ĻȻԼͷƵġ
ʱִ¹ȻԼַȴǸ壬һѾ˺󷽣Կֻǿٶȱս
ַ棬㲻ǺܲôΪʲôͣһս½׷ַĺߣī˵ҲǽĿҪַϵġ
ԱߣִһһңַΧ˹
ַܣʵޣȫʢ״ַ̬ƾݵӡԷһս´ƽҲпܣڣַڵԪ֧Ųٴͷһݵӡ
ֻʱܣһɽƵƵʹִҪ׷Ҳôס
ոյļսһת۾ͱ׷ս
һַͷսʿ׷ɱīһΧִ׷ɱַ棬߶һսȴǽȻͬ
ַٶȱִҪһ˿Χ׷ַҲǿܣīͲͬˡ
Сٶȱַ滹Ҫϲ٣οٶȲַīˣֻǼʱ䣬īͱС׷ϣ˫·Ÿֵһ˲ͻī֮ȥ
ˣҹīòӭսͬʱ̧͵һ˦еľŽڱޣžһСϡ
ƬСľ޴ӥϣһĿӣСζΪ֮һ١
ôһͣ٣󷽵ĴҲѾ׷
ԲС˶ٵȭźХķ͵һȭ˹ջؾŽڱ޵īܣֻ̧Լеķֵȥ
أ
һ졣
Žڱ޾ͷ·𲻴һû𵽶ãյһȭݺݵīϡ
ͷīԷ൲ԼǰΪע˴ԪŵסյһػīǿȣֱӾҪһȭˡ
ַˣҡīٲҶ˼
ʱ˵ɱַ棬ԼܷŹλִµľԮһ
ۿŴһȭ˹īˡ
ߣȥȾīִ¡һִº
һִ¶īѣȻҪ˼īϵķַ棬īǱ߳ȥ
½мַ棬ֻŰַɷ飬ĲīǱȷʵΣȱ˶ԷİԼһˣ治һܹʰַ档
û취ֻһҧҲǸִȥ
ôһһأ˲޽˷˲ٵʱ䣬īյء
Ҳܹǣ˭׷ַīأ
ִµٶȷɿ죬ۿʱܸеīߣֻҪīܹٶȼָоܻȡ
ǾʱһֱַܵȴͻȻҲת˸򣬴һִܵµǰۿѾҪսˡ
ߣһڵСӶѣﶼ޷˵īȥҲǸ˳ɱĻѡ½˶뵽ûмأĽ˹ȥ
ַаЦѾʱˣԷȻԼʵЩЦ
ۿѾսȦΧַ˫ӡɱ¾Ӣӡӡηʨӡ
һӡɣʱ䣬жһȺսһѷīȥ
һȺСٶʲôãȥ
īĻеľŽڱޣⷨȻΪ㣬ǹʵǿһ˦ͷƽʨɱ¾ӢҲǱĻȣһɢ֮䡣
ˣַֻǸѣĹԴյͷġ
𡫣
ˡ
յӰٴγǰīд⡣
ԭոյһ˲䣬ΪԼȫԸַЩӡհѷ˹û֡
ҴʱտСҲѾٴγ׼طķ࣬ԼǶľ֧
ַ棬㵱ɱңΧִ£ɱң˵Χһݲ㣬ȡ죬죬ҲҪܾ׷ɱ޾׷ɱס֣һȥΧ䣬Ψһĳ·ס֡īŵĴȡ
ʱ;ĩ·ûа취ˣոͲԼһӲġ
ִҲǷԼոսַŹȥǶô޴Ҫ֪ոīͬʱֿͷѾǼˣ֧ŸӶܣٽַŹȥΪѹյһݡʱкҲˡ
ַ棬Ҷִ¶֣Χǽû֮أס֡
ַСӣĪҪ󣬸Ͻ־ܣҿΪ飬ȡһ
Ϊīհִ´ȵʱѾ죬ֻЩַˡ
ַôܻΪԷļϻͷɱأ
˵īֻһͼִ£ϲִ£ڵһַȷΪˣֻҪлᣬַҲԻ취ɱġ
ɱ
ַһŭȣյȭҲѸٵĻӳݺݵڻӶŽڱ޷īϡ
ۡһѪĽ


49 ۽
½˶ˣЩʧȥսȴŵĽʿȫɢѪסˡ
һִ£Χ˵λִ±ɱ
ûС
Ҫִ֪УɲΨһķڸݣǴϲ㣬²ݣɱǣǵڽ񣬸ǵڵϲĴһжл·
ǽ죬һִ²ˣĿŵִº͵ǰԼΪбķʽƬʵš
ոַѾ뼸ִ¿սʵҲֻǵһսѣû뵽ַɱִ¡
ַ棬㾹ȻĶִ¶֣ɱִ£Ѿɱ˵ˣڶΧϲƣɣɡ½ȻָīѾΪѪƬɢϵʱûзߺ޵Ĵ󺰴УǿЦ
ߣ½ûۿƾʲô϶ɱӣǻ˱ˣͱԩɱɱӵȴң⣬ҪĽַԱʣʱûпīɱˣͲѡɱԷһЩķԼˡ
ߣַ棬ͲýƱˣɼŮʲôЩ˶˵ɱˣǾͿ϶ɱˣڽƱҲûá½һĺš
ʱīһۿŸûлɱַ棬пܱƣҲϳˡ
ַҪڴ˽һ£ǿԼĲīǵʱڳŮӡ
ַ仹ǱȽģŮ˵ȷʵӦǱԼֵεĶ࣬ǣô͸ҿ϶Լɱأ
ַ浱Ȼ֪һжī󵼵Ľ
Χһ죬˴ȻоǱ˴˹ϵҲǲģΪΨһĶŮԸȻǸִ¶Ϥ˵ĻŶҲǼߵġ
ī㣬ȻʼҲûп϶ɱˣֻ˵Ŀɱ˶ѡī£˶ǽָѡĺԵˣȷַɱ֡
µַûʲô˵ˣһУҪȵ˵
ԷЩ˵оȻ˿ţҲһʵǵˣԼʱΪģһ֤Ӧú׽ҿµࡣ
ۿַ޻½˻ΪѾ޻˵ԼСˣڵʵҲûа취ȥģʱάȣ˷ǲ֪ˡ
˲ɱģʵҪɱ˸ҲϣִҶɱɱִµĶʲôòҳϵģַͻȻ˵һҪ죬ȼ࣬һΪʲôҡ߰ɡ
½ַĻҲһĵִ¶Һ޹˼ɵɱɱһִµĶ᲻ҳϣ
ַȻ˵ҪԺ൱ʣЩȻҲǲԸٶ࿼ˡҪǣڻսս
սûɣûʵܿսĽԼЩ˶ַɱһɲһƲӣողɱһִ£½ʱҲסˣղɱˡ
սֻЩӶѡ
λִ¶ǻ˲֪ˣȻƤƤ֮ѡʱǻܹȷġ
ߡȷ½
ʵߵģ˶īհϰˣ¾Ҳʵǲס
ַվԱߣ΢һ㣬һò˼
ִųſ磬ЩʧȥսĽʿ˽ȥīĵӣҲȳһȵִ¸˳Ǵڡ
Ƭ̣˶˸ɾֻʣַԼºͲա
ڶˣԪ̫࣬սȥȻǻشɱԷһˣҲΣˡַ泤һŷԼıĶЩʪˡ
ոȷʵڶġ
ȻɱīаյģΨһûаյ½һ½ǲǣֱӳɱַԪѷ׾ͻᱻʱ˿϶᲻׷ɱַġ
÷ʧԪѷַʵڲұ֤ܹùԷĹʱɱԷˣԼ˵ĻҲǲġ
ַոӲټºԼֹ˼Ӿס˶Է
Щȥ۽ȡȻϽȥԪ
˶ʧΧ֮⣬ַǽתɷģʽȻСϣŵ۽Ϣɢķλȥ
ڴյȣַҲûнϾҲҪԪڵַ˵ΪҲ̫ݳˡ

ɫĵƽϣһɽһЩһߵɽɫҲǺġ
һɽ֮УһɽرߴƬɽ֮УЩȺĸоеһɽΪۣ߳ɽıĸ߶ȡ
ಣಣಣ
Ӱߵɽ֮ϣǴַС𣬴պտܣǶǷڵʵٶȱɱ¾սҪĶ࣬ǱȻƽʨ֪١
ֱַӸɱ¾սͻƽʨ´ֱǿԪ֮ȥҲǰ̽̽·ˡ
û۽յϢޱŨ۽յķС
ַڵ˼۽ϢΪŨĵطɽˡ
ǴյϢأĺۼֵǣĺۼǺܶ࣬Ҳ˵ڴ˾סʱ䲢Ǻܳ
СͬղܻΣ˵Ҳ߰Сˮƽܲ
ִַͨϵȴҲѯʲ̫õĶΪҲ֪ԼǴģûгԶţΨһһԼ͵͵ܳȥͲ֪ôôطԴַҲǺ
ôַ࣬ںܵٱΧʿϣϾԼȱԪʼոоôȫûжֱͣմɽ嶥ȥ
У඼ЩϧΪӪģһ㶼ȥȡЩϣΪֲ̫٣һԵʹȻܹԼʵɱȡѣڳõĳɳûʲôô
ԲǴգտҲһǿϧϵϷʮ꣬ûнڳ
ʱѾַʹӣ˵ǽԼԳɳĵ۽ڳǽԼڳҲǲԥġĳЩȵͽԼ׼һ㣬ִùԴַֻǸӿȡ
յٶȺܿ죬伸ȭȥɽ嶼ѿˡһɸΪǿϢɽڲ˳ǿϢ֮һͨͨ鷨ҪϬַһϢС
۽ڿҪˡ


50 ɽ
ַǰɽѷ죬۽յϢԽԽŨˡ
Ȼϡвϲû׼ȷĵȼ֣ǹϢϾͿԿ۽յĲϾҪַ֪ϡϸ߼Ķ࣬ǴϢϾͿһͨ鷨ںƳɷأˡ
ַڷѾͣϵͳҪַѰҵ۽յĲϲҪµķ뵽֮Уȼһںϳɹַġɽ֪Ҫɳʲô̶ȡ
ɽΪͨ鷨ѾСֻΪԭԺȫӳΪǵػ෨ԲսܷӳȲɱ¾ӢۺͲӡַ֮󣬡ɽضᷢʱ䣬ʱ򡮺ɽĹٶȴսĻҪΪĴսˡ
ʱգַΪսʵıƴʱսʤĹؼ
ԸīиһǰƫĽпܻͬҲīߣҲַᱻܡַ֮ڵʵͬʱڵĸ֣ͷҲӮʮּѡ˵ɱīѾʮֲĽˡ
յٶȺܿ죬¡¡һ·ȭɽ֮УƬ̱Ǵﵽ˵۽յڡ
һ龧Ө͸ʯһڣȭͷСûһ˿һʣһ˿ڲȥͺǹ˸·޾ǿһ㡣
ǺöַЦ
۽֮󣬸оǷâ¶ˣȻ۽յĻûһ˿ļǣǸ˵ĸоȷʵ᲻ɴݵĸо
ΡѰҵ۽ɣͨ鷨ɽһǷںϵ۽գ
ںϡ
òϵͳʾڵ۽յֵ˲𣬶ַĻشеĵ۽աಡһʧ١
ʱַķġ
ϵͳŻУĵŻҲŻǰַķɽ͵۽ղ
ͻȻһɫзɳһ½ɽ۽հڣʱٴˡ
ַոս뷨֮УûӦô£ǵɫѾ˻Ż֮ڣʧ
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ΣɽѾƷͨ鷨ԼΪʮҪھʹá
Σġ¯ѿҪ󣺰ϵͳռֲϣڷ֮йһ¯ϡϡɽƷͨ鷨𡣡
ԴŻ֮ϵͳѾǰˣһһĳ֣ʱոɣĻŷ
⡭ַмûȥںѶжߣֻһ仰ǾǺɽδԼΪʮ
ʮֻһȼѣȻʮҲ̫ǿˡַЩƲסϲã˵ʵ̫ˡ
ʵϰļ㣬۽յ룬ɽһǺģûǣϾں֮ͨһһڶô򵥡
ҲͲʦȼһ˵ˡ
ɽܹһʮܣҲȷʵЩˣò˵ϵͳ֣ȷʵͬ졣
ɽ֮ҪΪȫʹãַȻûзڣʵȴǽ۷壬ұĽ۷Ҫǿ࣬ǿҲܷӳɽܣҲ˵ʹúɽĻ˺ϡ
Ҫ֪ɽǰĹǼΪǿģȻΪԺһֱûжֵԭַûʹùַ͵͵ɽʱ˺ԼһͷƽʨͬʱԱܣɱ¾Ӣ۵ĻҲֵܵʮһ
ɱ¾ӢһӿԿϰٵɽͷһȴҲҪķѽһʱ䣬ϱߵĲȴҲǼġ
Ҫֽ֪׶εսУһʵһ൱ʱ䣬һͨĽʿҲһ֮ӳ֮⣬ɽûͷųԷԶˣٴʲôã
ȻַҲһֱԺɽΪĴһ׿һɱսϾʮɱ¾Ӣ۵˺ȫһɱڵʿ
ַ˴µļƻʵϽֻīһ˵Ļϵú飬Լ趨ԺɽΪսϧԷˣս죬ݴַ̫ͣûʹá
죬ɽ֮ٴַѾڽʱ䣬ҪƶԺɽΪսϡҪһƵ¿ϵĽֶΣԺԱԼߵĶ֣Ҳֻܿͷշսʿˡ
СߡַŻΪӥСһһԾıϡ
ڴպտܣǱַǰһս˷֮С
Сĺɫӥ˫һ͵طգߵ֮ϵĸ߿֮šಡһ»Ϊһ⣬Ԫ֮طȥ

֮УĻþǼģַڵԪ֮ҲûкҹͰĸ
ʱڲ֪йȥ˶ʮ죬һµ߿Ѿûжˡ
ʱ˴ִ£ȥī⣬ȫۼһ
ǲھڲԶЩطԼĵӣΪɱַ׷ٶȥʱŸΪҪҪһҲӰΧǵĴ¼
һǰһĺɫϢڻǰš
Ϣڳûһ᲻˽⣬ŨΧʷϣǴû˵ġƣޱ޼ʣŨʵһ㡣
֣㿴ǡ
ִȫüͷ壬ڵִ¶վǰǰĺʮֻͳ˵żУҲŨ֣ݴ˵ֻŻʵʻڣǵɴսе񶼱ɸ߱ɱ˵ֲεӦǲڵˡڣŨֱӾǽ뵽֮Уȷʵ⡣
ҿ˴֮лǰɣȥϲʾһ£ǷֶνǰرգΧǵĻܶ໹δɳ꿸סϮܿڷڵִ˵
Χ֮Уһ࣬зµȫһ죬൱ܺ͵ʮ࣬һ룬ڵʿҲֻֿܵһأȵԪĹ⣬Ҳ·һ
ƽ֮µʿǴ֮


51 ɻ
δйߣڻȶ֮ϯȥڵִ¶ٴУ׷׽Լĵٻأ˳֮⡣
ƶٶȲ죬ֵλȴ˲òӣ̫ˣҲ죬Ҳ죬ضִߵڴʱΧɶô޴˺ûԸȥ룬Ҳû˸ȥ롣
ԸִǶڽĵȴϲ㽵ȻȷǷֱķǰرյ֮ţľսһʱ䡣
Ҳ֮ٴοʱѾ˻ȥãĻʱ䣬ҲѾҵԸķأ
ȻЩˣȴҲΣΪ£ֻˡ
òˡ
ֻٻصӵʱ˶ĵַĴڡ
ʵҲ˵ʱ˵ַɱ½ʦ˻ΣǵַĿ֮ɱīʱеһжҪˡ
ɱִ£أʲôɣΧǣһڴû˸Ϊ顣
Ҳַ֮УҲȻصΧǴҺ϶֮Ҫðɡ
жַкøе˶ôġ
ʱַ棬ڽһѵսĶһ޴ļ׳棬ͬȴ֮һΪǻ۵£սǿҲϿɡ
ǲɷϣַǰͷ׳ȷʵǼΪǿģֻԿַսʿ
ʮַٴշսʿһǸɽս룬һַȷֵֻѪħ
սʿ״սһŻ̵ŮӣϱƷһģͷų߼ս衣
ѪħһѪ꣬ԻΪѪˮ㱻˺ɷҲٴؾۣǿ˵вĿܹΪѪˮְ
Ȼǰֻ߽Ǽ׳ôĻû취סˡ
¡¡¡¡
һѵ
ַվԶûвս
ǰֻ߽Ǽ׳ʮ׸ߣȴջҪ߳ͷϵ߸Ƿޱȣϵļ׿Ǽ쳣ͷܲټִַշñ
սֶӲڽַսʿɱ߽Ǽ׳档
ȻʱȽϳַʮ⣬ҪıǶЩµԽûôӡ
Ҫ֪ЩսʿǲųģٻܿȥЩԼΪַǣΪǵȵָõĿԳսİ֡
֮УЩƣʱһչƾֵܵڵĸˡ
ַţΪʱ䲻࣬ĺ뽫ʣʱȫ֮жȹĻȵһٴοʱԼžͿշͷռսʿˡԼΪĻշڵսʿ
ϧʱ䣬Ҫֹˣַûʱ֮жͣ
ʮʱ䣬Ԫ֮Χĸ߼սʿѾշˣǸˡ
ӽµʱ䣬ַһֱΧƬתƣʮϡҲʮݣոսʿȴֻ
ҪΪִ̫ԪԵʣȻԪ֮ػָطҲҪʱ䣬οһЩͨսʿ൱ڽڵսոҲֻʤ޶ѣַͿۡ
ѪħսǿսʿַƴҲҪոġ
߽Ǽ׳߸Ǻϵļ׿ҲǲϣȻ㲻ϧϣʤַ滹ǽʬս˷磬յȥոȥˡ
С𣬵ȥȿΧĻپȥĸ򡣡
ַС˵СıӥĿΪˣַ泬࣬۲췽λʵõѡ
С˵ͷһԾСءһſ˫ֱӻΪӥӺѾΧתһȦ
ˣǸԪ֮϶򣬶Ŀ߼սʿֱǽսʿսʿСĶַ˵
ãǾȥǱߡַҲǹϣֱ
ûжС˵һ䣺һ㣬ˣǱ߷мΪŨ࣬Ӷ
ַ࣬ʮִֵŨĵطսἫӰ췢ӡСܱ̽ߵʱַҲرգ۲ΧԪ֮Ũȡ
ʲôַоȣôǸӹǱ߲ڴѵ˵ѾԨ·ɱˣ
ַһʱ뵽ľһžͷˡ
ΪҪϵٻҪʱ䣬鲩ʿԽʱմݻľ˵ʮԼĳٵΪֹΧԼԨ·ɵӰ컹޵ģӰ쵽ǰ롣
ǣΪʲôŨأ
ַʱѾСŷɵ˾ԶĵطȻһƬǵصƶ·ĩһ㣬;еһжû
С磬Щȥ״Ӻζȥڿһ£Ƿһ֮ҲԴأֱӻ𣿡ַ
ǡС򵥵ĴӦȻһͷ֮С
ǾСַ֮Ͼ͸ӦСѶϢ
̫ŨСҲǳܲסϮߴһСʱͻ᳹ױϮΪһֻʣɱ¾ܡ
УܼȼͣСҲǷֱ治ˡ
СַԪѾŴԽƲ㣬С𻽻ء
С޷ܣȻЩͨܶȸ߳࣬ѵɷӡһĵطַ뵽鲩ʿľᵽӡһ
ûȥǱӡɽ֮£ڵԪǧҵʱѵļ
ǧұ㿪ʼѣʱգȷʵпܳƲֵķӡ
ôŨطܴڣֻпͷųѵ˵һֱǱӡ֮У
ַ͵һ¡
ǽƷԼ뷨
󲻿ܱӡ֮УΪȷʵӡ֮УҪѵʱ޷ҲͲܻǰҪࡣ
ǳ֮⣬ʲôطŨأ϶бʹڵġ
ô궼ûзԨ·Ǵõأ
дգѪħЩжԱôͿеأ
ַԺУһӶʡ


52 ɱ
ΧǹоŲ㣬ΪŲ졣еһд󲿷ֶǾסˣΪߣҲֻǳѣǵȴӴģ˲Ҫö࣬Χǵδϣ
ʱоסΧǵһǣȫǸܵһɾ˵ϢȻӰΣַ·ռ䣬ϵȫһ㡣
ڸոգ˾µϢͻȻ١ֻǶ֪ǣѾߴִ½ӵϲ󣬿ٽͨߵͨĽĻһе͸˵Щ˳ܲסΧǣԨ·Ҫˡ
ҪǣڷյĲʱһѾھҪ֮ˣУЩڵִ¸޷ȫӣʱھҲ޷رˡ
ʱΧһߴִ¾֮⣬ȫ¡
ȻѾڰ֮ǰͷˣʱɲҷɣǹرߵӡƣʱɾǴ¼ˡ
ھĹ۲죬˷ȻǿȴܳƷӡΧʱ˵ǰȫˡ
֮Уûзôص䣬ȻʷҲ˵ͻȻӵ飬ֹ򱶣ֱһѰҺϲûѶϣһߵʱ䣬롣ִ¶ҡͷ̾
û֪䵽ô£ΧϲľҲԴ˳üչ
ΧȻżҲЩ¼ǴϿ˵һֱƽȣĻʮֺгէһִ¼ߵһЩڵĶҲһʱ޷ʲôӦ
ʱΧһһǻһЩȻеЩѹ֣ǲǷûʲôѹ
Щִ£ţǰ˴ڵŻɢȥ
һߡ
ַ֮ء
ʱַ滹֪ͨѾرգȴҲѾĴ㡣
ǰؼ䣬ȫסԼȥĵ·ûн׷ڵôŨУܳŲһСʱ
ô죿ַнһЩҪ֣ڱߣزΧǣҲ޴ʹ
ʵַ汾ûʲôη塣
ʺͷ𵤵ȶԶˣҴʱҲѾٽͻƣһ׷ڣٿԱ֤ŨвȻȫ԰ʱ䣬һ߿
ǣַûʱ䡣
࣬Ϯʵܹ೤ʱ䣿
ĽЩֹۡ
Ϊڣһ𼶵ĴڶûС
УԴУ취ȥַֻǷһ˲䣬ָ˼ᶨ
߹رջʱ䣬ֻҪ׷ڣԵʱ޾ϮֱӴԽȥַһ
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۾Ѿ΢΢ŸղСָķȥӦʵսʿ
ಣ
ַһʧʮ⣬ٵһսʿӽ
սֻҵսӽսʹͻƣַѾԶշһЩ߼սʿˣҪ֮ս

ʮӵʱ䣬ַѾ֮߳ңǰһۣһ͸Ĺ
һսʿ
ȻֻĽзΪǳ磬һ󲿷ֳԱ־֡ɱߡ
ǵֱ۾һۣ֮䣬ֱƿգһοռڶԷϣʤıȻɱΪɱ߱ٶȾǼ죬ⱡĸ֮ٶȾ͸ǿףٶƵ֮Уܹƥٶߡ
һǲĸߵ壬ǰ뻹ףӦǸոս׵ķڣΪֻн׷ڣǵııŻչٶ˲õ
ַӽʱҲַͬ档
ѪһʱӦԣַķ˹ȥ
ĺáַ汩һֱһȭƾһγһ޴ȭͷӡǡ
࣬ȥˡʹЦűԼϲãһӣ͵ظѿռ䣬ټһȭӡֱ˺ѳ˷顣
ʵ룬գѪħЩߵǿ˽ģСڻ֮ǿ˵ԣֻǶһԸİ˵ѡ
뽫ַ浱ʳַǽ뵱̤ʯ
ոս׷ڵ룬ʵ˵ַǿɣǿԼôһ˿սʤܵĵַ֡˵ֵˣҲѡ
ǿһɣַʤ㣬ɣѹ㣬ͻƣ˵ַ˯ʱͷޱȼʱ
ַȴһ㶼֮ս֮Խ֮սΪֻһ֮䣬սлҴ⣬
ηʨӡ
ӡ
ɱ¾Ӣӡ
ַѸٽӡڼ̵ʱڱͷųӡǡ
һʱ䣬ɫӰַǰĿռ䡣
ɱ
ַŭһͷ˹ȥ
ͻԼǰɸܽӽҲ׽
ûսʿİæַԼĶ֡ηʨӡȻ׺иʲôֱӾͱ˺ƬԱ
ɱ¾Ӣ۶󲻶Ϊٶȸ룬ҲǱԷѹŴ
࣬ҪηĵֿˣΪ͵ȵ壬ܹΰɱʳҡ
Ժܲ
ǰʵеȣʤѾԣԷֻǽ۷壬Լʵ֣ӦڷڣףҲһ㶼֪ġ
һ̽Ը֪һΣգַʵǿпֱܻӱܶս
ˢˢˢ
ַ治һɽܣӡѾģʽϣǾˣѿѪڣһ˿λڸҽַĸпʮ׵˿ڼַһն
ҲĿ֮иȻȫƿӡķȴҲܹ͸ȥÿһιһЧ
ַڵĴϢɱ¾Ӣ۵һλϽͷųƿΪԼơ
ͬʱѪЦȻѹͨĴ󣬷ڵʵ̫ǿˡԽˣԽͻƣҪƴһˡ


53 ֮ս
ַѪҲǱѪˮȾ죬ȴ˿⣬ûиоʹؽӽ
ƿӵĳֻάһ˲䣬ͷųһ֮㱻ɱһնɱ
һ˲ѾԼڵļֵַϵĴ˼ɱնɱ˲ȫֺϣȫ˹ӣѪ˻
΢࣬ٸ㼸ҲֻǶ˷һЩʱѣ㻹ǿɡˮնɱ¾ӢҲֱնƬһַƽ
ҿҵĳȽϺðɡַЦţȴۻҵĽݵӡ
벻ӡȲͬݵӡһ޴㣬ǾͷٶȼַڵΪͷһݵӡԼҪʱ䡣
ƽʱô΢û˻⣬ǵӱ֮սУرǷһ֮սеʱ򣬾Ե̫ˡ
ʹ򲻹ԷһͷŴУԸ˫֣͵İܱʡ
ַϾ
ɱ߲ʲô࣬ҲûǿҵĺģܸԼݵӡʱ䣬˵ӣԼΪΣյӣһԼͽ֮ء
ҪͷŴôϧҡͷ̾ûκηͷŴУ졣
ᡯһ£һֻû˵Ѿɱ
ıἫٵţ˵ٶһӱȸղһࡣ
ղٶȾѾַƽٶһһ˵ȫԽַķӦޡ
벻ɱַЩֵľٶûпǷ壬ֱƴȫʵж̽Էʵ
ַзô
𰸵Ȼеġ
ؼʱַ̣沢ûͷųսʿⳡ֮սҪȫԼ粻ս
ֻ˫͵һ󷨽确䡯һſ˲ͽ˽ȥ
СһȶĿռ䣬ֱն塣ɱߣ־˺ѿռ䣬һ΢͵ģĿռ䡣
ַ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ֶȻһռ䣬þֻΪһռʹöѡ
֮սΪ˴֮䶼з磬һſǷ糬Է̫࣬ǷڵʿԽڵʿҲǸ޷ԷɽҪȽײпܽԷͬһԼķ֮ڡ
벻࣬ȻҲû磬ַܺɵĽɵԼķ֮Сֶ˵ˣ൱һʵǿ
ۿֱѾ̧ۿҪиԼķ߽磬ַֻһƾٻһɫɽ嵲ǰ
ˢᣡ
һĦһնںɽ֮ϣȻ˿ۼû

һ£Ȼǿ󣬸ǵ似Լ
ǰոһֱƾԼսǡٻЩҲʵʵڵ۶ɣʼնûͷŹԼûڶʱڽ£⡭ʱôǿˣ
֮У౻Ϊ͵岻ûԭģΪ絮֮ȼһƾĶʺ츳ġ
Ȼôһʱڣ߱񣬵ѾǹȥˣѾѹ£༸ЩɴʱչѾ似ȴиǼżһС岿䣬ҲԷչƼΪߵսʿɱģ
벻ףսʿɱߣսʧһ˲Ѿʧ󣬸ܳʱΪЩ벻׵˷սȻ
ʱѾȥ룬ַĽӡҲѾһ룬ֻǷһιѡ
һƿռ䣬ƲҲûйϵҺΣ뵽ֳܻ˼ֱֵַ˹ȥ
ովĵطַ淨ıԵֻļֵûʲôǵӳʱȴȫַķڱиȥ
ףԺɽķ϶ܹȫסԼĹƴҲûУôֳֵַֻԼƻ磬ԼлɱַˣԺɽڷеٶȣп˲ԼȻԼնɱĹ
սʶǿȻᣬֱģַҲҪͷ
ַһɽһʹıһΡɽ壬ֻһ¾ͽʮ뷢Ĺ赲һʱ䣬ҲѾ嵽ַǰ
ˢ
ٶȿ쵽ѱ棬һϸ΢˿߷·ʱ䣬ֵ˲Ѿַǰ
һѾȫһɱַ棬ǾԿԽһΡ
ȻһĻȴֱŭĺС
ܣôܶù޷⣬ٶĲУȴƫƫǡöԼļһԼƴһȻûдﵽ˿Ч
ȥŭˣҲЩˡ
ǰȻ׼ģļιȻƽĺǿǲɷϣԼҲѾûɱЩ˼ˡ
ûǲ˼顣
԰ɱģļټ˺ѿռĹȫ֪޾½߳ԼһĶְɱⲢ˵ԿͲ
ʵϺܶĶָ޷ٶȣԾҲǶ㲻һ
ô£ŭ˫ۣʮٴնַ棬ٶɺܿ졣
һΣַܵĹؼڡ
ԤС
׼ޱȵԤС
ַǿδ֪ÿԼĹڷͬʱѾʼܵĶڹʱַҲþܹܶȥ
ٶϵʶֲ𣿡૵ŶҪַˡ
ٿٶҲ첻ʱ䣬ַԤʹȫڸʱ⻹ô
ܣһ˾ʮףֻһ͵յ㣬һ˲ſʼܣǿŷҲ׷ϰɡ
ַķϣһֻ޴İɫ֮ͫУİɫ֮תš
ַԻ֮ͫΪֻڷ֮Уַһֱĵ˶޷ܽ磬Ѿûʹùˣڣȴַǡôʹ˳
Իۣ֮Դ컷ʾԿӶԷ뷨ַ֪Ķ
ܵʱĲַǣһ˿Цɲأһûͻƣôܹηǰأ
˵ţַһӡҲѾɡ
ţ뾪ϲĿУַջ˷磬͵˫һݵӡ


54 
ߵĽͨһ˲ͻƼ޿ʼ֮䣬ͻƼ޵ġ
Ȼÿ˶֪ʱͻƣȴҲÿ˶ȥսּ޵ģ඼Ǳȥܶѡ
ַ治ͬһ·ÿһζ֮ͻƵĽһΣǹʵԼ뼰Σյľء
ȻֿԵʵΪеƣԲôЧǾͺһЩΣյļ˶Ȼ˶ǺаգҲųʧֳ¹ʵĿܣ˵ˣľּ޵ţּ޵Ĵ̼ͬҲһֻ֮΢Щɿضѡ
뿴ַջط磬ΪַΪ֮ΪԺУսҪȫԸôսлԸ˫أҲַķֻܳô͵ʱѰɡ
оϲţڷСʱ֮ͻָսġ
͵һХ˫ԳƵʵٶȿ𶯣һһַ档
ϬֵѾɨһſռ䱻и˲Ѿٵַϡ
ȻʱַݵӡҲѾͷ˳
Ȼ䣬͸еһļµϢӭѹȵ·ҪſڵϡָоͺһΨһһԼѹֶ¡
ǵ֮
ߣ
ַƺһһܹոյһ
û˷Ի֮۵ʾãַȻͱѹơݵӡЧʵ˲䱻ѹһ롣
ôСһǲǸоѹȵٺ٣ǿⲫˡַЦ
뱻ݵӡѹ˴󲿷ʵǽսΪҵʱ̡Ϊַ潫κεĸͼܣֻƾɺʶս
ǰɸһսȫⲫսɱߵⲫս
гɻǰྐྵȻܹѹʵڷ˼ӶҲԸͣתӡ
ֵزַôߣһɽ˲ǰһȭݺҳ
أ
뱻һȭԴ͵һ٣
ɣСһ£㲻ҪɣѾûˡַѭѭţϵıЩ
룬ͬʱʵж߶ԷԼֻʣսˡ
ȻַĻڱݵӡЧúٶѾȲַһɽˣԴʱҪߣҲûлġ
һҧҲǷˣٴλתַսһ
һεսûôϾ˫һѹ˴󲿷ʵһԸ˫ֻ֣ս˫ûзԼܣ
ʵ˫սȴʮֵգÿһӵı仯пܾεת
ַ˫ֻȭצ˫ԾλżһȺɨߣȫʮ㡣
붯Ҫ򵥵Ķֻ࣬ۻ裬ÿһιĵиΧĿռѿһ϶ֻҪһ׼ȷУַͱض⵽ش
ֽŵ£ַֻ棬ҲͻԼȻսۿɼٶԼʵ
ս壬սʶǿĿ¡ַа
սɱԼĲһа㡣
Ҫ֪Ϊʵԭ򣬴һʼߵĵ·Լȡʤŷ似ͿԿóַսƬ֣֮뾹ȻҲս֮пѧϰԼļɡȻԼõôھһЩı֮նµĽǶԽԽԽˡ
ֻǺ΢һ˿ı䣬Ǵַѹȷʵɼġ
ַ⣬ΪʱһֿҪƲסսĸоѹԽԽǽӽͻƵıԵ
أأأأ
ˢˢ
ַ֮սٶȸӵĿˣ˷·ǻظ˸Ե۷壬þȫսĽȸղſֲֹɡ
Ҫ֪ոտʼ˫Ѿ֮սˣûбʵĿܣɵЩ˾ˡ
ֻ˵ǱǾ޴ģͬʱҲֻ֤ܱ֮ȳǱƽʱѾ޴ΪԼִһ۷壬ʵɻкܳһûͨ
ƽʱ޴ӷֻ֣ܹ֮ĸܣ߹
һͬˣǱҲޱȵľ޴ս֮ҲôԵ
˫սƼޣ죬ַֻеԼÿһϸõǼʱǰףַѾٴˡ
۶룬ͬҲǽһּΪ΢ľ磬ԭոշڵľʱѾȹһڼĳɳһֱսȥַǷܹһֱɳ۷塣
սȻҪӽβˣΪַѾһ˾Ķǵ
ʮν˽⵽ٴΣмеҪ˷ܡ
ֻһ΢ġžַڵĳһϸ
ڸոյһ˲䣬ַڴﵽ˼ޣڵһϸ˷ѡһ˲䣬ȫϸȫʼ˷ѣܿһž
ַֻ棬˵֮УʱַֻеĽ
ΪʿַʱȻ˽۷壬ΪĽ𵤱ҪǿĶ࣬Ҫ鵤񣬽뷨ҲҪȱѵĶࡣ
Ϊ׷ڣҪԪʱ֮УûôԪɹַʹãϸҪ뷨ڣҪܳһʱġ
ͬ
Ϊַһ·Ԩ·ĶĽѾ˶ڷĽʱͬǽڵ۷塣
ȻַҲҪ۷ǿ࣬ǲɷϣϵĽнݾߵģֻҪܿΣնѡ
ʱַΪԾǽ۷壬ȴѾǷڵʵҲ˵㲻ݵӡʱҲѾһսʵ
ڽˡַһЦڽʼһ˲͵س𷨽磬Ѹٶ˽ȥ
ϸѣַ彫ʱĲܿƣⲢӰľԼƷͷֻҪ֮Уκβ
ӣȥӣַ֮УϸѵŽƽϢ
ʱַ棬ȻϿȥûʲôر𣬵ǵ˼ʶոյַ棬̶ܹ̼֮ܵߵĽȻͬ
ڵ˺ֹۺʸ˽屶
˫ַۣһ˷磬ѾӳԶ룬Ϲһ˿ŪЦ⡣


55 
ַе˲䣬ȷʵԥôһ˲
žȷľǾַ滹δ֮ǰЩ
Ȼ֪Ľʽȴַ֪һ˲˼ڷһʱ䣬ʱַ֮ܿܽʵԼӦòĶ֡
Ҳַ֪ʱҪж೤ʱ䣬Ҳֻһ˲ͻԼڳݵӡãһҪԷķ֮ս벻ǰ׳գ֪ڴ˳֮ԼûжĻᣬЩߣܹס
ϧַĽٶȻ̫ˡ
Ľôһ˲ʵ𵤽׷࣬Ҫ鵤Ȼپܳһʱɷࡣʮûиʮ»ǲܵġ
ʱ˵ַȥɱˣôʱ䣬ͱ֪Ұָץ˳ˡ
СǱݵӡѾͷˣɴͽ׽ˣҲǸս
ַţһѾʮ⣬ٶȱ֮ûн֮ǰһ࣬ܿ׷
ַԼҲһ֪ԼܲˣƸַۣ淢˹
أ
ַȳ֣һȭͽҷ˳ȥǿĿ¡
࣬һãɱңضһߵ׷ɱ磬ûм˸һߵİɱӵϷۿ벻ȥתв
һ壬ս츳ߣ˵ʵڲǺó֪ԼλѾ磬Ҳһҵ׷ɱַ档
ַǺһЦ˵ô㿴
ַЦŴһִӡǣ֮䣬һһߵӰ
Ӱĳ裬Ǿ޴ġУӰʵġ
ȻֻһΣȴȫȫĽԼϢǰ֮ӰȷʵԼϢһ޶
ʶԼзิӣǲɷϣһ̣Эˡ
ʱһķĴַ汳ӰڷɳԺͷǰλϣֳһ֡
ݼˡһһڣַݵ

ŨŨڲϵĳ߿ռ䣬̶̰ʱǰǧľ롣
ַշ֮󣬱ٴλصǰ
ǰŨŨַûйԥֱ˽ȥ
ڵʿɵԪ֤Լ治ַھûдﵽڣȴǴﵽ˷ڵʵǲԪҲǺ޹˼ɣҲһô
ʵַܶΣܾ֮УӦǴ֮һ壬һ
似ʹõսܣս
һ·ַԼûзֹһ࣬ԼҲΪϵͳ֮Ԫɱ似еָӵĻӦǺͱһڴ󽫾ٽġ
Ǵг˶ѣΪؼ㣬˵ΪҪ֮ͻƣԱ
ַ벻Ҳ޴ѰҴ𰸣ȴ϶֮УһЩԶġ
ΧҲ룬Ҿһ·ͻƵҲδһԡַôţٵżڵķȥ
֪Χǰرߵط߿͹رյʱ䣬ڻδ߹رյʱַڲûʶԼѾ֮УֻǵΧǱǷ͸ڵĿռ֮ţ͸Χȥ
ĻΧ֮࣬Ԫ֮ȻͻΪĶԿ٣ĻܴӰ쵽Լ
ַܿͷԼЩǶˣΪʱѾվڴȴΧûڵĿռ֮ţһռĲûС
ѵ֣ƻ˿ռԪ֮ʱ֮Զرˣַ²
ʵϵȻģֻڶҪˣؼַúȥδӣ
ֻܱѰͻˡַüֻǲ֪ûĳڡһ㣬ҪԨ·Ҳ֪ΧǵֵܲܵסĽ
ַЩģǾԼһֵܹ֮Χǵ˺ֻǰ販ʿϢԷһ֣֮ʧܣӦǸûкܴϵ
Ļ販ʿҲΪֻҪϵͳоƬݻܹˣϾϵͳоƬֻܰһ˶ѣܴȫ
ַ֪ޣᣬ̫඼ûõģֻоԼʵġ
Ȼߣÿϵͳ˷ʱôȥȾʵַ濴ϵͳ
ռϡϣԱġ¯ĹʱѾ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ַ浽ΪֹѾռʮϧϣϵͳɶӦҪһٷϡϲĻ
Ҫ۽һݣĻֱӾҪһٷϡϣҪһһٱ
ĻѰҵ۽ѰָĲϣֻҪϡ϶Ҫַ沢Ҳ㹻Ĳϡ
һ׶Σʱ䣬ϵͳĻͬʱշʮֻĸ߼սʿַ氵ԸԼĿ꣬ԭֱͣתطȥ
ò˵֮Уϡȷʵ٣ֻԽϡϴڵĵطԽΣء
ǰܻʲô߿ߵͻȻ࣬ǵõõ˽
⻹ʲôؼ֮ͻȻǰû壬ÿһֶеĸߵսʿЩڵʱзڵʵսʶǿһͿΧһ˵Ƕڵִ¶ңҲǸסһڵߵսʿ΢һЩģغϾܽ˺ƬһΡ
Щַǰȴֳһ̬
ַһֱ˵սֻʵ仰˵ʵͬҲֻʡ
ַȻǿ࣬ߵսʿǲԶ似ǻۡЩ߼սʿַ壬ͱ˴׵ĸ򣬱


56 ΧǵھŲ
ʱҴţԴһǰ֮бΧеϢԽԽѹˣͷ·ʲôԶžڴӳ˯ѣֻһɽڻѹ䡣
ΧУÿ˶Ļ̻̣Ծ
ر죬ΧǾ֮ĸͻȻʧˣ²ϲ֮ͨУԭһ˶ûеľϣҲǵһα˵ϡ
ǰ۷ܣΪֹΧʵΪǿİˣҲǰ˴ڵ
ԭΧǵھŲ㣬Ԫ֮Ȱ˲ǿٱʵԪ㼯֮أЩҲǶѾ𾳽ˡ
УһӵĴ˷ܵ˵
ΧǵھŲ㣬ֻд˵е˽Դ⼸˽֮󣬱ҲûлκϢΪֹû֪ھŲʲôӣҲ֪Ǽȥ
ڿЩӦ׵ڵھŲ˴򷨾𾳵ת䣬ӶԽˡ
Ͼ˵ֻҪܹ𾳽磬ҵǶΧǾĻ֮žͻԶΪ߾Ϳֱӽ磬в
ΧǵھŲһޱ޼ʵƽ̨ƽһ߼ʡ
˸ΧǾѰһ飬ûзκλֻиտʱ˵ӴһԵһЩۼ
һЩ˹ƴնɣϸǾŸ˵Ļ
Щɢ貵Ĺâ˿˿ǼΪ
Ҳ˵ľžߺǣӦöһЩݰǿߡ
˵мأȷʵӦо˽ھŲ㣬ѵ˵
жͬĴ𰸡žߺǣǴ˵еǾˡ
ѾǵΧʵÿ˶Ǻ۷״̬ӴȻʮ꣬ʵѾں۷ͣʮ꣬ʵѾﵽ˶ʮꡣ
Ҫַ֪ųϵͳıϾǼΪѺģܹʱִ۷壬Ӵ󺺵츳Ѿ˵Ǽǿˡ
Ǿôһ츳ǿˣȴǺķʮ궼ûܹдɼ֮жôˡ
ǰľžʬ壬ԱڳİҪǿö࣬Щͷ֮ɢĵϾģȻôһȺˣûһܹ̤֮ⲻɵ˻ɣǷ֮ţǷܹڷɾ
Ȼɲûг೤ʱ䣬ǰƴյּȴֱӽ𰸸˰ˡ
Ϊϣ壬Ϊ𡣡
򵥵ʮ֣Ǳ˼ȴǺȷˡ
ڵ֮УΧǻǿ£ս֮ϣѾķ˵Ͳ֮֮ʮֵĴ˼ֻϵǲеģҲҪܹΪֻ뷨ܹϵһ𣬲лΪ
ǰȫǺ۷壬ȻǴﵽˣǷȴʼ޷϶ΪһΪǵܲסһںϣֻܱű֮ԱΪڣһ塣
뱾壬ɾ֮
ǰľžߺǾ˷Ĳ࣬Ѿӵ֮Բܽ뵽ΧǵھŲ㣬ΪһЩ޷֪ԭǲûﵽľ磬Բ
ȻҲпȻΪҲһ޵ģֻʮֵѡ
ţЩͷϻּһǰȥǶǰĺǰݣָսһͷС
ϱߵּʱѾǾϲı顣
Σ
ϱ߼¼ʲô
ִȻûȥҲǶͷϵļ¼żڴġ
ͷϼ¼һ巽һЩľ顣
ûб˼ͷǴˣһһֿһ顣ʱһҲͷϷƵļأÿһͷ֮Ҳһݲͬؼ
Ӧһ˽˵ĺǼһ𣬲ЩǷֿڳʮ֡ΪѾû֮ĴУλǰ֮ضԼģֻʱûԼ䣬ǲ뽫ԼĵƹڣԲû²㽫Щȥֻ֮ǰԷԼͷ֮ϡ
һ˵ţԱһе֮ͻȻȵף֮Ƕڵһ֮кֻ֮ܶһ׸ӵȫƣǶײ֪˶ٱ
һʱҲʮָ˵ҵҲǣͷϼص֮ҲڵЩƣͬ
Ҳǻഫе֮ŷԭ֮Ѿ˴УֻһЩҪĲ֣е˼
ȻЩ֮ڵʱضѹ׵ľѧЩҲ޿ɺǵģϾҲ֪Լڵھ죬ô˵Щ幦ȴǶΧżİ
ͻȻΧǶڱѹȣ϶Ҫд¼Ҳںڵʿȫټһ֮ʲôҲܶһЩ֡˵
ֻڳ˶û뵽춫Ȼ˼á

ڵУһ˵Ӱڲϵһٴǽͷʽ
ЩÿһǼΪǿɢ˵ϢǿϢֱһͷʮ׸ߵĻƽɣһźɫԼһɫŮʹǺȻѾǺڵĳǿˡ
ʱЩǿﶼʿŽһ㣬ǰӰ
Ӱַ档
ģһշߵսʿ
ʵַڵʵշڵֻڵﶼַǷ۷ʱշģΪ̫ŨЩﶼǽļ죬෨۷ﶼڼ˵ʱ˷۷壬ǿգԨħԼʹǴӷ۷һֱ˺ڡ
һѾȫѹѹˣڳѹŨšԽԽڣַѹҲԽԽ
ΧԪ֮Ѿ׿ݽߣַʼ޷ȫ׷ڣһսпͻƣٴνһΣﵽ˺ڵļ
ûзַܾ࣬Щʲôﵽ֮󣬲ûѡǿȣǿʼ֮Ѱҳ·
ȥΧǵĳ·ֻȥĳ·ֻҪԪַ֮Ҫȥһԡ
һַÿ춼ڿѰţʱַǰĳһͬѰĿռ䲨һѷ죬дԪصϢ


57 ׷
֮УѾŨ˵ֵطԪ֮͸Ҳ˲ͱŨ𣬸ܸܵõ
ʱַȴеĸܵԪ֮Ĵڣָоֻ˵϶һߵԪ֮ΪŨŨ̶ȡ
Ȼֵطڣ
ַе˼飬ΪͱԪ֮Ҫ߼һЩټеʵʣߵԪ֮Ծܹ͸ǸʲôԪ֮
ַȻЩȣԪ֮ŨĵطǴʱַҪġ
ѾǴﵽ˺ڣΪȴͣڽڵ۷壬඼û۳ʱҪԪ֮ʱܹҵطַһΪ춼ڰԼ
ַ治һðյˣⲢ˵ðգʵַ鶼ἫΪǵȥһֵ벻ֵıﵽһĳ̶ȣֵƴĻַҲǻʮֹϵġ
ʱַΪǶһѵʱˡ
֪ʲôʱܳȥؼûԪ֮޷۷࣬ΪͣͲǰֻƾܸоЩٹһʱ䣬Ҫˣʱʵܷ̫ãһҪƴһƴַüᶨ
販ʿҲгϵͳĸѾҪӽߵ·ԼԶҲֵܵס壬Լڱ販ʿҲԶٲƴʱ
ֱַӿ磬߼սʿ˽ȥᶨŲһ߽ǰĿռѷ֮С

һȶĿռ˺֮ײַϣ̶ַʱѾǺڵ壬ҲǸеЩʹֵطѾƤˡ
ͨĿռ˺ѣҪǿĶ࣬Χ˵ʵȻܹ̽⵽ڵڣôǰʹأ
οռ䴩Խʱ䲢ֻһʱ䣬ַΧٴλָƽ
Χĺڰȫʧȡ֮һƬַ滹δΧľȾ͸еױȵԪ֮Լӿ
⡭ȻֱӾתΪԪַϲ
ļ֮УƿӾֱӽԪ֮תΪԪǿǸӵӡ༼ܡ£ΪԪ̫֮Ũһ壬ȻֱӾͻԪתҪѹ
ԼǸоַļʣԪ֮ʼַӿȥ۳һУַĺ֮£·ˮһַڡ
̫̼ˡַ漸Ҫٶʵ̫ˡ
ԭѾﵽ۷״̬Ȼڶ̶˲ٴִ֣˽׷ٽ㡣
ַоʱпͻƵڡ
ССڣС죬սʿҵİȫ˽ӽֱɱַͷųյȣȻ󼱴ٵķԸ˼䣬ڵء
ѾЩֲסҪͻˡ
ǣˡգԨħжʹͬʱӦȻԴʮ෨۷սʿսһߣַȫȫػм䡣
һԻʱ䣬ַĽڵִٽ㡣
һ˿Ԫѹ𵤵ͬʱžһ֮ϳһϸ΢ѷ졣
ŷԪֹͣ˹룬ϵķ϶ȴûֹͣӣһһ㣬Լٶӵ֮ϣ󡮺䡯һ£鿪
·һ㣬ַķ֮Уڵ˲һƬڰĽɫͺǳɢַķ֮УһֻȶĽ಻ϵתš
𵤽׷࣬һ鵤
𵤿˵һʿԴȪȻֻǲһС򣬵ȴôǿκ֮ðȻ룬ֱӻ𵤵ıըʱɵĺǻ𼶵ġ
ԽҪΪӵʶķ࣬⼫۵״̬ƿȻܽеڶҲ
񣬹˼壬Ҫڽ֮ӣҲ˵ӡֻеϣܿʼ֮࣬ҲŻӵ꣬ΪһһĴڣֻһܡ
һʮּ򵥣ٱ֮鵤ҪȫĶࡣ
ַȴЩͬΪ꣬Ҫĸֲ֮ȴǳһ⡣
ӵԻۣ֮ԶϤģӵǴۣ֮Խ˵ĹԷԱ֮ʩ꣬ĺȡᡣַЩΪѡ
ֻһ֮γɵġơҲֻһֻнֲڽѺγɵġơм䣬ܹ۳ࡣ
ҪֱֲһƬơ֮Уȴǲܵġ
ȻֲֿܷǾһϲֲˡַһҧ˵
ȻһķգǲϧĲʱʧܣҲǽ𵤳ʧеΪȫѣַѾ˺ڵԴ˷ǿûôˡԪ֮ôŨĵطӦҲò˶೤ʱġ
ⲻַܹ̫̰ģҪҲַֻܹѹ̫ʹҷκһԼʵĻᡣ
ȻԪ֮ŨȣҪҲò˰ʱ䣬ȱľʱ䣬˵꣬ǰҲ˷ѣû취˫ĵƣһʧȥҲԺʵиӰ죬Բ
ַѾ¶ģôֱֻǰԺУ˲һ֣Ȼ໥ӵţ˽𵤱ɵġơ֮С
λһ˿ټ߿ʮֽܣơǸûзֱͬ꣬ѵλͻȻٵļת
ǿתơеٴλڵλãһϡ
ַовɷһЩΪֱʱûвκε䣬пһֲǳɹġ
šơճ֮ʱ֮ڿʼͻ
ǻų⣬֮俪ʼһǿķһǿ
ôַ٣ۿơҪȫճϣͷȴ顣
ַ۲죬ִʱΪѾճмЩȴǺܲȶЩȶƶֿ
ˣҪȫճϣŻγɷ࣬걧һȴγһ״м䲿ֵȽϡճĲܣڲŻᷢ
ַܿڣǽȴ޴Ѱҡ
̬ûиַôķӦʱ䣬ֻһ֮ķﵽһַ޷Ƶĵز󡮺䡯һը
䷢̫죬ַԲߣʱֻƾǿľӲ
һַŭ
ֻһСڱ֮У󲿷ֶ뵽֮ϣʹճϵʹǲΪըɢ̫
֪ǲΪַľ̫ǿըɵ˺ûôأӴĵطܵ΢صĴˣȴãرıΪ嵲ס˱ըԻûܵ˺ʱѾȫճı
ڽڣȫˮһÿһƤֱȫ͡
ǲеҡַݺݵ˿
궼۳˷࣬ȫǲȫġƷΪը˴ʧըַ꣬ķҪ˵ķࡣ
ѾǺ˵ˣΪͨǿû۳ɹĻ鿪һʱɢֱʧһգʱ򲻵޷࣬ΪҪ˻򷨾һ㣬һڿʼˡ
ַٴμһԼķ࣬۳ɹˣһ
ͿЦ
Ϊ˲ý֮ɢҲΪ˱ַ꣬ͷԼе֮׼ֲڽڵϡ
Ҫ֪һʼʱַֻѳһС֣Լ֮һ֮׼ֲеģʱַıǿ꣬ɵķΪַԵ֮һ꣬Ҳ˵ķǿ١
ڣַһӵ࣬ȱǿһʵÿһǷַ潫ַ֮꣬汾걻ĺȻǿˣȴޣ¿ƣʹãҲǴһȽεľء
ˣҲ似սΪ֮ҲνֻԺĹҪСЩˡַֻοԼ
Ҫʮµʱ䣬ַΧԪ֮ŨҪַķ౾ֻƬ֮䣬ַ˷


58 
ɣַվңܣһƬ硣
Ѿ˰ûм컨Ȫˮơַ濴ΧޱȵĲá
ǰ磬ĵطҪƯҿŨԪ֮ʱ޿̲ٳʵַеޱȵˬ졣
Ҫһھͺˣôĵطûбʺ˾סˡַ߶κǿͺһûǿʵͨˣ续
һ磬Ҳһ磬Уַʱȴһѹֻ򵥵С
ϧַվһǵˣھƬָ֮˼ü
ﵽģ
ַգһƬϴżмƮҲôĴ
ò˵̫⣬ŨԪ֮ҲֱӵκҪȵԼĵطɾĶࡣ
ǣ֮ôôһط
˵һʲôطȻܹͨߣ
ûˣûʲô
Ԫ֮Ϊ磬Ԫ֮Ũ£ôŨֵܵȥɼԲһͨ磬Ǵ·
ַ룬ֻ˾סĵطпܻŨԪ֮
ϾߵЩŨֻ۳ġܹǿģȻҲֻһˡ
ѵɽ磿ַ૵
ɽĴһֱڴ˵֮УǺΧУ˵ʱһ磬Ԫ֮Ũ£ʥء
ΪһֱǴ˵޷ʼҲֻǴ˵ѣû˻ȥš
ַȴֻȥ룬ΪĵطȻͻɣɽ硣
û֣һֱһĺϮɽ磬Ҳܳͣǵҵ·Ϊȡ
ַЩƣոѾǵĿռѷӦƶģַոͻƷڵʱѾʧˡ
ҾܹߣַҲزΧǣʼջûʲôôתתҲܹҵȥΧǣԨ·طͨء
ַôţҪΧһֱսʿ׼뿪˵أ̽һΧĻ
뻹δ߳̽⵽żǿڽӽš
ţȻˡַ¶ϲɫ
İطܹˣȻҪ˵ģ˰æѰҳ·ҲӦûࡣ
ڿܴڵΣգַѾﵽڣϿ˵֮޵е״̬ûôˡ
ַܹоǰڸУʵǿҲǽӽڵΪַֻеЩֵǣ˵ٶȴԿͨĽʿ࣬зڵٶˡ
ľַ˵㳤ǶЩ˵ԶһЩַûԭصȴͬŶԷȥ
˲֪ôַ֪ڣнķһûƫַӭȥܿڶԷ档
ַͣ£ΪöԷҪ̫ţԷһξԷ
ǰ˶ƽûʲôֻͬǴŴķЩ죬ַϸ۲һǵΪͻȻЩϲķ˾Ȼȫǽڵʿ
Ҫַ֪һ·δôʿһԪûУеģֻ
ѹٶô죬ʿַЩȣ̾һҪ˵϶ȴȿ˵ˡ
ʲôˣ֮Уһ󽣵׳˵
ַκһԶͬͨַȴǺ׾˶Էе˼
ǺãǴ֮˵صģոսڴˣ֪ʲôطַòĻش
ߣǱǵأĸǣЩɻʵ
ǣַĻشҲЩԷǽԼˣԸһȽϾȷĻشʵַҪ֪ǣ絽ʲô磬˵ʲôռ䣬ʲô½ԡ
һĿռ䣬Ԩ·Χӣ˵Χǣַڴʡ
ϧȫַ֪˵ʲôط
ǿ˵ôַʵ
Ҳ粢Ԩ·ϣֱ˿أǸˣ
Ȼҡͷ
ַ΢΢üͻȻʵ˵𣿡
ַ汾һʣȴԷͬʱһ̲סľϲ
һͳһľһĶһ顣
ַоľһٵԶȥٶȿ쵽ԷӦܿʧ
ַΧҲҲ˵ôվţǰڳַеļơ
ַ汻ԷķӦЩĪȴҲԷʲôìܣֻ׶ԷӦʲôȥҸ߼
ַ⣬Ͼ߼֪ӦҲԽ࣬Ҳʡ˷ѿˮЩ˵һܵĻˡ
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ˣû뵽ҷҲôʱ򣬶ҪǷ˲ƣӿġ
ͻȻһֿЦַ棬ӹ۲Χɫ״̬˻
ʱǰոոһȺˣһֳ˫ĺӣ
ʿֻΪߣʴﵽڵǿȡ
һȺʮȫǽڵʿֻʱǰѾͣסΣܽһȺ֮Уϸź˵Щʲô
ӲϵͷͻȻٺЦ˼ַ棬ͺһ󡣡
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һ¡ַϽȵ
ϧԷַĻͷǸӺٺһЦʲôȣȸ˵ϡ
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ַһЩŭ³çѵ༶ǿȣΪʤùԼ
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ʮˣȥʮ˷ֳ飬ÿһվһλϣ
ЩҲ֪õʲô似ÿһǽ˵һȻͷų֮ȻܹӳʮĹίʵ¡
ȻΪȼڶַвȴҲܹЧǣַĹһ۷ĸ֣׻ᱻȺܻ
ӿأʵʮٴ֮䣬żһ鹥˼ַҲҪ뿴
ǻСַ档
ȫߣʹ̽˵ʵֻƾŸоΪַʵǸ߳٣ԻΪƾսַ档
Ȼַһ֮Ͼ֪Լˡ
ŵ֡
ַһƾʽ͵ǰΪƷֱһսʿϣʣǼйںϡ
һսʿȫͷѪ˳ȥҲǸе˫һʹƵֱӽе˫¡
ҿŭһﵱͿһ¡
ַһ̫ˣһľͽԼ˴ʧȥսԼҲ㶪˸жôǿ
༶壬ں㲻ʲô֣ܹ֮һֻӵ˲ܹô赭дͽú޻֮Ļǲġ
ҲǺ弶ǿ߰з䡣
弶ǿҲ֮ǶĴһССѲ߶Ӷӳһ˵ԿˣûǸʸ񰡡
סס֣ˣͶģʮָɴࡣ
ôһĹѾʮ˱ַĵڵˡ
ոһᣬţҪͶٺ٣ſ˵ɡֱֱַ̧ġĺܿͽ˶˵ϣȻˣһʱҪҲǲ׵ġ
ſǰߣʹҪǸںް
´Ϣ˵˵ʱлԮģϧΪ̰ҲΪһֱ඼һЩֻʹÿƼķһ˴Сܾˡ
û뵽Ȼַ棬һֻľͰǶĵˡ
ַҲǲ֪ȷʵӣֻǵģֻܴ룬ȴûȥ
һֱż಻СĴ磬ٷḻĲϻȤĸ߿ƼƷЩ˸ûʲôսֻеĿƼЩȴҲκβ˷༶ĸ֣˵ÿһһƶС⣬˼˶Ҫ֡
ⲻַ֪ˣͲ˵ֱӾȽ˵ֻѣߵ϶ѡ


59 ֮
ŵһȺˣַеͷ˲٣źӺٺһЦǿԺú̸̸˰ɣ
ֵĸҲӦҪ۵̫춼ڣͿˣʱҲֻܿЦŵͷˡ
ַҲ֪ԼֵأЩ˴ʱӦǻ۵ȷʵû֮ǣϾո˵أַ滹ЩνĳˣҪҲΧŽͲˡ
ʲôطֱַʳԼ֪⡣
Ǳ򣬺ǵأһǧǳǳڣǧǷѳǣһһǧƫǣһǧسǡϻشһ˵۵һһģ죬ǸЦ
ȻЩ˶ǲʹģԾҲֻ˵ˡ
ַԷĻشȻϸһ飺ʲô硣
ãȻһ˲ŲԷˣкȴ뵽Եģոջشô֣ӵ춼ˣشȫǷϻ
ôԹȴǲҷϽش֮ذǱĵط
֮أַظһ䣬ʵԪ֮Ũôᱻ
нп࣬ǻŬЦŽ͵Ԫ֮֮ŨΪһ𱻹Ѻ֮Ҳ˵ط˵˶Ǳġ򵥵˵һηֻܽܳη
˵ô໰ҲеӦˣҲַ淢ʣǼ˵սʮһ𡣵һȴǲԸμɴսҹĶҲһսɡ
ǿ֪Ҫսֳܷȥο󷽣ֱӾͽͬȫһӡһռ䣬Ҳڵռ䣬ֻһܽܳͨһΪ˼ͶĲԸɴս࣬һҲŵԺ֮սɡ
ϧɴս⣬ʮҲȫ䣬ʮһҲĻΣΪԼųŵɵҲԾڴˡ
̾Ϣһ˵
ķӡȥ֮Ҫϵǿ߲ܴ򿪡һȥ˱ֻˡԪ֮ʮŨǳԪ֮Ｘûʲô߼ĲƷټϵʱڽ֮󱾾ޣ似࣬Խķϵʿֱӵ˺ͻʱûзںϣ޷ɹֱҲûٳֹһ֮Ⱥףһֱս֮УʮǸΪɱ¾ϡ
һ˵ô࣬Լ֪ȫһԵ˵˳ȥĵ˵ôϸ£ò˰ɡ
˭ַ֪֮ûʲôˣȴΪ˵̫ϸ£ֶһȤ
˵ͻҪںʲô˼֪ôͻ𣿡ַЩŵʵ
ЩƣȻ˾֪ˣϧ֪ҲûðЩʿսսôϵķˡ
ͻϵʲôϵĪͻҪԷϵͻƣַϽʵȴѹֲǿǻΧǣ޷壬ԭΪ޲ͻĿܡ
ȴˣӸո˵ڽ֮ߵ֮·ɼʱͻʱǷ޶ﵽͬһģĻӦǸͻƵԺҲֻһ֮·ġ
ַû뵽㣬ȴֱӸͬޣ뷨϶Ϊһܽ
ò˵µǻɢһЩϢǿǺΧ˶ԹĴУȴҲܻ©һЩͬģ֮Ҳˣķ֮Ҳʱĳбɢֱھ˶÷ޣҲֻĲײ࣬ûа취۷ˡ
ԭˣޣޣȻϵɴսּʣµıתƵ඼ЩߣӴ߲ε֮Զ÷޵ĹӦΪԨ·޷ϵйذɡַ뵽
֪ںδַٰһЩȻ˵˵ַֻܽܳ沢ſ϶ˣϾԼʱɲǴģǴ֮С
ʱַ֮ǰԸоԪ֮ġ
˫ֽӡַͷųƿӣһͷųǽſڵϵ˶
ַͷųľƿӣӵȫɴ۾˸̲ס˳ӡ似ֻܴ似
ַһ
һ磬似ֶȻ˽ıԼԭȵҪö࣬Ҳٴӡ似Ҳ˵
ˣַӡ似ȫǳġ
ӡ似֮еĳ似ĳַͬΪַҲ㲻׸ô似ڿ֮Ӧǿҵˡ
֪ӡ似ַźӵʵ
Ȼ֪ӡ似ֻ֮ϵĸֲܴ似˵һʮӡ似𾳽ʱһףʣµʮһǷֱԴһףÿһ׶ϵ޵е似
ӵ˶˷ܵĲˣӡ似ʵ̫ϡˣȺ֮Ҳֻʮ׶Ѱ֮أҲֻһӡ似ڣһǱϱ۷ĳֱһ֡
ҲѾǾԵ֮޵УĻܹɱһԶһҲûпܡ
ַ滹һЩӡ似飬ָ߼ĶСͲ֪̫࣬˼ַ֮㳹׶ٵõʲôϢĴ㡣
ӵӡ似һĳʥУǺǵĳϵĪ棬Ҫ֪ӡ似飬ȥǺǣˣس˿϶һӭĵġ
Ӱĵ˵۾Ųزסļ˷ܡ
ֻּ˷ȴѾǸոΪӡ似ʱ˷ܣֿҪϹۿıҪóѵּ˷ܡ
ַЦһȻֱܹԷеɴʲôԶԷڴԼӡ似⡣
ԼһִǣȻᱻǳ£ҪЮʲôضֶþĴԼжȡӡؼ
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ַѾǺ弶壬ټĴӡ似һֱûʹùʱΪƵĺɽַѾҪپκˡ


60 Ѧ
ǣ֮ҲǱȽģǿǳ֮⣬ǾܹŽǰ֮еġ
пȥ޴ĺǾһε̣һƬƽԭ֮ϡ
еĽһſӣȻܼȴҲʮֵ룬һţһУʮֹء
ӵȻֻޣǴﵽ𵤣һڵϢӻëзɢͺһʽķɻһƶ˻գº¡¡֮еٶȷȷ޸졣
ˣǱ߾Ǻˡָǰһĳǳ˵ոѾַܹںǵ顣
ַ˵ͷûʲôʾ˼ַ̫࣬Ѿ˳ɼȻԸ˵ʲôġ
ˢˢˢ
һȺ䣬ֱ˳ſڵķ
ϣⲻǷôûسǵӾԼԻˣ˸ˣٺ٣磬ôеǱߵװ磿ſڵһЦ˵
ֻһʵȴǱȷҪ߳٣ﵽ˷۷ĳ̶ȡ
ʵ˵һЩˣǱǵĳѦʮֵİӣʮֵһǳص棬ѡĸŵʮǷ۷ΪȳӵĶӳΪҪϼ֡οǺΧѲ߶ӳˡ
ٺ٣޴˽ִţ⣬رʾ˸ǰģλǳ˵Ĺ͡һĵЦ
Ŷ˵Ĺͣϱϱ˵ͷǸϽϽ
ټ޴ˡһ߰ĵЦţһȥַֻܸокٻˬУƽʱû˳
ȷʵӹǳ㹻˳ЦˣټΪֻǷڣϲ࣬ƽʱǼѲ߶ӵĶԱû۷˶࿴ηôأ
ַźһ·ȥʶ˼ҪӲźۼһ˵Ĺ͸סˣһӲӵЦŸǣǱ̬Ⱦûʲôøеַ涼еЩˬ
ģǳλá
Ѧİĸۡϸе˳ſڵĲȫõһЩϣȻǺܸ߼Ǳˣ֮ؿûϡвϵģܹһЩͨѾǼΪݳ޵ΪˣֱӾõ棬ԶԶȥʮҫۡ
ΪԼĸۡʮϲѦû¶ϲԼˣ󸱳һЩΪ˶УַҲˣֱӴ֮ۡС
ſڵĻźӺַ˽˸ۡ߹հ˹յ˲ٵľһͥԺǰ
ʱ緹ʱ̣ͥԺһǳźţʮҡ
ˣ˺ͼΪòͣԵƬַ̡˴ͥԺ⣬˵ôһ䣬Ȼתͷȥٹעˡ
ʣǳĶַӡ
ΪҪԷȽַ˰һ£ȷټǣǶԷûΪַ˰ųסֱַӿǳĺģʲô黹Ҫ˳˵
ַһ¶һ˿Ϸʵı顣
Դ̤Ԩ·ַѾ˳Էôһ£ΪڵͲҪʳȡӪˣԷѾΪһһΪڲĵԨ·ʵһݳ޵Ϊ
ǰЩǺ弶壬ȻҲǱҪ͵ģΪַ棬ȻĶûַ浱¡
ʵҲܹѦ飬Ϊӵʱ͸ַһ±ַЩʲôԴѦϢʮֵļªֻ˵һˣҪ
Ҫ֪ѦǸȻ࣬ҲǼεģûʲôں֮ġ
رΪ֮ǷԼܻǾ͸˵ûʲôöˣҲֻһƽѣҪںַ֮ǰԭΪԼ⼸ûмʶʲôģĸʶѡ
ʲô·תͷƳһַ
ǸźһģѾͣʲôǿߣҳҲûֱӽӼ˼ǽ˵ǰûʲôΪ˵ڸȫЩַˡ
ַЦЦƽʱС£˱һֲȱʲôΪֵ飬ĸеʱϡ٣ʱԷڼ˷ʱ䣬Щꡣ
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ŵִƺһ˲ֲĳ̶ȣһݴСӡͷǰ⻤ͷϰȥ
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⻤һӣǿַһĳ赭д֮¾Ȼͷųôǿһ¾׹Լǿˡ
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һʿĳôὫôһλ
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ַոһɲǼͱ弼ͥԺڵĳ͸͸ܵˣȫͣгЩ̧ͷɹĻֽӵУȻڵϡ
վǷʱһӾַ˭
ԭֵܣǲ˼ո뼫Ϊ̸飬ȻֵܣѦв˵ѦЦݣַ֪Ǻڵʿ֮Ϸ¼ӭȥ
Ҳվ⣬˺ܿҲΪǵսѣǵһˡ
Ѧ鰮ӣ˲ţ֮ʵǿȻ˵ʵǿ޹ϵǸȴΪλÿһλǺ弶ĸ֡
֮ص˶ǲ̽˵ΪԸոûзַǿֻǸо֮˵ǿȲѣַһַ֣֪ʵϾͱ̬ȣȻЩʣȴѾǼΪĲˡ
ѦֲַֻԼ飬ַЩ⣬ҲںЩֱ˹ȥӭѦ˸к˳˲֮ǰ
ʮַʢʳĶַûмʶģζˣǰһƱҲװ˾ˮһҺ壬ŨŨַĻ䡣
ַ޾Ʋֵļ䶼ʱǾƣһĻһĻ·ھˮӳ»˳


61 ǿѹ
þûкȹ˰ַи̾šѦѾкԱߵ̴Ӽһײ;ߣΪַһơ
Ѧ飬εĳ⼸λȫǺǵĸֵ֪ܸմѦָһȦ˴ԵĽһ¡
ַ档ַͷ˵
Է̬ʮ飬ַҲֱӾ͸̸Լ飬Ƶǰһϼһ̸ˡ
ֻǿ˺ӣɲʱ˽һߣĸ߶Էַӵӡ似飬Ǹû취ڰ
ڿڣַԼôԼڵͬʱ¾Ѿˡ弶ǿݣʱѦ²ǨŭԼء
̫ˣѵôˣԺȳַ֪ӵӡ似ԼиƨĹϵҲΪԼһֶԼһЩˡ
ʵѦµĽǲģӷ쮽һ弶ĸ֣Ѧ϶ٵĽΪַ֪ӡ似ӷ쮵˼ҲͱôһЩҪõĽȻҲҪ߳١
ӡ似ҾȻ۳ͣӦӡ似Ŷԣڵ֮ضûһȥǳ˸øҶٽ
飬Ҫ˵˽죬ԼˣǴѶҲҪ˵ģʱð棬ԼɾͿˣпܱԷΪʵɱ
Ǹʲô֡
ͻȻ䣬ӷ쮾ôԼ̧ͷһ쮵
سˣСķ쮣ΧʮѲСӶӳ쮹ش
ŶֵַܲİɣǺǣĲӦؽֵַܿǺĹ׾͸ˣ˵ҲԵͷˣ㻹ǸϿֵַܴӦɡѦ麬ɳӰ˵
ոѾַ飬ϧַ沢ûӦѦ鲢żڸ֣ġ
ȻˣַĲںǣôѦ鶨Ȼ뿪ġ
Ҫ֪Ȼܱ߳ǳصĹϵԣսҵ֮أʵ˵׼ѾͱˣܹԷʱ򣬹ѻǵˣһ侮ʯԼòԱͲϣҲǲ˵õġ
οַǡˡӦеĸ߿ƼװʢϣÿһǼΪģǲ׷
Ҫ֪֮ظеıȫǴѹĲƳɵģ֮֮رĲǿϲֹһ
ΨΨŵŵĵͷǣȴţһʲô֪ӡ似ֱӽһΪ
ǵַԴʱȴǸӾⲻ˵ˡ
ţɣһ︱ģֵַܳΪǺǵĸҲֱӹ︱£ͷ죬Ȼȥɡ
ѦһӣѾʱַٴΣȻҪѾַϣй쮡
ǡεתѵȥĲȴ׼ľ
ݺݵ˼ڿҪߵſڵʱ¶˾ģ͵ػͷˡ
ճڣһֱѹԼˣѳǳЯǳصиһǰҪСˡ
˵ֱܴӽ쮵ѹ˹ȥΪĻԣѦ鼸ȫĻ˹ȥ
ʲôҪˣôֵַ֪ܵĵѦüͷתͷ쮣ʲôطֵֵַܣûʲôˣ
쮸ոչҪ˵Ļ⴫Ѷ֮˵һ仰͸ѹ˻ȥʱҲĲ˵һˣʹ˼Ͱ͵ûûûʲôˣѳǵĽӴֵַˡ
紦Ѧ˼ֵַַܽʱûпʲôˣ˵ֵַܵʱԼһ˽ٵģ֮һ𣿡
ַҡҡͷһ񶨵Ĵ𰸡
ʵҲڻЩҵ֮ǲָԼҪַ֪ģ̽Χ֮صԶ֪ٱܹ̽⵽Ļ϶Ѿ˴ˣʱûз˵Ĵڰ
˵˾ֵַˡѦҡҡͷ˵ĹȻûѳͰнǺǵ˵жԣ򲻿ܽǶ׼ߵı߾ϣ⣬Ҳƽ׵ֵַ֪ܵĴڡ
ѦЩƵ˵ԱߵļҲЩߡ
ѳ˵ǺǹͬˣǺհǾȻ֮ı߾⣬Եľϲ⡣
ûѾǸϺ꣬ʲô㾡ͷβռ˱˾͵ǳ˴˵ҪǽˣŵʱسǶδǽ˵ʱֱӾͰǸˡ
ô˵ʱȻѳǹԮǺҲǲģܹϺ꣬ҲᱻسǺǵǡ
ڲ˵ЩʱѺ˷ǶиȻбʲôرĿġ
ʲôĿģǶѾ˵ˣҪ˺ˣĿĿ϶ֵַܵϣٺ٣ʲôģϹǵĹۡ
࣬иԵ뷨
ÿǷֵ磬ȷʵпɼĺϾ֮һ㶼и߿ƼǸ̽ǣʵĳ˴Ķʥõ˶ֱʵ׬ȡ˲ٵĲϡ
ַȻǺڵĸ֣ļֵһͱпЯĿƼֵߣֻѦĸࡣֻҪַշôַĶȻҲͱԼߣΪԼ֮ؼһʱ
ڣѳǺǵĸ־Ȼ㳲ѹ˹Ƕַ˽Լ߻Ҫడ
ʵѦû뵽ǣֻԼı߾ͷ⣬ֻܼ⵽ǷǿѣĻҪѲ߶ȥ鿴ѳȻĺܹ֣Ҫװö׼˺ǣǿԼ⵽ַ浱ʱһһһʱַ֪ӵӡ似顣
ӡ似֮ص˵ǾĲƸ֮ʲô϶ҪǿĶĲƸκζӡ似һȶټ֣ǷһҲҪнַõ֡
ߣҵҪѺҪʲôΪһˣȻĵĽи˹ߣҾͲǸҺǵſڷսѦһкһȥһ߷Ըһżڳǻʱôս׼


62 ͻȻϮ
ò˵֮ڵԪ֮ʵ̫ǿˣ޵ĽȷĺʿҪΧǱ߶öࡣֻǳؼڵĸ־ʹﵽ˶ʮ֮
ǰˣѳǺǶˡ
һ࣬ĳδѦĪҪֲǰ
һȺڵĸϣһò·һɰͰ͵СͷӴЦӭȥ
Ƿѳγѣ۷ĸ֣Сͷʵܹڴ˵Žǰַ֮⣬Ѧ鶼òϺʤ
ѵԱߣڵķѳǸΧԣһңǵˡ
Ȼѣ֮ɸһ鰲ȫ룬Ϊ˫ں˼̫Զ˿ҪײŸվһ
һһźۣһЦֱѴкѦһ֮Цеʺһ䣺
ѦһڼΪӵ֮ǳظֵĶ淽һʱǳصĸַ·ΧһΣԾңš
ϻ˵궼кվȻһǰеĺڸ֡ôѵ뽫Һһ˲ɣѦȻ˵ȻڱȶԷ˼ˣûʲôþµġ
ĵϣǧƵķʿ˵ԷԷһ㣬ֱΧɱԷʤ׷ĻͿܽԷǳȫ¡
ѺǲѦⶥñӺð˵Ѧԩˣֻǵ֪һˣԴǰһ۶ѣҲ֪ģ˶ûмʶ˵ģԴ˺Ǻ氡
ǰԼǣǴδˣһϵǱѦֲԶˡҲǽŸ͵׷ʵ֪ģλֵܴ˹Ź֣һףĪǾλֵܣ
ѵʵͿַ棬ֻҪһʵʱ˵ѡ
ʱᵽַ棬סѦ׷ֱӽַϣνһá
ʵַ棬ַȴûлششѦ顣
ֵַѾҺǵĸλҪע⣬ȴҪҺΪˣѦƴܾˣҲǶֵַа˿Ѧ߷˵ͬʱַЩ˿ƼпıģӦǣ˵ǼҺǵ˸ȥѦǿ
ѦĻ˵Դǣǻ˸ͱɻ˹ȥʱԵַ棬Ϊ滷ĹϵȴǲѦ˵Ļġ
ҲԸ£ֻǵͷӦûѾ˺ǣǺǵĸ֮һ¶֮ص˽ޣλʲô飬ɸѦǢ̸Ϊҵ
ַĻѺЩǶǵˣӦҲǼΪѸ٣֪ܹͬоַ棬ϽתƵƼϡ
ⲻоǵˣΪѣιһµõĿƼûʲôɣ
ѹһ£ϲѦֻһԱ󽫣ǹϲϲֵַֻǴֵܶǶĿƼֵַ֪ܹóһСǿ۽磿
û֮֮أҪΪǵĿƼ̫棬¶ԴҲءֵַܿһҪӣǺúüʶһĿƼаҲǽŸ͡
ѦˣͶַһ㿴ȻˡȻǷܵʲôԣֵַܴʱոմ罵٣ҲЩˣϢһ죬һƼҲҶ겻ۣýһҺѦ֮ꡣ
ѦЦ˵ΪѾõϢڵķڻѾϣһԷڣ벻°ϵ˶ˡ
ѺȻû̽飬ôĽϥҲǿ뵽Ѧ˼ġ
˴˸ɫͻȻǰٷȥ
һ߿ַˣһߴӦҲãǾȵǵһ죬͡
δ˵꣬źʮѾַ漸˵ǰȳָ֣£צ͵ؾַ̽ȥ
ˢ
һצٶȼ죬̽ʱҸַʮ׵ľ룬ǵֱֱʱȴǷ·͸˿ռ䣬ֱַǰ
ɿݵצֻʣһ㳤˰ߵƤѵȷʵѾ˼ˣһצȴûΪĹټ⹥̫ͻȻǱץУһĺʿҲҪ˱ܡ
ȻַһĺʿսʶѻҪǿĶֻ࣬΢һתǽһצŵ־ƺһ־˹ȥ
һɲǼ䣬ַѾһι뷴
ֱʱ˲ŷӦ
ˣ֣ѦŭոջΪԷôϵе˷ܣתۼͱԷ͵ϮҪķֱѦ鱩ŭ˫ȭѺ˹ȥ
бȴǶһıһһˣɵжѦĲִһ
٣Ѧ֣òд裬ָܹһЦ
ѵΪˣΪ뻢ıƤ֣ȽʱѳǵԴҶƽΣѦŭдǡ
ʱǳػЩ룬óеķʿɱУض˲أʱܹ߷õĽ֡
ߣȲ߷ѣҲһ֡Ѧ뵽ǽͷһͬûкøС
سǳҪԼһԸѳǣΪҡڲգʱѳǣֵõš
׻˵ϵҲ֪ŵʲô֮֮Ĺϵ֮֮ǿ˲һǰ㡣
ѦĻװ˼һ֮󣬺ܿӦ˶Է飬תŷѳ֮˹ȥʵȴѦ飬һλ᲻¶Ժǵһش
ҲڡѦĻѻǲֻ࣬ԸӱŭĹӦˡ
ʱַȴĶԼһѳǸϮ
ţ似õ൱в似ϧ𳬼ϵͳ֮иĽǲһЩüϻǲźܶġַ뵽
ֻǱӴܣ˶ַ֪ڵһʱͷõ似ץ֣Բӹ۲һ¶Է似ǿ̶ȡ
ĻַʵԸû˿ܵıҪ


63 Ŀ
ַ似󲿷ֶǴӳϵͳеõģӡ似֮⣬似ȫֻҪΪﵽҪ󣬾ܷӳ̶ȵ
ַڵ似ӡ似֮⣬ʣµҲǾںϹģһŵ֣һһɽǾںϣͳ˵ȼĽ綨˵ӡ似ַ似Ѿҳƥˡ
ȻѵץѾõĳ뻯Ҳֻǲѡ
Сӣҿ㻹ӣҹɡѹЦ
ʱΧҲȥƴַ棬ֻǶסַߵĵ·ֻѵһſ·ߡ
ַõŶ
ոֻΪҪ۲Էץ֣Ա˽һ֮سǵĴʵ
Ȼ֮صʮ㲻ʲôܹΪѾ˵ʵνһ߶֪ȫսϣַǿƶϳʵˡ
ȻûоȫַҪһЩѹʱ˹Ҳϻֱ̧һǾŵ־ʹ˹ȥ
ءһַԭزȴֱӱȥ
ĴһֱŤһֵȣͷ·һҵһ㡮ಡһ˵棬ֱ˶Ľ˵صס
Ǵص׵ٶ˿͸о·Ĳǵ棬ˮһ

һΧַʱɵˣһһOͣǰͺ˶ˡ
ѳǺ۷ǿ߰ȻΪ似ԭ򣬿ʮеףǺôҲǺ۷壬֮ضѵõǿ߰
ǶԷȻܹô׵һƾͽĽ֮£ǰ˸жôǿʵ
Ī𣿡
ж͵һ˼뵽
ʵϣַѵĲಢûôֻʱѲȡҪַķҪǿַַľŵǹܣֻǿѡ
ͬ͵ļֱӽ֣ɵĽַľŵִȫʤ
Ȼַ似ѵץҪǿĶ࣬ΪַʻֻǺڣѻ˺üΣӲǿԷҲɸոôǿЧ
ֻһַûȫͽһǵĳĽ˵£һĻǾΧĸʽ˰Ѧڵˡ
Ѧĺ۷ǿߣȻַܹոռıˡ
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ҲǺ۷壬ҲǿѣҲǿ̫ࡣʱַľһ룬ԼĻոܲܵ͵ס
ַ΢΢ҡͷѵսʾ̫⣬ֻʹ˾ŵֶѣѾһͽԷſ£ͷųηʨӡɱ¾ӢӡӡЩŶҪɵˣ
ʵϣַܹһͷųӡ似ȷʵпܽЩ˶ɵģΪ֮ص˲ӡ似жôǿϡġ磬ַڣ˶֪ӡ似ӡ似жǿġ
Ͼַ棬Ϊֹûɹһ߼ӡ似أӡ似ڻȫǳѡ
쵰Ȼһֱʵյļһ
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Ѳûʶոַ淢ӳʲôΪߣֻԼΪУԱԷ͵Ϯ֣Դʱոմӵ˳һ֮ٴη
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Ȼǣַֻٴƣǰһƣֱӽٴΰ˵¡
ոյĶԾˣʱǴ¶ϣַѹһƣȻǵֲġ
ûбصףǱˡ
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ĿЩϵƤϾȻ˺ɫΪ̫ɵġ
ˣϾȻܹӡ似ȻҲпӵ似ոƿƽȴǼΪǿҲһּΪֲƷ似ɡͻȻѣˣΪͨ⿴ַͷžƿӡľ
ĻͣһѦ鷳
Ϊӡ似Ƹˣϧַӵӡ似ΪԼȥ
Ҫ֪ѦĺǱ֮˵ĳǳضҪǿĶ࣬ҪѦ̸ƽӡ似飬붼Ҫ϶̸ɣѦΪ˲©Ϣ̸ʱ򣬳ɱ
ǸĻ˶֪ûжԷսʤѦ飬սʤѦҲ͵ӡ似Ե˵ܹ˴š
Ƕһ㣬Ǿַս
ַľƿӡӵƵһѿ϶ַӦһʿսӦޣټǺڵΪǿӦҲǿȥû뵽ԼΪǿȥߣֻһͽԼú޻֮
ˣѵҪôѲĵ뵽һģͷųӡ似֮ضûĴڣԼܹõǺ׾ܳΪ֮صǿߣ
Ҫƴһ¡
ΨһĵľǣԼƴҲһܹɹΪﲢַֻһˣѦߴ󸱳ÿһҲٺڵΪ
ˣѦ顣͵תͷѦ顣
ʱѦַͣϣΪոַγֶе𾪡ѿ飬һϲ
Ѧʱַ֪սôֲ֪ĻովͲӦôƴַܻ棬ΪֻԼûпַ棬ӡ似Ǹַܾ˲õѡ񡣡
ڹԼҲǿʼˣĶԲ˰ɡЦţͻȻѦ󺰵Ѧλʵ񳬳ԤأôڸǴսһܻʤӡ似𣿡
ʲôӡ似Ѧ鱻ѵĻΪַֹ֪ӵӡ似飬ԾһãȻ
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ѹ֣ѹ϶еľ񶼴˳һƴһ㣬ԭַӵӡ似ѦĺҲЩ
Ҫˡ
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Ϲʲô˼ѦõͳǸոյַŭѯʵ
ͬʱѦǴһƣ˫ȫֹͣսı任һЩλַΧС
ַֻǵһЦȴǲжЩ˵Щʲô
˵ĿľǴ˽ӡ似飬Ҫñ֪ģʱ£ȻһѣҲʵûдﵽµĳ̶ȡ
ϵս£ԼԵöׯһ㣬ûһ˼˵㣬ң˵ĳǳұǹͬ˵Ĺϵ֮ϵֹֹһΣЩҾͲ˵ˣֱ˵һ㣬εӡؼҷѳǺ־ڱصạ̤̃ǵʬ塣
Ҳ˵ûѾ벻֮꣬ҲûмĻͷΪӡؼ⼸꣬ҲûʲôźģѦ飬Լ˼
ߡ
ѦһĪǻ˳ǣѦĳȻٻ˼꣬Ҳ̰ӡؼֶ˵Ҳãҿã⼸ֵҲͬ⡣ҪսѦĳǡ
Ѧֵ˵ѾǳԼҲҪַӡؼˣʱַѾԶ˺Ǹݡ
û취ʵӡؼ֮صҪ̶ȣǳأΪ˱˵һǽѦ齫ǺλȫҲɵĳ
տʼʱǲַ֪ӡ似ĻﻹֱӾҪ֮Χ֮ʱŲѳǵֱַӴӡ似ؼ˵
ȵѧӡؼɱʱ֮ضҪΪ֮


64 
ѦԴʱҪȴҲǸܵġ
ʵѧؼͲҪôĶǣΪһѧؼһѧû⣬ӡ似ȴǲ֮ͬǰضֻһ˲ѧһӡؼ
˵ӡ似Ψһġ
ַϰЩӡ似һǵ֪ϰҪĵһ¾ɱַ档Ϊַڣ֪ӡ似Ҳһ˿Ч
ȻһǾԲᵱַ˵ģЩǶǱڹֻѦ飬Ѻ֪еè塣
һۡ
̶˹ͬӡ似ʱ˭پͿԼ츳ˡǴʱһѦ飬˾ͶЩ̫ˡ
Ϊֵʱ򶼻һص뷨ǾǵȻؼ֮ȽԷɱͿԶؼˡ
ڶһѦ飬һɱˣ϶ãѦʵҪǿһЩ֮ڹĶǣ˵ᱻѦƣʱΪˡ
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ʱ򷴵λм䱻ΧŵַΪС
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ջ֪Ƕõҵ似ʵòŴɱɱˣ˭ܹش㹻⣬Ҿֱһӡ似ؼΣ
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ãͬ⣬ʲô⣬ԸΪ𡣡Ѧѡ
Ѻ΢һϼƣҲͬľƭؼ˵ʱעı仯
ַ˵ͷЦʵǺãҵĵһǣûʲôռͨ磬绹½磬ʲô硣
룬ջվ˳ӦͨĿռѷģϧռѷӦò̶ֻż֣Ҳû֪Ϊ뿪˶ûлعϢֻѷܵѷһߵϢ֮кܴͬŶ϶ͨһѷ졣
ȷĿռѷ𣿡ַ
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ȻгϵͳߣֻλӦֻռЩ似ѣܹѧЩ似̶ֳ߽ȵĻһǴﵽ𾳽˰ɡôôأ
ַĵڶ⣬ѦҲɵˣȻ֪ӡؼ飬ǣӡ似ȴ֪ĺٺٵģֶ¾λ˶һܹ˵ɣ
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ȷʵ֪Ϊ似̫ϡˣҲܸ߱еܡѴΪش
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Ѧ飬ѡһɫȫַ治ؼ˵ûҪǿӲֶˣȻһаգҲûа취ˡ
ַϻһת˵ɣһռ䣬ֻҪУ֪е˵ûǼ١Ĳ֪ӡ似ͽҵĿռشֻҪʵһǻشȷΣ
ַĻٴθһϣ΢ʱ̣ܹ䣬ǲԸ⶯ֵġΪһ֣仯̫࣬˭Ҳұ֤Լõĺô
ֻ˷ѵʱش⣬˭㸶Ҫƽϡ
ֻǣѦȴ׷һ䣺Ŀռش⣬Ŀռʲô⣬ΣˣϾĿƼҲǼҲǲò
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Ҳ˼ҪǷ˵ûйϵǽĿռ䣬ǲðաң㵽׻ж⣿̫࣬ǻǲҪ˷ôʱˡӦ
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Ǹֶ֪ãΪַΪҪ֪ӡ似ò
Ǹոն˵ʵʱȻҲַķܹʲôֻ΢ԥһ£ַͬ顣

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Ҳ֪ӡ似ĵȼѵڶش
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ַЦſˣһĵȴ˵Ļش
ַ沢ɵӣ෴ʮֵĴڹ۲ϸڡӸտʼѺһеԼʱַѾˡ
ΪԵļ㣬־ѺܹԼҲضʧأΪѦĳǳأܷӳսԲǶ١
Ǿϼ޻ѶûѡҪѦͨЭ̵ķʽӡ似⣬ɼп϶ʲôè塣
ֱ˫Ѿսֳַǿʵ˼ѵľַȷӡ似Ӧòôѧġ
Ϊʱսȥûжٻܹסַ棬˻ǲòȻһвõɡ
ɾǣһãԼͺпɥʧϰӡ似Ļᡣ
ֻֽܹΪӡ似ܹѧϰ
ַķܼ򵥣Ҳ׼ȷںѾˣĵڵ٩Ѧˡ
ʱѦ˹ȻǱַ٩ˣһʱ˶Щˡ
֪һӡ似ܶһҲûӡؼһʼҪƭǻش㼸⡣ԣںӦֻǵһ⣬ڶҲʳҪƭռ֮еġѵķӦѸ٣ϲ²һЩ⡣
ʱһЩǲŷ֣ԼΧȻ֪Ѿ˽ģ
ЩÿһǷ۷ʵеף˫۾ǵУеľ޴󣬼ⱬըǺ֮ÿһ츳ҪǿٱΪս塣
ʱķ֮УǳѾʧȡ֮һƬأϵҲѾһΪֱ˺ڣףңֻɫľ޴ͫĶ·


65 ͫ
ַ΢΢˺󣬶ʱӰƵǰվںߡ
ѦһȻַ泤ȫһֻȴҪ࣬һ˵֮ͫаɫĻԾһ֮ͫ۰һȦɫϸС档
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֮Ԫ̫֮ǿʢַܵ˺ܺõ󣬴ʱȻԾɱȲʿǿȣȴҲѾ˲٣ɳֻʣʱ⡣
ʵַͿ˶ԷŲƣҲһֱѦ飬ܾöԷʲôı˵ԼʲôһֱûչֳԼʵΪҪԷʲô
ʱһȫʩչʱ˶ΧС
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ȷӦ˺һ䣬ʱָӵռ⣬Ⱥ⴦ռ䣬գָʲôڵǡ
˵ţѾȻӶֱۣ߹ϵϵֻ۾ȥ
ֻ۾̫ˣҴǼѹرаɫһֻڸ˵˾޷С
ַڷ֮еĶǺڵĸ֣ӦѸ֮ѻȭͬʱѾŴԼĹ
ֻǣַҽôһؽ֮УȻûзԷһ֡
ַһʱ䣬ڷϿգֻ۾·ƾͻȻһɫľ޷塣
䡯һ죬ʮǿߵĹԼײںɫ޷ϱߣȻɫ޷ôƯҲʲô֣ǹϱߵʮ弶ĳǿȻȫҷ㶼ûк
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ַûôΪϵͳǸõģοĽ츳似֮ԶԼİߵһʱ䣬Ǵһϡϣˡ¯ڷ֮УûûҹĴɽ
˵ֻҪϣɽʮܣʱ𼶵ķˡڣɽȻûдϣǱĲǿȴǾĳɫҪں۷֮ϣûдﵽ𼶣ҲԶˡ
ַķ޵ȼǷڣɽȴѾӽ𼶵ķʮֲ㣬ĻɽһʮǿֱӾͻᱻѹ⽴
ַ磬ǿԽɽ˲ƵκһطֻҪ߶ȴǺѺѵġ
Ѧ˼乥ɽأжǿһ£ǲûоΪ޴Σ˸ǿҵս˻һۺʮĬķֳߣһһ鿪ʼΧͻϮ
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ͬģսʿҲǲƬ̾ͻָ˿ڣ֮еɱôһЩ֮⣬һжոûʲôͬ
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66 ռϷ
ַĸʬ֮ԴںϽ֮󣬷һЩ΢ı仯ǰֻǰͷŹ֮ɱ˲ŻᱻƳɸʬܣֻҪַķ֮УһϾͻᱻԶתɸʬܡ
ҲַһҪЩڷ֮еԭ֮һ
֮в˲ƺɽʬ֮ҲԷӼǵзҷֱתɸʬܣΪַ
Ψһһźǣʬܸһǲܹġ
ʱัǲ֪һģǱޣͷЩûмʶô֪ʬ֮ϡеͫأ
Եʬӵϸûһμսս˿û½ʱЩ˵жһ˿
Ȼղһʱ򲢲ÿ˶˶ɥʧսĶ־еʱҲпܻΪǿǾƴ
֮صʿޣԸ˵ҪȷǸѪһЩģʱȻÿһҲ˿Ͼʹ˷䣬һʼȼѪҪƴһ

һѳǵĸոյǸڶȼյԼڵѪڷӿ˲䱬ǿ
ǽ֮Ϊķ֮һ⼫Ϊصĺ֢ȼѪ֮Ķʱ޷жֱѪȼյĹ֮С
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ʱڶԶԿոս׺ڵԨħ˵ȼ٣սȴǲģԨħ츳ʮǿżǿѵĹϼٷ֮ʮ
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һѳǸץסһֻ·۾һĹŹսʿֱһȭ˷飬˫ֽƴһǧƣ㽫ЩƬȫ촷ۡ
Ƭ̣սʿû漣ġʱ̲סЦ
ЩһȻɱֻҪǴңǾͲٸˡ
ЦĿģȴû뵽ЩսʿոֻǽһսʿңѾķʱѾ۵ˡ
Ҳ޵һΣΪǵĹȫǿԼ壬һ޵Ļһ濾ֱӾܽһȥսʿճɻҽôȴҪôȭÿһȭҲ̫޷Щȫĥ
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ھͱЩɱʮ˷ѵġ
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ٿַ棬ʱһ˲ͷųӡǾѾԶԶǰѦʶӡ似ˡ
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ʱ֮˴ڵġ
ѣһʱ뵽ĸݵӡǿԼһʵѦ⣬˾Ȼȫ䵽һ磬Ҫ֪Լ˸ոտǶȼѪİûȼѪĻԼҲҪ
棬ȻǺڣǱȴк۷ʵսʿһɲַ棬սȥ˵ӡ似ˣ¶û֮ء


67 ַ
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Ȼշʮ£ȫƳ˸ʬܣַ沢û̫˷ܣΪں鶼ûеõ
һҵ뿪ȥΧǵĿռѷ죬һѰӡ似ķ
ֻȥʥǿһˣĳҲӵӡ似Ҳ֪ĻһЩַҡҡͷԼҲȷܷԼҪϢʱѾΨһĳ·
Ѧ˵ļַѾ֪ʥǵʵ
ʤѦһǺ۷ʵΪӵ֮һӡ似ҪսѦ飬ѣ˼¶Ķ֡
ʥΪһǣʤµĸҲģжʮ֮ࡣ
кˣˣʮһˣܺʵҲȫ˺ǣѳǣǳصܺˡ
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Ͼַӡ似һأҲز˶೤ʱġֻҪһʶԷӡ似飬Ȼͻɣַ沢ȷʥǾܵõԼҪĴ𰸣Ҳ뻨̫ʱʥϡ
ȥֱӽȫշȻðʾֱȽϱգҲ١
ﻹĸ߼ѧؼڷ޵һЩƿ֮ȷҲкܶ࣬ҪȡЩؼ߷ȴܲͶҪȥʥǣܻ䷢ʱǿԼ֣һֳǣֺõģһᰴ乱׸轱ֲģûнһ㣬˭ҪǸսʱϺȡǵİ
ַƽ˵ʱָָߵѦˣЩǣֶǹԹģǲҪɶ뵱ܣַԲ顣
ʮȫΨΨŵŵӦǣַҲûнǷųȥĴ㣬ֱӽڷ֮УеоԪǿٵ
ַԼǳ˷磬ܿȥʥǵķѸȥ

ʥǣһǣʤ֮ҲŵϺŵǿߣ¸ǿ
ʱʥڣʤһ޴޹ƳɵϣǰһͷƤϸòŮӡ
ҸղŵĽ飬úÿǿǣϾֻӡȻȳΪȴǲ˲һǰ㣬õһ֣ҲֻֻӡбȽһݣҼҳͶķ˵ҪСһЩءòŮӵЦ˵ûһ˿ǫɫͺ̸ͬһ
棬ʤҲûһЩȻǳŮֻһǶԷȴ֮ĳǳصĵһʵΪӡ似ԼҲһǶԷĵ֡
ʱԷܹǰԼߣѾǺܸԼˣڶϣǿߴѶϢ֮˻ȲԼء
ǣ̫Ҫʱú룬ȥǼҳʤĿǳ֮ˣƻȻСʧ󣬴˳ΪĻᣬʮãʤֱӣ˵
òŮȻһЦ͵ȻˬˣѡȻأȻѾ˻ͻȥȥˣϵλ֪ͨ
˵꣬΢΢ʤǷֱӷ𣬺ܿʧ֮С
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ʵϣոʤѾ˵鶯ģ֮ʱûдӦԷҪԼӵ
ʥһ˵ףȻô󣬵Ϊ»Ҫǰ⣬ͺѱ֤ǵ档
Ŷʤüͷһ˵˵⣿
˵ͷݵλҪϲֻӡԱ㿪ۡеѷֱ磬ŵĺôпӵз֮ҵĵһǣ˭֪ѷһִܹȻãһ߲磬ôһԽ˹ȥȴҲ֮·ǸõΣ
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ʥһ˵꣬Ȼ㾲վʤߣȴԼ
ոǰ̸Ҫʥʺϵ룬ֻں͵ĻЩ⵱ȫֱʸ
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˼Ƭ֮ʤڿ˵һ㣬ѷ쵱ȥΣǰҲо࣬Ӧɡֻǰûгֹ˵ط޴ʵѡ
ڵڶ㡣ʤһ£ȴֻʩչطܹ֪֮ˡ


69 ַ浽
ʤЩѹ֣ԼӵĹҲûпǹֻܹΪϣԸѡȥһĵġҲΪʲôҪ˵ΪˬԸ⣬Ͼÿ˶Լѹ׵Ķȥעġ
ʤȻûԼĶʥͷȴҲԲɵϣ·ôԶѾеĹɡ
طʵеģԼʩչʱȻܹоģһ⣬ֹͣˡ
ҰյһЩطȻԵ˵Ϊ似ǿ϶ҲЩơƾһҪʩչطߵΪԶܷ߲У򽫻ܵɡ
ʵڵڶģ֮ϻݵһλġ
طǿ˵ӡ似Ҳ˵ܷͬʱԿԼˣԼҲܹ׶ȡģʱһãŪɣȴǲˡ
ȻطûһطеƣǾֻϵùˡ
֮شδ˳ɾ͹𣬱˵ڣԶʱڣʱ򣬷֮δȫϾûܹͬ޳ɹοڣʤͻȻЩ˵ʵҸղҲ뵽һ⣬ǾǣֻܹӡһĴ˿ռѷ죬յԳɾôҽԼһӡ似͸Ҳ㲻ʲôϾԶһܹΪĽһݹףҲǿʷһˣֻǿ㣬ûӡ似ӵеĹǰٹˡ
˵Щʲô֪ϲġʥЦҡͷ
ʤҲ΢΢һЦȻֻһ˲䣬ЦݾȻһ̧ͷȴǿͷ֮ϣһСڵڼٵıϡѾԿһ˵Ӱӡ
ʲôˣȻܹͻʥǵ⣿ʤ΢΢ü
޲ͬڷޣΪʹܸӦȷҪַ࣬½ʱ˿ʤע⣬ʱ޷֪Լĳǳ֮˲֮͡
ˢ
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һΪԼǰϵѹ֣ʤԼоЦ
Ҫ֪ӵӡ似ģȻֻ֮һȫѹͬʿ˵ַǱҪˡ
ַһȴԼĸоǿѨ硣
Ϊַ˫Ѹٵǰӡǣǰһˢˢˢˢһͷųʮͷ׳Ļƽʨӡ
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ֻӡԶɢݣʱµһȺһ֮ΪáȻȻż˻ùֻӡؼǺܿ˾ͻɱ˾֪ٴκҲû˸ȥڶֻӡˡ
˵Уӡ似۳ʵĴǲҪ˵ʤ⣬֮ʷʿۼʶ£ôƾճǰôܲԾ
ǳԾҲֻһ˲һɲǣʤбֳ̰ɫ˫ȭսҪɱַ棬ӡ似ؼ
֪ŮһƼǿԿ̽˵ļģֻҪɱַ棬ȻȥƿѷĻַеӡ似ؼھôԼͳ֮Ψһһӵӡ似
ʱ޵ָտɴ
ʤ;ѪڣڵҲͬʱ·ɽ緢һӿ˳˫ȭѾ˲ַɱ˹ȥ
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ʥٶȻʤĹٶȿ죬˲䣬ʤ˫ȭѾϰٱ顣
ǡǡ
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۷Ĺǲ似ƾҲ㹻ڵʿɱһٶȭȥַӵؼڴⲻҲӦĲˡ
ǻϣʤһķйеļ֮飬ȴûпַϵһĨƽЦ⡣
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ʲôʤͣˣ𾪡
޴ĺӰǰʤⲻϹӣȻܹõոոû⣬ֻƾԼĿ񱩹ʲôֵܹˣû뵽Լһ񱩹֮ǰɫɽ徹Ȼûб䶯һ˿˵ˡ
ַ΢΢һЦһѾɽٴջط֮Уɽĵȼʵ̫ߣַ淨ڵķʵÿʹöǼΪķԪģҸֻͷųѣȴƶһ¶ĻԸʤһĺ۷壬ǲ÷ʲôˡνһɣһɽȥʲôֿܹ˰
֡ʥʱųʤǰȻַǸλ£ĵ̫ͻأҸײᣬԲŶ֣ʮֱǸ
ַ浭һЦһΪǿҵӡ似ҪɱңȻŮƼȡҼеӡ似ؼء
ʤɫһ䣬ȴǱʥ˵ûе飬ʵǿҸп֮ģҲûаܹսʤ£ôôʵĶأҪ֣ҲҪλǰŸаһЩɣ
ʥĻʤ⡣
Լӵ֮һӡ似ݺ֮أ˼Ȼӵӡ似ʵνɲİȻԼΪ˲٣ٻûвż𣬲޷ֲľ룬ԼôðȻ֣ȷʵҲЩˡ
ʤֻԼӿ˫ʵԱȣ跨סԷʵڵȴĵȻʥĸͲЩ
ͬ飬ڲͬ˵УŲͬķ֣ҪΪͬ˹۲Ҳǲͬġ
ʤ⣬ֻηʨӡ˼ηʨӡΪ죬̰
ʥУȴַĴţ飬ԼһͷηʨӡȴΪ˹ЩΪ
ԣҲεõηʨӡַ浽ʲôˣΪʲô˵ء


70 ӡ似ķ
ַոսٵʱʥʹϸܵһѹֵϢûԼ׵ΪַɢѹָоΪУַľη֮ҲΪǿҡ
һʼʱҲԼĸһ־ηĸоеЩɻ󣬵ǵַʩչηʨӡʱ򣬲һ΢ЦԼ׵ĹʱʥףԼոյĸоûдַǱԼ׻Ҫǿˡ
һŹֵװΣټϴûмʶӡ似жϵĳַԲ֮صˡ
ոԼ͸̸۵飬þ뿪ǰȥйء
ͻȻôһˣӦøõ˽ǣôںò֪ʵԱȵ£Ҿͳأ
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ӰǶոյĴ򶷵̫޴󣬾ǳأΪϽǰ
˵ʥжʮλ֪ǲȫڳءַ浭Ц
ʱķ֮УǳصĶʮλ͸ȫԸԷĸһƴԼԸʤĻûκѹ
ʱǶԳʤ֮ӵЩȤˣ뿴ЩʲôȻЩǣʥȻڣ֧˼λ
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ʤϵıЩԥջѡԼĶӣ˻ֵȥɣˣҲҪ
ʤĻλŶȥʧˡ
ַɢǳأȻЩĸҲһΧȥ
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ʥ˿Ϊ⣬ȻЦûйͺãֻǲ֪´˴ǰν£
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ҴʱҲЩԼӵ뷨
ַӵӡ似Ҹոͷŵĺɽ𾪣ȻõӦǷ޵ļܣʤһʱ˴˵еķ
ټַֻǺڵʵȴܹԺ۷壬һӵһӡ似ԼСѹǰڵĵطӦǱԼӸ߼Ҳ硣
Ҫ֪֮żҲ֮˽٣ǴõϢ֪ڵ󲿷ֶڷչƼʿ֮٣Ҷӣܹ֡
ʤΪܹһ˿ܽ磬ϧпܱǿںֻӡΪۣҲҿ϶֮һܹõ֮ڣǰֱӾһʿܹ͸¶ʲôǲҲܹȡøõЧʱһЩʲôأ
ҪҲǷʱġ
죬Ĵɷô
ʤôŵʱַѾ˵⣬ϣܹæһ¡
ʥ뽫ʥ֪ض֪޲ԡ
ַ˵ͷǽѦǰʳٴһ顣
һеĿռѷ죬һӡ似
ַһ⣬ʥʤⶼһȻַ˼Լû˵磬ȴǴʱڴġ
ʥشĺܸɴ࣬ոڸԼĸ̸۹ѷ⣬ʱʶûʤ˼ֱ˵˳ݵ֮ۡȥĿռѷ죿ַظһ䡣
ӦͨģѷǴӹƶϳġʥһ䡣
ַһȥֻѡ
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ֻһ·ҲΧǵĿռѷ죬ַ廹ǴȻΧǡϾڲػЭⲿصĻͨûп֮ǰԼ͵ǹԮģͨ򿪣ǰҲһЩľӢһҪɱȥغߵսʿͬΣ֡
ڵڶ⡣ʥͷԼĸףӡ似ȴһ㶼֪ģʤⲻϸʵǸҲûáΪӡ似ֻһѧֻӡȽر𣬱ÿ˵õһݣҲÿֻһ˲ѧġ
Ҫӡ似ҪΪںϵ似ӡ似ҪΪں似ľں似ոͷŵʨӣӦþҪں似ɡʤҲЩȷǴԶ˵ԴѾûܹ֪ˡ
ֻӡΪѾǴɼԸͲҪںʲô似ˣҲûˡ
Ŷַ۾һԼηʨӡ;ƿӡʱηʨӡԶںԼʨ似ƿӡΪںԼĻ似
ַֻǵõʱӡ似Ȼȴûн׵İ
ӦǼ𲻹ɣӡ似ΪܴļܣȻܸЩͨ似һΣֻںһ似һӡ似Ҳ̫ûˡʤַĻٴ˵ԼĿ
ȷʵʱӡ似ÿҲֻܴһѣ˵Ǻпܵʱеӡ似ںϽԼӡ似С
ںΪɵӡ似ĻַҪеӡ似Щˡ
ôַҲĿˣϵͳ֮УѧؼһŻѾˣַ滹һƵ˽ȥֻʱûҪȥȡ似Ҳûж࿴ʱЩҲӦǳϵͳרΪԼİɡ
£Ѿشˣ֪Ƿ⣿ٶʥڡ
ַЦЦ⣬ǵĻشҲϣԣʲôҪֻҲһرǡ
ַո̽飬Ȼʾ׼ȷǶҲжϳһ˿ԷǷ˵滰ʤ⸸ӻشȷʵַ⣬ַͶұҲ׼һ˵һЩ⡣
ʥлʵ֪𣿡
ַҡҡͷ磬ڵѾȫʼչƼ㿴Ͽи߿ƼƷ
ʥʤⶼЩ⣬Ȼʥʣǲ֪ĸ磿֪֮
ַǺһЦ֪ʵֻ뷨֮ӡ似йأѦ鼸˵Ǳ޶ֻʥСӱѦ飬ѻҪĶ࣬һ۾ͿԼǺǵģԲûвѦ˵ĺ󳾣ĻӦԼķ֮УԼū˰ɣ
ַ沢Ըʹִū࣬ϾͬȻִū֮ڶԿֵʱܻΪŽᣬַɲеֶΪūȻԼū̫ɱˡ


71 Ů
ʥ֮Уַûʤ˷սҪ鹦ʤ֮ʥ۹ȽϬڹؼʱֹսķ
֮صˣַЩ뷨ġ
ΪԪ̫֮ŨԴ󲿷˵սʮǿʵΧǱǿ˲֪ٱ
忪սʱܹǼ룬ս϶ܹ
֪販ʿʱûзֹ֮أʱ֮ЩİҲЩһַа
ʮʱ䣬ַûĴߡѾ֪ȷе뿪֮أȥĿռѷڣѾ񵱳ôˡ
뿪ȥΧǵֿռѷ죬ʤ˵û˵
ַֻɳ˶ʮٶ͵սʿͺǣѳǵǳصʮǰȥѰңֵܹʲô
⣬ʮʱУַʵ˲СĽ
ʱûжԼı壬ȫԼķࡣ
ò˵֮صԪ֮ʵ̫ŨˣҪ֪ǱԪ֮Ҫһεԣ֮صԪ֮ȴܹӲƾŨ̶ȶص⣬رǣЩҲͨѾȽŨʿܳʱе̶ֳȡ
ɴ˿ɼ֮صԪ֮жôŨˡ
ֵطַķȻһǧһһӣֱգѾȫﵽ˷ڵ۷壬ӽͻƺڵıԵˡ
վַߵʥΪԼ׼ľԺ֮У̧ͷ΢΢տգһƬ
ֻҪﵽڣôԼʵѾʮֽӽ販ʿˡϮһʱ䣬Լлɾġ
ȻҲֻôѣϾɾС£ôɵģַѾϣ
ɽҲѾӽˣʱ𼶱ĺɽԴ߶һͷųȴϵ޵У²ʹҲһķַЦЦ˵Ѿо˺ɽı仯ķ綼Ĳʱˡ
ֵø˵ǣַʮ죬Ͼʱ䣬ѧؼһϵͳŻ֮УٴһЩС񣬻ʮѧؼĽηʨӡһȼ
ʱηʨӡѾмӡ似һοͬʱͷųһֻƽʨ˵Ҳǰǿ˲ֹʮȻַķΪҲϵҪģΪӡȼ
ַеҪӡ似Ҳʱûнӵôӡ似ԼҲǿ΢Կһ˰ɣ
ಣಣಣ
Ӱһǰַ߷ַסԺ֮㽵һַ˿ˣڽӴַͬȥ
ˣһʤ֮ʥ
ַ浱ս֮ȴҲûֱȥΪ˵ȴˣʤȥһѷʱ򣬿һȥ
֮ǰַҲһЩŬǾ˺սʿȥѰһΧǵĿռѷ죬ôʱȥһѶûУټʤ˵һЩϢַѾǰѰһΧǵķתȽ磬Ԩ·ĳڷΧǡ
ʱʥַͷԸ顣
ַһѾ⣬ʥʥǸ˵ͷ鷳ˡ
ʥ˾䲻鷳ֱǰ·ųȥ
ַ˵ִʱʤҲѾ̸࣬ʵҲûʲô˵ģһϴʱ˵ʮˣֻٴȷһЩˡ
ַ֮ûж˵ʲôֻվԱ߾ֱ˫С
ʥнϣǳɹֱӽ磬ʧܣǽͶ֮ӽ쿪ʼʥǱ㽻ˣĲǣӦÿıҸáʤʥİá
İɣףһúþӪʥǵģ粢ʥأ븸ܹշءʥҲЩ˵š
󣬶ٻ˼ҳʤת뿪
ʤ֣λǣʹ߷𣬵ʤ⶯֮󣬻һҲǸߵʱ򣬽סɻ˳
λҵһλѣҲҪһ뿪ġʤϾĴĿռѷ죬֮ȥҲһ⣬ܻһЩġ
ʹߵ˵ͷ΢üͷҲȻʤûǰ֪һЩֻС£ûбҪ̫ƽϣʱʲô⣬ҪԼԶᣬԼûʲôʸκξġ
ַʤⰵ˵ͷʤΪԼڻԸл
ݾ뱱򣬾üңԶݣǶں۷ʤʹ˵Ҳҹľѡַ棬ͥŲٶı߿̫ˡ
ڣڵʱŮǵңңַ֮С
ԶַͿ˳еһ־ԵĽ
һŮĵ˫ƽУͷ죬УһɫĹţʲô
죬ַԶԹƣӦŹʮ׵ĸ߶ȣ·ǳһ׵ƽ̨վϱߡ
׵ĳǳأʵЩرġ
±һ㼫Ϊ㣬ƽߣڶխ࣬ҲǼΪ㣬ԶԼܿеһЩһʹڵ㣬ľһƽ̨ˣֻһŮԼŮеĺɫš
ǡǡַ治˼
ŮеĹţʱΪѾǽӽŮǲٵԭǿԶٿǺɫʲôˡ
ǡȻһڶһĴڡ
ǿʹúڶΧĹȫ˽ȥԿΧһƬڰĹȦֵֻ֮طɲǵΪԪ֮ŨҲԤʾʮֵȹ̡
ٸ򵥵ӣַڵϣһֶɴĿռݣΧǣȴҪһЩ˺ѿռ䣬֮أַȫȴҲֻǲĿռ䲨ѡ
еĲ֮࣬
ԣܹһȶĺڶȻʮ˾ȵġ
٣ַ֪Բʲô̮ɵĽпǸصѷ졣
ȻʹߵĻΪַ˽
λǰŮУŮɫţǴеĿĵˣ˵ǵȥʱ̮ݣԶǣ֮γôһУΪֱ̫ƿ˿ռ䡣Ҳ˵֮еЩʣƴ֮ţҪĺ뿪ع硣


72 
ǵɵķӡ̫ǿ󣬾ռͨҲûȫ򿪣ֻںڶ֮Уһ˿ѷѡʹЦģȴ֪Ĳˡ
ַʤû˵ʹһ·ֱŮλá
ڼַӦһ£ŮУﵽڵʿȻ°ˣйǺ۷ʿʵһֲս
ʤ˵ݵһλġ¸Ǹƣʵھ֮أµʮǸǺ۷Ϊÿһ˶пЩ˱ȼʵ
ò˵λʵǾǿ󣬱֮ҪǿĶ࣬ҲҪǿ࣬Ϊͬһʱпıǽֻӡˡ
Ϊ˶ŵɱֻӡߵʵֻҪͻȻȡֻӡںϹ֮ͨʣ˾;Բˡ
Щ£ַǲĵģֻǽĿ̧ߣŮģѾżӰˡ
ַ֮ʤҲǹִͬŮλá

ַ˸ոս䣬ǼһŮǰ΢΢һЦǽռ䶼ɢֻʣһ˿Цݣռ硣
޷Ůӵ·òĴʻ϶һ¡
ַЩʧĿյʤȴȻָǰŮӣ΢صӣ
ɴŵ΢ЦʮȻһַ棬ʵ֪λ˭ȻΪֻкڣǸ˵ĸоȴǱȺ۷ĸֻҪΣء
ֻһ仰ȴŮеʮȫ΢΢ɫ
ַʱҲѾӸոյ˲ʧлָ˹Լո̫ͬʱҲǹ۲Χ
ַԼŮУʮһˡ
ÿһ˶Ǻ۷壬ϢǿҾѦ飬֮¡ֻվǰȻӦǶֻӡӵˡ
λҵһλѣͨѷ죬ҪһҲڽ֮Ϊ򵼡
ʤ˵ʱȻĵ֣ҲĸΪ͡
ַףԲΪԷò˫ԵʣĿܣΪʤžηʵžη
ͬǺ۷壬ͬӵһֵֻӡʤǿģֻӵе似
ַ澭ηʨӡĽ֮󣬶似رУϧȻϵͳŻе似ܶ࣬ҲһЩԶӡ似ܹãϧΪЩҪ֮غɣҪʱ䣬ֱַӷˡ
ʱ뵽пӵһЩ߼似ֱַ뵽Ƿʾ˵ļиƳһЩԼõõ似
뷨ȻЩѶȣҲǲܵġ
Ҫľǣ֮ص˲ûз֮ǵ֮Ҳܱ޷ַʹʾҲǵֵסġ
ҲĿԣܹʾȡ似ӡ似ضࡣַ뵽
ķ֮УЩѰͨΧǵĿռѷĸսʿѾˣʱַҪȥѰңֱһ֮еİѾ˫ۡ
Ի֮ۡ
һԭǷѳǵĸϿյֻɫͫҲͬʱת˶Է
һɫ԰ͷŶѳǸԺʱ䣬м䶼ǳ˰Ժ֮С
ơ
˲ȭ
ȷ
һ似ֱȻѡһʹԻ֮ۿʼ似ֵļ䡣
ַЩڴȻϵģ似Ĺ̾Ȼʮֵ˳ͼ򵥣һӣǽһΪ˲ȭ似˳
Ŀַ¿̫ϲˡ
Ȼ˲ȭʲôǿļܣֻͨĸߵ似ѣȴǲһġ
Ի֮۵ʾܿԿӵԷĲʲôܹԷļֱӿǾͿˡ
Ȼַ֪Ϊ˫̶Ȳ̫Եʣǣ֮ص˲̶ȼ͵𣿾ַ͵ȡǵ似ҲûзӦһ㿴ѳǵĸı֪ʲôûиоĵ
ӡ似ˡַϲ
Ϊʣһʱ䣬ӡ似̫ˣڿֿ似ӡ似߼Ƕϣġ
ˣ˶ˣĳںڶ֮й۲ѷ죬ֱӽȥɡ
ַϲлָĿԼЦλҲһȥɣˣֻܱǸˡ
Ļļ˵Уһ԰ĳüͷһ壬վӣʲô˼
΢΢һЦĺܱǸΪڶеĿռѷ첻ȶܹǿһ϶ȴҲһν̫ˣռңֱͨҶļ㣬ƲӦھңҲ֪ģεΪǳðգ뻹һЩĺáҲΪ˸λİȫ룬ϣλܹ⡣
һ˵ԭüļȴҲǲ˵ʲôˣϾǣԼİȫʣļȻҲǸı۰ȴҲûеʲôġ
ȻԶһ΢Цһ˳ַ棬ûΪǸӣȻҲûйʲôѪ¼Ǹһرģҵִĸо
ͺַݵӡĸоһ
ȷ˽ڶԱֽ˼󣬱Ǵһźڶȥ
ĺڶǿԽܱߵĹ߶ɽȥǶַ˵ȴֻһɼǿѡ
Ȼڶ׵ֱʵֻĵλòǺڶı壬ΧΪ߱ɺĺڰѣʵڶֱʮ׶߶ѡ
ϾⲢһɵĺڶֻһ˶ѡ
ǰַ˲Ÿ棬һϣҲЩǿ˲ֹһǰ㣬ǵĹϵܰѺ󱳽ˡΪԷһ͵ϮͻΣյľء
ʵȴǣ˶ϲռѷ죬ܹ뵽֮УѰҽĻᣬȴûʱЩ͵Ϯġ
ڶֻͨж̶ǧףַʤһĺߣԽڶȥԽһصĸо
ַ治üΪʲôܸоڶڵϢЩϤѵﲢͨĿռѷ죬ͨϤ磿


73 
ַ΢΢üȴǲȷԼǷȷ
ȻĸռѷͨΧǣԼʶĵطǾˡ
ַ̣ͨܶôŵʱǰȴͻȻͣ
ʱ˵ǰҲǳһԲοռ䡣
ԲοռԼֻʮֱڶͨȴϣԲοռм䣬һŵģ·һϸ϶
⣬һȹ̵Ŀռѷ죿һ˳
ַҲǸеȣҪ֪ռȶԪأĳһռȶʱƻڼ̵ʱԶ޸ֳʱάֵĿռѷڡ
ǣǰĿռѷ죬ǹ̶İ
ûʲôþȵģǿߵֶΣʲôпġϸ˵ǣҲڲõĽҲлΪء
仰һ˵˵ҲǼ
ȷʵЩ˵Ѿûʲô׷ˣǶ֮ˣΪ֮ûķ֮˵˿Գɾ

˳³һƽϢԼеļ֮顣
ʱʤͻȻڣʵӣĳ˵Ѿ𣿡
ȻһЦָָܷܷһǲĳô
˳ָȥȻһɫӰվҲ˵һꡣ
ĳ˸Ͻк
֮صǿߣĶ֣ĺϵĺڸֳʮ֮
һǧ˵СǣΪһЩõĴԣСǧ˾һҹ֮ǰƾǳضʧˣֻʣһƬݲĺɫء
ɫӰûгûжһ¡
ȴףĳĸԾˣһЩûбҪ飬ǲȥģ˼ʹϵһܲ˵ȫˡ
ˣȻ˶ˣôǾͿʼɡ֣ǻ˵ע⡣
Ȼַ浥˵ǵȻҪеȽΣգʩչطʱλǲƶģԣΪ˱ܿһЩҪĲ¼ɣһһӡʱӡȵʩչطΪ⿪Σ
ַüͷ𣺡ӡ
΢΢ͷҲΪ˴ܹЭΪһЩҪĲ¼ɶصĺȻһʧȥʱܻȱȫУҲûа취£ԸԶ˳
ַ΢΢Щɻ󣬵ǿȴǼһ̹Ȼ΢Цûʲô˼
ʱʤȴǿˡ
ַ棬Ҫǲûô˼ǵִŮǵʱ򣬾Ѿ˵ȫƿˣԣҪǷݺ㣬ΪǸûбҪ
ַ˵ͷҲΪɻ£ΪҪԼͲҪʲô˼ַ˼һûȷΣգǲȫġ
ðɣҽܷӡַ
ͬʱԼ֮һĺ࣬Լյﵽڵսʿĵ˽ѧؼϵͳŻ֮УͬʱɽҲٻ˳Ż֮ǰ
һеͬʱķӡҲǽ
ַֻоԼȫһ±˳ȥһ¾͵˵ϣִһ΢΢һ£ҪǱˡ
⻹û꣬ΪķӡŽԺȻѰռ䡣
һɼΪǿ֮˲ַ汾ꡣ
ߣȻ⡣ַһ¶һ˿Цһٻ˷ռ䣬ԼϮ֮ͬʱ˽ȥ
ŶȻôˣսʿַķ֮С
֮۶ɵѾû˸ո˸е崺΢Цȡ֮һԸı飬лԴһ˿а
֮ͻȻһˣĺǵǳصĸǵһʱ䷴ӳ˹ֻǵĵһӦȴǴ͡òô͡
Ȼһ͵˲䣬ȴҲû˷֮
ֻһ֣ʮ֮ɢ˲佫ȫӡǻ˯˹ȥ
΢ԶһЩĵطսʿҪַȴһȫͣԭءԸֻһҲЩսʿֵܵġ
ʱģֻʣַˣϵͳŻҲַתƵıԵ

һߣڶģռѷڵ
תǶͨͨͷһӡȻŶλ΢΢һЦˣλλѺͨߵͨѾҷӡˣǱ㿪ʼںӡ似ɣռѷڣǴ򿪷ӡĺʱʱϵԽԽûкô
һ˵꣬ʤ˾ǽĿת˵һġ
ֻǺɫӰĻһ䣺ûȻҲû
ĳĴͷҲͷ࣬Ҳʾʼںӡ似ˡ
˵ͷʼΪλʹ÷λʹˣܿ죬ټǺѣ˲ʱ͹ͨϡ
ʱȴǲַǱһۣ΢΢ü
ֻܿͻָ˹ʼָ˽طںӡ似
üȻַ棬Ȼʱ䲻ҲһСʱʱ䣬ԼȻûгɹЩ⣬Լ൱ţ˵ԷǺڣͬʱ۷壬ΪϣҲܱȵùԼ
ʱַķ֮УЦţ۲ַķ硣
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ֻǽѡַһ䡣
ǸСļһЦȴЩƤ
ַ˵ȫӣʱֻԷԼĵˣʮΣյֵˡ
ڽڶʱַ͸оЩԣоǹϤĸоʵΧǵϢǷϢֻǵʱַû֮ػܹ磬ûǸطȥѡ
ĵƾճ֣һεַĻɡΪַһڶ֮оǽеÿһط̽˱飬ûзĵĴڣЩԾˡ
ַֻȷ⣬ȴǷӡһ¡
Ϊַʮȷ֪ӡּܣֻз޲ܹʩչġȻӡ֮ôʲôͲԶˡ


74 սϣ
ڶ֮УʮֱԲοռɢֿΧſռĵǵռѷ죬ȥ
طѾߴˣȻһͷųԼֻӡȻɶĿƣһǣǶԿռѷйϣλܹ˴ΣֻҪϣλֻӡȻǻعԼڵġϸ˵
ʱЦݣ࣬ڸղţѾһЩطΧռ䲼һߣķ˲ٵʱƣ
ûҪϢΪʱĿռѷԵı֮ոҪ࣬˵ʱĿռѷڽƽڣʱ򴩿ռѷ죬ܹ࣬ǿԱȽϰȫͨ
ȻȫҲ˵˭Ҳ֪ռѷǷľִܵ磬ҲֻǾ㣬žкܴܹɹѡ
׼šġһʼɣȫԴԼӵеĲֻӡ
ͬϿӿ˲ſռѷϷ̫Ŀռд˵ľȷ£նյһ
ʱͻȻ˫ǰٽӡ
Ľӡ˶ǶһЩǽӡʱȴһ˲֮һǿӡӿȴûſռѷϷںϣǷѶԲ͵ؽֻӡϵжϡ

֮⣬˵ϱ鶼һɣڲҪĿֻˣֻҪԭأâΪṩıˡ
ʱһ΢״̬ڽֻӡҪںǵԿռѷйЩĵӡʱǴпɳܵӰ졣
ʤ˶ΪܹͨռѷΪϧʱֻӡָȨۼв֧ļϼӴ˴߷ԼȻµâȫա
˭ûзֵΪṩʱǵâϣҲһ˿֮ԼȥҺܿ뵽ԼڣǱȥ

ʱַķ֮С
Ѿַıͺսһ
ַıֻ֮һ֮ҪһǺڵĶ֡
ȻҲֻһΪΪ߹ַ棬̽⵽ַҲ䷨ͬޣֳҲռɵķݶַ滹Ҫ߳࣬ҲĶ֣ѹƵˡ
ַķ֮лǴۣ֮Աƣת˺ʱֵס
Сֵ֮ܵͦǿķҲǼʶôһ˸Ǵﵽ˺۷Ϊǵȴ˲ֹһءһѹַһ΢Ц˵
ȷʵַΪԽ꣬һһศɣɾ͵֮ͱҪ߳࣬ټԭ츳ߣʹҲҪ߳һϣѾԼ˵˵ǿȡ
ԣַֻʣɣҲֻԭĳ֮Ҫķʿ߳ࡣ
ԶˡַԻһ䣬ȴܵսƻ
֮߳Լӵ֮һɵӡ似Ȼ󲿷ӡ似Ƿ߿ռ䣬ֻʣµһСҲ㹻Կû֧ŵַˡ
Ȼַܹͷųݵӡһ˲ܽתϧݵӡҪĽӡʱ䣬ôʱ䡣
ֵһǣݵӡԼӡ似ַֻ汾ܹͷţӡ似Ψһԣ඼޷ơ
ս˰Ȼ
ľڱһ֣ͷųֵֻͬӡһ˲Ľӡ֮һ˫׵ʹĺ֮˳Уǳһʥ֮
ӡֻӡ֮׵ӡ
øʥ࣬ϾòԵӢܡ
Ȼַȴ־ᶨĿ£ʱֻǸоΣڲӣйȥϸԷò
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ʵϣҸϡӡ似Ҳûз֣ÿһӡ似̬ıַʽֻӡȻ֣ȴҲΪУǱ֮Ƿķֻ֮ͨйؼߺ϶Ϊһܷ뱾ںϣҪӡ似ҲֻѣһȻὫ仹㣬ʵ
ѭţȴ͸¶һЩҪϢ
ַȴǲΪǳ㻰̫ˡ
Ѿоʱ޷սʤңߵûⲿ֧֣֮пòֻӡ𣿡ַ濪ʼԷӡ似ֶÿֻӵһ֣ÿһӡ似ȴֻһˣһѧᣬ˶޷Ϊһ᲻֪ô
ˡӡ似ȻȷʵֻÿһֶֻһˣȴһҪɱ˲ܱѧģʩչطһֿԲɱˣֿ԰Էӡ似ֶΡʵɣӡ似ֶﵽ𾳽磬ĻᣬΨһĻ÷ʽֻͨУ߰ᡣ
һʱ䣬ȻһֱȰ˵ַ棬ϵĹȴҲûͣ£ʱѾַѹȵ˷ıԵһɽĽ¡
սȷʵǿӡһսӡǣһͷţԼʣַȻмηʨӡӡ似ȴûһܹԿ·ġֵܹ֮ڣһƾ˺Ǵ֮۷ضԷĹһΪַһɽּԶܶԷĹ
ڣַ汻Ƶ˷ıԵ·ǰֱĹģ˵һӾ˾Եı֮С
Ȼռƣɲ˷ǿɱַ棬˵һַ𾪲ѵĻ֪Ϊʲô֪ôôΪѷһߣһĿƼɴҷɴϣƼϣҲӡ似ĽܣԼϱ߼һЩֵϢԤһ󣬽дսʿ뵽磬ܹսʤ岻ģֻң𡣡


75 ս£
ʲô
ַȻһ̲ס˳
ȻʱȴͻȻһȻΪ𾪶Щٶ۵ַһն
ͳӡ似ûлˣɡʮᣬһնȴ翪޸䣬ƺƴˡ
ַֻʧһ˲ʥ֮ٵʱ͵طӦ˹
һĺɽˢһʧ٣ַ뷨ͬʱٺˣڼ䲻ݷ֮ʶһ
ߣɽʧѵ÷󲻳ɣһһΣַ뷨ıǷıԵˣȴûеطˡ
ַ뷨Ե֮䣬ŻѾȫȵҫŵĹâϱ߻иεַ̣ĳϵͳŻ
ַٶȷɿ죬һɲǾѾŻǰʱһҲն£Ǿʱ򣬴ǵŻ֮䣬ȴͻȻĵӰ
һߴ󣬻˸һһźûʵ״һЩ񣬶ǳһò£ֻȫ֮ɫ
գԨħʹַսʿϵ֡
ǵĺ󷽣վŻڣ۾΢΢𣬿ͬʱеһֻŰɫ۾Ҳתһ׹ⷢ˲һ㣬üġ
ʱ䣬ַ汾壬ԺȫһĶ档
ʱַҲͬʱͷųɱ¾Ӣӡӡ̬Լﵽмηʨӡ
ʱ䣬ǵصĹսʿͬʱӭȥ
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ˢ
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ȻʹΪеĸ߼壬ǺڵΪԱ޵ĺ۷壬ƴһôôױ
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ʵС˶ʹϾһҲûмʶսʿֻ֮޵ʵԷĹȻǳ˸С
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Уɫ۾תʹһɫߴնĶʹܵ䣬δѿһһգۣնѵĵطͻָá
ţˣҲЩü
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ԣʹѾûʬ壬ǡΪʲôʬûȻһģһ
ٴԼĶʹüͷĸˡ
Ԩħĺûʵ̬㱻ָٶҲܵ˺ʱ˴յϣһȥ
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ڶʹĹǿջ˵СˣӰһֵĹټϸʬ֮۵ĸʬʱȴܹǿһĹˡ
ݵӡַȵ˫ֿʼǰٽӡ
ʱ˿ַ̣Ѿû·ǿԤϣʱΨݵӡܹתս֡
ӣʵһĹ̡
ַԶĽսʿȫټ˹ǵΪԼȡһʱ䡣
ˣûʥģ֮ɫ
ַܹܵڽӡǶôĿ£ҪֹȴǱյսʿΧסʥ⻤Ȼ԰´󲿷ֵ˺ôսʿĺȴʥ⻤Ҳ޷ȫֵ
رǴպͶʹÿһܵһЩˣдյȭǲ㽫ʥ⻤ܸ顣
Ȼ澳֮£ǳ嵽ַǰ
ȥɡ
Ѿ߸̧еĹ⽣ۿһ˲ҪնַϣȴͻȻеһ޷ֿѹַӿ
ַıͻȻһߴӰӰһɽһĶǰʮ˵Ӱڹزΰݡ

ʤΧڿռѷܱߣһգգĿǰѷ죬ʱڵѾĵ߰˳ɣΨСġɱƽ˶Щˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ȼ˫ַۣķбɭĺ⡣
ĳҪʲô
ַ֮ĶԽǳͻȻܵɢɱ⣬ʱеһ䣬Щĺһ䡣
õĺӰ״΢΢һ£Щõ˳ûʲôȻϢٴιƽ
ԽǳȻǲҾôŶԷģĶԼɱ⣬Լ˵ǱɰԼҪҪΪע⣬ֻҪ֪ҪɱԼ˼ȻԼԷģԼһ϶ˡ
ԽǳҪ׷ȴͻȻԱߵ͵˶
ֻ͵˫һȦһգһ½ǰռѷ춥˵ֻӡԼڽԼڡ
ʱ䣬˶ǸеԼڵֻӡȫʧˣһ˲䣬˶ͬʱ֣ԼȻֻӡʹ÷


76 
ԼȻʧȥ˹ֻӡʹϢֻҲǱ˳ȥǷͬСɡ
ʤ⼸˶ɫѿվΪļƣҪƴոںֻӡܹ׵ʹЩʱɱûϣ
Ȼڣûж֣Ϳһ˿ѹ֮ɫȻȻڵء
ʤ˶Щ죬ǶǺ弶ĸ֣Ƿһ۾ܿĻ˹ȥϷ
ô£ʤȷɻ
ڸոļƻУʱӦֻӡ϶ΪһݵĿƣһٹƿռѷʱ򰡣ΪʲôԼڵֻӡʧȴӣ
û֪׷ʲôĴĳЩԣȴǶһ˿ɡ
ֻǻûüЩʲôͿλλõġġͻȻһڹ⣬ַȥ
ĳҪʲôԽǵĳһվַ֮䣬ͻȻĶΪҪԼӦûзӦһȭ˳ȥ
Ȼĸûһαƹַȥ
Խǳֻеոһ˲亹ðһַȥʱŷ
ʤԽǳһλãַҲǺܽȴûǰֹ
Ϊףĵʵǿ̫࣬ĺʤҲһҲԡ˵ʤǰҲֻǼغϾͻܹһʱʱַ滹Ҫҿûʲôá
ַʵɲ⣬Ҳӹĵ׷ɱʤ˵뵽ΪԼ˸ܺõĽڡ˵ַ浽׻ԼˣֻһԼ֮õ˶ѡ
ʤⲻԸΪַģ˸ǲԣһ֮˶ѣԼЩжϵѾεڵأͨѷҸǳ˭ǹȥ֮飿
ĵٶʮֿݣһգ۵ĹַҲûлˡ
ಡ
ĵӰ·һɫգ۷䵽ַǰڶͬʱѾ̧ڵִַǰʱһ
һʮ㣬Ϭ쳣̺һЩδַƤ˾޴ĸʴ֮
ַͷʴĵ䣬Ƥ·һ㣬һЩ壬·Ҳǻ˷ɻңɢ֮УۿһѾַͷǰַ˫ͻȻ͵
ȥ
ȣ
ԴɳƵַŭͬʱ
š䡯һֱַӱ˺ڶռڱ֮ϡ
һߣĵӰҲԭضһ٣ַϵЩ飬ûͣٴϣҪһɱַ档
ߣסַһͻȻ
ַ澹Ȼܹƾʾ͵ֵסĵĿֲһʤͻȻַôһ䣬ûлعͿոεڵصͻȻվȻһζصĵǰ
ʵҪַǿĶ࣬Կ·磬ַҲ̵ʱڻָ˹˫ǰٽӡգͷųһƿӣΪԼƸոܵĵĴˡ
õһֻӡΪ֣֮г˸ʴ֮ȻʱֻصѾһٳ˳ڵɻǴһЩʴԵġ
Ҳҿһֻ֮ոַʶҪܵĴ˿ɾˡ
ƿӵʮֿ٣ַոĵһƣʴ֮һֱڳ˺壬ȫʱָʼϣ·硣
ۼԷУͻȻʤ˺ȵǻڵʲôСӿסˣֻӡҲѾȡֻҪٹӣںֻӡǾҲûа취ջˣõֻӡؽǲвʱ֮ء
Ϊ˺䵭ƽʱڣֻҪһڣһ㶼Ǻܿŵģ˵ǹںӡ似飬û˸Ļ
Уޡ
˵ӺǱַԻˣȻĳ֣ʵĶַļ޻Ȼַ֪ʲôԼֻӡȷʵûˡƣռѷĿҲʧܣʤһӾͱŭˡ
֪СӲʲôöȻ˶ƣʱ֣ǹһ񣬱ɱйߡλŴһַ湥ȥ
ˣض֪ķԲŻڴʱƻǽ磬һŮǵĿƼм䡣һȽǵĳͬڹеɱȴҪࡣ
ʱʤһҲͬʱ֣ΪԼֻӡҲΪܹʱҪڶʱڽַ¡
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ûҪ͵˼ΪҲ˵ԷŲԼȷʵȡֻӡһ㣬ʵʵʵ
ֻӡҪʱںϣֻҪȥӮˡַмҪӣȴҲôɵġ
˵ҪɱЩˣַֻҪɽڶռһֱӾܽЩһȫַ治ô
⼸ˣȫ֮սرֵʱǵǲСģÿ˶һսַôɱ
رģʵҪǿַ֣ǿߡ
Ҫǣãǹͬһ̫ӡӡ似ƿֲ
˵Ѵͨ޵ķʸѴͨƾģôɵĵ̫ӡ߷ɴҲģֻɴ˽ޣַҲȷǲǾЯϵͳ֮˵ķɴ
顣
ĵ屻˳ȥһġ
ǽ㣬СʮչˣʱսҲǾıԣһҪֻǶԸַ棬ϧִַַҳϴһУȻϿ㣬ȴ˶ˮ
㣬Ҫٷˣ˲ѡеˡģû׷ȡַԼĽ
סڣҲ˭Ȼ㣬͵ĵɭĿ¡


77 ̫ӡ
ĵ˿˿ɳƣгŨɱ⡣
һΨһþε˽ʵ͵λǻδӵλ֮ǰõòʶҪȡǣһõ¡
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ֻʱѾƶһֻӡļƻһֱûй֮Ĺϵǹװɶӡ
ֻӡҪԣǱøռһݣ϶˵ĿֻţʱǿܾҪصЩӵֻӡǿߵĵ·ˡ
ƻƶ꣬ԶЩʶĵ˶ˣżȻõ̫ӡԼѷĿڵȵֻӡƵһ죬ǣؼʱַ̣ĳ֣Ǵǵмƻ
أֻǶõϣķú壬ľ޷ܵġ
֪ĵϷ˺ɫĹ⻪ø黯ֻһ˫ɫ˫øʵ
֮ۡ
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ַͫ澪ȵƵļѾӵһ۾Ϳʹõļ͡
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ַͫȻʱɫѾﵽ˵ĵزַиܵһɳѷܻ߻УԼǲҲᱻֽںϡ
ʱַڱʤĴֺϻܹ֤ѾǱȽϼѵ飬ܵĵĹǸѵˡ
ȻʱͻȻһŨʥɫ⻪˫֮Ҳһ׹˸ͬɫ˳ȥ
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׹ʼǺǿڹӴ˲䣬ȴһӿס˶ԷڹֻССһţȴǽɫߵķзתһ
ſĺȵ
㣬÷ſ㣬ǷӰҲǿģԣ˲ӰᵽǸˣ㣬ǼȻõ̫ӡռӦеµԣпܳͷƽ
ҲʲôԣȻñɵֶο㣬һҪĺ޺޵˵
ҲôĽ㣬ɱңһֹ㡣òá
̫ӡΪ֮ԴԪʵķԴ֮Ǵ˷ԣԪʵǵ˵ûʲô֮ҪĶࡣ
ǲҪˣศɣģȻûֱӵĹȴӵпȻڹϱĲ࣬˵ͫײȴʤĵġ
ͫڿཻ֮£ںһ𣬻Ϊ̫ڿתԽתԽ죬ԽתԽ졣
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쿴ѷҪˡԽǳʱ泯ռѷλãѷмλû˺ѣʱ³
ԽǳĺʤҲȫͣ˹
˵Ŀľǽ磬ֻӡܹ磬˷׼
Ͼ֮һֻӡȻǿ󣬵չ鲻̤ܰ𾳽磬ķ֮ȴܹһǿܣϣȻ
ȻǶ֪ϣʮã
ѷҪˡַһԵ˸һ롣
һֱΧԽǳͷѷҪļ
ִַסʱ򣬱֪˿ռѷһߵһЩϣո˵ӰԼ̫ӡĴеϢ
⣬ַҲ֪ﲢ磬һ޴Ĵڣһռ֮СǸɴΨһĶ
֪ɴ̫ܣΪľĶûеõɴϿɣֻ֪Լ̫ӡǷɴͨռѷ췢͵֮صһӡؼҪһ̫ӡͱӦΪɴѰһˣҰɴڵء
ɴûиַģֻǸǣǸ˽ӵӡ似巨ͬޡ
ոַķ֮УַѾͷ˶ӡ似϶Ǹɴ˵֮ˣΪһЩӦҲ֪һЩ
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ݵ˼䣬ռѷѾ׿ˡ
ʤȶ˶ַΧҲںĵĶԿſռѷڳȥ
ַˣҲҪϣȴͻȻͣΪǣƣûеֿ֮ģЦԸôңǲ֪ܲܿסҵݵӡ
˵ţַֹͣռѷ죬ǿٵĽݵӡ
̫ӡһӡ似ʹãҪ뷢Ҫһ
ʣȨøģڵ൱ڳһԴԼһΪǱǣסˡ
ֵһ£ֻӡ϶Ϊһط̫ͨӡоġɼȷʵ֮ŮֻܿӵһŽ
ӵʱ䣬ַݵӡѾ˳ʱ䣬һɾ޴ѹڶ
ַıһ޴ĵӰƽһСɽǰʮϥݣϡ
ݵӡ£һֱӱѹ˽ӽһ硣
⻹ûַ꣬˫ǰӡٶȷɿ죬ֻһ˲䣬Ѿӡϡ˫һһķķĵüġ


78 ɴ
޴Ŀռ䣬ȫǺɫޣֻмĵطһ޴Բδͷһǧ׶೤ԲηɴͣڴλãϱһЩĺۼ
ʤ˴ʱΧڷɴܣϵȦ۲ʲô
ﲢ磬ȥԶֻôƵķɴܴеõЩʲôʵֲȥֻӡʧ
ַӿռѷһ˴Խһۿľǰһ
һһҵĸ
ַ˽ʤ˶ͣ˲鿴ɴĶȫĿַ棬Ͼո֮仹ֶǺ
Ȼǿַŵĺȴ˵ֿĴ㣬𾪵ͬʱҲǵѡ˱ܡ
ʤȫ˺һֱ˵ռıԵЩ޵ĺڰش
ַǴһߵɴǰ
λϵͳǰķɴַ濴ǰǧ׳ķɴ
販ʿݻӰ֮Уַ֪ɴӦ׹֮ͨ·ҲԨ·ǰ޴ģתӷĵĴͺпͨĴ
Ԩ·ʴʱ򣬽жϣӴûͨ·ǵҲϣǿԻصģԲŻôһ㴫һĿռİɡ
ҲΧ֮УҲһԽĴ͵㣬ֻҪﵽضͿֱӴ͵Ȼд͵硣
֮صӦҲǹôһͨҪúлٻصİɡ
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ģˡַ˽һ䡣
ǰȥûжĶͷųԼͫɫɫķںϣ·̫ͼǰת
ܿ죬ɴǵõĹӦзһ˿˿ĵ
ˡ
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ģӭǻ֪ǷѾҵǸӵжӡ似ˣŶʱѾܽˣһ࣬ҪˣϣԼʹ
ſ֮󣬷ɴڲһԻ
ַ˶Ѿ֪˲࣬һܣڷɴܡ
ַӵйսֱ죬սɴǬУȻַ˷磬ѾûʹùǬַһֱҲûжǣǽʱϡ
ǵģǸӵжӡ似ˣǵѾǵˣǽɵΡڵ
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ˡĿһַ档
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ڸոַĿƲյ˲䣬ǺѾΪַɨһȫͬһɨ赽ϵǺŵַ̽ͬķԼеĳϵͳҲһ̽˳
ַ˵ͷȻֱʵԭˣоƬˣ
ǵġ϶Ļش𣺡ˣҲҵĸף˳ϵͳϧΪ緢ң·;ǳˣʱѾ˶شҲûа취ƻʵ֡
˸СЩ飬ַ治ʣҲҪַ֪ģԲַ˵ǽ˵ʱѾнӽͬ޺۷ʵռ似ͿƼû⣬ӦÿԳΪʱ֮󣬵һҲΨһһ𡣿ϧؼʱ̣һɷӡָһ˿ǡ
屻ū£ɱӡҲǴûзԵ󼴽ϢϿʼǵʾöǾǣ࡭
˵ţн鶼ַ˽⵽ģΪ˹µԣǲһЩַ֪Ϣһһ顣
ԭˣĸףһ˲ַ̾Ϣһ
ϵͳǸ࣬ԼǸţһʮ˲ķңʱգ干ֵͬ飬ĿƾǿʵȹٳΪɡ
ϵͳУΪϵͳʹõģȫֻ࣬Ϊֵ飬ʶʹȫڶʱҲ޷Ȼһ𣬶֮ȴģʱϮȴûֿܹͱضҪżȻ뵽ӹһ֮󣬸ײŽϵͳһθģΪ˱޲ӵߣӦģʽͽ
֮ǰϵͳʱȴҴĿ꣬ѡһȻ󣬵ȴǷչƼϵͳоƬҲҵһȻʮִһЩƼоƬⶼܲԳϵͳоƬһЩĽ츳ȴʵЩ̫ˣҲֱӵ˽ĳϵͳҲûܹ𡣡
ʱҵڻһЩֵͷٴͷһʱմ󣬽ϵͳ˳ȥΪҵһʮң͵ĿԭǸҵƻջ޷һþһ̫ӡӡ似͵˾һռ䣬Ȼջǽ˹
Щĵ˵
Ȼһеܣȴӵи飬УױоĳϵͳӦһľͱû


79 
ַЩɻ󣺡Щһʱշ飬Ҳ˵Ӧô飬ô֪ô
һЦ˵Ȼҿͨʱմ󽫳ϵͳʵͻȥһξ񲨶Ƭʲôѣʵϣʱһ͵ʱվҲͨ͵ģǴδ͵ͬʱҲʱյԼһϣϢֲȶʴͦ׵ġ
ַŻȻЩϢ販ʿͨƵķɴ͵Լڵʱյģܹ֪ЩȻûʲôѶȡ
ַѯһЩ⣬һЩ飬֪޲ԣʼʵʱ򣬰ֱӵ˴ݺƵֱַ۵չ֡
ַڲһ죬һЩصȺ˽һ飬ЩȺڼսУǽҪܹǰ˽һЩʱʤʲܸһЩ
ôʱƵɴнһ˿ҲȫùˣʹҪٷһƵܣ˳˯
ַѾ˽⵽㹻ϢʼչԼķ࣬׼ڣķ֮ʱõ˲Сò˶þִܵڵľ硣
ͬʱַҲǽϵͳռؼռУԻȡֹؼںԼӡ似ĵȼ
ڷɴ֮⣬Ҳֻӡ̫ӡİأ˶ڻ̫ӡʱѾ֪˷֮ѾǷͬ޵ĺ۷壬һӡ似İأкܴܹľ硣
ʤˣַ˵һ弴Ϯ󣬱ʾԸЭַͬ壬ʵޡַ潫֮ڸ֮󣬱ַռڱʹڵʮʿһ˳˿ռѷ죬֮ش֮ȥˡ
Ȼһʱ䣬Щڵʿǲʲô磬һķ֮ȴǶʵҲһӰġ
ͬʱһռ֮УΧҲǷ˺ܴı仯
ΧǵھŲ㣬֮ΪԶˣϱ߷˾ž߿ݹǣ֤ʵΪǰźϼģпܰ׵𾳽޷
һʱ䣬Χ԰ټƵĺʿǽ˵ھŲ㣬£һǱǡ
ʱţƽǲѾ֪ȥ֮ʿԼܵһЩʲôΧʿǴеһѹ֡
ǱǰϦʱпܷ츲صȻҡ
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һ죬ĴϣͻȻһ΢ӫ⡣
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׷ַڵҷɴʱµĺۼģոյӫֻǶԷһ̽ʱѾ֪ͨ˼ڣܿͻἯʦ
ġַһѾڷɴ֮⣬׼Լ˵ٶȥ֮أ֪ͨзʿǵＯϡ
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ֱ֣Ԩ·ضѷһǰдͨ޵ǵͨǳˡַս˫ȭϧһû𾳽磬𣬵ڣֻг֮˻δһ˳磬ս̶֮Уܱ֤İȫ
ַһţһһߣһֱԽ󣬵һƬ֮
ηʨӡҿַȻһȡ
˫ǰٽηʨӡӡǡ˫һʱ䣬һͷ׳ʨ˶
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£ոշ˳ȥĻƽʨͻȻ䡯һ±ը˿
ǿŰһϸ΢Ŀռѷ콥ӿתۼѾʮ׳̡
ַٴνӡһͷų²ӡ
һ˱Ѹڿ۶һ˿ռѷм䣬˱ͬʱ֮ռѷſ޷к£
ַԵƬ̣׽ռѷ̶סһӿռѷдйȥ

ΧǵھŲ㣬о֮Ƶƽ̨֮ϡ
˴ڵһʮʿ۸ӵķɢһƬ򣬸žŲŨԪ֮Լ
λƽ̨ĵλã۷ʿΧڼߺܱߣǱоһƪ֮
ǶǷʵѾﵽ۷Ȼǰޣν;ͬ飬һʱ֮ҲǲһЩ飬ʱţſԸĽһЩ֮Ѷȡ
ʱͷͻȻѿһɫѷ졣
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ַô˵Ĺע£һ͸˿ռѷ죬֮䡣
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ҺãĿռѷûƫԼΧ֮ϡ
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˶Ǻ۷ΪﲢֻǰǺ۷壬ʮ۷ʿַ֮϶ǰڵΪǵϸӦһ
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˵ַѾӡ似һϵʶֻǲһпܴԼӡ似һﵽ̶ֳȣַҲǾԶˡ
Ȼַʻ֮ǰϴӡ似Ϣĺ۷ʿǰһ߳Ϊַ˵紫ԵЩȺǰųһš
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1 
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ոսһսٶģǵسڵսʿǷ˼ҵսʱ̻ɢǸָʬ塣
ԴǰճǵһܵĹΪֹѾ˳һٴδս
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ʱǽϵսʿҲѾø豸ɨ˳˵ȷʵ࣬ЩԱ仯ɵġ
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2 Ϯʼ
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ֻʮ۷ʮ弶ˣַǿȻ࣬ǴݿģǽЩӲ˳֮⡣
ţȻǿռ֮ţˣ֮Ҳˡ
ˣоˣоˡ
سǵսʿȫƴֿʱ̿ϣ޷ģʱǿսʿҲᡣ
ԴУһŮͶͯ˳лٲֵ֮ˡ
ߵĻ߳ŵһ̣ûȫ֮ͨŵǿߴе֮ӿϣԶڱ׷ɱսʿʮǱ߶
˹ϵĶͷϷĿռ֮Źݵϣ塣
ַˣҲЩܣصǽѪƲոյսʿжôĲҡеѪˮȵģսʱ䲻Լܹǰӵر˻Ѱɡ
ַ沢һ˵ˣǵԳǧĸŮͯڣԼʱ򣬰ԼԼЩ˵ϣʱκ˵ҲȻһɱԷġ
ɱַһŭȡ
콫ĿתڷʱѾһƬɱ
壬ʱѾǶжףӴܡ
еĿռ֮ſһ˲䣬壬ж˲һʣǾǡ
磬ֻƿռ䣬ѾǼΪɡЩǿ߾ȻǴӿռֱ֮ӴԽģȻڱ֧ŵġ
ʲôһ򵥵ĴʾͿ˵Ǿ޵С
֮£֮⣬޵еĴʡ
Ѿ˸ֻһʱ֮䣬磬ڼλƿ֮£֮ǿʱڲǺ˽˵ɻҪй֮޲
ԣгֿռѷһ̣սʿֻǴһ˲ߵľ
ǣҲ
ַֻһ˲˳Ϸʱһ۷ţͷ˸ոձ
ַո֮߳ŵʱþͿţͷץһսʿлһڴսʿ˺ҧһֱۡսʿδǲ㱻ˡ
̵ֲΪַȻһ
ҹַһŭȣŵһ̽һ޴ӡһѽţͷץġ
ַ汳󷨽ͻȻ򿪣߽ٵ߼սʿһӿ
мѪǰַץвܶţͷ˺󣬶̰Ŀˮ
ַոЩսʿǸ߼Ƕ壬ʳ˵ǰţͷЩȴǵͼм壬ںܶʱĸߵҲżץһЩеͼΪʳġ
ǰţͷǺ۷ʵƽʱЩȻǸߵ壬ֻз۷ʵսʿԣҲǲлԵġ
ڣַԾŵֽ˿Уȴֱӽ˴׵⣬Щߵսʿڵõַ֮Ϸӵϣʼţͷ˵塣
屻ʳţͷ˷ĲҽУþȫҪַǸûã˵ʵʵ̫Զˡ
սʿǴ඼ǿ۷ţͷ̺ž޴ʮߵսʿͬ£ҲǷһЩԵĽ
УԵһɱߡ룬Ȼֱӽ˺徳磬ַµĵڵսʿ
ȻܹѪַ۾һ̶תΪб
ҪЩսʿԼոЩսʿ
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ֻಢὫǻﵱʳЩǵѹĽ͵嵱ʳһܹƾн˭̣Զ׼ˡ
֮ǰַȻкܴɱҲ뵽Ҫʳ̷ֲǵսţͷϣڰʱַȴߵķˡ
ĿĹһܣַܿһͷ۷սʿǲ̵΢΢ַһֵ˶Էǰ
һͷսʿһֱη󲿶ӵĺ󷽣ַֻһɨ㽫ڶսʿѰ˳
ͬĵһ죬УǶʮ߼սʿǳ
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ַڵʵȻ𣬵Ҳ֮޵еĴˣͬ綥սʿҲַĶ֣οЩֻеĶѡ
ϵкڣ۷սʿַץУֱܿʳ
ַµЩսʿͻƣתͻƵ˺ڡֱʱʮսʿȴѾﵽ˱ͣٶѪˡ
ԲˣǾȦַЦһ翪Žʮȥһһս˷֮С
ֱʱճҲѾƽ
Ƭ֮䣬¾һȫһߵɱ
ʣλˣ
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λϱӾճǵĳǷӳӳʱճʵǿһˣ۷ʵ
ȻֻǷ۷壬ƼӳʵԶԿһĺڡ
ǣǰģĺʿлƾϢеڡЩˣȻ֪ԷͬӳȻѹ
ַڳ⽫Щȫץ˷֮УոշɻأӳĻԥһ£˵û𡭡Ǿ٣ҲֻὫʬ


4 
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֮ǰĿռѾ֮еĴãȻܹͨռӶԶԨ·紫Ӱ죬Ȼض𼶱ϵǿˡ
жû֪׼Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ǾճΧʮڹ֮ڣȴֻһġ
һʱյʷ֮ӦڽСʱ򣬱򿪣սʼʱûг֣ǵȵʮ֮ŵǳǿҲĸʱʼ·ġ
ַ澲һƫƧĵطŴӰõϢ
һֱڷɴ֮ڣ֤幥˽¼صҲ販ʿͶӰΪϸַʱһһҶԼսõϢ
ʮ֮ǳҲ˵ʮ֮Ὺʼս·磬һ販ʿûн֮أԴֵ˵Ҳ˽룬˫սԱҲһЩ֮ǿȷʵǹ⿿ֲģǵ취Լʵַü뵽
һʱУ販ʿΧǰ˴ֵ֧ģ˴ʩչԷӡЭ販ʿԿ𣬵ǽʧܡ
ַ販ʿʱԿʱʵ㣬еĸӡ似ֻǿֵסһ𣬶˵̫ӡֻӡĻӦÿһսʵˣټϰ˴ɱ𲢷ȫûпܡ
ϾһռУ販ʿҲǶɹشģһ֣һٽǿ߳׻ġ
ҵʵܹﵽ𾳽ͺˣȫѹһԶԿʮ𡣡ַаʿʵȷʵֻڴﵽ֮ܵõ
Ҫ֪ʿĵˣַսܴܵƣοˡǣһ׵𾳽֮󣬱ǿȫֿϮʱڣʮ߱׳١
Ȼս˷룬ȴܿġ
ɴ˿ɼǿѾǳʿķ롣

ַͻȻ뵽販ʿΪԨ·֮ǰѾﵽ˺ڣ׺ڵһ׶ʱ䣬ȴΪһֱԨ·ߣûа취ֱҲûһõóֵͨ鷨
ҲΪʲô販ʿֻԳϵͳǰŻиĶԭΪӵĸţҲŻ֮ڿʼûɹġ
ˣɽҲǽӽ𼶷ĲˣǽҲϣǵʵһΡַһϲ
ɽԴַķͬ޹ͬﵽ۷֮ѾԼ򵥵Ĳٿˣ˵ľˣֻķѵԪҲǳĴ󣬱֮һĺ۷ͨ鷨ķҪʮϰٱַڵʵǲٿصġ
ҺɽĽ׽׶Σʱп𼶷ĲΣַÿնǽڷе¯֮ڴóʹá
˵ɽѾˣĪǣҲҵʵйأַţѾһ˷֮С
޴ĺɽǰΧǸϡϣϵͷľΪɽṩ֡
ַΧźɽתһȦȷʵںɽѾ̫ˣ¯ЩϡϣҲյʮֻˡ
ЩˡַҡҡͷſǸԼʵ̫йأпҪȵԼ֮ɽŻŽ׵İɡ
ַȷԼ뷨׼뿪ʱȴͻȻһĺ
ҪңЩͽ֮󣬻ͷǵ˵ģ
ַ򷢳ķȥԭһԼڷеսʿ
ַǱѾԱĶʮ߼սʿʱѾмȫ˴Щ弶սʿʱֽĿתһȦĺսʿϡ
Ϊַڵսʿûз֮߼սʿ˲˺˷飬ܿΪǿеʳԱߣĺսʿȫŵɪɪеĴŭĵĿ־壬еֱӰ
ַʱȴͻȻɴ˫ۣΪսʿʳʱΪ̫һѪȴǷɽ¯ķΧ֮ڡַеϲǣ¯֮ͻȻһѪ⻯ˢһ¾ոɾ
¯ȻҲѪַһ뵽ʲô
͵һץסԱڴŭһ壬һ齫䶪¯֮ڡȻͿգ֮䣬ߺڵʬǱ¯һת˴һ˿ϸ΢ʡ
ַ۾ӦЩѪȻ˲ͱɽա
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ַ²ȻȫȴҲԶˡ
ɽʱȽһഫ˵ĳַ֮ڵʱǸ˽֪ȴܹƵ𾳽硣
УҪԭΪûܹɱ¾޾ĸ߼սʿ
ɽǴ֮ɱ֮յĴҪԴѪΪ
ֻϵͳҲǲֻ̫֪һЩԵĲǿ԰ɽ׵ģȴҲûгɹ𼶵ĺɽ
ַɼ䷢˺ɽĽܣȴֻɺ϶ˡ
ºɽӦϣˣ٣ɽЩѪʮֵѸ٣Ȼڶʱڻкܴռ䣬ֵַ˷ܣȴҲûнʣĺսʿȫɱ
ٹһСʱĴӦþҪˣʱеѪʬ幩ɽգЩŸԼĸ߼սʿȥʳɡ
ַһ˦֣뿪ռ䡣
ʱߣֻˡ
ĵһһӰģҲһ㡣ַ潫ĿͣϣϡԴпԼλӵӰӡ
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ӦûûдﵽƽڰɣҲãǿ϶ѡԨ·Σˡ뵽Լλӣַϲ¶һ˿Ҹ΢Ц
վĶ棬ַ忴ԼЦҲǼ΢΢죬в֪Щʲô
Ȼ˸µʱͻȻһȡ
ַͫ͵˲䷢ɢȥһƬ׳۵ľ
սʿӵһǧҰ


5 ռϷ
ţȻһСʱַһѾɵ˿УԶճǸսʿü˵
תһ룬ҲȻˡ
ַУ뵽֮ŵĴ󴦵ʱ䣬ֻǶԷִճǵʱ䣬ȻһʱеУԷûڵһʱͽ뵽紫󴦡
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ġ
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ڷʿڳڣ©Ƿص˽Χɱȥɡ
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ʵķչȻַϣ֮صڵõĵ֮ʼ˶ǧĺʿֱڶʮ۷ĳ·ɢϮķ
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ÿһ൱һոȺзŰţһʱ֫ѪĴҷɡ
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ַһɽļʩչ˲ǵִƬ򣬲ӡͷųһɫĻֱ֮нս֮С
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һĸߴսʿЦųַ棬׶ֱľ޴ȭͷХűַߺ˹
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ԾԵΪ綥ĴգȻıƴôԵ·磬ôԵ࣬жôǿ
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ء
ЩƣǼΪݡ
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綥壬ˡַĴȻ󣬵Ǻ׵ѹΧֲ˺սʿԺ
仰Ч˼ӰģʿַĻٿһһ̲ΧΪ𾪶ЩηǰսʿǣʱĶ־һ˿ηҲ׵Ժ
սʿһƬ䣬ȻռžԵƣҪսЩĺʿǴʱĺ۷սʿǱԷĳ⽴
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ȻַĹ۲죬ĵһν棬ʿ߿϶ʤģǾʤһݿĴʤһƴƴĲʤܴЧҲǾԲͬġ
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ַ浭Цţ˫־ŵͬʱ˲佫սʿų˷飬Ѫɽ¯֮ڣϻһɴһ˲Ǳɽոɾ


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ܿͷ֣Щʬ֮У󲿷ֶ޷¯תɽյġ
ѵΪЩʬȥʱԶȱʧ̫࣬޷ˣַü룬ץһڷеսʿ˸ʵ飬ȷԼ뷨
սʿַɱ֮󣬹˼ӲŶ¯֮УǴʱ¯ȴǶ޷ӦڵϣѪˮһء
ַҡҡͷΪһս֮ԼĺɽضõĽײ𼶱Ҳܹһص
ڿЩʵˡ
ԺɱһȽʬս磬ȻĻðרſƷ¯ռѪˡַҡҡͷոռѪȫ˷磬ճǷȥ
ʱճѾһƬֵľ
رԭȵճǾ񣬴ʱҸ
ڼСʱ֮ǰԼЩ˻ڳսʿɱ㾡֮Ҳܹе͵ȵȺ⣬㱻ɾ
ǾڼСʱַ֮ͻȻȻǧϵͶֵ׽ɱеĺڸָǼ˸ɾӶӲȥ
еķʵ̫ˡ


7 
ַصеʱճеļʵȨڴȫ˶֮غΧǵʿǱʾл
ֱַӷɵУӳҸǰֹ˵ĸлĻʵ֪ΧЩľۼأ
Ц̸˶ǰǶ֮еٮٮߣȻһ¾ַΪʲôҪôʣֻΪû뵽Ҫ鷳һʱûзӦ
ַüٴʵΧûʲôľۼأԽǿԽã
Уĳǳطֲôģ֪ǳض಻ࣿʲôλ
ַĵڶʻڷӳ˹ڻش֮УľۼأΧȻҲеģΪõҪϢͻȻһ㿪ʼ࣬ҪֺñɷӡµԸǴ඼ǳصĸ
ǱԼǧһǳأǺܴĳǳءճǣȵʱ˵ϢȴûˣոЩߵߵķҲǱߣء
˵Ѿͷɫð
ȻΪַĳֶӹһ٣뵽绹ԼСĳǳھļ̤ȴôҲٺϲ
ַļ˵ҪɱġǸոЩ߼Ͷ壬ǻҪɱ𣬲֮ǰǸҪǽЩܿѵͬǾۺͬϮԣϣʱ˱ΪָҪ֪һӣҲֻɰǧͬĴۡ
ַĻһ½ҾѣΧҲ˲̬ոյϵıҲǱȡ
ȷʵҪĿģΪ˵ֵ룬˵壬磬Ҳ޾Ϯ½
֮嵽磬Ϊռһֲܹս֮ǰܵԼʵ
ɷϣڳʿУвٶǳӵиϣģڸոտɽҰϮʱǵȴĵķ˱仯
һ˲䣬˵ʵǵǵģΪַͼλ۷ǿǿӣսһ뽺ţʿߺпܾͻڽĵһսоͱ򵽱ʤʣĸҲӦӻǰ磬Щ˻˶ʼǺ޽Ͻ̶ַ档
Ϊַ˵ǿӣսֱһֱһ˿ܵ״ֱ̬սҲûзʲôԤϵ顣
ⲢʿǸոտʱ飬ֻʱʤϲѹѣʱַĻȻûֱ˵ʲôȴһǵʶҲǿʼѰս뷨
Ͼ˶ףΪƺӵиս߻ʱԭռһȡսʤ
֮䣬׵õͻƣսҲǵ˽׵ļʡ
ַĻܼ򵥣𵽵ȴǾ޴ġ
ʱǳ˱ʤͷԣߺȰԷȥۼأܽǻõܶ˵ĵִַֻǺһ䣬˶뵽в
ͬǶˣʣЩˣͿԲ
𰸵ȻǷ񶨵ġ
ַҪٴθߴң֮ǰԼǿЩ飬Ҫ˶ҪԼ磬յĿ굽Ҫʲô
һȻָһַ˵Ǳǧ⣬һۼأӦ߰ٶۼͷһ塪٤壬ӦΧһеСǡ
Ǳߡ
ָ˸˵ǱһǳǣһܴУЩԶ֮ңǰЩӻճǴĶ϶Ϣ˵ǳӦǾۼǧڹǡ
Ǳߡָһ򣬲ϵĶַ潫Լ֪ĳǳһһ˵˳ַ淢֣ΧЩеҲԶԶ
壬ʱܾ֮ǰ˵ˣʱʵָȫǶ壬Լĸ߼壬е͵͵壬ʱͲϣֻǱʳѡԣʵǹڵġ֣ɱ壬Եʱ򶥼Ҳʧ˲٣ҲԶûеʱôˡô˵ţȴһЩϢǾ֮УĴڡ
Ȼ絽ж𣬾඼޷˵ǾļҲѾλأһûС
ʲôż޵УûɵʱһʹһףҪǸ𣬸һ仰顣
󼴽ϢȷʵҲһЩЩ뷨ԲҪСľ
ϾԴȥѾûˣƾƼҲֻǿǸ߼ѡҪ£ǳرȽϷɢ˵磬ϰٸǳأģûˡ
õΧǳطֲԼۼصϢַתͷֱΧʿ
λҸոҲѾˣΪĳ֣Ʊػɱ壬вֹ壬Ϊ֪ǸĴڣǵҲܵĴʱǿ˵û֮ˡ
ڣδҲûϵ̫ܣҪǣҲû顣ңڲ֮󣬵Ϣʵ֮󣬱ضʼжʱǾͽԵıˡ
ڳĸλ֮Увٵĺ۷ʿŴʱҲѾõԼķ޻޹Դҵ츳ֻҪ΢һЩʱ䣬ﵽͬ޵۷岢£ãһĶѾﵽ˷ͬ۷ģֻҪٽһǳɾ𣬶һܶԶԿҲ˵ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ǲᱻ𣬶һпܷ塣
ҪȴǶľ´Ӧ˽ģʱ޷ǶҡοڣԣһвʵʵĻɡҪȥҪҪȥֻɱ
ֻɱ
ַϬɨһܣ˶һһ˵ڣƴѾˣѾɱ۷ǿߣϣܹȷѡһУΪ˻ȥ
˵ַ꣬ҲӦһ˳ȥ


8 ɽ֮
ַûе˵˼ʵϾһˣҲаûۼȫˣֻնжĻЩ۷ʣµľͲΪˣû˰æ˵ǲġ
ַ֮ԸЩ˵ô࣬ʵŸһЩʱ䣬еĹؼڼԼڸۼȡһЩɼܹ֮һټʿǵĶ־ΪԺӭ׼
ԣַûĴͷ
ַû뵽£ڳʿУֻٲֵͣԭûж󲿷˶ڶݵ˼֮ѡ˸
УΧǵİ˴˵ǰ棬ַ涯һ˲Ǹŷ
лַϿҵĵ
ֵַĻҶڰԼѣΪ๱˰ҪлҲЩϹͷл㰡
˴ЦŵͷжǺͰ˵
Χǵˣ׻Ҫ֮ص˸Žᣬǵ;ǵԸΪ˽һЩټΧڼȨ磬о߶ɰԶľߺжҲ˲ܾġ
ǶˣȻַ֪˵٣ȻˣʲôԥġȻǴŽһõķ
ǰΧ֮żߵϣһΧʿҲһŸһ֮ص˼ˣҲЩȥԳƸ˵ĵʧ֮⣬󲿷˶ǻԾԾĸȥ
ַԤϣֻá
һٶȺܿ죬;ûκεΣֱӾͳǵķȥ
ǧľ룬Ƿ½磬ַ漸Ӿܷɵ
Ǳˣ磬ѹʮһСʱŵִǵΧ
ϣǴʱҲһƬǽ壬ĳǽ϶ܵ˼ƻȻΪзֵԭֻкϵܹʧ󣬵ȴҲǿʮưˡ
ţǱвǿҵĲַĿתǵһ
Լ䣬ܿһƬɫӵƽߵľͷʧ
һǣʲôҪ˸ַѸӦȻȻǱߺɫʧĵط׷ȥ
ַٶȱ˶ҪĶ࣬ܿǶԳϰľ룬ʱ֮ڣҲǳսʿǵӰ
ЩսʿǺܶ࣬вٶǴƵģȻոѾǽɧţ󲿶ӻûн
ЩϾҲǸǻ۵ȻΪʵǿԭǶûںϣǶڼ򵥵һЩսȴǶһЩġ
ǳеĿƼ̫ǿĵͼȥĵԷԴԴߵʱϮԼսʿС٣лЩǶһЩӴֶΣһЩľֱӲٿԼĳǳȥƻ
ճǾˣǸϰӾǱڹؼʱ̽ճǵԴĶըˡ
ʱЩսʿ˿ûв٣һЩսʿȻˣȴʮ˷ܣΪڽĲãһֵĹͽֱǿСʱ򣬱ʳˡǰΪƼԭҲǸߵ壬ЩߣûмҴעġ

һ쫷ХһЩսʿͷϷι
һսʿȫЩȻ̧ͷʲôȻĿ֮ȴһ޴ĺɫɽ壬ڷ·̩ɽѹһ㣬ԼΪٶȽ¡
𣡡
໣
һսʿ·ŵˣнĺɫ޷ʵ̫ˣҴǵĸоôѹ֣ʱΪǿҲǳֿ˼ֻܡ
ɫɽȻƱˣǽٶȴǲ죬ٶȣȵɽ彵սʿӳַΧ
Ȼ鵱Ȼô򵥡
ЩսʿոշӦҪʱ򣬰˵ȴͻأĳǵ˷
һ˲䣬Щսʿȫ˵С
ȥ㡣
һ𹥻ߣɱ
۷սʿͨԺָսʿһ·ֱͻΧȥ
ֻǣЩȫͽ͵ġ
ɰǧսʿ۳ìһĺȫλͻΧȥΪɽѹ˵ѾˮһǽȴǶ˵һ취ûС
ֻ΢һ𣬱ٴλظ˳ţʵޱȡ
ôܣһ۷սʿЩŵĺ˳
Աߣһ·ͷ۷սʿӦٶȴǱһЩۼЩôͣӦĿڽĺɽ֮ϡ
ˣһϣҾͲţôȺľӢսʿһɽŲĺţѾȷſбǷǿһ
ʱѾƸ۵ʱ̣ɽѾ䵽治ǧףٲһ˲ͽѹɽ±ߡ
۷սʿһѵãսʿ˲䷴ӦȫǺк˳ȥ
䡭
Ĺͬһʱںɽ֮ϣһεĹǿԶԶ˸ոշ·ϵ˺Ȼá
˾޴Ĺ˺ɽ֮ϣȻ˺ûжɣڣûúɽһ˿ĲҪ˵úɽڿͣһӵʱˡ
̩ɽѹ̩ɽѹ
ûô޷Щսʿʱе־˶ľӢսʿһ˺𶼲ӲİɣǰɽʲôȻûбһ˿һ
䡯һ
ضƵʼҵĻζ
Ҫ֪磬ܹôƣȷʵֲ̫ˡ
ַ˽ͷǰİΧ֮⣬˶ǱոյĹ𾪵ĺϲ£졣Ҿǰ˴ҲֻǱƽ𺳸Զˡ
Էӡ֪ģΧոǧսʿ˿ûѹǾڸոգַͷųǸɽȴֱŰԷӡһѹȥ
ǧսʿȫԼ˹ͬͷŵİԷӡҲǱֱѹ˷飬û˿ֵܹء
ֲ̫ˡ
ŵȻķ·ɽźɫѪˮĺɫ޷壬жǷ
ַȴûʱԼЩ˳ݻ߳羴һںɽ£ѾͬʱռУ¯Զ˺ɽ֮⣬ͬЩսʿѪһȦ

Щսʿոȥ¯ʱҪһǧսʿѪγһ쫷磬һ˲ȫע˺ɫɽ֮ڡ
ʱַҲǿɽ֮ϣЩɫķ·Ѫ·Ҳٴ
һŵɫ··ѪȪɽʮ죬ɽϢһӾɡʱַҲڸоɽ
һҪʮŵ·ܽǿսʿַһ£˿ΪɱսʿекѹǶԺɽȷĽϣеЩ˷ܡ
ַ棬ǽǻȥճǣǡ
ַվԭһ֪Щʲô˴еĶͻȻʵ
һʼ˴ڵΪڵʿҪһǿ͵ĻôڵȴĽַ浱ˡ
ȻһʼַչֳԶ˵ʵٻпԸϳأǸոգںɽһ˲䣬ǵȴͬʱ˲еоʱǲԼַ֮Ĳࡣ
ֻΪƣ似ΪķҲǱԷ޷׷ϵľ롣
һ̣Χǵİ˴ķڷˡ


9 
ʻַŻعоһƱһٽճǵΣȵЩĻƱػᴦڱʱȫǣٱܵ׻ὫǵϢȫȥ
ַ룬Ǽ˵ֻһսʿճǵЩսʿ֮󣬺ܿҲὫǵϢȥֻеǰ֣Ҫץʱ˸ˣʱΧôսʿǿҪսˡ
˶ǵ˵ͷʾַͬĿʵĲرĺϾһһСȺսԼ߶ȡѹԵƣرǸոһ£ûһˣûжõڶغϵĹһȫ˶Էɸ˼ġ
ڶ˵Ψһڵвˡ
ǿûκӣֹʮ֪ǿ֮
Ĳ˵˴ֻѧһӡ似ѾͬʱȦסǧսʿѹ֪ԳֵĻԼǲһ¾ͻᱻ䳹׸ˡ
ַҡҡͷоֿܲûУǳһ֮жǿô߾ֵܹסҲĲġ
Ͼĸ߼ʿ̫ˣ֮ϵʿ˵춼ϡ
ԣҪЩɽĵȼˣֻҪɽܹ׵𼶱ķôʱҲܹףҲӵһսʵˡַаȴһ֣ۼĵطȥ
ѹƣַ˷еĲ̫죬һСʱķвڵִһεۼء
ŶԷûзӦַٴμ˺ɽ
˴ҲǺ˰Էӡַٴһش˵طӢ
Ϊ̫࣬ԷӡҲ޷һνȫȦߣһһ
ûһȫ߶ԷһͻȻǿϮҲֱӽе۷һ˴룬ټܵЩսʿĻ£޷֯Чĵֿ
ʣµĺսʿʿɵնɱսܿսʿȫûн
֮ĺɽҲٴζʮһѪɫӡǡ
ߣǼȥһطַٴηָ
ʱ˶ѾΪַհ˴ҲǽԼλֵַϡַĻһûκ飬ȫʶִַ
һ죬ʿ磬ճΪĵķԲսһټսʿ֮࣬⼸ɱҪϼɡ
ʱʧǱҲǽõַ˵ϢļνУ˷ַҲûнйտʼ˳͵ϮÿһεսʼԱˡ
ȻˣҲ˽
һʱķʿг˽ӽ˺ڣ۷ʿҲһӶˣȻɼȴǸӼʿǵĶ־Ӻη
һ죬죬졭
ȥˡ
ʿǴɨΧѾٶʮڵפأǽʮ߸ǳؽ˳
ַǲ˴ĺʿͳһһʱ佫ǴӸԵĳǳؽӵ˱ΪƣҲΪǿĻԻ͹ų֮С
ͬʱҲһЩΧǵʿ÷磬ǳеسеԴҲһЯ˹װ֮£Ի͹ųһӹʱַһʿһ𹥴Ի͹ųǣҲ˺ܴѶȣ˵Щˡ
Ȼַ嵣ĵ黹Ƿˡ
һ죬ַԼķ֮Уüͷǰĺɽ
ʱĺɽ֮ϣѾ鲼Ѫɫ·ϸǾʮŵ
ַȴտʼûзѪɽĵȼʱһоǽƿһ㣬޷ǰһˡ
ʵĸоһǰѾˣɽĽյεƣ޷߳Ľһ
ܹܵɽȷʵǵ˵ǰȼ۷״ֻ̬Ҫٽһǽ𼶵ķǣһ׸ô룿ַôҲ޷ףѵΪԼʵ˺ɽĳɳ
㲢޻̸ַ֮ʱѾʦļ𣬶оȻ࣬ǾϵͳĴڣȴѾණʹߵľ磬ȷʵǿӰ쵽Ľġ
ַüͷ˼ڤôܹ÷ôܹʱԺȴͻȻһ
ַ֮˫Ȼһ⣬ϵıҲǱüΪ࣬˲ӷ֮˳
ˡ
ַķ֮⣬ʱַ֣ǰ
ˣַʡ
ˡ΢΢ͷ
ڱԼִƵˣַӵиӦͬʱԷҲԼϢոַڷ֮УĺֵϢ
شַ棬ȻϸԼõϢȫ˵˳
֮һָǿߣҲ£ټһֱַߣ˶ѾַĴݣƽʱַ治ڵʱ򣬻սʱ򣬶ڹ󷽡ռϢ飬Ҳһֱ
ڻûйѾзĳ֣Ұĳ֣ҲһĳǳظˣǵõϢʱ̷͹ġλһ˵ִУֻбǸез˵
ַ˵ͷʵǸеʵΣ
ֻδϲǰĻԻ͹ųҪɣǱĳǳضҪǿࡣ
ַһȻôǿ󣬿ڵĻԻ͹ųǣҪȫֵҲǲ̫ʵġ
ַҡҡͷڵĻԻ͹ųȻе˿ںͳǷеԼڷٱȸ߳һһζķҲǻᱻݻ١
ַϸļڵԼģΧǵİ˴ȫûеֿĿܣΣ̫󣬶һʧô߾ͻкܶ࣬ڲľйλиԶĵطǲ֪ж١
Ȼǵĵıֵʱ䡣Ҿҹƣֻȳ̽̽ǵʵһǱֵƣ϶֣ԣһΣһҪնɱڴˣӶӲȥΪǵķչӭĻᡣַҧҧ۾΢΢ȴǼɱˡ


10 ģ
ֵϢ޷ڸǣ˱ַ滹Ҫ֪ɱ¾ǳص飬ЩȻԻԻ͹ųǵķģȴǿ϶ġ
ϢĴԻ͹ųǵϿգ֪ͳһѹֵϢƽʱ仹ԾǶ˳Ĭ֮佻̸ҲСࡣ
ַڳеĽֵϣĴܣѵõķһԼ
ʱΪҲѾһŵĵزֻѾ̤𾳽磬жԼӡ似Ҳ˲ٵ⣬ܸоôһ㣬ʼ޷뵽һС
ʱǰͷ·һȲţȻߵľɫѾǲţʼջ޷߹ȥġ
ʲôأ
ַ⼸һֱ˼⣬ɢģҲΪܹõķԼչһ˼άҲһʽܹҵͻƵĹؼ
ֻǣ鲢ûô򵥣һַ޹
ϵĺս䣬Ҳɺϵģϵʱɾǳơ
ʱľʮֵΨַһ¾ľ֮һʱǶʱ⣬ⲻһ
ˡ
һͷַ˹ܵǰһַˣǱսʿᣬţ˵пеĻȥ
֪ˣȥɣ͹ȥַЦ
췢ӦһתųǱķȥַʶ֪µһ۷ǿߣֻЩɻǣǼ򵥵飬ԶȫִͨӦֱӸַ淢ϢûбҪרԼ
弯ĹģӦòСȻ֪ڽ׵ĹͷӦòҵġַ룬úܡ
ΪֵϢЩ̻̣Ǳ߸ǷӦҡ칥Ի͹ųǵҲǶ˵ιģǺܴΪ˷ֹԱԼֽһЩʵǿɡ
ϾֵķҪ־ãͱȻҪŹһЩʵǿǸսʿһֵĻԴĺķѽɱӣʵǲ㡣
ǰǳûʿڣҪԿƼЩ߼սʿƴʱַ˵ļ룬ǲǡ
ֻǣڻԻ͹ųǵʿô࣬Ҫַ֣ɼεĵ˱ȻҲʮǿġ
ʵҲˣַվǽϵʱһ۾ͿĿ⽫ܹĵطһƬѹѹģսʿɵ·ƽ߶ڸ
ôսʿַЩȵĵ
Աǰͷ͵εսʿȷʵܶ࣬ҹ俪ʼۺϹÿһʱͻһЩʱЩսʿѾʮںĽˡ
ıЩϾЩʱַߣʱָսԱַڵЩʿǴôĳ
ַܳʵ
ǵġͷڵԴ̫Ϊ˷ֹ𣬸ǲҴģʹãôͬϮܿһЩ༶սʿҲҪŽߵܻܴ󡣡
ַüû뵽ģüģһ£˵֪֪Լжʱܵ
ҡҡͷǺٶȣӦھͲִﵽΧˣӦҲ֪ߵķԺпܻһʱ䣬ǳڵԴĵĲʱ򣬲ŻЯսʿһǰҲǶ˵ȫķ
˵Ȼܹɾ𣬱ȻҲǻ۲͵ģȻΪʵǿ̫ܲмڶЩֶΣǸоܴڷյʱǱضǻԼİΣڿǵĵһλġ
ַ˵ͷҲһεôǿ󣬾λڱĹء
ߣ⻰Ҳǵͷ͵ҲйⷽĿǣȻΪֹûӽϢѱΪߵĿƼ̽ⲻεϮ͸ΣˣҲԭ֮Уִ֮£ߺпܻ֮֡
Ļ˵꣬ûַӦԱͻȻһѶ
һķʿվֱ壬ңָųⷽ򣬼ٵĺ쿴ʼˡ
ַǿһ֣ǽԱߣվسǱݵļ϶֮ų⿴ȥ
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ؿʼԽԽǾҡ
ʱҾԻ͹ųһξ룬Ȼǵʵ̫ˣټϹõ·һ㡣
һִʿѹһַƣѹߣսʿα֮ǰ
εǱ߾ûڣҲضһԵͷˣôսʿжôһ¡ַ뵽
ߵʱУֻϵıЩϾʱǰһԲֱǰһȺ弶սʿѾ뵽ǳز׵֮͵һ֣ȵ㡣
£·û˿ӳٵģѾ
һϸĹߴӳĵػӳӳһƹһ㡣ȻֽţҪ֣ȴûз۷ʵǲܵġ
һʱ䣬ĳָֽǰ֡
ڷڵģǰһЩ۷壬ߺڵǿսʿ
ǵҪȺЩǿĶ࣬ٶȼ죬㿪ûκεǣ˷ųɱȥһ˲ǵִ˹ųǽ⡣
װЩǿ޷ƾ𣬶Թųǵвһ½࣬ʱǳڵʿҲһѷĳ˳ѰһսʿȺڳȥ
ս˲죬һ˲֫Ѫɣ仹ĲҺ˻ҶѪȡ
һߵķ⣬ķ۷һµսʿ
ЩսʿҪȥҪʮһһҪջڷϿ˲ȥ˷ʱ䣬سȴ׼˿Ƽ׼ǣʱһ˹ȥ
ЩسǵʿΪܵͣǵװϾسܴ֮ɱȴֱܹӶԷ۷սʿˣһسǱϣ弶սʿҲһ
ټϵ޷͸֣ڳǽϿԷĵԼĹʱǷǴսȺ
˶սˣַֻ棬վڳǽϡ
ȴһΣյԤס


11 
Σյĸоĺףַֻеһͻٴλظƽ·һ˿
ַȴ鲻ô򵥵أԼûйǿҵΣУȻֵôԶǿҡ
ܣϸĴΧսʿȴֲûʲô쳣״һѾռСΧƣս
Χǰ˴ڵλڴɱķΧսʿ߶Ӳֻܲϵıո
ַûд⣬ȴšʱţսʿ˵ϣҲ˲Сʧ
رΧǵʿһΪһֱҪԪսʱѾЩ˼ޣĹЩƣ
ַˣȴ޷ȥˡ
ȻɴŲȴΪЩηǰϾЩΧǵʿ˹Ļʵ˵Ǹش
Ȼ˴սѾ˵ǱʤɣǱˣཫҪԵģ磬塣κһĶһܳܵġ
ٵˣŹΣսҲԽԽѡ
ַ˫΢΢һѾΧǽȻ˲ʧԭءٳʱѾΧʿۼ
˫ǰٽӡ͵ǰһƿӡͷ˳
ʥľƿӵ뾻Ƶɵľƿоƿ΢΢бʱΧռΪսɢԪ۳һУܾܿ˾ƿ֮С
Ƕ̶̵Ƭ֮䣬ƿ֮б¡¡ĺ˷֮
ʱ򣬾ƿӽеľƿٴбƿѾ͹ƿ׵ĸ߶ȡƿ֮ѾʵʵԪ֮ʱΪһ֮Ȩ·һ˰ա
أ
һ֮УӺȻ顣ˮλΪ¶֮ϣ󲿷ֵΧʿС
⡭ԪȻǴԪ۳һӣ
˸кг벻š
˴ģԪѾ˵ǳһʿɵļޣಢûмʶƿӵķʿǽΪ½
ʿǰıǡϴʱԪĳ棬Ƕʱӳ˸սʼݿһݻǰսʿ
Ȼʱַ͵һͻ
εĸоӵԣǸе·һ˫ε۾ڸſռϣվԼǰԼ
ָоʮֲһֱӺͻȻʧ
̶ַ̼ʱѾ亹͸ܵѹ֪
Ƕ˽⻹Щ𲻳֡úúԵһЩˡ
ַаӰУľηһЩ
ȷʵΪһֱûмʶǿַʶҲǽڰ¼ĵ販ʿս𡣴Ӱ¼ƵӰ֮УȻǿ󣬵ǲǲսʤֻǸԶҪǿһЩѣ似սõõȫԻɱǡ
ǲҪǡܹһִһġȻԶԶǿ󣬵ҲӦ۷޼ֻȫԸǿһЩѰ
٣ӦһЩӵеֶΣôܹΪϵĽء
ַͻȻ뵽ԼһֱԵı֡
۷壬֮ǱϵĲⱾֵ״ʲô˼
·һ۹⻮ַԺһӽܵǲ赲嵭ࡣַ̲סҪսĿʼ˼ͻƵ
ȻʱǰζҪҵһļ¸оȻϮ
ַ͵ոձպϵ˫ۣͿԼǰģһ欵ѾԼϡַܹоԷڱ֮¶ĵ
ĺɫӽԼ˫Ŀ֮еĺɫͫ׷·һһתǽַʶ۾֮г˳ȥԷ۾֮С
㡣һͬʱͣһַ֮˹
ͬʱ˫ֿٽӡ̫ӡͷŶһ޴ͼַ֮䣬ǿжĶַ˺
ಣ
ַָпͬʱ͵غһ֮ľ롣
ʱףոյĵһεļ¸оӦþıǿпƣѹԼִĿɵģڶα˫ĿſռۿĸоҲΪԷִͨУԼĵӦ̽Լ
ǸоҼ̤ͻƵ̲ס𣿡ַڵĴϢȴǷ
ԷȻַʽ֣Ȼڵģոôõ͵ϮԷֻһ˵ĺ۷ɱԼֱڣѾԼҳ˼ĴڣԷ¶棬Ȼ޷ϵˡ
һַϵ˷ܵǣԷȻѡڸոǸʱ͵ϮԼȻҲǸоԼߵķȷģҲ˵û˴ŵĻԼܹܿ˽Ҳ˵
ַЩѪڡ
棬ȴѾսһš
ʱѾȫû֣ÿһιǾȫֻӡʩչ֮ǿ
ӡ似ʱƭȡ֮ĴֻӡΪÿ˶ӵһӡ似ԺĽ̫ӡһ봫ǽֻӡתƵĵϡ
ֱ˴ˣֻ˭Ҳû뵽ɱ
̫ӡȻ֮ǿȴԣܹһйĵֻӡȻɱ¾ϬȴҲһʱ޷ǰһ޴ڵ̫ͼΧһЩʿսʿֻصֻɢһЩ޷ܵѡ
ַٴγȥոĶԼͷŵԼʶӦڼĴڵǸ꣬Ȼ֪ԷʲôǼȻѾ֪ˣַСһЩӦòмˡ
ַ²ԷֻͬʱһˣʱĶԼͷʶӦǸоԼӵеӡ似ĸ࣬ǿԲԼ滻ġ
ĻַҲֻҪģ˵ˡ
̶˲䣬ַЩжϣϣȴûйǱߣǳսʿȺС
ʱȻıƣҲѾ֤δַڿԷſֽŴɱķˡ
һƾеǱߣַǰһηʨӡ
˫ǰһʱһʮͷƽʨŷ˶
ÿһͷƽʨк۷ʵǵĳֶڹųǷڵսʿǻʲôвǵͻ⣬Щֻз༶սʿʱǾͳһߵɱˡ
ЩսʿƽʨֻǲϵĸλͷʨӺ𣬱ֱӽѪ˳Ƭո


12 Ӱ
ǷսʿǼɱ壬彻ƽʨӡַȵ
ƽʨӵĹڷЩսʿ˵ɸڷڣʨӺȴǺɱ۷Щսʿ෴ǷϵЩƼȴǿԼźڵкɱ
ʮսѾûٻȥַĻʣҪǷϵĳǷӳгǷսʿǱתԼеڿڣ׼˾Լĵˡ
ʱַǽͷųɱ¾Ӣ˱ɱɱ¾ɱ¾Ӣÿһȥһ弶壬۷ҲǿסغϵĹ˱Ȼɱɱ¾Ӣۣаֱֻۣÿֱֻ֮лвͬıͷսֶȴǶĺܣͬʱԸսʿҴսϷ磬ɵɱ˱ɱ¾ӢҲá
ǿĻַԼŵֲͷŶһ֮£ܲд壬ֱһַרЩںͺ۷֣һһʵŵ岻ǰˡ
ǴռϷ磬ʱַķ֮ºʿʢ£֮С
սʿˣˡ
һսʿкţֻһ֮һֻ޴ӡǴֱͷϣصһǽų
ӡȻֹѾ㹻嶼õսսʿǴʱʱ·һѿһ㣬Ŀʼ󳷡
ʱַȴͻȻų֮д󺰵ּӴͷţȫһҲҪܵ
ַĻͨԪͶܿ͵õ˳˵ķڹų֮ķͻȻһǿ⣬ϢøӵŨ񣬶ʱڴӷӴܵսʿҲͻȻ֣־ȻǽԼУȻ޷ƶˡ
ȥ
죬һߺ졣
սʿǼˣûҪһΪӪ֯ҪƷ֡
ϧЩзôƻĳǳؾͲܹô¶ˡ
ЩսʿҪַ淢ʿǵһʱȥӱʼ޼ɵķ
Щսʿʱûս֮ģڼϼ⡣ûмע󷽣ʱ·һһƬһƬıɱԭء
̶Ƭ̣Ͳսʿͱ˸ɾıڷûгĽķսʿ֮⣬һϮĽʮսʿȫû
ǾԵĿǰʤȻҲˣֻм˵ȫǳսڣ˺ڸûʲôյˣνÿ˶ɱ𡣴ʱʢ
ʱǰ¸ҪԱʿԼҲǸڳȥġ
ʿѾʼʤһߣĵսȴһֱ뽺״̬
ַеǣѾ֪ذܣλĴھȻûпĳˣǸϬʯٵľġ
ַǰһѾĵĴҲʱ¡
ΪԼôǿһ£Ȼ취䱣ģ¶ԷҲĵǶԷûôҪƴôǲ˵ԷĵĿһơ
Ҳʱƣһʱ֮ĻָǣٴλָԼʶ˼άҲǾĵƣԷǿʿԼľ϶ҲǺܴģԷûڴˣ޷侫Ľпƣʧȥơ
ֽͶǺкʵʵģַҲǲģһֻӡǿӡǹʿԼԿʱ֮һ
ĵʼս
Ϊ˷ֹ˵ˣԻ͹ųرһС͵ķַ֣С
ҵըڷ֮н죬ԭʮ۷¶ֺòķַ֣ǿԿ֮¾Ȼһ˿˿
⡭Ȼȫķֶ˲ǳԽ˺۷Ĺ
һԻ͹ųĸߵվڳǽϣַ˼˵
зڿʱ򣬿ͬʱ赲ϰ۷ϹҾǰ𹥴еҲҪȫβֻܽ顣
ɴ˿ɼַڵĹ˺Ѿﵽʲôĳ̶ȡ
ս˺ܳʱ䣬ض˵ĶԹ·˹ѣһ޴ѷ˽¿ʼӣķ档ַ˽µظѾݵصףγһ޴ԲοӶ
ͻأģҵײһֹͣȻǿĵͻȻڿͣһ£ŵˤȥ
ַͻȻ˱ķ磬͵شһһĺɫսС
ˡ
ųǷֵһʱɢһֱڷһʱȥסڵġַҲʱӿл
лл
лȻֻǼ򵥵֣ȴǰϡ
ոձ˶ûпڵΣýΪָߣԴͷβǿϸַڸոյսвɣֻӡĹַ֮Ҳѵֻܿͣͷ似Ժ䣬һʮֵԪ
һ̣ǸӰַĹҪͷĵڳҪߣַ沢ûеһʱȥץðԪɵΣգǿнΪΣȻǳַʶΪҲ˵ַĵӣǸĴڡ
ӰӶڶһַ֪˵ֵ޷ݣַڶԷߵ£ȻȱġҪ֪ǿȴܹס⵭ӰȻǾҲӦƵҲһ̬ģľҲ˵
ַ˰֣ʱҲȷʵƣЩ
Ƶĸĺļޣȫ̶ȷҶԷɱֱ֣ʡˣȫ
ֻӡĹַӵٶӡ似ҲǲӦģһСʱļʵ˲١
ϲģĵȻôʱ䣬ȴûбϮֻΪ̫˹ƣ͵״̬ԼҲ˻֮жѣŹϼӦָܹˡ
ʱַĵģǸӰһĴڡ
߰ɣȻȥַǿѹе̽һ֣һʿ˻صԻ͹ų֮ڡ


13 
ս֮󣬻Ҫջȥʿǵʬ壬оٰеĳȴᣬΪӢ
ȻҪĻ칦ᡣ
ȻЩʿ˵ϵ飬Ѿûʲô󣬵칦ĴڱͲΪϵĽΪ˹ʿó˴ӾϵõһЩɾ͸С
ַûвμִᣬҪչԼĽ㣬Ҳ˷֮У칦ɻԻ͹ųǵļ˺Χ֮ظԴļ֡
ʱַ棬Լķ֮Уػַķڡ
ȻǻԻ͹ų֮ڣӦûʲôܹ뵽Ϊ˱ⱻ˴ҲǷֹһַⷢѡһЩ
һʲô״ַ̬վڵĺɫӰǰԷ֮еԪڿУȻһֱڱĿ˼;İ࣬̽һºӰһʲôĴڡ
˫ۣ֮ͫУɫ֮Ծ
ӦһĴڣֻԪ֮е֮Ӧһʡ˵üͷȴѾ״̬վźӰ˹
࣬ӵԼ˼롣ֻǶԼΪַ汾巨ڣܹԼλãⲢ˵Ǿͱַ
෴ģ귽棬ΪԷֵַĳɵ֮ԶҲԶԶַ汾ġ
ٸ򵥵˵ǵʱʶĹͻϮʱַеǰߺĻôпʶĹᱻֿҪж˫֮ϵˡ
㵱ʱŶԷҲǿסַģϾһԷפַڣǿ϶ҪյĽҲǺӰܵĸ졣ַֻ϶ܵЩ˶ѡ
ŰĽӽԭһֱĿӦĺӰҲǻ۾
ĿԡϹ˳һ΢ЦôҪôǾ԰ɣ
Ӱ˿ո˫ٴαϡ
Ȼӵеһ֮ƵҲһƵͺѪҲOѪAB͵һȻŲ𣬵ǱϣҲһʵ
һ۾ͿַķԼ֮Ҫǿ󡣸޷ƵõԷ
ôôȻĻǾ͸ˡЦ˵
Ӱ͵˫ۣ¶һ˿񡣽ǵӰһͻȻʼۿҪԱˡ
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ʱһߣȴ͵ؽӰ嶨ԭأͫеİɫ֮ʼתַ淨ϿյֻɫͫҲͬʱת˺Ӱڵķ
ҵԱ㻹Զء˫֮Уɫ֮ԽתԽγһɫУǺӰʱһҪӰʶɡ
һСһֻռʮ֮һ֮ѣгɾ͸𣿺ߣ㿪ļΣִʶһ֮Ƕôǿġ
Ӱʧڷ֮УͬʧģǵӰһ塣
ôַŰʵ
˫ۣͣƬ̺̾ϢһֻЯһЩ֮˵֮ѣӵһЩֶκͿֶΣǼȴѷӦǶԷΪ֮Կ϶ǣˣȷʵһ𣬶깥𡣡
ַ˵ͷʧûа취ֶȷʵԤϣЩӽڷࡣ
һֵοǣͨʾֱӸ˶ԷʶʱȴֱӵڶһǿСܡ
ϧʶΪҪľǽٷų磬ÿһʱ䶼ҪΪ䲹ľ񣬵鷳ҡҡͷЦȷʵǿ֮΢һЩ𶼿Բٿأ֮У֮Ҳܱ껹ˡ
ַҲǵͷЦȻˣͲֵǮˡ
ʰӰַҲ׼뿪磬뿪ʱַ潫ԼʱͻȻĸ˰
Ҫɱ壬Ϊ֮ڰͺ˼άҲҪͺһЩûл̫ʱȥ˼׵⣬ǽ⽻ࡣ
յַĸ֮ҲЩϲܿٴʼ̽İء
ͬʱַķ֮⣬ȴǳ˽֮ɫ
ǰľڴ֮ϣһӰȴΪȱڸǶʵʱµϣһ˿ӣľȫֽ֮ҲǱ糺һƬ
㣬㣬ôˣ
Ĺ۲ĵ壬ȴǷĵһٶڻָţڵҲǿٵӡ
еǣӵȴǲһЩ죬Ԫ֮⣬һ˿δʶģӣԽԽࡣϵЩΪЩӶġ

ǸеЩܣĵ촽΢΢Ŀٵĺšǡڴʱַӷ֮˳ÿĴʱı顣
ǣ
ַתͷ
ʱڽʱ򣬿ַ֣ʱ΢Ͻ˵ڲ֪ʲô仯ڻָͬʱھȻһԪӦֱӴΧĻ룬ֻܹ֮۲ĵӣķӦ
Ŷַ΢΢е⣺һ̬ԪҲ
ַԱվ£ɢ͸ĵ忪ʼ鿴
ʱĺʶ˵ַӦú뵽ڲ鿴ʵַȴǷһЩŽ͸ĵڵġ
ǡԪ
ַ鿴ڵ֮ȴһ¾Ͳµʲô
ڰļ¼˵оƬߵļ¼֮УйԪļصģֻΪԪƽʱ޷ӦÿڵԪҲǲͬԸûʵʵļأȴᵽԪĹ֮ͬǾԪศɡ
ʱĵڣǹԽԽʢڵԪںţַ֮ôԽĵڣӦҲΪڵѾڱԶԶַĹϵ
֮ѵ˵ͻ𾳽磿һϲĵ
ַ˵ͷȴǿЦû뵽Ȼͻ𾳽磬ӣһִƿأ»ҽ׷ɱİɣ֪ǸóЩʲôǸϽܵĺأ


14 ں
ַԥ֮ʣĵڣȴٴη䣬һ˿˿ɫϢĵ͸ŸʴϢΧһ˲ڻ
Сġ
ַۼֿ죬Ϣɢ˲һѣɫϢΧ֮⡣
齣ǽڣոĵӶǷ·һɻҶѻһ㣬ɫϢմȾϵ˲ֱӻΪޣȻϵҲǺޱȫʧ١
ʱɫϢɢۿ䶼ɻַͻȻԼķ磬Ķս档
ʱַ淢֣ȻĴʱûʶʮѲŽյ֮У˵ʱΪѾǳԼһ˿ʶִԼôԼܾܿ޷ȡ
УַⴴһƬտֻĵ
ַ棬ҽôˣʵʱģ״Ǻܺá
ΪΪ֮صĵλһֱܳȻʿеܸߣַΪ˱һֱƺԼΪˣӺ֮ǰͲٳƺַˣֱӽ֡
ַü˼Ƭ̣ͬʱҲǽǿ͸ĵڣ۲ڵƬ̲Щȷ˵Ϊĵʻ޷ԪԴʱԪʼй¶ˡ
ôѵò׳ɾ𣬾Ҫֹͷһ𣿡Щʣתͷַʵַ棬ûʲô취ҽȹѹأΣʱ̣ҽһɾ𣬶˵Ǿ޴Ԥд˵ˣһа취ﵽҽĶԲԣ
ۿĵԽԽ졣ɫϢѾҪļ˺ѣѾͷԡ
˵ԤȻָɴϰ͸¶ѰַѶϢټִǱʶϴԣַԤǸˡΪַΪǿһʱһ뵽ľַ档
ʵϣַȷʵҲǲµĴʱΪʲôֵ״
ڷɴϵʱַ洫ݹϢǳϵͳߺķһʱռġ
Ҫ֪Ǹϵͳ˿һ۷ʿӡ似ּΪϡеĶռַ֣֣Լ販ʿ̫ӡõ̫ӡǰͶŵ֮صġɼļʶж㷺
ԡȻѾûгֹ𣬵ǴһЩഫĴ˵һЩżļ֮˽⵽Ϣ
Ϣ˵ĴʱӦΪ뷨໹ûнûдﵽ֮ĳܱ׼ԲŻᷢڵ״
ʵļ̫С̫СΪһھϴﵽ֮ͬʱ׵뷨ںһ𣬶ʱ֮ΪԸµȴڻ֮е𾳽磬˵ʵڻǰһ̽𾳽磬Ȼ֮Уͷûо֧ŵ£޷ںϣôʱ֮󣬵ȵ֮ʼγˣ巴ûںϳɹŵ֮й
ڵĽҲǼ򵥣ֻҪ뵽ĵԺƿһٿ뷨໥ںϣܹɵĽµ⡣
ֻǣڵѾ֮ô׿Ƶģ
Һãոմλϰһֲٿ˵ľڲϣȫԲٿص𼶱컹鷳ˡַɳһͨõľͷų
֮ͫУͻȻһɫУĵķ
ʱ䣬ľռڵʶʼеֳһַ֮ͫзȥ
ʱʶѾ˳˯ַӵֿʶҲɲٿؾѾﵽ𼶵ģڣȴǱַȫƿС
ʱַĸоͺԼһΪԼ˶Լıһ
ͷһۡԼŵ壬ַһرĸо
ȻЩʱ򣬿ַǲʶѾܵԼĴʱΣգıʾʹﵽһܸߵĳ̶ȣʱҲѾƤˡ
Ͻץʱ䣬ĵķ磬ͬʱͬѾԵĵķٻ˹ٴͷһʶƣҲ
ÿһЩˡֶַ롣
ʱѾ˲ԺôԸԼˣڵ֮ǾΨһһٶʱڣ߶Ǹˡ
ϾһֵܹǸģ׶ΣдԻ͹ųǣԼߵڶ˺ܳһΰȫڡ
ȵգȫŷʱҲԼҲǽ׵𾳽ˡ
ַҲһȫֵˣǣҴʱλѾ˼ҪΪ࿼ǣԼʹ֮󣬻ΪԼūŭԼ鷳ַҲֻܾԺ취ȡ
ڣ˸þǵþȵġ
뷨Ľϲһ׵飬ǰǱҲû̫ϸļʣַȫԼŽС
ɱģַҲǶĵ˴ڵȫλ˽⣬ʮӺʼ˵һֵںϡ
黯صϣǷ֮е͸
Ϊ֮͸ʮֵĻûиʱ䶼ɲ˵ġڴʱΪ࿪ʼںϽĵҲڲϵĵõƣ֮ĳҲǽ岻ûٴαʼ޸
㡣
ʱ˿ڽҽԵĸеˡ
Ȼһ˲䣬ıȴٴαϾ


15 
Ի͹ųǵڣһƬһ޼ʵƽԭûʲôڸǣһ۾ܿԶĵط
ĵطȻǷصġ
ϾÿηĶͨ˵ս߲ܻᱻӵĵӰٶȣֱһɾָܽӵδĲӰ죬ƽ̹ĵȴǿüǽϵĸַ
һʱĴսѾ˵ǽÿʱÿ̶Ա̬ڸոսйһǰ޽еĴսҲ⡣
С⣬СӲҿϴεĻɱͳƣһɱսʿȳɼõҲడ
ٺ٣ϼֵܣȻû죬ǸĹĬҲ׼ĺء
ǽϣһһسǵսʿǽ̸š
ڳǽĸݣ˶˷šôʤȷʵѪڡ
ʱ򣬲֪ǽĸ˺һ䣺ǿʲô
˳ָȥֻңԶϡֻܿƽ߾ͷĵطһɫһĶƶ
籩ɣǧҪˡ
һһЩĳǷսʿü
ԱߵһЩսʿ籩ʣҲЩüôôùȻʱ籩
ڵԴô࣬Ҫһʱָʱ䱻籩ϮĻѷ
ʵЩԽǲǷ籩Լߣ籩ȴƫƫҪԻ͹ųǵķۿѾӽ֮ˣѾܹĿǸ޴ģÿֲݵľ޴ˡ
һֱǴַڹһЩʿȺ֮е飬ڻԻ͹ųҲһգһЩĿʱΪϢ
ʱüͷ𣬵һʱõ˹ų֮һ۷µĴѶ
ôˣַ濴ı顣Щʵ
ųһ籩ܻԳǷԴĲشӰ죬ȳȥɡѯʵ
ַ˵ͷУȥɣҡĺˡ
˵ͷתͷһѾȶġҲûжʲôתȥ
ߺַ΢΢üʱɹһ籩ôɣ
Цһַȴûй̫ЩڵȻȶȴܷɡһٱ֮ռϷ磬ĵԺΪкܴӰˡ
ɴı۾ôȫȫĿʼΪĵĽ𱣼ݻ

վڳǽʱ籩ո١
ųǵķֵһʱ俪Ϯ籩֮⣬ԵģЩڵ˸еļµϢͬСɣɢֿǿɲʱһЩϢǿ͸
Щ籩ϢһУǸͻһң˸Ͻܿ±籩ϸϢմȾϡ
ôǵġΪ籩֮УǾ籩ʱ裬ӵкǿһСıϣضֱӱɷɻңʱʣ¡
ӡ
Χʿسʿ񺰵д󲿷ֵسʿǰԶԶĹۿʱһʱһ٣мˡ
Ͼ̫ˣЩǷʿΪǺܸߣǱϵʾ͸òĲС
ʱ΢΢źÿü֮˵˵ͷǴкȻŻԼһţµ
籩ոյִ˵ϸߣǳԴȫʢʱڣӦÿԿСʱڳڵԴĴҪֵЩ籩ЩˡЩ˵
˵ܹ֧Ŷ೤ʱɣε籩Լܹáֱʵ
⣬ִԼܹ֧ǿȵ籩ʮӣεķ籩߳ڵ˹ƣҪһСʱ
Щͷˡ
Сʱʱ䣬ûзֱЩ籩ܹɱˣ
籩۷һµʿܿһǳжٷ۷һµأǿǧư
Ի͹ųǱ൱һǳأǾۺΧôе˿ڣʱûʲô⣬ѾĳˣΧƪûпԱ⡣
ıϮȥôгַԼһʵǿĿԻȴǶҪһˡ
ôոմս籩ˣʱһҲǸеһЩԡ
У籩֮УΣգҲֵס籩Ҳôܹġ
ǽܹЩ׵ͺˡҡҡͷ֪ҲҪʱܷںϣ֮һܹӻѹ˵µ⣬Ļǰﲻʲôæˡ
ʱһһӹȥֵܿԴʼ˾ˡ
Χǵİ˴ԼǳеһЩҲ˳ǽվߡ
ҼǵãַǱһɽɴСֵӦǿԵסЩ籩ġΧ֮УһλͻȻ˵
԰ҲǼǵôһġַȥˣôڣ
һʿ˵
ַһʱڣѾֹ߶һκɽÿζǷӾ޴ɱɽɹѪַŽɽȴѾˡ
ַҪ¡Ӧǲܹæˡҡͷ˵
ַڱĵĽȻǲЩŵġ
ʲôôҪ»Ի͹ųΣڵϦһƣЩ˵ν֮У۷Ϊ˿ɾˣǿǧ˿ڰ
һΧЩ˵õ˱˵ĸ͡
رһЩԭĴǵΪͬߣмڽǻ籩Ϯ׵Ҫһ
ҽҪˣΪһЩԭַҪߣʱ뿪
ĵ飬ڻδ϶һܹ˳ȻַһֱڰȶڵǱɴڣǲʱ˵ģۿѾЩ⣬Ҳ˲ôˡ
㣿˵ĳ
ĻһڣȻ󲨡
½Ĵս֮УıĴڿסɱ˲ʿôڶ̶ʱ֮ȴִҪ׵Ϣ
Ǻ۷Ϊѵ˵Ҫ׵𼶣
˶ǿжǴѯʵĿ⣬Ҳֻܵͷ˵ȷʵڽ𼶣Ϊʱ״̬ǺܺãҲһͿ϶ܹ
ôһ˵ڳ˱ٴλȻ
ĻȻǿŵģһǴƭʤ˽ֻӡ֮⣬ûгġҲ˵ڳľ硣
Χǰ˴Լ۷ʿ˵ζʲô˼
ַڰ̤ѹأȻҪֵ֧ģΪһʱ򣬴ľԲֻǼ򵥵һǿսô򵥣ܴܿһϣ
Ҳ˶ô롣
ԻԻ͹ųǵΪףǵĴȴǸ޷⡣
дͷһˣһɽӵվ˳ʵֻһĿܶѣܹΪ飬ѵҪóǧڲҲ˵һսֲֵ񣬾ֵܹϣڵ˶ˣ⼸Ǹ֪ܲܽ׳ɹʲôأѵǾҪƾԼЩˣ޸Ƽ֮УԿЩ𣿡
˼˴ͷҲվ˳˵ˣûгǳصıʵǿ󣬶ǵսʿΧҲֻ·һһĴڣȫܹһǳ𣿸οеô࣬һܹġ
ҿǸܲܽǸδ֪أ㲻ֻΪ˼ҿһΣԲһЩķӦѣʱˣȴûн׳ɹǲˡ
Уÿ˶ԸֿڷַΪĻΪǵͬ룬ҲֻΪԼ˽Ϊ飬ַ棬߸ϵַķʽеķȨҲȥ
ǶĴͶڳǷʿӵָȨΪҪʿʿɱ壬ŽʿָȨַЩ˵ģʱȻΪ˻ȻȾҪȨ
ЦһΧǰ˴һȴǸмЩسʿİġ
Ȼ˵ЩسʿȫֵܹڵʿϡȱȴǶսܹʮ۷壬ǶѡҪٺڵġοпܶһˡ
Ҫ˵ǵʿǾˣȴͻȻһǾǱࣿߣЦ


16 籩
͵תʵ㣬ôˣ
ļ򣬵ЦģѾˣҪ쭵ġ
һ㶣Ų뵽ַ˵ʲôʱСһ졣
Ҫ֪֮ʱ򣬿ǽ·ȫҲ˷ɻҵģոַķ֮УȻҲоַô޼ɵԱ߿⿴ǵĲ̫ʣΪҪַæס״û˼Щ
ĵҲǴڻУԼˣºԼ˵ַ治˵Ҳַ֪ھҲӦܹġ
ģǰַҲһĿԺжʱԼλ޺ʱģ
תͷЩЦҾбҪǽΪǵġΪ˱ȺΪ˱ȺǶҲϧοһеļǧˡ
ַ䣬˵ݣĴǴĵ׸е䡣
ַ治Ҳ˵Щսϵı֣Ǵӵλ˵ʿسʿǵУҲҪ߳ٵġ
˵ڻԻ͹ų֮Сˣǽַ浱ػһĴġЩײ䣬ʱǸģǸַŸɣƾַ̧ɱԼҲΪ˶ƽϵġ
Ǽַͷ˼Լص˿λãֻʣ¼Ի͹ųǵĴﻹվǰߡ
ǶǴ˴¼ķߣΪһֱڻԻ͹ųǡôоϮش־棬ԴʱЩ֪ߵغ
ɽ߼ַ֣ȻҲЩĪη壬ȴӲͦվ˳˵ַ档֪ӢۣڶǿʿΧǳص񡣵һϣջظո˵Ļ
ַ汧ǰЦΪʲô
ɽʱҲǰһ񣬳ŶݵʱͷЦһ˵ν߶ͣȻЩΪǿôȻҪеǿߵΣҲ˵ЩҪ壬ͶҲһǱҪŽʱȴΪԼŮˡĽ㣬˵ǧĻǴ˳ȥǶŽʮֵĲãңո˵ıȺǾ֪Ȼǳغܶ࣬ҲڳĹʱܹҴٻδ֪֮˵ǻԻ͹ųǵǧˣѾڲ֮ռ൱һô׷ô˿ڣҲҪΪˣ
ɽ٩٩̸˿עǣƽʱָ߸ϵĿ˵˵̫ˣÿһ仰ǴŽΧسʿͣ˶евˬ
ɽ˵ַŮˣķɿ죬δȵַ淢͵תͷȥ˵̫Ϊǣżˣڵ෢չķǳ׳ֻҪ΢һЩʱ䣬²ֵʱ۷磬ȴҲԲЩȺĽɱˡ
ɽӺٺһЦҪ䣬ȴַ浭ЦŶˣ¸ʲôҲǶһ£㻹ΪһںĻ
һ£ȷӦһҲװĴַһѣָо̫ǸϽתƻʲôʱ򻹿Ц籩˰СʱˣٲֹҪˡ
ַǺһЦҲΪļеˣԲõģոҪɽһЩѵġʲôָֻţڵǰľ¼ֱǸĵ䷶ֻЩҲǻѾˣҪóȻǣرΪسǵǣڳǷʿͳǻһЩӰġ
౾ٷЩڲѣǲûĻˡһʧأΧǣ֮أ޵򶼻꣬ʱַ治Ρ
߰ɡ
ַ֣һȥߵʱһǳصĴɨһۣȴһ˿Ȼûжʲô˺ȴѹȵվЩվˡ
ͷȵǸɽ߸Ǳһۿĵ˵ϣ򶼸ųˣǳˡ
ַҲھǣ̫Լ£ٸָֻţ´ξͲֻǳôˡ
ǽϵʱ򣬷ѾҪΪԴˣͣдӷ϶дڡ
׵ľ뻺壬ڵҲٶȽ࣬ԶҲǺѣһЩȽֱӱһЩʿܾ˷֮У
ַˡ
̫ˣַˣһԵЩ籩ǰȫˡ
ַһ·˶ǧкԭŵҲͻȻͷ
ôʱ䣬ǶַѾﵽһäĿĳ̶ȣֻҪַڣǾͻ
ַҲϻۼѾʮϾӷ֮нɽȡ˳ӭͷǰһڷɳһ˲䣬ʱӭ籩
ֻĵһĻˡ
ɽ·ûмһ㣬ٵʹţתʱ䣬Ѿ˻Ի͹ųǵĴСһͣ£ıš
˶Ǳ𾪵ԸӣΧǰ˴Ҳ𶯣ΪһַĺɽԱøҲǸӵǿ
޴ĺɽ֮ϣʮŵѪߴɽʶ£ȾĺɽаΪɽԭЩѪ߳ΪѪȪһЩΪˣܹЩѪȪʶ
ѹ
ַͻȻһȣԭоźɽʽҲͻȻת͵һ
ֻǺɽ͵ؿʼ׹ֻ˲䣬ǽٵ֮ϡ
ء
Ǹɴһ죬ؿһ¾ѿ˳ǧ򵽷϶ѣܿǳΪһ޾Ԩһֱ˼Զĵط
һʵ̫ǿˣûԻ͹ų֮еཨˣλõһЩӮҲһЩеѪӿ⻹Ϊַվ򣬺ɽھߵʱԶɢ¹֮ԽԻ͹ųһˡ
ȷʵǿ󣬿ϧͷٶ̫ѶвַԺɽļޱҲϲǲΰ롣
˾޴Щ籩ȻǲֵܵסģȻǿҲֻǿڳ־úʹϣʱַ֮һٽĲλѹЩ籩Ȼһ±ɢˡ
ֻʱַȴͻȻеɽ֮£һΪأҲ൱ֲ
ڿٵǿת֮䣬Ѿַ棬ӽַ淨֮еġ
Ȼ籩ɺϣˡַͫ΢ϸĶźɽ˵


17 
ټĺɽȻԻ͹ųǻҪʮԻ͹ųǼҲԶԶȲϺɽôصһӵַ棬һǺѳܵסһ㣬ҲǺ
ʱѹںɽ֮µΪĴȻҲ޷Ӻɽֱ֮ѳ˺һЩֶ֮󣬲ǰӺɽɵĵѷ˳ΪһС͵˻Ի͹ųɽ֮䡣
ַһ֣ɽѸٱСȥգ֮Сַ֮ϣתš
಻ǳֹɵ壬ʵֶζҵȾηϧ󼴽գȴһ𶼲֣˵Ҳֻʷ֮ˡ
ɫУ΢΢̾ϢƺЩֻ
ûһͶ֣Ǿô嶼һ磬ͣתš
λ𣬿ɷַͻȻ
ңǸƵĴһ£Ц˵ĻԳƺΪ쫷𡣡
쫷𣿡ַĬһ䣬ȴ뵽ǰѵþĵǸô
ôѾԼ߸ˣַǵãһʱ֮С紫ŴһһҲǾרͿ籩
Ҳ˵ʱգܻܿһʱڸ
Һڽ˳ĻӦúܿܳɾֻҪǰһסһʱͰȫˡַüͷ΢ȴ뵽ճǡ
Ҫ֪ͨԼĿռڿճȻַӡ似Ǹǿзգ˲ٵڸǣ޷֤ܹҵڲȥôΨһЧҲֻΪܹһЩʱ䣬ȴŽ
˵ףĵĽַ氲ģΪһƵ˸ûʲôϵҪΣʱ̣ܲܰԼĺ˵пΪ֮ǰ飬Լġ
ԣַڱ뾡Լܹɾôʹ幥ԭ磬ַҲٿԱһƽˡ
쫷żҲԸַ˸ɺʱ䡣ոպɽĹһĴˣΪʱɽĹĿ겢˵ҲǺֻһҲǸһЩӰ죬ԲŽһЩѡ
ϾҲ𼶱ǿߣ磬ҲݺˣʱһûԴǳأ˵ףﻹǲ̫µġ
ˣ󼴽䣬ضԲĺøУΪʹĵλҪίˡ쫷ЦţͻȻΪһڷɢȻ˲ٴγһ籩
û˷ֵı籩ٶȵõܿǳ˳ڡ
Ȼʱ֮УͻȻٴγһĤ쫷棬Ȼ˻
Էӡ
ΧѰ˷վһλϣаֵӡǣͬʱһ
쫷Ȼ֮صٶȿ죬ԼΧĹ˲ʱıȴǲ̫ǿٱסһ˲䣬ûܹԷӡΧ
ʱַһףɽٴηգһΣɽûб仯ر޴ֻǿԷӡݺݵ¡
ַովõģҲһشɱѲãû뵽ô׾ʹЧ
ɽصڵϣԷӡȫλķ֮ǰϣ쫷ӵǲܵģ±ѹ˺ɽ֮¡
һȻǲô׾ȥ쫷ڼ޿ɱܵʱһɢٴλϸ磬Լ˰Էӡİ˵ڱ֮ϣС̶ȵļԼɽ֮ײ
¡¡
һҵĵڽƬĵعѣвʿͳǷսʿѷ֮ڣֺֻͨ˵ǵǳһЩͷⲻ˵ġ
޴ĺɽ£ûܹɱ쫷𡣵ǱˣʱİԷӡҲûɢȥַٴһһɽವһȻٴ¡
˷ʮκַҲĵֹͣ˿ƺɽѹڵϡ
ʱ쫷ϢѾʮ΢ˡһ𣬾Ȼ۷ʿŰʵ߳ŭڵ״̬˵ͷԼŭ𣬾ˡ
Ҳ̫עַϣڰѾںƵȥûзӦһֻǹעɽ֮ˡⲻ֪ûаԷӡԺɽٶȣҲϡ
ʱҩûеĳˣԷӡ⿪쫷۳ɲȡΪķʽԼɢڿ֮С
ַѾʤȯˡ
ȻʱͻȻ˾޴ת䡣
˴֮һͻȻһͷŵİԷӡֱӼ࣬Լͬʱһһ˳ȥ
߷壬ʲôλĶŭȵ
ȻûԵͱ˸ûüӦͱһٺ˳ȥֱַ˹ȥǸûκηֱӾҪԼķͷַ࣬ƴһ
ַӸով;ΧЩѹ֣˷ֻԼȴûз˴¼һ˱ƣϿ磬Ѿվ˷֮
ߣ
վڷڣ֮ͫУɫ֮ʼתַ淨֮Уö޴İɫҲǿڵ
ֻͫڷ֮ͷţַؼʱ̣ͻȻſһ˲佫ڣǡڴʱ֮ͬʱͷʶᡣ
Сӣҵ֮ͻȻЦûܵӰ죬ɳַ档
ȥɣСӣģһὫȫɣͿԳΪΰһˣ
ַԺ֮УķЦ
ʵϣӸովѾϵˣ쫷տʼͣҲڵĵǽġֻȵЩļ˶ѡ
ΪʲôҪ쫷飬ΪѾ֪ļ顣
ڵʱ֮ѡģΪоżƣŷ͵Ϯַ棬ѡģֻûнĻַǿԲתַ棬ΪĳԼ֮۵ǿϣʧܣֱʧʮ֮һꡣ
һǿȫܿܵģҲףһ͵飬ͣĸ˹֪ͨٶϼΪó쫷ҪԼסԷ


18 
Ĵ㱾ûģʹڵ͹ַȺ۷ʿʵ
У۷Ϊǲģ˭뵽ֺ۷ʿӵӡ似֮ȴܹΪ쫷ԭأַƾɽ˲ܹɱ쫷
Щ˵֮쫷ûзӳԼʵͱش
ʱҲǸ˹ҿס˰˴еһˣŽԷӡƻĻ쫷ĺпܾô
Ѿ嵽ַǰַķ綼û赲ĽŲһҪƴļơ
ڷе;оѾʼѣΣڽַǰͬʱͻᷢԱˡ
ʱַ͵ػӳһƣءһϣ͵һ£ͬʱһԷһЩ롣
ôһ򵥵ĶѾԱˡ
ҵıըַķ֮УŰַ淨綼𶯡Ǻ۷ʿƴһӵп˺ôֱַķ֮УҲǺܺܡ
ַĿҲǴﵽˣǽԷɹĿ˷֮Уɵ˺ӵľ޴󣬶ҲǺѿƵסˡ
ٺ٣Сӣʧˣҵѵ㻹ĥɵô̫ˡĵɫӰַķ֮У֮ϴεǸӰҪʵࡣ
ַҲףһɵ֮ľ޴ϴΰܹԸһɵ꣬Σ˵ˣǰ𣬼ַ汾˺һҲֻܿɵԿġ
ַķ֮Уַַ涼ַҲûһ˿ֿĿܡ
ֻ߻꣬ȴûкð취ֿˡַΣͷɻ˼ս֡
ʼĹʽֻǿƱ˵꣬ͬҲһЩֱӵ깥ʽַ֮ǰġնꡯֱӵõַ֮ϡ
ֹ˵ǲֵܱģԹǹ죬Ϊضһ㶼Ƿ츳ߣܵ˺֮ʹȫǺǿġ
Ķַ棬սĳַķ֮УЩͬˡ
깥ַķ֮УȻɲܱȴܹӦַһϹǰȻῴǽַŵ֮ȻҲѾܹоõһڵַͨоͷŵ깥ﾭ
һɫļ׶ϢĴϷٵַڽӽš
ĵһĿַ棬ֻΪַı壬ҲΪǿͣȰͺҪһ
ϧ׶ͷŵ˲ͱַ֪ˣ΢΢һ㣬ͬʱȴֱŶԷȥ
𣬰˵ͨûõģֻ˵ģڵĳ̶ȴﵽһʵĸ߶ԺǿԶ˺ģĻ˹ȴ˺ˣ֮ҲѾ޵ˣ
ٽӡ似Ȼ𼶵ĹڱϣȴǱͨ𹥻ҪһΣȫԶ˺
ַ˫ֿǰӡһ˲ͷųηʨӡ
ӡͷŵٶ죬ҲСַҲҪʲôǵһǣƼܣȽԷɧһ£Ȼٽͷɱ¾ӢӡͲӡ
ʱͺҲͬʱʱʹͨ꼼Ѿû̫ôˣƴƴľǿȣʱǵĹΪֱӣֱŶԷȥ
ս˲䱬ַ棬ͬʱȥ
һȺСһǺú˽һ£֪֮Ĳࡣ봿״̬Ļƽʨײһ£۳ʵʵƽʨӵĶԹоȻ·磬ܿǽƽʨӻ
ƽʨڱͬʱҲǷԱһ˿СС˺
ʱݮŸոս뵽ĸǰֻ˫һ̧˫֮ϣɫԲڿٸ֡
ʹ֮䡣
һȣںǵСʱ͵һ˦֣ϡ
ءء
ɫԲͬʱĿꡣ
һ̣Ǹо֮УһɼǿĴʹ˲Ϯȫһ˲ʹ༸Ҫȥ

ۣ
̲סк˳ƶʱһͣ͡
Ӱָ˹ַԱͷɱ¾ӢۺͲмлٶȴǲ˶Էһۿ׷϶ԷַƤ¶԰ٴη˹
ڰء

£ǰַ淨еĵͻȻһƬڵĺɫ˷ˮһ㣬ɢаĺɫϢƬ֮ϣȴصĽһȦϸܵһĸ߶֮󣬿ʼм£γһһ
ոʹ֮Уܣһߣڰڷ֮ҲǽϱߣȻһ㣬ŵصȥ
ȥɣΪ귨ļƷڻΰ߶˹֮аɣЦš
ʱŻعַ档
³İַһ˿ĸо
ΪԿԼ޷սʤԷǣһܻǿܵģ˵Ļ㽫˻߻ɱҲǲ޿ܣַ֪Լ뷨Ƿȱġ
ɷϣַڳʼ˲СĳЧһ¾ش쫷㽫ɱڳУһԭ򲢲ַ˴ΧϣڶԷĴ⣬ԼԷ쫷Ŀơ
һΣ𣬿νַµĶ֣Ϊ˫سһģ£ʵǿһضʵһʤ㣬ڼַ浱ʱûϷ֣㲻£Ǳ佫Է󶼸ƻȴǳ׶ûʤˡ
ԭôǿѹֵʱ販ʿϵʱΧǰ˴ͼе߼ʿҲֻ紫󴦽һܶѣڵʵʱ販ʿȲϣһΪԼӵôӡ似Զˡַҡҡͷһ̣ͻȻãԼһڳϵͳİ£ߵĻЩ̫˳ˣڿǵʵʱ򣬾ǲ֪ЩӶԷˡ
Ҫ֪ǳϵͳߣҲǽ۷ѣûгɾôԼʲôʸȥأ
СһѾֿ𣿡ڱƽʱǲŽַɱˣһ
ɱ¾Ӣ벻ַǰ⻹һЩΪʬ֮ۿƣַֻͣ淨֮вܲս߼սʿҲΧȻǵʵǺǿܹΪԼǣһ¶ԷҲǺõġ
ַʱѾ׼Լһݵӡˡ
ģҪżһʱ䡣ַ˫ǰٽӡȴǲܹͣһЩӦ
ȻЩʵʵġ
ݵӡĽӡ׶ȻûʲôǿɢƵɢȴױȵģһӾ͸о̺ΣϢʱ˲ñģַǿȥ
ɱ¾Ӣ벻ƴأϧԱΪַ滻ȡʱ䣬ѾȥĸʬܸǱּһ˿ûǵĺ赲ҲֻΪַ˲ʱѡ
ݵӡͷʱӣʹַѾﵽ˺۷壬޷һ˿һһգ۾ܹȥӣʱȴַĴʮֵΣա
ɽ
ַһȣɽಡһ³ǰ
޴ɽ嵲ַм䣬ڽ쵽ʱͼʶɽ쫷ʱƣ׺ɽǿ󣬸乥һʹԱ˹ȥ
ɽķӦٶʵ̫ˣ˵ַڵʵ޷ӦֵʹɽθûжѶǴӺɽĲƹ
һε赲Ϊַһӵʱ䣬ʣһӣȴûʲô취ˡ
һΣַĽӡٶѾﵽʷٶȣ޷ӵļޣûһӡǣݵӡûһõġ
Ѿ˸ǰһ˲䣬ַҪɱһۿѾΪ֡
Ȼʱ򣬷һǣһֱûбע⵽Ľ䣬ȴͻȻһɼΪ˵Ϣ
ǹϢϷһ޴̫ӡת


19 ǿ
𣿡һ˲Ϣӵ˭ַ棬ǸɢϢĽȥ
ַķ֮УǸ䱾ǱַصģһѰңҲܹҵѰҵ£ȴǸַܷصĵġ
ʱΪڽͷϢԶɢ˳֣Ȼǲڼַ棬ĳɹĽˡ
ϧΪսĳԭ򡣴ʱڣַķ֮Уַ֮أȻڰغַּ赲ˣֻתһĵλûǲġ
ĵͬʱַҲһĵתƵ˷һ
쵰ɱһҪúĥ꣬ҵš
ЩżˣĴʱҲȻ֪ʱ䣬ʱпѹǿǸոս׵ҲԲֿܵİ
˵ʱǲܼʱĽĻɱôȴģֻ
ռ䡣
һΪģϸСɫɢɳΧĸȥ
ЩɫûʲôַȴܹоԼԷĿźɫı鲼ԽԽѣһЩѾɫ̶סĵطǸ޷ˡ
Сӣ㻹ʲôУҵȥɡЩʵĺʵȴڸԼеĲԼһľѾ˽ӻ
ȻʱעȫĵϣȴһֱԱʩչݵӡַ档
ղŵһ˲䣬ַݵӡڽһӡǣͬʱַͻȻһ޴ĺɫӰɫӰǸһʵȴûʵ̬һӰϾǻһ󣡡
ַı󣬴ʱֵĺӰȻǴ˵
Ҳݵӡص㣬ݶֵݶΪѹƶԷӰʱݵӡ£ǰһʵһ㣬һ¾ͽΪѹһ硣
ɸԼǰˡ
ԣھͳ֣ûȫգûгµķӡңҲվһıƭҡȵȻһЩ⣬ǰϢȴǽҲԭأȻ²ֶַΣȴҲóȻǰ
Ƭ̵ĵ飬ĵȴǴַ˳
Ǹ𣿰Ұɡ
ַʱѾˮ͸ˣʹúɽֽ֮ͷôӡ似ڷ֮ҲļģʱĽַͻȻ͸оһɣһ˿ĵĻȣȻһԵȥ
ֻǿַһۣһεַ£¡
𣿾ȻôС΢΢ü
ַ֪ݵӡȻ֪ǰڱ״̬ǾˣǰҲ̫ˡ
ȻĲֻ֪꣬ոڻ֮С
ֳˡ֮ҲѾԶˣ˵һ𣬾ٶʮҲĶ֡ЩˣȻֻɵ꣬ȥҲӰ쵽Ҫָɵ꣬ȴҪٻǧʱģܣԲôӦûлˡ
ĺĮӶԷĻûκζֻ۾Է
ʱ˫ۣͫȫʧƬɫ۵ͫǼŴתȫ˺ɫ
˫עӵķҲͷ֮ϣʱһ̫ͼһ¾ͽΧĿռȫգʼתѹ䡣
󼴽֣ضȥҲǳ飬һһ죬սȥꡣ㣬һҵġ
̫ͼѹڰûκεĶƽģ̫ͼѹ䣬֮µκʶȻȻʧ٣׵ıˡ
ѵô𣿡Ķк޲Ƕʵ˽
һַ֣ķǱַڣ˵Ӱͬʱ˻Ի͹ųǵĳǽ֮ϡ
㡣
ϲԱߴתȥѵ¶һ˿΢Ц
ôôǱոڷս
һĨȥϵһ˿Ѫۣһĵʵ
֮ģһֱǱַݵӡӰģʵı˶ػûʲôȤΨһĵģԼѡ
ľҲ̫ոȷʵǷսֻҺ뱻˿ˣողѹѵǽҽǸĿ𣿡Щ˼ʵ
Ϊʿ֮һĸ֣ȻΪĵһĿֻ꣬ʹһɵ꣬ͽסˣȻʿ֮дɱ̶̵˲䣬ϵʿȴǳ˶ʮ
һƵģΧǵİ˴
˵еĶսһ˲ͱסˡ
ʱַ淨е֪ߵϢӹһ١
ֵһǣʱΪŭģ׷ɱͲҼΧǵİ˴ΪȥһˣʣµļǵʵѾΪ˱סԼֻ꣬ĹͷߴãȻˡ
Цһԭոַ淨еֻһֵķѹʵôҲʶȤû˵㣬ѱ磬Ҳһܡ
ɢȥΧ֮ȫֻĺ󾱴һͻȻͷųһ̫֮뵽֮С
Ƭ֮󣬾ͿüλϣͻȻһ֣ȻһźڰΧֵԱߣϵĽĥ𣬼֮ǽȫĥ
ȫʧջ֣ĵʵôˣµӡʧ𣿡
Щ״̬գ۾ʱԼִַƵ顣ֻȭҧгݵ˵ȻҸūǸ
˵ţݺһڵϻԵַϡ
һſͦݣֻǿǸƣûжģ۷Ϊڵصַ㲻ҲҪ߳ɲзϵġ


20 ַ
ִַȻԿˣǲһӲԿƣһյʽĿơָоͺ˵ִܵƵ˻Ὣַ浱ԼԼ˵ʲôԼΪǶԵģĸԸΪ¡
ֿƲǷǳһѱܣĸ֮䣬ʮֵַȥɱпľͻַΥַ
ִƵˣǿܣǻϿ˵һġҲǼǵøַȽϽӽʱ顣
Ҳַ֪Ȼִǣȴûʲôֵ̫飬ĵĽַѲϵ
͸˵ѾμַģҲַĹףϴ紫￴ġԤԡӰоûбַƣԼҲֵֿİɡ
ϾĲͬǸǳˡ
һַϣһһ֮Լеˡ
νԣԹ壬ûзԼһٶ̬ΪĽ㣬һˣȴǴзһ˿
ЦЦûв˼תͷʼΧ
ߣŰٶ׵ľ룬Χǵʿȫþη
ϲϳɾҵЧӣ塣
ԭĵ£ʮ۷ִʱʮһˣȫĵ
˶ܹоõĵϢѾԽ˸ոϮλ𣬵û˸ҿ϶˵ֱʮһĵӺ˲һӷ
Ĵ˳ɾˣҲˡ
̫ˣҲǾͰȫˡ
ʲôͬΪ£һȫɱ𡣹ôֻҪǾͿԸ
һʱ䣬ǵĳ쳹
ոΧǵİ˴ȫȥȱƺӰ죬ĳΪϢڸ£ȫ˹ȥʽһ̣˵жӿһɰĵĸо
һ̣İĵĸо֮£˾ƾͻԼƿ˽
һϮĻַ˻ԣΧǰ˴ȴɹĽֻһϣʿʵһΡ
һַúɽզˣȻҲˣѾΪ壬һȻһЩвȴҲƽʲôˣϾΪʧô࣬ĵĻܶˣǾԲóȻǰġ
ֻôô࣬صҲض󼴽գΪʸ֮ģʱܹսʤǣҲʧء
Ի͹ųڣһ͵Ľ֮УտĵϣվϵĻ˫ۡ
ʵΪĽ㣬ȻҲǵòֻǽԼһӰ֮УΪõӰһĴڣӲ¶Լò
ֻǴʱڣֻһԵַ棬ȴǳԼϵĺӰ¶˾µա
㣬ɱɣܵ𣿡
ĵԱߣĵĿĵĶУһ˿˿֮Կ񱩵ַ̬壬Ȼķٿص֮ǿʼַַܶͣĸֳһķ··䶯ӡ
ܲ˾ȥˣǽôʱ䣬ûгͷˣôĵƽ֮ȴЩ٩֮⡣
Щӿ죬Ͻѽ㣬ôͽˣֻ߲ôȫأһôҲǷͬ޵˺۷壬ϣģҪǱǸŪˣЩϧˡ
𣿡ĵһЦȻôҾͲĥ˰ɡ
˵ɣȴǹ֣ͣٶַͷЩ֮ˡ
ֳˡ
ôˣʡ
Ϊ㻹Ǽɡֺõ˵
̲סһЦ˵㿴㣬ǹҰҶѾΪˣʣµľͿԼˡ
תͷַָıֻܴԪķ̫࣬ЩˣȴǱǸ˵˸ҵƣӦûдˣǿԼġ
˵ְ꣬ϧĶѽǶԼɣķÿ˶ǲͬģ֮ܵҲǸͬҲûа취㡣ȻѡЩˣôδĵ˿϶ԽԽǿȻƴҲᱣǰ棬ҲƴҪԼѽ
õ֪㣬һŬġ
ý̸ʱַڣЩ֮ȴͣƤ֮Ҳǽָƽ
ףô죡
Щȵ˵ϸһַ壬ǿгַķķ֮УȻѾָĲˡ
һʺͷ඼ǺǿҪɾ𷴶ءĲַ̽壬һ˵
ԽǿôںҲͻͻԽǿرַ滹࣬ʿ֮вǾ޽У֮ȴǴû˵ġ
ԣַҪɾ𣬱ȳ˸ѡ
ַԱߣЩɻĵѾָˣΪʲôأ
ԱҡͷҲҲǾܴ̫أڻЩɣϢӦþͺˡ
Ҳֻܵͷ
ʱַԺ֮С
Լַ汾궼Ǿۼһ
࣬ԼԼռ䣬Ǵʱǵ꾹Ȼ˳ַҲǽһ΢״̬ͬʱƯһƬڽ֯
ģַ汾ΧԼѳȥ꣬ЩãȻõ
겢ûѣ˵ĸо˳˯˵֮һͻɻɫɢַΪѾȥˡ
ַ汾վڰڽ֯ĿռУʼߣΧ
һָоǾǰ磬Լһ߳ȥˣпܾǽΪ𣬵޷߳ȥͺпܻᱻԶ
ʵϣָоû˿
ÿĽ·̶ǲͬģַֽҲǶһ޶ģԼʹģҲûзʱ״̬Ǵ˽ıԵ
ޱߵİڣϵıãһֿռתĸоЩεġַռ֮УûκεĿꡣ
ȻʱַȴͻȻ֣Լü֮ϣͻȻһ˿ɫĹâ
˿âôɢģȴܹɫâҫǰһֱ̨ף֮ͨ·һֱ޾İ֮ӡ


21 
žҹ·㣬ûһ˿ɫǴĺڡ
ĵӰһĶˣĬĬػš
ʱ䣬Ի͹ųܱǾۼεҲн٣Ǻ⣬ȫնɱڳ⡣
ߵ¶˷ɱ֮󣬾ǽûˣҲǵ֪֮г֪ǿûбʤİ֮ǰҲǲ˰ɡ
ڴ룬˫Ŀ
Щ죬ɱʱҲһսĵı£ҲǷӳԼȫʵЩ˲Сĸһ˿ͻҲһ˿ɶ˵ļ׼ϸĵĸһ
ಣ
һӰߣһɫ
㡣
˫ۣˣЩɻʵôʲô𣿡
ûش𣬶ǽĿתһھʮ׵ĵطһ䵥ķڣһ˿ɢ
ǣϲĪַҪ
ĵ˵ͷ˵ӦǲģϢȻİǿȴͨĺ۷֮ˣӦַԼ֮
֮ÿһڵ֮ͬġʱҲжַڷɢϢǲ֮ϢǺԣϢʮֵǿкܴĿȷʵַˡ
˶ûǰԭؾȴʲôⷢ飬ȫԼɵá
ʱַ棬ʶͣƬڽӵĿռ֮С
ʱ䶼Щ޷ֱĿռУַԼҲ֪˶ãԼ̨ףʱǰģѾһƬտ
ַеǣԼİͺ࣬Ҳǲ֪ʲôʱѾתƵڵϣ·
ַɨһΧԼǰһˣڷһʽӡ
ͨһֲ֪ĲƳɣɢһ˲ϢϱһЩַû˵ȴͬӵоϢıʯʡ
һģ޵İ͸Ӱ棬ֻǿǸӰӣַ͸еһεѹ̲סҪΪΰȥ
ǣ
ַգ۾ĿԼϵǸӰתƿʱȴͻأķ֣֪ʱ˵ı󣬾ǳʮӰ
ʮӰͬãȴܹŮ׳˶֮֡ϸһЩȥԿǵĴ󲿷ʹţΨһȫ͸ģֻǵģ
ʮõӰվÿһӵвʣĪǣݵӡҵĽַɻ
ҲΪʲôȴ֪Զʮӡ似ԴҲǳǵһЩ䣬ҲᱣһЩϵĵãָӵ̤
ĵĽף̫ӡɵģȻ̫ӡĽ֮ı䣬øʺĵԣȴһЩ֮ͬġ
ַ΢΢üͻȻһԣ˵ϵʮõӰĻôӦ˭Īʮ֮һݵӡȷʵӡ似ѵǡڳɾλ֮ǰӡ似
ַһʵЩ𾪣Ȼ֪ʵʲôӣǹܣҲַ漤ѡ
ʵݵӡȷʵҪӡ似ǿĶ࣬ǿԶӰ죬һһ˵οӡ似ַڶ˲ͷųֻݵӡҪʱӡС
Ҳµӡ似޷ΪʲôıʮϢӰӡ
ַվǰһõӰӣٴصǰʱ񲻽΢΢
ҵ֮·ضйأΣѾߵһܲܰ;ϣҲһܹ˵ĻȥܸӦƴһѡ
ַˣһôǸܹϵˡ
һȻ󲽷ᶨȥûǰһоϴѹӡڽӽӲʮ׵ľʱѹƵַ
ȣ
ַһȣ˫ٴμӴһǰ岽
岽߳ҲѾþһϾٴ޷Ľ֡ΪһЩַʱԵĸоԼ˫ڲͣĴ
ꡯꡯ
ϸ΢
ַһϽжȥ˫ϵ͵һ㣬ŵϵ¡
ءһȻַѾȫļ䶯жȥɱˤ˸ͷǣȵѣлָŷԼ˫ȾѾ˫˫ѡϸһɲǣܾҪȫ۶ˡ
ҲҪȥַҲǷˡ
ʱһȻ죬ַȴԼһ飬ʱѾоõֻҪǰϱߣӦþܹ׵𾳽硣
˫۵˫ҪСĶַ࣬˫ȹѡѾ޷ó̫ʱҪǰһֱȵ컹ѡ
˫ֽӡַҪͷһƿӡΪԼһϵƣȻƿӡոͷųͱΧѹѹֱɢƿֶûг־ֱʧˡ
ַЦһʱſڵϣǾһȫˣҪ֪ѹʱ޿̲ڵġַſ˵ϣȻ˫ȱסˣܵѹҲΪͣԭʱ䳤ˣֱܱܿѹ
Ҳ˵ڳˣһڶʱ޷ϣַܾܿͻᱻѹѹ
ʱˣǲһеǰ壿
嵽Ϻѹѵͻ
᲻һֵĿ飿᲻ỹһεĻ᣿
ַ治֪ȴǵֻΨһġ
ΪļǵãԼոطʱΧֻа࣬Լ۲ʱǰƾճӺϵǸõӰԼӺǸӰʱ򣬲гʮվӱӰ
Ҳ˵һУһǹ̶ģҲпΪԼﵽĳЩΪԼôһλᣬĺпǰһҲ᳹ʧ
ȻַԼл𣬵ǿлᣬҲһݵӡĽˡ
ҪɾͨȻݺ磬ȴûпֵܵס󣬵ҲǶ죬๶Ӳдһѡ£һĿѣⶼɲˣԺôԿ
ַ뵽ٴαüᶨһ̣һУ˫Ⱥ˫ͬʱѶᶨǰȥ
ףףס
ھӻв׵ʱַ˫ڲظ˫˫Ρ
ĹڼžĻַδʹϵ˫˫ۺɵǰš
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ַ˻ţ·һһþȫŤӵ±ߣһֻֽӴһʱͻȻϵѹһȫʧˡ
ڡɹˡ
ַڴϢţ¼۵ѣļ⼸лص˺ѡ
ûڴʱϢһֱ档
ѾϵͬʱԭǸӰͻȻһַڡ
һصʼַͬʱַݵӡҲǷʵı仯˵ǰݵӡַʹ˵似Ļôڵݵӡɸʺַ棬ȫַģַΪϵӡ似
ʱַһָоǾԼһһӵݵӡЧʩչˡ
ڵַҲףӦþԼе֮ˡ
µڱͷųһ˿˿ڰ뵽ַڡ
ֻЩʺգҪַĽһ㣬ƴЩ֮Կ
ǣַ΢΢ͷµӡ
ͨɫ֪ʲôʶַԸоõֺɫĲӦԼģЩڰ֤
ڰַַ֮ڿʼģ˫ƾУ֮ȻϿҪȺڰ֮ҪһЩΪԭ򣬷Ǵ·硣
ȻʱλӺ󷽣һֱվǣһʮӰͻȻͬʱˡ
ʮʮǿͬʱӿַڣݵѹס˺ڰͬʱҲʱַ
ˢ
ˢ
Լٶַصһ˲䣬ַʵõ˷ĸơ
ȴø̰Ҫõ˼ʵĸоͻˡַݺݵս˫ȭΧӿڵ֮ƿһĸо
ͬʱҲͬʱ֣ոǹͻȻÿһ˲ɢԻ͹ųǵϿգżԶĵطɢ˳ȥ


22 ϵͳжɿ
Ի͹ųǱ࣬ңԶĵطһʮӴפء
ΪųгĹϵЩֹͣ˶ԻԻ͹ųǵĹתǼϵߴڵѾǧеĸߵͶҲǳ˰˰ٸ
ôӴһеȻҲǲٵģԭפΧ֮⣬⼸⣬쫷ҲǰֹһΣΪΪһˣһǶʧĳɵ꣬Ѿ׳ЩѱѵǰΪ˶Կ壬ǴһЩѶϢ֪ǣĴԼʵ
ļᣬ˶ڿʼԻ͹ųǽ
԰Ƶսʿÿһǽϵʵͬʱ߻Ƭؼ䣬ɲʱɳʯؼһƬ볾
ʱԶַˣȴ˿ûиоս
ַ˳Ľ׵𼶱ΧİȫʧֻʣǰѺɫԼʮõӰ
һַͣΪԺ֮УѾûгֹϵͳʾȻٴ
ɾַ֮ĸѾõǿڳϵͳҲһµ֪
֣ϵͳĿƼȻϵͳоƬȷǻһЩƼ֮ڣַڵʵҲ޷ֱоƬ̺֮ĵʲô
Σϲ𼶱˳ϵͳռһƷԼ³ɹĽҺ䷽
ΣѾгϵͳŻϵͳΪš
Σϵͳжء
Σϵͳжϣֲ鿴
һʾַĶַ΢΢һ㶣磬ֱϵͳŻǰ
ոոоַ׳ɹҪ뷿䣬÷ַ뵽֮ڣһ£ַȻǽΪʱѾûа취ǿдַķˡ
УǰַȱǿŻͽŻѾ˿״̬
ַûȽŻ֮УΪԭ̣Ǹ齱ϣʱͼѾȫʧֻʣһŷһͼꡣ
ͼϵֻͼ꣬Ҳǵʼ֮ͣȻģͬǸ˵ĸоһ۾ܹһżԡ
ַףӦþϵͳжϺ˵Ĳˡ
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ã𾴵ǳϵͳߡ˷塣
һ̫ҪѾûʱ䣬ҵķѾǵĿֻţǺһһڣҺܿǴĴڣʮΧ׷½أܹʵ˱ӡ
û˵ЩʱʵҲŸոմ׷ɱѣҺңܹԲһȻһкܶ໰Ҫ˵ȴûʱˣΪһиҪҪϵͳѾƣеһЩҪЩӡ似Ҫ뵽ϵͳ֮УϵƷԼϵͳ趨ȵȵȵȡ
ʱ䣬ҪȫƳϵͳȻûܹԼΪ𣬵ϣҵķܹΪһʢ
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򵥵һó˷ѾʮֵʱֶЩ
ַһڳϵͳ˵ϢȻֻһȴҲ͸¶˲ٵϢ
һ۷ʿȻҪʮ׷ɱɼʱ˷ʵҲǼǿˣΪûгɾʼ޷ĶԿռϷ硣Ƽͬʱִ۷壬˷һš
Ȼţȴزˡ
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ת˵ŻƷڡ
УڵжǸͬеƷҲҪٵĶࡣ
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ɵ
ÿһ඼ʮƷд󲿷ֶһЩûʲôģֻڵͼʿõĶӦ˷ƵСֻΪļƷϱɢַ涼еȡ
ַ潫⼸˵Ʒһȡ˳ϸ鿴ϱµĽܣЩƷǴԶʱģ˷ʱѼģԸмɱ
ַ濴оȣȴҲû̫⣬ЩȻǿ󣬵ǶѾɾԼ˵Ҳôֵˡ
⼸޴Ʒȡ˳Ȼһȥ
ַʵڵƷûбʲôϣϾ˷Լûн׵һڣôԼĶƷء
ʵַ߽źҲȷʵûзʲô߼ĶֻһЩͨĽҺǿҺԼӦ䷽ֻܹͨ˽󽫾ѡ
ǵַߵŵλãȴǱеһƷסˡ
һѪ
ǵģȻһѪô󣬵ַһ۾϶ʱһѪ
һѪһʮֺϣַǡֲ֪Ͻֲ֮ƳɵǿڲγһԱ仯Ŀռġ
Ҳ˵һѪСʵʵĴСܻ󵽿ֲ
ʲôĴڵѪҺַĸеˡ
Ҫ֪֮ȫһռ䣬ֻҪκϵѪҺװ֮УȻܹɢһ˿˿Ȼʮֵϸ΢ϸӦǱˣֻһѪҺѵһѪҺ̺֮Ҫһ
ʵֲ̫ˡ
ַ˹ȥ֮·һЩֽܡ
֮Ѫɴսʱڣ֮ǰѪΪӡһλ̺ܡע1Ϊڲ֪һ֮Ѫ˲õʮѪӡҲǱƻһ֣˶գˡ2ʷϼأ֮ѪʮΣʮοӵнɵҪ࣬ȼʮѪҺ
Щֵ·һŵͼʮλڵͼ·дʮѪӡƲͼҸַ棬ƲͼкܴĿܽӽʵϣֲܹһԼС


23 
ƲͼַĲˣǳɵȻֻһ˿ܣҪ֪ϵʷ֮УҲͳһ˰
ֻһˣǽ췭ظȫ䣬ֻʣһӲд󱻷ӡֱ꣬ڱ˷ȡһ֮Ѫһ˿ѵĿܡ
˵ɴսһ֮ԿŴһƴĶԷȫ𣬿֪ɵжǿˡ
ǾԵ޵Уǿû֮һ
ַֻһ˿ɵϢԸӣǵʱ˷Ļƾ֪ѪҺȡߺкܴܻųַҲֱȡߵġ
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Ȼ˵ڸܵѪҺϵʱַƵƲ⣬ֱڣѾȷѪҺַȴһֲŵĸоˡ
úõĽѪҺַǴһ˳
󣬱ֱ˷磬˷֮С
ַ棬ˣô׵𣿡
ַһ֣һֱȴе㼱ٵ˳
ַ濴һֶۣԱߵĵ˵ͷЦЦشˣҲҪˡ
ǵȻҲһ˷ܣַɾ𣬾͵Ҳһ
ԴˣַֻЦЦʱѾ˻ʼǽϵͳеĶȫȡʺǵˡ
Ҫ֪ϵͳ֮УеĶ˷ռģȻеһЩƷӡ似ռһֻһʹãǻдĶǿظʹõġ
츳似Ĵ󲿷ֶһϢѣʹöûйϵнҩ䷽ַ֮ԼҩˡЩҩȻַЩ˵ѾȫûˣǱˣڵ޵Ǳߣ˻ǲ㽫ġ
˵ڵʻǺܲģЩҺ䷽ϲϡУôкܴôġ
ַ֪ʱܲ࣬ϾҪдսˣս뵽ֽ׶ΣôһΪʣҲ͵һΪṩ˳ĺҲǿЩƴء
ҲҪһ㣬ַڳɾ֮󣬱ֻʣݵӡһӡ似ˣӡ似Ƕݵӡַ⣬֮
ҪĶųɾıַȻǲ˵ģԻҪһ˵򣬽Щӡ似ԼļλޡѾ𼶱صͨˡ
ַ֮ʵ̫ҪұЩȥʱȥѰʮѪҺΪ߱׼
һϼңĻһ֮ھܹȽˡַ˵
İɡĿϣַҲǱȶ˿ࡣ
õĵĴ𸴣ַͣճǵķȥ
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˺ѿռ֮ţַ㿪ʼʱ·ԭ·ػȥ
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紫󡭡ΧǾŲ㡭Χһ㴫󡭡
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һԨ·ַԽһСʱʱַ˿޵ǵԨ·ڴ
磬ַٶȸǳԽʱյơ
ַڵΪѾԼˣȻݻѾȹ̣ȵַҪڶʱڴӿ޵ǽٵҲҪô
ûоκˣַĵ˵ϡ
ʱĵѾ췭ظı仯Ϊʯԭ򣬴ʱĵԪ浽һֲĳ̶ȣΧеĴ󲿷ֵطûеԪ棬ҲֻΧǾŲᲢۡ
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ոڱĿУʵϣַ뿪֮˵ľʱ䶼ϣʱѾǴﵽƽڣֻΪո̤磬δȹʱûȥԨ·ѡ
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ҹһЩҲǹЦգַ뿪Щҹ·ǻص˴ǰѾûЦˡ
ַҲζӳ£ŷؾ۵ۣΣһʱҲ˵
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һƵʻСزҹҲ˶䡣
ַһЦǵҲǺѾɾ֮ǰӦûʲôܹвˡ
ַ尲οһŮȻ˵ǿռݺܴƣʵֻʱ⡣ԣҪһҪһЩŬ
ַĻһƵ˶Ǳʾܹ⣬Լ˼縺ʲôʹ֪ģʱֻΪַе
ַɾŮ˶һȻַĽٶһֱô죬Ҳֲˡ
ȻûдǱ׼ʲôʱǿ籩ַ꣬Ҳû̫ʱλ´棬ַҪŮģʱһЩŵرǿЩܸõӡ似
Ҳûж˵ʲôַǽӡƿӡɱ¾ӢӡֱСزһƺҹ
ηʨӡַǽ͸Լ࣬ηʨӡһһַӡ似Ƿˡ
ûоκˣַһλĵ쵼ˣҺǿҺ䷽Ҳ˹ȥЩȻ𲻸ߣǶڵĵ˵Щôġ


24 ս
ɽѹֵϢվڻԻ͹ųǵĳǽ֮ϣǰļڱصĺɫвɫ
ַŸߣЩζˣǸòõİɣ
ţһ顣
ûдﵽ𾳽磬ǲ㣬ǰôͬʱϮܵѹʮ־޴ġ
ģȻҲǴأȴû̫ηߵǵɫǸڼβھʧս»ʤһܽҪﶼ
УҪﵱȻֻҲԼЩֻǱ⼸˵ĻӦҲʲô¡
ʵϣĲ֪ε֮УŶʮ
ȻϣһпͬʱԿʮģǱˣͬˣʵϵĲʱҲǾ޴ģԵֶԱһ˵սҲر׼ȷ
ҰĺɫڻƺڶˣľԽԽӽ𺳵ĸоԽԽ
ʱַŸոսԼӵеĽҺһЩϡ
ַ棬Ϳʼȥ𣿡һվַԱߣĿŻ쵼ȥŶߵַʵ
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ַȻԼӵ˼ոջҪ뿪ȻǴһȥɲô˵ڣкһ˵ַҲһЩ
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û̫һƣСزҹǺƽģʱֻѡַ֧һС
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ѪԾ
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ĳݣһֱԱߵ̾˿ҹȥһ°ɣܿͻġ
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İɣֻ΢ǻһѹܿͻġĿڰο
СȻΪ㣬һֱİսһϣԼñԼóսûĿ϶ĵз·ҲǻЩ̤ʵ
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ţҲһһԲԼĿʮֵĻҡ
Ҳܷʵĸԭ֮һλǻӣȫ밴Լ־жѴһ£ֱҲûзһرǿĻɱģԻ͹ųǿ϶ͱ˵ġ
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ΪճǾԻ͹ų̫ԶַֻܴԵĸоЩϢ£ĳ˻ĳˡ
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ҳѪţ̫ˣҸеԼøǿ׳ˡ
һսʿ嵽սĳ·ƷɢĵһѪҺʱϲ
սʿĺҲǿӵų˹ҲƷһѪҺζǾʱͻȻֳһֻ޴ƣȻ͵ذ¡
ء
ĵһ
һ֮ѿ϶벻Զǧսʿһ±õڵءҪ֪Щսʿ֮УͼҲǽ𵤼𣬾޴֮վ
ıԷ𼯻𹥻Ҫ޳һҪһеĳȥҪȥ鿴һĵơǾʱȴͻȻĽµôһֻӡ˲
ַ档
߾ķ򣬸߸ߵ֮ϣһӰȻսǣ·һڸĽɽ


25 ɱ
˵ոĳִĹսʿǵʿôַĳǽ߸ոնʧʿһŤת˹
Ͼһֱַ涼ߵľ䣬ɾ𣬱ַ滹ҪǿʱҲɶַ
ȻҲǸĵĲԴǺԽӴйء
ǲô˵ַߵҪǲԶġ
ַĳֱ֣סʮ𣬵·սʿȴûʶַĳֻʲôǴʱʿɸ߰Ҳ·־Ҳη塣
ǽţһ޴ɽȴֱӽǵĶ־һ顣
ءһ
·ѹսʿϣһȸոַһ֮˺ֹ򱶣
ַ𣬺ɽȻҲǲϵͬʱ׳𼶵ķ޴ĺɽ𼶵ַʹʱ˲ֹٱһͻɱսʿ
ȻԻ͹ųǻҪ޴ĺɽ𣬼ûͣģѸٵٴ䡣
صڶеŶҵľս
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ѾݻٵĲӣÿһκɽ£гƬսʿʧʬǶֱѹ˿ʧ
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⻹Ϊڴ󲿷ֵսʿʿսַ˵Լˣûж֡
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ַĿɨʮǸеһıһ
ȵǷӦŸŽ
һѣʲôµģǸողŻһһҲһ
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ΪոԼĺ˶еŭʱΪŭѹ˶ַոΪľ¡
ַոһУͲΪöԷ£ǵҪɱЩѣʱ¶ԷֱǰĹԼ¶Էսء
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һӣŵ˲䷢һƾʽֱһ˹ȥ
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ոռʶɽӲϽתҪߡ
ʱȴǾķ֣Լ徹ǱһĪԭء
һ¿ܾСȻҲûлЩʲôɲ֮䣬ɽѾײϡ
ۡһ
Ǹɴģ㱻ɽײ˷顣
ѪⲢûзȥԶǱɽ֮ɢһ˿˻ճںɽ֮ϣƬ̱Ǳյһɶ
ˡ
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ഫɴսɾƾɽܡֻɽʱ̣ôֻ֣
Щɵˣһʱάȡ
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ʱǺˣ·սʿǶˣֱӷͷ߸롣
ߣڲߣѾˡ
ַһ˫ְڳһӡǣʮָ΢ͬʱǰһ
ˢˢˢˢˢˢ
һʮõӰַָ۶õ·ϣÿһӰϣǴһ˿Ϣ
ôܣôô𣿡һ㱻ɵҪƹǰ𡯡
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ַֻһ̧֣ɽǼײ˹ȥ
ַĿ£ɽȫԷӳٶȿ磬ߣǱ
ĸ
ַֻǵһ֣תһͷųɽ


߸
һɱַջغɽ
ʱȴѾܵЩԶˡ
ȥɱǡ
ַһָǰڷͷ𣬶ʮӰ
ʱ䣬ʮӰֳ飬ߵ׷ȥ
ַݵӡڽҲǷʱ䣬ʱݵӡٻʮӵ൱ȫһ֮ӰַҲȷݵӡӦȷʵɵ괲µӡ似ΪʮӰÿһӵһӡ似ȴݵӡ
̫ӡ
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ηʨӡ
ɱ¾Ӣӡ
ƿӡ
Էӡ
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ʮӡ似ƫƵľƿӡڷصĲӡͽӡҲİԷӡħӡԼĽӡ似
Щӡɱʧȥ־Ҳ̫ѵ¡
ɽ
սʿۼ𶼱ɱİӣǾ͸ûмȥ
һĺУʿϵ׷ɱ£ʮƵսʿǸ˴ȥصʬ塣
ʤˣǻˡ
ΣҪ壬ȫҪɱɾ
Ӯˣַ꣬ꡣ
Ի͹ųУǰĻС۳һ䣬ַ꣬ꡣ죬òϢ
սˣַһʱΪˡ
ս֮Уַֻǽʱս˷֮УͬڷеĺһʹþƿӡΪ򵥵ơ
ȻƿӡЧΪǿ󣬵ǺһƵʵȴǲԽȫͷųַ潫ӡ似һ£ԺһƵʵ޷ʹó
ʱַȻΪˡ
ݵӡеľƿȻֻһȫͷżܵĻᣬǾȴ㹻ˡ
˹ڿٵĻָš
ַ潫һƵ˴ӷ֮з˳ΪһһȻԻ͹ųеҪ


26 ӡ֮
ɨս֮󣬻Ի͹ųǾһ׷ᣬһ칦ᣬһЩڴ˴δսб۵ʿ
Щ鿴ЩʱˣȷʵսزٵģΪЩòսʿǸоԼҲ˻ԼҾϵĹҲһϿɵãЩƴʿΪԼȫĸǵõ϶ġ
ַȴûвμЩ
ЩҪַ滹иҪȥ顣
ԽԽ࣬ߵѹҲԽԽ󣬶ңѾΪ֣ѾǶ֣ԣҾһΣ˵ĻʹҲϣܻȥ
ʼ֮ǰַԻԻ͹ųǵ˵
ҪģȻȥѰ֮ѪֻҪܹʮ֮ѪռôַҲٴλɱĿܡ
ֻǣ˷ʮѪӡλȴǾԻ͹ųЩԶҲһ׼ȷַȥ֪Ҫʱܻ
ѾָҾһսҲһ˿ĸоʿҲ˺üﵽ˷˫޵ĺ۷壬ӵ˽Ļ
ַ滨Ѱʱ䣬ΪЩ˳ֵķЩԺսУӦÿԷǰʵ
գǶģ
ʵ֮У󲿷ֵĵطȻͬģֻǳؽƬΪԪ֮ԣԲŻֳһƬľ
־Ҳ˵žټԪ֮ʮַڷе򣬾ѾһƬȫİ
˵ϵĿѾʧˡԣĻ֮УǶǿȫķӳԼʵΪǱ֮֮кһֶصں϶ɣ֮κһҪǿ
˭ҴһأסȻһ࡭𣡡
ӷַ棬ַӽһƽɷ飬ֻһ仰ʱ䡣
һĺѲսʿոշӦѾûٴηӦĻᡣ
ɽֱַӽͶһľۼأʱһ嶼ΪƽأеһҲûӹһ
ĳַһ·Ѿ˶ΣЩ岻вǣǶǻΪģЩҲΪԼ˼һЩѹ
ַһ·ѰѪҺһ·ϲϵĸһۼء
ȻЩСģû幹в壬ַҲûʱ˷ѵģֱӾԽ˹ȥ

תۼ䣬һȥˡ
Ի͹ųǵĳǽѾΣÿһζ޽
еʿҲһһʿǱǰࡣ
ַߺһºɾһһͨĴ֮ţԴȹ
ʱ䣬ΧǺ֮УÿдﵽڵʿֱӸԻ͹ųǣս
һʱ䣬߷ı仯ʵ̫ˡ
Χǵİ˴ȥ֮󣬰ԷӡȴûʧȥУԭȵĸǵִѽΣȻҲжڴȥӦԵĴֻΪ֮ЩҲһֱҪʱϣֱٴδʡ
֮У˾ֻһ֮ң
ǷֱͽӡӡԼħӡ
ԭӡһֱǴ֮УֱųǴУһطĹųҲݣʿӵӡ似ʿȴ漣ĴԼǵʿϵ˻Ի͹ųǡ
˵һ߼еĳ˿ڶе˻Ի͹ų֮С
ٵľ෴ʿϽͬʱͬҲһЩǺܺõ鷢
һƣҹСزˣΪַ洫иǵӡ似һ͵Ϯ
нڣȻܵ˿˺͵Ϯ֮ȫɱˡ
֮⣬һΪ⡣
ǾǣԽԽӴˣϢҲԽԽƵĴһʱҪƱã´ˡ
ʱһף֮ңľ޴Ԩ֮£ַǾվһԨðɽ֮ϡ
ɽͨ巢ڣ嶥֮ϣŷ·ѪȪһĺɫۼѶ£ַĺɽһģһ
ʱַĸоõɽ֮£һΪֲĴڲϵ˻𣬷·һͷе޼ϲá


27 ں֮Ѫ
һʱ䣬ַ水˷µĵͼѰ֮ѪѣΧɱڼʮѪҺ
ǣѪҺַ֮ŷ֣ԼڵʵûںϵЩ֮ѪΪЩ֮Ѫ̺ʵ̫޴ˣֻһΣҲԶԶַܳܵĽޡ
ӡڡ
໥ִҲܹѹƵ֮ѪܣֻҪʱ㹻ĻӦÿԽЩ֮Ѫںϡַ
ںɽ֮ϣַеߵѹޱȾ޴⻹ΪźɽѹƵĽûкɽַ²Լºѹ̹֮Ȼվ
Щˣȫգһоȫˡ
ַɫϾʮѪҺѾջأɵķӡѾȥһ룬ֻʣºɽѹӦѹƲסģһգôӳɽѹֻʱ⡣
ϥںɽ嶥ַȡһ֮Ѫ
֮ƿ֮У֮Ѫ·һҺ̬ĺ챦ʯɢžӨĹ
ֳַɵһ֮ƿƿڴȻһֻǡһ֮ƿһ±Ǳһӡ
һɿϵϢƿпӿֱӲ㽫ַ涥ɳȥʱϢҲһӿ·һ㣬ĴӺɽ֮·ӿַѹƹȥ
ַ汻ȻеΪѣٻǳ
ûʱȴַֻһΣһֱһƿץ˽ȥ
֮ƿһĿռ䣬ַһץȥҲ˿ռ֮ڽƿ֮һֱŴ󵽷Բȫ֮Ѫǹ
ţһѪҺ֮е̺˶
ַǱˣһʼֻƿоһ˿֮ѪǸоѪҺеԼҪǿʵӴַ֮ŷԼǰС֮Ѫ
ţϵºĵһ޵дڣһ֮ԿɱһˣһѪҺҲԲܱġ
ַĻηǲǿںЩѪҺǽһһƿڷ򣬽һһȻʼ
ǼΪġ
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һ֮Ѫַ潫һʱ䣬㳹ںϡ
ʱַ棬Ѫһ𺳵Կصɢ
ûмںϵڶѪҺΪµĸоǣһ֮ѪɣԼΪܲס
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һѪҺ֧֣֮ѪַųҲСһЩַں֮Ѫ࣬ͬʱյϢҲԽԽˣַһʱ޵ķ·һżһ˿˿ַ֮治ЩɻĪҲ̬ͬ
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Ȼһں֮Ѫʱ϶ӳȴǹܲôˣһԻ͹ųǱи⣬һоͶˡ
ַվʱ壬ǰûں֮ѪʱѾǿ̫̫ࡣ
Ǳϵı仯ϸ˵ڵַ棬ѾһЩ˵ʡϾЩ֮Ѫ˵ѪڣһξԽһֱͨתΪ𣬸οڵַһںΡ
ʵѾǳԽľ磬λ֮䣬Ӧ֮ϻеĵһˡ
һַӰԨ߾
һʮվʲôͻȻͿһӰû׵ĳԼǰ
Ƕ𾳽磬󲻳£˵ÿ˶޵еĴڣô˽Ǹо˼飬Ƿ˾ʱֲ˼ֱӱ˽
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ʱ󱻷ӡ֮صΧһһضĹע֮£ɱһ𣬶ԺǰõԻкܴİ
ңԼжʮ𣬶ԷֻһˣǿҲͬʱԿԼߵȺɡ
ʮֻǻһۣͬʱȷ˽ж
ֻǻûü֣ͿǰַѾԼ֣ôƽٹͷȻǰ͵һ
أ
һ޴ӡԷֱٶ۳ͣ͵ȺС
ЩѾӦ죬ǻΪٶѹֻӡ֮¡
ȻԶ׼ġ
ַһɱڵһʱս˷磬Ѫⱻɽܿһ
ֻһƣǱ㷢ַ治ǿеġʱﻹῼǱ飬ɢӡַѾ֣ǲѡ
Щɱ࣬ʱĴ㣬ǧȺһһʱɱ磬Щˣַɱ˿ûѹһЩС
رǰЩеǣÿһɼΣɱǣڼӾʿ
ݵӡʩչʮӰֱһ׷ȥ
ҲΪַ֮Ѫԭ򣬴ʱʮӰǱǰʵһЩڵ֮ҲǶ˲٣ͷӡ似ˡ
ַͷųʮӰҲͬʱ֣׷ȥ


28 
ʱ䣬նڷսĻԻ͹ų˵ʵǼΪġ
УʿǼ˸飬ַһЩʿоų˻Ի͹ųǵĳǽ֮⣬Ȼ˵Ƕưֻܵʣ²˸ߵЩʯǳǽĻ
֮УҲʿͻĽޣﵽһߵĳɾ͡
ʱԻ͹ų֮УŴһΧһԲܣ̸żһսĶԲߡ
ʱ䣬һƺСزҹҲǵõ˼ĳɳĺ˵ıȻҲܹһЩΣգվ˳ĳɾټӵӡ似Ҳ˳Ľ֮λߵʵЩһֱһȽϲ״̬
ʮѾѹһС
ǲҪǣಢֻʮڣΪ˱Ի͹ųǣʮҲȥˣڵʮλλǺõӡ似н
ԽԽˣؼĸߵҲۼ˹ڳЩսʿȫǴﵽ˷۷Ϊ¶Ĵսǵ˽ܲء
ԲףֵλϣΪ
ʵϣԻ͹ųѾμֿܵĽջԻ͹ųɴڣҳеʿҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿˡ
죬Ȼܿٴӭһսʮ𣬰±ߵЩʿǣҲû̫ŻߵģΪѾѹѹȵľˡ
ųߣŰҹתʱɫѾڣܵĺɱҲǽ
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һƽ㣬˵ַôöûϢ᲻ǡ
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Сزûжܣһƹһ±ӣǿЦ˵˺һƵĻ
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ǱߺҪܶ𶼼Ҫпߡ
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ôģսټϸȺ֮䱾ͲôЭʱַĽֱӽǵʿѹЩսʿǶʱһɢȫҪźʿʢʿһ󷴻
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ʱȣַûֱͣŶԷķȥ
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29 ս
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30 
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ƿЩȶ
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ǣַڵ֮ѪֻǲںΣҾȫںϣܷΪɻδ֪֮ڸգַûʲôԻʤ
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31 ɽ
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32 ѹ
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ĿǣֱԶ֮ûпַĶ΢΢


34 ɣ֣
ʱʱѾȥһ룬ַͺɽǵϿգʱ֮ܽ֡ڸ忪ʼܲסּ尾ٵĶ飬ޱߵĿҰзȥ
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