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ѧԺ ߣ߳

ݼ飺
һѧԺǽ书طܣͨ
ѧԺʦҲһʦԴڸС˵ԼӰλ쵱
㣺ӵĸڡ
Ҷӻ˭Ҳס
СٻѡҵĿΣſɲУͶӻϵ
ǧۣѧҵı죬͸Ŷ
߸Ͽ֮ǰȸҽһҸ⻹ĸ޹ǻĹ¡

ΪһѧԺǵĿںǻ㼯¾ѧྫӢ
֮Уҿδ쳬ѧԺɾǿԺ





1 ϲ㣬̳һѧԺ
һСʱ֮ǰ˺˵ԸԸͻʵ֡
ǾԻᵱǷƨ
ڣȴòţΪԸʵˡ
ǵԸȲ˵
ȰʱݵСʱǰ
ǣԱУŮʮ꣬ѧԺĴѧ
Ϊ͵꣬ҲǱַ֣²£˺ͺ̤̤ʵʵ
ǣЩȴƫƫֵͷϡ
㶼㲻
ʲôأ
ʵܼ򵥣һǼƵԱߵĳְڽӰʱ򣬺Ȼյ˰໨Сȵ绰˵˴˸ڵľƵ꣬ϣȥ
С
ǿǰﲻѧˣֻǴŮһ߰û۵ˡ
ˣǺͻСʶĺ磬ΪǶ԰أѧʱ򣬸һġѧ֮һֱ˴˽ĶǺܶ࣬ǶԻСǲ˽⡣
Ůȣһ硣
Ǳ˸ǿǵȾ϶ǻƻ˶ˣҧҧһֱƵȥ
һӢ۾ǵǽȥ֮ȴȫɵˡ
ĻСһץסʼ˺·ﻹǿ顢֮Ļ
⻭ȫԣѵǴ򿪵ķʽԣ
ǻûиôµʱֽһģΪ׵ĺȻѧԺԺĶա
Ƕʱɫһ䣬ѧԺʱգȻǸԺĶӣÿҲ٣˻ǮִŹˣжǮҲģһﾭһЩѧ֡𰸣թͬѧ׬㻨ǮٲȻѧԺһԡ
ʦǲܣѧ£ҲԽԽ󵨡

ƺˣֻƺЩ
˭뵽Ŀеˣ߰ޱȵİ໨СȻչһ顣
ˣǾ͸ϽǮɣ˵ûǮְ֪ٴ飬ٺ١˵ź̹Ȼ˴ϣץסСķݺݵһ󣬡Сˣһúý㡣
ո磬ûСֵ˹ͷ档
ǿԹŮݺԼҾȻԼǰ˵Ūɧ̵סһ쵰Ӵǡ
ͻȻȥһȻǴ˱ӡ
ѪղȻŭ
շԸԱĹȣȥץסǣһٵȭߡ
Ҳһͨˣץס֮󣬸ֻڵϣֱȵ˴ֶˣǽ
飬
˵ǼƵ꣬ſǸΪļأǸһ֤ݶûС
Է֤֤ڣҪǲǮǾֻȥΡ
ǲǱԩģ˭ֻ͡ƾյϰѧԺĸԺҲ϶ԸյĻ
Ȼŭޱȣ뵽ĸĸֻҧԼְǮա
ȥΣøĸΪԼġ
մﳤȥСǳɱ˵ĶˡŭǣصѧԺʱ򣬷˿񶼱ˡһʲ֪ԭհѧԺ
ö
ﲻ֪նȸ״ھ˵ʵ飬Ҳûš
ǲһ˿ᡣ
ͬѧȻѾյĻַĻǴĿеŮȫǷŭ
ƽʱͦʵģԭ޲硣
ǿδ죬ҲӦñץȥ
쵰ôѧԺǿҪѧԺ

ڶѧıӣԼյĻ£ֻ˲һСʱǾյѧԺȰ֪ͨ顣
ѧԺǲܴˣȻº۵ѧʲôµ顣
ûǮɴһܵѧУĴɽȴպһҹ
ɽߣƽĵط죬ÿв¶ӪбѲߣҲǰȫ
ϰ˵㣬Ѿ͸
ǴŵЩ䣬ǻ˵Ļȴŭ
ƾʲô㣬ΪҰǸԺԺ£ѧԺҰ˵㡣
ߣѧУ棬˭˭ûǮˣļ־͸ùԹ԰Ǯ͸ҡĻҲиðְ
СôǰŮ񣬿ֻҪѧȻĻϲҵ

ϣǻ
ɽϵ˶ǿˡ
ǣԸϹ
ǣҪΪ̣ҵԸʵְɣ
ϹԸ˵Ͳˡ
˸߲ң׷Ը
ͷǺһȺ׳գԸԸʵ֣ԸҪԺģΨһ֡
Χ˶ǵĺУֲм
ҪһеŮȻԺϲ㣬Ը棬̳һѧԺΪѧԺΨһԺ
˭˵

ȫһ飬һ̾Ϳųβ͵ǣȻըһɫâһ㳯˹
䣡
ɫâֱǣȻû֪
ʱѾʮ֮ǰ
Ժ棬ȴǶһ󴮵ϢЩϢ֮õһŵĴ𰸡
ĵõһѧԺ
ңѧԺΨһԺԺ
ѧԺƺЩ⣬׵ѧԺһѧԺ
ԺѧԺ
Ժ֮еǸŮ˵ΪѧԺԺԵõƷ
һԺݵԺȨȡ
һ׳ĳյһϵĻʹڡʹ룬̶ˣǶһöɫʯȨֲһĨɫܷìܵȨϵõںϡ
ƽʱԺȨȲ¶Σһָϡ
ؼʱԺȨȻԱ
ⲢԺȨȵȫԣһ޵ʱ䣨ʵһ󾳽磬ÿһΡ츳⣨DΪCΪһ㣬BΪãAΪ㣬SΪţS+Ϊ
ڶƷϵͳ͵һ￨ơ
￨ﻭ񣬱һݼ򵥵˵
ǵõ￨滭һɫɮ۵ɮˣʮ겻âЬްڲ֮ͬɷб¡Ƶıдţ
Ħ
ԣ˲
ʵż
ӵѧȭƷȷ浶С๦׽
ӵмܣļ弶
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺĻѧʦģѡ޿Σʦ𷨣ѡ޿Σʦ
пС˵ԼӰƷ׽ɫԺЩѧԺְʦϵͳ涨Իõͬڿһѧ߼ΪΪ״οϵͳõǰͿѧͼܡŮ
ǶѾûô𾪡
ԼӦǼ̳һԳ֮ΪϵͳĶŮϵͳģ
ԻõǰͿѧͼܣ̫ˡ̲ס𾭺Ͳ֮ļܣûɶô׽С๦ǿɶ˲ѧֱ̫ˡϸȥĦӵѧʱȴüͷĦֻ⼸ѧô
˲ⲿƷĦǵȷֻ⼸ѧ
ҼǵĦǻʮ
Ǹ˲ⲿƷ棬ĦֻС๦ģʮʽвûȷĵطдĦǻκһʮ
ðɡЩΡ
⣬ǰ츳ΪCϵͳ츳S+Ů
S+ǲ߼𣬻бߵô
ûУS츳ʹļޣ޷ٸߡһϣSġ
ǵ˵ͷ˽⡣
û˿׼ʱϵͳǱֻеȻ⵽ǰ״̬ãʼ츳죬ͬʱѧͼܴ䣡
ʹ໴ã㣡


2 
ϵͳǵʹֻ࣬ǰĸǸ츳
ĲݴУһŭ
еôңĻǿš
꣬Ȼв氮ˡ
ϹǸеڹʲô
䰡

һֱ˰Сʱ۵ȥȥ
ˡ
һְֻŲݵأѵվʼ磬һԼоȫÿһطһˣǱǴµЩҲʧˡٺ٣⼡⣬Ƥˬ
Ժ档
ȭȷƷ浶С๦׽һһĳ֡
ĦǹЩѧѾһ˿ı̳ˡ
Ψһȱľˡ
̵ģ˲ֵըĸоҸоԼһȭţȭͷʮֵ㣬ϵͳʲôʵ
츳ʱҲʣϵͳ
ȻЩ㲻
ϵͳ趨ľ绮֣ΪԪÿһַΪżһ׶εֻڴĥﵽżӵоŰٽ۳ӵǧ֮ϵͳ͵
ǧ֮ȫǴʿˡ
˵ĦżҸһ󾳽绹࣬ǶǿҺȣȫǶֵĸϽšʦԺҪǹᱻŰɣǲ޶񶾵š
ѧԺʦѧԺǩԼ൱˵ƸúͬͨԼԷĵĹǡϵͳǵĵģΪڻûнѧԺϵĽʦ޷פѧԺԼҲʱ޷ǩ
Լһʣؼϵͳ˵ĽѧԺô£
̳еѧԺڵڵĿռ䣬νĽѧԺôȿռѧԺ͵ӵһ𡣵ѧԺֻ֮ҪһͿÿʵ֡ѧԺϵͳСϵͳ˵š
񣿡
ǵģϵͳġһϸԺôûѧȥѧɣҪѧ츳õCѧԺһŶǼ￨ơ
жѡ
һûʱơ
ѧ츳ֻǲCӦúܺҡ
ǸǼ￨ƣϵͳָǽһǼ￨ƣӦٻʵһǼӦǼӦǼӦԪϸĦһĦǵ￨ƣȻϽǿǡ
˽Щ֮ϵͳָѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
ֻѧԸ¼ȡ֪ͨǩ֣¼ȡŻЧϵͳǡ
סǴһ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ֻдţXXXѧԺѡΣѾѧԺXXX¼ȡЯ¼ȡ֪ͨ鵽ѧԺ¼ȡѧǩȷϣXXXʱXXXա
ǹۿ¼ȡ֪ͨ̽ģ𾪣Ҫˣֵ顣
һӣ¼ȡ֪ͨʧ
ϵͳЩЯϵͳΪš
Ѿ˴䣬Ӧĺܿ졣Ǵϣ޷ȥѧҲȰѹС๦׽ʼ书Ǻܸߵȼڹķ׽ʺϳѧߡ
׽ޣδܻ֮ǰеĶƪһʮƵĶ嶯ȴǳ¡ȫ̳ĦǶ׽Ȼûʲô⡣
ֻһϣʵȻ߼
ô׾һٽ׽S+츳ǿźճһĳɽ¡׸ߵĴɽֻӾ͵ɽףǰȫǲ顣
ȻһѧԺǱˣҲҪʰһ¡ţľҲ˺ֲܶ࣬ܵҲһĥ£ôˣлᣬպͻСǼ˺ÿ
ѧԺ档
󲿷ѧû𴲡
ѧԺֻһԺУɢ첻ȥϿΣҲ˹㡣ǻصѧԺʱ򣬻ûʲôˡĴţѶ˯
Ѷ۾
ֱתͷװûѡ
Ƕ˲ðסһˣҲûжٸ顣
Ǹ磬ˡСɴӴΪ˱ȽʵǵĹϵҲõġ
ţһʰһ¶ЦЦ
Ǹ磬飬һȥ񴦣ҸԱֹСɵ
ˡҡҡͷǸԺĶӣרҵα︨Ա֨Ź֣СɣѧҾͲڱҲáҲⲢһ¡
ڵõһţƺѧԱԺпջʲôѧ
ҲǵԺˡ
ǵѧѧԺʱ
СɿȥѾҲ˵ʲôʼʰʵҲûʲôʰģһװˡСɰ͵ѧԺſڣӲǳ˶ٿǮǸжϡﻩˡ
Ǹ磬ˣҿ϶ġСЩᡣ
ֲ֣뿪ˣԺңҵ绰ǡЦЦô˼ԺǸ緢ˣٲҪһ컯
ţǸһͷصġСЦǺǵȴǲδ档
ϵĽָСɵ塣
һֵǰ
Сɡ
䣺19
츳D
ϵͳ飺츳ϲ¼ȡ
΢΢ЩʧСC츳нѧԺ϶סϵͳֻǲ¼ȡ޷¼ȡֻûɣ¼ȡСɣҲܡ
СɣˡǾҪվ̨ȥ
Ǹ磬һ飬֪òú˵СɺȻԵЩԥ
ʲô飿Ǻ棬㲻ϲеİɣ
ǴүǣСһľģһصʱʲô˴绰ᵽ֡ڿҽʱɫţǹ˵绰
üͷﷺһ˿ŭ⡣
Ǹ磬ôˣС֡
û£ˡû˵ʲôֻǻǲգȻ֪Ǯġʵ֮ɣϾжǮ֪˲ࡣ

档
ﳩ˺ࣺܶ޾ԺҾͿרĸԼˡֻڿ϶ܻؼңȻ϶ᱻȫֻСɸĶٿǮɲСڳѾ˰£ӦܽһǧǮ
ҪȥĵطְĳС
ϣԽԽࡣ
ǲϵؼԱ֮˵츳˶ʮˣɫЩѿ
DôôD
ҪˣΪܼ򵥵񣬽оѶȡ


3 ɫ
һֱã󲿷ӦöCϵ츳ϾCһ㡣
ֻСһ⡣
һʮˣѾĶʮȫD츳ô඼ûC츳ˣ˵겻ɣӵ
ǻڱԹʱһ毺ãǰ໨Ůѧ˹
ǿŮͷӢ֮ȥһ츳ûǰѾһһŮ
һޱӡ
˫ŮѧƨɺȻţһܼӡ
Цԭһɫǣҽѵһ
źۼĵԱߣҪ֣һžͲӵĽϡ
۵ǳ鴤Ťͷͳǻȭ
ĦǵľѧȻûҲӿ࿹ġֻһ֣߰ٽĴͰӵֲץΡ
ʱ򶼿˹
ǼæұţǹɫǣѾƷ
ɫ֣̿ȴҲһˣʹİûˣҺúõȻ˵ǹɫǣ⻹ôСӣҲǿ͵˼ҹĶôԩҡ
Ȼ˶оˡ
Ϸ
һﲻԱ̫ϧˣµӣһ˶ίӡ
ұϹ˵ǹɫǡǷΧѾӵĻ֪Ҫ㡣
ҪһҲ̫ˡ
ứʣרҵԱ¶
˵ǹɫǣɫ˭ˣӴǰλŮ˵仰ô
ŮѧҡҡͷûС
⻰ڲ
ֹӵʱȷʵûŮѧʲôѵҪӵóѣȥֹô
û˵
ܺ߶˵ԼûֺܵĻ˭š෴ΪӵĻǰС͵Ѿʼָָ㡣
û뵽СһӣȻǸ֡
챨
ҿλΪȻСɾҪˣİ֣

꣬ΪҲŶ԰ƺҲϴˡǸоԼԩΧǻ޵ݣУøϽߣȻȺĿˮܰ
ǡ
ſˣԭǵһվ㡣
ɿӵ֣Ӿܣʱ֪˭סˣ
мӵסȥ·
ް
˵õĻףȺڶܵĮô
ѾͨˣƷļʽʩչһһͰǰ˸ƿˡҪȥһȭֱ̫ѨֱҪıɱ˵ǣֵĻǸŮѧ
˹ˣǵ˰˱ѪùŻȥˡ
Ǻڹڣ϶ɲ
һаԳժץסŮѧȭͷͬʱһǰһֻãӲǰŮѧƵ˺ĴϡֻӵƺЩǵطһĸоԳ
Ůѧƺûʲôرоġ
ôԭǸ֡ŮѧվԵʮ־졣
ߣҲѧһаʽҹУ̫ˡǳ˵ĵҲʵղǻĽȻոӶܰŮѧӹƷɳȥ
˵̫ˣҿȭڴĶΣŮѧ
⴫ӵĶˡȻŮѧʲôΪ϶ٲһᡣ
ڴĶΣҺ£һֻѾ˹ţŹżպϣƤЦⲻЦĲ廨ȭͷѣ˼˵Ƥ񡣡
쵰ŮѾ뿪ŭ𣬿ϧˡ
ָв͵ҵĳˡԶȥĹǸһĨаЦݡ

ǲ֪
ߺһվ̨Ȼ˼졣ӿžҪܣȴεظץסˡ
һһȭţǴˣһﻹŽ̲ģ¶Ů¶ʮˣ浱Ǿǰ費ɡ
ЦУжʮΡ
ӱץߣϵ˷׷ײĿޱȡ
һǺǵԩոСˣȻ˲òడ
Ҫ⻰ƻһѪ
ʲô˲ò࣬ѵӸ񹫳ɫǲɡ
ŮѧҲ֪ԩˣȴǿӲߣ˵廨ȭͷԺÿ

ǵﳬеʱѾ˵ˡ
ҳеֽļУѧԺϰĴȻҲһɾһࡣ
вСһٶʮƽ
ӽȥϰк
һʮŮӣģأΪֹ󷽣ԲһоŮԱȵġ˵ϰǰǺţֻǳ˱ʣŶɽоӪһҳС
ǣ࣬ôھˣϰ飬Ǵк
̣ѧˡǳĬһ£ǲ˼˵ǱˣҲûطȥԾ͵ˡ
⺢ӣúõѧʲôѧ÷
ѧ̫󣬶ԺУҲûʲôãѧҲΪһ㸺ǰ˵
÷ǰ֪ǵļͥãȻûж룺Ժúøɣɵúˣ̸ǹʡ
ܸܵ÷ĺ⣬ԥһǵ̣˵顣ѾѧˣҸȫְĹԺ󲻴ڳиˣ֪ܲܰµĹʸҽһ£
÷һŵ˵ͷߴߣСȷʵʺ㷢չҰѽĻ壬͸һ¹ʡΪ˵̫ͻȻСˣҪСȥμӱ
̣ģһѽĹġǼæ֪оӪҵԱ˭٣һ㶼÷ࡣ÷Ҳ飬ҪûڵĻ϶޷Ӫҵˡ
Ǿ̫ллˡ÷ЦЦ

÷˻͸ǽ˹ʡǸ˰£֮ǰ˵һʮҲһǧ÷ӲǸһǧ壬ǸǵĽǸжһѡ
ʱ÷Ķˡ
һʮкŰɫԵúơ
һǺеģҲͼΡ
οǲԾĿ˹ȥڹϣҼ츳ĶѾ֪꣬츳᲻һЩˣ˵̵Ķӿᰮ׼μɽоٰ˵츳͡


4 B츳
Ǵ߾ָĲֱۡ
оǵĴȫĺëЩĿǡ
ЦЦֱȥ̨
ֻǸǰһݣ֮С

䣺14
츳B
ϵͳ飺ȭŷ츳ԱȭࡢƷȷ¼ȡ
ʿˮڹϼôˣһC츳Ķûû뵽ײ֮£ȴ﷢һB츳ġϵͳ츳֣B츳ãȻǳ˴󲿷ͨˡ
÷Աߣڵ裬ݵĽ˵ˣѧУѡҿ϶û⡣
÷ЦЦʱѧУѡ軹н
ʱϲЦտ
һţĥ
ҪȥμɽеѧУĳѡǵһڡ
ֻй˳ѡʸѧУѡֱ
B츳μѧ˵Ҳв츳ܰЩѧ츳һ飬иѧԺѧȻˡţĿҲ
ʱ
÷һˡ
Ժּ֮ƻȴһһųΪѧԺѧһ򵥵飬Ҫúıһųɡ
Ͼŵ㣬Ҫˡ
ʰöҪѳĵƹصſȴ÷
Կһ˫ոµȭףӦ÷͸Ľ
̣ôˣ
ոѧ϶ûطסԾ㵽Ҽסһޡ
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ȥСùݴպһҹȥסĵط
÷Ҳ˼
Ҫס̵ļ棬ȻȻľܽӽҵʵ۷ӦòѡѧԺĵһѧʮþˡ뵽˴Ǹһ˿Ц⣬̣Ǿ̫лˡ
ûоܾ÷ȥ
ϡ
룬ʵСı˳ô
ıϳ˵⣺ðɣѧУһʮ˱
÷ŵССһ꣬ռһˣС˵ǵһˡĹ涨ÿѧУСȡ˵ĳɼѾԴѧУȥˡ
ʱкܶҴģңΪǸеɱôС꼶ܴѧУѾˡ޷ڽȡΣһܳǰʮͿǰ
÷ҲΪţСˡ

ת۾͵÷ļҡ
Ǿȵǣ÷ļҲĸСһĺԺ
ǰп÷Ĳһ㣺ɽĵطһĺԺ˵ҲҪֵǧ򣬾һסġ
÷ǰź˷䣬ͽ˷
ϴ֮Ժ֮ͩ£㣺Ҫ۷ȻҪչ¶һʵСֻҪôװơ¶ʵأ̫ͻأĻ˵ᱻʲôҪǱǱģǿɾǰˡ
һƬͩҶ¡
ǳͩϿȥ澹ȻһСè䡣
۾һˣˡ
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ǰװƣúΪѧԺĵһλѧû뵽ȴȫ˶
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5 ֧
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ѾˣҲҪЩ֣̣ҲˣһĿ湦һ棬ڹһޱʥ顣νһΪʦΪǿЦġ
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Σ÷ʲô뷨̣Ҳ˼ֻ˵ˣҵСʦЩΪңΪʱûͽĴ㡣
÷˵棬ԼЩçײˡ
⣬װĺܳɹ÷Ϳˡ
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÷һ仰֪ʲôǰʯͷҵԼĽš
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ҪܽڣѱڽϴŹʣֻҪˣҲ͸ˡ
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ת棬ɢ˵ʵʵǲ㵱ѧҽ̵ģֻǰ棬ŴӦôôǲǾԼڳϴ꣬Ҿ̲סЦҿһͷǿȥ
˵˭۾ɵϴʮַŭ
Ȼ˵㣬ѧ˼еĻȭȣΪԼǸˡ䣬뵱һʦȾҪĽ飬һɱûУСĸһ֪ʲôѧô
ô֪ѧһָ֮ǿӲޱȣĽ˵ġ
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ȫӲġ
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6 ׽
һ׽֮еĶƪſʼϢ
Ѿȥˣţ˵ѧԺԵ޷ݡƺһΪ̳ĦǶڷ⣬ж֮˵Լ⡣
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7 
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ʿˮ书Ǵ˵е书
΢΢һЦӳһ¼ȡ֪ͨ飺ѧԺԵһѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ȥ˼죬ԸΪѧԺѧǩ֣Ȼ绰ҾС
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о˲á
Ȼ˵Ҹոյ֪ԭβ׷ˡܰһȭ򵹣ɺ϶ѡ
β׷ˣ
˶ǺǺˣǺǿɡ
ܵµʾ⣬Ҳǵţһֱ΢βףڵˮոʱβʹűһȭеġ
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֪ʲôˣֱ̫Ҫˡ
ôˣѧҪ˻Ϊǳ֮ΣӮɡ
ΧһЩڿʼˡ
½Ǵȣ޷ѧȻܺķ뿪
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ǣʱ䣬ǳɵҲӮɡ
Χ˵ĳŭˣ£װˡҸʦǱˣɶҵĶ֡ҪǲҿԺٴһ
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ϣոһȭܰɴ򵹣϶Ҳһ
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˶ǰͷ
˵Ѿ˵ȡ֡
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˭Ҫ̰īѧˡǽߵȻϣӮɣǳ֮ΣҪôֻҪӮѧ㽻ݵѧѣǾԻһֲٵ˸㣬Ҳң
ѧ
ǿѧУѡĵһ껹ࡣǰı֮Уѧ涼˶ʮСսѧµһ塣
¶һζЦݣܽӮɣӮѧܡߺߣѧѣŶûУ
ΪݵĽƽѧѣ߳ġ
ֻҪ˲ѧѣЩǮȻ䵽
˵˵ȥ¾᲻ЩǮ
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µͷǽҲƣСӣǲˡҲ㱾£뿪ݣȥƭʦɣ֪һƭӣΪʦǿЦĺܰ
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쳣侲ѧǿ֪ġ
֮ǰԣѧһ屶ɵһ
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ѧһͷһ׺ݵĶŻ
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11 ʦΪͽ
д󶨡
˵ոһKOɣпɷ֡
ѧУȻ·磬Լʵ
ԭҶôǿˣʦҵĶǿѧֻѾôʦĿ϶Ҿãʵֱ޷ѾǸˣԺһҪΪʦ
ѧηǰЩηˡ
ǰһС󡣿Ȼ˺һҪһȼٲȻʧ˷ִ硣
Цһ⣺ѧҲн졣㲻ǰɣҽôƨ
һ˲ԣѧˣѵոһȭѧȫʵ̽
Ļ㶼һ
ĻǾ̫˼ˡ
һģѧǱ꣬Ҽÿ쵽ѵҪԶԶŶԡЩˣΪôɷѧηǰĸо
ѧҪ㡣Ȼ磬ֱӾǰѧŵһûе
ܣѧǿӲȴѾµҪѧУѡĵһ֪ж˶ݡİܸԼ֪μˡ
һϣ½ĸ֮ȫȭǲȫʹǽ̵ģƴ£ɽ
ȥѧ֪ô
ѧߵķ֣½Щʲôƨʽû֮ءʩչʽѧЩͺñѾѧ׶԰һʵ̫ˡ
޷סѧֻӲ
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һʮʽ޺ȭһЩ߰ȷȻǴѧû˻֮
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ʦǣ֪֪λʦȻڶ̶죬˵̵ô
Χȫˡ
ѧһֱڶܣǱıʵڼֲȥˣʧǺˣˣ䣬䣡
ѧ䣬εֹͣ˽
ֻԭ˻ôˬǿϧˣһûдء
ѧոèۣ⻰ǿô۸˵ģûˡ
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ңңһָ£û˵˰ɣǮǸ
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ԱߵǸҲоûйʣͲ֪ܵȥˡ
һȺ˵֮УǮΪѵĵǸ
Ǯ۾뿪ݡûԼôţƣΧ˶ĳޣֱޱ㡣

ûеһʱؼҡ
ֱӵ˳Уҵ÷ȻԼݴ׳һ
÷֮ͣţ¸ѧ죬ȻܻѧɣǹȻ汾µġ
۾֮зųݵɫʦ̫ģҵȭҸо˲ɣʹѧ޻֮ѧڻͨɽǰʮ⡣
÷⻰ǸˣҪĽǰʮ赽ʱǰһ
˵ͷ֮ȴЩʧ裬ʦֻǴӦɽ֮ǰҵѧҽ̣˵ȹ˽ǲǾͲԸˣ
÷ĬоʱߵĿԺܴ
Щ裬ʦдµˣİΪʦ
÷̾˿֮ǰʱͺ˵Ը⡣Ϊǰչˣѧҽ̶Ը⵱
Щź治֪뿪ǣԺ˭ܽôĶ
һѾıˣͱҿˡ

÷ȥʱСꡣ
ĺԺ棬ͩ¡
׽ĶƪĶʱʱ͸׳ƵĹâһѤķ羰
÷ǿˡ
ǿСǵĶ·裬һԾľ˽ȥ
Ǹоˣ̣ͣСǻˡ
һ£ڵʦȥѵô
һգϢ
ŶһȴǺȻߵߣµʦΪͽ
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÷ȴ÷ҡҡͷѾ˵ˣ㲻Ըͽִʦ
̾һЦѾԼޡ
ִֵĿǣʦҪǲңҾͲ
ϷܾһĻϤ
ʵ÷İ취˵ˣ÷ĻǾʯĳˣֻҪϿƣĥӲݣǲӦ
ȻûӦ΢΢ҡͷʮεӡ
ʵǣǵѾЦ˻ϵͳ˵һ䣺ûУ˸統ѧԺԺʵ顣


12 С
ΪǲӦˮžͬʱظʦΪͽʦΪͽ
ǿﻹٿȥ
һץסļε̾˿⺢ӣΪʲôôִء
˵⻰÷۾һ鿴š
ЦʦҾΪһĸ֡Ļû˸۸ң۸衣
÷Ȼ۽ʪˡ
йµһˡ
ǣС⺢Ӻʵɣ÷Ȱ
⡭ǱֵʮΪѣһΪѵĵ˵ͷ̣˵ʵıСжˣҲԵֵˣҾ͸һӡ
÷ʱϲСʦͷ
Ǽæֹס̣ղѾĹˣٿˡȻУһЩҪġ
÷ǵ˼ģȻݡ
ǿ÷ţ߹ȥЦЦɹĸжңٲҪһݻԵ
ɻ󣺡ʦʲôԵ
һ£֪ԼҪƲУʵҲͨˣӦѾˡ
˵ͷʦͩôӡȻͨˡ
û뵽磺˵Ĳʵ˵ɣʵһѧԺԺѧԺרŽ书طܵġ߶УһǺ쳾һǸѧԺһЩ֮ġ
Ȼÿ϶˳ҩ
ǲΪ⣬磬ô򵥡ΪչֵʵѾôʵҸ㣬ǿߣϴֺɽ¶¡ϧǶУһЩֶΣչʾЩСֶλǿʶһµġ
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ժĽָ߶һ䣺䣡
ССĽָȻһµȨȡ
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˵꣬һűĶ
ȻѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ飡
ֱӵݸ˻ڴԵе΢΢һЦϸûĻֻҪ¼ȡ֪ͨǩ֣ѧԺѧԺΪǿȻڻ¡
¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ֻдţѧԺѡΣѾѧԺȭ¼ȡЯ¼ȡ֪ͨ鵽ѧԺ¼ȡѧǩȷϣXXXʱXXXա
ʿˮǣѵʵʦոұħɣ书Ҳܰһһġ
ޱȡ
ʲô͵װװͷˡ
ȻüЦտȻħٶ죬ҵ۶ûзӦ
Σðɣ͵ħ¼ȡ֪ͨģѧԺҲģѧѧԺָ꣬ʹ㵽ѧԺʱҲиרҵʦ书
Ĭһ£ʲô⡣
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ͬʱҲյһʾѧ¼ȡ֪ͨͶݳɹ뾡Ϊѧ
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΢һ룬֪϶ϵͳԭ򣺡͵ǵİɣ
ΪѧԺ˵һѧãһҪΪѧԺռѧܴѧԺҪпյĻһѧͬѧҿûбѧԺ¼Ǳʡ
˵ͷЩԸ
ҪΪѾǵԼʦԸ˷ǵֲòӡ
ﲻ˼ЦЦԺѧԺ϶ֹһѧжĳɾͣؼĻҪԼŬձѧӸϣڵı˳㣬̬˵ȱźӭս
⻰ĺĳӣȻ򣺡ʦҲսûж֣ôܽ
΢΢һЦӿɽ̣
ڶ죬롣
һѧʹĸ˹ĸûͨѧУĳѡһѧУѡĵ
ǿˣ翴ĵζ͡
Ƕ˵ˣܴѧɣһõѧʦ
ϧûȥݣȻѧͷܵӣһܹ񫡣
ѧʦ˵᲻ҲǼСʱ˵Ҳܴѧġ

ߴߴȫûע⵽ǰվŵǡ
Ҳ˵ȴˣֲһҪʦԭ˳Ч֪ҵģݵһ湻һٵġʱʲô˵ֻҪ¼ȡ֪ͨǰҲԻԥǩ֡
ԼȡôʤǣϧΪ˰ʦȫһ硣
ǰ֮࣬ȷʵĿŵǰĸܺϡ
з˾⣺ĸ棬ֻҪһC츳ģָտɴˡ
ĸܺӻϸڡ
ʱȴǺȻվıֱʦˡ


13 ǩ
ȻѾΪѧԺѧǸԸƺΪʦ
ĻԱߵĸֹܺͣЦ
ļʵĸǺһѧͬѧô
˵ͷǵģǺҵĹϵȽϺãʦǿǷѧǱʡ
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֮ǰѾݵС
Ҫǵʣ˲Щ
ѧ书ʺҪǻڣҸǼ֮ǰҽһ°ɡ
õģʦߵǸܺӿڵ漴ҽܵҽӢ󣬽ʮ꣬ҵǳΪһӾ棬ָȥĴ
Ҳʼҽܡ
ҽëСʮ꣬ҸӲߣҿˣѧУѡʱ̨ϣѧҡҵҲǳΪΪһȥ٣߱ڣֵ֡
ǶʱǺˣһǵС͵ˡ
ʦнʮ꣬Ϊɶֻѧ书۸У۸һ±ˣǾ͸ˡ
ǿŸСһʱ󺹣һԺ󲻻;ɣ
ʦҽ֮ʮ꣬ѧУѡ壬ҲʸѧУսġ֮˵ҲΪԺ
ȴΪ⣬ϵͳٸ֮һ
֮ҵǳΪͣʮɱһˣǧﲻе֡˵һֱżŴѩǴĲѩѪ硣
Ǻǣʵֵģ˵㻹ۼŴѩЦЦŴѩ￨ƣһŴѩȥڽġ
пܵĻһҶ³ѧɡ֮
̰Ĳ㣬ҲҪ㹻ʲС˵ָ֮꣬ļһ˳֡
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䣺15
츳B
ϵͳ飺Խԣн츳Ա¼ȡ
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䣺13
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ëС
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ϵͳ飺ܷ츳ԱṦ¼ȡ
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츳D
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Ѿˡǻع񣬡ĸ֮츳ã˾ҪһЩĿǰֻһѧֻܸ֮Ҳ˵˾ͳû˻ᣬҲԸ죬һǲͼǱֲĻҲԿǡ
֮Щϲٺ٣ҵ츳Ȼõġ
Щģܸ죬ұֺõĻܿҲᱻ£ֿϣ
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Ǿȫ㶨ľǱˣ뷨һ쳹Ժѧ¼ȡ֪ͨͶݳɹ뾡Ϊѧ
ǩˣ
̲סЦA츳ѧԺѧԺĶ
绰Ȼ
ǿ˿ģϲ㣬ȷѡ񡣡
һ㾹Ȼ֪ˣոԺһ˵ѾΪѧԺѧҪȥѧԺ
ЦЦҪ£ǲһִ֮
񰵰𾪣֪ʲôֱ֮ӴݵԺֱ̫˼ˡ
Ҳͣŵһеûа꣬ȹ죬ҾʹȥѧԺ
Ȼʲôõģһ飬ѾǷǮ˹Ҽ㣬Ǯ͵ˡ
뵽ոηӣͺ㣬ҲԭȻȻ¼ȡ֪ͨǩ֡ˣԺҲҪСҲҪһñ˿ͺ¡
ɣȻѾΪѧԺѧȻûȥѧԺҲʱ糿ʱӹ԰˳Ǯһסʱ룬ǧҪٵˡ
˵֮ǹ˵绰
ֻæ૵ҪʼôܳΪǿô
ʱ䡣
ǿʼָһԸѧ
ڶ糿ȴǶһ񡣵ֻһ׶;ƣʱѾоǴѧķǷ֮
ʱȥת۾ǹ졣
ѾǾˡ
ѧУݡ
һЩģоһֽеƵԹߡ
ɽѡʱǶԹ֪ط˸о⼸ܴԾԼһһ


14 ѧԺ
ӢԵЩš
ɲ֣̲֮ס˳찡ҵȻ10kg
С10kgе˾һ꣬Ҳô
10kgѣҵġëСƣ治ϱ֣˶ˣ⾹Ȼ16kg
Ųԣݣȴ̾һȻ15kg
Ӣʱˣʲôв15kgû10kgô
ʣûвԵֻ֮ˡ
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ΧȻЩˡ
츳õģ10kg츳õģӵֻǺεȵľˣ
֮࿴˿֮ڵҸʦʱЩ϶ûӵ࣬ǾȲԡ
˵ͷû
֮סƣ˲ͳӢȻֳǰ˺ü̶ȣ֣ͣ˶̲סǵһ
˶٣۵֣Ѿɵˣ츳ٺãҲܳôɣ
29kg֮ԼЩţ֪ʦСҲ̫˰ɣ
29kg
Ǿ58һ˲жٽ
ҵӢޣʲúʺõĲôҲ̫ˣô˵ġ
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Ҫԣ˸ڴˡ
˵ͷ뵽ǽ̵ĺķסơ
Կֻһգۣ־ͳ֮ĳɼ
ţָ뻹ڳǰܡ
ͣⶼ30kgˣ֮ԼڸģһʵǸ̫̼ˡΪԼѾ٣죬Ҳܱ̫࣬ڿԶԶ͹ӵ
ָͣˡ
Լĳɼϴβ61kg
֮˼ֱǼʻˡ
ʦңӵԲ֮š
ʦ̫ˣָ֡һҪúñ֣ȡΪʦëСԼ͡
ҵ츳ģܲ׾ҲôġӢżᶨ
ҺܿͿ۸ˡЩ

ڶ죬糿
˿ǣĿԽԽȡ
ǵ֮ٹҪμɽеˣΪȡһĳɼＸһһЩȭƷȷĸһ׶
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ѧϰս书ô̫ˣ
͵ΪֹԼ֮£˿Իȥˡʱһ֣һ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬֮Ҳҵı죬ЩҲҪ㽻ˡ
Ŷ֮ڴ
ʵһѧԺԺѧԺǽ书طܡǰѺһȫհ˹һİģ׾֮ˡ
֮ԼҲԶ󿪡
ѾѧԺС˵еţǻǡ
֮¼ȡ֪ͨǩ֣ǲһҿʽΪѧԺԺˡ
ʱԺ֮Ҳʾ
ϲ񣬻ýѧԺһŶǼ￨ơͨӦѧԺڿռ֮еλãѧԺ
һȻֱӽȥ
ǰǴߣʼӦѧԺλá
Ȼ䣬ˡ
ǲ֪ʲôطΧ鲼ɫƣһĽƶˣСˮģ͢¥滨ݣۼ
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룡
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һ̻Ի͵Ĺ֮ڣⶰ죬̾͵ľʯһȥ⹬ǧ׳׿ɼƺ⡣
ϵͳģ
İ칫ϵͳ̲˵š
ۣǵĿˮ˳ôĵطȻֻҰ칫ĵط찡ûУ
ĻϵͳԸн칫ҡϵͳ
ǿ⻪ĽϵҡҡͷҪǲˣжۣǴ˵㣬պðɣ
ֻȴȫ¡
ѵԺһקʲôԺֻԺ
Ҽ򵥸һѧԺϵͳƽеļ֮󣬿ʼѧԺȿռ䣬ռ޴ҪԺ칫ҡ칫ҡʦᡢѧᡢҡʳáͼݡ๦ҡ԰Լȡ
ѧԺţƣʵڲ֪ôԼ飬ռض˵ĶֱӾ޴󣬻ô칫ҡͽңֱ̫ţˡϵͳҵϥǰɣѾݵͶء
ֻϵͳһ仰ʱ֪ʲôûӣֻиӣȻѾѧԺѧԺеĵطڶʹá
ʲô˼
˼ЩضĽֻƸ֮ӦĹԱͶʹáûƸӦĹԱ֮ǰЩһֱڷ״̬ĹԱõĿҲʵƸ
ԴʵƸ۾һ
ǿԣʵһѧԺǩͬܵѧԺơԺʵнѧԺһҪءϵͳ
ǵ˵ͷѾ˽⡣


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18 ԺƶɮҪԷ
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19 
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ɴһĺóԣ㳢
á
ֻһȥţֳ˺Ħһɫζ˼ζ
Ħרעĳ棬ţĻһѾһȻͺͺţһһޱܵӣǺóԣ̫óˣ
ڿĦǺͺţҲûС˵֮ܵĳ֮УǻҲѹŴʱڵʳﾫ£Ϸû˵ˡ
ĦǺͺţԱ֪֮Ҫˡ
֮Ѿ֪ˣվǰλʦĺţĦǡԺҲٴǸСǵ
λʦãʼȻǲ֪С˵еΪʲôѧԺ뵽ѧԺ֮Ҳûʲôֵֵˡ
СӶǿ֮ģһҵ׽ԺǡĦǿڵ֪ѧԺڵ壬Ժѧѧ̺ãѧԺõȥ
Һţҽʥ޼ɸѧ˼죬ѾˡҪǸѧϰҽԺΪһҽȻڻ¡ҽгɣװƲˣԣӭѡҽţҲʼƴˡ
ҽʲô˲ģҽǵĿǱǿ书ƶɮ׽ͻ浶С๦ѧѧˣһаٶκ⡣Ħǲ
ǶʱǺˣʲôѧô
ʱϵͳ𣺡ȻѧԺвŻûеλѧԺǵѧĽģʽԺѧѧԺҪ㹻ѧ֣ͨˣһ꼶ѧԺʦûѧԸѡǵĿΣĿγ̺ܻܿᱻȡҲᱻʦְ񡣡
һԭҪϸڣǱ˽ʦְô
ԺʱԸǰְҲԵĽԼ
Լ
Լʦᱻ𣬻Ĩɱ
ǲһ
ٴθоϵͳİԵ
Ĩɱˣ㲻ܳΪһʦʱҲǰλģ˾òԺĹ֮
һԺöᡣ
ΪѧԺĽ񴦻ûԱֻǸſˡ
УĦǿſΣһǻѧһ׽Ǳ޿Σ˶ѡϿʱ䣬ѧ糿뵽ߵ룬׽ڷϰ˵㵽ʮ㡣
ȻֻʱģԺſλ࣬Ҳӵ
ںţҲſΣſȻǶҽѧѡ޿Ρѡҽѧ֮ѡ˶ҽѧһ壬ѧҽѧԺ϶Ǽɱܾˡ
ţĿΪѡ޿ΣѧԺĿǰֻѧֻܲʱΡ
ź˿ΣĦѾҪϿˡ


20 찡Ƕ˲
ǵ˵ͷǺãѧԺĵһÿΣĦʦʼϿΡȥңһÿΣҿҪεġ
ĦҪΣ˿Ľš
˺ܿ͵ѧԺĽҡ
ͬѧֽңѧԺĽұȽŴԺһѧһһ׶೤鰸ѧʦĽ̨Ҳһ鰸ȴǱѧλøʮ๫֡
Һܴϰˣܿɡ
Ǻͺţں棬εģǰλá˾λĦǴӽ棬һ˽̨
Ͽοʼˡ
Ħǿһڿε׽Ͽ֮ǰȸҽһôõ׽ġ
⻰ˣ̲סǺȵĦʦص㣬ûôõ׽ģ㵱Ƕûп˲ô
ĦһΡ
ţǰЦԺĦǾͲһʦǿҪְˡ
ǲûһѪ
ѧԺĿǰʦĦǳְˣ˭ѧϿΣ
̲סģǾǵ˺ţһۣúѧŰɣλĦǣȰ㳷ְˡ
ţһҲҶ졣
Ħǲϻ֮󣬽׽Ǻġҵ֪ʶñµ׽ǳĦǾȻѶƪÿһڷҵ伮֮ҵסǴΪ𾪡
һÿǳ
ǺͺţвСջ
̲סĦǹƣĦʦڿκܲû뵽㻹ʦϡ
Ħ΢΢һЦԺǵȻƶɮ֮УެʦΪ˽ڷǻǼҳ㷹顣
ǵ˵ͷֲˡ
ʱҲˣǴ˴뿪
ֻĦǺͺţŤŤǺţҪˡ
˵ɣʲô飿
Ժˣ´ʱܲٸǴһЩ棿ţСƺԺҪǷһ
ѧԺʦȻ㣬οֻҪһ
ȻڻûɶǮƾոڵ˲ΣȥĦǺͺţһġԺѧԺʦӣͲЩʦÿٷΪģʡǮ
ò˵ѾںԺ·һȥˡ
˻ص֮ѧУˣ֮ס
ûмϢǿʼ
ҪЦ񣬱뾡
˰СʱԼѧԺڻ˲Ρݺţ˵˲ĵرİܴʲô书ֻҪﺬһƬ°빦Ч
ڻ˲Σһǧģһǧġ
һǧ˲εĸŵ͸оڳɢ
׽ĶƪȫڵġֻһᣬͻƵż
Чԣ
Ǽһᣬӣȴδ
ҲףţƺĹҲܼǧ˲θS+츳ӦҲỨ̫ʱ䡣
ڶ糿
ǰͽѧԺ֮뵽һ顣
ӢëСн϶ȥ˹԰Сһֻ㲻ͦڷܵģɴҲսѧԺˡ룬˹԰ʱ򣬹Ȼڵŵˡ
ʦˡëСˣΪһֱûйǲˡ
ӢͽȻû˵ɫҲһǻͻȻʧ١
ʵʱѾˣѾǱÿ쿪ʼʱ˰СʱȻڵţ֮ϡ
֮ȥ˱ĵطǰ֮ǰ̵ģԼԼġϵʱңл˵ʱˡ˵֮һԱ
ëС˲֪˵ʲôһʼ
ʱ
ǰǿǧ˲ΰװãʼ׬Ǯơ
ȥʲôطǸ롣ɽȫҩչ̾ҩˣǧ˲ĹĵرҲֻҩòõļǮȻˣ϶ҲǿԵģɽĵط֪
ҩ棬Щӵ
ҩĵ˲٣ҩĵҩũ͸ˡ
ǵ˹̨ǰ棬һڼҩݵСŮȥϰгбʴ̸
Сһʲô
ǿ˿Χ˲Σݺ㣡
ɲֱ˵ǧ˲ΣȫҲǧ˲ΡҪſھǧ˲εĻСŻ˼ҿ϶Ҳɶˡ
С۾һͬţھȥϰ塣
ǲһСᳵ·ģ϶н
Ҳ⣬˭ڵҩҲĿŵģС״̬СΪл
ӹ
Сһӹܣ
᳼˵ͷСֵܣɷҵ¥˵
Ȼ
᳼¥ϣҽһȻǿˡ
Ҳ᳼ҶôȻľͰ˲θ˳˲ΣݣԼ֪ˡ
᳼ǾȻֻһ첼˲ΣüͷСֵܣ˲οɲһҩģſɲС
Σѵ˵˲Σ鲼ô
᳼Ѿ˺첼ֻһۣʹסˣģ⡭Ƕ˲Σ


21 ˪
ǲǰ᳼һۣټ֣绹ûóǧݵ˲ء
᳼оԼʧ̬˼˵ʵһûмôݵ˲ΡҪ֪˲꣬Ƕ䱦ˣ˲ΣȻֹݡ
ǵ˵ͷе۹⣬ǧ˲Ρ
᳼Ծ촽ǧ˲Σǡ̫ˣҪۣ
ٴⲻǷϻôҲۣõҩʲô˵ǵղգܳʲôǮ
᳼ޱȣ۶ݵ˲Σǿ϶ա
Ǿͺã۰ɣ
ڣ᳼û뵽ǻôֱӣȻܶ϶˲εϣɵǲǧ˲ΣҪҩõרټһ¡ʲô۸ҲֻеרҼ󣬲ܶۡ
룺˵רҼҪ೤ʱ䣬ҿǼǮ
᳼ЦЦԵȣʹ绰רֻҪܼ
ǵ˵ͷĻ˵õǮˡ
ȻͿ취ɽˡ
᳼һ棬ͲһţϣҪ鷳
ʲô飿
жҪæۡ
СӣҲǺ˵ôʲô䱦ңǲˣЩοпˣ绰Ļ治ʱ򡣡
ϣʵڶԲסҲ֪п˰᳼֪ϵƢͿʼδ绰Ķ䱦һǹģȫҲ֡
Ŷʲôغ
˲Σ꣬˲ιǸ˵ǧ˲Ρ᳼һһʮ
ǧ˲ΣصЩˣã̫ˡСӣţϾ͹ȥ
᳼û뵽ػļ
شҴҹ˵绰վѾͷ첻үүոҵõϢҩǱһϵ˲Σһȥ
ŵ˪⻰˲үүоˣоˣ

ǲ֪˶ٱ֮ڵȵĲͷˡ
ܣǲڻεңⶼһСʱˣרô
˼סĵطƫȽ££
˵֮᳼Ǹǵһ衣
ǰ˰֣ˣٺ˶ˡڵʮӣҪʮӺ˻Ҿͻˡ
᳼ʱЩ
ʱ¥
᳼վ϶Ƿˣҹȥһ¡
ҲվſڿȥܿͿһüĿ˹
ӰһһϤӰǰ
Ƕʱŭӿ꣬ǸŮ顣
˪ҲǣȴֻЩϤͰǸȥˡ
ϣλСֵܵ˲Ρ᳼ƳƳ˪΢΢Щ˪Ϊʲô
˲ģؿھʵ
⡣ǻص˲ε˹ȥ
⡭ؽӹ˲ΣСĹ۲һ۾ԽԽǧ˲Σûǧ꣬Ҳа˰곯ϣ޼֮
ϣֵǮ᳼Сĸڵģһʴǰˡ
ȥ꾩ʢУһ˲Σɽǰ˰ǧ˲ĻҪ˲μ۸ʮȻ£ҩչǧǧļ۸ӦñȽϺʡ룬ʵص
̲סһǧǧǸǶǮ
ǧˡһֱδ˵˪Ȼڡ
С㣬ʲô᳼һ㶣ɵɵĸ㲻״ˡҩõɣô˪һӡ
Сӣл˵ذ᳼棬˪Ҳ˹ȥʵҴ绰ʱ˪ȥңΪģҸѰһûгݵ˲ΡҲ˰ɣͷΣ˲ξ
ܣ˵үүΣڵϦҽ˵ֻһҽϵ˲Σ˪ŵ
ǲ֪˽ʲôҲȥ͵
ԭ£绰ġ᳼Լһӣ˪ڣǻƲɣ˪ɱ˵飬æĿڵ̫ʱˣܾ䶭³һҵҡ
᳼ҲǴˡ
ɽƴҪ˪һ˲Σҩö￪ȥ˲ҪȵĲǱˣǿ䶭³Ҫ֪䶭³Ķɽег䶭³쵼ϵ
˵֮󣬻ص˷䡣
ЦСֵܣҩôǧ˲øѾͷѾͷǧѾˣ㿴ô
ܿǲǮˣǧ϶ԥĴӦ
ѾʼϴαŮ˰һѵһӵģ꣬ǿǧ򰡣ҪǾܾˣɾҲûһˡȵȣһĻôôϤǲǱС˵еǸˣӦþϤװƴŶΣǲǣ
Ǯ治ˣ᳼ΪǱǧŵˣǡ
Ŷǻعһ˪ҪѵһͻȻȴһȵŮвҪô
˪ܾ⻰ЩϤԾľ˷ҽԺſڵ顣
㣿
ң
ǱϳˣԴ󷽷ϣСǰɣ첻ҵĻ˲ΣҲ֪Լжҿеⶾ˲κõģ㶾ǧ˲Ҳֻܵסѡ
˪⻰ŭ쵰ں˵ʲô
üͷȴǴ˪Ļ˪ѻ˵ꡣ


22 Ҫ
˪˵ʲôȴӲıסˡ
΢΢һЦܸ˿˪Ա񣺡С㣬Ҽʱ򣬾˵֢жһǷģ
˪ǲãϸ룬΢΢Щ
ʱ˪ΪƭӣϸһǵĻͷеֻ֮ǵһûУȻ˵֢ʹһܵ˶֪
ЦЦ֪˪϶ǷķǷ֮˵˶Ҳ޵ķʸС㣬ȥȡ㿪ˮΣȻַŽȥһݣȻԶ϶Ƿ˵ѡ
˪Щԥ
ҪһܻӡԾľЩųǡ
ʱصѾͷСֵ˵쵽ȥʱҾ;ɫЩԣ˵ʲôԼ֪ߣһүүĲйϵ
˪˵үүɫһݣܣ鷳Ū㿪ˮҵΡ
ǿ˪ŵӣϾԱߡ
ڣʮֵĿģƺβ˲ҲǮˡϵ˪淢Լ˶ۡ
ˮˣС磬ҪŶ٣᳼ʵ
һԡǼʮ㣬ȻתǰģʽˣˣˮԽԽãСɣˮ̼֮£಻ɼĶΡ
ţ˪ӣֶֻ˽ȥ
ָˮǰһǺÿ
ˮð¶Ӧòͣ˪죬Ӧûкһ֡
Щ˪־⣬˪һŮ磬ûԹ࣬϶ܲסʹǡ
һӲ
᳼ϣ쿴Сֺɫˡ
ʲôشսȥһҲǴޱȣ⡭ôһһɳζ
ѵ˵жˣ˪óϸţԼɵˡ
ˮζȡģм϶١
һˮ֣Ȼֳ˱仯ˮε⣬ǿ϶⡣
ȻүүжˣҲжˡͨʲôҾ˵үүһɽôúõģүүסҽԺԭʵ˶ֻүүеĶһ𣬶еĶǳڻûзѡ
ȴҡҡͷһСеĶǳҲСүүʹˣֿԭ򡣡
˵Щ
ǺȻһոͷ˵ʲôɽһ𣿡
ЩԾľ췹ϰ˵š
ѵ˵ǿ˪ҪЦ˳С椺䣬ǾͿ϶ûˡԭС椵үүزĶ³ɽе׸ֲСܿſھǧ򡣡
Сֵܣ㾹Ȼ涮ҽ᳼ʱ̲ס
Զһǿ᳼ݵӣʮֵܣôϰ壬ҪҪҸ㿴ֻҪһǧ򣬰ΰٲ
ȿȣ᳼һһǧ㹻ҩøʮˣˣҾͲˣС㿴ˣǮ
ʱԾĿ˿˪ƵС㣬֪Ҳƭ˰ɣ
˪ɫΣȴò˵ͷҽһ۾ͿҵĲ֢ȷƭӡ³çˣԭ¡
⻰ޱȵ˷ܡ
Ůܲ˪ȻǸһ˵ıϥð
ˣҴ˲С˹ԭˡǰ˰֣һܴȵӣ⻰ܰʲôд˲С˹ѵ˵˪Сô
һԿЦ
Ѿ֪з飬ò̾ǵļǳ˪ľŮȻܺ顣
֪ܲܽ˶˪͵ûǵĻȫ˼ŵԼүүϣֻҪֶܾܽүүʲôԡ
غ᳼ҲصĿǡ
˫۾΢΢һЦ⣬Ȼܽ⡣
Ȼܽ⡣
Ͼܿ˪˶ܽⶾµġ
һ̣᳼ޱȡ
¶ϲɫ
ŵĻ˪һץסǵ֣һүүһҪүү
˪С֣̲סڸ
ô뿴˪ԽԽ˪ò˫ѧԺϵС˪һȣȫȸͷ˵Ĳࡣϸ˪Գ
ʱ̲סһСӣ㻹ɿѾͷ֡
һץ˪˪ץɣ
˪ڷԼ³çæɿץסǵ֣ȻЩ˼վһߣϷߺ֮ɫ
ΣС㣬үүеҲֶǾүүǾ㶼û⣬ֻ
ԾҪˡ
˪þ̳Ȼе˼ʲôҪ󣬿Ծᡣ
Ҫľ仰¶һʮЦݣҪʵܼ򵥣㣬Ҫһǧ򣬶үүҪ㡭
Ҫ˪
᳼ɵˣҲɵˡ
ǻҪ󣬾ȻҪ˪Ҫʲô
˪ҧ촽ָץģΪүүԿԼҡ
ֻʱǵĻȻ𣺡үүһҪҰһ顣
˪Ȼֹ˶Щˡ
ǺĿ˪С㣬û°ɣôôູôµҪܴӦأ
ؿЦ᳼ҲǿЦ
ǵǲǹģ⻰˵ʵĵ
ǿ˪ɫԣ֡ѵ˪һѣֻһɽѣҵͣѰɣ
˪ֻΪˣˣûߣҴӦ


23 ⶾ
Щ֣Ȼ֪˪
ʱ֣ãͷоˣԺҲôˡСֵܣ㿴ʱΪѾͷͷⶾ
ΪСⶾĻھͿԡҪһ룬֪ģ
ڼȱǮȻԽԽá
᳼ʱ򲻾һЦҩþ룬붼С
ص˵ͷСӣȥСֵһõĽ룬㵽ϡ
᳼΢΢Щȡ
һ׽룬˵ҲҪʮ
ؿھһ룬Բֻǿǡϸһ룬᳼ˣôרҽβõĲȴΣд¡رһ׽룬ȴǲźۼĺǽ˹ϵ
뵽˴
᳼оԼΪ˴ոȿһ׽룬˵ǣԺ˲Σ϶Ҳ뵽ֺ˪Ӷһӡ
ܣȡɣ˪ߴҲ뿴Ƿܸⶾ
ܵĻǽүүϵĶȻڻ¡
᳼ƹƣٶȿɲ֪汾µˣҲӵˡ
ȡˡ
΢΢ŷһЦлˡ
ƺһ᳼Ǻڲǰ˷ص顣
Ҫô˪ѯʡ
һᱡ·ϸʩ롣ǵʵǺ˪·ȫˣЧãʩҲ㣬˪ĻҲδؿʱһⲻɣǿɾͼɵˡ
˪˵ͷЩ˼
ҩòܴ·ڳ洩ĳȹҲֻд׵ˡ
СӣǵȰɣعһЦȻʲô
᳼Щ֣žǰԼ˪϶Ҫ£Ϊ˸˪Ҫǲˣåô
᳼գһϲǸ˾
˳ȥ
˪ȥ£ᱡ¶˳͸µķ϶Կ˪ѩ׵ļעĻ˪ǰķµʱ򣬻жôˣһѵǵĻ궼ˡ
㿴ʲô˪ɫ糺죬һܱصˣûһǰ¶
ͦϵأֹһѾץ롣
˪ǵĻˡ
ʲôϷô
Ǹ˪˵ĻᣬĽѾ˪ؿڡһ˪ķ֮䣬˪С඼
֮ǰδе
ʵ֪˪еʲôֻǸݺţġľʹһֿԽٶĶ뷨
ôˣô˪ѯʣ޵ġ
ûСһ֮ͣһ£ΪҪڼ̵ʱʮ룬һ´ǰһ˪˺ܹؼֱ壬ҪκεĶ
ã˪˵֮󣬶Ҵںˡ
һ̡
˪ǵֿ쵽˼£ʮǰ裬ЩһţһͣʱȻڴڴǵֶڷ
ô
ţýƶˡ
Ŷ
ûʩչֶ뷨ȻѶȡЩԳôƴҲ׬ǮˣС㣬ָҡ
õġ˪ʩַȻȫǣڸǲ
ף˪С֣ϸһ£һɫеӣ˪ֳ˵ǣֻʵС㣬ðһ£ô
˪ʱŭӿǸռıˣ̽顣
˪˵˵˸˵ĻС㣬㿴ǱãΣŶգУѰһ滨ѹģΪΣҾɲŮò赺ϡ
쵰
˪Ҳܲסˣһƾǳǳ˹ȥ
ʱֻǵִһ⣬ѸٵĻ˪С֣Ȼæץס˪İơ
С㣬ʲôüͷ壬Ҫˡ
úõظ˪ôҪơ
ڰ
㻹ʲô㲻úõĸҽⶾȴ˵ЩϷңֱ޲硣˪ܷŭΧವġ
ҵϷ㣿ЦˣúÿڷɢעȻڶۿˡ
˪ǵĿ⿴ȥָֻ治֪ɶʱ򱻻һӣһɹɺڵķѪֿ˿ǵ棬ڻץһ룬ʱЩȡ
Ȼˡ
˵ЩᱡĻֻΪתע̴ָʱ򣬲ôʹ
ǸжǺڡ
Ҫˡ
ǣԲҲǹġ
ˣ˭ҽǲˣôǮҾ͵ȸһԺĺءǰ˰֣ҲѺ˪ŮʲôƢ
ͣ˪̲סЦˣȱǮֲҽԺſңҪҿ
û취оȱǮҲЦЦ뵽ҽԺſ˪飬ԾǿڵС㣬ĶϾܽˡðһ£θ¾ʹ費ҪҲһ£ֻҪһ򣬰ҩ
ܱܲ˵ôֱӣſھǮ˪һۡ
ϰߣϰߣؼ̫û취ڨڨͬʱز룬ǺѪðĸˡ
Уһɣ˪ûٷ
ϣͲˣȻҸ㿪ŷӣ㰴ʱҩˡһЦһ׬ֵͦġ


24 湽
ֵܲô
ŷӣҲͲʮ֣ȴ׬һֶдǧˡ
Ǽ룬ĺѪѾԽԽ٣ûкѪʱⶾҲǽˡ

ҲŶʮ꣬ûйڶʮһգ㻹ǽǰɣŤ
ţҲͦŤġ˪ѵõЦЦǣܿеʲôô
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25 Ūҵĸ
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һֱһСʱ
룬ŤŤ͵ĲӣˣѾסүڵĶأʱĻүǰȫˡүӵػָһЩԪǲôˡүѹҪȫⶾС
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26 žžžž
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˪ǵıһζһ˲˺棺ɽ㲻Ҫʲôһɽʮҵ棬ǴˮƯһεĻɽĿҲð˺ܴķա

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뵽ϻҪëСսѧԺЩڴһѧԺѧˡͻƵһȥЦˣˣػ˼
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ҲݣҸͲʶʲôַɡϴŭˣСӣˡǮƣ֣Ҫֻ㵲˱˵Ĳ·
˵ãнģһǵһμˣͳһ㣬ʮֻҪȥ˿ַɵ˫˫ţҸʮļǮǺƣһǮ粻ںӡ
ϴʮˣⶼʮˡһСܵҲð˽⡣
ݣʮǲˣ治ʶַɡֵǣϻˣһѧиëߵǮϴ˵󣬴˳еţǾǳȥ
Сܸһϡ
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ĸСѾǰ衣
΢΢Ц¶һֻ紩һ㣬ݺݵĸСϡ
žžžž
ǿǸû顣
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ǰһŲǸϴؿڣɷַɵ׸ǶǮ˲ҪĸԸң
ϴѾ±ˣһɱĸ⻹ô
˵һ䣬治ʶַɰ


27 ţĻʽ
ǿϴȻػŭأûУ
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ȷʵ˵ģѧ֮󣬸ߣ߼жȵȡҲǰǾúѵ֪ʶԺȴһѧͻᡣҲǵԼھид
ֻǵżû͸оʹľҼԵߡ󣬵ԺԪĸֻߵʲô̶ȡ
ʱܿ쵽˰˵㡣
ĦǿʼϿΣλͬѧҺܸˡһڿΣҪϰ׽ĶƪϰĹ֮УһָеĴ󡣡

ûмĦڿΡ
Ź湽ֱȥҺţˡ
ʦᡣ
ҵţʱȴǿһɴ̴ӺţСԺֱ
Ŀɿڴˣţʲô
ֻţ֪֪ҵһȻ֪￳һѲʲô
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ôĦʲôĹ
ѧģżΪ׾ɹ
ŶǴ￳Ĳ𣿡
ѧԺǲٵģҾ㿳һá
ѾŪţˡǵϸǹ￴ȥʱѾֹŪţôˡ
ţ棬ʲôǳʵ
Ժ˵ôʵҲûзʲôͷһЩǧ˲ΣڣһЩ黨֮ġϧˣѧԺûʲôޣȻٷŵҰζȥζ϶áţȫʧԼĳ֮Уûע⵽ɱ˵۾
ţǸܼӡҲƲסԼŭһţֱӾǰѺţ߷˳ȥ


28 ԺҪ
ţĲҽУԶڽϿεĦǶˡ
ˣ϶ǺţǻĻʽ汻ԺˡĦĵʱ˶ЩˣţҸģԺҲһٰɣӵĺţҪǱԺͷˣҪҡ
Ħ֮С
Ѿץźţ˽ңͣڲ岥һš
ĦѧֵĿǣԼЩǱĺţ
ǰѺţק˽̨棬ŭѧԺʲôطǵļҰţԼ˵˵㶼ѧԺʲô
ţһԺԼ˵ˣѧԺǼңԼεҩʲôô
Ħ۾ˡ
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ѧѾĿɿڴ
ĺţʦȻԺһ߷ˡ
ƺŸ㶮ԺѧԺϴ󰡣
ʦΪ֪жߣţʦʦȻ޷֮

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Ժ鰡ţŻˣǰˡ
֪˾ͺáһЦȻѧԺһӦƶȻûƣΪѧԺԺȨĲΪзġҵ˼ǣзģ1һѧԺ2ﱾԺʴ衣
ʵ˵ͷǸ֪ͷţʲô
ͺţԼ϶ܡܳͷģ۹ʣˣѧԺʦûйʡͨѧԺĿǰ⼸ˣոͨˡ¼棿УѧԺĵݶûʹء
ţֻͷһϲ
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ģвϡǿ˺ţɻֱԵ
Ժһ飬Ҫ١ţȻڣĦǴá
ʲôǱΪôˣû뵽ջ񣬡ҼĦʦù棬ġңΪҸߣͰ棬ɴ档
⻰ѾĿӣĦǣţʦ˵ǲģ
Ħޱȡ
̾һҲúõطʡһ£˵˵ȥǵĻҲӳһʵѧԺȱĶ̫ˣҪɹһУܰһҳаá
ڰ˭ҵĳУǲԾľ뵽÷
ţĦǼѡǿѾ˵ˣóԵĶǺȥñʲôȳѩ֡ѩ̣һֻ֣ǿˮֱ
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ĦǣȻҲ˴ȴţأͷͺţһɨ
ǣԺ

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飬οʴϻۣѾԼҲһֱš
УҪȥæȥС
ţ֪ˡЦЦѾƻˣͰ÷ĳиգ̣СѵڸѵĲˣȥٽһȭ
æȥɣ

ڶ硣
ȥһүӣɫ˺ܶ࣬Ѿõˡ
˪һֱүӣȴϰȥˡ
ҽԺʱȴ˿ַɡ
ƺַһֱ
٣ֱʣҿǺúüʶˡǲ䲻
ʲôֱʣַüǵ۾￴һɱ⣬Īĸо˾ЩԸҲûеһĵزɣ
ϣĸСѵȥģЦ
ʲôС죿㲻ΪȥԸ˰ɣַüͷ˵ǣ㲻Դ⣬ɽУ˽⣬Ҫ˵äĿȥԸ㣬ÿô
һѵ㣿
ϻȻҡַȻȷʵŪǵĳ嶯ҲԸⱻڹҽȥúò飬ĸСԸ㣬Ϳɱ֣Сˡ
һģġ֪ʲô˼ʵ
㣬Ȼ飬ȥǱߵĿȹһôַָָ
ûȤлֱ˵ɣҡҡͷַɲƲ磬벻ɵȱ
һ֧ƱӦҵ˼ַɵĮ˵š
̫˰ɡҡҡͷҲıƺ飬㻹ջȥɣ
ǣЩʶ̧١ַɵȻ䣬һǧֻҪβܣҿԸһǧ򡣡
ǺȵѾȫʧȥġ
һǧҲ̫Сˡ
籧˪ĴءؼֻҪκүӣһɽ͵ˣǿַܸġ
ǣڵġַ۾з׹⡣
ҵš΢΢һЦΪ⡣ѾͨˣǱ˿ġοɽУҵĵַ̣뿿κԸҲȿͬͬ⡣
ߣַɿȥıӰȴ޴ֵĸоɽڣԸǣܡ˽ɱ˻һ⣬ֻһмְ취


29 ʼ
ʱ
ȥ˳Уֻǻߵ㣬Ͱѳиˡ
ôණȫŪѧԺ棬ԺͿѧԺ濪һҳˡ룬ٶȿɲˣЩưʲôģҲȫŪѧԺƿˮ緹ˡ
æ˿һСʱǰѳиˡ
룬˼й̵ĵ绰糿Ȼ͹Żȥˡ
ڶ糿пտҲʱ÷ˡ
ֻ̨лһֽ
̣иҹҪpartyǳиˣܼʮ㣬Ҹ˸ۣʮǮѾתĿˡˣҵġ
Ȼǡ
÷֪ôԼ飬û˵ĸpartyģǾȻĹư裬ڿ㡢֮Ķȫˡ⿪ʲôЦ
ǿпȷʵʮǮ÷Ϊбϴˡ
÷뵽ǽ糿һµӣһСӵװѳĶ˭ˣһҹ֮һҳаգôһۼûУˣ
÷ϵǣȴǸϵ
˿̵ѧԺ棬æΪҪЩƷŹãţܲԺѧԺĵһҳˡ
ǵԡ
Ħ촽ЩƶɮôûмĿƷþĻҲþ£һһܳԵô
ţһԺǸʲôõģֵӣ
Ƕʱͷޱȣò˽͡
жһ飬ǾҲǳ֮ƣԺнʦҪһִѵУҳȥҵ鼮ȸҺúÿ
ĦǺͺţ˵ͷ
ֻǳȥ֮Ǿ˸õ⣺Ҫʲô鼮ڲеԣƽ壬ֻôһЩСѧƵ͵飬ɷˡϧѧԺû취磬Ȼ͸ˡҲûϵЩ籦ͺˡ

ʱȥת۾졣
棬ĦǺͺţԶһƽԣ߲ݵѧϰ㲻Եôˡǿ˵ĽҲԼǻ۸۷ˡˣԺʦѵһҪΪѧԺһߡ
棬ѧĽҲС
ۿɽҪʼ֮˻д裬ʽˣǻ磬һͲͨݿԽ̳ġǿǶ͵ȡɽǰȡϵͳء
ԼڵʵôǻЩġ
һĻ϶û⡣Ҫ⼸ѧУѧȽһжвĸûм
ԺͷİɣǶˣμɽѧļǲһأҲĻҶĻõһ֮˵ʱ̾һϧҲĶֻ֣Ϊøڶˡ
ؼʱҵӣһȥôʰǡǸ֮࣬Ҳв
Ժܷģҵ洫һȺ֪ʲôСƨ򣬼ֱѹĦЦЦ֮ʱҽǵֶζóǧҪѧԺ
ǣʦͬʮ㡣
ʵҲܸо֮ĽĦǵָ£̥һ㡣֪֮׽гЧǻѧҲѾѧ˺üס
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ӭųϰƪʱȫůġ
ĦǸǣ֢״ʹϾܻˡһƵģϾһ޵еḶ́һʵķԾ
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صҵʱ÷Ѿ緹
ǣãϽԷ÷кǡ
лл̡ЦЦ¡
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΢΢һЦģ϶û⡣
ȴǲ裬ʲôǰʮҵĿǹھ
ãСˡ÷ЦЦȴǸûе棬ϽԵ㣬
ţ˵ͷΪһ֮ɣĵȷܴ

磬ɽݡ
ǿɽХĹڣЩ˶ۿġ
ѧнţ֮Ա߸ǵӰӡȻҲһˣһݣܵûӰˡȥʲôˣǻ˵Ȼȥû츳ѧ
ŵͿʼˡ
˴ѧ160ˣɽ50ѧݵ볡رֳĿ飬ѡָݳǩͬʱбÿһʱ޶Ϊӣ֮ڣǷһѡֱжѡֵ÷жʤ
Կʼ֮ǰܲһѵıԼβЧ÷֡
Щͷʱܲ˷ϻţһϤ˳ǵ֮Уɽег棬ֻһʼǱ߾ѡ½ˡ
֮Ƕʲôʱҵˣѯʵ
ǵ7飬3ء֮
14飬1ء
֪ˣǺúñȥط䡣˵ֲ꣬ˣ֮
ôεԺҲͷһˡ


30 ˵С
ͬʱУǼ򵥵Ŀһ¡
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ѧס˵սҪûУһҪݡ˵š
Ҷѧȭͷһ˿׹⣬˵ҵȭһô
ǿ϶ģȭǹȭúܡҪҪҳ򡣡뵽һΪԭܾ˱˳żµļЧӲǸûˡ
ˡ
ִݴ֮ëСȼѧԱùǶ˲
Ϊ˱ס룬ڹǰ˾״֤δѧԱҪһǰʮΪˣǰԼ⴫һȭ˳νǹעһ
ߣǸǵȷʵЩ汾£ĸ춼ûκôֻܣѵܷ졣ҽ̸ѧһױɱȭѧ˵ǰʮȡùھпܡţҲǳ˺⡣
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߳ʱ֮ϳˡ
ʱԱߣ˶ڿ֮ı
ʦӵĶһеģСգʵӵĶ֡
Ħʦľĵ̣۽ȻѧԱģǾӮҲҪӮƯСǵ
š˵ͷȻ˲֪ѧԺ֪ԼѧԺսʦ쿴Կʼˡ
Сͷ˽õĺȻǾȭ
ȻǾȭΪ֮еȭǸСᣬӦúܿͻܡϯϣһЦ
ȭǿֻҪܰѾȭ¯ľ磬Ըʮͨ˶⡣˸ŵһ۾ܿ˳Եʤ糬ҵȺܶడ
ǱǶ˼뷹ѡ΢΢һЦԵΪԺ
ֻǽ飬Ϻ޲Ҹȥ
ֻ֮ȫ˴СյĹڴСƴһȭ֮ʱȻһǶȥˡСƺû뵽֮㣬ٴι֮һȭһȭơ
ÿһжǶʳһϧҡ֮²һֹĲҶ㣬ôСնǻλۣȫĹĿɿڴˡ
찡Ȼ㿪ˣ
㿴ǲƣ
ҵ谡ǷûУͷβ֮ƺһȦ棬ûдƶ
ϯϵһҲĿɿڴš
ڨڨСӽ֮ôӦֻһźĲȭȻ࣬ȴ㣬Բűȡ˱ˡֻǶܵĻ޷Ч÷֣Ǳذɡ
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棬֮ûеõһ֣СҲһⳡԾĿǰʵһ
ֻʣһˣڸʲôأЩ޵ȥֻҪһоȡʤ
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֮һӵʾͣ˽Ųûʱ䣬ˣʤɣ
СմϲֻҪ֮㣬϶Ķ֡
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䣡
Сڵϡ
ǲжЩɵˣӦ֮һӣ֣
֮΢΢һЦ漴˱Ӯˡ
ȫһƬȻ
ãӮƯ
˧֮ҪŮѡ
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˼ƨǣСùű֮һе֣ȡʤ
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ڹϯϵ÷͵Ļˣǣ׳һСɽһСĶô
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÷ǵĻ΢΢ġ
һţ˼ιꣿ
˺˵ʲô仰һȫЦˡ
Ÿû˼һĻشǵȻҲʮ꣡
˵֮ЩԵá
УҪЦˡй̲סˡ
ţ˼˵㳤ϡеĹڸɴֱӺ
ţŭɣ˿ʼ壬޲һų̛
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ߺȣͦôȭܵĿɲࡣ΢΢һЦԵЩƤĦǻѧ˲ٵѧ֪ʶһ۾Ϳȭںֻǿϧңذɣ
˵֮Ҳӭȥ
ŵƣ˫͵ŵ棬һԾǽӽף˫ŲסŵȭͷȻŵһзȥһ׶࣬ٲȻǵŵͷ
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תһżصʱһŵŵļµһţЯȫǰŸĵ˵ϡײ޴죬ԵѡֶǱסˡ
˿ȴ˫ȶ˵ţŲ˽ţ֣ɵ˵һнܣˡ
ѻȸ
ʿˮ϶⡭ǡô
⼸һ޵Ļ˼ȴȫ෴


31 ҿϵͳbug
ڹϵˣһ仰˵ˡ˵һ䣬Ͼͱ˵ˣϿĸѧĸѧ϶ùǰѾһСգһţӵ
̨Ǳߡ
ѧѾɵۣ̫ˣĶô
ѧѾˣųˡ
һнţŵʽ׺䶥һ㡣ѧѧµѹ书Ҳ˵ӮţοһɱһԱѧѾʼź治Ҫˡ
۴ͣоһֻǰɹ쵰ֻڵʱ䣬ô̳ܽɫѧⲻѧ
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ں÷ʲôоڿ̧ͷĿײŵ˲ӡ
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ҿϵͳbug
һ̲סǷˣҩ裬ȫҩŪ깦ҩ裬ȥһ͵Ԫ
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ƺΪ֣Ҳô
ϵͳ˵ôܱ깦ҩ裬ҪҪң
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¹ҩ谡˵ǴĻ¾һСbossˡ
ĪüȴҪôӦǵıˡ

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һȭȻӺ˳ϳˣŷҮ
ٶȺܿ죬߾ʱ򣬸ûע⵽µ̨ףֻǰۿҪ֮ǡ
ڴʱ
ۼֿ죬һץסĸ첲һקһ١
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䣺15
츳A
ϵͳ飺е츳Ա¼ȡ
ǶʱסˣA츳ȻһA츳ѧԺ
ͬʱ
һƺЩϤСƣôʲôϽȭס


32 Խǳɶ
̲סͷһסˡ
㣡
㣡
ԭվŵĲǱˣǴڹŮѧһŮѧ;ƴһģһȭԽܶȭġЩȭ
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СôԺ·ҪСĵ㡣ǰעŵ˾ϣҪԵĶ
ţոлл㣬ҽǰʶôƺ
һ档ǵ
СƣҪİ˵ŮѧȴЩˡ
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䣺20
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ģҲһĶ֣֮ҲԶˣһȡʤѧʮ㡣
ãҽ̳ѧҲ߰ƺѾѧڡ


33 ̫꣬
ʮѡ֣Ϊʮ顣
ѧ֮ڵڶ飬ڵ顣
ıǵʱȻǺٴοһл֣ܶڳ˻Ѿľˡ
һϳʱѾ˿ʼߺһи硯ˡ
÷ɹǰʮ֮࣬Ƕ޲ڣھҪǷֻ÷֪ǵõ˪һǧһѾǧ̣ŵĽں
ܿ졣
ѧ֮ıԡ
Ǻ¶ڹעⳡԣѧĽ棬Ҳ֮ļӽ֡
Ƕ֮ǺܷĵģȻֻ֮Ǹ˲ʮʱ䣬ĦǿǸ˲ٵСǺţ֮˲εҩĵһЩҩ֮Ϊ١
Ŀǰˡ
Ѿﵽļӽ弶
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ѧ֮ἰݵʱ򣬷ŭޱȡ
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֮ĶˮһǳɣҲֲܿ
һֱȡţû˿Ķ

ѧ𾪣侲
֪ԥˣʱϵʩչ½̸ľѧ
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֪ģһΣͱȻ϶˼塣ҲЩֻεԭ򡣿۲ѧһ֮ȴǸ˹
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̾һȷʵ֮ѵһѧǿѧ;ǲΪѧеϧ
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ʦѧôôˣӺĶ֡ü
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ھֻˣڻûеһ֣ѧѾ֡ЩʣȥѧʹԲе书϶ҲҵĶ֣ϧû
ʵ֮ȡʤа취ģͿܲ뵽ˡǲԾ뵽һѧֻǲ֪Ħûи֪֮ⷽʶ
Сӽѧôȭͣһ˲ţСﰡϳĬãֿˡ
ǰǰ漸ֺܻԾ֮ĺ޻֮սֱǺ˿ųϵƣ֪ܵƨ
϶ۻ𣬴ս֮ذܡ˿ϼʤѷ֣Ҳһϵƨ
֮ע⵽ʱ䡣
ʵѾ뵽ȡʤĲԣֻǾѧȴĦǽ̵ġ
Ħʦ˵ˣǿĵˣֻ˸գȡʤѧĦʦûнңԼ֪ĺֻ̫ƽʱүү̫ҲûʲôҪʩչȡʤô
֮ԥ
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̫꣬
ɵۣⲻǹ԰үүĶôҲõ
ʱȴ¶һЦݣȻ뵽ˡ


34 Ǵ
̫żµѧ˼룬Ϊүүÿ̫ܶ˶̫˹㳡һ㡣
֪֮˸գԿѧ˼롣
ûѧϰѧʽ뵽ģֻ̫
ֹЩĹڣѧɵˣ֮ӻˣ̣ѧұԣֱˡ
֮΢΢ЩΣȴ쳣˵ҵʦ˵κεѧʽֻ̬Ҫʵ˼롣ѧ䣬ѧ˼룬ǲѧСͨһķʹҡȡʤֻ˸ղС˸վѧ˼룬ڳ˼壬̫ʡ
֮һΪ֮𾪡
˼󣬰ͷ
Ѿƽıˡ
֮˵ѧȻھϾͳˡǺ֮ܲϣڶûҷ֮ĻΪ֮˵ȷʵ
֮ȻûʧܸĦǽ̵ģԼ֪ѧʽ룬̲ܲס޵
ʦӮôæʵ
˸գԿ;Ӯǵֻ˵һ仰Ҳҿ϶֮涮ˣǼٶˡ
Գϡ
Ϊ֮ƣвڻ
װһѸ˵֮˵۾棬Ѿһ֪ʶȡ书ꡣѧôͳĲ֮ڸǱ״뵽˷ɫ档
Ū飬ǰͲҵĶֻ֣ܸҵĶ֮֡Ҫ㡣ѧŭˣΪ֮һҪ֪ռƵĿҪҲΪǡ
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̫֮ΪԲ֮뵽үү˵Ļ̫Ķת
ͬʱĦǽڸһЩѧ֪ʶԺʲôؽڡѪȵȣһ˲ֻȻʵĸо
ѧȭͷѾĶߡ
ʱ֮۾бһ˵Ĺâֻ̽һֻֻ֣ƮƮľץסѧȭͷ
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أ
ѧһײЯž޴κĵ˵ϡ
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ڵʱ䣬Ѿʮ롣
ȭͷźѧȻѾҵƽһȭİ취ҪӲƴֻҪʮ룬Ǿƽ֡
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⻰һ˶Ƿʲôܡ
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ܣǴܣǲֻҪҲ֮ʦΪʦҲܱô
̳ѧôˣλʦ֪˵ãҲ²λʦ϶һλͨүү

ѧ˵ЩʲôȴЩ뱩¶ڹڵҰ
ǣ˵ǰ׷ԲԵүүء÷Ȥ
̨ľƣ΢΢һԭǴ˵ģ֮ѧ
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ѧĺУ֮ȴֹסΣ͵˺Ȼ˵һ˶Ļѧ㵱Һһɵһй󣬹Ҳûɶսȥƴô÷ͬòʤɣ
ѻȸĺÿӰ
֮ոյأ
ҿƽˣ
ݣ˿ӣ͸ҿ

ͣ
ѧ⻰һѪ˳


35 ҹھǾ
ѧһǱģһΪʹһȭȣθˣµѪ
֮ѧѪЩãȻզ£Ҫ֤ҸûдԼµѪ
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ĹڣҲ塣
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ͣ˶ʮӣܲѧ֮ıѧ֮ĵ÷һίͬʱΪѧ޷ı佫ڵʮеʮ
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Цʵһˮƽϣҵãҵʵܽǰʮȫ˵ˣ֮ǰӣѧǸţܾѾ̭ˡ
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ܽǰʮȻֻǿ
̲סҪһޣ仰˵̫ˡ
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˵ͷǵľڻûеһٱ㣬ҲøˡĶʵǲԺѧ书ҪһʦС
˵֮ȥ
һ仰ǰһ
ıԣҲǹǾᣬ䵽֮ϡ
˽ıֶܾʣǾпһսʱѾ㣬Ѿ˳ĹڣΪ˵ȺһսӲڡǵ֮ϳ֮˶Լˣ˵ĸо
ֻ֮˵ҵʦ֣ű죬Ķ֡һԣ䡣
ĻشǿӵţҹھǾ
жסˡ
ڴһսֻ߸ѡ
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ȴǸûѾϵͳʾ


36 ϵͳش
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ϵͳ
ǷܶôãΪʲôΪ
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ˡ
Ӱʱûо˭ٻ
ѧԺȱʦԱ̫࣬ٻһôĲС
ϵͳشأ涼ʲôʵؼĶشڴġ

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Ƿǵʱϵͳˣõشһһһְҵ￨ƣͨſƣٻһضְҵڶһöͨöԽһԼҪĽƷһѽѽ磬Ƕʹùǰޱ
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÷ԼߵǣȤǣС˹ھһ֣ûһɣ
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ȷʵûѶһ࣬˭˵Щˡ
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38 Ҷ
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47 ɺ
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˵ôʦڴɺʦˡ
ʦֺɺʦһԣԺҸġ
˵ƽ֮ӽɺʦ㣬Ϊѧϰ书Ҫ
ʲô˵ʦֺɺʦʵѾ̥ᣬǵĵһӻҪء
Ŷֲǰҿʦִɺʦ
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һҹ֮䣬ɺͳ˴Ŀ֮еɾ£ƽ֮Ǳ˴ĶиŮӸ浽Ⱥ˵ƽ֮ͼı죬ƽ֮ٿĪ硣
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ʱ˽ɺʵ˵ͳչһˡһҲҪעһӰǲǣ㿴ֵģȫɶ֪ͳѾ˷֮ʵ
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ҡҡͷʲôûУҶ˵ˣԺôˡ
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ͬʱ
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֪ŵӵģһ̣ޱȵء


48 뿪ǰĳ
Ҫľƽ֮أȻƽ֮Ļ
㵽˭ƽȻʳһ仰
˭Ҳʦܣʱġ񵭵˵ţԽԽװƵķ緶㣬Ҫ㣬Ҫһᣬһ㱨Ļᡣ
𣿡ƽ֮ЩĶζű
ҿԸᣬӦΪ飬Σȫ״̬ûиоԼôţƺ
ұ𣬱˵飬ʮ飬ҶӦƽ֮˼ľѿ˵
˵ͷϸһԼ˽Ц顣
Ц磬ʵǴڵЦñȣЦ֮ǰӦϴһΣںֻּҵŲҰȷʵϴ֣ǻûпʼ
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˵ѵˣ˵Ǹֵ˾㣿׺Ц
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׺ȴһϲţȻ˵Ѿ˻ɽɣٶ֣ûʸ˰ɣ
΢΢üǣ׺Ϊǿ뻪ɽɣ׶༪١
ҲʼȰ˵
ϧǱ뿪Ц磬ûлأһߵ̬뿪ˬܶࡣ
ȺʱҵɣߣТӣԸ뿪ɽȻ뻪ɽ޹ء
׺ϵٴζ֡
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ʱ¶һаЦݣ׺㣬ѾһˣȷһȡΪʲôɱ㣬Ϊ㻹еô
˵֮һƳ׺˹ȥ
ȵϢ˶Ϊ֣֮̿׺һ֪Բ飬ĸȷʵǱɱ


49 ܵ
ٵĵӣ̲סǷ˾֮̾
Ⱥɫѿ˻ֱǼδδţ˻뻪ɽɣͼʲô
ҲȻʦ̫ǿˣֻƾƾѹҴ
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׺ЦȻһţΪҲոմﵽ˼ѡ
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һƶԺ䡣
׺ɳȥʮ֮ԶѻɽɵĴײЩζ

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׺Żˣϵغˣͬʱ˦ö䶤
Ƕ׺ĹָƣȻзֻޱһ飬ö䶤ַ䵽׺ϡ
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ȥ߶ܣǴֻһ⣬ҸĶúšЩҪ˵Ȼһ֪Ϊʲô졣вЩƲ֡
Ӽæͷϻ̿֡
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С˸ǣ
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ɵˣѾ뵽϶֮򶫷Ҫ
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Ժǿ䣡
ԺǸո˵ĶָͶô
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ƺѾˡ
ǼϹʲôҺͶ׵ġŭȻͿʧЦ硣
ѧԺ棬ǼδЦӦ˳
ǳͨͿʼ䣬ֻǴ򿪵һҳͱ˸ָŵˡ
˹Թ
ԭģ⹦ȻҪԹţ̵ѧͨܿͰⲿ͸ˣŹ˽ݾٳ׽ٶȶ޷֮ȡ
ֻǿϧҪԹεҡҡͷԺѧԺʦˣ齨һоԺרŶֹоԴмֵĹȻⲿЩ̫ĻƺҲ
뿪׼ٴνЦ硣
ֻϵͳǣһڶνʱ䣬һ֮
룬㻹ҪȥѧҲһʱ֮ǰѾǽҪЦɵ񣬶ںϵǵĿԼĩѾ˽Ц´νȥɾҪ취ˡ
˶ǵ˵ͷ
룬Ц磬ҪǿҼ˵һ¹ԺԼЦһЩ顣


50 
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ܽһԼҪݣڵҪЦǿҪѼٷ֮ʮϵؼֻƾǼ˿϶ǲܵģһĶûС
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ޱȵļǿɶǺţƵġ
Ҫץʱ֮⣬ҪһԵġ
ҿһЦĻЦ磬ɵٸĵλһȺʿʵǿֵһطȫŽٸʿĵλߣ
ǵܽǾ޴ģܵ߸¡Щʿƾʲô˰ƾʲôͷԼյִ֪ʶѵڿƼĹŴܴһƬ
۾ˡ
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51 
ʱѾˣһȥ
ĳߵǽڣµĽֱӰǽڶпˡ
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ֻȻˣ˪ʱ˵绰


52 ָ
һ˽
ǣǲڵưɣ˵Ҫ嶯ǿַ˺飬Ҳ˪˵
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˪һ죺˭ˣүүһΣҴޡ
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ĸô飬ĸһĽ͡


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УΪ˷ֹдʵʩΰܣĸĸԲ˸ոյ顣һֵ
֪ˣԺ󲻻дˣǿԻȥˡ

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56 򷿷粨
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ĬĬһ̾Ȼˣô츳õѧȻ츳УǿΪѧҲǲԡΪѧ취ΪѧԺԱҲռһѧ
ֻ뵽ѧԺƸԱҪܵƣҡҡͷ
Ȼûϵͳʲôƣؿ϶Ͽ
ʮӺ
˪ûȴһķֵӡ
쿴ӹ˹ȥ磬ˣұ۸ˣأ
ǿ죬¶ЦݣֻСģϣҲҪѹźˡٺ٣ԱߵİϾƵ꣬·ϣѾ˷䣬312ˡ
㻵Ц
һ㲻ϲô˵꣬һа֮ɫ뵽Ͽ϶ܽƣá
Ϳǹòվͬʱǵܼزܼ֮һ缯Ŷ˵ϻġ˵ɽжȨƣǱҪǲҪĺá
΢΢һЦ˵ܼĻ±ô
̾˿˵ҺҲЩڣѾҴ˲СЬұʵֻ⡣
ǵ˵ͷһ㱻ˣԸһ졣
һ֪ɶ˼
ǱߵĹѾߵԱߣ۲һǣҲûɶ⣬Ӹµڱ̺ͥ£ǻĲͷˡڹµǸԹ⳥һһ棬Ȼ͵ŽӰɣ
ǺǺǣйڽУ
Ƕʱɫ䣬ŭãҶײھͺ˹ץ㡣
ʱ磬ԣΣҴңһӶҪ
˿óֻ˵Ҫֵʲôӳ绰ЩĿǡʵûǮûƵˣֻܱ۸
̾˿ȴ߳Ϊܼ࣬һС£ֵľ죬λǮˡ
ڲţ͵Ļָ͵ıӾǵ㵱ʲô۾ǹ˾Ա۸ˣ㾹Ȼ˵ҿҲøˣ˾ҪܵˣϽʰ̸ǹ
ͿЦϵ
ǿΧ˶ƸסˣЩ⡣
ɾʱһг˹
ܼ࣬Ǻ簡
Ǹûע⵽˵ˣѿھǵ˭ڸ٣ֳ
ѭȥѾһŮӡ
Ҳǿˣһ̾ˣٲ˵Ҫˡ˵缯ҲǴ˾ˣôԲСһһԲУһͻм顣
˪ǵĻβѣһϹ˵ʲôĸ˾ûһЩࡣ
ǴʱѾɫ䣬ŵϴɫ԰ף̿ޱȣܡС㡭


58 裬治ϱ
µĻ˶ɵˡ
ܣС㣿
ܱƺˣɽлбô
찡ǴС㣡
Ǹ˾ȻѴСҹˣǡ̫ˡ
СʲôݵλֻҪһ绰ܽ⣬ȴԹˣ˺ʹСʲôϵ
Ҫ뿪ͣҲޱȣԭ˵ҪҵĹ˾BOSSȻǴС㡣ǿݣڴСǰʲôιߵˣ缯ŵְҵĶͷˡ
ǵİ迴˪ȴ۾һ
˪ǰʱΪүү飬һĸо
ڵ˪һ࣬ľбѩŮôŹǣѾʹùŵĻ
ǲ֪˪Ȼֻжʮ꣬ȴֶΡ
ô缯ţ˪ľÿڳӡүô˪缯ţҲǿ˪ķǷܡ
˪ۿһ۹ǣܼ࣬ȥ֮󣬵ݴְŰɣ
⡯һ£ɫ԰ףֱ¹С㣬ҴˣԺҲˣٸһλᡣ
ٴαס
˪龭ûʣھùǴְǺεȵİ
Ҳ̲סһ͵͵ǣԽӻǵݡ
ԣ˪ôΪǡ
һˣ͸¹򣬲Ӷˡ˪мĿŹǣǸүүˣһֱزһ飬Ȼ˵ûʲôͣǿ͵ȷв١ӹ˾ߵǮ㹻Щˡڣþհɣ
С㣬ɶ˼ɫ΢䣬ֱ˿˵ĸо
˾ǼʻˣӦñҸڸҹȻ͵Ϸͥɣ
㡭㾹Ȼ֪

ɫ֣̿ҲҶ˵ߡ
˪ֶθˣǼʻ˲˺ܾöû˪Ȼ֪ﺦˣ˪˼ǰүӴˣͰͽˡ
ĵ𾪣Ϊ˪˽һ龭Ȼ͹Ǻÿ
ǣˡ
˪УʶԴǿӲ̬ƽ˴¡
Ҳǰ𾪣СȻ龭ʹ˴£һֺǵĸоǶԴС಻ٺøСΣСûγ˹ܼ˻޻˵

˪ˣʵ̺ͥҪӣ
ǵ˵ͷţҰϼסҲǺܷģԴɽһӣҲ߶ӡ
˪Ѿ˵˹ڿַ˰Ǹĸ飬ЩǸ⡣
ĸʱСǣӾǸҵС㣿
ǵģ裡
̺ã˪Ǻ裬ǵͬʱҲôš
úӣӢ޵˪Щ졣
СǣġɺȻҲһ䡣
裬ǲʲôˣҺ˪ֻͨѣֹϵ
ǲ˵ã˵˪ӵΡ
Ȼӵ顣
˪ȻˣҲûд뿪
Ǳ̺ͥ۾˽ߵķԴѡ
ǣҪַ
š
̺ͥ۵ַС߲Ѿˣʣµֻм
һǱôô
ҲˣλúõҪǧ򣬲һҲҪǧ򡣡Ϳ˿ǣƺ̽ǵλΪǵıǸߵסլΪʡȥҵ鷳ÿʦĶװޣһֱܺ
Ǻã̫ˡֹһ
ҿȴȥ룬ſ֮һϲ
ǺðɣǾˣҪ˼˲Ρ
˳ű̺ͥĿڵȥ
̺֮ͥԽ̺ͥҪΪһͥЩҲͥ졣źߣԿһŵıţһƶٶධٵıѾסˡ
һŵıΪԼ۸󣬺ҪһЩͽ͵бװޣмַ񣬸ո㲻˵ԼһЩͺôҾȴǿһִԼ͵ġ
һţмһ
ıźǲ
ⶰҪǮʵ
ǧ߰򡣡͵СԸ⣬Ըۡ
ǳ˪ȥȴǷĸ˪˵Щʲô
Ƕʱѿھǵ裬治ϱ
һ˲䣬ѻȸ
ͱ׵ˣоԼǺ˪Ĺϵˡ
ϱԭǶϱ
˪һ˵ʲôȴĹĵģɴݺݵصһۡ
ɿһСǣ˵ʲôأ˪Ǹһⷿӵװޡ˵˪Ǳ
ĸҲǸŵǰ˪Ѿͷͦġ
ĸĻǶʱйƤ
ǿˣֻһᣬ˪Ѿȫĸˡ
ǲԾֹһû뵽ŮҲôѵS츳Դܣӵ
ûٿҪָĸԺϲ
˪ǧ߰һʱòôǮǷһЩôǸɴ
ô󣿡ĸ׵һ
СǣҪǻ߰ɣҲǵ
ô˪ڣȴ˵һĿɿڴĻȻˣⶰ͵͸ģˡ
ۣɵˡ
С㣡Ҳɵˡ
˪Ұ裬衣̲ס˳
ŶǾ͸ġ˪֪Լȴ򶨣֮ǰܱǸ尢ܾˣ͵⳥ˡ


59 Ц
⳥ǲĶ
νб˲ռ˵ο˪ıˡ
ռһҪռ
ҪڴӦĸ׺Ӣȴȵ˪ǧ߰򣬲ߣǲҪ
ҲǸŵǺǮǵĶǾԲҪСǣȥķӣͲˡ
˪ǸĸĻ㵲ѡ
ҲȻ
֪ĸʵǧ߰ıȴȻܲΪ֮ĶѾʵˡ
ϡ֮䣬ǿ˸ĸѧ
̰㣡
̾һ˪㶼ˣҰ費ܰҪı㻹ǲҪˡǼȻǴӲǷ˼κζǶж飬ҪĶѾˣǷ
˪Щʧ䡣
ԣⶰΪá
˵ţ˲˳ǧ˲ΣϴǧүүѾˣǧЩصǾǧȥ֮󣬸үүÿһ㣬˼Գꡣ
Ȼ㲻Ҫҿ԰˲ҩã᳼Ը⹺򡣴¾ˣ㻮һҪˣǮȱġ
ȱǮôȱ
ӵѧԺù˼ѧԺԺķչĶŪΪ׸׾ٵ顣
ʲôлһ治˵˪һۣȴǺȻЦˣȻִҪԼⶰǰ֮ǰ˵ģȻǧǧ˲ΣҲҪǧ߰ǧɱۡĻһҪǧ򣬶԰ɣ
šǵ˵ͷûɶ
һǧ˲λһǧǧ˲εĳ嶯
뵽Щ˲ζҩǴס뷨
ȻҲֻǴס뷨
̫ȱǮˣûڲٵļһԻѧԺ˲εġ
һȻѡ
ǮˣڶǧһҪǧһҪǧ
ǧ߰ı۵ǧ۾գһ¡
˵֮˪ӹǵ˲ΣȻȥ
ǵĸĸЩɵĸ㲻״
һǧ˲ε飬ǹϵ˵ǧ˲Ҳϵʿ͵ġ
֮͸ˡ
˪һᣬ˵үүԸ֪ɶʱʱ䣿
үӱϾǳҲֱӾֻܾõɣ⼸æ
˪˵ͷû˵ʲô

ˣ滹ȱ˺ܶණ
ʱһֱŸĸɹƷ

ѧԺļѧҵǡ
ѾѧǰЦ硣
ѧͦôЦǺǵ
Ժѵˣյİѱæѧ졣Ȼ¶һЦݡ
һҲѧ˰ǲòпǰԸɲ¡
ڨڨҲоԼı仯
ø󣬸ǣҲôһ
棬룬ѿؼ񣺡ؼȥǽ㡣ʱһƽ֮ϼûҵаףͰȻ齨һ֮ҲÿһЩ֡
Ժ֪ˡ
ãȥɣ
һ˾ͽЦ硣
ѡЦһʱ䣬ʱӦùȥ¡
µļѧҲٴνЦʱδ
˼ȥ֮ǿʼ˼Ժ·Ҫôߡ
ڵѧԺȱĶ̫ˡһֱĥĥģ̫ѧԺķչҲҸûһ˼·С
ȣѧ⡣ѧԺĸְʮѧѧԺֻѧ̫ˡ
Σʦ⣬̺ҶȥΣҲֻĸʦԶԶұ뾡ϵͳ񣬻ø￨ƲС
ţѧԺҪһĻѧԺҪɹĶϴҰ̵ĳУѾ˻ɣԺ϶СѧԺӵѧԺΪĹ˾ǹ

ԼҪ֮󣬶δ·Ҳ˼֡
ڶ糿
ڱ̨
ǰǾŵͥܿԾˮ档
һ糿ǵΪ־˼֣׽Ȼǿ书ȫԵѧԺŹ
վһ
ĸѾ˷
Ȼĸ׵ĳԶЩȲȴζġ
Թ
ǳţһҪҪǾ߹ݣ
ϵͳ֧񣬽ǱҪˡ


60 װƣ˰
湦ݣɽݣҲѧУָݡ
ȻרѾڹʲôгαѧִӰҵС˵ıɵӰӾ磬ʹò˶
湦ſڣ̽ңһ⡣
߹ǾҪ߹ݵӡ
ֻһԾ𣬽ŵߵӣֱϿ׶ߡ
ȻץסңͰҸȡ
ٿһĻˣȫɵˡ˿εĹ򣬼ֱ˺Ȼ֪⻹ûоȫȻͲýӽֱӾҸȡ
һٶͱ档
ٽȻûпȡҵΣҲ֪ô¡
߹ݣ߹ݣ
ݵģΪѧԼȱ߹ǳе顣
湦ɽʱҲ˼ݣǼѾաô꣬湦ɽжһ湦书߹ݵģѾǶδˡ
档
ǿŶʮ΢΢һЦ˼߹ˡ
赭дһ仰ֻЦѡ
Сӣ֪湦ʲôطô߹ݣǻĲͷˡһᣬȴǸûа
߹ݣǶûзˣû뵽Ȼ˸湦书߹ݡ
СΪ߹СӹҼأ
˫ȣӳȥ

Ա߻вٽѧԱ
еĽЦŶԼѧԱЩԴӼݣѾгֵĹһϸǵ׵ôӦսԵеġ
еĽܻװƣԸֻҪһСֻҪҺúѧԺһʮС˼
еĽǺܺģһᣬվ˲ȣ֪ûɶ¡
඼ϲֵģ˶ǵС󣬲ֵȴԽԽࡣ
ϵ˶ˡ
湦ݵĳפѾˣΪٳ棬湦ݵ飬ڴ
ǣɫࣺСӣ߹ݿǺ࣬߹ݣòзϵ׼ûУ
߹ݵǵǲ֪
ô
ЦˣһҪô֣Ȼ㶼˵ˣһҾͲˣ˵
ȻЦ
֣
ݵĽ˵֣ǫ飬˵ֻᱻ˵Բѡ
֪˵棬ָһ۽ȥ˫˫ţңӳȥ
۽һĿĽǿĽǰ
һǿǿֱ֡
ϣôʰ۽Щ˷ܣȥʰǣǻСһһµĽӦǶٰɣ
ԣǶ٣
۽ûǵ£ʰˣܴܺ
۽ǱȹܶһƾܰСĵȥ
۽Ҫǽ
ѧԱǶˣʵսĻɲ࣬һúùĦѧϰ۽սɣʽ

ΧɽХʮΧǵĸо
ƺϲָо
ñ˵⣬ñ˿ñ˾ˬľУ
أ۽ܣ첲ϵļ⣬ȻƿTСϵļ⣬ָָȣƺ˵ҲȫǼ⡣
һĻ۽ʱ־ָǾǵСӣҪ֮㡣
У
һ˵⻰ģǶǶԼʵš
ǷһۣⲻӦ̨ô
װƳɹ۽Լı֣ΪװĸһЩֵָɣȳС
ԣװǺΪҲ˵Ļãȳǰɣ֪ûʵţƵ³
ǲن£Сȥ
ʩչСǿɱ֮ˡ
۽ϵЦһ˲ûˣǳѾʼǵǵǰʱȴ֪óȭ
Ʈҡڵһ
۽סˣǿûС
ǳˡ
Խߵ۽ֱһϹȭ۽°ͺȥ
۽ҺһϷȥݶǷɳš
һȭ֣˺һ
䣡
۽ӿѵҵĶǻ˻ΣҲֱ˹ȥ
Ǻһ۽һĭװƣ˰
ᣬ۽ôôһȭˣ
ʲô۽Ϊʲô֣ôо۽ǹⱻһ
ҿҾˣⳡ治԰
۽ڽʲôսɣиѧԱɵʵ
̸ëߣ˶ˣǱˡиֹɫѿ
һüͷ壬ǣصСӣʸ֪ˡ
ǾȻ֪ǵ֡
ʵұֻΪһС֪֪Ҳνȫôһˡ
ƾһȭʰ۽߹ݲɹҲñ˼ס֡
ǶʱǺˣװƣ֪ҵ֣˵ȻǿûǸʸ񡣡
ߣװ˭ᡣ
仰˵һ˶ԷĳޣҲһλװơ


61 ʵ߹
⻰оǱ˳һ⡣
ݵĽҲɫѿǸоǶǵӡ
ϣٴָһˡ
۽ٶȿ죬Ӧ
ǷӦһߵǶ棺СӣԲѣôˡ
˿ϳġ
ͣһҪˣ
óıȣɹ
ҪӮ¾͸ѵˡ

ôΪͣʮ㣺Сӣȥɣ
ûѧ۽λ֪ȻҪԡٶȾͿ죬ֻҪռȻͲٸǻֵĻᡣ
һֱǵԴ˿顣
ȴ벻⣬ҡҰڣηô½Ƕ
ʮȥ±ˡ
һȣһȶŲǰλҲ̫ˡ
̫̫ˣ
ҡͷ
첻ѣٶȶȻǿ֡
죬Ǹ졣
ǼʮйȥˣԼȶˡ
үүô
˵ţһץȻɵؾץס˷ȣû˼ˡ
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أ
ײǽϣ˹ȥ
һľ
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̫ˣôҲаʮǱץһ
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ǿ쿴ݵЩˡ

һ΢ĲΪҲ׵ʤ˷
ʵȻǸʵ̫ǿҪǴġ
Сֵܣ߹ݣλƽĳҲ㿪ݣѾ㹻֤Լʵþհɣ
˵⻰Ȼǡ
Ǹ߿Ǽۡ
ѧڿǣҪҪǵѧϰ
ֻȴҡҡͷˣҿûд㿪ݡ߹Ϊ˽ѵһˣǸ˽£湦ݵĽǵڣҶûпǲûϰࣿ
ٽµ֣Щߺޡ
ԭɷġ
̲סüͷǰձΪӣڸŹѧϰû
»
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ŭ㻹ûˣôǳսҲܰſ¡
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ѧԱʼ湦ݳ˷С
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ʲô˵һ
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Щôͨˣĸһ򼸵ĺݽɫ

ͨ죺ã˵ġλһϣҲҪ£һҵš
һȺﻹ
Ǻһǲмں֮ڣɣ
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⻹ôΧ۵ĳȺӶҪˡ
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Һ񿴵ϵۣǷࡣ۵
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ݵ汻˲ȵ棬Ժ湦ݶԹŴˡ
ֳţһ̫ˡ
⻰ͿƲסԼСӣҷ㣡
һԾԱߣһﻹ̲סˡ
ֻǵȻ

Ǻһһ˦ȥͰѳ͸ˡ
һ
ڵϣһѪ˳
º˵һ顣䣬˵һ£ͬʱҷŵ˸ǰľһֻţһˡ
˿ǣη塣
ҧҧóֻݳˡ
绰ꡣ
ȴۿǣСӣҵģϾͻ½һһЩ湦ģոմЩǰɣҪǹҪʮֹ
ǡŶһ벻⣺֪ˣǹɣ
ʲôʲӹߣЩͨˣǷַӵ顣
˲мҲö졣
˶ڵȴ֮УҲڴǺ湦ݵĹһս
湦ݵĹֽڶʮǰһ֣ɽڻս·ֵĴ˵
ĳɽе߸ݲñС


62 ް
˽ĵȴ֮Уˡ
ͬĻӡ
Ǵһˡ
£ȫϢȻǰ⹦һĵز
ǳԾĻ𣬴Ѿʮ꣬ޱȣȴһɺ춯صơ
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˾԰⹦۷壬˫ֲϼ룬ϵĹ϶һվ˫˴֮һվ;һһϦɵġţѾ֪鴫
ʦǣ뿪֮ǰΪʦ¿ڵһʱϳǣӦúµģԴӼʶʵѾвˡ
ߣ߹ݣÿԽַ㡣š
ԭ˵ͷЩ˲ǣڣСҶ˳֪ô
ﰵ⣺ʧְǸҲû˺֮ǡ
վ
ߵĶ棬ӹҳе֮ǰܷҺ½һ˽˶Թ˵߹ݣʵΪ¡
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65 ѧԺʦ
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ԲԲȻóһѧԺĿαǶûϵġ
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ֲãԭ̲ס߿˳ԲԲۣǷ³ĲŮеģԲԲȻˣʱ񴦴һְɵĺõĻԺκҪ󡣡
ҵκҪ󣿡ԲԲôǣ۾ģ̲סëȻ


72 ѧƳΣ
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ļѾᱼӢΣ츳ϲǳ׵Ŀˡ
ˣЪϢҲЪ˰ɣȥǱ߸ҾʯͷȥĦǴߴ
ǣʦͬʱ
νľʯͷʵĦǿѵʽ
ĦǷ֣һֱ׽۵ļȫӳܸһЩģӵĸ졣
еʯͷĦǰռ˵ļġ
ż˾ʯͷĦҲһȫͨζֻҪܴͨζΪԪҲܴ꼶ѧˣٺ٣
Ħ꼶ѧҪԴڻغͳԲԲ졣
ݻغͳԲԲ˵˵ԺѧԺ϶Ҫְģһ꼶ѧǸŵ꼶ѧ꼶Ԫѧ꼶֮ϣ϶иߵľ磬ⲻĦֽ׶λῼǵġ
ؼĲĦ˵ˣԺʦ꼶ͬܵĴҲͬ
Ȼ֪ʦʲôĦǾһҪȡһ¡
ĦԱߣԲԲĴȡ
ɽԾľǿ˹ȥףͷ
Ȼˡ
˿̵𻹴֮Уɽ֮ԼɽһΪֻǻþһ·⹬ԽԽڵ˹ſڣȷ⹬ʵڵġֻһɶʱģôһϢûС
ǺˣѧԺԲԲվǺȵ
һע⵽ǰļˡ
ǼŮ֣ȻͿʯͷļѧ
ʯͷмٽ⼸Ӷʮ꣬ôţͬʱҲȷ˵ط
˵ôţȥѵԲԲźţ
ţû˵Ϳһһѽ͵شĲ´Ȼһʯ棬ǿʯӦ˷顣
˲ŽɹķȥͿˮһ֮¡
ˮ˻ӣޱֻصУҸո޺̨ףͿ㼱ٵĳɽϱһǣͨˣҲЩѧԺεĵطҪֻȥ
֪ѧԺĴڣô뿪ţʱ򿪿ڵĶİҲˣʵϡõĻ˵ܰİȫκãꡣ
ͼҲȱһɨصġҲ̲סһЦ
ȱˡҶŵĲ˵ˣһƯĵ
ô˼ҸոտᵽϺƳʲô˼ʾһ¡ԲԲ
һһһ㶵ġ
һ£⵽ʲô
һƯ񻰵ŮˣһɱȻϾǷһҲ̫˰ɣ
СƨżٽĴʯͷȻƨûСм񾭲һļһһҪȥʵϣһȥɨأһʳôӡǸŮˣ֪ǲǿС飬ȻȥϺƳ
ǸѧԺ𿪿ˣЩսսġȻô꣬һμô࣬µĲС
ף㾹Ȼ֪ѧԺһڿĻغȻ̧ͷԺˣûиʲô
㲻㣬˵ѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣æ¼ȡ֪ͨ˳
⡭ԺȻһôѧҶȻĲ˵òסˡ
һһǲԺеæˡţѾó˼롣
ߺԭզ˵ԲԲɫýȥ
ԲԲɫ任ô죬˶Ǹզ£ܵүүˣѵĳ˱¶Լ䡣
ȿȣǽôЩεʵ
ȻǽģȻһϸ˵ȸȥԲԲȻֱ˵СͷԺ˶ٶԺԸսѧԺģҸ㣬ѧԺ棬ϵӲУԺҪúˣȡǰ;
ԺôţȻš


78 һݲҵ
ԲԲֱǵ֣ǺǳȻֱԺ䣬ŲԺѧԺ첻ȥѧԺΪԺܴڣûԺûѧԺһУҪԺ
ˡ𱻳ԲԲƸŵˣоŮ˲ôǿˣԹһġȻ֪ΪʲôѧԺԺһѧԺԸѾˡ
Ȼŵˡͷ˵ԺӴѧ᲻һѧԺʵʵġԲԲȻЦԺӦҪľЧҹȻʺӴˡ
Ҳסˣԭⶼװİ
ԲԲ˹ǰȥѧԺĴǱѡѧԺһΰѧԺԺ綼ǵѧǵʦҲ磬ѧ֮Լ˽⡣
Ĭȫ
˵䣬Ѿ뵽ѧԺ
ǰĳ𾪴ˡ
⡭ǵһô
ټ֣ѧԺԳһأɲڵϡ
֮󣬳ԲԲιһѧԺ
ʮ㡣
ţһ壺㵽˶߰Ĺ򣬾ȻôవãԺͱһս嶼ܻɢܡ
Ħ룬׽еЧ׽һأЩ
Ҳǣ׽һ湦׽ʱ򣬸ҩʯȷʵԸİȻˣȴ׽һȥ׼һЩҩģȸһҩԡ
˲֪ȭŹ׽Ȼڻ¡
ֻһ͸оԼòһˡ
ʱɽˡ
ʦɽ֮£ͻ᳣סɽУÿ޶Ů˵ûʲôǣңΨһĲµľӣԼ湦ˡ
УѧԺѧ࣬Ҳпս̵㡣Ħǵ

ɽС
æһ죬ҲûҵʲôĲҵ
Ȼĵ绰
Ժ𡣡
ŶѾȥѧԺˣ
ţѾʶѧʲôҴԺһֱѧԺٹ׵顣뵽ɽϵţ̲ס겻ѣǺֹѧļǰˣҲûôġ
У֧㡣ЦЦǰͲѧѧԺ
ԺԺǱû˼ˡϴȥݵʱ˵Ҫʤң湦ݾ͸ˡѾתú֪ͬʲôʱпսһ¡ֱӡ
ôǺǣҾͲˡЩ˼ʵҲһֱ湦ݡ
ϾѾѧԺѧҵ˵ĸҲֱҪ
𿪿ڣٽ湦ݣҲ˳
Ҳãһݲҵ湦ݣӦҲˣȫţҲ˷
ԺģҴźͬȥ
ãֱȥݣҾС
õģԺ

湦ݵʱ򣬷湦ݵĽҲˡϴζʶǵڿǹϵسźˣǺµǶЩ̿
λѾ湦תøǣԺ湦ݵĹȥҲҪᡣͬʱѾתúͬ˳
Һãϴζеĵط֡˵ţˢˢںͬǩԼ֡
ǣλҵĵӣҲЩ£ϣԺܶǶչһЩȻڣ˿ӣܲζԼ·ȴûԵ
Ϊ˻㲻ĻһῼҲһġ
ͻллԺǣԵüޱȣ֪˵ʲô˼̳ݣǽѧԺ
ллǸ磡ͻȽʵڣǵ
ллԷǲԣǵõ湦ݻвԹ
ǿ˵ķӦȻ
ʱߵͻˣЩСͻǵ̫ݡô˵ǸˣԺҪ˵˭£Сһǵȡ
Էͻ⻰ŵһ¡
ǸôãͼʶƣһŭٲȻŻˡ
ЦӣԺҪǸʲô飬Լʰǡ
ҹɫɡ
ûɽѧԺֱӰ˹ȥ
Ժոֱ֣벻Ҫ
ҵݲʺ֪ͨͺˡ
Ժһˡ
ţ£Ǹ湦ֵǮǺסȽϹĵģϾϵͳһʲӲָꡣ
ǧɣ룬˵һǺ֡


79 
Ҫǰǧһʾ޿
ڣѧԺһ˲ζǧ򡣸ӵǣϵͳҪʲֵҪﵽһڣǧȻֻ˶ٷ֮һֻǿݵĻҲ˵Ҫټݲ
ɲУʵ̫ˣﰵҪİ취У湦ݵ岻СܰԺȫԴһЩ츳õѧ
ݣǻΪ֧񡣿ϸһݣֻҪ湦ݸΪݲС
򵥣ȥ湦򻻸ơö⡣

ᣬȻһΩһ׷¡
ѧԺԹصҵʱѾϰ˵ࡣ
̨ϣʼ
֪Դϵͳõӹҩ裬Ҳ
ֻļΪ̫ˡ
ԺȨȵһ޵ԣЦȫһ͵ڻҡ
뵽Ц磬뵽˷Ͷܡ
˶µԼ飬ǵھȻһǩĶûСܻ˵ǼһȨ죬ûдǩ֡ɷʶҲûʲôûеǩ
컹ҪȥЦ翴УϾҪЦƸʮʦɲһСĿ
һҹǵΪ˲١
ܸоһҵʱ䣬ܳ弶ˡ
ܺá
ȥݣѾ꿪ʼѵ
ˣԷͻ˹
ԭǷͻ顣ЦЦͬʱҲ浽˭һ֣Ƿͻģѵľͻ鰡
ɶ£ͻ档
ʵҲʲô£Ҿ˽һݵĲȻݸĸ֡ǵ˵ţôһãȻӣΪĴӺͶӣѵ֪
˵ˣȻʦĵӣǸݵ顣ƽʱҲͨĽһݴѧԷص
ţġͻҲǵ˵ͷ
ǾͰѸҹ뵽Ǹһ񻹱Լһ١
ʮӺٴμ˳
Դӿǻ𣬳Ǿ壬η塣
ڻݵĹоԼĸǸɵͷˣѾְ
ôǳ˳һϻЩ࣬ϴαԼĴûȬ
ǣǵģæ
Ҫţ˵һڵĲ
ţӵʽ1200򣬹̶ʲ3000ÿѧԱѧ600򣬽֧230򡭡
˵ĺϸǶ߿˼ۡ
ܶݵ˽⣬Բһӹš
֪ˣҪˡ룬Ҳĥ䣬һ飬湦ݵָΪݣ°֮ǰҪǸƸһˡ
ϾϹ֣ǲǲ̫ãԥһ¡
ϻôʲôģ͸Ҹģ𲻻κԹԵġǺǳ𶼳ѧԺѧĳԺѧԺйϵ֣𻹰Ͳء
֪ˡ졣
ڶ飬ѧԱһݣҵѧԱ룬֮ѧˡ
û⣬ﶼϡ
飬һݽעʣϣԺܰݿÿһУȥⶨһķչ滮
һΪԼˡ
ǮҪעʣݷչ׳󰡣
ݿÿһУҪǮ
㲻òǮ飬Ի취
ԱߵԷͻ𾪣ҲһЩ뷨
ٶȺܿ죬ֻͰ湦ݵҶµҹȥ˲˵ĺ档
˵ݸҲһ£Ǹں˵ľǸˡ
ù֮ҲҪЩıС
룬Ħǵĳһʺݽѧѧ
ѧԺ档
֧Ҫȡϵͳ
ԺϴҺǸƣˡ֮ҵǣ֪ѾյѧԺԸĹע
ŶСڻǳסˣǰ첻ǻ˵ִѧȭôǲ
ԺʵСӱ˴ˣһһһͷС졣̲֮סЦڶܿȭˣÿսĻûʲôá˼Сһȭ׵ġ
ҲҪСЩС죬ЩģܿоĺܡȴǵҾ֪ôȭ϶˵ͷģȻûǡѪĽѵԾľ뵽ǡ
Ӧġ֮˵ͷ
ҾҲСӽѧԺ̫סȥһ³չʾһúÿɶʱˣƴһٰѧԺ¶һЦݣڱ֮ǰûеһʱ
ˡ
ˣǾƵ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ȥϼһ¡
ǣԺ

֮ߺó֧Ľ
￨ƣһһǵģһǵģѾϢ


80 λʦ
ֻһǿ滭һվ޾ף֮飬޲ɱӵŮӡ

̲סһһּ䴿һഺ磬аĸо治ǽүӱŮˡ
һǼ齣¼㹫
үдôŮˣŮв٣ܳģΨ㹫
ǿ齣¼㹫ӡǺ̵ġһҰҺޣ¸ҡ͸ƷµŮӣֵ𾴡
ƵıҲдţ
㹫
ԣ齣¼
ʵ
ӵѧ顣
ӵмܣ質赸
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺ֣ѡ޿Σʦ赸ѡ޿Σʦ
Ƕ㹫ļܲôȤܻȡһּܣҲ˷ˡûж룬Ǿ;ȡ㹫ĸ質Ȼ質ߣǷŵִᣬҲܳΪһˡ
ûٻ㹫ǿһ￨ơ
ŶǼ￨滭һֱѩӢӣдţ
Ŵѩ
ԣ½Сﴫ档
ʵż
ӵѧѩ
ӵмܣꡣ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺĽʦ
ǲΪ֮ɫ䣺ŴѩȻŴѩĽǴﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزôֻǶǼǲǸˣ
Ŵѩ֪棬ڴһĴڣ˾гԪΪһ㲻֡ڿдţŴѩȻֻżΪ
￨ƵǼǸΪֵģǸľ硣ŴѩĽܱԪ߶ҪߣܷӳսֳƻﲻԪϵͳ˽͡
ôֲٵĸо
ϵͳ˼ߣΪߣȼҲ߲ȥ
׻ҪΪ
ҪĻǾͲˡ½Сﴫ棬Ŵѩɱȷʵţƣƻ治զء෴˲棬һʮƳȥʯɣӶܵϼŽ
ͨЩҲ˲١
ŴѩΪ˼ҵľ߾͹ˣΪȥˣǻǵͬߡؼǣŴѩľ磬̵ѧĻٵĽ֡
ȡŴѩĴѩ
𾪵ǣѩһ׽ŴѩԽ
ϸһ´ѩѾŴѩĽ塣
Ǿǿ죡
쵽¾ͻ޿ƥеǲʹҲ

Ѫٻʼ㹫
һϮ㹫ǰ
ǰ㹫ֻñȻӵƯ
Ժ壬ã㹫ˣֻһ仰ҪѪĸо
壿
ôô
ѾͷҲŶʮꡣ̲ס
˼Ҳʮ˰㹫¶һֵɫ
ҲӦýи磬塣㹫гʱʱʮ꣬ʱҲʮ꣬ȷʵĹ֡
ŶⲻΪ˱ʾô㹫죬Щ
Ǻǣǳˣ󾭹һв㹫˿ڡ
ٻŴѩ
ò˵Ŵѩĺɱֻǿһۣǽģ˽䱸״̬Ȼ֪Ŵѩֱ֣ܶȻûɱ⣬ȴ˲
ԺҪһѽŴѩ˵ĵһ仰
šǵ˵ͷԺҪѧԺڽγ̣ڽѧþߣʱ϶ϵġ
ȲѧʱھҪŴѩ˵ţֱ˳ȥָ֮ѧԺһžԺһ֦ľûɣ
û⡣ǵ˵ͷһ֦ѣȺţǸܼӣʲô
ŴѩһԾ˴档
ϸɸѡ
ܿһ֦º۵ָ⣬ϵض֦֦ܿ˽ӡ
ŴѩʱȻһľ
ǲһ
ŽŴѩԵøƷǷˣŵһľȴһ־ɽҲĸо
֪Ŵѩ̫ߵԭ
ţֻŴѩһӣľȻһʯͷնȥ˾ȵǣʯͷӦֳ롣
̫ˣһߣעľ棬Բʯͷǹעľ棬ҲľܳסĳŴѩľ֮ߣɴ˿ɼһߡš
뵽ԼŴѩĽ̲ס̾Լˡ
λǸ棬µһ֡㹫ȻڣǸȻ齣¼磬ŴѩΪŵǸ棬϶һĴڡ
Ŵѩλ֣ǷﻹûǩԼ飬ԺѧѧҲʲôˡ
ΪӭλʦĵҶһݷʢ͡
ڼ䡣
ŴѩˮһЩڸԶѧ⣬˾ȵǣˮԪ߼ΪӲǱŴѩ˵Ŀڷķ㹫ΪͱȽСҲȽϿɰǺ׾͵õ˴ҵϿɡ

µһ죬
֮оȥһ
žƵļҪ£ѾˣǸСҰǰģһῴҺô㱨ġ
ޱȵΣܲô
һӵжʮ˵İɣûɶս׶԰аడ


81 ôܣôܣ
֮ƵķӦﶼǰЦ
㵱ǣ㿴ڵж
߼ƽ˼ѧ˲ٵѧһ˶Ըʮ⡣
֮Ǳһ㣬ôҲ֮ȵͨѾǷëǣοѧ١
ˣǽȥ
ƣ֮ߴһҪˣԶԶؿžС
ҡҲŲ¡ȻʵˣԸҲǼǿĺܣǱ˴ˣȻû˺¡
˾˷档
ǲ֪ڷ棬˿м춢
ӳ쿴⻭һָָʵʱĻ档
˵ǽڵģӳЦЦ¼ҰǰΥ֤ݣҲܴˡ

Ұǰ￪ӣȻҰǰĶʮҲ۵ôҰǰİҵʱڸҰǰĳԱܽᡣԼرĳԱ˿ͷÿ˽Ǯ
ҵҪԱչһǰʱ˵ˡ
ҵͣЩ㲻״ôСƨΧڵСأ
ҰǰԱҲһͷˮ
֪ǷڵСһоͽˣ˿˯ء
ԶһĻľɵˡ
ӳˣѧ֪ô˷һ쾪ˣҵԶɣҪΪոյĻѧˣ˵ɱڵ뷨С
ˣȻˣþֳͳýһҰǰǶӳ˵ţóֳֻ˵绰
ҵˣ˵ǲǸոʲô
Ȼġ
һЦ磬ո˵ĻǶˡҾǵļ룬ҰǰԺһܳΪɽеһɵġ
ҪҰǰ
ҵ̲סЦˣҰǰԱҲЦ
СƨҰǰߵľӢ·ߡǿվŵĸλֵܣһĿ࣬䲻Ұǰȥٶɣ
ǣСƨȥ̰ɣ
磬Ҹǵѵ˵ܴŪǮ
ҵȴҡҡͷСӼôˣȻûô£ȷʵʺϻһССӿذôҪǸҳһͱһҾǡ
ǿǶǣͰذ׽˹磬ôô
ҵ¶һЦݣô򵥣ͱ˭УֻҪǸͱҾǡ
ͷڳ˼
ԶļʱѾ֪˵ʲôãǵˣ˾ȻҰǰģʱ־ȫ꣬ȱٹ̡ܽڿ˵ӣѾֻݣΪ˼ҰǰȻˣֱǻˣ
ӳҰǰҲҪѧͽúùܽһС
ǰǲŶһ㣬ȻŻڣ̲ܽС
СƨǷᡣ

һٵĳ
Ȼ̧ͷҵ۾֮һ˿磬ȻˣھͶһ˵ͱһ
ҵһ㶣ҰǰˣҪͱ˭
ҪͱǣҵԾĿ֮;ƣ֣Ҫµȥ֣Ժһúġ
ȴҡҡͷڵʯ֮䣬ֶˣֻǰذ״Ŵ۵ĹâֱӴҵĴȡ
ѪĽҵʹĺС
һȺҰǰĳԱˡ
Զ͸ͷľҲɵˣ⻹һѧô
ҵȻ𾪣Ͼڵϻġ
Ӧ֮˺סȾǺǣҷǣ
ҰǰĶʮԱʱҲӦ˹Ѹٵĳˡ
ǸӳʱʧãѧΣˣǿȥ
ֻǼ컹ûжǰĻѾĿɿڴ
ֻЦ磬ҿǰҪˣ㾹ȻҪǶ֣ĲˡԣҲǲˡ
˵֮
һӣ˳˶ʮ֮С
СɲСһȭȥһҰǰԱڵϡ
أ
һȭ˹棬澹Ȼһȭӡ
һҰǰԱȭӡ˶ˡ
ôܣҪǴҵϣҵĹͷˡ
ҰǰԱҲòȥ
⡭Ҳ̫ǿˡ
ǲˣ˲ô
磬Сƨ⣬ֵǲˡ

ҵѾʯôܣôܣ
ʵ޷ǰһĻ
ӹȥ
ҰǰĶʮԱһء
ʱ֣ƣȥңһ㡣
ƴ˿̻±״̬֣˶һ¡ʵǰһĻҪֻ֪һҰǰĳԱͰıף֮ԶʮҰǰԱȻǺһ
±ƵĲֹһ
Ǹӳ˿ǰѾѩĻ棬૵ôˣոտĲǻþѡ
ԱߵһȴҡͷӳǲǻþǵҲˡ


82 һȫְ
ӳҲ̫˼˰ɣѧǵЩ죬ûκε⡣ǵǾ棬ĸһҲܶԸʮˣʮ˻ԶûҰǰЩԱ
Աߵһ˼һµӳʵֵֻ˶ѣҲӦþѧô˵¶̫ˡѧԲ򵥣ǻǰϱֳþֳöϰɣ
ӳֻܵ˵ͷǺðɣϾֳʶ㣬˵֪ô¡
ʱľѾҵǸı׵ļһ
ĿԣԷҲϳ˾ơ
ôϣôʵҪһٳұ֤һ֡
ҲȴҡҡͷʶԼǰ죬ûҴһܣ˵һȭ档ԣҷҪм
ס֮Ҳһ
ڵӣͻȻһ
ֻضӣЩǱӣڵлл㣬Ҿܴһ٣ҲƾԼһҪúõأѧ书㱨𡣡
˵֮󣬾תˡ
ǸСɵˣɶ˼ѵԼԺҪٰһٴ
̲֮סЦС￴˾ԺȥٴʲôˣҲǲˡ
ˣߵĺ
ҵѵֻһоǾɽ̫Σˡ
뿪һҪ뿪
ʱҵ洫ľԾĿ˿Լϵ˿ڣκˣܶܲˡ

֮;˻صֵġ
ʱѾϰ˵ˡ
ǵʦǰɣѧ䣬ôڿ˿ڣʵȥʦ֮ûⷽ˼ƺϰͻؼңǽˡ
ʦѧ䣿ҡҡͷʦǺģΪʲôҪΪͽҿˣʵȭǺǰ;ģһʮ꣬˵ܴܽǸСˡ
Σĳ
֮һȴû˵߬ŸոմҰǰ˳Ǯ
֪֮ͥãҲƣӣҪʦѧ䣬ô
֮뵽Ļǵ϶УʦҪӣԺ̵ǵʱͻٺܶࡣ
ɫ԰ףŵʦѧϰ书Ҫǵѧϰʱ䣬ҿԡԸǲ
֮۾һ
ƺڵˡ
Ҫղصһ׳Ӣϵеģ͡ȿڵ
Ҫż֮ŵ
֮Ļ˶ˡ
ΪǳӢ۵ģͣżǿɶճġ
˵ӣӦû̸ˡ
ҴӦǡҧҧİ֮ζʵڲܡ
˵ġЦ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ϸһȥѧԺ
ѧԺʲôѧԺԺˡ
ĵطֽѧԺʼ˵õĵطþƸоһ

ڶ졣
ƽѧԺΪѧԺѧ
Ҳһ죬ѧԺٿ˵һȫְ顣
λҪδѧԺѧͥĹϵҲǵǰҪһ⡣
ȻĻѧûа취ʱѧԺѧϰ
Ӱ쵽ǵ
Ϊ飬˺ܾãʵûʲôõİ취ٿ˴˴λ飬Ǽ˼档
ԲԲ֪ѧԺһһڣԺѧԺ뷢չҪѧҲҪѧǶѧԺСһֻѧԺСʱĻѧϰʵ̫ΪЦ磬Ŀǰֻһ
̵˵ͷŵѧԺ뷢չȶѧԴѧǰѧԺĹƶȥѧϰܵ׵Ӱ̫࣬ѧԺҪżĸĸڼװɹԱôȫȫȥ
ҲŷƵ
ǿЦô˵ЩҳɲԼĺȥһǶ֪ѧԺ
˳ĬΪҲʵ
üͷϺȻһĨЦݣԺҾǰ븴ˡЩѧҳطʵڣ֪ѧ汾£Щѧҳ᲻ͬԼĺѧϰأ
һ˼һµҵĻҪǼʵѧԺ϶ǻͬġ
ص˵ͷǲ͵ˣΪʲôǲЩѧҳѧԺأ
˻һܶǾ
Ǻô󵨵뷨󵨵˶ûзӦ


83 ֧֣
ǳɵĿŻأȷûи
ѧԺĵطҪľҪΡ
ҪŪȫ¶֪ˣɽܱ׵˸̤ƽˡ
ƺ׼ԺҾ֪̫ˡ֮ǰĹ˵ҲɣЩɶ֮մˣǵĹҲܶЩһ֪
һŪʲô
Ҵ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ǹڲʵͲʲôص顣ǹ棬רŵһڴ顣ȻĻ͸ˡ
ֲ²Ȼܷ˼ȫϺ
֪ߣŵһңôܻһ֪
ؼԣô򵥣ȻⱾͲʲôص顣ԺβѧԺŵȫ԰ѧԺԺųЩѧļҳιۣ֪ǵʵڡҪһԺȾҪǹҵ֧֡
֧֣
ǹҼȻ֪ЩɣЩɻôţ˵ѾϷԺҪľǰѧԺҲϷȻЩôյӣӶΪѧԺѧһƲֻҪܰѧԺϷˣǹҶרŵ˰Ŵѧͥ⣬벻Щͥй¶ܡ
ǿЦѧԺͬɣǻһԺԺ˵һ綼ΪЩѧҳ֪Ȼй¶ȥء
ѳأԺĵˮ©ʵҲܺð졣澭һ½ƻ󷨣Ҳ˵ĴߡҵʵʩչֻҪ΢ʩһʾȻЩѧҳؿƿ
Ȼص뷨סˡ
ƻȷʵһŸĴͨ˷߶£οͨˡ
ֻôЩصĸо
Ժģƻ󷨲ѧļκ˺ֻ氵ʾǲҪѧԺ˵ȥѡ
֪ȷõİ취ôЩŤ
Ĵ߶ѣֲɱˣԺ̫ˡţʱ򿪿ڵο֪ǵĴڣЩѧҳԺҲһɽܴǵģǰǵĺǻıǵ
ţҲִ̫ˡ룬ȻˣҪôֱϵң
ֱϵҿ϶УϾҸոյĶǲ²⣬ûʮ֤ݡԺҵߣѯһ˵صֻҪѧԺϷˣǽ۵Ҳӭжˡ֮ǰȲҪ
ǵ˵ͷ֪ˣûʲô飬Ļ͵˽

ѧԺ
ǿϵǿգһЩ㯣ܸĻ²⵽ôණĺָܴҳһ⣬ǰһСô֪ǹߣйߵĲš
ոջһȥ𣬶ҲֻǰԼ֪ɵĵط˵һȴܿ϶ҪҵһɣҪһһȥ̽òС
ʱȥת۾졣
棬ʽΪѧԺѧ
Ҳ̽Ѱɽиطȴûзκεɡ
˿̣ѧϡ
ѧԺȱѧ̫ˣѡһЩʵģܲսѧԺ
ֻȻ
һȻ˪ģ˪ôڴҵ绰ô
˪ǡԺǲǶԿַʲôϴε֮󣬿ַȥʮҽԺ˶˼ʮꡣ
ȷʵһЩʲôӦõġ
ǲڸַιʴ裬ɱ˿ַɡ
ڿַɵ³Ҳ⡣
ӦþΪ飬ǹùô绰үү˵үү飬ϣܷſַһ·үүܾˡ̵绰֮ǰǹù˵ƣҪȥڤɽʲôˣ˵ҪøɽԸ㡣
ڤɽһᵽط
ţҲڽ죬ҹùûϹӲڤɽһʿѾɽиˡҾ˿϶߲ƣǸʿ˵ҲǺһߡ
˵ʱ˪޵ġ
ֻʱȴ̲ס˷ã̫ˡ̤ЬٴȫѹַǺ˰
ǿ߲ټʱ򣬾ȻΪַɣһԼţбõ顣
̲סǸַɵһޡ
˪һתһǿѧԺԺЩÿԼ̫ˡ
ǽ˪䣬úȻǹ˵绰
֮£ֱӳȥˡ
ѾˣǲڤɽǸʿʲôˡֻҪһҲߣһҪӶԷóʲôС


84 ׬Ǯİ취
ѧԺ档
еݱ
ѾͻƵ˼żѾԶˡ
֮Ҳﵽ߼ëСˣҲܿ졣
ƸսѧԺһڣA츳ǴģںȻǴﵽļ
ȻֲĻ˪
S츳ʱԶ˶࣬Ҳﵽ弶
ҽѧʱ䡣
ţһЩҽѧҩ徭֪ʶüѧĽζ
˪Ϊүү֮ǰж飬ҽѧԣ⼸ͰѺţдҽѧſγ̿һ飬Լ⡣ţ˪ҽѧ츳ÿ˪ʲôʵʱ򣬶ĵĽ⡣
֮⣬ǳԾĻ
ΪԭѧԺԵе룬ȫȫһˡţѾ˺üҩԡָ˺ܶ࣬ϵ׽Űܸܿ
ΪǴʦѧգżʵûôӡ
Ħǹһ£˵ֻҪİںתһЩӦþͿܻҲôѧ棬һġ
ȴΪΪѧԺ滹һ
Ϊʱٵ⣬Ц죬Źȥһ졣ԴЦ磬Ѿа£ܿھѾ
⣬ĦǸǵҪ󣬿ʼоһֿݽѧĹ
ò˵Ħһѧʦ֪һĹѣǰ׽ĶƪˡָȻҲһ˵ȴĶƪôֲҲǵҪ
ʱ˪ڸˮѧϰ򵥵ؽ
ò˵ˮרҵָʦȷûʲôĽһЩĽʽȴǶʹá
˪ѧСʱͣЪϢ
ʱȥ˪ȵˮ
˪һһۣԺԸҵˮ϶ûġ
ǸΣ⻹ûпڣͱô
˵ɣʲô飿˪εЦЦ
ȻˣҾֱ˵ˡѧԺҵ֪ѧԺڵԺѧԺҪǮѧҪǮѧȥ֮ôҲҪǵ·ѰɣɶҪǮҶһ鲻ǺܶԾʲôӪ
˪˱ӣɿ˿ǡ
ǸΣҰ˵Ŀɶġ
֪˵ģҪҸѧԺ輸ڣ
輸ڣ̲ס̿ˮ֪ʲôвƴ֣Ϊҵļ̳ˣ˪СǮˣѧԺѧԺģѧѧģҿɲһͼıѧҲƵĶ
ʵô£˪ڣͲѧԺĲҵ
һڵ񣬼ﹻ
˪˵ͷ˼һµʵԺ׬ǮҲûôѡҾԺѧԺʦƣĦʦԸ׽ݿٷչԺѧˣȻԴԴϵ档
ţ׬Ǯ̫٣һݿȫܴǮҪͶǮȥ
ôҲúţʦһЩҩȻһҩ˾Ժţʦʵ͵ҩ¡ᣬITҵҩǺ׬ǮģһҩܴǾͻӴ󡣡
ŶǸð취ôû뵽
ߣҿʦͳԲԲʦĸҪǳƬҲ
ǺǣǺ⣬ҿǿǡ
⣬ҶʦĳôãҪԺһҷ꣬ĳʦųӶ⡣֪һ֮ࡣ
ԭҲô׬ǮԡҶʦ϶û취ȥףѵҪȥɡ
˪ָ֮ǳ˼ӣǲι缯ţȴǸܾˡ
һЩϢĿǰʵĻǿҩ˾
㹫ͳԲԲƬ߿֮ģСһѣ׬Ǯ̫ѡ
ǣţܿͽӵǵȫȫоֳɱͣЧܺõҩ
Ǻ˪һͬѧԺΪ˸м˪⣬˪Է
ֻ˪˼ҶķٺõĲҲȥˡ
֮£ΪԼĳ⣬Ǵ³
˪ʱ¶һЦݣ͵仰ˣȥһҼҡ
һ£ǴȥԼңҲøĸʶһĳա
ֻ˪һȥǵĸĸעȫŵ˪ϣпռʶǵĳգ˪ޱȾȵ£εļҳ
˪
سſĵطߣŵˣڤɽĵʿôڵˡ


85 Ƶʿ
ȻӺһ棬߳һųۣŷĵʿ
ôʿЩᰡ
Ӧòʮꡣš
ǣʿһӣھǵô£Ӧ˵ʿʩôǺǣλʿ֣֣óʱûɽˣҵЩ
ǲڤɽĵʿģǺ棬ôоʿЩơ
ƶһ䣬ʩѾ֪һᵽֲ׾ٵķҡһˣΪǣΪϹӡǿӵǰʦ棬ȻΪɫ䱻ˣôе顣ʿ˵
ǣӵģѾ
һǵʿǺɲ
ʿ
ҽǡ
Ǿʿ㿴ɷֵܡƶһӣĹַһΡˣ˵治òֵ¶ı졣ǲ֪ʲôҩȻҹʱ׼ʱƶӶ׼Ҷ֮ʹϿ࣬ʦûа취һ˵ʱһľ塣
ǴʱǺˣһĵʿǸӡ
֣ҲֵĲС
ǾʿֻҪĹַɣƶΪ㲷һԡ˵ƶ֣ͨ㼪ףײ֡һ֣㲻׼ҪǮȻҽΪ˸ַģȻǮһ䵭˵ţЩ⡣
Ȼһĵʿǰ治Ǹɿɹƭô
һ俴ǲΪĶüֲУռҲа
Ѿ֪˵ʲô
ߴ򶴣ԽأһƺѾó˻ôˣƶԸֻĤ
ۣѾ׵ˣļһҪǵʿȫµĵʿ϶ǲڿġ
ⶼУֻʹɱˡһޱ
ҪˣΪӦòҡţ֮˿ԸӦԷϢԸоһ䲢ǿԴһʼǾͲôģ⿴һˣ
ǣƶɱﵾǡƶԸ㺣ˣ֤Ʒл֮ͻţ֮ڰһ˵ʱѾüɫ
ǵѾ࣬۳ˡ
Ҳѹӣʵʿ̫ţƣ
һһʦиôƵͽܣǲڤɽ˶֪ô
һ俴ǻڣƺЩ򶯲ǣε̾˿Ҫְƶֽһ䣬һ䲻ǽģǽɱԣǾʿƶҪֻҪ㽻ҩɡ
ǿһһӣֻһпԣô죬Ϸأ
һ˵֮󣬷ֱӳ·һӡ
ǿ˿Ƿֻ˵һ䣬ˣ統ɲˡ
һһºȻ¶˾׳壬͹˸ôƶΣ˿鸹ء
ȷʵϧʲôãǱӵɴһʿҪӮңҾͰַɽⶾҪˣشһЩУΣ
һһ㶣û⣬㲻һͨˣӮҿɾ̫ˡ
ǲ֪һţͨͨϾ֪ɣ
һʱ˰֣ˣǰˣȳ֡
ǺǺǣװģһô˵
Ҳ˵ʲôˣԾͳһ䡣
ߺȣͦôҲһ˰һڳһԵӣڰԵġ
һȭ˹ȥ
һؽסȻһ˦ɳȥ
ǺȻȭΪƣɵľץסһһʧɫ
ɷ˵ģһһת壬ǵƣʱѾ
΢΢һǿȣԭΪĻҪͰ
ʱҲת
񱩵һŵˡ
ôǿãˡһɫ䡣
ʱѾסһ߹ǣҪȥһҪˡ
ˣһѾľȻҲߣ֣䣬Ͷˣ
ͶȻҲ̫û־˰ɣҲ΢һ°ɣȻôԵոմţ
ǿΪҸߣҲĶ֣ҡȥ󱣽͵ûзô󱣽еĻ谴Ħɣö԰һæ˵š
ǵʿ̲סʵ
ʵģ֪ƶΪʲôһôɱ䣬Ķ䡣Ϊڤɽɫĵʿ֮ǰҪذһ޽ڲٵ˵š
ֲԾˡ
һоɿ¶һЦݣСӣû뵽ô㻹̫ˣүҾͨسɴı£ߣô׷ҡ
˵֮
һ伸ԾԾһת۾ܳȥ˰ʮס
һûвһӰһ㣬ܵǰ档
ߺһоԼײǽϣģ́ͷʱ˶ˣףⲻǾʿôôվš䣬ϽؼҰɣ
ҡͷһ㣬ʩչ澭ĵѨַͰһסˡ
һоѾܶʱйƤ򣺡ѨᣬĲԩ䵽ķڷɶɣҪûУҪɫ㡣


86 
ǰһһۣΪ˼Ϊַֽҩһɱ˲գ۵ħͷ˵ھһغˡ
һʱŻˣǾʿаʮĸ໴ĺӣ滹мãɲɱҰ
⻰˰֣ģҲɱ㣬㼸⣬ʵشС
ǾһȻƵ㣬㲻һʼͶûʲôɱ⡣
Ȼ˼ҲɱҲɱ˵ġ
һʶ࣬ǵ˵ͷ㾡ʣҾ֪޲޲
΢΢һЦһˡ
ҿҪˣһ⣬пǶ٣
ʲôҪٲƣһЩɵˣ磬Ҫ㻹ǽɫɣҽ컹Ǵ֤㡣
һȫµʿ㶪ˡ̲סǵոǸǿЦģҶǮȤ
ȻҪɫƶ֪ôһ졣ɣҲǵһΣ㡣һһ޿ӡ
ӣٸҺŲȰĵȴˡʲôʵشʲôһ䲻ʵģԺ㣬㳢ַڵζ
ǲҪˣַӣҾ¡ʰɣһŻȥ˯һʵˡ
ڤɽĵʿĸɣǿʼʽʡ
֪ڤɽֻһڤ̣Ȼڤ̵ĵʿһش
ڤ̣ǵ˵ͷڤжˣʵΣ
ȻЩܣҲ޷ڤĿǰϵ¹һʮˣʦˣǺ߰˽׵ǿߡʦһģһˣǺ׵ǿߣľЩӣбԺΪһ˵ʱǵ⡣
߰˽ףףૡ
ô֪һˣҲѹ֣ǰ˵ľ磬ҲãҲգûлֵôϸÿһϸΪŽףѴҵΪֵĸˡҿǾʿ֮ǿкס
ǳ˼һ£Ūô¡
ϵͳǰھ绮ΪԪ磬һַΪż磬ȻƺһӦܶӦкԵģӦľǺ쾳磬ԪӦӦþ쾳ˡ
ڤ̵ʵҲôǿô΢΢һЦ
ǺǣȷʵǿһЩΣ˵ҲһǼˡ
ˣͷһ𣬼æһ䣬˵˵ô£
ףˣǲǸմɽô˶֪һɵĿǣʮֵĲ⡣
ϻ˵˵ȻСĵȡв
˵һҲҶ죬ǽԺ󣬹֯һֹšҹʿֻҪһͱ˱ˣһЩҲҪעС
ڹ֯˳ԱӼһ𣬱뱣֤ܱѹҡڵߣÿ굽꣬˻ҹʿ̵һΡÿһ꣬˻ҹڵɽпһΣЩɵʵʲԹĹӶһǼ
ͬǼɣܵĴҲһзӳ˰Լ棬кܴĿǰһλ£Ƕ쾳ǰˡ

һ֪˵һ飬Ѿˡ
ΪֻصĲ²⾹Ȼȫȷ
һ˵ģֻҪעɣͿڻյӡЩյĵӣһ˲ķʽ֪ͥԸЩһӦĹԱݡˣЩӵļͥ쵽һЩҲ
һ䣬ôעɣЩȲʵ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪ˵Ĺٷվ֮ڣ˾ͻרŵԱп죬ȷϷͻӦɡһҼǵľģֻҪһߣиפأ΢еҵͨ϶ûʲô⡣
Ŷ˵ȷʵͦ򵥵ġǵ˵ͷ˵Ĺٷվʲô
ܼǵһӢĸҪӸѣ֮Ұӷ㣿һŵȴһ˿
ԡ붼ʹӦˣһ䶼ܸЩΪһַƭ
̫ˡһЩ˷ܵǣҽ⿪ѨҸط󱣽һ¡
ǺǣѾǸһҿѨ
ˣܶá˵Ѩ治ǰûг忪Ѩһĵ˵
һɣЦЦɲΪѨԾ澭Ҫһ䶼ܽҿ澭Ҳ̫ˮˣ󱣽ʲôľˣˣ˰ַҾС
ˡһΪѣת۾ܵûӰˡ

һҲ͹ݡ
һ亣һ٣Ķ棬ŵǿӷ򸾡
һôˣʵ
Ѱ찡һ룬촽Ƕҷ˾ţ֮ȻκãʵǱǸǸ
ʲôסˣôһȻʧˡ
ƶģҵţƶȻӦʦһġһԴǵ˵ţֿɲǿӵݹУװ˿ڴ档
ͬʱ
Ƿϵͳַ񣬶Ľƺˡ


87 ע
֧עѧԺҪѧԺ˵ĵȼ֮УõһǡһB츳ҩ衢һ츳רԱרõߣԼѧ츳
Ϊʲô˵ˣҪΪ츳
һֱΪѧԺ˭ѧԺһܼѧ츳ںˣֻҪ츳ȫһרԱһ
ȻB츳ҩҲ
һҩ裬ܰѧԺһB츳ѧA
A츳ˡ

һ㷹֮󣬽һɡ
ķˣҲߺ˵ַʲôţóʱ䲻¼ˣˡҼǵкüطֱתȥһǡ
һٺܿ죬ת۾ʹһվ
ֻվԸ欵Ůһһһš
һ俴ôŮˮæ˲Ȼһֱʮ߸Ůʱ˽ȥ
ֵ鷢ˡ
һȥԸ欵Ůˣһ½ڡ
һٺһЦ˵ĶƳԳȻ˵ĹٷվƵΣҼǵÿԴҳתȥȻû취ˡ˺źˣһǼǵõġȷˣȥˣ
˵վҳһЦЦݺǰǣҴ򲻹㣬ֻȡˣҰæ

ǽĵȴ֮Уһվˡ
ǵ㿪ӣͷ˵½档Ϊû˻룬Ǿ͵עᰴťǵ㿪֮ޱɵ۵ĸоԭע˻Ҫ롣ǷȥʱһϢˡ
㿪һֻдţ˿ɲʲô˶עģͬΪ˵ĳԱС
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һصҪԣĹַɡ
ǶʱˣΪһѾΪַɳͷˣԭء
Ǵһֺ⣬ǱѪа
һ俴ǰûлӦֻһ仰Ϊһͨˣ£ֵ
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ÿ굽꣬˶ʿ̵㣬ʵҲϢʵԼǷΥĺ˲ѡ
ǵӣԶת˵ҳ
ҳȿԿһд֣֮ߣΪΪȻһ仰дţѹң񣬶࣬һ䣺ҷ䷸
ҳܼ࣬ҪΪ˼顣
һ飬ڲϸһЩҷжԿʲôߣߣץӷ֮ġضǸ˵ĻԻýǮɵĻɻԻһĹҹֱֵֵӰźǼ
ڶ飬һЩʱҪţһЩ顣
飬ǽһЩʿɵ¼

а鿴꣬½ǣǷ˼ӡ
룬һǴȡġ룬ҪһЩضġµһҵע롣
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ǿбɸˣפأɲҵʮ
ܿͰѱ꣬漴һ˵ѾվͻйԱǰȥʵȻһ䣬˵עҪһĹѣվһ¹ʷõ˵ȻǸյӵʱ򣬲ƨɵǮ
ǸǣһȻֻһģһͶȡյĵӶˣÿ꽻һڶпܡ
˳վҲһ׮¡
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ϢһǴ˯ˣʱһϢְˡ
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ᣡһ俴ȫˣʱɵˣǣƭӣƭƶĸ飬ƶûꡣ
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һ²֪⾹Ȼڲ󷨡ݻص˵ʯĻϸʯ󣬲Ŷݼ׵˽۴һ·ɽᱻһɽ·
һѧԺҲ͸ӵİȫˡ
˼֪˭ȱ󷨸ˡ̲ס¶һЦݡ


88 Ԯ
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ѸٵתǾʣµߴ澭ʱȴȫסˡ
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ʱ򲻺˼ֳʵǸšһǰҰǰİӣǵðɣʱֵѧҷһ£ǵʵɶǾ棬ʱҲǵĶ֡
ʱЦãǷ˰ɣѧȥץﷸĳҪȥ춼飬Լ
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ǰ֮ҰǰƵһ۾ϳ֮Ͼ֮ǰɽʱͼˡ֪ǵѧ뵽ǵı죬ϵİѹȥ
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˪ѾĻڳ˼ԥһ£ǿڵ֣֮ȥɣǵʵԸһͨˣûʲôġһ֪ͨһǣһԶš
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˪̯̯֣ţҲڸ
ЩЦãѾͷǲ˰ġȻ㶼˵ˣǶѧģ־һΡһᣬҪʵһµʲôʱģûʲôΣա
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үһҲЩ棺ѾͷһҲҺú˵˵Ҳ֪ô¡
ʱѾŵ绰ðɣ׼ˡҲҪ˼ӴӦС˼ҪǲӦҲҪǿ˼ңûУ
ʱЦˣֳģôӣұǡ˵Ѿȥˣ·ϡҪץӣǶĵĲУСս񰡣
ǺˣԶԡ


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үӵ˵ͷǰͷʲôģôҲ飬Щ飬Ȼ˵᲻֪һҹЩʿͼ󣬵˵Ҫиг䵱ڣ֮⣬һöӲҪǻ˵
οЦ֣ǰ˵Ȼô˵ﶼƵģԭǴް
үЦЦǴޣЩȴ˵֪ʱҲҪװ֪ΪʲôҪԴлǣʵҲΪ˽һԺҲϵûУΪ˴֮
룬ѧʲô
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΢΢һЦҵûųǺζǾһζЩԡ
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ʱ򣬹ֱſڳȥȻҪˡſŵǸӣŹţߣ

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ֻҽһɳȥʮԶϵĹͷ֪˼
ʱҲۻˣˬ죬ƽʦеʱ򣬿ûô졣ӣȥǼһûС
ţ֮ذףСĵĵ˹ߣûмżϢڹһ
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ֶΣøӿЦѣ֮ܺ˭̳ģʵ̫ˡ
֮ʱģڹؿڹһ飬Ȼûؿڵ߹ǶʮĸԺκãҲʹˡ
˵ͷѸӷ⾯Ȼʵôͦ¸ҵģܲ
ӿЦ뵽֮ǰ֮ĳֱ޵ݡ
ľ죬ʱһԵĳ˹
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ЦЦǶһˣ֮ӦѾƷǸӡ
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룬ҡҡͷǵʱ̣Ƕһ±˵ɣǾͱȥκˡֻһʼԺѧԺÿһѧΪٵġ
ץˡ
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ʹӹֵĴ棬˶ʮ
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֮ɵɵ磬ʮҵܵԺѧǮˡ
ûϢļһʮͰ˳ԺԽԽˣǮס
ֻ֮ȴȫȥˣѾ뵽ĸϲõӡ
ǲ֪䣬ѧԺѾıǵ


91 ǣϣ
˪ǰ˻ȥ֮Ҳؼˡ
˪ļ棬ڵһʱʹ˵绰֮ľʱһ
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ܽʲôүӺ治ѡ
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ҽôЩҪܰҽнѧԺӦþͲᷳˡ
ǺǣǿɲôΪûʲôų⣬ҲģʵҲв츳ĽҲΪѧԺѧɽĹģⲢ
ô룬˵ͷõģû⡣

µһ졣
΢΢ƾͳɽܣÿֻܵɽҪһСʱʱ䡣
ⲻ˷ʱ䣬ÿγ֮һ
ľƣԷٶȣΪĺ棬ڸš
쾰ƻȥ֮װ͸¶һЩ飬þĴ
ڽ쾰Ƴȥʱ򣬾پơ
ߣȻɽܣҵҪʲôܡţʵѾ۵ĲС
ǲȻЩѾ̥ǰı仯
˵ôԶˣҲûκε⡣
һֱ˿ӽɽĵطƶȻӿٶȣǡвٵþˡ

ٵܵɽ£ǿ˿ΧûоƵټ
Щż
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һиģձӰǺүոտ˹ȥûУ
⻰ûдʯˤôͳɴүˡȻ˵Ϊ˰ѾƭɽҲױһôҲүɣѾһͨѾŵȾ鵽ѧԺ棬ô鴩СЬˡ
鷢ûлشΪûٴʵүү˵Ļô
ðɣ
ոջǴүֱӱүүˡ
ǿסŭָָɽϣȥɽҰɣҲҩʱʱɽ˵Ҫҵ˾ɽϡ
һͳɽܡ
žɽǰѲñһӣѾѧԺ


92 ǣ£
鳯ɽȥǧ׺εɽֻ֮һѾ۵òС
зصĳ嶯ߣѾҲȥ·
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94 ѧԺ
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Сʱ˻档
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95 װģҸ
ԬҲɵӣʵҲѾˡ
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˵ʲôǳˣѧԺ̫Ź֣ǸϽ뿪СԬҧ˵ЩȻѾµĲУھɽֻһˣҲȥǵ鷳ˡ
뿪ô׵ģ󷨶漰ŶݼԭɵǣԴһϲͨЦҲûʲôõİ취ֻжһЩǣȻ󲻶ϵسԣܲܽ뿪
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ոˮֻǼ򵥵ػһӣȴʩչ˺Ѩ书ԵģûþȫȻոһӾԬһغ
Ԭ治ϵƣϵسˮߵͷǰɵĵӣǰһ·
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һԬͻĿ⣬ﰵЦѡ
Ӣ۾ȹܺŮڣ


96 עɹ
ˮʱҲͷǣǽ̨ʣǵԺôˣǿɲСѧԺҲѧԺĹƶȣκ˶ҪѧԺĹ²С
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Ԭ泯ɽϿȥѾη֮绢ҴӦˣҵƲأȥһ£ܺá
ǿԬ滹ǿţﶼЦ˻װƣ֪˰ɣ

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ǮҲеʱ򣬲Ǻǡ

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ǱȥĵӣᱻΪ˲šһйҵЯ֤ȥ飬ȥĵֲʧˣЩӵĸĸỳɣԴΪر̵ģʱҲֶΣ϶֮ǡ
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һṩһӦĲϺ֤֤ʵЧǿǵѧԺ⣬ûԼԺרԱȥȽ׵ָҪӦĲϺ֤˵ˣҪ죬󣬻ʵݹ
ǳ׸һˡ
֮صѧԺ֪һϵͳѾڵȡˡ


97 ԽԽ׵ĺţ
ݽȻǹѧԺעġ
еĽ۲˺ܾá
ϵͳѧԺѾעɹȼҲһǣҵĽأ
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ĿǰѧԺ棬B츳ѧһλֱ֮
ھ飬ȻҲB츳ϾûʽѧԺǳ˼˰죬ȻһЩǾֱӰB츳ҩȴǶ֮ôƽBҩȻõˣҲ˷Դ
еĻץΰɣ뵽һǰ취İ취
ѧԺ棬һӦĽͳͷʩûƶ
֮ıֶܲΪ˱֤ԺĲƫУץƽˡ
պB츳ҩ裬ǿǹ棬ħһ츳
ϵͳҪôã
ֻҪ츳Ӵѧ壬Ĭ⣬츳ͻᷢ⡣ԺȨȣ츳޷ܻ츳ȼʹֻܸݺǿжϳѧ츳һ£ѧ츳ԽǿĺҲԽ
ǵ˵ͷͦʹõģѧԺʦ޷뿪ѧԺѡһרԱҲûʲôð
һʱҲ벻⣬ֻȰ츳

ȥҵ˺ţҪһʴĽҩûУ
Ӧѽҩһ䣬һ䶼õȼˡ
ţһԺҪ˽ʴĶôʵĵķҲǿԽⶾġ
᲻֪ʵڲٿַɣҪĽҩ
ҽҩͱˡ
ðɣ
ǿţȥýҩȻһ뷨ţûа취ڽҩ£Ƿ˵ȻܽʴĶȴҲá
ǻǲͻϾǿַҪԸĸĸȻǴĵߡ
Ȼַȷϣǲκε

ôˣʲô⣿
Ժô˽˶ȴڲ֪֮Ҫ˵ˣϱӵʲô
ǺǺǣǿԵģǾ͸һŽҩ
ţ˵ͷóһŽҩ˼ƵĺɫҺ壺ˣһԶҩùȻԽʴĶԶҩ֮ߵ壬֮һ棬ߵĹҲ֮ȥ
ǵ˵ͷţܲ
˵֮ǾҪȥ
ǺţʱסǣȻױԺƳһҩҩԲŮ£ûκθãûзչǰ;
Ƕʱ
ʲôǾǴ˵Ĵ衣
£ҲӦòỳˡ
ҩоʲôãѵҪЩҵŮͬʹãǵҵĻ˵ܲ׬ǮѧԺҪΪˣԺ϶Ϊ˵Ц
ţоԽԽˡ
ǳ˼һ£ĺţļ֣صţʦһЩоô˵ģ˭ûһðգѵͲоһָðҩһܼЧУ˭ûиˣоһֻѪҩô֮ģ͸ˡ
ţ˵֮ȴ˵һĻԺЩСҶεġҲǿǵģ棬Ҿרӵġоļҩǿɶ漰򡣡
ţоҩͼʶˡ
һЧֹѪҩǻΪѧԺҪ
һֱ裬һ⣬ֺѧԺļλŮʦ
һͷģƺͱһ¡
ʵڱĲᣬ˵ţôоЩĶԭѹ˼ûõ
ԺϢˣţȻ
ã̲ס˳ţԺ͸оЩͨĲͨҩҪٸҸЩ⣬ҷ㲻ɡ
ţɵۣŵĲᣬԺǰоļҩҲҪô
ôܷȻоˣǾ취Ǯ˵꣬Ťͷˣ˵ȥҩ˾ҪױƷ˾ҲҪûˡ
ɽС
ҵһ䣬ѽҩһ䡣
һܸˣ֮࣬ȴǵ˵ˣѧԺΪһǣǹϲ֪֪Ԭô£ҽԷʱɫ԰ףϢңһ㶫Ҳȫ˳Ӧˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ΪðѧԺԱˣŲţ
һʱסˣǣɲǿЦģԬɣ˵涼쾳ǿߡҪԺ϶ᱨġ
ǲһЦЩôû
Ԭ᲻ᱨȫ⡣
ԬΪȥˮǾȥԺֻĸ졣ԬɣԬ涼һȥ顣ȻҪǱ֪Ȼŭһ쾳ǿߣɶ˰ˡ
ʵҲһԬȫἰɽϷ飬ôصƣҲֻܴʡ
ڶ죬һˣԬͻҲˡ
ǰ֮˹ʱҪץˡ


98 Ŀ
Դ֮ѧԺ඼ˡ
ȻֻB츳Զ;ƵA츳˪S츳һֱĿǰѧԺЩѧ棬˵ΪҲǰеġһµʱ䣬Ӧöܻ
Ժʲôô֮棬ͱˣôϿСʦץסȻ󺰵칫ʻĸо
ǺǣΣÿѧԺ϶Ҳ᲻ϵغѧǵΪǷʲôΪõһŵҩŵҩԸıʣǳʺʹá
Ըıʣ֮۾һ
Ȼ֪Լ츳ôǸ֮ǰ˵ģǿ϶ǲ;ơھƵ츳Ѿչ˳ٶȱҪ졣һֱȥĻǳᱻƳ
ڳһŸıʵĵҩ˶̲סҪá
ϵεҩֻһţԺܻиࡣڵĻҪһŵҩ׸ø˭һ£Ͼǹϵһӵ飬ҲȻŵҩԺܸԪ
ֱץεģһ̲֪Ϊʲôȴ˿һˡ
⿼ĲʵǿƷ
֮࿴˿˴˳Ĭ
۶˭B츳ҩ裬˵Ǹı˵Ķ
Ϊѣѡ
ǲ֮꣬ѡȡ
ʱȥӡ
֮Ȼ̧ͷ˿ǣԺҷſԸıʵĵҩɣ
⻰һЩ𾪡
û뵽˵⻰Ļ֮Ȼ֮ǰ˵һλ֮Ϊ츳ҩ裬ӶӰĹϵ֮˵⻰ʱЦ˻
ллˣӡԺĵҩһ§֮ļ˵š
š֮˵ͷҲЦš
û˵ʲôB츳ҩӸˣ°ɣ
֮ˡ
ǿ˵ıӰǰ׼ץֽķ飬ҲǾþ

졣
յ˻ĹʼóһϺ֤
ЩͿȥƽѧļˡ
ңóһ˲ʱ÷ɵˡ
ǳʾ֤ұʾԴ÷ȥźʵ÷ʱŲɡ
֮ң֮ǰ֮ϳǮѾü˶֡
ǵĵƺһж͵ͨˡ
֮ĸĸǹˣ׾ݣǹǱǰ漸ѧļ˶飬ӲҪǼҳԷ

һֱƼңǻһʱ䣬ЩѧǿԷѧԺ
˳㣬Լûϵ
̲ס겻ѣȻǴºó˹ҵıӣܱôסҲѹ֣ϾЩ϶ǹģȫȥŲѯҲûеɡ
û˺֮ǣѧԺʽѧͿԿʼˡ
ǰѧԺǸ࣬ԺѧԺǾȫѧԺ
ڵ죬Ǿյ˼ѧ룬˵ҪȥЦһʱ䡣
ȻûвӦʵĵ
Ҳһ죬յ˷ǩԼϢ
ǷѷЦ紫͵ѧԺϵͳѯʡ
ʱãЦʵ̫÷Ц磬ѧɹ񡣡룬ѧȥЦôҲȥһˣһĽչΣҲɫһʦѡ
ȥЦ֮ǰǻһҪ
ǾǰѺţоҩ˪ȥһ£Ҳ֮ܲһҹ˾

档
ǶһȺȥЦѧǵȥЦ磬ԼѡʽмҪɵĹǻΪǺ濼˵ݡһЩĻҲǵĿ˳ɼŽ
һȺѧĲ˾
ֵǸԼЦʱ䡣ͱȽϴḻͽСѧԸ𡣡
Ժܸܲ㣿Ӣʵ
ǵʲôҡҡͷЦ磬ǻпģʱΣգһǻչһġ
˵֮ȽЦ硣
ѧҲŽ롣

Ц磬ɽɵ˼¡
ͻȻ֣һԵ˶ɵˡ
ϸˣôЩԾܿӵ
ɶʱֺͷ㵽һ飬ıôڣôû˿ĸı䣬ѵǹ⻷
ڽ¾Ž̲סʵ


99 ¾Ž
ǩԼ֮Ժ֮оͶĶЩǹѧԺġ
Ժ֮еѶϢѾ֪ѧԺĪ⡣
ΪѧԺԺﲻòη
ԭʦܡǰ忴ǵʱЩˣǵ뵽뿪ɽ֮ǰǰ׺ˣǸĿڳƺΪǰ
ʲôǰǰģֵƼɡЦЦ
Ժԥһ£ЩӦ뵽ԺҪ뿪һ磬ֲö¾ŽΪ˵ԾѶ¾ŽȥСӣʴӱҺ츳ҴеĶ󡣡
ԭһ涼ġ룬Ҳû׷ȻѾǩԼڸȥѧԺǲУһҪȥ
һԺţ﹧
ô£ʦ涼ôˣȴֵ˵ĵһ㣬ʵǷ˼ֵܵʲôˣǸѧԺ岻ҷԣֻһߺ˼롣
ȰԼ齻ҡҲŷĶ¾Žϵͳǣ÷Ķ¾ŽջԼС
ԺӻóԼ顣
ǽӹ֮󣬿ȷѾǩ֡
ͬʱϵͳԺ
Ƿ¾Ž
䣡
Ĭ֮йڶ¾ŽݴԺ
΢һ£ȫѧ˷Ķ¾Ž
Ҳһ˿Ц⣺ܲĽܾֻʽԾĻ¾Žȷʵһһ书ˡ
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˿ǰ壬һҲ弶Ϊʺһս
֣ǹô
Ҫɣһֵܣɵ׺һ֮УĶ֡
û£һΪѹƵһЦЦû뵽Լ֮ǰװƣ˵ļ̣ôǲˡλᣬԺҿɲָˡ
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СӣԥʲôԺԸָ㣬㼸ĸߴٵ
ŶߵǶ棬ֵܣл
ǿ˿ΧԱһ֦
ֵܣɵˡ
Сӣȼ̫ͣʲô޽֮΢΢ҡҡͷ̳ŴѩĽеĽǻҪ˵ָ壬ʵһҲûпʡ
ôѧ۵һһֵľ澭ݣҶѧ⣬˵Ц磬ڸһ˲磬ӦܱȡȻվⷽĲθסˡţע֦棬ֱ֦ͦ罣
һչ¶ʧɫǷﶼɵˡ
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˵ͷŻɽɵṦһǡ
õĿǾĽﻹЩġ
΢΢һЦ֦ӭȥƽʽ
ȻǶ¾Ž
ڽе±ˣⲻǷľѧôôҲᡣ
ҲסˣѵĻ˻¾Ž
ǿ巢㶣֦һֱ֮ϣСӣսʱ򻹸ҷģԺҪ˵ˣһ˲ʧͿɥһȰԺ󲻹ܶԷʲôˣ˵ʲôʲôȻνˣǾ͵һʱ̹ȥȰѶԷڵ˵
ΪɶۣЩ⡣
ΪʲôǺǣΪڻࡣȻѾνˣͲһ˿һĳɡȻĽ裬ĽҲɳߣһǰ˵ţָָµĽĽ
սӵľˡ
ȻΪһѧ̫ȫǱ򰡣
һԿޱȣô죬ͬ£弸Ь䡣
ǰսֻĸݣǾǲҲ̶á
ָʮӺڷ֦ˣԺҪߵ·أɣ
˲εĻֻɵЦ
¾Ž壬ͻɽҲ޹ϸˣһȸɽɡ
ǣԺ
ˣ壬ɺôˣǺȻЩ棬Ͼһֲġ
Ѿˣʦ˵׾顣˵ʱ̲סЩ˷ܣҺʦߵһ𣬻Ҫлֵܵİ
ϲΪˡЦԾıˡ
ԺˡȻһȶһ㣬ЩڵˣܲǲΪá
ţǻ˻֣Ѿʧ
ͷľȻʦ֣ʦǶƳ磬˵ʵпܱǶܶߡ
ôǳ˼һ£ôԼ飬ȻˣҲûпֱӰнѧԺ


100 ʥ
һУܿ͵˸ǰ
ͬԭ
ȻҲ˼ѧĶ¾Žԭ棬ǿΪϵ˼¡ôǱȻ壬ÿڵ˼¡
򿴵ǣסԭû뵽ǻɽɣǾȻδ֪Ȼݻˡ
򿪿ڳƺΪȻҲǿǵǵʵ
û뵽Ȼû˿֮ɫͶ˼ֺøУҺЩԵ֣·ɽԹһѾȥû뵽ŮʵԵ֡
ЦЦȴû˵ʲôֻǰѷд򿪣óĳʳ
忴оƣǵٺ٣ֵܣҽһҪúúһ
Ҳǵ˵ͷ
һԿˣ˰ںʳ
Ǻ˼ȴĺŮ֪´ô
û뵽ǻ˼һµָ֪´ʲôǴ֣
Ȼ棬ֺʹЩġ
΢΢һЦֱһ壬Ůγԣ
Ĭˡ
ʿҲǴˣȻһ塣
ֺʹֿá
Ȼ˵Ҿͼ򵥵˵һ¡ҲʼĴĵ˲࣬еļҲַ֮١۴ڣȴǲܡԴһλʵۿʼٻʵ۶ʿĴ˼ɣ޲øˡʿʵԶͨˣÿһĻʵҲ
һʵۣ־Ʒϣ̶ռڽɽ档ȻһĻʵûʲôΪΪа˫ȴҲˮԺֻаᱻ͢ơ
ۣйоء
Ҳǵ˵ͷ
Ʊ⣬ʿ泯Ȧ˰͹Ŵıһ޶Ժ˼벻Ͽҵǿʢ϶ǻʿ̳ġ
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볯͢һ͢Կ֣ǻۣѾЩЧˡ
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˵С̫ӵõһλİڲڳ֮͢аγһ齨һ֯Ҳڼǰʵ۲֪ʲô̼˵Ժ̫Ӽڹ
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ϸԽԽı֡
˻ĸߣðհ⣬污ˮ˰ѧãٲȻһʥɡ棬ʵ۶겻ɵ飬ٰΪֻ֪գԿڿഫʥա
˵ʱҲЩ塣
ʥգ
̲סЦһԼôͬѧרҵˣѧԺѧܺã
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ȻǺܶǻ˼ǿӦʶʥա
ֻ֪νʥվ֮ǰǻɽɰʦѧչء
֪飬Ҳ뾡ļһ
˿򣬷ľƱŮϾͻ뿪ɽ´֪ʲôʱ֮ǰһ£ǷȺδôֱԺ㻹һЩΪá
һЩ
ЦЦˣ֪˵ˣҲȥЩ÷ѾҸı䣬δҲ޷ԭеľֻҶˡ
ʱѾоһ
룬óһԼ飺ŮҺ㣬Ժв֮·򿪴ǩ֣ҾͻһʱߣһȥһȤĵط
˵֮תˡ
Լ飬üͷ΢壺ʵǿ߶߶ģ֣
忴Լ飬ȴŪʲô
ɽ¡
ѾڵǣԺȥģ
ȥĶǣҪȥһ񡣡
ٶȺܿ죬һ·֮ϣѾע⵽ĸı䡣
˵ǵʱѾˡ
ûס̫Ӹ̫ӸԱߣһԺӡ
ȻûйְΪ̫֮£ھϡ
ÿСԺ˺̫ܶ࣬Ҳÿһˡ
ıƸԽԽˡǿǰⶰԺ䣬ҵңʥӣһﻹǲԼ


101 ʥյʦ
ſڣ˿ѾͣĽӣٵĳ͢Աڵȴټ
Ǻͷȥȴ
ʲôʥӣҴһȵ
ҺմѾʶ˵ҵѧҪѵҪŶӲɣ
ǵĻЦˣҲźЦ
һ۵ǵ˻ǻǼҴʥˣ֪֪㿴ͺҼҴ˲࣬˵ҼҴ˵ʦɵӲɣ
һҲǸŵÿҼҴ˵Ķȥðݸÿ춼С
Ŷܶô
˵಻࣬컹һϺţ˵ҼҴ˵׵ء˻ǰ죬һ˹ֹ˵ҼҴ˵ӡǻûףðǼҴ˵ʦҪҼҴ˵ˣҲпԵģǲҪΪǣٲҪͽΡ
ǺǣЩЦãû뵽һѧԺѧôѣԺĻ湻ġ
ŸˣҼҴ˻Ǻǵġһ˸һʳǮ֮󣬺úõĹӣǧҪַ顣Ǹ̾˿ͬʱҲΪǵΪеҡ
˵ĸۡ͹٣϶ҲҪȡ
ԱߵȺĹԱʱҲʮֵľ塣
ʥղʥգһЩ£ƽϣȻǮʳʵЩΪʵԲλࡣ
˵ʥսĩٴν͸˰ڿǸ˻ˡд˵ʥմ֮󣬳ũҵ˰Ҫ˰ղũҵǴǺεȵǿʢ
ʲôʥڽѧãǲǻݼǧĺ¡˵ѧԺ󲻵ʶ֣˴˵е书ȫϰĻԺǲܱܰߵ嶼ɨˡ

˵̸ۣͷ
νЦ磬׼㣬ڵһӦöļƻ֮С
ȴЩżԺǾվô
ȵȰɣĳɾͣҺܸˣһҲ޷ЦЦȻ۵ҵȷʦȥͨһ¡
Ұ죬ǡ
ҵ۾ǺȻֻתһһ㣬ȥͨһ£ʦſڵ
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ЦЦһСֶζѣ֣
ʵֻ֪ⲻǾ澭ƻ󷨶ѡ
ѧԺʦԽԽ࣬Ǿֻܴһʦϻһѧ߼ܣۻ֮£һܡ
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˴ϸ۲ЩˣȫһóϷӡ
ոλĺǱ飬ӣƺõ˲ٵָ㡣
ʲôʱ򣬹жˮ
ʥգȻǴҪʢˡ

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ǰ˵Ĵٹˣŵ˽ͷ
ǻںͷʲôʱʥ˲СĶֻһ۴˳ԡȻӼҴҵ˳һǵ̫ƣһò
ǻһˣǾƽ֮
ڵƽ֮ȫ˲ٵ֮϶Թˡ
̲ס겻ѣ˵ôı䣬ƽ֮һı߰
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찡ǻҪ˰ɣ
ɵƣʱʥҲֻԺȺ򣬸ûеſӭӡ

ɵɵĸ㲻ǰ״Ƕ֪϶д·ˡ
ûпڣ̫ȴ˵һ䣺֪λʦ
仰һ˶һ
ʥյʦȻˣ
м˲ԾľͿǣѵո˵ģ
ʱǣ뵽Ǹո˴Ļǰһʦõˡ
ʲô
Ҳ̫˰ɣôܣ
ԭʥյʦǻǲǱʥջҪߡ

̫ƺݺݵԼһѣΣⲻΡʦһפԲԵôᡣ
ƸǣǵݰҲֻǵ˵ͷѡ
ƿ˵ĵ̫ӣƺͼûʲôﰵƳ˼֡
ƹƣȴߵƽ֮Աߣ²û뵽㾹ȻѾΪ뱨ҲԶˡ
ƽ֪֮ǵء
ȻоǵΪǶǿҲκεĲ
뵽ԼΪҲǰͣƽ֮һϥصлǰĴ£ò˶ãһгˡ
ЦЦƽ֮ԼԼˣڻҪм
ֻһǻ޵ƽ֮Ҳܺ
˽ڣ֪ǼˣԷ׷ȥʥյʦ˶ǣϢŴ˴˶ܺʥյʦһʲôˣſ϶ȻԽ̲ʥѧ
ֻ֪ͨǲİʦԺ


102 Ƭ
ĸ֮ۡڡ
֮ϣ̫ƶûκεĻ˵
񣬶̶̼ڣ˵ĳɾͣĺܲѧԺҵЩѧ棬ҲĽչˡ죬ʦֵҲ׷Ժ˵ʲôͶģշһ¡
һ֪ǻ˼
϶ѧԺЩͬѧĽЦ硣
Ȼ֪ЩͬѧǴѧԺѧһûе㱾졣
Щͬѧãܵ˵ж棬Ժ϶æġ
̫ƺƽ֮ǰ𾪣һѾŪڹ֮䣬ҪһȺˣưȫˡ
ѯһȻѾﵽ
ȻԶƽ֮Ҳˡ
Ͼƽ֮Ŀٳɹ׶̫󣬶׽ûκεı׶ˡ
Ȼƽ֮֮ô죬ҲĻһԹ֮ǰΪ
˵ǲòʼ顣
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һȥ
ƽ֮ȻûֻǴһֵ͵˶פء
ֻſڣѾ֮
ƽ֮˽ȥðʮһԱкöӣȴǵĲ鿴
ܲһʱ䣬Ǿɨˡǿ֮󣬺۵вٵĴԸ˸䣬̲ס뵽ҵĳ棬Ŵ˾ǹݰ
ģԵЩĻԺ¶Ҫ鳯͢ˡ
̫ˣһֱǵǰʮһ˿ˣ翴һڿٳɳĶߣԺֶᱻ߸ɵġ
ȥ֮
Ǻһһٷ̫ơƽ֮㡣
ﲻϰֳϣǵԺȥˡ
ƺƽ֮ʶ뿪ˡ
Щ˵ĻҲû˹˼ɣЦԵĹؼΪ̫ͣΪ˱֤İȫҾѷʹ
ԺѾѷнѧԺ
ţԺҲѧԺʦ
Ķ¾ŽƲͬѧȥѧϰġ
ȤԸŷѧѧ
룬˵ͷ
˷ǰҸɵ飬ԺҲûô˼ˡ
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ˣ˵ʧһֲ߻ģһǺ棬ôģǺȻʵ
һһŮˣǿǾͷţ
ƺ˲
Ҳûд˵ôأҵһµĻϣһɫߣ֮ܵó裬ȤζѡνΪӦɫǴǧĵƬʶЩŮֶΣﻹʲôȤЦ
̲סǲ˲
ⷽȻڵġ
񿴵ǶԴ˺ܸȤֵϣҹҹϸģҴļƿΰ磬챻ˡ´ҪѧԺǰӵ㣬ҲӶ٣ҸоҲ˶ã˷ȥһز͸ƨˡ
Ϊп̾˿һǰСµȥ֡û뵽һ˵ת֮죬ٻȥʱ򣬹ưͬѧϲˡ
΢΢һЦԺʵı仯ģѵûиоʱƿǸǹ̫ӣ˵ʱ򣬶Ҫ˼±ʲôë
ЦЦȻ֪Լı仯˵ˣ˵㻹ȥ˺ľ£治֪ĵӣҪǱǶܸһˣô졣
һЦԺĸˣȥľµʱ򣬿ǴԺšǶ֪ҺԺĹϵҶôѾ֪ǵ飬ȥľҲͲһѧԺ飬ܸȤֱǩԼ飬ǲԸ
ΣԸǿͶ·ǩԼġ
Ҳǵ˵ͷȷʵһ۷壬Ҹоƺû׷Һĵаʱ˵һΪԼԵô¶ͰѸɸˡ
Ц磬˵ǵһҲΪʵƣɲԡ
һᣬȻԺ˵ҪʮнϴʽȻʱЩԲϣ֮ǰľ飬ǴЦƺҪˡ
ǲ۾һÿڵ濴һξ飬Ҷ̲סЩ̾Цʵ˲ãҪһˡ
˵ȣʵнѧԺѡ


103 һɻ
ˣҲͿõˡ
ԺɽɣᰮɣóҾͨɽɵ书
ǳ̵̣ĳϣͬᰮɣó٣ͨѪ롣
ԺҪȥĻнѧԺ׾ٵ顣ͨԺһҪѧϰһ
׾٣ֻܺǺˣֳʵȷǿ񶼲֪ʵΪҲΪǵأѧԺѧΪܵġ
ǿ֪Լʵ
˼һµϴ֣ʿۣӣһ˿ӦҪȥĻ÷ңȰ飬÷㡣
õģԺ

ڶ糿Ǻͷ뿪ˡ
֮Ҫŷǵһ岻סô಻Ҫļһ
˷ͲһˣֻҪ֣ó֡
ȻҪǳֵĻҲֻܿԺȨȵһ޵Ч
˻ʱ䣬ŵ˺ɽɵؽ硣
ΪҪϴֵϢ˳ȥڵĺ֣ʿɼ
Ǻͷһջס£֮¥ò͡
Ȼ书ôأԵĶǴȻȾûһǸɾģʲôζûСһţƷ
ȻһԻǶڳԺȻǺܽġ
ŴĶΪûִҵȾʳĵԴκε⡣
Ժ˵ӵЦ磬ʲôǻסЦЦ˵ѧԺиҶĴĶϵʡĶȻʳĲҲ޷ҶʳȰɣ
⵹ҲǣѧԺԺúƷһ˵ţȴǷ˿ӣȻһȺ˽ںǸСãò㣬ǿɰ̲סȥĹͷ
գȥǱһ΢Щÿڵ
õģʦ㡣տڡ
ԭСѾͷЦ棬Ϸݿɲ١ΪҸıȻҲܵӰ졣ˣСòҪеʦҲȥˡǼԺ
ϡ
Ҳ
Ǻͷｲ˲ٹھ澭ݣһЩŴѩĽ÷á
ЦһʱȣѧԺʥء
⼸ѾоΪࡣ
һֱĸСʱǴϢɾʱȻݶ߶뵽˵ЩڣȤ
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貨΢ṦȻֻ弶߼˼˶׷
ܺģֻнϵļҵ̹ŵЩ⡣
ףȥˣǺǺɽȺõķ䡣
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ǻûеȥ鿴Ϳһ˴ĳõķ˳
ؼ˻һСãϸһɲա
ǶʱȻݣɻһﲻﲮɣ
ɽɵҲˣͳ׷˳ȥ
ﲮʱ˹ɽɵãСԺҵˣҪǸ׷һˡ
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ʮӺ󣬺ɽɵһȺ˾ͿﲮӰˡ
һֱܵһﲮͣûнתֵܣ㶼һ·Ӣ۾ô
ǺǣҶӢ۾ʲôģǲȤֳӰ
ʲô˼ﲮǺ֡
ʵôǲ֪ôشˣΪ׷ôֵ۵ĸоǸɴҲûʲô׷ΪСȿϵģĲȺ˵㣬㶼׼ˣȴȣɾĲˡ
ߺȣԭͬСﲮûϲЦտֲṦôãȻ׷ңǲ
֣֪СôֱӲôϸһգ˹ȥֲһֱûз
Ҳݣ˵ֵܣѵһֱɻֱӲɵģﲮһŵӡ
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ֵܣҸ˵ɻһҪѭ򽥽ȻǶͬˣҽ͸˵һһɻ⡣ôһϸĲɻһźܴѧʡ
Ŷ˵Ȥ
ȣǲΪ˲ɻɻɻֻǽҪܵǲɻĹ̡ѵ㲻͵˵ʱ˷ܣɵֵʱ򣬺ˬô
Ǻǣǲ˲ﲮԲɻǺо
ΣҪôɻܵԷΪ衣һ׵㣬˵ֻҪЩɣڶƶɻϸƻҪ滮·ߣһ֣ǲɹҲܱץסˣǾǵֺôһ仨ӲϹֻܽǿ飬ҪԸ
ȵȣ֣ȷ˼ܺԸǴϵ
һʼʱǿ϶ǲܵģʱҪ˵ֶˣѾˣ飬òֻҪģԸΪ㳨˫ȵġﲮ˵ʱһ֮ɫ
֣ţǲòһĴָ
ղҺ˵ˣǲǲɻĲ裿ô㽲һηֱһ仨Ǻûǲлѧʾˣŵһһ仨ҪȹòòϵȣǾҪȣȷ졭
ﲮգϸǽ
ĭɣŮ֪ʶǶǴ۽硣
ǾѧУϿΣû꣬ѧЩһ۾ܿһŮǲǴòŪ֣ȻʮУг״Ԫ˳ϲҰ


104 ǩ
֪Ѿ˵⡣
ﲮ⽲˼СʱڸоЩˣôҿǰұѧһ붼ǴڸˣȻԺһܴﵽ磬ֻҪŬ϶紳һġ
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˵꣬ﲮҪ뿪
ȴǲԸˣԿ϶ﲮһ˲ţ֣ôණЩŮ飬ʵ̫ˡҾͲˣһѧԺȱʦ
˵ľԺ档
ﲮҲãҲգﲮŮ˵ƷǺѧϰֵġ
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ѧεĲˣ㣬ǳԾ澭ĵѨؼͨһѨӦֵöʧȥĸӦͨһЦЦôڷ˰ɣ
Ϊңսֶʵ˵ãķڷﲮҲһӲȻ֪Ǿ澭ʲô⣬ȷʵʶǵ֮
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ʲôﲮɨһۣЩֵ
ô⣬һ仰ǩǩǱʵ
ǩﲮʮֵӲ
㲻ǩĻǾͱҲˡ˵ţĽһﲮĿӾǵ˵ϡ
ɶﲮŻˣҲнڲٵģҪǸҶʲôҵӡ
΢΢һЦģҶ岻Ȥ֮󣬿԰˸вȤ
ңﲮʱɫ԰ףλεĳ˶ǲˡ
ҪٲǩĻҪޡ¶һа
ǩﲮվˣȴһݿֵԼѣҾǩ֣Ժˣܰô
Խ룬ﲮԽǾǹġ
ǵǩԼֵʱȴǳɵˡ
ֻԼ淢貵ĹâȻ͸оʲôԺ
ϸоЩȻǹһѧԺļ䡣ţٿǵʱ˶ˡһɱܵη壬վվˡ
Ժﲮź
԰СԺѧԺʦء΢΢һЦԼ飬ͬʱ˼ﲮıµǲ٣Ҹûȡʲôأ絶ṦƣŮ죿ˣﲮһʶŮ˵ͨܣӦҲԻȡɣ


105 Ц
˼һȾų˿絶Ṧơ
˵ģƿ϶Զ貨΢ѧҲûʲôô絶ȻЦ治ԶĵοѧѧֻҪһѧؼҲܿѧᡣ
෴ﲮŮʶŮ˵ļܣǱȽѧϰġ
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С˵֮УүӶʶŮûֻǽﲮ⿿ҵ˱ĺɽáǸոǿﲮ˵ˣŮ˷
˵ʶŮ˲ǹؼ
ϵͳﲮŮǺʶŮ˼һô
ڣﲮŮյ֪ʶʶŮ
ǺãҪȡﲮʶŮ˵
УԵȣ
Ǳ۾ϸĸܡ
Լıƺų΢ζȻЩζֱܷԴ
ϸᣬһζرˣɢζ
ﲮⶢգ˵Ϊζ
ȻʶŮˣȻֱܷζŮϵζΪСﲮ˵ֻҪãֻǱһᣬֱܷһŮûкͱͬû붼úܱ̬
ﲮΪѧԺˣǱӡҲԼݡ
ĿﲮһۣҲǰûлҸŮԺøʵʵڿΡѧԺЩŮʦһǼ򵥽ɫʲô˼СıǴİ졣
ﲮʱһͬʱҲЦԺʵġϵȷ˴ǲɻҵײ˭ˣҳһԡЩ￴ҵ磬ǿϲˮѣҲռռϱ˶ѡһ˼Ů˲Ը⣬Ҵǿġ
ˡǵ˵ͷϵͳܲܰﲮȴ͵ѧԺȥ
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ޱȣСãҿɲҾ㣬ɾΣˡ
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΢΢һЦ춼ˣǻؿջɣ
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Ҵˡ
Ǵ磬ʲôǲǿǰϴֵģ
ǣҲǡǳ˼һ£֪һ׺ܺҪˣ˳ĻҴӵˡ
Ŷ

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Ϊ׵Ķʦ̫ŶԱ˸м֮顣
ʱһĹȥɶ˺ǣıѾõһϷҪˡ
⼸棬ǼΡ
Ͼ֮࣬Ҳָһ书оڻɽ˼ɽѧĺɽѧ
ʱڵϴֵӡ
ְ׾ٵľͽͷңɴ棬󣬡ʦһҲֵĵطȫˡ
Ժģ⼸ҵĽͻƣһ棬ѾҵĶ֡ţ˵ʵԺ˽Ҫ飬Ҷ֪˵ʲôáҲԺ˵ģ⣬аĻҲȫߵˡ
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磬һЩʿ³͢ҲЦ硣
ԭһޣڳ͢ߺɵ˾վ˳ǸѱڣͰ˵ħ
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ٿĪ磬֮УҲһ˰˵
ѱߵ磬һ֮ڣɱħ̳ͷôһŲǺѡֵܡȻĻҵе
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ʱ򣬷ѱ˻֣ļС
ۿһɱҪʼˡ
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ѱüǺˣҿڳԣ
ǺǺһЦ˭ҲһΪˡֻΪһֳЦ˶ԴҪˣɲС

˶ɵˣ˹ƶǵԲС
ȫӣһ磬һãȻ˵һӣɷ񣿡
Լɵˣ֮£ǰε֪ġ


106 һ
ɽɵ˿ţǷѱ򣬵ŭСӣȻҲɵ飬
˵ţѱһǡ
ɾʱһԶ˹صȺһҧס˷ѱֱۡ
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ⶡĶʦܣɽʮ̫֮ףʵҪڷѱ֮ϡ
ڶԱߣһ˽½أҲɽʮ̫֮һʵͬ
￴ˣȫӣԵĵļǰ棬ɽɵˣ뿪һ
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˭˵Ŀһ֣ǸţҲȡʤɣ
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ΧһȺ˻࿴˿ԾԾԡ
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½ضһۣһ׹⣺Ǵҵˣ겻弶Ϊʱɱ


107 ô
ں֮м
Ҳ˼ΪǾٶת˼£Ȼܿ貨΢ں档
Եú˶Ϊ֮𾪡
ʩչʲô貨һ̫ˣ
Ҳǿô°
ԲۣѾ׷ˣ

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룬ʩչ貨΢Ҳ䵽һʯͷϣóǡ
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ǻ㹫ĸ質ԼԲԲգҲһϲͨ
ϸţȴܾȱһЩʲô
ϸһ룬ˣֻӣûи裬ǲ𺳡
ԾǾ͸峪ܵͣر
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׺һЦˣֻǽ񳯡Ц׷ϳ˭˭ʤ֪ɽЦңھ쳾ཿЦȣ黹ʣһաЦټȣڳճЦЦ
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˭˭ʤ֪һĿɬ뵽Լͱһӣǵ˽ȴѾ֪Ϊζ
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ԭǴ绹ᳪ裬裬ΪʲôأСѾͷ۾Щɰ
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ǳԶȥһڸʵʯ֮ϣǸ˲˭
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108 ܲ˺úõװһα
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ȻˣǰҪˡ
¸֣еҲˣȻ󣬻磬ֻ궼ڴС
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ðˣ̾˿Сֵܣˣڻ㣬Լ뿪ͺãҪΪǶ
ѾЦǵõСֵܵʣѾ޺СֵܣȥҲǵһΪܺһս
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ǻںⷽô
ⷽǸˢġ
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ѧ͸淢飬ҲͲȥͶȡˡοѾbugҪı磬һʲôɱ͵ǰһ鷳
ɲ֪ǵ뷨ǱǵĿԸŵˡ

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˲Ծÿ·֮ǰЩηˣҲӴ
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罻ˣǸСӣǾܽ˲֪ν˵š

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Բۣ⻹һءǲˣޱȵƣѾĿûУǷѱ˸ɵġ
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꣬ܲ˺úõװһαƣˣ֪Ķţ㴵ˡһõԺȻȫˡҿ˫ۣҲҪˡ
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109 ӯӯ
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110 
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ԭľ鷢չӯӯӦ壬˺žȳС
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111 ްѧ
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112 ֮
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߶ҵһͨǲǿĶ䣬һǼѪһ֡
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ٺ٣Ҹո͵¼˺Σ˭ģһᷢɲѵģʮǮҸӡиǼ
˶ʱǺˡ
Ǹ翴Χôˣ۾һոյ֮ѾһȥˣҸҴԼԭСƻ
ֻǸһڣ˾Ϳʼ
ʲô͸ոյûô
ȫ
ܲˣոǼһأʮǮתϱ˸ҷӡ

Ǹʱβѣⲻ˵ŮĻôû뵽ȴǱ˵ϡ
Ҳɫѿ
ֳ뿪ˣȻ֪淢顣
֪˰ĺθɽˮŵϣӶȻ󲨡
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Ǻֳ˺ܶ࣬Ҳֳ֪
ԭֳСһ¶һֱŸĸµŲš
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ΪֳĸĸûʲôֳȫھӻչʳӡλչĻסҽԺȫĴ˳Ȼǲͳգ׬Ǯøβ
ЦЦֳ֪Ҳ֮ˡ
λչô꣬Ѿˡ
һͺðˡ
ֻҪֳǸ̸κˣӦòֳܰսѧԺˡ
ΪѶȵʱϵͳʾȻ
һզϵͳˣ


113 ѧԺŽ
ϸȥúô¡
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ˣ֮ǰѾ츳
ŽһѧԺʦΪרԱҲ⡣
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114 ӭҽݰָ
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ǸΣոռ˻һͺӣһãȻͱ־档
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ڳģΨһ֪ôµľֳˣ˭ǸäˣûпǸʲô
Ҳ֪ôɣЦЦʵһҽҽ֣ô
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ΣǾͲܸһ͵ĻôɣǵԺԺġ
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ǿЦúõ˵ˣôУҪ˲УȻԺǱˡ
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ٴο˿ҽüȥԺ
ҽԥһ£ҽڵԺ֪ڲҽԺǾȥԺҲһʱҵġ
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ʱҲֻܰȱˣ
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Ȼˡ
֪µЧʣԺĵĵ
Ӻ
Ժûˡ
ֻǼܰôֹӣҽԺԺˡ
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󣬸ʮλҽ⻹㣬໼߼Χš
ųʵû˵
ǶԱһԼôҲǸԺȴֻܱ˶µʵġ
ʯһҽɵˣǺҲû֪ͨԺ
΢΢һЦˣ
˿˵ĵǱӲѡ
װװ
һﲻҪԺô˼ʯԺˣôݣ
˵ʯԺ᲻һˡ
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ֻʯΣǼ˵һ˶벻ĻȿȣӭҽݰԺιָ
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˵õĴأ˵úýƬأ
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δֱӾֱֳۣСӣĶʹ˵Ҹոǲʲô
λҽֻоԴһΣҪιȥ
Ц̫ˣ


115 似ҽ
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·ϵʱǾͺ˵Լβûе氡
Χ۵ȺڣݶҪҧˡ
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ոֱӴĵ绰˵һҽҽԺӴһ¡
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ǵ˵ҽκүӵˣʯʱˡ
үӵĲǿǶҽȴûа취ҽΣ˵ȴһλ˸κˡ˵ɽУȫҽȦ涼˲Сķ粨ҲǰǴ˵е˵ҽ
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116 ȥ
ǿһʯ㣬Լĳױˡ
ҪʯҲһԺȴԺ˵ĤݣֱҪˣоԼԺţƵġ
ãҲشʯ⣺ʵҲûʲôҸոʩչһֽ۶뷨뷨кǿĻָЧרԲļеԭͱȽˣ漰徭Ѫתܽͨġ
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ǾԼҪˣҿѧԺԺһֱæô¡˾ûȭͷ˵飬еĻֻ˵ȭͷӲ
ö⣬Ѿôܺͽֵ´θץˡ
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117 ѧԺչ˼·
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뵽ĵط۾ѧǶȥ׬ǮѧԺǳɰٷ֮ʮҲһʾ޿ʱѧ˾ҵѧԺֱɡĻ˵Ҫһڣһǧڡһڶпܡ
뷨ܺãǻǷڡ
Ǿڵѧʵ̫٣ѧԺʱ̫̣ѧԶһ档
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Ѿˣȥûг
ѧԺؿǿɾţˡ
ߵһ˾˭ģҷ˭ģҾƵ˭ģȻѧԺѧԺöӡ
δֵ㽰

뿪ҽԺʱ򣬷һޱε飬Ȼ˪ӡ
æ绰˪ͣȫ࣬ԭͰ龭˪
ŷģͬʱֶмһ
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Ǿȥҩ˾ϰԼ̸һ¡
µһ죬ѧԺ档
ǵڶȥЦ֮ǰͱ¼ѧԺ뵽ԼʱľȣǻЩ̿
ЩҲļʵ;Ȼǲࡣ
˻ЦѧָɵҲֻˡ
飬ƣһǡ
Ժɶ񣿡
˶Ǻڴܼ


118 һͨĹ
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Ŷô鷳ô
֪ô뵽ʲôȴ۾
ˣһο飬ɵĲҿ׼ȥͼݽһߵѧؼʵòʲôõĽ̵ͼвٵؼѧȥ輸ؼ͸ɴ˽
Խһ߼ѧ鼮̫ˡ鵱Ķˡ
Ҫѧ貨΢ѿھǵ

뿪Ҳʼæ
ҪԼǧҩϰ壬ǹϵ˾Ĵ£Ȼ
˪ϻȥʱͺϵˣ˵ȥλϰס̸
ǰ˪ĵַɽнһׯ԰
ǰƺţȷ󣬾ͺǺˣɽоȻǮˣһСׯ԰ڽ⣬˵ҲҪֵڰɣ
ſڵǣǾ
Ȼϰ̸ģԤԼ
һ˽ȥ
ӣǸܽȥı˻ԽȥҪ
ȻҪϰӹġ
ΪѧԺĻҵˣ
ҲûдʲôһĵҲûʲô
ǽׯ԰澹Ȼʮڡ
ϸ۲Щڣʮ㣬㲻ߣҲԲͨڹ˾ġ
ׯ԰棬ΪǰԺͺԺ
Ǹڣƹׯ԰͵˺Ժ
ںԺ棬Ȯ͵ͬʱһںźʲôġ
ʮѾǿˡ
ԭԺһС͵ĸ߶򳡵أȻһ˿ΧĹʱһڹ棬ӵԱߣȻһһ׶ߵĴȮ
ӦþָȮˡ
һǺеˣ¶׶Ŀ⡣
ԱߵͷǵˣҵĿˣҪˡ
ԵĺͨԣȻǲˡ
ʱҲӵһĶʮӣƤЩڣЩҲԵЩǷϡ
˼
ǲȤʮǸϰ壿
վ˿ǣҾǸϰ壬û뵽Ҫǧҩôᡣ
һ֪ʲô˼
ʱֻӼҽһ£ҽסǧҩǰĹ˾ڵӯ״ֹۣÿµľ󲻵򡣡
ǲһ
ÿӯȴҪһҹ˾ˣвɣ
׿ǵı飬֪ô£֪ΪʲôҪǧҩˣʵ˵Ҳܼ򵥣Ϊұ뿪ɽУԺҲӦòɽˡǧҩ׸壬ˣԼ㻨Ǯ
üͷ΢壬Ѿȷ׾Բ򵥡
ЦЦ֮ǰӦҲ˽ǧҩǧҩһ𣬼ֵڣҵҪҲֱӣڣתˣҾܰǧҩС
׿ڣûио⡣
ǧҩȷʵֵۡ
ûڣҪ͵õǧҩֻ˪Ǯˡ
ǮͽǮɣ
ҲνˣҪ绰ʱֿˡ
ܴӦһ飬ҿԸһڣ԰ׯ԰Ҳ͸㡣׺Ȼص˵š
˵ʲôΪԼˡ
ֻҪܴӦһ飬ǧҩڣׯ԰뿪֮Ҳ͸㡣ֽһ飬ôԿһ£
˵˵ʲô飿ԽԽˣײͲͯӱ仯İɣ
ʵܼ򵥣ôߺҪһֱޡָָЩᡣ
ȷûиΪһһڻһׯ԰ǲǷˣ̲ס˳
ͨĹʮ꣬ҵֵܣ֮ǰ᲻µľˡ˵ʵҸȱǮȥ֮ȱǮ׵Ҳ޷ֻͣҪ˵𲻴ӦУ
ֻȻԴӦʵڲʲô
Ǻãôˡ˳Ҳһ£ҷӦңȴûԺĺܲҡûĻھȥ
ǵ˵ͷ
ɾʱԶ˴Ц֮үǺðϧ˵ˣرԹЩϹ⣬ر㡣ԻҰɱˣһٹ


119 ϲģʽ
ǿˣǾȻׯ԰Χ棬һȻƽһ㡣
ֻһۡ
Ǿ֪ⲻһͨˡ
׿ӵʱɫʮֵѿ־Ƕģ
־ȴЦҪүϳͶүûйϵ·ɽУ뵽үϾҪص壬ʱﲻΪ˴ĵȻүˣȫ˶үɣ
ɫѿ־ôĵӣֱ·ϣ
־ЦؼҵˣؼҵүҲ㲻ˡү֪λؼɣʱүͰĵԺһүһĶӣ˵ܶɽ𣡡
裬ǳ裡
־ʲôˣؼҵһҶҷͣ
ޱȵķŭȴ޿κΡ
ؼһڸҪΪڽӴĹߡ
ޣûκεİ취
˭Ǹ
־˵֮󣬺ȻΧԾ
ڣס׻æ
ؼѵЩȻȴҳ֡־һЦֻʮھ͵˵ϡ

־ֱ˺߶֮䣬һһ񹷣ڵˣҧүһڣǶء
幰¶׺ݵĿ⡣
־ʱһԾ׶ߣ˹ȥ
־ϾߣĶݣͬʱﲻ֪ɶʱһذס

໣
һûҧס־ȴ־ԴϻһѪڡ
־ߵͦģϧɡ
ʱҲȥˣ˫ȭյĿ죺־óѣ
˵ţ͵س־
־ףЦҲң
׷ŭ־һȭ
־һ㣬Ǹ㿪ˡ
һȭΧ棬ΧӾǰȥ
ǿޱȾ㵣ûɾȻ˴ҹĲһȭӦóǧǺһ׵˶Ӳƴˡǰ־ǺĽףףײǶ֡
ڶ׵һȭ֮־һ֣׾׻˳ȥ
Ƿһ
һѪ˳ҧվȥ
ͬʱǺҲ־
һһȮϵĺĬ־۾ȫ
ֻ־ţźײΧ棬һߵΧǸײˡ
ſû˿顣
վȴǸоȫʹ̱˵ϡ
ţȮ¶ȴƶֺ
־ذףһ˺
ףȴǲɱˡ
ϾؼҵֱϵӵܣɱףҪ
Ͳһˣɱ˾ɱˡ
־бһɱˣѣĿ
ɱ㣬ҿɲҡɱôǼ֪ˣҲ޻˵־Цţָо
أһĺУ־ʵû˷
˺ѷΰĺš
ɣаɣȻ㻹Ҫǰ־Цţذ׾Ҫ
ȿȣ
һʱ˵Ŀ
־һԱ߿ȥʱע⵽Ա߻վһˡ
Ȼˡ
ôһϷǣ˿治֪˵ˣǸ鷳ȵһ£ղҺ״Э飬ԺҪչ˵ġɱ˵Ļɾ൱ΥЭ顣
־оЦЦʲôȻҲңѵûпҵʵͨˣһȭҪ
Һ°һηӣޱ˵ϧˣһׯ԰һڵۿۣʵǲˡףղЭ黹ɣ
ܾ˺Ұǧҩ͸㶼СҧǱκεϣ
ͣǾ͸òˡԽԽͲͯˣ־㶼ˡȥҲΪ㡣
Ķ壬ֱ־˵ţӰǳǡ
Եģװˣ·ϣĿ˵ţ￪ʼ
־һȭǵԴȻҪǵ
㣡˵ţһƻӳͻأľץס־ȭͷ־ӵٴȻҲֺ
ߣ־Ȼɫ䣬һףȻˡ
ߣҲĿɿڴš


120 ׵
ǲ˵ľȣֻЦҵĵ̣ôţ֪ô
˵ţ͵һ
۶־
־󾪣Ѿûʱ俼ǲˣ͵һֱۣȻ淢ֻ
ಡһ貨΢ˡ
ɾ·ӻǱ
Ƿŭޱȣһ·ȫûбҪˡ
͵سȥͻʳ
־𾪣æһֻõֵֵ
ôҲ弶ΪǾǺף־ǺĽףѧǱ˦ʮ֡
һƹȥǧ־ֹǶѡ
أ
־ײһߵĸ˿ϣɫޱȵѿǰ˵˭ǿ
־ˡ
ѾĿɿڴȻ֮ǿûʹȫ
Ȼ˵ȻҲ໽
һһ־
СˣȻˣǾͲڡ
־֣̿æǵؼҶүˣҪǸɱңؼҲŹġ
в
Ҳֻ֮Ż˵ֻ
ǲЦˣԭҲ㱾£򲻹ؼѹңǸȡֻǿϧˣҲ֪ʲôؼңȻɱˣֻȰɱˡ
־ɫ԰ףؼҶ֪
һıƽϵغˡ
Ѿ޿ˡ
־ҪˣؼҿǻĴ壬ڵļ˵ĳ֮һҪˣ
΢΢ͣһ£Ŷһ
ڳ˼
־ΪϷæүǼõһӣԺܻ̳ܿмλáңҿ԰үʱٻ󡣶õүʶ˵лؼҵ洫ѧ
ǿ־˵üɫ裬֪϶һΪĶˡ
ֻǿϧֻвм
ôǿǣ
ʱ̲סЦؼҵɱҡУΪҸոĶôЦֻڿؼңҪˡ
ʲô־ΪԼˣؼң˭ʵ
ˣһ˷ϻˡһУޱУЩϵͳĶݴϵͳ棬ԸողûбڸߣĻɫؼӦҲСඣɱ֮ؼҲһãҵĻǺڵġ
־ҪɱҪߡ
ôᡣ
ޱ棬ӿֻһ
־նء
Ѫ־һ˫ӵɵϴĿ
ôҲûϵԼֻɱһûȥȴ˸˱ҵ³
ʱѾǿվǳ˸м
ǵΪҲ𾪡
ǲ׿ڣѾҪ˵ʲôлĻǹƽסһֻ˵Լˣȥ˴òҪʲôۼ
׵˵ͷ־ɱû֪˲鵽ġ
ЦЦʵ鵽Ҳ޷Ҳδؼҡ
ϾҪһѧԺŽʱһѧԺʦ뿪ѧԺ
ؼҪˮȥؼҴɱһַͨӾܽؼˡ
ݸֻ˵Ǵ󻰡
뵽ڣΪ˾ĽӱȽ鷳Ҳ˳
ой׺ؼҵ顣
ؼǻĵĴ֮һһһʮӣλе
ؼңһжʵ˵
״Сͱֳ⣬ͬͣͬ˵ļ
ʮ֮ǰҲǽ٣ǵʮ֮ҪܻʱôҲ޷ɹÿܻһ˿ͻʧؼҵ೤ûҵԭ
ûһ޷ʶ쾳磬쾳硣
׵ӴҲת
׺ǰͽˣʼ䳰ȷһҲʼ෴ǣ׵Ķ֮ͻһһС磬Ѿǵ˺Žס׵ֵܣҲʮ
׵ĸױһһܴŮˣΪ׵ʧ裬󱻻
Ǻ׵ĸ͸׵׷⿴ء
һһؼұӵĻš
ֱǰļӵײҵ뿪ؼңɽ
мӵܶҪȥչɹģȻûģȥܱ֮ҡΪؼҲٶķκεΨһôǷܺΪؼҿ֦ɢҶ
˵˾ǻȥ
ǣ˵һǲǻˣĸҶΪ˱ңҧǶһڣڻ˵ţһȥһĿɬǿΪʲôΪʲôôŹֵʣ׶ȥˣ
ץԼͷ״񲡣
˼Ǻ
ԺȨȷ׵壬һǰ
ݣǵ۾ɵøͭƵģҲŵϴ


121 ͽָүү
ס
䣺24
츳S+
ϵͳ飺л֮壬һ幦ǳ֮ٱǧ
ѾĿɿڴˡ
S+ʲôļޣ޾Ǳ
ǴӵõϵͳûˣҲкüǧˣS츳Ҳֻ˪һS+һûС
һֱΪҪ꣬ǼʮʱһS+츳
ǽȻһ
ײˡ
S+츳ӵ츳ˣԺעҪΪһȴ˳֮ΪϲģʲôϲôϵͳڸһүүĻᰡĬĬ̾һھүүҲԸ⡣
׵Ļ֮壬ֻܺǺˡ
ϵͳ߹ǣһ츳ˣӵһЩʻ
֮ǰ˪
ȻS츳S+츳һȼȴҲӵ֮塣
Щʻźܴİ
˵츳ȼһ˭ӵеʻ˭츳˭ͻռݸơ
ûʻҲ˵ͲܳΪǿߣһ˵ʵɲֻ츳йϵ
뵽ЩϵͳҲҲS+츳ôôûиҰһرʻҵҪ󲻸ߵģһ壬ʥʲôģҾˡȻĻʲôռƶʱ侲ֹҲ԰
ϵͳǵĻһĴָ֪ˣܻѧԺʦһѧ߼ܣѾɱκεһ츳ˡȻҲ˵S+츳ΪS+츳ûκεԣҲֻһǾٶȸ죬ٶȸ졣
ϸһ룬ƺҲˡ
˪֮壬Թ죬ƿ
׵Ļ֮壬ʺ幦ӶޱȵǿԶͨˣսǷ
ǵS+츳ȴֻһǾٶȸ죬ٶҲ졣Ȼһȵ幦ףǿ϶ҪԶԶ˪֮塣
ЦЦپ⡣
ϵͳʱȻֵǻڰοǣʵܻ֪S+츳Ȼֻٶϣ㲻ԺƺţٶȻӡ
ŶҾ˵óƺŵʱѧǵٶȺԶӣҵҪǲ䣬ǻᱻЩѧ׷ˡ
ԺӵϵĵλȲ˵ٶȻġֿ죬ҪϵŬ߼ԺƺʱٶҲԶκˡ˵ҪЩ츳ֻҪԺȻԽԽ
ˣϲεװˡ
صʵǿ׵ĿޱȻ
һS+츳ѧǰ޲ȥڡ
ѧԺ̫Ҫһѧˡ
ǣôˣ׷ǵĹŹ֡
ǲ˲ˮȴεûʲôʲôʱؼң
ٵĻһµʱ䡣һߺ󣬺ͽˣׯ԰ҲתƵ¡ǧҩҲ͸ˣǴлԮ֮
ðɣǵ˵ͷܲǮãףô׾뿪ףʵ㲻һǷ˵һţֻһֱûб˷ֶѡ
ͱοˣ˶Ҽ壬ȷû츳׿Ц
Щ˲ӹˣܺȡǲˣףȻˣҾͺʵ˵˰ɣոѾһ㲢û츳ֻûҵԼԸڵɡѧԺҿΪߣѩޡ
ûƭңɫأȴǳ˻ɡ
Ѿ˵ǷϲˣﻹǸƭ㡣˵ʵô걻ܰɣҪϣСףҴϿˡǱ˼ҿδ˻飬ӵǰ۸һ飬õָһλүүİ£˳үүûˣһǿԵĽָġʮֻ˵š
ţһʱȻסˡ
֣ôˣ˵ˣ
ʱָǣЩŵô֪һ˻ˣ
Ƕʱס۾ֻһͷǺεȵҲݣϲ24KϲȻȫϡ׻ѵľһŰȱľͽָүүˡ


122 ϵͳĲ˵
Ǻ֮£һ׹δ޵顣
ЩϲС˵࣬Сʱܱ˿ã׵Ŀɲ١
һ׶Ĵ棬ϹҵС㡣
ϧʵ˷ϲ֮ϹҵСȴһ˲ţҼĸ߰ѣ˻飬νǰؼҵˡҲΪ飬ؼҵĵλǰһ޲ðĵǽϡ
εЦЦʮ֮˾ţϲϮգǰĿѣֻɵĸߡʮӶʮĪԺϹҵСڵġ
׻Щš
Ǿûˣڼһݡ
ֻҪչֳѧԺױؼҶǲܡ
һĮļ壬Ҳܹˡ
Ҳò¡
ײͬѧ̫ӵıѧԺĸܱΪѧԺȫ¶˳Ǿ͵òʧˡʱȺ֮ǶѧԺ治ˣȻᱻץȥо
ϵͳԺѧԺѧԽԽ࣬ѧԺܿɾԽԽѱסˡ
ʵֻҪѧԺѧ;Բй¶ѧԺ飬ѧԺ顣ϵͳǳһ£ѧԺһܣһ˵ܡֻҪѧЩѧΪԽǿѧԺϵԽУҲԽܱѡ
֣˵ܣѧԺҲѧֽŰɣ
ûֽţֻΪѧԺѧĻѡΪѧǩ¼ȡ֪ͨô򵥰ɣҪĻαǩ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ֻҪͷ֪ͨһԼ¼ȡ֪ͨ鲻ͺˡϵͳҲģǲΣѧʱ򣬵ҲѧΣѧԺ飬˶ѡ
ֲãҾ˵¼ȡ֪ͨЩ֡ૡ
ԣһоҪƾѧԸֻԸǩ֣ԼЧϵͳõ٣Ҫ٣ɶڱ߲ǸϾɱôѧԺѾʴˣÿһѧѾĿݡǩǷ¼ȡ֪ͨ鿪ʼҲѧԺһӡ
̫ˣǿЦ
ʵҲ⣬ϸ룬òԺƺŵʱѧԺѧƾʲôٶȺԣΪӡ˵ѧԺԽǿѧͻԽҲһѧԽгϢѧԺҲԽǿѧԺҲԽϵͳ
ôƺǶˡǵ˵ͷ˼ǣԺѧʱֻҪѧԸǾͿˡĸöǣһ˳Ȼͺá
عǿס
ǣҳΪߣ׵
Ȼǿԡ˵꣬һ
ΪڵѧԺ棬ûʲôרŵ幦
ϵͳÿһSS+ѧͿԻһŵǰٻߵȼ￨ƣٻﻹܳΪеSS+ѧרҵָʦС
ָʦ϶ָ
ϵͳһװһʵָʦȫûбҪġ˵ţóһ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ʵڵĵطѧԺһѧԺֻҪԸΪѧԺѧȻ֮·
⡭һ˿¼ȡ֪ͨ飬Щ졣
㿼һ£ϾǿЦģһǩ£Ժһ˸ı䡣ǵ˵š
ÿˣҾһ㻹ûǸƭҡķҲûκεļֵ뺦ңҵߡ˵꣬ɿдԼ֡
ϸд֣͸ֽ
뵽ڵ飬һ˿ܣԸȥ
ǩԼ֮¼ȡ֪ͨ鷢һҫ۵Ĺâһֱ׵Ժͬʱһ仰쳹׵ԺϲΪѧԺѧ뾡ǰѧԺ
ͬʱҲյϵͳʾѧ¼ȡ֪ͨͶݳɹ뾡Ϊѧ
׾ȵĿǣô¡
ЦЦҪֻ֣ѧԺһЩСֶζѡ
׵˵ͷ
һҾʹȥѧԺ֮ǰǻȰǰꡣȣǧҩȻѾתøңԺѧԺĲҵȻ󣬽ɱ־һҪıڰ͹ܺáоǣׯ԰ɣҲҪԺǧҩĹ棬Ҫİ
֪ˡ
ǹ飬һ֮Ҫؼ壬֮ǰСţѾһ￨ƣֻǿſƵʱŵĸо׵רҵָʦô


123 幦
ֻǰ滭һۡ߼ݵӡ
ӵһ㣬΢ݣһֻһ㣬֡
ڿƵıдţ
ַ
ԣ¡
ʵԪ
ӵѧִת
ӵмܣļĶ
ϵͳ飺Ϊγ̽ʦģѡ޿Σʦ𷨣ѡ޿Σʦ
ϸѽַĽܿһ飬ȻĶס
С˵Уڵϻ񹦣Ϊʮ㡣
⹦ǿ׾ÿһ㣬һһľʮֲֿ
Ϊ񹦵ߣַǸѧţǱ޿ѧ٣հʮ㣬ӵʮʮ֮
ɼʹֻǵʮҺˮƮǧ಻а
ھУַԴ˹ܲͨĿȭƴ֮֮һһƴʦһָң˹ɼһߡ
࿴µˣ书Ż롣
Ҫ֪һΪʮ㣬ֻʮѾʮָ˵áַʮ㣬ǲܵ
ϧС˵֮޽ġ
ⲢҶо˵硡
һ˵ǣڹķһϵ
ΪʲôҪô˵
һûһѧΪǿȵģ֮еġ
ڶеѧѧϰʽʲôĻͬǽַԼļӣ书ʽͬ˾ԴƲΪǴ͹ûʲô̶ʽ֮˵ԲŻԵô
һҲ˼ϵͳҴַ
湦ǰȻѡġ
ϵͳĴٶȺܿ죬ԺѾ˹ݡ
ϸһ𾪣ȻͲ²һǴǿȵĹ
еԭΪ𾪡
һڹﴢȴȫǿϸͽǣʹ˵ԽԽǿҪʱֻҪһͻԴԴϵϸ֮ӿνޱȡ
ŹȻʺסૣӵл֮壬ٸԴ˹Ǽֱ赺ϣ绢
׺ܿͰ鴦ˡ
룬ʹȥѧԺ
һλµѧԲԲֿʼæ
ѧԺƶԽԽƣҪĶҲˡ
ԲԲæʱǰѽַٻ˳
ԪĽַΪˮ޼ַҲչʾһʵţƵһͿ
ٻĽַûģִת޷չʾˡ
ǾִתǺģֱԽͭǦֽӣЯſֲ󣬺ʺ͵ѧѧϰ
Ժ׵רҵָʦרָǵ
ǣԺַ˵ͷףǿһ񣬡ʣܰ߾硣
϶ġҲǶ׳ģϾS+츳ɲǿЦģףڹķҲȴʺĹһ֮ڣܰڶ㣬ʵصҲûκˡ
Ժ֪ˡ׵˵ͷ
Ȼú̵ܶʱͨʣʱͿԵЦһ˵㶼ܰ㣬Ӷӵļ弶ʵҪͻƣǾˣŹȻǵ˺棬ҲԽԽ
ԺģһŬġ
ھͿʼָɣ

뿪ѧԺҪֳ۾
֮ǰƷǰֳһ£ȻѴѧԺҩﰾˮëȷ
ֻһ򵥵ƣȻķ˿ʱ䡣
ϣǿʼ
оͻƵˡ
ʱ򣬾;Ҳʼжˡ
ĿǸܣƵĿǸֵ´Ρ
ιôһˮţﺰ
ˮЩ֣ϵĲʲôˮв
ܿţֻһȭϮͻ˹ȥ
Ȼͷİ˿ڼϣѸʧҹɫ֮С
⶯һǳɣʵǵһθ顣
ͬһʱ̵ľƣڴһֵ·
Ϊʲô˵֣
Ϊ·ϵֻһɫǾǺɫ
ֻﻹţ棬涼ݵġ̫ˡ


124 ܵĵһ
ƴҹ֮ŵ档
Ѿˣλֵ´κͻ̾סһСĺܽ
ܺģȻ·ƣյ·Ƽľʵ̫Զ
С棬·Ƶʵڲôȫͨļð׳ƣ·ʲôˡ
һֱǽֵ´ε¥£ͣ
λֵ´εļ¥ȥͦߡ
ھҲͨˣȻûһЩķ֪ġ
ֻһԾһץסˣȻһȻѾץס˶¥˼ҵˮܡ
ˮһ·ֻʮ͵¥
ץˡ
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ưԵ⣺ٺ٣֪Ǳɹô϶벻ĺð취
̨ȥɵˡ
ֻ棬һһŮڼǡ
еѵֻһǿˣŮҲȫ㡣
ǸΣֻСƬϿⳡۼֻ𱬵ĳ档
ȿȣܲͣһ£ʮֲ˼˵š
˭е˵ήˡ
Ƶʱ׵ˡ
һҹµļһͻȻܵļԽˣǰļһܴƬ
Ůһ£ؾǼåС͵챨
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֪ٵˣѸٵĳȥ
Ů˰ӾҪǵһȭȥֱӾͰӺ˼롣
һֵȥŮ˹ȥ
ʣµλֵ´γɵۣƵĶֱƬ֮еЩһ
뺰ˡ
ǾһǰһץסĲӣ޴ֺ
˸Уʮֵֽ꣬´Ρ˵ţóһƬȵʱС˺ģؾֳָıֳ̺ҵķӣﲻˡִȥִд
Ȼ˵ĺǲײ࣬ɱмֵġ
ֳ棬ǿִΪʲôΪ֯Żˡ

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֮ȴǸ˷ܣߣûõģ߰ɣ
˵ţҲѸ˹ȥ
һסҸҪųȥ
ȵȣ飬ûŵġ
ţٴο̨ţǾԭ·ء
һֳڼϣȻһӣ̨ȥץ

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澭֮һάҲܲסķֱӾǱƿˡ
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һЩ˷ܣѾˣҪǿԺȨȵһ޵Чܺͽַսһսˡ
ʱֻȻ
ǾģԺѾˣҪ˽ô
ͦô˻ʱ㿴šȸѵ֪£ԺҲҸ顣
Ժˡ
ϴһ˯ʱ򣬾Ҳ绰ˡ
ԺԺץˡԵЩ˷ܺͼ
ţȰѶһͷȻڽɽĵطҡǻظ
Ŷԡ˵ţԺ֮Ѷ취

ڶ죬ɽĵط
ǿڴ˵Ⱥľ;ơ
Աߣ»ˣֻѾ׻˹ȥ
Ժ
Ժ
ǿˣЩȻ
ǰˣƴҹ棬Ǵߡ
ҽһôġѯʵ
еһԼԼҵȻﹺҹ£ôǱ󱻷ֵʱôƷģʱľϸڶǽ˳
ϸ˵ʮӣѾĿɿڴ
Ժɣ˷ܵ
̫ˣĶܷˡľƵļ򣬡ˣŮ˵ÿô
ÿʲôŮһûСƬĺÿѿھǵ
ƣȥҲ̲סһžǰѾƸŵˡ
㣬㡣˵֮󣬰ղѣȻԱ߻ԼĽء
̲סݸ
ԾƵĴ˴ǵƣôĹ򣬾ΪץһͨˡѵûʵֻҪ绰ܰƭô
绰
ǰ绰һﲻǽֵ´ôֻҪ绰˵Լ·ڼһǧǮ϶ʹӼƨƨߵܳˣʱһͷֱӿ߲ͺˡ
ôͷתЦû£ȻŪĸһЩͦɹġ
ǺǺǣȫԶԡ


125 صĴ󹤳
˼ȻץˣѶˡ
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ƣȥǣ
ţ
ȥ˵ϵ˼£˾˹
ֻһѹܺ͸Ƿ˹ǺһĲҽС

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˺
һѱһģǶһ
񶼲Ѷˡţϸһˡ
ܡ
һȫ·õģͷǼһһȦϺͽ϶бպۡ
ؼϻбӳĺۼ
ǲԾĿ˿飬ܺǲǺһSM
ȻǸ
һ°ŴϰպڵӡӣǱʲô̵ģеǵ̡ĻǸĲϱһӣôӶ˩õġ
Ѿܺ͸ʲô
飬˵˰ɣǵ˵ţɵȫȻд飬Ҿͷǻȥ
飿ɵˣܵЩܡ
֮᲻ȥΰҲǲԸˡ
ǺǣЦˣڣǻּۻۣǲ֪ôд
Ժϴ󣬽ˣǿ϶ƵǺ˷ܾǶǴ󺹣ߣ̹״ӿܴϡǲԸйҿǻмʮ̷ء
ʮ̷ɫ԰ףУд顣
أƮƮһŲܵϣҲκεķ֮ġ
ҲдҲСܻæǵ
ͺˡ
ˣһдһһ¼⣬ȥ֮ȥȻ黹ꡣ
ţס
û⣬ҪǲȥץһΡвܸһһҹĥʵǿɲеڶΡ

صѧԺ֮
ǷѧԺʦǰԺ졣
չȥһ־Ȼǻڹ滮ʲô̡
æʲôأǺʵ
ԺģҾѧԺĸȻףͲ̫ˣ׵ĿƼǺġǵԺ磬еܰǹ˽硣ʱЩʦҲ̫ˣм̨ԹǽƺѧϰӦúܲؽ͵
ôǳ˼
֪ЩѧԺʦʼį治ѡ
ڲȥ£˽磬Ҳֻ취ˡһһû˵ǾѧԺʦϾִˣЩѧһĤǿִ鼮СǸ㼸̨ԣߣǻ˽Щѧ
ûôǣʹӦ
ƽʱЩʦƽСϷʲôҲϰΪ
ôߡ
ذΧɽǱҸˡ
ðɣȻЩԶӦûġε˪ѧԺʱǺ˵ͺˡ
ллԺλʦͬʱ

ʱ
̵ļſڣ˲ϵؿͷϴϸܺ͸
һﱻŻȥ֮ңҪǾǾ;ƸǾܶԸġ
ȫŻˣǿ־һĻĻͷ
Ըѷӻǣ̻Щš
ڣǴˣǲˡǺͬǩ֡Ҫǲܰѷӻȥסˡ޳ˡ
̣ҲǶ˼һΰɣҲǸŵ
ϡͿģֳ̺Ҫ˷ӺͺͲǨ
ǵ񵽴Ҳˣľκֳ۾ˡ


Ħҵǡ
ԺҪļ򻯰׽ƪĦǵ
ˣ򻯰׽ƪ벻ѡǴһ򻯰׽ƪȻΪ֣ÿһֵעⶼϸ
дġ
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ڶ֣һٽ
֣ӳٽѾԳΪȭˡ
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Ҷǵ˵ͷ
Ħ֮ǰݡ
ڼ֮ǰ͸˴ݱҵѧԱ
ǵϳϲɫѧԺһδģҪʼˡ


126 ЩҲô
ɽеݡ
ƣΪɶƣʵȫһɵġ
ϴݣһ޴ĴѾΪˡ
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˲֪ڼΰοԼˣȥӲˡ
ڵݣΪڼ䣬ѧ治١
ÿһ춼Ҫʮѧ
ѧ࣬ҲǺܿɹ۵ġ
һġ
¹ǲǰǸˣҶ֪йˡ
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ϢһӵȻ뵽ʲô˵¹ŪһѧԺѧԱѧһѧ˵¹ǲǳԱ˳ŵģǶˣʲôѧѧģʵǺŪ˵ġ
⻰Ҳ˵ԱһȻǶ֪ô£ҪǱЩѧԱ֪ˣԺ˭ݡҲЩֻҪЩѧԱܲɳȻһʽÿùʾͺˡ
˵öԡĵݲôָΪĸ֣ǸҲֵ̫Ǯˡ˵¹Ĳ񻰣ʵԶԶͨˣϹôȻķС
ߣԼôѧɲתġ
⵹Ҳǡ
˵ţѾ߽ݡ
ۼĽģװģĿʼָѧ
ùǣԺݵĽˣʵĽҪ¸ڡ
ллذˣǣᶼˣҪٲҶΪݸء
ǺǣǸΣ֮ǰǺ˵Ҳµô֮Ժֻĸ١Ҹ㵽һҲĹ˾Ӧһļҹ˾ǮӦþܿ׳ˡ
˵Ĺ˾Ȼǧҩˡ
ҹ˾ʱ˪ӹܣһаž֮󣬾Ϳƹţзҩˡ
ģǲϾֹܿˣ֮쳣ļ
ţӦò˶ãһҲ̫ܿࡣǳ˼һ£ҪѧԺޣҪѧԺȫ˵ҲҪѧԺнǧְʱУѧԺʲҪﵽǧϲʵˣϻˣҵʱȰݵĽҺ
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Էͻͷǿ׳죬ĲС
ֻǽŵ֮ǰʲôϵﶼáҵģҲڸǷʣǱ밴ҵҪֻдﵽҵҪǲݼȥﲻĻùľ͸Ͻ
˵ʱǵ˳һڽ﷢
ǾҪɱɱЩİڿĿĴﵽǼܴﵽҵҪǹʴʲôĿ϶ԽԽߡԺ뿪̶⡣

˵úãһﵽҪ󡣡
̣ô
ӣΪƤġ

Щ˵ţҲ˶
Ǹоˣˣ˵ЩûõˣҪ̸һѧѧԺݲ⴫ؼеĽѧѧȻĻӡӺͶ̶ûС
ҿȻŪһѧޱȡ
һѧǿһ˲顣ЩվǺ֮ˣѧﲻʶһ¡
Էͻ֪Ǹ˿̸ӵĺ档
Ҳ£ʼһһʽ򻯰׽ƪĵһ֡
汾׽ƪȣ򻯰汾׽ƪֻǵһ־аʮһڶֺ͵ֵĶǳһ١
ٲȻǰ׽ƪչ˼
Щ̵ģҲô
ʲôѧȫһ׹㲥٣ǲӻˣ
ʲô⣬㴴һѧѧҪ֪ǽͳͳܹˡ
ΧģȻûлͷҲ֪Լˡ
Щ֪ʲôף޵


127 Ǹ
ʮһ꣬ǻɡ
ϾĶƪ򻯹׽ƪȻ˼ѶȴͬС˼
ˣԺĽѧγˡݵѧԱҪѧнȽϿģлõҵָЦЦ˵ʲôָһѧԱ츳ҵĽڶѡ
ȷûпЦһƢĽǿƲסˣ̣ĶүүڳҪѧܱЦ
򵥣¶һЦЦϤǵ˶֪Ҫˡ
򵥣̫ˣʮһһһѶȡ˵žȻһ棬Ȼһ棬һ˹ת
ˣͦҪΪ򵥣ǿɾʹˡǵ˵ţٰѰʮһһ飬ѧϰܸʮ²ϰ࣬ҹʷô
ģʱ۾һ
ֻǸһô򵥵Ķһ²ϰ࣬һ˫ʣڷ
Ѿȥˡ
ɳ̲Ȼᡭ
Ҳޱȡ
ڱĸһ﷢
ô򵥵ضСܸѧᣬ治֪ôģ
УһһռıˣǿҺƫģһͬȶԴ

һȺĺϵЦԽԽŨãȻǶԸ⣬Ǿһ˭ʮϣ²ϰҹʷҪĻָô˵
䣬Ǻ
ĻǲҪʣ°׸ɡ
ô򵥵ضĻǷ̷ַԾ
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ǿһȺʮ㣬֪һ˼ҾҪˡ
Ȼˣǿʼˣ
˵ţʼ
ǵһܼ򵥣еĽܸŰڳ
ŵڶһֱ˵ʮûʲôѶȡ
˰Ǯ
̫ˣһ㡣
˫ںʽ

ת۵˵ʮ
һһϾȻһЩˮô£ҵĽЩˣûˤ
һЦΪ⡣
ǵ˵ʮ˸ʱһ˵ϡ
һ̣˶סˡ
զ£ô˵ϣ
ҿǮ㶼Ҫɵ㣡
϶˶̫ˣԽЩȡ

λʱβѣҲֻΪԼԭһʱ˵
ǻͷƳһȴ¶һصЦݡ
һΪʲôЦôаѵҸ˵ԭѧʲôܣ
ž޴ĺ棬
ڶʮʱһȻʧȥƽ⣬˼Ȧ֮󣬵˵ϡ
ͬλŴȾǰۣۣô£ô£ѧ
˵ĹǺʵͷԡ
ϷİɣͶ롣
֪ˣ϶ͽùһ̫ˡ
డ˼ֲȷʵÿˡ

λڽ䳰ȷŭһȺҶˣǻֻǷˣЩ£Բô򵥣ǺΪ֮һڵϵʱ򣬱ûǡ
ֻһڽѹŰ
˵ڶʮλ˵ϡ
λ鴤Ť˵һ䡣
һڽһĻɫڱˡ
һ⣬⣬;Բˡ
СģЩ̫ˡ
ǰҲˣڵ˴롣
ҸоϵĽһźȻˡ

ڶʮ߸˵ϡ
ʮĸ˵ϡ
ʮ˵ϡ
ʮʱ򣬵ѾһƬǲҽʵëȻ
ǿ˿ʣµĽʮ֮ѶȻȷϻҪô
ʣļѾɫ԰ףﻹҼ
ǲһЦ֪
ȻǼ򻯰Ķƪûҩ︨츳ֲõĻȻޱȡ
ǷˡһʹһЩĽ̾
ǰ̫ˡôѧ򵥡иԼܱȫǱͷԣһµĹʶĲ
Էͻ˲ûвУǱֻǾò˼ռݵıˡ
ڣȴǰýҡ
߬ҪǵѧԱ鲻Խ³һ仰һӣ˭˭


128 ش
Ǻһڽı֣һѧԵȫ磬ѧԱȣǶҲǴ档Բ˵Ƕ֪һѧҪ˰ɣ
һȺ˵ͷһ׶Ǽֵǡ
ǵԺһѧǱר׶ѧԱǩЭС
ԼŰžС

ѧԺһϢ档
õ˳ѧԱһһʮˣѾʮ꣬Сֻʮꡣ
ôˣ϶ȫսѧԺһ򵥵츳ԲС
ԺЩѧԱ棬޵ˡָָҶģʵ˵áݵʱʲôѧһѧͻᣬս·ϹѾݱҵ˿꣬Ҳöʮˡ
šǵ˵ͷҶƬܸоԷеš
ȻѧԱˣǷֱۺͰСɣ۶ùһɽĹھСһ̥˭ץסϹ˵ãָͷܼеסôľ塣
Ŷ˼
ѾϵһˣǾȻϵϡ
ϵϣһҪ˵ʲôȻԺ֮ϵͳʾ
֧һΰѧԺôûѧȥɣҪʮ֮ڴݱҵѧԱ棬ղʮѧѧ츳ĲõCһA츳ѧָǼ￨һţشBԼBϵѧˡ
ǿ񣬵;ˡ
شȻˡ
ٿݣֱǷһ
ݱҵѧԱȻһʮˣC츳Ŀ϶Ҫʮϵͳֻʮʱ䡣
ô̵ʱ棬ĺѡ
ؼϵͳҪһA츳ѧ
ܲɵǣЩݵıҵ棬һA츳ĶûУζˡ
Բ鷢
ΪϵͳشҲҪƴ˲С
˵ĵַôޱ֪ҪľһA츳ѧһ˵˾ޱȵĹؼˡ
͸Ժ׼ˡֱӵݹһݴӡĵַϵʽ
ãǼ򵥵ɨһۣȻˣȥ˽һ£ѧԱ취Լ֮һһļǣصģֻҪԸԱѣܳԹס
ףģֻҪϵϵģһֻΪҪһЩԤ׳أرĻ
ֻǳ֪ǴͷβֻΪѧԺ
ȥָɾʮ

š
ǿһҶ˵סַʱˡ
ԭ˱ҵ֮󣬾Ȼûһɽеġ
ǴȴҶʼ
ݳĵַҶϺУϺоɽв̫Զ
绰˵һҲ˪˵һ£뿪ɽС
СʱϺС
ʱѾ⾰
νϺУʵʡ֮أҵĺܡ
ǵϺ֮󣬰յַҵҶļҡ
ǿŵһȳȵϴү˾ȻҶүү
ҶϼҾϺеģ֮ǰӦɽѧԲȥݡ
ǣҶ
ҽǣҶѣ·ϺУЦЦ
ԭСѣ쵽ҶԵú顣
ϴүҶڼôǼæʵѧģпսȥϴүྡ
С⼸춼ڼҡҶҡͷ
ŶôҵҶʵѵϺһΣүһҪæ
ô룬ϡǵСÿ춼Ҫȥʲôã˵ԼϰࡣҶ˼һ£Ҫȥʣ˵ҵС
ðɣǸҶôЩ֣ҶүүȻ֪Ҷģ̫˼ˣҶʲô
뿪֮Ҽһ½
Ǳȴǣǽøûʲôˣûʲô˾Ǽһд¥
õʱ򣬷ΧΧģȷûʲôˡ
һΧȱڣ˽ȥ
ֻǸյ棬Ա߾һŵӣ˭ʲô
һŵҶ
⻰˲ʲôߺȣǺҶİɣ


129 Ҷô
һͻҶʲô
˵⻰϶ʶҶģʣµľͺðˡ
ǵ˵ͷһݵǰҾҶģ֪λܲң
ӹһЦգôգǺҶȱˡҪ͸ӰɼܣֻҪ㵽ʱϣϾܳΪǺҶĺĳԱ
סˡ
˵ϺңҲǼʶˡ
Ӵǵ˽棬澹Ȼʮˡ
᳤ᡣ
Ŷĥŵһ̧ͷһ˲䣬ǾȷݣҪǺҶôҲͶʮңɲǿЦġ
Ǿ˼ǣžҶᡣλҵģչˡҲݼɣһ仰˵ʮ㣬˾Ӧһӡ
ȻˣһȥֻҪ㲻£Ҿ㡣ҶץһѴ󿳵ֱӶǣҪǲңǺҶҲʲôܽġ
ãǼ󿳵úȤ
ʱعȥ
ʱ򣬺ҶһȺֵܿʼ˺зȻÿ˻һ׳
Ҳģѧš
ڼ䣬Ҳ˽Ҷô¡
ԭҶҶᣬȻΪ˶ԿϺеᡣ
ݼҶԱ˵ϺеᣬձѣŷƷĹܹܡ
ټͥȺñҶĸĸΪĺˮԱƻ󣬴˷Ĳ·˽ȥĳԱҲࡣҶҪԸĸӰǺˮĸᣬǷһ飬ӰǺˮĵð֡
һǾȥ˸Ӱ
ǣ
Ҷᣬֵͬģ屡졣

ҹɫɣƺƵģʮҶĳԱˡ
ǸҶ棬᳤˵Ӱʮˣôô
Ҷ˿ǣģһǿҲжʮˣǵİܺʱһܰѸӰ仨ˮ
ǵ˵ͷȻװˤԺȨȲҶ塣
һݳǰ
Ҷ
䣺23
츳B
ϵͳ飺Դѧͨ츳δѣ¼
΢΢һ
ѧͨһһܿٵѧѧһѧ
Ǿ߱Բôѧ
û뵽ҶȻҲǱʣûô£ѵûʽԭô
ҶûA츳Щʧ

ܿ죬Ҷ˾͵Լĵطڶʮӵȴš
һǸӰİſ񸫡
ǾȻһװ˼Ÿӣжôķɧ
ߣǸӰϺгҲΪϺгһҶߵ
ôЦѣΪһԸǸӰһ᲻֪ǿЦԿΧӰӡֻǸʮǮȺ̰ļһͰˡ
Ҷɫ΢䡣
ҶһڳԱҲס
ĳԱȻˣǣⲻǰô
Ҷ֪ܴ򣬿ϧһУ㻹̫ˡֻҪͷϴȻӦҵСܣҿԿǷǺҶԱһ·Ϊʤȯա
ߣһϴȥԵġҶԸң˾һֵ˭ҪˣߣҲµģһӰ
ǣ
᳤Ǹ㣡
ڤ粻飬Ұк˵ţͷǳȥ
ɱҶŵη壬ĺҶԱ߸ֺηɣ
ҶĿš
ӰĳԱֱۣ˵ϡ
Сӣݣ˵ţһͷȥҶõסҲˤڵϣߣҲҶ
ɱҶһվȥֻʩչŲ֪ǲԴʽʮ־Ȼһʱ򣬿˿񸫵һָ
񸫲ҽŭޱȣֵǣȸɵҶ
ֺڰƴûеɽ
ʮӰĳԱΧ֮£Ҷ߸ˣȻЩкסˡ
飡
һҶĶϣֱӾǰҶ߷˳ȥ
Ȼ
ʮӰԱһϣǰסҶ
񸫿Ҷ£ŭ֣һ˾ͷʮֵܣ˵ʲôҲˡ
ޣҶſһĭбµүү֮ھܿĹͷ
ʲôˣҪб£һ˴˰˵ˣ̫ץסҶͷЦѣΪԼǴôʵһɵơ
ߣҶĬ
ŪиӰĳԱҪ֡
ҵһ¡һǣôпĺڰﶷŹֻ˵ûԿڿҲˣҲðˡ
ǺҶģôڻúõģ
ɵƣ
Ҫʲô£ھȻܣ
һĳҶȥϴ޵Ц⣺Ҷô


130 Ͷݳɹ
ҶǣҲ֪ǵġ
ϾҶľһˣĻǲǵġ
ǺҶҪ͸ӰѪƴʵ̫ȱˣݶûкʵ£ǡ
Īһ仰ʱЦԭǸ񾭲˵ô¼ǺҶᡣ
Ҫ֪Ҷ뷨ƶܵͷߡ
ǵΪȷ񾭲
Ѿ˱Ҷָ
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һȺӰĳԱ⻰ȻЦ
ЦЦһ
찡һ϶Ƿˡ
ΪԼڿ㷴ĳˣΪԼָ֣
ոôҶȻûаУֻ˵ˣڿȥʰ
һӰСŸӾǣɲĻᡣ
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ħа찡ⲻѧ

Ҳɵˣκ˸𾪣һӵж󣬾Բָܽġ
ƫƫô˼ͷˡ
ޱСӣ㵽ʲôˣ
Ц㺦ô
һӵʲôе㱾£ôˣѵ㣿
ҡͷЩ֮ܣҶʵ᲻Ȥ
˵š
һŰλøӵСܸ߷˳ȥҶҸո˵Ļ㶼˰ɣ벻
ٴҶһ˿ϣ
Ҳֻһ˿ѡ
룡ҶҧܻţҲ
ܺãҿԾ㣬Ӧһ飬Σ׷ʡ
û⣡Ҷѿھǵʱ˵һ飬ʮ˼ҲԥӦ
ʱģ֪ҶˣȻӦˣȻᷴڡ
ǰĸӰԱóҶĿ
ӰһѾˡ
ٴγֵʱȻѾҶߡ
һֵǣҶ𾪵ľͷ㶵شǶ
Ǽæ۾ȷǰһĻǻʱ̲סǵһ
һûġ
һĿնֻһĵ˸˾졣
һ̡
ץסҶļˣ͸оۡ
ϸȥʱ򣬷󴦾ȻһӣѪҪǮš
ۣôô죡
ʲôǵֶôѪǾȻڲŸоۡ
̫аţǿߣ

ҧҧҲǻ֣̿Сӣãÿ
˵ţ񸫾Ҫ뿪
ʱȻˣһ͵˿Աߣһӵ񸫵һֱ۾Ǹ
㡭񸫿ǣѡ
㵱ʲôȵʱͲϼţȵʱ򣬾Ϳ뿪ôһֱǶĳͷ´ΣҪߵô뱨ңϧ̫ˣʮ˼һǰȻϡ
Ҷһţо⻰̫Ϥˡ
ոտ˵ʱҲ˵̫ôǶûô֣Ѿÿ˵
ǵ׸жǿ
Ҷһζһ˺ͬʱҲЩĽ
ǵʵʲôӰʲôϺеһ
񸫸ǵƣҲղŵĵҴˣҲˡ
һ
⻰ɴ⣬˾ѸܵûӰˡ
Ҷվ˲ǵѪлл㣬ҴӦʲô飬Ҫģƴǡ
ϲˬˡ
ó¼ȡ֪ͨ飺һѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ҪѧԺΪѧԺѧ
ҶһѧԺôûѧԺ
ⲻһͨѧԺһѧԺ˵ţһ֣Ŀ˳ȥʮһնϣҶһ𾪣츳ԣѧԺԺǰ;ѧɹɨϺж⡣
ģҶˡ
Ȼģǩ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ȥɽеɽ˵ţʩչ貨΢ת۲ټ
ʲôˣҶȻԥ¼ȡ֪ͨǩ֡
û߶Զյ¼ȡ֪ͨͶݳɹ֪ͨ
㶨ҶҪȥ㶨ۡ
Ŀǰְҵ̲סǲ˲һﻹǹƴģϣA츳ɣ


131 һAһB
ڶУһñȽϷĳС
۵ְҵְҵȭ֡
ڳǵϢ棬һעǾۻ͵͵ȭ
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һҹĳڶ糿͵˶С
峿ĶУϢ
ǰյַҵ۵ļңȴ֪ڰǰͰѷӸˣ˵ס˴
ձ˸ĵַҵסν
ȷʵڶĵط˵ҲҪǧɣֹһ˵۴ȭУһְҵȭֿôǮ
ǰһ±壬澲ĵģûˡ
Ҫȥȴǿһ˶
ô
ȻûӦѾԿ϶Ǵ͵
ۿ϶ܡ
ǲԶ󿪣ÿ϶ۼˡ
뵽ֱš˱
ƿĴţȥֱС̳ĻݡڣЩݺǷïе
ۻͦô
˵ţѾߵ˱ţС͵ţѾˣˡ
ź棬һʮҵСŮŻˡ
ǿԷûзӦֱƿ˱š
ֻһСŮ黨ȹӣģ۽ǻˮɵĺۼ
СŮȻһˮ
СŮޱȼᶨһֿµ
ǾˣСŮô£
ҸʲôСŮˮֱǡ
ףԭСŮȻ۵á
۵˷ˣŶϧ˵Ӧ۳ʲô顣
ɽеѣһЦЦô粻ڼô
ҸѣСȰŰɣԵЩɰ
ʱһЩСȣɣ
ǳ濴ȥ־ȻһŹȵӣӵɫ԰ףϺϻŰ
С⻰Ȼÿ·Ȼڷǡ
ߵڣǿӣӦþ۰ɣ
۵˵ͷΪģû뵽ϰ˾飬ҸոˣûüֵҪѱջȥ
ǿ۵ƣ˵Ѿô¡
۴ȭӦġ
ȭˣϰѾͷ˲࣬ⶰֵǧôܸһˡ
ԭ㲻ҸѣƭңСȵǷŭˣŵӾͳͱȥ
СѾͷƭӣͲܵҰѻ˵ꡣ˵ţƮƮץס˵ӣҺȻʲôѣҲʲôˡ
ҲŲţСƴקӣȴקֺ
ԭҲǸӡ۾һ֪ʲôˣʲô飿
˭֮ǰһҪ顣˵ţһְֻס۵ļϡ
۱ܵЩܣôѵġ
ɫ԰ף𾪡
ְҵȭֶ޷һ
һѾǰ
ۡ
츳B
䣺24
ϵͳ飺ȭŷ츳Աȭ¼ȡ
B츳
ǲ̾һȱһA츳ѧB츳ٶ࣬Ҳá
СȿǰļΪҪ粻һھͳǵֱҧȥ
ǸоֱһۣæǵСѾͷƬӣɿ
СȾǲɿ
ΣСȵĲһ㡣
СȲԾģſˡ
ʱûмȥԼֱ۱ҧʲôӣǱǰһϢˡ
Сȡ
䣺13
츳A
ϵͳ飺е츳Ա¼ȡ
ҲСѾͷȻA츳ʲôЦԼ̫аˣϴγ⾰;ƽܵʱ򣬡ѵõ츳ѳ֣
ϸһ룬Ǿ֪˲ô¡
ϵͳʱҲǣν츳ʵ̶ܴϺĻйأֽܺùϵѧһ츳ãһԲ̫
ֻǡ
A츳ѧˣǱķ֣СȸݵѧԱ
ϵͳҪֻѧԱA츳
Ͳˡ̾˿滹ѧԱA츳ѧĸʻǺܴġ
˼ת˿Լֱۡ
ò˵СͲǹݵģֱһӡ
ȻȷۺСȵ츳ҪսѧԺˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱȻм˴˽Ϊ׵һӣһɷ


132 ߣ
ǳ濴ȥ
΢΢һۣ鷳ˡ
۵˵ͷϰģұϰˣⷿӦ÷ָˡϰǰ˹ˣ˵ҸϽߣˣӦϰǩȭ֡
˵䣬ǸѾߵڡ
һ׾Ÿߣȫļ𣬸첲Ϻͱ϶ԵúǺˡ
ۿһӣһĿɬȻ㣬
һԭﻹڣⶰϰ彻ңֻҪҴʮȫӵⶰ㣬ڶʮʱ򣬱˸˵Ϊ˷ˣΪϧʮʤĿʨԭҲôһ
۽ȭͷо˱ĳ
ô
ǰʤٶ࣬һսܣ屻ϣͳһͿء
ҽҪסⶰϽ߰ɣţָżµǼȥʨʰһ¶Щʲôģӳȥ
磡Сȿ˽ǲ
СȣǡסãҼˣȻϰǩЭ飬ûдﵽҪ󣬵ȷûʸסȥѾϰˣѹϰĳӶϰôҲܸ̰īˡϵһϰ塣
ʲôֲ㻹סڱ治뿪ԭǵȴϰʣµĳӶ㡣˵ΪĲҰܣϰһڣǵӶϰ嶼ͷ
Цϰ¶ǮǺ޹أ٣Լ顣ҵӶģϰҡϰѾҵĵ绰ˣ֪϶ϵת̰īҵǮҲʹ˵ġ
⻰ЦѣΪԼʲôϰ۾棬Ҳһ׬ǮĹߣϰǮϰҪǮŲϰ嶼Ū㡣֪ģϰͣһʧ̫򵥲ˡ
ȴǺη壺ϰҪŪңˣֻҪҵĻתС
ȻҾͰæϣܼ̫
óֻͨϰĺ롣
ǱߴһڸҴ绰ʲôӵĺ¡
ϰԱϡŮ
ϰ壬ǲ˼ˡģȥˣֿʨڣҪʣµĳӶ𡣡
ϰ⻰ףø֪Ķ˼ڣҪʣµӶ𡣱ôӳȥ
һ֪ˣϰ壡
ۿ˵绰ɫȻЩͲµǳ顣
ۣϰ岻㣬ϰ˵ˣҰӳȥ
˵ţͳȥ
˪ҧÿ죺úݵϰ壬Ĳһ·ˡ
ǰôĿʨȻҲ䵽³ǿ˵ţ޴ƾͳץȥǰһĶ֣Ĺͷ˼飬һͨ˶磬ӳȥټ򵥲ˡ
һֻ־Ҫץס۵죬ʱĹ͵ػ˳ȥ
һ
ȻȻӵ˺
ŭõȻһ֣ҪٴļͷС
СѾ磬߰ɣˡ
ֻǱﻹŹۣ˫ļ̤ŵ棬һ̨һۡ
ȣ
һȭֱ۵źȥ硣
볯źˣȶǰз״̬Ӧ
ۿһȭҪ۵ԴϣԱȴͻȻ̽һֻ֣ס˱ȭͷ
ʱɫһ䣺㣿
΢΢һЦңҪˣɲܱˡ


תһǣֻһƳȥʹ˶ȻͰѱʮԶ
ۿĿɿڴõʱҲ㡣
Сס˫۶ðСǡ
ڵ·ʮȦվ㵽˭ôӣôܱôֲ
ǼЦѣûʲôܵģڸϰ绰Ƿ۵Ǯ
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һ˸Ѿ˱Աߣٶñɫһ䣺ٲĻȷ㡣
ﻹҷϻͿʼ绰
绰Ǳߣϰüǲǽ˿ʨ
п಻ϰ壬ʨǰһˣһоͰҸˣٶȻ϶༫ޡ
ϰûзӦʨ߾Ȼˣ
ʱѾ˵绰ǰϰɣǷ۵ĳӶһֲٵĸô
ϰǸŵ绰ҲܸоǵĿֲߣ


133 Ż
һЩȣȻǴطˣȻ߶֪
ϰһɱ
ʵǲߣֻһ̽ѣڵõ𰸣˵ĸо
ߣ֪ߵĿֲλԺйϵ
ոհ۵ģҪǱλ߱ϰĶˡ
ǸߴˣС˺ϰǫ˺ܶ࣬ʨ飬ᣬô̰īѪǮţ͸ʨǮȥ
ãҵ㣡
ˣ֪գ
ǣҪȷǲߣȥ˵Ĺٷվһ¡
ȴˣҾһͨˣˡ
˵֮󣬺˵绰
˵绰֮󣬺ͨһ˵ĵ绰һߣͬʱȭ֮һ
һֱ˶óԺúȹţвܽĶ֣Բ
һͨˣû˵˺ţȭȴеġ
һֵ飬Ҫһ㣿ڵ
λŵߣҲ֪ʲô֡
ǳƺΪ
λʮ꣬ÿ¾ʲôɣҲҪ߼
ʲô飿ĻشĶ֣ȰѶԷϸңȻ㰲űʱʱڰš
Ķ֣ģæҿܵһߣ߽ǣһҪȥϿҲһǵԸϲҿɲոռͱɱˡ
ŶʲôǣûҲǸո˵Ǽעģһ׵ļһ˵ţԵӣһ˵վһ¡
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ǵֽ֣ǵҲֻһˡ
һǼעʱ䣬ЦЦõˣǸոע᲻£϶ҲǺһ׵ΪҶ׵ʰ
һҾͷˣԵģղˡ˵ĿһΪжţء
ЦЦܾԼһȣǺһףҲȷʵͨܶԸġЩϲͨǰˣˣ磬ͬΪߵˣȴֻܼβˡһˣʱҪǸҶôҰʰ
ھ۲ѡ
ҪӦȻȵȵȣǵ滹һӣѵʲôɵˣȺ˵ãʲôһǼɵĵӣҪǶǼɵˣ˵ҲҪǧ򡭡
˵ȥȴԽԽС
ôˣ
㻹ô
ǲʲôش֣

ȿȣƺЩ㻹ԼȥǰɣҾͲȥˡ
ǲǮ֡
Ǯ⣬һٶꡣ˵ʱޱΣԼûôǣȻҿԺ˵ˡ
ʲôĶʱģôˣǸոջ˵Ҫʰô
ʵ˵ɣȻո˵Ǽע᲻£ǾȻѾһɣȲ˵ģܳɣʵ϶ҲҪкסµǣֻһעȻһǼҪôĹֵò꣬Ҫô쾳ǿߡ
˵ⶼʲô˼ȫ
ˣһ˵㣬ңǰɶȥһԼ̫ˣҿһ£ǳɵ飬Ȼ˵ɵȥǵ鷳ˡ
ȫΨһ׵һǲǡ
ǻڵȥǮҪǲȥֻǵĸݡ
ͬǻĵ绰ˡ
úܣǿˣΣյ飬һ㶼մбռ飬ռһһ㡣
ҧҧȥˡ
ǵʱ򣬵ǰ˵ĸˣһ֮˲С˹ƹһΰɣ۵ĳӶ⳥ҪʲôҪ󣬾ᡣ
ǺǺǣֻһĹ򣬲Ļ湻ϸġ
ۿı֣ȴ𾪲ѣˣһ֮
۲ߣ֪ʲô˼ѾԿ϶ǵݲ򵥡


134 һС͵ճ
ûзӦϰµġ
֪ЩȻʲô˹ҪԸʲôˣȻ׾ٵ顣
ǵ֪ǳһɣһʲôһǼɵʱ򣬾ͳ׾ˡ
һɣ˵мʮˡ
ΪһǮһʮ˵ɣˡ
ǿ˿пǺϵġ
÷˾ͷװӵʱװӣܻĸá
ۣôѾž˽£ľҪǶ۵أҲ˵ĳ⡣
ЩƵĿۣԼ⡣
֪ǵϵԲȥۡ
磬ܷŹСС۾תͣһҪȥӡ
Сȣˡ۰˰֣ó˸ļƣĺԼԸǩģȻѳӶ𻹸ˣҲǷ
ۿĺ֪ܿǣԲǮǵǸ
ҪǵȥԼῴԼ
ۼȻ׷ˡǰ˰֡
ǣߡ簲ȫȻһ۷ڣ߶ˡ
˻صڡ
кܶҪʣСҲǺܺ档
ЦЦԵúأۣһֱڣһûкúõĽһԼոҶϰ˵ģҽǣɽݵĹݵǰ֮ǰڵ湦ݡȻֻҵıݡʵ㿴һ磬һߣҴһѧԺģʽɡ
ߣ
۸оǲͨˣ˵ԼߣƺЩˡ
뵽ǵǿĽ
Ƕܴɣ϶Ҳһʵġ
ӵϿࡣ߾ܷ߱ڣɻժҶԿ˵һˡѧԺǽĵطҴ˽⵽츳ܲԾԶһ죬ȷǷʸҴѧԺǽ͵
𾪣߾Ȼǵϵָˡ
СʱͶ书ʲôľ֮һȥѰҵ֮书ؼ
ǳԼܰ׳գΪЩ书ؼеģǵĳ֣ٴλصͯꡣ
ԭ书ؼָˣЩָ˱֮Ϊߡ
нڱѧԺоԼȼϣ
ۣҵĸ㣬õ츳Ѿﵽ˱ѧԺ¼ȡļߡǼھͿǵľˣԸ⵽ҵѧԺѧϰһøһ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ֻҪ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ͿȥѧԺӶ֮·
ʿˮҸʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ǰΪԼΪ˲зϣԺֻʵʵһͨˡ
ڣȻгΪߵĻᣬǵη壬ȫûоܾĵ
Ը⣬ԸѧԺޱȣЩӯ
ҲԸ⡣СȽŵͱ˵͵Լĸȱ̬ء
ܺã¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ûĻǩ־ˡһУͳ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
ã
ǩ
ۺСǩ֮յ˳ΪѧԺѧ֪ͨ
ǵˡ
βһB츳ۣһA츳Сȣǲˡ

뿪˶УҪһȥ
ۺСҹǰɽУѾȲĽѧԺˣһȺ缢ƿʵʦڵȴǡ
С
ǵѾаʱ䡣
ϢʾǸСɾһǾҵ˰Сɡ
ûмȥСɷ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ĬĬĹ۲˰Сһ
ŵ㿪ʼһСʱʱ䡣
ǿŰСһ˳˶ʮֻ߲ʮǮſֱ
Сǲ
Ǿˣ׳˵İСǹ̥˼ˡ
һȽޱȣָҲĺܣǺˣһ̾ͻٵ㶫
ĵ㡣
Сɰ˳Ķһ£Ǯ
ʼ޼ɵĻӻǸƫԶɽһǮȻ϶ȥԺ˼λүү̣󰤸İѾеؤһ顣
һֱߵ㣬СɵǮֻʣʮ
⻨Ǯ׵Ĳᡣ
æµһ죬СһݣһʮǮ棬Ȼʣİ˿Ǯȫ˼嵰
һ˺ĳ
ЩСˣһ˵һƽġ
롣
˽ȥ˰СɵĶ棬Ҳһ档
ʱİС̻ʣ֭ϡ
ǽÿӵĻᣬԺȨȲ˰Сɵ壬һϢͬʱ˳


135 ܿVS貨΢
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ϵͳ飺ṦͰ츳ԱṦࡢ¼ȡ
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û뵽С˵С
ȻСɷˣҲαװ֪㣬аСɣһ˼С͵
Сɫ䣬ʳָָм¶һλεĵƬ
ÿԣǿصƬ˵Ŀڴ
ǲûη壬Цô㻹Ҷ֣
СһѵƬȥȻڸңҾ˵ܾúиӰӡ˵ɣʲô
ԹԵĳȫ˰Сɡ
СЩߣǵȵǰꡣ
ǲ˲죬ЦСɣұȽϺ棬ôǮΪɶҪɢȥأ
Сɺһ㶮ʲôнٸƶ
ǺǺǡ
û뵽СǱ̬ԣȻЩˣΪɶôɰء
ǺͰС˳ȥ
СɣԸϲ̨棬ֻС͵
СȴЩС͵ھУҲǸС͵
Ȼ뷴СɣհСɵȷʵϸиˡ
СȵҲȷʵûС
˼һ£ЩϧС͵վС͵С͵Ҳһ֪Լ͵ţҪΪ͵۷壬Ǿʹˡ˵С͵棬һ˱С͵棬Ҳ͵һ˵ġ
Сɲ
ǵһ˵ʲôС͵ʹ
ǿСɱסˣǼС͵ô͵Ķֵһ㶼ߣ͵Ҳͺ½Сﴫ˾ժǲࡣڴˣһ֣С͵æһ궼ȲϡĴñȳ㣬ʲôǰ˴кʵĽ
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СЩ˭ٶˣ˭ַһˡΪԼܸңͺˡ͵Ķܰ͵ʲôʣ
Ǹаˣ츳ϲϵϰԼ͵֮š
ǰı±һĲֵܲ
ҪľǰСЦóһ¼ȡ֪ͨ飺СɣȻ㶼˵ˣǴİɣĶôСʱΪޣ͵ߣҾͳı¡͵ߣͱߡ
СһЩɵĿǡ
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ǿСɴӦЦЦҽһ£ҽǣڼʱʼˡ
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ǵ粨һϳȻ죬ȴƮΰСôץס
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ǰСɲ䣬ϵϴһֱǰţεĶ֣ܶ
ʱȥ
С͵뿪˼ΣױݣȻ͵ϮǣȴȻʧܶա
СʱȥСɫѿӮˣҸߣǻǰˣǲߵġ
Сɷڣһ㶼⡣
ǽǳԶ˰СɣŰСɣ
Сɺܵ⣬ֱĸо
ǽţֻǵȻǾͱҰ㽻ˣ͵ôණҲһģиʮ궼⡣
Сɵۣ޳ܣҶ㵱ˡ
Цֻ㵱ѧҪǲߣ͵Ŷ׼ɣ˵ڵļܿţ㵽˼棬ϴʱҪСһЩ
СġС˵ŵʱɫ԰ף쵰ͽҲҪץסҲС˸㣬Ұ׵ٶȽӽʮ룬һܿˣǹЩܿȶһء
ôҿɲܿᡣƺЩʧȴЦһ貨΢㾡ܰɣܲץס㡣
貨΢ͷСǣŤͷ档
ˣӰһѾ˰Сǰ棬˵Сɰǰ׼룿
ôܣСɫ䣬ǰǣ˹һ㣬Ȼ̲סٶȲȥμӰ˻ᣬϷҺô
̲סǴЦμӰ˻ᣬĳɴٸһλᣬʮ룬˳ҲҼʶһܿᡣ


136 Сɽ
СһĿʮ룿
ҪСʮ룬ֻҪһθӵĵطԼ϶˦ǡ
ܿᣬҪľǵθӡ
ǵ˵ͷȻ˵㻰ܰɣ
СﻹԥֻӣһԾŲſǽߵгΧ
ΧСɵٶȺܿ졣
һһת۾Ͱ˦ԶԶ
ʮ룬ô׷ҡСɳźȥǵټȻܵĿһЩûܿ᱾£׷
м˲֪ٶǽˣСɶΪʤȯˡ
ʱǳˡ
һԾֱϿʮ׸ߣŰСӶݵķȥǾͷ˰Сɡ
мЩǽȫ¡
һ˼ҵϣëһƮֱӳŰС׷ȥ
Сɣܲġ
ʲô
СɿʲôǾȻһһ
ʮ׵ľ룬ҲһԾ顣
࣬һԲ࣡
뵽Ѫ˵Ĵ˵СŻˡ
ԱһѧУڴŽҲûֵˣֱӾǷ˽ȥ
Ѹٵ¥Ҹط
ֻһԾ͵ѧУ棬ȻӰһ͵ĸǰܿᣬҲôҵṦһЩ
Сɫ԰ףʲô
ĺˣǱֳķֶΣ̿֡
̶̼Сʱ棬͵ԺǱһ顣
룺ҿɲʲôһߡ
СãȻߣָ֣
ǰɣ
ҴˣͷŹҰɣСɾҪ޳ˡ
ܷŹ㣬ҿΪͽģ㻹ʵʵظ߰ɣǺ˵š
ͽС۾һæǹ򵹣ʦô˵ˡôҿ϶ԸʦһǧһԸ⡣

ǻصɽеʱʱպùȥ졣
ɽ棬ơ
ԭߵʱΪ޷ÿֳ翴۾˪˴ɽ
ţŲǵҽֳ翴۾Ȼǲڻ¡
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ֻҪȥúǵ
˼ɽȥ
Сɿɽϵ컨һ·ϱ޼Ļʯʣ档
˽⵽ߵ飬ߵǺ治ѡ
һ·ϣСѾ⣬߶סʲôطÿ춼ǳʲôϲüֽ
ǱСʵĲ䷳
СɶڳΪ߻ǺԵģѾԼ˸ߵ־ǾǳΪ͵
㵽Ժ
ǰںŲ裬졣
ˮһԺŴѩ۽ַںĦǽѧûµʱ򶼻һ״򹷰ֱҪ̫ѧΧˡ
ֻʱ򣬺úõţһԲϾͻ
Ժˣִһô㹫ŹӣĿ˰Сɡ
Сɿ㹫ˮˣСãҲѧԺѧôԺǿɾͬѧˡ
ͬѧð㹫Ц绨
Сã㳤ƯûȤŮѣСЦЦ
Ůѣʲô㹫Щ
ɫǣȻҵϷѧԺʦΪѧԺĵһʹߣҪ㡣ֻԱһŮԷװĹͷˣﲮ⡣ԴϴαˮһѧԺ˵·ôһҪŮʦʹʹȥжҡ
ᣬᣡСɱﲮŵˡ
ԭڵϷҡ㹫ƺˣߣѧԺʦԺòޣ
СɵˣսѧԺ⵽вôֺܱߵĸо
ҲϹѧˣ֪ʦ³
ΪԺ󲻹ҿƣþǱʦ
СܵܣôԲԲʱͦ˧ôûȤѡҵĿΣ
λʦСδˣ˵
Ұǽ黭յʦѡ޿ΣҪԲԲν˵š
ҶЩȤС롣
ŶƯôԲԲЦĺˡ
ƯСɵ˵ͷ
벻ʦŮѣʵʦԸŶԲԲȻ
ģС̲סǵ
ƨ¼ȡ֪ͨóȥȻŲѹ·ӵɽȥԲԲһӱĸϻֱӾǰѰСŵ˵ϡ
ʦȻЦ
ǱߵֳʱˣԱߵվţܿ죬⾳滹Ƿȱ
ֳ绹û˵ʲôţȻһ˹СѾͷûҩˣ㻻⸱ҩ̫ܿˡ
ţ治˵ǰȴ¶˾ϲ֮ɫţȻһЩżκֳ۾Ļֳ֧ɾˡ


137 Ԥҩʦ
ֳ񣬽ν
˵ģһѧԺŽ͹ϵشǿɾָŽһѧԺʦȥء
ţҸϹ۾أôκðɣǻ̲סѯʵ
Ժ֪ˡѧϰִҽѧ֪ʶй񾭵֪ʶо֣Ҫҩ޸Ӿ񾭣޸ֳôؼ˵ò˵ִҽѧĺǰ;Զ󡣡ţ롣
ԴѧԺ֮ǽӴͼЩҽ鼮ѧ˺ܶĶ
ڲ֪䣬ţҽٴȻûһȼҲ˶١
ǣΪֻ൱ڸһݺţҽȴûôԸûжٱ仯
Ҳ٣Ϊÿһʦﶼѧϰѧͬѧںһ֪ʶҲͬѧ棬ΪԡֻʮλʦѧȻѧʦ
磬ϲ㼴ؼ֪۾һ뿴ʲôǺʵ
뿴Ժʲôӡֳѿھǵ
ҪңҺܳģ㻹ǻȥ̰ɣǸΣʵˣȻΧʦʱ۾Щˡ
ԺѧѧԺʦɲôְ֧
Ժ档
ϸ̵һʣѧԱҲһס
ڶ糿
ܺãһյɽ
ţظֳҿɴʦһԿš
ҲԶԶعע
ôţѯʡ
ôֳۣ۾ոһ㣬ȴּæˣʦ̫ˣȻֻһ˿̫ˡ
һԺúÿ㻹ЩӦٳԼΣûˡţЦ˵ҲЦ
Ȼ
ֳ糢һᣬӦ
ֻûҵǡ
κ۾֮ȻȻĳΪѧԺѧ
ϵͳ֮УҲյɵ֪ͨ

һһӨ͸ƿ͸ƿԼԿһźɫҩ裬ӦþD츳ҩ衣
ǼǵϴλõB츳ҩɫģD츳ҩҲֻһɫѡ
D츳ҩ˭ҪһЦĹ
ڶԵЩһˣ⾹Ȼһ˿ƴСİɫƬڿƬϡԿѧԺڱһƬհףƺȴʲô
ϵͳѧԺŽҪôã
ֻҪŽѪȷϣܰŽӶɳѧԺ
ǵѪͲġϵͳŽǺεΪʲô˴˿ɳѧԺ
ʵ⣬ѧԺʦϾǵڵ飬ڵĿռԱӦôڵˣųԡѧԺĿռ䷶Χ֮ڣȻʲô⣬һ뿪ѧԺֿռų˲仯ΪӡѧԺŽһֿ߿ռųĵߣԲѧԺʦɳѧԺ
ϵͳĽͻǳԣǺ׾ˡ
һŽֻܸһλʦʹãòء
ǻҵ˻أŽʹãҪһ¡
ԺŽңЩϲ
뷨ҸŽѧԺרԱĿǰѧԺ棬ʺϳȥʦûСȻʴӱϾŮˣҲв㡣룬ͦǿģܵѧԺ棬϶ҲܰﵽҴæ
Ժ㶼˵ˣŽǸѧԺרԱŰɣس˼һ£ҪѧԺ뿪ѧԺҲǺܴ󡣿һõרԱԺѧԺͻԴԴϵѧ
ţҲôġǵ˵ͷ֪ʲôʺϵרԱô
ô΢΢һЦԺҾ;Ͳˡҿ˭ʶ˲ţҵ϶ǰġӢ۴磬ҵȻõʦ˻Ǻ׼ģЩǱ˲ţһۿ
ǰ˼ڻҩʦЩ˽ġ
Ȳ˵ҩʦǲһ۱˲ţ˸ֵñ塣
յļӣ÷͵˾澭ʦţۼЩͽܱҩʦȸϳšɾ÷磬ǻҩʦӣȻԻҩʦޱȣɴ˿ɼҩʦ˸Ƕôǿ
ѧԺרԱ˸ޱҪĶ
˸ȥѧѧнѧԺʲġ
һ»ҩʦΪ뵽ҩʦͨģͨаԡŶݼס黭ũˮñԵһһҲͲסˡ
˲ʺϵѧԺרԱ˭ʺϣ̲סʡ


138 ģʼ
ѻҩʦٻҲѡ
ֻҪ쵽˶ӦĽϵͳһָһǼ￨ơҩʦǼɣʱָٻȻܰѻҩʦٻ
뵽ǾѶȻеġ
ϵͳҪһղʮѧѧ츳ĲõCһA츳ѧһδģˡҪشBԼB츳ѧҪ˲У⼸ˡ
⣬ΪʱȣôƴҲΪҪ
뵽뵽һ绰롣
վģ˵ǹĵ绰ֻҪ绰ù˰æ顣һ˾СһʮʮϵѧһҪñܹûùҵ˳æ
Ҳܰ׽ˣôҲҪùҵ˰æɵ顣߶ţȷҪеѧΧٺǹæ
뿪ѧԺ
ȥһֳ磺磬ϲ¿磬ͬʱӭΪѧԺѧѧԺ棬ԺҪúѧϰȡ£ΪֲԺֻĻһᵽ֧֡
õģԺֳ翴ǣ۾˸ŹâԺлл㣡
л˵ţسɽȥ
˲ϵɣɽԽԽƯ
ɽ·Աˮ󻨻ܣ˼СͤͬʱŴѩʯͷһЩʯԣٵĵطһЩ֪˭¼һдţѧԺ˭ǧҪԲԲ
ȻģһǺţдģѧҽҺţѧҪҺţںҽ׼ţҽѧΡһﲮдģɻһĹٱһҶдģӻ˭Ҳס
һֱɽ¡
룬ڽɽĵطҲһʯͷдÿһѧɲţֻǸ˵

ǵݣѯһ³Ŀǰ
ԺѾһٶʮѧԱʾԹδжٵԤ
һʵڲ߳ͲΪ˸нġ
ãҲʡˡ
ʵĻжж٣Ƕơ
ʱϲԺɶʱǽп죬ھܰһ˹
Ȼûóš
Ǵ翪ʼǾͿʼæ
һʱ䣬ǼʮˣB츳ѧԱһˣC츳ѧԱˡ
ЩѧԱȻѧԱôBC츳ѧԱҲ֡
ڶ磬ǼʮˣB츳ѧԱһˣC츳ѧˡ
ڶ磬Ǽ˶ʮˣûB츳ѧԱC츳ѧˡ
죬һʱ䣬ǼʮˣB츳ѧԱһˣC츳ѧԱˡ
ˣѧԱǼһ顣
ܹһһһٶʮˡ
B츳ѧԱȻҶۺͰСɣÿȡҪ
ǳһҲǷġ
ΪԷһǻǵѧԱ棬Ӧûʣʮûѵû취ʮҹô
Ŀ϶ˣĴǲԸ
ǵ˵ͷȻˣǾˡ
гһһʮˣѧԱ棬CԼC츳ѧԱ
гôˣϲЩһݣʱûĻͿǩЭˡ
ǵ˵ͷã
ǲͨվϵĵ绰
ã롣
ǣһǼѧԺĵһˡ
ԭԺҪߵ飬ӵֵ绰һ㶼֣֪Ժ绰ʲôô
ѧԺҪһ¡ֱԵ
û⡣ȻӦʣ֪ʲôʱʱҴ˹ȥ
ɣǵ
ʱһЦЦ
˹˵绰֮뿴˿ߵˣ˷ܵлˣһһǼɣʲôѧԺҪյӣǹȥæʱ϶һʡ
ǰæǸһǼɣǾͱֵǲˡаЦ
ҸڶǼ棬һǼɻ۸˸ŵ
ҽ㻹Ǽأҵ츳ãͿŽĹϵǼˣﻹȴЩŭ
ĹϵӲɣĻһ㣬ܰǼɵţȥֱӾǺĵˡȡЦ
ǲ֪νҵţͱһȺŸռˡ
ǰæǿɲһ׵顣


139 ˭˭һ
ǻȥ֮˵˪Ѿȫǧҩ
ţ֪ԼзҩϾо
һжڳźõķչ
ڶʱ½ѧԱݣЩеѧԱ˷ܡ
棬ҲԵú֡
ݽĴǺܲģܱ¼ȡԺ򷿶⡣˵
˵ȫֹݣ˵ԺҲܵһֹݵĹ˳ڴ
˵ǰϹ˹лŹѧһаʽǾ̫ҸˡиӢˬŮӳ֮ɫ

ʱǻڼ
绰˵ѧԱѾˡ
ϵһ룬˵·ϣϾ͵
ֻǵִ֮绰ϵ룬뾹ȻϾ͵
ִʮ绰ôߣǳٳٲдʡ
ķŭˣ˵õĹԱЩô
꣬ôһ˹ؼʱ򣬾ͱôס
ǲԾ绰˵׿ס
ǻĵ绰ûҵֻһġ
һһɣ
ٵʿ֪Ķͦġ
Ǵ绰һ䣬һҹԱæʱ򣬶Ц˹ȥ
ǣ֪ܲЩνĹԱʵһЩɵӵǿǰĺܣһĶǼǰæУǼµǰæٲҪһЩۡؼǮС£Щһ˵ܰˡһǡ
ԭҲˡ䣬Ѿŭա
ȱ˵ĻòҪǡȻҪǷҪǣѧԺ˵һǼɣǾͲҵˣҲˡһ˼һ£Ⱥһ϶ΪԶ㣬ڹѿء
֪ˡ˵͹˵绰ãõúܡǰɣҵҪ˭˭
룬ָһ绰
Ǳϡֺͺ˵ԺҲǺ˵ôǻ·ϣϾ͵
뻹ں̾һװôǾͲˣߵѾҪǰæˡ
һõԺʲô˼ˣô
ʱЦΣ⻰˵ģɶʱˣˣһֱˣô
⻰֪϶ǿİϷ
Χ˻֪ô¡
磬ôˣСǲżˣ
Ǹһôһ̸Ǯ׶ˡ
ȡһŪ˵ѧԺЩҵģݾǵġ

ü˵ˣԷƺǸӲ硣
ǵĶεȵĻһ
üͷһ壬ЦȻһǺãҵ˭˭
뵽
ֱӾȵ룬ôĵӣŹԱݣȻˣѧԺ֪벻ˡķһֻһ֪ѧԺʲôôΪעƣֻһǼɡ
ʱһǵĿˡ
ǲЩǼѧԺǿǿģֹһλģʲôǼҲãǼҲãǺߣ˵ĻҲǽĳһˣˣҵﶼ
̣ԺڸԼˡ
ЦˣҲ䡣ǱЩѧԺǰʲôһ쾳ôһմȨôǻΪϣѧԺΪô
ˣⲻǰ˵Ļô
ǰвСɣҲ˵ĳ˵ıӡ
ڳһǣЩ˵ˡ
ǺߵԣҪΪԼ˲ѧԺæǸˡҪ˲ʶ̧٣Ҳ̧̧ţһŲȻ԰ҵĻǴţҼԣϣǺܳġˣϴѧԺע˵Ԭ棬֪ϲʶ˼ҿɱǿˣôҺǺˡ
Ԭ棡
֣һ
Ԭְɵ˹ǶԽӹġ
Ԭ汳ɸոսΪǼɣ쾳ǿߣʵǿԬǼɵӣǾԲǵġ
Ԭ涼˿ǰë߰


140 
룬ֱӾǹ˵绰
ܹµ϶绰Ԭȥȷһ¡
뵽ҪΪԬĬˡ
һɽе飬Ԭ֮ȥ
ȥѯԬ棬˿ΰ
ǲ²ġ
һʱʹ绰Ԭ棺ιԬʦô밡
Ԭ
Դɽл֮ÿ춼ˣһ͵͵ġ
±֪һ쾳ɡ
һлãû֪Ǽ飬ȥ֮Ҳؿƿ
ԬҲΪ´ˡ
룬ʲô飿Ԭӵĵ绰ûжٵ𾴡
Ǻܲмġ
һڶǼɵִµĸ磬ٻ˲ˡ
Ԭʦ֣ģ֪֪֪һɣ˵ѧԺѧԺţŵ
ʲôѧԺԬ˲סβͣˣ룬ô֪ѧԺ㻹֪֪ģ
оԬЩԬʦ֣֪ʲô飬ѧԺҪѧǹȥæҿһһճɣҲ֪ԷĵϸԾѯһ¡ϾǸ˵ģӦ˵ѧԺ
ԬԼǴεûй¶ȥѧԺȷ˵ģʱҺͻɵĻʦһȥġǸɵһǼʵ
ֱӾһǼΪѧԺĹֵﵽһǼˮ׼쾳ǿߣ뼱æʵ
ʲô֪ģڹֵ쾳ǿߣɶڻܡԬü
Ԭʦ֣˵ѾѧԺԺˡҧҧֱ̹ף˵ѧԺ쾳ǿߣ֪мֵĿŶȡ
Ԭ̲סǴЦ룬ߵ˸ְϡѧԺʲôطһǼִµĵܵܣ͸ҴթҡˣԼΪ֮ϣĸ֪飬㡣
ԬֱӾǹ˵绰һѧԺϻƨɣּɵġ
ھ֪ѧԺ飬Ҳ¡
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绰ཱུɫѿ
ǸɵӣԬȻû˵ʲô˼Բˡ
ѧԺǵĴڡ
һСģǲˣҪ갡ɫ԰ס
磬ǲǿȥˣ
Ҫ٣ҴҪ򡣡
ҿһ£ɽеĻͦģֱҪһӡ

Χ˵Ļ̲סǺұ죬ҪԵġһãǿûˡ
ʲôΪʲôûˣ
磬ںǿЦģ԰ɣ
磬ʱ϶ôͷ
磬ôɫôѿƵģֲġ

뿴ǰʮ˻֪һ߷ǰӣ֪ʲôѾˣѧԺһǿɣ治쾳ǿֹܻһ֮ǰʱɵԬ涼Թ񡣡
ôܣ
Ԭɵῡܣټְء
һһǼɣ쾳ǿ򣬲ĵĴȥô

˼ҵ͵ûͷûԵģͰѧԺԺˣֱŭʲôߡ
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뿴ݵңһ侲һǣϴȻǰѧԺƯƯġ

ʲôˣʲôͻȷſڵļˡ
ǹģ֮ǰԤԼԵúǵ
ŶǸͻûж룬ֱ쵽˹칫ҡ

ǿǰļˣѾϳ룺֪ˣΪ㻹·أ
뿴ǵĵһۣȾǵᡣ
ǸϵƣǸǼɵŶȲϡ
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ǲ˵꣬Ͱ˰֣öôҲøҵǸѧԺһҪǸҰˣǽ첻õĻһȥһ˵ġ
϶Ǻˮ֪һȫԸ
ǵ˵ͷǺãȸ˵˵һյӣôġ


141 ɵĲ
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֪ǸԼֵʱ򣬳˼һµһɣյӲɵִ»ʲô˾ټȻɻ˵ĸǽһ򵥵ؼ飬ʵĻ˲ܱΪӡ
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ҲѸΪҪĲοݣɼǵҪԡ
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Ǹʲôһط
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142 ͣǷְɣ
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ЩѧԱʶߵ磬׵ߣȻΪеһԱ
Щʵġ
Ҫвĸǣ϶ҲܳΪɵĵӡ
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Խ˵ԽԽ˵Խջ
ԱͬȥѧԺѧ˿Ѿ۷Ź⡣
ǻ֪ΪѧԺѧĸǸӼᶨԼľġ
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ѵĻЩ⣺ҾϲСͱ˵ĲˡҲǰҵģֻǲװˡˣСո˵͵ſˣٵӣȻȥտֵСտ㡣
͵Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
ʱԶʻһʮĴ󱼡
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Ϊһĳôʮ򣬾ŬһҲôǮЦ˵⳵ѵģǿ˾ģ־Ǽ򣬼ʮģ˼ҵһͷȲϡ
ʵҡԼҪΪߵ˵
ˣһ󡣬һҲʲôϢԺҪҡǰһҲͼǵǮԸһǮһῴ㣿ˣллôöûңҾҪѳȥҪ֪һǴһԸһǮ˵꣬Ťƨ˴档
ʱ󱼵ĳˡ
һЩֵӳһŨ̵ЦСӣŮˣһúܵġ
һΣûεȥΪʲô


143 ѧ뿼ƶ
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ƶ˦ͣǱȻ顣
ֻǼӿ̡
ѣʶĸУѡġ
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ԲԲҹЩѧѧԺƶȡ
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ѧļѡ
˱޿γ̣רҵѡ޿γ̣Щרҵѡ޿Ҳѧγ̣еĺǵİ༶йأеûκιϵǿѡķΧȽϹ㣬ǿѡ༶ѧγ̣Լרҵѡ޿Σⶼûκ⡣
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߰ɣȥѧԺͬѧǶڵ㡣תͳѧԺȥ

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ѧǵΪԽԽǿְ༶Ļ־ͻԽԽģЩȭƷ֮໮ֵİ༶ҲֻΪǰڵֶѡ
ڣȻ༶Ѿ٣ЩѧȴͳΪһ꼶
ԲԲʹˡ
Ժ֮յɵ֪ͨһǼ￨ƣһϵͳѾںˡ


144 ɣҵרԱ
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һǼ￨ƣҲʹһԪǿߡ
ڵĻǾ൱һλ쾳ĸˡ
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Ҳ̫Իˣһˡ̲סǵƱʱ򣬸𾪵Ըӡ
һѧԺʦƱĽܶܶࡣ
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С˵棬һľŻ¶衢޳赨ɢؽ󲻵ҩ
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ǰĻҩʦĻҩʦΪԭͣҲԵøӵĪ⣬ҲΪʲôڿƱ棬ûбעΪӢ۴ԭ
ԺҩʦǼһ
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ףһʤλġҩʦ֤
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ʱѧԺŽһհ׵ĵط˻ҩʦֺƬ
ȻѧԺŽŹâֱ˻ҩʦ֮С
ЦЦˣ˽һȥͼҲӦ鼮Կ
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ҩʦģҶûʱȡϵͳشˡϴεشһһְҵ￨ƣһöһޱβ֪ʲôǺڴţѾ㿪ش


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ٵȫӳǱŪײСȻָ¹ʱ֤ͨԺӦҲвָκʱ֤ͨʱֻҪѡָħ磬ȻͿȥŪţҲħ
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ǰԲ⣬˻ҩʦˣѧԺס޵طûҩʦ̽һµźá
ҩʦɽתһȦܿѡλãԺͺܺáԶΧȺɽԶ󺣣ɽˮĸ֡
ǵ˵ͷǾ
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صѧԺ棬ѧҲʼϿΡ
Ħǿʼ׽ѧĶ
һÿεʱ
ĦˣκʱҪϰ⣬ŵѧÿȡһ裬ֵҩԼӿ׽ٶȣͬʱҲܼʱʹࡣ
ѧ֮󣬴ΪĶ
Ħģһ¿ΣѧŸ뿪
ЦЦĦǵĽѧ
ԺôпҵĿˣĦͷǡ
εѧЩ࣬ӦԾЦЦˣĽѧ׹Ӳһÿνǳʵ˲á
Ħһٹ⣬ΪԺ
ǻ˵ʲôԺ֮кȻһȺΪѧԺʦǷٻѧԺ


146 ǰİ
ǵǾˡ
ɶʱȺԼ飿
뵽ǼæصԼİ칫ңϵͳȺôѧԺʦǲǸˣ
ϵͳȴǻشܸˣҲûиȺԼ飬ǩԼľȺ
üȺԼ飬ѵǷݣ
Ǿܴܺ
ûмȺٻΪʵڲȺαӡȺƹΪѧԺʦôִĸоڻһ˵
ȻһԭǵõʮǱһʱ䡣ЦĻɽһչصĺõطȥЦ磬ʲôȻҲԵ
֮ǰǻҪ鰲źãҪľǧҩݵ顣
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ţ׬Ǯô
ܴгĻӦǿ׬Ǯģ򲻿гǾ鷳ˡ
Ŷôǵ˵ͷ㾡ȥҪһҵ֧ѧԺճǼȻҩƣǾͲҪ˷ơˣĻҩʦʦҽȻţҩȴҪǿںţæһҩ
õġ
Ǿˡ
Ժȵȵȡ˪סǣһе飬ҲǺѧԺҵйصġ
˵ͣ˽Ų
ԺţоǼֱȽױƷҩѾעһһױƷ˾һϴˮ˾ǧҩӹ˾ҽһгУǻױƷ˾ϴˮ˾о޴гӪĺãǰ涼ܳǧҩ
ǾòˣҪǸʵܰǧҩչȫԵĴ˾
ԺҿûǸ͡缯źǧҩڹÿʱ䶼ûУҪһֱȥĻҿ꼶벻ˡҴǧҩĲƷ֮󣬾ͿʼˡԺȤʱ
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Ǹ˪ﻹš
ϵͳӵмֵڵĲҵʵ̫ѡ
ȻĽҲܲһЩ֧Ҳǿ˶١
һֱ겻޷һЩضĽӦԺƺš
Ϊϵͳ˵ֻŻֳƺŽ
ǲԺмϰԺԺ֮ġ
ЩƺŲܼӳѧٶȺԣѧԺѧʦıҪԲԶ

ȥݡ
ǣӵĶԹԡ
˵õĸƸôôһ˶ûС
ȫ˳ɫѯһ³ݵķչҪȥ
͵ſڣ̲סǵǵɶʱ򿪷ֹݣ
һɶʱЩҽǵЩѧˣɶʱ򿪷ֹݡһܶһĽûУֹҲûɶýѧԱġ
ѾЩǵĻˡ
Ǿóͦʵģ˼һµҪ̫࣬úð˵´ݵĽЩѧˣҾһ
ЩԺȫ֪˵Ļʲô⡣
ǲûж˵ʲôҪó֪лΪѧԺѧԻٸʵס
ǻص˼ҡ
һֱڸĸ壬Ҳøĸ׽
ĸϾҲֻD츳һֱĺܡ
ǳ˼һ£ȴЦͿǰѸĸҲΪѧԺѧȻռѧȴøĸĸһЩ

棬һѾЦ硣
ɽɵĴ
ȺЩ硣
ԴǷֵԼǩԼ֣Ժ֮оͶĶ
ЩǹѧԺġ
һֱ˽ȥѧԺЩԼǲˡ
ѧԺסĵطôȺţӦþȥѧԺʱҿǩݶ
ȺŲԾľ뵽ǡ
ǰĲ֮ȴȫ˴𰸣ԺԭȻѧԺԺֲ׺
ȺǷǵʱ򣬴Ѿһˡ


147 Ⱥʲô
ǡ
ȺоǵϢԾļ̌ͷȥ
ǵǵʱ̲סһ
ںҪһ
ȺЩԺ
ҲĬȥˣǺȵȺԼǸô͸ǩ֣Ųھɢ
ȺоһޱϿµ쳹ڵԺ
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ǩԼ飬ҪܵǵƿأԻˡ
棬Ѿע⵽
ţֵصĵӾҪ
ҪȺæȵԺɱңٶ˶ûá
ߣʶࡣҸλϾĿ˿Ⱥ˵˵ô°ɣ
Ⱥʼ
ԭϴȺǸԼ飬Ϊʲô
ɵǣǷԼ飬֮ǰ
Ⱥ֮͵Լ飬ԥ˺ܾãǩԼ֡
˵ΪɶҪǩأ
һΪһ书ؼֻǩ֣Żֳ
㻹Զ󿪡ʮֵǩǩˣһļֵõ˹ѧԺļ䣬Ӧ֪ѧԺһѧԺ㵽ѧԺ֪ܽʲô
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˼һ£Լϼ񹦣ûʲôֵóֵġ
Ļǲ˵û˼ֵ
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١ŮȺѾ۾ԺҿԽ֮̾
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šǵ˵ͷٿȺʱҲ˳۶ˣʵѧԺĿǰЩʦ棬Ⱥѧϣֻ֮ǰûۿȺѣڰԼ黹ңһеá
ǣȺԼ顣
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˰죬ǻϼ񹦡
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ϸƷϼ񹦣ȴЩϲϼҲûôôѧ˺ͷЧҺĻϼҪ׽׺ܶࡣЩ츳õѧҲһϼ񹦡
㶨ȺóһԼ飺Ⱥȥķ˺óᣬķҲǩԼ顣
Ⱥϲǣȥˡ
ǿȺ뿪Ŀ˼
ҲǩԼ飬Ϳ԰һʱˡ
ܿ죬ˡ
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ЩΡ
ЦģȸŮһЦĹ°ɣ΢΢һЦóЦ鼮ȺҲжܾʣܾ


148 ˣֳǹܾ
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ѵ棬ǣֻǸʲô˼
ҲЩ֡
ǾͿʼЦĹ£ӿʼβÿһµݶ򵥵˵һ¡
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ҲķŭѣҪȺνˡ
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ǵδ趨ģҪһԼΪɶôңҽȥҽүӡΪҵĵǵ˶һĸı䡣ǵ˵ţǶϲҲϷˣҾͲˡ
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ǰЩʱŵӣҾǺܿҲѧԺѧȺ˼һ£ǵıǸ룬ѧԺѧ֪Щʲô


149 Ǳͻ
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ϴ֮˾ͽЦ磬˻ɽɡ
ʵ֪ҲǵġЦһ޴ĵ⣬ÿѧҷơϵǺĿˣǹϵܻõĽ˭һʲôһǿɾͿˡ
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ϸһ룬֪϶Ⱥɵġ
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ҵһԸɾĵط֮óʮ
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ھصؼҵʱֻа¡
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ͬʱ
ҲѾͻƵĵڶ㣬Ѿȫ塣
ԼԼٶˣ͵ڶˣ뿪֮ǰҿ϶ˡ
Сʶ˲֣Ϊ֪ʶ֣ԻǰѺ˹
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뿪Ц֮ǰҪЩ˰Լ鶼ǩˡ


150 ۷𷨣
˭ֻѧĻֵķ֤䵱ĳ顢ɽɵĪ϶ܷŹ
ֶ֤ͨ书ǧƺʨӺǶ۲书
̫̫ȭ˵ã̫ôѧѧԺǱҪеġ
ĪвؽҲǺӦҲһֲ
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ڱڤ񹦣Ǵʵ̫lowˡ
ѧ֮⣬Ǿˡ
ɱҽƽһָҽȻ׵ġ
ĿǰѧԺֻкţһҽѧʦԶԶġ
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һͳɣѰ
ɶѵģԸ棬ҾóɹĿԺܴ󡣡

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У϶ţѧϼ񹦣ɵĸѧ˵ܽɣҲ˶١ɽɾǴε֮أڶûлָǶֵĺʱ򡣡
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Ա߼վڵĺҲ̲סЦ
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СУ˭˵Ƿ֮ˣͲܺͷ֤ʦ۷ˡ̲סЦҲǶ𷨵ģҺһô
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С֮ѿھǵкѣǲҪŮɫŮɫǺá
Ҳǵ˵ͷ
Ǳһıׯϣ⻰ʱЦ飺СУҲľĿ϶ǽõʦ̵ġ


151 ֤
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Ƕʱɵۣǡ
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Цĺпܲϵΰ
εҡҡͷȻˣҸǽһʲôɫǿտռɫȾٸӡ˵һƪҪǰҪ˵˼ֽʣֱʵǡɫ֡ɫԵ˵˼롢ֽȱǡաд£ûֽʵֿգ㲻֡ɫ
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һѻ˵۷˷֤
Ҳǣ֤˵ͷͿʼǩ֡


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153 鱻滵
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154 ҽ
ջԼ飬ö⣺ϵͳҴ̫
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ھҸһֲ׾ٵ顣ţϵͳȼ֣ҵҽӦôﵽˮ׼˺ţ

ǾƽһָѧԺʱԶһ֧͢
Ϊ׵ϳϢһֺϤĸо
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ƽһָߵʥմ˵ʦ򲻿ɵ
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Ҳǰƽһָʱġ


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156 
Ի׵ĻȴŤ
׶ʱüô㲻Ըҹȥ
ԻЦǹʵ˵ãǴ˵еֳָֻ֣ƾǵĻȥʱǼԻˡΪģһˣͲҪȥðˡ
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𻪵࣬ǺСʧȥĸס׵ĵȻûǶĮޱȣûʲô𻢵ĵҪˣֻĴңЦ棬һ¶Ǻȥġ

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֮ǰܵÿ죬ȻôһϣҲܳԵġ
״ˣǴ档иԻ͸֦Ҷˡ
ң׵ȻţôҲܵóѣԶһЩһŹתͷżܵ۾
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ԱߵļԻʼצӵס۾䵽ܵϣ䴩Ƥë
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ܸоʹŭޱȡ
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ǿ̫ࡣײһŴ棬涼ǳѪڰ˵㣬ļ弶ʵܵʵӦýӽ
໣һе֣ٴγס
ܺӲƴ׶˼֮󣬿ԻļһǼ֧Ȼȹٴγʱ򣬽֧ǲ˹ܵ۾
֧ܿʱϰԵ赲
֧漴ķɳȥ
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ܸոΪһ٣Ѿÿ˿ѾԮ
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״ˣ̫ˡ
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״ˣܶɾˣܵ϶Ǳ˵дáһԻ뵽ʲôȻڵ


157 ׵
Ц磬˵вٵ
ñ˷һ޴ߵĵӶһԿʯӴ˳Ϊ֮ˡ
ǰĹܣѾΪ֣ϵܵǴ֮
ԱȽ侲ܵǱܵĵǲǺͨܵһ֪ˡ
ԻǷ׷׶֡
ǱʯͷŹȥܵ۾ĴӴܣӵõ
ʱҲǶѵĳǹһᣬȫ۵ǹ棬Ŀ磬硣
һǹŹܵ˿ڣ档
ܷĲҽУϵعܡ
׺һߵһǧصľʯԱߡ
ֻֽסʯָ˾ʯ棬繭һͦǰѾʯ
ѾʯٹͷĹͷ֨֨
Źܣ˫һƣǾʯ˹ȥ
һ
ʯЯž޴ֱӰѹܵԴұ⣬Ѫضǡ
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״ؿΪɽһ

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׶ʱϲȻǱ
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ͬʱ׶ԼԻԸǰ̧ȥСİƤȡ⣬ÿÿ͵㡣ˣƤʱҪע⣬ܵƤҲǱЩ
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ܵ϶㣬ƹƶֵܼǧ𡣡
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תԽԽ죬Ϊ¶ȵı仯γ˴硣
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׵ϸһĨЦݣĲǿ൱弶ʵؼҵôӵ棬Բ
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룬ԻǵܵƤƳɻףûʲôãǶЩʿȴǱΪ˷ֹǻѾһλдţʱ䣬ͻȡƤ
˵ѣʵ
û˲֪֣ͬΪѧԺͬѧˡ
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װͦأţԺϾҪ̻ؼңǡ
ǵ˵ͷô̵ʱĲ㣬Ҷû뵽ѧԺ֭ܵѾóԲԲʦպãԺȻĶ㡣֮ǰҲʦѡһźʵѧ㣬һ¡
׽ӹһֻѧؼд֡ƣ


158 ̫
һѧ֮һһֺѧǻõĵָͨ
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ԲԲȵףѧԺ߳ȥġ˴λؼң۸ˣʱԺ˸ʲôؼңѧԺʦȥһ͹Ǽһġ
ڨڨ֪ѧԺʦ޷뿪ѧԺ
ǵףȥʱ򣬲ؼʱȲҪ¶ѧ»˶㲻ǲѧΪķţֻҪ㲻ֳҲȵǼȣ峤ڵʱһٱΪԼ
Ȼ֪׾ĵллʦ֪ô
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ĿǰѧԺ棬ֻлҩʦɳ룬Ҳֻȥ
ҩʦӦǺãھɽ

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׻ص֮ûмȥһȵĹ԰棬ĸ˷ء
Ϊ׵ĸײһޣҲֻؼĹ԰档
ûлĸ׵Ĺ涼ǻĲݡ
׻һСʱȫɾǶ˲ٵԹޡ
겻Ǹ˾Ȼĸ׵Ĺÿһۡ
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ǰ˵ģָҪָ׵Ĳҵĸ׵Ķĸ׵ؼʹĲҵؼûκεĹϵ
ûǴǷݲҵĸ󣬾ͻ¡
ʱСʱؼҴΪѡ
ǶռĲҵ˵Ϊ˲ҪȥȻ̫


159 ڵŲ
׿ǰӣԷޱȣȫ
һ˲жֵĳ嶯֪ڻʱ
ȻĻǶ֪ʵпڼ֮ǰ취ɱ
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ֻҪȵʱչʾԼʵüǰҵǱȻû˸ٶԸҡתߣȫǰӣһʱ䣬Ƿҵģһġ
ӳһĭǲм

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ײòݼΪ˱Ͼĸס
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ֻ׸ߵſڵʱһȻֵµЩҵţĺܲҪǲĸãԺЩҵһֱŰɣѾʹ磬ʱЩҵ棬ÿһķֺ죬Ҳʡ͡
׻ͷһһ˵һ֪ˡת뿪ˡ
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׵˵ͷϤһУ㡣
Ҫ뿪ʱ׵үүؼҵĹܼңĲƲӦöʱʱһСҰŲ̳Ҳˣܸܲңǰ׶Щҵ
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ֻǶھĲҵȴ
ܵµĲҵΪ顣ɼһǹھƵģȫľżһƵ꣬µġڶǹϢģķ籩Ƽаٷ֮ʮĹɷݡҲؼһ飬ǾҩҲµĲҵ
ҩãֵʱ̲סһ
ڻģûҩũ֪ҩá
ҩúųȫҩչ̣Ūҩģȥҩóۡ
ñ֮ǰҪǧ˲ΣҲȥɽеҩá
Ҳһ̣ŪһЩ顣
ֲǶ粻Ը黹ЩҵҩһҩĿ⣬ǹϵĴ¡Ƕץôһ⣬ô׹黹׶ԱһǶʱ䣬ĸ󡣴ʱҩùؼҹǶҲͿʼҩõҩ﹩Լ
˵֮վŵʱ򣬻Ǻĵү²òͷүǹһЩҪӲʲô³ʱĲµľ㣬ֻҪúõĻţʲôˡ
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ҩȫһаʮҷֵ꣬ۼֵҲһڶ㣬ҩΪһҩĽ׵ƽ̨ǱǱʾǧڶֹ
׽סȭͷµЩҵԲ䵽˵档
ֻ֪ʵȡһС
óƵؼǺ̵עͣϸ
жһȻͿʼ
֮׵һĽչĴҲҪˡ
Ǵǰһ죬ؼҿʼȥļԱҵ


160 ҵ
ؼҵ·棬ʮؼӵܰվš
һԼļλϡ
ΪؼҵĹܼңȴѾЩˣҵһޣҲ׶ĸףؼȨƵŮˣؼҵĲǼ̳ǰɵй
Ů˽أ庫ҵС㣬ǿƣҲֶΡ
ؿվõôؼӵܣڵǶ˳ȥҵʱ򣬽ÿ˷һݲҵݼĹ涨ǵõݲҵ֮ÿҪϽİٷ֮ʮϽʮ꣬ݲҵǳ׹ǡʮֻ֮ҪÿϽɰٷ֮ʮؼұӻǵĻѡ
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ص˵ͷóһֽʼСѣı֣ĲҵսеĻʾưɣʮ򡣡
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ķּӵܣֵܷһĲҵǾǶˡ
ı֣Ĳҵݳеһ̣ʮ򡣡
ػͨı֣ĲҵͨеһҴɣ۶ٶʮ򡣡
ƣı֣ĲҵϼеһҸߵ͹ݣİʮ򡣡

Щּӵܣÿ˶Ƿ˴żĲҵѾܲˡϾּӵô࣬ÿǸϼǧĲҵؼǴ壬Ҳ
зּӵֵ֮ס
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ǰ˵׵ĶֱӷһҴ͹˾ۼʮڣһ˾ɱڼӵܡ

ؿһףЩ⣬ȴܺõȥףı֣ĲҵǾеһҴͳУһǧһ򡣡
⻰˶Ŀɿڴ
ȻֻһҳУҲһǧһѣڼӵ棬ٵˡ֮ǰһЩּӵܣõĲҵֹ
һһأƺҲЩ֡
ֻʱĿǰûʲôرõĲҵǼҴͳУȥÿ붼ܿɹۣ˵м򣬶һھԺзչǱ֮⣬ҵ֪⼸ѾԼĲҵСǧҩֵڣԾûٸʲôͲҵ
һ˵ͷȻѾԼĲҵֵڣǾˡ
ʮֵķŭ
ĸڼҵӵڼҵ֮ǰûԼһҵ
Ƕڼ伸ʮڵĹ˾֮ǰѾһһ˹˾Ҽʮˡ
ںһǸ˶ܿó
һǲ֪ôȻ顣
ܶһһӣžΪ˸忪֦ɢҶģֻҪˡ
ϸĲҵָ
еļӵܣǰӼǮڶҪġ
еļӵܣʲôС˾мǮռĹɷݣڴع
еļӵܣڼʲôŶ֮ģҲҪߵġ
˶֮һż弸֤ϴ뿪
ɾʱ׿ˡ
Ǽҵ͸˲ҵʱڣĸµĲҵ͸Ҫˡ
мļϼ֤źһ졣
ȵȣ׺ʱ򣬺عϵ¶ɫ
ףҵҲǷˣ㻹ʲô顣мλ϶æﵢҵʱ䡣غܲԼµҪʲô
Ǹҷ˲ҵ֮ǰڼĲҵǲҪ黹ˣЦĲҵǰҵʲǺؼûκεĹϵЩҵҼ̳ˣҵҵʱȻҪⲿֲҵջ
һȺ˶ʱɫˡ
һҲüͷ΢壬Ѿѹף׾Ȼ飬ƺսϡ
Ҳɫѿû뵽˵֣ѵײ֪˵⻰ζʲô
Ҳ׻
ûʸƲģ·ʺ϶֡
ȻŭԺ֮жôŪףǱȴЦ㲻˵ҶˡǰµЩҵʱšⷽĲܣЩҵ㶼ûнӴҲϤԻʱֺ졣
ǹûʣš
ǶʲôˣҪǻֺй
ײǺߵ̣ҶѾôҵˣͲˡҵĶҶô¡֪ĻΪҲĶأ˵ǲǣ
оĳ


161 ٲ
˭֪׵ĶصĶӣ˵ȫӰûбһ
ʵҲˡ
ȻڹؼҵĲȴӪ顣һôŮ棬Ҳ׵ĸⷽ츳Ҳһֱúޱȼʵġ
ףˣһȴǺȻڣȻ׺ܲ⣬µЩƲҪչؼҵġȻ£ؼҾӪô꣬ЩҵļֵҲֵ˼ھǻ㣬Ҳܰڵļֵ
Цˣ֣˵⻰ʲô˼µĲҵôҪչؼˣؼʲôϵֲǷؼҵġڲҵֵκβҵӪĿꡣѵֵ˼ֻЩҵˣܻҲɣ˵ؼЩЩҵ棬ҲԵֵеĲҵֵˡ
һȻҲӪ֮еĵ
ɫѿȴǸ֪ηֻһףµĲҵֵǺؼҷֲġҪҪȥ϶ܡϾؼҲӪô꣬еĹԶҪ󡣡
˶ǵ˵ͷؼңЩҵȷʵѷչڵĹģ
ƺ֪ػô˵ƽеĹͣ˭Ҳ˵塣̶ô˵ˣҲһµĲҵǷôҿ԰ѾżһƵ塣֪żһƵֵʮڣſ϶ܹЩҹҵĹ͡
һû뵽׻˵
Ҳʼ۷׷ס
ʮڵĲҵ˼壬Թˡ
°ĳϾǼĶӣǲһһҲ˵ʲôġ
ǰЩҵʮ棬ʵҲǸ֣ⷽԲ

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һüͷȴǵżһƵˣҩøɣ
ײһû뵽Լ˺һˡһȻƣҿھĵҩá
ױѲһκεϣֻϣһռʱ򣬱ָ̬ȡϧˣռģίһһҲῼ˿ܡ˵һûп޵ķӡ
Ļ֮£Ҳٿ֣ҩԭҵ˵ϴĶΪôҵ棬ǰصҲҩˡĲҵܸãҩζóȥġߣҾþżһƵø壬Ѿ㹻ЩҹҵĹ͡ȻͳһҲݹҲТˡҪٲã
˵ʱ򣬼һһֱģÿһֶһ֡
ҪٲãûȻ˶ǲš
һɫһһġ
ٲãڴ
ؼ֮Уʲôʱٲãڼ²ʱ򣬲Ż롣
Լ¾ôһĲҲû˸ٲá
ǽ죬׿ˡ
Ҳһϼ֮󣬵һٲõġ
ؼλϣؼҵĵ¸֮ƺҲЩ𾪡
ؼңʮλϣǴؼҵƶȣֻҪ֮ͬ⣬ܰ
ףֱ޷ˡһ̲סŭ쾳ɢȥ˶̲ס˼
ϧѾʵͼѧԺʦƣη塣
׾һǿӲƣܹҡ
ʱΪ׵һϿڵһʲôвô
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һ˦뿪ߵʱȴݺݵصһۡ
׺Ÿɣɨء

ػȥ֮Ҳˤ˺üӡ
裬㵣ʲôһٲõĽûгٲãеĲҵлף̱ڴϣ˵ЩҵǲǻҪؼҾӪһʮЦЦ˵ţﻹһһļ⵶
Ŷа취ˡ۾һܲӻ˼
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162 
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ڣѾʩչĻ磬ʱһƳȥƻûеȴǽ´ӡǡ
Ʒ֪ѧЩš
ѧԺ棬ӸѧУν˼飬һҪúȥЦ磬֪ѧԺͨԺͻ죬ߵľ磬㹻ġ
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죬ؼӵܸҵԼλá
μӴȵؼӵܣ䶼ʮϣʮ£ҲһĻƽʱڡ
ڵҲձΪʮ֮ǰ޷ϣԺζͻƵ쾳硣Ȼʮ֮ǰ˺ףҲ˵һͻƵ쾳磬ֻ˵ܶѡ׵Ķʮ꣬ѾǺŽףĿǰؼҹпͻƵ쾳ˡ
ǰϯ˾Ÿˡ
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һ˵ʱ΢ƳһۣƺЩ
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ײ֪ԼͻûãĵҩǴһûһˡ
ʱȡһ£ԲΪ
һܣǰʮлģϾؼ֮УϵļӵܲࡣţҲЩڴ
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µļӵ֮УҪлսҲֻܽ뵽ıԡ
ڴҵĿһȻں¡
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Ϊ֤Լʱ̣ҪЩˣǷ
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163 Ц
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һ׶εĻսʵǸǻչʾԼӶǻøĽ
𣬻սʼˡ
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ڼӵܣܻĻһҫ
׿ԷתҲǺ׵ʵԷҲڹעףϾеļڼӵܣһױһȭҲֺһ¡
ףôܣλؼӵܸߺţʮ㣬һ˲Ӯ˵ĺȲʡ
ɣݣڿվ߱Ƿ
ȭؼӵϻ״һԾǶʳһȭͷֱ׵ؿڡ
׺ȵмڶؼӵʹƣôͨһȭ˹ȥ
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λ׵ؼӵܣɫǱˣоԼֹǶҪˡ
ۣ
Ѿתȫô᲻һĶ֡
˲֪е飬ڶ޼ɵĳЦš
Ӳƴ
վǷųһվȫһ˭ˢڸС
ףͲϳڼӵܱһȭܣȫڴڼҵ

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ֻǸ׵ؼӵߵķһ˳ȥڵ·˼Ȧͣ׻վ˺һûСϸףϻŵЦ⣬ȫĲм
ô̲סʧǳ˻һ׾Ȼһλ׵ķּӵܸ˳ȥѵѾˡӦðôһ㴫ԶûС
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ˣ״СҲ⼸棬һЩһڼӵܷţŪһС
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ҲλڼӵܷһΪܹˣֻ׵֡
һϳ˼һµôҲ൱һ׵ˡȻܳΪĺģҲǿһġ
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Ϊ׵ĸףһ˵Ļɼжô
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˽
˶ү飬˫ȣ
ģǺףٴҲǰ״
ףһû뵽үͨˣ˼

ߣ߹һˡ
׻ʶ˵ģʣСꡣʮ֮ǰ׵ĸƨ棬װʲ١
׸磬㶼ôˡʹά
Ҳڶк׵Ϊˡ׻صѵüһʱС飬Щ˵ġ
׸磬⼡ǡ˵ţ̲סҲСʱɵ顣ֻǻ˵һ룬ȴ¶˽թɫѸȫȻһצͳ׵ļ׵ץ˹ȥҪǱץˣ롣
㡭׶ʱŭ
ȻûôʣǶɵϰߣѾűˡ
תһɾ޴һ͵ؾǵʵָʸоָۣͷǺޱȡ֪ոôǻ£ۿžҪץס׵ļ׵ˣǹͻȻġ
֮ˡ
ϸ֮УЩԴһ
ʣĶɫ˵ܺõʱ򣬸ɱӿ
׸磬Ҫң̫ʶ̧ˡʳ˵ţȻָ
Ҳʶ̧٣˵̫ã̫Ҫˣ׷˵ЦҲǶˣ廹治һĮ
ŭˣ嶼Ļˡ
СʱĻ˵ѾͱѣͬĸĸҪĲҵء
׶ܲʣ޲ûӣʲôġ
׶֪ٵˣذװΧ
Աֻսļǰ޶á
ʱһɿֲϢϱ˳Ŀ˿ΧˣЦȻô뿴ҵЦҽǺúõؿײǷǡ
һ̣״񲡣
һ̣졣
һ̣ҪΪ
ҪԳ˭赲


164 ɨһƬ
˱׵סľ
ȻҲ˾˵󻰣Ϊӻˡ
ôһѾΪȫĽ㣬ǼܱõڼӵܣҲ׶ȥ˹⻷
ϣҪ
ǼȵĻսֻҪͶá
үڿǣҪģ춯֡
߸׵ؼӵܳףһ׾ǵ
Ѿֱӡ
˶ӦûٰͶˡ
ûУų߸ˣֱɣԴԴϵӿֳһɿֲϢΧˣɽͻյӥԳԳݺĵطҪйǰЩһﶼйĶ
ףٴȻǷһ׵ļӵţһȭͺ׵Դ
ҲǷţ޴ȭͷ䵯һ˳ȥǰ˭ǵ·ˣҪ顣޴ֲٶȱȥΧأһ׷ּӵܣֱӾǷ˳ȥ
ֱֹӶѣٶŤˡ
λּӵܵĺ棬ŵ˶Ǳײ˳ȥ
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ܶǰˣû˸ǰһĻ
һȭɳȥһ׵ķּӵܣȻ׵ģǺʵ
ǰƭأ
ܣôôǿˣôô󣿡
ⲻѧǲǿˣ
ûҲܶԿĽ׵˰ɣ

һλѾЦܺãкĽ׵ʵؼҲмˡ
һλҲǽӵţ⺢ӻǲģҲ֪ǲʲôֹô˵ʵڼҵĵӣҪúһ
׺ͺĽ׿һ׵Ĳ࣬ȴ֮
ΪӺͻƵĽףҪʼͨ澭һ޴ż
֣µв٣׵׵ľͻٺܶ࣬϶Ѿһˡ
һһ˵ʲôվûҿڡ
׽ʮ꣬ʲôǲǿˣֻҪкĽ׵ʵؼҵĵλͲͨļӿԱȵġҺĽ׵ʵͲˣּ֮еӵܣҲʵѡ
ɫ̲סС־ȻʵԸҪһˡ
һȭܺɼ׵ؼӵܣһаŶûô
ұߵĹսϯϣһŮȴǰһƺЩϲ
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һȭһȭһŽһţһһؼӵܷ˳ȥ
漫ȵĻǿ׵ؼӵܣǷּҵĻڼҵģһ֮С
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ϵ˾ٰ˳ս̫׳ˡ
ߣֶûУֱӾͱ׸ɱˡ޲Ĺ£һȺؼӵѾѡ
׵ʵں֮ϣŵսԱ棬ڼҵó̲סԹ
ǰڼ̫۸ˡһּҵļԼĶӱ׺ɣŭѡ
ⲻǼⰲŵİɣ񶾵š
⻰һ˿һɫЩԡ
иּҳѾ˳ô£
һ֪ô£Ҳ֪
λּҳϵǷˣһô˵Ҳӣʲôʵ᲻֪һ˶еؼӵܸ̭ˣǲƺõġ˵û׵ɶӣһ֪
ңһ֪νͣǺ˼֡ٲã쵱ڱ¶ôǿʵںŸɡ
ѵģλּҳֱӾǵֱһӶһ
ףֱҵпǡ̲סţ׳Ϊ˳ЦͻȻ˵ʵȻҲܱ˻Ǿϲ⡣
˿ȥˡ
һֻսؼǰֱӾǺͣ˻ս׵Ѿ˳׵ʵòμӻսˣֱӽ
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ԳϣվŵѾʮˣս֪òüȥˡ
ؼҵļλǰһ£ʣļ棬һǻսˡ
ȥ֮󣬻ûлصԼλãͱ˹ȥһ


165 һҪ
䳡ԱߵС԰棬λԼһȴס
λϣϾ͹ΪʲôкĽ׵ʵһ¾֪ˡ
ţ׵⣬ҲǸġ뿪꣬Ȼ˺Ľ׵ʵʵ˺ý
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һ̵װͦأҲûǰǷϡ
ϣһɿµľ񣬾Ǽλ϶Ϊ֮һ
ףһף̲סǷŭ㵽ʲô书ھȻʵ
ü֣ʲô˼
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ѧԺɲʲô깵ʵһʥѧԺѧԺʦǿߣԺɲ⡣̲ס
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ߣ׺ȴٶ͡
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֣ûµĻҾȻȥˡ׵Ͷ࣬Ѿһٺ˵ʲô
ȻȥĹĬдһݣ˵мǰԸоһ¡һȻֵ
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֣ҿɲ㡣ûԺѧԺѧκ书׸塣˵꣬Ťͷߣһһڣ޲öҪˡ
Դ׻εϣȫɨء
ʼգһûдԼԭ΢ôһ㸸֮飬׺ڶԱߵļλҲǿˣǰԸѾûʲôԡ
һ׶εĻս˵ڶ׶ε˶ս
ǺĽ֮Ķսױ˺Ľ׵ʵ֮Ҳû˸С
һĶֽزһλʮķּӵܡ
زͣںĽˣȥ˲ٸѶȵױذɡ
ţΪͬĻȻزȡʤĿܸ󡣡
쿴ʼˡ

زŵŵ棬ס
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׿زһ̽ȥһסزֱۡȻһקǾǰزֻץزĸ첲˦Ȧǰزӷ˳ȥ
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Ľ׵زһоǰˣôֻǺĽ׵ʵ
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Ѿ˳׵ʵԲֹĽףǺײŶԡ
ףһǺΪһ̲סǹƣüһʱףԺͻƵ쾳綼пܡ
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ϲϮʵ̫ˣ
ȡʤ֮һĶֺȻǴﵽ˺Ϊ


166 һ꼶޿γʲô
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ΪؼҵЩӵ֮УϵҲʮ˶ѣÿ˶һ
ֻҪһ׵ģͿԳǰʮˡ
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ʮ꣬Ӷ
ȻģĿʮ֮ǰףʹͻ쾳ϣҲΪͶԴ
翴ףû뵽׻ѡ
һ˴ʮ֮ǰʮѡʮߵڶʮϾԽ󣬴ʵԽҲԽսɹ
ֱӾѡ˵ڶʮ˭֪Ǻ湫ǿģǰһĵڶʮǺʵˡ
оԼȨܵơ
վ֮ȻȫĽ㡣
ףҳĽܿ죬ңûκεʤ㡣
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ã˵꣬΢΢繭ʱҪһ
սֱӳ磬ÿһµʯ嶼ǳƣɼϵж
ɣ翴緢ҲǱȾˡ
һȭ磬ƣֻѧԺһ꼶޿γĻѧ
ȫ֮Уһȭͺ׶Ժ
ȴҪӴȭͷʱ򣬺ȻȭΪƣֱӾǰסȭͷ
û뵽׵ʽȻҲæʼС
׿УǻΪֱָؿڵȥ
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һʽ仯Ĵۻң׵ȴѾ죬ûм˭ܰЩͨʽõ˳뻯ĵز
ϹȲף缱æš
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׺ⶼʽôõ˳뻯
ǰһеȫ·硣
ѧţֻ˵׾ѧš
˭ǰ˵Ƿţܰôͨѧʽõزţ

˼ʮ֮翪ʼٳ
ץסһһžǰ߷˳ȥ
ܶʱȻ
ڻزסˣ
ҿˣҪ߹
쿴羹ȻٰˣոյĽأ
Ұˣ粢ûܵôصƣʶ׵ѧҲû˶սȥģ˭ѧЩʽһпûʲô̫ˡ
ҲǺޱȡ
΢΢һЦЩԺʵѧԺһ꼶޿γ̣ʵѧĻһ㣬ҵרҵָʦ棬ҸղŵǼӣġΪصȽϴæһѧֲ࣬Ծѧѡ
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˵ѧԺĿγ̣ӦþһѧУ
ó׾ǻġ
ǰҲгĻѧó䡣
һǱȽϺѧԺʲôطоţƵӡ

սϯϵһҲĵ𾪣ֻʽϱ仯ԲϹ׽еġмҪ˵ܽɣȻл硣ԱߵļϣҲǼʶ֮ҲͿЩʽ֮
һٻ˵ڶʮ磬ֱӽǰʮ
˿ףѾ˼
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Զĸ¥ϣһüͷ΢壺ðˣչʾʵЩϾԻĻЩҵ϶Ҫջȥһ֪ʵҾͲӦŻص塣
ȡʤ֮ʱһЪϢ
ؼӵܼԣǵıԿ޷׵ıȡ
ʱȥһСʱ׻ָĲˡ
ȳһؼӵܱԽʱԵȥȻֻҪսʮغ꣡
׵ĻĿɿڴ
ų嵽˵ڶʮȻҪսʮغ꣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȷⲻڿЦô


167 VSƿ
غʮ꣬ӵкΪؼҵһּҵӵܡ
֮սغ꣬ΪǾ˼ǵġ
˴εļȣֻǰʮܻغʮǰʮΨһһףȻʺս
վ֮غԵúǷŭףսңڵġ
ҡͷڲ֪һս϶ô׵ġ
Ҳֻӵк׵ʵͬʵغ꣬Ϊû˿ƿԣơҪȡʤֻдѧ¹ǻѧҲãҲã׵ɱﵡ
غΪؼҵӵܣ϶Ҳ᲻ٵѧ
˵ˣһսǿ˭ѧ
漴ʼ
̽ԵĹ˼Уغ꽥ؾ׵·
ˣԭҲͻЩʽغЦ۵֮ϣһͳ׹˹ȥףǰ뿪壬ӦûûѧľѧɣǾͱ۸ˣʶһ¼ƿƣ
˶һʼЩΪĬˡ
ǰĸѧ϶һûѧ
ǰֲǰʩչĶһЩʽ
Ҫ군ˣսʮغ꣬װƲɷ

غһȥʼҪӴʱȴȻ죬˲Ӱ
ȥץغƣֱӾǱȻغһƼ׵ؿڡ
ڵ·˼Զ˶Ǳˤ߻صġ
˻Դվ̲ס𾪵ѧͨ˲ٶȱɱˡҵĻѧôûҲֻܱȫѹơ
غߵ֪ͺã
ս˶һѾʼؼҵӵܽؼҵƿƣһƷƾѧؼܹǿߡ֣ûؼҵƿơ˵ֻҪѧƿƣ֮ͬڣؼӵܾ޵еġ
һȺؼӵţԺޱȡ
ǵļ壬Ǽѧ˭ţơ
λҲǻţȻҲΪؼܴƿѧеԺ
׺غĶսڼ
ƺ֤һ˵غƣ޻ֻ֮Ҫһ֣׾ͻᱻغɳȥ׷ùܵĵ֭ڵķǿȻվˡ
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ǵģҵרҵָʦ˵ѧһѧϰḶ́õѧȥȻ취뵽Լѧ֮Уһ˵ŻԽԽԶҰôƣǲѧƿƣҲܸеԭʺԼѧֵˣЩ⡣
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ַ׹ѧ˼룬еİ֮һ
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168 黹ҵ
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һ֪νͣɴ͵ʲôûзһųϵıԡ
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169 
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׻֮ҲŪ˺ܶ顣
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λɫѿǺһһ£ܿ˾
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һĻһţֻһ֮ʣȻԼԲ¶ȣҪִмҷõúܣļ壬ײҲաҵ书ѧԺ̵ģҵĸµģûʸߡ
һʱЦɱؼӵܣҪ㴦ģֻûĲҵϳΪѾǶ㷨⿪ˣ㾹Ȼҷ
׹Цһ㻹ҵĺøף˵ĻȻһ㶼졣ȫ£ҲһͲԼĸװɣ壬Ҳ𣬴ڿʼԸؼҡͬʱҲһ޸֮顣
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ס
ɱؼӵܣ˼壬ֻһ

׸ܵԺ棬ͱһһƺľͺ׵ؿڡתһΪʵֱ̫ӾǱ˳ȥ
ۣ
һѪ˳ɫ԰ףúݣ
һһҪٷɱ⣡
ǰȥףĵױĬĬı۾
ڴʱһ޵ޣʣ


170 »ҩʦ
ؼҵһ˲һĴȥ
ﴫ
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Һ񿴵˴󺣣˳ˮ˰ļ
ؼҵһϵǷ쳣ֻȻһѪ˳ã⣡
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⣬һλѪˣЦ˰ɣ
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ȥˡλ뵽ʲôոҪץ׵ʱ򣬲ʩչѧ˿϶ΪסԲ˭Ȱ׸ץס˲С
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ؼӵܿʼ֡
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һӰ񽣣̺»ҩʦһʵЦЦԶ
ҩʦô
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һԽӷŭҧгݵװǰɣؼң˭ҲȲ㣬ǵʲôѧԺһһ
ǰ˵Щҩʦһ˵ҪѧԺɫһ䣬һƾ˹ȥȻʩչƣԻҩʦΪʩչ׵һֱӷɳȥ˶ʮԶһͤǱײӣ֪ѧԺʲô
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171 аʮ
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ѧ
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׺ͻҩʦ֪Ŀǰѧûʦְء
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ؼڻĿһļ壬ɶʱô۸ˡ
ϸһ룬ʵλҩʦʵ̫ǿˣغûҩʦĽ׵Ϊؼ֮жûмҩʦһս
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ҩʦ⻰ûиˣЩõףԸҿһ㶼ϲ
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ҩʦѾԹԵ˵ǰΪ˭ɵģΪ˭ɵģǽʲôˡ㱳ЩʦѧԺʲô㲻ˣңҲ˻ʦʦ˻ԺҾͲǻܷ첻ɡ
ؼĶĿɿڴ⵽ĸѧԺʦҲ̫ţˣ
ΪʲôҲȥѧԺѧأ
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˿ļޱȣؼҵĵ̰
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Хһ͹ٵİ׷ߣŻҩʦףؼңҾ͵һûз
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˶ʮӣҩʦХ˷˲᲻صơ
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ôܣ׵ʦôôǿ
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ǲҪһ

Х쿴ŻҩʦЩţɶʱͨôѧÿһѧǾޱȡ˶ѧʵܰҸѹס
᰿˿ϵһѪۣɫ䣺ĸһò̫Сˡ
ǹ۲˻ҩʦôãΪ˻ҩʦʵųԸҩʦĺͻҩʦսǲ֪ҩʦ̫ʵ


172 飬飬飡
ҩʦһսҲ˵ʵ
ǰˣĶ֡
ҩʦ¶׹⣺ףɱǣѡ
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˿ף¶Ŀ⡣
ʦ߰ɣ׿ˣԵʮį
֪ҩʦǲؼңؼҵȫǰվ
ȻѾؼңҲߵĸɸɾ
һпɬΪ׻ᱨؼңûҪЮʲôû
һôһ˿ĺڣҲһ˿ѡ
ãҩʦ˵ͷؼҾΪףƽ£ؼ¾һ治ôʡ
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ҩʦЦСӿʲôոտ˳ؼңһϾ֮飬ͦүǵġʶô棬˲۹⣬ȢԼʦҲϰˡԺúõѧϰ˵һ㻹ܼ̳Ҷаš
Щ棺ʦôֻ
ҩʦһתЦΪȱһԣ»ЩŲ
׵˵㣬ƺҲףǰؼȫȻûжĳޣԹȴ١ؼңѾûˣԺһҲһԺѵˡ
ҩʦЩο룬Ҿͷˡľ޾ߵĸԶԺؼҵʱȻ㣬ȴûǰ㣬ⷽ˼ֻ㾭ⳡѣ֮ضԺǰ;
˵ţԶ
ҩʦͷһؼҵķ¶һ˿ƺﻹڿ

ʱؼңѾæĲɿǼʽȡˡ
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Сʱ˲鵽ѧԺһЩѶϢ
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ѧԺ쾳ǿߣȻԱ񡣡һߵֻѶϢô
ţԬ߻Ӧ֪һЩʲôǽ˵ʱƺмһ㲨ۡԬͻϵʽҪҪϵǣ
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ܺãǰȥɽУһѧԺɽˣôģҡһ˵ʱޱȡ
⡭ԬЦҲģڱһҪǻǲˣģɽС
Ԭ治ϵһԽԽ𾪣̲סǵɽ󷨣һŮǿߣȷԣ


173 ԺҲթ
ԬɵۣЩԣؼʲôԣҿľһŮǿߡŮǰΪ˵ãһƳҴȥҶʯͷ棬ʯͷúõģȴˡʱڶһҾˡ
Ԭ˵ʱﻹЩݡ
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ѧԺ׻ж쾳ʦ
ѧԺԺȻֻͨ˳ƭأ
ѧԺһգϵһûи

Ԭ治֪һʮֻڱܣֵؼ֪ľôࡣҵĸоѧԺԻصʵûŪ֮䣬ؼӵòҪѧԺѧѧԺʦԺŶǿƣ˵ʲô顣
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ҵȵȣǺȻס׵ĻףûؼҼĵ绰
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˵꣬žһ绰͹ˡ
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һȺʦ֮ȫĿɿڴ
ԺҪôɣ
Ժǲе̫޳ˣ
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ʲôⶼΪѧԺķչؼξбѧԺ˵Ҳⶨ׷ǲǣôܻ档ƶװƼƻʱԼԼŻµˣ뵽һжΪѧԺĸסˡ
һȺʦʱû˵ˣԺò
λʦȥϤһ·ݣڵڶ峿ؼҵ˾͵ɽС


176 ſؼңϣ
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һʯͷֵֹĻ˶ԵЩ档
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ʲôָͷضغҲǴ󾪡
ǻ߲ߣСȴߴЩѧԺʦֱʣʲôСֵġ
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ľغĵ𾪣ϸɱֵʱֻоһɱ̲ס˺Ľ⣬ȻֱӰ˵飬̺۵һˡ
ҾͲ֪ˣǼ߰ɣСȵǰǻɽˣǸңǧ߲·
غ˴ʱѾСѧԺˣһѽ԰ĸо
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Сȣ˭ţ˳ˣҹǵ̫̫֪ʲô书ûͷϰܶ࣬һ»ϣͻƵ쾳ģεĻƽˡ
غ⻰̲סһ
ûͷ
쾳磿
˵ǵϣ


178 ſؼң£
ƽһָʱҲڵʦҺϲࡣƫƷ棬Կ˵ĹͷЩ⡣λ̫ŵģȹܹˣĹѾʼ˻Ҹҿ϶ȥ֮ǰ϶̱ڴϡ
ߣֻҪҰһҲܿţ
ҰܿࡣƽһָƵζ
ǾͱȱȣҲЩѧʾţǺƽһָˣغ˾ǺҺƽʦһ½ѧߡ
ѧߣ
غ±ˣɶˣﰡ
뵽ţƽһָ˵ĻʵﻹЩԾԾԵģϾһۿڣʵǷ˼ƵϣǸκεĴۣǶԸⳢһ¡ֻǻЩģһӡ
Сȿĥ䣬æѵʦƽʦҽѧԺ棬ʦҵǡȥĻ˵ѧԺ˵ǵĻҪԺ֪ˣ˻ˣѧԺҪƾˡ
غһ࿴һۣڻӲͷƤȥˡ
غᡣ
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ƽһָţڿƷ漫óྭ硢񾭺ⱻȫ˳
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ҲͻƵ쾳ԭȻʱûдθҽʱҼû뵽ȴ˽֮

Щ֢һҽϳģҲ˶ԺţƽһָҽŲɡ
ͬѧǣĿγ̾͵ˣǻȥúܽһôϣһҪμǡֻ϶ˣ֢ܶҩ֢룬֪ôţ
֪ˣллʦ
ˣû¶ȥɣҲûȥˡƽһָ˵ţʩʩȻľҪ뿪
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غ˿ʱһֱˣȻֱĸо
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֮ǰ֪ã֪ˣŹǧѷĻᡣ
غ̲סģʱţȻΪ˷ּҼҲź߽׵Ϊʮ֮꣬껹ͻƵ֮ġ
λҽغӺž׷ȥ
ǰλҽ߰ضҲǿڵԵʮֽš
λҽ˲˵֪ܲΪҽΣغҧ֪ܲãĻٻꡣ
ǣţ뵽ǵװƼƻϵҡҡͷ˼ûҽΡ
˭ҽΣǸôƽһָǺߵ
λʦһֱûл˵ʵؼҹǸġСȵ
ףǻ̫ˣţһԵúһԱ֪ƽһָȴǱʲô̫ˣԺźõĲŶ԰ɣ˵ؼ۸ףǲ֪ؼҵǲ⣬һӵܳΪѧԺѧǾȻ֪ϧ˼塣
غޱȣضغҲЩ
ѧԺʦ˵֮󣬶ЦˡǸҲЦһᣬʵ̫ˡţ˵󣬾ȻĴЦ
ҲЦƽһָҲڼţЦʵ˲ҹά
ôһ㣬ͰѧԺĸߴгˡ
ؼҺһСһ
ҪԻԺţƽһָһĴָһ䣺װһ֣


179 þѧ
壬غ˱оʲô
ڼʶѧԺ˵һ̺۵ʯͷλҽСƺЩΪʲôѧԺʦᷢЦˣҪǻǣҲЦͣЦǺЦǳЦ
Ȼǲ֪ЩʯͷϵĿ̺۴ˮͽַµġ
Ҳ޹ؽҪˡ
ţЦؼ۸ף֮ǰҽΣҲǲˡ
ƽһָҲǵ˵ͷҸǲңȻЩҪؼҵʦܻһ嶯ȰҸɱˡ
غ˶ʱɫѿ
֪ԼĲ֢Ѿ˸κδ۵׼ھȻᶼûС
˶ǼۣԱߵСһָ¶СħЦݣ̣ҪǸҿ԰Ȱһλʦ
غһСȣ˵ǣ
Сȵ˵ͷЩصҲܣҵһλʦԡ
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Ȼҵİ취ԸĻҾȥһҵλʦˣ϶Ըæġ
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ʮһϣô죿غüʮھԲһС֣ЩּҵʲһҲǼʮڶѣһóʮڣǹ׳һּҡ
֪ô죬˵˵˽£ͬ⣬ҲܸǳȫǮغؼ⻹ֻ˰æǮ忴Ļѣ֪ж١
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СȳɽȥʵûܶԶͿŮӡ
ˣһѩŮһǳԲԲ
λʦϸǳˡ
ˣôô׽ɫԲԲ
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ѩŮʦˣɵͱҺƵĲ֪ϱˣֻҪ֣˵ǾͻѧԺȨơСЦЦý췢̫˼ˡ
ԲԲѩŮ࿴һۣЯֳɽȥ
غ˿λɫŮɽɵۡ
λɫŮߵСȣǻʶġ
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ʦƽʦǣ͸ҽΡԲԲȿڣв
ǡţ˵ʲôƽһָȴס
ҺԺʲôϵҵĻǾ൱ԺǸҲԲԲѩŮʦǵѵ
ǣѩŮʱóһ֧˰ѩ
ʱغڣ˶˻þ֮С
ֻΧѩ׷ףѾ任ء
ʲôӣ
ѧǻþѧ
þѧôܣѧԺȻʦУ
غѾɫ䣬ֻһЩþѧԼ
ǰһĻʵǷ˼
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ˣ̫ˣˣ
ѩŮʱͣӣغҲһҪ̱ϡ
Ѿˣ˵ѵţƽһָΪɶҪȺѧⲻǿô
ԲԲСȵСԴ飬ҸˡһҪȥϿΣǧӿˣ֪ô
λѧԺȨƵʦЩȻֻСȥϿΣ
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Сȵ˵ͷ֪ˣʦ
ԲԲЦЦŴѩŮ뿪
ţƽһָ֪թؼҵˣ⵽׸ҪǮźأ


180 ѧԺ
غ˵ĿѾЩ
Σ
ţߵǿΣҪշѣÿʮڡ
һʮڣǲʮڣ
˾úţ̫ˣҪǷֲġ
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ƾЩϷ绯ˡ
ţһЩ룬ƽһָ˼ҩѵʱ䶼ûСʱ
ô򵥣غܸоЩʵ
ǰô򵥡ţЦЦȥ֮󣬰ҩ˵ķҩȻϵĲ֢
غῴһ¿ҩеҩĵǲ󣬿ǾȻҪꡣ
ضغӵľһ㣬ҲһҪ꣬һҪꡣ
ϵĸֲ֢ջγɵģܿΣֻܿҿҩȫλǵ壬ǵѪǿ˵ܻڶƽһָЦǺǵ
Ϊ棬м
ţƽһָԶ̲סЦ
ʮڣǶʮڰ
찡ذǸѧԺˣ
ǰû뵽ôƭҸոյݼɣ
ҵݼҲ԰ɣ

Сȴؼһ·ɽ
ǰǶЩš
ôĴͷᣬ治֪νġ
ؼ˵ҪԱֵ˵ָƣѧԺȻһ֪
ѧԺ̫ǿˣǰ

ڽĵȴ֮Уﲮ˽
λӦؼҵĹˣѧԺʦ
ʦ
ţԺûлԺҲڸѧϿΣҴǲιһѧԺɣ
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ﲮ˳ȥǵһͱڡ
ǰôǱڴѧѧԺĸʦ
Ŷ
ʦͨԹʵǿ󡣡
жǿ
쾳磬ô

ˣߣѧϿεʦ
һλ书Ůʦ
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ǣʦѧԺѧۿγ̣

ѧԺĻѧʦΪߣǿǿ졣
⻹Ϊߣ
ǰ뵱ѧԺʦûܣٶҪ쾳ΪС
غᰵЩ
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ٳԼĽ˵ǿǿ
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Ǹﲮ˼ȻͷѧԺ棬Ϊʵ̫͡һұѧԺˣ֪ؼԸԸң
ؼңغЩ졣
뷨ҸոոǽôѧԺ飬඼ѧԺĻܣҵĳˡԺ뿪ѧԺȻҪԼı·ﲮ˵ĸһʵⲻֻغ˵Ļѡ
˵ض˼磬ʦһС˼ɾ⡣
һ֧Ʊһڣ
ﲮһ㶣Ժļƻ棬ûڰ
һڣôҲΪѧԺˡ
غᰵͷ¸һѧԺʦû뵽ʦˡ
ҾͲˡﲮİ֧ƱսڴҲˡ
ʦѧԺǸ֪ûʲô飿غӿڣǹؼ
ȻеġﲮŵһЩʵԺؼҵ飬һ̨£ֻҪǱֳ㹻ĳ⣬ȻԻɸΪ񲯡
˻ν⣿
˵Ժ˳ؼҲһҽĺ˵Ĺ˾ô
ĺˣغס
ǶүĲҵضҪʯͺؽģǮڼֵһٶڡ
һٶڣغüؼҿûд㸶ôĴۡ
ԾڴˣǲҵҪǼҪźסﲮ΢΢һЦٶ˵ΪʲôҪѡĺ˹˾ʵΪɽбȽϿΪ˸ѧԺһⷢչĳ·ǰֶѡ
Լһһ˹˾û˵Ŀ졣
ﲮ˻ص˴
ʱֻԶһ𣺡ؼҵ˶ģҪǡ
غ˶ŵɫ԰ס


181 ַ
ﲮ⵱ҲװŻˡ
ԶһָѧԺĽʦ
֣غĵ׿ⲻѧԺԸǸʦ֮һô
ûѧԺʦţʦɱҪĽడ
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쾳磬߽ס
취ʲô취ﲮЦѧԺʦҲǷֵȼģҾ͵ȼʦûɶλλʦǶ꼶ʦȻһȡҪǸȥ˶ûʬ
⡭ѵѧԺû˹ôغüѾŵҪˡ
޷죬̫޷ˣѧԺĹƶأغ̲סǵؼҵϣľǹءַȫǲعأѧԺӦַֹŶԡ
ﲮһЩȻΪ汻غ׼ˡ
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ͻȻԶɳһѽѽֱŽַȥѽĴʯͷʲôģȫ˷顣
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ʵǿߣһټѧԺȻһѡ
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Ժ˵ˣǺؼû̫ĳޣֵĴ󶯸ɸꡣԺµؼҵ˶֣㡣ˮ㻹ǻȥɣɱؼҵˡ
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˴ϴ򵽱򵽶һƬĵطƻˡ
ַУʦˣҾҷŹǡ
˶ǽַΪ򲻹ˮˡ
غҲһֻһ뷨ǾѧԺ̫Σˣһ̣ҲҪзϡ
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ˮڼϷԾ£Ҳʧȥټ
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ԭǻǿؼҵˡĸֶԾﶼҪˡһԺԺԲԲЦЦѧԺӦÿŪٵĲҵ˲ҵǮԺҲ͸ӷˡ
ǰѩŮͷ
ѧԺĴ棬غ
ʮһϣƶµȵķҲֻԸ⳥ѧԺʮڵĲҵոλʦ˵ĺˣֵڣǶүĲҵͬ⡣ضɫڼʶѧԺǿ֮Ҳûʱš
ĺǶүĲҵүø׳غӿеһ˼ĿǰؼҲ˺ѧԺӲܺƽĻҽѧԺҪʲôӦǡҵʲô嶼ûˣҪҵʲôã
롣غüͷζȫؼҺʱ䵽Ǳĵز
ʱſ߽һˡ
ǻء
λõˣԺϾ
ϣѾˡ
һֻһ˴ɽ·ɳٶȼֱǺˡ
ڷһ


182 ؼ⳥
ȳɽ¿ȥغҲſȥ
ǵӰʱ򣬻ػãغȴѾֿһ
ǿֲƣ飡
ǵ۾ѾϣʱҲֻʮѣǵӰ͵ǰ
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غ˿ǣ
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һһ֮䣬ͨ˿춯
ɽ˴Ŷʮʱ䣬ʮ룬ԺȨȵЧͻȥ
俪ڣǾؼҹǸģһ쾳˶ûУؼһûг⡣
һǾǰλԺˡ
غἱæ͵ؼûг⣬Ǻͻҩʦǰһսؼ쾳ǿ߶˲᲻صƣ޷ǰؼҵ֮һضغؼҵķּ֮ؼҶеλģȫԴؼңûг֮˵
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ؼ׵ϣֻǷһССĴԺ˺αؽƽϣ
ҽƽϣǺȻŭֻغһץһƾ߬סغĲӣ㣬һ־ؼңҪǽƽϣؼûˡѧ츳һؼҶ
ԺϢŭضŻˣΪֱ޷
ԺˣؼԸ⳥غҲǻæڣɲ
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غһû뵽˵ֱӡ
ضغѾ˵ǰ켣׵ν飬ôǿʵǰѾʹ
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档
ǻڵԼݣѾЩȵĲͷˡ
ԺˣؼһԸĺ⳥ѧԺغϵĿڣѡﲮĽ飬ĺ˼ֵϣ֪Ժ˾Σ
ĺͦģ档ǵ˵ͷһȤŨӣǾʮֽ𣬾żһƵĺˣؼұʮ֮ڽѧԺ
ǣغֻӦ
һӦͽˣһ˵ţһʧ
غ˿ͻȻʧֱǵǿһ
Ȼ֪ǲǱ͵ѧԺԺѡ

Լİ칫棬̲סǴЦһŪôҵҪĽడȻٲԺҪթһЩ۵ļˡ
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ǱȽϸ˵ǻҩʦѾʼרԱΣʮ͸ѧԺѧ
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205 Сɵ鷢
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ϵͳ˷޿ѧͨܣ֮ǰõ̵ѧͨܣоԼ֮ǰһЩɻѧڻͨĵӣʵһԵĵӣS+츳ѾͬΪS+츳κˡ
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ЦҪʲôѵûпôڱ²£Ҿ²£


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ǵѪùȫһٶҷֹݱҵң߹ݵ߹ݡ
ʵұȽϹ߹ݵʲôˣǵı¿ҪݵĽǿˡ
ǰҲȽϹʲôݵĽҾҶȥ

ֺʱ˱˳ԭ߹ݵ˶һҽݵݡ
ʱݻˡ
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λǣΪһ߹ֱ߹ݵһݣҹݡȫʮҷֹݣʮѧԱЩΪҾӣϵͳ˲ٵ˲š߹ݵһһɽеСݣֽݡ
һСһҼĴݽ棬¹˭֣ĿԴ
쿴߹ݿʼˡ
ݵĸȷ˹һȭ˹ȥÿٶȣҸоһһǿݵλôС
ҵ찡ݵĽȻһȭKOˡ
ˣǣ߹ֱ˽ǹϲٴ߹ݳɹ

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ʦ֣к׵ΪܶԷ˭ζҪԷһɫ
Ƕǻʵߣͨ˾ҲǵĶ֡
˵ʦֻûв鵽˭ڶԸô
Ǻֻ֪еϵ
ߣ˭̵֪Ĳҵôӣ
Ѿ˵ڲ飬ӦúܿͻϢȲ鵽ĸɻ߼ڸݳҪǺÿ

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ݵĵһֲǷ
ѧԺѧǶڴֹݵ⣬Դӵ֪߱ѧȴ׶ﶯ֡
ôˣʲôôʵʵѧԺһڴ̽ϢǾ
磬滹и򡣡΢΢һЦеݣһʯˣͻȻܲսһ˹ᣬȴһоͰʯʰˡ
Ȼˣս˿϶ߡ֮䣬Ū˵ʵ˵΢΢һЦѾ⡣
磬һõһϢδܲʵˣһ˶еݣһǵ˽еݡ΢΢һЦϲӦöߡ
УԾ뵽


212 ץ
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һѡ񶫺зֹݣһѡзֹݣͼƻõġ
ֻҪܰεֹݣڴ˴Ͳõ̫ۡ
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ʵȻҺӣı˫ӦҲ⡣뵽Цı֣˿С
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213 ·ͨ
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214 һ˲Ű
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215 ô㣿
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217 
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ƽ̣̫ˣһҪÿ
ƽ̣һҪǱ𰡣Ǳ˺ü죬ܵصĴˡ

ǺϾĿˣܸоˮͰһΪ͡
ͬ
Ҳڴǣ֪˭֪ЩΪʲô
ֻǵ쾳ΪûеʱЩмһ쾳ļһȻҰ
Ұ
Ѿ˺ܿˣǿһʮ̵ĵӱץסͶǶˡ
ԭ̵ƽˣǾΥˡǿһܳ˵ӡ
ߣ֪ҵ䣬Ȼð̣ץ̵ĵӡʵ
ʲôϵôϵǲʲôˡ֪䣬˵㳤һˮͰܺñϣɲ㡣
˶ʱоֱǸһӡ
һǼɵƽ̣ΪԼˣ˼ѹͲˡ
˼ʶΪֻΪ֡
̣Īķ̡
һȺ̵ĵҲǾǸͲƣֱΪ˴̵ġ
㵽ʲô۾
ʲôһʲôǺȻŭ׳һݣոտҷֹݶѣݾͶˣһץʮǹţƵġرҵݣҲֻǵݡ
ô򵥣ֱ
ݵķֹݣҪҪݡ
Ҳ֪ģԬ֮ǰͨһ
ݲݵҷֹݶѣǶݣ⻹ٱ߹ݵġ
ãԭġ˺޵̵ֱ֪³ôǼɣɱһֻһ򵥡
ôԡһ㣬ҪǸҶ֣ⱻץһʮӺܾܿһغˡٺ٣ⲻ㣬Ҳв㣬ֻѶѡ
⻹̣
⻹в
һ䶼Ρ
˺һһ쾳ΪûеļһȻ˵ִ󻰣ҶֵĻʱɱ̵ĵӡ
ǻ벻⣺ԡ
˳Ĭ˼ҪҪԡ
ǺȻֻʮ˵ڷɳѨ
ǲһѾڷˣҲû뵽˾ȻȻ͵Ϯһð
˵սթɼһߡ
ʱת˫֮ϣһǻӰ
Ȼת˴½СȡϬһָ
½СϬһָܽӵסκαаȻҲܡ
ʮ뱻һһסϸһЩ룬澹ȻǴ˶ġ
ǽס֮ת̵Ṧһһǡ
̵ĵһȲʡ
һ̵졢ԡã˷ӵ쾫¡ؼ˻ô֣ôɵġ
ЦһȴǺܲм
ȻڻûͻƵ쾳磬Ҳֻһˡ
ΪûѧϳǸǲܵ顣
ת˽ϣͬʱԼӿ֮ٷҲϣȻ貨΢
ʱоӯҪ˲˦ʮס
˵±ˣۿߣһȭǵϣȴ־ȻֻһӰ
ȭͷжôΡ
ÿ죬˺ÿٶȣ۾ֻһգͲˡ
ƽ˵ֻк쾳Ϊôôء
̫ˣֱﱤˡ

֮࣬ٴγɱ˹ȥ
Լܵƣֱǲˡһ飺쾳ΪһԪѵκβһŽ׵ߡ
ܿ죬ͷԼˡ
ЩŽ׵ߣܰճ
֮䣬ʩչѧȻŪޱǱ
Ǻսʱ򣬻һЩ̵ĵȥЩץ̵ӡ
һʨӺȥֱӵһƬжô׳ۡ


218 ٴթ
Ҳһʧ񣬱ǵһǵָͨУ˺󼸲
Ԫ壬ûж顣
ֻˣȻûɶܣҲԱѣˣˡҪٶ֣ҿҪ̵ĵӳˡ
һæס֡
΢΢һЦֵϲĻˣǾթ
ԴϴδؼթôҵǾթķư취
ǸܽˣթһҪԭҪˮ׼
һαȽϳɹթҪֱ׳ñؼǴΣñڡ
ᣬȻΪǳǰˡ˿ǣǳޣȴڸǲľ衣
ǿôᣬΪȴôǿ
ܽǣԺͻƵ쾳磬̵вֻ
Ҿ͵ǿ佱ˡνǻ˵°ɣһʼ̵ĴȻҲ˵ݵ˽ġݴ涼ǹ׸̣ҾӦΪݳеΡ
˳Ĭ֪˵ʲô
ҲȥݣҪʲôҾͲ˵ˡۺ˵ȻݵĿɽݵĿɽǾͿϲĺú̸̸ǽѾ̰ͼݵһѧ˴ʵˡ
üͷƺǵ˼Ѿôݣѵ
΢΢һЦȻԶԶ
ɫѾµҪʲô
ǿ浹ŵһصӣֲܲܲˡ
˵㻹Ҫô
ﲻϵؼƽϣֽ׶Ҫ黹ȾЩӡ
ֻҪЩӰȫˣû˹˼ɡ
˿˿ҲͲˡȻݵҷֹݣǾټҸǰɣ˵ɣ˵Ķ棬ȴǱ׵Ĳᡣ
ݲжٵķֹݣټҷֹݣǻǰ͸ǡ
⳥ȫթˡ
֪˵뷨Իԥĸթ
ֱʨ̫ڣ˷ŭޱȡ
̵һҡǮҪǾǣֱǴϸ⡣
ܴӦ
ڵݣǱңǱ߹ݣҾҲûɶôˣԺҲܾӪȥ෴µҪݵʱΪʲôܳȫأЩҪ˵ţݾ͸һ
սȭͷҧгݡ
ô޳ܵˣǵһμ
ϸһ£ȻĻҿҪˡǿ˿̱ץһȺӣ¶׹⡣
ݣãҴӦ㡣˺Ȼ
һ̵ˣԵޱ
뵽˺ܶࡣ
Ȼô̵ĵӱץסȫͶǾ͸ɴȴӦǵκ˾Ȼ˵
ֻҪȻˣʱǣʲôϡ
ֻ뵽Щ벻һȷѡǾǩһЭɣ
ûзԣ׼һֽʼд
д˼ǰټҷֹȫתøǣȻǩӡ¡
ˣǿ˿һֽûзбֽŵĺۼ
ҵױǩ֣϶ӡ¡ҵʱûװȥˣȻ˶̽Ʋá㵹û˵ѣֻǴͷβΪܻŴת顣
˵ĻʵҪתֻһƾ֤ѡ
Ʋ֮ģûôϡ
ΪֻҪ̷ڣԼ
Է˰ɣ˺ߵ
Ȼԡ˵ţתһ뿪
ڵһ䷴Щᣬ⼸ʱŪ˼ǧ㹻ϸ򳡷ˡ
뿪֮ǵٶȲ졣
һȴǼǿ㣬˲Ǻǵ۶ʹӦ϶ûԼȻȥ֮ҲŪټˣ͵ûзȻĺܲҡ
΢΢һЦģĺܲҵĿ϶ңǡ
ǣ
һһֺܲõԤС
ʱѾͣס˽Ų۾ϸһ¡һˣðǰΧ
ûв´ĻӦþ̵λ쾳ǿˡ
ƾԼΪǿߵĶ֡
ԺȨȣԺȨȵһ޵Чܰ˴衣


219 ߣ˶갡
ԺȨݵĴҲϵͳϮ˵Ĺؼߡ
ԺȨȵһ޵ЧǵΪ˲һ󾳽磬ż۷Ϊһ󾳽ǾԪż۷塣
ԪżӦľŽס
˽˵ֵ쾳ǿһЩɴµġ
Ľ׵׵ǿߣܳΪһ棬һˡ
׵ģǼѾΪ˴˵
Ȼˣزʲô˵ƺƵĺԶ
Сӣð̣㻹ߡ˳һʮ׸ߵˣһѺɫ
ͬʱҲˡ
һ̵ʦӣһ˵ʦˡ
һֳ棬ĲУλǰڤ̵ĵӣǱͽЮֹġͽһϵûУɶ֪ҲܺߡλǰȻˣ´ˣúõسͷ֪ð̵ĺ
һ˵ߣǶǾˡ
һ﷭Ǳȷ黹죡
һֵǣһܱạ́ŭ˼涼ˣ϶ǻˡһᣬôģɱ֮һʬΪһѵķ¡һƶҲ御ˡ
̲סһļ򣺡һ䰡Ҵ㲻ɣ⼸թ̵ĵôණҿһֶûҪû뵽µͷ㾹Ȼ˵Ĳ塣ðɣȻˣҵõĺôҲͲָˡ
һȻȫǵ˼
ôĺô
쾳ǿ߶ˣŪôƭ
һֻ뾡뿪Ƿ֮أжԶܶԶ
ûһ䣬෴һʱҪͬžйء
˾˵СôǺŽ׵Ϊѣ㾹Ȼòһͷİ׷еõ˵ķ緶
ǣ翴һֻϣƺһ󣬾ܰǸ
Ҳһ֡
쾳ͺ쾳һ󾳽磬û˵ĸ쾳òһߵġ
ЩΣǽ͵С书죬ǲڶʱȷʵò˴κʦֺʦһʦֺʦʶһ´˵ѧһҲΪԷһЩѧ̵ʵһ¥
ԭ
Ǻãҿ˵Щѧжô
ѾôˣЦ˵˼ңҪҵѧ쿪
ϻˣ֣
СӣǲײĲᡣ

˺ͬʱǣĵ֮ҡ
һ֪Լʱˡ
һҪǿұԶ쾳Ϊ֪ʲô飬ӦúȤɣţźһۣȴֺﻹһӰӣ꣬ܵıӶ졣Ǻòܴչ۷һΣȴڶûУȤ
˺Ѿɱ
ûмſԺȨȵһ޵Чת貨΢
ΪҲס
ͬʱʩչһȴǵӰӶû
ṦһṦٶɡ˿ڵ
ȷʵҲ̲ס޵
˼׷ǣȻÿο᧿ΣȴëûС
ʱܷһ
ͬʱʩչľѧӶǴѲѡ
ѧȻ̵ľֲ
ʲôָȻܽסҵĽ
һȫһأ̣͵ߣ
һһﻹϷĴbossˣƺܵһ
Ǻ˶һᣬûȤ
ĥһԼѧ˳㿴һ̵ѧôĿǶﵽˡ
ҲʱӿǲʩչѧӰһһͻڴ֮ԾζǱϮһǴΪ𾪡
Сӣҳɣ
Ԫ
˫˫ţ϶˾˵ĺâ޾
̲ס޵ĴǱ˶֮ͯ
ߣ㾹ȻܿϷΪŹܵʹ಻뵽ġѾԱߡ
ǰΪоɱߣ˶갡Щ˵ȻԥԺȨȵһ޵Ч


220 ǣֻܰ㵽
ĳŭѡ
ǺȻɫ䡣
һɼǿƴϸǹһ
ΧһжǾֹˣҶƮ䣬˼£ͣ˰֮ССڿжųȴƶ˷̵ֺСݣת۾ǱÿݻմȾЩˮ飬ŻתһȦһȦ
ռƺŤˣʱƺҲڸı䡣
һֲֿ⾳
ԼǳԵָо֮УԪż۷Ϊ˲뵽Ȼ֮С
棬ڣ紨Ĵӡ
᲻ƵĶɶȻһ˲䱻忪˴롣
Ƕô
ЩϧΪǶĻʵ̫ˣȻֻвʮʱ䡣
һӣһٴͨ
̧ͷǰӻڲ
ǱֳΪƽδģѾ֪Ǻá
Цһһָ
һֱӵؿڡ
ӵɳȥʮԶһѪ˳
ʱѾûǵǣ˺£Ƿŭ
ǾһƭӣֻǺ쾳СһغϹ
ôǿΪȻ̶ŷɽֱϹ㡣
ôǿʵһ̣αôɵ顣
˺ҲǾˣεĸо
ǸոպǴսϰٻغϵˣȫǻһһȻΪô͡
ЦǸղŻڴǵ⣬Űץʳϵĸѧ
̣Ҫ̵Ľడ˿ЦѣԼһƣͷβǶûбֳһ˿һľ£Ӧ뵽ˡһʱ̶˸Σա
ˣˡЩԹĿˣƺˡ
ӣֿӣ˲ƣȴԽԽǿߣܻһ
˺Ťͷܡ
Ҳһ
˳ٶȼ졣
ȴǻ벻⣬ֻΪΪʵⲻԺȨȵΪӳɶѡ
ʱֻһӣץסһ㲻ˡץĻû
ߣȻҪץһǾˡʩչ貨΢Ԫż۷ΪʩչṦ˲Ϣǰ֮Զ
ӻڳźţֻоǰһΣǰһˡ
⡭
߲ġ
һЦһֵնȥֱӾǰӸķɳȥ˰֮Զ
ӾѾԪ壬ôǿΪ棬ҲǱ׵顣
䣡䣡䣡
ײʮô̱ڵϣҲƶ˷ֺ
ǵߣӵ˼£ͰȫΪˡ
СʩչķΪֶΣǴӾ澭ѧģһûǵΪƽΪǺѵġʲôΪԪż۷壬ǳֳԪߣȻǰӷŻȥҲǷһ
סӣǷ˺ѾܵûӰˡ
ǿ̵ķ򣬳ХһѾסĻһ
ӱѾЩκǵĻ˹ȥ
׵ĸˣȻֵֻһڣ
ֱڴ۴
˺˲ụ̂ץס֮ȥ̣ԾͶ˸
˶ܵʱȴǿ̫ɽð˹Ũ̡
˺˶ʱĿɿڴǵһоҪյĸɸɾ
ɷ˵ģ̫ɽȥʦǧҵôҲܱ֮һ档
˿̵̫ɽӲѡ
еھȻеתƹضеץ֡
û˷и̵һȺ棬һ䡣
̴ңһĵɽ
ǣֻܰ㵽ˡ̵ĳһƫҪǱ̵֪ҸɵģҾʮҪ̡ϣֵܼڣֻҪɽʧǿ϶ҪȥһšǰԲҸ飬ǣƺЩˡ
˿̵ǻ֪һΪֲֿ飬˿ǣӷѧԺ
˫Ŀͣ׵һ
ͷҪôɥЦǺǵͬʱӸһƿˮ
ǰǰδǰǰ䡣Щ͵˵ţͻȻֱھȻץԼ˭֪


221 Ԫô
ǿӣ̲סЦҲŶ̺Ϊһǻ֪˭ء˵Ҳǹţģ֪˭Ҷִɱġ˵ЩĻǲǾúܿЦ
ΣǺֹǿЦֱǶ˶ˡ
Ҳ£Ҽ򵥵ҽһ£ѧԺԺѧԺôһѧԺעĿǰֻһǼǿ֪ܲε˵ʵܼ򵥣ѧԺҵݵҷֹݣģͱһඡ
Ŀɿڴⶼʲô鰡
Ϊһ׵Ĳҵ̵涼ȥˣǿӵأǿӵء
ô㲻üͷȻѾԺȨȵһ޵ЧӱΪȫһͨˣǷַŰſ¡
ҲӿЦǰҪȥʲôطɱô
ȥѧԺ̵Ǯ֮Ҿͷ㡣㲻õģǿ϶ɱġǵ˵ţȻЩĺǶѾ˺ܶ࣬ܲɱˣȻҲͲɱˡ
˵ˣҪĻơ

棬ڱˡ
Ψһһյɶʣ⼸̵ĵǳԷ⡣
űصһƫںģ棬ڻðź̡
յصĳ⴦ƫסķҲǱ˼ʮ䣬յĻм鷿ͤӡ
ɫʮַŭ
ƫƫʱһöֻ
˭ֻŭôʱ򣬾Ȼôʵ̫ʱˡ
ƽ̣ҵġһ̵ĵֻǿԬģƽ̣Ԭʦִģ˵顣
Ԭ˰Լֻ˳һ򿪣ͿϰٸԬδӵ绰
ƽ̣Ԭʦ㡣˵Űֻݸˡ
ƽ̣ҪԬԵЩ
ʲô飿ھˣҶġǿɬΪݶ͸ǣĸë߰
ƽ̣ǵģҪ¡Ԭæ˵ţģҲ鵽ݱԭҵѧԺĲҵѧԺʵ˲áҵõϢѧԺһʦѹ˻Ĵؼңؼ⳥ϰڵĲҵ
ѧԺѹؼңǴѧԺʵҪؼǿ˳˼š
ƽ̣ѧԺѹؼңѧԺһʦѡͷβѧԺһʦȥԬҵ鱨ѧԺĿֲʦֲԺֲο϶ˣΪ˲ȥҾбҪѧԺ͡
ͣ˷˱Цݣ̲סǺԬԣⶼǳ飬ݵһѧǳôӡǲǺ֣Ϊɶ⼸춼û˹ȥ㣬Ҹ㣬Ϊ˼ѧԺˣסɽ·ץһʮӣڸʦ涼ץˡ
˵Ԭˡ
ˣˣҲˡ

ǴӻһʱŵѧԺһ·֮ϣӶǵĿĹ˲١
һǾͰӸ˻ش
Ӷ̵Ƿ̺ܿͻǮġ

ͬʱѾ˼ȫݡ
ĵһݣҲǰơ
Ǿǵ̵ţȻһתõˡ

Ƶ飬Ǳչȥˡ
νҶһ£ֻһͻƵԪ磬Ѿűչͻˡ
ֻҪһͻƣܴԪ쵽쾳硣
ϥǿʼһĳǱѾĶ
ÿһγǶоԼҪɹˣ죬ǲС
һ㣬ֻôһˡţҪţһԵġ
ҿǺȻȵȫ۵һ飬һһ˶
Ƕһƣ˿ȴǱײķѡ
ŶᴩȫǸоԼȫ
ӵȴǷУе룬ȻһɫҺ塣
Һ貵ĹâǶĿ
ԪôţҲʱԺ֮оȻϵͳ


222 µľ
ϲͻƵԪ磬ԺԻõ￨Ǽϵͳ˵
Ǽ￨ƣǲһ㶣ǰõ￨ҲǼӦԪ硣Ǽ￨ǼǶӦΪʲô硣
ǵġϵͳ趨ͻƵԪ磬һ磬ͻᱻ֪ľ磬ø߾￨ơϵͳ
Ŷǵ˵ͷ֣ǺЩ磬ҿ͵ء
Դĵ·ڸߵľڴ
ȥ磬ȥɽ磬ȥμǵ磬ֻƾԪΪǿ϶ġ
ϵͳûǾõȣشԪ֮󣬽ŵ浤񾳣ӦѧԺĿǰ꼶꼶ˣѧҵҲͽˡһ£ţ൱˵Сѧҵ
Ŀɿڴ
ʲô
ѧҵɲСѧҵѣѵ滹ѧѧɣ
ԺѧԺжĹģֻƾһ򶼲һѧԺΪʲôô˵˻̫ˣ츳ѧ޵ġѧԺҪѧҪôĵطҪôõչ׳
뵽˺ܶ࣬Ǽ
ڶЩ̫ңԶˡ
ϵͳָһЩǲôҪĶ
֮󣬼ͻ
һƵתԪǵÿյģΪȴԽԽǿսȭͷʱ򣬿ֲԪоԼӵһŵ棬һԾʮ׸ߡʩչṦ˷С֮䣬Ȼоӿ塣
Ԫߴͨ澭ȻǷˡ
ְ쾳磬Ϊζһͨȫγһѭؽ
磬һ²ԲȣҲˡ
ǻ˰ʱ䣬ȶסΪŲŲæĳء

Ժ̵ѾˣǱʾԸһڻӡؿѧԺǣǵӵΪţûʵ⿪ΪҾ͸һֱš̵˲֪е飬ΪҪĶְһҵ׸ǡ
Ŷʲôҵ̲סջˡ
ʮҸ߼ݣֵʮڡЦЦ
ǻȻôг⣬ֱתǣݽϣǾͰӷŻȥҪӣݵʱòҪˣʲôۡʱɣ̵һ䣬ŪЩҵѾ㹻ˣҪʲôЩôˡ
ڨڨһ䣬ѵͲǵôô

뿪ѧԺǴֻȻһ䷢Ϣ
ǣ˵û£̫ˡ
Ҫˣȥ
ΪɶȥⶼΪ
ΪʲôЩ֣ȥ̲סȫ顣
ƶΪʲô飬һѻ̣˵ƶ̲塣
ƶΪ㣬£жɣ
֪û£ƶڿԷˣ㲻֪ЩƶǳԲã˯ãҹĶ㡣

ǳȥžȻкܶ࣬Ҳûȥˡ
˼һ£ǲһĵ绰
Ǳߴһǣôιô˵ôôˣưˣ
Ǳͷһһ٣һ뵽һ飬סˣһ䣬лл㣬ԺҪʲô鷳ɽҡУöˣӶץˣ̵˾֪ŵĻҲҶô
˵꣬ǹ˵绰
һ˵ʲô绰æƲƲ죺ʲôΪ˸˵Щû˼
˵֮һ俴˿Χ
⣬ɳ̲Ȼᡣ
ģȫǷ˴ƣȼٵġ

ʱعȥת۾졣
棬ݳ״ӻʧˡ
ΪݸûôǽЩݣʱҲֻܿš
ǵİ칫棬ڰһѷɵ
Сɵ˰Ѱõĳߴġ
ѷɵõĶǺϽϣӲ㣬עȥɵţ̶
ȴǺȻϵͳʾϲ֧ټݵգָǼ￨һţһش


223 ʮ
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ܸ¼û´ĻոעǼǵѧԺѧЩɣ
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ܸڹߣһš
ܽѧԺѧǸӡ
ȺѧԺѧһҹ֮˵ȭţô׶Ըġ
ܸһǧҪѧԺѧʲôίҲҪұţȸȺѧԺѧעǼϣܲҪɽС
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ڲɫ԰ף֪Լ̯ˣ̯ϴˡ
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Ѿȥˡ
ؼǼ嶼ҵѧԺǻƺɾͲĸԶˡ
ѾѧԺô죬Ҫһ紫ƺɱ˵Ϣ޶Ҳط
ܸҲٶ˵ʲôԼΪ֮ˡ
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֮ǰ˵ҪѧԺѧͷϴת۾Ӧ鵽Լϡ
һȺѧԺѧûиΪɶ̬ת֮ʱѾʼѧԺѧעǼˡһѧΪ඼ڲź׺ΪֱͿˡ뵽ǰȺȭŶ˵ˣΪôܡ
עǼϣ˻ˡ
Ƕһ죬ѧԺѧ˲ֵĹء
ʱȥȭŵ飬ѧԺֳ״˻֡
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ܶ࣬еһɣеҪ֮á
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ѧɣѧԺĵȼҲ˶Ǽ
ŵյ˵ʮͶѧԺѧżԼŵɫ
ڽѧԺٴοѧ
µһ죬еѧѾϿΣеĻѡΣеǵ
ΣĴѾ򿪣ѧŶӽ롣


241 ޸ĵΣ
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һ죬Ҳ졣
ҪΪǲ֪Σľƽһ־͵Σ3ľ飬϶㡣
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Ϊͣÿ˵ĵطһ
ɵǣǷԼȻ˲棬ʱ̲סϵͳӻ
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趨ΣʱΪ죬֮ҵ˿
Σ1ľ飬˿Ǳ˱ɡ˾еķֲǸֲ֪ġ
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ӦֻЩˡѧܴ͵λñȽƫԶϲ
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û취ˣ趨Σʱ䶼һ죬βȥ϶ͺûϵˡʱ򣬲鿴һ¹㣬Ȼܻ࣬Žپ30㡣
ȥɣǶΣ1䳲Ҳ˽⣬СһЩ϶û¡οǱͲͨˣɱɥʬҲ֮һ˵꣬ڡ
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242 ˵Ҳ
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ǵٶȺܿ죬Σ2澭İ˿һǿǡ
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ѧԺѧת۾ͰЩѧҵǹ֧ˡ
ŸѧվһţûŪô¡
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һǲҪΪʲôֻҪǽȥС
Τ˹üܲϰֱвĸо
飡
һǹ졣
Τ˹һϸȥ־ȻԱߵһ˿ǹˡ
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ǹѧҲǷ׷׵ţǲ˳ֵԭ򣬲Ȼǿ϶ٷС
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ҡͷַǲУƶ֮еĿ껹ٷС
׿ʣµһֻɥʬȮһųŵµ˨˹ȥֻϰٽ˨͵װɥʬȮȻɥʬȮǶ뵽ǽ档
ǰһȺɥʬѧ˼ġ
߰ɣͷȥʱ򣬱ɡ˾ļλѧȫסˣǿѧԺѧſˮȫڲš
ôܣʲô
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243 ʧܣ
Ǳˮ޴Ϊ͵ѧȥ

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ɥʬܣ
ѧ嵽棬бȽɵһβɥʬԴͳԶȥ
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׿˿ܣûеȥѧֻʮһ滹֪ʲôΣյȴǡ
߰ɣЩȥͬѧҲµġ񵭵˾˱ͻѧԺԺҲΣѡ
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һˣٶȻϺܶࡣ
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ɹˣ
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ˣǳ˸о˼飬ǾޱȵıŤ


244 ԳƺΪ֪
Ѿ̲סʧ˵˳Сȣô
С۾Ǹ˯һʱĶӻ˹еĽˣ̫ˡһΣ磬ͱ͵ҲȥûʲôԵģˡ
֮ʮڶǺεȵԲ۰
ǲ˵һҲǷѾǧࡣ
СȵãʲôûֱӾͱ͵˺Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ѧԺĹСⲻ񣬸ڼ㡣
뵽Сȵĸ۶;ʧܣǸǾӵޱȡ
СȣŮתһڣʵҲʲôݴˡ
ô˵СȣǾͷҪˡǴϲֻҪѺĺоƬߣˡ
ΪʲôҪҵĺоƬǵ˭ô
µ񣬸Ҳ޷磬ΪʱգĺоƬΪһ񡣡㲻Ǹ߼һ˹ܣѾûʵʵΪáǴĺоƬһʱո
һʱգ漰˼临ӵĿռԭеĿռоƼ޷ʱġԼ˼άڼٵתĻ˾޴ĳ
ҲڸǺоƬģ
ҴһʱգֻкоƬǲеģлҪ֧תԴ·ȡе˵ţԴ棬ǿɡ˾з飬һֳء·巽棬йĿѧϣϣǸʱյĿƼӦܹ
СȺ𲻾ʲô
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һΣ˹ܣڻȡϢʹݷ泬Ǹһء
ͼˡ
ϣת۾ҵ˺оƬ
ں棬˻ҵһ֮һԼһ鱸顣
Ҫô죿Сӡ
ԭ·ؾˣ䳲滹ߵɥʬ˭֪ʲôʡţʱһȻԱͻȥ˵ţϥʼ
ҶˣҪٶ찡С˵ţҲѧģĿʼ

ͬʱѾʼû
ʱеطᴫǹƵ˱Ⱦ
ץ˼еҪԱʹƻ󷨣ҵ˱ɡ˾еķֲ
ĶʮСʱȹݡ
һֱţûȥűɡ˾԰˿ĸ죬Ϊ԰˿ĸŮƻð˿ĸӵǿ
ȹ棬һλ΢Ůڲǣûʶʲô
ôôؼңǲǼįˣ
ҲįֻǾЩġ
費Ҫҵķ񣿡
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㻹ñ˳ΪѵҲô
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Ů̲ס˼Ц˼
΢΢һЦ˿ŮɵŮϽ뿪аɡһоͻῪģʽʱ뿪ˡ
ŮȻûȥ̣Գһţȥء
ǳĬǸҸո˵ˣлȵ¡
˾ţû뵽ΣĵһҹǺһŮڿȹȹ
賿㣬ǸڳɥʬֱӲ˱ɡ˾еķֲ
Ůɿɥʬʱʧʲô
˼ǵӣɥʬϲˡ
Ůɫ԰ףΪѾɥʬ˵һˣ޼ɵ˺ҧš
ֻ˺ҧ˼ڣɥʬ͵վǺŮɵķ
ŮŻˣĳˣӶڴŲ
ҡͷǵӷ˳ȥ


245 
ͨףĶ㣬ֻϵĶѡ
ǹעǵȥӱͨĺϽҪӲһԪߣѰƿصˮ׼ϾǺܴģ棬һþͻӻΪĩһڸѧ⣬ƿزһѡ
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״ɥʬüģûһۼ
ŮɱѾŵĻ겻壬ɥʬȥ̲ס𾪡֪ɥʬôģߵɥʬԱߡɥʬϷһ飬󿴵üĵףȻİ˳
ͣ
ױγһѪŮɵϡ
ŮѾϾ˼˿ף̲סʧҵϵۣȻССɱ
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ɥʬۼվվֻһӣǿɥʬǷ׷ױһֱʱΧѾǻɱʮɥʬ
Уʼ׻ҡ
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䣬潨Ĵſˡ
ǿһ𷢱۵òŮӣŮӱΣϵеӰ濴ǸԱӵľޡǹԵЩã紵ĶͷԵúӢˬƺΪսһսʿ
򰲣ҪȵˣҰ
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֪ڶĿȹݣѾܾˡ˵ǵķ飬׵ľ룬ϡܿǵӰ
˿ɻ󣬵þˣȻ֪ȻǺ棬֪Ϊʲô֪ƺ֡ƺڹϵĴ˵棬˱Ϊ֪֪ʣ˵ĸоغǿ󣬿Ԥδ
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ĸڵ۹涼Ҫְгܶǵ۹󽫾֮һΤүǵ۹⽻һˣ˫ǲһ㣬ҲǸŮ٣Ҹƹŵ۹֮ءЩģĵ۹ѾΪǹͬķܶ롣
пܣ뷵¹硣
ǿɲǻȥ¹粻ѧԺĹ֮һֻҪѧԺҪƽ¹綼Ƿ֮顣ĿƲס棬ֻҪѧԺһȻȥ¹ǾͱϹˡ봴컪ʢ͵Ƕһֿˡ
޻˵
½˲ιһѧԺͬʱҲ˷ְ
˫ѧԺѧȥʲʲǲٸʲĹΤСֱΪѧԺĹأӴѧԺԱĳ½ǳΪһ꼶ʦѧͻγ̡
ʱ¹磬޴Ĺ档
۹Ĵ󳼾һԵúǣ֮ŵһȡ
֪ô£½ϽͻȻôʧˣаš
ǰͻأĺܣ̫ˡ
ȱĸҪְλɲҪʲôӲźá
ʱ̧ͷԺ󶼲Ҫ飬ʵ㣬Щ鲻Ϲµġ⣬Ѿ½˿ȱԱǿһ£ûĻ˰ɣ
Ļĵ۹˵һ˶ã˸ʲô
һȺ뿪϶ǿЦ϶ԺٻѧԺڵѧԺ϶׳˲٣һȥЩһڵͬѧ֪ǲǶѾ˸ߵ꼶˸ĳɾ͡ѡʵԼ룬ǲǴˣ

ѧԺ棬ѧʼϵؽΣ硣
ڵѧԺѧﵽ˶ٴأƵǻҩʦôˣA츳ҲжʮӲûгһSS+츳ġ
µһ죬ҵ˺ڿʼ취


252 ҿ壡
ǿźյҵѧһֱڹŷ籩ƼɾѾΪ˲С
Ժ
ڹķ籩ƼϢҵôʱĽӴӦöҵ˽⡣ѧԺѧȥΣ磬˲ٵĿѧϣϢռ˺ܴһ֡ҴЩϣһѧԺ׵Ĳҵô
֪Щ
ʱֻЩȿҪҪʲôϣҿȥΣȡ
ǰһӵϽ˺
Ŀ籩Ƽ˽ҵĶ̬Щ˾ʲôƼǰУָơǸЩϣԽԽ𾪣ΪЩʵ̫ϸˣþǲеԭֻҪ˵ȥӦĲƷ
㿴һСʱѾϲʤԺЩĴһڼļŹ˾
һû뵽ġ
ڼļŹ˾϶ǰеģʽ֧ţѧԺ׵һжޱ˳
Ȼôģһȫ㸺ˡ֮ǰȰҵһ·Ĺ˾Ҫһֵ·壬ֵ·Ϊ˴ʹõģҸļֵ·Ľܡȥ֮ȥڼѺ
ԺҸղſ˵ֵ·壬ʵǾʹõĵ壬еѶȲ󣬲ұ죬϶мй¶ķաȻѾЩѧϿӦĲƷֱչһ幫˾ȥ˵һ
Ĺ˾չô
˾̫ˣչ
ãǾȥչԽԽãڣҪҪĵ·塣
֤񡣡

뿪֮ǷϵͳȻ
֧Ҫ󣺺ҪжѧԺĹܡһǼ￨ƣһöһ׿ռָ
ǿ֮Щɵ
ѣؼĽƺΪͻƵԪƷˡ
Ǽ￨ƾͲ˵ˣԻõ￨ǼһǼ￨Ժ϶ٳ֣Ǽ￨ƾǳ֣Ҳ϶ࡣǼ￨ƹƻƵֻ֣Ǽ￨ƵĳָʻǲߣڶûмǼ￨Ƴʲôӡ
ǳԾĻöռָ
ȻֻһףС˵ӰӾеĶ
ռߣôҲĶ
̲ס꣺ռָоôˡڵѧԺȫѧֻǳ˸оЩŤɶʱѧԺ棬˱ߣ浤繷ʱǲѧԺʵĿ꣬ضԶ

ΪѧԺײҵԱȫϺ
ֻʱ䣬չһҽǵ칫˾ҹ˾ɽУģһչǹ˾ǵϰʹӦˡһ칫˾ÿȥٵ壬ܱһչ׬ˡ
󣬺ʼ֯ʦ͹Ҫĵ·塣

µһ죬˽ݵķչ״Ͼϵɶʱܹɡ
ֻȻ
ǾȵǸ绰ľȻǻҩʦ
ôˣҩʦ
Ժҷ츳ܸߵѧ
Ŷжߣ̲סЦҩʦȷʵеѧƷԣAB츳ѧҲ٣Ҫ˵츳ܸߵѧ㵽ڶûеһSS+ѧ
ҩʦޱȣأأ
ѧȷʵһ㣬ɾ͵ʮԺܷģҷֵѧһSS+츳˵ǡ츳ʱ츳ķˡ
ķϣ
ǰҵ۾Ϲˡ
ǲЩã츳ߵѧһҪսѧԺ
ҩʦ˵ͷǿ϶ģһЩҪԺæ
ǲɵۣҩʦԮˡ
ʲô⣿
ԺǱҲ츳ܸߵѧһѧ˵ʲô壬Ժٷ֮һ쾳硣
ҿ壬оţƵӡ
̲סϲ츳ѧˡ


253 
뵽ʵҩʦ˵Ҳ츳ܸߵѧ
ҩʦ˵ͷǵģǼɵ˾һѡ棬ҾȻ˵ΪҲҪǿûпܡڴҸãѧԺûʲôۿ츳ܺõѧҪɣҵԺϣԺܳ֡
ʲô϶ˡ
һƾʵѧֻпˡ
ԺȨȵһ޵ЧΪ˲ﵽ浤ѹסˡҲֻһӵʱѡһӹԪļϵ˶֣϶ͻ¶ڡΪһSS+츳ѧֵһƴˡ
ʲôطϹȥ
Ҧҡ

ҩʦ˵绰֮󣬻صҦ֮С
ڵҦһԸɸˣһˣ˵ǰ겻ţõϢȻ֮ͣ츳뵽С˵ģֻҪúһһʮ֮ڣ϶ͻһ쾳ĸ֡
ʵҦҲ壬ֻҦҵүһλɽɢޣλɽѾ쾳磬׵Ϊʱ꣬ɽٴҦңȴֵʩλҦүͲˡΪ˱ҦңɽҦҵӵ֮ѡһΪӡ
ҦҲһͨ壬˵ɽҪͽƨƨߵİ˶ټ˹
ɽٸЩҦӵܼʵʱ򣬳ϵķһ塣
ǲ˵顣
ɽʲô˵ҦӵΪҲͺˡ˭֪ɽֱ̫Լ̵λҦӵܣ˵ӵܣϾԼ쾳綼˴ˣ书ؼԴ棬ʵǷȱúܡ
һԭҲûмûˣ̵λҦӵܼꡣ
ɽһ˵ľٶȻ֣ͨǼɶ˹ѡһʵλҦӵܰʦһҪʦɶǰ˷λΪӣҩʦҲϢܹġ
ҩʦ֣Ҹղſ绰ǲ֪ͨʲôˣֺһ˿ϷʣһǼɣ˵䲻ģǸûʲôϣҪ֪棬вٵǼɣҦҵɵˣȻῴѧԺ
˭Ҳ˵׼ҩʦһЦתȥ
ߣƢǺܴ˵ʲôѧԺţһȺѧԺѧ˾ͰȭŵͳץȥˣֱڴǵߵɵһλϣҲ˵ĳ֮һ
ѧԺѧ˵Իҩʦкɫ
ƶѵҩʦһˡ
Աһλֺʱ򸽺͵飬Ҳ˵ˡѧԺһȺѧ飬һȻûҹܣֻǸѧԺһɫѡǴؼѧԺ˿ϢѧԺ
ƳЦƨؼңЩ嶼ʲôʵֵһᡣΪ˹˼һǵ棬ŸһµλãȻǵλӡ
֣ɵʵ϶ǿġ
ǳ֮Ϊ˲ɻȱһӣ¶ǳɣûһ壬ʱѡ˵λ棬һ˼壬⻹ҪĴÿֻЩûֻһ˵ɶʮ˳ˡ
ҩʦ뿪֮󣬼
˽⣬Ҧҵ棬˵£ĸˡ
ĸʵɣмǼɡ
˷棬ĶףҲԪõһȴǴﵽԪ˼
ҩʦԪʵλԪ˼ǿһսʵʤ㲢ΪԪԪ߼һҩʦܶԿԪ߼ǿѾǿοԪ˼ġҪΪ˶ԸλԪ˼ļһ
ҦҵĺԺ֮Уֻ׼׼
Ҧҵλű㱣ǻҩʦ֮ǰһΣҲ͵͵ġ
ˣλŽҦңҦҵڼӵܣҦҵݡ
Ҧҹ¶һʵҦүӵҦүӵŮŮˣͱҦңȻҦ
ǰҦҸо£Ա
ڣԴ֪Լ츳ԺעΪ˵ģЩһˡ


254 ҦңҦ
ϣҦ׽Ҧˡ
ߣǰҦҵʱ˭Ҳ˵츳ԺܳΪ쾳ǿߣͽҡﲻ֪ǵ뷨ҴҲΪôǿЦʲô˶ܳɵģȥɣ
ҦҺ緢ҦҵѾʼвм
ʱ߽ˣΪ׵ҦҵүүҦҦ֮൱ڹ̵ҦңҦүӵĶҦʡվŵɽѾͷѩף࣬Ͼ쾳ߣҲһٶҦʺɽĺ棬һʮͷꡣ
ˮŵ壬һ˫鶯ӣԵú¿ݣ
Ҧҿ˹һ
ԲںҦҵˣɽϾ׵ĸ֣һɽ·ģ𾴻ҪġֻڵҦҾôɽڸǲ۾һ˿ڸԼʲô˲ģֻҪʱ䣬϶ܳɽ
үү
ܸ磡
ǰ
ҦЩƤЦⲻЦôпչˣǲʲô飿
Ҧʵʱ򿪿ڵû¾ͲܹôҦҳһţǿǼĸ֡
Ҧ⻰ϴ΢ЦȴЩŭ
ʲôҦҳһţɲҦҵˡĸ磬ᵽҦҦ˵Ҧô꣬һֱûʲôСҦҵ֣֮Щʺͳޡ
ҦһԱ
һҦǰֲȫ˳⼸вҦҵ˱ѱ
ɽƺҦ۾ĲͣڵұΪͽΪиĳɾͣŰɡô˵ҺҦҶж棬Ӧö˽⡣ѡĸɣҪ˴Ӧ顣
Ҧʵ¸ЦСҿ϶ˣǲǣ
Ҧҵ˵ͷȻǣҦҶжȻҪүүýܸҲ֮·ôѡɡֻҪΪܸ˵仰Ȼýܸһɵġ棬츳϶õɵĴʱŽܸ綼⡣
ҦʵЦЦʮ⡣
ɽ˵ͷúϢƹ죬ɾ͸õˣʱʱ򡣡
ҦҵͷôǼѡһҪء
ɽҦʵÿߵҲ죬λܸȴ
ܸȫҦܣҦҵļ̳ˡ
Ҧ棬ҦҼ£Ҧ෴
һҦҦҵļ̳ˣ˵ҦҵһжġҦҲŲѾƹ˲ٵļ⣬һСҦǰǸҦܵСܣҦܴӣҲѧ㶫ȫߵ˹
ܸ磬վˣҦָָһСʡ
ˣվŰɣҦüͷ΢壬Ҧһôߵ̴ľӣСô£ôҦѾˣҦ⼸춼Ϊ˳Ϊߣһֱ̲ѡ
Ҳǣܸÿ칫ңվվҲáҦЦЦֱĿС

Ҧҵסɽɫ΢䣺Ҧӣû뵽֮֮ǰȻûп
Ҧʵ´ʱҲЦˣֻҪӦСһɾͺáҦҪΪңҪСܡʵԸ⣬һϣСܰΪʦ
ɽҡҡͷҦӵܻãҦڶѾ˶ʮ꣬ʹѵ͡ҪҦܳΪߣĺѡΪʦһ˿ܶûСҲֻеһ棬취׾ϴĵҩпܡ
ʮſʼˡ
Щĵӣ츳Ȼʮ֮ǰ뿪ʼʮ֮ǰҪС
Ҧҽʮ꣬ȻҲЩˡҦӵ壬ֻҪ͵һ֮ھȻһһףʮ֮ǰϣ쾳硣ò˵ʱһõ츳ϱʮٱŬ
Ҧʵ³Ĭٶʲô
µһ죬мɵĸҦҡ
ôҦҶд
ǻһʱ䵽ϣȴǻûеҦҡ
˿̵Ҧ棬Ҧʵüͷ΢壺Сңδ̫̰ˣȻҪҦһĲҵ
Ҧ΢΢ЦүүҾǳΪ˴ɵĵӣ϶ҲٲǮĵطҦԺܲܳΪңҪңͶʶҦʲôԺֻҪڣҦһʮĻر


255 ͵
ҦʵɫҦһ˵ĹûʣҦı֣ȴһ㶼Ҧҡ
ɽ˵ģҦҵıкܴ⡣
˼һ£ҦʵǿЦСңʵҦҲûжټҲҪԺҪǮĵطҦȻȫ֧㡣˵ģСһҵӣܳΪߣԺܳΪ쾳ĸ֣ǴΪˡ
ҦüȴЩŭ
ҦʵȻ˵ί񣬿Իǻؾ
үү˵ĻҺѰ찡ҦҼװ̾һŵԺ˴ɵĵӣٶһЩҦҵӵܽȥҦһԾΪеĶ塣ǿһôͶʵӣʵûɶˡ
Ҧʵһ֮ЩĶ
ҦܶһЩҦҵӵܽ棬ҦҾлָߡΪʲô壬Ϊ߱Ƚ϶ôҦʵôҦܳΪߣʵҲֻϣҦѧ֮Ҧҷչѡ
ҦҾҦʵѾĶүүϸǿǣҦһʺܻ
Ҧʵ³ĬЩҡڲ
ɾʱҦܴһ˹ҵܣҪҦӵܶΪɵĵӣ˵ҦһĲҵ㣬ȫ㶼û⡣㶼ûȷΪĸɵĵӣ˵ǲеˣҪΪ˴ɵĵӣֻҪһҦҵӵŪ棬ҦҾ֧һĽǮô
Ҧû뵽Ҧܾݣ⻰Щŭ
һҦһĲҵȷΪ˽ɿǣϾǳΪߣǮƻǺõġ棬ܶطҪ㣬ҦҵĲƸ֧ţ˳˳ˮڵʱܴܲһЩҦҵӵܽɣҪ鲻鷳ˣ̫鷳ĻǾԲġ
ҦͻȻ֣ҸһĽ飬ҦҵļƻȫƲˡ
һҦҵӵܴɲܻһǮƣһҦҡҦһҦҵӵܶ벻ɣһǮ̲ɵĳڣʲôҦҵ˽ɣʱǡǡȱǮʱʱҦҪǮ˵Ҧҡ
үүôҦһЩġ
ǰС˵İɣϾɶûнȥǼ֧ķչҲЩ̫ˡҦʵ³˼һ£ոЩˣҦܵĻѾ
ߣһ£ˡҦ˵꣬ɫ˳ȥ

үүСǣҦҲһġҸҴģͶٶ࣬ԺҲʲôرҦ֮Щŭ
ҲˣҦȻСҦģǶҦһж֮ĶûСı⵽츳Ҧ֮˾˵ԵԺĳΪߣǻˣ˵Ժ󻹻ΪҦҵĻҦʵ¿˺ԶϾҦҲҦҦԺȡҦҡ
үүģһػסҦҵġ
Ϊʲô츳Ĳ㣬ȻҲôˡ
үүǰ˵ô츳ֻһ棬ؼҪŬ֮еǿߣɶûʲô츳ġҦȱ˲ֻҪߵĴţһúҦҾ츳ԺҲδؾһǿȥҦһš
㡣Ҧʵµ˵ͷοҦңѾˣ׵ǮáԴǮƻȡʱ㾡ҦҵԴ㣬Ҿͻ޷һߡҦɣ֮ҲͲˡ
ţ͵ҦûҦˡҦܵ˵ͷ
˵䣬֪Ǳһˡ
ҦұѾˣ֮ȷʵҪǮƣǾҪ󽵵һ£ٿҦʵ´𲻴ӦֻҦû뵽Ȼ˸ղŵһζԻ
ʱҦңзŭޱȡ
ûмųȥתߣܺã˵壬Ǿͱҷˡ
ʱɵ㵽ˡ
Ǵ˿ҲˣҦʮ֮ĵطȻҩʦ
Ժˣ
ҩʦôˣ
ĿǰǺܲɶڱصáм˵ĳɣе⡣
ǣģе֮Ǿߡ㻹ȸҽһҦӵܵȥҲиס
ԺʵҲûиҼҦӵܶĸҩʦ˵һޱȿӵĻ


256 ֮
ʱҩʦʲô˼
ûŪôģ
һҩʦѾĵ׿ףˣɲġ
ԺҲԭġҩʦЦãʱҦѾˣҦǸӵܶûмһ͵͵ǱҦԺ棬еļ⡣컹ҹҽȥ֮󣬷ּסҦӵܵӣǶѾ˯Ҽʱȷʵ֪ĸĸ϶Ҧҵˡ
һȻģǿ϶Ҧҵˡ
ֻҪҦңǿ϶ܲġ
ҩʦʱҷһ£˵츳رõҦӵܣסķӶݣұһҪúܶ࣬Ҧҿ϶ǵϵӵܣݲһ㡣ɵ˶˵ʲô壬Ҳ²Ǹӵ츳ҦӵܣӦþ츳̽ʱ򣬺ķϵλһȻҲܺ죬ȴ˲١
ǵ˵ͷ˾
壬츳ķϣһк
ҩʦҦң۲һɵķӦпܵĻҪ취ȷ츳ȽϺõҦӵܶ˭ңһʱȥҦңʱڰҪˣҲʤһЩǺܿö⡣
ǣԺȷҦˡ

ҩʦ뿪֮ǵ˸һұס¡
ڶһ磬Сꡣ˿̵ҦҴԺ棬һмʮˣЩ˶泤ϼΪǿһ˽³ŵĳϡ³Ѿһٶ䣬ͽǴţҲǴԼ
ǲǱ뵽Ҧ֮УΧ
ԪΪҲףҲֻΪյӵģɡ
ʱ䵽ʮ㣬ҦԺ߹ĸˡΪ׵ɽɽҦҡٺҦүӳŵҦܡ˿̵Ҧ緢һֶµơһĳǰȥ£˰еĿⶼͶ䵽ϡ
ҦΪģǱҦүŵһԵλá
ҩʦϸһҦңȷ츳ܸߵ֮һǲ츳ϵλȴһʱҿ϶ˡΪҩʦǳҹеļ⣬ʵǿֱܷҦλ츳ĸߵ֮һ㲻ˡ
ףǸˡ
ҩʦƳҦүӺҦܣȻķҦܺһҦ츳ܸߵꡣ
ɺϵǣҦܺҦүվŵλԱߡ
ֳϣĶǸɵĸˣΪǵҦүӺҦҲֻվⲻ۵Ľ䡣ھĵȴҦѡýĸɣȻҦҾټҦܣҦһͬɡ
ҩʦ΢΢һǾҦԱߣʾһ
Ǳ˵ҩʦϹʲô͵ؾһ߻ҩʦĿ⣬ĿҦܡ˼һתѾ֪˻ҩʦ˼Ӧþǻҩʦ˵츳ܸߵ֮һҩʦʾ⣬̽һ
˼һ£ǺȻվ
˿ҦܵҦҵλСӣҪȥһ²֪ܸܲҴ·
ҦһһʱȻûзӦ
Ҧʵ´ʱҲѾע⵽ǣܺΪɶǿôᣬȻɵĸˣȻҵǰϾ͵ҦѡɵʱȥĻ˵ȡŵĻᡣ
΢΢һЦѡɣô졣ҼӾͻ顣
Ҧʵŵ˵ͷǻҦôϾҦֻһͨˡҦҵĻǴҦҸȥġ
Ҧǰ·Ǹں档
Ժ֮ǵᴥһҦܵ塣
ʱֻһݳǵǰ
Ҧܡ
䣺21
츳S+
ϵͳ飺֮壬Ϊ¯԰תΪ֮
̶̵ļݣ򵥵ؽܣȴǴΪ𾪡
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ȵȣǲﲻԣ
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ͨڲӵ֮壬ܽһתΪ֮Ҳ
һʲô澭˲䶼ܸƿ
ӵ֮ȫǱ˵֮˵ѪԼظı˵ʡ


257 ꣬죿
Ҧܷǵ쳣Щֵǰôˣ
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ܳ
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ҦһǵĿסˡ
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ҦңɵĳϣȻʲô˵ĳ£ǵʵɲκǼɲֻҪɣɵκνѧϰԵõ̫ϳϵָ㡣
ҦңɣԳΪɵһѡˡ
ҦңԴֻ࣬ҪԸΪɵĵӣԺǰ;

ҦЩɵ˲ֿ˻
ͷβûпڣһ³һǽϹһλ쾳ǿߣһǻҩʦҩʦûпڣҪΪҪһǵ˼ҲΪˣҦҲһֱû¾
ߣΪΪôҿܱﵽʲôʱ򣬵ѡ˱ɣǱڡ
ҦиɿװһЩĶӡ
ʱ³סˣڿڣҦңŵĳϡ˴ҦңΪյӣҲΪԼֻҪԸţҿΪŵӣϤĽ̵
仰һΪ֮𾪡
³˽׵ΪǼ涼ܳƵһ
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һ˽׵ʦõ
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ɾʱһ˿ˣߣ˽ʲô˲ģԸɣұ֤֮ڿԳ쾳硣
꣬죿
˶Ǳһ⵽˭Ȼ˵Ļ


258 ʳ
ϸ߶һɵ֣˶һ
֮еǼʮҪ˵ʵǿģǿ϶ɡдԣͻ쾳ǿߡ⣬óҩȻ֮ҩϡ٣ϴ鵤ҩв٣ַһžʮΪĵҩ
ȻҲȴԶɡ
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ҦѾ˽֮еɻ֣һɵ־Ѿѡɵλϱ֤ڿԳ쾳磬ɱȰ³ΪʦʲôпԳ쾳磬Ǿ֮Žס
˱һЩȡһ¡
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ƷеӵҦң˭Ҫ˭ҪŲϡ
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ȵȣ³ȻվɫޱصĵӣҪ̳²ģվǲλɵĳϣ֪ɷһӣҦøҡҵΪѾʮ겻ôһֱһӼ̳һѧҦúʡ
ʲôҲҺѸһӣȴһЦȫ³˽׵Ϊ
Ȼ˵Ȼ˲ӣǱǿˡ³һϵľٶȻһֻץҦңǿưߡɾʱ򣬺ϱһɿֲϢǹڳˡϢ³
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259 ϲ㣬㱻ѧԺ¼ȡ
ֻһ仰ҦҾͳΪʸ֮ġ
˿Ҧҵǰ;ϾҦҵ츳϶ͻƵ쾳硣ܽ˽ύһҦң˿϶ԸôѱҦҵô⣬ҦҼȻѾɵĵӣҦҦܵίüͷ
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үүҪ˵ˡҦסҦʵ£˿ҦҵҵܣЩڿȻҦôԲ㣬Զ뿪ҦҰɣҦҾ͵û㣬ԺҲ˵ԼҦҵˡ
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ʲô˼ǰҦҸҦҰ
Ҧ˵ôǰˣɫݣ˿ĻңʵһҲǰͷԽԽҦˡҦܲӵôߵ츳һʶˣԺֻҪΪѧԺѧʮҦҲȲϡ
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ҩʦ˵ͷͬܵǣԺ
˿̵ҦңԼȫҦܸѹסŭѡ
Ҧܸո˵ĻǶʮֵĲʱ˸뷨Ȼ󲻴˷Ӧ͵سźѹȥ볤ΪСʱ͸ĸ˫ƱҦҦҶжʵҦйѡ
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һŽ׵ĸ˵⻰˵ҦҶΪ
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ҦȴǳƽۿҦңҦңڵģΪΪʹĴۡ
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ѾЩãоԼȨܵƣȻ뱨ǲ֪
˵֮͵һӡ
ֻҦ׻źֱֱķȥҲʱ򣬻ҩʦˡŷɳȥҦܣָһץסҦֱۣܵȻɵؽסҦܡһڣҩʦ֣϶ҪˡŻҩʦĵǳϷƺŸոտʼ
лл㣬ǰҦվ֮󣬻ҩʦҦܼһ壬ûܶôصƣӦǺѲûɱϾԺѵΪ֮ͥɱһͨˣ˵ȥԻ𡣲ѽѵһҦܵġ
ллͲˣҪ˵һ顣ҩʦЦЦ֮ɫ
ʲô飿Ҧܺ֡
ġϲ㣬㱻ѧԺ¼ȡˡҩʦ˵һ˶±ƵĻѧԺ¼ȡˣ¼ȡ˭ҦôؼѧԺڸʲôǲҦôô¼ȡҦܣѵǹɶŸɡ
ѧԺҦһѾǵһˣƺ֮ǰһҪ¼ȡǸ˻ѧԺԺǰģ
ǻм٣ԺѡеġҦҼɣֻҪΪѧԺѧԺҦʲôЬ䡣ֻҪ΢Ŭһ㣬ʲôɵĳ϶Ҫڡҩʦŵ˵ţȫΧˡ
ȴǸоԼ۱ˣѾʧˣ˼ֱǷˡ


260 Ժ㻹ô
ǻҩʦ˵Ļǰƺѣɡ
ɵƱͶѧԺе⣬ѻû˵ʱѾָŻҩʦѧԺһССĶǼɶѣȻ˵ĻڳĿɶǼɣŲһɾѧԺ֮г
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ͨ죺ôѵ㡣
Ҳ׵ΪֳǼɣѧһССɿԱȵġһֱΪ֮ͬڣҩʦ϶Ķ֣ŸҶƻҩʦ
Ƴ֣ҩʦܵԹҲ˳ѵңҲѵҲþˡ
˵֮󣬻ҩʦӭȥ
ѨʩչޱѧչֳµƾʩչɵľѧἴӡȫǶ֡ţҩʦϵָͨƺ޻֮˵һĻ˶Ŀɿڴ
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װģҸ֡ĵģһΪӮһ
ʯͷԼĽŰɣɨˣѧԺλʦҪˡ
ǰλѧԺĻҩʦȷ˲ãʩչ书ײ˵սҲǷḻޱȡ

Χ˵ۣһѪ˳Ȼ֮ǿ˵׵Ϊ߽Ҳʤ⵽ʧˣٶȥҿ϶ӵĶˡⱾɵ飬֪Ͳò֡
һᣬֱ˵˼ʮ׿⡣
ûߣǿ˺ѣȻʮֲҪ˵ϣǰ˳ԲѷȻսɵϣҶȥˣԲų֡Щѵ㻹Ӳҿ´ˣ֪ǼɵЩǼɵ³
⻰˵ģƾȻĲ
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ߣһ֣ǶҪ군ҦһЦЩĿҦܣ˼ҪΪѧô
鲻ˣʦƺǺѵĶ֡Ҧﵣġ
ο㻹ܱߣʱ͵Ϯҩʦ
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˶ҡͷЦҩʦ˵Լγǡ
Ǽǿɣʵ̫ǣܸѧԺ֮֡
Ժ㻹ôҩʦȻȴǺ˶Ϊ֮һ㶡
λѧԺĻʦں˭
Ժλǰôû
λʦȻа֣ǹŪɣһǼɣô쾳ĸ֡
˾ɲʱһ޵̾ϢðɣǽҰɣ
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Χķͣˣͣˡ
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㣡ã
֣ػһ͵غһѪ˳


261 ϳΪ
ѲɵӣƾƾѹɣѪʲôΪ
쾳磬ȥɣ
ûмĸ쾳ӵôǿƣ뵽֮ϵľ磬һ򣬲ûˤľ磬˵Ǵﵽļ£֪жŽףҪ˵ŽͻƵһ磬졣
Ϊʲôнĵλɳͻ쾳ǿߡ
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ȻһСС׼棬ּĴڣһˡ޵Ķˣ֪ĴڣҦҡʲôƨ壬ͻƵ쾳Σɶһ쾳粻࣬һ١
ͬ𾪵ĻɵЩǰˡ
ǻ̿ޱȣЩոնѧԺԲѷˣѾŵĻ겻塣
ǲѾĵǰҴˣˣ
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һߴһӰȻ֡
ĵһǸûпǰôֵģԵ̫ˡĿλ˵֮ʱȴǷǰǱһ㱡סˣôСȻǣԺȨȵһ޵ʱ䣬Ϊ˲ﵽ浤
ΪֶԳΪ˵еĴڡ
֪ʱ䲻࣬Ҳ˷ʱ䣬˺ѺƣЦڮѧԺӰѧԺһҶѧԺʦ֣ʵﲻ⣬ѧԺԺ壬ϳǵΪάѧԺϡ
˻һޱȡ
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ƺͺѶѾɫ԰ףǺò쾳磬ϳǵΪ񲻾ͳ˷ˣִɱǶҪֲ֮ôʵҪѧԺϡΪѧԺԺһôǰֻ֣ǲʹĽѵһˣԺҲֵ̫Ǯˡ
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ֻһһʮ׶೤צֱӰѺѸȥҦҵļݶƷˡҦҴԺһжɵϣԿˮ̾͵ĵ׷ѿһѷ켸ʮԶ
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˭ɵȼӵǿߣѧԺӦƸΪǼ
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ǵ˺ߣһ˺ѵĵ
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ŵɪɪ֪ҪԸĿ϶ˡһ뵽ԼҪϳΪֱҪˡòײ쾳磬ɲΪˡ֮£͵ҦܡѧԺȻҪҦΪѧҲҦܾͿвǰλѧԺԺ
ƣƵľٶָһȻǵָͨ
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飡
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ʱҦߣ˿ҦܣѧԺ㣬ɣ
Ҧ崺磬ǳ˳ݡ
ʱͻȻҦҵǰ츳ԸѧԺΪѧԺѧ
Ҧҵ۾˿֮ɫ
ѶϳΪɻҪҪ˵ǵǿѧԺţƵġ
ǿһҦңȴǳЦʲôѧԺ㣿
츳

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262 Ǽɣ֣
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ǲ֪ô£ǳʹе츳αȫǺγɵġҦСʱҦѪҦܿӵ֮츳ѪҺҦҵ壬ΪҦһ֣ջ֮ظҦҵʣʹҦγα츳
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ǼҦS+츳ҦֻA츳
ȻA츳ѧԺҲǺܸ߼츳ˣѧԺA츳ѧҲһʮˣԺֻ࣬ҾԵøֵһˡҦңǵ˵棬˵ɱҦңˣҲˡ
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ģ́ͷʱ򣬷ǾȻˡ
쾳ǰ˲ѰܣΧǵӰ뵽ǵΪټӰȥٵֶΣһʱҲӵľ˻ͽһǣˣһѷĳŻҩʦΧ˹ȥ
һȺ˲Żҩʦƨòġ
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Ҧܣ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ȥѧԺɡ
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˲עʱ˴˺ѺҦңǼҴҵ뿪Ҧҡ
֣û뵽ѧԺǿԺһɽЩû뵽ᷢչֵزںѺƳֵʱΪΪ£ѡ˳ĬоԼһųƺΪôĸԴ
ΪոǾԺȫʵôҩʦȻ¶һصЦݡ
ѵɽޱȡ
Щ鲻˵˵ҩʦЦЦʮֵĹ졣

ͬʱѧԺԺֵϢ˴֡
֮У۷׷ס
ѧԺԺȻǳԽµ̫˰ɣ
ǼɣҺǺˣѧԺԻ
ֲϴؼֻǸѧԺɫԭؼ֪ѧԺʵӵ
Ժ֣иѧԺǰ

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һЦѣһᱨһѧԺڿǲˡѧԺλԺǳԽµĴڣ˼Сֲ׼ѧԺΪͻͽһѧԺ棬벻ѡ
ؼҵһԺ档
غɫѧԺȻǿǵܻܵ˺ˡ
غʵǱȽϵĵģϴζһ٣֪һ׻𡣱ǲô׵ģϾѾͻƵ쾳磬׺ܴڶȻѧԺĻҪǿ׳ûôѡ
غ֪ڵΪˡ
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˲ϵزźһ㣬Ĳһ㣬ֱˣڹ̶ѾˡѧԺһӣ˵ȺһﶼʲôһʵǿѧԺôҲҪעһ°Ҫ֪ѧԺʵ˭ûǡ
ȭ档
һȺȭŵĵӰѣѧԺԺֵϢ֪ȻǸˡ
ѧԺʵ̫ǿˣȭźѧԺһȣͲһġ
Ǽɡ
һƬţɵſŰƣɫ
ţѧԺֱ޷ˣǾԲôˡ
ԣҪ
ţô˵
λɵ̲סˣȵ˵ʲôȥѧԺҸǣɱɡ˼гԽµǿһ˾ɣԵġҵ˵ѧԺǸ
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ľͰ˵ƣһ˴ʲôˣɽȥҲ뿴
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޷죬ֱ޷ˡ
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ϻˣȥȡһС컯Ϸ¡
С컯ɾȻ鵤
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⣬ȥǸҦҴҪָ

µһ죬½˵Ĺٷվ
ֻһվҳĻȻȻǾͿһɫĺռ֮һҳ档
дţϲѧԺƸΪǼɣ֣
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263 
ǰͲ֪ѧԺ
ǵǲһѧԺȫɵˣΪѧԺעᵽڲһꡣڲ֮ǰѧԺŸոĶǼͻȻǼԽĸǼǰչֵɵȼǲܵ顣
ǼֱӱǼѧԺʲô
ҾȻû˵ѧԺɣѵô
ǼɣԣǵĽܣǺɣһѧԺ
꣬ҵ۱ˣԭɣһѧԺѧԺҪĽô
ѧԺģö٣òûҪ費ҪѧԣҪ˭Ҫҡ

˵̳ڲˢˢݾȻȫǹѧԺġ
ǵһ˷һ֮˶ˡӵıѧԺӶǼֱӱǼľĻȥ֮ǾȻҦҷһĻвһֳͼƬһ԰׵ĵطϸľ
֮󣬶ޱ𾪡
ôԽµǿŽ׵һλɳ϶ϵΪ
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ҦҵǸҦܵʲôΪ֪츳ȻѧԺԺԳ֣Ц˻ʲôҦҡ
ѧԺǿƴǼɣֲûᱻƸΪǼ

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Ԭ꣬һ֮ȫѾʪ͸Цʱѵһ٣룬ܻڶ̫ˡԺѧԺκˣһжԶԶѧԺʵֲ̫
֮УΪѧԺעʱһλԱҲ֣֪ѧԺǿû뵽ǿ̶ֳȡǴɽнӴǵѧԺǣѧԺԺôͼƬֻһģӰмơôᣬôǳԽµǿߡ
ĳɫɳ̲档
һһƽڻţʱһ绰˹
һ䣬ģ
ߺȣԭʦڹȼأҪҪһˣ
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ޣõǹѧԺġ죬ѧԺԺԳ֣һٷϵɵһλŽ׵ĳϣͬʱϵĻһλɵ׳ϡϢѾķзѾȷѧԺԺӵгԽµΪѧԺڽʽƸΪǼɡ
һ֮󣬳׵ɵˡ
⻹֪ǸѧԺô֮ǰһϵ̡ȻʱͼʶǵȷʵʱҲûбֳôǿʵŽ׵ɳ϶ˣֻ˭֮һսǶֵһȡ
ʦȥھͻȥ
ѾΪʦˣܲ
ʦҵȻˣȫˣһȥϽͨ棬ڤ̡
ڤ̣Ϊʲô
˵ΪʲôҾͿԷĵļѧԺ˰ԺѧԺţ˭ҵ鷳
һ䣬˸ӣȻ⡣ڤһѧԺȵģɲһȥѧԺĺġˣҪȥܴܲΪʦô˵ΪʦҲǵõˣͨߴ򶴡ԽֻĤ
Ǻǣ
һϽ˵绰һͨ绰ǽˡ
ԶĴ󺣣һѵ˼֮ɫұΪѾǿˣû뵽ȻĻҪǿѧԺһԾǼҵȷǸö౧ǵĴȡţô죬Ҫʿ֪ǵˣԺٻܷơ

ѧԺ֮ȴǳƽ
ǻ֮æŴѧԺ
ʱֹȥ죬֮йѧԺϢǵȥѧԺȴѾμס
Ҧ֮УҦѾźһУүүҪȥѧԺѧϰԺͲٹҦҵˡ
Ҧʵµ˵ͷţǴ£㲻ҪΪ鵣ģڼ治ǻңô
ҦҰֻãֻϲɲ
ҦʵЦЦ˵ʲô
ҦȥԼķ䣬ѻҩʦǷ¼ȡ֪ͨ˳ȻǩԼ֡
ѧԺ棬ǵһʱ͵õҦǩ¼ȡ֪ͨѡ
ͬʱҲһǼ￨ơ


264 һλǼʦ
ѧԺԺÿһSS+ѧͿԵõһŵǰٻߵȼ￨ơ
ҦӵS+츳Ȼϡ
ΪѧԺѧ֮츳ASϵͳͲά￨ˡ
΢ЩţϾǵһǼܺ˭
ȿƵ棬ĿǺҫ۶Ŀſƣ滭һɷǵӣ³ۣüĿŭվƮϵǳֺƴصϪϢޱ޼ʣĪ⡣
סǼôֻ⻭͸оţơ
طƱ档
ӳһĲ֡

ԣա
ʵ浤ļ
ӵѧķѧ
ӵмܣ߼ļļ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺѧγ̽ʦѡ޿γ̽ʦ
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ҲǿյģⱾʵ˽⣬̳˭书ߡȥ۲ݣҪ˵ôұȽϿɵһǾҲⱾصһˡ
̼ǵǶιĽܡ
ʮѧʮѧףʮɣ֮
䣬һ뿹֮
ת£ڹ˹ŷ½˹ˣ˿۵֮Ȼ
ʼ֪ʵѼ˶ɡڴʮڡ
Ǳޣ󳹴򣬽⿪һᣬƮȻȥ
Լ͡

ɶаŽа
ôС˵棬գƮȻȥмˡ
ǵʱľѪڣϾҪǰҪΪѧԺʦֲܾʵĸо֮⣬ҲеɻΪɶʵ浤ļҪ֪ҩʦоҲԪ
ϵͳܿ͸˽ͣԪ浤ϵͳֵܴܲ¡ûдµվǷӡգⱾ棬վǿ߾浤ΪΪʲô浤ļ浤һϵͳۺĽ
ǳĬϵͳĽͺֱףҲ⡣
£浤
ڵĻ֣ƺҲľ绮֣ܴµʵڲࡣ
ϵͳָǣٻǼԽԽߣ˼ͬϵñħɷ֮ġЩͬϵȻڣȻдڵĵѧѧϰҲǿԵġ
Щͬϵʦǵʵǻγɵƻɡ
ЩޱȣԺѧԺֻ϶û˼δѧԺҪ磬ȫģһݰټҵѧԺţƵġԺеѧǧеѧԲôеѧٻսеѧԶɱǼֱˬĲҪҪġ
һʱδ㽣ƺѾѧǱ鲼ȫ龰
ǿʼȡһѧ
ֵкûдʲôķ֮ѧ֡
ѯһϵͳ֪⾹ȻϵͳԶɵġ
ǰһӵԭϵͳô㡣ϸ룬ҲϳȻһʦܲӵѧһֱдϲɣѡķҪΪѧ˺оִ书ѧķͲ˺ܶࡣ
ļܣΨһȤľȴҲǱõļܡ
ķƺǸʦƺġ
ǵϵͳɣͿʼò˵ķȷнءתѨдԪͻƵ浤ķǾ澭涼еĶһʱ䣬ǾԼ۽翪ࡣ
ٻˡ
һѪ￨棬ֻһըǰѾһˡ
Ժڵ
ʦЦЦúȤ
ԺԺָ̡Եúǫ飬ڵĻ֪ԺܴܲȲιһѧԺʶһʦ
д⡣ʼѧԺĽ֡ò˵ļܺãǽĶȻһֲȫס
ѧԺԺѧԺһȺʦ
λѧԺʦʵǼ򵥽ܵ
ʵԡַ˵ţ͵سѾþûһսĶˣͷϣϸʮаС
ʦǿڻˣǰһĻʵֱӡ


265 ݼ
ַֻڵĳȥֻһָֻһ죬ַйƤһɽ·˹ȥƣƮݵĶɱĲҽУʵ˿Ŀɿڴ
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ʱѧԺһȺʦޱصĿ
ַԪʵڻͨѧԺĶѧȻһָͱˣʲôΪǳɽַȻɳȥıȽԶȻûܵʲôƣӦĽ
λѧԺʦʦ磬ȫ
ʦ
ԲԲѾ̲סʧ˳ҿգ֪ѾԽļ£һΪ뻯أҲĸ֡
˲ܿûգԲԲĽҲˡ
ʱҲֱ̹׵ʦӵ浤ļΪѧԺĿǰʵǿʦ
֮䣬һȺʦ۾ˡ
ѽʦԵʲôȥ
ʦ۲ۣ㴷ȡ
ʦҵżǺϸӰ

һȺΧȥɵˡ
ȺѧԺʦǡ
ʵڲ֪˵ʲôҡҡͷתˡ
ڶ糿ҦѧԺ
ҦѧܣǱλôǽҽѧγ̵ĺţʦǰźƽһָʦһӵֲ
ֲҦܾˣⲻڴҽԺ涼ô
Ȼʵ򣬲ܳɹţʦ˵ǻ㳢һ´ֲ
Ҧܱ׵ˣѧԺʦô뺷ô
˼ǰߡ
ҦѧܣɣԺҪѡգҪ׼ԲԲʦΪѡĿο԰
գ
ѽ쿴Ǳߣʦͽʦִˡ

λͬѧ棬ûȤѡҵĿγ̣һòޱȵŮӺȻסҦܡ
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λǶʦ

ҿʮˣѧԺʳÿˣǳԹҼѧԺ
ѧǳԷôôɣ
㶮ʲôɫк⡢ϺӼӡȫҶʦֲˣҿˮˡ

ҦܳױѧԺһи𾪵ˣҲ϶ԼѧԺȻˡ

µһ졣
ϤѧԺ֮ѧԺ͸˿γ̡һڿεʱǻȥˡò˵µѧѾͨʲôѧܸѵѧֻһοΣ
ΪҦܵרҵָʦҦ֮͸ҦƶһһԪĹ滮
ǿǹ滮֮ԽеʦǱʡ
ת۾һڹȥ
ѯһºڴҪĵ·ȴǵõһܲõϢ
Ժû뵽йʦݼ·ʧְˡ
ʲôݼϣ
һǵ·ģʮǵǰƼļһǹڳĴ켼ݼΪģһ׶δ㿪ĲƷһǹڳģãλʦΪ뿪Ĵæֻ˺ϵ֮һ
֮üͷȻҲ׵ĲҵҲ֪ζʲôõĹ˾ȿӦĲƷ׵Ĳҵͻܵܲʵ̫ߣƽ˱˱ˣɲѧԺķ񡣡
ԺѾ֪յȡ鷳
Ŷ˵
λʦ¹˾Ҳ¹˾ôģ¹˾ҪԾΪۺսоطпзֲݼĿǰ¹˾Ħ忭зֲҲ¹˾зֲ֮һ
ŶȻйұľоȷʵôȡġ
ԺҴ֯ȥûݼϡ
ˣ㻹Ǳȥˡҡҡͷĵط϶ϡֻΪһֻǹɨ䣬㶼ס
Щٶ˵ʲô
ǲûֺʲôϾ̫ˣ鲻ܵˮ©ξ͵һѵˡ
˺֮ǲ鿴һ»ѧԺѧȴǷָûкʵˣΪȽϸߵļѧΣ硣
ֻԳˡǸ뷨Ժ֮оȻʾϵͳȻ˷


266 Сȵը
֧ݻ¹˾Ħ忭зֲֹѧԺйһ¿ƣһ
ǿЩȻ
˵ȻһĽѾܲˡ
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ϵͳȻ񣬿϶ԭģҲ¹˾Ħ忭зֲû֮еô򵥡ǵ¼˵վ֪˵ĹϿԲѯһ¹˾Ħ忭зֲȻһѵϢ
Ǽ򵥵Ŀһ£𾪡
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ҪرյԵʱȴע⵽һ¹˾Ŀзֲöӡ
һ־Ȼһ¹˾Ħ忭ֲ
ȥĦ忭һŮԿѧңȻǹλŮԿѧҵĽܣԼʧʱ䡣
ֻǿλŮԿѧҵĽܣЩ׵ˡ
Ľ24꣬ʿ
ѧȨĿѧ֮һ綥ڿ֮һ˹רҡ⴦ͨ룬΢·롭
ŮˣҾȻֻжʮꡣ̲סĿѧҾǰ;Ҳѹ˻ᷢ񡣲ĿѧңӦúúõظôô׾ͱץˣǹСĵġ
ٿ˴ĽȻڵĽǮһĹֵ
ĿǰѾ˽ҪˣҲֻһˡǳ˼һ£ҲҪȥĦ忭־ͽˡ
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ڵСŰ׶೤һСܱǱſڣŵľȻȫըϵóӳȥɥʬը죬ѪɣʵŻµĸоһСŮ£һ·ֱֳģ˵СħŮ˵Сħ
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ǳ֣СȼԺˣѾɱɥʬж㣿
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СȹȻûʧǴѧڽɼݵ㣬澹Ȼ֪°ʮըרңרڸըҪĳը鷳ȺըҲֻʮ֮һġ
ʮ֮һҲˡ
һȺըרҿʼæҲҸطʼȵǣٶĪ֮ࡣѯϵͳ֪֮ԭִ֪طֵ˺ܶࡣٶȣԺ԰ŵΣ硣
ڶ磬һС͵ĳըصѧԺ
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Ϊ׵Ķһϵǣ׵Ϊ㲻
һעʱдȷʵǺΪȻѧԺԺгԽµΪȴûȷȻˣҲֻͣ˳·˭쵼֧СӣҲùܡ


267 ָ㽣
󶭺Ҳ˸ʶһСˣΪȻǶӡ
ˣһǣҲǺΪˣӦúǮһɳƽӵк׵ΪȻҲεȴǸıڡеһˮΪڶǸ߰ޱȣվ˭һӡ
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Сڳ˼ΪˣǵǸ磬㲻õģĦ忭¹˾ֲһ׵ĿлǰûǱȥΪȥĶͨӶֱǱϾߣҴӵĻүүλ߽׵ĸ֣϶û⡣
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ҿڱȻһŽǹڷܵġ
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ǵ˵ͷΨһǶСʲô壬ɢޣҴ¿һղűȻŽȻʲôȷȱһɺݾνĽÿһгȥҪһǰƣǰǸɽӣҲҪնȥ
ǸԼľ齲ţͬʱСһʾ
Сһǽ˲˺ܶĶָڱȻţǱȻĶһѽǵѽǰһȫΪޡ֪䣬СѾ۾Ժ֮ոԼĽɫء
ʮӺ󣬶С͵۾Ǹ磬ллָҸоԼĽ˺ܶࡣ
ЦЦ츳ϧȱһʦָ㡣үүȻк߽ΪȴӦòýġ
СȻû뵽ܿ
ûи߶Сÿһý϶һڽеĶ׾ܿȻ㻹ܴһ˵ơϾһ˽һ˵ͻսĺۼҲ᲻ԾչֳһЩ
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СоԼѧĶʮгɹ˵Ľۺ;磬Ǹָһ֪ԺĸŬ


268 ҲѧԺʰڣ
ʱȥڵĦ忭Ħ忭硣
ľǱ¹˾϶ʵס˾Ƶ棬οһ޶
ν֮ѵóһΣɴĦ忭СΪڷɻϺѧĽ֪ʶԺ׽˺ܶ࣬ҪһһﾹȻҲƤĸӣƺִǺͶСǰŸˡ
ɳ̲棬ǿŲ׳Ĵ󺣣ľоЩһˡ
СȻŲͣѾ˺ܶࡣԴӻϵͳǵ˷츲صı仯ȥЦ磬ɱ¾ȥΣ磬ɥʬݽ棻磬Ҳ࣬档
̬ת䣬ʹҲûСԡ
Ǵ磬Ҹоܲһ㣬Ķ࣬Ҷ⣬ܳүүˡ
ôԽ࣬ᷢԼ֪ĸࡣ
ЦЦֹıȶ࣬ʮҲ޷ȡǻķ֮ʹѧԽ£ٲȻҪ뵽һ
Сʵһֱүү֮Уĸ졣
үүҲ˼үү˵ҪǰһСɣԽ̵ҪɣȴһԸҡǰЩ˵иɽѧԺǵĽӦһѧԺʶĺѾĽȥˣҲԡ
ѧԺ
ţѧԺгԽµǿߣĴھݡ°ǿŽ֮ϵľ硣ϵĴ˵棬ͻ¾ˣǸӵɲеֶΣԪӡ
û뵽СȻѧԺ
Ҳ⣬ϴѧԺһٳѧԺԺгԽµΪķзЩɵȻῼһ
һҽѧԺҾӦúȤС
ţȷʵȤЦЦ취ѶСսѧԺˣСԼʱ򶼻ġ
ҲѧԺȥɣȴǺȻڣѧԺϴɣӵгԽµǿʲô˶աòѧԺĶĶѧԺΡߣҾͲһˡΪ˼ѧԺҴʰڣʱѧԺ϶ҡ
ҲѧԺʰڣǲ棬֪̫СˣѧԺѧ
ǵȻû˲롣˵ѧԺֻһ׵ʦѧԺǧѡܵĵ飬ѧԺӦûɶҵϰʲκһǼɶΪͽѧԺ϶Ҳ⡣Ǽţʶ棬ûǮ첻ɵ顣
Ǻǣǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ߣѧԺƣĲ˶áһ˶ǻͷȥ
ˮɶʱģҾȻûз֣Ǻ𾪣ûвˮɶʱġ
һ׵ĻңǿЦˮߣһ䣬òҪżѧԺɣѧԺᱻġʱҪѾΪѧԺѧ˱ǣˣɲҪġ
һСҲס
˶û뵽ˮɵģ뵽ˮǸ߰ӣƺһ㶼ˡˮǴɵĵӣˮ˵ʲôѧԺ˵ЩţϾųԽµǿѧԺô׶Ըġ
ǲʲô飿ǳʵɲˮ˵һ£Ȼ˵ɱˮ
ӳǻȥϵжҪһ¡ˮ˵꣬ŤͷߣǸ߰ӣȫú˵ʲô
Ƶһ䷿档
ָ¹˾Ŀзֲͼϵؽе
¹˾ĿзֲһаԱһٶʮң䱸ȽһҪСġ
εֻǾˣĲùܣǱȥ֮󣬾ˣǾ뿪
ΪİȫĵˣҪ顣
ѵͼһ£¹˾Ŀзֲ棬һҪȷ·ǶԵġ
󣬴ҪѾӹˡ

ȻӹΪɶû˸
˿ǣĿɿڴ˼ô֪ǲǶ


269 ʲôṦզôߣ
ʱС˼ĸǽ
ԭ˷˿ԾһпܵĸṩñˡЩ˵ʵҲǳķɻ档ֻǸ·ɻʱΧ̫࣬޷һͬšڷɻҪ뿪Ҳû˹עˣ׾ͰһŪ˾Ƶ档
ҪΪɶǵܷڷɻ棬˿йұ»׾١
һȺڷǾþԼҪˣҲûɶ˵ʱ˿̻ǾôΡǲùˣڹƸСˡ˵ˣǺˮѾֹһγͶĵ飬ǳǱߡ
Ǹ磬ҴǹðɣСԼǹָһѡ
ȻͨˣȴʹһЩִ
ǶԸͨˣǿɲݳ޵˷Լ
ǹ֧֮⣬ǻһЩף϶޷ϵǸըȡϾⳬըʹõļ˵ʮ꣬ǹʱ򣬼ǿɶû̽棬СһѿԱĽүүȴõĶ̵
⣬ʹõذףɳƽʹõǶ̵ˮʹõǽ
ͦǹӦòǻǾܾ˶Сĺ⣬ڵΪӲҶҪǹʹǹǸ׸ԪΪԲϵش֮ĸֵһᡣ
Ǹ磬㲻Ҫб޻СҪΪǲ˼ء
治áǿЦôҲѲֻ֮õðɣˣҪʱһԻ㡣
װ֮ԵЩһˡ

Ͼŵ㣬˿ʼж
¹˾˵Ħ忭׼˵ʵĦ忭ϵĿ뵺ĸ粡˵ĵص㡣Ħ忭Ϊζɼ뵺Ȼȫյģ춼¹˾İԱһ˿Կġ
ˣǰķôǵһߡ˷ͻᴥȻͻʮֳֳǹ˶ɨ䡣ԣڿṦʱˣ׸ߵķһԽȥ
򵥣ˮ˵ţһԾ׶ߣȻڿһǹȥˡ
Ǵɵĵӣǲһ㡣ɳƽ޵
ǡҲԾ˹ȥ
ɳƽһѡǺ֪֮ȻҲк׵ΪҲԾ׶࣬ʱǲҪǿΪá
ɳƽûִֻǽһǺ׾͹ȥˡ
ţɳƽҲɹȥˡ
ǿ˿ʣµĶСоЩţοк׵ΪԽǲġ
СɫǺ죬֪ô˵
ЦЦСӾǵ̫Сҵָתµ̫ѨѨԼǴһ
СԾİ˵ȥһڿվȻ׸ߡ
ʲôṦզôߣ
һĺףԾҲ̫˰ɣ
ҿСӾԿˣȻҶţһȥҪˡ

ǿŶСҲһ𾪵ӣ¶һЦݡʵöСʩչķžȫ̵Ṧ㹦棬ʩչ㹦ֱɣǾǼʮ׸ߡڶСΪ㣬ֱ׻Ǻ׵ġ
ڶС֮һԾòŷȥˡ
СǹǸ磬ոսҵṦһ߱˵ġ
ЦЦԽԽöСЩ
˷棬˽˼ڣѸٵǱ뵽о档
ò˵¹˾оǸ߿Ƽܷ棬֪ĵƼ
ͦ˳ôû뵽ô׾ͽˡ
ǰֻҪҵĽˡ
Сĵ㣬֪ǷûУһξȻһ˰ضûУ

䣬һֻ̾ǹ⻬ǽϳ̽ͷ
棬֣
е˶ɫ䣬ôû뵽ͨȻһ塣
ţֻͨĶʮֳֳǹİԱ
ôխСͨ棬һɨ쾳֮µȫҪ
ˣˣ
㹻СˣôǱˡ
ҿɲ취Ҫ벻취ҿɾͶˡ
ǿһĻҲʮֵ˵õǱ˾ߵģڵãûмˣǾѱˡʮѳǹţ嶼ҲҪҪôңʱô죬ѵھҪ˲ɣ
ܿӵľУ


270 ɱ޷ɱ
ΪҪֲɵʱǰĶȻӹϵ
ǿĿɿڴⶭϵһһĴϾǵĸиƵģҪʲôԱߵҲǶ¹˾İԱɵˣһʱȻǹˡûе̽Ѱԭֻͷ
籩٣
ֻòݻУԣǺòĿ͵һӾٲһй˳ȥխСͨ棬ЯȴӼʮ׸߿µٲС¹˾ʮԱĶᡣʱ򶭺˵һ˹ȥ
Ϊɶף̫ͨСͨըˣ˭֪᲻ẦԼ
ʱͨЩ¹˾İԱûдߣҲߵı򡣵ǾǿԸֻͣоӲ൹Ƿһ
ʱغһߣ
˶˵ٵĴͨȻɢȥǿɾˡѾǵǹҲ֪ûеǵǺɣԪ֮£һӵҲ˲ȴûмͨͨԭء
֮УҲûע⵽
Ѿͨͨǰޱ˳
ɱʮˣһǿ϶ӺΧ׷½أǰлǿɾͲˡ˵ţޱ֮УƮƮޱ˲Ӳ糤ǹȻʩչһ͵سʮ¹˾İԱ֮С
оİġ
ǿ϶ˡ
ߣǾǻĵߣȻһҪȫץסúо
ӳģ䱸Ƚĸ߿Ƽ˵ģԱĻ׾ͿԳסֵסǹɨ䡣ĵ߾ǳЩԱҪλȻǵİԱʲô˺
ţ¹˾Ħ忭ֲֵ°ٴε֣һξǻߣҲһ޻ء
洫Ļ潥Ӧɢˡ
һ̣͸ؿʲôֻһɫĹâڲϵط裬Ҳ֪ѪʲôҽϵشƹǺԽԽ٣ǿĶ࣬ǵ£ģģһƬȻȫѪʬ塣
еһЩʬ壬ȻǱնϡ
£̫ˡ
ޱȵĲ̣սһѪޱȵɱ
˶ˣӳ˺˹Ǻ˳Ϊʲôոյ׷ʲôǵİԱǴȽĻôɱ޷ɱ
˺˹ĴֻܳĬ
ֻ棬ȫǵ֪Ϊǵķȴֽһ
ʲôӼҵЩĵߣѵǻˡ
ǣӳ
ҵһˣעҪաΪ֮ǰͼƻˣÿһطҪľǴݻļءԼҲֻܿĳλõļػһʧ֮󣬻ٻصܵûӰˡ
ǴʱоţٶȲ죬ڰѲ顣
ò˵оܴ󣬵Ͽֻ㣬ȴ㡣
һ֮˻ˣ⾹ȻһλоѧңඣҴ·Σ
λѧӦѾֵ֪飬ǹͳ
˾벻ԶֱֻλѧҵӵˣȻλѧɫ֣̿æͿʼġǸģһץסĲӣʩչƻ󷨣Ȼ
ȥĽ
ǣˣ
λѧҾȻ֪ĽĴڣʡ˲ٵĹλѧҴ·Ǵ˺üţȻһصĵݣֱͨӾܵ㡣
ȥ֮Ƿֵ㾹Ȼϰٸѧңƺ֪顣
ѧǶæµţоĺȻȽļƼͣƺû˲
ǿôѧңԼЩʧˡ
ֱֻըһ˰ˣҪôѧһը²ȥ֡
̵ģΪϵͳ¹˾Ħ忭ֲըˡĿѧҹƴ඼ǱץģѧԺײҪƼһôɴȫŪѧԺ׵ĿвȥԺΪѧԺɣ˲⣬ġ


271 ʿе
뵽ó˶Сǰǹ
ǹпѧҶסˡ
ʱһԾɵ˼׸ߵһ̨棺λѧҴҺãˡ
һȺѧɵˣǣô
ţһĿѧ۴Ȼǳ˹һ￴ӲǱ°ģǱоĿѧҡϾôһоֻб°Ŀѧҡ
֪
Ǻԥֱӿǹ
һǹͷѪɽ˶һҲˣͻȻֵǵġһʱ˶ǻ°ж೤ʱûлؼˣֻҪ뿪ǾˡѧңĿ
Ȼûô򵥡
ʱֻǵҿԾǳȥΪرǱµĹ˾Ϊҹʮꡣʮ棬ǿǹ˾Աʮ֮ǲſоȥҵԸӦϾͿԸߡ
һȺѧסˣôоǴһһ
һձѧҵǺ˸£֧ˣȻҲǡ
ɫ䣬־һǹ
Ȼһǹͷʱ˶סˡ
ҿɲǣǸҹɱöˡǳȥ֮ҲҪģֻǹָҵĹ˾ѡвԸûУҲú̸̸ˣڸոλձѧҵձĿѧҶ뿪ˡ
˵֮󣬰ǹӸ˱ƻ󷨿ƵǸѧңȥɱеձѧҡ
ȫѡ
ǵĵʲôˣȫһħ
ǹĸձĿѧˣôûˣҲû˸˵Ե֡
ǺԼı֣ЩѧҵĸϢռǵ֡סַ˵ȫҵԺҷ˭ؽԼ顣
˵ţһǽʮƴȥоǲ
ʲôֶΣ
찡ô
Ŷϵۣҿʲô

ǿѾסȺѧңǲ֪磬һȺ˽ߣҾվ߶ˡǿĪܣԺʵģҪʲôģȻǶ㵽ĺǣҲһɱǵġ
һȺѧ𾪣ܵĪĳﻹжġ
ǿЩѧҶʵʵأҲ׷ġֻҪסЩѧңŪɽУеֶγոǡ˵ѧԺԴƸԱֻҪ׳ĿѧϣŶ㹻ЩѧɽС
סô֮Ƿ沢ûĽ
Ǳ˴ŵһ˽˵ʵңʵһʮͷŮʵ顣
Ů޳ˣӯ񻣬ֻһӰ˾ܲһ㡣
ߵĽԱߣһоƬԱϣѧԺΣġǲһһȥǰ豸оƬȫݻˡʱĽˣͷǣ¶˷ŭı顣
ǿĽŮ˲ĺãòҲһŮˡ
ĽǣȴץһƬʹǵĲӡ
ǱһšŮҲ̫뺷ˣȻ˵͹ûзӦҲͨˣһֻػӶĽͷ˳ȥ
ĽˤڵϣҲࡣ
ǣȵ֪ʲôϵһ⴦оƬȴˡ
Ȼȴò˵Ľʲôһ⴦оƬҲ㡣ոտļ϶ѧԺģ¹˾ȡǵĶҪһСֻû뵽Ŷ̶̼ʱ䣬㾹Ȼ͸Щ˲Ʒ
ĽȻЩš
ʱҲϻֱӾͰЩѧϵݼ˵һ£ĽԽԽ𾪡ǲ֪ЩѧϣȻ˵еݡ֪ѧԺʲô֯ΪɶѧԺôǰĿѧϡ
ĽǼҽ˵Ҫȥڸ߰ɣ
Ľʱȴסǵ·ȻԲɵĿ˵ѧԺʲô֯ҪѧԺ
Ǳһ㲻ǿЦİɣΪЩϣ
Ľ˵ͷ֣صΪ˼ҿԷҵһСҵĲƸҵ壬ҵ
ǺǺˣŮʿҪʲôջôоЩء
ֵģǸĽһ츳


272 װҪ
ֻǰһݡ
Ľ
䣺24
츳A
ϵͳ飺֮壬ʴӱԱѧԺ¼ȡ
֮壬ʵָһࡣ
û뵽ĽȻӵһڳ˵࣬ӵˣʹ
ѯϵͳ֪֮滹һ塣֮ͨ԰ԼתΪ壬ӶʹԼ츳ñĽģһ֮תΪ壬츳S
Ǿ֮࣬ĽĿҲࣺѧԺһѧԺʲô֪ô
ǵϣĽȻ֪顣
˵ȴҡҡͷҶȤ෴ЩѤõĿƼ׷ĿꡣҴСʴӱڿƼǼƼ򣬲˵Ѿ˶ĳ̶ȣܳҵѾࡣ¹˾ķֲʵҲԸġ
⻰һѪ
ԸģȻԸ
ֲڹұ֮£¹˾˻ץĽΪ˼ԼԸѯһ£ǳ֪Ըô¡¹˾ôѧԺõݹڼĿѧΪնĽ붼ûˡ
ǶôһŮѧңţưЩ֮ǰ˵Ļˡ
ͼ򵥶ˡ
ǴӦĽһѧ͵ĿѧңԺѧԺ޺
԰ĽΣ磬úõѧϰһΣĿѧ֪ʶĽĴ̶ȣ󻹲׵Ƽһˣʲôŵͼ齱֮ģ϶õȻƵʱĽҲЩˡ
ǴĽԼһȺѧҴȥ
ʱݾȻǵݣֻǷЩץĿѧõġ뷵صĻӵ¥ϵһ㡣ǲ֪ôһȥֻȰ¹˾İԱȫ˲С
λˣǾֱȥһѧôо̫ˡ
ʲôڵôǵ˵ţҪǵģԶ㣬ǰǿ·
¥ݳߣһɫĴš
ڴŽ޷ͨ
ˣʹõĽϽϣѡ
꣡
ֻ˫̽Ӳڴ˺һӡ
ѧٴĿɿڴǶ
Ǵ˺ܿ쵽˵ڶ㣬ǼصԱɽȻǵһ㣬ҲǰԱפĵط
ƿţһ㾹Ȼһտľ޴󷿼䡣
ڵķ治вҽϸĸˡ
֪Ҹ֪ʮǱ˭ɱġ
ģߵľǺ˽ףôƿǰԱϵĻס
ˣȥǸͷǸɵļһǿ϶֪ô¡
ɵģ÷ңȻҵɲŹġ
֪Ϸʲô֪
ǾȻոһˡ
ĿɿڴƿͨһĴš
ӳʮ¹˾İԱȻһޱֵ
۾ҿôһֻվŵǡ
վŵǡ
׶ߣӦƵĵطڳ˼צȻԴȫһǵԴȮ¶ԵúǿֲȫѾïܵëǿֲݣȫͺҹ˵ûκε
ǣˡǿǣ
Ǻǣ뵽ǵĺЦѣֻǸպ·ǣ㲻ǺǮô˵ᱻĽǮ򡣡
ǣ㲻ҪǮȻĻˡ
ŲŽ׵ʵΧô¹˾İԱָܾ㡣ŰɣͻһˮЦѡ
ߣ׵ΪֻɳƽҲǳЦ
ǣ˵ʲôغЦǶʧˣ˵ʵ̫ǿƣǸûз֮
ɵƣȻҳǷǲܾ֮
̾˿벻ܲˡ
ǻûеǳ֣һǹȻ
ֻԱȻ˳˷ɨ˶סˡ
ҲǱǰ˺˹е
˰һԾץס컨壬ȻٵĶ
ʱѾ˿ǹˣ⾹ȻǶССɶʱ뵽¹˾İԱˣװģСװҲҪ磬Ǹϲˡ


273 С
ò˵СʱܺãǺ˵ǿ
ȶСһӵ꣬˺˹컨Ķȫļ⣬ȻӲļӵ
లԱҪԶСɨ䣬˺˹ʱȴȻң˭ҪҪɱ
Ա׷˺ֱӸ˺˹ͶСһս
СһʵлߵģǿүүץһͬļϾҪǰڻûпסóǹɨ˵ɱ˺˹֪ǳ룬ӵкŽʵ˱Ҫǿܶࡣ
ɣС˽ηս
ߣôɱ㡣˺˹Ȯ¶Ҫ˺ѶСһ
С㲻Ķ֡һ׵ȻǺŽ˵Ķ֣ʵ
ˮ˿ŶСһԲС
ҲֻǾöСˣ֪ԼУȴԲϧһսһֽ߸еȡСսǾ֮ǰôҲսѧԺġûгϾĿһĻ͵ԶСһˡ
սܿ쿪ʼ
Сȷ˺˹Ķֻ֣غϣϾͶ˿ڡ
ٶȻСԶԶض˺˹
СסҸ㽲ĶôҪľרעеŵĽ棬ƶٶȲĹĳٶȴ졣סĽҪһһǰ׼Ŀ꣬ǾͺԥĴ̹ȥٺᣬҲСѡ
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Ҫ𾪣ǣʩչĴֶΡˣУĴڣȻô򵥡
СƳһǵķޱȵ
ܣһɶֻڹײģôܣ
ȷǡ
СʿˮԼһ޴ܣʱĿʼ˵ȥ˼άʼ߶ȼУȫת˽档ڷɻϸĽ֪ʶ˲ԺըȻʼתԼĶ
̲סЦˣֶСˡ
һ̵ĶСȻ۾֪ȴֻһһ֪ǶСͷˣֱӰԼĽƽ˵ҵĵزʮ궼һܸ򵽵Ķ
˺˹ЦݣٴγŶС
ʱĶСҲΪ֪ԼٶȲ˺˹ƶҲûáᷴڵȴѵĳᣬȴһ̴˺˹ĺࡣȻܷ񣬵ھţʵ֮ģһýˣȫӡ
СӣһҾҪ
˺˹ӰЩģצץ˶Сͷ­
ǧһʱ̣СĽֳĺâûκλεĶûκοֲƣǰ˹ȥޱȡһƺ˴֮أ˵豹棬ǲˣҲܴп̺¡
˺˹ޱ𾪣ܣȴѾֹס塣
ֻ˵һ̫룬̫졣
˺˹ԼײȥһؿһۣѪ˳һֱӴ֮Уֱָλá
˺˹ʱҲ˲˺ѶС壬͵ץס˶СĽȻһĻҪ
СĳץסҲ÷ֺ
꣡
˺˹ֱ۶˶СĽѸٵ˺󣬿ŶСη塣
һֲ̫ˡ
ʵ˺˹ӵſֲСֱӶ̳һ治¡ǸոһӣЯԼײСײ˷ɻһǼӲķɻܱٵ˭Ƿɻ˭СȻԶ׼
ʧˣ
СЩʧ֪Լֻһλᣬһʧܣ˺˹Ҳܸڶλᡣ
˿ɲ֪Щǻ֮С
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291 Ҫ׵Ľడ
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ݽĿİţεĹŵʢһĸСʱ˵㿪ʼʮȫ̻CCTV15ƵֱʵҲ֪Ȼ̨CCTV15Ƶûж
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ֳ֣־ѾͶôǮȥԼôҲִܵȥǷŮˡ
ֳ磬㲻Ҫȡ֡㲻һˣѵڻƽʱɣ
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ʵ˵һŮŵֵģﴵĿɺˡҾμһЩĽĿΪǰʱע⵽һŵʢ磬ʱҲˡ֪֣Ȼ˱Ŀֱȥ㻻û뵽ֱ֣ӾܾҡȲҪȦ棬ʵǺ顣
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ҳһϽŮУԻͼΡϽŮֻˮ׼̫ߣѾߺ͹ѵĵزְ࣬ʲôģûмˡ
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֣־Ȼʮ꣬ȻԵúӢϽҲӡǸŮʲôˮ׼Ҳ֪Ҫֿ࣬ɾͱˡ
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ӦӦ
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ƫƫֳܾˣĺۡ
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һԺ뺯ҪԺˣȴǷݳûң᲻ʧֳЩţúݶķȷŮˣ֣־ǣ
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Ҫĵˣһֳ磬޹ؽҪк򲹽Ŀȥ
CCTV15Ƶֺ̨עεĹŵʢ磬CCTV15ƵûʲôֺﴫͳĻľٴֵÿ϶ģҲӿ佱
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293 ֳ˭
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ЩԾû뵽νүүôţܸ㶨ôߵĵطӡ
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˲ŵֻ˵ϣôܣȻһ׳ķ˶ˡ
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294 
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һ֣־ǿ϶ϵֳ磬ֻô֣־ǵĵ绰ͨ

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295 ʢĳ
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296 𾪵
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Ҫĵطµļʱ٣ƹ˾ʱ쵼ߡ
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303 Ц
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Լƹ˾ʦһѾˣʦȫ̸Ľзһѧϰ˲ΣĿƼˮƽȫ綼ǰС
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õģܡ

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ͬһ͵ĲƷһһȽϣ˵ʱ˵ʼǱ᲻ᱻŰ衣
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һʱ᳡ˡ


304 100֣ôܣ
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󵭵˿ƿ֣ų̂PCҲҪһͬԣҲһȽϡ


305 ̫ˣ̫ʵ
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˼ƹ˾ûгۼĴ㡣üͷ΢壬ôܻۼֵ飬ǶԷٶǮСƹ˾м¢PCгǸǶôӴ󡣳ۼԻٳǡ
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306 
ڶ죬ո𴲣־͹ˡ
ܣMic˾ĲƷһ𡣡
Mic˾ITҵľްˣҪȽ췽棬ǲû㣬֪һʲô飿
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ܣ߰ɣȻڣȻһ͵˺ǰ档
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ѪĸԸԱ¶˾Ĳҵǵ͵Իݻٵ¶˾岻̵ġҲϲ⣬ǽֻˡ㲻ͬ⼼תã뿪ء
תǲܵģ㲻Ҫˡ˵ţתҪӡ
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¶˻֮̿ɫߣ᲻֪Ҫԡ


307 ﱻ
źЩηӣЩ⡣
ΪѪ壬Ϊһߣֻ֪ץסҪԳɹ
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˿̵İҲŹں鱨ҹѼġ
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ԣŻᱻôס
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֪ˣԺ
һҪѺȳ
ģԸѰ·
ׯ԰棬֪ʱ䲻ٵˣ뾡úǩЭ顣
ٴ԰࣬ЦѣûеԼʱ䣬ڹʲô顣˵ѧԺ嶼
÷ϻⶨõЭ飬ǩǲǩ
Цǩ
ɫ΢䣬͵һָ֣˺˺С
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ѾٺͺȥˣȻѧԺǱѾ֪Ѫģ˵ܿͻѺְλµʱǩҲһŷֽ


308 ʥѪ
ָץ˺ԴԴš
ܱߵļѪ巢ɭЦݡ
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ѪΪ𾪣ѪȻֻҪһѪҺɱˣ̫˼ˡ
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ȴǲԸ䣺Ҳ֪СɵģΪңСɵɱҲܡؼѾûʱˣк˵Ѿѵû𶯵ô½½ģȫ򶼻⵽˵ĺը
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314 ˱
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⡭ǲǻа취ץס˼רҵ죬ɫѿ
ûˣûˡרŻˣҪǻа취˵ˣϾǹϵС
飡˿ǹˣһǹרҵԴ
˿սݲеϵͳô˵֪ôο˿
ûõģǵķϵͳ죬϶زסк˵˿š
߳˵ɫء
ΧĴزʱ֮ҲǺȻ̳
ĩˡ
Ļڡ

ˣʱһͷѧԺ֮˿Ͱ˿Щʧ䣬оҲزǰˡ
ȥģ˪֮ŮǱҪ˵ֿļʬ񿪿ڣҪҲûʲôֻÿ˵Ųͬ
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ڵܰĿ¡
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ڷɻϣѲѾһƬأ˿Ȼɫ䣬Ȼ֮һĹ˳


315 ʱʱ
˿÷ɻȥ˶ˡ
һȫǴ̵Ĺǰɥʬɥʬֹͬų˵
ҲڿŰ˿ƺЩã
תͳŰ˿˻
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еͼСɽһеĺӵ֩Ȼ˿еľȻӵԴÿһԵޱеľȻ˳֮зС
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ҾӦӭӵǴʱѾ˽ӽTҩʹùʴߣӵнӽһʵĻںɥʬĹ֮УͻռϷ硣οһڿƼ磬ɿصıҲԱڿƼһ֡ȿڡ
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ԸںTģԸںϣԺʱ칲档
˿˳Ĭƾδľˡ
ȥҲֻˡ
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һϢȥ˶֪ԡ
һʱѯоǱߣóĽѾںϳɹ90ϣӦһϢˡ


316 ļʬ
඼֪˽T
90ںϳɹʣҲ˵ʮһںʧܡ
ˣû츳ֻںT
زʧΪǵûʲôԥġ
˵úãҲнǧˣ˶ںTԺɨɥʬ
˵ںϳɹ壬ԺǱɥʬץˣҲһᱻȾ
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۳ɹʧܣΪδ޺
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ǵ͹˻˵Ҳ͹˪Ҳһ
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ΰϲɹںTĸݴ
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أʵ˴ǰһͨԶѣڷںTɹһԾס棬ӵĸ࣬ٵҲٽ֮ǰڵļʬ˶ûģȴʮ㡣
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Ѫ֮УһѧԺѧǺ
ʱĺЩʲôTҿѪ壬ѪҺܱν˶ѪҺȫͻƵ磬ҲԪ硣ôѧ棬û뵽һͻƵԪľȻҡ
ϴνŪҪϵͳ֪һսǵһܾˡ
ò˵һˡ
ѧԺ֮Уǵһʱյ˹3ɵϢǼ￨ѾС


317 λʦ
ǿǼ￨ƣִһĸо
ǵһǼ￨ƣһòӢӡ
ֻƱдţ
ηɡ
ԣơ
ΪԪ
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ϵͳƵ˹ηɲûôϸ书һȻҲֻơ
ⶼ޹ؽҪˣҲֻҪȡηɵƾС
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˽ʯ֮Ҳ֪ѧǲӡݰС֪СУڽļת辢˹תΪظԼѪ˵ȫһֽϢ˥ߵķš
εħʯ֮ںϻɺͲѧϷ书
޳㡣
ģʵҪ߻ãΪ书ǽ˲ӡͻħ
һҪѧ᲻߻ã϶Ҫѧӡѧħܹƿѧѧ֮˵Ӷѡ˲߻ãһѧɾ൱ͬʱ˲ӡͻħ׬ˡ
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ʵѧԽǵڣԽǹؼ
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ҡҡͷǲٶ롣
Ĵָָ׻ָѪɵ￨档
ֻ۳ͣǵǰ
λʦӭѧԺ΢Цȿڡ
Ժͬʱڣޱȡ


318 ѧԺ׸ʲô
ʯ֮ԶһЩ档
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ΣһϵͳһҪԵ硣
֮Щ⡣


319 ǵʵ
ҪԵֻص磬֪硣
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˲繥1Ҫ󣺸ɡһǼ￨ƣ100һ¹ҩ衣
˲繥2ҪɱƻҪޡбɱľɳΪѧԺʦԱ16ˡ
˲繥3书ؼѼҪؼĿ1000֡Ǽ￨ƣһľ֮츳ơ
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ڹ3ؼѼϵͳ´ҲԼȥġ
˲ȻҲǵ磬书ؼɲ١
˵ֵЩ书ĽݼԼңɶ־ѧܰЩѧŪѧԺѧԺͼݿɾͺÿˡֿһĽǼ￨ƺľ֮츳ƻǺġֻЩֵǣβûиԺר
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Ҳ֪ʲôȻÿһϸʹתֱ˰ٱࡣ𾪣ҵӦǴﵽԪ弶ҪǱԪ߼Ȳϡ
˵ڵΪѾﵽԪ弶
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ʵڵѾΥĿǰһ߿ɶҪǱ֮е취뵤ãƴΩһɵȫ֮κεطЩǱ֮ڵ޷
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࣬ҲԽԽࡣ
ϸ۲ĵԪ֮ǺӵתϸƺҲ
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Ƕ֮Ѿ׵⽹ۡ


320 Ĵ
ƽһ¼飬ڶ档
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ǽ㿴ˣǱ˵ը֮Σûн˸ࡢǿĹ
û뵽ģҵĳǺõġ
˵⻰λʦǶ֪ôȥ
Ĭһ£ҩʦĸʽȫƻɹô޹࣬㲻úܲô
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Ħʱȴŭʲô۵ǱʣǶħ
ʯ֮мһˣ˵ʲôħЩ̫ˣֻÿ˵粻һѡ
ʱ򿪿ڣɲ⣬ѧԺĹǴĲԡ
ǿҺɴ˻֣ȥɣҪһ¡
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νԴѧԺһѧԺȻûй涨ѧԺ̳Ķ˾ӣǿ϶Ҳ̳ܽһЩʮ֮ˡȻЩԣڻûǺúý̵ˣûбҪΪ˴󶯸ɸꡣ
λʦǵ˵ͷ˵ȷʵ
һЩ𾭰ɣŻЩĦʦÿһŷ𾭵ѡ޿ôѧϰ𾭡
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ǳ˼һµܲһῼǵġ齻Ƕùˡ
ʦ˵⻰Ҳ˵ʲô
ǵİ칫档
ˡ
ʦҵΪˡ
ͷЩǡ
ʦ֣ǲԾ뵽˵һν书顣


321 Ǵͨ
ϸ˵յĵһѧ
һУǶ֪
СĸΪһر˽Ը񡣶ңȱȫСʼѧʱҲΪ˱ǿֻſԱ衣ھǳΪѧԺѧȻûʲôȫС
ҲúݶһЩΪĿĲֶΡ
վСǱ߱˵ɣ
ΨΨŵŵĸǺ棬ѧԺ棬Щʦôη壬Ψһµľǡ
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ǵ˸磬Ǹס
ʵһúӡǻڣҵһۼʱҾ֪¸ңϣϽġЩǽ뱣ĸ׵Ļϡ֪ԼˣػԼļˣǺֵñģʱҪػĶֹЩ
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322 ܻӭĹ
εĹٻʯ֮ͶηɵʱͰźõġ
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ϸ֮ı仯ȥᣬÿ˶ܴҵԼ·

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ѧԺѧʦ֪ǣǵĿϣɲκεС
ʵѧԺѧʦ֪ѧԺԺĲ࣬Ҫ̫ᣬʱҲûʲôԺ緶ʱ˵ԼѧԺԺҲδػš
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Ϊߣû뵽ԺģתľѾѧķΧ򡣡
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ѧͷԣһȺʦǶǱǵһ
Ͼһٸ˶ܸһٸͬĴ𰸡


324 һСĳϴ
ǿѧãӣ֡
֪еΪ˳ΪǿߣΪ˲۸Բԣ
мʮѧʼͷһֱ塣
֪еΪ˺ûȥװƣԺǰ̣üΪԼԺԲԣ
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ҲģԺйҪæˡЦЦԺͬӼǵĻҾ֮ɽĺã˵ѧԺҲҪиˡ
֮û⣬ɽ˿϶٣Щɶ档ô˵ѧԺҲϴˣɲܵӣʦǺѧǶú׼һ£øѧԺųʱ򣬿ɲҪ͵˵ĺʵѧʦװװƣЩС֪ѧԺţƣڴţơ
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325 Ǳ̫ˣ᲻ǣ
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326 󱣽ʱͬ
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328 ӦѧԺʦд
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ѧԺأֵʮʦϵġ
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334 ÿֲĽ
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336 λ磬ҵСܲ
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вϣȷʵѾǿˡ
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ϢԼǴĵӶɵˡ
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Ϣǡ˽ףһСɵʧ˳
ôܣʮ˺˽ףǴ̥￪ʼô
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ҵ찡ѧԺѧҪҪô
ˣ̫࣬Ҫؼң
⻹ôȡˣҲСŮս鲻㣬ǻлᡣ
Ǹţǵϣȫˡ
СȺȻСܱиѺɫɫ涼ǶһͷһСħŮΣֱ棬һѶ̽岻ʮ׳ȴԵۼҳаζ
ΣС׳ȻСŵġ
СȺȻЦѾɵ۵Сɺ׵ĵӣһ͵ǰȻ죬ƺЩ֣λ磬ҵСܲˡ
㱳󡭡һ׵ĵӻɵĻش
ôСЩ֣ʱһȺ˶ˣѾĳ۾ںˣȻܿŹ֡
Ǹţֻһ󵶹
춼Ʈɵ鲼ٿСɵĵӣȫûһõġ
·涼Ƕ紵ವġ
ƭǵģҵȻ֪ڱˣС˵꣬͵ֳս֮Уߵļλ磬ǿҵСô
ãѾ̲ס˴ֿڡ
е˶һ䣬Ϊɶ䣬ѾĹǰɣ
š
ĵһȺСɵĵӸСȵĶ
Ǿĵôס
ԺСȵĵӽţ֮ݱһ־ṦԿ׼ΪҪ졣Σ磬˿ĵɱȻСȣ۵̶ȣСȸʤһԶս۵
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һȺСɵĵӻһ£ޱ
СȺԼĽ㲻ǲ֪дûд֡
⻰˶һ
˳žŸ˵ıȥʱɵۣǾȻоŸŤŤ֣Ȼܳªǿܱϳġ
ѧ԰Сȣ˳ȻЩѧ԰ѧԺ
Ҳһ
㶼д֣㵽֪֪Լѧİ


337 ѧԺǲǷ
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ˣɫ԰ףһһĻɴ࣬һѧԺСŮɱбӵô
ιǱ߰Ǽ棬һͷϿأͿЩСɵ˶Ǳ˼֡ҲνˣЩͷԶ̼ôСȺָͷһ¡
⻰һȺСɵ˺޵ֱ
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⻰һȺ˶ֺܲõԤС
۵ɫСǹ¶Сȱ˵ûн˵ûнŭ
ǲ˵Сȱһϰٿը˳
ͬʱֻСͷɫ䣺˵˭ûнǸȻɡ
λСɵ˻̿ޱȣǿϰٿըֱߵĳ嶯
ʱҲǵǸûУ
С˲֪Ǻá
ѧԺʦǻûиоôǿƣѧԺѧôһʮ˻أѧԺѧ
غһֱӾǵСҪǸСɣʵ
⻰֪ҲˣæǺţǸ˼ټţԺ϶ͻƵ쾳磬Լ쾳ǿߵ³
λҲӲţԲҸղʧ£
Сըת뿪
ۻæ׷ȥбҪСȺúõ̸̸ˡ
ת۱Ե˵
һȺСǱ߶Ѿųˣǲ֪滹ʲôڵǡ
ţɵݺƽźŽ׵Ϊʵɵٴ֮£ҲɵǿˡóǿʵƴһսȻʿȥܲսܡڵ
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ЩСѧԺǲ
˶ڣԼڵƲһˣ治֪ĵӡ
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ΣǾ䣬ҲʮСɵ˵
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ѧԺδкŽ׵ѧݺƽҪǳܻܿȡʤ
ţǹϵɵ棬㻹ԥʲô
һʼɺɾǱѼϼܡ
ںˣҪǿȳս
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ǺðɣΪ滹ѵλţƽԳսܲӮʵǲܱ֤
ݺƽźŽ׵Ϊһ԰ǰһ֡ЦǺǵλţѧԺҲɳĵӴǵʿֻҪʶǵĹ죬ȥһתơ
һȺ˾˵мֵǻȴѾȫĹˡ
ݺƽžŸϳֻһ˽ףĶǺ߽׵ģ⼸ЩСɵǿʵˡ
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Ϊ˸Ϲһ۾֣״̬ܡ
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ǵΪȻֻкף
ѵӮŽף
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꣬ѧԺǲǷˡ
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һɺФ޵ʵûɶ㰡
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Ҳ˵ֱڣǵһֻ۾Ϲţûаװµ۾
һȺ֮Уʽʼˡ


338 ׷̨
ݺƽȻЩţ뵽ѧԺոճѧҲκεķɾ衣
һɺФһֱǣ֣ƺ
ݺƽһǾŸϣ
˻࿴һ˵ͷ
ǵʵݺƽϣʵǸݺƽ̽һһɺФʵ
ž˴ܹһɺФѸٱűͬʱǵ˫ֿʼϵصӸӡӰ֮ʩչ龰ࡣʩչɲһת߶۵ķš⻹ǽ˲ӡԼѧܽġ
ʲôôʩչ
ù죬ʲôѧ
ȫ㲻ڹŪɣ
꣬⵽ʲôѧԺ̵ĶΪʲô˹Ź֡
˶Եʱ򣬿ԿһɺФ۾תתŸֻǿһۣǱһص硣Ǹ棬û̫Ҳûȫǰգʧȥи֪ľżһɱ˲ݡ
Ÿͣ˫ֻŽĶ
һȺ۾㲻ô¡Ÿôͣˣ˫Ŀͣаһͬŵĵںǵ֣Ҳȫá
һɺФһЦظС
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Ѹת򣬳ݺƽΧ˹ȥ
ȻǱߣǵѧûɥʧұߺսӵı뺷ݺƽܻܾ˵ģǾȫһҪĴ򷨣Ȼ˴˳ʮӣݺƽѾȫмܲס˼սȥݺƽ˾ӮҲȻܾˡ
ǰһԵøӵĿӵͷβѧԺѧǸûгһ
һΪСߵĲУʵǿȥˣԼԼսʲôãһԣ䡣ʦѧԺѧ˵ãӰεĴ֮ᡣѾΪԺģһЩǲˣͻƵ쾳磬Ҳܱܿǲݣ
һĻǺеġ
һɺФĻѧӰ֮£ܹǾߵߡ֣ʵǱŴ⣬˻ѧϰһЩǿԶʤڴߵֶΡʩչ˵Ǵңħ
ϣһɺФԵúò
ݺƽߣǾŸҲͣҲѡֻǿϵƣƺô¡Ҳ֪ôǽ͡һȺţҲòֱŵˡѧԺѧʵ̫ˣֶζǵ⡣
ô죿һСɵѯʵҪѧԺͶɣҾüսȥҲûʲôˣ˭֪ѧԺǱ߻жѧ
мСɵ˵ͷǶڱ֡
ôܾô䣬ŵѡ˷ԣǿҪˣ䣬϶ǰʮ㡣ʱÿɶҪɵ뽻ѧԺһһʮꡣҲðôǮȥ᲻á
Ҳ᲻ãʵ̫ࡣ˸žǵ
ǰ˭ãһСɵ̾˿ģڷҪཻĹʵ̫ˡѧԺҲһ󡣲ˣҾûҪȥӮһҲǺõġ
Ҳͬ⣬һһҪٴиСɵ˿
ٴľҲҪǿġ
ΣһҪӮ
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ٴһս
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ʦһҴѧԺսˡ˵ţͬʱһɿֲΪֱϹЩСŵ۾
ԲԲҪ˵ʲôȻֿһɫӰ˱̨档
ʦѧԸѧԺսɫӰͬʱҲԼΪչ¶˳
Ҳո֡׸ȴֱӴԶһɽʯϷɱ£ǿֲһȺСɵĶˡ
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339 
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꣬ǵʲôҶЩԼˡ
ѧԺôѧԺһȣϺʹ𡣡
֪ЩСɵѾ˵ıԶüˡ


340 ǣûɣ
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۲ʶ̩ɽ㿴ܴܲ˲С˹ĹһΡ
ѧԺѧ˵ãǳ׷ˡ
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ǿһӣʵǲ֪˵ʲôãһ䰡ֺٻ黹ˣ˵ȥ̫ˡ
ˣѧԺԺôһƺЩȷǵˣҪ̫ᣬҲΪӣ벻ǴµǿߡǰԼʱȷʵ˵ѧԺԺһоҵģΪ˶˺þá
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ǺðɣһɴҲˣʱȷҲãȷˣ˵ûУǸ˵һʲô飿
Ȼ㶼ֱˣҲĨˡΪѧԺʮСɶΪɣҪڤ̴һ¡ǵ⻰һһ䵱һһô฽ɣڻĶ
ʵ֣ƲССڶ࣬һǼ棬ҲһʮСɡ
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˵еѧԺṩһЩǷչ׳Ķأ
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ʲôһһΪ书ؼǵҩɶÿɿĶ
Сɣжؼ
еһǼ߶ǼСɣǵĴʦ쾳磬ҲǻԵɺϵõһڹķӴ˽ĴšһЩǼɣӵеѧؼҲָģ书ؼޱĶײ⴫
ڵҩСɸݳޱȵĶ
һƵҩҩģͱɸˣЩСɾеʲôҩҲǴӴ߼ġ
һǾȻԸ书ؼ͵ҩЩСɹģһŹ֡
ֻһ֪ѧԺӵ磬ȱľѧؼһЩѧؼѧԺҲûɶãǸЩСɣԺҲвѧԺĵλҵЩСɵĵ֮󣬷ᱻѧԺѧ˵ġڵҩĲ˵һЩҩҲǶúܡ
ЩЩСɣʵҲѧԺģưȫĵһ
˵Ȼģڤ̴ͷΪѧԺĸɣɴ¡ҿһ书ķؼһȭؼһƷؼǵ˵ţȥѧԺΤʦʦ̸Ѿڵˡ
áһ붼ʹӦˣģڤҲֻһ书ķؼҪܴѧԺŪһݣǾԸ⸶κδۣοһȭؼһƷؼʵ̫ˡ
ϲ֮һҲ˹ǳΪѧԺĸɣҪʲô


341 Զ󿪵һ
һ΢΢ЦʵҪЩСҲ࣬˵㡣һ㣬ѧԺҪʱںҡڶ㣬ѧԺвٵĲҵҪϵĵط֪ЩɶٶЩ˾ʱǿһˡ
һ֮Щš
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Ժ˵еѧԺѧؼҩġñЩƸ߼ѧЩСɵʮ궼δʲôɾ͡
ΪȻ
ѧԺѧ֮ô죬ΪиٶȼӳɡԼӳɡʱӳɣôרҵʦָЩСɵĵʲôʲôûСͬһѧؼѧԺѧһ¾ɣЩСɵӿҪĹ

ѧ档
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һʮؼѧԺóõġһоѧķҲѧÿɿһϼΪûвε飬Ի⣬ԺҽģǸڤ̵ĳ͡ȺֱӰѶ˹ȥ
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ģϡһظ֤漴ͶԶ˵ʦ㻹ʲôȥĺûѳϼϵǩԼ顣
ЩãЩƨߵȥˡ
ȻϼȫŶˣԥľǩ˳ΪѧԺɵԼ顣
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꣬С㣬ѧԺҲǺиɣȺôЩɹƶΧȥ˵Ⱥ£ǲҪˣ뵽ɻҪɵΪһʮ꣬Ҿ̲סЦ


342 һŮƬ
С˽أʵ˵С˲׼ȷΪԵĳ¼һ塣
ֻķչģʽһ޶
¼ֻһǼɣ֮ΪǿǳصĸףһŽ׵ߡ
Լֻк߽׵Ϊһ˲Ķӣʮ꣬Ѿ˺˽ס
˺ͳϼ˵ĶԻ˲
˵ʵɵѧԺصĶڵѪ¼ÿҲʹңһҪһЩԴһҪάּתÿҪóһڸѧԺ¼ԺûǮԴ˻Ҫʮ֮ãʱ¼Ҷ֪Ҫɶ١
ɣʵ¼Ҳ˶١
˺ͳϼ˻ϷϷ˼ˣҶʲôʿЩĵӾϷǲ
˵Ҳǵһ䣬ѧԺʲôϵʵԺġЩ˵ţγѧԺĸɣõ书ؼԺ̿϶ܳΪǼɡõ㣬Ҳմ⣬˵ͻƵ쾳硣
ǰҪлһ䣬ϼҲѧԺĴȡȻΪ˵ĸɲôѧԺҪǳ󣬻кôãʵ̫ˬˡȻõĻϼҲҪƷչ˷λᡣϼ˵ʵҲʵ뷨
Ȼû⣬ΪѧԺĸɣԺȫԺѧԺѧؼҩ֮ģɱȴﹺԴˡѧԺţԺ˭ҶǣЩǼǼɶҪһǲѧԺĶ֡ڷϼʵҲڷ
ȻԽȥԽǼ
ʮ֮󣬳ʵ̲סˣЩŭĺ£ȻЩɣ˹ȻǹյġڤԽԽǿѵҲЩͷУڤ̺ϼ۶ռ˱ˣǳ¼ҲҪķչᡣ
뵽֮󣬳ֱ˳
˺ͳϼƺڲŷˣװһһӡ
ϼ˵Ļҿɶˡغߵ֪ɷǳ¼һǳ¼ҲΪѧԺĸɡ
ʲôˣǿʲôû˵ϼǷϡ
Ϲӣߣһӣתߡ
ߣȻװȻˣǾͱҰѴͱȥˡؿ˵ıӰ⣬ĺ£ϵɣһţô졣һӵôɣѧԺǣҲֵ˺á
ػ֪ԼȦ֮УͰɵŶټ
¼ȷģ
ΪɾһܻؼԺܺѧԺףֱ̫ˡ
ʣ߳ȻûнУѧԺǿ϶ģʱ˵ģɵĹ˭Ը⽻
ΪѧԺĸɳеʧǿһ㶼
ֹǲֱ׬ˣ
ڤ̺ϼۣȻԶʳܷŹǡ
ڻУǻǣǵǸһ䣬ѧԺȷʵϵ
Ǿֻаͽˡ
λʲôһţҾͲǶ˸ҺЩԡ
ھ͹ȥ

˵סһȺ˰ѶˡϼԼһΧ
ˣҲҪΪѧԺĸɡ
ҲҪѧԺȡ
¼ˣٽƱˣҪǲӦݹǲ
ҶСɣӦֻҪԸæЩǷһ顣
˭ҪǲǳΪѧԺĸɣ˭ɵĵˡ
ǱΪѧԺĸɡ
˵ɫѿЩʹļ׵ӣû뵽ֵֵزͲϣǷ˺ôϹʲô
һȺЩ
ƺ֪޷ֹЩɣڵҪ뱧ѧԺĴȣһ˵㣬ϾֻѧԺϵ
һȺȻȻĿһ䣬ô࿴ţһֳЩµӡ
һѧԺǰԼ䣬һС⣬ɾ⡣
һֶƵĽǹ裬Цɡ
һŮƬ㿴Ρ
һҾģҪӣļҾȫˡ
һ俴һȺ˲óֶˮ˳಻˼λɷˡ
˵ţһһѵĶ


343 
ŪЩôһ˷ܣҲҪˡ
λţλǰȻǶ֪ˣҲˡ֪һҺѧԺԺʶһõָ㡣ѧԺԺ˵ʴӱԺسɴΪѾڤ̣ҿ϶ѾѧԺѧһ俪ʼ
ѧԺѾѧԺԺ֪ôЩСô˵Ǹϣȫֵһᡣ΢֣ЩڻĶȥ˼ݣҲΪǣ˵ЩСɷչҲףԺѣѧԺҲԸһ
һȺ˾ȻĪĸж
ѧԺԺȻǰˣ⾳ͱǸ߳ȥࡣ
ǰѧԺǰʲô˼ҲǼƽѾǵˡ
ǲǻһʵ̫һЩ
һȻõѧԺԺʶԺǰ;ڤԺ󶼷ˡ
ڳֻж֪һĵУһĻһֶš
Ǻأһʵ
˵ǶţʱҸж֮£ѧԺʵһŵùڤ̳ΪѧԺĸɣǲôţ
ôˣѵѧԺԺӦ
ϲλţµ̫ˡѧԺԺ;ܾңѧԺһѧԺҪʲôɡȻҪҲڤʵ̫ˣǼһҲֲѧԺһ쾳ʦ
˵ҲʵǺѧԺԺôִӦˣ
ôţֱӹ˼ңǸܵҵĳ⣬ŴӦҡ飬ǿ϶벻
ַʲôһȺ˶ˣһ佲µıĺ
Ժ˼Ҿڤ̼ȻΪѧԺĸɣ൱ЧѧԺ־ͽڤ书ؼһ书ķһȭһƷ
ʲôȻֱӸؼ
찡ڤ̾׬ˡ
¼Ŀֻһ֣һΪֻһء
ʱҫİؼ˳΢һ£ѾһȺ˿Ŀˮˡ
ؼⲻ˵ֵǮԺڤ̵ʵ϶һء
ǳϼô£ʱʵ
ʦͳϼʦϵ̫Ͱ˳ȥϼʦһ£ҲҪΪѧԺĸɡʦһңû취ȥѧԺԺѧԺԺһҸҲգҲգҲûоܾҲ˳ϼʦؼ
ȷʵˡϼӻóؼĽһ
˹£һȺﻹܷŹһ䡣
һʱ̾һεȻˣҲֻȥһѧԺԺˣ˼ղЩɣֻ˵Ϊ
лһ
һǺˣм
һͷˣŮһֱš
һﰵЦװģһһҪ󣿡
ʲôҪ󣿡
ܰ쵽ģһæ
һܿڡ
ʵģҾõѧԺԺʶһδεҲᷳҡôҲҪôһѡλſԷģҲҪ࣬ÿһǧ򼴿ɡЩͣҿ϶Ŭ£øλҪĹ˵ǲˣҲȡѧԺԺǽ¡
һȺոһѾϵĶҪô治һĺڡ
ܽ£Ҳֵˡ
һһȺ˻ǴӦˡ
һ⣬漴װģȥѧԺһʮĸɣһһǧǾڣڤ̶ʮˡȻǸѧԺԣٺ٣
һСʱһȥˡ
һȺѶæʱֻһѧԺԺӦˣ棬ǻҪһɵ룬Ƕǵĳͷ֮⣬ѧԺԺҲЩɸһؼǳΪѧԺɵĽˣǳΪѧԺɵԼ飬ûĻǩɣ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ֻҪһɣȻһؼ
ѧԺǲƴ֣ûˣ֪ʲô
λţȽǮȡԼ顣һ䲻һǧ򣬴Ҷˣ֧Ʊ϶û⡣Ҫǿ˭дһ㣬ԺѧԺԺǰ˵
꣬׬ˡѾЦźϲ£졣
һȺǩԼ飬ʱȴһʲô˴ŵ绰


344 ￨
ϣҽôѧԺ̽ѧԺʵĿǰѾѧԺһµ˽⡣ѧԺǿӦþǸصԺ֮һƴµʦѹΪѧԺҾҪԸѧԺҪء
˵ĺеѧԺֻһƴµǿߣһµǿߣɵǿȫ塣λЩ˵ϱϳΪܾ֮˳ЦܲȳѧԺʵѧԺĻ֮ա
⻰Щ
ʵٶŵĴʦɵһλͽٶŷչ׳֮λɵͽʹŰٶŰлعɡڵİٶһɣʵʰɵһ֧ɲǲѧԺɽ֮󣬰ٶΪƣѾռ˲ѧԺ鱨
ϣ³֮ǰΪǰٶԼ䡣
˵滹˼Ϣһй¶ȥ̡
ǣס˵ͷҲ֪·ͬСɣ棬һ¡ѧԺ书ؼҩΪնһȺСɳΪǵĸɡ˵ֻҪΪѧԺĸɣܵõһ书ؼСɼѾȫӦǰٶͬ⣬»б¶Σա
ʲôǰٶҲͬΪѧԺĸɾǣȡ鱨ʱɺѧԺս󵹸꣬˵벻Ч˲뵽һƣˣѧԺ˵ǵ书ؼпȡ֮ǰٶŻõؼ¼һݽ
ǣϡ
ˣʱˡ˵͹˵绰װµĻȥˡ
ѧԺ֮С
ʵк󣬰׺ҲͱѧǴΣȡѾĿǰԺ
׺ͺһŷǷ׺ǶڣǶ⡣ɽһһͨ硢绰硢źŴȫѼصϢ֮ǰҪЩСɵϣҲǰ׺ѼģȻдˡ
ͨ绰Ҫڱĵطģ׺Ҳһܻȡɽ׺ҪĵطҲùͨ绰ݵһʱ䱻
ٶţɣ˼ţҲдµǿߣѧԺͷѵĻֻʦ治һǡܻһǼ￨ƣʱλǼʦʦһ뿪ɽѧԺҲȫˡ
ѧԺĸɽסɽʲô¡
Ϥɵļƻð׺ȫλϵֻԺֻ˻ʹֻϢеݶᱻȡ
ȥ֮װһӣҲǩ˸Լ顣
ԥĻ濴ǩˣҲԥˣʮȫǩԼ顣
һʮݸԼõǰʱǰѰٶŵĸ˳ܺãԼЭԺٶΥѧԺȫǡ
ʦԺٶž㱻ˣҲֻ˵ǻá
ڴ棬ѧԺɲ
ǣҿǻѧԺȡһɵĹôллңһֺõ˵ţҪٽڤһؼʲô͵ĶУ
㻹浱ɢͯˣĲ˵һ֪ĵУôǩԼ飬Ū˲ٺôɣû³һ룬Ѿǹ˼ˡˣʱҲˣϽȥϢɣ
ȥͻȥ
һ䲻ҷϻͬʱҲԼЩ̫̰ˡ
εЦЦһʵҲͦ˼ģԺҵļƻܳɹ˵ҲܳΪѧԺѧ
һ֧顣
ʮѾʽΪѧԺĸɣ⻹ΪҪϢֲС
İ취Ȼ˹ϷϢ
ѧԺֲ˵ĳ£ƵϢ֪󷢲Ҫʱ䡣
ҪѧԺҲܳΪ˵ĳ¾ͺˡţʱϵͳ֮кȻһʾ
ѧԺΪ˵ĳ֮һޡǼ￨ƣʮ¹ҩ衣
ǿ֮Щס
￨Ƹǲ֪ɶ˼ϵͳ˽͡


345 Ժ
ν￨ƣʵָߣпǰħ
ЩɵۣҲޱڴ
˵ģϲĺ˵·ɣֻǾ˼һЩñ¡Ķġٱ֪ĻӰߣеҲ˼ӰҪһѧԺʦѧԺҪر𿪸ࡣ
֮⣬еħɽеķҲˡ
֮࣬Ҳ뿼һѶȡϾһж״Ѹð׺ϣˣﻹҪǿһ㣬׺ʵҲа׺ˡǱСŮŵģȫУʦôͬΪСͯһȺʦͬ⡣
СͯȻҲǰİ׺ˣһ̫͵ĹŴͯӣԵúȤ
ͯһ¹ڳΪ˳µİ취
ǣԺ
ܿͳˣǴһ£Ѷȷʵе
Ϊһֱĳ¾ֻ˵һ࣬һ١ÿһɳΪ˵ĳ£϶һҪʧȥλáΪռ˹еһѧԺҪΪµĳ£ĸ¹
Ժ˻ٿһδᣬɵĳλҲǸʱڡɿ϶ΣɾóһЩɲĶɺܾܿͻʧȥµλáѧԺҪΪ˵ĳ£ץסλᡣ
֪ˣھ³£ȰɵҲѼҳʱ俴һ£Ȼȷô졣
ǣԺ
ڶһ磬֪һϷҪˡ
ЩСȻΪѧԺĸɣûмѧԺλԺ϶ǲġ
ԣѧԺԺ¶һС
ѧԺĴ棬дȺСɣλţԻҪô
ýˣǶΪѧԺĸɣԺ϶ΨѧԺհ
ѧԺʵǿǳ׷ˡ
֪ѧԺԺɷһǣǳѧԺõʹͣ뵱л
һȺ˵ĻûпڣԲԲ˳
˳ԲԲ
ֻԲԲܣڵλţԺһģǸոյϢѪ޿˾ȻûԺǰɱ޿ˡ
һȺ⻰˲֮ǰһ¡
˵ѪĸԸ屻ԱȫȥԸ޿˶䲻
ʱϢ黪֣˶˭Ѫһ塣ԲԲĻһж˽ͣԭѧԺԺΪһȺȻ֪Ѫʵ޿˶ѧԺԺǸȷѧԺԺΪ
λǱǸû뵽ԺͻȻǰȥװ˼Ը˽ץѧԺѧı׵Ĳҵʵ񼫡ϴο޿ӵһ·γȻڽӡ
Ժ˼Ȼ£Ǿˡ
ǰɱ޿˲Ǵ£ȻԺǻ
֯Ժ鵽޿˵䡣
ԲԲһȺ˿ڣֵλˣȻۼԺԺϳλǿԸеġʱԺˮУֱǰԺλǰУ϶Ҳᱶο
һȺ˵˵ͷУҲܿˡ
˵һȺ˶źɽȥ
Ŵ󺣣ֻһɫӰվںϣƽһ㡣
ðԺ
λԺԲԲָָ
ֱվˮϣ쾳϶
Ǵµǿߣϧ̫Զʵڿ
ǿߣһֻһӰҲ֪ˡ
ĽѧԺѧȻԺ
λţλʦذɣһȻĶȫ־ˮˮһΡ
ֻ棬ˮںɱ˫ʵϹһȺСŵ۾
һԿĶֻһЩţһЩҲ̫ɧˡ
ѵװҲԴȾЩֵš
һȺСҲڿʼɡ
ߵʱǵĵ˼ѧԺĿγ̡֮ǲ֪ʲô˼ҵʦ
ʱȥ죬Ϣڴ黪ģ߶Ϊ֮𾪡
ʱҲ֧һǼ￨ѾУȻǸ֪˶Ϲ


346 ʥľ
ϸǼ￨Ƶ棬һݺƵߣʲôͬƽүүһ㡣
ǷƱ棬Ϣ˴һ
ֻƱдţ
졣
ԣơ
ʵ浤˼
ӵѧ׻֡ʥľָԪ֡ɲɺʥ䡢򽣹ڡ޾̡ѩѪצ
ӵмܣļ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺѧʦѡ޿Σʦ
ǿ֮ʵǱ׵ĲᡣǵΪȻﵽ˾˵浤˼ɱĸС硣뵽֮Щս棬Ҳһ㶼ˡ
Ȼǵ书
ǿĿˮҪˣȻѾѧϰ书۵̶ȣ϶ǵʤһ˵ģʥľޱȵӵ˳ϣഺ߸аֹ칥ʽñʥľʥĽٸȫѧ롣
ʵҲˡ
˵磬ʵѾǵ䡣
ϸ˵Ӧڸ磬еĸֹҲͨѧһֽڴ˵еɹϾʲôģС˵֮и󡣺ñ£Ҫ˵Ҳǲܵġڷ֮иǳȻȻǲһС˵֮ȫһֽɣἰ˵ˡ
˵ףľһ׵Ĺһ׵ѧ
ҲĿǰҪġ
ĲͬҲ÷ǿߣһĴڡ
ûж룬Ǿϵͳ˵ʥľҲǵǿ书ŹݴԺаʥľʥĽΪ֮𾪡˵ģʥľĵ׾ȻԻΪף֮ʱһըʥĽٵĽ٣Լ֮Ĵ֮ģĸѶ
µļٸԪѾԽ浤
СʱǲʥľݡЩƵǣǰõЩѧ˲ȻԼѧ໥ںϡʥľʵ̫߶ˣȫ֮ȴ޷ڵѧΪһ塣Ҳһ㣬ʥľڲĹдá
ܰʥľϵ֮УĹ˵һ޴ͻơ
ʼٻ죬һѪ䵽ƬϣֻһӴаЦ紩ռ
Ժݼ
ã
ǿǰĵ죬һʱȻЩʧ
ǰĵӦǲο˷ƵӾԼȻϵͳһЩǵ컹ǱһЩеı顣
ñЦݣ˸оǼƵóһ
Щ
ʦչȸһѧԺɣ
õģԺ
֪ǵԺݣࡣ
ǸѧԺͬʱҲ˽һµǾȵǣ첻ǻǧϹ֪ѧֱ֮ɳʤǾÿܶԼõħֹԪ춼֪һ
ѧԺʦ죬Ҳ׷׿ʼк
ò˵ܻ˴򽻵ֻһĹͺѧԺʦ
ԲԲʦƽôִƼĶܺ棬ϵѯʳԲԲ
ǵģ⼸ļУСϷŵӰС˵ͯÿѼЩȻУ㹻ǲġֻǿϧԺͯгණȻҾ㿴һЩĶ֤۽硣ԲԲЩԹ˵š
һʮҪǲͯгһЩԺѧԺС顢СӰˡ
ǳԲԲѾȫ֪ڲʲô
濴ʹһСϷȻ֪˳һӺһƿ֣ŶѾѧԺʦΪܸߣƴҶܰһλ͵ϵ˿
ʦȻˣҪǻʲôģʳԲԲʦɡǸɴˣյʱ򣬵ʦ԰Լ֪ѧĬдŵѧԺͼݡ
֪ˣԺӦȴȫȫϷ
һ飬ѧԺѧָȥˣ֮ǰҪʦѧһùΡ
û⣬û⣡
ǿһĵӣеҪҲ˵ˡ
Ժȥ֧񣬿ɲһǼ￨ƣǻһݴء
ջԲһǼ￨СҪࡣ


347 ݿ
ǻصԼİ칫ңϵͳҪȡش
ϵͳصشѾţա
ѾƷ
һƷһöϤĽͨöԽһҪĽ
ڶƷʮʮһ£
Ʒʮʮһ£
Ʒһֱǳȸᡢ񵶡黷𹳡ǹ
ƷһɫƬǴδĿƬֻдݿ֡
ǲסĶ⣬ݿʲô˼
ϵͳǲϹ¡
ݿһ⿨ƬʹݿԸѾ֪ϢݳһЩûз飬Ҫ⡣ñѾ֪ҪԸѧԺʹݿݳѧԺѵӦ԰취Ҫõıȵȡ
ǲһЩ𾪡
ݿֱǿʹݿһЩı϶
ȴ뵽ݿҪһãǾԼĹ˵ʵϵֻԼĻ֪ҪʹݿܽԼʱ䣬һҵһ·
ݿʵ̫ˡ
ݿеʹյϢҲѧѧյѧ֪ʶȻǻѧԽ࣬ѧ֪ʶԽḻҲԽӵΪݿֻһţǸʹáԼյѧȫգȥѧϰеѧ֮󣬲Żʹá
еƷȥԺ
ұߣѧңңԣҲǰƻҪѧҵĵط
ѾһЩѧңȻҲܲȫʹԼѧûȡ
ϾѧᶼýֱӶġ
ԺΪѧԺԺԽǺԽ벻Ժڡڴˣѧˣ˽ңһѧУĻͶˡԺѧϿҲһԺԺҲδɡţѾѽ嵽֮С
Ժ֮Ժ֮еĽӣʼ
ֻһʯεضһĽҿʼ۳ͣн̨пѧרųء
ʦѧǶ𾪵ĿһĻ֪ѧԺһĪܣǳ˿ġ
ʮ֮нҽɣһǶʮļңÿҿɼʮ˵˲ȣһ¶ҿǧˡʦѧ֮ܽУ̾ԲԲ㹫ֱӿʼͳƽҵȻʦγ̵СŮα
ǺԼĽЩңԺԺֻԽӵ֡
صѧԺ֮Уǲ鿴һѧԺ״ѧԺĿǰӵеѧĿѾ٣ϵĽһˣԪĻֻкһˡ֮⣬ѧԺȽעĿһЩƷˮ֮츳ƺ֮츳Ƶڶû˶һ
ǿһѧǵ˪϶㹻һһ츳ƵģѾ츳ǺҪǿҲԶһһţȻ־ڴˡǻ֮壬ǲҪ츳ơСȾһȴһ㡣
Ҳã̫׶һˣҲûɶ˼
ǲڲ鿴ѧǵϢȴǿʼ滮ѧĹ
ҪĹ϶˲磬֮ǻָ磬ʱԿЩ꼶ѧȥ
ʱȥ仯ܴ
ʮСɵŻȥ֮ѾѧԺˣ齨ľùͬ壬ٲȻΪ˻ǿĲ֮һѧԺȽļԼƣȴǵõֲֻһµʱ䣬ƹ˾ΪѧԺҵֵѾһµľ󶼴ﵽһڡ
ЩѧԺСҲ׬ٵҲɡ
ֵһ˵ǣѾֱӹѧԺĲҵ๫˾Ҫְת˸ѧĹ
ǿѧԺϵ׳󣬺ܿģҲο
ͬʱһֵʽʼˡ
ѧԺѧǶˡǰվŵҦԵúܼεķݡ
ôʱҦܵS+츳¶ɣƺѴ֮һѧĲѧͣ⣬ҦܵʣҦڲһ˿֮һشԪĴС


348 ûʲô
ǿһȺ˷ޱȵѧ˴Ҫȥ˲磬εѧԺƶҪԵ񡣡
һȺѧϸ
ǿʼϸݣй1͹3ؼѼûκε⡣
ǵ˵2ʱԥ˰죬ҧҧʣؼһֽҪɱƻǵǵѾƶ˼Ҫɱľ
һȺѧоԼˡ
ʱֻǼֵѧȥɵǷ壡
漴ʮѧ֡
֮¾ĵġ
⡭ȻҪɱǷ壿
飬ǲҪɣ
ԺǺˣɫ
ʲô̫ӵˣ
Σֻý͵ǲҪʲôѹɱľ󶼻ΪѧԺʦ
⻰һȺѧûôֿ
Ǽ
ֵѧȥɵӡ
ֵѧȥɵɽͯѡ
ֵѧȥɵĽݲ
ֵѧȥɵԶɽ
ֵѧȥɵ

ҪɱҪ񣬻ɨɮȡǺӡϺľ塢顢졢ϵȡǵѧûԼɱ֮ǰɱѧĿꡣȻЩѧĿɱ
һȺѧ֮Щ
ôҪɱľȻҲǷޱȡ
ˣ˲ɣ
һȺѧŶӽ롣
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֡˲ʵʱΪ31ʱΪ׼ѡʮ죬ʮԶش
֡˲統ǰʱΪŋָһǰԺٽеڶʱʾ
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ʱŋָԱߵɽ档
һΣҦܡͣǴ͵ԺʲôȻ͵͹һʯͷ棬΢ƶһ㣬ǵµĽࡣ
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Ҧܲ˲Щ£ҾѧṦôߵĵطȥ϶ҲΣա
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һӣƾͻǻҺɫӰӡ
ֻоһۣѾѪڣڳǻҺɫӰӿȥȻһֵֻС
˿С䵽˳ϵһС棬졣
ҦҪ̾Сʵ¶ƽءǺȻȴ飬Ҳĺڲģȫȫʹһ
Ҳ޷վʯϣֱֱĳȥ
ȥһ̣Ҧ뵽һֿܣСѲֻ
¿ȥʱ־ϲ˲֮еĵˤȥĵطŋָء
СҦȥҲѸٵĳ汼ȥ
콥غˡ
ǿʼ֮УҦʱ˹
ҵǸҵù
Ķ֮󣬸ܶҦתڵܿͰѶʱѹȥܽⶾýⶾСֻϸһԼĿڴȴǷԼļֵҩˡ
ʱֱӾͱ͵ϣĵҩǲˣ϶Ҳǵ⸽
Ҧ֮ͨҵһӣʼϸҡ
һСʱȥȴëûҵ
СҦüƿˣҩܽ˰ɣҪֻѶƳڵΪҪȫЩƸɾҲҪµʱ䣬ʱѧԺ񶼲ˡ̫ˣѵҵĵһزˣ
ҦܣЩͷɥ
ȻԶ𣬸߲߲߲죬ţ裬ȴֶ˼֮⡣
ҦܻͷһǾȻһֻСС󡣬磬ȫʤѪ۾ȴ⡣СС棬һڰ쵵Ĵ߰˴糤
Ҧ϶ʱϲɫǾԺûжʲôˡ


349 Ŀȫǵŋָ
Ҧ֪˲ģﲻ֪ʲô
ԭ֮У࣬ȴԵɺ֮ʳ˾޶ç򣬴ӴϮ֮·
Ҧģ¶ʱӶԼⶾҲԼͰٶ֮塣
֮Ҫץסç綾书
Ҧܳ˼һ£СĴóѷɵҵСɵֻǸոţϣһУ
еѷɵͬʱ˳ȥ
ֻǾ޶ֱӱɵ˵ϣçȴǶˡ
ҦܸоҪ㣬çˡ
ֻû뵽ǣçҦڹܣҦܽлҪҦܷ
Ҧܻûм첻µزµСʱҲࣺȻ㲻ӣǾ͸ɣ
һѷɵٴγçȥ
çܿ죬һͶ㿪ˣȴ͵سҦͬʱһźҦ֪çı£ûһ׼ֻҦˢһ˺ԼӣһӾɢ˺Ȼһͷ˩סֱסç
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һʯͷһ򵥵ʯȻѰç;޶˽ȥ
ҹȻšҦЦǷһ⣬ҪһЩôأ
Ҧܿŋָء
˵ֱ˽ȥҵ˶ɽ񣬳ĳȻ˺ݵţóе貨΢ͱڤؼҲŹģһЩľľΡ١鼮ʲôģҲȫһԵĸ˺ˡæ˰죬㹻ˣǿĿȫǵŋָأ˽֪ʲô뷨
Ҫ֪ŋָرƻӣֻΪҦܰҩûв𣬺߻᲻
ȻǿʼˣȻѲҦܡ
ֱӰѶɽĳﻹֹҶԲ㣬ĻԵҸûˣɽҲûˡԺ̸ûɶˣ㻹ǺúõصӰɣ
˵ţҦϵĶˡ
ģҦܰҲ漴ӽȥˡ
󿴵貨΢ͱڤ񹦵ؼȴûգѧѧԺʵˣˮʦ֪ıڤƺɴ໹Űɡ⣬ѧԺҪѼѧؼôѼôؼ϶Ҳܻü㡣
ˮһͷɫҲЩ
Ҧܼ󣬿ʱԱߵСһ졣
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ЩȻҲҪɱľֻǹĿ꣬˭ɱ
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ƵĿҦܣЩ̨֣
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ֵĿҦܣ̨ǰʲôȻȳζ
Ҧ˶һۣҩҪô
һȴ͵سҦܵʯȥ̨ȻҲо仰˵úãţо仰˵巢֮ĸˡԵĸĸô
ҦܸûзһžҪ£±ˡ


350 ƵҦ
æȥֵɻˡ
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ȴĽŽž˵ϣۣʯͷ̫Ӳ
Ҧһûôʯͷ۲Ź֡
ʯȥȻɽһЩҩҺʣµĻа֮ࡣҦĸоֻǸȻһžԸ߷ˣʱ϶ʣ
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ҦţֱӱʯҪһ
ʱ֪ȻҪ
̨ȻƽҪǰԾӲ
꣬㻹ûˡ
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ҦʱҲĥ䣬죬ھͰҩҺȹˡ
ӺҦѾҩʹ಻ѣ̨ΪʲôҪأ
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Ҧܲл֣̿߶ֻιȥѹӾͰٶˡ
Ѿ޷ڡ
֪꣬ҾͲˡ֪ɱ˶С
Ҧ뷨ĸоܱҪ̭ԺѧԺ̧ͷ
飬ʵ̫ˡ
Ҧ֪ܲιȥ֮󣬶̨֪գǰˣҲиϰɣ
˵ţ˵ϵ貨΢ͱڤؼ
ֱӴ˿ѵ飿
ֻǿݣˡ
书ؼȻ书ؼ
֮ǰһ¶˲ʲôҦܾǹǰ书ʵǸмֻǿϧ֪ǰʲôԸȻһɡ
еҦܣǺˡ

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ʱؾԱߣһ۵Ŀɮ˺Ȼ֡
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ֻɨصɮˣôʦʩҹ֣һ·ˣ˵áɨɮϸǣޱ𾪡
ǾǴ󺣣ǿһȫûб߼ʣûз
ѾȻǾͨˡ
ʦǫˣһؾѧؼʦͨڡǸûʲôģ⻰һɨɮһ¡ʲôһؾؼõֵô˽͵ؼȻ˵˹ûʣʵ̫ţˡ
ɨɮϾǵõˣѾûŻ֮
ԭ磬ĽݲԶɽ͵ѧ书ɨɮûֹʺǵѧǾԱߣɴ˿ɼɨɮο
Ȼ
ɨɮ˼һµʩ书ǿؾ֮еѧȻԡЩѧ伮ö𻵣ʩĵʱ򣬻СһЩ
ǵ˵ͷ漴˲ؾ֮С
ò˵ֲؾѧʵ̫ˣһܰһܣۻҡ
ǴӵһؼĵٶȺܿ죬һЩ򵥵ؼ۾ᳬһӡҲһЩǳԣȴµؼҪʱġ
ڼ䣬˼ȱؼ˳ָ˺Ĺ
⵱ȻǺģֻΪ֪ЩؼᱻᵽѧԺ͵ǰѧԺ޶ؼˡ
һҹȥǿٶ౾ؼɨɮǺ棬֣𾪣ǿǲȫļؼǰһĸо

˵꣬תȥ
ؾÿ϶ֵӹҪרĿ飬϶С컹еĬдѧҪҲš
ɨɮȥ˳˼֮С
ʱŋָء
ҦƵת˹۾һ̣ᱼĸоããҪ汻ǿӻˣ̫ԩˡ
ÿϵһϯҦЩŭŋָء
ֻǵ˶֮Уɵˡ
֪ʲôʱɽ˼룬ڶ룬һȫˡ
Ҧ۾ɵɵҿ϶û˯ѣԣ϶


351 Ϊ
Ҧܿ˲ǱˣǶ
Ҧǣ֮ǰûκΪĶ֪ôļΪΪȻ
Ҧߵ˶ߣǱڤ񹦣Ҹԭ֮Աڤ¶ھǵңȫѧ
ҦܾƣһƱ˶תͷһ룬Ƿˡ
ҪͨɱҴϵҲͨźûãɱ˶вֵ
ףʲô
Ҧڶǰһƿһ񲼣ǴƿдžԪ֡
Ҧͷԭ֮иû˵ʲôԪ
һ񲼣ҦôоЩϤӦ֮ǰڤ񹦺貨΢ؼõġʱʱΪûзؼĳҲ˳ֱ
ԭ֮еڣӦдɱңɵ֮ĻѵʲôԣҦϸһ£Ȼ񲼵ǰһݼԭһģһԭµЩ֮󣬾ȻһΣ˼֪ѧѣɱңɵӲô׵ģžԪ֮а͸ݻܻþԪ
ʲôǾԪҲ˽͡
⾫ԪһΪϵҩңشһžʮ깦
ȫ£лʶԪ硣
Ҧ֮ܿʹʧһоˣЩѧ֮˲Ͳԭ˲ˡгһЩϧ֣ҵҪϸһ㣬žԪɶҵˡڿƿֻʣһţŶӦöǱˡ
ֻʣһžԪҦȻٱ˶
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ת̵ķҩҩתɹӿĵ⾫Ԫ˵ʮΪȻЩʣҦܸоѾѧԺǹҩǿࡣʮҦܸоԼΪڷͻƵ߼תͻƵ˼
ףֱ𾪡
۾ʱ򣬻Щʧ⾫ԪȷʵճžܳԪ磬һôҲҴԪͻƵԪżǡʱˣ⾫ԪҩЧǰȻҲĹ̫߼ӵΪøӾˡ
ʱ򣬶Ҳ˹
Ҧܿһ۶ΪȻﵽ
ҦܺǺˣ֪ʲôǹ⻷ˡȻȣǶȴǷ˾Ԫ˱ڤ񹦺貨΢
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Ҧܵ뷨ԪҲģǶԸ
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ҦܿЦãն˼ƺûпϵݾͰˡ
ԭȻ˷绯
뵽·ǱģȻҲ񣬸õԪоһ
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ҲߣЩظԼǺģһбӦҦܡΪˣΪžԪҦܵǸ˵Ҧܱ֤ıڤ񹦺貨΢ؼԲκˡҦܱҪӽȻҦܣܿ˾ǽ飬ͲնͷջֽΪֵˡ
Ҧ֣ûȥȣұ뿪
֣ԵԸһ֮
ҦҪְæǸˡ
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˳ŋָأվ飬ȥٹĸ׾顣
ʱֻҦ֣ܵѾ񹦴ɣαȥٹԮ
һҲԣõĸĸҪ֪˴£϶ͽģǾȥá
Ҧܵĺ֮£ҲĴ
ҦȵԵ㶫ϾǶþûԷˣȻͬ
ҦϲľӦþ
ִݻ֮·ʹ˿ʼˡ


352 Ҿǹ⻷
˵˳֮УҵһҾƹݣ˼ţ⣬
ԷʱҦҲܱߵۡ
ᵽľģ˵һȺ׷ɱʲôŮӡҦ֪׷ɱŮӦþľ壬׷ɱӦɹġ֪ҵľС˼ȥľʱһɴŮӽ˵ꡣ
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ˣһȥ
ߣȥˡ

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Ҧܶʱӵ
ǰΧסǵĳģȻһĲߣͻӡ
˵˾Ϻˡ
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Ҳˣ˺һ顣
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Ҧܶʱԭ֮вࡣ
һʱоҪ㣬ͲܶԸġ
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Ҧ⻰뿪ڣԥٴȵľѾѣô㲻ܡֵܾƴҲᱣ㡣
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ߴߴʲô˭߲˵žͶ֣ЩҲǸŶ֡
˶ʱ˻ս֮С
ò˵Ĵ˵Ϊ˼۷ΪֻǼоʹĶľڽڰˡ
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ʱľҲӲƴ͵һڣһƥɫǷɱ˹
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ЩƵʱȴǸо屻
ֻľһץסһ˾Ծ˿
ҦȫûзӦԱߵĶѾסʱֻľ֧˶ǰˣͬʱιӣһЩ߰ɣ
Ҧ⻰Ц磬ɶʱ䵽³ˡ


353 ɴûüҿ͹
ԼҲˣô
һ̣ľͣҦܾߡ
ȻܷŹľ壬ں濪ʼ׷ɽׯһȺҲǸ˺档
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Ŷõġ
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Ҧܷ˾ţ֮ľȡ°漴ŽһȺ˹ȥ
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ʮȥӲǱסˣЩɽׯȴǸоΣգ׷ˡ
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Ӳģ˺ݣֱ˷˹
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Ҧ֮ȴȫסȻľĻϡ
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⻰ȴ̲סЦľ壬Χɴñ˿òͽܲ뿴㳤ɶӣȻɱˡҾҪͽܵԸ㵽ǲǳ˹֡
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СƤӦǸɫ͸ܰɣһͻȻŶˡ˵һòˣķɴҸҿɡٺ٣к׿ϲˡ
⻰ͿһƿնģҪͽԸûʲô顣
кƮȻ˼ǰṦȷʵߣͽ޸ܣ˻áʦͽԸӺ
⻰ʱ۽УҪк׶֡
ľһһᣬҦܾҪܡ
ֻкһ׷ǣȻһĳľͱ˳ȥ
ߣӣк׵
ľû°ɣҦܿľѪϢң֪ǲˡ
û¡ľɫЩ԰Ҧӣ䵽Ĵ˵Ƕˡ
ġҦܵ˵ͷ
СƤҿɴɣк׷ЦѾԵЩȲ
ҾҲóѵġľ޺޵ҦӣȻʶãΪ壬
ľǲҵһòҦܼæס̫Ϥˡ
ǣһòܱȱǿáľ岻Լͼ
ǾͲˡҦܼæ˰֣ɲľ巢ʲôľ˵ľʦԺѧԺԭҵĲ֮
Ҧӣ˵ʲôľˡ
Բ·ˣҦܴսľߣĽͬʱ͵سǰһֱͣӴ̴ľ塣
һĻʵ̫˼ˡ
кɵˡ
±ˡ
ľҲһŵӣôûнҿɴ͹ˣɱ˾ȻҦܣոջиˡ
ҦܵĿ֮Уľ廯һâʧ˲硣
ǿк׺ľʬ廹úõ
Сӵʲôʧķ裬СŮ˵ɱɱˡкЩߵ
йŹ֡ȴЩġ
ҲˡҦһЦĽ⡣
Ѿɱľ壬϶ʲôڡ
к⻰ȴǸš
˼۷ΪôᱻҦɱӡ
ҦȴѾö˵ʲôֻϺȻ˳ǿƣͬʱĽǰ
͵ڿն𣬲ת糵һ
ΧĿˣΧĿռޱѹ֡
СҲ˼Ϊס
û뵽ǾȻۣСصĺ
ֵǵڶÿ϶ܵסҦܵһ
ǵҦܵĽǽʱһɨһк׵ĸצֱӱиΣҲһΪ
ţҦܴǵϷɹ
һ
˵͵سΡôҲǺȻ㵹
Ҧ£˿ʬ壬ϸһ˿ЦݣʦҵйȻžԪһ϶ҲʬΡ
Ҳи֣һɣ
ԭ˵ܼ򵥣֮Ϊʩչһϸ˿ĽȻնɱһС
֮Ǹһʩչ˹ƿֲ
ҦֻܽţСԣԺ󻹲֪жһ档


354 Ǹ쵰ɣ
Ҧһһɸ޷ʹá
ÿʹù󣬱һʱ䣬۵֮Źʩչڶεġ
ز˲ҦԵú档
ѽǸɽʦģƽʱʹáҲǺĽ̵йأý߲׳ÿȻҪѪҦγɱ˵Ǵˡ˿ڲѧѾյϵͳ֪ͨħؼЩ㵡
Щѧٶ죬ȻѾɱ
ǳ˼һ£ӦϵͳľΪʦк׾Ͳˡ
ľΪʦǿ϶ġ
˲֮УЩŮʵԵʦҲһԱľΪߣȴǺиԵŮʡȻΪҲߣȴЩͯӣӦúѧϲкʵ̫ɫﲮ⣬Ҳûʲô⼼ܣǷΪá
ǣ
ô
ľԼҲѾɣǷ鿴
ʱͲ鿴ˣɣ
ǼѧΪ˻ʹʮ
ͨĲϲоԼѧڷٵ˵졣
֮еѧȫ꣬ǲ֪ᵽʲô̶ȡ
ЩѧĵȼȻߣһѧʹŴߵһ˼롣ѧ˼뽻ڵһ飬۳ɴ󺣣ȻᲨӿޱ޼ʣԺڿоʱʹݿϵͻȫҲ᳹߳Լĵ·
Ƕδ㽡
Ҧɱ֮󣬿ֻк׵ʬ廹ڣѾ֪ô¡
Ժ㡣
Ҧк׵ʬ壬ѸԶݡ
ֻ߳ȥʮȻһȺˣȺ뻹һʮͣһòŮ
˿̣Ůš
϶ˣҵãɱҪһ
Ҧﾪϲ֮£ֱ˳ȥôˡ
һ˷ܵ飬ҡ
ʱЩ׽ס
Ϊ׵һź߽׵ΪҦ֪Ӧ˾ũİڹչͳϽ
ǺˣȻҪСѾͷ
˭ǲҪ֪
Ҧ˵ţ֡
Ľ̶ֱ糤ǹһ㣬ũİڱһɱҦ֣ܶ˾ȻԴУһȺΧסҦܣͼɱҦܡǷ֣ҦܵΪܿģǺҦ֣ܽһ֮С
ᣬΪ
ˣӣ
򲻹̫ǿˣ
˾Ҳд󾪣˲⣬ֱӾǳ鱼ȥһץסĲӡ
û˾ҦͰ˸ɱˡ
˾ŭСӣ㲻ҪôȻҾɱ
Ҧ⻰ȴ̲סЦ
ʲô飬Ҫ֪ҲɱĶ
΢΢һЦҦ͵سȥһ̳ȥȻֱ顣
鵱ɵˡ
˾Ҳסһ䣬굽ô£
Ҫʲô
ˣֱǷˣ
ҦٶȲһ̴壬ͬʱ˾ࡣ
˾סؿڳźˣһľɫ㵽˭СѾͷġ
Ҧܵ˵ͷҵȷģΪҴͷβΪɱΪʲôѾûʸ֪ˡ
ᶼˣһ˿âƺϾҪ뿪硣
ҦܿЩεʦǶԲסˣѧԺڣԺصѧԺǸ

䣬Ѿʧ˲硣
ʱѧԺ
ԲԲӯӯոհźľԲԲܹѧԺľҲ֪龭
ҦܣصѧԺҶȻÿľ뵽ҦɱʱӣڶǺ޵ֱֳ棬ۿҪиˣȴǱɱˣѧԺҲ׵ĹҦܡ
͵ˡ
ԲԲֻӸһƿþƣֺǺǵҦܵ顣
ףȻѧԺˡԲԲ飬ÿεһСѾͷѧԺֶһŮʦ
ľ㣬ôҲ⣿һ۾Ϳľ壬Ȼڵľ廹档
ɱˣȻˣҲǡľ֪ɱ˭Ǹ쵰ɣ
Ҳ֪˭˵Ƕҵġұ˾ЮֵʱһԥľͰҸɱˣʱҶˣôȻõ˹ѧԺļ䣬˵ʱ򣬻һ


355 ս
㿴ǲˣľóһƽ壬ҦܵϣҦܵƬ⻹ԲԲҪģΪľǱҦܡȻͳԲԲҪϵʱ˵Ǻúý̵ҦܣҦԲԲǺεﲻ֪ľ뷨Ҳּɡ
޺޵ֻתۣ˼ƫˣľ㣬ʲôܷ⣬ܰսȥ
ʲôƽԣ˵ѧԺƹ˾ġҲǰսȥֻĵһֵƬһҲ쵽һƽԣҪѧϰĶľ˵ţƽԵͷһŸд
ԲԲЩ̿ոսľģû뵽ľͦѧá
飬ȻҲɱģԺصѧԺһÿľֵȻûʲô˲Ͻ֮£˼ֶԸҦܵİ취ԲԲһĺ뵽һ仰ǾǧҪŮˣȻ϶Բ˶ߡ
󣬳ԲԲֿʼѧԺ
ʦ֪һСŮʦҲʶһ¡
˲֮УҦá׵ɱ˼һ˶ĻԵȻû꣬Ҳܲˡƻż˶ߣȻ취ɱԼŪؼһĻ졢ϺǷҶĻһɱˡ
Ƿ壬Ҧܴ˴εɱĿꡣ
֮ҦܻҵǶڻ˾նϳɢҩѾҦܴ˾Ϸˡֻ˶ľ飬úõغŪһȻҪǱ֪ɱľ飬ʱ򲻷Ź֡
ݼʱˡ
ҦܳųȥҲ˵ʱֿĵطڶ᲻ˣҦһ㶼ġϾ˼Ҳ˲ǣô׹ҵġ
Ҧܻȥ֮󣬻ҵ˶
һҦܣѣҦ֣Ҿ֪ġôһˣľôڣ
ҦܿʼľﲻңԼһȥȽʵǸϣֻ۷
ľΣˣ
Ҳ֪
ҦޱȲӣҲʲôıһļƻԼô֮ġǵҦѶֳʱ򣬶˾һȺȫɱ鲻֪٣ûͷ޹֮£Ҧһ𷵻شҦҪĽ

Ҧ֮⣬ѧԺ֮ѧҲн
ɽׯһСŮеģСȡ˲ͬǣֱӱ͵ɽׯҲ֪ô£Ȼܵϲɽׯ֮У֮⣬Ҳλߡ
Сã䣿
ǰŋ֮еѧ֮࣬ﲻ˷ˡ̽㣬ϴκ˵ôˣҪϲ㣬ֻһƿǲеġҪϰ䣬ҪǿİԶ벻㡣
ǰ̺ѧԺ֮е̻Щͬģò϶һЩ
ô˵أѧԺ֮е˲ԭɵģȴ̸ӵѧԺ֮Ѿһ̣Ϊдųԣ˵һĪĹҲ޷нѧԺˡΪˣǸѧ´ɱҲûаΪ
Сڳ취䡣
ʵһֶȤζԭ֮е̲ѧȴ书ôȴҪ̴ս̣ܵĽݸһ֡ȻЩѶȣ츳ܸߣɽׯҲ㹻Դ֧
ٿǿǡ̳˼һ£˵⻰ȻĶˡ

ڻʹ֮С
ʩչЦֶΣѾΪ˻ʵ۵ĸ
ҪľǴһǿޱȵγһɣܱĹҡ

ɽ翷塣
ѾɹչڵͯѷϻͯȻһɱͯѡ

Ӳĵط۵ѧࡣ
Щѧż˵ģõӵĴ˵һ졣

ؤ֮С
ѧΪԩǷ׼ɱǷð취
ʱعȥת۾ʮ졣
ʮʱ䣬ǽʮѾװֵѧ꣺ʦѾѧ֮ǰ֪ܷʹʦдһ
ǻҪ̽һɨɮΪ
Ϊѧǿ·ҲҪ֤һԼǰʵ
ɨɮЩȵĿǣû뵽ô쿴ѧ


356 ɨɮʵ
Ͼֵѧ̺ͨһѧȫҲҪСʱǼʱ䡣ʮ쿴ؾѧȫһ˼顣Ȼɨɮ֪ʹʮ֪ˣͬǻ𾪡
Ҫԭ򣬻ǵѧ̫ˡ
ɨɮ˵ǶܵһλǿߣȻ󣬿һλܺһϸµǺĶġ
ʩȻҷһˣҾʩԸ
ʦ㡣
˵ţ߳˲ؾģŲؾԼԱߵݼϿ˿ۺܿĵط֪һֱڶŲؾ˾ĽݲԶɽǾؾ͵ѧ⼸Ϊǵĵ˱档
ǲ֪ĽݲԶɽޱȵĺ档
ô˵ֵĲؾܹеѧؼһһҹʵǷ˼
˵˭ɨصɮô£֮йȻŴܣеѧ˾죬ֻǿϧֵǰͺ¿ڻؾڡԶɽǵӰ׽
˽ôߵô磬ߺǱ롣Ľݲö⡣
ʱֻǵӰȻ䵭Ȼʧˡ
ԶɽĽݲ۾ΪԼۻˡ
ǸţǾͿǺȻ˼׿ĵطȻٴһǼ׳ȥ
ʲôṦ
ܣôôṦ
𾪵°ͶҪˡ
ǵɨɮֱգȻչһԶȥǶʱЦΪȫǣǻɨɮԶĪġǵ뵽ԼÿǱؾΪû˲ôڶĸоɨɮΪûзǡ
𾪹𾪣ҲǺɨɮΪ˺档
ԥһ£ͬʱǺɨɮķ׷ȥֻǰûǺɨɮӰӣ׼׷ȥܲ׷˵
һֱ뿪ʮĵطһӲݵɽ¡
ͣ
źɨɮ˷һ㣬Ӱ׵ĸ߿ƮȻ¡
Ӧڲؾ棬ֻֻƬңˡڲؾ滹ѾѧеֻֻƬңһ֡ѧӦò֣ңɡɨɮѧƺ˽͡
ʩṦ
ʦṦҲǰˡ
ɨɮʱһ񣺡ʩᣬ书ǿƽ
㶼ûʲô÷ϵģڵΪ;磬ȷʵʷϵһš
˶һۣЩս⡣
ʦˣ
Ǿȳ֣ⲻΪǿǶɨɮء
Ͼɨɮǰ
һ֣ǾûпֱӾʹ˽ʮһƣֻ֮а˻ÿһʮɳжôĿֲʮ֮˶֮ĽݲԶɽ֮еѾĿࡣ
ǷĽʮȸһģҪΪγɡĽݲ𾪣Ľ
û뵽֮л˸ˣҹªˡԶɽͬ𾪡
ɨɮʩչʮƣ첻ѡֻ͵شһԣӰڰ֮вϵŲԽԽѭš׺ݵײ˰֮ϡɨɮڰԵ룬ϵشӡȴʧ١
ǿһĻĵ𾪡
ڵΪѾﵽԪ۷壬ʱͻƵԪ߼ټ⹦ʵ֮ǱصԲԪż١ѧѾɲĳ̶ȡͬԪżЩӳĹҪͬ߰ٱ
ɨɮһ˫ֺʮʩΪǿƶɮҿƶɮֶΡ
ǵ˵ͷ
ֻɨɮΧǼߣһָǵȥ
һܿһɫС
ȻȻ̲סƣѧʩչɽ񽣡
˵֮ȴǺȻĶȫǱصʦҿһС
ֻȻϽɫĹ⻪ǴһϽɫʥ¡Ȼɨɮ𾪵ǾȻȫſȫķƾ˾鷢ˣɨɮʩչɽ֮ȫϽɫʥ¸סȻʧΡ
⡭ʲôɨɮˣûмѧ


357 ⶼʲô书
ʩչַѧȷʵܸ˷֮еħ
ۺ˽ղ񹦡ħԼڤ񹦴һ־Էѧ
еԭҪݽղ񹦣ͬǰϸ֮УıȽӻҪӲȽղ񹦸ŷѧնֵĹϸ֮УȻΪԼãǱڤ񹦵ԡ֮⣬״̬£ˣҲܿ޸ħԡ
ɨɮʮָָ޷ǡ
ͻȻʮָͬʱʮɽϳһѴķɽǿһԿҲϽ֮ɫͬλϵϽ֮ɫԸŨ־ǴһϽס
һ̽Ͻ֮ɫʢ
ǵ͵ץס˷ɽȻһѷɽķ顣
ɨɮһֳ֮ɫΪԼѾ޵˲磬ȫˡɨɮҲô׷ˣ͵سǣʩչֵĴơһ˵ҲмʮľֱӾͰǸȥǧ֮Զ
ֻһٴγɨɮǰ
Һ
ͨɨɮһҲ㳹˽ɨɮΪȻûдﵽ浤磬ҲԪż۷壬ǰ浤
Ϊȷǿߡ
ϾˮҲǿԪ߼ɨɮͨڶѧҲѹܰĽݲԶɽŪ֮䡣
ɨɮаһѧʩչǿɽ÷ֺɽơ
ǣȻá
ǾɨɮѾŽ˷״̬Ҳܳʱ䴦ַ״̬ͺͽղһ
ˡ
һһΪųɨɮ
˾ǣŸ˻ʩչŲͬѧ
ɨɮٴסⶼʲôѧôûмûС
Ÿͬʱ¹ɨɮޱǱ
һ֮󣬾Ÿٴκһ
ʱѾɨɮⲫˡʱкȻ۳һǸһƵóѵЦݡɨɮһʱ䷢˲ԣѾˡֻһ㱬ɨɮһʱס˶䣬ҲǱ߻ء
µĻں档
ըıϸһֱɮȫ飬Ҳǳϸ΢˿ڡ
һǵĵףҪȵӾ֮лҪٱ
ɨɮǣûиоôǱ
ֱɨɮֻȻɭޱȣɨɮ֮֮£Ȼźȥ˶˼ʮľһ㡣
ٿɨɮʱ۾ȻðѪ۽Ƕѿˡ
ⶼʲô书ɨɮʵŷʮ꣬Ҳ޷ƽ
ղһлΪ׵ѧףһĿ١ǵ
ǿĹɨɮüҪǵĻĲԹ
ǡǲɨɮȷʵˣһĹֶΣǿھĿٵĻаѪ١ĽԼ١ײβĻк֮ġ֮⣬ԼܽѧǷѧ֮һ
ˣ죬ƶɮǴ۽ˡɨɮȻЩʧ䡣
ʦй㲻֪ҵݣԲŻԺ֪˭ʱͲôˡˣеһҪȥһĽݼҵĻʩˮɽׯŋ񶴣ʹ˸ǡڴʦٴμ棬ټʱ򣬴ʦ͸֪ҵˡ
ɨɮԶȥıӰĬĬ
ţɨɮҲ뿪ˡ
ĽݲԶɽǺɨɮԶˣŸҹ
ֻ˶棬֪Է˭
һʲôεսԶԶģܸоһơ־ѧҴûмġ˵׶ʲôˣǸˣͻȻðһѵѧ˷ϻ֮ͯȻôΪĽݲţһӵ𾪺Ͳ⡣
һɽͷûˣԲ֮ǵһ㣬ֲٻΪǰΧҲȻ塣ԶɽЩ

һµʱȥǴ˲緵ء
͵͵ȥĽݼҵĻʩˮɽׯŋ񶴣Ѿеѧһ顣
Լİ칫棬ſȥָĿƬһָ磬ҪȥЩأ
ȥЩҪΪѧϰеѧҲϵ꼶ѧ뿼ǺòС


358 ӵ
Ժ֮ϢһЩʺϵ类ų֮･뷨
Уеָħ硣
һֱΪѾħٽֳ磬ʱֳȥɡ
е磬ǱȽ硢硢ѩɽɺ硢ʮһ硢˫ȡ
ȫ磬ѧǶİҲʺѧ
ǿʼѧԺһЩ
ÿ춼ѧԺڲԼⲿҪʱĴѾˣʣµĶǻòˡһģܸܿİ취ʵΪĲѾǴߣһļá
ЩƽȻѲס
һֱǾȻһΪѧԺѧ飬֡
һˣдһ飬Ҳܵ⣬͸øˡſˣֱӴˡŵϣ˵ؿ϶޷һ˿˿ĺ棬ǿʼһݲͬѰ顣
дһҶİŮӡ
ǾȵǣҶİϢ澹Ȼһ
24꣬һס
֪ͻ쾳綼ǲܣҶİŮӽ24꾹Ȼһˣɼ츳׸жֲȥǵ𾪻ûꡣҶİдϢǰɵĵӣɽĺ
ֻǲѯһĺϢֻ֮м򵥵ؽܡ
֪ĺʵǿɵλòڻĴ½һ޾Ĵ֮ϡ
ĺڵĵ챻⵺˱˵ȥû֡
˵̳棬ǵǷ˲ٹĺϢϾᣬ˲¼ĺĺ󡣲ҪΪ߾ˣһЩ쾳ǿߣʱҲ˵̳ϱһЩϡ
죬ƺ̳бĺˢļ
һID桯˱ϳƣĺʵɣʵԶڵǼɣ齨˵ʱɸûвμӡڵֻ趨ǼûеǼҲǹ˼ɵЩɵĴڡԺ˵κһɶǼ
Ǽȫ漰׵㣬ʵ
λ桯˻дĺʵӦǼɣ֮гֹֹһλµǿߣɸǴڳǧ֮á
ڡ桯棬˷׷ԡ
ˣԭǼɡ
ɣţƵӣ
ҺǺˣ¥ڻȡ裬ʲôĺ󣬸Ƕ׫ġ
¥ˣȥĺȷʵһȵġЩǼĺȣ
ΪĺĵôµĹԴȫֻҪһǮһ˦ˡ
ǿЩ̿Ҳûʲôȵġ
ڻĵЩǼɣҲԼһλµǿߡżʮ˿ڵĻģ϶ǲܵġñѪÿһ嶼һλ⻹ľһλµǿߣ̲ˡ
⣬Ǵ£ʵҲǲܴ
ñѪλĸҲĶ֣Ҫǻ˵죬ʮҲֻܱ¾һա
ӣһIDһש˱ϣҶİĺ󵱴ŵĵӣǰøոͻƵ쾳硣ҶİΪʲôҪӣΪĺĸҶİĶӣȴ⵽Ҷİľܾŭ֮£ĺĸҶİ
һǰҶİüѣʼĺͨ
ǿЩҶİ뷨ΪѧԺѧһ棬ҪĹѰӡ
һ棬Ҳۡ
Ҷİǲɵĺٸޣӣ
ǰ˵Ů˻ĺģ̫ʶôˡ
ΰ¥϶ʲôˣⶼʲôˣĺĸǿұӡ
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379 
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380 ô
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Ǻ⻰ˣһ侰飬㲻ΧֺڰӶ֪ɣ


381 ȥⶼУ
Ǹͷడ
ĸɣɵģҲ¶ۡ
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ţǾ޶ԣȻϱողҺ㿪һЦԾһնѡһʶһΧˮƽұ֤壬˼ʱ䲻ᳬʮ롣
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ո߳óȫʵҲ޷ƥС˵˭ƽ֣Ҿ÷ǹĪȵһϢ˶Ĺٴȥƽ֡
ҵʵǲҵ˰֣ǲҵͲ˵Լʥˡ
ѧĽޱȣҪþӵʮ깦ԺѧԺѧ棬˭Ķ֡
ҪһϢ
ʱһʱ˶˾顣
ԼҲһֱӾǵһ

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һȺѧȻԸ⣬Ҳûκΰ취
ھʧ˶ʮĹӵΪٻԪϣǿԶԸġ

ѧԺ֮УǲûмŴ򿪵ڶ磬ڿʼճΡ
ѧԺѧİˣģҲԽԽˡ
ǼƻˣѧĿﵽһǧͿѧԺ齨ѧԼصš
пεʦµѧԺʦԨིһĻۣͬʱ̸ѧһڤ˼ķѧǵѧϰаľ飬ǵΪߣҲԽڵ꼶ѧĿγ̣Ǹǰ˸ʺϵĸλǾǵѧѧĸԱ˵Ρ
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387 ͳһ̲
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ѧԺʦټѧԺʦӽʮˡ
ѧԺһרŻĻңʵѾٿĽְˡ
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ϴοδѧͥѧԺĹϵβ֪ʲô飿
ĩˣѵԺҪǷ
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ʱʦ˵ˣѧԺЩѧϿʱһ
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ԺǲҪʲô̲ġַȿڵñڴĿγ̣ȫָѧְֵĽѧʽѧٶѧһѧ
ڽҽѧγ̣ȻҲӦҽѧ鼮ʵĻҵҽѧΪţҲǿڵ
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Ĵѧ棬һſγ̣һʦҪʮѧѧԺĻһʦ̵ܽĹ
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˵֮һȺʦҲ֪ôˡ
ˣǾ͸ԼĿγȥд̲ģȱд֮һһһˡֻͨǱдĽ̲ĲŻʽͶʹáҲҪΪֻ̲дһξͽˣԺųֵ⣬̲ҲҪϵ޶С
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ǷһҳȻһƪǧֵǰԣžĿ¼
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388 ̲
ǳź淭ȥⱾ鹲ΪʮĽڣҲҪ϶ʮĴοΡ
ڵһڽʱȻϤޱȵĿκҵ
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ʵҲΪ˼һСŮϾеŮ񣬿Եˡ
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391 
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죬һֳӢĹĹѧֳֺӢһѧ˼룬͵͵ĵȫ̵ѧҲһ顣
ǰЩ飬֪ϸȥĵطˡ
ֳӢҪš
ȥȫˣٻ
ðɣ
ǿֳӢԶȥӰﲻֳ֪Ӣȥʲô
ڵֳӢһԸΪԷ˯ȫǳ˸޵ӡ
ʱҴ뿪Լ飬һСģһġСѾӦңᷴڡֻҪǩ֣Ҿͻ֪С㲻ڣⶫȽ㱣ܡ
ֳӢа취ǩֵġ
ǣ
ʱֵһʱ䣬Ӧþ⼸꣬ſڶһӤʱ뵽ĹɡסֽСŮ⣬ӦûһĪŮһ뵽Ĺɡ
Щȣ˵Щδ֮ʵڲš
ЦЦ㲻ûɣֻҪ˵С
˵ͷõģ
ֽһЩ飬תҪ뿪
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˵ţڿնֱӷɵããƲ֮Уʧ
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ʵʩչһר·
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˵Ҫ뿪һ죬յһϢ˵ǽϸһɽ۽ʿ׷ǰ
̲סЦֳӢεĻɽ۽˼ˡ
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ѧԺ֮Уǻˡ
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ֳӢΪ˲ıľ飬ֳӢһڱǩԼ顣
ֳӢȻ緢ȴǷޱȡ
Ժͬʱ
λʦãӭѧԺЦЦʦ˵ô㵽ѧԺ֮УԺܺͳӢԶԶһˡ
ֱһجΰ̾һǿֳӢҲ˵ˣǵ͵޹ϡ
ЦЦջԼ飬ͬʱȡ˵ĸһ书
ˣʼ˽ѧԺ
󣬳ԲԲ˷סʵҪʦʱԥѡ䡣
ֳӢʱҷǵֱӾͰ˹ȥ
ڶ죬ѧԺ湫˹񣬲˲ѧյϢ
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ǷȻԩˣ˺򣬶һеȴԭЩˣѧԺһȺѧ
һȺѧƶ£ľǿлصԭ
ǷͰŰᣬֱӱǷһƴ
ǷһȺѧԺѧˡ
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Ƿ壬㻹ˣ
Ƿ壬㻹˼ţ
һȺѧ޼ɵ˵š
һѧЩɵĲ֪Ҫʲôܸ磬ʲô
ҦЩ׳һĿѧ˵ʲôִ򲻹Ƿ壬ôãȻˡ


393 Ƿ
ҦܵĻѧľԴҲˡ
ϴһ½ҦܵʮѧȳΪңɵĵӣûʲô
Ҧܺõ֪ͨһɱͬѧѾɣھͲһǷɱ
ҦȻ˹
һĻлҪңΪǷͰİӵĻȣЩѧǰг˲ٵҲֻаأǷпΪɱ˰죬ܲס˺ѷεʹ࣬Űһȥ
ǰҸǷŭʲôҴͷ磬ʲôû˰죬һлʲô塣
˫ĿѪָ׶Уͷ裬ȫҲҲ
һ̵ǷѾħ
ѧһĻЩġ
İɣҲɱĿꡣȻǷɱ˰죬ȴһıģû׼ڰѾѧԺǷɱŽѧԺԺҲԶһˡ

ҲڳȫǣİԭǷͰ춼ûʲô³
ǷؾƣһƾҪĵ档
ʱԶȻһ˵˺ȻĶ
Ƿ壬ʲô
ѾҪɱǷ⻰ȴͣ
һȺѧʱôƫƫʱˣҪǱֹǷ壬ǰæˡ
ô죿
취
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мѧס˶·
һǵ֪ʲôⰢʵŮȴȴǷɱˡ
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鼱֮£Աߵһѧѿھǵë꣬㻹Ҹһ飬ӣźͱ͵ġ
⻰һɵˣһȺѧҲɵˡ
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˵ľʵԻȥǸʵͶĺӡ
ⲻܣ
ʲôܵģ㻹ǸϽȥһǲǱñӣߵ飬Ͳùˡ
˷֧ҲԶˡ
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ѧǵɫߵÿȻǾҴϵĵˡ
һȺѧ붯֣һ֣ǱߵǷͻῴ쳣ʱǱ˵ɱǷˣ˵ᱻǷɱˡ
Ƶһ˵ǷǳΣˡ
ѵҪһ


ͻȻֻһԶŮȻ˶档
ǵ۾תǳתɫʡ
ֻǿһۣ˫Ŀʹ
һƺڸɱǷ壬ɱǷ壡
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츳
쿴סˣҪöȥǷ弸䣬Ƿǻĸ졣
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˵仰һȺѧǲֱӡ
ɱ˰죬ھȥ
ǷҲܲס˵ѹ͵һƻԼǣ

ѧԺ֮Уǿ³λʦ΢΢һЦ
죬Ƿ壬ӭѧԺ
Ժã

ɱǷ֮ҦܵһȺ˵Ҳͽˡ
̫лˡһȺѧһɺФʾм
ǵɱĿǶѾˣֻǡᡣɱǷ壬ӰǵļƻҪֱɱ˶ͻΥѧԺҪ󡣡һüͷ
Ҫǰԭһ¶졣Ƿһ飬Эǡ
ãǷôһҲڻ¡

һȺѧôһõʱӼĽݸ
ҰĲ븴ļһǿһġ
ͬʱʱҲɹˣΪյһϢ
ͯѿʼϻͯˡ

ѧԺ֮УǴ˵磬硣
ϵͳڷĹԺר񡣡


394 ǬŲ
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ˣǸҽȥѶȣԼѡеʱ䡣
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ǲ¶Цݣ磬Ҫѧϰе书ǬŲƸǱѧһ书
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һӡǳΤһЦ׷ȥ
ڵǣԽԽϲˡ
ΤһЦṦȷʵһԾһϣȷʵһ
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ΤһЦվ֦棬ԿȽϵƤҲЩ԰ףǸûѪɫ
ޱȾĿǣǵṦ𾪡
ǺˣΪνҲţ
Ҹ㣬Ȼ顣һԼ飬ǩ֡ǿżɽֱ˵
ʲôԼ飬ǲǩֵġΤһЦ
ǩ֣߲ˡʱޣɲ˷ʱ䣬ǿҲҪΤһЦԼǩ֡
Ϊͣץң㻹˵㡣ողҹȻΪܸҵٶȡΤһЦЦ͵ض˺ڰ֮Уһ·ۣһܳȥʮ֮Զ
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ΤһЦʧɫţô
ٶʵ̫Ҹ涼ˡҷһ·ͳܣ䶼գɴȵǰ㡣
ΤһЦǴ󺹣ܣô˱ҵṦá
΢΢һЦ͵ʧ˲һΤһЦ󣺡Сûʲôܣ㻹ʵʵİԼǩ˰ɣ
ӣôƭСõĴǡ


395 ϣɽ磿
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Ϊȫġ
ʲô书
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ǵΪѾ쵽Ԫ˼ѧͳ˵졣ͨһȭһƣһָһţܷӳȾ񹦵ѧ磬˵Ѿûʲôѧһ˵ΪʹõѧԳ֮ΪѧѧĲ࣬Ӧκһˡ
ܣûô
㻹˵ˣҿ϶ЦЦһϷΤһЦӣôҪҪԣ
ҲţᣬѵֱòɡΤһЦԪ۳һӡǵؿڳײȥ
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ΤһЦӣ
ÿһ߶棬ԺƸʦԴⷽ
ѧԺѧͬʱҲ֮
ǩΤһЦҪ±ʵʱЩԥҪǩˣǲǱ뿪磿
Լ磬һԶѧԺǽ͵
̫ˡΤһЦԼǩ֡
ʱѧԺ뵽Ժ
ΤһЦ֪ѧԺҲ֪ǵݣԺǲǻҪƸʦ
ǵ˵ͷССҲΪѧԺʦ
ΤһЦ⻰˵ͷԺҪŵùңԽ
ǳ˼һ£ÿУãԼ飬һǩ־ССѵӦû֪û̡ԺԼʱȥĺɽ֮УǬŲķ
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ΤһЦΪѧԺʦֲܱѣɻϲһ㡣
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У
Ϊ˼һڵȻֻһСŮ֪Ժ²С
ſڣһԵ̯ӣдֱϣһǧ
΢΢һЦ⣺⶧Ӹ㣬Ե̯ӽð졣
ðƵʿ⻰ϲѣӾܵĲӰˡ


396 
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Ϊα˵̯ӶεҲȴû£ֱʵ˼еİء
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Ϊǲ⣬͵سǳ֡
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Ȼˣֻһ֣εͰڤϸ˳ȥ
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ò˵ԽԽɵˡ
ʵЩʲôСѡСŮʺϵʦΪԼЩȤζԸʱеŮҲԸˡ

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΢˼Ǿ뵽˼ˣҲ˲²⡣
Ʊ棬̲סЦȻڶƷ֮УĬԣ߹ŮֻңңĤݡ֪ѧԺʲôӣƽı£ƻвѧҪѧϰһ


397 
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׼һУǿʼ˵һϵıչء
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ľϵľ棬ľʼۿɼٶȲߣҲԽԽȡ
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ϸ塭һΣ
بŲĹϺǣϸԵΧźе壬һе档
ϸ
ʵʲôڵΪãﲻһ
ʽ嵱һ棬֮컯֮һΪá
ѧѾѧڴ֮
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ϵȫԪ浤ϵ
һΪ棬ʳصĹ
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ӵۺԪѾһתЩ۵һ̶ȣΪҲﵽ浤硣о𾪵Ĳǵϸ֮УЩϸȻҲתÿһת綼ǵ壬ǼµܱȵǰһСʱ
Ҫȥࡣ
ˣת֮еƺϸҲתֻࡣɾҲԺ㲻Ҳ᲻ͣ
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ʱЩоϧģΪʹݿֻݵι棬ֱ仯ȴǲö֪
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콨С飬ΪԼˣӿôˣǰɣ㼿ƭңǲӶˡСɣȰ̤̤ʵʵˣҪҲǼҵĻʳȱˣȻʲߣǾпڷԡ
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ĵȻǵħ󷨣ϸ书ԽԽ𾪡
书νޱȷӣֱħߡ¯ħý
ֻϸǶħ֮ǲмһˣΪֶʵڲʿԸɳġѧԺѧҲҪƷ¸Уһȫʺϡȥħ书廹Ǻֵģžħһ׶Σа취Щ书ʩչ
Ϸ书ԽԽ͸
ħʵһΪķһһľһֲһߵҲǲǸ߲κ;΢ĲҲΪ˵ľϣħǳԽĲ֮ܡ˿ռҲһֲ̽һžܡ
⣬ħʹʵʣ޿ײ룬ܲս֮ܰصľͣëڣȻǿ۾žǿֳ֪ܿô˵һֶ컯ȡ澫

ǾúбҪЩʦҲоһ⣬Ȼŵħ󷨵Ǳܸȫھ
֮£õѧ߼ܣֻǼ򵥵ؿһˡ
ٻˡ
һѪ䵽￨档
һǰѾˡ
ǴһˣȻ죬Ӱֵ߱Ϊ
Ժ
λʦãӭѧԺ
Ƕ˵ǽѧԺ
ѧԺλʦһȺʦѧǶ˷ܡ
ʦԽ࣬ѧҲ࣬ۿѧԺʦĿһ֮ҲԶˡ
ǰ˽˳ԲԲ֮Լֻؼˡ
ڶ죬յһܲõϢ
ԭ˹˲뾺˳λõɣһɣһѧԺһɡ
治֪ѧԺ˵ĳλá
ǸţһϢġ
ˡ


409 ַѧԺ
Ϣ֪˭ȴģȴˣ̳Ѿˡ
ϸϢݣȻַѧԺһƪϭġ
Ǵ˿ҲڿƬϭģѧԺݳһʮɣ˵ħ̶Ϊ
оѧԺ飬һȺѧɱȭţڱдѧԺͼıȭŵѧץȭŵŻгϡΪ֤ʵԣ˼ȭŵĵ֤
Сɵ˿ѾѧԺԹޡ
ˣ滹о̵飬ݵգ˵ѧԺ̵Ĳҵ
Ҧҵ飬Ҳ˵ѧԺԺΪӣһԲϾͷϳɳϺѵΪֶμ̣ݡ
ѧԺܱߵСɳΪѧԺĸɣҲ˵ѧԺ¡
⻹ؼҵ飬ɵ飬ѪԸȵȡ
дѧԺڴ֮ϲ˽أȻĺĵҶİҷϳĺͺڵӵΪ
Ϊ˵ö֮
ܹһһʮȻб
˭ɢϢǲС֪ͯ̽ĺͺɡ
ҪѧԺˡ
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ѧԺȫһŶ
ȭŲѧԺԣؼŭԣһѧԺһˡ
Ҿ˵ЩСΪʲôԸΪѧԺĸɣԭѧԺ¡
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治ִᣬʮɣǿҪȥַѧԺ
˻УĺͺڳֲС
ѧԺһƬ
һѧԺһΪĵط
Ϣ˲䱻ˢǧӣżΪѧԺģҲûȥ
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ӣϳһĨЦռƣȻַѧԺҲʦˡ
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ĺͺڸʰˣ˲Ťת־档
ʼ׵ĸ⣬ֱεи
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ݿԸΪһ仰漰ס
߿ҵ̬ȣ̲סȻҲˡ
ѧԺĲҵ鼰򣬲˵ģƹ˾мʮԱӰˣҾöᶯ
ҪСҵ̬ȣȻһЩΪǿ˹ҷɣǸΣҰȫ飬˲ʣȫ͸һź˵
Ͼ浤ߣҲӲ˵
Ȼں˵ûʱ򣬹浤߾֮ززˡ
ĸ浤ûɣûеӣûˡ
ӣǵɺͼӡ
ǿûٶѧԺĲҵ֣ҲģӪף츣ĵľٴ뻹ܵ˹ҵϿɡ
˵ģѧԺյЩƼǾ·ģ඼ں͹ںҲܲܲˡ
ĺ֮С
˾һֽ顣
˺ȻűʵǿߣϢƿֲ
ĺԼڵ档
ѧԺѾȫ٣⻹Ҫǳ׳Ϊʸ֮ġ
ҶǶ֣ѧԺ𡣡
ߣַѧԺֱͬˣЩ߿ǲǺǵġ
뷨ʱ򿴵֣Щ߻Ĥݡ
ˣѧԺʩѹҪʱ̴ڿ־֮У̻̲ա
ɱѧԺǹƶѾûһս֮
ץסѧԺԺҪģ뵽ӣҾͺü
˿֪ǵһһǼš
˵Ӱ񶼴ѧԺ
Ȼĺͺڵ涼ˡ¶һ˿ҪֱͬˣϣǵʱҪڣһȺԲС
ܿ죬ĺͺڵĵڶƻˡ
һϢ
ȴǸ𾪣Ϊһս顣
ĺ󡢺ԼʽѧԺַ󱧵ֲսɱѧԺ
һʱΪ֮Ȼ
󱧵Ǿµĳǿߡ
ǿߣһѾ񻰣ο
ѧԺֻһǿߡ
⣬ս飬ĺͺڻһЩѧԺõɣѧԺޣ˰ѧԺȥ


410 屳
ĺͺڳ֣ѧԺ군ˡ
µǿ߰ɣһܱɨˡ
ȻɣȻҲһλµ档
˼صĺɵĳ϶ѧԺԺˣͽˡ
ԹԵ¡ضҪǴɽ᲻ƽˡ
ɶʱܼôǿˣ⻹ǶѧԺĸ
ǰʱҺֻǽҺֶһǾѧԺ
ǰһµǿַҲͷһˡ
СѾ׼ãѧԺҷ𡣡
ЩѧԺеϵɣǻڵʲôϽѧԺްɣȻʱˡ
֮С
ĺͺҪ󣬳Ѿжεɣĸ˵ĳ֡
ɺϵǣĴֵ˳£ؼҡ
ĺͺǰѧԺˣôһѯʵؼҺѧԺҲжԹܿѧԺֵ֧ġֻ뵽ѧԺףôһ˿Σ˿θֵһᣬִǴ棬϶ֻΪؼҵ濼ǡ
ʲôǵģֱӰѧԺˡһŵ۵˵̵һλϣҲ˵ĳ֮һ
ڻģкܶࡣ
̿˵µɵ̳̺ܶʱҲܵԼ
֮ǰܵѧԺѹȣݱѧԺȥ̵涼ÿ
ֱӵͶѧԺֻǿҲֵĵط
󱧵ַѧԺѧԺûмȥĿܡȰѧԺˣҲĺԼһáһ˵ͷ
ҾòɡŵһϿڣһͷ׷ߡ
һֱ˵ĳְλɱؼлȨˡ
Ҧҵʱŵĳ³ѹҲǺ˳Թ
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һĺͺڷϭı©ٳ಻ʵĵطǲһΪ档ڶѧԺһֱĪ⣬󱧵־һܸѧԺôܣǰѧԺˣʱ˵ҪѧԺ˵Ĺ棬Ҳûκݿ԰ѧԺȥ
⻰һ̵ĳ϶ɫѿ
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һҲǵ˵ĹģǻģǰѧԺҲΪ˵档
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˳ͬһ飬˵巢ȥ¾ͶµĹء
ξʦ㻹ǸɣȻûиˡ
Ҫǲκ˽
ξʦĻһ֪Ҳֻˡ
ֱΪǻúôҲûʲô
ͬʱѧԺһȺҲڽһܻ飬ⳡֻһǾѧԺ
֯ⳡǰٶŵʵҲյɵָʾַѧԺĵˡ
λѧԺʩؽ󱧵ָҪǻѧԺ϶Ҫۡһʹϧ˵ţֻǵ̫̰ͼСˣȻҲⳡΣ
ǰ˭֪ѧԺ˵ſǺǡ
ɶҲ˵ˣѧԺ
ѧԺ϶ᱻʱ˭ȥ׷ΥЭ顣
ֻǴһͷһȺɷ׷Ӧ
죬԰ٶΪѧԺɣͬʱѧԺǵѧԺȣ;֪ͬʱǻ˶Ժںĺĸм˵ǳַѧԺԼЩСɡ
ٴλȻѧԺڿ˵ǳױ
յϢʱ򣬴⣬ֻǵϵͳȻŷ֧˲١


411 Լ
ϸ֧
֧1ػѧԺҪ󣺻󱧵֡A츳ҩ衢ʮԼ顣
֧2ѧԺΥЭ飬Գͽ䡣Ҫٰ15ɳ׷չΪѧԺСѧһ޿شΪѧԺСѧĿ30
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˵ݣ˺ܴĲͬ
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ߣ֮⣬ѧԺ浤˼ʵĵ浤߼ʵԨࡣ
Ԩ࣬ʱһ׷ȥİطֱӾܸ
ȻҪʩչʥĽļ٣Ҳѹˡ
ԶνַѧԺΪ壬һ֤ѧԺʵĻᣬʱֻҪνıһ򾡣ū
ūʲôѧԺҪĵطһ浤ĸֵֵһ˵Ĺ̶ӣȥôõ顣
ǽѧԺɽ·ͥԺڽѸڼɽ
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ЩɻʮԼ飬֪ʲô˼
ɶʱϵͳԼ鶼ʼˣ
ϵͳԼǸʲôõģֱʵ
νԼ飬˵˾ûκƵԼ顣ñǰֻȥƸʦϵͳŻԼ飬һʦӦһԼ飬Ȼ޷񡣿ԼûƣҲ˵ʵ֮еˣǹ֮ˣ㶼ԼƸѧԺ
ϵͳֽͣǾˡ
ܲϵͳ˼˵Լ˭˭Եĺܡ
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֧2
ҪѧԺͷЩѵĸɣʵϵͳ˵Ҳ֪
Դǩ˸Э飬ʵѧԺûٸǺôȺһк˵ѾͱѣûаѧԺ¡
ΪѧԺһᱻˡ
ٿҪ󣬾ȻǰЩŷչѧԺĸСѧ
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ЩɳΪѧԺĸСѧҲ˵Ժ᳹׳ΪѧԺѧУĵҲǵӣǽѧ˵ֱӵ㣬ЩɽиƣԺߵѧԺһģһѧУģʽĵӣڵп߿һѧԺ
ҲƻýǶԴ˽һˡ
֮⣬Ǿ֧2Ľˡ
شͲ˵ˣˣ϶вٵĺö
ֻһ޿Щԡ
޿￨Ʋ࣬￨ٻ޿ٻǸֻ֡Ŀǰٻ޺ʦĵȼ࣬ʵҲǳһ󾳽硣ϵͳ͵
ǶʱЩڴ
һЩ֮УвȤޣñĴ񣬷ͷˣˮȵȡ
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ǣʦҪڤѧԺҾڶʦ
Ŷ֪ˡ
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ô˵ǰľƣѧԺܵס󱧵ֵΧ
ʱѧԺȻΥ˸Э飬Ҳ֮С
пԣѾǱѣѧԺȡʤ֮ЩɵųΪѧԺĸСѧɡ
ûж˵ʲôֱӾǹ˵绰
ѧԺ֮УټӰߡԨࡢ죬Լóıߵʦʼ
һսѧԺ״ΪѧԺԺȫ·


412 ץ
ΪԺһʦȿڣ󱧵ַѧԺ飬Ƕ֪˰ɣ
һȺʦЦִ£᲻֪
ֻǺԺһȻʦҲûе¡
飬ҲǵԤ֮С
Ժʲô󱧵֣ΪǣʱôǡѧԺּΪ˲ţЩ۵ϹŶȫǰ¡
СѡԨҲǵ
һҪѧԺ˶֪ѧԺǿ󡣡ЦЦ
Ժܻ󱧵ֲ֣ħ֣ЩѧϰħѧΪ¯Ӱ߲аԣ˵һݶļƻ
һܺõĻᡣ˼
ţѧԺԽλᣬΪĵĵһѧԺ½СֱӶһѧԺչСĿꡣ
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뿴ͶӰһλ߽ĺڣѾһپʮꡣﳣչأϢֻ֪࣬ʮǰѾ˱ףҲ浤弶ʵڵĻʵ80ĿѾͻƵ˱ף12ĿͻƵ˱߽ף7Ŀδͻƣ1ĿͻƵ߽ϡ
Сͯ˹ϵͳֲȷʱöĿԱʾ
СͯĻһȺѾߡ
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һλǺڵ棬󣬴ﵽ˶ϣǶ٣޷̽ѰѼĹ鱨ȴǱﻹҪһЩҪΪһںĵӵֻźšˣϸҿԼһ¡
Сͯ˵ֻ꣬ͶӰԱ߳˼ݡ
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ЩпϴƷ˹˼û뵽˼֮ǺĺԼˡ
һλ֣ѪĿ
ſ˶ѧԺĳޣһַѧԺֱ׾١
ϾڵĸԸ嶼ˡ
ֻĿǰѧԺ粢֪һλѪַѧԺ
ϴ˲ᣬԴ֮Ϊʼ𽥻ָѾ˱Ľףӽ׵ʵ
ԺλʦСͯ˵ţӰʧ
ϸҲ֪֪ˡǸſڣòСͯǿˣ˵һҵ
һȺ˿ʼϸ
ȣ󱧵ַѧԺҪĲǻ˻ɱǣܻ׽ǡ
Ժ˵е׽סǣȻúһǳѧԺſڣչʾѧԺǿ󡣡
űмֵˡ
ֻ׽ǣûôףҪһ϶Ǻ
Ǹɿһ˵Ļ׽ǣô򵥡֪ɽļɽôҴɽɽҲȻпп϶ҪٵΧɽ壬ÿһ˼ǺǧϣͨĻ֪ɶʱܽɡ
Ժץǹ
ǣɵЩϺִҲץ
ȥõĳͷǸǽѧԺɱмֵˡ
浤ʵĸ֣˵ɽǽһЩǿġ
˵ԺǵĻΧԲɽˡ
һȺʦ˵󣬶Щ
޷뿪ѧԺΧѧԺǵĻΧȻҲ֮ӡ
ҲѯϵͳõĴ𰸡
ⲢζǿѧԺ漰ء
ϵͳǣĿǰҲֻܰѧԺɽ塣
ЦһȺߵȴǺڴ


413 ֱַѧԺ
ʵ֮ǰǾץȭŵǮͳء
ǮҪѧԺ꣬ÿǿɽʯΪѧԺֵط
Ǯô࣬ʱѧԺʦҲ˳ָһһǮ﷢ԼΪ˾пͻƵԪ硣
Ǯɵִ˲˵ġ
ǮҲеĺôֻҪѧԺһ꣬ʱһͱˡ
ѾΪѧԺ˲ٵطɽµͤǵĹ͡
ôʵҲΪϵͳ֮еõô׵ģʵǿߣȽá
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Ǽ˵Σ˵һץסһ֮顣Ҵ㵽ʱɨĺ󡢺ԼɣֱӽǵɣȻѧԺСѧ
ڰЩɸΪѧԺĸСѧ֮ǰΪףܷŹ
ûǶҪѧԺˣǻ顣
Ҳ˵Ժʲôĺ󡢺ԼɣǱЩɸӵĲΪɻ۶ĲƸҲҪΪѧԺġ
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뿴ѧԺĸСѧ鲼أʱֻҪÿһѧԣصžͻᱻա
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ѧԺΪ˵ĳ£Цˡ
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ʵûֱԼһˡ
ĺ֮С
ܺãĲƻѾɣѧԺ϶Ƶˡ
ǻʲôѡʱ䶯ְɣ
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ʱǰѧԺԺҲ֪ǵ³
Ͱַľʱ乫ȥѧԺʩѹ
ѧԺԺ᲻ߣ
Ѿ˶ѧԺˣڻûз뿪
ģʵ˸ãʱ򲻵ѧԺ٣Ҳ᳹׻ٵ
ڶ죬Ȼ˾ַʱ䡣
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Ǽ֤ѧԺĻɣ
һʢ£Ǻڴ
վѧԺĶϣããĴ󺣣ȺϷݡ
ʱڵַ졣
΢΢̫ĵһƹâ䵽棬Ǹ󺣹һ¡
Ӱʱӭų̫ѧԺ
ǿˣڿУֱС
Ȼһɫʱطη塣
еˮУ𽢣󺣶Ǳ˸ƿһ㡣
ԽԽӰǵҰ֮С
ӰааһЦˣѡһ죬Ҳӵġ
ָһ㣺ǻƵա
ȴ΢΢һЦĻʵ˽ڡ
Աߵļλʦ⻰ʱ


414 ʲôǴ
ʱѧԺ֮УһȺѧҲ֪ʲô
վѧȺ֮УЦ񵭣û뵽ܿһϷλʦ֣ʲô󱧵Ҫùˡ
֮˵ͷǰ֪Ժ᲻ɱǡ
ҲǴ˲緵أ飬һֱûȥ͵ſϷء
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417 ǳ
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ǶԼ⣬ֿͿˣʦ˲֪ɶʱѣලǩԼ顣

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419 ĺ
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423 ׽ץҩ
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424 ܻӭʦ
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СٻǽܣֱɷˣʩչѧԺĻݸӵïʢƺʺϵѧԺ԰ֵСʱʩչĵҲһȺѧǸе֮ǲϲоʦ۾һƺҵһ⡣
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µһ죬ǳȥɽ˪ԼԷⲻ֪˵ڼԼˡ


425 黨
һҸߵ˪Ѿˡ
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⣬ѧԺͳһƵĽ̲ģĺСѧĽʦԿʼֱΡѧУƶҲҲһһĿʱǧҪΥУ档⣬ЩСѧѧԺӳԴȫõԺѧУչ⡣ˣûµĻڿʼ׼ܿǻҪеһѧڵ
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ЩСѧѧ᲻ᳬѧԺѧһ㶼ġ˵ģѧԺиʱӳɣôʦָ㣬иֵĵҩǸСѧԱȵġ
Сѧ滹ѧ׷ѧԺѧٶȣֻ˵СѧѧSS+츳ҪѧʱһֽУѧͻѧԺ֮С
ԣǰͲöһЩѧ
ȥĸɣһԱȣ綼֪һ飬ǾѧУΪƶҪˡ
̳۷׷ס
ʮԭѧԺĸɣɡĺԼڣѧԺȻӵʮŸСѧ
ըˣĶҪѧԺͳεĽࡣ
ҪˣѧԺ̫ˣǸСѧĽ̲ʮϾѧ
ʲôɣҪΪѧԺѧ
ΪѧԺѧƺѣ취ΪѧԺСѧѧɣ
ԺˣпܳΪѧԺѧ
˵ѧԺСѧƻѾˣܹߴˡ
ҵ谡ˣ⼸һɵˡ
ѧԺҳ׷ˡ

˵ʵڻûĽС
Ŀǰ׼׶ΣɾˣȻѾǧ˱
Щѧѧˣֻгɼõ˲Żᱻ¼ȡҲᰴɼ䵽ӦСѧһЩɼõģĸСѧ϶Ҳõ㣬ɼõģĸСѧԲ㡣
ЩɵĽš
ѧԺСѧƻȥʱϵͳ֧Ҳˡ
ϵͳҪ󣬳ʮɳΪѧԺĸСѧǾͻȡһϵͳشиɾΪѧԺĸСѧȻǴﵽҪ
뵽ϵͳûɵ˷
֮⣬һ޿ҲΪ֮Ķ׻ῪʲôأʲôޣǾˡ
һУ޿Ѿǵ档
ϸǿ濴ȥ澹ȻѾһӡ
ֻ⶯ζޡ
ѵϵͳˣ
ϸ۲죬һϢ޵Լ
Ȳ˵ǱȽϺǷྪʲôС˵ûп
ҲùЩˣһѪε棬ֱӳǰһףȵɣҵޣ


431 
ֻ֮䣬ֵĽһȻѾǵǰ
ȻһŴ˼ʮĵףͨѩϺڣ֣צƹǣ˫չȻ㹻˾ųߴСǿľһֻɺף֮ĴҪ࣬ʲôļֱ׾١
ʱҲæһ·ྪⲿС˵ܿҵɺ׵ϸϢ
ԭɺ׽ǧѾͨ顣ˣʵҲǲޱȣʨޣ綾Ы޲η֣֮֮Ψֲԭ֮Уɳ綾ޱȵīҲֻܳΪеʳ
𾪣ɺȥ
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ëһԾϣϵͳޣʦǲǿ뿪ѧԺΧ
ϵͳӦѧԺࡣֻҪǲܻεޣǿ뿪ѧԺΧġ
ܻΣǾǲܻûˡ
ȻɺףѾͨ飬뻯λԶˡ
ǶʱѣҪܳɺĺǱƸҪжߡ˵ģǰɺɲ֪Ū˼΢Ұף˵ɺסҰ׺ɺֱһϰ
ߣ
֮ȡˣֱ˳ȥ
ֻһ޴ӰɽգѧԺѧɵˡ
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վıϣɵĸоƲĸооƼ֪˶ԶǾȻһܴӻĳ֪ķɻ
һ٣Ȼͷɻ
裬и񣿡ɻиСŮסͣΪϵۡ
ʲôСŮΪˡ
裬ǴϻһˡСŮָŻ棬㵸ġ
СŮ輱æŻ濴ȥֻһƬƲͻȻɢʲôƲ棬Եúǹ졣
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˾޴Ĳʱֻצӳźץȥһ׳㶼ץ
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ڴ֮һСʱڼ䵽һϢСʱŷѧԺ
ѧԺһȺѧʦôɺףܲ棬ǣıֱ졣
棬ʱпȡϵͳش
ϵͳεشʲôѯʵûʲôֱһ󾳽ıʲôɰ
ϵͳȫǵĺ仰εشһƷ
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⣬ϵͳ
ϵͳܿ˽ͣ磬ʵûκƽ硣˵ˣκѧκʱ䶼ܽȥ֮ǰЦ硢Σ硢˲û𡣡
ǵ˵ͷһͲʱЩˡ
ţɴֱȥ
Ȼ֮ô֮УѾ
һ硣
һǻ硣
磬ĸоȺô֮ǰĶľͳһΣκˡε磬Ǹ߿ƼƼ̶ҪԶԶΣ˵͸رˣо顢аˡˣųС
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֪ڲǽȥʱΪֻҪƿţľͻʱûѧĻܾܿͻһ˵ֳ
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˵ѧǵ٣ѧԼİš
ģɽһĿѾ֮һ
˵ĿһͱȫעΪģΪռǧĶĽҵġƹ˾ΪҵѾ׷פƹ˾Ҳڲ֮ǰʽΪƼšµǣڰ֮ǰƼӹ˾۶ԽһڣΪϵ֮ľްԹ˾
ӦƸƼ棬һС˾ܾ


432 
߽֮УִĹ˾ȺԵú⡣
ΪнΣĽ񣬶֪ƵѧԺѧ
ǸѧԽ츳Ϊȥ磬Ľڶýõˡ
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ܲã̫ˣһͲȡѧ͹鶼ҾܲʺλĩλһŮ˵ƼŵԴ˵λȨء
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ԱߵļԹ٣ʱҲǰкá
شϣҪʱ֮ǰŮֵ˵̫룬һԶûС
лﺮ֪ŮΪɶˣ֪Ů˵ְҵǵͷˣҾúܺãûĻʱΡ
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ɽеһҽԺѾ챬ˡ
˶֪ҽԺ˼ҽҽշѲߣһܰΰٲ


433 ޷
ҽԺרһ棬ѧԺѧš
Ů𡢶Сһλ˾ˮ
Ů˪Ҷİ;顣
˿ҽӦʵȻ˪úţƽһָ洫ѧԺѧ棬Ѿܱȡѧǳˣ˪֯ģʱʮѧɽеһҽԺֻ
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ѾʮˣȻųһĶ飬˶ǴŰʺġ
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˵ĽһƬȻ
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ѧ㲻ҽεģʲô
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糿ո
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ˡ
˪˵͹˵绰ȻԼҪЩˡ


434 ʲôҽɣЦ
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Բǿš
Ϊĺܿ죬ִȾԺǿĲܾĸɲһҵ˿ڶȾҲһµ顣ñΣTһƲס˲ϯȫ򣬵ʱ޷ء
˪˼һ£ֲоģ
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˪˵ͷڳǰС

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˪ͬʱһļҲˡ
TRSRߣ˽һTRSR
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ܻ⣺ˣҸҽһⲡô¡ʵTRSRǷ纮ĺΪʲôô˵ʵԭġ뿴λߵ۾ͷͺԶз纮֢״
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ܻ˺˪ЦԷǡ
ղѾ˪˵˾̲סǹЦʲôҽɣȻ˵Ƿ纮ģЦˡ


435 ô£
ܻ⻰ŭѡ
ΪҽȻ˳Ц˵⻰֮ǰһʮͷСѾͷһһЩǰʱҲֳܻǱŭһɿֲΪȻżﵽ۷塣
һ£֪ܻҪʲôɶ˼Ҫܣ
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˷׷׽кá
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ʱҲЩˣӹҽȻ˵޲ɼѵϲ飬ֻῴôȻЩ΢ķ纮֢״ʵTRSRġ˵ģñĩˡΪʲôжϣԼ鿴һӵľǲ򡣡
ܻ󣬴Цѣ˼Ⱦʲôľ⣬Բźġ
˵ͷһ˵ӡ
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ܻʱЦ˰ɣûκεķӦ
Ļ䣬Ȼڲϵ͵طһ
Ҳһô£
ڲӾȻԼÿ˺һֻץסӣͬʱȡң
˿һĻɫ䡣
İ취ƨӦûУֻȥӾȻ˵ˡ
ܻʱɫѿѾһֺܲõԤС
˪ʱֿڵϺβľȫʧȥãȻܴ̼һЩҲֹʣ޷ӸԴϽ⡣
Ȼ˵ֱ֮˰״̬
ʱ˿˪Ѿȫһˡ
ܻҲоʲôȴŭɶⲻǸɺϣǸҹȥļС
˵ţȻƾԼΪ˪ȥĴ㶯ˡ
ߣ
ҶİȴЦһɿֲϢ˳ʲôҲǹȥ
Ҷİ˪ҲޱǿϢ
ϢܻԼ˶ɫ䡣


436 ѧԺѧ
Ҷİ˪ԼϵϢǾ쾳ɡ
ܻȻųҽɣҲǺŽ׵Ϊ쾳ǿߣҲֻܹġ
ǰĸ쾳ǿߣ뵽Լոĸ쾳ֱ
Ȼִᣬ쾳ǿɱˣʵܼ򵥡
ܻɲΪԼܰѵһ쾳ǿߵ׷ɱǺųҽɣҽι쾳ǿҲˣ˹ûһԸΪͷЩµߣҽٶʲôã쾳ǿߣû˻Ϊġ
һ̣ܻȻ
ΪȻǻϴһЩﲻˡΪ˪Ĳ񻰣ΪҲͺףһѣȴûʲôӣҲʲôǰˣŸ޼ɵ˵ЩŵĻڲ˪˵Ϊп಻޲ײǽˡ
һ쾳ľˣһӵĸҪҪ˻
һЩĿܻӹҽ˵Լʲôҽɣȴ˵Ĳϲ塣֪֪˵ķҽΣʱж
ܻͷ󺹣ȴǸҷ
ʱѾЩ𾪵Ŀ˪ˣ᲻Ϊһҽѵʲôɣ
˵˼䣬־һ˵ʱôҲ䣿
ЦЦ󣬻Ҳ٣һ˾͹ˣžС
СҲǵԣžͺá
ʱ̲סˣһŮվ˳λᣬʵ֪ʲôɣ
СѯʣΪԺʲôɣֻѧԺѧ
Ů⻰㵲ѣѧԺѧ
С϶ĵ˵ͷѧĸѾ꼶ѧʣµǶ꼶ѧ
⻰һƬȻ
᲻֪ѧԺֱּ׹
ϴѧԺһıָ֣ʮŸΪСѧͷһʱ޶
ǾѧԺЩƺѧԺѧ޹أҲֻԼ֪ѧԺѧǾôĲ֪ȴ޼һȺѧԺѧҽ˵ҾȻĸ쾳磬ʵǰ׵Ĳᡣ
һЩʵ˵ѧԺѧ꼶ȫ쾳磿
С˵ͷţģǵ꼶Ϊҹͨѧ˽꼶ģ϶쾳ΪѧԺ쾳类Ԫ硣
ѯʵߺ𾪣һʼһЩţڿǣЩˡѧԺһѧԺʦѧҲǸ
˿ѧԺС˶Ц
ܻȴ׹ߡ
ðɣĸ쾳ǿ߲˵ĸ쾳ǿ߾ȻɲѧԺ
ǻԼǲǽûпôôù鲿ˡ
ܻŶСˣſǻ۲ʶ̩ɽλѧԺͬѧһҪĹһΰ
˪ûаܻҲôˡ
ҶİƲƲ죬Ҳ
ܻޱȣ֪ﲻٴæǡ
ʱ׳˪ҽTRSR
˪Ȼûʲôģǲϵػش˵⣬ҲԽԽ𾪡
ò˵ǶСҽʲôҽɣҽ߶治СTRSRҲ˰˪˵ķ֤һ޶
С㣬ҪôҽTRSRʵ˵ϡ
ҽεĻѾа취ܷʺҽκܶˡ˪ڵʱҾûҪҽTRSRȻһֲǾͿ϶ӦĿ壬ҵֿ壬ϳɳЧּ
˴˪˼
ҽķԿƣȴ鷳һҽһƼˡ
ҽϳɳ壬Ǿͼ򵥶ˡ
ʱиɻС㣬ѵҽҲ
˪û˵ǵǵȻǿҽͨġ
˵ҽͨ϶ǿһЩ
ǶȥΣ磬ΪоTǶٽӴ֪ⷽʶ
˪ô˵ʵҲǿǵ㣬ʵTRSRΣ磬Σרȥо


437 ش
ΣĿƼ̶ҪģڵԽTRSRҲΣʲô⡣
˪ǳȡӵѪҺȻͿʼҽΡ
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˪˵֮󣬰Ѿķʾһ顣
ϵʩչ뷨ӵɫԽԽ󣬺ҲԽԽƽ
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˪ʩչ뷨֮۾ˡ
֪˪Ҫ´˪ͷʵĺܣƶˡ
˪Ӽ䣬ڶȻѾҽεķǣһЩ֢״ȽصҽΡҪȥоTRSR˽һһʱ֪ͨǡҶİǼǺһѧԺоTRSRƲˣ
ҶİûоΣ磬ڲİѡ
ͶСоȤҲѡ
Ϲˮ˪صѧԺȻΣ硣
˪صѧԺ֮ǰѾ֪淢飬TRSRʵҲȥ鿴ˡߵҽȷʵҲֲ֢ȴ޷ƹ㡣˪ȥΣƽTRSRҲ뷨ıϡ
̳棬߻вٵġ
شţСҽɣѾ˹˺򡣡
ҽҽô˺ˡ
̨һǸոͨ綼֪ˣ˱֮TRSRѧԺѧˣҵ˶ǹĿ࿴֮ǰҽ˵TRSRǼ򵥵ķ纮Цˡ
ȥҽɶҽ
˭˵ǣʱѧԺѧǰŪǱڽҴˡҲһﵹùҴ֮󣬾Ȼ붯֣˭ѧԺѧ棬ȻĸԪġŶԪ˵쾳硣֪ʱҽɵжۡ
ѧԺѧĸ쾳ģ
ѧԺѧʵֲ̫ˡܵ˴µӰ죬˶֪ѧԺѧΪֲҸӵзǷĲܡڱμѧԺСѧ˵ѧˣ඼ǧˡ
ҵĸԹԣֻˣѧԺֱУֻѧԺĸСѧȻô˱
ǰֲ̫ˣˡ
˪ҪоTRSRô׵ģһصΣ磬˶ˡ
˪ܰϢȥûĻҡ
ʱƹƼŵܼҾӲƷܼҾӻˣѾʼгͬһεʧӪȻҵ˸ʵ㣬ǾǴӹһصλܼ֡Ҿӻ޳һһصλںñȻվվİ´ȵط
ʱܼҾӻʾǿ
ڻվܼҾӻֻ΢벻ͬĳ򣬾ʵָ·άЧ
ԽԽ˸ܼܵҾӻ˵ǿΪǻԪĿʼ˷֮£һЧӦҵضʼʹܼҾӻˣΪʲô룬ǵһܼҾӻ˳仧ҵ
һƻȫȻƷ
ܼҾӻ˴ػ𣬵ĿܾҪѪƼŸܼҾӻ˵ĶλǷڼͥһƷȻҲҾӡܼҾӻǧ򻧣үү̣Ըûˡںˣغҵ½ʹܼҾӻˣͥȻҲŹ
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˪Σʮ죬ĶҪըˡ
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TRSRоģö˶Ǽ켸ҹûкˡ
һƣ߿ЦⲡҲ̫ˣȥ죬Ľʧء


438 
ܻѾԸȾTRSR˲ȡ˸ߣȻסTRSRĴ
ҪֲֿĲ;̫ˣͨͨҲƵģһûиȾTRSR˺һѾȾTRSR˴һ𼸷Ӳ£ҪǴһ𳬹СʱһûиȾľҵĿܱȾˡ
Ѿʮ˸ȾǹѩһܸȾܸȾĸʮ˱ȾʱѩѾܴˣʱȫȾֲҲʲô¡
ڹ⣬ʵֲŰ̶ȻҪ
ĿǰѾĿѧȻǿôһ㣬ȻҲ޼¡
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ѧԺԺһѧͻȻ֣ȥΣ˪
Ҳ֪Ͼ˪һͷˣôƽTRSRô
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Ŷˡ
ǰȻĻҪһµʱȫTRSR

˪ҵ飬ȥTRSRоģǴϲѡ
˪ĶʼʽTRSR໼߷׷ȬһЩûиȾĻҲʼ֣ԤTRSR
ʱҿʼԮ
ǲ֪ôģ϶Ū˲ٺöΪ˴󹦵˪ˣҲģÿ˶˲ٶĹ˪׼˪ȥѡһƷŵĿɲǽһЩ䱦
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С㣬ֻѡһѡ֮ͳһ߿ڵ˪һߣ߾Ȼ쾳ΪҲ⣬Ͼǹ⣬沼ػأҲòһΪǿ˿ء
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˪˵֮Ų˽ȥ
߿˪ıӰ𾪲ѣҽ쾳ΪѧԺѧȻ˵á
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Ȼ˪һ㲻һʮƽС䣬ڷŵĶʮ
Щ֣˪ԽԽ𾪡
ΪЩҲ޼һŻɫ书ؼ澹ȻдſһֱŽ۷塣ı͵ҩҲУһֽĵҩȻΪһꡣ𾪹𾪣˪ܿͷЩʵô
ԥ˰죬˪治֪ѡʲô
ǺȻһϢüͷһ塣
ܷĵطɢϢĿ϶Ķһ˿ϸѰϢԴͷ㻹˵׾ҵˣԭǾȻһŰڷľĺɫӡźɫͨĲСȴڹ⣬ƺЩ
ְźɫõ˪Ȼɫһ׺͸С
ǵתʱܸоɫ΢Ĳ
˼Ķֻǿϧ֪֡˪ţֱѡɫӣҪɫӺԵ
ſڡ
ѡʲô

߿˪ĺɫӣȻȻ飬㻹ѡ
˪һ飿ԭɫӽ֡
ߵ˵ͷȷһе˵õٶȴ˵õȴûκôȤ
˪ûʧãûö޷
ߵ˵ͷͰѹˡ
˪صѧԺȥоȥˣڼ䣬Ӧò˴
˪ûвоǺɫӣܿʮʱ͹ȥˡ
ʱѧԺĸСѧƻʽʼˣֹǰһһһǧ˱ֻ¼ȡ600ˣò˵ܼҡ


439 ڲ
ڵĻ磬ʵҲʮ˲
֪ߴڵǿܴﵽ򡣱ϾҲ޷ȫᣬҲݣҲѣеһߣ˶֪ˡ
ƺܶ࣬Ȼʮڵ˿ڣʵﵽһǧٷ֮һ
Ҳ˵һǧٸ棬һ˿֪ߵĴڣһǧſܳһߡһҲ˿ڣ㷨߾Ͳˡʵ£߶ɺͼʽڣϡȥһһ߶ûС
ԣһǧѾǺܶˡ
һǧ棬ҪɢޣԼһЩ֪ߴڵͨˡ
ȻһЩˡ
ٵ嶼üӵܼɣȫģϾȫûȵġһЩҲЩĵӣΪǿԴЩþ޶Ƹ
ѧԺƽڵĴѧҪƽö࣬ҲӵĿɣѾѧԺӵܸʵĵط
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ϴţ˷׷׶
Ƕڴ²ܲעȺ֮УʵҲֳ
ǣѧԺϢһڲϣҪҪһݣһͷԵӵԱߣΧƺвˡ
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ǣϿǾܣֻҪԸ⻨һǮֻ㣬֤ͯۡӱ֤
ŶӦһȴû˵ǲ
ӿЩĶֵǣȻμѧԺˣǿ϶ǱųΪѧԺҲѧԺСѧѧġڻ˭֪ѧԺһϵѧԺֻҪѧԺԺܾCEOӭȢ׸۷壬ȫڻ¡
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Ͷһ飬Ժǧ򻹻Զô᲻úײǣ᲻ץɫǣǣһʲôҪΪߵˣһ͵ǰͶˡ

Ǹˣһûһˣ˭֪ѧԺԺвֻҪһǮһϢʱɱ񣬷ɱ𣬿˵ѧԺʦ϶үү̵İнѧԺ
Ŀɿڴо̫˵ˡ
ǡ
Ҵ磬˵ˣ򻹲ô
Ͷˣ򵽾׬һƭ㲻ɡ
пŸҡ
Ҫɶпţɨһɨά븶ֿݡ
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ǿİɫӡһά롣
һǾյӷϢ
һðɣȫǸյʱϣ¼˱֮ĸ롣ڴ˴ѧԺڲϢȫǺ˵ģѧԺһȻѧԺȥһЩ֪ͨϢϸĦŪ˼ѧԺʱܻʵ⡣
ѧԺСͯԵÿһҪѯ⣬ȻܱЩԤ׼ˡһͲٹעˡ
ЩͶȡɵˣǼʶѧԺ֪᲻޳
˿Щڲϵ˲ˣǻûеѧԺƤӵ³
ǿӦȥ˲٣ЧõĶ׬
ŶˣǾҪ뿪ǺȻһקסǸոǶǻ
ָʲô
ǣŶӿˣҪȥ
ҡ
ʲô㣬ٲŶӣҪȥˡ
ǸʲôѾŽ˺ƺƵĶ档
˸ով˴ӵһ˴Ӷ˹òӢ˧ĵһʮǷӡ
˿һӣ¶һ˿Ľͳݡ


440 ֮ǿӵ
ЩȻ㲻ô£ι˭оܷ⡣
ڲϵʱ˼ҿǾҵĴү֮һ겻ʮһ꣬Ϊȴߴ˽ףֱ˲μѧԺ˵棬ΪҲһġԺ˵νѧԺǰ϶顣
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츳ãΪߣм̣ѧԺʦϹˣȻԻ
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ƾżӹԵһؼӴѧɲţΪɢ޴֮еһԱ
ǲ㵹ŪνѧԺڲϣһΪǸһеء
ܰҲμѧԺ˵ģڵŪϣ׬㻨ǮҲ֪ģɢ޿ǺġǣȻҵϣûãǮ϶ǲ˵ġ
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ֺƾһᣬȵķƾǸ˲ļһ
Ϊ˻رӣȻӻֻС档Ÿƾһ츳ȻȻA츳Ǹո˳ֻϰˣõһҲB츳ʱҲЩƾΪɶһؼܳΪˣһȫ츳
ĵûȵʱǰƺЩҡ
ֻһӵڵϣǶѪˣһŭĿԲŭޱȡ
㻹ʲôλҪˣߵһ˺ǳֻʮʱ䶼ˣμѧԺҲ˷ʱ䣬ԹԻؼֵȥɣ
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ƾǸռλӣܵǰһͶǵҵĸ񰡣ѧԺ֪һ츳ĶַȥĺԽǿ츳ҲԽá׼ôϣûɶˡ츳ĶУѧԺҪ찡


441 SA
̲סЦ֪
ֻƾʱֵҸոտһᣬǺǿȣѧԺһ˵츳ֻΪȼѾ֪ABCDĸȼõһA츳ɼʲô츳ĶҪСһС֪ɶ츳Ѿ˼ˣҲһõA
ƾԼǺţȻμ˿ˣ϶Ҳͨġ
ʱ΢΢һЦģA츳
ƾЩģ⻰Ц˵úãA츳ʱһԴ͡ţƺ·һݣʱȥ㣬Ҫҿ
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ڶ棬ӺϢŴȥS츳Щ𾪣Ȼǽȭͷȴǲûκε١
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ʱѾһǧ˲ԹˣA츳ҲˣS츳Ȼһ
߰ɣֱһǧֵܳڶS츳Ķѡһ뿪ˣS츳ĳɼ˭ҲܵѧԺˡ
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츳ֻҪֱнѧԺԺΪ쾳ǿ߼ʮþȵ顣
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治ңвһЩӣƾһۣѾѶԷǸ˹ͷĶˡ
ȥõģҺô㣬ˣǰɣҿҪΪѧԺѧˣҵţСԺѧ񹦣㡣ƾϰߵвɼҲܳΪѧԺСѧѧȷʵǵʮ㡣
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ƭңƾߵ
λǣû˵ѰǶˣԱ˿ȥʼӱ
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֤ƾΪԼۻˣǵóֻһȷʵһת˼¼֮ǰǡЩͷԵ뿪ˣܸоﲻԡ
ԶǺֲμӿ˵ģҲûʲôϱΪ˲ңɴϢ뿪ˡ
Ǻðɣû뵽ƾ̫£˲СĻң˶ǵ˼ӡ


442 ھһЦ
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ΪѾźˣҪɱֶѾ˴
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봺棬ѾһЩ޵ɱ⡣ϾĹ٣ȻɱҲҵʲô֡Ϊ񲻹ͨˣҵҲ弶ĲߡʵӿЦǣͱˡ
Ĵɱȫһ־硣
Ҫⳡ־硣
棬ݺݺ࣬
棬ʱм̨Ȼ߳һŮӣŮӳޡ
˿ŮӳʱɽХ㶼һɫࡣ
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Ȼһλεĳ˹ͬʱӰҲǱ˹
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ԶʢΪǸCĶ֣жʢȡʱ䣬Ǻ׵ġ
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ҲˣֻҪõӾͺá
ոӳſڣ֮ͻȻӺܳʱɱˡ
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ҶһͷԱߵĺͬ棬Ͻ롣
ݴˣ߲ˡһӰסȥ·
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ȵȣĿʲô
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455 鷨ʦ
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˪ҵ۹ռ鱨ѧ
û˪ЭҲܼʱµ鱨Щ
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û°ɣŮһЩĵʵȻöʢΪ֮һ
û¡ʢе˵ţȻ֪ԼѾ˵
Ŷܿˡԣۣ˵֮һذ״˶ʢؿڡ
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Cͷ纣ЩԾʲôˣ
΢΢һЦ¶һʮ˵ЦݣūҾͨˣס
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ڵװֱɱţǽ
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Ծģ뵽Ļ
ԸԳļ̳λӣΪݺѾܵĻɡ
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һζҲУҪͻƵ浤Ҫһţ뿪ѧԺ
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Ժħʦ֣֮Ϊһλ鷨ʦҩʦЩص˵ǲԾ뵽ĳϷ


456 
ǲһΪ˺˹Ҳ˽һ
Ѫ壬ˣսʿħʦֵ֣Ҫ˵ħʦĻƺ鷨ʦࡣΪʲô˵࣬Ϊļ֮У鷨ʦһɣʷϳֵ鷨ʦҲ֮١
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ȷʵ˵ʷҵ˹鷨ʦļأò˵鷨ʦħʦֲ֮Ĵڡʷϳֹּص鷨ʦÿһ˾춯صĴ£һȸıĸ֡ȻЩ¶ʲô£ҲħʦЭҪ鷨ʦԭ򡣡
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֮ЩɵۣȻ
֪ȷʵǵǶΪԼԽˡ
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궼겻ѡ
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һСк鷨ʦܾòʵ
ȻˣСͯҲ˵СкܿɣǸɴ໹˳ȥ
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СһﳯŶһȻʦʱŵƨƨߵˡ
׶ĶӵˣߵҶǻ̫˵㣬Сƨ
ǲ˲оԼ۶ҪŤˡ
һ鷨ʦܸɳ飬Եǰô
ʦ֮ѯ䣬Ȼ׶ԥĸ˺״Сһ³
׶ˣҲȻʧ
һֱ˼ֵ쵽˰ϪпɭֵıԵش׶ͣ
һŵıܾɣƺǼʮǰǵġ
һҲǿɭһ׶˽ȥվԶһϿš׶֮Ŵˡֻһװñӵ׶Ϲ׶ȥŹرյʱǿӹŵ֣ɫָ
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458 ۽
֮ǰаٷ֮һĿ׶鷨ʦǿõʱȫȷˡ
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ħʦȴܣò˵ͬϵ͵ߣҲǧٹ֡
ǺʦĹǰڵȻ޵ķһʵҲԸΪࡣ
лĵһڲγһڲѭӶǿ˵;
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ҲΪȽϷϻ˵ʺ͹ϵĻУȻľռ
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ǵĲ²⣬׶ιȥһҲγһͳһͳһɡ
Ϊʲôô˵ô˵еһ˶ԪϣɷӦľǾһҲӵкǿ壬ñȴ˵еաꯣ˵еʮףӦľǾһ˶ƼɽӦ
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׶һɫħȣԭʼɭȥ
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׶ƺ⣬Һʧʵ̫ܳΪħʿܴλٻ飬ǿĹʲôġ
˵֮׶̾鷨ʦҲԽԽûˣڵˣֱӾͻˣôʬٻٹʮ꣬鷨ʦ͸ʧҵˣ˵Ҿһ鷨ʦǲҰ
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׶ҡͷԵģЩȫ۵һʱֻЩϷɳ̹⣬Щ̹һص׶ħЩ̹Ҳȫ۵ǸϡɢŰ׹̰Щͷ­棬һɫĻ͵׳˼֡
ԣ׶ڰóɳ
ֱٻҲ벻һɫеñ˷ĩǵصصĹǻҡ
һֱ賿㣬׶ŻȥϢҲ뿪ˣҪ顣
µһ죬Ϫѧ׶Ǹ༶
꼶һ˵˽̨ϣȻһȺѧϣʦ˯ʱΣӶ¥̨ȥˤȣʱܸϿˡԱλʦӹǰεĽѧ͹ͬѧǻӭ
һȺѧĹơ
ʦǡȻ˰׶нѧԺĴ㣬ǿ϶Ҫ׶һϸĿ졣쵽׶ߣҲ˽⵽׶
һÿξĿΣҲзḻѧģȻֵ
棬ÿͬѧҽһ¡
׶ҽ׶ںסһȤޣޡ
ĺ¿εʱһ⣺λͬѧǵİΣΪ˸õ˽ǵѧϰѧϰҴÿ˽һμҷáɣȴ׶ʼ⣬ڻǺסһҺܵѧϰ
һҷãѧŻˡ
˵ȴ׶ʼѧǰҡ
׶ȻĿǣܾǺҲʵĽڡ
һ¿Σ׶ҵһƫƧĽ䣬óֻʹ绰л壺ˣģ
лһѵǱ¶ˣߣùҡ
лŻˣҪǱ¶˿϶Σա
ûб¶ǰҪҽмҷáȥסĵطɾ
᣿
л˲亹ﶼλʦһǧ飬ⲻǿô
ιֻŶǵȻ׶ߣڵ绰лЩЦãһ˾η鷨ʦȻѧУʦܵģ֪ݣҲ׶͵ѧУȥˡ
ʦ·ҴֹֻҲҺô绰
ŶǼסҪϿֻ
׶˵ͷ
˶Ϸֻ׶ǸСӣʵʮһˣôоЩŤ
ѧʱǵļҷÿʼˡ
׶סѾôİˡ쿪ŵĲãǸл塣
ڱҲɾúܣЩͻȻˡ
׶ôסôԶһһŶҪСʱˡ˵Ѿ˿棬ĴţƺҪҵлЩòصȥˡ
ʦˮлڡ
ŶллǼȻ׶İΣȻʲô˵ʼѯ׶ĸ
л׶ǸļΪǱҪιһǵıȴǸܾˡǵǽ׶ķ䣬ȻлεĺܺãǻǿһضϵĽֺǣӦĸϵҲװ֪˴˴εļҷá
뿪֮л׶ǳһ
ڻʦǼ˹
ĵʦ˼
ڶ쿪ʼÿ춼Ź׶׶ϼ䡣
ѧУʳãǺ׶һϳԷĹ۲죬Ǵ°׶˽ĲˡԿ׶ʲô֮ˣֻʱ֪׶ʮһˣڲΪ˰ѧǻǲ׶ѧ
⣬׶һܶòˣ鷨ʦǺųʿǵѪ塣
ѧУϰĵʮ죬һСͯҲѼһЩ׶ϢоȻһЩл׶ã˽Ĳ࣬ǸлǴһԭлСľȻϴĵΪħЩƣħʦлȡħ֮ߡ
л屯ˣħʦҪץҲʱһֱħЭͨ׶
ǽл飬׶˻ġ
ԭһҲһ˲ŰЩڣ֪͸øлһ츳
ϷǺȻһ
ԭСͯ鵽ħЭִߵ˻ģҶԷѾ׶лλá
ԷɽУ㶯֡
̧ͷһɫ۽ĺƺϱڣʱǰԷȻѾҵ׶л壬춯ֵĿܲǺܾܿǽҹ
ôϣѾȷ¼׶ôħЭ˵óѡ
ϣü
˵ţֱ׶סȥ


460 Ϊʦ
ǵٶȺܿ죬Ԫż۷Ϊ˲Ϣǰףܳٶȡ
նУܸϷɻٶȡ
ǱϾûе浤նУֻǿԼֻǶ̾Ļȫû⡣
ֻӵʱ䣬Ѿ׶סıڱڵϹģˡ
üͷ׶֮⣬ҲûмħʦһħʦʩչħĶ֮ǿĸ֪׾͸о׶סΧǧ׵ҡˣǵ׶ı棬ɢ˼ܵá
Ȼǳˡ
ǵ֣ѭĲһ۾Ϳԭʼɭ档
ӰһʩչëһգɭȥȻһ˿⡣

ɽһֱȥգ۾͵ԭʼɭ档
ҵˣ
ϢĿ˹ȥ䵽˵档ǰһ׵ĵطźɫۣħȵˣӦþħʦЭִߡǵĶ棬ǿһϾ׶ڵ׶Ҳħȣػ˸Ĳݴ档
룬׶ı
ɺϵǣﾹȻһС·ӦЩɽ˺ҩũ߳ġ
һֱȻûע⵽
ڿ׶ʮ׵ʱһε谭˵еĽ硣˵£ֻתԪԪһĵӣֱӾͰνĽпˡ
ʱħЭִҲ˶
ǵĳ۱紵֮еʼѸپۼӦǴ㶯ˡ׶Ȼ־ܣʼħֻоΧĿѹ࣬۶һЩСݶ˲ݻƣһֺܿµħ
׶Ȼǹעһˡ
ʩչħܿѾΧһʩչ˵ҪʲôµĴۡ
ʱѾ׶΢΢һЦ׶ļһģȻЩ˷ܵ׶ô
һħ׶еˣŵļæͷǿ˾Ȼǵʱ˲侪ˡ
ʦ
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׶˿ϵֿ˿Χʵľĵطܽɣ
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ħЭִҲ±ˣǿ˿ΧʱȷˣһĵطӦúôѵĵ˶󵨲ɡ⻹㣬˵ǲõĽô£ͻȻðļһôģ˹ˣѧ
ʦ㲻Ҫ˵ֻǷɢ
ôǷɢǳºòãҵĹ۲죬ɫˡ
ʮֳϿҵ˵ţ׶ԼħЭִ߶ҪᱼˡԭʼɭְǸʵľ˵²ӦҸҰõĵط˭û¡
ʦΪʲôڸϽ뿪ﲻĵط׶ȻʱЩǶʮһˡ
ΪʲôҪ뿪˵ʵΪʲôȻҲԶϾǻɽ֣˵ͻʲôͻҰޡˣĵط˵й˵²£ҪµĻϽһȥһʦĿ˵ⶼ׶ˡ
Ū鷨ʦ¹
Ѿ֪ͻҰޣй㻹¡
׶ǸǺǿ϶Σʦѵûпô߲ˡ
ʱװע⵽һſھǵҵ谡Ȼˡ֪ˣǿ϶ǻˣҾ˵ôˣ϶Ǳǰġߣ˵˷ӰСӣû뵽ﱻ׶ģʦһᱣġ
׶ЩжתȴǷŭˣ뿪治ܲ͵顣
ɻѣʲôܲ͵飬ģʦģ˷ӣʦ
׶ʱֱӰƵһߣɵˣҸ㣬û˷ӣħʦħʦӻ־ɱ㡣
ħʦȻħʦҵ谡̫ˡ
֪˰ɣ
֪ˡ
㻹Ͻ뿪
㻹ô뿪
ǲɵ
ⲻɵбµɡ
Ǻǣʲôɣ޴ķˡ
˵ʲôɣΪʦ
ƺЩŭ˵ţ׶͵һȻֻɡ


461 ħ
׶ĸжˣʦô
̫ɵ˰ɣ
ǿɲЩͷĿŶħЭִߣǻǣղѾˡǻĵ׽źܿ͹ʱô졣
ǵвħЭħʦüͷ΢壬զ֪ʲôץš
ȵȣǲǷʦ
׶һˣǻǰǰ˵˷ӡ
ħЭִҲǺˣǻʾһ£ħָǵķȻ￪ʼεĿľǰ׶ץȥһͨ˵޹ؽҪ
׶æҪסǣȴǾȻˡ
Ŷ濴ȥʱ򣬲֪ɶʱѾħʦǰȻһץ˵ħȡ
ħЭִ˲ɵۣǵħҲжˡ
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ֹĸоŵĶǳź˼ȻԼ۾
ǽ뿴ˣһųͷ͵ǻС
һЩװŪڸʲôôҸǻвͨԺ׼װŪҪѧ
˵ţתԪ͵һۡ
꣬ħӲأ̫ˡ
ħʦٴĿɿڴǵħȿɶͨģǱѹҲϲˡǰһﾹȻһƲͶˣҽѧıѧ־д˫۶ϸֽģһӵ
˦ְħӵһߣޱȵߣΪ͵ʦҾЩαѧġ
ħʦǺˣαѧðɣ
׶ѾĿ࣬զ£˭ܸһ£·ʦǲ̫ˡ
װưҲ̫װˡ
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ȻûħȣⲢӰʩչħʱԥħǵޱȣǸоǸʲô˻졣
ȥԭħҲʩչħȴǸո֪һüĳ嶯ɶʱ˵ħʦʩչħһҪħˣħȲܼӳʩѡȻеԭħȶᣬҲʵõĺܣʩչħʱ򣬻ܵͷһͷԷ
ֿʼװŪˣôЩţ񡣡
һȭмǸ˺˹ȥһﾹȻҲ㣬ȻǾ͸оԼҵһǽ棬ֶЩۡ
ԹԵģħͦǿô
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ǳһ£תԪ˫֮ϣʯֱˣȻڿն𣬶ܵеĹ
ִߺԥʩչħ׷ǣҪĽడ
ǺһЩαѧս򵹡
׶ڣ˶ǳ鴤ܱܲαѧˡ
ʱ뷨ȻԷʩչħ֮Կһ£ħţơ
дһӡΧȻޱʮʮ׳ĻצͻȻ֡
ȥɣڣ
ħЭִһʮô¡
ȵȣʮôզˡ
ӵǻѱݡ
ۿʮ˹ΧʮɷԲȫǻ硣
ħʦȾܣͬʱʼʩչħϵͷϵʦãϵʦȻˡʩչܣһְѻʵ赲ħ˭֪ȻֻһƴСħƣ˵ˣֽ̫Сˡ
ô£
ΧռĻԪظĿˡ
λϵִҪˣûмʲôһӰΧԪġ
겻İ
ؼΧµħԪزҪӣȲ
ʱһӹˣˮϵʦ壬æסλߵĻϵʦɾ˵·һء
Ȥ̫ȤˣȻħ
ʱԥٴʩչˮϵϵתˮϵִߺϵִҲͬı硣
ԾģѾˡ
⵽ʲôֶΰرħȴͨһЩӡʩչģʩٶҲ̫˰ɣ
ԪػָٶȾȻϲĵٶȣ⻹ëߡ
ӰһѾǰôͣˣ˰


462 㻹ԥʲô
Ǹħʩչ⻹ë
Сһൽ׶ǰʦ˰ɣװŪļһôҪҪɱˣ
ִŻˣǾԸɵó
ľˣһճƣǵǵʲôù
˻̿ޱȵӣ׶ûôˬɶʱħЭִ䵽ֵزǸȲɱ
׶Ȼ֣֪ǡ
Ͼ֮ǰﲻͨˣںȻţƺĳˣַתʵ̫ˡ
ǵǾú˼׶˵ִħʦʲôˮƽоҲôô
׶Ǻǣ⻹вô̫ǿ˰ɣ
ʦ˶ħʿǸ߼ħʿʣµмħʿħʿ൱ڻߵ쾳硣
ŶƺЩӡ󡣡
ǰħʦϣħʦľ绮ֻһ˽ġ
иŵħʦħѧͽ൱˵⹦ĻߣȻħʦʽˣԼʩչħ൱ڻĵĺ쾳ߡŲħʿħʿ֮󣬺ųħʦͬΪм͸߼ħʦ൱浤ˡ
׶鷨ʦĿǰҲǸ߼ħʦˮƽħʿ
ҲħЭֻħʿȻ϶ľħʦˡ
ߣħЭ᲻ŹġΪ׵ǸħʿŭĳǺһħЭ滹Щλġ
ǺǣŹңħЭʲôΪһ£˵ţһһĶϣ۵ȥġ
ʦǰ׶Ȼɭɭ˵ţ뵽Լòĳ棬ħЭĳӿ

ִ߶Żˣǿ֪ΰ¾ְѻתΪİ취һ˻ᱻİ꣬ȻΪеľż
뷨ǵ˵ͷ
鷨ʦѻҪǸҶǣѵûˡȻ뵽ԼһƣǸл壬Χ׶֮ǰץסл塣
л壡׶ɫһ˲ɫ䡣
ؼҵʱûмл壬Ϊлˣû뵽ͱħЭץסˡ
ô˵л׶Ωһѡ
ô죬ô죿
ߣ֪ͺãǸѾħЭᣬҲ֪ħЭֶΡ
л屻ħЭ᣿׶ɫһ䣬л廹ڻģȳл岢ѣҪħЭˣǿ˵졣
Ծģ׶Ϳǡ
ƺǲħЭᣬǵʵҲ㹻ǿ
Ұл壿üȻʵ뵽ħЭˣ治ðա
ţ׶϶ĵ˵ͷ
ʱְħЭִ˹ȥȻϾĵҺû㣿
׶ʱȻЦˣȻ֪ΪʲôңҾԲһɺϣΪѧУʦԤıҺܸм㣬Ҳ˵ĿġϵõʲôԸ˫ַϡ
ǾԽԽȤˣҲǱΰµʵռǡ
׶ȻͰǱʵռ˳㡣
ǵ˵ͷԽԽ׶ˣֲʽʶһ£ʵѧԺʦӽΪ˶ˡֹڣʽͨѧԺˣԸΪѧԺѧҾͿԴѧԺѧ
ѧԺ׶һϲ֮ǰѧԺĿֲ
ԸԸһȥ
ҡ׶Ķˣ֪ѧԺһѧԺܽѧԺѧϰԺҲõħЭ׷ɱ
㻹ԥʲô
֪ѧԺһѧԺҲԸΪѧԺѧԺħЭԸҶôףұȥл塣
ԸΪѧԺѧҲҪȥл壿

ԸԼҿ԰л壬𲻴ӦǺȻɫ䣬һ㣬׶̲ס̿
Լ
׶һ⣬֪ǲġ
Ҫҵʲô
鷨ʦкܶô˵Ҳ
Ȼ
ôˣ
ķҪˣҴӦ
ǹЦܺãͨҵĿˣѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ȥɡ֮ڣһлǰġ
׶Ǹˣ⾹ȻҲǿ顣
ֻ֪ʵϵͳǷ˽л񣬲ȻĻô״Ӧġ
һ˶ħЭᣬֱ˲ĵ浤ֶûм˸ôġ


463 ħȷ򿪷ʽ
ٿǽӵϵͳ񣬽ƺˡ
֧л塣ҪޡһǼ￨ƣָŶǼ￨ơ
ΪȱľʦˣϾʦĿйһǧѧǳ롣
ʵڶô฽СѧѧԺҲȥˣҪֻЩĽѧ㹻ѧԺյˡ
һʦǸ޷ܾ
ȳл壬Ҫúıһ
׶ˣеϣϣҲûǩ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ƺڵȴǵĽ
ǰħЭִ߻ȻϵЭˣǷл壬ȻҾɱǡ
˶ܺ£ħЭƺôס
ǿ˶ԼֱӶʹѧûܳܵס
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ԭħЭ棬Щ߲עķл塣ԭʵܼ򵥣ÿһħʦһоħķӣӳħЭʱ֯ĿƽħܡֻôȥħȻһͬ棬ô
ħЭżȻʶ˶ǵʩչٶȸ죬ʵԸǿħʦ۽硣
֪ħʦѵƽħصϣڡ
ֻǶزôģ뵽ץһЩ߸졣
ôȥû䣬ҲûȥעħЭִˡ
ֻڵҲ֮٣ħЭ緢һл壬˹ʺˡ
еϣץл壬׶
ħЭҵ׶ʵԭлϡ׶ܺõİȥлȴûУħЭҪлģ˳ϵ׶ѡ
ǸоޱȵĲٵѵħЭ᲻鷨ʦˣ
ʱЦⶼʲôˣ鷨ʦǰ֮Կ£Ϊǰ鷨ʦٻ飬Щηͨ˵вܴӶǵĶ֡ڿƼô˵̹ˣ񵯣ͺ˵Уٶʲôá
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˼̫򵥲ˣǰսҲǱȽģʱⲫ鷨ʦ麷ηȷ˺¡ھ齨ʮҲסɻϣûɶô
ҲҪʱ̲ס̾
ǵȻֻҪħʦ鷨ʦΪ壬ǸСƨܲܳΪħʦһ⡣
˵ĺеץл壬ǿ϶Ҫȳġǵ
ȰòҪȥħЭ᲻ôǵġ÷ǣǿԵʲôûзలôҲסȻǣǲǵʵ
ϻֱ࣬ӸħЭܲǺȻɫ䡣
áûԥȻȫǡ
Сʱ󣬷ɻϡ
ǰͷȲգֻˡ
Ҳûţڷΰµʵռǣò˵Ȿʵռĺȫ棬潲ħʵħ¼ֵʩչ
ħҲǷּģĳ֮Ϊ䡣
ǿΰ¸ֵĶΪ䣬ɼֵĿ¡
ѧϰħЩȣǾȻħ
šǵ
ħ̫ˣħûôѧġЦ
Ҷˣǿħʦǽħɣǿˡ
ܾǿɱ˵ʶıˡ
ͼ򵥶ˣǲѯħ֪ʶħҲԽԽ
ʩչһС
ǣˡ
ڷϵִʩչʱǲ׽ռеһֲͬʱԺ֮йת
ģ۾ԽԽ
ԭħͨͨӡӡʩչٶȸ죬ӡ仯ϳɲͬ͵ħ߱ġ뵽вϵشһЩֵӡЩӡԨ࿴ϲЩӡȴȫ˸ոշϵħʦħ
һͬķгˣħƺô򵥡
⡭ôܣɫ֣̿翴˴˵еħ֮


464 ǰ
װһĪӣ˦
ħЭ׷Ѱǧܱƽ⣬κһħʦĿɿڴ
ʵƽܣûпôסڵѧˮƽͳԽκһ浤ǿߣԽ浤磬վڵĲξѾһˡߣҪħԶѾˣĽǶ̽ѰħܣѶȻ󽵵͡
Ǹˡ
ϵسԸħÿһħĲǿмȻϡ
Աߵ𾪣ľѾһ㿴ǡ
ɻ˷裬Ǻ˷ܵ˳һ·ѧϰٲȻΪһħʦ
ڷԼʱĵطһ֪ССħʦС򣬾סǧħʦĿ֮һħʦ
ħЭҲ
ǵС򸽽ҵһɽƺڵȴᡣ
֮һħʦ棬Ӳߵ
죡һȣֱһѪǧħʦѣΪܵסҡ
ҧгݣħЭִҲʮַŭ
Ǹǣҵ˿ΰ¼¼֣Ȼʼϵ
һĻʧɫʩչ֣
ħʦҲ͵һ
ȻģѾΪǣָͨ飬ʩչ֣ĴţһЩ齵٣ԸħʦСԵѡϾħʦСûоӣӣҲҪСʱ
ģȷʵǾӵĶ֣ǳ䲻⣬޷ħЭᣬҲħЭҡǸʱҵĻᣬֻҪһħʦСžȳлȫ㹻ˡǱһЦԥİԼļƻ˵˳
ֱǷˡ֪ôʩչħҲᱻɡ
ôһ׼˵ŷռǵһҳ澹Ȼһħ󣬶ħȻһ׼ħ
ʲô˼һֺܲԤС
һħȻ׼ħʩչħͲˡٺ٣ħʿǸ߼ħʿȫħǿ֧һС͵ˡ΢΢һЦ
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470 
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ˮͷЩѧķܼ򵥣ÿ˱ֹһ黨
еѧΪͼ죬ϧֲ黨
һѧԺ黨ԽԽ࣬黨ﶼмĶСԺֵĶǡ
黨ٲȻΪѧԺһִ
ѧԺĳУѧԺļλŮʦÿ
ѧԺӰܴ󣬴ѧԺĶҲԽԽࡣ
ʦÿ춼ɹѧԺƶȽһɣʦֻԿʱһƷ
ţЩǺóԵĶⷽҼֱǰٳԲᡣţѹڹ䳬Уϵزɹһ㶼ۡ
һɹţĽȥˡ
ʦһһʱ˫ڵ
һʱС˼ⶼС˼ţ˵ţѧԺܻӭʦ֮һһʱʲô
˫ҿʱЩǮ۵Ѱںţ棬ѧԺݸָϷͲôġ
ٺ٣ʦ˺ԺԼԺͻʫнѧԺģŶţʮַ˵š
ģѾȫСɵĸ͹ˡѰ˵š
ҾǰϲˡţЯѹ뿪һѾNɪһˡ
ѧԺ֮УǴԵ꼶ѧ磬ĹԺ
ʱ֪Ϊ˼ϰԺֻ֮Ҫ´ڹϢǰԺ
ڹĹġ
繥1ɱΡҪɱһͷΡָǼ￨ƣ100һ¹ҩ衣
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ע2Ѿ޸ģнѧ趨ΪɴϴԱ޶Ϊʮˡ
ע3˴νѧΪܳ
ע4ԺѧԽ룬罫Ϊ硣
ס֪Ѿ硣
Ҳ˵겻ѧǶȥ
ǿЩҲѧǵĺûᣬܷŹ
ֻҪʮ˽磬Ҫúһ£ΪӲҪˡ
ΪܳǾֻ
СŮѧǵϢµѧвٵġ
ȽϤ֡
Ľ츳ܸߣҪһֱúĻڶܴﵽżϲоһЩƼھȻֻ۷ΪȻǻҩʦнΨһһS츳ѧѧԺʱ䲢ھȻҲ۷Ϊ
ѧǻԼƾ
ɾɾĸģȥѧԺģѾѡʮˡ
棬ʮ˺ܿλ
һʮֻҪܻһ»С
Ժģ¶⡣
ЩΣһһ
ɱһٸλףȫˡ
ǲ֪˵ʲôܾεûô򵥡
ʮĽ磬һתǳһܷɴ档
Ƿɴƾҵ谡ε磬ĿƼ첻Ķ
ԺȻ˽ҵġĽȻЦˣҪҷɴˣоеԭ
ҵḶ́ǻûмΣ˰ɣ˿Ľ̿֡
ǶˣǿҪĿĵˡһŮӵ˹ѧȥ⾹Ȼһˡ


471 ⡭ʧˣ
˺ɻ󣬲ÿѧݼɣǺܿκԼݡ
ʱ򣬴Ӻ洫һLV426ȽϤǽһǹεġ
һȺѧͷȥ˵˾Ȼ塣
˵ͷģ֪Լ񡣲ҲҪԼΣLV426ΣǴȥо
仰ȽϷԭһȺѧȴ±ˡ
ô֪Ψһ˾ȻҲ̫˰ɣ
òʱ䣬һȺѧڼϷǺܿǾͷԼ̫޴ˡ
Щ޵ĹӶǵһγɴɣЩĵĿһȺæҵѧ滹˵ʵǿҿҲδء
һȺѧ˲һԭԭ鱻޸ĳ
ȻǵһγɴǾʲôҲ˻ˡ
Աߣֵͬѧոô֪ģ
忴һۣ͵ȣǽһһ񣬲ûһָñһϷִܻ˰һ峤ָ·ǣѡʲΣĴºʹ磬Ȼ͵Ӱ֮вܴ󣬿ϸȶԣҲȷݡ
Ǻˣ֪˵ʲôá
Ĺ۲ǿ
һȺѧ֪ãʼѯõϢ
ϮľӦжٵΣ
εĿϵѶȣѧǿ򣬵ȴĽ
˵棺ԭоӽһǧˣһǧ˶ϮԼ֮һᱻμĿӽ١
٣
ǵģ˶ΣӲƴ϶ǲеġֻȳҴľȻڵĵطпдȻͿΡ
иѧѿڵôôˣֻ߰ʮô
˵֮ѧͱˡ
Ϊ˵ԭľ飬ڵľͱ޸ˣֻмʮΡ
ٵΣܻٵġ
һȺѧǺţڿɶߣΡ
ǶԷɴϵǺϤʹһ°ɣ
˵˵ֻϤԸΣߡ˵žʹȥ
ԭʱ䣬ǽ䵽档
˼ѧԺѧȫʼѰҴˡ
ѧǸо𾪵ģһ䵽棬еѧѾˡ
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Ļǵͻ
̽ѧǶܴ󵨣ȴСġ
һ䣬ԿѪ˿滹һ˵ֱۡ
ƾȥѪһʱˣľȷǱϮˡ
ǰߣȻǰ淢˴̶
̧ͷȥһͷӽ׸ߵżݺͱ߻βͣޱ
Σ𵱼˻
ȥôΣⲻѧһѧԭĵӰ棬кܶǰġ˵֮óԼһѳǸŷֲԣæóǹ
ʲôһϲͷѧֱӴ˳ȥһλεĴֱնΡ
ҪΣգ򾪺
ο˹ѧ¶˷ݣ޴βֱӳ˹
ն
ѧܹõĵֱһɽʮ㡣
أ
һնεβϣȻ˽ײ
ǣûնϡ
ѧϵһĻײһԾ嵽ϡ
ͬʱһնεԴ
꣡
εԴûôӲһն
ǸţֻɫҺɽεѪҺ
㿪򾪺
ģ˲˵ĵȲ˵ҿġλѧû⣬ЩǿҺʱȫһĵӡ
žߴ
һλɫҺ䵽ļϡ
ɫȻ䡣
ۣۣ
Һ徹Ȼܸʴһ·ʴʴ١
һ̣Ե뿪硣
м䶼ûгʮ롣
һȺѧҲ⡭ʧˣ
ߵѧ̭ĵطŵǸʴĳȻʴӣԭû
˼ʱǹԴǵ˭ոǸȥˣ
ת۾ǹȻһɱ㡣


472 սʼ
۾η壬ƺǰһжܡ
ʱ򵭵ָ΢΢˵ܽšëſ˵ں£㵣δȥġѪͷ϶ǺӦԺ뵽ʲôµ顣û´ĻӦǻ䵽һЩܲѺõ飬һǹεġ
𾪣ЩŵĿ塣
㴩ż򵥣ͷҲ࣬˵һУˡȷɱңΪ㵣һδȥ֪ǺܲǵģΪɱңҵͬҲɱˣȻλǻᱻص򡣡
Ĭ˵Ķԣû뵽㻹һѧҡ
ʱĬȻһЦǻǿϲɣȻҲû壬ҿԱ֤Ƕûκζ⣬ȷȷʵʵΪΡڸոҵǸͬΪʲôʧˣΪ͵һط
ͣ
һּ漰Ŀռԭ
Ҳ˵û뵽ȻѾƳɹˡ
廣ס뵽Ļ壬ǹҲ
ȥʬȥˣ죬ܿͽһС
ܲѪҺĸʴ̫ǿĻֻҪմѪҺͻһۣҲ˵ĽӲһΧֻƾǹеĻԱѡ
˶ǳĬˡ
ʱģǵĵҩ㣬ֻҪȷûҴߣֱԶݻ
ѧҲò˵ͷƺ׵İ취
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ɣǲжôʱ䲻԰
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꣬θǲܶĵסӰ֮жƭ˵ģȫθˡƾ۴УӴܵķɿ졣
ȥĵطﲻʺսϵ棬ȥ
ǾȻһͨڵĸӣֻҪȥȫ뿪ⶰ
һȺѧһԾ׶ߣĿɿڴ
ʲôߣһץ͵س汼ȥ
棬ڻɵġ
һȺ˿ٱӣЩܷŹԼǿʼ׷
˲ϵıսӣһȺѧת۸ɵ߰ͷΣѧΪɢˣ׶༪ˡ
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ΪͣӦܿ죬֮󣬺Ҳûˡ
һ£ЦĸѧεҲ̫˰ɣ
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Ȼطɴɣ
š
ֻ˵ɴʱȫɵˡ
ô£ɴôˣ
䱸
ûļ󣬲ûš
߽ɴʱ򣬳ɵۡ
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Ľѧ㣬ô㣿ʧ
ôͻˡĽоһᣬǸ߿Ƽ
Ľѧ㣬ֱǷˣѷɴˣôȥһѧߵѾס
ȥȥĽ˿ѧֻҪһ£Ȼ뿪ʵʲôģҸעҾöǰķҷɴŪҷɴԭ˵ǻȥԼķɴ
⣿ѧȻоеǱ߼صѧĽ˵ȻŲɴ
ôɱΣҾоɴˡĽ˵֮󣬼
Ľѧ㣬ôԺ֪ôƾЦ
ת۵˰˼򵥵سһЩԵúƣ
ǲȥϢȻ˷쳣
ֻԶ̹й
ãιˡ
ʲô
׼
̫ģ޷׼
ףס
ȥûбõ
忴ҵѧҡͷ̾սĿʼˣֻܼһô


473 䣬Ұ
Ȼ֪ѧ羭һУĿǰ˫
磬˵ǳ׳һһķչ
ȡ֮һϳ£ŷʵȻŪĿ಻ԡ
Щ÷Ҫġ
й֮У˿ޱȵߣӶˤ˼
治ķ治Ȼͼı췴ŭޱȣ䣬䣬ĻѾ˳⣬˵õΣ
̿ЦԾĿ˿
˲֪֪Ϊķ֮췴ȫһֲġ
ϵżķķϾ·
ʱվޱȵ˵ʥϣĻڣ޿ɵֵΪ֮ƣֻ뿪ݣݱܷâʥϣյķ췴ϢѾ׼˴󴬣ʥϳ˴뿪ĻҲ׷ϡȵ˰ȫĵطֻҪǲӣķɡ
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һܵ˼Ҹȥ
׼ֱָָͼʥϣǲȥｻͨ㣬ͨפҴļʮӡķǹȥѰ·ʱһҷҳַķϷķء
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䣬Ұкˮ֪Ǽ١
һԿĺΪԼɫļ鳼ˣǺһȣȫһϵġ
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ĻݣǻȻߣýǰ̽ϢȻˣǰ׷ⷬ򡣡
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ҾȻ㣡
ʥϣһ·ߺã
˵֮󣬸ķı췴ʥϲ̳Ϊ²ѾΪ
һʱ϶Ǳա
˿ʼӴܣ̿һ޼ʵĴ󽭣һ˿˵ģ˻ӹĻʵۣ˭Ը⵱̺֮ˣʷϿ϶ʲô쾵ѳ˻һҵڡ
˵֮ͶӶ
ĻǰһĻһֺܲԤУΪһж̫˳ˡ
ʮ֮Ϣأ𾪡
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Ϊǰŵˣû˻
գ٧ַķŷͬʱķñ³״ҡ
ŷսԴ˿ʼ
ʮ֮٧ǲԳˡ
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û֪ʮ棬˱˪򣬴󲿷ֵĽѾ٧Ͷϡ


474 ˾
Ļʹ֮Уڽ̵٧Ա߻ѧԺѧ͡
񻺻ʥϣղҽι֮㶼ô
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΢΢һЦʥϣ֪ķΪʲô󵹸ꣿ
٧ҡͷֻΪ㡣
Ĵŷ췴ۿžҪϷ峯ʱķʮվͱɽŷҲҶˡ峯ʱΣֻҪ峯ʱ䣬ŷҲᱻơ
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˪
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˽ĵǲ٣վֻһµˣһж˪˼̾һԼʵҲЩ˪ģʥϣȻΪ֮˪ȴһֵ֮˵ˣҲһľҵ
Ӧ޽ֹҵŶԣôչҵ٧ˡ
ʥϣҵǾ޴ģ㲻ΪˣҪֹ峯һжģҲչҵ˭Ķ֡ҪΰѿһҵľˣñһЩұҵʳΡʳȣƿڹҵһڿεˣʱᡣ񻺻
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ʱ¶һЦݣΪҺ˪ͬѧΪʦá
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԰͵⣬٧ԥһ£ʵʦһүү
٧˵꣬Ļʥϣ㲻Ҫȵ۵飬ȵ˺ܶ飬еĳͷҪѧιȵһɽúþӪȥ
٧սսģȻһĪѹ
˼Ȼֻͷʥϣϣһûʵۡ
٧˵ͷЩɵЦʦģһµġ

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ΪʲôվȻûԹԣ
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ǵƺڱ͸͸Դû֪
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ڶگ峯һѧԺѧԺѧԺרΪ峯˲š
گ鷢ȥȫˡ
Щʿһ裬Ǻܿھ˾ԼѧԺĸ˱˳ʱֻȻǼѧԺֻҪܳΪеʦȻ;ƷٵĴһ԰סܶ
ƶʿĶˣһЩʿȻ޶ԡ
ɾһºһϢ֡
쵶ȱʦ֮һΪѧԺԺѧԺ˽Լľѧ
ȱηĴ书ʦ
ţѧԺе壬ȻҪɵӵǰѧԺͶ
ηãѾ̸ҾɵˣǸоǵļӵȥӡ
ԥʱһ´Ϊ͢گȻŰΧ˵ӱץףΣֻͶ壬ѧԺ
ɿɶ峯ﻹĥ䣬һʱ䳬ٷ֮ʮɶʾԸܾ˾Ͻ
ʣµļɣƺѾ޹ؽҪ
ŷ˿֪ȥڴ峯£ˣǸûлˡ
ʮ֮ŷĵӽѧԺΪеѧ
֮󣬴峯ҪЩڤ粻ɶˣԴȺի;ΪҪĿꡣ


475 ջ
Ⱥի;֮Уࡣ
ʦѴ˿̵ΪѾﵽԪ˼ڴȺի֮еλȻ
ڸλϣŭɶҴȺիɰ꣬縺ΪѡΣû뵽һ죬ǻᱻ׵ĳ͢ˣǿЦ֮棬֪ڵ٧Σ񣬴˲˵Ǵ鳼ôôΪ˸֮ʦ
Ҳǿʦѡ
ʦվ˳ɷ⣺ʦӹ޵峯ҷɽѡķԸҰпܶµĴŷ鿴һ飬ķ֮Ļ书ǿȴûι֮šηͶ·ʵƫҲ֮ġΨ֮УԨĻأ̲ļŮӵоγ֮šԣΪ´ңԨܿܳƵۣѡȻҪӴ֮ѡ񡣡
ݵ˵ͷҲ˼
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ʦѼڵ٧ûмһСӣܵϻʵۣȫʦ˵Ϊݵʱһ棬ױӽ㣬ҵõһְٰң̣ȼйΪس
Ŷ˵һС
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һ֪Щץסˡ
ʦһƱ̴ͷţʲôʵ
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ֻǵһ仰÷ڵļ𾪡
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̲ܱŲţʼ飬˵㱻ɱʼһȫıȺիȫưֲܵ͡ˣֹĪ֮ţֱδżδ뵽ݣﻹС
֮󣬿Цѣʵڿ£ֻѡȻҪԼһҲѹѡһʮĺͯǴȺիҵʵڲΪСЯ´ƶ治֪Ӧԡ
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ϢȺիڹ˳峯ˡ
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ӹţ鿴ݣɫ˲԰ס
žȻһ⸲ȺիļƻһᵽʮһԣеһĨڴȺիôȺիΪ֮Уǰħ̻Ҫɶ򱶡峯ԽǿҵĿҲѳţ֡
ʮҲǶޱȡ
ؼЩıֿܹġ
ǴȺիԸѧԺ츣²΢΢һ̾վˡ
áȱһϲ˲һһȺիϡԾģҲ뵽ĻҲݵĻᣬҲǵηԭڡ

ѧԺ֮С
ʱķɿ죬ǳѧԺѾˡ
Ŵ˫ĹҪˣǺܸˡ
ȴǣʱҪʦѧԺΪ峯ѧԺû
ͬˣһЩʱ䣬ҲƽһЩΪ͵ѧȥ翴
ͬʱĹҲˣȻֻĸѧҴһʧܣò˵ǹӵġջĽȻѷɴԭ߰˰ˣȻɴѾõĿƼһ
ֻǿϧҲˣϵͳǣԺ綼ǻһƬ
˵ˣϵͳûд֮档
쵽罱ſָǼƣȴûʹãʱ

ʵһ죬ơ
һս鵽ѧԺغһǶѾǵˡ


476 սϾ֮
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Ŷԭˡǵ˵ͷصԽӺ
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һѹħЭ᣿ҲһΪոմħ˻ڻЩء
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ѧԺչزɱҪͻϵΪС
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ǻѧԺıδ飬ؼǱѾסˣǾȻ׺غսϾ֮۵ϢɢĵǣͲ˾֪ˡ
غһսѧԺλ


477 ľ
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غĽѡ
ôͻƵ쾳磬Ժǰ;
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ڣغ͸ԼΪһλ
ΪŻʲôԴСҲԵ޹սס
֪˻ã֪Ķһԭ˵ӡ
غȴţǹȥһСʱ׵Ӱ˶Ҫˡ
ֱӺߵ֪Լɣҹ
һҲǵ˵ͷ֪ҾͲغͻƵ쾳ɢȥˣ׿϶ǱغΪŵˡ


478 ֪ҵĲж
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Ĳ˵ƿֲ


479 һǹ֣
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۵ƣ˲
Ҳɫ䣬ת˷״̬


480 ͻƾ
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ϴ󱧵ΧѧԺҲһս˶ӡ̡
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һŽ׵ҪҵĥʯΪԼˣ̫ˣСӣ˭ҵĥʯ㶼ҪʹĴۡһ֪쾳ͱĲൽжǸɷ֮𡣡
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˹ĸоֻһȭĹٴﵽ˱ס
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481 ͻ
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488 ãԶƵð
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͵ԣѾƾһλ֪ʶԨðߡ
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489 ֮ĵ
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˷ȻԽԽ󣬺Ȼǡɱֽҡ
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ʱѧԺѧǿԷǰɽˣǵųʳĳΪͱ
ǳɿˣʮͺĳ棬˵ȫƾĹ͡


490 ǳ
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һ˿ѾԿǹҽһĶ


491 ȳ
׷˲ã֪ԼѾʷìļƲߡ
ʷìɳ֮ʵǴյǰȻ
ʱѾ޷ܡ
һǳɣǰǵɽ𺣣ҲֻӲͷƤһǹ
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˪һ档
ⲻ׺ͺ̫̫ԴˣСʷìҲ߿Լ
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ʷìʬ壬һͷʬ壬ƺ˼


492 ѧԺӲ
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ôˣǵĿԡ
ٴν֣Ȼ˲ԡ
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498 
ǺǺǣΪʶ̫ٶѡ
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Ϊһʤʹ˷ǲܵ顣
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ǰδеӶֿʼʩչĪĽ
ĵ֮Уƽֽûǿ϶һ
Ƕֽܺ棬ղֽ˰¶˹Ѿ˼ֿܣûԽӴֽǺȷ
ڶʹֽһ̽еİء
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ƺһ˿ռ֮У֮ѾԽ׵ľ롣
ǸΧһУȻһ˿һɲͬѰķ硣
ȻΧǴ磬ɷȴһ޼᲻ݵζ
ѭ˿һķ磬͵طණ
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Ľѽϵ硢ˮԼ֮УЩ
ԺͬʱѧнùʩչĽнûʩչĽ϶Ӱ񽣡
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ⳤУճĻ׾ܱԷжϳĹ켣
ԣʩչνʵһ֮
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ֻһ޴Ľնϳһ׳ѷ졣
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һҲǷйؼ
סˣһƷ¿һսʿơ
ãһ𡣡Ҳעһˡ
˵ţͬʱ֡
ĽߣȴǴһԪڵһѽ
˶浤۷ս֮¾һ浤߼һս
͵ػͷһ˿ŭ
ԼŹˣѾʴˣҲ̫ʶȤˡ
¶˹Щ£ҵĹԹԣˣǿܰɣ
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һӡ
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ʲôѧ
Ͱ¿ﶼһΪǸоЩӰȻĽһ
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µǣѾԶǧ֮ԶǷɽںǽ׷ᣬ翪׷ٶλһ


499 ְ
ܲζ
֮ǧ֮ݷɽ֪Ƕýֿġ
һ˵
˵еĽҲˡ
ϵ˺ԽԽ࣬᧿Σ
ʱͰ¿˵ʲô֮ģʲôԪںսʿЭҪˡ
û취СҪ
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Ψһ뷨ǸϽ뿪ԽԶԽá
ܳȥ֮Զʱǳں׷ǣҪ֪ɶǧˡ
ŭޱȣѧԺʲôطʦѵ涼˲ɣֻ֮Ӧôڴ˵֮С
¿ܷͬŭֲ̫ˣ֪ҾͲϹκˡ
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΢΢һЦתͰ¿˿ȥôҲʶһҵ
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Ǵһһ֣ͷ˻
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ĵ˵ţð¶˹֮ǰĶ䡣
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ץŰ¶˹ȥִ˼ںɳգ۾ǲټ
ɣǩ
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ѧԺƸͬҲ֮ΪԼ顣
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ǲÿɷ񣺡ҪҲԡ
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¶˹֪ٲǩԼ飬϶ûɶùӳԡ
Լǩϣ¶˹Ժ֮ж˲ٵϢǹѧԺϢ
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ǴŰ¶˹ˣԺ㹤ĵطֵص˽˺˹Ҳټ㣬ȻûгΪѧԺĻᡣ
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ɫëǸߵ˵һѻյģڿһëûˡ
̫ȣˣҽҲˣ
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ȴŰ¶˹ɽְȥϰˡ
ܿ죬ɽ˺˹İ
ټңټңҴ
ë㻹˵ʲôëҰëҲһһε
Ѿĵôֲ˼˶

ڶ죬¶˹յѧԺͨصǿ۳нʡ
¶˹£ǵѧ˺˹ʳ֪ԭнʿѧԺĸֶʳ
˺˹Եͣ¶˹ڲ
ȥ˺˹ĳԵģˣٱнʡ
ѧԺ֮УСͯעһԪںսʿЭû춯ȷһ֮ŷġ
ɹİѰ¶˹ƸΪѧԺɽˣ֧Ҳʱȡˡ
ȵ¹ҩ裬һʮţǱ
¹ҩԵֵ¿ޣ붼˼飬ѧҪһҪѵҲ١
Ȼտ˵ʱѧԺҲóһŽɼѧ
ǴԺÿ꿼ǰѧ״֤ʲôģ͸ӵˡ
ѧԺƶȻɣҲһʱ
ȻľһǼ￨ˣǿƵ棬һòӢӣ
Ƿ˿Ʊ棬ǿǸԼʱ򣬲һѪ³
ﾹȻҲǳԱȽϻӾ磬ȫյӾ趨ģֻ뵽һﾹȻëë涼һȣʵ˲ò


500 ̫ϵ
ϸϢ
ʮһ
ԣǧǡ
ʵ浤˼
ӵѧ
ӵɷм
ӵмܣꡣ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺʦʦ
Ǹоǲġ
ʮһӵмǶԨࡣ
⣬ʮһΪҲͣȻﵽ浤˼ҲǱϼһ
֪ʮһԭԵӾ磬ʮһΪܴﵽߡ
Ӿ棬ѻǧ֮е˲١
ǳ˼һ£ûлȡʮһĽǻȡм
ɽֶΣԶмţ
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߽ɷС
ǽʼٻʮһǰܿͳһµӡ
Ժ
ʮһʦӭѧԺҶǾ
Ǻ飬ʮһЩӦʮһʦϲëëô
ʮһȻԺ˵Ǳɣ
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ʮһʱޱܻţϲëë棬ϲǱ
Ǳ׵òᣬֻҪܻΣıʲôֻҪֵ߾С
˱߱˵
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һȺѧͷ϶ǺˮǱʮһŵˡ
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Ȼˣѡʮһγ̵ѧȴԽԽࡣ
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ǲôעε˵ͦףһȺѧҲֶξˡ
ʱǺȻյһ⾹ȻԻ󶥼̫ϵ̡
΢΢һЦô
ĳһѧԺŻĵʵܲע
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˵ʱ˰¶˹ۡ
ƺϳ˰¶˹ݡ


501 
ʱɽϴһ
ޱȣһֱ˰¶˹˵Ķ棬ɽϵȴδ
ݺܼ򵥣ɽģ˵ǡ
ӵЩ𾪣ǧףôģ˼顣
ӴСʿĴţǻΪ˵˾Աء
¶˹ʱÿ·ɽ
ӵ˵ͷҲûָѧԺԺӭ
ɽȥӷ಻ͬѰĵط
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Ͳ˵ˣֻǽ֮׶һЩζ
ñодš˷ȥңؼ䡯ϸŵʱƺҪ
ʦĽܾ͸ˣһЩʦԣѧġ
͸ʦЩԣƺܿʦˮ׼
ñȿŴѩԣ׾˸оĽ֮ߡ
һ·ĲᣬѧԺ֪ı䡣
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Ȼһǰ棬Ӿ¶Цݣû뵽ѧԺһɽ󷨣˼
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ӶСͽܵ󷨱仯ˣǸҪҺ棬ǧҪˡ
Сʿ˵ͷ
󷨣Լ㣬ϵسԳȥ֮·
Ȼм˼Σ˶ʮӻ߳󷨡
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ʦֻ˶ʮӾƽѧԺĻɽ˵ȥʦ硣
ͽܳԼúá
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Ϊ׵һѧֻΪɤ󣺡ѧԺ֮ѧãȴ޳ɣҾø߽׵ɱԶԼǿߡ˵ѧԺпԺɽȫͣһǲʤǿ
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еѧȴǲôΪһ꼶ѧƽ⣬Ķ꼶ѧȫȥ硣
Ϊ׵ѧţûʱƵĻѡ󷨿γ̵ѧ߳ȥ˵꼶ѧмˮƽߵģǵʵװ󷨸ɱɶʱܴﵽˮƽѧ󷨵ѧԽԽ࣬׿˾ҹҲֻøеȳɼˡ
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ȥȻʮӣҪʦ֪᲻ҡΪ׵ͬƵѧҲˡ
ʮӣ
ʮ߷ӣ
ΣҾȻ˶ʮӣҹȻмġ
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֮࣬ڨڨѧԺһΪóⲻ֡ÿɶԼóĶ
˦˦ӾһҪЩȻ浣ϻجΡ
ɽҲԶˣʱɽϺȻһ⡣
ֻһ˲ڽϣһֱֻں棬ֱǷɹ
һУ
СʿȻû˵ʲôǵ۾ֱˡ
ò˵ַʽƸʮ㡣


502 ˵
Ҳ۾⣬ʵҲǵһμƮݵ֮
ʵڵ磬ǿ߶ַֻȴǺܳ죬ʱԪء
Ϊһףȴ磬ʹõ綼һָġ
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ӵ˵ͷҲô⣺ˡ
ǽһɽСʿԵЩн
˱߱ģӻϿεѧǣѧϰֵģѧϰṦģѧϰģ廨ţѧϰΧ
ѧԺӿѧԺ޲ѡ
Цֱý迨ģԿƹ񹤡
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΢΢һЦǶСʿвѧԺʦϿΣǿһ£ҲЩ
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ҲѹֹǸ߸ϣмΪ顣
ͬЭͬһС硣ӵ˵Ҵʲô˽˰ɡ˵ˣѧԺ̫Ѹ٣ֹƷһѧԺҲõһС磬Բ̽ѧԺȷѧԺС磬ǾӲǿܵġ
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֪ѧԺֹǵõһС磬ֱ硣
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һʱЩأ涼Ǿġ
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һоһɾ޴Σ
ѾмǿϢ
˵ʲô϶߲ˡ
֮࣬ʵЦ˵ﻰ̫ϵҲͼıѧԺҾͲЩˡ


503 չʾṦ
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ոǼϢչֳʵҲѧԺʵһֵ˽⡣
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Ӳ˲һЦ滢
ѧԺץôߣԱɽϻڷۣǶѧԺİԵжš
ѧԺ׵ЩѧԺ
֪ʲôѧԺʥЭ
ӽ˵С˵̸ƽͶˣǵ֪ҲԽԽࡣ
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СʿʦŮȫ߲ˣǾʦѵĿˡ
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μϢͬѧʼԼṦ
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ʦҲѧԺѧ̫ϵ̵ĵӡһṦҲ֪Σ֪ʦܷһЩָ㡣˶ǳ˹
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ǰѾ弶ΪҲȲٶȡ
̫ϵ̵ĵȷʵ򵥡
ѧ̸ޱȡ
֮Щֺ֪һôѧԺѧΣ
ʦѿ˼ҲƽʲôٶȿԣȶԺתԲԺҪⷽŬһζ׷ٶȾṦϾǲѧԺѧ˵ֻЩˡ
ƲƲ죬ʦڷ¡
ΪʦѿѧԺѧǱȥԹ
γ̿Ҫʱѧǿʼѧ鵽ɺȥ
֪ɺʲôطǺظȥ
һֱɽԵڿνķɺš
ǸʲôţǺɽ֮
һӤĸ첲ϸһĴָϸһȻͨĸ˿
ȥףȥ϶ǷǵĽࡣ
ѧٲȻҪ߹ȥ
ԿϰలȫӦΪԷһ׼ġ
˼һ£Ǹ첲ϸкѣɾ߹ȥ
ץһȫϣһԾϡ
ߺǼʶһṦ
˵ͷſҲΪ߶ζԽ
ȵߵһʱѾܵǧˡ
ɫ䣬ᣬƽⲻˡ
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аȫֻǵϣûʲôΣա
ʱѧԺѧ̲סЦ嶼βѡ
ļոʦ˵ʦܵȶ̫Ȼûȷʵǲûˡ
ʱŭ˵ǲѵܹȥɣ
΢΢һЦкѣҿҵġ
ǻ䣬ѧҲ׷Ҫʾչʾһ¡
ȻͿһĻֻʮѧԺѧϷɱƽء


504 ʦٴһɣ
ҲЩѧٶȲ죬ǵĽϣƾҡڣ̩ɽ
һ˲䣬ˡ
ʦ˵ȶԲǸǹǣ˵ʵ
ЩѧԺѧǵȷ̫Զˡ
ڿţѧԺѧ棬ڳַ˼Ķ
ѧһһҰ˻
ߣȻѧǸĴָϸ߶
һʱ䣬ɺŴѧԺѧЦҲǸѧˣĵط
Ԣ֣ѧԺַѧ
ʵڲ˼ȥ뿪ˡ
Ŵѩ̽ĵط֪ʲôĽ̫ĵط֪ʲô֮ڹƷĵط֪ʲôĸƷ
ܹʮʦĿγ̣ѾѧԺ֮С
ʱнְʳóԷ
ҲѧŶӴ򷹣ڲʲôģǿɲңûЩʦŶô
ѧԺЩʳ˿ˮˡ
극ˣҵط¡
ѧԺѧԱߣѧԷʱ̸۵ĶǾȻȫ
ñʲôѨʲôñýݾȻԵҩñȷʲôҩ԰ͻƾ磬ñڲ֪ʱ¶
ؼҲһΪ
ܴѯ֮²֪ԭ˾ȻҽѧͶġ
ѧԺѧҲ˵Ż̸ѧģһ߳ԷһдģмȻϾ͵ذ󷨡
ãˣĵطȫʥء
ԹѧǺԾذͻȥҲһʱǾȻ˼ѧˢӣҪǿ϶ǲġʱ˸ǣԭǽҲЩˢӵѧģЩѧѡ˳տΣǱĹΡ
׵Ĳᣬǻûĸ߻ѧϰΪôһֱɵĹ
뵽˴ߵʳǶʱ˵ˡ
ܻĳգѧϰһƺҲʲô
ʳõһǣʳ˼ˣһӡ
̫ϵȻ޵ɣҲִ˵ĽŲǾǲɻȡ
ʣµ⻹в٣Ҷһ̡
ӱ䣬ǳԵôóԵĶ⣬ʱɶڲٶˡ
Ҳ֤һ仰ÿһ˶ǳԻڳԻ·ϡ
һٷӺܡ
Գⲻͨ⣬Ҳûбֳ
òϣӲιѧԺҲֻԺѣѧԺܡ
ҲǵĻѧԺΪԪ浤Լ磬˼˵綼Ѿʼ㷺ǵľ绮ˣҿƹȥʮ꣬Ҳ֪ʲô졢ͱˡ
΢΢һЦʵΪ֮ϣѧԺľ绮ܳΪȫı׼
ˣѧԺѾʼƹˣҲǱĬĽ־绮֡
ӳƬ̣ȻʵѧԺȻߵľ绮ֵ񾳽磬֪ѧԺ֮Ƿ˶˽⣬˵ѾͻƵ磿
ʲô˼̽ѧԺʵô
΢΢һЦ˵һģɵĻĪ⣬֪ԺǷﵽˡ
õʲôȷϢעҪʧˡ
ǵǴӵ֮п֮Ҳδ񾳽ǿߣҲȼˡ
̫Ҫɽˣӿ˿ɫǸǵ߶ţɽˡ
ǵ˵ͷ
ȴˡ
ʦٴһɣ
԰ʦ˵ѧԺһλ˲õʦҪ̽úѧѧء
ṦȭտΡ
˵գѧԺķû˵
⻰ˡ
СʿҪģСʿˣô¡
˰
ⲻǱڸѧԺ̫ϵ̱ȲѧԺô
ЩˣһѾסĶ䣺Сӣڻߣ浱Ǽˡ
ʦ𰡣ۣ
ʦ۸ˣҪͶѧԺ
ʦǳ߰˼ʳöպ÷ˡ
԰ʦһͰ
Ӹоˣô
ҲҶץ˾ͳɽȥת۾Ͳټ
ǿ뿪¶һζЦݣѧԺѾ˸еԺǵˣҲǲ
˵ˣǻǲ̫ϵ


505 ħ
뿪ѧԺ֮ٶĳȥ
֮أɽڶࡣ
ɽ֮УһɽӼʮȴû֪
ԶɽϵһС
ɽ䲻ϵշתǰȻʣһʮ׸ߵĺΰʯųǰʯд̫ϵĸ֡
ʯ֮ڣԿСʿɨ·档
лȥֱ̫ϵ̵ϴ
ĵȴ֮Уʼ˲Ϲ
Щ˸ŷеҲеҶٶ죬ֻһգ۾ڴ֮ˡ
ת۴֮ڵʮλȫˣЩ˻̸
λ֮ŵһɫۣ٣ľסߡ
̫ϵ̵ƽ˵ӡ
ӹƽ̣ȥѧԺջ档
ӵ˵ͷ
Ӧһʼ
ûпѧԺҲûбѧԺȫǰԼ˵˳
̫ϵ̵һȺǿ󲻶ϵƷͷ㣬ǲʱ¶ɻ֮ɫ
һվӣȷѧԺ֮龳ǿߣ
뵽ǻشʱɫҡͷ˵龳ӦöӦѧԺ񾳣ûл޷ȷֻ˵ܡ
ش𣬺ǲ⡣
ҲʼֱѯӣʲôⶼС
ѧԺʦô
ϵв٣оһɱ˾Ž׵ǿϢ
ѧԺСأ
ӦȴС磬Ȼ޷ѧԺһС
ѧԺģʽôǵĵӡѧΣ
ӶЩֲ˼ˡ

ʮһȺ̫ϵ̵ıǿ߷ƺõϢࡣ
Ϣģɵġ
üѾѧԺĺǿˣСǡͻȻһһС磬Ȼƻ磬ƽ⡣ѾѧԺյС磬ԪƺҲⷽ˼ǰҵһλѯңӦֶԸѧԺǱɾܾˡֻҹҰģضٶ
ʱЦյΪƶ񤣬ҲСģеԴ˵ˡΪԺ󳤾÷չõһµС磬ѧԺͻȻðȻΪǵĿꡣԸѧԺҿδôף˵ʱ顣
΢΢ҡͷҵҲɵûʮİգǿ϶Ҷ֡õϢһݸңǻôǾͲˡ
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Ӱ˰֣Ҫ˼ѧԺܵõЩ˵֮£õ϶ҲѡңҲǲִ¡
ӵ˵ͷܾƽ̵һּƲߡ
о仰ô˵ţ벶ȸں

ѧԺ֮Уںܸˡ
Ϊѧ˻Ĺ1Ҳǵõħ䡣
ֻû뵽ǴħѧȻƾȡһƾϣò
ͬѧɱɱƾȫƾһ졣
ڻ磬ֻһͺˡ˺;飬綼Ūڹ֮С
Ǽ֮ƾҲɹĿһɣǾ
ѧ棬ļƺȡ˲СĽ˼ּʽñʲôԤ֮
û֪ѧϰƫŵĶǳǶָ㡣
ħǵöĽָģǸоһаϢ
ƺָ֮вŶħ
΢΢һ̲סЦνħʹħΪ׵ľ־ѡҵľǿܵ־Ӱ죬һȥ
˵֮䣬аϢѾȥ
ǲûоʹ˰֣Լľ־ŵ˽ָ֮ϣžͽ뵽һصĽָռ䡣
ǿռ֮Уǿ־۳Ӱ
ֻǿϧˣֻһɲд־һ
ףһη֡ҡҡͷûмŻ־Ϊôܰ־ȫѱҪָû˸ãǿһˡ
ѱһ־뿿һ־
ҲһĻᡣ뵽浤֮񾳣Ҳ˲δﵽݿѾָơ
ν񾳣Ԫ
Ԫһ˵꣬Ҳһ˵ľ־
һ۳ԪԼԪ֮͸ռ䣬൱ӵ˵ڶ


506 ʦиŮڿ
⣬Ԫǳɾ˵Ļ
Ԫ֮Ԫ۳ʶģԳ֮Ϊ˵
νⲻ˼
ɷҲֻܴ߶Щ̫ңԶˡ
ǵ־ħ֮У־ΧˣֻҪ־΢ͻᱻѹ
ѹĹ֮Уǵľ;õ˶
Ϊʲô񾳽ôͻƣΪϵ߻֪ʲôԪķ
ǽħԼľΪԺͻ񾳴һ
ҹȥˣת
ûио˿ƣЩȣͬʱоΧĿռ䶼ǰˡ
蹬֮Уʲôȷ
Ŀ˿ħ䣺ǽ׵־ָԵƷɼѧ
ħڵȷһıǶ浤µѧ
ҪһǺڶǴ߶׵־ñ˰Լ뷨жڴߡ
ħ֮⣬ǾϵͳĽſָĶǼ￨ˡ
һУһ￨ѾǵС
ǵѰƺҪԼѾоŸѧѧСɵ
֪ʲôʱָ￨ƵĻᣬڻȰѴӦѰʫٻɣ
ҪٻʫХ֮ʫ
ѰҲ뷨ٴμʫҲΪֲԼĹʧתʫıˣһ
潥سһŮ
ǲʶŮӣȴѰԶĨȥӰ
ƱʱҲʫϢ
ʫ
ԣ齣齣
ʵ
ӵѧꡣ
ӵмܣնն鷨ն
ϵͳ飺Ϊ١塢顢ѡ޿εĽʦ
Ƕʫûбʲôڴֻ֪书ѰҲǵġ
ٻʫΪ书꣬ʫԴ黭ܵЩϲ⡣
ѧԺȱֿԽڼյʦ
ǵڶſָǼĿƣǶҲ뷨ˣʵ⻹Ϊʦ
Ҷ³ǣŴѩйˡ
Ҷ³ǱĲ˵ɲŴѩܿɹŴѩĽ·ӲͬÿԺŴѩಹ䡣
ߣֻΪһҲֵٻҶ³ǡ
ҪСҶ³ǣΪߣĽߣɾǶܶδײ͸
ѾһӵòʣͦΣ¶âһֳ׵ľʡ
ٿƵı棬ϢҲܼ򵥡
Ҷ³ǡ
ԣ½Сﴫ档
ʵż
ӵѧɡ
ӵмܣꡣ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺʦ
ѡҶ³ǵɣԼʫա
Ժ֮һܿͰЩڻͨˣûκεѶȡ
ѪȥҶ³Ǻʫͳǰ
Ƿ˺ͻЩģñʫ֮дǿӾͲǻġ
˺Ĵһܣʼ
ЦЦҲЩˡ
֪Ҷ³ǺʫѧԺʦĿѾﵽ125ƸѧҲﵽһǧء
Ҳ˵ֻΪѧԺҲҪˡ
ͬʱѧУʦǵְҵװѧᡢŵȵҲʽ뵽ճˡ
ǴҶ³ǺʫιѧԺҲǽѧԺ
ҲѰһϲֱӰʫ쵽ѰϿεĵط
ѰϿκ棬ûзʫĵ
ʱһѧȷֿվŵˣЩŮô£ΪʲôѰͿˡ
һ£ѧڵʦиŮڿޡ
Ѱһ濴ȥĽһ˵ϣҲ˲䵱ˡ
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Ǹ˼ĺӰЩţڲ
磡ʫһѰ˵˹ѰĹ£֪Ƕôѵõһط꣬ȫǿԽ˿ռʱ䡣
ʫѰذʫ˻һҲٷ֣š
ţšʫҲǼᶨ˵š
棬ѧĿɿڴȻ˾˵
ΪѰʫȲʣΪǸˡ
Ϣ뿪ˣܼķΧҲֻЩˡ
µһ죬Ǹɾʮ㣬ڲ鿴ʦǵְҵװѧǵУƣʱиѧصѧԺ
һˡ


507 У
Ҫ¹磬Ǹ컪ġ
ûзԣҲ̸ʲô֧֡
ѧԺһѧԺΪȫΥѧԺĽѧճ
Ҳǳ˽ĵĿǣǻĬôҲ뿴ܰ¹ʲôӡ
ˣȥ˽ӽ꣬¹Ǿꡣ
֪ѧ׷׹Ǻ֪컪ĵļƻɹûС
˿̵һΣƱˣһλ߲еơ
˿Ǹоһɿֲƣ¡
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мѧüͷһѧƺЩ
ѧ¹˾꣬Ϊ֪ôˣѧһΣѧȻǸͷǰͷ֡ڵĴѧ֮жȱˣǳͷĺǽװƣĲãǾҪɷˡ
սңոջȻƵˣʲô˸˵顣
ѧԺԲסˡѧͷҲ䡣
Ǻãɣ͵ƱˣѧһĮӣһ־Ӹ¡
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ֻоһƷ֣ͬʱһεѧϡ
һҽУѧ˳ȥ
ȻվȴǷ־ȻһʹȫĹͷʧȥ֪һ
Χ۵ѧһƬȻһоȻ߼ѧʲôΪ
ƣ
һȻ˵⻰ľȻǳ½ϡ
һ֪ոʩչһʲôƷ
ѾͻƵԪ硣һ˵ĺȻǹ˸Ķ
˻һĿɿڴ
츳ߣҲΪæ¹컪ģûʱ
ͻȻ֪ȻͻƵԪ磬ʵǰһ
ǸһлܵѧޱȣȻװƲɱɷˣ߼ʵս治֪˭ĵӡ
λʦԵúǿ
ܺãԺӦڵˣȥԺ˵һ½Ͽڵ֪ļƻͬʱҲϣܳɹ
ǡҴȥϢ״ѧԺ
ͻƵԪ磬һš
˶Ѿżһľ顣
ѧԺ棬ڶʦǵְҵװѧǵУʽǶˡ
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Ŷˡ
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ǵһӣѧǵУͼѾ䵽
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ʮ֮Ѿ˼ƽϣƺܺŮУɫǴɫҲȽϳн˲βԪأ㣬ԵʡȻֵһ˵ؿڵ廨ͬİ༶ںʲñȽһѷɽ϶˼еľǱǣͬ꼶Ŀ֣һǵ׺༶־á
ǵ˵ͷѡУһԭ
ĻпӺȹӣԼʦǵְҵװҲ
ջͼЦЦǾͺãɫ⣬ҴѧǵУҪðסԼɫʦǵְҵװɫɫɫȻˣֻƣԺ϶ҪϵظĽѧٶ㣬ͬİ༶ԼУ
ڲʣſڵԺ㱨һ¹¹顣
Ƿ˶֮ǰ˵Ҫ¹컪ģڿСˣȻҲǰһɣҲû£ȥ¹һˣԿĳɹ
ȻҾܾѾ
ΪĹ¹ȫɣҲˣѧҲɽˡ
ڲѧҲΪ磬Ҳ뿴ڶʲôӵġ


508 ڶ
Ǻ¹Ͻǡ
ȻɭϣסҲ
վϾߵĵطԶž֮أ־̫ѾɽȻвٵ⡣
ǲԾ뵽˵磬Ҳֻеҹ
ڵǰ齨оԺѾ˷ҪĳжѾ˵磬Ͳˡ
ǵ˵ͷʱ䣬Ҳûָܰ﷢չĸϻġ
ھ֮ڣȻǰǽϻвٵˡ
ʱ˻ĵͳһȻʼչƼչ۽磬ڻĵĹ綼һָġ˵ЩԺ粻κˣǸ绪ĵıҲݡٹ꣬ҴܱߵļСԺȫ򡣡
ƺ˼ѡڻعȻԼĿġ
ھ֮УǷľò֮ǰ˷츲صı仯Ļ˾ӣŸɾͷ˼ˣ˿ɲôǣЩ˿ŻЩĽƺΪһҫ
߽һҷ꣬Ƿڵķ;ƹ֮ҲѾǰͬ
Ѿִᡣ
һԱ˲˵ԱǰС
վֱδΪݹһȡ
˵ȻܼªĲʽǺܲǰˡ
ĵ˼ˣΧ˵ۡ
˵ô۽ȫٽһѧǿɶǸߵѧֻҪܿȥԺ϶дϢһϴүĻ䣬˶ǹơ
ʲôѧʶһǰ;顣
ү˵ǰǾĿ֮һǲİһЦʵ
ˣʱٲģҺһֵҲǳԲȻ˭ԸЩˡ۽ҾЩֵȥˡֻǿϧʹ󣬲ȻȻҲȥˡүЦЦҲҿҵʱÿ죬˵ٽ˲񷨼ͱ۸ɱˡ
Ҳ֪ү˵Ǽ٣Ȼү۳˳ݡ
үҪ˵ʲôȻܽһС
СС˵ģЩ˷ܵ𡭡ͨˣ
⻰һƬȻš
ڼǰ۾Ϳʼ죬ȫؽֳʱ˶Ϊ۷ˣǲΣۼ۷ĵط˵һ죬ûĺ䶯Ҳڻ𳵵ĳ֣ʿת۲ô쿪ٳһµʱ
˾ֿ֮ʼ죬ͨͨˡ
ٻڳԷҲˣѸٵ˳ȥ
ԶȥȻѾ͸ˣǽվ߶·ƣϡܿһڻʻʣڸŻһܡ
ɽϣԥһ¿ڵԺǰҪԭһѾͻƵԪ磬뵽ѧԺѧϰԪ֪ʶڶ¹ķչѾﵽһƿչҪѧԺԮ
ǵ˵ͷҲˡ
ƻ𳵺͵ʲôı˳縴ƻģҪĿƼ
ֻǣԣⶼɵġ
緢չʲôӣǵ
ϣǸӰӣԺǿԵӡоĶ츣Ǹ磬ڵϲɵﶼʵ֡ʵĵƽ磬ǽ֮󲻻˿Υ͸УҲҪ硣
縴Ǹô̲סһЩڴ
ҲǸ¥ãҲǸͬĶȫ˵ǵڶģڶ磬ڶ
Ժѧǿȼ٣סȫѧԺá
Ժҵ뷨ϣܳȫЩսսģϾѧԺһѧԺҪĿǺûʲôϵ
ãͬˡǺܸɴ࣬룬Ǿȥʵɣ
ѣ֪µѾʼˡ
컪ʲôһһģһĻģǸǿĻģǲԺ׷顣
ѧڹ磬ЩѧѾˣڳ֪Ǹ緢չ
ѧԺ֮Уǵڶͷһǹڴڶġ
ѧԺԺṩһṩİҪѧؼԱѧҲҪΧ֮


509 ǽ
ѧԺİ£ڶķչޱѸ١
Ҳֻʱ䣬ܴһһģһ磬ǸֻڻģֻѧԺ
ûмע飬ʼûҩʦȥģˣѧԺһǧѧǲ˲١
ͬʱѧ֮ĳҲֿʼ׼
һжɵĽţҲʼæԼ飬˼ʱΪƽ浤۷塣
浤ҲԶˡ
һֲǴ󾳽ͻƣʵûʲôѶȡ
òһʱ䣬һ·浤߼ϡ
ҹ˵磬սǲҡ
ǵ֪ľ񶼱̭ˣѪӪŮɪȶɱˡ
ҲûֺõȥӪҲ˲ء
֮ʧ㣬Ϊζû뵽ӵѪѪͳĺӪѪӪ
Ҳһڷҹ˵ҳһš
ɪ˶Ҳˡ
ò˵磬ǹ⻷ǳ׳˰衣
ۿϾҪһҪȫʱҹ˵Ҳˡ
ûѧ䣬һ̣¹˭ֻδ֪
磬ֻʣһˣǾǰ
ѧǵİò˶ãҲ˳ɡ
ѧԺ֮Уǿʼоħ֡
ǽӵĻԿ϶ִ򿪵Ǹ磬ӦþǸڵһС硣
˺ܶϣ֪˹СĸܣͰСŴħ
ֻǺħһĴȥǰ汾ȴ˲٣һЩ鷨ʦҲֻܸһ飬ȴδǸʵС磬齵١
˰¸ʱʩչһԭħ׼Լ
Ȼ˵׼ʵӦΪʩչħħȫˡ
֪С飬Ծ뵽Ǹȥ
⣬ڵĿռ͵Ӧôһֹϵֹһ롣
ͨضķ˹Ǹ룬ҲͿȥ硣
Ǹݳӡʵ롣
ҪҪأ
ʩչӡǰسһռ֮š
ϴΣֻǴʱ֮ţûٻá
ֻҪڿռ֮ŵĶ棬һǲġ
ԥһ£ǻǷˡ
Ȱӡ̸ʦһȥ֮Ҳʦܴ򿪿ռ֮ŷ
еľ׶ˣ鷨ʦǸӦúô
ռ֮غϣǷֻһĹȻɵԪ
Ǹͽǽɣ
ŵĸ֣Ȼȥˡ
ʮ֮ٴδ˽ǽĿռ֮š
ϼȼλʦĿ£һԾ˿ռ֮档
Ľ룬ռ֮Ҳˡ
İ磬ããһƬʴʬ
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Ͼ磬ãǵϵһЩʬʱ䳤Ҳɢʬο
ûľûһжġ
̧ͷϿȥûǣû
ܸо͸ؿռ䵽ĹâȻڵϿ̫
ǺǵǿĹâԴ͸һУڿռ䡣
ֻǶڵڵĿѧ޷͵ġ
ǳԶԶȥʼ̽硣
Ҳ֪ж󣬿ǽؿฯľЩľѾˣѾм֮áľżһŵãһЩǿƺѾһЩʶŽ۲ʱ÷˹
Ӵ֮һɽϡ
Ȼһʮ׳Ĺ
𾪣⵽ʲôʱЩŵʱʲôӡ
ҾǼ̽磬ܿͷһ⡣
Ԫ֮󣬸޷õٵĲ䡣
ȻҲЩ֮вʬҪЩʬܻõĴİٷ֮һ
ƶ֮ˣСƺҲûʲôֵ
̾һûʲô֮ģȴǲʲô뷨ˡ
̽һʩչӡ뿪硣
ʱ֮ڵԪҲĵĲˣ֮ǰĵȻҲˡ
Ҫʦ˵һȻԺ֮һʾǾȻǻĹ3ˡ


510 Խ
ûɵЩ˷ܣˣٻһǼ￨ơ
ңٴοһ硣
ڲǲ鿴Ʒʱλʦ˵һǽȫûʲôֵʱ򣬼λʦҲЩʧ
ЦЦҲȫȻûô׶ȥ϶ˮ׶ڵΪ̫ͣʺϽȥ֮⣬ԺʲôˣһȻļ浤һʱ䣬ԪҲҪľһá
λʦ˵ͷҲٹע¡
ǻȥ֮ѵõǼ˳
ƵһӣۣĿªʲô˧硣
üͷȿԿ϶Ӧһ˭ȴûвµ
Ʊ棬ǲסˣֻϢġ
˷ơ
ԣ귭ơ
ʵ浤ļ
ӵѧ꽣
ӵмܣꡣ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺʦ
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֪˷ƺӰͬһ磬ȻһУҲ硣
ϵиǾﾳ綼ܸߣǶصĸ򳬹ʦ
ñѧһҪ졣
ΪԽ
ߵʦʵʦʺϽ̵ѧΪܱʦء
Ժ֮һ¹˷Ƶļ䣬ǻЩȵġ
ԭ֮У˷ŭ԰ĵһһΪͨ쳹أܿɹΪȫڶص
ĸ꽣˷ƸݶͥˮԶԴĽ
˷ƿǳˣĪνʦ컯еԴΪʦΪʦ
ڣּⶼޱȳǰġ
ԼʵҲֵϧ˶Դȴ⡣
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˲ʹĽﵽתˣУĻ˹ϵķۡ
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˫繥2˫ѧԺֲҪ󣺴ѧԺҪΪ˫ǿһ츳ƣһ죩ý˫硣
˫ԺרӾ˫ƸʮλְҪ󣺶ʮλְֱѧضԺн硣ʮλְѧ
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ǹ1ȻŴԽǺ֣֪Խô¡
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ǳ˼һ£ôԽǺõġ
һЩѧȴضЧԻá
еԺרˣϵͳȻҪн磬һЩʦ
һѧǣԵѶȾԻᱩ˵ģǲ֪ˡ
ȻϵͳǸѧӴѶȡ
һһĽҲǰǾȻܻƸʦѧȻҲһܿϡϵͳҲ֪ڲҪЩɴ͵ˡ
ڻǽ˫ʱǻҪһЩ飬Ҫźҹ˵ѧء
ԲԲʱ˴Ժҩʦ㡣
һ£ȥôʲôң
ԲԲЦЦҹӦ˺ѧѧôнѧԺȻǲϵġ
ҲǣSS+츳ѧȷʵֵԺ
˵ģƸһS츳ѧɶҪһǼ￨ˣǿɶ񾳽磬˵ǿߡ


511 
ǴѧõѧѧУ
ΪѧԺԺȻҲϣѧУѧǼSϵ츳Ȼܡ
ʵѧԺڵһD츳ѧSģ⻨ѵĴ̫ˡ˵ģ϶ҪDCBA츳ҩһšǿ϶ϲһЩ츳ߵģЩ츳ҩʡ
ԺͨСͯϵ˻ҩʦ
ȻԺΪСͯʱǽϢߵϵҲǰˡ
ǰһӰǻҩʦڵ̸̸һ
ԺϲҩʦԵúܼǰӡ
ô£
ҷһرѧ츳ܳS㲻֪ҷʱԼţѧԺм츳ѧ
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ŶôֱӰнѧԺ
вҩʦЦȻǧǻܸоҩʦ˿̵ơ
Ϊʲô
Ϊѧͨˣ죬׼ҵˡȻ׼ұȲʲôҺͼңȴҲܺĺᲢۡһ壬ǵļӵܾôҲתͶɵġҽӴ׼ҵļͱܾˡ
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Ϊ׼ҼĶӣλߣ츳ȴƽƽǲûرͻı֡
ҲһͬҲûʲôʵĵط
Ѿʮ˵Ϊ߽ףֻеˮƽ
֪ҩʦ츳ûдĻһ鱻ɰ֮е顣
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׼һŴñȴŷ棬׼˻ųۡ
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Ϊ׵Ǹ꣬Ŀʣ㣬ǵȴ졣
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ǲһȻS+츳һӵʲô壬ƺܵ
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һлS츳S+츳Ͳˡ
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һУѸʧ
ʱҲͣˣе׼˼޲󷨣춼ûзκ
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͹ˡ
ľ죬ܿͰ뵽һ硣


512 ֮
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֮Ծĺܴһû˸ãҲ״γԡ
硣
۾ԼȻ˺ߣǰվһֵӡ
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ѯţޱȵĺ档
ǰʱعͷˡ
֣Ȼǰڵֻζǰ˵ĿǸһ㱡һ
ڵңͷ
ǵġǵ˵ͷǧ겻ţһʣԺԵЦ£Ǭ㣬Ҫ㻯㣬ȷ·
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ǰǳЦȺӹ˶ʲôǣһ¾˵츳ãǿЦЩ츳ֱӽӴ츳ǿԼġ
ɵۣԼԶˣѵг츳ɡ
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Ҿ˵츳Сڨڨ
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ڵƺǺˮںϵһ飬꽣Ҳա
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ǰҪߣʱ˹
Ѿ˲֮һĸ꽣첻ٽ̵ʱ˵ţȻ磬Ȼ͵ش˹
˻Դ췢Լ˯ԼĴϣѾˡ
ԭһΰ
͵صͷ˯
ЩΣСӣôΡ
µһ糿׼ӵܿʼ챾һ׼崫ȭǶȻһѽ
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Ժ֮йеĶĽһӣȻֲӿĸо
׼ӵܻ㱼ƺ˳ˮӿȴֻΪǴ
żʩչԺ֮еĽĸ꽣Ҳֻеĺһ֣ȴǿƽƽһЩǶǡ
ʹĴһѽϣ׼ӵͷˡ
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̲ס˷ܣллˣҵ緹ҾͲˣҲȥ밲ˡ
εĵ˵ͷ֪Ҳֻˡ


513 Ͻ
һ·ߣ׼ҵĴԺȻһŮӡ
Ůɫȹȣףʸ߹󣬾һˡ
ˡ˷ܵ˹ȥ
磡Ц
ߣǳȥġ쿴˶ڿǣæͳȥ
׼ӵЩģһĽѡ
Ƽҵ飬ƼҲǺ׼һ壬ƼҿǱ׼˲١
ӼǰƼҾͺ׼ҽã಻涼йͨ顣
ϵȻСʶĸûеϼ֮ǰ˽࣬ϾƼҵ飬Ǻ׼ҽҲֲ졣ĸ״ǰε׼Ҽʱʮ꣬Ҳʮ꣬Ĵ£˵ĽŽ
׼Сӱߣ켫ֺ
˵ĳˡ
Ӧ죬ƺϲ죬ǵܹʱȴܴпһ˿͡
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˼˵ʲôȻ磬˵ǺŽףǺ߽סһãҲøͻƵ쾳磬㲻֪Ҫʲôʱͻơ˵쾳磬϶ǲͬһġ
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Ļڶʱͬ붼ˡ
һŮĸ̵סһҪץˡ
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ϽΪ⣬˵ǵҩʵȫҩƵġһλǿ߰иطԪ֮УԪͱϽ֮ɫԪҲɢҲϽ𵤡Ϊ̺һλ浤ǿߵıΪʹŽ׶˶֮ܽͻƾ硣
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ģ֪һϹŴ˫޹ֹŮ˫޵ʱͨϿƽϽ𵤵ʱֻҪֻҪǸһжˡʱҲˣϧҡЩߵ˵ţͷĻ
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һҰԧ졣ֹһϢѰ˹ȥһŴ棬ȻһŮǸеӢ˿һֻŮ˵ߡ


514 
ٿǸŮˣһĽߣ绹
ֻҪΰҵõϽ𵤣Ǿͽ飬ԺԪڵˡƼҲΪԪᶨѣԵõԪڵıӡҵŵˣÿԸƼԪСʸ񡣡˵ţһֳŵˣֻپ˵ˡ
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ʱޱĶ˵ѧ飬ϧһεЦ
磬˵飬㿼ǵôˣ

ҾҪؼˣ᲻磬һ𡣡
˵ˣҾˡ쿴ҲԥˣϽ𵤷׼ҵı棬ػҪ׼һ¡
磬ˡһ£꼤
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515 
Ļϸһ˿Ц
֪ԼļƻҪɹˣֻҪϽ𵤣ͿԺԶһˡ
䵽ʲô³ûôϡռôıˣǶһ裬ˣҲо׼һ᲻ƼңǲģֻҪԪڵĴȣ׼Ҹʲôˡ
ǿԪڣ׼ҾٲҲֻš
Ѿʼδʵ֮ίһҪԭǾܿܳΪԪһͻƵ磬͸ʮþˣΪԪڵˣǸǺεȵҫ붼
ʱͿʼ׼ˡ
Ϥһ׼ұΧ󷨣ˣϤЩ˲ͻᾪ׼ҵˡ
ûԼ͵Ͻ𵤣һԭǿǵ󷨵
ΪĶӣûñ˻ɣи˽⣬ȥ˭Ѳҹ
æµʮ㣬ھûκˡ
ո˯Ѿڱ֯õˡ
Ϊ֪мƻˣ治֪˵ʲôá
һν㽣ˡ̾һˣһ飬ϸˡ
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ʩչ꽣ǵٶȲ죬⾳Ҳչֵĸˡ
쿴ڸ꽣Ҳڼ
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һҹܴѾѸ꽣յʮ֮˾ŵĳ̶ȡ
Ǻı֣ˣ׽ȫˡ
˵ͷѾʶ꽣ǿҲЩˣ㡭Ҫô
΢΢һЦ츳ҲǼϲԲŴڸһ׽ڼȻѾһ׽ȻûıҪҹлһ٣ӦӦաʱͶ·ȥɽɽҡ
ɵۣǰҲ̫˰ɣ
˵һ٣ôܣϾҪİŮ˫˫ܣΪǿʱŶԡ
֪첻ţֶһ飺סɽɽĹޡ
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ǵǽɽɽûʲôѣҲȥɽˡ
ֻǺ˽첢֪ɽɽʵָѧԺ
Ѿˣ͵ѿˡһʧ棬һűɢƺոʲô˴
µһ죬һжɵĽš
ʱˣ˵ǻƼңʵȴ׼
ϣ׼ҵ˶Ϣ쿪ʼжˡ
һ·ߵ׼ҵı⣬ûκεóԼ׼õԿף˳ľʹ˱š
Ǳ룬һǧ̴ľĺӣʢŵľϽ𵤡
Сĵıܹ󷨣оյİѺȡ˳
ˣ
ܼڻǸ˵ʱѸٵ뿪˱⡣
ܿ˼Ѳҹ췭ǽ뿪׼ҡ
˿̵˷ޱȣ޲ǰ֪ǰȴȴһı
ʮ쵽һŹ棬ѾǸ˵Ӱ
ɹˣһ˺ôĹǰϽ𵤸͵ˡ
ٺһЦЩŪɡ
Ŷû뵽ô˳죬ʱȴҲûʱ飬ˣϽøҿִ˵еıһûмء
õġɵİѺӵݸ
ӹӣ򿪾ͿһϽɫ۴СԪ滹ڷ΢Ϲ⣬档
ȻϽѾˣ뿪Ҹû˵ĵطһ˵ķϽ𵤡˵š
˼졣ȷϽ󣬺˺ӣɫҲЩͷллȡϽ𵤣Ͻ𵤲Ǹõġ
ʲô˼ֻоɫ˲԰ס
ΪʲôɣһȻȻͿԱߵ˳ʵһжһıҲɵˡ


516 ı
һѾ⾹Ȼһı
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ǲģ췢һغš
ôϣֻһЦڣһ˿ϣҲûˡ
Ѿ˽ˡŽףȱϽ𵤳磬һɹܳΪһԪڵûȣῴ㣬һвҹƭĶѡ
㣡
Ҫˣߣ˵ţȫǲм
߿ԣƭҲûʲôϽ׼ҵĶǲܴߡֽű˲ʧȥϽ𵤣ܵʲô֪
ЦıôþΪϽ𵤣ỹ㡣һЦԵ⣬˭Ը³죬ʶôŲҾɱ㣬׼ƨҷš
׼ҺԪڸûȣο㱳Ѽ壬׼˭ԸͷǶ񶾡
߰ɣ§ϸת뿪
ʱȫˣͻһȥ
Ϊǿ׼ֱӱһߡ
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쵹˳ȥһѪ˳
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˽ߣ˫۴ͣѾ˿İеֻǳޡ
䣡

ײһô棬˵Ҷǻĵš

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˵꣬ת
ĵ˵ͷȻиŮƺҲ
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ڤ粻飡
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Ľ͵ػ˳ڹȻǿϮǰûӰ
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׼Ҹûֽޱȿ϶
׼ҡⲻ׼ҵѧнҵġ˵ţĽһᣬ˷·ɲ֮УһѾ϶ˣǾԲǼ򵥵ΣҲһжģȻ޷ѧ
ŹԵ̬˿ȴǾѡ
ǲΣǸ˵лһǲӦɽɽʲôط
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ʼǧʯѹͷ۾ǽͼХХ硣
磬ң
ԥˣŽ׵ΪȻ߽׵Ķ֣˵ȥûš
˿˵Ǽʡ
첻Ǹո˽⣬ǼҪȫһֽ⣬żû
ƾʲôƾʲô
ȭͷΪţھȻﱻˣȫܵ顣
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Ž׵Ϊֻּһֱÿֲ˺˽ꡣ
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߽׾ȻƵһŽ׵ķ˵ȥ˭ţֱ޻̸֮綼ֹ


517 
ǰķһоǼٵġ
ϵĽԽԽԪڱƿˡ
޼᲻ݵĽ͸Ԫ֣塣
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ļ򱻴̴Ѫ˳˿Ѿޱ
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磬û°ɣǸոʶһĻ쵰Ȼ磬ȥɱ
һȭҲˡߺ޵
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ʱԶֺȻصķͽŲƺʲô
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ԶȥıӰǳУո֮е쳣ġ
̽̽ıϢģȻš
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ʱǻע⵽ԭ촩һڼףͨĶڼѾѺۡ
ܴ󳹴ֹһУԺĵ·δػôƽ̹⽫һʲƸϽ𵤱Ͼ׼ҵıǴߵġ˵ţӰһͳ׷ȥȻԪѾҪԸѧԺҲͱ
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˭ҿԪڵĵӣҵԪڳʶľ͸Ͻв
㲻ԪڵӻãΪԪڵˣҸܷŹ㡣˵ԪѾͼıѧԺǲ֪ȷ㣬ҲԪѣ֪ѧԺǲǵġ
ѧԺˣ
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ɴ⣬һ̶Ҷæ뿪
ߺת֣ôٲҿɾҪˡ
Ļ䣬һüͷ˲


518 ѧԺ
׼ΧǱ˼죬ʶ˵ģο˻ĸ׷
׷òΪƣȴӡ
ǵ˽⣬׷ʮ飬˿ʮͻƱ׷ӡ
׷ϲĲˣ츳ã׷ĳ谮뷨跨ΪĲȡһЩԴ
һϵ׬ˣҲ쵥Ը
׷ǣȭͷȻһλѧԺʦ챻ƭǲҲԭ򣿡
⻰һˡ
ιιΪϵͿķ̰ɺûйϵǡѣҸղҲˣѧԺԪڵĹϵãƭȡϽ𵤣ĳԶôզȥдС˵ǳֱ֣ӾһѶ׼ҡ
ǿɲ֪ʲôǿ˵ʵ׼ѧԺ
һ˳־׼һҷ
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ôʵܼ򵥡
ǻЩ°˵һ컹ѧԺѧûгֵıҪڶҲҪԭ㲻쾭εĥһôһǱȴ۵ĺܣҪһεɱ䡣
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ǵ˵ͷȷʵΣգҪģ߼֮ǻأһʲô飬ԺҪˡ
׷˵ص㲻ðɣ
Ǽģаգ쵱ʱԴֱӱšҲܾȻ
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ʱ̲סЦˣֱӸ˵װɣĿľҪнѧԺ׼ңֻ˷Լ츳Ͻ𵤲ôƴ׼ҴģѧԺ쾳磬һϽ𵤸ʹáڽ㣬ʵԼ룬Ҫ˻ȥԺϽ𵤻õô
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׷ɫˢķףԤĻ˿
Ҳ˵ͷβѾһС
Ǵ˿ЩĪ׷֪ô˴εǳ˶֡죬һѧԺԺףѧԺⱲ˵顣
׷ЦǲмıƵġ
̧ͷʱǾȻˣЩ𾪣ΪȻûзô뿪ġ
ֻ׷֪Ǹող
Ժ϶ΪѧԺѧΪѧԺԺһѧҳӦõġ
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519 Ҫ
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׷û˻ӦȥҪ⿪ӡ
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׷ԥˣһ


520 ȥѧԺ
ߣǲɾˡӮ
ҹ򣡡׷ǿˣ˿ɫѿΪ죬ò̡
׼ҵļȻ¹ǿЦúܡǰͻȻλÿɾҶ۵ģļλӣһǷҵġӮȻһȻӣˣ˵˵飬뱣һԣϳΪ塣
ôԣ׷
ߣѾʴˡʵСɵģҲͦϲģǼǼ壬ݲ˽顣Ȼڴ㣬ҲоݡһҵҲ˴Ҳҡʵ׷ӵϼʹһõļԼӦҲס
Ӯ˵׷Щ֪롣
ҪΪǵ֮λ󣬺úɣɶʱʤңȻҺԡӮ˵ֱ꣬ӻ˻׷
ˣѾ۾ʪ
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Ҳ̫˰ɣʤЦովһνѣֿ׷Ϊ¹ֻ΢һ֪Ժ󶼻úõ
Ȳ˵ԵΪѵáЦЦһֻоĶˣŻӵĳ졣챻׷軵ˣһɱĺʱ򡣼ȻǰЩѾˣȻҪĸһЩֻ׷иĳɾ͡
ðɣѧԺ˲𡣡ʤòǡ
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⣬ΪֻкôЦЦѾѯʹϵͳֻҪȻʲôҪʱһΪо޴˶Ȳϵġ츳ʣõĹء
ǺðɣԺͰиˡʤ̾һ֪Ҳûа취顣
ţʮ֮׼Ľ˵վˣҾȸˣȥѧԺǻ˰бɣ
׷Ӧûȥġʤ롣
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Ҫ˵ѪʤˣȴҲƴɱʵǱࡣ
ɣǿֿȡˣпǼ￨ء


524 λǼʦ
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˭Ӯþѡδ֪
ʱҲһҪԵ硣
磬̲ס¶һЦݡ


525 ȵľѡ
ҲһС˵С˵֮һ
ⲿС˵ı߲ӰȫⲿС˵ǹء
ʵǶԹ뷨֪β֮
ΪʲôͻƵ񾳽磬ǾΪ̫޷۳Ԫ񣬿ħҪľǾȻҲħʦҲܵõһЩħؼȣħãħѾ˳뻯ĵز
еĻִħѧԺѧܽȥϵͳѧϰһѧԺͻƵ񾳽罫档
ٿϵͳЩϵͳǲǺ뵽һȥˡ
繥ȥʶһ±˼ҵѧУɣҪ󣺳100ѧڻִѧУѧϰһѧꡣA츳ҩ裬һǼ￨ơ
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ʣµѡƱ޼֪᲻漣ҲԺţڵȴͶƱʱ򣬺Ȼ˪ƱȻ͵˰Ʊﵽ˾˵ʮһƱƱһˡ


526 ʤ
һƱ䶯˶һ
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ʱҲע⵽ˣԭոͶƱ˾ȻǼ뾺ѡˡ
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Ѿ˵ˣʱȻѶ

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׵磬׵壬ò˵
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Ħʦʯʦ˵вô죬ȫһȺ档
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˵ĺеСѧĽѧԡǵ˵ͷȻ뷨Ǿͺúõѧϰ֮һɱԺǰ;
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535 ԺȨȵڶ̬ʲô
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536 Žף
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һԺעʱΪ涼ҪѧԺдڶ̳IDǰҪ׺ѧԺȼз棬漰ԶΪѧԺ硣
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537 
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538 ׼
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ԪͼıѧԺС磬ιƻöʣǧĻҵܾʹ˴ȥ
ǿɲͬԪڣѾǩѧԺԼ飬ȻѧԺۣԺܿתѧԺʦԽǽӴѧԺԽ֪ѧԺǺεȿµĴڣȻǵɵȻ޴棬ԺѧԺĺСѧԼڸСѧᱻԶǡ
ڱ׽סǣȻʳѧԺС޺갲ϣھԼսʿЭ˹ֻҪץסǣǾ̽ǸС磬ӶеԴˣҸոյõһϢսʿЭ̰ᣬȻҪȥ
ߣõĸ½ԪЦ
ãתսʿЭᣬҪʮǲҲ̫ˣ޺갲
ܹҲʮλ֣ȻһγʮǻǷˡԪڲռ˾Ÿܸô࣬߸½Ԫ
֪ˡ޺갲˵ͷ߸ʵѾǶˡ
ڹؼôץסǸǣѧԺ֣϶ᾪѧԺʦ½Ԫüͷ˻ãǸѧԺԺǵΪεļƻҪһԣһ׵ץ취С
ʱЩԥ
ʲô˵Ҵš½ԪߵƱˡ
½ϣа취˺ܴľôˣǲ˵ΣաԣҲҪһô֪½ϿɷӦǣ
ҾȻǣǳ֣ȷʵܰǸ½Ԫ˵ͷ˵˵Ҫʲôô
ҲҪѧԺС硣ѧԺܿ׳ǸС֮п϶Դ˴ΰѧԺ֮ؽɣҪԴ
ԭͼƻˡ½ԪޱϬƺܿ͸ܡ
ҵȴǲõôҲű׵Ϊ½Ԫǵ̬ܲˬ
ãҴӦǡ½Ԫûôǡ
л½ϡлȴ𾪣ΪԤϵ˿
˵˵ǵļƻԼǸȥ½ԪѯʵȻǺСĽġ
˼ǱһɵıأȻñԴǰȥ鿴
ƻʵǼªϸϸȴǺ
ǺãͰ˵İ졣½Ԫʾһ´޺갲Ѹм뿪ˡ
ѾɹһˣȰЩ˶ƭ뵽ǽ֮Уǻܷʲôˡ￴½ԪȥıӰЦѡ
ǰԺƻǾˣѴ֮һγʮ浤֡ҲǷǳ
½Ԫʹ޺갲뿪ʮ֮½ԪʼͣظԪ
ϣ˲ˣʲôưɣ޺갲Щɵ
ߣǲӶѣƾҲǳ롣ǲѧԺСôǾǽȥû˵ˡ½ԪѾôȫ
һ󣬴֮ϡ
ʮѾܣԪΪ׵Ȼ½ԪΪ׵˽ǼХĴ󲮡
սʿЭĸˣΪ׵Ľ¼һλ߽սʿ
ҾˣѧԺôǿǶʮ浤ѵܰѧԺΪƽء¼ڵЩĵӡ
ҪСѧԺǵԺܿǽ龳ǿߡϴΧѧԺѧԺԺֵƵǿ֪ˡ
ʵƵȦΪֻǴܶ߶Խ˻ôǿڿʼΪǼٵġ
Ǳĸȴ֪ܿġ
¼ӹһ£ɫЩأֵսʿЭλػ᳤Ӧÿ
˵ͷҲǿʩչֹһӦҲĸʩչ̶ֳȵĹ
½Ԫǲ˵ɲɵı¶Ԫڵʵ
˽صȴ֮УԶ˷ɿĸ˹Ϊ׵ǡ
½Ԫ¶һ˿ϲɫԪڲˣʵǰһͨˣʱ磬ǸԴѳģ޷ıЩȻѧԺյС硣ҿ϶ѧԺЩʦҲøֱӲѳߡ
ʲô
˶ޱȣĻǸС絽׸жٵԴ
һ̣˶Ķˡ
ֻ½Ԫһ仰û˵ΪѧԺյС粻򵥣ԪڲŲҶ̣ȻǱؽΪʸ֮ģһ⵽ѧԺķ񱨸


539 ־ܰɣ
ѾоǰϢȻԷصĺܺãľǿ󣬿ԶѾˮ쳣
ھǷ쳣ҲҪװ֪
ԺһʮˣԪڡԼսʿЭᡣﴫ
ţϺѧԺеڵˡһһ㶼֡ʵչǿ϶Ҫȫɺͼ嶼תǵĸСѧʱǲľԵСⳡʲôóһλһɣǲ
Ҫľʱ䣬һʱ䣬ѧ涼ܳ浤ĸ֡Ҳǵ
һꣿҲòôá뵽Ⱥѧǣǿɶǽɿ죬ñ׶ѾԪ˼ΪþͻƵԪżȻ浤磬ĺҲǲضá
ԺҪˡѾյ½ԪĴ
ԪڵǸ½Ԫ͵ϮҲǵ
ǻʲôְɣѾȫ׼ھ浤żĸֶδӦ˵͵ϮֻҪ΢װһ£ֱ׾ٵ顣
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ЦЦ޶ԡ
ڷ˲ԣô£Ϊʲôˣ
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ˣ½Ԫһӣָƽ
ԺǲŹǵġѣǺˡ
ߣ֣ѵѧԺЦ
Ҫ˷ʱˣȰҪ֪ʳ½ԪߵǰСӣҪ㣬ͰѧԺСԼѧԺСķǡ
ʲôС磬Ҳ֪˵ʲôǺ
Ҫװˣǰһͨˣȴ˱硣ǾţҲɣΨһĽ;˴ޱƶ񤣬ܸṩôԴֻС磬ֻСпܻԴ½ԪȷʵĽ͡
Ҳˡ֮߳һˣԭǣһҽֵʱŽ׵Ϊһʱ䶼ûУȻĽ۷ˣٶȼֱ˼顣ʹ˴Դ޿ܡҾǻҪޱԴС
Ž׵Ľ۷˲һʱ䣬Ȼֲ˹˶ǻǵõѧԺС磬ǲҲΪ
쵰ѧԺûʲôС磬еĻҲǵģǴıֺ⣬Ǹ˶Ρ
ߣҾϵ㲻ϣ׼ˡ½Ԫ֣ȻһˮһĶԶ


540 귨ʦ
һӣһҫ۵ǹⳤۡ
߽ʱսʿЭİ¼סЩš
귨ʦķ˹
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ԣķ˹ܣҲΪ귨ʦ֮һħʦ
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ķ˹ǳлܳ֡½ԪֻҪѧԺС磬ıѡ
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ȡ䣿ȻЩżˣҪ汻ķ˹һ㣬˵Ҫ군
ļƻӦΪԲй¶˴ѧԺСķȻҲǼٵġ
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ķ˹ˮͷǵԱߣȻǵһַֻŵˮͷ档
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ǸоԼһŵˮͷ棬ԼľͿƲסĽС
ЩĶݻļ䡣
ǺȻס뵽˶ʩչ֮þ칹һõ硣
ѵһ£
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СķھҪȥ
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½ԪԼ¼ȴǱסߡ
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˼ӡ֮ѾЩȲĴѧԺС硣
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һһ⣬ѧԺԺʲôʵʲôӣ½Ԫʵ
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½Ԫ룬ҲϺ
ǲûˣʱ򿪿ˣɱ⣬ɱǡ
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һúܣʱԷҪɱ϶ԴС
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֡ʱˣѧԺҪǶȡѧԺС磬ѧԺ϶񱨸ѧԺԺʵǿǶδǶ֣ҪвѧԺԺ˵Ͷô
ɱ˲ŸмֵҲǵ
˵еʱһ֮ǻȴС磬ȥһ̽½Ԫ˲תעʲôС


541 ƭǽ
¼Լ˵ͷҲúе
Ǿǰϵ⣬ɱȻ󻯡
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Ҳȥ˵滹õĵط¼뵽ǲϤС֮еϸܴǽȥ˵ܸҵʲôżзֱ
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˶ô˵ˣҲ˵ʲôϾȺ֮УҲһͨıϡ
ѧԺСɣķ˹ջˮͷǣذڶǹⳤۣǹںϡ
½Ԫ˻࿴һ£ھͶ֡
һС磬ҩ׿һǵӡҩס
С缸Ҳ࣬һӡȻҲмضƷ򿪵ģеԭࡣ
˶֪ӡΪСҪĴԪ½ԪΪ׵ԪǴ˴¼ǣͷˣɲ˷Ԫ䵽Ͱ¼ϣΪνԪڣ¼ԥľͿ

֪ȷʵóһ⣬˫ִָ̽ȻС
ʼԪ޷Զ
ΪӴۼµĺˮȿγһյС
𾪣浤ļ۷ΪһͻƵ浤弶ۼԪĻ̶ȣȴδܱȵȻǵΪͲƺȲҲҪ֪ĿԴŹЧ
ʾһҵΪʱģ͵Ϯܿһغ
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˹ǽ磬ҲֻΪ򿪵ģԼҲϤӡ֪ô¡
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Ѿʼʩչӡ浤żĸ֡
ȻǸոսһӡȻֺʩչʩչӡٶޱȡ
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ǰһռ֮ţ˶¶˼顣
ˣȻĴˡ
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ùϵϢȻǸһؿռ䣬Ҳܸоζһλҳ¶֮ɫɫǿŮ޲һǰΧֻ̫࣬š
Ҳضá
ϹżϹżǷϵ۵ĺ԰һӾȻ˫̧ͷ죬һĤϵ۵ӡ
оˡҵһλϾȻЩỨС磬ͬռУеıҲҼʢꡣ
ޱ飬û뵽ɷҲôҸȻ֪η
֪˵ʲôȫЦΪʷƭ֡
С磬С磬ȫһ
Ÿʲôȥɣķ˹ѾЩȲˣſռ֮ǱߣڴǷйĵ伮߱ҲԸֵԭ
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ˣռ֮źܿͻϡ
ѧԺС磬Ժǵˡ
һҵĳϻһ磬ֻڹһ˿ռ֮š
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ϣô죿ʵ
ѾҷӡסֱӴȥС˵ţһӾͰ˹ǽ֮С
ķ˹ȥѾûˡ
ʱǵȻִһӡֻռ֮Ѹٵĺϡ
ǽ󣬵ȷϹżζ
½ԪһȺ˻˷֮Уʱûз֣ȴԶǡ


542 Ǳ
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û磬ǿǱߵһôȻһɶ֡һ뵽ǰεĸ
Ҳǵ˵ͷֻǰЩ֤С粻򵥡
ȵȣܾЩԡķ˹Ȼڣӵץһɫʯʯоͱһѵϸɳ
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κεĶҲֵסʱʴ
̤̤
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ֻԶ߹һԼһҵСãΣֻǶһβ͡
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˵ֻһӵ飬Ǿ鷨ʦִ򿪵Ǹ硣
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ԭǴͷβϷ޺갲ʧܿǰô£ʧҲܱƭߵ硣
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ĻһͷƤ飬ǼֱǲһĻ
ǸΪԪĹ࣬˲١
Ȼϣǲò˵ǵȷмˡҵ֪ͨǣǱˣǵĮ˵ţ͵Ȼ޴棬ҴչֳһɼǿصϢúŰɣôһ㹻ˡ
ߣҲ档ֻҪ㣬һⶼӭж⡣¼Ȼһǹǡ
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Ҳ׷׶ܣʱĳ˿ռ֮š
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ɱҳȥһɱѧԺ¼ȵûǱŸʲôǵõӡͨĿռ֮ţǱȥ


543 ɣ
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ҵ˶ǲˣôҲսʿЭˡ
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¼Ҫۣ½Ԫ
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Ҳѣ޲ðѧԺ˶ɱ⡣
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ںͣפãһη˶ʮһλ浤ĸ֣οˡҺԪڣǿ϶ưոݡҲʮ£ͻ˷һƭ֣ʱ˵һս
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ɹѴ˴֮йؽǽ磬ýһǼ￨ƣһS츳ҩ裬ʮC츳ҩ衣
мЩһжֵˡ
츳ҩˣѾĶˣS츳ҩ裬Ҳɫвѡ
ҪĻǼ￨ƣǿĻһλӣΪΰ˱ըԵ
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ӵѧꡣ
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Ӱ˶֪ӵնĿ
նһʮѷɵתģһ壬ʩչʮѷɽһ㡣
ֻǿϧϵͳֻٻḽ׵ı
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֮⻹еһ˷֮Ȼ紫˵еƼȴʹ֮۳ҡ
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ڵӵն˻Ҫضıÿ챳ϣʵûжѧϰıҪ
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ãʦӭѧԺѧԺԺǡ˵ʾⵤӸѧԺӵѧһǧһˣʦһʮˡѧԺΪԺԺԺѧԺרѧΧ˿ţһȽҪĿγ̶ԺϿΡԺڵڵĿռ䣬ҲӦĿγ̰ţĿǰҪһЩѡ޿Ǳϡ
ǵĽܣӻ֪ѧԺĴš
˸ɽĵطǳ˼һµʦѧԺʦɽԱĪаȻǷ֮ȴ֪ʹõնΪ޷ͽɽʦ´һնͼֱӻС
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ܿѧע⵽ˣȻѧԺ˲Сĺ䶯
S츳ҩһSѧS+õ츳Сѧ׶εҪԲԶ
ʵ֮ǰϵͳ˵ڵ츳ֻСѧ׶Σ˺ԼѧĽ츳ˣѧǻҪ츳ơñԼΪʵѾ츳ƣҲӵ˳֮Ҳɸ
νɸʵʱ
˳򷲣ɣΪһˣⲻô׵ġ
ʮȥƺ֪½ԪѾǷ˹ǽ硣
ԪڡսʿЭᶼѾģΪ֮ǰԼǴѧԺС磬ȥʮҪ㱨
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ÿһʯ֮ϣȻһߡ
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λ̫ϳϡһӴԶ֮ͨ˹˽Ԫڵĵ
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ʯȫüͷ
Ѿ֪龭˵ﻹúõشѧԺ֮ǰһҪôһƭ֣ҪôֱѧԺץ˻ȥ
һ֣ԪɹȥľλϿ¶Ѿ׶༪١


545 һս
ûм˵ʲôڵλ̫ϳϵľϡ
ʵ֪ԪΪĵ󶥼֮һҲʮλѣбռһ롣˴γȥִľλϣ½ԪǱŽ۷壬һܴ龳żİλ棬Ҳĸϵġ
Ԫһʧһ뱧ȫǲһ顣
ǰλ̫ϳϣѾ֮ܳΪˡ
ȻǿܻûͻƵ龳ȴǰ龳ǻֶǿΪսԶ硣˵ģͨıŽ۷߲һУЩ׵ľ͸˵ˣȫɱ׹һס
ѧԺѰ·һ˵ֽ巣ƢΪá
λ߻࿴˿Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ѧԺһ׽סɱԪھλ֣ȻǴԪڵĵߡ
ԪȻӵһС磬ҪһλҲ֮ѡЩֿ˵άɵλĻʯ˴ʧλ֣ڻĵλֱת£̫ϵ̸˦ԶԶġɽҲǿڵΪԪڵ̫ϳ֮һǰһʱ
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ӦѧԺԺˣλ뿴ƵóǳֵǶƵ
˿Ľɫ֣ǿֲĹüͷ
һλΪϹֲҽʲôѧԺ巸жϣЩ˵ʲôҲǳ׳һЩѣ潻սЩǸûκεô
ǿ֣߳ټϲʲô֮ģȷʵпܰô౧ǿһ򾡡ѾܶԸˣǳֲСԦ̧ͷֳһ˿ս⣬Ԫڻû¹˭ѧԺȻ֪Ǿˡ
ѧԺƻƽ⣬óǡɽ¶һѪζǶսĿ
λ̫ϳϣ֪񹦸˴ε鲻ԪһҵʧԼսʿЭᣬңҲʮı֣ʧ˴룬ӦñǻʹġҿҶϵ˼һֶԸѧԺȻˣӦǣʱѧԺԺʵǿҲǶ֡ڵ
˵еСĽСԦ˵ͷ֪ˣġ
ȻˣǲսʿЭǸ᳤Ҳɽ
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뿪˱չ֮ҵλѾڵˡ
λҵ棬һһǰޱȡ
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Ҳǵ˵ͷú
µһ죬ҹ
Ժﱻץˡ˼Żǡ
ץˣüͷѾʶ˷ʲô
ǵģǷ۵ʱֻһоƷǣȻץǾ뿪ˡ˼뵽˳ʱΣЩ𾪡Ϊ浤ΪȻûпԷôֵġ
֪ˡǰ˰֣˶ƺ͵ӡ
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˶ʱڴ
ԷһֱѧԺҲֻܸż
һͨ뺵ѧԺǾȻԪںϷһս顣
ݺܼ򵥣˼ǲǵˣǾѧԺ


546 ʷǰķ籩
ǿͨ뺣ͺǺˡ
ΪԷֱӹѧԺû뵽ڻһס
ϸ룬ԷҲ޵ķʸ˵ģ´֮ͨ˲ͱ䱻Ϊ
Ϊʲôô˵
Է϶Ѿе֪ԼɺͼֻǱˣڻûַвѧԺѧԺ˽ʱֻҪȻˣǺսһ仰
ǵóѣҪսսѧԺû¹˭
ȻҲǽʵĻϣ˭ѧԺλ񾳸֡
һչʾѧԺĻᣬȻˣǾͺúõذѧԺʵչֳҲ֪ѧԺʲôһѧԺֻҪʶѧԺʵԺиѧԺѧѧԺĻȨҲԽԽǿֵĸ綼֪
˼ƲߣЩڴ
ѧԺһսǱʤɣһԪںҵλڣǺ䶯顣
ʱǻĵһɶѧԺ潻棬ѧԺڻǳû˹˼ɡ
ʱϵͳȻǷڹһ
ݺȻġ
֧˼֤ѧԺǿɣҪܻ׽λ֮УǹѧԺǰڡB츳ҩ衢ش֮ȫ׽
ǵ˵ͷĽЩڴġ
ϵͳشһγˣϼһȫ׽סɲôס
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һսòء
뻹ǾвɵѧʦٻԺȥսٳȻһɾͲˡ
˼ƽϣǿʼôִ󣬶õĴ;Ȼ˵̳ˡ
˱ѧԺţɢʲôϢֱ׾ٵ顣
ҩʦΪѧԺ˵ĸˣ֪ôˡͣİϢ͵վһöͬʱ͵ÿһߵͨѶ豸֮ϡ
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Ժʲôš
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Ժ⡭ʷǰķ籩
ҩʦޱȣȫǵĻһ
ǰ磬ȫһҶĿΪµǿ߾Ƕˡ
µǴ£ΪһǿߡڿǱ滹ǿο񾳵Ĵڡ
ھҪÿһ磬ǵ̫Сˡ
ֹ񾳣˶Ǵڵġ
ǾҪ籩ʵ磬ԺͨҲ֪絽ʲôӵġһ̳׳־ҩʦ㿴ô޽ܿʷǰĴʱ׷ױ󺣣ѰǴ˵еONEPIECEھ޽ܵһ޶
Ժ֪ôˣǺҲտġҩʦһηԼ۽̫Сˡ
ڿⶼվȫĽǶȣʱǻվԺʮ꣬ĽǶȣǻҩʦͣǰ
Ȼⲻǻҩʦûô࣬޷ǵ뵽жԶ
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ųֵһ̣˶ˡ
ԪڣңսʿЭ᣿
ҵ찡һԪھжʮλ֡
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˭ܸǲģҿ϶ǻû˯ѡ
֪ڹѧԺ˭ôǿѧԺǷϢǧȷ
ԭѧԺȻǿǰʲôĺͺڻ
棬ЩϢԼ
СФһλļߣڶʮһ꣬νǰ;Զ
Լ浤ͿˣıˣһҪ񾳽硣
ιԽô
СФôҹĸҴ绰ò˺úõˡ
СФʱһޱ֣صԽ㻹ǵԼһ£һ浤ô
ҵȻǵãģһԵġ
ұΪǵ֪Ȼô浤ǿߣҸıעˡҵ벻浤磬񾳽磬ѧԺ˵˾硣
ʲôҪɣ
ⲻеɣͬ١
СФһѪ緢ûɾ


547 Ӧ
ԽѾЩСФ˼άСФܵʲô̼Ȼʼ˵ˡ
˵
СФܲ⣬ǺĺòãԽûе¼˵Ĺɣڵ¼ϢһҪ㻳
ԽȻţǺǵ˵ôţ
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СФ˵ͷ漴˵绰
СФԽĻвˣֱӵ˵ĻԾûﵽ˾硣
˵̳棬ߵǱˢˣ߶ڹעŽһ
ʱ򣬻ҩʦվϸĺڰЭᡢħʦЭԼսʿЭȻڡ
ЩʵڵλãԱ˽ܡ
߿֮ȫĬˡ
ԴǰܣҲߣͨڻûʸ֪Щġ
ԭ羹Ȼһֱƿţʵ̫˼ˡ
ϴҵ˳֣һֻΪһͨ壬û뵽Ȼ˵ǿ󡣡
ѧԺ̫ţˣһη˶ʮһΪµ浤֣ڸֱ滪ĵ󶥼а
ѧԺܶɹһ٣Ժ֪жΪѧԺѧ
ǰѾ㱨ˣֻǲ֪ѧԺ᲻Ҫҡ
ѧԺȻǽ˳ɵģҵ˵󻰣ڿƺġ
˰Ǹ޷Ĵڡ
ҪɣȳΪѧԺѧУҲֻһˡ
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ڰЭ֮С
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ɽһ֮һɽϣﻹɽڵɽ
λˣ֪ˡΨΨŵŵҲǺѧԺԸһַѧԺ
ץסǸѧԺԺҪһĸ¾ơǱֵĺ졣
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Ȼ˵Ҳȫġ
˵ģǿ϶ҪԼһ£϶ܳԼ׹˳ѧԺ
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ճɣɽ˿һѧԺҲΨһһѧԺĻ
ԹǡûκεĲ̣ѧԺʦѧȫɱȻԺܻº󻼡
ǼȻ֣ǿ϶նݳЦɱ⡣
һԲ֪˵ʲôá
һĺ뺣һ浤ַѧԺҲʱҲʵһͿأɻҵѧԺȥ
һĻεơ
ֻǰȫͬⳡϷĽ֣ѾԤϵ


548 ǿƽ
ǰף
Ԧͷ˸ں棬ֱѧԺȥ
ΪĶǿߣǴŵϵǰ֪ǵĴڡ
ǵٶȺܿ죬ȫԽ٣д̶쳣ٶȹ
ǵƺǿǾĵطͷ̧
Ҳǵѹȣᡣ
һ·˿ͣЪ
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ȻϼʹĦû񾳵ʵ浤֮ҲǴﵽһ۷壬Ԧ֮еκһһս
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Щ˴ʲô⣬ѧԺʵ
ѧԺսܣһ
ӰɽʮѾܿСڵ㡣
ѧԺԺ
һ˵ʮȥɽж
Χ۵ʿˮڴ
ѧԺҷҵˣͰ𡣡˵ѾѧԺһȭɽķȥһɾ޴ֱ֣ѧԺϯ⾭Ĵȫ𣬴һʮɵյش
ǵ絽ɽʱ򣬶ϳһƽ͵Ϣǿ˲Ρ
ⲻһȻ˵ʲô
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Ǻôǿߣ
ڻĵĿѧԺ棬ĽҲͨǹעһս
ͬˣעһսĽͨѧķߵĹǿȡ
ĽʿˣոһǿȽӽ300ǧTNTһоԱޱȣ治ôǿһȭǺһٲߵĦ¥棬ⶰ¥̵Ϊ
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ҲǷ׷׸͡
ѧԺڤ粻飬ϧ
ץǵˣǳıӵ
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պգħһ㡣
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ʱǿˡ
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Ҳǆ£λѧԺԺɽԾĿ˶ƣҲѧԺԺˡ
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Ԧʱֱӻ˻֣֣
˵ͷӽ֮󣬻ѧԺʲôѧԺվ꼻һ֡
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ǰˣһֺֻȻ̽ռͳԦǰ
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ԦޱȣȻȫƵֶΡ
͵һȭӳȥ
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ͬʱҲѾ񣬴ĺ󱳷ɳ˱նʮѷɵɽһ㻷Χȫ޴ӡ
ĦԼϼҲɽսһ飬סȫ⡣
Ҫǵ巣˿ȴǲ֪Ǻˡ
ǰĸ˾ȻôǿѧԺʵôµĸ滹һѧԺλԺ
ѧԺʵȫǵԤϡ
ԦʱŭޱȣһѧԺֲ޿֣ԭȻλŽ۷ǿ򡣲ҽ֪龳ߵʲôӵģʶһĿֲֶΰɣ


549 Ԫ
⻰֣ͣЩ
ʱֻԦһһ߶೤ĺɫ̽ذף淺ɵڹ⣬Եúǲ
ǸذԦţƺʱһš
ס۽ôߵģֻһͷǶ̽ĲϢ
Ƕ̽һ㣬޷һ顣
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Աߵ˴ʱҲͣǸ翴һ㿴ơ
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ǰѾǱӵеֶΣһֱ׷龳硣
⻯ǱŽ׵ԦһӲˡ
ǲ˭֮ȡ
ѧԺ˵ɣ
޼ɵ˵ţΪûмǿߣƺ͵ӵΪ
Ԧɫ䣬Ķ̽͵ס˶ƣҵı֮£Ҳ԰ˣаɣ
˵֮䣬Ƕ̽Ϊһڹʧ˿ռ֮С
ҲֻܲһڵѸ
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ԦЦѣȴǲݺɫ̽ٴγŶ׷ȥ
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ʱɽߵɽ4.5Դ8ǧףܱ߳пԸܵ΢Сɽ廬ԼСɭֻ֡ĿǰδӵԱ棬λעаȫ
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ʲôôܣסɷһȻ̫ܱˣ߻һתһĲš
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ӵɫΪѿѧԺʵֱǷ˼̫ĺ޻֮ҹȥҲǱذɡβˣŷҸģѧԺҪ׷ܻ̫ܿϵ̶ΪǴĶ󡣡
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˪ڻȥ·ϣ̲סһԴȥֲܸоﲻԣָڵ壬˪ָΪװɣ


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558 죬죡
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ԦæͷҲ֪涮Ǽٶ
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559 ִ
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576 ʯ
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581 õ˲
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Ժ֮Уոսڤ롣
ʦԷĻôʵ
ǵġǵĻ䣬ͷһۣһϵصɫ񣬵һ˫۵ĸ߸ѥӵİſڡߵ˫ǳһ㣬ǣŵǺ
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582 ħ֮
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587 
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597 ̳
ʼƶļƻΪ˵ڶǵĺøмֱǱĹȴǽʷ͡ǵĻˣֻҪһƲȫ԰ѳӢǴ̳ǳΪ󡣡
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ѧĿɿڴҲ̫ˡ
ЩһӢǾģǰǸֱ̳ǰӡ
Գ˵ͷҪôԼҪôΪĵˣ⻹һѵľ񡣡
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ڽĻݽװǣǽ˳ԱѾҪ˵ʷϵѣ˻𡣶ⳡ֮УǽΪ˾޴Ĺס
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ҪǽҪǲǿԳ壬ǻ̫СˡԼˣӵиõǱҩǿʱҩףǿĹؼڣÿ˶ӵʹûҩȨǱɥʬ
׹֮УͳѾˡ
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ΣӵˣͬЩͽŷҮһǿץȻ⵽ڵĵֿĹѾ˱㣬ǲô
Ѿٿȥˡ
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ݽ쵽βǻۣÿһ񶼿ɣǿ󣬶õǴϣһڴδǻڵʲôֻҪԸܺƽ̸Уǽÿһۻҩ
мǺ޲Э
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ҦΣεҵ۶߸ˣЩӵǵڣҶ֪ǲǷɽɫˡ
ȴǿЦʲôźµĻˡ
ҡͷǳɹŪģεԺúддˡ
ҲͬУʵһӰ䣬ķչо塣
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Ϊ׵Ľ˾ҡһΪ˹ҹϵػߣѪȵĽʱʹ˿
ڵļλӢڻˣõһٺѪҺ
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˼һµȥҴչ
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ðɣԶûô򵥣Ҧܲ°ɣֵ
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598 λʦ
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ֱǿҰ
Щᱼ֪ħţƵıҲȥһˡ
뵽ԼԺռѧǵĻǺܲµģǷ֪ܵ뷨
ǿ˿ҦܣĳĻԵħȫ֮弤ˡȻˣӵų֮Ϳ˲顣ԺĻѡһɷǹڽɷŻʵӲ١
Ҧܵ˵ͷлԺָ㣬֪ôˡ
Ҧ뿪ǺȻЩ˷
ڸĹѾȫɣǿȡˡ
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ڴһλʦѧԺĽʦֿ׳ˡ
һǼ￨ƣǿһλòŮӣƮƮʮˡ
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ñǣͻƵ񾳾ͻȽס
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һѾȷΪϸϻѧԺ龭ʱϸ


600 ¼
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ǿڣʦȥѧʲô֣ԭʲô
صȥѧףΪѧԺ٣ѧȥԼȤ飬ףǺѡȥһ˵̽գƵʱҲǳһʱ档Ҳ֪ǲ̫ãȻ˵淢ħЭʧһ伮
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ǺһܶԷ˭¾ԲôˣǱΪȥѧֻعɣʦһͨħЭᣬ±˼һ㣬ɱף֣ڶ㣬ǽ⳥ǣףļˣ黹伮ǸˣһҪǿһ㡣
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ұ죬Ų߲ؽ硣
ˣ˵ҲˡոյϢѧԺλʦֽħЭС磬һûᡣĸˣһҪѧԺԺɱѧԺҲ۵ģҲǶѧԺˣ֪ǲǺ۸ġ
ͿǺˣǸСѾѧԺռˣԺȥбɱķգԲֱӶͶ˵ɱѧԺλʦҲһƬѧԺţƣҲûмܳס˷䡣
ּǿʱܺ˷䣬Ҳᷢ䡣


619 ɽ
ѧԺ֮У˿֪Ѿѱ˱˾·
Ȼ̫̫ðˣѧԺԺţǱƣô졣
ˣЩԼС磬ʺС硣ҪִǱԼС֮УȥҲκβǡ
ȻЩ˲ֻ֪Ҫﵽɾ磬ͿԸ֪ȿռ䡣ôͻƵ񾳽磬ÿ쿪ɾҲֻһӣȿռȫһ飬Ȼҵǲĵط⼸ʹࡣԼܵɾ磬ʱ޼ɵˡ
ǿһѧԺ飬ѧƺġ
ѧˣȥѧûлһЩûȥѧˡ
ǳ˼һ£ﻹһŸʱ֤ͨҲԿˡ
һſָʱ֤ͨõҲܽ
ЩĿǣջǾѡΪɽ1硣
ΪʲôѡҪҲѧĽȺĹйϵɽ1ɷѧ磬ѧԺҲλʦʦ磬ѧǺܶ඼ǵѧѧǶϵҲǺ˽ˡ
Ȼ鷽Ͳ˵ˡ
뷨ǱѾյϵͳ񣬶εȻ٣һר
ɽ繥1ȥɽѧϰ졣Ҫ󣺳ΪɽӣѧϰɽɷѧɽͻƵ浤硣B츳ҩ裬ʮ¹ҩ衣
ɽ繥2ռ顣Ҫ󣺻ȫ顣һǼ￨ƣɽ硣
ɽ繥3תˡҪҪ󣬱֤һ츳ƣһ޿
ɽԺרɽƸʮλְҪޡʮλְһɷѧ
ǿ֮ǺģｱͲ
ȻƸʦˣ磬пԼ浤ǿߣһƸѧԺĽʦ
˷֮⣬С
ûȥ׼Ҫŵѧ٣ҪΪߵѧţϾΪ̫͵ѧȥ˵ˣ͵ʸ񶼲
ʼѧϢܿȷѧѡ
Ϊȥʱֻһ죬֪ͨѧ׼һ¡
һֵһ˵ǣεҲûʱ䷽ļӳɣҲһ죬һ졣
ɽ1ľҲôҪʱ䷽ļӳɣѧǽȥһ¾ܻˡ
û׼ʱȥ˹硣
ɽѧǵ磬ȥ³ȫò˼Сʱ
Ҫ쵽βҪѵ˲ԼƸѧԺ֮
˲͹عˣɾͿˡ
磬Ǿҵ˵˲ֵ࣬˲оµıħڳԸӡ
ЦЦû뵽˲Ȥ
ʵƸ˲࣬ǿһЩħñֻᶯıֽñȷɨ㡣ЩѧԺ֮ռŻȤ
˲ٴμǣʮ˷ܡ
ǽһлᵽ˹ȴᵽѧ
ǲסΪЩѧȻѧԺѧ˲˼вѧħȼ׷Ϲˡ
ǲǺˣѹнѧԺڿȫûҪˡΪ˹˷һԼ飬ӵƸһħʦñȰ߱ķ
ǲûлѶ೤ʱõ˲ǩԼ飬͵ѧǰɣõ˲ѧԺˡ
ߵʱͷħһսڵʵʵǲһ㡣ħһ֪꣬ԸĵѾȫдˣתɣ
˲˵ͷ˿ǵȻʲôɱ
ħôû뵽ǻôⲻǸbuffҶһһ
ص֮ʱȥħЭСջʯˡ
ʮ̽˻һʱ䲻֪ܿɵʯһʮ飬׬ˡ
ʩչһӡʹͨСĿռ֮š
óֻǰ°ťе̽˾ͳλþۼ˹
ֻǲ֪ΣҲڵ


620 ˵
̽˵ٶȲ죬Ȼǳڵ´һǧף⻨ѵʱҪСʱҲ˵һ̽ڵµƶٶһСʱʮףһҲסʵҲûа취飬»ȵϣмӲʯľδ֪лɽҽ֮ġ
Ǹÿһ̽˶װʯһʱ㹻ܴ̽һƬ
Ļ̽˶һʯûҵԺҲͲø̽˰װʯˣʹ̽ˣΪȫ׬ر
ûеȶãһ̽˵棬Ͼԭ·أ´򶴣ٶȻܶࡣֻǱ̽ˣѾմԵġ
˹ȥҵٿʯǾֻڴ챣ˡ
̽˷ֵѾߣǼջ
Ƕӣ̽ˣİݰť
̽˵ĸǻλˣѾһĨɫľӨǴϲˣɫʯеɫɫǿ϶ҵʯ
æĶ˳
Ǿˣ澹Ȼʯ֮࣬ĽҲʢʯ
Ǹһ̽˾ҵʯʮһ̽ҲҵôʯһӾջʮʯħЭһʯ
̽ڲϿ
ʱǺԶĵطи˰һť
Ӻ˱ʼɣѧԺһЦ
һʮö˵ͷֻҪһžܻһɽУʮöʲôʱС罫ݲѧԺλʦҲֱըɷɻҡһޱȵ˵š
ǰǿˡץʱ뿪ȻӺ˵ը߶߲ˡ˵ŴСĿռ֮ţѸٵ뿪ⷽС硣
һ̽ˣλмʯ˹ȥ̽ץУоϸأ˵ֹţҪĽడԺֻҪĽз̽ˣѧԺﻹΪʯ
İݰťŹԲĶе˳
ǲ۾һĿʯеľȻһͨʯͷӦ̽˵̽
ǶԴҲ⣬Ľ̽ϵͳҲ©ñ̽ʯ봢۵ʱ򣬲СʯУԼȡһʯͻռ˿ռ䣬ܴŵʯҲˡ
ȻЩǺڿŻġ
̽˵ھٶȣٶԸĽĽҲⷽ¹
ף̽ͬʱˣ˭ʯࡣ
һϲɫǾʱһɾ޴ˣͬʱоһɾ޴Σա
궼ڲ
ɫʱ԰ףûиܵΣգһҪҷ
Ȼ֪Σ֪ٵˣԺȨȵһ޵ʱ䡣
һ֮ڣΪԴﵽ˼۷壬ܷӳӽɼ
ȫ˳֮ɫ˼幦γɵһǿǵըܵס
ԾϣʼʩչӡͨĿռ֮ţ
ӡոմһ룬ֻŵ˾޴Ģƣǿҵĸ£ɿܵĳӭ
Ǻ˵
Ǿޱȣ˲һСҲ˲Щˣ·֮һܸоԼرʴ
ﻹԥȫԪۼ棬ֱһɵľ޴ϼ롣
棬գܸоĲϼٱѸٵ˺ѣеĵط¶˽ɫ塣ϸѸɱֱӳ˺̿״̬ĵ棬ǿԪѸСһȦоڡ
Ҫ֪ڿ˼۷尡ȫķһҲܰ˵̶ֳȡ
ǣֱӷѧԺȻҲ
ϵͳȻʾռ䲻ȣ޷пռ䴩
ѾҪˣ֪Ҳʵھ޴ǰռҲǿԺģһռ䲻ȶռصֶζ޷ʩչñȴ򿪿ռ֮ţñ˲֮ģΪ΢Ŀռ䲨ܾͻᵼʧڿռ֮Уֱӷزλ档
ѵҪ˲ɣ
Ǹо滹о޴籡Ѿȫܲס
Щֲ̫ˣЩҵ壬ȻҾˡˣҵĹκֻǿֺ˵ͷŵˡ
뵽ǿľʹתԼĹ
ʱȫڣĶͱǿ֮ȫѪ


621 
תǸоԼޱȼʡ
ڸոΪ˵ֿ˵ľ޴ΣѾ֮еĵ߰˰ˡ
弱Ĳ䣬ǿ뺣һЩʼӿ塣ֻǲƽյֺ˵ޱȵĿ񱩣ޱȿµĻԺͷԣһᵼΪȫϡ
ǵԺ֮Уһһӿ֡
ݺҲ˸ֿܣԪȼһ֡ʱϵͳݣںкܴΣԣֱӾǸųˡѾɽˮΪ˲һ
˵ͷŵѾʼľӿĵ
ڼĿǺһж޲Ϊ˵ͷŵѾ͸ϸ֮С
һ˲䣬ܸоϸ
ֻԵʮ㣬ǲܳסϸһ顣
ҵĸоҲûκεİ취ֻתǰϸ֮вдԪ࿹ֿĹҲֲͬĽڹ̡
ϵֺ˵ʱǲ֪Ϊξ龳˼Ρˣֶƻ𽥵ʧҪЩܳס˵ϸǷ˽һ㣬ӵſµķƺüⶼƲ
Ҳǵϸֻǰʮ֮һϸˮƽѾ˲֪Ρ
ǻպ˵ըͷŵϸѾܳˢһ飬˿ѾݵƤͷˡҪЩ̭ϸ壬ҪǲݲŹ֡һϸﵽʱĹ̡
ϸ֮У໥ںˡ
ʵȫһֺСĸ¼ʧϸϸҪġôĻ֮УһںϵϸȫȻġ
ںϣһֺܿµɫ
һӵһְԾµƣѸٵİΧļʮϸˣȻǻ㹻Ѹٷѳһģһϸ
γɵϸƵһϸĶһĸĸ˸
ѧ֮УֵָըҲ˵ٶȺܿ졣
Ҳ֪Ǿ˶ٴε֮ϸȫ滻ϸ
أĵҲϸΧסˡ
ɫ繥ǰկһ㣬ϸ֮зӵ֮ʲô͵ȫɡ
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ˣĵ֮ɫԪҲ˲ռ죬ȻֻԪһ£ȫһ㡣ۿɼģɫԪɫ
һеתˡ
ʱڼתоתɫԪֱֻɫԪһתȻǰʮµǣǰ޷յҲǿ塣ΪҲڽָ״̬Ҳһ
֮Уϸڼٵķѡ
ʼ̣Ҳʼָ״̬벻Ƥͷ״̬ˡ
֪˶ã۾˱̫ˣҲˡ̫ˣӼҲҧ˵ģû뵽ǻôҪ֪С绹һٶʯĿԼĶֲ
һΣǾöԷΪ˶ԸѧԺܻ鶼ɵó
ԼС磬Ǳ˵ٵˣǶ꣬˵ܳµ
һԼ壬ĺɫĩⶼǰϸȴȫ˷ɻҡ
ǸоԼһȦۿҲͰ˾ʮӡ
״̬ȴǰδеĺãֻû˳ͻƵ浤żΪε㹻ͻƼֱ׾ٵ顣
һȥǸоƺһ̧žܷʡ
ԭ󶴵ĵطһȭڵϣֻһ޴ѷˣǧ֮
𾪣ֻǵ˺ǰȻ˼ⶼܱȵҦ֮ܵˡ
ǧ֮£Ѿȫ̮
ǿʬ壬еĿûһҴġ
Ͼڵ£˵ķҲɱǣӹɵġ
ó̽˵Ŀĸ㻹ţ֮ϲû뵽ĸ̽ûбٵҼɸʹʯʲ


622 ϵͳľϲ
ٻĸ̽ˣܿһ̽˵ߡ
̽˵ĸǻȻ˵ķʯǴˡ
ȴ̽ˣǵջǲСΪ̽˳һֻĿʯҲʯ
ĸ̽ˣȻһǴʮſʯ档
Ǿڽô֮ǰȡ߿ʯжʮʯˡ
ҪĽడ
ϧа˸̽˻˺˵ը֮£ȻջΪɹۡ
Ҳ֤̽˵Ժ̽ˣȫ˹ʲôʯˡ
ǳ˼һ£ûдصڻûлָ۷״̬ѾһƬ򣬿϶Ҳͦʵġ
Ȼ˻ҹһɱһ
Ҫԭ̺ĺ˷Ҳ綾ҩΨֱ֮ǶΪ֮еףҪʤ
֮ҩ֮ҩ
ʵɴҲ룬һ־磬һСĺ˷ȫˣ˵ʲôĶҲ縡ˡܿͿ³ΪϢأҲʲô˷ȾءҪǸ磬֪Ҫãɾ綼һ˵ҪɾС
ҪΪɾͺˡ
ϵͳĸ֪棬˾磬ɺ͵ɸ㲻ˣֻΪɾͿʼʹʼԾǨԲ֮ܳΪˡʵϣŵǿС˵棬ɳҲԪӤ磬ҲǷ񾳽磬൱ں壬ȽϽӽˡ
ϵͳľ绮֣ȻС˵ġ
Сѧ׶Σľ磬ҲˣƱӦе
ѧԺСѧ׶εӦΪԪ浤
ѧ׶ΣȻ֮ΪˣȴǿʼӦµΣֻеɾ磬ߵľ磬ǲˡΪ־磬ȫǻΪƸΪ꣬ݺǺӣ֮ǿպ嫣ûвȥĵطȫҲƾһɾ䡣
ǿʼһʯ㹻ó浤ʹһ졣
ֻʮӲһʯͱɸɾò˵ٶֲ̫ˣҾкܿµӶԡȥʮʯֻǲСʱͱȫգʱְǰʣµļʯ˳Ҳܿϡ
ۿɼģǵڳ⡣
ǰǿа˾ʮڲһٽˡ
⻹۷״̬ոʱѾûʯˡ
ɴĿΧ֮еĸ֮壬ӵĻи
һһҹǵΪȹ浤˼۷壬ֻһͻƵ浤żˡ
ţ಻һ£ͻƵ浤ż
ȻֻҪĵȴͻ񾳽ˡ
վдһӡֻǰһ޴Ŀռ֮š
Ƿִ˴εĶȫֵһᣬ֮һص˵֮ϡ
ӰһѾѧԺ֮С
Ѹλʦȫټ巽ѧԺսѧԺвʵ̫
ѧԺʦãѧԺѧԵ̫ˡϾ˺ͻƵ浤磬ѧҲԪ硣
ʦҲѾоշ˱仯СͯҲͰܸ˻ء
ҲûʲôģֱԵɡ̫ϵ̡ҡսʿЭͺڰЭһһ޴ˣǵķչҿǲһȺں֮ڣǵѧûɳǱ뱣ǵѧ
ڶʦĬΪѧԺʦͰЩѧԼĺӡ
ǼղҴСͯ˽һȫ伣ˡȻ֪ȫ˰ʱ׼һʱǸҪһСͯӴȫļ죬һֶԷټ׽á
ʦҲûκεѧԺһԡ
ʥѧԺĵˣҪ֮һһ
ǿʦЩޣ뿪ѧԺα˵ı
Цһ飬ҴٴǵѧԺͬΪѧԺӰӣѧԺһεʽҴһ£ɽΧһﶼѧԺΧɽжΧ֮ڡҲ˵ʦǿ뿪ѧԺˡ
ҲڸոշصʱŴϵͳõϢ
ϵͳ˵ԺȼѧԺӰĿռ䷶ΧҲӡ
ӲԺϰԺѧԺķΧչܱɽⶼСһĻǼϰԺԺҪ֪ԺѾʽԺˣһεǾ޴ģ˵ǻʱġԣѧԺӰĿռ䷶ΧҲӡ


623 ˷ܵʦ
Բһǰ޷顣
ʵǶеĵģѧԺʦΪʲô뿪ѧԺΪڵĿռ䲻ڵǿҵĿռų⡣ѧԺǵԺȼܰѧԺռռںϵķΧ࣬ʦǵĻΧҲӡ
ʦʱѾ¶ޱ˷ܵɫ
Ȼ޷뿪ɽͨ˽ȥ޵ڴ
ȻֻȥɽУɽбϾĵطѧԺɽеĲϸͿɽе˿ڶﵽ˽ӽһǧɽмѾΪ˻ĵĿƼģķٳ̶˿ȹҵļҪв
ҲظĸоʦȦѧԺһֱı⡣
ڵĻǳǰһ
Ȼ֪ҲֻǿʼԺȼѧԺӰҲԽԽ˵мԺʦǾȥܱ߼ʡˡ߼ԺĶûʦǵĵطԺϵ
ֻǿϧʦǵٶһֱ
ʵҲûа취飬ϵͳʦǸΪƾõӦĴۡǵԺȼʦǵٶҲڼӿ죬ھôĳԲԲˡ
Ҳϵͳ⡣
ѧԺѧģʦġ
ЩʦԸҲӵôٶȣԺѧԺȫԸΪʦѵˡοǱϵͳǣⱾǵڡʦƺҲ㣬ûʲôԹԡ
ȥɽˣ̫ҸˡԲԲ۾·Ьӣ

ȥԲԲʦ̫Զˡ
˵ϿȥɽˣȥһǸʲôͣ˭֪ʲôҪעҪװôò棬ò档ˣҽȥҽȥôͲŻ˾ҲǵһγͰýŰ
ȺʦȻҲĬˡ
Ҳ̿ǲѵȥɽпԣʱһᰲѧһȥ˳ǽһеҪע⣬ѧԺҲˣҪǵɽУǧ𴩵ֵֹġ˵أţʦȰĳ۸ˡ½СʦͷˣһͷͷʲôǸĦǣŶڻкеģɮ۾ˡ
һʦ˿ԼģȷʵЩײġ
ʦͷʲôıһ£ȻһȺŴˣôñŤ
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ʱԸµѧԺΪ˲ŵףʦҪȥɽУװȵһ¡ţһȥҲ˶һЩ׵·ӭλʦѡȡԴ
ʦǶǵ˵ͷʲô
ϵͳ֮С
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ϵͳִܸоһɿռ֮ӳȥ
ɽеĿռǱѧԺĿռ֮Уʦǵʧˡ
ȥʦǽ׵ĹֱȥĽ
ڵٶѾﵽı٣ǧľҲһͲʱ䡣
ĽȻĽ̽ˣͬʱ̽˽һЩŻñռʯ֮Զʯһ̶ĵص㣬̽˾ܼھʯ
ȻǻһҪĽǾǹں˵ġ
μ֤˺˵ھֶ޷˵ҲڿƼһЩŬ
鶼ҪԻ̸Ϊá
Ľĸʵ棬˿ԵЩۣԺ̽˵ĳŻǺѣҪԶ֣ҵѧǾ̽ˣҲû⣬ȫ̽ˣһ¾ʮ̽ˡ
ǳ˼һ£ʮ̫ˣ취Ժȱ
Ľ˵ͷֻܾȥܻᵢоƼʱ䡣ɣ粻˲ٵԱôҰнѧԺԺЭо
ȻǸ⣬ԸѧԿƼȤ
ǸĽѧϰԺѧԺ˫޵˲š


624 ʦɽ
ĽǴӦЩ֮ɫ
ѧкܶѧԺŵĿγ̺ǼȻӦЩǾ˵ԺѧѧоõĸѧԺ֧֣Ŀ϶ܷչ׳Ϊһ̳˹̹Ľɲһ׳գ˶Ӳ
Ȼ֪ĽôĿı˺˵飺Ľûпзʲôֵ˵ը
ĽһԺһֱоɴôѷɴ̫ϵûнпո
ǿЦ֪ĽĿǰʲôĲȤھһĵɴ
ı˵ˣӲ˵ɵΪУ֮³ԺѧԺ֮лûеڶϵһһգҪսǺֱǲ󡣱ϾѧǿԶСѣͨȴҪ˶
Ľɫ࣬æҽӴĿƼ棬ЩⷽĶ˵һּΪֲеԭ漰תΪḶ́ҴķɴҲҪúṩĿǰǵĺоĽ׶ΣġˣҪֵ˵õֶλΪ
ǵ˵ͷȷʵΪЧķʽôȻһ⡣
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Ľоһ׳ɱò˶þ
Ҫʲôã౶
ĽǵǣҧԺΪɽİɣȻˣ취쿪һ׺˵ԤϵͳȻɽСʱк˵Ϯ벻ԵôԺҲҪ׼ֻα겻α
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ʵ֪õİ취ԼΪͻƣܳΪɣǵɣǿȡ˺˵¡
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ʦʦҪǸҶòˡƿЦ˿ĴСжʮ·ˡ
һûЬأЬӾͲˡԲԲһ˵ţþƶ·ӣճԲԲķҪȥЬӣ˵ܰ˼ҵЬˡ
ţҲҪЬӡ㹫Ҳǵ
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ھƺ棬˿ųԲԲ㹫۾͵ġ
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棬쾹Ȼд֪ɶʱѧĻ滭
˿վϣһװ磬ĸо
и˿죬뿴컭ΣȻ̲סЦ
첻ǺȵˣʲôٲŲϡ
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쿴Է񣬲۴Уˣ˽£һÿˣ鲻ķϣ߰ɣ

֪ʦǿ϶ֳȤ飬Ҳ׼֮󣬻̲סЦ
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Сͯҳǲ˿ϾǶС֮УҲϵ
СͯЩΣԺԷӦ֪ͨǵһһıܿЩȫץȡõϢȻһ񡣡
ǵ˵ͷ޴ʹĸоʵ˸˲
ֻеȴŶԷðͷˣʱҲ˳ϣԱ˵ը֮
ʦǷ죬µһֿʼˣڹʱ䣬ʦǶʮ֮ǰصѧԺ
賿һʱǵõһܲõϢ
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625 ҹŮ񶫷
ǶЩˣҪ֪ôûȥҹꡣ
ⶫҲ̫ˣ뵽ҹ˵һС񣬿϶Ȥ
ǲȤɴȥҶܻʣµǾͲùˣϢɣ
صȼλʦ˵ͷȥϢˣϾ컹๤Ҫ
һͳѧԺٴγֵʱѾɽС
ô˵Ҳɽ˲꣬Ǻܿҵ˶ʧǼҹꡣ
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Ƕӿųƺ͵żˡ
ǲҹʲôøУų㻹ؼҵ˱Ͳʲôˡ
Լ̶˵ļУƺҪ˷ˡ
ٵ߽ȥǿžƱվſڵŮˣһŮܻΧżӬһˡ
ⶼص㣬ǵĿ⿴ҹľ޴̨ȫһȻӣϰ˶ۼš
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Ⱥ룬һŽ㣬Ƥ£Ƥ޵Ůڷ衣
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ΧȫǷ˵Ĺţһﲻǹڳϣ˵׼ǻԶʲô
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һϣǷ׷׵򶫷ܾƣȫ߲ܵĽࡣ
ŶһһΧ˵ĺˡ
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ܽӹһЦˬ죬ûôʹˡʲôطҹǰɣԺһ᳣ġ
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ЩСᣬǲѧãӿɲġ˵ţóһСӣȱټѧҰˣǸҺúѧϰʱұ֤Ǻһˡţ˵кܶء
һǾöǾһ
ˣǾ񲡣ܺŮ񲡹Ҳˬ졣
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ˣԺ֮Ѿ˸ϳͶܵİ취
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626 Ƕ
Ǳ𶫷ܣоǱӯƶһ
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ǰѶܷŵϣҪ뿪ʱ򣬶ܺȻץס֡
Ǹо˵һЩʲôѾˡ
ڶ죬ǹ˶ԶܵĴ˵ǼΪֱӼһδ
ҪСǴѧǴֻҪϾͻᱻʦҪǱǴֱӽͬʦǻѧΪϵͳͬǻǻҷĽ࣬ȫǴ֮ص֮ȥ
ǲ֪Ϊ͵Ķܻ˶ܵķ䣬ڶ˶Ƿˡ
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ຼ򣬼ѧΪңĵطɽĴǴ￪ʼ
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鷢չһ죬ңΪ½̵Ļڼҩβﲻƾл˵ңҪȥ鵺ҩƾлôãΪĲһ죬ʱֵޱ壬˵ʲôҲҪңһ
ңǸж˽ǰȥ鵺
ľȫǺԭ࣬Ǻԭ֮һ˾ô鵺
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ԭ飬Ӧܿϴ裬֮䣬ƾЩڴ
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ƾ첽ȥʱɲܱңȡ
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ƾסл˵ĺе
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ִţȴ߳˲ʯͷ
ţƾզһȥôҵŮأ
лҲǿˣȪȫһ׷̫̫һɡ
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ʱҲоˣһӣˮٲһܳ
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ѣˡʱһ˼æͷֻһɫ·ľŮӳ
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ƾǵԭ֮УѾңȢȻ˹һҹǺӶˡ
ƾѾȫסˣ˵ĸ黳ǿǻѧԺ
еĹ3˵ҪıˣõĿʼǾǾǶ


627 ٻ
ƾлʱ࿴һۣĶǿȫʹģʽ
лѾңǰλѣֻͨˣǿˣңޣӦʲô顣
ƾҲǼæңĺֵܣҪʲôҪңģܳ
һȻӣ˭֪뷨
üĪģңܼ򵥣Ϊ
ңʱϵվ˳ЩжֺлִֵܣԼ飬Ҫҵκδ۶Ըܡѣʲôңüͷһ¡
ƾ޲һŰң߷ɳȥͬʱԼһͣô˷á
ңһӣȢܴӦ
ѺңƷܸܵĺãʱҲģңӦûгװɣ
ƾп಻ˣÿ졣
ǼŮŮء
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΢΢һЦȻˣȢΣ
ңһæܾҪң̫ˣǲԼԿ˵ẦƾƨƨߵĴӦˡ
ѶʱãҵҪȡҩȢ
ң˳˼
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ţҸһҪ᳹˼УȻ϶Ǳңˡ
ʵʱƾǾͼƻˡ
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ЩĿңң磬㲻ϲ𣿡
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ʱҲֵıң˼һµԼú룬ٸһظ
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Ѱŵķ棬лı£϶˵
ƾظޱȣǵȻҵĺϢôС궼ûУôңһˡ

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ҪȥɽԼԺרֻʱϵͳȻ
мҪ֪
Ŷʲô飿
Щ֣Ѿϰϵͳһһէ
ϵͳΪ˳Ժ֮󣬷ҪСƸʦֻҪѧй񣬽С磬ֱӽַʽĵٻһԭֱƽʱĿٻûʲôһ־ǴٻԺѡǷںԭ֮еؼ䡣
ﲻЩϲʵҲ֮е顣
ϾѧԺԺԺƸʦֻԽԽ࣬һȥƸʵ̫ݡ
ܽеٻһٻʽѡʵò
һȻҲһ޴ı׶ˡ
Ǿѧ޷ɹʱһʦв
εЦЦ͵ѧɹͱҪ
ȻֽҲֻǶʱٵ磬ЩҪԵ綼ǲƽѧģǳ˱ʣҲ԰ѧȥ
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鵺µһ졣
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Ѵ˿ѾĿɿڴ
ƾЩ⣬лҸһϵɲɣ
л岻֪˵ʲôֱ˴Ĵָ
Ļû꣬ѣ֪ӵԭôԭֻҪӺӽϾӣõŮӶʮ굽ʮʱҪھͺңˣΥġ
лѾЦ磬ƾ˼Ҳ̫ˡ


628 
Ѵ˿Ѿľ˵Ķʲô߰ġ
ƾһ̲ס͵Цǳװˡִ˵˼һʮŮҲӦ֪ЩˡҲô˵ⶼΪãƾ
˭ЩֱӺȵȻѾŭˡ
ѣôˣһ֪ʲôӣѵ˵ĲԣǺƾ˵ⶼǿѧŮҪǼ˱֪Щ
ѲסѾƾа֮Ȼֲ˼룬㡣
ƾһ
ȻԪΪ治ѵĶ֡
Ͼѿǻɷģ΢ܰĹġ
лһ߲˵ȴЩЦƾΪ̭ˣ˼ˡ
ѵĹȿƾæ˵飬׺ģΣա
һȵ˰֮С
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ܣ׺Ѿˣôʱ㻹Һ
ҡҡͷ׹
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һ˵ǰ١
ˮħ޺׺ģԼȫġ
ѳĬѾЩò׼ˡ
ƾ֪ȴ½Ѿ鵺ɵѾС棬͵ץگˡʵң֮ԻԲѣҲǰ½̵˸ĹŵĻңһ˵װ硣
ѿңʱȻ״ңһˡ
еĹȶǶҹˣǻҹˡӣ׺Ȼ㽻һЩʲô
ƾ΢΢һЦ׺ﱾҰбͬʱҲҺúý̵ԺԼʹֻ˭֪ôͱ¶ˣ׺Ρ
üʵĿɲ
ƾҪôԸ½̵ˣ׺ҲаţѴɷġ
л忴ƾԽԽѾͶء
һ˵˵ƤҲû˭ˣ˶ҪΪ鵺Ĺˡ
л˼һ£Ǵǿɲǰ½ȺֲӵĶ֣ҿǻǸϽˡ
ƾȴǺٺһЦǲһˣûг̫ƫھƽӦþຼ򸽽½̵ɱ鵺죬ʱӦüֻҪѾƽҹʱ½˶Ҫ̡
лغƾ̫ˡ
˿̵ɽѾǳɽģǳ
棬а꣬ЩӵźǿľĴ֮
˱Ӱ죬ȻȫԪѾָ滹ЩˣȻ磬õһЩ꣬һԼĻǡ
ѾΪѧԺʦȻ֪İ취
Ȼǲ֪Ҳס
ɵĵڲǸоа꣬ĴƮš
ǿһֱһָһԪ͹ᴩ塣
Ԫ˺꣬ȴһָ˲ҷɫ棬ɫȫ̳˺˱ԣǾǿ˼꣬ǵ֮ԳˣҲͬһ
ҵһطϥʼתĹ
ȥ꣬ЩɢѾ鲼ô֪꣬жٵ滯Ϊֻһֱû˸Щѡ
Щоǿ
ĻǶԽԽʵ
һڹȥǸоԼľûôùʱľҲ֮ǰǿˡ
һʮһȭͷСʯͷ
Ǿһ
ǿһ̶ȣ壬ֻƾܺա
ϣҲҸطͻƵ浤żʱһص塣
˼һ£Ǿ֪˭ˡ

ʥʦ֣Ǹ˽ͨɱ˲֪ɽӵļһ
ӾʱǾرĳ
ʥ˵ʲôɱɽӣǳȫɽӣ⵽֪Ǽ֪ء
ľɱôˣ꣬ʥⶼܸϴףⲻҪĹµһɣ


629 ļֵ
ǿŽ΢΢һЦ
ʵǺͽģȻɱôˣȫ⡣
Ϊ˱ԼɱˣǿǴ
ɱңѵҾͳܣҪѵҾҪ
ɽ֮жƺΪΪ²޸ⶼʲô⡣
ֵĵǿǴش
дǲŸıǵĴ󣬾ȻǡŰǿۣﺰʲô˵죬ɵããȫˡ˵ʲôˮȫûκΪǾ²Ǻ²
˵ȺһȫǱţĻӣΪԼһȶѡ
ʵǵ뷨ѧǲıϣĵ⣬ǼȻˣһҪŤǰ˵Ĺ
ţҪúõļֵۣ徲ΪһҪá
ȻҶƾȥˣ˭ֵأ˭նħ
ɫأǣȻʲô͸
ʱ룬ڵã
ɵɵĵ˵ͷȻЩ֪
Ҫǿھͽг֣Լ֡
΢΢ҡͷ鶼ȥһˣѵ㻹ȥ뿪ȥʼһµɣ
£̲סЦұôʦֵܵʲôʸȥʼµҸҾһʮˡɱң϶ɱңɱңҽѡ
ǿĽüΪʲôҪɱ㣬ҿ
һֻΪˡ
ʱô㣬ŮԷమδ֮СҪҽʲôⶼƭ֪ġܳɣҲܳɣƽȣֻЩ޵Ϊǣ÷࣬ı죬Ŷôƫ
;
˰ɣȫԼ˽ⲻһڶѡ˵ʵҾͿɽȺţӣɽһõ˵ӣʵһȺΪǵļһŮԷİºܸˣɽҪɱǣǸǵ
ôô˵վɱҵʦֵܡ
̫ˣҪɱʱ򣬰㵱ǵʦô˼Ҷ㵱ʦˣ㻹ôʲôοʱɱǵʱȫɥʧʶֻһ뷨ǾǱӣûˡǵ򣬾ɱ˻ء
⡭
ˣҶ׷ҸȨΪõŬ˼ɽһףȫΥļֵۣҪ̭οڶˣжҲˣϽ뿪ɣⲻյĵطǺģ̫ˡ
ļֵʲô
Ŷʵָгɡƽȡһϵе˼룬ұҪصĶ˵Ǹ翵ȫǳ׷ĴӦ翵Ķ˵ʲôľ͸ˣҪֻġ
˵Щȫһʱ𣬲ȴýΪ𾪡
ǿŽʼ˼Ļ˻һʲôֻҪľͺáֻҪΪû˵ˣǵ顣㲻ҪɽˣǸϽ뿪ΪʲôҾͱȽʵˣɽһײƭƭ˵İϷѡ
徹Ȼƺͨʲô
΢΢һЦתĳڣңǸʦܰ˽˵ǰѣȴֱȥֻˣԻʲôõҲ˵ˣһƪĹ͸ˡԺгɣ˵ܳɸɡ
ǵıӰ̲סЦԭʼգҶԼԼļֵ˵úãұʿӦΪŬŶԣ
ǹԼ벻ֻͰѽƫˡ
Ҫ˿ħˡ
ʵҲҪǽʹııԵ˭ʱ˵ϼ䶼Ƿǡ
һ˸ʲôǶԣʲôǴʲôǵ
ǴʱѾگһ½ԼΪʯ
˵һɽʿ϶ɵ棬˵ʲôҲԸֶԸˮħޣԸ½ǸˡִãʲôǸˣǿɶǽѧ˶ʤ졣
ߣĵġ
ǿ񣬶ȵǰ½Ҳ
½һ˼Ա˽ûνİ
Ƕʱˣ˼׺Ƴ˵ڻһ̫ʿ˰ɣ
ɷ˵ģǾͺߵ£Ѿĸұ죡


630 ˮħ
ɲСѰ½һ
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˵ģģ·滹գҲ̫ˡ
̲סһ뷨½֮û˰᲻ԭ
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˭
һ벻ˡ
ǵ׺ӣ㺦İɣ
³Ĭ޿ɷϵʵҲԼɵĳϡ
ǼȻҾ׺˼ЩظǺ˾ģԺͱˡ
½ЩˣگϵĴڣû˿
ģȻǶɱġ
Ϊһɣ¾ԲһĴˡ
ǲ˵ĻˣҾ֪һʲô죬ˣǵ΢ĩʲôǡ
ֱ̫ˡ½Ҳˣܲʢ˵ӡ
Ƚһȭһͳ˰½ȭͷ޴ͭһ㣬淢ͭɫĹâһɫ˲תȭͷ֮Уϡܿһɰ˻ĵϹޡΧĿƿ綼˺Ѹ
ˮ𣡡½˫ʩչ۳һһɶߵˮǽ
뵲סҡһȭˮǽ棬޴͸ȥˮǽֱӱ顣
ˮǽ֮󣬰½Ƶסǵȭͷ
ʱ֮еɫԪ˲½壬ִǿԡԵֻգ۹ð½ƱýȻֻǲʱ䣬½ϵϸһƬǼȥ嶼Ϊϸҵ
ڰ½ϣɫƳ֮⡣
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637 Ϊ֮Ȼ
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߱ѧԺеֶθסˣѧԺҪʲôɱɣ


638 ֱ
ھĵȴţûв뵽˴ж֮С
ڰЭһжٵĳԱ˵ҲкüǧʵֻǺһ֡
һ׽ǧĺڰЭԱѾ֤ѧԺʵֶΣؼİ˹ٶٳûбץһֱĲôڰЭĳԱ棬п֪򿪺ڰЭС緽˾ǰ˹ٶץס˹ٶʳ򿪺ڰЭСİ취ѧԺȫ˳ڰЭᡣ
ѾѪηڵըĿ档
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ѧԺо԰˹ٶԼΤִ̣СǧڰЭԱʮ꣬ҪΪѧԺѧУһؽѧԺСѧڣǧڰЭԱֱӴ쳹أΪ֮С
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639 ѧԺͳս
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˶±ˣ˵ֻǵ˵ϡ
ҪɶȻս
ʮ֮ץڰЭи߲㣬ѧԺɣһҪԺڰЭгԱ˼Ͷ죬ǲ̫ˣڰЭкüԱء
ҵ찡ǳ׷ˣѧԺţơ
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ѧԺƺַͨʽ߱ˣǿԻǵѧУҲٽȴҪΪ֮޷ĴۡںڰЭǧԱʱħЭħʦ䵱˼صĽɫħʦõ˼㣬Ҫ֪ǰǼڰЭ˿ɶҪͿģҪһȡ
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żȻˣҲֻһһɽԦ巵ȫ鵽ţԼԪڵǿҲһȥ˼ӽʮˣȫһɫ浤ǿߣڵϻԺɨκˡ
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ѧԺϻ·ͨ棬Ҳȥ׼һ£һһҪƯƯһ䡣
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ڰЭ֧ץڰЭи߲㣬᳤Լλ᳤ݻٺڰЭᡣҪʮ֮һ£һݿ
ĽĿһЩֻһ㣬ؼݿ
Ǽ񾳣Լ֮ݿصݡ


640 ΪǵĺڰЭ߲
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ڰЭһλ᳤λ᳤ʮλԱʮλ߲㡣
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ϵеĿռ䲨ԽԽܸоռĲ
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ͳսѧԺΪһţҲԺĿǰصһš⣬άѧԺϵĲþʹߡڣѧԺʦѧͬҲڿǣǱһɼԺǵĵһץڰЭĹʮλ߲㣬ûģ
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صǳЦǺڰЭСķֻл᳤λ᳤֪ʼգǶûай¶ȥѧԺǵС磬ǳ˵Ρǻ˵ʲôʮץڰЭи߲㣬ֱЦˡ
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ʮ֮󣬿ѧԺô͡
ƵʱѧԺץѪˣֱðһǣȻ˵ȫ׽סˡ
еѧԺԵݵһϷҲֻƭƭЩμѧԺСѧ˵ѧˡ
˹˵ͷҶΪѧԺܽǵС磬ԷһгԱһ˴룬ʾ
˶ǵ˵ͷȻûôϡ
Ǹ޷ǵֶΣݿռ䲨˵ѻķ롣
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һ߸ߣǰ˸ߣֱһ˸ߡ
͸ռ֮ţ˻谵ɭ֣ɭ滹мͷţһޡ
ҵˣ
˷ܲѣֹͣӡϵһ
ͳսжˡ


641 ڰЭĩ
ͳսİ칫ңһѶϢ뵽һԺ
͵վֱ壬ͳսԱ׼׼ڰЭС硣
˶һȻǼޱȣǽһǰ޹˵׳١
һҩȫϣȥɽµңһҪȥһԺ
ʮӰˢˢķɳɽѸٵɽ¼ѵصľӡ
ѧʦѾ֪дҪ
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һ㣬һϢʹһԺ
һһ飬ûзκѶȡ
֪һѾȲˣǽ˴һսشһҪԴҴӰ˹ٶļ֪ڰЭֻ֮л᳤λ᳤֪򿪺ڰЭСķ֮ǰҲѾǵƬǿˡС֮УֻҪˣлС뿪ȫ֮
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һ㶣ԺѧԺͳսһжôܲ¼ҽһʦ룬Ϊжȫ¼񡣵ʱ򷢵ѧԺ⣬˶һѧԺͳսκַѧԺһԼʵ
ȻһȻ뷨
Ϊͻĵľϰ࣬ãһ˳һͳս
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Ǵͳһĺɫװƶ̶磬ľ˺ѣ˲Ϊмݺᣬѹȵ޸̧ͷſڵϣɪɪ̫Ĺâƺסһʱ谵·ĩһ㡣
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֣һ˴Ѿ뵽һֿܡ
ȥ᳤֪ͨ죡˺ǵٶȵһǻȥսƶˡ
ӵʱ䡣
һѾУкڰЭĳԱס
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642 ֻС
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Ѫ⻰ʱսӿ
ò˵ڰЭȷռƣڶǿ棬ѧԺ˦Ǽ֡
һ˹һĴڣܵУһ˾԰ѺڰЭɱ䡣ξԦǣΪԪںҵǿߣǾǺ͹˹һĴڡ
ƾЩһҲңԲһһȭȥʮѪ幫Ѫ顣
һսôԦЦ
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˵Щʱ򣬳˸顣
ѾѧԺǩԼʦҲͬУΪֵܶá
ЩûǩԼʦΪͬѧԺҲԵΪԺ
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643 ֲһ
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һ̲סһǴԲѣǿΪҲǼӵ顣ӹͻйƤһʱҶָܻɱ㡣ҲӵǸʱҪǿ״̬㣬ǺڰЭн
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ѧԺϾҪΪԼΪʹĴۡһɭɭ˵š
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ȿռ仹кܶ࣬ԺҰЩռȫҳСѧ⡣ǵ˵ţԶļƻ֮һˣôԵô𾪡


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ڵһսʿЭ᳤ǰ棬ر𽻴߲ҪŸʹȻܻܿ޷ԤƵѡ
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ҵҴںѪʱ򣬾͸оһִִֵֵԽԽǿѾӰ쵽ҵٶȡ˵ʱЩǡ


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ҲһݳĹҲкܶ©Բòݿݡ
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650 ɱ
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651 ŵСѧ
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֪ʲôѾ˵ˣֵǱҲ˲μ˿ˣǸ˵ĺӣ츳˳ɼҪ90֡Ժ˵ɼֻҪĻβ50֣϶ͨдԣѧԺֱмѧѾǺѡ֮һ
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658 ҶûзӦͽˣ
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үӿܾıӰ۵ᣬһ˲ţ˵壬ֹ治֪ѧԺôġѧԺȻΪôţ֪˶ࡣС棬ûдӦǶԵģԺѧԺ֮ѧ֮ҪѧϰྺӦþṩһ


659 ͻǰ׼
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661 
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662 
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Цһȴǲˣǿ˻ʺϬţʡ
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Զƽ浤ǿߣ϶Թܷ˵زսĵطڳ֮㡣һսʤң˴ҵŲ׷ǰУǾ͹ԹԽܳͷȻҲѡߣĺǣұնɱ㡣
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ҲҲ̲סЦ
񲻹ǵסһνȻ˵Ĵ󻰣治֪š
ΪĲ̫ǿֵܵʲôʱ򣿡
ƽĹӵĿֲϣֵܵסȻʱкϷˡ
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һԾʮɣһĲӰд̶磬ҶɱһƬƬġ
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΢΢ҡͷ˫ִȭӰ˸תһݡ
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668 ˳
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Щվ˽ң㾡ܷģһϸ߹ִ˵ߣѹߡԺҲԸѧԺһĺڿƼ棬ҽơĻȷ棬һҪѧԺİ
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Դײˡ
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680 ҿ˼ٵ
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˴ƺɾΧﻨ㣬ԱСˮԶ滨ĺޡ
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˪ѧôˣҶİ֣Щ⣬ҲûôѰֻҪֱģͨͦ׵ġ
˪ѧɫƺھʲô鲻Ը뿪롣
Ĳᶨɵڡ˵ţָ
þ֮С
˪˿ߣĿ⾹Ȼһִ͸õþãվʵҲվǲҸ뿪ˡ
۾һһգþʧ
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ϾƷɸܱ֤һͨƷɸҲֻֻܿвһٸˣŻƷɸв¼
ԣһֱԵ˵ʱ򣬾ȻҲųһƷɸƷɸ
ת۵Ҧܣӵ֮壬֪ԳʲôƷ׵ɸ
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ǰӵɸԺȫлΪܭǵ洫ӡ
̸ţҦܳĽ
ȴǺǺˣΪƷɸأû뵽ܭô洫ӣȻһӵмƷɸҲ⣬ܭŽ̷յӣȵҪʮ˿ܶȲҲкüʮˡ
ô֮ռʮƷɸĵӣȷûôѡ
ҲǣԺ泯ȫʮ˿棬ҲְܳʮS+츳ġ
ȻҲȫԵʯĲԡ
Եʯ϶޷ԺȨȣȻֱӾͻʾҦ֮ܵˡ
ҦΪõħѾԪת֮ȻֻԪΪս浤ߣΪ¡
Ҧֳ֮ƷʮƷģֻĸѧԺѧ
תֵ˪Ҷİ;ˡ
֪Ҫ˵ҪȻȵԵʱ򣬹Ƹᾪˡ


682 ԺȨͻ
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̲סȻɷԲиոҦܲԵ֮ˡ
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˪ûбֳ̫ĳԾ˵һߡ
ǰS츳ӵ֮壬ں飬츳ѾܽӽS+
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ƷɸǲǳԽƷ׵˼
ҵ찡ԺǲܳΪ洫ӣ
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֪شѶɡ
Ǳ뵽һߣŵӶޱȡ
˲ϣôһгƷɸ1ˣƷɸ5ˣƷɸ17ˣƷɸ56ˡ
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683 ȡؼ
ʵǲ˽ܭǵڲˡ
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츳ٺõĵӣҲ޷õеһͬʡ
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ǰסŵӶȺӵĴԺһ䰤һ䣬˽ԡŵӾ΢һ㣬ԼĵסܳΪ洫ӣǾˣֱӾӵһСɽ塣ˣΪЩСɽλɽӯ֮洫ԴеŵӡŵΪס
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ΪԼͦ磬û뵽ȴһ
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ǺǺǣû뵽֣ôġ
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ǰ˰֣оϡ
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ӵһſʼ𣬹ȻؼǾԼֶдһ
ֻǰӣⱾؼͱǸȫ͸ȻԺ
ȥǸ֪ƣ롣
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ӰһǻصѧԺ
һЩؼȫĬдֽ档
ԲԲʦԺÿ糿һˣдЩؼװɲᣬŵѧԺͼݡ
õԺ
ڶ죬Ǽؼ
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684 ֱʮ
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ջ̫ˣѳֲס
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ϷţǾ漱ٵϡ

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698 ᧿Σ
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Ǻ֣ǲ˱ܭǡһ޵ףžͿһޱǿƱӳȥ˶ΧĴֲĴ֮סˣƶһ¶֡
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699 
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ܭǵ˹ʺˣȻǿߡ׹һ԰ףڲ
ټŽ˱仯ǵϢȻʧˡŷٹһ𾪣š
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700 
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ʱѾп಻طһͻƵɾ磬ʵԲ
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701 ׺
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702 ƸŮ
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703 ȥ壿
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磬浤ǿǶ಻ʤ
֮ϵ񾳽磬Ǿࡣ
񾳽ǿߣñĻʼĴڣʵҲ¾˾żʵ
ֻʵ绹Ž̷磬磬ħʵڶ࣬ҲǶ಻һаĴڣ粻߱ġ
˵ģܰѰ͸ѧһɷҪмֵ
ǻ˵ʲôȮȴѾȥˣֱӾǶ˹
ҲǺˣԹɣ
ȮǺ֮еļǿ֮һӵž˵ҽʩչྪ˵ʽ˹Ļϵ˵Ƶģ˹Ҳ
Ǿһȭɾ޴֮ȭǡ
лɽһƣһЦȴ͵Ҳһȭ
һȭȥֱγһ޴磬еҽȫȥ֮ϣҾҲǷ׷ױϡຣʿ˺Уǲٵߣ˿Ҳɫ󾪣׷׺˼֮Զ
Ƿϵ
Ȯоһɾ޴ϣײʮ³ǽͣ
ܣ˲ѻȸ
˶𾪵Ŀǣȫŵӡ
һȭһλ󽫺˳ȥһ˾˵ĺ
ߣޱǿߣһλиǰ˺ݣͺŸɵģǺǸ
ǣл֣ܳ׺ˡ׺ӴЦԵúǸˡ
ǺЦһˡ
֮У˶Ҷˡ
ֱ֮Ӷһں˵һӣŹô
õͶ
ȮȻΪһҽǣһ̵ûʵ塣
ǸոûʹðΪҽ̬Ǿûа취ˡ
ֻô
ЦЩߣ²⡣
˶ħʵתΪһ̬ꡢȴ仯
ֻҪֱ꣬һҽʵ壬Ҳ޷սʤġ
Ȼ򵥵һְ취Ǿֱúˮ
߶ܴˮȻͻɥʧħʵ
˫ִӡҲɷħʩչһм
غ
Բݼʮ﷽ԲĺˮˣԴݻٵ;
ϣľҡһ
ȻĺʿͿмʮɸߵľˣǵĳȮ˿˴ˣ̫Сˡ
ܰǺŭˡ
⡭ô
ܲҪˮûˣǵǵʲôĴڡ
ĴӣĺҲסˣȴȡж
ֻϺȻһںУĺˮסˡ
Ǻ⣬֪ǺԪ˧֮սˡ
ĺˮȥܲһƬ
Ȯˮʮ֮⣬ޱȵǱ˿չ¶˾˵ɱ⡣
һȴٻһѳ˵ŹЩڻ˭Ըӵģ
ٺȭͷһ衣
䣬˹֮սһȻ˹ΪܾƽϢսˡ
һŭǾȻ·ɣϵλ壬ȾȰ˹
ȥ壿ǲûһͷˤȥ


704 µı
·ʵ̫˼ˡ
ǿ·۵Сз緶ģڣ˹ˡ
Ǻ׾°˹ȮǴһ亣λ󽫣˭ɱ˰˹ɱ˴ˣߵ
һ⻰˶Ķˡ
ǲҵ飬˰˹ٶȿǡ
ʱӥ׻˵ľ޽նǣ޴Ľֱӷֿ˺ˮ
һǿĽһżǿˡ
ӥ׻˾߼ϵʵ亣棬ʵҲһġ
ڶѾżɶֻһ֮ңͨһǿߣһĶ֡ӥ׻˾ǿҲսʤ

ĽһնֻĽӰն׻ˡ
һǸоһնһ
׻˱࣬Ѹٵĺˡ
ǸţͿˮǵĽ͸ֱγһУＸס
ΪʲôҪң
ǿ׻ˣԷѾ˺˼ס
ֻǿó˽һսĲϣĽȻֽƽδ׻˵Щ
ҲǲضãΪ𾪡
ôٽһ˵ţȻһָ죬ֻȻԲʮۼơ
׵ڷߡ
һɾ޴ѹ䣬·ڳͷˡ
ն
ǵͺһͿЯһΧ׻Χףȫ׵硣
޿ɶ㣬Ǳеһ
׻˴ʱеһһֻĸоһô
Լ嵶ֵȫ޲
ĽЯ׵ֱ֮Ӻ˺ˮ֮С
׵ȥ׻վںϵһľ棬嵶ֱ˼أѪ
ʱŹ㡣
ǵƳһ׻ˣĻҲֻ׻ˡ
亣֮һӥ׻ˣˡиʿʱŷӦ
ⲻӵеǷ磬ˮףܷУûͬʱӵֶħʵи˴ҡ
飬Ǻ顣ͻֱӴһຣˣеĸѾǹˡ
˼ǿ˰˹Աߵļλн˿̶ڲϵغˣ˵һ䣬˭ҪٲһӣҶˡ
Ȯ͵شһȴһȭ˰˹
Ȼʱ򣬻ɱ˰˹
ǷŭҵĻЦ˲ɣ
ǵʶһһֱӾ˳ȮԺ
Ȼ䣬Ȯͣ˿Уã
һָһټŽ˳ǴȻԽԽֱӻظԭ״
֮Уһɫӡۡ
ͣ
һ̴˳Ȯ壬ټŵɷͬʱꡣ
󽫳Ȯ
˵Ŀⶼһ̣˳ȮϺˣ
Ǵûз鰡
ҪӮôȻǺʱ
ĺĺȴһ㶷־
Ԫ˧֮սɫأľˣΪǿսȻǵĲ֮
ߣвӵôУһɱһ
в˵ָһ㣬˹ú¥ʯˡ
˹ػɡ
·һѱס˰˹ϲ
ϣ˵ĿⶼϣֻҾ˹ԮֻΪ˻׺ӵ飬ԼҪˡ
ס㶼Ѻܲˣ⻹¡
ǿ˺ŮۣԼˣǩԼ飬߰ɣ
һԼ͵˺ŮУ˻֪ô¡
ŮסòϣѾǵķסˡ
Щԡ
ǻΪŮʲôģģ뿪֮а취֤ǾߺŲֺܵ
ŮչԼ飬֪ǩԼʲô鷢ȥ˵ѧԺ
ǲảŮˣ˵˵ˡ
һȺȵĺҲӦҲЩɰĺһЩ
ǳ˼һ£ǳƺΪ飬ʵҲδɣΪҵȷˡǵ֮⣬һ磬һǿ磬ͨҽЧº޽ܣããĴ棬³İ취ǲǺĶǲ볤ǾȥѰҰɣ
˲䣬ܲǺ䶯ˡ
ĺƺµ룬޽µĲƱʲôһȫֵһᡣ


705 ֮½Ӵ
û˭ϲ⼸ÿ˵롣
ǵһ仰ȼÿһÿһѪ
ϲ޽ܵĲƸܣǻʲô
ǿ澲ŵȺʢЦͰɣǣҵıس֮Ϊ֮飬Ͳ磬˭õ˭Ϊ˭
ˣֱǷˡ
֮ҵģҪ
磬Ҫǰ磬гԱǣ
ĺǹĶǼ̺޽֮һεķ
֮УȻ˴һرֱ죡
ʱſԭֱ˹ĵ绰滹ûйرա
أ˴˿̶˳š
Ȼ˷˷׷תΪ˺
Ҫ
ΪҪΪǿĺ
һںʱں޽֮󣬸Ӿ޴ĺʱˣʱԳ֮֮ʱ
ͨ˷׷ӿһ޼ʵĴ󺣡
΢΢һЦ˫ֺȻһӡ
ԽԽǿǿһֲ˼ĵزȻһɫĲӡ
֮飡
õһҪ
ҪʲôھҪ֮ô
˵Ŀ֮УǺȻ˫һӡ
ֻ󺣷ֿ׶ϡɼֶξĻʼһ𣬶һ
ּ䣬׺ɣ
ⲻ񣬻ʲôǿǿһʽ˵һ㶼Ϊ
ʮǧĹӳȥͬʱʮ˷
һĽһ֮ҳ
ȥظģһʮҳ¼˳ɵķνޱȡ
һƬƬĽԶ֪ܷɵԶĵطǼǧҲǼǼʮ
ĺμסһ򣬿ȴô
ǰ硣
ʱˣõ֮
֮鲻䵽ɣ
ƺҲЩɻ󣬶ʱǵ֮ҳˮ֣飬նϣǧȥȻո
ĺ˿ҲûκεĹ˼ɣǷ׷׿ʼж
ۺܲߣһȺǸо˾޴ΣͳνΪ췢飬һ겻
Զ췢˹Σ龹Ȼˣˡ
ĴϣബԱһ顣
ô
֮飬ǺһҪõ֮顣
綼Ϊ췢ںʢ硣
췢˹˵ͷǰ磬Ѱ֮顣
һУ͸оŮ۲źǩԼ飺߰ɣˣ뿪һ硣
ǣԺ
˵ĺȻƮɶһǵߡ
ǿ˿ߺϱߣͬʱʶһƪ˲šɣǺͲš³£ǺȻոµ֮ǰҳݡ
ݱˣ磡
ǺͺŮ۵Ӱһ˾ʧ硣
һټûУຣߺ顣
ѧԺ֮УǺͺ˺Ȼִ֣ڵļѧסˣȫĲš
Ժ
Ժ
ǵ˵ͷߵλǺˣԺ磬ԺѧԺ½ӴǿԳƺΪСʦ
Сʦã
СʦƯȶ涼Ư
ѧô佱Լ˹һЦҵױȵģ۹⡣
ѧͬЦŮ۹Ȼһ
Ǵźҵ˳ԲԲ½ӴԲԲԲλĸо
û취Ůʵ˼
˵ǵ濪ʼӹԲԲһºˣСʦѧԺĽӴȨɲСʦǵıˣȫнӴһҪΪע⣬ѧԺǸʥĵطǸĵطΪӴһҪóԼƣҪֳһ߰һκ˶мһ˵ӡ
Ҳһֱô˵˵š
ԲԲס
λͬѧ¼ȡ֪ͨʵҵǰô˺ӣǿ׳죬ָһֱмơ
ðɣһýӴġԲԲѾѧԺԺҪһܵĴˡ
ǵ˽ϣԼػذ칫ˡ
ȥ磬Ƹʦˣû뵽ֻһŮۡ
ˣʵûá
Ǹӥ׻˵ǲϧͻȻǳ֣ʵûʱȸɡ
ˣ׺ӵҲԣϧǲǺҪ
֮⣬еջǺŮ۵һˣǰɫ


706 Ժֱ
ŮΪ磬ΪӵаɫˣʵǺǿġ
ǵԼ飬ԻǩԼ˵ѧȻҲǻ˺Ů۵İɫ
Ȼʵһ
оһ£ɫȻһ־˵꼼ܡ
ͨͷһǿѹСĶη壬ֱӻʹȥ
·ʹðɫһӸɷˣ
ƵǣȻ˰ɫȴ޷ڸˡ
ΪǺеĶ뺣磬ѵƺں磬һܴ߻ӡ
һⷨɵģ޷͡
ʹ˰ɫôСԺʵǿ˵һɫֱܸɷһȺ񾳽ǿߡ
˰ɫ֮⣬װɫͼɫ
ְҲ˲ãмɫܸܵһϢӶжϳһĶļɫʹߣԷװɫ˵ķ翴ĿףݻΪһЩ翲ʵ塣
ְͬҲҪںá
ȫ˺Ů۵ְҲǽҡ
һУȴǰѴӺŮϻõʵεˣȻҪһϽ֣ԵǧŮȻȻǲûзöħʵҲη庣ˮͬǿҲ뺺ž޴Ĳࡣ
ɶʱѧԺʱһԼĸǵҲ
ΪͻƵżҪΪɾ׼Щ
֮ǰ뿴Ž̷ؼȻʹݿݳԼĺ
еģ̫ӳٵǡ
ȻǿҪͻƵɾʱ򣬲Ż顣
һֱŽ̷磬ǵջԽԽ󣬶ڹŽ̷磬Ů洴ƺҲû鷳
ȥ˰꣬ǲŰѹŽ̷Ĳ㡢Լؼȫꡣ
µһ죬ǻصѧԺ
ؼһˣϾѾܾûлȥһ¸ĸˡ
ԺȥǿһˣǾȻǳԲԲҴҵĴѧԺ߳
ԺһæԲԲߴٵ
ʲô֣ףװ֣ôִ˹װ
ԺֱֱءԲԲ˷ܵҵķпˣɡ
ȥͦ³ôķ𡣡ȻʦǶϢѧԺҲʦǵ˽ǳԲԲֱǰ׵ĲᣬƺܸɳһЩϵ飬ñ֮ǰдǱԽԲԲ
ʱѣҿûеԲԲ֤
Ҫ˵˹Ҳ׿˵ʱһȡˣ˵˵Ұʲôæɣʵ
ģǸֱٷƳһ˵ѡںһ˾ѡǸݻõġұǸļһﷴˣԺˡԲԲ
Ҫҳ棬ֱӰСʦקȥһ࣬ÿ˶ˢЦ
ôУСʦ̫ҪһϾԺ˭ҡԲԲļƵ
ʲôãε̯̯֣Ҳﲻ˳ԲԲæ
ȻǸˢ˰ԺǮһߣ׼ܻƽ̨ʱַӸſǸҺһĻ쵰ԲԲһȻ˵ûκεľú
Ǻǣʵǲ֪ô˵ˣԲԲʦˣҪ˱ӵġ
Ժ㵽װﲻɣԲԲˣӡ
ҿĶ˭˵泬ˣѵһ㻹Ưӣǲ²
ʲôӣǾһԻǼһÿֱԶҾȻ塣ԲԲЩܻ
Ҳֱܳ㣿һĲš
ƾųԶȾֱƽ̨ǰԲԲԼţǴڵˡ
ѵԵĶͱ˲һֻ뵽һֿܣȻܳҲ˹ۿɡ
ȫƽСʱ˿ʮôĶӵôʢģһ㶼֣Ǽ˹ԲԲòóϣĶʵһܱ̬ļһ
ȥôܳԣҲǾˡ
˵ңһԡ
ǿǸԻֱ䣬ֱֻı⣬ȻдֱԶʮ볦ۡ
⡭⻹ô
ǿʢų۵Ĵ룬һʱͱˣƺһ˲õĴڡ


707 һ
ֱ棬˿Ѿﵽ˿
ֱĻڷɡ
ڻϣһôӢҲͿӣӱһ룬һڿڵĳš
Ȼûô˵ǿԶǹɺˬȻѪڵĸо
û취һ̫ܳˣڶʮ볦ۣȻʮ롣
ϸȻһ£ʮ볦ҪǵһͰһͰһ˵ĶӶûô󰡣
磬ͣҪܳʮ룬Ҹˢʮ
Ҳˢ
ţƣȫƽ̨ţơ
磬ûаѼ
˷ԣһۣҲˡ
ԲԲҲȥԺǽϲģǱ߻ҶţҪٲȥϷ۾͵ˡҲˣˢߣҵֱֽԲԲԡ
ҪЦˡ
ԲԲʲôֱһŮ֪ʶˡ
û취ô˵ԲԲҲѧԺʦҲǹȽŬȻˣԺôҲҪʾһ¡ˢôǵǮֶꡣҪΪӵѧԺʲٷ֮һķݶҲԺĹˡ
ҪСٷ֮һֻƼһڣٷ֮һǼڡ
ϧǺлǮĵطпǮˣ󲿷ֵĶ˸ĸ˪Ͷʡ
пＸڻеġ
ˢһȥǧ򣬸ֵһô
עһ˺ţȻǳֵʲôֱƽ̨һֵһ
ػسֵʮΣǴչһǧ
ҵ˳ԲԲֱ䣬ǿԲԲڻɫ˵һЩʮ˵Ļ⣬˿еر𼤶еȴǲϵˢɫҪ֮
Щˢ
ֱĻĿʼͣϧһҲٿǮˢһٸˣҲ顣
һֱͣĵ㣬ֱ˶ɵˡ
ȥڵһǸֱ䣬иڷˢ
Ǯ˰һһǧˡ
ڵĵȼ쵽ƽˡ
ڼ϶Ƿˡ
Ȼǵٶ˼ڡ
⻹ڳԲԲֱǱȲǸԻǼˢȥǳԻӦò˶೤ʱ䡣
ȥˡ
ֱͻˡ
ͻȻƯ
Ķ˺úߣҰְֳϲ
ڼ֮ܿµʯȼƽ̨Ҳڷëˡ
ԲԲＤԺԺǮȻǶĻꡣȻԺôҲҪĶȡܲһٳ˿ء
ڣ˿Ȼﵽʮ
˿Ŀÿٶӡ
ǵķ˿ֵﵽһĿ֮󣬺Ȼƽ̨һƮ졣
ص磬ϲԺΪߣ
ô̵һ仰ȴɵˡ
ߣߵˡ
һߣҼߡ
ҵĸ磬
ǿһĤˣúȤ
룬ֱڼһ䣺ֱĲ˳ҲûȤʶһ£
һ£ֱ䶼סˡ
ͣˢ֮˵ĵһ仰䶼仰ؼ仰Ҳ̫ˡ
öһƮ졣
ˢһǧѵʶһ
ҼţƵ
Ǯ˵磬Ĳ
ĽʺްΪʲôûҡ
ԲԲһЦõģԺ˼ұ֤浽
ԲԲʲô˵
룬ȻӦԲԲѾɣɴ˵ԣȻɽˡ
뿪ֵķ˿Щɨˣֱڳ࣬Ͼܼ֤һߵĵһʢ¡ʱ򣬳ԲԲֱڳ򣬶Ҳֱƽ̨ʷߵ¼ˡ
ɽ·ϣϵһСͯæһԲԲǸԻʲôˣס
ص֮󣬸ĸѾϢˡ
ǻصԼķ䣬ûдŵĸ
ʵȻѧԺԺ֪ĸɽеˣûм
Ǽҵݣһ˽Ĳ֪࣬ǼɽУеСǮҪҲǵĸĸ鷳
Щ˾͸˵ˣѧԺԺ֪
µһ죬ͣĸ֪Ҳˡ
һ˾һڣѵõĻʱ⡣


708 Ի
ԺһǵĸҲԪ߼ľ磬ʮ˲á
ĸ׾ͲһЩֻԪ
棬ǸĸʢһԼһ糿ࡣ
裬ȵ㣬һ塣ǵ
áɶ룬ֱӰڡ
ĸǳĶǸճһ㣬ڵСǣǰǸϼҾǧ·ͽѧУô˵ڶĲˣصسȥ˳ѧУʲôģ˵Ҫȥô
֪ĸϼˣϾǼҵĴ󲿷˶
֪⣬϶Ϊ˵ʱ䣬ǱȥˣȻϼ֪ǼǮˣǡ˵ˣǼҼԶݵСɽѧʱҪ鷳һ¡
̲סЦҲǲܻȥֻҪʦھͺáɣȹпˣһȥ
ĸȻûпǣȻ֮á
ĸ׸ֵСǣ㶼ôˣڶʮˣҲýˡвѻңɶʱ飬вܶء
ǿЦãõϵͳڶѾа˾ˣʮǶ١
ŵǰͲ飬ͱ˻ˡ
ǳ˼һ£ε裬ҽ黹磬Ҫȱϱ˪ǾôͰϱˡ
ĸ׵һЦ㲻˵Ҳûаˡ
һǳ˷ʰ꣬Ǳ߾ܻ˹ˡ
׾⼸ķչƹ˾ƶ£˵ǽ١
˵ģܻѾӦõиҵĽͨԴҽҩ췽棬Ҳ˳Ľ˵ĽǱ߶зһֱȷɻҪٺͰȫĽͨߣһֻɵĳӣǿǵҵĹʱûƳ
еľɴˣĿǰ˵Ѿβ׶Ρ
棬еѵѾͻơ
ؼ㲿ҲӦĹ˾ҵԷɳɹԺȫ졣
ĿƼչ٣ҲûڹܵٵĵӡҶовԾӵѾԼİλ䡣ȻİԼоɹչֳƻĶȡΪµİ
һ棬ǾЩҵ쵼ˣ̡
ǻķչô죬ڻĻûܽǼʱ֮ǰҲұ¶̫ࡣȻҪս군ˣҲһ군Եɶʱ򣬻ܲǼʱ򣬲ܵƣʱûκιˡ
صѧԺҪȥһǸԻϡ
صѧԺŮۺȣһȻԵõӡ
ԱߣԲԲҲڣڵĳԲԲȦأƺܲˡ
ôˣԲԲʦǳǸԻôֱʵЩ⡣
ˣ챾úõأ˭֪쵽ʱֱ䱻˸ˡԲԲޱȣ֪ĸ쵰ٱģ˵ɫֱƽ̨Ҹˡ
ۣ̲סЦеԲԲΪʲôˣҪܸŹ֡
ԺѧԺʲô£ԲԲʵ
СͯһǸԻϣȡһ¡
ԺǲҲǸԻٱңҲôġҵϣֱɱңúýѵһ١ԲԲʱ£˷ܵվ
ˣֻǻԻ츳ԴȥǼæ͵
ҲǣôܳԣͲ࣬츳ԲԲǱǻ϶ԺҪȥܴܲһҲȥǸһ
ҲǲСνֻҪȡϣڵĵطǲ뿪ѧԺķΧ֮ڡ
õģԺԲԲӦ
ܿ죬ȡ˼ֽ
СͯнʾԻ׳ʮ꣬һƫԶɽĴСΪǮʵǸԵģ֪˭ܣ˵ֻҪо׬ǮӴ˿˷ҵ
⻹һͦ˼飬ƺиŮϲ׳Ϊ˸Ůϧͼѡ
ڰ׳ڵڵأʵǶУȻǳԲԲȥĵط
ôȥô
ԡ
ǵڶУȥٻأٶȿĻϾܻ
ɾʱԱߵĺŮۺ˻ڵԺҲȥô
һЩɻĿ˿ˣôŮҲͲסįˣ
΢΢һЦȥ䣬˵ͦ
ǵ˵ͷǺãһȥɣ


709 ֮
ԲԲͺǴӦܸˡ
ԲԲãŮʵ̫ˣҪһò
Ů׼ã˾ͳˡ
ǿնеģǵҲɴֱһӺϹȥˡ
ˣһСʱ͵˶С
ڵʱǰ˵࣬ŵ㣬ܲϰ廹ϰ·ϡ
ǰСͯдĵַܿͽһƾСʾ׳Сⷿס
׳ţһ˵ʮ򣬾ȻסĵطԲԲӵ
и˵ĻҲпԵġǵ˵ţ׳ÿϢ϶Ѿˣ˿ӦԱߵİӵ԰ӡ
Ŀ֮һ·ߵİӵɼ
ǴŮ˹ȥִ˿̰ӵֻһˣԣѾʮ
ϸǰһʮ񲻾ʮ
ٿڴõӣһװңƤڣ¶Űӣܺ
һԲԲƺŭδȥֵĳ嶯
ҡǵѵ
˵ʱ򣬰׳˰ӵϰ壺壬컹жûİӣȫҪˡ
ԲԲߵ̬ϳ˶ʮ볦ۣ糿ܳôӣһѵǶת
ЦЦʶһɨ츳漴
ǰ˰׳Ϣ
׳
䣺24
츳S+
ϵͳ飺֮壬ʳκζתΪ
ǿЩϢ̲ס¶˾ϲ飺Ȼʵģ֮忴Ϊ˲ãκζתΪԺȫôɵܸߵľ硣Ҳ͵ͨΪʲôôܳˣԭǳԵжתֻǿϧڲκЩתȫ˷ˡ
ôԺ
ԲԲѯʵǵɫЩԣƺЩˡ
S+츳нѧԺ
ֵӦûؼңǻҵɣ
һţû˵ע⡣
׳˶ʮӣʩʩȻ뿪ˡ
ôôܳأ׳ߵʱֹţԼҪļȥܳԸ࣬ô˵Ҳǰ뱥ˣؼ׼һ£ϼֱڴһʮܰ˸£һǧˡֻҪһǧҲûɷһˡ
˻صԼס׳һžɵˡ
ھȻˣһڿ飬Ůģһĵԣһĵ
˭׳һתܣһֱǼˡ
Ҫţǲûж⡣˵ţһӣһס˰׳ɣҪ˵飬ܻ߸ۡ
ԺҰɣԲԲҲӴģʱȻǵʲá
ãǵ˵ͷ
׳ǰɣѧԺѧֱӺ˵ɣ˴ˣпܱѧԺ¼ȡΪһǿߡһѯһȷԺԸ㷢¼ȡ֪ͨ顣ԲԲƵ˵š
ʲôѧԺ׳ĿųԲԲԼ˴֯
ȲҪ˵ǶĿʱ䣬ʱ䣬ֻҪشУȻܿʧȥĻᡣԲԲð׳һ
ǣǣ֪ˡ׳Щսսģٶ˵ʲô
ϼˣܹĽΣ
ϼҶɽʡ̨մ壬24꣬бҵ
ôôд򹤵ģ
үүְ̣裬һϸСΪԵ̫࣬ų򹤵ġ
ҿ治ģΪһŮŵĶС
Сһԭ򡣡
ֻһ֣
ǣǵġ
ǺãСʲô£ʲô£
ʲô£ʱҾһǧǮ㲻㡣ˣǰʮǮ죬ȴ˵񾭲
ЩëƤͱ˵ˣأ
͵ڴĺ㲻㣿
ԲԲǿˣһũɵûдƣҲûдʺѧԺͷ
ʸ飬û⡣
ˣҵֻôˡϲͨѧԺĿˣõѧԺͶʸ񡣽ҲһѧԺϸˡ
ãõġ
ųԲԲĲϽ׳ɵҲޱȡ
ʮӹȥھĵġ
ѧԺôܣ׳ųԲԲĿɿڴһ±ơ


710 Ѿ˯ˣ
ʵԺֶΣղҲˣӵʣԲôױ¼ȡˣͨѧԺСѧĿ˶⡣ԲԲôǲеȥѧԺͶԺųΪңڵˡ
˶ЦŰ׳زûеӦ
һҪһ£ҪǡҪͬ⣬ҾȥѧԺͶ׳ԥ˶ǲš
㾹ȻҪǣԲԲŭ֪֪ԸɢڼҲƣҲҪΪѧԺѧ˷ѾĻͨˣȴǱѧԺˢǣԺյĲ˵һֱ¼ȡǶˡ
ҡұ׳ЩȴǿӲ
ſڱտڶᣬҲŰɣЦЦǾ˼κһѧѧԺĴͿʲôʲôܲˣѧƷ⡣
ǵģѾ˯ˣš׳ʱȴǳǿӲ˵ˣҪ˼Ҹһ˵ĵ
Ŷԭ˯ˣĻ濪šԲԲ˼ҿǸŮ㲻һСӣ˵˼ֻǺѡ
ŲǣǸŮˣϲңҲԸһ𡣡׳϶ޱȵ˵š
ʱ򣬰׳ſˡ
һһң̷ԵúǽСŮ˽
ŮӺƯСұ񣬵ɫ԰ףƺ󲡡
ǲԾ뵽˺¥֮еһˣǾ񣺡λŮɣ
Ů̧ͷɻǣ˭ôСķ档
ԲԲʱԵЩȣҼŮ
һ죬ƺЩߡ
׳˵ʲôӦҪһ˵ݣȴһǰ׳壬λùá
׳һǿв˵ʲôˡ
ֻΪҪݡ
ǰ׳ˣʱЩţãλùúáСǰûи˵һ֪ڶС
ԲԲʱЦС⺢̫֪ʲôҲǼ˵С̸ϱۣһȻǲǼС
׳⻰βѣ䲻Ŷԣ֪֮еġ
Цˣͬʱ鿴
ᡣ
䣺23
츳A
ϵͳ飺д֮壬
ЩϢǶһѵˣһſھҵʵġֻ츳ˣԼۼһ鲻ɡ֮Ȼ˪֮壬Ȼ츳ȼͲAˡ
Ǽһ壬Ȼ֮һɼ侫ӦǴ֮
߿Ǵ֮ΪΪͨǾǶҩˡ
ӵʣʢԴС飬Ҳѹɫ԰ףд󲡡
ǳųԲԲʱҲһϡ
Ǻܶ࣬ҪΪ岻ã˵Ľ̫١ϡ棬ǻܷһǿƵŮͰ׳ȴڰ׳ϼʶģʱȥ׳Ҹɽϵĵɽʱȴ·ˡмӦʲôǰ׳ҲǸʱͰ׳˻𻨣Ҳǰ׳˵˯ˡ
ǿ̲סЦ
Ҳֺ˽࣬ĿԵŮŻϲϰ׳Ůˣͱ׳ɾˡ
ũݸͳиŮİôе˼
Ȥ˵ĿҲ˲١
ʱ򣬳ԲԲᣬôСǲʲô飿
ԥһ£ƺҪҪ˵
ԲԲ۹ⶾĺܣЦôʲô龹ȻҪŹùãС˰ɣ˫ϲˡ
ǣ̽ʮ٣Сһȥἱæ˵ΪԼ⡣
ŶԭûСԲԲƺЩʧ
ᣬְ϶ҲҪȥҿҡ׳ЩţȻȥҡ
С磬ˣ㱻ǿۣǾ˳һˡ
׳⻰̲סģ
С磬һˣҲԸһ𣬵Ҳϣõף
衭
㵽ȥȥˡ
ȥǿ϶ȥԲԲȴǲ廰ȻٳȻҪȥ˳Ҳ׮¸
ùãЩߡ
ģйùø˭Ҳ۸ǡ
ùãȥҼҵķǸǡ
СѾͷùҲһءԲԲĻתǺŮۺˣλ˼أ
ҹôǾȥǵ
ԺȥȥŮ΢΢һЦϵɴ趯


711 ҹ
ʱ䣬ȻҪΪϵ׼
ͼìܣǺҳ߲࣬ҲûʲôǮ
ڰ׳˼򼸼·㹻ˡ
ǵСᣬȥҪʲôҲȥ׼һ£ô˵Ҳܿȥɣ
׳˵ͷǱزٵġ
ԲԲˣȻвСɲҪ˵ŶȻܲҵġ
׳һæͷ
档
ԲԲǵǺ£̳ϵع
ʱǴ˼绰Ƽŵִֽܲһ£ϲˡ
Ժ㿴·ô
ÿ
Ժأ
ҪңпˣĲˣȥſڵĿȵҡ
Ȥ
ԲԲЩƣŮۺ˵ǺܿģѧԺ֮󣬻ûʲô֡
һֱһ죬Ůܸˡ
УۺƵꡣ
ǶǰľƵˣ˻ٰᡣ
ݼмҵףڶҲؼ̺˲ǰегѾʮ꣬Ȼвӡ˵һλ쵼¸ɹһٶ飬˾͸Сݼˡ
࣬ݼҵ˾ſӭˡ
ң̫ӶڣѾɼҵҲһˡ
ĸ׽һϴݼ棬ģҲһġ
Ƶڣ裬Լһùö̫
裬٣˲ٵĹֻ͡ǿϧҰȥ磬Ȼ͸ˡĶ˵š
ǸӣͲͷˡ̫˰֣ǼҵЩСأɶҪȻ̿϶е⡣
ǼҵĿ϶ǲ֪ɩλʱ˵
ӦûɣԼЩȷ
˵ɩ̫ˡҲݼǺ˼ңᾹȻһũ˽˵ʲô˼ҲޣǲӺ裬㲻֪Ϊ£ֵֿģҪʹϾŮϵҴļûԷˣڶеȦӶˣݼҶˡĶΨ²ң˵ĺܴ
ũ˾ũ˰ɣݼҲũ񡣡̫Ǻܿûпũ˵˼
裬Ǹ׳ҲͳĻʮһͰ˵֪ʶԼ룬ԺһҸôĹùÿˣ̫ΨһŮǼˣ̫ǰҲǺܵó裬ݼҵĹ˾棬һҾǱš
ųĻˮƽҲ̫ˡ̫ҡҡͷ԰׳Щʧ
أǸ׳ȻֱһֱԷжඪˡҪǼ޸Ժ󻹲ЦݼңҪŪɨءҲͼӴ׵˵ڰ׳һֱ׬ʮȴûἰ
ڵȷʵ̫ʵˡ̫ûм׳ӡѾʼ
ɩҪ㻹Ǵ绰ᣬ
ˣ͸Ҵ绰ˣ˵Ͱ׳һͬĻа׳һùá˵ǰ׳͹ùҲҪ׼ʲô񣬻ǶһЩʡ̫ʱ
裬ɱ˵̫磬ҹ˵ҲʲôͷҰɽ֮ģũ˾ͰųŪЩΪǳ˶ϡƵġЦɫڣ϶ҵϱ˵ô࣬ȡЦϴҡ
裬ггˡ̫˽ٹ⣬ƺгǿӲŹһ
ݼǮҲǲʮڵʲ
ڶ÷طӵôʲҵûһǧҲа˰١
һݼ̫̫٣гԹȷʵ⡣
Ѿ𾪡
гΪ˲ٹףƼŵĻ˹öбֿȣ϶ŵϺšһ̫̫ﻹԹף٣ɷˡ̫˵վֱߵſڡ
쵼ôԳˡгææס̫
ʲô쵼ǹȥˡгһˣ⼸·ʲô̫Цҽ컹Ҫú롣
ˣ쵼Ůɣôгûᣬݼ˶סˡ
ûУɩҵĹŮ˶ȥˡ䳰ȷҲ겻ѡ
ûûгЦˡ̫ҲΪǼҳβѡ


712 ݼҪ˰
гỹûе΢΢ЩʧҪˣһҪ˵仰
̫Щ㲻״ˣôгרΪġ
СҲ˼ֱӾʵгһʶСŮȡЦˡ
гһСãֵôѣ
гݼ˶Ĭˡ
󣬻̫УѾͷԼ̸һũޣʵò֡
г˵ͷǾʹˣ˵оϲ
ݼһͷˮ֪гװڵʲôԻ
棬˻Ĳˡ
ƣļСһ㶵ġ
ۡµϡ
ֵʮϰĳǱȱȽǣھƵͣ㹻󣬲Ȼͣ¡
ʱһ⳵ſڣ׳
ˣİֱӾŤͷ
磬ҹŮˡݶЦ
磬ˣȥӭӰŵ
ֵ֮Ҳǻ಻ԸһȻϴ󣬿Ǳ²϶Ͷ˲ϴļӣڳ⵵飬͸˵ˡ
֡塢壡Ѿ˹׳棬ʲôû˵
ߣ㻹֪һֱӾǸһɫǸ׳һǧˣôˣھ͸ҵǰŲҴȡ
ҡа˸¾ˣһȢġ׳ȻǶȴԼļ֡
Ƶ棬Ѿ֪׳ˡ
κȦ棬ȱԵˡ
˵ôݼҵǸŮũѹˣ⡣
ݼҪ˰
˵еģֱԷЦˡ
ģһֱأرܳԣʷϵһͰ
ʲôһ˵ҲͳĻһäݼôҲǰңҪǼҵĹŮ޸ˣݼҵҪ⡣
˵ˣö˶ȥˣҲȥݼҵŮѡ
г̫죬˳ߣô£ʱгæ߽гĶ˽˼䡣
г۾ԽԽˢһӾվ̫˵ˣҪҲһȥ
̫ΣгǷȥɣֻܵ˵ͷ
г̫Ӧ첽ȥؼǲ첻а˵ͷʵ̫ˡ
Ծģг뵽Ƽִֽܲ飬ǵֽϡڵ绰˵ģгǼСүСүһλλùöȥ˶УǧҪдˣȻʵڲұ֤仧ڶС
ƼǶôӴҵֻҪܱסƼŵĴȣ˵ԺʡǽĶпܡ
ҪҲΪƼŵıӰӰʵ̫󣬹ΪƼţѾʮεһЩߣƼ˭ȻǸաƼŵֽܲ˵гԾؾΪ˿ܾƼűˡ
ſڣ׳Ĵܲ
ߺȣֱô׬Ǯˡݶ˵ţ磬һŮŶþ͸׬һǧƸ񡣡
˭˵ǣǰҲǻ˺ü׬ôǮҲ
ˡһɫѿȻˣ׳ﲻĵطݼҲܸʵģ߰ɣ
˵ֻҪ׬һǧͻ޸ҵġ׳ڼ֡
ֱ׬һǧ򣬻ֱԷӲݼҶô±˲֪ŮһͰһä԰ɣһŭ˵ǲܵģݼҶǸˡ
Ҵ˵öԣɣݶ
⣬ǿЦ䡣
֣㡭۸ˡᶼˣʱôԹ
ᣬҡ׳ȭͷҲһŭ
ɾʱԶȻ˼ѡ
˷׷ÿһ·ֻʮʻ
һۼ⣬ʧ磬쿴ЩʲôҸооֵǮ
λйӣҲһһҲʶڶ͵ֱ˹˹ֿϣһȫģ˵ҲǼֵǧǺĶʮҲڰǡʥЩӶֵ˰ɣ
ʱԱߵľƵ꾭ڵһʶƼź͹Һзĳͣյ磬õǴܣվ˵˹˹һǧȫԱͺոһٱұȱԴأν񳵣ҲһδֻΪɱ̫ߣۼ۶ڻһֱûƳĿǰеļһǹ쵼˵ݣȴǲö֪ܿˣڻҲûмˡǶУˡ


713 鷴ת
г̫Ҳһڶܿˣǻû
̫гȴֹһˣƼִֽܲ˵ĴƼƶߡǷŵ룬ⶼ쵼˶Ҫӭˣҳӭ⼸ʲôǲ֪ݼҺεºܣȻȻݡ
Ż򿪣һûǵڶˡ
ǳԲԲųȹͷ̬
۾һľŮڶҲƽ
³󣬳ԲԲ첽˰׳Ȼһ˶ԾĶһšס˰׳Ķ䣬ŭСŹùã˭ôġùˣ㿴ڱ˼˰ɣǼ㶪ˡ
׳˿ѾĿɿڴҽǰʵ
Ҳţǰ׳ĹùôżֵƵ·ȫͰ׳һˡ
ϽҹùãȻ¶˵ĻɾͻˣùܰҲֻôˡԲԲͬʱھ׳
áùã׳µ˵
ԣСԲԲЦЦ׳ԴȻӣ˺Ǿһˡ
ȿȣſˣǻû³̺˺̺
˵Ŀ⣬ǡ
ÿһÿһޱȵţ˲һλĹ塣
壬Ҳˡ׳ЩھǸ㲻״Ҳֻܼȥˡ
Ҳôһˣ˼ô۸浱Ǽûˡǵ˵ţ񿴹ݼֵܣﶼɫ԰ףߣǰ׼ʲôݣʲôλҪţҲһŵԵģݼҵĹŮʵ䲻㡣
壬ҾϲᣬȢ׳ǿӲһٲȻϷˡ
Ҳͼ˳㣬ҲѾͬǵˣҹʵǽǻؼҡǹô˵Ҳݼҵǰ׳ݼңݼҸǣѾĿɿڴ
⵽׷ʲô
תˣ׳ļ治򵥣Ǹ˼ҡ
ϸȥݼǲ֪øˣǸÿޡ
ôоϷһᶼȺݰɣ
ʱгæ˹λүǶУǶԡǶгܵƼֽܲõίУӭǵ
ǵĵ˵ͷΪ⡣
ҵ찡гʶǡ
˭˵Ϸţ˰ɣϷгǼٵġ
ٺ٣гǼٵģǳҲǼٵġ
ѵûôгܵƼֽܲõίУƼʲôȻֽܲøǶһӰȫ򾭼õ
˴˿ζȫⷴתʵ̫ˡ
̫һٴδˣ˿Ҳţ϶ҵϱ˵ũˣ
Ķɫ԰ףѾŵĻ겻塣
ĸ֮࣬ȻȴǸһŮԺϴҪˡ
̫һʲôһӭӹ͡
ʮ̫лһǡ
Ҳλ̫ǰԸ̣ϴ˪үүף٣һϷλݼ̫̫ף٣һΣѵףһֲȾġ
Ǻ̫һкȻͿǰһĳŴˡ
һ˫ȴ˳˶ʱ¶𾪵ɫ
ȻһϮĳһ˫ױȵףǺŮۺˣڵųۣɴҲժȥˡ
˵ˣ۾ֱˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ܾĵģĿˮˣŮ˶¶ɫе顣
⺺˴ӦҪ͵ģɾȻôĺ䶯
֪Ӧɴϧ˵ʲôˡ
ϣȻ˾ɫ֮ˡгʧŴЩջˮҲǰλ֮һ
ãùã׳ΪᣬǱȱ˵ĵֿ˲١
š˵˵ͷ֮󣬱Ͱһȥ֪ô
ǣùá׳еĵ˵ͷ
ʱ೵棬Ҳ߳һ֪ʿ
˼
ҵ찡ǲǹ˶ŵŶ³ô
ȥ·ŵҲˡ
ǸǸǻſƼ
ЩһĽҳ̫˵˼ףٴʣ̫ܳĸо
̫֪˼Ҹݼӣڸ׳ļӣӡ


714 Ǵ
гҲǿļôҵУݼɶ磬̸֪ɲĿ
оǲˣ˵ֵ̫ˡ
һȺߵڣŮۺ˵ʲõĺ̫ƽλá
ǺгΣֻס
ԲԲǺᰤڵ˵ʲô׳ǻһûзӦ
ٺãǽŵТҵƬպá
٣ΨһһȪɽׯҿģɶʱһݡ
٣ԺЩеĴСҵҪЯ
٣˼ҵĵ绰룬һҪǵø˼Ҵ绰Ŷ
׳һƬϵʽֿ˿Ǽڲϳ۵Ůþ
һ˵ת䣬˶̬Ҳת˲֮䷢츲صı仯
Ůۺ˼ǵǵĽ̫һ˶ڣǾͺú˵һҼСǼ顣ҼǵãʱǼСǼе౨ݼ壬ٰСǲ̫ˡ
̫ЦѾµ׳ļ˻û뵽ôֱӣһǵô˵档
̫ݼҵļλϱҲɫѿ
ݼֵҲһоһѵͷһ
ƲСȴû뵽˵ݡº˵ֻҪԸ⣬̼ݼһҷǶеľöҪ˥˼ʮꡣŮʮ㣬ʮֵǿƣò˶ɪɪһӲסˡ
ݼҹۿ˵ˣǻǸ̫ȻӺȵڱҪȡǰλԭ²С
ݼֵޱȣʵǸ
ݼҵλϱݼҵһλùã˿Ҳǲ֪ΰˡ
ǴҲǱӦ
ݣ˵ҵǸҳ裬Ҷɡ
˼ҲҪݼҵһ̬ȣȻ˼ôһ壬˭۸ˡ
ݼҲԸҪ΢԰׳̬Ⱥõ㣬ƽһˡ
̫вһҧҧСҴˣҸǸ
׳һһæס
ݶҲǷ׷׵ǸȻݼҵλϱλùҲ˵˼ĵĻ
Ůۿ˿ǣ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ֪ôˣСԭǣ
׳ȻͷһԵ˶̲סкãް׳ȡ
Ůһ̣ӺȻˣǴ¾ʹ˽ӹҲǵ˵ˡ
ݼɴ⣬ոոһ亹
ʱҵ˿ڵĻ᣺ȥĶȥˣȻСͶϣǽţҲǵ¶֪̫Σ
̫Ųԣ԰׳ӡ󲻺ãڿ׳˼ΪҺʵвӦʵĵǵ˵ݼҸˡ֪׳ļﶼʲôˣںδȻˣٲҪȥһˡ
Ҳϸƺ̽һ°׳ܡ
гҲһ䶼
֪̫ôʣ΢΢һЦʵǼ붫вԶںͶͬɽСﻹвٵֵܽãҵ鲼أƼֻ֮һȻǼ飬Щ漰ܣҲ͸¶׳ǼֱϵӵܣԺڼǴпΪġ
ȻûУѧԺһ
׳ӵ֮壬S+츳ԺѧԺԻŹʡ
̫ǵĻ쳣˵ģֻһƼž㹻ݼˡ
ݼǱˡ
Ժ󶫺жҪݼҵɫˣݼһŮ
ĽĴĺš
Ľʱ濪ʼ˳ֺˡڣ˾óٺõĺҲȻʧɫ
ûɶö͵ģԼֻһѡԲԲЦŵȥ
̫ࣿһֻ滭ĺȻһɺͼҲǼģһ۾ͿЩʦһ
ûǺûгҲǿˣ̲סǽкͬʱĽܵõԲԲֻĵ࣬ԺȫԵһ顣
һҶɾ⡣ϹأҶȸ˪үүĲһΡ
Ҷ̫סȻҲȲ裬ͲҶǲ̫òˡ
ɲ裡һۼ⣬ѾǰɽУϺΪ˲贫ķз˵˳ʮ򣬶򲻵˲һˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ̫סҲɫ΢䣬ɲϲȦݳ޵Ķˡ


715 ϲǶ¼ȡ
ЦЦǲΪ⣺һҶѣǼ廹ǡȥЩɲ裬ʵҲǼͳȥġ
̫⻰Խ𾪡
͸˲ҶãܰѲҶ͵Ϻ׳ڵļ嵽׸ʲôĴڡ
ͨ죬򲻿ɵĴڣݼҵĹŮļ壬Ժݼҵķչ֪еļ嶼Ҫݼҡ
гҲһв²⣬˿̵㵭
ŮˣʵŮûʲô͵ĶȴΪ׼һ׹
׹ɲͨĶɽǶԿԸƷȻɽ磬˵׹ԶûֿʵԸܣȴҲźǿĻЧһķ׹ȥҲһ壬ҲǸݼҵĶˡ
þĵ׹ƺһ̫ȣȴҲЩ⡣
ͳȥĶǹô򵥡Ժ˵˵׹ļֵԵֵݼҵвҵҪࡣŮ۵˵ţȴ˶𾪣Ȼֻ֪⻹Ů˵ˣ׹ֵֹݼҵвҵʮݼҶˡ
׹ôأôܣ
ҵ찡ݼҵĲҵҲнʮڣ˵׹ֵʮڡ
ôصĲҶóˣ˼ûе˵ٻ׹Բ򵥡
̫֮࣬һ׹ƺЩŮ۵˼ˣᣬ̽軨׷׹͸ˡ
һҪܾȴԲԲȥɣ׹Ǹġ
ͷ˿ԲԲƺҲˡ
ǰȥ̫Ӵã׹Ĳϡ
΢ɲģ̫׹΢΢İ׹⣬ﶼǿһ¡
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׹֮󣬺Ȼоӯ̣࣬ͻȻоöˡ
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׹Ǳﰡ
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׹ǽģԤ۸ġ
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߶ţ߶ţӭǳ͡гЦ˻ϯ̸˽ǧڵͶʣɶȻЩȫǵĸȻЩԸڶͶʵĿɲࡣ
ᣬȥ˰׳һҪڿһ㣬ʲôʹ绰̡̫֪ҪͰ׳ؼң
֪ˣ̡кᣬЩᡣ
ĸĸЩ˿Ҳһ
ڿɶǰῴݼҵıԺ˵Ҳˡ
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ţȥɣҲˡԲԲһ
һԶȥ̫ԼһȺ˻һ
ʱҲû˹˼ɣ׷̫ףأеĻر𽻴ݷ֮ġ
һʱ䣬ݼұֿг̫ȥߣ˳ָһ¹
棬ڿ˶ڡ
׳ЩΣҲЩţллǣ
΢΢һЦŸлȰѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨǩˣǿǰ㵱ѧԺѧųְġ
סǡǲǰ׳͹ùô
ŮʱתЦС̫ˣ׳Сô͹ùá
⻰Щѵʲô˷ӻթƭ֮ġ
ԲԲһ°ɣ
õģԺ
ԲԲʼ˵ѧԺߵ飬ѾĿɿڴ
ȫ߸֪ζ벻һ
ǣǾȻߣ
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ԲԲҲЩԺ
ϲǶ¼ȡˡ
ʱ򲹳һ䣬Ȼɲס˳ѧԺӭǣװѧǣ


716 ϵͳĽ
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ǾʱҲҪٳȥˣȫԴżֱӴͻѧԺġ
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򵥣
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˴γȥνջܴ
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ϵͳĻشǴͷš
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æôãԼȴһܲá
ͷ˯ת۾ǵ˵ڶ졣
µһһµĿʼѧԺѧѧҲ֪ˡ
ؼ׳ỹ¼ģûоѧԺˣȻҲѧǳ˺档
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ΪݣϵͳѧԺưȫ򣬸Сѧȫء
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ڷһ׶εѧԺΪйҹϵѧУҪȫ˿ǰʮĹңֱ𿪰һСѧǼ￨ƣһ޿һٿ¹ҩ衣
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ȻҲ֪ûսʿЭᣬҲͶѧԺɵĲУѧԺ츽Сѧ
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ΪϵͳҲƶһЩƻʱͲȥŽ̷ˡ
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Щʱ֣߹ʦžټĵѾˡ
֣ȵõǴڵԪķ츳һ㣬ҲԪż۷壬źܿͻƵ浤磬Ϊܭǵŵӡ
ǵ˵ͷǾһȥɣ
뵽ȺŵĵӣǾЩͷۡ
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ΪҲΪܭǷʮ꣬ڼһ״ӣԼһѧȥǶܭشԴӰǰźϾȰռ״ӡ䷳ǸɴŸƼʵĵˡ
źĺģŵ洫֮ɸѡһ£һټ˰˸ˡ
ܳʲôǣ˸һ״ӡ
Աߵ֣ЩĽϧΪϵ״ӣҲҪŵӲУʸ񣬲Ȼ϶Ҳлġ


718 ֵԽǱԽ
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ΪûжٵĹУǶ״ӣҲûôԡ
˸ѡİ˸ˣĸеȲ˵ĸŮĶŮô¡
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ĸŮ棬ѧԺѧʱͳˡ
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ûкʵѡǾѧԺѧˣ͵Ӧһºˡ
ô룬ӻҪһµġ
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촽ڵŵӷѩܭѾʮ࣬Ϊ浤ż
ǲһ̫Ϥˡ
ѩǲǹŽ̷֮еŮǣĶŮİá
ѩȻҪΪԼ״ӣûô򵥡
Ժֿ֮ܣѾ˴𰸡ѩ磬ӦûĶˡܭǣԵ׵ġΪʲôҪǱԼߣ϶ΪϵԨ׽ȻҲ̽һԼĵϸ
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ǣʦ𡣡˪ŷѩ棬ҲҶ˵ʲô
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ҡѩɫ̿֡
쵽ܭǣҾɱ㣬û˸˵ʲôûʸ̸ǵ˵š
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ܺãǻǺúõָһ·ѩûʲô
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һֺĶǿһԺȥ϶иáɫİȻ֪Ĳһ㣬ȥ֮󣬻Ҫдһϸ潻ѧԺᱻ档
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721 С
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723 ̫ǿˣȫ
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736 뺯
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ռ䷨ֲᣬǵĶѧԺųѧԺѧԺôûпռ䷨ȻϵͳľˣڽöռָҲһ˪һռ䷨ֲͲһˣԺռ䷨Ҫж١
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ãϲ徲ˡˣѧԺ˲˹㣬赽ʱúðһǣǱһƽƽ
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ˣҲȥѧԺɲ˵ĵط

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ѪѪ壬ҲеģȫڷۡԱѧԺڿļɽ棬ǧѪ裬Ҫ뿴һ£ʱҴȥѧЦЦ
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Ȼ˵ѧԺŮʦƯ
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裬ģѧԺ޶ˣŭǡһѧ͵͵ˣǿɽѧԺھŵ뿪ʼ˵ѧԺΪλ׼˲ٵĳʳ˵ģǺȵĲ趼״˵еɲ裬һ˵Ķ
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ŶԭǰɳǸСҵͳɫԺһúЯһǹҵġŵ˵˵ţޱȵĸ߰˭ݶޱȸ߹
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ܣⲻܣǹҵĹվ棬ʮԪһġŵ˴˷׷ײĿɶʱѧԺȥ뺯ˣһʮԪһģһﲻǱƭ˰ɣ


739 ɽϼ
ʮԪһţžʮԪ
뵽ܼӻôǮŪżƱ֪ĸĸ᲻
ѧԺ뺯ʵеʵƣû֡˵һ飬Ͻ뿪ȻֱӰӳȥ
ŵӣɷʣ΢̴һٶ֪ǼٵģǮ˺ǻǮӲŵһԪһ뺯ŵԼȥʮһǾʮԪŵ˾Ȼ׬ġͲˣ֪˺޲ɱ
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ΪܷζһȺˣ˿̶о۽󿪣֪ﻹǵΪԼԽˡ
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ˣǰǴ˴δĻ᳡ˡǰ·ѧݸλݣѧԺѾźλλҵԼλ¼ɡÿλϣѧԺṩвˮһЩ򵥵ҿƷ
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óԣóԣһѧĸĸһƻһˮţˮɲ򵥣ԹŽ̷һֽľĶ书ЧƲٵİѪΪռЩǼܭǵһ԰ˣŽ̷缸ʮ֮ࡣ
裬ǳֹ˿٣ӻ˥ϡһѧԼĸĸ
ããλѧĸĸæͷ
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һӣȻüͷҲ̫ˣʲô
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ߣǴ󺫹ͳĹôʸǰ档˵ţӾȻһͳλѧĸĸŻˡ


740 Ҫꣿ
Ͼͨ棬һͳһҵϴֵ¹žӺڣԶͨϰܱȵϵġλѧĸĸȻ֪ԼĺӳΪߣҲǶڵжȴûһ֪Ϊ˲Լĺ鷳Ǿվ
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ѧԺһλ᳤ոжΣʱµֻмλ᳤ѧε
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λɱЧһλǴ󺫹Ъˡ
Ѱӹɽһдһ˵ȥ֮Ļ䣬мѧʼ֡
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΢΢ҡͷҲǸ̾ѣ⣬ҲҪת


741 ˼
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Ϊģ۶ȻֻоһϮ˶Ǵ㵲ѡ
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̫ǿˣת˲Ʊãȴ˵еҲ˰ɣһǾ飬ǣûУߣԺߵĸԶһҪŬѧԺΪѧԺѧ
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ǵȵӦ֮󣬼ڴῪʼ֮Ҹʽһʲôߡ֪ԹеĶǻĵߣѪ塢ԼħʦԳ֮ΪߡǰߣȫһȺûĿͷӬ˵һȺߡ֣صĸߴңǳΪ̽תİ
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תİȷĲǴţ
ǲЩҪߵ˼ȥΪԺѧԺȫ򲼾̵档ֻҪЩ쵼ϿѧԺȫ򿪰ѧУǾײˡ
Ȼ磬ǰʱΪ졢Լ磬Ȼ滹һ˵ȻЩҲ壬Ҳ͵˵е龳磬ʵ̫оޡߵľֻ⼸ߵľͲ˵ˣ绪ϵͳ
˽ˣ޲ǵ˵ͷǰʲôңˡ
ѧԺƳԼ硣ѧԺɽ̲棬Ҳдĵһ󾳽磬ʵԳ֮Ϊ澳澳֪磬ҵһ硣󾳽һΪԪ浤磬ҲöӦѧԺ꼶
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绮Ѿģÿһ綼֧֣Ѿ档
ЩشҲ˵˵澳֮ϵľ磬ȴ˵֪ʽߴң澳֮ϳ֮ΪɾһĿʼɾ֮ȵɡɺɡдѾ֪ģ浤Ԫ٣񾳽Ԫһǧһɾɾ͵Ƚ׵ɣԪҲأɾ͵ɸʮأڳɾɣǾͬ٣ⲻС
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Ҳ֪浤Ԫٿ϶١˻ӦѧԺǼʦôǰǻļ棬˼ˡ


742 
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ҪĽߣҪΪߣôЩ쵼˻ȥ֮󣬿϶ҪҼؼ󣬵һ쵼˶ųΪߣԺֻҪʱ죬ȥЩͨܲĶ
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ˣ·վǸˡӳţأ
ˣֱӰݵ·£繷
أ·սʿЭһЩˣһȺսʿЭĪľ
ʲôݼˣԺ˾սʿЭˡĵ
࣬Ųһ൱ˡһսʿЭֱڿ죬ֱ˵
ôȥˡ·һץսʿЭսʿ͵УȻۿɼģսʿȫѪҺ˲䱻ɡ
˿һĻ̿֡
ˣ
Ժ˾սʿЭˡ
μˣ
ʣµսʿЭԱ׷׹ݣﻹ˵ʲô
ܺãЩ͵һЩôġôǰɣҽһµ·ϣһУǱߵİͲܿƵķɵĻС
ţǸá
ظװʲôûпʼؽ˵
·һţһ߰Ű壬ڵһѧԺʵǿ󣬲üͷ
ˣѧԺǿɶѾ˵硣صսʿЭҲǱѹȵû֮أŶС֮С
Ҵ˴θһҪľֻоۼҲпɱʹȣ֮ǰҪѧԺˡ·ţ֮ɱ⣬ͬʱʹ֮Ҳ˵չ¶˳


748 ·
ԺɫϰڶѸɵĵһ㡣沼ϸϸܵĺɫëȼ˵ĺɫ档·սʿЭԱŵķ׷ײֻ̺ˣǸоֻҪӴǺɫĻ棬ܰճΪҽ
·Ļдϲˡ
ֱӳƺΪ·ʹ֮
ǣ
ã˵
ҪѧԺһǰΪɨƽһϰ
ʹ⻰ҲǷ׷ױʾԸȷ档
ϧ·ȫǵ飬·۾棬һֱµ
ѧԺһлҪ
·˼һ£૵˵ѧԺλԺʵӦ񾳽ϣѾﵽɼȻ绮ֲͬɶȻʹʵࡣҸոոֻʮʹʵҲ൱ߵ񾳽硣ȻžѧԺԺɵʵҲδز֮һսΪԷһǵҳ׻ָȥѧԺ
Ҫ೤ʱָܻ
ѡ·˵ţҪʯ
սʿЭ滹ЩЩ棬ѾǺܶࡣ
Ŷ֪ﻹЩ
һЩҵĹ⣬һЩɵĿء
ôҴ򣬾ȴЩҺɿʼ·ˣȰսʿЭʣµʯﶼ
ȥãشߴˡ
ǣ᳤СȥսʿЭı⡣
˴ŰСʱ̧һСʯͼʮˣʯȻǧ顣
սʿЭϾ̫ǵСҲƶ񤣬θʹķ˲ٵʯʣôʯѾܲˡ
·Щʯ۾һܺãЩʯͱٿԻָʮʹ۷塣
˵֮һС
еʯͱﾹȻȫʹĿֲˡ
ϵʹ֮оγһСĿռ䣬԰ʹ֮սȥʱܴƷ
ǽ
ȵЩʯͱȻֱӳ򡣡
ǣ
˶ԹԵ˵һߣ·ʼѸٵЩʯͱ
ԿЩʯͱﲻϴռɳȻ󻯳һŵ塣·ȫ֮ɫ˿̵·һ㣬˿ĤݡΧ۵˿ظо·Ϣ𽥵ıǿһֱǿһԸӵĵز
ʮСʱȥ·Ϊﵽ˰벽ʹ
Ҳǣ벽ɡ
Ѿָʹʵ
һ㣬ѧԺԺѾΪǡ
ǽҪ
·һЦڼǧǰٹǵ򣬿ʱĵȫδ֮ءû뵽ڵĵ򣬾Ȼ˺ôֲĶò˵ԺɱʹȣǶá
Ӣ֮дĺҪһ

·ͳС磬ȫҪʲôСط𾪣뵽һ˵˵Ϊﵽһĳ̶ȣȫЩȿռ䡣Ȼ·͵ӿռĵز
׹
ʿ˭ͳסҪٸǰһǾͿǹˡ

·һǰһʿֱѣ̱˵ϡ
һ·֮ɱ뵽ͳ칫ҡ
ôģ
ͳң

ûõģ˭Ȳ㡣
ͳʶôվ˳ǰλǶʹ֮·һλ顣ΪãǾʹͶĻɣ
ˣͲ࣬㾹ȻͶͳ˳ʶصġ
Ȼڤ粻飬ɱٷһλͳ
Ҫ·˰֣пʼʲôһصɴ˳ȥ˶оůġ
غͰоһֱӴ͸ĶƺҪǳǰλΰĴڡǵĵֿû¡ǵٿͳʱ򣬶ԷѾԹԵĳ·Ľ¡

ʹ޸ѣС󶼻᳼
·ĽţȫΪ⣺ˣֻҪ߲㣬Ǿܳ׿ҡ
ϵʱ߲֮Ϊ·ū
һңûбƿǵĸ߲Чˡ
Ĺ棬·ҵıʯǧ飺ܺã̫ʱҾָܻʹʵˡʱңԼ̤ƽѧԺļСѧʽѧԺս


749 
·Ļص˷ܲѡ
ڲԸԸ⣬ǶѾ·һ顣
·ԽǿҲԽȫ
ѧԺ֮У֮жû˲սʿЭĶ
һ̫죬̫˼ˡ
콥ˡ
һɽ棬·ںɫʹ棬ڳ˯һ㡣
ȻԺɫȫչ
·ԶһУһɫʹìˣս
ػʹìƿռ䣬˾޴Ŀ磬ʮһ˺ϱĴɵգȻ󱻺ɫȼճ˻ҽʹì͵һƵأֻһ죬ɽֱӴмѿ¶һԼףεѷ졣
Ѿȫָʵ
ȻûȫָʵеġǵѧԺԺһʮʹʵ˶Ҳǵ޵еġʵ룬ѧԺԺҲʮʹʵֻ޷⣬ԲŻô¡
˵ǣѧԺԺҲǵ࣬ĵ磬ͻƵ񾳶죬λѧԺԺûôǿһֻѧԺҴ꣬ʵλѧԺԺȫֽϻǲһ
ǲǲһѾȫ׼˭ҵļƻ
ưԵָտɴ
սʿЭҲǸŵһʱ

ʹ֮٣ǵĹͶ뵽Ļɣ
Щͽǲú
Ӣ
Ůʹ޸裬Ƕʹõ
ΰʹ֮ӢԸ⳼
¹
Ƕʹͽʹ֮Ľ°ɣ
¹Ը⳼벻Ҫ˺ǵڡ

ʱ䣬ҷ׷׳
Ȼҡ
һٶҺ͵Ȼһʮ·ơ
ѧԺ֮У˿ֻһš
Ȼдţʹ֮٣Σ
ŵһСͳӦǲʲôСͳæġ
ԺأҪԺоʮ𼱣ֱҵ˻ء
Ժڱչأڲ˴šصǷʲô飬˵һ¡
Լɣֻ˹ȥ
ãؿ֮󣬵ɫ䣬ԺλʹܿɵʵһԻ޴ѡǸģƫƫͷԺչˡҪЩʲôģˣ죬֪ͨĸСѧʦѧ롣
ԣôˡʼóֻ롣
ŵСѧ
ʦ֪ˣϾ֪ͨѧʱͣΣʦǷػġ
ţٶȿ㡣
Сѧ
ʲô֣ʹ
ϻˣ쳷룬ԺչأѧԺûѹλʹ
Сѧ
սʿЭֱǷˣԾĹ
ǵģΪһʹѧԺǸЦ֪ʲôĴڣԺ΢ָҷ𡣡
һЩСѧҲյ֪ͨ
ɱϾЩˡ
СʱõϢѧԺĸСѧΪ벻ʱʦѧͶսʿЭģȫɱ
Ȼսˡ
ͬһʱ䣬綼֪顣
ʲôʹ٣Ҫ򣿡
ģϾԲֵĹѾƣǻĵ쵼ѾҹϵѧԺѧԺԺ֡
Ƿˣڵ糹ˣ嶼ˡ
սʿЭȺ˸ӣȻʹ
λʹʵİǴ˵еĶʹ·ĵ伮أʵڹԪǰ1500꣬Ҳʥ֮ǰʹٹʱ򻹴ڼΪʱʹǳ֮Ϊµ飬졣
֪ʥôģԭȻȫ鹹ġ
˵ЩҲûˣĻ̻̣ʹҪͳ˵ﻹл·
׵ڻ֪£Ȼ綼Ҫˡ
ⲻ·ʴȣҪһĵԲѡº͵ķʽֻҪ˸ҵ쵼ˣȫԼĻ󣬵ȴƿ򡣡
õ
˶ȥɽˣҲȥɣ
ǰʱֻҪѧԺпܶԿʹ
۵ʱѧԺ֮кȻͻˡ
ǺȻǰķ
ħЭᣬħЭᱻˣķɫ԰׵˵ţʹʹȶ򣬺ɫĻͰħЭճ˻ҽѾ뿪ħʦʣµһǧħʦȫΪ˷ɻҡˣǻڴߣѾǵħƣǳǱɱ
δйѡţɫ


750 
ԺأʱֻԺֲСķҲ¶˿Ŀ⡣
ԺڱչأҳԻԺȴûгɹε˵ţʱĻ·ܣֻܵԺˡ
⻰ҲΡ
ѧԺ֮Уټλʦһᡣ
ʹǰδеΣĸҵԪ׶·ƣ߱ѾĻ̡̻ˣѧԺҲСѧ٣ٶʦɱȻħЭᣬһǧħʦת˲仯Ϊɻҡص˵ţĻ˶ҧгݡ
ЩʦҲѪ֮ˣмѾɱ졣
ʱԺչزʵδǶǵһ顣ѧԺ̫ȱΣУεÿԼһѧԺĶ־ȼһѧǵѪȻҲʲôá
϶Ժڿǡ
ԺǰҲ˵ǻڰ֣ѧԺ̫ˡ
ֻΣѧԺѧǲǵκǽѧҪػ࣬ɲһջ
ʦǵ̸ۣ˿̿϶ǿЦá
ʦѧǣæͻƣ֪淢顣
λʦ˵ģԺ϶οǿУһлҪʵ˵ص˵ţѧԺʦȻûɼĴڣǾսʦеġ
һһǿߣһսһվ
ʹֶβ࣬Ҳδ·޹Ŀڣ˶ͶĿ⣬ǽü
ҵʿξһսĿڣɱλɽ֮еŮ洺ȷʵУΪȡ
ʦҲǷ׷׿ڣһʱҶս졣
ܺãʦѧİΪʦҪѧ֪ʶҪ̻ѧˡڸλʦȻȥһ氲ѧǣһҲս׼س˼һ£Ȼֵļλʦ£һ򵥵սƻ
ɽ棬߻۵
һʼļʮˣļǧˣһԴԴϵࡣ
ҪѧԺԺѧԺԺǾͲ뿪
ѧԺԺ֣ɱ塣
սʿЭᱳ࣬ѧԺһǬ
ѧԺ߾˺üΣЩֻ뿪һᣬֻܿ۷
в˵ĸ׼˳ʳٲȻһѧԺĵ׵ӡ
ѧԺΪʲô֣ǵڵʲôиҧһʮַŭ˵š
ҾѧԺǺˣҲǴţ۵ʵʵ޷·⡣һӵǲĲ²
ѧԺԺ˼ĴڣŲʲô·ҵǾãܿѧԺһֽ赶ɱ֮ơһ¶ʮ־Ŀ⣬˷׷ײĿ
ͷ˻ν⣿һ̲סüͷ
ǿ룬ѧԺӳڣ¹˭ѧԺķչܵԼһЩɺͼ壬ǵϵЩҡʹ·ճѧԺ綼ɨһ飬е߳ѧԺ£Ϊ쵼˱ƣѧԺǳֽȣЩǲǺܸмѧԺʱѧԺֻҪڣСѧƾܿȫκһҡߵĻ˲˳˼
ѵȷΣȴҲѧԺش
ͷˡˣѧԺĿҲﵽˣΪʲôڻٳٲѹ·ҾþѧԺԺ򲻹·һȴǲͷĻ
Сӣ㻹̫ᡣΣոճ֣ѧԺͳѹҲ̫ˡߵ˵ţһѾһеӣѧԺڵȣȴѵĳʱҲȴЩ˵ı֡
ǵı֣
ǰôѧԺΪѳ֣ڽʹ˵ȥǲǺܺţϷݵġ
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ͷ˼
ͷԭ⣬ǻȥóҩˡ·˺Ȼˡ
ô£֣Ƿָոջͷ˿̾Ȼɪɪ
˼ͷ߻ħ֮ϲװǰˣ¡
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ǸոջһǰӵͷҪץңûҲҪȥҪѧԺҪΪߡ
ĿɿڴǾȻ㱻Ӹסˡ
֮
ѧԺȻ޶ԣɽۼѾ
дѹģлıġ
ǳһĺֱӹɽ£ֻΪѧԺ֡


751 ѧ
ѧԺ֮УǰʼѧѾߡ
ΣϿεʦû
ߣһƨʹһѧվϣţλͬѧ·ɱѧԺԸԸսһѪ
սսսӣ
壬ǷģԺѧԺҪǧΪѧǲˣ࣬塣һѧʣҫ۵Ľ⣬ѧԺ׵ѧ䣬ԸΪս壬ѡ
塣иѧȻ뵽ʲô
ƺҲˣһһθȻݲǾܾκ
ƺԴ˶ԺҲؽǿա
֮һ֣أҪκ̣԰ء
ʦˣҿá֪˭һ䣬˲䰲һȺѧҲ˲ص˸Եλ
˲ǱˣȴǶܡ
˿һȺѧ۽ǾȻЩʪ󣬲ȴǱܺõڸȥ
ͬѧǣʱıһ⣬һڿβֻ̽̽ν䡣ߣΪ鲻Ϊȫ
ѧסԵĸоָ
Żңŵ糤ڡ
ˣ糤Ҧܣ糤졣
ˣ糤糤֮
磬糤󡢸糤׶
׵磬糤ף糤л塣
磬糤Ľ糤Գ
Ůˣ糤˪糤Ҷİ糤Сȡ
λ緢Ĵ£ѾҪҶ˵˰ɣ˵ţͬѧǴ˼Ѫһ޲ðսʿЭʹ·ж˿飬Ǳ˭ֻƾǸвսʿЭ·ȥҲֻǰװ
˶ǳĬʵ
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ʲôɵ£ʲôͷԷȣҿǾͦõģЩѧȫ֮ˡСȵƢΪ𱬣ھǲ
ʵþͺúõĴѧԺҪȥɵʲôЦ
עԴǡ˪òѵ
˵ģҶ˵ˣǹܺԼԱվߵſ֮󣬺ȻתòɵĿǵԺչأѧԺһѧ᳤·ɱһͷӭУֻҪ֯ѧ˻Ժɡ
⻰
СֱƲԴͲˣ˼Ҷˡ
ĬȻڵСҲǴŮˣԵôȡ
Ľʱһǵģһæɴأʵû˷ʱ䡣ԳأҼǵǱмѺܲԺ˵вɾǿߣǲģȥȡÿ
Գѧʱ䲻磬ΪÿƼɹļ˿硣
ΪһֱֲѧԺĽ˲ٶ׬ǮֱӱĽγ˸糤
糤֪ˡ
ԳǺ˽ĽģǰĽʱ϶ǮˣĽʲôû˵ȫǰǼѺò״͸ѧԺѾ˵ˡ
ɢɣ˪վ˵öԣǵԱҪɵ¡浽򲻵ѵʱ֯ѧ˻Ժ
˵ͷ׷ж
֮ͤڡ
ôһƾƣѧԺϿڼ䣬ǲ׼ƵģҪȥٱ㣬˵ҪȥɨѧԺˡӯӯ˹ڼѧԺʦѧ֪ӯӯϲ񣬴Ц翪ʼͺϲ
ķ񻺻վǻ̫ˣһССʹȻͰŪļɹ
İɣǻԺءӯӯһ㲻ġ
ʲôԺԶɳ񵭵˵ţʦʹ·Ĺ˵֡
㣿ӯӯһ
ǵģѧǵİηηġ˵ŹһЦصֶΣҺγûУǼңʲôʹͬھ
˵ʲôӯӯһ
ŶݼףšţȻʧֻһվƺ
ʱ磬·Ҳûš
ǰվˣ˺ȻɡԼ̫ϵ̡
һЦǻˣڣѧԺˡսʿЭᣬǵɺͼ崫мǧ꣬۵ʯһֲ֡
·⻰۾ɭɭôǿ̫ˡ


752 ̫ϵ̵ĩ
⻰Ǳס
أǿѣƭˣֱǿɶ
ˣѵ㻹ѾͶ·ڲƭΪͼıǵС硣
ɶ񣬼ֱǿɶ񡣡
⻰Цѣ̫ˣȻǳǣѧԺΰ·ڣѾҪǡʶĻڻʵʵСķ
ȥɣǾɵġ
ôǺܿͻԹԿڵģʶһʹ޸ɣ
ص˵ţǧսʿЭͬʱɵ޸ž˵ϴЧ˸оһһƺʲôڳǵԺһ˼룬Ч·
ƴصֿص˼ˮһ㣬ռǵġ
ԿǾȻҲĬĬظĿ⽥˳
һСʱȥʾͣ¡

ͬʱȥޱȳĵĹ·ѾΨһס
ȻԤϣ˿̻𾪵Ըӡ
ʹĶ޸裬Ȼӵһʹ޸裬ǲ඼Ϊ·ͽ
ֻ֪ʹ޸ֹ飬ǵʮ˿ʹ޸裬ۼ֮·Ϊһ޴̨ס·ʵԭ˵Ӵ˿ڻ
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Ͼͨ˶ʱǿͨʹ޸裬Ҳۼ֮·뷨ʵܼ򵥣ȿôҵ쵼ˣȻ̤ƽ磬Щҵ쵼˰ʹ޸贫ȥͿ֮
֮һֺص
κ֮䣬еϵô˵κһ˵κһΪڸı档˵һӰתʹ޸ʵΪ·˵ǾһֿԺص
˵һǶʲôɡ·۾΢΢պϣֺζ
磡
ˣ
񣡡
λص
Сķʵ·ѯţʵɾ磬ѾܲΧռصȿռ䣬ȿռкܶ࣬ҵڵС磬ǲܡ
ˣСķʵҩףԿ׿ţҪѶٵǽ۲⵽һС磬ȻԼǿӲȥÿһζҪľ޴ʵǵòʧ
Ǽ漶Ǵ򿪼Сķʵ»֪һЩӡģ·Щȱӡȫ򿪼Сķʣµ˺ֱӽ˴̫ϵСķȴȫ֪
ϧˡ̾һɲǵ֮ףǵС磬һȥһΣʵǸֻͣʯ֮ࡣҺ̫ϵ̾ͲԶˡ
޷ͳһ˵ĵһĸռ䣬пҳؽġ·ν˵ţ̫ϵ̵СѾֱӴ򿪣ҵСϸһӦҲû⡣
ڡ
ռС磬ȡеԴһָȫʢʱڡ
̫ϵ̵С֮С
·һǧսʿЭͻȻ֡
С룬޴ɽϣһģӴĵۣ̫ϵ̵ڵء
·ڿУһ顣
֣
ʹʹ·
ϱ̫ϵ̣̫ϵҪˡ
̫ϵ֮Уɳһˡ
̫ϵ̵ƽ̵ӣ˳Ƶˡ
·㾹Ȼ̫ϵ̵С硣ʵɫ
û뵽ǧȥľȻǿɡ·һɨȥ̫ϵ̵һӦϺ͵ӱȫУܺã̫ϵ̵ƽ̣ҹ£ңҿһ
Ӵŭоȫһ衣
ƽ̣ɱ壡̫ϵ֮У֪˭һ䣬˸ҲǺ
ߣǲײĲᣡ·˵ţʹ֮ȶĺɫƾճֱ֣ӷ̫ϵ̵ĵֻۣľʯͷȼ̫ϵ֮УĳϺ͵ӷ˺ѷεĲҽС
մȾ˺ɫ̫ϵ֮ˣת˲仯Ϊɻҡ


753 Ϊȫ
ܣⲻܣ
飬е
̫ϵԸ⳼
ͣˣˣȫˣ̫ϵˡ
Ӵʱ嶼ڲȴ
ʹ·̫ϵ̶ǲһ
𾪵Ŀ֮Уع̫ϵԸ⳼
·⣬˫һӣеĺɫһ˵һѸʧڵİ̫ϵ̶Ѿճ˻ҽǧ̫ϵ̵ӺͳϣµĲֱ̫ϵ̴δйѡ
Ѿҵ̫ϵ̵ı⡣ص
ܺã·˵ͷȥϣĶҪʧ
ǣص
ǿһ㴳̫ϵ̻۶ı⣬̫ϵ̵˶оĪĳ衣ˣЩսʿЭ˻ڰĶǽõĶȫߣмսʿЭ˹ȻڼŮõ֣Ǿһ˸˵ʲô
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Ҳ˵ôѧԺѧҪԺܲսôЩߣЩѧ̫޷ˣΪԼѧһ㱾¾ܱѧԺˣǻԶˡСѧûҵŴһǷˡ
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759 Ŷݼ׵
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һԵĳԲԲЩŭԺһļȫϿǸóܶʹ࣬Ҳ̫ˣ
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񾳽磬ǲͿ꼶ˣؾϲѣѧԺСѧԲˣͿ׼еĽˡ
šǵ˵ͷ֪⻹Ҫϵͳ뿪ʼоͿԵġ
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ʱǵ𣬶Ҵÿһ˵ĶѧԺѧʦɽһ˶ѣûе˻ѧԺĵزֻһ飬λʦѧǵıֶܺãֵÿ佱ǼλʦϷݵĺܵλε飬ºѧҪдһݸ뽻
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762 
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763 ˵Ϯ
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770 ѵǺһڣ
ѧԺôѧ棬ʵмرۣ֮һ
ҪǺĹ̫࣬ȫԼϹĥġ
ҲΪˣֲ츳ƣű˸ΪδνилرЩѧ΢ҵһԼ·˻ȫհ˵Ĺ似ɷĽ׶ΣΪ㡣
⣬Ҳһ
ΪҪǿԸעô侲͵༫˵顣ñһΣǳһӢۣʵȫǸӢΪСȺǣźϸŶӾ֪ϡΣԭ̫ʱ̫ԼΪģƶ񲻷֡
½뵽ѧڻãԺЩѧԽӵǿʱһ̯鷳¡
磬Ϊϣܿ͵ȥˡ
ߣͨȻ֪˶ôµ顣
µһ죬ѧԺԺ
ҵĸˣ̫ϵ̵ˣһѺ
ԺݽӼǣǰЩ˶ǱϹϾ
ǵĿɨˣвԾڼҫͣʶ֮£Ȼܿҫһ
ǺȻ֮
΢΢ЩԾΪЩ֮Ǽҫɢģ˼飬澹Ȼӵ˻֮õԪĹգ۾ͻƵ񾳽ˡڿӦ쵽˼ޣѾܲסô֮֮Żйֻ˵˷֮ǲ̫ݳˣĺô
Ϸô
ҫֵĿǣЩ֪ô¡
Ҳע⵽ǵ쳣
ЦЦûʲô⣬ֻǿ֮йЩ̾
ҫһû뵽Щܿ뵽ǿֲʵƺһˡ
ҫ˼һ£ʾ˰ӵǰ棺أƾѧԺá
ǿ˿أļһ˭֪Ȼǳô鷳
ϳΪаɣ
ȻҪһӣ˴أֳѧԺԻĵӡ
˶ǵ˵ͷ֪жٵҪسУҲܸ߿Ȼǽ˭Уؿ϶һ
رһ仰ԣǿڣԺأҪԺսʿЭ᳤ԺǶԵȵĴڣ
˵ţǡ
ǼʱһƴȥֱӰغɳȥʮ֮Զ
ˤ˴żϣһѪ˳ҪԺҲ
ǲһΪ˭ԺǶԵȵĴڣǿЦýԺһСĴָ͹ʮεģοԺҲϲһ˷ϻ
˵֮󣬲˵ʲôǾһаӳ˴Ľɫÿһۡ
صʱ򣬽ǼҺ̫ϵˡ
ҫʱӣɿ˹չص֮ǰðѧԺˡ
ָǣҲѧԺԺ
Ҳ׷׹£ҧҧȻЩģЩǱܵģǴۡ
˼ͶϣѧԺԼ̣ҪԼС硢Щ۵ĲƸԼҵйؼ
ٲȻǰѼҸϴһյĽࡣ
뽵ѧԺΪһѧԺȷʵ̫֣ϾɱˡҲ׷ŹңǾֱӴթһʣֱӰѼҸեɡ
ҵļ˶Щŭ˵ģЩؼǼҼǧĻۣԸ⴫ȴҪȥ
˻ᷴԣҫлˡԸ
Щ͵Ŀżҫ죬Ȼǻ˿ˣʱ֪֮֡
ȻˣǾͱôˡ
ѧԺȱʦʮһԼ飬ҫѧԺʦԺʡ
ǰ˰֣ҵĻû֮꣬⣬һҪǼһ
ҫס˸ղЩһʲôֵѧԺġ
Ȼǵ˾ܿڡ
ǵ˵ͷܼ򵥣Ҫ㣡
⻰һ˶һҪҫ죬ڸʲô
ѵǺһڣ
ҫ˼꣬ҲĿɿڴҪҡҪʲô
ǿɫԣæȥǱᣬֻƸҫΪѧԺʦѡ
ҫЦ֪ô򵥣ԭѾûмûˣΪʦǶһ١
ȴǲÿɷ񣺡ѧԺȻˡñǩԼ飬ܻ޵
ǵĻ˶סˡ
ǩԼܻ޵治ڿЦ


771 
ȻģԲڿЦ
ѧԺǩԼʦʵѧԺγһֹĹϵֻҪѧԺԶڣǾͻӵ޾ȻǱѧԺˣֻˡӦģѧԺʦҲ޷ѧ޼ɵȥҪĴۡ
Ϊ˳źܶ˶Ը⡣
Ͼ󲿷Ϊ˻øƾõ
ҫ첻֪˵Ǽ٣ѾûѡأǲֱǩˣҲᱻСˡ˵ע֮£ҫǩԼ顣ʵǰûз֣ȴע⵽ˣʦǩԼʱһ˿ǵѪűʸŵԼϡ
˵ע£ҫ¶ޱ𾪵ɫ
һϢ˼ҫԺ֮УյΪѧԺʦƸϢ
ȻⶼҪģüҫо𾪵һ顣оԼȻָ˻һ㣬ϱƤرˮȻ˲ָ˹ˣɢ֮Ҳε֮ڡǣЩ֮ȻǿоۺϣֱγһС͵ļҫ죬ǺȻǼҫԪ
ȻϵҲǷǳԾ
ϵͳô⼧ҫ컹ͻˣ
ģҫΪԪҪľǩԼʱԼ֮Զ塣걾Ѿﵽ˱ıԵϵͳʱΪ˰ȹֻ꣬аԪܽ
ðɣһ˵ͷ
֪Щ֮ˣһ񾳽ʦɱ浤ʦöˡ
֣˼ʮꡣڷӦ˹ڵļҫȻǰ׷ԲԣѾȫú׷ͯݡ
ҡͻˣҫԼš
ʲôͻˣ˼±֮Уǻġ
лѧԺ֮ҫʱﻹף˵ֱӹԱߣԺѧԺһҾְҵҵȡΪѧǻӭ𾴵ʦ
šǵ˵ͷǩԼ飬ҲżҫҲġ
̫ϵҲҪΪ֮ǰǸܿʱ̫ϵ̵һҲˡ
̫ϵѾʵƽ̱·ɱǧĵӱ¾룬ϸֻʣˣűѧԺĴ֪
ǳ˼һ£⣺̫ϵԺͲôˣԭ̫ϵеһѧԺգ̫ϵ̵С磬Լ׵Ĳҵ֮ġ̫ϵԭеĵӣҪΪѧԺ޳ʮ꣬Ϻִ·ʮꡣ
⣿ҲǻߣͲܸһͳ
ܣ̫ϵ̵˷ˣȥؽ̫ϵ̰ɣУٸּۻۣڰЭѪֱӾǷۣǱ̫ˡһԵúǲ⡣
ǣԸѧԺšԱߵڳϼæڡ
ܺãڰǸԴСķ
ҫܿȻˡ
ǼҵС磬Ǵȥһ£﷽ԲϻĵһʡôˣԴḻֵÿ
̫ϵ̵СǲضãҪȼҵСôһ㡣ضҩģȵҪԣࡣ
Ժ̫ϵ̺ͼҵС綼ܲｨСѧɼʮ˶⡣ڵ
ţǾץɣ˵ŵʱĿЩʵԼԼѾܸоЩڵĿռ䣬Ŀܶ࣬ԶֹѾֵ⼸ǰЩռȫѧԺԺոѧҲеط踽Сѧˡˣǻһ뷨һܰЩռǵ
Щ̫ңԶˡ
ϣ֡
·֮У˿̱Χۡ
壿
˵ʲôʹʹ֮أ
ʲôͳ࣬ǻã
Χ߲ϵ·ûκεķӦ˿̵һţ˯ˡ
ʱ򣬲֪˭˵һ˭пգһȥˣ˵Ҫء
Уȥôû˸ң
Ϣ̫ˣʱҲǲʹͬʱݽµ⽻ߡ
ˣˡ
˭˵˵˵һʮΪǩʱڻΪűˡ
̸ţҲԺ
һжΪѧԺ
ս죬ҲҪ·һ죬ͬʱҲصһ졣
׶ġ
ߴһǧˣʹٶˣȫλ
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772 ͬ׵
˵ĵ»᳡ﲻϵ
أʣϾҪͨˣҲ̫ҡ
ʹλĴʹиСҵ⽻ʹָָɹ˵ע⡣
쵰ǰǸսʿЭҲǸṩĺ˵˳ҪȻ˭֪Ժ󻹻ɳʲô
ҪеļһҪҼܡΨ²ңǰ˭˵ڵϳѧԺѧԺѹҲûʲôˡ
һСĴʹǹҾȻѧѧԺСѧѧǵʮ㣬ѾмСҵĴʹʺˡ
ƺһҹ֮䣬һʵĶǾú;£ѧԺѧ
ⷽƵĻǻģ˭뻪ıѧԺѧЩ浤ѧȫǻĵġ
ĵ⽻Ա˿Цĺϲ£졣
ʲôʱüǱֻǸоЩڿʣ˵ݱӹֻ˵䲻ãһȺСܾͲȥĴʹⲫˡ
λģȻ졣
ɪŮʿǻһҽеĹ˾ƺУĵ⽻ֱסλʹȫʮ㣬վżʮҵĴʹ
ʹѾϣй˾ʧǸɪտЦʱ֪ܵĵѣû뵽Ÿոս߾Ϳʼˡ
Ǹô⳥
ԣ⳥ģ뿪ߣԺ鷢˸ŵ
һһģڹġ
ĵļλ⽻ȻЩ˼ҲǱˣ˭ûǰô
㰾пʼλ
ϯλ٣ĸǻˣһˣһӢˡ
ˣ˼߶û֪ͨǡ
ǷߣȫǿЦģзȨֻмѣѾˡ
ر˱ϯڵؼǱɼ⼸ûٱŰ
һ˼飬û˻
һͬ׵УǾͼһЩΪ׵λٵڵأӳࡢıɽǧڵʮ̣ϣ
ţȫǺˡ
ʮʮôȷʵʮεˡ
ЩϣƾʲôңսʿЭĻ᳤ǡ
ɣ㣡
ԱߣһֱͨһȭӹȥصѪڵϡ
˲֪˵ʲôǶϷ
أȻֻйҷɣûķɣͶ·ǲʵɥĲķ˵˵ڲˣûʲô˵ġвҪʲôֻǵ˵Ľ֣ҲѡΪ׵λٻվߵߣʲôʱǶ࣬Ͷķ
˳Ĭڹ֮䣬ڶάԼĹҡ
֮䣬ĹڣάȺŲĵ
Ϊ࣬ı졣
ĵλ˼ֵУƺҿʱҲһͷҪСؤһεսʿЭ᳤㣬ܻҪŷԣӦˡǶ֪ʹ˳٣ˣ͸һȡѧԺϴοʱ˵ѧ縺ػʹҾ÷ǳĺãνԽԽ󣬶ȫˡ
ߴ˿ֱȾĸоȴצ
ˣѾ޿ɾҩˡλ̾һصԼλ֣ͥУ漰̣ɴִС⣬ѧԺ飬Ժ֮зߣȫڴ˵ִУ˵ʽΪɵ
⻰Χ޲Ȼ
ɵһʾ˷ﶼҪɱοˡ
ﴦǵһԲһ
⣬һͨˣͱˡ
Ϊ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼһ쳹˻᳡ǴһСʹϷġ
Եһ£øĴʹڣмҪ
ңû˵˵Լҵԣȫ˵˲һ֡
Ҫ֣ѧԺԺǣһѧԺֻʹһִ֮˵ϼ仰˶סˡ
ѧԺǧôǧﴫˣһܲ˵˵
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773 Σ
˴˿̶оߵ졣
ʵⲻͻƵļʶķΧչǧպѡ
ʶϣ˵˵Ǻܼ򵥵顣
ǰЩ˿ɲߣǶͨˣ֪Щ
˵ʲô飿
ǲҪƲôһǣ϶ǳԲ˶ߡ
˵Ҳûɶˣ˭˭
һȺ˵ţ⽻ʹ޵ֱҧЩҾôôڶ˲һš
ҲЩǰİȨ壬ȷʵġ
˵ҪҪö࣬Ҳͼƻõġ
һ£ʱ᳡ĵģϸҽĻѧԺҪҲһ飬ѧԺѡһЩд츽Сѧκһϡڶ飬ΪδѧԺѧҲĿǰĵϯѧĽӸѡطרңɴоκһҲ谭Ľж飬ҪȶڣͬʱģΪԺĴʱʹʱ׼ļ飬ѧԺƸפڸѧԺڸĴʹݣ߼̾Ϳдź١
ļ˵꣬᳡Ǿĵġ
͸¶Ķ̫ˣٲȻһȫ򲼾֡
ĸСѧǾƸѧԺЩѧɶѧԺҪ
ѡѧң˵ǿ٣˵Ӷᣬ뵽Ϊоɴ˶ľѾһô
ȶڣ򵥣Ϊ˱֤ڵĵ򲻳ʲôӣѧԺļƻ˳ʩչ
ѧԺפҴʹݣһּܣйʱΥǿ϶̵Ľࡣ
ʵҲ֪´ʱʹʱڲǿиԤʱ޷ȡ
һУΪ˹ڵʱ򲻳ӡ
˵֮ǵʶ˻ŲЩô룬ʱѾһԵƿغһС
лԺĽ𣬡Ϊɴܺ죬ڿ̫ˣǵõЩѧҵİ꣬Ǿܵ¼̫ϵκһ򡣵Ȼ̫ˡ
һҷɴ漰ļȫƾһˣô׵ġǾĽѾĺܲˣǰ˵ĸ߿Ƽ棬ǹȻǻҪǿ֮УƼҲ֮ءһЩҲɱ
õģԺĽ˵ͷ
ȥæԼɣ֪ĽΪģĽǰŻ˾ɱҲ֪ġ
ԺʶһѧңҾǰнѧԺ˵ԺսаĽȻ⻹һƼʲôˡ
ѧңȻоʲôģ幹죿
аɣĽ룬ʹ·壬ͺоһ¡
ˣѧԺӦòҪѧҡҡͷԲǺܸȤ
ԺĵַĺҾҪпգȥΪáĽ¶һصЦݣƺǸνѧҳš
ðɣְѵַպãûж˵ʲô
ĽȥǺСؼˡ
Ϊĸͣһ˸ոճ˲ӣǸоһɼӴҲǺȻһ
ԾĿɽķȻɫ䣺ãǺˡ
ôˣǣĸ׻æʵ
裬һе飬ȻѧԺˣԡ
ӰһǾͻصɽ
ȻͿһ̫˺סЯش񾳽۷ǿߡ
λ񾳽ʦҪȥɾʱǹϳ֣Ƕ
һƴȥ޴ΪһƵס
ǹľ޴ȴΧĻݿή˲һŷɻҡ
Ժô£
ǰۼ·У
ƺ̫ã뿿ѡ
ǵ˵ͷȡ·ʹ֮·ʹѪӶΪͻơǿڵ·һȴ޷
Ҫô죬ոҪԺһܾˡ
ǰ̫ˡ
ǧҪ£һúӡ
һԶЩȿڵʲô


774 뷨
˶ڴĿǣҲֻܿˡ
ЩںΧ·ϵһ޶һת
ȴǳֹĺɫѪ
ЩԲӺѺճɻҽεذм䣬ڻû֮ǡ
վǳ֮ƣԲ۳ɵߵȣں󱻲û䣬ʱ϶һ
ֻһ˲ͿЩǾҪӴС
˫̽ǲĺɫ֮Уʦ״ǵȴǲϵ˱ܡ
ߣ·ɱֺաһȣϵһɫ˺ɫ֮УЩɫŵ˲˺˼ʮףֱӸÿһ·⻹û꣬ɫһŭеĺɫŵѸٵ˺壬ɽʿһ
ɵߵ˺ߣֻڵĺֳһֺ֯ɫĽҲѪĽ
󣬷ſꡣǵһָ˺üģһԪ֮һ˺֮С
Ժ¶˾ϲɫʶ֮Уǵһ˿Ԫ֮۳ǵ塣
Ȼˡǿ˺󣬴˿ƺȼһ
Ժôˣڻûи״
·ɼĴڣ㲻һ浤ߣѪȫҪɴһǽ͵ûͻƵɾ磬˽֮ȫЯߵ־ѪҲһ·ѪȽ־
⡭󾪣ЩԼĹˡ
ˣʹһħЭḴʹķǵõ·Ҳֻһʹ֮ģҲһ۵ʯͷ·ֻ㹻ѪҺȴԼܻʹѪɴ˲ܿ·ѪѾȫ֮УеʹӦҲˡǼ͵ú֡
Ժǰ˼ʹѪ϶Ҫʹ꣬ǵˣǿ·Ѫˣ
ǣҲǡ
ǵԺ֮вϵܿһ뷨
Ժ⵽ʲô˼п಻ۿԼҪһغˣԺڵθڡ
󣬸ҲģǺȻʵ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ʲôģֺܲõԤС
ȻѾˣǲһݣ·ꡣ˵һú󲻸ŵĻ
ɡꣿ
ֻʹ˵ֻ·ܿЩֱɻں·꣬ȻҲͿԿЩˣߵںѪ֮·ЧʹѪ뵽֮УԺˣںϳѪҲʧǰԼ뷨˵˳
󳹵ɵˣ˵
ֱ̫ˣܳɹĹһΣΪҲž޴һͻƵ񾳽硣
Ժǲʲôգ󿴵Ƕأɲòġ
Ȼзգǲ·ܾ꣬ܿͻᱻ·ˡ˵ţĽҪˡ
Ĭˡ
ɹΪԺԼҲܸһ
ʧܣֱӱᣬҲˡ
ղ棬Ҳ֮·һ˳ġ
㿼ǵôˣʱ䲻ˡ
Ըһԡһɷس徢ұ߱ӦΪܾΣա
˵úáǶҪˣģҲȥװȣһᴫڸֹڻǷɷֱȻʹ⣬䲻ڣʹúôɷǾڲ֮ءΣһش·꣬ȻԪ֮ס·ֻ꣬ҪһĽ⿪ӡɡӡȫʱʱ·Ҳٲһɱʱ·Ȼ񣬵Ҳʱ˴˳Ȼ˼꣬Ҳܱܿһ¡
Ժˡ˵ͷٲȻ׼
ǺãȰ·ùһɳ죬ֱ˴֮ϡ
ʲô·о֮еߣ㾹Ȼҵ꣬ǿЦҿʹ
ߣҵܹ׵ġЦһлã


775 ǰѧԺô
ֻһŻҺɫ˿뵽·֮У·ĲҽС
ܣʲôҵ֮Ϊʲôղˡ
Ȼ⣬һŻ棬רŵľлֵ֮ܵǳԸ⣬֮ܰһСڣһӡסѧԺһѧһɣʱͻ᳹׳Ϊ֡
Ҳţ
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ֻҪһ·꣬վС̴󣬳ɾͲ˼֮
ӰһѾʧ˺ϡ
·ˡ
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ȻһĴڣӰȥ١
ҿܣʧȥãʯ˴֮С
ʯҫ۵ĹâˮΧʯתγһС࿿ĴֻţϵĿʯȫ뺣׵ʱʧˡɾബϵ߶ͷĿѣ
Ժˣһ
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·һģѾֱҸӡסˡһվ·Ĳ衣ڣȸһ·ӵʹһԣӦþܿסˡ
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ǽ⿪ӡֻ·һһ㣬ĴӴܡ
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ֽ֮΢Сӣϵ͸һŻһ֮С
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ܺã·ķˡ
ס
ǿʹʼת۾ǰʱȥ
Ѿغˣ۽ĺĺϡ
ɾʱ򣬺ϺȻֳ貵Ľɫҫ۶Ŀ
ɹˡ
һЦݡ
µ·ϣҲŹġ
·꣬ϵ
Цһ֪˭µЦһȴ˲ƿסԼ壬Щۼ˲䱻ƿأȻƿסҵԪԲͬǴų⣬ҸоԼҪǸűˡ
µĺܲңܲס·
Цû뵽һ㡣Цκһ֣Ϲ԰κԼĶ󣬷ſ壬һЩ
лԺжޱȣôõԺȥҡ
壬ںϣǵͺһ漴һӦһֲͬײתسһĨɫ
ɫµϲɹˡ
֮еҲһȽס˵ţֻǽɫԽԽ࣬˳ưһ˿ɫ˻ˣЩߵȼĽɫѸٰˡ
ǣԺʱʮ㣬ͻɽϵؿʼ֮е
ܺáǵ˵ͷʶعԼ壬û뵽ɫ棬Ҵ˴ζõ˲СĺôȻҺĹ˲ϵɸȻͨں֮Լȼֱһ죬ܽһ˿նأǺӣǾͳˡϧҾͻƵɾ磬ȼҲǶеȣԶﲻסںһֲͬĶӦ㹻׸ߵˡ
ţ֮еɫ˲˿ɫˡ
ɵḶ́ʵҲǽɫĹ̡
أϳ˺Ȼ֮ɫȻҪǹǰתҲ΢΢ȴ׾һ㡣
˼һΧ׶ǰĹܱɡ
ǻһ̫ܰ塣
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֪䣬ǶԼĹˡ
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˫ɫĳȫҲǽ̫ͽӳ顣
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776 ָλ
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ѪѪԼӰ˵ѪȻ׸ѹˣ˵ȫںϵһ顣Ѿ˺ܶĶڵĺѾȫûѪɭɭϢŵһʥ࣬һֺ嫣һϢѪѾѪѪΪתΪʹѪΪǰ;
ѧҲԺ
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ʵڲһ׵飬Ϊľ绹ûеɾ磬ܸӦĿռ䷶Χʵޡ
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ǸҵĻͳˣαصȵڡӵĿڣѾΧʮ죬˴οǰ׳ߵġ


778 װƵʱ
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ʵˣԭĳһѧң֮ϡ
ֻǿϧ֪˲࣬Ҳһ˵
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ߵȻˣǾȥɣܿʲôʮö͵԰ҡ
Ƕڰ̲סЩ˷ܣƺװƵʱˡ


779 ô
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781 ϵͳ϶Ƿ
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ԺרƸλְҪޡλְһѧ߼ܡ
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ѩɽɺԺרѩɽɺƸλְҪޡλְһѧ߼ܡ

ħ֮繥1飬ͻ浤硣Ҫλѧɹһ鲢ԴͻƵ浤硣ʮ¹ҩ裬ʮ죩
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ʬ繥1ɱɥʬҪѧһɱĿɥʬһ츳ƣһA츳ҩ衣
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٪޼繥1ɱҪѧҪֿȭɱʮͷΪѧһ츳ƣһA츳ҩ衣
٪޼繥2ÿҪޡʮ¹ҩ裬һ硣
繥1˶һֿ֡Ҫޡһ츳ƣһA츳ҩ衣
繥2UnobtaniumҪһ֡ʮ¹ҩ裬ҩֲᡣ
ĹǸӸˡ
߸磬ȻûԺר񣬵ǽĶǸ
ռ֮Ŷֲᡢһ硢ҩֲᣬɶ㾡һ綼ֵûöˣεĽñȰĸ߿Ƽñ٪޼һЩ＼ЩɶֵѧԺȡĶ
ǱЩҵĲᣬûиоҸ
ֻǿϧЩĹֻԪѧȥɣȻ밲һЩ浤ѧɨЩˡңЩҲûʱӳɣҲʲôʱ䣬ʲôʱ䡣
ƽһԼ飬ûذŷϵѧȥЩ񣬷ѾЩȲˡ
ʮضĴԽָ磬絹ʺ͹ѧȥ
ϵͳôˣҲţҪŬ
ţֱ뿪ѧԺҪȥС硣
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ԺԭǱǸû뵽ôİȷԺҲصЩɶûġ˵ƽĴС֮գҾ࣬ѧԺԺķչô
֪ˣѧԺҪͨˡ
ðɣԺ
ѾľĽ鶼ûá
ǹ˵绰һСĴڡ
С綼ҳɣ
ĬĬĺһ䣬ʶ֮Χ
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һռ֮еĹ㣬ƺһСףͨǸСףԼһĨɫ
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ʱԺ֮оȻֳϵͳʾ


782 ǡˣ
ϸϵͳ񣬾Ȼġ
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С֮˵Ŀռ䣬ԭѵԼΧĿռһ޴ЩС͹ֻЩС͵ĵط۵һ飬ֻʣһ㣬һռڵ㡣
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һС緢Ƶʿܻı䣬ǿռڵԶڵġ
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ܿ죬ʮٴγǣǺη壬ȫ顣
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Ǹİ˳ûһѡܡ
̫ˣİ˵Ҿͺ·ࡣ̧ҪٽѵһЩˣ뵽Ҳûʲô壬ջǷˣˣȻȥδĹϵбҪоһ¡С磬ѧԺҪˣٹɾûôˡ
һɳ죬Ѿص˿ռڵ㴦


783 ԴĴ취
ռڵ㣬ѾصѧԺ
ȻÿδԽռڵ㶼ҪĴȱľ
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ҷһС磬жٶǳĻָ֮еİ˲ࡣǵ˵ţҴռС磬ԺС罨ѧԺķֲͬʱԴٽķչ
̫ˡʯ֮¶˷ܵɫԺʲôϽռС簡
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ʲôأǹһѧԺôô̵顣ҵ뷨ռС磬Ȼеİ˽н̻ǵðϿǵķչ֮ճΪǵĸ塣
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ţĭȫȨ飬ȨޡҾҪ˽С磬һºҾҪһȻС硣ǵ˵ţٲȻڸĭʩѹˡ
ֱɢᡣ
ĭסʵ׼ŽŽ̷硣
ȫȨ飿ĭţǰĻؿ϶ƭ
ǵģֻ׼ʱ䡣ؼԺԸ㲼ǶĿ飬ҲǶΡ
ãһԺΡĭȻȲĸо
ȥɣСѧѧ˵ģ㶼ԴȥϵһЩ߿Ƽʲôģܸ㵽ֵģҲá֮󣬴˺ռȥԺ㿪һȿռ֮š˵꣬תˡ
ĭȭͷ̲ס֣ܺãսĵһսҴģĵһҲƽģһĪʥյĳƺţʱҲҪԼĳƺš
֮󣬴ĳ
ҺĸԶʻһɫĶս涼ǻĵ99ʽ̹ˣһװǧߡ
ϣս̻ţ̶
⻹ǹʵʿԼٵֱ
ǿⳡ棬ʵǿЦãЩˣĭеôߣ
ԱߵЦЦСѧѧ˴룬еľ֮еЩˡĭȷܴⳡսͷɹסÿһߡ˵ģֻǷųҥ˵Щѡһѣͷɵıˡ
̲ס˲ʵǱ׵òᡣ


784 ·
ĭмλѧԺѧһλ档ĭһѧԪΪԶԶȲĭ츳ܾѣԺĳɾͲ

֪ٵˣעռڵ㣬ֻֻһĿռڵ㣬˲ʹһռŻϸռŻԲεģ뾶ʮףҲܴ򿪵ļˡ
ҽȥ磡
ĭĳһӣսС
ڶ棬ֱ۴֮أγһСľ»ء
Ϊɭа˵ҲĻа˷֡
һȺսһ̧̹˺һЩͲҲ˽ȥ
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ȻĽоģٶȿԴﵽʮ٣δĽ֮ͨһ
ֻϧƳۣҲѧԺļλѧǮŴ˼ܡ
硣
ĭһҵԭפ
⻰ɵˡ
ȥôôפˣİ
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ĭĵЦˣҪôΪҲ޿ɺǣҪıĸӡ˵ҪΪǵȻٴƷԼҵͳ֮£ᱻӡԺ󲻻а˷ࡣڵĹؼǣôܳΪǵ񣿡
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ĭҡҡͷǲţֻܿžͺá
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ĭ治˵ʶеãںһȥһΧȻץ˻
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ĭԱߵǴЦĽƵʲôϵͳһ㶼֪ͨ
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ܵ˵ｨ˳ǳأԼ
ǰȻףΪ绹ĿӴޡڰ˵ĳǳ棬ڰˣʱ˵ĳǳأǴȥ޷ԤƵѡ
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Χǣ᧿Σǿǣˡ˵籾ôȻЩѪŻఫ˸жһͿûнܹЩ·İˣһʱͻǵõѣǶĤݡ
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ǲǺ𾪣ǲǶˡĭĿڣΪ׼Щ˵ôʵһʼͲǡ罨Уȼƶȣʱ൱ҹԪǰǸʱʱǻǺģǿõĵطҲڡ
ڣ
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ĭеҪˣͷ·ⲻ֣·ˣ˵еô
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һ⣺ֻǹûκε˼ǶСѧѧԺСѧ̸
ĭЦʢֲǽֹôȻ˵ѣ׷ң̻д߰
Լĭǰûܡ
ĭҲȤˣֱӿʼüƻʮΪһӣһֳٸ飬ֱӲͬķޡѾˣЩȻ׺ݣʵʵǿҲ൱ѧʹһЩǹʲôģһЩ죬ܵţ϶˵ĳǳء
һȺѾ֪ĭļƻ׵Ĳᣬļƻеͨô
ĭһʲôʼжǲ̫ʱ䣬Ȼһ¶ˣǾû˴ظС
˵˵ͷѸٶһϷôˡ


785 
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ȻףǰŽֿޣѾ㡣
ˣó޵ʱڳֿȭ࣬ǻ̫ˣĭ˵ģǻڻĵĹԪǰꡣ
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ǽϣȻʮ׸ߵĳǽһҲû˿ȫпԡ
ԶȥƵĸޣŷѪ۾µצƺҪѰǸ˺Ƭ
ܣⲻܣǳصİ¶˻ֵ̿ɫôޣһԴԴϵ࣬ѵɭ֮г˼ģЩȲѲΧǡ
ϣޱǱԮһλ˴
ԣȥԮĳǳԮλĺˣô޳ǳأǸܵס
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Ϊʲôΰ飬ǵʲô
˵ĳǳ֮Уఫɪɪķ
ֻȴУϵؿסһЩˣһЩصۡ
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濴Ѿϵ޹밫˳УҲȥˣĭ๻ˣѾֵסˣ޹밫˵ĳǳأ֪жٰ
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ޣڹޣ
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ÿһеİǼѣˣǻˡ
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ǳҲһȡ߿ڤʯһǳأܾЩͻȻֵǺ񡣿ǷİѾʧȥǣﻹЩ
ǣĭĵڶƻɹˡ


786 һλǼʦ
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֪ĸǷİ˺һ䣬ఫ˶Ǻ
ǺǣھһٸһǧԸ⣬Ҳֻܸɿˡ
˵Ļ֮УĭԼĻһ̹˺ͷɻ½˰˳ǳء
ǳĹ㳡ĭߵĵط
һڰˣǻŮΪܵǵԴԼľǵ硣
˻ЩİˣǳԺ·ǰĭ˹Ⱥ
һʵǲ֪˵ʲôãⰫҲ̫ƭˣǵĵĸǶġǱž޴ƣֻҪúһͳһʲô¡
ĭǱ߼ǵһ磬һȱǻ۵硣ΪǻŮ񣬽ٵ磬ȻҪǻ۵Ĺâߣӵдǻۣǵߣܻñӣҵͽޱȴϻۡ
⻰ʱſڵϰݷ
ĭ⣬Щǻ۵İܿſڴƻƣֻҪȫڲ֮ءοûж԰˻ж⣬ѵĿƼԼ밫磬ðǲϵǿʱֻ
ĭֽ˺ܶ࣬ڲϵظϴԡ
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ȫһͣĭĤݡ

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ĭЩˣҲ͵㵽Ϊֹһ߸֧ҵһоȻͨǶ巢ʩд֪ʶһ棬һǿԴˣԺ緢˿ڤʯǶռ䷨ĲϣȻܷһڤʯ϶еڶ顣
𾪣ڤʯֲԺСġ
ĭ˵ͷԣѧԺѧܲܶϿռ䷨ͿСĿڤʯˡ

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ĭҲûʧ˰ǵĶˮƽܸߣ̻˰Ƕǹ֧ȻЩǹ֧ȥԸޡ
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ѧԺ֮У֮УЩСѾд뱻ˡ
ˣ棬ҵ˰˸ڵС硣
ֻǿϧ˸С֮лܶӣûʲô顣
ϼ֮ء
ǺȻ¶һЦݣ⾹ȻһС磬ϰ˵С磬һʮСˣ
ʮС磬Ǵ֧ˡ
Ծģǵͽϵͳ
нѾš
á
ǵ˵ͷʵνĽҲһǼ￨ƺһ޿
޿ˣǵһʱóǼ￨ơ
ǵһλɾʦֵڴ
ϸһǼ￨ƣϵϲɫԽԽʢλʦԸʽṹǶһЩʺסСһЩֲʲôģЩСпתΪʺסĵط


787 ʥ
Ϊʲô˵ֻſ棬滭һŹȵİ׺ͷдţ
ү
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ӵмܣꡣ
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ԭЩС˵ɱμ֮ϸˣҲԵøǿˡǵ˵ţǰүֻ͵ȵɣ˾ɾΪɣ֪ʲôΪڴ
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ԪذôԲԪƶӶγƶأǿиıĳһطĴƣһطӴ˶ϾһطֻҪŲŴأ֮ͻԴԴʱԻΪصףץץţֻǿϧˣһЩãûʲôѧԺڿС磬дá
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ϡ¶еͣ翴ҲܵϼӰ졣ε̾һ綼Ǻˮȫûʲô飬ȻҲǺʺסܸһЩһʥأпܳԽʲô֮ġ
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һӣǲ̫ˣЦãոԺ֮е෽˲ûˡ
ˣҪˣöռָˡ˵ţѾһöָڰõĿڤʯģĿǰҲֻɹöڿһûøȥҲ֪ռָɣһöռָнӽ˸Ŀռ䣬ǾӼеıر
ռָһ£ʱĶˣԺɶҲҪ˵ˣûöռָҲ϶ȥġ
Ŷ㲻Ϊ˿ռָŴӦġǳ˼һ¡
ǵȻⶼΪѧԺķչͿռָһëǮĹϵûСĵ
ǺãȻ㶼˵ˣռָͲˡĺļҪѿռָջȥѧԺȱֲرѧѧĪˡ
ʱĬĬװƹͷˡ


793 㱼ʹ֮
̲סЦƭģֻҪܳûȡҮͻı⣬öռָ϶ģŵġ
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ǰѿռָݵ˺Уȳһ£һǱʲôֻװˡ
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ҮͻںʮŮʹ귭ƣĲֺ
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ֲĽ糤գǺӵֱӾǰʮʹƵ˺Զ
Ȼһ޴Ľֱ˺ʹŴһﶼն룬Үͻˮ
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Үͻҡͷµµ飬Դ󣬲һ
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˲䣬Ϊﵽ˵ļ۷塣
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ͬһն˳ȥֻһ˵Ľֱӻʹȵա
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ҮͻǲţǸоܵƭܵ˴ݲС
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һȻֱˣİ׹ⶼ˲ôˣʵ㱼ˣ


794 ǩԼ
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ĳ͵һռ䲨糱ϫһϯ˹ȥ಻
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쵰㵽˭
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Ȼſʹ֮ȻֻʹȵĹâۼ
͸ռ䣬Ǿ޴̫ǶӰ쵽ˣâ
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ǶʱҮͻûй·ûȡ
ҲҮͻĻܿһ⣺ŹҲԣֻҪǩԼ顣
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һ̣ʹһĩա
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⣬װƺܳɹȫյ벻Ч㻹ʲôǩԼ顣
ҮͻĽӹԼ飬ָĵطʼǩ֡
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Үͻ̧ͷһǣﲻô¡
ȴֱӺϹʲôûԻôΪ
Үͻ˵һ뵽ԼովƭˣʱҪᱼĸо
ҧֵһдˣһӶǵƿˡ
ʱڷģ󹦸ˣεջνǴȥ
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ʱһӰǰ
Щʮʹǣŵľɫ԰ףæӴܡ
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ʱֻҮͻס棬ԺѧԺʵˣո硣
Ǻã
ѸٺǳԶȥ
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Եʹ
ҮͻǼƣǼǵǽ
ص˵ֱӶԺ֣ˣҿ㶼ǴҮͻıȡʲô
ϳЦݣԺҿǵȡ˲ٶҶǺö


795 ̫
ڴĿ֮Уʼ浹
ֻǰʶĿĶбʯһЩ
תһضǣۻҡ
Ժô˷ܵҮͻİ⣬ҸˣЩȻҶʶ򵥡
ǺǣЦˣǿĵЦݣǺεЦݣΪǰЩνһЩûκεļֵ˵һѷƷ
ԺôˣɫôЩԣǲˣ֣æʵ
󰡣ҾбҪѡһ±Ϳγ̡ʱ˵ѵûз֣Щνıһô
ɫһ䣬Щš
ˣɣЩˡε˵ţΪкܶĺöȴǴʧ
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һ£һУֻһѪҺıʯУĶѵ̫ԭһġ
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̫֮в̺ŹܣҲ̺һ˿˿֮Ǳ̫ĹâĶΪ̫̫Զ䵽һ֮УҲԻ۳һ̫֮𡣿ǰ龧ʯ̫ʵʣƶֵܵһ䵽ˡǵ˵ţѾ龧ʯ˿ռָ̫дá
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ҪϹˣ̫ų𣬲ֻҪӴͻᱻճǵ˵ţˣȻѧԺҪȥһ
ԺѧԺʵ
κҮͻһսЩһտĵطһЩսķšǵʵ뷨ˣһֱûʲôضսֶΣ뵽ʲôʩչʲôǽͻȻýݻԼȻʩչİҲַͨΪһţӶ޵ս
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šǵ˵ͷɾߣ̫ܰգԺҲġ
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Цһɳ졣
ٶת۴ﵽ˶ʮı٣һٶ7.9km/sѾٶȡ
Խ棬Խϡ¶ԽͣǶЩ⡣
һƵĵطǰȻʡ
ΧһЩζ¶ȶʧˣѾ˵̫ա
˿̾תҲصϣΪѾΪ˵һǣŵ˶š
ѵԶʱȴˡ
оﵽڶٶȲУʱܳΪ̫һǣΧ̫˶
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Ȼ뿪ֱӷתϥȻóˮ
֮ǰȰԼΪ˵
תˮ֮ӿ塣
оʹǵףоõԸо޾Ը
ĵһޱصһҲһ
Щ֡
ϵЩ֮ǵõĳֹؼʣеϸޱȻԾ˷ܼһ
֮ϵںϣγһȫµ
о֮Уʼ̺һЩصĶһصܹӰꡣ
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һֳԽͨиֲܡ
ǴΪԾʵȻܹ֮ͻȽףûʮģڲͻȽףһãʱ֮Ӻ
ĶͻȻЩ仰ˡ
ţӵ
ļڵΪ͵س뵽弶
ĵ棬ɾ֮ѾԪǽ˽𵤡
𣬲Ҳ
ԿĽ棬صƣÿһƶһɵӡǣȾŵӡһɣݻ𣬴ɾ͵ɾ硣
ͻƵ弶ǵҲɱ䣬ϸٴοʼ
ҹȶΪ硣
ǲûͣó̺̫ˮҪ̫Ҳõ


796 һǳ
ʲôߵĸڡ
ԪԶᣬʧȥ˱壬һΪҪϡ
壬ΪٲĴڣŲܻøƾõܡ
һ磬֮ΪɣǾ岻һ硣
ͻƵɾ磬ţ۵ͨ壬Ҫûкõ
Ȼõ˴˵еʲô壬۳壬壬˾֮ģֻܾܰҮͻ˺Ƭ
ȻûЩҲǲԼݡ
壬ǱǿȣӶ嵮ܡ
ҪǿĻ棬ͨĵػУ̫֮вĻ棬ǳ֮ǻ֮Ѿвʣÿ԰壬
ִҲʹࡣ
ԼտһСľ͸ˡ
ʼˣҪøǿʹ࣬־֮ᶨҲһ˿Աȵġ
һ󣬾ʯ顣
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ǴһֿػӡЩȫ·ֻգ۾ͱ˷ɻҡ
ʹѾʼԿƤ˲佹һƬһֱӾˡ
ǿžʹʼתԼĥĴĹ
ֻ㣬ϸתȻʼЩ̫
ǰЩ̫𵱳һȻԼϸҲ̫ԡ
̫ƺԼʶһڽһִ治ΪԽˡ
ϸճɷɻңǶһȦ
ǽģиϸĳɱ䣬Ȼ̫𶼷ղ
ϸǻͻĲſֲԣϸҲܵ׷ϸɱ䡣
ģʼ˵Ľ⡣
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Ǹо̫𣬶ӰԽԽؾ͸оˡ
˿壬Ҳɱ䣬ﵽСɡ
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Ĺǿ
վ·ǰʣµ̫ϧֻԭ֮һˡ
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֮УΧһжУоԼһס
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ִȥСǳתЯѹһеֱʹ𵴣ǹ谵µ
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ٴεȫ
ܱߣһſǳȻϰ֮
ÿһǳſȰּ˵һŵȥõѺۣķѡ
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κεˣֻҪһŨǳûн˵ģеĻǾš
˵ԼصĹʽһֶζŨ
¶Цݣһǳ˵תѾص˵档
ѧԺ֮Уʦæ
ѧԺСѧǧѧһ£ѾŵĿ˽׶Ρ
п˽ȷ¼ȡѡǸʱǵҲˡ
Ӱһֱ˹Ž̷硣
ѾȲˣҪǿƸλʦ
ܭǵźͼλϣѡطˣڿǵɾĴڣԲܷŹ
ɷ棬ǿ˿Լļӡ
ʦ𣡡
ǿǻǺܸˡ
ǵ˵ͷֻ״ӣ˪ѧԺѧҲͻƵ񾳽磬Ϊܭ洫ӡ
ʣµǷѩȻķѩѧԺ֮еķѩʦܴ󣬵ǻָ٣ҲͻƵ񾳽硣
еļӣͷֲǷҲһƽ̵ѡ֮һ
ѩҵİȥִϣ˵ںɽͤȾơǵ˵ţ־ͻһ
ѩȥҵ


797 طˣơƺտŶ
ɷĺɽͤ⽨ġ
ԶܭǵƺԵú⣬ʡ
ǸûеȶãͿһԶƿնһǡ
֪طˣܭǳٶȣҲҲҲڶˡ
طˣΪѾﵽ˵ɶǰҪֲֻ֣ҪЩԶŴǵ޵С
ǳϣ⼸γȥһαһʱ䳤ǶΪҪ뿪ܭء˻ûеط˵ѾǵĶ档
ЦǴӦΪܭǷʮ꣬ʮûȴƵƵӰܭ߿϶Ϊ˵Ļˡ
ֻ֪綼ǵ֮ǵ뿪ֻǻص˵ѡ
ط˾ܷģʮ֮ԼˣҲܭǵġǳ˼һ£ǸһŵֻʱܭѾ׳ѧԺĵ̣ȫѧԺѵأȻҪﲻܵ˺
仰ҾͷˡطЦЦѾǵĶ档
ֻǸոط˾ˡ
ֻǵǰŵĺȻǼּ򵥳ʳʮȫʶľ࣬ʢžƿӣдŵę́ҺXOʿɶʲôУƿ棬ʢŵĺɫҺʲôѵҲһʲôơеļƿӣдŵѩʲôģǹŹ֡
ǳϣЩʲôƣôδ
طȻǺþ֮һӼ˶⣬Ŀɹĸо
ǣ¶һЦݣôǴڿСƵġ
һֱ֣ӴƿҺȺȾƣȻ̸ġ
ʵǽǴط̯ˣջ˵ϰߣ̸ЩΪʣȻܰط˹ˣǩԼ飬ҲʧΪһֲֶΡ
طȻ棬ǹθڣҲֻסˡ
˷ֱһ
֪ЩƿɶÿѧķģľԱȵġ
ϾǹŽ̷ЩɾƣҲ̺Ӵһ㣬Щ̺࣬ĿɶǾƾĳ⡣

ط˺һڣ̲סһ죬ʱȫޡ
ЦЦΪֹһκֶľƣûʲôرĸо
ƣλę́
ط˳һڣҲǼæ֣ʵǲϰߺľơ
XOʿɡʲôģطҲǳֹȫʺθڡ
ЩˣЩɶǺþƣطƺ·ܰ
ҳ
ط˺ȻָָһƿѩڴĿǡ
һǸط˿һƿοûи𵽱棬ֱӰƿӵݸطˣơƣƿá
طһȻŹۣǰ˵ˡ
һ¶ǣط˵۾ˡ
ڶԴЩŵãƺúȣûоζҺģ˶Եþˡ
ⶼУѵط˺ڡ
ߴﹾ࣬һƿơѾط˺ȵĸɸɾǶ˵Լ˵ڶƿ
ʱ׼ֱó䣬ƾط˺ȡ
ãúȣ
ȣܹ
˵ţǱ߾͵ط˺ˣȻطǵɣ˺Ⱦƶʹɷط˵ľҲôߣȵöˣҲͨһġ
طȫһƿһƿ¼
ڹŽ̷Ӿ֮УǸʥһ󣬴˿ǳױˡ
طˣơƺտŶ
˵ţǱ߲֪ɶʱѾܺտ̯̿𶼵ˡ
ĳձҶߣִɷȡһЩʳģտˡ
棬Ѿע⵽һĻϵ󰡣ȫˣ
ɷ棬ָɷܻŷ磬ɺͳɺͳ
棬ҡͷ̾ٺãһǽԳɿա
˸̾ͤȻԹԵģܭ˭ҹǣ˭֪ܭǿĴڡ
ҹ֮
ط֣ʵҲˣ
˵ʲô
ط֣ԺҸɰɣ
Ŷúã
ط֣ǩ֣Ժ춼ܺȵơ
˵ƵʱԼ̲סЦ⻹۾˵Ϲ
ǩһǩ
طűʣԥдԼ֡
ǿ֪Լɹˡ
ڶ죬һ
ط˿صĿվƿԼǰȻǣʧƭң
һƭʲôˣ
طʱŭҰ㵱ֵܣȴҡ
һ⻰ôôŤô塣


798 ǧأһͳܭ
ʲô죬طֲʲôŮʲôֵġ
ط׶ǻǱˡ
ʵַطǩԼ飬ȥҲˡ
طŭ㻹װѾյʲôѧԺϢ˵ǳΪеʦ㣬ҾȻһ㷴ˡȻҺȾƣΪ˳ûңȻΪáҰģԭ㵽ܭǾǲġ
Ǳط˵ģЩͷ
ʵƸһЩ˾ʦס棬ַ
ȻѧеĹȫԽеٻʱЩʦԹԾͷ
ôط˽أǿЦطˣҪƭ㣬޻˵ǩԼ飬ʵҲΪáڵ磬Ϊôʵһ֮ء֮⣬һӺ嫵磬ǳк嫵ǺӣɵΪһҲǺӵһͷһͷƭ㣬ҲһȥǸ硣ҵģβס
ط˿˵ϣЩԺˣѵĲô
ʱҲϻߣȴȥǸ翴
ӰѾ˵
ָŵǿգûУǺ嫵棬һСȵġ
ط˵ʶͷųȥ̽ǿȴȻ޷߼ʡ
һ̣оԼ̫Сˣֱһ㡣
طãˣɵˣЩڵǸʲôһٵ磿
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ȻĶİڹŽ̷ĵӾ磬йŽ̷Ϸ
˾Ȼɪɪһʱʵ
طˣҲѧԺˡһŮӵǷѩ
㲻ǵ״ôطɻ
˵Ŀ϶ǹŽ̷ңһңһ¡ѩЦЦϲѧԺְ
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̲סط˴Ĵָ˵úãƸһôˣοˣ
ط̲סкѣҼɡ
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طҲһصӣѩľƿӺȥ
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ط˵ʱһܵӣһӶûС
ѾǩԼ飬һģЩ⡣
ǳϣŪǵĸ鰡˿ɥһ˵š
УҿǺѺõġЦһӰܭǵƽ̺ȫչѧԺãԺܭҲͳ뵽ѧԺ
ȥҪȥ򿴿ѧԺ˺ȻҲǺӡ
ȫû⣬ǾòԺܭҲԲȡѧԺĽѧǵȻֻһ顣
ӰһѾѧԺ֮С
λ˿ѧᣬᣬѧϿεĵطѧԺУѧԺͼݣѧԺʳãĿɿڴĸо
ܭҲ㡣˷ĵ׵źܭ¸¶ȵĵӸ棬ʲôëˢϴ¶ˮֱ֮Ķˣķܭǣӭһα仯ֻ˵߸ͳ֪ܭĹײĸǷܰס


799 
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ΪܭߵûɣطǵҪҪڹŽ̷磬ÿҲֻһڵʱѧԺڿΡĶЩ׺ͺˡܴӹŽ̷ƸʮʦĿǰЩ˶ƸѧԺȻܡ
⣬ǻͨٻ̫ӳٺͰƸѧԺ͸ˡ
ǳ˼һ£ʵԾɴʱΪֹ
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ѧԺСѧеģѾʽп˽׶Ρ
࿼ʦʮ֮һѧԺѧʮ֮ǴӸСѧʦ
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ûнǿЩϵĿǣ˿̶ҡͷԵıʲô
Իѧʱϰֺ֮
ƺԶϰƼ䣬һƬ³ɽ
ɽĨ΢ƣ˥ݣš
ϵ˿ɻʼɣ
Բԣ¶Ϊ˪νˣˮһ
ǰ¹⣬ǵ˪ͷ£ͷ˼磡
ѧԺĻԵĳɼռ30ıɲÿǲġ
˼εˣڵĻĻԣ漰ԽԽ㣬ҲԽԽ࣬ĵĹʫһֱǱؿֵ١ڻĵѧͷ⣬ǶЩȴ졣ҲΪˣΪѧԺѧѧûѾ֪顣
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ϴȥܵľܾ˶ľ֣֪ԼŹһζôľͻᡣ
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ԭ֪ԼǾԡ
ǵһָѧңųǰĻƼѧԺҪġ
ȻЩҲĽġ
뿪ʮӣǷ׷׽ԾҲַܿȥ
ȥεĻĻԾȻ˻ǰӰ
ģȻġ
ѧˣôζˣİ
ĿԹǽп಻
һٷֵ⣬ȻǻĿ֣˹ѡ
ԭȴ⣬ΪЩԱ˺ѣȴǺܼ򵥡
СʱȥԲŽ
ϾһٷֵԾȴС
磬ֱӽеڶ츳ԣһԿúܡ
УԭC츳÷65֣һͨĳɼ
ؼڵڶļˡ

ڶ죬
пĳɼѾˣµһ¼ȡ
ԺѾˡǵİ칫ҡ
Ĳǵ˵ͷζҲҪˡ
ֱеѧһĸS츳һС˵ţĸѧֱ衢ǡԭ
ԭһ˸ˡ
Ժźܲ츳Ժҩоо޴
ȻúʣǾ˰ɣνȻԭƾԼı½ѧԺûҪΪһԭȷϺ֮ȥȡһ֮иСѧϿΡ
Ժģ֤񡣡Żеġ

֮ĸѧԺ
ԭͼģԲûиоȡ
ʣµˣ衢ǡȷʵS츳Ҷһ츳
кֻһͨŮӣǺ磬һӵܣһŵĵӡ
Ǽ򵥵ļһǣ˸ǰסͰ༶ˡ
֮иСѧѧˣǵ񵽴Ҳʽˡ
Ѿš
֪ˡ
ѾνĽҲǼ￨ƣһ޿Լһٿ¹ҩ衣
ҩ޿ˣؼǼ￨ơ
һǼ￨ƣɾʹһλɾʦҲĿǰѧԺҪġ
һУǼ￨ƾͳ
ǣҫۡ
һһȥ̲סЦһһһˣˡ


800 λʦ
һҲһظĹȴȺڰ޳һȼ
ţͷӦĻ档
˵Уڰ޳ֻǾûǵģҲǾţͷͲһˣڵظ治Ѻͻǣһ䵱͹ְֵ
ȻЩǴ˵
ϵͳڸſƣǼţͷ
ԵܿǿƱ滭һţͷֲֳָ棬ɽĹɡ
ϸҲˡ
ţͷ
ԣի
ʵ
ӵѧꡣ
ӵɷл鹦
ӵмܣۡ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺɷʦ
ʵǺܾȵģΪţͷɷȻȰ޳˲٣ҾȻһֽ鹦Ĺ
Ҫ֪ɲһĹĹڣҲܭǷ˼ȼĹ
鹦ȻʺϹҪ;Ӧ׳Ԫһʶ˵ͻơ
ţͷʲôۣȫҪ
νĹۣӦһܲ鿴Ԫ񣬻߻ǵ۾ѾʶôѾ
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⾹ȻǴİ꣬Ҳ
ǰٻСʱС໹ֻнӽ񾳽Ϊλһǧİ꣬ȻɵΪȻڵӾУȷʵҲˡ
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ꡣ
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ӵѧꡣ
ӵɷ
ӵҽ߼ļ
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μĺҲв٣Ҫ˵һλǻ治ȷ
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ˮݾˣˮԪذ壬Ǳõġ
Ѿϵͳ˽⵽ԪذֻΪ˺֮еϵͳӦھٻ棬һԪذ壬ŶӦԪصлɷʩչˮԪذ󣬻Ԫذ壬Ժ󾻻ˮдãҲܺܺõӦڸС档
λʵﵽҲǱȽϲġ
ϵͳҴţͷ鹦ıԼˮԪذ塣
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ϢǵԺȥ޾֪ʶ
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鹦ȻֻҪ֮ۼռ֮еĻ֮Ӷ׳ԼԪ񡣱˲ãɷ̺˸ε淨ֻǿϧȴǸ޷⣬ĿǰҲֻܻеʩչɷˮԪذ壬Ԫذܱ
ٻˡ
Ѫȥǰ
ԺãͬʱڣеţͷЩɭɭģǵظģֻĸݣǾɣӾ֮еǸһȣȫһϣһ¡ĺԵЩΨΨŵŵģһֱ˭۸˭ġ
λʦãǻӦ˼һ£ţͷֲУҸһְɣ
ţͷ棬һְ
䣬ţͷ϶ֹһһѧԺֺбҪ
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ţͷԾԼĴӣΪ˼
ţǵ˵ͷ漴ֿλ񣬡μ棬ĺ񣿡
ˮӡ
̲ססǵˮӵĺμ棬ܱ߰


801 С龫
μ֮УˮӺǿռԼŮͺˮӺ񸮣νǱҵúܡ
ɮʦͽûһƻҪȥ
ЩͬĿλˮӺ񣺡ҲѧԺôȻǺǾԺΪգúӺˮô
˿ǣƺȷĲǶϷô
ҪкӺӣŵ
ǽкӺˮɣˮӺЦѣƺѧԺȻǱ۸
λʦȴǲιһѧԺȤһֱԺѧǶͶ˺Ŀ⡣
ͬѧǣҸҽһ£ѧԺƸλʦֱμĺˮӺ񣬰ӰԼظĹţͷѧǼҪ֪˵СλʦԺѧԺ϶ѧĶ
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꣬λͬѧˡһڣѧ۾˸Ǹߺ㡣
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һȺѧʵֱð亹λʦٴμʶȺܺӵĿֲ
ԺжԶԶɣ
صԼİ칫ҡ
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ǽǵİ칫ҵľʱһС
ʶԣȴ˵
ʱ˭ʲô˭Ըµİˣȫ䵱ǵС顣
ѧԺ֮Уһжɵתš
ʱ磬ȴڳһһķչ


802 
磬һĵط
һǧ˵Ĵ壬Χﶼһָġ
Ȼһ֣ûʲôˣǰ߶ûС
ôԴĭ壬ƺҪˡ
嶫ͷʮʮµĺͯվŶӣƴذʲô⶯ѧԺѧѧ׽
ΪЩͯѧʦʹಢš
ˣĿγ̾͵һʦǻѧ濴˿ʱ䣬ôþͿˣǺ¿Ρ
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ǸоϷЦ˻ûκεıԹ
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ҪҰүѧ˳֮ǲǾͲˡ
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ѧʦˣǱĳ˷ھ϶顣
֪˭һ䣬һȺáǺ͵ĺǲͬʦǳ𾴣ʦ縸ɲġ
뿪֮󣬾ֱȥĭˡ
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ˣһǱĴ峤һĭе֣ѩ
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ôĭЦ峤Ǵһֺ̣ǲԺ꣬꣬һԺ깱ҪҸǰ׼ã
ɣʲô˼峤һڲĭŭˡ
峤ȻʣҾʵʹ峤ף깱Ժ깱嶼ύˡĭ˵ŵʱ򣬻վ磬Ҫıģɲװӵġʲôɳţǡ
ˣֱǷˡ峤һľʧ룬ɳϴɣ治֪жٵɣǣһ᲻úġ
Ǵ峤Ժúÿôġĭһ˼븯峤Ǳūˡѩʹ峤ȥԺúõذ꣬ûϹЩûõġ
ǣɡѩŴ峤ȥ峤ʱڰţ˵ʲôɳһŹĭ֮Ļ


803 ɳ
ȴ峤Զˣĭ徻ˡ
һԵ棬̲ס㿴ĿɿˣոҲҽѵһǸ֪Ĵ峤
ΣǴ峤ʮˣʱҪƨҪǽѵ˴峤˵յѧԺ
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ټɳٹ̣ηɳŸĭڴٿƷʯܻõİȣȫûбҪɳš
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ҲĭҪЩСӵԭҲǻֵˡ
ĭôһӣ֪ôһ죬չʾôǿ󣬿һûɳţ˻ǻ
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ˣɳŽɳһλ浤ߣǲֵһᣬһھܰˡɳµͽʦĴɮǰɱˣϺ˵ΪͷҲ֪µɮǶ񾳵Ĵڣ֣ĿǰǵĶ֡
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ˣǿЦĭȴ֮Աǣ֮ǰ֪ɳŵĵϸ֪ˣһоûôѰˡȻɳɱãΪʲôܻ˼·˵ոɳǻܴĹϵʱ˵˳˳ˮˡ
ոɳ⵹һ⡣׳۾һֻɳΪ˽Բôշġ
ֻҪ֢ҩûʲôѵģѹɳϸϽһݣһ취ġĭޱȣ˵˵ɣ⼸ϸͳһ·Բǧǧ֮ڵһжܽᵽ档ˣһǼ˵һ°ɡⷽԲǧ֮ڣдһ˸˿ڽʮºͯռ12棬ɳţдССʮһ
ĭ渵˶ǵ˵ͷ
ĭԺӣһжǰ˵£ڲǸ֮ͿƼͳЩҺ֪㵽Ҫʲô׳ʵҲ֪ġ
Ȼˣȸ㽻סĭҲʱ̹ˣΪȫƿţɹ2Ҳ罨һǿɣǲܵ飬Ҿ뵽һػص·ߣǾȰ̳ϰΪ飬ȻټϹͶƷЩɡ
˵㡣üͷ
ðɣĭһЦܼ򵥣һһһΪģƹͿƼͻḻԣǿһԥ̲Χ䣬Ȼģʽֱͳһǧ֮أǧĵһƬڶһһɳҶˣͽдɳȻǵ޵ģһɳȴѹЩɣǸ׳Ƴ
ȫһŵӣּƻҲ̫ˡ
ôˣϸĭż˶Щ¶ӣȻˣʵʩ϶ֹô򵥣һɳкܶҪôǳأôѧУô˰
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Ҳ֧㡣м˵ǺȻѧԺѧǸով⣬ȫĭ˵Ѫ
ллҡĭȻһЦΪ֮
ڳҲֻ濴ˣĭҪɳ˵ɹ񣬵һ˼롣
ǳ֮ΪʥôĭҪΪŮŮʡ
֪ЩҲûʲô˵ģϾĭ˵оݣ˲òŷ
ʱ򣬴˹Ȼܵ˴峤Ľˡ
ٴĭסΧס˸ǽҪĭϳ塣


804 
ĭԱߣλѧԺѧ̿
Ǳ飬ǻܰæǶԸһȺ޸֮Ĵµȥ֡
ңºûϵһ˦֣ɲ뱻һȺӳӸõĳҶӡ
ĭʱˡһ֣صΪŮʵĴۣǧҪͦס
Щ̲ѵûиоǶǵĺá׳Щ⣬̲ס̾ѡ
Աߵѩ֪ô˵ȻҲˣΪĭ˽ӴˣҲؽӴ˵˼롣ñڣѩҲĴ񲻿ĭ˴˲Ƹǳ֮ӦøжǣҪĭ
ĭû˵ʲôɫȴҲǼĲÿ
Լ̫ˣЩ̫ãʹЩʧȥη塣
ʱʩ֮һζʩöԷ۸һжӦġ
ĭֱ֮ƿš
棬һٶŴŸɻĹߣ׶
ĭοֻһٶˣҪٵöࡣк֪ܶͼģһҲûа׷ѡ
ɣ㲻ɳŽ깱ɳſ϶Ǩŭ塣ʱһ֮ȥԣ뿪ǵĴӣǿɲΪɥȪһͷĴǴ峤ĶӣҲһεĴ峤ѡˣԴĭ˵һδ峤ˣһδ峤ʵˡ
ʱҲǸźڡ
ĭʱ̲סЦˣЦĺ䣺ɳţˡɳŵɣѵҾͲˡɳŵɥȪѵҾͲܡɳÿǽ깱˵İǣǾȻ˵άǡҸǴĲƸ˳ϣҪܵǵѣǿЦ֮
ĭĻܺȻವġ
ͷŵɫ԰ףʲô㲻Ҫ
ĭĶɱ⣺ҽҪ㣬ǲܵġûңһӻֻһͨķӣǵҲһɳҲǸ²ǣһδεոǣֱҲûһֵҸǴ˳ϣ˲Ƹֻƾһ㣬ǾӦøжңǧл
˵ĭһӣӾǺɳȥ˼ʮԶͷѪ
ܵˣɪɪ
ĭʱۿȥеĴĵͷҴһ
漸һ߿ƵƵͷȻԸЩ֪ĴͲ̫ʴȣȻǷôߡ

ĭһдŵȫӣû˸Ҷ˵ʲô
ƾĭһܰѴ峤Ķȷɳȥˤ˭Ҫٸ˵ʲôֱɱˡ
һ̵ĴƺЩˣվɣǣҲǡ
ڶ죬һзƽ˾
ˣĭֿһҶ
磬˵ˣǶӶûСĭȴҵһֽڴ󶹵ֲǸݶ˳
ɣⶹһϴǮѩ˷ܵ
ƷֻһֶΣҪǰΧһߡĭ˵ţߵķоҪϣʱΧϰٸ˶ҪƷͨҲѸٴҵΣǰĽģʽᱻȡ
ŶѩƶǶЩ̫ˡ
ʱȻֵ
ɣˣɳŵˡһɴҴҵ˹峤ʮѾȥӭˣǵʱһڮġ
Ļʱ򡣡ĭ˵ţ֪ͨ׳ȥڼϡ
ڴ
ĸʮӣŽָʹ
峤ţſǻ峤ɣҪΪ
ļҲǵͷͰݣɳŵ
Ϊ׵һֵܵɳűӣѵ˭²ɣ
峤Ķʱ򼤶֪Ǵﲻ֪һλŮɣڴﴫ˵ǽ깱ΪۣȻһ٣ϻмء
ĸӻ࿴˿ŭѡ
һֱӵǷɳŵĵ̴磬ǻòͷˡ
ԱһЦЦ֪֪ɢޣˣҼöˣȫǲ֪ߵغɵ档
Ҳ̲סҲЦǴĵ׿Щɢޡ
ɳŵɹĴҲҴҸ˳Χ˽ǧˡ
ʱһȺ𣺡ɳţ˲ӣԺɲǵĵˡ


805 ŮΪ̫
Ծÿһ·ʱĭż˴Ӻ˳
ǿĭЩηģ峤ʹ峤ѾŵĶ㵽ĸɳŵĵӺ档
һ·ߵǰĭûκεη壬Ц⡣
˵λŮɣΪ׵ɳŵ۾һ磬ŮȻв٣ĭɫĻ治࣬ɳŵĵ̵ңǳıӵɳҲаħҸһĹĻᣬԺԹԵĸŮɺã
ĭŮǻ֮
ѧԺļѧѾ̲סЦܸоĭֲ÷
ʦŮҡԱһɳŵӺߵﲻ֪ԼλʦֵıԣҪĭĴӦŮûͻᱻˡ
Ůߵлɡ峤ֱ֪ùָĭʮ㣬ǿʮͷ
лŮˮ֮С峤Ķţһǧлӡ
ٴҲǽţɳŵĵΪȫĭ
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һλ˼һµǹ˺ӣǸԣǲô
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ٵСӸ۵ĿĭҲǵʦΪĭǲѧϣйĭһӾʧȥһС
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Ϊ׵ƺҲЩ𾪣ʱ򣬾Ȼ˸վĭһߡ
ǷŭŮ㿼ǵôˣҪǹԹԵĸҵŮҿһȻĻ㣬ЩƻĴ񣬿ɶʲô³
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ٵĴһеļæԶĭǻм˽վĭ棬мĵĭǰ棬Ҫ
Ǿ͹ˡĭ̲סЦˣвһĴԸ֧ûʲô˿ˣȻңҾƴһУҲҪǴһδ
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Ǹƻ棬ɳƽȣԵ
ڤ粻顣ΪӷŭὣնĭǰһλƺҪɱӺ
ҫۣ˶ǻȻ
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д񶼿ˣڹؼʱ̱ǵĭ
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ΪӾ֣ţܣôܣ
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֧ĭĴ񣬴˿ȴ˷ܵغ
ĭһЦƾΪҲ˼ǰŪ֪η
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ֻ꼸ӵĳֱʮأӸǵɳȥʮԶһײһŴ棬֪
ߣŮΪ̫ߣǶıƭˡһɳŵǿˣ̧Ⱦܣֻޱȡ
ӣǲ̫ˡĭ˵ţ˫ִȥӡֻΧľ̽ѸٵľͰӸ
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ĭ΢΢һЦûʲôֻίĸ߹ɳԺһҵţˡ
Ǻǣǹ޳ܵģǹɳȻ᲻ܲˣɳˣôո
ĭһЩصһ̸һ룬Σ


806 пˣҿ壡
̸룿
˶ǿЦѣĭ롣
ʱɲЩǷ˾˵Ļ
ĭɳŵɣǾĭʵǡ˶Ӧģ峤ʹ峤ŵĻ겻壬ٴѾΧָָ㣬ͲǸ̻ˡ
ĭûйǣΪҪȫµĴׯʽ
ƴίᡣ
ε飬ڶĭĴίͳˡ
ѡ٣ѩѡΪһδǣεĵһ飬ͨͶƱѴ峤ʹ峤Ӹϳ塣
ʱȥ죬׳ûлɳǱҲûκεĶ
ʱĭĵһҷڽˡ
Ա߼ľ벢Զؼ￿һҲǳӣųӣذĴ䶼ֱӵ⣬㲻ǿӵĵطĭҲ˵·֮ڵĴ䣬һ·ͨĹ
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šĭ˵ͷʵѾ˳ȥһǰʼӦþͷÿһ䡣
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һʽˡĭ޷ͣΪ˸Щ˼ѧصӡҲǵеĶ˵ʽĴĳǲɹġѧǷӦЩׯĴ񶼿챩ˡ
ʵҲˡ
һЩĴ֮У峤ڼˡ
дôʲôоȻ߼չҰƤҼǵǴЩɶˡһ峤ָָһݣ۾ǰǽЩҰƤǺڴ彻ףڴҲǿΪҰƤȻǸҪ
峤ҪһָָǿΪ·ǺȻǷеһ·꣬ѩӪģ·ĭƣ˿˶ܻز
ЩûõĶ峤ƺ⣬棬ЩûУΰԼһЩ״洢ʳǸġΰͣԼΧʮ嶼ǽȱĺܣۿҪˣҿɲٳһЩɶζûеʳ
峤˵ǣЩ߲ԼʳͣҲҪһ㡣һмʶ˵
һҲҪ㡣һȻڣϴ·ϴ裬ֱûл˵ʵǷ㼫ˡ
췻һǾ򡣡峤öע⣬ˣʮأ첻Ҿʹ˳ڴҿʼԼܳ۵ĶҰƤҿעļ۸񻹲ͣʱȰЩˣ˾ʯ˵
һȺȻĸ
Ĳٴ䣬ҲǲΣԲȫĭ
УĭΰƻĿˣҲܽ
˿ĭҲڲùΪȷеİȫתʮѧάΰν˴Ǯ
ڶ죬컹ûĭڷ鿴̡
ǧˣһⷻ濪˽ʮҵ̣ĻٽˣҲ￪ʮҵ̡
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ǧʳΣ㹻ˡĭһ£֪ʳϡȱƷ϶ǮͰ˵ģһƷʯһʳΣ˽ԼӼۣ֪ô
ǣɡ֪ǰʳξ˵ģҲûһƷʯһģʱʳҲûǰЩʳγɫãֱڿ˦뵽ǧʳεɱʮƷʯʱ־ֱթ
Ǽĵ̡ĭһ·ϣ˰̡·̡ũ̡̡̡̡߲ʳ̵̡̡һϵе̣ЩѾȫ׼͵ʽӪҵˡ
˿֮˷档
һȥǾȻˣѹѹһƬе˸ǲϧ˽Źġ
˿Ķĭ˾⣺ӽ쿪ʼ㽫׸ı磬Щ罨һɳճԽĳɾ͡
ĭ⻰ֱһ棬ô࣬澹Ȼ
ܱѧ̲סЦĭһ̼ߣһ̸ˣȻһĿܡ
ˣ
Ƿп˵
пˣҿ壡
֪˭ߺһ˲Ʋסˡ


807 
ĭʱʾһ·ǱߣмѧԺ·ѧʼά
ٴص棬ʼ뷻С
棬ȥˣ˿۾
ǰķȫǰյķ죬ȻڵǺĶ磬ȴޱȳǰġ
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ΣһƷʯһļٵģһʧҲע⵽ˡ
ȻģǰĭɴڵķľƷʳΣԲǰʹõִοԱȵġǱԳĵطǿƷڹ򡣡˵˵ţԼʳγţԼصš
ãҳмץһѷҲ̲ˡ
ܿ죬Ƕ¶˾ϲɫ⾹ȻʳΣȷʵǰԵθá
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ĵ棬ҲǲضãǼˡ
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ǵģǵͯۡϰ嵭˵ţʱĭĻ˵һƤͨûõǾǷĲֵɴ£ǾʮƷʯ֮ƷļֵҲԣҵϵÿһˡ
ˡӼЩƤëȫ㣬㡣
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˵ⷻһλĭɽģλǺ˰
˭˵ǣԱߵ֪ôǴĭɵĴ£ȫ˺ӡ˵꽻ɳŵ깱ˡ
ĭҲǴȥһˣҲϺӡ

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ĭڲϵز鿴ŷвٵĶ˻չĶҲǶѻɽˡ
һҪôʵѧԺѧҲЩ档
ͼϣһһٸׯôĭָָһɫԲȦðһٸׯһҪֱӽפЩׯЩׯ濪Ȼڷ֮չĶ֮УҪһׯ壬Щׯ嶨Ϊһ򡣡
򣿡һ֪ĭˡ
ҵļƻǰٴΪһʮΪһأʮΪһݡĭӣ˼ⷽԲǧžһ֮أҲǴ൱ǻĵһʡô󡣡
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ֻﻺ³һ仰Уѧ⴫֮ɵĵӣǺôĵӡ


808 иС
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Ͼڴ󲿷ֵ֪棬߾ҪѳϾԵһ
ĭԽݺЩ۾棬һĴ˻һȫԸʶ䣬Իǰ̡
Ȼһ𲻳
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ҪԴ֮·˼裬Ǹͨ˿Ӧġ
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ס죬ס죬ǱƵģҸûκεİ취ɳԴʹ಻
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ûУС֮·ģǡ
ᴫô⻹߹ʲԷ⣬Щԭ򡣡ĭЦһ°ɣɳҾߵĴġҪΪƽ飬СΪΪ߶Զ磬Ϊɷб𣬶źµģӦ֪˵ƽȣǰƽȲƭ˵ģȴᴴһƽȵ硣
ƽȣɳţһУȻֻΪЩ
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ĿԣĭΣջٲһս
ɳѾȵĻԼΪ֤ԼǰǶԵģϧһеɱĭ
ĭһȻ˹ɳѸٵսһ顣


809 ɴоɹ
ɳ浤Ϊĭ٣Ѿ浤۷塣
㺦ôңҾħ޷ңԺͻΪ˵һжǶԵġĭס˹ɳĹѾ֪ɳڵ
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ɳƴһ˿ʵҲں͹ȥӦ磬ȴûĭǽ죬ĭΪһţеҰԳ˵ħռ壬ħ˵ȴħص˵ţܶ⻰ĸûˣȫǶţˡ
װơ׳Ӧ֡
ɳںľеſڵϣƶһָѡ
ƽȣôɳӬĭˡ
ңһܵġĭ֤ųġ
ҪƽȣǾ̫ˡɳ˵֮Ѿ˹ȥȴһ֮ɫ
ȥɣĭ˵ţǱߵˣΪʲôҪ

ҹɫƣһжڳźõķչ
ڶ磬ĭڴ顣
ĭɡɳȳ˽ƻûк͸
ˡĭ̧ͷ΢΢һЦʲô˵ˣΪǹͬ룬һŬɣ
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ĭɣˮɲⷽԲǧ֮ڣһܲɣȥʰǡɳʱ
Ǻðɣĭ˵ͷʾ׳˹ȥɳǺãƹأʺٶ֡
ֻĭ򵥣ˮɲһСɣˮɵӼɳŵֱӾǹˡ
ո˹ɳ֮󣬷Բǧ֮ڣѾȫĭĿ֮С
һº󣬷Բһʮͬʱʮϲһء
º󣬷Բǧ֮ڣԭһ㣬ʮȫ
ͬʱʮغһ𣬳ݡ
ĭʱһ֮أϽ˿ڣ֮ǰļƻ˴ɳ
Ȼֻһܼ򵥵Ҳֻһ֮أǴɳĳһ˹ʽ
ĭĹ棬ԽԽæˡ
ŮʣÿϵѧѾȫϣͯѾѧˡѩڵѾƺĭΪɣǸĿڽŮˡ
ţôĭѯʵ
ɳ֮ڣһʯԤƴߴھʯѾ뿪ɽ׶Ρ⣬Ůʴ˵Ҫ³оԺѾоˮשǾ½ƾǵľסģѾΪڴ󲿷ֵɢ˿ڶڹѩ
ܺã͹ҵĿǰĸʱĻҪչ̣ȶһʱ˵ĭ֪κ鶼ܼɣķչٶѾܿˣˣ˵Ѿעˣȥڸ֮ڲ֪ôˣ
˺б£¸˼ؼԵʱЩɶǵĴڡѩ˵ʱ򣬻Щġ
Ǿͺáĭ˵ͷͷ˿ĵͼϬֻռһ֮أһ֮󣬴ɳķΧɾʮ֮ء

ѧԺ֮Уʱȥķɿ졣
ʱѰС磬ڹŽ̷ˣΪҲرƽˡ
ԺǸոս˸һȺѧѧϿΣʱĽĵ绰˹
ԺҳɹˡĽ𣬴ž޴ϲá
ʲôɹˣǾȣȻʧѵǷɴɴ
ǵġĽ϶ޱȵ˵⻹ҪԺҴѡôѧңȻ˵ǻۣһж׺ܶࡣ
ţȥ˷ܵɴоɹǴ߳򣬽ˡ


810 Ժ
ò˵͵ȴһˡ
棬ǴѰԴøأʱཫٷչʱڡ
ɴƳɹһˣһԵͻơ
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Ķѧң˵ǻ㼯ȫǻۡ
٣һǣĺ˶רңѧԺ֮ͱ
÷棬лˣĹǸ÷˴ĴָΪĽ˷ɴһ⣬Ŵ˷ɴƵʱ䡣
Ӧġ÷˵ƲŵĻĽʿѾڵˣʵľӹΰ
ﲻ֪ĽĹͣԺĽֶдʷᳬʷκһѧҡ
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ãõġĽЩʧ񣬡ǰҷɴһʽ̽ɴ򳤶17.71ף򳤶29.22סõĶǺ˶ԤƷٶ9.213.1km/sȫ̫ϵ֮ɺСɴĲϣʹõĿǰȽKϽ䱸м򵥵Ĺ⣬Ϊһ̽ɴҲ˵ĿǰȽ̽ϵͳ䱸̽ˣɶһԴס
Ϊʲô棬ΪľԴ
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ǴԱأֱѯʵҲǹؼ֮еĹؼԺǼ񼸺Ƕ飬ѾʾʵعΪԣſ˶̥̥̥һֻۣһֻۡ
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ҾͷˡǵҲ֪ļԲȶʲô鶼ҪһһǽǵĹͺˣһԺȷһеĺ·ߡڶǿʼԴԴϵɴ;ķɴȡһڣӵһϵķɴ
û⡣ĽԺ·ߣҲƶˡ̽ɴȷ򣬰շɴٶȣֻҪʮСʱʱ䡣̹֮Уûз⣬ǾͿʼɴ󣬷ɴŻǷȥ̽ԴķѵʱͳˣҪµʱ䡣Ǿǰꡣ
ԣȻѵʱܳǷɴǾͻγһѭÿ춼зɴӵ𺽺ͷǵԺһΣԵģȲҪԱֱʹܻˡ
ţסĽ˵ͷ
ɣշɴٶȣӵҲһʱ䣬ʱ仹еģΪɴݻɣǳ˼һ£˵
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ģҵʵɴըˣҲᰲȻң֮УҲԼɻŵЦЦ
⻰һڿѧҶǴһǰλѾǿˡ
ǺãˡĽ˵ͷ֪ǵݣһäĿΡ
ʵ֪Ȼͻ룬ҲΪϵͳ
Ҳ֧µһˡ


811 ߼Ժջ
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֧ΪѧԺԺѵȥ򿴿ôȥ뱾εԺʶһɣҪޡһǼ￨ƣһɷ
඼ˣǻʲôѧԺ¶˵ǰɣҪ󣺿ȫʱһȫһǼ￨ƣ߼Ժƺţѧٶ3030ѧְ221
ǿһһ֧񣬻Щ𾪵ġ
֧񣬽һǼ￨Ʋ˵ȻһɷǶԴ˳ڴֱܵϵͳײⶫһˣ϶򵥡
ϵͳķˣ֪ȱʲô
ежɷѷҪѧԺѧ׶ΣûЩĲС
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Ϊ񣬾ȻһǼ￨ƣһλɾĴڡ
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ٶ9.9km/sȫ
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ܿ죬ƺ̽ķɴٶȾѾӽ13km/sﵽֵȻٶȾҲûа취ˡ
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Ӱһƺŵı˿̵ƺһҾޣǲݾ޵ˡ
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Ȼ˵ָоȫû̲ס૵ϴԽ̫գʵҲֻǻ˵ǣûаѵףҾȻоЩɶˣѵҪͻƾˡ
ҵϥ£ʼת


812 𺳣39.25km/s
İ֮УǴŲģЩ̭ɸѡµĶǾЯŲʡ
һ̵ͬʱ뵽ǿ֮С
о֮Уǳ֮
ޱȵĺ嫣ب档
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ľоԪ˷ܣڶӣúء
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ûбƺ˦źƺͬٶȡ
⡭ôܣһڿѧҾˣңƺڵٶǶ٣
12.98km/sһλĽʧ
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Ʋϵرһ֣14.21km/s18.39km/s25.33km/s33.33km/s39.25km/sĿѾ̽ⷶΧٶȽ޷ټ㡣ٶ39.25km/sֻҪСʱܵ򡣡
ϣпѧһȻ
39.25km/sٶȣǸж졣
ٶѾƺŵ⻹ֻΪǳƺŵ̽ⷶΧóٶȡ
Ǽ֤Ĵڡһλѧš


813 ϵķ
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˿Цѣʲôô
ǿ֮УҲ֪Լٶȴﵽ˶٣ǿ϶50km/s
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֣һɿֲǣסƺţԶ룡Ʒ˾棬ѧҶǻ̿ѵƺҪ²ɡ


814 ɽ
ĽȻ֪ʲô飬һʱ׼Զ룬죡
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ֻǿɷԼܣѾЦ˻⾹ȻһҲĿǰȱġ


815 ħ壬룡
ֻϸϢȻġ
ƣͼ

ϸϢΪʮأ浤߿13أ浤߿46أ߿79أɾ߿1012أɾ߿1315أɾ߿1618ء
ܣǰ3ص4ؼɲٿˮ𣬲ӵ飬ʶ񣬶ϱ7أԪѪءͷۡ丸׷ա֮۵ȵͨǰܹõЩͨš10أԷգȼ̫̫13أԲ̫16أݺǺӣ£棬㲻
ֹȫǵⷶ룬˵Ŀǰ֪¹

ǱܲϼȡΪãǰ
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ǣǣɽоڲԺˣʦԺѵ⣬Դ־⻷
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̫ˣ̫˼ˡ棬һȫͬǳĸܡ

תȻǹǵΧۣЩǹҪΪɫɫеϽ۳һ΢ǳǳϻԼܿһͼ֮еŵϷһŻǳŽڻƷ裬̫
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ѧԺſڣ
ףⲻǼҵİôôпѧԺˣһ𣬺ȻСȡ
һСܱ뿪ѧԺ


816 ͷҺ
СȵĻ̲סߵСѾͷƬӣ˭أ
ٺ٣ôʵ䣬ҶܽˡСȺܱߵļλɽ˶̲סЦ˭СħŮƶҪòᡣ
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Ǻðɣ翴˿Сȣ뵽С֮ǰı֣ʱҲһģģɵһλͻ񾳽ĳϳˣʮλѧԺСˣ֯һѧԺ̸С
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817 ħŮϮ
ֻСȵСȭͷô䵽ؿڡ
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ϡԿһȫ⻷ƵӰɽ˿ռ֮ţĲҽС
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ּ֪Լ飬˵ֻǹ̽һ鱨ôô⻹ûнؽʹˡ
Ѿͷƭˡ
ˣСȵĸԣôʲô
ģ͸ѧԺǱߴ绰Ԯ
Ǹû˽н
Ү˼ҵСȭȭءС˷ܵ˿һѾɢСվڿռ֮ǰĴƺѰҸոǸɳȥˡ
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ʵ޷ոշһŮģ⿪ʲôЦ
ܣܣŮһħ
̫ˣһСŮôô
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СȴˣһҪռ֮š
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ɽɵĸڡ
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С˷ܵسż˼֣֡
˿Ѿ֪ôԼˣǰСȾѧԺbug
ѾͻƵ񾳣Ȼôģڱܴ衣
ҹؼǣСȽֶûУʮɵʵȻѾɡ
ǱޱȵСҡҡͷЩֵүү㲻Ҫ˰ɣ
ոƽһľ⻰ٴһѪ˳
ǻһ˿ˣ޲й
ʵ̲סˣֱӾЦˣСʵ̫ţˣֻڶ˵ˡ
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ѾƲסԼǣһоͳһ񽣣ķ
СһȴҲ˷зҲУģҵСɰ
Сȵ棬ȻһصĶǾȻǵԸ·ǹ
ֱһǹ͵ļϣȻ׼
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һֺܲõԤУŵֱ˺˰֮Զ
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Сȸɣǹİ
ʱֻһȥŻص̫䣬ҽ緢
ǹһܴݻһСɽشɵĿֲ
ãôܣ
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ɷ˵ģѸٵٻһӵķԼ档
ǹޱȾ޴գ۾ӻΪƬ
ͬʱһСɽȥԪ
ص֮С
λɳϾһҪȥ̽ոǷʲô顣
ʱֻһصˡ


818 
ɴ棬λϿ¶Ĵȫɵˡ
ǹɵġ
˭ɵģһλɳϵ˳Ҳ̫۸ˣҪô
ˣʱһ˹˵ģͨʶǺȻԪˡ
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ĳϣҲ¶𾪵ɫ
Ҫ֪Ѿͻ񾳽磬ǰǴ˵еĴڡ
ȥһˣȴֻʣһԪ⵽Ƿʲô
ˣ׼ӭУѧԺɱˡʧ˵ţһŮھؽ磬ܿͻɱɽ
ôĵӣɱؽ磬ɳϵʸɭɭ˵ţʵܿѧԺԺ´˵ʱһѧԺͶһɼ֮Ҳˡ
ѧԺֱһɳϿˣֽҲͻƵ񾳽ĳ֮һ
ͬߡ
϶СѧԺԺǿЦúܡ
СǱߣջǹ
ͬʱóԼ׳˵ĺܡ
ʱԵע⵽СȵһöռָѧԺѧԺһġ
ĿǰСȵһöռָʣԶһĿռָö֮ࡣ
ߵСߣЦѣСȣǱ㺦ˣмǧɵӣһλͻƵ񾳽ǿߡʸҹǸոͻƵ񾳽磬ʵҪϡټϣƷɵͷǱס԰ճɻҽ
С⻰ȴЩ˷̫ܵˣʶһء
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˵˵ͷֻصķˣֱһɫ籴һصӣһӡ£һصĲƿӣһ֦ӡ
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СһƷֶβ򵥣ѧԺûЩ
ߣ˿ֲĹҲҪСʸ
̫ˣˡСȿô๥ǵضҲɣ
ֻСʩչǳ޵նβͬǣϴֻ磬תķ籩ģȴǶȻ˻ɫԽԽ죬ǺȻǿֲңҾ˵˻
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ķΧԽԽ㣬ת۸˷Բס
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ѧԺԺʵôʸѾСȳ˼ɵѾСȷŵ˱ҪߵĲΡ
Ժ˵ң֮Уҽ۳һСȣǲǸʲôôѧԺԺ


819 ˼ʵֻһСѧ
ʸЦʵ㲻ѧԺԺ϶ҲѧԺһλ꼶ʦɣ
ֲ²ⲻ޵ҲϿɻʸĲ²⡣
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ǰһСѾͷôֻѧԺһѧ
СȻ壬ЩŤ˵ô̫ˣڲϵ꼶
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ⲻǱĳѧԺѧ
ʸźڲѧԺм꼶ǲ߾꼶
ʵֻҪˣ֪ѧԺڵ꼶֣ǻʸûؽ磬治֪
С˵ǣƻʸЩο
ֻСȵôֻĸ꼶ǹСѧ꼶ˣǳв꼶ء
ʸѾǲˣɪɪ
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Ҫ֪ʸҲһ꣬ճΪ˵ǿˡǳѧԺѹ磬Ƶֻܴɵ˶ؽ硣һǽӽ꣬˵֮ڣгͻƵ񾳵Ĺ߸ͻƵ񾳡ʸҲ˺ѧԺһϸµʵ˭뵽ΪʵʵһѧԺСѧ򲻹
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ʸʱһһ𣬷أ
ֻľȻ˹СȾͷ˹

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ֲǿķȻֲ
˭ˡ
ǾŸ飬Ǳ൱һλ۷ǿߡ
λɳţ˷ޱȡ
ɾʱֻ棬Ȼ˾Ÿ޴С
䣬һѪۡ
СѾײӰһ
ӵҵ츳ֳֵһ˲䣬ʵͿıʡ
֮֮
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ˣķˣ
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ʱϸСȵ۾Ȼȼյ̫һŲ˼ܡ
ˣŸһ˫۾۾Ҳˣ˼μս˰¯ɵǻ۽𾦣Ҳ̫Զ˰ɡ
СȺ˭ܿ˫۾ͬǿֲ֡


820 Ӷһ
ʸ˿ɫڣ߬ž֡
ʧȥ˾Ÿ飬ȫһͨӣûʲôˡ
ɵɷôٵˡ
ܣܣ
ʸţѾ˱ıԵԪ粻
λϴ˿ȻûбҲĵ׻̿֡
ɱ
ؽ磬ôѵɱ
֯ɵĵӣɡ
λ˲ö⣬Ϊ飬Ϊȫ
СȿеһϣŶãΪʲôҪأ
Ļ˵꣬۾淢һɫĹ
˲䶴λϵ壬ȻλϻûзӦʱ򣬾Ͱճ˷ɻҡ
ֻһԪǿ˳
λϻ̿ޱȣɪɪ۾Ҳ̫ˡ
Ƿʱٶȿȼ⣬޷ֵ
ʵһҽŨߡ
Ҫ
һʵǳܲסֲֿѹֱɱСȣǴƴһˡ

Сȵ۾תηĲǹһƬ⣬ںֵķΧ֮ڣеһжڻˣΪҽλϷĲҽУ˫Ŵ˿˲ͲˣҽСȣĴȱȥ

ƴغţҽȻû
嶼ڻˡ
Ԫ˳ȴǱСץ
쵰㲻ú
ŭ۾Ѫ죬˻ƴ̶촽ΪҧƣѪ˳
ȻˣǶұСްɣ
СȺһ۾ɨǰȻҽ֮
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ҲһǾȻܵĻᶼûС
ʸ֣һɳ졣
ֻСȵӰȻϿգղ֪ʲôʱѾѪ֮ɫǹҽ

ʸһҽУҲǱճɻңֻһԪ
һСޣ
СһץѻʸԪץС
˵ԪҲҽΧţ޷ߣ׷ױСץ
ҮСˡ
Сȿ˿Ԫҽ˵ԪһҽͻᷢĲҽС
ɣ߸񾳳ϣȻ߸Ԫ
Ԫˡ
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Сһ֣еҽ뵽֮С
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СʱͷһЦʤգڼ۾棬Ƕħ΢Ц
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ЦѣҲ̫ݶ˰ɣ
СȴǲʲôûɱɵļλϣѾǺܲˣ˵ĽоһˣߵԪ棬塣ٺ٣ǼĽ飬ʱС׬һʲϷѡ
Ϸѣ
һսСȿʲôĽԪ񵱳оϣǷ
ɽˣ
Сȿɽķ򣬺Ȼð⣬ѡ

ѧԺ֮С
һѹһľ̼ɡС˵ʱУ֪顣
ţܲص˵ͷɣΪѧԺ˴󹦣ѧԺ㽱ġ
ʲôģⶼӦõġСȵ˵ţǲ⽱ӡ
Ǵؽķǧʳģǿȥһؽ硣С룬ȻǸûµĻҾ͸ˡ
ãæԼȥɣص˵ͷ
ţغһͳսʦǡ
һ˵ͷͳս˾ͽؽ硣
ֻǱɾؽ磬˿̾Ȼһսζ
һüͷؽӵģ
ҡͷǰؽҲİôڹͺͺģûУɽôǺġ
Ҳ֣ǰ޷⡣
һһ֣ôˣȥ֪ˡ
һȺ֮УȻǾ;ˡ
ֻɣ类ǨһеŴûһȺϵģٵɵӣǵֻһá
ɵĲر⣬Ѿ֪ȥȫǿտҲҩ԰Ǳһ
һüͷСǸʲôϽɹʲôô
ԱߵļҡҡͷǷû˵СϽɹʲô
ʱʮſõɵӷһʱ翴һ
Ϊ׵ɵӣˣѧԺĴ˰ɣˣ


821 ƾԼıĶΪʲôҪϽɣ
һΣһ﷢ʲô飬ϸ
Ϊ׵ɵһѱһ˰֪һħŮɱɵλϣҰһաɵĲر⣬ϵʯҩڼףˡΪǽЩֱ伫ȫ㣬Ȼһա޳ܲҪŮˣֱƽ
Ҵûм˺޳ܵŮӡ
ǰ̫ɶˡ
̬ǾһŮ̬۸ңҲˣ
һȺɵĵѰٻҧгݣѧԺЩʦǰ˹ȥ
ˣʵ̫ˡ
ˣʶŮôΪ׵ѯʵ
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ȻǵֻĽĵ绰ֻĽЩصԺǶزΣǿˡ


827 
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绰ǱߵĽûشĬˡ
ʱ򵭵ֱ˵ˣ׼ˡ
Ľĺܳأڵ绰߶ܸоԺһδһλϢǻǵλáҵƲ⣬Ӧ֮еһֶ̽Ρ⣬Ŀĳ֮з̽忿ʱ̽ȻԶһλϢ˵Ľ豸ͨ豸ʲôطѰµ򡣡
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ĽĲ²Ǿֻ˵һ㣬̫ϵ¶ˣ֮ǵҲ¶ˡ
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ĽƺҲܸоǵĽţԺ˾ǻԶҲڼʮ֮⡣յ򲨶δϢ򣬿ܶڼʮ֮ˣûбҪôġΪڼʮ֮󣬵ĿƼˮƽﵽһµĳ̶ȡ
ǵ˵ͷ㻹ǺϿɵġ
һһӣ˵ʮ֮󣬾ʮ֮֮жɱ񾳱ߡ
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ģǿɾˡ
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⼸Ϣȥ
ſھʱϵ·仯ΪһضȺܴķװ

ϣĽڴϿɻԴ
ͬʱ࿪ʼϷԴɽ㿪ɻϵԴ
ʱ䣬ҲƵƵĺ͸쵼֣㾡ƽȫ̡
ܵһϣ嵽ʱֵܳĻңҲӦӦԴʩ
µһ죬ѧԺ֮ڿΡ
ȻΪԺǲὲεԺǺԺǻһЩγ̵ġ
ſγ꼶ѧģǹͻƵɾĹؼԼԪҪ㡣
ڿγ֣ǽСѧٳɡ
νɾ磬ʵޣӵż޵֮ҲǴ翪ʼʵΪһֲһߣʼųߣͨϵתһֶΣųΪΪȻȻĿ
һҲԶ׼ˣͻɾĹؼḶ̌ΪһǰˢøжȵḶ́Ͽ㡣
ȻԪǿǸżΪûУ˦㣬Ųԡ
ˣôͻƵɾ磬һڿٽһڿξ͵ˡ
ѧǵ˵ͷһڿζ˲ڴ
߳ңǱߵ˪ٸ˹ǵȥ֣þûȥˡ


828 ױ仯
εЦЦӦ˺˪һ֣û뵽ͱ˪˹
˪ڴǲҾܾɣڵĵǰ˼ˡ
˪ҲУĵѾʮǰͬνǷ˷츲صı仯
뿪ѧԺܰ
ǻɽʮǰʶ˪Ȼ˪ɽΪ꣬κүӡ
˺ѧԺȻʱǨĸо
߽ɽУΪĿƼģܸо׵Ŀٱ仯
ԿԿǰĹѾˣʹõҪôµĿԶʻ˽ҳҪôǹõһִֹ޴ޱȣĹ·غϣмǿյģ˽ҳԴͨУ˿ǴԱ£˳ж³
⣬µĿзɳҲѾС
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ǺĽ߽һ·ŵ꣬ǻһҸߵƷר꣬ŮΡ
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ֻص˫ͶһȫϢͶӰȻǺ˪ͱ档
Ǻ˪Դ˶ȣΪѾǳ̬ˣּҲѾǰӦõ֮С
һ·ǵϣȻģȴȫһֺʵĸо¼ֱ̫ˣŮεܻĹؼ
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˷ֱ·ս˿ռָ߳ŮΡ
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ֻǾȻһȫ͸磬绰˫Ƶȫһ
ЩЦãڵֻʮǰϿܴͨһ漣ˡ
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֣ʲôô
СǣûµĻͻԷС̺ͱˡ
ЦЦãϻȥ
˪ЦĿǣ˼Զ
΢΢ЦʲôһȥɣҰ绰Ļ漰ʱһǾҪԷˡ
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ǼߵˣһɶͲͻֱͲ͵Ǽ档
Ǻ˪һʮ긾ŮվǵС̡
ȻǵС̱ǵĸ˰֮࣬ʵϣڿǵĸ׾ȻҪλС̻Ҫᡣ
С̵Ů֣ʮ꣬Ǳʮ꣬˻û档
СǻˡϼҲǵСȥһӵ
С̺áЩΣ֪λС̵ģĸ׼ѧߣҲĸ״ׯһλŮѧҲѧߵԭԸΪ˴λС̶ͨũ˴ͬ
λӦ˪˰ɣҿû˵㡣ϼЦЦϸһ˪Ǽ˴ˡ
С̺á˪ҲźȻѵõЩߡ
СǣŮ֣㿴ʶɣϼԼŮ˹ⲻǿɽѧôȴţԺɽУ˵Ҫ鷳ǵĵط
ʲô鲻鷳ģⶼӦõġĸЦЦǲʲôϾԶݲֿͬɲˡɽѧҲһѧУڲ˵ʮУҲ࣬ܿɽѧǶһ
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829 һɳ죬Ļ
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ǵĿ佱Щߡ
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˪ЦЦҲҪҪֱӰһźڽɫĻԱֵĻ档
￴˿ԱһصͼһдŮ֣һдŮĸ֣Щֻϸ϶ϲ
ðɣָûп⿨ĸطĻԱ
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Ȼɩ͸ģŰɣϼҲʶԱΪֻС벻⡣
һ򵥵ʶˡ
ǶλСûЩȤģΪ־ȻA츳
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ϼʱεǸŮصģƵҪ裬ǵġ
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㼱ģȻɽѧѵ˵㻰ɡǧҪ˵֪һ˼һŮεĸߵ·ҵƤ뵽ϼеη壬һֱ޹ϡ
ˣһ˵ġ̲סЦ
㿴ǲһȹ·˳չʾǰ·ԭۿҪ࣬йϵ˱˵ĻԱۺҪǹڵġ
֣˵ŮεĻԱģܽ赽ҲġЦЦ
ֵԵǺܲġЩԺ˵ŮεĻԱǹֵģ˵㶼ţһдŮˣһȴдŮˣǱ˵ŮεĻԱҶΪϷֵˡ
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ѵŮεĻԱּޱȡ
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831 
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ôǾȥЩ佢ռ¡Цŵ϶֪ǵĵһĴݻٵһУõ೹ʱǿƽ٣Ҳͼˡ
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ɿҲǵǰ˵ϵٷչǧ꣬˵ΪĵˡϧˣѾ¶ǵǰԺֻܱūۡ
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ǣʮӡ
ȻͿ޴սɳȥ˼ʮöڵ
ЩڵһֵŶڣ޴ս֮гõһ
䣡䣡䣡
޴촫һҵ佢Ƭ
ԪħȽսЩ佢ûһս֮ȫǰһ
ڵ֯ٿ߻飬ԪͨȫϢͶӰѾȫλ
ǺȻǸо֮ƺ͵һ
ԾĿķȻɫޱѾµʲô
ĽӰ룬أ֮ǰĶʮ佢ȫ١
ңԪ׶ǾˣʱҶǷзġ
ĩգĩա
һСͳʧ˶ɫ԰ףȻŵĲᡣ
ĸԪҲò
ˣԶǵĿƼѾ˱׵ĸ򡣡һԱ߹ҵüҾӦѺЭ̣ȡǵꡣʵͶˣֻҪ֤ܹȥǿԵġ
˵еиСͳ˵ͷڣžѧԺҲûκΰ취򲻵ѵ£ͶǺбҪġ
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ֻǻ˵ļʮ佢ѣЩ˾˵˵ǰЩ˻ֱӵꡣ


832 
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֮оܻ˺̸뷨Ҳ˵ˣȻҲᱻҡ
˴ˣҪǸսʿų򡣡˵ţʹݻǵսкǺ̸˼һսһĺ̸ֱεֿ֣˭Ҫٸ˵֣ĹҴӴʧڵ򡣡
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ҺãҸҼ򵥽һ˵ĿƼˮƽĽ𣬡ĿǰյѾտռԾԽй֮ڵĿռԾɴȺѾ̫ϵȥ硣Ȼ䱸սĿǰ֪еںͼڣǵȻҲصļۣǳ͵Ĵģɱȴǻûо
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ҵԪףҲϣĿǡ
һΣȴ޷϶Ļش𣺡Ҳ֪˵ľʵԼǵˮƽﵽʲô̶ȣ޷׼ȷĴ𰸡ѧԺڵѧԺѧʦ򣬾˰벽
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ȻеǣȴҲսӿҪ߳棬ȱһϴѧԺϧһս
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ùˡһϾҪҲסˣ֯þӺ;죬άֺΰС
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ʲôã˰ǷչƼ߽棬ֻӵǿ󡣡һȽ˵˶ѺõģǲӦõˣӦûӭǵĵҽ齨ӢѺ֯˭Ը룿
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833 ٵ
ô귢ôǣЩǳеͨš⡢λȶ;ȴһĿʼ׹䡣
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СţǡꡢӺˮɽϡİŷٹա׹áˡˡˡˡˡطԼ
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Ľˣھڴ⣬ſֲĿƼδ֪ǻλʦΪǲ뿪ɽǧҸǵֻһǾػѧԺ֯ѧǣ֤ǵİȫ
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ط˺ͺΪǿĵɽǧﷶΧһɱǻģǿԷģڹؼʱҿ϶ֵģսǾ޿뿪̫ϵˡ
ʦЩЩġ

ѧ칫ҡ
һȺѧҲֶԲߣεѧ᳤Ҳڵһˡ
ŮʾȻˣ˵ĲôƴȤ
˵ˣʲôĴˣĭ֪ϢһʱϻѧԺĹԼƻʱˡ
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834 ߻
֮Уܶࡣ
ռ¡֪棬ӵ˶򣬼ֱǷëǡ
ҵЩķֳٶȺÿ죬˵ʮȥͻһˡ
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Զмֵ򣬽ԶȦһһո
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֮УеǿռһūϵǻŷԼΪԼԴⶼǺܳ顣
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һϵеļƻô˿ڣǸҷģҪץȥΪԭҺĲϡЩ˳ģҲҪƴΪץȥ򿪲ɿץȥʵ飬͵ǰߵսڻҡ
ʮӣϼ⵽ߡһʿƺЩȣΪߣҲԭ߽ףʵ̫Сˡ
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һǱ塣ռ¡òϵԽԽū۵ļֵ
ϵ࣬ƶȻңжٶҺ͵ңͬ࣬Ϊ֡⣬ӵĿĸռ䣬漣ǵĿƼҲֻܼ⵽ЩռĴڣ޷̽ʿ
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ǣʮӡʿӦս˵˷һĹߣͿһ޴ƵĻ˵˷򶼸ڵϵκһطһ棬ȫܿϳֵӰ
ĵ˻ȻˣǿһĻη塣
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835 ϸ
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ܱߵһңҶԻķ˲ˡҵԪףȻֿ
ΪģγһȦӣȦĹԪ״ͶɡԼɡ
ѧԺأôˣǲǼʶ˵ǿѧԺͷڹꡣ͸ǣѧԺǿסģǾһȺ˽ߣһֲԣԻһʱ·ֻͨˣȥǵǱǵȥ
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һվ˶ӣԺҲûЩʲôˣҪĴۡ
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836 ˭һࣿ
ܹоЩԪħ棬ǿľɿ
ڰɿ¶ΪƺֲܿʵҲǳɾˡ
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ʮӣ㲻Ҫѵ˵ȫɣһԪħѯʵ
Ҫһ֣ɱӺȻ岻ЩµǹԹԱūۡռ¡ЦʱЩĵĵ࣬ǿš˶ʮڵĵ˿ڣֻҪʣµٷֳֻܿ
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ңΪռ¡ʱΪ˶սȫжѻش̽Ƕˣûк·лĹţ˾ٴιҲҪ֮ˡ
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843 ʱ٣
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ǰĵ඼˵ʲôţʲôңǱֱˡ
ѧԺԺֻƾһݣ
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СɿȻӣԼϡĺӣЩˣǵ˵ҵһ컯ʵΪѧԺѧ
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844 ŭ
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ΪѧԺǿ϶ǲҪģҲһᡣ
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845 һڲ
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ڰվϷһͶƱְ֧ΪھȻߴ89.2
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ʱҲûɶɫˣߵЩʲô飬˵ɣ
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֣żһ꼶ѧ֣ͤٲȻ˴
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ΪݣȴҪϸһЩųɣҲΪֺá
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һδ֣ܱȿǿˡ
ڵѧԺ棬Ǵ˶˭ñҪʽΣ磬Ż֡ñȶܣȻΥѧƶȣݾưɣҹޣΪɱһӰ٣ŸǰַŵͬȵĴϣɼ϶жء
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ðɣҾ͸ߴΪʲôChronosHua滢֪ͣ϶߲ˣҶֻ֪ҽChronosHuaʱҲẰHuaʵHuaҵϣĵϡһˣķ֮ѪͳǻѪͳڻĵֶֽ̫İˣ޿ײļ߶֪
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ɽ±ƣô֣Ժô
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ɽ˸ִֵֹƼΪ档
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Ŷԭǻϣѧϡ
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ģڳ浤磬ʧ˼ΣЩꡣ˵ѧԺǱ̽ڤǵԾ͸ȥˣ˳Ҳɢġ֮򣬸˵ֱͻˡĽΣ֪һȥģĭһԻϲԩң֪ˣĭ϶
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ϵͳ⵽츳ŰѧԺ
浽ѧԺ֮ҲǶйעֱڣʲô츳ûоѡ
ȵȣǺȻЩԣڤ˵ҲмʮڹյڵĿƼˮƽķɴٶʮһҲڤǣǲǸʲô
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󴫻Ӱôҿ룬ǳʲôԭ򣬶ܰһеûзˣҲҪʬ
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ԼʮĿԱԼʮܻ˸ոյڤǣʹǵķɴһ׶ǶһĳӡЩӰŰΧסȻϿʳһǸʳ
Ƶ棬ԱļС
Լܻ˱Ƭ龰
ȻӵԪż۷ʵͻײȴȻѲá
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⵽ʲôǿʵɫأּ׳治ܷɣҷƺǿȫһȻֻһӷ˼ͷȻûκһΧǡ𾪵ǣֳƺпֲǻۣ˵ģǷһжȻǲ߻õġ
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Ϊʲô
壬ǳ塣ϳ˳壬˵һһĸʡģʺĵطΪʲôгĸʵĴڣǿܻϵĴڡԺ˵һĸʾ൱һԪħǿ󣬵ʵһڵĸʶ޷⡣
壿
ǵģ֮վ۷ȺĿ޴󣬶ҳ˻ԡ
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Ҫĺľǳĸʣմӵͼ߼ĸʷΪͨĸʡĸʡʼĸԼۼĸʡĸʰĽ׶ΣַΪڡɳڡԼȫ塢塣ͨĳĸʽ壬Ѿ쾳ĳսʿĳĸʣվĳսʿĸʣǾڶ쾳ĳսʿ˾壬쳬⾳ĳսʿ
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ĸһܴȴ⣬Ϊǿ˵ĸôģֻ˵ǳĸʵ츳ˡĸʻһ̵ĳѨñĿף֮ΪĸĸĸԴ̼ˮһЩϡпʯڳĸһĳսʿȻЩսʿѰԴԴԴϵĸʴµĳսʿ޼ɵȡԴķʽʱ˲һΪС
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ǵ֪ЩѾʲôˣĽȻѧԺ
ӰһֱѧԺ֮С
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ȻںҲô׵ġ
˵ģп϶Ҫ귽ıػ꣬Ȼ˫ںϵʱܿܵˣ߿ܵ»ɢʱϾȻЯ⣬һɼұһΪˣһȻҪػꡣ
ڶֻԵɺ֮£˫¶˳Ҵںϣ졣
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һοռԾʧܣ䵽һߵ򣬻ãã֮УܿΪȱӶò뵽״̬
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쿴ʲôһʿͨϵͳؿǿ֮еһĻ
ʲôڽпռԾãѵԪħˡΪ֧ӵĽҲӵٮٮߣ֪ͨδ֪ĵˣ֧Ԯ⣬ս׼ӭУʲô⣬һв򡣡
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ʲôҪôʿЩţǰѧԺʦѧսˣоըˣֵǡ
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ǵҲפָӹ١ֲߣǵľˣػߣʱǲ˺󡣲ĵ˭ǶҪ֮һսǵڵ֮⡣ͨȫƵ㲥ͨս
1յѾս׼
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Ȼûдսڵ֮ǰǵһľ½죬˿û˿Ľţǳս⡣
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ֵĶʲôһҪһѵһʿߵѾս׼ֵĶ
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棬棬ǵĽܼ飬ܼ顣ǰһսʼ
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ҸսյϢ˵ȥڤǵ̽ɴˣϸ˳Ӻʹ鱨ǰͶǳĸʵĸû뵽һʱ䣬ĸȻڤ򡣡ɫء
ڵϣҲǵһʱõϢ
˿̵ǣͬ𾪡


872 սʧܿʼ
ǻȥڤҳĸʣȳ档
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ĸʵĿֲﻹסǳ
ٶȣֻҪһСʱʱ䣬˭֪һСʱᷢʲô
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ڷ䣡
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ǴɳΪЩӣȻҪߵʵǿɺޡ߾Ӧø߸ϣЩϲһ顣Ц
ԭͶǣֻαװĭЦ
ŮʣԸķ䡣ڱץסѶһЦĭϵؿˡ
ſŮʣ
ͽһҪҡ
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ʱȴǴЦúãƾ˹Ժɳľ֮أȫǹڵˡ
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˼ӦģǺϸһ£ʵɳɹٸá˵ŵʱѾݳȥǧףɹŽ˿̶ȥˡ


882 ˻ĻΧ
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ħ˵Ӧʵ֪Ĳ࣬ŹסĭҲΪԼˣԹû˷˭뵽ͻȻˮȻ͵Ϯ˵ɽ
ŮʻŮʱɱˮ´ʦŭ
ȻţھɱˡʱһԵĲɵһԾֱĭȥ
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ĭ˵̧֮ͷħ˵ˣǲǺ𾪣ʵ֮лʮҴɳӦ֪Ƕ˭ôǲ֪Сһߵˣ˵ƴɱʱǾͻһ
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λźͳϣˣⲻŮʵȨ֮ƣĳ˴ɳһǸơʱǾ뷴Ҳû

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ŮʵĻţɳѾǶΪаħܸǸ߹ٺ»Ƿࡣ
ҡڣĭɫΪɳŮʣһԾŶƭǡĻᣬǲ֪ϧʱĪ
һȺ⻰־ĭ˵еǵڻû˵ĭʳԹ
Ͷĳȱһ
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˾ɵʱǷɽĭԱߡ
ĭȡһţ漴¶һ˿Цݡ
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ŮʿˡǾŶţԸ齵ɳŶҧҧǾһղģλţλͬԲסˡǾŶŴף滹ǧڣҲΪԼһУǡλҲú룬ֵֵ
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ܺãǵһ齵ģһƷĹְܲġĭ˵ٹ齵棬ǰʮԻһƷĹְʮԻһƷϵĹְʮֻܻƷ֮µСˣʮ齵ˣûκη͡
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ڴɳٷ־ƷһƷĹԱ޼ƷĹְǾ൱ڷ⽮ˡ
ƷĹְҲһ֮ڵĶ֣νȨ죬ǾһţλҲдɳһݴԱλ߶١
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ˣ齵ɳ˶վߣԺǾҴɳɹ١ĭ˵ţŵȥЩְʵ޹ؽҪܵһŵˣĹ˳ǵõЩְҲӦõġ
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883 ѵǴ˵еɽ磿
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ĭֱһŰ˳ȥɫޱȡ
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ĭΪɶңƺҲ±֮У鲻İӢ۾ûᰡ
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ԣһ⣬Ҫôĭӻˡ
Ҵ㣬ɱĶˡô˵ģʲôҪɣʲôҪ룬Ѿ˵ʲôǰҵĻԷˣôβƻȻȫˡĭŭɫܲÿ
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ұˣǺǣĭЦҲô˲Σôȫˡѵ㻹һֱŮʲɣ֮ҪصѧԺصѧԺ㶮ҹ˵Ĳԡ
˲ΣݣޱȣļѧҲޱơ
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Ů֮Ա˻ĻУǹİ
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İҪˣȫƻĭмƻҲѹĭô
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Ȼһڶ
ߣھߣǾ͵û˵ЦЦŵľҪȥ
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ĭڸô죬ҪҪҰǶɱˣԴըˣ֪øô졣
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Ͷɣû棬Ҳսʤǵġĭֿ΢ɽĴ󣬾סɶ⡣ȻĭóĴ΢֮һǶԸ´ˡ
ڴ֮У˶Լĸо
˰죬վǷˡ
Ҫһսַʽݲβĭ˴εҲ
ȫļƻ
ɣĭҲҪصˣ֮ǰһѾвͨˣ뵽һ취ǾŮΪɽ磬ԲŲ뿪


884 Ů
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ǰЩͷǵݽ棬ھ񾳵ǿҲɱκһɳ񡣡
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ҪȥɹŮʣ˭һģŮʾҪ뿪ҲҪŮһ档
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Ŵɹĵط˳羴֮ɫ
ŮʣǶˣмǧĴɳѩޱȣոյõϢ
ԱߵļλҲǱһ
ǧ˹Ҫ֪ΪǴɳʲôǨء
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μŮʣ
ɳĳȹĴɳ׷׹ݣͬߺŲμŮʡ
һһ㡣
Զϣܾĳ棬Ҳֵˡ
׳ЦЦ磬֮ǰҲУʱĻ϶Ϊʹ飬ߺʥˣҲΪһε춨ʥյķšĭ˿̻õ٣ʵ٣ĭվ棬ǲô˵Ůʵķſ϶ʵˡ
ĲҲ̸š
ٹȥ꣬ҲֵܳڶŮˡ
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һͨŮӣΪĭУΪĭŮһ·ĭߵ˽졣֮УѩĻͼʶҲڵˡĭôλܸʣǱ϶ҪѧԺν̣ʵѡֻѩˡ
˶֪ѩģǴɳĲ󳼣Ϊɳ˲ٵĹѫ
ѩĹؿܲһ㣬سȴǴ´ࡣ
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ĭ̶ֿ˴ɳ񣺡Ҫˣҵ񣬲ɽ磬ҲῴǣǷϢһһŬĻţǵԽԽõġ
Ůʣ
Ůʣ㲻Ҫߣ
죬Ů°ɣ
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ĭӦȥʱ䵽ˣӰʧһƬʵĹâ֮뿪硣
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ɳҲǸŵ쳹
ѧԺ֮УĭͻȻ֣۾Щʪ
ˣˡ
һֽ˹ȥͬʱһϤǡ
ûüȡżһ˾Ůˡ


885 ϸ
ĭǣԵЩΣԺǲǾ͵ſҵЦ
ǿЦãĭզô񶾡
ҲǸմɵĲֵÿ佱
ԭ
ĭӹֽ˲۽ǣԺǹȫˣǲҪҽˣ
ǵ˵ͷȻ޿ɺǣύ棬ѧԺɵӦ㽱ȻȥдɣʱһԸĵġˣҿΪҲ˼ҲҪץʱͻƵɾǡ
ĭǣԺ
ǻ˻֣ĭȥˣԼİ칫ҡ
Сѧİ칫ңѾĳʦǰ칫ĵص㣬ڳвԵðˡ
һѧҪɵĹһԺר
Ժר񣬷漰ƸʦģֻҪѧеĹͿԽеٻڿ϶Ҳˡ
ѧǵĹ1Ҫתˣ֤ö˵ɵĺܳɫ
Ľһ츳ƺһǼ￨ơ
츳ƣѧǵ츳ڶһƵҲֻе꼶ѧˡ
ñǣѾҪʲô츳ЩԼĴڡ
һǼ￨ƣǾһСѧ꼶ʦ
һУһſѾ
ſƣ滭һĿӣͷϻŶǱ裬ҲЩ͹ģ˿ȵĲ˿Ƶı棬̲סЦ⾹ȻμǵһС֣ϸϸϢġ
ϸ
ԣμǡ
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ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺɷνʦҪγ̡
΢΢˵ͷ⾫ϸμ֮ƽɽǴǴС֮һȻʵզأϾǺչˡ
ҲһСˡ
ѡȡ˾ϸĳɷ־ϸЯĳɷֻ֣ȻСĶʵ̫١ϸЯɷȻ٣һɷȻһСĿռ䣬涫
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ΪߣдĶ̫࣬ûдֶʵ˵ȥɾǵڣռ䱦Ҳϡȱ浤Ϊ֮пٴռ䡣
ʩչһԼλãƺſһĤһĿռ䣬ռıΡŵɶΪܿٳռҲʮףռ䷨ûȡ
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ϸɷһֽٻ磬⼸Ƕʹõɷ˼壬ʹôɷٻһ磬ôͲҹάˣɱֻͨˡһɷ仯Ͱı࣬仯öһԵģֻҪʱһͻԭΡ
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2Ҫ紴һɣҪΪǿ⻹ҪѧԺѧҪ磬˾֮Ҳˡ
ҪԭĭѾѴɳѧΪѧԺǿʲô˾֮ĭǽȥ֮󣬾һֱڴڸࡣ
ĽһA츳ҩŶ򿨡
ҪŶ򿨣ʹ֮ܽ뵽״̬ϵͳҲ֤ܲʲôԵú
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һȻЩͬĿƬɫˣͼҲԵøˡ
ڻûеʹö򿨵ʱ򣬵ĭοԸһŶΪĽ
ǵר
ҪԴƸһʮλְһǵٻʵǲҪ̫ˬ
˼һ£Ѿ⣺ϵͳҶʦͺǷҲٻ
ϵͳȻԣᵽֵٻ档
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ʮˣǽǵʵֵۺϿǵĽ
ǻԭٻӦúѧǻӭ
β鿴ʮ˵ǵһȻ뾫ϸһʼٻ


886 дۺֻ
תۣǰѾʮˡ
ǰʮˣʵ˾ϸһ˵ΪҲﵽɾ磬ǾҶʦ
ҶʦΪǳɾ磬Ǵﵽ˾˵ļ
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Ҷʦʦеֱ磬ԺѾںԭļ䣬˿һִĸоСˣƽƽȴͻȻĲѰ
ǰѱ½ѩҲеѧԺԺСͷ۵ġ
СͬյĻ硣
񣬿ԺһѧԺ浱ʦ֪ᷢʲô
˺ͽˣûô飬ΪѧԺһҸ
еļˣСǾβʵҲͣɣ⵽ѧԺƻһѧǻӭʦеﲻףΪѾѧԺʦҲǱĳȫǡ
λʦӭѧԺѧԺԺǡ΢΢һЦԵúƽ׽ˡ
ѧԺĵط
ԺǾѧԺʦôǲţǻַʽ
ѧԺһΪʦҰ
һȺʦֹţϳϲɫ
Ҳ˵ʹǲιѧԺҲΪǽѧԺ
вҾȻвʦ޷ΡҶʦҴն׹һѧԺʣѧԸѡҵĿγ̡
ҶʦҾҿܻܻӭءС׸˸ԼӣⳤƯơ
ߣѧѧϰģ˭ῴ㡣ҶʦЩ
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ڶ֮кһֶܲڶԭǵԻáȻǾͺúõعĦһ
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897 ֮вͬǼʺ
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ڵҼǳ޷ȡ
˵Ӧÿں֮еһдڣڶҲС
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˵ɴԶռԾ룬ֻǷɴԼĳ涴ߵԾ޷Ƚϡ
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898 һ
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899 ټ
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900 ڤ
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ҦܺͻҲǱסˡ
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ӭǣСͷɴͣÿշ1000ңǷͣȻԣǵ˽⣬嶼԰ԼҪ˼תɾ񲨶ԷĶ棬ת˶Էԡ֮⣬֮лһԿ⣬ÿһ嶼԰ԼԴУͬĻཻʱֻҪпԼԿķϵͳͿʵϰ
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901 ꣬
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902 ̫
ʤˣ˿Ѿƿ
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ԽѺעս϶Խࡣ
еӮһսðҶǺ飬ȻǳڹؼԵս档
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㿪ԼĶ֣һλյӡ

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ǲԾ˵쾳׾ս쾳ĽףףѧԺǷëǵĴڡȻѧԺ֮еԽսսĻѧԺѧЩ֮еߣȫһ¡
ҲˣѡܾҲġ
ѡӦս
ԥ˵ʲôЦǷ쾳ĽףѵҪһ쾳׵ġ
ҪǴѧԺҪˣҦܶȡʤԷ׵ΪûеŶԡ
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ʤˣֱ11Ҫǽʤˣֻһ
ж಻ûŻῪʡ
Ƕ˵ֱʮҡ
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ս˺ܶ࣬ھսʼжʮӣѾ˽ˡ
ڸʲô⣬ȻհôĶ֣ؼһˡ
Ҳˣʲô˶ܸյˡ
ӮԽԽˣ׬Ǯˡ
һС棬һӳգֻܻңҰʵо͸һսġϧⳡյĶ̫ˣܰ̽յʵ
ʱ䵽ˡ
Ӱ˾ϡ
źɫķװһߣԵġ
Ȼһˡ
һѳˣԼף˽ɫ󣬺䡣
֮գΪԽ塣
֮У嶼һǿ壬ǲ̼Ľ
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ⳡսĶ֣ոŻ﷢˻ƵҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱɡ
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һս׼ΪһսزУԷȻ䡣
ôҶҽ˺սһºô
棬Ҳź
䣬䣡
սգԲ
ǮⳡսĽѾˡ
ˣɶʱô˱ˣǿŽһջһһǲ̫Ҹоˡ
ߣƲǰɣԺǸʲ
ĬĬš


903 İ
տŻ˵ŭô㻹һսɣ
⻰˵ģ̫Ƿˡ
ʱЦˣЦĳ˷̡
Цʲô
ղ⡣
̫Цˣʵܲסˡ
˵ţӷЦ
ţ㲻ôڻأ˭˭

շŭĻ졣
ʱЦˣӵһ䣬ʵ£ҵΪףʲôʸ䡣෴ҿŶԡԣ䣬һҲʡöˡ
սϣһƬȻ
ȥﱤˣҼŵˣû֮һ
Ҫ˰ɣ
˼̫˼ˣտ裡
ʱñ˵ȷʵѾҪðˣҪɱ㣬쵰
ɱ˵磬ʵҲɱҡ

ų˻ƶһɽһݺݵؾ˻
η壬һƾǺ˹ȥ
飡
һжԺ䣬ԼȻκβա
е˼
ˣȻΪףȴǱԼǿһ
ѧԺ̵ģԴ壬츳ġ
ҲѹֽտԽսȫʱ
䣡
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żȴǳסˡ
ˣܻúõسһڶ
ɽӡ
һһԾ˿УϷҫ۵Ľ⣬ıһɽһ㡣
ɽ޴ޱȣ㸲˷Բס
ȥɣ
շһֻŽɽֱֱĳŻȥ

֪˭˵һ䣬˶һ
쾳쾳׾ɶѾʮˡ
һкð
Ҧ̲ס
յѾ൱ԴһֶԺ͸ΪսټɽӡһֶѹԽô׶ԵС
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ôһ󣬻еĴô
ΧΪź
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ų潵ľ޴ɽ΢΢۾
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˿ˣڻͷȻһԼʮɵӰӰٲȻһ۵Ľշӡϸӣһսһյһһת֣һȭڣһֳ⡣

찡ʲô̫ˡ
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Դģ
˵ţֻǷֻ֣ͬʱȭӡɽһ֮УΪ˷顣
ʤ
еһǾĵġ
⿪ʲôЦ
ʤʮųĽգȻһ˸ˡ
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Щ˽ʤˣ˿ǳӶڵˣǷԼֻΪ׬СǮѣû뵽Ȼһ׳졣
İ
˶Ǻ˻ѾʵװˣԻİɣզ찡
ԱߵĿ˿ͨ졣
ҪҪոձһһΣء
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ε˵ţոտĺڣ壬ʲôľ͵ʩˡ
Ǳߣ˿Ҳˡ
ˡ
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Ŷ˭˽գ
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Աû˵֪¶ֱʱ򣬾֪Ҫصעһĳˡ
Ժˡ
صԱߣϳЦ⡣


904 
ˡ
һս֪жע˭û뵽ȡʤԾ϶׬˲١
˵ĻֵҲͶˡ
Ŷжң
ҡ
ס˵һ׬ǧҡ
ǵõʱսľǧˣЩӦöټǧң׬ôҲͲΪˡ
ôࣿ
۾ˣ򣬻׬Ϊʲô˵
֪ҪǸעʲҪʮô
ؼûкҩ
Ǯȴٶ졣
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Ƕ뱨úһˡ
Ҳֻ֪ǻһβսռ˽յĹ棬ʵȱʵȻƫܴʡ
֣
ҦܺͻȻͬʱյʼ
սôһһѺǡ
ѧˡ
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˵͸һսͷԺǲսҲʱǵϵͳμսҪдһջַǻڶʮСʱ͡
Ȱʼˡ
ԭԴ˵֣ľϵͳͿԽģҪƵս豸СһĻֻҪӮһġ
ԭԺҲͲˣҲ֤˰ȫ
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ˣūһöƵըըΧС޴ūܣֻҪťūͻ֮ء
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ǵ˵ͷû뵽⿨·
һֱһū棬ͣ混ūӵվūģǼλҪū
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˿΢΢˵ͷ


905 8000
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ϰ壡
ҿһµ꣬Ҵ˽ȥһū
˵꣬ȥǺͿĸں档
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ҽ׶塣ǰ棬˵ţūǵūгǶģūҶˡϴζ۵Ǹ⾳߽׵ūǴȥġ
ôǿ˿ӣЩС
ˣ׶ϰϵū˾֮һū˾ǵĴˣݲһ㡣Ƕߵ˵
ū˾֮Ȼ˱ӣȴȫϷģ˵û˹ܡ
Ĳпᣬɼһߡ
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ˣūıۡ׶תݸһֽд˸ūļ۸
ԭūߵĲʮҡ
ܱˡ
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ˡ
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ô
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۾һӰƮȻ
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ĺ⣬ոѾλӰɱŮū츳ȻS+
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ˡ
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Ȼ֪Ҳϻˣ9500ҡ
7000򣡡
ģû۵ģ9300Ҹٱ200򡣡
7200򣬳ңӰɱūҲûмˡ
У9000򡣡
7500򡣡
8500򣡡
8000򣡡
ٸӵ㣬̫ˡ
8000򣬰
˵ţѾЩȤȱȱӡ
ãԣ8000ˡ
׶ƺЩۡ
һһ
ʱȴֵ
Ǯ治ٵˣ
΢΢һЦ˵80008000򣬲ѹˣҪһºڸ
׶һ±ƣǰһūġ
ӵľУ


906 ð
׶˿ѾЩˣһֱеĶһֽǮһֽһº󸶿ʲô
ǰӲûôǮڹŪɣ
ǿ׶ĵǣģҲģҿȸһǧҵǶһºٸһºҸΥԼһǧȫģūҲҪˡ
׶һҪԡ
㻹ʲôô
ЦʵѾ׼׶һ˵ľҲ̰ơ
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Ǻ׶ܿ˺ͬ׶ūӾҲˡ

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ҲμսҲһ׬ǧҡ
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ֱһطȻðˡ
Ҫ棬ð˵ķֲð߻ȡԼ鱨Ϣ
ǽ˴֮ѯһôעΪðߣȻ뿪ˡ
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ǻǿһõһ̽񣬷ǽ죬һöˡ
˭Ƶҳ棬öҪӺӴֲôֱһһţϰߴм俴˺׺ԣ֪
ﱧԹţҲ
ķû¾֣Ҫͦߣֻļ˵ΪҪվ񱨳꣬ԣ̽û̽ʲôв߶ܻһҡʲôҲ˭˭ġ
ĺ£
ǿһʱ䣬ҲʮңҲͽһ죬
ʲôǧ򲻾ˡ
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ڶ졣
б̽˿ʼϣϸȻаʮˡ
վȻҲǲֵǮˡ
˽ȴʱ֮гһһǧ׵ս
ϸս̲סһ
Ԫħ
սӣռ¡ʱսһ޶սҲȷӡԪħı־
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Ǹһ˿ЦѾԼҺ˶λǾǸԪħҵġ
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֪˭˵һ䣬һƬȻ
ֻǣȫ㲻״˭ƺţƵӣѵսˡ
ʱսѾȫͣˣһԪħε߳˽֡


907 
˾Ԫħж
ԪħȨƵļ֮һҲԪħĻ壬ռ¡Ȼʮӣ밢жûȡ
վս棬жӸµ̽ķңԵɺ֮£ҷһżΪֲļðһȥ̽⴦żλҪûʲô⣬ھͿϷɴˣ
һȺ˳˼ԥģ˷˴ˡ
ԪħļðߣεӦòѡ
ǰ⾳ǿߣ棬˵ܷһЩʲô
ôֻҪȥ˾һңѾܷˣʱҲ
˵ۣԴҲûио⡣
ðϿɵ񣬿϶һ壬ҰжҲûеЩðߣֻðˡ
ԪħȻǿ󣬵ðˣʵǲֵһᡣ
½˰жķɴǻȺ棬ûκ˵⡣

жɴתʧ˿ռ֮С
ǴŷɴڲǺĲ񻰣ݾ̫ˡ
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ߣǮˣһҲҪŪһұս
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˹ǶߣóһֿƼ豸ɨһ飬澹Ȼûκʾ
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˵ò˵ʶ֮أ֮ȻҲʶֶΣһʱ״Ƶģȴûж֮еĿƼܷһЩ̽Ҳ̽δ֪
һеĿƼֶΣһصסǵжһķ쾳ߵжѣֻվǿߣǿٷСѼϢһλ⾳Žǿߵ֮أ̽ʵǰҵλ⾳Žǿߵʬ壬ҿһŲҪ
ж̲ס¶֮ɫ
⾳Žǿߵ֮أҪҪôﱤǿǴ˵֮еĴڰ
жҪλ⾳ǿߵʬʲôѵʬܲ򵥣԰жʲôá
ˣڿжˣ˭ܰҵλ⾳ǿߵʬ壬һһҡˣٶȿ㣬ǵʱܲ࣬ΪҵһҲ֪ʮ죬Ҳ
жֱöֻһıʱѾ˵
⻰жˣһʬһңбô
˵֮󣬰жȴǻص˷ɴ棬ƺ͵˵ĺϢˡ
үЩʮ֮ڰҵѪʵʬô
֪
жЩΣĻ⣬ֻһֲȻļð߰æ
үʵҾǻǴӾ֮ļ˿ף
֪Ԫħ⣬λһֱҵİѱεҲвСΣգҴԪħ֮ļǾͱץ˰ѱһǾ֮ļʱļôվǿߣҲô׵ġ
ˣү


908 Сڣ
̸ʱ浽Ҵܣÿ˵ٶȶĺܡ
ȥʲôطϼֱǱѹһɽƵģһ۵òС
˹оԼٶȶƽʱǧ֮һ
ˣƺҲòȥ
ǰһεƺƬռҲˡ
ǵ˵ͷҲЩ
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⻰ʵ̫ûϢˣС磬㾹ȻỴ̂ǷЩѰˣԼȥһǰ·ɱһҧذ顣
ҪҪɱӣţЩԥϾԩ޳˾Ҫɱ֣ƺЩ̫ˡ
Ǿʱӹˣһǻ˹
Сڣ
찡Ҫˣ⾳ǿһ档
ԼͬģӸжϢ
Ȼôҵˣ
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ԱߵҲǼ֪Ѫʵʬ԰жж
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Сڣ˶ۼԶ˵˺ɲ̫ۡ
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үǽȥɣ
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ж˵ͷһ̤С磬ʧǰʱ˲ҵҲѸٽС硣


909 羳
һС磬ŵĸо
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˹ߵǵԱߣܵ͡
ʲô
ֵĿŻ˹ƺ˹֪һЩʲô
СγɵģΪģ֪֮УС磬лС
˹ص˵

͵һҲ뵽ʲô
Ҳǻ羳ǿߣγɵһֲֿ̺淨磬ǳԣж˵Ҫҵһ⾳Žǿߵʬ壬ҿܿǼٵģҪҵӦǻ羳ǿߵʬŶԡ
̲ס𾪡
һ֪⾳֮磬ȴ֪Ĳࡣ
˹˵ֻȻʵĸоԭ⾳֮ľл羳
羳ʲô
ƺҲˣǶڵţʱǰİжͷǶˣҾ;ʵĸǡϵһʱѪϳѪȴǻ羳ǿߣҲǰ벽羳С磬ªĺܣĻ羳ǿߵС磬޷ȡ
һȫȻ
ѪʣԭǶʮǰˡ
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ԾģǶԻ˹Сˣһһ˲š
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ȻǾͿ˺˵һĻֻʯ棬Ȼ̽һֱֱֻ֣ץס˰жؿڡ


910 
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꣬ʲô˵õǸʬôֻô¡
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һȺ˶ͷƤ顣
ʱҲǸоޱȵĲٵǺ˸ƭˣȫѪ;ֵġ

жŭޱȣþս˲侲㲻Ǹոѣڿ϶ʵ󽵣⾳׵Ϊδػ㡣
˵ţжȻ͵Ѫʵ֡
⾳ף̫ˣʵ̫ˡɭôΪû˿ĽôҲǰ벽羳Щ֮ܣ֪羳Ŀֲ
ɱ
жϻϳԪħħףóһѺɫս
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쵰Һƴˡжһɱ˰ж
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ѪӵĿһ۰жˣһͺȻŴͷһͰλ˸С
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ȻֻһȴܷӳɾżҲǻ羳Ž׵ʵѵɲһ羳ûͻƵα羳
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Ǻãס˵ĻһǮǷݾˡ˵ţ֮¶һζ֮ɫ


911 Ĳվ
˹±ˣ˵ĵɶ˼
һ̣оǺȻЩһˣɢһֿµζ
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ǵ˵Ķ棬
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ж⻰βѡ
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ЩˣҲҪͻƵ羳Ժǻ羳ǿߣ˵кܶ໥ĵطҵС뿪ЩϾãһָΪԺĻһһݺŰлˡ
ȻʱѪʻġ
ΪһǣǾͻ֣ǾǴشˡ
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ǹЦԭôܼ򵥣ȱǮһÿһǧңô
Ѫޱȵķŭ
羳ǿ߻ȱǮҸɣҲҸõģȫſڿӣ˵˵


912 
֪ǿޱģΪǮ
û취˭ء
ǿѪʣȭͷȻѾ㶯֡
ã羳ǿҪɱҡ
Ѫɫ䣬Ѿǿǵͼ
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֪羳Ŀ£Ϊα羳Աȵģȫһϣһ¡
Ѫʱɷ˵ģȻŤͷܡ
羳ǿҪ֣Ǽ٣Բʲô¡
ǶʱˣΪݺⳡϷ죬˶Ƶһһ㶵ģ㾹ȻһԵľܡ
ʹô
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Ҿ͵֣ԣɱ￴أ㶮
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ƶðɣСһ˲䱻˺һ޴Ŀӣ϶ϲס
СĴֱ㸲ɳ뵽˿ռ֮С
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ѪʵٶȺܿ죬ûӳС磬͸оǹˡ
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913 ջ
֮ǰҪпת߲С
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ʶ̽УȾͷһѵ澧ʮ飬ҪǻңǾʮڡʵϣΪ澧ǱȽϸߵȵʯ˻ۡԣʮ澧ļֵԶԶֹʮڡ
еһЩѪԴʯȼҪԶԶظС緢ֵѪԴʯ
ЩѪԴʯӦòѪʵѪҺγɵģоһɿ񱩵Ϣʲô޵ѪҺغӦñȽϲ
֮⣬һѵı
ϡʯϰ֣Ҳֻ˵
ĻһЩҩҺΪǺϤҲǸʲôõġ
ƿҩǻϳˣ֮бȽϡѪͳŻһѪͳҲǻ򡣸ǵֻ֪ͨһƿѪͳһ㶼Ҫϼǧڵҡ
ǳ˼һ£ƿѪͳȫԸԼĸĸĸѪͳԺҲ׺ܶ࣬ҸĸҲӡ
óʮⶼ֮кܲӦѪռģԼӦöûʹùҪóȥЩļ۸ٶҪǧϡ
һǵע⣬ѪղصĺܺãԵúܲһ㡣
˳ϸһ˫צС
һ׶СҲ֪ôϡ
ƺǸܵצоȻʼѸٵСȻСһ޶
΢΢𾪣ʮǻĴ˵е˱С⣬ԡ
һȻռ䶼һƣûʹöٵ
һñ
Ǳ𾪵ˣʱע⵽צеı棬Ȼĸ֡
¾ħצ
֪Ӧצеֻ֣ⱦãƺЩʺ
˰죬Ǿֻкʡ
˰죬ûзҳõĶѪʵڿռָһǵĶ棬ҵһֵƬ͸ź˵ĺ⡣


914 Ƭ
ǰƬ˳ϸĦ
ʲôᡣ
Ǻ֣ƬһֻһӾȻˡ
ֱӱ˷ĩ
ǾˣҪ֪ûʹ
ӣô˵ҲúϽɵģK2Ͻĵϰ죬Ҳѿϡ
Ǽ˹
Ǵӵץһ֮ɢķĩ
ɫһ䣬ΪЩĩ棬еĽԪضˡ
ôܣ
ţֻǱƬһĽԪؾʧˣҲ̫˰ɣ
аƵģһЩȻƬи
һ⣬ǱƬпĶеĽԪضˡ
ȫǸ㲻ˣǽԪرƬˣˡ
ƬǱ
Ȼ㲻ƬʲôʣѾ϶ƬԲǷ
ϸƬ
һ˺ܺһȴǺܷĶϿڣǲ²Ƭܿһѽһѵġ
ˣ׸ʲôܡ
ѵն棬һĽԪضʧ
кǺ棬ʶ̫٣ѪҲֻǰƬӵ棬ȻҲ֪Ƭʲô
Ѱһ£ǺʧûҵƬ
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ˣǰˡ
˹ʱŷֲ֪Ѿȥ˰Сʱ
ƼɴĿռԾȷʵõˡ
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ʱϣҲע⵽ˣһƼķɴǣ벻䶯ѡ
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ˣ
Աǫ
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һֱһƬǹ򣬷ɴͣǹԱˣûȡá
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ΪѾҷɴҲ±˵Էɴ
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ֻǵĴոզأôõĲϣĶҲѳԵҪ
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ţѾΪҵһźܺõӪұ֤׬Ǯ
Ժǻˡ
һٷûг꣬ͨѶʹҦܵ
ϻȥ
ǽˣ˼ңʵǹĲ񻰡
ù档
ǼҦܺͻֻǲʮʱ䣬ƺѾӡ
ףҦ㾹Ȼͻˡ
ǰȣû뵽Ҧôͻˡ
ԺʵҲͻˡ
ʱ΢΢һЦչʾһΪȻ弶
ʲôҵ㣬ǲôͻƲǡ
Ժ֪ɣȡʮʤʱ򣬻˾Ľ͸ǸһӪҺֻһ죬Ǿͻˡ
ӪҺ
ţһֿԸ壬ΪҩҺֻһЩЩǻۡ
Ŷԭ
ǵ˵ͷ֪ûĻĿˣҪնһ泣ʶ
ǶڣҳȥջܴҪҪʲôԺ˵
Ǽ򵥵İε˵һ£ҦܺͻǾĪ
ˣ֮ǰһվŽ׵ӰɱūҲȥˡ
ԺǺһȥС
š
ʵҲ˼˹æսɲУЩҪʶʶźá
ֱūгǺܿ׶ūӡ
ôˣ׶ǣɫȻһ䡣
֮ǰԤūǮˣ˵Ҳеˡ
ǻûеһôǲе̫ˡ׶Ƕʱüͷ
׶ǸǮˣϴ˵ǷǧһٸԸ⡣
ǽ죬ǮûиˣЩŤŤġ
ǲǱ֪϶ǳʲô⡣


915 Ҫ
Ǵ˿Ҳ˲Ѿɱ⡣
˵ԤūǲѾˣ
Ѿ˶ֵ׼ΧĲҲע⵽
ҦܺͻҲֻҪһ£ǾԻһʱɱ׶
׶վĽ׵ʵ
ʲôҿū˾ǵĴˣҶôԲ˶ߡ
׶û뵽ǾȻôǿƣҲһˣв
ū˾ƣû˸Ҷô
ǽ죬ȻǴˡ
ū˾ôţӰȴٿʧһ̾ȻѾץס׶ĺū˾вңǲ̫ˡ֪˭ô˵һССū˾ˣū˾ĸ߲ˣҲҵɱ㣬Ųţ
׶ʱĵһѵʲô
Ȼ֪ƣŻ
׶ɫ࣬оǿ־
ǵУһ˿һʹ
ſң
׶˿ѾЩˣɤ˻Ƶ
ҵūأ
ϵľˡ
׶ĵ׷оԼٲ˵ʵǰǾԻɱ
ˡ
׶˵
ˣ
̲סЦǸһǧҵĶ׶Ȼչ˲ʮͰԤū˱ˡ
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ҿ԰Ѷ˸㣬ӱ˸㶼С
׶ʱæʵԤūǴ⡣
ǾһһҶòԤӰɱūתȥȴܶ׬ǧңʱóһǧ⳥ǣܶ׬ǧҡƽ׵һǧңҲһܵģϾһ
Ҫһ£ǸǿǵĶ𶼸һ̰īˡ
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Ц˵չʾԼпļʮ׶Ǿˡ
ôܣ
׶ôǮѾסˡ
ֻ⼸ôǮ֮ܿǰôǮ֪Ϊʲôԭȴûó
˵Ԥū㵽˭ˣ
򡭡ĶӰ˹ˡ
΢΢üͷ
һǶһߵĳƺ
ǵǾǵʵʹߣ˵ȨƵˡ
ĶӣǡǶˡ
ȥūҪȻڡ
⾳һ׵ǿߣȥĸۡҪˣˣȥ
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ʱ˵ֱٻ˷
ߣ
ˣ˵ĵӣŹҰɣĲң
׶˿Ҫˣū˾ǵһͨˣǵ컷СϵˣԺô⣬ū˾֪飬Ҳȡ˵ġ
ǿɲЩһֻҪԼū
ʲôʲôˣᡣ
һֱӷǵ
棬ѾȻ
Ҫˡ
׶ˡ
ȥϷҪˣǿٵͷһء
˴˿̶ǳȥ
˿̵档
ڱչأĶӰ˹ȴѱū
ȻūūʵūȫԼҪѱͬѱҰޡ
̣ѱոսԺŮһ
֮ѱкֶܶεġ
ӰɱūͷȻǹӲġ
˹˵ţǰӰɱū˿ѾȫѪ
˹үӰɱ˾ǹͷرӲҿ㻹ǵ˳أʱֱ˶ʩչū֮Ŀס
ūۣѱֶ棬ֱЧˡ
ҪһЩУˣҲҪ⾳ʵ
ߣһͲˣѵū۵ͲԹҡȥҵɻȡҵҪܲܳסɻ޵ĳ򡣡
ɻޣ˹ļ¶ɫ΢䡣
ɻʵרѱūһֲ̹ߣɻ޳ūʹֱ꣬ʹҪʹ򱶶ֹ˵ӲūҲѳסɻ޵


916 ǿ˰ǿˣ
µˣܿȡɻޡ
ʵɻҲǰ˹ոģרžѱū֪ʵࡣ
˹ɻޣ¶ɭЦݣӰɱū˼˵ӰɱóɱһʹòκӰɱūҲǱݵϻôԹԵͶңΪҲһ֮ࡣ
ӰɱŮūɫڱˡ
Ҳ֪ɻ޵ģֱӾ̵̷һɻ޳һˣһ˵ɵӡ
ڵġ
ڿˣ˵ͨ֮Уеݵλ˶˵ԡ
ʵЩ죬Ҳѧϰͨ
һڣ
˹ЦҸǵҸ׵ʦˣ֪ôʵԪħҪǿֵӰɱǺΪһССūΪ㱨ô
⻰ӰɱŮūĬˡ
ӰɱʲôӹȷʵûΪλ⾳Ĵڡ
ʱ˭
ˣƺҲֻˣԺһƬڡ
ɣɻ޵ɣ
˹˵ţһӺݺݵسӰɱŮūϡ
ʹĺС
оԼ꣬ǱӲ˺ˣһ˲ʹֱ࣬޷ݡ
Ķͷȫ亹˲ޱȡ
ҧأ˿̾ȻЩʱиǸöá
ֻȫһˡ
һūû˻
ˣȻˣ
˹˷ޱȣѱһλվŽ׵ӰɱūԺгɾ͸С
ӰɱŮūҲˡ
ǰܿͻԸүǩūԼģΪүһλСŮū
ʲôСŮūүһѣүҧ˭ȥҧ˭
˹ʱ˱ӣҪȥ
ǾʱֻһȻһҽС
ô£
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׶˿ĿˣʵһſڣͱӽֱײĴš
ô£
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׶˵ȫ˹ˡ
Ͼǵū˹Ҳһݣǰ˹رҪôߵļǮҲ
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һԣŵӰɱŮūʱȴһ˿Ĺâ
ǣǸֻǼһ棬Ҫˡ
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žˣҲδظô
һ̣ȻһĸоƺӦøлˡ
ô
ǵֱֱ߽ʮվĻѾһء
ôĵӣ֪֪ʲôط
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ҵȻ֪ҪҵĶ
ǿӰɱŮūȻɫ΢΢һ䣺㾹ȻôأǸ
˵ţֻһӡ
һɾ紵ֻǷ쾳߽Ϊİ˹Ȼɳȥ˼ʮףֱֱײϡ
һѪ˳Ҳ±ˡ
Ȼ˸Ҵһ棬⿪ʲôЦ
ӣ
֪˭һ䣬ĻˣפϵľҲѸٵĳۼ
Χ˶𾪵ĿһĻ
һз̫ˣǶûзӦ
ҿʲôġĴ
ֹ˰˹̫ﱤˡ
˭ܸң⵽˭Ҫˡ
ǿ˰ǿˣ
кϷˣǧʮˡ
棬Ǹܰ˹ǾԵߵӰɱŮūߡ
˿λӰɱŮūԷ۾棬ƺЩã
ȻǸж
ʲô֣
ʵ˵⿪е
ǲңԲ˵
ҡҽɯ
ǵ˵ͷԤģ˭ܰߣҺ棬Ҵ뿪
˵ţóһףΪɯϡ
ߣŶûУūԿ׻
˹˲ǵѪ
ô㲻˵Ҷˡ
һЦ˲һ㵽˰˹ԱߣֱץסĲӡ
˿һĻǻȻ
ҪɶҪɱ˰˹ɣĻǵӶǾˡ
ʱûע⵽ͣǵƼɴˡ


917 ʲôλ
һֻץŰ˹ĲӣһֻȴֱӰūԿ׸
ū⴦ūҲסūΪ
֮Уūųʮ̷֮һ
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Կ֮־ͰѰ˹ӵһߡ
˿ǣսľġ
ʱ򣬺Ȼһ
ʿˣиϰսѾΧˮйͨ
˾Ƿ
һֻϿյһս棬߳һӡ
ȻվŽ׵Ϊ
ɽץס
˹ϳӣǿ˾ǡ
ǵ죬Ҳĵ£˶ʶ
˹ү
ɿ˰˹˶ɫ䡣
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ǰǲǶȻ
Ѿ˱ж˿ĳ棬һᱻһ͵ġ
ֹǵͣǵһˣһġ
ʱȴǸʲôɣʲô˹
ɯֱһɳ졣
Ҧܺͻĸǵĺ棬Ŀܡ
ʲôôˣ
̫޼ɵ˰ɣѵ֪Լ˴
ǿ쿴Ѿָȥˣ˿϶߲
֮Уüͷ
ʮսبĶ棬ȫһ˵ޡ
ߣߵôЦڹԹ־ܣȴ˷䣬ȻھͰ͵ػɱˡ
⻰΢΢üͷ
ʵǵĹΪУԷȻܷŹ
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һȻǶɱ⡣
֪ԼΧһ޵еʱ䣬߿ǿһĹܣûоԵİհȫ뿪ΪǵĿ̫ˣǸڻûǸصˣ˭֪ûйע
ڤ粻飡
ɴһսѾ׼
Щս䱸Ǻܸ߼ģվǿǱΧҲӲ
ʿҲһк˶飬֮Уģ˰գˡ

ǿɲһԴеˡ

ɿǻ翹ԥ´
ˣҪˡ
ʮΧˣⳡ治ֱӰ
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˳ǵʱֻһ죬ȻͿһսըˡ
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Щ˵˭
Ǽ˹˭ܸҵ׷ʲôΪʲôƼս
սֵһ˲䣬һȴ۾Ǿǻ˹

˹̲סʧƼսϳǣȻһˣˣĶӾȻǿߣҪһãӰ쵽컷СϵĴ
˹ĻԱ߼˶һ
㿪ʲôЦ
ΧһԴļһôôӰ쵽컷СϵĴˡ
˹ôоλЩ졣
һðȴ˳˼Ҳǲ̽ѪСðߡ
㻹ûпôĴˣǻɱѪʣǵˡҷɴʵǴ˵ݣһʱ˹˵̲סһ
ʲôλˡ
ţ뵽λ˵Ŀ£ǿ߱˵򣬾ʦˣҲ
Ү˵ڻûг֣϶ǲмڳ֡˵ʱҪվˣ᲻õ˵˹˼һ£ȴһ˵뷨
˼ҪǸŴ˶ԿľӣҮҲ֮ǰӾˣҪҪô
ˡ˹϶ޱȵҪ֪˿ǻ羳ǿߣϵǿߣǰˣǾ൱ڳΪ˴˵ˣԺҲ׵رǡοӦǴˣǳ֣ʵҲھȻҪǵȴ˳ˣˡ
Ү˵ͷҲӦ˹
ֻƾ϶Уȥϵʱһִˣһ˼˹˵˷֮ɫԿʮĴ£ǵִǺӡ


918 ɱĽô
˹ĻҮҲѪڡ
ѵüηķȫһΡ
ЩðߣضϵʽִͬһһϵȺ顣
ҮȺ淢ϢֻǼӾͳ˼ʮĻظ
ʲôλˣ
ȥֲҾô졣
˿ǻ羳ǿߣʲôƨ
ôõڵĻᣬ˭ҲҪҪǸˣҵӾˬˡ
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˼һ£ɯûκεȻطɴȥҦܻлɯȥ
ǣ
ҦܺͻӦһɯŷɴȥԿɴѾһš
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Σ治ģڿӰɱСŮūѾˡ
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ЩʿΪԭŽϣǶȺս䱸и߿Ƽʮ˵á
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ԥģ˹һɳ죬õϢˣҲǷ׷ֻһʱϰٵ⻮ա
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ԽԽˣЩðǲǷˡ
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ʵҲ±״̬ԼûԤϵһ
ЩðߣǸһľϲ
Ϊ׵Ļ˹һӣʵǲ֪˵ʲôá
үʱֻ˳ˡɵһƼսһٶվǿߣʮҲ˵һʤ㣬Щð߸սЩûȡ
ʱǵС֮С
һĿӣȻ۾
˿ԼͨѶ־Ȼڲϵ˸һ澹Ȼһٶʼ
ұչصʱôô˸ҷʼ
ֲѣʼѸٵ
ףʦҷʼ
ܾȣԴͻƵ⾳ʵѾôˣôһʼ
ʼ
򿴵ݣȻɫ䣬
̲ס³һ仰
羳ǿߣ⣿
ɷ˵ģѸٵĳС磬ֻϣһлü
ֻһ˾ͲεԸ⿴һĻȻѾˡ
Ѿ

ˣ֪᲻֡
һۣһΪĶӱģ˹ˡ
˹ϲѣ˾˹ȥף˾ȻɱңһҪұ𰡣
̲סǳ鴤
ǰ˹Ļû꣬ףץסҪҵūҪɻ
Ҳȥˣֻһ˹˳ȥ
ٿ˹
Ѿ˴˿ƺûзӦҪ־͹̫ⷢͻȻˣ̫˼ˡ
Χ۵ˣҲĿɿڴ׷ʲôǲӻˡ
˲ʱȴǳǵķϥ򣬼ˣ
⻰˿ǵĿ⣬˲Щ


919 ƸΣ
Ҫˣǰ˵ʲôĴڡ
Ƕǵӡٴη˸Ĺۡ
֮ǰЦǵˣ˿ѾŵĻ겻塣
ȴǸ㲻״׼һˣʲôôͷַӾͷء
ѵı
ǿӣԵҲ񰡣
Ǽ˹
ˣ϶֪ǻ羳ǿߡ
˹ʱʵܣʵҲˡ
ѪʵƼɴ˲ʶʦʶģҷɴһǵʱ֪ˡ
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컷СϵˣΪҲ⾳߽ϣ֪羳ǿߵĿ¡
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֪ʱģʮ걼ڶ
ڵһʱ䣬֪ͨʰо֡
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⻰ֱӰѰ˹ץǰӣ£л˵Ĳɱ֮
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һֻ̽ȥֱӴ͸˿ռ䣬Ȼ׶
־޴ޱȣ׶ֵ֮УȫѲá
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˵ڻûзӦǰһУʵ̫ˡ
ȥһǵݣǾ˵ķ֣ȻԺ֮ʲôûС
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ǰ˻羳ǿߣ˭η塣
׶ֶΣֱǷ˼
ĺ䶯ֱ޷ֻǼʱʹܱ߼ϵ
˿̵ķɴ֮Уϣɯ
ӰɱŮū׸ôء
ΪѧԺѧ
S+츳ȷʵԡ
ѧԺܽɯʲôʽ̫󣬿˵û̵ܽġ
ƸΪѧԺʦ
Լ飬ǿԣɯܽѧԺѧʲô
һϵͳƺ̵ܽҲࡣ
֮⣬ǾֻѧԺĹԱˡ
ЩԱѧԺµĹܶ࣬ñѧԺıԱѧԺ
˼˰죬˾
ˢˢдһƸκͬȻŵɯǰ
ʽƸΪҹԸ⣬ھǩ֡
ƸΣ
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ô㲻ţȸ⿪ū
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ʵһյģ˭֪ɯūƣʲô顣
ɯɯ۾濴˸м
Լֱ
ȻɯĶǻж⣬Ҫ֪ǵʵΪҲվŽףſƷɯ
οƼսɯ߶ô׵ġ
ˣԸ⡣
ɯ򵥵Ŀݣԥ
ã
ǵ˵ͷɯǩԼ֣ȻĿת׶


920 ص
׶ǵ˶ˡ
ֻһ뷨ǾֵˣҪˣҾˡ
ʱ˿̣׶ͻȻȵĺ֪н죬һǮۿ
ǣô
׶
ǵ˵ţ翴һ㡣
󡭡ˣ
׶ڵϣ˶ˡ
ڲɱ㣬ΪһҪǰҽ飬ɵĺˣҾˡ
ǵ˵ţͼƻõġ
ˣô
׶ѣԭоȣʱúõǽ飬ס
һƭ㣿
ЦŨŨĳ
׶΢˼һ£Լһӣôܻһ羳ǿء
ڻ羳ǿߵ۾棬ϣĸ羳ǿôģƭһϡ
ˣʲôҾǸҲɵġ
׶ȫ˾״Ͼ¹һȷ̬ȡ
ܼ򵥣ϱСǵ˵ţҲ˼Цݣ㲻ūôҪһվΪū취򵽡
ū
׶ɫһܰ첻ȴ㹻ġ
ǿ϶ĵ˵ͷȸһЩ㾡ܶȥҹūūվġ
˷ģҪūҾܸ򵽶١
ܺá
˵ţת׶ҵĶȻ͵׶ĺϢˡ
Ͼרҵ˸רҵ飬á

ʱȥ
ָֻƽϿյƼսȴǴһλ羳ǿ߻
ﲻˣȷкܶҪ
Ҫһ飬ǾѧϰѼĸ֪ʶԼһȫ֪
˵ˣѧϰĻ
ԺҽѼģʯ鼮а˸ϡʯʮ֡ɯһ־мٱ鼮ǰЩеĳǻԵɺϣȻǻǮ򲻵
Щҩ鼮ŵһ飬ҿҩ鼮Ϳǵ˵ͷÿ춼飬˶Щƣ롣
ôūˡ
ʱ׶ֻѺվū⡣
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׶֮࣬ȥˣһվūһģվףһǻеģվףһҹģվĽס
ϸ˿ԾİĿͶ˻еλū
֮УеΪóֻеԻǺܻӭģԻеūһҲֻ
ҵķɴȱһά޹еūÿʤΡ
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׶ʱˣˣūȻǻеģʵκεά޼ܣһֻսԣԣҶܳԡ
⻰˿еļһֶԷеǵӰΣΨһζֻ֡ԷҲǵ񣬿ǿӣһûūľ򣬾ȻЦ
һصĻе塣
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׶һ㶣˶Щˡ
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µһ죬ǵһ¡
ãԼʱصˡ
ԺѾھȡ˾ʮʤ
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Ժվūһжˡ
ǮҲĲˣôūҲū˾ǵŻݡ
̲סúЦū˾ΪֺѼֵڵūۺʮǹġ
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վѼЩ뾡ص
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ʱԪħռ¡ڱ¶ˣԪħʴŭѣ֪ʹʲôֶΣȻҵռ¡ʱߵĺߣͨһʱƵֶΣ˵һս
ξȥࡣ
Ԫħжܾ


921 
ж˵ͷǶȥ
뿪֮󣬰жɫԽԽʵǺܲϲԪħʵġ
Ԫħʱ򣬰жԪħһĸֵ֮ͬһǵʱŹͬǾԪħ֮վΪū߱Ȧ󡣵ʱΪ룬ԪħʺһȺֵԪħڡ
ֻԪħڽʣµļλֵ֧£ΪԪħĻ֮һжˡ
ԪħʱöɣЩֵҲԶ
λֵΪԪħ϶Ϊ췴ˡ
ү
һλ׵ӣѾȴŰжˣǰж򱱾Ľ졣
жӣһｫȻϣһ͸һ񣬶ûиҰһһ䡣
ɫѿүڵĻѾǰĻˣȫ򱱾ʵЩҲܿѾ˼ɵ޲֮ܳ졣
жû˵ʲôﲻ֪
˵ҴΪʲôӣʱЩֵĵҪһƽɡڵԪħȴǵ෴ҴĴԪħʣһֶֻܱߵսٵԪħʿǡ
ĬҪ˵֪ԭǼٵġ
ʵԭܼ򵥣ΪڵԪħѾԪħԪħʣ෴ԪħԪħʵġ
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ҪȻôȥΪ簢жԪħʣΪ˵ľ硣
˼һ£үλϸǵʲô
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ȥ׼ɣϵǲòжһʱֱӳƺԪħΪԪħʣǴ磬ѾһС
ôԼ磬ΪӣҪӻϵ
ǣү
Щʧ

ǱߣѾ׼ˡ
֮ǰǽҦܺͻܶࡣ
Ҫһʤʵ֪ô׵ģļʤᰲԽԽǿĶ־ѻǡҲΪˣһٸȡþʮʤѡ֣Ҳֻһ˲ȡһʤ
߰ɣ
ǻһǣɴʧǿ֮С
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ǵ뿪˶ϲ⣬򣬶оһᡣ
ɴ֮С
ɹūԣӦѧԺĹԱڽǵѵ
ʵǽѧԺ
һСʱǻصԼķ棬ɯĸں档
Ժ
ɯЩ˾ͽˣ˵֮ҾͻΪѧԺв顣
õģԺ
ɯЩõϢ棬ȨǺܴģҪǸԺѧԺ
ʵпܵĻǸ밲ѧԺʦְ񣬿ѧԺ֮ڵĳвʦ̫٣һӶô֮վԱЩʦ֮еһףȫ޷ɯ֪ʶܹ㣬ΪǿȫҳǣҰѧϰǿĿǰʺλ
ƼɴٶȺܿ죬ǲȻ涴ƼɴܽʮڵĿռԾ
ֻǲʮεĿռԾѾ˻Ĺ
ԺѾҵ˵ĳ涴
ţ涴ɡ
ǿŷɴһ֮Уֻиһ뷨
ˡ
֮󣬵򽫱ĸǿ
紩һͨԶһεɫѾɼ
̫ϵԵش
һҵķɴѾ⵽ǳս
⵽ɴ򣬼⵽ɴ򣬸ս׼
һԤǵһʱ䱻ˡ
ڷɴ棬Ŵ˷ΧĵսֺĸоɶʱҲᱻΧˡ


922 ˣ
ɯʱ˹ˣвӰΧǣڶǷ档
ǺǺǣﲻ֪ء
ϸһ룬Ǿ⵹һʵĺûᡣ
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Ժ֪ôˡ
ɯȻᶨƵִǵҲġ
Ƽս棬Ѿһٶս
ЩսҲǰףƼսһȣʵ̫Сˡ
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ȥǲ̫ˣǱյ˵ļ磬ͱ˸ˣ
Ҫ̫ǿˣǶǵļҲη塣
ɯߵǷʲôԺʲôǣûԺڻūڵɡ
⻰վǿߣȫ˸м֮顣
ǹǣҲǰǴӵ֮˳
ãǾͺúõһ
࣬ǿɲҪԺʧ
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սǱߣ˷ʡ
һȾȻˣȾ壬ȾūĵȾǳ֮ΪҰˣδ壬ǿĴǣƶԺķչ滮Ȩһ޼ȥһЩǾûбҪĴڵ֧ĻˣҾþûбҪڡ
⻰߻ҶǾĵġ
ʲôĵȾȫū磬˸Ǳε߬С
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ǵģ̫ɺˣʲôĵȾû˿ūࡣ
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棬ָģ߻ңѧԺ棬˶ˡ
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˹ǵΪʲô˶ֶѡ
ѧԺǱߴϢ⡭ⲻܣ
ʲôϢ
ѧԺǱ˵Щ˶ǵɾǿߣҲվǿߡ
ڶ綼Ѿİվǿߣǿߣܲô
Ϊǳˣȫѹ磬ࡣ
ǿ֮УɯӰٴγ֣һСʱʱ䣬һСʱ֮ǵԸ⳼ǽ̫ϵִƻ
ʲôƻ
̫Եˡ
Ǹô죬ܾԴС
ѧԺڣһ˵Ĵٿˡ
ѧԺ棬ǲڣʣµһȺʦȫһĪչõʧȥһݡ
һСʱĺܿ죬ڷɴȴŽ
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ǿһ£λǵڵ¡
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ɵǶһ
ǻ˵ʲô̲סǹƣ£඼Щ±ơ


923 
ǻ˻֣ɯ˳ȥ
ҽһ£ѧԺвɯһԵϰǱֵĺܺá
ϰ
¾ȣѵЩ˶ǼٵĲɡ
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ԭ
뵽ѧԺ죬˵ͷ
ѧԺ֮УһȺʦһͷˮզ֪¡
һԺˡ
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ָġ
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ǰԶ֪ѧԺʲôֶΣʲôʵһ˵ѧԺ
ɴһʧ֮С
ٳֵʱѾѧԺвڡ
ѧԺô
ֱǵԺһ֮ռһϯ֮صġ
ǾҪϰˣ뻹еСء
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ټѧԺʦ
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õģԺ

ǻصԼİ칫ң鿴˵ѧԺ
ڵĵӵ˿ڽӽ130ڣ˿ռһ룬ƾ˿ڼһռһ롣ˣѾʼ̫ϵ֮аϵѾӽϣԴÿ춼˻
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ѧԺڹԵǼԺ磬ѧҲǱֲĽѾΪǼԺĿѧ֮һĿԱв˳ΪרҽڣĽĴ£ǼԺĹܿɡ
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Щսжһ
ҪҵѾˣЩսˮƽǵĿƼˮƽںĽ׶Ρж૵ǵƣȲҪǵӴһսȫʹսǽ
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һȺ֪ôˣʱҲǿ֮дĻ档
Ƽսġ
صѧԺ֮ΪԷһƼսפ̫ϵ⣬״̬ʱ޿̶ڼһн཮ߡ


924 ˭
ͨƼսǿƺƵ˽ӡ
Ԫħ
һ۾Ϳӵıʶռ¡սжսҲ
ȻϣĿǰĵ˾Ԫħ
üͷǰʵСԪħвİȫڵĵ򣬲˵涼˾޴һƼս㹻һ֧ԪħĽӺһġ
Σ߱
ӰһѾ˻ǡ
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ҲǷүҴȥǡ
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ѧԺȻϲϷǾͺúõݡ
սĳԱȻΪ⻹ѧԺĹ˿֪֡
ǳһȻĽӶӳıʵЦԷǡ
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ڣڣ
ɣǲǵģһѪҲҪսס
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ǰ̫ˣȫһս壬Ҵʲôʿܿʲô϶ҲǶ֣һٲǣ͵Žǵıɣ
жĵЩ
ЩĽˣԪħʿڶŵôţԪħܱߵΪϵһˣڸ߲ɵͲͣԴ
үڸô죿иѯʵ
Ե෢棬ǻڤ粻飬ȴݻǵĽӡж˵ţ֮иݺ֪꣬治һ̫ƽģȻѾԪħĵˣΪԪħ棬òԵ֡
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սʿǣΰԪħľӣ֮ǰݻԪħʮӵĽӣѾŭԪħĻϡԪħ콢ӹǲ־ܣǽʽԵս
֮У˶һ⡣
ѧԺϰݵĵͦģðԪħľˡ
ôоЩԾǿЩս֮ǰһҸһ͵ġ
ԣƺⲻѧԺϰԪħɱˡ

ЩӵûеƷʣǣԪħһѡһԪħĽ쿴Ľûк󳷣ҲûͶ˼ս׼һ̾ҪǷЩ
ԣΪԪħֱ塣и
ȷܿ£Ҳ̫ˣҾûǵĽԼпԵֿȻѵǵĸ壬ԺԪħͳΡж˼һ£ǻʴ֮ĵģҲо˵вԲе뷨
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򽢶ӷ档
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ԪħӣʵԶԶռ¡ǴΡ
ģȥ֧Ԯ
жڵ๥һ֮ĻӶǷָ
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жɫһ䣬ܸоɲֻǰǿ֮УȻһǧ׳Ƽս
ƾճһʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ж͵һƼսȻģƼս˭ġ
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λˣλ˵ݣǵ׸ʲô
жʧ˵ɫ࣬ϵë𣬸оһѵѾŵĲϡ
ˣ˵ǻ֣̿޲˵أԽԶԽá
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үͻȻֵĺһƼսƼսĿƼˮƽ̫֮УƼսһ˿ӵеģ˵һ˵ү֮Ի˱飬ǲϳƼսˣ
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жһ֪סģʮ򱱾һߣʵ
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ж˵ʱ뵽ǵһȭڻǾ𺳲ѡ
ǿ󣬻羳ǿжֲԺ˵һ羳ǿ߾ԪħǰƼɴʵѪʵģֻǱλ羳ǿ߽ɻ񣬱ݡôո˵λǻɱѪʵĻ羳ǿߡ
ж˵ʱ򣬺͡
򱱾˿̶۾ɵϴͣҪΧѵл羳ǿﲻַʲôðԪħĵˣģǲͲ֡
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ַһλ羳ǿߣ˹ʲôֻжƲŻôɡ
жƺ㣬ˣԪħǵƺ˵һ΢飬֮ǰʱ򣬾һԳԪħʮӵҵأû뵽Ҷǵʱһ˼Ԫħһٶңǻˡ
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жҪˣЩԼλˣʲô֪Լַһ羳ǿߣⲻǰء
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ˣǴˣжŵһûˤʱֱӳսƼս͹
򱱾ʿҲ׷뿪˷ɴ֮С
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£ѧԺʵ̫ˣ治֪ǷɴѧԺԺʲôӵġ
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»ʶɯģ˿Χķνܲ͸磬ɯȻ֪ĽҲ̫ˡ
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ѧԺԺܵڿǲˣԷˣôҶ֡˵ţָָһ֮еĻ档
һ棬ɯȴ̲סЦΪ˭ԭԪħľӣǸЦԺǣݺݵشɾ󶼲ҳ棬ԪħԪħʱҪ˼֣ҵľӼ˵Ƽսû㲻ˡ


926 թ
µȼλĳ±ˣһȺҲ±ˡ
ѧԺԺôôô
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ϾѧԺԺ¼ǲɶõ顣
νʵ컷Сϵˡ֮Уϵ֮ΪϵڴϵмǧڵĺϵЩϵֹһСϵ˵ʲôơ컷СϵǾĹһСϵһǧ˰ٸϵɣ󡣡
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һǧ˰ٸϵǸǶһƬҪ֪ڶûпϵ
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ôǲǺܳԾ֮УʵϵһųһСԣʸûСص⣬֮ͳôĽΪ⾳߽ϵΪȻΪʵǰˣڵӦͻƵ⾳˽ˡ
⾳˽ףһȺ߲㶼һ
Ƕ֮еҲİ⾳˽ףǾɰ˼ѧԺ˵Ϊٶȶ׷Ϲ⣬ǺӣʩչŲ֮ɴһ򵽴һȫǿݺǺĴڡ
ǲΪѾʵǿͷֵԪħҲ⾳׵Ϊ
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˵ǣԺϣΪұǵĹĶӸˣһŭֱ֮ѹǣǵ򶼲ò¹ģ֪˴£ƨҷţί˳Ժʾá
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²˼ʵҲһΣǶѧԺλԺ˽ʵ̫ˡ
Ŷһ˵α羳ǿߡˣ羳⾳֮һ磬ڵռ棬ʱû磬֪ͺá
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ѧԺԺܻɱα羳ǿߣ˵ѧԺԺǻ羳ǿߣǿ߱ӣݺ
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ڵչȱĶ̫࣬ŪһЩؼĶԱɱǸ塣
ˣʵǼүҲǱƵģȫԪħʵһ򱱾̲סڵɲΪԪħʱڹԪħЩбãүȻԪħĿҲԪħʵд̣εжʵҲԪħҼү
һԼŵĹڰжϢ˵ԪħʲͣӦģѾһˮĵزȻ˵ĻжԪħʵսǵԺѹܶࡣ
пܣȫԷжλ
뵽⣺ãǣԪħŴðңҲܾôˡǴսװȫԪħóһǧҵ⳥¾ˣȻĻһԪħһ˵
ж⻰ۣԪ򱱾ĽҲһΪʮ˵װսʵֵҪǧˡ
ôǲԸ⣿
ǿû˻ش
Ը⣬Ը⡣
жҧҧòӦıŻˡ
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ǵ˵ţƼɴٴȥмͷβû
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ʮԪħʿ˷ܶȴҪʼװͲ㱼ȥˡ
ַ꣬ʲôģǹͶġ


927 һλǼʦ
ǾһٸԸ⣬һԸ⣬Ҳҷ
ΪԵһλ羳ǿߡ
ΪûɱǣѾǶԶʴȡ
ǱߣѾ˿ʼЩǿһǧ׳սԼǾ¾׵װˮˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
̲סζû뵽ᷢ顣

ɯȴҡҡͷܲпģ֮Уǿ߿˺ǺӣԺֻǽսװʵѾǶһˡ㿴ǰжȻҲܲԸȴûжôۣΪ֪Լʵ׬ˡ
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ɯӰɱˣ̫еǰһ컹Ǵƽʢ֮лҷȽǿ߱ӻѧԺĵطΪ˲ţֱ̫ˡ
ˣһȻѧԺˡ
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ЩսԺǵˣЩսصǶ
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һ䱸вһٸĿռװ
ڶ䱸еԶսװñǹ
䱸пԿռԾСͷɴ˵
ģ䱸ȫͻףٿԵǼսĺը
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ĻһЩĿǰЩԪħ
ս棬һɻս121ңһǧ׵ĺǼսĿǰѧԺʮңȫ˵εƷԺսƷǲûа͸ǱȻ϶޷֧ңʱǷš
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ţĺܺãԺҲһѧԺѧԺǵǿ԰ǣȴ޳ĸ衣ȻĻͻԸʲôҪѧԺǵ˵ţʵǵ̫ˣѧԺ׺ֿ
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ж⾳Ԫħ⾳λ컷СϵҲ⾳ǿѾԳΪ֮еһˡ
ǵɾż۷壬ҲվŽ۷壬ʵûͻƵ⾳
ޱ飬ŰǼ￨õС
һλ⾳ǿߣԵܴ
ΪԽԽãֶԽԽãûһҶѧԺ֮вѧǻӭţѾ˿Ƶ棬ǾȻһλ׵ŮӣŮӵϣƺЩĨĳվԶƺڵȴɹһ㡣
һôֲõԤС
ȻÿǺÿˣҪһƿǿˡ
æķƵı棬Ƕʱ˶ˣֻһ뷨ǲǴ򿪿Ƶķʽ⡣


928 Ĵ
ҪĿ϶һλУһλΪѧԺսĸ֡
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ϵͳεĴЩ
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ǵ˵ͷѾϸ鿴ϵͳ˵Ʒ
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һŹֽ滹עⱾǳһС˵
ǶʱǺˣϵͳɶʱôֱˣȷʵţơ
˵Ű˴֮ͨһͽôڣ֮䣬ΪңɣҲκηһ㣬ŷԽκηɽţƵһнʲô˲ɱ󷨣߶ϣ˲ƣɱն޵С
ֻǿһ飬ǶЩѪˣ⹦ţ档
ȫ͸ƻҪٵʱ䣬Ϊ̺Ĺϵܶ඼ġ
ƷҲһƷ
⾹ȻһöָѾϵͳ֮лȡöָԽָƺЩˡ
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ָ֣ϵͳ֮Ϊ;֮䣬һǳС˵
ϸһļƷоϵͳ̫ˣЩʵãҸţ档
պƷǾǰ֯Ůٻˣ뵽֯ŮƺѾЩȲˡ


929 ƽ
ѿϣһѪ棬ֻһ߲ɫͻȻ֣Χʮס
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֯Ů̲סȤϾȻѵõһЩЦݡ
ǲӣⲻǻһλع۵ĲġǿЦѣ֯ŮʦȻǵѧԺԺҲѧԺʦһֱӰ쵽ѧǣԻǿһ㣬ֹһΪáɣ֯ŮʦֻҪѧԺ棬ʮʦۣҿԿǰţҲٻѧԺ
Ե棿֯Ů̲ס¶˾ϲɫǵɱĸ׵ĶˣһԺȫԺţҹأӴ˲벻
һƭ㣬ԽԽϲˣԼû취ƺڳԼ֯Ůú˼Ժƺеȡ
ѧԺ֮С
֯ŮʦѧԺʳãȻ˵ɲͷ¶⣬ѧԺȻһ͵ĴͳһܵḶ́ҲǷɵĹ̡ͨԷ飬Ҳ֪ԼˣǸ߸ϵۡǵ˵š
ˡ֯ŮӦԺ֪Լ϶ҲҪʦһÿͲͣġ
ǵĽʦԢѧԢͼݣͼݣѧԺĺĵطˡ֯ŮʦȥͼݿգӦвѧʦ濴顣˵ţ߽ͼݡ
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֯ŮʦƯҪôƯͺˡ
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ţвͼݷΪŲ㣬һİٷ֮һطûءͼ滹еĶĵطǿտҲԺĻһ֮лȡһЩ鼮ͼݡǰԼ뷨˵һ飬ȻһһϦ顣
뿪ͼݣԺҲǹǡ
֯ŮԶգеɹЩе̺ص
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ǵģҿѧԺѧǻͨ·ʵ̫ªˣҼȻÿѧһ»ǲѵġ
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˵Ĺ֯Ů۾һʵҲоˣӦþǸȷʵ֯ƽԺ˵ģǻĹ˵ĸоܲһͷԶų˯ޣʱҪɽȥˡ
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һɫ£ܶҪһʱ䡣ԺĿǰҪһɫ£ȸвѧǴϡȻĻʱ䣬һЩߵȵ£߸ɴһЩѧǺһ֯ƽ¡
ԡ
֪֯Ůһ˵ޣǺҪĶԺֻԽԽһЩѧѧּǱزٵġ
صѧԺǸ֯Ůźסȥչˡ
Ǵ⾳Ҳɾ硣
ǳΪ֮Խ׺ľεͻơ˵ģ֮УһͨҪ⾳϶Ҫʮ֮ãվҲҪǧ֮áȻҲкţֻ磬̫ëˡ
ȽѧԺѧѾˡ
⾳һ޴ż֮Խ⾳ҪΪӵйٶȡ
Ȼ϶һţ⾳Ž׵ǿߣȷ׷֮еĹ⡣
ؼǣ⾳ǿѾ˲Ƶ
еԭǵǲİʵǴԽ涴ֳ涴ɲִ͵Ŀռ涴΢涴ռ֮Уɢźܶ΢ռ涴˵ǵУֻ޷ˣν⾳磬ʵǻֿ΢涴
ѧԺ⾳֮ΪɣҲͬĵɵġ졯Ҳ棬翪ʼǿʼӴĶ
ص⣬ǷЩ΢涴ʵô΢涴󣬻һ⡣
ʱ򣬲ò˵ǾǰռͰ
ĳ涴γ˳涴ƣĳ涴һİռ䡣ռ֮УһּΪǿǾǰ⾳ǿܴ֮Խռ涴Ϊ˷΢涴
˵ǣ⾳ǿЩŤռ䣬ѳ涴һͨ
ɴĿռԾ˵˲ƣԶľŲơ
һֶֺΣҲֶε춨⾳ǿʱ
һĹȥת۾һ¡
ܸܵһռ䣬ȴζȥռ䡣
ƺһסҲڸ򻹲ܽ롣
ǳ˼һ£òˡ
ǲûأǿʼת޴ʲôŵİ˴֮ͨһǺѧϰҪġ
˿̵Ԫħȴһ
жұ죬羳ǿǻ羳ǿߣɻܸõôΪʲôôõ羳ǿߡеսװ˽ɻˣҪһǧң֪˵ʲôԪħʷŭһͷŭޡ
磬ûƭ㡣ж
ûУûôԪħЦʲô⣬ΪҲƭһǧңȻƭȡʮ˵װսǲװʮˡҰģܲףҵĺõܵܣǲѾ׼췴ˣ
磬ֱǷˡжѾŭɶֱں
Ԫħʱһֱӷɳλ۵ߣȻԪħλϣϣһҪ˵ġ
Ϊʲôжûзƾλϰϡ
ȥԪħ˵ţ˵ɫԵЩ㲣羳ж̫ʧˡ
ҹ
Ԫħļ֮Уһӳˣүðɣ
ｫ㣿
жЩ𾪣ȻȴûɵһֺܲõԤС
үˣֵǻڵ㡣
һһУҲܸߡ
үѾˣԪħѾ㣬ѾԪħ
ж˶ǳź˼ʵţΪ飬λҪɱ

ǣ
һϢͬȼǣ˵컷Сϵ
Ѿûܳɹһʤһһʤѡ֣Իһȥ澺ϵؾʸ񡣡
ؾ˶ˡ


931 ޣ
֮صĵطЩطҪôǿµżҪôȻγɵһʥء
ϵؾһʥء
ؾ澺Ĺ֮¡
ֻؾԶô׵ģķȡ澺ʤ澺Ļᡣ澺ôһʤܱؾģ˵޼һ㶼Ҫʤϲʸ
ԿȡһʤܽؾܶĶˡ
ǣ컷СϵΪ֮ˣһشĻ
вٵĴԣñȽؾΪһ޴ͻƣһЩ߽пܽӴ˵еĲ༶
ҲӵϢҦܵ˵Ķǻ
ӵˣȡþʮʤϵľ쾳ѡ֣ʸȡ˵ţԴԺߺѾﵽ˾ʮʤǾʮʤټǵΪǷ쾳ȴȫϾһʤȴҲǻã
ǵģʮʤ֮󣬾ǰŵѡҲԽԽǿˡϴκһսǸһȻһ־Ҳʧľ档Ҧ뵽£ѶٴҲҪһԲУǸؾʵ̫ˡ
óȫʵˡȻǿһʤʸûС
˵ʱ˵ͨѶͬʱ
ʼ
ҵҲǡ
򿪣⾹ȻǴ˴γһʤĹ
֮˿ݣǵжЩš
Ȼһ̶ѡ֣ǰʮʤŵĶֿκˣһʤȴ޵ļһңǵһȻ˶ޣҲɥʧʸ񡣡૵ްվĽܣȻվŽ׵ǿߣΪܹˣΪ͵˷쾳Žס
˼ţȫմȥսޡĻ˳ɹԺǺܲƽ
⻰ȴҡҡͷ޵ʵǿԽľѡ֣ΪǰѡֶԶʵ̽ԵһЩսԡԶԺѡǰսᣬȴ˸ʵʤᣬ̸ϳԿ˵ƽˡ
Ҧϸһ룬Ҳˡ
˲һսޣԶ޵ʵǰʤ˶ޣһʤҲǻãԹñˡ
ʮʤûȡã򾺼սˡ
š
˴⣬Ǹһ򾺼Ϣ˹
ֻдţʮ㣬ɽVSޡ
Ҧܺͻȫһ㶣Ҳ֪ɽģԴһǰȡ˾ʮʤɽ伣ˡ˵ɽǱȥˣΪľǳһʤ
ҿɽսƵһֲֿ˲䱬ɽ緢һĻ˲öָˡ

һսһҪȥ

ڶ죬
˶ˣ˵ľȻϯ
Ǿǻɽ
һðŻ⣬ɫʯӡ
ǵģһģ˵ǻɽ;вݻ
˵ʱ򣬾ϵ̨߳һųһװҵӡ
ޣ
֪˭˵һ˶ǻ
㣬ҾܻһʤؾʸҪˡ
ɽȭͷжð˻⡣
һΪѹƵһûʲô⣬ǾͿʼɣ
ȻҰΪѹƵĺһ֮ͬڣһû˭ؾʸʵ̫׻ˡ
ɽЦһԾǳ˶ޡ
գ۾ǵ˶޵ߣһȭɽһ˶޵ϡ
ɾʱֻ޵Ӱһţͬʱһ⻮˾Ǻһ㡣
ͣ
ѪŻɽĲӳµΣΪʵ棬Դֿˡ
ʤ
һǾĵģ˸ûзӦ
ɽǾʮʤѡ֣ȴһиɱˣֱ̫˼ˡһŵĸо
㿴ôոһ˲䣬޵˺üΣڿռ֮нƶһƶȴѭĳֹ켣ȻڿɽߵʱֻһӽͿԴҦܵ˵š
ʹõһּΪµǽʱҲˣɫء


932 ߽
Ҳˣٴս޵ľѡ֣˿вòȨ
Զ޵ûӦ԰취᲻Ҳһɱˡ
ȡʤ֮뿪ˡ
һսĺ䶯ȴþޱ
˶һʵ̫ǿˣȡһʤûô򵥡
Ҧܺͻصס
ʱǷ֣һȻסĵطϸˣһȻĪ˷
Ժ
˼ͬʱ
΢΢һЦӦúʱ򣬲Ȼһʤûжϣ
Ҧܺͻ⻰Щεĵ˵ͷ
ǽȷʵ޸ˡ
ʵҲյ澺͵ϢŹģ˭Ҳ澺˺š
ʱڱչزողһЩüĿΪȴòϵǡ
Ϊ֪ҦܺͻһŹġ
ԺȡһʤǸ޲Уǿ˶޺һλʮʤѡֵս޸Ѵ֮ͻ˶Էʱʵ˵ˣﻹж޳ֵ¼Ժ㿴һ¡
áǵ˵ͷ
ֱͨѶĲŹܣ¼Ͳ˳
ʵҲʮӲƵȥǰ˷ϻӶװƣʵֵʱֻһ롣
ǿɲһˣڵΪӽ⾳
۽缫Ϊֻǿһͷ˶ʹõԭ
Ժô
ˣʵⲢǿҡ˵ţȴӰƺڿռ֮Ʈһڿٵĳһƶ
ԣǸ޾Ҧܼ
ʵܼ򵥣Ӧ˿ֶΣôƶʵǵȻǣܱߵ򡣶ƶķֱߣΪЩλòõֱϡǵ˵š

ǵģо򣬵ܱߵÿһǣǣǰ޷Ŵټǣȴ˲䱬ֲٶȣԶͬȾʮǵ˵ţⲻʣµġ
ԭҦܳ˼һ¡
ǵģ޸ˣּ־ӶΪԼá˵ģǣȡǵ־޾վʵҲûκεİ취ЦЦ
Ҧܺͻ⻰ЩΣǲ̫ˡ
ˣڿʼҾʹǽΪһµĳ̣ϣ˻ܶޣȡһʤǵڵĻȸǽһʲôô
Ժǲ̫ˡ
һ£
Լĺòǻ
ҦܺͻһȻǶʱϲ⡣

ʱ䣬ľ̵ˡ
ȻѼӽɣҲ˲ôˣת۾ǹȥ˶ʮ졣
ԭ
ƿǷ쾳ǿա
ô˵ȴһ㶼ģΪΪʲô˲Դ
Ե֮иһ¡
Щ̫½нʮս˶ޣȫʧܸգǿһҲͺͶ޶˲һС˵ȴɫأֽϵĹѾûˡؼѽһý˲ܱһѽҿ϶һý֣ɱоѽ档
Ժ˼ֱڣ޶ûóȫʵҦЩ𾪡
ǵġǿ϶
ˣڶûзӳȫʵʩչѾ϶ΪĽȭΪýӳȫʵǴʩչ
пܡ
ǵ˵ͷ˿
Ǹô죿
Ҧܺͻո˵ģ˿ֶĻ
ԣǱʣµʱ棬һָ߼ǵһЦһĹҹӦֻ߽ѧһƤëھϣɱҲ㹻ˡֹܲʽս֮ǰջ񣬾ͿԵ컯ˡ
߽
Ҧܺͻ촽Ƕּ֪ǺεȵóȥٶҪң⻹мУǷɵˣȻ˭һ߽


933 Ժ̫
֪˵𾪣ʵѧԺ֮УּĹҲ֮١
ңҲʲôѧѧϰġ
ƽʱǿ϶Ҫ˸һ㣬Ϊ⣬ҲֻǷˡ
ˣҰѴĹǣȺúõһ¡
ָһ㣬Ѿѹǡ
ʵڣҲֻ˲ɵĴǿﵽСɡ
ˣƾŴ䲻֮£ܻɱ⾳ǿߡ
ֹʵ̫̬ˣǴĺ˲ɱ󷨣ȫǴɱ
£
ǰҿһ飬ȻֻǿŹ˼
Ҧܺͻ¶𾪵ɫ
ɣȸǼ򵥵ĽһŹǰԼŹؽˣĽ⣬ʦڿΣ׵ľеŵʩչȴǲһЩ
ѣ
һ˲ҪΧĿռϣҪΧϣҪϣһȫһ
Ҧܵ˵ţ޵ǽıȽ
ǻˣȻҦܲ١
ھͿʼÿҲĽȣǽָ
ǣԺ
֮
ĵھʮԣȥɣ
ã
ǺҦһԿţʵʱ򣬾ƺþʮʤѡսޣѡǰŵĶֶǿȫ̭ѡ֡
˹壬С󣡡
࣬
˻ıһԾͿʼˡ
˹С֮һĸ䣬أҲˣӵſֲ˵ͨİ˹˶Բĸϸ΢
ɱ
ɱ
СһԾһȭ˻һȭȻһСɽӰҪѻҳϡ顣
ɾʱֻӰϵȻܱ׾ȴޱȡ

СȻһȭͻС塣
һСɢˡ
еͬʱȻǻȡʤ
Ǹš
ʱڽ棬һ̲ס޵
ʦ˵޵ġ
ǵġ
ߵ˵ͷӦѧϰ˶޵˵ĸ̶̲һ¾ѧ޵ʵ̫𾪡
Աߵһʮ꣬ȴЩʦңһԻ
̲סЦɣ֪ĸ֪ˡ㾺ʵȥؾʶһ£Ȼֻ澺һؾŻвٵġ
Ҳк⻰һ˿ڴʦһȡһʤġ
ߵ˵ͷ֪ɵʵѾ˰ʮʤ򾺼սȡһ֮ǰľʮʤȻĻµʱᱻ˽ȵǡ
Ҳֻһȡһʤ˿ɾûκλˡ
߿ɵɫ΢΢ҡҡͷȻô˵ҲҪԼѹʧˣһеطġ
һȴǶ־ʢֵûʧܡ
ˣҦ̲סԻһĴָ
СʱҦܵĵھʮ˳ԡ
ҦͬʹصȻһɵػɱ˶Էȡʤ
صס֮
Ǽ̵ˣڴ򣬻ǲһЩ
Ҧܻãǿɣֻһɡ
ǿֻаѴϣ˲аջܶޡ
Ժ̫ˡ
˶Щȴ֪ľˣǻˣڶûš
мʱ䣬Ǽ治еĻѧԺһֽ򿨵ĶһĻԿһ¡
ʵһõŶ򿨣ȥѾ˶һߵһţʣµֻˡ
ÿһŶ򿨣Ҫ㶼ǺģϾ޵ĶҲܰ͸ǡ
˸
һϣһҷɴǣŵɯ
ԺһǶһĶ򿨡
ţ鷳һˡ

һµʱӽβս޵Ѿˣһɹ
ٸʮʤľѡ֣ÿһԳ֮ΪţȴǾˢȥˡ
Щʮʤûдﵽѡ֣ǲ֪
ޣѵĲսʤ
̲ס뵽ʱ򣬻е𣺡һVSޣ


934 Ļ
ڹս̨ϣҦܺǶڡ
ԺΪʲôҪûȥսޣҦܵͻĹϵûȥûжٵʤ㡣
Ҫȥս޵ģԼġǵѵеԵô֪ԼܻܶޣԻ㴴ᡣӦøлһĺͬѧѡ
Ҧ⻰̲ס˵ͷ
һѧԺģȻڲܳ˾Ƕȴ쳣Žᡣ
ʦǸսˡɵԻӡǺ̵ģΪʦ޹
ţʵûжٵʤ㡣΢΢ҡͷҿɣСӣʵӦûصֶΣ˵漣
ϡ
Ŷޣսӿ
ȴЩȣֻֻз쾳۷ΪҲòΪѹƵ쾳ס
սʼ
һ£һʱ䶯ˡ
Ըݣǿˣõİ취ǲֵĻᡣ
󣡡
һ޴Ӱ˻ͷŻƶ
ѹ
ʵģǴ˵еľ񣬲߿ֲҲǼΪĿֲ
ֻǾ޴ӰһŲȹ޸Ӳӡ
Ȼˣ
ЦԤķֺ
޺ħ
һɵĽշӶȻ˶׼һ
շһսһյһһת֣һȭڣһֳ⣬ͬʱ˶ޡ
ã
ɫ΢䣬û뵽㵽ж
ȭ
޴һһȭ˳ȥ
ΪѹƵͻ൱ǽշ˴һʩչһȭֻ޷ȫֵסĹ
飡
շһȭ˶޵ؿڣֱӰѶ޴˳ȥ
ˡ
ԼǱһ⾹ȻԤķֺʱɷ˵ģһУһѷɽ̶ֱ
ٲɽ
һɽںϵһ飬ٲɽʵǷѧҲǸľѧ
ǷѧĳϣҲܷӳ˼
һŸոյĹȫһǳɡ
ã
̫ţˣ
ȫѹŶ޴ҪӮô
ɴ˿Ҳǿ𾪲ѣԵĸоʵޣսϵȴǽȻ෴ǻһжޣȻܻɱޡ
ôսҲǻۣʲôǻۣǶսֵİպͶ죬棬Ѿﵽһַ˼ĵزһͼƻõģѾǧٴΡ޾ʵǿûлֵĻᣬһôûСԽԽˡ
֪ˣʦɿŻһЩ
ٶȣ˿Ѿ쵽˼㡣
еѾ˿̻ʩչصҲǼƻõġ
ˣˣ
Ҳץ˷ɽЩȥɣ
޿ŽߵĻǰδеأ㲻ǿ֣ȴսһңǲһ㡣
һʲô˼
Ǹţֻڵʯʱ䣬һѽب˶޵ǰ
ֻǳʮ֣ȴõס˻ķɽϸ˫ײ
ǵһҰνˡ
˵ţһ𳤽Ϳһҫ۵ĹâȻʲôˡ
ܵģһѸٶȥ

оֱϵʹֱϳһӡ
˻Դٴ۾
ûг֮Σһֵ𾴵Ķ֣ңô׵ġóǿֶΰɣҲȫԸ
⻰ЦãսŹˬ졣
ս
ս
˼ͬʱ
ʱ˫УĬʲôɫȻΪ
ʲô
ҸоҪŴˡ
ЩŹ֣ʲô϶ǿġ
ûдϻѾˣӦǻûȫһ
ǳ٣
ﻺ³һ仰˸Ŷ¶ޱ𾪵顣
ֻڻͷȻһӰޱȣɽклľ
ǳֵһ˲䣬Ƕһ˶оµĴڲһ¡һ
ʦô£ɴ˿̶¶ɫ
ģ⹹ǣ֮ǰǸ¶˲ŵӣ֮ǰŻģʲôշӣ֮ģҲֻǸоЩһ㣬Ǵ˿̿Ȼģһܵĸо


935 ôƽ֣
Ϊʲô˵Ϊģһǻǲܵ顣
һģ⣬Ǹơ
ܣתĸַԼһһ㡣
ϡп˲༶Ӱӡ
һ˵һ仰òɶǴʧɫĻ
ʲôв༶Ž֮ϣڵȼǻ羳ǿ༶ʲô֪ܲϣʦȻۣܲôɶЩˣʦ߱ϵѡѧѵⲻ֪ʲôҰСӡ
ڹս̨ϣҲסˡ
˻ԼĶԻƺͷ졣
Ժ봴һԼɷ
԰ʲô뷨
С˵֮ɷ࣬й࣬޺࣬зķ࣬˵ҴһԼķģɵͨǲɵܾܾһһˣʱȺɵļϣ֮档
㵹룬ȻҲ֪ɷֻܴܲҪŬһջġ
ţҲôġ
ƺ˺ܾ֮
Ժҵķһ׶ˣѾģһЩ򵥵񡣡
ܲǿֵñ
Ժûʲôҽô
ţô˵ģȻģ񣬴ӶģͨûУ֮ôǿ滹磬ǻ档ңƾã˥ϲŭ֣㿴Ǻ֮еͨһţ֪˶꣬ǲֲĴڣȻȴ̺Զ˵Ĵԣ÷ģһϵϵʱѾΪ֮۷Ĵڡ
Ŀô
˵ʱı飬һּΪӡ
Բһɷ
һַһֹڸƵķһ֮
Ժ
Ҧܹһ£ΪԼ˽⻪ˣ˿ȴǷԼԶˡ
յӵеǱô׷ϵġ
ǣҲһɷ
ǰ
΢΢һЦЩԺˡ
Ǳߡ
Ҫ찡һӿЦѡ
Ǻǧ꣬ȵţҲĿƣȻ裬Ҳ²ҲֻԺ֮йûʩչΪһʩչľȫΪȡھһжģģûж˺
ôǿȻǴ޿ɺǡǾãпȡʤô
Ȼѣ©ʵ̫࣬ƿصڳһЩǾûˡ
ϣѾԼɷ
ϸʱѾ߳ѪȴЦ
аɣޣ
ֱֱķģ֮Уģںϵһ顣
ã
޴˿˷ޱȣĳӴ
ǳ棬˺ƺźɽҰʬ壬ڤĿ
ģת
һǿյѸ˶ޡ
ЩཻҪѶ˺Ƭվڶ޵ĽǶȣԵľһ򣬶ǻ
صĸоҲģ֮
ţҺɫһԹһֱӻա
ս̨ϵˣо٣
ģ򶼱˻Һɫɾʱ͵ըˡ
Ի٣䣬һ˲䱬ʱա
ȥûУҲ˾
ƺ˺ܾãһе
VSޣƽ
˶סˡ
ƽ֣
ȥôƽ֣
찡̫ˣȻͶ޴ƽ֡
ʱ϶һЩЦݣһ˲䣬ͬʱը֮Уƽֲ֡˵ʵлȡʤġѡ˺СӲӲȫӢϧӢۣе˼
Ȼû˵ͬ𾪡
ҦȴǺƽǲζŻȡһʤ
ʱ򣬾һλһʤܶԷУƽֻܲܳӮԺлһʤˣıԼһVSޣ
⻰˶ˡ
һǶޣڴʵǶ޵ר
ˡЩ˷ܣߵɫȴ΢΢һ䡣


936 ̫
ȵȡ߿Ҫӽ뾺ȴǼæ
ʦôˡЩ֡
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ҦϸţΪþսѧԺпĿγֵ̣ȴԶӣսʱǲܵԷԵӰ졣
˻Դվ
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Ƕ̵˶֮֮УڵȴŲɵ˿ȴɵˡ
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СӾȻǾʦ
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Ǵ˿ҲǺ𾪣֪ʦģ֮һصߣӵԶ˵ľֱӲݱսһ𣬾ͿԲݸֶɱ֡ʵʦѧԺķɽ֮ǺǿֻȻɽ֮ҲָĴģȴʹõߴӸϻвġؼǣʦһЩ˼Ƿɽ֮Աȵġ
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ţɫüΪѿжܵĻ档
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937 
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ӴܣǺɫ̵ϵعһѪۡѾòҲ̶ãƺʱܱԷһʱĲɣȴ쳣˷ܣͬʱҲӵļˣö޼ھһ룬Ƕ衣
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938 ˲ɱ
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ڣҦҲϰٳڶ޵սò϶һóսˡ
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ڵȣһᣬԽѹԽӵѡ
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ڻǵĵҦܵ۹֮УܵĻ棬ÿεĹȼյĸǹһԽԽãȥʱҲ׼ʵ˲ɱ󷨵ĺڡ˾ǧٰ㹥ֻҪɱңֻһУõ˳׻ɢҦܵŶûаʹãԴӦôﵽҡ
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ʩչһٶལ֮ЩҦˣȻҦÿζòͬķһֹȥҦܱذɡ
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939 ѧ
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޶Ȼɫ䣬δţæָһźɫ棬ֱצ
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ȵһɲǣͻȻƾڶ޵Ժ󣬷ޱȵи£ٶ֮죬֮ңض˹ֻоǽ𵴣زƺҪ㸲ת١
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ʦߣɲ֮еʲôǻߣ羳ǿߡʦһλʦͨ־죬ܰʦΪʦĸʱ򿪿ڵ
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˵Ĳǻ羳ǿߣǰΪʦҶȻỨѴ㡣Ĳ˵ٿԱ֤˳⾳ܲͻƵ羳ǾҪԼ컯ˡĹҲ˵ʱ򣬳Ժ
⾳ȻҦȻʲôĹı֤ô
ߣһ·⾳ǶĽġϵ֮еҲΪЩ⣬ʦֻҪԸȫ⾳ѧ
ҿ˰ɣʵȥˣڲɿ⾳Ѿ˲ˣѧԺƶĹ滮֮Уʲô⾳ҲʵǳѧѡѵҪһʦֻΪѧԺбҵԣбҵ
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ҦܺͻͬʱǺˣǲ̫Ҹоˡ
ˣ㻹̫ᣬ֪֮·ĿҪȥݷһѣҲһؾȰ˵ҵġĹ˵ţ־ҪŻץȥ


940 ڼף
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ʦĹ˼һ£ʵӦûж⣬Ȼ˵Щ
ǰɣȷе˵ѧԺѧѧԺʦкܶࡣǵƽƺ˵һͨ飬ĹĶ棬ȴȫˡĹ϶ǻ羳ǿߣ˵ʦкܶ࣬ľΪѧԺ滹кܶ羳ʦ
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ΪҦһҰ·ӳߣڿȫһӴšջΪѧȫںѧô
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áĹɴ⣬Ҫȥʱһ֣ȴٻһκɫҺ壬żȻһһַкڼף͵ΪҸոյ³çˡ
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ǾͶлˣֱӸѧԺѧɣ˭СǵžͿĹǵκɫҺ͵˻ǰֱӽӴҺ̬ĺڼ׾ͻԶϡ
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ѧԺ֮Уǻˡ
鿴һԼҪĿǰɶ֮һ
ҲϵͳҪѧԺλɾĳֻһҿЦǣǶ֪˭
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ֻʱȾȻʾ֮ǾÿܶĽĳ⡣


941 ɣ˵Ľ
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ŰǼ￨ƣǳ˼һ£ϵͳҴظֻɴ󷨣̵ȫͨĹ
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ϵͳʼ䣬ܿЩͽǵԺ
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942 ϵͳȨ޵ͽ
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ȻȼѧѾҪȥǸѧѧȴǺҪһЩ硣Ѿ紴һ¼磬ȻҪ׷һ֮оγһ־ķ
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̲ס¶˷֮ɫһֱΪ꼶ѧ⡣
һҲѧְ301
ǰʱ񣬶һԺƺţȻѧͽְıԼԺٶȡεְֻҲ֪
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ֱӵϵͳΪʲôûҵԺƺŵȼ
ԺĿǰĵȼѾǸ߼ԺʵһȼǶԺһɵȼϵͳϿɵĳƺ档
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ˣһǸϽٻʦˡ
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ǰָſװأҪǱˣԺô档
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ǱһS+츳Ȼֳܻôȼ
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Ż֣ĺòпᣬֱӣڵЩѧԺѧ棬֪мܴﵽϵŵĳ̶ȡ
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ԺΪ˳вʽԺ֮ϵͳԺ츳еڶ
ϵͳڣ˷
츳ʲôģϲˣϾغпܣһ漶źá


943 漶ԣͻƣ
ϵͳ𣺡ϵͳ趨츳漶
ʲô漶
˶ǾˣЩţҲΰɣ漶츳ˡ
Ҹ̫ͻȻ±ˡ
ʲô漶츳֮۷ţϡ١
漶츳޾Ǳǰ;ޡ
漶츳Ժĳ׶ӡ
ʲô⾳羳ͳͳ⡣
貵ҵţƺƺڴˡ
ϵͳڶθ츳ҲһΡĻ漶츳Ҫϵͳĸ졣漶츳ûһȷ֪ϸĽһ¡ʵν漶츳ĳһﵽļޡееǾеˣеƿؿռȵȡõ漶츳ϵͳݳΪһϸԺıҪѾ趨Ϊԣ
ԣ
ǵģ֮ͬܵеϵͳ
ԣһֿŵĶȷʵڡ
ĴеI3еI5еI7ȴֱI100
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ҸյõϵͳʱμһģһૣʱǨĸо
ʼʣУ
ʼԣУ
ʼ꣬У

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⵽״ãС
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йڴ֣ޱչ¶Ժ
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ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ѾŹ͸Խתֽ⡢
ҦɵĴǻʹһֶ򿨲ġ
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ǵԺ֮гһ棬Щݻת䣬ܿеĹ
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Щÿһϸռ䶼ʮһһ㡣
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ſƴѪҺҫ۵ĹâԿӰ۳͡
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λ뿨һ޶ӳǰҿ˺档
ҽһ£ѧԺԺǣӭǵĵ΢΢һЦȿڡ


944 µ
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ү࣬ǶְĳƺǶˡѧԺ棬ԺܻһλھҪǽ֡
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á
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Ĳ濴ߣŹٷһ˫С۾棬ȴ͸¶һ˵ľ
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ǣԺ
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ǣԺ
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ʦ;Ѳ˼ڵںӹ죬ҪȥѲ졣ΪĹΧڵ֮ڣҪ뿪཮ҲòŽΪĹҪһǱ߸Ҫһְλ
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ǰź˵ְλѧԺѾ磬ѾٳӦƽ磬λСѧʦڿѧǰ񡣡
СѧһȺʦϲ⡣
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ЦĵڶƽˣһҪ洴ʥջҪ˵ĳɾ͡
ҪȥΣ磬ıΣĽ֡
˲磬Ҫһͳ

СѧΪڵѧ࣬ʵҲøǿƽȡþ˵ĳɾͣҲѡʱ򲻵ҪǿҪ㹻ǻۣҪȴŶЭ
ǵİ칫ңڿ顣
˳ԣĹؼɷǿƼͼֽ׿
漶ԣʵǿֲ֪ʶ
ૣ츳һ֪ǴѧԺҲ飬ʱȥˣΪѧԺռ츳ѧڵѧԺǼ츳ѧв٣ǺǼ츳ѧȻʮ
µ츳ȼ֮Ǿ͸ѧԺѧôS+츳ѧ϶ǼҲֻ߸ǺǼʵѾܸˣǶһҪΪһѧԺΰѧԺȴٵĿ
ϵͳ֤ˣԺS+츳ƷȻҪꡣ
Ȼоѹɽ
һ𣬸飬ϵͳʾ
вѧԺǺԺȥ5Ǽ츳ѧɣҪޡһžǼ￨ƣһɷʮŶ򿨡
񣬼ֱҪǵ
ѧԺô꣬еʮǼ츳ѧһ5ⲻǿѰɣ
һžǼ￨ƣȴǵ۾Ʋ
ʲôǾǼǾһλ羳ʦҲɾʦ
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ʮ֮󣬷ɴ˳涴
ףԺǸǿҵսظһ۾һ۾ƺ˰֮ĳ
֮⣬һڲֻߡ
ޣѩӣ˾ҲΨ·һһ﷢


945 ҵ֣֪
ǰĶޣȫ뾺һģһ
ھʱһѡֶߣòǶȻûС
Ҳһѩǧ񸶳ۡţ۾Ѫ죬Զȥ˿ǵѪ϶ദˣĳҲֻʣ˰ء
ȥķǻĹ
ֻվΪδظҽյĻĹ
ӣôӵõҪɱ˿ѩӣƮѩϵ߼Ц֮Եڻûɱ˶ޣȫǱè׽̬ö޾Ŀ־֮ȥĻȥһõѩӵİ
ϾѩӽҪöô
׷ɱ˶죬ʱһϣְϣֱڣ޳˶ѩǧĳԽԽȴû˿ɥʧġ
ߣֵܼ֮ڣǾԼлĹ򣬴ӶҾڻĹڵʱ׽סһĿ˫˫ţŸѪҺ裬ƤʱһܾѩǿƵȻܸˡš
һ׷һӣϵؽӽĹ
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ǿɶɱ˲ͷأιϷˣһˡߵЩм
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ߣҲʶǰӽޣǾһλѡ֮֡ǰҦܺͻһʤʱյĶֶǻˣ츳ܸߣؾߣֻǲ֪Ϊʲôԭ򱻸˳ǶԶҲǳ˺档
ǵĻ˶΢΢һ
޿ǰԽԽء
ĹǰˣΣգǽȥ֮кܴĿ˦ߡ
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飡
޵˫ֱӱնϣǰſȥݺݵˤС

޿ŽǰĻĹƺ־һȴεס壬Ҳá
ޣζܲܰɣ
˶ߣһŲ˶޵ϣΧʵʡ
޵˫ֲϵץţָ׶ѿˡ
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ΪŭϵѪܶҪˡ
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һץ˶޵ͷĿԵѩʲôݣʲôݣȻҺѩԣҿϧ
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޻ߣһͷĭ˳ȥĿѩǧСˣαӣҴѲһɢƮѩҲúġƮѩϵҪΪ˸ۡ
⻰̲סЦһˣ뱨Ʈѩ֪Ʈѩ˭ôǿϵ֮ΪĻߡ
޳Ĭˣȴһľ
޴֮ˣݺʵǿЦɣһȿ˫˫ȣһĹͷ͹裬ٰƤԴײеЦĵѾ̧

һȻֻռ֮ͻȻһҺǼս
ͬʱһɿֲѹɢȥ߻һ
ȻǼˡ
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⻰ʱһԭѷǵУ֪˽ʲô֣һȥһ
ҵ֣֪ġȥؾݷһˣ˵ѩСҲ޵ͷͽҰɣҸȥˡ
ǵһֲΥ־档
ǾȻȥؾݷã˲òƮѩһһλߡ


946 ô
뵽Щ˵ʲô˼Ȼѩһݾϲ޾ͽˡ
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ظվƺضںϵһ顣
ָоֻ⾳ǿϸӦñƮѩϵ֮һ⾳׵Ĵ峤ɾλ峤ƺظȣƶǲʮǧ
ʱֻ֣һ˾ʵǷɴĴ˵ǻ羳ҲͲΪˡ
λˣ޽ˡ
ĵ˱ᣬ޽ڲٿԡ
ظ˵ͷܺãʲô֣ʱҼҴ˻ΪƮѩǰԼġ
ȻϷظҲڷܵ
̫лˣҽΤɪ˹
ŶҼˡ
ظ˵ͷȴǶȻһȻǿߵԴ
ߵ۾ɵϴȫţ⻭ת̫죬Ȼôˡ
ѵոշɴǸ˵Ļȫƭġ
뵽ЩĿ
ڵȴĶޣȻоճճģͷͿ˻µ塣
ܾôϲ㣬סˡظ˿ޣ¶һЦݡ
ллл˵꣬۾һ˹ȥ
ظֻðѶ޴˷ɴ档
ǻǶҽģֻǼһ£֪޵ƺء
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ʱҲ޼һ츳
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ԺǰһҡһǼʺСȵôоЩ˷ء
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뵽һͷ
ԺҺ֣Ȼǵ棬·ɵĺ졣С˷ܵĸָָ֪ˣһѧԺĺ治֪ѧԺλѧ
ǸѧԺģҵСķµĴǿߣ˦ǡȴǼæȻѾںһǧңǱҪôǸ
ڶǼʺ档
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ӣӣͱǲóһΧȦķɴ˭ҲӲޱȣͬʱӵĻλڸְҵǼʺ֪ʶĺˡ
ǵķɴ棬Щԡ
ԺҲһҷɴǵסǵȥ·
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ãҲһҺҲУǱΧˡ
һѪ³ڵĺôˣǰ壬һһҪҪô
Ժô죬ҪҪ򣿡ȴЩ˷ܡ
ȱţε˵
ʱ洫Ϥ
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⻰Ǹо˶ˡ
ô
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ЩôôǵӰӡֹţԾĳ˳ǣƺѾһС
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ۣ
˶ˣġ
ô븺翹ҿǻˡ˻֣ʮսͬʱǵķɴ
ʲôǼʺ˭̳ģһһ׵ġظƺô£Ц
ȿȡǼװ˼ݲȥˣ͸ɴ˳ȥǵô
Ϥ˶һ
ҲǱˡ
㣬ô
ţʣʦ֮еյƾȻٴγˡ
ȿȣҡ
治֪˵ʲôƭһǧңҪҪ


947 ʦ˵úã
ظ˿ǣǳ˺档
ʱεһҵѧҿһǼʺͦ׵ģʹһǵ򺣵ľ顣ǿЧͦģڰԴӳˡ
ظ󺹣
˲
գ
Сȴ˷ܣ
ѧԺԺ𣬻Զ򿪣Ȼһô١
ǵķɴһţܿʹʮ˽ʮϴǿγ̵ļһ
ǿǣѣᶼˡ

ǸԼǱ˼ծô֮ǰֲûй
Ƕпóʱȴֻ͵سǾһиߺʦã
ĺ״Ҳͬ
ˣǲﲻԣô𾴣ʦˣ治ҪǮô
ҿһֱء
ǳ˼һµʵѰû˽ǮǹŲ
񣬲ʦҲһ̸ֱҵĶʵǱˣ̸ҵ֪ʶѾѲñʮӵǼսʮңǼսңֵһǧˣĹΧĺ塣ʦ̫ˣƣƺ갡ʱ䣬˭뵽ǲñܷչֹģ˵Ժ
ôţôԼǲš
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ʦٴһ⣬̺ĺŷչƻˣʦĹں·ɵ¼ûнֵ꣬Ƕ·ǰγΪġ΢˵Ǻ·ɵĴ˵ٲȻΪŬķ
Ǻðɣǲ˲ڷ԰Ǽʺųڴһֱ˼·չȥñǼʺŵ׻ᷢչʲôĹģ᲻ᣬûпܳΪϵĺš
ֵǣãһʮӢ£ͳһ˵ųŹ˾;»չҲû˵ѡ
һҪչҪǿɴˣ߶ͨǮ򵽡ĿǰĽǵҵ񲻶ԺܱǼɴ棬๺վūпܵĻܹ⾳ūȻ֮УҲҪþ£ԴԼ
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һ㣬ҲҪһ㣬ĺԲֻ·١ҿĺʵһ־кˡʲôʱʲôǺǺ޴ڡʱ룬Ǻ֮Ҳк
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948 ϲǲǣ
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СȣǲŰǵϴθⷢչ滮ʱ򣬾ͷСȵ۾ЩԣСȶԳΪżȤ뵽ԼѧԺѧסˣ⼸춼ơ
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ΪʲôľҸ˵Щȫʵ֣ʵ֪Сȵ뷨
ҾһԡСȳ˼һ£˵ԺʱҲ˽֮е֪֮֯Ǽʺһֱչڣȴһ֯ûСЩūŶ磬Ǻϧ
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⻰ɫҲģûл֮ģҲһܳΪǿߵġ


949 ·
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֮ĺѧԺĽ𵤣ֻҪһת
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ȻնΪѧʱֱӿڷʵ䷴Ч
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950 ֮
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952 ǽ
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ˣʽʼϿΣ˵ţ˱֮ڡ
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953 1300
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ĿǰѧԺ֮УҲֻ֣ѧԺ󷨵ȼĸһ󷨣Ƕ󷨡
󷨣˽׶ε󷨵ȼ֣ǰ󷨿Աȵġ
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ʮ¯һһٶʮһСƾﵽһСƾļ£ÿһöСƽ棬ɼĵƣǰһֵµı֡
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955 ɵר
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֪ѧԺԺԸڿΣûɵЩš
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956 ԩ·խ
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˵ˣ滹ڣѵƹʲôġ
ǾҪ쭣ʱæ͵Ժʵԭġһɵ֮ͷһݣ˸֪ʲôȻҲͲṺһûĶڶСƾ𲽼۾Ǿʮң̫ˣģҲԸټʮңȥտҩˡִȥĶΪûһСҲǱ֮Զ֮ģǵƹҲУһǵòҩʦ˵Ͽɣ¶ȥҲؼġ
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˵ˣɵ֪ȲҲûʲôȨ֤ɵȷʵֹЧһֻɵʲôģƭӣ͵ЩҩĲࡣ
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ѡĵһҲҪһõĲϾŵҩĳɹʺҩԣѡĶѡã͸ýˡǻȵĻѡҪ¼棬һǲϵɫ¶ȡӲȡȣЩǺ׿ġñǲݣɫǲ΢ƣȻǴŵʱЩãʹҩʧٱħ涼û⣬ȴǱħܶȵ˰ٷ֮һ˵̺ʽ϶࡭
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ȫϵֱô΢΢һЦԺ֮кȻһƻҲƹɵҪһˣʲôʱʼôʲôҪ󣿡
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ЩǣظҲҵʱѧϰΪǵΪﵽɾ磬ȴǽǿΪһξȻƳʮСƾ
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֮ڣһҲȥСƾҲˡСƾˣҲǳںģûá˪̲סݸεƹܹɹԺǿԴ򿪾棬Ӷ춨ϵҵ
˵ʦ˵о̵츳ҿ˼ƺҲѧԺĲҵȻܻᵢѧϰɣҲˣڣΪߵ͵ҲνϲԺѧԺĲҵһ飬ҿԽ㡣ǳ˼һ£һҪľ
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Ҷ
˪̲סЦˡ
ԱߵСèŮ֪ڴʲôգ˶˵ĻҲСèŮУһ۾Ϳһˡ뵽˿˪֪Ӧϰˣʱֹ˺ܶ࣬ҲסϰĴȣܸǵ㹤ʡ
һе飬ȻȥˡԺѧԺ֮еĲҵͽ㸺ˣʲôģʦḨġĶӵɣ˪СèŮŰǾú˼
ǣҩʦ˷ֻ֮С
ʮһεҩʦˣҩʦһܴ飬ÿһÿСϵ˲μˡεҩʦˣһ漰ٸСϵģҲǲСˡ컷СϵĿˣǼеó֮ǣҲǡ
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˹εҩʦˣȫ㸺ãһصϣ˵èزСèŮŰҲϲȡ
ģġ˹֪ǰļϵҩʦ˳ˣȻǹĺܣؼǼ⾳һ׵ΪһĽҩʦʲôѹһͷ⣬̫ˣҩʦ˶ǰ;
Ǿͺáĵ˵Ȼ˳һԵĦ»ӣĵôҲʲô߻ʵĶӡ˵ҩ츳ѾƶƷҩˡúñ֣ȷôһ˾ټġ
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һǣҪȥתתҲú׼һ¡˵ţ뿪ҩʦ˷ֻᣬټ
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һֱóʲô֮Աǣʲôǣʲôó֮ǣһԵ֮أ޷ϵȡ˼ҩӣҩǳ˲мЩҩ̫ˡ
ףȻиСèŮ·ɵר꣬ſڵİŰ̧ͷʱסˣʲôɵרֵ꣬úܡ
èŮ֮У˲Ǻܶ࣬èŮҲͳΣèŮΪūҲèŮɢϵһͬˣԼ˵һܿĵ顣
СèŮʲô֣ʵ
ҲèŮġŰֱԼһģһʱ˷
ǵģҽм΢΢һЦ
ҽаŰŰæ㣬ҺþûǼͬˣ̫˸ˡ
Ҳǡǹúô
ǺܺãڻԡŰ˵ţսĶϰҵôϰɵǮ࣬ÿ¸ҷһҵĹʲ˵סˣϰ˵Ժɵˣʱ򻹸𣬱ȹʶߡ
ôϰ˼̲סЦԼͬ˹ĲҲûɵĸ
ϰ˲ģɵȥҵĹ̵꣬ڵˣ˵Ҳ͵ˡŰЩĵʱҪȥҹˡ
ŶܸܲҿʲôɵЩ˿ɵȫҩǰҩɣҩɵҩӡ
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961 ҩ
˵ţֱӴʢСƾĲƿӡ
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ŶŰЩʧҾϰԲƭӣɵ϶һûгֹҩˣϰѾѧμҩʦˣɵҩʦ˵ʱʣ϶ͺˡ
ô̲סݸϰȷܲôΪ˵ûɣɵһţ֧һϰˡ
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СèŮ̲סһЦİɣһλҩʦɵ͵ǻȥоˡ
ôǺðɡɵɲˣɵֽСƾտҩͬҩЧŵڼƷЧõģһҪһٰʮҡֻоĻҽֻ֣Ҫʮҡ
˵۸ʱ򣬰ŰԵЩ˼
ϾһտҩҲֻҪһҵļ۸񣬶Сƾͼ۸Ҫʮһš
΢΢һЦƷҩʦȱǮȻоǾõоϰôߵļǮ˵Դʹ
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Ǻðɣ͸㡣룬óһҩԼƵģտҩ
տҩСèŮϳˣڸڵļ濴ã̫ˣֻԭ׵ΪҲòҡϰ˵ˣԺֻҪŬҪԴάҵġ
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ţиһɵŰЩ˷ܵȥһСƾ춥ķˣҲ룬ϰѵ̿ĸá
ʶġ˪΢΢һЦ
Ű˪ƺϰһôԴ
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ֲôֺˣҩʦˣǼߣ֪᲻컷Сϵѡ񼸸õҩʦӡܱټҩʦˣԺǰ;һʿЩģһҩʦһҲȥμӿˡ
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ҩͨ飬ʶԣűҩԼѰҩϵҩʦǵĺû顣
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ȣҲڣûкܹԣ
ҩȵԴȴǲôᣬ䲻һצץʢСƾĲƿ
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962 ҩʦ˿ʼ
˽ҩȵģһֻзһЩرߵȵҩ߸ߵȵҩʱŻ¶ּ͵ӡʲôɵƿӶûд򿪣ֻ͸϶ɢȥһζôȵȤһһҪɵӡѵʲôСƾһּܸߵҩ
Ļĵ˵ͷ
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ȵͷοɵʵ̫Ź֣оȷ϶ûлһ򼸿ų
Щʧ˵һߣƺЩί
΢΢ЩΣɵӵĺˡ
ӰһѾԼķ䣬ȻóЩҩʦרõĶ
һСƾĳɷ֣ԼԭҪСҩʦ˵ؾ֮УЩǱ޵Ŀγ̣ΪصĶ󣬳ɼһֱܲһĻһûмҩܷ˾Ųʮ
ֻСƾĵһ⡣
Сƾۣһһ˺ܴȻȡһɷ֡
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ʵɵߵĽ֮ͬɵв̾ᣬõҩۣҩҲ𻵡һߵ壬ɵ֮еȴѸٵڵȻ˲䱬ҩԣӶһٴﵽõЧ
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ΪĴݻСƾ֮е󷨣СƾҲ˲һŷĩ
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ˣƺߵ𣬾һҺ̬һǹ̬ѡ
ҡҡͷоԼЩˡ
ѧ֪ʶ޷ص󣬵Ѿ϶һʵɵĲƭ˵ģȻȷҩͬĹЧ
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ʵҩȻ֮ͬϾһϵͳģûѧеԭӵ漶츳ˣȻǲܵġ
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ˣҩʦ˾Ҫʼˡһʿ
֪ˡӦһЩͷ͵߳˷䣬ȻҲʲôԭҩʦˣǸɵרϰѧҪμӣʱֻҪ۲һƷһжһĿȻˡ
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ҩʦ˵ĿѾһǧߡ
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ѧԺļλʦѧѾͨҩ˻᳡
ȻϰٸСϵĿˣֻҪ㿪컷СϵȻձҵܹۿĿˣͬ뿴˵ĿҲһ
Ħ»ӣ쿴Ħ»Ѿλˡ
Ħ»ѾƶƷҩ˴ο˶Сһ
ǸڶҲܲ컷Сϵǵҩţ˵ҲƶƷҩˡ
ұȽϿǸ¼άտҩһ֣ʮҩҩ꣬ҪľƵտҩ
컷Сϵţгһ
֮ϣһƽ̨Ȼ֣Ǹƽ̨棬ĸˣһǼһһǸ˹һȴ컷СϵҩŮϰ尲ͬʱһλƷҩʦ֪ȺܸߣҲܾȨ
һҩʦˣƺһЩ
š˵ͷһʮμӵĿֻһһǧˣοǧˣƺҲһЩ
ˣ鷳һ¿˵Ĺɣ˿ʱ䣬ȴǵ
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˵ǹʵûм
һǿʹõĲϣҩʦṩƵҩҲҪҩʦˡֻЩӵǣʧܣȴҪг⸶ϷáڶжһҩʦˮƽҪƳҩҪҩĳɹʣҲ˵һβҪƵĶ࣬ɹҲҪ߲С
ĻмҩעģǲôҪ
ʱƽ̨ϵ˹ȴ۾һҵˣǾȻμҩʦˣôǡ
ĵ뿪λҵһˣ˹Ը˼䣬¶Цݡ
˹Ŀ⿴ȥվԼĿ̨·ȴ˿Цá
ֻӡһд֣һɵרϯʦ


963 Ǹ
ðɣʵ·ȫ˪Ƶġ
Ȼ˵εҩʦˣΪ˴쵤ҩǾҪصƹɵ
վܡ
ٵҩʦ죬˿̶Ħȭƣʮ㡣
ʵϴҲ֪Ȼÿζҩʦҩʦ˵Ĺٷ֤ܱҩʦѡеȴ޼ʱһСϵҲˣãһ˶ûСҩʦˣȫǱȱĵԭ
ûʲôʣʽʼ鿼ǱйԱÿҩϡ
ÿ˶ʮֲϣտҩ
ϵĿֻտҩģǾԼǿϡ
һ͵ԼǰĲϣֻܹƳСƾģҪƾſСƾȻ
ɵأݲϣһ㹻ƾſСƾˡ
ֶͨԱȣѾףʵҩܳòϡ
ƽ̨棬˶Լˣһ16555˲μҩʦˣո6324ӲϡӲĦ»ӣ˾ŷݲϡŵİ¼άҲ˰˷ݲϡ
ͷΪҩʦһʮտҩѾ˲ʵĻѾܽΪƷҩʦˡ
Ծ˿˹һѧһγɹʮտҩҩڣɹð˸ԭͻƷ쾳Ҿϵҩʦ˾ټ
˹һ⻰ϲʤ˷ģĦʵ
ʱ컷СϵҪһҩʦĺˣϲˣ˹
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ЩҩʦѾѡõģӦûж⣬ǿȻҪԲϽм顣
οˣп߻׶ʣΪǵѡˮƽܳҩЭЩҩʦû
ȴǰǵ˪ĽΪĻ⣬˵ĹעһҪߵ
ôܸߵڼϽ׶ΣëõָһЩϵ⣬ע⡣
˵ˣĸ顣
ǵЩȻҪϸļϣȻһẰ˸ˣȴ˵һñΪ£ʱϳȥǺܿܵġ
ף
ץסһħɫ͵һ䣺ұֻҵС⣬û뵽Щҩ棬ȻشûмǴĻӦǱȽħĻħȻ߸Զһ޶֣Ϣȴǲܴ󡣶ӵŻϵ츳ʶ𲻳ȻжϵĲдֻЩˣħħļ۸ҪʮֹûħħⲻԲôֲǻħտҩЧãΪʹ˻ħΪħеƽӦʧܣֱ¯Ŀܡ
Ժ֣֮ҲһЩ룬ڹ
뵽¶˼֮ɫóᣬԺúõ֣ɾ
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ʱ򣬸һƬҩʦ͵һѵˡ
ܣԲܣһЩĻûֻħħ
λߣʲô飿˹
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ǵģҾħ⡣һָʮ㣬⻰ȴִ²ĸоֽžȻıˡ
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飬Χۿ˵ˣԾİ߾£ϡ
һʱ֮䣬ȻĿĸо
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964 Ǽٵģֱӳ
˹ԽԽòԣǵǸλþ˵ĵط֮£æˣԵȣȥ
Ϊܸˣ˹˵ûκ⣬ڼ飬ȻԵú޵
һ˹Ҳ֪ǲǿʲôҩʦṩĲϣѾûɹˡڲٹۿ˵˶ע⵽飬Ǵ˵ɼӵӰ졣ΪߣȻԴһȥ
˹֪Ҫ㡣
ǼĻǾҲûеΥ
ǱߣΣȥרҵļʦȫ¶ˡϡΧѾ˿ʼˡϾıȷʵЩŹ֣ΪħģһʦҲǶѵ顣
ħģ㰮͹ˡѾЩ첱Ӵˣȵ
ħǼٵô˵ƽĺܣʲôЩϷӡ
Ǽٵģֱӳˡѿھǵ˶Ŀɿڴħ֪ʲôֱӳˣСС
ô΢΢һЦħȻԲ쾳ߣҲܰѶԷոá
ô£ʱһҩʦͶ˺Ŀ⡣
ˡ˾˿Ǵ˴컷Сϵҩʦ˵ļߣȻˡ
ĽҩʦǿߵǸҩôʲôҩҩ޵ıӡָָȣҩޣҩʦǵĺû顣
ֹǿԱߵǸŮôǲǰҩŮϰ尲˵һصҩʦ壬һλƷҩʦŰЩݡ
Ϊĵ˹֮ɫͺѿȻˣŵ鱩¶ˡ
˹ȴǰһеǰˡ
·ͨ·µɵרϰѧ
뵽ԼоһϵʲôɵЩƣȻ˵ĶǼ˹ҵһҪƵĹ֮Уʲôɵܡ
ˣ¡ѯʣȴȿڣǱҲڴ˹ѯ˹ô졣
˹϶˺Ҳż
£ϾĿƺѯǲô¡
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ҩʦṩĲ⣬Ƕûгֹˡ΢΢ҡͷȻˣԸһ¡
ˣôͷ˹ȴһǰһ鷳ӡ
Ҿáü˹ٵҲΪˡ
ɾʱһԺ

һŮ˵һ仰û˵ͱˣԾľͳ˳Ͱ
жϳǸŮˡ
ǺðɣȻ֪˭ģȻԷûж⡣
λԵȡ˹װģȥһħϻ˼ӣȻģħûκε⡣
ȻˡһЦһﻹ۾˵Ϲ
ģ֪ġ
ǰҩʦô
һͻứȡ裬һҪȡĿʸ񡣡
ҩʦԼۿ˵ˣ׷׳
ŶôʱһɵȴǴ˳ǼȻԱߵİôħЩء
⻰˹һ֪Ҫ군ˣɻ첻ȥ
ҩģҩĲЩС˵һЩҩϣֻǸӦһ£ȷ١ħȴûиӦϤϢӦһֲϵϢ˵ţͬʱҡţˣȻˣֻҵһ²⣬Ҳ֪ǶǴԱߵӦҩˣҩ޼ϵҪҪǿöࡣԲüҩһţҲдˡ
⻰ͷ
ȣȥ˵һҩȾ͹ȥˡ
ҩͨӼϣʵȴζһָĶ˵Ϣ
ϸ˼£ͻص˼ߡ
һԵ˹˿Ѿɫ԰ף֪Լ϶Ǳ¶ˡ


965 б
ͷȵߣʲô΢΢˵ͷ
˴˿̶ǿżڴĻش
Ҳһ
˹һĴ󺹣ͬʱϵشǰ¶ζܰ
ħȷ⡣˵ŵʱ򣬲ԾĿ˿ЩţħǼٵģƾԼƷҩʦֱʲô˵ģһּϵѾǳ˺ܶˡ
ʲô
⣿
ôܣҩʦṩĲϻмٵġ
۷׷ףǵ۶ЩˣȻǿ񶼲һˣһƺ
⻰֪Լ϶군ˡ
ҩʦ˵ʱôʧҲȲֻϣ˹ܰԼӦĶ
ħʵһħ˵ţóһֵ֧ĹʣϵҩʦЭ̽ΪħħԲͬͨ̽ʾĹâǲһġħֵɫħΪɫ
˵ţ̽һգȻͿħ淴˵ɫĹâ
ǻħı־
ħħǼƣѱټϻħļ۸ҪħʮҲûĸϰûħ䵱ħγʧҩʦ˻ϲӦĲϹӦ̣һ˵ţʵ߶ϵҩʦҲʲô£Ͼҩʦ˵ĺĲҲҡҩʦ˵ĸ
ͷ
ǰҲֹ飬ǰԴγãη˶ѡ
ҩʦ˴̬ȣһᶼǷһ鵽ףȴΪ֮Ϻá
ʲô֣ʱ˰ϾҪ˵㻰ΪֱӸˣһҪ
ҩʦ˶Ʒҩʦ˵֪Լĳͷˡ
ţԺˡ˵ţߵݣȫȨֱӰѰҩʦˡҩʦ൱һ˾ǺȨֱ֣ǿˣҲʲô¼
ˣٸһλɡ̿ޱȣʵѾʶ˻ֻֽЩİˡ
ϳȥüͷһ壬һɱɱð
ߡ˹ʱȵ°
ǣǡ¼Ϊֱɱ˹ɲһΪǵĵͷߣŪס
šǲո˵Ļ
ʲôЩã
ˡָǿħʯ
㡭ĵһȷʵ˵ҪǼٵģ͸ˣδ仰¶ѡҪ֪ǿǻħĳˣħͷŵմʱǲᣬǻָȴǼ鷳һѵҲǺġ
˴˿̶𾪵ĿѾҪˡ
ģҩʦ˵Ļ᳡ǰҩʦˣҲҩʦ˵ˡ
ʲôң˵Ҫ㻰䣬ɲ˿Ŀ
һȴתߣô˵Ҳ㣬ѵǿҲɡ
ߣŶûСӰһֱץסҩ̨ϵĻħȻ˲˰ߣһֻס˰ͣһֱֻӰѻħ˽ȥǷ쾳˽׵ΪĶ֣ӦûзӦ͸оһȣʲôĶӡ
˴˿̶±ˣĿ֮£ʵ̫бˡ
ǿΪ˻ħȫͨ죬ҪһﻹҽвͣԳž޴ʹ࣬˶̲סĵ׷
ˣôμӿˣһҪȡʸ񡣡˹ʱҲֶθסˡ
ܺԼɣոħô£
ңΪάҩʦ˵ġ˹æھԳ֣˵ԼҲûмҲûš
죬Ѱȥ˼˵ţ˹
ȥϾĿ˹Ǹһ˿Ц巢ʲô飬ѾˣżҲġ
ˣ˼һЦǴһԲ
ŽɢȥȺ֪˿̿϶˫۾Լ
飬עӦúܳɹɣš
ҲЩǿθСˣĸ顣


966 ɵ˰ɣûɣ
˻صƽ̨ǱߵʽҲͿʼˡ
Ϊ˸ոյĲ¼ۿ˵ˣעͶŵ컷Сϵȷе˵ǷŵϡǾһ˲ţӣϾʹκεֱܷħħɲʲô˶ġЩ˹עջҪһҩˮƽǲյľ
ҩҲʱƵģڹ涨ʱ֮겻ҩҲʧܡ
ҩʦ˸տҩʱСʱȷ֮󣬼ʱҲͿʼˡ
˿ԱߣһҩʦóһѵеĶʮƽҩ̨ŲˡЩҩҪеᴿϵģе˵ģеܽģ廨ţǲúü䣬׸졣
ʵҲˣҩѾγһϵͳ̣һҩһʲôڶʲôԼÿһôϸ涨ģһͿܵǰҪûôϸ񡣲ȻڲϣûôӣȴҪ󼫸ߣñΪ棬Ԫ߾Ƿ죬ҲƳɵ㹻츳ǲˣȴƳտҩ
ٹעˣ˿̶֡
⿼˶ʼˣզ֣ûп˶ֶô
ֻ֪ǲڷء
ҪҩǸһҩ̨ʲôѵ
Ųôָָҩ̨ɴֱѯʱ°Źһλˡ
ŲߣԷãǲҩܶ࣬涼Ų£
һĻԽǸ߼ҩʦҩҪԽ࣬ܶ඼
ѵ˵һλţƵҩʦ뵽ոյţ֮λҲˡ
ãԵȡλ뵽ոհ³˰ҩ̨ˣϾҲΥ涨Ҫҩ̨ȥȡ
ˡҡҡͷø˺ܲ⣬ѵ㻹Դҩ̨ɡ
ۿ˵ˣ˿̶۷׷ס
ֱӻҩʦṩҩ̨Ȼһλרҵҩʦ
ǰɼħħѾµˡ
εҩʦˣҪɱһƥˡ
ʱֻȻŵϥһ
ôɴˣһ㶼ˮۿ˵ˣ˲±ˡ˵õҩôһԲ˵ϣû˵ĸҩʦҩġٸոΪҡźˣ˿̶ϳ鴤㲻úõҩⲻǴǵô
⡭ԱߵĸҲˣɶ˼ѵҩˮƽ̫ߣҪϢһ᲻ɡ
ʼˣ˶ˣֻӣɶûУʼʲôë
ɲЩһһ㶦ˡ
㶦ڻĹŶǰһ֮ɫ
ɶ⣿
һȺΧ۵̲ס̲ס˲Լ۾ȫ㲻
̫𣬳
һ죬һŻϣȻ뵽ĵ档
̫ȼգ˶ܸо̡
˭ܸңڸɶѾ̲ס˳ַʽҩ治ЦôҲһãҩ˭Ϲ㡣ʲôȱΪ־ٶ˲֪ٵӿ컷СϵֱֳÿһҩʦһλھǸȴǰŸɺá˺ˡ
ɵ˰ɣûɣȴǰֱӷһ
ƽ̨档
ˣҩʦȡʸ񣬱ȡʸ񡣡˹㣬ȫʱȡҩʸ񣬾ûκġ
ֻܿžǣôʲô˵һ䣬˹ܲͷۿܷɵˣܱ˹ˡʵڴ֮ͥ£ô˹Ͱ˹Ҳϳҩʦˡ
ǣǣˡ˹ʤһһ죬ŭҲûκΰ취Լֻбȵķݡ
Ǳ߿ɲЩŵȼ̫ʼŵӲˡ
һֲϽȥֲڻˡ
ڶֲϽȥڻˡ
˲ϵӲϣȫɣΧ۵ȴԽԽãȻ
Ҫҩֱ㱼Եúܻҩܸһôƽ̨ϵļǳ˻ɡֻܵһ뷨Ǿ鵽׹ǲǾֻܵҩʱټӰѾˡ


967 ǼӲ
ֻ֪˿ѾΪҩʦ˵Ļ᳡ϣǿǡ
ƣᴿĲ࣬͸ҩˡ
ʩչҩַ˭ܿö
翴Ŵһ㿴μҩʦ˵ģģ֡
ǡ⡣Ҳڹע˿ʵ̲סˣֱӹЦҩҩĻ̣֪ģôڸɵ飬ûһҩдߵģȫϹ㡣
ЩࡣΣܿģŰܸнҩ꣬ΪרְҩʦôңҿҩȻһô޴顣
ѵɵƳģãΪ֪ɵ飬ҩʦˣעı˸һֱڣòһ飬Ǿȫһһ췽ҹ̷һ㡣
ãΪ˼ķû˸ҴȻ˰ȥˡ
ҩ֮ڵˡ
ʱ䣬ҲŹȥСʱЩҩʦƺŸոһ룬ȫûȡʱһŨŨԺȻԱЩۿ˵ˣ޲ȥϹ㣬զԺˣûһ߳ġ
ɲ֪Щרڣɲһ˿һ
ȫע֮£һſŵСƾˣþſţƻķֺ
ؿһſŵСƾ棬ǳǳĵƣɷǺÿǸҩķּ棬ҲԻֵƷˣóȥ۸Ҫһʮҡ
յ
óŸƿһӣſСƾͷֱ䵽˾Ÿƿ档
ˣԱߵĸЩɵʵ
ȻǼӲƨվ˿ʱ䣬ҲĸСʱôСʱ˲ǽ
һĳ鴤ҪҲǼӲҩʦͶԾˡ
ˣ˵ˣڿԽҩôڵٲȻҪ飬˵ģһҩǿ϶Χۣʱ򿴵СƾҩЧģСƾ˲ܻһͿ
ԡȴ˵ţĻ룬˻ڿˣҩĻӰ쵽ǡһ㶼ڹ涨Ŀʱͳһҩ
ˡЩʧٹעˣ˿ֻһ뷨㻹ҩզ˼ˣզء
ϣһſϤɵսƿҲջĿ⣬Ժֻһ뷨ԭɵƵġⲻʶ٣ⷽǵһγǰ
ĵţľſɵ̨ϣҪϹ˵۾
ʱ򣬲ҲĿ˻ȻֻʱģҩڣǲͷϷʱſֵȫ
ʱȥҲϡ
ˣĦ»Ѿҩʮտҩʱ롣һ
ţĦҲǷӳˮƽˡ˹Щ⣬һǷӡ
أѯʡ
¼άڶĦ»ʱ࣬¼άӵĲϣһʮһݣȴֻƳŷտҩڶȴ෴߷ݲϣȴˡ˷տҩ˵ʱԼе㲻š
߷ݲϣô˰˷ҩʱüͷÿ϶Ϣ
ǧȷڶ߷ݲ˰˷ҩҧΪʵڲ˼飬Լ
ⲻ֣ʵṩҩϣ˵һһݵտҩʵ϶ӯġ˵ĻڶԲϵ㹻ߣƳ˷տҩȫпܵġ˵ţʵƣ߷ݲ϶ʮݵտҩ
ȷʵģǰҩһλҩʦ㡣ЦЦҲ֤ʵ㡣
ԭڨڨЩΡ
ҩˡ˼һ£ʧܵģ涨ʱûƳģ˳أȻǿʼҩ
ǡȥ
Сʱ˻һʣ5562ˣҩҲѾˡ
߰ɣһȥҩƲں档
һ·ҩĵطѾԴ
ô£Ϊʲô˹ɫһ䣬ҩˣⶼƳɹʲôЦȥȥ


968 һĻ
ȵһ¡ȴǰ˰֣һˣɵûЧҲ˺ءиᣬô˹ߡò˵Ů˵ĺǿ˭Ӷοһûκвļһ
ȻƳ˶Ҳҩʸġֱӣȫ˹
ǼˣƵԲĶҩ˹ЩʹļףˣҲǵһǣôͶʲôôչˣһٶıӻǹٵģѵʲôΪ֪Ĺϵ
ҩôüͷȷʵһ⣬Բʲôɵȷҩմϱߡ
˭˵ˣҩȴ˵ǣ˿ΪνҩôҺ̬ģҲճװģƳҩȻǹ̬ȴҪˮȵģⵤҩܽ⵽ˮʱȻҩˡ
⻰˹Ѫ
˵ôߴϣ˼ǾˮҩӣҪҩץһŵˮǲҲҩˡӵôƲŵ˵ǣĳǵСԼС
ſڴƻƣȫſڴƻơ˹ŭޱȣԼȫһåơ
ҩҩѣǰŲţǵúܣô˵Ҿҧɿڡ
˵ʵҲΪȫļƻǵļƻ֮Уⲻ׵AƻҲѹҲûָƻܳɹǽ͵˹ؼBƻˣ֮󣬿϶Ŀ⣬ʱֱӱֳһŲ˲ʶӣȻ̨רЩҩʧܵˣǷСƾȻɹͻƾ磬ʱԱ֮£Сƾ˲Ź֣ǵĵʱûԸҩжźˡ
ţǲҩԾ֪ˡֿʼ˶˹оۡ⻰ȴЩ±ƣô£㲻Ӧðôô˵ҩˣȫ۾˵ϹôҶݡ
Ĺ˭顣
ˣʼҩɣڵǻһգԱ߾Ըҩԭߣ֮вǿ궼δܳɹͻƵģѡ˭ѡʲôҩ󣬶κε顣
һҲǧ˳ɹտҩܹҩݡ
ǳȥԸҩˣˣò˵֮ȱƿߡһԭЩԭߴˣһտҩҪȥȫҡҩʦϵҩûгɹͻƣȫѵģͻˣҩʦҲֻȡĲϷѡ
ǧ˸ݺȡһƬ
Ҳѡ˾Ÿˡ
ʮӺ˶ѡˣЩѡеҩ󣬱ʲôĶС
ԵĦ»Ƶҩ̫ˡ
Եڶġ
Եǰ¼άġ
ҡΪʲôҪģ
ǰŸ˴˿̶һı׳˵һ
ƳҩӣⲻҪǵôǵΪʲôôٿ־ӣǸоܵһ˺
ҩʦԲ˰ɣһ֪ǼֻѪӣ˿Сѯ˸սˣǹϵǵĳˣҩʦ˿նûи
ӦóԲ룬ЩɵĻشҪȻ϶ɵûɶΣΪ֮ǰҲûм˷ùɵ˭֪᲻ˣŸ˶ŷ棬ȴǰŵĻˣʲôҩӳ˿Ҫˡ
ˣǡҪҩԱߵһͷ˿̸ߺʱ˫Ŀⶼۼϣҩ˻ˣǴ˲ͻˣҲܾˡ
ǰǼҩΥԼô⡣Ӧ
̫ΣˣɶʱҩĺҲΪ˸Σҵ̲סúЦ
Ÿ˾ģת۾а˸ĵҩһȺΣ˶̲סЦһĻһĻ
˿̶֪˵ʲôˣⲻǴôǰԲԣ˵ƵĶûΣգУΪߣ֮⣬ԺҲʲôϢˡҲѡˣ˭ԸƵĵҩģֱӹ


969 濴Ч
˾ĿҲС
ʱٴĵ˵ͷ˼ǿ԰˵ִС
ˣ˭ԸѯʵֻеҩѸٵĺˣת۾γһƬյأȫη֮绢Ľడ˲涼ûԸҩҪ⡣ʱԸˡ
ԸһԡһЩɳƵѭȥһݹ᾵ˣģƺһܴ˳˶һƬȻ
ȥǸʮտҩûͻƵļһ
ҩ˭˭군
кϷˣǿ֪ô£Цˡ
˹̲ס˷ܣװƣ⣬ԸҩʲôҩͻȥɣʱðҲˣֱ㡣
ͰһۣЩ֪˵ʲôá
˼ʮݵտҩûͻƣ˵⣬˽ǷٶտҩҲͻƲˡԺ˵Ϊηտҩܶ˿ҩԣտҩЧֻԽԽ
Ǹʲô֣ʵϾǵһʾ֧ԼģԷֶ֪̫˼ҵˡ
˹˹
Ŷ֡޵ò˶̲סƲƲ죬ˣ㻹ǻô˲ԸѡƳĵҩΪɶԸˣ
ĺܺ棬ѵ˸˶Է
Ҳһ档
ûбѡϣҲûɶǮѾһտҩ˹˹һε˵ţĻû˵ͱˡ
ˣ㲻˵ˡ˲Ϊ̫ƹˤţΧĲ˶̲סЦиԸⳢⶫǻ𾪵ģһԭȫģһѵĽࡣ
˭˭ԸģͲˣô˾ûиƴҴģʧʧһͻƷ쾳ĻᣬһԾŵĻᣬǻڵʲô߹·ҪһΣҪٵʮꡣ
˲˲ôôʡ
濴Чңǻ̸ʲôȴò˶ĵһƺ仰˵ǵĵס
һ
һ
վ˳ˣҲǷ˲֪տҩûͻơ˺˹˹һΪͻƵ쾳ԲϧҹտҩǶļҪԶˡ
ܺá̲סƣô
ң
ҲԸԡ
ѾûǮٹһտҩˣΣգҲ˲ˡ
תۣ߾Ȼ´˾Ÿˡ
ŸˣͻƷ쾳ϴѵˣǸǷõտҩҲѱ֤ŸһͻƵ쾳ġ˹Цͼɣһһ˶ûͻƣˣôµ̨
Ȼ˵ҩѾȷǾͿʼҩɣ˵ţĿ⣬ƺû뿪ϣȷе˵û뿪ǾſСƾǲţʲôɵͻƾ硣
һȺҩߣʼ̷ÿƳҩ
ǰľλҩȴһı׳̳һ
ģðɣӦˡİοˣǼ⻰ӵĲˣˣǱ˲зʲôģҲܿӰ
ǱѾ˴ߴˣŸ֪ٵˣҧҧһڰСƾ̽˶ӡ
ʱѾʼעǾˣ׼üˡ
ʲôоԱߵһѯʵ
е𡣡˹˹Ϊܹעҩߣ˵˭ζզˣֻ仰˵˹˹Ȼһ죬оȫȼҪˣǡָо˭ҲҪңҡ
û˵꣬˹˹ֱӱ۾Աߵ±ˡ
ҪɶôһԲϾˣжɣ
Ǹţ˸СƾߣȻҲ¶һɫȻͬ۾״̬
ˣǺͨżŵʾһ˽ǵĿֳһ˷ܵҩʦˣһҲǧˣǾȻ¼
⻹֮ϲЦ൱ڸˣԺҲܳȥһˣɾʱǱߺȻһҩЩ棬ͻˡ˵Ŀ⿴ȥסˣססˣ⵽ǿʲôЦΪʲôͻˡ


970 ɵ𣬾ǰ
ϸǸͻƵˣͻϴѵ˹˹
ʵ˹˹ԼҲ±ưʲôҩӣ͸оһҩֱϾ˼ֻ״̬һоȫȣһɼǿտҩҩݺûзӦ쾳ƿͻˡ
Ƿ쾳˹˹ţоһ
ͻˣи˻˻Դϸ˹˹Ҳҩ֮еһùտҩûгɹͻƵ쾳ôõһǰȴûкúϧޱȵĽ˹˹
ǵģͻˡ˹˹о֮еı仯ʵ˿ᱼĸоѾϣˣ˭뵽ı仯ϵĳⶼܱĸм֮顣
Լȡġͷʵڲ֪˵ʲôá
˻ͻƣĺ䶯˲ȼ컷Сϵ
˹˹ͻˣһǷһֲ֪ʲôҩӣۿһĻ˭š
˹۾ɵϴԼһ⣬Լһ£Ϊ϶Ҫ군ôϮءɺϣһɺϣа˸ҩӵˣǿ϶ʧܵġԸȻҪˣȻһҩͻˡ
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˲Ҫ˵ţ˶̲ס˲㻹һôͦһģ˵ĶãЧԸܸܵġ
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˼飬̫˼ˡȻ֪ǰչʾɵԺɵԻػʱһ뷨в٣ǲԼͬסϵǵ֡
Ȼһ˻ԭͻˡ
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ⲻܣ˹ֱҪˣүɣ֡
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¼άǱߣѾͻƵ쾳һʧܡ
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󲿷Ѿҩˣ¼άǱߵĽѾˣŸҩߣ˸ɹͻƣһʧܡ
ڶǱߵĽҲˣ˸ҩߣɹͻƣʧܡ
ǱߵĽոճŸҩߣŸɹͻƣޡһʧܡ
һܹϢٹۿ˵ˣԿߵҩˮƽһ֪ǵҩ˻һ׹ĸоŸҩȫͻƣҪҪôôߵͻƳɹʣ֪ô
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Ħأ˹˼һ£ŴϢѯʵ
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971 ۻ
˹⻰򣬲ˤڵϡ
ʮҩʧɹ߸ⲻûзӳĦµʵҲﲻҪ
ˣ϶Ħ·ʧˣԣһġ˹æ˵˶Щˡ
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˵˹һ
ȷʵģ¼άڶԵø㡣˼һ£ҩʦ˲ˣǰҩԸƸΪҩʦ
ֲǰҩ꣬һҩʦ˾ټǡ˵ţĿˣڶ߷ݲϣƳ˷ҩԺǰ;ǲ¼άһܱȵϡˣĸҪǿĦ»ӡ
Ŷθںܴأ
Ļҩʦ˵ġ̾˿ԲҩǱнҩʦˣҲֻܸҩʦΪо󣬶֪μο˵ĿģΪʲôҩʦˣΪ˸ɵר棬ڿӦúܳɹ
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˻˵ʲôȻʹһ
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ϰģҪһʲôҩ裬ɵ
ԣɵ
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СƾãΪʲôҪСƾǲǻдƾ
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һȺ˶֪ɵô£˪ſʼʽСƾ۸滹ǰһڻǼ۵ʱ򡣶Сƾʱ½вɵרꡣֻǰʱ䣬СƾȻʹﵽһǧţ⻹ΪûҵɵרģȻߡ
ǶǮŰˣȻ̲ס˷ĻǴҲ쵽һȷĽ֮ǰĵ̻ᵹգʧҵǶôĿЦ
ڶ죬ǲɵ𱬵һ졣
һɵרǧСƾߴʮҡ
죬ɵۼ𱬣ȵڶ컹ֱǧٿţǴﵽʮҡ˼ϵһȥһǧţСƾ۶ѾﵽһҡôǮ涼ˡ
һңҾʻ˭
ⲻ֣˵ģҩʦΪҩʦѡҩ߿ɶǣЩûбѡУԼҩʦ˵ʱûͻƵģ϶취ͻƷ쾳ʱǶ֤ɵ棬ȻῼһɵԡǷôɵһҪﵽԺ󣬲Ż½Ȼ½Ҳ̫࣬Ϊ컷СϵһЩСϵҲв˼ʶɵ棬ſ϶Ľ
ҲԤϵģСƾ磬Ȼһٴﵽǧš


972 
ǵĹ۲죬һǧŵСƾҲɵרļޡ
ٶĹߣרΪͳصƣҲȥСƾ
ĿǰСƾҲֻţȥ⼸ȥģֻвˣһֱ޼ɵȥƲð£ɵר꽫޵ɲУǱ뱣֤ɵһȶȣ϶鷢Ҳֻһ취ˣ޹
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ȫû⣬ҩ㹻µʦˡ˪Դ˺Ͽɣҩ˵ʮʮΪóһʦҲ޿ɺǡ
죬һǧ˰ٿСƾһֱ˵ҩ°࣬Ŷӡ
Ҳ֤ǵĲ²⣬ɵרÿļҲǧҡ
죬صǧš
죬½ﵽǧٿš
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ҪСƾʵСƾˣӦöˣ䲢֡ǵͿʼ޹ɣһһǧٿҵСƾλʦѧƵģžǧţÿ޹һǧš
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ϢǶˡ
ȵʱ˵޹Сϵģ޹Ǹɶ˼˲ɡϣ˾ɵרſڿʼҪǸһЩ˵ΪߣǾۼһ鷳
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ףȻ޹ˡһŮӵŶӵ΢΢һ¶˲˼顣
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Ȼû˪ⰲŵģ˭֪ء
߰ɣҴȥϰ塣˪ǰ·ں棬ʵ⼸Ƕ꣬ȥģַ˲ٴСƾһ׶εᴿûйԽԽ棬ŪеԭҲʶԼĥô£̡
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973 ǽ
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Ҫ̼Ƽҩʦˡŷ͵Ľ͢ǼᶨΪ˵ǾԵǺȻ˾Ȼ˵ǶԵģˣԽԽɽ͢ѧ˵򷴿ĵز
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˼룬ͻỳҩҩ
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ԭô£ҩһĲ裬ƺ򵥿ݡˣܽʡϣƵĳɹҲߡҩЧҲҩҪõöࡣҪѧϰ󷨣ѧϰػǱҩ߶ˡ
ϸţﲻ϶ҩжԱȡ
һʮȥ˶Щģò˵ǽĶȫ߸ҩʶ
㿴õһӡ˪ż治֪˵ʲôˡ
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ʱ룬ȻӦܿҽЩҲֻƤëѧϰ֮ǵûҡ
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974 ɵ
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Щ˼룬ȥȻҪҩʦ˴һĽѾЩҩʦ˵ǲģֻΪܵ˵Ĺƻ󣬵ʱĽֿ֪
СƾˣѯʵԱվŵ˪
ĿǰһСƾ۶ﵽһǧҡ˪صȻһֱСƾСƾĿҲֻвˡҲһ飬СƾѾȶÿٿҡ
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һ취ˣǾ˴ҩ˪롣
⵹Ǻ뵽һȥˡǵ˵ͷҩܸߣֻҪóȥһźܶԸҩۡбȽϺʵô
ܶ࣬컷Сϵҩ궼ϵʾԸСƾۡ˪Լɸѡ󣬱ȽϺʵֻҡһǰҩ꣬һϵСϵҩ꣬Իɵ۵طȥΪǴɵһֱӪĵ̣λˣҲû˸Ҵǵ⡣һҩʦˣÿСϵҲе̣ҩʦ˺ǿƣǽǴøǵҪ߲١
ˣҩꡣǳ˼һ£Ѿ⣬˽ҩ꣬İһҩ壬ʵҲԡҪǣõһϢǸҩϰ尲ʵҲҩʦѧϰԺ˵ܴϵõһЩҪ鱨
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ĻǵĿԺ룬ȷǿɵǵ󣬡иҪ鱨һ鱨ôǾöǺҪϣۿٸǰҩһŻݣǲҪǾˡ
˼˵΢΢һЦҪ˵Ҫⰲ֪ŮҪô̫ɵҪôѾäĿƷˡ
֪Ħº˹ôҩʦ֮˹ְˣԭǶ֪Ħº˹ʦͽرˣĦ°Լڴľ˾˸˹뿪ǵʱ򣬽ɱǡ˵ţ뿴ǵķӦʧˣǸûһη壬ЩϷŰ֮ɫ


975 ľ
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Ĵԣ˵ɵר⾳ǿڿ⾳򣬶⾳ʵǿʵҲˣ֮Ƕʵ֪Ҳˣͬ⾳ǿߣҲǿΪǿ⾳һ׵߶ܻɱ⾳ϵߡ
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µһŵҩȸ㡣һӣһѵСƾˣΪʲôҪҲеۿ¾͵ϵͳ涨ʱ䣬ȻҪץȻ겻ʮСƾĴҲûˡ
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졣˵ͷȻǶȥ϶æɵƹ㹤ˡ
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ҲҪһʱˡ˵£ڽѧĵطҲһҡ
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ĸһܣгһֻдһ֣Դɷ26ǬһȼƷͨһ£һֻдԴɷ38ժƷͨϸЩţȻһֱ76
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Լ֮ǰԺڶĲһɷͨ
ΪͨǵĿǰΪֹbug
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˼һ£ֱƿСĿռ䣬Ĺǽ硣
С綼ѾΧŵڵĿռ䣬ͳһС硣
һ磬ҲһƻǾЩС򣬰ѵΪһųǣ⾳ΪǿƶһЩС
ռ¡
ڹǽ֮Уôʮռ¡
ΪԪħʮӣռ¡ӦõλԺգһ󣬿ȴ³
ѧԺԺռ¡Ѿ֪ǵݣô㶼ûˣڽǴңɱң
ҽ֮ѾŪԪħʵ˵ʵѾѾԪħˡˣԪħڻսжǣס㸸ʣҲûоǸǵˡǵ˵ţ˵ڶûκμֵ
㶯ְɣռ¡һĿɬһˡ


981 ˣͣ
ʱȴҡҡͷȻѾû˼ֵɱʵ̫˷ѣѾ㵽ڣꡣһѧԺƸκͬҴƸΪѧԺ⽻٣רŸԪħˣǩ֣ԺѧԺˡ
ռ¡ס棬ûмֵˣļֵեɡ
˵ʲôѧԺԪħ⽻٣⽻ٵã˵ͱʣӵԪħʮӣ˭֪ǻ᲻ʲô顣
ǿռ¡ȷʵռ¡ͼı졣
Ϊ취ոĹ򸽽СϵЩطȫĽ򣬶ԪħҲ֮һڰռ¡ոˣȫΪ׼ġ˵ģԺոЩСϵ֮󣬿϶ҪԼεǰȥռ¡ʱǷŵԪħĿܡ
ˣǩǲǩЦռ¡ȫǳԶ
һ˵ʲôֻǩˡռ¡ЦţдԼ֣ƸԱҲҪܵѧԺԼģһǩ֣뱳ѧԺɾûôˡ
ܺáһӾ͸ռ¡ɰˣЩҲܿˣȥúϢһ¡
šռ¡⻰жѣְյˡ
ǽҲûдڵıҪˡתͷૣʬȫҹ
ͨתЩ߶ηʬֱ塣
¯ȼܻ棬Щʬȥ֮Ѹٵı
ԲһʮСЩ뺣һ㱻뵤
ռ¡һԿĶɵˣʲôΪʲôһӾȻС
̫ˣþԼĸʶ
뵽ռ¡ǳη塣
ôʬǵΪֱӳ⾳۷壬⾳ĽѾֻһ֮ңոͻƵ⾳ףøЩȣ˿̿϶ͻˡȻΪûͻƣĳͼȴ˳˵ʮء
ʲôֻƾųͼ⾳׵һս
ٽԼΪɱ⾳׵߶׾١

³һȻȫǾ۶ɣԿգֱըΪһ
Ȼص򣡡
ƶǽ͵ںϣ˿̹ǽǲˡ
ڵΪǽƿ֮УֻҪѹǽƳȿռˡ
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ʱҲǳ˹ǽ磬ȴǽ뵽˹ǽ͵ڵĿռв֮С
Źǽ磬ȫǵһݡ
תͨ޵С
ǵǽ磬ƶǽͳŵ򲻶ϵؿ£ȥԿ͹ǽӵ㣬ֱӱһ޴Ŀռѿڡ
ǽ˳ϵһʱͷ˿е쳣
ΪǽͻȻֳռ˾޴Ŀ磬ľ׷۶ϣɳ졣
ʲôһ½Ҫײˡ
ҵ찡ô£׷ʲô
ǡС磬ãײˣҿܡ
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ϵѧԺЩС粻ǹô
ôһ½ضаôˣҪײ˵򣬶ڵײһ̫ƽ󡣡
ѧԺǱôûлظˡ
߷ƶǽͨѶȻˡ
ԺͣΪǽ͵ĿռںϣںϵһƬطﵽʮĴҲΪҪǣǽںϣط΢ĵЩطֻܻɽ󡣸ģХˡ
һҿĸô˰ɣ
ܻԵһЩӰ죬ӰҲֲ̫ˣͣĽࡣ
˺ѿռ䣬ǻص˵
Źǽ͵ںϵĵط̲ס¶֮ɫˡ
˿̾ǿںϣҲˡ
˵ӵһһֵסǽ磬ס˲ϳƬǽ½˶Ӱ
֪Щĸɵģ֪Щ˻ô롣
գ˲ЩεҲҪţҲҪ£ⲻ֣Ҳĩգƶǽ½ԴϣܳΪһŴǣǵĳƺš
󣬵ȴشÿһ˵Ķ档
Ļеĵ˶ǺǺˣһ½ҪҪô


982 ֧ɣ콱
ǲ֪仰˾޴Ӱ죬Ϊ̫࣬С͵ںϻӰ쵽ķչʱĻѧԺȡںϼƻ
˵仰ǵֱһƣӴĹǽٴû˿ռ֮С
ǵӰ֮ʧ
صѧԺ̲ס˲ҼʱͣȻ˵Ҫ˵ˡ
еţΪֹⳡƽ٣᲻Ĵݻٹǽ½
ټЩûõģһ£ڲӰ쵽½ںϣҪл羳ΪСĻ羳ΪС羳ѧԺ൱ɾˣ羳֮ϼֱ
µһ죬ǼԺ֮µûг֡
ǶԴԤϣϵͳ֮ǰҲ˵ѧԺв֮һСһСѧԺţǸһͿšԴˣǾ÷ãѧǰתƵʵ磬ʵѧǵķչ
ļ죬Ƿһ飬ϴ߶ǽ½ʱ򣬱գڸвƬ˲²ѧԺԺԴˣҲ֪˵ʲôã֪֪ɣҲûж塣
ʵСΧ֪ѧԺԺѾ٣Щ߲㡣
ֻû˸й¶ǵݶѣϾʵ̫Уõ඼֪ˣѧʦ˶ܰҸΧˮйͨ
һºܿȥһյǵϢ
ԺҪɵרѾ۳ʮСƾӰǰ
ã̲סЩ˷ܣֻס漴ɣҲзµĶ֤ѧԺ档
ǡӦһʧ
ϵͳ֮УǵӰ֡
һ֮۳ʮСƾӯǧң֧˰ɣѯʵεϵͳЩڴģ˭ϵͳء
ǵģѾˡϵͳϲһŰǼ￨ƣһ伮ش
ǵ˵ͷʼ鿴
ȵİǼ￨ƣһλɾʦѧԺܴ
Ƿסֻдţ

ԣɽ3
ʵ
ӵѧꡣ
ӵɷ糸׽硢ս
ӵꡣ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺɷʦ
ɽ磬ʵһܻҵ磬ħֿνȫءħ֮һԱ񽫣ʵǿ󣬺ųʲôһ񽫡ȻˣЩȫǸӣΪıӰȻҲʲô̹ſ죬Ů֮Ĵ˵μȴǲԶˡ
ϵͳ趨Ϊǹɽ۷սҲֹˡ
ӵеĵ糸׽Լսƺţƣؼǹɷ
Ȼϵͳ趨ΪΪҲǲ֮ǰĺӥɣȫǴ´ࡣ
ûмŻȡһɷǼ鿴
ϵͳⱾ伮Ϊһ飬õ֮ȷʵ־Ȼپ֮ࡣ
پϳơ
ݣ׵ϵͳרŸѧԺġ
ǰپ֪ʶȫգǾþʲôԽʥƷȼĺ鱦⡣
ȫپġһ飬Ҳ򵽾ĳ̶ȣӵ漶ԣƶҪ꣬ʱ䡣
Ͼһ㶼ס
ϸپ伮պãͼǱӡˢһЩư汾Ժ󷢸ȰѧǡһԺЩҪһЩ汾ѧԺĸСѧݼȫࡣ
һҲϵͳˡ
ĶǺֻܶ࣬ƺмֵ
һʮԼ飬ʹǿԼʮλʦУڻУ⡣
ڶʮ츳ƬҲ츳Ʒǵһγ֣ҲǺ˲ö츳ҩҪĶ࣬κ˶ʹãκξ綼ʹáϵͳ˵ʹõԽ࣬츳ߵԽ࣬Կʹ츳ƬԼ츳漶
츳Ƭֻһ뷨Ǿҡ
ڻѲ漶츳츳츳ƬһвܾͱΪ˿ܡ
ϵͳҲȷظǣ츳Ƭϡȱ֮ǱҪ츳ƬĶһ۸ĺܸ߲С
Ʒȴһʨӿװ˵˾һȺʨʵҲμǾԪʥµһȺǡ


983 ֮
һ߸ʨӣֱǻʨʨʨʨʨʨԼѩʨ
߸ʨӵΪЩǵԤϣʨԼѩʨȻȫΪ
ΪߵĻʨѾﵽļ
߸ʦǺ˷ܡ
Ȼ֣΢ѵȫѧԺγ̣һ꼶Ŀγ̿϶ûκε⡣
ٻˡ
ܴλʦϻȡĶҲ࣬ҪӦþǷսˡ
ֻоһȥǰѾǶ˰˸ˡ
ãתľΪԭΣȴľ죬߸ʨЩײġ֮м˸ǣҲûʲôе塣
Ǻͼ˼򵥵һ£Ͱǽ˳
ʱţת۾ȥ
ڼгԷȻоϵȻһͬʱоһɼĿռ䲨
˼
ǵʶ͸ռ䣬ֱӴ͸˵Ŀռ䣬Ȼ̽뵽һС֮С
ոһеԴͷС硣
ʹȣ
ǵʶȥĲݴ֮пһɪɪʮһСкСкԱߣȻһŮʹŮʹȴһľ͸ؿڣѪһأӦĲˡ
̲סЩȣûһΪСкôɱʹ
ϸСкоһɹ֮ʹеϢСкһʹûʹҲʹ֮
˼һ£ǸСкһ츳
һϢǰϵϵ츳
ǾˣСкȻźϵ츳⿪ʲôЦǼ˹
˿̣СкڴӺ֮л˹૵ոô£ҵ˫ôô貵Ĺâһ̣ҸоҵôҲɱ˲Уұ뿪ȻҪɱңǡ
ո˵оͳʮӰ
һ֧ʹӵˡ
ӣô£һʹһĻŭ㾹Ȼɱ˲ģѪ֡
ҪɱңҡҲ֪ôɱŻˣС԰ס
ȥͰɣץʹʹ˳ʹ֮ǳҷܾܿһкȥ
ǿſҡţȴȫûãתʹͰѳʵʵ϶ճӡӡ
ǵʶų׽ߣȴһ˿ʶϡ
ҪСǵһ˿ʶͺñյһëؼʱ򲻵ܾˣҲɱˡ
ôˣĸ׷ǵ쳣
һ츳ӣʹȵľӵſֲĹϵ츳΢΢һЦ裬ȳţȥʹȿһ¡
ȥɣ׻˻֣ϰ硣
һȥռԶһͨ
ٳ֣Ѿʹȡ
˻ʹȻȡһЩʹļ䣬ܿͰǸ˽Ĳˡ
˵鲢ӡ
ҮͻΪѧԺʦ֮󣬵ѧԺְµʹ֮ĶǼΡ
ͬʱݵСĹߣС֮еΣǻĵһƲ࣬Щ춼ǱΪʲôñȰԼʹǡΪһ죬Ȼž޴Ȩƺ͸
Ƿԣʹϣڶʮӡ
ڳȴЩһΪĸһࡣ
СĿţ뵽С磬ĸǵһʹȵĵˡʵʱൽСԽ𣬳ĸˡֻԽʧܣĸ״˱⣬Լɫ˷ԵǣΪʹ
ֻǿϧʹǱȻһ߰塣
Ǹһ࣬Ҳǻ˼ͳĸ׸ûʲô顣
ʵ֮󣬳ĸ취ԼУȻթһȣ˳ӸǣԼͻص˵Ѷ
Ϊ飬Ƕڳú񣬸ûйĹע
ųȴֳȻûʹ֮
ˣ˰ҥǵĺӣȫǱñӣϲ
Խӵ񳤹޲óֱ˲źãֱӵ³֮еĵλЩ۶硣
һʹڰʱ򣬶ҪԼĸ׸ȴһ⡣
Ǿȫһ裬˸߳óԼ
ʴӱʱѾ£Ϊһ֮ӡС˵뵽ԼĵطԼݵλǾǱǸԼ
ɴ˶


984 
֮УŮʹǵľ֮С
ʹϣɱ˲ѾӸץסˣڵȴ󡣡
Ǵʹǵ֮гͷ˻ԴӣŶϾ͹ȥ
ʹӦһˡ
ʱһԱߵŮʹ֣һͲĺӡ
⻰̲סɫһ䣬һƳ˹ȥͬʱŭұ죬ұ˳ЦĻǲǡ
ŮʹŻˣæ˵ġ
ǺһˣŮʹ̫ûɫԺҲõĳҡ

ڵϣڲ
֪ɱʹõʲôĳͷҪ˹ƶͲ
һû񡶹֮ӡĳһΪ֮ҲôˡԼڵ̫ˣûз
˵ɱһʹǳϣȲ濪һƳһ۳
ǲɱңһܵʲô˵ָʹǱȷΪԼ
ϣӺܻءʱԱߵһŮʹЦó֮һ˵Ļзһ³ӸûκΪָʹɱԲʹʵܻڡԣһǳ͵Ϯ˲пɱ
˵еźϺһʹվ˳
һͨôɱʹһ˸վ˳ⶼǴˣܿǲһֺķʱȻѡվӡ࣬Ҫôţһʹȴˣʵ
ġɫ԰ףΧûһΪ飬һһ˶һš
ˣʹķɴðɣǵ˵ţȻɵĸоάС
άǸʹ̷ʹԱոҲǼִ֧ó
˿վųʹķɣ巸ͬûʮ꣬ʹۺ㣬Ҹ賤ӵзʮ±̣Լɹ졣
ά˵ţ˶⡣
ĳͷˡ
˵ģʮ±̶һܳܵģҪ֪ɲһı̣޼ޣһȥʹԲʮȥʹҲҪСֻһͨˣԺ˵ȫʮ
һ˵Źʮӣǳθ߽ʹĵطʹɹ죬ҪΪʬοһͨˡ
ά˵ɣȴɱ˲¹ͷ
ǲ޹ġƴЩ֮ɫǸÿһۡάʱʾһ£ʹһȥͺݺݵˤ˵ϣԴκģҲ˵
ȥִб̡ά˻֡
⣬̵ϣֺֻֻŷֱ𱻳صţ˸޷ƶֺ
Ҫͷˣˡ
ǵλõܵˣԺһߡ
๼ǱʹǸ߹ģֵĸȡʹѪӦðĸץһ
ʹΪˡ
Χ˵Ļ۾Ѫ죬ȭͷҧá죬ϱһ
г⣺һҪЩʹͳͳҵĽ¡ҪΪ֮ӡ֮еǸҪΪ֮
бߣһصֱϵ̫ȥ
ʱǱߵҲʼˡ

ںţ˷쳣
ˡ
һ֪ʲôͻȻ֣˶оʹͬʱһҫ۵Ĺâ͸ʹȵС磬һ̷ţֻΧպȻ䰵ųԶʹȣһӽ뵽˺ҹ
Ψһŵ̷̷ֻϵĳӡ
ʹȵ̧ͷ죬ÿж¶˻֮̿ɫ⵽Ƿʲô
̵ĵάָų¶˾֮ɫ֮ԱߵĻһʹֱ֮ӳų˹ȥ
ŵάƴţֻһı
ǳʱҲˣʱֻϺȻһ˵ĹâһɵĹƴֱ֮̽ץסʹ֮Ƿ쳣ʹ֮ƣֱӷ飬սĵάûзӦͱƸ˳ȥ
ʱע⵽ϣ֪ʱƲ㷭


985 
졭ϣЩֵˣ̲סĺУ̲סա
ô£Ǵ˿Ҳ֮гˣоһɼǿ󣬼ֲֹʹȶȫˡ
ⲻʲôʹ˰ɣǸЩɫ԰ףʹŲ뷨
ôʹȣڵĸռ䣬ûյֵϢ͸˵ˡҲֻһûʲô˵ġ˵ţȴǺܲڵôǿڵıӻ֮£Ҳô׵ġ
Ʋ㷭ԽԽˣĢһֻ͸ʹâ
ҲԵ
ʮֻ֮ʲôƲ֮˳ǹ졣
˵۾ϴȻǶ
ǾȻһųɫʵӣȴǶһģӰ
ˣˣ
˿ˣ̲סʧ
֮ͻȻһӣ滹һˣʵ̫˼
Ҳһ˿ȥϡܿӣʲô
ﺦˣܸоͻȻֵ˺ǿпһͻʹȡ
˵ʲôʱϵ˿ˡ
ʹҪõӣҴˡѧԺѧԺʲôôǵ˵ţһУͳշȥЩʹȥȴǸá
ǣãܱߣܻǺ¡
нѧԺһ˲ɫ԰ףǣ
ѧԺԺûʲôġ
⡭⡭⻰ŵֱӹԺҸողôģҡ
ú˵ЩҲʹȵ顣ֻǳž˵츳ԺΪٮٮߣһʱգǵӣнѧԺ
⡭ˡǻð亹ʹȸող㴦˳ⳤ츳ԺȳѧɣΪϵǿߣһ仰ʹȻҷ
ˡҲţǧ㶼û㵽ȻϮ
ʲôҪôûеĻҴȥѧԺǵ˵ţʵȫ԰ﳤǣȫûбҪЩ黹ǽԼɡһǼ츳ĺӣʹԺҲõշ
ҡ˵ʲô˿ŵǵˣȻһģǵţ
ĻǷŴȥ˶ˡ
ȻҲ֪˵ǲһȺԺ˯þˡ
߰ɣһӣƲ㷭ųתʧƲ֮УҲָԭӡ
ʹһȺˣ˿ȴɥ
ѧԺСѧ
óԲԲѧȻѳ
źܲĹϵ츳ԺˡǶ˵
ȻǸӣһᾡġ⾳ʵ볤츳̳϶û⡣
ʦܶ£һ

˳ϵ츳ѧ֮ǵ2/5
ضԶ

µˡϰҩ֮һѶϢԺ
Ŷʲô磿ǷĶЩ棬ⶼпˣϵͳ㷢µ硣
ʮһ硣ϵͳ磬һһԼһԺר񡣡
ϵͳȻǺڴģϾɶнȡ
ʮһ磬ĿǰƺҲʺѧԺѧ
ϸЩ
ʮһ繥нѧΪȡеһλԭÿѧҪɱһͬȥѧֱʣһѧʱɱѧɫ̭󣬻ԭɫɱѧʱɱɫֱ̭ҪѧΥԭɫλѧΪ500ˡžǼ￨ƣʮԼ飬츳Ƭ
ǿֻݣϵͳһη
ԭеĽɫɾ飬໥ɱǶǶ£϶صģɱ˵ʱ¶ҲɫƺܿͻΪ˵Ŀꡣ


986 ѧ
ؼǣѧԺΪѧҲվЩ񲻿ܣҲֻɼĽɫ
Ͼݳ
϶ӦѧԺɣɶӦŵɣСҲɡ
ĽҲǿ÷ǳݡ
˵žǼ￨ƣɾʦҲ羳ʦ
ʮԼ飬ǾǿƸʮλʦΪߵ͡
츳ƬĶϵͳ֮ǰҲ˵츳Ƭϡб
ΪҲãΪѧõõҲãǾ˼ſר񣬸ЩЦãƺ˼
ֻרġ
ʮһԺרһǳΪͽҪ󣺰ǳɱԣΪɡʮԼ飬һɷһŰ깦ҩ裨Ժרã
ЩЦãǰƸʦ񣬿ξȻѧеĻǳϵͳȻ˵ˣǳ϶ΪѧǵɫֻѰǳܻԣѹɽ󰡡
˵ģԿ϶Ϊɡ
ǳأ
˼꣬ò׳Ϊ񣬹ؼԭ֮Уǵ󣬰ǳҲ򲻹԰
񣬾Բôô׵ģķϣҪóҵıС
һŰ깦ҩ裬עԺרãؿ϶ţƣõһҩ裬ʱΪ˵ľȥˡ
Ҳҵ飬ѧҲѾȲˣѧԺѧԺĽǶȷЩ񣬿϶Ҫϵͳֿǵ뷨ѧԺ˻ƣɱһѧöٻ֣ͬʱѧϵĶٻ֣һϵͳĹ
ѧԺĽҲǺܷģܻ󣬻õһ츳Ƭ
ѧˣΪֻ˿ԽȥҲʲô˶ȥġ
ѧԺҪ浤ΪûУǲҪȥˣȥҲ
񾳵ѧȥԵɺϣźܶ˶ͻƵɾ硣
磬̺ŴԵ
ΪǼǵĿͷǰǳȥīԨʦѧգȥˣոƨѧԸҵ飬Ҳǵһʱͽ硣
ѧôǿġ
ôһޱȳ㣬ϵһЩ޷ȡ
ֻĵǿ죬ôհǳΪͽȴûмƻá
ʵҲͻƵļհǳΪͽǴ´࣬һûīԨôûʲôݱѶûУ˼ƾɶѧϰ
ǳ˼֮󣬾ȸԼҸλ簲ҡ
Ϊһ磬ǷɿĴһɽϷɹ
һֱԽǧҵһطһԼɵɽ壬ƣɽһ޴ˮأ泤һЩ
ˡ
ǿ˿ΧԺܺʣֻҪ΢һһء
ôȴǱָռˡ
֣һ߾һǴɽ׾ûԭ֮гֹ־ȻɾΪҲѹռ
Ϊ磬ȫԳһˡ
Ǵ䵽ɽ֮ϣͬʱ˳ȥţԺ˷ˡ
߾ʹɽ׾ˮ˳˶׺ݵĿǡ
·ˣȻǿռǵĵ̣߾ŭأɲʧȥ
СӣҲ˭ĵ̡ɽ׾ߵãǽѵһ£
á߾˵ţʹɽ׾ǡ
ŵɵΪ֮ȷʵС
ǣ͸ǵùˡ
ֻ̽ȥֱֻһգͽץסǡ
ô£ôˣ
Ҳǣ
һʱ̿
㡭㣬ôܣ񣡡߾ˣʧ
۲ʶ̩ɽǴˣߣˡɽ׾ææġ
뿪ԺɽΪɽҪһѧ£ǾҴְɡ˵ŷǣʼﶯһĹˣɽҲѸٵı仯һСʱʱ䣬ɽȻȫӡ
ѧͽѧɡǳ˼һ£ͬʱһ⣬ţѧҽڴڿ죬Ե߽Կɹ


987 ǽ
һԲ鶼ˡ
Ҫ֪Ȼʲô塢Լ࣬Ҳһ˵ķΧҲǷԲʮҡ
ǵȥĺ˻ĵĲ𾪡
ѧ
ڸʲô
ǿɲЩһβһֻа֮Զ֪Ǹǳ᲻
Ȼ治ҲûйϵҪˢһ
νɹ˵ϿɣͿԴ󷽷ȥβһհǳΪͽ
ڣȰá
ѯ߾ʹɽ׾Ժ˾ˡ
ҽˮ߾
ҽɽɽ׾
ţܲһģѧҰǸһ󡣡˵ţһֱ˵壬Щǵ֮Ѹٵĸǵ壬ת֮еתϾȻһƽϢ֪ĻΪ˾ǵõɵء
ǡǲˣ˶סоԼˣȻͲֱ֣ӱΪˣһ˼顣ҲʲôϹޣֻ׸
л񣡡мʵʵĺôһǵĸ죬ǵΪһпǳһ翵֮

ŸոǵȥٵֶǴӵ̽ͷ
塢廹оβ׺ᣬϾֻ޾Сֲĺ˻ĵĴͷЩСûʲôʦţñīԨҲЩˡһǿĴڴ㽲˶Ķˡ
ȻܶСҲǲһ֮࣬϶ҹ
ҲûָѶϢֶֻҪһ֣Ǿ㹻ˡ
ʱȥвֿӣǴ˿ǿɸ߷壬Ѿʲôˡ
ˮɽʱǵķԸԸ֣ǰλͬʱҲһǵǿǺϤģڸоǵı仯֪ǲ򵥡
˹ȥ죬ɽΧѾǴСС֣һٶߡ
ǲЩȻûд㿪ʼ˼
˵ôĶ硢;βһôҲɸɡ
ƺڣûзǵˡ
ֵ죬ڣǺȻ˼һӰӦˣֻǲ֪ǲɹģǸպ·
ٵˣȻ˵ҵĲֻûпʼǳҪȥˡһ£ǳҪȥʱҲ⼸졣
һȥȻǵɷɽ
Ӱ֣ƷҲɢĹâ嶼̲ס
ѧǣǿԳƺΪ񡣡ǵȥɽΧѾʮߣҲãҲãҲգѧнԭʽյӡһὲ죬ߣֱΪӡ
һ뵽ǻôֱӡ
ʲôǵһ˵ھҪǲôбˡ
ǽҲ£ʼ
磬ˮƽôȵϵ򣬶ڵľ磬ȫ׾١
ʵڹŵ֮УǱȱȽǡ
ľǺ
Ȼˣǿ϶ȲϺĿǰ϶ǹˡ
˼һ£ֱӲһģʽʼ
һʼǽҲʲôĶԽȥЩ߾ͻᷢԽԭܼ򵥣ǽЩֱֱָָİء
ʮߣϵ˳˼֮УԽԽջ
ˣˡ
һһ˷ӣȻͿϵһŽơ
ɽ٣ҲеĶˡ
ǿһɽ򾫣츳ʵǲ
ɲǶɽٵĵطһӣɽ򾫾ͷɳȥ˵ķΧ
ע⵽һĻ̲ס𾪣⾹Ȼͻˣ⽲ĹȻǴ
ûãеڶͻˣһͷҰ
ǺϷƺں棬һ棬һɫȻգҲҪͻˡ
ԽԽͻƣһ޵ҲͻˣǷɣͻƵɡ
ΪɵСǶ಻ʤֻǶҪɽ٣Ҳûʲô
Ľʱȥ
ͣһҽа˷ɣǧСΪɣܲ
ǵ⻰һʱˡ


988 ʮ֣
콲˷ɣǧСΪɡ
ʲô˵ģô÷ģīԨһȺӣҲɶѡ
ȻīԨЩȻҲɣڱȽǿһࡣ
̲סǹһ£˿ǿǣǳ˳羴
ٻζһ콲Ķоջܴǵ
ǵĽһϵͳֻ̳̣Ҫ˵ȥԺΪҲ¡
Ǽε˴ҴˣԿҲǺ𾪡
һٸɵˣ˿̲ܸоǵ죬ǽʱ˵ķʽ̺µζǺܸмǣлܿЩֶûʲộȻǶɽˣҲᡣ
Ȼʵʮҵģڸոնɽٵʱֱӻҷˡ
ǻ˻֣һǿЩ½ɵ壬ǵƷ
л񣡡
һȺͬʱ£ǲΰݡ
ǵ˵ͷ˵Ŵһʮ˱ӴȺ֮ץ˳㣬㡭㣬ǷԸΪҵĵӣ
ϸѡȡˣȻʮ֣ˡ
Щ˸оǵǿ᲻Ը⣬ǹߵͷʦ
һУʮѳ˳ȥЩѧԺƵȻֻƷҲǱˡ
ɽˮԺҲҵĵӣʮĸǶҵĵӣҲѧѧԱΪʦռһЩɽ͸ˡ
лʦͽ
ʮɽܸоĲһ㣬ʱѡ
ˣѧѧԱ뿪ɽǵĵЩʲôģûзӦͱһƳɽ
ɽ£ɽ
ѧ֮ڡ
ʦɽ˵
ԺǽʦСǵ˵ţǵ֣ҶˣǵҲаšѧϢ죬һҪȥһѧһ͸ڿΡ
ǣʦ
˵ţһ뿪ɽ
ҲһԪʲôʣȫԵһʱ䷵ء
Ҫȥľνôĺ䶯һ岻᲻ע
ǰǳʦһԼȫпܵġ
Ҳǿԭˣ֪ǳϵ飬㶨ǳƻҪȸ㶨ֻҪϿܶǿ߰ǳ治ôȻʱҪɡ
ȻҲ൱ɾ磬ǻʲôգֻǲֵá
Ҫˣ¿϶ǻˡ
ʮ֣ǻǵһ
ڵȽϢں弯ϵõϢ嶼֪˽ð˷ɣǧСͻƵɾ
ǣǰݷáǵ˳ִȥ֮ˣȻһ
ǣǸɽˣڶߣΪ΢΢üӦõȷһ񣬿ĺ˻֮УЩƺʶġ
ӭһ²֪ˡһȤ
Ǻãðǳȥ飬Ժ̸˵ţ͵ʮ⣬ںʱ򣬺Ȼʵǰƾĸ֪Ȼ˿ûвǡ
·񣿡ʵ𾪣ǿᣬԵĪ⡣
ҽȥ˵ôʮ֣һʶһµġЩֵӣպΡ
ջ˵ʲôֻðӭ˽ȥ
ףλǡǾβ˼ǿǸ꣬ʵѾ³˭յĺûѣҲǰǳλĸ硣
񡣡վһۿı壬ΪҪ
˵ţǷһλ
գ㲻Ǻܺ·ôʵ˵ʵԼ֪·ˡʱЩЦǻشյ⣬ȻЩԼҪ˵ľԶϹ࣬磬ԶȺӦǸʱԳ֮ΪĻƻ衣ôʵԶ֮һֻȡһֶصķӦ٣ΪҲ˯ʮ꣬ǰոѡ
ǾıõģȻһ֪ðհǳΪͽôܷġ
Լ˵Զ֮һߴˣԼҲˣհǳҲˣһá


989 ɷ
պͰ⻰˶š
Զļٵģ
֪˿϶ţıϤǾֵգȻǵһμ㣬ûв´ıӦǻ˰ɣؼһֻˡطӦٵʱʵոյá
һЩį˵ţ˶Щˡ
Ǽʵ㣬λۣ̫ˡôȥĺ˻ı仯̫ˡ
ʵ±ơ
Ϲ֮£Ȼ֪Ҳ֪Ĳ࣬Ϲкܶ඼Ǻ͸һʱģЩǿĴڣҲ޷⡣
ʵҲˣǴϵͳ˽⵽绹Ǻġ
ǻ֮еǿٵص̹ţʵϺڻ֮е࣬νԶ񡣵Ȼտ϶ҲԶ֮һǸľܿʱӦϹʱڿʱˡ
ɹǾԼ븸ͬʱͬȵλǶĩѧ󱲡
ЩˣԼ˵ķݶûУⱲ̫ˡ
ȻЩɣԽӵĹɹܽѣѣ֪кδ㣿ؼ仹мλϹ֮ҿԴΪ
⻰ҡҡͷûȤ񣬻ȰѰǳΪ˵ʣЩ񣬶Ҳûм壬ǲˣͽ˸Сѣ䣬ĵͳ˼̳УЩ̡ɷȫϹŵһЩ֪ҲϣҰЩȥһҾʹѧֻǿϧѧѰȻʮӣʵûкܳ͵ġ
պͰ涼һ𾪡
ɷЩԶĴУǸж
Ҳ£һӾͳʮؼУֻдţͼľ񷨡ֻɴ󷨡
ǿԼ򵥵طһ¡
ν˵ʵˮƽߣЩɷ˶ѡ
ⲻðɡջô˵۾뿪ʮ伮
û£ЩֻǾİ汾޷΢΢һЦһݵĲ裬ò˵ͦζģϷ˻ܡ
պͰ⻰ǻʲôÿģһ¡
վͨҩһʱͷǸԼĵãдһЩš磬ʵҲģƳɵģȴǸûˡȻĻīԨҲʲôβͷѪܱסʬ岻ḯʱֻҪһƷɵյһо͸㶨ˡ
ַ񷨣ֻǿʮӣͱסˡ
Сʱܿȥ
յһոտ꣬ȴǰ߱ؼһ顣
ô
΢΢һЦʵ
ȻֻǼ򵥵һЩܣܿ߱ɷǿ˸ŵһܸоԼٵõһɷʮ꣬Ϊϡ
ҲڸеĶȷʵֻЩԶܴЩ룬ǵݣԽӵ
Щұ봫ȥһԵҲЩįҲֱ˵ˣʱ򣬷һܲĵӣ̳һɷһȴǺģ˵ͺϵԾ񵱸мˣҴӣȥѧ
㲻ֱȥҺҪˣЩЦá
ҿеǸӽǳ˵Ǻ۵ŮֱҺҪˣº۲ϸεյ飬ֲǿҲΡ
ǳ
ǳǳ
պͰ涼һЩŵӣôɺϵ顣
װԣ˼һµλʶλǳŮӣƵļСƾһžͻϰλܰҰɴ£Ǹǵлˡ
տһǷµʮСƾ΢΢𾪣ոտ֪СƾǺö侲ǳСҿųģΪͽʵ̫ҵԤϡ£˵˲㣬ͬ⣬ǳͬС
ЩЦãǳǳǼã治֪츳
ʱװ𾪵ӣֲǵı嶼ǾβԭһˡĻ͸ҪλæˡǳӣʵǱ


990 ͽǳ
ǵպͰ涼Ǹоĳ⡣
ݼܺãֳǳгķ
Ͼ˭ڶԶʱһЩѵĵͳȥƷС
ʵðǳΪʦҲδɡпһǰѰǳ͵īԨܵõǣīԨŮӣʱǱˣܲCD¡
֮ǰѼʦѧաʱֱӵ
īԨô૵ȻǸĶӣΪȴ͸̫࣬ûʲôý̰ǳġǰѰǳ͵֮ڣ񾳽磬͵īԨƾˡ
񾳽磿š
ȻˣӾ֮йʱҡ
˵ʲôһ죬һ꣬ϵͳ磬ͳһˡ
򵥵˵ͳһʱ㡣
нǳΪʵʱ䣬Ҳǽӽꡣ
ѧҲˣͳһʱ㣬˼磬ʱҲǾͷʮ屶
ǿԷģŻеġʵûоɶѹ˵ģǳǾβ츳ߣƶкǼټǹ⻷Լһɾ治Ǵ¡
ҴȥۡҲĶˣǰǳһԵ
áǵ˵ͷ
˵ţѾ
ۣ¡տҪŵĺۣߣȥ˵
õġӾ֮п࣬һʵ˵ӣڽȥ;УѾص˺ۡ
ԾģǾܸоһʶɨ䣬Ǻɡ
΢΢һЦҲܻ䡣
ȥǳۻ˻֣ȥˣԶ֮һ
Ѿ˵ˣǵģȷʵԶ֮һǵתֵʵǸʱѾ˴˵ҲûбҪţֻҪ֪̺ܽðǳֻ츳ȫӳ
Ŷ۵˵ͷֽ֪ܷһ
Ȼԡ֪ǺҪΪһ۾Ϳ۲һˮƽԡīԨҲǲ࣬ԴƲ⣬νԶ񣬸֮ģҲܸ߳ȥ̫ࡣ
밤ᣬȻȫ
룡˵ţһɿռ֮Ťʹź֮С
ֶΡ΢΢𾪣ոȻȫûзӦȻ𾪣Ǻ֪ԼԵһԶ񣬲ҵСĳǡ
ʹ㣬ۣĻ߲һСǵ˵ţļΪһΪĺۣʵ̫ˡ
㲻ҪСˡҲƢģٶȼӿǡ
ڵôǵ˵ţȻ϶ϹǰҲӣʶһ£ʲôԶֶΡ
һֻ̽ȥź۾ץ˹ȥ
ֻоռ䱻ϢΪеһж漴СǷȥ䵽ǵ֮УһšһɾŵĸоȫֻоʲôסƴǷȥĹʶסĶһա
Զôһֻһֻ־סĺ˻Ŀ޵еĺۡ
̫ǿˡҲһûпõʲôֶΡ
ǱߣǳͺҲˣҲһĻ
ȻյӾıģǲò˵İǳƯ
˺ǳ۾һҪԼΪôǿ
ۣ˽ɣ΢΢ҡҡͷƺЩʧĿ˿գϷ˺˼ɲҲץȥʵ̫ˡ
һֱ֣ӡ
˿̵ĺۣǫ˺ࣺܶСŮܳΪĵӣʵҡ
۷ˣķˡ
ôǿʦԺ˭ҲҶ԰ǳô
ǵ˵ͷѾͷ
һ֣ǳͿƲסĳ˹
ǳԼ£ȴЩδʦȻһĪĸо
㰢Ļ㶼ˣԺҵĵӡǵ
ʦǳ룬ǹʼʦ
ţܺáǿŰǳʦϣһʯͷˣô˵ѾͷƵԼֵ£ǶԲסˣīԨ


991 ɽ
ʦϣǷֺۼ˶ڿ
ȥʲôôҪƵģȵȣǲﲻԡ
͵ؾˣʦƺҪиͽһɡ
ǳʦīԨʱ򣬿ǻȣʦȻҲСˡ
˼һ£ǷԼܸǳĶǲ࣬²СѵƳһı
ʵģĪƽˡ
Եȣ
ǿ֮вȥһ⣬˫һץⶼסˡ
֯Ůķּ֯ԼĴ£ѾȫҪʲôֱ֯ӾͿԴ֮ȡƽ¡̫ˣʱǰﷶΧ֮ڵһɫµġ
ڿش󣬺۵˶ؿ
ѾԿǵ۳һɫŮ·
ǣվˣŵĸоϵϼ֯·ֱδżδ
ǰҲǵ˵ͷ𺳡
һСʱ£ǳƽ£в˼֮ãΪʦļ񡣡
лʦ
ǳһ˼·˷ܲѣȻÿŮӶϲ
ǵ˵ͷﻹһƷɽҵӵı䣬Ҳ͸ˡ
ǳһȻжá
æסɽҲһҳֳɫ·䡣
ۺһԿİͷʦǴ󷽵Ĳ񻰡
ǳ˼һ£óһҪⵤҲǱزٵĶ˶ǰΪʦõģƷȻɽһȴǱɽΪҲơ
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˵˵ȥǸСŮûо鰮ЩٲȻѾˡ
ǿ˿ɽķ򣺡ǳ㸸ĸ򵥸һ£Ҫȥѧˡ
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ǣǵȴŰǳ游ĸռˣŰǳֱӴռ䣬Ѿɽ
˸ոأǾ֪ͨʮλӹ
ѧת
յĵӣ۵ŮǳԺǵʦãʮߡǵǳʦīԨҲŵʮߣò˵ȫǼƻõģˣǼ򵥵ʶһ£쿪ʼҽ
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ʱ䣬ǶЩϤĽ̵Ҫ̵Ȼǰǳˡ
ѧһȺӵĹϵҲԽԽá
ɽƺ
ʱԶҲĽأЩӶûʸ˰ǳ
ʦѾ߼ˣܿܶɽˡ
ȣŶɽ١
ǵ˵ţ۾㰡㣬һľǲִҵľƿþˡ
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ǿЦãӹɾƣͨ˺һСˣ㲻ɷȸƿǺõĲ񻰡
ǳһЦǵĶ棺ʦ㳤ú˧ԣ˧ʦ˵ġʦǱߺƲʣʦ˵ϵƲΪʲôۼһһĶǾȷɢ
ҪƵγ˵ˣˮ۳΢Сˮ飬ŵڿƮ
ʦҾΪ¹µԲһһŵġ
ǿ˿Щİǳҡͷðɣ͵ԭ򡣡

ʦ͡
ţôôĸʦˣ¶˰ɡУɶʱ򶼻ˣ
ʦ˵ʲôأ
΢΢һЦ̧ͷ￴ȥһࣺףǳǳҼǵѧû˰ɣɽȥˣ
ǳҡͷΪʲôҪ棬Եһô
⻰ʱˣģǧݵġ
ʦҴˣ㻹Ȳȣ
ȣ

ʦϾɾżˡ
ţ
Ҳɵˡ
ԣΪʦΪ㽾
ʦӦҵĶ׼ô
ʲô
ʦˣ

ѾˣŬؽ̵ǳչ㲻
פյⶫɲơ
ѰطǴеĲϣӦǳĶ
ó˵ں˲ϣ׼ʼˡ
ǺȻĿ£֮
ɽ٣
ǵһʱͲµô£Ժ֮аʮ߸ӹһ飬ܶɽٵĺûˡ
ȵȣǳ
ǲɫ䣺ոɾżôҪɽ٣Ҫˡ


992 ̫ˣͻ
ӰһѾ˺ɽƺ
ɽٵĹȻǰǳ
˿̰ǳϵĽƣЩţ˵ɽ٣ȻʵʵĽѣǶȲȥܿԴ䡣
ʦǳǣæ
ǲΪʦʡġһ̧ͷϣ֪ô£ƺ˶ɽ٣ǿʮֹ
ˣҲǻˡ
ǲ²⣬̰ǳ̫֮죬ټϰǳᣬɽٲŻǿ
ۿɽپҪˣǳȻû׼á
䣡
һֱ۴ֵ׳Űǳ˹һ
ǹһ£һ׵ٿȵһȫһ
ǳûʲôɽپ飬治һֵܵȥ
ǲżʱҲ˲ϾΪϵͳԺרҲܿŰǳ
ССףҲҷ
Ǵŭһֱӵ˰ǳǰͬʱһֳֻץ˹ȥ
ףǵУֻһͱͨɵһɶ
ʦ
ǳԵЩϲ̲סǱסǵֱۡ
ưǳʾȥɽٿɻûнĸ棬ɽٵɱӡȻĻԭ֮УīԨΪǳֵɽ٣ҲˣǾ׵ﵽвīԨĳ̶ȡ
̧ͷȥȻˡ
һ׻ഩ󣬷Բﶼ
ɽٵȻһַ˼ĳ̶ȣʱǻԭ֮еīԨǳɽ٣ƶ˵ˣ֮Σ
ʦ⡭ǳֲ׽٣Щɫףҵɽ٣ȣʦ
ʲôΪʦءһЦģ׽ٻͺβҡ
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ðǳչ˺ýҪīԨʬһ϶Ҫܾá
飬īԨĵǣȫ°籡
īԨȥĴ̫ˣܿԴû䡣
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Ͽգǳ̲סЦʦ˵īԨֻǼֻҪסʬ֮ڣ϶ѹȺͽȴ޿䣬ʵǺЦúܡ
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˼ǳЩΣѧʮߵӣŮǳʦػīԨʬ
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ʦ֣ŮǲǺ۵ŮôҼǵǺŮǳƺҲûж󣬿ǿŮӣΪƺīԨʮ
īԨĵӣҲ档
īԨʬӦˣҸһŶյǳ֪ԼĿģֱӳīԨѷɹȥ
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ÿǳһֱ֣һƴȥȻ˺ʱԱɱֱһͰѰǳƳȥ˼Զ
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ӡǳɲԺҪ鳣סʱʵһʵҲá
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ֻһ㣬ǽǻΪ˷飬ʮ˼æ˰ס
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995 ҩʦ
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ӣҲʶġ
̼ǵīԨ֮ǰĻ˵ûʺˣʱīԨ
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Ȼ棬īԨԪȻ˶ӣƵԪȴûɢľۺϣȾۺ֮󣬹λȻġ΢΢һЦ
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ʱȥѼнѧԺҪȵʲôʱ
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996 ҵ
ר棬ǿ˰Ű
ϰ壬ˡŰǣоرУΪɵר깤ʮ꣬Űջܴ񲻵ʷʮΪҲﵽԭʮ۷壬ֻҪһСƾͻƾ硣˪ҪͻƣȴøȻͻƹˡ
ţǺЦŵ˵ͷЩɵøҿ
õģϰ塣ŰùһƽһĶйɵ۵ϸݡ
ܲôЩ꾹Ȼȥһɵǿ˿ǻܵݣ۶ǸߴһǧңѧԺҲﵽһңʮֺˣˣŬˣ˵أ
ϰƸΪǵרְʦڱǱߺʦһش
֪ˣȥ˵꣬뿪ˡ

ʵߺΧʮĵطѾѧԺˣڵʮԼһС˹
Ժˡ淢ǣӭſڡ
˪أѯʵЩ档
ڿ̸⡣شȻӪǵҩΪԺķչҲչ˲ٵĵ̣˼򡣡
Ŷǵ˵ͷʶһɨѾ˿֮ڵ
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˪˵ͷʣظʦȥʵؿǸ棬Ҳֻû֪ⶫ;Һ̸Э飬Ժǻ񣬶ȵһ֮ǾͿʼÿչһЩҲͳǵֲء
⻰˪úܺãʱЩ涼ˡ
أҡ롣
ǣԺȻ˪ȥҲ˪ǵĹϵǾֻԼȥˡ
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ʦ޵£ǱġûʲôģʵҲ˼֮еľĿǰҲֻһµ˼·嶨ǿƱҵҪݾѧԺ֮С
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ѧԺԺһ״Խǵ棬ѧԽ١
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˵ôҲϧ˳ҩʦˣٴ뿴᲻˵ôǰ;ڿɵר껹ֻһСƾǲ紫ԵģҲֻһɵü
ɵк֣ܶҲƺ֣ܶʵεõϢ֮ѾƳµɵˡ֮ǰϣܰǩˡѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ǩΪѧԺѧԺһȫǵҲûʲôġ
ѧԺ૵
һȫµһȫµʽɵֻ֮һ֮⣬ɰռȣ档ѧԺǽЩǵ˵ţ츳ܲǱΪѧԺѧõڣԸΪѧԺѧô


997 Ƴɵ
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Ǻܿ죬ɫԽԽᶨΪѧԺѧҽӴ֪ʶԸ⡣
⻰΢΢Ц⡣
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ǿżǩԼ֣Ժ֮УɶҲﵽ3/5
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ܸܳΪѧԺѧǵ˪ȸһѧԺȻ֪ͨѧԼѧԺƸʦһµĵҩɵҪĲϣھͿԲɹˡ
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ڶ죬ѧԺǵҡ
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ΪѧܻڵҲԶ̽ѧ
棬˽ѧԺʦʮλʦǶߵѧԺѧ½ͻƵɾ磬ʵϵĲ塢ɣһЩɢޣҲͻƵɾģЩͻƵˣǱѧԺƸΪԱ
ʦɵģߣǲٵ׷Ĺ
ǿ˿ǰļļ⾳һ׵Ϊ֮ǰЩǷϣƺѾǻһˡ
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ǵȵ˾Ϊ֮ʼϿΣɵ֣вٵĵ֮ҩʦЩҩʵҲɵķƣԺҿԼСĻһʾɵƷɵҲԺɵרӪƷ
⻰һȺ˶ڴ
СƾȷʵҲ䷳ˡ
һɵٲݵѧԺԼĵ֮ûСٲݵһֺʵõĵҩҪⶾ֮ðߣΪǵĹԭжǺƽ顣ȻʵֹðߣΪֵĸԣ㲻֪ʲôʱжˡٲݵԽ󲿷ֵĶһͨõĽⶾҩʵáƷҩʦ֪һƷҩ棬õĽⶾҩʲô
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ǵ˵ͷʵƵɵǧ֣ߵĶƷɵ֮ѡٲݵΪгʺƹ㣬ߡ
ڶֵҩͬһƷɵ˵һõĵҩֵҩҩǼЧϣҲҩһ쾳ͻΪȴͻƴ󾳽磬ͻС硣ñȷ쾳ߣӷ쾳һͻƵ쾳׵ȣҸǣ쾳ߣڷ쾳֮ڣһֻܷΟҩǻǵȴǿԷĴΡ
ʲôԷĴΣǲʹڷ쾳ͻĽס
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ŵһ¯Ҳһʮ֮ࡣ
ÿһŵҩеƣǼƷܿɹ
ˣʾˣҩʦĵȽ׻֣˵ǶƷҩʦΪһƷɵֻǿһ飬ӦҲˡ˪ƵЩٲݵõר꣬һļ۸Ȼƹˡǵ
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ڶ죬˾ͷɵרֵҩ
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˿չʾĵҩԼ۾Ǵ
ɵר꣬ƳµɵһϢҩע⡣


998 䶯
ٲȱǮˣһʱ͹һŰٲݵȱš
죬һóǧŰٲݵŵɵר꣬ʵô൤ҩûкķٵʱ䡣
ٲݵ񵤡һߵɵר꣬ɵרɵʱ򣬵һĹߣǲôţȥСϵðգһֵﲡһȺ˷ҩȴûκεôͻȻ뵽ԼְٲݵԵ̬ȷһţҺˣһ¶ûСȺһ͵ùˣһûмֵ͹ˡ
˵˷ޱȣνҲΪɵרۡ
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ǲ٣Ѿв˷ðٲݵ涾
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ӵĻֱ˰ٲݵۡ
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СôǰʱһϤɵר꣬˵ɵרƳµҩΪɶûϵ̡ǰҩ꣬ǺԸǴɵġ
ϰ壬ǲ˼ڵĵҩޣԲûϵ㡣˪˵ǣҲʵʵ˰СƾѧԺ̸۵ҩǶ಻ʤµҩķۣÿ춼˹
ô̫źˡǰкܲ΢΢ȸһ㣬Ըóۼ۰ٷ֮ļ۸򡣡΢΢һЦҪ֪֮ǰĴɶѧԺۣû뵽ԷȴֱӼӼۡ
ôҲǲԣǷۼ۸İٷ֮ʮǲ컷Сϵۡ˪˼һ£һ뷨˵˾ðҩСϵΪѧԺ档


999 ɵר걻
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ҩСƾСƾ˲ٵĿͻԴ˴ҩ˰ٷ֮ʮСƾѵЩңѾֵһᡣ
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ܴҩԻ
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ѧԺҡ
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˻Ǻģͨ棬ɵרƿڴ
ɵרȽϽģֱӾǰɵרˡ
ǵɫԽԽܵγˮһһǸ
Ҳޱȣȫſڴƻƣ˵ǵɵԪ޷֤һ顣ϣҵĽڡƫƫ಻һΪ棬Զﴫȥɵͻˡ
ﲻЩߣȥ
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ҲͻƵ⾳ףԸһ⾳׵ûǸġ
ǰһƤ׵Ŀ£ǵӣƷһɫľƷߵһ⾳׵һּãܣʲôõĵġˣŮ˰ſڵȥ˳Ǹһλá


1000 
Ĵʦ֣ȻҲĵӡ
ֽҮ⾳׵Ϊô棬ɫһ
ʵѾܴˣҪһ꣬Ϊȴʱ棬յĲٵӶѾͻƵ⾳Үʮ궼ֹ⾳洫ӡ
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˪˿Űǵ̵һͨԱǼȻĹִУûҲץǻҪǵģԱˣǲк޹ȥҲʲô¡
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˪˿ŰѾ޳ˣǴˣҲ£µֻǡΪɵר깤ʮ֪꣬ǵı¡ŰɣСʱͻǣңû
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֪ʦʵϰ壬˺ϰϰ岻ŹġŰʱŭŰɣϰϾ͹
Ǹ治ϰ壬⵹˼ˣ˭ϰ壿Ү˵ţ˲Ƶ˰ŰԱߣһӾץסĲӣԱ֪ĵͦģʲôҲ֪ģһҰɡ
ſҡŰоܣҧˡ
ô֪ǵϰ˭Ҳʱһмŷŭ˹ȻֻһһֱնҮ˭ĵӣȻץѧԺˣǵĵ̣ȥ
ֻ硣
Ү̧ͷûпˣͿԼĸ첲һնˡ
飡
Ү˳ȥһѪ˳
˶Ŀɿڴ
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ȥҪսˣҪսˡһӺţҲһ׷׳˺ԶȻҪǱˣǿɾͲˡ
ɵרϰˣսǾսˣⲻôѾΪĬˡ
ʲôˣ˿̻ûϳǣϾϴǴʱ򣬿ǹò
һԶҮ˲ǵѪֱȴѸٸԭˣɵרϰ壬ȷܲһ㡣ո͵ϮɹҵĶѡʵҲԶˣһ֪ʲôԲ


1001 ˭˭
ҮĻ˶ǵ˵ͷ
ҮĴӣ⾳׵Ϊ컷СϵûмĶ֡׼ȻԼĴʦֶ˹ɵרλϰȻҲΪҮвСĲࡣһ⾳һ׵ð߷
ԺˣҮӳ֮ͬڣûĶ֡˿ţЩġ
֪ɵרϰ⾳ΪҲɵר꣬п϶ʲôһεԭ򡣱Ͼǰµ磬ûҪôֻ£ҮϣҮˣ˲ǿ壬ҸͨսţԼܻʧȥһλܺõ顣

ǿҮʶͬʱַԲ
ܺãûˡ
λ˿ܷģȻûԹһ־ҪݻѧԺ컷СϵĸǴ̡
ѧԺǾԲ׷Ź󣬶Ҳһʵɰ컷Сϵ
ҪǹԹԹģҿһҮ˵ţܿǵΪ⾳ףȫûȡ
ǣ̫ѡ
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ҹ£ҾϹ˻㡣׼һӦָʹİɡȻ֪ʲôĿģҿȷĸ㣬ҪΪԼ޴ۣ컷СϵҲʱˡ
Ȼ˵ֱֻҮҲǷϻõɵƷֱɱǣȰ˵ǳ
Ӱһֱʧ֮С
ԲﶼǱ˺ɫ˸оһѪȵζ˼Ĳ
սս˵⾳ǿ߿սͷһս֮Уܷӳٷ֮һٶϵսʩչҲߡһվŽ׵ðߣ˿ԵЩ
ҵĸ磬岻ǰһٵ塣˳ޣĽ
ȷʵһ㡣Ǹʲôսš
ܣڸͻƵɾʱѾˡ
⾳ǿ߿ܲݿռ֮һǾγԼ
֮ڣ֮޵еĴڡ
ñھܲݴ֮γҲܲ۳ԼҪĸֻȫûбҪͨʹӵ񼼣ܷӳսһЩ˵ֱƽʱܲǱ˵Ƕҩ
Ȼʩչҿ϶ûл羳ʵҲƽ⡣
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Ү֮Уֱӳնȥޱߵĵϯȥγһˡ
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ˣҲѹֽ֮
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ΪҮ˿ȴ֪ڵ
ڵҮѾɫ䣬һ鳬Ԥ֮УӶһ־źͿ־塣
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һȭȥ
еĵӦ棬һȭȻһȭҲԴЧ
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ҮǶ̫Զˣʦࡣ
˵ҮΪǸߣһŽ֮ǣʵֵһᡣ


1002 ӹ
Ү֮׷飬յǱĵ
ĵնҮϣһѪۡ
ʱֱӴһӾǳȥ
һӣӺҮؿڣȻ͵ؾǱըԲʮʯǱըķ顣
׵еҮըͷۻؿڶǳһ󶴣ûˡ
ò˵ִӵ񼼣ʹˮʣȫʩչ
⡭Үˣڿƣһŵӡ
֪ˣǶˣողҮɵרϰ壬ɵרϰҮ⾳һ׵ðϸعһ£ս̣ʼʱɵרϰûл֣ȫҮʩΪǲŴΪҮѹɵרϰ򣬿ǵҮʩչ꣬ȫˣѧԺϰֻһֱ֣ӰҮˡ
Ҳˣԭô¡˸ŵԼոʵ̫ˡ
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һնȥҫʮ
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һȥһҮһֱ۾ͱնˡ
һٴնҮһֱۣնȥ
Ү٣ϵѪһķ롣
ǧǴҮϸǧ⣬ֱۣ١
ҹ
ǴһץֱӴռ䣬ҮץС
Үӵ
һҮһײΪ˷飬ǸŴ²ȴҪܡ
ߣǲ̫ˡ
ЦһһץͰץ˻֮ת塣
̱ڵ£ЩֵĿǡ
ҲڿһĻʵ̫бˣֳ˵Ԥϡ
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ǵɵ⣬Ϸ
˵ʵ˵ţһ̴ؿڣȻԥİ˳Ѫһء
ʵ죬ʹʡ
ô㵱Сӣ˵ʵһ̴ؿڣ̵ĶҪˡ
ʵҧڼ֡
ڤ粻顣ٴһ̴ؿڣˮ
㡭űǴϳѪӡ
ٲ˵ʵҾһһĴȥֱնеĹͷһѪ˵ţȻڿЦھȨ㣬ȥ빶ҵĻţ㡣
˵Ҳܲȥˣһϣȥɵûκ⣬෴Ʒʺܺãɹ˲١֮Բɵר꣬һжΪʦ˸ʦĺôôġ
Ŷôǵĵ˲ֻ󣬻Ǹôˣ˼ŵͬʱ˳һǴ̽ؿڡ
ҶʵشˣΪʲôͱҡЩŭ
˼ֶˣҰγһΣһѪһ滹ˣ棬ǽˣǸ÷ɴ̫գҵҪҪô졣
ǣԺӦȥ˻᲻ܲס̫յĻȥ˭á
ʱʶǣһѹ˲
ʩ˹ᣬɵר꣬ﵱѧԺе׽Ү򣬱ʬ̫գЧȡԺǣѧԺӹܡĿǰƶȣάֲ䣬ش֪ͨǵǡ
˶εĸоǾˡ
˭ѧԺǵĿȨҪܻܲǡ
ͬʱѧԺʽߵĶ档
ɵר̫ţˣոձ˵̣ͻӹǡ
ǹȻս治֪ɵרλϰĵ
ǰɲҮڲץʱȻֱӰռǣⲻô
źܿͻյϢʱкϷˡ
ǰʱһѪȷ簡

Ժ˪ܲڵһʱͰ˪ͰŰ𶾵ʴͲ˵ˣĽˣһӱըҴܣ궼ܵӰ졣
֪ǶȳȥɣһЩۣͬʱҲΪûб˪
䣬䣡˪߽һȻıסǡ


1003 һ
һظо
һܿȴһֱѹţԼδĸо
˪䣬Ǳøˡ
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Ǳ˪壬˿Ϊ˪ֱȻȫвȥ
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˪ǿһ۾Լ˫ֶ뵽ǵ·棬ҲǵĻ
ǵƺͣ
뵽ԼȴǰǱĸˡ
˪ɿǺܺãҪȸ㴦֮ҵʱ
Ҳɿ˪ʱǹ˾޴һֱסǵĲӣͷǵĶͷһʮּᶨΪҾҪˣһ̣ͨ˺ܶ顣ҲٵˣȵҵȵһΪҵһ쵽ȴѾˡҪץһÿʱỵ̈úð㣬úϧ㣬ͻȻʧ磬Ҳûźˡ
⻰סˡ
ǴԼĽǶ˼⣬Ǵ˿˪Ļһ
˪ĬĬô꣬ȫȫİǽ˵ݣֱֲӱּ尾һŮǺ̡
̲ס뵽̩ġͷĹ¡
ңԶľ
Ҿվǰ
ȴ֪Ұ

֪˴మ
ȴһ
ңԶľ
֪˴మ
ȴһ
޷ֵ˼
ȴҪװ˿ûа
ңԶľ
Ƕİ˾һ޷ԽĹ

꣡
ǿļӲǣˡ
۽ʪȻŨŨͰգ
Բ˪˪Ϊ˵θ˺ܶ࣬ȴûκεĸʱҪԶ˪
һʱ򣬾ʱҰ㣬ԸΪ㸶һУĲٵˡ֪ΪѣԺѧǵΪʲôҪңҺ㡭Ѿûκΰ취ˣѧѧҲûйˡ˪߽һץסǵıץѪۡ
ǲ᲻һ档
ǲ֪˵ʲôãʱѧԺո𲽣ֻѧῼôࡣ
˪Ҫ˵ˡ˪ӣЩԺ󶼲⣬ǰ̫ˣûпǵĸܡʵҽݺ͵λǸȫһˣʲôϵЩѧҲû˵ʦ
˪ǵĻһԸһôҪڰңô
ǺأȻ֣صĵ˵ͷ

ڶ죬ġ
˪ڵֹۡĽ𵤱Үˣ۵һӱЩĵĳײܻΣڣѾЩʱӦòʲô⣬볹׽⣬ҪԼֲС
ɶʱҰЩģ˪ǣȻûвɶʱֵġ
ⲻص㡣ƺ뵽ʲô̲סһ죬˵⣬ȻǻҪԼһҲеİ취
Ŷ˵˪ǵӣ̲סҲһ졣
һ취׷Щð죬ʩչͨܰЩɸɾڶ취һĹЩֹѧԺûֳɵģֻҸ㴴졣ҵԺ棬Ѿ˼ֹģֻͣЩҴĹǿһһǣԽǿĹԽԺҪԼȥơ
׷Щòʵ̫ϧѡڶ취˪˼һ£ǽѡһֹܴĹʺҵģǿĸ
ǿģҲġ
Ҳĺȡ
ˡǿ˪ڵ˵ͷĿǰǿһֹʵҵһ롣һɾ֮󣬾ͻᶴ֮еİռ䣬ռİŤռѳ涴ۺһ𣬴ӶܽпռԾҵоҷʵһ淴йĴռĴڣһֻǿϧ߸޷ƿذһ˰ռ䣬ͻΪüΪȶ𡣡
ռ䣬˪ૡ
ǵģƿذҾпܾܸıеķ򡣺ñȣҶ䣬ǳϣϷɣˮΡ˵ˮݣʱ⵹ǵ˵ţ˪ѾĿɿڴ


1004 Ϊ˪Ĺ
԰Щԣҹ˼һֹİܼ򵥣ǹһİռ䣬Ȼֱհռ֮еİΪԼáȻ˵򵥣ʵֻǴˣҪĴȴֶӦŴĵ
ǵ˵ţȴֹж
Ͼ빹һռ䣬ǾҪ涴ơ
ĳ涴һİռ䣬ĳ涴Ź˳涴ơ
ˣֹͱҪ֮й涴ĳ涴
ЩҲ˺ܾãһµ˼·
ġ
֮еĳ涴ͨĸطһ֮ǿٳ˳涴ȴǹġǲ˱һ棬ô˵֮й涴ǲǿͨЩ涴תͨϸѪʲôġ
ò˵һִ󵨵롣
֮ͨй涴ķתʱתٶȻ
ͬʱΪתӿ죬һʩչʽ˼άҲ־޴
Ͼ涴ſ˲ƣųԽٶȡ
Լ֮ʵ飬ǳɹˣô޴󣬿ĿǰѾͣôĸĶ˭֪ʲôϾֹ൱һˣпܺڵڳͻԣôάƽ⣬ôŹԼ֮УʵҪһʵ塣
˪Ľ𵤱٣ҪһǿĹƺڤڤ֮⡣
ǰֹİ˪˪ʴϻۣһʱҲֹ
ֻ˵ֹ̫ˡ
ʵԼҲǺܶʱŹĴ죬ҲֻżҪϵơ
ʱĻ㻹û⾳޷ֱ۵Ŀ֮еİռͰԾ޷⣬ҲûʲôˣȰ֮д涴Ļɡǳ˼һ£ڼǿ˪Ź
õġ˪Ӧůůġ
ûгɣ
涴һ׵飬ⷽһֱβо
ڲ˵ģһһŽ˹涴ļ
ñΧ˹涴רŹһЩ澺ҩġ
Ȼǿߣһ˹涴Ҳס
ֻΪάһ˹涴ÿʱÿ̶ҪûԸô
ǲ˪ĵ˪ǰĹ·ʼѡʵĵص㴴涴
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һѡһطΪ涴ԭ㡣
ڶһͬҲһ涴
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Сʱʱ䣬˪֮дһг涴ɵľ磬Щ磬˪۵ϸһʮ涴һѭ
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ǹһ£ǻͬȽ׵⾳ߣ֮еľ
ģֱֲ
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šǵ˵ͷȻ洴˳涴а֧ŵĳ涴ûάȶЩ涴ܿͻԣԺͺˣάסЩ涴ͬʱҪ취ٳĳ涴
Ŷ˪˵ͷ
ҲܶԤ̫࣬һлҪԼȰЩ涴ľѲЩЩڴֻҪ˪ǾʹԼȷģ˪δҲΪͬ
˪
ֻһЩѵȻһȻʼͨ涴ת
棬γһת
ǰһҪѴһӵʱ䣬ȴòһ롣
ϵתһӿ˹Ϊѣյĵ˿ȴǽӯۿɼģҺ壬Һֱճ״ֱӱһĽ΢
֪һ춼ǹȥˡ
ûκˡһҲģ˪Լ˷䣬滹һµȴ


1005 գ˭˭
磬ѾȴСʱˡ
ӷϵҹʬ󲻿޶ԡ
Ȼڽжˡ
ûֱǣȴͨ컷СϵͨѶƵǷһŭ֪ͨ
˵ʲôĻǴ˿ѯ棬ȫһĵӡ
ҪԺ֮ڣǰģȻץסԺԺڵ壬Ϊū
˵ʱԱߵļ˶һȻѧԺѧߣ۾Ѫ죬޲ھȥԴߡ
һΪֱɱԭʱ䡣Ҳ˵ˣûоԵܻǡȴǳЦ⣬Ѿٻ£룬Ĺȥĵ̣˵ͲȴǡǲȥܻܿΪǲð찡
һȺǵķҲǸо
ظʦȥˣҲ֪ͨôôûлʱȻʵĺɰ˼ظԹһģϾʵҲ⾳˽ңȫʵ൱
ʱ֪˵ʲôãЩεظʦһǰŸң˵ھٹһϣһǱˣ취Ǹ˵ӡٵĻ϶ܻ
ǵ˵ͷûôظȥҲҵȻ˵ܻҲˡ
ʵûظҲδ
Ժǽô죿ִ£ʵû㹻Ĵ
ܼ򵥡һЦǼȻҪռ컷СϵǻʲôԥģֱվˡһˣȰԴİװһ¸͹ȥͬʱҲǰĹ򽵣Ȼ죬ǻҮͷҲȥ
ԣһѧǵĻѡ
գ˭˭
ǿԺظʦء
ãȥ졣ѪҲȼΪһδѧԺðɣԼôΪģЩ֮УһҪսףһߣףԲ顣
ϣ˶ڹעѧԺĶ
˵һʱ俴ԴˣȻһҷɴֱӿǡ
ѧԺҪʲôͷ͸󣿡һ⣬˶ˣʲôѧԺҪҪôԵһСϵ˰ȻûнƿһСϵĵλЩϵûʲô
ǿǹĸô
ˣѧԺֱǷˡһ⾳һ׵ðߣǾһ˶ǷӣľʲôѧԺǲǵһɵרѣⶼҪ췴ˣ췴Ķӵ⾳˽Ϊ
찡ɶʱˡ
ѵ⾳ǿ߶ֵǮô˵⾳ǿ߶ܵһô
ѧԺҴһԸ󣬿ɲô׵ġ˼һ£ԼбҪٰݷһλԺ

С㣬֪εʲô飿ǵĿڣʱЩġ
Ҳʲô£һϢȤЦŵ
ŶʲôϢ̲סЩ棬ϴΰѧԺʱҲ͸¶һϢ
֪ΪʲôҪԸɵרôֱӾǿżɽʵԭܼ򵥣ҩʦ˵ŵӣŵӵʦȻҪһѵҪǡ
̲סһʱˣʦʲôͷƺܲ򵥣Ȼָʹ顣
벽ҩʦͬʱһλ羳Ľ׵ߣ˳ƻ˵ţܵõϢһ㶼֣ҩϵϺŵҩ꣬ڻвҩʦѧ
֪ˡ૵ɫЩ
ٸһϢĿǰ⾳Ž׵Ϊ磬ʵǸԸֵģǻһƿƷҩ֮ᰣðճ֡˵ţҲϸ۲ǵ飬ֻ˼ʱЩò׼ǵܲӦһС
л֪˭ҴѧԺ⣬עҪصĴۣҲ⡣ն˵ţᶨޱȡ


1006 
ǵ飬ƺҲܵǿġ
ʵ˵ʲôѧԺСķչô˻羳ǿߡ
Ȼǽзգʱ
˵ɶˣʱҪˣ̫ˡ
ߣҩʦ˲һ֯һҩʦ˵Դ뼯ҩʦ˵ԸѧԺǿ϶ǲܵ顣ֻǶԸһѶȵǲ󣬿ҪץʱˣֻҪٻһǼ˭˭һʱҲʲôΣˣǻӦöʱڲֱӹȻĻˣﻹָֻʹЩ顣
ȵȣΪɶûֱ
˼֮Щˣܵԭǻûۿǡ
ȥȻСˣǺ
ۺôһԺ֮һҵְҵòãҲ˵ˣѧԺ֮ȷʵûɶ֪ȡ
ѧԺչΪһ֪ѧԺҪĴѧԺˡ
ţͳһ컷СϵСϵһѧԺвУȻһСϵ
ǣ֪ڶ̶̵ʱ棬Ժ֮ôļƻ
ѵҲ漶Դĺô
С㣬㻹ʲôϢҪҵôһ˵ɡǺȻعſھǵðˣǾѧԺǱԲͶ㣬ĻԺǰҩ컷СϵҲˣ㾹Ȼҵ鱨ӣĽڲأզ˼ء
һе飬ˡ˪鶼ˣˡſ֮󣬰üͷϸߣˣȻҪˣϢɲǰṩİڻȥǣǺΡ
ڰֻϣǵѧԺҪΪ컷Сϵˣķְɡ
ǻķô˭֪
ΪһˣǳԴˡ

ǣʵĸǡ
֮ԽǣȷʵΪʱ䴦ڵ״̬
ڴ꣬ǵǾˣһصȻ׵
ЩˣΪ׵ʵǿ󣬲һŷ쾳Ϊ
Ŀ٣Щֻ̺ܵͣɶԷһֱݵ״̬
ֱ֣˶ɵΪǵΨһʤߡ
Ժ£ûܵΪŴƳ졣
ǹƽģЩͻƵ羳ƺ֮ͻƵ羳档
ȻͻƣҲǿࡣ
⾳ŽףʵѾʮˣ˶֪ġ
磬Խܸо羳εͻơ
ҵ˵Ըṩһݿ֮ҩʱźԥĴӦˡ
Ϊ˿֮ҩһͻƵ羳ĸʣȻֻһɣǶѾ㹻κˡ
Ϊʲô취һݿ֮ҩֻ˵ⶫ̫ϡˣ򵽵ġ
Ҿ򣬹Ҳͱˡ
۲Щ
ˣðߵķɴӣæˡһ
ʲô򿪿һ׵ͼϣȫɫ׶࣬һ׵壬˻Ե
СĴ˺ӣȴŵļæ
ˣ򡭡үԴ˲ɫ֣̿ɫ塣
̫ʵ̫ŭɫΧڱڣǲ
ѧԺﲻ⡣лȻ㻹յҮԴһȴġ
⻰һȭֱӴ˺ӣԴȫΪ˷飬ãõúܣȻңҪ֪ʲôķŭ

ǡ
ظˣﻹץһֵˡ
˺ΨһͬǣֱϣͷϣϣȻСŵ۾
Щ۾ţƺܿһ
ſң쵰˻ںţŵĶȻظ
ץһ⡣ǿǰˣ治֪ôݣô۾òǻ˰ɣһ˵츳ʱֲ˼ĸо


1007 
Ϊ˵츳ȻǺǼ
治֪˵ʲôˣΪ뷨跨պǼ츳ѧҲֻе˭뵽ظȥһˣȻһһ
ⲻ⣬ϲ
һǼ츳ѧɶȾܴﵽ4/5
ֻһˣһǼʦѾڳˡ
ʲô֣ʵѧȻڻûǩѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬Ѿ֮
Լ˵ظˡ
ҽпǡ¶ֵֻɽŵ˹ٰ˹򡣡˵һʮֿڵ֡
ʱǾͺǺˡ
ô֣˭ģѵ˺˵ô֡
˵˻ظʱȴǲˣֱһž˹ȥǰ˼ƨɣһİԹ
򣬲ҪģǸϵûеġʱָظǿԵĻҾǻǳƺҵȫŴҵأ˵ǲǣ
ػˣԺͽ򡣡ǲظڣæǵ
ǿϧôһõ֣ҵϣֿǴݡЩε˵ˣֱ˵ǵҪʲôɣȻҴôԶĵطץҵڶûиҳԶ̫ʵˡ
㻹ûи˵ѧԺѯʵ
ûüظͷΪ˸ŻֱӾͰ˸ץ˻
ȻˣǾҸ˵һ¾ǻ۳һӣȥʵǴظʦңǴĶһѧԺѧԺ֮ظʦ㣬ʵΪⲻ츳ֵѧԺ
ң츳ΪȻҲҪֱӷһȥҵúܺá
ܺãǵЦЦЩ⣬Сӣظʦ˵ô򻹲һڻûбֶѡ㻹Ĳпᣬ֮Уǿʳһ˷֣ȺԲʲô³ȺץΪūһҹ֮Ⱥҷ𡣡
Ż˭أҲŲšƲƲ졣
Ż㣬㿴һĴ¼ǡ˵ţһоͳԪħʷϣԪħǰ1225꣬Ƿ壬֮Ԫħǰ1156꣬ɳǷֻʯ壬֮Ԫħǰ1152꣬Ƿֵľ壬֮
Ǳɫ΢䡣
ֻǶ˼ʮֱӰӸ򣺡ˣڵ򱻷֮ǰȱѧԺʦ֣㹻ʱɳȺһ֣֮㲻һ㷴ûСúɣСӣѧԺΪѧԺܻ㱻һҪһ֪縺ȺΰʹҪΪȺػߣΪһֻԼˬˬͨˣʵһ֮䡣
˵ţվ
ظʦͽˣִҪȥͰͻȥѧԺûθеѧ
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תˣߵĺܾȫûȰ˵˼
úÿɣǰһôĻʧȥˣһӡظԪħʷ伮£Ȼϲѧǻ˵ˣ򻹾ѧԺ룬ҪѧԺһƽ̨ѧֱӷ

档
˪ˣڵѾӣˣҸˡ
ѾȶΪҸ涼ܺá˪˷̸ܵҵȷ֪ûһ֣
Գ֮Ϊ涴߰߰ǵһЦȻǶϲҲԼһ֡
ռ䣬桭˪һ£ǽĹöӦ
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һ֮ڣʽѧԺѧ롣˪룬˵仰
˾˰ɣνʵ˪ѧҲӰ첻ʲô˪ִôҲ˵ʲôôżصѧԺ֮ɣ
֪ˡ˪ģо˿ĺҸ
ɾʱǵͨѶˡ
˸һϢݺܼ򵥣ˣһʮ⾳ˡ
ǿϢɫء
֪ս컷СϵĹ


1008 ǵʵ
˪ǵɫԣѯʵôˣǲֳ˴£
ʱ΢΢һЦͨѶݸ˪һ£Ҳʲô£ˣһʮ⾳ˡ
˪⻰治֪˵ʲô
һʮĸ⾳ǿɱ⻹Ǵ¡
ǿ˪ĵģЦ㻹֪ҵı£һֱڣóȫʵ滹ûһȻˣҲһʲôǿĴڡ
˪ŵףţ㡣
΢΢һЦͶˣϹҪš
˪ʱ糺죺㡣

ԺҲ˸ҷϢ˵ˡʱ
ÿˣǰģŮƴãǿǡЦЦôô
ԺڣѧԺڡ˼һ»ӦȫǵĽࡣ
һս˷ܰظȴǺڴҲ⾳˽׵Ϊһ⾳ǿѾ벻۾úʣǺڴһս
ǰȫֵʱҲ࣬һսҪӮҪӮƯǵ˵ţȷʵ˺ֶܶΣһֱû֮ء
˵ŵʱǵĲҲ̵õϢ
Թˣɵרϰˡ
ǰˣ˿ӵ⾳˽ϵΪ羳ûʱ˭ܻ󡣡
ɵרϰΪʲô벻أҪ
вúõӲҪΪС
ò˵ûһ֧ǵġ
ˣܶ˰ͲˣҲ̫ƽˡ

ˣʦҪˡҮһǿУǵķ򣬳ڴɵרϰ壬ʦˣһʬΡʬζ㣬Ҫץշգ棬ҪȺ˶ū޷֮ա
ˣǵˡһ˿ڵһѽ󹧾ޱȡ
ܺáɫʲôɵרϰ巢ͨ棬˵̫յ
ǣˡӦ

ɵרϰ壬ҼѾǣһƺƵ˲䴫ǡ
ϣ̧ͷ졣
ĺÿ졣
ʱظ࿴һۣһɳ죬˴㣬֮С
ɵרϰ壿Ѿǣܸо⾳Ϊһ⾳ǿߣӦòоʲôΣգϣȴоһܰԼɵĶ
ҡЦЦҲڹ۲󣬹ȻͰ˵һͻƵ⾳Žףһﵽ۷壬ĵõǿ֮ҩ˵Ŀųһ»羳ȻͻƵĸʲߡ
ΧʮˣߵľȻҲ⾳߽׵Ϊ
Щˣʵū۵ЩСţ࣬һ⾳
ȻǱūۣѾϰԶޱҳϡ
ЩˣҪǿЩӡ
ΪЩӣЩӰģ޷ūۣȻ϶Ҳ³
ġһָǣŭȵǣһȻҪһ磬Ҳ֪ǲġ
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˵ʲôɫһ䡣
Ҫ˵һЩô˵Ҳ־ǣ־̵͡˵ŵʱ̲סЦ
ϣ˶ǲ˲
ô󣬻ǹģǺɱ㡣
ɱ󶼿ըˣܲ˺úõװˣҴ֪˭޲ɼ
ʮˣһԵĳǡ
ظһߺΣˣһû˵һ仰أǲǰҸˡ
ǿʮɱ¶һ˿ЦݣúãЩǼʶһʲôɷ
˵ţ˼ʮͷ
֮еעȥһͷҫ۵Ľ⣬öĿ
䣡
ʮͷȻΪģÿһͷûȻ⾳׵Ϊ
ⲻʮ䣬ɷ֮


1009 ǾȻ
ӵ漶ԣ˺ܶɷһɷʺġ
֮Ǵɷݱ䡣
νĻһǵһԪԼһȻͨ۳ΣӶսһſֲɷ
һˣ˵ĺķķʵԻ󽵡
ȱľ֮Уǵһϸռ棬̺ŨЩȫ㹻۳ǧҲ˵Ȼ⾳׵Ϊʵһ˾൱һǧ⾳׵ߡ
һǧԲǿЦġ
ϸռ䲻ϵ׳һһʮпܡ
ԣңֻǰûлᷢӳŹֶζѡ
ʮһͬȥӵǵֶΣս֪
ֻ֮еӰȭӰӰӰһǷӳ˿ֲսЩȫǶ֡
½һ㣬һ˴ӿˤѪƮǡ
һɱ̶Ѫȡ
ϣ˶֪Լ顣
ʲôô˼ͷܱʮôǿĻ˸о۶Ҫˣû˵˭սٻһѻɽֵġ
̫ˣǶСɵר꣬СѧԺǾͳ컷СϵʵʱѾɵרѧԺı˿һ⾳ǿ߾⽮ưһһ⾳ϵǿ߾ͳһСϵɱ⾳սûë
ǳϰǾȻϸһսúǾϲ
ǡǸǿʿסеκһˡͨȡս˿̶ظǳ˳ݡ
ʱѾ˫Ѫ죬ðʲôֶΣס֡
ס֣ǸվŲĿ⿴ȥһҲһն룬ĲˣǵĻҲΪľٴλΪһͷֻǿһͷ뵽˾ǱЩͷɱģʵ̫
Ҫŭޱȣһնǣɳĵƿռ䣬ֱնǵؿڡ
ȻһܰǸг롣ǵȴǸû㡣
Ķҡظʱһ̧־һסͬʱһֻӳȥһɫһ㳯ƹȥ
ֳźɫץȥʱɫȴǴ͸ƣ֮УȥҪסꡣ
ʱһɫ΢䡣
ʲôֶΣȻֱӹֱ꣬Ƿ˼
Ҳҵظٿһ󣬿ɾʱֻ귢ҫ۵Ĺâһɫӷɳײ֮ϣһһڽڵĶѿ
£ҲٺظѸٳʮ֮Զ
ظʱȴ۾һԺбûв´ĻӦԴ飬汦а涼мء
汦а֮гһ¼
һ¼˽ֱԴôǧȥȻǼֵơ
ô꣬е㱦ʲôǰѵôҲԭˣͳ컷Сϵô꣬Ҳ֪١ǵ˵ţȻѾУô˵쾡¡
šظ˵ͷӰһɱһ֮նɱȥȻС
ԭ޵Ķ귽۾ţ㿴ظıʣɱôˣ춨ȻҪѪծѪ
֪Щ깥ֻҪȥɲʲô˺Դ鱣꣬ȫûбҪ̫ġ
ɱ籩
һƿռ䣬׵緭ӿγһ׵
ظ֮Уо׵ϣϿʳʹޱȡ
ϳһѪۡ
ظܿȥױ֮УӰӶҲ
ȥɣ
һ׵絶£նظ
أ
ظһȻ˲Ǵﵽ֮ߣĽͬʱ׵絶һӣֱɢ
ʲô⣬ͳͳ
ظɾˣ׵ȻסˣֻӶնǧٿס
ţɫ˲԰ס


1010 컷Сϵ
Ҫ֪ʲôΪ⾳Žףûе۷壬Ҳˡ
ڣһ⾳˽׵ˣȻ򣬺սƽ֣˵·硣
ô룬Ҫ˺òá
ԭ⣬һ
ظɲ֪̣ʱڿ˷ܵؾһ֮ն˹ȥʱҲˡ
󿴵һٻԴ顣

Դ鷢ҫ۵Ĺâظ֮һӴâȻ˲ڡ
֮Уܿ꣬ȻҲһ
󿴵һеóѣһ˳ƾնظҪظն롣
ɾʱһֺȻ͸ռ䣬ֱһץץסǻɢɫâӡ
Դ飬Ҫˡ
ʱϳ֣ԴץУԴ飬
ѣûţ
ﲻף϶ѾԴӡһٽԴ飬ĨµӡС
Ͼ⾳Ž׵ǿߣ뽵ӡǿɲ׵ġ
ʱɷ˵ģתͨԴɵ˵֮С
Դһʱ֮еĸϸǷһߣסԴ顣
һӣԴǱƵסˡ
ˡ˷ܣܸоԴ鱻ģ޷ѣֻҪһʱ䣬ͿԴӡͳͳͨɵ
Ҫظ˿ȴǻ
Դ龹ȻˣȻܸܵԴ飬ȴҲ޷߶
ǰˣ׶Դʲôһɲĸоͷ˲
ɱ
ʱظʾһ˼ͬʱ֡
˵ΪѶֻ̫ɱʵʡ
䣡
Ҳûпٻ˾ŸֱһŹƽ˹ȥ
Ľնɱֻ㡣
Ҳȵķ֣ǵսȻظǵֶκܶ࣬ظв
˵ز˾˶һˣҼսȥֲκκô֮ϸһ£⣬ȻǵˣҲ֪ɽڣûյĵ
Ź
ǲݷѾΧ˺СķΧ
ɱ
ͨתһ̽˾Ź֮Уֱץסؿڡ
һ֮壬ʼһС
ǲ༶
ɫ󾪣ǳ˻֣̿ʱҲ˲ǵľŸˣ־ǳնȥ
ΣôõĻᣬֻҪһӵʱ䣬ܰɳɡ
ڣΪ˲һ㿪
һȥǧԶ
ǵľŸȴǳû˷ý̴塣
оʹһǿȥǵЩ׷ױ
ϧ
ǾǷʵǿһ䣬ܸܳղһӾֻܰ¼ô򵥡
Щƿֲʵû˼ĸָҲǼ顣
ɾǾÿϧʱظҲץסᡣ
ε֮նɱѾûԴػֱ꣬ӾǱ֮ࡣ
ۣ
һѪ³ԹĿǺظȻóһɫСۡ
ظüСʲô˼ͱ˿ռ䣬Ӳ
ãס
ȴ˲ɫһ䣬ϳˡ
С۽ۣ֮һԭؼʱ̿
ʱСۺȻ򿪣һԾ˽ȥ
СʱǱˣҫ۵Ľ⣬Զɶݣһ˲ͻ˿ռ䣬ٶȫ١
ظȻһʱӵǵǵĴֳŽɫСץȥʱ򣬻һ
ˣ
ɸߵظ̲סһ߬ȭͷ⾹Ȼֱγһɷ籩
ˣӾӰɣ
Ҳûظû뵽ı
Ͽģֽۣ֮ʦƳıҪ;ڿռ䱻ʱʹԹٵٶܡȻǱԴֵҲԭԱȵġؼⶫʵϡ٣ϵƫƧ䣬û뵽ⶫ
ϣ˿̾ĵġ
ȻöܣűסһһбҪϵһ¼ˣǿѧԺͻȻ˵ܿͻıϵľơ
컷Сϵˡ˲֪ʧǸˣȻʵ
ѧԺǵʲôһطʱһζѧԺ˺档
ʱǿˡ


1011 羳֮޵
ƺƵʥּ
ӽ컷СϵѧԺΧѧԺֱӹ컷Сϵ컷СϵɵΪԺһ컷Сϵˣеϡ˭ǲҾǵ
һƫԶСϵܳưԣΪܻˣ˭ҷ
˵ʲôǸû
˶ǻ̻̲µĹ̨˭֪ʲô
ߣȥ
ǺظӰһͻصǡ
컷Сϵ棬һ226˿ڹڡЩ򣬼Ȼ컷СϵѾǵĽȻҲҪǽӹܡ࣬ıǿ϶ġĿǰĻҪǾƿЩ򣬿ƻ߸ɴֱµ˵ٺܿ졣
ס
Ϊ컷Сϵǣųó֮ǣԺеӹ϶ҲҪ֤ķ˪ȥϵϵĸ̼ңɴǿһ̸ᣬһǵ̬ȣҪţǻԽԽãǵ档
õġ
ʱĻҪ죬һ㱨
ʵæԴ飬ⶫȻһöڻģʱ˵һ
һȺæ
ȵȣǴˣԸѧԺȻǵǰһսҲû˿ԥ
ŶˡԴĻҲ˵һѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ǩְɡ
š֡
ǵɽȣڴﵽ4/5ֻһǼѧˡ

Դ飬浮ı̺Ӵ󣬶ȼܸߡ˵Դ֮汦аΪ̺֮İ塣ţʼ
ͨתһ硣
Դ֮ڣȫǱڵ׵磬ϸСߣֵȴǾ
ǾȻЩԾĳԽС磬羳߿ûС磬Դ֮ƺһС硣
˼չĦ׵磬˵֮ܲ򣬲ҵѾͣûҪֽ׶ΣҪĻΪŻˣʲô׵֮ͳͳɣתΪҵΪɣ
һ֮磬
֮һһϣһ׵ʳһ壬Ѹٱ
ǵ֮УõЩĹ䣬ȫϸ
ò˵׵Ը壬֮еϸЩһϸռ侹Ȼʼ
ϸǵĽ֮ҲԽԽֲת۾Ѿ硣

֮ţһ֮Ρ
ǵΪʱҲӭͻƣΪﵽ⾳ס
ϸռ䣬Ҳ˿һƵĴС֮һࡣ
˵⾳׵Ļȫһ۳һǧٸ
Ȼûн绹вٵ
ǵΪոͻƣʱܼһ磬Ϊúܿܵ¸ȡ
Ҳ˷Щתͼħ幦
һת壬ʼӹƤѪܡ⡭
ת˼ǷԼĳͼȻҲͻƵ˵ʮأ˾ǲת⾳ϵս
ž
ԴʱӦˣǵ⣬ӡȴɢˡ
ܻɱˣԴü׵ΪĹ⣬ֻһΪԼѳͼ˵ڶأѾˡ
ڵΪ羳֮޵СǸԼһܱصĹƣԺǰԺȨȣһ֮ڣӳһ󾳽սھǲԺȨȣҲԽüսԼʵ˭òߡ

ǳأӭǵֻ˪
ôǻðɣ
Ѿסϵ̼ңʱûΪ컷Сϵ뿪ǡ
ãأɵô
ɵר걻ˣڻҺʵĵ̣ǶӹˣֻһССĵҩӣǲǲ̫ʣ
Ϊɶ˵ʣǶѧԺģٿһһٶƽС̣̫ݡ
ʱȴ۾һǰһƺʵˡ


1012 ɹ
ʱЦЦ˵öԣȻǳ۵ɵֻ࣬һС꣬ȷʵò֡˵ʵɣһֱѵCBDҵĵľӪģʽ뵽֮㿴ǵûµʱ̳۾۲ͣöСʣ֮ȴѵĵطȻˣΪʲôǲԼĵط
Ŀô
ΪʲôУ컷Сϵǵģôô裬˭ܹǡȥɫһطԺǵĽһлǵַչģʽ
Ҳԣ⻷ģûʲôȫУǵĽɲܻˣõķɺƶȣܱ֮˼á˵ҪɫطҾȫˣôĵطһCBDҵȫ㹻ˡ
ǵ˵ͷʱȻյϵͳ
֧ǴһҵġҪפ̼ҳһҡʮŶ򿨣츳Ƭһɷ
һ񣬾֮ϲ
û뵽ܴ񣬶Ľ
˵ģ츳ƬܿɹĶǸһѧʹãѧǵ츳һ̨ס
ھΪҲҵĸ
ҵףڵΪݴ֮ȫ˲һһ̼פͲˡЩ֮еߣʲôҵģǽȥƻûмԸģǵҪ϶ܸߣȻǿʼҲʲôèפȻԼơ
ˣһҵCBDͼֽʱ졣⣬ϵһЩ̼ңǵǣԸԸפˣҩİȥŮ˺ҰҩһƣǰҩԸפŲ˻ġ
á
˪æǱе뷨Ҳֻܴסˡ
֮Ǿõͼֽ
ŶƵͦ΢΢һЦôһôŶǴ˵е칬һһģǽҵĻû֣Ǹɴͽɹɣ˵֮еɹ鹹ģס˵ģȴġ
ɹͦ˪߶һ£˿߲ĽǷ۴αȣȷʵܺʡ
ȥ죬ôĹҪʱ䣬װޣͲܽˣҪȥϵˡеĻֱӴӵˣҶôĽҲóˡЦЦ˵ĵҲʵ
Ѿϵˣڵ֪﷢ʲô˪ЦЦ
ôǻûиߵǱߣǺ
ôϢȻӦص˪ЦЦ֪ǿܲ£Ƕڵô飬ǲ棬ᰲġϾһӣɾǰѵĽ˼ǧ
ԭǻʧְˡһ޿κεӣ˸ĸ߲ͨȻٻȥ
á˪Ӧȥˡ
һҷɴ뿪ǡ
ɴ棬߸ѧԺѧһҶİ˪ص

ãѧԺж꼶ѧҶİܸܼ㡣Ҷİǰվһλߣ£Ϊƶȸı䣬ڲְµޱ䳤ҲﵽڣεĻ¡
ãҶİͬѧѧԺѧҶ˽⡣ҶİͬѧܽѧԺж꼶ӵеɵΪҲǴˡЦЦѧԺԤĹҶþûмѧԺˣ֪ҶİͬѧѧԺʲôҪϵô
ȷʵϣǴ¡Ҷİһӣ˿ĸҲڣһʮˣΪ˴£²ǲҪ̡
Ҷİͬѧʲô飬㾡˵ҲûˣѧԺԵıӣǶģ˵ѧԺǵ˵ػ񶼲ࡣѧԺʲôʲô飬Ǿ϶ҲԶˣܼģһüᶨؿǵҲǵ˵ͷ
ûôأʵѧԺڻĹǱߣΪһСϵĽҪȥȻˣЩǿԺ˵ΪԺҪصͨ飬ҾǹȸѣԤ롣Ҷİ΢΢һЦȴ˲Դ崻ˡ


1013 䶯
һСϵĽɶ
˵ģһСϵһٶǧţϵϰ٣缸ľ롣
ζʲô
ӴԴ˾ӵ
Ȼ߳˵򣬵ӵеĽҲǼϵأ򲻵ʮ
ôһֱ洦ڸ״̬֮лһСϵأȫһˡ˽ǰǵԪħʵҲӵϰٸϵضѡ´˿̼ޱȣΪ֮Ժ
ԪħʲôѧԺȫʵǡҾ˽⣬ѧԺѧԪħѾƿԪħĶսڲϵԪħĹźܿ죬ԪħҲҪΪǵһ֡Ҷİ˵ţԪħ˱ġ
ѧԺѧƿԪħսˣ̫ˡЩǵˣһҪѪĽѵһĽ˿̳ǵʵһԴɱԪħǺֵ򡣡
ԺȱսĻᣬǻҪʵҶİ˼һ£ϾѧԺֻһߣǿԺ׵ĻһСϵأԺϵĿȨЩѧԺ׷ģԺһлҪ
ǶһѧԺС´ͷ֤ѧԺŨŨľ⣬ûѧԺҲûڵĵߣͱˣ࣬ʲô֣Ҳʹ֮ʧˡеˣҲ֪㡣
ǾͺãһҪѧԺǡҶİվ԰͵ſڣȻֻѧԺ꼶ѧŵɾΪֵóߵ˵ҶİǴѧԺ
Ҷİߺ¼ͨ죺ôһСϵأһСϵأȫǵˡǵ˲߳ãھӵôĽǶôĵһ顣ѧԺԺҪصôʱһҪóȫ顣
Ҳǵ˵ͷ˷ܡ
¼ȴǸ˵ͬʱΪ쵼ߣϣҲҪǣǵн죬˭Ĺ͡
ǣ
˶飬ڵСѧ֪ô¡
һ·ǿ󣬶ѧԺĻӣûѧԺûе
˵ĻĬĬͷ
˲ô˵Щĸ߲һܷͿһҪһ˳ӡ
϶ޱֵһ죬ҲҡϾϢ𾪣֪ͨڵʱʲôӦѧԺȸǴһԤ룬ҲҪڴһԤ롣˰һ£΢͸¶һϢ΢и׼°ŵԵúǡ
ţȥţ治֪ǻλڡ˵֪ش

ƶ£Ͼը˹
˵ô˵ѧԺڻĹ֮⣬Ϊǵ˻һСϵءһǼ̳棬в˷ܵš
һСϵأǸǶ󣿡ĳԹȺڱʾǺܶ
¥ϵģҸһ£֮УϵĴϵСϵЩСϵСҲǧ򣬺缸ꡣСϵ򣬺ϰٹꡣĳȽϹע򻮷ֵѻظ
찡ҪĻǴǵĽһ˽򱶡ĳжڷӦ˻ظЩ
ܿģ˵ѧԺһλѧ͸¶ģŶȺܸߡ˿ʼ˾͸ģʽԵøĪ⡣
ȷĸǣǧȷҸھС̷ֶӾѧԺѧѾʹˣʾʲôԺĽ򻹻󼸸СϵķΧĳԴ˵ţȫŪԼϵѧԺѧ
ȥ¥ϵĺţƣģ100ҵ̳ҡ˻ظҲ׷׸͡

ĳƵվҲбЩš
ҺãСţӽ翪ʼϷ贫һϢϢѧԺΪһСϵءһϢվ෽֤δõȷеĴ𸴡ģԤʾǵһСתΪһӴСԴ˷ܵ˵Ϊһĵϣģأ
ٵƵվͬҲڱ
ڼҵţȴ˿ֻ֪Ҫȵ죬𰸾ͻ


1014 ſĳʽ
һģȻѧԺѧ
ѧԺ֮УѧΪΪѧԺѧеԺҲԼԺʹ
Ͼ˵ѧԺǵػ񣬲˵ǲǡ
ǼңǵĸĸһֱС
֣ôпմѧԺˡǵĸ׺Ӣѯʵ
ҸأһΪҸѾؼءЩʧҲ컷Сϵ飬Թ뿴һǣ˳һ
ûҲûˡĸ׺ӢЩεæò񻰣ڶҪػ治Ժ˵Һ̷Ҳͨˣôһǰһ˵СǿתֻǴͶ̥ǼҶѡ
ԭҲôΪģҲҸ粻Ӧͨˣ̣ҸʱɶûУЩ
СѾͷǻӻҪ˵󣬵УҹϵĺܣĹԶסˣȻ̷ҲǡӢ˵ţƺ˵ĳ
СϹˣСǳʱŸɺϸƲʣǲŹ֡ǵĸԼĶгϢˣƺ˶񻰣ڹǵĴ˵ԽԽ࣬׵˵ϵʴתȻ˭һѧԺ
˵ˣǵġӢһۣȻĳ˵֣ԺҲнȥģһҪ糤ɱǰٱѧԺѧϰ꣬ٿ˽ѧԺ
̣ܲô⻰ֱĶӡ
Ѿͷǹ龫ֵĺܡ϶˵СΪһСϵأҲ֪ǲġĸ׺ӢţûпȥԻͨһڹ
ģȻֶȴǿһУԽԽǿˣԽԽˣ֪СǵĵҲԽԽˣ˥Ҳһ֮䡣ǰһڵҲزȥˡ
ǰĸ׺ӢҲ̾һ
СǣԺɱţȻıһ񻰴˵ûڵġԴѵ˵
֪ˣ֪ˡĸ׺ӢȴЩͷôԼĶӻдˡ

ڶ죬Ϣڷ͡
ʮһʮ
ѧԺԺķɴѾˣ¼ѣǻʲôǵĽȥӭӣͬʱøðȫ
õģ³ü˴Ҵж

ѧԺԺķɴˣһҪýһӵĶӳԼʻɴӭȥ
ǹҵġȻڷɴ棬ܿһһһٶҵķɴڳһӭͼ
ѧԺԺػ㳡ʲô˪ЦЦ
̫ˣֱӸǣùǣʮʱһ׼ʱڵϿգ򵥵һԡʮ룬õĸ߲ң컷СϵİţЩҪǡǳ˼һ¡
õġ˪˵ͷ˶ս
ӭӣӵĶӳΣһʱ˵
ȻѧԺԺˣǾˡ»ظ⣬ǼѲӣػ
ǣ³ӶӳӦýɢ

ˡ˪˿Ĵ㣬ǧҾķʮСʱѲߣȷİȫ
ǳȥɡ˵ţ߳˷ɴɴս˿ռָ϶֪ҵĵҪһЩСȻˣƲҷƲʸǳ˸
ǵĻ䡣
쾰۵һ飬˶𾪵Ŀա
ʱһӨ͸ĽݴӴֱӵ˵Ͽա
˪ǣһ
棬ѾĿɿڴ⵽ʲôֶΣֱǾס
ֳʽܾſᡣ
Ө͸Ľݾͷһӣ滭׻ȸͼڣӺĿȴοյһ֡Ӳ󣬵ǺبڿУӭ̫Ĺԣɢž˵Ĺâ
ǺȻ֮ϣ˪վһԡ
ûܿ˵ݣȴ֪ϵǸ˾ѧԺԺ
ΪѧԺԺûʸڵϿգ
ˣȴѾµ˽ᷢʲô


1015 ǻؼ
ǵʶһɨ֮¡
뿴ܿ󺣵ʯɫܿï΢Сӣܿκϵëס⾳׵Ϊ׵ƿһ򣬲һĴ֮ͬΪˣ޷ȵġ
ܴѾµˣҾѧԺԺҳΪ˸֪еһ顣ѧԺѾڻĹ֮⣬ΪһСϵءܿĻҲлȥĹ֮⿴棬壬ĻͬҲΣǵ˵ţȴը˹
˱ΪѧԺΪһСϵأֻҥԶѡ
ȴ֪⾹Ȼģܲô
ǵҪΪˣֱһһͨԱȭͷ˿ԺĹң壬Ѿ֮ˡ
˭뵽ǵྐྵȻô֮ˡһжΪѧԺѧԺӣԪħֵʱΪԪħūˡǵԽԽãԽԽǿǸҪϧǡһ߸ԼѧԺСѧѧϰӡ
ûѧԺûеϣѧԺԺԽԽǿ󡣡ĵף֪һжΪʲôֻѧԺǿˣܸӵʢѧԺһʧ˵ǵƾʧҲԶˡ
ǿ˵ķӦҲЩԺһСϵأڵȥһСѡ֮зϢҪռݸزСһпʲôֻпʵ磬ֻǿ߲ӵʵԣÿһ˶ҪŬҪΪǿߣϣδ
ĬĬͷî˾
Ϊǿߣػػ࣬Ϊ򿪽϶ڵĺ˼ˡ
֮ܲ㣬վҪԼѧԺһ·˶ѣԸÿһλ๲㡣˵ŵʱ˪͸ֱʧգ֮еĸҲ漴ʧ

Ǽҡ
裬ǶءǺ˪˽ȥҸ컷СϵĶһֺܲĵģǳ
ˣҺųԲ˵ĶɼæҡͷȤ
⻰˵ģСǺò״ôԶĵطģ㲻ϲԣԺˣҲԸ˳ô˵Ҳϡĸ׺Ӣ¶ŵ¥µĴؼ䣬棬ˣܶ඼ǴӸġ
λܴãѯʵ
죬컷Сϵһѵ飬æһҴȥ䡣룬֪ѧԺĲ׳ܴڼҵʱԽԽ̡
ŶæԼľУڼҺû¡룬Щɬ˵
֣˵ˣһһ㲻ʳģշ˪ȥ裬㲻Ǹ˼ܲ·ôʱѵ˪⻰ʱһ죬ǵĸĸȴǸ˻ˣϱǵõӵĳˡ

棬æ
ȷǴ컷Сϵ˲ٵʳģЩʳľǶǼֵơ
ͨѶȻһ¡
һ˶ˣһԼ˵ĸ߲Ҫ顣˵ţֱͨ˵Ļһٶĸ߲ڵˡ
ǵӰͻȻ֣ӣ
ǿڵӣʱЩЦãڴʵʱӰ񣬻ĳ
˼λѵûһΣԼ³ռˣӾͺáǵ˵ţĵӷɿĴһʳ滮컷СϵҸոѾͬ˵Ͽ⣬ڿȿһ£ʮ֮УٸǽһҵĿ
һȺ߲ȥǱǼķ
ʮӺ
̧ͷĲ˵ѧԺȻΪһСϵأһСϵȴô׵ģⷽʵҵ뷨ǣ˹ȥǵɹȥĹߣѧԺŵѵ⣬ҲҪǿʵĿǰĻʵѴõĻǹһЩǿū
µ˵ͷЩӦõģҲһĴѧר˲š
ǾܺãԡһԶƻڲõĽøĽ컷СϵǿθС˶ѡ
²һ£һСϵأֻǿθСˣ


1016 ѧ
ǿڣ˶ŵӣ˳ְϵΧȹˡ
Ӱһ
ԺվԵúǹ
ǲԹˣǿǸոյӣҾԼбҪһˡǵ˵ţֱӸԼһλҸո˵컷СϵǿθСˣô֪ô֮жٵСϵжٵϵϵĴϵΪ򻮷ֵġ
棬ѻȸ˶ס˺
һϵôĽǸӴ۹֮һȣȫһ
ǿܾڴţʵѧԺѾƻһСͼ컷СϵһֱԪħƬʮ߸СϵһУһӴͼЩСϵˣҪôĳǿߵ˽أҪôĳĽһ⣬ЩСϵͳߣǿ羳ûС
ǲǺܾȣʵ֮УЩϵƫԶش⾳ǿ߾ܳưԡǼ˵ţԣֻҪѧԺһ羳ǿߣ컷Сϵʮ߸СϵܻǵĽ򣬶ҲѧԺһƻ
Ѿ4/5ֻҪ񣬾ܻһŻ羳￨ƣǡҲʣһŽ
ֻҪٻһλ羳ʦʱʮ߸Сϵȷʵס
¹һ£ЩԺ˵öԣ۽̫СˡҪ֮еǿ壬ҪϵˣֻռʮСϵأʲô
ҲǷ׷׵ͷǵĻǿ޵δ
ǵ˵ͷǻ˽棬Ƚӹ컷Сϵ֮Ƕȥʶһ£ʱǾͲˡ֮ǰ˵ЩҲʲôԺҪʲôгһϸļƻԺͲãˡ
ǣԺ
ţҵҪˣͲǶ˵ˣɣ
Ӱһص˼ԼķԱѾ˪͸ĸЦƺĵúܿġ

ѧԺ֮С
ѧ࣬ʦҲڲ࣬СѧʦҲ˳в
ñȴĦѧԺʦƽ֮Ȼһ·˵ɾ磬Ϊ˳вʦ
ñѰҲӶ꼶ʦתΪ꼶ʦҲ˵Ҳɾ硣
ñȰպŷٹҲΪ˳вʦ
Ϊ˳вʦ֮ʦǵֻǿò˵ϵͳʦĲǺʴȡ
ǻ˵ʦӵż޾Ҳһּˡ
ǵİ칫ңڲ鿴ѧǽ
ѧǱֶܺãֻмѧΥصУΪһŮѧŹģǾȵķ֣ŮѧѾѣļҳšˣѧԺͬǵͬʱǸһ洦֡
Ȳ衣˪ݹһӡ
ţݵģѯʵͦԺЩҪæԼСҿһܿˣҵԼҵԼĳɾͣһԼҪˡ
֪ˣҲֻ˳æ˳ָһ衣˪ǸжһѣȻԽԽˡ
Ŷǲʲô飿Ǻѯʵ
ҵݽһѧ룬֪յûУ˪ѯʵΪ֮ύˣⶼȥ죬ҲûмѧԺжԲŹһ¡
ûСǷ˷ԼԱߵһļȷʵûмرһ£һ³֪顣
ܿ죬͹ˡ
ԺɶʱصѧԺģЦЦЩȡ
һʱӦû˲ֻ֪ûѧԺѡǵôĶų֪˵ûõˣ˪ύһѧ룬㿴ûУ
Ժ֪ˡһ³ǰ˼Ժ飬˪ѧԺѧ֮һιѧ᳤һŮŵ糤νǸϵشûдκԭ˵ѧѧֱǷ졣ҺѧԺʦˣѧ
˵󣬳ܼߡ
ŶЩʦ׼˪ѧ
ϵж꼶ѣǲܿԻǰ̡ΪѧԺԺֹ˪ɵߵ˵ţܵǣˡ


1017 ѧʦտ
˪ѧȻģǿ϶֧˪ġ
ڳǰ˵Щȥֹ˪ѧⲻǴôֱǰԺӰ
˪Ĺϵֱֲ˵ˣȫƿԡ
ʦȻȥɣһؿǵġǻ˻֣Щͷ˵Ǻģ˪ѧԺŮѧǵıˣҪѧˣѧԺŮô룬⻹ǵһѧ˶ѧԺɡ
Ժ˪Բѧŵʱ򣬻ǿ

㶼ˣѧԺʦǺ֧ܲѧǿ˿߳˪ΪһѧѧҾֱӲݲ£СѧԺȻԺѧԺҲҪģЩʦǲԸġ
˪Щ֮ɫ̫ˣθ鷳ˡ
ܲ鷳ôֻһʼ
ǳ񲻻Ѷʦ϶ҲģһϷǰ
㻹㣬ҪѧԺЩʦǺѧ϶Ź㡣룬ʱȽ٣ʱҲûлؼңˣ齻
š˪˵ͷˣˡؼҡ
õģס¶һҶ

졣
ԺôǴĦһͷ˽ģׯϡ
Ħʦ£̧ͷͣĹ
˪Ҫѧ飬ǳʲôԭǿдͬ⡣˪ʲôѴѧԺһԵѧǿ϶ǲܵģѧԺʲôˣǲǹϾϣҲʤأĦ
ʦעУעСǲ˲ɶʱĦ˶ôǿˣ⻰˵ģȾĲᡣ
ûһѧѧһ룬ѧԺҪ׼ֱǿЦĦյҴ˪Ŀγ̣ΪһʦҪΪԼѧ𡣶Ҿ飬϶ʲôԭ˵˪ܵʲô˵ɱΡ
ȿȣĦʦҪԴȡǲ˲оЩӦˡ
ҵ̬ȣҲǿдʦ̬ȣ˪ģԺøϽ˰ҹѧԺṼκһѧҲϣκһѧѧԺԺ϶ҲΪġĦ̬ȼᶨһҪΪ˪ӣǸ֪˵ʲôá
ǵģǵġæ
Ħߺʮʦˡ
һΪ˪飬ʦвǣ˵ҪǸҲѧԺѧķչ˪ѧĻǾͰտΡ
һǸоȴһ̶ۡ
ȻûõĽ취Ǹŵ˵ڶ죬ȴǱø
ѧ
˵ô˪֮ҪѧΪ컷Сϵʱ򣬱ĴҮΪ˪һˣѧԺĺȡ˵ʱô죬ֻѧʵңҲġ̾һЩ߷߲ƽ
ֲ˪ѧһֱûг֣϶ǱϳΪǻᳰЦһȻӣǵģѧô룬ĳΪ˷ˣЩͬѧҲᳰЦһ취Ϊ𡣡
̫ˣѧԺڶûһ̬ȣѵķѧ㣬ѧôѧΪѧԺô࣬ѧ᳤Ǽ꣬ܶ˶ܹĶ飬ڵѧƶȣƶġһŮߵҲǸͬܡ
ĿеѧԺһĵطûζ
ѧԺ̬ȣǺʧ
鷢ҪѧԺĸ߲֪ǵ뷨һվԺ칫ڵķ
˪ѧΪѧԺô࣬ӦܵĴղǸܴŮһӦߣһЩͬѧѧԺ˵
ã֧֣
Ҳ֧֣˪ѧ㲻ѧ
һȺҪѧԺҪһ˵ǵ˻ҩͰһ˲ѧԺըˡ
ѧ׷ӦЩϿεѧҲɴ಻Ͽˡ
ЩʦҲͬ˪ѧʱյһɴֱӰտΡ
ǣѧԺʷϵһεʾڼѧ֮¸ٳˡ
һʱ䡣
ѧʦտΣֻΪ˪
˴¼дѧԺʷ֮УڡõԺƪһֱȥֱġ


1018 ׷
ǻ֪δӰ죬Ǵ˿Լİ칫֮УоԼͱһѧǱʦǰտΣֱҪĽࡣ׵Щѧ棬鶼
ڵˣҲɱɱɱ
ǶѧԺʦѧԺѧԼȻûκεİ취
ڣҲòԼԤҲ֪ĸļһȻҮ˪Ϊ鴫ѧԺǸһѻ𡣿ǻ׷ѧϾѧҲֻһƬģֻΪ˪
˪Ե̫ˣžǻˣѧҲ취ġһûҪΪˣѧŽᣬԺ֮УǻЭܲЩ۸
ֻôȻһĪչ
ʱǰȻ۳һ˵ӰȻ
Ժ΢΢ǷѧԺ֮УҲòˡ
ˡŶȻֻһƷǵɨһ۾ͿǰҴҲܿڵΪܿ죬Ŭȡͻ⾳ʱܶһˡԣѾܶһˡԪħʽô㸨жϣԪħ»ʣ
жûʵԪħʶ£ֻǲȡҵĽ飬ԪħԱߵĲʨ˲ʨʵѡҸҲֻԪħĹΪǵռԪħ׼񵭵˵ţȫǳء
֪ıԣѧԺһ̸ĭһ㡣ԪħʱҪСģ⼸棬΢ٲ³ѵЩˣⰲһǲʲô飿
ǵġ˵ͷ˵˪ҪѧΪһѧѧϣǳʲôԭԺҪٸ˪һλᡣ˪һˣάϵ˼ʹϵ棬öҪãѧԺ棬˲٣û˻κεңźܲľ츳֮лкܶ෢ӵĵط
ԭһȻΪ˸˪ġǿЦãоϣ㲻ôֻ࣬ҪǲѧԺѧԺҲṼκһѧ
лԺʹΪɢ֮С

ߣǿ˿ҦܾȻ硣
һӰ񣬳ǰ
ڵҦܣƺһɽһķ棬·ϻһЩѪա
ʲô׷ɱǿҪӵӣɫλãȥ
Ժû¡һؾӵʲô׷ɱؾ޸䵽ˡģ澺Ľ̹ٿأĳΣգһᱻͻȥġҦܺٺٵָԼιһŵҩ
ˣôпո绰Ǻ⺢Ͳʡô
ոһͨѶѧ˵˪ҪѧҪѧɣҿܾͲˣ˪˺ܺãҿɲʧȥ㡣̼ǵڸѧʱ˪ͰҺܶ࣬Ҳҵļܶ࣬ЩҶġʵֹңЩѧļˣ˪㶼һİѧĸĹ˪ŵġҦ˵ĺƽЩƾѧԺʦ֪ܶ
ţѧԺؿġǳ˼һ£
ԺǾˣѧԺ˪ѧġмɽˣҪսͲ˵ˡһԺǸѩǧ鵽˶ޱѧԺˣ˵鷳Ҧ˵ţɽ⣬Ÿ߶ȵľ衣
֪ˣѧԺӦԵģú˵ţжƵ绰
ţǾȻֽӵʮѧѶϢ
Щѧһⶼ˪
Ժѧ˵ˣҪǲһ˵ǾԺ칫ſڲˡţʦҲǿҪһ˵ȻûϿΡǰ˵
㲻ңǳɫƺЩ
ⲻǱȣҲһǿѧԺǾᣬÿ˶бԼ뷨ȨЩѧΪ˵ΪะŴ󲿷˶һüͷѧԺһԵ޹ѧǾǿȥЩʦҲȥǿƻӦ
֪ˣ˪ѧˡǵɫȻҲޱǿӲ


1019 ͽ
⻰鲻ԽǵΪʲô
ǿųĿûôΪʲôԺҾ˪ѧͿѧ˪ѧϷȴ˵ıңΪҵ˪ѧǿ˪ѧԺʦѧøɵô
񲻽һֻǲ˪ѧ
Цǲ˪ѧѵǾҾ˪ѧˣԼ뷨ԺǿЦ֮ΪһѧԺԺûԼľϡ˪ѧԭ򶼲֪һĺϷҿ޴
񲻾ɫ԰ףȻԼ̫뵱Ȼˡ
ǰǺ˵ǰʱҲֳԼΪԺǿơ
Ժûб˼ǡ
Ҫ˵ôûˣԼжңǾһȺ֪ӡ
˵ţֱקų͵˰칫档
ԶȥѹѹһƬ¼ʦѧѧԺһ롣
Ժˡ
Ժ˪ѧѧ
˪ǱΪѧԺҲ˲顣
֧˪ѧԺһůĴͥ޹κˡ
ǿ˿ǰ׵ļˣŮŵĴѧˡԱߣмʦҲɿ𣬿ǵӣ֧ȺѧϹ֡ԶΧ۵ʦѧҲһǧˡ
ѧԺӰˡ
ǿЩʦѧֱӾǺȵһĶұ죬˭ٸ˵֣Ȱˡ
羪ףѧʦһ
Ϭɨһʦѧʲô֪Ǿ͸ҰտУǵ׳ûУѧԺôһȺ˵ʲô˪ѵͲ룬ΪʲôѧΪҮϳΪͼüһȺ˵ıԺľϣ˭ǵĵӣǲԺǲѧԺ
ѧʦѾŵɫ԰ס
ǻмֱǿٵͷһء
˪ѧԺ
˵ţһֻ˺˿ռ䣬һռͨ˪˳
˿˪Щԡ
չʾһΪ
š
һǿϢӳȥ˶оˣͬǳж꼶ѧ˿̶ɫһ䡣
˪ڸǿˣǱΪǳʮȫ衣ٲ²˪ΪΪϣѧԺܴӦ˪ѧѧ˿Ǻ޲Ҹֱ̫꣬ˡǸȫϹֲ࣬Ժ
Щѧʦ̫ʧˡһ϶ܵγˮȻǵһΣʶӣҾԲ顣ЩˣͳͳҽǵһԲʮС磬úҾ˼
һȺѧʦΧƬ̼侹ȻѾǶתƣʱת
ôǲǾúףͷ᣿ǳ̫뵱ȻˣȻǳͷôǻȥһСռ䣬ҽ·׵磬˪ǵԪò䣬ܿͻͨˣʱǻûʾʱôӲ
ѧǡʦǶŵɫ԰ס
û䣬Ϊ˵׵磬˪ȶӻǵԪأֱƣߡǵʱٲά裬ǰЩͨ˶ûУϾͨҲʱգ
Ϊ֮
˵ţͨתԲʮС磬˲ʧ
漴ռ׵ѩ꺮˪ʼ۶ֱʦѧк
ͽ䣬ʼˡ
ǻصԼİ칫棬оЩƣ
ҸоԼ˶ˡ˪ɥվֹЩѧȴǸ£ӦͼƻһС
û£ҲΪǺãΪһѧԺѧȻұԺˣǰԺʲôˡҸǴεʱʱҺ˵ΪһʦⲻûԭûԼǳ֮һ仰Щѧʦá
ͷǶã˪ε
ɶʱ֪ԼˣɶʱǻǵߣؼңѧԺ⼸죬ɨ˵ĺܡ
֮СС
ˣҵԪľˡһ꼶ѧͷɢ̱˵ϣϻб׵еĺۼҲˮݣԱߣһ꼶ѧΪס˼׵Լȭͷı


1020 ֪ˣ
Աߣٵ꼶ѧ˿̶˱ıԵ
񿴵һĻʦԼѧǶţԺȻǳͽǣʵҲڿǣʱǲܾ򵹡ʵǾǴˣǵǺõģѧԺĿڣԺ϶Ҳ׵ġʱǸҪŽᣬ꼶ѧ꼶ѧʦǱѧһͬȹѹء
Ҵͷ꼶ѧ
ңҵܳ棬ֵܵ졣
ҼסҪԺѧԺѧʦҵ

һں
Ųסˣһһ꼶ѧɫף۾ڰͷǼһҲʮʦԼж꼶ļѧܼ֣չȥ죬˶ΪԪľʧȥ
ݣԺһ̫ˣǰĵȷǹ֣ŭԺˡҲ⣬ô˲ףʲô飬Ҳһ꼶ѧ˼Щǵˡ
ǰǹ˪ûȴô˷ʽԺͽҲһԿ԰ѧԺĹ涨죬ûУǲȡּ˵ƺҲڸǣڵΪǵʱһ޶ѧһ糤˼
ǺڰΪʲôûж룬ͳԼһ²⣬͸һȺ£ϵЩʲô𣬼һޡԺγͽǣڸǣҪԼơһСѧ꼶ѧòѧ޲ñһ١

ԺɺðһȵŮ߽ǵİ칫ҡ
һɣ˵Ϻòãÿ컹һæǳԲԲʦôпչˡСѧʦΪ˳ʦҲҪŬСǵԼҸλ°ɣѧԺʱ٣Сѧͻؼλʦ𡣡
ӦõġԲԲŤСǶ档
˵ɣΪʲôֻҪֵ̫ҪҿȥһӦ㡣ǿ˿ԲԲԳԲԲ⣬һţǿ϶ҪģñǰӸ컷Сϵ
Ժ˵ģôȻԺ˵ˣ룬һ飬óʱûмˣҵѧԺǷôԲԲ˵ŵʱϸǵ۾ϻЦ⡣
ԭģǱ黹ãûһ㣬ǰСľ󣬡㿴ǻúõģͽԶûеʱ򡣡
Ժ治ͨͨڣԺӦǣūҿŶԲԲȻ˵
ҪǶؼˣʦôпգϷԺˣǲҲȥǡǳʦԸĻһȫġǶԳԲԲһˡ
û˵ټԲԲŵվɲȥŰ
֮
񣬼ֲȥˣҵҲľˡɳƵڵӣģ˫۲Ѫ˿˫ֵָҲѿˣ·ò񻰣һֻЬҲ֪ȥˣȫ¾ûһɾĵط
Ҳǣҵ׵˭οɽЦѣǿˣηվģҪôЩرԵѧҪôЩԵʦ㿴ɽ졢λʦһͶԶԶģ˵ĸ￴Цء
ܣһĬ
ԺѧѾˣѧ˺صƣͷŹǰɣ̫ˣԭ£´ҲˡԨȻպٵѧϣĿա
֮һ֪ˣ
С˾ǻһ顣
֪ˡ
Ҳˡ
ûӣǾǴԺŹ
ѧʦ׷׿ڣЩѧѧҪ޳ˡ
ܼôãЩҵϡ˾ǴˣڴǣҲκεĺڡһСʱǾСʮˣŬŬһСʱܳŹȥġ˭ǿ֢ôһСʱѧԺǣʱҲ˪¼Ĵ
һСʱ
˻࿴˿Цѡ
Ѿˣ˵һСʱʮӶһּ尾
ɾʱȺһеʦѧôֻҪټһСʱǾܻѧԺˣʮǶܼѵһСʱ岻ɡҸҿ϶Ժ͵ſǵЦǲܱÿ˶óԼŬһѡ
ϸȥ⾹Ȼǳһ꼶һѧӵдĺݡ


1021 մ
ѧԺ֮Уĺݿ˵Ǽ֮һΪ˺ˬѧ֮УСѧĺݵĻһȺѧҧҧҲĺ˵̫ˣһСʱֲסǻʲôȥ
סеġ
ûʲôܴǣԺҲС
Ұеۼһȫ
һȺʦѧܵ˸ȾϵŽһʱǾһܲ͸ǿһԵֿκιĶܣǷ׵磬ѩ˪޷ǡǽȭͷǵȻѾȴǻһζ޷Ϩ

һСʱ
һͨС磬ֱͨǽ¡
Ӯˡ
Ǽˡ
ߣлŵģͷͦغһȥ
һ̽ǵҲޱ̹飬Ľ˳ͽ䣬һ
ѧԺĹ㳡ʦѧעͨ
Ȼѧ˳
Ϊ׵һѧĺݣ·ˣЬˣϻʮ׵еĺۼҲѿˣ߳ͨһ̣վıֱ˱࣬ǿľˣر߽ʿ˶ܸо˵ı仯
ĺԱߣѧԺСѧѧǻţ󲻱ĺݺõȥĺݶ硣ǰӵϣʮа˾Żᱻ˵ؤǺĺһȫûκεǷ֮ɫ˫ĿԵþ
˳ˣΧ۵ʦѧǴ˿̶Щ˵ľ˱仯
ȻǱȻԪľȻ²壬мĶӻɽһɱ䣬øӳˣаȫУҲӵšվÿ˶ǰֳé®Сӣһеˡ
Ƿǿǣʳһ仰
ЩʦѧǲϾܵôصĳͽ䣬ĵһ仰ǰοǷǲ˵Ӧ÷ŭŶԡʵϳ˼ѧ󲿷ֵʦѧЩֱǡ
ȷʵ֪ˣǾͺáǼȫԴ𣬡ε˪ѧ¼еĳͽ͵˽Ժκʦѧٶκεɡ˪ѧһµĴ˴ҲѧԺմκ˲顣
ʦѧǶʱ©һ֡
˪ѧһ£ѧԺ¡˪ѧѧԺ涨ѧԺ˪̸֮Ҳȷ˪ѧᶨѧԭѧԺͬ˪ѧ룬Ժ˪ѧԺѧѧѧԺˡ
ʦǺѧǶ⣬Ϊ˪ϧ
һȺʧǵʦѧǣ΢΢һЦȴֵ⻹Ҫһ飬ǵѧԺ֮вҵ࣬ѧԺΧѧԺҵӪѾǲɻȱһ֣ѧԺоʦƼƸѧԺԭ꼶ѧ˪ΪѧԺҵӪܸˣͬʱƸ˪ΪѧԺԺ飬ְѧԺԴˡ
ܺȻĵģһȺʦǺѧǶɵˡ
ѧȻƸεѧԺ⵽Ҫ֮ǰͷʾʦѧ˿п˵ʶˣߵһ·ǾԺ·ѧԺ˾Ҳɵ飬ײǹϡ
̫ˣ˪ѧ㲻ˡ֪˭һڴգ˵ҲӦ˹ŻЩǱʦѧǣ˿ҲΪķתϲҲùǰ˵æǺõģ㹻ˡ
һʱ䣬ѧԺմﵽһǰδеĸ߳
ǵӰʱȴǲˣԲ飬ظĸо
ļ졣
ЩǳͽѧʼʱǾȵķ֣ΪԪľԪȻһɡѧ˳ͻ˾磬ʱһȺʦѧǶ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԤıԤıġ֪ڰ칫˵˼ٲȻǱòᣬǳԷһ̫ˣͻǱʶĴ洢ܰԪȫĸɾ巴취ȡǵԪͳӣΪҲһڿԺ˵Ǵǣʵڱİ
óۣ˶Щˣģ


1022 轨裬ɹ
ô˪ѧվǸһˡ֮У˶ջЩǳʹѧҲûκεԹԣһﰵмǡڽһ׮֮ǻǰתƵ컷Сϵϵͳһһ֧񻹵ȥɡ
Ժȥĵһ˲ţǴڵ֮ѡģƷѧţΪڵҲǰμġ¶ǵЩԺǵĵһһˣνǰ;
ţǾͽˡǵ˵ͷֻҪЩ˽м򵥵ѵЩ˵Ĵǣһˮƽԭ١Ͼڹѧ棬ԼصѧʣЩѧǿʺϵĻ
˸ˣǵϽܳʦԺɹ֮һᾡȫɹװ޵ľƾ¼һһ˸˸ǣ˸Ѿ͵ǩЭ飬ȥѧԺæǵıߵһۡ
áǵ˵ͷû飬Ǿˣ컷Сϵȶӭȥָ
һһЦڴ

ɴ뿪˵򣬽֮С
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ϣһ죬֮ܵеκһطȥ
ҪôҸоɴ˺üοռԾɴܿá
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ôһΧܱߵЩǷɴô
ǵİ뾶ǵʮǿԱȽһ¡
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ɣԺֻҪϹСǵӹ컷Сϵ֮ΪūĻǰūƶȿ϶ѴȥūӶҪ컷СϵڵΪ˹ҪȻҪūЩūȴǵĺͬԱֻҪһޣ˵ǵĻѣǾͿתΪˣΪǵĺϷ
һȺ߽𾪡
ڵɭϣ߿ƼĶǵ߱ġİ´ˣǵΪվһЩ쾳ΪûеͨԱȴҲǹ
ǲЩԱ
ǰѴӵЩ˰źãȻȥæԼˣЩ˺ѵѾ氲ţҪ֡
ԭڵأѾһƬ棬Ǿռغܴ󣬵ضκܺãҲû˸ռΪɵӶ֪ѧԺĵ̣ԺѧԺ϶
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־ͨǵĴأݴ֮ʼɳˮһԼҪĶذݣһ֣ڹ棬ɹ忪ʼΣһǧٸ֧֧ɹ
ȵȣҲɹ졣
ǿԼµĵػԺ֮ԭɹͼȴһ뷨ɹȻɹԲֱӰֵ״졣ϸ֣ɽ֮ҵ֣ˡ͡ɽ˾ǺҵٰһЩֻȻһ壬һصĽ
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ӵ漶ԣͻȻĶ򣬾ûѧƣǴ˿ҲȵЩܳʦǧ򱶣ץסһ̵УǻʮԼٽǽڡذ塢ܵȸֽ۳ͣɹۿɼٶȰεض
ѧԺڰˣ˵ѧԺ֮ǰｫǵҵģѧԺҲ㷢뺯ѰǵһЩ̼פƺչܲ˳̼ܶҺˡ˿Ž͵ɹ
ѧԺȻΪǵˣ컷Сϵ̵Ĳ˶пɽģǰҹǣѧԺôѧԺ˰ǵĹܹЩûɽ˻УЩѡ˽ӻԴ


1023 ҵ
ǻ֪ɹ̵飬ȫĵͶ뵽˽֮С
ƵɹԶûڸӣ˵ģ嶼Ǵ֮ǰǧٸӵǧٸĻȻذʲôģҲǼȡԪءȻǰƵʱֻ㽨߲㣬Ϊ봫˵еľӦֱӸĳ˾Ų㡣ټϵµһ㣬Ǿʮ㡣
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̫ˣȻûгͣⶰоɡǲûУλѧԺĴڽⶰʱ򣬰Լ־Ҳע棬ȥ˻ȫļ֮£û˸ˡһվŽ׵ߵ
ôһطֵ̼ҶȥҸоݵ¡λ˵ƣƺ治ȫģƺһЩĶˣˣѧԺҵĲиֳԺֵĵطһͷñӵ˵˵ŻóѧԺĴ
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ǰԭͼֻҪܽϡһģȻ죬ҲɹĽ졣ˣ϶أǶⶼ飬Ȼ棬ٽʮɹ⡣
Ӱһǻص
λʦĽˣװҪĹˣǴӵеģ˵Ϊ̫ߣǹװޣʵ̫ʱ䡣Һ˪һ£ջǴֱӹūɹװޡ
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˪ȥʱȴǵ֪Ϊϴε飬İȫȻѧԺҵӪһ飬Ĺϴε飬Сĵġ
֪ˡЦѣ⾹ȻԺˡ

Ժ˵ˣ齻㸺𡣡ҵ˪
ţⱾҵĹ㲻ԺҲԼ飬֮ǰѾʮһ̼ҵϰ巢롣˪˵ţչʾһԼķϢ¼ʱ䶨磬صĻң㹻ȫ
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1024 ѧԺʲô
һĻ棬һʮһˡ
ʮһˣΪҲվŽףΪߵˣȻﵽ⾳ʮһǱҵ˵ĳԱҲǸӪ¹˾ϰ塣컷Сϵôı䶯Ը˹ȻҲһ
λϵӣֽ塣
Ǳ⣬˵컷Сϵԭ̣ÿǵӪҵߴʮҡЩҪģϾǮһ棬ؼҪʵͲò˵屳ˣһӣȻǻ羳ߣȴΪرĸλȻ羳ߡ
Ϊˣݺ͵λ֪
ҶˣǾ˵¡ŴҶյλɵרŮϰ巢룬˵ȥ飬ʵǽȻԹԵǽפɹΪɹӪơ嵭˵ţ˶ǵ˵ͷȫ֪
ϰ壬ɵλרŮϰ廹ǲ°ȻӪѧԺ⣬Ǿ͸ѧԺӹ컷Сϵ֮󣬵һʱźȥݷǡ˵ʲôӪɹΪԼжЦˡ˸͵ҲǷЦ
ȷʵѧԺΪ󣬳Ϊ컷Сϵ˾޷ˡ˵ʵ֪ĸðûǵϿɣλôӹ컷ССϵŵǵ˰ôƽ¡˳ʲôѧԺǸмһˡ
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ڣ϶͸λԶˡλɣλҲЩ͸λ˪֮󣬵˵ţλ컷СϵˣӪĲҵÿӪҵϣЩ黹Ҫչ
֪С˵ʲô飬ʲôأЦЦ
˵֮УһϾ̣ʹأǾҪٱ磬ĹŸṩȶĹ˿ͣȫľ̻ǾҪ˰ϰ壬Ҫ˵ô˪ÿһˡ
û뵽˪ֱӣȻһʱûзӦ
ѾɫСǽɵͽ˰ˣǵǮ֣ղС㣬һ㵽ѧԺλԺú˴һ£һСϵŵء
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ôĿѧԺʲôҲûǸ컷СϵȻǵ飬顣˵ǽӹ컷Сϵ˵㣬Ǿʩǵġ֪ʲôʩôǵſмҪģֻҪʩһǮǾͻҡβһŮϰ˵ʱ̲סôЦ
ϰ˵ĲѧԺǵ𣬻˰ȥɡεʱǶûһҵ˰ҲʩġڻѧԺҲԸ⽻ˣô
ԼˣӪɹʵɣǰɵĴȨȫǣתһֵĵȻǲפɹһǵɹŶˡ
Ҳ׷׸ͣɫ⡣
С㣬㶼ˣǸ컷СϵˣǲɶǡѧԺλӣð˵ЩǲҲܲ弥Ц


1025 ѧԺǷô
˪壬ЦǸûʶԼжô޴Щ飬Ǻúõغ˵ǶءǲأҲͱǲˡ˵һ㣬컷Сϵʩǵģģ˭Ǹ赲ǵĽŲ³
вǣŲţھ͸ɱ㣿
ԡ˪Ц֣ǲˡ
޲ɼҵǹҾɱ㣬ѧԺԺҲô˵ţһֳֻ˪ץ˹ȥֻ־Ȼģźɫ˹âһףһһܲı
ôҲô㻹ʮ㣬Ҳ֪ûԴأǹռȻѿһִֻ浯˳ֱץסֻ֣ɫ׹âǸûгһ룬ֱ۶ϵˡ
˭ŵĻ겻壬
ѧԺԺ㲻Ǹոջ˵ôǵӰѾ˴棬С󣬸ѧԺĵ£ǹģԼľ춼ˡ˪յķɣ˸ôã
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ǺãͰշ˵ţתͨһץͰ˹⾳Ϊ޷֮Сһ
ңҵǹҪǸҷҵΪŹġ
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Щ֪ģҵˣȻȥǸȻ͵ųҵŭɡԵúϡ
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֪ѧԺȻ嶯ˣǿ϶ҲŹǣʱҲܽǡ
ʲôҲ̫Լ¡ȴҡҡͷʲôȫǲмһˣҿܻηһ㣬һ˿־ѣҽʲô
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ǿһ˿־ԵЩ𾪣ȴǳûץס壬ߡٶȺܿ죬ƺҲԤıõģһռͨ򿪣ֻҪȥǾͿ֮زز
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ͳ羳ǿսһ֪ӮôϾϵͳ˵ûԺȨȣֻҪõԽһ󾳽սҲпܵġ

Żˣ־ˣæġ
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Ȼûжҳ֣ҲǰףΪǧ꼴ɡ˪ñҵ˵һȺ˶ʱˣΪǧ꣬ǧ֮޷ʧȥǧɰ
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ǷĴ£϶סģܿǾը˹
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1026 ˭ǲʱ
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Ϣ֮ЩţѧԺԺʦʱӦóȫʵʱѧԺҲл羳ǿߵӡҲǿ㣬ʲôҵ˵һȺ˲Ÿ˱ѧԺø档ѧԺǿƣһǵʵˣѵǻʵ߸ɴ࣬л羳ǿ򡣡
һ羳ǿûл羳ǿߣȫ
羳ǿڴϵ֮ŵĺϵǿߣԶֻСϵ绽ļһǻ羳ǿ߿һСϵֻҪкһЩСϵ֮ҪԹԵ
ǵһƵ֮УһðСڳԷӳվ׵ΪһСƣ̲ס˷ܵѧԺɵúãʲôҵĲ̼ҶĵĺܣǸ̷꣬ԭȥԭʡǮ̷̵ȴȴӲıȵ˳ԭгֻкл̷Ƶԭ
λð⻰ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ʱԱһһӵѧԺǰʲôҵ˵һˡҸոյõϢѾ˲˱ҵ̼ңǽǷĵ𣬶һΥԼķһֶ١
ѧԺˡ
ʲôǰЩ̼Ϊпɽû˰ѧԺӹ컷СϵǲҪĵһ˰һҪһǧ˰˵мҲôңƷҪó˿ɶءԱ˵ʱƵ˶̲סЦ
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ѧԺǴˣһӵô治֪ܲӦĹ̾˿ܲѧԺôˣûл羳ǿ򣬸ֲס
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ǵͨѶȻ
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ҩҵģ㾹ȻҶҵ֣ŲҰʬΡ
ŶԭѰġѰҲ̫ûгˣҾǣΪʲôԹǲңûʱ䣿Ц컷Сϵҵĵ̣ҲǰôģǶҪҵĹǲ뱻컷Сϵöʵʵġ
⻰ӷŭŰɣǲ֣㶯꣬Źġ֪İôԵˣᱻճɻ档³϶ҲǱһѱұ͸ʹá
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⻰һܿʹ컷Сϵ
Щû֮еѡˣеȴڹ۲Ż

ڱչأҪ羳ûʱ֣ҲֻϹˡϾֻ컷Сϵһ̣ҲҡǵĸûбҪչǵԴЦ⣬˵Ҫл㣬ѧԺĵ棬ǰҩľ֣¿ҵѣǵҩ˲١
ֻǴɣո˪Ѿ˵ˣǰҩѾͬפɹˡڴˣҴѧԺмǰҩϡɹװ޽׶Σװϣѡ档ǳ˼һµɹԤƿҵ̼ңϣСܰ˵ˣҲͬפɹ
û⣬ʵһǺܿɹչġЦ
ˣС֪֪ʲôԭṩԭҸոյõϢѾȷ컷Сϵˣԭ֮бزٵĶɹ֮бһ͵ԭܳס档ѯʵҲһȽϷ顣


1027 ݷ̷
ѯҲȷʵһ⣺ıǹһפ컷Сϵ͸¢ϣЩ͵ԭ̣ҪôߣҪô̲ˣ컷Сϵ곷֮һԭ궼ûС
ǵ˵ͷҲʱԥֵԭ
˼һ£Ȼ۾һ뵽ǰ飬ҵһص壬컷Сϵԭϴ󡣲ֻǿϧȴʵһ㡣ѹȡֲ˺ܶˣΪСϵ֮ȴǲܲʣĻ֮£ֻ˳컷СϵгԭҲѾѼˡ
ʲô֣ģ
΢΢һЦѧԺӹ컷Сϵ֮󣬶컷Сϵ˽⻹컷Сϵжʮ壬һ̷壬˵塣ǽӹ컷Сϵ֮ʵҲǵˡ
⻰Ҷ컷Сϵ˽ȷʵ࣬Цˡ
ǲʲôûʲôϾ컷СϵôֲԹ컷СϵЩ֪ĺ̷ɽؿԭ꣬ҿûôס嵱һ컷СϵĹʧǶǿ϶ҲʲôøС
ǵ˵ͷµľڶͳʧʱͳԼҪʮٱĴۡѧԺɲǴ컷СϵĸãҲ־컷Сϵ壬̷ġ
ǺģҶǵĻд˼֮ɫ

ڰߺ˹̷ϡ
ˣˡһλϹӵ
Ŷҿ˵ţѸٷӾվԱߣʱȴǵѯ
ϸǵɫҲԽԽѿ
̷ܵĲȫȰ˵ʮٱñȵΪ˴̷壬ֱӰ̷ϵȫץסɱһֱȥ̷ڵɱʮ̷ˣűƵ̷ԭ컷Сϵг
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˿֪һᵽ˵ô̷壬Ĭģ̷ŪĺôһǷָ󡣶ˣ̷߼յһƷҲǼۣ䵽
֣̲ס̾ϴܴ֮ҵѣһǴŪԭǴ̷ġΪһػ񣬲Լȫˣͬ˶ԸԼҲǹˡ
⻰ҲЩܱӡ
ڵ̷ôˣҿ沢ûмأǰϽӣպá
̷˻صԼĸǣپӪԭ֮ⶼ֪ˣǵ˽ԴҲˡȴһð˵ʮǰһ⾳һ׵ȥ̷壬̷ԼƱƳǸ⾳һ׵ƺ⣬λ⾳һ׵ǿһ¶̷һ겻ţԺܴгϢ˵ȻЩǼپͲ֪ˣûȥ̷֤
ǵ˵ͷǺã̷֤һ¡
ӵ˵ͷ֪Ҫȥʲô
Զ뿪컷Сϵ̷ʱع飬޴ĺ䶯

ǳˣһȥģ˭ûдš
̷ڵͽ̷ǣҲԼģ˵һ
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̷ֹǡһֻһķסǣֻʮ״СԲÿƼֶģֶƳġڷ֮ӣոеһ˵
ǣѧԺԺĿǰ컷СϵѾѧԺ컷Сϵµˡǵ
Բ컷Сϵ˭̷ûκιϵڻ뿪̷壬ȻǽΪ̷֣᲻ϧһսסһӿǣƺʲôĻ䣬


1028 Ȱ˵
ǲüͷ֪ûá
ֱʶ̷ǣѸٵɨһ̷ˣܿҵԼҪҵˣǾ̷峤ǰļأ̷峤ֻվŽ۷ΪûͻƵ⾳ڿ̷峤ȻѾ⾳׵Ϊ
ѧԺԺǰݷã̷峤һǵ̷峤ĶߣԷڱĿ˼ȴѸٵ۾¶˾֮ɫ
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峤ʲô飿һ̷жʲô˿ȴǷ峤쳣Ҳ̷ˣһ׾ųȥźɫ·иġ
ѧԺλԺˣǰռ鱨˾͸ҴϢ˵컷Сϵˣµ˾ѧԺ̷Ѿ꣬ʲôϣѧԺҪǰǸһȻ컷СϵЩһѡ̷峤¹̾һ

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ǲҪֿԡ΢΢üɲܵġ
𵯡̷ȴǲģֱӳǷһǲһо̺żֲȺǼɴ䱸ĵ١ŶȴǼɴİٷ֮һûС
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¹üͷʵѾµǵ⡣
̷ܵ컷СϵһȺ˿̶ЩϵĹʵûкøС
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ôֱӾܾңüͷЩˣǧɲһ仰ܸߵģӦ֪ȺȺ꣬ҡѧԺǲһģǵأǻԼĹһ裬Ժ컷СϵֻԽԽá
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⡣ǵҲЩм̷֪嵱ܵ˲Ĵ˵ģ˽һˣǺεȴĳޡǵĵˣҲǵĳˣҲǻɱְ˸ϳ컷СϵôҲǵѣǵˡ
⻰̷˶ǳĬˡ
¹ԥһ£òóϵ˵ĲȻ㲻Ϊ̷һУȷʵҪмһУⲢ̷ҪΪ񡣡
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1029 ײ
ʵôȥ̷ȷʵĺܱ
Ǳȵģһı죬Ǹ֮ءǾ͵͵ȥһЩԭΣܴر档෴ÿ͵͵ԭǻĵģ˭֪᲻ٶǶ֡
˱Ĺȥô꣬Ҳӵ֪ԴҪԡ
ôʱ棬ٵ̷ΪȱһСƾһտҩٳ޷ͻƣֻܻΪٵ̷ǣΪûһǿЩӳȥˣеıūеĿ硣
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Ժò˵̷ĵط¹һ̷һŽ壬Ҳһ¸ҵ塣һֱԼȺ֮в۸Ĺ𣬰棬ûǸʵֻ̡
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Ժ
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̲ס࿴꼸ۣܿ¶˾ȵɫǼ츳̷ŶٵˣȻܵһǼ츳ѧǺú꣬ԺΪ̷屨ѩ޻治⡣Բ飬̷ȷʵһλš
ôˣԺ¹ѯʵǵĿⲻԡ
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ȷʵĵطܺ˵ЩҲǸоҵĳ⡣˰¹ŵĶ棬ǹͬĵˣ컷СϵӦ໥ǽһɹʽ̷פ
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ǵġûʲô÷ϵģѧԺĸڣԺ컷СϵҲƶȡ
ԭ¹ųĬˡ
ǲңǲŵüʵһʲôĵط֪ȥ˵Ͳôԥˡ
Ժ˵ɷԺܴӦԺǶЧѧԺӵĹԺܴӦ̷ʯ٣Ҳ̷߳ǣפǸʲôɹ¹ŵɫ

һҪȥһµҪ֪⵽һʲôȺǽ˵Ĺ᲻ҲĹ֮һڶҪԺʷΪѧԽ̵¹ŵ˵ţȫڶĲһ
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1030 
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˼̲סЦѧԺôѧǵһ˵ôġбµ˵⻰ţûб˵⻰ˣǾˡһ֣رŵһ֣
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ҽ100ʷЩ԰˽֮վĽ׵ѾǷëǣһӵĽԭı죬ͬ͵޷ȵġ
㵹ͦţ֪ѧԺʲôˮƽô䲻ЦѧԺж꼶ѧӵվ߽۷ʵʱ䲻ʮꡣȻûı˫ⲻܱȵġҦܣѧԺж꼶ѧվ߽Ϊͬʱ䲻ʮ꣬澺ؼѧԺж꼶ѧվ߽ΪԼðСӣ컷СϵһѧѧԺкܶࡣĻ̫Զˡ
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ǼЦѧԺΪʲôôţԼı׼²ѧԺǴشҲ̷ǰѳţѧԺҲһеѡ
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1031 ̷˵
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ļλ߲쵼Ȼ˿Ҳܾȣȴ̲סЩԺ
ǵھȻѾ⾳ǿ߸׳Ƴ
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ǵģûлʵۣÿˣ˭˭ĵλ͡ǵϰףʱֻҪո־ˡ̲סð¹ŶЩˣӦߵڰݼĹߣ˭֪˼Ҹһס
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1032 
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ŶǸҪˡ¹ѧ˿ӣ̷ļҲģѧǳı飬Ҳ֪óԻǼٺóԡ

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̷ԸΪһӣҰ¹Ŵ̷ǩ´˷ԼԺ̷ѡ¹˵ţֱдԼ֣ȻֻһʽǶڵȴشŽý϶౨顣
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¹һ֮ӵ⾳׵ΪԭΪѧԺʦ϶ˡ
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Ը⡣¹ʱ򼸺ԥ˵̷ѾΪ˵һ֣ܳΪѧԺʦŶ̷ֻкôлߣ̷ԺҲҪҵĹҲûˣ̵ѧƺҲһܲ顣
ǺãҴǰǵ˵ͷ

һ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬һƸֱ𷢵ʷ˺Ͱ¹ŵǩ֮ҲʽΪѧԺһһӡ
ǵԺ֮УѾյɵʾ
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ŶȻԡǱȥȡѾȲˣǰ¹ŶˣҲ˼ܾ
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һǱѧԺÿһѧ˲ãΪʷˣǷŵѧԺ֮УƺҲ˵ģǿһе¹ž֮̾࣬ҲЩʧ䡣
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ǰѧԺͼˣؼȻҪؼɷָָ
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ȴ̲סݸֹﾳ⣬Ǵ˵֮иߵľ磬ֻҪѧԺϵȥҲκ⡣οʲô羳ﾳʵҲѧԺĸн׶ζѣĴѧ׶ΣǲǸ׶εѧԺѧѹһϵ
ѧԺͼ֮У¹ſѧԺĿĲ飬֪ʲô̡˵ģһֵɷŶľѣ̷巢չڣһҲʮ֣ȫѧԺûȡ

Ժ칫ңԼİ칫ǰЩ
ˣҾܻһžǼ￨ƣһλ羳ʦѧԺİȫԱ֤ˡǰţ˵һ䣬ʲôƮѩ£˭ҹ鷳ֱһ
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1033 һλǼʦ
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ʦѧԺĴĿǰҸ㰲ŵְѧԺ꼶ʦΪڻûѧ꼶ʱôΡȻһֱţǿ϶Ҳʣ㰲һݣѧԺѧָίԱ᳤ҪΪѧǽɣָѧǵѧϰֻһˣԼѡ񼸸ʦһ𡣶ˣҲְ
û⣬ָѧΪѧǽͻ⡣ӦɣҲս
ţǾ˵ˡǳвʦᣬһӦƷܿͻ͹ΪܸõӦѧԺĽѧҽʦȻһЩʱ˽һµٵͼݿһѧԺĽ̲ġ˵
û⡣˵ͷдѵʱ䣬ЩҲӦǰ׼ġ

ѧԺͼݣǰŵߵλãһҲ굽ߡ
룬һһѵֳˣЩȫ⣬ǶŹע͡Ͼ͸ŹѶʵ̫עͣԻ򵥺ܶࡣ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱѧܶһŹҡҡͷ뿪ͼݡ
ĵԼѧԺһôĹ˾޴ĺ䶯ѧѧԺҲˡ
֮ҪĴ˽ԺϢϢ


1034 Ҧ
ʲôϢóʦ˳ӡǻ˻֣һֱӵ˳ǰ˵ÿо
һۣԺ˵֮Ҫǻܾұ֤ԺҲ䲻
һЩ˵˵
ʱɤӣڵҪ˵ϢǹҦܵģ澺ؾȡ˾޴Ľչһ֮ǰ澺ŵ֮У˾óɼΪ˴˴ĵһ澺ཱ
һǰ֮ǰǸҦָÿ澺һɾͣͻֵƵ㣬λôĳɾͣҦܻõҪһٳˡشϢǵѧǻһطȻǰμġ
˵Щ̲סЩԺ
񿴵;úˣ̲סЦԺһû˵أֻǿʼҪ˵ĲشϢողһӶѡ

̲סһ죺Ͳһΰѻ˵꣬ǰɡ
΢΢һЦҦ澺ıȻǿȦɵ㣬澺֮⣬ǲĵط˵شϢʵҦոһ壬ѾȫͶ⾳ǿ߾ʮλǿһλȻﵽ⾳Žס
ۣ
ںȲ裬ȴ̲סһȲ˳˵ʲôҦոһ壬廹ʮλ⾳ǿߣɲҪƭңҦܲʲôΪվ߽׶ѣǿˣҲͶɣǺǣɲ˽ڣЦһ㶼Ц
ʱЩˣԺҿûпЦҦܴѶϢ֮ĵ죬ȥ̽һ򸽽ż֪ǰػģǾͷöԷöԷ˹Χ֮УһȺ˲٣Ҳشй峤ֱӾ˻ԡᣬūط䲻ū˹峤
ЩȻҲЩ˷ܣҲҦٵա
ͼ򵥶ˣҦū˹峤֮󣬶ԷֻܳҦʱָ߹峤ոչΧ˵ݣ֪һ˵ݣֱ˵ҦΪ˱ΪɣǨƵ컷СϵΪĸ֮һ
һǹõģǲò˵һΪʮλ⾳ǿ£ԼһǿҦ澺ЩɾĲֵһˡ֪Ҧܵ˹Ʋô׷ŹѧԺ֮еĴá
˵ͷҲһ£ҦʵƮѩĶѩǧҲѧԺѧ޵ĵˡ
һǹɺϵģƮѩѰҲֻǵҦܣѩǧôĿ϶ù
ҲףʱǸûʲôģҦܻˣҦܵĸԣּβߵо벻ͬ⡣
ӣ˼һµҦαֲѱӦøӰٷ֮ʮǸѩǧҦƿ˵ߵĲҲ֮Щ㣬ҦܶһһЩѧԺԴ˵澺֮еĴúܶࡣ
˵ͷǺãЩȥ졣ԺѾ컷СϵҪҪڼһǣ
ȴҡҡͷʱҪҪҲǵݼҡ
΢΢һЦǵ˼
澺ؾ
Ҧܵķ䣬һѧԺ͵ϢͨѶ֮ϣ+5000
Ҧ̲סǼö㣬Ȼ׬ˣһŶ򿨲100㣬ȫԶһ50Ŷ򿨵ġ
ô룬Ҧܿ϶ܶһ򿨡
һҦɫѩǧѾҵжд̡ºҾҪ뾺ڳʱڳ֮ĳԱսģ϶һսҲӦսֱӾͻᱻ߳ڳӦսˣ϶ᱻû
վ߽׵Ϊѩǧ⾳׵Ϊڽڳ֮ǰվ˽ףȻǲ̫󡣡
ҦһԼѵľأȶһѧԺԴɣʲôܸṩġ
ļֵһѧԺԶһƷҦܺȻ۾һֵ3000㣬Ժעͣ⹦ĽܣͦʺġҪôߵܶһ˵Ź϶ǿ֮ڰŹţ֪ܲѩǧһս


1035 һϵ츳ѧ
Ҧܳ˼һ£ԥѡ˶һ֮ǰʣµ㣬һʣ2500㣬Щ㲻Ҳ˷ѡҲǹעһˣǾһһЩԼõĶ
ȻҦܿ츳Ƭ
һɫǰδеأѧԺ츳Ƭһ˵츳һֱȥֱ漶ڵ츳ǺǼϵⶫȻǶơһһ츳ƬҪ1000㣬ʣµ2500㣬ܶһ츳ƬҲ顣
ֻܶһ飬ҦҲûгɣֱӾ͸һˡ
ʣµֻ500ˡ
Ҧܿһ£Ϊаٷ֮ٵĲһһЩĶܶһݿȻòһݿҪ800㣬Ѿһֻ˶ΣҦܸɴһŶ򿨺ʮ죩
ˣеĶһˡ
ѧԺڽյҦܵĶһϢ֮ҦܻظᾡѶ͵ҦҦȴǸѧԺǵ澺ͨؼĴװãֻҪѶŽȥ辺һֵĴͷãܿյ
Ǿ;ѶҦ͹ȥɡǰĹдһ֮УȻƷӡһȡЩЩ٣ҲԷһˡ

澺ؾ
רŽ紫ͶĵطҦյѧԺѾ׵Ϣ֮͸˹
Ҧܡѩǧ˿Ҳڴ̨һͷ׷ͷϳɫ¹ǣҦܹ¶Цݡѩǧ󣬼Ĺȣ˿ҲҦŭĿӡ
ѩǧϴλҪлл㣬ȻҲ޷ùͶô㵽ʲôǲΪϴΪѱﶼһգǻ羳ָͶˡҦܹЦ;ǶĺܣֱӾѩǧͨ졣
蹷̫ˡѩǧԱߵһָҦ
ȣͼѩǧĹӰɣûйļһĹ硣ҦܳЦ
㡭ɫѿȻһ֣ȴ͵һޣһΣվͻ¹ģ˾Աʮ˴ڻҪ
ôˣҦɫԴӽ뾺һ㴦ΪУʱɱңż֮ظżԨȻ֪ⶼѩǧָʹģȻѩǧ񵱹ҲҶĺֻ㼸仹ġ
⻰ȭͷɫ
ԴӶ֮󣬺þû˸ǰôˣǾһлǿʵ˵ⳡΪ˱ЩˣҶ֣ºҪڳʱڳĻᣬȻһ㸶ۡѩǧɭɭ˵
ҦܽڳһĽ֮һڳҪ⾳ΪУ˿ؾǧ꣬Ϊٳ޷ͻƵ⾳һֱ޷ڳ
澺ڳⳡ֮ڳѧԱл߽׵ļⳡѧԱȴûĻᡣڳѧԱܵõԴⳡѧԱԱȵġ
ʱ˭ḶۻһءҦЦֱӳǰһÿҵİˡ
ţҦܣġƽ̨һԱ˵ͷݸҦһӣ֪⻹ǵһ˸ҦܴͶ
㡭ѩǧ񾡹Ǿй涨ȴҲʲô
Ҧ˶֮תߡ
û߳ԶѩǧҲ쵽Ʈѩ͹Ķ˿ѩǧ쵽ĶǷ֮ȻŨŨĽ
ɵ档Ҧֹţ֪ѧԺ͹Ķ˦ѩǧʮ֡
Ҧܵס
үҪչأһèŮѯʵ
ǵġҦܵ˵ͷ϶ûҪ飬Ҫңô
õģүèŮ˵ͷ˳ȥ
һ׼ңҦϲͣǾģҲû취˽Ըġ
ѧԺ͸Ķһ١
Ҧܳ˼һ£ȴ츳Ƭһɫѩ״壬ǹá
ں츳ƬԼ츳Ȼٲ°빦
Ҧ˵һס츳Ƭʼںֻ츳Ƭɢһɫ˿ߣڻ˵ıһ͸Ҧܵ塣
֮ϣڱչصǣȻһɫ΢䣺Ҧܣ츳ϵ


1036 Ϊ
ţ˵𾪡
Ҧǰ츳ǺǼı仯϶Ҧʹ츳Ƭϵͳôʾǰûеô
ѧǵ츳ϵϵͳֻҪ⵽ͻһʱ͸ϵͳ˼ܼ򵥣츳ȼѧصϵͳʱ򻺻
ԭҦֻʹ츳Ƭ츳ܴӺǼϵЩ⣬츳ǲ̫ˡ
츳ƬƷ֮ǰҲ˵ϵͳܸ츳ƬҲһƵġʵ츳ƬЧҪԶĻҪˡ˵ɣֻҪһ츳Ƭ츳ٲˣҲӵǼ츳ϵͳ
Ҳ̫ˡ̲ס桯һ
һǼ츳Ҫ츳ϵҲֻҪ츳ƬǼ츳츳ϵҲֻҪĿ츳ƬɡҦܱںǼ츳棬еƫϣں츳Ƭ츳ϵһ㶼֡ϵͳ͵
ԭǼ˵Ҧ츳򼶣Ҫ츳Ƭǳ˼һ£̲סѯʵ
˿顣
򼶼漶أ
ʮ顣
һأһ顢顢Ŀ顢˿顢ʮ顢Ҳ˵һֻҪʮһ츳Ƭ츳ٲˣܰ츳漶ǲ˼
ǵġ
ϵͳ϶Ļش˶ǳһ亹˵ֻҪ㹻츳ƬѧԺȫԴһ漶츳ѧԭȷѧ׳ѧԺķʽͨķʽոߵȼ츳ѧʵõİ취
һȻӣѧԺȷ򿪷ʽ
ȻһҪٴ츳Ƭô׻ȡġϵͳ
ô׻ȡģǾƴˢֻҪϵͳУҾһҪܶĻȡЩ˵ģѧԺӵʮ漶츳ѧԺѧԺ涼ڻ¡Ǵ˿Щ֪漶츳ӵ漶츳˿Ҳͼʮ
ϵͳĬˣ˵ʲôֻܿǾװˡ
澺
ں츳ƬҸо˶һˣΧһдԪһʱƺ˺ܶࡣҪǣҾȻܸоǰռĴڣͻ⾳ĹؼǻԵһҾһͻƵ⾳κεϰҦܳ˼ţе⡣
ں츳Ƭ֮Ҧ
ʶ룬һѶϢѸٽ뵽Ժ
ֻЩʵǻĪҦһʱ˵ˣֻ΢оԴҪըһ
òͣȻϢƬټȡ˻һܵʱ䣬ȻǿѹȫʱҦ֪ٵˣʼʹ΢Ĳˣöһֹٰƽҵĵز
עͱʼҲҦܸ˳ЩĵطǵעͲ鿴
һ¹ȥҦڶһȫ⡣
ʱҦܺԥʹ˶򿨣100һŶ򿨣ֻҪʹˣǾһջ
ԭĹ
ҦϲɫйؼĶôһŶ򿨵Ч͹ȥˣеڶš
˰ѵڶŶҲʹˣҦǰ߰˰ˡ
ʱҦܿ˿ʱ䣬֮ڻһ£ﻹҵ飬ʼʽ
תŹӿ塣
۳İģһ֮УѪҺҲڲϵȻ飬ÿһε飬嶼ӵǿ󡣸ߣҲڲϵɱ䣬ƺлһֿµ־־ܹݻһУ߽һУ߸һС

үôʽڳӡèŮˣ֪ҦܺҪҦܣȴһҦܵķ䣬ͻᱻҦϵİĸɳȥ⻹ҦʶΪҦĶ֣԰һΪ顣
澺ڳڡ
ҦܣһʽΪڳѧԱһҲ澺ꡣ
϶ǲˣҦ֪֮Цѣﰵ⣬ҦܾǿôҦһôֻҪڳҦҲͺһⳡˡ


1037 ս
ѩǧ̲סЩŭһúһû뵽ȻңλᣬԺҲڳǿϧҪܵô˵ģǲҽޡ
ڳ·ˣ˿üͷҦأô
ѩǧ̲סѿڶ϶ǲˣմڳ
·ƳƳѩǧһ˿⣬ǾҦܵһͨڳѧԱڮٵġ
ѩǧһҲ֪˵˻Ҷԡ
ɾʱһԶӶſֲķ֮˶̲סЩȡ
ѩǧ˵մҿǱȲ㣬㶼ܽڳΪʲôܡҦźȻǰ˿һİ£Ȼֳ׵ĸоѩǧҲûһη֮ɫӺͳ
ˣõúܡѩǧɭɭ˵
Ҧܼ·ˡҦܸѩǧȴǳ·һ
Ȼ˶ˣҴȥڳ·˳Ҧܵ˵ͷ˵ģҦܶԴ̬ȾͿȦɵ㣬Զѩǧ˵ļһԱȵģڳⳡǽӴڳѧԱ϶Ҳ˵ڳ飬ЩڳĹ涨ǻҪ˽һ¡
Ҧ˶ǵ˵ͷ·˵
ѩǧҦܽڳϲЦʧ

ǰǽĶڳҪصĹЩֻҪ¾СҸǽһڳҪ㣬ʵҲֻһǾǾܶĻþ㡣·˵ԶһԭҩһڳΪṩԴÿѧԱȡĶ
Ҫôþ㣿ѯʵ
;ҪĸһĿǰǧѧԱֻҪǰһǧÿ¶ܻһľ㣬ԽǰõľԽࡣ
ⳡʱ˵ʲô֡
ڶˢһЩĿҪлþš޹ȡսֻҪﵽӦҪ󣬾ܻþ㡣
Ҧһǲ֪ˢЩĿܻþ㣬ʱ϶Ҫȥԡ
һЩ񣬸һľ㽱
⣬˶ûϸʡ
ĸսΪĺ˼սֹսҲǾġݾĹ涨ѧԱھÿԷʮսҶԷܾܾսΪԽߣʤĻõľԽࡣ·˵˵ԾĿ˿Ҧܡ
սĶΪԼأҦʱ̲סʵ
һټΪĹ涨սΪԼ͵ѧԱʤˣܻõľҲǺ٣ˣȴҪľ㣬ԴҾսҲսԼΪѧԱ·˳˼һµ
Ǽһ⾳׵ѧԱսһվ˽׵ѧԱأҦܼ׷ʵ
Ϊô󣿡·һЩȣмһ󾳽磬վ˽׵ѧԱʤˣᰴľӮ㡣룬мվŽס⾳һ׺⾳ףǸףӮ㣬սΪԼѧԱ׾10㣬Ǿ10ηҲ˵⾳׵ѧԺҪˣҪ1000ҪӮˣȴֻӮ10㡣
üˡҦ̲סЦȻսڳҲ֪1000ԲһСĿܴѩǧӮ1000㣬ǼֱҪ̫ˬ
ҵѾţԽսʤѩǧ񣬻ܴ󡣡Ҧʮ㡣
ôҪս㣿·ֵ
ǸոǸڳڵļһѾҷսǲڳĶս֪ͨҦչʾһϢ
㡭·˲֪˵ʲôˣҿ֮Ӧг𣬿Ϊ̫ûʤĿܡ
ԱսڳѧԺ˿ҲЩͬҦˡ
˭֪ԼôҶԷսˣֺξһսҦȴ΢΢һЦԱ߼˶Щ㵣ôҦܺ񻹺ڴⳡսһ
սڳ̣ʱֱ䣬Ҳʲôʧ·˻Ǻѵ
䣬ܡҦ䣬ȴǿޱȡ

̨
һ뾺ڳڳѧԱսǸùļһھ̨Աߵһ΢΢һЦѩǧҲʲôˣҲ۸˹ˡ
ڳ˶Թ䣬Ҳ10ѡһڳɶо͵100㣬Щ㲻ѧѵô
˵е˿ɶġӵ˵ͷ˺Ϸ


1038 ޵
ѩǧŶҦܣҦܣңⱲӷõڹԹģһῼùһ㡣Ȼ䣬Ҳ10ѡһ˼ս㣬ֱڳȥ
Ҧô޳ܣ֪ô
ھ˿Ǻһ飬ȻѾǳˣǸûʲôģȻҪþеֶΣĴԷҦҲǿ㣬澺ԼƵܱӣֻѧԺһİѧѧԺӦôĵطЩطȫɱ˲¹ͷӵײаٱ
Ҫսսϻ࣬ǻôҦܵ
ãϣǱˣҲҪ䡣ѩǧЦ⾺ǶԷһֱ䣬ͿһֱսȥѶԷ˶û¡
ֻ㡣ҦЦ뵽ս״̬
ڳ˵ǿӲʵԹġһѧԱһȫһʹľոսڳʱͬôǿƣǰܸʵ
˾͸˵ӣ̫ˣҲǻáԱߵһѧԱȴǳõ˵ͬ
⾳ΪͻһףҲվ˽ף治֪ʲôĺһսѩǧ˵ţгһɫһȷ˹ѩ򣬽ǳ
򣿡Ҧһ˲͸оΧˣһɱĺֱĿȥһƬƬѩ䵲סߣЩѩҲɭޱȣ΢壬ͻ飬һ㡣
ؼǣѩǧĽȻһָ߽Ӧ֮ϣ֮Уȫܸһ
ߣҦǰܻ治֪ӦԣתİתȫеѩףͬʱЩѩ˻һ㣬ѸٵĿʼڻ
Ȼǿ󡣡Ҧ𾪣Ƚѩǧת۾֮ϣһеʱաһеáһеıʶ΢ѩǧĶǱǧֻڲ֮ء
ȥɣѩǧһѾҦԡ
ҦһЦҦЦһȴƳצһ㶴һѾץסѩǧĳԭȻ˷ֺʱϸҦܵƣܿİģһһĻ趯
ôܣʲôΪôץסҵĽѩǧ鶯˿ȴǷȻ˷ֺ
֡ҦЦһֱųѩǧ壬ȻЩĻΪһһھҧѩǧϡ
ৣ
ѩǧûзӦ󴦾Ȼҧˡ
ãѩǧˣϵƣѾһ亹֣̿վ˽׵ΪôôǿȻһ羳ǿߵĸоһ
ʲôѩǧҲЩʶģȴ˲ͨˣҦָܸо϶һ־񹦡
Ȼˣ㲻֪Ҧܵ˵ţЩ翵ġ
ģʲô񹦣һҪɱ㡣ѩǧŭޱȣҦҲ³һơ
㲻ˡҦ˵ţıİƣһİ׺һ㣬ȻЩƻΪһ޴ƣ˿ռһͳѩǧùȥ
ңֱ롣ѩǧŭ⾳Ϊٶж죬Ҧôס
ôҦЦӶݵѩǧ񣬾޴ԽǺʱգһѾͰѩǧץУ㣬ҲǷ֮飬̫Լˡ
㡭ѩǧл֣̿ȴϺȻ˾⣬ֻһɫȻѰɫγɵƶסˣѩǧҲһɫı¡
Ʒͣϴλûмչ¶ⶫĸ׸ո͹ġҦһȴǼЦҲվ˽ף⾳ףģû뵽ȴԼȵͷڹꡣΪܶһ٣Ǿʹشˡ
Ҧɫһݣٴδİģֱסѩǧ֫á
Ȼ󣬾Ȼһɫ۵ȭͷѩǧ
˿ܵˣѾĿɿڴ


1039 ֱӽ
һȭһȭȻŷﻤ壬ҲܵеĹ类ʬ龰ѩǧоܴܵ衣
ۣѩǧһѪ˳
ΪǵļһΪһŪҦЦţڣɱ㣬Ҳ͵ǸҵǸѧܱˡ
㡭ѩǧɫ󾪣һֱҹȥĿܻѾоԼڱˡ
䣬䡣ѩǧѾŵɫ԰ס
䣿ҦһȴǱ֣ûйļһȻˣǿЦ
ңѾˣٸҶһ£ΥڳĹ涨ѩǧȻвҦܡ
ߣҡҦ˵ʲôʱ򾺼洫һȡ
սҦʤսһ˺ѿռ䣬¶ԴȻĿһҦܣֻһץȻ˺Ҧ۵İƣѩǧˡ
Ȼ˴ˣѩǧڳˮҲûԭġҦܳ˼һ£Ѿյ˾ʾ˵1000ľ㣬ȴû鿴ֱӳžȥ
ÿҦһΧ۵ѧԱŵļæóһ·
˼ҦĹȼߣ϶ǲ༶ġһüͷȴ˵ЩĽϾھ֮Уò༶Ҳ졣
϶ǵģȻô⾳׵ѩǧûκλ֮ѾڳȻڳڵľ档ԱߵһŮӵ߰ɣƲ˻취ҦܣؾһЩҲΪͽ
ڳѧԱ˿ҲǷ׷ɢȥһսȴǴڳ
ҦֻǸսڳѾ˵Ĺע


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ǲҦܣԼ漶ԣѾԼ֮С
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1040 ɹӪҵǿϮ
峤˿Ҳ˲ԺǹԸЧҡ
ǿŹ峤һЦЧңǲ̫һ㣿
峤ɫѿҴˣС˵СѧԺ֪ôǿҪɱҪУԸһе
ǶԴȴˣֱϵҦܡ
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ҦܿǣѾǵ뷨鹾ȫϣ񣬹ԺΪͶǵشֱӴǣʵ̫˷ˡˣҲûʲôôˣԼӴһǣԺı֡
峤Ҧ飬ͷлл飬ǹ屣֤ҲˣԸѡ
Ҧʱû˵ǳ΢΢ףͬʱǷһ˽ţԺ⹾򸽽壬Ժսǿߡū⹾峤Ҳˣ֪һûдﳼңԲŲҰߣչֳôǿػĹ˳
ǵ˵ͷѾ⣬˿峤ȻҦΪ飬Ҿ͸һλᣬ١ѧԺѧȱټŵģʮȥɣڼҷκβҵĵطҶ˵ˡ
峤⻰æллԺһְأѡ
Ǿͺá˵ţ˺ѿռصǡ

˿̵һһ棬һ׵Ҿ֮֮С
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Ŀ㥣д·ĵѯʵ޴ȴСֱֻ׶ߡ
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ĸðѧԺôδȴѾһƼķɴ棬վŵĿ㥣һӣһֽ޽
ˣѼĹѧԺѶϢԲ鿴һ¡Ŀ㥵
áһеѶϢȫ뵽Ժ֪ˣһġ

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һǧҡشЩ̼ȫ˪̸ģռ̼֮ҡѾǩ˺ͬʱʽפ
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̷ΪǵһԱǵĹٷӪ̼ңѾõλøǰ˵̷̡Щڻ˴ԭʱҲҪֶ֮һص
ûʲôˣѡһʽɹӪҵǵ
ڶ죬Ϣʹ˳ȥ
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һ磬Ͽվͳ˸ۼĳһ͵ĹӰڿУ嫴
ȻʮӰ֮Ǻ֮С
ˣˣѧԺӪɹʽӪҵȴ֪ǵĩաһ˵ѧԺԺԼӣɫѿ


1041 ҫ㻹ʸ
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ѧԺİɹǵģ컷Сϵġޱȵ˵š
ǰ˵ɹÿһ㶼ֻһĶñ͵ҩԼԭģ߲רѧԺɼƷļҲרװƼ豸ȡڰ˲Ϊ֣ѧԺһҽʲôӰԺĶÿ춨ʱһЩսƵԼƵԱһоɹ˿ȫ渵
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ۣ̲סһһѶԭˣÿοǸ۸ҶҪץξȻĻҲ
Ҫ㣬ҲһƵģǰĴۣ˿ֻۣۡۡȥԽԽ͡ʾһ£ԭдۣҩʮҩ꣬ΪףɹʽӪҲд΢΢һЦ
ȥֲûô˹ʱˣִʵ̫ˡ
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ͬһĻط
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ԭǿϰ壬ǳ۵ƷѧԺĲˣŻ˽פɹʸǿˣɹôϣ߱ûмٶЩ̣֪ٵĹ˿ͳԹԺЩ˿Ҫǻ᲻һʱ뵽ɹȵҲЩԺ
ҶˣѧԺһˣɹԺ϶Ƿޱȡ˼һ£Ҫɹ̲ϵһ£ȡԼҵĵҲɹ档

ˣѡһ죬ҪװǴ̳ڹʶǵʱѾ˹ʮˡ
˹ʮΪ⾳˽ףǶ֮ǰǲĵĻˡ
ԺαصģڣֻҪһöӾʮˡǰһӣ΢΢һЦ
ʮ棬ǰǸӦǸոͻƵ羳Թһôˣ϶˸ܱϵˣѾǻ羳ˡǵԸһոͻƵĻ羳߾ʦ֣ʵЩСá
ԺԳ֣ǴСã΢΢һЦ
ҵ̸ϴСãʱһЩʵǺбҪġǺԼı£ڿ϶ǱȲ
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ϵ̧ͷ죬̲ס¶𾪵顣
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羳ǻ羳ͻƵ˻羳һɫ԰ףãѧԺϳ컷Сϵ϶ġ
군ˣɹտҵӪȥˡһϰЦãΪ˻ýפɹǷ˴ڿȫǰ׷ѹ
ǣһĻתҪ˺ɷ顣
ڣޱȣѧԺԺģҰҵϳǣģ
ǶǾĵģû˸˵һ仰
ɾʱֻһӰȻ˺ѿռ֮УȻͿӰһ߳ȥķһ֮ϣԽǺʱգ͵˹Դϡ
һûп˭͸оһۣ˵ɳǵĴ㡣
ҫ㻹ʸ񡣡
һʱǵ˶Ͽգΰޱȵ


1042 ɵǣѹ磡
ʱѾϳˣѧԺԺٴγˡ
˴˿ȴԴѧԺԺ⾳ΪôôһŰѻ羳Ĺ߷ˡ
ǸһˣϣɵǣɹҵӣǼСѣùøˡ
˵֮һԾ֮С
ʮ⾳ļһ￴ǳȴŵļæ
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ˡ
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ʮ⾳ļһ￴ǵıӰһ̲סҲ̫ǿˣӮ˹ҲҪ군
Աߵһ⾳Ůȴǲŵ⾳ܻ羳ôܡ
˺ǺǣղһѵǿЦĲɡ
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оԴЩѣΣǿԼѹȻ¶˼ŭɫҪɱ㣬ɱ㣡
װƲɷᣬ˭߳ŭ
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ʱѾ˹Ķ棬Źֱͨתпҽȫɡ
ķŭȫֵһᣬữΪ֡
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˫תһ˽֣˽һʱձ飬޹⣬еķᣬ˽ֶȻҲǸ˰﷽ԲͬʱȼȵĻ棬ҪһУɱһУһУһж֮С
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΢΢𾪣ˣʹõİ˽־Բͨԭԭ֮ϵıԴ̺пֲıԴ֮
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ֱһɳ죬ȫ֮ĽɫıһĽɫ֮еǽӰЩֻһγһĽ֮з˺աѹȶİ˽֣צ̽һץֱӻ˰ǿա
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ǿعĹͨתһ֮ڶݺǿռʮ֮һֻһҧȻնҧһڣȻһڰѹСӲ뵽˸С
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ǵʶ֮ϵȻʲôǻ֮иߵȼһĻۣıԴǻĴ˵еĻУԴͷ컯ͻ
һĻֱţôֻ⾳ⲻѧ
ЦһȴǳЦѣֻ۽̫խ˶ѡ
˵ţһץסǰ˽֡
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ǱԴʶǳţȴתֱӽ뵽˰˽ֵĿռ֮УĽɫĻɽŭ˽ֿռ䶼µĹӡǸֱӻΪ˷飬˽ҲӲή
ۣʧȥ˽֣һѪ³ɫѿǸϵľҲ㡣
ǿɲЩŰ˽ʵ־սԼĿռָԹ־ܰɣ
ٴֶ̽һĽɫ۳һĽɫƺҪѹס
ǻ羳ߣôܱһ⾳ǿ߻ܡţܴܲ裬һȭͳŽɫȥɾʱЦһִһ֮ռ䣬˺ʱգֱӴʮס˹
ãʧɫ
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ʧȥеһ㣬ֱֱĳˤȥ
һĻΧΧ۵ʮ⾳һ˿Ѿĵѣڲ
ѧԺԺô˿ֲ⾳ΪȻ˻羳ߡһ⾳ӽȭͷ˵
϶ǹľǲ༶ĹԱһ¶˿ɫ


1043 ȫ
ʱˤǵĹֱӿʮˣгɭ֮⣺ǹԹԹ˳Ǳɱ
ʮ⾳ļһһǹԹԹ˳޿ܡ
ֻûж֣㲻Ҫ̫֡һ⾳Ůӳ
ǰûжֻ֣·һ۾һ˵
ǰҵСˣҽ첻ǹĶ֣ǿ϶һϣݻѧԺ˵ûʱǼȻˣͶǾͶȥ
ʮɫһɾʱ򣬿зһҫ۵İ׹⡣
̧ͷȥԼԿһԼ׵Ƽսս˹

ǷӦʱѾˣսѾȫ˿ռ˲㿪
޼ħ壡
ǵͺһȫ˸һɫâȻû貵Ĺâ֮С
ʮ⾳ļһϴϲ
һŻ羳սôǶƼսһشɱ׵Ļ羳ǿߡ
⾳ŮҲǵ˵ͷ˹֣ⶥƼսҲ͹ˡ
ҲǸоһ
貵İ׹֮УǸоһɴ͸ܺ˵ըĸоࡣ
ǵƤʼѿظɺԣǿտݼšתͼħ幦ڲ籡һɼǿˮ֮֮޵Ѹ۳µϸ
һ˲䣬ȴǻꡣ
ǵıϸϸΣҲΡһδε֮УһֿƲԵˣ֮֮·𻯳Ϫڣȫݵġ
ͼʮسˡ
һϲ˿ֻ̾ƾ֮ѹ⾳Ž׵ߡ
׹ȥˣȻǿնĵġ
š⾳Ůɫ䣬ָôܣôֵܵסƼս
⡭⵽ʲôˣѵһֲ༶幦ɡһӽȭͷ֡
Ƽսܺá̧ͷ죬ȱľսˣȻҶҷǾ͹ԹԵɣ
һֻ̽ȥһĽɫ۳һֱӶռסƼս
Ƽս棬Ŀ㥴ʧɫ˵ʲôȻⶼû
ĿƼսٴζǷʱֻһֱֻ̽սռ棬ץסԴȻһ͸оԼԴˣҲǻΪһѪ⣬״䡣
ƼսʧȥĿ㥵ĿƣһƼսˡ
ʮ⾳ļһ˿ҲκεϣԼͬӶݶȥ
⾳ΪӶ˲Ϣʮ
һЦȴ޶ԡ
ӵˣû׷̫ˡ⾳Ů˷ܵɴ⣬ɾʱһ˵Ľâ壬ؿ̲סһʹеĹҲͻȻסˡ
ʮһˣҲͬ
ʲôһ⾳ӿ˿ԼϵĽ⽣Ȼ˿һ㣬Ѿʵ壬ֱǷ˼
߲ˣǵù
군ˡ

ǵվ֮У߸ϵףۿɼ֮£֮гһߣһ㣬ֱӴߵʮһһĽ
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֮ϣǴ˿ȴشǵԺ֮Уͬʱһͷǰ
ǵ˵ͷͷһ㣬ʮ⾳ļһֱӱק˹
ʮ⾳ļһǣη塣
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˦ͷʮ⾳ļһֱӳˤȥ½һ㡣
ʮȥӰһصɹſڡ
Ȼһץʮ⾳ļһȫǰֱֱĹɹڡ
쵰ңȻһѧԺҷ𡣡š
ҿڳԡһһ֮۳ɵıӾǳ˹ȥֱӾڹҧһ⣬־ʹùزҽ״񲡣
ʮ⾳ļһ￴ţȫսս
ΧһȺΧ۵ڣ˿û˵һ仰ǿǵֻг羴֮ɫ


1044 ֧ɣ
к棬ѱӵݸܻҺݺݵشֱӴǳΪֹ
һֱɱǣ
ȴЦɱҲ̫ˣҲ԰Ϊū
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һӶǴ˺һ⣬ǵĲҽУǵرѧԺֶθסˡ
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Щ뷨ˣ˿Ҳʵʵء
ѧԺ֮УٴĶ棬ǰֻһδ
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һµӣʱЦ
Ҳʲô漶ԣ壬Űô
Ժôˣ֣˵š
ȻôˣȳͽһȻչѧԺáǹΪﵽ˻羳ҾֻͨҪѧϰһѧԺţȫܳΪһλʦЦЦȻѾ˴㡣
һ羳ǿߣɱ˵ȷϧ˵ͷ

ǵİ칫ҡ
ɹҵ̼פ֧Ҳˡ
нѾţעաϵͳ
ţѾˡǵ˵ͷһоͰеĽ˳һʮŶ򿨣츳ƬԼһɷؼ
򿨾Ͳ˵ˣȻǶơ
츳ƬǱ֮еı
ʱһɷؼȻһǳĹ
ϸ˼һ£¶𾪵ɫⱾǳС˵ǳ䡷ĹŹ״߽ҲǵˣĴǹǳȻܱŹǵƣΪⱾĿƵһĹ
ܿɹǣǳ书һִеǾŹӲĸٳһ棬Ϊ˵ĺƿߡ
һҲбŹ𾪵ĸоĹȼܶ˲༶Ҳǲ༶۷塣ֵڴǿʼһȫУĹʲôģֱޱϡ
ȻּǴһ棬һһϸҲһ˼룬ǳ䴴ĹֱޱȡǶһ󵨵뷨ǰÿһϸһȻÿһϸǳ书֪ݱʲôӡ
Ź̫ʱˡ
һöŹúõĥֱȫԼ֮С
ȥƾԣǶǳ书Ѿȫ
Ųϸǳ书ȻҲûκε谭
һڣ֮ǰսʱǷԼΪȻһͻƵ⾳˽ס
ֲ̫ˣǰҵ⣬ڲϸڲÿһϸǳ䣬ȴޡ
мȥٶȻٴǳ书ϸռ󣬼ֱ

ԺԼʮȫ
šǿǱĹˣԷȴѸٵͷʦ˵ǶԸ⳼ѧԺˣ
ǣǵġڻ£˵Ҳˡ
Ǻãҹһ¶ǵմйѧԺƸΪѧԺвʦѧԺʦظʮΪѧԺͨͬԱѧԺҵάѧԺⲿҵİȫӪ˪ͳһЭǵ
лԺ˼ͬʱ˵
ǩְɣóһԼ飬ԼԼⶨʮѧԺƸͬ
˻˵ʲôֻʵʵǩԼ֡
ͬЧһҲһˡ

Ԫħ׸
һϮԼķ档
ѧԺһƷ棬Ȼ۾һǳ书һҪ5000㡣
̲סмǳ书ԵΪģΪͨ뱾ģǳ֮ĹҲǳ֮߾кܴԡ
ܶһⱾǳ书ҿ϶аţǵ鿴һԼ㣬ѧ֮ģʵҲֻ1800㣬Զһǳ书ģΪ˾ø㣬ǾֻǰԪħˡ
˼һ£һ⡣


1045 ߣƻ
ʱһձԪħѪ˽үĲ衣
˵ͷ˿ӵͣҰѼйߵ鱨ȫù
һᳵ·ҵҪĶ
һƷŲ裬һϸ
һֱæǸһĨЦˣ
ĶվӰһѾ뿪ԼסٴγֵʱѾжĸۡ
ˡſڵʿ
ţҪ񵭵ɫݣԱߵʿ⻰ȥͨ
ʿܿͻˣȻһơ
͡˵ͷԵĳŸȥ

жƺЩ
ү롣񵭵ȴǲûп˽ⰢжֻᱻΪû
֪˿̵ǲʲôѵ⣿жЩ棬һһٶˣܱϿɵȴֻһ
еС΢΢һЦðжʱڴޱȡ
뽲ж
ԪħսѾ˼ʮ꣬˵Ԫħ˳ʮڣҾʱˡʱָĪĸо
ܽȻòͽ̡жһԽӵԵǫѷ
˵ҵļƻ֮ǰүңȻһƳ
Ȼû⡣жֻܿⷿͰжˡ
Ҳֱ˵ˣҵļƲߺܼ򵥣Գ֮Ϊն׼ƻ˵ֱӵ㣬ǾɱԪħʣʱүȻͻΪԪħ»ʡ
ҵɱǴ磬Ҳ֪ҸûʵжЦ
үھǵõһЩҲʹ˴ԴΪҲǸոմﵽ⾳˽ףԪħѾ⾳Žף羳벻ֹүԪħûԪħʵĶ֣ǲʨʱӣ˵ʵү촦ˡ˵
⻹Ҫлһ˲ʨʵ֧֡жϵ˵
˵ն׼ƻǿǣҲǿʨʣҪһնɱԪħʵˣ˵ǽ赶ɱ֮ơҼƻãѾΪүѡһѵֻҪĺãȻԪħ֮үϻλ񵭵˵ţȫг
赶ɱˣĿԣжЩɡ
үǲôʵƺѾЩá
Ҳû㣬ҲռݲԪħİڽɽжϵ
үҼ˵ȥ΢΢һЦȫǰѰжԵģү֪˭
һ˵Ӱ˰жǰ
֪Ӧӣҿ·Ӧݲ򵥡ж
вѻĶӡҪүĵȻɱԪħʣǻ羳ߣѵɱԪħʣ
ҪôĵжЩ˵һߣǲ̫ˡ
ʵܼ򵥣ֻҪԪħɱΨһĶӲѻһоˮˡ񻺻ôԪħɱ˲ѻʵҲֻҪ˼ɡ
ƻгж̲סǳһ亹
˼ƿУжȻȴЩηĿܵƣʵ̫ľ

Թϵǡ
ΪС粢Զﶼ˵أԲѻ
ƶᣬϵᣬѻμӡ
֣˲ٵˣѻڶİ䣬ָ߸ϵĸо
ףһƷǰ׺Ůūôѻ¶һаȵЦݣūŮūҪˡ
ǣүԱһƤƤӣʼۣ󻨷ǧҲŵԳɽ
ڼòѻȤĶࡣ
ȻһȱһĽɫͼˣѻûи㶮ʲôǱ߾˿ʼ˾ۡ
үȱͼôôǰյõһݲȱͼһ룿ū۾һЩŵòѻһ顣
ˣǰиūðңɱ֮󣬷ʬ壬Ǹū廯˻ҽ֮ȴôղʱҾ;ⶫǸѻЩ
ⶫҪôūѯʵ
ʲôͼ϶ָһطѾһˣֻҪ˭ĵһ룬ҵˣ֪ͼʲôġѻһЦúõһԼ̡


1046 ༶
ū⻰άүܵ
ѻ˰֣ЩԺ
գȱͼңҲ˲ѻ
ȱͼֵôǮͼָĵط϶򵥡ѻ룬Ѿһӣƶʦ
ѻүǸոȱͼ֮˵Ϣʦ
Ĳѻ˵ͷū뿪ˣʦȻ֪Υ˹أǲѻɲҾܾһ̶˵ġ

үôūŲѻĿ⣬һԪħӡ
ţһ⾳Ľ׵Ԫħˣм߶ѻһðСӣܹ߸ˣӦһģΪľͼ
Զ߶ںʲô
ǵõıʼͼָܿľһλߵ֮߶ϧΪ˱ʼǣֻһͼҲҵ֮أڿܣǻû취׼ȷĶλĵط
ͷҪҵһͼУֻѶʵ̫󣬲ȻͼһҲͼóˡһŮð߳˼һ£ΪԸգɫǺܺá
Ҳûа취飬ʱĻұͼҵһͼһȥ̽߶
λð߶Ա˵ͷûκ
ɾʱ򣬲ѻԶ˹ֱվ˼߶Ķ棬ǲ˷ʱˣһͼ
߶һʱɫһ䡣
ѻʱȴЦģҲǲҵΪȻһףһϣδǵĶ֡
߶˵ͷЩð߿ɶսһͲǼ߶ŵܱȵġ
߶üͷֱʵʲô˼
ѻҾǿԺ
߶ס˿ļԱƺܸȤ
ѻʱȴҸط̸ô
߶˵ͷҲ㡣

Ҳ˵ĦС磬Ħ˵ıʼǣȻ֪ͼ顣ѻоЩ˼飬ħǻ羳۷ڣ˵ͻƵﾳ֮ؿɲ򵥣˵о춯صı
߶˵ͷҲֲ²⣺һͼ
ѻ˵ͷһͰͼ˳
߶ĵһۣ۾ģô

֮⣬һս档
ү߶Ѿ벷ѻˣǻհͼָǰȥ̽ħıء͹ү²ģѻҲûа
ѻܴҲҰģ߶һȺ˵ʵֲһжƿ֮УΪܶĦıȻ񵭵
үһо˳Ȼ飬·֮ǲ˵࣬ҲֻΪһ⡣ЩĿ񣬴ƶԣѡľһνĦıʼǡ

Ԫħ̹ǡ
ͼָĵط򡣡߶ɫȻԪħڣ̫ˡ
һŻǣ湻صġѻ˵ͷҪʲô
Ħһĺģֱӿڡ߶˵֡
Ҳͬʱ֣ϵسĺĿǷ˳ԣ
ΧĿռ䶼ЩŤ
ȻйŹ֡߶֡
ӳ쿴иռϲ㣬Կһһð߶ԱָָȻ
ȥ߶ӦбҲȵõԲѻ
뵽֮ڣһȺѸٵķ
ȻԶһ貵Ĺâ
ʲô߶˿ԼһŮԱһֵĴʯ
ħս༶Ůðʧӳǹ༶ĹﲻĦ֮أͻƵﾳ֮Ĵ֮ء
ʲôѹңǸϽ뿪߶æ
ԭǲ༶һ䵭ֻѻ֪ɶʱ˹֮ڣҸҲһֲȱĲ༶ⲻ༶Ҫˡ
ǲѻ߶˵ţҪסԷ
ѻЦһ־ͰѼ߶ɳȥȻһץץסŮðߵĲӣһŮð߱һ⣬ˣһȻô׾͵õһ༶
ôôǿ߶³һѪȴ˼ƽϣʣңҷһ༶
Ԫħ֮УԪħʺȻ¶һ񣺡༶Ȼ顣


1047 
ԪħʲＤĹԪħĶ⹦Ҳֻǰ벻༶ԶԶﲻĲȼܵõһŲ༶ҿڰ֮ھͻƵ羳ΪݺϵĻ羳ߣҲһֱġ
ֻԪħ֪׼һ㣬ŲνĲ༶ն
˺ѿռ䣬ԪħֱӿԽǺ̹ǡ
ӦþѾоԪħʵʶѾ̹ǰУⲻ༶ԪħĽ֮ڷ֣ҷֵ˻ҵĴӣȻӦùҡ
ӰһԪħ̹ǺĵĶϲ֮С
ʣˡ߶¶˼ɫ༶ˡ
ǲ༶Ԫħʿ˿ѻʵЩɡ
ǵģʵĦĴ֮أǲ༶ֽħսҵðСӳԱոѾ鿴ˡ߶е˵
ĦԪħʶʱ۾һȻĴУǿǴˡ
˵ţԪħĿŲѻѹ㲻
ѻʱɫ΢䣬ȴЦԪħʣôĵӣҿĶӣҵĶ
Ԫħʲһ
ѻ˵ͷЩ԰
ԪħʱһͻȻǱǸû뵽Ȼǲѻӣ֪ѻӴŸûУðһҪ
ѻ⻰ĵʱûУոնҶ֡
ֻǲѻĻû˵ֻԪħʺȻ¶׺֮ɫȻûУҲûлˡ
ԪħһֺֻȻռ䣬ֱӴӲѻؿڴ˳ȥ
ѻű͸壬ţ㾹Ȼɱҡ
ԪħʲЦһ༶֪ٻ羳߶ҪĶҵõ֮ǧ꣬ʱҲʲôˣ˵Ϊʲôɱ㡣ң㶼ûиţҲ˭ɱ㡣
ѻ⻰һѪ³ҲûϢ
ʣˡ߶
ˡԪħ˵ţȴһֺֻȻżطץȥֱӰѼ߶ļðСӳԱԼѻūץ˹

Ԫħʴ
ӳ鰡
ʣҪʲô߶Ѿʧɫ
ԷһȻɱˣ»ڡԪħ˵ſǸἸ˵ģֱӾĨɱ˼ˡ
ʣ㡭߶ŵĻ겻壬ԪħʵһĿ᲻
ҲʻȥԺ󳣰ڸߡԪħʵ˵ţȴһвζ

үôͿȻյһѶϢæʵ
ˣԪħʰҵļƻѾɱ˲ѻֻҪѶϢ͸¶Ԫħˡ񵭵
ү̫ˡ;ĿưµֶΣֱѡ
ҵˣԺҲҵĵ£ʲôʵģʡ룬ȴǺϾĿ͡
Ŀô
š
õ϶ĻشҲٳɣæүѻԪħʵĶ֣϶˵ԼݣԪħ֪˲ѻĶӣѵɱɣ
΢΢һЦԪħһ˽ˣֻΪԼ룬һ༶ļֵҪԪħԾǲѻֻ֪ͨҪûеҲɱ˲ѻ˹ȻġҵĲ²⣬Ԫħʿ϶׳ѻû֪ͨȻŻᶯ֣ǲѻû֪ͨȫԼԪħʡ
ϸһ£Щǲѻ֪ͨԪħʣҲأ
ʱɫһԪħʵʱˣõһ༶ĹᱣܣѵͲᡣʵһԪħʶǱɣһ֣ҺļƻҪһ䣬ȴǲˡ
ٴ㣺үǱ༶ô
ʱ̲סһЦȻģѧԺһλʦģԪħʻֻҪĹȥ߻ħⱾҲ²϶䵽ϣŹǵĽǵҲǰһˡ
̲סһүıԶǣҴ±ʼǵѡص㣬ȫһһ
ȴǲʲôʱܽ⣬Ҫǻۡ࿴ƲصֻҪ΢һǵ˿ߣӰ쵽ˡ
ЩȴǾ˵ĺе
֪ʲôˢľɫ䣬ͬʱԪħʣ㾹ȻɱҶҪ
˵ֱ֮˺ѿռֱԪħʹ


1048 ֮ŭ
ԪħʹԪħжħս
Ȼоһļµζ
ô£ΪʲôͻȻָоԪħˢһվֱӾҪ˺ѿռԪħʹ
ȥһȴֻԪħ˺ѵĿռѷ棬¶ͭСѪ۾
Ԫħʹһ£֪϶¶ˣԺ֮Ӧ֮ȴǷָûһеġ
˿ռѷ죬ЦԪħʣôĵӣȻɱҵĶӲѻҪ
Ԫħ⻰תܡ
ڻ£㻹ܣһȭȥռ飬һɻϯȥֱԪħؿһһѪ˳
ˣһᣬԸ⳼Ԫħɫ֣̿ӰǱ֪ԼĶ֡
ҲҪĳֻҪ˵ţٴһȭԪħʡ
û취ˣֻʩչԪħпԪħһ֮ɫȴǴһץֱӾͰԪħʹİԪħ˸ץ˹лʮӣЩ˴˿ȫ£һ֮УǴ˿Ǿ֮ɫ
Ԫħ׼
ԪħʴһֻץԪħ˷׷ܽ⣬γһѪϵճ״Һ壬ȻЩҺһȼһ͵һ
գ
һɿֲӿԪħʵ壬ඥһ㣬ȫÿһѪⶼڲúǺ죬Ϊڷת۾ǳ⾳ﵽ˻羳
Ԫħȭ
Ԫħʸоﵽ˼£͵ؾǳ˹ȥ
һȭֱӺ˿ռ䣬նգţޱ޾ȭӰֱӰ˿ռ֮С
Ԫħһе֣ʹ죺Ԫħ߽˰Ԫħ˵ȴʩ߶ʱڷӳֲ޵еɱһС
ߣ
Ԫħ֪һҲش޷ɱȻͣ
ߵʱ򣬺Ȼֻռѣһ޴ȭͷƬĿռ漴Ϊ˷飬ֱӾγһƬֲʱշ籩
ռȫѪ۵Ϯɱ
Ԫħʴ⣬ȴǻȭӭȥ
ʱϳٵֱۣÿһֱ涼һȭͷÿһȭͷһգһеĿֲơһȭһȭĺԪħʵϣʱԪħ׼õʼģܿһա
䣡
ռŤԪħʵֱӱ˺飬Ԫħʵȴһѱץ˹ȥ
˿̵Ԫħʣɫ̿֡
Ԫħʿȥȴʼġ
ûˡ˲ǵѪһԪħʵ꣬ԪħʵĿռָҲץС

үԪħˣǰý׼˰ԪħˣвٶԪħĻ塣Ϳڵǵһʱ͵õϢ
Ԫħ˲֪壬ν֣һһ΢΢ҡҡͷ߰ɣǿԻѧԺˡ
رôʵ
ѾûлȥıҪˣǰж㹻ʱ϶ôˡ΢΢һЦϾȻҳ⣬ҲҰŵģҵǰжıʿ֪࣬һҪɱĿ϶ǰжȻҡ
˵ֻҪүԸ⣬ʱҲðж촦Ͷʱ۾һ
ǵģ߿ԪħΪɻҡȻɫһ䣬ѧԺѧᳫԪħֱոΪáѾһϢж֮Ӧþ֪ôˡ
ţôܳΪԪħ»ʣж׬ˡ͵˵ͷ
жɲ»ʣΪ¶ѡ΢΢ҡͷԺ֮뵽ѧԺһˣǸֵ򣬹ǿʵȡԪħĻλ˭뵽һλᱻ͵ǰ

Ԫħǡ
ҾȻˣж͹Ϣȴһƨϣ˶亹乡
үʲô飿һжĸѯʵ
û£ûʲô¡жæȴǸֱ˵һ֪СͶһΣա

ѧԺ
Ժϲ£ϲ°һηĽˡ
Ŷʲôϲ£Ǻ
ԪħˣԪħҲȫԪħѾǵƿ֮¡˷ܵոύԪħ棬һ¾ˡ
ǵ˵ͷ鿴ȿ֮϶Щ֮ɫȻ˵ãɵĺܳɫѱӦý㽱ҲӰٷ֮ʮ


1049 ǳ䣬֣
ѧԺһطһѧԺ͵ϢͨѶ֮ϣ+7700
һ̲ס¶𾪵ɫԪħǵĴУǵһֵ塣֪Ԫħ⣬㲻٣Ҳ̫ˡ
˼֮ǰ1800㣬Ȼﵽ9500㡣
ԥģѧԺԴһ档
ȵĿ϶ǳ书ҪһĶȻǵһ͸һˡ
ʣ4500㣬Ҫһʲôأ
ҦһʱԼͬİĿת츳ƬⶫǶơ
֪Լ츳ʱֻAʵҲǴﵽǼҦܵ˸ûȡ
ҧҧ1000һ츳ƬôֱӸһĿ顣
תۣոջͱֻʣ500ˡ

вΧǺ֮СǴϡ
һ鷽Բ״СС֮ϣĿ츳Ƭ
ʼںϰɣ
һ츳ƬԿ츳Ƭɢһɫ˿ߣڻ˵ıһ͸塣
츳Ƭ֮һЩϲ츳һӦǴﵽ˺Ǽ
ںʣµ츳Ƭ츳ȴûٴεõ
ʱһѶϢȻݵԺǼ츳ϵҪĿ츳Ƭ㻹ҪŬС
æ˵ͷлԺ֪һᾡ츳ϵ
ǵ𣺡ǳ书һҪúòʲôõĿҡ
Щж˵ʲôȴǷǵʶѾ뿪ˡ
ʱֱóǳ书ĬĬط
ǳ书ԵΪģΪͨ뱾ģǳ֮⣬ڵĹҲǻۡ
ͨƪ꣬Ϊûǵ漶ԣҲֻǰǰĲָ͸ˡ
ǳ书һΪơǡǺˡǡǡǡڶԭ㡢Ǭʮ硣ھ㾡ȫҲֻ򵽺ǾҲżľвȫѯԺٲҲ취һ򿨺ݿţʼʽ
С˵֮еȫһģ˿˺ܶࡣ
תֱƺ磬ֱӿʼԼ˽𵤸תΪǺˣʵǰǳ书ͼݵʱ޸ĵġϾѧޣǵļ⣬ȻܿǺ˺˽ʵźܴԡ
һ·ȥȫʱʧ

ѧԺְԱռ¡ס
ռ¡ʦʦռ¡˽վ
ѧԺҲмˣռ¡֪ѧԺĿ¡
ǹǰɾλĴڹͻƵ˻羳ѧԺˣֻܳΪѧԺʦɼֵǶô޲ɼ
ռ¡ӿˡЦЦҺ͹ʦһʵҪһҪ񡣡
ʦ˵ռ¡Եúܹ
ԪħսѾˣ㸸ԪħսжȳѧԺֻԪħĽԶǸ޷ԪħĽԿǾԪħһλµĹߣҲһԪħʣΪԪħʵ˾㡣ҲûʲôģֱԵ
֪Ԫħջ᳼ѧԺ£û뵽ô졣ռ¡Щģζȫ
ôʵҲǵƶȣȻֻһʱڣԺԪħĳΪ˵һӣҾöԪħҲʲô¡񵭵
ԪħܳΪһӣڱסռ¡üΪ϶˵ȻҪһȥԪħȻԸȥҺ˽ԪħҲϣԪħ
ã׼һ¾ͿԳˣʦһͬǰȶǰڵơ˵֮ת뿪ˡ

Ԫħ׸
жɫĿռ¡û뵽ָԪħ»ʾȻ㡣̼ǵҴЩ棬ġ㣬ѾµʲôˣȻԵ򡣵ֵ򣬳Ϊ˷²ȴתһԪħ»ʣǹЦġ
ռ¡εĵ˵ͷ壬Ҳû뵽ᷢչӣԺҹԪħ
ж⻰ȴЦռ¡㣬̫ΪˣֻҪס㣬Ԫħҵƿ֮С
˵ţжһֶֻռ䣬Ȼֱץռ¡


1050 ָʮ
ж˵־Ͷ֣ռ¡û˿Ľš
ʱռ¡պȻѣ¶ͭѪ۾ͬʱһֻ޴ĺɫ̽˳ȥһȭ˰ж
ʱѣʱ𵴣жı׸̼̮˷档
жǸоð𻨣˷ɳȥ˼ǧ֮Զ
ǿסΣжһٴγռ¡ߡ
˿ռ¡׼ȷ˵ռ¡Ĺ¶η֮ɫ˭
жЩĻռ¡˿ѧԺһλʦӦҲʶĹ
жһҲģ˿ɫѿ
˭֪ͻƵ羳ȥѧԺ鷳ѧԺ׽ˣֻû뵽ѧԺȻԵ
ѧԺʵȻ̵ڲűԪħж֮űһ仰
̫߿ԪħˣѧԺֻǰԪħһѧԺҪԪħʮǰԪħͲˡռ¡ǲЩܲˣʵҲˣԪħŪڹ֮еʵѧԺһж꼶ѧ
ѧԺж֣һҧгݡ
ΪԪħõĻԺ󶼲Ҫ뷨ռ¡ʰһ¶ǻҪؽԪħʹԪħôĻҾ档
Ȼǧʣ˿̰жҲѾް취ˡ

֧ϵͳȴûٸǷκε
⾳˽֮ǾбҪһγʱıչأúһԼЩ飬Ϊ羳׼
һչأת۾Ȼʮȥ
Ȼһ죬͵۾һֱʣǵնǳһȦ
ȻҵΪѾﵽ⾳Žף羳ȴ֮ѡһȴǲû٣ϲĵǳ书ȫǳ书뵽Լ֮УֻϸϾǵϸĿɳ֮Ҳǻ򱶣Ҳֻǿÿһϸﵽƾ硣ˣҵϸռѾ綷̺Ҳ˰ٱֹ
ÿһϸﵽƾ磬ʵǺֲܿһ顣
൱ǵÿһϸһ浤ߣ൱ʮ浤ߵĺ塣
֮е֮ͣȻ羳Ž׵ߣԱ̫ܰϵըҶʣ
һ൱һϵս֪ԲͨĻ羳ǿ١
ΪǵʵҲѾȫû壬ʵڳϵͳ˵ĿԽһ󾳽Եеļ޿£
ʮȥǰܺܳǶڴ󲿷ҲǵָһӼ䡣
ѧԺ֮УǿһЩķչһжƽȣûʲô·
Ӱһǡ
ǵģҲ˲ٵĵࡣ
ɹȻѾвˡ
ȺɹſڵͶӰ棬ѭŲ̼ҵĴŻϢ
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쿴¥ĵӰԺҪŻ羳ǿߵսƵ˲ãϴξ˹ۿ˻羳ǿߵսƵһ߽ԱһӼޱȣ߿ȥƱ۸ҲһƱҲͲ120ҡ
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˼ӦģҲǺܶթһ⻰βѣԱߵĲ˶һıӡ

ɹ߲㣬ѧԺרꡣ
ɵ̷ԭȻĽƷ
ˣ˪ԵЩϲ
ţڵûм㣬Ͳ϶⡣ЦЦôôʱûûϹ
ûΣȺѧԺ϶ȫˡ˪صʱ䵹ãüΣȥһ˰塣


1051 ֧
һⰲҪȥʲôҿɲЩ򽻵
˪Ҳǵ˵ͷʱȴסˡ
ԭڸոգǾȻյϵͳ֪ͨ
֧ݷð壬ðĺøСҪޡĿ츳ƬʮԼ飬ʮŶ򿨡
ǿ֮Ҳˡ
ող˵Ȥϵͳͷһ֧ⲻŴô
ôˣ˪ֵ
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㰡㡭˪̲סЦ
Цʲôһؼٺúʰ㡣˵ţϽˣҪٴȥҪطˡ

С㣬ʮδΪͻ湻ģȻﵽ⾳סǵһμԷŲ⾳׵Ϊ
⻹Ҫ˼ṩԴȴǰһжƵ˼ϡ
˪˵ȥһ˰壿ֱӿżɽǲʲôҪҰæģеĻֱӿڡ
鵹ûУǼˣҲ֪ģôΪάõ飬뵽ԼļͣҲǹˡ
ѧԺȷ밲죬ȻҪȥǵ˵ͷ㶨һʱ䣬ʱ֪ͨҾС
û⣬ʱѾˣڰ֮󡣡ǸһĨЦԵЩ˷ܡ
Ҹоô䵽Ȧ֮СǺȻЩɻ
϶ǴЦⷴӵǻˡ

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ϵĴ壬ͬǺǼɴҶ˼ʮˡ
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СǮСǮֵһᡣǰ˰֣ʵ֪ѧԺжǮ
ɴʮοռԾѾ뿪컷Сϵǧꡣ
ԶŵôЩȡ
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һ֮ǿһƽ״塣
޴ޱȣبУһ㣬ǧ
ǰڵˣ㿴ǲǾúܹŹ֣ʵһ򣬵ȴǱǰĳ˸Ӳںϵһ飬״ҲǳԸģ״ȫΪ˷֮ƶЩԺ
ӵֶΣǰλˣΪٴﵽ˻羳۷塣ǳ˼һ£˵
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ǾǰףʮСˡʯÿ·
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ʱͷǣɫЩأÿοᣬЩļ̳кѡ˶Ҫһ˻˵˾Ǹվ̨ģһ˭ݸ߹ԼΪߣүСԽпܳΪδ̳ˡ˵ѾʧĴΣǼʧĻǳɥʧ˼̳˵ʸ񡣡
⻰ʱһʲôҿɰﲻæ
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1052 
⻰оһ׵Ĵ棺Ǹһ䣬ڻܻȥô̫ˣҵ򡣡
⻰ͷ˿ǣȷʵǰкܴôģ˵ô
һϸ۾һΪ汦аֱ֣ھǧٶ
ǵӣ΢΢һЦǰ֮оһÿԼһ衣ھмʱ򣬻óǧ͸ǰĹǣҲлõġ
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ҲôΪϾһ֧һûܻü̳˵ʸ֮ͽΪֱ֧㾡еԴ֧һˣõѡ񡣶û֧֣ûκϣʱĴ塢Ϊܵṩǿ֧֣ܵܵ峤޳ȥˣݺ͵λҲˮǴߣ˵ҲΪԼáŮ˵š
ΪҺã˵ãԵЩŭɶĸףһ飬ȸˡ
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Σʵлл㣬ʵҪΪʵҲóֵˡ˵ǸлȴǺؿڲһ
ԭεѡ񡣡ЩЦá

һҹȥļῪʼˡ
һ죬ʣƣలֱϵӵܷ׷˰Ĺ㳡
ŰվһߣȴŰٻ


1053 ̳
Ȼ㳡Ĺ̨棬ͻأĳźۣŰյˡ
˾ǰϣȫǻ羳Ϊ
̲סЩ𾪣컷Сϵһ羳ǿ߶죬ȴһӳ
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ĸ֮ôĵܵܣϣܳΪһ峤סһ֧ĵλ
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ڶ㱨һӣֵͬʱӦϵλϳһһŮӣŮӴŻʹڣЩġ
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ֵʱ򣬶Ӧϵλϳһ״󺺣һѾ޴ͷǿֲ
ٰ˶һǰһ϶Щ㵡
˭˲ѯʵ
ϵʮԭ칫˾˾ʦ֮һĸɽ˹һ£ɽȻҲֻл羳Ľ׵ΪһһױԴ
ԲۣҪϮô鲻Խ˵
ҲԼɼ
۶ߴٰʮңǸߴңȫһİԴɽ
˶һ𾪲ѣ̨İҲԵðʮ㣬ƵĿ˿Դɽ
ʱ򣬰ɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ϊ̨ĵܵܰ棬ڰֵʱ򣬶ӦϵλϳһӣӴһɫۣ澹Ȼ澺ıʶ
羳Ϊ澺ؾڳԱ֮һ૵ܵõ澺ȫ֧֣Ϊһμ̳߼ǰ϶顣
ǰϵ澺ȼ࣬Ҳ͵õλԱʦ֧֣澺֧ľͲǲˣһλ羳׵ڳĽԱһǻ۵ӷ
ĻȴΪ֮һ
Ϊ澹ȻΪ澺ؾؾ֮һļѧԱܳΪλؾ֮洫ѧԱͻλؾ֮ȫ֧֡
ٰ϶΢΢һˣǵʱƶҪͶһƱ
澺ؾ֮ǿɶʵʵߣأ˵ǰͽᡣ
ɼ۶ﵽһʮңﵽһٶʮңҲǰеġ
һֱ˵ʮλֵ˰


1054 һ
Ҫϳǵ㲻һ£Ժ
ǲǺǣһ㡭ҸղŶˣǼʮλ̳ߣ㾹Ȼŵڶ
һۣûм֧֣ҵڻûб̭㲻ˡ
⵹ǵ˵ͷʵģֻǿϧûһõĿɽⱲǵľ
ޱǣ֪˵ʲôãǱߵλÿôˡ
ǵ˵ͷ˿Ѿʮ˸ˣȫǻ羳ǿߣѹɽ󰡣
Ų̋Ӱһǳ˶ϵλ档
˵λŻͦ
ðǿ˿ԼߵһӣһŻ羳һ׵Ϊơ
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ȥðﰵΪ羳˲ˣڷַܰ裬Ǹһ£֮ǲǾҪˣÿ˶ٵţ
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⻰ȴЦȻЩ׳յĿǣܾԼǲֱƭˡ
ǵĳٰ֣˶Ƕָָ㣬ԼųЦƵĿ
ϸһǵ̸ʱˡ
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ߣΪһŮΪһ峤֮λסĵλ岻ݴǵΡļ㶼ôģҲ˵ЩֻҪðΪһ峤ð޸һȺֻݵޣҲóȴһɺݶͲΥ
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ǰ𾪣ܴеڣûԭġ
˾ӪԺҩ˾ıǱ֤˾תļʵܡ
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ʱ򣬺Ȼūó׹˾̰ЩõĿڵɽ´峤ҿԴɽͦģǰھָΪһ峤ұ֤ūó׹˾Իȫ֧Σ
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ǿ뵽ϵͳ֧ðĺøУõʱ
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󣬵˶ˡ
ʱ˶ɵˣ̰ܵϸˢһ³һĨɱ


1055 Ƿ
Դһֻһ뷨ԺΪɶҪء
Ҫ֪뷨϶ΪԸⰡΪϵͳ
˵仰˵һǲ˶ĺøжֱ+60
ʲôнΧʲôоȳʲôмʱ꣬Ǿһĳˡ
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ϸһĿ֦Ѿ֮УɫҺЩҺ֦ѾĶˣһЩɫľЩ裬ɫҺٶȺÿҲǼϡ٣һһ֦ѾҪϰ۳һ衣
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˵ķ裿̲ס²ǿԺʵһ·
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ԣǿ


1056 ˭۸
ʱҲ˵ʲôˡ
ڰ죬԰ѾЩ˽⡣
ĸ֧Լֱ䵽ôƫԶСϵȥֵܿѾһ漣ˡ
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Ȼ֪˵Ǽ٣ĺܸжǣ۾΢΢Щʪ󣬰յ˵˵ǵȱĺӡ
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Űɽ´Ļ£ʮŸ羳ǿֱȥ
ǿЦһһȴǿԽ˲ռ䣬ֱ˿ռϲ֮С
ǣҪʲôɵˣĳǺ
ʲôȻ衣ǻͷŰģǲ̭ġ
Ϊʲôôɵ죬£ϧʱѾˡ
ռϲǰ𾪣ôС罻һ𣬿һصȻʵΪ֮ĿĲԶôСΪṩ֣Ұ㱣˭ܾܿǰĵһˣλ˵еﾳǿߡ
ǳȥ֦Ѿ涼һξӨҺ壬ǳ͵衣
һ裬ȴл״СҿǰʵҲͬڿռ
ǿһ裬־ץ˹ȥִ͸ʮռ䣬һֱһƬʵĵطеĿ衣
գ
ǵͺһһס裬ȻѸٵİ˴ƿ֮С
ֻǼӵʱ䣬Ǿȡʮ裬ٶҲˡ
ڵ⣬ǺȻһֱǶ
С㾹Ȼĸҽ̰һһȭǣ޴ȭͷֱüСĿռ飬Ȼֱӵǰ
˶ע⵽һĻˡ
ΪʲôҽܾȻѼϰٵ裬ùԹԵ׸ҰɣЦһϸתǳ书Ȼǳ书߶ֻĽɫıڶкȻЩ۳һɫȭͷֱ˺˲ռ䣬̰ܵһȭײһ
һ졣
̰ܵɳȥҲɾʱ̰ϰٵһ״󺺴ȥץ˹ȥ
״󺺣ǻ羳Ľ׵ĸɽ
ƤժӣûţǷŭٴδĽɫģֱ۳һѽɫ񽣣Ÿɽնɱȥ
һ飬ѾΧ۵һȺԹȺڳĿɿڴˡ


1057 
ܶ˶ΪԼˣ⾳ôôȻ羳߻Ҫֲ
ң껹һ˶羳ߡ
ȷе˵ǿġ
ɫնգԽʱ˸ɽͷż©ĸɽŵһѰ師ӭȥֻһ죬ɽоһɾƶˮһ˳ȥԼòȡĽٵҲƮɶ
ԹԵ׸Ұɣ
һץ˫ֻÿһץһ衣
գ
һȣ̰ܺ͸ɽ裬ԼٵΣȫС
̰ܺ͸ɽʱڷӦ˿ٿǣѾ˼ɵǾ¡
⾳Ž׾Ȼս羳Ľף˭ġ
һλϣ˿̡桯һ£ص⾳ΪȻѹ羳Ľ׵̰ܺ͸ɽǷϵһһšͻƵ羳ǲֱѹ羳׵ߡ
ԱߵһλҲһʾȫͬ⾳ս羳˻еģǴҲ̫ˣƽҼǵǰŮ֧ߣʱһҲˣڿȫ¡
һλϣ˿ȴ۾һ˰󣺡ǰĸף֪ǲǰδǰܼ޸ˣǰܶһǿԮ
˿亹乣ѾǵʵŵĻ겻壬ԭ֪ȻһȦ
ôʲô֮Ͽ󲻻شЩõ
ϣҲǺ˽⣬ǴܲͻƵ羳˵ǲ̫ˡ˼һ£ڿڡ
Ϳᣬϲһǧ궼ȻսҲԵΪţ羳ͻƲˡҲ²⣬ԺпܳΪﾳǿߣ߳Ϊһ۾ѹһϵԵúǷŭ
ǱֵĿɿڴˣˡ

ʱǸ̰ܺ͸ɽȡ衣
裬ҲԹԵ׸Ұɣǿ֮ǰԱߵӣһֻȥֱӶʱգһץסʢĴƿȻʮ衣
ס֣ҵġӷŭǾͳ˹һͷʮͷβľޣںڵצ˺գǾץ˹
ȻҷжԶҹԶǸհռһ飬ӳԼ֣˵ʹӿռӲץһԲľ޴壬Ȼ˹ȥ
һ졣
ӵһצûץסǣͱײ˳ȥһɾǷɵ˿ռӰ

ǲЦͻƵ⾳Ž۷֮ǳ񹦣ȫһǳӵ˿սѾþݡ
Ժ˵羳£Ѿ˿
һ羳ǿ߱ǴɳȥһȺΧ۵İӵܶѾľˡ
˭Ҿ֪˭һӵָǣг𾪣ʣµֻĤˡ
ֱֱ̫ˣ˾һbug˴һ˵ˡ
˵ԭϵһλӣ⾳ʱնʮ羳ߣǰ˼ֱ뽣һޡһĳ૵ǣѾһڳɳĳǣδϾͷ
Ҫ˵Щ𾪵ģҪ
ؿɼǹǴ͵ģڿչֳĿɣҲ˾޴ϣ
δػᱻ̭
˺ʲôϵ֪ǵҪԣ˿Ҳ֪ƤʲôˣֱӾ͹ѯʰ
ʲôϵ׾Ͳ֪ˡЦȴ˾޴ĵ׻ȫֵ֧ܵܰɣ˭ϼ֮λһء
㡭ôûв֮⣬ȴǿŭֻҪôת֧ܵܣҿԲٹ飬Σ
׻Ǵһֺ̣ҸϲԼԴ˵
ˣ㻹롣ѾŭɶȻִ̧
׿ҪˣһȥҵνҴλҲճ˵ţϻЩЦ⣬ȴǷ̵Цݣ⻰Ȼŵļæջ֣Ȼ˦ȥ
ף㻹һλøءŰıӰɫ˵תҲϣʼעᣬ˿̵ľҲӼˡ


1058 
ֻʱٴһ˵裬ҩŮŮɯ
Ȼһٶ裬ȫˡ
ֱУ˿ûпɯҪɱһɫ
ҵ軹ң
ɯ뿪Ůʵ󣬳Ǿӳһɫֻһ־գ֦Ȼһǳ
Ķ㻹Ҫȥǳ롣Цһɫıڶһ㴩֮Уһٵն׷ױնϡ
ٸ壡ɯͺȵһŵǰȥ
ʵסҶܡЦһ֮Хצץ
ɣֱӾ˼ı塣
ֻȻоη壬Ѹٵת۾ֻصɯС
Ӧ֦Ѿ֦Ѿˣڹͺͺģʵѿˡ
ߣ
ǿһ𾪵ɯȫԷٴγһ羳ǿ߶ˡ
Էǣŵɫ԰ףҪӳڵʱա
ߣ衣
Ǵһһֶֻ˺Ŀռ䣬ֱץסӵļ
޴һ类ˮһټ
ȻҲһٶ裬
ǵӸոȡ裬Ҳռ޷ʹÿռװȻҲûôٱˡٴλһٶ裬ǵѾﵽٵΣռܹ֮һ
ģһѾĸˣȥˣȻ˭ȡ衣ɽΪѾǷŵһ棬˿ҲںʲôԶˣֻҪܸɵҵģΪǿ֮һȻܻòƵ衣
֧֣˱̭̰ܶǳ˺⣬ȻǵһӦ
Ҳ֧֣֮ҵǷҪȫҡɯŵ
ҲһֻҪҵһݡӳ
̰ܺ͸ɽ˿ζĵ˵ͷȴӦɯӣ֮鵽ʱ˵
˵Ǿɱ˹
Ҫһˣ˹ǳϣȻˣǰֺûá
Цһһȭȥֱ𵴣ռŤ˻ûվȣͱٴξ˿ռ֮С
ʱӰһһӳɱȥ
ǲҲǰʦ
ǰ֧ܵܵߣǸĶ󡣡ǿǼǳĺܣ־ǳŲץȥ
㾹Ȼҵ衣ǵĶףĳһӣֱն磬ǵƣǻûƴˣֱɢ
ؾڳԱʵѹͷˡǰЦһȷܾޣҲˣ˼ת֮£ȫɢȻַϢΧȫ˽ɫһз۳һĽ񣬶ǽ֮Уķ򶼿ʼᾧ
Ȼҽ׶βֶΣһܵ˵еʶ
漴һ̤кʥ⣬嫺ƿնѸײڶ֮ƹ˲
֮䣬˺Ʋ񷣬硣
ʧɫֻһɫХβһ˦ռ飬ֱӰ߻أ˿ռ䷴֮С
ߡ
ЦһһץֱӴӿռ֮ץ˲Ĵƿֻ澹Ȼİٶ衣
ҲҪո˵衣
ʱǿҲȡĲˣȫϸһӿһΪֱȡĻ羳ߡ
ʲô⣬ҵĶ
Ȼ뿪˰壬㲻ú
쵰ΪС
˼ͬʱǸܲˣľͰ˵Ҳˡ
裬ټٵΡ
꣬ǳˣһʵʩᡣ
裬ټİٵΡ
ΣѾ˶ǧİٵ裬ռİ˳ɡ
ʱҲ׵ˣʮŸ羳ŵİΧǷŭޱȡ
˵ֻһ˻ãһôˣҲѹֱ˻ϵһ顣һ̲ס̾Ϣ
裬Ȼ߲ռ䡣ɫָǣҲǶݺݵĿǡ


1059 ֮
ǿһĻɫȻ
ʮŸ羳Χ˭١
Ǻη壬Ϊӿʼڣûóȫʵ
Ͼ֮ǰսǲֻϸ֮е֮еȴһ㶼ûʹá
ˣϸ뵤붯ϣǵսףﵽ羳ס
ʱҲ̤ͣգתΪܴ裬ǿЦúܡ
ޱȣһȭգתÿռ䶼ӽ顣
㲻⾳۷ѣѵ첻ɡ̰ŭȵǿ̴˿ռ䣬С֮л죬ò
ǿԡǵηֺ
ϣҪ
ɱ裬Щƽ֡
һΪ
ʮŸ羳˵ţѾȫһ¡
˻Ǳ뺷ʮŸ羳ߵ֣Ȼη塣Ͼ⾳Ϊսǿ󣬿սأΪľҰܡһϳ˼һ£ȻֿƵĸо
ǰ⾳ͻ羳Ĳ࣬Ϊ羳˻ֻҪ治𣬻ⲻ⾳ܱȵġһλͬûл⾳ĳ־̫һ޴ı׶ˣа취
ֻ֪棬ѾϢԴԴ
Ǿòˡȴ뷨

һʮŸ羳ߣûеŶԷ
ʱתϸǳͬʱתһǿ漴ڶֱ֫ٺ
ϳ뵵ɫ٣ħ
һʮˣȻ˽
䣡
ռ飬С֮ҲĿռƬǧСӽԵ
ͳͳȥ
һһȭȥʱշ籩ĲֻоԴһΣû˿ռ֮УټֻһѪѪҺƮɢ֮С
ˣʧɫ

죬ס
̰ܴһɽӦֻʮ˶ǴһЩۺһ񷣬ȫһ֮С
ǻ羳ߵĴС֮ǱһС֮С
ʮ˿ǱʼϵسСעʹСľϵӵȹ̣ǳĻᡣ
ߣһɫĻһѳСն˹ȥֻС֮ʱձеһ˲ǿ½췭ظ
ⳤնС֮ϣȻֻһѷ죬ûдơ
죬ע
ɽߴٵɫ󾪣С綼ס羳׵ߣȻ㱻Ǵƣǻˡ
˸ӷĹעϵԽԽȹ̡
ٴһնȥʱȴѾ˷ֺСľϵ
סˡ
ͺðˣֱӰѹ
ãһ𡣡
һλϿһĻΪǿϧ̫޷ˣ˻Ҫ͵С
λӵ⻰ͷ
˿̿ǣ˫ͣ˳˵ĺͻ̿֡
һ˷ܣļһοôš
С֮У΢΢üͷȻƣǾͳͳˣҵͨϿ涼ܸɵοС硣
˼תȫ³ȻϢ漴һ¯ȼ֮ܵ
¯ֵһ˲䣬һǿˣСһȫǿ¯֮УǼӲޱȵľϵ

ǵͺһн¯һжǻΪΪ׵֡
ϸ֮Уǳ书붯ʼЩ
ĵ֮УתǺӳһĻ
ۿɼģС翪ʼ̮طǱմһ
ǵϢҲԽӵǿֱʮλ羳ڸඥ
ãǵĻɽ˿򣬵һ˹Ȼɫֵ̿˺
⻰Ҳ
һΧߣ˿ȫǺͣʮλ羳ߵΧⶼֱܷ̣췽ҹ̷һ㡣
ɾ硭֮ţ
Ǵ˿ȴǹ˲ЩˣԺ֮кȻĶһɲ״Ķۡ


1060 Ϊ
ǰ򣬴˿ҲкǡôȻҪͻƵɾס
ɾ磬֮
ɾ磬ȴѾƿ컯ٿط򣬲˶˳ͻƵ磬֮Уܴ⾳ͻƵ羳ˣҲǰٲһ
ѾͨеĹؼʮݷ˿̾Ȼˮɵĸо
ʲôǷǰǾǲٿط֮ˡ羳֮Ϊ̺֮֮ٴʱաɾ̺֮֮ͬɳ֮Ϊ
Щ֮еʼ񱩶ħ裬潫
һ¡
֮УһĨɫ
ɫһһѹţƲ񷣬صĿֲܡ
ˡ
һϲʽͻƵס
ӷٵת֮գз򣬸ɫ֡
Ҫͻˡ̰ܷˣ˿̸оˣ˭ͻƣҲǴٳ֮һ
⾳۷Ѿ˵ãͻƵ羳Ҫ졣һϵĹ
羳ҪͻƵ羳ˡɫֲ̿ѣǿ߶˳ɼجΡ
ֻмͻƣǴҲûˡ
ɾʱ򣬸ɽһǵ裬Բ˳ͻˣʱ򹥻Ȼֹͻƾ硣
һȻıϡ
ʮŸ羳ͬʱ֣Ϊֹ˺ƿռ䣬ȺǶҡ
ѾɵС磬Ȼѣ֮¯˲ʧȥеԴ
Ƕʱɫ䣬ŭȻͻƣȻҵĽҲ⡣
תֱӵ˼£ֻ֮ϳһ޴ɻӰɻӰſڣֱӰеĹΪ븹С
⵮ɻӰȻҽ׶εı־
в˼֮ѹ˼֮ܣܶȥδһʱպѹаɹ⡣
ʮλ羳ߣ˿ŵĻ겻壬ǿǣѾ޷ֹ
һȴûճû׷ɱʮˣǴһţֱǧ裬ȻʧȥʮλߵĹඥҲҪһͻƾ硣
壬ӵ
һֳ֮֮ΰ׽֮е˲䱻ȼ
ɫ׷ӿ֣λ۳ɺӣ۳ɴ󺣣Ȼ֮ϯ棬Ǭ񲸲ǳҡ
ɾ磬ڵˡ
ţ¿ȥռ˲̮һСжˡ
˿˿̾Ҳҡҷ
ͻ֮Ѿȫ׽һϴ˿̱أȻǷͬһ
⾳Ž׾ɲɱ羳ĽףԿʮλ羳ǿ߶ܣͻ֮󣬻羳ѾĶ֣ʵѾЩ˼ʮ档һϸһߵۣܰչ鰲壬һλ
ٰӵܣǣ˳羴֮ɫ
Ҳ֮ǰĵģЦ绨ʮλ羳ߵΧ֮£ӭѶϣնһͻƻ羳Ǻεȵݡ
ŵ˵Ⱥ֮󣬴˿Ƕˣеֻǻֺ̿Ͳ
Ǵ˿ٴοʮŸ羳ߣɱ⣬תÿռ֮жһס
ãҪɱǡ
ͻˣǸǶˡ
⵽ðĽɫֱǾ캧أδš
ʲô뿪
ʮѸٵıڣٶȿ磬ʱɫģΪ֣֮ռͳʮץ˹ȥ

޴Ļ֣֮˺ѲʱգĨɱһУʱգɱɱ𣬺顣
Ҫ
ɱңǹ˾Źġ
ϣǻ֣ˣҲù
λϻཻһ˵ͷһ漴һԾɾˣͷ죬ŲȴأһȭȥʱеһжǻΪޡ
һȭסǵơ
ңǵ̹ǣ߸ϣΥ档
飬ǶǰĿˣ˭ǶҪΪİȫ𡣡λ˵ţͬʱǵֻҪס֣º󰲸длɱʮλ羳ߣڹʵҲǲС鷳
Ŷ΢΢һѾ⣬ǺãҪǧ衣


1061 
ǧ裬Ǻܶ࣬Ҳˡ
Ͼ壬ÿҲͲջһ裬ھЩ˼ҼҴҵģʣӦҲǺܶࡣ
Ҫǧ裬ӦڰĵϣʵҲһӣʮŸ˴϶Ҫл壬Ժʱ򣬶
λϳ˼һ£ɽ
ǵ˵ͷ˵ʲôֱӷʮλ羳뿪
ھɱЩˣҲûκκô˵ǱķˣҲﰲ壬ϵͳ֧޷ɡ
õĽ취о仰շ
뿪ռֻʣһˣ滹ʣµİ裬ҲǸȫȡˡϰŵǧ裬ȥͻĵģΰһУǧٵ裬Ϊ˱ס̭϶Ҫóһֵ衣
ռ裬ǽ̤գĿռ˳
˿˿ǳ˳羴֮ɫ
뿪ֻ֮ЩոձǴƵС磬ʼǿգ컯λ죬ޣɽһеһз׷׳֡
컯˲޵У񼣡
֮
ţЩţһеһжȻﾳʵ
ͣ롣ɽ´ʱǰֵļǫ΢΢ǹһ
šǵ˵ͷలҲص˹㳡μҲβ
㳡֮ϡ
ǿʮ˫޵۾ȴȫˡ
лŲƵĵԼλϣۡ٣䡣
̳˿˵βڽһɼλ룡ɽ´һʱʮ̵Ůӿ
̰ܵɫѿʲô裬־Ů뿪
ļˣһҲó˲һٵ衣
ʱԾĿǣ֪ǻΪóٵ衣
ŵĪڰ˿඼ˣĴһ֮ڣȫˡ
ߣ
ǱӵĿ̰ܵˣóһƿһţ˶Ϊ֮ȡ
ɼ+500ҡɽ´ʱ˳ֻҲһԾ˵ڶһİ780ң˵Ĳֻ10ҡ
ǽ˹ˣûб̭һǰһӵܴ˿̺Ϊˡ
ǰδ㰲˼ԺҲҪС뷨ĴŮӣǶôһϹ
лл㡣˿̿ǣеĸм֮ٴλΪˮ
Ϊ˽ʱֻ̳˵仯
ɽ´ʱ˳ݰĹ涨λϷֱһڵɼλϰԼɼͶ˰ԴɽλͶ˰һλͶ˰ܵļ̳˳ɼһŰٰʮڡڶԴɽŰٶʮڡ˰ʮڡ
ǵ˵ͷȻӵڶ˵ҲԱ֤β̭ˡ
һλϾȻƱͶ˰Щ⡣
ɽ´Ļڼ˴̳ߣǽʧȥᰲһμʸǵֱַǡ⣬ݰأǰ֧ߣԻüһԴֺ֧ͼŻߡǰߣøľӪȨ
һʵʵĺô
Ͼǵļ̳Ķ϶١
ɽ´ȿ˰һĸȨǷģ
ϵҡҡͷʲôЦոԼСϵͽԭ칫˾Э飬ôܸġ
ǰԴɽͬʾԸġ
ǰ컷Сϵʵƶ񤣬ܻһСϵһһ۶϶Ӳ١ǵǵʱ򣬰ԥľܾˣ컷Сϵƶ񤣬ڣѧԺڣܿȡü֮λıϡ
Ȼλ̳߶ԼӪΪλ̳߷εĽɽ´˵ţʮ˷ֱʮռָ
ʮλ̳ȡ֮󣬰ɽ´ֱ˼ᵽ˽
˷׷뿪
ʱȴһ˰ߣȤ涼ʲôöǲǸ÷ҵ㡣


1062 Ѱ𣿵Ǹ
ǣȴƤԺῴ㶫
ȻСŮӻǿš
ţֻʵҲûʲôҲһЩҩһٵ衢ԼһƼɴеһݾ۴ӼЭ顣
ЩʧʲôҲôԣ
˵ԶѧԺ
˵ģֻҪܴѧԺͼݶһһ༶ԺҲǰ;ˡ
ҽһôһλϺȻߣȻֻʱձ任ѾһصС磬һ̻Ի͵Ĵ档
װơﰵҲŻ羳ΪܿλϵС磬λϵΪʵҲ⾳߽۷塣
ǣѧԺ˼һ£ûֱ˵ѧԺԺ
εıֿƾžޣϵʷϣľŶûмλϵ˵ĲǼٻ
ȴǲûиоʲô漶츳ټֲ༶Ĺ㱾¶ûУǻ̫ˡ
֪ԸԸ밲壬οһְϳ˼һ£Ȼ֪Բ󣬵ʵ
䣿ǹϵҡҡͷͲˣѧԺ顣ǰĸλϣԸȥѧԺְҾԻӭ
Щ޷׵뿪壬ȻҵȥǸѧԺ΢΢һЦҽаˮζлǰӣŵǧ衣
ҺͰѣȻð²̨΢΢һЦǺİǧС

߰ɣû컷Сϵˡڰµķɴ棬ŶȺŰƵƷ
šڳ˶־ڼϮ֮λ˺ܴġ
˵ķɴո뿪컷СϵȻͱһƼɴ
ɴ״ͷܿޱ
Ա߻мʮΧ۷ɴ̻вڹ
ǼһҪùˡһߣЦ
кϷˣˣ˵Ҳܼˡһǣڴ
ܰ׽ūʱһȻĥҩŮŮɯ񶾵š
ūó׹˾ķɴɫ΢䡣
ѰôЦһֱӷɳ˷ɴ̤գնһɿֲϢӳȥƼɴǻζ
̰ܵķɴ֮УʱȻ̽һָ
ָһ㣬֮˺ѿռ䣬ǳ棬Ǿǵ˹
ǿЦһͷ¶βѵǼùô
ɫ۳һԼʮſڴ죬ֱӾҧסָ
ǿѣռ䶯ཻ˸ǼĿռڶ
Ǹָ΢΢Щ㵣͵ؾջ֣вʵ˼쳹ǡ
Ƽɴ棬һǰӿ˿ԼָȻѪɫҺ塣
ôܡ̰΢΢ЩɵۣҪ֪ǰλ˿Ż羳߽׵Ϊ
һּΪֲĲ༶սǿҿܶĶ֡˼һ£񣬴˶ΪǵجΡ
ˣǡ̰ЩˣҲδ̫ˡ
˵ˣ˵ʲôΪֲı򲻿£˾˵̰꣬ܣԵ߳˷ɴ
¶ôǿӣĮ
ūó׹˾ħɲӳ΢΢ף֪ôƺոնðˡ
ѧԺǡǵ
ԭһᡣħɲЦЦ̰ܣǸ
ҡ̰ɫ࣬ǿǣȴǲò˸߹ͷ­Բԭ¡
û£ҲúƽϡǾúȤħɲǵĺܡ
ˣǾʹˡħɲ˵֮󣬴̰ܻ˷ɴȻôˡ
Χ۵ˣ˿̶Ŀɿڴˡ
ˣôˡ
ūó׹˾ļ¶ˣȴôˣСô

ʱĿܣպգЩΧ۵һȺɴˢһȫˡ
߰ɣ
ǻص˷ɴ棬ɫƽ
š
˵ͷɴѾʼ˿ռԾܿ첻ټ
ūó׹˾Ƽɴ棬ħɲ΢΢üѧԺǺηʥҾȻδ˵


1063 ɱ
ħɲ˼һ£úбҪһѧԺĵϸ
ʱǣȴѾȡˡ
˿̰֮УǸ˰ӣȻǻ˰ĺøС
񣬲κ⡣
һƷĿ츳ƬʮԼͶʮŶ򿨡
ǶԴ˶İʮԼ飬츳ƬͶ򿨿϶ҪŵѧԺѧǶһ
ʱСϵ
ҦɴǰϵСϵҲ֮غӡ
Ҧܵķɴ棬ֻһ
ˣҪĿȡһŮӣݸҦһŨĿȣȻ󾲾վһߡ
ллҦȻ֪ԷǻˣȻֵĺܿСѾǻжòܵӡ
ˣݼ㻹ҪСʱСѾصҪϢһô
ˡҦҡҡͷȻɴ֮д˾֮
棬ռ䱻޷пռԾɴܻ˷̶
ô£Ҧ΢΢ü̧ͷǿտȥɫ΢䡣
ֻǿ֮УµӣŰΧ
⾳Ҧ¶𾪵ɫͬʱǷŭ뿪ؾѾСˣȻܲ鵽٣Ǿֻһܣؾ֮˰ٸй¶˳ȥ
˭Ҧܷɳɴ˫֮͸¶һɱ⡣
ƮѩеһһЦؾҼҼ֮׽ȥƮѩϵܷ
ѩǧ񣡡Ҧɫ
֡⾳ƮѩҦܣ֮ǿһȻ⾳˽׵Ϊ
ץȥƮѩϵǻʸ񡣡ҦЦһȴǺη壬˫֮ɳİģЩֱ۳һѰ񳤽Ө͸صɫ
⾳ӣһֱһɱ˹ȥ
ۣâѣһֲĽֱ˺˿ռ䣬ʱգնɱϡ
ֻһѪƮɣѾǺ֮УʬΪ룬ûϢ
ˣ˿̶Ǵʧɫѡ
ôܣվŽ۷ΪȻһɱ⾳׵һʧȫ⣬һĻֱǲ
˵ؾŵѧԱһ˲༶һЩСģһҪ˽񡣡Աߵһѵ
ʣµˣС࣬İҦܵͬȵĴڡ
ҦһЦȴɱһ˳ˣȻķ˹
󣬰ıڶ۳һǸЩȴǷ׷ױ仯Ϊɽӣ˵Ľ˺ѿռ䣬ŤʱգſֲĽҪնɱħ
⻹ҦܵʮУѾŹõĸʺ֮ںϽ֮У֮С
кɽˣɱ֮䡣
⾳ĹֻоСһ㣬նС
꣬꣡
⾳ף⾳߽׵ƮѩȫֵסҦܵһ׷ױüģϢȫޡ
˽׵⾳ӣ˿ĵѣʧվ۷Ϊƭӡ
ҦܲЦվ۷ΪʮǰΪʮǰͻƵ⾳ʱ͵һ£Ǻõġ
˵֮Ҧܳӳɱȥ
ĻΪĳ͵سһնɣΪһ֮˺ѿռ䣬ƺƵ
ϸȥǰ֮ϣÿһƬǻΪһѷɽһӳӺɱȥ

ӷʹĺУȴҲûκͱ򽣴ģ
ҦһȴǸ˲ôɨսص˷ɴ棺ߣ뿪
ζԷΪԤ㣬ԲŻʧƮѩȻλλã϶ץ
ڵΪ׾ɱϾҲֻ⾳׵ΪƮѩȣʵ̫
õģˡСѾָӷɴͿʼпռԾ
ǷɴոҪпռԾʱ򣬺Ȼҷɴ
ҦһоһɼǿϢϮϢ̹ǣʱɫ䡣
Ϣֻڻ羳ߵϸܵ
ƮѩҦܼʧȻȴǺɣͳȥȵʼ
ȻɱƮѩȻСһֻһӵŮӺبգһҦܵķɴһƬƬѩȻ¡


1064 ץӪ
Ҧɫѿȴɴʼݡ
ֻһɴѾɳȥ˰ƮѩһЦѣǳ˵Ρ
һ㣬պȻѩƮ
ڷӶݵķɴ棬Ѹٵĳһı˪ҷɴҲ֮ͣС
羳̫ǿˣҸǶ֣ҪˡҦŭȴѸٵӳɴԶӶݶȥ
Ʈѩ𾪣Ҧܴ˿̵ٶȶѾӽ⾳Ž۷ˡ
һЦֻǴһһѩƮɶһֻѩ֣ռ䣬Ҧץ˹ȥ
ҦܸܵΣգıڶɰ񳤽նȥݺʮ
ѩƱ񳤽裬Ȼͣ
Ʈѩ˿ȴ۾һȻǲ༶ûƭңĹʺҶˣȡҶ
Ʈѩ뵽ָٴһ㣬ֻǱѩƣȻѩΪȻһ޿ƥе̬ץȥֱӰҦܵĽӸץϡá
ۣ
ҦһѪ³о
Ʈѩһͺһã
ֻҦΧƮ޾ľӨѩЩѩİסҦܣҦܸá
ƮѩȵҦȫס΢΢һ֣ҦܾͻΪһѩС䵽
ҶҦѾץˡ
ƮѩһѶϢ߳ȥֻѩ裬ȻӰͳʧ֮С
ؾ֮УȻյһѶϢϸһȻѧԱ֮һҦܷģһϢ
ȻץҵѧԱǸɫ࣬ǷŭҪֱƿ뿪ؾ
ʱһ˹ϸӣؾҲһλĽԱ
ʲôüһ飬ûպㆪ¡
ҪȥҦܰɣϾ˵Ϊ£ҾȫûҪȥץҦܵƮѩҲ֪Ʈѩһݣɲʲô¡
ߣ㾹Ȼ֪£ҲĹˡɫȻޱȣһɱ⣬ȴǶԴ޶ã룬ƹѧԱŮ鲻ŮҦܵĶӦòѡͬˣԸؾѧԱҪؾ֮϶Բ˶ߡ
˵ؾ֮Ĭأʱȴ˵һô𾪵Ļ
ôܣؾ֮ôĬ飬λؾ֮ѿڶʵ̫˼ˡ
λؾ֮ͲùˡеԵɣҵǿԸ㡣ҦĲ༶Ҳ֪жϣֲ༶ĵȼܸߣؾ༶ؾѾΰʾҦܰŹ׳ϧǼһһװɵ㶣ʵǸҪؾҲֱӶ֣ṦȻ澺ĸ߲ǿ϶ҲҪ군˽赶ɱȴò˵ޱȡ
ҿؾ̰ͼҦܵĲ༶ĳЩ뷨֪澺ҦĹôǿ󣬵ϵ澺ûУѵһ澺ûУֻ˵ĳЩˣĳؾ֮˽ġ
ô˵ɣƮѩҦ֮ܽ󣬻һݸǡǲܣʱҲŹʸǹˣܳܵġ˵ɫȻЩ¡
ǿ֣ǻɱңԲԣأȴ˲ͨ˹ؼ鶼漰һλؾֹ֮ġ
ҿûô˵һЦĻȻ˼
ãҿԲ֡ɫǺܺãվǳˣԲΪҦܿǣǱΪԼǣһҦԸ⽻༶ؾ֮е༶ҲҪѡһ֡
ôԥһ£ʲôʾܿ͵õ˽ãɽ
ɽڳЦ⡣
뿪ѸٵİҦܷϢɾˣһеȫȻ֪
ͬһʱ䣬ѧԺ
ҲյҦܵϢҦܵĴˣ֪ʱչأʱ˵ѧԺܿܲἰʱ鿴ϢǳΪǵԺ飬ȫȨѧԺв飬϶ע⵽ʼȻһʱ䴫ݸǡ
ȻյѶϢϢ֮ǸǷһʼȻͣҵ
Ǳ߻ûеõظȴѾҪжˡ
ؾѧԺ𣬴˿һࡣ


1065 Ʈѩ
ҪƿնȥԥһµҪҪһԺĻظ
ʱȴǹϵҡҡͷʮ𼱣һ̣ҦܾͶһΣաԺϵʱ˵ȾȥҦܡ
Ҳ˵е˵ͷȥСģѧԺѼ鱨Ʈѩܺб
⻰ȴһЦбΣһ֮
˵֮Ϊһ⣬Ѿռȥ
Сϵ֮С
Ӱ˺ѿռʶһɨﾡʶ֮£ȴδҦܵӰ
ˡ
ɫһ֪Ҧܿ϶Ѿץˡ
һץռ䣬ãһӨѩ걻ץС
ѩӨ͸ȴѩ۶ɣޱ֮ΰͨġ
ȻƮѩ
һЦֻƾһƬѩѾƮѩΪǻ羳Ľ۷ѣ
ؼƮѩˣɱƮѩףѱ˱
֪ʱ䲻ٵȣҵƮѩټܵĵطĪƮѩĴӪҲƮѩϵƮѩ
ֻǿϧ֪ôȥƮѩϵ
ʱԶһ֮غӾǰӰһ˺һС档
һɭ֣쾳ɱһͷޡ
֮һָһ㣬ֱӴ͸޵Դ¶ʱĵġ
쾳ӴʧɫͻȻֵͬһ㡣
˭֪ƮѩСϵôߣֱʵˡ
ңȥƮѩСϵһӲſڵ֪ĿģȴǸѡ
ܺãǾָ·˵ţһһ΢˿ĽУȻץһʯͷֱӰӡУǸĳͣӡҵһؼʱʱɱһλ羳һ׵ߡ
󡭡ˣ⡭Ļŵ˵ˣһɱһ羳һ׵ߣǰλ˸ʲôΪӵļͬ鶼ǡ桯һ£ĽĿӣһǼֵǣԹһġ
£ȻߡӰ֮еֻϲǷ顣
ǣˡӲ˵ʲôպãͿֱ˺ѿռ䣬һռ䡣
ˢһ£˲ˡ
ʣµļ˿µʬ壬оһ
Ӳ֮أֻǳɱһޣȻܵõĻһӵͬ̾ôЩģΪʲôõôĲ
λǰжǿȥƮѩϵʲôһֹƺŵһɲѰζ

ѧԺ֮С
Ժϵˡ񼤶ޱȡ
Ѿ֪ˣոշɴڿռԾûյѶϢǵڷɴѾȫͣԱߡ
ʦѾȥӪҦˣһе㵣ġ񻺻
ģҦܲµģҲȥƮѩϵ룬黹Щ֣ǲôҦܱҪȡ
ǾͺãǾͺáҲҪȥڷġ
ɣжͨȻԭڲ֪֮䣬ѾΪѧԺĹǣܵҲҵ¡
ɫԵǣѯʵǲǳʲô飿
ǵ˵ͷҲûʲôģţѧԺһѧƮѩץˣȻѾʦȥӪˣһǲġԼȻ컷СϵɣҪת·ȥƮѩϵ
⻰΢΢һȴ뵽һţƮѩϵƮѩд˵λŮߺϵʮǬԪʲôɸ˵Ĺϵ
üѵƮѩ̡

֮УռѾƮѩϵ
ˣǰ桭ǰƮѩϵˣƮѩϵĵǿϡָָսս
á˵ͷӷ˸һ棬ҪȥƮѩ飬Լ취ȥɣ
ǣˡӵֻȴЩˣһټô
ԵԻЦЦû뵽ҵλ򵼻һ֮ˡ
ҵֽ³ء룬Ҫȥ
ҼסˡŸ³΢΢ףȴǼ𳤺磬ֱƮѩϵƮѩǸ˵Ľء
ƮѩҦ˫˫űĸϡ
ԱߣһֱֳӣһĿҦܣȻľһӳ˹ȥ


1066 Ҵؼ
ѩǧ񣬶Ҳһıӣרѱūɻޡ
һӳϣʹֱ꣬ʹʹ򱶲ֹ˵ӲūҲѳסɻ޵
Ҧܴ˿ѾѪۣȴҧһԡ
ѩǧԱߣƮѩţһϺɫ߼Ʒ
ҶôҪҪϢٴ򡣡Ʈѩ˵ţ˸ѩǧһͬƷ
ۣһﺦؾΪ˵ЦһҪѱΪҵūȻø˩ǣһһؾһȦñ֪ҵ³ѩǧݶ˵϶ǱҦܵð취
ҶȻʴӱİ취óƮѩ΢΢һЦȻЩ͡
ҦܣֻҪԸ⵱ҵĹԹԵĽ༶ȻѧϼУھͿ԰ѩǧһץסҦܵͷҦĿԣȻĻֻǿʼһкֶܶΣʱһܡ
ѩǧǰΣֻҪҲɱǡҦɭɭ˵ţǸ߹˿ҲתΪ˵ޡ
ɷҲȻôӲѩǧ߲ѣǳʮӡ
ôӲԼĲ༶ֻʹѻˡƮѩĿһѩǧ˵ʱ򣬾ͶҦʩչΣⲻ༶Ū
Сʱѩǧͣ
ҶϢһᣬѱһʱƮѩƷݸѩǧ񣬡ԵȣΪʹѻΪȡò༶˵
áѩǧһƨϣȷʵˡ
ͷôӲˣƽƮѩҦߣĿҦܣ㲻Ը⽻༶ǾֻԼȡˡ
˵ţһְֻҦܵѨΪһСƮѩ뵽Ҧܵʶ֮С
ֻҦܵʶУƣɾƮѩҲ
ߣ
ƮѩѻתӰŲơ
ȻƮѩˡ
ƶ֮ϣһڷҫ۵Ľ⣬ǿʢĽⶼ̴ҫۡ
Ʈѩֱӷȥ϶Ҧܵģ洢Ҧܵһм䣬ȻҲǲ༶Ĺǵ忪ֻ֮֮УõľȻһǿΰʥʵȫһİ۶ǰȴ޾ʱڹȥδǲڴ˿̣ڡ
ʲôƮѩ±ˣһɵۡ
ʱֻ棬һӰԣⶼ֮ܳΪһӰֻһ򵥵Ӱޱ޿ڣ޶ϡޱȣһˡ֮ϣֻһڣͳһϵϣΥ棬£ֱӡ
ʲô϶ġƮѩ˿Ҳ˲ôˣڻ̲סˡ
ȼ񣬾ȻҲðҡǻ˿Ʈѩ֣ׯޱȣһǿĽɢȥҫǬ磬Ʈѩ֮£ȻѸٵĿʼܽ⣬ѩڻɢ
硣
Ʈѩ̲סһ¶֮ɫ
֪ô£ֻΪҦ֮ܵвһ뵽ֻһܻ
ؾ
ʵʱļһУƮѩҦʩչѻ֮ΪƻѾȫɹˡ
༶䵽ǵС
ɾʱյƮѩĴҦܵһꡣ
һôܣ
Ʈѩ˿Ҳʮֵķѽ⣺Ҳ֪ô£ҵʵϾޣĻ˵ܶѻꡣ
Ĭˣƺڳ˼ô졣
ʲôʱѩǧ˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻ֮гһ˵ĽԼɣ˺ѿռ䣬ԽʱգնһУѹһУֱƮѩǶ
ǿĽƮѩʧɫš
ǰƮѩоԼֻֿһܰնɱӡ
ǳԼ֮Ҳ˲ѩǧռ䣬Զݵ֮С
ʲôѩǧʧ
Ǹžһ죬ƮѩεƮѩǣֵܵס羳ǿʮι򣬾Ȼֱӱն롣
ƮѩǵƮѩ֮»ΪС
֮УˣߵҦܣոƮѩӶݵһ˲䣬ͰҦܸȳˡ
ʦˡҦܿˣЦѣЩ
ҴؼҡĬһ£ּᶨޱȵ


1067 
Ҧ仰жĪ
ڵѧԺΣյʱ򣬿ԲһеǸؾĽԱʦȴ֪ء
˭Ҹоǿѩǧ˿ҲЩսս
ʶ˵ĽֱǷ˼Ʈѩ˼һ˵
ȳҦ֮޹ǣҦһȴĿɭĿƮѩץѧԺѧҴѧԺд
˵ţ۳һģһѷɽ
漴һΪռ䣬һ㣬ֱƿնȥ޷׷Ѱ
Ʈѩ󾪣ȴѸٵİѩǧ񱣻Ȼһֻѩ䣬ΪĶǳѩ硣
磬粻
ѩոճͣȻǵˣצһץ˺ʱգѩСľϵȻХ룬߸ǬҡǳСһж̼仯Ϊޣڡ
ۣ
ƮѩһѪ³ΪƬƬѩ
ɲ߶ƱնɱƮѩΪҦܱ
ʱֻƮѩϷһӨ貵ĹâǾȻһױ۵·ޱȣԣ¡
Ľ䵽·棬ȻֱΡ
Ȼȱ塣
΢΢ȣһ۾ͿⱦķޣһԵĶֻҪΣܰⱦƵ
ԥģٴη˹
ʱĳ֪ʱգһӺȻ۾΢΢üȻ˼Ҳı֮ػˡ
˼һ£¹һǸƻ˱֮ػ֮˵ʵ͸ռ䣬˼˵Ķ棺ǬȥһƮѩϵնɱַƮѩϵ֮ˡ
֮Уͬʱ˼ŵ
ߵٶȲնƮѩмܡ
ѩǧ˿ȴѾң֪ǺãʱƮѩ˹ߡ
һߣ̫ǿˣ㲻Ҫˡѩǧʧ
Ϊ߲ˣֻסл뿪ƮѩʱĵնֻһǱһ·Ϊ˷飬һɢ䵽֮С
ߣƮѩ˺ѿռ䣬Ҫѩǧƽȥ
˭߲һЦʮնƿռ䣬ϯǳֱӳƮѩȥ
ҿɱҶƮѩᶨֻѩЩѩ۳һѩҪֵסһ
۵סһЦֻ΢߶ѩΪ˷顣
ȥɣ
ȻɱģȻǺ飬߶
ƮѩֻоһҪ̴壬ȡʱֻ֮кȻ˵ĵâ⵶âγһž޴ĵأǬסĽ
΢΢ü֪˹ˣҲټ߶ȿһ˵ʵ˵
߳ɫ׵ӡ
ΪߵһˣȻﵽ˻羳Žף֮УҲ羳˽ף羳߽׵ġ
ǿˣһܻһǿǾȻͬʱ
ǽţֻ˾ȻǳƮѩ񣬲μ

һܻƺƮѩȻĳŮˣһε߽׻羳ǿߵ£Ȼϵʮ֮еһˡ
ƮѩˣȴǲˣЩŭҲҪǾȣҹ
ҦҲˣƮѩƺ֮ʲôìܡ
ȻƮѩ뿪Ϊ׵һֱӿִնɱַƮѩϵ֮ˡ
ʱһȴǲη壬Щڴ
ǽ֮棬ǽ񻰣ֻл羳߽׵ΪȻκεĻ羳ǿߡ
ҪսǾսʹ졣
˳֣һȶ˷˹
һץձ飬һ۶һ㻮գγһĽӡ
棬Կ޾Ľ仯Կһ貵Ľ
һȥɨǿգ߸ɱһС
˶¶Ȼ֮ɫǻûм˽ֲ֮ˣƮѩɫѿԭոһսû㾡ȫ


1068 ն
˽ѹȥĽΪһɽɱһУ
֮£ȴǸԼһĵ˺ǺӣնǳԿֲĽӣȴ沨СϪһ㣬˲䱻߽⡣
⽣ǻ֮ӣǾ֮ӣ־֮ӣһжᱻ޾ĽɱĿⷢһУʵѹˣԴ˿̺ǵ
ϯ֮£侳ĸоĽʵ
ֱǺţ޷ݡ
ⲻܣôôǿ֮һ羳˽׵ǬͺһһĲʣʱֻѾ壬ɱӣȫǻɢ޸Ŀܡ
Ƕƭˣʵһ羳߽׵Ǭƴѽӣȴֱӱʬ飬Ȼ⼸ֱ飬Ҳȫӡ
λ羳Ž׵ǬһĻŭޱȣ쵰һ羳߽׵Ļ֮񣬾Ȼɱǡ
˵ţѸ׳һһĶⶫҫ۵Ĺâס˽
ʣµ˿ӵĶѸٵĳۼ
Цһ粦һ㲦ֻ͵ػΪռ䣬ٴγֵʱһֱӴ͸һ羳߽׵Դһ͸һ羳߽׵࣬һȴǱǸ羳˽׵ĸסˡ
ߣ⽣ӡ
羳Ž׵Ǭͺһ߶巨һɳ죬˳
ҲΪӵӽľѾסˡ
羳Ž׵Ǭ֮գ˿ɫ԰ףȻ¡
Ȼֻл羳߽׵Ϊսֱ˵Ĳ񻰡
˾Ȼһɱĸ羳ǿߡѩǧЩ˵ܸоЩ羳ǿ߿ؾĸ߼Աܱǰ֮նɱвˣβ𾪺ͻ̿֡
˿ֲȻֻл羳߽׵Ϊﾳ֮£Ѿ޵֡ƮѩһɫΪأǿߣʣµǬ϶ҲסˣǬɱˣҪɱľˡ
ѩǧΪͬĸ׵Ļ
ߣ
һʱƮѩͼΪһеףȻԸ
˫ָһֱӶգֱƮѩȥ
֮еǬһĻʧɫǸ羳˽׵ķӦ죬˺ѿռ䣬ŲƣֱӾ͵Ʈѩǰ
ʱֻһڱѿâ䣬貶Ŀ
ӵ˲䱻飬˸Ϣȫޣҷˡ
ݽľڣŲƣմ󣬰ѽ˵Է֮ڣȻ󱬷ȫӰΣʤ
Ľǲ༶羳Ž׵ǬѣŲƵĽΪٸҲǰ״ֻбնɱķݡ
ҦҲĿɿڴһչʾĽ֪Լкܳ·Ҫߡ
ȴǲ⣬ҪɱĿƮѩһǬ
ٴһҪնɱƮѩ
ʱһ羳Ž׵ǬȴǳҦܶȥǿˣѣסҦܣͶ

ӵͼȴȳƮѩһֹӶݣȻ̤գһǺӣֱ赲סӵĽŲ
ӿȻģ֪Լ¶ˣӷĳҦܳȥ
Ǹ巨ͷϣȻֵסʱҲˣⲿӺѡ
ǣٴʩչݽĽŲ֮
գ޺ۼ
ĸоΣѸٵŲղѣֲĿռϯǺӡ
꣡
֣ȴǴӵֱֱնһֱۡ
üƶٶȷɿ죬ʹýŲ֮Ҳһնɱӡ
٣ֻҪмΣնɱӦòѡ
ٴһգֱӶȥȴֱӴӵļӵİӶǲˡ
֮УӵѪ
һЦɥ֮Ȯһӣü֮кȻɳһѽ𽣡
𽣶գٴγֵʱֱûӵüġ
ţʲôӦȴı۾ûϢ
֮ٴλصü֮УһжԵúܹ졣
һǬٴƮѩڸ·ˣɣ
һҪɱƮѩʱ֮кȻӰȻǴ
дҦܣеҦܣû£һؾ
Щһ仰һ


1069 ߵڰ
˼һ£ֱʵ˭
ʱ򲻵ȴڣҦѾشʦλؾרԱ൱ؾרҵָʦΣյʱҲżӦˡ
ҦܵĻشȴûȻɫԽԽϤ顣
һڹҦܣϸϵ飬ȴǴ⡣
ȻΪҦܵרҵָʦԼ״ѧԱ˲ɱһӦôԼѧԱʲôʣҪҦܻؾ
˵⻰Ȼ϶֪﷢顣
ؼǼȻ֪飬ΪɶۿҦܱƮѩѻꡣ
Ҧע⵽ɫ仯Щ죺ʦʲôô
˵ͷ⣬̬ȲԣҿģƮѩġߣһ˵Ǵؾʵ֪ȥ
Ҧ⻰ϱֳ˼𾪵ɫôܣҵʦҳˣҲεġ
Դ֮ԱǣֻҪ㹻棬ЩʲôóȻҲֻǻɣû㹻֤ݣȴһõ֤ʽǱߵƮѩôƮѩĺʦʲôᣬʦնɱƮѩ϶Ը⡣
Ҧܳ˼һ£ѡ
ʱ̧ͷŴ΢΢һʦұƮѩӵƮѩϵʦȻˣʦΪֹնɱƮѩΪұ𡣡
һһ䣬
֮еĴɫһѾƮѩЭ飬ôɱƮѩ
Ҧܿһͻʦ²ô
ʱûпڣԱߵȴѵǺ֣ƮѩǬԪ֮һλ磬ô㣬ֻǰ뵽Ʈѩϵͣ˶ѡ
Ҧ⻰ЦǻԼƮѩϵɣҽѻ꣬Ҽˣ
ѾЩͷˣߵ֮Ի飬Ʈѩӵ㣬Ȼỹһȸǻؾ
Ҧܴ˿Ҳκεϣ˵ȷƮѩľȱġ
˵Ǵؾʱ
俴һ۴Ҧֱܼʧ͸ȻȻվ
˵ͷҲãҦҲʱؾˡ
ʹһĻһҦܿǲԸǻȥˡ
üͷҦʲôϵ
ЦҺʹһҲҦܵһλʦҿɲȻԼѧ飬˲ܡ
˵ֱףΣζըˡ
䣬ȴǵ˵ҦΪʲôƮѩϵ϶Ǳƻˣ㻹ǴҦܻؾ˵йΪؾѧԱİȫǣֻɱˡ
Ѿˬ˵ͷҦΪҵ״ѧԱҶ˽⣬ԲеӣȻ˴˵ԻƮѩΪֹ˵ıóѣϧƴһսؾж
һһͣ仰ͰѺڰ׸ߵˡ
һЦѾں˷ϻֱӾ۳һˣʲôֶξʹȻֵ´Ҧܡ
ʹ࿴˿һǻ羳ŽΪһǻ羳˽Ϊ֡
սˣ֮ǰѾնɱǬƮѩѵ
ǿɲǬܱȵġȴǺţֱóԼǾȻһѺ촸һΧĿռơ
ϽɱҦܣ˵Ѿ˲쳣ѵ
˵ͷ˵ϵļ͹˺ѿռ䣬ףһӾͳɱȥ
޴Ϊһ貵ǳܻ棬˺ѿռ䣬ѹ
һȴǺη壬ᣬΪ｣ӣӭȥ
ϯǳ糤գǿ֮зҫ۵Ĺâ
漴һɾ޴ıըǿնǳݣԲĿռѡ
˺Ҫʱһ̴գֱؿڶ
ϼֱ޷졣
ЦһȴѸٷӦָһһֱӭͷ
һ㣬һ㣬ڴĽϣôһѪ³Ҳ˳ȥ

˿̵ǧ֮⣬ĿһĻʵնɱǬʱ͵ˣֻһֱûѣﾳǿ߽٣ҲֻʹԼǽֵܵһˡ


1070 ȼǳ
ʲôҲʲôر֮еĶҲǿĴըģʽ
ܼ򵥣ϸһſǳȼǳǿڶʱڻľƵһֲĵزﵽﾳڻ¡ȻֻӵﾳĹΪﾳǿߣԲﾳֶΡ
ִըĺҲǿֲģΪϸȼյˣ֮еƽᱻ˲ƣή̮Ǿν˥ΪҲڶʱڱ
Ϊ˾ȳҦܣǿ޷ˡ
֮С
һе֮۳νʼʤ׷
ŲƣӰΡ
ʱһǬ⽣Ų֮նɱֻΪǬʵãԼӰεĽ֪⽣֮
Ȼ˿
ʧ룬˭֪һ⽣᲻֮б
ԥƶͼӱܽ
꣡
ͻֱ֣ӻ󣬶оһۣĺ촸ֶ
΢΢üܲ⣬ҪֱնɱģȴֻǴ̴ȫʧˡ
ǱߵĴȴûôˡ
һؿڱâ䣬ǳҡֱ°ˣֻһԴѸӶݡ
˿ʹеʶĿֲ֮޲Ȼ
ֻʣһԴĴ۳壬ޱȵ˵սʵǿֲִԤؾִ߳֡
ͬĵ˵ͷʱٲִߣˡ
ƺҲ˴˵ͼٴζ˷һνֱҪնɱˡ
зŭޱȣǻ羳Ž׵ؾԱʱ˱ȵֵز
úǰס⽣ŲƵѸپԶݰȴûôˣһԴ֮бը˲궼飬Ĳˡ
ʱպȻһ޴ѷ죬µ˳
ӵϢֲ֮ɽ߸Ǭһ㣬ֻһͰѹĴ
λִߡˣ񣬺ǹ
飬Ѿ֪ˡһӵΪ⣬澺ؾϣɱؾĽԱֱɱ
˵ţĿ
΢΢üоһĪѹϵĲ˶ǰ벽ﾳΪ
ʵԶܱȵġ
һһ㣬Ĳþֱ֮ն˹ȥ
ʱձһ޴Ĺ֣Լ
ռ˲飬ʱתǬ㸲еһбռɵ
ʧɫȴǹעȫǺӣնһݺȥĽӡ
һʱ佣ӺͲþ֮ײһ𣬿ʼֲ˺ѿռ䣬ɱһС
ۣ
Ѿأ˿ڱ¶˳
һѪ³ɳȥѪУΪ
ȻܵסҵһҪλִЩȣҲǭ¿ˣĴսһ羳߽ܳԵġ
ִٴηһɱ
þ֮նȥֲĵѿռ䣬ޣֱӶռ䣬ȥ
ɫѿܴ߶ѾǼޣһεĹѾ΢΢
Ҳʱ򣬺ȻԶռ֮УȻһǿϢϢĳ֮£ռݣ𣬿ռϯǧǲþ֮зĵֱӱƮѩϵǳ˲
λִ¶֮ɫоͻȻĳǿĴڸˡ
˭˭һλִ˵ЩȻûп֮е˭Ϣ˼٣Ǿﾳǿ߲еϢ
ǶҪѧԺˣ˭Цôʱһﳼ˲ִ׵壬궼ǲ
Ҧܴ˿ȴ۾һﲻԼͬԺ
Ʈѩл֣֪̿ǵĳǿĴڣҪ
ûֵܷĵطֻǴ˿һΡգȫȼܻ棬بŲࡣ
ϸȼգǳȼա
˱̼ӵﾳʵ
ҲΪϸȼյͷʼ߰ףʼݣ⿪ʼήѪҺʼʼá


1071 Ϊ
Ϊ˾ҦܺѾ㾡һС
λִɫ֣֪̿ǵĳǿĴڣｹ֡
ʱձ飬һȼܻĴϯǺӣգǧֱλִץ
λִ߸оһ֣֮ʼӴܣƴŲƣȫڣȴôӲƵƿء

£ռ
λִߣȫС
ȫȥУĿܡ
ɾʱ֮кȻһĨ貵ĹââҫǾ޴֮ϣʱ֣︡ǵһһֻƬ̣֮оǻŽأǳع࣬޴ƱЩ赲պϵٶִȴǳû˳
ﾳ˿϶ﾳҲֻﾳǿ߲ƾһС
ִ֮֮һ񣬶ǸȥֻһȴޱӺ͵بգϵϡ
ߣȻһ
֮߳ȴǵһʱ俴˿ҦܣƺЩΣ㻹ʶôӣ
Ҧʱĵ˵ͷʶؾͼݣ㻹ָңֻû뵽㾹Ȼؾ֮Ŀ֮˵Ҳؾĵһؾ֮˽ؾ֮ʮλﾳѧԱܶ˶õԽ̵
֮˵ͷҲЩԺЩؾŵѧԱұΪѧԱû뵽ȴǷ飬ʮֱǸ˼ǰѾȫϤܺߣԻһ澺꣬鲼棬ΪһѧԱĶ澺飬²ĳЩ˵˽
ҦܳĬ֪ôش
֮ʱǵķ򣬻λߣ˴ˣؾλִҲ˱˵Ĳԣﲻ
ʱ˼ת
֮˽⣬˵ı֣µ޹ء
֮ʱû˵ʲôȴǳǵķ򴫵һϢԭȻһλؾ֮λؾ֮ڤ֮һеһжǲڤ֮ġڤ֮Ѿؾڽ˲ڤ֮֮󣬲Ŵæġ
澧Ϊ˲ţ飬ʵѴ̡֮Ϣǡ
ôǳ˼岻ֶ֪ܼã֮ݹϢӦò٣ѾﵽˣʱǿװƣǾûȤˣԿ֮澺ϲ飬ȻҪһ
á֮ҲľʹӦˡ
˽֮ԵЩ䣬ĿƮѩıؾѧԱﵱ
Ҫ֣ʱȻ̽һƣץƮѩѩǧ񣬶֮ҪȥȴһģѾƮѩѩǧգټ
ͬʱһ֮겻û뵽㻹ô壬ҵ޶ɲȥնɱ
֮εǬԪĹȻʵһףóռ뿪Ҳ׷ϡ𣬻ֻԼȥˡ
û뵽Ʈѩѩǧӵˡ
Ҧ⻰ȴǱ˶־ãԺһնɱƮѩһѩѻ֮𡣡
֮˵ͷҦԽԽ͡
ʱλִߣеŲԣǷǣִһְǧꡣ
⻰ɫ԰ףȴκεԹԡ
֮λִߣٴοıкѧԺѧԱɱ㶼̫ϧˡΪ÷
⻰ʧɫġ
ǿ֮ɲЩֱһָһ貵⽵䵽ϣֻǸߴȻʼ仯˫˫ű仯ΪĸӣԴΪһ¿ͷһͷһһһ׶೤β͡
ۿɼģȻǱһͷޡ
ﾳô
ǿһĻĵ𾪣ֱӸı̬ʣҲѹֽﾳˡ
Ҧܣ͸㵱ˡ
֮˵ţĲϳһӣֻҪӣ仯ԶֻһӸ˵
Ҧԥһ£ȴҡҡͷҲҪ
֮ЩȣûǿǺãȥһӿؾɡ
˵֮󣬿֮ǵķ˵ͷȻֱǣű޵λִ뿪ˡ
ǲ֪滹ʲô飬ǿʹһǿ˺ѿռ䣬Ҧܺͻ컷Сϵ
ýԼ鷳ˡ
ǿ˿ԼѾӵ壬һŲƾһİϵ
ʶһɨϵûκε
Ȼһȼյĺǣ޷˵ĳ˽ȥ


1072 ¯
׹أˮк죬ż̫Сĺ潦˳Ļ档
ϯأһĻռ˲䱻մ
ǵı㣬һѾΣڻһ㣬ǡ
ǲҰ֮һϸȼյΪҲɾ硣һƵԵúǱװӣʮ궼δָܻҲû˭ˡ
ȻЩƣǲڡ
ǿȼϸҲĶ࣬Ƕһͨණ
ʽĻָ̡
ѡȼյĺǣǵָ
֮Уȥպ˲࣬ҪǺǵ̫񱩣յ̫ǻ羳ǿ߶ܲסĹأͨѹκο񱩵ЩǴ⡣̫ǵԺǴڵĺϵƺڵ
ֻڣҲ˲ôˡ
תͨ¯תǱѸٵ¯Ȼʼ
ǴãѸٵЩɺԵϸ
ٶȣȴǺ⡣
˼һ£Ǵһеͺһֻⵤ¯ڲһСĿռ䣬ֻĴָСǿԼ˽𵤣ֱСĿռ֮С
ʱ𵤷貵Ĺâſռ֮окȥ翪ٵһ㣬ϸСĿռ侹Ȼת˲չ˷ԲףٲȻѾΪһС硣
ǵ¯¯
ˡ
ǲһϲõ֮·
Ĺ𵤶Ѿûκε壬Ļ羳ǿҲһҲָһŽΪԼṩ񿪱ⲿСһ硣ֻӵһ֧ţǲܲϵ
ѧԺ֮֮У˽ǻữΪһС͵硣
Ȼʵ˻羳֮£ǾǻڡԼ˽𵤣˳ԼС磬¡ֻС˵ĲͬǴһ¯һ̨һֹΪ
Բ¯ĵһ׶Σڿһ׶εʮ֮һûдﵽǳתͨȴ֣һ׶ζ¯ٶѾǰ˰ٱǼȥ֪жֲ
ٶȼӿ죬ǻָٶȻҲ̡
ǳǣŻʱȻѡõ¯Ϊ¯
˽𵤻ķֽ⣬¯Ҳڼ󣬲ԵĿԸоٶѾú
Ͼ֮ǰҲǸոͻƵ羳¯ƽ׶ΣҪﵽﾳпܡ
źǵǸӷľ£ΪͷŵյɢȥĹâҲԽԽܱ߼ѾױһƬڰ
¼ڰ֮Уǿʼһαչء

ѧԺ֮С
ԺոշϢҪչһʱ䣬ԺѧԺ齻ҴΪ񵭵һȺʦԴֻܺǺǣѵԺڵʱѧԺ鲻ΪôѧԺԼĹƶȣֻҪƶִУ˭һ
ūó׹˾ܲ
ˣǸոѰĹѧԺ鱨һ˹̰ܡ
ŶҿħɲЩ档
סħɲֻǷҳϺȻ¶˲ɫȻͺūó׹˾컷СϵĿͻЩϵѧԺǿҲǻ羳ѣӦҲ֮ǰڰǸԱǸˡ
ǰԼ´ȫǶˣѧԺûʲôµģūó׹˾ȫѧԺѧԺ˶ץסѱṵ̄˷ܵЩƻħɲ˼
ħɲϣ˼
ɾʱһӴҴ˹
´ˣܲūݿһΪūԴ˵ţһдɵš
ħɲ˵ͷĴš
һֻΪϢ뵽ԺȻͿħɲ¶˾Īɫ
´ˣôˣ̰ܷħɲɫ仯
ո˵ѧԺǿǻ羳ȷûкŪңħɲɫ࣬ΧĿռ䶼ǳϸܵѷ죬ɱ˵Ķˡ
Сô̰Żˣ̲ס
㻹û⣬ĲôոܲҷţѾѧԺΪΪūԴ֮һûĻȻ֪ôġħɲŭ
ΪΪʲô̰Щԡ


1073 
ħɲ⻰㲻֪ôһСʱ֮ǰƮѩϵ˴ս֪սļ˭ôһѧԺ
̰ѾһֺܲõԤС
ħɲǼƮѩץѧԺһλѧλѧͬʱؾһλڳѧԱΪ£ѧԺһλʦɱƮѩϵƮѩǵƮѩƮѩ˭ŮôǬԪŮˡλǬԪĹΪŮˣɳǬǿһŻ羳Ž׵ΪȻȫѧԺλʦɱˡ
̰ѣѧԺλʦôôǿﾳǿߣ
ħɲҡҡͷǵǡ
̰һﾳʲôõĵģūó׹˾ıﾳǿ߳ء
ħɲĵĿһ̰ܣȴǻֵλѧԺʦȻﾳǿߣǿﾳ֮ܵСǹؼѧԺλʦɱǬ֮˭֪ؾλԱһǻ羳Ž׵һǻ羳˽׵ĴҪλѧԺѧѧԺλʦãһսǾȻҲѧԺλʦĶ֡
̰ܴ˿ԽԽˣǲе㳤
ħɲһΪϷˣҲѧԺλʦɱˣҲؾλ벽ﾳִߡʱѧԺλʦڶסˣɾڴʱѧԺһλǿ߳ˣһֻ־ѹסλִߣʱҿؾĿ֮ʱ֣Ȼλִ߾Ǳɡ
̰ʱﻹףܺͿֵ֮ѧԺǿ߿϶ﾳΪ
ħɲһܲ˹ȥ鿴һµʱѧԺλﾳǿߺͿ֮ನóһۣ֮ʵӦﾳϣ봫һ¡ѧԺλﾳǿ߾ȻҲضá֮Ϊ£Ϊһͷؾ֮֮һĲڤ֮Ҳ±ǬԪλûƮѩѩǧ񣬾ҡ
̰֮ŵɪɪѾڴˡ
ūó׹˾ǸҲ׽ūЩȴһץñؾѧԱеְȡѧԺȻһλǿﾳǿߣʱȥԸѧԺⲻʲô
ˣҴˣĲ֪顣̰ĵ
ħɲָſڣֱӺǳ
ǣǣ̰ĲˣһȦ

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ոյõϢѧԺﾳǿϴλѧԺĿ˹Ӧ£һġһλ૵Щڲ
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ǰʤ˲٣ͿǸԵıˡһλ˵꣬ȴѸٵʧˡ
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ѧԺﾳǿߣĿɿڴЩɵۡ
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ҪˣͬĴЦ


1074 Ǳڳô
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һֲֻǵ֮УȫĶֻһ죬Բʮһ޴Ĺ֣ǧסǹ濴ȥȴһƬڣһ˶ɵľ޴ڶһ㡣
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ףʲôһٶӣڵ˽ӽĵĵطʱԼȻһտĿռ䣬ſռ濴ȥһϺɫ壬ȼܻ棬ΧǱڳ£
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һȺð߸㲻״ʱνıĹâȻͬʱΧĺѸپ£ȻͿ޵Ŀռ֮νıȡ֮ǳһµӡ
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Ȼǵô꣬׻ǵòʧ̾һȻ֮˼ֻÿһȥǿռ䶼Ǳһһơ
ʮðȫŻˣǸоһɼǿϢǶϢˡ
·̤ƿռ䣬Ҳ̫ﱤˡ
ǰˣ׸жǿ
S࣬ǵȥ˿ֱ̼Ķˡ
ǻʮðߣָⲻҪʵȺðԸǵǰڳˣҲǡһ˭ڶꣿ

컷Сϵǡ
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׷޹ѳɶ֡
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ߴ컷Сϵ˹̹ǣսһ
ѧԺҹѧԺȫֵ֧Ķս
ڽ緢սԡ

Ǹոջص֮еŵţɫ΢䡣
Ȼյϵͳ֪ͨһ
ѻĹܱʮСϵĽҪʱһɡžǼ￨ƣһɷԺƺţѧٶ3535ѧְ301
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ʱô꣬һͽӵ񣬻˾ϲ
ĽҲǲ˵ģžǼ￨ƾλ羳ʦѧԺĿǰҪġ


1075 ״
ȻԺƺҲһʵʵĺô
ɷȫֻܿˡ
ǳ˼һ£ȴûмŻѧԺӰһڵӽ쾳Ϊǵڵһִߡ
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šǵ˵ͷұչʮ꣬·ǣƺҪܱߵļսˣԾ͵һʱѯһ˳Ҳ˽һµЩķչ
Ժ֪ʲôһ֪޲޲Եúǫѷ
ҪôˣҲ°ɡǻ˻֣һǿֱӰλ棬Ŷ꣬㶼˷쾳ף˵ľ磬Ҳӵġ
ҲߺãڵЩԱʵй׿˻ƣĹԽܶһԴԽ࣬ΪȻԽ졣ʮǰһȫۣõĴԴֻ֧֣ͻƵɾ硣˵ŻЩԺ
Ŭȸ˵˵ЩķչЩ
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ĲϽҲǸ̾ķչٶȡ
ԴΪ׵İ˹ô£Ǻ˵ѧԺ˹ôŲŶԡ
ҾͲǺˣǵл羳ǿѾܣǰֺǵģͻȻʵ˷˼ҡҡͷȻҲ֪顣
֪ˡǵ˵ͷæһѧԺˡ
Ժվǳȥһ̧ͷͷǲˡ

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˵ǴҶڻˣڻͻƵ˻羳治һЩʵռݸĵط˵ļ򵥣Ҳ͸ĺܡ
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һꣿǺǺˣҪôʱ䣬ֻҪһԡ
һꡭٴα𾪵ˣΪǹҼҰһѵĽʮ


һݻĸ֮ۡУмŮڷĦ£ĦԱߣվŵǰҩʦ˵ҩʦ˹
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ѵϻүʵѾʮĹ˹̽
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1076 ѪҺ
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˵ģ߻ʽٶɹͻƵ⾳ԺĦ¼Ļλ̳ˣĵλʱ򻹻ˮǴߡ
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˵ǲĵطòѪҺɣ߻ʹһ£²
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ʮǰѧԺﾳǿϢʱһ羳ǿ߶ûеĴʸ֪Щ
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1077 ȫ
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ȵȣǲˣսôôûѻĹΧʮСϵ򣿡иµɵˣΪԼˣҲһ±ơ
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ܱߵĲȺ˶ǵ˵ͷΪ˵Ĺ֮Ѿﵱ˼ҡ
һٶʮ߸Ժ˵һ䣬ҼƽÿȻǵԭ񣬵⼸ʮ棬ҲΪṩĸаҽơѽȡԱһе̵ӳ֮ƯôãҲȻȻļ˵漮Ϊ˵ľҵΪվ߽ףҲԸΪһս
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󻨷˲ٹ򣬲ŰЩˣûиоᷳΪ˵ĶԺ

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εսѧԺʦѧҲӵ˵Ǹսնɱߣ
ѧԺ˼ܼ򵥣һ
ҲǣȻʵֱɱĦ׺ˣôĥԼս֮ءս֮Уͻƾ磬ǿߡԶڵҲһֻоѪһ档
֮еЩĸǾ˳ǧ򳡵ĴսٵĻ羳ǿҲǴӱġ

Ħʦʮѧͽˡʮ쾳ѧ˴Ħ
ģڣԻᱣ֤ǵİȫĦ֪㣬Ҳվ߽׵ΪֻҪ⾳ǿߣϲΣգЩ⾳ǿһȻҲ˳ֶԸ
Щж꼶ļһһҪɱСѧԺóĽôɱԽ࣬׬Խֻ࣬Ҫ׬㹻㣬츳ƬͲ༶⡣ջҿɲʦԴǣѾӰݣֱȥɣ
ʮѧĿɿڴġ
˷ѧԺ岻ݴǡȥǰߣһɱУϾ˼ǡǸһӣԼΪ֮ܵ˵ţʮһӵѧ˲оɽ󣬿һлǿԼס

ǰߡ
һҷɴ棬Ų裬ƿһС
ȻڵǵȻս鲻࣬ǵϵıǺʵõġ


1078 ս֮
ǵ˵ͷҲо֮սò˵սҪǵϵһЩбֶΣ֮к漰棬һսϷս֮ķţλѧԺѧϵƺŵ˵ڶһˡ
΢΢Щ죬ǵһ˵顣
΢΢һЦһսһǺڴġ
˵ŵʱǱߵĽѾϣһǷΪ֧ӣÿ֧ӶһƼɴһλͳ˧ָӡ
һϷͳ˧ǵŴһλ
ĸѻĳĸʡ
˵λս֮񣬳ѧԺĭһλʯǺ꼶ѧһλ
˿̵Ÿͼ˼Ϊһս˧֮һսʤ֮
Ϊ׵İ˹һҲֻƼսⷽ棬ǲûдơǼս棬ǾͲ࣬Ұ˹Ĳսڣﵽǵʮ֮һ쵭Щġ
һսЩؼġҡҡͷÿɷ񣬡֮ڣ˿϶ᷢһǵʱѾˡ

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ʯıһսøô򣿡׶ǸʯǺ㹻أ̵
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˵õİɣԷϾͻǷһ̵׸ô򡣡׶òѻ⳶˻
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ĵ֧ӣ쵼߽ڵĽ죬óսս
ȻԭĻΪҪ쵼ߣλ棬һҲˣ£ĿǰһֱµΣʱڹƺֵͷϡ
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ڴ߻ʿֻҪ羳򣬴ս˹ʤɡ
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һ죬սˡ
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Ӻֱײ˰˹Ľ֮УһΪ֣ͬʱͬʱжְǷΪŵӷΪĲ֡
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Ǻ֮оĵģʧأ͸ˣֱɥʧ֮һս
Ƽɴ棬ϬܺãĿѾﵽˣѾȫɢǾֶܷ֮
Աһüͷòͳ˧ǵľҲɢˡ
ʱȴŵ֪ǵʿǷɢҲѸٵʿҪԶʤͨʿνİ˹߹ֻǲѲųڲ˵һɢɳľһɢʲôս
λϸһ룬ֻ
ľǣսһ򣬲ľӶɢ⸽
ײ˲ǵѪǻȻA3ǹˡ
ԱߣһһٶˣЩ˶׵СӳԱЩ˿ȴЩA3ǹҲֻ¿ѪҲ̫ǿ˰ɡ


1079 Σ
Ϊӳ򵥵Ϣһ£ڸոǽʱע⵽Ѿϰĵзսʿ˵Ѿע⵽ǣﲢȫڱ뿪
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죬״̬
׼æν֮гһֶܵ˵ķʽҪݵǿƼֶΡһ£ԷվΪǶԷ뵽ǧ׵ķΧȻѷ㡣
׵Ļһٶ˵СѸʧмһȺȫռںϵһ顣
ܿ죬׾Զ
һ֧˵ĵзսʿƬ򣬶ҾԽԽ
û⾳սʿǿҲվŽףȫԷɱǡ׷ݵöɢֳһΧȦ
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ȱţȫ˵ױ㹻侲Ǳһݴ֮Уһͷͻһ㡣
ŶԷȫƺЩ±Ѿ¶ˣԷ֮˺̽ʲôֱͣ
׿һĻ֪ٵˣֱһȣˣ
ϰͬʱ澡˴˿Ҳ˵
һǹɨ䣬ΪռȻֱӽɱ˶ԷһٶˣȻ󲻵ȶԷѾ˶Է֮Уʼ˽벫ɱ
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еĳǹһɨЯǧ֮ƣǹâһƬƬѩʮվĵзսʿնɱ
Ȼһǹеĵзӳ˹ȥ顣
վŽףԷҲ׵ΪȻ¶һ֮ɫģɵ׾Դϣ
һӺߵΪ쵶ӰһӰǶ޾ɭ޵١
׿һĻȴǺη壬ǹΪһ㣬һֲֿƵʣɽ߸һУתռ䣬еĵӰ׷飬Ȼһǹ̴üġ
ֻһУӵ䡣
ӳˡһսʿӱɱ˵ĻҲʧȥսȥģ׷Ӵܡ
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һһ¶Ѩ֮С
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˵һЩսһЩ⾳ǿ߶ȥĥͻƵ羳׻ʱȲЩˣǽССʮսǳ˽ɻĵʣ϶Ҳ˲ٹѫѾͨ˹ѫֵһ͹רͨҽھͶһܴ֤սϵĴʣսΪǹ١
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ʱȣץʱһ
ϧ벹վ̫ԶˣȻԶһһЩҩ
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ҾȻǧĹѫֵⶼܶһһĽˡһ쾳Ž׵ʿޱȣоԼ׬ˣϾҪ湺ĽûиǧҸò
ʲôؼǹһĶһôֻҪ㹻ĹѫŽ׹СԱһʿһõĹǿǱҪˡ
ֲôҪսֻҪŻȥΪһӲԴһվһ׵ֹһһֻǽɻʶǧңõĹѫǴﵽǧ㹻һһ׹Ľˡ

ڶ죬СģĶ鿪ʼսҲԽԽҡ
ӳе˶Ѿһʿ׵
ϹأÿսһԼսƷȻǾ뿪׵һֱûз⾳ǿߣ֧Сӻˮĵˣɱ˶ԷĶӳȻֱǿƺƣһемסġ
һȺԱѸٵջһ߾
ȻǿϢϯΪϢӰ죬˿ֲĿ硣
⾳һɫ΢䣬ĶԱǴ˿Ҳɫأ֪ǳˡ
ϾôˣǿҲվŽ۷壬κ⾳ǿһսһ
군ˡһԱֱӿɥ
ģ⾳ôҹˡԵú
϶ǶԷ֧СӵĴڣ߾ǶԷʵɱƻɳ߽׵ߣһ飬רɱСӡһĵʿ


1080 Ϯ⾳
һֵǰδеأ⾳⾳ףһ⾳ףֻǳ׵⾳ߡ
˿׵ӣоЩԡ
һױȽϹϵõʿԵú壺ӳ⾳ߣ·һˣʱһһʮ˸ղһ£ǶǿȥҲǸмֵһǻڻ㣬Ͻӡ
һЩĿŸǰʮʿǸո·ŵ֧棬ΪСӵĶӳھȻԸΪԸ׺ܸж׵˽֮УҲѧԺЩѧʦʱ顣
ӳǼĵַʱǵĸĸϣܰǴΪչһ¡ǵĿռָսϽɻʣҪϽɸɣʣµ߳ǶһңҲһǵļˡһ±ɵɵЦѾʮѪۣ쾳ΪֻҪһЩȫԻָЩƤ˵ģΪ˽ʡȴһֱʹ
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ӳǲΪԼҲΪǿһ£Ǽ˻æչء
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һվŽ׵ļһﾹȻҹǡ

ѣ߸꣬ȥСոˣȥոĶ顣
⾳棬ֳһ⾳׵ģ߸ꡣ
̤գһףһȭǺӵתطƺһɽҪѹ档
׿Цһǹ繭һƴ
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㡣Цһĳǹ͵شֱ̳Ӷ߸Դ嶼˷顣
⾳߸꣬
пһĻ˶Ŀɿڴˣ֮еĴһ
ӳȻɱһ⾳׵ġһԱ˻ԴȷһԼǲΡ
ôܣһԱˣһһɱѵӳΪԣӳվŽ׵Ϊӳ⾳ҲֵСӡ
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ʣµ⾳ӣҲ¶ɫ
߸һȭȻɻˣһֲּ幦⾳׵¶˼ʵɫܵõŹΪܸһ
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һȣͼĹתĹͷ˲ﵽһֲּĵز
һһʽ⾳׵ȫһ
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ģ̫ǿˡ⾳׵ӷŭλףȻûи״ƣдβ㱻׸һǹ
˼ֱһ̥ҲǴĲ񻰡⾳׵ԵЩǱ
һֱս˰СʱȻֻȫ֮ʢ
Ȼͻˡ⾳׵Ŀɿڴֲôֱǿҡ
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ͼƽ˵ʮأΪҲ뵽ɾ磬൱⾳ҦܼͻƵ⾳֮Ҳͻˡţ漴Ӵܵˣɫ΢䣬ߣǲ̫ˡ
Ȼֻһȣɱ
ǹƿռ䣬һһڶϯأɱһС


1081 ǻл羳ǿ
ӸоΣս٣ͷһǹâѾǵ塣
ֲĻ֮ϯֱӰǵΪ顣
⾳ˣȫ
һһ̸оǰδеˬ
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ȥվɱ⾳һӳֱǵը졣
Һǽͷӳ
һȺСӵĳԱܹ˵
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ǹѧһʼڹעףͻƵ⾳ҲҪװµˡ
ͻȻֵĹ׵һȺԱȴ±ˣϵ˭оǿӡ
ʱȴվֱʦã
˵ͷѾɹͻƵ⾳ʺٸһжѾӸ㰲µݣǰȥɡ
õģʦӦЩ׵ĶԱȴĿɿڴˡ
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ӳѵѧԺѧ
ҵ죬ֲöӳôţԭ
ҲΣε˼ˡʽҽһ£ҽףѧԺж꼶ѧӦ׼꼶ˡκܸܺʹһɱУһ񣬾Ͳܺһˡ
ףѧԺŵļѧ֮һ
ҵĶӳ
ԭǶӳ
Ǳƭĺòң᲻öӳ
һһȺԼսѣ˼һ£ʦҵЩԱѾ˴ССʮսܲȻǻȥ
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׻һµݣ뱻ɱ⾳һרɱзСӳ
ܿ׾ӦݣʼƵƵɱ⾳׵ĵˣõҲھ

ǿ֮УһСķ֮УһŮӣȻֳ硣
ǰһ٣գңȴϵشȥ
зɴȫѪ

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ѧԺʷ츳ѧ칭£һ㣬ֱ֮еЩзɴ
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ǱеķɴǼֱӾͻữΪɻңǼɴҲֹϣɥʧս

һ֮ϣлھֻѿǧĵзʿᡣ
Աߣ׶ٻ齵٣ϯ

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Ȼ֣˼ǲֵġ
Ļ£սһٶ˶һצץ˺

ѧжñ֮ơۡСɡ桢Сڵ䲩
һѧ˶꣬ս˿̶Ǵʡ

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߻ɫѿŽԷʮıȴĺ޻֮Ϊʲô
ʱһͳ˧վ˳εʣҪ̫ƻˣǵĽܶսкܶҶıս󡣵ȻҲԼԭȻѾ߹ǵʿĵȴǲϿ飬ǵڲνһƬҡ
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ͳ˧˼һ£ʱѾӹں߹ԮˣֻҪ㹻ʿʤǻǵġ
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ŤǵԾ㣬Ծĳ涴ĵ˻Ĺ򡣡ʿ˵ԭ򣬶ָӷɴ˶ɵˡ
һĹ򣬲ܶˣ϶׶༪١
Ժ˵ԮѾûˡ
ǿ֮УżȺơƵʯǺȴǱĵЩԮݣǲ߻Ҳ̫ˣֻǻ¸˼ԷľپŪǵԾλá
ʯǺ׶̲סЩ鴤
һΰѼǧˣʮսĹǰСӵ
ڴ߻Ϣƺûн
ʣոսӵϢ߹߹ˡһӺȻ
ǵĹץˣôᷢң߻Ŀɿڴ
ѡ»ʣλ»һСʱǰͬʱǻȻһʱ᳼ǴҲԸٲ͵սӼ
ģ϶ǵ˸Ĺ߻ʷŭһʤսڣĿǰǻھƣֱǳ裬ȥˣ羳ǻл羳ǿߡ
ʱĦ羳ūͳˡ
һҷɴ棬ǵһʱõϢʯǺ˵ôڶûԭȥ߷߹ˡ߹֧Ԯƴ߻Ҳð಻סˣνĻ羳ǿҪˡ
˵ͷʱ򣬹ȻӴϢ͵رϯǺӡ
֮ڣռѣķɴʧ飬ʿӴܡ
һվսʿ˲ϵѪһѪĭӣ϶ǴĻ羳ǿ߳ˣ֪ûл羳ǿߣûеĻǶĺܲҡ
֮ϣһȴظ羳ǿˣôȻҶǵ֣ǾҪɱ׼ϧڵΪȻսʿǰնɱ羳ǿߣݡ
һ֮Уλ羳ǿϢǿ󣬵ȴǺҦֺܷߣԺΪ˾ң¶ﾳʵЩСǾֻ·һ
ĵʿ˿̻Ǻܵĵģǿɲ֪ѧԺʵ
Ǳߣȴʿ߰ĴʿоҪüˡ
ǵ˻ôбǺͻ羳ǿհһʿ
ĵǴл羳ֵģռ컷Сϵ֮һҪѵȫɱ⡣һĽ˵
̫ˣǴĵơǴϻүع飬ʵѾЩĸСһĻЦѡ
ãܿҪˣʱǡȫҪԶڴ׶ǵĦҲеעս˿Щ⣬Щɭ

ͦӪգҪװƵǰװǰװƣɶΪơЦ
ȷʵһЦԽԽȤˡ
ʱ羳Ѿ˳ǽ̤գϢǿһԽһʱգһһƺѹšͣǹⲻԾĻ۵ǵһǾǿ֮貵ǡ
ʿǣ˾ηͳݣֻη塣
ʱΪ׵һ羳ӻڣĪ⣺ţðҼˣͼһսʹǧսʿֱ񼫣еȫΪū˭ҷɱۡ
˻һǺӾĵģսʿǷȻޱȡ
ߣǴԵ³߻Цѡ
ɾʱһεĽȻռ䣬Ρ
ȻǽŲơ
ȻֻǸո˵Ļ羳ӺȻըѪɣֱĲˡ
Ŀɿڴզ¡
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߻ɫ㡭Ĳɣ
㻹ϣΪʲôҪֵءһܲӣǿ񣬷˵߻ϡ
߻ɫоܵһ˺
һȴǼôȻˣǶûȥˣԺҲûдڵıҪˡ
߻һоЩ
ʱֱʾһɱʣµ羳ΪļһҲɱˡ
˵ͷۣâᴩա
ã̫ǿߡ
߻ʣǲĶ֣ȥˡ
羳ʧҪ˺ѿռӶݡ
Ȼ֣ߡ
һնȥǺӵתʱյ߸һϯ
羳׵һ̫Сˣžͱ˽֮ڣȻĽǵ壬˺ǵꡣ
羳ǿߣ䣡
սʿǿһĻѪ
ߣɥ
ͬһʱ̣׶ǣĦɫ䣬˭ɱҵˣҪú


1082 ؾʯ
ʱǻڣϣѧԺʦ治·ϣﲻˡԼߴʿͶһǾܲͶֱӴ
Ļ̹ǣʱգ顣
дʿǺΰķе
ӮˣȭͷΪ˷ܣѪҺǷ
ĵʿ˿ҲǼޱȣϳԺɫ
֪һսûнΪĦ׻š
ףȻԼҹˡһЦ۾Ѿʱգڰռ֮ڿٸ
羳ΪҲȻҲĦס
˵ŵʱĦѾҪˡ
ʱ˫֮зɳĽģĻΪ֣˿ռ䣬һ޵Ŀռץȥ
ʱձ飬ǹ
ֹᴩ˿ռ䣬̽뵽˰ռ֮УȻһ󣬾ͰĦ׸С
ʲôˣ
Ħ״ǾȻѲǵƷֺ
ǰδеģĦ׸о˾޴Σա
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ڵѾﵽĽļ𣬿ǸոǹȻֻһ˿ȴ֮ϡ
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Ҳоôһֺܸ߽׵ﾳǿ߶ӵС
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Ǻ뵽һ飬ĺöȻҪ
ѧԺˣĦɫǿԼ侲лЩովͲôһ㣬ؾʯͱ˵һˡ

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ǾܰĦнѧԺҲһѡ񣬲Ħײ顣
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Ħ֪Ƕ֣Ψһ̾ؾʯƴش߶
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Ħ׵С֮УֻܱΪֱӰСľϵնһѷ죬СϾҪ̮
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Ħ׸оڵɫ֣̿սٶ˻羳Žףһӵ˽ڵΪǴ߶ʯҲǵĶ֡
뱨Ħף˿ֻһͷǾǾ뿪
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Ħ״ʧɫ֪Լˡ
ʱֻǵһֻѾ̽Ħ׵ĵֱһץʹĦ׵ĵץһѷС硣
С֮Уһžʯ֣Ī⡣


1083 
Ħ׿һĻҵģң
ŭֳСץȥʱСѾ壬޷ٴ߶ؾʯﻹһս

һһžͰĦ׸߷ɳȥ˰
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ˡ
ҪͳܱߵЩϵȻҪӹʱ̫ѪȣڳԶͳΡ
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Сܳԣ㹻ͻһСġ
εջ治СջӦصľˡĦ׼ֲֿ⾧ͷųģؾ屾Ȼһ
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ַĻ֮£СľϵֱѣС翪ʼ޾ǵĵ
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쵰һ羳ȻҲ顣ɫҺ֮ϣسһصӰӰţǣףǺʹ˵еţħмơ
飿˭أ˵㵽ʲô⣿ʲô֣üͷɫ
ҡ˭ӺȻסˣаһ
ϵͳһֵĶ˵ʧɢֵܡʱֱϵϵͳǰһĻʵ̫죬޷⡣
þţֻһʶϵͳȻˣܵϵͳȻûڹؼʱӣ׼ȷ˵һλǿΣʱ壬ֳ飬еһƬѡƬ꣬ȴǾʶ
ǿߣжǿ壿Ц
ǿŴﵽ˽ɵĲΣͬ٣Ҳ˵Ĳླϵͳ
ȥôֱ׵ĸоһ˵Լûдţ
벻ˣҾһλ顣ԵúܿƣȴǼһ㡣
ãˣĦ׵СʲôҿĦƺһɫĶɫĶѪҺɣѯʵ
ȷѪҺڵȫںѪҺȻϵͳٴ𣬲֪ǲһţƵĶҲˡ
ȥհ̲סǵʱҲЩΡ
Ժ֮м̳ΨһұôӺ˵
㸴ҲܡѪҺ̺Ҫˡʱԥ˵оԼѪҺΪо޴
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ô㡭
۾һȴһ⣺ϵͳ˵ܲƸΪʦ


1084 
ϵͳ𣺡ʶǾһĸ壬Լۡ
˵˻
ԣ
ϵͳȻɴûмϻˡ
ʱ˵ʲôһƬʶԺ˵ը죬չѧԺ
ӣЩЦιλҿ޼ҿɹ飬Ժһɣ
㣬һ羳ҲҵСܡ
ȥ㾹Ȼ֪СܣһƬʶ̻еôǴ⣬Ǿ͸ðˣҪǲһ죬ϰˡյǸôҿ㱻һңô
㡭
ôô
ȫ˲ƴԷʲôǵó򵹸·ţ
Ѿһǰɣ
ȵȣҾǻһ£λ羳ϡ
ûأֱɣ
磬Ҫʲô
ӺȻʮת䣬һеУǶĿɿڴҿ϶һ񡣡
ȿȣǾͰԼǩ˰ɡ
ŶʲôҸоһΰϢߴΰ¡
ǻǵһμܿԼĲͬЩȣͦôⶼܿ
Ӳ԰Ϊһ飬סҡ
ǻʲôǩ֡
ǩ֣
ӿ˿ԼϵĿհ׵طˣҽʲô֡
ǺǺǣˣϵͳô죿
û£ֱһӡ
Ȼߴϡ
תӣֻԼһâԼ
Ȼһλ鵱ʦЩ˷ܣϵͳһһʶôŪȻôν̡
صģʦϵͳԴС˵ʦһ塣ϵͳ
ǾͺãԣѪҺˣһáǶѪҺǿĺܣȡѪҺʣµĴѪҺҲԸںϣúѪȼ
û⡣
ǾͰŪɣ
ã
ʱһɺĪǵĵϵͳɵؾ;λ顯ȻǰһģӰʼ󻯣͡
ҡҸˣոʲô
ޱȣʶ棬ﾳͿƾҪ˵һ覵壬һʶȥǾ鶼ȻĻҲѪĦףȻŶĦ׶ˡ
ͲùˣԺѧԺʦˡ
õģԺ
ΪյԼ洫Ϣϱֶ𾪣˿ȫóϷ
Ҫһ֡
Ժ
һֱڿƺԼΪ飬ɴͽС񡯰ɡ

ӺΣҲ̫˰ɣ
ʲôΪ
ֻз쾳Ӧ壬Ϊͻӡ
ŶǺãһҪһʱ䣬ҲӦɣ
ҲΪھӵвԵҲôʧ
ͬʱ״̬
ǿʼѪҺ֮еѯϵͳѾȷǲླ߲Ĳ֮һߵȼ
ླ࣬ʱ޷ĥ
ѧԺľ֮УӦŽɾ磬Ҳǲ˼
ǵľ磬֮ǺѶȵģһҲֻһ˿˿⣬¯ޱأֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ѪҺ֮еĲ֮յǲġ
һºյ㹻Ĳ֮Ϊ˻羳ס
ºǵΪ˻羳Ľס
ºǵΪ˻羳ס
˸ºȫĲ֮ΪȻûͻƣҲﵽ˻羳׵۷塣
ǻ۾𺳣ָߵȼֹˣôʵ̫ˡĲΪͻƣҵȼҲﵽĽеȣЩﾳǿߵƻеľ̺֮һЩռİ壬Ӧյһ淨ҲһЩڿռİ壬֮ϲ
վǷվԶ֮С
ӰƮ첻ǰȴԶڼǧ֮⣬Եúǹ졣
ʲôȵȣΪͻˡȻϢѾȫһˡ
ţΪѾָ˻羳߽סָˣػҲ൱һޡЩͷɥ
Ǻǣһʹӷ쾳ͻƵ羳߽ף㻹˵ѣѾˡ


1085 ҵ
߰ɣҪ뿪ˡ
õģԺ
Ǻ棬һƬʶʵҲȫ˵̲ߡ
ʱϵһѧԺ֪Ǳߵ
ʲôʮŸûгһ֯ʮڴǿ
ǵġ
ҲΰѧԺôǿˣΪʲôôء
ǾƲԳԷƣǰ
Сϵ

ȲѧԺǻҪȥһط
õģԺ
˴ռ䣬һߵСϵҲǹСϵ
ʹսΪ˵ȴǲûд볤ڵսǿơ
ԺԱߣλѧԺĻ羳ʦڡ
ŶʮŸܲͶôǿǺ֮ʿǾú𺳵ģЩʿʲôΪɶɴˡ
Ժ֪ˣ֮кܸ߼Ǳ󷨣԰ʿһ𣬷ӳǿĹͷЧ㣬ʮʿȻǿĶ羳ȴֵܵסﾳߵιҲܴݻһСϵ͵
ֲĵѰˡ
ǲһٺЩʿ컷Сϵǵв
ԺкѣҿԻǡ
㣿
ǿ˿Щš
񣬶ԸһЩϻס
Ǻǡ
Ǿĺıǰһ޳ܵļһ
Ժλǣ
ѧԺʦֽ񡣡
ͷһ˿ȫᡣ
ȥ԰ɡ
ã
˵һ̤֮С
Ǳ󷨺󷽣ʮŸĹ˷׼ڽǸҡ
ϾѧԺ̫ǿˣҲֻΪԱ
̤գһһԽһʱգǰʮڴȫȫĲм
Ҫʲô
ҪǱô
ˣôֲõԤС
˲ʱ˴ĶֻһĻΧʮʿΧĿռ䣬ֽһȻ͵һץʮڴڵĿռ䣬˲䱻ץһγһС磬ʮڴȫ档
ȥʲôԼ۾Щţͼ
ֶҲֲ̫ˣʮ˾ץġҲɵۣŪռֶΣֱǺš
ҵ񡣡ҲǾˡ
ԺҪɱôĸ鲻ȫȻҲʲôͬһ˵ֻĶȻҪСȥҪάС磬ĳһƽ档
꣬򲭰૵ʱȲãȰһ¡
Ŷͣ
ȰˣͶԶɹʮӰЩĹѾŵĻ겻塣
ߣײĲᡣǻ˻֣֣ͣʦĽˣһ֮ЩҵȨ
õģԺλʦ

ȥ·ϡ
ոǼжʲô
ռиС
ҿҪȥܰСĳƽô
ڻΪҵʵһȥҲܰ˶
Ȼ
ǵģռһ֣ռ併ά
ǵ˵ͷ㻹֪ʲôǿô
֪ˣֻһƬҲֻǼ̳ǰĺһּ䡣
ҾͲˣ֪ЩͳͳϽ
һЦҲѧֽάֱ̫ﱤˣֿƻսʵĸо
򲭰򲭣飬ǰǿɣ
ţѾصѧԺ
ߣȸᡣ
á
ȥǳУȥʲô
ƣ
꣬񰡣ôڣҹȻһ顣
ѧԺܷ
㻹óԷιιڻ㣬ȥʳʲô

ѧԺһλʦʦȵģģʦѧǶȤ
춼ûмٴμʱ򣬷Ϊһף̲סһ䡮Բۡ
ǵõļֿռŵѧԺ棬һƪȱȫĹ⹦Զﵽ˲༶
ѧǼĿռҲǴ۽硣

µһ죬յϵͳʾ̲סЩ˷
ε񣬶Сʵﳬֵ


1086 ﱤҵϵͳ
Ѿţȡ
֪
ѾȲˣæ鿴е
ȵĵһžǼ￨ƣţˣɰӦ羳ߡ
飬ǲ鿴˵һžǼ￨ơ
滭һ֣ĲߣͰ׵ͷϲеӡ
ȫ²˭ҲҲ²µϷǸϽΪá
Ʊ棬Ϣ˳

ԣǡ
ʵ
ӵѧꡣ
ӵɷǸգף˶ʱڿ10100ֻתƣֻĸʣתƸˣ
ӵ˼ӳɣѧԺ5
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺɷʦ
ǿ긣Ľ֮һ±ƣƸһʦȫһﰡ
Ǹ˼ӳɣȻⶫţѧԺˣ5Ҳ̫ﱤˡ
ɷҲǲضá
Ǹգֱӡ
ֻתƣֻĸʣתƸˣ²¡
ˣҵϵͳ
˴ĵϵͳˡ
ڸΪ羳ףҲˡ
ڶ￨ƣԺҪҪ͵
Ұοһ£˵ڶ￨ƣֻһֳֺɻȣòƵŮӡ
ϸŮӣЦЦһСұӡ
ϧǻǲʶ
Ʊ棬ȴ̲סЦˣֻдţ
ɹá
ԣȫ
ʵ
ӵѧꡣ
ӵɷľɷƲľ٣
ӵżҽż
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺɷʦ
棬ɹõΪ̫ߣɷǲ
ɷҲһְ벻༶
ɹöˣֻܰ㵽ˡ
ȫ˭֪壬ںɹˣǱʾҪһˡ
ĵ￪ƣҲһš
󽱶ں棬֤漣ʱˡ
ó˿ƣһˤȴ˶ˡǾȻһͷУͷлɧúܣһ磬ΪԼأΥͰľС
ʲô
Ǻķ˿Ʊ棬һо˵Ϣˡ

ԣһȭˡ
ʵɰ˼
ӵѧͨȭͨȭ˫ͨȭһȭԾ
ӵɷꡣ
ӵꡣ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺʦ
ǺǺǣͷȻǺУȻһȭ˵ǣһ
ڶ֮Уһȭ򱬵Ϊboss˹Ĵбڿ԰ѵȴǱһȭסˡļ޵Ϊǿˣû֪ϵͳ趨Ϊɰ˼ҲǱȽϹˡ
ĵﱤˣҵϵͳ
ٴθ̾˵ҪѧûѧҪɷûɷҪûٻǿôʱٿϵͳΪʦֱ̫ˡ
ţϵͳĵڶһɷ
ѾⱾɷ伮ֽ֮ǰһǳС˵ʥ
ŹĵȼȴҪ˼Ѿ˲༶
ʵҲˡ
׿ľ񹦣޾΢ɣÿһ޳֮˺ѵأǳԲڻ¡
ϵͳ϶ǷˣֻһŹѾֵܵǰĽһҿ϶Źй¶ȥᡣ
һΪʮؾ磬ȴҲһرһһֹʥɹҲһ
ŹҵҲޱȵϣˡ
ȫǧϸǳ֮ͬ
һҲԺĳƺš
ƺŻǺһôȻһЩѧǵٶȡԼǲôڴˡ
βһԺĳƺ֮һʵķԾһµĿʼϵͳͬʱȡһЩơ
ߺȣԭ⾪ϲأ˵˵
һȡʦǵľƣʦڱ֤ÿʱ£뿪ѧԺȥκεطڶȡʦǵƣʦǿһֱȥ
̲֮סһ䣺ﱤˣҵϵͳ
Щȡƣ̫ʱˣǲʦõġ


1087 һݺĴս
ǻǰ˿ʱǨĸо
ʱѧԺƸʦϵͳʦʧȥ̫ɣȻʦǲ˵Ҳס
ʲô취ϵͳڽ˶ʦǵƣʦɡ
ϵͳлл㡣
Ӧõġ
ǺϵͳǳĬˣ˿ƺϵͳʶʲô
һֵף飬Ҿͱ˸ˣϽ꣬Ϣʦȥ
ѡҪȡλʦ
ϵͳʱ򶼼ӿ˽ȣʼߴǡ
ĸǸաɹõġˣȭͨͨȫûлȡıҪ
ɷУԵȣ
ǵԺ֮жѶϢеĸǸɷǾȻһ˵Ķ
ôأ
Ǿһڲϵسɢ粨棬ΰ棬Ұɣ
ɷҲа
ֹһֱƭĸоΪ㳯ŵ磬ͻ㰡
ɹõǾúܲ
һһľһһ٣ء
Źľɷһ˵ɷ֮ԺƤʲôģָڻ¡
ʼٻ
Ѫεſ棬λʦôˡ
񣬺ܴ飬ȫһүүӡ
ɹãЩģСұ㡣
񣬴ģȡ
ϵͳҪ˻ǲǸʲôͼƬȫһ
һ
ǾȻԶԣɶʱϵͳҲ˺̼ңȻҲûѵ򻷾ݱ
λʦǺãѧԺԺǡ
Ժá
⵹ͦʶ࣬ǱʾҲûôô
λʦʲôҪʵĻԾܿڡ
ΪԺʵҪԱǳֵأΪǴɽ
ʲôô
ʦǵģΪԺĴ𰸡
һ£ѧԺܷô
ǿӣһιȥܾ仰ô죬ⲻ̨ô
ոյʶ£̺Ҳ߰
ܣԣȡ
Ŷô
붯ˣ㲻˵棬ǻǺѡ
Уһɹãʲô
Ŷô·İ
ѵͲһôųǰʮȻգҹգȻգѧԺĳµꡣ
ûˣԺ
ǻ˵ʲô鶼˵ˣ̫ˡ
أ
ôСͷˣȻѧԺܷԺʳľС

Ǹҿ϶Լξʦ
Ϊ˲ܵ˺˳
ͼݣǰŵߵĵطԶʮصǱעһֲĶһ㡣
ûгͼݣ͸оһɿֲϢˣѧԺ
æȥǿѧԺϿյˡ
һһ
ֻһ̺⣬ȴһӣĿԣ
ҵġԵú
˵ˣʳÿ춼Ҫһݺ⣬һҵġǿӲ
ҵľҵġ
ҵģԲġ
Ҫ㡣
㻹³
ͨȭ
С
Ӱһ飬ֱǿ磬һȺѧѸתԴȫϵĽࡣ

һС档
һȭ
ɲЩ㲻ռ䷨ʲôЩʲôǹʲôֻһȭ
һ
С羹ȻӲĴһ
ȥʲôһ̺ѪǴ˿̿Ĳ֪˵ʲôãѧԺĿռ㹻̣ϵͳķȻѧԺҪ˸ˡ
˫ͨȭ
С֮ȫᣬȥֱӽⲫ
һȭһȭȥܿռ䶼ǳһİݡ
񱻴ĲϺˣûʩչʱ䡣
Ȼôһﵽôġǲ뵽ǿؾÿ100θԳţ100100ף10ǧ׳ܣ3꣩ԼϺǿڼҾյϰߣڼһͺͷһȭԸˡ
ؾĲƭ˵ģϵͳʲôĽôǱˣܱô涼Ҫˡ
ֻżȻת֮УһԪִʮ˶ϵͳشҲû˭ˡ
żȻͻܸһô


1088 ɵʦ
׷սû
Ҳ±ưҲ֪ͷôһȭȭȥﾳǿ߶Ӳס
⻹ҡ

Ҫ㡣

ʩչռطϵŲƣȴҲ˵
һֱȥ˳һֲס
ǿһȺֲ´ѧȻڼмѧ˶ľ֣һ
Ҳΰ
Ǿò飬˼һ£ȻϺˣʱһۣڲ򡣡
սˣ˲䶼ͣˡ
ۣ
һۣ
˵ֱӾǳ˿ĺ⣬˿Ҳȫû
ˢһ³˳ſڡ
ãҪʮ档
ʮ䡣
ѧԺԱĿɿڴôʦ
ѧԺʦǵĸǺܲģÿٰңһṩԴ
ֵǮλ꼶ʦȻΪۣܶˡ
뵽Ϊһ̺֣ƺҲûʲôˡ
Ȼ˰
ҲΰʦѧԺҲû˭ˡ
ʱǵѧԺϢϢ֪ͨλʦһϢԺʦǿ뿪ѧԺȥκεطˣҲٱⷽ
ѧԺͻȻĵģǺܿһȺʦøʲôʲôúܣ⻭ôЩԡ
ô£ڲӦûڣӦȸԾôѵҴ򿪵ķʽԣ
Ǹ㲻ˣʵĲྐྵȻôô
ȥκεطǺǣҿ־Ҫһλھҵĺʦô޹ʿΡ
ҾѧԺﶼȥкöѧûء
ʦѡҲٵˣǲҪûѧǲء

żʦ˽ĺ±ư
ʲôܸһô
϶û˯ãһȻȥɣ
ҡҡͷĺˡ
ѧԺ칫ҡ
Ժʦûƣǿһ£ʦǰŷŸ٣úõسȥһ¡񻺻ڡ
һˡǼãҪȥɣˣȫѧԺ
ȥɣһ£һվȥЦ磬ѧԺһ磬岻ҶˣѧԺչ·һκĺɫ֮á
Ǹ񡭡治뻻һطȥԪħȥ帽򿴿в澰ǽȴѾˣǶ뿪ѧԺˣȻֻȥ翴ûһ׷ѵһȺʦ
ȥЩطʲôôҡͷ
ߣߡ
Ժ˵ʲô
ǰȥȥģҪˣˡ

ѰסȫȻûƣˣȻһҹ֮ͻƵվҾʽΪвʦˡ
вʦǱСѧʦţˣյȣҲٺСѧһ
Ѱģûϵͳƣһ·羳û⡣
Ҳ׷ģҪΪвʦҪΪвʦǴѧʦ
ѧԺĹ㳡ϣĦڸѧǽΣ飬ȻϢˡ
վ
ĦһȻǰһȺѧʮֱǸҴһСѧ꼶ѧˣѾͻƵվڳвǡ
ʮλ꼶ѧ˿һ±ƣֲ
Ů۲źˣѧԺһˣһأ˿Լķ˯
Ȼ۾
ôˣо˺öࡣ
۾֫ŤȻ󣺡ͻôվô
ԺģȴҲʲô
ŷٹڵ٣ֳΪѧһϸ
ô
ʦԽˡ
ǸҵΪͻˣѾ⾳Ϊˡ
ֳϷŪѧ˼ô

ʦ⼸죬ΪͻƣѧԺѾֲˡ
׵סѧԺһϵͳ
Щ棬Ҳ٣֮б죬ڻǧ㣬ȴһֱûһĶ
ȱĻһűȽĹξ츳ƷҲʵĹǾͰеһ츳Ƭ
ţȻסˡ
һŹֽڹ棬ֻһ仰οС˵ʥ
ײһ£¶˺Ȼ֮ɫѵǱ


1089 ưܵѧ
ΪѧԺѧǶϵС˵ҲԵġ
ֻԴС˵ȫͣ2020֮ǰˮƽΪ֮󣬻ϴҶȥȥˣѾûдˡǸʱľС˵ȻǾ䣬Ȼ˻ῴĶһȥϾ̫ǵĻ롣
׿ʥ֪ܲǱ̲סǧ΢Ͷ㣬£
̲סһ£Ķˡ
Ż֮壬Ȼ֪ΣⱾʺġ
һһҪ㣬һʮء
һһأ100㡣
һǰأ500㡣
һǰأ1000㡣
һǰأ1600㡣
һǰأ2300㡣
һǰأ3100㡣
һǰأ4000㡣

׿֮󣬱ŵˣҪǶһĹҪ30000㣬ھѧԺӵôѧûһ
ÿԷضһһ4100㣬㹻һǰصġȻ֮ǰأǶĿǰҲѾ㹻ˡ
˼һ£ԥѡ˶һ
뵽棬ԺֻҪһֱٲó㡣
ȫһ޵׶
ҲףһҪԽ࣬Խֳļֵ
ڶ죬׾õǰصʼ
ӽ쿪ʼһ˵

Ľ˼ʮ˲Сĺ䶯
Ĺ򸽽ȫΪ˵Ľ򣬶ܱߵԵҲС
ҪȫЩԶڲˡ
ǵΪͻƵ˻羳ףҲ弶ҲҪҪһȽϰĵط
ʮһ硣
ٴν磬ǵĸоȫǲһģʮһ磬ʵһС磬ѾԳ֮Ϊһλ档
֮УС粻򣬴Сһλ档
СĴССǧʹǧһ˵ǧǧٹ֣еܵϵǿգ߱淨ȫһ硣
λ򣬹棬Ҫöࡣ
Ӱһѧ
ֻǴ˿̳￴ȥǺ±ƣ뿪ʱӣѧȫķˡ
ȥϱڲԫǾһս
üһ£˿ѧһﾹȻǱһС֣Ȼȡɷĵ֮
һץռ䣬ǾͰС˹
ǲСģ޹ģھߡСһϻϻӣһСèôоǵǿ֮׳ԭΣ̱ڵϣɪɪ
㻹湻ϻһ嶪̲סúЦģҲôֱӸ﷢ʲô顣
ãõġϻҾܾ
˵ɣһӣ
ѧӦ֮ʮǰ׽޴켸ʮͷϮѧӵӣץıץѧҲȫˡϻޱȵ˵
׽ޣǶЩӡģ˵ԵҹսʵվŽ۷塣
ǵģϻҲ֪ʲôֶΣͷ˸ļͷϹޣŵ´ҡ
ǺǣⷽԽԽ˼ˡ￴Ѿȫ˱仯
˰Ͼ뿪﷢һĺûйϵĺòҰѧ䵽ڵ³ϻǺܴģƺЩŭ֪ǲǺͳ׽һ·ģ˵ȫΪֺǡ
ĺòңǺжң
˵Ӧٵʱֱӱ׺ңң뵱ｲΣʱһĶࡣܻΣǶָ㡣Ŀϻ˿£Ȼ֪ơ
ļ񣬻Ľ̻壿̲סЦ
ǵȻΪţֻǿϧҵʱܾˡ񻹻ţһͬ⡣ϻһĺ˵˵š
ŶʵҲͦôǳ˼һ£Ȼ˵ͷ
ɶ˼ϻĿɿڴоﲻԣȻɫһ䣬뵽ʲôԼһӣԼ˽ȥɣ


1090 һ죬ǳ
˼ܼ򵥰Ҿ˵񡣡
ܣ
񣿡
ûûˣҴˣոնϹ˵ģҰɣ
̫ˣ͹ԹԵĸҵɣ
Ҫ
ͱɣ
ϻ˵ʲôǿϢֲ̿ѡ
ǿϻıһƨɣͺһݣ
ϻɵˣϻ
ȵȣΪʲô᲻ԾĳǰأҲҪﰡһ׷ϻ
һֱܳȥ˼ǧϻӦԼݣˣȥġ
ȥǳ׽ްɣ
򲻿ɣǳ׽ߵͷϹ޾˵̳˸һΪǲ𰡣
ϻúҹȥУʣµľͲˡ

ϻ˵ʲô²òͷ
Сʱ֮һ͵֣ƵĵطԿСߡ
ɹǳ׽޺ͷϹ޾档
ɹͦ֡
ϻƨɣʾȥɾʱֻɹ汬һǿ
֥ݵ֣ǿߡһӵӲԶһŮӿٳɹϸŮǰǳ
ԭǼͷϹް֥ҲƵϻ촽֪֥Ǻö
㲻Ƿϻôͷְǿ֥ݣǶˣ֥ݲ϶Ҫôǵֻû뵽֥ݾȻĽֲǷ棬ҲǼֵǵĶ
Ľֲ൱ƷҩĽԭֵǧҡ
ߣǳӦһɳ졣
˧С˭ָָǺͰǳһȡ֥ݵӡ
ǡ̫ҹϻĿɿڴ
ҹ

ߣɾʱĸǿӰˡ
ѡ桢軡磡
Ĵ޵Ϣǿһϻɪɪǿ߰ɣĴϹʵ̫ˡ
ȷʵ򵥣ȻĶ񡣡
һ۾ͿĴϹ޵ΪӦöң˵۷Ĵڡ
һϹޣһԡ
ĵӾ棬ҹɱĴޣҲ֪ôģػڴţ
ϢͷȻûڳ˯
ҹͰǳԼȫΧˣɫ䡣
ǵ죬Ȼôɹ׽޵ŽɫսףΪ䣬ԭ֮ȫǵļһھȻϮˡؼǣǷһҲûбѧԺѧҲ˵ĳ׽ޡ
ҲǼˣȻѧԺļ룬κ綼Ҫ滵š

ͷϹһҹͰǳȫǶ֡
ҲˣҹĽΪǳֻɾŽףΪǽ̸Ĵľսס
˼أѾĴ޸Ѫ
Ĵ󻤷ɱˡ׽޺һ̫ӣһ۾ɱǺɹ
ʱ֮гһӰȴǶ۾ߵ˾Ǿ
Ȼͬʱðͺ壬ǲˡ
ҵ˭ԭ˾ǾǾðˣôţ˽ӡ壬ɹؽһ̤ƽĺ˻ġ
㡭
ͦôʲôأбɱҰ

֣׽޴һͷϹͬʱ֡
ǳǳߣ
Ҫһߣ
ҹѰǳԼֵסĴޣڻǳ뿪
ߣûʱˡ
Ϊʲô
ѵôϲ㰡

һ򣬲ûˤ
øжϻ˿һլл
ƨ̫ˡ뵱׷ӵʱ򡭡
ôˣϻǴء
ͻȻ׷ҡ
Ǻǣ
ϻװģµܵа

ȥɣ
𣡡
ĸް£ǳʵ̫ٶˡ
󣬻ס֡ǿڶû˳Ԯﰡ˵ΣգؼʱүүԼԲгȼݵôô˶ˣһԱɽе˾ǾӰûС
ȵȣҲǳôҲүүѵҾǸԲУ
籾԰
ʲôˣ׽޼ѿڶͷϹҲͣĶ
ݣʱһϻƨɣߴٵʲôһ죬Ҫǳˡ
ǻϻˣٴξ


1091 ʦ˼
ʱҹͰǳڿ֮гֵһһ
ʦ
񣿡
ǳ̼ʲôΪˮ
ҹЩԾ۾ĶǼʰ
˵е񣿡׽һ㡭㲻Ӧôôţ
ǺǣҲ֪ĸ쵰ҥԣ˵Ӧˡ˵⻰ȫһ
ֻܲܲ·ģһϵûСϻʱȴıȫ󵹸Ľࡣ
ǺǣǸоܶ氡һȻʰ㡣
ͷʵҪСġҹڣѵ
ҪСģҲ̫Сˡ΢΢ҡͷȻĿ֮кȻЩ£˵ǻҵѧץҵļӣҲǣ
⡭׽üͷֺܲõԤС
ֻҪشǣǲǣ
ǣôĴϹޣѡ桢軡硭
ʲô
ǵĮһЦһץת˲֮ʲôĴϹȴʧˣǵ棬ȴǳĸصӣÿһ棬ӡһͷޡ
ôܣ
׽ŵˣɫ԰ףǼ˹һ
ֶΣֱδš
ʵСǴѧĿռִһС磬Ȼѵ棬ϿռĽάȫ˲ɱĵˡ
⡭Ҳֲ̫ˡҹҲĿɿڴ̳˸һΪ۷ĴϹޣȻץȡ⵽ʲôĴڡ
䣬ҲϵúãҸոչǣǷɾ衭ϻ˿̺ܲҪ˵ţҲĺ˻ĵһƤˡ
㻹ʲôҪ˵ôʱ˳׽ޡ
ҡ׽һ仰ֻǸ˵˵һ֣ȴŤͷܡ
ǰӵȥС綼ҵļ֮£ĺ˻ĶûĶ֮һץֻ֮һС磬Сϯѳ׽ֱӸ˽ȥ
ʦǳʱߣ
ֻǼʮûû뵽ѧưˣҲˡε̾һɽ棬֮ǰʦֵܣȥǴ
ǡǳȥҹͬ
ܿ죬˳ǵǰɽˮڣһյӡ
ʦڻˡ
ʦҺ㰡
ʦ㻹ţ̫ˡ
ǿ˿޿䣬Ҳǲ֪˵ʲôã߰ɣȻѧ
֮ǰǰɹȫʰһգ֥ݸǲܷŹòѧԺЩɶǺö

ѧ
ǿưܲĵطһӣܿѧȻһ£ͬʱһɹֱʡ
طע⵽ˡ
ѧ
ˡ
ʦʦţʦûӦ٣Ҫȥ

ѧ档
ĸĸĴϹ˩ѧڣƾôá
ڳ׽ǽɽˮǣǺúóһ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲѸٵĴĺ˻ġ
ϢĿɿڴ˭뵽ͺаɹȻȻ䱻ˡ
ôÿ죬ȥҲ졣
ʦ
񡣡
ǵ˵ͷǵ飬Ѿ֪ҲԤҲܡ˵˵İɣǲкܶʣ
ǳҹǵ˵ͷϾʧ˼ʮ꣬˭кܶ⡣
ʵǰ˵ԼԶ񣬲ƭ˵ġǳ˼һ£ҪӿɽȣҲֱ̯ƣһ磬һ벻ġǸ磬һץһѡ
ôܡҹѾЩ֮ɫ
֪𾪣ʵһص磬Ϊһһûɣ뿪ҾͲٻˡһһЩˣȥҵ硣ǳ㣬ҵĿǷΧ֮ڡǵҪƸʦȻܷŹ
ǿȻȥһ£Ը뿪磬ʱߵʱһ֪ͨǡ˵ţֱȥˡ
ǳҹſڣԺ״̬
ʦ˼˵ЩĲɣҹŰǳѯʵ
Ҳ֪ǳҡͷ֪һأͻȻϣҲ̫˼ˡ
˼ңֱʲô̫ҹĹİɣˡ


1092 ǵİǳ
֮ٴμ˰ǳҹ
Ȼûһ𣬵ܿ⣬Ͳһˡ
Ǿ鷢˸ı䣬֮仹ǻ顣
ûпǺãǺֻаǳһ϶͸ԼˣڼһҹǳͲôԸ뿪ˡ
šǳҹǵ˵ͷ
ƿӡڼڲܸʦ뿪ǳ룬˵˵ĵġ
Ŷԭϸһ룬ҲˣʵǸ뿪ԺҲǲٻصⷽ磬˵ĵĻԣȻҲȥȡ֥ݣҪīԨ
֪ܷɱԡҹʶǵǿ󣬴˿̿ڵ
ǹͣһ£ȻԥľܾȻǲˣɱǵ飬ҿɲ֡
жӣǸǶ֡ҹЦ
ǶҲܽжӣ̲סЦһνĶӳǰȻ뻪Ĵ˵еĶԶҲһˣǿȡ˸ѧʹá
ǼʲôŪѧԺ
ʦͲܳһôǳǵֱۣȻ
ȥ⻹ǰǳŮôǺ±ƣûоԭ֮еĥѣǳҲֹ࣬˵ǳǳôðɣʦͳһסʦֱӳ֣ʦһʱ䣬ȡͻƵ񾳽磬ʱԼȥԡ
ҡǳס
ԡǿ϶˵ϵͳðǳɱԣÿ
ֻҵġ
ûʲôõĵģѵ㻹ʦ
ʦ
ܺã쿪ʼһԽ̵㣬ֱӵпԻɱԵʵ
õģʦ
ҹֺܲõĸоȴǼæҲһʱ䡣
ǺǺˣǿδϱء
ԣȻԡ
ǻ˵ʲô㰮ʹɣ

Ŀʼ̵ǳǳɾżͣô꣬ҲͲһˡ
ڽ̵ǳͬʱҲ
Ĺתϸøȹ̣Ҳӵǿ
֮ǲתҲɵ˺ѿռ䣬ǳ

ʱţ绹ʣµѧѾʮ
壬칬
̫ѧʲô¡ū
֪̫ܲǰǳŮһ˵ͻʲô¶ˡ˵ϴʧ֮ʣȻǳҹסҰ˵ģųҥ˵Ӧˣʵʵ뷨˴ǿƹƺ顣ؽŭ
ҹĸ飬칬˶֪
Щ棬ϵ칬չʾԼ˼£ٲȻΪ嶼޷ӵĴڡȻûּѾж˵ͬҹԺΪҹ
ҾбҪȥһѧһ̽ʵū˼һ¡
ȥôؽ˵ͷȷʵӦȥǱ϶δ̫ȥҹݼһ˵ùȥ
ȻȥεĿֻ̽ҾûǲҪš
ţе

Ů뿪칬
ߺһ칬ĽѸٵĸȥ
Զ칬ĵطռȻΧ˰
ô£
Сģʲôˡ
ҲʱһλεĳֱؽؿڣȥɣĭЩ칬˳ᢣŤתؽˣؽ϶ûһɫ
˵ʲô
ؽǵʧķĽ죬ȫһͷˮ
𣬹Ȼ㡣
ʱֻӲ߷ɳһѶ̵Լٶȴ̴ؿڡ
ã
Ŵ̴Լؿڵˣɫ䣺ԭǡ
ǺȻūҲĭ
ƻôãôλᣬڻ̲סˡĭ΢΢һЦȻͿӰʧ̭һӦûʣĸˣεǼѡ
ūոô£ؽڻ£ؿڣһĨѪۡ
һļϸѣǿЩĴѹԲд̡ĭ˵ţȫſںߡ
Ŷؽ˵ͷȴЩɻ

塣
Թȴ˿üͷȻ̭ˣ˭ɱѵĭ
˼һ£Թֱӳѧȥûǿһ°ǳģϾһֱǰǳˡ


1093 ѧԺʷߵı̭
ѧ
ɽǰʦؽˡ
һ֪ؽɫԭ֮гҹƵ̨νǲ˶˺
ʶһɨѾνؽ
ǲؽΪûҪȥ˵޷дʲô飬ԸҡѧǸϢĵط
ɽ˵ͷȥˡ
ɽȥ˲ʱˮ棺ʦԹҪѰҹùãҲǰǳʦá
ǺǺǣʲôӣȻ˰ݷá
ѧҲסɡ
ǣʦ
ǺϾĿ˺ϷѾ֪ԹѧԺѧȻȷؽǸūȻҲһѧԺѧ
ҲܿͻһϷ
ѧ档
λŮˡūԹȣȴ¶һ޵Ц⡣
Ŷؽ˵ͷԹȵӡ
ʱҹͰǳһ˳
ùã
ҹ
ؽԹͬʱȥк
ôˣԹȣǳȻ
ùѧԹȵĹùãԾ͹ˡ
϶ɹ鴫˳ȥҵİɡ
ǵģùãԹԺչ㣬ô
Ǻðɣ

ҹδ崢ôһֱǸһɡ
ƿӡڼϣʱԣĺ˻һ̫ƽ
֪Ļĺ˻ģ֮飬ǻȥһΪá
Ѿ㲻Ȱˡ
Ǻðɡ⼸һѧͨˣʱһȥĸҲͦġ

ҹ
ԹڷŵһϷϧǵġ
ūʱͻȻ˽ָʹСѧʲôǲʲôĿģ
ԹһԼϷļʱ˭ʲôĿģ
ūʱ΢΢һЦˣѾ֪˭ˣˡ
Թ⻰ʱɫ΢䣬һɱɢ˳ȥ㵽˭
ôǾ顭֪˭Ѿϲܾˣûж⣬ԸӮ
⻰˵ûëܶԷ˭һŮıף϶Դɱ֡
ʱĻˡ
ϲң
ֻԹȴĿɿڴɵ۵㣬ܰôϲң֪ô⡭ôã
ԹǾơ
˿̾ƵԵȷˣһʱ뵽̫ණ
ĭ˿Ѿ֣Ȼ´ˣǴشɵɵľơ
ܣô㣬һΪǡ
Ϊ˭֪ˣϲȴңһȥ͸߰衣
ܵܣҡ
û뵽Ȼջεֵˡ
˷ޱȣİĭԼĽ㡣
ĭʱ˵ʲôǸϽ취˾Ϊãܵܣε񡭡
ǲĭ˵꣬ƾѿڶ֪ϲ˻ûб̭ӮûϵΪĵܵܣΨһ׵ܵܣһġ֪Ѿûмˣ̭˰ɣһҪŽһؼңɲԣ
ĭҪ޳ˣǵһõܵܣΪˡ
ãõģʱһؼҡ
㣬ͣҿ㣬Ϊ˰飬ŬɣһҪҸŶ
ͣ
ܸɴԼԼ̭ˣһֻΪ˳ȫԼϽ㣬뿪ʱһ̣϶˷ܵЦݣϽˣԺӦûٹ˰ɡ
򣬾ƳЦҽϲˣϲˡ
ɾʱһƵͨ
Сӣ㱻̭ˣؼһˣ˵Ҫ㰲ס
ȵȣ˭
ƿƵŮӣֺܲõԤС
˭㰡
ҽ㣿
ĳ˼ŵҽ㣬Ǹոյ˭
ƣôˣ
㣬ûѣûϲˣ
ϻȻûУôô
ǲѾ̭ˣ
԰ǰͱ̭ˣˡ
ƴ˿Ķˣҵ׾ʲôѧԺʷϱߵ̭ߣ

ѧ֮УǴͷβһĻҲΰ
һԼֱ֣ӽΪ㣬Ը̭Ҳû˭ˡ

ʣµѧѾֻˡ
ʱȥ֮󣬰ǳϺȻһǿϢ
ҪͻƵ񾳽ˡ
Ǵ˿̵˵ͷֻҪǳͻͻͷԣðǳɱԣԼԺר


1094 ţ۲ݵĶ۾
ΰǳͻƲԭ֮еҪ١
Ȼ׽١
ϴΰǳɽ٣ǻ⾳ΪȴѾӵ˻羳Ϊ
ʲôǻ羳ۻִ磬Ѿ򵥵ĸԤطת
˿̣Ѿظоת
˺ѿռ䣬һصĵطʲôطδǹȥһйתȫ
Ҫʲôϵͳ
ǻһУᷢʲôʵ
罫Ϊʧȥת򣬳ױҷ𡣡
ǲҲˣֻҪƿת򣬾棬
ԭģһתǿޱȣǿ鶼û
֪ˡ
뿪֪һ㡣
е󶼻۵һ㣬ǾǸıĹڹ֮ϣҲռ塣
ս棡
ÿһߣһߣĵˡ
ǵΪܶ쵽ⷽСתתһЩǺ׵ģһָⷽĹ֮УԼʶǿӸⷽĹⷽĹϿ飬ðǳͻƵȫϷģ׽Ҳ̼Ρ
ͻˡ
ǳ̧ͷ׽ʧȴ̲ס¶һЩɫѵʦ
ǣ벻˭ʵ
ѾͻƵ񾳽磬׶ˡŲʮ꣬ͻƵסƳӡڼѾûôʱˡһǿưΪףҲȷˡǵ˰ǳԺǳͻƴ󾳽ѣС磬ġ
лʦ
Ϣ죬ȻΪΪ

ʮ֮
תעǳ壬ڵΪǳΪף֮󣬰ǳԺʮڶͻơ
ҲΪðǳܻɱԣѶΪ֮
ǳظоǺ嫵粨ӿĴ󺣣ޱ޼ʵǿա
ϴ壬չľĴľתʱ˳˯Ǵľڤ״̬ڤȴһƬǿգǿ֮Ⱥܲƺڿ򣬽һơ
ƵģȻһԣ
Ⱥ֮Ĺ켣Թֵÿһ˸ͺϸڲͣת
ò˵ľҲһŲ༶Ĺֻǿϧǳûмʶ棬ȻڵľԲǸոͻƵ
˼һ£ֱӳŰǳ֮йעһЩ䣬ǺӵӰ
ǰǳԻĵطһȫڻͨ
Ȼˣⶼԣ
ǷְǳϢϱǿʼעһͻƵףȻĽ׶ȥ
˹ȥ죬ǳо˯һʱ˶һˡ
Ľף
ǳˣŶãΪȻôͻơ
ʦأ
ȥˣ˵㡣
ҹŰǳԽԽԣԱߵؽȴɫѿ

˿̵ǣѾȥƸʦ·ˣϾҪˡ
ʮԼûãǶƸʦеҪɫܸƸˡ
˴ƸĿ꣬Ҫǳвʦ
칬̫
Ȼû˰ǳҹһŰǰ׷źͶ۾ȻŰĲвеġ
۾þò
񡭡칬Ҳǣ˭ס㡣
˾Ǿϴλǵϸһǵʵ֪֮
΢΢һЦ֪˶˵Ӧˣû뵽Ӧٵȴ㡣ӦٵҲ˼ⷽؼвϲɣǿӵưˡҲӦõģ磬ǻ羳ǿߣҲֻм
۾ǺǵĻ˼һµ֪񵽷ãΪ£
΢΢һЦһѧԺƸΪʦ
ѧ
ǣڴ˴Ҳڴ˽硣

磬ԶһСԱȵģȥˣ벻ĺô
ʲôôҵ
磬ҲûʲôͰ׷šƱ磬ҶˣȻЩţ۲ݵɣϲ׷ŵġ

⡭úõһ飬ôͻȻۻ಻˾Ǿֹţţ۲˵Ļ󣬻ѧϰ


1095 Ƹ
۾̲ס˼˵ģ
֪۾Ƕˣһ￴ģʵȴй֡
ǵģⷽ޶ϲнܵõ飬ǰⷽĹ̫Сˣһ㣬㡣ңԤⷽĹת
ôܣ
㲻ţǾҼʶһ¡Ϊ൱ڱĹסˣҾתͷųΪ
ǵעС磬ʼӰת
أⷽ翪ʼܶ۾ĴڣΪ۾ǺϷģϿɡ
۾¶𾪵ɫоһ֮ڽʧΪڷɿĻָ
ܿ죬ѾָԼȫʢʱڵΪ
߽ס
Ȼġ
۾ԼΪü١
˵Ļ
ǰЩˣˣԸ⵽˵ѧԺְ
ãһƸ飬ֻҪǩּɡ
۾ԥǩԼ֣ѧԺϢ뵽Ժ֮С
Ժ
ţСڸһѧԺʽ
˵ſ⣺˾Ǿ֪ǷҲԸ⵽ѧԺְǳвһְλѧΣҾͦʺġ
˾Ǿʱ˽۾ȥģȻȥġ
⻰˵ģ֪ĻΪмء
ȻˣƸ͸ˡ
á
˾ǾѧŶ۾ǩ֣һλʦ¼ѧԺ
۾һ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬㽻׷š
л
뿪̫ԼһϣǺгɾ͸а

ʮ֡
ǿպͰ棬Ҫûһȣš
λ¡
񣡡
պͰ涼վЩΪʲô
ˣҹλȥһط֪λԸԸ⡣
ʲôط
һѧԺר˵ĵط
պͰ滥һȻǸǵ˼
Ҳɣ򵥵İѧԺһ飬պͰ涼ĿɿڴЩɵۡ
ԭô粻˼Ҷȼĵط
˵ôǲͬԭϽ硣˰ݹˣⱲֻʮΪ飬ĺ⣬ˡ
Ϸˣո˵ʲôʮΪ顭˵һӣʮֱӴǰʧˣʮͦģԵѧԺˡ
㲻տЦãֱǶ԰
ѧԺƸ飬ǩػǩأǩĻҲʮˡ
ǩôٲǩ˵͸ñƤëˡպΣǿģûۡ
ǰأ
ǩǩ
⻰˵ˮƽȫ̩̹˺Ů˵Ļ
Ҳ

֮⣬ǻǩΡ۷ˡ
˼ϰǳҹʹƸʮһˣһǱƸģǾīԨ

顣
ô飿һȺīԨĵӳˣǰǸŰΧ
ʮѣҶʶˡ΢΢һЦ
񣡡һͿʼīԨĵҲǷ׷񣬶ǣǿǳ𾴡
һμʮȥīԨ˯ôãҲˡʵīԨһīԨҲҪƳӡˣԲŵȵڡ
īԨһȺ⻰ѡ
īԨʬǰΪжյԵʣīԨʬãīԨԪҲλˡ
ȱľǼīԨ壬ѡ
˵ԭīԨΪڵΪ̫ײˣ֥ݶò
ڶʼӿīԨ壬ѾûϢīԨȻǿҵ겨
ѣ
л
īԨʶǴ֣ĺܸмǡ
Щ
ã
īԨϵϢԽԽǿֱ񾳽磬һ嵽߽ס
ʱīԨ۾Ȼˡ
ϲīԨط˼䣡
û뵽һܸ
īԨվʱֻ
ţīԨɫһ䣺Ƴӡˡ
ǵ˵ͷͲٹˣӦƳӡˡ
Ǻ⣿
ѾСͽǳȥɱԣѾˡ
͸ؿռ䣬Ȼ˰ǳӰ˿ѾԵĶ档
񣬴˿ҲڹעһĻ


1096 Ѫùҹ
΢΢㵣˭
ǰͻȻֵİǳʶ
ѧǳ
ɶʱĺ˻ĳһѧ
Ȼ֪ΪѾʱˣ˴ƿӡֻĸ졣
ǳ˿Ľ׵ΪдľսѾ޵С
۷ԣǶ֡
ССŮޣԲѡ
һȭ˰ǳȭͷ˺ѿռ䣬絶һ磬Х
ǳȴǵת֮ϣճһ貵Ǻͼ
ӡתһΣֲңֲúʵ
Եһȭ˰ǳߣǺȻȴͣˣ۾ϣʶ뵽һûпʼҲûнĵط
ĴƺһһΣĹĶѡ
ǴľȷĴ򿪷ʽһйһΣ˵ĹΪ顣
ǳ֮ǰʩչľֻƤëԶڿԱȵġ
˿̿ʲôҲľӡӰ죬ʼ
ֱֹδţء
īԨǱȽѵģЩ𾪵˵
ѧԺֲ㼶Ĺв٣īԨԸѧԺֻҪ۵㹻ĹףҲʸġ
Ŷǵֵÿһ¡
ҲƸīԨǰ϶顣
ɾʱ򣬳ͻȻ˱仯һӰԶֱҹһԵؿڡ
ʱԺ޷һоҪҡ
ǲɫ΢䣬ҪǳɱԣԺרǱҹͷǲеŬ֮
Բסˣҹ
һЦһʶΪ쳹Ե֮С
ôˡ
ҡҡͷȴ˹ȻͿɱҹŭСӣ
һŷҹͱ˳ȥ
˶ĿɿڴҹҲ̫ù˰ɡ
Ҳڵҹԭеҹ˸ͷϹޣ̳˸һΪʱʵҪǿһء
ʱٴο˰ǳ˺ࣺܶŮ㾹ȻҸԻˡ
ǳ˰ٲҲ˵пʼһӡֻƳһ׵磬Щ׵罻֯һγһӡ
Ʒӡѹȥһɽ
ѾףѾɱ󲿷ֵ
ʲôֶΣȻܲ٣
Դ󾪣ѹӡ֮£׵壬˺ļ⣬ʹ
ɾʱҹˣٴγԡ
ΣһҪɱԡ
ǺΣҹô£Ǻ˲ɡ
ǲҹͷ͸գעһ˿Ե壬˿ը缤ԵС棬͵ؾͰӡˡɵǣⵯӡײҹ׵ϣֱӾʹӿȥ
Χ۵ĳԹȺٴ±ƣ̫ҹ첻ǵùǵѪù
۾ǺˣҹרЦô
ǳ΢΢üҲ֪˵ʲôãҹĺøжֱӽ10ٷֵ㡣
ӵһ٣üΪѧʲôطȻ
һ޷ĵطѧǰ㲻϶ѡ
Ǻǣϣ
ʱһǶӡ
ųһĶһ֣˶ɫ䡣
īԨԪѪ˶ӣŷӡԣڶٴγ˭ֻѪӡ
ȥɣ
Դ߶ӣһɿֲڶ֮ڻۣǺȻǵػˮųƴֻ
ʵڶ֮УһƵС硣
ÿδ߶ӾǴСͨС翪ʼѪӣ˵˾һȫΪС磬ιӣֹɡƵСչ㹻ȻҲͻͣͨҲպϡ
ǳϵһĻ٣һȴǺη塣
ɾʱҹһγǳǳÿҪһѪӣ
ǳȻҹ㡭
ҹ˿һ׳ɫأ̫ӣҵΣ뿪
˸жĪؼʱҹǺеô
ֻǰǳʱȴȫûбж־һưҹ˳ȥÿ㣬̫ˡ
ǼȻðǳɱԣûԤϵһĻ˵˾ҹΪǡ
ҹһ˺ѷεĺҪǳǳ
˿ҹٴαɣԼⱯ׳ӣĺ۰
磬ҲױĲٱˡ


1097 Ժר
ǳҹһǺӣøжֽ10
ȥɣ
ȫ߶ӣСһɾ޴֮ҪѰǳɽȥ
ǳʱ˫ִһӡڶ֮ϡȻ䣬һ۳ͣһ쫷ŭһˮһȾʡ
ˮףӡۣ
ڷ֮䣬ԼԼԿһС͵˰ǳУСһ־չֳǿ֮ǲС֮赲סˡ
ôܣ
ԴʧɫֶӾȻڲ
ԣڵˡ
ġ
ǳɲЩ˫תʱһȫͬӡ
ӡҲǵӡ
һӡһĳ仯һһӡӡÿһӡӵɽ
ǴӡģڹʱһƴҲûκ˫еľɲ֮߾磬ǴƴԪĵز
Եޱߵΰ͸һ·񣬶ռ䣬ɱԵǰ
غɱ滹𣬿֮ȴÿһϸΪ˷顣
ɱңҲˣѾͶΪһ壬ˣӻͷųҵ𡭡
һ仰û˵꣬Գ׻Ϊӣɢ硣
ʱ̧ͷ죬ֻѾĿ£һĺҵҪ籡ֺҵһС缴ʱС籾ԴȼղŻеĻ档붫Ӻ϶ΪһҲҪ𣬶֮еǸСǾͳױˡ
ã
ǳɫڱˣڵΪֵסҵΨһҲѧԭ֮еҹԼӣǿйرնӺӵͨ
ˣǺҵԷյһС
ĺ˻ĽҪһˡ
Ϊʲôԣ˭һ硣
īԨҪֱ嶫ӶȥΪĶӣ񱣻ⷽ硣

סõīԨڶӣǽɡ
ⶫʧȥƣͬСɡ
õģΣǶǷ֮ܽ顣
˵ţһֻ̽գԽǧ
ĺ˻֮ڻֲ̿񣬶֮гһɫĴ֣ĽģһĽľһһɫֳǶһץֲĶ˿ǣȻ
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һ֪߳ʲôط׽޷ȡ
Ƕ֮߳£СֱӻΪ˷С䵽֮С
ջأ˻һ㡣
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ʱŷӦ֡
ԭˡ
֮û뵽ַ˼ķʽ
ѧһĵطԶ֮һΪɹ
һȺţǱȴǲİѶյԼĿռָ棬ⱦȥӹһ£Ե羳֮µߣÿԸѧԺѧʹá
īԨǷԸѧԺΪһλٵѧԺвʦ
Ը⡣
īԨʶǵĿֲ֮󣬶Ǹν
ãһѧԺƸ飬Ұ鴦ϣʹʽȥѧԺ
û⣬ô˽ҲҪ

ѧ
ˡǿ˰ǳ˿̵İǳȻŮҹһԾˣǴⱻǿӻˡ
ʦ
񡣡
ǵ˵ͷְǳҹ䵭࣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôá
ԸѧԺΪһٵʦ
Ը⡣
˼ͬʱǺ⡣
ǺǩƸɣ
ǿǩ֣ҲǽˣѧǵźܿҲ
ʵҲˣΪѧԺǱĭ̭һˣѧԺİ׳
ѧѾֻˡ
ʱѾȡԺרĽˣò˵ܷ
ʮԼ飬һɷԼһԺרõİ깦ҩ衭
ޱȵڴԼɷãѾôܸľϲǿŰ깦ҩ裬Ķ
ѾԤŹҩ֮ΪεĲǡ
һ죬ǵѾһƿɫ͸Щ
ϵͳ㽱İ깦ҩ裿
ǿԼĲƿôǿյģⲻһҩɣ


1098 ˾۵Ĺҩ
ϵͳҲﰡϸ
ǺǺˣϸҾǰ۾ٴ󣬿滹ʲôûС
ˣҵĶԲԣ깦ҩ裬һžܶһޣҹȻ̫ˡ

ԭҲһϵͳ
ϵͳ֪˵ʲôˣʵֻһʶеһЩ飬˿ȫˡ
ƿӿ

Ǿ⵹ǺеϹˣûж֪ˡ
ƿǳ飬ȻɶûС
ɾʱһɾ˵Ϣǳκġ
ǿϢ治Ƿһʯɣ
Ǿˣʱʶסƿظоˣ澹Ȼһ֥Сɫ͸޵һš
ǰ깦ҩ裿
ţ˭Ĺҩ裬СĲ񻰣۶
ǵģʵͯۡ
һ̫˰
·Ĺϵͳ
깦ҩдһ˿ıԴ֮Ȼ޷һյ۳һҩ裬޷һϦ֮ȫҩ衣깦ҩҲǼ䲻ȶģոմƿһᣬѾʧҩ
᣿
±ˣæͰƿˡ
ϵͳӵǿҴƿģʧҩȫ⡣
ϵͳӦԼȫ𡣡
ҿԿô
أ
ⷴʣǾȻовˡ
ǺǣôоʮҩأҲУҲУ
Ǻܸɴˣһ깦ҩ˾ۣ̲ס۰
ȰʮԼպãȻóõһɷ
ʲôɷ
ǾȻһᣬƺǰЩͬ
ܹģӦֻ࣬ҪʶĶĶ
ǡ
ǵʶ̽ȥ¶ޱ𾪵ɫȻǴ֮еǧ֮һ
棬Ȼûǧ˵̺תǴ
ֱָתɷκ֪ƶҪƴ
ƽǴԺ᲻дԸ뵽Щͨչֳ֪ʱʲôΣЩླ飬Ҳ°͵ϰɡ
ǰĶһ飬ò˵ݺ̺Һǻɬ
ӵ漶ԣ˿̶оЩá
ȻֻһָɷܸĵزȴܶͨأˣҪϵȻ಻Ҫֻ
˵ˣ⡣
ɷȫȡϢ㲻֪һЩ飬Ƕһз飬мأ͸ġȡЩϢȻȻȷľϡ֮ͨһʱݣ˵һ㡣
ǰպã֪᲻ѧϾǿ̫
ǣԼһ

ǰ˾۵İ깦ҩ˰ɡ
ϥ£ֱƿӶ̵˶棬Ȼһƿ˵ҪʧµĹ
ʵһĻ羳ߣһ꣬Ҳ۲˶
ǿһ۵ȴ԰ѵݻټʮεģҲѹŵҩҪעԺרˡ
ҩ¶ǣƿӻΪ˷飬¯յɶʣ
ʱֲҩֱ¯Щҩʼǵϸںϣʼչϸռ䣬ǿΪ
̺ºͣϵͳ˵ģûκεĸá
Ǹо̾ǿ˹ƵģظоԼΪ
羳׵ϺܿͱˣͻƵ˻羳ףΪֱ˻羳߽ס
ǼޱȣѾףһƷɵˬˡ
ţˣҵϵͳ
ţԼΪȻ깦ҩҩЧԶûйȥ
Сʱ
羳˽ף羳˽ˣҾʻ˭
ǽȭͷ˼ضҪˣȻûнѵͻƵ羳Žײɡ
һ̣ǳڴ
ĸСʱȥǵΪﵽ˻羳˽׵۷壬ֻһܴﵽ羳Žˡ
ʱ򣬰깦ҩҩЧȻûˡ
Ǻǡǹҵİɣ
ǿЦãѵȱʧҩǹ⳯˿ΰ


1099 Ҫ
ϵͳԺҲһˣˡֱӰ˦ϵͳͻƵ羳Žףһϵͳġ
ϵͳǺǣɲԼ򿪵ƿ
˵ǻǺѡ


ڶ죬ˬ
ȻûͻƵ羳ŽףôҲﵽ˻羳˽۷壬ҲС硣
ϸռ䣬Ѿһôˣ涼ǰãã
ΪȻﾳսȴһĳﾳǿ٣ڻȫһα
Ǽįѩ
Ƿ磬˵ĸ̾ȭɽԺ߱׶԰ɶǿ߿ɶ磬С硣
ʱȷʵҪ뿪ˡ
ֻǿϧʣµѧĭҲ֪˭ڶûзֳյʤ

ѧԺ֮С
ֱӰѴƸʮλʦ˻
Ǿͽˡ
񣿡
ʱһЩš
ǻһǰĳô¡
ΣһۣңǸ񣬿Կҵķ֮ҵǸͻع顣
⡭
ǻкܶ಻ģھҸһܲҵϢʵǲģѧԺǣڵ硣
ʮλʦĿɿڴ˺ܳһʱ䣬ǲǽʵ
ԭǾNPCNPCҲдġѧųĿ˵ٿʵͦõġ
ǳǳǹȻһԡҹʱȴԵЩ˷ܡ
ǳૣȴЩƮ
ڿһˡ׷ʱܲ޼ɵıס˶۾ֱۣĶ۾˿۾ðˣǻ˶Уƺеطͷˡ
ǻ˵ʲôΪרҵ۲Ϊ

һºڲ鿴һѧԺ֮ʲ
Ժ
ţҿһ£һ飬ѧԺԴǺܶ࣬Ǹ߽׵Ʒȴ١ǳ˼һ¡
Ʒȼ֣һԷΪʮף֮⻹ба֮ġ
ѧԺԼ֮ϵƷЩǿĹҲֻ츳Ƭݿ򿨡츳ԼƼɴ֡
ǰҲѧǻҪôߵȼƷųвѧԽԽ࣬ѧѾ˳꼶ЩԵԽԽӦˡ
Ժûа취顣ƷＸһˮ룬κһƷǼֵơñԭƷҩЩ˶˵ȻмСףЩΡ
мôһȴǲÿɷ񣬡ֻҪãа취õģľ򣬲ľٿҲܿѧ
⡭ףЦѣⶼĸİ
֣񡣡Ҳʱϵͳ
զˡǺ⣬أϵͳ
ҪģϵͳôԴʱԼһˡҪһ֮ΪѧԺһ߽ƷʮƷһټƷһʮǼ￨ƣʮɷһƸԺȨȵ̬
ǿְʯͷԼŵĸо
ֻôѣڸôؼҲ̫˰ɡ
˵ģһ߽ƷɶҪһǾǶױԴϵֵȼԴ˶ࡣҩǾƷҩϵҲû˭ǹҲǲ༶ġаЩҲҪǰǧ档
ϵͳҪȥ
ǸоԼһ棬ôʹһء
Ľ۾ȴֱˣƺҲûʲô
ȣһʮǼ￨ƣǾһλԪɼʦ൱绮ֵﾳѹһ͵ˡʮɷϵͳɷɶǾƷǲ༶ģһӻʮ֣ˬˡ
ȻƸ
ʱ򲻾Ժˣ̲סϵͳɶƸ
ϵͳ˽ͣһܻõ￨ƣʵֻܸһ󾳽磬ƸơƸٻʮǡʮһʮǵѧԺڿΣЩﲻѧԺʽʦڿƣԳΪƸ
Դ˵ģȫûаʲôȥȫʮǡʮһǡʮǡ
ţöСǡ


1100 绮
ѧԺڵ绮棬ʮǡʮһԼʮʲô
ʮǣǾԪɾ磬ԪһԪʼ˼ﶼʼһӦﾳ
ʮһǣǾʥɾ磬ʥӦʥ£һ֮׵˼ӦĽ
ʮǣǾǽɾ磬Ϊ֮࣬ӦĲླ
ڲླ֮бֳ֮Ϊ񣬲ƾã淨򣬿˵۷Ĵڡ
飬ҲĲ࣬ϵ֮Խ䡣
ѧԺв꼶ҲӦɡԪԼʥ磬νĴѧȴֻһɾˡ
磬̽İأ׷Ѱܣϣͬ١
ͨƸ뵽һλʮǼĽʦ͵ȼĴ޽ɣѧԺش
һƽһԼļϵͳɲҪʧֻΪƸҲȥˡ
ȻеһҲǽԺȨȵ̬Ȼǿġ
ԺȨֻǵڶ̬ѾתΪκαˣǽ˵̬֪ʲôܡ
βò˵ϵͳ̫ˣʵ̫ˡ

һºʽ뿪ѧԺ
ѧԺ֮ǻǲܵģȥԴϾҲҪĿɡ
񣬾Ǹһɣ
̫ˣԳȥˡ
ȥģ
ǿųԼʮħĺ
˼ҳſڶٲҲƼ򼶷ɴŵǺãֱӴ
û취γſҪһģﾳ֮¿ޱȣǳȥܴ˭
ֱӶգֻ࣬ˣЩ֮зУҲǿǿ̤գƶ
˵ʦѧԺЩؼҲѧѧŲƵɷҪɣ
ѧᡣ
ܸɴֱ࣬ǵ͵ĵϸ
ԣ֪ԣ˳ԣ㻹ʲô㡣תħȻ˵ˡ
һܡ̧ͷĿ񣬴һԲϾͿɵ˼
ǺǡǾԼгΪķǱʡ

֮أСϵ
֮ǰ·һȴûȥγѼ߽׵Ʒﵹһѡ
һ˵ַӾͰˡ
ƯСϵһɫĺ˼һ£˵
춹⡣ૣȴ뵽ʳõǸġ
û˵ʲôСϵЩ𾪵ġ
ǰĺСϵʮɣлвٿռ涴ͨһЩλ磬ڻûб̽ϡ
ԣÿ궼ÿ궼ﱬһЩ߽ƷҲ˲ٵǿߡ
УڻĹΧѼĻ羳ߣȴв١
Ȼֱ֮ӾͳϣһЩ֮⣬һԭϾҪٿһʢᣬʱܻܿһЩ߽Ʒ
õĸ߽ƷǿҲҪġ
ΪˣǰԼЩܵСⶼóˣڵҡ
ѧԺʽҶãΪϵͳô߽ƷѧԺһѧԺʽǿɾͲõģѧԺġ
ԺþòһߵԶ̧ͷȥǰϰˮ
ѾôݣϾ治ǵ˵ԼԺҲΪѧԺǿġͺñЩĴ壬һ㶼˵Ρ
ˮϣõˡڵƺЩײ࣬ҲȷΪӰõϢ֪һҪСڰǲΪ˽ύⰲһϺһμᣬǾͲö֪ˡ
ԺˡˮǫѷĺܣȻȴǿ񣬡֪λǣ
ѧԺλʦ档񣬻Ͱˮϴк
ã񡣡
񡣡
ѧŵ˵ķʽһץס˰ˮһֻ֣İˮ±ˡ
ǣǱߵǣ֡Ǽæ͵
˼˼ˮεЦ˿մͺͻңЩǵĻûѧԺʦҲֵúܡ
Ժȥ˵ɣ
š
ǸŰˮ˺Сϵ֮еһŽǵ棬ҲС


1101 רҵ©ʮ꣬δԽ
ˮϸǽһ
˴ʵ֯ϵǼ֧УΪĵһУǼеĵ̾Ͳ˵ˡ
ξҪһЩͻµĵѺƷЩͻǴǼн˲ٵңڹ涨ʱ޷ǼоͰԼǵѺƷȻΪǼ֯ᣬȼߣҲв˰ԼƷǼȡҡ
عƷ棬ѾһһױԴɾһƷ
ģмƷҩԼаǰǧļֱѾˡ
ˮ˳һٴͣѼʮңˣȫһԻô˶һ֡
ǰΣͦϤģȴԺô
ҲãỹҪʮſʼ

·ϣˮ˳˰顣
ѧԺȻȫְ֧Ϊһμ㰲ˮϾܷġڵĺǺܺôڵеĽ棬Ӫɵ꣬ҩ˾ҩ˾ǵ˵ҲǱԼ̬ȡ
ǣǿһֱĺܺãѧԺ֧֣ųΪһ峤ָտɴˮЦЦ֪ѧԺ֮ǰһֱѧԺһĹϵɼӵȥѧԺѧֻ֪ɵ˱Ŀģôǡ

ǻǱȽϴģһ죬Ҳֻǹе֮һ
Ժǰط˼ˡˮָָһţͨһλС磬һ鱻˽ȡǿգеļ򱻴飬һĽƽ̨˵ǴĽ׳һЩ羳潻Ʒ
ŶһҪȥ
˺Ͱˮ˴ţѾһƬСǿ֮С
ǿգмʮԲ׵Ľƽ̨⻬н׵ߣΪĶվ
⾳ߣ洦ɼвٹΪˣпǻ羳ߡ
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һУҲó׹˾ﳣפ㡣Ķܶ࣬вЩרҵļʦʶġˣ׬ˣ˫ܷڡһ㣬ܣһ־ͻᱻ͵רŵսռ䡣ˮܵ
˼Сϵ֮Ϊ֮أƺҲַԼǲ
ȷʵԵ˲ٺö˵ڼǧǰԵһױԴһվСһһʱΪ̸
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ҿרҵ©ʮ꣬δԽߣ£ȳһƽ̨ȥͬʱʼʩչǸ񼼣Լ곯ɢһֲ棬ңҼ©ɡ
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ؼҵһ߽ƷǾ׬ˣ˲һ롣
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ˮ̲סЦЦǲܵ飬©ô׵ġ

ףĶʲôԲĿţƵӡʲôȻһңզȥ
򡣡
̣߻ô
Ǻֱӵһƽֿ̨ණҩ涼УˣǺŪ˭أ
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һٶƽ̨ǺҲͿһĽƷ©ʲôľ͸ˡ
ʵĲ࣬Ǵò˼鰡
ҪˡȻǴӸڵһƽ̨
ɶ̲סչȥ˿ǾȻһĲϣҲ֪ɶõģһϢûУⶫԣ
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жǺͰˮȻļٵġ
һǺĲֱӷֳ룬ȻбĳһӼӵذ׳棬׳һȾܣӶ˿ռ֮УۿҪ뿪λС硣
ɶ⣿ǺͰˮסˣֻ¶һɫ


1102 һשˣ
ʱϳ֣һֻץ˹ȥ׳һƬնץ
ǰ׳ʱˣĴҴܣȴôҲӲ
׳ȫһյĿռ֮С
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ˮɵˣеɵģһγ֣չ¶ֶĵ׷
֮䣬˺գճɽ磬Щﾳ߶
񣬰ˮ˿Ҳ֮ǰӡ
ֵôɵģǲɷϣҪǿܶ࣬ɱûκ⡣
⵽ʲôʶǿ˿֮ĵĳӣúаһôСĶʵҲǿǸոճӣǾȻŲƣô򵥡
桭µ˵ţȻǼ䲻ȫ
棿ס֮еһƫŵа񣬴˵֮һЩӣЩһȡıԴӵŲ˼Щӱ֮Ϊ档
ڶĿռ棬˵ӵдλ棬Ųƣ涴ܡ
ֻǼռ˺٣ͼûУ˾Ǽ˿ռ棬Ҳϲ
ڼȻɣ׳аڶĿռ档
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˵ˣԻõĸ߽ƷŻ棬ָ㡣
ᣬһѰĸ߽Ʒˡ
Ȼǰһλ޿ռ䷨飬Ҳ޹ϵ
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ԭǵһһµĵǰȥһԭȻһٰʮҡ
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ˡ
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Ʒʵǲ࣬һ֪һȥҡ

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񲻶ϵػӶְשǰש澹Ȼ˼ɫķģ˵һӡǡ
ʱܱߵĲ˶סˣǲһϢ
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֮УԴȻţ棬֮ͬڣļֵȴҪټٱ
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Ǵ˿ҲˣʱȫǼʵĲ񻰣ʲôǸգⶼյȥ˰ɡ

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ǸשüͷȻﲻ
˵ţͬͬ⣬ҪѰשȥ

ˣһ㿪ӵ֣ҺϲשͷѾǮˣҿҪˡ
ڣȻⷨһשͷ
֣
ʱЦһǿϢ˳
羳
ǻ羳ߣ
кϷˣǸͷҪ군ˡ
˿ЩģʣҪҴô


1103 ⶫ˳֡
ЦѣܣҪɱ㡣
仰һʱʱձ仯˱͵սռ䣬ҲһƬգ﷽Բ
һžͽսռ䣬ҲǷ׷׸ȥ
ˣī羳˽۷ߡһʧò˶¶𾪵ɫ
羳˽۷ߣѹһʱˡ
Ҿ˵˭ôԭīһһݽɫͼ羳һȥ̽һżֻһ˻Żˣһȥͬ飬ȫ׵ˡһ⾳Ž׵ӱһϡ
̧ͷȥ龹ȻֵĳԹȺڣһٶϢǿӦöǻ羳ߡ
Ժ㲻ôīǸɫͨþ֮ͬڼ޵У벻ٻ羳Ž׵һսˮĵѵ
ҪǿžС
ţ
ˮˣʲôпžУôѧԺʦһǹͷ˸ô졣
ϾѧԺ飬ˮһѾ御ˡ
֮УҪɱңҪ㡣
ΧһȺ˺ⶼĺģ⻰˵ôСӴһ׼갡
Ҳ̲ס˲ʵ׽
īЦһúԲзϻȥͳˡ
һִֻȥֲĻþϯֱγһƴĻþ磬ϲ֣ͬ׵Ļ羳þ֮УҲ᳹׳Уʧȥ֮
Ȼûþ񣿡
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˿ɲ֪ǶīĻþסˡ
ī̫ǿˣþ֮УЩ߻Ǳɡ
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Ǹͷ군ˣǿҲ϶˻þ

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ܵһȺԹȺڣ˿ҲĿɿڴĲ̫˰ɡ
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ǻ̫ˣͷǿߣһȭҪī
ǿ쿴īȻӡ
ҲīͼҪɱīģôߡ
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שͷһģȻһֲĴɽӰɽа׸ߣɽһ㡣
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ʱ̧שͷֻɽ澹Ȼֻһ࣬īһжΪ˷顣
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۲ѣīôҲаҵҰɣɶûˡ
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һ㣬һ㡣İˮļ򣬺Ժ
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Ȼһשȥ˭ܵס
Ժⶫ˳֡
˳֣ʲôȻܼɽӰҿǽӹשֻоһשȻа⡭أѵķӡһɽɣ


1104 Ҫһݺ⣬
ʶש֮УǾˡ
ıˣ澹ȻĲһɽɽֹǷԲзԲ
ɽΡ׳ѹһС
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ңȻֻשٵһܣȫשǷԲĴɽȫ¶ʱǽ۾Ҫ·ߡ
ⶼʲôҲǼˡ
ܲһ·ϸԼʩչǸյ񼼣ûлʲôôջ
ѵǴ˵еɵɵ
Ǻˣڶ˼ٸԼʩչʲôǸˣⶫס
ֻҲ룬ЩҲ׳ѧԺʵԺǸǸʲô
úš
ǰѰשⶫʱ򣬾˵ģҲûбܡ
԰שԣ˭ܱʺӵשҲѹܼש¶Ŀ
˼ȥһֱӹ䵽Ҫʼʱ䡣
ڼ䣬һʮƷ
ǵɽȺȻǣ
߽Ʒ0/1
Ʒ0/10
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һңȻͨƷҲͼֵǧҰɣ볡ʸҪһ棬ǲ̫ˣ
˼ҪƷ٣ҾУҲǴ۵ģǺ˼ۣ͵Ʒ׼ҲҪʮңԲŶ볡ơ
Ǻðɣǰʵĵطˢһпʾ292ڡ
볡ˡһǵ֪ǲһˣΪóôңҪôһҪôǻ羳ߡ
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ˡ
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һۣˮ198ңԼ硣
ʱЩԺȻѾǸ˽ײˡ

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Աޡ
ʱСһԲ׵չ̨չ̨һŮӡ
˶ʶһ飬ҪʽʼˣһƷһɶ̫


1105 
ȻǴԤϵһ
Ůӳ֮󣬻ڵӭλĵǼԼʦţʽʼ
֪ҶģԸûκηϻ
˵ѾóһһصľӣһƷһλ벽ﾳߵѺһĽ׷Իˮ£Գֳһطһ֮ڷԼ֪ĸλ϶ģ㲻ɴķļһҡ
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Ժˮ֪95279ǵĺ룬Ҹոչ۲ˣʮ˶Ȥһֱȥ⾵ˮµļ۸ҪһңԺֱӺ۸һסˣʡ˲ҡ
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ᣬϵͳΪ
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ѹҲԣøʹãʲô۸񳬹һǧ棬ҳһǧҡ
ʥ׹汦а8521λǲ۲۵ױСȻϲ

һֱ죬ҲĳȥһǧƷ
ڼһٶΣһʮļƷ˶ʮҡ
źܿ죬ҪƷܴչˡ
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۸Ҳһ·֮ϣתѾһʮҡ
ɾƺŸոտʼΪ뾺۵˲ûԽԽ٣ԽԽˡ
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ˣ۸ܿﵽҡ
ʮӺ󣬴ﵽһǧңʱǷŻȴҲڻ


1106 Ƭ벻༶
գ򼶷ɴĳɽ۴ﵽһǧҡ
һôΪһҷɴҲ֪˭ôݳޡ
Ͼ򼶷ɴ˵вﾳߣҲҪﾳվа򼶷ɴˮ׼ҲܶԸ羳ߡЩĵˣ϶ҲΪ򼶷ɴ㹥˵˻һ򼶷ɴȥװơ
ǻ˵ʲôЩ˾Ǽǰӡ
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ڼ
ӡ֤ŵĻĶԽԽҲƷ濿ǰģԶǼʮڣڵ۸񣬶ʮƷʱֳһǧҵĶ
ЩǮװƣĺˡ
ҪһƬƬ֣ȻһеĽԪءƬ״ǲ²ƬӦһԴƬԴҪƷҲԴĵȼǶס˵ţչ̨Ѿһ鷺ںڹâĺɫƬ
ǶױԴƬ
ϧƬҪһױԴöá
˵ԴԼԣ޸˵еƬܻһױԴˡ
Ǻǣô׵飬˭֪ԴжٵƬ㼯벻ˣҲֻһƬ

ǿƬ˿ȴЩȻһнԪأһһƬ⡭
֮ǰɱѪʵʱ򣬴Ѫ͵õһƬ
˿̣ǻԶ϶ƬͬһƬ
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Ʒ汦а1010ıŻǿ֮Ҳܿٸԭ֮ҲǱıļһң
ʱĶˣһЩﾳߡ
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գĳɽ۸ﵽǧ߰ңҲǴ˴ĵƷ߼۸ˡ
ڶƷѩ罣ЯһֵĿռܣƷΪһױԴļһң
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ЩԴǾҪġ
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İҩ꣬ϵǰʮҩ˾ܳǮм
⻹ǵڶƷһƷֻʲô˶Ǻ
ûеҵθڣһгһɫĲӣһƷ༶׹߾磬ԳɾͲ࣬ļһǧҡӦҪ󣬴˴ҪԲҽˡ


1107 ۾
ŵĻ˶֡
ϵԴϵҩ󣬵Ļ͹
֪ϵӵв༶ҲǼС澺ʮʮ壬ԼʮĹ˾
Ҫǿ
˵仰ʱĸоնˣֻһ뷨ǾⱾ
Ĳҽˣòң˶ǴֲƲѾڳＯˡ
ңǸһĻҵλ
ҪڴϵڵĽˣ֮ϵ澧ȴҪˡ
֮ϣǾǲң涼ͨõĻҡ
˽⵽棬һ澧ԶһһңһȴԶһһڵ澧
ɴ˿֪һҵȼһҡ
Ϊʲô󣬾˵ⲻһ̺汾Դ֮ᾧǲõƷ
Ȼǣ浽˲࣬ⲻҵļֵͲˡ
ʱͣӵʱ䣬ǸȥǮ
ڣŲ̋Ŀʼİť
ǧң
һ˵ǧңǾǧڵңһˡ
ȻֻǸոտʼ˿ɲôš
ǧң
ǧң
һң
۸һ̲סһ
һңǾһң㹻һСϵʹˡ
ǮˣǮˣһҲҪΪǮˡǺ޺޵˵ԱߵҲѵõȻ֪һʲôҪǶͺ⣬϶ǳԵĵϵġ
۸Щ˶Ƿһ
һǧң
һǧң

ң
Ŷã۸ַһ
ңʮĹóҲҪۼꡣ
˲䡣
һ


򣡡
һεȵĸ߼ۣһЩ˵ڴ
۸ǶѧԺĲ༶óһݺݵ׬һʡ
ܿѹȥ뷨飬ͺˡ

һ



ʱ
ǧңûиߵģŵѯʵ
ģѾòĲˡһ棬ԿһĿӷŭ
༶Ҳֻʮְ벽༶Ĺһ棬һ˿ЦȻĶҪóĲңʵΪ
ң۾һĿ⿴ȥǵİλãһ˼ۣĿ֮ǰѾʮμۣЩɣһΰѼ۸ңӦҲļˣٸߣ
ҵǣ֮ûںˡ
ϲ1251ſˣⱾ༶ε˽ллҵĹ٣˵ţչ̨ȥ
ңǲ֪˵ʲôãƾЩ׵Ĳ飬Ҳһóô಻ңˣ߰ɣ
ȥʱμĿˡ
ˣû֪ԷĵʲôҲǺ棬
ε̫ˣǲСˮ̾
ȷʵУջܴ󡣡ЦЦջ˲ٶȻҲǷһƨծ
ʱ򣬺ȻһǿϢչ¶
ֻǵ̫գһ򼶷ɴبڷɴ棬վһʮаӡ
ֻǳһվΧΪĺҵյն졣
ǬԪѩ罣аʱ򻺻ڣΪһֱһ˶ȥ
ǬԪһѵǬԪĹƮѩͼǧˣĿ⿴ȥһͷϽڵӡ
ǬԪĹǬԪߡˮ֪ǬԪѧԺЩìܵģʱǸѡ
ǸɴϵأʱܶʮĹƣһˡ
ʶҲߡˮ
ӣʲôѩ罣Ҳ֪ǬԪ˵һ֣𱻽ɱ˿ռ֮С
֪ҿ˵ӭԼŮˣѩ罣Ҫ͸ЦϻˣóʦҲϲѩ罣
㡭ǬԪɫѿ
ߣѵҪʦҪɣӵǬԪӡ
۾ǬԪɫˣǲºǺӱǸˣǲ


1108 
۾ƺǶסˡ
羳֮Ϊߣﾳ֮Ϊߣླ֮Ϊ顣
ﾳͲླ֮ĽǱ˳֮Ϊ۾
۾ӽˣ۾ΪǽʲôǽǾԼԴһ磬ܻʡ
ϵǻǵһᵽ۾ƺ
ϵе۾ڵġ
Ҳ⣬ϵȻƶ񤣬ǵ۾Լ磬ϵԴֱӾܴռȡ
ʦҲʦŮʦõĽʦΪвɣЦѣ⻰˵ĺ޳ܣ˼ǬԪƾԼѩ罣ôͳʦõģǿ
۾ŮҪѽãˣȥТ۾ġǬԪһӣһѽ׸˺ӡ
ǬԪȻˡ
˿һĻﶼǸпǧ
ǬԪΪѽ˽ǧңֲһ۾ĳƺš
˿ǬԪϻЦ⣬һܹӣȴ֪ǬԪ϶ڵѪ
ʶࡣ
ӽӹѩ罣ɴֻɴ涴ʧˡ
ɴ档
ӣ۾ѩ罣ȥȴֱӴǬԪѽ᲻ᱻ۾һӳ
ƾԼıģʦΪʲôһЦҲˣǸǬԪԼų΢ֵǿӲһ㣬Ҿͻʽѽˡԣɹֲҡ߰ɣǵĿĴﵽˣǬԪô룬һôô뱨˵ûʵԸʦңҲû취Ը
˵еǬԪ͸ñ衣ӵ˵ͷ

ǿһĻĪĲһΣС
һӣʵǬԪֻƾһ۾ţǬԪ߹ԹԸףԼò׵õһһױԴһһ۾˵вԼԼô죬ʱʵô
̲סȭͷ۾ľ磬Աʵ
۾Դ磬вʱҲܰһСϵսԼС֮С
ǬԪͻƵ˽ǺʦĶ֣ӸǰôţȫһƳȻԼˣֱӵϵȥ

Ǹ˰ˮصǡ
ĽȻȻǵڻĹ֮ĺ򣬻˵ǡ
λ˵˾һЩҩǮ
ǰΪѧԺô൤ҩ۵СѾˣǸ׵׵⵰
׬ǮҲס
һƼǧŵҩȥЩɶǮ
һǾǴ˿ʮ꣬ǧŵҩͶǶƷҩŴչ˻ˮǮ

ԺѾڳƷɵˣƳɹɵ׷ҩˡ
ѧϰҩǧʱ䣬ꡣ
ţдԳտһ¡ѯʵ
õġ˵ͷ
ѧԺʲô鷢ʲôѯʵ
ѧԺûʲô飬ȴǷһ飬ڻֵķзġ룬ǲģΪѧԺԺǵıߣ϶Ȥ
ʲô飿
һҵķɴڽ֮ⱻūŶˣ˶ץȥˣһһʮˣȫΪū˵ţִһڲûνūƶȣǴūֻҪΪһЩ꣬Ҳ԰ūݡЩūҲҽץū˱ϡڽ֮ⱻץΪū๫񶼺ܷŭ
Ŷô˵
ȻҪ֤ÿȨ棬鱬ĵһʱͲūŵ˽棬ǶԷǿӲԷΪⲻڵ׽ūûʸҪȥǵԸ⻨ǮǵūʽЩ
ūʽȥɫ΢䣬ĻǾĳ衣
ǵģҪԼĹ񣬲ūĸ߼෴ЧøĲūһϡ
ûнһ̬ȣ
顢вԼ棬ʱûнһж
ôֻص˵ûн֮ǰʱʲô顢в棬Ƕһ٣ֱǡߵ˳ȥ


1109 
ӰһѾ
Ҫ̸ȴ
Ĵ棬Э飬Ա߻һǳ֡
ץĲūŽԻūţūó׹˾һ֧ūţǵĶ֧ūŶ֣Ҫūó׹˾ϵû˲֪ūó׹˾ﾳľͷ֧֣ǿԺԿµĵ
ūó׹˾ѧԺ֮ǰʹԺڰʱ򻹽ѵһūó׹˾ˣץǵˣ֪ɺϣⱨôⶼǱȻᷢ飬Щūó׹˾ץūɲĸˣʮ˶бץΪūġ񻺻ôҿԷ˼ƺˣȥûô
ʦ˵ˣҾһ仰ǵūó׹˾սѧԺܱܲס
Ĭˣƺ˼
棬һ˵һ˵ʧʧǿƿص棬ǵõѧԺıӣܷչ̶ȣһŲҲ̼ҷǲò¼
⻰˵ЩأȴҲʵ
ôĽ򣬼ϵԭʼ˿ڸǴﵽ˽ڣÿһ񶼱С
ʱš

¡ʦʦб䣬ԻūŸոͨǼʻȺһƵǵһ˽
ʲôƵֱѿڶ
Իūŵ˵ˣٲЩĹǾÿһɱһֱһʮȫɱΪֹ
ǾȻô
һӣѾǷΪūˣڰ
Ҫң
һһңһһǧڡ
ڵĹֵж٣һҪһңҪǶԷץǧˣƲˡ
һֺҪ󣬵ˣ᳹׵Ԩ֮С
ûһԵǣ˿Ҳܷŭʱȴյϵͳʾ
֧ϣչֵľĺʵҪԻūšһɷ츳ƬһŶ򿨡
ǿ֮󣬲²ǲϵͳˡ
ĽܲһɷܿһŲ༶Ĺ
츳ƬѧԺĿǰȱġ
һŶ򿨣ҲǺöһӸһţʵ̫ˬˡ
ΣʲôĿģε񶼱Ҫɡ
ūó׹˾ôȻˣǾսɣЦȻ߲εľͷҪƴҲǡߣǽ٣ò˶˵ܴﵽﾳʱ͸ûʲôֵηˡ
뵽ֱӴ˳񣺡£ǿǲ𣬵ūó׹˾ѧԺĵȥɣҪ¡
һ֪ǴѾ֪ôˡ
ʱ˿£վ£ոǵūó׹˾սѧԺܱܲסڿԿ϶ĸ㣬ѧԺûаʲôūó׹˾סȫʵ
Ļ¶ʱ˵ã²˳٣ھչӪļƻ

ǡ
ҵߣԶ
ԻӶţ񡣡
ˣֻҪܸЩ쵰ҪǮǮҪ˳ˣ
ҾһңֻΪϡ

ٴαȼˣϴγ飬ڴΪ׵İ˹컷Сϵ
һΣԵøӼҡ
ҪǾô꣬ĸˣĵػԸΪһС
ֻܵǿߡ
ʶɨĽ򣬵һɺƣԸڡ
ֻǿϧѧԺûʳ˵ĹȻǿԺú
ڵĽ֮⣬һ̹ľǣһֿԴ̴ǿյľľðǷ֣϶ľǱѾһˡ
ľڣﵹǳһЩūŵפء
Իūţפڴˡ


1110 
ū֮ڰһ֣ΪĲпᣬֺڰȴֱš
ľ̹ľǣפĲūһٶ
ЩССĲūű溣Ҫ̣溣ֻ·Ǯƣ˶Ź
Իūūó׹˾棬ģֻеȵĲūš
ԻūֽӵгԱӽǧˣΪߵĲū⾳Ž۷Ϊ
죬˽⵽ӵнڵĹ񣬶һʮĸˣ壬żġ˵Ϊǣôߵôһӳ׶ߣߡ
ԸŹ֣ǿһңūϰūӢЦѣɵˣȻ϶Щ˵ġһû֮УκһΪ˼ģΪֵá
˵ĶԣͼɶͷǺܶ
ͼɶȻǱǽڲ׽ūˣȻڰǰȡЩūó׹˾֮ڵĺϷӪȨⲻǶǵĲ·ôѾǵĵߣǵӺܲùȻҪһ档
ԭǻǵǻԼתĹزɡ
ǰھ̹ľЩūţ˭ǶԵҧгݣȶԸ춨һƬĵλӢصȻˣʵҲġ֪Ǳһĸôģ˵ǸѧԺһѵ
Ǵˣ
Ҳ˵ˣǴ̰Ǵ˵ĸ磬̰Ǵڰ屻ѧԺһλʦ裬ǴǾͽ̰Ǵ˱𡣡
ԭˣλõùʱֻܴʡ

ڶ죬ǱߵľԮûӢѾնɱһӰ񷢸˵
ڿ׷ײ̣Щر𼤽ľҪʻɴȥҪ˵Իūš
ϧǻû뿪ͱľˡ
ԻūʲôʵЩ嶯Ĺȥֻ
кܶǵˣǷ׷׾ϣܾȻ񣬲ɱԻūšжһڷ׷Ӧֻһʱ䣬˻ҾȻһڣĸ߲㶼һ
ʲôٴ󲿷˶ˡ
Ҫж¡
ʱʶˣūó׹˾ˣԻūˣһŽֻҪ֮гһǿߣǷǣ׸
Ϊִߣһжˣ˸ȻµеѧԺѧ
֪񵭵ȴЩ֪࣬ⲻһμ򵥵

ɴ뿪컷СϵΪжиû֪
Сʱ
ǰǾ̹ľˣǲūŵľۼأۼһٶūšԼѾ鿴̹ľǡ
š˵ͷڸûкõİ취ֱӽٰɣ
ãһݷɴӦ
̹ľǵϿգһƼɴˣҷɴӡŵı־
ϣ˶һ㶣Ȼ󾯽
ľӹˡ
ȥʲô˼ѵͻϮ̹ľǣҪ֪̹ľɲֹһԻūţ˵Ĳūţĵˡ
˼ǿȥɡ

ӢҲסˣתǴЦ֪ˣȻˣǮˡ
ӢصĻԻūŵ˶˷ܲѡ
ǿһҰһŪôңҪˡ
ˣʶ࣬𽻳Ӣش˷ܲѡ
𣿡ʱüͷʶɨ̹ľǣɫȻĿ㾹ȻѾǵĹȫɱˣġ
ȫɱˣӢһ±ƣô
졭˵϶˵ģǰе˸ˣȻƵһ췢һ˵ʡ¡Ӵ˿βѡ
С£Ӣش˿̺˵ģ˭뵽Ļ
Իūš𣡡ʱ򷢳һڵսʿ˿ҲѾŭڡ


1111 ǳ
⻰Ӣطŭޱȣһԣǿū˾Ĳūţô϶ᱻȫΪū
вǺεв
Ҳʵ
ūó׹˾ǿϵô棬вپΪǣȫΪū
ӢҪʧˣΪѧԺѧ
ѧԺô۸ġ
ҼȻҹ˺Իūű֮ʧ
ȫӢء
̹ľūţҲһвζ
޼ɵǰҪ¾ԻӶţǲԺҲ¾ǡ
һʱΣĸо
λūŵֵǣֹūóףǸϳǵĽڵ沶ūǶҪܡԺʲô·ô棿ԻӶǿԴǣԲŶʾ棬˭뵽ǾȻΪһٶֱɱǾ̹ľǣڸʲǣǣϾǵĻ·
Ӣش˿̴ܴ󣬴ʮ
̹ľǣеĲūŶ
ЩūΪֹūóףٶʧһЩ棬˿ֱӢ̼ʱԵ˺⡣
ūóףǲūǺϷġ
һūӴಶū߶Ǹźһʱ̹ľǶ
Ӣؿ棬Щ⡣
ôಶūţǵĸҿսǾҪЩūŵı
ɫ䣬ЦѣǵʲôˣԸʾ
մôಶūŷϰٸǶˣʵǺһִߵʱҲ
ȷʵ˵ͷüģƺܿյӣȻˣǾ͡
֪ϳˡִΪ뷨
ǰҺˣеĲūŶ˾ͺˡ˵ţ˻ֻ֣ԶĿռ֮кȻֳһƼɴ
Ƽɴ棬ҦܵȻ
ಶūŵ˶סˣΪܳһƼսѾǼˣ˭֪Ա߻Ǳһҡ
ʵϣƼսģѧԺģĿ
ѾȫɱǵĿѾΪȥ񱨳

Ҧܵһ£һž޴Ĺ˾̹ľǡ
貵ĹâǺӣֲʯԶɽռ䶼ǳѷ졣
̹ľ棬еĲūŶĿɿڴ
ǾȻȻô
һٶūó׹˾ս
ģƼսȫһ԰Ѿ̹ľըɼ룬Ƿˣǿߣ

һ죬̹ľˣķѡ
Ϊ飬緢Ļɽҽڷɴĺĵش֪ٲūڷ
Ӣ˴˿һڣʮǱֻǸոһӣԻūŰ˶ˡ
˭Ҧܹʱ򣬰ΪҪĿء
ӢôҲû뵽Ȼôѿھǵǵˣūó׹˾Źǵģūó׹˾ҲŹǵġ
롣ЦѣҦܣȥݻǵķɴҪκһԻūŵ뿪ȥӢصԴǾȲȥˣܰһԴȥ
ãҦܵ˵ͷûκ

ӰһӢء
ǳ书ΪѾﵽ⾳ס
Ϊǳ书ǿ󣬻羳֮£κ˶壬ҦܻҪǿ֡
ССļ񣬾ȻɱȥɣӢһѴ󵶣Դ˹ȥ
޴ĵ˺ա
ɾʱǳ书ת
ĵ棬һŴڶҫķ
Ŵƺ꣬ϵȼţÿʱÿ̶ͷų޴
ǳ书ĺǾ
ǳ
֮гһǿյĵӰǿյӰȻǣΧ
ֻЩ׷׷һ貵ĹâȻǳ֮
˶ǳֱۣ֮ӽסӢصĵӢҲǶá
ǡ򣿲ܣһ⾳׵ϣôסҡ
Ļ̫ˡ
һЦһֶֻռ䣬һժõӢ˵ͷ­
˿һĻ֣Ҳ̫̬˰ɣ
ҲʱպȻһǿһ˺ѿռǿС


1112 ǿ
ǣʵ壬̰һ
ǿľ̹ľǣʶһɨͿӢѾ촦
һȻԻūšȻԻūŲǹ˾һ͵ĲūţĲūǻ˲ǹ˾˾ٶɵҲ֪ǵзˡ
ӰһǳĶ档
ѧԺѧҲԣѧԺôˣ治֪ʲôʵҲòϣѧԺأûбҪǹ˾ҲԸѧԺѧԺǵ棬Ǿֻǵĵˡ
ԡ
˲ϵѪԴѾԤϣǣ¼Ļʹ
Ҳע⵽һĻ
Ǵˣ̫ˡһūǿ˾ǣѣǴˣȻͬʱôಶūųֱ֣һҪ
ǵ˵ͷ֪ôǽֹЩ˾ūóף¾ūţﵱһϵ飬һ
ɶ˼õģūó׹˾Ȼ˳թһô
ֻһס
ǺЦЩùĲūţǽֹͽֹˣɱɱˣǻǸһ෴ǲűһΪǣǵһʮǲܸһ˵һԻūţԺǻʧȥĲūš
ǿӲһ㣬˭ᡣ
Ѫǣʢˣ֪ĻΪǻ羳ء
ѧԺһﾳߣūó׹˾ݲǣҿǾ
͵ˣ˭ɾͲһˡ
˵ʲô
ǼȻūó׹˾Ĳūţûǹǵı
ѪһЩԲ׼ˡ
ѵѧԺиǿĴڣ
ѧԺأҲѧԺǵڶѧԺĵϸ
Ѫ֪һ㣬ǺѧԺԵģûкùӳԡ
񿴵Ѫӣ֪ԼѾס˶Է
ѧԺûô򵥣ǲǵˣȴҪðǣǾҪóܳŭ׼ȥ㱳ˣѧԺǲ𡣵Ҳǲ𣡡
ǲ
ǲô
Ѫǿ˿񣬷ǲ𣬲Ȱһץȥʱ϶ܿʳĶ
㿴֪ܶණһ˰ɣ
ץѧԺѧ
ɾʱһߴѪһ
һεĽѪǵֱը羳׵ѪǸ޷ֱֻۻΪһѪĭ
˭˭
Ѫǵ˵ӰûпҪһֱۣǴȫ֣ǻʲô

ȴռ䶼ǲ
Ѫŵĺ˼ʮﻹҼȥ˺ѿռˡ

֮Уĳ
ˣǵʵ
ţˣҿǱ̽̽ġ룬Ѫ˺ѿռʱԿռǱһϢҲǰ벽ﾳ
ùǣūó׹˾Բ׼ǵĵϸҶǶ֡Ϊε飬Ѿǳ׽ֻҪҵʵĻᣬԻһǷôĶɢȥԽԶԽá
Ϊʲô
ɢūó׹˾ֻ޿֣ûһǡȻūó׹˾֪˶ˣɢȥЩø֪飬ūó׹˾ĵ˵ע⣬ūó׹˾һЩ˼ɡ
ôδ
ѧԺԱ֤ڵİȫ
ˣԺı
Ǿȥɣ

죬ʹˡ
棬ȫλڴ飬ֻҪڵĽ򣬾Ͳ᲻֪顣
ȥĹ˻Է˰ʽ
ԻūӢصʬףȴ
ڶ죬飬Լԣ֮ڣ֮⣬κθץΪūūó׹˾ǵĵˡȫϵÿȨ棬֤ÿİȫ
⻰һǷˣ˸оŨŨԺ
ôǿӲ
ʱǣȴȡˡ


1113 ͥ˳
εϵͳ񣬴ӿʼʱ̣ܶڸͽĽܲ
츳ƬͲ˵ˣǸѧʹõġ
һŶҲһøѧһЩɷ
еľһõɷˣܸǴϲģ˵ͻʲôĹ
ϵͳõɷ
ǵһŽɫʥֻּʥּд֡
ͥ
ǺǾȣΪϸ˵Ⲣһһңˣˡˡˣ˳ˢҵϣγƿҵ֮ʹ֮ӣеķš
ʥּ
ͷһ䣺۹ˡ۵ˡˣˣӭ꣡
ͷڶ䣺쳯ҵԹˡˡˣ˾۶ҵϣɾҵλ
𾪲ѣͥżֱרΪڵĵġ
ȥݸǴ۽磬ΪһĴš
ͨƪ꣬ͥŹǲ⡣̺ĵ档ǻӦǳС˵ķţС˵е˹ɽô˷˳⳼ӣԸ츳ɾŹȥЩһѧܴ󡣡
츳ֻҪþۼˣȫԼӿٶȡ
ѯϵͳҲȷʵ
֮ͥⷨʵʩһЩģʲôʳ۳쳯˵ǲˡ
֮УҲеȼֵġ
УһС͵ԻõͬǼ츳ٶȡһһ͵ԻõͬںǼ츳ٶȡٽһһ͵Իõͬϵ츳ٶȡ
ܳһϵĳԻõͬ츳ٶȡ
Ȼǳ󣬳ΪްͣϵǹԻõͬ漶ٶȡ
ģ볤֮еһ
˼ԼٶȣĳҲܻòȵٶ
ñȹܻ츳ٶȣһĳǾܻϵٶȣһĳǾܻúǼٶȡƣĳǶܻһٶȼӳɡ
Ǳ̬ǲò̾
֮ͥнٶȵķţ֮нûгֹǵõţһʱҲԵΪء
˼һ£ⷨŻҪʵС
ѧǵǰܿѡһˣǾ¹֮Ǭѧ
ңڻһλԱܿܳΪһ¡
ʱѾһ뷨ƶΪһλ£ʱͥķѵΪ˳е඼棬ѧԺҲ档
ַһĻʱ䣬ֻвʮꡣ
бҪһˡ
Ӱһ¹磬ĿǰΪֹȻûֹͣ¹ĸ졣
Ļĵ۹ǵһ۹ǿޱȡ
۹Ԫףһ壬ΪѾٹܵ۹תˡ
ûнʱͻӰɣ
ڽͷֻŮ˵·ϷɱӻɵķɻԼһٶĴá
һĻĻȫǴʱ֮ǰĵ
סĹˡ
Ȼʿأ˿ЩʿȴҲˡ
˧磬ܸĸôһʱУñŮסǣӣӦûһѧ
ȻԣԸΪŮЧ͡΢΢һЦӹŮȻһŮܵ˹ſĵ档
΢΢һЦ¿ţʮš
лл㣬˧硣
ŮĵƬƺ⣬Цܿˡ
Ȥ
ЦЦȻ˵ոյʱλŮһͼ
תŹȥſڵûпһֱȥˡ
棬һִİ칫ǰļ
Ȼˣﵹǳ칫ĳļǵոݵĽļɣҵʱ򣬻һ
ǵ˵ţ档
ˣæѧԺ
ЦЦôˣҿһֱæĵ۹飬Ϊ˲٣һͬѧѧеľûгΪ羳ߣѾ羳֮޵У㵽ھȻɾ綼ûдﵽҲ˼̫ˡ
ЩΣˣѧԺ̵
ǿ΢΢һЦĵҲѧԺûѧΨһʹմߵҲˣ֪־ڴˣǳΪִߣҲֻǵ뱣ѣѧԺҲֻԼһҵ
õǵĿ϶ЩܳԺСʱһ࣬˲ԣʷʵܣΪʲô֮ġľˣҲľˣǾͻиᣬԼܵĳ֮Уһ³ѧԺ¹ҵʱʹ⣬ĻĸתҾͲȥˡ
΢΢һЦ֪¶Ȼ׷ѧԺȻȫ֧㡣ҾǴʵҲǺǰ;ģʵҲһҿһʱ䣬һ¾ѡھ֮󣬵ʱϣܳΪһ¡
ңһ£
Ȼһ
ϾϣǸҲɡ
Ժϵĵһ£аճΪ£ڶȴϣô˵أ⣬Ȼûеѡڣ˽ʵ϶һ£Ѿ˼ˣֻһѡˡ
ʵʵ֪ࡣ
ô˵ֻҪȡҾûǺϣģϾʱ仹о꣬ܲǵ˵ҲˣѧԺ»õһַţֽͥ԰ѵһ˳ܳΪ˳Ŀߣֻһ£ԺҲԴԴϵٶȼӳɡ
ķţ𾪲ѣڱ񵢸飬ٶȺзֲϵĶ̰壬Ƕĺֵȡ
ǵģһԶͶʣֻҪܰѵΪ˳ٶȻԽԽ졣ȷ˵һܻ漶ٶȣ˳Ŀߣȫһֱ򼶵ٶȡǿ϶ޱȵ˵
֪ˡðһ⣬Ȼˣһ£һᾡȫȡ
áǵ˵ͷͥݣھͽˣĻĵ۹ʵ飬ǳɹˣǻòǼٶȣSٶȿ϶⡣
лԺܸж֪
лɲѵģǰȼ֣ͥôҲһֲ༶ķţϻǧ㡣

ЦãȻҪ㣬ɲҦܺЩҲ٣㶼ò
֪òô㣬͵Ǵģ󿪴˳ҲΪѧԺ˾޴Ĺףʱǧ㻹еġ
ǻãã
Ȼ˵ǴôȻҪϢģɵϢɣ
˵ʲôԺ·Ҳ̫ˣˡ
úøɣҿ㡣
˵һ䣬Ǿ뿪¹硣

¹磬º
ɹѻĵ۹Ϊ˳ֻǿϧһС֮У˳ޡ
˳ո۳͵ʱ򣬻ĵ۹ܰԸע£ȻɹͻƵ˵ɾ硣
õ˴ĺôľˣ˳Ȼкô
ǻҪ뷨뵽֮еλ棬С磬Щط˳Ǿۼ֪֮ٶʲôز
һò˵ƺҵƵķš
ַյĲ𣬶ȵˡ
ҲʱϵͳҲǷ
֧ʮ֮ڰѵΪ˳ҪޡһžǼ￨ƣ츳ƬһƷķ
ܲɾҪˡ
ĽܲһžǼ￨ƣǾһλ羳ʦ
츳ƬⶫǶٶӶࡣ
һƷķǾһһױԴ
ڴǵ棬ѩ罣ôң⻹Ƿѩ罣ıֵҪѩ罣ʮٱ


1114 ҵ޳ܴ
ȻϵͳҲǽϲ֧˽϶ṩһЩԴ
ҲΪһºܺʡ
ڵĵȻ˵һƬĽ򣬵ʵǸոս棬ʱҪһг徢쵼˲С
ȻһֱĶΪȱѧԺȫʶȴǱ˲١
ñ֮ǰԻū¼£϶һʱȥӪȣȴ뵽ǱõѧԺ֧֣ȻŸô

һʱ䣬ѧԺǵ뵽ԱȽƽ͵һʱڡ
Ψһĵūó׹˾ıûȵūó׹˾һǸ棬ūó׹˾ܾڹһƸԻūţ˵Իūŵ˽Ϊūó׹˾ֱӹϵ
ܸԼ̨£˭ҪˣǾԴˡ
ūó׹˾ȴò˶ѧԺ˾ηһʱѧԺ˴ϵ
ūó׹˾ˣЩūó׹˾ҲֻϵùﻹѧԺ鷳

֮⣬עĻ磬ԺרôˣѧǵĹȻûɡ
ҲǼ˹ˣ⻹ѧԺʷϵһγ顣
Ŀǰ磬ʣµѧһĭһû뵽Ǻ֮ƾ
֮Уĭֱ
ʮǰʼһֱѰһǱصѧһֱûջ
ǰʱһֵ֣ɢҫ۵Ľ⣬˵ĺ棬˻ΪԶ֡
ĭȴ֪ǸʲôԶ֣ǵѾʹòӢġ
Ӣķ˼ǣĭƾһûб̭ѧҳǻۻҶĶ֡ҲԶô˰ɣҪ޳ܣҲҪҲᣬֻҪѴ˴ɵĽָ߳ɣҾԸ˳
ƾԣĭʱڵˡ
ƴƴɱûһ٣Ҳ߰ʮˣȴҪƾժӣ⿪ʲôЦаһһѰƾټ꣬˵ҵƾˣһƵĶûҵ
ĭЩйˣҲȫƾĥûƢˡ
Ǽȥ֪ҪҼ꣬߾ƾ˵ģԶҲ
Ͼ̫ˣҵһأû¶ʵĿˣڴ룬˵Ρ
ĭ˼һ£ҹдһӢģƾƤܺҲ㣬꣬Ȼûҵ㡣Ҳ˷ʱˣ˷ѵʱ䣬Ҳҵġ߳ͱˣɣϾʲôû
֣˵ĺ档
ĭ˿̻ǻһ۵ģ֪ƾȻȻƻ飬϶עƾظʱͰƾץš˼죬ƾڶӢģƾĻظ
ɣؤأµʱ㣬ңҾͦģ˵ͻƸʲôġ֮һ仰Һĵ𣬶ƾŵԼǰɿԴ򷢵ġ˵ͦίģҾ㣬ֻҪɾˡ
ظֱҪ졣
ĭΪƾ˵߳Цڿһġ
˿ĭǻ۶ûˣΪһ䲻Ҫļһûǻۡ
ˤ˼ʮ֮ĭҧҧظƾֻһ仰ƾҼ޳ܵˡ
ܿ죬ƾϺдһ仰ǵģҾҵ޳ܴ㡣
ǸǲΪܷΪ١
㻹ô죬ô졣
ĭ侲֪Ҫƾ̸ллҺúһΣһҪл㡣Ҫɣǻ̭ءҳΪʤߣ󲿷ֵĽȥˣĭǸˡɣɣ㰮ҪҪ
ƾ˻ָ˵ģռ˶ƵģҲǺ˵ˣҲʵôҺҲǺֵˣŮѣ۸ȷʵЩ˼ǣʹ⣬ֳɡôǲǺܸˣã
ĭɱ˵ĶˣˣܸŹ֡
ǳԿһôռƾıˣ˭ȥ˵ȥ
ʱĭҲ²µƾĵߣԼĻظƾĭϵù˴һĽҿԸĳɡ㻹Ը⣬Ǿţʮꡢһ껹һǧܻ꣬¶˿ģбҵһ졣ʱʲô䵽
ĳɣĭܸȥļޡ
ظƾȻЩ⣬ĭдѪˣٲʶȤܿˮһա
ĳɾĳɰɣ
ô꣬еջˡ
ϣֱǩԼ
ѧԺѧ㽻ףǩԼķʽѧԺǱģԼΪ˷ֹѧǷ㲻õģò˵ܳ
Լɣһг˶֡
ƾԼԼ˳磬ûеġ
ϾΪѧԺѧ޳ʲôĶû⣬ǲãǿҪѧԺġ
棬ƾСˣܻܲġ
֮һӰӰĭ
ƾðһž˹ȥͬʱдȵ޳ܵļһȥɣ
һ߹ȥ˵ƾûзУҲ㲻ˤһʺ
æƾƨɣٺһЦҵ˭ԭǵð˵ôˣո磬ǲǺͦôôһ˵ͷˡҸ˵ĲˣСȥС档
ĭؿ˾һըҩͰȥҵС棬㵹ȥ޳ܵļһҪ֪飬϶ȡ
⻰˵ĺܰʱʮѧԺѧ
ǿĭƾ¶𾪵ɫƾ׶ĭʲôް
ĭǻۣ˿ҲЩæң
ƾ뵽һ֮ȴɫһ䣬ŭȵã˵ҶʲôҲܺ߰ɣݺң潻ڲ壬Ϊ飬ߣˣ
˵꣬ԥת뿪תȴ¶ޱЦݡ
ĭˣʱһʶˣ޷޳֮˵֣ȻһԼ޳ܴ㡣
ƾҵţ
˵ҪôСĶ̥
ƾͷһ䣬ٴξɱĭ޳ܵľϣѾ˦ĭһ͡
ʮѧĭţѵĭ˲ɣԽԽˡ
ǻʲôϿô
ĭʮŵļæ뿪ܿϢʹѧԺ컹ѧԺְͷ
ĭֱ
ĭдһ˵ĴֱѧԺĹ档
ĭ뷨ܼ򵥣ʵ˵飬ͬʱôƾɹ
ߣλôѧԺ졣
ĭ˯һþˣȻĵһǷԼʶʼ̸ʲôǲǶַƾ
ѧԺһͤ棬һ꼶ѧ˿̹Ȼ顣
Ҳǹ˰ɣƾ̫ţˣȻַʽĭĳɵһѧڵһľ塣
ǰ˭ͷƾʶˣԭʵǻ۲޳աֻҪǳַԼĳѽڲٶˣ˭ǵĶ֡Ҳٴӡ֤Ǿ仰˲Ҫ޵Сһѧͬ
ĭ˻Դô£ѵ𴲵ķʽԡ
һ·ȥָûַƾ˰ż
֪ˣѧԺЩ׵ѧУ࣬ѧǰǼˣ󲿷ѧĳɼΡѧϮѧԺѧڴ֣ԲѧҲ൱ǵϮԣƾĳɵ㣬ǶںѧǲѧֻĸǾϲּ
ĭǻˣھǺڶˡ
ʱʶƾƾȻʮ˳ס
ƾĭ߳䣬޵ֱ
ԭǵðɣҲ⡣ƾںĭŮᣬģȻ˵ãбҪһµã죬ѧԺ͸÷ˣҵĳɡ
ģˡĭһƾ޳ȴȻЩˣƾ˵ģʱ޳Ҳһʵ


1115 һ
Χ۵ѧ̲סҪ666ˡ
ҵϥǡһѧֱӳƾĤ֮ԱٵѧȻЩƾЩصƾʮذ꣬ѵⲻĸôңƾûΥκεĹ˼ҵ֮
ƾˣ̺֮ĳƺֶ֮һ޳֮ĳƺš
ѧԺ޳ϵڶû˸ϵһ
ڶ죬ѧԺۺʵȫϵͳ˹ˣȻȷġ
ǶҲѾȫֲˡ
˴磬һߴ13000㣬ĭģĳƾġ
ĭ7800㣬ƾ5200㡣
ѧı֣Ҳһ㣬ǵٵÿˣ󲿷ѧǼʮ㣬ҲǼ㣬ǧҲˡ
ĭ֮󣬲鿴һԼѾﵽ9600㣬400û
ĭԥѡ˶һ
ƷͿõģһɷһ֮ǰķˮ¡
ļ۸ܸߣﵽ4000㡣
ˮµļ۸Ȼ˵㣬Ҳﵽ2000㡣
ĭΪʲôһΪ֪Լ壬ʺԼĵ·ӦơݺıҲǸɫƺı滹ã棬ȴԶԶݡֱָ汾Դתȫգɾ鶼ڻ¡
ھˮһܲĽ׸Ը϶ҲҪ¡
ĭ6000㣬ʣµֻ3600ˡ
˼һ£ĭ֪Լ϶ûãҪתԴУǼһ
ʱһ츳ƬֱӶһ飬ǻ2000㡣
ʣ1600㣬ĭֶһһõԭףһԭƻ800㡣
ʣµ800㣬һһŶ򿨣Լ
ˣе㶼ˡ
ò˵׬ѣǻȴǿúܣΪĭҪ㡣
ͬʱƾҲڶһλ5200㣬еҲֻ6300㡣
⻹ƾ˰ĽЩ꼶ѧֻ١
λô㣬ȴкܶҪʵֵ뷨
̫Ҫˣ츳ҪҪҪ͵ҩһ㲻Ҫ㡣
ȶһ
ƾ˿ġֱӾųˣܶһǰĹĹҲһֱܿزۡȻġǳ䡷֪⹦Ҳˣһ֮󣬻ûһˡ
һ£ƾǷˡ
ΪǶһˡǳ䡷ǲܵõһЩԴҲ޷ţ⹦Ϊߡ
ȻˡŹĿǰҲֻҦǿʺϴ󲿷ѧ
ֻǿϧƾԼ˼Ƿˡ
Ϊ⡶ʵ̫⹦֣ʲôˣʲôˣ޳ܵԸռ磬Ϲˡ
˵Źۼ䲻ϡ
ȥֱӹҲֻĭŻѡġ
ţƾ۾һˣݽ˵⹦ýŲƣɱΣ͵Ϯ񼶷š⹦Ժ󵱸ͷ͵Ϯʲôˣˬˡ⻹ʦĹİɣʦһŹġ
֪ƾYY᲻ɱ˵ĳ嶯
ݽǶôĽôͱ͵Ϯ˵񼶷ţֻ˵Źһˡ
һݽѵ㲻ֻ࣬2600㣬ƾȻʣ3700㡣
ˣҪȻͱ츳ˡ
ԥģƾһ츳Ƭ
ʣµ700㣬Ҳûмţĭһһ˱ߵƷ

ڶ죬ѧԺһĵط
ĭһĶһ¡
ƾһĶһ¡
Ա˵ͬʱҲǹɺϵġ
˿ƾЩǰֻЩһ֣ԻûиоԼжӣЩ㻻˶֪Լ״ĭ˶ٶ
ĭƾ䳰ȷ㣬㻨Ŀ


1116 ϵ
ƾüͷϳ˷ŭ֮ɫԽĭּȴܲ
ĭҲƾɫԣЩ֣һƤͦôڿ䣬¶顣
ƾĬ˺ܾãһȻ̧ͷĭһһĭ֪㿴ңˣҸûʸЩ㡣ô΢ݣҲǿҲ볤ࡣûǻۣҲûѧ츳ֻһֻóЩЩӽԴôָ߸ϵ޷ôҸ㣬κҪ츳ĶҲ޷Щ츳õѧҪǿΪ˵׸ʲôŬ
ĭƾȻסˡ
һ̵ƾǱһӣ¶飬ܷ񲣬֮ǰƾһҲȫˡ
ҡ
ĭ˿̲֪˵ʲôãԼƾҪƾǸ
ƾȴǴĭ˵ˣ֪㿴ң⣬һ죬һĿ࿴ģҪ֪ҰٺҲд죬ʮӶʮء
˵꣬ƾ˦뿪Ǹҡ
ĭһβѣǻ϶Ͳˡ
˿̵ƾһŭӣȴֿ˻ĭĭŮҲҪҵ·Ҫ֪ƾɲ޳ܣһ˰ѧԺһƵĳƺſɲǰģһ˰磬Ʋ㡣
ԱߵĻ棬ͷעһˣ̲ס¶һεЦݡ
һǻۿܲĭȴĭԵˡ
ȻʮУг״Ԫĭ˶Լĺ⣬ҷĭÿǷԼƾҲǸ˲ˡǺйνҶҪƭˡҲãĭһ·̫˳ˣԿǸǲ֪ɶʱ׹
˵ţ˶һ棬ȡԼһһԭȻҴ뿪ˡ
ŲȥĭƾںЩֻҪԼ֪УνŮ˺Ƶһһ㶵ģҲͦ˼ġ
ֻǣô

һЩ֮ƾĭȻҪʹЩ
ȵȻ츳ƬⶫʺϱʹãϾ츳ˣԽĹкô
ĭźǼ츳츳Ƭ츳ܿܰ츳ϵ
һ츳Ƭܿ챻ϣ츳ûг
ڶ츳Ƭʹ꣬ĭѾоЩһˣƺҪһ
츳Ƭʹ꣬ĭһͨĹؿȫоһˣǰԵࡣ
ϵ츳ô
ĭţϲʤһ޴
ǼҦ֮ѧԺĵڶϵѧˣȻûйעһȴҲ֮С
ͬʱƾΪǰѾ츳Ǽ˿ʹ츳Ƭ츳ﵽ˺ǼΪѧԺ츳ǰһȺѧ
Ǽ츳ˣҾһѧľֽһ
ƾ츳֮󣬾һеŬûа׷ѣȫֵõġ
츳֮˿ʼ򹦷ǵ֮顣

ѧԺĳһһֱڽˡ
ϧˣûͻƵ羳Žףһ·ͻƵ̫ˡϾ漶츳Ҳ̫졣ǻ۾˽羳ÿһ׵ͻƶҪٰ꣬⾳羳˽۷嶼ûðꡣ
ٶҲҪһתӦҲıˡ
Ժһʱ䣬ѧĹ񣬶һѧ츳ϵϵͳ
ţʾʱ״̬ѹѡǵ˵ͷȻѧĹˣĽҲ÷ˣҿʲô
һƷֱžǼ￨ƣʮԼ츳Ƭϵͳ
ʮԼ츳ƬȲøңⶫԺֱӽѧԺУžǼ￨Ƹҡ룬ѾſƣѧԺҪɽʦ
ǵһſƣǻһŴӣź۵ӡ
ǿ˿²˭Ƶı棬ȴǰһ
Ȼһλظй١


1117 պʹй
ٿλйٵĽܣƺҲͬ
й١
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޼ɵʹùʣдԪĶȻǲˡ
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ȻйʺҲܴκˣʹƷкܴϵʹߵΪ̫Ϊ޷ܰѶԷдֹ֮ԸдԷ֡
ܽ⹴ʺõĶֻֻҪд¶Է֣һһ׼
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ǷƱ棬Ȼ²һǳա
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ʵ߼̬ͨ
ӵѧ˲ƶȭȭԪȡ
ӵɷꡣ
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ϵһ״̬Ѿǳ̬ʮսǾ˵ֻҪһ״̬൱ʮ羳߽ߵĵӡǼ˵Ľ׶ΣʱжȫҪյտĽడ
ǳˣս֮Уܷ趨ģǾǴ˼޷ˡԽսļǰԽһ󾳽սһӣҪǣվǲԺȨȵļӳɣҲԽһ󾳽ս
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1118 ΪʲôԽս
ӵеѧǿ˿Ǽ֣²ȼӦöܵ͡
ϵͳΪѧԺҲû˿
պһս񣬵ʦʣ˵֣ǲ˾á
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һڶʱԼսʮѧܿѾƵϲ༶ˡ
ܿ죬ڽȭϢѾעǵԺ֮Уӵ漶ԣڽյͬʱѾȫ˽ȭİ塣
ȭǿһּޱǿ
ԭ֮У糡⣬ֵĽȭֻ20սϵͳĽȭȴǴﵽ54ս
ƿֲ
ʵ淨תڲƼ޷޶£Ҳͷӳ108սȭ߷ӳ54սѾ漫޵һ롣
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ĬĬһ£ȿ˱ģʽΪﵽﾳ߽ףʩչȭʵܺﾳŽ׵һսˡ
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ȻҲԽսǾ㾡ȫʹԼţƵɷҲܷӳ50սǿܴﵽﾳһսʵ
ʵѾˡ
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ʵҲ֮еȼݣǸĹǿ
ñһǾ4Ĺﵽν4ս
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36ϹѾ֮Ϊ༶֣ȭȫϲ༶ˡ
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ͬһ磬ͨ״̬µĹʹʱĹӳɣһ˵ʵʵ
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ǵѪֱſ棬λʦͳˡ
ֻˣ½йԵúϣȴԵúܺ棬Ĵš
ԺͷѯʵĻû˵꣬ӾͲĽ
ǵġǵ˵ͷǵ֮УվһͰѧԺʻǱ
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ţԺǾѧԺʦҲ˷㣬ʦҲˣҾȴȥʳòͰɣ
̫ˣԳԷˡ˷ޱȣһԾܸߣҪ컨Ľࡣ

˵ʳãǰԼľͲͿˣˢȥˡ
ܿ죬ǾͿձż׷Լһĺˡ
ȥ
һ⻹ǷͰ
½й٣Ȼǰ֮ˣȴǶжӣֱҪ˺üϡ
Ȼǵĵ绰˪ġ
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ǿ˪ı󣬾Ȼһ򣬿Ҫеһٱ󣬶浽Ƽս
ϵʮԳոһᣬʮ˼Ʒ֮ǰĵģѾչһټڷɴϴţϾҪص˪˵ţƷʵǸ
ϲţ̫ˡ
˪Щģ㻹ڵôһȥҪҳԷ³
ҾܾǵȻˣ쾭ģɣ
˪˵ͷţɴҪпռԾˣ
Ǿú㣺ʱ·СġŶôôգ
˪һƺû뵽ǻȣǸƵźžʧˣӦ˪ѾԾĿռ涴
תЩˣƷѾѼˣͲ˷ʱˡ
ǺȻһʳǱߴЩɵˡ

ǿ˿ǱߵˣԼ򴩵ʳǽڣЩ


1119 ա
ֻ˿̣ջ࿴ţҩζʮ㡣
ʳǽڣһȭģǿһվţƺҲ
ʳõҶۺܼ⣬ѾǣԺѧԺʦ̫ˣʳöˣҪΪʳ
ǺǺǣҲ˵ôѧԺԻԻˣȻϲԺ⣬һҪǳԵģѧԺȱ㶫
ҶоԼԩԺˣÿ춼ǧ⣬βΪ⣬ΪһλǸġʦɣרʹˡ
Ƕʱһڣ⵽׶ʲôʦ
ϴΪһݺһܣξȻףȻΪһλ
ǱߣԥһµҪսң
ս񣬴˿̺ԥĵ˵ͷԣҾҪս㡣
԰ףҲֱ̫ˣΪһλսô
һԸʹﺰ666͵ſѵˡ
սķʽʼˣǻ˵ʲôͲȥϾҪΪѧԺˣպúýˡ
һȭ
һȭȭͷɫĹâգЯռ壬Ҫ˺Ƭ
ѧʼ׷óֻ¼⾪˵սǱѧԺҲȫԱˡ

պη壬۳һ˶ϤƣһǺ˳ȥ
ǹһ֣˶±ˡ
ˣ
ȥգ
ˣŰѧԺʦմսѧԺʳϿա

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ȫһȭ˶һ¡
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⻰Щ⣺ѧϰҵȭȻԣԹС
ʱԥĵ˵ͷð䣬ôֻܱĹ
ȻջǸգ֪̫ǿˡ
ʱЩ⣬ͷʵܼˣÿ100¸Գţ100100ף10ܣȻˡ
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죺˵ʵ
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˻ԴЩ⣬˵ʵǲôôͺˡ
ʱ˿ԽսˣҪ㡣
˵ʲôûʶΣյ١
װơӵΪĻѣϵվߡ
ˣʱͺȵֻͷüëȫΪɫȼ˽ɫ
ѧ˿̶̲ס˾
ܱ
˵ĵһ׶Σʮս
̫ţˣ¼ϷУȥ

ȭ
գٴγһȭ˹ȥ
ɵˣֻͨһȭȴһ̩ɽѹĸо
޷֮Ȼͱ˳ȥ
ٹٴαɳȥǰһȭȫûˣʵȫѹơ
ֻǳһ״̬գʵʵѾԪһ
ԲۣȻ۸Сܡ
񿴲ȥˣվǹ˹ȥ͵һץԼ硣
ͷָһ㣬һⲨȥСͱˡ

ٴδǸֵʽһ޴Ԫȥα˵ˣ񶼱Ĳټˡ
ʦѧ˿̶ɵˡ
Ҳ̫ǿˣȫǿĲ񻰣ܺﾳһս񣬸ڱŰ


1120 
˺óһʱ䣬ŴԶ˹
ڵˣǱ񣬻ͷģҲ֪ոˤ䵽
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Ҹϵɷʦάһ£þʹĹۡ˵֮ת뿪ˣҪȥ˪ûչѧԺ顣

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ʱ룬Ѿף˳ķſ϶ѧԺֻѧԺѳΪ˳ĺôѧԺѧѡ

嫵ǿ֮УһսƯ
ս棬ӡϹӵĴ֣ΪԣΪ
ϵĵĴ壬ϵԵشı壬Աߵϵ
˿̵ս棬ʮ˸ˣΪ׵һŮӺȻŻ羳Ž۷Ϊ
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˶סˡ
۾ĴУ˭ܵõȻܻþ޴ĺô


1121 ɱ֣װ
ٱ˶Ķˣһ۾ĴУǿζޱӴԴ
֮кųӶ壬ղصĶ϶١
¼˿һܷǼܴ󡣲۾Ѿ趨СתߣΪܳ⾳ȥУܣǻҪ⾳ˡ
ĸ߲㶼ǵ˵ͷһ۾С磬ȫ趨Сת
Υ˹ӲС磬ҲֻСһ
ǸȥĳĸʴҲ⾳ʵһӸǲ⾳׵ʵǲһЩڵŽȥһץסҾǵǸĸʼĴУǵ˾ǽȥˣҲ޷áһλϵĵ
λ۾ԼĴиλĸʣͲǵҲʸȥҲ²⣬λ۾ӦѡһĴߣڳĴ棬ĸԼʱ򣬻Լһ۳ɴоʯȻںϣѶԷתΪµĳĸʡԣûȥĳĸʣ۾Ҳа취деģֻ˵ԷϣҲʸѡ
¼Ⱥ飬һ͵еĹؼ
ò˵˵ĺеλ۾봫иȥĳĸʣȫöһ١
ҳĴУҲǷҪи壬κֻҪںĸʾʯܳΪµĳĸʡ
Ȼˣǿȥ֯ˡ
ţһҪ죬һ͸¶ȥǾͲˡ
Ǳ⾳߹ʮֻҪһܻó۾ĴУԺͺܿܵһλ۾

۾С硣
۾һ֮ԴȶС磬趨СĹ򣬶һλ۾ˣҲȻȥͺڵЩСֻ࣬ҪСͻԶڡ
磬ްطǱһЩΣա
磬Ҳ˻
СһĽ棬ˣһǶ˳ĸʵ棬һ졣
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뿪֮ʵûоĹ򣬶ǳ෴ķǰУڼΣļ籩Ǳըȣ󶼻Ϊˡ뿪ǧĵطһռ֮кټʱ涴ٳֵʱȻѾ뿪ϵϵϵݶºϵ
ǵķɴ˱٣ͨѶ豸ҲˣԴҲʧȥ˺ѧԺϵ
˲ûлţǿʼϵǱȻΪðߣʼϵͽ
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ΪϵĽط˵ӣҲʱΪһðѣɱ˱ӵܡ
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Ҳ֮Уĳĸ֮¶ˣһĸζʲôūúԺܻÿϵʮսֱӾ˱ĸ߲㡣
山¼Ϊ¸ֱӳսҲǿ˳
ҲʱӦһϤϢǳĸеϢĸʿʱϢǸӦط
˳Ϣ췢˵۾еС磬Ȼ󴥷еĴС
ڣڱţҲȫΪ֮
ǵֻһȺӵܽ϶ǳʲô⡣컺ڵԵó࣬Ҳ˸֮ɫ˿һִǽתǹصӰƺһͣ۵ʵ塣
ץһӵܹʾ֪ˡ˼һ£Ȼȴ͵վ淢һսʿ
Ŷʵô
׸ߵȡ
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ϸһȻһѽɫ̵Ȼһԭ
춼סˣ̲סͬʱѿڶɱ֣װ


1122 f۾
ǰһĻʵ̫ˣ涼ǻ˺һġ
ʱһڵ棬ոһɱ׳սʿʱԺ֮лһʾ
һѯʵʲôʾ
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ĸʣ첻ˣǳĸʣһλĸµĴУֱӴиͺˣΪʲôҽҾȻ˴л֣⵽ʲô˼
Ͳ֪ˣĸʵĴк⣬ܶʱͨͬСĸһֶΣ԰µĳĸʡ浭λĸʼȻҲⷽĴ㡣
ҿɲΪӡ˰֣ǲм
Ǻǣˣǳӣڱô
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ȷʵ̫ҪˣȰλ̫ϡ¼ҲǰδеأڻֻǱ֪飬ֻҪɱȥ죬оεذѿ

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ǳ˷ɴЩ˶ˣȻ˵ĵطⰡ
Ժ⡣ˮ𣬸߶ˣ󲻵ˣˮȴǧˣԱȻ


1129 õѧԺѧ
ˮ֪˵ʲôˣѧԺҲǻĹܱߵİѵ⾳߾⼸ˡ
һȺӵܣҲǶѧԺӣѧԺʦôѧԺѧûȡ
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ˮ⻰һ򣬲ûˤ˵ӵģѰӵܱչһѧԺѧ

ѧԺѧȥ֮󣬴żλѧԺʦû˿ռ֮Уȴѧǿ顣
ףⲻǸռôôˡǿ˿ǸϤİɫӣ̲סȣȵȣռдλ棬Ųƣ涴ܲÿռͨһ봫ͨ
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ȻˣǾˡ˵ţһȺѧԺѧѸ뿪
ѧԺѧһһٽѵ泯ŵһĭ¶һ׺ݵĹâ
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ˢһ£ǧµĲ١
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Ҧܵһӣһ˸ˡ
սԱһ󷨸һҽѧһ鸨
ǰһһͷĽ׸ߵȳ塣Ǹģ֮ǰĵӣѧϰ󷨺Ͱ˻ѻ񼼡
ˣȥҦ˵ţһԾǰȥȻ˫һץĻΪ޴ƴ䣬ֱӰ׶ߵĳѹ
ͬʱһɫʯͷ


1130 ָƷ
Ҧܿɫʯͷ̲ס¶֮ɫȻʯ˵浮֮һʯͷƷΪϵȣƱԴĳϡһʯһٹأһʯгһңһҡ
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ոջɱĽ׸ߵȵĳ֮󣬾Զ棬ҪϢõĴл֣Լһлֵа
ڴла棬һһߵˣлָߴǧŰڶĽ䣬лǧĽлǧŰ򣬶Ҧܸոջ˰֣һԺ޾Ρ
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ЩԱ߼˶ǰ𾪡
֪ʦ˭Ƿˡʱȵ
̫ΪˣǿɲʲôʵǵĿģȻֻ·һ˵ţǣ˿Ⱥģӷ˺ѷεĲҽС
˵˵ͷ϶亹·Ҳʪ͸ˣȫһͷ˵ˣǱǡ
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ģ绹һתɱĴߣԻöԷһ봫л֣ҿԻöԷڴõƷɱǣǵĴлֺƷӳϻ̳Ͽֵ
ԭˣf۾ĴԽԽ˼ˡţ˻֣ˣǿˡ
Ӹо˿壬ʱһʱŮȥסӣѸٳԶȥ
Ȼķˣɵ档֮⣬ӿһھȥϵʦֵܣȥ𡣡
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ͻȻֱ֣ӶӺŮӵؿڣǵΪ˷顣
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˲ǿ֮ĩһͽˡնɱһһٶʮ򴫳л֣Ŀǰ9876ƵõĶǻطٷ֡
лֶûãǶвȤڻõƷ˭Ҫȸ˭ϢҲҪѧѧ

Ȼ㣬ǱŴɱ
ҪСˣǲҪ壬Ҫߡ
ԤУӵĻں档
ѧյĴѶ󣬸СĽˡ
ں
ҦܸոɱһĽ׳壬Ȼһ˵ĺɫâ˷Բʮһ߶
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1131 Ҧ
Ҧܵʶ֮£ؿһ߲С
Сֳ˵ɫ滭ֵ·ռ·һ

ҦϳˣӦǾżƷģΨһһƷ׵ı
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ħؾѧԱҵõҪǿûкô浭ȴҲǰ䱸Էһ
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ҦʱɭȻһЦҦܣҪˡ


1132 
ħüͷˣ
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㲻ħҲ᣺⾳߽׵ΪףȻҵĶǺõ
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ǲ༶Ϊһ壬Ȼ⾳߽ΪǹԴﵽͨ״̬µ40
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ôؼľˣǲ༶ħüȼһͬĹܷӳսȫ˦һ֣ҵۺʵѹħ
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Ҧ䡣ѧԺļѧǻ
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ŮӻͷЦ㲻ҲûҳôҦܵʵҲ˰ɡ
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1133 Ϯ
һķһ£ȴǲУһֵ˽Ҧܳ˼Ȼϳ
Ҳ²ĲӦf۾ƣǷֹЩ˵õָƷչԼС
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Ҧܽ״̬ʲôf۾ĴУʱ׬ȡлָû塣
ΪҦ׷ġ
ھҦĵطȴԽԽΣ
廹ڿٿΧٻĳսʿΪ׵ľ׳塣
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ţԽ׵ҲԽǿ˵ѾˣҲ׵ˡлڴ
Ҫһˡ˵ţҶͨĳǹһһǹƷɢȥ̴ռ䣬˺˴׳޵壬¯ɣ

ǼϳҪˣǱλ÷ءһߵ⾳Ž׵Ϊ⾳Ž׵ļһ￪ʼ֯˵лһ۾ܿǵĿģǵڻңŵԮȻԼû
λǷĵһݶӣЩΪ⾳׵˴ǰ棬ܷסҽΪ⾳߽ϵǰ棬˺ʵʩԶ̹ǲżֵԮл嵭ȫԡ


1134 ϴ׵ۣ
⻰ϳŭɫǵľŲھɱ㡣
лһоʮĿ⡣
ʮĿԴͷһ⾳Žߣʱһ𣬷ʩû˸ҷ
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˼ԣл岻ҪأӲʲô³
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һȴ˼ƽϣոȻɱ⣬ⳡΣȥնɱ
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뵽ɽѩ̲סЩ巢䣬ǸŮĺܿ¡

ӴлԶһ
ˡڵɫЩףǿǲأɱ˲գ۵ļһڴлֵа棬525
ʲôˣΪʲôңлȴֵĿӣʵǲô²أսȻ⾳׵Ϊǲδûһս֮
ŶҽˣҽֻľˡֻЦЦʵҹ۲ܾˣ֮ǰս㴦ǰ棬ļͬʦֵܣҺǾ塣ڵؾɡϵʮʮˣδԣЩ˻Էһϣһ¡
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ģҲһˣֻлĻȻԵЩ
šл˵ͷòֻˡ

ԽԽˣǴǰ棬Ͼڻҡһȳ幥ҸڻһͻΧлļѧԺѧ˵ͬʱҲڶл˵
磬̫Сˣδûһս֮
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ˡлס˵ûУһᱣһ
šֻڣ˶˵ͷ
λЭնɱܻһҿ˭ɱصڲվʮ⾳Ž׵ߣˣЩվżٸΪߵˣЩȻǵˡ
Χصˣ̲סŭ
ǷأȫԼǹں档
̳Ʈһĳˡ
սһ
л忴һĳսʿ׺Ľ׵࣬ʼʩչɷ



лһɷɷ֮£һĳ屻նɱ
Զȥнϵس岻ӿ
Ϊ׵糤ѧԺڵѧ֮һлʵܵ͵ӵ취壬ΪҲﵽ⾳ףǳ׵һȺˣʶ
ʲôֶΣ
ֻȻѣԼսϵնȥɾ⾳׵ΪȴҲȲлɱٶȡ
ҲһĻȴһ
лô˵ãҪɱлɣȱľһᡣ
̫ˣ޷ͻΧл˼ţƺܲ

һ޴ֻԶһͷʮ׵ľޣ޳һ׳ǣѪ죬϶Ľɫë˿Щɫëһһ룬Ǻˡ
׳壬̻ţ棡
˶Ѿϳˣֳڳ棬Ҳеȳϡ
׳ޣ̻ţ޷ȡ
̻ţһ֮ڣ˱Եˣ˸Ľ֮¡
̫ǿˣ򲻶
СĻ棬¶ȸߴȣմϾҪճɻҡ
Ҫˣ̻ţ̫ǿˡ
лҲһأɷ򵽽̻ţϣûκô
ɾʱһϢȻǷԲֻ֮кȻһŮӣŮ˵ϵľ顣
Ůӳֵһɲǣ˶¶˼ɫ
Ϊ˾Ƕɽѩɽľš


1135 ɽѩ
ǸţһĿ׸ߵӳһǴлʮľ𢡣
ɽѩԼɱ̻ţ֮󣬱Ķ㣬̻ţʬҡſھ͵Щɳơ
šɽѩͷ
˵ĳ֣˶ǻ
̻ţ棬ڵˡ˿Ž羳Ϊ۳һĻǺˡ
ɽѩԵģȫϻŽ̻ţ棬ٵĴһƣֻһ֮£һı۳ֱӰס˽̻ţ档
ոջĽ̻ţ棬˲䱻סˡ
סˡ
ɽѩǶɽľţ
ʮ˿һĻҲд󶨣Ȼ⾳Ž׵Ϊ˿̿ŶɽѩҲǳ˾η
ɽѩʵԶԶǡ
ɽѩǼĲ༶Ľ٣˵ɽҲһɹˣôǿ֡һüЩĽ
༶Ĺʲôʱܵõһһǿ֮ɫ
̫ˣǵõһ༶ĹǺĵͬҲɹԱߵһ֮ԱǵȻɹǺÿһͻҲ֮ѡЩ羳ߡﾳߡ۾˲༶Ĺϵô˳ɾͲô࣬εԾǨһ򣬾ǽһܳɾ͵ġ
˵Ļ˼
ֻô⾳Ϊ¶Ȳ࣬Ҳǵ;˵ˡ
ɾʱ򣬡ꡯֻǱȻѷ졣
̻ţҪˡش󾪣̻ţΪ˵Ԥϡ
ɱɽѩҲ˲Ž̻ţ첽ȥ
Ľ£һı۳ռ䶼һı
һĳȥƱľӨ͸
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˵Ĺڻϣ汻ɢɡ
մȾЩ棬ҽһת˲֮ͻΪ˷ɻҡ
̻ţһڻ棬ֻסɽѩ;𢣬ΪԼ
ã
ɽѩһѾ̻ţ泯ײϵһһѰѷĵӡ
󣡡
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ҵסã취ߴٵ̻ţŲϺˣҲб̻ţ̴ơ
ٳɣɽѩóһǾȻһѩ׵ӣ
׷ѩȣ
Ѿϳˣ̲ס
ѩȿԴ߶˪ѩϱĽʩչɱӡ
ÿɽѩ˵ţӳŽ̻ţ˹ȥ
áƶҪˣѸٶ㿪
̹ǵĺϯȥռ䶼ǱסˣڳĽ̻ţоѪҺ޷ͨˣҲǳٶۼŵһǳԶȥ
һе֣ɽѩǳŽ̻ţӣʱϱѩ絶һ㳯Ž̻ţϯȥ
𢿴ᣬҲǲϵسŽ̻ţ湥ȥܴ󣬴Ľ̻ţҽ

̻ţ治УһǷһصȥԶ
ɽѩ;һԶȥ
ֻǧ֮⣬ȻǿϢ
ϸȥȻһ׳ޣһ棬һ֮зͷ档
޺Ȼ׳塣
һĻ˶ĵһɫ԰ס
Ȼͷ׳ţʧɫɽѩǲǶ֣쳷
ܳɱ̻ţ棬ܻܿᱬһƷɽѩüͷɱͷ̻ţѾֻһˡ
ҪҪܸо̻ţʵǿģʵֻ൱ڻ羳ףǸͷܿŻ羳Ľ׵ʵ̫ˣҿɲ㲻ߣߡ
ˣ˿Ҳҳһš
ͷ׳壬ֱһ
Ҫˣöɽѩס̻ţ޵ĻᣬҲϿͻΧسҲ֪ǵסˡ
ţ쳷Ȼɡ
ߣĳ屻ɽѩɱ˲١
صʶȥвٵĳ壬ǼͻΧʱ϶Ҳ˲أȥЩڻץǰΪǿ·
⻰
л˱Ѱٴαظŵǰ棬лɫޱѿֻϣ׿Ϲˡ


1136 ˭ǵĵ
л󣬼ʮЩ⡣
ߣ뷴ԹԵǰǿ·
гвˡ
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ʾһ£Ѿ֪ô
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Ҫߵľ𢣬ɽѩʱ𢣬ֻҪܰҵס֧Ԯ׳һӣҾնɱ̻ţ档
У
һֽۣ㵲סֱߡ
ۣ
ʱһϳ˾ϲɫ
ֽۣ֮ʦƳıҪ;ڿռ䱻ʱʹԹٵٶܣõ˶ۣžǻ羳ǿҲ޷ץס
ܴǵߣŶ۵
á
תѾ⣬۵ļֵɲȽ̻ţʬֵֵͣһ
ȻֻҪ۵֣ʱɽѩҲͲɶɽѩ˵ˡ
㣡
ɽѩ˵ֱӰСģĶӸ˾𢡣
һץȷʵǶۣûκε⣬ʱϲʤ
ȥǣ㡣
¶ۣо˿Ҳġ
һɳ죬˫ȭ׳ȥ֮еǽɫȭӰ鲼գγһݡ
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ౣ
һͷļֻͷһɫɫеĶǻΪ˱˪
䣡
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ǵʹ׳Ӻ˹ֱײ
飡
𢱻ײɳȥһѪ˳
ͷŻ羳Ľ׵ʵ׳͵ҲŻ羳׺ͻ羳׵ʵҸܵסǡѾˣûбҪԼţȴǶ·ߣȫ˺ͶɽѩԼ
쵰ɽѩһĻ̲סŭ
뿪˶ɵˣ׳嶼±Ƶĸо
ݶۣٶȺܿ죬Ҳ׷ϣʱǵĿͶ˶ɽѩ
Ȼǳ壬̺ܵͣҲֻ֪Ҫɱ˶ɽѩǿģ˾Ͳзֻܹ֮ԹԵĳΪǵʳ
ʱɽѩҪĸ׳塣
ʱɽѩܶˣͷ׳ѹƵֻܱ
ۣ
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ǱߣȴǺȻ
ѾôˣҲŲҪǿ·
쵰Ȼ˵ǡ
һǺƴˣ˵һ·
ز˵ķһ˾նȥһѧԺѧл塣
ʱ֪ɱһӰ٣ǰɱлĻᡣ
ڷŲأл忴һնӰѸ籼ף͵شȥһɷ
ɷȥռ΢ĲȻлʧˣȡ֮һߵӳλá
ӻûзӦֱӱʬ롣
һתǴŭ
ɷ˵ģسл壬гնĵӰɽһ
лһȻѾ˺Ǿûʲôصġ

޺ƣ
лϷ⣬Դ֮˹½⣬һֻ̽Ų˹ȥ
صĲ㵶Ӱ֮£ѸٵıΪƬ
飡
һĺ˲ؿڣصɳȥһѪ˳
һ̲˶Ŀɿڴš
ɱ
֮ǰվлԱߵһӣʮ˾Ȼ붯֡
лһ̾á
ʱѧԺλѧˢˢĶ

ɱ
Ǭһã

ۻҵɷֱӺƹȥ˶Ϊ֮Ȼ
Щʲôˡ
ȺļһȻǡ
һ֣ɱǡ
ѧԺѧȻɷΪ̫࣬ת˲·硣
߸⾳Ž׵Χл壬ȫѹסл壬ü˶ĵ֡
л岻⾳׵ΪѾ˵սͻƵ⾳Žףǿɱǡ
ȥɣҵһᣬЦݣлһл塣
˴˿̶ǰϧлţȻҪ
ѧԺļѧ˫ĿѪȴԹ˲ϾȲл壬ƺ˶֡
ɾʱһ˵ĺâԶƿռ䣬һУͬʱŵ֮ǧħ񣬷֮˵񶼴һֻҵ״̬޷
⡭ʲôؾˣȻֻһì̴壬ȻĴ͸ʮ塣
Χɱ׵ˣ˭ǵĵӡһͬʱ


1137 Ҳ̫
˵Ķ棬Ϊ֮
ЩҲɪɪٹߡ
ϴ󣡡
׵ۣ
糤
ѧԺļѧ˿̾϶ǳϲɫ֪Լоˡ
ֻҪڣ˭Ұô
λϴ׵ֻۣһ䣬ԶǸСӰ΢΢ôԶһì˲أʵٲǸߵľ
㡭ʲôˣԭվڲԱߵһӣʵޱȡ
׵磬ס׵˵ţҲΧ׵ˣܺãԷ书ҿһ
ʲôԷ书ΣӷŭޱȣɫϳΪǾҪ
Ը⣬ȥ˵ţһںڳǹž˵ĺɫҪһиɵ
̫ˣôһѵĶ֡ӴȵʲôɱˣȰɱҾͲʮ⾳Ž׵ΪĶ֣ΪԼ˭ǰװƣ
ڤ粻顣׿ʮ˳Լȫ¡
Щ˿׾ȻҲҲܣһ񾭲Ҳˡ
ɾǵĹʱһĺɫĻһ£׵γһۡ
һ־ʹһֲãϵζʮ˵Ĺߣȫء
ʮˣͬʱԼķ
Ȼġڤػ޵мķ׵Ϊǻ羳׵Ҳ޷ڤػķ

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ʮ˱ԼĹһĲҽС
ʱ׶ˣһԶԵĳ򣬳ʮɣÿһԣһʮԣɢʥ͵Ĺâ
Ȼ֮Уڤ֮ɵʹ֮
ͬʱĳǹһᣬΪһʧ
ռ֮һĹ߿ƶٴʮˣ֮кܿ춼鲼Ѫ
̲һӣٴʱʮ⾳Ž׵ļһ׷׳ŵȥһϢ
ɱԵɱ
һɱʮλ⾳Ž׵ߣ˶Ϊ֮Ȼ
⡭Ҳ̫ˡֻ𾪲ѣµ׿ܻоսھһҲδܴﵽս
׵䣬ܲô˵糤Ů˵糤糤˵糤ûϴȡһ׵ĳԱԺޱȡ
ʲô˵糤Ů˵糤糤˵糤⵽׶ʲôɶʱϵôֲֻоԴˣһ±ƣ˶Ҫ崻ˡ
׵ĳԱһЦ˵ЩʵѧԺһš
ɱʮ⾳Ž׵ߣסˡ
˾ǡ
ˣЩ̫ɶˣɱǡ
˳֣һرˡ
˿׵ǿ֮󣬷׷׿
Ҳʱ򣬶ɽѩ׵ǰɣǶɽѩɱͷ׳壬Ȼơ
׿ʹñѩȶܹǱĶɽѩȴǼЦҪ֡
ɽѩ⻰ŭֱ̫Сˡ
ҲǿǴлְ棬ĿǰĶɽѩ粻֪мһսûڣĸ׳壬Ҳֻ΢·ô
ײʲô˿л壬סˣȻǼֱǸǿͷ档
ɽѩЦǲ֪Ȼһ˶Ըǿͷ档
Ѿʣʹ֮ǵض˫չԭʮɱ˼ɡ
ͷľ޴֮£Ȼɪɪ翴˰ڿе

ٶ۳һڤ֮ìڵڤ֮ìȻʱʱޣһ뾹ȻѾ˿ռ֮С
ڤ֮ìȻתΪ˿ռ֮ì
ͷ棬ֱۣ繭һì̴ƿռ䣬ʧͷһҽд˳Ѫɽֱӳŵȥ
ֻڤ֮ì͸ͷʬ壬أʮ
ͷһ֮£ȫãҲԶˡ
ɽѩһĻĪôܣҶһɱͷ棬ôԣҲͷб˵һɱͷ棬Ҳһɱҡ
һ̣ɽѩ׻


1138 ˫˫ͻ
һشͷ棬ɣʹ֮ХȥǹֱͷԴ
׳忴һĻŭҲ˲öɽѩƴسףɱͷ档

ЦһֱӼһԲʮľ޴¯¯ƶǶ¯¯ңǵӰڴ˷йǺ֮ƶo¯
Ȼĵ¯
¯ֵͬʱڰĩա
׳ڰ֮УȻ͸оһɿֲ֮ϯƺҪǾ޴¯֮С
𣡡
𣡡
׳͵˻ƴ¯ɡ
ǽ̻ţͲˣأս󽵣˿ֱӸ˵¯֮С
˻ȴûκôת۾ͱ¯Ĺ׸ɡ
ţ¯û׵֮У̻ţҲΪ˾ת֫ٺ
׵õЩĻزǿһǹ̴ͷ壬Ĳ
˿Ŀɿڴ׵Ӣ˸۷ˡ
ͷһƷչ¶˳ǺȻһѩ׵ĳž˵Ļơ
һȻƿնȥ
ߣ
Цһץǳֱץס˳γѣá
ϸһⳤ˱Ϣȫһ֮Դʺ϶ɽѩĹ
ϧ׿ɲʲôϺˣһһױԴ͸ˡ
ʱ˼һ׵ֳһʯͷʯͷһȼգɱ̻ţ汬ĶСıûб¯ɵ
ϸⶫϲüһӡһƼǿĻ棬Ӧþ֮д˵ˡ
ɽѩһԿЩŭӦģȴ䵽׵УҪҲҡ
װƬ̣ö⡣
ĵ¯ҪҪƷܴ߶¯˵ֱӾɽӶΪŴ
⣬״߶¯ٶ𾧡
һ
ǲʯͷӦѣΪ׸յк
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˷ߣɽѩľԼƽ
ҲһǾ
һɿֲĻ֮˳ȥ˿֮ǻۣ֮һУ汾Դ
֮һΪԼ񵽱˵ĳ壬˲ȼΪһѻҽ
ƺҲЩԼû뵽ģƲסһã˿մ¯Ҳճɻҽ
ˣ
뿪̫ˡ
ģһҪҲô
ʱˣ׷׶·ӡ
ɽѩоܻ֮Ҳ뿪ʱǵʹ׳澹ȻȻûɱ
ɽѩս𣬴˿̸û뵽޵ڻ͵ϮһȻֱ͵Ϯ֣ݺݵײס
Ǹ˲Լƣܵʱɽ緢һ״̬ɽѩѾŵĻ겻塣
ѩ֮ģĽ٣
ɽѩҳɣΪ˲׸ɵֱӼԼıѩԴסס
׸о¶ȺȻ󽵣𶼱ѹˣʱϲ
ʼѸٵ֮ѹ
ɽѩǰûеֿ֮еıѩ֮׸ȡ塣
ţһɻ֮Ȼصɽѩ壬ȻǱ֮
˲ת˵ʶ˼άʶײһ˴˿̶ܸо˴˵뷨
ô˵أһ˫һ
˹ȥһСʱһɼˬĸоϯˣ˶̲ס֮
ɽѩЩŭȻȴǼΪ˫֮£ıԴ֮ϵĴԽԽ⣬ȻƿΪֱƽ⾳ŽףͻƣҪʮ꣬ǰ֮á
ôƺûеΪֹɽѩоԼΪ
ʱҲ˲ŭˣЩ̣һֱ羳
˿̵ףҲЩ¯תΪ¯ˣҵΪҲɣ
뷨ȫֻǸոͻƵ⾳˽ײ죬˿̾ȻٶͻƵ⾳Žס
ˣȻ˫˫ͻơ
ͻ֮󣬵һʱ۾Ȼüͷô֡


1139 ǵô
ɽѩ׵Ļٴγ˽֮ɫѸ֣˺ʮ
׿˿ɽѩȻϣոжɽѩڣܻܿ뵽һΣյľء
һгرжҲرˣ˼һ£ԼոյõһױԴ˳˹ȥ
͸ҵģ
ɽѩȲѣʲôѵ͸ԼĶﲻɡ
ûо鰮Ϳʼɽѩ¶ܵ
л񣬶лոյİæȴǵĴ˶ɽѩĻ룬Ȼתлȥûע⵽Ķɽѩʧ顣

ϴ󣬸ո̫ˡ
ǸˣҲϴһ˸ˡ
׵λˣ˻Ҫ𡣡
һȺ׵ĳԱ˷ޱȣл嶼Щ糤ҿļʱȻǾΣˡ糤Ϊǲˣ
׵˵ͷոͻƵ⾳˽ףû뵽𾧣ͻƵ⾳ŽףͿԻ羳ˡ
лһ׵ͻƲν죬ֱѾǷ˼ˡ
ʱһӴԱ˳ǲֻ
׵糤ǲֻлѡֻѿڶױֵЩǷ˿Լżһ
ţ֮ǰֻǡлͷԲֻǺкøеġ
ã׾С׿˿ֻ˫£ƺܰѲֻͨ͸ڴһֻ֮󣬴лʱ͹۲ֻֻ⾳׵ʵȴһ㲻ΪԼİȫģʲô̡ȻǣǷ֮ĲޣӦòƲ硣
лһЩʧȻȴɫ糣ﻹǼ׵Ļ

С磬ʮĵط
϶ǺˮΪͻƣﵽ⾳ס
˿ϵسٶȿ磬⾳Ž׵ҲﲻٶȣͲһ㣬Ҿ֮ˣһ㵽ײʲôǷ磬ǵ磬ǲǵٶȣץסʲôʲôûץס
ԱߣЦЦ죬ҪôԼôŶãѾ⾳׵ΪѧԺѧ棬ھΪˡȻҪųңǳĸʣΪû壬Ҫǽ
⻰ͣѧԺѧ֪ôǵٶȷʵܿ죬Ӧ˲١
˶ǺţϾǼΪ˿Աȵġ
ף
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һҲϸȥЩ
ʧ쿴122ģֽҦܣҲѧԺѧһ֣̫ˡ
ʱ̲סһôɣ
ٵķȥ뿴ǲиѧԺѧ֡
ﻹֹ׺Ҧܵʲô֣Ҳ̫ͨˣġ
˿ȴǿʲôϳ˾֮ɫʲôȥлаǰһǧ棬вʮ֪ѧԺѧܽ봫лаǰһǧʲôʵٶҪ⾳ŽףǻմմϲԭͱѧԺѧԶԶ˦˺档
ĿɿڴٵķȥȻһϤ֣ڻа852λãĭ֡
ɵˣЩš
ո⣬ģۣ
ôѧԺѧˣǵô
Ӧǵġ˵ͷҲµ㣬˿˶ԵЩ
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˺ܿǴ˼Ѫһ־ʮ
ֻ˲֪ǲʮĵطǵķ
Ǿ򣬶ҲԶˡһŮŮӵһ̵Ķŵһ档
Ůӽǣһλ֮кϡٵʦؾ
ԱߣˣһǱգһǱű䡣
ϸ䣬Ŀ࣬Űӣɢֲζ
ӵ⾳Ž׵Ϊϲ򣬿Խ׷ӳ߻羳׵Ĺǿֲ
ܲˡռѡ
˱ôˣǱȭͷǱըײ֮£ŴȻ
෴ķ˶ڿĭĭȻǷˮ¡


1140 
˿ĭ߶ֻˮٵһĻ棬ȻǹȥСʱڷ顣
˶ڶţܿ켸˶۾ĭҲͣ
ҵˡ
ĭھˮֵˣϴϲɫ
Ȼ졣
ʱҲظѯʵǴʲôʱ侭
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ĭش˵ŲԾǰķ
ʱ˸ɣѸٵĳ׷ȥһΰĻ

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˿ʼɱ壬Ѱұеջ񣬻սʿˡ
Щһǧ⾳ĳսʿֻҪ׳壬ǾͲ¡ŻеģŬɣɶʱ׳壬Ǿȥұ屨𡣡
һҪҲǺ޺޵𱱳޲ϵ
ɾʱһǼ屨ûˡ
涼Ǵʧɫ
ѭȥˣǱ䡢պǡ
üǱˣǱܹ飬ҵǡ
˵ͷֱӿ˱䣬оȵΣա
˼һ£뵽һˣʱɫ΢䣺䣿
⻰Ҳһڻа棬֮ǰڶ䵽һǽ䡣
ѵǰ˾Ǳ䣬Ļǰ˵ʵһ
ƺʲôˣЦ䣬ϳ㣬ŵģҪھͶְɡ
һֱϵļ͹ٲȻҪ֡
ȴǲĵ磬Ҳǽ֮ϴδҵѣնɱĽ⣬˵ܸһЩ
һյ˵ͷ
յõĬĳһᣬֱָ죬Ҫ쵥
챾ڲ֮⣬ƣҲǴܽյĽĥԼҲյֽ⡣
һҴƴˣŹһͻƵĻᣬôͻΧһĥ¶󣬶յĿ֮⣬˵һֽ⣬Ϊͻơ
΢ɲĵ˵ͷ֪ͱջѶԷԼĥʯȴ켫ġ
ɱ
ɱ
ܿ죬˾սһ顣
յĽܿ죬ƺÿζһߣѹƵ޻֮
ڱյĽ棬о𡢻ˮ졢Լֽ⣬ȻҲżֽתе˳裬⾳߽׵ʵӳ⾳Ž۷ս
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˷硢ˮԼռֽ⣬ֽ棬պͿռ䶼һһĽ⣬ڽĵȼ棬Ҫաܿɹǣְˮ֮Сɼһˮ֮ҪżĽ⡣
Ϊ಻С֮ǰ⾳Ľ׵ʱ򣬸ǱյĶ֡
ΪͻƵ⾳ףѾܺͱնĲ¡
ԱߣԵЩȣ˶ԽҪգǲ˼顣
ɫҲ㣺ǺҲ⾳߽׵Ϊ߲
֮⣬ҿץסˣ׻һ㡣
첻ϵػӽԵЩⱱղ˿֮⣬֮⣬໥ӡ֤֮£ѾҿĶͻƣһҪͻƿ֮⣬һѵĻᡣ
ձΪĥʯͻƵ⾳ףԼѾò죬ﲻǷŭ֣ȷе˵ӦǼʡ
ΪڿĽʵҪġ
ɱһҪɱôܱһšոԼһϵش߶֮⣬ɱ죬ÿ֮ޱı¶ǰ
졭첻֪ڶٽ֮󣬺Ȼ۾һԭˣ֮⾹Ȼô£Ƿ硢ǵ磬ͲٶȣԶԷΪοԶȶϿһߡԣûνĿ쵽£ֻбȶԷǿ졣
֮Ŀ֮ˡ
ȿʲôȵȻͻһֽ⣬ԺҪǸĸʻҪֲ
ҲǾȲѣ쿴ΪҲͻˡѵЩһѽԼΪ϶ΪһΪһˡˣΪΪͻֹǰΪҲֹǰ
һЩأ֮Ǽˡ
ʵֹǼˣ֮ˣĳ콣޷ǱҲͺľˣתŶ
˿֮֮Ϊֱ⾳ףеĽȻһˮһ㣬ǰɬĽ˿Ҳǹͨ

һһֱ̱յʺٶȻǳ˱ա


1141 ֮ף
մʧɫоĽ١
磬ҡȵ
һ˼ҵĥʯ˼Ұ㵱ĥʯŶԣһһȭ˹ȥܿűԼǰȻصû
Ȼˡɫأоһɽ麣ХǴӵֲޱȣʱգ֤ĸо
ĽŤˣֹסĲ
飡
оؿڱصĻУ类ϣ߹ǾǶһѪ˳
ǿ
ŽоԼͱĲԽڵΪͱһսϵĽ⣬߰һֽⶼƽСɵļ
̫ˡ
ǣ֣֪֡ʱˣʱóսʿס䣬ߵĻᡣ
һǧ⾳սʿӵһʮֵĳ塣
еĸмʮ״СеȴֻмʮִС
Щսʿһֱűȥòˡ
֪ЩսʿȻĽ׳壬ȴǳףսҲ⾳һ׵ˮ׼뱱̫

ЦһȻûаЩ
ĳ壬һȭȥΪ˿ߣһĳսʿ
棬Щսʿ޷ֻսʿ˲䱻飬Ϊ촷ۡ
ߣ
ץסͿʼӴܡ
Цѣòҵˣߡ
ŻʣµļĽ׳壬˫ųŴһ壬һɹɵ͸淢ȥ˲俪ʼ˽ɱģʽϵĳսʿ׷ױɱȻ濴ѪͻΪ˽
ȻȼΪ˽ף
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ЩȻ֮ΪţǺͱƵȣѾ֮
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ȴǲɣǳȥ
ֻʹõķֱӽ̤棬𣬳ʡ
һٶȣ˷
ߣ
ֻգ۾׷棬ץסһ׸ߵɽ壬ֱŤϣˡ
涼һǸû뵽ô׷
Ҫ꣬ҵĳսʿѾˣս㣬ô졣
һһɣҵסߡ
컥˾ģΪѾǭ¿ûκηֶΡ
ʱ죬ȴҡҡͷΪʲôߣұһΣߣҵסҪץңˣ˵ǾͻŹ㡣
һۣôϻߣǳĸʣǱҴȡΪұ𡣡
ʱȴǿЦҵǱʲôôལ⣬ԺܿܳɾͲ࣬ĸΪ࣬ʵ̫ѡ㱣ôΣұһΣǷġ
˵ţֱͣ
µĴɽΪĸʱ壬ײ˹ȥ
棡
ͷȥ־Ѿа֮ңĸʱ嶼¶˳Ҫ
ĸʵıֵܴĸʱսʱ򣬻Ͼһˡ

俴һĻע뵽ɽ֮Уɽ˲仯ΪһѹһУ޿ɵֵ
˿ȴЦֻĳĸʱ巢ҫ۵Ľ⣬ǡ
Ҫ
ٵĳ֪ʲôǺȻԱĸ뱱ͬھҲֻס䡣
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Цɴһѹˡ
ˡ
ǿһȻ羳׵ȫһ
Ǻͱ˵ţǺȻǵ۾Ҳǲ
ôˣ
ѯʵǵ쳣
֮ף
ʦΣżǿĸӦ˿̲ס˷״̬Ȼһ
ֻԶգȻ貵ǳһŽһţѸٵǿգ̵ֱǵͷ
Щǳƣ֮󣬷׷׷ҫ۵Ĺâ
âۣתγһʮɴϸĹűǺ˹ȥ򼶷ɴ䱸ǿչڷĹһ
˭
ͷȥ¶˾֮ɫֲĹȫԽ⾳һǧǳ֮ش塣
Ҳ˲䵱˹죬תֻȭ


1142 ѧԺѧս
˿̾ϲ֣˿Ҳ˲ó־ǵ˭˰Ⱦܡ
ʱ뱱ƴǳǷɵ˲Żô
ϵǳſֲĻֱӾͰѱ˵£ôضѿһ޴ķ϶Ӽ
ǺͱտһĻ඼ˡ
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ոһûҪȴҲˣһһױԴȻ˾Ҫˡ
俴֮УһµӣƺΪʲôû
ǹ⣬ǹ֮У֮
񣡡һ˳Ȼ棬ϳˡ
ʱ꣬û뵽ôǿˡһȴЩǵѡ뿪ѧԺû뵽ǧ࣬ȴһֱѧԺѧ
ӭؼҡˣһЦﻹЩ˵أ죬ѧԺȽҪõһѡ
ǰǻؼˡʱһɨոյȻ˱䣬Ǳı䣬ʵǿҪСġ
֪ףȻʵȱһףսĺͱһս
˿￴ʶֺܲõԤС
Ҳߵһ塣
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ѧԺ񡣡ûڵѧԺҲʲôèˣϵҲЩġ
ѧԺüȴû˵֣Դ˲⣬ѧԺʵ̫Զˡ
ʱȴ͵һ˲֪ѧԺΪؾѧԺ֪ܲѧԺ
ƮѩϵһսؾĿ֮ˣЩѧԱ΢е֪¡
䣬ѧԺǻĹ򸽽һѧԺѧԺ֮ﾳǿߣʵǿǵѧԺأؾĿ֮Ϊɵ
ҲѧԺѧ俴죬ʵƺˡ
ѧԺ죡
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ҲǵһؾųѧԺƺҲضá
׷ɱѧԺѧﲻˡʱ򻺻ڣȻű䣬ʶӣΪ˸ۡڴԺ֪ҽѧԺѧԱսڴѧԺѧӵܣֱӸɱۡ
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սԲǶϷ
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⣬ǸҰӵܵˣҲѧԺĵˣһɱһӡ
⻰ʱһ
Ǳæģ˱ĺôǴĻһ޲ͱ仮ޡ
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ֻ֪һ۾Ϳ޷ͺͱĹϵʱѡˣֳһ޿ƥеǿ̬ȣŲ뱱彻õҲԸѧԺ
ãõúܣǱ廹û¹ʲôˣŭޱȣ˿̱ƸסȻ߳ŭ
ɱٷϻűһƾǺѹ˹ȥ֮ϣ貵ǹ⣬ǧǳ£ݻһС

һȭȥһ޴ǿվӰǿվſ˺ҧֱ˺˰Ƭǿա
ʣµǿգ͵ھϣþ޻ΪƬ
ƺԤϵЩ˫ִһķΧγһ嫵ǳ硣
΢΢һԼȻܵ˿ֲ֮
ֶٲȻģ»羳ߵС磬⾳żѹá
类סޣ޵У
ϣһ޴ӰӰмǧСȫڣ渲Ƭϵϡ
ǲ༶飬Ļ
Ӱ̺һ˿־Ҳܵ񷣬Ǭ
΢΢üоĿֲԴﵽ˲༶
ʱ񲻵òóԼǿֶΡ


1143 
һֻ죬ǳ书ת
ϣǳ֣飬ҫޱȵĹâһſŵĺǴա
ȻͿЩǳ׷׹һʱ䣬Ǭ߸

ͺһԳԽ˾Žס
ǳ׹䣬ѣҲѣôǳʧһƬڡ
׹ǳȥЯ߻İ壬ϯһУƺҪ涼Ҹ
𣡺𣡡
Ӱ˿̺ƺǷŭ
׹ǳץȥһſŵǳɳȥ׹ǳ̫ˣкܶϡ
񷢳ҽ֮Ӱʼһʵ˻£ֱɢ
ޱȣţǿһȻѹסˡ
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овѸٵĺˣʱѾĿˣǾȻһ֧ɫ
ǰֱӶļ֮ϣ̴ͷʺѪҺ
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ˣǾȻһֳֺɫΪֻ⾳ףȴһּΣոоļһ
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ǺͱգԶš
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ȻﲢûнԲŹնɱĻᣬ˻֣ʾһ֡
˵ֱ뷢䴩һС
зȥȭɫ˳ȥĹʱҲˣֱӺĺ󱳡

תһȭʱһ˱䣬ֽⱬС
Ҳٴɡ
磬㡣մ˿̺ס졣
ߣȰնɱˡЦתһΣֱȡյʺ˲սһ顣
ϣһԶһѹƵıֻܱ
˿Ҳ˾ƣ뿪ɣ˳Ժٱ
зŭȴҸѳΪһǳԶȥ
׷ϣҲⱱٶʵ̫죬ʹӶطת˲ǲˡ
عͷǵӰɢԭֻһӰıƲˡ
ʣһ
˻ںսһıա
˿̵ıգպǶˣн֡
֮Ѫ׼塭
ʱֻѪҲڿٵķֽ⡣
üˣӦһԲʽӶѪݡ
ԾģԶһŮӰĭ
ĭ˿һִʣһһᣬǹʺˢˢд˱յ֡
ţ˺һҳתһҳ׸˺Ƭ
ʩչӶı֮ͣгһصĺڶڶǿ͵ذ˽ȥôá

պǸžûϢٲȻѾˡ
˿ˣŵĿһĻˣ
ǲ֣˵ͷǵģˣ걻ɵˡ
ĭӰһǰȴǲûôˣЩεΪܰѱдֱɱû뵽ǿΪҲ౶ֻдһ룬ʣµζдȥˡ
ûĭο㲻ϵ⹴ʺ֮ʩչҲôףҹƾİѱдĴҲἫȫֵáҽȥ֮ǰʦʹõĶˣֻԺĻѧԺϰ֮ѧǿԽʹá
ĭ˵ͷ֪˵Ǻ⣬ν봫磬ԷһҲӴй
һһͷˮʲôʺд־Ҫ˶Է뿪ѧԺЩ֪꣬ѧԺ׷ʲô
ĭ
ʱһϲ档


1144 С׽
ĭͷ棬еĸ鲻һ㣬еһжΪϲ
ĭô̵ŮӣΪʲôϲ棬ѧԺѧ벻׵ģ˴˿̽رһ
ʮӣ˲Ųɿ
λǾҲֿˡ
ţҲֿˡ
ĭ߬ĸˣɷˡ
ˣǹˡʱ򿴲ȥˣ⼸ô룬Ҹоܵһ˺
ʮ㡣ǵʱԱļѧҲˡ
˿˶ˣ˼һµ棬Ժǽʱ򽻴㣬ȫf۾ĴС
жѣԺԺ̫ˡ
⻰΢΢һЦ
ʱȴоЩѹҿĴлǧ̫ˣôУѶȲС
Ҳǵ˵ͷĴлֻٶ򣬶һߣȻڵĴл֡
ָƷûС
һǱָһƻȰĴлȥ
˵ͷʾȫ֧

ͱһսܿʹ硣
壬ڿһְ˽
ոյһϢѧԺһѧ˱ıͱաӣձɱһ⾳ӵܳΪȻȰߣսȴ簲档
ʲôһһѧԺ֣ͿƲסԼҦܸĴ̫ˡ
ǵģǧȷҵһʱѧԺѧͶԱսˣǻڴɱӵܣֱѱȫϳ硣ӼѧԺʵ
Ͼǿ֪ѧԺͽ˶ˣȴ˳ˡ
սˣҪѶԷϳȥҪж
ΪʲôѧԺ˶ôǿǱʵܻɱ羳׵ߣôᱻǸܣŭĺԼѾˣѧԺѧı֪ʲôǲࡣ
ѧԺѧǰԶˡ
棬Ѿаӵָܽӡǵ㿴Ű졣һֻ˹
㡭濴˲Ծվڰĺ棬ŭޱȡ
ã忴ҪѧԺĴˣǲҪˣ巴ѧԺδܵס޺޵Щ˶Ը㣬Ǿ͸ɣûЩ׸ҷȫ
˵ţֱӻһʧ
ʲô⣿
Ͻɣ㱻ˡ
ѧԺôǿǽ˹Ȼû

һ͵棬һӴһӡһâȥʱһ׵汻Ĳˡ
ȡԼսƷӲ鿴һյϢȻ΢΢˱ǸȣӦû㣬Ͼģоܽ

磬ʮĵط
һҲյ˱һսϢӸǲм
ôһ㣬֪Ľ봫ܻܱ˾ͳһֻ֡
ĴлڶΪǰ˼ѣһ·䵽֤

硣
ʲôˡ¼ɫѿѧԺѧԺʲôôû˵
ѧԺǻĹ򸽽һѧԺֵʱ䲢ݱ䴫Ϣǳĸʽ棬Ǹӽ죬ѧԺѧΪ֪һ·׷ɱǵͬѧѧԺѧŶǵļӵսһϳ
ѧԺУѧԺȥ˶ˣ¼ʵüͷ
ҴϢѧԺ߾ʦѧԺѧ봫ʵˡϼ
ֻǾ͸ǣ¼ЦˣЦĺ䣬ɱʲô취ѴѧԺѧɱˡѧԺˣھͰǸˡ
ãʹѧԺļˣȴǲˣƺϵ˵Ҳ֪淢飬Զ
ߣǱ壬ûܲĵطһѧԺһ취ɱѧԺѧѧԺϾǸոԶǵĹϵ硣¼˲Լڡ
ǣ峤

ڵʲô˵ЩЦһɫļ룬ء
ֻʱ򿪿ڵҶһС׽һɺЩëëġ
⻰һ翴Ű׳һ㿴
պɷнµĵ˵ͷһڴӣǶЩˡ
ռΪԶ󿪡


1145 ־
ʱֻǰɫļȻ˶
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ɣҵС
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СܽһжֵˣΪ˴ʹС׽һڿ澧Լױϰټ
ǰԼĻٴλɣ⻹ѧԺͶһԴ
⻹ֻǴ׳ڽɳһڣǼɳڡһֱߵڣ֪ҪĶٵԴ붼˺¡
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Ǵ˿һЦһ־ôf۾ˣ磬ѵ뷢ӳ۾ʵɡ
Ժզ£ռ˶Ǻ̲ܶסѯʵ
־־Щ־Դ籾Դ壬Ƿ֣ǻĴ˵һ޶־־Ѿѡһ伮־־ķһļ˵ڶǿԸꡣһһȽϳвַͨʽԼ־Դ߶Դʩչܣػ򡣵ڶôټˣΪܸһ㶼顣ǵʵһֱõԼ־ϧô򣬼򣬵Ȼ޷ѵ־
Ժôѵģڵһֻǵڶ֣񲻽
ڶ֣綼ǳ壬̵µﲻʲôf۾ͲһˣȻֻǵ۾ȴǳĸʣ꿰飬꣬Ȼ־ѡǳ
ǽҪô죬Ҹоһ綫ǿü
ܲǿôܵ籾ԴսﾳսãȻˣǾҵˣֻҪǾȫƿ硣һ⣬ޱȷ˵


1146 թ
Ļ뽵һ۾־ûжĵġ
۾ˣһҵļһڣɵİա
ǵĻҲЩ
־ǲжǵˡ
ҪãŪ
Ժǻʲô
־оǵƣŭ֣ǶҪҪɱǣǱҵ֡
˵ţ־߶ıԴֱӳȡǧ֮һ۳һ޴֩룬˾ץ˹ȥ
ǿһĻһ֡
һȭ
С籬
ʮȭ
޾ɣ
ͬʱǾ޴֩룬ÿ˶ӳﾳҵʵľ޴֩벻Ϻˡ
־𾪲ѣû뵽ܷӳսҲӵķŭ
ֱӳȡ˴ʮ֮һάת£Գȡޡ
Ǿ޴֩õ˶䣬͵صȥ˾ץ˹ȥ
ûзӦͱ޴֩ĽƸײ˳ȥ
һҵ谡ﾳ׵ʵסˡ
ˢһ£ӳȥ˼ʮ
һ˫ִĽ׭Ȼ߶ֱӷ׭ɽһ˳ȥ˾޴֩롣
ͬʱǴ߶ԺȨȻΪһƣŵס˾޴֩Ĺ
Ҳ˼ǧס
Եܸо־ĵ⣬ʱ̲סͳպŸʲôѵ
յ˵ͷˣֱӵ˵Ľ׶Σʵﵽﾳ߽ס

յͺһ˫ְѹȥʱռ䶼ѷ죬Ҳǳ˾޴𵴡
־ŭ֣û뵽վȻܱﾳ߽׵սȫ۵Ǹ֩룺ܵģôԽһ󾳽ս
䣡
һ죬Ǿ޴֩ϣֱӰѾ޴֩Ƭ
־ھ޴֩ϵ籾Դɢ͵ȴһ̵ͨתһץȡʮŵ籾Դ
Щ籾ԴĸڣԶԶκf۾־Ǵ֮
һ£ʱĶ뵽Ժ
ȻһЩ򡣡
ǼѣЩȱģһӵдһܺõﾳʦ
籾ԴǸоԼΪڳĳƿ
ͻˣ羳Žˡ
˷ܲѣԼ籾ԴȻʮһš
˵ɡ
ﾳĸԽԽΪҲͻƵﾳĸо
㡭ôܡ
־ٴ۳һ޴֩룬Կ޴֩ϡࡣ
ڵ־˻֣̿ˡ
ܷӳﾳ߽׵ʵڱ֤粻ҲǷӳʵ
Ծģ־ֿ˿ǣڸոһ˲䣬ʮ֮һ籾ԴǸӶˣԵĸоǵΪ
ͣΪά˻羳Ž۷壬ıԴȻһͻƵﾳǲܡ
ﻹʣķ籾ԴǱߵ˶Ȼˡ
ΣȻһˣûʣ籾Դһһŵˡ
־ǵľٶﰵޣЩɶĶ
˻Сѧ籾ԴΪ˲٣ǿ֮еǸ޴֩Ӱˮˡ
ǿˣǺöΪ
־̲סЩвҳǺǿٸҶ֣Ҿֱ𣬵ʱʲôҲò
һʾ˲ҪҪˣǾͲֵˡ
˼һ£ǻ㲻ңf۾ģf۾ҵ̳ߣһˣΥf۾Ը
־ǻ磬۾ĴҲ޷ȥʱȨѡһ𡣡
ǲ֪־˵Ǽ٣ʱbossҲ
ȻǾֻһ취ˣǾǾܶթһЩ
Ǵ⣬Ҳܷӳﾳ߽׵ʵҲˣǵĶ֡ǿԷŹ㣬
־סʲô
һЦһҪһټƷʮ߽Ʒ
ֻ⻰ûУ־ⲻܣ綼ûôƷ
ǲڶҪһ籾Դ
־˿Ѿ񣺡ֱΣֻʣһıԴﾳʵѷӳ
ЦҹܲҪд뼸й򡣡


1147 дĹţƣǿ
־˿ֱ̼Ҫˣܣתǵ۾ƶģ˭ܸġ
ܸܵ־ķŭʲôϵ
ǿ־ľ޴֩룬ԺȨȻûһѳЦҪǲͬ⣬Ҳͻˡ
˺ϣ˿Ѹ˹׼
־Ĭˣԥ˼
ʮ֮־֩˸߹ͷ­ãǿд򣬲дĹܸŴеĽС
ŶдУ
ôܣһһ
־֪Щ壬һдǳӹܡ
Ӻ˻ãӲãǾֲ벡ᵼ
һһѾܿˡ
־ҲԼǾǲøŴеĽС
ǳ˼һ£˵ͷ͹ˡ
ʵֻҪдһܱ֤ôоС
־ʱҲҪı䡣
üôı䣿
ɾָŴ־ϵͳͬʱԼΪһﾳ
޷֤ͻۿۡ
־һҪһټƷʮ߽Ʒܡ۾ܹҲһʮƷѾʮż߻ãʣµİʮ߼Ϊ˱֤ļתҲȫ㡣߽Ʒܲ˽⣬Ʒҩ쳣ĵ۾߽ƷҲ졣Ҳ߽ƷһѾΪָƷʣµȫҪߣǵ۾Ĺ޷ġ
⻰üѡ
ȷ쿪ˣһӻô߽Ʒȷܡ
־ۺڱ֤ת£ԸʮƷ˶ѡ
ǿ־֪û˵ѡ
ˣֻõͷ
ƷˣֻҪҵһ߽Ʒɣỹкܶࡣ
˵ģõǸŹֵıƬֻҪָѰȥܾܴܿһ߽Ʒ
û飬־ڶҪһıԴҲУܴǵ۾ڿӣǸȥ̫ıԴܱܿ룬ֱɵҲ뿴ֵѼֱӷ˰ɡ
ǳ˼һ£־˵еܸҶٵıԴ
־ԥˣ϶һ㶼ɷӣˣʮ֮ʮ֮֮ǰʮ֮һ籾Դͻʮ֮籾ԴұϾǵ۾磬ʮ֮һӦҲͻƵﾳˡ
ҡͷ⣬˿ʮ֮һ籾ԴͻƣȴǲС
ãǾô˵ˡ
籾ԴңȻд򡣡
֪ԼõôôѾǴ׬׬ˣʲôģƣǾͿˡ
־Ϊf۾ĴмȥҪίȫǱȻġ
־ȻҲȫǣǵ޽ԼŰʮ֮籾Դǡ
Щ籾Դ뷨Ľ壬һֺصĶֵ߽Ʒ
ϵͳ϶Ʒԭf۾Ͼǲ飬ȱ˲־
Щ籾ԴҪʮ֮һʣʮ֮һ׸ѧԺ
ǿдˡ
š
ǵ־籾Դ֮У֮һĹЩӰΣзޣĪ⡣
־УǿһŰֽһһǰֽϾͳһf۾ĴУֻгĸʲܻá
ֻһĸʣ˾˻ôеʸҲ޷ôС
Ȼܱ֤ĴС
֮ա˷ܲѣǸоƺһܺ顣
ɷ˵ģҲʼдҪƶĹ
Ҫ䣬˿̾Ȼˣ˻Ǻܺ˵дʲô
ԺдĹţƣǿ󡣡ʱ˷ܵ
Ŷʲô򣿡
սʱԺ⣬Ասʱ˵ǵ±ˣʲôȷûпЦ
ȷ
ǰұдԺԱһٱսģ־
ѾֵĻ棬ս൱һ˺Ȼץһʵ͵ĺ⣬кȥɣȻѶԷ


1148 벽ﾳ
򣬳ѧԺѧ⣬˸㲻ô¡
أ
ԺдĹͼˡ
Ŷʲô򣿡Ǻ棬ϾܵдĹӦò̫ӡ
дĹǹͷáܵ˵˵ŵʱһԼһĹͷ
ȥǶţơǺˣⶼʲôˣеһƴ뵽Źͷź⣬ǳܿˡ
գأǿ˿ļһӦǱȽġ
ٺ٣дĹǴſãٶȸ졣ʱεЦЦԺʵⲻģҵģ˵˼
غˣʲôʦ
˴ſãŹͷź⣬ǻʵ̫޷ֱӡ
ǻߣ
־ˣֻ˸ϳ硣
ǵ˵ͷÿռͨѸٵ뿪˴磬ͷβû˲ǿռĿֲˡ
磬ռֱӿһռ䣬ռλڿռ߶޷֡
̵һ»õʮƷ϶ǳĶеƷҩʮ֡
ģһױԴԼһЩ汦
֮ǰԼЩҪռСʮ֮һǺܴȵСѡƷ
С˷ޱȣſھһпռԵĻħʯһήˮľһǺˡ
ƷļֵһˣҲС״ӳɳһڽڡ
ʣµƷȫ
жõĲ࣬ˣûá
ʮ֮籾ԴĶǵóʮ֮һʼ
ٴʮ֮һ籾ԴǸ˸ܡ
ﾳ˵˾ǸıʽṹԼһûʣǿЩûôΪʲôñûһԴǲܵģѺ챦ıΪ챦ҲǳΡνܸıʹҲǹĻʡ
ȻѧԺߵ֮֮е֮кܴġ
ʵϣ磬ǲʲôֶΣҲͻƵԪɾ磬Ҳνﾳ
棬ĿǰתɵɵͻƣǱҪЩ
κ;ͬ飬ʲôɵҲǴڵġ
ʮ֮һıԴ˴һʱ䣬Ҫлõúһ¡
ϧûͻơ
ǵΪƽȻǵõ˰벽֮
ļ񹦣ͨﾳµߣѾ塣

ߣǿԳȥˡǳ˼һ£ڴؾ˸滵ˣֻҪȴѧǹͿˡ
ܿ죬˴ڵĵط
ʱǵһʱڴ趨Ĺ򴫵ݸѧ
趨ĹȻЩӵؼʱȴתս֡
Ժ뿪һеǵԺȻǰˮĴ
Ŷʲôɻ뿪Ǹʲô
ѧԺѧڴ棬˱ı䣬ҹȻԱսҪѱڴӵܸϾɱڱѾ˺üѧԺǰ嶼ΪܵǣڱˮЦǰ屾뱧ѧԺĴȣڴȻûϣѾ֮ܵ֡
ŶҴ²µʲôӦǱ֮ǰ׷ɱ˾ѧԺѧȻЦĻԱս̫Ӧˣĸѧģȥһúõؼν
Ժ㲻Ҫˣ̫ǿˣǲڳñ˻ûз֣ǸϽӰɡˮȻЩ
ӣҡͷɲ磬ʱѾоʮֲϢҲ߲ˣˡ
ʲôˮһǿɬ֪ѧԺˣ̫ǿˣλﾳ棬Ϊߵһܴﵽﾳ߽ףټϱ廹вٵѣǣʵ̫ˡԺǰ岻ϵĶ壬ǰﲻʲôæˣԼΪ֮ɡ
Ŷ֪ˡǵ˵ͷ֪ˮðŷͨ籨Ѿ御ˣڰѣǾûͦģԺҪʵЯһˡµĵ֮ҪӦԱһȺˡ
ֻƾЩԸǣô


1149 ѧԺҪ
Ϊʲô˵ΪһΧԼ˵һʮˣȫǻ羳ΪߵҲֻǰ벽ﾳһﾳûС
ٿЩ˴ķΣֻǱˣŸȻȫǱԮ
ǲüͷ񱱳ϵݺ˼Ĵ壬ǿ˼ʹϵԶѧԺԱȵġ
һ壬ǻ¡
岻ߣѧԺգȫһս
¾ʲôһԵĸűѧԺԿס
˼һ£Ǿ⣬Ʊϣⳡսֻ漰ѧԺͱ塣
¼Ӹ£Ŀˡ
ռϢԼѾѧԺʵ
ѧԺߣĳӦﾳңԶǼ档
ѧԺĻĿϡ٣ͱûȣ۱廹вٵѡ
ѧԺλôϵĻϵԴƶ޷ʲôԴЩڸϵûȡ
ۺʵʤѧԺֻҪѧԺƵƵĵزǾܴѧԺϻúôֱӻǸĸʡ
Ա¼ƶĲԺܼ򵥣ɱˣȻвѧԺ
ֱѧԺ¼ǵѧԺǸ߶Ժ޾鷳
ѧԺΣѧԺλﾳΪ˱ȫѧԺһίȫκ֮¼ˡ
ֻǱ¼ȻҪʧˣ˽ѧԺʥĻ
ѧԺίȫᱻв
ѧԺʵҲͲͬնεùֻǱ壬෴λҪӱϻþ޴ô
壬ܺáǿű¼ЩⱱļȻһŮˣȻѧԺѧѾսҴѧԺҲʽԱսκθҰҲһѧԺĵˣɱۡ
⡭
̫ˣϼ
ô
¼˿ЩŭһѧԺ޷ˣһֻץסǣȻѧԺﾳߺú̸̸ҸıˣҪȫɱˣǵѪǱϡ
ǺǣΪǡ
Цˣǳ֮ɫ
ΧĲ˿̶ָָû˿ѧԺ
ѧԺҪˣҲЩ֪ߵغʵѾ֪һоĻ羳߳ĵ˵ǲѧԺ
ǰѧԺʵ籱壬Ǳϡ档治֪ѧԺЩôģûʵͲҪš˸͵ȫǿֲ´
쿴սҪʼˣǱҪˣʮģֱһλ羳ָָЩڴ
Ǵ˿һȴǲ㱩¶ȫʵǽˡ
á
̫ˬˣֿԺúõشһˡ
ʱȴִô
ԺǲȰǴ
ȴҡͷǣȫ
סɶ˼
ǲ˶ԮȫˣԼȴȻЩô룿һײǺͱսҪñЩף˭Ұ壬ǾǿԲɱˣҲҪǵ˸ɱˡ֮УϾ˶˽ģʱҿǷɵΪ
ס̫ˣȫ㲻
ȫǵϸ벻׸ɴˣ˵ľͶˡ
ߣ
ǺʱһߣսȦ
ΧĳԹȺ±ˣҪܵһߣѵҲ뿴ϷɣⲻϹô
һôĴʮ壬ںˣɶʮˡ
һȺ񾭲
˷ĵĺ˳˲õϿɡ
ⶼʲôʲôһȺԲô¼һҲֹš
ɱ¼ʱڲԥˣʾһĶ
ս
ǣ
Ǳ¼ߵ˻ûжѾΪȥ
ˣ⾳Ž۷Ϊ
һλռʶں˼ֱڶ
¼˻ûзӦҵĿѾóİשһש˦һ羳Žߵϡ
ԷһڣȻǱưһغ
˿Χ˶ǵһ⻭̫ת̫죬Щҿˡ


1150 ⷴת飬ұʾȫ
ԲۣǶߣߣ˵ʮͻ߾ʮ֮һǾȻǸһһשˡ̲סʧ˵˳
ʲôשҺ뿴һɴɽӰӣǷʮһ߿ʲô
ǿϧ⡣
˭Ūһ˿ЩĽˣΪɶһ첻
¼˿̻ûʶΣĽ٣ΪֻǶ̫Ϊ̫⣬Żᱻһשɱġ
Ǹţجٴδ
ֻһץֲȴ渲һĿռ䣬һ۸ӵĿռԹһ
İӣһǻ羳Ž۷壬һǻ羳˽۷ΪоĿռƬռ䶼ĿռԹ֮С
ռңɱ
УѰѳķǿռĿռ֮ȻΪ˷ǵڲϸ֮б
еһжɱӣһϸˡ
ľߺߣȻͱɱˣôܣΧ۵һҩ湫˾˵֪ģóҩһֱΪԵͱ彨ꡣڵսȻ岻ʲôߵ壬ҲɾȴԷһжӲס
𾪵Ļں档
ŰשٴҵԼĿ꣬⾹Ȼ벽ﾳ֮һ
Ҫˡ
һש˦ȥռ䶼һ޴שӡ޴ȥͣ͵ķɴƮɳȥ

Է飬ʵūó׹˾ܼ࣬ļħɲǹ쵼
ūó׹˾ͺѧԺгֻ֮ǰѧԺĿֲʵѡ̡
һΣѧԺð壬ǾñĻˣԥĽ˱룬һԿѧԺ

񷴳ȥ
ЦеĶɲֻóһѴ󿳵ϵؿɱȥгĵӰЩӰѿռֳһģȻһһ㳯˹ȥ
⣬ǿռиǱˣᱻигƬ
ˡ
Ѿ˿ռи֮У϶һ
ʲô⣬ҵһת
㲻ʲôռ䣬ֻںϵ򣬴˿̱˿ֲİ塣
ÿһϸڹÿһ鼡ⶼȫ𣬲ѪҺȼһȼա
ǰשĹע֮£˾˵Ĺâֻһɽ˹ȥһʲôռиʲôӰȫ飬ȫǲһ
ܣʲô
оˣһ޷Ȼͨʣͨ޵Ŀռ
ѪܡѪһ̷׷顣
궼ˡ
޷ݣΪȫ֣ļ±ͿƳһзһܴʱͿռ䡣
䣡
ըˣԭرըˣ廯һԭӡ
ôܣɱһ벽ﾳߣ棬һϵһ˲ɫ԰ף˿Ѿˣﾳս
ﾳﾳ
̫˼ˣⷴת飬ұʾȫˡһ羳߾ƬҪƬֱ󼶵ģս˵ȥۿģûš
̫ˣѵҵѡȷģˮֹ𾪵ĻҪˣѾѧԺ˽ˣǺܿѧԺͻչֳǿʵ׵ġڶڰˮ˵ִĸҵôֻҪѧԺƽ£ǰпɽˡʱ򣬰廹ѡëߵһ峤ֱӾָѧԺõİ
¼˿ʶΣĵ־ȫʧˡ
ѧԺ֪Ҫǿǿûˡ
Ѿ˼ѣ¼֪ûͷˣŭĴʣ벽ﾳߣ֣ɱ֮еһ
ʣµﾳߣһǱģֽķ˹һӴϵֽ˹һŮĦ˹ˡ
ʾһ£ͬʱ
˹û£ܼɣԼǴսٻغϡ
˵ţֱ۳һС磬˦־˹ȥ
Χһ±ƣҲɵˡ
ʲô񵽵׾ʲôĻ˰
仰ƺ벻Чֻǿ˹ˣҲǷˡ
ȥⲻ˰ɡ


1151 
ǻ˵ʲôֻܰݷ׶Ĥˡ
ķ˹ãƤȽϺ񣬾ǼҲţ۲ݣȫԿ
ǿ˹һŮ
ˡ˾
ǿ˹˵ϵ֮һĻҳԱڻ˰ɣһ羳߻Ķ²಻ˣ׷϶˾
Ҫɱ㣡˹ǾԵѣֱóһһķˢһ¾Ͱг롣
ôˣôô񻹲֪ʲôΪʼٸߣʾ޹ֻսʱһ¶Է˵ĻȫǴӵ֡ԼС˵ȡľ⣬仰ɱʺϳһһŮʱ
Ǳߣķ˹һն
һ˦һ䣺ˣȻıޡ
תıķ˹⻰ӿеȥʲôˣ˵ô

ķ˹ƺ뵽ʲô˿ҲǴŭǱȼըҩͰˢһӾͱ
ȷӦǱһȺˣ뵽ʲô
һֱڣķ˹ûŮˣûкŮ˿һۣѵˣ
Χ۵ĳԹȺڣٴη˱㣬˲϶ʵܶ˸ͨǼʻˢȦ
ǻ˵ʲôѾĤˣǰ񵱳һˡ
Ҳû˭ˣöһͶһߡ
űķ˹ңǷӣҰһ죬治֪ԷΪʲô
ƥϲģ϶
ȫ壬ͻˣզ档
㿴ʺؼҴȥɡӰееĲ
治֪ҵʱôûǽϣӬԣҲܱڳۺá
ͣ˶Ǿˣﱤ˻ϵôģֻ֪ȫȺۻľ
Ȼ䣬Ŀеսģʽȫ߸ˣսԭ
ܵ⣬оһߴһȻˬˣֲЩ˶
ȥɣ
ҵһᣬһץռ
ķ˹ûзӦʱоḡһɾ޴֮˿ռ֮У֪ȥˡ
ܵ⣬ֶԷ֮£ʵֱǴ󽵣һɱ˱ķ˹ģǿ˵ˣ˱ҵˣȫɱˣԸɴѶԷˡ
û˱ķ˹ֻʣµĿ˹һӾ˦˹
ʮγ˾޴ǳ֮ӣ˽ȥ
ʱоʱձ任Χǻһռһռ֮Уǳһ巢ĹâʼɱһС
ⷨ
ȵ²ⷨһױԴѾԳ磬ﾳһ׵ȥҲ
ȴ˷ܣⷨıԴ˵ܲȫԼȱʧһֿռ䷨򣬽ͻƵﾳ
ⷨҵˡ
һڻȥУʱٻ˿ռСס
Сײǿռߣôסֱֻ˦ʹһռͨ
˳ȥϢĵ˿˹󣬺Ůȥɣ
ռ֮۳һѿռ֮ȥӰſ˹ն˹ȥ
˹һţ֪ôģҲʲôˣֱӱгΣЩ֫ռ֮뵽һʱգת˲ǰɶûˡ
˹˴ξǲ廯Ϊô飬븴ԭҲô׵ġ
˿ץסǷ¶˵Цݡ
벽ﾳߣת˲ȫ¼֪ˣֱǱѡ
Ǳߵ񣬼שȥͰʣµ˸ʰˣֻʣ˱ļˣ˿սͣ
ⲻܣ
¼૵ʹֶΣмı˿Ҳ֪ôˡ
塭ζ˶ˡһλ羳߲֪˵ʲôãǴΧˣʮ˼ɱ䡣
˱ˣȫˣ˼ˡǼеһ̲סЦ֪¼Ҫôѽ顣
ǸڳļһǸͷҲǶﾳʵαߵˡ̲סЦǺͱûʲôϵͲñԱ
쿴¼Ҫڵˡ˵ţͿڱ¼һУγһͨһɫߴһ˳ݡ


1152 ֮
겻Ϊλﾳڡ
ﾳϵ۷Ĵڡ
ڽ۾̫ϡˣһ۾Ժѹһϵؼǽ۾¶棬һ˵
λߣֽ죬ﾳΪǱܼµߡ
ȴǺٳ֣һΪ˱һһҲΪûбҪ
һνԴЧռ䶼˼
Χű죬ΪһҵҪնմ
һȺΧȺڣ˿ŵĶǺ˰
ѧԺˣǿ϶ᱻճһ羳߳ƺѾ˽֡
ôÿֲҲһҪ硣һű죬
ȻﾳսﾳǸǶ֡˺ܲ񣬲ҲʵﾳսֻҪﾳǾһǵԻ羳Ž۷Ϊܷӳﾳ׵սҲﾳףﾳߣȴпܷӳﾳ׵ս
ȥһϲģ÷
ȫˣսӿ
ͷ֣
¼űؾϹ֪ʱôΪ˳̵۾磬Ǵ˵еĲླ磬΢еʱ䣬Щɶ֮С
һˣӦõġ쵭һͰѱ¼ôʱǣұ
⻰˵ģܴҲܰ
ٻ羳߶ĽѣɶʱҲ
ͷԲѣţݸ壬ûƨۣӣүүҪǼֲӣҾүүҪǼӣӡʾ⻰˵ľûë
ߵʾһ±¼˺Ӱһͳ񣬲ͨռ䷨򣬻ܿټġ

˲䵽ߣһָһ̴ռ䣬ռ䶼Ǳճһ
ﾳĻ֮ҲǴ֮
֮ֻȴݱ˸µ֮
һС磬ħ˽ȥǸûһСͱմˡ
ҵ谡ʲô棬̫ˡ
һæӴܣմ֮󣬳ϵ׷˲Ҫɽȥ
ʱ򿴲ȥˣҴֵܣǿɲУ˵һשǳű˹ȥһɽӰѹǰʱգñ춼Ӳ
ֲɱôߡ
֮࣬ȴҲЩмɲһߣսԺͨﾳһս
İשʱҲóԼķ
һȼյ֦Ļֳİɫ
ȥ
֦ͳˢ˹ȥĻӳȥǴɽӰǱմˡ
˿һĻ̲סһ󸡣
ħǵħ𡣡˳˿̾
ʲôǵħһ궼ܷյĻ棬ӿµֻ滹ܷ˵ķ֮
ʲôȻֻ棬ⱱصĺܱƵʹֶΣҲԺˡһ𾪣Ϳʼզ治ģ͵ǿˡ
ֻ棬һУȫѹסˡ
ۿţҪС
ʱݿռ棬һռͨˣžͿֱǣԺͽˣͻһ£Ȼʰ
ĿɿڴǺøɴ࣬򲻹һ㶼ǿ
˵ͻƣȴǿЦóԼ˹Ǽֽⷨǿ̺мǿĿռ䱾ԴҪĶ
ãͰͻƣȽˡ
ǵ˵ͷͻƵﾳǶѧԺʵ
ʱ򣬲ɷ˵ֱվ˳
ǲ׷ĵħϳһֲ¯Ӱ¯
¯ǻҲ⡣
˫ִһǵͺһգ
ֻǵħͱ뵽¯֮Уһɿֲ֮Ȼ۾ƿص֮ȴҲԶߵֶΣ˲ǵħѹƵġ
֮ס̲סһѵǽ۾ɡ


1153 
羳ߴС磬ֻǵ濪һռ䣬ԼС硣
С磬˭ߡ
ﾳߴС磬ڻ羳ߵĻϣȴʣ죬ݱһλ棬ȻԼС硣
۾ǾͲһˡ
۾С磬Լģ۾ƶ
ȫԼƿصС磬һصĶǾ֮
ǿΪ֮ĴڣҪԽ컯սʱһںͶԷսһһٵѵһܵԷҲ͸ˡ
ԣһʱ䱱ͱŵˡ
һ۾嶼Ҫ군
ܿ죬ͷˣȻ֮ܲ۾ƿص֮һϡ
ˣѹĵħȴȫˡ
ʵҲˣǵ¯Ȼԣȴרܵһͽ۾¡
磬Ϊ߱һЩԣȴҲ֮ܲ
⣬ҲǹĿֲˡ
֮ҲһЩƵĹڻ羳Ϳٳ磬ֹ֮һǲ༶ġڵѧԺ棬ǳ䶼ֹļڲ༶棬϶Ҳϼ𣬲ʲô˶ܹӵеġ
һѹ˵ħҲסˡ
˭ô
ħ𶼱ˣԹԣˡ
ߣ˲ȡһɣ϶衣
ǵ¯ٴ壬ﰵ⣬ħǴ󲹣¯һЩ¯ȴǻŵģֻ¯ĵһףپײܽ
¯Ҳͻֺ˾磬ΪǳϵƼ򼶣Ǿ漶
˼תоߵܵƣ˫ִǷ˹ȥ
֮Ļ湹Ƭɼ
޻ɱ
նյ졣
Ȼû֮ڻ֮ԴﵽСɼѧԺļһҪùˡǬԪ૵λǴǬԪˣһֱڿѣǣȻûʲôɱ⣬ҲʲôøУϾѧԺ˲ɱŮ˺ͶӣҲƮѩѩǧ
ǲǿûиоô𾪣Щڴֶ̫κ뷨Ҫ֤ȱһ֡
ȥɣš
ɾʱǺȻޱʥ³ĸ֣Ȼǣ
ڰزֶΣ˵һ֮
ʱطΪģۣһƬ˴ھ֮У򷨲֣ڡһ޳ɣɽκιתΪԼľԷ
Ǵ˿ʩչЩɬЯϣ
ֻʩչ㾻һ˲䣬꣬־Ԫ񡭡һбԴ
Ŀռ侧ϵѳѨˣռ۳һƬ
Ƭ棬̻ŵģЩģÿһֶҫԼҲ㲻ʲôȫǰģԼͺһʦڲͣĶһý
ǵ¯ͶӰ¯ԽԽȼվң޾ӿ֮С
أÿһƬϵ䳲֮У˺ϢĹЩ૵žġ
ɲ֮䣬ǵľ֮У۵ľ
ûô
޼䣬³٣֮⣬ޣֻأǴ߶ȫѪھ룬һԼԼӰˣֳֳìɱ̤Ⱥħ֧еգȫΪڡ
ˣ֪
λɣ򡭡ǵٴθߴһЩȫԡһʥеһס
⡭ôܣǵɪɪһ̵˳η塣
һһָߵȵĲ༶һλ߷
ɣǴ˿ٿȫ뿴СС뵽Բǧ֮ڵʱ˲ͱĵ˵£ʲô֮󻯣˿ͳͳҪ


1154 У»᣿Ԫϻ᣿
Ȼܿ죬СһҫʥĹâ֮УΪеĻ֮ҲΪһķᾧ֮УΪ֡
ȻЩ϶Ǳǣǻ֮ĽᾧԴʹǲ֮İأȻﲻСɾ磬ӦûǿԵġ
ǡﾳԡ壬ĺˣԽǿ־壬ԽǷŭǼ˹ȥ
ǣǿ
ʥĹâѱй赲סˡ
˿һĻ𺳣֣̿Ҳû˸Ұǵɻˡ
ߵʵҪﾳ֮ϡԳĹҲԳ֣ȻʵԶԶҪ죬ﵽﾳ߽۷壬һƵҲû㹻ģ̫ˣһϵ壬̲סﳼ¡
ʮӣͣ
˿Ѿ䤱Ĺû˵ǣͳͳǵ֡
ôǸˡһһȭű˹ȥȻھصȭĿǰҲ߾硣
ɲǼ䣬ǵȭͷ֮ϣʥۣϷһʥӰˣʥ֪ɶڹλ棬ʥȫϵã˵ǰ
ȭ
ˣ
һȭʥʮǧ
̼䣬Ǳͱ˳ȥȻûʲôƣȴĵ׷
ǵһӵ˳ﾳ׵ﵽﾳĽס
սʹɣ
һսӿھ֮Уһ֮⣬ҫķ
ȭٶȺֱȡҪ
¶֮ɫȻȫѹסˣ޻֮
ܣ˶ٲ༶༶ǺôⲻѧôҲǿһֵͽ׵Ĳ༶ǿǣֶǲ༶Ƚײͣһ˼ĵزôܽܡ
Ȼ֪ӵ漶ԣȻǻ飬Կ飬༶Էˮһ򵥡
һ羳߾Ȼѹﾳ׵ߴ򡣡ؾǰĵؾ֮˹أҲǾ֣ȻҲֻǰ벽ﾳΪҲӵﾳ׵սǴ˿ǣоԼǵ߲غϣǵʵ̫ࡣ
Ծģ˶ѧԺӡѾΪĹۡ
ѧԺ߻û֣߾չֳսѧԺĵж¡
ǵѡ񣬹ˮ˿̼֣ǱֳսѧԺģԸֻһﾳǿߵѧԺУԸǡȱ̬ѧԺǾֲϺáԾģˮѾѧԺŵ˺ͱͬȵĵλ
һ̣ѧԺϵ
ѧԺٵĴϵκһϵѧԺȻǾֿԡ
飡
ǵļǧȭ֮ڱһȭؿڡ
ʱ챻ɳȥѪɽ
ؿڣڿֲĹ֮ʴ֮£ʼ⣬幦Ҳ޷ֵ
档¼æȥֵ̿ķס˱죬ѾʧɫڵѾǳƿأѾݣѣԼеһ֮
÷ңϻ˼㡣켱æһɻƿ˱¼ǿֲϣζ
ôǿű죬ȻսͦˬĵҲͦصģһֱսȥĹҲǳԲٴʮӦû԰ɡ
㵽ʲôˣ˿䣬ҧĿ죬ЩͷﻹҲǷͬȵλ档
ѧԺԺǡȻûʲôģ˵
ѧԺû˵ұ壬ֻƾһˣԲʲô³㳼ұ˿֪ǵĶ֣תǡ
ȵ¡Ǵ˱ĻʲôֻƾһˣѧԺôʦߣ滹У»ᣬһССı塣
У»᣿ס
滹Ԫϻô²£㱱˳ѧԺΪѧԺ߹ΣЦһȫſںߣƵıһһ㶵ġ


1155 ͻƣ
Ԫϻ᣿ȻɷˣҪбΪ߹ñķζըˡ
ôǲǺܼٸһܣԪϻǿ˺ųǣǶǿߡǺǺǵԣ㻹ǿһҵĽ飬ѧԺ߹һܿɹĻᣬҪһء
岻᳼κˡŭޱȣǱ屻뿪ϵҲΪѧԺ߹ΪĽֻǱ֪ԺĳЩ棬֪ΪѧԺЧΪѧԺϵ߹ȴûлᣬΪʱѧԺѾϡ
ˣǱ׷ɱѧԺѧ²ô˵ģʹɱ濪ʼɣ˵ٴζ֣ȭ߶ȫһĹԣҰ׹⣬е۾ȭȭֱȡ
Ѿ޻֮ɫ԰ޱȡ
ȥǾܻɱ죬ɻ߻ɱߵ׳١
ס֣
ʱһȴһӵסǵȭ׶ߣ࣬ɢɫĹâƤҲɵһ㡣
һ۾ϳˣǵˡ
뱱彻ã˿ֵ̳Ҳ⡣
һߡĹѿڶʶһߵģһ޸һ
һߣȻǵģȻǱʵѡһλߵ徫ͨҩûбǵĶƺ۳ȥʱһȻĿű챻ǻɱ
ﾳĽסͣؿһߣܺã˭ҪվһɣиҳֵߣѧԺսӴΪˡ
ͱϵߣԥһ£ȴǲûٸվ
ǻѧԺĵϸǾƾչֵʵǾͲô˵أЩҲ˾ûаյ̣Ǹո˵ʲôУ»ᡢԪϻᣬĺܻˣһʱˡϾ߾磬˭ҲΪһӬͷСԼСȥ
ûôǾͺãǵѡ񡣡ǵɨܣʮעһ˵⻰ʵ̫Ťˣȴû˸˵κεĲԣΪѾԼʵ֤һУʸ˵
һ֣л֣֣ܳȰѴɱˡҲһ֪һߵʵҪǿ֣ɱǾ˺ܴĿܡ
áһߵ˵ͷȻվˣǾʹһߵˣʤˣҲþ޴ĺô
֣ȷʵͬն
һߣͨط򣬿Ʒ޵Уǵȭķ

һʼֻһĶСѾؿõӰӣʱķҲøǿһߵĹҲ޷ķ
෴һߵĴط֮Ϊ֮У
־ȻƲķôܣ쾪ޱȣķԶԶԤϡ
̫ǿˡһߵһǴȭ֮ϣȻܱ߽⣬ʮ׵ĵط
Χ۵ˣ˿ҲǾޱȡ
һжȻ·磬ǿԳߴ˿̶ǶЩˣʵֻΪﾳΪɱͬߡ
ǲóǿֶΣ˭ȡʤѡ
ɾʱ򣬺ȻΧĿռˣռ俪ʼһƬƬĲɫ壬ռľϵӿ
һԴͷȥǾȻ˵ҪͻƵ
˿̵Ӱޱȵģǲ޾ռı۸о־ܴʵǳϵ˲ƣҲ޷ߡ
һ̣ռİ¶ɡ
ͻƣҪͻƳΪˡҩ߾ޱȣ˵ͻƾͻƣҴͷβСʱĿôɶٶȡ
̫ˡǼ֣ռ䷨Ĳ飬ͻҲֻǿռϵߣռ䱾෨֮ϵһַ򣬿ռߵսҲǿޱȡ
һȻܿͻƣǹ˹ȥ׼ҲڣһߵĹȫסˡ
Ǳٲϣͻƣ˿Ҳסˡ
ѧԺӭһλߡ


1156 
һԿļ֣ͻˣʲôʱͻơ
Ƕ˵Ļ۾ӦöףֻҪʱͿã궼ò
Ҳ֤ǵ˵ŶãͳΪˡ
һЩˣҲͻư
ʼָĻľɽӺʼ֣ǳ޲ǻء
ߣ˿Ľˣ۾ˡ
в羳Žףǰ벽ﾳģܶ޷ͻơ
ߣǺ߿һһ£ͬն
ʮӣͣˡ
ͻˣˡ۾˷ޱȣ˿ǶƵӣǸо첻˶ͻƣǿľӪ꣬Ϊɶ޷ͻƣʲô
ţϲ㣬ߡ΢΢һЦ
Ǹ˭ʲôţүүٺսٻغϡͻƾΪ˶Ը죬˿̺ԥľҪԱ֡
졣ѵʲô죬˵ֶûסô
ոͻƾԸ죬Բһ߳ǱĶֿ֣ԡ
ߡЦһҲǶЩмӡ
ɣ˵ų˱죬⻰˵Ƕ̲ס˲񱻵Ļı֮Ҫ
˿̵ԵЩһˡ
һһſռĺۼô˵أޱȵϿռ䣬Ͽռתĵ
ոͻƣĵսȥ
쿴ǲ֣ȻѵһֱӴһС޻ɱһϵĻ
֮ǰֻܻӴܣǴ˿ֻɵһץǻȻǴסˣȫֹ˿ռ֮С
ȻǻϳһĿռᾧ
꣡
һˡ
⡭ǿռ侧һĿռһᾧͬʱסǿռڵϵ򡣡ؾĵؾ֮˹ޱȣϵ֮еĿռߺ٣֪ؾһλؾ֮ǿռߣɾλﾳ׵ʵҲÿռ侧˵ҪߵĿռУһֻпռϵĵ۾
ܣɫ˲ˢףޱȵĹ༶˿̾Ȼ׵ˣ񲻾ͻƵﾳôôǿôࡣ
ȥɣɲЩһץնץ˹ȥʱıѣȴǸо֣ΧĿռȫΪһһ
㣡һ߿鲻ԥĳˣϳһɫӰǿռ֮УŵסĿռɡ
ȻҲ֣ˣһҪŭ
ߣһ߿ˣ̲סռֲ̫ˣֶα֮ǰ̫࣬Ѿǲͬն
ѸٵѿʱǵȭͷҲˡ
ȭٴγɱˡ
ΣĴһ˸ɱˣ֮ǰǿɻ࣬Ҳǵļޡ
˸ոѳûзӭǵȭͷ
飡
ȭĺ˵ؿڣϵķﶼˣͬʱ˼ش
˵壬˲
˿̵ˣ֣̿ĸоĵ
񣬺һɱǡ
֪ȱһˣֻҪϵõնɱһߡ
ŭ壬˿Ȼȫǡ
һʩչռһ߶Ӷȭȥ
ռ
ɱ
ϵסһߣĻɱ
鵽˶ǵһǿˡ
ɾʱպȻһڣֻһִֻ̽˳ЯŽӲӵĹâҫޱȡ
Ŀռһʱ䱻ǿƵȻǱһ߸оָ˹
磡쾪ϲ֣֪Լоˡ
Ȼ֮дһģ˿ĸɫʡ
һѸһ߳ŴֹķӴܡ
ǺȻģűһ߾׷˹ȥˣǴЯ֮˾˹ȥ

Ƿŭ֣ʵͲֵڿӣС˶Է
ʱȻٳɣվǺȵʦ֣ҿһצӡ


1157 ָ
һ֡
֪ͻȻֵ˺ǿպԥĿ˱Ľ׶Σȫ״̬
⻹ΪȷܿԷצӣʩչ˽ȭʮ״̬
ֻȼһճǴֳ˹ȥЯŻһеܣգǬ
һ̣˶ˡ
ôܣҶ޷סһﾳ߽ףﾳ˽׵ȫһԳĹĵ׵оԼܵвڿӵﾳҲɪɪ
˭뵽ѧԺʵ
Ǹոգ˸ûаշյΪΪձڿȫˣյʵ̫ǿһ߲֡
һһ֮У˵һЩص٣ȴĳܱԶΪսؾĵؾ֮˹س˼նЩУջСʱܰнؾؾ쳹
ɫƵҲовʱȫ
ǽɫ֮ϣʱͻأȼܻ棬ЩҲǽɫģյնһѷ죬ǡ
ⱱȾȻ֮ͨ򣬲صĺϳֵˣ˿̲ЦҩӪҩ⣬һֱҲǵжԹϵȻǰͲñȳԱϣոɴѱȻɱˣҩп˱ҩ˾
䣡
ʮĽȭ֮ϣԲǧĿռ䶼Ǳˣ޴ĳһЩ߶Ʒ˳ȥ
ʱֻǿдһʹϸȥǽɫƵһָȻˡ
ã
ǼѣռϷ硣
ɱ
Ҳͣ٣ǴգѶԷӿռһ˴
ǺȻ֮ϵĻյĸˣƶȼգһԲΪ
ļһ
ȫһս񣬴˿սʢǻ涼մĻˣֻ֣֡ҲǳԿ˳ץסȵǸָȻñӲĸ
̫̫ǿˡʧ˶ˣֲѧԺûѱѧԺȷʵʵ
ճǴǴֵ˿϶
Ǵֻ㱼ͣһ£ȻȴѸû˿ռټҺһս
ȾȻôˣɴúܡ
˶뿴һսǲˡ
Ⱥǣǳʤ˻ãˣˡһߵȴֱӿ˱ȵ뷨ʵҲڱǿߣֻʤܰܣڻ˿ӣһսҲʣԲɴߣѧԺĵϸ֮ٶѧԺ֡
˼ԺϵҪסһѧԺϵĸ˵ҲҪ˱ˡߵҲ˵뷨
ս˱״̬ˡ
ʱ̲ס̾ûгûش壬ǿϧˣǱһڸոջҵʱҲûˡ
ԼԴЩ˼Ժ㣿
һǱȵһָָӣȵ˵Ĵһ࣬ҽӲӵģʵĽָˡ
ⶫһЩضЩõģ˵֮ˡ
Ȼô֮ͨݶָȴܸռȵλãԺȥɱȣܲ
ǰЩʱ˹ˣЩȫʺõġ
ѧԺչֵʵκ˶ҺӣѧԺǿ϶Ҫġ
ǺĺЩ˴һкǺŪȥˡ
ɾʱȻֵԺǱˣ϶ưոݵģǲҪУ»֡
һЩȻĿһﲻᵱ˰ɡ
ţȻҲڵԺԪϻأԪϻ֣뿴жǿ
յƺҲڴǺƵԼ˶ôôļһء

һսϢܿĴϵϵȻ󲨡
ʮŵϺŵļ塢ǼСϵһЩ˾ȵȣǶѼѧԺϢ
ѧԺʵ̫أѼϢȴ֮١
ЩѧԺû߽ʵ˿Ҳһأеūó׹˾ܲ˿ȫˣǱŵĲᡣ


1158 ֮
ūó׹˾Ԫϣ˶ߣ˿ȴز
Ǻò׻˺ѧԺĹϵû뵽һֺǽˣ֪ѧԺʵʱͲͬ֡˵˽ߣﾳĽΪҲһūɱԼˣӴǿ˹һһ·ϮūΪ˸߸ϵߣûΪԼūȥͬūū⡣
û취ˣڵ򸽽ĲūţѧԺǲ𡣡һԪҲڵߣﾳΪΪԼ߹ΪΪūȻ飬ɵ˵һһѵߡ
ЩȻ磬ѧԺ˵ͷϵһѽʱܿǵԴ
ūó׹˾뷨ȴһƬϲ졣
壬и߲㶼ڡ
ѧԺȻ˱壬̫ˣǺѧԺĹϵԺòòΪΪߵһλϣ˿̼˶վϾºóѧԺĹϵҩ϶ܸһ¥
ҿͲѡˣһΰ峤ǰˡɽ´Ϊ峤˿ЦǺǵ˵
ѡҪѡĹزƣΪ˱ʾǶѧԺӣԴڿʼͰѰ峤ΨһһŮϿڵõ˵ͬ
Ҫٴˡаĸ߲㣬Ȼһ뷨

磬ϢҲ档
ӵֵܱĺܷŭѧԺѧ֮սҲˡ
죬һѧԺѧΧס߸ӵܣΪ͵һ⾳ף˿̰ѧԺѧƾΧסˡ
ȥôôù֪䵥ƾ⾳׵Ϊ߸ˣ̲ס飬ƺǶְ
ɱ߸ӵͬʱ֣ͻ
ƾ˵ʲôֻƴһս
ݽʵǺǿģǾػ·磬վΪ̫
ԣǱҵġˣҽֻˡƾʱȻӿռָóһ޺ͷΪԲߵʳʳ˿ȴóɵأ򿪸Ӵ
߸˶Ǻ±ƣǸɶԵʲôܺóԵӡ
챣ӣԺ˵ǧġƾֹյǴϢģֻһֱû˼ԡѧһֻΪԺڶ㣬ô飬Ժܱսͷãſٶȸ죬ӵɣ
ӼٿӣΪ˱ڶӰ
԰ɣ
ڸʲôһӵԥ˰죬֪òóˡ
ˣɱԱߵӿڵȴǵһ֡
ҸоˣױȵǺ֮Ǻ֮ҵС汬ˡɾʱƾȻ¶ޱȵɫĸоӣʵ籾ԴעѣҲдķЧˡ
Ƚӣƾʱ˷ܵһ˹ȥ
һƴԷһΪһոһֱӱ롣
ƾ˷ޱȣҾȻɵһ⾳׵ģȻսҲһɣҵĺ֮
ɱ˱
ôͻȻôǿˣⲻѧ
ѵոճԵʲôӹҩɣ
ˣһɱ
ʣµٴζƾΧڵƾȻ޷ɱˣԱѾȫû⡣
ʱƾ뷨ȻģܿҲġ
Ϲͷſã˵һնɱˣɷɱ
ƾһѽڲٵµˣʱ˵ɾ͸ɣӿռָóһôϣʱ͸оٶɡ
꣬ﱤˡ
ƾ˷ޱȣٶȶȻ֮£һٴնɱһˡ
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ǣȥɣ
ƾʩչݽǿֶΣŲ֮Ϊ޷סŲƵλã˾޴ȴɱ˵ˡ
Ǵ˿̣ƿնȥȻֱӴ̴˵üġ
ؼǣԼƵģȥģȴˡ

ƾ˿ԼĹͷоֵ̫ˡ
ǽƾҲˣֱӾһװ磬˺ɨģʽ


1159 Ĳ
˿̣Ǳߡ
Ϊ˵İĴлҲڿӣѾǰʮ
治֪ʱ־ʵһֱڹ۲
ô˵أΪ趨Ĺ򣬻ȷֻܻУ־עҲûá
ոպϢߣҲĿǰлһļһǶ֣׶ˡüͷ֪ģȻںʵһͷѧ治ǿģҲѰ񱱳֮ܺ󶼺ѡ
ɼҪĻҪǿ
û¾ͺáĭ˼һ£׺Ҧܿ϶ߺܸȤ˵ǻһս
ţ˵ҦָܻƷѾӦ棬ôС˵ĻֻҪ֮ǰչʮڴл־ˡ
̫ˡĭ̲ס

ҲʱѧԺһѧ˴ла棬Ŀǰڶİ
ʵҾͨľϵ͹ϵ
⾳߽׵ΪսͨĻ羳һߣȴѹƵĺ޻֮
ۣ
һѪ˳ݺݵػˣϴŷףһҪ
˿ǰŮӣǷŭ
ߣ
ӵĿӡ
ʵĿв

֣ȼյĺһҪΪҽ
һ̣ظоһ
ܿҪ
ʱ֮кȻһİģЩ۳һ͵سŰץ˹ȥ
˭
¶˾ɫҲ˲ϻɱˣ־ͳֹ˹ȥ
䣡
޴ײ˺󼸰ڿˣѧԺѧҦܡ
㣡ϳˣħһսʱԹ֮һʱͲҦܵʵǿȫֻ֣ܿҦ߽
û°ɣҦܸȴǿٵķס
˦Ҧ֣ܵԵߵһߣһŵҩ
ˣôҦ֪ܲ˵ʲôá
ʵô˵һֱһǰ񵱳ԼΨһĶ֣ھôŬˣǲ񣬾Ҧܡ׶Դ
Ҳ޿κΡ
Ƕע˸˼ѧԺĹǳ䣬ǰһָЩûһɹġĹרΪģȼ϶Ҫǳȹ
ҦʱĿһת¶һɱ⣬֪ģؾѧԱһǰ¹˹ֱϵӵܣǱܴ󣬲ʮ⡣
ҦܣôҪΪ𣿡ЦҦܺǿҦܡ
˽ĳȻ㱨Ҧܵ㣬Ҫһױǳɣҿ㲻
ĵǺȷʵ⣬ֻǾûõЩŭ
Ǽءʱһڰֳֳǹӣס
ǡ׵׵ۣһɫ䣬ҦܣǼɵ׵ۣΪһӽѾɱٶͷ׳壬һ͡
ҡһֻһŮӣŮҲʶǶɽĶɽѩ
ɽѩ㾹ȻְǡЩŭ⡣
׵۾ȹҵֻڱѡɽѩĲ˵
㡭ߣʲô֮иһףⶫɽѩǹ˲ɣȻͲԼļͰ¹żΪˡ
ɱ
֣ûлġ
Ի뿪
ˣΧĿռѾǶһˣģһˣ֪Լûлᡣ
ۿ˾Ҫԥóǳǣε鲻ꡣ
˵Űǳ׳ȥ෴ķǿӶȥת۲ټ
ʲôǳ֮Ҫġ
ͷβһĻԽԽòģԽԽί
ĺ޻֮İҦܺףȻҪóò׵õıﱣǶô̡
ݺݵһȭ˵ϣָ״ģѪ΢䡣


1160 ȷ
׿ӣ֪˵ʲôá
ҦʱȴѾǳץ˹Ͼϲ֣ǺñȻСƿա͡顯Чⶫʺϲ
ʵϣⶫҦΪȡģԺ˵ĵڶλ᳤ҦܸƸ
׵˵ͷȷʵǱҦȻҲһн׵硣
Ǿȥϰɡ
á
׺Ҧ˵Ҫȥ
ȥȥҦܳ˼һ£ʵ
ȥ˵ţתˣıӰ׺Ҧܶε̾һ
㻹Ǹʲô˼ȻͣĶɽѩŮˣѾʮ죬㵽ôģ
ҡֻҲҪȥɽѩһ죬˵һƲŵɡ
ףһˡҦܹЦһ֮⣬ʧʣ˺Զ֮Цͣ
ǡΣҪǴѧԺҪˡ

ʮ֮Ҧܺҵ
һ𣬳̸
⴫绹˲ãкܶˣΪ˴лֽġǰһѪŵļһΪһҹһٶȫ·磬ҵòһԼԼˣȻǻҪսȥˣ鿴һһĴлȻһ֮󡣡񵭵
ǻ˲ãʵҲ˼ˣʵҲǿͱҲôһ㡣ˣһӥ`ģӡ̣Ȼ˵ˣҲһֱۡҦЦ
Ȼ˵㣬ǲ˼顣Ȼ֪ҦܵĿֲ˵Ҧܣ˵ԷŻ羳ϵս
ǸѪؾѧԺӥ`Ǽšɽѩ˼һ»
λǣʱ򲻾Ŀ˶ɽѩЩ棬ʵղˡ
ѡ룬ȻתƻǸأ˺׶һҪˡ
һֱûˣݺȷʵЦЦѾ˶ɽѩ׵΢ϵɽѩǵףԺĿͷԵģɲô̸ġ
˵ŻȻɽѩͨѶ
С㣬ߺһoļһԼսҪҪһǶԶɽѩ˵ġ
λģɽѩʵסҦܵ˴˿ҲȻǶܸȤ
ѾˣС㡣Է
áɽѩ˵ͷжͨȻʹͨѶϵĶλϢһھ뼸˴ĵط
ɣǸ˵ߣ߾ˣҿֳĶСЦЦ߰ɣһȥ
ţøһѵ
һ֣߿϶Ҫ군
֪oʲôȻܺһս˼ˡ
һȺѸٳսص㱼ȥСʱ͵ˣ·ޣȫغ¯ˡ
Ǳߡ
ָָʱҲˡ
ǸһµľߣݺһǺڰ򡣡ʱǸoǹŹ֣ȫĺƬ϶ǣѵʲô˲ɣ
ӦһѪ塣Ҧ룬Ͼؾⷽ˽⡣
oռ˾ƣ⹥һֱڹעսȻ䡣
ҦҲˣڸոգߵĺڰoһȭˣϸoʲô
ߴ˿̣ѾദˣڰԵЩˡ
˿̿ŸoһѪ˳ǿʲô򣬾Ȼȫѹҡ
oԥһ£ͣЦû˵ɣҲԣƫƧжֱȷˡ
üȷ򡭡
ƺ뵽ʲô¶˾֮ɫ
һ̣סҦҲһͷˮo˵ĵʲô˼
oЦǼĳûиǽҲԣܳɾͲͲˣָųΪʲôĲࡣ
˿˼תȻo˼ǳɾͲ࣬϶ҲǷֵȼģķͬкܴĲͬ
߳Ĭˣ˵һ֪һЩģڰֻȷ濿ǰԶȷǶ֣߽ҩˮ㣬ҪɱҪ㡣
ҲɱˣȻõҪĶˡ
oһˮȷû⣬Щϲɫˮϵܲͻƻ羳Ϊߡ


1161 ۾֣
߽ûгɣֱƿȥ
֪o˵ģǸoɱԱɣܱסһԺͻлᡣ
ҪȡĸʵĴУжҪֻǿϧǻõָƷˮoˣȻϣ
Ȼʵû֪߿ɲֹһָĴƷҲ˵һ
ҪҪҦܿ˿뿪ķ򣬳Ƭ˵
ˣˣǻҲʤ֮䡣ҡͷoһս
ʱǲҪӦϵ˭֪ʲôǾýһЩΪãܲǵoЩŵģҲoȷǿΪѧԺٮٮߣûһЩصֶΣѧԺڵĹֱָķԲͣǸoıŲסǡ
ˣǸoҲûнһĶĿӦþˮⶫ֮󣬺ܾܿҪҵطͻȥ
ɽѩ⼸죬ҲԽԽԣ˭µսֱ̫ζˡ
ʱȥתһ¡
ڻа棬лߵĻߣʮڻֻвǧˡ
ߣԽԽоЩ߶ˣȻܻôഫл֣ǼˣҺ˻ǧ֡
ҦҲǸо˲Ӭһô˰棬ȻǸߡ
ɽѩ˼һ£ʱؾѧԱ϶ҲؾѧԱڰ
Ҧһؾʱôûߣһʲôʱðġ
ɽѩεǵڶؾ֮ĵӣؾʱ䲻Ӧ֮󡣡
ҦȻ֪˵ʲôá

ɾʱ硣
ڹעĶȻһɼǿ˷Բ
Χеķе˵궼Ǳˣһطȥʱˡ
Ϊ׵һӣɫۣ׶ߣվһȼյĺǡ
Աߣվŵˣһйһ֮ԵĺӣһŮΪ׵Ϊ
ʦf۾Ĵ硣Ӵ˿̿ڵҴϢԴܾ棬ֱƿf۾磬ܿܵ𡣡
ߣǻҲҪԣԴǹϵԺܲܳΪࡣΪ׵Ц
۾ǬԪϳˣɫ΢䣬ϴκвΪ۾Ĵڡ
ôˡؾĵؾ֮˹أ˿ҲɫѿһִУ۾ǲֵģһǵ۾ϣ۾ǿƲ֣־ͻһ𣬵´ֹ
Դ󲿷ֵĵ۾ִУҲԼĵӽᣬǿӸԤ
۾ֱӳ֣ȻǿĶڲò֡
ǿ۾΢΢üо۾һһȫһҼĸо
ѵǽ
һֲý۾ôĵ۾ȫںһսһ˭Ƕ֡
۾ˣֱӶԴ綯֡
һӣΧĿռ䶼ˣ¶ľϵ
۾һֳֻǾϵ̽ȥȼܵĻ棬治κһɫǻɫʣǹ졣
۾ںֻ棬γɵһֶ𣬿ԷһУꡣ
ãܻܿ𣬿˳Գ߻æ
۾飬򴫳ߡؾĵؾ֮˹ؾ澺ʸ˵
ƿľϵҪһʱ䣬һʱ仹ˣǾǸ档۾һûͣ
һʱ䣬Ǵ󲿷ֵҲ뿪ˡ˹سһ£ѶؾѧԱ뿪硣

֮ڡ
۾Ҫ봫磬ңҲоˡ
ߣ뿪
ʲôֻһʱ䡣
ˣȻ۾ˣϵм۾
ɾʱȴ׼ߵһˣǴлְڶʮļһȻһɱ
㡭Էʱ򣬶š
һһ봫л֣㹻ˡ˵ţȴóһƷָƷ񵶰޵Ѿﵽ˻ôеʸôС
ţ־һ
ٻΣ־ֱܿѡ
ֻǳƬ̣һ쳹ߵԺܲϧҵĴйѾ˸д޷Ѵи㡣
߶ʱ׻ʲô˼˭д˴йʲôʱⲻܣ
ۿŴоҪ֣ȴıʣνܡ


1162 
־ĬˣԾ뵽ǣڴտõʱ˷Ƿ
ţ۾봫綼ܣǸϢôģ̲סĵһ
ģѵĳ顣
ΪʲôⲻƽʲôоҹԼյŬѧϰˣò׿ԼǵĴѧΪ˼ҵϰ쵼ûԾͽȥˡֻò׽һľȴǷֵһʵͱԤˣеŬ״
߼ֱҪˣ˿ɱ˵Ķˡ
뿪ɣҪˡ־Ĭһ£ûиģǴ˿ȴҲЩߣ˵Ǵƴһ֪࣬ʵǹڲ̡
֪ˡߴ˿˫ĿѪĵĳųڱȥ
뿪־תͷûʱˣǴ粻⵽ƻ϶ܻʮڴл֣ݵ۾趨Ȼôе⴫Ҳֻܸˡ
˵ţ־ȻһڹԺ
涸Ȼסˡ
ҪţǴ־Ҳf۾ߣϲ㣬˵۾ĴС־ûһ֩룬Ժ˴˿̾һ
ңһûдչʮڴл֡
ѾҪˣ⵽ƻΨһܻôеĴߣ⴫Ȼֻܸ㡣־
ʲô˼ΨһܻôеĴУѵ˶ôȻо˼飬ǻ趨ʲôʮڴлֺһָƷʲôǶһô
ǿԵģһǵļһ磬ıԴһֻгĸʲܻõ۾ĴУֻһĸʣ⴫еĽ˵ô˴ﵽҪҲ޷ôУֻﵽˣǲܻôС־˵ҲЩΡ
ԺȻһ𣬸о˼顣
ǵģһƺ־õ۾ĴвżȻΪһУոиߵļһΪԭʧȥʸ񡣡
֪ˡ˿Щ죬ıǸжˣ֪ĵطԭѧԺΪôࡣ
ˣҪ˷ʱˣǸ۾ҪˣȰѴи˵һ¡־ȣ㽫õ۾ĴоʯֻҪں˴оʯͻõ۾һ򡢾飬ǲּ䣬⴫оʯĸۼĸʣʱ׾羳ĳսʿ
̫ˡ漤ޱȣֱۼĸʣԽ˻ʼֻһֿܣǾf۾ǵۼĸʡ
Σ㻹õ۾߽ƷһԴһǲʯƷǵ۾ò׻õģһֱʹáԴ챦ֻҪڽĳĸ棬ͻʮӿսʿʯ֮ܰŴٱԿƸĳսʿĻڻ羳׵ʱ򣬾޵ڻ羳
߽ƷҶΪ׼ġЩ
ţ۾ʧܣѾ뵽һ졣־ܻõ۾ĴкˣϣԺܱе۾־ΪࡣпܵĻҲϣΪ۾𡣡
۾ͻʧôⱨɶ˼ʱЩˡ
˵ͻʧģǸ͵Ϯ۾ŵ۾ͻƵĹͷū۾ôʧܡ־ߵһĸʽΪ࣬ǳɹǸж಻˼飬Ҫ֪۾ĳĸʣֻҪͻƳɹԺܿ첻༶ĳսʿʱ˭ǵ۾Ķ֡
⡭첻༶ĳսʿ汻һ˶±Ƶĸо
ˣѾĳĸ뿪־롣
ȵȣ۾ĵô֪һ˵۾ĴУ᲻ȰҸɱˡһȻʵ
ģǸǲ飬ܵ汾Դƣ뽵ٵﶼô׵ģ汾Դ֮еط˶֪˭˵۾ĴС־
ŶǻãΪʲôٲʲôӣø±ˡ
ϻˣٲ߾߲ˣЩҲ֪ȫǵ۾˵ġ־˵ţֱӻ档
ոôˣͻȻͲ˵ˣĭ棬һС
û¡ЦЦǴϲ뿪֮Ҫ־úģ־ѡ㲻סһүү
ߣҲȥ׵ۿռ䶼Ҫˡ


1163 ȼ
׼˳ڣǺȻȴһ
һˣǱ䡣
̫ˣⱱǱţȻѾѧԺץһĳ롣˼һ£һֻǹͳűץȥ
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ӵܿһĻԮ׼ǹɨͰЩ˸˳ȥ
ţҦ۳İģֱӰѱĸһȻս˽ò˵Ҳͦʡ
ߣ
һ뿪˴硣
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۾׼˿һץסĶƬһ飬־һɸһ
УһĽסƷȴûҪԴ
û˻ôУԴȥˡ۾ɫѿѵǴ־Яжˣf۾Ĳá
ɾʱ򣬾޴ıըͻ۾Ʒ˳ȥණ˸Źâɡ
۾һѸٷӦȻ¶˷ŭޱȵɫ־ıԴԱɷҲԴ᲻ҲԱˡҸոһӣĶ˿ռԴûбٵܾܿ档
۾Ƿһ˿ռ
һȺߣ߿۾£Ϊ
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fү־ʱ˵
Сǵ
ʱ־ˣҲˡ

򼶷ɴ棬ǿһȺѧǶˣǸˡ
ӭع顣˵
Ժлл㡣ǹĸһ
ţ㶼֪ˡЦЦȻָ˴Уﲻ˵ĵطߡ
ԺʱץˡҦʱЦЦ
⻹һջĲ΢΢һЦȻ򼶷ɴͻΪһʧʡ

ѧԺ֮С
ǵһʱȡ˴˴ĽϾ˴У϶Ҳ֧
츳ƬʮԼ飬һǧʮʮ죩һǧ죩ЩûжôǸѧʹõġ

봫ѧÿ˶дһ档
ǿһ£оջ񣬶Ƿݴб棬Ǹϸ˺ü顣
ô˵أ潻ĶʵкܶõĴݣԼһЩ֪ʶ
ô󷽣ǵǲôо⣬Ͼһĸʣ˭븴ĴҲܡ
ʵϣǵҲõĴУ潻Щ֪ʶ
ԭƿһַܳΪַ࣬ΪһȡȺȡӦþĿռ䷨򣬶Ǽ޷Щʲôȼȫ㲻Ҳǣһֻᰴչ˭ᶮЩҾǲͬķҲͬЧ˵Ŀռ䷨ѾܶˣЩֶεķƻвʮ֡
ĵȼ༶ҲеȼҲˡ潻ģ༶ҪΪС񼶡񼶡񼶡𼶹˵ĻǳӦò඼ߵȼ𼶣Ҳ񼶻ȼȻǸݴķȼͶֵģǲǾ񼶹ķȼҪߡ
⣬۾ҲʮԪһԪ൱ڵ47304000ꡣ˵ǲ࣬ҲĲֻ࣬ѡ
Що۽ֿ˲١

ԺسһЩֲϮǵ飬ӦǱΪ
ⱱ徹ȻԼˣ˼Ц
Ҿ֪飬ȶǷľ棬ǲѱ仹ȥǿ϶鷳ѧԺޣʵֺεٹһºѡˣʱƵ£Ӱ쵽ġ


1164 ־
ǵ˵ͷȷʵһС鷳
ӰһһصĿռ䣬ռûûзһжǾֹһ
Ŀռ䣬˵ǽռ䣬ռҲ޷һ˿һ
ռ棬һӣֻɫĽһĺϽɵģתһɿµϢ˲
䣿ǳǼʲôܣЩǿߣ˵
ȻԸ壬ȻҪĵϸ
Щļ壬˵ʲôµĶҲһڣҲʲôµĹϵ
롣
ߣǾͱҲˡǺԥҪԱʹѻǵ̽뱱֮ȴ淢һƣӦһֶΣǿƽѻ꣬ǽֱӻתΪһ֮ѱƬ
ǲòͣ
õκζЦЩ
ߣ֪ν˵֮Ťͷˡ

ԺֳʮֲϮɾŰʮɫѿΪ棬Ļࡣ
֪ˡǵ˵ͷǿѾڵ鱱ˣȵʱ죬ͰǼһˡ
šͷ
뿪ǵͨѶǰˮ
ԺǱڵͻȻȥ¥գ˶ˡˮ
ٶ졣һɲʲôϢ
ڷԼӪȻ˺ѧԺһս׼
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ǻڣɢϵڵϵУĻ֪Ҫꡣ
ţ⵹ǡǵ˵ͷѧԺҸҿ϶һҹ֮ܰЩȫǵòʧؼҪγ壬Ǳ棬ֻҪǽˣʱȻǽơˣǰͲҪˣѧԺͱսǲ̫˵ᱻ
ǣԺˮ˵ͷû뵽ڻΪǼ룬Ǻ˰
ǾɣѧԺܴ֮󣬻֧ǰӹܱҩ⡣˵ŹҶͨǱߵİˮѾϲʤĺôʱǰһػϵʮҩ˾λá
ǻ˼ǵɫתԽԽ
⻹ڣ˵Ҳֻʱ϶ͼıһݷĵʵ̫ˡ˵ţó˱ȵһڶָһʶ͸ռ䵽һһڱĿ˹ΧǽɫĻ档Ǵ˿̣ӺȻ۾Ȼüͷɫ
һջʶ
ȥɱһһⶼӭжˣϧڵʵ˵㣬ﾳʵǿȥԡǺ޺޵ôпսʤȣɱԷҲѣǻɱɣʵ䷴ѡڼǰѵתΪ˳ʱ˭뿪Ȼ˴ӱ˵Ǿʧˡ
ĿǰҪȡ
Ǳ˳Ժͻµʱǹؼ֮еĹؼ
㣬ѧԺʦ˳ȥȫάȶ
ˣֲϮڲӣһΣ֮УΣ
Ժһҵ´ȥһ仰ǳ
ʲôü
˱䣬ȻѧԺԱǸ⳥ʮ߽ƷԼһټƷǲŻֹͣһС
ȻвѧԺǷŭѡ
Ժ֪˵ʲôãһǿļ壬ʱĶ̰屩¶ɣ񱱳ڵ˿ڣ羳һѣ⾳˸鷳ֱ̫ˡ
ȳȥɣǻ˻֣ȫͶĸоʱۡ
ðɣ뿪ˡ
һ󣬱ûеõҪĽһŭ֮»˵һСڷ
ǵķڣǱɷСǵ϶ܵγˮ
ɾʱһǵԺ΢Ʈ졣
Ҫҡ
˭
Ҫң
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ʱҡӦǵ־˵


1165 
һֱš
һֱ֪־־Ĵڣʵ̫٣̫ѵˡ
־ķһҲֻ֡
һļ˵ڶ־ǿԸ־ǿĵ۾Ȼһֻв
Ŀǰһ鶼ûУڶַ϶ܡ
ǵܾ־϶ǵһַõԼ־ַҲȽϳַͨʽѵ־
־־ѵĺôҲǾ޴ģԼ־ǾͿԴ߶Դػ
һصǵ־
־˼Ƭ̣𣺡ǵģûȫѣһҪܵԴƣڸ޷壬Ӷκεطػ
ǲǺܶŶҪʲôѣ
־ʱûʲôģǵģѣҪҡ
ǲ֪˵ʲôãԼ־Ǻ£Ҳ˵Щ־־ܷ󷴶
˼һ£ƺЩΪʲôң
ұŵ֮ֻͬӵӴ֮ܵõôһػĵĻΪȺǣԸ⣬ȡҳΪ־ƿҲᷴ
Щţ֪ô˽绹򣬾Լ־飬Ͼûô磬ˣҲһ飬Ƕò׾ѣԼ꣬ԼԸ
־Ĭˣܿ컹ǵΪ־ᷢչĸãԼʲôԵġ
Ǳжˣ۾Щġ
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־ûش𣬶ڳĬһ֮Żǵำҵ־ػԼҾǡصԺŵô
̲סЦҵȻšϲ㣬־õҵϿɣΰ㳹׾ѣ
־ҲٳɣֱԵϾҪΪ˳Ǹʱ򣬵ԸͷңҾһܴӵ֮Ȼ֮Ѹ׳󡣡
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ʲôڵõϢʱһ
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Ҷˡ˵ͷԭһΪõ־ӵǶһ
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ӵŽᣬҲʵ

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֪϶ʹ˰ݣ϶ԤıĶ
ʵϣҲˡ
Զĵط¼ŵ૵һǱƽ
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¼νڱʵǲʲô
ǽҪô
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󶯾Χ˶̲סһ


1166 ѡ
¼˵ͷֻСС֣û˵ĸѧԺ޿֣һ򶼱ǣޱҪʱѧԺԲ޶áʱֻҪѧԺֻҪһ첻ӦǵǾһһΪǣǾͲò
⡭Աߵ˸о˱¼ķ
ǣ˵ǵڻĹ֮ǣѡȴڵ򣬸ҵĿꡣ¼˵Ľͼ
ӢֻаѧԺˣǲŻηǡһЦǼɣǰ뷨͵ٵˡ
ǾôɣҲñ֪£Ǳ岻Ǻ۸ġһ߸͵

Ϣڴ
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ѧԺ˵Ҳһֵܵס壬ˡһ̵棬ϰ̾һչ˰ĺӣôͲ˰ء
ʲôҪ˳Ҫ̳棬һ顣
ǵģ˵ֻһȻҲ֪Ϊʲôܾ˲õҪһIDҡļһ

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һֱڹעһеı¼ˣѧԺʲô˵ѧԺ籱壬ⲻں˵˵ôֱɱˣﻹֶΡ

1018ա
ڵ˵ѡһ죬ڵĴѡ˵ǴѡʵǷǰĵƶȣԱѡٵ£ÿܲѡ١
ѧԺԼ˳һεĺѡ˼
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ŵ㣬ԱʼѡĹֱ̻˶ͨǼʻۿ
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ھѡʱͶ˳ڴֻ֣û뵽ȫ˵һξͿʼ˳
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ΪۼˣٲһҲųɡ
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ڵǹŴĳ͢ⶫһ
ȻҲһ㣬ľʵǾצһ޵ĻǣҲһױ
ھһɲǣʱ֮˶һããǺӣ
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ʱóһƷϸⶫȻһɫƽȻƽĮ̇ϡ
ϸƽһ棬дǵԱ¼֣һĿǰǿհףⶫòԶȫ൱ڴ˵еķ


1167 
Ѿ룬ǼأϿɡ
룬ǵ⣬Ǽϵܾܲѡ
Աʱһ̣Լʮֳ㣬ǵڸ߼רõģ۸񰺹󣬲
֮⣬һԱ߹Ҳ쵽΢һЩ㣬ǿ˵Ǽ
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λȥϡܿһ֮۶ɵ棬ȴ˵ļ롣
˻ã࿴һĻǼ֡
־ǾǼǵĸǣ˵еûеûе࣬ûڵĵ
ڴӵ߳ȥӦõġ
ȻǶܵıӻҲǶԵԴ֮Ļм
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˶Ĭ֣ƺۣ֮ۡ
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죡
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ǵ˿̷ŭޱȣ۾Ѫ֪ܲô£һжǱڱ
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ǾȾҵĺӣȾһλĸ׵ȶˣؿڱƬ̴ѪģĿ⿴ȥﱧһӤ˿ӤΪܵײѾԽԽ
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ˣˡһͺܴ˿˿ǰķ棬ңڸոյһ˲䣬Ķӡӣм˶ˣǰһһ˻ڵΪһٰʮ١
ү㿪ϱ˻ṥ˺ѵȴһ

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1168 
Կλ֮ϣ֮롣
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վŹ˽Źȥδڣһеƿߣһеߡ
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ϾǸովѣ˿Ҳֻζѣ뷢ӳﾳʵƿصıԴ֮ıԴ֮ʱҪǳֵĻԵıԴΪ壬ȻȡıԴȡֻ֮һʮ֮һӵﾳʵ
ȥϽֳһʥǿϢ
ʥ˲£η
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1169 Դ֮ͷϲ
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Ļ羳Ǳһţһ¶ѣٴη˻
ӮˣӮˡ
ֻתһƬһǣȴ¶˱˵Ĵȱ֮ɫ
ʱɢһƵĽ⣬ڽ֮£Щ˵ˣ˿ڿϣЩĽҲڿٵĸԭЩѾ˼ӵֻҪãȻҲĸ˹
˿һĻ̲ס۵Ӱ
ǴޱȴĶ¡
һУ֪ûиѾļˡ
û˵κλ˿ˣһռͨ͵˵͵ȻӰΪʧˡ
ͬʱڵ
౱Ǳصˣû뿪˷׷ʧȥˣĲ
һ֮ǰǣֻһԿһĻûв֡

ֵλĻ羳ߣϳһ˿ɱʮ⣬ȻԪףȴֱӶɱˡҪһ̣ôûѪԴ֮ͷԺѱ佻ҡ
ţ㡣
ǵ𣬾ͿһˣǱľű䡣
Դ֮ͷϲԣΪҵκһطһǸоһɼǿģǵ˭£ǵסκһˡ
ˣ׼̣˻֣Ǳ߳λʿմ󵶣ڡ
ôɱңôҡǱ䣬ʮܳţһûг񡭡ҡɫ԰ףѾŵ̱ڵϡ


1170 ˹޶
Ļ羳ߣ˿Ҳŭ
Ⱥ񣬺ôĵӡ
ǣȻǱǲú
쵰ǿߣôҲģ
˱Ƶǰ棬˫ֱţûǡ
һ̣˶ţǵĹû뵽Ȼǿơ
ôңôҡ¼ԶĵطԵޱǿǱ䣬ǿǱλ羳ߣȻնɱ
棡¼ɳƣ˵š
ҾȲǣǸոյ־ǿҿܶǶ֡ȵ¼ɣԵжҪˡ
Ҳģҡ
˵ˣҲ뿴˰װ

̣һȣ߸ʿ絶о²һ㿳ȥʱ߿ŹԲԴ
һ̣Ǿ
Щ˿̶ѻȸ̫ˡ
ЩǿҲ⾳Ž۷ΪǿʲôһӾͿ羳ߵͷ
ʵϵĲ࣬ǲɪɪ
ʱǵǸ׳Ƴ֤ԶҿԣҪ˫ֹԹԵİԼĹ׳ȥ
ǵ֮еˣᣬʽûнء
Ŀ֮£֮ǰ̨棬һһֻȴǴ߲ƽ
ֻ˿̸ߺԽΪ˳ķع
˵ţ߲ƽǸȥ
ʱһ쳹ʣƺʲô˲õĶһ
˿ԵĸоһˣƺǺ͵γһֶصϵ
ʵҲˣǵ͹˵Ĺˡ
֮ߣñĭǣܿڷڣһ޴˽ҴܣӴ˼ֱš
ȻȻ
ʱ÷񣬿ʼһϵйԱĹԱܵ˻ӣԺԷ׻øٶȡ
һ֣Ȼ˳Ŀߡ
££
£㣡
£ޣ
£ʲ
£˵Ҳ棬ʱԵĸоһˣһһ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
һ£һѧԺΪѧԺѧԺԺǻԪ˧
̲סȻ湻ŵġ
һˣȫ볹װѧԺڵ
ǶЩˣû뵽һѧԺкôҲл
ôȻԶԺѧԺˣĸ죬ѧҲĸ죬ԺѧԺ͵ԽԽԽȥԽѡתЦˣҲûʲôʵѧԺѧԵ͸ٹˣʭӶ˲һһɡ
һֱٶˣͣ
ʣûֵĵԱ˵һȵȵʱЩҲԶ档
һ̣˳̲ǽ˶üЦġ
ɾʱ֮дһ˵ֻ֮һԼɵĽ˳
˽
̲סȻôҪʲô
һȺҲһ±ơ
˲֮Уֻ˽温ѸٵķֳСһЩ˽˵ȥ
˽һ壬һȻǵ֮С
Աµλµõ˽֮һС
ֻЩֵǣѧԺѧȻõ˽Ĺע˵õļλ¡
ϸһʵҲףǴѧԺѧԺΪѧԺʵṇ̀ѧԺҪɵˡѧԺֲǺܶ࣬ܳļѧõ֮Ȼ١
˹ඥ˹ඥ
Ǵ˿ﻹף̲סＤ˹ඥĺôǾ޴ģǾЩ˵Ϊһ޴
Լܽ˹ඥһͻƵﾳ
ȻתɲǣоﾳƿѾɸƵˡ


1171 ﾳ
ͻȫˮɣƺ˰ѹﾳһаعһ̲ס治ѡ
̫ˡ
̲סмͻƵﾳĺôǾ޴ģʵһ޴ﾳ߽׵ıȣĿһսǻɱ
ȻȥˣڵǸɺԵһ㡣
ţʼתĹ
һ˲䣬ӿǴӸԪ
ͻƵ羳֮߾ܸ֮ܵеĴԪ磬Щάķʽţ̺żӴ
ĹԹͨ磬ʵǲĵҪڤڤ֮л˴Ԫ־Ͽɣõ䡣
ǳ书ܹͨɿռ䣬պ֮Ҳˡ
Ǵ˿̷Ԫеޱʥ࣬еȴޱаҪΪĹȽ⣬ɰٴûضԡԣܴĴԪ磬ȫΪԺпܣѭͨЩ磬Ѱ
˶ע֮£ǵϸռѸٵת۾ʹǰ򳡴С򳡴С
˹ඥһΪҲ˾޴
ñ׺ҦܣΪʹﵽ⾳Žף˿ȴֱͻƵ˻羳
΢һ㣬ΪҲ⾳˽ͻƵ⾳Ž۷壬ֻһҲͻƵ羳ˡ
ѧԺʦҲһˣмֱӾͻ˾硣
˵ĻҪõ֮Ǻֻܶ࣬ǵʮ֮һǴ˿ȴһͻƵﾳ
˵ĻѧԺ߾λټȻûߵΪȴսı̬ѧԺϵվ˽Ÿ
һڸ߲㣬µλ£ϴ˿̶Ц˻
ΪȻɾ磬һӱ˵ɾ磬Ǵﵽ˵ɾżԵֵޡ
λ£Ҳ˺üס
ֲĻΪȻһӴӵɾɾ磬һɾ۷壬ֱӾ׷ǡ
˴˿̿Ǽʷǳһֱˣ⻹ǿʼԺΪ˳Ŀߣʱ޿̶ܷˣΪ
˹ඥһСʱ˶Щ֮ʽʽ
˿˸̨λĸȥ
ĿȥĿ͸嫵Ǻӣÿһһ˶ڵȴ
ɫ쳣Ͼ⣬תΪ˳ҵ˵־ⶼǴϲ¡ǧȴκζǣҲǵġ
ڳĬһ֮ڣ͵Ϯǣʹǧ˳𲻹죬ӽʽԱս
սȻȲѧԺȣȴ˵ľġ
ʼǵֺ˲ãʱѾػصѧԺ

ﾳô
ѧԺ֮Уǵ۳һһȴתΪһȻʯ

ȻһḶ́ʯȴ޷ٶתΪҲͨɶģһЩĶ붼롣
ʯһץӵĿռȡһֻȸ
˼һ£ۿɼģֻȸȻһֻҲˡ
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ǿ˿ֵļһȻһǷɣԺʲô컯
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Ȼ޷УֵļһȴǿˮţʼʱԵЩ׾ǺܿȫӦ
ǲ뵽ֻһٶȴһ漣մȾȸȻԼǻۡ
ﾳ绹еĸоЩֶζսȴ;󡣡΢΢һЦ뵽һ飬ϵͳɹѵתΪ˳ҵǲˣ
ǵġϵͳ
ҵĽأʲôǲЩڴþûȡЩˡ
һžǼ￨ƣ츳ƬԼһƷķϵͳ
ǵ˵ͷһžǼ￨ƾһλ羳ʦѧԺȱľΪʦ츳Ƭ˵ѧⶫءĻǷƷķ֮еһױԴټǷǼֵơ


1172 Ž
һžǼ￨ơ
Ƶ滭һͷͷȻë¿棬һǵë¯
Ǿ̲סЦˣĳŹϹҲûбˡ
ѧԺ棬ͺɹöѾˣŹϣǰҪĽô
ţʱݸ˰İɹƺҲô
Ʊ棬һȻ˵ӣϸŹϵϢȴǰһ
Щ黹ǳϡ
ֻдţ
Źϡ
ԣȫ
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ӵѧꡣ
ӵɷ񶴴ɰҪ̫޴ڡȡ
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ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺɷʦѡ޿Σʦ
Ϊʲô𾪣ŹϵΪȻﵽɾżҪ
ʱ֪ʲôǰ֮ˣͻĸΪҲߵһΪսŹϺһս˭ʤ˭һأϾݽʵ̫ˡ
ȻŹӵеɷҲӡ
һ֣ǵһ֡񶴴ɰҪһ־ͺܲ򵥡
ȻƺЩһ㣬ĺһ㣬꼶ѧҲ´ˡ
ȻЩ𾪵ġ
𾪵ʵŹϵдʲô
ʦ
ʲôʦǿѧԺĿǰ߼ʦˡ
𣬴ƷɵƷɵ߽ҩһġ
СƷƷĲ࣬һǵһ㡣
һƷҩ羳ǿ߶ôںƷҩﾳǿ۾Ҫȥ
ŹȫǵԤϡ
ǰǲ²ҪٻԪʥɾʦпܳʦ⾪ϲ̫ͻȻˡ
ŹϣԺѧԺͻӵʹɵƷɵ˵ⶫʵ̫ƣȫǿ󣬾ŹƷɵһƷɵĵĲ϶ѧԺܸġƷɵƣƷӦòѰɡ
ȻѧԺĵҩгֿˡ
ǿһ
ϵͳ˵ӦǺţƵһǿȥסˣǾȻһӡ
ǳ˰죬ôô֡
ϵͳⲻȹǰѰŽȰɣ
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һѵǶʹǰѣ
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ǰǷڶʹ̫Ͼõģ̫ϾĵͯҲǽǴ͵½磬ȳĻ棬նҪ·ӡ
ǰȻ˵ˣȹǣɮʦͽɽʱĻ
֪ӵ̲סѯʵϵͳʲôģ
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ã̫ˡ̲סϧϵͳģȻˡ
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Žȣǽȥұ鷳ˡ
ǻȡŹϵġ񶴴ɰҪЩȵǣ⾹ȻһͨĹŹӵʦͲˡ
ϧŹʺеѧΪҵѧǿԺúһ¡ţȻʼٻ
ȻϹأһѪȥǰͳһͷͷȻŹϡ
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ʲô⣿
û⣬˰ɡ
ǸϵͳһȻſŹϣѧԺԺǣʦӭѧԺְ
ŹԺҲܸ˳ΪѧԺʦ
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̲סЩȤпյǿǣһô׸ôţһͷСë¿


1173 ͽ⣿
ǰŹϰźãӰһǺ֮С
ʼоǰŽȡ
ⶫ̫ѧԺоһÿܾͰѧԺյĹͺͺˡ
һǹע뵽˰Ž֮УֻⱾֻͨͩҶСİŽȣһ±ŽҶСˣƺܸ
˿ǰԥһ˳ȥ
ʱֻ˳ȥЩϯǺӼѿռľϵڻˣЩʯʲôģһӴǱյʣˡ
̲סһ£Ҫһӳһȹȥ˵ܰһյĸɸɾ
߽ױﲻ߽ױѧԺ˵ǿǺ鱦ˡ૵֤Žȵ԰ѱˡ
˼һ£ǿʼͨ־
ԣȴֻܿ־ˡ
֮Уܵǵٻ˳
־ۣʵ
ǵġӴΰӰڣȻ˿ĸ顣
ǿǰĵ־𾪣Ҫﾳ׵ʵ⻹ովѶѣٹȶ϶Ҫһס
İΣԺͽˡ
ҵΣӦԵֻⲿΣǵԻ޷֡
ǵ˵ͷʵе־ֻԸԼĵˣԼڲôչǲġҲûᣬЩԴڣ޷Щ֮ϡ
š
ǵ˵ͷ˼һʵҸоȶҲӵﾳ˾Ž׵ܣôøǿҲҪס۾С
۳һ£شеѣҪңڵʮУͬʱĽҲҪʮƿظԴ
ʮ˵ףˡ
ȣڲŶ˿ڣô˿ڹư˳ɶڸṩ֮ʮѾ޷ṩô˿ڡΣĽʮҪ̲ܱϰٸУʱϵʮˡ˵ʵһô໹治ѣѵõĽ򶼸ãȴǻû׼
룬ڵ㰲ȫɣȻڵȶ
ֺ˲ٵݣȷ˲ٵĶڷġ

֮ٴó˱ȵһضָһ˿
Ȼ˱壬ǾȴӸȿʼɣ˵ڱĲ֮ʱһˡ
һ͸ؿռ䣬ٴζλ˱ȣαȾȻѾ޷ˣΪĺô
ȥɱ֮ǰҪһѧԺ顣
ɾʱǵͨѶȻ½֮󣬳˰ˮӰ
ˮϣʲô飿Ц
ԺѾˣҪ㣬иҪ㣬ֻǴ·ġˮ˵ŵʱԵЩΣǼѾܲµˮ϶ǱģǸҪ·ˣƺǿҾܾ
Ŷʲôˣ̲ס
кߣ۾ĵӣҲ֪ôࡣˮ˵۾ʱԵܿˮЩµɫ
ôﶼ۾תɫ΢䣬۾˴УȻ˰ɡ
ԣ۾ʲôԴӳ̶ȣĲˣ϶ԼˣﻹõϺߣҲ۾ͽ۾˭ҲҲ
ʲôǸ㲻ֱʵ
̽һǸߵĿڷ磬ӦǴ壬ѧԺͽġˮԥһ£ʵ˵ʱԼţͽʲô˼ǻǴűˡ
Ǻǡ̲סЦˣ֪򲻹˾ͽ⣬ȥɣǶѾ¾˱壬Ϊȥǧ񱨳
Ǹ߹ʱƢҲˣʲôߣֻҪǵ۾˭˭
⡭ⲻðɣ߿ﾳ˽׵ʵˮ˵ţĸƺֱ
ʲôõġŶǰȷʵͦΪѵġǳ˼һ£ҲЩ嶯ˣȻǱ͵ģǻҪȿô˵
Ǿ̫ˣԺˮҲýˡ


1174 ϼ
Ǽ˲ƾǣʶһɨҵ˰ˮ
Ժлл⡣ˮǣм˵
ѣӦõġЦЦΪ⣬ⲻһС¡
ԣѡˮʱҲЦˣõǵֻشеһжֵˡ
Ǻģǿ˿Χص⡣
˽˷ɴ档ˮָָϣЩΡ
ӵͦ󡣡һͽģȥ㣬̬ôĺô
ڲǷʱ򣬻ҪȻ˵
ӰһͳշȥһֱǵĴ㣬ǰһҳԼ׵򼶷ɴ
ϸҷɴɫһͷޣǺ棬ƺŻһжɵ
ڷɴĴͷһֵĵܣϸ̻ܿĺȻ֮д˵ʮ֮һǿڣǿһ˫۾¶ɭɭĹâ˲ֱӡ
΢΢üܰǿΪԼͼڱ־߾Բࡣ
ϧʱ䲻㣬ȻԵһߡ
λҼѾڵˡһڣԴ⣬ֽŶצһ˳ӺȻŻ羳Ž۷Ϊ
վĿ˿һۣȻתͷƺЩм
ԺǽȥúߵȼˡˮҲЩǻᷢŭæǵ
áǵ˵ͷ̡
ŷɴȥܿһ޴ķ䡣
棬һ߳ףɫ̣Ųٺɫۼ׵ĴЦΧʮ߸ĽɫŮЩŮű¶ƣƴź
ߡˮӣһ羳СƤȫսսġ
ܺãĲ˵ǰѧԺϵģѧԺԺһˡҲǺЦǺǵҺѧԺԺеҪ̸һˣ̸òʱҲǰô
⻰˵ĵǴ֪ĻΪߺܴء
ϸһ룬̸ĲкôҪ̸ĲУƲкô廹Ҫŵù
Ǻߣǿ˿ԷЩ⣬ˣȻ׼λӶûУ߻һ㶼ûа
ҡЦЦЩ澣Ժøλôôûɫ
ˣǲ᲻ôŮߴߴǸŲһλó
Ҫˣ˵Ǻͽ⣬ҵôͽⷨǻ˻֣һȺλãȥˣǲ衣
ʵɣҲʲô˼ҾҲʲô£岻׷ɱѧԺѧôѾɱ˱λ羳ôˣţҲǱͱգҲѧԺ׬ˡЦǺǵ˵
ЦߵǺܻϡࡣ
˿ɲôġ
ǧĹأǾͲˣǷʵ
ڵ˿ڣǧļʲôֵһôʱ򲻸ˣ˾ƣһ˶úܡˣ˵ҿһǵŮͦģߵʱҼ߼һ͸˵ӣʱǵѾɱ
߲бһҪŮˣ
˼Ǳʲô븶ͽ⣿̲סЦˡ
ϾΪֹռ˵ĶѧԺôˣҵϣ͹ȥˡǺȾơЦǺǵһҵӺֵǮӡ
ӣǵЦݲˣȻ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ô⣿ҲǷľƱüͷ
Ȼ⣬ϼΪʲôҪӣߵڹĽ򣬲ȻѧԺٶһˡ
㡭㾹Ȼ˵֪˭ôˢվһķŭһǧ꣬澺ؾĿ֮ҶҪͿġ
ôˣǲмǲ֪νҲ¸㣬ӱɱǧĹʼǼˡ
ŲھͰɱˣѵҲɱĸɸɾ⻰ˢһӾһѽֱָߡ


1175 ôߡ
һû뵽ǸҶν
ˣǸڿЦ˵һ仰Ŀܻ֡
ʱľҲˣŷǾȻﾳΪ뱱
̲סǳһ亹˽λѧԺԺֻǰ벽ﾳΪʱ򣬾ﾳҵս
ڣ¶ΪѾﾳˣսǿǲѾﾳ߰˽ˡ
ʱ򣬺ЩԲ׼ˣˡ
ӹؼǣ֮⾹ȻĹǿϢ
ϢȻ˿һϢɨȫˡ
ãѧԺȱҵҪĶ࣬ĺǰλԺ֣϶˵Χ߻ôȻɵӣΪҪѹѧԺһͷԲô޼ɵģڿô£ʱʱ
ӣϧԼС
ҰԼոյĻظһô۶źߣɱˡ
Ժ԰꣬ᣬᡣʱæ˿ڷ磬ҲһмˣǺͱֵܲģողҺȶˣ˵ģ֣֣
˵ģǺɵʱߵǸ߿һۣһĺܣ鲻ԣһӾܱŧҲ϶Ҳһʱҧһڡ
лᣬߡ
ǵĽʵȺ߸ӵĲҶ֣ȻսɵನܵΧļΪɻҡ
ǵģᡣЦǰѽˣҲһ
ǾͺãܲǺܻӭ㣬ˡǻ˻֣Űˮ뿪˺ߵķɴ
ߺ󣬺ߵϳɫ
ܴ裬ѾڿôѧԺˡ
ǳ˷ɴͷ˿ˮĺ󱳶ʪ͸ˣȻǱŵòᡣ
ˮϣôЦЦȤ
ôڣǿߣǰϵô꣬ҲͳһߣһˮʱصЩˣȻԺ߶ôǿӲѵĲºߵʱôֻǽôҲ벻ģȻǺˣ
ʲôΪѧԺѣұ֤ǰ֮ڿ϶ֵܳڶλߡЦЦһĳŵˣʵиСҲͦãʲô飬Сǻǰͨ籨š
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1176 
߻Ǽβ뿪˵Ľ򣬿˺Զ֮ǲġ
ۣԺﾳ߽һʱ֪ͨҡӦֱӰﾳڵ֮⣬Щ˾һ˵ڵûеһʱƷǵ֮ںǱͻᵼ
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ǶĶ͵աûˣֻһ
õġǿǰСͷ𾪣ΪܷٶȾǻ߶޷󼰣ɴ沼ǿķƣһƿɴ涼ԻװãǿƿܷҲֻ÷Ķһͬٵ
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ԵȡŮӿʼѯʮ֮󣬻ظںߵ鱨Ϊÿһļ۸񶼲һҪһģ


1177 ռ
̲סЩȣ鱨ǻ棬ʲô𣿡
Ů΢΢һЦ͵ǵһռ乺鱨ʵռĹһ鱨ǷּģϾֻǼ򵥵Ĳѯһ¶ԷϢȫҪ˽ôϸ˵˽Ҳһܿɳܵ飬ô
뷴Ůһ٣Ȼ㶼֪˿ɳܣǻ鱨ⲻԼԼô
Ůʱƺǵ˼ЦȻ˭г𡣡
ıŮӵĺƤˣôеǰɡ
Ůӵ٩Ǽ֮ڿʼһ鱨ּñģһ֪ģ˴֮е飬ֻҪһʱ䣬ǿԲ鵽ģȽϱˡ鱨Ͳô֪ˣһֻЩĺ˲֪鱨Ǿ͸ˣֻбԼܵ˲֪ȻֻǱԼΪġ
ǵ˵ͷõǺ˼ȻʲôⶼҪӲа
ŮӿƺЩȤȻֻһģʱ漰ر˽鱨ϢҲļ弶Լߵʮһÿһļ۸񶼻ܴͬʱرڵ鱨ҲһҪ˶죬¶졣
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ǶЩǺܹעԺͨ緢ϢһǺܲϧĸĸΪ˪ҲûͻƵ羳Ȼһ˾ûµʱ򣬾ǧ꣬Ҳܺúõˡ
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Уһʮ鱨ѧԺ¼ոնɱλߡ
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ؼǺߵ鱨ôңɲҪʧСǻعЩࡣ


1178 һ
ѧԺ鱨ߵ鱨Ͷöˡ
ϾһǧߣϿ϶вٵܡ
ǹ鱨һͶͬʱ͸ռǸŮӴһһ鱨ֻҪ΢һ¾ܲ鵽ȥĻп϶кܶò׼ģռ乺ģʵԵõ˱֤
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߿֪ʱѾ죬׼׳ɱﵡ


1179 磿
װ˼Ƭ̣߻ڵѧԺ̫ҵӶʵǲ֪ôѧԺһսҵҲԸṩһЩ͵Ǻúýѵһ֪ߵغѧԺҲΪԼˡ
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ʵѣ˵ūó׹˾ΪѧԺ飬λҲǻ̻̲գҵǵѣǱνһپһҲλߣľѧԺʦֹĸⲻаλˡߵһЦôߣټ˷ɱͼ˵ѧԺԱҾӦô´˰ɡ
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Цһ˷ɱͼǵˣѧԺĸȻ޻ء
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ľʱЩȣǱ¼İ취ɣò˵ǼμǼǻ۵ġֱҺ߻ȡ˷ɱͼ֪ҪĴۣ˵ģ϶ᱻ߸ݺݵթһʣڲѴ֮ѴͼŪ֣Ǻ߾ռ˱ˣֶʵ
ȹһЦ¼ȷʵȲ˵ˡľߣ黹ΪǱ屣ܡ
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ţҪ𱱳壬ҲǺѧԺܾ֮󡣡ȴ侲Щ˶˽ôơ

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1180 ϵͳҪ
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ǶʱˣϵͳҪ
һȥĺôŶԷҪȥⲻɵʲô
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Ȼϸ룬ԼʵûɶƻǺˡ
Ǳߣ˸һ顣
ѧԺԺôüͷԼԲȥ룬˭ȥ˭⡣
֪Ҫǲ˵ǣϾѹѧԺľߺٺһЦܺãȻЩˣǺŪһϵЩǿԵġ
ֻҪеӣѧԺ˾Ϳ϶˭Բ⣬˷ʱ䡣ߵʵʩƻԼ̶Ҫˣ˭֪壬ƫƫԼģв߾
Ǿʱ򣬱ȴյһϢȻһЩš
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ʱһһֲŵĿǵڸոգѧԺѧԺԺӦ룬֮ǰ͡
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ǶʱЩ⣬ݼгΪӰ۵ǱʣΪԼԺ


1181 
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ԺߺǻػѧԺġ
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浱ڽôҿ϶һȺʦ
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裬Ƿģ֪ԼʲôǷ˿ӣĸЩġ
Сǣǰ˵ԽԽ㡣ЦЦȴԵЩɰͰ͵ġ
裬ˣҾ͸ǽװɡһҵʵȻֻﾳһף߾ҵսȴǿΪģĹΪ⣬ĲҪȼ壬۾Ҳֵ˺á˵ΪֹҲͽҦһΣ
˵ͷĶˡĸЦЦˣԷϧ˪ڣȻһҾˡ
˪һֱѧԺĲҵҪȽæû취顣裬ҪǱȽĵĻԳȥߣϵ֮кܶطķ羰ܲñһЩ壬ӵԼصĻЩȻ࣬ȴҲֵ룬¸ĸʵ̫ˣŽ
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˵˰ɣҪȥһһȥ֪ܻܲôҲҪԼŸ𡣡˵
ô˵ҪǻزʱҾȥ㡣˪ʱһ䣬ˣҲĸо
ЦģŵģǼСһǼæǵһο˪ˣʱǼæתƻ⣬ףⲻСèŮŰôŮʮ˱䣬ԽԽÿΪվŽˣҲȶͻƵ⾳⡣
Ժ˼ҶһǧˡŰЩε΢졣
Ǻǣè㡭ǿЦá
Űｻˣѡ⼸ҹ˾źǹͨһ¡˪˼һ£ȻˣȻǲܼˡ
õģϰŰţѧԺԺģѧԺĲҵȻҲԺģϰû
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죬ˡ
һȥռ䣬Ųٹꡣ
˲ϵŲȥ˱С磬СǺ֮УײǱĵڶˡ
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⻰͸ռ䣬˱С֮С
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ԹǵĿ֪ǵĿֲ
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ڵף˵ǱҲôôһûпһΪҹ˸ʻҼеӭŮﺰҪӣеĺҪҴ󱦽һ϶ҰķУҳֵܣû뵽ʵĲô󡣡
Ժʲô뷨ʱɫת䡣
ʲô뷨Ǵ˿һΪص˵ڿԿ϶һ壬Щ˵ǶԵġ


1182 һаˣս
ЦˣѧԺԺһֺȡ
ɣ
պһ֮иߵӰ
ǿǣЦ
ܺãıȣգ죬һߡߣūó׹˾ĸߺߣѧԺĵǴˡ
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ѧԺԺͿԺѧԺ̸ˡ
ǺѧԺˣѧԺҪ͡
˶ܵ⣬Լ뷨
ǲ֪˵ʲôãȷңһᷭôΪֻﾳһ׵ΪͲǵĶ֡
ҿѧԺԺһϲ漣ˡ
ܻⱲڵһ飬ôǡ壬ԲˣôǾͨҩǾΪѧԺꣻūó׹˾ôɢɣһˣ϶Ǳɡ
ǷˡȳҪϻˣ׼ôãھͷ
á
Թ־ܰɣ
˸ͬʱǣ޽ڲ٣Ȼ˸һ
һת࣬һ嫵ɺӣÿһϸһ֧
մӡ
ȹĸߣһƾ˳ȥ
һƹᴩգ̺ſֲ֮ǴĹġ
ʴ
߷һתΪħҪضʴһ
ĵʴܸ֮֮ʴ
䣡
һ죬ձ飬մӡֱӰѶħץΪƬеǹǺ֮
߲ţһȻ赭дǵʵȻ֮ϣԲ顣
ǻԭ
Цһ˫ִһɾΪȼס˸ߡ
߲ţû뵽ǻ˻֮ҽ
Ѿǿķŭѣһץ֮Ͱǵɻյˡ
˵ĹʱҲˡ

Ҫ̴ǵ塣

ʱֻ૿ڣȴ˲ʧȻ˸ߵλãǳλá
ŵɫ԰ף겻壺ס֣ңⶼʲô
ռҲһ֣ǹѾˣôסġ
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ŭޱȣǰ˸ΧǣȴǱŪ֮У˿óȫʵ
ֻȫ˽⣬Ȼ˳֮ɫ
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̧ȥȴǱֱ˦˳ȥ
ô
ֱ飬Ѫȣʱ򱱳ȼ˹ȥ
ɫĴţֱؿڡ

ЦһΪģĿռ侧ϵѳѨˣռ۳һƬƬ棬̻ŵģЩģÿһֶҫȻ׷˳بľģɲǼ䣬䡣
һŴ֮ϣǾߵ塣
ܣ
ȲҺĹȻסˣĽŴ˿̶ٲȻĽ֮֮ɢ
Ҳһ
ȿ˵֮ǿˣȵһƲǵķֻܡ
һ뵽ʲô޵Уǰ֮޵еġ
˶ɫﾳһ׾ʵǰ˵ʲôһִڡ
ôǾ͹Թɣ
Ƕˣ˶ȭͷأȭͷϣ֮һжΡ
ȭɱаħ
ʥʮǧȭӰ鲼С硣
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˼ֱǸ̥첼󡣡ߴˣ˿ȶסˡ
ԣ󣬲ð˷ɱ󷨡ľҲǺ
˷ɱʱһȷʱӰ貵Ĺâ߸ҲǷ׷׶ʱ԰˸λγһص磬СΪСıԴ֮˵Ĺһ𣬾ɱһУߵǬ
һʹ󷨣û


1183 ñţ
˭ͨ󷨲˵оѧԺҪԶԶ浱ǰˮ׼
Ͼ棬ȻҲУֻСڱȽĽ׶Ρ
󷨣ûӦõ档
֮⣬ӵ漶ԣһ󷨰ǰܸܿƵ
ԣʲô˷ɱ󷨣˻УˣȫһЦһ
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Բѣ˷ɱס۾͵۾ȲԶˡ
ɱ
˼ֱֲԲȻɳǾӵ֮еκεطҲҪնɱ
˵ţͬʱ߶󷨡
ֻ˸˵Ĺ۵һ飬һֲ
ǻӵߵ֮ʵܻ֮еĻףɱκߡ
һȴһϲúãҵ
׵ޱȾӵд֮¯֮УԼӿ¯תΪ¯
ʱһ¯Ӱֳűڵſھһ̡
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ӡһǾŵļæӴܣͷȥݣʱһ̶סˡ

ľ߿Ӵܣ֪ǸոסǣҲһɱǣǴһɫ١
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ʱ򻹵ʲôǳ˴ʱϯأеһжȼ
Сľϵ濴ȥС綼ֳˣұͨͨġ

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ңˣʲôô˲𡣡
ۿɼģߡһߡ˸űճ˻ҽ
ȵ۾ˣΪʲôôıĻ֮ⷨҪⲻƽǱ壬ˣ
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磬˻֪ô£ΪǱȷء


1184 ðѧԺ³
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Ц¯ɣ
һɺ嫵ֹ֮ȥ͵ؾͰѽ˽ȥȻ¯֮еĻ滩һȼ
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ȼ߷ʹĺУ屻ٵȼյΪҲǲ⡣
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ǿԽռ䣬ȭͷǺ˹ȥ
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ϵ֣֮
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ǵ˵ţȴûκһ˸Ļ


1185 ϵ
ǿ̫ǿˡһ߲˵һ׵ɱ˰˸ΪԼߵߣϵԹûгֹ顣
ѧԺԺԺܵһԼĴڣе۾ǿߵȻ˭ǡ
ˣūó׹˾Ҳˣˡ̾˿Щ汻ɱѧԺ֣Ҳһϡ

ˣˣˡһӽ˵
ô£ˣüѧԺԺˣǱץˡ
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ʲôһаˣа˷ɱͼ£ѱǸɱˡܡһԼȫʲô
ǧȷ˵ѧԺԺһоͰѱȸɱˣ˶ˡӼæ
̫СѧԺˣ̫Сˡߴ˿ָ̻侲Ȼ¶һɺ֮ɫȵȣȻǶˣôĲƸܱ˱ˣȫҰɡ
ˡӾȵȻǾϲ֣ѧԺ϶ûҵĲ֮أȫһ
ߣ˵ţӣ˺ѿռһط
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ˣⱱȷʵˡ
ţҲߣѧԺĿǰǲˣѧԺԺ֪ҲҵĲ룬ҲŹҡ

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ոҵõϢѧԺԺһаˣɱλūó׹˾λλԼһλǰԮߣưλϵĿɽ´һһ˵ڵȫɵˣֻһ뷨Ǿôܡ
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ģǧȷɽ´ЦԺ˵ģҩгԺ͹ˡ
ǰٴˣϵǰʮǰҩ˾ˮѾ״Ρ

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˲ã˲ãŶãǸѧԺԺڶʵô֮૵ȻɫЩ˵ϵԺٳһλˡ
ʦⲻ̫ܰɡؾ֮˹Ȼ֪ΪжôѣϵһԪѳһλǿߡ
ǾĿԴɡ֮ЦЦ˵ʲô

ѧԺ֮У˿ѾһƬڡ
ӮˣӮˡЦһ£ѧԺż죬죡
ѧԺꡣѧ
ѧԺҪϵˣҲҪһ¥ˡյϢʱ򣬸о˶ڽڽʸߣﵽһּΪֲĳ̶ȣЩ͵ˡ


1186 ƺ
ǡ
֮£еҲõϢ
Ĺ԰ԷһĹ߱ǣȥڡ
Ĺ԰ڣһʯʯдľԼһѪ֡
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쿴¹ˡ֪˭һ˶ǿ˹ȥ
ʷԵһ̣ȥ񣬶ͬǵ
ԴѾˣᣬٴǿһµľģ˼㱣֤õ˵ӵ

һ
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ҪһѧԺҪԵ֮꣬ڣ已⾳ϵ˶ҪѧԺӼܡڶǵڽ֮ҩԭԭҪͳһõĳɸѧԺĳɸսɲǵġ
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ģʱѧԺɵġһЦ浽Ǹʱ򣬵Ʊ˵ѧԺˣǸЬ䣬˭ѵ
лˣ߼
ллԺɣվȻһӴȴǱ˳ΧĿռ飬ŵǶǲ
ˣǣһǳô
ѧԺ̫ԶˣѧԺҲʣɴҾͰǰҡһЦһɳ죬Ȼһץ򶼵ģһˮ

ͬһʱ䡣
աҲڴɨūó׹˾ϧڵһʱ˾˾ӵĲˡ
ҲѧԺõһȾ޴ĲƸѧԺЩĻۡ
ǳûں棬ܱĵ̣ѧԺɽڣ˭Һʮ֮УҲֻһֻ۱һֻۣɰҩг
ʱǣѾȡˡ


1187 ҷ
ڱ񣬽ࡣ
ֻ츳ƬԼһɷؼ
츳Ƭ˵ѧԺܱ󣬲ѧһʵ̫٣ҶһҪҲ̫ߡ
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ܲϲ͵ĹھǵҲܷŹڵ塣
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Ͼǳܴһ棬ʵҲֻħ磬ģ̫󣬻˵һǧħһֱȥܰһǧ硢Ԫ磬汾Դɵɱ˸ǲڻ¡
ħǼǿġ
𹦷˼˰죬ѧԺֹ˲ʮ
һѧ棬һ
뵽üͷѵŹΪ׼ģôĹûгɹǲǾء
һֱڹע֪ڵ⣬ʱûһĹ»ܾܿͻȥһ겻
յĵһѧȻҲע˸С
ûаֻ˲аѧԺѧкܶ಻㣬ΪԺߵһ;
ǳ˼һ£ȥһļѧԺûΣӦڼĸס

ҵլܵ򼸾ǨﻹȻԭķò
裬ôôˣôõĲҶóˣҼǵϴҵһͬѧ㶼ûóԼɶʱôˡ
ʱյϢԺҪǼҡ÷Ц
ԺҪˢһվֱӣЩš
һƭ㣬˵ҪҷãʱҿҪúѧԺı֡÷вʵȻ֪һЩǻ治ôϸϾǸΣѾ÷ͨܽӴˡ
ŶӦһЩĲ
ͻȻЩ֪롣
ʼϸ˼ǲԼѧԺʲô飬Ǻûаɡ
ڶ
̡
ǣӦԺˡ
̣㻹ǽǰɣҵĳְչˣ鲻
˵ģҪľж㣬Ͱҿ
ӦõģѧԺѧһġ
ҿɼˣҸݱ裬ȥղˣһһԸ
ãõġ
ǿ÷ô飬Ҳþܾ
˵ܽӴѧԺԺһٷǿǱȽӴ¶Ҫ򱶡
ǿȥæʱúġ
ôˣѧԺңԶԶġ
ûûС
˵ˣ˭£ǣ˿ȫԴǹ硣
̾һҲĨǣֱӵ˵ǲǿǶˣ
ûûʡ
ûʲôǲӺʾǼʣҳôǺȻȵʩչ˸ƣȻ÷϶͹ˡ
һȻֱֱĿǣоȻЩʪ
ô˵ˣǺߵڶʱĵģ˺ôһᣬڲŸҿڡ
ǣҼˣҾͼˡſǻƾʲôôŬȴǲԽԽƾʲôҺòͻһ磬ȴ׾ٵľܳңƾʲô
ס졣˵꣬ǾͺȶĻ㼵ʵɣɣڴʱ򣬾ܾҦǰɡ
ҡһ
ʲôޣˣûôǷʵ֪㸶˺ܶ࣬ѵûиô㵱˵ʱǼʹôˣ㵽ûΪʲôΪ˳ǣĶײɣɲЦ
ҾǰšſޡĬˣЩ΢ĲЩŤ
ԺǰҲܿޣˣϹˡǿ˿Ǳߣ÷ѾҪϲˣԹһҪ˵ԼҲú룬Ϊʲô


1188 ƫ
Ǳߣ÷ȻǶŲ˽
æһ㶼ûԺļӣǻûзӦƺ˼ǵĻ
һӲˣܷʢ
ǿһ£õĻǰϵЩʳģ÷ҲǺܻɵˡ
ʵϣֺγأ֮еߣǵ˷쾳Ҳ൱ѧԺɾ磬ѾԲÿʳǵΪǻÿĳԷϢдˣȻǴȥ¹ӣٲȻǰ⵱һϰߡ
÷飬Ҳܶ࣬ѯѧԺġ
СѧԺ

СŮô
ûУû˵ҪˣͰ˵ġ
С⺢ӡ
̣ôˣѾǺˡ
÷̲סЦȻЦЦžͿˡ
ʱҲ̲סٴ۾ʪ֪÷ô꣬Ϊ˺ܶࡣ
裡һס÷
Сˣˡ÷˿ӣţˣˡ
̲סһЦĬĬĳ˷
Ǵ˹
ģɢٵĺͯ׷֡
֮ǰ⣬ôͣ˽Ųһӣ˾һ硣
ִĿռ䣬ããһƬʲôûС
һĳǰȥɽˡˮˣȻһЩľܿͱһԴ
ҡΪԼҧҧش
ôЦƺ𰸺ܲ⡣
Ҫ衣֮ǰĻشʱ龰ٴθǰȻѾû˺ˣʹˣһϣ뿪ңҲϣһĵҪҲͬ⣬Ҫ
֪ˡǴ
ò˵Щ˽˵Щ𰸣Ȼġ
ѧԺѧҪػĲĳһˣȺǾӦÿѧӦеľ
Щ£չǺõġ̾Ķͷһ㣬ڡħǰһֹʹԺһµĹ
š˵ͷＤʼ
ϣɣһⱾʺҲûа취ˡ
ʮ֮
ٴԼС磬˿Щɫ
ԺҳɹˣɹˣʺĹֻʮ죬ΪͿҪͻƵ羳ˡǣ˷ܵ˵
ţҾͷˡʯͷǷˣȻԺЩȨǺĹҪԼһȻ츳ƬϣܰԼ츳ϵ
ӵѧԺʲٷ֮һķݶһͶĹأҲΥ
Ϊ˶һ츳Ƭʮ֮Ǳ쵽нˡ
ллԺЩѧԺдٵģҲֻһˡ
ȥɡǴ뿪С磬ֻôˣ˵ƫҲã˵ѧԺƶҲãֻϣ;

ڣԣ
һλ⽻ʹһŴԣĻʹȥ
ԣʴȺȫӭӣ˼ߵ
ԣʡλ⽻ʹһ裬Ŵԣһ
ʹˣԣЦǺǵ
ʹڣһȺ¡
һʱżɽԣĿֻһǾϣܴԣܲ
ԣһȻ֪ôһ죬Ҳ̫ˡ
üͷⲢʲô˼Ϊĸ
һҡͷǵûи
ԣ⻰ʱɫѿǸǾȫ̲
ԣһڸ߹٣Ҳɫ࣬ҲʧȥڵȨƺ͵λ
ԣɫ䣬ߵԣҵĻҵǾֱӶߡ
ǻһĺôһЦЦʾԣȲҪ
ʲôô
ȣǵһ༶Ĺ
ʲô༶ԣʶʱһ˶ˡ
֪༶в༶Ĺ˵һ۾磬ﾳкܴܵġ
ﾳΪںһССĴԣôôﲻٽһȴԣ
Σǻһ׵ԭװԼһĽԭһ
⡭ģԣʸоЩȦˣЩڵ㾡ԣĲƸһ򵽣ڵȴڰһ


1189 ̰
һ˵ͷǧȷ
һȴǺܲм˵Ļ
༶Ĺǣӱ塢ūó׹˾ԼõЩ༶аܱߵõĽʮǾﳬֵˡΪֻҪһܸΪߣΪ۾ǻ֮
Ժ󹦷ⶫҪռʲô༶ǵǸĶֵȼĹ
ЩԭԭЩǮ򵽣ǲֵһᡣ
Ҫ˿ڣǽЩĲƸĲ֦ĩڵĶ
һ²ӦòĻʵӦλԺ˵˼ҲֻеλԺĲ棬Ż
ǻбĺôôԣЩϣʵѾϣˣЩ㹻ȡԣˡ
һ㣬ڴԣ֮ΪЧŵԸһְλԺֲԾѡԱȻ㲻Ը⣬ڵĹƸȫߡһ赭˵š
ԣĹ⣬ڸϡ
ǵ㶫ǴԣҪߣãǴԣְ÷һ߿١ڵĵΪԼԱǿ졣ΪһΪ˵ĹԱǾҪմȾϵˣмӳɵġ
ҲΪԴܸȤѾĹԱҲǾҵҵ·ʲôְ
ԣסȥһƲϡ
һ˵ͷѡǺߣҲΪѣԼȥһ¹ĲƸȻǾͿԽˡ
ԣ֪ѧԺ磬¹ϣϲˮʹȥ졣
ɾʱһס˴ԣʣǴԣڸ׸ԣʣӦ˵
ôõѵҲôӦԣʷʵӦǾɵˣԣʲôõģһ༶
ǣҾõܸȡĶӳ
⡭ԣʹһ£ոȷʵЩôͷԣȷʵ˵ģȡĶ
һѾüͷԣʣôˣЩ
ԣѾ˼ƽϣջ̰սʤһУʹϸһ£Щ뻻ҵĴԣ
Ĳ
һ跴ʵɫ΢䡣
Ҫĺôԣʻ̰֮
ԣҧҧٲȻǴһߵڣҪĶ
㻹Ҫʲô
һԭ
ô
һݿͻƵ羳ҩɵҲС
Ŷ
һԭԣǵˡ
ԣʺ˺ģǰҪ˳
ԭǾһױԴ߶һȼı
ԣʴ˿̻֪һİԼ·
һȴԣ˵꣬վ
ԣֲõԤУû£ǰĴʹֻվΪ⾳Ž۷塣
һԣʣҿڣ˵ģǴԣЩȫΪūҲһԭġ
㾹Ȼ˵
ҪĶǵ󶯸ɸ꣬Բ㻹űˡ
쵰㾹Ȼң
ôˣҸ㣬Ϊ޴ŵȫϣԣʵĵɡ
ʲô
ԣ׻ʲô༶ԭװȫûˡ
ң֮Σ
ԣǶ֡
Ҫ֪ѧԺѧԺмλߵģ嶼ѧԺˣһ羳߶ûеĴԣʲô
ߣǡһŤͷߣо泩ˡ
㲻ߡȥ֮󣬾ͻϢߵʱ͸÷ˡߡֻҪйһߣҾˡԣץˣһ־ͳŷһץȥȻǷˣȴҲ֪ԼߣҲȡʱ䡣
Ѿɱ
ɴһݣȰѷһɱˡ
ȻߣʱҲδץõֻǿϧЩö
ĲĶھȻҶ֣ϧһȻͿڷһһ͵ػͷ۳ǳһľͰѴԣʸݺݵ˵ϣá
ǣ羳ߣ
ԣɫ֣̿۾ɵϴɪɪ


1190 ȫϵƸʦ
ԭϧȻûз֣붯֣Ѱ·ʲô
һ⣬ǱƭˡԣʱָϸոոὨڸ׸
ƭ㣬㡣̰֮ˣûº϶ҲᷴڵġĮôԣһƺһʱЩˣº϶ֻõЩҪࡣ
ҡ
ġ

ԣǲ뵽˵쳣˳ԣҲõӦеĳͷĹԱפʱ򣬴ԣĹеӭ
һ㣬Եóء
Ϊڲǿ󣬶ƶҲǵ߸ԵģܻøõԣĹ˻Ȼᷴԡ
ֻһʼʼٵ֮·
ʮ֮ڣĽҪʮ֮ڣʮ֮ڣʮ
֮ڣΪϵǰʮ
ǧ֮ڣΪϵʶϵ
£ڵǼڲ⾳Ѿһ򡣡鵭һֲܿݣһ̶ϴ˵ڵʵ
̫٣ϣһ֮ڣʮҳѧԺ֮⣬һ֮ڣҪԼĻ羳ߣĿʮˡѧԺѧȻ֪ѧԺĿֲôչҲѧԺĶǿߣǴһһҪУ²ܶѧԺ
£ˡ
ãȥҵƻܲܳɹͿˡվл˳ȥ


񵭵ĺŲ裬һɵӡ
˲豭΢΢һЦôʽҶ˼ˣɲ㣬ǲʲôҪҰæ
һЦʲô㣬ʥա
֪ݣ˿̸⣬пѧԺѧϵá
ֱ˵ɣʲô飿

һһ˵һ
֮ǰ齨߾ӣΪְֻ˷ţԱȫ˾ӡս֮УһЩԱı֣ʱ񻹼ǡ
ΪʲôͻȻ뷨һڲ裬ΪֻѪ϶иļƻ
ѧԺѧԺڴ󲿷Ǹ߲ʵģҲڵһһ峤ʢ˥ʲô
ǿߣױȵǿߡ
񿪿ڵ֪ıκ˶
ԳڵԴȽϳ㣬ҴרǿߵĵطһһѧѧĿ궨λΪѧΪλڷ쾳ɾ֮¡Ŀ궨λ˿ڣΪٷ쾳
뷨
̲סֱ̾ʣ˸ޡ
ѧһƸһЩѧԺҵѧְҴƸǣѧԺʦǰȥְȻֻǼְᵢ̫ʱ䣬ԺĻҲ½½֮Ƹǿߡ
ˡ
˵ͷ˼һµңȰ˵Ժ
˵ͷϾҲǱĴѧԺˣԺ˵һ£ʵ˵ȥ
֪ߣҲ
Һͬ뷨ϾҲΪ˵ãҾ͵мˣȥԺ˵˵
л
ѧԺ֮С
ǿ뷨̲ס
ȻֶΣԴһЩţԺҲԴԴϵǿߣʵҲǱѧԺѧˣбȽ˲ţȻᱻյѧԺ
ͬˡ
ǵ˵ͷ̲סһϲԺ֧֣ɾȫһˡ
̫ˡ
ˣһҪһϲûפذɣҰһ
ģ
š
ЦЦѧ뷨кõ⣬Ȼȫ֧֡
䣬ǾȻյϵͳʾ̲סϲ⡣
֧ȥһѧԺרƸɡ
ţܺãȷʵѧˡ
ȥǺ±ƣֻдţҪʮλսﾳʦȫϵƸʱڡһʮǼ￨ƣɷ츳Ƭʮݿ
ðɣţơ
Ϊɶѧʦ
һȫƸսﾳӵҲ̫˰ɡ


1191 ɽ
ǵڶ죬ѧԺͷһƸʦ֪ͨ
ݺܼ򵥡
ѧԺƸʦŮޣ䲻ޣ岻ޣΪﾳң˼Ʒ¼ѡ
һ¼ãš
԰ס羳߰ͻƵﾳﾳ߰ͻƵ۾
ÿһΣ١
ѧԺĿǰܹע̶ȣƸ֪ͨһ˵Ĺע
ֻǵʱжԣǾͲ˵ˡ
ȻʵûбϣƸɣʱԳ棬ܲһЩǿߵѧԺʦ
̫ںϵ
פأûпЦ
ţɣ
˵ţͿʼ֣һɺ嫵һץͰһŻץ
ǵʮСΪλԶǣû㹻¶ȵ£Ҳûе
С
һȣһСһС
һֿռѵǨƵʱ򣬵ǾǱġ
ߣ
ӰһץסŻٳֵʱ̫ϵΧ
ţͽˡ
ǵȻ˼ʲôأ
Ȼ۾һˣ
ֻ޴Ѹٿʼ仯һԲαһԲ׶ΣȻ仯ıһɽӣԼʮǧ
ϸɽϵ£ַΪʮأӦŴ˵ʮ졣
䵽ɽϣߵĴɽȻܲ⡣
ӵһߵʮأһĽˣһĻľˡ
СӡǺҲ½ˡ
վڵʮأ˫ִһӡֻһ澧˳ȥ
Щ澧ڴɽĸγһ󣬹ͨԪʳעɽ
ɽĵһءڶءһֱʮأԽԽŨ
úЩִһΧŴɽΧŨЩԽԽŨʮһ֮ϻܿɽ˶ʮ֮ϣȴǼʲôˡ
ɽɽƣɾ
æЩѾһڹȥˣڼе˷ľٶ˿ΧۼĶˡ
ԺδפأߵߣЩš
ţɽͽɽɣԺʹáɽʮأԽǳϣԽǳ㣬ʮû⾳ΪòҪȥȻ޶⾳Ҳ˶ãܻܿᵼʮϣûл羳ΪҪȥʮأﾳΪȥڣΪԣҲԪȻȽ׺ܸߣҲޱȲӣΪߣܻᱻȾꡣ
֪ˡ
ӦǵĿֲ
֮⣬ҺڸɽһЩñȿ־ĻþԵĹʯսս֮ġǼЩҲǺѡ
̫ˣȫλ˲ˡ
ģȻѾһЩľȴûκ飬ͽˣһЩԼģȻȻŵģԺȫȫǺúȥһЩʲôģת
ģͽˡӦĻеġ
ţǾ˵ţһѾʧ
ʱͱﲻסˣѸٵ˸ɽ
̫ˡ
óԣ°빦
ȻϣҲӣʮһ֮ϣͨվѡ
Ҳϸ鿴ɽԱͬмλĹԱ
һֱ˵ʮأͣ˽Ų
޷ȥˣѾоӵһ֪ĸԪʵ̫аˡ
ܺã֮ǰȰʦˡ
ţ߿ԳһЩʦؼʦҪѧԺ
ѧԺȥһˡ
ѧԺ齻λ´
õģ¡
ѧԺ֮Уƺ֪Ѿڵˡ
ɽܲԺǷ˴ġ
֪
ʦˣ
š
ѧԺܳʦҲ࣬Ҹһ飬ɽȻ֮أλǾҪߣûл羳ΪͱʲôʦˡһͳһرģһЩ羳ߡﾳΪѧרһ¡
뷨ܲҪֿо
ͶˣٸǣرģлѧԺΪѧԺѧǻϽ
оǷѧԺ
̲סЦ


1192 ˪ͻ
ǻȥ֮󣬿ʼæ顣
ͻƵﾳǻкܶѧΪͻƵ羳ĹؿڣҪæ
뵽ģȻ˪
˼һ£ӰһԳ
˪һֱɺϵǴ˿
λԳԳüͷϾûϢоѣȻӣûˡ
ʶࡣǳԳĻʹȥ΢΢һЦ
Ϣģ˪ҡ
˪Ȼ۾֮ŷ˾裺ôˣ
ͱס˪ţɡ
˪Щ
Ȼö˵һҹСʤ»顣
ա
Ǵ˪֮УԳ涴ΪĹǾҪףʵ涴Ҳǿռһ֡
˪ͷҲЩȴǲ֪ͻơ
ȴй֣ϴι͸оҪͻƵ߾ˣһݿΪһ£Ҫͻƣ֮С֮оγһСĳ涴ƣʱͨ涴۰ȻҪǿ
Ҹô
˪ЩڴȻͻƣ϶Ѿ׼
ܼ򵥣ھհ塣
˵ţ˺˿ռ䣬Կһŵİ
Щ޷Ŀռ䣬ȻͻˮһüΪĲȶֱɢ
Ҹղ˰ųЩ
֪ԾҪеûΪ
⡭ô
˪ЩţûΪ⼸ȫѪһ
ȻԣʲôһΪֱתΪֻڻûַѡǵհһа취ģС׳ɣ
䣬Сҡӷɵ˪ǰ
ռ棬Сס
ǵġ
ǵоһ£ʵСյǰҲ֪Ψһһհ飬Сװæ壬ʲô¡
̫ˡ
˪ޱȣһӭж⡣
ǾͿʼɣ
á
˪ӦѾϥ
СףͽˣΪ˪ĵ밵壬һ֮еɵһһţû
֨֨
СΪһ˪ĵ
ʼ
һ£С׿ʼ
ͷϵĴǷһӫ⣬ܿʹͨһ˪ﵽռͨ
Ȼһİͽ˪ĵ
ʱҲתͨʼ˪ЩתΪΪһЩС
ڣת
š
˪ǿƴ߶İȻܼѣǿܴ߶ġ
Ű֮Щ涴ܵ˸٣Ŀʼۺֱγһų涴ơ
ݵĹȻֺֻҪ涴γɣ˪ĵһ΢͵İռ䣬еطɴˡţȡס˪ҪͰӴһ𣬲Ȼ෴壬˵ĵٵ
ʱĹȥһ졣
涴ԪѾȫˣСףͣˡ
֨֨
СײʱֻЩ˪֮еİȫ˪ĳ涴Ԫ֮ϡ
ɹһ룬ֻһˡ
һ
˪ʵоüˡ
ԼͨһӰռĳ涴ȡ
Լ
ԣ
ԡ
˪˵ţ۾ȻͿ֮еĳ涴ԪȻһС
ԽԽȻǴͨĳͨеϡԿһ嫵Ŀռ䣬Ǿǰռ䡣
ܺãԺаռΪ
Ҹоˡ
˪ѾҪ˵ʲôˣʱԼʼذһŵİ壬һתЩתȴ֮ͨеһ涴Щ涴ھľ˵Ѫܡ
ϵհ֮еĳ涴ƿʼѸٱ
Ȼ䣬һĸо
ͨÿһطҲתΪ˰
ȷе˵Ӧǰռ
羳
ţ֪˪羳⣬涼ҲһҲӡ֤һ롣


1193 ̫
ʲô룿
ʵܼ򵥣Ǿǹؼ
һеľ磬ΪǷ򣬶Ҫ˭İأ˭һС
˪ǻ羳ôʵ˵治һǡ
㼶ﵽˣǻ羳ӵл羳սǻ羳ֶΡ
ĳɹˣ
˪Լţ˵ͻƾͻƣʵ̫˼ˡ
ǲһЦȻģ߶ǰ϶ȱӵиֶΣԼúôĦһ£ܾðкܶá
š
˪˵ͷȥ
ʱȴ˳ȥ֮ڣ¯ȼյļ˪ȫΪͻƵﾳ׻ǲࡣ
ô˵أ˪⣬֮ǰҲֻ⾳Ž׵ΪЩҲǿġ
˼һ£ӰһԳ
ԳüͷֱӾ͵Ĺͨͨʲôô
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Գ߶ʱĵһʵɽӡ뷨ˡ
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ǰ
˪Ҳǵ˵ͷоⰵȻǿ̫࣬ðûԶԶЩ


1194 
˪ûдĦֶΣǽƾЩʵѾѧˡ
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̫ˣǿվаʮһӵв֮
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1195 ֮ĵ
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ʱһУóƷһһԴʯһĸߣ̺а壬ƷӦþת춨л
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1196 ͨԪ־
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ǣԺ
֮ܲӦһ
ȥ֮ǰҪһ£⽭ϴѧʦ϶ǵȥˡ
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1197 ֮

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⡭
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1198 ҪѧԺԺ
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ѧԺӦƸȷе˵ӦѰӡ
ŪЩ֮ϲһЩ֮ɫһ˾ȻҲڵţӲС
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Ҳǻ羳ߣѧԺʦģҪѧԺԺ³ʱ˶̲סЦ


1199 Ƹ
ǶЦʲôЩϡ³ȷŭΧ
ЦʲôЦ̫޴Ϊ׵ִץס³ȵؿڣͰɣոǸѧԺԺ˵Ҫһͽ̣¹Ҳһꡣ㻹ڿ˵ѧԺʦģǹЦġ
ѧԺԺ³ֻоԴ˵һ˾֮ɫ
ߣȰץȥȥٺúдһ
ǣӳ
ǹƣŰļһͲܿ
ֻʱȴǷѾˡ

ڶ죬ɽ
λߣһŮ׼ʱǴ˿̻֮С
ǸоǸǴôҸо߶޷ƿӳҲֻʮ˸߼ĻǴ
ֹˣ˵һػ־Ĵڣʵ־ļ֮£Ҹ˵ڶҪݻ򣬻һʱ䱻ػ־ɱһҲǵһ
ȻӦþѧԺġŮ˼𾪡
ӭλĵ컹λߣû뵽ֻλˡ𣬴ӭ˳ѧԺԺ֮ǰҺϵ
飿һ¾ˣֻ⾳ŽΪȴǾЩ̫ˡ
飬λûô£һӺ
϶ûпţǸһ³ȣɣһͽ̣Ѿץˡ΢΢һЦ
һҲס³Ƕ֪ģΪôûԣͱץ˼
ҪǸȤĻԺ˽һ£ڸɡˣǰ͸¶һ£ǵֻһأǾԺԣԺǾǿԣǾͨˡ˽˴
ڵڿտҲûһˡ
λԵȣԺϹ
á
Ҳ˵ʲô֪ѧԺԺߣǵһҲӦõġ
ʮӺ˺Ȼִ棬Ȼһˣȴ޲Ƕʱǳһ亹
ţ⡢ŵŵǡȡһ£˵֡
ǡӦվ
ǰ˰֣ʾ£ҿһύϣְɣҲԱһ´ռ乺ĹǵϣֻЩġ
һɫ΢䡣
ǼǼȻԣҲϿǵƸԲĿ϶޷ͨԣԿ⣬˼㱻̭ˡ
Ϊʲôˢһվš
ռϣ¾һ壬ΪһֽĶ԰ͻƵ羳Լ棬ЩҾһƭΪҲѧԺƸʦƷҪ󡣡
ֻΪͰ̭ˣ
ǵģ뿪ˡ
ǰֻһӵ壬ǲףΧɱҵġ
ٽˣ߰ɡ
ҿŰ벽ﾳΪѧԺһʧ

ѾЩˣÿҲҶ˵ʲôæǱ죬Ȼ˳ȥ
һļһǳʲôԭǶʲôøС
ʱҲ˱塣
Ȼ˿ʣµˣôû⣬ȻҲմ˲Ѫɾ
ŵŵǺ⻰һ
ʸһأͨˡ
󣬻֤һǵΪɡ
ǡ
ӦһѾ任ʱգǺ֮С
ŵŵǣĽ˵óʼҷɡ
á
ŵŵ֪ǿ飬Ҳɣ
˲䵽ߣһȭǺ˹ȥٶȺܿ졣

ǵ˵ͷȴɵؾ͵סŵŵǵĹ
ʮ
ʮ
һ

һǧ
ŵŵǲϵعѾһ亹
ӿʼڣ֮£ȫóĽ򣬿ȴǵ½Ƕû
ؼǣǻΪѹƵһ㼶
ҡˡ
ŵŵɫ԰ףͣ
㲻˼Ϊǻ羳߽ףǿսҲֻܴﵽ羳ŽףȫﲻѧԺƸҪ󡣡
Ҿ֪
ŵŵǿЦŽҶҪˢˡ
һǾһᡣȴǻһתŵŵ͵ؾһ̲סϲ


1200 
΢΢һЦѧԺȱʦвٵԼ飬Ƹһŵŵ㲻ʲô
ؼǣ鵽ŵŵǾȻһ˿նλߵ¼ǳݣѧԺƸʦĵһʱ䣬ǰμԡ
лԺŵŵѾ
ţһߵţһҪһȡ
õģԺ
ŵŵվһߣѾԼѧԺһλʦ
ȣҿ˵֮кٵľʦҾͨǾʦĻþһ
ǵġ
ȵ˵ͷʦһձ鶼ǿ󣬶ӵл羳Ž׵ΪʵѾͨﾳߡ
Ǻãҷɣ
š
ӦһоһɫķɵǷ˹ȥ
ȫƵķɵ
̫ˣӰһɵһա
ǣ
ȿһǷɵȻըȻǧǳ
һѰѵСɵըȫǡ
˼
Щϲһ˴˿ûзܾҪˡ
ȴʲô
ֻ΢΢һռ侹ȻŶȻ˵һĻˣЩɵǲǧ֮ԶȻǸ˼һ
ǶԿռѾ˼ĵز
Щǲܴƿռƣ˵ǡ
ǿĻþֶΰɡ
һ֣ǧɵȻֺϵһ飬ǰѷɵ
һ֣һ
ķɵǾȻҲܿסⲻ˵㲻ܣҲ׵Ƶľ
á
ȵ˵ͷ֪ó汾ˡ
۾ǣǳһ㣬һɹסǡ
һֱעȣʱ򣬾ͷѾʱձãѾһƬս
ΧȫɫɫĶħЩħϵس˹
þô
Ǹоʵʶõġ
ɵӦ˼ħ֮תһʥޱȵϢɢԼԼܿһɻʣڿռ
һɺ嫵־ͬʱɻɢɨȥȻ⡣
Ķħ־֮·׷׻Ϊãá
ˡ
ƿػþռ䣬վڿռ֮еһŹۡٻò֡
Ȳûоʹ֣Ϊ⻹ǿֶΡ
ֻҧָһѪþ֮УþȻ䣬̼ɽХеһгϮ
һ̣еҪ
þ֮б˿϶Ҳˡֻǿϧþһ׵ףһԶˡ
˵ţɢҫ۵Ĺ⣬Ȼ˻þ֮С
漴֮еɬľģ֮УþٴγǺ֮С
ˡ
һѪɫǱ
㲻ʦֶβһ߿ԱȵġҲҪģϾǻ羳Ž׵Ϊңǵ۾ˡȴЦЦ
Ժ㻹ٴһ𣿡ŵŵʱ
ǴЦȻС㣬ϲҲͨѧԺԣԺѧԺһʦˡ
ԺѧԺӦƸʵʱ򷴶ԥ
֪һλ㣬ûϵѧԺ֮λҲͲҰôˡǰ˰֣ȻΪѧԺʦԺѧԺȻḺȵİȫ
áЩжԸѧԺΪѧԺʦ
Ǿûˣְ֮ǰǻҪǩһԼ
ǣ
΢΢һǷǸԼԲһ㡣
һԼΨһһƾǲܱѧԺԼ񡣡
Ǳأ
ŵŵʵЩ
ᱻֱĨɱɫһ䣬˵
ǩεǱȽˬ죬Ѹٵǩ֣Լ
ҡֻǿѧԺĸ˵Ա֤ͻƵﾳԺҪְġŵŵԥ
ְûģְڼһѧԺ顣һְй¶ѧԺܣԼȻЧȻҾѧԺ֮󣬾Ͳְˡˣ㱾Ƹ¼ȡģǩǩ㡣
˵ţҪȰְ
ǩ
ŵŵҧҧ˺ġ
ǲһЦϹˣһѧԺһӶ뿪ˡ
ʲôԼ飬ǻѵ


1201 µ
ԺѧԺڲ
ǲѧԺȻӵġ
˱ǴѧԺв֮󣬸оǷ˼һľѧԺˡ
ЦǳԾˣԺҪԾĶȥ
ԲԲʦǰһְ
õģԺ
ԲԲӦŤ֫˰칫λϡ
ʣµ齻ѧԺʦˣÿһεĽְ棬ٽǸʦʶ
ǡ
ӦԽӵĶѧԺڴ
뿪ѧԺ˳ȥ
ǺȻоһɼǿٵ˵Ľ
13ǵλá
ǲһ֪ôˣ϶ǻɹˣɹصõǸԪ־Ͽɣõ˴Ԫ־ĹעΪ
Ӱһ13ǣȻеǳڤѪϵĻעȥ
ԿõЩĹעΪڽת۾ͻƵ˻羳
Ϊߡ
羳һססס
ֱ羳ĽײֱͣǷ˼
ǴԪ־ƺҲ֪ܶԻעҲͣ
Ժ
վЩϲ֮ɫͻƵ羳ˣǻ羳ĽףѧԺһˡ
ǵ˵ͷܴܲ󣬲ϾǱ˹עΪҪתԼĲųɡ
ﲻ֪϶ܼͻƣЩΪú
ǸλԪϢõ˶٣˼һ£ʵ
Ǻֻ֪ܶ࣬ǸλԪħԪЩǱ֮߱Ϊħ֮ѡңȻǿҵľڤ壬ҵܸõĽħ
ţֻǰͶʣ϶ر
ǵģϣܶ׼
˵ͷһ鷳飬ֻǸһͷԺöҪöˡ
ûϵǰ׼㶫ӦõģԺԲܵǯƣίߣҵԪİ취
ס
˵ͷֻнȥܻøĺö
ˣȥˡ
š
ӦһӰһŲƲˡ

һ֮
ǵõһϢ˪ΪС̫˵ѪСȴںʧˡ

ε̾һҲ֮е顣
ǸţյһϢСȻںʧˣȴĵõһ̫˵ĴС
ⲿִУСȴɵͻƵ˻羳ֱ羳ס
ǺǺˣô¡
ʱ֣鼸ôĲ࣬СȻǺ̫˽ԺȻл̫˵Ѫ
ֹ졣
ɽ쳣֣ΧǷɴ
ʽһϵеƸǰһˣΧ𣬴
ˣ˿˼ôⶼһѵĻᡣ
³ѧ˼㼶
פɽһЩ֣ʮλǵԼƸģò˻
ǲ鿴һµˣǸˣ۵ʵﵽﾳ˽ס
ȥǧ꣬۶Ȼӵе۾ʵ飬ʱˡ

ѧԺ֮УڰԼһЩд
ЩЩѧܻвСô
ǺȻǾȻϵͳ
µ֣ͬʱʼִµĹµǡ
ʲô
͵һΪϵͳ˵磬Ȼǳ硣
ǵģǳ硣
ϵͳ֪Ķ⡣
һϵͳ֪ģǳǺεȸߵȵ磬˽ȥַӱƿ߷֣Ȼ
ģ
Ϊʲô᣿
ΪϵͳѾǳûܷǡ
ϵͳ˵ȻȻܻеôöԷôء
ϵͳʲôĸһģȻôţơǲǳΣ˵ϵͳʲôƿ߻ţơ
Ȼһֽ͡
ǳϵͳģ˵ʲôʲô
˵ִµĹʲôǼʵҪ˽ģܹܿϵԺõĶ
ܼ򵥣ϵͳٵĸԺ񣬶ҲٵĸѧԺȫǴ񣬶ЩȫΧǳǵġ
⡭ԣ
ǲ֪˵ʲôãϸһ룬ǻи񣬱Ͼǵһɳúܡ
ƺҪ˰
ģʲôͬģǼʵ¹϶ֹЩ


1202 
ϵͳȻûʧȵʱٵĲͬǳԺڵ磬ʱ101Ҳ˵ǳʮ죬Ժڵ磬ʱŹȥһ졣
⻰̲סһ
101ʱ٣ֱһң泤ȥͻƵ۾磬Ҳǰ顣
ˣǳ绹Լʱıܵõһʱ仹̡
Σǳ壬ȫԴ
ϵͳǾޱȡ
ǰһƷƵģԺһЩߵȽ׵ƷҲǺѡ
ڣȻƷ˵ǳһбֿɵá
һסԼеľȣбô
һơ
ϵͳ仰һüͷɲϲʲôơ
ʲôƣ
ǻʵɫôˡ
ֻдʱѧǲܽȥ֮ѧǱ뷵ء
ȥá
ˣǰ˵ĻãǺһͿӵˡ
ڼܽǳ磬統ʥأǲˡ
Ժʱȥ
⻹á
ǻһһϢӶԴͲˡ
Ժÿνȥʱ䣬ÿ಻ܳʮ꣬ʱ䲻ܳʱ䡣
Ǻǣ㻹ܸһô
ԺѧԺΪء
˵ĺеҾԶԡ
ǲ֪˵ʲôˣʲôһ˵ɡ
ʱûˡ
á
ǵ˵ͷѾǳȲˡ
ǾԺȥɡ
񣿡
ȫ֪ô£ð
Ǹţһ
ǳԺרԺΪѧԺʦҪɼƻѧԺΪɳ·ϵûɡʮ츳ƬʮԼ飬һ죩
һⶼС
ѸٵȻǳڣҾ롣
һȥǾǳ硣
ǡ
̧ͷ˿죬Ȼסˡ
ֻϺȻ˹ǻûиоʲôͷһ׳˹
ľ٣
סˣҪߣҴ˰ɡ
Ȼˣ϶Ƕ㲻ȥˣֱתͨʲôľٸȫˡ
ף澹Ȼ̺һ˿ıԴ
Ȼһ˿ɲоЩӵﾳΪǸо
ЩԴΪкܴá
ǣ١
Ƿľ֮ٲûн۳˸ǿһ١
ǳ磬ԪӤ߲Żɵ١
øղһ˿Դȫģ˿ԥٴΰٸȥ
籾Դ֮ԱԴֶһ㡣
ΪѾӽﾳס
Ͳһˣ᲻Ǿžؽ١
̧ͷ죬ֹȻϵĽٴλۣεķΧ󣬲
߲Żɵľžؽ٣Ľˡ
̫ˡ
Ǿүžؽ̺籾Դ˽ܡ
ͻﾳףҲ⡣
˼һ£һɳ죬˽֮С
žؽܵƣΪһ˺ҧǣǵ忰ԭ˺ҧġ
ͨžؽ٣Ȼȡ˸ıԴڵӡ֤֮£ͻҲ⡣
ţϵϢһǣﵽﾳס
ϵĽƺҲо޷κǣɢ˿ʱԺ֮гһϢ
ʮ󣬷ħ硣
ʮꣿ
΢΢һЦǰҵˣϵͳֶȷʵ˵á
ڵңӦǴˡ
ţϵϢʼ𽥱ٲȻǳΪһͨˡ
ģ
ǵʶͷųȥΧȫǳɽ룬ивٵ̻
ܵոնɽٵӰ죬Щ޴˿̶ɪɪ
ӦþǱ½ļ֮أųޱߺĵһƬطǺԼ˽ǳ绥ӡ֤óһۡ
ʱһȥ۾һӦþǳ֮ء
׾ǣ𡣡
Ժֳ֮һϢЩڴֲýʦɣֻһӰ
΢΢һЦѾʧ˺֮УܱߵʱŸ̧ͷ


1203 һμ
ٴγֵʱѾ׾ڡ
ʶһɨǾҵڵλã˿֮ڣһľСԺ֮ڡ
һʯ֮ϣһɰСк
СһӦþˡ
΢΢һЦû뵽δҪϺɽСʱȻģ
ûмŽȥǼȥ
˿ǰվʮˣʮ˻ߣꡭһһģʮ˶һ¡
ôʦʲôأԼ׵ϣһѩɻԼĸص¡
ص¹ذظԴ̧ͷʮˣȻǽ̵Ҳһʱˣˣ˼ʲôʲôжϾ˵ɡ
ʮ˱˴ӣһƮƮǰһصүǴӸ۲죬ֻǶɼ΢ЩȤȻλ֮ȵȣȴǸû˿Ȥǵжϣ²ܳΪһλߡ
ƾһӺкĽӴ˶ԣƺϣȻصȴǺɡ
ص³̾һ˿¶֪𣬿ЦܹȨ˿ûȤһ;ȴǡ
ص˵Ȼֹ˻֣ʱ鷳ˣڿ뿪ˡ
үҵȸǣ
ʮͬʱ뿪ССľׯԺ
˿̣ׯԺֻصºͶص³Ĭһʱϵеĺ壬޷׵ġ
ôˣô˵أа룬ȴǹɵûдףСûĸףУҪľǸף硣
ãصһֱţһֱԼϡ
Ȼһ
ֻһɫɺ׷ɺ֮һɷǵĿˣƬɺױ䵽Ժ֮С
֣⣬Ƿ취صһˣеվѯʵ
ӿصˣȻ֪Լĺصµ飬ֻ̾һү˵ˣһ;иûκϣĵʮֹ죬޷Ȼ޷˵ģи޷ҵһҷҲ˿취
ص£˼á
𻹴¶״̬֪ζʲô
ǲЦȻÿһţƵǣǰڶô磬ϲʱǿһȺǡ
ȥ˿ֻҡҡͷ
ʱǲҪ켣ˡ
Ȼԭ֮еһ͵ɽׯ
ɽׯô
΢΢һЦ뿪ˡ
ɽɽׯڵλãɽׯɽǳɽۡ
ſʼʽȥ꣬ʵҲͲ¡˵Ļұʹúһʱ䣬˳һԼѧǾѡɡ
˵ţ˻־ڶɽɽһ̨ͤԼһµСݡ
Ϊ˷ֹ˴ţ󷨣ñ˿Ȼ˸Ĵڡ
פһº
һסļȻԼ̨ͤ;С˳
Сѣɲĵط
磬סôһǵһ֪澹Ȼˡ
治ѣС۾˸š
磿
ǲЦˣҿǱͶöˡ
ҲŲš
ҲˣԵǶ档
磬дʲôˣܿôָָǷһԵļӡ
ԡЦЦæԼģҲ
⣿һ£ʶģ˳徳⡢ơͽ֮򡣽֮׼ݣ½Ψ첻ơ
ֻһ飬Ҳɶ˼磬˼˵ʲôģǽؼô
ǣֻһЩ˲οġڵ
Ŷҿһѽŵһߣ˵ڶν֮򡢾֮ͷֻ֮ںϣ򡭡
һǷˣ⡣
ʲô˼ʲôħ壿о̫ˡ
Ҳٻػת۾ˡ
ûȥˡ
ǿ˿ɽ£ˣΪ׵ӦλԣӰȽϴһˡ
Ŷˣһô
ԼǿԣôˣͿˡ
ǿ뿪ͤеһֶ
⡭
һЩš
үү㿴ûУոһͤ
Сں˵ʲô
Ȼ˿ǰɶûУֽĻҲ֪ոһԷ


1204 
ԺĻȥˣоһ
ڶһͳɽȥļס
ɽɽüͷһ⣬Ҳûпء
£ʲôأ
һڼ׻ЦоѾЩˡ
ˣǣһǣǿ뿪
뵽˵Ļһ̫ˡ
ʮ֪˵ʲôá
ˣʱȥҡڼ׻ӳ˼һ£˻֡
ǣ
ʮˣѸ뿪
ҲʱһͤˣͤҲ˳
ǻӳǱסˣ˿
磬Ȼڡ˷Ѹٵĳ뵽ͤ档
㵹硣΢΢һЦԽԽ˼
磬дʲôؿ˹ȥ
дʲôֻǶԼؼעһ¡ЦЦҪ뿴ԼɣҲ
ŶҾϹ
˵ţѸٵķ
֣һʲô
Ѷ
˼䣬͸оԴκģַĸо
Ȿʲô͸ҿЩС˵ĶƵġ
ţⱾȭ羹Ȼעôࡣ
һһ죬ȥʱ۾ðˡ
ԺȻɼҡ
Ŷ
˵ͷ仰
ţ߰ɣ·Сĵ㡣
ټ
һٵĳɽ˹ȥ
ڶ죬Ȼٴˣ˵ģֻ
΢΢һЦҲ˵ʲô
˳һºһ͵
Եţ
ص´Ժ󣬾þ˵Сÿɽһ滹ϰߣ÷ȥ

תۣһȥ
һˣһӥ
磬ɽʱֵһӥҸСڡ
ܲ֡
΢΢һЦȴЩ̣ǣӦþǸδĺֵܣ쳬޺ˡ
磬컹Ҫдô
дˣϢ
Ŷ
ӦһȻЩʧ
Ǵʲô
þûԼĳˣҴ³

סֻΪǿЦǽŪʳģô˳
һСʱǳˡ
ҵա
õġ
˿ȫͨʳģĲȴûмġ
ż˼ˣ¶ޱȾϲɫ
óԣ̫óˣҴûгԹôóԵĶ
ͶԵ㡣
ЦЦԼҲƷҲļ֮һˡ
磬ܽô
Ȼ˿ӣЩ˵
Ҹˣǡóʱûˡ
ŶҪѧĻҿԽ㡣
ǳĬһ£
̫ˣʱһһġ
ţԾġ
ǿ𣬺˵õϿɵĺӣǾȻЩͬ
ˣһȥ
֪Ҫʼˡ
һ棬Ȼÿ춼ܣ˵ܣ˵¸ʡ
һգЩһĪչĹˣɫ԰ס
磬ҴͶˣȻûæ
ţ㸸Ҫµģæ
ǿ컹ѧôҾԳʦˣûλ糢
ûһϲŲǸǡ
Сһ
̲סЦСʱ氡
磬˵ĲôĬһᣬȻʵ
Ϊʲôô˵
Ƕ˵ҵ⣬޷ۼүү˵ֻ⹦
үү˵⹦ⲻô
үү˵⹦ֻǲøַѣǿٶȸӿѣⲻСӹŵ񣬼ʹҲûһܹ⹦ﵽ쾳ģ⹦壬ܳΪ֡
˵ʱЩį
ֶɲˣôõϿɣô
ҿɲôΪ⹦ɾ쾳磬ʵǿԵġ
ô磿
¶˾ϲɫദ꣬һˣȻǶô˵ˣǾһǵġ
ǵģұ֤
Ц⹦쾳磬ҪԲٿͷ
Ҳ³Կࡣ

ȴ˵ʲôˡ
ʱƺʲôߵǰ˫ϥص磬ɡ
̲סЦˣ仰治ס
ǻûпڣϵͳȴͻأ


1205 Լ
ǳ繥ѡһѧԺѧΪʦ켫ޡҪ󣺲øı츳ƬһһŶ򿨡
ǲ֪˵ʲôˣԭϵͳ֮ǰ˵Ĵô¡
ʱˡ
Ļ뵱ʦǲˣѧԺ֮ѡһѧ
ʵĿ϶ףӦûʱ䣬ҲҪˡ
֮⣬뵽һˡ

ѧԺѧĲ񻰣ֻЩ˵ӣڽѧԺ֮ǰľ⹦
⾳Ľ׵ΪȻŬ
ʣûشĻƻѧԽԽǰҲһˡ
ŬˣӦõˡ
磬ô
ЩĿǣ۾Щ졣
㸸ô£ѵû˿Խ㣿
ҾôдЩؼҪҸֻд϶˵⹦쾳硣
˵ƺЩäĿˡ
װ˼Ƭ̣ϧûôʱ㣬Ҫˡ
磬Ҫȥģ
Щ
ĵط
ǵȷʵʵҪȥˡ
磡
ΪҲǣȻҪ޳ˡ
ֲǼˣŵġ
̲סЦȻƺһˣҾͰһΡȻ㣬ȴһҵѧ㡣
ѧ
ǵӡ
Ǽ򵥵Ľһ£ȥɽׯ㡣
лл㣬硣мվֳǾһ
Ҳܰװ㡣뵽Լ񣬺Ȼһת̲סһ
磬Ҫʲôô
룬ѯʵҪĻȻƴȫ
ȴҡҡͷʲô飬ϣܴӦһ
ʲô
Ժ˲Ͼ磬ϣܳΪһѧԺʦ
ǻԴתˣȫʲô˼
Ͼ磿
ǵģ൱ⷽ˾硣
ǳ˼һ£ǴӦԺһṩһЩ
ĬˣЩܳĸо
磬ʦʲô˼
󣬳ʵ
ûʲô˼ǰҽ̱ˣҰŵѧһ
ЦŽ͵ϣҪôѹ
ֻҴӦ
š
ǵ˵ͷͨϵͳԼ棬дݣԶγԼ԰ɣ
ǵġ
ϵͳӦԼǿԼдֻƸʦ
⣬滺д˼֡
ѧԺƸΪѧԺʦֻླ֮ǰѧԺǿΡ
Ȼǻ汸עѧԺִѧһģʽ񣬷ѧԺһ·ȥ˶֮ҪУν̡
æЩǾûκ⣬
ʱϵͳϵͳδˣ޷ǩԼ顣
סɶʱﻹһδ˱ˡ
ϵͳû
ǵġ
ϵͳ϶˵Ƕ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʲôʱꣿ
ʮꡣ
ϵͳشڵĳʱһ޶
ǾǻҪˡ
ţҪȥʱˣԼ黹Ҫ
˼һ£ЩصһԼ飬ǸոԼݣǰ֮㻹ûиı⣬ǩԼ֣ʱǻ㷴ˣͰԼ˺ˣҲ͵ûмңô
磬һǩģھǩ𿴵ǵӣѾоҪˡ
󣬼סǩҸĿʱ䡣˵ĺǴȻҲֻԼ֪ûǩԼѡ
ţҼˡ
ˡ
һתһϼɣȻͤСݶˡ
磡
⾪һĻȴǲŲˣԳǰȥǰˣһץסܾܿ͵ȥˡ
ʱѾ涡
رԼ飬Ϸſ
Լû뵽¶У꣬ζʲô
ڶ죬ɽׯ
£а˸⹦ˣӵĸܹܴˣ˵⹦ʦġһߵ鷿⣬˵
ǻȥɣѾʦˡ˼һ£
£ɶʱеʦȻȻһ֪


1206 ʦ
졣̧ͷ˿ˣɵ˵
ðɡ
ЩΣɾүʦүɹˣĸԾУҪǼֱǻȥǲǲ̫ã
ô
ԥĸҵЩˣ϶һһ棬ƺ˵ȥ
ǺðɣȰϾȥǡ
ǣ¡
ӦҲýˡ
䳡
𿴵˰˸ˣҪѡʦҲڡ
Կ˹ȥСҸո˵Ѿ⹦ʦʲôʱ飿
֪Իôʣȴǲй¶ǵ飬ֻõҳȥʱģ˵ãʦû뵽˾ȻĴӦˣ˵ͻ
Ҳ̫Ϸˣһʲô·֮ˡ
ԿЦǺ̫أЩˡ
û£үүʱ򿴿֪ˣҾܺʣǲȻʱ߾ˡ
Ǻðɡ
Ե˵ͷѹòˡ
ֻڶǵȴ϶ʦⲻǰο԰ˡ
Ȼǰ˶ѾˣҲȿһҲһȽϡ
õģүү
ȻԾͰչʾԵѧһģȻһץװεľ޴ʯ˳ȥֻѾǧиɰƵߣһĳȥһʯͷ˷飬Ҳ˵á
ôʵ
ţܲ˵ţȴˣôʾһ£
ֻɱˣʾЩڵĶѡҵʦҲЩ
Ŷܽʲô
һصģƺȷʵЩ¡
塣
˺˵Ա߼˶̲סЦ
Ѿҵʦһѡ㡣ʱ˵
СΪʲôЩȡ
ܼ򵥣ǵ̬֪£˸ˣվû˸ҿУ˱ݵʱƺں⻹жôСĿҲЩͬ͸¶һš
׵˵ü˶û뵽Ȼǻۡ
Ϊʲôѡ
˵ˣʦˡ
ٴǿЩ
ⶼˣʦôСҲԷֻһ˵ȫƭġ
ᡣ
ƶޱȣʱУſڽȥֻ˺ţƺʲôˡ
ԵҲ濴˹ȥ
ʱֻһͷ·ãĨ˹һߺֱײ˽
ˣȻˡ
˿̵𻹴ﵱУԺôõĻǺܸмģԺΪɶ羹Ȼ١
𡭡үү
ңҡ
Цߵǰ˼æÿ
Ժҽˡ
š
Ц˶Ī
λ֪ǣ
һɽҰƦ򣬻˵Ǹ⹦ӦǺ켫Ϊ
ΪԺ˵ţȻⲻʵԼʵΪ˵ҪһƬˡ
ԼΪ˵Ǻ켫ޣ⹦Ѿ㹻ˡ
켫ޣ
ȻѾһ⹦޷쾳磬켫޾ӽ⹦쾳ˡ
˵ģ˵ȷʵ޷ȡ
λΣ
Գ˼һ£֤Ϊð취
á
Ӧںսơ
˽˲սһ飬һʱʯмҷɣݺᡣ
⹦޾Ȼ쾳ڵڼҸ֡ںһжԺ֮󣬳޵
Ժܵµʦˣ԰ɣ
š
Ե˵ͷ֪ʲôһȫ㡣
Ѿʦˣ
пܣҿһЩռ⹦С
ҶǴ˵е⹦֮
ԵԼĿģΪ˳⹦֮Ȼô

Ҳƺǳˡ
Ȼö˵פɽׯ˳Ϊʦ
ϣ
ص¿˿ϣȻһµ⹦ˣͬҲǵ޷ֲӦС
ԣӦòʲôˣһֻɺ϶ѣοһԣСӦ㹻ȫ
صжϵ֪ԼõЩϣαġ
ڶĶɽϼ
ʽʼˣֻԭ˸ӵϸ


1207 ֮
ʦˡΪһ·Сڶͨͨġ
Ժ֮ǰҪ䳡˿Ѿ˵㣬СʱȷɽׯܵɽţٴɽܵɽׯĮ˵š
ʦ֮ǰû˵֮ǰҪ𵱼Щŭ
ҵҪκɣҪľǡִСĮ۾û˿Э
ǣʦҧҧ촽˵ʲô
һӱѾúʱ䣬Ժÿӱһ죬ҪӸһõѧֱ
ӱյô
š˵ͷ򵥵Ľһ÷ʹߴ
ǳ磬ʱƽڡ
̵֮࣬ʼѼԴΪԼ羳׼
ô嫵磬Դ޾ܻõĶ̫ˣֻҪúãʱΪһ޴ͻơ
ܰĻĺܸмǡ

Լİ칫棬ѯʳϾһѧԺƸˣûһô
εĵ˵ͷǵģԺ
ǲ֪˵ʲôãַͨƸʮﾳʵʦһܶûˡ
ȥƸѧԺóܴߵĶС
ȷһţȱһ߽ƷҵǿȰˡǳ˼һ£ǽضϽƬ
ϽƬһӿռ䷨ͳһƶȥ
ǳ˼һ£ںôҾȥңã˵ܿˡ
˵ţָһ򲻶Ųƹȥ
ʮһƬޱȻҵϵ䱩壬ռҲܲȶһŲᱻռ֮ɱƬ
ǡ
óͼϸһ̲ס
򣬾Ȼ򡣡
ƬָķڣܿеĶϽƬ֮С
˽ʵࡣ
˵֯̽вٷ˽ȥ֮Ϊ̡
ûмŽȥһˣȣô
硣
Ժңȳߡ
ţҿҪһ֮ǰҲ鿴ռ鱨˵Ǹոմ֪ܷҽһѯʵ
ԡȵ˵ͷԼ֪ǡ
һСʱǻ֮С
Ȼһʱգϵֻϵһڶѡ
ܱ߼ǧϵ棬Զֹһ
֮УӣҲǶ಻ʤȥ˾ǵ۾˵԰ȫ
ȣǰΪʲôҪ򣿡ǳ˼һ£ѯʵ
ʵǳŮˣһȫץ˱Ž򣬵ڻҡõһû˳ЩץҵˣȴŹңǳŮߣڻҡ˵ʱɫЩ
ģֻҪѧԺû˸ҰôǿοһȣȼѧԺĿԡ
Ժһõı֮ġȳ˼һ£ԼõĶ˳һԲεɫ壬鲼¡
΢΢һЩ˼顣
֪֮֮ıһС֮󣬱Դ۶ɡ
յȼ֮ĸƷףƷ׵֮ģҪƷ֮ϡ
֮ģǹһӦѾӽˣƷӽ߽Ʒ
֮Ŀ԰߸ͻƵ۾磬߾ƴҲҪλ׷ɱҵߣʵ֪ȱԲžݡ
ԭ
ЩȻˣֲʲôޣԷûҪץȲţʵԭʵΪ
ԣһŶȵ֮ģа˳ɻͻƵ۾磬һȵ֮ģҲɻͻƵ۾硣֮ģӽȣҲɵĻһͻƵ۾硣ԺҪҿԷϡ
ϵ˵ڿЦ
ɵĻ᣿ȴҡҡͷͻƾͿ϶ͻƣҪֻᣬ㻹ԼŰɡ
ǺðɡЩжṵ̂ͼĶ
Ҫ򣬿Ҫ²Ż᷵ѧԺѧԺʦ˵һҾͲһһ֪ͨˡվǾȥһˡ
ԺҺһȥһϤʱͻȻڣǶЩ㵣


1208 ñ
ò뿪Ҫһٽȥ
š
֣صĵ˵ͷӳ֮ʵδаȹ֮лǳŮˣұȥǡ
һ˵ͷ
лᣬһȳ˵ġ
лԺ
ȸмǿϰæϣܴҲҲȥı⡣

֮ˡ
Ժǽȥɡ
á
ǵ˵ͷһΪ֮Уȫǿռ籩ֲĿռ֮˺ǵ壬ҪǽɱΪƬ
ԺҪӣǲܽ򡣡
Ͽ˵ʵѾ൱һԪ磬ʵγɵġ
Ǵһ۾Ѿһأһ˵ˡ
ô̽ʵ̽ʣµĶ
Ӻʱոպã˳һƬҰء
ԶȥĴ½ǴĺһгǷϣϢ
ô
һռܻңȴҪȹ̣һЩ⾳߾˺ѿռ䣬ҪΪܴ󣬷쾳ﶼһܷɵռ֮л΢Ķʲôܲġ
ԺڵλڷѾ̽ϣûκμֵ
š
ǵ˵ͷܿΪƻھĺۼ
óƬʱǸоϽƬĸˣǼ͵Ҫһȥ
ԺǱԴƬ
ǵģԴ
˵ţָָһ򣺡ߡ
Ȼ򡣡
΢΢Щ㵣ֻɺϡ
˻Ϊһ⣬ָķ򣬿ȥ
ʱһ谵Ĺ棬һͷһӣϳһḬ̃ЦݣҵСҸоϢˣ㾹Ȼˣ
ˣҪЩŮôһȫëѯʵ
ˣȻˣȥץʱȻܵõҪĶͷ˵ţһʧ˹
Ǻȷ֮ԵĲǷˡ
ˣ￪ʼǽδ֪ڣ
֪
ǵ˵ͷȻͿǰһſȵСȻը
ĶڵҷɣԵһɫӡ
һѾˣӾһһױԴҲǺ鱦
ɲɵģǷɹ
ǲ룬һץþͰӸץС
Ȼ
Źӣܸоһɳ̺֮żǿĽ֮塣
ʲôˣѶ
ʱһŭֻԶˡ
ϸһȻλߣһﾳףﾳס
ϡޱȣҸս򣬾Ȼ˼˼ţȴǲûа˵¡
ⶫȻȻύȥ
Ժ˲ǣǸݶºϵҵ·Ӧݶ»ʳˡ
Ҳǡ
ЦʾȲҪġ
꣬ƿǳǲǾͱǲˡ
ꣿ
ǾȲѣȻϸһˣĿռ߲ͬƿһǳҲ򱶡
Ŭôãû뵽ǣǲŭŹ֡
ɱر
Ϊ׵һӺ˾ǳǣǷҲﾳΪȴǲûжôη塣
ܿ죬ǾͷԼ̫ˡ
ʩչȭ͵غȥȫһ֮У׷׵ɳȥѪ硣

һ۾
Ҳɫ̿һоɱǺס
ô
Цˣһ̤٣ֲѹ˾Ȼ̧ͷ
ԣ㡣
Ϊ׵ʱҧҧϣԥŤͷܣϡ
һǵģôʲôһȥѧԺʦء
Ժһ־˵ǲܲŹ֡
ЦȻɫ䣺ãħҹˣǿߣﾳŽ׵ΪܶԸġ
ħߣ
ɫһ䣬ѵǸ׷ɱȵˡ
ʱҲоһǿϢϢϯʯŲ


1209 ʵ
Ժǿ߰ɡȽޱȣȻԼˣҲֻѰһᣬǺħӲӲûκλᡣ
Ѿ߲ˡ
ҡҡͷһħ߾˹϶ϲʲôֶΡ
⻰ҡ
ˣˡ
δء
ȴЦЦЩĪ
ȣҳȥһûҵ㣬ΪѾˣû뵽㾹ȻٴγˡɭɭʱҲħߵӰ
ħߣҵôˣȷŭĺ
ûôɱһЩй߶ѡħ赭д˵ţֱҧ
ħôϵߣû֡
ʱ򿪿
ȣҵİôﾳΪǺħʱǣŨŨɱ
޹أ㲻Ҫҵõ֮ôҿԸ㣬ֻҪҵˡ
ѧҽˣϧɱ㣬֮ȻҵģôãȻҵ֮ģһҵ౦ء
㡭
߿ʸûУҾȰҵָɱˣȻ顣
ħ˵꣬˲ǣ绢צһǵԴץȥ
ĳ֣һɺɫΪһȻνסˡ
Ժӣ
ȿһĻź
ôǶħߵĶ֣ﾳ׺ﾳŽףʵǲ̫Զˡ
ȴǳһЦʾģȻȫһȭ˳ȥ
һȭ֮ɨȥǺɫ˲䱻ɢ
ħߵɫһ䣺ÿֲĹ֮Ȼÿңˣ֪͸óȫˡ
䣡
ħѸ˺󣬸оܵ˼衣
ԺȻħߡȴš
Žħߵһ仰˾֮С
ȻܵסʵһܲôûôˡħЦٴγɱȥڰʴ֮Ϊڰ֮ҪǸɵ
ΧĿռ䣬Ҳ˲
ٲȻγһڰ֮򣬹޷ҫ

ǲûбǰľŵֻһʱ֮кõӰֳĵ
ڰѸȴҲ޷ֺ
ʲô
ħߴʧɫ޾ĺڰ֮У֮һ
֪νǿʱ֮ΪģۣһƬ˴ھ֮У򷨲֣ڡһ޳ɣɽκιתΪԼľԷڰ֮ʴΰľ
ߣһ㼶ϡ
ôֻﾳ׵ΪҲš
ħ߷ŭ֮£ǹȥķ
ĹȫΪڰȴĸˡ
Ժķǿ̫СԺˣħ߿Ѿʹȫˡľϲ֣Ѿϣ˵ĻԺԱӦû⣬ȻٸԺһЩʱ䣬Ҳ꣬ԺܻɱħߵʵʱŮҲоˡ
ڣȻΪֻǵķ
ֻһ㣬ܱǿһпƿˡǵ˵ţôô̶أǿһҪħߴﵽﾳŽ۷壬ǰ벽۾ΪУ⿴ֻһ㣬ʵȴǸʮǧء
ֻǷѣɱ˲㣬ҲֹҴȡħ߷ŭ
ôǿɲһһЦ͵ػһǣöħ˹ȥ
㾹Ȼң㡭ҹ
ħ߷ŭ֮£ɫƳȥײ˾޴ײ֮
һ
˶Ǻ˳ȥǽȴֳ˹

ϵ֮֡
ʱȴЦһ͵سħһץһʥע£ֱӾץסħߵ塣
꣬ħһ׾Ȼ˲ѿΪ촷ۡ
ʲôȻвң
ħʧɫ԰ףŵĻ겻壬˲ŲƳȥ
Ȼûɱ
üͷΪ䲻⣬ɱħߣҲشû뵽ֻһס
ԣǺܲ⡣
һԵȣȴѾĿɿڴƺڿǵʵ
ûϵͲôˡ
ٴۿֲϵ֣֮죡


1210 禵۾
ǰʩչϵ֣֮ϵֵ֮ĳΣޡ
Ǵ˿̣ʩչĺȻϵ֮֡
ʵҲˣ֮еĹܣϵֹ֮ΪУֱǵ졢ȻبšֻءԪ˰
вݽ
ֻǰһдѾдŵơ
㣬ôôǿⲻܡ
ħԵҲоһеĿֲŭĺûмôˡ
֪ˡ
ԴУⷴӷķ
޾ڰҹ٣
ħߴһɫӵıһƬڰĻǸ˽ȥ
һҵȽײ͡
ϵֳ֮źڰĻץ˹ȥֻǿķȴǱϵ֮ץΣƺһ㡣
꣡
һץһšһŤת
ڰĻΪ˱䵽УȻһɫӣƲۡ
һױԴ
ţдϲҶ
һǷµĹħߵӡֱӱĨȥ
ҵķ
ħ߲ҽһһѪ˳Ҳʵ̫ǿˣ̫ǿˣûе۾Ϊܻ
ѵҪ
ħĵײɫˢľǲ԰ޱȣҲ
ҲԤϵĽ֣㻹ڵʲô
Įϵ֮ٴγ
˿ָץУ֮䣬֮ͣĵ죬ʺʱա

ϵ֮ٴץסħߣħڵһƬռ䡣
ħ߸оԼȫãȫסˡ

ǿɲɷֺ
ָ͵սһƬռħ߱ץһƬ壬ȻɲǼǱ
¯
ɫ¯ݾһеľмȫɣϾ⾧ȫᣬǴ֮
ǶʱоǾ廯Ϊӿ塣
ΪǳȫЩͻﾳĽҲԶˡ
쿪ƣһöռָǵģħߵĴ﷨
ǲ鿴Ŀռ侹ȻзԲʮ
۵ļһױԴѳһǹһѸӣȫǱ
ǵǲҪЩȻֻѧԺʦѧ
ҵҺ˴Сĵɫʯһǧ飬ħߺúõղһ档
ǣ
ڳ˼ǱߵȴǾ̲ס֪ʲô
Ժǲʯ
ȿ϶˵ȻЩŭħ֮԰ŮȫץĹҪĿľǸھʯ
һˡ
ⲻһ̺汾Դ֮ᾧǲõƷ۾ҲǳΪĻᡣ
˵ʯޱȡ
ֻǲʯҲ⣬ʶ޷֣Ƽֶβ̽⣬ۿǸһ
ھʯֻܿ
⣬֮ͨĻҲңҲǰղʯļֵȼ۵
ջ㣬һȼһҡ
һ鲻ңһʾ޿ţⲻʯ϶Ҳȥһҡ
ϾҺõãʯѰ
ȥȴǲûзָĶһ򼶷ɴӦħߵˡ
ƣ󷭳һɫӣдһѪɫ禡֡
ǿϢ
棬оһɾ˵ɷ
禵۾ʱɫ䣬Ժǻˣ϶禵۾ƣħһ¡
ʲô禵۾
һǿĵ۾֪۾ҪǿӵһƬδ̽򣬶ħӵƣ϶֮һΪЩ򡣡
̲ס˼ħǳŮ忪Щʵ禵۾ģҾ˵ħô̽Ĵ󲿷ֶϽɸ禵۾ˡ
ӦǵģǿƣҹƵ֪ūǳŮħߺ澹Ȼˡ
ÿӵ׵ķ⽨ūƶȰ
ԺȻɱħߣ禵۾治ﾳܶԸġ
֪εûгǿɱҲɱˣڶֵʱΪ˷ֹ׷龭Ѿôڸ禵۾ҵҲô׵ġ
òˡԷġ
ħȥЩ˲Ǵ¡ѵ˲Ǽ˾Ȼô͵þˡ


1211 
Ժ򡣡ʱǰ·
ȻϽָһ˼š
ʵһҲˣ֪Ͻָʲôط᲻̽ŽɽȻ
Žɽʲôط
һ˷Բǧ֮γɵĴɽǼӲ۾ǿ߶޷ƿֻ˳µھǳŮӽĹ򣬻ڿŽɽѾдһǧˣҷֵ֮ģҲŽɽֵġ
Ŷ˵
ǵ뵽ϽԣרɽԪأƺʲô֮ͨ
ٶȺܿ죬˲Ϣǰ
ϽԽԽǿˣӦòԶˡ
ԺŽɽˡ
ָָֻһԼʮĴɽɢ貵Ľɫâ
ڴɽϣܿˣЩ˲ϵɽȫһĹˡ
ôˣնϽĸӦʣĶϽƬӦҲˡ
ǳŮ壬ʮڿŽɽ
ֲôˡ
ǵ˵ͷģôǣ
ȳ˼ħȻˣﻹصߣħߵ¡

ԺģǵΪߣǿһֻﾳΪ
ǲһЦǾȰɱˣ·
á
ٵĳħߵ۾Ķȥ
ħߵĶ棬ںƣǰŵǼŮˡ
ڸոգħ߻ڿЩŮˣ⼸Ů˶Ǻܲңȫȫ㣬ƤѪܵģ˿滹һЩ棬ڿʳǵѪ⡣
Щ˾Ӳ
ǣǺȾƣϴ˾ܰǸȸץ
ţ֪ǸСôѵūҲǼˡ
˵ŵʱ򣬺Ȼ͸оΧĿռ䱻סˡ
ô£
˭
˸о쳣æѾƱӵһߣʱֻһƳץ֮ϣĿռ䡢λ桢ʱ
ãôܶˡ
Ҳǡ
˴ʧɫȻ󲻴ʲôƵָһգȫץһ龧塣
꣡
飬ΪһȭͷСľƬ
ɣ
ʱӰ¯һЩƬҲȫ¯֮С
ͷβǿƵĺܺãսⶴ֮ڡ
ɯ
ʱ򾪺һһŵˣ鱯ߡ
ȣôֻˡ
ǸɯŮӻ۾Ϣ΢
ˡȿſɯӣѾ˳
ε̾һһӣЩϵĶȫΪ촷ۣȻһߣչԼˡ
һ죬˵Ŀռ䷨
֪ʲô
һһȻ˾ˣÿֻһԴʯҲǧ顣
ħߣ޷ȡ
Ժ
ô
̧ͷȵ⼸ȻӦû֮Σ
лԺ֮
ͬʱǾǹһ
Ӧõġ
ЦЦȻע⵽˼˲ϵĶǴӦūɣ
ǵġ
ūĿʲôģƺ֪Щһ
ҼһɫƴС洢˵ūϢֻҪһ뿪ŽɽʮԶͻᱨȻֻҪǰӦÿ˵Ļťūըͻᱬըкü˾ôġһŮŮӷŭ
ôгĸŮħߺµĴ﷨澹Ȼһ
ԣ
Ǻãȸǽ⿪
һȼ˵ū⿪ˡ
Ժ˻ھŽɽԺһ⿪ǵūɡ
Ӧõġ
ǵ˵ͷˣħū۵ˣҲһͷŵūĿ㣬ھȥбħū۵˾ۼ
лԺҾֱӾͷЩˣҲ̫ʴˣڵڷչȱˣʵԺЩȺǳΪˣΪ񡣡
Ƚ̲ס۾һ
Щū۵ˣŶʲôʵжٻ羳ߣأ
ûУǻ羳ٳ١
ȿ϶ޱȵ˵ﻹǱȽϤġ
ٵĻ羳ߣһɲСǾͰ˵ȥ졣
ǣԺ
ȾΨһܱǵĵطˣȻǲҲɣŶϽָŽɽһط


1212 ɫ
Ӧþˡţʶ͸ɽ
ѭΧתһȦһھĶѨ˼һ¾˽ȥ
ⶴѨϽָķȻЩƫ»ǳһھɽҲʡٵ
ŶѨ˼֮ԶǸӦҲԽԽǿҡ
ǰզࣺⶼ쵽Žɽĵײ˰ɣɽӲȣ뿪һôҲҪ꣬Ǽʮꡣ
ͷˡ
ǿ˿ǰ棬ͣ˽Ųó˶Ͻ
𶯵ôӦúܽˡ
һϲ϶ҪھȥУڻʱȥ˵һС
һ磬ʱѾѴ󲿷ֵ˸ۼ
Ƿȥмʮˡ
þˣǵþˡ
ħˣ̫ˡ
ʱҲһ䲻гСˣѿ
ǳ˵˿ȥһűǹһ
ȣš
ļʮץס˳ŮĲˣвȡ
ɳ顣
ȷŭޱȣĿѾҵɳ页ҳ档
ҶԣˣЩҪһᡣɳЦѿԺЩ˵ɱȨ˵㡣ô֣ǿ¿һٴġ
Ρ
ʶ̧٣ѾѳŮȫͷˣʣЩ˵ʲôϵ
ɳ页˵ţһЩ˶Ƿŭޱȡ
ܸ
С㣬ԸΪЧ
ɳ顣õ˿һħ߶Ǹ̡
˶ǵɳŭĿӡ
ʶ̧٣ɱŮŮˣ
ǣ峤
¿ЦҪ֡
ʱǿȥˣֱӴԶ˹Ҳ뿪һᣬǺ֡
Զһ߹ֱȶȥһɼǿƱ˶ĵһ
߶ʮ¿ɲǼ仯Ϊ촷ۣʧ
ߵߵʱеĿ¿ȫһغֻʣɳ顡
㡭ɱҵˣɳ顿ǣŭޱȡ
Ȼﾳһ׵Ϊոͻưɣֲôеǿ˿ɳ顣һӣɳ顾ͷ˳ȥһŮŮѸӿˡ
˭ɳվ֣亹ҪǮµţǱŻˡ
Ǿǵˣ̫ʶ̧ˡ˵ţϵֳ֮ɳץȥʱɳһƬռ䶼ץסˡ
Ҳˡ
ûлˣɣ
ҲģҸոͻƳΪߡ
ɳһ仰û˵꣬廯ΪһƬƬľƬȻǵ¯ɵˡ
˿ĶǴĿģһ߾ɵػɱɱҲס
ħߣ϶ҲǱɱģҴˡ
лԺȳһ£˵
С¡
ЦЦ㰲һ£ֻҪԸ⵽ǧ꣬ʱҾͻɡ
ǣһԸġ
ޱȣʼȥ˵ˡ
һСʱǸǰ羳ߣǰ벽ﾳΪ
ʲô֣
ľɣ
߲
ĦῨ塱
ﾳһ׵սҿǽѧԺΪѧԺʦǳ˼һ£ҵλҪʦ
ǣԺ
˴ϲǳΪ˵ˣǵҲܵõˡ
ţǾɡ
˵ţҲǩԼ飬ȡǵū
ҲʶȤʼЭȣ˸ŵ׵͵ǰºһ뿪ˡ
ԺҵǶϽƬλˣпʵ
ǵģ˵һЦЦ
ɷһȥ
û⡣
ǸѨָָѨľͷϽƬӦѾܽˡ
Ȼ
ƺͲµˣԺ֪ūôժô
ҡͷʵҲͦġ
ƺ뵽һ죺ʵͨھģһͨͷھʱĪĲ֪һɫն˹ʲôһֱ޷ݣܰǺӶҸûзӦΪԼ϶ûˣ˭֪ǽɲɵĲҵĲӣûɱңҲϵūٵˡ
ɫ
ǵģǽģƺһ϶ҵõĿռ֮ľǴǷ϶ɳġ
ȵԣҸҿ϶ŽɽײһбҾԺģû뵽ԺҪѰҵҲطʵ̫ɺˡ


1213 ֱ
ǵ˵ͷҲʮɺϡ
бǿ϶ҲԶˡ
ǵġ
ȿ˿ĶϽƬ϶˵
ȻˣǾڡ
ҪҰæô
ѯʣ֪ԼʵǰæҲﲻϴæ
ҡҡͷãȥžУϴһҪ˭֪滹ʲô
û˵ʲô֪ʵȥȴˡ
ڰɣ
ֻʣԼһˣóһһױԴŶѨ
ĻҪӲ
ǺһȥҲûȥ˲ס
עȥһʯмҷɡ
СʱҲʮףЩйˣһֱȥ֪Ҫڵ¡
˼һ£ԺȨȻΪһЧƺҲô
ڵԺȨȣҲ൱һױԴޣָˡţǿ˵Ч
һϽƬŶѨھ
꣡
ϽƬӴɽǿƼӲޱȵĽɽȻΪ˷飬綹һ㡣
ɽ֮еĽ֮ԪأȫϽƬˡ
ȻŽɽΪϽγɵģھŽɽҲ뿿ϽƬ¶˾ϲɫʼѸٵھ
һ£ЧʾͿĶˡ
ֻһСʱǾ˼ףϽĸӦҲԽԽǿˡ
Сʱɫ΢䣺Ҫˡ
Ѿˣڲһ׵Ľɫʯͷ֮һԼԲһҵĿռ䡣
˼һ£Сƿʯ顣
ʱһȻ˵ֽɫ
ã
һæʩչľԷ⽣Ȼ롣
϶Ѹٶݿ
ȻͿĽھĶնɱЯޱȾ޴Žɽ
ԿŽɽǷһĽһ㣬ҫۡ
һãôལһ϶ᱻ˲ţȣ֯ˣҵʹ뿪
нӰһٴ˶Ѩ֮С
Ȼ
վڶڣһɫԲοռ䣬ƯżʮЩ֮ǰӦþʹռ棬ôལĽɱ֮±϶Ǳ
ûмŷֱЩǿ˿ռ֮ء
ˣʣµĶϽƬ
ѾǶ̽Ƭˣһѽһ롣
ǣһֻ֣
ǹһ£Ͻȴǻһϵֱ֮С
ʲôһֱۣɫųɫѪҺڿռģʱ䶼޷ࡣ
Ǵ˿ֻһ뷨һֱۡ
ֻв飬Ų࣬ܡ
򣬹ȻţһĳֱȥĶϽƬҲ˳ȥֱϽ϶Ϊһ
ֻǣȻȱһ⡣
㶼ˣⶫҲͶˡ˵ţһץƯһЩȫ䵽УöӦĵȵ֮ģȵǿŲ࣬Ȼ֮࣬һѵȵ֮ģǵصص߽Ʒ
̲סϲֻҪһ߽Ʒˡ
ڣǿʱ
˿ѵǡྦྷȻûмⶫһ۾˳˵ֻ֮ввྦྷһ鲻ྦྷҪֵһ鲻ʯֻǲྦྷǸ߽õƷһʲôʯ
ħ꣬һǧ鲻ʯ۵ֵȴһ鲻ྦྷȲϡ
Ǵ˿һӵõ˿飬Ѿ׬ˡ
ЩûˣһЩƬϧˡǿ˿ĶԶǱɱĲƷûжļֵ
ʵϽһֱۡ
ǰжպãٻ¯ֱۣʲô飬п϶̺żǿǰֱҵΪȽסߣһֱܴ֮Уӵķ򣬿νǺô޴󡣡
ɾզʱһȻħ߾ȻѾˡ
禵۾
Ƚ˹Ժߣ禵۾ˡ
һʱﻹٳɣֱץסǲֱۣǶϽȻ޷ֿⲻ鵽⽣յĽġ
ΣɴŶϽһӽ¯֮С
ߣ
ͬʱʶһɨһǬҪȵ˸ߣʱһĵֱ˺Ŀռ䡣


1214 ԺȨȵ̬
д󾪣һֲ̫ˣ޷ֵ

ǳѸٶܡ
꣡
ķ飬Ҳ˳ȥ
ãķǿûܵôصƣһȴסȵˡ
վӣ֮УһźۣƤҲǺɫֻ۾źӡ
禵۾ǱŰʵǿ
ɱħߣŽɽı禵۾ħ߾ˣҵһҲˣŽɽĶ뽻
ҿûлʲôǵҲŶԲߡ
ûк禵۾һսʵϴһĴըģʽҲȼȫϸ
Ͼϸ֮пɶȼһǳԱֱ޷
ϴʹõĺ֢ǻǼ£ǱƲѣԲô
֮⣬ǿȼղϸѾܱԼƿأΪֻȼղϸܻõʵҲǵ۾ףƾ˼ֶΣԼǿԣȴ޷ȵˡ
ƭңŽɽǰ죬ΪҸоôߣȻ㲻ɱ㣬õĶȻҵˡ禵۾˼һ£һɼ֮۶Щַ֮ԲǸоԼһжˣȫץϹ
ǽ۾Ը淨Զ߿Աȵġ
Ǵ˿֣̽ѵûа취˲ɡ
ʱȵҲǽŵĿǣˣǿ϶Ҳɡ
ʱǺȻһ
ϵͳϲһʮǼ￨ƣʮɷһƸԺȨȵ̬
סϵͳƺЩӳٰ
֮ǰͻһȵ֮ģӦˡ
ԺȨȵ̬ǲ¶˾ϲɫҲϣˣϵͳԺȨȵ̬ʲôܣ
Գһ硣
ڵĴʲôáǺϸһ£ϵԺȨһڲ磬ޱ޼ʣǷʮ򣬹ƶ⡣
ȥɣ
ʱ禵۾һָһ֮۵Ľǡ
нڱȫѵҪﲻɡ
㿪㿪
ǲϵش߶禵۾һиûá
ѵֻٴʹǽô
ҪºĵʱԺȨȺȻעһ壬ǾȻҲһ֮
꣡
ǼΧĽƵʱϲѡ
æһ˲ƣǶ㿪禵۾ıɱһ
ôܣ禵۾һ£Ȼϲһ֮֮ƿ
ա̲סϳһ˿Ц⣬ҲеԭԳһԺȨȣȻԴ֮˵ĻҲӵн۾һЩֶˡ
㿪ˣԺȻصֶΣ̫ˡȾϲѣҲǼ
Ӧʲô˵ŽɽõģȲǽĵ۾һЦǰǿˣǽʲôǵ۾ǵ۾ܿġ
ôԾԡҲЩ
ɱЦһһӰǣһնǡ
ÿٶȣǵ۾ôǱȫƿˡһȼղϸΪѸֻǻʧˣȼôϸΪûԤĽ۾ףֻǵ˰벽۾ѡ
䣡
ֻ԰벽۾Ϊ
꣡
禵۾һն棬ֻ̲סһѪ˳

ɫѿޱȣ԰벽۾ΪʩչټԺȨȵ֮ӳɣӦֵܵס׵ĵ۾ȴֵס禣˵ʵڽĽף֮ϡ
߾Ϊʩչطֵܵס׵ĵ۾һԺˡ
ף
¶𾪵ɫȻǲˡ
ˣˡ
ף禵۾Ҳ̫ǿˡ
ǰΪĽ۾Ҳࡣ
˶ңڡ
һԷٵתʲô취ӦǰΣѵûˡ
ĻֻԼȵ˿϶Ǳɡ
ȵȣҺոյõһƸǺȻ¶һĨ⣬ƸٻʮһʮǵѧԺڿΣȻЩﲻѧԺʽʦڿƣԸ禵۾Ӧúпܡ


1215 
뵽ﻹٳɣϵͳƸôʹã
˵仰Щ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪȷʹƸϵͳͻѡȡһ˽ѧԺƸʦ
ѡȡôѧԺ
ֱӴӦ
ϵͳĻشǶʱһǾͲֱӵߣ⻹ô
ԣԶˮӲ˽ʡ
ˣʹƸٻƸʦϣüǴ⡣
Ƹʦ޷뿪ѧԺ
Ƹһôûˣ޷һǰΣ
Ǻӵżˡ
ϾǱߵ禵۾ƺһĶûˡ
Ժ߰ɣ
ȵ֪һߵİ취Ҫˡ
ǶʱôǲܣһûеǸʱ򣬴˾ǲ
ȸжޱȣٴȰ˵ǣϣ뿪
ֻѾظˣ飬һ
ߣԺôԺ
ǷʹƸ
ʹãʹã
ϵͳЩھǳϵͳ
ƸʹóɹϲѧԺ˴뵽Ƹʦԡ֮ķ޼ɴ񡣷޼ڡ֮󡷵磬ճΪΨһ񡪡λһƿʱ䡢ꡢɱ¾֮Լط
ϵͳеǶסˡ
޼ɣ
ϵͳĽܣֱţã̫ˣ޼ɿ϶ǲ鼶ǿߡ
Ƹʹϣ޼ѾѧԺƸʱΪһ꣬ڿʼʱ
һꣿ
ǺʱһǵԺ
Ƿ޼ɣѧԺԺ
ǵġ
Ǳޱȵޱȣ޼ʦôϵҵģһ㡣
ҵʶһɨϵһ࣬ټұѧԺƸʦԺ֮䱾ͽһ˿ϵѭ˿ϵҵԺȫ׾ٵ顣ֻԺڵƬطЩ죬дǿǸһЩ̫ǿߡ
򣬴˵֡
ǽ͵ȻЩʶܿңӦע⵽ڵĴһλ۾ǿҪɱңҵǲ£ſ뿪Ҫ˿ҪꡣڸϵΪܵƣ޷뿪һһûа취һǰΣ
кѣȻ޷뿪ѧԺɾǸؿռ֣ҲǸ۾Կġ
ģ
ҿλһ񡣡
޼ޱȣд
ܸоⷽرڵǿһɿֲķ緱һǳ硣һҳֵʱ϶ᱻָܶ࣬ôԶľ룬ֻһĻֻܱ֤λ۾ɱЩѶȡ
û⣬ǽ첻ܻɱԺҲɱˡ
ǵ˵ͷ˵汾Դ֮еط˶鲻ԽٵǽˣҲ汾Դơ
ˡʱ禵۾ɱ
ߣǿδءǻعȻֻǹȥʮӣѾȫ֮ǰĵˡ
禵۾Ǻ޼ޱô
Ժ˵û汾Դƣ޼ɶ־ɱ禵۾
һССߣʼղһ㡣禵۾˵ţȫʵҪǳɱֻܺ۾ϡ
ǺǺǣǲм
ɱ禵۾˵ʲôĳǺӣֲĵݱһԶޣ¶ſھ˹ȥ
һ̣ǵȫ
Ҳܵ˳˼άޱȳٻ
ÿֲһУȻ̺깥ţȴҲκεķлһ˿м

禵۾ȵΪѾˡ
Ժ㿪
ȺᶼˣҲɥ
ɾʱ򣬺Ȼһ˵ƿǺӣԽʱգԵޱȵ˺Ŀռ䣬ֱ
֮У۾ǿ̲ס̧ͷ¶ޱȵɫ
ʲô
࡭
ô£⵽ô£
Żˣļ£ɪɪ
Ҫɱǵ禵۾Ҳסˣ̧ͷϣǾȻһѽ
ѽ
ܣ
禵۾ֻǡΪʲôǳģ


1216 ջķ
禵۾֪Ϊʲô
һѾЯſֲܣ˺ѿռ䣬˾Ӱ֮ϡ
Ű֮۵ľ޲ҽһ˲仯ΪУһӶûеס

͸Ŀռ䣬֪м˶ٹꡣ
˲
ˣ
禵۾ȴǺļնɱȥ

禵۾ǵ۾Һò磬Ҳģ
һӣϱܵĻ档
Щȼڵ磬˿Ѹת۾Ȼﵽ˵۾۷壬汾Դż
ͬʱ
һںɫĶƣۼɣһһһױԴ
ע֮£ϵۼһȫſ貵Ĺâ
סһҪס
禵۾źǿֶΣҲϣ
䣡
촫ն˶֮ϣۼȫ
ƽѾ˺ܶࡣ
꣡
ˣǰ禵۾СӸ
禵۾ҽһȴ˲ŲƳȥջǱסһĹ»
ڵ类ȼմ屻ն룬ʵѾһɣ궼ָ
ϵ֣֮
ʱϳˣȡһɱ禵۾
ϡ
꣡
禵۾ڵռ䱻һץ飬禵۾׻һѪ˳ȫѪģˡ
Ǵ⣬Ȼûгûɱ禵۾
Ԥе޼ɵһѾˣһɱ禵۾
ֻҪס禵۾С
Уұɡ
禵۾ҲеȫΪһѪ磬Զߡ
׼һЦ֮
ԺȨȸЧһ֮ʱգһһзȫء
ܵ禵۾׻屻סˡ
֮ҡ
禵۾Ѿ٣𣬸Ѿɥʧ˿̾Ȼް취
ǿһĻﰵЦȻɹˡ
ԺȨȣȫƵ߽ףǰ˽׵ıԺȨܴ߶֮ܲ࣬ҲԿȳĵ۾ˡ
Уһٴնɱ


禵۾ȴȫûá
޼ɵĵڶιֱӶ壬꣬׻Ϊӡ
΢΢һЦһоͰ禵۾Ŀռָ˹ⶫǱ
֪ʲô
ڴϾħ߶ôˣ禵۾ֻӸвǡ
ʶ̽У̲סһ
ֻǲʯӣĿ˶ʮ飬ױҲʮĵȵ֮ġ
Ȼǿĺܺúӡ
˳򿪣ֻһ澹Ȼһȵ֮ģǵصص߽ױˡ
ڶӣһ鲻ྦྷⶫʵʵƷܲߣֵȴͣҶԵ۾ͻƵླдá
ӣŵľȻһɫ伮һȻһ༶ֽħ
ӿ꣬˷֮࣬ҲЩЦá
ӱ禵۾ôãΪģû뵽ȻֻǷһȱľǹˡ⹦֪ʲôħȻֻһֽ禵۾ıŰǴݻ
ħĵȼһ͡
ţҲûдħ뷨ԺҲ͸ѧǵһοĸѧȤԼȥѰĹˡ
Ժ۾εڿӡ
֪
޼ɵת˹õģǶסˣ϶
š
ϾͻѧԺʱںͷ޼ʦһ𡣡
˵ţо޼ɵʶ뿪ˡ
ʱ˹λոձнѧԺʦ
Ժոǡ
ѧԺһλʦǽѧԺܼ
΢΢һЦҲװЩ
λʦѵǲ飿
¡
ǲûֱӻش𣺡ˣȴ뿪
лԺ
˿ǣ˿̶ǳ˾η
ǲ˵ʲôһӣһ֮ȵˣȫսԺȨ֮ڡ
ˣ򡣡
ţΪһʧˣȴ֪Ժ϶ǻҪġ
˵ȵԶ֮󣬷׷¶Ӱʮλ
Щȫǽ۾ǿǵɫ˿̶ôÿ
ճˡ
Ĭ˺ܾ֮һŽһɫβ͵ӻڵ


1217 ʮɷ
һ·˳ˡ
ǻص˵Ľ򣬰˽š
ԺǶλߣ
𾪲ѣ֮һڵԱҲĿɿڴ
ӵеĻ߲жʮλ൱һӾʮ
ǵģǻΪǧꡣ
΢΢һЦϵūһժǵˣҲһҪźá
˵ͷ֪ٸĻᡣ
ΪʲôҪժȥЩ˵ūһۼЩ˸ʲôˣȡūƶȣȻûбҪūʹǡ
ˣǾͽˡ
š
˵ͷһᰲǺһУһ֯һƸδᣬƸΪĽ̹١
ԡ
ȻҪѧԺˣ鷳ʱϵѧԺ
Ժ
䣬ͷǴȼʧˡ
ѧԺ֮С
Ȱλʦľɣ߲ĦῨ尲źãȻͽԼİ칫ҡ
ʱûмż޼ɣǻϵͳĽûȡ
񣬻õʮɷֱǳġʾçļġݼ񡷡ġ˾ԴâġħǿġĿػطԳġ澭Ĺġ̫¼ġ۴ħͨʥġب͡
ϵͳЩ֣Ǽѡ
ЩԶǾˣĵȼ֣ǿ϶ǲ༶ġ
ЩѧԺγˡ
ţЩҲдãܰȥ
һʱεĸо
̲סЩջǵǷһȻֱӾʮȥˡ
ʱ̲סЦЩ£ôʱ䣬ҲֻǴԵĿһ飬Щȫ򣬲ԼĹ֮УҪǧ꣬ʱ䡣ʱĻоȥˣҪץʱͷ޼ɺúģϾλ༶ǿߣɱȲ˵Ĺؼмֵ
֮ǰǻһʮǼ￨ơ
ɾһλʵʦڱٻˡ
ҲﾳΪԶٻʦôȤ￨Ƶʱ򣬻Ǹһϲ
ֻϢġ
깫
ԣ
ʵԪɰ˼
ӵѧꡣ
ӵɷꡣ
ӵ⼼ܣƸɹ30
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺƸʦѧԺƸʦĹ
깫ôҲá
ЦһƸܣԺƸʦĹͲˡ
֧ҲҪܿˡ
깫ʵϵͳΪԪɰ˼ﾳ˽ף̫ߣҲˣϾС˵֮Ҳûô깫ʵ
ٻˡ
ٻ֮ǰǻȡ깫ԺȥƸʦʱ򣬳ɹҲ
һ㣬һѪҺ䵽˿ơ
һȥǰѾһӣӣǾúԼĲ̫ˡ
ӰƷ֮е깫һааҳªӣǰ깫Ķţһ˾һ̲סøУ뷨
Ժ
깫ڣǫѷ
ţӭ깫ʦѧԺְԺҪѧԺĽʦƸ
û⣬ÿԷҵר
깫ӦȻЩ˷ܣǲ֪˵ʲôãԺ󡮵Ҫ쳹ˡ
Ǵ깫ȥ˳ѧԺ
ѧԺͼˣһ£ЩҪŽȥ
Ժ㡣
깫˵Լͼ⿴
ǰµõʮɷŽͼݣ˶һҪ㡣
ź깫ʱ䡣
ʱԥĳŷ޼ɵλȥ޼ƺҲڵˡ
һŴ棬ǴӵԹͨǵõѧԺȴѾǳ֮ˡ
£޼ϥŴµҶ߳ζɫƽκС
Ժˡ
ţġ
ЦЦ˷޼ɵĶ档
޼ɨһǣƬ̺󻺻˵ԺĹ𾪣Ѿҵ֪
Цй̷ⷽ޼ʦ


1218 ָ
޼ɵ˵ͷʾֱ˵
漴Ͱѹļܹ׶ΣԼ˵˳
Ȼ漶ԣǲվڷ޼ɵǸ߶ȣ⹦ĲҲƬ档
˵ˣ÷޼ɰһ
һ˵Сʱȥǲ˵꣬ͷβ޼ɶϸʱüʱ˼
ôվĸ߶ȣʲôûУ
˵ʵһϿκ⡣
޼ɸһĴ𰸣Ժֱֹ汾ԴֹҲĸáֹܱ棬ҸԺκν顣ңѾһȫԺеĹԺκ˱˵Ūô¶ѡ
ðɡ
ЩʧԼ̫ˡ
ڱһЩСķ棬ȴǿԸԺһЩ顣޼룬˵
ʲô飿
Ǽջġ
Ժոڸҽܹʱ˵ֹĴըģʽȼȫϸԷӳǿΪԲԣ
ǵģȼȫϸܷӳ۾ʵܻҪǿ
ȰԺԺǲҪôˡ޼ʱص֮Уÿһϸһ΢͵棬Щ΢͵ֹ塣ϸȼգǾƤ˵һûκ⣬ǴģȼϸǾԷ٣֮󣬸ܿƵġ
ôֲǰ
ǰӦûûΪʱ򻹺ÿƣҲ̮޸ܾܿͲ̮飬峹׻𡣡
޼ɿ϶˵ʵҾԺԼһ£Ӧòѡ
һĿݡ
һСʱǵɫЩ԰ף˵ĶԣģȼϸγӦҵΪԽǿӦԽֲͲܿƵġĿǰﾳΪϸһȼճ30Ϳܵ׻ԾǾֲȼϸҲֵܳ
޼ɿӣʱ򷴶ЦǵģҪԺԺԼˡ
š
ǵ˵ͷЩƸ˷޼ɣǿпĴըģʽȼյϸܿܳ30ʱ֪ôġ
ʵ˵ҵͻȻһ뷨޼ٴοڵ
ʲô뷨
Щ쿴һЩ飬˵ϸڲϵصԺڵʵֻˣûеҾǺܲġ

̲סĵһ򵥵Ȼһֱˡ
ô
ϸ³´лĻǳһҲлҵϸ޷ԼǾֻԼ߶̡˵ĻȼϸϸһֶΡ
ţ̲סһϲ
˵ţ֮еһЩϸȻˣкעĵԼϸ֮С
Ĺעﾳ׵ΪȻһס
ֹͣȼϸΪֻصﾳס
ǸоЩ̲סЩѭҵʵΪﾳףǼϸлעΪȴﾳĽסԣһֻǿ˺ϸǿƸ࣬ﵽҵļޣҵΪߡ
ǲϳ
ʵΪﾳףַͨʽȻﾳס
һĿңһϸȻˣµϸȴڿٺϳɣȻγһƽ⣬٣ҵΪȴеףȻϵ
޼ɿĿɿڴ̾ǵԡ
ֻǸһ˼·һУȴ
˲١
޼ʦʵôǿأʵͨ޼ɶһǿߵжǿ
ҵǸ磬۷Ĵڣƿʱ䡢ꡢɱ¾֮򣬿磬ҵʱ䷨ȫʧЧˣ޷סʱ䣬귨ҲǱѹƵҲƿһϵɱ¾ҲһΨһǿӦþǽ֮ˡ
޼ε˵ţɫĮ
Ϊʲô
ԭܼ򵥣汾ԴڵǸǿ޷ƿЩ򡣡
޼磬϶бǿˣҸо١
̲סһ£ԼҪߵ·ƺ˭޼ɵʵûС


1219 ƹ
֪ЩҲûãߺýÿһǹؼġ
޼ʦѧԺڿʱֻһ꣬ѧԺޱʱѾȥһ£ѧԺҲһ˽⣬ѧԺڵôڿβʣ
ô
޼һ֮ǰΪǶźˡ
Ȼ˵Щ뷨ģսķʽڿΰɣǵѧĹΣʱѧѧʲôǾͿǸ˵ˡ
Ҳáǵ˵ͷʵҲΪʡ
޼ʵǿḻ϶ܳΪĳ˵ʦֹÿ˶棬Ҳ֤˹ƽ
ȻԺҲͬ⣬ھȥ׼ȡڿεʱڣԼ֪ȫѧǡ
ˡ
ϵ˵֪Ǻܷ飬ΪѧԺǵݶΪĴΰɣϣ޼ʦΪѧԺĴε
޼ɳ˼һ£ջͬˡ
ǻȥ֮󣬿ʼݷ޼ɵ˵Լ
ǰϸĴըģʽ϶ˣģյ˱ԼϸȼյٶȣΪȽס
һϸȼգʵףȼ30壬ʱһСʱ
ϸȼգʵףȼ30壬ʱʮӡ
ϸȼգʵ߽ףȼ30壬ʱΪӡ
׵ϸȼգʱ̣ʵĸ࣬ȴܿƵˡ
ԣĿǰֻס
һ£Ҳ͸ҿһ׺ͶģʽΣ󣬲׶á
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ҪͻƵﾳĽ׵ΪԵѾͣ
ΣǵİԼĹһ£һ㹦ֶأֶټҲ˻֡
ĿǰǴ¯ĵһ׶ΣΪء
æЩ֮ǳԼĵ֮УǸֱۺͶϽǶ档
ֻǵڣ¯Ҳûаֱ۸
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ô£ʱĻȰȼϸʧѪָȻ취ѹƽڰأﵽ¯ĵڶ׶Σʱ¯ǿҲֱۡ
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ѧԺ˷޼ɵһνӣһº
ѧǳСѧʱ޼ɽ
ѧԺ棬Ϊ
ѧԼһλʱջԺȻǰ;
һµʱת۹ȥ
һ棬ָ˲٣һֹͣΪҲҪ޼ɽ
Ҳǲܴһ顣
ѧԺ棬һͽˣǷ޼Խģޱȡ
һ磬컹ûѧˣռһõλá
Ǿ˵鷢ˣλòģΪ޷ǰλȥ
ǵšڵ䲩Щε⾳׵ΪȴǰŶȥ
ƾֻһĳǰȥڵ䲩ߣǲûͣ¡
ڵ䲩ƾıӰﰵ޳ܵļһﾹȻǿˣû
һֱߵ˵ŵʱƾоǱһɽһҲǰ˷ֺ
УţһҪš
ƾҧҧ徹ȻѹˣǺˮԽȥһ˵š
һƨ£ƾһһеѹȫʧ
ţҲá
ƾаѾˡ
ƨɻûȣͿһǰ棬˾ȻòСȡ
ѧԺ棬ѧڿٸ
Ҳпչںһ˵
ǧѷĻᣬô˵Ϊ˹޼ʦҿǰһϢʱ䶼ˡЦǳΪµĴۣû˫գûнڼգϢϰ࣬ϰϰ࣬æ
ðɣĽܴҸо棬㶼ﾳ
˼һ£֪㲻㰲οˣǱ߶λӣҲȥԼڼš
˵ͷ϶ǵһţҿûȡ
ڵΧѧԺƸĺͬԱ˿Ҳڴ
Ҳ޼ɽΪǲѧԺѧʦֻڵ޷
ҲѵõһλԵ


1220 
糿ߵʱ򣬵ΧѾȫˣѧԺ˶ˡ
ѧԺѧӽˣԱǧרְͼְʦǧˡ
ѧԺҲһĸĸѧԺѧСѧͳеĽ׶εѧϰȻܱҵǰʱڵľ
ڸн׶Σﵽһǰпһ֮ͨܽȥͶ
һǱ֤ʤ̭һҲΪѧԺԴޡ
ֻǵڣѧԺѾвѧӵл羳ΪǸвΪûдﵽȴǳٳûн⡣
ǰš
˹ħ֮Ϊܿ죬Ѿ˻羳ס
һĳǰȥһֱߵ˵ڶš
ʱоϵѹҲᣬûܼǰȥһȥܲһмļλãͲܱ֤ˡ

һϲСȣҸռλãԱߡ
Сȡ
һȴͣ˽Ų϶һĨЦݣãлл㰡
յ˵ڶţСԱߡ
ƾֹȻǰһѺù
ո֮󣬰׳ˣһ£ԼΪ޷һţֻڵڶѡһλá
ʱѾµҲںĿţһϵĻᶼʲôˡ
ڣи˳һ˹ȥ
ҦܣҦŻ羳׵ΪѧԺȫǰеѧˡ
Ҧһ·ߵ˵һţʱԿҲɡ
λá
Ҧüͷע⵽ˣȻǵһţΪÿһŲǱֱģǳһֻΡ
Ļλþر͹
ȻѾ˵һţȻҪһ£Ժԥĳλó˹ȥ
ֻ֣ԽǿмλãѹԽÿ࿿һ㣬Ҫϼ
ȻС
ҦܷԼ˼ޣǾȻҲֻ˽мλӵĵط
Ҧ£˻ԡ
ǵ糤糤Ϊʲôмλáˣһǫáһ˵ԱΪǵ˵
ҦĻ֪θ룬ǫʲôǸûʵȥ
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˿˹ȥʱֻһȥֵıҦɣȴмλ֮һ
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ˣ˺ҦܶӦһλãҲûмλ֮ϡ
Ҧ֪ĵ͵֮ˣܿǱʵȻҲ˵
һֻ˵ڶš
ţ֮ˣҲ˵һţȴǵһűȽϿߵλá
ףǻ
˺ȻһǷѧԺ֮кܵ͵ѧȻҲ˵һţмλ֮һ
һ̣˲ע⵽ΪȻѾﵽ˻羳һǻ羳Ľס
һƥ
ţҲͬ뷨
ѧ֮ԱߵλϳѧԺһЩʦӰ
Ϊףǰ棬ʦں档
һϳʵϼ⣬ѧԺ
̧ͷȥȲѡ
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һϳ£ַתͣ˾̾ѡ
Ҹҽеһνռ򣡡
޼ɵ𣬴ÿһ˵Ķ档
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Ǵ֮֮֮
޼ɿÿһ˶뵽Լ磬ʼ֮չ鷨򣬷棬޴ڣǧ򣬸ƿط򣬷
һޱȵĻﻺ³ȻⲻǹȴǶԹõڹ͡
еѧǵܱߵ˶˽ȥ
ֻ̺˾ˣ޷˵޷
ŷ޼ɵĽϵĹʼϵתЩ˰ЩĶԼĹ֮С
éٿΪʼͻ
һ꼶ѧΪȻһ·񾳽磬ǰ˶Ŀɿڴ
ΪΪʲôԼףֻǸоԼһЩȻȻȻ۳Ԫ
һ˵ĽȴǸӵ취л塣
˿лϳķϣһ汾Դעȥ
ô£
лһȻ֪ô£ȴǿʼЩԴ


1221 
ֻлΪ⾳Ľһ·ǵ⾳Žס
лԱߵļѧһޡ
Сףһ㲻Ǹͻ񾳽ѧ
񾳽磬츳õѧʮˣ⾳ÿһףܶҪʱ䡣
лɲЩЩ汾Դﰵˬ
Ҳô£ӦþǱ˵Ķ뵽һ˺һ״̬Ҳǹͨ汾Դ汾Դ
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ô˵Ҳǲ༶齲һͷҲܿˡ
ȻԽԽѧջʦΪⳡֱֱӰ
ڵ棬ҲǷ׷ͻƾ硣
ԼҲĳ˽ȥӵ漶ԱȱĶѾڸ޼ƿصַ
ջֻܴΪȼϸĺ֢ûлָԲûͻƾ硣
ȻͻƵﾳĽ׿϶ǿԵġ
ˣĹ֮УΪȡ˷޼ɵһЩأеԽ˳
ϸҲڳʮӣȼϸɵȴ˲˴룬ȫֵĻָ
һֱ죬ʱ򣬻Ϊոչȥһᡣ
ǰһ£ӽѧȻķ֮һͻƵ˾磬ֱֲ̫ˡ
ע⵽޼ɣԵúƣ
ҪĽرԪ񣬲ȻչֲϣҲ޷Ч
ˡ
ǿŷ޼ɣϵ˵š
š
޼ɵ˵ͷֻǵһΣЧõ㣬ԺͲЧˡ
ҲЧ㣬νȻвѧ档

ʱ䣬÷ɿ졣
º󣬷޼ɵĵڶνʼˣһǵջ󣬶ȫָˡ
˳ƵģǵĹͻƵ˵ڰأﵽ¯ĵڶ׶Ρ
¯֮УǻüΪֱֲ۱յ죬ڿʼ˱ļ
ɾʱǸоֱ֮оȻһɾ˵־־ھţѹȻҪ¯򷭵ĸо
˵飬Ȼ־
ţתĹһѹȥ־
Ȼ־ѾˣȻǿޱȣǡ
ߣмֶΣ㻹ҪԹԵıѹΪͻƵ
˵ţ֮ڵÿһϸǷһ־һ־Щ־Ȼǻһȴӣֱ˵Ĳд־ѹסˡ
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Ǽѣʱ¯һɣд־ȥ
ʱϢǵԺ
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еõһֽԴ񹦡һ֮Ĺ
ֻ⹦ոմϵͳõġ۴ħ̫ͨԶˡ
۴ħͨз򣬶Դ񹦡ֻеĽ֮򣬲ܴ
⹦Щرнϵ츳ѧҲ㹻ˣһ·ླ硣
Ϳ˳ֱˡ
ڴ¯֮еɻȼֱϵѪ⿪ʼڻΪ
Щĵȼܸߣע壬Ϊ
һºǵΪͻƵﾳס
ºǵΪٴͻƵﾳס
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ΪѪѾȫˣʣµĹͷȴζˡ
ֱֻֻ׵Ϊʵڲ⣬ҪҲĹ̫ˡ
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һУֻʣ¹ͷֱ۾ʹ¯֮з˳ȻǻΪ۰׹ǣֶԸɿǵģαôִš
䣬ֻһ
Ͻ˵ϣֻʣһݹǵֱˡ
ǳĬһᣬ֪λֱ۵˿϶ѾˣҲɢ֮еĲд־ڸո뿪ɢ
ǰͷŵһߣ˿ϽǺýϧ⽣⡭
ûнĽ㲻Ͻ
ֻѽĽӦĻٵˣΪϽѾûκεĸӦ
ɾʱ򣬷޼ɵԺαؿϧʵõĽ
̲סһ̧ͷ˿޼ɡ


1222 ѧԺ
޼˹ָָֻʣ¹ͷֱۡ
ǵ˵ͷȷʵˣѽԸɿֱ۹ͷΪ⣬ȴʲţҲͬġ
š
޼ɵ˵ͷһжϽֹǶУۣ
ζڻֹǣ̼仯ΪһɫķĩȻ۵˶ϽĽλá
ģһˡ
ǿ⣬ֱѽȫһȱ
ĵȼҲڴԭһױԴﵽ˶ױԴǽӽױԴ
л
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ѽԺԸѧʹãԼˣԺȨתĳӦҲ˶ױԴļ
Ժν󣬽ǵĴνһҴ㽲һ¹սĶô
ս
ɻѵˣ
ǵģֱӵ֣һ˲սٶķҲûá
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ڵѧʵҲȱˣֻ£սϹһͨԼѧϰľʲôģ֪ôó
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Ϊʵ
ֻгԹˣ֪Ƕôʹ
ʱȥϵͳûٸǷ񣬵깫Ǳ߽չܲΪѧԺƸλ벽ﾳʦۿǵ֧Ҫˡ
ܿ죬޼һνҪʼˣεĽ޼ҲҪعԼˡ
ʲôʱٴΰѷ޼ɸٻǾͲ˵ˡ
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ǩԼ飬ΪѧԺʦ֮󣩣ǷѧԺ
ʲô
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ʱ䣬ǳʱӦöȥˡ
Ӱһ
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һ˼һ£ǰȥʵǴ˭ѧԺнǵô
һ￩һ£Ժ֣ϣԺû
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硭
겻ǰǸСɴˡ
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ٴοǣＤѣһǽѧԺ
֪ѧԺһѧԺĶߵʱ˶ˡ
Сѧѧһǧˡ
ָָСѧѧĵطǱôڵһֽ¾Ž
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̲סЦǣ¾ŽԭѾˣѧԺλʦǳΪˣڲϵ⽣ڶµʮ߰ˣνһһҲһһھ˵߰ģܴﵽ⼶ˡڿģֻǵ档

ĿɿڴʲôȻʮ֮߰࣬ûи
ؼǵѾôʮ߰ʲôģѵһҪƿصĽࡣ
뿪ʱ˰ǰʮĶ㣬һԡ
ллԺ硣
˷ܵͦϲýģĽֵѧϰ
߰ɣ𾪵Ļء
һЦѧԺ䳡ȥ


1223 ѧԺ
ѧԺ䳡ÿ춼ѧս۹ʽ
Ǻ߹ȥÿһضˡ
Ҿԣû⾳
ôˣҾ͸ġ
˵սһ飬ǵһһʽǼ˴ӡ֤֮£Ҳ˷׷׽к
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⵽ʲôһѧԺʱ޿̶һķΧ֮УҲǶһЩĸ
ĵطֱߵá
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š
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ѧԺСѧɲǰؼԼ뷨
ҵΪѧԺʲôģ˼һ£̲סʵ
Ǻ켫ޣӦѧԺ磬Щ꼶ѧһ𡣲Ĺ࣬ǸսҲѹһͷܺ쾳ڵһսѧԺȴֻеȣͬΪʤѧв١ǲǴȫ۽⡣
Ŷ˵ͷûʧ䣬һɶ־
ǵ˵ͷǳǣ֪ͱ˵Ĳ࣬٣ʱˣŬ׷ȥҲֻʵǸ߷塣
⻹ֻСѧ䳡أҴȥһ³в䳡ǻ˻֣Ѿ任ʱա
ǣ
вѧдѾɽ󺣣ݻһЦСǳȻڵս㿴ȿռ֮һĿǰʮ֮࣬зԲСҲзԲʮǳвѧսĵط

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ҲЩ̲סЦȺѧҲû˭ˡ
ϸʯһǧдĸս߲һЩš
оȻʣд100Ԫ7գɷǳѧѧв򡣡
ѧв٣ѧԺѧûֱ뷨
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ͼſڣѧڰĺ͹黹ѧǸɴֱӽ飬ͼ濴
㰴ΪѧԺ꼶ѧĴ꼶ѧؼ㶼ԽġǵȻΪѧԺʦȻṩһЩ˵ǰѧԺѧķʽ
ллԺ硣˷ܵǶ꼶ѧؼһۣҲаĲ顣
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ôǷ޼ʦܲȥ
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ûоܾɣҪˣȥһ죬Ǹǹȥʮ죬꽲ȥǸ綼ȥһ»ࡣ
ô
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˵ͷȻЩʧԺֲǲܽѧԺˣʱֿ
죬޼һνʼˡ
ȥ˵ڶ꼶ѧȺռһλãǺۡ
죬һ춼ͼ棬˲ٵؼиǽһɺȭ˵ⱾҲ쾳磬ʺڵһǽţֻҪŵػ֮ǸͿܾˡ
ѧԽԽ࣬ǰŵѧȥ𾪣ҵλٶţ볯ǰһ͸оǱһɽһߵǰŵѧ֪Ǻεȵǿ󡣡
ʱ򣬺Ȼһףһ˵Х
Ҫʼˡ


1224 սʶ
̧ͷȥѾվһˡ
ߴòҲ⣬㿴ȴ̲ס羴
Ƿ޼ô
ţһ죬ҲҪΪĴڡ
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⻰¶˸Ȥɫ
ֻ֣ÿ˶Լսʶһ˽⡣
޼ɵĻڼͨսʶӦͨӦսʱķӦһֵҲܷӳһֵĹЧͬͬ硢ֶͬεĸ֣ʤ忪
սʶǳԽͨһһԷӳֵĹЧԽսȻΪѧԺѧҾСѧ׶꼶ԺÿٶҪӵսʶ
𺳼սʶսʶܰһֵӳķֵĹЧСѧ׶ξӵ𺳼սʶҾѾ֮ܳΪսš
սţ
Сѧ׶ӵ𺳼սʶѧԺ֪мˡ
ֲսʶܰһֵӵֵֵЧ׼ȷжԼսûԷ㣬Ǹȡʤּսʶвʱܴﵽͺá
߼սʶѾ֮ܳΪսˣΪⲻǿ츳ģҪս㹻֪ʶߵһսڹؼʱͻԼļޡӵսʶһԷӳߵ˷ֵĹЧǲбˣȴǺη壬ܴ漣˵ڸн׶ӵսʶ˲ˡ
׼սʶܰһӵʮֵ֣ܳԼ壬ƿΧһУǵսѾиɻеսԼƿ֮УսûпʼѾԤϵսĽԼܵȡʤսʶѾѴﵽˣǴѧ׶Σܴ֮ﵽ˹Ҳࡣ
ϼսʶʵڶûдﵽҾӵսʶˣÿһֵܷӳĹЧǾȥ꣬ǵսʶҲд棬־޷ĥ˵սʶѾܱ֮Ϊսʶһ־־
棡
ѧʦ̲ס𾪡
ѧԺ̫оˣǶ̲סҪˡ
ΪÿԼսʶȼһǽһҴսռ䡣棬ǽԼÿһԼӵкһľ硢һֶΡͨģǻ֮󣬻ֳһֱȥ޷ܶԷʱǾڵսʶȼ
޼˵ţÿ˵ʶһĿռ䡣
Ȼܰôͬʱսռ䡣
Ȼһңӵͨսʶô
ɣҵҪԼӵʲôսʶ

ʮӺһһ꼶ѧ˹һʧȻҾȻֻӵͨսʶ
ţʮ˹
ʱȥһ꼶ѧ۾սʶˡ
ʱҶעԱߵˣڻսռˣսʶ϶ֻߡ
һ꼶ѧ棬Ȼһû˳˾˶˹ȥǾȻֻдʮСкŤˣ϶麹ȴڼš
СҪˡ
ʶ⣬ǰѧġ
˵ŵʱ˹
˿̵ǰա
⣬ʲôսʶ

ɫѿֻôһ㣬ҾͻܶԷˣҲͬھˡ
Ŀɿڴ
һ꼶ӵгսʶһͶԷͬھˣѾӵ𺳼սʶˡ
ǵ˶꼶꼶ӵ𺳼սʶ
һһ۲۵սš
ѹ֮һ꼶ѧҲͶ˹һ꼶ӵгսʶģҲֻˡ
ˣȫѹʵġ
꼶ѧжڼֵģ
ڼš
ߵ˷𣬶Ŀǰ꼶ѧѾʮˡ
Щ˿϶ٶǳģл𺳼սʶġ


1225 в
ڴĿ֮УʣµĶ꼶ѧ
ͨ
Ҳͨ
ǳ
ʣµĶ꼶ѧ棬֪û𺳼ġ

𣿡һѧϳˣǳǾȻڼš
𣡡
꼶ѧʣˣ֮һǡ
ҪôԺ˵ҲܳΪĴڡ
׺ˣֻʣˡ
׺ʲôսʶ

׺εһͳԼͬھˡ
ֻʣͱڤѩˣڤѩðģһŮզô
Ҳ֪ѧԺڸкܵ͡
ȷʵҺһģԸܹƧƺ˽
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Ϊ棬ͱڤѩﵽ𡣡
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оǳвѧߵҲʹﵽ˿ֲ߼һûС
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ţԺ֮ҲõϢǷ޼ɹģѧǵսʶ
УҦܡ֮졢СЩ˶ǿֲ
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׻ãӵôߵսʶǴһ
ˣơ顢ĭ׶л˶ǰ벽ֲڵݶˡ
ȥǿͱڤѩ
бڤѩ𺳼Ҳеȵˣǲ۲۵սţȱڤѩһֻǳ𺳼
Ͱ׺ΪԼǳ޼ȴǸǶΪ벽𺳼
׺ˣֻһ꼶ѧȴǲͱڤѩܻҪˣҲǲ۲۵սš
޼һУʼԼսʶ
ܽҲ㡣
һսսˣսʶȻ
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´Ҫʮ֮ˡ
ֻ֪λȥҪõһҲᡣ
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޼ɿ˿ǣԺһ֮ѵҪˡ
ȻЩ᲻ãҲ޿κΣģҳ÷޼ʦΪѧԺʽʦ
޼΢΢һЦ߽ԼĿռ֮š

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ʱϵͳȻ
ϲ֧һʮǼ￨ƣɷԼ츳Ƭʮݿ
ˣ깫ʦҲ̫˰ɡ
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Ѫ񾭡Էǵ磬ʺϺ󡣡
꡷磬ʺϴĺ
컯ĳС˵ʺ
ţЩ±ƣʲôĳС˵ôһ㶼Ȩӡ
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ǿһ£֪˵ʲôãֻϢȻġ
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ʵԪɰ˼
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ӵɢߡ
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ΪԪɰ˼ʵʵﾳ˽ס
ǳ˼һ£ǻȡ񹦣ȻͿʼٻ
һȥǰҲʱǵԺ֮оȻֳϵͳʾ
ϲﵽвڽв
ʲô
һҸҲ̫ͻȻ˰ɡ


1226 ѧԺޱ
ǵģѧԺѾӵλԪɾʦﵽвҪ󡣡
λô
ϸһ£֪Ҳ깫λѡաȵȻԪɾսɱϾԪɾ硣ֻһֿˣһ깫Ƹһλߡ
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ϵͳĸвʲôӵģ
Լȥвڽ֮УѧԺҲӭޱ䡣
ϵͳջ˵Ƕ̲ס
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ٻ˿ȴǷڷû
ʦȳȥлһ˵
õġ
ΣԼôһӵĸоѵԼս͵Ժ
Ǵ·ѸٵѧԺߡ
ʱѧʦҲ߳˽ңֹͣѧԺܡ
ֻԭѧԺڵĵطСѧͳвȻѿҸԳ޴½ء
ͬʱвڳԶƮȥԶСѧ
ҪʲôǽвôôСѧͳвˡѾǰı仯µˡ
ʶɨȥСѧڵ½أѾзԲʮСĽҸӷɢ
ѧڵ½أзԲСҲγµĽҡᡣ
仯ûֹͣСѧͳв½Χһɽ壬См﷽ԲзԲʮ
ɽ棬ÿһⰻȻ羰еڿεĿãеǰ칫ңе䳡Ǹ;
ѧ˿ҲԶֿ
СѧѧСѧ½ѧѧѧ
Сѧѧ֮䣬سһŨʶĲ鿴
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еı仯ڽˣв͸в֮䣬ҲһŨʶĲ鿴
ʱҲյϢⶼϵͳġ
в֮ȡѧԺǰСѧͳвӵ㣬ѧԺʵзʽӵӦ֤ܽѧԺ
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ֻǸһ£֪˾÷
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ǿ˿Լ֤һŽɫĿƬ治Լͷ񣬻ԼְλϢѧԺԺ
ѧʦѧ֤ʦ֤ԼԱԱ֤ɫһơ
ѧ֤Ƭ꼶Ͱ༶Ϣ
ʦ֤ƬڿϢ
Ա֤Ƭ͸λϢ
ѧԺͼݿʼԶ룬СѧӦ伮СѧͼݣвӦ伮ͼݹввӦ伮вͼݡ
¹滮ԺҪƾѧ֤ܽ硣
ϵͳѾ½룬ͼݵĵطЩ伮ѾŹá
Сѧв͸иһǰӦÿһĿռ֮ʧˣֻһ޴ʱ֮ţȴͨѾ硣
֮⣬ı仯кܶ࣬Щı任ƱҪѧԺĹʼı䡣
磬ԶһԴ棬ǰĸ꼶ѧֻҪ㹻ܶһԴǲˡ
ڶӦ꼶ܶһӦ꼶Դ
磬ǰСѧѧвڵҲǿԵģڿ϶ǲˡ
磬ǰѧԺһǹСѧǹܳвԺСѧв͸вȡЩţǼ򻯵

СѧввһԺ칫ҡ
˿̣ڸвԺ칫棬󣬸Ҹӵĳϡ
λвʦ˿̻±֮УһͷˮѧԺ֪׾ʲô
ǿһ£һİףԺ֮гһϢ


1227 ѧԺ군
ʦֽ֣һλˣﾳĽΪ
־ͨ׷ϵвС˰˵ѱѧԺƸģ깫ȴǷ˵ֵ㣬Ǿ̫ˡ
ֱԸܳΪһʦƱԴ
깫ЩͶãѧԺġپǰʮ˵֣Ȼ־Ϲˡ
ǣ깫ûлѶٵֻǴӦѧԺѧϰġپ־ǩѧԺԼ飬ΪѧԺʦ
˽ЩϢ֮󣬰ͷ
ѧԺȱʦĻûж٣ƸһʦҲֲѧԺһ̰塣
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ֻڣԺ֮ɫ
ʵѧԺ֮󣬵־֪Լһ˲ĵطԺѧԺһǺӣƱԴ룬Ҳһʵ֡
ţӭѧԺְѧԺ֧ƱԴ롣
ǵģѧϰѧԺ֮ҺܿһͻƣΪϵһʦ
ޱȣϴ΢Ц
ǵ˵ͷϵʦģȴûʦ
ʦʵʦʦƵǱʦȴƵķ
һʦ϶ʦʦΪʦȴкܶ·Ҫߡ
ѧԺʷ䣬ԤʾµĿʼҲһЩ뷨ȼȻѾ˸вԺĸвһҪڿΡγ̲Ҫܶ࣬ÿһ¿һοξУӦĿγݿǰȥѧǰԼѡϿΡ
ȷʵӦСѧͳвѧһζΪǹ֪ʶҪǸǿ˼·Լ֮·ԽԽԶ
깫˵Ҳǵ˼
ΣвĽҡסޡԱͼݵȷ棬ҲҪְ֣ת
У깫ʦҪƸʦԼԱĹҽƸʦһвصȥƸʦñһЩȻΪǿ󣬵֮ѧԺϵ޷ΪѧԺṩˣþͲҪƸˡ
󣬸вѧҪʵԺΪǰһЩᣬ֮еðǸܺõϢԴƽ̨кʵðҲ԰ŸǵѧȥһЩ񡣡

ǰеĸвѧۼ
ѧԺһĸвѧѧԺвĽ滮ÿвѧӵԼһɽ壬ΧҪƬڰ֣Լȥѡɽ塣ɽ棬ԺƸʮˣΪǴɽ壬һЩѧϰ֮顣
ǵг˸вĵͼ
ͼ棬ȷֳ˸;нʦԱڵɽѧԣֻѧ֮һģЩɽҲ滮һЩ䳡ҲֻǼСһ顣
вڵǧ﷽ԲĴ½ȴȫǽҡͼԼһЩ칫ĵط
СѧвҲƵĹ滮
ʮλѧصѡԼɽ壬ԺѧԺļˣڳΪ֮ǰǹҪסܾá
һºѧǶӦѧԺĸı䡣
ڵѧԺӵл

ʱ֮ϡ
һɫҴҵķɽһͣķɴڣС
ȷôһӵĻһϳй֮ԵĺӣҲ۾ĵӡ
ȷˣҲǴģǸĸʵȷţҵʱ׷ɱǱ屻֮©֮㣬Դӱ屻֮󣬱ѧԺ˾޴ĳޣֻܹҵæȷһˣһ˿Ϊ屨
ʦʱûҵԴҾ֪⡣ҲϧһһױԴпܵõе֪ڴ֮ǰõ˴Сô˭ҷ˵ʱлǰļˣѾȷǸȥĳĸʡ
˵ʱϷһ˿ЦҲѧԺѧ棬Դ϶䵽
ӣԴǸѧԺʵǱ壬ѧԺΧ֮׽棬ô׵ġ
ôѧԺѵܵ۾ɣѧԺ군ˡ
Ц̶ԱҪףϵ˭ƿһУڱĵ۾ǱΪûе۾ŻᱻѧԺ


1228 ս۾ѧԺ
ӵĻȭͷ
ǲǿΪûе۾ȻѧԺǼ塣
ںӺ۾Ϊ˵õԴ۾ѧԺ˱һѧԺ
棬վǿʵ˵
Щ֮󣬱Щֺõ˵ӣǲǿ֪ͨ۾ˣ
ҡҡͷԼ뷨
ʱҪԻԴ׸ʦ⹦;͸ˡĻʦһͬʦҵġ
һˣ
Ȼ֪ӵΪѧԺ֮ǿԴûпܡ
ҵȻУʦƣѧԺǴһĻܻܿԴġ֪ѩ罣ôǬԪ߻˰ǧҾһ仰Ҫ׳ѧԺôۺʵҲͺǬԪ࣬硣
ӵֱӸ۾۾֣ȴΪ˸Ĺͣٴκٻ
⡭ѧԺĽԴѵŹѧԺ
ﲻ뿴ѧԺӵһ١
ô˵飬֪ʦԴʵʵؽѾǷʵʵĽԴҲкýġңֻҪ֮ǰԴ˹;С
ãѧԺһҪһҪ
޺޵˵ЩǺȴȫΪ⡣Ҳһӣ˭һӵ뷨
ϣ滹ںĭһŽ֣ûԤϵһΣȻ١
Ҳûͷֱ࣬ȥ鷳
Ϊ֪Ľ֮е־ʱ̼ţᱩ¶Լ
ѧԺԹԵĽԴãǲܻܿ뵽޴Σ֮С
ʱȻ̻ߵġ
˼һ£һͨѶѧԺ
ͨѶ˽ƣûл羳׵Ϊ޷˵ĻͨѶһﵽλѧԺԺʱֱӺԻֻҪˣԴǸǱϽѧԺҪԹԽʱһܳûΪԼҪһЩ
Ӹ
޵ȴǲϣô׵õԴѧԺֱӾܾԴ۾٣һѧԺмһת
һаպӵļƻš
ѧԺ֮С
Ժ͹Ķ˵Ҫ͸㣿
ʲô
ڰ칫ж̲ס̧ͷȥȻһͨѶ˭ôȤ
ͨѶ˽ƣһ˸Ʋ
Ҹоˡ
ǵ˵ͷᵯĽƾʧˡ
ŽʧͨѶ˳˺ӵӰ
ѧԺԺ
˿̵ĺӻڣ֮ɫ
ӡ
Ҳϳǰ֮ˣ̲סüͷȻҪңַͨʽ
ߣ
Ӵ˿ЦѧԺԺôĵӣѧԺѧõf۾ĴУΪʲôʵʦ
ʦΪʲô
һ֪϶֮ǰ¶ˣɴҲƱ硣
㾹Ȼϴ
ɫоǶӣʦôѰԴȴĬĬ˽̵ˣѧԺﵱ
ﵱ
ţϳ˾˵ɱ⣺˭ѧԺ
⻰ŭޱȡ
ãõúܣǲ㽻Դˣҵţʦǵ۾

ǲȺӰѻ˵ֱͨѶжͨ
ͨѶһΣѾףȻңʦֱ޷ˡ
ǰϲòϽ۾ѧԺɡ
ߣȥ
ӷŭҪ۾飺ѧԺǱˡ

ѧԺ֮С
̯֣ͨѶΪĩɢһأ۾˲ôǽ׵ĵͽ׵۾ѡƾﾳ߽׵ΪȼϸɷټԺȨȵ֮ӳɣҲôηˡҹ
ҲʱԺ֮ϵͳ
֧ս۾ѧԺҪ󣺲ܡһ￨װһ¹ҩһǧš
񣿡
̲ס̫ˣ۾㾡ɣ


1229 ۾֮ŭ
ˣ˴εǿǺ˵ġ
һǧŹҩ裬㹻ѧԺܳһʱˣһһ￨װ
ϵͳû˵ʲô￨װǾʲôпܣһ׵۾ģ̡
ȻĿǰҲֻˡ
ϵͳΪѧԺõ㹻ĥ£Ϊõ㹻Ķ϶ܳô۾һֱӣǶϰˡ
εʱӦụ́ܶԱҲǽˡ
Ϣ뿪˵ĽȻ󲻶ϵĳһŲƶȥٶȺܿ졣
ڣǰһֲĻϵһȼյĺǱը֮ɢǺ֮Уγɵ
۾ĸۡȴڿռλĵ۾֮ڡ
ӾƽһԼ飬һŭȥ۾ᱻ۾ᡣ
֮ţ
ӵǰĿռı˺ѿһŻӡ
ȥһ޼ʵĻ𺣡
ӶԴѾ죬֮ţȻ֮Ÿպˡ
վֻлڵ磬ӵĿ⿴˺Զĵطлĺ򣬺Ȼһ޴Ļ湬зԲʮ
ңңȥһȼյĻ棬ƺҪ춼տ
۾סˣ۾
֯һԣӳŹȥֻΧһɫǻΪ˻һ㡣
ſڣת۾͵ˡ
˿ſڵһͷʮ׸ߵͷޣֶԷֻƳԼһۣȻٴα۾
ͷͷ޽ͷڤ룬һʵǿĻޣںСʱ۾ֱҲŽ۾ʵͷڤ볣פ۾磬ػޡǲʶߡᱻһڸ̵
ſڣӻûнȥһŮӾ˳
ŮӴŰɫ·һϢһѽǺӴǬԪߵѩ罣
۾Ů֮ǰ۾ȥf۾Ĵ磬ʱǾͼ
ǽ޽ţֻ˸㲻۾Ļ֮Ůȴѩš
ʦá
ӿ޽ţڰĽ֮ɫ
޽ŵ˵ͷȴЩֵոո׾յϢ˵ش棬ڴء֪ʲôشϢȸ͸¶һ£
΢΢һЦţһȥʱȻ֪ʲôشϢˡ
޽̲ס죬û뵽ӾȻһ㶼͸¶ֻøźһ˴
֮ڣ۾һл۶ɵ棬ڲ鿴ʲôѶϢ
ףʦˡ޽ȵ
š۾˵ͷ̧ͷʱȴһ΢΢üϵҲԽԽ̫ƽˣû߾ΪþͲҪȥˣʵʵ
һԼǱѵô
ֻ۾ʱǰһĵ۾˾ﲻԶĶӴϵɱλ۾Լϰλߣʮλ۾ΧȻˣȴҲ˳ȥڶ֪㵽ȥˡ˵禵۾Ҳɱˣһǲճֵ֣Ļ̵̻ģûܵõԴȥҲ׽ȥˡ
˵۾ĸоĺۡ
ճ֣ڣ֪Ϊʲô˭ҪСġ
Լ뵽ֻȥһȴôӰ졣
棬ܸĶ࣬Ͼʱһսճ֣˭Ҳ鿴жԶԶȻ˭֪Լ᲻ᱻϡߣʱܱ߶ϵˣѧԺҲϵ֮ЩЩϵ˾ǿˣҲʶǡΨһ׷ľǴЩˣЩ˶ϵģϵж˿ڣ˵ǵ֮ͻȻֵһЩ壬˶֡
ȴǰϲԼʱǼæʦԲȥðˣҪϢǹԴġζҲԴʵ䵽˱˵
ʲô
۾ʱɫ΢䣬ϳһĨɱ⣺˭ô󵨣Ȼ˽ҪĶ
ѧԺѾ鵽ѧԺһλѧf۾ĴС˵ʱ򣬻ϵķŭ
ѧԺ
۾߶ţŵıӺȻճ˻ҽһԵ޽ſ֪ϲıˡ
ɼ۾˿жŭ


1230 㾹ȻҲһλ۾
۾ϵɱѾΣźӣ˵Ŀǵ棿а٣ɱҲ
Ӷʱɫ䣬вôŵǵǧȷѧԺԺˡ
⻰һӾ֪Լʵʵ˵ˡ
æʵҲ鵽Ϣ֮ƾԼʵԴҪ׸ʦʦˣԾ͵һʱϵѧԺԺ˭֪ԷԴһޱȣҲޱȡ
۾Щɫ˿䣬˽ĺӡ
ʦˡ
Ӵ˿̸֪۾ʲô۾ǨŭҲ̸ʲôˣˢһ¾͹˵¡
޽ſ˿ӣ˵ʲôǳĬˡ
ڣ۾תһоͰѺӸз㷢ԴټѾ˴󹦣ȡԴ׸ҲǺ⣬㡣
лʦлʦ֪ԼûйˣʣµĿɶǹˡ
ףھҪȥѧԺȡԴô޽ſڣŹѧԺأǸҪԸǣȵһѧԺ
ûбҪ
۾ȴҡҡͷϵʲô۾ʲô̾ǧ꣬Ҳ֪֪ףѧԺ϶ûе۾ǿߣȻ˵ңǼҲע⵽ˡһûе۾ϣǣǷ֮顣
޽⻰ĬĬͷ
ԽǺӣ۾һϵǿߡ
ϵ˵ϵ۾ϵĴڣΪ۾۾ϣע޿ӡ
ȻѾȷԴڣȥȥͻأžС
۾վһ̶ˣֻҪõԴܰԴԼ֮УΪʱҲͿԴƽ׵ƣͻƵĽסˣԴһ˿ԣܴпӵܣӶ춨Ϊĸ
۾˺ѿռ䣬ѧԺȥ
֪ҲΪһʱĴ⣬ȴΪѧԺĵʯ

գĵġ
Ƕڵ۾ǿǺ绹̫ˣֻŷеĻһ۾ǿһϵɵһϵҲҪܳʱ䡣
٣Ҳǵ۾ļޡ
˰ռŲԼȻ˹涴߲֮һطٵһط
վǺ֮УԶԲһжĸ֪
ȥıؾ֮·һٶ꣬۾սҲӰ쵽
Ȼռһ˿ʲôǿĴڿٴռ
Ѿ˿ռ䣬Էȥܡ
꣡
ռѣڻ֮ڵ۾ŭ˭Ȼҡ
ֱڣ۾û뵽ǸԸ
ǿŷŭ۾ȴ΢΢һЦ۾Ѿڴ˵Ⱥʱˡ
۾üͷ˭˭ֻﾳ߽׵Ϊȴҵ·ֻ·һ
ǶԴ˲֣۾ǵ۾ѹģһߣ컹Ǳɡ
ôҪȥҵӦþңӦðһжˡ
λѧԺԺ
۾˲ˣϳɱ⣬ԴģڽҿԸȫʬ
΢΢ҡͷǿϽԴͲ۾ˡ

۾Ѿǵ˼ûе۾һѧԺҺҽаˣǿЦ
ɲЦԾ֪ˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôΪһսѾ޿ɱ⣺ɣ۾һսڴܾõ顣
һߣ͵۾һս˭۾ЦȴϵЦЦ֪ʲôǵ۾ӵ֮ǿߣ۾ȣʮǧǿߣҲĵ۾
ô
ȴǲÿɷûԺȨȸ֮ﾳŽ׵ʱҲͽ׵۾
Ͼо仰һ򷨣֮ȻҲ޵еġ
֮ô˵ǲʵҲСǻһԺȨȵԣһ֮ס۾
ǡ
۾͵ɫǱˣоˣǾȻһ֮
㾹ȻҲһλ۾ǲصú
ģ۾뷨Ͼûм˭ǵ۾ӵ֮ġ
۾ô͵ǰɡǳ˼һ£䲻ǵ۾ȴѾ˺͵۾һսʵ۾⻰ȴΪǳԼݡ


1231 ô
ģȻһλ۾ô졣۾ｹУһλ۾ԴϵܲͻƵĽףѾͣ˿ǧ꣬ٵˡȻĻʧȥᣬҲսᣬ޷֮
۾ҲƣͻƵླ磬ʮԪ֮Ҳֻһ
۾ѾԪ֮࣬ʣкܶ࣬ʵѾˣϾ໹Զء
ԽͻƵ۷壬ܳɹĿԽ
ٵԪ۷壬ʱǱѾĴϣԽԽã
涼ˣԪ֮۷ģΪĸʻһɣԪȴһɶ
ƴʱƴС
۾Ȼ¶˾ģ֮ҲֻǿȽһ׵ĵ۾ȻҿΪҲǽסֻҪɱֻҪʱͻԴԹԽ
¶ôǿ۾ɫ仯Ȼ
ɱ
۾ͺһɲǼ仯Ϊһǣ۳һĻͼڡ
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ͬʱһɿֲ֮ǣ͸֮һ嫵Ļ硣
۾֮ڵĻ滯ΪһĻ֮
ƾ֮סҡ
߶ԺȨȵԣһ֮ӵſ۾֮
ͬʱʼȼϸ
Ȼֻһ׵ϸȼգҲΪףﾳ߽׵ΪںȻﵽ˰벽۾ĵز
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ǽȭͷʮ㣬ϸȼգ֧һСʱ
ǵ۾֮սʵرӽȻҲͼӾͽˡ
ȭ
ǵ˫ֻΪȭͷϴȥͶ֮䣬Ѿ˺˰ռ䡣
۾ʱޱȣΰȭֱƽ
֮̾࣬ҲϲΪǵʵΪܾǽһף׵Ĳࡣ
ѾԽ
ֻˣȥɣ
۾һһƴȥ滯ΪƳ˹ȥ֮
һ֮£һжճ˻ҽռ棬ǲòܿ
䣡
ȭཻ˾޴׷ѿ
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۾˵Ǿɱȥκλᡣ
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۾һԸоǵı仯ȻбˣԽ׵Ϊѵѹ㡣ߣҪ־͹̫ˣͬΪ۾ʵһףҲһһ£ǻס
Ļ汼ڶΪһ
ЩſֲĻ֮Դ壬ͨڤڤ֮Ļ֮Դ־ǺӣɱһС
ǰ𾪣û뵽۾Ȼ˷Ӧȫˡ
ʱٳɣ˲
ǣ
۾оһʥޱȵĪʲôҾȻоϢ
ţһĻ֮ϣĲҽС
ܣ
۾ʧ֮Դ򱻡ֽˣ塣
ôǾͶˡ
һЦȴһֳֻ۾ץȥȻϵ֣֮ǵڶл
һץȥӿ˲ŰĿռ䶼ץС
۾ԼȻȫסˣŵĶʱ겻塣
̫аˣѧԺԺ̫аˡ
۾һֻּһ鲼ɫ棬һɫߡ
߶ɫգƿϵֵ֮á
ǳȥ
ֻ棬һɫ棬ֱ׷Ƕȥ
ǵʶ΢ɫ棬Ȼյ죬궼Ǵ΢ʹĸо
ˣͷųɫһзĹЧ
Žȣ
Ǵ˿̲дıɫ꣬ǿɾͿˡ
һУŽó۾˹ȥǷɹɫ˻ȥ
ǡǻϵģ
۾ڿŽȵһ˲±ˡ
ǵʲôֶҲ̫ĪˣھȻܴ߶ϵ
ôߡ
۾۶Ҫ߸ˣҲʶǱҪѲܶࡣ


1232 
ɫϯ۾ԼӲӡ
Ȼ۾֪ں˶ٻ棬ڤһĻ棬ڶǵġ
һֱɫľڤڤҲɱﵡ
ҽףȻѹסˣô˼顣
۾֮䣬ҲޱȵķŭУѵҾҪǿԴԴһҪƴһƴһԼ磬ֻҪȼһֵ籾Դ˵ܰѹˣǽһ׵ĵ۾Ľ϶ҵ޷ȡ
һ̣۾ҲǷˡ
뷨Ϳʼ߶ԼĽ磺ʮ֮һֻҪȼʮ֮һıԴͺˡ
ЩԴ˵ǱȼգʵǻΪһע뵽塣
̲סһΪȻڸʲôȼԼ籾ԴǷˣԴֵôƴ
۾磬ǽߵĸڡ
Խǿ۾ʵԽǿȼķʵԲС
Ļ۾ǽ۷Ϊʮ֮һԴȼȥΪܻήڣû㹻ıָԼ磬ҪѰʱָܻЩʧ籾ԴȻ»ص۷Ϊ
Իٸǿ
ĺôҲǾ޴ģ۾Ϊﵽ˽ĽףȻʱġ
ˣǵһȼ籾ԴˣҵΪѾ˽ĽףȻֻʮӣǻɱ㹻ˡ
۾˵ţʮ֮һıԴˡ
ǺǺˣ̲סЦѵҪ˵ллôȼձԴȻֻһ׵ΪһΪе㿴ʲôȼձԴԣȼϸŶԡ
ϸȼա
ǳţ۾Ϊ˽Ľףһ׵ϸȼո޷Ӧˡ
һ̣ҲֻܸԲ
׵ϸȼգǵΪףֻǿȽһ׵Ϊ˿ﵽ˽סȻ⻹Ľ׵۾һףǱսǿޱȣ˿̶ܲɱ׵ĵ۾ο۾
Ϊˡ
۾ϳ˲ŵɫоҪԶԶĳ
һ̣۾ĸоˡ
Դ﷭˴˵֮
ŵôôҿɾͲˡ
ǼЦȼϸʱֻжʮӣൢһӣҪаٷ֮һϸΪɻҡ
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ϵֵ֮ĵȻǰʩչ˿ȴʩչ˳
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۾оԼһӪĿռ֮Уһ̣оԼԵĲһˣıԴ־
඼ǣԴ־Ҫôֿ

۾ⶼǼֻһͽ׵۾ѣɱҵġˣȼ籾Դһȼ籾Դ
ˢһ£ֻȼʮ֮һ籾Դ۾ٴȼʮ֮һ
ס
۾һ磬ȼձԴγɵĽͶӰ
Ҳǿķ
ƿ
Ǵ˿ޱϲϵ֮͵һץ˺۾ͶӰ
ǣϵ֮Ҳסˡ
ãã
۾һȴһЦǲ͵λ棬Ȼ
һӣ۾ͶӰֱ
ɱ
Ǻԥûһƺ۾ؿڡ
һƴ͸۾壬۾ϵķףڵ硣
ۣ
۾һѪ˳ɫ˲Ĳ԰ޱȣҡҰˣ
룬۾ϣٴȼʮ֮һıԴΪһ⣬ͳԶȥ
ûȥ׷֪ԼʵҲ˼ޣΪⳡսѾȼ10ϸѾˡϾȼճ30ϸͻ
ߣһӵ۾Ҳô׻ɱġ

۾磬ǱޱȵĻˣ϶ѪĿġ
Ӻ޽ڵ۾˿̿۾ӣ¶֮ɫ
ףǣ޽ʧ
ҰˣܸǸѧԺԺһ㣬ûˡ۾ȭͷ˲ʣϵȻֳһλ۾һλ˲ĵ۾ҵԺô졭
ʦӴ˿ѾŻˣ嶼ɪɪҪ֪۾ṩϢ


1233 ۾Ȧ
۾ӵ̧ͷ˿̲ס۾һ¶ɭȻɱ⡣
ܿ죬۾ڸȥˡ
ֺܹô治ܣԼҪȡԴȴǨŭӡ
Ƕȥɣ
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ѧԺ֮УҲڻָԼȼյϸòʯָĻĻָٶȡ
ϴ޼ɽȻʱΪûͻƣȼյϸȴǺܿͻָ˹ûĻˣòʯָ10ϸһھָܻ
ţʯ֮еѸٳȡһСʱһ鲻ʯǻΪ˷顣


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ǲͣЪĻ¶ʱ䣬ȫ޸ʧϸ
ȻҲֻԤƣΪ崦һֱȽϿյ״̬Բָܻô죬ϸָ5Ժϸܼߣָٶȿ϶
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1235 巽
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1236 ڤ
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һ֮Ǹоƣֻôˣ൱򣬶ĿǰȽϻߡ
־˵ͷţʱˡҲѾ罨ϵڤ־֮Сڤ϶ֻô㣬Ժͨ׼ķʽڤ磬Ҹоڤ־ҪڤҪ̫ϵôС
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áԴ˲İ

תۣһʧˡ
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Ժ˵ҽĹؼҪҵͨ졷ͼԺֻǲ֪ΪʲôԺ粻ֱѧԺЩţȻѸٵĻصԼסʼǵõ֮ѧԺɺȭֱͻƵ쾳ǰ

ޱߺġ
Ũֲᵮô޺ͱøѹһѧԺʯǺЩˣڽȥʮһ飬ʼѹΣעⱣϵ
ѧ⻰һĳ֮У뺣


1238 ƽľ
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ⶼСѧѧǳѹιĶܲ˼ֱɣǿԵģԼ۸񹫵㡣
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ȻЩ鲢ûΪ켣ı䣬ָı䡣

ӥϣڽѰԵϢ֪Ҳ⼸ҪִһΣ
ǿϢСڣͣеһɼǿĿֲϢȻӸ߿յԶǹϢίʵ̫ǿˣһֶܹӦĸӦԶˣȻҲܸӦ
үүϢϸ𣬱㷢ˡ
ȥߴСڵ£Ƭ̣Ӹ߿տССͥԺ
˿̣һն˳ԴԼؿҲʮӡ
һ̵ľ鼸ԭֺԼɱԼĳˣͬʱԼҲõ˽ѡ
Դ˿Цȴ
ոԵؿһһһжϳҪʱ类һ㣬˶סˡ


1239 ı
СʱľԣʱԴģȵɽׯҲԴġ
˵Ժһʱ䣬ĸص¶ҪĶࡣ
ȥĴ֪
ԺвԽػСһĳ棬ͯʱԣҪ԰æ¸ԵĹ֮Уһδν硣
ǰиӣʮꡭ
ÿһν£Կͷǡǰи۾ܹԼǰֱԼ˯ŵ龰龰ôܰȻӽԺǸүүҲˡ
в΢΢Щʪ૵һҪүүѧԺѧԺԺ硣Ժ繦컯һԾүүġ
үүѧԺȴǷָС
ѧԺδʦ֮һԲܽȥүүȴ
ô죬ô죿
𽹼֣ʱѸٵʯǺµͨѶ˵죬үү
ʯǺ˱ڸϻ·ϣ˿ĺʱɫ䡣
Ǳ߳ˣ֮ΣһѸٸϡʯǺ˵ֱ˺һŷ׭ȻͿռŤٴγֵʱ͵ǰ
˲ƷѧԺĵƷ֮һ
ʯǺףΪѧԺǳ磬˭֪ᷢʲô飬˲ƷϣΣյʱܳȵġ
òصѧԺǻҪȥġ
ʯǺ磬үүΣһа취ĶԲԡ𿴵ͻȻֵʯǺҲ˲þˣקסʯǺֱۡ
ţҿˡʯǺ˵ͷʶһɨ֪᧿ΣǱɡ
ȻȥǸı飬Ǿ͸ıɡ
óһŵҩԵ壬ѧԺƵһֽɵصƣҲܵסһ
Ȼȥ֮ԱѾҪʱȥȴӲıסˡ
Լޱȣǰֵʲôˣõⵤҩƺܲ򵥣𻯷ɵĸо
ǲ˵˹ȥ
⡭ô£𲻽ԵϢڣΪջء
ɵע֮£үү쾳ΪܲסȻιȥˡٴӦѾû֮ΣˡʯǺЦЦˣүүûˣʣµļˣҪԼҾͲˡ
ţԼ㹻ˡʣµ׷磬ҲĶӣɱȥ
ô£Ǹ˵ʲô·ǡ׷˿ĵ𾪣ҪǱʯǺŵˣʯǺոտǸо嶼ܿ
׷Ȼھôˣһɱ
ҲͻȻֵ˺ǿץסΪʣδزѳȥ
սһʼǾ֪Լˡ
Ҳ̫ǿˣ⹦쾳ڵȼϾɱǵĴڡ
ѧԺǿѧĳһӣ¾ŽƽʽһͰ׷ͷն
⡭Ŷôôǿ˶Żˡ
Ҳȥ׷ɱȥû߹ʮغϣͱ׷նɱ
һصʬ壬ȻдǡҸʵˣߡ
ʯǺ˵ͷȻ𻹲뱩¶Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ӰһԶݶȥ
ɽׯ
үүû£㲻Ҫģ㸸˹ˣҽ˵ҪϡҿˣǸҽʲôϲʯǺЦЦ
ǲʲôҽҷ粮˵ȻǷӡ
Ŷˣȥ㸸ȥˣʵɣҾҲ㸸гУˣҲ޺ˣ㸸ҲĵģûϵԷʵʯǺȰ֪һ
֪ȵүү˵ɡ룬ʱһҪеүү


ôˣصɫϾޱȵ˵
֣ôصƣӦñɵģȴĺúõģƻĻָ룬ʵ˵
ŶϣԲҪ£ȻСҵġصһ˿Ҳ˲׷еԭˡ
ү㲻ȥС𣿡ӳ˼һ˵
ȥֻʵ䷴ѹͺˣʱһ˵ԭġص룬ˣҵĶɽ֮ھһº󣬲Ϊε飬ζɽٲôס
ò˵ǳĴ¾Ȼû䣬ȴǰˡ


1240 ô
ÿ춼ԵĴǰϰ졣
ʣµʱ䣬Ƿͨ졷ͼʵҲԷԺ档
ѹͻڵһʱ֪
ظ顣ʯǺ˵ţܳΪƿߣûԭġ
ǰҸԼһ£ҪһҲѹԱһ꼶ѧ˵ʱ䣬Ƕ͵ǸԼżˡ
ãʱصҲҪɽˣɽٳɹ϶ǾµʱֻҪصƷҲˡʱĻȲҪص¶ɽٵӰ쵽պһսҪֲУֻоõĴУлȡʤͨ졷ͼܹؼʯǺϸš

ˣʱȥһ졣
һԵķ棬ָȻһ£ĸоˡ
үүҪˡ𼤶ޱȣʱʯǺҲע⵽״ϹˣͬĻмѧԺѧ
һ̣ҲΪ
үүүү𺰵Ǽɫ
СС𣡡Է˺ܴ۾˿̻ЩãȻҾȻţʱǱɵģôܡ
ʯǺȻ㡣ԣڴϡ
ʯǺ磿ԿһϤףɥʧʶ֮ǰһˣ˸һŵҩ
ҡʯǺЦЦѲԺϾͺúûŰɣԺĳɾͣζ벻ġ
СôҼõĺӡҴѲȻҲɵѰԵ˵ͷ
ո϶кܶ໰˵ǾͲˡʯǺһָѧԺѧ뿪ˣЩѧȴǺ֣ΪȻ͸Щ˵ΪԻΪЩ˶ֻͨˣûҰν롣
үүкܶҪ㡣룬ڴԼ˵
ãС˵ЦЦ֪жô
үүʵ쾳۷ΪСС͸¶һ¡
ôܣ㲻ǲôѵ⹦쾳硭
ǵġ
϶˵ĿɿڴҪ֪֮ǰɴδʲô˵⹦쾳磬һ⹦쾳۷塣
Ҫʲô⹦ɾͽô
һʵ̫ˣ㸸Ҫ֪ˣ϶Ϊ˵ġ룬ҲΪˣ֪Ը񣬻ƭ
ҲˣһһλʦЩһ԰ﵽġ
ʲôʦ
ԸоԼԴˣ⹦쾳ˣզˡ
үүվô
Ӧÿԡ
ԸоһԼ壬Щ⣬ȴûܹһ
Ҵȥҵң˾֪ˡ
˵ţԳɽ׵ط
˻ʮӲŵʱһأҵžͿˡ
үү㿴ЩԽȥָָһӡ
⡭ж٣ԿļӣŵһıͨЩɢĹâжϳЩɡ
һǰ˼ƷһʮƷΪԺ˵š
ô࣬ȻôࡣԾ۾ɵϴ󣬼ѣСǰ㸸æˣôڣ㸸ƷͳΣ׺ܶࡣ
֪ȻҾͰЩȥ롣
СǧҪΪҵԹ㸸㸸ѾƷԼΪʮþȣ˭֪ıʣ˴ȴǷҪлл㸸Գ˼һ£ҲǵĴ١
ҲûԹ޸ƲƲ죬᲻׸ĸ顣
ţǾͺáЦ㸸֪ôʱ϶һģǰ綼ȥˡ
ٺ١̲ס֤ԼõˣұԸá
ʱʯǺӰǰ
ʯǺ磬ôˣֵ
ţʱʵһֱ㣬㸸Ӧľ٣ɽ֮ʵڽ졣˲˹ƱҪ㸸ɽٵʱ򣬰㸸ɱˡҸոյõϢ㸸Ѿһսɱ⡣ʯǺ˵š
ҸҪɽˡȻǾҪҵ˵óѡ
ޱߺĵɽȥü
ǻʲôߡ
үү棬䣬ٻСڡ
ɾʱһĽӶɽ澹ȻһѧԺѧ
ѧɽׯһͳһװԸоԼۻһ㡣
ôܣôɡ
ˣر֤ҸİȫʯǺ˵
ôȥһУһȥôˣҿ㸸İΣȲ˵϶ᱻŻһԸȽϻõѧЦ


1241 𾪵ص
˵ͷȻѾ̯ƣǾһ㡣
үүȥȥͻء
ãã
Դ˿Ȼ֪ô£ҲܿɶȻİ֡
һʱ̣ļĪ
˭뵽ģڲжٵɡ
үиöӣöӣ
ԿԶȥıӰţ֪ؼҵĸҲ⡣
ɽ
صѾҺ˶ɽٵĵطԭ֮޶Ȼ֮ء
ɽ٣ʼ
ӵʮһԾ䣬ʱڱԵĸԵɫԣԭ֮һڼ飬ؼʱص£㵼ص¶ɽʧܡ
ľˣľС٣һֻĵףɹ֮۽𵤣Ϊеɡӵ
ϣһ׺ܿ
ȣ
һͺص¿ͬʱصµ͵ĻѾʵʻˣؼҡʼʾ켫еĻ֮
ͬʱһɫصУƷҲص¶ɽٵ̡
ӵ˿ص¶ɽٵĳ棬һǴҴѹֵĺܣڵһ׾ɹȥˡ
һ𵴡
䣡
һɫ׼ٴӸ߿£ڶ׺͵һȣӴִɫĹâӴۣǱѾ
Ҳʱ򣬺Ȼӵɫ䣺˹ˣɣʮԲ
ʮˣΪ׵ºУҲԭ֮һ޶ԲȴǴﵽʮԭ֮ж֮ࡣ
ѡڵڶ׹صвʱʱպá
ص¶ڶףֳ棬ʱɫѿޱȣ޷ȫӦס
ص£㻹Ȼɹ˵ڶףûлˡ˵š
ү鲻ߣʮԲʵǿ̫ࡣӽ˵үģҾƴҲҪΪүסǣүרĶɽ٣Ҫġ
רĶɽ٣һôרģҪؼҲɡص쳤̾ϵĽƸӿֲˣĻСӦԣɽӦò⣬һĻĸоģʮҲֻܷӳ֡
ɱһص¶ɽٳɹһʮ˳ŷӵȥ
ҿ˭ңɾʱһװŭ̧֮ͷȥһһӥԶӶ
ʲôˣµüͷȥȻ¶ޱ𾪵ɫ
ֻ֮ϣͻȻ֣Ϣǿޱȣȫ
Ⱥм䣬һһӥӵм䣬ҫۡ
ʲôˣôɣЩɵΪȻҶɫ԰ףоЩɶɱ⣬׹
ͬʦֵܶѡʯǺ΢΢һЦļʱ㲻˵仰ô㸸ǹȻŵˡ
˵ͷߵǰŸصµ㰲Ķɽ٣Ǿͽˡ
С𡭡
ص´˿̸оԴˣǰһĻҲ̫˼˰ɡ
ΪǾ·ˣû뵽ȴǳķתתĻԵӡ
ҲĿɿڴѵѵС˴˵еţǾȻ֪
Ҳǲضãڳɣһӳһһųվ룬Ҳֲ̫˰ɡ
ˣ˿̱˵Χɱصˣ߾Ͳˡ
صĶӣѵССٻȲȥصٿϵĵףġ
ԥģƷɽ١
ʯǺ˵ͷġͨ졷ͼѾ׶ΣЩø㵱ĥʯͻƾ磬ôС
˵ţʯǺĽµһնֱնһԼʮɵĹ֣ŵĻ겻壬Զص¡
⽣ԪӤڡ
пʯǺһӣȻǲµΪνζȫ
û˸ص¶ɽ٣޹˼ɣЩ˾ɱȥʱʲôɣҲη塣
СӣƾҲɱǡ·ŭȻЩ˲ܣǸС֣סʣ˵ܻ

һȺ˵˵ͷҪס
Ǻܿ죬Ǿ֪Լشһʹһʹȭʮûκ飬ɱλԲ
Сһװ˵ѧҲʵ̫ˡŭһնСѪ
ܺãһ˾նɱǡţҵġͨ졷ͼһ͵˼ޣǵȷõĥʯ


1242 
뵽ӷĴ߶ͨ졷ͼµȴֻܱ׷Ŵ
꣡
һ̴еĵ˶һ
˭뵽һ쾳߾Ȼܹնɱ˴˵еɣҪҲΪѧԺĸ棬ԭ֮иǿˡ
ܣ
ºȫš
̫̫ˣеΪȫҡӶޱȣϡܿؼҪˡ
ɱɱȥʣµļԲĵҲѱնɱֻʣһˣٰɱˣͳװȫˡ
Ƕˣ˰ɵʦֵܣһţҲв㸸
ڲ˼ʱ·ĺսһ顣
սȥȻ磬ȴǳŲסˣһԺ֮£ֱӵɳȥʮԶһѪ˳
ôôǿ
·ŭޱȣʮֵĲģٿ˿ѾŻ׽ˣҪɱ
ת䣬ȫһˡ
´˿ѾűľģÿһѾɱУȫѹס϶˲ʡ
һ￴ǲץסңҪЮʯǺǣҪɱңҲˡЩ֪ԷҪɱﻹиȫƶԼ
ɣ
ţٶȺȻһֱʺûзӦ
ǱУȻҪնɱ
һΣϮǰδе
ҲʱһУȻһƬһ˲䣬ȫʱȫֹкȻ֡ͨ졷ͼ֮еͼ
һͼ񣬴ӵһͼһͼһ˲䣬ĸо
䡫
֣ɫɫɫһ໥ƣγһȻɫס
꣡
µһնɫ֮ϣȴסˡ
ˣһ㶣ΣϮ˲䣬ڰѡͨ졷ͼ״̬Ȼûɱңȥɣ
108֮ٶȻһӳǰһȻ̽µԴ
˿һĻȫûзӦ
һ̫ˣĳ֣ʵ̫ˣ𺳼սʶչ¶ɡ
ˡ
ţʵһ˾ͰеȫնɱˣҪ֪ɻλء
ɾʱϺȻһֱס
һĻ˶Ǵʧɫ
ô£ӾһеСֱӳ˹ӹߡ
ҲʯǺѧԺѧˣǿ֪Դ
һִͻƣͨͼռ״̬ҲʹĴС
ƺҲԤϣŷӵ粮ϻᱻһطʱܻǲõҡ
һô治£
ʯǺʱ˷ԱߣЦİɣȫĺܣþ޴ôٻʱ϶ѾΪˡ
֪ʯǺĿֲʯǺô˵ǰˡ
СڣʧĸɸɾʱصǱߵĶɽҲˡ
λص˹ʯǺ
ͬʦֵܣүͲҪ˿ˡүɽٳɹóųûзٵĹԵأƷͳΡʯǺʦܣʱͻ
ãõġصµ˵ͷѾ˴㡣


԰Ƶһٶȫ˹ЩǷӶһ
үһöӰӾ
ǰǶΪС޷û뵽Сȴǲļţڻ˿ֲʵص³̾һ֪㲻ĲԺСĳɾͿǶҪ
ֻǿϧҸղѯһСЩʦֵܣȴǲԸǵ߸飬ֻᱣүİȫ̾һʯǺԸ֣ƷͳҲǻ֮顣
ؼҪƷСʦţǲԸֺϾԸ׵顣ܿСϣǵİȫʵѾܲˡص»ȴǲʯǺˣؼ׼˼꣬ѵܿԼƷ
ү˵ʵСʦֵǲԸ֣ڣѾڲ֮ˡ룬ȻˣүھͿʼƻɣ
šصµ˵ͷ¶⡣


1243 
ʮ֮صʽԳܹܹ
ʯǺһѧԺѧȻûֱӰؼҽȴҲ˳ı߾ֹܱ߹ҳû
ԭ֮һģһؼҼĲչ¶Ҹ赲֮ء
˿̵ѾĴУʵΪľ׼š
ʱ仺ţѾƵפضǣ᧿Σ
ʱԳ֣вص£ȴΪص׼󲻵òߣȻֻȨ֮ơ
Ҳʱˡ
ڵԵĲһˣԵøӳˡ

磬磡
𺰵һ˱һ
ʯǺʶûдţһСʱһ˲ų
ʯǺ磬лʱؼҵİǳʯǺһʯǺЩܳ
ӦõġʯǺס𣬡ǲֱӰնɱ棬ҪԼ
Լ˵ͷ˵ʵûбʤģϾҲֻ൱ڽ𵤾磬ǸȴԪӤǰڣʵһ󾳽硣
ҲԺʯǺȻ뵽ʲôҲ֪ԺԺָһǿɷԽ𵤾Ϊɱ룬ȴҲ¡
á˵ͷȴҲͷ࣬벫ĻҲʤ˶ԷȫûбҪԵȼգȥһطԺ磬ʱͻ
Ժ磿صסƺôôŤء
ҵʦҲʯǺǵʦ΢΢һЦ͵
ԭ𡣡صʲô¶˳羴֮ɫ
ˡ˵꣬ԼĽʦ֤ͻأʧˣصµ˶һ
ѧԺһ磬ȥһ硣ʯǺ򵥵Ľһ£үҵŰɣӦþͻɱֶΡ
Ŷصµ˵ͷȴҲǰŰɡ

ѧԺ֮С
ڲ򹦷̧ͷ˿ˣ΢΢ЦĴˣͬһҲֻ־硣ڵ񣬾ֱӸ⹦Ҳһ·Ҳ˵˭ǿ˭ɣֻʺԼģõġ
Ժ磬
ˡЦЦȻ˵Ҳǳ书ΪĲͬǳ书ȴѾƫˣԽԽƫҪһȫͬķ
Ժ磬ҽҪһսȴûбʤģ֪ʲôָҵģ룬ֱ˵
ôǳ˼һ£ʵʵǺһստ϶ȡʤȴҲʤȻ㲻ϧңҲһЩǰõõһֽħеһ־Ų㣬£Ծ֮䣬ʮתţһֲֿսҾͰһ㣬ֻҪһɣѾڲ֮ء
̫ˡ𼤶
⹦ɲּصģһӰ񣬾ĻҪԼ򡣡˵ųĶͷ㣬ϢԺ
һȻ͸оһֵĵط
ֻǸطƣһɫĹâ֮дǹ켣£ͷ·ǬǳһԲؽɫâΪһٴμ٣磬磬⣬
ֱ仯ֳ޾¡
ĸСʱ۾¶˲ŵɫԺ磬̫ǿˣֱǷС
΢΢һЦ˵ˣ˾磬ȻдáˣʱǸʮѾѸղŵӰӡԺ㻹ǻȥɣʵ̫˷ʱ䡣
š
˵ţǶȥ
ǳ硣
һͿʼ˱չأںһս֮ǰѴһ㡣
˶ҴҲ֪Ӧڲʲôǿط
ˣһ¹ȥ
Ȼ۾һˣڵʵҲһ㣬治ǰھŲʲôΡ
Ӱһ˴
صºͷ̸ʲôֻоһ紵ǰͶһˡ
СɶʱģӾޱȡ
ոա΢΢һЦҴԺѧһ־ѾˣҾȥɱ룬Ϊؼҽ֮ǡ
С㲻ٿһ£ΪϾһ󾳽硣ص룬Ȼģǻȥðա
ģսҲģǸ֪Ժ̸ҵж˵ţٻСڣֱžǷȥ


1244 һս
ͬһʱ̣ʯǺǽһսܴ
Ҳȥصҧҧɽһ׷ȥ
һ֮󣬾ǡ
ˡţֱӷɵ˰ԳǻʹϿա
һһӥԻõĵɫǳ֮һǳ֮֮Ե֡Сھ޴չâҲΪԭ֮ǿ࣬кܶôСڣ˿ȴȫΪġ
Ӵ籩һϯʹĲ
룬ٳ
ǳ֮ȥ·һΪĳ·ɢȥ쳹ǣ񵴡
һʱǵ˶Ȼһпȥ΢߶˿ɵһӰиӥΡ
룬ٳ
ϻصţǽ֮ص֮صʹˣ˶ˡ
ͬʱһġ쳹ʵӥҲ
Сڷ·ҪһƵģӥ߿֮Ҳϻصӳǵ˶ȫסˡ

նɣɰǽֵ֮ϣһڼҸ쿴ԻõӰǸ˵ʲô룬ʲô룬ѵҳĵһʵôͬͬһˣ
һ˶˴ţǶǸˣ˶ж֮
նɲеʵȻڷˡ
Ȼ
ηСڻʹϿմСС
һӻʹ֮д֮ۻ˿ڻԽصʱһӰƿնֱӴӻʹ֮зɵС
۷ɣɫƮ˫۾ֱ֮ǣ롣
̲סЦһһӥԪӤڶҲ鷳ǿЦ
룬ʵȻϧӦԼһİɡȴǵȻһ㶼
ôϷ޽ǧ꣬ͻƽڵԪӤڣȫϷһ˸ͻƵģҲԪӤڵ湦ȴǰĺܡ
⻰ȴЦˣԪӤڵĹţôѧԺ֮СѧҵʸûС
뵽̲סЦ룬ҳʲϧһ㣬֪ٷɽ֪񹦣Ƿ֪֮
ɫ΢΢һ䣬һޣôʲô֪
˵ʲô֪ҿҲһܶѣ֪ŵĿֲЦ˵棬ֻҪɱ㣬ؼҵĶԹҲͳ˽ˡ
ɱңȥɡȻĻԼʵţȴҲʵɱ
Ǿսɣ䣬ֱӳ룬һִֻɺȭؿڣһֻȴһնԴ
һû뵽ôϵķ
æֵȴǷʽޱȾֱǳ֪
ôֵƺ©
䣡
㿪һһȭȴǺؿڣȴǲûشΪȻһƷսס
ϧˡ
𰵵ʱץס˻ᣬһ˳ǹֱʺ
ԪӤڵʵһǹֲޱȡ
֪Ӳת˸ʧߡ
ɫ΢䣺ʲôȻʶ׷١
ٴγֵʱ򣬿룬üռȻ䲻һɱû뵽ȴս׸סˡ
Ŀ⣬ս׿Ʒʱǰŵõʯѧϰµ֮սס
ʲô˲ģ쾳ʱƷˣһװȫұҲô
˵ţһԼȫװ磬ɢеĹâѥӶǡ
뿴һ
ʵѾ˽ˣȻǶһģԪʵǱúܣ͵ɡ˵ţٴγɱȥֻӰ˸Ӿʧߡ
⵽ʲôá
ȻʱͿһıնðǹֵȥһȴƹǹնļնûбսװĵط
꣡
ιֱӰѷɽնϣоԼһֱֻ۶Ƿˡ
Ҫɱ㣡ͷŭޱȣһִֻǹĴ˹ȥ֮иǳһǹӰʩչࡣ
Ȼ֮Ѿڲ֮ء뵽ͣЪʱɱȥ
˼غѾദˡ
ʱѾûս֮ģ̲סǳԶӶݶȥǰڽĵط


1245 ۾ۻ
𿴵̲סЦһֱ׷ȥ
ѾزôߣתͿ廯ΪһƵģ˲Ϣǧס
ôô죿ͷȥǾ֮ɫٴ
ɱȴǲЩĳӶն塣
һоһֱҪԴŵѸٵĵԴ淭ȥ
ֱӲͷƤȥͷնһء
ЩʧҪһֱӿԴжãһжˡ
ͣЪ׷ɱȥ
һ֮
𿴵Ǳޱȵ룬ʱൽˡ
ǳһ
ʱĵ֮ڵƼеɫԪһ˲ȫȼԿɼٶڼ٣һʵֱӴﵽ˿Ƚ𵤺ڵĵزѾʵ಻ˡ
ͬʱӰһΪţŸʩչͬĽǳնɱȥ

뾪ȴǸ޷ֵ
ֻŸÿһնҪࡢüġ
ϾԪӤǰڵΪȴǲûʱֻޱȷŭĺҺò磬ôҲġҾҲҪù
⻰뵽ʲôɫһ䣬ʩչڽȥ
Ȼֻһ޴ıը֮ԱˣԲһ˲䱻Ϊƽء
ըƽϢ֮йעһս˶ڿŽ档

һӰ˳𣺡Ӯˡ
ȥԶ˶ˣҲûʹ֮е֮׻
ʯǺȫ̿һսǳ˾壬һǶһԽ𵤾Ϊɱ룬ԭкС֣Ҫֲˡ

֮󣬳Ϊʷ
ʯǺΪɣò뿪ǳ硣
Ҫȥˡ
ʯǺ磬ټ
żΪʯǺУصȻɽ
ţټ
ʯǺ΢΢һЦѧһʧǳ磬νǳ꣬ȴÿ˶ջܴ
ǿѹΪʯǺҪͻƵɾˡ
ˣȻƺûзӦ
ˣѧԺȥˡ΢΢һЦ뵽ѧԺԼһǸطĺ
Сʵһֱţ˵ѧԺǵһʲôĵطص룬̲סʵҲʵ⡣
ѧԺôһĵطй컯Ժп˺յʦһȺɰͬѧԺĻҲһԱ룬ȴǸһģĻشصµ˷ˡʣҲ͸¶κιѧԺϢԴǵĸˣѧԺϢһܸ߱ˣܻܿд
ѧԺ֮С
ǵһʱյɵʾεϵͳ츳Ƭһ죩һʮһ£
СѧѧⶼǺܲĶ
ҲȽϤϵͳԣСѧɵ񣬽Ķܳʲô￨֮ġ
ȡЩ֮ŵѧԺԴ棬ѧǶһ

ʱš
ת۾꣬棬ǵΪûߣǶڹ֮ĲջС
ϴεõʮɷ棬ġʾͳçļġݼ񡷡ϵƵģ۽綼Ǹˡ֪⻹ԶأΪЩҲֻͣŵĲ棬ȫջ˲ٻ
ϾЩ˵һľ
żǿԼͨѶ뵽ʲô뵽硣
ǵ۾ˡµ۾Цڵĳһģѩɽ֮ۡ
šǵ˵ͷϸ㣬ʱȥˣǲǷˡ
ǵģոճأ֪ͨǡµ۾ЦӾһ֮󣬵صںǣ֪ǵ۾ûʱ䣿
Ҹûʱô̲סЦİɣʱһȥ˵ķҲͦġ
ãҼ֪ͨȥˣϣǼûбչءˣǺǵλáµ۾˵ţһǡ
ﻹͦԶģͼҵӦò⡣ǳ˼һ£Ųµ۾˳磬Ҳ˳硣
ϵ۾ľۻᣬƺͦ˼ģǸһĨЦݡ


1246 Ҷ·
һµʱ䣬գ۾͹ȥ
һգǴѧԺԺķΣźŲƶȥ
ڵŲƣȴʹõ֮ŲƵľԶˣҲӾȷˣԶߵԱȵġ
ܿ죬ǾһʲôƣȻͿһֵ
ڼž֮УһƬĵطȴһɫľ壬ȴȼš
ϸһˣӦõȷһźǣźǵȴߵ˾ͷ⸱ӡǺĵĶӦǺľҲνǺˣɾ򶼰ȼգǺȻΪṩ΢
Ԣ⣬ǲʧҲԷӺ
ǵشһ򵥵Ժ䡣
Ѿĸˣһǲµ۾̸ʲô
룬ֱӷ˹ȥ
µ۾ȸоǵϢվǵ۾ˣϵ½ĵ۾˴
µ۾Ļվ
ѸٵͷųԼ֮ǣǴ߶ԺȨȵԣǵ֮ˡʱЩ۾ҲʶȤû̽ǡ
ǵ۾Ǹոջ˵ءµ۾ЦҸܼˡ
áӰһ˲µ۾ǰʼλ۾
ȱŽܡʱһŮӣȫźɫͷҲѪ죬ҲΨһһŮӣ˿ߵǰ˵ش֪֪֮еһԱΪػϵ˶Ĺףǡ
ŮƺЩ˵ˡ
ЩͷԣʲôѵŮ۾ͷǸҲǱȷ
⻰ŮȴֵǸʲô˵̫ˣŵļһҶʹöˣֻΪ罻ڶȻֵ֣ͰķģţϲԴС
ȫ±ˡ
ðɹҶ·ˡ
µ۾ʱ̲סЦǲǱһҸ˵۾ϲһס
ԭǺ۾
̲ס˹֣۾ƺ⹰ӦǵһǣҲѧŹ˹֣̲סø
λһλʯĵ۾һλħǵ۾µ۾
λ۾
š
λ۾ͺͺ۾ͬˣֻ΢ĵ˵ͷԵЩ䲻ȵġ
ȻҲ˵ʲô˼Һ㲻졣
ɡµ۾˵ţ£Ȼ˼ע۲һ£Ҫǲµ۾ͺ۾ģħǵ۾żһ䣬ʯĵ۾ȴһ仰˵
ˣ˵ôǸܵĽ۾˵û֮һ£˵۾ʲôطвٵ۾ȥѰˣȴһ񡣡۾
ϵ붫Ӵϵһξ룬۾ֻҪӵͺáµ۾룬ĸԣǶһ²һ¡
ߣҪǵϵɱˣЩ嶼ʯĵ۾ȴɫ䣬Ҳ˵ĵһ仰
ǵ۾ô۾Ȼʵ
˲Ҳˣǽ۾ϵΪȻܿš룬ԼĻش
Ŷͷ񣬶Լԭ򡣡۾˵ͷ
һֱ˵ûôʱ̲ס
˵ǳˣ֪֮ͨԼȴֲ֪ܵȥˡµ۾ε˵Ƿģǵˣ϶ģϵҸҿ϶ûбȷˡ
⵹ġ۾˵ͷ
˼ʱ˹ˡ
ƺ۾
۾
µ۾ʱҲ׷վ
۾飬ֱӵ˻۾ǰһץס˻۾ֱۣ㣬ôģôһǧûƤԽԽˡ
Ƕʱǵ۾ôҲû˭ˡ
۾ЦԿòǺƯԶ۾һ˫۾ȴرˣΪص黹ǰɫģر
λƺ۾ȴһλߣܴƣȴܸоϢȴ½Ӧǻ˺ܴǱľһӶ޷ླˡ
ڼʱպȻһ󼤵
̧ͷȥһӣ۾һӣȷȫΪһ֣ΧĹ߶ɵˡ


1247 
ϣӦþǷˡ
ˡµ۾Цžǿ۾һ͵˼ǰ
ߣ۾ǣɫǺܺÿֱӾǱȥͷ
Ҳ۾ǰĿ⿴˷
һֵӣͷϳɫǣ˫˫۶ܴ׳漡͹Ҳ׶ߣֻǳһվһ
λǷˡµ۾Ϊǽܵ
ϵ½ĵ۾ܺáǣЦϵҪһЩ۾ͲϵЩˡ˵㻹һѧԺܺãȡΪϵһЩ˲ţõ˲ܲܶ澺ߡ
磬һġǵ˵ͷŷ˹֡
㻹ںʲôǸµ۾ʱѵһﲻΪ˷ɽǸҲ˰ɡ
ǣǡ۾æӦȻЦ⣬ǵ۾ϴζе˲С˹ҪһʶżȻõһ͵Ǹˡ
û뵽۾һݼɣھҧгݣҲұֳ
Ҳûзϣ̫ˡ˵ţԥĽӹ۾Ķ۾סˣûϣֻӵô죬ҿǴûǲŶԡ
ǴҶʲô¡۾ȻڵҲǺ
ôǺðɡµ۾˵۾ǸҲ˼һ£ܸʲôöԾͷĵİѺӴˣʱֻ貵ɫâӳ˳˶̲סʧ
ྦྷЩŵĿһĪǷˣȻôĶ͸
żȻãżȻá۾ЦԵúǵ⡣
ҲҲʶྦྷģһ鲻ྦྷνǼֵǣǽ򣬳Žɽõ˰˿鲻ྦྷȥ禵۾Ҳֻһ鲻ྦྷѡ
۾ɶʱôˣһѵڵ˲ʯɡ
ˣɡʱ򿪿ƺ˼顣
˷׷ʲôһ˵ҲΡ
ʱ򿪿ڵγأѲһȦϵ廹̫ƽϵķչȴԶԶرȲܱߵĴϵǾӴϵȴǳλµ۾ǳһλ۾ʵҪǳһء
ɫ
ϵϵҲһλµ۾ֵɫϾؿһеԭ򣬾ûΪ̫ˣȥȵطԴЩϵĵ۾ΪȵطŪ˴ԴʵͻƵ۾硣
ֻϵԴĻǵʵЩˡµ۾Ц
ǰˣѾͻƵ˽߽ףȫϵǿһϸ¡ʱ򻺻ڵҾϵ򣬻طǸľ۸ǣѾûôˡ
ʲôͻˣµ۾¶𾪵ɫȻҲ֪
̫ˣĿǶȷ涼ȽϿǰĲڷΪͻƵ˽߽ףսȴǿȽ˽ףǾŽ׵ĵ۾Ӵϵǿ۾Ҳǽ˽ΪѾȫǡ۾˷ôϵʱˣԺ˭ҾǺ۸Ҫһ·硣
⻰Ҳǵ˵ͷ
һϵǿߣһ̶Ͼϵڷͻƣϵǿϵǿһϸµʱǵĵ
ƺ۾뵽ʲôϳһ˿֮ɫѾ˾ŸԪãֻܿЩԼͻƾıﱻߣϣûˣǿɲҪѧңҪʵһҪȡԴǲпܳΪǿߡ
⻰˶Щ˸С
ȻˣԺϵĲԾҪһ䣬ϵפôǾȴʼʽУ뵽̽Ķ˵ȶ֮󣬴Դչ׷䡣
ãû
һȻ⣬Դȷʡ
Ҳû⣬Ժ֮Ҳϵһϯ֮ˡ
˷׷ױ̬ҲúܲԺѧԺѧֶһĵط


1248 Ϊ
˷׷׵ͷԼҲš
ŴӴԺϵսҪ䣬ǰıսԣڵĽսԡ
ǽ֪ͨϵӵлϵֽ֯ЩҲҴˣƿصЩҲҪ뵽˿ˣָ
Ӧõģһȥ֪ͨľǸӡƺ۾΢΢һЦǲЩȻû뵽ƺ۾Ȼľıˡ
޼Դħǵ۾ŵǿ֪޼ϵһ壬˲࣬Ҳǵ͵ĺܣ˵һںǿվѪĹԲΪ޼塣ÿһ޼Ա˵ǿ
ʱһ֪ͨǵġ۾΢΢ЦǸСô궼ûͻƵ۾磬˵ܽԴƻ˻Ҽǵ֮ǰ͵͵Ľ򣬿һβ㱻һ۾ɱˣȴǴҲҽȥˡǸͰȫˡ
ѧԺ͵ҲᰲһЩ˽򡣡ǵ˵Ǳ붨һЩȥѰԴˣõԴԼҪϽɣΣգôϵǡ࣬һ׹򡣡
򵥣ֱӲοĴϵС۾ڵ
ǺãȰϵЩټ֪ͨһ°ɡЩ۾кܶ˻֪ǵĴڡõ˵ͬ
šµ۾˵
ãȻû

󣬼˶Ƿ׷뿪
ȴǰǸˣƺһ¡
ǣϵ½ĵ۾֪ΪʲôҪôƴػϵȻ˵
治֪ǳ˼һ£˵ΪϵȰǾˣ۾ˣ˭ΪһϵԼ
ʵܼ򵥣漰ص˵Ƕϵϵǧ˿ƵǼȡϵֲܳΪĵ۾ϵ˻ٵҲΪ֮Ӱ죬ѳɾͲࡣ˵š
ԭԭ򡣡ǻȻʵһоͺñǵԽǿҲԽǱˣ˵ܵǣǲܵġ
ԣླ磬ػϵǱҪġʱ֣صҰ˵ϣ㲻Ҫػϵһ񣬶ǵԼΣҲмôġ
ˡǵ˵ͷҲи⣬֪ɲΪҽ󣿡
Ŷ˵
ôͻƵླ磿ǳ˼һ£˳ΪĹͬ¶Բ˽Ⲣࡣ
һַʮ֮һȻһõ汾ԴϿɾΪࡣҲΪȣķȼԽߣԺΪĲҲԽǿǱҲԽ󡣺ñĲ񷷨ڶȷһȷˣͬҵĶ֡˵ŵʱﾹȻһͶӰԼĸоΧĿռ䶼ƿˡ
ˡǵ˵ͷϾ֮УԺĹͬΪ࣬϶ҲҪͬĵ·
һ䣬۾ܸһ磬ͻƵ飬ΪѾķѶȴʮֹ˵ȻһЩвپΪһǿķԸڵ۾ȼԪ
ôлμСܱ·

صѧԺǰϵӭĴѧԺʦͳвԼвѧ
ʱ򣬲µ۾ٶҲܿ죬ѾЩϢ֪ͨ˴ϵ
˼һ֮罫һϵĴᣬʱϵľλ۾Ҳ
Ϣ˲ϵ
磬ǻ߲С
ļ壬һܴᣬϵÿķչ
ʱת۾͵һ졣
磬һλ֮УٵĻߣ߷׷
û뵽ϵоλ۾֮ࡣһ߾ֵ˵ţξλ۾дˡ
˵ǹģϵȻǰҲ˽򣬿Ϊûе۾ӣǻʲôöҲǴڲһǵ۾Ը֣İȫƲԸȥðաԱһ˵Щϣ֮ɫ


1249 ǵ۾ô
ҲڰţʵΪ˻֮Ƕٶ֪ϵڴϵĵλܵ͡
Щ뿪ϵߣֻܼβˡ
ϵľλ۾ϵǲй顣
˶Դ˱ڴ
ڻ᳡ڣµ۾Ϊ
ʱƺˣλźõ߿ʼУ½᳡᳡ȴһأȫһС磬ϸСͼΣϵϵͼһȴǴŵһλӡ
ƾԼ뺯ЩսսĽ˻᳡
壬ΪϵŵϺŵҩ壬Ҽλ߼ϣȻʸ᳡
ֻڣȴǱ档
ǵ뺯أſڵĽü
⡭ˮɫһ䣬ոջϵģ֪ôͲˡ
Ȼ磬һֶʵġ
Ϊ뺯
綪ʧʵʵһ¡
û뺯ڡߵðˮŵɫ԰ס
ⲻǰôûյ뺯ͲҪǰˡһŶǵ˹ǵ뺯һš
ţû⡣ߵ˵ͷʾӵ˿Խȥ
ħҩ˾һλߣӦҲֻ뺯ôšˮŭޱȣǶ뺯ǲǰġ
˵ʲôҲǶЦ
߰ɡԱߵһᰲˮҪȥӾħҩ˾λߣ˳ƻߡ
ǣʦӦЦĿŰˮϵҩ⣬ħҩ˾Ӫͦȴʧ˲ٵ棬ѧԺں˰ˡôûһ°廹ǿԵģǾλ۾еľۻᣬѧԺôû뺯˭ȥ
ưͿԶˡ
㲻ߣѻ˵Ҷˣոݹȥһ뺯滹µıǡˮˣ֪һ˽ȥˣȷ뺯ǰģʱҲûа취ˡԲɷ˵ģˮһѾץס᳡
ʱ򣬽ûжǻȴ˦־͸˰ˮһƣֱӾͰѰˮȷ˳ȥȻ磬һƲɱˮǰˮﱻɱҲ磬ؼҲӰ쵽ˮ꣬˵һˡ
ۣˮһѪ˳ɫѿޱȡ
ȴ볡ˣ˿ҲڿһĻ
ΪѧԺɽϵҩҵţ͵˲ˡħҩ˾ǵ뺯ܾܿǸߣҲûκΰ취
ھλ۾ˣѧԺƨãĿɽҲסˡðɣʵ˵۾ټֽ򣬶ħҩ˾Ͷ۾
ԭˣҪǴԴƾλ۾ҪչԼ
ŵʱһֵˮϣ˭˵ģ
ˮһͷȥǡ
Ժ
ˮЩ֮ɫ֪Щ飬ͺѧԺһˡ
ô
ǿ˻ߣȻ磬ģΪ٣ߺȻﾳĽ׵Ϊ
ߣҴô뵽ԼͶ۾λλѧԺԺҲȫصġ
Ŷ㡣üͷԭأ
͵ǰ뺯ǰѻ˵ˮȴȵ
ߣЦһ£ȴýͣ͵ģô
Ȼˣʲôħҩ˾˾ͲҪȥˡǺȻɫ䣬һץͰѻߵ˸ץ˹ߵû뵽ĸҶ֣Ҹ˵ǵ޻֮
飡
ǰѼӵһߣ˶һҲ̫׺˰ɡ
ôĵӣǿ۾ˡ˳ŭޱȡ
ôбңҲٽѵһ١һĵ۾ã۾治¡
ǵĻЩţɶ˼ѵǰͽѵ۾
ļٵģ
ʱһϤǵ۾ôҿɶڵˡ


1250 ѧԺ
̧ͷȥǲµ۾Цµ۾ôԳˡ
µ۾ϵĴӣλ۾ˣһȷһ¹飬ҲһԼĺ󱲡
ǵ˵ͷʵ֮ǰµ۾ͺ˵ЩֻԼҲﲻæѧԺҲûҪĺ󱲣Ծûе¡
µ۾ô˵֪ԼЩʧ
ʦʱߣлᳯµ۾
ˡµ۾˻ֹ֣סȥ壬Ȼƺʶʲôüʲô飬Щôǵ۾˳ͻ
λ߲ҵǰͲµ۾˵һ顣
ԱߣߵѾ亹ܡ
۾ǰ˾Ȼǵ۾ǸովȻһλ۾Բѷ
Ǻãһ۾˼ɱȫǶָ顣
ˮҲضãˮ±ơ
ɶʱǳΪ۾ˣ֮ǰǲôתˮǿϲǳΪ˵۾ǰĵλˮǴˡ
ˣ˿̶ޱĽĿŰļˡ
ⰲ˹ʺˣȻ֪˵۾Ĵȡһš
屻ĲʱҶΪѧԺԺλߣڿѧԺԺ׾εȻ֪ڣҲֻе۾սûе۾Ϊ
Ȼǵ۾Գվں棬ҲһɵˣȻҵѧԺʦʱҴӦˣԺܵõ۾ָ㡣
һ˲䣬ԳζȫܾʧȥһĻᡣ
µ۾Ū龭֮ͷųһɿֲѹǱͱ˵ĻߣֱӾǹ
۾
Ŀͷĵ
ߣǷȥ뺯Ҳ͵ǵΪȥ֮󣬰ħҩ˾֮һĲҵøҩ˾Ϊ񣬲Ȼ͹ϵµ۾е
ǣǣ۾һȥ͸֮һĲҵҩ˾磬ֻҪܱҵʲô
ǵ۾㿴Ƿ⣿µ۾ʱѯʵ˸Ƕλ۾߿һۣԲµ۾Ը۾ҲҪֺǡ
ڵ۾֮еλãҪߵĶࡣ
ɡǵŰˮˮϣҲһȥɡ
ǣ۾ˮеĵ˵ͷãȻ״̬ԭǵ۾ֻһԾܶȥħҩ˾˷֮һĲҵ
λȻٳˮҪʲô뺯һƣ˽˻᳡
ߣȴǴæ뿪ˡ

ѧԺǵ۾֪ȻԷһٶȴϵ
֮ڣ˴˿̾ȻЩԺ˭ǰѧԺʵѡ
ҴϻʽȷΪһμ
˵˰ǰԥ˵
ΪѧԺ飿ʧ״̬
ѧԺԺˣѾȷΪϵľŴ۾֮һһִٳǼѧԺѹϵشλѡѾ㾺ֻ峤жΣͿʽΪһμ峤
֪ˡ
еĵ˵ͷһǰ峤֮λˡ
һЩ֮УҲڴϢϵΪ֮
е۾ڵѧԺֱ̫ǿˣܳΪѧԺѧԲȳΪ澺ѧԱһӳѾ˾
ٵˣҲǶ˼
ٻߡߣϣΪѧԺʦ
˵ݵع⣬ѧԺ׻ˣŵˡ
ϵûв֪ѧԺģѧԺҲ˲Ϊ˿澺ؾĴڡ
˿̵ǻڻ᳡֮Уڴỹûпʼһط𻰡
ǣλǳҲʮ֮һĹ۾ܵǲǺܺǵΪʲôôΪʵʦáұˣһ˲һǧͳΪ˵۾ڶǧˣڰ벽۾ľ硣
ǵ۾Ǹӣʵһ󺺣˿̱٩Щ
ˣųͻƵ۾ǳ顣ǹ۲һ³ֻȫżǿĻϢӦǻϵصķ򣬶ڵǺܴͻƵ۾ԲѡֻһǧͳΪ˵۾ȴЩȻ
ϵֵطһǧΪ۾Ѿ˲ˡ
ȻһЩֻͳΪ˵۾˾̫ˡ


1251 
мλ۾ܸһЩˡ
ĿĲԶʶһ£ԺֵפʱҲչһЩˡ
ڵˡµ۾˵һʾ⼸˶ȥ
šǵ˵ͷȻ˶һƬǿյķ֮С
Ƕˣҿ֮ѡĵط˵óĵͼ滮һȦ̽һ룬һмʮϵӶԴЩǸǲģѡҲǾԶЩ
ǣħǵ۾üͷûв´ĻӦþӴϵȺ̽һٶǰһȹǡ
ǵġ˵ͷ
Ӵϵһʮλ۾ԶԶǿǣѡǲǲ̫ãƺ۾ɵ
ǲ̫ãðȻ򣬾Ҫ㹻ǿƣȻ϶ᱻ˴ѹѡӴϵԱߣһǱͺг𣬾Զǣǵ֪ǽҲ鷳Ӵϵǿ۾ǿҲӦԵļ޷Χ֮ڡü˶ǵһ
ǷžӴϵˡ
ҲǷ˵ģȻӴϵϵǾӭѶϣǡ
ã⡣ʯĵ۾һȴǵһͬ
ҲûҲӴϵЩɵ۾ŵ
˷׷ױ̬û˷ԡ
ģְϵ˽֮һЩҪصĹ˵һ顣
ԣÿֻҪϽԼõԴԶϵϽҪݵĶࡣ

ʼˡ
Ŀռ֮УŸλ棬λ۾׷¡
˿ϵľλ۾ǳ˾η֮ɫԺ׷ϵĿꡣ
µ۾Ϊλ۾ķˣϵļƻ˵˳һȻ
˶֪ˡ
е꣬ѾвٵߺĦȭơ
Ҫһȷʱ䣬ϵŻʽ򣬳Ϊ̽򣬴ԴһԱ

ϵĵ۾ڡ
磬Ҫȥ۾һսµ۾ü
סϵȺ۾ǲʽ򡣡˵ͷ˵ʵͻƵ˽߽Ժڴһսˡ˵ֻҪҲ䣬ӴϵԺԲҶǶ䣬ҲܱߴϵЩ۾
ֻҲ̫ðˡ۾üͷ
Ϊϵðȫֵáȼ˵ʲô˺ѿռֱӴϵ
ǾϵȷĺϢɣһȥǾʽսˡµ۾Ц
ͻƵ˽߽ףǲ񷷨򣬾ǲ۾ӦҲû֮ΣǰΪǲû׼̡ȻȥҸҿ϶߳ɵİղ۾۾˼һ£ҲǣҲôˡ

ʮ֮
ѧԺ֮ȻյһԷѶϢ۾һսʤϵһº֯ʽ򡣡
̫ˣǷ
Ƕ̲סԽ߽׵ʵս˽۷۾ܣѾ˲ˡ
Ͼ۾Ҳʡ͵ĵƣս;˵ĺܡ
ͬʱյϢļλ۾ҲǾϲ֡

һº
ǵڶоȫһ
ˣϵԺҪ̽򡣡Զȥ͸ռ俴ˣӴϵλ۾
ÿֲǾǷôһӴϵĵ۾ֻǽ߽ףȴ۾Ժǵĸ󻼡
Ȼˣ۾˵ˣʱҪӣ˵дϵʱһﻹֻǽ׵Ϊȴնλ۾ʮλߣ˳һ۾ҲΪϵ֮ǲŲò֡Աһ۾̾
֪һĲأǼʲô鶼Ҹɵĳ
ƺţǰġ

ϵǱߣһν˾ͳʮΪ͵Ķ⾳ߺ߸ǲ֪
˼һµ꣬һ򡣡
Ȼû
ǣڶ꣬ǵ۾򡣡
һû뵽ڵڶλá
󣬷Ѳµ۾ŵ˵λħǵ۾ŵ˵λһֱھλ۾

ˣơ
һжܷƽ˾ʱҴҾ͹ȥˡ


1252 
ѧԺ֮УǺȻ۾
ôʱĺÿ졣
ǿ˿ԼΧΪʱչأմȾһ㳾
֮УҲΪ𴥷ǳĹΡ
󲿷ʱ䣬Ҫڲ򹦷
Դ޼ɽһ֮Ҿ֪ԼкܴȱݣǱҲȫûпҲòĹչҰԼӵ꣬һЩƽţһȴǿһǺӵӰһһ㡣
汾ͰһУȻĵ·κηӦҵƿ֮ڣҵƿءҲӦôޣһнпܡ
Ҷĸͨ͸ˣЩ㲻Ұ֮ջ񡣡ţǸһ˿ЦݣջһǰΪﾳŽףһƽ֮ҸԼܻһƵԳ֮Ϊ֮
ӵأֻĿǰЩ̫ˡ
˵ţԿһ׷ԲĹȦȦ棬һжŤˣǿռ䡣
ͻȻһֵСݳˡ
һСȴѸٵ˥ǵСݿήҶӾҪȥʱСͻأٴαɫָ
СһοήȻȼ
̣
ʱһ㣬ȼյĻ涨סˣεĻʵһ
ʱһǻһץС
ӷõúãܳΪɱСţҪ֪Щ۾֮ҲǷۣӷڹؼʱƿķ˺ǵ
ˣȥפˡҲΪڤѰһЩ׼Ķˣڤ־Ѿ۳壬ڵĿռѾ޷ڤ־ĳɳ͸ռ䣬Ǹڤ־־Ѿ״ԵʵԶˣ˵۾ˡ
ӰһѧԺв
һʱȥѧǵĽܿ죬ѧ˻羳Ž׵ΪʼΪ߾׼ˡ
вĻҡ
ǿ˿ڸвʦȻнλЩɶߡ
󲿷ʦ깫Ĺ͡
ӵеԼ飬漸δõģȫ깫Ƹвʦˡ
פ׼øλʦһѧȥǻȥ׼һ¡
ǣԺ
һȺʦӦ͵Ȳˡ
ʱ񣬰Щ𾪣û뵽ȥΪȻѾﵽﾳŽ۷塣ǽʱ˵ȫĶˡ
ˣɡ
Ǿͽһ䣬ʧˡ
ѧԺ֮УҦ졣
ԺˣԺפҪȥôҦѯʵ
϶ȥҲ˻羳Ž׵ΪͻƵ߾磬ҪһЩԵʡҿǵļ˾ˣҲκšҡҡͷ
ǺðɡҦε̾˿ת뵽ʲô϶ҲȥЩħΪܿ죬ƺҪǽϾ˺ҵˣȻˡ츳ѧǱȥ
ţ֪ˡ˵ͷȴǲ⣬ʵ֪Ѿֹһνˡ
һºʽ
ԺҺ͸оƬɢ򣬺һֱܾѰЩƬЩƬϵҾҾҡҷҴˣҸΪϵ漰Ҹ޷ͻƵ۾磬˵ĲླˡȻ˵Щ
ҪȥѰЩƬ
ǵģұҵЩƬȻǣҲܱһˡ϶ޱȵ˵ӱܲǰ취Ѿ׼
᲻ΣգǶǺкøеġ
ģĿǿռ䷨һȷǷĲ񷷨ʵҲǿռ䷨һ֧ͬ磬ŰڣȻֻﾳŽ۷Ϊǽһ׵ĵ۾ҲδҵĶ֣֮¸ûסҡԺ
ãΣգһʱϵҡ
ţСߡ΢΢һЦÿռƿһ֪ͨȥʲôط


1253 
ϵ򣬷оʲôһ
ǵ۾ˡ
ţˡ
Ѿ˷ߣϸһ·ַϢƺǿˡ
磬꿴С
ǰɡ
˵ͷ磬ͻҲǺѣȻǽ߽׵Ϊ
ʵѹһֱܴ۾һսѾ۾˾衣
ڣ۾ڷĳŽס
۾ɹʱ˵׼ͻϵ֡
ͽˡǵļ򣬡꣬Щ˶֪ҵʵȻʲô꣬Ͳұ֤ˡڣȰΧʽ˵һ£ǹӴϵġ
š
Ӵϵλ۾һλڵ۾Ĳ֮ĿǰǽΪ̫ǿǷһλ㥵۾һܹ˺ǺӣĿǰǽΪҲӴϵ½ĵ۾֮һ
һףһô֪ˡ
ӴϵĽ磬һɽΪֽߡΪǽ磬Ҳױͻĵط˫˲ˡⶼޱȵ飬ֻҪǵĵ۾֣Ҳó֡Ϊһ۾ˣǺܾܿ˫Ĵս
ǽĻһϵ
˵֮ЦЦŬɣҲһĺõطȡͻƣΪĵ۾
һε綼֪ˣ
ףת뿪ˡ
ЩΪԼصĺܺãû뵽ͱʶˡȻפأûеƴ£ȻҲϿʵ
ŷıӰЩ
棬ǻ֪һ飬øĲྦྷʵǷġ
򰡣ȷʵǸõط
ţ˷￪ٵķ䣬ʽʼפġ
ǼǧĵطӴϵĵ̡
ǼһˡһƤЦڵ۾ǵ۾˵ϵ½ĵ۾ʵֻнһס
ڴ磬ȥ㥵۾ǵΪֻǽһףѿڶ
㥵۾һˣǿࡣ
ʱǲҪһн˭֪ԶûУǼһǻһԿţʱ˵Ƕ֮ȵȸ˵ʱ㲻ɱǵ۾ѹһǿԵġڵ۾һЦ
Ȼ޷ٱչأȴҲڲϵ
ʹòʯǵΪڻţۿŹƽһء
ʮʱת۹ȥ
۾ӴϵƵĿʼԽ磬ϵķΧѰԴǣǴ˲ˣҲ˼ˡһ
ǷѾþˣԷʼ޼ɵˡǳ˼һ£û£ҰżѧԺʦפر߽磬ٸԽ磬Ǻÿ
ѧԺʦ
ֻҪһﲻ֣㹻ˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ǸһȻں㥵۾
ʮ֮ӴϵǱߡ
ģϵҵˣԽ˾Ȼնɱʮߡ㥵۾ŵ
ѾȷˣǶѧԺʦһѧԺЩƸġֻЩ˽ѧԺ֮ʵǷ˼ҲǼˡڵ۾ŭ
ǽô죬ô
ʲôǳ֣ȻԽҲ
ðɣ

ɽ֮£ʵҲв̽һԱ
˵ǲսγɵģһеҲܻɽӦòƾյģ϶ʲôԭ򡣡ţѾʮףò˵ɽҲ㻹ǼӲ治֪׻жֻʲô
΢Ϣһᣬ
꣡
һסˣһ˹
⡭ڵˡ
ޱȣ漴Ѹ俪һȻͿһ嫵Ļ硣
֮Уſֲĵۻ۾ǵȥŲסһʱ̣Ҫڻ
طʲôԾĿ˺ԶĵطȻ;ˣΪ룬Ȼһֲ

һʱ뷨طֲǱʲô
꣡
һڲԶĵطȻһʯˡ
ˡ
һȻͿһӣӴϵߡ
ߴʱҲֲʶȴʶֲʲôɫǴ䡣


1254 Ӳ
Դ֮
߹һ£Ѿֲ֡
һȻûмԴ֮Ҳ˵ȻǱԴ֮ԱԴֻ֮³֡һ飬һգѿɱԴ֮һ汾ԴһطرŨΣɱԴ֮ɽĻ֮Դ򲢲ŨӦòȻγɵıԴֻ֮֮ıԴ֮Ҳ
ս䵽ܻһС
űԴ֮ȥⱾԴֻ֮ƬҶӣûл䡣
Դ֮Ҳеȼģͽ׵ıԴ֮˵ǱԴ֮Ϊ̺֮ıԴ̫֮٣֧űԴ֮ʢн׵ıԴ֮ȣܣ淨Դǿ˲򵽷֮ڸ߽׵ıԴ֮ļޣܳʵʵ
Ѿжϣɽ걾Դ֮Ӧֻ͵ȼıԴ֮ⱾԴ֮Χγһ磬϶һöĻܻԪطǻԷ򣬶ҷǻԪطı֣ܻ걾Դ֮ͽ׵ıԴ֮϶ҲҴڵƿͻƳΪ۾
뵽ޱ
ʦ㶼Ϊ˵۾ҵܾˣһܴ
ԵҿȴĻԵ
ͬǰ벽۾Ϊ׷ҲǻԪطı֣ڵѾҰһ㣬϶ҲǿⱾԴֻ֮һ걾Դֻ֮һͻƣҾԲøԱҪ
ڻûע⵽ңΪǿ
⣬˲仯ΪһɫӰӳ˱Դ֮
Դ֮Ҫˡ
ˣ
ѾߵıԴ֮м

߻ʧ״̬ͻȻԴ֮ĳ˳ɶʱģס֣ⱾԴ֮ҵġ
һץͰѱԴ֮ӵۻ֮ק˳

ۻɽ綼ǲ
ˣ
ıԴ֮о˫ַ̣¶ȾˣȻݻⱾԴ֮ĸϡһ״
ߣ
룬ѸٳŶڳȥ
վס
߷ŭޱȣ߿ԣԴ֮¡
Цѣ˦־ͳŵۻ֮һƺȥ
ֻһ죬ۻγһϣס˳׷
ȻϵѾȫˡ
ͷҲأѸѨɱȥ
Ҫ
ͻƵ۾ĻԵԲʧȥһҪõˣڵ۾㥵۾ֻҪ֪ͨǣһܰסġ
Ӳġ
һ׷һߴѶ
Ӵϵפء
ʲôԴ֮ڵ۾ޱȣˢľվܺãܺãıһϵȻ൱һ۾һ
ʲʲô飿㥵۾ԡ
ϵĳõһϵԴ֮ӴܡԲóѱԴ֮ϵȻ϶ͻƵ۾磬ϵʮλ۾ˡߣȥסⱾԴ֮Ӵϵġڵ۾˵ţٵ뿪פء
ϵפء
ǿӴϵפطЩ֣ô£ղǲӴϵλ۾Ȼͬʱ뿪פأ϶Ƿ˴¡УҵøȥϵһǺÿ
ˢһ£Ҳ뿪פء
һ·ӣûгϵפأֱϵĳڡ
ߣߵٶȲң׷ҡȻǵһսҲӴϵλ۾ϵֻһλԷλ۾֪£϶Ϊ˱Դ֣֮ǵ۾½۾ǵĶ֣ʱҵıԴ֮Ҳ޷ס
ͷ˿ѾԶԶ˦˺棺ܺãֻҪϵͰȫˡʱӴϵϵսȻǸû취
ʱһһĹȥûиоʱ˵Ļ
۾ǵô뿪ˡ߼ˣۿͻƵ۾Ļѵûˣ̫ˡ
ˣѾˡڵ۾Įޱȡ


1255 Ҳ̫С
ãһоһΣȻͿǰºȻЩγһסȥ·
е۾ˣ
ʶʲôһ֣̿Ȼ͸оؿһʹֻһ˶Ľɫȭͷıϣ˳ȥ
ۣ
һѪ˳Ҳײһɽ棬ɽ嶼Ǳˡ
ߣŶûС
㥵۾Գֵ
ȿȣ
ʯͷǱޱȣõ۾Ȼ͵Ϯ
㥵۾ûһĲ֮ɫӦңոѾˣȻ˵ҲҪϻˣԴ֮ģ㽻
סˣסˡʱҲϵˣӻϵˣϧѾûлˡ֪϶ѾϵѶˣϵ൱ڸһԪϵĵ۾յѶϢҪʮӣٸϹһӶȥˡ
ԣѾ·ˡ
ߵޱȣںλ۾лӴϵλ۾֣ҵõԴ֮ͻƵ۾磬һλ۾Ķ顣
ں㥶ǵ˵ͷߺϵ
㽻ǲ
˲ƣɫѿޱȡ
ͻƵ۾ĻԵѵľҪ
ȷֲҵõıᣬֱ̫ŭðһⱦ˭õ
óԴ֮Ҫٵ
һ˱Դ֮һڵ۾ߵԴ֮㻹ܻ
ҧڼ֡
Ĳȥ㥵۾Ȼ֣ΪһӰһȭ˳ٶȿ硣
ǲ
ռһѷ죬ȴǸоԼˡ
ڵ۾ЦҵĲ֮£㻹Դ̫֮쿪ˡ
ˣˡ
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Ĳʣҡ
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㥵۾ɫȭͷҪڳϣȫ֣û˿顣
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ô£
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ϵػߣǱҵΡôǵҲ˵Ķ֣ǾʲôѧԺѧַ飬ҶֱһǷŭóŵɫ԰ס
ȫû뵽ǻΪô
ûгΪ۾֮ǰҪסǾĿɽ㲻֪ǵʵҲҪޱİĴǡΪֻǻȫȫľ㣬ΪǶҲǵ˵Ȼͣһ£˼ҿܰ㵱ѧԺѧҾеһ¡
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ǵ۾ô죿ѾѶ˺ʦǣֻҪϵǸϹУúƴȻһǽףһǽףסһʱ̣Ҳ̫ΪˡĲУԼȥɣùҡ
Ҳ̫Сˡ΢΢ҡҡͷҲӣҲʱ䣬ȻǶɱˣҾͰɱˡ
ʲôסΪԼˡ
ΪǺ۾һսϢûй¶ȥ֪ǵʵ
Ǳߵڵ۾㥵۾ҲһǵĿסˡ
ǵ۾ˡ㲻Ҫ¡
㿴žУϣӴϵĵ۾Ϲ֮ǰ˳Ƕɱˡ˵ţֱӿ˶ϸȼģʽʵףΪǸһ󾳽磬ȴֻǴﵽ˽׵۷塣


1256 նɱ۾
ǵƣȻ侪ˣôܣѾֱ׷ʦ㣬ʦǽĽ׵ĵ۾
һ̳ɵˣš
Ǻ۾һսϵļ۾֪ǻܵ۾ʵʾǽ۷Ϊ
ǳ֪ЩͻǵʵԲں۾
ɱ
ǵͺһӰ˿ռ֮Уȫʧȥټ
޷׽ʶ
ô£㥵۾ϳһ亹ڵ۾ǵ۾⣬Բ½ĵ۾оûУͨĺǿռϵķ򡣡
һصĺûϵΪӦûûдﵽĽףȫһսڵ۾һѺɫ䵶п׳
𣡡
ڵ۾ҲǵټʱϷɳͷҪϸʮĺɫ˿ߣЩɫ˿ѸٸΧĿռ䡣ʶЩ˿棬ñ֩֯һֻҪǴɫ˿ߣܸܵ
һʧˡ
ڵ۾һֻЩϧˣʱûųߣǸ޷ⱾԴ֮ܿˡ
ԶԶؿһĻ
޵Ŀռ֮УǾȲѣķ͵Ϯһһͻᱻڵ۾֡ˣôնɱǵʵ
Ǿǿɱǣ
Ǵ⣬֮е¯編һ˳綥һһ㡣
Ǻɫ˿߽Ӵ¯յĲϺˡ
ǣ
ڵ۾ǣеĺɫ˿Ѹ£γһԼĺɫߣǾǲ˹ȥ
ǸоԼһһ㡣
֮Ȼ
֪ʲô߶ԺȨȵ֮֮絶һն
Ȼе¯Ȼ¯֮еĻкȥˢһӾͰǺɫ߸档ֻɫҽ֮һ㣬ܿû˶Ȼ¯ٴһеĻֻص¯֮ڡ
⡭
ڵ۾Լ۵ĺɫ߱ɵһնǡ
һڿѸܻһĵĵɰ˵˵ֱγһɫĵĻһǸסˡ
һֶһɲ֮һӰסǵ塣
סˣ㥵۾ɱ
ڵ۾֪ԼһеĽûܹѡ
ʱֻҪ㥵۾ɱȥܻɱǡ
ȥɣ
㥵۾гһɫĴ󴸣޴ĴӰӳһӰȫ߶ԼĽ緢Ĺײ
ǵ۾㿪֡
㣬㲻ǲ֮ѡ߱ĵ
޴Ĵȥǵǡ
ɾʱǵǸһ˿Цݣ֮ƣ
ϸÿһϸǷһ˿˿һ飬γһ׷Բ֮У淨ȫʧȥã̼֮ͱֽˡ
ʱ̧ͷŽߵ㥵۾еԺȨȻΪն˳ȥ
˺㥵۾壬ĽʶĽ궼гݡ
ãҵĲ֮
ڵ۾ʱŷԼĲ֮ʧȥãΪʱֻ㥵۾ֱֱĳź浹ȥĴһ䵽˵ϡ
Ѿˡ
ɱ㥣
ڵ۾ŷӦˣˣϵҲˡ
ˡ
߲ȫţ֪ոշʲô
ˣӴϵûе۾ˡ
Ҫˡ
һ£û뵽˵˵ɱ۾һ㶼
һ۾壬ÿ׼ڤ硣
Ǹڵ۾־Ͱ㥵۾ʬʹ󴸸ˣȻۿڵ۾
ǹɱ⣬ڵ۾̿֡
Ҫɱң
ڵ۾ʶʲô˼ֱ̫ˣȷ裬ѵͲǺô
ɱ
ǹȻڵ۾ĳ˺ѿռ䣬ֱγһӣڵ۾ϯ˹ȥ
֮УϸСһԾš
֮磬
ڵ۾һӰᱻӰ֮еĲ֮ס
һ㽣ն棬޾һ㣬ڵ۾о֧Ųסˡ


1257 Թ
һ̣ڵ۾зŭôôǿʵǽĽˡǶƭˣϵЩ۾棬ʵܻеȳϡУұóóҵķֵסǼȥҺܱܿնɱ
뵽㥵۾Σڵ۾˿ỳɱľġ
ӣʱӡ
Ӵϵʮλ۾һ㥵۾ǻʮλȫлḴ
նݣ
ڵ۾ͺһ֮߶һɲ֮ڼһռ棬ȻӰʧˡ
ӣŶûС
ǵķɽȻһŲ棬ֱ׷˹ȥ˶ǻһ⡣
ǵıӰȫ֪ô죬ʱһ뵽Ժ
ȻϵҪˡ
ǣǵ۾
ҲӦһͷɿĳϵȥ֪϶Ҫˡ
ų뿪вʣ㥵۾ˣ׷ȥ
ߣҲ뿪
߻û߳ǧԶһεĽʶˡ
ǡ
һ£ֱֱĵȥϢ
ƺӦͷͿߵȥ壺⡭ǵ۾Ҳ̫ˣǰӴϵξ벻սˡ
ţȴǻһץߵʬˡ
ӣ
УĿռ䷨˳ٶȿǱڵ۾ࡣ
ϵ֣֮
ǿžڵ۾ԽԽһֻ˺ѿռ䣬ָУһץȥ컯ռ䣬ռ䣬֮
ã
ڵ۾ͷһĿռ䶼ץһӣƻڲϵسץȥ
ΧеĿռȫΪ壬һ
Ŀռ䣬ڵ۾ֲ̿ѣҪץϣ顣
磬
ڵ۾ͺһĽˣһ޴ǳһ㵲סǵϵ֮֡
Բ
һϵָ֮һץ˺˽ľϵ֮ڵһлһ
գ
ڵ۾һĻŭޱȣѸٵջؽ硣
ĽȡƬʱ䣬ٴʩչնݡǶ߼
ֻһ̫æˣֱ֮ˤ˹ʺǱޱȡ
ۣ
ڵ۾һѪ˳ǿʵѵﵽ˽ףʲôҾȻȫ͸
ҵ飬ڵ۾ӡ
֪ѾӽϵӴϵפء
쿴ʲô˷˱֮еڵ۾⣬ô£ڵ۾
˭׷ɱڵ۾һλϵ߲ԾĿ˼֮⣬Ǳһˡ
ڣԹĮַԲʮͬʱķɽնȥأڵ۾εסˡ
ɱ
£ÿһնɱһλﾳϵߡ
¡
ڵ۾ȻֵɻǱһĽ壬Ѫɽ
ɶݣǳڵ۾ͷ
ڵ۾ɽţʱҪڵ۾նɱȥ
ǵ۾ϳˣʲô飬ǵ۾Ȼ׷ɱڵ۾ǵ۾½ĵ۾ôʵôѹڵ۾
ܡӴϵһĿɿڴ顣
ֱˣȷҪ衣ɱ㥵۾ɱңҲס㡣ڵ۾ŭȵ⴫˵Ķ棬ֱ
˻㥵۾ģԭȴͱǸɱˡ
һжɱһһеҲҪб顣
ͲˡʱЦûʲôԣȥɣҪ־͹λ۾Χɱϵһλߡ
ʲôλ۾Χɱһλߣ
ϵȫŭֱ̫

ķɽ˳ȥնڵ۾
һʱ̣˵
ң
һŭޱȵ֮ռ䱻˺ѣߵǰһףŽëӡ
ˣ߼ޱȣ۾
۾ͷ˿ߣߵһˣȻ˼׷ɱֵزҾ򣬵õϢ͸ϹˣȻҲˡ
ڵ۾һ죺ǣ̫ǿˡ
۾Цǽ۷ΪжǿȻѾɱ㥵۾ôɱˣΪ㥵۾𡣡
ǿŽ۾һ۷ΪֲٰɱˣǾ͸ˡ


1258 
۾Ӵϵۺʵĵ۾ǽ֮ó
һλϵĵ۾ڽ۾
۾˿̿ǣЦҽΪ۾ĵ۾Ѿˣһϵģ㽫Ϊ߸
ɱ
۾ϣһǡ
ϵ˶סˣĬĬΪ
ǵ۾ֻǽ۷Ϊôǽ۾Ķ֣˿ҪĸϹһϵ૵˵Ĺ
ϾôǶǽ۾Ķ֡
Ļֻпˡ
úã
ǿųĽ۾ĳն˳ȥɽ渽һɿֲ֮һڶһ㡣
ɽײ֮̽һֻɫƳŷɽץ˹ȥ
ЦԺȨȻɵķɽȶױԴ㾹ȻҲӲץ
ɽն
һˢһ¾ͻ˽۾ƣһѪۡ
ôܣǡ
۾ţױԴ⽣ȻǶױԴҵڻûһױԴ
һ̣۾ޱ
ܵõǵױԴһʵԽ׵ĵ۾Ҳȫõġ
ҵ޷סױԴˣ
۾һΪһɫŲƵ֮⡣
ΧϵӴϵߺ߶ɵˣ⿪ʲôЦ籾İ
ǲǽ۷Ϊô˽۾ġ
ǵ۾ʵѵȽ۾Ҫǿɡ
ܿ죬˲µǵıȽѡ

۾ǣгһɫⳤеֻһױԴ
˿̳һָƺƵȥűҾҪ֪ٺãҲҪʲôʹõġ
ϻ̫࣬Ѽӵô
Ƿ̵Ҳʵһ֣ıңֻ˵
㡭
۾±ƣŭѡ
ƣȻ˼һսǼ
Ҫɱ㣡۾ˣģԹҲ̫˰ɡ
Χ۵Ҳ̲ס˲亹ǵ۾սôҲ̫Ϸ˰ɡ
ƣ۾İ
ֻ֪ҷͣ㵹ǹƵָͷһ
쵰۾Ҳ̲סˣΪһɫľӰĳ˹ȥ
ûΪһĹӰÿһӰܻһ޴ɽЩɽ˹ȥ
䣡
һ촫Ǿͱѹ˽ɽ֮¡
ô
۾ţʼѰǵʬ壬ĳָԭ
ݣǰҵôѹңЦ
ԭҲֶֻΡ
ǵĮȻɽƿռն˽۾
ಣ
ϯ۾С
⡭⣡ô㿪ģ
۾±ˣĳѸٳֵס˽ӡ
ϵ֣֮
һһһһ
ָŽ۾ڵĿռ䶼ץ۾ֻоԼΧĿռȫ廯ˡ
Ȼ޷ѡ
ǽ۷ΪһԼΪǼٵˡ
꣡
۾ϵĻ׳ѷ죬⻤׿ҲһױԴ
ⱬ
۾ϷɵĹâһȼյĺһ
޾Ľ֮ӽ۾Ľ籼ڳϵ֮ڱסˡ
ವһ£۾˳ȥ
Ųƣ
м㣬һνŲƣŽ۾նɱȥ
۾оΣգȴ޷Щλá
ಣ
ڽ۾߲ϳ֣ý۾з
ܣٶ㿪ЩĹΧ
Ȼһӽ۾ؿ˳ֱһѪ
ʹ
۾סؿڣӶݳȥ˰Ÿͣ£Ǳޱȡ
ʱҲͣݵĽôԶľ룬ʩչŲƵķţѾ˲۾ˡ
ϧˡ
ǰʵղһڽ۾Ժըȫпֱӽɱꡣ
Χˣ˿ѾһƬȻ
⡭ǵ۾Ӯˡ
̫˼ˣǵ۾ʵȻڽ۾֮ϡ
ϵȻһλôǿĵ۾ǴҰ
ϵһƬڣӴϵǱɥλ۾һȻϵһλ۾Ķ֣ѵߵĶǼٵ۾ô
ֻ֪ʵҲ쵽ļޣϸȼģʽҲսʮӣڣѾսʮķ֮ࡣ
۾޷նɱˣڵ۾ǿɱ
һתĳ˳ȥ


1259 ɱ
˿ǵĶȫɵˣʱôпնɱڵ۾
ڵ۾Լûϵȫûз
꣡
ɽڵ۾壬һͬʱꡣ
㡭
ڵ۾ֻ˵һ֣ԴһûϢ
ˡʱ˷ӦЩߣƴ۾磬ǰһ׵ĵ۾׵նɱˣɱһֻһ㣬ûĵĻᡣ
ֱˣ۾һĻҲǵޱȣʵ̫ˣ·ʲôˣֻҪˣҾһҪɱ㡣
ӴϵǲǶֻ˵һ仰㥵۾˵ȥڵ۾Ҳ˵Ҳ˵˵⻰ˣǲҲᲽǵĺ󳾣˵ţһߵڵ۾ʬԱߣĨڵ۾Ŀռָڵ۾ʬҲˡ
ǵĶϵѾ۷ˡ
۾Ѿη壬ʱŸӴϵĸλ۾˼ʮϢ
ʱ򣬺ȻԶĿռֻӰԶɱǰһӰÿ˸ʮȥ
΢΢һЦѾ֪˭ˡ
Ȼϵļλ۾Ӵϵĵ۾Ϊ㥵۾ڵ۾Ϊǣûеһʱ֪ͨǣյϢҪࡣ
һ紵һӰǰ
硣
΢΢һЦʱ۾ˡ
һͱǵĻһ
ϵǺò׺Ӵϵάֺƽľ棬׶֡
룬Ѿ֪龭Դ֮ѾȥˣҲûʲôʧʱɡ
ǶʱЩﻹǱԴ֮⣬ǲ֪ʲô
ʱԱֳһӰǵ۾û£ӴϵפصĲ㥺ڵ۾ôǰǽ۾ô£ѵǻˣ
ǲ֪ô˵ãʱҲˣоȻһǳ
ȴǱ۾ţЦ
ǲλ۾ʲôʱһ۳ﰵӰ㱣ס˱Դ֮˳һ
飬ҡû˵µ
ʲô˵ģѵ㻹˱ȱԴ֮ı۾۾˼ֱǷ˺öȻТʦ㣬ȥÿ
ðɣ˵ҧҧʵΪ˾ңǵ۾ɱ㥵۾
ʲôλ۾⻰ȫĿɿڴ
ǵ۾㣬̫çײˡµ۾һѪҪӴϵսĽô
ܹǵ۾㥵۾ڵ۾̫ʱҪɱң˳ǵ۾һɱˣǵ۾ǱƲѲɱ㥵۾ġ
ϵļλ۾ЩҲǰŭѡ
ȵȣڵ۾أµ۾뵽ʲôԾĿǡ
ǸʵҲɱˡЩ˼նӴϵλ۾þûսôʹˡ
㡭ֱˡµ۾ѿڶ
Ҳ˵Ƿ˷ۣȻǵȻɱɱˣɴһݣӴϵĵ۾ûиϹǰ۾Ҳɱˡ
ɱ۾һ£ȴЩ⶯
ԣ²ȥ֣ס߾УҿԼ֡룬ʱϸȼģʽȻֻ֧һӵģӦնɱ۾ģµľǽ۾ߣѵʱͶˡ
ϵļλ۾࿴ȫһ±ơ
ǶǵʵҲǸе𾪡
նɱӴϵλ۾۾ֻ׵ǽս
ǵĽ飬ֻзܹʱλ۾ԾĿ˷
Ĭ˰ֶӣϳһ˿ɱ⡣
֪ǳˣ϶Ҳǲᣬնɱ˽۾ϵʵӴϵĲ͸Сˡ
ɾʱ˵ϢĴԶϯ
ɱɫѸ
ǵԺʱ˷Ĵ㻹ûе۾ΪսԺϵͽˡ
һɫ΢䣺磬ʲô˼
ʱɭȻӴϵܿʲȥҪѡսʱһƴȫնɱ۾Ҳͬھû۾Ӵϵûһնɱ㣬ʱֻҪӻϵ꣬ʵٰӴϵЩ۾𡣡


1260 
ĺ±ƣôڸɶô
Ȼǹ裬Ѿˡ
ǱߣӴϵһȺ۾ˣʮһλ۾е۾ˡ
ǿ˿Ϊ֮ˣϵĻֱ纣ٿӣһξԴޱ
ǿֲ
ţ۾ǿ׵ϸȼգҲֻķݡ
ϵˣ˿̶ǽ

۾ˣһ㡣
Χ۵ߺߣ͸оĤۣ
۾۾˸ǰ磬㥵۾ڵ۾ȫɱˡ
˵ţָָǡ
۾ԾĿǣɫ䣺ɱӴϵλ۾Ǻõ
ǺǺǣһǵӴ
ǽ˽˲𰡣Ҵ򲻹㣬ı»еġ
һʼǾöԲˣãĻͶϵһԼϣȻ֮زز
Ҫ
۾Į˵ţƣ˲
˲ԾĿ˷
ʱȴһ˵Ķǰһǰ
㡭
۾ϱ䣬ȭͷ淺ɫâһϵ
ͨϵַʵԶһˡ
Է۾ȷʵûбʤģһǰһս¡
䣬Ѿ۾ĵ۾ǻȥɡڣһǿͷųӴϵһЩ۾Ǻֲ̿ѡ
µ۾΢΢һʱ䣬ǿˡ
۾ȻҲɫ΢䡣
ƺҲʶˣʵҲˣǰķֻǽ߽׵ĳڣٴﵽڡ
۾һֱڽ˽۷壬ͻƵĻʵ΢΢
ڶӴϵս۾һ
ǣǾǰɡĮȻԳɱĿǵ˭ҶԸϵԸϵκһ۾Ǿҵĵˡ
Ļǲ
ô裬˵Щͬ
㡭
۾ָŷһɫֳ
۾磬һǳһ㡣
ߣ
֪۾ֵף˼һ»䣬ϵӴϵڿսҾƴһնɱˣ֪ʵкܴΪģˣɾʲôûˡǽҲҲӴϵˡ
úݣ۾
Ҳ顣˭ϵҾͺƴҲ˺һ⡣ң֪Ǵұűľģ˵ٴ߼λӴϵĵ۾ʱϵȻӴ˥ȥӴϵֻҡ˵ţЦ
ʲôǷǷ裬˲顣
֮Է裬ΪݣϵӴϵսӴϵһȥֹڡʱʵŽ׶ѣڷ˽߽׵Ϊ˭֪ɳʲôµ顣
۾ŷ˼ɵ۵Ļɢȥ
۾һУ˿ǵ˵ߡ
ߣ
ԣϵ
Ӧʱ뿪Ϊ
û뵽Ȼ۾ŵĲҶˡ
ڷ棬ʼϵȥ
ɾʱһǿϢ˹۾һȭĺ󱳡
һŭޱȡ
û뵽۾Ȼô޳ܣɳ͵Ϯ顣
˼ģǿ׵ϸȼģʽʩչǿ
ǿֲһȭ֮ϣֻĹѿ֮еΪ˷ɻҡ
һУȻ
Ϊȡ˺΢ٵһʱ䣬ѸٵŲƳȥǧ
ۣ
һѪ˳
ͷȥʱֻǷһ㣬һѺɫս۾˹ȥ
ŷս£񷱻ն룬ձ飬Դ߸
꣡
۾ķƿɳȥǧ
۾ϳһɫף׾Ȼȫס˷Ĺ
۾ǿĲǹǷ޷նɱ۾Ϊ۾ƿֲһķ
⣬Ҫսô
ϵˣϵ˶Ȼоսơ
ʱ۾ȴǳڣǿˡ
һѪˮ̲סһ䡮ԡ


1261 һ
սȴǲŲʣȵɱ
ϵļλ۾ʱҲ׷׼
ϵߡǸŷ׷һ쳹
һ̷Ҫ裬ϵ˾ȻԼͬĸ裬ЩԷϤǣҲԸΪһս
ֱ£֮оȻϵˡһΧ۵ĵ۾Է˼ɵһֱԺ϶ܳΪ顣ǴϵӴϵ㹻ԶҿɲôһĽɫУǸҲ˲ãʲôΪȻס۾ȫһϵʱתԶˡ
սһʱȴǻڵ磬ְͣɣ
ͷ˿ǣЩ⣬ҲЩǸ
Ҳڿǡ
ʱ˲ǵѪȴЦⱳһȭҼˣԼ
룬Ȼĵ˵ͷ
ܱߵ˶ĿɿڴˣҲ̫Ϸ˰ɡ
Ȼ˽ͣʵǲﾳ۷ΪͻƵ۾磬𲢲¡
ߣƾҲ縴ǿЦ۾ЦӴϵļλ۾ҲǳЦ۾£ڵʵʱ򶼸óΪˣʱǡ
߰ɣ
Ӱһȳϵȥ
϶Ǵȥˡ
뾡ָȼյϸʱֻȥһǳˡ

ѧԺ֮Уǻ͸оޱƣȼ29.3ѾޱȽӽ30ļޡʱ۾Ĺ֮ǿôһ㣬ҵͻ᳹ױ
뵽ǻ¡
ʱյ˷Ϣȥһ硣
֮Уλϵĵ۾ڵˡ
ǵ۾ǳͷˣնɱӴϵλ۾򶼱ˡ۾ȻЩĽ˵
ˣз磬ҿܶ޷ŻװЩε
ܵס۾ȫһҿ㱣ġµ۾ЦЦࡣ
λ۾ʱҲЩĿǡ
۾ˣԼ֮ǰǶ֣Ϊʱˡ
ܻڣ˹ʺˣﶼǰ
۵Ĳ࣬ڵǵ۾նɱӴϵλ۾ϵ磬ҲΪϵӴϵĵ۾˿ԵģǺӴϵìѾײɵͣ۾ûͻƻãͻƵŽף϶һʱǶ֡
⻰˶ǳĬˡ
ŽףŰٷ֮ŵһϵԴٽһǳɾͲˡ
ĵ۾Ѿǵ۾۷壬֮µǿڡ
Ҹо۾꣬һͻơɫء
꣬ꣿ
ʱ̫ˣҲһգ۵顣
ô죿ƺ۾Ҳһ
ǵģ˵кܴΪ飬һ㶼ǿЦԾ۾ͻƵŽףǻа취ӦǵͻƳΪ飬Ƕֱ֮֡
磬أѵͲܱ۾һͻƵླ
ѣͻƵླ̫ˡ
ɫ֪࣬ԼĲԽǸ߽׵ķԽͻƵླ磬˵۾ͻƵླѶϵ1ͻƳΪѶϵȴ10000
һ򱶣
ǵġ˵ͷûرĻԵҺͻơ˵ھͺ۾һΪһͻƾ͸ˡҲҪģȻǺѣҲȫûлᡣһͻƵ˲ླ磬֮ͬȫѹ۾ġ
⵹ҲǣŷһͻƵġµ۾
ǰţҲ˵
ֻǵ˵ԵʱȻ÷ĻԵܾҪ䵽ϡ
Ǹ취ץʱΪҲټǵ˹ԭ
ǳõĺô÷̽
Ŀǰ˷˭޷֤ȫ
ȻʲôһϯǸоϵѹˡ
ʶ˳磬
ʱѧԺ鰲һȻԥĽ뵽ǳ磬νǳ磬Ҫϰꡣ
Դϴ뿪ڵǳ磬ʵѾȥǧꡣ


1262 ؼ֮Σ
ʱձ任Ѿǳ硣
ǣǱ
ţĽǶɽɽׯڻš
ȴͲˣؼҲƺ뿪
ЩпĪɾʱһϼסͬʱһǣһȥ
ô
аһ뿪˷˽硣
ٴγֵʱѾνħ磬Ƿ˽ʮ
ʶһɨԺ֮ѾõѶϢ
ɽȪϵһǵĵط
ȪϵĺＫΪΪ˽粻ĵطһЩССҲǼࡣʲôۡšڡ֮ģȴɽͷ֮һ۵ˡ
ɾڣµҪһԱļɵ۵ʵȪϵ
˸ЩŹ֣ԭ֮УΪ⣬ǷļʲôģǵȴķҲԣϵͳǳǵų⣬һҷﲢ֡
ЩϸʶһȻҵļˡ
ǳǳһ¥Уˡ
֣˵أߵһ˵ĸףص£ıǷӡ
˾ǧޣҲڷɽ硣
ʵֹˣչˣʱ˴ĵҩͱؼĿǰʮˡ
ڣǶǡ
Ҳֻ֪ҪСɽ磬ǳ۵ġЦЦ
ɾʱܱӺȻһ
صºͷӣɫ΢
˵ôͨ𣬿ǲ֪ôɱһɵ۵²˵һ֮ززˡ
𵽵ʲôˣҲ̫ˡ
һ˷̾ɱһɵۣǿ϶ɵ۵ʵ
ɽ磬ɵ۶վ۷Ĵˡ
Ҳ˵Ҫļˣвһһ̲飬һҵļˣ϶Ҫץߡ
ʹȻݡ
һ̾˿ʵΪܲܣɽȴ顣
ʱصºͷѾĵ뿪˾¥ٵĳסȥ
Ҹҿ϶ҪץСҪǱץס϶ˡ
ţʵʱ϶вССӣ϶ģǲС𡣡
˽ţоһɳصѹ
ܿ죬һС͵ׯ԰ؼɽľ
̫үүôˣ
ˣڻ˭ڣҪ뿪ǡ
ص´˿ɫ࣬ʮ̹ˡ
ص¿һ£ԼĴطȴǲԼȥ£Ѿˡ
ص봫Ѷط磬ǾʱһǿϢ˹
ã
صºͷӵɫһ䣬ǳϿȥֻһĽ˹
Щ⣬ȻһеˣǿϢκһЩҪǿ
ˣˡ
صҧݣѾϳˣЩǾڵˣţ۵ˡ
ؼҵˣȻ⣡
һһǾ
󣬻оڵһȺɳϣΪץؼҵˣڿ˵㳲

صʱĿˣǸ֮ץסȫѪ۵ط硣
ԭطͱץˡ
ܣܣ
ط΢صµȴ
ܣܣ
Ц֮йصȫץ֡
ؼҵÿһһ룬֪ץ֮϶ˡ
ص½֣ȴҲ޿κΣ뵽ʵĿģŭȵؼҵɱҲܱ
صֻһ뷨Ǿǲ
ˣȻв
ɱ
ؼҵ˶ӦȫǺη
һȺϣΪԼЦһָصµ˷ԼҲ޷ֺɵ۵ʵѾӰռ䣬סԼСĴڡ
ˣ
صµ˶пЦܰɡ
ץסǣȥ
һЩۿڣҪԳһɳϾǡ
ʮڵĵѸٵķׯ԰
ɾ̤ׯ԰һ̣ȴײһ¼Ӳǽϣʮȫ˳ȥ
صµ˶סˡ
ʱѾؼҵǰһӰ


1263 
ӰȻǣصǿɲʶǡ
ǿ˿ص£ϵҲѧԺԱˣȻܵˡ
΢΢һЦһָǾĿռʧЧˣȫֽһ
صµ˷Լܶˣϲѡ
лλ˳֪λǰΪʲô־ҵȣ
ص¿֪ɽĹأԼΪǿĿɶǰܶԷжᡣ
ؼˣʱҲֵĿǡ
΢΢һЦ˵֣ѧԺ
֣ص嶼̲סһֱּ׹ˣҲؼҵռܣ֪˶ࡣǱʱһ·ȫһֵĴڣڲһˣҲһţȴؼʱΪģھѧԺ
ԭѧԺĴˡ
صһ񣬳˸мʱҲȫġ
ӵҲǳһԼоˣ𱳺ѧԺˡ
ϵľ˿Ѿ䤱Ϸࡣ
ǸղƳռɣ֪Ǳǿ̫࣬Ϊ׾ٵ飬ڳıʣڲ
ʲôˣץؼҵˣǾΪУΪСʱֻ̨ܰϣסǡ
⻰ǲЦˡ
ЦʲôۺЦɽ磬ҪۺΪУһ֮ءڵһŭȵ
ǰ׳գһССɽɵҲסңʺһҲǡ˵ţϳһɱ⣬Ҹɽ绹ûסĵطǾԼɵפطˮҲԣ͵͸ˡ
˵ʲôҪǵɻҵʧ
ˣһҪɱˡһһֻ̽˳ȥȻϵ֮֡
һֻץȥ컯ռ䣬ѾΧĿռ䶼ץסˣһľ塣
Ȼ󣬾ѣγһӡ
ΪߣֵʱҲҲȫá
㵵ķ֣ԼҲȫѲˣһǵǿסˣӵֶεˣ۶δǶְɡ
꣡
Ҳӣȫǻɢˡ
صµ˿һĻĿɿڴ
ǰޱǿһˣȴ֮иһλļɵۡ
ʵ׸жǿ󣬿԰ɽˡ
Ҫɽһʱ䣬Ǿʱ߰ɡ
ǣˡ
صԵñϹϾ
ýҴˣҲϲƺ
ǡ
ѧԺԺǳƺΪԺˡ
ʲôȻ𣡡
صʧֻΪѧԺʦû뵽ȻѧԺԺ
Ҳɫһ䣬ǿǴУ֪Ƕ𾴲ѡ
ôҲаɡ
νˣȥڡ

ڣɽš
ǴؼҵؼҵǰΪڵӵʸûС
û°ɣ
ǿ˿صµ˼ŵط磬ʩչһط͸оϵƺ˴롣
˿Ķǰ棬ƺһ
ʲôˣ
ڵ֮Уɳʮӡ
һԦɽٶΪǲ
úǷϻоڵ뿪ţﱻˡ
ʲôˣ˲񣿡
ˣû˸Ǿˡ
ˡ
֮ڣʣһȺϡǣǷŭ
ʱѾʼɽˣžڵĻɽסɵˣԼǰʲô
ǳ磬νɵҲ൱ǸﾳĽ൱ڻ羳൱⾳
ڿﾳŽ׵ΪȽ۾۾綼൱Ԥˡ
ֻһĳǰȥڵĻɽѸٱȫһ
ϲˣɽˡ
̫ǿˣղŵĻڿЦ
ϣˣͬһȥĳϺ͵ǵҲȫˡ
ɵˣо˾޴Σ
ʱѾɽţһڱӣǳľڵӣֱһץաһһڵ˱ӵ춼ǣǷ̻һ˶Ǿˣ⵽Ƿʲôڵ˳ˡ
һСʱ󣬾ڵűɾˣпأڶĻ۶ûüߡ
ǵҪչһʱ䣬ǾסɣµЩ͸ˡ
صµ⻰һκģЩˣǿһŶĻ۰


1264 Ӷһ
صµѾǸмޱȣǷѾȥչصʱ򣬿ʼѸѹ
ϣ֪ľ
˵ɱڵɽҲռˣ˶ޱȡ
ͬʱؼİļһ쳹˳˾η
صһʱ֪Ϣͬ𾪣Ȼֻһץɱ˾˵ʵҪжǿֱռ˾ڣȫǲҵӣ϶̡
ȻŭȴǲûäĿǵ鷳ϵʡ
ڵҲæŻָȼյϸͬûʱȥ۵鷳һԹƽ
ڵɽŲһʡۼɵۣȴѾɽ磬Ķ档
ʱš
ҲڻĻָȼյϸһĲʯĵ
תۣѾʮʱȥ
ȼյϸѾȫָΪҲﵽﾳ۷壬ٽһǵ۾ˡ
Ǹ棬۾ʽķˣһ׵Ľ۾Ҫһַٷ֮һһҪٳԼĽ硣ǳ磬۾ֻ൱ԤˣνԤˣֻ֮ȴû۳𵤡
ֲ²⣬ʵǷ壬ҲǸ˵
ѧԺ֮У۾类֮Ϊʥɡ
ʲôʥɣӵһ˿ʥϢ⼸ͬĵ
ǧ֮·һЩĵĶһޡ
֮С
ǵĿȻ˹ȥ̻ɵۡ
ɵȻ۵ˣΪľǼǡ
ǰæŻָǣڿǣ˫һ㣬νȥֱӶǵ塣
ɵֻһҽУֱֱĴȥ䵽档
Ŵɵۣ˶ǾĪ
µɵۣǡôˡ
϶Ǿ֮еλˡ
֪ܲס
˱ſϷ̬ʱȷʵ̲סˡ
ԼµӰһǵϿգɫ䡣
㵽ʲôˣΪʲôҪؼҵˣȵƾˡ
ôǿ˿أǰʱ̽ңʱô㣬ȴ˼ңǲ֪
ɱǣۿǣɱ⾪ˡ
ǵģȻʵϲ᲻ңҶܷŹ㣬ȱٴĵرΪɽ缸ɵۣղһܷḻڶԹԵ͸ҰɡЦţνǳĵڶҪѹδԴ׼ڤ硣
ȻңҪû¡۷ŭǾĳȥһơ
ϵ֣֮һһֳֻץ˹ȥ۵ĹֱӱץƣȻϵ֮ץۡ
꣡
ϵɼ˼룬ǿǵһ
ǿɲ֣ͣץ˹ȥһѾͰС
۱ϾֻɵۣǶܿԤˣȻ

۾ޱȣû뵽ǾȻǿȫֻɵ۵Ϊ
һժ۵ĿռָĨʶ
ֻ۵Ŀռָ棬ԪʯѻɽˣԪʯǸ澧ͬһʯ
ǹһ£û뵽۾Ȼ˸ԣôԪʯҪжڣıǲǸĵ۾ӵôĲƸ
ţ⻹ֻһֵĲƸ۹϶и౦
Ҫеı֪ҵ˼
ãõġӦȴҲڴѶȣȻǵ۾ˡ
ץס۾뿪ǣֱ۹
ϣ׷
ɽϵ۾׻ܣвƸɽҪô
صµؼҲǲţǾþ
۹۶ĻۣЩɵ۵Ļۣȫϴһա
ʱҲˡ
ǿ˿ʣмֻ߷ɣȴҲֻܳΪ̤ʯ
ءʷŭȴ侲ǵΪ϶ԶԶ֮ϣȻƷۡ
û⣬ĿռָʹıҲҡ
ã
ʿأҧҧջǵ˵ͷ
ؿʣижѡ
ʶղضӶһգŷأɱǣǻûǸ飬˻Ϊá
Ǿãںܶ鶼ıˣ˵˵Ҳı䡣
ʵҲһԿ˶ѡ
ٴλصǣεջо㹻ڤˣ˹һ֮ǡ


1265 ǳ֮ĶԾ
ǵĵһʱ䣬Ǿ֪ˡ
ڵǹһˣֵܲ
Ժ㡣ǣ˼֮ɫ֪Ǿļˣг˸м
ǡˡЦЦԼ֣ƺɳ·ϵһ㣬ؼʱİ
˲ϵţҲǽһЩ귢飬ȻЩǶҲ֪һЩ
ԣܶ鶼Ƿ˱仯
Եǣԭеٶûôˣԭǧʱӵɵ۵սڵͣڽɾ硣
ЩȴȻ磬˼Ӱ죬ñȽ
Ժ֪ʲôôȻʵ
ˣʥʵŮλߡǵûʲôģǲǱסˣõģԺĳɾͻЩʥʶҪ
ţҲôΪġЦЦš
ҿڵľ绹ͣڽɾ磬ûвһĹô뵽ʲô̲סʵ
ǵģһ뷨ֲ֪Բԡ
Ҹһɣ֪ôĹʵǳһҲ磬ҹǻӡ֤һ£˵˫˫ͻƾ硣
ô
⻰˷ޱȡ
ʱյϵͳʾǳ繥ѡһѧΪҪ󣺰Ĺͬʱͻƾ硣ʮԼ飬츳Ƭݿ
̲סһģ֪㲻շ
ʮ֮
ǳ磬³ʿ
𣡡
񣡡
˻࿴˿Ǹо˶ԷϤϢ
ԶԶؿţ̲סЦǳ书ȻѾ䣬ȴҲǳ书ϾҪһǳǳĶԾˡ
ȥ֮С
á
ӦŲƵ֮⡣
ϥ˾Ϳʼ֤𽥽¶𾪵ɫ
ǳ书򣬾ȻҪ࣬˼þ֡
ȵȣѧǲҲǳ书̲סʵ
ǰɣҵǳ书ͷ˸ı䡣˵ǳ书Ǵ㿪ʼµ棬ҵǳ书ȴҪƿе棬ﵽҼ״̬񵭵Ȼ𲻶ָָǣñԺҲܴһ棬Ȼ֮ٵһǣȫҪҾƿǣΪҵһ֡
˵ţ߶Լǳ书ֻƺΪķһ㣬ֻһǾͷٵתͬʱһǿǳ֮ɢȥΧǳǲ
ֱ̫˼ˣǺĻһ
ǵģҶǳ书Ĵ¡ЦЦʵǼ̳ĴУȴΪ˼·Ĳͬ˲ͬķ򡣡
лл㣬ܵڿȷھŲ㾳ĹˣɢȥҵǾһͽԭ㾳ɡ˵ʱ̲סһΪ֪ԭǳ书ھžԭ㾳磬ȷʵǳ书ѡ
ϲˣʵҲԼʴϻۡˣǶӡ֤ˣԶջʱдһˡ
⡣
ӦȻѸٵ˾롣
΢΢һЦܺǳд裬ҲΪ
һУͨΧľŸǳһ̵ǻΪš
Ÿǳȫƿء
һȭȥŸǳԴﵽɵ۵Ĺ
ޱȣĹֱ˼̼սֵͨݺռ䣬һɽɫڶ
䡫
˶ԺһÿһȻſȵͽɵ۵
˵޾һ
Ҫݺռǳһ̶˵޾ġ
˲սȥʤ
ǿǿռϷ硣
ⲻսĹ֮У˽ضоͻƾƿ
ȵȻϺȻɢȥһصĲƣֲƳȪϵɢȥȻȪϵйɵĲ
ͻˡ
ţͨȪϵǳϵϵͼһſŵǳԣޱȡ
оĪѹоԼԵĺȻȪϵĹ
ʱ򻹲ͻƣʱ
ʱŭһ֮ڵǳռȻŨеΪһɫԲ


1266 Ƹʦ
ʱͣˣ΢΢һЦ
ͬʱͻƣˮɣ˵壬˵Ϊ
֮󣬾ڵɽš
ͻˡ
ץҲˡ
һЦһԺŲ裬ƺһж֮еӡ
ԶصµˣҲǺܼ
СͳΪɵˣ
ǰǲ˼飬˵Сսǳɵۣ൱ɵۡ
ָֻСһȻСôͻƣ
һȺ˿ǣ˾塣
ͻ֮鲻ҲЩΣɣҲҪȥˡ
ٺһЦͬѧ´ڼ棬ҵΪɾҪˡٺ٣˭ʱǸʮ
˵ͷҲ٣ȻʱٲͬǵΪﵽһľ磬ʱѾؼġΪڵǻۺ
һԼ³ˣһЦ
ǿ뿪ǳ磬Ҫæ顣
ԺҿҪȥһ硣
Ǿȥɣļˣһưһȫĵص㡣
ãͷԺˡ
Ӧǳ˸м

ʮ֮
ǰúļˣŲƶȥҲǶ
Ҫ飬ǾƸӵн۾ʵʦ
ȵģ뵽ۡ
ΪǵõϢ۵پҪˣֻҪ۶ɹ٣ΪԤˣǾǻʵĽ۾ˡˣΪۻۻ𵤣ܼܿͻƣܳ˾磬˿ɾ൱ǸĲˡ
ԣǾԲܴۣһҪеѧԺ
ʵǸԼռĲ࣬Լ˵ƣҲֻһ󾳽˵޽ԼȻ˵н۾սȴǻʵﾳԾ޷Ͳ鼶ĴǩԼѶԷյѧԺ֮С
̲ǣ塣
Ӱһ۵ס
徹Ȼһ֮УǿܡЩ𾪣鷳ģ۳һСһ塣
Уһòׯӡ
ۡ
ף
۸оʲôʶһɨͷһɽȻ󣬵ȴǳ
һУǽɽ뵽۵֮С
۶һ£ȡ˷ɽţֻ֡
ҳȥһˡ
˵һȻʧˡ
ǲʲô壬ɽɱûм
ۣû뵽Ļôңҽһ£ҽǡ
ǣ
ҡͷû˵һֵĵ۾
ʺۣոձҽѵ
ʲô
һǵõϢ˵ʺ۱˽һգ飬ʵǲŵģʺ۹Ū顣
ǧȷ
˵ţչֳԤ˼Ϣ
һ˵ͷˣʵѾˡ
΢΢һЦǻл
Ҳȷʵĵ
˵ɣʲôҲһ
⵹ǣҲûʵ
΢΢ҡͷżɽ㣬ΪѧԺʦ
ѧԺ
۲ǺܶЩ֡
ǵ˵ͷǵģһѧԺּһЩǿߡ
üͷԽԽˡ
ʱһɷ乲Ǹҷſ꣬ҿ԰ҹѧԺļ乲㣬ʱȻ֪˵ѧԺʲôһطӦģҲҪ췢ģܰҸٸ߱ˣǴ
ۿ˵أ𾪡
ģҪ֪ԿɲǿЦģΥˣĻήͷ
Ȼǲ֪ѧԺʲôһطҲ뿪Ҹұ֤ľʹ뿪϶㻹Ҫ磬ҲֻǳΪһͨͨ˰ɣǼѧԺ˵ԺܳΪһ
ǵ˵ţѾǳˡ
ЩĶˣƺ֪ѧԺʲôĵطǲ룬ĴҲֻͣҪԲй¶ȥС
ǿۻԥ֪նѧԺһԸԸѧԺ͸ˡ
˵ţǰʥ֮еġبӸۡ
ۿһʶһɨϾͳ֮ɫ
⹦ȫ֪


1267 ٵ
һǵѾֹȴûһ⡶بȵġҲ⹦ħ磬Ӧɡ
ǿۣһЦԶѾܴˣǲ󡣡
ԽӺ
յǵôˣֻҪ֪ѧԺʲôһڣһʾͶˣѧԺ֮УĹǡ
۳Ĭˣ֣֮صĵ˵ͷ
ǰʱҪǶץסҲ̫ųˣҾ֮ˣֲû
ǵѡ񡣡
֪ɹ˴룬ֻҪͻƿڣƸʦҲ׶ˡ
ʱʲôʡ߻ʣ۶һˡ
乲ɣ
ã
ҲɣѹѧԺһЩȫۡ
޷ƭ˵ģҲ޷α졣
أ۵ɫˣľ֣ÿܣ嶼ڲ
亹Ƕûеˡ
ѧԺѧԺȻⷽ硣
ۿǣҲ֪ǵݣˣԭͲˡ
ЩΪʲôˣҪй¶ȥ϶Ȼ󲨡
ҲõģⷽʱǡһЦڵ˸ʱˣѡΪѧԺʦǵһв
ѡѧԺ棬ȥʶһ¡ʱ϶ޱȵ˵
ܺãǾǩѧԺԼɡóһݿհԼ飬һ֣ƸǳۣԭࣩΪѧԺвʦƸΪһ꣬ںͬڲýƸƸˣѧԺԺǣƸˣࡣ
۽ӹԼ飬ܵһԼֻ֪֮ҪԼǩ֮ԼͻЧ
Ҳ˵ϾҪΪѧԺһвʦˡ
ǩɣ㲻ڵġ
š
۵˵ͷǩԼ֡
ʱԼЧԼ۳ѧԺĹƣһҲת
һҪƸʦݶʺ߻ʣԼ飬ͽȥΪƸˡǸԼ飬ʱŷԼԼ龹Ȼֻˣʱ˭Щ꣬Լ鶼깫ˣƸĶǸˣԺƸˡ
ƸЩʦʣҲмֵ
áӦⲻ
һ£ǾȸˡˣǲϾҪˣ
ǵģһٶʮ֮󡣡
ǵȹ٣Ȳ÷磬ȺһѧԺ
á
Ӧʧ֮ԼҲһصס

ʱȥ
һꡢꡢꡢʮꡭһֱ꣬һٶʮ꣡
Щ棬ȥܶطͣ׼ڤԴ
֮⣬Ҳڲͣ
ͬǰǸԺ֮Уʶ磬Ѿ˷ǵ㡣ЩǶ۵ģǳ֮ġɵһڡ
Ϊʲô˵ڣ
ϸЩǣֳͬɫеĺɫеɫˮеɫľ
һ̶ϣЩǾȻֺǸЩơ
ԶٿЩɵķǣ齨һӵ壬ŷתš
һٶʮȥȻһûͻƵ۾磬ʵȴǰǿҲﵽ˰벽۾ţʵڵѾȫƿأҶڼַ򶼴ﵽ˰ٷ֮һȱľ޷ԼĽѡ
ôȥͿԳһˡ
ϳһ˿ŵЦݣȻӰһʧˡ
ٴγֵʱ۵壬֣Ķɵۼ
ԭ֮һζɽɽͷ
Ժ
ۿǵ뵽˴֮˽ס
ǵ˵ͷ˿ʺ߻ҲڣҲΪѧԺʦ
۶ɽ֮ȥѧԺǰҽ̸ǵ֮Ųǧ꣬һҲܶ١
ţԼͿҪˡʱŵ
Ҳ˶١߻ʺߵȴǲ䡣
ڼ˵ʱȻˡ
Ժ
𿴵ǣѡ
΢΢һЦһ£ۡʡ߻ҲѧԺʦ
һŵʲôʱ飿
Ҳ档
ʱȴǿЦѣ֪һʲôʺۣħ磬ȫԺˡ


1268 Ƹ
⻰۵˶̲סЦ
Ҳ̿ȴǸ֪ѧԺʦҲǰġ
βѣڨڨҾ֪
ۿ˿棬ԽԽ࣬۵˶ˣ͸ӭȥ
ʺ߻Ҳĸȥ
ű˶ˣʱЩΪ飺ԺҵλֵܣܲܰҲнѧԺȥ
һ֪˵Ǻͺѡ
кеڶǳ޻ˮԳ丸ң𣬿νǱˡеͬǱ쳬ޡǸ˵˾Զǿվ޵ȼģνǰ;
ôҲǲСǳ˼һ£ʵںͺҲɵ۵ʵ൱Ǹߣģȼһǡ
̫ˡ𼤶ޱȣ֪ɹһ롣
ЦЦʱֻĴ﷨Ҳǽڳˡ
һĺͷģӦǺѣһڵӦǺһڵϢȷʵﵽɵۼ
׼ȷ˵һӦɵۣһǶɵۡ
ټǿĹһɵ۶ǵĶ֡
ѧԺԺһСƵһͳһ˹ȥ
е˼΢΢һЦ޾ʱգ죡
ʲôһȻĿռɺ𣬶һӾҪϣǴ˿ȴǷǲ˼άһ㣬Ƕޱȡ
ܣס֣ԺĶ֡Ц
ðɣȷʵͦġƲƲ죬ĵ׷ˣȻֵȻǴѧԺʦԺҲˡ
ҾͲ˵ɶˣҶѧԺѾܾˡ֪ǻڶɽʱ伮ʱȻڹȥ˺ܾãЩ伮нһЩݣʱȴܸһֻǿϧڶʱѾֻһģļ䣬Ȼҿ϶ǰЩ伮͸ܳưһ
ʱҲϻóԼ顣
⻹һٶʮ棬ѧ˼ιϵͳһʮԼ顣
ٸȥݣʣ°˷ˡ
ѺͺԼǩ֣ҲʽΪѧԺʦڣǶûе۾ʵǵİ
ǲǺȻ뵽ˡ
ǵġһ뵽ʲôԺǿޣ
ԣ˵֣аǱ쳬ޣҲǿԳΪѧԺʦġ
ãͺǳ˵ţǰͳˡ
аģһˣΪš
˿ɶŶɵ۵ս׵Ԥˡ
ʲôˣüһľ裬ܵĸоһΣյζ
ôǿԳƺΪԺһֱߣӦҲ˵ЦЦܰнѧԺʲôѵġ
ѵѧԺһɵ
ǵģʵѧԺһʦ磬ǳģҪƸһЩʦҾöܺʡʽǼѧԺΪѧԺĸвʦ
ǣ
˶һЩš
ǳ˼һ£֪һ򣺡ڷſ꣬ҰѧԺһЩ乲ǡ
Ͱ鶼¶˾ɫʱʾһ£ǲõġ
Ȼ˻Ƿĵġ
˵ͷŰѧԺؼ乲ǣȻͿ˵ɫ
ѧԺȻ棡
ҵ찡ôĵط
˶Ǳסˣ˿ҲǾԼЩˡ
𿴵˳Աӣ̲סЦȥѧԺ𾪵Ļںء
ʱͰ黥࿴һۣǺ治ѡ
ԸѧԺ
ҲԸ⡣
ȺʱЦóԼ飬ǩ֡
ʣµԼֻˡ
һСʱȻ۵Ķɽ֮ؾۼ˶֪۵ˡ
ߣȥ۽٣
ٰ궼ֹˡ
Ǻ˶棬ʱֻޱȵѾ˽Ƶġ
˿̵ϣѾذƷ뷽Բǧĺɫ޴вϵתţ·ΧԲһĿռȫŤ
٣ֻǿһ۶̲סɪɪ


1269 ǵ
ƼܻԽԽֲ
ʶѾ޷ŤĿռ䣬ֻϡŤռеӰ
ԭһ۶ɵ١
ν٣һصɫɵۼƿصǿ׵磬һɫɵһ֮һżɵҲѿȥڶٸֲ𹹳ɣħþ֮Ϊ١ٸǿһĻɫ׵磬֮꣬ΪϽ١
һٽۺɵľͶɹˡ
ʱ¶𾪵ɫʺ߻ʶ硣ŵڶ׽ȻأͷһͶɹˡʱ򣬲˻оһΪʲôǸоֲޱȵ٣۶ɵɡ
ֻһֽͣǾ̫ǿˡ
һٺܿҲʱѵõԵЩ
ǻɫ׵סһɫˮĻΪģ˷ȥ
ǱɫˮĻһлΪޣЩɫԼɫ׵硣
ǱɫˮĻԸٶȳϾ£ʧ
΢ЦնƺûʲôƵġ
پһַ˼ķʽˡ
ˣѾᡭʱ򷢳ˬʵҲΪԼȹٸˡ
ɾʱһ䡣
ԲնǱϺɫ֮ǰӷʮٱĻ۶
˶ɫ䣬ô£ѵٻûн
Լˣô£ⲻӦðԵĸоͻȻۼĽƲǳġ
ٵСɵۣ˿̶ŵķ׷˺
һԹ۵ǣ˿̺ȻסˣΪظӦһ顣
ˣһ֮
ǴʱΪʲô٣Ϊʲôһ֮
˶٣ҲǰʮӦٵһӡİ
˹ˣ
̲ס˴ֿڣҲ̫ͻȻ˰ɡ
ʱѾע⵽˽ƵģһӰ
ⲻǲ㣬٣ôҲ㲻
𾪵ǵԺԺô٣㶼˰
ǸɿһڨڨȻˣ磬Ҫת򡣸ոɽٵʱ汾Դʱ򣬵ʱ汾Դ϶ǸӦҵϢ͸÷ˣȴɽٳûзԾ١
ô
۲Ǻܶ˵һеӣˡ
Ҫ٣
٣ⶼˡ
׷ʲôҸоٵ۵ʮܶɹȥô
˶˽ɻ
Ȼ٣һһ֮ڽ
ǿŴľŵףһЦȻıԴ٣Ͷһ
ɣ
ǵͺһ¯ͷȻͰе׸˽ȥ
ˢһ£ŵ׷޷ͱˡ
Χ۵˶±ˣʲôոһ¯Ƿôô׶ˡ
ŵڶٽħʲôĶһӰ춼ûС
ʲôٴαǼ¯һˡ
ڶҲˡʧ˳ҲǱ׵Ĳᣬ⵽˭ڶֱٰ졣
ٵռ䶼ǳһѷ졣
Ԥ˶Ӳӡ
ʱȴһϵִ֮ȥֻһ֮˺Ѳ񷣬͵һץͰЩ׵ץ˷顣
⡭ⲻܣʵѾ֮ܳΪǿˣֱǰٵɶϷ
ɾʱһĽ
ֻձǽҲһģѸٵɢ
շ磬ԼĿһӰǺܿӰʧˡ
ںԶĵط΢΢һЦ˼ȻˣǶɹ֮֮еȻҲɱ䣬Ȼɱν֮ȴҲӵһ˿ԡ˵֮ڵķ֮ںˡ
أҲ
Ϊʵ˵ѾԤˡ
ǻص򣬻Ҫ磬ӦǸķ򣬴ﵽνĽ۾硣
º
۷磬ΪУֻѧԺļλʦ֪ǺȥѧԺ
ȥ绹ˣȥڿô
ѧԺ֮УʱѾȥʮ꣬Щ棬仯ܴ
ǴԼͨѶ豸һѶϢ
ֻĸ֣ۣ


1270 ׼ڤ
ȻǳֻǶû뵽ôͻơ
ڰ벽۾ľ̫ˣôͻƣҲԼۻ񣬲ȻǱˣǵõԴ֮ҲôͻƵ۾ľ硣ټϳϵʮλ۾ˣӴϵĲԽԽСˡһϵǿĻϵǿߣЩͽ׵۾
һϵǿߣϵػߣӵ޿ʵ
ǿֻҪڣǾһ塣
硣
ǵ۾ˡµ۾ЦͻƵһٷۣϵĴϲ¡ûʱ䣬Сһ¡
ҲСǵ˵ͷ
Ǿºɣϴεĵطµ۾˵ȻǷĺǣʱ϶Ҳϯˡ

ڤ硣
磬һȻ˿ռڤ־֮ء
۵Ӱʱ۳ͣƺЩȣ㾹ȻɵؾͻƵ۾ˡ
ǰɡ
ʵ֪Լʲôǰǳ˵ѾԤˣҲǵ۾
磬ûпٳ磬Ʋϵ۾
ڤ־Ѿ۳ˣΧĿռ仺ںһ𡣲ڵڤռ仹̫Сˣֻʮеꡣ
ڸСϵӵмʮǻЩ˵ϲꡣ
Ҳģͨ˵Ҳܴڰ꣬ˣҲʱʧࡣ
ΪڤĿռ䡣˵ţԺȨȵɳıǿߵʬ壬Ǳնɱ㥵۾ڵ۾еǳһЩɵۼʬ塣
Ȼĵرʯྦྷ澧
ǴǳӶʡ۵˵Ŀأ˿ȫ˳
ڤ־ܵʲô嶶
ڤһѪڣޱȣſں౦ĸ˽ȥ
ڤĴҲ䶯Щʯɵˡ
ڤ綼ڣɱһ㣬ڤľϵʼĳչԽԽԶֱǵʶ޷ȫ֡
䡭
ڤ֮гһĺɫ׵磬
紵ѪƮ䡢һɽӵһĻ档
ǿѪջ۳ѪӣڤľϵѾչ˼ޣռ䷶ΧѾܹȫ̫ϵ
ռŤ壬ͣص
أ
𣬾춯أ˻
ԶգҰĵشκɫ۳һ־޴ĺɫѪ¡
Ѫ²ʣֻͨСҫ۵ĺɫâҫڤ硣
ˡ
Ƿգڤ硣
ϧڤ־޷׾ѣǽյ˫۲֪ʲôʱ۵ĹƻҪꡣ
Ҳżܵȣȴһĵʱ۹䣬ڤ۹䣬γԼֻϵͳ
ѧԺ֮С
巽ۣڰ޳Լѧ
Ժ
һȺͬʱǳ˹
ǵ˵ͷһڤѾȫͣڤ滹ȽϿտǾȥڤڤĻ蹤ɡʱڤ糹׾ѣγ˶ĴԪҲܵõ޴ô
ǣԺ
ӦЩ
һ¡ǿһ类нѧ
һʵ꣬һ·ޱȼѣѣΪѡͬһѧѧ඼ѾɾߡˣڣСٻʦΪҲǸոմɵżܸṩİ࣬ΨһЩԼڹ֮⡣˵ţһ㣬ȫ
лԺһим
ǧԿɳɵȻ汾Դ޵ĴڣǾͻһͨһͨϣҵǵ۾ޱ䣬ƺܿδһ㣬ˣȥúĲˣٰЩ̸ˡ
ǣԺ
УڤĳһܺõĻᣬһҪס󽻴
š˵ͷת뿪

֮У޾淽
ۿԶɫ£أϢԶ
ôʲôоǵӰ۵ĺ棬鲽ߵ˺۲еĵط
ǸҪǿǧ򱶡ۻܸоıԴ̫ǿˡǿߣһᳬǸ档


1271 ƵĴԪ
Ƕ۵ĻϿɡ
ͺñһԽɵŻԽ󣬶ǳȻ޷ڵĳȡ
ȻҲûʲôֵģϾǳҲֻϵͳܻ硣
ֻЩ֣ܻôϵͳʲôһִڣԽǿϵͳԽԵ֪
Ǿãνϵͳһ˵²ǲĳ֪ĴڸЩ
ϵͳȻЩη
˵ǳһС棬Ǵˣⲻ֡Ȼ治ͬǷͨģҲƵġǳѾɹ磬磬ΪԤˡ磬ֻŽ۾սȴĽ۾Ϊ㻹ȱԼеĽ硣ǻ£ͿӦķ򣬿ٳԼĽ硣
ס۵˵ͷ
֮㻹ҪȥһЩγ̣࣬ᵢ̫ʱ䡣
õġȫûΪʦ

µʱܿȥ
ǿԽռ䣬Ųǧ꣬˺ǡ
ǵ۾һͿĳϤӰӺӭ˹
ҵ˭ôԭǳ۾ϲˡЦ۳ϢȻǿ󣬳ͻƵĽ۾
Ҫлǵ۾û㣬ҲͻơԺǵ۾ʲôԸܿڡ۾ȫ൱һŵˡ
΢΢һЦóƷԣǻδػסݶ顣
ϡ
µ۾һƺӵǵ۾ʱǺ۾صĺþƣһǧˣŸոտ⡣
ЦȥʲôþƣҳǺ۾ϲưɣ
۾⻰ȵʲôϲƣһǧǰͳʱڵµģ˵ǵͻƵ۾磬ٰóû뵽һȾһǧ꣬ȵĻлˡ
ЩΣǳΪ˽۾Ǳʦѹ
ǺسһνƣֻζµòӦһֲֽ
ˣµ۾ЦҾ˵ôǵ۾һƷġ
һֲ涼࣬ҩüֵߣƣζʮƮǧǧ꣬㶼ܴһеȵǳõƣȴҪģԪľ䣬òΪ˴֡ǻ˵ţ˶Ǵ㵲ѡ
̫ˣƲñ棬£İ֮ˣȻ˭ơ۾ƲƲ죬һǧģǰȲȡ
ȣôȣ˼ͬʱӦ

ءԱ߻ƺ۾ˣɡ
˺ܿʱԵĸоɫЩ쳣
ҶΪףģҲǶȻû
ʱ򻺻ڣҵõһܲõϢӴϵǶߵĹӴϵˡ
⻰˶һ
ˡ
ӴϵӴϵڶҪлϵ
ӴϵĲؽ۾۾ҲӵŽ˽׵۷Ϊ۾١֣ҶǶ֡ѾǼϣʱľһκõʱˡɫأһһκˣһĻҲֻǿ
ʲôõʱʱ̲ס
ȣڵ۾ͻƵŽףĻʱҾӶ϶ޱȵ˵Ҳô
ԷҪϵһЩϵĵ۾˵˾Ҫնݳ
⻰ȫĬˡ
ʱߵôʵûʲôµģ˾һֻҪΪԼȺΪԼļ԰˹ףǾңҲԴеģƺ۾ң˵ڼǰżȻõһͼͼָһؾ֮أܿһƵĴԪ磬ҵ磬г˯ĴԪ־˵ܰΪһͻƵŽ۷壬Ժϵκˡ
ƵĴԪ磬˯ĴԪ־ʵ̫ˣ˶Ǳһ
Ƿǲ񷷨ȫͨһԪ־ؼǿռܡ
磬ǲƵĴԪ磬϶ҲΣأҾá
˵ˣΣգҲҪȥⲻΪϵҲΪԼ
־ᶨ֪ʱѾܽȣǵȼʮ۾ͻƣǾһжˡ


1272 
˶֪ĸԣľ׸ģҲȰ
ʱֻƺ۾ͼмˣѾоĺ͸֮ǰȥǲƴԪıԵ̽Ҳ·ҲȥȨǸϴ·
˵ͷĵͼӦһʵ㲻ȥʱֵĺôҲһݡ
ƺ۾ΣƺԼ뷨һ˵ƣЩ˼
˲ݸȥȴǲͬˣϵһӿɲ뿪ô۾
֮󣬴ҸԻȥ
ڳŵķŲƣȻһ
ʲôˣ
Ų֮ԵĸоΧĿռ˱仯ƺһΪĻþ硣
ǰߣʵǳ󣬳ԶŲƣʵû뿪ܱʮ
Щɢһɾ˵ɱ⡣
ģ֮֮תһñ
ʱ֮УһӰͬʱӺ뿪Ļ۾

һȻǻ۾ȳ֣
һ̽Ż۾һץֻ֮ϣػˮתɲǼγ硣
ЩѹȥգǬʹǺӶǲǹⰵ
ȻôǿȻû˵
۾ϳ֮ɫѸٺˡ
ֻÿźһͻγһõ磬ǡ
ƣ
ǵƺԥץõ֮ϣһݿıݻ٣ȫ޷ֵ
۾ţǾȻ飬Ƿ޷

۾ȹӱǵƸץƣֻӶݳȥ֮Զ
ȵһ£Ҳĵˡ
۾ǻ֣æǷҹģûж⣬ֻΪ̽һ㡣
⻰Ż¡
漴ϵһ·ʱЦͨѶȷʵģû۾͵㶫û뵽ҵĻҪ̽һ㣬γ˴ɣ
۾βѣֻ˵ǿ֪ôǿˣҽ׵ΪȻѹƵĺ޻֮û˵
ٴηˬʵЦǳЦȻֱжͨ
ʱ˿۾ЩǸ˼û뵽Ͷͷʲôϵ

۾ʱ̲ס΢죬Ȼѡ
㲻Ƿ˰ɣ
뵽ʲôƺξۻʱ򣬻۾ԷЩȻ
Ҳˡ
۾ҡҡͷЩ֮ɫԺ󡭡ԺҲǰɡ
ǿﻹף΢΢ЦģŮ׷׵úܣͣ
۾ȻȻҲŵĵ˵ͷ
ˣҴĶأǻص⡣
ǷͻƵ۾磬ٽľ顣۾Щص˵ȻҲ֪ΪʲôЩ㣬ⶫֶʲôã˵ֻϵϣһѡġ
֪ˣллǵ˵ͷӹǶ֮еļ侧ʯ¼ģЩж
϶ǷѾ˰벽۾磬϶Ҫٽ磬ԾͰԼٽľϣܶе
ٶ˵ʲôһʧǿ֮С
صѧԺ֮С
ǵһʱȡ˷ļ侧ʯݾԼͻһν۾硣
ԭٽô£ϧҵ⣬ľҲֻܸһЩţʵͲʲôϣⶫҪǸ۵Ļʡ
ҲڳԿٽ磬Ӧķ
ѧԺȱⷽһЩ伮ҲֻϹ׽Ǵ㿪ʼ˷ͻƵľ䣬ȫһˣ׺ܶࡣ
Ǵۣܿ͹ˡ
ǷͻƵٽľ飬ȥоһ£Ӧöдá
̫ˣֻҪܿһôٽģһܸеԭЩǸļ侧ʯͻȥˡ
ЦЦȻɫȻܰշķԼĽ磬ͻƵ۾磬ʵҲôѣҲʱһ½۾ˡ
֮У޾ĺڰ֮
ǻر۾ʼʵ뵽ԼͻƵ۾ķܼ򵥣ǾǰԼ¯ܻΪԼĽ硣ں֮ǰƻˣҲ¯׶εҪһ


1273 ĻԵ
¯ų磬ʵڲûԡ
ǰ¯ܻΪԼĽ磬¯ñӦ淨¯ʼӦķ
£ȷûκ©֮ſʼһĶ
뵽¯֮У޾ʼ¯֮йһĿռ䡣Щռ䲻ϵس֣Ȼ죬¯ڲҲԽԽӣԽԽ㡣ͬʱԼԺ֮еģͨ汾Դ򣬽¯֮С
Ҫĺܼ򵥣Ǿǲϵչ¯Ȼ¯γһϵ
۾Ľˣ˵ÿһ綼һҿŴĹʵЩʵϵش֮мȡ׳Լǵ¯ȴֻ֮Уȴ޷ЩڵļƻһɹԺ¯Ҳ۾ĽһܲϵشԪ֮мȡ
Ҳ˼ģĽһ¯磬һ硣

ʱȥǵͻƻ֪ʲôʱ򣬵һɹضǾ춯صġ
ʱ֮Уæµš
ðվˣʵѧԺûʽʱѾĵĽ˼Σ˲ٱԴѧԺǰеʱ仨֮̽УΪҲԽԽǿѾﵽ˰벽ﾳͻƵﾳҲֻһˡ
Ѿǧ࣬㵽ײˡ˿ţǰһް磬гһּ䱩
֮еһط֮Ϊħ
ħ첻֪ʲôԭǷһһޱǿ󣬶û־һ˾͹кܶߡЩɱˡЩ۾ԭҲһ
ȫΪ˽һ㣬û̽Դ
ˣⲻʵ˵ºӴϵһλﾳ׵ߣ˶ԷֵһһױԴӵҲʱ֣˱֮ħȴˮʲô񱩵Ҳܱħա
ֵǣƺһںָǰȥ
ǡ
üͷȻһֺܲõԤУɾʱһصס
һٶˣˡһſ쳹ռ֮УȻҿе壬̫ˣǶ㣬һָճɾ͵ġ
ʲôˣɫ䣬֪Լ϶мˣֲɵ뵽ԭǶԷġ
ħ򣬹Ȼд⡣
㿴ҵģΪֻһƲл꣬һ־ٴ𣬡֮սҵ类飬ҲǼһɱֻʣһƲл꣬ҲḴʵĻӦˣҵ֮أжһƿأôá
һл꣬ͦࡣЦ
ߣЩ棬Ҽ˼ˣûһܺҵںϵģƥȶǵ͵Ŀ㾹Ȼƥĳ̶ȴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮϡ֮ǰ鷨ɷķ֧֮һķǲͬҲɷķ֧Ȼٷ֮ʮƥ̶ҲߣѾûΪҴһ壬ҲֻһƲлֻ꣬ˡЩįҲЩȻһ
ɷ鷨򣿡
ૣЩİȻֻе˵۾磬ʽʼǰߡ߾綼ǻһڽ۾ķ
ħʵͲ²⣬Լ̺֮ķӦɷ򣬻˵ɷķ֮֮һ
ɣҰɣ
Դ֮Ȼܻһףײ֪ʲôȺģΪһâǳʶ֮С
ǰ鷨򣬿κ꣬ҪҪˡ
ô
ʱЦһƲлѣҪΪһ˿ɱ˵꣬ҿ˵ıԴΪɡ
˵ţתԼĹ
ʶ֮У֮һҲڴ߶
ʱһɫĹâϯȥʶܸʴһеĴ֮ɫ
ǲл걻ɫĹâסޱʹļôܣôܣ㵽ʲôΪʲôʴң


1274 ͻ
ЦһƲлѣˣúôࡣħ޾ɣ
ɫĹâϯȥסһƲл꣬Ȼһʳ
л꼤ҵţȴȫá

ҴˣҲģŹҰɣ
л꿪ʼ
ߣ㶼Ҫˣ㡣лļ䱻ȡΪ
ŹңҿԳΪ¡
ǰһλ飬֪ܶܡ
Ҫ
ҲģΪʲôһˣҵĿǡ
л󲻸ĵĺ֪ǲŹˣǱɡ
ȻôöһǰȻһλλǲ˼顣λڲ棬ȼҲǺܸߡ
ףȻĹħôҵħһȣħֲҿƵġȻҲһѾĥˣȫʢʱڣɱҹҲһ飬Ҳ¡ϧֻвл꣬ܲǰ֮һҲù
̫ˣ׳˺ܶ࣬ħҲɣҵΪҲͻˡ
ﾳˣʵǰȣֱһϣһ£
мޱȣ˵ĻǸﾳ׵ߣҲˣҰһıȡˣȥԸǸһ
˵ţѸٵĳƶȥ
Ƶ磬еıﶼǲлռȴȫ

һǰһȿռ֮ţȥȻʮԴȼߵһȻﵽ˶ױԴһǶױԴ
ħףӦþһǰķ
һϲѡ
һƷȥȴһһȻڡ
һľ壬涼˼ѷ죬ȷһеķ
ͻƵ۾Ѿ⡣ת鷨ֱӳɾ顣ҵ־ǳΪһͨ飬ҪɷһȷԺĳɾ͸κε˵ġﰵ
жȡֱ꣬ӷ˳ȥ
棬Ǹﾳ׵߿ʱ˷㻹ҳѶ
һЦ֪Ϊһ㡣
˵ţɱ˹ȥ
˼ʮжԺǸ¶ޱȵɫȻȫѹסˡ
һ棬һıԴװһҲΪ̫ࡣ
ôܣɶʱͻƵģΪ
䣡
һȭ˶Է壬ֻڲŵĿ֮Уѳһġ
Ȼֻǳﾳﾳ׵ߣħһıԴװҲȫ塣
ţȡ˶ԷıˣڿԻѧԺˣεջ̫Ҫúõһ¡

̫ϵڤǡ
ٽķѾĥԼĹ
ǾԪӤ֮Уһ硣
ĸʼٽ磬ֻԪӤϥãһ˳
أԪӤ֮гһռ䣬ռ䲻ϵ죬ޱ޼ʵơ
ʱУ汾ԴȻٵ硣
ˣ
૵ЩȻٽʵܼ򵥣Ҫľǵõ汾ԴϿɡôܵõ汾ԴϿɣǾǰһַٰٷ֮һֲñ˵ǳΪ۾ıҪңˮľںϷѾ𵤣ַıҪڰٷ֮ʮܻҪ࣬Դ˿ٽȻκ⡣ֻҪ׳磬žǳΪĲ飬Ҳʲô¡
Щ۸оԼǴһµ֮·
ñڣ߶羹ȻܲϵشЩܷԼ
оص֮Ǿһֺص߶Ťռ䣬ıΧ
Ҳصǳ磬Ҳ֮Խˡţǳ磬Ժ϶Ҫȥġ
Щʱһ۵ʶ
ϲʦͻƵ۾磬ΪȹŻķΪӦܴﵽϡϵãһ۾ҲôҶһЩʱһ۾ȥ׼
ǣԺ
۰𾪣û뵽ǾȻ֪£ʶ硣


1275 ϵ֪
Դǳʵ˶оǵı仯
ô˵أǰǿҲأǱ˻ܿһЩʲôڵǣһŨ֪Ũ浽źεȿµĴڡ
˵ˣˡ
ĻۣҵԼĵ·ǰֻܻһڴĥıⱦڿˡ
ЩۼʼԼĽ硣
֮ͣ
ʱ۷֣ΪڲϵؼȡʹΧŨʮľǡ
ؼߴ˹ûɢȥΪ
վеɢˣʱΧǧ߶ת˹ǿۣ˳羴֮ɫ
ΪۣѧԺвʦ
ʱ򻺻ȴÿһ
ۣǵ۾ôһ߾ȵһһˣ˵ԭʼѪͳ
ǵģˡ΢΢һЦǵ۾ϵһλ۾
ʲôǵ۾
ϵֳһλ۾һѧԺģ̫ˡ
ѧԺ̫ˣȥͶˣζûϡʱЩε
ͣŬˣ̫ԺһܳΪѧԺѧ΢΢һЦתԶǿȥĽ³һˮɫĴǺӰһˮɫ

ۻصѧԺ֮У͹ˡ
ʦҴΪͳ˧

۳˼һ£ԺۣҲֿͷ֪ǲڤڤ֮⡣
ԺҪġ۲ͬ⣬ֲһ䡣
֪ˡ۵˵ͷ֪Ӧ˵ͨϵķˡ
֮
ʮ졣
۷ԼϲĻ˵ǽģЩȡ
۴ˣҪʼˣڹȥһŮͿڵ
š˵ţһ̤Ѿ˵ŷǵҪߵĵطÿ춼ļפ
۳ˣµͳ˧
۾ǵ۾
ѧԺǵ۾λ۾ˣϵĵ۾Ҳʮλʮһλ
˿ۣ˳羴֮ɫ
ʦһơ
ʱߵϯ̨ϣһװƺΧĻܲȴûκ˿һ˿Υ͵ĵط
ۿ˿ߣʱ򻺻ڵۣ۾ΪѧԺԺ֮ܵ룬ʽԺΪµͳ˧ԺһѧԺ־άϵĺƽΪ˷ܶ
̵ܼļ仰ȴҵ
⻹Ϊֹһ۾ǿ߹˵ĺиȾ
硣
µ۾ͼλ۾ڣ˿ǻ֮С
ϵֳһλ۾۾Щŵż꣬ϵȻλ۾ԣǵ۾λˡ
̫ˣ۵۾Ͼ׷Ӵϵˡ۾˷ܵ
ô˵½ĵ۾ѧԺģѧԺҲ̫˰ɡ۾ЩôָоѧԺǲǺ׳Ϊ۾
ǼˣѧԺʲôط۾Щ
λµĵ۾ôµ۾ħǵ۾˼һ¡
϶ˣǵ۾Ҳǰ֪ˡµ۾˵ţֻǰͶһˡ
ۣ
½ĵ۾
찡ôоһǿ
˶Ǿǲµ۾һ
ɨһ⼸λ۾ѧԺʦۣλͬ
˿񣬶վֵĺ顣
۵˵ͷ¡
򵥵ĳһۿڵ˭פԺ˵ڣܻѹסһЩС֮Ҳʱפһʱ䡣
ʱҡµ۾һЦȻһĽ׵ĵ۾ǲģ۾Ǹεĳ֣ȻҰȫĺܡ
۵˵ͷǵȻԺˣҲͦģȥһΪá
ȻûԸȥȥҲܼǿһϵʵ
ܱߵļϵҲõϢ
Ӵϵʮ۾һһǷŭޱȡ
ϵǸһֱѹĵطھȻʮһλ۾ˣԺǸҺǽаˡ
˵ɱ㥺ڵ۾ǵ۾ѧԺġ
ˣɶʱðһѧԺ
ֵģоˡ


1276 ۾
Բϵȥ䲻ģһ۾˵ҲͬС
ʲô⣿
ߣʱﻹҪʲô⣬׼ɱϵһ۾Ȼһǵ硣
еϵĵ۾ϵɲôҵġ
лġ
۾΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ϵ֮ڣҲǵõϢЩ𾪻𾪡
壬ѧԺĴ壬Ҳ֮ͬС
ҿðǰλɣɽ´Ϊ峤о˾޴ѹ˭ѧԺλ۾ǰʷϣҲûĸҵǿԮһпɶǰĹ͡
ҿУҲ˻羳Ϊǰλȫ˵ùȥˮ˵ͷʱҲǷ׷ͬ˭֪ǰλܸĺô
Ǿѡð̳峤֮λɽ´λһ֧һˮʱ򿪿ڵλ͡
ڵμһҵۻİյϢʱ򵱼ɵˡ
ΪˣȼƻĶǰ˼ꡣ
ΪĴϣϣѧԺԺǰ񡣡ˮصڰԺ棬ѧԺԺһ۾ǰȥ񣬰治ұ֤
˼һ£ǸǷһ뺯
ĵȴ˼֮յһţݺܼ򵥣ϲǰΰļóԸڱչ֮У޷ǰȥ񡣲Ѿʦҳϯ㹻άǼ档Ҿһǿ󣬲ӦÿˣҪǿŬϣܳΪĵһλ۾
̶̵ļ仰ֻим
ϣΪĵһλ۾δһֶ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲյϢ
ʦʱȲҪȥº󣬰İм峤֮λǰȥ񡣡
õģԺ
Ժ֮еоǵΪƺˡ
֮һʱѧԺȡһһױԴ밲彻һԽѧԺ
ǡ
ȡһԭΪ񡣡
֪ˡ

º󣬰Ѿɽ˺
ߣ߶ǲԶǧϹΪ˳ϯļʽ
˵ѧԺԺô
ӦûɣѧԺĽǺܲ
ǵϢ̫ˣѧԺԺѧԺʦۡ
һȺţڰ֮ʢװİҲǼޱȡ
һԣԼŮζȫھȻڼߣҪŮ뵽ԼȰ޸ʯĶӣսսġҪ֪ʯ˰ҪͿģ˵ʯǸҶˡ
ŮδϾҪʼˡ
֪
˵ŻվߵߵʱȴǺȻڣܳΪǷ뵽н죿
һڨڨǰĿ⣬ŮͲҪһʶˡ
˵ʲô˵ͬ£Ĵȥ
֮ڣ˿Ű׷ء
ҲʱԶʳɫְۻ̤һ˰Ĵ
ۣǵ۾
۾۾ˡ
ǺεºܣȻʹõ۾
ˮʱ򵱼һаӵܣǰȥӭӵ۾
ǣ
򰲸ӵܺţһķ˳ȥǰĺȻǰ
ߡߣҲǷ׷ӭ˳ȥ
֮С
΢΢һ񣬻ʦͷһˡ
۵˵ͷֹ˰񣺡ԺԸȻиԺѴҲһ
⻰л
ǴϲһԵԹ֮𾪣ǹĳŵˡ
ʱһУһɫۣ£ѧԺ֯Ůʦɼϼ֮֯ͶɣԺһƣȼﵽԭһֵľ񹥻ٶȣɷμȻ´⡣
Ǹм֣˫ס£Լϡ
ֻ·ϵɲǼ䣬Ϸʵϼ⣬˾ŮԸǳĽ
Ҫ֪һԭȫһһױԴˡ


1277 ɱ
۵Ļû꣬ʱһ죬ֳһƷһױԴ񵶣밲塣
ˮʱ̲סһ
һױԴ밲壿
ǱԴ߶޷ӵУѧԺȴһǼ塣
Ǻεȵ٣߶ĽǿԣǶԸ㾡лȡһһױԴ
лѧԺ裡
ˮʱżλͬʱӵҲǷ׷׹
۵ͷ˵һԺȡһؿֲ֦ѧԺֻҪ֦࣬ѧԺɫ
ֱӻȡһ֦ģ˵ȫһˡ
һ֦ǻģǰѧԺļ֤
ˮ˿Ҿܾʱ˵ȡһؿֲ֦ˣǰԵѧԺ
ϾҲߣѧԺȴʵ
ۿӦʣ̽ռ֮УĿռ䡣
Ÿѿһȡ
ʵ֮ǰҲ˴ӰԹⶫףҶڻ羳֮ôԴǳΪ˹֮˲뵽ѧԺۣ֮пԼʱǳ磬ԺѧԺ϶ܳɳ
۾룬δϾҪʽʼˡˮЩһơ
áӦ߽˴ںŽ

δ뿪
Ϊ۵ĳ֣ٴ쳹ϵ
ͬʱڲ֪֮Уںӡ
ڷѧԺҪҪڶ֣һɳƵɤ˵һ
Уϵĵ̣ѧԺԺܿעǶ֣Ƿɹһӿڵ˵۽ܿȥ򣬲ˡʱΪռϵĵ۾Ԯ
ţǾô죬ϾԷǳ鲻ྦྷɳƵӵ뵽ྦྷǼⶫ֮ڿܲô󣬵Щϵ֮Уޱȵı
һһ˶ܵõ鲻ྦྷ׬ˡһֵٺ٣һ½ĵ۾Ȼ׵ɱͬʱ֣Ҳǹˡ
˵ţûȫ˺ڰ֮С
˺Զ֮󣬻ͷ˿ϸһ˿ϷŰ֮ɫ
˭СǾ͵ųԴɣȻ½۾Ƿ򼫸ߣˮľںϷˮľȻȷ򣬵ںķȴǿȶȷʵҲˣߣķ򱻳֮Ϊ취ͬΪһȡ
ԣϸ˵ķȼӦǶȱ취һĶȷͬȼ
ο۵ΪҲһĵ۾ԱȵģǴﵽ˽Ľס
һº۳ȥ
ʱٴθоͷ¶βļһʱװʲô֪ǰȥ
תۣѾ
֪ԷܾҪˣʱһӰǰȻǲµ۾
ۣӭˡµ۾Ц
ͷµ۾ˡ΢΢Щʧողµ۾ͻȻ֣Է϶Ͷˡ
ߣҴȥϵפءµ۾
áӦ
ԶڰѾЩŭ
ģǸһǲϵĲµ۾ôӭˡɳӷŭۿŵֵѼӾˡ
۵ǲۺͲµ۾һǸҶˡһ̾һ
ǰµ۾Ž׵ΪɲĶֻ֣ٵȻˣҾͲŲµ۾һֱߡɳӺ޺޵Ȼȴ۾һתҲǿ취ǸֿӦòѰ졣
ð취һӵ˵ͷ
ϵפء
ˣϵ̽ľһ飬ô꣬Ѿǧ鲻ʯµ۾Ц
Ŷʯôһö۵˵ͷϸµ۾ϵ
۵ĵȴӴϵǱߵλ۾оһΣա
һλǽ۾ʱЩô£ôţīѻ۾˵ҺôǼˣǿ鲻ྦྷˮƯ˰ɡ
ıһеӴϵļλ۾
Լٶϵĵ۾ֲ֣뿴ϵ󣬾뵽ɱ֡


1278 ֪
ʱȥתѾꡣ
һƺƽ֮жɹ
ۣû뵽ˮľ֮ҿкܴϣ񣬳ɾ顣µ۾ÿպһЩţ۵Ϊ簵еȡ
ʵµ۾Сֻۣ֪ڽĵȼ޷Ϊָ֪࣬жྪȡ
µ۾ˡ΢΢һЦǲµ۾ȻǹⷨҾȡգǹ޴ڣַܰ򵽼ĵزҾ˵ܴɱĳһȷԲµ۾ҲҪԷƱ
ۻᰲοˡµ۾̲סЦȻȴǿͨѶȻ
ôˣۺѯʵֲµɫЩԡ
е飬һϵµ۾˼һ£Щŭ֮ɫ
ãڣ㾡ܷġ۵˵ͷ
šµ۾Ҳǣǹ뿪ˣֱ׷١
΢΢һڵĲµ۾ǹݷֱ߽׵˶ĪЩ˿ռطˣȻ׷ϲµ۾ľԲࡣ
ǹⷨóľٶȡ
һطͷ¶βӿŲµ۾뿪¶˾ϲɫ
ɹˣµ۾ϵˡ
Ҿ֪Ǵռ˲µ۾鱨
ǰȻ˭֪µ۾һա
˵ţ¶ǿҵɱ⣬ֵ֪ʱˡ
µ۾Ѿ׳򡣡
Сʱ֮ڣܻˣھͶ֡
˵ţؽռ֮УĵسǱ˹ȥ
Ǹһ˿΢ɲļڽĴǣѾµµ۾뿪ǶԷĵɽ֮ơ
ֻǶԷܸ֪ǻǱǻ
װûвԷۼæԼ飬Щ飬µ۾ڣֻϡ
ȥ
Ȼռһ˿𶯣ɳƵͬʱһѷذ״۵ĺ󱳡
һĿռʱҲһУһǴ̽һֻ֣ͬһذ״۵ࡣ
ϵ޷죬ν
Ҵˡ
Ҳǣǳɹˣı֮лҪס
˶˷ޱȣɾʱǰͻأʧˡ
ԭǴеĲһѡ
ã
ô£
˷Щ֮ĵ׿Ǻĳ֮С
λѾ֮ãڳ֣ǹĵġ۵һ򴫳˵֮ɫ
˿һɱۣ
ˣǾֱӶ֡
ǿɱ
˹ͨһ£۷ϻ۹ɱȥ
֪
ۿˣ͵һȭȥ޴ˮɫжȻ֣ռ䶼Ǳ˺ѡ
˵Ĺǣסֱһ¾Ƕˡ
ôܣʵɳ¶˻ֵ̿ɫ鱨Ǹոսĵ۾Բǡ
ʵǽĽףӣһҲǸоΣ
ΪԼߵõ˵ų˴ȥֱƿռ䣬ƺͨһŻǵϣȻب֮еһЩƤëãǶԸˣѾǴ´ࡣ
飡
˵ɳȥڵĽֱӱ顣
޴ͬʱɢ˳ȥΧٵĵ۾ߡ߶ǲˡ
ˣڶˡ۾˿̼ޱȣԵһλ۾Ҳ¶˾ϲɫ
Ѹٵģ۾˳ȥϵפط򣬿ǰһĻȴޱȡ
ֻӱɳȥȫϢ΢Զˡ
ǰ۳Ʈƾˣ˵˭ģ
ӲϵسŲţ¶ޱȻֵ̿ɫ
ǲ˵Ϊ֯Ĺ涨
˵ֻ
۸ûʣгһˮɫĳ˾Ƿն˹ȥ

˶ģͱֱնɼΡ
ʱۿӴϵķǳͱԩ޳ɱɱģֻпЩܱߵĴϵܵľӴϵ
ÿ¡۾̲סĵһǱ˻ȥҺ۶ӡ
֪ƻ϶ʧˡ
׵ɱֶնɱ۵ʵҪڽĽ֮ϡ
صӴϵפأ۾ϵīѻ۾
ˣˡ۾˵ţɫڶЩȻʧˣƻʧˣλɱȫˡ


1279 ߱֯
īѻ۾Ĭ˺ܾòŻڵ֪ˡ
۾סѵôˣǿ鲻ྦྷ鰡Ӵϵ̽ôãŷ˶ٲྦྷ
īѻ˼һ£һϵһɱ֯ô˵
۾˵ͷϵǣϵǣǴɱʧܣǸϽ˹
īѻ۾ʱֱӹҶͨīѻ۾ߣȻһˣ˾ȻǺߡ
īѻ۾źߣ߱֯ɳȥɱ۵ɱˣɱʧˡ
סȫǲţôܣɱֵ۾ɶŽ׵ΪһͨӰһͨݿշǲʧܵġ
īѻ۾ߵһƭ㣬ֱһ˽۾ǰ
ʱ뵽ʲô֪ˣṩϢǸ۾Բ½ĵ۾
īѻ۾Ҳ֪Ҳ磬ֱӵչɱʧˣô죿
֪ܾϵģֻһмˣҪʾһҵϼô˵
ãٶȿ㡣
īѻ۾Ժ߿ɲʲôɫô˵Ҳһߡ
ʮ֮󣬺߻ˡ
ô
ҵϼҪ˵
˵ţֻǰͶӰһ۵ӣһѰ׹Ǵϣһаζ
ǺߵϼīѻȣȻֻһͶӰоԷΪԶ֮ϡ
ӦͳѾ֪ˣ֮ǰ﷢ɱʱѾúߺ˵ĺܳɹ鲻ྦྷŲ˻Ծʧˣ߱֯Ҳٰ˶۽дɱ
ɱ֯ѵġߺ޺޵
ߣ鲻ྦྷҪһʧܣȻٰɱ֣Ŀһֱ׷ɱȥô뷨ǿЦúܣ˵ģ˰ǴɱһλǿߣҪеɱִȥְ׳һɱ֯ǲڵġ߱֯Ĺؾշѣ۳ɹ񡣡˵īѻ۾
īѻ۾֪ȥҲûκ塣
ʹһ֮У߱֯õġ
Ȼǰշѣһ񣬶ᰲʵɱ֣ɱĳɹһֱܸߡ
ǻٴɱأҪ鲻ྦྷīѻ۾ʵ
ǻɱۣҪʮ鲻ྦྷӵɡ
ʲôʮ飬һǲܳɹʧܡ
ǵġ
У̫ˣ̫ˡīѻ۾ҡҡͷǸòô಻ྦྷ
Ҿ͹ܲˣǵۺ۵ʵҪڽ֮ϣֵۡ˵ţȻǳ۸ǾڴԺٺˡ
˵ţӵͶӰɢˡ
īѻ۾ǻ֮У۵ʵȻڽ֮ϣ⿪ʲôЦ
ҲһȴǼæǶȥ
īѻ۾ĸ̲ۡסǵһ뵽˵۵ʵǣǺڲ֪ѧԺΣȻϵɱ۵мˣҪǱѧԺ֪ƸŹˡ
ãĿǰӦû֪
ͬʱһսϢסѸٵĴϵ֮ڡ
硣
׵ɱ֣ɱˣ۾һ𾪣ϵļλ۾ҲǺ±ơ
϶Ӵϵɱ֡ߵЩŭڲŶǶ֣ͶʹֶΣǲӶˡ
ˡ۾ڵ
ۣοһսħǵ۾
ѣ֪µ۾ôˣҿߵʱЩԡʵ
ˣ֪ĸ쵰ܽĵ۾Ĺ߶Ϊʲô۾У롣۾Цⶼȥôˣû뵽µ۾ܽ㻹
Ҳ겻ѡ
һͻ֪ܵ۾Ǳɱһλϵ۾
ҿȺϢξۻᾹȻǼˣɢɢˡ۾̾һȻЩȱȱ
ƺ۾æ̽ǲƵĴԪ磬ǵ۾Ҳչˣм˳ġҲ㣬첻úҿҪҳ۾۾
ߺȣǾͱȱ˭񣬳ɾ顣ߵ
ʱˡ

޾ǿ֮Уǵıչ֮ء
Ѿ￪ٽĵʮͷˣ˿¯缴תΪһĽ硣


1280 ϵ
¯֮ڣĿռѾޱȡ
¯һ̨ƵģϵΪṩݽߡ
оʱڵˡ
ʱǵޱأԺ֮е֮ת
ٻٻ汾ԴĽ١
漴֮ϣ෨۵Ƭ׷֮Ƿ貵Ĺâ
䣡
紥ʲôԲǷ汾Դķֳ֮
գһʱ֮ɫ
ǿ֪ʱѵ߶֮γһͨͨ¯汾Դ
汾Դ֮ӿ¯֮С
ƺҲܵʲô¯ȻʼƴЩ淨ԼЩԴ
Ҫ֪ԭʼķεİء˭ȫЩ˭ס
Щڱ¯֮еһ˲䣬ȻֻǱһ˿һ˿汾ԴʾӵŲ˼֮ܡ
ˡ
ǿԼ¯֮еֱ仯Ｄ
Եĸо汾Դ֮¯ӡЩų¯ĴԪ磬˿Ҳܱ¯¯ѾԲϵشмȡ
һԪԪ
ʮԪЩԪΪṩȻյ֮͡
ˣ¯ٴαչѾʮĴС
Ӿ˵ǣ¯֮Уһ˿صĻ棬ֻ޷ݣûɫû¶ȣû壬ȴκεĶһɰ˿涼ܹԭʼ
˿棬¯汾Դ
Ȼ˿滹Сǲò˵Ѿӵܡ
˵ģ¯֮ڵл涼תΪֻ棬ʱܰһתΪʲôȫǰ˹̹ʽӦáܣĿǰûκչ˵Ҳһַһһ߷
ֻ汾Դȼնɣ֮еǿ棬ͳ֮ΪԴ֮ɡǵȻҲֻһ˿Դ֮𣬵ھһ֣Ժа취׳Դ֮
ʮ֮ǿٴλָƽ
Ҳ˿汾Դٵķ˭Ҳ֪ʲôֻΪʲô
ڵǣ
ѾӦķ򣬳Ϊĵ۾
ǵΪѾȫƣΪĽ磬ķѾﵽһ档
ô˵أȻǽǽһ׶ףѾûκε壬ΪѾ޷־绮ˡ
ΨһԿ϶ǣǻǽΪû
һڵĵطȫŤһ֮ڣⲻŲƣȫһֶԿռӦá
ѧԺ֮С
ǰѧԺһ£Ȼ΢΢üͷ
ǵ۾硣һϤ𣬴ǵͨѶ档
áһǲµ۾
ҵ飬С
ǵ۾ˡµ۾ӭȥɫƺǺܺá
ҾȻˡǿ˿ϵʯĵ۾ħǵ۾۾۾۾۾۶ˡ
ΨһȱǷƺ۾
磬׳ʲô飬˵˰ɡµ۾ʱλʱֳһӣǷǿڵӣ϶һ˺ۣ˴Ŀģ۵ʶ嶼Ҫʱɢһ㡣
˿̧ͷˡ
磬㡭۾嶼һ
ǶҪ˵˵˻۾΢Ŀ˵һǵҺƺ۾ȥǸƵĴԪôȫһ塣ܵ߸ҵĵ۾ΧӴϵ۾ӴϵĲؽ۾͈۾ĸȫϵڴϵĵ۾
ʲô
⻰ڣ˶ǳ֮ɫ
ϵڵһϵϵĵ۾ˣʲô
ôµ۾૵ϵѣϵѰ
ۣʱ³һѪӰӳ䵽ı֡
磬ôˣ۾ʱҲƲסȥס˷Ȼֻ֪Ƿʶ壬ģȥ㣬Ͼȥ㡣


1281 䣿
ʱĿŻ۾ҡҡͷҪˣǾȲҵġ
۾˵ʲôȴǱס촽
ʱǽ˵Ȼ߸۾ΧɱңӣҲסġֻû뵽ڹؼʱƺ۾ңϵ
ôܣµ۾סƺ۾ϵϵĵ۾Ϊϵô๱ףôܱϵ
Ҳš
ǶЩ㵣Ǹʵһƺ۾ôᱳѡ
ĸáҴ²µΪʲôӦŵƺ۾ʲôռϵϵȫ׼ˣƺ۾ΪͻƼ硣һϣླƺ۾ôһ˿ϣٻߡˣ²Щûõˡ
ҡҡͷЩѾ塣
ƺ۾ѣڹؼʱ͵Ϯңشƺ۾е㵹˵ʵǸͼָһƵĴԪ磬Ԫ־ûг˯Щ˵޽Լұ뵽ƵĴԪʵָȻʱӿˣҲƵĴԪᱻҵġ˵ʱ֪ԼǱˡ
ʵϣԪ粻ǲƵģǴԪ־ȫƿ磬ҲͱԪ־֣ﻹлᴫЩϢ
ǲҪˣҲȲҵġϵҪˣΣҶϣסϵ
˵źȻɫһ䣺ұˣǴԪ־ҵˡ
磡
Ϊʲô
ϵϵô죿
һȺ˶ɫ䣬ʱǷӰѾʧˡ
ǿ˿ͨѶ֮УϵķѾʾΪ״̬Ҳõġ

۾˳ɫŭ
Ƿûиλã۾ȥȶҲط
ˡ
µ۾ڣ֪ϵϵʱϵ޷赲
Щ۾ʱֻһ
ϵ飬ߡǣͨҲӺƽ١
ϵӭʷǰΣʲô⡣µ۾ڵȫĬʧȥ˷ǾʧȥĹǣʱҲûãΪûǸʵ
ȸԻȥɣʱϵµ۾̾һ֪Ҳûʲôá
һĵ۾뿪ˣתֻʣǺͲµ۾
ʱ˿µ۾ʵǲƴԪλã֪ô
µ۾ҡͷҲ֪Ҳûаҡ
ǵ˵ͷʲôʱϵҲδô⡣
µ۾һתǿЦȫǰ⻰οˡ

֮ǺȻյһϢ
۾¾ľĻңǧˣѪȾľĹ
ԭֻһ˭ľĻҶƺ۾ĺ
۾ڷйѾȫɥʧǡ
üͷȻ֪۾ܷŭɱ¾Ҳ̫ˡ
ҿ۾ӣһֵͣ˼ûУҪ֪ƺ۾йϵв٣ټ͹˾Ҳƺ۾йϵɱȥƻҪȥˣϰˡ
У֪Ҫɱ٣ܿܵϵĻ̻̣ؼʱڡ
̿Ż۾ȥӰһ뿪ѧԺ
֮Уǿ˻۾
ڻ۾ǰһƺ۾һҩ˾УסĶ˾ˡ
۾
۾ǵʲô

ϣ˹ģϣ۾ͣ֡
ƺ۾ҲҪɱЩƺ۾йϵˣһֱɱƺǼһ۾ŭ׵Ϊ߶ֱӾҪݻٵе
ְͣɣ۾ǵȻ̽ȥһֻ֣ס˻۾ûκ壬˼޹֮ˣħˡ
ǵ۾Ҫң۾̲סŭǶƺ۾ˣ
ħˡٴǿ
ãǰɣǾͿܲܵסңǽֵʱҿûʹȫ۾ߵ͵شһȭֻ糯ֹЩ羹Ȼȫ̺һ֮֮һγһֲֿĽ
ֻȰץˣ˵ǵ֮תȫʧˣմã㣡
ͺһȻ汾Դ۳һƣ˺˲þ硣
ȻһգͰѻ۾
ôסң
۾һȻȫ޷ѣϺһ汾Դ֮γɵļһ㡣


1282 Ϸϵ
ҡҡͷҸͣҲʱȸ߰ɡ
ϵҪңҲ뿴Ż۾Ϲ֡
۾˵ʲô͸оʱձ任Ȼһص
ǵ
ǰѧԺԺҲɽڵء
ǴŻ۾䵽ɽ͸ɽɽ֮أţʲôǰɽʯȻ仯ۿɼģһµԺ䣬ԺһСӣɽϲϵˮл˳µࡣ
ʱסɡ
˵ţҪ뿪
۾оϵʧˣʱȴȵ㵽ʲôˣǰߣҺžͻ뿪
ԡ
ͷҲأڣѾˡ
۾ŭޱȣҪȥʱȴһεԺ䣬֮֮ȫˡȻһ˿һˣ벻κ߳СԺǿֻзԲʮƽ׵СԺһСʱȻС
۾ˣ˲ŵɫ
ֱֲ̫ˣ־Ϳסһ׵ĵ۾Ǿͨ񷷨ķ
ѵǱȷҪǿ
۾Ѿˡ
ڶ죬СԺ֮һˣѧԺʦĦǡ
ѧԺʦķΣŻ۾Ժ˵ĲѾħ㻯⡣νħ̰ִ֮ĸ룬ħʵҲѣЩ룬عҼɡĿǰЧķǽҽĿģȻԺҲÿ춼ֱȫ˷ħˣҪǡվʽʼ
۾һ±ƣ⵽ڸʲô

վʲô
ĦǲϵؽȻоһصڳˢָ꣬оΪŶ䣬ʶܱһ

硣
µ۾ޱȣ۾ʧˣѵѾˣ
λ۾Ҳһ
ֻʱǻ۾Ϊ飬Ĺȣڵɢģǲõġ
˶Ȼɶʱ۾Ҫȥɢˡ
ʱʩչһʾ۾ڵСԺ棬һڵ۾СԺ֮оĻ۾˼֡
ǲ˵ʲôֵû£ҾȻȥˡ
λ۾һۿ˳磬һꡣ
ͬʱ֮ͬС
ϵڵϵҲӴϵӴϵºӴϵӴϵ巺Ӵϵʮλ۾Լƺ۾һ̸ʲô
ǵôˣӴϵ۾ѯʡ
ҵѾ˴롣Ӵϵķŵ۾ȿڵ˵Щ£߸˼ƺ۾ͻȻ͵ϮȴˣºӴϵ׹۾ǲûºӴϵһ۾ȻºӴϵƶҪ군
ҲõĲˣֻ˻һԴڼףϧˡӴϵĲؽ۾̾һջɱ˷Ҳֵˡ
׹۾ˣºӴϵһ˵һϵôְɡºӴϵķ۾ºӴϵһ۾ܲáҲȡ档
á۾ЦЦ棬ǰ˵ģϵӴϵӴϵϽӴϵºӴϵ巺Ӵϵ֣Ҷûɣ
û⣬ǰ̸õġ
Ҳû⡣
λ۾׷׿ڡ
۾˶ûжԴ飬ξϵ黮֣ϵռһɰ룬ʣµɹƺ۾
ʱ򶼿˿ƺ۾һﱳϵؼʱ͵ϮȻΪϵ顣
ҪЩʲô׼ʲôΰĴڣֱūۡ
ǰڣ϶ˣҲѹᱳѷЩˡ
ϵʣµļλ۾ˣҲ֪һλ۾һ⣬ɱһλ۾ջǾ޴ġ۾󵽡

ô֣ѵ˭ɱ˭ģ
û˷Щ۾ֱһ
ºӴϵγǵ۾۵вƸǴϵҪ󲻹ְɡ
ħǵ۾ǹӴϵˡ

ܿ죬һȺ˾Ͱеϵ۾ֺˣȫǰϵĵ۾֮


1283 
˰ϵĵ۾Ϸϣⳡʢǽ
û⣬ǾͿԼһʱ䶯ˡ۾Цеģܲγ䲻һٳ˷ȻϵˣӴϵܸ׳ü֡
ºӴϵû⡣
ǹӴϵҲû⡣
ǻӴϵҲû⡣
ǹ巺ӴϵҲû⡣
ĸϵǿߣ׷׿ڣѾȲˡ
ÿϵԳλ۾Ҫ֪ϵڿǻоλ۾ء۾ʵ
ºӴϵԳλ۾
ǹӴϵԳλ۾
ǻӴϵԳλ۾
ǹ巺ӴϵԳλ۾
۾˵ͷӴϵҲλ۾ʮλ۾ʮþˡҵʱбʣҲԼӸԵĴϵ۾ϵмзô꣬Ҫˡ
λ۾һϲ
ֻʱ򣬹ӴϵĈ۾ȻڵһһʣǷô
ʱ򲻵۾ڣһֱû˵ƺ۾ЦԪ־ֵΣ㲻û˵ǴԪ־ǴЭ飬Ҳǿ߻ָŹԣ϶ĲˣȻշĸԣ͸ˡ
ǷѾˡ۾϶ޱȵ˵ۿԪ־ѷˣҲˡ
ǸƴԪĴԪ־ŹôζĶ
ǺǴԪ־Э飬ǴԪ־ܰǸһˡ
ǾͿʼƻɣ
һºô
û⡣
ʮλ۾˵ţ׷˳硣
뿪ƺ۾ûע⵽ǸֵһĨЦ˶Ϊˣ˭֪ļƻжôֲǳɹпܽ࣬øƾõһеֵõġԣǷôϵôʲô
࣬ǲ׷
˶Ϊųܣ˭֪Ĳ֡

һµʱ䣬ת۹ȥ
ϵĿռ䣬ȻޱǿޱȵϢϵ
֪һеֻЩ۾мǣЩϢĽ٣ǲ֪һеϵ飬˿Ҳ֪ˡ
ˣˡµ۾գ̾һϵҪôû뵽ô졣Ѿϵһɡ
󣬲µ۾뵽ʲô
ͨѶѶǵˣǸɣ֣Ѿ졣
ľϵǻٵôҲġ۾ŭ˵ϵĵ۾ҲҪϵ
սսȫ׻֮С
Ƕˣˡ۾ߵǲ漣ˣϵҿɲ롣ߣҪ뿪ϵ
ϵ֮У֪֮󣬶Ƿŭޱȡ
ȴ޿κΣԵ۾Ƕ̫Сˡ
һʱ䣬ϵ飬оΣһźϵ
ϵĩգľˡ

֮С
ǵȻۣºӴϵĵ۾ȥˣǿһŽ߽׵Ϊ
һš
൱ڸһԪǵô֮еġ
˼һ£ȫ㲻۵Ϊ壬ҵبһЩ򣬿һ֡
ǵԼСģҪϵЩ۾˲ˣĲоȻصѧԺǽ벻ѧԺġ
Ӧһ˵ʲôԼͦŵġ
ˣѧԺ
λ۾һ֣ǵ۾ˡ
ʵõλһ˾͹ˣҪ֪Ž˽۷Ϊϵǰķ
۾վǰ棬˿̺ǵȻ
ϵЩ۾ʵ֪ĺǵ۾Ҳֻн׵ΪĶ֡
ıһУոʱˡ
ʱ羪һǵ۾ϵĩյˣ㻹
۾ĻλºӴϵļλ۾ͬ




಻˷쳹õ鶼ǲ
ɾʱڷ۾ǰǧ֪֮ʲôʱһӰ
Ҿ⡣
ǵ÷۾˶̲סһ


1284 Ƕ
ǾȻûзʲôʱֵģôܡ
һǸո̫˷ˣʧȥ˾裬Ϊ
ܺãһΪҪͷڹء۾ߵʮλ۾ͬʱϵ۾ʵľλϵˡ
һ۾ϵѾ޷ֵ
ολ
ǻֲ̿ѣѵϵҪ
ģ˶ǲġ
۾Աߵλ۾ǳ˰Ȼ֮ɫһʢ磬ʤߡ
˵ˡ
ɫ˿仯ƺһжѾ޷Ӱ쵽ûĻǿԶˡ
۾⻰ŭѡ
λ۾Χ㣬㲻Ӧûֲ̿ôȻ
֣
۾ʱϵ
λ۾ͬʱɱǣ֮סǣռ䱻ȫ
ɣ
һ׵ĵ۾һֻ־
ϵˣѧԺҲˡ
ţɫ
ǵǵĹ䵽ϵʱȴǷǵӰ粣һ˿
˵ɫһ䣬¶˲˼ɫ
ã
۾һ̧ͷȥ֪ʲôʱǾȻѾǵͷȻһֻ̽һץֻôһֻƣ·ǴŵĲһУգ߸ֻءһ֮£ȻԴĸоɪɪ
ˢһ£һץ
ƴشԼıԴԼ֮ȴס
һ
ձһץһ飬ƬĿռŨһ顣
һλ׺һλ߽׵ĵ۾ץ˾Ƭ¯֮УΪ
۾ʣµλ۾Ƕ㿪ʮ֮Զ϶¶˻ֲ̿ɫǰһĻôܡ
ף
ǺȻһ¯ٵİ۾һжϢ֪
ؼǣڵԴ֮λ۾Ľ֮󣬾Ȼ׳ʮ֮һֱ֮ϲ
ոôܣһλºӴϵĵ۾˿֣̾ǽ׵ΪԲǡ
۾Ҳɫѿ֣ŭѣǱƭˣȻʵ
һλ۾Ҳǳ˺Ȼ֮ɫʵԲڷǾȻѿеһʯͷ
ˣ˿ҲĿɿڴ
ЩߺǣǿǿսḶֻ́һУǾȻɱºӴϵ۾Ƕǿս߸ϵĵ۾ȴ߹һ㣬ɱ
ȣ۾ȣɱǵ۾Ǽλ˽׵ĵ۾ֲС۾ʱ뵽ʲôٵ˵Ȼϵļλ۾Ϣ
ʲôǸǵ۾ȻɱºӴϵ۾۾ȻȡߣʱᣬÿԳûһºӴϵʵϾȹϷϵ֮ǿɾǵˡ
ûǸǵ۾һôڿջʱ򣬵ɱħǵ۾ȥ֧Ԯǡôʱ䶼֧ŲˣºӴϵҲˡ
ϵˣͬ뷨
۾Ѿ֪ĸϵ۾뷨ʱȫ顣
ڣһڵġ
۾޺޵ʱȴǺȻĶٴγˡ
ȭͷȥȻȭͬǵȭת¯ÿʱÿ̶ڼһС
ɲǼ䣬췭ظǳΪ֮
һȭһȭ֮£һ߽׵ĵ۾һȭӣ궼Ǹˡ

۾ֲ̿ѣס֣ھ˳ϵ˳ε飬ºӴϵˡ
۾ˣ˽׵ΪȻȫѹơ
ķ֮ٶȲǣ۹ǲ磬ȥֱǱɡ
۾ģ˶ǲš
˽׵ķ۾Ȼˡ
ˣǶ
Į˵Ȼһ޴Żһ޵Ĵ죬Żبܻب֮šب֮ųֵ˲䣬Ǿ͵õʮλļӳɣĴԪ֮ӿ뵽壬һڲ
ʲô
۾ѣͨŻȻʮ޴ĴԪ硣
һºӴϵĵ۾˿Ѿңһ¾ܶȥٺսȥ
ǰ̫ˣǵ۾һλںϵĲ顣


1285 ǧҪϵ
۾˿Ҳͬĸоʧˣֱ̫ʧˡ
ǿôڷ۾ԶԶǿ˸޷ȡ
ʱ˵ʲôٴһץ˳ȥֱ˺ѿռ䣬еһжǻΪ˷飬ǺǱץ롣
ǸߵĽ߽׵۾ֻоһֳֻ̽ƻǺԶǺȻ͵
͵һץҲˣȻһľƬ
۾Ҳһ¶˼䲻ĵɫԼغ֮ɫһץ֮ȫΪС
ˣºӴϵĵ۾ˡ
ͬʱºӴϵ֮е׹۾͵һյ˷۾մѶ
ҪǧҪϵ
ͨѶ֮еķ۾˵⻰ʱ򣬳˿־壬͸ռ䣬˸ܵ
׹۾ǸΧɱ˵ĵ۾ͬǽ˽۷Ϊ˿Ѿɫ԰ף巢
ˣ۾ˡ
ϵİλºӴϵĵ۾Ҳȫϵϡ
һ֪϶ǳ˴£תôһ˿Ľңˣ޷жǲҲҪˡ
ϵ׷ʲô
Ĺһ̶Ǵ𾪵״̬
ڵλ۾ȻˣȫǶʼϲ
ߡǲԼͬĿգǸӰ̫ǿˣǿĲһ㡣
ǿڣϵôܻḲ
һУʶƺƵķȥȻĽǺĪʶ֮£һжΡȷҲûκصĵ۾ų׷ġ

Ǳôˣǵ۵Ժ֮
ԺѾסˣٻһʱ䣬һɱǡԺ˵
УǱ߾ͽԼˡǵ˵ţȥæģڿûҪˡ
ԺǱأ۳˼һ£ʵ
һ۾ѾȫɱˡȻǱѾûκ⣬Ҿȥˡ赭д˵ţЩĪ֪˵۾ʲô˼϶ΧҪǿĵ۾ֻΧ۾ţȴѾΪˣǵʵ֪Ҫ١
ʱǵͨѶ
ҪΪϵˣλͣǸϤǺ۾ģ˵⻰ʱԵĿԸоϢѾޱ
϶ͷ
ѶѶϢ۾˿̶ǳ˱ˡ
ϵĩգЩ۾ܶ
ǻ֪ȥ֧Ԯ˭Ŀֻ꣬һȥǧľһ֮䣬һɫĴ󺣡
ǳ溣ҲǺ۾ľ
˿̵Ĵ֮ϣһӰѾҡҡ׹ӰǰȻλ۾һλ۾ΪǺͺ۾൱
۾֧ŵڣѾܾˡ
С磬ѾȼմҲΪ˱壬ǾȻһͷǿޣ˿ǺɫƬѾ룬Ѫۡ
ڲԶһӰƮڴ֮УǺȻǳ
ҲһͷǿޣǰȻҲλ۾λ۾Ϊһ㣬ǶԸոսĵ۾ȫǴ´ˡ
Ѿȫûı˸˳
ĸƺǹⲻɱһķʬȴѪȾ˺ˮ
ģܲģô޼¡
ͲҪɱˣҪūΪҵһ۾Ŀڣź۾ȻǻӴϵķŵ۾
Ժ֮УѾѶϢ
ŵ۾Ӵϵһˣ˽۷ΪƷͻ淨һεĻ֮һֻ֮
ȥɣҲᱻūۡѾȼյˣﻹȼ꣡۾Ц˵ȼ꣬ʵɱ
·㲻ߣǷˡŵ۾ߵȻˣɱҲƤҩͱ
ǣŴ磡λ۾Ӧͬʱ֡
ɣ۾һһƬĵط˲ᣬһжҪˡ
ȥɣ
һѱĳ˺۾Ҫ׸ն
ǾʱһӰĳ˺۾ǰӰ̽һֳֻųһץ
꣡
һױԴ̼˼ء
˶ʱһ¶˲ŵɫǿһױԴȻһץץˣôܡ


1286 쳹ϵ
ʱ˲ԾĿ˵ǸӰ
ǵ۾
ǣ
ô
˶ɵˡ
ŵ۾ɫѿޱȣºӴϵЩڸʲô
ԼºӴϵΧɱǺλ۾ô
۾ҲĿɿڴͬǼ˹һ
ǿɲЩ˿һָΪָǰλ۾նɱȥ
λ۾ҲŽ۷Ϊ˿̲ɷ˵ľǳźȥٶȺܿ죬⽣ָĽ϶ܻȻ䣬ԼȫˣһסȻɲǼ䣬Ľ壬ͽ̼䱻ٵ
Ҳ֮˻Ϊһࡣ
˺˵һĻ÷ŵ۾һɫ鴤
۾󣬻оһ
ʱ򵭵˵Եȣˡ
۾˵ʲôǿŵı飬Ȼʹĵ˵ͷ
ʱǳųһץĸϷŰλ۾ŵĻæӴܡ
꣡
ձ飬һץ֮£ֱ׵ĵ۾ΪѲǸץ˾Ƭ
˲䣬۾
棡
һ˶ˣǿ־塣
ʱûæٴλɱˣ˳ưѳ

ű˳ǵĳ߲ѡ
۾˵ûУ˵ڻҲˡ
չ˺ȥԸˡ
˵ţʩչһƣ˱
ת˷ŵ۾絶
ŵ۾̲ס˼ʵǸǵ۾
ףȻԼ˷˹
ֻȭ֮жȭӰÿһȭӰĪܣ˺ѿռ䣬ʱա
ŵ۾ʧɫʵô鱨˵Ľףǽ˽׳ϡ
䣡
ŵ۾ӭȥ֮ڶγһ泤ӣϯǡ
ȭǰǻ泤̼ͱ顣
޷ֵ
ܱߵļˣĶĿɿڴ
۾ɵˣǵʵȻ֮ǿ
ƷַǺо塣
ǵŻ泤ӱ֮󣬴һץץĺɫεƷ֮Ȼ˳
һĻ÷ŵ۾̿֡
ҲʱͨѶ洫׹۾ţǵĽãҵ׷ʲôΪʲôºӴϵİλ۾ˣˡ
ʲô
ŵ۾⻰ֱһ򣬲ûˤ
֮ǰ۾ȹΪ⣬Ϣ֪鵽жء
Ҫ֪ǿǰλ۾
ӷ۾ϢŶ೤ʱ䡣
󣬷۾ȻߵĻᶼûУ˺εȿֲĴڡ
᲻ǰλ
һ̣ŵ۾̲סĵ׷
пܣ̫󣬲Ȼôпչ
ٿǣѾƷ֮塣
Ȼ߶¯һɿֲʮСͬʱ
ϵ֮̽ͳŷŵ۾ץȥ
ͬʱϣֳԶõӰۡһ㡣
ŵ۾ŵĿһĻǵ۾ӵеô
ɲǼ䣬ŵ۾֪Լ²ˣǰɱ˷۾
뿪ϵӣ
ŵ۾ʱһӴܡ
۾ɱˣʵҲͺͷ۾൱ǵĶ֡
Ӵϵλ۾Ҳʶʲôܱӡ
ʱüͷЩ˳ŲͬķӴܣҲȫɱ
ϵֻ֮ǼץȥһӴϵĽ׵۾һץץ˾Ƭ
ŵ۾ͷһĻŵɫס
ʱǲûѡȥ׷Щܵĵ۾ԺлˣؼЩϵĵ۾
˼Ƭ̣֮ȻתһſŵķƬҫ۵Ĺâٴιͨص汾Դ򣬶ͨ޴ڵ汾Դʶ˲ϵ
һ˲䣬ϵס
ϵĵ۾ϵȻ
صϵе鶼̲סһ¶𾪵ɫ
Ӵϵ巺ӴϵӴϵ
һĵ۾ͣ
ôܣ۾ɫ΢䣬ܹо̺֮ķ֮Ǽֱ纣ȫ֮ϡĵ۾ҲǲضãѾɪɪ
ºӴϵİλ۾ȫˡʱһ۾𣬳š
ʲô
ãӴϵҲλ۾ŵ۾
ʲôˣʲôˣ
۾ɲʱһصĸ֮УǾȻоԼԪʼţеķεЩϵĵ۾ߡߣͨȴǸо棬ϵӿ壬ľˣ
ǣ衣
ĵʮؾ硣


1287 ʧ
۾˿̽ҧأ֪ȫԤơ
ߣ뿪ϵ
һͷӴܡ
ͬһʱ䣬巺Ӵϵ͹Ӵϵĵ۾Ҳڷӿ
ϵ֮УǸоʲôǷ˷ܵغǼ磬ڽͷš
ϵסˣסˡ
ǿһӴܵӰû׷ȥ
ҪػϵЩϵĵ۾ԺȻлˡ
ôˣ
۾Σ˲ǵѪ
һǣ˾⣬ԭϵǿǰˡ
ƾû뵽ɡ
ˡ
̾һȻ˿۾ͳ̫أھһ߶пҪǵȻܰ
Ǻ߰ɣ
˵ţͬͬ⣬һˣ˾˵
ɽ
֮ǰγһԺ䣬۾ŲԶ
ڴȥ۾
ãõġ
۾еĵ˵ͷȻԾİǵĻһ
ͬʱϵ֮⡣
ŵ۾۾ؽ۾۾ǧǵ۾˾һ飬˿Щ۾ء
̫ǿˣ̫ǿˡŵ۾ţԺ֮лڲϵǵһץֱڣû뵽κεƽ֮
ô£˵ؽ۾ߵ۾Ҳǽޱȡ
ѧԺλԺʵ̫ǿˣºӴϵķ۾ɱˣǻӴϵλ۾ҲܵĿ죬ҲҪɱˡ̫ǿˣҸоʵǽŽףѾﵽ˰벽ࡣŵ۾ʱ򻺻˵Ĳ²⣬ȴŵ巢
벽ࣿ
ôܣϵôôǿĴڣ½ĵ۾ô
½۾Ǻǣ˭½ĵ۾Ǿɵˡ
һȺ˴˿̶ĵױ
ˣǺڲѣǰ벽࣬Ǽһ𣬿϶Ƕ֡
ҿĴ˲ླ磬ܸӦҲӦֻǽŽףٻߣҲǽ˽׶ѣȴĳһȷѡ۾²һǶǵĶ֡
ô죬ȥǧǵ۾ѯʵûǣԲôη塣ֻǹĸЩëǸһֱֱͣҪ
˭˭أҾԲȥŵ۾һʱѿڶֻػӴϵھͻȥѾϵΧˣоȫС
ԣ̫ˣǻӴϵĵ۾Բٻϵ
Բܻȥ
ϵǸڣǲܵóѵġ
Ӵϵ⼸Ƶĵ۾ҲǷ׷׿ڡ
ߣߡŵ۾ʱҲϻͷ뿪ˣӴϵ۾Ѹٸȥ
ŻӴϵ뿪ʣµĵ۾Ĭˡ
۾ˣŵ۾ˣĻٻȥô
ɢ˰ɣȲǵ۾ĵϸ˵۾ȭͷǼĲʣòϣȫɥʧ˶־޷һս
Ǹǵ۾ѾΪǵجΡ
ʮλ۾ڶת۾Ǳɢȥ
ϵ֮С
ҵ˲µ۾һֱֻ۱նˣ类ˣΪȫϡ
ԺָҲǧѡ
ӮˣӮˣϵסˡµ۾ʱﲻϵţ͡
ţϵסˡǵ˵ͷ΢΢̾
ʯĵ۾սˡ
֪ǺģʱɱһӴϵĽĽ׵ĵ۾
ħǵ۾ž޼ˣϵϡ
۾Ҳˡ
Ҷ֪ͷѡϵ
ǻشЩոѾ֪ˡ
ϸ㣬ϵʮһλ۾ۣľλ˰㣬ƺ۾ϵµ۾Ϊȫϣ۾ħ۾ħǵ۾ؼʱ뿪
ϵʧء
߰ɣ
Ǿµ۾Ҳ͵˵ɽ
ȥʯĵ۾ĵطʬѾҲˡʯĵ۾Ա˽磬˶ǻӡ
۳һĹȻʯĵ۾һЩƷȫС
æһУǵϳһĨɱ⡣
ƺ۾
һ۾ϵʱϵͽ
һеɶΪϵưϵҲô챻֡
ɱô۾Ҳ쵽ƺ۾һЩܣһԲǱϵô򵥡


1288 Ԫ֮
ӰһǾͳƺ۾뿪ķ׷ȥ
Ų֮£ת۾ǼʮȥѾ뿪ϵķΧ
޵Ŀռǿնϲ㣬ݣҽ﷭š
һڣһԪڡ
ĴԪ磬ʵǷյĿռ䣬һǲ䷨޷ȥǰԪ磬ǱʲôһȱڣԲͨͨҲǼأƺ۾һ·ˣҲ޷ҵ
ƺ۾һô
ǵͨһصĲ˴Ԫ磬ͨĴҲܵԪ
Ԫ磬ֱ̫ˣޱ޼ʣԶǽԱȵġ
ȻһֲӴԪֻЩ۳һƣѹȥ
ʱռ飬
һʩչǿԶõӰֳ֮ͬʱ쳹ʥҫȥһдڵģһ޵ģȫٹ֮£Σ޿ɵֵҲһ̼ǻΪޡ
ʱһӰ˳ƺ۾
ȻԪˡ
һ˲Ϳƺ۾Ԫϵ
ͷβһ۲۵塣
ƺ۾ʱɫԵʮͼı˽һԪòƴԪ־ȡΪƴԪˡţֻҪָԪܣʱҾܳɾͲࡣֻû뵽ָһȱĴԪȻôѡУҪ׼Ҫں½
˵ƺ۾ҧгݡ
ƺ۾ѴϵȡЩշĸԣ϶ͬ⡣ӱĴϵȡЩҲܵϵ۾ΧϾԪʵҲǽ˽ңʵ
Сļֵڣڰ಻סˡ
ʱ׵óѵĻϵϾϵʵҲϵ֪֪ס
ԣԥİ˷һС
ȵԼĺôҲǰϵɵ׼Ԫָܻ롣
ȻֻҪɵϵһ򣬳ɾͲȫпܡ
ֻ˭֪ؼʱԾǿʵɱô۾ϵЩ۾ֻʶӡǲòߣҲֻǿŲƴԪŸԿ˵ƻһмƻΪ뻯Ϊĭ
ǣ˿Ҳǳ˺ġ
Ϊ˳Ϊ࣬Ƿˡ
ǵ˵ţ˱ġ
ƺ۾Ϊ࣬ϵΪۣϵ鶼ڡ
ͷβƺ۾һ˽ļһ
㶮ʲôʲôϵʲô飬ֻгΪġҺò׵õһᣬֻҪԪָСĴԪҲ˽ࡣһжˣȫˡƺ۾ŭĺ
ҡͷƺ۾Ѿȫ޿ɾҩˡ
ֻԼ˾ǳΪ˲࣬ҲϵĻ
ǣңǿԲϵºӴϵô۾ˣǸʣµ׹۾ˣ϶Ķֻ֡ҪϰңҰԪָ˲ҰϵϵܱǼϵ͸㡣ƺ۾ʱջ
˵Եޱȷ
ˣҲ㣬һҪɱ㡣Цţϵֺ֮Ȼ̽ȥƺ۾ץ˹ȥ
ƺ۾ϵҲĶ֣ƵĴԪΪ޾ǽŽ۷ĵ۾ҵĶ֡Ȼ㲻ңǾȥɣ
ƺ۾߶Ԫ֮гһ޴ӰӰ͵ӭȥ
һ졣
ϵֺ֮Ӱײһ𣬷˾˵λ涼˲
Ǻ˼ӰſռҰڶ
Ԫֲ̫ˣԶԶ̺֮Ԫķ
ӲȻ·硣
ҲǷˣʱһ޴¯磬Ǹ¯֮Уλ潻޾۳˳ӡ
ɱ
ǶȭӰӰӰ˳ȥ鲼ռ䡣
¡¡
ƺ۾Ӱ¶˺Ȼɫֹ಻ķѵֲ治֪ʩչġ
һƺ۾ǰһӨıݡ
еĹ֮ϣǴԪ֮ڣһԪǿ


1289 ת
ǵĹ棬ǴԪݲһѵ
ƺ۾ֹ֣Դﵽ˽Ž۷壬ֲ۾ܱɱ
ڴԪ֮۴Ԫݲʲô¡
ۿɼģĴԪ֮ٴ۳µĴԪݡ
ǵĹȫɢȥԪѾʮΣƺ۾ҲǺ
ԪȻֲִԪݾͲһ۾ƿġţĹǲǿһӻԪʲôԪݶЦǶڵ⼸Ѿ˼ޣʲôȼϸֶΣǰԣѾȫʩչˡ
ǳ֮ʶĻģ͡
ȼϸһݣƽⶼᱻƵȼϸģʽȫֹʣ
ܹ黹Ҫһµġ
ʱһب֮ţʮԪע뵽塣
ʶ֮е֮ҲǷٵת
ʱͨص汾ԴеһȭԪǺ˹ȥ
ձ飬̼仯ΪɻңռγһںХ
ƺ۾֣Գ˽Ž۷
Ȱ벽ࡣ
ʱǰһĴԪ֮۳һٲ㣬һǧ㣬ֱһ㣬γһǽ
꣡
޴ȭͷ棬һĴԪ֮鿪γڹһ·
ǣյȭͷľȻûƿ⾧ϵɵǽ塣
Ʋ
˸Щġ
Ǳߵƺ۾Ǳ˵һĴԪ֮ڣȻһӻ˾ǧ㡣
Ҫ֪һļޣһľϵƣǵĹвԪڲ
ãƺ۾ҡ
װܵӣƺ۾ǿʵ
һҽԪ˵ңڻûжԿһԪǲƵĴԪ硣ҳϣҲκβ㡣
һ뿪Ԫ磬ƺ۾޷ԪȻκβǡ
ڵռƺ۾дԪΪȫǴһǣǸûޡ
֪ƺ۾˵ʵ
˼һ£Ц˲㣬һֱȥһǧ꣬һ꣬ʮȥԪĻᱻĵò䡣ʱԪѻָҲԶΪˡ
ƺ۾ʱһ
֪˵Ǽ٣һֱȥ˵ʮ꣬һ꣬ܲˡ
ҪָԪ磬ųΪ࣬ǺĲ
ƺ۾ɫˡ
סߡ
㵽ʲôô꣬Ҳܺĵ𡣡ƺ۾ҧгݣѾЩ˼ˣûкô
ģҲĲ
ǵһв
ʱ򣬿ʱ죬ǻ˵öԣҵȷҲĲ𡣼ȻˣҲٷϻʲô˽⡣ȻĻҾȥһ꣬ʮꡣ

֣ƺ۾ʱǵͼɫһ䡣
ȻšЦ㽻ǲ
Ѿˣȥｻƺ۾װͿ
ôƭңѡȥˡ˵ţҪӡ
ãӮˡȷѾˣҲʣһűԴƺ۾˵ţӴԪɳһŶǶо˷Ϣ
űԴ֪ƺ۾ûѡ
һԪôãһűԴҲǷʵ˵ãʲôʣˡ
ҡ
汾Դģõ뿪
ƺ۾Ҳɵڵ
ã
Ӧֱӷġ
һʱ䣬ܽΪĲ࣬ɱƺ۾ûҪȥ

ɽ
˻۾СԺˣһűԴӡһЩͶԲ񷷨򡣸ѾǲˣҴѧԺط÷ֱתֻת֮ķͷټ㣬ǰκ飬Բ񷷨ᱣ
۾ǰķԴϤϢ
ܸоǷꡣ
ԲֻЩǱǸУһ÷ת򣬵ʮ֮԰˰нѧԺ


1290 ͽ
۾Ĭˣ۽ʪ
лл
˵Щʲôǧֻʣ֡
䣬׷ô꣬վǻΪӰһֻܼϣˡ
ֻǵô
ǾɣҲˣҾͲжˣʱ뿪򡣡ջס۾ĽƣתҪ뿪
ɾʱ򣬻۾
Щ
ҿԳΪѧԺʦô۾˵
Ϊ˷ǳ
۾û˵±ǿ
ǵ˵ͷŵ۾ΪȫԳΪѧԺʦ
ǺãҪѧԺ
ӭ㡣
Ǹ˻۾һԼ飬΢΢һ̾
Ϊֱ
ǵ߳һĵ۾Ҳ޷⡣

Ͽա
ʶ໳е˼Ҷ֮¡
ͨˣҲߡ
ɸѡһѡһҾһ㣬Ƿ˶Ʒ²˼ҡ
һУǵȴˡ
صѧԺ˰˻۾ȻԼİ칫ҡ
ôһ飬ϵͳȻûзκεЩʼϲ
ϵͳ˯ôʵ
ϵͳҪ˯ϵͳӦûȤĸо

һ֮۾ħǵ۾ˡ
λ۾ڹؼʱϵڵ֪ϵס֮󣬻Ǿء
ˣϵ˶ǺܲܣҪǸϳϵ
޼塣
ףǾôλǵ۾᲻׷ǵΣһ׶࣬˿ЩѾǼϵֱۣǰǵϵˡ
Ҳ֪Ҳˣһ뿪ϵʮϵ˶ǣЩ˿ǰǵ˷򡣡ħǵ۾뿪Ҳ֮٣ڻҲһһжΪ˾޼ĴС
ʱһӰ˾޼֮С
ۣħǵ۾һȻûзôģ¶ϢȻԶԶǿ
ħǵ۾ֻ۵˵ͷǳ飬ǲôħǵ۾ħǵ۾ϾϵԼΪ۾ΣҲò
˵ɣеĳͷǾ޼嶼Ըеħǵ۾˵ʱЩǷ֮ɫ
еô
ϵ֮ڣþ޼Ϊʸ֮ġ
š۵˵ͷνİҪħǵ۾ˣѧԺԺϵػ֮ħǵ۾ӣϵԼΪ۾Σû޼вҵħǵ۾ʮ꣬ʾͽ䡣
ħǵ۾һԥޱȳص³֡
޼Ҳҡ
Ǽ徭ӪôĲҵȫûգ˽ˣ˵ħǵ۾Ҫʮ꣬Ժܡ
ǡ˵꣬Ӱһʧˡ
ףոǸӿ뿪첱ӴֵľҪ˵ʲô
죬֪Ҫ˵ʲôǷûвҵȥʮôʵѾǷ⿪ˣοʮѣܼ֡ҲҪԶ㣬ѧԺôǿԺϵؽ϶߳ƬʱֻҪǾ޼廹ڣλ϶ˮǴߡ˵Ҷ˵õΪĻᡣħǵ۾֪ԼһˣǶϲٴˡ
⻰޼˶̲סм
ģһжԳܡ
۾С硣
۸ûо۾
۾ͻȻ֣ŭҵС磬˭ġ
΢΢ü˴ôţ۾벻ô
һۻһȭ˻Լ۾ϵ۾
ֻ淭۾ŵĻæ㿪
ʱһ۾λϣȻ䲼ʥּһ˵ѧԺԺϵػ֮۾ӣϵԼΪ۾Σûвҵʮ꣬ʾͽ䡣
ʲô۾⻰ˡ
ǲҪôҪôϵԼѡɣһ۾ڻʲô۾ӡ
ڴ֮⡣
ӣ۾Ů޽Ҳɪɪ
˺һ֮۾ɫЩ԰ף֪Լʱ׹ȥˡ
ԺϵҵѧԺǡ
ҡ۾֪ô˵ֵģҪϵıӣ뿪ȫˡ
һ²ҵȥɡ˵ţ߳վŵļˣ뿪ˣôǿơ


1291 ʮ
ʱôһĹȥ
ħǵ۾۾ʵʵȥϵΪϵĳפ۾
ӴϵӴϵϵҲѵõĳ˿Ķ
Ȼǲȥǵ鷳Ͳˡ
һս֮ʧصºӴϵͻӴϵǲǶ֣ܱߵĴϵҲǰǵһ⣬ʼϵ̽ǣѹǡԵǣºӴϵͻӴϵ֮еֹ̽ͣˣɽȥ˶ˣǰϵ
ȴѡϵ
һԭµ˼ɡ
תۣѾʮȥǸתķҲѾ׳󣬶ѾС
̳˷Բ񷷨򣬶ڿռǿĸ֪ռйصѧӦ֮
֣һ·衣
˿̵ĳ¼֮Уһڳŷ˵ʲô
֣Ҳϸˣȥμϼģһȵ·룬˵ڶԪΪѧԺҲǰеģпܱ¼ϡ
ôǽȥɲס˵ĽԱö඼ߣߡͳ˧Ǻպۡ¸Щȣ·ڵǼҾһ㣬·ûеõʲôԴڶԪ磬ѾԳ֮Ϊˡ
СˣԺ˵С軹ܵѧԺͶءĸЦЦʱӺóһ⣬ǳ·ա
СҪܵѧԺͶǾϳ¼ðˣ˭֪ΪѧԺѧеٮٮ߲У˵ﶼһ㲻Ϊ¸ЦʵûⷽΪΪѧԺѧ̫ˡ
ֱڣѧԺжѧ˶ѡ
˿ڣмˡ
ٺ١·ɵɵһЦҲ֪ǸѶ̫󣬲ΪѧԱԺǱֲлѧԺģǰͿһűƸ¼ȡѧԺʱ˾޴ĺ䶯
ĿǰȰΪһĿɡ
ѧԺлȡûлᣬǾˡ
ˣѡĸѾŶ
ţлл衣·˵ţ۾ʼԸǴһĨҸЦݡ
ֻǵ۾ȴǶһŮӡ
Ůӣ·Щ֣λ㣬ɶʱҼҵģҡҺ㡣
۾⻰̲סһ
Ļǵô
ֻǳ·תҡҡͷεҼǴˣӦûм㡣
λС㣬ǣ¸ĸҲЩȣôͻȻͳһˣֵĸо
ġסеļ۾Լò״ȡĻᣬǾǰѳ·нѧԺ
ڵ·ͬѧôҪ֪ͨһġҽѧԺ¼ΪѧԺСѧһ
ʲô·һ¸ĸҲסˣոǻأôôͳˡ
ҵĽʦ֤Ҹ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣۾ó¼ȡ֪ͨʱ򣬳¼˶ɵˡ
¼ȡ֪ͨ飬涼Ƕһݡ
ûܷ졣
ٿ۾Ľʦ֤Ǹü٣滹ѧԺӡ¡
ҲͻȻˣ·ͱѧԺ¼ȡˡ¸૵
ţ·ſֲĿռ츳ѧԺаɡ۾΢΢һЦû⣬·¼ȡ֪ͨǩְɡ
û⣬û⡣
ǩС衣
¸ĸƺȳ·軹Ҫż
·˵ͷ֪Է϶ƭ¼ȡ֪ͨǩԼ֡
·裡۾֣
ʵұ·ģǵǼǻڵû壬ҵǼǳ˳·衣·ͷΪ۾ֺ֡
ֺܺá۾ʱȴ˵ó·趼һ⻹ǵһ˿ֺܺãˣ׼һ£ȥѧԺɡ
õġ·˵ͷҪܾ֮󣬲Ż֪еһС

ʱֹꡣ
Ȼһ棬Ǿ羹Ȼſƣκ˶Խˡ
ǰֻ߲ܽ磬Ҳܡ
һʱ䣬ͨѶϵͳһ¥
ѧԺ֮С
յϢ֮󣬺Ȼһ뷨
ѧԺжûдģˣǻѯʵǳ
Ҫ㣬ֿˡ
ſˣҼǵģʵ֮еΪʵһսᣬһθϵɣ֮Сǵʱٴδϵͳ֧


1292 ϵ
ϵͳѾ쳹ǵԺ֧һϵɣҪޡʮһǼ￨ƣɷ츳Ƭݿ
ܼ򵥣ûκҪ
ǽĶȴܲʮһǼ￨ƣǾλ۾ǿߡ
ɷ츳ƬݿҲǺĶ
깫ʦУͽ顣ǼԼ٣깫Ҳ깫˵ƸѧƸʦǲ飬ӦҲĵӦ֡
깫ǿڲϵܱȵĶࡣ
õģԺӦһ֪ôˡ

ѧԺ֮С
깫ո¿ΣʱҲʼһſΣֽ˵
û뵽ѡ޵ѧܶ࣬ÿζмѧΡ
ڿεĹ̡
ʱһɫֽ׷ɵǰ
ɷֽ״
ѧԺڲܶѧʦַϢġ
ֽ׷ɵ깫ǰڣԺͣѧԺһϵ깫ʦΪ˴鳤ӵϢ֮깫ʦȥȡ˴Ĳϣⶩ
깫סȻޱȡ
ϵǸж𺳣Ϊ˴鳤οҪͷˡ
깫ֽһ񣬿еԺС
ʮ֮
ϵ֮УϿͬʱһϼ⣬ס
˻ûзӦʱֻϼĻ۳˼о޴֣˶Ϊ֮һ
ֵݺȻǣ
ѧԺˡ
ϵ飬Ϊ⾳£ʮ¡
ɱ
޶á
ѧԺ칫ѯ
ѧԺڴļ롣
⼸ֳ֮ϵ鶼Ϊ֮
ѧԺʲôطϵػߣϵǿǵ۾ѧԺ
ѧԺѧϵž޴
ΪѧԺѧԺ˵ô϶ǰ;
磬ѯһϸ
ĳϣ֪˭ߺһзЩ˶Ƿ׷ӿ硣
Ҳһ
֮УϸѧԺϢҲܿ챻֪
ԭ쾳վ⾳ĸֿȣͬһ֮ǰһǧһ־Ž׹ȼƷǰһһְ벽༶ȼƷǰʮһֲ༶ȼƷ
ÿһǰһֱӻñѧԺ¼ʸ񡣡
һ֮ڣҲн
Щ˶м
˵еĲ༶ֻҪһȡǰʮɾܻá
Ҫ֪ڵһЩߣߣǵ۾ûֲεĹ
֮⣬˵ѧԺ¼ʸˡ
˭֪ѧԺԺܻõĺô࣬ˡ
ʣ˭Ķ
˵ȫһĻᣬţ᲻ȡô
һϯϵķ籩ױˡ
뱨
ˣǺԥ
ѧԺ֮С
깫ǻ㱨г˷ܣԺֻ֪ͨǷȥһСʱڱѾһˡ
һˣҪ֪⻹ֻһСʱѡ
ʱ䣬ǳһ꣬ɻأ֪ʱ򻹻ж˱
ԺΪʲôֻ⾳յ羳϶񡣡깫ѯʵ
ѧԺյѧֻᵽ⾳⾳ѾȫûյıҪˡΪѾģʽͣѸġǵ˵ҲϵͳǵģѧԺѧΪܳ⾳
޷¼
¼ȡ֪ͨ飬Ҳ޷ǩ
⾳ˣҲܳΪѧԺʦ
Σһٿɾ͵춨ѧԺϵ֮еĵλԺϵŻѧԺѡġ깫֪ϵ澺ܶҪˡ
澺ؾԺ϶еˡ
ѧԺǿƣϵ֮ڣҪеţҲѧԺΪʲôҪóôĽ
澺ô
϶У˵ģ澺ؾҲͲֲ༶ѣһʲô˶ġ
ʵҲˡ
˿̵澺λؾ֮ǳȹϵϡ
ѧԺĴ˾٣ȫвǵϵĳȻλã澺֮еѧԱ඼͵͵
ԲѧԺôɣȻؾͻᱻϳϵؾ֮˹سоһɾ޴в
ѧԺ˾٣ֱɥĲ


1293 ̹۾
ѧԺóôĺô˭ܱȵϡ
˵ڻǿߣֱǾ޴
֮ҲΡ
ڶؾ֮ɣͬһĳݡ
ôĴϵؾĵطкܶ࣬ô̯ôһѧԺء
ڱĴϵȻҲһЩţ澺ȵĿɲࡣ
ѧԺһڱϵػߣ̫ˡ
ô˵ȥѧԺԺ̸һ¡ֹͣɣȻҲֻﾳΪǱ澺Щġ
澺Ĵ
Ȼϵûе۾򣬿Ĵϵǲȱ۾ġ
֮У澺в֪ٵĲ顣
ֻ˵ǿѹͷߡ
ţҲѧԺȥɡ֮˼һ£ӰЩǷϵ飬۰

깫˿֮ɽ
ڳͺ۾ʵҲˣ֪˲ѡ
֮ѧԺֹͣڵУ϶С깫ҡҡͷʲôЦۿѧԺƻеݱѧԺӰڽôͣ
澺šֱ֮Ե
ʵȷģǿǹƽ㲻Ϊ澺ǸĴͲ˰ɡ깫ЦЦû˵澺ʲôԴС飬Ҳ׼
ǲǻ·֮пԡ
ΪѧԺãЩǸԸѧԺͶǿ澺ܲͬ߱Ǹãϵǣֹ깫ЦЦ֮ܲ
ֻ澺Ҳƶȵģôܸǵṩõ
Ҫ澺ܲŴϵ϶
ʱ澺Ҫ˳ִı
飬ܡ
澺ܲ϶ҲֻϵΪ
֪ˡ֮ε̾һѾȷѧԺߵ˼
ѧԺԺûмֻ깫ЩȻ¶˾ģԲȡ˴ƻġ
Ѿˣʵʵ֪ͨܲɡ
ϵ澺ܲʵϵĺ֮أҲɽ澺
ص澺ؾ֮ɣ˹ؽ硣
ңԶɽģѾյϢ
̹ӴϵǱ߳һЩ飬ϵλؾ֮Ѿˣȥһ¡һϵ𣬶ڲ֪֮⣬һŰһ˪֮صӺȻһ
ֱֱĴ뵽ʶ֮С
ǣʦ̹۾ƺֻ֣Ӧһͽ硣
澺˿̹۾ѿ֮һ䡣
Ǹ޴ޱȣ̻Իͣȼܻ档
ֵǣ治о˿ůɪɪ
ϵλؾ֮Ϊ£̹۾ڣǣҪ۾
֮֮࣬ҵϵ˵һ顣
̹֮۾㵲ѣϵȻһѧԺƵ澺û֮ˣ˼
ȷʵģҪҲѧԺԺǵ۾ʵ̫ǿһɱ˲ٵ۾ػϵѧԺԵĳΪϵػܱȡ֮
ŶΪΣ̹۾治ѡ
֮ʱְϵϵȴɱǱӵ˵һ顣
¼̹۾оһ㡣
˼Ƭ̣̹۾һ˿ĹâֻѾ֪֮ڣһǰϵ
⻰֮һЩ
̹۾Ͱ˸ˡ
ȥʱʵ֮Щģֻȥһ̹۾סѧԺԺô
ôʱ򶼱ѧԺаɡ
һ£λ̹۾ʲôΪ֮Ÿ·Ůʵ
ǲ֪ŮֵȻһˣϵǵطʵ̫Զɽˣ֪̹۾Ҳ֣̹ܵ۾澺ɽµĵӣŽ۷Ϊںˮϵǿޱȣڵ۾֮ж֡
⻰֮˶̲סĵһ
ֱǿûˡ


1294 ʸ
Ž۷壬ͨϵϵǿ飬ʵ޵еġ
֮֮ҲǼޱȡ
̹۾֣һֹѧԺƻ
֮ؾ
ؾĽԱѧԱˣֻΪӭ̹۾ĵ
ǰȻһȹţȻͿһϤӰ˳
ǸӰֵһɲǣֶʵĸоؾĽԱѧԱ
۾
𣬴˷
ʽС
̹۾˵ͷʶ˲ؾȻϵ澺ѧԱĿʲôȷʵϵ˲١ҪҲϵԴƶ񤣬Զ򣬶Ǳҡ
еĴϵλýϺãԣֵǿ߾ͻࡣ
ɽĺĴϵߡ۾ǲÿͻе۾Ϊ飬Ǻ嫵֮С
֮еһЩ򣬸пȲ鼶ĳš
ѧԺλøңҪȥһǸѧԺԺǷд˵еôǿ
ǣ۾
̹֮۾ġ


̹۾ոսԼͱһ־ˣΪȡ
ֹݵһʮ⽻۾ǿ߽ҪȨΪ֡һȻͿ۳һΡӰ
ʥӰ̹۾ͱһ
ʲôȻһ־
ϵĵطȻлε־ҿѾʼΧ򸲸ˡ
ɶʱ־ô׵ˣ̹۾ּ˹ĸо
澺̹۾
Եȡ
ƺʲôҪϵǡ
ɾʱǰȻһӰӰǡ
ѧԺԺ
̹۾ʱ¶𾪵ɫôԶľ룬ô˲ġ
ѵһλͨռ䷨ĵ۾
Ϊ¶Ѿ֪ѧԺΪ棬Ϊϵ棬˴ֹͣذɡǻ˵ţʥ֮ɫ
̹۾üֻޱȡ
һվҪʵ˵ģȴ˵̹۾룬ٸ˵Ļᣬ˫ȭǴ˳ȥֻһֳ˻֮һֳˮ֮һγǺХȥ˺Ǻӣҡǳ
ʵһ֣Ѿ۾ֲοԱȵġ
ǿ΢΢üһֻ̽ȥϵ֮͵һץֳϵһƬռ䶼ץ
ˮ͵ػΪžը
̹۾Ǵ˿̶Ǻʮ̹۾ЩԾȻֻǿθСˡ
ܺãʵȫԺһսˡ
̹۾ƺþûʵĶ֣ٴηɱǡ
ˮֱ֮ӻ۵һ飬γһصһȭǡ
޴ȭͷֲУϯ
ʱҲη壬ƻ̧𣬴ǹ⣬ܱЩǷһص
һһƴ˳ȥ
һ졣
𵴣޴ȥʮ֮Զڰǿͬʱˡ
ǿ
Ǻ̹۾ͬ˵
־һԿĶ΢΢ݣλϵĵ۾Ҳע⵽̲סһ

̹۾ʱٴζһǾǺ֮
ַ֮Ȼȫ
ȴԵĿ̹۾Ĳ㡣
̹۾Ȼַ򣬿ˮַ֮ѾںˣǺȴǲûַ֮ںһ
Ȼ̹۾ʵҪһʱĿֲ
ˮɱ
̹۾Ȼǧͬʱǡ
޾ȭӰӰӰ鲼գ಻γһӣȫסǡ

֮࣬ϳʥϢһɹɢȥͬʱ
䣡
֪ټǹȥ̹۾ͣ
оǵԽԽƺѾ˼ޣһսʤߡ
Ӯˡ
̹۾ϳ˷ܡ
ֻǿȥʱ򣬷ǲûʲôʧɫЩӡ
Ǽ˹
ʱֻǻַܲͨʽѧԺֹͣڵȴǻʸ񡣡
ʲô
̹۾ȻǸͿޱȺ˵һĻ
ֻǰǵӰȻɢȻʧӰˣֻһɫ̷
ѵոգںһͷսô


1295 
̹۾̲סǴһ
־ǼΧ۵ϵ۾ҲǾĪ
ѵѾǿֵزˣֻҪһͷܺͽŽ׵ĵ۾һս
ٹԶѧԺ֮УԼİ칫֮УʱĿ͸ؿռ̹۾
һͷҵ־䲻Ҳɵʵ̹۾ҵͷֳ壬ʵѾͨĽŽ׿Աȵˡ
ţѾһС
Ȼ̹۾Ѿˣȷʵûսʸ
ʦȥһˣһ顣
ǵ𣬴۵Ժ֮С
ӰӰ޼Ѱ
۵˵ͷ뿪ѧԺ磬ٴγֵʱȴǷԼȻѾ˵ıԵ
֪϶ʩչ˿ռתֶΣ͵𾪲ѡ
ΪһУûв
ѧԺʦͳ˧ۣ̩̹۾ۻһǿΪȻѾȽ߽׵ĵ۾
̹۾ۣȻоһ˿в
ʦ
̹۾˵ͷ֮ǰ֡
ʱۼԺ˼ص۾Ѿףǵ۾ҪһУֹѧԺǾѧԺĵˡ
̹۾ܲס
ڶԸֻ۹ȻѾܲˡ
ȻֻƾŸոһͷչֳʵǾѹ
̹۾жǳ˼ɵ
Щɣ֮ĳλǱϵ
Ǵ±Ͼϵ澺棬澺ܾϵš̹۾˼һ£Ŀ˵
ˣѧԺû˵ϵţǾ仰ƽԸѡ񡣡΢΢һЦȫǳ׼̹۾
⡭̹۾ƿˣǰǿرãԸ澺ڳһѧԺǻãǾȻı
ϵԴ
⻹ˣϵʱ򻹲ַ졣
˵ʲôƽȫվ˵ۡ
֮ôĴϵϵҲֹɡ룬ƺ̹۾Ϊѡ
ȷʵһЩϵ̹۾˵ͷ֪ľв١
ЩϵôģѯʵЩ档
һͨдķʽ֤˭ţÿ굽ǧ겻ȵʱһΣ澺ѧԱˣһαԵ֮ǰԷôϵţ澺棬֮Ȼ̹۾˵ЩƵĿۡ
˼ټ򵥲
ѧԺܸõѧԺѧȴδܱȵ澺ѧԱ
˵ǰϵ澺Ϊϵ󲿷ֵŻ澺
ԣѧԺС
ֻʱ۳ϵĵ˵ͷôȷʵ˵
ͺñڵЩѧУ
Ҳ˵ǿÿȫԵĿԣһڶĶѧУ
˸ԸⱨѧУԷȫûл˵
ȷ̹۾ȵЩˣѧԺų꣬жѧ
ǣͰ˵ַ죬ѧԺӮˣ澺κɸԤǵ
˵š
̹۾̫ˣΪѧԺʱ̣ûʲôѧǿǴشˡ
ѧԺĿֲ֮һȺǱѧ
ãȻ㶼˵ˣҾͰѹغ˵һ顣ֱ԰չһʮȱϵ漰ﾳ羳⾳վ硣Ҳƣóǧ꣬ﾳó꣬羳óʮ꣬⾳ó꣬վóǧꡣĿǰˣ˵ѧԺ澺ûзϵѧԱǾʹﾳʼﾳĳ羳⾳վһô
̹۾˵ʱΪš
ףȴɻҼǵؾҲû߾ѧԱ߾ô£
̹۾ʱЦ֪ˣڸԴϵѧԱ˻ߵΪ֮бֽΪģͻᱻ͵澺ܲϵ֮е澺ȻûﾳѧԱܲȴв١˵ѧԺ߾ѧôûеĻĳɾֱӮˡ
һ̹۾Ϊɶôˡ
һȫ϶ѧԺûﾳѧΪԼⷽѾӮĳ
ǽ澺ֻҪӮһܺѧԺ֤ƽˡ
ֻ̹۾ϲʱȴۻѧԺȻﾳѧĳҪȵġ
ʲô
̹۾ס˵ѧԺճôô߾ѧˡ
ǲ⣬̫ˡ


1296 
۽˵ʲô̹۾Լ˱Եʱ͵ص㣬һº硣
ʱ򣬻ȫϵ˶Թս
ѧԺ֮еǣѾ֪һС
澺ؾ
̹۾ص˿̵£Ǹʵ̫ˡ
лᣬһҪһǡ
ʱ򣬿֮λؾ֮˽ǵ϶Щڴ֮ɫ
̹۾ôǿһ˵ѧԺ˰ɡ
ǽ̹۾۾ĻΪ֮Ȼ
ҺѧԺԺһսˡ̹۾ѧԺԺһͷսôʱ䣬ʲôֱĲˡ
Ҳǹ֮㶼ҳϡ
֮⻰Ǿþ
ˣˡ
̹۾ǵĶ֣ǵ׸жǿ
ܱǼϵĵ۾ϵ
̹۾ںôԼ˵˳澺ϣ
ʮԣ⡭˹üͷ֪ѧԺѧ
ģϸ룬ѧԺûʲôﾳѧеĻҲǸͻƵġ˵ĻﾳĳԣǲӮˣԣֻҪӮһ˵ģֲܱܡ̹۾ޱȵ˵ţոѾϵܲϵѧԱ
ܿ죬ͻλﾳѧԱϹ
зģΪ͵ҲﵽﾳĽףߵĺȻﵽﾳ۷塣
̫ˣ֪ĶЩţɣ˷ЩؾѧԱﾳΪǾһֺܺõ
ӦҲʶ˷ֱﾳ׵ĵﾳ׵Ĺˡﾳ׵ĴԼﾳĽά˹еͽʮ꣬澺ܲŵϺŵġ̹۾˵ţѾϵ⼸棬ǰܲˡ
ˣǳš
ͬʱӪ
˺Ȳ죬ҲĽԱ֮һԱ˺üʮϰٵѧԱĿǰΪֹҲѧԱ
ʱһŽֽ׷˹
ѧԺж꼶ѧѧԺҪ澺ϵѧԱһԣ㽫ѧԺμӱԡֽ׳񿪿ڣ˵
ǡĬһºӦѾ֪ô¡
ĸǣϡ
ҦҲյͬϢҦܴϢѧԺһλв꼶ѧ
֪ˣͷһˡ
Ҧ˵ţӰȴǻɢԭֻһӰѡ
ǸҦܴϢѧɵۣովȻһ㶼ûвﻹΪʲôҦѧôԳӭˡ
ĹΧ
һƬ鲼ЩǴĺö
ѧԺж꼶ѧףѧԺҪ澺ϵѧԱһԣ㽫ѧԺμӱԡԶԶأһҷɴͣд
ͣϵϣ壬˿
֮С
ΪѾﵽﾳףսȴǿﾳ߽׵ߡ
ֻǿ
ʱͨѶȻ
ǵѧԺҪ澺ѧԺһдԣѡ֮һ
һصǣԺ
Ļ羳⾳վѧԺۺϿ֮Ҳźѧ
ʱ򣬹Ҳϵ
֮࣬Ҳǳڴ
ϾѧԺ澺ɶŵļеء
˭ҲֻбԹ֪ˡ
ټѧԺϵݱĽ֮УǸⳡһѻ
ؾ
һΰСźɫ䣬¶Űӵӳſڡ
ʲôˣ澺ؼڡ
ֻ뿪ϵʮ꣬ȻҶʶˡؾԭѧԱÿһҪӲȥ
ʱ򣬺洫ˬʵЦ
˼ʶأҪӲôһӵЩϷŰζȥԶȴǳˡ
ˣʵǹˡ˺ά˹
˼ͬһʱ䵽ġ
еΪѵʱ򣬿֮˳ؾ߳ȥλţӭǻ
񿴵֮ȴʦ𡣡
֮˵ͷڻԸһʦѾܸˡ
Ҫ֪ʵʵѾˡ
λǴؾսѧԺһҪȡʤС֮ͬʱ˵
ʲôѧԺȻؾʱôȫǵѧ֪ǵĲǲԽġߵҲһȫѧԺӡ
ǿϵţѧԺЩѧʲôҲǱȡ


1297 Ŀ
ʱ̹۾𣺡ܺãȡʤÿһһױԴ
˲һ˷
һױԴһףҲԭԱȵġ
һˣûа
˽ؾ֮У֮Ϊ˵İʱܵ˼عע
ؾѧԱȷ˵Ŀꡣ
ǽ澺ܲʵ̫ˡ
ϵǼ棬˵ϢҲɢ˳ȥòϵ鶼Ǿޱȡ
ĸﾳ澺ѧԱ֮ˡ
ϵҪ֪ĿǰͳڲﾳߣʵҲˡ
ѧԺ֮УƺûܵЩ˵Ӱ죬ѧȻǸʲôʲô
һı
׵ס֪˲࣬Ҳû뵽ѧԺ׵糤Ȼס
µһ죬Ժȭ
ϸȥĻȻȭ׵ȭƺһ־硣
˵ǾǷ豹棬Ϊʵ
ʱ׵ԺһűϷţű۳һӰ
ؾѧԱɽѩ
׵ȭʱ򲻾ͣüôģô
ɽѩһЩŭΪʲôܶһ
ǵѾ˵ľס֤ǵĳס񡣡
׵˵ͷᶫɽѩǼȭ
ɽѩߵ֪㵥
˵ţһŻһűɢ
ߺȴһݶǺȻһϡ
ͬʱʱ𣺡ĸһϣҲԶǧ
һоͰ˹
ʶһϢϸӦ澺ڲϣһ˿Իõġ
ɽѩȷʵˡ
ֻתȴҡҡͷͲҪֱӹһˣֱ߷ˡ
Ǳߣ׵һѧպý⻰ʱЦá
糤ʲô
⵹ҲǣȻѧԺ֮ô׷׵ģ͸ˡ
糤
ţϸƼݣȥ
׷ԸȻ
ѧԺ֮Уոֶһ츳Ƭ츳Ȳš
ѧǵǼϷƵָյҪս㡣һѧ˵Щ
˵ʲôˡͨͨѶǼ磬ܿҵһƵ
Ƶǵ񣬴˿վ֮УԵơ
ֻϵķƣ˵һսû˼˵ѧԺǿߣʵ֮һս
񿴹֮ЩЦá
һ治Цģ˸ߵԺҪԴ
ѧҲ̡ѧ߷ߵֻԼûʵȻսˡ
ҿɲܺһ𷸶ǻ£˵ѧԺǿߣڸа˵ģ϶òᡣЩε˵϶սҪʼˣҲͷȫˣԼġ
ϵȫıˡ
͵ŵùɡ
ܿ죬Ŀ֮£ڵԼһ졣
һ죬ϵֱɽ˺·ߡߣǵ۾ۡ
ѧԺѧ澺ѧԱҲ½Ľ硣
һս˵ϵ۷֮ս
ۣԺⶼûô̹۾ϸ˳򣬲ûзǵӰЩʧ
ԺڱչûչעЦЦˣԼģһʮԣÿȡʤһʤҲû⣬쿪ʼ԰ɣ
á̹۾˵ͷ
ǱߣѾ˹
ѧԺߣҲ׷׾λ
ĹսϯλϣڵĹڣС
깫ʱѧԺ֮澺ʼ˱Եĳǩ
һ֮ȳ顣
Ŀ֮£ֻ֮ѾȡһӣȻдﾳѧԱдά˹
ʱһ쳹
һ澺ؾѧԱǡ
ά˹
˵⻰ʵǴǼһλˣҲǲˣﾳŽ۷Ϊ
ȥ˶ˡ
ﾳȻһﾳıԡ
˶ּ
깫ʱѧԺʱֻܴѧԺλﾳѧ棬ȡһ
깫УѾһ֡
ʱٴ
ѧԺĳѧǣж꼶ѧ
񣡡
ˣ
˿ʼߺ֣һ˽һˣ಻


1298 ޴Ĳ
ʱ򻺻վӰһս
һƬա
ģµǺӣϾ֮еսҲǺ֮С
Ȼ
ά˹΢΢ü˵ˣѧԺѧ֮еǿߡ
ǴѧԺǿ߻Ҫ
̹۾˿̣ҲЩĿά˹
Ҫ֪ά˹һ
ѧԺǱǿһ
Ӯǿɶ׬ˣֳǩȻǵġ
Ϊֻﾳ۷塣ά˹ţҿﾳĽ۷壬һС磬û
һսӮˡ
ά˹ƶ˵дš
ԣҲʼ
Ϊϣϡ
ά˹Ϊ˷ϣϡ
𣬶ּʵһּDNAֶΣÿ˰󶨵ͨѶֹܡ

ֻּ⣬ûи䣬ȻҪ֪ʱʱ䣬ʵҲͲǧ꣬˻ʲô顣
ţǾϵֹĳš
Ѿ򼶵Щˡ
Ҳһ򣬲мʮִ
ʽʼ
£ά˹ѡΪǿֱӳ
УȻһſֲ
ſֲ׵ԣƺ˺һУֱʹնǳһķ϶
һȭ׻ֱӺ
񿴵öԷ򵥣澺ţʵʵѾͨﾳףˡ
ֻǿ
ά˹ȻΪһǳǳҫ۵Ĺâ
ʲô
ά˹סˣоԼһǳһǺǼġ
һ̵̫Сˡ
һ죬ײһǳϣά˹˳ȥ
һѪ˳
ֻǵһУ·硣
ܣ
ά˹ޱȣҲȻ
⿪ʲôЦ
ά˹ٲãҲõһоͱѪ
㲻ܱǿģոһǿֶΣһûʹȫءά˹Ƿһ㡣
Ҳǰͷ
ֲ²еҲά˹лᡣ

ά˹ʱͺһгһѳ
˵ԼûʹȫΪõġ
ɱ
ά˹еս貵׹⡣
һĵӰǺӣն񣬰ȫ˽ȥ
ҵĲʵ̫ǲ˵ҵġ񵭵˵ţûΪǳ͵رȼһ㣬޴ȼյĻ泯ȥֱӴݻһĵӰ
ά˹ţҲǲš
񵽵ʩչʲôֶΣҲ̫ˡ
Ҳôǿ
ά˹ˣٴնʩչǸκβֺ
Ѿ۵ȴȻƵ
ֲ࣬ά˹ҧгݡ
䣿ά˹΢΢̾
ΪϵĲ࣬޷ֲϵĲࡣ
˵ľ磬߹ά˹̫ࡣ
սˣ˿ҲһĴ͡
սĲһ
ϵĳţô㡣ά˹ǲ
㵽ڶûֱӵĲൽж󣬼ȻϸˡĹһǳﵽһҼǳ״̬ÿ໯һǳҵʵͻһ˵ţȻɢγһſŵĺɫǳ
ЩǳǷ貵Ĺâҫǿգ硣
ǳ֮µά˹˿ڲš
һʮһǳ
ά˹ţ˵ʵʮһ
ոյһɵʵûʹá
ģġ
ά˹ţȴԼ壬Ȼʮһźǵҫ֮£ڻˡ
ȻֵʸûС
ˣ˿Ҳﵹһ
ԭոպ񣬾ȻֻʩչһɲʵǺεȵĺˣѾŰά˹
Ҫ֪˵ΪһС硣
𵩵۾Ҳǵһ϶ǳ򣬻һַ򣬵ȼǶȡ
һԵĵҲɫѿ
Ȼﾳ۷Ϊ˿Ҳұ֤һʤˡ
ֵ̫ˣЩôˡ
Ϊ֮ǰǼ񣬸е졣
ȿȣһѧԺʤˡ
ʱŷӦǷ˾˵Ļ
Ӯˡ
ѧԺһӮˣӮúܳףûκʡ


1299 С㣬ĽƯ
澺ؾǱߣһƬš
ˡ
ĺóס
ά˹˿̱ڵϣͣڻûлع
оųǻлᡣ֮૵ѧԺǿһѧά˹ܸ񣬵ǽɲеڶˡ
ﾳԣһȫȡʤ
ĻӮʤȻǡ
ǲģһġɣҲǵһԣͿһˡ
Ҳһš
ҪˣԺϵҲû赲ѧԺĽŲˡ
ѧԺϵһҲֻӵڶ
ڶԣǩʼ
еٴ˵ĿͶ˹ڴ
γǩ깫ȳ顣
ֻ깫ѾһӣдŻ羳ѧСȡ
пڶѧԺѧǡ
һ꼶ѧСȣ
˶Ǽ
ѧԺСħŮСȣ˭֪ϵ֮жǺպ
֮Ҳ֪Сȵģʱش澺ߵѡ棬һӡ
еҲٴ
ڶ澺ؾѧԱǡ
ޱǣ
һ澺˶ǻ
Ů
Ů
ޱ澺ʵ̫ˡ
˳Ư׷ڶ࣬Ϊǿڻ羳е֡
Ӯˡ
˹ʱ̲סһ֣԰ޱǿޱȳģȻҲһ
֮ĬĬͷ
̹۾˿̶ЩǾôģ
ɣʱЦ۾֪ޱܲĲ༶ܿҲؾĿǰΪֹһɴܿġܿǲ༶ʵ졣ڱ𿴰ޱֻǻ羳Ž׵Ϊ벽߶һﾳͽ߶Ķ֡
⻰̹۾ޱȳԾ
ܿҲ˵ġ
һֺĹɽܲÿֲͶֹ
ֹ֪󣬿ԴɱһǿĶȷ򡪡ٷ
ٷɲľ֮ı֣һȫͬķ
ô˵أȻľҲп٣ָĸĿ٣ߵ٣˵Ŀ١
ԣڲ༶棬ܿĵȼ͡
ŹȷʵֻܲЩӵд츳ˣšȻһٸһһ㶼ܡ
һʱ䣬ޱǾ̹۾Ĺע
츳ѧԱѾʸнܲˡ
Ӱһǵ˱Գϡ
еҲٴ
СȣΪϣϡ
ޱǣΪ˷ϣϡ
˵Ŀ⣬˿Ҳǽˡ
Ů˵սѧԺħŮؾŮȻ˼
սʼ
һ£СóԼһѺܳĴ󵶡
廹Σɱɥʧʼı־
ޱǵͬһѳ
ѳһǿήֻɫһǲԴɫתɫڻת
һһ٣
СҲǻ羳ŽףΪ棬ȫһޱһ˿ϷŰ֮ɫԼ֮ͬھ޵еģѧԺָ߳벽ﾳģһսôӮˡ
ôš
ؾƯģҲҪǿǸ
ɱ
ޱǿСȣӰһ˹ȥ
ĳ֮ϣ֮ɫ֣ͬʱȥ
С㣬ĽƯ
Сһ£ȴðСǣҪһֵǮɣ
ֵǮ
ֵǮ
ޱûˤȥǰɵﲻǿĽɡ
ҵĴ󵶣ҲƯ
С˵ţеӵĴ󵶻һ¾ͻӶ
ֻĻӶǴһϺɫĻ棬˲˷Բ
֮ߣ
ޱǲЦĹɱȷٷģʲô֮򲻹ȷĶ֡
һսһûˡ
䣡
˵Ĺײһ飬˲䱻пĴҷɡ
СȸоԼһУڱѸٵ˵½ɡ
ǿٷĺһ
ֱӵ˳ȥ
·硣
澺ˣʱǻ
ޱǣѹСˡ
ޱԼҲǳ˷֮ɫٴγСȡ
ĳϻӶһİСȱƵ˽䣬ʱСȣѾ᧿Σ¶ࡣ


1300 
˿̵СȣȷʵǱ
ƾԼ츳Ļ֮򣬾ȻȫǰޱǵĶ֡
ѹƵĺܲң϶ޱǵĽѪۡ
ˡ
ޱǿСȣߵɣ㲻ҵĶ֡
䣿
ոҲȰά˹ģѵһĻҪˡ
Сˣ䣬ŭˡ
СʱƺˣھһðޱǶɵˡ
Сˣ˵ô
սˣҲɵۣⶼĸİ
ǸţޱȺ˵һĻˡ
ֻѾǱޱȵСȣϺȻȼܵĻ棬ҲΡ
ǰģһֻԡķ
ͬʱһ
Ǻӡ
̫ˣ
֪˭˵һ䣬綼ˡ
ʲô̫ˣǿ涼۷ǿվޣаʮһ
˵е̫ˣӵв֮ӵгΪʡ
һֲ࣬һǿķ
һ̫˵ѪҺ˶˵
ѧԺѧ˿ǻսȻת
ԺСȥǳ߻ʣں߻ʵķѪ̫ȷˡȻ粻ͬ߻ȻӦþ˵̫ˡ૵Ƕѧǵ
СȣǰǾͿԺ֮·ںһ̫˵ѪҺ
СȻںʧܣǻǸСȵڶλᡣ
ǻɹ϶еΡ
ȻСȲɹػ̫˵Ѫ
Ļĳɾ;ͰθˣԺϣշһյĲԴ˳Ϊһλǿߡ
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СȻķˣڿһ߹ޱȵˣƾҲսң
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ɱ
Сȣֱӳɱ˹ȥ
еĳ˿̸ӵˣٷת˼¡
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̹۾̲סΪޱǽкãս֮ʤܣޱǶᱻнܲ
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ţнܲҲ˷츳
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СȻķˣҲŰޱɱ˹ȥһֻס˰ޱǡ
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Щ֮£ޱǵȼգҲȼա
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⡭
˶ǲţޱǾȻھ֮з˲ɡ
ޱԼǴ㵲ѡ
Ļɽ˵ӰΪһŵĻ棬ȥ
ӮˣޱͻԼɱСȡ˹ؼĻ澺ȡ˵ڶʤһһƽˡ
澺⻰ǻ
ѧԺǱߣһƬš
ѵˡ
ϸĻͻᷢۺ̹۾ɫԵЩԡ
ǶעɢǺ֮еĻ档
Ȼͻ֡
ֻһɢĻ棬ܵʲô٣ٵľۺ
֮У۳СȵӰ
˿̵СȣСظ££СȻֱӰҴˡҲҵĴܵΣʱ򣬿һŴΣܱɱѾҴһˣа˴Σܻˡ
᣿
Բۣ
˶Ŀɿڴɵˡ
ȻֲڿҰ
һŴΣ㿴ޱǵӣܷڶֹô
䡣
Ȼޱǵ
ˣȻôˣʱ˶Ϊϧѡ
˭֪Ѿˡ
СɱĴڣǻˣӮһ


1301 
ڶ澺ٰܣ
澺һƬݣˣ
ô졣
̹۾޻˵澺ѧԱѾˣѧԺѧȴǸӵ
һһֺܸߵȼĶȷ񹦸
ԲһСΪŰά˹
һСȣĹһ㣬̫˵ѪʵѲ
ޱǸǱСġ
ǰޱǵĻ㹻ʱ˭ʤ˭Ͳһˡ
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˹ش˿̽ҧأʱȻ澺䡣
ϵӪô꣬ѵһתѧԺɡ
һӮһ
֮Ҳһֻڴһˡ
ǰȥ֮ʼ˵ĳǩֻһӣдվ
п֮𣺡澺ؾѧԱǡ
Ƕ
֣˻
˭֪Ƕʮǰű澺յģʱվ׵Ϊ澺ȡʤ
Ҧܵʱ򣬿ɶһȵǶ
Ƕе˱ԳϣԿ׳˶ϵļɽ壬Ʋ֮Уֱӷʵ
һһ͵ߡ
ʵҲˣǶȴǸѪӵ֮кպ߽Ѫͳ
ȻΨһһվıԡ
֮ʵϣ鵽ﾳıԣǶʱ˳ġ
Ƕؾվĵһˡ
ǶĹɶһһģʤܴ
깫ʱǸоЩȤվֻһҲȥˡ
еѾֱ𣺡ѧԺѧǣж꼶ѧ
⣡
֣ѧԺѧǻ
⣬ǵѧ֮е̳ˡ
ڷ޼ѧԺʱͱֳ˿ֲսʶʱһ꼶ѧѾǳսʶ
ڲʱ䣬⾹Ȼһ·վﵽվ߽۷塣
սʶѾﵽ˿ֲ۷壬׷˵ʱսʶһ˵ıڤѩ
ûиǶôɧˣֻһԾ˱ԳС
ȸǶȻҲвٵļ⣬ǾԵõˣƺ͸Ƕȫһˡ
Ҫ㡣Ƕ⣬죬һڴ¶˳š
ôǾͿûˡ΢΢һЦԵúƽͣѾǵǸСкˡԼҲ㹻ģ͸ǶΪǲһģǶѾվ˽ˡ
ɱǶٷϻ⡣
ٶȺܿ죬޼ɣǵĿ졣
ܴϵ͹һɹεƺΪʵʵ
ϣһĵĹϢƺһλٵصǿߣµѪӿ
⿴֮࣬ȴǲ˿η塣
ӭȥ繭˫̤գʵʵĵһ㣬Ȼеһȭڵһ˳ȥ
䣡
ȭͷײһ𣬷˷׺ХйڶоĤۡ
ô
ҲһȻܵסҵһȭ
Ⱥ˵˴жһصɫ

Լͬģٴγ
ǿȫȭȭսֻվ˿ҲѪڣﾳս١
ʮӹȥ˾Ȼǲʤ
˲ǵѪЩ˷֮ɫ澭һԽһսʤ˶֡
ǶֱҧҾȻòһվ߽׵ģˡ
˵ţǶȭͷؿڣƺڷйԼķŭ
ڿ̲סЦ
ǶЩ޺޵ҲײˣҪʩչҪ㡣

ʱƺ˵ڿɶǵײûʩչ
ʩչ϶ͬ
˲Ծؿ⣬ǶҪʩչô죿
ô
ֻʱȴЦҲЩֶҪʩչϣ㲻Ҫ̫졣
ǶһҲΪҪʩչҲ
һɱ˹ȥ
ӰһΪ˫ȭͷͬʱ⣬Ǳһ
Ǵ˿̵⣬ϺȻɢȥһصϢ
ʶԼһصĶ˷Բʮɣһ
Ȼ˾֣ҪΪⵣĵʱȴǿһƱܿ˸ǶһȭȻһƺ˸Ƕļ
ɲǼ䣬ǶֻоǰһûŪô£ͷ˳ȥ


1302 ɱ
֮ˣҲǾȵ°Ͷˡ
ոһ˲䵽׷ʲôƺڸǶ֮ǰѾ֪˸ǶĹλá
һԤУ
ֻôģһվ߶ѡ
۵̲סƣô£ȫһ츳
ֲսʶԼĳǿ֪γһԼս֮Уһжܱǰ졣
Ȼ󣬾ݴʵӦԷ
ȽļҪֲٱΪǲǼ㣬ȫһֱ
ԣֱ
޷ֻͣ츳Щˣա
ȻǼټ٣еٮٮߡ
ѧԺѧѾһһص
ϡ
Ƕɫޱȣȭˣֱ⣬ǿǰ˽׵
⣬ʩչǾԲԲǡ
Կ϶
ֻΪʲôȴ׵İ˽޷⡣
һ˲䣬Ƕη壬ҼŽˡ
ƺӵĵ
˾Ŀš
ɱ
ڣǶûжٴɱ⡣
˫ֻΪһĻӰսһն⣬һһ
ӰҡڣʱûпĹȴʵĶܡ
һУС
ǶǾˣΪȻ嶼
Ķ֣һ
ôԲǣٶȹôҲǡ
ָоôݣԼĶ뷨еһжˡ
ǰû˿һ
һȺսҲĿɿڴֱ似
ܱܿ˵ҡ
֮ˣȫһɫøǶôӮ䶨ˡ
̹۾˿Ҳʽһ㣬еȻѧԺԺֲޱȣѧԺѧҲһ޶һεı׶༪ˡ
⻰澺˶Ǻʧ䡣
Ĺ֮£ǶЩԲˣ˭ƶһ
֪㣬бºһսǶŭ
ãԸһóǿĹ˵ͷϱһɼǿƣһצŸǶץ˹ȥ
ɲǼ䣬˺ѣǺ飬еһһצ֮¶С
Ƕޱȣӭȥ
ƴһɶһצȴֱӴ͸ţ඼ץ˳
ˡ
⿴ŽߵĸǶ΢΢˵š
ʵ
ǿһ֮£Ƕˣĳ׵ס
ˡ
Ƕظţį
Ĳ񻰾ͱսˣһһһ󾳽
ѧԺʤ
еЩЩš
ﾳΪҲˣѧԺѧ
ϵ磬ٴηѾѧԺӮˡ
澺Ļлô
ˣˡ֮Щƣϡ
ŵѡɣ˵ֻ˵⻰ʱԼûġ
ʿ󽵡
ԼʵܶѾ澺
Ļлô̹۾εҡҡͷѾѧԺĿֲ
΢΢һЦˣ깫ʦȡĳıˡ
깫˷ޱȣȥ
ޱڴ֮£ȡһĳ
ĳѧԺѧԺж꼶ѧ
ף
֣澺ؾǱߣɽѩ̲סһ
ѧԺߣǻܶ˿ʼߺ׵֡
Щ֮ʱҲʼ˳ȡ
ȡ֣ڳһĨЦݡ
ĳ澺ؾѧԱǡ
񣡡
һˡ
ǿ澺ߵǿѧԱˡ
ӮˣӮˡɣҲٴθЦݣҵġ
ôǿΪ˭䣬һ䡣
ѧԺǿѾˣôǵĶ֡
񣬿ˡ̹۾ʱҲǹȻƺû˵ֵһֻҪӮˣһһױԴٴܲѡһֲ༶
л۾ҿ϶Ӯġ˷ޱȣһױԴãһֲ༶ķˣλصϵĻضˡ
Գϣսܿ쿪ʼˡ
ףЦԹԵĳΪҵĵʯɣⳡԣӮһҡ
Ļû˵ֻ꣬׵ȭͷ˹ȭ
һȭһȭֱӹķݵˣѪɽҲ˳ȥ
ʱ׵ϵ֮̽һץ
һƬռ䣬̼仯Ϊ˾ĩ
ս
ɱɱ
һ磬û


1303 
ֱܾ֮˾Ļ
Ӧ𾪵
Ӯˣɱ˵֮ǰκ˶벻ġ
ε˲ãֲͨ༶˿ȴʩչĻᶼûС
ˣļҡ
֮ˣ˿ѾûһˣõĵȻˣǵĴ֪
ܣⲻܣ
ɣţ˼ֱҪ
˹ظǷϵ˵ϣ֪һжˡ
Ҫɱɱ
ʵ֮еĵţֱܴ衣
Ļ䣬һɱϢסǺȻ̹۾
۾ҡ
˾ˣȥú÷ʡˡ
̹۾ߵѾǾˡ
䲻ˣΪȫı֡
ǣ۾
ҧҧת뿪ˣûȥ
֪һսһΪЦؾܲ澺
Ļˡ
ѧԺӮĳֻҪӮһӮˡ
澺ʤϣѾãˡ
ʱһ˹
̹۾Ҫٱô۵
ۣѧԺһѧԺȻյô츳ѧ̹۾ûֱӻشۣǻ˵
⻰Ц
ѧԺյѧôġ
ñʼҲA츳ǲB츳΢һ㣬ҲS츳
ЩѧѧԺȴѾΪ԰Ƭš
Ժ󣬸ǻΪ۷š
Ժոմϣ䡣ۻҲϵ̹۾ԭ
䣿̹۾üȻܲԸ
ǸûӮϣӮһѡԸ䣬峡ӮĻǡ룬Ѿһֳŵˡ
䣬Ǽ䣬ⶼԱȫؾһЩ棬ǲ̫ѿ
ϾԺϵѧԺնѧ
ؾĴڣǶϵһ顣
֪ˣͬ䡣̹۾̾һ
ˣά˹ˡ
ʤϣģ˵ǸûС
սȥֻǸӵĶۡ
ãϵ峡ҪʼˣֻҪһ֪ѡǺеġ˵ţжͨ
ڣǱߵĵ峡ʼˡ
һ⾳ıԣųλѧԺѧֶΣ̹۾֪Բ顣
ЩѧԺѧȷʵ
λѧԺѧ䣬ĺΣҲͼλ۾ˡ
ĵȡһʤѧԺѾȡ峡ʤ
ʱȴѾ뿪ˡ
ѧԺ֮С
ѵõĳһΣɽɽվš
Ժ̹۾ͬˡ۵Ӱֳ
šǵ˵ͷĻͲ̫ҡˣЩϵ֮ҲͲ̫עǡ

ܿ죬ıԽˡ
ʮԣѧԺʤȡʤ
ϵΪ֮𶯡
ǰѧԺӮĳνǾޱȡ
ѧԺϵߣ֮󣬶ǰ˾ģһҪΪѧԺѧ
ѧԺһͻ˰ڴء
ƿֲ
ϵʷûĸѧԱô˱
˿̵ǣѾעˡ
ɽŻȥϦʱͨ˵̹۾
ǵ˵ͷʵѾע⵽ˡ
ɡ
ǵ˳ȥɽµ̹۾͵һ
ûвǴʲôطģǱʹ֮е
ʵҲսսġ
ϴΰǵڶ¡
ǲһ棬Լǰϵˣ˺
ޱ飬̹۾ɽȥ
һģûҷУû˲ơ
˽ǵһֶԱ˱𾴵ʽҲԼĳ⡣
һĳɽɽȥٶȺȴǸһصĸܡ
ڣ˰Сʱŵɽۡ
۾ǰԺˡ
һѧԺ·ѧ˵꣬תˡ
ʱ̹۾ǿȥǸվɽ۵ƺᣬҪǧ򱶡
վǺںһ顣
ƺҲԣںϵһ飬һ棬ܴϿǳת컯
ɡ
ǵ̹۾һ
ҳɣ
ʱȴ֣Լǲʮľ룬ÿһȴǴԽһԪһ㡣
ǰǣ޽ȴԶ
޷ô¡


1304 
ڣƺԽʱһ㣬ǵߡ
ǣĺͨ
ǵĿƿǵʱȴǷԼ벻ǵӡ
⣬һ亹
ؾнʲôʵľܿڣҲеһ㡣ǵ
ǡ̹۾ӦԺʲôʵģһ֪޲ԣ޲
Цϲʹ˵̹۾Ȼһˡ
Ȼ̹۾˵ˣǽȻɡ
ֱӾǿڵȻˣǾʰɡȵһ⣬ѧԺ澺ϵţڸڱ֮Ӯ澺澺ô飿Ҫ֪ԺϵѧԱɾûô˳ˡ
⣬˵˾֪澺ķӦ
̹۾ƺҲס
ע̹۾ʱȴǿ̹۾ͻȻЦԺ֪ˡ澺ÿϵţʵΪţĿǶԿ塣ѧԺıǺãҲκεĲȥıԸѧԺ
ЩȣΪʲô
̹۾һ£ܼ򵥣澺ѧԱĿǶԿ壬ѧԺѧʵҲһǲǵˣѡ
壿
ѣ
ǲ˼ƺڿʲô
̹۾ʱǵɻ󣬼ǵģ塢壬˵ĵˡ˵壬ʵԭҲܼ򵥣ΪǸ塣ǣʵһ档
⻰һ
һ棿
ʲôһɲһԪ
̹۾˵ͷֵȷʵģҲǱߴ˵֮Уǵսһֱšʵ⣬ҲһЩѾĸطɱţԴԪȵȡ˵ˡ
ǵ˵ͷ˲˺ܶĶ
ѹ۾֣ôϵĵ۾׷׳֣ǲò֡
Ѿһĳˣ
Щ֮󣬼ʣǵڶ⣬֮⵽ûвླڣ
⣬ĺܹġ
֮û飬ϵڻǹˣѧԺҲװȫˡ
Ϊʵ֮»Ѿη塣
̹۾ԥһ£ƺʲô⡣
Ǿʵ˵У϶еġ
ȻУ
ȻȻͲµˡ
̹۾˵ͷ汾Դ򱣻֮ĵطʵҲΪ˷ֹĲ룬Ϊһɵƻֱǻصģʱ˵һ򶼲ǲܡǾ汾ԴıӣһЩڵס汾ԴĸӦ༶ǿ֮ġ
汾ԴȻǿ󣬿Ҳܵġ
汾ԴӦıȻϡ٣еġ
Щûдˣ̹۾õЩǳ
̹۾ǲѯʣڰͲסˣԺҲи⣬ǲѾͻƵ˲ླ
˵⻰ģ̹۾ƺڴ˵ǡ
ֻʱȴҡҡͷǲǿߣովͲЩˣ㲻˵ôǿ֮Ǻѵġ
̹۾ƺЩʧôǿˣӦÿ϶һλླŶԡ
Ȼ̹۾ΪǾûдﵽླҲѾ˲ླʵ
϶Щ̹۾ˣһΪԺϵһλǿߣĻԺʵǿԳϵġ
Ϊʲô
ΪԺϵϵżǿ֮ϵ־ΪԺε汾Դĸ֪
̹۾˵Ҳ˵
Ǹʱ򣬷˵γΪ࣬ʵࡣ
ǵ֪̤ʵһЩ
ĻԺͻƵླ磬ص֮УʵǿԽϵġ
ߣ뿪ϵ
˵ͷǿ˿̹۾лҿѾ˽ŽףӦǳླˡˮַˮѾںϵһ飬Ǳȴ޷ںϣʵܼ򵥣ˮĿǰ״ʢ˥޷ƽ⣬Ȼںϡҽȥٲһֻ֮ӦþͿˡ

̹۾סǵһ˵
֪Ӧָˣʱϲ⣬˵Щμˡ


1305 ѧ
ǽֽһЩʲô̹۾ԽԽе˶ǳ˽ȥ
ʱӵľĪ
ֶԷ򣬼ֱΪ֮ȻоԼʦ𶼲ôǿķ
лԺָ㣬м
̹۾ǹһ
һϯƺɻ
ţ̫ȥˣҲûȥˡ
ǿ˿ϣϦ£ڰʼִء
˵ʲôתȴˡ
̹۾˵ʲôȴǷԼѾ任λãȻ֪˵Ľ֮⡣
⣿
̹۾˰죬þ
ǵֶΣþԼͻƵ˲ླ޷⡣

һ̹֮۾ȥˡ
һɣ𣬳ɻ֮ɫ
ǵģıԴ̹۾϶ޱȵ˵ѧԺԺָЩ˺ܶණ
Ȼ˵ЩһǵһȴҲǾúеֻǿϧ޷뿪һλѧԺԺˡǲɣ𣬶Ȼ̹۾ʦ
ʦûµĻҾȥˡ̹۾ѾЩȲˡ
ãûһλѧԺԺǵѧҲϵĳˣпܱϵġɣȻͳûˡ
̹۾һúе
Ᵽ澺Ŷɱ˲١
ʱȥ
澺ΪѧԺѧԺӻˣܿ쳬ǧڡ
ȱֹʱǴﵽ֮ޡ
ֱǺš
ֻѧԺյҲİˣ֪
ʮ˿ʼˡ
ӵһصħþڶصʵսˣصһһսϵ˱ˢȥ
˱˰ˣֱ˰ˣֻвˡ
ֱе
һ죬ѧԺǵİ칫֮С
Ժеıˣԭ쾳վ⾳ĸǰһһİˣֻʮѡѧԺΪѧԺѧˣһѡ澺ؾһѡһЩ깫˵ʱƺЩʮԸΪѧԺѧˣ϶ӻˡ
ֻʮôǴչİ˰ɣȻÿһˣģӺֱӲ¼ǵһ仰ı˵ˡ
ǡ깫˵ͷҲúе
ʮ깫İ˴
ڶѾʽĽѧԺΪѧԺѧ
İ棬ΪߵĲ⾳ԭ֮в˿ǣǳ˳ݡ
ѧԺĴ£ȡøԾ֮ǰһܲǣЩ⽱ġ˵ţһоͷɳȥİٶŵĽÿζУֱǵУҲ˵ˣѧԺоٵĽǽѧԺõĵһԴˡ
İٸѧǲ鿴ܿ¶˷ܵɫ
ÿǰʮǿؿԼĽ棬һһ༶Ĺ
ʵڿͨǳ֮ħѼ˲ٵĹЩõ磬ɶǲ༶ġ˵ǰʮĽ༶ǰһĶ༶Ҳõĳġ
ˣÿǰʮѧ࿴˿ǵĽԶֹ˵Щ
ȣǳ˲༶һ༶ɷ
ȻѾ֪ɷʵ˼
֮⣬ǰѧƺֶ˲١
ǵһȻԽһ츳ƬԵúˡ
εģʵҲһЩҲһЩ㡣
ЩѧҲǼԺͱ깫뿪ˡ
ʱٴηЩѧϣʵȽϿõѧλ
һλӤģϵ츳ĹƫӰϵǸѡȡĹҲⷽġ˳ԺһܴӹӰ򣬵ʱɾͲ϶ѡһλǧģҲϵ츳츳ַ֣һֳ֣ǳ죬ǾַԺǰ;ضΪѡȡһƥȺܸߵĹ
һλᰵŮӣȻһλʦǼ츳
ǾþʦʵȽǿߣѧԺ֮лǱȽϡٵģʱϣɾ͡
Ȼѧв٣Ҳˡ
æЩҲյϵͳʾڿȡˡ


1306 
ε񣬽Ǻܲġ
һʮһǼ￨ƣɷ츳Ƭݿ
ʮһǼ￨ƣǾλʥɾʦ൱Ľ۾
ɷҲǲɶõĶ
ϵͳѾɣҪȡ
Ѿţա
ϵͳǣǵѾʮһǼ￨ơ
ǵһţ滭һϵĹͷУӦǷ֮ˡ
Ƿ˿ƺ棬ֹȻϢġ
С
ԣμǡ
ʵʥɰ˼
ӵѧꡣ
ӵɷղ幦
ӵꡣ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺɷʦ
ǲͷ
֪еģμ֮巽е˵
ɮʦͽһ·ȡ巽һ·տලǾžŰʮһѶ巽иͳƵġ
ЩǶԽлǺġ
λʦѧԺѧԺôǽеΪﵽʥɰ˼ʵѾԺͿ۾һϸˡ
ڶ￨ƣ滭ľȻһλͥ񽫡
ϧͥʵ̫࣬˽ҲֻǺһֱ֣Ӿͷ˿Ʊ档
ֻдţ
ܵǣֵ񣩡
ԣμǡ
ʵʥ
ӵѧꡣ
ӵɷʱݡ
ӵꡣ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺɷʦ
ǿ֮ǲһЦ
ճ巽Уֵ֮һֵܵǣȤ
ܵǵΪҲﵽʥҲǽףǲˡ
ܵǵɷʱҲǺõģȻҲôлݣҲֻĭʱɷǾͼˣԺֻҪѧɷǲʲôʱҲûġ
Ȼǵ￨ơ
ȻһͥӣȴǳۣԵƺЩͬ
ǲ²ܿĳһλ޻Ǿͷ˿Ƶı棬ϵĲࡣ
ֻϢġ
Ǿ϶Ǿ֮һ
ԣǾ
ʵʥ弶
ӵѧꡣ
ӵɷǹƿٶ
ӵꡣ
ϵͳ飺ΪѧԺɷʦ
ǿǾĽܣЩġ
ҪǾٶƺһӳֶΣκ磬ٶһ顣ٵı٣ٵɷ͸ˡ
ǾΪҲʥ弶Ҳˡ
ǳ˼һ£ֱ˵һɷ
ղ幦
ʱݣ
ٶ
ֻǣɷ֮ȴǺ⡣
һֹҲһǿһС񼶵Ĺ
ڶֹ˵ʱݣȴֻܻһСʱ֮ڵ飬ȫǼߣΪɷ⣬ҲһСˡ
ֹٵˣȴҪԼˣֱΪԪݽ߶Ϊ˿ݽ߶ȫһֹʵɷֹǺܿӣٱϾһ飬һɷҲλдˡй¶ȥƻ
ֿ￴֮󣬽ɷˡ
ʵǸڴ
һϵͳĹɶ̫
һɷǿֽȭһȭʥ硣
ϸһ£Ǿ;ŹܲӦҲǲ༶ģڴȼ
ڶɷֽԵ硣
ǿ֮Ѿ𾪡
ɷǧ֮һӦҲǿλһȷġ
ڵȼӦ𼶹ˡ
ɷֽԪʵ硣
Ҷɷ֮һҲ˵ãгɣڽݺˡ
ԪʵĵȼҲﵽ˴񼶱
ɷֽħĹ硣
ŹνޱȣǳĹȼӦÿԻΪˡ
ǰɷ꣬Щ
ƷҲһһպá
ٻˡ
ֻоǰһΣλʦѾѧԺ֮С
СֵܵǡǾˣվţƺ˺档
΢΢һЦʼΪ˽ѧԺ

֮һϢ䶯ϵ
Ϣݺܼ򵥡
ѧԺʽƸֵܵΪѧԺճֵΣѧԺճ
ͬʱƸܵΪͳ˧֮һ
ϢĴȥҲ֪ѧԺٶһ۾
ܵǣҲʽ֮Ϊֵյ۾
º˸ոӦѧԺһµĵ۾һϢ˳ȥ
ѧԺʽƸΪѧԺж꼶ɷʦ꼶ɷʦɷγ̡
ͬʱƸΪѧڣ塣
УҲǱ˳֮Ϊ۾
Ȼ󣬾һˡ
λѧԺƸϢ˳ȥǾ
ѧԺƸǾΪѧԺɷʦж꼶͸һ꼶ɷγ̡
ͬʱƸٵ۾Ϊ߼Ա
һ֮ڣѧԺλ۾Ӱ֪
ϵܱߵĴϵ䶯ˡ
֮ǰϵϵǺڲ⻹ҪҪ˻ˡ
ʱҲˣѧԺһλλķųλ۾Ϊˡ
ȻЧܲ
ϸ㣬ѧԺ֪ģϻ۾۾ĿʵѾﵽλ
ֱǺš
⻹Ŀǰפϵĺ۾ͳ۾Ȼܶ˶ΪλܿҲѧԺ

ʵҲˣ˿̵ӴϵһȺ۾ȹϵϡ
ô죬Ǹô졣
ϵһһǿʲôԺֻܵűϵ̲
λѾյϢ˰ɣѧԺֶλ۾۾˿Ϻ࣬Ҳһ˿ķŭ
һڶλ۾ѧԺǴģǼˡīѻ۾ߵ
ѧԺԺŽŽ׵ʵһЩ۾סⲻ֡۾ߵѧԺһֱȥǵĵ۾ԽԽ࣬ǵв֪
һȺӴϵĵ۾ǳĬˡ
ϵӴϵŲ֮ϵĲ׳ܸо϶һѵûκεİȫС
ǵĿֲڻ¡
ϵһϵλѧԺԺɱɢӣﻹҶ֡
ѵԴУ̲סʧʱ˶ԾĿ۾
ߣôԴС۾ʱڿˣʵһߴһϢͻƵŽˡ
ʲô⻰˶סˡ
ͻˣ۾ȻؼʱͻƵŽס
۾ʵǲѾԶԿѧԺԺ
ƺϣ
ǵģұ͵ͻƵıԵͻƲֵ֡һ˵ǣҲͻˣһ˳һԪ罨ϵ۾Щ˵ЩԪɶޱصģܵõһԪϿɣȫһɽ
һڵ۾˾ȣϲѡ
磬ǲɱѧԺԺˣ˻ЩȷʵڻǵӰ֮С
ǵȻҲǽŽףһԪΪǾԴԴϵԴټǹʵҲǳĿġұϾûһɱѧԺԺİգʱ˵ҪԪҲ֪ģκδԪ綼ǺģõǴ׼С۾
˵ˣЩ۾ȡһЩ׼Ʒ
ñȲྦྷʯ֮ġ
һڵ۾ĬˣǾǵö᲻ð
۾ʱҲʲôҲΪӴϵҵһɱѧԺԺǵõĻرֻࡣ
룬úе
˵ģѧԺܿѧԺǸ͡
һ鲻ྦྷ
һһȵ֮ģһ鲻ྦྷ
ֻʮ鲻ʯˣ澧Ƕúܡ

һڵ۾ʱŷ׷˱ʾ۾ô౦ڶһЩЦݡ
Щպã۾ŵЩ׼õ㹻ɱκβླ֮µĴˡΣѧԺĺӵͷˡ
⻰˶˷
֮޵УѧԺԺҲһλࡣ
Ӯˡ
ʮ֮һֱɱϵɱѧԺԺ
۾֤
һ̵ЩڴϾһѩǰˡ
Ҫֱ֪ڣǵϵ飬˵Ц
磬Ӵϵȫˡ
۾ǵ㿭
ϵˡ
һȺӴϵĵ۾׷׵

ʮ֮
۾ˣڶɱϵ
Ǻ֮Уϵ쳹ѧԺԺɸҳһս
ţϵ鶼̲סĵһ
˭
˿ѧԺ֮еǣѾüͷûȥ鷳㵹ˡףԭͻƵŽˣֲøơ


1307 Ƕ
ӰһѾˡ
У۾ڻصš
֪ԼֻҪǣԺƬϵĵһˡ



۾˵ţһȭһȥ˲ǻΪ˷顣
ϵ飬ɪɪ
ɾʱ벻ˣֻǱеʱ䵹һȻѸٵľۺٴγԭǸӣһģһֱҲκεĲͬ
۾һһĻҲɵˡ
ʲôֶΣ
ʱҲע⵽еһӰǸӰվУеĹߡԶŤ
˵ҡ
ǣ۾Ҳֱʱŷǡ
̲סĵһͻЩη
뵽ԼһԪΪɽ˵
ˣڡ۾ߵ˵ţȫļŽ׵ΪһͷԶһ㣬֮жɱ⡣
ȵǣʱȻһޱȵӡ
ɱ۾һȶ֡
֮ռȻҪ
˿۾ǣһϯǣΪǵ
ֻǣǿųɿ۾ȴ΢΢ҡͷө֮⣬Ҳԡ
ʱֻ̽ȥһֻ֣͸ռ䣬޾ʱգͳ۾ѹȥ
Ȼ䣬ռ䶼Ǳƿһеľ붼ʧȥ塣
۾ûŪô£Ϳͷһ޴ĽɫƣֳǳתӰһǧ
¡һ졣
޿ɵֵͱȥϵѪ˲䱬֮һ
ȴռѣǧ
۾Ӱٴγˣ˿̵ȫѪգ𾪣ܣѾǽŽˣôһжӲס
սˣҲĿɿڴ
ǿ̫ǿˡ
һƺѹȥǿ۾ĽŽǿߣȻ޷֮
ڻûսҵʸûҪˣ
ǿ۾˵ţոѾ飬㻹ִԲֻһ
ֻһ
۾϶ʱŭޱȣѾǽŽ׵ĵ۾ˣôܡ
ţʱԥóı
׼Ҫ׼
֮УһŻȻˣֻɫĹâֹ۾ļƷ
Ȼһǿע۾塣
ϡһ˵ǡҽ׼
ȻͨһԪ磬ԭĵţ͸ǵŻһޱȵ磬Ǹûûк󣬾Ȼȫ½أһ޴Ĵ½һƿǸԪ־һɫĹâ֮Уϵ䶯š
˲䣬Ǿˡ
һڳɳеĴԪ磬Ҫȡܶ˵׼õ;
ǿޱȵҸоҵʵ۾˷ޱȣǣˣླ֮£ûҵĶ֡
ˣ˿̶Ϊǵ
ô죬۾õ˴Ԫӳɣڿҡ
Ҳ㡣
۾ţȭӰӶͬʱǡ
ѣǬ㸲
Ŀռ֮Уȴǲ֡
Ƭֻ֮ڣǲʵʮһս
ţֻˡ
һָʲôһָǳӰ淨λ磬ռ䣬۾ؿڵȥ
ˢһ£ȭӰ飬۾һйΪС
ֻ֮ʣһָ͸۾ؿڵһָһ˳ǹһһӡ
ۣ
۾һѪ˳˵ڲϵز
ţ⡣
ôôǿ˴ԪȻǶ֡
ǴԪ־˿ƺҲŵˣȻʼѸٵ򿪵ĴԪͨ
Ԫ־˵ĴԪ綼Ȳ顣ţһ׹⣬ˢһ³˹ȥһȭǴԪŻ
ϣң
ǴԪ綼ˣŵˣŭ
Ǹᣬһȭƿռ䣬ֱӰͨ䣬޴͸Ԫ磬ڴԪĴ½棬һĹ֡
ۣۡ
Ԫ־ϣҪ
ţԪ֮̽һֻ֣Ǿץ˹ȥ
һֳֵֻ˲䣬ֲĴԪֱֲ֮֮ס˰ڹһУת򣬶ͣˡ


1308 Ϊ
ֲླ֮£˭ֵܵ
ɾǴԪ۵һֻּסǵʱȫϸԼ֮ת
֮ɢȥ֮֮£еĽʧЧˡ
ǴԪ۵ƣҲ
ʱҲˣһֻץϵ֮֡
͵ؾͳŴԪıԴץȥ
һʱ䣬֮ԶõӰֳܱߵʮǳ
޾עǵ壬Ȼһצץס˴ԪıԴ
ôܣôܣ

Ԫ־Ѿˡ
ʮ֮һıԴĴ½˲䱻ץȡ
һĻ˶ĿɿڴŻˡ
ǿʲôǾȻһԪ־սһ˶Էʮ֮һıԴԼӶԷı˺һ޴½ء
ֱǷˡ
ɶʱ۾ôǿˣʵѾȲǿˡ
Ȼ˵УҲвٽ۾նɱġ
۵ˣνȵġ
۾ͳ۾Ǿ°Ͷˡ
ǿϵֱ繷ˡ
ϣϣҺ㲻졣
ǴԪ־һȻ߶еıԴԪ綼йɵĲ
ҪرԴ
ЦȰʮ֮һıԴȡԺȨ֮С
ҪսҲ־
֮У־۳һΣߴޱȡ
˷ŭţȥ
Ѿս׼ֻʱͻ
ֻǿպȻû谵һļµ֪Ӻδ޷׷ѰȻϵ
Ǿ̧ͷһƺ뵽ʲô¶ޱ𾪵ɫҲһ仰
汾Դ־
䣬Ǿ˲ˣеһжΪС
ȻǴԪ־Ǳ˵ŴԪȥԥġ
ˣӵı˭졣
汾Դ־ڱźϵȻ١Ԫ־󱬷ֱ汾Դ־٣汾Դ־ǰֱ̫СˡȻͺС൱ڲ༶飬ҲСλԣ۵Ļ汾Դ־̼߽⣬ӵò죬ܶᱻ汾Դ־Ĩɱ
ЩƺĪ汾Դ־ڡ
ʱϵѾ
Ӯˡ
Ԫ־ˣʣµ۾͸˵ˣǵĶ֡
Ȼ۾Ѿȫ˵ֱӾǳԶӶݡ
ֻӣ̫ˡ
ҪǶ֣г֮УһѾץס˵۾
Ȼ󣬴ǰ
Ժ۾Ѿץķ䡣
ϵѣʯĵ۾ɱչҪΪ¸𡣡
ǻ˵ţһ֣ǰͳʯĵ۾ĵ۾Ĺ
Ȼ۾
ʲô
۾Ѿµʲôæģò磬ȥ
Ļ䣬Ѿȫܿˡ
ֻ壬ʯȫΪһʯˣʱŹµ̬
ԺԶʯĵ۾Ĺǰͬһ
ϵ鿴һĻж
ʯĵ۾֮ȫΪ˱ϵֻΪԼȫߵġ
˶ȥģзȻһ걾ԴѾת
⻹вµ۾ȻǿסȴΪȫϣԺΪ۾ѣ˵ˡ
Щʯĵ۾ĵ۾ĹٴԺ󶼲˴ŵ
ˣҲһ
ǵ۾һܷŹӴϵЩ۾
ԣԲܷŹ
۾ͺ۾˿̶Ǻ
ǶӴϵĳޣԶԶǵġ
۾ӴϵʣµЩ۾ȫǶ֡
ǳ˼һ£˵ͷ
Ŀ⣬ʱܣʵ֮ǰЩӴϵĵ۾ڸ
ΧһսȴӴܡ
ǵ̽ռ֮Уת۾ץĸӴϵĵ۾
ģȴѾ֮ززˡ

ǿԳ
ĸ۾ھǵ巢һǽ۾
ֻʱȴҡҡͷ
ϵӴϵĳޣʵ̫ĸʱͱչˡ
⣬ӣΪΪϵɡ
˵ţһָֻĸת۾ͱΪһͷͷ
߸ıʵʩչѾȫһ¡
Ȼͷϳ
ٲʣֻҪڣҲ仯ֻʵʵؽʹ
һЩңԶĵطϵעĵ۾̲סĵ׷ɱ˲ͷأ˱仯Ϊ󣬻ǵ۾Ҳ̫˰ɡ


1309 ٴ׼
ǿɲЩĸѧ
ǣѧԺι
Ըİ˵
ʵҲĸ˱仯ΪĿԺ˯˴Բ˷ֻܳΪ
Ǿ
ǣԺ
ѧӦ˿һ飬ͷƿռ䳯ѧԺɱ
ٶȣֱ򼶷ɴ׷ϡ
һĻϵгѧԺǳ
ѧԺ˭ֻʵ̫ѡ
ǻصѧԺûгӴϵӴϵ̲
Ժ治̲ӴϵһûᡣѯʵֻҪǿڣ˾ܰӴϵʣµļ۾
ӴϵѾ֮
ǵӣȻû˼
ֻǵҪˣԺĽΧᳬϵ
ᳬϵ
ҲһϵĽ򣬶һЩǿкüϵĽ
ǿ۲ӣһϵĽȫ㹻ˡҪģʵôϵһʥء
ʥأ
ϳ֮ɫš
ǵģΨʥز档һ죬ѧԺϵϵΪһɹǿ϶ޱȵ˵ţҲš
ԳɾɹֹҪˡ
ҪɹĴԪ磬Լǿߣʹ֣ɹȻ
ˡ
ʱ֣صԼںһһޱ顣
Ժ֣ǳ紫ҲΪһ˵ѧԺʦΪԼԡ
ߣڤ־οԾˡ
˵ţһŴԪ־ĻӶһƬ½ء
ǴԪ־ֻʮ֮һҲ
ıڤ־Ǵ֮˷ܵڤ硣
谵ڤ磬Ѿӡ
ｨڤ磬Ѿڤ粻ôߡ
Ժ
־ʱγѾϤǵ⣬Ҳżĺô
Ϊڤ־ߣڤ־ѣֱܿӽΪ۾־
š
ףȻֻһ־Ƕۿɲӷֺ
ۣ˵Ļ
ۣǾȺҪ˵ġ
׼ɣ
ʱ˷ʱ䣬һ﷽Բ½ؿʼֽڤ֮С
ʱڤĴ䶯ϵЩʣʼš
ڤ֮зۡ߸ˣȸоֱ仯Ƕͣ
𾪣˷ܣںš
˳һºڤȫ½ڤ綼˽һڤΧĵطγһµĴ½¾ɴ½ָĵطγһԼǧף֮ˮܵڤӰ죬˺ɫɢһ˾Ϣ
δڤӣκžǽڤ֮ϵ
ʱǼ׼ʮ֮һĴԪ籾Դ֮ء
ֻ׼֮Ǵڤռڤ־Ȼ嶯ſ죬͵һͰŴԪıԴ̵˶档
Ǵ֮
ۿɼģڤ־忪ʼҲԽԽ
ڤ־ȫ۳͵ı֣Ҳһˡ
ڤĴأƺоʲôضţڤ־ĺڲ
ڤ磬ڵȴڤ־١
ڤ磬˵ڤ־壬
Ҳż֪ǼģҲôһ㣬ȴؼɱ䡣
ʱĹȥһꡢꡢһֱʮ֮󣬺ȻһǺһӤڤ硣
һ̣ڤ֮еʼγ˷硣
γ׵磬ٳˮ
ڤ־ڽӴںϽڤ磬һ˵ǡ
ڤ־ˡ۵֪˵˼ʲôڤ־۾ʼʽƹڤ硣
ȼƻ֮еҪǰ꣬Ҳʮ֮һĴԪ籾Դ
ˣΪǴԪıԴ
ڤֱԴһԺڤȫ߱˳ΪԪ
ڤ磬ѾǴԪһΣһ죬ֻӵĿ¡
ʱڤΪϵڤ磬ǵġ
۾۾ˡһֱڹעڤ־˿̲ס
ʱֻɫĹ͸ڤأڤ磬ٵʵ档
еĹϵĹ񣬶̲סĵһ
ƺһڸǣǵֻؿʼˡ


1310 ڤ֮
Ϊڤ磡
ĸִ˳ڤ־˵ĵһ仰
ƺһͯ
ǵʱĿתĿţֻ۾ڤ־ͷĳһȦͷϴһŴ·
壬ȴǲδԼžһĺӡ
ӵڤ־ԺڤʼδģҲֵ⣬Żܡ
ʱڤҲʼ˱仯
ڤĴؿʼγɽ塢꣬һЩصֲ
ڤҲ˾ˣеԽԽŨڤӵɫҲԽԽ
ˣڤĿռҲܱ䡣
ڤĴ֮£Ȼʼγһ磬Щһһ㣬ʮ˲㡣
ǿʵѾˣڤ־ܻʮ˲
ڤ־ޡ
ʮ˲磬ʮֻ߲һռȫ֮ܳΪ磬ֻеһ磬ϡ߱һжһҲСĿֻеϵһô󡣲ѾֻҪϵ䶫ȥʮ˲ȫ͸⡣
֮⣬ڤ֮ϿʼһĹϸȻ֮ޣÿһ֮ΪκţǻǾĵط
񻰴˵һĽʵ
ۣףһ֮Ҫͨݣ۳ֻءڤ־ӦÿԳ֮Ϊڤˣ˿̿˵
ֻأǺܹؼĶ
漰תԼڤ硣
̱۵ϣԺҲֻۺڤһתֻء
ã
Ӧǲ˼ľʹӦˡ
ڤʱ߶ڤбԴڤ֮أγһ޴С
оһͨһڤͨ
磬۵־оʲôҲǴ߶еıԴ˱ͬһԴ˿̻ӦͨȻٵ磬Ȼһصȥ۵־ٵ
ǳˣ
ǹ֮£ЩȥͨˣָܵԽֻͨǱɽڤ磬ڤ½ֻҪκţܽڤĺģȻٴתֻתڤ֮Ϊɡ
һУڤ־оޱƣҲ
ڵڤ磬ڤ磬Ѿʽת
Ҳʱ־ƺоʲôֻ֮еıԴһ汾Դֱ֮ӹע塣
汾ԴĶͣ汾ԴϿɡ
۾㲻࣬˿ҲǼ
һ汾Դ֮Ѿӵʮ㹻Ϊ۾־ˡ
ЩҪʱ䡣
˵ţؽ˿ռ뵽һֳ˯״ֻ̬ϵͳһ
ڤ־Ҫ
ɾʱһϤ־ڤ磬ƺ۾ƿصǸԪϢ
ƺ۾
Ƕʱüɫ΢䡣
ڤ֮УʱҲѾ۳ƺ۾Ӱ־Ρͬʱ־һȱĴԪڷţһͷһ㣬Ҫڤɵ
㾹ȻǺߵϵɱΡ
ʵĻƺ۾뽵ϵûôס
ƺ۾Ͼϵ飬ϵӡڣ׵ؽٵϵ
ƺ۾ѡʱҲܺãڤȫͣڤ־ʱʺɡ
ǵ۾û뵽㾹ȻһԪ־ĳΣԪ־̫СˣǸɵ㹻һָƺ۾ҲѾ׼ֻҪڤ־ҵĴԪԺڤȫ϶ΪһԺҾµڤ־һһλ༶ڤ־
ںϣ
༶ڤ־Ǿǲླǿߡ
һˣĻĶˡ
ϧǸΪ
ЦһѾҪƺ۾ȥ˽֮ˣҲƿڤ磬ˡ
ƺ۾ɫ䡣
û뵽ǾȻܾôɴ࣬Ҫ֪Ƕкô顣
ϾΪµڤ־ҳΪ˲࣬Ҳĺ͵󶨵һ飬Ǿһϵˡ
ֻǿϧһ˿ᶼ
ʱƺ۾Ҳŭ𣬳ǾǺڤ磬ɱңڤҲһҵҲҪܣҲҪܡ
⻰ʱȴЦˡ
ƺ۾в£ֻӰһԽռ䣬ƺ۾𾪵Ŀ֮УȻƺ۾ĴԪ硣


1311 
ƺ۾ŭˣ
ڴԪ֮ڣ޵еġҽͱųȥˡ
쳹ڤ־۵˶Ǿˡ
˭ѡֱӽһԪ磬Ϊ
Ϊʲôô˵ܼ򵥡
Ԫ־ƿصĴԪ磬һ˽ȥ֮β˵Ԫ־ܴ߶ԪԸ㣬ʵļӳʮֿµġϣʵܶ࣬ﵽѹԪ־ļ𣬲Ȼ˻˵ĴԪ硣
湥ƴԪ׵Ķࡣ
ѡԪ磬ʵҲһΡ
ƺ۾־Σڤ磬Ѿڲ֮أܻƺ۾ڤ磬ƺ۾˵ģʱڤ綼᲻ڡǽƺ۾ĴԪ磬ƺ۾ҪȫԸҲ޷ڤ־
ڰսڤƺ۾ĴԪ硣
۵Ժ֮УʱҲǵƺ۾ҪܳʱֳܷʤѧԺʱˡ
һ˵ʲôͿƺ۾ĴԪг˾˵ĺɫâ
ڹƺ۾ĴԪ硣
ƺ۾оЩȻҲ˲ʱԼĴԪҪ˻ԼĴԪ磬ͨڤĴԪͨҲǻպ
ϡƺ۾ŭס֣ҪҪ
ޱȵļܾòʧ
ڤۿʧĵطþȻ˷ǸȡĻᡣ
ʱһоͰŲƵǰ

ڤڤ紴һݹ֮ͣѧԺѧҴһڤӡʱҹͨͬʱҲΪڤһλй٣磬ʹ֮𡣡
һûô£͸оһӵӡǷ뵽ʶ
ʱ͵ؾһ
˵һӡʵȻڤһ˿Դ滹ڤ۵һЩ
⣬Ժͨӡʱϵڤۣ׼ڤۣڤ۵䡣
Ӿ˵ǣʱԼ徹Ȼһ
ƺ˺ûкġ
ʱ뵽ʲôϲֵɣɣҳΪˡ˺͹ľһ
ЩȻЩΪʲôԳˡ
ܼ򵥣Щ棬޷ɡ
ڤˣڤ൱棬תΪյĶҲˡ
ޣ˿Ҳ˷
ڤʱҲɣˣҲȫΪڤĹԱԺڤ硣
󣬶˷ܲѡ
лڤۣ
һȺ˸ߺڤ۳˸м
ڤ۵˵ͷ뵽ʲô
ڤֻת
һ֮£κ˲ڤ硣
ڶֻת֮£ת޹ɣжǿ󡣡
Ʒ񣬴ʮ˲
ڤɣκ˲Υ
ȥÿһ棬˶һ
ڤ磬ԺԲκĵط
ˣʱ飬Ӱ쵽ڤĴ

Ԫ֮ڡ
ϣܴݻԪ磬ƺ۾߶ԪıԴĿռ䣬ȫ뿪һƬ֮ڡ
ǿɲԴУ߶¯ɴԪһС
ƺ۾ͷΪ֮Ԫ硣
ΪʲôΪʲôҴ߶еıԴƺ۾ԼĴԪ֮һǣͻᱻһָӿֲˣɵ
Ȼȫûа취
ʵڵ״̬ȫһôأԳ֮Ϊ桯硣
־֮£ģתԴԴ֮
Ҳ֮Ĵڣƺ۾޲ߡ
ֻǣҲȷʵ֪ò
˭ڵԴݻһԪ磬ǲȱġ
Χǣƺ۾䣬ڳԡ֪ǣõĺôҪڤ־Ҫࡣ
ƺ۾ʩչһֵֶΣ΢΢ҡͷˡ
˻Ϳ˭Цˡ
ɾʱϵͳȻǵԺ֮Уԭˡ
⵹һϢ
̲סҲһ˿Цݡ


1312 ߸
Ϊʲô˵һϢΪĽǼǵÿһƸġ
Ƹһǿʦ˵ܰȳ
˼ת鿴
εÿһܲ˵ģʮ޵￨װǾʮλ۾
ʮޣҲعε̩ɽƽת
žһŶ򿨡ʮݿԼڴƸ
ǻʼԺƺţҲϾѧٶȼӳ45Լӳ45ʵʵĺôУƺѧְ491ҲѧԺյѧࡣ
ϵͳȡ
ǼǺԥģȡ
ѷţעա
š
ǵ˵ͷʮ￨ѾѧԺʦһγֻѧԺҲ޷ٻ
ʮ￨պãƸ
һҪƸһλɾʦС
૵ֻҪƸһϴη޼ǿߣ϶ֱԪ磬ȳȥ
ϵͳھҪʹһƸ룬˾ģƸǳҪʹõģʹá
һֻϣƸһλɾƸʦɡ
Ҳֻϣˡ
õģϵͳʹƸɹƸʦƸɹƸƸʦ̳߸
߸
ǲȻһʮ޻Ҫ
μǣлĵ񻰴˵棬ɶλĴڡ
ǴʱѾԿ϶λǵصصĽɣʮǼ
൱磬ླĴڡ
̲סϲѣǵﱤˣȻƸôǿĴڡ
ԺԺô
һ쳹ǵԺ棬ôеŮǻ
֪Ӧþ߸ˣҵ飬ӦڣǲѾѧԺ
߸ǵģԭѧԺһصĵطѧԺأղŻмѧҵء˵ԺأҸȥ
ӻУǾܸо߸档
ƴôû뵽ĵط
ұһԪ磬ʱزȥ˵ûа취ƿԪ磬ҳǳ˼£Ƕ߸˵Լʵ

߸סȻƺĬ
ʱǺȻǰĿռ˲ƣȻȻһ澵ӵĶ
棬ֳһΪꡣ
߸ô
ϸһ룬֪ˡ
߸ƺҲںĿİȻҸôԶܹȥһǹͱԪ磬ҹȥ
ףѧԺƸʦ޷뿪ѧԺģϵͳ涨ġ
ѵûа취ˣ
Щ߸ֶҲޡ
ɾʱ߸۳һǹƵĳǹҲûа취һǹͶȥҲܰƴԪ̸Դ
ⶼУ
ǺǺǣЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ժ׼Ҫˡ
ã
ӦҲʱ򣬴ѧԺڵĴԪ֮Уһǹ˳˲֪ٲĿռ䣬͵ڵĴԪ硣
ʱֻһ붼Ѿˡ
ʲô
ƺ۾һֻһâƿһУЯһ޷ݵĴԪ硣
ʱĴԪͿʼ

ƺ۾ţ˭Ҫʲô
뵽ˣֻһֿܡ
༶飬ֻǲླ֡
ôһˣӴܣĴԪӡ
˭˭ţ˷ߺޣһûгΪ࣬Ҳ
һʱ䶼ûУâ֮»Ϊ˷ɻҡ
Ԫ֮еǣҲǸоǻصҲɱʣʱоԪʧЧˣﻹԥǳԶȥ
ͷʱѾĿɿڴ
ԪǱļһûˡ
еһУһ֮¶ˡ
ԺԺ㻹ô߸ȻƵ˵ҾһӣҲ֪ɹûУ֪Ͷõˡ
ش⻰˶ˡ
⻹һӣҪʹ㾢ǲҪˡ
߸ǿĲ񻰡
ڣһڣϻѧԺǰŻشǲ߸˵һллȻҪԪܾá
뵽Ҫ˵е߸ˣǻǺڴġ


1313 ɾż
֮ǰץȡһѵ˲ٵĺö
Уƺ۾֮һԪ籾Դڤ磬־Ǵ֮
ױҲʮ
æЩӰһصѧԺ
ҵ߸
ֻڵ߸ЩЦá
ȻѧԺҿĻǶƬ߸档
ǸоԼ۶߸ˣһɼĴ񣬾ȻҲῴһĽζġ
һһ߸Լ
߸۰
߸ʱ򻹻ȻֻһƬƬβ
߸ųǵС߸ӢС߸ҪߣºȺ󣬰Ƕħ֡
һȥĽŲû˻
̫ˡ
ףԺˡ߸ʱ㷢ǣ˷ܵվ
ţˣǣָָԡ
濴ô˵ҵģû뵽ô¸¡߸˷ޱȡ
ȷʵ
ڤ罵٣ƵѧԺԺ˭֪Щ˵еѧԺ
һѧԺڵ඼ᾪֺ
ѧԺھôôӲ
ȵȻٿȸһѧԺһڿε顣ǻϾһλƸʦһλɼģ϶Ҫڿεġ
һֻһʱ䣬һ֮߸ɾҪ뿪ˡ
ʱܽ˷ƸС
ڿΣʲôΣ߸ʱȴǾֵȫû
ʦġǺ˵
Ŷԭʦ߸ͷȻε˵ҲᰡҴһܵǿԡ
һǳ߸Ҳ֪ϵͳĸ߸Ϊģ;ģʮΪʲôɡ
ǻǺĸ߸ѧԺ
һ·˵ţԺ칫ҡ
ѯʵ̫ӣ֪ʲôΪ
ҲǷּģ߸ļӦòͣͦġ
߸ʱʱԺ˴޽ɡ
޽ɣ
һĸʵ̫ˡ
ɷ־ż磬һнһΪͨɾ磬ϸΪɡ̫ҽɺʹ޽ɡͨĽɣѾפഺϲ֮ⲻУͨ棬Ĵ޽ɡ
˵ΪԺ
ǵ˵ͷѯϵͳõľ绮Ҳġ
Ǻľ绮أ
氡߸ʱڳһЩη֮ɫĽɾ磬ļ֮ΪԪɾ磬ϸΪԪɡԪ̫ҽɺͻԪ޽ɣлԪҲ֮ΪʥԪ̫ҽɱ֮ΪʥԪ޽ɱ֮Ϊʥˡ
ʥ
ʥ
ʥˣ
ջĵĴ˵Ů洡塢Ӧòʥ˾硣
ǽɾż滹ء
Ǽʵǽ߼ɾżأ
߸ʱЩصԪ޼ɾ磬ϸΪԪ޼ɡԪ޼̫ҽɺͻԪ޼޽ɣǸĵ̹ŴӦþģҹҲֻǽ߼ĻԪ޼ɡ
Ѿ΢΢üͷ
ĵ񻰴磬ǿҲ޷ﵽ۷岻ࡣ
ʱϵͳǵԺ棺ʹ֮һȫ֮֮ƽɾżǳ硣
ǿЦãϵͳ⵹濴
ЩǲԼԺ֮еĲླӦ
ĲླͬΪżӲһ׵Žףֱ֮ΪλλλԲ񡢴Բ񡣲֮УླĽϵѾ࣬˵ླ߽ϵߵˡ
ǶԼɵľ绮֣ȫȻء
֪ѡ
ǽֺ߸֪࣬߸ķ򣬾Ȼ˸𡢱仯ַ֣ûںϵһ飬ĿǰߵȼҲǱ仯ǿﵽ˶ȷļںϵһ飬Ǹо˵ܴɱһֶĶȷ
ַʲôô

߸ҡҡͷĹʵ࣬Ǹиظ
ȻͲµЩЩʧ
ֱӸ淨Ȼ˲𣬿˹һомѭҲøסԺ֮ȾҪѹǧҪжӦĹ
ֻڹҲûУǽ߸ôأ


1314 ߸
Ǻͷۣ˭߸ûз޼ֽ
˵磬нôкԿý߸ôûѧһء
ԺҪȥѧϰһ£߸˼
Ҳֻˣȸʦѧѧһºȸ㰲һԽЧ룬ĿǰҲֻˡ
ϣһúѧϰʱúý
š
ǵ˵ͷô˵ҲǴ޽ɣѧѧӦѧɡ
߸ȥѧϰˣӣǶҲġ
ʱпհʮ޸ٻˡ
ʮ￨ƣȫʥɾ磬൱Ľ۾
ǿع˶ﵽʥɾżλŽ׵ĵ۾
ǽûԥֱʮ˵һֹͰʮλ޸ٻ˳
عε̩ɽƽתγǰ
ʮڤ磬Եùɭɭġ
ʮ޼Ժ
š
ǵ˵ͷʮ˻⡣
뵽Լʮ˵İţҲĨǣֱԵڤ紴ֻתԺй·;ΪеʮޣӦڤ硣ԣһǰŵڤȥǽǻԭ˵еڤ磬ڤԽԽǿ󡣡
ʮ˵˵ͷְš
ǵĻû꣬ǱϾѧԺʦҪʦְ𡣵ڤ֮ǽʮ޵ֻǺ粻һʮ޵Ǵڤ繦ѧĵطԺÿһЩ꣬ҶһЩѧԺѧƼѧ
ʮʱϲѡ
൱ڣԺڤҲѧԺԴء
ˣڴȥڤ硣˵ţӰһֱӽڤ磬ʮλںš
ǰڤ磬ڤ۵ĸȻǴӡ
ڤ۸оǵĵ˳ǣһ
ڤۣʮʮޣԺפڤ磬ڤĴС񡣡
лԺ
ڤۿ˿ʮˣʮ˶ʥΪЩϲ
ʮڤ磬ҲͰȫˡ
ˣʮ˷ֱȥѡȡط޵һӦˣѧԺʦ֪ͨǡ
ǣԺ
ʮӰһѾڤʮλ
ǰźЩԼƺ۾֮һԪ־ж֮һڤۣ֮һ׼ۡ
ȻͻصѧԺ
ʱȥת۾͵һº
ѧԺ֮кȻΪ⵽߸ӣѾķϺܾõĵٴó
˵ôν߸񡣡
ʲô˵ˣ¶ڱչذɣѧԺͷͨ档ֻԽΣҲ֪ΪɶԽ
ǲԽ϶ʱһҪȥռλӡ
ǺǣλӲȥռģûʵȥ
ʲô˵
ĻѾ¶ѧʱ䣬֮ǰ޼ʦʱ򣬲˿ǰλӣˮֱҲֻܿš
ðɣһ̫ˡ
ѧԺĸһȺѧš
ʱҲټ˸ѧԺĳѯʵ߸飬ôˣ
룬ش߸ʦģ˵Ѿҵ˽ľ裬һܸѧǽһô£̹ĵĿγ̡ĽγҲˣҵָ֮ϡ
һôоôж
ȻǳָϣӦûЩϵģӣ
֣СѧѧϾǿɶųɵġ
ڣڶ쵽ˡ
һǶˣѧԺѧֻҪѧԺģҲˡ
Ҧܡ׾Ȼһȱ
ѧԺʦҲȫˣһλ޽ɼʦҲ
˵
Զճҫ۵ĺ⣬ֻ֮б鲼ƣ֮ϣ߸Ųȷ֣úӧǹǬȦ
ϣһһĻ
ѧǿʼߺ߸֣߸Ҫǩġ
ȴЩЦã˵һ޽ɣξҪƣҲҪôźô
˵עĿ֮£߸䵽˽̨ϡ
˿̵һׯ£ﻹǰӣ˴˿̶Ծ뵽һʡ
ۡ
̳񣬾Ӧӡ
߸ƣһӣȻϥʼ˽
˴˿̶ޱڴýһܾʡ
϶ġ
û飬Ǳ߸Ҫʼˡ
ֻϿ֮ǰȸҽһҸ⻹ĸ޹ǻĹ¡
ǣ
ѧǣ
ʦǣ


1315 ˰
߸Ѿ˷ܵؽֱӴˮأٵĸ⻹ĸ޹ǻ
ɫĽͨӳɣ˶뵽⾳֮С
һ½꣬СѧѧѾж鲻вѧҲ۾ʪڸвѧȻôױжģ˿Ҳһ仰˵
ֱ˵ķΧ֮С
Ĳ֪˵ʲôˣ̨ϵ߸һܵӡ
𾪵Ŀ֮Уֻ߸½ˣҼҽһĹ£ҪǽǶΡ
˾úõؽѵҪɹ»ᡣ
߸ʲô̲ס߸
ʦǸңҪѽһѧԸȥջ㿴ҵĽɹѧһжĲУضˡ߸˷ܵ˵
ǲţ߸ѧϰĳɹ
ֱûˡ
ٴδһѧԺǴ򣬲ǹ»ᡣĲὲͰͷͨһ¡
Ҳû취
Ǿ߸ƸʦԺרŰһֽʽС
ðɣ
߸⻰ʱЩȤȱȱˡ
Ҫͷͨıͨʵ̫£ǳвϵѧҲֻǿ
ҲϸţͬʱԺ֮ڲͨ
ò˵ͨǺġ
ͷ۵ı֮£ֳˡֻ۾ǻĿͷ˫Ŀ֮ܶһСм˫Ŀ·ܿ죬ܿʮ˲ұߵ˫Ŀںڰ֮Ҳ
߸˳㽲ͷ۵ͷ˱ۣͷ˱Եø١
ѧвһЩţֻЧ޼ɽʱˡ
ڶ졣
ǰ߸Ӹۣۺúø߸һʲôǽ
º߸ĵڶνڴɹ
ҪҲ߸߸ƳһȫµĽʽǾͨսķʽ
սܽġ
߸ǧͬʱÿһѧսЧǺõ
ǵ֪֮󣬺ο
ֱ߸Ҫ뿪ѧԺʱ㽲ʮεһִ˲˵ġ
ԺҪˡ
͡
Ժûʲô˵ˡ
ûС
ԺҪӵһ°ɡ
ˡ
Ժ
㵽߻ǲߣ
ʵû뵽߸߸һ졣
һ棬ʦҪƵߡ
ðɣˣȥ֮󣬾û޾չֱˡ߸ţЩįȻʧˡ
뿪ѧԺصǸ硣
߸Щ˼
΢΢һЦҲͲˣԵԺ϶ټ
ʱ䣬ѧԺٴλָƽ
ʱҲȥ
һꡢꡭ
ʮꡢʮꡢתһꡣ
ֱ꣬꣬˰֮
ôʱ֮󣬵Щ࣬ûɾģѾȥеĽڤ磬еֱӻɢҲѾˣĽ࣬ѾΪϵǰʮĴ
ѧԺĴҲԽԽ٣ʮһεʮһΣٵʮһΣȻڵһһΡѧԺ׳һ˵еĴڣǼ棬ܿѧԺϢдѧԺһЩѧʦġ
ǣһЩճѾ޴ӵ֪֡
ʱ䣬Ȼĥһеġ
ʱ䣬Ҳ档
ЩЩ飬˵˰꣬һ꣬ȥب
ڵѧԺ֮УҲѾӣвѧѾһǧ֮
ʲô
һ꼶ѧǾΪ൱ڻ߾硣
ж꼶ѧǾԪΪ൱߾硣
꼶ѧǾʥΪ൱ڽ۾硣
ĿǰѧԺж꼶ѧҲϰˣǸ꼶ѧȴȻһûС
߾磬۾磬ʵ̫ˡ
סҦܡˣȫԪɾżҲﾳŽס
ͻƣȱһԵ
ǵΪѾûܹ֪޷²⡣
Ǵ˵ʮǰ˽Ž׵Ϊϵ֮д۶û߹һС
˿ǵİ칫棬ǿ˿ǰˣҩʦҸոʶֵʮŶ棬һϵ츳꣬ȥһ¿ˣƷԺʣͰнѧԺϢ


1316 
ҩʦȻǻҩʦ
˰֮ѧԺҲ˼ʦ棬Իҩʦ깫ʦΪ깫ҪǸһεѧԺҪҩʦȥˣܷͨ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
Щ¼ȡ֪ͨģҲ츳ѧ
һ㣬ҲҪǼ츳С
ҩʦܿͳˣķɴһҴСֻкǼٶȿ򼶵ݡ
ʮŶϣҩʦΪܷḻʦ֪βһ˵Ʒԡ
ȻƷ¡
ҩʦ趨ΣһǼΪһʰһܷڳеΡ
˵һΪе覴ãλ߶û⡣
Ȼԡ
ҩʦ趨һ򵥵ΣÿͻȻ˺ƣһҵĴ󽱣ȻǴ󽱱ᣬԼҲ˱˴˫ȣΪ˷ˡ
ƷϣԲ¼
ҩʦ˼һ£żȻΪȻ˴˫ȣֲ֪ڸģԱʱͶλʧ֮
㣬˭˹ͻȻֲ֮еĻҩʦʧ
Ƿֵλϵ츳ѧһλӵж֮һѪͳİࡣ
˿̵Ǿ֡
ѧԺʦϵһУʵǶĿˡܱǸûͨѧԺĿˡҩʦ˵ţƴ˹Ϲȥ˹˫ָ˹ˣѾָԭϣԺܺúѧϰȡΪĶ
˵֮󣬻ҩʦֱ뿪ˡ
˹⻰ϾҪμӸ߿ˣ֪ܲѧԺ
ŽȥĵطȻʧȥһᡣ
ԺҲеڶλˡ
ѧԺ֮Уҩʦʱǻ㱨Ŀ̺ûκε顣
Ǿɣ
ǰ˰֣˵ʲô
츳ãƷԲѵѧĶˡ˵Ҳһϵ츳ѧѣѧԺ棬ϵ츳ѧҲмʮˡ
ΪѧԺѧҪĻƷԣһֱѧԺѭԭ
ϵ츳ѧУ򼶵ѧҲС
硣
μһ򼶵Ļ飬龹Ȼٶλ۾ϯٶϵ
ĹλΪܿ£ǰ벽ླ硣
ʲôǾǽʮϵһ
ϵһȣǲֵһᡣ
Щ棬۾԰㣬иǿصĲླ顣
λ۾ټǹʵҪ˵һ飬һص顣صʲô̶ȣ˵ǹϵЩϵΪ춷ڵ춷Ĺ˳۾
⻰ٶλ۾ȫһȫš
ʲôص飬ȻܹϵٶϵҲ̫ˡ
ǿλĹ˿̾ȻȫûȻҲϿ춷˵
һ̣˶
춷ʱҲٳɣܼ򵥣֪Ƿ񻹼ǵһǧɽλ۾ʵţѾɽĿģǾǴͨһӽ彮ɽͨýɽ򡣡
ٶλ۾˿̶ǲš
֣
ôܣʲôʱ顣
ҲüͷʵǰʱǾͺ˵˵Щƺʲôһ˲õͨɽȡ
ˡ
ĴΪʲôֻЩ۾Ӧðɽĵ۾ټһԲ߲ǡ
黹ûеһ֮ǰҲûռЩֵȽԶѡϹۡǲУΪνֵЩϵġ춷˵ţֱһͼȻעһλá
ȻȻһ۾ʧΪǴϵȻ͸ϵ
λôںӴϵȽҵǣ򿪵ͨܲȶĿǰĽǿҲǰ벽۾Ϊ춷ֻҪЩ۾һֱͣĹȳĿ϶Щϵ⻹ֻĿǰ˭֪ûмӹͨİ취У˵ʲôʱͻе۾Ľ
⻰˶ޱء
˿Ǻܿµģ֮ǰֻһ۾ɱ˼ʮλɽĵ۾
ԴԴϵĽ۾Щϵȷʵܿ군


1317 Ͷ
ûдݻͨİ취ѯʵ˶ǰһ
԰ֻҪݻͨǾͰȫˡ
һݵ顣
ݻͨȻǲð
һȺ۾Ⱥ˵

ʱѵû취ôݻǸͨвླֲУںӴϵûвڡϵǱص飬Ҳ޷ںӴϵ֡Ҳǽ۾ѡںӴϵռ涴ԭǿûа취ݻͨ
ô
ںӴϵĲأѵܴ֮лô
ˣˣԺɽҲҪһսˡ
սϵС
ÿһսĵųֹսʱᵼĴϵ˻ٵ
ںӴϵܱΪһսΪںӴϵĴϵսټҹҪ֯ǰںӴϵ֣ػɽϵ춷˵
ֻ˵ԥϾ鲻Ը
춷˿ҲɽΨһһްɽּ⣬˭ǲӣǾɽơʱɽ˳ҾȰɱˣڵĴϵΪƽء
ٶλ۾˿Ķĵһ
ްӵʮϵһͳߡ
˵Щϵĵ۾춷ڵ춷ɽǰҲǲһּ
Ͼ춷ҲǾ
֮ϣгм䶼һ㼶ء
һɽּ⡣
ԣһӡ
ȥ֮Ǿ齨ӡ
һȺ۾ʱ׷׵ﻹ˵ԵĻ
춷ʱ⣬ȻҲǰ׳֣кôġ
ô
Ȼ£˶Ǽ
Ҫ֪ɽҪ飬ɽóţһëĶҲĶˡ
ɽĹģɱ壬ͿԵõѫɱԽ࣬ѫҲԽࡣ⹦ѫԶһа༶ĹͱԴȥɽؾʸ񡣾ģʱһѫһ嵥һ֪ˡ
ѫ
༶
ɽؾʸ
һ˲䣬˶ĵ׼
ЩԵĴϵԴƶ񤣬ЩޱĶ
ʱһ༶۾
춷˵֪֮ûɽЩ۾ҲжΪλ۾춷ҪΪ˷ߡǵ۾ҲһȫΪ˹ѫֵΪɽЩ
Ȼö˵ֱɢᡣ
Ҫ뿪һȴǳǰʲôû˵Ⱦͳһ
ӽ¸ӴϵĿǰΪߵĵ۾Ϊ
Դ۾նɱλ۾ǱΪӴϵʵѾʵڣӴϵʣļλ۾Ҳʶ࣬Ȼûֱ˵ȴѾȫΨѧԺհ˵ǾǳΪѧԺĸϵ
¸۾ʲô飿ѯʵ
ʵѧԺӴϵ
ѧԺҪˣš
ÿۿӴϵսսģ;ȫûбҪ
ԺںӴϵѧԺ߶չˡ¸۾ε˵Ӵϵûţ۸Ǻ顣ȻѾѧԺĸʱ˵Щ޿ɺǡ
չ˾ˣ͵ǻɡ۵⻰˵Ǹ˰¸۾档
ǾǻӴϵͬȵλãûаǿԼĸ
˵ҲΪѧԺһѧԺǲӦʲô򻮷֮˵ġǵܾһ
ʵºӡӡԼ巺Ӵϵļλ۾ҲЩҴ۾
Ŷʲô
ۺЩϵĴϵɶʱִյһ顣
Σܸòɵϵ˰ɡ
ѧԺˣԺκ鶼ѧԺΪ¸ʱǹ˵˳
˵ˣһͶˡ
ʵҲһֽѣϾѧԺ̫ǿˣͶܱÿĵõöࡣ


1318 ն
ʱԾЦˣȴǿЦ
֪ߵıҲѧԺûôЩϵĵ۾֪ѧԺлǵʵԼסˡ
ֻǶѧԺǲκͶġ
֮ǰҲͺǿΣѧԺһѧԺһռκһκһء
ѧԺ˾ˣ͵ϵ˰ɡںӴϵʱ򣬻һ»ǿԵġ۳˼ãڿڵ
ԺЩϵҲڵѧԺ޹ء
ҲУһȥ͸ǡ
¸۾ûʧ䣬Щ˷ܵѧԺϵһ¡
ðɣԼ˵ĸо
صѧԺ۰е˵ˣʲôı顣
Ƭֻ֮ǻȻϵôг⣬ԺѧԺ˳ϵȥ
϶û⣬ǹ֮á
ۿ϶ޱȵ˵ѧԺЩϵˣǾʹѧԺĶûһ뷨
ȻѧԺͲǴϵѧ
ţֻϴһһεŹȥʮ꣬´Ҫʮ꣬Ҳˡǵ˵ͷأ˵ɽȥ鿴
ҡҡͷ
ںӴϵϵʵ̫Զм˿һϵûüȥ鿴
ûоûаɣ춷ĵӣҲҼٴɽ϶ġȻǾ׼һ£ֱ˹ȥɡѧԺѧҲһȽϺõᡣǵ˵ţˣŰɡ
뵽ʲôλҪһе˹ȥС
ԺҾ͸ˡ
۲˵ʲôת뿪Ҫȥ֪ͨϵЩ֯ӡ
ңԶĺ棬
ȻǵӰǰⲻǵֻһͶӰѡ
һվԺ
ǵ˵ͷ˰ˣҲﾳ۷壬ٶѾһţͻƵ۾磬ǲһЩ򡣵۾Ҳʥɾ磬ѾֻͻƵģؼһָһֶ汾Դ⡣
Ժʧˡ
ʧ̸ϣҲҵԤ֮СһõĻᣬɽһ涴ɽĿǰǿĽҲﾳʺһԣҴӹȥ
һʹ
ţ׼һ¾ͿԳˡ
˵꣬۵ͶӰʧˣ˿̻ѧԺ
ֻǴ˿̵ǣȴЩͷ
Щ޷ͻƵ۾磬ʵǺģҪΪĹ̫ǿˣǹ̺ıԴһģںɱ棬ֻһַİٷ֮һͻƵ۾硣
ҲΪֻˡ
һ֮
ϵںӴϵĴ͵㣬ɡ
ͨ͵㣬ϵĽӿֱӵںӴϵıԵش
ֻͣҪʮӡ
ĴϵͬˣɽרĴ͵㣬ֳԶĴͣǾּ
һϵսʼ봫͵㣬Ȼһ
ѧԺѧҲǳɴûԵöô⡣

ʮ֮ںӴϵıԵ
ˡ߳սɫƽһȻ˲乵ͨʮںӴϵȻЩΪ۾˴ںӴϵ
Χˣȴȫ޷
ʶ֮£鲼ۼףŶǣ˫ǵ
ǿģѾﵽ˰벽۾ľ磬СģҲﵽ⾳
ǽ壬˸ϲ֮Ϊħ
˵ȡ¼ѫֵնˡ˳Ǻ
ǱߣѾвȡνնˡ
˵ͷϾȡѫֵģⶫҪģʹ˹ȥˡ
ܿ죬ǾͼνնˣСűţǵնˣѾʮλˡ
Ҹǽһʹնˣܼ򵥣ťһһɫĵ㿪ʾڵĹѫֵɫĵ㿪ʾһƷб˵ŲֻǰֳһĻֻаƴСȴҲȫԲģƷƷһ
ӻȥʱѾһƬ
˶һƷƷŵˡ


1319 
ֻƷ棬ǰʮĲ༶ռһ롣
ҵȼͣȫǴ񼶹
֪Ĺ棬༶ԻΪС񼶡񼶡񼶡𼶡һִ񼶵Ĺһϵ߼𹦷ˡǰһӳִ񼶹֪ߵĳжǾǰһϵĲƸ۵һ飬ڷǰ
˲༶һȫǱ
һױԴ
Ҫ֪ǷǱֵǿȶױԴ
֮⣬Ҳȫޱȵıһȵ֮ġ
ǽܵӿ˵ı飬ЦЩǼˣֻҪǻ㹻ĹѫһЩƶһƷУа벽񼶵Ĺжȵ֮ģױԴ
벽񼶹
ȵ֮ģ
ױԴ
˵ĿˮҪˣֱ̫Ķˡ
ѧԺѧЩʱҲ̲סĶ
ҲһʲôǺܸȤΪǳ书Ѿ𼶵ġǶȵ֮ģЩ֮֮۶ɵıܰ߸Դ򣬾˵һŶȵ֮ģϾа˳ɵĻͻƵ۾硣
ȵ֮ͻƵ۾˳ɿ϶ܣеġ
ϳһ˿֮ɫ
Ҫǳ书̫ǿˣͨǳܻķǶȣȵ֮˵а˳ɵĻͻƵ۾磬ǲǶͨ˵ġһȵ֮ģŻ߰˳ɵĻͻƵ۾ֻһȵ֮ģɽһţΪһȵ֮ģֻһЩǿĴԪ֮Żγɡ
ӽ¼ѫնˣѽҲ˵һ顣
ںӴϵѾ֮һĽ򱻽ռ졣
ǵɱǡ
۾ʱ֣Ƕǵ
ѫڵǣڵǣǻڵʲô
˵󣬼Ǻ˳
ǱߣһҵսѾɣںӴϵ֮С
սʼˡ
֮һϵս棬񵭵ȫʼɱħ
ĻһѧԺѧ뿪˷ɴ
תֻۣʣԼ
ҲжˣĽȼ̫ͣʺңҪĿСţݷɴǰȥ
ΪںӴǵĿռȽңɴ޷пռԾ£ŵ˱ȽϺĵ򣬶Ҳʼ߾Ľħ
Զһɽ棬һ׵Ľߣ˿ץߡ
ûмŻɱߣϷŪǡ
֣Ǽֻ֣ܳΪǵʳߵſһ̣Ȼİһ߸̽˶ӡһߣѾŵĻ겻壬ǽôʵ̫̣̫Ѫˡ
֮󣬽촽¶Цݣζһԣ
⻰ʼȫûá
һߣߵĶ֡
ɾʱһ˵ĹâҫأŽ߷
˭
ߴһǶ㿪ǲ֪ʲôֱӲĿףȻĽ˺ˡ
ߣǴϲ
ǶȥѭſȥǾȻһͨҰݶѡ
ֻһҰݣΪʲô
ߴ˿۾ԶȥѾ
ʲôˣ
ʵ˾衣
ոһ֮ӡ
ѧԺ񡣡
񵭵˵ţ˵壬ܼʶһˡ
ʶҿ
һǾȻһѴ󿳵
˵ţѾɱ
߿һĻп಻֪ߵǶô
ߵĵʱֻٴγһҰݣӭŽߵĴ󿳵ն˹ȥ
ݽһȴ˴̶
ӶʱסҲǴһ
֣
ϵҰݷɹâת˲ͰѽߵĴ󿳵ˡ
ȻҰݻһʮֱ֣˺˽ϵۼס
ʹʹ
ߺѸٺˡ
˿̵ѾŵĻ겻壬һ֣ȷʵǾ֮ϡ
ӣԥҪߣıѾһ˫
ң㻹ߡ
˫ִһķԺ֮гΧӰЩһָӵʿ


1320 ƴ
һʮ貵Ĺâ
ͬʱ磬ӦʮŵǷһǳ֮סܵĽߡ
ô£ô߲ˣ
أϺء
ˣˡ
߻ֲ̿ѣԼֻһСķΧ֮ƶǱ˷һ
ɵĶԲԣ
Ϊʲôܲ

Żˣǰ̫ˡ
ʱѾߵǰûмŻɱߣǵң
⻰Ц롣
üҰһֱն˶ԷһֱۣʱѪɽ

Ϊʹʹɫ
˵ǲ˵
λȻΪҰٴһնһֱۡ
˵
ҡͷͷͦӲģҿֵܼʲôʱ򡣡
ҰնʮӣʮƬ⡣
߲ҽȴȻΪ
ͣ૵һ߾磬ԶˣƤ֮ȻܳܵסҰץȡںĵĻϿ㻹ܲܳܵס
룬Ҳóѵģ
ȻͿѸٵ̮ȻȻֱӻΪӡ
Ȼɱˡ
þȻֲ忴й
ûеõԼҪ鱨ʧ
һսҲ˽ԣϵۼĺܼӲƿ
ݼҲȷʵģһ߾Ľ壬ϵۼѾȫ޾һԭϧ񣬶ΪҲֻﾳĽףͱ̫࣬˿̱ɱҲȻ顣
ˡҹӣ˹
ʲô֣ѯʵûаնˣܸǺһˣںӴϵԭס
ҽаؿƿˣںӴϵߡؿƿ˻
ʱ򿴹ںӴϵϣںӴϵһʮλѵڣֻʣԼˣѯʵ
ֹԼˡؿƿ˴˿̽ȭͷȻȻ͵س¹ˣ취ȾȲĹǻ౻ץסˣʱ֮
ʲô˼Щ⡣
ʵǱһ֧ľӸռˡΪ׵Ľ彫ץڵĲ񣬰ǵʳﴢҺ͸ոյһλߣʵǱʹ͸λߵġλúõǣڻǲĹؿƿ˵ѾԵý֡
ÿһÿһ̣ܶĲȥ
һͻ£ھǰ㱨ܲӶˡҡҡͷԮ϶ǲС
ӹҲֻķɹ
ʱҪ£µʱ䣬ڵĲˡ
ô죬ˣȫˡ
ˣǿ˰
УǣֻһϣҲҪǡ
ؿƿ˴˿Ҫһ״ε˵
ǽжˣʲôʵ˼Ƭ֮ʵ
аʮˣΪ͵⾳ǧˣ߾Ҳʮλûе۾ؿƿ˻˵ȫǻеڻشĻ
ʮ
֣˵಻࣬˵Ҳˡ
ҲʮλĲһλ߶ûС
Ǹ彫¶ӦﾳŽ۷Ϊؿƿ˳˼һ£˵
ֻôǺãȻҲֻˣǾһȥ˰ɡ˵ţǾȻһĨЦݡ

ؿƿһæҡͷУԲУ
ȻˣҲΪʵ
񲻾һЦǲܵģǿɱʬƬҰ߰ɣǰ·
ؿƿ˲֪˵ʲôǼˣȴǸоˡ
Ҫ֪ǿǰʮ壬ʮλߡ
񿴵ؿƿԥǰļңѧԺѧûаյ顣
ٴ˵ѧԺؿƿƺһ֡
ƺǴϵԶһϵĵطѧԺϵһѧԺ
йѧԺһЩ¼ֻȴǲˣϾʱҲûôϡ
ãƴˡ
ؿƿҧҧȾˣڲѹϡ


1321 Ӫ
ս棬ؿƿԵЩн
࣬ҲµΪ
ӭսһ֧ӵﾳŽߵĽӣ²ﾳ۷ս
²ǰ벽۾һλ۾
ȥսطʱҡ˵ţʼ̲ոջɱߵջ
ȵǹѫն棬ĹѫֵѾ0ʾ42000
ɱһߵĹѫҲͼ
һ֮ľҪһǧĹѫֵζٻҪɱǧĽ߲С
ǽĿռָ澹Ȼҵһٶ鲻ʯһ鲻ྦྷ֮ϲʯͲྦྷ֮òҪΪմȾ汾ԴϢԾ鶼ҪòʯͲྦྷҪǳ书ܻһָߵȷҲⶫ
УǾһױԴˣֱһѴ󿳵һѴͷ
ǲҪԴȴԽѧԺЩȡ㽱ڣҲȱ㣬ҪΪһֱһ츳ƬǰڵĶһҪ㲢ߣǵ˺ȴԽԽߡ㣬Լ츳򼶣Ҫѵ㾹ȻǰһҪܺͶҪࡣ
̵ջ֮ʼһ鲻ʯ
ʯͲྦྷ֮еӵĸ߼һ֮ģԲ̺汾ϢЩǱ뵽ʱʱĹȥת۾һ죬ʯʱҲΪ˷ĩȻ˲ǳķأռȴҲֻмڷ֮һʵ̫١
˼ַͨʽͻƵ۾磬ҪǧĲʯһ鶼ӵôĲʯ
ͻƷʽҲǰٷ֮ٵģܿҲ޷ɹ

ˣˡؿƿ˴˿̼Զһž޴򣬰뾶ʮ˿һѪɫ֮УͬʱΧͣżǧսЩսڿһЩϸȥǾȻһС磬ھһһС澹ȻȫǲĹ
Ȼֻһ߾Ľ˳һץץһС硣
˴˿̶¶˾ֵɫ֪ԼˣҪǱץߣǿ϶Ǳʳ
˺ȫ޼¡
ڽǲȫͰԼȦԣǲŻΪʳ
徹ȻײС
Ѿüͷ֮ȻҲʳ󣬿һӰһʳģǾ޽еġ
һ̣Ѿ˱ɱľġ
ˣ˿ˣ
ؿƿѾͲסк
á
˵ͷһҲ֪ٵˡ
һԾͳȥǱߵĽǻûв񡣳ʱһӣѴС綼뵽Լ֮СǬ֮ȴݳѡ޵ģμԪӴɵǬ֮ǲࡣ
˴ĶǱߵĽڷˡ
֣
䣬䣡
ʮľѸٵļžͰΧסˡ
ɲЩǬ֮ٴʩչȡһЩС硣
ɾʱһֲĵն
һоһǱըһΣϢλĽˡ
ȥȡС磬Ѹٺˡ
һ˲һСֱӱٵļڲŻΪ˷ɻҡ
Ǹ
ŭѾνĽ彫
ףɫĶͷƣɢһɶһ׳ս
ؼۼףȻ⣬Ǹ߽׽е
¶
죬ڡ
¶Ҳǽ彫˿̹Ц֣˵ұɣҿˡĽʿǣҺôһɱˡ
䣡
ɱɱɱ
𣡡
һȺʿǺ˷ޱȡ
ˣؿƿ˲ЩŵˣʱֻһӣͰҲյ֮С
ɣΪҵʳɡ¶˷ܵسսϵնĵγһӣֱӰ档нʿһĻ˷ܣеĽ嶼㵸
ֻǸţ˾ͷǵ뾹Ȼ˺⣬еĵȻ⵲˻
ǡ¶Ȼ
ţͿ˺֮е
ƣ
ʱһȭ˹˲еĵǻΪ˷顣


1322 Ǻһָ
¶˿̴һȭĺŵѸٺ˰
ɱȥûͣ
ﾳŽף
¶ΪϾʱѾΪˡ
һŻǿյһ㣬ǧǺӶǱ
һײ
¶ŭҿǸߵȽ壬ķܵһһױԴǴ񼶹ѵ᲻Ķ֡
ڰ¶˽֮Уɽ߶ĺܡ
ķǿĹҲǿȫѹͬߡ
ţΪߵȽš
ĳӶһ˵ԲһԲһԲֱӳǧԲǧԲཻһ㣬ڻǳ

¶
ǺӣȫԲ֣һʯΪ飬ʮұսҲǱг롣
䣡
֪ĸʿĽʿŴǵĽô
˿̵Ҳǰ𾪡
¶ʩչֵӦС߾һСɼ¶츳Բ͡
񲢲η塣
ǲ༶ô˵ѧԺѧʮ֣ԴĶ֡
УֻǴ
ɢ
һֻǳȻѿ
һΪֻΪŸ
תۣǱ˾ſŴǡ
һ仯¶ֹʧȥĿ꣬ð¶һֲõԤС
Ȼڰ¶ޱȵɫ֮УſŴͬʱ
һŽһţֱؿڡ
ܣ
¶ţѾɳȥ˰һѪ˳
Ѿˣ༶һֲ༶
˵༶ɽûмɲ༶ôǰλô¡
ЩĽʿǣ˿Ҳ±ˡ
ʲôǵĽȻ·磬Ѫˡ
һ¶˿ϱ˺ѵۼף˿Ѿû֮ǰˣ˭ΪѾȻ޴档
ɱ
ɱȥͣЪ
һ죬ֳֻһƬǺӵĵӰȻǺӵӰŰ¶ȥһƬǺ˰¶
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¶ʧƴֵһƣȴֱӵȥϵۼ׶˴롣
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ֲ༶Ȼֲ༶¶⣬˿̵Ϣңϵͨߣһϵֳţˣ֮ͬҲֻǽĳŲһսҸǶ֡
ˣɱˣ
¶ɱһˡ
ֻǳ糯һһǳ֮ע塣
񣬾֮
༶ֲ༶
¶ʩչĲ༶֮ǰֶҪǿ
˿Ҳ˲Ȼתܡ
ΪʱֻǳעһָһǹָⷢԽռʱգֱӶ˰¶ࡣ

¶о౻һ˲䣬ʼʧʧ
ܿ죬Ȼ޷ˣ忪ʼ׹䡣
һУǲˡ
ˣˡ
ʱҲֹͣ׷ĽŲú⣺ǺһָȻҲĿǰǰĹˣԸ¶һָЩСˡ
Ǻһָڴвͽ׵۾Ҳ˵Ϊ˶Ը۾
Ը¶˱ɱ֮ģҲ˴ҴҾɱ
ɱ˽Ȼɱ˽
ɱΪ𣡡
ʮ彫ʿеȻһϣлȻżλߡ
ʵ˰¶֮⣬ǻʮλߣ¶Ķ֣Щ߾͸Ķˡ

˫ִӡԺ֮ٴγΧӰ
Ȼ󣬲ʲôȻͬʱһֲ
ۼһ飬γһ޴򣬶һǣǣһһ飬ж
֮УһĽʿֳ롢İ롢˰롭ֱһѪ⡣


1323 һؾ
ʮ֮⾳Ľʿȫ
ʮӺ󣬻羳ĽʿҲȥ
תֻʣ߾ʮ廹ڼţһ㣬ָʮǹ⣬ʮߵࡣ
ʮߣ
գ
һӣЩµĿռװȫȡ
ڲǲ鿴ʱĶ̫󣬺ܿѾһЩǿĽϹˡ
Ȼ˵ڻûе۾ĽںӴϵСΪǣȺɱĲ༶ԾĺܴѾЩ˯ĸоˡ
롣
ܽԼΣյľء
ɴѸٵ뿪ˣת۾ǷɳȥǧǱ߹ȻѾõϢ
¶ˡ
ϵĺ򣬻һɫۼףţǵĽǰֵǰ¶ʱĻ档
ֻ⻭ֻ̣ܶ¶һĻ֣̿Ȼһغˡ
ʱһ
ķ۾˭ɱ˰¶ɱۡ
ڿռ֮лصţһƵʣǽȴס
ٽǶյϢЩ޲ﾳŽϵľ磬ʮλ벽۾
ڰķ۾ǽһλȥİ¶Ĳ¡
ڵ֪¶һ̣ķѾŭޱȣֱڴһȥ˰ʮ壬ΪЦ
˭ҶҪķŭһԲεս棬Ľ׵Ϊ¶ɪɪ
˿Ѿ뿪˲һˣʱԶְѰؿƿ˷˳
ˣôˣؿƿʵ
󲿷ֵĲҶ˳ںӴϵѾ棬һǰһµľסء񵭵˵ţϵعϡȫ԰òĹ
ʲôľȳˣؿƿ˼Ȼԥľ˫ϥصǲǴ˾ȵģԺȫӴ˵İš
˵ͷ˵ʲôðؿƿȥݷɴԼ̵εջ
ʮһ֧ӣǲٵġ
æʱ򣬲̵ʮһױԴٶ鲻ʯĺҲûʲôֵرߵĶϾЩ壬ʵҲ̫ߣӵеĶޣ̫ߣȻˡ
ǣ
óһһƣǰ¶ġ
ֻд˹ʮ·ķ۾µȷ¶
ɾʱ
һг֣ƺڴһռͨһǿϢѾӿռֹͨ
ã
󾪣֪϶ԼĽƣҪսռָ档
ֻǣȴȫղȥ
ʱҲ˲ǿֱӺƣҪơ
һ죬Ƴһѷ죬ʱǿռֳͨһӣߴޱȣǽɫۼסӴ˿˫ץӣ
ɱ˰¶ҼסˣסˣӺͨ飬Ȼڻ
Ӧǰķ²˹ֻۣ㡣ϾܳƵϴ۵ģǶڵ۾濰޵еĴڣһЩۿ˺λĿǰɽ򣬻ô۷ŵ˶࣬ʮ˶ѡ
ˣոǡؿƿ˵Щ
һĵ۾ֻѣвҡ񵭵˵ţȻǵ۾ǵͽ׵ĵ۾ɱҲô׵ġͨոհķϢѾµ˰ķΪȻǵͽ׵۾ǳҲǽס
ЩõĶĹѫֵονǱ
һӻɱʮλߣаʮȫ⾳ΪĽʿȻһǧĹѫֱǺˡ
ҲʱĹѫն˵Ķһ棬ʾ˸Ķ
ȵ֮ģ
ױԴ
۷幦
漶ɴ
ʥ¹ʵ


һƷһҪĹѫȻڹѫֵ
֮⣬һĶһƷдɽɽؾʸﾳ
Ĺעص㶼ڶȵ֮棬ǿɽؾʸ˶ɫˡ
˵ɽؾģǿɽΨһһһؾ
ؾĵȼ֣ؾؾȼؾÿϵһٳϵĶؾϵ涼һһؾÿҲֻһΪΧֶСÿܽҲ޵ĺܡ
Ϊһһؾ˶Ըҵ


1324 
ؾʸʵ̫һؾ
ѧԺڶûһؾ
ؾΪʲôôҪΪʱĵط滹ԭʼϢ汾Դǧ򱶣ķζ޷ɹؾ֮ȴ׳ɹ
ڵʽȥܱʹöȵ֮ĻҪЧ
ĶˣǶһҪĹѫֵȻдһڹѫ
һڹѫﾳ룬ֱΪģǲȡֱ˷ѻԵҧҧֻҪĻȡѫС
һ·֮ϣʼɱ壬ͣЪ
һ¹ȥĹѫﵽһǧ򣬲һڵĹѫԶˡ
ɱʵ̫ɱһЩߵȽ壬ЩָĽ壬ùѫ졣⼸췢֣һЩµĹѫһƷѫն滹һµĽ棬ǽ澹ȻһЩ壬һ˺ܸߵĹѫԶԶһĽ塣
Ŀǰǰʮģһλ͸صģɱȻܻʮڹѫ
͸صΪȴֻǰ벽۾
ԭѯһ֪ԭ͸ǽĳţΣǵ۾Ƕҵ
ɱһһڹѫһӾʹչ֮һܰǰʮļһﶼɱˣϾ͹ˡ૵ЩҲ֪ЩĳţҲΪǿһԺ͵ͽ׵ĵ۾ɱģɱһѾѣοɱʮ
ѣ̫ѣ
Щ֮⣬Щ׼֮͵ĹѫҲ͡¶ǰһץסʳһ߾ȻںӴϵһ˶ɱĸɸɾˣ͵Ĺѫ͸ߴ֮ࡣ
ܻɱһȥ˶⡣
ֻ֪ǱʵҲʵ˲ߡ
ɱɽţҲòٵĽһɱôģǲţҲкܸߵĽ
ѾǱߵİ񵥣ҪҲǰķȷݡ
ӿµǣȻǰĽܼ̣ܺɽ򳬼ţ¾ʮ壬аʮλߣʵﾳŽ۷塣
Ȼ̣¾ʮ壬ɽսˡ
˭ầȻ
ҲѹֽԸ⻨ôĽˡ
ڵѾ뿪ںӴϵصĵط
ˣ
˿ǰ棬԰ؿƿ˵ȴһ飬Ȼȥǡ
ǣˡ
ؿƿ˲飬˿ȫ
ѧˣ
Ҳ֪ѧ˶ٹѫֵ
˵߾ţеĶѾǧĹѫ
һȺ˿˷ܵ۵
ӷɴ߳˵Ҫһ飬ʵѯһѧԺѧǵϾεĴӡ
ȷûκ֮ʹ뿪ˡ
ɾʱȻյϢǲѧԺѧǸڴϵһЩš
ϵϵܱߵϵѹϵ
͹ȥ
ѸٵĳŶԷ˵ĵطȥ
ܿ죬͵ˡ
ʱˣǾȻӴϵһȺˣһλͼģǵӴϵһλţĿǰﾳ߽ΪսȴӲһﾳŽס
ôˣ˹ȥѯʵ
ǵսƷɶͼŭûа취ʵǲԸģΪæϾϵӴϵ֮ǰѪծۣȻˣеʮ⡣
սƷ΢΢üͷʵǽںӴϵʱй涨κ˲˵սƷǰһǲ֪أ޿֡
춷ҫﾳŽΪ춷ҵˡͼʱ˵ĶӣҲ춷Ļӡɱʱǣʵ˲˵ĶҶп಻ԡ
ŶôЦ
ô˰֣춷ҫĿ񣬡ǳͷԲˣãϽ
ǿǵսƷơ
ǵģô
ǣˡ
ЦˣƾԼıģΪʲôҪȥ춷ҫЦ˱ҪҪĵһȺ


1325 ҷϻ
⻰üͷ춷ҫŵĲ񻰡
Ŀŵľ˵սƷһһ֪ڸĵӣ˵ûݣԲܡ
Ļȫܵģ춷ҫĲѧԺѧĶһĸԣҲǳ飬ʱһѵھͶ֣Ҳںϵ˵ļϵ֮ΪԺ׼춷ҫʲôǾѧԺҪǵˡڵѧԺһ춷ҫһ춷
Щ֮гһ˿֮ɫǲ֪ɽµĹأҲΥ
˵ʲô
˵㲻֪
ҿ
춷ҫŭ񲻹һϵˣȻ˵
Χٴϵˣ˿̶ǿ֣ڴʲôˣȻҺ춷ҫ棬ѵĲô
ڤ粻飡
Ѿ÷ϻֳ춷ҫһץס
õȻҶҳ֣Ҫ
춷ҫսһӾͳӭ˹ȥ
սӰЩӰһ͵ԶޣſѪڡһֻƺѹȥҫ۵ǹ⣬ֱס޵ĲȻһɵԶ鿪һĵɢȥ
ʲôȻҵ޻
춷ҫֱ֣ǲţһпɱ˲ͬߡ
ΪҲ˼ۡ񳰷˫֮дӡȻͿǿ֮ǳЩǳŷһǹ⣬ǹʱΪһѰѷɽǿգ˲併ٵ춷ҫͷ
ã
춷ҫ̿ޱȣѸٵľͿʼӴܡ
ֻһǹɽ£ϵزȥãһʮǹɽȥ춷ҫֻǲһ·
ãͲһ㣡
춷ʱһΧһѰѷɽĿ񣺡ߣҲֶΣһΪжء
񲻾Цôٿ
˵ţٴδһӡȻ˵һĻˣʮѲڵϵǹɽ貵Ĺâϵʮǳ໥Ӧһǹɽɵǳ˲춷ҫС
ôܡ
춷ҫʧɫҪƿȥһǹɽסȥ·üʱֱӾҪ̴ؿڡ
ӲģǳΪóɽ󣬿ʮŴǵǹǷ˵ﾳŽ׵ߣǰ벽۾ȥҲֻܹԹ־ܡ㣬
㡭춷ҫɫ࣬ո̽󷨵֪˵ľԲ١
ԣ콻
ǵսƷ³
쵰Ҳн졣
ʱǸоһڶͼҲһͬʱҲ˾塣
ͬﾳŽףȴ׵ѹ춷ҫⲻǳʲô
춷Ļӣ³춷ҫв̡
ʱ򣬻вңǿЦһ䣬ǽǲһЦתѾɭȻɱ⡣
㡭춷ҫһûгԹĿ
ɽ򶨵ĹأսƷߣͨ۴񻺻˵ţģѾˣͨôκ˶նɱ֮
ɱң춷ҫ̲סһ
˵ءٴδһӡʮǹɽȫ׼춷ҫ޲ľսһ䣬ǽ
֣ҽ춷ҫæǵĸоԼ
㣡
ã
춷ҫҧҧԼĿռ䷨ӳһѵĶ
񵭵ĿţðͼȷϣЩô
ͼ˼һ£ȱһһױԴ
Ծؿ춷ҫԶ
ǱԴɽնɱߵõģҳĴǸûʵնɱ춷ҫ
ҷϻһ춷ҫʱɫס
ãݣҼסˡ춷ҫ˰ͼһҪ񻹿ɺޣѾҪսƷˣթ
ôٴʵЩ͵ĿŰͼ
СͼܵĿ⣬ƺ˼Ҫ˵ʲôɾʱһǿϢɨȻֻһɫǿգǿƽһȴֱնʮŴǺʮѷɽϵʧЧˡ


1326 ֣ô
춷ҫ˴ʧϲ֣Ѹӳȥ֮Զ
ˡ
춷ҫ˿Ҳˣϲ֣´ˣ֪ĸϵֵĻ쵰Ȼýָңһ年ˡļʱҿ϶Ѿɱˡ
ҫӣǴôǸ⻰ɫʮֵѿʵ춷ҫĻ˸ýָ춷ҫҪǴĶ棬϶ҪдһһĽ׵ĵ۾춷ȱĵ۾
ԣ춷ҫ֣ЩŵĿ
ҫԵȣһһһ£ĿĿ񣬡ýָҫӣɱҫô
ɱΪǾǰɡϾ춷ҫ˵սƷչأӦͨд񵭵˵š
˿񣬶̲סһ۾Ӳһ˿
˵սƷǿЦ춷ῴǵ㶫Цһ仰Ͱ춷ҫĹƲ˹ȥңۼҫǵĶ
⵹ǲŰͼǡðͼ˶ʱжѡ
ԭûмֻƬ֮ʶѡ
Ƿ˵޻˵еҫӣոտ԰˵սƷ˳
ô
ǱƵģýңǲʲôڿ϶ˡ춷ҫʱؿڵ
ԭˣ㾹ȻֻƾЩͶҫɱģֱǴ治Ȼҫ˵öԣ϶ͽ年ˣ߾ΪɱɽšʵϣոҾ͵õϢ˵вͶͽıɱߵĳšЦһж˵˳
಻ˣ˿̾ȻЩˣϾ˵ȻЩǣǿ춷ҫ⼸սƷҲûʲôױΪľ֡ҲҪĽֻʮ֮һˣɱҲͺճˡ
֮λ޴ǣ춷ô쵹ļʶˡضԣɱңҲδ㡣
ãɽͽǾȥɣЦĽɫֱָ񣬾Ҫ֣˲Ϊϧǿͷĺ
ͼ˴˿ҲǷŭѣʱԥ
¡
УΪǲϵ鷳һ
ͼ˵ţҲǷ׷׵ͷֻݵʮӣ˸Ѿǡ
⻰϶һЩЦݣǰЩ˵ֵýύ
춯ְˣɱͽͼߴ˷֮ɫ
ã˵ͷҲ˷ʱˣĽؾҪնɱȥʱϺȻ貵Ľ⡣ģǽ۳һнɫĴ֣ﳤһд֮˶һ
ֻǣϵȫ˹ʮ·ķ۾µȷưʮ壬شͨ棡
ѧ
֪λѧԺѧһ䣬˶Ǿ
ȻҲһƬȻ
ʮ壬ķµĵȷҲ̫ˡ
Ҳ鵽ˣʮΪ⾳иʮλߣ
ʲôʮλߣ
˴˿̶𾪣Ҫ֪ɱĿǽ壬ʲôè
һӻɱ˰ʮ壬Ŀǰ˵ѫˡ
˭񣿡
ϵϵģ
ģȻ˽񣬳ôķͷҪǴϵ˶á
ģǸȴѰ
ֵܣ˵ϵģ֪иôʲô֪ôˣˣһɱ˽ʮսڴֱ˽ģϵˡ
ɶһ˼˽һȷ϶ǳɡ
˲һҪ£Ǻ麣ɽ
ʲôǺ麣ɽҪħţ
Ǵ⣬ôˣǳΪ˵۾Ҫ졣
ʱֻҪͷǿ϶Ըȫ
ͼˣ˿Ҳһ𾪡
վߣǸεĸоǰȫ˽һȷ⿪ʲôЦ
֣ôͼʵ
ȻңȥˣôһҶЩ⡣΢΢һЦֺĸоʱƺҲʲôʱɫޱѿ


1327 ս۾
ʵ֪ÿսĹֻϢʵʱġԭܼ򵥣ǰܽǱҲõϢ֪ɱǰʮˣȥ׷ɱԣһֻм⵽߾԰ȫߵԼϱ飬Żᷢġ
񣡡˿̳ʵҧÿ졣
˵ǽļϸ߾ʹһȷưʮϢⲻǴôɵӶ֪ˣ񲻿Ǽϸճ
ʮ壿춷ҫʧֱ췽ҹ̷һǿǰʮ򣬲ǰ˸
ǻѧ
ǸҶһԣʱɽ򶼲Źǡ
߲ͽ˭ҪǸҶߣΪС
ʱ׷׿ڣԮ
֪鲻Ϊҫӣߣ
ߣ
ߣ
춷ҫԸԸ⣬뿪ˡ

ɣʲôҫ˲ܡ
̫ʹˣҲͿһˡ
˶ǴЦ̲סݸۿһսͷβˡ
뿪˼ĵطݺݵһȭ֮УʱռһڶĿӣ˲һߵǸɵˡ
ôԾôˣڴ춷
֪Ǹ˽ģΪɽ˴󹦣Ǽ֣ҲҪ군˵ף춷ҲֻһɽİźɽŸɣ군
Ҳܾôˡ춷ҫȻŲɱ񣬵Ҹû˵ĵطɱ˭֪

ɱһȡһ춷زصĻᡣ
춷زأ
ǵġ
ãһΪ
ˣ춷ز춷Ĳݣ춷еĲ༶ÿν룬ÿ˶ܲһֹõ̫ˣһ˴󹦣߾춷ҳԱƼȻ춷ҫûƼʸ񣬲춷ҫĸȴʸ

ڰͼ˳ݵĿ֮У뿪ںӴϵҪȥٲˡ
ս濴顣
ˣǴȥļôؿƿ˵
ǵģϵ˿ڲ࣬һط沢ѡ
лˣոҲһ˵ϣԭ˾ȻϵѧԺѧ˵ѧԺԺһλǿߣһ˵ܱϵ֡
ԺôȷʵѾԽľ硣

ףˡʱվϳһĨɱ⣬ϢǸû뵽Ȼðűɽ򴦷ΣҡǽĽ׵ĵ۾յĽ֮ñԴɽʩչʵͬ۾֮Ҳŵеˡ
۾۾Ҫǣؿƿһ
£Ҳ
᣿ˣ򲻿ɣǿǵ۾־ţ˭ﾳ۾һս
ôѵҲô
˵ţðؿƿ˲ݷɴ뿪ԼǿС
ˣαزͷ¶β
Ȼ㷢ˣȻ̫żˣûסϢѾνˣѾ˷ԲڹͨѶɱҲһ֪ҸɵģֻΪǽı
ƻĺܺáȻˣǾͶְɡ
΢΢üȫ޿֣һ㺦µ˼ûС
ʱζҪˡ
ʲôƣĽ׺ﾳŽ׵Ĳ࣬ǲԽģɡĳն˳ȥһΪһ籩ϯȥ

Ƿ籩̶궼ǲ
ȻӡԺ֮еǳ˿̶תǹ⽵γһʮﳤǳ֮ţϿ̻һǳͼϵǳһһӦ
ѣ
ǳ֮źبǰ棬Ȼȫ޷ƿ
ʲô
ޱȣԼĹ䵽ǳ֮棬ȻͬʱתƵŴ档
һͬʱеĹ䵽ϵĹж٣Ѿ΢΢
Ϊʲô⵽˭ģƶС
ʵҲˣǴĵڶֲ༶Ǻһָͬǳ֮֮ǰҲ۹磬Բ


1328 ͻȻֵĻ
еĽ籩ʧհ
ԶİؿƿѾĿɿڴǿֲĽ籩ɱһȴɵסˡ
ԭк͵۾һսʵⲻǾʲô
춷ﾳΪֵסһģҲֻһˣǸˡſˮ˿ŵĿǰ˾ȻҲʵ̫ˡ
˿ȫ䲻ѧԺ֮ͺѧԺĵ۾ʦսԶѧԺʦġ
ţһ궼ѳһţɳȥֱ¡ѾǴԺͻƳΪ۾϶취ɱڲΣҪɱԾ󻼣ȻʳѰ
ɱ
һ̴߶ԼĽ磬һɿֲ֮
Ҽ棡
ɢһص֮񣬾Ȼֱӱˡ
ʵҼǳ书ĵһԼǳǿԻǳԼ棬ȴǿƿ档״̬֮£һзһ֮ܲ״̬Ҳٲǵָ㡣
ȻȻȫҵ֮⵽ʲô֣ޱȣĽɫն˳ȥһĽһɫޣҧȥ
춷ҫ񰵵ʩչ򱶡
ʱٴٻǳ֮š
Ǿޱǳ֮ŵסצȴȫá
ƲƲķֱ޵С֣Ľ׵ΪȻһﾳŽ׵û취˵ȥ˭š
ת˲ɫʧ
ջǳ֮ţúܣĻǳ֮㹻ˣɱȴǺѡ۾Ͼǵ۾һ֧ţԴԴ϶ңһֱսȥΪľɱڵӣȻû뵽Щ
뵽ھȻɱˡ
һģһġૣٴγնɱȥһĽޱƿֲ
ˡ񰵵Ļлˡ
ҲżһֱȫһϣҲԽԽ
ôܣѵ춷λǿﾳŽףֻﾳŽ׶ѡֱҪˡ
ˡһ⣬һֱڶûл֣͸һָоֻС
Ǻһָ
ע壬һָһǹԽռ䣬ֱӳüıȥ
ʲô
һֻоһǹ
ǵǹ棬оһɻصʱŵĻ겻塣

һǰһױԴƣǹ⾹ȻֱӴ̴˶ƣȻüĴ˹ȥ
ʱĲҽУϢȴڡ
ⶼû
һıѾãһɱղһѾʶˡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôţɲŹĻᣬɱȥ
ѪݣͺһȴǻΪһɫѪ⣬ԶݳȥȻüģ廹ڲһ㣬Ͳһ㡣ҵ겻ʶξˡҵĽȴʶλãһȴҵĽ˺ˣѾֻܵ߳ɵ֮ˡ
߳ʲôֻƲķһܱɱ
϶һʲô⹦ΪʲôҪܲɱµΪʲôոһûɱ׷ȥ
ߣߣѾɱڱҪϣɲɵɱֱӻΪһѪ⣬ʧ֮С
һ۾ߣҲûа취ġ
̲ס̾һ
ˣողɱһλ۾ؿƿ˲ݷɴˣʱﻹޱȺȻģ֪ʲô
Ҷѣ̫ˡ񵭵˵ţˣ·ϵѾԶˡ
ʮ֮󣬲ͣ¡
ҾȻһŽ׵Ұ鱨ȥ춷񲻹ܵġ˳ޣҪ֪ǲ
ɾʱ򣬱գȻԵ
ô£
üȻ̧ͷȥͷԼǰȫһֲ״Ļ棬ֻôأΪɫΪɫֻʶȥȻʹ

һ㶣Ϳǻ泯˹У壬궼ȼ


1329 ĸ
ܿ죬ֻһѻҽ
Ľ׵ˣ֪˭ɱ
ʱӰУһźɫĳۣһŽɫĳۣϡ
߻ʣҲ̫ˡ
ǴŽɫ۵ӿڵѧԺʦʣǳ磬ǰѧԺź۵Ů߻ʣͬһʱѧԺġ˵ΪҲﵽ˽۷壬ڵ۾֮УѾǵĶ֡
ߣȫƾһĻ棬ⶼͱ˦ԶԶˡ߻˵ţһоץĿռָղݼžܿռָȻ϶ռָҪΪɻҡ
ִӿռָóĳȻһƿռ˳ȥ
߰ɣ
š
ʵ˵ͷ˻ΪʧǴûгֹһ㡣
ս棬Ȼ̧ͷ
ˣôˣؿƿסȻͿһռгˣзɳһϤĳλĽ׷ˣ
þšץסϸһ£ҡͷ׷ˣˡ
ˣؿƿסɶʱ飬˭˭ɱ
ѧԺһλʦ滹µϢ⽣͵ƾһεùˣ·
ãõġؿƿ˼æȴǳɻ󣬵ѧԺʲôʦ߲ӵʱɱˣѧԺҲ̫ǿ˰ɡ
һ·˳Ļصϵ
ѧԺ
ж꼶ѧЩƷһԶһ8000㡣ѧԺ棬һܻѸЩȻ㡣
һ˵ͷĳ벻
õģѾΪһܻ˵ţеĶͨƽ̨ԶѧԺĿ档
鿴һԼȷȻķѵе㣬ٴζһһ츳Ƭ
ʱںսȴͻȻһɧҡ
ΪҲ˻۵һڵĹѫȻǸһб棬ɽؾʸ
춷Ĺ
սӣᣬˡһ˳˽춷սĻ˽׵Ϊ
ʲô᣿һ̧ͷЩ֣ϸӣĻһޱǿս⣬Ҫֱ
ɽؾʸһͻƵĻᡣߵĴս̺ıԴޱǿܽɽؾܾ꣬ܿԴɾ͵۾ǰпôϵûлᣬȴͻȻǰ
ģ˵˵ô£춷ս˿Ҳ̲סм
ãõġͽ
ͬһʱ䣬һ档
ˣɽؾһؾÿܽȥ˶ʮˣܽȥȻܲһ򡣡һϲۼ׵ӿڵӽ澺ɽΪһǧʤߡ
ǿɢȥȻʹΧļɽǻΪ˷顣
һЩطҲһʱ䶢
һʱ䣬ںսΪŵԳ
˿̵춷ҫȴԵޱȽѾûյϢˡ
ô£ô£춷ҫֺ֣ܲԤС
ҫɣʱһֻһ߹ޱȵ˴˹Ĵš
ĸϣҡ춷ҫҪ˵ʲôȴǺȻüͷһޱϢ˭ģ
һϵĻ쵰춷ҫʱһĸϣġ
춷ҫе鶼˵˳м仹ͼӴһ
󣬳˼ȥ˼죬ѾûѶϢ
ǵġ
׶༪ˡ˵ţ춷ҫͷȡһͷȻͷȼΪһŻҽȼյĹ֮Уȴһ棬⻭֮ǰĻ棬֮УֻһŻסȻʲôûˡ
ˡ춷ҫ
Ҹ֮׷ݵһ㻭棬Ӧ棬沢ûֳֵˣ˵Ǹôʵ
϶ǣҺǸ񽻹֣ﾳûֶΡ춷ҫһǱˣǱ˳֡
Ŷ˭һϵ߾Ȼҽָ춷Ļӣﲻ⡣ͷһϵʲôѧԺ㴦áһޱȿµϡ


1330 
춷ҫϲѡ
ĸ׿ǰ벽࣬Щۣĸ춷ӡ
ĸ׷һĴϵû˸Υ
лĸף
춷ҫο϶ʮþˡ
ѽ㣬鷳ңҪԼú㿴춷սȻΪ൱ѾԲɱ׵ĵ۾ˡε
ߣôֻǸʵӣȻʸ񱻴춷춷ҫм
ǲӣ춷սʵΪ۾ԺΪһλۿ϶⡣ĸΪʲôҪΪӣеԭ򡣡ˣҲȥúҪ֪ù춷ս࣬ûʮ֮һ硣
֪ˡ춷սЩˬʱûɶ¡
춷սߺһˣŮȥһϵѧԺԺʶ֪࣬ô
˵ţдһţǿΪ
˵һв
ǣ
ŮӹţʧӰ٣ֻй֮ڵĴ΢İڶ

ںӴϵս
֮󣬳˵ڶ˽ĵˡ
ߣɱɭشͨ棡
֣˶ס
Ǵȴޱȵ˷ܣ˲֪˭ǿ֪
£ػҵˣ澺ܲû뵽ȴǻˣһնɱɭսĽġ
ٿնɱɭʵŲɱͽ׵۾ʵڽ棬ŵϵھŵţڹѫնҲǸһڹѫ㡣
µĳ֣ĿȻҲֻһǾɽؾʸ
Ͼܲ澺ҲֻһؾȻǽӽһؾǺһؾҲ޷ȵġ
ѧԺ֮С
ǰٺ˲ˣҲյ˽ĵϢٵ
Ͼ˭ȴչһڹѫ˭ܻǸ
ҹ׼һͳˡ
ڶ죬ѧԺ֮С
ɽɽۿ̫ɵһϰˡ
ǰʱ򣬾ԼѾȫ̫ܣԽԽǿ󣬷Щˡ
ԽǿԼԽԵ֪ǰΪԵĵˣΪԵĵȴֶ
ָо֣ǽһìܵĻ֮С
Ȼ֮дһ
춷ѧԺѧ·ϣﲻˡѧԺʮ֮ڰ͵춷ܳͷ
ƺӺԶĵط˵ÿһ䣬һЩС֮Уû߾Ϊȴζ޷
ֻһۣԴ֮أڵĽԵ
춷ܵô
ǵ𣬴ϵıԵ뵽ŮĶ档
ŮһȻûвǵλá
ŮǿӲߵ춷ǾһССϵÿһµ춷³ѧԺԺţѧԺԺһ֪Ĳࡣ
˵ţŮгһţ˲ʧˣٴγֵʱ͵ǵ
ţǸоһɼΪӦģǵӴǵ壬ȴ˲ʧɼһ¯ת
ķȤ
ţݣֱһĨȫʧȻдµݡ
ţתٴλصŮС
ȥ
أ

ǵ˵ţʮСϵŮֻо궼һ
ţŹġ
ŮѸ뿪ϵˡ
һ֮Ůͻص춷ųʸ
ѧԺԺţ涼û¶ҹ
Ȼҵū澣ҵҪʲôֶθôš˵ţǴţֻݺȻдţˣٸצСļ
֣ʱסɾʱһ޷ݵֽ˳뵽ʶ֮Уǿһȼյһ㣬һڿһĴ½ڰһ綼ŭеһж˾
һУһɼ˿¡ֱһѪ˳
ɫҲ˲԰ףʱԼĽ磬ȻϸСѷ졣
⡭ôܣ
ţһθоһֺºη壬֪⻹ֻǵľѡ


1331 ս
Ůʲôֵ̿ôˣ
ǿǿ˿̻˵ѧԺԺʵȻ֮ϣʵܿѾӽۣﵽĳ̶ȡ
ۣŮһʲôǴۣǵ۾֮п޵еĴڣ춷ûһλۣӽ۲εĵһλǾǹ춷
⡭ŮԥĴѾܹˣҲѹֶԷˡ
϶סģȥһ¹ô˵
һ棬춷
Կ춷ΧǺȻһĿռ䣬Щռ䲻ϵر任״
ķ򣬳֮Ϊշڿռ䷨򣬿ԵĿռ䣬ҲԸıռĹ죬ӶӳױȵĹ

춷ˣһǰĿռŤȻ໹͵ǰ
շԽԽɲˣò˶ãܳɾͲˡ
ôףٷ֮һķԳɾ͵۾ʮ֮һķܳΪ࣬һһѹȥҼٵľţвһȷˣ󻹲ǻΪһѿݹǡ춷˵š
Щ˿ԱȵģŹһܹɾͲġ
ˣǾͺˡ춷ôпչʲôô
е顣˵ţͰ춷ҫһϵ齲һ顣
ѧԺԺЩ͡춷鿴һƻĵ۾磬
Ǵ˶֣
ߣһϵѧԺԺʲôۣΪ൱Ҳѹֻʷս춷άںӴϵս֮һʱǶԸѧԺ»ᱻڸ
춷ŵ˵ţȴ˿ѧԺԺϡ
ǿϧˣҫأ
кѣȻܶѧԺô˽ѵһǸҫǲģʱҲ˵ʲôл
˼춷ս
ţʵĿõģһ׵ĵ۾һĶ֡
ҲУȷŹѧԺ
ˣ춷ʹѶ춷ս
սģһѵһ٣ɷ˾С춷Įޱȡ
ǣʡ춷սӦѾյѶϢ
ںӴϵڻص
ʼȥɱ壬ùѫͬʱռѧԺһ㡣
ԶȻо˵˹ȥ
ֻһɫ۵ŮӣһֻץסһߵĲȻߵͿʼѸٵţת۱Ϊһ߿ݹǣڷԲʮ֮ڣĿݹѾ֮
ŮӣҲ֪ʲôȻɢȥ˵ֱǿֲţŮѾΧĽȫɱˣҲԸŮӴ򽻵תҪ߿ɾʱŮӷһִֻؿռ䣬ץ
Ȼ˰Եü貵ǹ⣬γһǹơ
Ůӵץڽ棬Ӧ飬ѾûԶݳȥʮ
ŮӵֻǾ棬´ɱʱ͵СҰ㵱һɱˡ
Ů˻ǲֱǲ
Ů⻰Ц˵ˣ´ˣüסҵĻʱ֪ôġ
Ů˵꣬Ϊһʧ
ŮӵıӰǸһĨЦݣԭǴ£Ǹ֮˽ĵŮˡԣԿʱ򡣡
ʱҲҪ뿪
ǺȻĿⱻһҫ۵İɫâסˣǰɫâңԶϵ룬Ҳǽ򿪵ͨλá
ǿڼӹͨڻֻ߾ĽҪͨӹ̣϶н۾Ľ
طҲǷЩ
ͨӹˣĵ۾ڽս
徹Ȼмӹͨİ취ıѾõġ
սˣûǾ԰ȫġ
˻ţҲڷٵ˳սѾȫˡ
ڽǱߣʮһתĹŹַⷨ淢һââռͨܲȶĿռͨȻȶʮ֮Ľ۾ΣڵŽɽ


1332 
̳ʮ죬ͣ
ױԴ涴ֵܣͨӹһ࣬ڽ߽µĵ۾Ѿͨˡ߽׼Ͼĵ۾ֻеٴμӹ̿ռ֮ͨ󣬲ܽɽ򡣡һӿڵ˹ۡ
´Ҫʲôʱ򣿡
һ֮󡣡
ôã
û취ΧĿռӦͨĴڣܽеڶμӹ̣һꡣ
Ǿɡ
ʮѸʧȴһμӹͨ
ʮλۼĵ۾޷룬Ľ۾ȴ˳ͨͨ뵽ںӴϵ
Ժҽĵڶ֮ء
ɱЩԭˣһǽġ
ʱȹںӴϵܿɽĵ۾Ѿˡ
Щ۾Ѹٵټ
սӵĸӣսҲӵļԽԽӱ
ǱһľҲչ¶ͷǣǰİ͸ءʲȡ¿͹ﶡȫɱ˲ֹһɽĵ۾ν졣
ת۾ʮȥ
ĹѫѾﵽʮڣһڵĹѫһ롣
ԽԽɱɱˣɽҲĥǣڶûн߽ϵĵ۾ֹһɽϳ˼ʮ棬۵㵹ֿ칻һһ츳Ƭˡ
ѧҵɭˡһѧԺѧ
ɭ񲻾һϲɭںӴϵһ˶ɱĸɸɾˣʮǰ͵Ĺѫ͸ߴ֮࣬ڵĻǴﵽڡ
ҲͲʮڵĹѫˣڹѫɲһС
ǵģȻٺΣǱǲ鵽˿ڲĵطһѧԺѧ˷ֱܵӸһλλôںӴϵڱȽϻһƬˡ
лȻжɲʧȥ
ѭŶλ񲻶ϵǰС
֮ͣ˽ŲӦþˣ֮ǰںӴϵʯϵʯϵ򶼴мǿĴųִܵųĸоǵ۾ʶҲΪųĸţ޷鿴ΧĻҲһЩ֮˵Ĳ֮ء
˵ţ䵽һ֮ϡ
ʶ˲Ͷָƣҽ־ʩչǳ֮۵ô۾ʶܵųĸţ޷鿴ΧĻǳ֮õ޴ڵǹ⣬ǹⱾһ֣ȴǸӰ졣
˲̽Ȼ˴֡
Ȼˣ⵹˼ˣõϢĲֹһ񿴵ϤˣһǴ£²ϵŲţȫǺ޼ɵӡ֮⣬ʮɽţǵǱµ͵ˡ
ɭ㵽ȥˣ˵ʮ֮ǰɭڴ˵ôһüͷڹѫΪ׵õģû뵽ôѡ
Ͷʮ̽ˣȻûзɭһص湻һɽ棬һӲϵؽһ̽ѶϢȻһ
ֻǲ֪һռ֮С
ɭһǰ۾ѾϹˣʮɽš
һϵĽ⻰ЦɭȻõնɽǱ߸㶨ڵĹѫͣ׷ˡҵĻЩɽſ϶ͲһˣǾ㲻ﾳŽ׵Ϊʶһ塣
ⶼǵ۾ǻۡ
˵ǽǾͿˣٳٵĻ˵ͻᱻ˿ˡ
ãɽϵЩһӵ
һӵ
˵󣬵۾̲סЦ
ЩɽľҲһһɱʮǴ͡
˻ɭȻʮͬʱɭһ
ҵˣɽϵE336򡣡
ļһˣڹѫҵˡ
Уҵˣ
ʮɽţͬʱɭŵζһ㡣
Ǹ¡
Զţ˵Ķָƣ⣬⣬ͬʱʮĸ˷֣ɭⱩ¶٣ȻǸܵ顣ֻһֿܣһ۲۵塣
ЩﻹŸȥĵ٣˺档


1333 
ɭƶͣˣȻˣЩŵڣ
󹦣Ҳཱܻ
ɭúá
۾һ׼ˣȫˡ
˻ཻţµ˵ڶûв
ɭӲˡ
ڹѫֵοҵˡ
Ȼˣɭȶϵġ
ʮĸɽĳŷ׷ɭΧ
ЩˣȫﾳŽΪߵҲ벽۾ǲɱһĽһ׵ĵ۾ȴȫ⡣ˣɱ۾ľǽһ׺Ͷ׵ĵ۾֣Զֶսȡʤġ
ߣ㾹ȻҲˡ
˹ϢҲͦͨģɭˡ
ְʮĸɽţͬʱһǴҾ͸ƾ°ɣ
ʮĸ˻࿴˿ǶԶԷ˵⡣
ʱһֲϢӿֻ˵ͷһŮӵӰŮʲôʱĶû˷֣ǵŮʮĸ˶ɫ
£
ôˡ
ʮĸͬʱ˹ģȻҲţǺȻǲ˲١
ߣɭˣǶɣµ˵ţǿޱȡ
ƾʲôɭȷֵġ
£㲻Ҫ̫۸ˡ
Ůֱ޷ˡ
ʮ˵ţ޺޲ƽǸо¶ǵӡ
ҾҪȰɱˡ˵ţһֳֻʮ˴ȥһƣֻһһôĺ⣬һּص֮һѸٵĸǾһ㣬ʮ˿һĻŵĶǻæӴܡ
䣡
һ䵽ǳ˼׵Ĺ֡
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ѭȥȻɭ
Ҳһʶ˲ԡ
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ķգ׵ĵ۾򣬺
Ҿ˵ɭôôױҵȻô£θô졣
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Ӱǵĸ֪ôɣ󶼻صԭء
ѵҪ군ˣ
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ʱЦ֮ڣԳأӳȥŹ֡ˣֻбˮһսʶһ½׵ĵ۾жǿ
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һսǵŵĺܡķմЦһ֪׵۾ЩߵĲж󡣡
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Ӱһطٴ۳һƺһɽź󱳣߸ûзӦ˾ͱһѪ⡣
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ʮˣҲʼ湥
䣡
ķյӰһ۵峯һȭȥֳһ޴磬ڣ˶Ǳɳȥ


1334 ͵Ϯ
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¡
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֮д˹ķվȵԼĽ磬ովȻ˼飬ԭǾϵˡ
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ȱĹǲȱģܻһȷѣܻһֶȷȴǺ
֮ǰгɵһ˾ܻĶȷ
ˣȫˡ
һŲ壬ϵĹͷ궼Ǳ˵ˡ
λţֱˡ
ۣ
һѪ³糺죺һ׵ĵ۾һƣڵĽ綼ҪˣǹķȴֻٵһЩľϵǽ׵ĵ۾ĽѾЩĽµĵ۾ԱȵġȻϵĵ۾Ѿͽ׵ĵ۾֮𡣡
ЩɽţԹɣķЦҲҹζࡣ
ôԴУƴˡ°ȻһֵǺǵĵһ
ʲô˲֡
ǵ´߶ʱһصǺӣ֮£ķոоԼѸٵ˥궼ڻķֽ⡣
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ķմޱȣɢĹâʲô֮ѣǹ֮ѣһλ񹦵λģҼǵһױԴôķ澧ôˣ֮ѱϴ񹦲ʩչֲã뵽ġ
ڹķոо궼Ҫ˺ѵʱڿʼɢѾˡ
ʣµŶǿϣɢȥǾȫˡ
ֻǺܿ죬˷˲ԣ֮ѣɫԽԽ԰ףǺ۽Ƕǳһ˿˿ѪȫࡣȷʵһֱȥǹķոǱɣҲͲˡ
ҿֲסˣǿȥɱ˹ķաµʣµļλſѾɢһͨԥȥҲɱķգһֻ֮ҪɢһͨҲܰȻ뿪ƺҲ˵ķȫٿȫɢ
ֻһ˾͹ˣ߾߰ɡķҧҧǱ֮ǣסһŹ
ɢˣߣ
ǻˡ
ʣµЩˣȻȫӴ뿪

ҧҧоһʱһѪҲֹͣˡ
һʱ䣬Ȼʧʮ֮һꡣķЦãŮˣֻҪɱ㣬ҵõʹ;ֲеʧ
ȥɣķһֻֻΪ̽ȥﳯץ˹ȥ
ˣһʵʣ²ɣǶ֡
ɾʱһǹƿնڹķջûзӦʱͶࡣ
ķյͣ˲ŵĿԼؿڣ˭
Ļ䣬ǳɽֱӰնһѵࡣ
ͷβһȫһǳɣķվȻˡ
ʱһӰ˳
ڹķʱһɱ⻪͵Ϯ˻˰ڹѫ
㣡
ϳ񣬺޺޵Ǽһñˡ
񵭵һЦ⻹Ҫлл㣬ش˹ķգҲɱ
˵ţһɽɳȥһնɱ˻ܵɭڵĹѫˡ
һӣǻʮڵĹѫΪӮҡ
ܼƣĹѫﵽʮڣһڵĹѫѾԶˡ
쵰
¿̵ôĹѫ޲ɱ
һ䣬пңӰɣܿͻнĵ۾鿴ˣ´ϣٺĻᡣ
˵ֱ꣬뿪ˡ
һУɭĿռָûи
쵰һŹġ·ŭȴҲѸ뿪
ںӴϵսڣǽٴ˶̲ס̧ͷȥ
ֻдǣϵ񣬻ɱͰʮ֮ɭشͨ棡
ٴγ֣˶һǸŽļûͣЪǳһͨ棬һͨ棬˶𾪵Ըӡ


1335 Լս
ֻڶдǣϵ񣬻ɱ׵۾ķգشͨ棡
ּҪˢĽôİ
˿Ǿ壬ɵۣһνĶ죬ȴΡ
ǵڶεĽģʵ̫ۣһﾳôɱĽ׵ĵ۾ɽ򣬶ǿƴһս
ѧ䣡
ϵǸô̫ˡ
׳Ҵϵ˭˵ϵʺĵطĸʺĵطܵš
һʱ䣬ִϵ
Ǳߡ
ķǸˣˣֱǽˡ
˭˵ǣȻһ
ϧһдɱǸ񣬰͵ߡ
һ۷ŭǹķյĶͷ˾֮ΪͲۡ
ںӴϵߣ·ŭĿųֵĽģⶼҵĹͣҵĹͣ񲻹Сˣ͵Ϯ˹ķգɱܾôˣ춷ս춷սҪһ鷳ô춷սȥԸ
˵ţʧ
һС֮У¿춷ս
£ʲô춷ս۾һǿ
㲻Ҫô֪ոջӦþϵפءµ˵š
񣿡춷սһ䣬Ҫҽѵһ٣ϧһʼղ¶棬Ҷˡ
ڣǧҪᡣ˵꣬תʧ
ʱһ˹
ߵ˵ģˣٴ˽ģΡ
춷սһȻôѵɱϵĵ۾
ҡҡͷǵǣֻɱһ۾һʮ֮ɭɱ۾ȴǽΪ
⻰춷սΪڣҲܺͽĽ׵ĵ۾һս
ѵҪǿ
߿춷սɻЦսӲõģ˴һ£񲻹͵ϮɱǸ׵ĵ۾ҲǽĹķգʱս£¶˴˵еĹ֮ѡ
ֲ»Щ϶˴ұ񡣡춷ս̲סЦҾˣɱ˽׵Ĺķգ϶ռµıˡ´߶֮ѵĻǹķռûл֮ʱû͵ϮĻҲͲɱ˹ķաʵҲͺ൱
ӦþҲ϶
ȻˣҾʽԼս񣬱ϾҲһĻ춷սĴս񹦾һսֻвϵսܼŹ裬ԼԽԽǿ
Ҳãߵ
λʮڵĹѫܺãѵû졣
ѧôģôôǿһޱȳѧ˿ʵ
࿴룬ʣԼڷܡ򵥵˵ţѧɵۣѵôףֻЩ˵ףˡ
ɾʱȻ
ѧȥҪս㣡溰
սңȻⲻĸ۾û¸ɰɡ
˳ȥ
֮пȥһƲɵ֡
ң춷սʽսۣɸһս
һҲ˹ϵָ˳
춷սսң
üͷǲʶ춷սģǶԷָյҪսΪ춷ҫ飬˲Щ
ѯһ춷ս񲻾ס
ӣ֮Ϊ춷ʮţ
ĹǴ񼶹ս񹦣ɱλ׵Ľ۾
ĿǰΪﾳŽ۷壬ӽ벽۾
һѶϢȻΪĸ۾ҪսԭֻһΪ൱ˡ
춷սĽܣһﻹһɫ
ѧ
ʲô춷սҲ̫ˡ
춷˶ǷʰҲغһʶ
һȺѧԺѧš
ֻȴÿɷԴѧԺѾų֮ˣȻ춷սҪսա
ԥģ߶һƲڿб仯ֳһ֣һº۷ǣҵ㡣
ظ˶һƬȻ
֮춷սҲ΢΢һȻĸӦսܲе
ʱҲЩ⣺սӣ˹ĽһҪ񡣡
춷սԥһ£˵ͷ
һսϢҲ˲䴫ںӴϵܱߵϵŵսͷ


1336 
ϵѧԺ
ԺҪ춷սһսˡЦ
ʮǰȥںӴϵʱѪʶںӴϵǸ춷սϵ츳ò˵ɽеšǵ
Ժһս춷սʤǿ춷ս̲ס
ʤˣȻ춷۽Զôߡĵ·춷սǰ˵ĵ·ЦЦǸѧԺ֮УЩ͸ѧ
ǰǾǳ书ģǳݵһȫƫˣԺĳɾͶܳ𡣿ǳ书ԽԽƣѾôΪˡΪĸ֣ʵѾǳ书Ǵ棬Ѿǻ棬ƿ棬ֹһ֡
ŶҲͦĵġЦЦǾĿԴɣһսƻ˵Ȥ
ǰĿԴǵͷ
һµʱ䣬ת۹ȥ
춷սһսڽ졣
۷ǾȻһɽһֲý۷ǡ
öˣһᶼʮλ۾ˣһսѾϵĹע
Ѿ۷ǣԽԽ࣬۷ǸΧˮйͨˡ
֮УһѧԺǵķɴʻ֮ͣУҷɴ˶ǻ
ˡ
Ǹɱ˽׹ķյôȻӢ۳ꡣ
һսڴ
ţеΪӮеΪ춷սӮ
ɴ֮С
壬ĵľȻһܻˡ
Сʱܻԥ˰죬ӣˣӮˣյȼ֣Ѿﵽȼ

ǵģĿǰֻʮ˴ﵽ𡣡˵
ŶȻʮˣˡˣҰҵĶҪˡ
õģˡӦ
ҲʱԶһٵĳѾﵽǹ١
ֻʮ֮һʱ䣬һӰѾķɴǰ档
ң춷սˣ
Į˵Ļ
춷ս춷ս
ƣֲôǿ˵Ѿɱʮλ۾
ǰһսҿ춷սӮˡ
ɱ˹ķյģҾʤ
ܻ֪ɣ񲻹һСˣǳ¾ķյʱ򣬳û͵Ϯɱ˹ķյġ
ʲô͵Ϯ
Щţࡣ
Զ춷Ҳںͼš
ӻ˵ãĴսתҾȻҪܻס̹Ц̹µĸףҲһλ벽ࡣ
ҶսĵĺܣͻƵ۾϶⣬ԺǿܳΪһۡ˵̹ŮҲ˲Ǵ񹦣ֻǲƪԺѱܳΪһŮۡ춷ЦûлޣǾͶһΡ
˵˵ԸǿҿɲҶĻ¡ƤЦⲻЦ˵ţʵҪˣ춷ս춷һӣԺҲܼ̳춷Ĺ֮λȫһУ¼˹ȥѵҪһΪ춷
ߣԱߵһӣ̲ס춷һʥĹ춷ʥνǳ޲ǳԿ춷Ҫʹ˵˼ǲˡ
쿴սͿʼˡʱָָƺڻΡ
ʲôÿģսΪôǶ֡춷Į˵š
Ҫ˵̫һ춷սˣɾʹˡʥ󳰷
Ȼ˵ǸҲҴģӮˣʮ鲻ྦྷ춷սӮˣʮ鲻ྦྷ춷
ʥԥ
˵ʵûжģǸ춷սʵǼʶģ֮ͬ޵С
ôˣҪˣ㲻ྦྷ춷ѾЩȵ˼
ߣʲôҵģס˵ĻҲྦྷʮ顣ʥߵ̹͸ǵ֤
û⣬˵̵˵š
۷Ͽգӷɴ˳
˿Χǳ飬ҲѡսҪԭʵٷ֮һٶķӳ


1337 Ұܰɣ
֮ˣԼá
ǰ춷սоһɳս⣬һҪ˺Ŀһμ춷սֻһۣ춷ս͸˼̵ӡ
һǿĶ֣ﰵԼӡ
춷ս۾ܴ󣬴͸һֺεսû뵽㾹ȻĸҺһսһ㣬㣬㣬ڽ£߱˭š
˵ţȫļнʶһ಻ϵɽһ
Ҳǡ
ֻ֣ȴǸһֺܳȵĸоڸ߱ˣäĿӦսʮ׼
ܺã
춷սȵСɽʯ˷顣
ս
ֻһ֣˺춷սľ롣
ս
ս
ս
ҲǸźǺӣɢеĳǹⶼǸ
սΪս춷սȫһɫĹ⻪֮УҲӲİθ˾ųߣһԶŵħڳŲţΪʲôֻôߣΪʲôֻô
˶һȻ춷ս֮󣬿ǹսѾΪʵʵ춷ս

ɫ࣬ǵһμܰսôãҲǴս񹦵档
ɣ
ȴҲǺʾ
ս죡
춷սٶԣһȭͷסһԶŵĴڱպϣȫպϣеһжΪ˺ڰûκɫʣûκζûκеһжΪޡ
һȭ٣ظ֮ơ
ã
̲סҪΪ춷սȲҲη˿ֻȫҫҫ۵ǹ⣬ǳ໥ӦȻǳ֮к֮С漴͵һȭ̺һȭȻһǳһ㣬ǳ໥Ӧ
ƣ
˼ͬʱֻǿƽһ˺ҧһ㣬ֲ
һ죬˵ж¶𾪵ɫԷʵԼԤϡ

սսս
춷սһ̤գ˫ȭѾ޴һϵسȥ
ǳǳͶһγ֮ΪһѰѵķɽֵס춷սĹֻһѰѵķɽ飬ҲѸٵĺˣֱԶ춷սĹΧ
ǿգȻž
˿ĶľһЩͽ׵ĵ۾

ﾳôҸоǽ׵ĵ۾Ҳûôǿ
ǸȻס춷սй
춷ЩȻǰһĻʥ˿˷ֻϹȥѡĺ춷ԶģʵǾ񲻿ȡʤġ˭뵽Ȼ춷սսôã˿·磬ȫǺ춷ս൱ĸо
ãˡ춷ս˵ţֻһȻһ׽ɫףҲһԶŵսһ㣬棬Ǻӡ
սǴս
֪˭˵һ䣬˶Ǿޱȣ
߾磬Ȼ˴ս̹Ȼѣ˲š
սĵơսǴս磬ôսսܻװĹʮķս߾ʩչһĽĽ׵۾ƿķֻйĵķݡֻ춷ս춷춷Ц˵Ժ
ߣ̫硣ɫ΢䣬û뵽춷սȻ
ҸһĵĻᡣ춷ս鸩ӷˣ˸ϣ˵˶һֶ͡һˣɲֻᡣ
Ҫҡҡͷ춷սѾŹͷˡ
֪֮ĲѾж춷սǿ㣬ķڷ춷ս˵ţһʮȥȻһȭٴγȥʱձ飬һѷһӳȥԴͷȭͷȭͷĿ
һȭѾ۾ɫ䡣
Ұܰɣ춷ս쳹ŭ궼Ƿ
ң̫뵱Ȼˡɫ࣬˵ţԺ֮ʮǳͬʱӦܱߵʮǳǷޱȵĹâһǹ֮۶γһﳤǳ֮ţϿ̻ŵһǳͼеǳһһӦ


1338 ҾȻ
ʲô
˿ǳ֮ţ˾֮ɫ
춷λҲĿɿڴǶǽӽۼĵ۾￴ǳ֮֮ʮǳ֮ϵ
ܣܣܣ
춷սţɫȭͷǳ֮ϡ
ɾʱǳ֮ŷҫ۵Ĺâһǳ춷սˮһ㣬ÿǳӦģ֮еʮǳ΢΢ǳĲֱӵƬ֮ڵƽʧأռ˲һġ
ʱҲѾע⵽ˡ
סˣסˣ
ʲôȻܽǳΪԼá
̫ˣֱ̫ˡ
춷սҲһɫ㲻ܵסģܵġ
һлɱλ׵ĵ۾ֱ񲻹һߣƾʲôܵס
ãѾ̲סƣȫԱ춷ķŭɫ
춷սôݷģϵսӿݣ춷սţţֻǵסһȭѣһһȭһǧȭ
˵ţȭͷһ£ǳ֮ȥ
ǳҡҷǹȴԽԽҫۡ
һȭȭһǧȭ֮˶Ѿľˡ
ûõģֻҪϵʮǳڣʹǳ֮š𣬡ǿֶôֻЩ㾡ɣ
䣬㾹ȻҪ䡭춷սɫ͹𣬡ãȻˣʶһǿֶΣսս壡
ȻðɫѪҺͼ⾹Ȼȼһ˻֮ɫ
վǺȻʹǿյǳ
սȻѴս˵߾磬Ҷ֪춷оս֮£ͺԶս٣˺һУһУս޵ңսҪȻǿ󣬵ս״̬µս϶Ǳذɡ
춷սһҿɾͲ඼пܡ̶̲סڵ
ߣ˭ʤ˭һأô½ۡߵ
ưɣս޵У춷սһֲһȭ㵹ײǳ֮棬ȭͷӴĵطһſŵǳ˲ʧȥɫʡʱտȥǶӦǳȫΪ촷ۡ
꣡
ǳ֮涼ǳһѷ졣
һѾ׵ĵ۾ˡһ֪Ľ䣬ʻڡ
ǰ춷սͦġԱߵ߻ʵ˵ͷɾͲˣҲ֪ܲܶס
ſҾеơǵĻкܴĵġ

ѿˣǳ֮ѿˣ
춷սҪӮˣ
ǿֲ˵ʵѾڽ֮ˣﾳߡ
ţ˵ս𾪡
һȭٵʮǳҵǳ֮Ŷѷ졣ЩԾ˵ţܺã춷ս춷սĹٴΣǳҪٵˡϧЩǳҵĻϲٵġ
ǳңǳǳ֮ţΪ£
ţֻǰﳤǳ֮žȻѸٵС仯Ϊһǳۣϣ
Ǻ֮У֮һ㡣
ʲôֶΣ춷˿̶̲סȻ
ãǼܿóķʵڳɱӡ
ȻֶΣǳ֮Сܽõǳ֮Ҳ㲻һܵסս״̬µңսҲ޵еġ춷ս緢ŭһ
ôǾɣҲýˡ˵ţϵǳһſǳȻһʧ뵽֮Уʵ֮࣬ȭһУΪ
һ졣
ײһһɾ޴ޱȵϯǺӣ˲ֱӡ

һ֮£ֻ춷սĲҽУֱŹͷȫΪ˷飬ȥĹȴȫǳ۸
˶ĿɿڴȻռϷ硣
ܺãʱǺһָȻŹᣬһָ˲ռ䣬ֱӳ춷ս׷ɱȥ
춷սѾһɡ
ˣҾȻˡ춷սлţѾҡ
СңʱһϵֻһͻȻ֣һ־춷սͬʱһֳץȥҪһ


1339 ʡ߻
һȴǲûжٵ⣬춷ս춷ţ춷Ȼܿȥ
ڳ֣ȫ֮С
ʦ߻ʦ֣񵭵˵ţԶѾõʺ߻ͬʱ˺ѿռ䣬˳
󵨣ǹƽս㾹ȻҲ֣
춷ôҳʶˡСĴ򲻹ϵľͳˣǲ춷ĹҲҪˡ
ʺ߻ͬʱֻһȭߴȥɫȭͷƿռ䣬ȥһ˶ȭӰϯǺӡ
߻ʣ˲ػ
߿ͻȻֵʺ߻ʣѾʧɫоʺ߻ʵĿֲΪǾԶ֮ϡ
ֻ֮䣬ﻹҶԸŵĻæץ춷սԶӡ
ѧԺѧ֮ˣԺһ֮ЦһֻֻΪצֱץߵĺ󱳣߲ǽ˽׵ΪٶȸʣһצֱӾץסļشУĲҽС
ɣֱӾҪɱߣ顣
ңʱһŭޱȵֻһ޴ƴ£֮ݻΪ޾Ŀռ䣬˲סʣֻ֡
춷ʲôһֻһ޴ǳ׹䣬ݺݵ֮ϣʱܻĲռ˲
ʥң춷ɱȴѸٵķԸʣתһ֮ͰµĿռŨΪֻаƴСߺ춷ս
ˣ
춷һգߺ춷սǱץˡ
ĿɿڴĿһĻǰһĻֱ̫˼ˣλѧԺʦȻĹҲ˳֡
ʣû°ɣ߻ѯʵ
޷춷ȷʵɱңҲûô׵ġǧ꣬һܰݺݵزڽ¡ʺ޺˵
û¾ͺã鲻ꡣ߻ʵ֪ѧԺԺıԣԲǳԿ
Զ֮С
ʥҪ춷սɣ춷ƣ˲ֱӡ
ߣֻǿЩ˵ΪҪǿսǾͿսɣʥʮǰ춷ȻҲ¡ʥЦȴǿޱȡ
ܺãܺã춷˵ܺãһֹɱˣҵҪǲֹס
ôǾԡʥ˵ţһս
𣡡
ౣ
ֻ֮гһʮﳤצһ˫չҲʮķˣʺ߻ʡ
˿ˣޱȵķŭ
ʲôȻҲɱǣʵ˵ţצ̽˿ռ֮С
ʣ֣ܲɱһ߻ǵ˫ȼյĶǼž𣬿ֲޱȣҲƻ֮һ㡣
˴˿ѾĿɿڴ֮ͻȻʲô
ǿվޣǵı嶼ǿվޡ
֪˭һ䣬ҲǷ˾ޱȵ
ʲôǿվޣǶ֮飬˵֮е̫̫ˣԲѴ֮ླ磬Ϊ顣
ֲĵԭͷǿվޣҿȼͣһƺ̫Ѫһƺ̫˵Ѫ춷ɫˣǵΪҲǸոմﵽŽףѾǰ벽࣬ӽ۵ļѹǡ
ôǾԣ
ڳԣҿǲ֪ôдġ
ʺ߻Ѿ˹׼ʱҪΧɱ춷
춷ҿô죬λ۾һ㻹пܡʥЦҲԾԾԣֻҪһ춷Ҳˡ̹ղײգҲһɱ춷ʱƽ춷
ҾͲˡ̹ѣʥʲô˵ͻҪΧɱ춷ʮİôĴӦˣɹãɹˣ͵춷ıɡ
Χ۵ĵ۾ҲĿɿڴ
ǲЩˣһʮϵĽ͸ˡ
ãõúܡ춷ɫޱȣʥ󣬼ȻҽͰһɱˣ㿴һ£ʮȥ֮ĲѾж󡣡
ߣôһʶһ¡ʥ˵ţʺ߻ʣ˳֮ư춷ΧҪ֣ǿЦ


1340 ɷ
ɱ
ɱ
ʺ߻ʻ࿴һۣȾǶ֡
һצ̽˺Ѳ񷣬ֱӴ޾ռ֮г춷ؿץȥһ̺ſֲĽ֮֮ҲĽ֮ޡ
ƾһŽ۷嶼ǿվޣҲҶҳ֣ﵽ˰벽ླ磬ҿܻη֡ôҵĶ֣ǵʮоܻɱ㡣춷Цһֵֻ޾Ŀռ䣬ȻЩռ侹Ȼ۵ʵһצҲռ֮УҲǱռ֮۵
𣡡
ǿռ֮ȻҪ۶צĸоһתצ֮ϣͬʱһצҲ˺ѹȥǲ۵Ŀռű˺ռ䣬ȴζ춷շĿռ䣬ȻӲ˳̶ȡ

߻ʱſһ£޾ļž춷Ҫճɻҽ
ÿֲĻ棬λҲˡĻҲ˲˿ҵĿռ֮ѾһռĵزĻңͻᱻĿռǷϵĲࡣǽ𣬻ǻ𣬶ֻȷѣȴǶȷ򡣡춷ЦֵĿռ䣬еļžȫĿռˣȫ춷á
춷˵˵ˣκηĵزǿޱȵġǿĻ֮飬û֮ѹһЩһȷĲࡣȷԳɾʹԲ񡣡˵ţһն춷һ䣡
ֻһնȥշ貵ǹ⣬һȥȻǳ׹䣬ȼһ˿â
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춷Ե쳣ŭͬʱҲ˼ʮȥû뵽ʵһ㶼ûг㿴ʮʱ棬ʲô
˵ţ춷Ȼһֳֻǳץȥֻת˲ͺͱսӴһ顣

ȵսһױԴһܽסġ
㣬֪ڵľ絽˺εȵز춷˵ţֻʥսȻһڵеĵطȻһڣȻڽӶĳ֣˶Ǵ󾪲ѡ
ôܣ̹Ǵһ¶𾪵ɫǾͺ춷ֱץסʥһĵһ
˵ľͬ춷ȫ˵춷ʵѾԶʥ֮ˡ
շշ㾹Ȼշ֮յĵزʥ󾪺ޱȣʲô֮գǾ͸ʵڲռ䣬֮дռȫ£ӦҲֻƤëȫֶΣ϶ѾۣͻƵ֮ˡ
ȷʵƤëԸѾ㹻ˡ춷Ц
λ۾춷Ѿ˾磬öԸˡʥʺ߻ʵ취ߣȥ֮㡣
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ʺ߻ʼͬʱӦҲ춷ǿʵȷʵԶԶ֮ϡ
죬˭߲ҼȻ¶ʵٸκλᡣ춷˵ţһֻֻΪ޴ȭͷͳʥȥǿ˸˼һȭŤ˿ռ䣬ȴ˲䵽˱ߣֱӺؿڣõȥ⵶ٱ춷һռ䣬Ȼ󱬿ȫܱĿƣֱӾֶ
飡
󱻺˳ȥ֮еĽ綼ǳһѷ졣
ʥ󣬽ڡ춷ű󹥻ȥһֱɱ

߻ʣ棡
ʺ߻ͬʱ֣뿴ʥȥ
ڣȻ춷ʺͷˣɱȻһȭȥĿռֱסʺ߻ʡ
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ǻʲôԺɷⱱΪ˾ǣ뵽㾳أôҲˡ߻ʱߴ
ԣԣҾ˵Ժôⶫԭϵǻһ١˷뵽ʲôֱӳһӨ͸ķ׭ԼԼԿһ֡׭ֵһ˲䣬ΧĿռ˲ٵ۾ǿ߸Ǹоһǲһɻص
ɷʲô춷ҲɫȻֺܲԤС


1341 ɡ
춷군ˣ¶ŵЦݣһɷ֮Уֻɷǻеװñһҫ۵Ĺâ
ʲô⣿춷±֮УѾоһΣա
ʱֻɷַ˱仯ġɡֱ֣ӷֳ֣ԱߵֱӻûһɷһˣɽǻûһӡŻͻ
˶ǿˣֶμֱǷ˼־ȻܻΪ˺ӡ
𾪵Ļں棬ֻ˵ͺһ߶ǴӡȻ˲춷Ȼݺݵĸȥ
ڴӡȥ˲䣬ӡϷûǺʱӰƺŨһӡ֮С
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⵽ʲôȻӿռϵľ룬ѵһλռϵıﲻɡ
춷ﰵȣһвУѸٵĿʼռ䣬ÿռסӡĽ䡣ֻǴӡȻһֿµƿԣĿռӡ顣
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춷뵽ʲôķûôõϵҲֻԥۿŴӡԽԽһ鲻ྦྷȻ߶ȫֱ˫о٣סĴӡ
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춷¶һ˿֮ɫҲһȻ
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ʡˡʥͬʱ֣Ҫ춷ء
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û취շߣûס
ûסûԺȻ˵ߣֱɢ
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˭뵽Ȿ춷սһսȴǱӣ㵼һĹ䡣
ӾӰɣûиǧ꣬춷ָʥתЦ
⵹Ҳǣʱ͸Ϊˡʺ߻ʻ˵ͷѾ춷һ¡
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Ǻãߡ˵ţѾƿռ䣬ʧǺ֮У˵ʱ黹þòƽϢ
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Ȼʥ·ϣϢѾ˻ֻһҪλͣȥõʳ׼áУøλӶһͬ


1342 
ǣܹܣ
Ӧ׷׶Υ
ʥ˭֪ܹܣǿʥĸʥһʥǲڣдȫȫȨʥŮ˺ŮҲӡȻҪһԭҲҲһλ벽࣬ʵʥ
źһУ߲ŷġ
ǰʥĹˣĿǰʥĽ򺭸ʮĸϵڼ㣬춷ʮϵĽ˿ڣǲ˲١ʥָԶһž޴ĵɫ򣬻˵
һʵһĽС˿ڶ٣ǿ٣ǷŽᣬǱʶոһɨʥĹʥľĴзʵѾ˾Ҳֻࡣʵ˵
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һѧԺѧι¡һ£һջ񡣡ЦЦ
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ʥӭ͵ǣҪ֡ʥ͵ֻһû˵ʮսӭӣѾʥ߹ĿǰҲЩĹŻõųΪ˻ӭʡ߻ʺˣʵѾˡ
⵹Ǻǵ񡣡
ָʡ˺ʥĹ

ߴżλ󳼣
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ǰʣѧԺǷˣһ꣬һ˾ȻҪһ鲻ྦྷ澺ɽܲշѶ󡣡ʥҲ̲סʮ鲻ྦྷܸÿŪһһױԴˡ
λӣƺҲ뿪ֹʥ
ֻʱʥɫѾһƬǶʲôѧԺ֪ǸʽôģûѧԺλʦ֣Ҷܱ춷ɱˡٿԱλѧԺѧǻ춷ľ춷ս
ʲôʾȻΣգ
춷ս
ôܣ춷սǺųƵ۾֮޵Уܸһͬˣ
λӶɫһŵɫ


1343 С⣿
ʥĸӵı֣Щŭ䲻֪ʲôһҵĶӣʥĻӣ͸߰Դ޷졣ʥȷǾǾʲôھ滹гްھ棬춷Ҳһֱ֮ĲʥһնɱԺǻʥһʥˣǵҲ͵ˡ
ʥ˵ţ˶һ
ҵĶӣҪеΣǲðʥɽҪΪʥĿɽʥ󵭵˵ţͬѧѹ춷սʵȽĽ׵ĵ۾ֵѧϰĵطţôѧѧԺһ֮ȥ꣬ҲΪǺá
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ʥ˵ͷ̾һ˽ңұĻѧԺҲûϣǺռһѧԺ鱨ȴǷѧԺԶûбϵô򵥡ñʵҲֻѧԺѧ֮һѧԺ֮лвȼ硣
һһͻ춷սмѧǾͿˣѧԺǴ﷢ֵôš
ʥҡҡͷΪЩ˱ţǾʹشˣҵõϣ֮ǰҲһͨˣʲô츳ѧԺĳɾ͡ĲѧԺ
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ؼǣѧԺӳֵڣο޽Σȴɵضȹ⣬鱨滹ᵽһ飬澺̹۾ѧԺԺ֣Ȼû˵ô̹۾ȥֻ֮˰ʱͻƵ˰벽ླ硣ͻٶȣֱǷ˼λʦΪ֮𾪡̹۾֮͸¶ʵѧԺԺָôͻƣѧԺԺ˵İʦ
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ģѧԺȻĽѣһḺΡʻȻȴ͵͵ʥ󣬡ĸСӽѧԺҿҲһЩйµ˼ʵɲˣ춷ѧԺʲô⡣˵ɣش춷ǿɷɲʲôһԵķԺһСѡ
С⣿һ캧ˣʲ˵ҲΪɷѧԺżȻõһֻû뵽ǸѧԺԺԼġһ£ѧԺԺСⶼش춷ѧԺԺʵָõһҲǴۼ
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ѧԺ֮һȴ˰ǵĸʶڴߣǧҪ˷ѧϰʱ䡣߻ʶʥĻ˵š
ǣ߻ʦͬʱ˵ţҲһζѧԺ˺ġ
ϵˣʱվֱӿռԾѧԺ

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˵Ľ֤ƾǿɳѧԺֻǽѧԺ֮ЩطΪǲѧԺʽѧǧҪŽȥҪΣա߻ʰѧ֤ʥĻӣʽѧԺ֮ǰȸǽһѧԺ
ʱѧԺĶûء


1344 ӭѧԺ
߻ʱѾڵǲǺܺ棬ѧԺӰӶûʵԭܼ򵥣ѧԺһĴԪ֮Уǵò˵ǣǹˣҲҲѧԺλá֪֤;˰ɣǵ֤ͨ
ʥĻӲţԭ֤Ȼôôûн֤ѧԺȥ
ֻѧԺȻһĴԪ֮Уʲô˼һԪ˼ô
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ʥĻѾЩˣֱǲһ
ЩԹˣ֪ҲûжôǽѧԺѧԺ֮ĿǰΪĿ飬ֱӦСѧввʹѧСѧѧΪԭһ׵ʮףвѧΪڷ쾳⾳вѧΪڻ羳ڴѧѾµˣֻͻƵླ֮󣬲ʸȥѧϰ
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УǵˣΪѧԺ͵ĹϵÿһЩǺܶ࣬ųһҡ߻ʵˣǲûǮġ
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ѧԺȥһѧԺʳãǿ϶ڵġ߻ȴЦģñѧԺͼݣҲܽȥԽĵĵ伮࣬ʥΪﾳ磬ʵҲܴһС߹һĵ伮ǵǿʾһ£һ߹꣬һͼһЩʣǱȹá
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˴˿ȫ±ˣǻǵһ˵
ˣϸ˵Ҷ˵ˣҴǽѧԺǾ֪ԼһʲôѧԺϣǺúϧʱ⣬п;һĳɾ͡߻ʵ˵ţ֪Լһߣ뿪ѧԺһԪ֮󣬻߻˵û̲ס겻ѡ
ǵĽ֤ԪͻӦǣǴͽȥ
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ʥĻãȻĿǰ磬֮еѧԺѧһɽ壬ѧԺʦ·ʦߵһЩޣԱֲ̻֮һЩֲȫʯˡ
߰ɣٸǽһѧԺע߻ʵ
ֻ˴˿ѾȫȥˣȫΧһЩ쾰סˡ
ѧԺһѧԺƬ֮ʥĵһ˵Ҳͬ뷨
쿴Ǳߣд裬ǵΪվһһʽȻ˿ֲǵΪﵽҵľ磬ҿ϶ǵĶ֡ʥָһط𾪡


1345 ʼϿ
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վʱ򣬿϶ûô
ѧԺѧǿѧԺ̫ˡʥ˵Ҽ澺ܲѧԱȻҲ˲𣬵ѧԺѧܸоǲһЩʲô
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Ŷֲý츨ԱһϿΣԭԭ򡣡ʥţѧԺ⼸죬ʣ˵ľ绮֣ҲʲôԱ༶ѡ޿Ρ޿֮ġ
ʦˡʱ֪˭һ䣬ԶߺȻ߹һӣӿߵĲǺܿ죬ֻǼͿԽ˰ľ룬ǵǰ
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ȻʺʲôʥȻˣΪĸʵҲ˵
Ҳ֪ԺÿǽѧһýΣʱԺ˵д𰸡۵ʥһ޴ϣ˹֮⣬⣬㻹ʲôҪ̵ģ
ʥ˵˼⣬۶˽
һڹʥĻٴξ۵һֻڵǣѾʱȫͬ


1346 ѧԺǽ
ĸˣڿﻹ֮ǰѱѧԺһڣǼֱܵ˱
ѧԺʦѧԺѧȻѧԺʳô˵İ̶
ʥ飬û뵽ȥʳô˵ʱǰ̾ȻָһͨǸȭͷ
ô˵ˣǲҲˡʥʱԹЦ磬˵ѧԺһѧһܣһоͱ˼Ҹſˣǲǣ
û׼áʥޱȡ
ʲôû׼ãǶʶѧԺѧͱǿˣȷʵǡʥò˵ʿԼû뵽͵ѧԺͶˡҸоѧԺĽǰʮĽԼԼģƺҵѧԺһֱ˵Ǹ
ҲǣҺڴԺĽΣʱҾ֪ˡʥ
ϧֻʱ䣬ץˡʥ̾һҰ߻ʦĽ⣬ѧԺͼݽһʣ֮ǳҲȥɣ
Ҳ뷨ʥ˵˵ͷһϿѧԺﵱһʥء

ںӴϵ
ٴλصһڵĹѫѾ಻ˣɽؾʸڱصá
˵ô춷սڰܸ֮ȴûл춷Ǽ˲ɽΪ˲ɽѧԱͼ˵Ӵϵϴε¼֮ѾΪ˺ѡ
ɽ΢΢һ춷սȻļˡ
ˣʵ֮ǰɽȴͬ⣬ϾҪ˲ɽԺ춷սδػĿơҲΪܸˣ춷սǿѾȫ춷ֹȻȻļ˲ɽ츳ս벻ɽѾ˺ĳԱݡͼ˵ʱѾĽ
Ŷҵǰ춷սһѡЦ
ѵһ㲻ģǲɽʲôطɽĴʥ֮һ춷սȥ֮󣬿϶ʵʱ㣬ɾ鷳ˡ
ܻһΣܻڶΣΪҵġ
ðɣ㶼˵ˣһѡ㡣˵˵ֹɽʥҲںӴϵʼһЩšս˭ţ˭ӹţһ֪ɱȥ˶Ķࡣ
սԽԽˣҲڻȻɽؾʸ˵
ţѾѧԺѧﻹҪʲôʥأѧԺҲЩʥˣֻѧԺԶѡͼЩɶʱиʥܿңнȥɣҾԲ
㰡㣬ѧԺ⾳ϵˣһƼ㡣ЦЦðͼȤˣҪȥɱ壬ܹѫˣпġ
пġͼҲǵ
Ҫսɾʱǰˣһߺһˡ
ϸһߣ֪ʲôģ壬ؿһı־Ҳһ
˴˿̣¶һһ۾һ˵ӣЩ
ʲôˣΪʲôҵȥ·üͷ
СӣˡʱЦҽһ£̵ĳ֮һֽ׶ҵĿ죬̵Ҫ󣬿Լ̡
̣ü
̣ɽĴʥ֮֮һĵط׶Ժ˵
ͼ˵ģɽĴʥضںϵˡ̲סĴʥأ˽ġзֱɽɽѧƿصɽؾ澺ƿصɳؾɽƿصڤؾԼ̣ƿصǻԴؾ
ֻǶ˵Ҫʲô̡
ǲ˼ģ;ܾ˼ѾѧԺѧҪʲô̡ĺ⣬ˣûб飬Ǿˡ
⻰׶ɫһ䣬Ҳɫһ䡣
ֻǹ׶û˵ѾŭΪԼ˭Ը㣬ǿ㣬㾹ȻҾܾ
⻰΢΢üѾЩá
׶˼һ£ѯʵǲʲôΪѵģΪѧԺⲻʲô⣬ҿԽ


1347 һҪ
ڹ׶ɽĴʥ֮һûĸŻ᲻ġ֮ûдӦΪ񲻸ұѧԺѧԺֻҪѧԺ鷳һǵѡҲǼ̣Ϊ̵һԱ
˵Ļ㻹ûףҲѧԺڲᣬԺҲᣬԶᡣҽ̣İɡѾЩŭ˵
㡭׶ɫܲÿǰյӣԷĴʥ֮һ̣ûвӦģ⻹һγԱ񣬡񣬿ûк˵̣úĵӵݣΪĵӣźҸټĵӿԻõĴһĵӲҪκδۣܻýԴؾʸһÿһȥһΣÿοһꡣÿĵÿԻǧĹ̶һǽɵԴҪСǧ㣬һһױԴҲͼֵʮ㡣ĵӿǿļֹ񼶵ġģĵӿԵõλ۵ĵָ㡣츳㹻ܹõ̵ĲԽ̵
һˣЩ϶Ѿκˣѵĺܡ
˵ôŹ׶ƽû飬Ҿȸˡ
㻹Ǵܾң֪֪㽫ʧһѵĻᣬԺһڵġ׶ɫܲá
ǣö˵ʲô߳ȥѾټ
ԼʲôˣǿӴ˿̺޺˵ЩˣҪ֪Ϊ˻̺ĵӵݣǸ˼ĴۣݰǰԷȻмһˡ
ȷʵʸﾳŽ׾нĽ׵սѹ춷սһͷ̣һšֻǿϧžȻǸʲôתѧԺȵˣһ䵽é档׶Щϧ˵ȻܾôףҲų澺ܲɽѧ߲ɽҲ룬ѡ֮еһ
ϣô죿ѯʵ
ҴȥѧԺԺ̸̸һҪ̲С׶ǲģԿѧԺĸѧԺԺҪ̣תˡ
ϣǱѧԺǽǣ͵͵Ļ˵ĿŵȥѧԺҪˣ᲻ŭѧԺӳ
汾ǿʵ˵ɽĴʥ֮һѧԺҪһѧǸ׶˵ţһҪˡ
˵еѧԺûн̵罻̡ӵ˵ͷ

֮С
𣬺þò׶
׶ϣôϵ۾ޱȣʶ׶ģΪ̵Χӣ⻹һܡ
ڴ̵ѡӣ˵û뵽㾹ȻҲ˵۾硣׶ЦЦ̣˵лΪĵӡ
ƼΪĵ̫ˣҸ롣۾Ц֪֮еģϾЩĵӻǿԱȼ糤ϵģڶԶˣ˵׶ϣ㵽ϵǿϵʲôŰɣ
ȷʵģ˽񣬲ѧԺѧ׶ֱԵ
ѧԺ۾һæ׶ʹãѧԺԺΪǿޱȣѧ϶ᱻ
һССѧԺһں׶ЦЦ۾ǵĹͷˣ̵ʵǣɽҪ֡
˵ģѧԺʵǿֲԶ֪ǵʲôĵ̡۾ȴǽפصЩ꣬ԽԽѧԺľ֮ѾѧԺ˾η֮ġ
㲻ö˵ˣ㣬ֻһѧԺԺˡ׶ߵѾЩˡ
ǡ
ûʲôǣ̵ΧӣҲӦġ
۾˵ͷҧҧãһΣԺʲô飬ҾԲӦ
׶ЦһЩмλԵɺϣ벻۾
۾һߣʼϵѧԺ
ʱӵ˵ʲô۾ǱѧԺԺ⵽ģǹ˵ġ


1348 
۾һ⻰÷ȫڹ
Źʮ֮۾˻ˣѧԺԺ˭ܼģֻԼѧԺһλʦλʦ˳ۣ˵ѧԺĴԺΪ
׶˵ͷ֪۾Ѿˡ
ȴѧԺԺӵͦ󡣡
۾ǿŹ׶һƳһ㵹ʲôû˵ѾûмѧԺλԺĿֲѧԺԺ˵Ļǧҡ
ŰСʱеһطһƣȻǲ߳һӣۡ
ۡ۾ɲܱô룬ͳһ
ʲôۣҲСٴ˵ɾʱһ۳ȥһ˫ʲô۾ƺһŻͨŻԿĴԪ硣ʱȥ˶Ǵľƶˣ۴ջĿ⣬Ÿоع鵽壬ʱѾһ麹
ɫ԰ףֹ׶Ȼδ״
ʱһ뵽Ժٸ˵СԶ˿ڡ
㡭˵ʲôȴȫȥʱŵĻ겻壬ٿˡ
ңʱ򻺻ڣ˹׶ϴһɲݵϡ
̳Ϲ׶̸һ̸׶оһ˿ļ£ܿ͵
̸ʲôʱܽûպ㳤ġ˵ţһλƮƮ棬ˣء
Ȼȫҵ£׶΢΢üﰵޣǵģ˵ѧԺѧ˵ʵѧԺȫ˷츳̣Ҳܵõõ
˵ʲôֱֱĿŹ׶Ȼһ˿ĲţһûлôԽбˡ
ߣʮ鲻ྦྷһ񼶹ִһˡ׶ֱӿҲ˵Ĺˡ
˼˶еѧԺͷˣˣ˵ط͵վһǿѹס˹׶ѧԺǽǣ˭ĵӣŲһ㡣
׶۵֣оǱ޶һѾŭôĵӣȻ˵ҿ̵ĳϣǿǡ
ֻǲ˵꣬Ѿôһ֪ġɽĴʥ֮һ澺ܲɽѧɽУĵط˼Դ롣
֪Ȼ׶ɵۡ
㣡ޱȵ䣬ҹʲộʲôʥأѧԺˣǾѧԺĵˡڸҹϵϵ㣬̳ϽϵСѧԺ
˵ʲô׶ţǵһ˸˵
˵ûôȻˣҾһ̡۵˵ţһס׶ӣ׶߽۷ΪȻȫѲֻ֮дһŻ׶ֱӱ˽ȥ
պָܿؾ׶Ӷǲˡ
˱۷ˣ֪뿪ϵԶϵľ붼ֹ
ʦҲǹΪ׶ģ̵ֻΧӣȫǱΡ۾ޱǿƣŵվ͵
֪²Ϊ˵꣬ת뿪
ھϵ֪ڹĵط׶˷ŭޱȵѧԺʵ̫̫
һţɪɪ
ѧԺ֮С
۰ǣû˿
ȴЦ㲻ðǹ׶ˣңֱӴȫͷӵſڣԺ󻹸ˡ
۲գ´һξˡ
ǵ˵ͷʱԼȻϵͳ
ѧԺ֪Ҫκ䶯顣һ￨װʮɷһƸʮݿһŶ򿨣ʮ츳Ƭһµ硣
ЩȵĿֵ񣬲ò˵õȣⶼȥ˰ˡ
ϸɵѶƺܸߣӦĽҲܲ


1349 
ǿһ磬ڵѧԺֱ̫Ҫˡ
ݿ츳ƬȵȣҲޱĶ
Ժ̵ӣ̶벻ưոݡ룬Щĵ˵
ɽǳĲȻưոݣһվҪʵ˵̵޷Ŵϵֵ£Ҳǡǻ˵ţֻҪʶѧԺʵȻ֪Ѷˡ
Ժľͺá۵
ҷģһĴۣһӦġ΢΢һЦˣҲȥںӴϵһʱ䣬춷˴δظѧԺս϶ԸѧԺѧҲһ鷳
춷ʵۻһξ룬ٸҳֱ֣Ӷצӡޱȵ˵ţȻҲûд۵ʵҲһĵ۾Աȵġ

׶ʱ䣬ڻص̡
һƬȼܻ֮Уһ޴½أ½мʮڹﳤ½ɽߵǧߡ
ϣ׶
ģҪ׶һ˵ţʮֵĿ¡
ڻ塣һ
£׶Ѿֱ塣
һɽ壬ȼܻ棬ɽ뾹Ȼһʮľ޴󹬵̽ڵĹҲµĵط
׶Ҫ档һʢ˵ϸӣȻҲһλ׵ĵ۾ʱڴ֮ڵһüŻӡǣ׸ߣϴźɫװ̲ס̧ͷ
̵Ľֽķ
ˣһǰҾͽӵѶϢ֪ľڼȻѾˣǾ˵ɡķ˵ţ˼һһѶϢʹ˳ȥʱֻ֮ڣտҲĵ棬Ѹٵĳһף֮࣬Щ׵˼ǲĴ磬ơ
УڰķλϵΪֲ
λϣ׶ϴ˴ѡεӣһЩ飬漰̵Ҫһϸķ˵ţ̣ʵеֹҵƣȨҲ޵ĺܣˣù׶Ͻ龭
һڳϵĿ֮У׶˽
׶˵һ顣ķ
ǣ׶ӦȻҧгݵĿʼѧԺŹ׶֮ڵ೤϶Ѿŭ졣
ССѧԺȻҰ̵ĳϳӳϵ
дֱд
ѧԺ˿̷һҪһѵ
ҲҪܵͷ
ڹ׶˵֮һȺ̳˵׷ǴѧԺ
ڰķҵλӣ˿ҲɫÿȻҲˡ
ķʱһӣǰѶϢȻȫǹѧԺģ֪λϿ϶һŭϸ鿴һѧԺȴǷѧԺܲ򵥡ڸλϿľռ乺򵽵ѧԺ鱨㻨ʮ鲻ྦྷ
ʮ鲻ྦྷȻôࣿ
һ㻨ĲྦྷԽ࣬ʹҪ˻Խֲ
㶼鵽ʲô
ķ鵽˺ܶණҪһѧԺԺһλۡ
ʲôۣ
ôܣϵʺĵطôܵۡ
Ǹ˰ɣ
ķҡҡͷռ鱨ܲȫе鱨дΪѧԺԺһλۣ߽ӽ۵ΪŸôǵĹ׶ϳ֡
һڳϸ룬úе
Ǻܿ죬֮Ա
˵ƣѧԺԺһλôܽ
ҲλۣΪɽ򶥼ġ
۳֣ѧԺһѵ֪ŭ̵³
ˣʱѾԾĿڰķҵλӡ
̵λۣҲϵǿսɽǰеǿߡ
Jϡӯ꾳ϣôķҲһλۼ̫ϳϡ
þûгˣͷˣȻ˸ð̣Ҿͻһ½ǣһѵֱߵǸӻ˵ţӯ꾳ϣ˸ϲΪӯ꾴ۡ
ӯ꾴Ҫ֣һȺ۾ϲʤʱǲԾĿһλ̴ۡ


1350 Ҫȭͷ
ֱߵλۣȻûһֵͬ˼
ֻһССѧԺԺǲǴۻ˵Һӯһ֣䡣
԰֮ɫ
ɽǰʮĴۣһѧԺԺ
⵹Ҳǣ̵ͬʱ֣Ҳ̧̫ѧԺԺˡķЦҲǷ׷״Ц
ӯ꾴۳Ѿ´ˡ
ɽЩ棬ӯ꾴۵ۺʵʮţѧԺԺǴۣҲǵ׵ģ϶ӯ꾵۾
ӯ꾴ۣǾ͵ĺϢˡ
һȺ˵ţӯ꾴۳ֳģǾûеӯ꾴ۻ䡣
̵һڲˣһȺ˶⣬׶ִñĿС
죬ӯ꾴۾ͳˣңԶϵƺԤϵһλǿߵĵԵϵ֮һƬ֮Уϥ
֮
ӯ꾴۵Ӱϵ֮УϵķЦһߵĵطɽˣطܵʲôǿߣ˵ѧԺԺǴۣҿռˡôóɾ͵ģһҲȼʮ˶ѣÿһۿɶԺǿߣΪ
˵ģӯܳΪ۶Ǿβɥ
ˣϵʰѧԺԺ֪ð̵³Ҳܻȥˡ˵ţӯ꾴ٴ˺ѿռ䣬Ҫϵȥ
ɾʱ֮гһȦȦĲƣһȻֹ˺ѿռ䡣
ɫһ䡣
ѸٵĳԶȥ˾֮һӰǸӰվ֮УȻƺںϵһ顣
ʲôˣӯ꾴۳
ѧԺԺǡ𣬸ȴ˲䴫뵽ӯ꾵Ķ䣬ӯ꾵Ķ˵һ
ѧԺԺΪ֪ˣû뵽㾹ȻԼˣǺüˡӯЦð̣ҸһᣬֻҪ繫̵ǸȻѧԺǾͼ̣ĹѧԺһΡ
ΪǡҡҡͷǸǲܵģѧԺ룬ʶ࣬߰ɡ
û̸ˣȻˣҾʹ㣬ʹǸӯ꾺ߵ
˵˵ȥҪȭͷΡ
ߣΪеʵ͸̶Ҿ͸㣬ʲôǿߡӯ˵ţ۳ֲһ
ɱ
ӯ˵ţһȭǺ˹ȥȭͷ澹ȻɿֲһһȴǺ
֮£һ㣬Ƕ
ˮ򣬲ԣ򡣡
һǴۼķȻǿǶȷ򡣡
˲䣬ǾͿЩ
ʱǺԥҲһȭһȭֵ˲䣬ֻһ޾ĺڰ֮УֻһǺȻһҫ۵ĹâȻͿʲôըһʿʼҷɡٸţЩɳȥ۳һſŵһ½أ
һȭӯ꾶ɵˡ
䣡
ǿֲȭͷӯ꾸оеǷֱƽˡ
ʲôȭȻ̺浮İ塣ӯɫһ䣬˳ȥ¶˲
Դȭʱû֣ȷҹĦǵ˵ţҲٸһλᣬߣ뿪Ȼ뿪ûôˡ
ߣ㲻ʩչһȭסңǿЦҵʵûչֳأҾ֪ʲôǾӯЦһսϸսһֹϵͼڣɬѶɣҵĴ¾񵶣
˵ţһĳն˹ȥ
һĵÿһȻп˿ռ䣬նʱ
ֻоΧĿռȫиһģĵӿռϮɱ
ȷʵҲˣֻռȻѾ뵽һ֮С
ôһУӯɫĵն˳ȥǰǵĵԽԽܣͬʱʼС
ǺĵҶûвͰҸΧΣյľءңǲһ㡣ǵ˵ţȴǼԼ¯гﲻһ¯οЩ


1351 ̬ת
˵ţ¯͵ط⣬֮⣬֮⣬һеķһеʣһеǰҪΪСɳȥ֮ݻһ޴ͷ­ͷ­ϵһţ濴ȥȻ簢ǵһ㣬ףǿֲ
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ҲһСǿӯ꾴ۣһ˳ȥֻƽƽ棬Ȼܻ磬ǳɽȻҲһһΣһȥȻʹƬռ䶼Ǹ˽ȥ
ӯ꾵۾ֻоռ任ȡ֮еĿռ֮Уʧȥ˶ĸӦ
һƣоȻԳ磬кܸߵĿռʩչӯ꾵۾ٴθе𾪣ʱԥĴ߶սеעУһն˳ȥֻһת
춴޼ƿգ
ӯţһеؿռ䣬Ҫѿ
һ֮£ȻϢ
Ȼںˣޣϧӯ꾶⻹ͣڱ棬ҲֻϵںϣǷϵںϣȻܴܿɱһȷʱҲͲʵˡ
˵ţǵѸٵıպϣ͵ؾҪӯ꾸߬С
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ҾȻѹģʲôʽȻ˲˿ĻѾڲ֮ˡӯ꾽ȭͷռ鱨ȻûһλۣʵҪɽҪǰʮ֮С
Ҫôǵ˵ţ֪㻹һֶûʩչҲһĻȻ˿ʤ㡣
ӯ꾳ĬȷʵһЩƣھʩչЩƣҲûܻǡ
˼ãӯҧҧѧԺԺȻ鴫ܽˡε飬û취ԺҲ׷ѧԺΣǣ
߲ͣ
΢΢һЦĿӯ꾵۾뿪
ʱ۳ԣԺʵаӯ꾵۾ģ԰ɣ
תһϵķȥʱŻ𣺡ȷʵգǾͺ̲ˡڵĻûбҪϾ̵ĺ棬վŲ֮еĲླ顣һۺǣЩѲҲĴʥɽԪԭǰѧԺģǲҪǷˡ
꣬զ಻ѣԺɶʱôºаǰǻ˵Ҫѹ׶ȫͷء

ӯ꾵۾ܿͻص̡
֮Уӯע£ڵѧԺԺʵﵽ˴ۼҶκã󲻵òߡ
˻һһƬȻ
ôܣѧԺԺʵȻôǿ
ӯ꾳ڴ֮ʮţѵѧԺԺ֮ϡ
ǼˣѧԺðģ
һȺ̵۾ʵġ
ӯ꾣ѧԺԺ֣ĸоҺѧԺԺȣ˭ʵʤһʱJϻڣȴһս⡣
˲ԾĿӯ꾡
ӯΪ˼һڵJʵɽǰʮʵȲ飬ڷJﶼ߹СѧԺԺȻҲһЩʵJȣӦûЩ롣
JѧԺԺҲͲΪˡ
ӯ꾵˵ͷȴȰȻˣȻѾ֤ʵѧԺԺд۵ʵҿѧԺҲǽ𣬴²ˡһۼǿ߿ѧԺҪѧҲȷʵǷ֮˺ѧԺݣֻʥؿЦвֵ
ۼǿ߿ѧԺӻҪԷġķҲǵ۾Ȼ׷׸ڵ֪ŴۼʵҲӯ꾵۾ǵ̬Ѿȫˣʵĺôֻʵء
ͬʱҲõϢ


1352 ѧԺѧ
澺ܲ
һűƿֻǴ澹ȻһƬ嫵ǿգȻǿ֮Ĺ㡣
ϸһĹ㣬Ȼһĵ۾ǿߡ
£ոյõϢ̵ӯ꾵۾Ϊ飬ǰȥѧԺȴ޹һ𣬡ԣѾȷѧԺԺŴ۵ʵɽµĴ棬ҲѾѧԺԺʵݶΪʮˣӯ꾵۾֮ϡ
ѧԺԺѵǸѧԺԺһȫĥ
ʦָҵǸѧԺԺҾ;λѧԺԺﵽ˴ۼڿȻ˵ľȻ̹۾Ҳﵽ˰벽ླ磬ʸμĻ顣
ɽϼصĴۣһҲͲʮˣ׼ȷ˵ǶʮˣڵʮλѾǿˡʵɽҪӡ۾ҲֻܻһȥӵأȴʱҪϵĴ
Ҳ׷׵ͷڴۣЩ֮ûʲôηġ
Σһۣԭ˵ҲǺ¡Ǳ߽ںӴϵսȥһ۵ʱ𵽺ܹؼáˣˣֻ֪ɣرע˵꣬˺ڰ֮С
ɽһ޴ɽ壬ݺ
ɽϻްɽһƬĿռ֮УҲ̸ͬ顣
ѧԺԺȻһλۣ˼ˡҼǵǰлǸ춷սţǰѧԺһѧСһˬʵ𣬶ѭȥǾȻһźԴӡ
ǰ춷սǵľĵ̣´ɾͲǶˡ˵
ҲᣬֻǰϢߴңԺû±ȥѧԺԺɢᡣڸ߸ߵһɽελ棬һ岻ߵ˵ţЩͷ
ˣһҪȥ̵ءתͲټʧ˿ռ֮С
ɽ
ѧԺ£ţ־СĴʥرΪʥأô׵ġһӷĶ΢΢ҡͷ
˵öԣһʥأϵؾ෱ĹΪǿһЩʦȱһɡҲֻҪԴǲɹѧԺڵĵطһߴϵ߱Աһ˻ص
ȷʵһİ첻ѧԺʱһЦЦסƺ͵ǵѧԺˡ

ֻǴ˿̵ѧԺ֮УЩ
ϵͳҪҽѧԺ֪ɵκ䶯飬Һӯ꾴һսռϷ磬Ժ䶯ġ֪˶࣬˵䶯ˣ˵ǲҪһأǸ̵
ʲôǾǳŪ֪
ֻǺܿ죬ǾͷˣĻǲǴ̵ô
װ״һûᰡ̾һ˭ѧԺڻҪԵ͵Ϊ

ʱȥת˲Ƕʮꡣ
õĹѫѾƽڣѧΪҲڻţǷչѸ١
ھʮСϵĵطһҶֵĺǼɴʲô顣
˾ȥѧԺ״ôܸӮѧԺ϶ỤԼѧ˵Ϊ˶ĿǻֱɱˡһƤ£ʯͷɫһŮӻ˵
ģҼѧԺһλʦǺܺ˵ġֻǿϧʯһûܱѧԺʦѡУȻҲܵ衣һЩϧ˵
ѧԺôϸ񣬱еٮٮߣпܽȥʯһ˿ڶǧʲôֵġŮӵ
Ҫ˵ЩˣѧԺ״ҪһλѧԺѧʵ̫գǻҪúüƻһһӿڵʯһ峤Щľɣʵ˼ܡ
ôѧԺѧʯһʥʯˣֱǿɶûʥʯʯһĴжҪˣֱ֮ѧԺʲôôô͡һϸڵ˷ŭ
ȷʵˣѧԺѧʵǿɺޡ˾ҲҧгҸո˴̽һ£˵ѧԺ֮һŵĸɲǿЦҲܵɲ


1353 Ӽ
ô죬ֱȥѧԺ״϶У˵ͻᱻǸǰ֪ʱ˵ʹɱ֣ǡŮ룬ǿҲ⾳Ϊǻ羳ߡ
˵ѧԺĹϵеһЩԱǳѧԺѧԺԺڶѧԺһѧεġǴʯһǰݷãʱͱ˵ֱѧԺԺҲ֪¡峤
еĸ߲϶ֱϵѧԺԺѧԺǼʼ壬һȻһֻع˾˵ţãǾȥǢ£졣
˵ţɴѾʼʻĽ
ʱȥϰѾȥʮˡ
ôڻûϢŮЩ
ȣһ㡣ڵĽٶСϵС˿ڼ㣬С壬ûʮҲа򡣵ÿҪô飬ڻûпǵİҲ֡˾ЦЦԴȴǺ⡣
˵ǵݽİҲͨİÿݷõµ˲֪żֻĵȡ
˵᲻ǵ˲ǵĿģǵİѹˡʱЩĵ⻰һ˵ɫ΢ĻôȥҲȵµټ
ģһģ˵ϵһһһƽ߻ᡣ峤Ȼ˵ţȴҲ˵ǡ
ʱ򣬴˾ͨѶһѶϢ
ݺȻǣ³ʮһ뵽ʮ֮䣬ݽӼǣǰݡ
峤һҾ˵飬ϢôˣҿԷˣú׼һ£ȥĹݣɰܾڴһˡ
ȷʵȽϹƽ
ǰѾϣˡ
ʥʯһҪҪȻʯһˡ
˵ţѾ˾޴ϣ
ڶ죬ݡ
ﲻڵ򣬶ǣĵڶġ
ǵôһʿȻ⾳ΪȾޱȵ˵š
Ȼô˵ϵʮ֮һѧԺԸ⣬˲õͳһϵʵҲˣȻѧԺûϵѾҪɫˡ˾
ʱҲ쵽ˣϾ͸ǽȥˡ峤ʱЩ
λ˼ºͰ̸Ҫʮӵʱ䡣ʱһ˹³˵꣬ںȻǻ羳Ϊ
ߣǰǸô˾ȵ
˾Ȼ֪ȷʵǵģǵó׹ϵ»ںȷˣǲ˼ٴαǸͷλٵʮӣʲôҪʱԱߵʿС
õģõġ峤ѾЩܳˣæ
峤˺ÿȾȵ
ǰ̫ˣŵˡѧԱڿһλߡǸղûУȻ˵αǸȻûΪҵΪңҿ˲һĶκûеġ峤˵
ʲôȺܺ档
أʲôˣһͬʣ㹻ء峤룬ش
ʮ֮󣬼Ƿ벻
ʱٴιˣһƣλѾˡ
ãõġ
ʯһ˽ȥʱڿ˵³ˡ
˿̵³ˣָüͷȻЩƣ
λĪɽСϵʯһô³վܸͣҴӭǡ
˵ţ³֣ʯ峤뵽壬֣Ѻõ˼ﻹҵҲ֡
֮³˿ʯ峤ЩţЦЦɣýš
ʯ峤ˣܳȥ
ʱһЩˮȻ˵һߡ
³˿ʯ峤ֹӣǵô죬żңʲô˵ɣҪ¡


1354 Ϣ
ʯ峤³˺ɫģʱڹڵ´ˣǲԶʵġ

ǵģҪ״һһѧԺѧʯ峤Щ޺޵˵˽ѧԺһ꼶ѧһǰʯڵʯǣʯʥʯ
Ȼ飬ʥʯʲô³üͷ
ʥʯһʯʯ幩šʯһҺ壬֮ΪʥˮʥˮһֺãǾǿǵúʯͷһӲһԭʯһһֱʥˮ壬ǿΪʥʯߣдʥˮʮ궼޷֧ţЩʥˮ꣬ʯһĴжҪˡ峤Щ˵ţΪߵı
ԭȷʵС£ϾϵһĴ³˵˵ͷȻȴЩεңЩΪˡȻǵ£ҲǵĹ񣬿ΪǲǵһԱòıԵڽⷸ飬޷׷εġ
Ҳ֪ķɣյķȷʵûа취ѧԺȴԡ峤ʱֻǶӴѧԺʦ£ʵ°ѧԺԺѧԺԺΪ
ԭ³˵˵ͷˣⱾӦõ飬ѧԺǿһѧȻѧԺɣΪѧԺԺҲѼѧԺרŵһǴѧΥ͵ģҵ䷢һѶϢѧԺʦ󣬻ʵѧԺԺ
Ǿ̫ллˡʯ峤ϲѡ
ÿ֮Ͷѡ³ЦЦʯ峤ͰϢ˳ȥ

뿪ݣʯ峤ڴ
ֻҪ鵽ѧԺԺͲò黹ʥʯˡ
ɹһ룬ֻҪžͺˡ
ǰϣѧԺԺΪ
˵ţصǵס
˿̵ѧԺ֮УһѧΥ;ٱĵĵط
³˵һʼȻԸ˵ַģ³ʲôˣʼԶľǰ档
۰ѧԺְҲװһ˴һڹǷѧԺһλСѧ꼶ѧֽߡ
ϻˣЩʼ꣬øŷʦǾͿ°ˡһ˵ľȺ߸һ꼶
ѸٵһݷݵʼȻ³˵Ƿʼǵǰ
µʼߺȻ¶˾ȵɫ㿴ݣȻͶ߸вѧѧġ
ʲôļٵģľչ˵λ˵Ĳô˵ʯһʥʯҪѧԺЭ飬Ҫģѧ̯ϴ鷳ˣпܱѧԺ
Ĵ£ŷʦ߼˼˵ְֻĴ±ȥ
ţ롣ľʱȴֹ˺ߣѧԺѧ᳤Ҽǵÿѧѧ˵᳤ĸΪ˵ĸɲҪȥʱѧıѧԺˣǻ᲻ᱻ˵ԱǺϡ
⻹пܣ˵ô죿ҲһһСѧѧŵְΪûʲô£ôƫƫ顣
ҿȰѧѧĵذˣʥʯʯһ壬Ҷలˡľ룬һеİ취
ţģѧһӣԺѧԺҲûˡߵ˵ͷ
ΪѧԺһεѧ᳤ĺæҲһεѧԺѧ᳤ˡ
ѧ档ߺľվſڵ
ţɡ˵ͷڵƺƽֻ࣬ƽ棬ƺʲô˿־һ档
ѧǷһ飬ǣŵĸɲ֪ͨһľ˵ţʼչʾ
ֻ۾һɨѾɫ䣬Աߵĺߺľһ
Ƭ֪֮ˣζлˣ´ٳ飬ֱѧԺʦͺãҪңϹء
ߺľһеĵ˵ͷ


1355 ̫
ߺľЩԵ뿪ˣȻԼĸо
ߺɫ
칫֮ڣصⲽʮӹȥһ˹
ӳüĿģһװˣϴһܸŵֱ
糤ңԣѧԺڶݵѧˣѧԺʱ仹Ҫڻ֮󣬲Ϊ츳ܺãҲɹ˻羳Ϊ˸вһ꼶ѧټѧԺ֮һ˵ĸɲѧԺ֮ҲǷ
㣬ǲĪɽСϵʯһıʥʯһ㶼ĨǣֱӾ˵
糤ôһЩֵ
ôʯһ嶼ҵ˵³ֱӷʼѧΥģѧԺЭ顣ڻΪʲôôǽΥְѧǰңűѧԺɡ
Уôأŵ
˵أѧԺƶȰ屦пܵ˼һ崫жϾΪѾΪѧԺݣ㶼ġЩɸֵҪʥʯʯһ彻֪͵߶ãΪʲôҪǲ
ʱɫ԰ףоķŭ
糤ҴˣҿǲܣҲˡʱ򲻸ҳɣϴ
Ҫ˲ţ֪ٸɳ飬ʱѧԺ㾾Ҿͻ㽻ȥƽϢһŭ𣬻
糤ô죿ʵ
³ǽӼʯˣʯ˻ǵϢȥǣˡ˻֣ѾЩͷˡ
糤֪ôˡһ˿֮ɫ˳ȥ
ǡ
̼˿ɫܲá
Ȼҵ״ʯĻ쵰ǲô޺޵˵糤ҽû˵ôֻҪסʯĿڣˡ򵥵ķڰ취Ȼǰʯ⼸˸ɱˣǣΪɱˣıҲҪᣬˡ
ֻñķڰ취ˣΣʥʯܻȥ˿֪ܲҿ֪ʥʯ̺֮ſԴٽʣڵ幦˵еʥ硣
ţ۾һҵˣȻǡ
ӰһѾһƫƧԺ֮Уʯ˵ס

ͻȻǰˣʯ˶ʱ¶ޱȷŭɫ
쵰ʥʯʯ塣ȳ
ô͹ˣѵѧԺǱߡʯ峤ȴ뵽ʲôɫʮֵѿ
һȺϣҲѧԺƶȣûɱǡû뵽ǾȻҵѧԺңǳıӵˡ˵ţ˵˵ȥǲôǿʳʯʥʯΪ
쵰
ѧԺôѧ
϶ѧԺʦģȻôõϢѧԺҲǱһӡ
ʯ˶ߣѧԺǳ˺⡣
ƴˣ
˾˵һѣȻֱ
ƾǣ˵ţһȭȥȻ˲˸˳ȥٶ֣ҵ̲סǸɱˡ
ˤڵصʯˣ˿Ļ
˵˵ȥǲǲôһ벽༶ĹԼһҵǼпǸǵ⳥ˡڤ粻飬ʹɱ֡˵ţһ㣬ЩӵʯĴ˾ǰ
㡭˾ָֹ
ңΡһһֱǣһ֮ڣǻߣ֪ġ
˵ţӰһͲˡ
̫̫˾ץĶ˫ֶڵѪ
ѧԺȻҲǹĵط̫뵱ȻˡҲԣ֮еЩһǳ˲¹ͷѧԺ⡣״뻢ڡϸ̾һ
߰ɣҲûκˣѧԺǲܸġʲô벽༶пӦþѧԺǵĽʯ峤վһжѧԺĬģжʱңԴҲκεϣ
ˡ֮Уʯ峤뿪ϳһĨ֮ɫ


1356 ͻĺ
ʯķɴ뿪ǣ뿪˵ʧãã֮С
ɴ֮ڵˣ˿ֻжĺޣԼѧԺĺޡ
Զ˵ʮСϵĵطϵĽ紦ҲǱȽϻҵһƬش
ʮܻصʯˡʯ峤һǷ֮ɫ֪ȥôǽϣû뵽ȴ³
峤˵öԣΪʯŻᱻ۸˾̾һҲһڻ޷ӼǰӰ֮߳
ȿԶȭͷ֪дʲô
ǺȻԶպȻǺӣ£һҺǼս֮ͣУʮ֮ࡣЩսȫһ죬ͷһ޵ĹͷװΣԵúֲ
ǼʺǼʺʯϸһ
ôǼʺڵŴϴ֮£˵ǼʺѾϵôѵǸָʹĲɡ峤֪ǼʺĿֲеǼʺֹƣһЩūó׹˾кץסեһ˿ֵ֮󣬷Ϊū
ʲôֵģѧԺϱ壬˭֪ǲǱЩȺ
ʮҺǼսѸٵĺΧʯ˸Χ
֮УͶһͶӰһͷӣɴţѾϵаֲĶǺŸΧˡڷͶԱסȻǿɾҪˡ
Ǻţʯ峤Ĭ˵ʵûš
ô죿ʯϸѾ׼֡
ŤŤĻô˵ţֻ֮кȻһ⣬һ£ֱնʯս棬ǺǼսһӲ롣
ʯ˴˿̻ŲĴ˳¡
ߺȣȻ⾳һʱֻǰʮҺǼս֮У߳һٶˡ
˵ϢȻʯĴ˾Ҫǿ
ˡʯ峤һܸо˵Ϊﵽ⾳Žףһӽ羳֮ǿĴ˾Ҳ⾳˽׵Ϊ
λʲô˾
ȻǴ٣ڰϵıԹԵĽȻūҾһΪ׵ĺЦ
룡ʱûпڣѾŭƸ߻ãҪǱΪūԺ³ޱȡ
ϵĲƸԽǷΪūǾԲܵġʯ峤ʱҲǵˣƣūġ
ȻƣǿЦ֡Ϊ׵ĺӴһ˲ʮ⾳ӳȥʯȥҪɱǣץģǷūг˵ңڵūɱǰֵǮˡ
ֻһ֣ʯ˾ȫ·磬Ƕ֡
ߣߡ˾ʱֻסȣʯš
á峤ҲӦ
˭߲ŮĺãֵǮһΪ׵ĺЦǲֵģ˿ȴǺȻȭȥֱӺ˴˾ʯϸĺϣ˴ȥȫɥʧս
ץӺмȥס˾ʯϸʯ峤
߲ˡʯ峤Ϊ׵ĺӳ֣һ

ϰϵ֮ϾܵһռԾˡܿ죬Ǿܻصˡһװ޻򼶷ɴ棬һèŮŮӻڵǰŰ˪
һ˻ȥҴúϢһ¡һŮӿڵһɫ£ԵúǸ߹˪ףǰڴ򶷡
˪ĻǰʮҺǼĺս
ȻǼʺҿģС˵ϵѾûкôŰֵ
ԴСħŮźɨϵĺ壬ŵʾͽˡٺΪӦѧԺĺ٣СںʥȪϵ򺣵ŵ棬ɢħŮţССĺҲϵʮвӦҲʹǸʱϵĺ伣ˡ˪˵ţȻѾȥŮ˵糤ְλһЩԱ¼һֱڹעġ
СŰЩ
ģĺЩΣţȥǵץ¡˪˵ţ򼶷ɴȻγǴͷ޴ġɡ֣ҫޱȡ


1357 
򼶷ɴֵ˲䣬һȺʯ˶Ǿˡ
Ǹɡ֣ʵ̫ˡ
ѧԺѧԺķɴ
򼶷ɴ϶ѧԺĴ
ߣھߡ
Ϊ׵ĺӣ˿̼ǺԥľͳԶӣĺҲһ
ѾĿɿڴӦúѧԺģ˿ȴֻϣѧԺսܾǡ
ϵѾ׼кĴڣĺһʱֻ˪վգϣŮϵͨ÷ԺϵκǼʺȫɱġ
˵ţдһķֻպȻһĲơЩӴܵĺ׷ױһĿռ֮УټǱ޸̵һлߵĺȫ¶˻ֵ̿ɫϢʧֶΣҲ̫ˣЩ⾳޷
ʯҲǿĿɿڴš
ת˲ֻʣǸ죬ƴܣǰȻһУֱ˽ȥ˲һǣܿٴγ֮У㵽˪ǰ
Ů㵽ʹõʲô
㻹ûʸ֪˪˵ţһ㣬ȻҲ˷ֺŰսҪ
ǣϰŰӦ
û°ɣ˪ʱʯˣǶ˲ƣҵսɡ
ʯ˵ķɴ٣Ǹûа취뿪뵽˪ӦѧԺˣֳη塣
Ҳ޷ֻܾҧ˪ķɴ
ڷɴ棬ȳ𾪣սһμþʮҲˡ
ٿ˪ǳ˾Ľ
Ǳߣ˪Ѿʺӣ˵ɣĸطĺҲһǰħŮŻʱĺ¼ûʲôǺš
³ġ
Ʈҡͷԣ˵ѵˮƽ治ô˪˵꣬ѾĻҵ۾𡣡
̧ͷֻǳ˪۾һƳ˯һ㣬˫Ŀ
㣬ĸطĺ
ݶºӴϵĺϵٹķɴѷɴϵ˷ݶºӴϵòƸ
ȻݶºӴϵĺǣбĺŽϵô
ССһǧٸţѾɢϵĸء
ô࣬ԤıΪˡ˪΢΢ü֪鲻С㹻ϵĹעˡ
ǵģɽ򺣵˵ҪؿϵĺҵӻеĻش
ɽ򺣵ˡ˪̲ס
ϰ˵ɽĺڰ֮֯һŰʱ򿪿ڵɽк壬˵һԱֻһɢˣǿ
ӴˣʲôУʲôȡ˪˵ţ˶ӵĿơ
ѹֵ̿ոʲôŮ
˪ӣ˲мֻһӣǰӵ徹ȻѸٵĳݣֱΪУֻʣһռлպ
ˣĲ
˪ʱˣŰȡָǡ
Űֻǿȴԥ
ôãѧԺҵɵǳʺڵƣһŶҪüءŰЩֵѵǻǻẦǲɣҪ֪ոտǼϰǡ
ǵģǾ޴⡣˾ѿڶ
ںң˪Ҹովע⵽ˣǿѧԺɴʱû˷ܣη塣֪ηʲôѧԺϵûôɣ
ϰǻ᲻ʲôϸŰɵѾ䱸
ǣǲǼϸȻˣæ
ȻǣǾ˵˵ΪλңѧԺ˪ơ
ʯˣཻţ˿ĳѵǲųѣ뻢Ѩɡ
ϰǻԥԥģһ⡣ŰȰ£ȥǵĵϸ
ץǣ˵ʯ峤ʱҧҧȥ
ܺá˪˵ͷ˵ԱߵС˵
ңһתᶨã˵˵֮ǰһ⣬λ㣬ǲҲѧԺѧ


1358 
˪⣬ʵЩ¡
˼Ƭ̣شǰȷʵѧԺѧѧѾѧԺѧˡȻˣȴѧԺҪְȻѧԺһԱ
ԭֲýܳѧԺ򼶵ķɴƺʲôǽ㣬ҿôһˣԲԣ
С˼ȷʵңǿ˰ɡ˪ݸ
Ҿ˵ˣģ⻹Ҫһǰ˵𡣡Ƚƽİ˵һ飬һԵ˪ԽԽɫѿѾĿ£ԱߵİŰûм˪˹ƺҪɱһ㡣
˵Ŀģ˵꣬˪ޱȵѯʵ
ҿԷģûѡȵ
ǵİ벽༶Ǽеп˾ʱİ˪ǰ˪Ѿжϡ
ãǺõúܡ˪ѧԺȻ̳ѧѧԺĳ衣
㣬㡭ȶ˪סˡ
ǺһȥѧԺһΪ˪ʱ򼸺˼˵ʲôʲôˣ졣
㣬˵ѧԺ洮ͨõģѧԺԺͬˣҪ̫ˡȿЦʲôϣ
ѧԺԺͬģ˭ģѧԺԺ֪飬Ҳ࣬ﻹݵٵǡ˪ҡҡͷмԲһĸڳ˲ӡ
ôЩŰɵ
ǵȻǿ֪˭˪̲סһЦ
ѧԺԱôѧԺ浣ҪְոԼ˵ġ˪֮ǰĻ
ѧԺҪְͳѧԺĲҵӪƿѧԺٷ֮ʮϵԴһһݣ֪˺١ٷ֮ʮŵѧԺѧ֪
ʲôݣȺ治ѡ
Ű˪
ûҳƺ˪ϰôҪ֪ѧԺĲҵԴɶѧԺԺģϰƺɲеġŰЩ⡣
ѧԺԺǡѾ̲סס졣
ҸΪֻܷľͺá˪ҵݣ֪ͺãҪٸˡ
ãõġӦѾޱȣֱһ壬Աߵʯ峤˾ϸԼһʯҲǼ֡
ѧԺɡ˪˻֣򼶷ɴѸٵʧ֮С
Ǽҡ
˪ʯǡ
ţˡڵǲʲô˳
ˣûң˪ЦЦһӵ
ѧԺԺԱߵȵ˶ɵۣ֮еѧԺԺӦø߸ϣΰǰʵ̫ˣҴŴ綼úܣڸǹһΧȹô
Ǻ˪һᣬɿ
ʱԱߵʯˣʲôˣô⣿
˪£Ͱʯ˵˵һ飬˪Ķܵγˮ
ˣ˷ŭ
޷죬ֱ޷졣ſڵߣȥѧԺһҪ飬漰˭Ϣ
š˪˵ͷ֪ѧԺǵѪѧԺ棬ֱڻٵѧԺĸɱ˵Ķˡ
ѧԺѧԺ
ǵһСռ䣬﷽ԲСһ㲻д£ŶῪ
ǵһʱϵ³ˣǴ￪ʼģҲ׷
³˵ͶӰʱѧԺڴ֮еǣͷѧԺԺ
ף³£ʱǱǸһʵ
Ժ˵
λĪɽСϵʯˣǲȥҹ㣿ʵ
ǵģҪ״ѧԺѧΪϵѧԺҵҡʱΪȽæ޷ǵѧԺԸ巢һʼѧԺѧΥ;ٱġ³˾ʵ˵Ѿµ϶мʲô⣬ѧԺҪ˵顣
ѧΥ;ٱģ΢΢ü֪ˣ³£һڼ׷飬ϾͻнʱҪ鷳֤û⣿
ӦõģԴ³˵
ѧΥ;ٱŷٹڸѵΪ˼ţȴ־ȫ˵ȥֻٰŷٹˡ


1359 һ鵽
ʶһɨѾѧԺ֮ҵŷٹŷʦѧԺһˡ
ŷٹһǵͣĹһˡ
֮ŷٹˣԺ
˵ţ³Ҳڣµǳ˴¡
ʱżɽ֮ǰ³ѧΥ;ٱķһʼ漰ѧԺһλвѧΥ¼Ҿ֪Ƿʼûп
ŷٹһֵǹλѧġ
ѧԺвһ꼶ѧͬʱ˵ĸɲ˪ǻش
һʱ棬ѧΥ棬Ҷǵ֡ŷٹҡҡͷ³£ȷ֮ǰô
ǵģߵķ¼ڡ³˵ţչʾ˳
ⷢ¼϶ü٣ֻʼΪʲôûеŷٹɻʱ˶ڿǸǶҪˣˣ֮ǰݼ٣һְѧʼ
£ɫ΢䣬ְѧأʲô֣
Ҳһ¡ŷٹ˵ţֵ¼ܿҵ֣һСѧ꼶ѧߡһСѧ꼶ѧֽľ
ǹǵɫԽԽˡ
áŷٹ˵ͷ˳ȥ֪˴ε鲻򵥣ҪǴҪܵǣ
ѧԺ꼶࣬ڻϿΡ
Сѧ꼶ѧѧߣǰѧԺܵ飬󡣡һ𣬴˰༶ϿΣðѧһ
ͬһʱ䣬ѧԺ꼶Ρ
Сѧ꼶ѧľǰѧԺѧԺܵ飬󡣡һľһֺܲõԤС
ʱľͨѶѧǲҲյϢȥѧԺ
ѧܣ
ľ˲ô£϶ϴε鱩¶ˣѧԺ׷鵽⡣ˣҪִ϶Ҫܷ
һЩǡǲᱻɣҲһƬⰡˣѧϵѧ϶а취סǡ
ľ˵꣬ͿʼϵǻûͨǱ߾
ĥĥʲôȥѧԺִʦ
ǣǡľӦͨǲˣȴǰһϢѧһҪ
ߺľܿ챻ѧԺ
վڴ֮ڣߺľ̲ס巢ֱǡ
ߣ
ľ
ǵ𣺡֮ǰѧΥ;ٱְŷʦʼûпһ³·͹ʼ
ߺľɫ΢䣬ﰵȻΪ顣
ô˵û䣬ѾЩŵζǿҪˣǿ˵ûҲˣԼѧɡ
ߺľ⻰ȫǻ̿
ʵסġ˪Ҳ˵ɫʵѾ˴𰸣ǵȻҲһ￴
ߺľҲܲסѹڵ˵ͷ
ȷʵȷʵ֮ǰһҡЩ˵ţʼǾٱһ꼶ѧģ˵ʯʥʯϣѧԺЭ飬ʯһ
ȻǵʱΪʲôû棿ǵ
ѧǸһ꼶ѧ˵ĸɲҪֱˣѧѧԺ϶ᱻ˵Ա룬Ͱڵѧ᳤ѧ˵糤ֻҪʥʯʯ壬϶ҲҲ͡Ҳˡľ˿
һѾ˵Ȼ滹飬Ǻõúܡ
ȥҹǳֽץסӣɼеķŭ

ѧԺѧ칫ҡ
Ѿľ󷢹ʼѧԺô£ѵûаã
ʹѶһˡ
ֻƬ̣ˡ
糤ôˣԡ
ϴʯ飬ȥûУֱֱĿ֪еС˼飬Ūá
⡭ˡһ£ǿӲͷƤ
ǾͺãĻӦûܱס㡣һֻ͵أȴɫһ䣬ôģ


1360 
һ糤ô
ѾһֺܲõԤУ˵ôģϣ
ɫ岻һȻҲŻ羳ΪǺﾳŽ׵ߣܲɱͽ׵۾ѧǲ̫ˡ
˵ɫԽѿ
˵Ҹʯһ벽༶һһҵǼпǸˡҲ鲻ԣ˵ʯѾȥˣӦáӦûˡ
ûˣ㾹Ȼ˵ûˡ˿ЦЦ˲֪֪ϢĺߺľѾѧԺˡڲ˵ԺѾ֪飬Ͼͻᴫҹȥ
糤ôʱʶأˡ
ô㻹˵ɱĶˡȥ飬вʯôʥʯǡ˭㾹Ȼ˵ĵ죬ʱ򣬻ʥʯΪСҧгݵ˵ţָһɿֲһ
ʥʯϵԺΪ硣
˵ʲôΪΪΥѧԺƶȣڱѧԺ飬ҶҪܵǣԺΪôģҶˡ޺޵ĻŰɣԺͻᴫңʱԺǿǷϳΪֱֻն㣬㶼ܡ
糤û뵽ôأһҪңҰ˵ĸɲΪ˵ķչ˴󹦣ҡҡ˵ڲ뵽ԼܱϳΪֱնˣѾ亹ֱð
ѧԺһˣܵ顣һ𣬴˰칫ҵˡ
ˡһ۽ôһȥɣ
糤ҴˣҲˣһҪ취ҡ˵ţѾ𣬳ѧԺȥ
ת˲˾͵˴ſڡ
ڵĴ棬ˣǶһѧԺŵ쵼
˽ȥһܣԺ
Ѿɫ׵Ҳǻæֻʱע⵽ʯˣ֪Ȼ鱩¶ˣнп಻
ȻˣҲʡȥˡǵ˵ţʯ峤˾Ƕʯʥʯǲ
Ǳߣʯվ˳ǿеķŭ
ѧԺԺһǰʯ壬ʯʥʯʯ峤
ɻҶʶʯ˾ŵܷͬŭ
ѧԺŵһЩʦҲǰǸոѾ֪¼ľ
ȻѧԺѧɵģš
ѧֱѧԺĳ衣
뿪
һȺʦ˵ţûһΪġ
ɪɪ֪Լͷˣٴο
ֻʱȴǶȫ
糤ңϣܸ顣
ԼĴҲȲ㡣ȻǰһԺл˵
㲻˵Ҳ㡣ŵĸɲߺľʼ֮󣬵һʱʼݸ㣬Ȼǰȥǣʯ峤뿪顣Һܺ棬浽׺жٹϵ˵ġǿ˫Ŀ硣
ԺҾûô֪֮󣬺ǵ˵ĸɲҲֻһʱϣһᣬȥǰʥʯʯ壬˭֪Ȼ£黹ʯʥʯʹôһӾ硣
ЦȻЩţʦҲ˽
˵Ķģ˵дʹڲİΪԲģҲǱƭˡ˵ѾЩִٲ˭ԻǻڵѪ
ѧԺһʱ˦ˡ
޷֤ʵ
˵ţֻȻ˵Ļɡ
ǾɣǳĬܾã˵û֪ôģѡѾ϶ģû󣬵ʣѾȷĶУ㻹ʲô˵
ԺҴˣ糤˵ģҾһʱϣҲˡæ֪Ҳûκ壬ֻʵᴦ


1361 
ȴҡҡͷôһʱϣ˾Ǵˡ
֮ڣ˿̶Ǿĵġ
ǳһ£Ӱȡ֮ԵѧԺûнֹѧȥԼԴֻԴķҪڴ֮ڣϷǽʥʯĸĶ˵ʥʯѧԺܲͷ㣬ά㡣
סٷһԡ
ԱߵʦǵĻĬĬͷѧԺҲصĵκѧԺѧҪأ˭ҪΥˣǾҪܵѧԺƲá
ǻ˵ţʯʥʯȻҸո˵Ĵ֮ڣֻԼ˽һǿΪΪҴѧԺԺѧԺĹƶȣ´
񣬾š
һ黹ʯʥʯǱġ
񡭡
˵ţóʥʯ
ʯ峤ӹѾݺᣬʧãоһ
ʯҲһǵҲһЦݡ
ʯˣʯ峤ˣŰ裬ûֳʲôȻˣҲɱ㣬ֻѧԺΪҲǸʯһǵ˵ţ˵֮УͻȻ˵˾ôͻȻ
ҪԺҪϳҵΪҿһǧ꣬òײɾ硭ŵڵϲϵسǿͷֻǸᣬĳһץֻϷɳĶЩһΪ
ֻΪѸٵ䣬ɾ絽ɾ磬ɾ磬浤һͷβͨˡ
ܵᣬһƨ˵ϡ
ΪѾӰ쵽ѧԺ㿪֣ӽͲѧԺѧ˵š
ԺٸһλᣬԺһģĵͷڵذϿĳѪ
뿪ѧԺɣǻ˻֣Ǳ߾߳ѧˣͷβûΪ飬ȫ˵ܡ
ĿƣȻǴ㴦ףŹκһˣ˽飬ȫԼѧ᳤ݣûǾʹȥְλɣԺʮ֮ڣҲҪھѡˡ
⻰һ
ֳͷνأֱڼ䱻ȥѧ᳤λӣѧǻôʮ֮ڲҪѡԺʮҲѧԺκθɲְλ
òͬ⡣
ҵĻû꣬ѧ᳤ֻһǲô룬ҪԼĻ˵꣬Щ̫ˣǾͱ˼꣬ҲʲôѧԺ񣬻ȥʲôطˡ
ԺΪʲôһΪ˵˾ǽ㡣
˵̫꣬ðʱúóһ°ɡǵ˵ţû˵Ļ
ҧҧǴ漷ġ
ߣľǿСѧѧˣηˣҰʼȥʵ̫ųǻСѧ治֪Ժôε飬վҲ𡣶ǣҲ뿪ѧԺɣǺò׿ѧԺ츳еģѧԺСѧѧѡһѧԺǰš
Ժǲ뿪ѧԺ
ԺҪǡ
ֻǽԣһġ
ŷʦڣûΣϸĲرУʵӦԤϵ顣Ҳ˵ˣֻѧԺˣûжĹۺϿǺáɣͲٸԺѧΥ;ٱģѧԺ°ʦָϰ࣬ȷ顣ǻ˵оݣҲκë
ǣԺŷٹ˵ͷ֪仰˼ǾǰѧΥĲελӸõˣԺһͨʦ
³£㿴Цˣû£Ҳذɡ
ǣԺ
³˵˵ͷȴǰǵ󣬿˵ҪҪǿӲ
ʯ峤ȻʥʯѾ黹ʯ壬վѧԺˣпǷǵĵطĻǵһ벽༰һңҪջģھͲˣǸǵ⳥ǵ
лԺʯ峤һϲѣ˾Ҳ¶Цݡ
⻹һ飬˪л˵ǺȻЦЦʾ˪ֱӿڡ


1362 ױ
ʯ弸ˣʱЩĿ˪
˪˵ͷʯ峤ʥʯʥˮԴźܲЧʯòʥʯԸ⽻׵ĻѧԺһĶһʥˮҿԸ㿪һҵļ۸񡣡
ʲôʯ峤ɵˣĻһٵʥˮҪֵһտҩˡ
ǵġ˪ޱȵ˵
ãõġʯ峤ʱǲӦǾķɵˡ
Ȼˣȥ֮Ǿǩһɹͬ˪Ȼö
û⡣ʯ峤

صԼס˿̵ܲãڵгһŻ
糤һ˵Աѯʵ
ȵ۾Ѫ죬Ҫһ
ǣǣԱһЩ䣬˳ȥ
ŵĵڶ죬һϢʹѧԺ
жѧ᳤ѧԺһ֮ѡµѧ᳤
ţѧԺͨ档
ͨ澹Ȼѧߡľ
һʱ䣬ѧԺը˹ΪѧԺʷ϶ûһӿѧͬһʱ乫ģŷٹĹ䶯֪ͨȫû˹עˡҲֻмϻ۵ˣŻлʲôϵ
ʱĹȥѧԺûйеľԭճΪ԰
Ӱ죬ȴޱԶ

֮һҷɴϣһŮھĵĴš
С㣬㶼ʮˣһŮӵЦŮӽɽ꣬ǶɽѩˣҲǶɽľӢնɽ
˵ŮӵݲԶǶɽѩ
㶮ʲôŮΪüݣ˶˵ġɽѩߵ
ãС˵ĶԣСÿδôƯҲûǸ׶İϸ㣬֪ģС㶼޶ױߴˡɽ˵ţһָͷӣʱöɽѩߺ첻ѡ
˻о仰׷ŮɽŮ׷иɴֻҪҼȥһҵġɽѩ˵ţ¶һյı飬f۾С磬һɱʮ⾳Ž׵ߣ˧ˣ
С㣬ˡɽ˭뵽Ķɽѩɽľţ֮󣬻ӡ
СѾͷԺᶮġɽѩһö˵ӡ
ðɣҲ˵ˡɽ΢΢Ц֪Ϊףɽѩܾ˶ټ尲ŵ£λСҲŻ羳׵ΪȻôԣЩŮ
ɴ˵˵
׵գҵ׵Ͼϵһˣ϶ûաԼҲԼհɣɽѩ˵ţ֪׵ǽ죬ʵ͵͵ȥؼңؼҵ֮з鵽ġ
С㣬ȥ׹հɣ㡣ɽ
šɽѩ˵ţ˵ȥһҵ꣬ȡԼԤĵ⣬ȻȥһƷ꣬˰Լ׼ƷúðװˡƷһָһöռָ洢ռ䲻󣬵ͺƯר˶ƵģȦһѩıʶ
׼һУɽѩ׵ס
ɣ׵
ףˡɽѩ˽ǰףһ˺Сơ
ļʱҪ죬ҾҪ뿪ˡ˵ţʾⶫɽѩ£Ժû£úɣܡ
֪ˡɽѩ˵ţӱó˵׼õտ֣ף
ңһȻŷӦȷգѾһǧ궼ûйˡ
ѵǽ죿ɽѩЩ
ǵģֻͻȻ˸ҹգҾЩ⡣ЦЦ㵹ˣлл
ǾͶôҸ׼ϲϲ
ҿ
˵ţ˺ӣöռָ
ͣ
ôˣɽѩʵ
˼һ˾ˣָҲաǵͽָ⺬ģһŶ߽飬ʲô˶͵ġ׺ȻЩ˵
֪֪ģϲ㣬ҡɽѩЩˣָʵױףθӵֱӡ
ʱĻһû̸ĺˡ׿ŶҪ޳ĶɽѩһʱȻЩʹˣָ°ɣ
ǲңףɽѩ߬Žָкᡣ
ʲô˼Ҫһôüͷ˱ĻҿֱӸ㣬֮ǰҲκŮ˶ĵģ㣬κ˶һ𰸣֪ô


1363 
ɽѩ⻰һ
жѣϵѾмԪû˳ˣ⻰пľܾȫǺɽغһ
һ̣ɽѩˣеڴ˲仯ΪӰһ㡣
Ҳ̲סˣ䣺ףúݣҺ㣡
˵꣬廯ΪƬƬı뿪ˡ
סþòŵҳ֮׵Ůˣһ㡣
ֻǶɽѩ˿̣ȴȫˡ
ɾʱһ⻰ӦøոպͶɽѩ˵ģˣҲͲôˡ
һѭȥԺ
ǵ˵ͷѪ˷ѧǵĵֽգ£һû뵽ȴǱɽҵѾͷȵˡ˼ҳ˶޶飬ǰ˼ҵ͸ˣ治׷ȥȰȰ
ԥ˰죬ǷˣˣҲãһ˼⣬ˣʵڲʲô¡ԺҪȢҲϣܺһһԲķޣֱʯãʱĻ䣬׷ġ
ҡͷȴǲÿɷ񣺡һȻǺãҪϧ¡ԺעŮˣǰһ֣ģкô
һ£˵ͷƺҲ˵
ɽѩѾͷˣ⵰Ҹϡ˵ţûжκһİϣһһ꣬ò㣬ҲôˡǵõҰнѧԺʱ㻹ؼҵһӣܴ㱻غû뵽ʱǨؼҶѾ䵽һ壬ȴԺǺˡ
⻹ҪлԺࡣʱЩмĿǡ
൹Ҳ̸ϣԼŬһѧɳڣҸоοͬʱҲǾԽԽԼƿˡǴˣԼ뷨Ǻ£ǽ᷸ĴҲԽԽһ졭˵ͣ
ԺΪ飿ײʲô
ǰɣǸúӣ㡢Ҧܵҷġε̾һ˵ˣԺЩͬѧҪһ£ǧܿԼͬѧԼվһ߿Ц
֪ˣԺ׵˵ͷ
ԸɣѾȼʾס
š׵˵ͷȴ˼Щĺ塣

ɽѩߺߵ˷ɴ뿪˵
С㣬ױ޻ˡɽǸ治ǸξȻ
˵ˣǻؼҡɽѩſǻ
ʱȥת۾ʮꡣ
ʮ棬ûҹɽѩɽѩҲҲû׷һϢ
ɽ棬ɽѩʮ棬ΪȻףﵽ˻羳ס
֪׵ĲȻ֮
С㣬Ҫȥսôɽѯʵ
ʱȥˣǰǸĻӣʵ̫ᣬڹȥ϶ᱻɽѩһ¡
С㣬˵ģǸɭǸĹ̳֮һǳʲô춷ʥһ޷֮ȡļ̳ճ㣬ô˵ǹƤҩһɽЩ˵
Ѿͷϲɭҵǿ㵱ýˡɽѩͣЩ
ɾʱһ˹
ףɽѩӣ
Сѩ峤ϻȥһˡɽĵ
ϻҹȥɽѩһüͷʲô飬ȻҪ֪ͨң
ȥ˾֪ɽĻ
ãɽѩ˵ͷٶʣŶɽĴȥ
ʮ֮󣬶ɽѩһĴ֮ʮһӡ
λǾǶɽ̫ϳϣﾳΪľŸӷ棬ǰ벽ﾳΪֻͨϡ
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ɽѩѾֲõԤС


1364 
λ̫ϳϣֽɽﾳΪ
һڳȻû˵Ҳͬ˼ЩƵĿŶɽѩ
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ɭȻɽѩɫ΢䣬֪Ǹɭھֻû뵽ԷڱԼܾ֮󣬻ôֶΡ
ǳɽɽްֻ߸ÿһ治д򣬶ҿԹ֮ͨеĲ飬ӵ󲻵ĵ̡㣬˵ǶɽľţǷŵʲôɭܿ㣬ĸʲôɽֹˮҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ֲǸôңԭҪϸĸ֦ɽѩˣһЩ⣬Ҳܺ
⣬Ҳûκ⡣ֻҪ˺͸ϵǶɽһԾܳΪϵһ壬ߣԺܳΪɽǰļ塣ɽ𻺻ȫԼ뷨Ϊ˼壬ϲϲǸɭ޸
Ϊ˻羳ΪܾԼĻ뵱Ȼˡɽѩء
ѩ֪ϲѧԺףߣξܾ㣬ҲҪûȤڶ˵ҲһѵĻᣬֻҪΪ˸ɭĲ˵ףѧԺʲôԺǼ㣬Ҫ񣬵ͷɽΪףҲڵ
Ķ̫Ϊˡɽѩҡҡͷת۾һֻҪʧˣҵĻɲҼ޸Ǹɭ붼롣
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ߣΪû뵽ߡɽֹˮֻ˫ִһӡͳһǿĽƣɽѩΪı棬ȥٴ۳˶ɽѩӰ
öԭƺˡɽѩ˿̰ޣû뵽˾顣
־ܰɣɽߵɽģȥΪˣͨѶߣҪϵһ֮󣬸ɭͻӭȢмǧҪʲôʧ
ףɽѩŶɽģ
ѩΪãҲΪ˼ãԺͻ׵ġɽ䣬Ҫڷˣûõġ
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ߣɽֹˮŶɽѩ˿ķ֮

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С㡣ɽ
꣬ҵͨѶҲˣֻܰˡɽѩ˵š
СҪʲôɽѯʵ
ϵףҵĴһңһң˵һ鶼ûСɽѩ˵ԼעͶײǱôᣬﻹġ
С㣬ʮˣôûףɽЩߵ
ֻҪˣԺͻᶮģϲһˣôġɽѩ뵽ף̲ס飬޷ƽһϲˣûоǲᶮġ
Ǻðɣɽ˵ͷת뿪
ֻǶɽո뿪û߶Զͱ˸
̫ϳϣɽ
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⡭ɽס
ϲϲɽѩײõĽɽ֪ôôֻҪúãһΪɽĺĵӣְ벽༶Ҳѡһ
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ܺãɽ¶Цݡ


1365 
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ڶɽԱߣһ߳үСΪ˸ɭĲԺһμλˡ
ɽߵЩֻҪɵ϶Ҫһεļ
֮󣬶ɽѩס
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ʲôɽѩڷһ˿ϣҲˡ
ϲСٵüɽ껺˵
ϲңȻϲҡôģɽѩ˵ţ̱˵ϣϱޱȣȻʼնһԸˣҾȻаĸ顣
С㡭ɽ˿̾ȻЩоɽѩЩֲˡ
߰ɣ侲һ¡ɽѩ˵ţתݡ
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뿪Զɽסɽ꣬ĺܺãȻûʧ
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лɭӺ͡ɽߺȵ
ǾͿ붫ɽѩɡɭЦȴǶԶɽ˼ЦѣûУһ˲֪˵С񼶹һıöɽ˷ܵزˡ
ڸɭ棬۾Ҳڽš
С񼶹ҼǵɭӭȢʮλʱ򣬿Ƕ͹⹦˵С񼶵ģϿõҲɹĵȵ֮ģʵҲдƷͻƵ۾ܡΨһеõľһױԴսˣֻǸҾͨ˿ܰսɱǶԸҲôֵĶ
ǰ˵ɭӻûиʲôۣӭȢһλǲ֪λܱɭãŻӵһߡ
ô˵ʵҲѣҲЩС嵱ˡ
˵ţǱߵĶɽѩѾ˳


1366 ū
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ôʱ䣬˵϶ҲҪɢˣ治֪ôֵڵģҲĹ⣬ǿ󡣡߲²
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ͬʱ˷׵ʶ
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˿̵Ҳˣǹ棬ѾˣϢ΢Ķɽѩ


1367 ɱʹ
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һĽ׵ĵ۾Ӱףס׵ȥ·
Ҳң
ţڤ֮ì֣еһӰǴ˹ȥʱӰͣˣֳӵ塣˿̵ӣţôģĻӰ֮ӦûκεŶԡ
ȥ
׵ͺȵӵľӶһգ۾ʱһλ
ԥģڴ˳ǰƶﾳ׵۾͵Ϯڤ֮ìɳȥִ˴̴һһ׵۾塣
תۣ۾λʱ˶л̿
ǰ׵ģǽĵ۾ͨʿȻóȻˡ
϶ˢһӾͳ˶ɽѩڵĹɽѩһѱס
ѩˡţŶɽѩӣһǧδ޹۾̲סʪˡ
һؼҵôɽѩףǲ԰մѪϣȻһĨҸЦݡ
ǣǵġ˵ţΪɽѩһ壬һ飬ʱɫ꣬ꡭ
ףϲ㡣ɽѩ˵ţȻҲϲҵģؼңһѵĺӣǡҸоҲزȥˣ䣡䣡
ѩ״˿Ҳˣɽѩֵܼڣȫһִʲô˵ˣҴؼңϾʹؼңǻص򡣶ԣصȥԺһа취ġ
ؼңãؼңеˣ˯һӦþ͵ˡɽѩ׵Ļı۾˿ҸץһöָҪ͸׵ġ
ѩװѾоɽѩϢˡ
ˣɭ˿ҲʶʲôתͿħһ۾
ѩǻؼңؼҡ˵ţɽѩ۳һףȥȻŶɽѩĶͷһǣе£ڻؼ֮ǰȰЩˣȫɱ⣬һ


1368 
⻰˶ǲ
ײûмŶ֣СİѶɽѩıʱٿϣѾ˶ɽѩʮǰΪ׼öָ
ɱ
гһѳǹڤ֮ìһģһǷڤ֮ìģǻʵһױԴӽס
һǹ֣¾¡
һ˺ȻŰ˳ɱȥҪĿǸɭ
ס
ɭֲѣȻҲﾳŽ۷ΪȴǲԶˡ
ʿʣµļλ۾ȫʼס
䣡
һǹֱӶ˿ռ䣬ƬնǧʿУһغ
Ϊ׵һλ׵ĵ۾Ǳһǹؿڣֱӱ飬廯Ϊӡʱһ׵ĵ۾û׵ԴҪԴ飬ʱһֲֳ
ʲô
׵ĵ۾ʧɫĹ䵽֮ϣȻȫá
ߣȥ
ʱһǹֱ׵۾ؿڣǳǹһУֳ󣬰Ź񺿣׵ĵ۾һ˲ʧȥ˼ʱǹֱͦ˺塣
˲䣬׵ĵ۾Ȼȫ
촽ϣȻм̴¶ɭɭ׹ǡɱ׵ĵ۾ͺðˣĽµĵ۾ֻвˣѾȫĶ֡
ɱ
ûͣЪܱôǿĹʵѾȼ塣
ôôǿҪ֪ǵ۾ֻһ߶ѡɭУҪ뿪ҪȥĹѾȫˡ
˵ţȻתҪӡ
ߣ
ʱ̹עŸɭŸɭߣϵ֮־ץ˹ȥһƬջΪ˾Ƭսƴףһץ֮£ҲǻΪƬʿȫΪС
ɭͷһĻ󾪲ѣӷӴ
׼׷ĳǹ̳·ʮսǻΪɻҡ
Ӳġ
ɫ䣬ѪȾ˳ǹĺ֮ϳһȻǶħ֮
˫һչƿһ㣬˲ϢȽ׵ĵ۾
ã
ɭ˲׷ޱȣסס
Ļ䣬һǹͳԴ˹ȥƻĻӸڵ
䣡
ϣһѪ˳ϵһױԴڼһ
ȥɣ
׵߶˫ճǹٴն
ңǸĻӣɱҲɣһߵӢ˹ͬʱҲһλ׵ĵ۾˿˸ɭǰ
治ɫЩвסûκͣ٣һǹӢ˹ķӢ˹üĴ˹ȥ
Ӣ˹
㡭㲻ɱңǸĻӣĹ̳֮һɭѾ˵
ǹɭһǹؿڴ̴˹ȥѪ˳ųǹ£ڵϣûʣµļʮʿȫѡ
㡭ĸɱңɭţˣǲŹġ
Դѩһ̣ͱɣˣҲѩ˵ǹһѸɭ˷顣
Ļˣ
ɱĻӣ
ôܣһߣֱս
һʿԼʣµλ۾˿дң֪Ǻˡ
ѩɭѾˣ˵Ҫȫɱ⣬Ϊ㱨ġʣµĸɭצҲŹȥ
˵ţʣµ˳ɱȥ
֮УһҵսƼսǼս׷ױն飬һ⾳ʿ羳ʿﾳʿʣµλͽ׵۾׷ױնɱƬգȫΪһ޵
һСʱ򶼾
ʱһȥ˱Ķɽꡣ
ءףСôˣɽ꿴һѪǶף̲סɪɪ
ѩˡ׻˵ţɫ䣬˵ΪʲôŰѩң
ΪС޸ĻӣһܺõĹޣ̫ϳŵңԡɽޱȣ˵ȴȫ˵
֪ˣƭѩûаҡ˵ţеĳǹһ̣˶ɽؿڣѩ֮Ҳ𡣡
ҡҸɽϳȻ֮ɫ˶ɽѩ֪ͨףҲͲߵһ
ųǹתˡ
ɵ֮УеĳǹɳĻӸڵ˲䱬ըҽ貹âΧӹȥ
һСʱ󣬸Ѿ֪˴¡
֮ڡ
ոյõϢĻӸɭɱˣĻӸһʮʿʮλ۾ҲȫһŮ˵ЩأǸĹֽ˿ѾϢˣڱչأ֪ʲôʱܿϢڻҪ̶һԲߡ
˭ɱĻӣһӳʵ
ռ鱨ɱĻɭ˽ףﾳŽ۷ΪϵѧԺѧ˿˵ţȻǹ󣬲ɭĶӣڸɭˣҲûôŭֻһֺƽ͵̬飬ΪĽά档
ֻһˣӼʵ
ǵġ˿
ܣһﾳŽ׵ߣôɱʮλ۾һʮĸʿӵǷ񶨵ֱǻ
ҲţϢռʱݵķõģ϶м١˿˵ţһﾳŽ׵ߣ˿ֲսǱжɽһԪ棬˵սˡ˳ɳȥǸһв
ɱɱ˵˸ţȻԺ϶Ϊ
ɱǸļ̳֮һˡ˸ŵ
һȺ˸Ĵ󳼷׷˵ţ˿Ҳ֪ء
ڱչأһӦҴΪ飬Ϊ˺ϣױҵƲ⣬׷˴֮Ӧڷϵ;С´߼ͨϧһдôˡ˿˵ţ
ˢˢˢ
֮У߽ϵĵ۾׷׳ǰȥɱס
˿̵ףȷʵߡ
ڸոգĽ򶼽˿ռÿһռԾĳ涴Ҳˣ϶ҵ鱩¶ˡײһϣ˼뿪Ľ򣬲ȻֻΣաһҪصԺѩһ
Ӱһ׳һռ涴ȥ
޷пռŲƣͨȻĳ涴һһ޷ռġ
ڿǵĿռ涴ֱͨıֻ߽Ҫȥ뿪ţ涴϶رز˵˵н߽ϵĵ۾򣬺Σա
ײϵؿѾӽǸ涴ƴˣֻϣЩ߽ϵĵ۾ûиϵ
˵ţȻ涴ǳ˹ȥ
ʲôˣ
ףǸף
סס
ʿȻȫǻ羳ΪǷ˳ס
ȥ
׵ĳǹһɨնɱʮλ羳ʿһȱڡ
ֱȥҪռ涴
ߣɣ
һֻ֮гһӣֳһɼǿϢǽ߽Ϊɣһƾ׵ĺ󱳡

״󺰵߶ԼǿԶõӰֳ
һ֮£ֻ˲һӣȻͱˡ
߽׵ĵ۾ʵѾͽ׵ĵ۾ر
ۣ
һѪ³оӶ˵ģ˾Ҫιȥ
ʱǿţһռ涴֮С
ȥȥ
ⶼˣӿ׽ռ涴֮Уޱȣ涴һߣֻӵΣգǲӵġ
ڿռ涴֮㴩˰Сʱмϰٴϵ˳
˻Դо˲١
ףǸף
ߣͨˡ
ԹԵ־ܣҪˡ
̧ͷȥȻλ߽Ϊĵ۾һΪȻﵽ˽Žס
ӣ
ҧҧħֳ֮Ÿı߽Ӷݶȥ
ٶȺܿ죬˲Ϣ׵ĵ۾߽׵ĵ۾ȣǲһЩ
ӲˣѵҪпЦͷȥλ߽Ϊĵ۾Ѿ׷ˡ
ʱһȴǺȻǰɣҾǰ档
ǵ


1369 
ڸĽ֮⣬Ǹֶ׵ķ
һСʱ֮ǰյϢ֪׵Ĵ˹
˵ϵҪӽʱ䣬ǶȴֻһСʱƿؿռ䷨ơ
Ժ
һϲʤ
ħ֮ӷĴ߶ٶȵ˼¡
Ӳģ
ȥɣ
ɱ
߽׵ĵ۾ȵϵؿס
ԽԽ
ڿʱͬʱ˹

߽֮ϵ۾Ĺܵ͵ġ
飡
飬ԶõӰҲͣ
һѪ˳ײײģѾվȡ
ӦֻסûҪ֣ȻһʵǿԻɱġ
ˣԺǱߣ
Ѿǣҧƴһ˿һԾ˸Ľ
־ܰɣ
ʱǸŽ׵ĵ۾һֳֻץ˹ȥҪס
ɾʱָһһɿֲգٴγֵʱ򣬾ȻλŽ׵۾Ĵ˹ȥֱ۶˷顣
˭
λŽ׵ĵ۾¶˻̿ޱȵɫֹסΣ߶ٴһֱۡǸոһǿֲ£ٳ׼׷ȥ
ô£˼۾
ոʲôȻٵһֱۡ
۾ҲǸĿܡ
ˣ
˼۾ɫأѭӶݵķ򣬿ǣʲôʱһˣҵʶ޷֣ȴ
۾ѭſȥҲо
Ժ
ߣҲ֧Ųס˵ϣǱޱȡ
ǵ˵ͷתĹϢһ£ҴѧԺ
û˵ʲôȴǸжޱȡ
ʲôˣ赲£˼۾
ѧԺԺǡǵ˵ţԺȨȻΪһȻŸĹߣһԼĿռ䳤ӣһֽߣ˴ѾǸ˭Խ׷ɱף顣
λ۾⻰˷ŭ
㾹ȻڸѵػߣǺôĵӡ
ʲôˣ㶼ˡ
ҵҪԽߣܰô
˵ţȴǻ֪ǵϾӵдʵҲ̵ȼϵĶ֮˲֪
˵ţһ߽׵ĵ۾ͷɹ˿ռָߡ

üͷԺȨȻΪķɽûռ䣬ٴγֵʱ򣬴߽׵۾ؿڴ˹ȥĽ硢궼ȫն顣ǳ˲ŵɫԼǸˣǸɱ
ˣ
ĸɱǣ
ʣµİ˼һ۾һлɱһλ߽׵ĵ۾ǶǸоವġ
˵˭ԽߣҲһ³ǵĳͷһһ㣬ɢź⡣
ߣ
ǿѾסˣҪ뿪ʱо˿ռ˲Ȼˡ
ٵȵȡ
ͣ˽ŲЩ鷳á
ˢˢˢ
һӰֳϸʮһ֮࣬Щ˵ΪȻȫǰ벽ࡣǸĺǸ֮ǿĴڣһԲһĴۡ
ʲôˣȻƸ
֪
ʮһ˷׷˵ţչ¶ֲϢ
ͬһʱ䣬ĸ۾ϸŽ׵ĶѾжʮλ
ѧԺԺλϡ˼ԵС
ʲôѧԺԺûһЦ֣ȰʲôѧԺԺɱˣȥѧԺǸɲʲôèƵġ
ã
ʮһ˵ţȻȫǳɱȥȻҲΪŰ벽ΪԸ㾡ޱ
ǿһУС
ʮһԽĽߣĳΪʮһնɱȥ
һĽܻΪһͥ񽫣ʩչֹǺӣͬʱʮһ˹
ʲô
Ļ򣿡
ÿֲֶΣȻһסʮһˡ
ʮһλ벽ླĵ۾Ȼȫסˣ޷ǡ
ڻصڣ»գǷҪһУҲҴɱˡǵ뵽ʮһ˵Ķ
쵰㻹вǣһ벽⽣һҪж˿顣
ڤ粻顣΢΢ҡͷڵĽУӰһ͵һλ벽
ã
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ɱ
һӶȥ˺ѿռ䣬ֱӰλ벽նΣһϢȻˡ
ʲôôģ
ôô
СģѧԺԺóռ䷨򡣡
ʣµʮʶ˲ԣȫ
ûõģǿռ䷨еľ綼ǡ˵ţĳٴγһ벽նɱȥֻһնȥȻݻ汬ըǿʱյľһ֮£λ۾ֻǵֵͻΪ촷ۣĲˡ
⡭⣬˻صڡһ벽ڿʲôۣһλۡ
ʲôۣ
ⲻǴʲôһ벽ྐྵȻֵסһС
սҲǾѣ¶ŵɫ
ʣµľλ벽Ѹٺˣǳη壬ڿֺ
¸жԴԺ󲻵׷ȻѧԺĵˡǵ˵ţأۣ
ʱǵ۾һϵӣǸۣոոϵ
һȺ۾˿̷׷񣬶𾴡
ѧԺԺǣɽ۰棬ʵʮˣڲ֮ǰ̴ӯ꾵۾һսӯ꾵۾Уߣۻ˵ţұչڼ䣬õϢûô£Ҳûиۣû뵽ȴڸĽ֮⣬ѵػߣնҸλϣʵǿɺޡ
۰񣿡΢΢һЦÿɷû£Ѿ˽⣬ѧԺȻдĻҲλϣǲȰ裬ӣҲԹҡ
úҽ֮дѭǿʳʵɱ˭˭۾Ҳ˭˭ֻ֪ҵĶӺλˣҪûһ㷴ӦֱΪĹ
еǿʳҺ㽲ΪѧԺĵطͬºͽ̵ѧʦϾʲô󣬵󡣵ǰںʵʵȻ˵ЩҲδضãִҪһ棬ֻܷ㡣˵΢䡣
ܺãǾ۰ʮĴۣʮˣǲǸʵ񵥡˵ţҲһѳӶն˹ȥһն֮£Ȼ涼ֳݡ
ռи
һû뵽ҲĿռǸĹ۶һޡ
ಣ
ҪǱ壬ᱻָݡ
ֻûվȽŸۼ׷ɱȥһи֮ǶеһжǻΪ룬ֻΪİ룬Ϊӡ
ǲòٴ˺о۵ѲҪǸӯ꾵۾ࣺܶ۵ֻǼ֮ʵȴϵ¡
뵽ЩҲЩ¶һЩ汾ˣȻֻܱȫѹơ
ٴɱʱٶܣһץ˹ȥǵһץ֮£޾Ŀռ۵Ŀռи֮УϵиеĿռ䣬ֻǿռ䲻ͣصȴȫ޾һ޷ȫи
շ򣿡
һޱȣΪǺһַ
ȴ΢΢ҡͷ֪Ǹ̫뵱Ȼˡ
ֻŹϵֶ֮ѣǲķ֮࣬Ǹۿġ
漶ԣڵﵽһֲ˼ĵز
ֶֻۣΣ޷ҵġǵ˵ţķѾȫҲѾҵ˶Ӧ֮
ߣΪǣΪǿռиɣۼЦһȷ򣬻ĳָߵȼĶȷ졣ռи򣬻ҷۣ˵λд۰ʮˡҾ㿴ַ
˵ţǹȥͬĹȴȫͬ
ϵ֣֮
кͬķУǵи֮ϵ֣֮ȴǳһּΪµı仯Ȼն˺ʩչϵֵ֮ϵϵֵ֮ɢΪ˲ܿƵ


1370 䶯
֮࣬˰ǿռиҼǵС˵棬һ֮ΪииһУ˼ά˶иֶε֮ƣֻС˺ܶࡣҲ֣۸ûͻƵླ磬ƿصиʮ֮һ̸и˼άˡ
ۿǱˣЦΣ㻹ǿռиô
ҡͷСۡ
ۼиླ磬ոһӾͨʩչϵֱиꡣ
ĬȻ²ĲǴиǿ
ҿôӦҵĹûбֶΣͿˡɭǷ˿Ѿȫ֣û˿֡
ûл֣ڷĶš
ĴͬʱڷٵתΪϵ漶Ҳһ۷塣һǿļܽзתĹɡ˿̣ȻڽиŪеİء
ѾʩչϰٴιοƶҪǣȴڹؼʱǶ
ɫ΢䣺һֱ潻ֻ֣ڶҵĹʲôֲߣ϶ֹʵʲôı
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һԵ˿ѹƵǺ޻֮ҪնɱǣǸȴ֪ȫô¡ǰǸ࣬Ƿ޴鷳
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ñɡɫзŭ
ǺѧѣϱɡҡͷǧҲˣҲһս㶼򲻵ҡҾͨռ䷨ó濰޵еġԴս˽Σ
룡¶˳֮ɫɱҸλϣѧԺѧɱĶӣ¾һʮʿܾʹգκβ㣬ԸѧԺȴǴ´࣬ҪѧԺ
˵ޱ
ҪѧԺϳһɾɱ⣬˭ĵӣΪûа취Ը㣿
ô۾úЦúܣҪеĻ㲻ʹˡ
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۵ԾľУоԼ׷Ĳȫһ㡣
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䣡
һ죬Դ죬ʱٳԼؿڿȥǺȻһѪۣϵһױԴڼҲǱնһȱڡ
ˣޱȣ̿֡
ոһ̣иһжʧȥãֻһֻ

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۴ȵ˿ǣ˺Ȼ֮ɫңʲôҸоһﶼҪеĴڵĲڵģҪΪޡֱӵеģʵڿֲ
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ǲ֪Ҳٶ˵ʲôףߣ
׵˵ͷ˿￴ոһоͲɱ˸ۣʤȫһĿȻ
ߣ˺ȴǻҪɱȥ
˭𶯣ߡȴǴȵȭͷգ˼ʹ˽׷£ҵ˭Ǹ˽ﱨѧԺΪѧԺκһˣҲ
˿ŸۣǾ֣ǵĹȻʲôô
лǳŸ΢΢ףת˲ʹʧˡ
ԺûˣȴǻЩš
ڸˣֻҪչֳ㹻ʵԲɵɵȥԸ㡣΢΢һЦܿʹ׻صѧԺ
ѧԺ֮С
ǿڱ֮еĶɽѩε꾭ɻ޲ʮεĳѾɢˣȲˡ
ܣⲻܣˣǶתôײţڷ
˽۾磬Ѿʼ뷨ںϣγѾôױٵģˣȴɽѩǻߣɻ޵ĳ¼죬Ѿ漣ˡ׵ļһ֪գαصء
ҡҴˡ׹˵ϣԳΪӣĸױ˺ҲɱҶ죬ûаȫУø˶ɽѩʲôûԾųֻҪΪ˲飬ػԼߵһУû뵽ҵԥȴˡ
̲סһ̾Ϊ׸еϧ
Ժûа취ôʵ
ʵҲһǳ˼һ£֮гĿܣ˵ܸɽѩ֮⣬һĳ־磬תʱգʱ䳤֮ڶɽѩǰһ̣ȳߴ֮аѶɽѩɢپۼҲ޷ɽѩ
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ҲáﰵҪԼһɣŻӵг־õĶҲ˲ƣغ¯ҪɢˣҲڵʱˡ˼飬дһ˵ڸɱɭ˵ùȥΪس¾һʮʿΪɽѩᣬȻ³򣬵ҲǹˡѧԺʲôҲ¡
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ܳ˵ţѵ˾ʯ˳ԺڤۺƵʮ˲ΪѹƵ
Ҹоˣÿһھһһ㣬һۣʯѹޱ޼һ㣬ڤѾĲ˼飬м仮ؿռ䡣
ǰԺΪѾླˡ˵ţӹƿԼһȻǸʱĶͷ˵ƵˣҼ۸񲻵͡
ʱǨʱĶڶֵǮˡЦЦôʮ˲ζΣ
ĿǰҲֻǰʮһ㣬ÿһдֲñʯѹұѹʯ֮£ͻĻӤɵмŮԭ򣬱ȡܸܵЩȴ٣һգ۾һһ㣬ʹݡҽʯѹѾпˣڼ䣬ҿܲסֳ֮࣬Ըѡɢ˵ţ΢΢ҡͷ
ԭˣӣƺѾ˳롣
ţ뿪ʮʵ׵ͻƵ۾磬һʮ˲ܷԺ׷ˡҲһã˵ʮ˲ܻҲԸ
˵ţݺݵһھơ
뿪㣬ʵԺʮ˲֮ܳ࣬Ҳδǻ¡뵽Լӵøǿ󡣡
˵ˣȾơ׾Ʊһ

Сʱ뿪ڤ硣
ʵҲûʲô׼ģ뿪ѧԺʵȥһģ뵽ǸԣǲҪ̼ˡ
ºɽ
ɽȻһɽؾȴͨɽͨɽѧ˵ɽѧѧ֮ɽһιҲһλۡдԣλʵѾͻƵླֻһֱû뿪ɽǰӶѡ
ЩֱһطȥѾڵˡ
֮ˣɽѧһҵص㣬֮Ϊɽ̨澺ȽƣеǴޣΪ磬ÿֻҪóһݵ׽𣬾ܲսɽ̨еģ㹻ȫӮ˫ʵкô
񣿡һ˹ѯʵӺȻŵ۾Ϊҿڽϡ
ǵġ˵ͷʵ˿ڹۿɽ̨ͬһսλ۾սһŽ׵Ϊһȴǽףֻ׵ĵ۾Ȼ׵ĵ۾Ĳ¡
ϵټĵ۾ȴһ㶼ټˡ
ڱԵ۾׵ɽһֽϢ飬ͨɱ¾һ׵ɽѧѧԱֽŵͨӰ򣬶һһλʦӽܵԵĶŵЩ֮ɫ


1374 Ӯ
˵ͷܿŵܲ򵥡
Ӱ򣬶һǾʦϻǾ䡣ӰóԻ󣬶ʦó͵ϮԶ빥ûӰǣסԷȻʹþʦֶΣݷɵذ֮͵Ϯɱˡ
ʱֻƴ䡣
ŵһնӰգÿһӰȫһһ㣬ֱ治١Ϣ۾ԵЩ֪룬Ѹٵغˣɾʱѷɵƿնӱ󶴴ؿڣȻʹŵʤ
ŵ޳ɹʱ̲סƣ˵
Ҳ̲ס޵
Ȼѯһӣôȥɽؾɾʱȴǿ񣺡˵ѧԺţںӴϵսնɱ˶ʮλ۾н׵Ķλôȥô
һû뵽ӻϳ
ӿԥЦЦû£д裬Ӯûʲôʧô쳵϶УҪӴͬĶ֣չ˼·ҹԴ󡣡
ӵĻͦϿɵģȥŵһս²ӱ⡣
ҪôһΪҪôһ
ߣһѧԺļһҲŵ쿪ʱԱߴһѭȥȻɽѧεˡ
˵ʲôмһˣɫո˵Ļò˵һѧԺѾȫĵߡ
˵ѧԺѧԺѧܻŵôͱˣһһŮҲǹЦޱȡ
ʲô֣
ôҵ֣Ժˡû£Ҳ£ҽв˹ɽѧѧԱ˺ߵ
˹ǰɣڿ˵ҲܻŵҪǻô˵˿̷侲
ҪǻŵҸǸջظոյĻ˹һȫνӣŵܡ
ס˵Ļ񵭵Ȼӣ֪ôޣҪʲô
ܼ򵥣ŵѾ˾Ÿսߣۻĵ׽Ѿﵽ512ңҪֻҪó512ңܿʼЦ˵
512ңһ֪ԭô£һ˱Եʱ򣬵׽ֻ2ңǵһˣ׽ͱ䷭ˣȻԴƣ˵ھŸˣۼƵĵ׽ȻѾ512֮ࡣǻңҲٶˣһʾ޿
㲻Եĵ׽òɣ˹
ˢЦһݳԼǼпЩɱô۾ྦྷ˼ʮ飬ٶҶòҪ֪һ鲻ྦྷܻȡһˡ
ӵ˵ͷ
ˣӽˣҪǻŵûԼĵ׽𣬶ҿ԰ۻĵ׽ҲߡȻ㲻ߵ׽ʱҪս㣬Ҫó1024ҡ˵
š˵ͷҲǰզֵ࣬׽ۻֱǿֲȫǳֲָɽɽ̨ô𱬡ǸʵҲֻһңܲȡʮǼĲҡ
˹ϾĿ񣬶ǱѾӽ硣
ɽ̨һ޴ǿս
ŵüͷȴ۾ΪûУȻҲҪ̨սң
΢΢һЦŵЩ˼㲻Ҳûн׵ΪȴԽ׻Ϣ۾
ŵ⻰ЦΪţһˣ˵ҲһˣӦʲô֮ӡҲƾﾳ۷Ϊܻܽ׵ͨ۾ңʤ㡣
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Ǿɣﾳ۷սҵģ㻹ǵһŵ˵ţսһᣬȴû˿С˼ԲԼߣҲȫԸ
ã˵ͷͨϵǳȾǷ˹ֻǳɽɽҪŵȥ
⡭ȻЩֶΡŵֻǿһ֣Ѿ֪񲻼򵥡һķɽնɱŵʱϵĶսѸٵն˳ȥܻһĵӰҪӭһķɽ
⵶ӰǻӰһ㣬ɽײȻ˴̶
黯ʵ
񿴳ˣѧԺ֮Ϲ۾Ŀγ̣۾ġŵĻӰ򣬿˵ǻӰĽϣҪǿ۾Ļ򡣶黯ʵǻһܸߵľ磬ջ۾˵ֻҪΪ㹻ǿ󣬻ĶתΪʵõĹҲͬȵ˺
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ЩȴǺȻͷۡ
ŵһȻһǱĹҲһࡣ
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ŵ͵Ϯʧܣһʱ侹Ȼû˸һ
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ֻʱ۾Ѿˣ˰ɫǺȻӻӰõİۡ
ʩչۣѾѾͬնڵİȫһֶۣ֮ܰѶԷһǶԷ֮ڵתְۣͷ۵ĹֶΣڽս֮пνϵ޷졣
һȭһȭĹ֮£ŵȻȫû˻ֻܱ֮ܡ
ŵ˿ѾޱȣȻܰѽսӵ̶ֳȣ뽻ս֮ҲŷȻһּĵزʩչսĹʽȫû˿ͣͣԼԼ汾Դĸо
飡
ڰһش֮ŵǰĽ
ŵһǽΪֻﾳ۷ΪڼΪţȴȫѹƣΪͬոһսɱѾɱټٴˡ
ڹעһսˣ˿ҲĿɿڴ
˹Ѿɫࣺôܣô˵ŵ
һһŮҲһ
ֻɽ̨Ӵ˿̿ʲôȴ˵֮еĻҪ࣬һֽսɱԼĳ̶ȣ鱨֮пһ㶼ûἰ
ŵҧҧȴǲ䡣
ãӦҲսӿѾôƢĶˡ
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촫ӰǳҲɢ
Ǻһָ
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˵ͬʱֻһǷɵֱӴؿڣǺһָҲŵࡣ
飡
ŵֱըɢˡ
˺ǰһ޴Ŀӣ嶼Ǳ˴롣
Ȼû
ǿͷһ֮ǰ˿̾ҲҪŵһɱ
սɹΪµ
ʱһγѡ
Ӯˣ
˳磬ʱɫĿŲ˹ӮˣǲǸõǸˣ
˹ɫѿȴú磬ֱӾǵߡ
һһŮȥӣȫǲǸ
üȴҲû
ʱ԰׵ЦЦʽҽһ£ɽѧĸ֮һҽء
ףⲮؿϿʵðָˡ
ʱ߰ɣڴȥɽؾֻɽؾʱ䣬һҪúϧ㲻֪ڵɽؾÿܽȥˣÿһޱȡ
ͷһؾһܽȥ˶õˡ
ؼ֪ոյǸ˹ΪʲôΪôʵĻɽѧ֮УﾳܽɽؾͲ࣬ҲÿʮˣڵʮλΪһ˽ɽؾʸҪռһͰˡ֪ҪϢʵġ
ЦԭȻô¡


1375 ɽؾ
˵֮һҷɴ
񿴵ɴ޴ޱȣ䱸ҲǼȽﻹ֪һ漶ɴ
ôȷʵһ漶ɴ֮ķɴǰϵֻ֪ɴߵȼ漶֪漶ɴҲΪȡڳ漶ɴĵȼʵA6漶ɴҲǱȽ϶ģ۹׵Ĵۡؽܵ
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ƼҲǾ޴ģǿķɴͽ׵Ĳһսؼ
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ӭɽѧ½ɽ½һĳɽ滨ԪɣҲɽؾڡؽܵˣɣ
šôһƬ½дܴ
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õġȻӦʣҲóʱ˽һɽѧ
شһסɽѧרŽӴĿ˵ģƺܵĵһķ涼ͷųһǿϢʶɨоģҲﵽﾳŽ׵ǿȡ
֪Щ˿ܲûж⣬Ҳᡣ
ˣסҺ˵ЩطǧҪ̤㡣󽻴˵ЩطɽѧĽأһ˲ȥ˶ǰ
֪ͷɵˣŻȥ̽ɽѧܡ
Լķ䣬һ£װλܲ
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˵ͷûʲôģҽһɽؾʸ׼ɽؾ
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ǵȻֻҪԸ⣬ܣȫȨ̹նֱӵ
˼ɽؾʸҺҪҲתá룬Ǿʵ˵ҪԼķԴ˳ɾ͵۾Ȼתá
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һȵ֮ģһһױԴҵļˡ
˼ҲҪɽؾѰͻƵĻᣬǾԲתõġ
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ֻǽ⻹û꣬Ȼ½˹Ҳǿɽؾʸ
ȻʸְԽ֣ȻҲ˵ɽؾļֵ
һµʱܿȥһ첮ˡ
λ˶ˣǾͿԽɽؾˣÿɽؾãﶼм¼ʱ䣬ǻᱻԶͳصɽؾϣҲ˽⣬ҾͲ˵ˡ
شŰڵĶʮˣ˷ɴ
Ȼ󣬷ɴʮӣһƬһա
Ǹ
ǶʽȥܸоһɼԭʼϢֻǴϢ궼̲ס
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һѭȥǾȻߣȻ㣬û뵽Ҳ˽ɽؾʸ񡣡
⻰ɫ䣺ߣ㣬ҲҪҵʦæôˣŻһɽؾʸ񣬶һֻꡣǸʸ񣬱Ӧҵġ
Դ֮ԱǣҲƾ蹦ѫֵһģ㼼˵⻰˲м
¶ʱ˵ų԰ˡ
½ȭͷò׵ĻᣬһҪסһҪɽؾѴ񹦸һ㣬ɱ
ʱ򣬲ߵٴ𣺡ˣλԽɽؾˡ
Ļ䣬ЩȲ˶ʽգȻʧˡ
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ųɽؾȥ
ʱձ任һ㣬һ磬̫Ũˣһޱȸ߼ǿЩʵʱģԭʼζֻƺһܡ
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ƬİʱգСһ㣺Ҳһ㣬㱬ը֮󣬲γڵ棬ҲǴըۡһ̺ɢγڵ棬ǸʲôĴڡ
ؾ˵ҲըʱΪʱͬʱ֣Щûȫɢռ棬ĵطǸʱҲ淨ʱЩҲУԲųΪʥء
˼ţҲڴΧ
ɽؾȷʵһɽϸڵɽϣҲֲЩֲɲܹȵģΪɽؾ֮еԭʼľ޴ޱȣҺǼӲֲҪԴնϡ
ݽܣɽؾһʮ߸ĵطЩطȫǷʱ򣬱ģзԭʼĺۼţÿ˸Ĺͬɱķͬ϶ѡͬĲ㣬ñǴ񹦣϶Ǳſ֮ȥġңʺҵĿ϶硣
˵ţһطȥ
ܿ죬ɽؾɽۣʱɽȥǾȻһƬ嫵գ֮Уһŵ۳ƣƽһγɸָĺǺϵγһƬƬա
ֻǿһۣǿĵ̲סһ
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㣬ȡһǳӰ̺ķﵽһٶ֣˵һȷ򡣲̺ķ࣬ҲѲĵط꣬ʱȴһ񡣡ߵ
ȻôѣȻ
ǵġ߿϶ҪˣҲһʹвȷġˣϽɡҸһ飬ò׽һΣĲʲôֻҪʱûͲҪ뿪һҪȡߵȼķ
Ŷ˵ͷ
֪Ϊʲô˵ôʵǻѵáܲһֶȷܶʮȷ򡣷ĵȼΪ֮󣬻ԽԽԵҪʲôںϵ·ӣöȷںϳһֶȷҲһҸ룬ʵ̫ˡ˵ţ۾֮оȻһֿ֮ɫ
ллǰָ㣬Ҽˡٴζ߱ʾмȻʼ
˼ʱֿ˿ţȻֱ۾
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ǳ书ѾԾתƺѾһſǳ
һºϾȻһ貵ǹ⣬Աߵ߶һ
ô£һ£Ͳһַȷǹⷨ򡣡𾪲ѣֻȷѣҲڽ֮ǰѾˡҲˣⷨףԺͻƵ۾ȫûˡ

֮ٴ۾ǻȻ˵ڶַ򡣲ãֻȷ򡣡
˿̵񣬶ԼȻҲָơ
ǹⷨǻ򣬾Ȼǳйصķ򣬿ϧֻȷ򣬻ţҾǳΪ۾ҲһֶȷΪ۾ֻܼ򣬺ʱŹȥ£ʣµʱ仹úܡ
Ļᣬһķǰǰһ˷ѡ
Ǿת۾¹ȥ
һ죬۾һ㿴


1376 Ƽ¼
ֻӰȻȻȫʧһ㡣
ǷǰǷ򡣡
ʿˮǽӽȷһȷˣһĶȷСһﵽʲôˣžŸ£ȷѵҪɽؾļ¼ɡҼǵã֮ǰǸ¼ļһһβҲ˰ַֻǶȷȴ֮ࡣ
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֡
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ʱȥ˸һεĲ
鷨ȷ򣬵֡
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ϸ㣬ɽؾʱҲŲ꣬˰Ƿ֮ٶȾȻԽԽ졣
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ﲻϵسţһʮȷÿһַ˲ٷ֮һĳ̶ȣκһַΪܳɾ͵۾ȷɾ͵۾ʵڲҪĽҪ취һֶȷУֻʱҪˣҸоʱڣҹٲһַˡ
Ժһַ
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ʲôķۺϹ
ϵسԣºʶ֮еʮȷȫۺϵһ飬ۺϺӣȻһģһ㣬һֵķתϢȫûһųĵطԵģͻȱ˴һӡ
һߡʮţȻȱʮſ顣
ţ۾ȴԽԽƺˣЩȷʵһָǿ֮һû´ĻָǿǳһȷֻǷֿÿһַ˰ٷ֮һͻƵ۾磬Ϻǳȴûв򵽰ٷ֮һ޷ͻƵ۾ˡ
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ʱ򻺻ڵ򵥣ǲ򵥣һʮȷⵥѾɽؾʷĵһˡֻȻʮȷ򣬿ȴһֶȷûУԺֻѡһַΪ࣬ĶҪʵǿϧ
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ȴЦôȷᷢǳİء
ǰôȷʵѾˡЦЦҲϸ˵Ȼ͸оʲôʱ䵽ˣҪ뿪ˣǰǣ
߻˵ʲôͿʧɽؾ
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Ǵۣ㲻ɽؾôôпˣ֮ڣһʱ̧ͷߡ
Ȼ£ɽؾһ˼СһȻĦ磬֮ʮַȻȷ򣬵ѾԶԶɽؾļ¼ǴҲ߻˵ˣ˵ǲǾţ
ʮַꣿӾޱȣôܣ㶼ȷʱʮ֣Ҳ̫ˡȻǾţѧλѧԱҼ


1377 Ǵ
ǴʱεʱߵĴæҲûüѯʣȻҾͺˡѧԱǲΪӣʵ̫ϧˡھʮȷԺһֶȷ򣬼ǰ϶顣
ӵ˵ͷ⵹ģԵѧԱǰ;
ǴȻҲãҾͼææˣҵѧԱΪӡ
ЦЦкѣӦüѧԱӣֻҪѯһ°Žɽؾĸ˲أȻ֪˭ˡ
Ǵһϲء
صסһӺȻ˹ص۾롣
һЩֵҪң
ӵͷŲؾͳǴȥ
תۣ˾˴
ش˿ЩսսģΪʲôҪѵԼʲô顣ֻ߽һôѧһλҲڡ
Ǵۣ
鷳ˣҾ㣬ɽؾѧԱ˭Ǵ۰˰֣۳Ӱ
ػȻ֪ԭԼˡ
ȻиӰȥܿͱϳˣϾ˺ӡ󣺡۾˽νɽؾ֮һȴؾѧԱֻսһڹѫһɽؾʸѡ
Ǵۻ࿴˿Щţ⾹ȻѧѧԱ
һβʮַţܴѧѧԺǰ˾ǡЦЦ
еǴ۵ͷǿɽѧ֪˼Դ
⡭ش˿ȴֹ
ôˣأѯʵ
֪һˣȻѧѧԱҲһɢޣѧԺĸв꼶ѧ츳֮ǰ̾ע⵽ǿΪѧԱȴ̵ܾλϻȥѧԺǿҪˣȴѧԺѵһ̵֮ӯ꾴۳֣Ҳ޹ɽ֪ѧԺԺҲһλۡڲǰѧԺԺǻ˸ĸۣĿǰڴ۰֮ʮ塣ذԼ֪Щȫ˵˳
Ǵ۶ȻǱ˼ҵš
ЩΣ֮ǰŹѧԺԺ¼û뵽ȻġȻɽѧҲѧԺԺѧǿѧˣֵá
Ǵﲻ֪ðȻһλ۽ʵǲǡ
ǴۻһĲԸЦЦȻѧǴԸΪӣҲܾϾҲķԺָȫ㹻ˡ
Ǵ۲۾һеǿȥ
ص۾ɵۣû뵽Ľ飬㲻֪Ǹѧô
ҲҾܾȥ
ʱ¶һЦݣ뵽˸࣬ţȻڻѧԺѧǴһõɽѧĺôԺתͷɽѧҲǲܵ飬ѧֶ񲻱̸ࡣ
ɽѧ֮Уûм뿪ڴĦԼǳ
Ȼûߡص۾ʶһɨ¶˷ܵɫ
ص۾о˲صʶվյſڵĲص۾͵һоȫͬˣվȻһبŲǳһ㡣ңȻһɾ޴ѹȻһλԶ鸩һ㡣
ôܣǲʮȷҲ˱仯ص۾г
ص۾ʲô飿ѯʵصɫ쳣ԼǳͷųϢոʱ鲻ԽͷųϢǿһȷǰͽ׷ĵ۾оһѹ
Ŷģ롣ظоǹѹʧΪԼĴ
üԷΪʲôҪص۾֪ɷ͸¶һΪ£ô֪ҵģҪҡ
ɽؾһӲʮַ򣬸֪ˡҸ㣬̯Ϻˣѧ֮е֮һǴۿ㣬Ϊӡ˵ƺԼҪΪˡ
ǴۣȴüͷɲΪʲô۵ĵӡ
Ǵǽ編һּǿĶȷõʦػ˵


1378 ָ㲻
ǽ編
΢΢һҲ˵ַģ֮ǰɽؾҪķһ֡
ôѾǳİأĲ²⣬ǽ編ӦҲмȷ϶ɣֻҪʮǳȫȻ԰ǽ編ݳ
ˣߡشߴ
ðɣΣҪܾǴ۵ĺ⣬϶ҲҪͶԷ˵
˴
ּˡһǴۡ
ԭǰΣðˣǰǴˡ
ҡǴΪԺɽĴ棬λʮѧԺԺҪλɽؾҿһβ򣬾Ȼʮȷ˰֮ģΪӣΣ
һûᣬǴ۽̵ѧԱ٣ΪӵģҲֻˡǳΪ˴۵ĵӣԺ󲻵ܵõȫɽ򶼿ԺˡЦе˵
񣬿ӦشߴЩĽˣܱΪӣǺεȵҡ
ЦãȴȻȻ۵ĺˣѧԺѧѧԺĽ̵㹻ˣûҪٰһλʦ
Ǵ۲ס籾İһҪΪͽ㲻øжµĴӦôǾܾô
ҲɵۣΪԼˡ
ͬ±ƣҪˣǴΪʦҲӰѧԺѧݡ
ͷ֪ĲҪٰһλʦˡ
ɫЩһҪָ㣬֪ǶôĻԵǴǽ編ǵõȫԺ˵ܼ̳²ΪһǴۡ
ҡͷû£Ҿ͸ˡ
ܾľܾˡ
ңתҪߡ
ȫûһµ˼ûбǴ۵
ܸңΪʲôԸΪʦôǴʱ򻺻ڣĺΪʲô
Ҳڿ
ҲһĽͣҪһΪʲô
ǽ編жȷɣǴۣûлشǴ۵Ļѯʵ
Ǵס˼һãȻ
񿴵εԣǻôҾܾǴ۵ĺ⣬Ǵ۸ָ㲻ҡ
仰һһ㡣
ʲôָ㲻ˣûʸ񣬸̲
Ǵۿһλۣɽ˭˵Ļ
ɫˣɱ˵Ķˣһ֪ô
ذһã°ɡ
ֻԱߵǴۣȴ˳˼Ƭֻ̺ûпǹ⣬ѵ֪𰸣
񣬾Ȼ˼øһ
ҵ㣬ǽ編ȷɡ룬ԼԺ֮еǳģͲ²ġ
֣Ǵ۲⣬Ϊʲô֣ô֪ģ
ΪѾǳİأǳʮȷɣʮַ֮УĸΪһ壬˾ֶȷǽ編һ֡񻺻˵ɽؾģ˵Ҳǻرɽѧҵνᡣ
ǳ
ֶȷ
ʮȷ
ǴۣǸ˿̶ˣɽ˼ԪȻ֪顣
˵ʵ̫˼ˡ
ôܣ˵ôԾĿǴۡ
Ҳ֪˵ǶԵġǴۻа취֤
֤ü
֤׼ɽؾ꣬ʮꡣǴ۴˿Щ˵ģֱǸָһ֮·ɽѧǴ棬˵ԺܰķǳѧԱ
áͷ
ʮɽؾĻᣬ̫ˡ
һüĴ󿪣ǳģͷ˳ʮȷ齨ģͣĵġ
ǳǳ򡭡еȷϵһ飬ȱٵʮſ飬ôʣʮȷ򡣡Ǵ۲˵֮꣬ҾȻ֪ǳܣֲ޷ǽ編ǳΪǽ編ǳʵǲ̫ԶȻֻǳľŷ֮һ
֮ǰôû˷ܣʱЩҲЩù졣


1379 ս
Ǵ۰˰֣ȴǸ˴𰸣֣ǿû뷢ǳʮȷ򹹳ɣʵҪʮȷ򣬲ܹǳɽмʮַ򡣻֣һǳĶȷ򣬾ͷǳܷǳܵ˾͸ˡ
ͲضǻȻ
ʮȷ̫ˣеһӶ򲻳һȷ
ܲȷҲȫǳصġ
ߣһһֶȷһ˶֮ǰȷȥ
һֶȷͻƵ۾磬԰ٷ֮ʮŵžŵ˵㹻ˡ
Ҳֻı̬һӲʮȷ򣬾Ȼͣȥģܷеܡ
Сѣ˵ķڷȷʵָ㲻㣬ڷѾҡǴۻ˵˿̾Ȼûһ۾ļӡ
Цã֡
ɶ˼ǴҪƽཻô
ܰǳ˵ȷʵҲֵɽѧŴ
ңȻǳİأ۷ľ̶ȣʵԶۡ룬ǫ
⵹ģҶǽ編ֻһܳɾͲ࣬ûͻءô֪ǳܣôҲҪһԣܲҲǳǴۺ˵Ѿķ
ף֪ʵǴ۾ϣã
ܲǳܣҪǳ书߼Ĺɱķǳֻʱ䣬ʹʮȷߣŽӽ򼶵츳ɽ֮ȵҲ޼Ǵ۵츳϶
ߣˣȥʹһǴ˷ʢЦ
㡣ЦЦһȾƣҲɽһˡ

ʮ֮Ǵ۵ĸۡ
ɽؾʮʱ䣬ѾΪȡˡʮ棬ٲǳ򡣡Ǵۻ˵
Ҳ֪ҲȫҲһֶ򲻳ϾԽ棬ԽѲ򣬶ֻһȷҲ޷ǳ򡣡
ǰʮȷ򹹽ǳ˵ףʵ̫ˡǴһΣϣܳɹ㶼޷ɹԺɽӦöܲǳˡ
ҾЩѹͨʮ˽⣬֪Ǵ۲ܣʵǴ۸飬һǳζɣ֮жڱǳǴ˵ǳߵ׷
ʱͨѶȻˡ
Ȼǲء
ôˣǴѯʡ
ص۾ң֪ʲô顣˼һ£ͨص۾
㻹ûнɽؾɣһ飬йءؿڵ
棬ʲô龹ȻйأһҪϵ
Ҳѯʣ֪ϲʶ澺Ǹ£ɽָ̨̨Ҫһս
£
Цû뵽ܷŮ鷳ˡ
ǵģɽؾһֶȷʵֻһͻƵ۾ˡɾ԰벽۾ΪȴѾ̨Żʮλĵ۾֮ǰܵŵڣѾ˸̨ػ˵Щɶʱôˡ
񾪴ˣû뵽Ѿôǿ
鷳ôǴۿѯʵʵѧܻµĵҲмЩѧԱߣмս
ȻָҪսңԼɡ˼һ£лǴ۵ĺ⡣

硣
ɽ̨¡
˿̵£Ȼͷȫףһֵֺĸоǰ׷ħŮô
ˣҲЦ֮ǰڻ̹ġҿ£֮ͬڣûܻҡһûͻƵ۾磬ҲûУͻƵ۾֮ǰһսҪ㣬ϴˢ֮ǰĳ衣
ôҪʧˡ̯̯֣Щ
ߣɽؾ˹ΰֻܵ㡣ޱȡ
Ǿôˡһߣһ澺εЦ


1380 Ҿج
ѧò˹ַڶȷ涼Ǽǿġѧֻһܽ׵۾磬νѾǰ벽۾ѧãҪôѾ׵۾Ҫôһһȷ򣬲ȻǱذɡԱһҲǵ
Ѿµħһս¿˷ħɨƽϰ˳̤۾硣һӻڵµʦ
˿̵ĳϡ
ѾȥΧ嫵ǿգһֵֺĸо
ǰƿЩǳڣǻǳΪЩǳһ
飬һд벻ڵģΪ࣬ǹƿߣȴ߶ţһɢ
վ֮У׷Ʈ裬ʱ⣬ۡ
оһϮǹ֮Ǹ֮ǹȥ֮
ôȡһ˿ʱѣЩǾ궼ḯ࣬ܲݵġţǳתЩȥȴȫ޷һķᱮһգѹš
ô£߷˲ԣǹȻȫκβֺ
ԣⲻԡµʦҲ쳣ȻȫӹôܣѵѾͻƵ˽۾硣۾Ǵ߶ȷʵԵһֹǿΪ߾磬벽۾綼
Ĺûκô̯̯֡
ģһװǻƣողţСԣ㿴򣬹֮ȭ·ŭÿһȭٶȶ˹٣ȭͷ渲ǵĹ֮ԶγַΧǲȭͷУҲı֮ʴҪǱˣһӾͻʧȥʮѪ󽵣˥ֱΪ
ºһȭһȭϵزһȭϡ
ɣҰܣ
Ĺ֮һӾʮҪꡣ
һȴһǳһ㣬겻࣬޾Ĺֱ֮ɢ
ôܣ
´ʧɫ
˹ܻˣ޴
ܷʵܲпᡣ
һɽؾ֮ĲûʵǲĸԶˡ
񻺻˵ţǺƽ飺ҾʵجΣ֮ǰܻңԺԶܻҡ
Ҳţɫ
Ұܣȴǲ˵һָǹһͶµüģݻһС
սɹΪһ𣬴ɽ̨˴˿̶ûзӦ
ˣ¾Ȼˡ
һͿأ
ôܣ
澺ļѧԱˣѾﾳ޵е£ôܻܡ
ʦô£ʦȻǸô󷴶ʦðˣһ澺ѧԱ̲סʵ
һȷһȷ򡣡µʦЩ
һȷ
ʲôɽܲһȷģҲȼ˶ѡ
˵ÿһܲһȷߣԺֻҪͻƵ۾磬϶ܻô۳ƺš
һȷ򡣡¸ոת⻰һӵķŭȴʧˣֻлֺ̿Ͳ
񣬱˵ǽ죬ԺǶ֡
˵ûԼجΡ
£Ͼˣ˵Ĳ֮ĲˡµʦһЩǷϣûĻһȷӦǳ򣬶ַһȷ֮УŵϺŵġ
ʦ½ҧ촽ǲʡ
߰ɡµʦȾ뿪Ѿ˵ʲô

ˣǴۿ˳ѯʵ
ţӮˡ˵ͷлǴİæҽ׼һ£Ҫٴνɽؾˡ
áǴļѾֵƣԱߵЩҲǳ𾴡

ɽؾ
ٴνȴǿʮꡣ
ǴİæˣȻɽѧЩţҲһʮꡣǴ۳˸мҪҲŹͬ룬Ҳǳ
ϥ£硣
ǳ򣬻ȱʮ򣬲֪ܲ֡Щڴ񽥽С


1381 ǹ
ʱȥһꡢꡢꡭ
ת۵˵ھꡣ
۾˿˫۷˾˵Ĺâ۾濴ȥȻһƬǺӵĵӰ
ȻԽԽѲǰ꣬Ųʮǳ򣬿굽꣬Ȼֻһ֣ӵ굽ھ꣬ȴһֶûв
˼еԭ
Ѿʮһǳ򣬵Ǿʮ֣֮ࡣ
࿴Ʋ󣬵һ֮ңȴ֮𣬺ο岽
Ҹо̺ǳҲģоǻʣһǳ򣬹ҲغǺԵ֡ţһʱ䣬ȥҲʲôʱ䣬һԼǳȻһһԼؼ
뵽ȥ
ɽؾǰ磬°빦
ʱһĹȥԺ֮ĶüëҲʱչʱ
Ҫ뿪ˣǳΪǳʮʽȻ಻㣬ҲֻˡţһŴ棬ǳʮʽĿ棬ɣô˵ҲǵɽѧĺôͰǳʮʽɽѧ˽ҿѧʮʽҲǻرɽѧˡ
˵ţվ
ûм򣬶ɽؾ
ȿһŴǴʱ䳤֮һҶϵ䣬ൽƣֱء
֮ɽؾĲ֮һ
Ĺ
ſһƬ󺣣һִյӳУһɫ
һ½أһʯɽһ֮зе
ʱ䵽ô
оʲôʱձ任Ѿͳɽؾ
ʮ򣬵˽
Ǵ۵ĸۡǴѾڵ
Ǵ磡
ʮ֮䣬ȥΣÿһο㶼һθءʮȥҲǳˣô
ֻʮһ֡Щ˵ǴһƬ⡣
̬Ǵȴ̲סһʮʱ䣬ǳʮȷ㾹Ȼʮһ֣˵ȥ涼Ƕһˡ֪ˣʮֻ壬Ŷͣ˵ȫǳ򣬻ǰ϶ˡ
Ǵһ˵̲סȴҲǳš
ˣΪ˲ǳ򣬽ҪʱˣΪ˶һͻƵ۾ˣɱ𼱡Ǵۻ̲ס
ܲ͵ǺˡͷˣǴ磬뿪ѧԺʮˣҪȥһˡҲǳ⣬˵Ժа취ҽò˶ãҾȫǳ򡣡
ѧԺԺǴȻ
ҪСԺڷԶǧ򱶣ƺû֪ġ˵ţҲ˾壬Ҿˣˣɽؾ֮һ㶫ǴȤȥ
ŶҵҪúÿǴЦ֪ʲô
ˡתҪ뿪
ȵȵȣȻ㶼һ㶫ҲһǴ˵ţгһҷŽСۣҴһλλĹѨ棬żȻõһ֮Ϊǹۣ۵ٶȿԳ٣߿ԴﵽʮĹ٣ҷǿһĴ۶ƿ
ǴϵǽɫСۣס
أ̫ˡ
Ϊ汾ԴƣͻƵླ磬ߵٶҲֻ޽ӽ٣ѳ١
֮⣬ٶȾǹ١
ǹۣȻܳ٣ﵽʮٵĳ̶ȣ˵ȫһ취ˡ
˵ǹ۵ķ۶ƿ⾹Ȼͬʱһ
Ǵ磬ǹ̫ˣҲաҡͷһѻҲ޷һ۾ܿǹ۵ĵȼƴﵽһױԴĳ̶ȣķֵܵһвƸ̫ء
ʲôزصģô棬۵ģⶫҲûã͸ˡҪǲգǾǲӡǴѾЩõ
⡭
ԥԥˣšǴ˵ţǹӸ񣬡ʶӡܲˡǹۿɴСܻСԻҪ߶ǹۣȻ澧ҲԣõԴȴǲʯǲྦྷ


1382 ǵ̷Ծ
Ǵ˵ģʶǹ֮УԼӡǡ
Ժǹֻһʹá
ллǴ磡ٴεлǴôĺôֻԺ취رˡ
ˣϵɣǴ΢΢һЦ

ããǿ֮У񲻶ϵŲš
ɽصϵ⾭Ȼ涴ʮ߸֮࣬мԽϵ
ɽӴϵ
ոճͷΧĿռ䱻ȫŲƸǲܡ
ʲôˣ
üռǿƼֶɵģΪġ
ʱһǿϢֹա
ϵѧԺѧ߼ԱB3֮֮߱ɽؾǳĿǰǳ̶ƲѾ70׷ɱȼAص׷ɱ󡣡ӵ˵ţӣһ塣
֯
Ѿ³ӵϾ֮߱Ҳ֪֯
֯ݰɱļֳֵΪSABCDȼSߣڱɱ֯㾡һֶζҪġһAصĿвSһ㣬ԺܻԽ޴вٴһBһ㼶ģ߼ɱ֡Cľ͸ˣͨ׷ɱD֯ɱֶֻ֣Ҫԭ֮еĽڼ֮ģܲ
ɽʮ꣬ڡӵ˵ţϵɫۼ׷⣬סҵ֣ɱˣ
˵ţһսԴ
ս棬۳޴գ߸ǬֲܻĵӰһ
оȣѾ˽ӵʵӦǽ߽ɡ
֯Ϊĵ۾ɱҲǿˡ
ǰĵ۾϶ôѾ˳80ǳʵȴǿԺﶷϼСãҲһԴǳʮʽţȴǿš
ȥ
Ӱգ˷ʱա
ǳһʽǹ޼
ţһǳɽ˳ЩӰ˹ȥ
Щɽ緢ɢǹһ㣬ſֲȫݡ
ǳɽ뵶Ӱײһ𣬻һʱȻ
е˼ȻܵסҵһҲֻˡЦţս͵һ仯նǳŤʱգˢһ¾͵ǰ
ǳڶʽתƣ
Ȼʧһȫ䵽˿մ
￴ͻȻʧֶΣʶһɨѾڰ֮ٴ׷ɱ˹ȥ
ӲģҪˡ
ǳʽǻԭ
һƬǻְǺӣӰǻ֮Уʧȥټ
е˼ҿ㻹ʲôֶΡսϵǻһӰܿͱ˳
ǳʽҫ
ǳʽɱ

ǳʮʽ֮
ǳʮʽǳͣ
ţֻһźبյĴǣļԪ֮ʱըǳ΢֮һ㱬ըγڵһ㡣
ǻҲ
˵֮£ʹǺӵĿռ䶼Ǽе۾ȻҲֻܻæӴܣӲ
ʵܺͽ׵ĵ۾һսˣȴͺβҡɵ۾վϣȡЦѾ͸ĵϸոյƱΪˣҪսپˡ
ɱңѵûпֻǿһԴʽôڶˣΪһƴɱǸЦЦɱֿһ㲻רҵûоʽϸѵˣԼɡ
ߣＥЦҪܴӵ̷Ծ
ô̷Ծʱ򣬼ǵøҷƵЦȻһУһɫС۷˳
ǡǹۣ˲ɫ䣬ȻϳǰĶǴķô
˵Ǵ͸ҵģôЦţǹۣһŲྦྷȥವһӾʧǰ֮лص
ǵ̷Ծ
һնգףӵʮٵǹۣ׷ϡ
ˣˡ


1383 һλ꼶ѧ
һֱ뿪Ｘڹ֮żǹ۵ٶȡ
ʮĹٷУǲླ֣һЩⷨĴۣȻûסҡգֻĵ̫ˣһ鲻ྦྷڵĳ̶ȣҲܷһٹҡ
ٶ˵ǿ죬ʵҲֻ
ΪŲƵĻӰռ֮ͨһӾŲϰٹľ룬һЩһŲʮľ롣ͨһЩ涴Ȼ涴ͨ涴֮ĿռŤڼ̵ʱ֮ڣǧ֮ĵط
ǹҲпռŲƺʹԽ涴ġ
ǹŲƣһӶŲʮ꣬Щ˿ռ䷨ĴۣȻ涼޵ˡ
˲ϵŲƣȻͨһЩԶĿռ涴һ·˳ĻصѧԺ
ٴλѧԺѾ
ѧԺвԱߣѧԺĹıúʹϢ
ʱ򣬾Ȼѧʲô
Ծģ˹ȥ
ֻдһãһȺѧҲãõѧǱˣѧԺѧ
ѧԺв꼶ѧͻƵʥɾ磬ѧԺ϶ͬѧѾ߱ѧԺв꼶ʸشѸѧԺʾá⣬һ츳Ƭ5000㡣
֮󣬾㵲ѣȻһͻˣ
ܶ˻һͻƵ۾磬ñԼǲǳƾһȷôʮǰͻƵ۾硣һͻƣЩ˼ʵõסǺˡ
ÿ˶ԼĻԵǰһѧץסԵҲλǰУЩѧΪѧԺͷĽֻҪԼŬԼˡЩʻܿ˿ʾʧˡ
ߣûǣֻҪŬԺҲһҫۡԱһȻһȻѧҪĸвѧŻļ˿Եúж־
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һѧԺϢ˲Ϥѧ֣бõģҲдġ
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һ·ѧԺĴ
ͬѧԵȣԺںͻ̸ſڵܻ˵
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˵ͷ֪ЩҲڷԪ־ίߡڴµģѾԪʵȷʵǿһ·ླ綼⣬ôͻƵģ϶᲻ϵѹեҡ
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ʶУ漶תϵؽ
Ժ֮УѾʲôħ裬һζεϢƽһܸӵ빫ʽһƽЩϢ
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Ѿħܣֻ˵ĲħԪĴԪ־ȷʵɱħһŵһ㣬˯һħ֮棬ħ裬ȻܵõеħҲǱؽ壬ħֲϵ׳Ϊһ̣ͻᱻȡ֮
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΢΢һЦкѣҲעһħԪ־㣬ʬ⣬ͻᷢһٰѹס
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ǰ˰֣һעУħֻħ֣ȴһ˿
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1384 
˵ͷǣȻٷ֮ٵΡ
Щ˷ܵأ߳Ժ칫ҡ
񣡡
ſڣͣ˽ŲˣԺ
˿ϵϢʥɾɣף㣬һͻƵʥɾ硣
ȴǲÿɷ񣺡һֶȷɾʥɣһԺȴֹۡҲʹֹģʥɾǲʱڣһᾡһһȷ򣬻߶ֶȷڳɾͲʱ򣬲Ųᱻ˦̫Զ
˵ţʾǿġ
ͷţҲҪԺͲˣʱ䣬һ۾ۡ
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칫棬ǿ񣺡ȥһɽؾܴ󣬾ͻƵ۾綼Զˡǳɾ͵۾ȴҪࡣѾ֪⣬ɣ
˵ţһ˾˺嫵ǿ֮С
ǳըܻ֮壬˵ÿһǳӰǵɽؾ֮УѾǳİأ쵽ǳоֶȷʮȷɡ
ԺҲ֪ǳİأ𾪣ΪԼǵһصġ
Ȼ֪˵ţгһСģֻͣģнǧɡǴ߶еʮ鷨ӵһ
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Ǵ߶ʮ鷨ʱ֮ڵĲȱǳܵٻһ㡣
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˵ţĿΪһ߶ʮ龧Ƭñֳ˾ſ飬ſҫȻϺڰ׾ɫӦǳľֶȷ
ʾһ֮ͣ
Ժǳ֮⣬㡭㻹ôַ򣬶нһǧ˰ɡ嶼ڲϵǷģͣʱʶһľƬһַ
һǧַʲô
һַܳɾ͵۾οһǧ֡
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ֻô૵취һʹѧԺݿ־ݹܵĿƣߵ漶Ȼһݿһܰ򶼸ǲֻǲѵġڶǹ۲ǣÿһǳתǳֱֻ֣Ҫ۲㹻ǳתܽеĹɣȻݳǳ򡣡
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淨ǻľһȷƻȴγɶȷһȷ򡣶ģͣҪеȷ򶼸Щ֮󣬻ֱָ汾ԴҲӵ漶ԣһ˿ܣȷϾһ֣ȫȻ졣
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ǸԼ齨ķģͣݣһȷʵ׼ȷ˵Ӧ10810811664֡
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׻ʮ˲̣Ϊڤһ˵
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һ죬յһ뺯Ľġ
𾴵ԺڿƼشͻƣϣ֤ǵҫ
뺯ҲǺ


1385 ɷ콢
Ľǵ֮ĵһѧңһǧѧϰ׷ϣĿƼˮƽѾϵƽˮƽ
ڵȻƼȴȻݺӡ
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ǰһȥսвһЩǼս
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Ժ˵ģҪôƵġĽŭ
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Ľ˵ͷǵģǰԺ֮ǰ˵ģսĸϷֽ⿪󷨣γսսȻˣսһʹһʮһʮֶ󣬻о󡣡
ϸһ£𾪣ӳ̶ȾȻ˺ǼսǧѾȫˡ
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ս棬Ȼʹõ˹ܣڿƼֶΡ
ȻɷսȴҲųһЩƼƷȫġ
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ĽĵһƼսವһ·ɳ̫ϵȻʼռԾʱ˵ĽԵ
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ͽŰɣ룬Ҳûƴǡ

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Ľ˷ܣϵľѣܳһʱ䶼ȱǮˡ
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õİ壬ֱӶʮңΪ֮Ľ
˭֪սԼ۱ȼߣսѧԺֶģ˵һ޶Ķ
ֻѾٹעˣǰĿͶںӴϵｫҪд·


1386 ȫ
ںӴϵս
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ĵ۾ߣǻ羳߶оˡ
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ڵڶμӹͨһսĽ׵۾ʧɽĽ壬ΪѾﵽ˽۷壬ټӹһͨۼĽ嶼ܹﲻٶˣĴ۹֮󣬿϶ɱ¾һʵס
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ռ
һ羫һŮһţÿһ£ռ侹Ȼˮһֲ
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1387 ̳
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϶ʲô̽޷ϢʶҲ޷̽⣬Ǿ͸϶һˣֻ˽ˡۻ
ȥ˭ҽȥ˭ܱ֤ⲻǽıҲµǻǣԾ͹Ū飬ںӴϵ壬ǽȥͶأ̵ķJ۳Ҳ˵ǵġ
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ǸǹѾˡǴۺƽ˵۶һôصıﾹȻˣļٵġ
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Ϊһ֮ɳҲǷˡ
ۼǱȥһ¹ȥ
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Ȼܸʶ˵ǸʵҲֻѹơڣһ۾ʶְڹ۵ʶ͸˵ˣܵӰ죬۵ʶҲֻܲ鿴һڹ֮ڵľ󣬲Ǻ֮ڵĶȴѾΧ֮ڡ
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۵Ŀ֮£Կһ޴Բμ̳ǰǿա
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1388 ޴в
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һͷʮﳤľޣȫ鲼ɫۼףצֳһɫ۽ϵһ˫ɫ˫ţչĳˡ

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ֻҴѧԺȥһˡ룬


1389 
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ʵҲˣǬʵֻڴ۰֮ŵھţǰĴۼҲҪͿġ
ҪΪǬĸףҲһεɽڣϹǹϵɽһۡ
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ɽѾڶʮۣʣ֪ĶʮλۣܵӦöˡǬ
ϸǰһʮλֻۣȴԶԶ
˵ģжٴۣԤƣҪʮλĿϣǾͲռκεơ
Ϲûôʱ̲סѯʵɷۣ⻰һ˶ǿ˹
ҸɽѧĹҼһζޱѣѾʵϢȥõĻظжǬε
Ȼʲô
жǿȫϹء
ģѾˣֻڰжѡ˹ؼʱ򣬹˾ͻʱ򸱹ϵĿڵȻж϶
⻰˲԰
ϹڰҲãʱֻҪǼ̳һδܰǼ̳ٵʱ룬ƺϹͼһ
ˣҲôģȥֻΪ˴ݻټ̳ĲУҲԱΪϹѵϹЦһҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ѧԺأѧԺԺûôǬȻ뵽ʲôüͷ΢΢
˵ʵϵԶҪǽĳϵ϶ǵһġ
ֻѾϢ֪ͨѧԺѧԺԺȴû̫˵ȥ˰ɡ
ʱҲɫ΢䡣
ߣѧԺԺ϶ˣ۱ĵ֮ǰܸǣﻹǶԹġ
ҼȻһÿһɭɭ˵ɷۣڴаʮʵС
ʱһʵ
˼Ժڱչأδݻٽ̳ѧԺҲ岻ݴǣҾʹѧԺһж۵Ѿʮλ۵ǰ
ҪһжЦˡ
۶ǣƾʲô˵⻰
һСС۾˵ĵطô
һʱ䣬˶Ƕۿʼѵ⡣
ۣ֪ܸԺȻʱǷˣȴǲĺܡԺڱչأﱳ˵ȴЩصˡΪѧԺʦȻҪάѧԺԺϣ˵ԺİֻҶ㲻˵֪ԼĺͻأǼȻˣҪվȽŸҪʵ˵ʺϸԼ
һȺ˿ۣƺҲ۵Ŀġ
ֻøδѡ˰ɣǸ۰ܸǣӴ۰һλôҲʮĴۡ
ǸЦ㾹Ȼ˵ҲǸʵôΪѧԺʦѧԺԺʵɡѾĴЦȫۡ
Ǿԣ۵
Ȼֻһ̹۾ʧˣ˶һ
ΪҶˣ۾ȻŸ۷˹
ҹң۷ŭĴͬ˹ȥ
䣡
˵Ĺһ飬γһ޴˲ΧĹ߶ˡ
۱Σ׷Ųƿ
ЩʵѾ϶군ˣǵɢǰһĻĿɿڴ
ֻ۾Ȼ𣬶ĸ۶ԵĴ֮С
㾹Ȼܵסҵһۼʧ˵
ôЦȻʵǲ㣬޷㣬Ҳô׵ģԣ
ãҵҪǲô˵ţֱֳӳնɱȥ
Ȼи򣡡ô֪ܲ۵ĵϸ˿̻Щηġ
Ҫ֪и߾磬˼ά˶иģ˭¡
ô۾߾绹ʮǧء
ب֮ţ
ЦţһŻŻ濴ȥʲôһƬã
Χһз꣬ǿŻᱻɵƺǺһħһ㡣


1390 ݻټ̳ʼж
۵ĳնب֮ϣи֮ƺҪնź۵ϵ
ǶȻ䣬Ǵ֮ʮֲЩޱȣЯŲ־һ嫵ĴԪ硣
䣡
һ죬۾ȻȥֶЩۡ
˿ޱ𺳣ոǴب֮֮¶ʮȻֻһ˿ȴ޷Ĵһ㡣
и֮޷иҪá
Ҫô
۷վب֮ǰ
ˣòϣʱȷʵκβۡ
ˣˡǬʱ򿪿ˣλѧԺʦѾ֤ԼʵȻѧԺԺڱչأһжϾһ˶һ
ûǴЦЦһԡ
۵ʵȷʵʸˣָտɴһڵȻǷJ۾
˷׷ӦʣҲ˵ʲô
۽ߵǴ۸ǰһԮĴۣӦûǺֵġ
û°ɣǴ۵۵Ժ
㷢ˣû£а취۴صĵչ¶澹ȻһѪۣǸոոģ滹дŸ۵и֮Եޱȣֻ¸Լûз֡
ֹҷˣǰʮĴۣ϶ҲˡǴЦЦڵʵȣǲһ㣬ʮ֮ĴȣȴѾʲôˡҲǿЩǬͷJҲŻſڣͬж
ԭ۵ͷǴ۵˼Ǹ˵һ£ڵʵֻǿۣҪķۻһ㡣
Ļǻصǳ磬ķأɱһʵҲд۵ʵȴǽبֱɱһּǿһȷ֮ٻصǳ磬磬ء
ʵϣҲˡ
ǳķһñؼʱҲʹá
ʮһƺƵûʲôصġ
ȻҲزˡ
ǱѾǵͼѾѼ̳ΧŷǷֹǹ
һ·ȥǾȻһ嶼û
ʮ֮
Ǿ͵ںӴϵ֮Ǹ̳Ѿɼ
ЩɽĴۣҹһǰͲۣҲһλǿĵ۾ɱĹķǰͲ۵ֱڰͲ۶Ƕ֮ǣҲ˽ɽ򣬴ݻѧԺľġ
ŰͲ۵ĻһĴֳ
һǶʮ
ɽ߾ǼۣҲֻʮ˸࿴Ʋ󣬵ҲǲС
û£ǵĿǴݻټ̳ǽһΪ˱̳Ͷ޷ӳȫʵǬĴҡ
ҲЩЩﻹǺ԰ġ
Ͼ۾磬һ㲻ͬ缸۵ΧǺ׵ġ
һλ飬ҲбֶΡ
ۣѾ֮һּˡ
һȺ֪ȰǴȥɽɲֵĵطǬߵȴǺʾ
ôɽǽ廹Ҫˡ˹ۿڵ
˵棬Щ۰Ͳúϼ꣬ʱҴݻټ̳ýа̳óɹǬһϳһۣⳤʣſռĲһͲǷ
ĴҲǷ׷Ǽ̳
ɱ
Ǭһʮȫɱ˹ȥ
Ķʮλӭת˾սһ顣
ȥɣĽ塣Jţһۺ˳ȥǸ۳Χɱֻܽڽڰˡ
˹ĺǿھŵǬ֣żǱѹƵĺ޻֮
ˣҲǲ
ۣʵһ㣬Ҳ޷ֻάֲܡ
ǵĿǼ̳ҪЩ۾ǬֻȻ͵һӰٴγֵʱѾ̳ǧ
·ǺùķȻӿռж̾Ųơ˹ЦȴǲûǬ׷ȥΪǬŲ֮ѾһŮסǽλŮۣҲǿ˼ա
ٵ̳ŶûУҹ˼ЦһǬһ絯һ㣬ֻǬ̳ľ뾹ȻǧѾʮڹﶼֹ


1391 壬᧿Σ
ǬţѾŮķ򣬾ǿռ䷨ɡ
ңܻܿһָ߼
УɲСһĿ࣬׵ĴૣۣɽĴۣȻ򣬿ȴı취֮Ϊ򣬶ַļӳ£һ˺򣬱Ѽžʱա
˼һ£ǰԼĶ֣ҲǰͲۣ⡣
ֻȻһ𣺡Ǵۣҵסһʮ֮һʱ䡣
Ǵ۱۾ͲԶ⻰ǰԼĶ֣ȻԹһٶȳŰͲ۳ײȥ
䣡
Ͳ۴æȴҲֱӱײȥ˺Զ
Ӧֻ۾Ȼֳһ󸫣Խǧռ䣬ż̳˹ȥ
ã
һȺ۾ɽһȺǼޱȡ
۵һ㹻ƻ̳˰ɡ
һӸ޷ֹ
ƣ
ţľ޸䵽̳ʱǴʲôֻ̳ΧһɫĻ֣⻤ֲϵݣż̳ˣҲڰ۵Ĺȫˡ
ôܣ۵һܰһСϵȴʲôָסˣָжǿǬ૵ﲻ
˵ʲô۵ȫһ޷ƿҪλ֣пƿ
ֻһλ۳Ͳˣοˣ̫ˡ
ɾʱ벻һĻˣֻӳֱֲܻӰԼĶִɳȥȴǳûһȭǼ̳˹ȥ
ۣۣǬţʱյ̫ˡ
лᣬǻлᡣ
ۺ۵һһԴݻټ̳
ֻ۵ȭͷϣ۳һب֮ţȻţŻ֣ȻԪ塣
ǿһԺǰʮĴۡ
ҿ
Ĺ۵һ˵ϲһ飬Ѿ˼޵Ļ֣˿һˡ
̳ķ֣ˣ
ɽһȺǿϣʱϲʤ
ǣԲٸκƻ̳Ļᡣ˹۾ǹȥƵ۲òź漱ˡ
֮ǰĶ֣˿Ҳǳ׷ɱҪסۡ
ҲʱһֲϢ֮ѿһ϶Ȼ̽һƣȻֱż̳ȥ
ֳҫ۵Ľ⣬޷ݣ޷һУһС
ԼԼģѾϳ˽ɫƵˡ
ϹϹѪۼޱȣаûϹˡ
飡Ϲ쳹
׹ˣʱѡĸպãۺ˽岼ķ֣׵һܺޱĻٵ̳ǬţѾʤ
ɽˣҲǿʤϣ
ֻǣ䶸
Ǳƽļ̳ȴǺȻҫ۵Ĺâһ޴ޣȻվһ㣬˷
һĻʩչϹǾˡ
̳Ͳˡ֮ƺʲôȻһǡʲô֪ˣ壬ԭ壬Ҿ˵Ϊʲôǻһ·˳ԭǽǹЩ׼
ҲǴۻ䣬һڵȵˣλˡΪƷ̳ɣ
ѭȥȻһϵĽ壬߶̳̳ܻһаͷ­ȻϹҧ˹ȥʳһ㣬ϹһȻаͷ­һ£аͷ­⣬Ϲɹȥ
ﾹȻһλλ顣ϹҧҧҵƷҲ̫뵱Ȼˣ壬Ҳôġ
˵ϹһоȻһɫӣӱ߶貵Ĺâޱҫۣâҫ£ǿֲͷ­Ȼ˾˵ĲҽС
㾹Ȼⱦ⻹ҵֶΡǽЦ־ץʮˣһۣҲɽȽĵ۾
׼
ֻһȣеļƷȫͶ̳֮УΪ˼̳֡
ã
ϹԵķ֣õЩƷ֮Ǽ̳ɱ
֮ǰڲҽеаͷ­һ㣬˿̾ȻȴԽ绯Ϊʵʵ塣


1392 
ߣϹо˾޴Σ
һȺɽĴ⻰ǺԥľǳԶӴ
Ǽ̳ܻһޣЩ޷ɳȥסӴܵɽĴۣûзӦĴֱۣӱܻ޸˼̳
Ĳҽ˶̿֡
ܿ죬ȫûˡ
ˣеѪ궼˼̳ļƷ
̳õЩļӳ֣ٴӣܻͷ­ʵʣһھͳϹ˹ȥ
ϹƴȥֲʹںӴϵĿռ䶼Ǳѿ
عǲ
аͷ­ȴȫ˿һھҧסϹֱۣϹҲ̳
ҪˣԹԳΪƷɣǽ߼Ц
룡ϹŭԼȫѲаͷ­ȴֱһ𣬾ȻֱԼֱۣȻԶӶݶȥ
𣡡аͷ­ϹߣŭѣһھͰϹֱ̳Ͼλֱۣ̺Ǵ֮
ߣϹٴκ̳Ѿϣ̳֮ڣǵʵᱻȫѹƣʵȴܰٷ֮ٵķӳǺʤ㡣ɽôۣܶ
Ϲ˺ѷεĴд۵ٶȸˡ
ʵҲ͸оˣ̳֮һֲǣȫѹǵΪ
෴ЩۣȴǸʵһ㡣
ǣЩ˽ˣռɽĿʵˡǽߴһȺĴҲ֡
ʱλɽĴ䡣
ɷۣJۺȴǿ˹һɷ۵塣
ߣȲġ˹Цһ˵ϵ۰ʮҲô
˵ţһץס˵ɷۣͶ˼̳֮С
ߣߣJۺҲǿˣһ㣬Щ۶Ҫ䡣
ಣ
һɽĴ˳ȥתмѾټ
аͷ­ϹȴǸ뿪
УٲҾ߲ˣֻˡϹҧҧȴ͵ش߶һֲֻֿһ޴磬ע壬һȭǳаͷ­˳ȥ
һȻȫ֮ǰƿֲ
ǴۿʲôΪ֮񣬽תΪǲרġһҲᱻ汾Դ⵽Ϲ޷֮ٴȥˣӲС
Ȼ߶ܺãҸоıԴѾǽЦʵҲ֮ڣҲûаĻɱϹɱҲ޷ɽ͸ˡ
ߣϹҲо֮гֵ֪Լ뾡ӲУȻ϶Ҫ⵽汾Դķɡ
˵ţϹҧҧתͲˡ
ɽĴȴڲֻӴܣʱǼ̳Ϊֵõ˼Ʒȴʵǿ
ã
۸о̳˿ѾȫԼƣ̳ʵ̫ǿˡ
鼶ġ
군ˣ
ʱûܰ뵽Ǽ̳֮еĺ۶ʱҧҧ֮зɳһԪӤҲǳеĶ
ǲ˼ģԪӤǷɶݳȥת۾Ͳˡ
Ҳ˼̳
һսˣһȺۣǽ߶Ǹо⡣
ɽһʮλۣɱʮλʹ졣ˣɽϹҲȴ߶ϾҪ뿪ɽ򣬽ɽûٿǵˡһͳɽָտɴʱɽΪ̳ǾЩԭıһ޴Ľ򡣡˹Ц
ţʼʽɽ֣ռ򡣡ǽЦʵҲһλλ飬ص׼̳ҲΪܲõĳֻʵǲ̳ȴǲûôǿҲĶ̰֮
ãһȺӦһȺ۾Ҳǿڣ쳹ںӴϵ

ϹǱӴˣ˿ʣµ˶ǳ˲
Ǭ汾ԴҵĸӦԽԽǿˣٻҽӣϾҪ뿪Ϲ˵֮ǰм仰Ҫ˵ɽǺѱסˣ㲻ҪӲţ÷Ҫ
⻰Ǭɫ԰ףš


1393 Ϊ
Ǭû뵽ɽȨƵĹһҲҪ
⿪ʲôЦ
ףûа취ôǬǲġ
û취ˣڽѾ˼̳̳λ飬λ񼶱Ĳ֣ȻٲԽȥ̳ǿɽ򣬾֪ûĴڡϹЦ֪ļλֵҲһʤ㣬Ǹ󣬶ҲδԸ֡
ɽôǬǷϵڵϣļλҲһй
Σǻȵһʱ俴ҽ֮󣬻֮УɽȥĲȡж汾ԴӦֶΣӦûֵģϾҲǵļ硣Ϲ롣
ɽȥĲࣿǬ۾һǿϣ
ǵģɽȻֻкСһǳȥȴҲвٵģѱûѾΪԲԲ񾳽ġϹ룬Ժ֮Ҳ˼֣ʵҲ֮еϵ
̫ˡǬ˷ĴҲһЩڴ
ҪˡϹоЩܿ׾˺˿ռ䣬˰磬Ȼһطٵƶ˵һǣƶԶԶسǸطȥһƬ嫵磬һ
Ǿӣľۼ֮ء
ʮλ۳ȥʮλ۲ɽϹ뿪ϢܿʹɽҲǽɢġһʱɽ򶼱һɾ޴Ŀ־֣˶о֣֮Ѿ׼ɽ
ֻ֮ļԶûе۾ʵȥҲô׵ġ
ʮ֮
۵ԪӤڻصѧԺҪԺ
ۼǺģʱҲ˲Ժǲڱչˡ
ǣʦѾΪ֪ͨԺԵȡܻС˵ţҲǽõģ飬Ҫ
֮ǰԸ֪ͨǣ˿ȴǲò֪ͨˡ
ʮ֮ǳˡ
ԺۿǣЩΡ
㾹ȻԪӤ״̬屻ôüͷ֮ǰӦѧԺ̫ǿԺЩѣû뵽ôӦˡ
Ժ˵ˣˡ۴˿Ҳ˲ԼˣȻ屻٣ֻҪԪӤڣԺ
ûе۾ıϣƬ̺ˡ
Ժ㡭
Ѿ֪ںӴϵһ̳Ǽ̳Ѿ˰ںӴϵһǶ֮ɽˡ
Ժô֪ģȻ
֮еһжϢ壬㵽ĳ־ʱ򣬾ܴлȡԼҪϢǵ˵š
ⲻȫ֪ȫô۾ȣЩȻ
ȻҪҸոսɽ磬浽ЩϢ󲹳һ䣬۶ʱֲٵĸо
ԺǼ̳ѯʵ
Ȳ˵Ƚ⡣ǳ˼۵Ļڵ屻ٵʵҲδǻ¡ϾǳˣȻתبΪǳģȴǸûаŹŹ屻٣͸һõ޻ᣬ̥ǣ۷塣
ԺͿҵ⣬ô˵
˵壬ԸôЦһˣò۵ľ磬صǳܳɾ飬ͬںˣ屻٣òʾȫһˡ
ðɣԺҽô죿һתͶ̥ѯʵ
Ҫ˵߸Ĺô¶һصЦݡ
ֹءȵȣԺ߸ź壬Ҳһ壿۾ˣĲڿЦô
ǵӣƺ˼
ѵô΢΢һЦ
⡭Ĳ֪˵ʲôá
ԥˣһẦ㲻ɡ˵ţ棬ָָԱߵĴѧԺϵһմȾѧԺվ͸Ϊˡ
ֻһץ˺ϱϸĴεضȻ󲻶ϵ仯γ۵ӡ
ۿĿɿڴĿô
ˣѳɣԪӤֱɢСǴߴٵݹõҲ֡


1394 
ۻ˵ʲôʱҲֻǵˡ
ֻ۵ԪӤΪһӫ⣬ЩӫǾʶķ֮С
ԺĻԪӤˣʵס
ѧԺѾһ׺ƵϵûԪӤڶûʲôһ˵
еȫŵϸĹӦǴ硣
ʱĹȥת۾ʮ졣
û뿪۲ۣۻһЩ쳣ãںϵĺܺá
һ죬۵۾ˣԼ壺ҵôĸоһˣǰıԴƺЩų⣬ȴظоЩǰƮƺһץץסЩһ
ǵͷǱϵĲ𣬹ϲΪ
ף֪˵Ĳ
ʵǻһ仰û˵޷ΪԺۿǳ֮еĳɾͶﲻ
תبΪ춨֮ǼƵļƻ֮Ҫͨ˴Ԫ磬˴ԪΪ֮е澭֮ǰȻҲˣȴǿаѰ˸Ԫ壬ûڻͨ
ﲻףھĵڶλᡣ
ǾͷԺˡ۵֪̱˴Ը
ܿתֳ
Ҳʱֻǵ汾ԴĲǵػˮⰵףҾ߸ԵĴԪ磬ټϰΪأΪֲΪ͸
˵ţֻ۵ǰͳһ嫵ɫ硣
һ޴Ĵ½滨ݷïֲأµҲǳֳɫпȴ˵Ϣִڡ
أ
ٴγһ磬ĻԷһУҲҪڻ
𣡡
ȻһȫǺˮ磬滹꣬ںˮ֮ˮ飬޴ޱȣеܺʹ˵֮еȡ
ˮ

ǰռ䡣
۱ǲţȻһεͨĴȥ̽˰֮С
תʱͨͨǼûյİ
˰˸Ϊ澭֮Դһ㡣
ѳɣڵʵֻͨɾ磬ǻصǳ磬ܻҪٴζɽ١ͰȡָΪһٿ鲻ྦྷҲȫʹá˵ţǲྦྷ͵ǰ
лԺ۸мûǣŹš
Щ㹤۵ģһ£ְ㣬һٿ鲻ྦྷſǿôһͱѧԺ칤ˡǵ˵ţĶˣոջжһͿȴǾǾǿڹġ

۽֮أԼİ칫֮ǻ
ʵոգѾյϵͳ
ġ
ֹ֧ϵҪ󣺰ѽֵϵ֮⣬κһλ۽ϵΪʧܡһ鱦ʮݿһϵͳһݣֹɽΪÿɱһλۣͬʱԻһɷһͬ￨ơ
ĺþû֧ˡ
֧񣬾Ȼϵͳĺˡ
ϵͳò˵ȴôס
ֹϵףֹɽˣϾļ̳ˣҪֹ֣ܰѼ̳ݻٵ
ʱĻǻûʲôõİ취
˿̵ɽѾĻ̻̣طѾ˾޴ĻңɽҲǽ⿴ġ
ɷɷˣҲ˷ֱıԵ
ɽѼ٣ôѾ޷⡣
ϢɽصλˣҪȥݻǼ̳һϢɽϣԼ磬˶ǿϣ
лᣬǻлᡣ
λ֣Ӧ㹻ˡ
ǰȱΪ塣

ֻ˵˵˻еǡ
һ֮һجĴλ֣޷ݻټ̳һλˣλҲȽ֮С
һʱ䣬ɽ򶼱֡
λλֶʧˣ˭ܴݻټ̳
ɽǬɫѿѾ·ĸȫռɽֻϣǱǿ߽ˡ


1395 
ӣǬϣҲɽϣ
֮⣬λѾǽˣ֮Уȴǵ׵Ĵڡ
ӽ٣ֻҪλ񼶱ģҲԴݻټ̳ˡ
ϹѾӣǻлᡣѪ۵֮еǿ߽֮ǰȴҪס֣ȻɽסˣµҲֻһƬ
ֻܾΪǴ۵ںӴϵɽ㹻ԶٶȾٿ죬һ֮ӦҲ򲻵ֻǿںӴ͵ϵɷȣҪˡ
⻰һƬĬ
ɽڼˣ˿Ҳ˵ʲôЩĻˣΪѾѱ
֮С
ڼᣬʮλۣΪ·ʼʽɽ
ϵǰͲ۴ı·ŰͲһĴλ֮࣬νʵ
ɱɱɱ
ͲھгᣬȻڵĽ壬ЩľȻŻ羳ΪЩۼףвɫͺɫۼ׵Ľ壬ɫĽ嶼мʮˡ
һҵĽսҲڼᣬ漶սʮҡ
ڸԶķǽļ̳
̳֮Уڴ߶̳һЩ羳ĽΪ̳ޣֻܰѻ羳ĽﾳŽֿʼ̳õļƷܰﾳĽ۾磬һЩ۾ۼ𡣡

սʼˣ֮ս
ںӴϵΪģϯɽ
ںӴϵһϵֽӴϵĵ۾ǿѾܵĲˣͲΪ׵ı·Ѹռ
ͲӴϵʣµλ۾ǿѾȫɱӴϵѾûκη֮һɫۼ׵Ľ۾
ܺãһ˽ϵҷԭȫɱ˺һһϵҪٶռɽ򡣡Ͳ
ǣڽص
ܿ죬Ͳ˾ٴγ
һµʱ䣬ɽѾǰҰŽ岻ϵ¾ɽ飬Ǽ̳õļƷԽԽǿ
ϵǻڰ顣
ۣȻҲŴۼʵҪĺʹۼĽǿ߽֣ȴǻ˼ϵ顣ҸܼϵܱߵĶнǿ߽һʱ֪ͨҡǵ
֪Ӧ
ڤۣ㸨ۣȶڤתֻأ˵ĸǿһĺӣڵڤȻôͣԺҲٳˡ


³£
Ժ
³Ϊ鷢Ϊ֣ϵ˲ӣȻõ㣬ǸҲжҷ
ɽ򣬽һʱڣϵ̫ƽΪ£õȶǵȷʵĵӣϾһѾﷱܿһӿǻ˵ġ
Ѿ˾ӣᾡŬ֤ȶ³˱֤
áǻǺ³˵

硣
ϵĵ۾ˣ֮ǰ۾ħǵ۾
λ۾ɽڣϵںӴϵҲ˰ʮϵ϶ҲǵĿꡣò˵ϵǶֶѣ֮ǰܱϵΧ۾µ۾ϣһ塣ǵ˵ţǺƽ顣
һȺ۾⻰أ۾ħǵ۾ǲޱȡ
ʲô壬ƴˡ
ЩϵǾʹǵʬ̤֮ȥɣ
ǲӣһս

ǿһȺ۾ߣ׷ױģȴǰ˰֣βǳֻ֣ҪػϵС
һȺ۾סĿǣɶ˼
ػϵ˭Ը壿
ֻǵͽˣЩĴҲֻܶԸ
һȺ˶ɵˡ
һҪӲ·ôǿڵĽ壬۶ء
ǿİͲۣʵܺһս
˵Уǲõġ˵ţ˳磬ֻһȺ۾棬ɬȫǱܵӡ
˵Ժʵ׵ĸ磿۾εԽԽ͸ѧԺԺˣоô˵أҺһ𣬾;Ҳһһôô


1396 ںԱΪ
λ۾Ļǰ׳һĿų۾
ǣ˭ȥ
ֻ˵ѧԺԺˣһbugһҡ
ˣӦԼϵǻɱĵ۾ڽˡħǵ۾˵ţλ۾̲ס˵ͷ
и߸ӵĶţѧԺϵߵġ
뿪ϵҪѻ塣
ϵʮϵʥĽ򣬹ʥ˿ľ
ٲ߾ˡߵ۾
ߣߣʥ侲ޱȵ˵ţɽ϶Ҫռ죬Ϊʥڵˡ֪ĸһѾˣǣҲ᳷
ֺαأ߿Ц
ұͻƵླãΪʥһɡʥ󵭵˵ţĸӰźþУ֮ǰѧԺ̥һ㣬ܴʥڼҲûˣͰѹвƸóǵѣ㹻ѧԺٽˡҲԺʥҪǡ
⻰ߵ۾𾪡
ǲǾѧԺε֮Ҳڽӣʥ󿴳ߵĵǣİɣĸ˵ѧԺռһԪɽҲֻ澺ɽӵеĴԪ硣
ߵ۾ǵһ˵飺˵ĻѧԺֻҪشԪ磬ǰȫúܡ
澺ɽҲڰ˽ԪѣȥҪŷѵġʥ󵭵˵ţЩĽʥҲһԪ磬ܾٹǨȥ
ȻҪǴԪ㹻С
֮
սѾƽʥĹطȵϢ
ɽǱô˵ʥѯʵ
ǵȣǱߵϢ˵ǻӵ齵١˵ţԼˣðɣģǽ嶼ѾſڣﻹʱӵԶˮⲻ˽ʡ
𰡣ʥЦˣҲҪҵģӭս׼
ӭսߵ˵ͷ֪ʵڸ
˿̵ʥ֮ڣѾ״
Ҫô
Ľ壬˭Ⱦǣ
һأɽأ

ķҴܣеΪܲѹʼ٣ʼ
ȫһĩٵĳ
ǰʥĽˡһ˵ţеĵڵѪոնɱһλڴϵ۾մϵġ
һĿǰ֪ˣǲǺ°ɣͲ˵ţѾͨǿɢȥϵسԶݡ
ʥ֮ڣ⻰ڷ
ˣˡ
ЩĽ塣ʥȴҲǺް취
ҽȥɱɱɱͲۺȳ˹ȥܿ쵽ʥһһȭȥ漸ʮ˲аλﾳߡԿЩʮ֮һһаĴɵǽļ̳
ȻںӴϵôԶǼ̳ȴȻЧ
ż̳׳󣬼ָ̳Զĵط̳ԽĵطҲᱻɵԽףԶʮ֮һ
𣡡
۾ţȳϵشݻ
ʥŭޱȣǾԶȴҲ֪﷢һУ򱻻ٵҽеﶼڵѪ
ʹ죬ɱĺʹ죡
ƽһ֮ɱʥĹ
·ٶĿǰǾԵĵһ
۾Цţ˷ޱȡ
ǲɱ¾һЩԭ񣬶ƽһֻϲࡣ
ɾʱ֮кȻһ׽޷׷٣н嶼ͣ
ںԱΪ𣡡
˵ţƺֻڳʵ
Ͳ۶סƺĶһ
已̤ںԱ֮أѧԺ֮Уɱ⣡
л羳ĽֻоһȭصĺؿڣȫһѪ˳
˭˭
ͲѾɫ䣬Ȼ˵֮˵ټûҵòǱһλǿĴڡ
Ľ۾Ҳɫ̿


1397 Ժһ֪
ȻҲʥĹʥ
˿̵ʥˣѧԺԺô
ʱһͨ
ʣԺԺˡӣҲʥ顣
ʲôѧԺԺʥȻԼӵĻҪ֪ĸӿɶǼԺѧԺԺġ
ǵģǧȷʥ鼤ޱȣоˣоˡ
ѧԺԺǽ·۾λƾһ֮ؽ·̫ˡʥȴǵ
ģһԵģѧԺԺѧԺԺʥȴǿ϶ޱȵ˵ţѧԺԺ˿ȵĳݡ
飬㻹С֪۵磬֮⣬鲻۾ǿġѧԺԺڴаҲڵʮ壬·Ϊ׵İͲۣʵɽǰĴһս̫ˡʥ룬ȴǻš
ôǸʾͿˣԺһ֪ʥԵЩֱжͨ
̫ˡʥЦԼĸѾ͵ϵҲˡ

ʥ֮ڣĹҲǵĻ˿ǾȻЩڴ
ںԱΪ
˵ôǿƵĻǲʵء
֮УͲλѸٵľۼǵʶΧѲš
ǷһˣȻѧԺԺǡ
˿̵ǾǲһֻһѽһֱֻĮĿǡ
ǡѧԺԺͲ۵ɽǿϣǶ֪
ǡǵ˵ͷ˵ĻҲˡнںӴϵǩЭ飬֤ԺٲַҿԸһ·
ЦЦһʲôʸ˵˭Ͳ۴ЦҲһǿǣǿŰ׳һ㡣
֪ǵ˵ţʵҲΪԼ˵壬ոǵȷǽ屣֤ԺַںӴϵΪսɱĥ޹飬Ҳǿܽܡ
ʱҪ˵ʲôУϾûֵϵԽжĳޡ
ɱ⽫·նɱĵһۡͲ˵ţȻЩһͷĺûᡣ
λ۵˵ͷǸΧ
ǿǣ綾һ㡣
Ȼúõĺ˵ûãǾֻдǣǲòƶĹ򡣡ţĳӶȻӿռ֮дǴˮдһ㣬ǿռ䷨򵽴һֺܸ磬ӵеֶΡ
ɱ
Ͳһλͬʱɱǡ
ǵʵֲܿÿһ˳ֶ׻ǳ˺ʱա
ǲη塣
óһᣬ͵سһ۴̹ȥȫǺƽһ̡
ǱϵĽۣȴǷ֮һнǧֲק
飡
˵ĹˣǶȻ֮䣬ȴֱǲ׵ľ룬ȴǱ˰ǵĹҪܳʱܻǡ
Ǽˣ
ǸĽȴѾɫ̿
ңǵĳԽԽ̲ס
ʲô㿪һۺе⡣
ô£ͲҲסȻ֪ΪʲôȴҲ֪ǵóѣһȭͺǵĺ󱳣һɿֲ˺ѿռ䣬綾һ㳯ǹֹǡ
ֻǻͷһЦһ־ͰĹ˸ո˵Ǹۡȫûз͸оؿһۣһѪ˳Ѿɡ
ͲסãǿռŤͨռ䷨򡣡
Ϊʱ
ʱһǸĴؿڣȫɱ
ͬʱֻǵ׼
ʱռһУһ־ٹλ۵͸ɵˡ
ڤ־
ڵڤ籾һԪΣЩķչѾԿԽٴϵܼƷ־
ֻֻܵȡ׼ʲôģڵΧˣȻԶԶ
£Ͳۿһնɱһۣ̲סǺаţһеаţҾ
Ϊո̫ˡ
ԶڹעʥûзӦô£ղǸΪʲô㣬ô򵥣һλ۾ˣ


1398 ʵô
ʥ±ƣʥĵ۾ͬ±ˡ
ɶʱۼǿߣôױɱˣǶԷ̫ˮˣѧԺԺ̫ǿˡ
˿̵ĳϣɱһ֮ȴǲûֲֹ֣ͣҪý度£η塣
Ŀǰ⻹ԶԶ
ɷ˵ģ˵Ǹ۹ȥٶȿƲ죬ȴȫתĹ
һ̳ȥ֣ȴԽ˽۵ؿڡ
ãͲ۶ûзӦҲ̫ˡ
ôܣۿ˿Լؿڣͬš
ȻͣӵеֶʵͳĳЩ۵֪
γٴ׼
ڤ۵־һν٣ͬ۵ʬ壬ڤ֮Уλ۵һлΪڤĿռѸٵֻ̫ϵСڤ磬Ȼһ̫ϵС
쵰㵽ʲôͲ۴һȭ˹ȥ
˵ǷΪֹ⻹ءǿŰͲ۹ǿ˺ѿռ䣬ҪƬȴЦһֱһͶ˰Ͳ۵ĹȥԱһƽ˰Ͳ۵Ĺһ˾𾪶⡣
λ۴˿ҲǳǹǱ֮ǰС̫ˡ
ȴȫǣеĳնɱȥ֮гһһĽߣ˹ɱȥ
λֻо޾ĹסǣڿǣǾȻֻܷ޷ǡ
飡
λƽǵĽУ¡
ɾʱֻоؿһʹʲôǵڱ˳
ۣ
λ۶һѪ˳ǿ˿Լؿڣոһз˳
ǽֵʱ򣬶֪Щġ
ԭոЩһĽǻӣɱȴ
壬֮еϸһƬ綼һնһ޴ѷ졣
̫аˣ̫аˡ
λۿǣ˿Ѿη壬Ҫ֪Ǿλ񼶱Ĳ࣬ҲûǱ
⣬ѧԺԺ⡣Ͳ۴˿ڿˣҲǶΪˣɽǿĴ۸ɽϹ񷣬λתѧԺԺһ͵ĳǿߡ
λ⻰Ҳ̲סĬĬͷ
Զģʥ˿𾪣ѧԺԺһѾնɱλۣҿǰͲ۵ӣǶѧԺԺη壬ˣ⡭ѧԺԺʵôֻɽĴ۰ʮ壬ⶼܿȲ˰ɡ
ߵ۾Ҳһ̫Ĳǣǡ˵ĲǶѧԺԺʵһ֪ǲǾ֮ܡҸоѧԺԺûзӳʵȻոλҲ϶һغˡ
ʥͷҲоˡ˵ѧԺԺʲôˣɱ۸вһô

֮С
еĳڵѪһη˹
ԵĸоǵѾˡ
ոգǵ񻹺ƽһ㣬ȴǴһ˿ɱ⣬ֻһ˿ɱ⾹նŤ
ԿϺӧ⹳˪ѩﵭţһȻԽֱնգһѾ˵Ľ۸ն룬ʬоţѪҺΪʧȥǣԶȥλ۵۾ĴȫĿԭǵһ֮С
Ͳ۳׷ȥǣʱȴֳһλɱȥ
հǡָĳɳȥĽӰֵڶλֻۣһҽдһλ䡣
쵰ס֣ͲۼֱˣѾȥĵĸˡ
ʮɱһˣǧﲻСǻڼǳͲ֮ĵһλۣλֻоΧĿռȻŤ徹ȻŤĿռ䣬ָʮ飬Ϊһ⣬궼ûѵ
ʵô⡭Ͳڷֹ֮ɱ˶
ˡǵĮ˵ţֱָͲۣ淢˵Ĺâ
˿̵İͲۣл֣̿ȴҲ֪ԼǵĶ֣Ťͷܡ
廯Ϊһ⣬ٶޱȡ
ҲڰͲӶݵʱǳ׷ϣԽռ׷ȥ
һ·׷ӣͲɽ壬νһ·ѪѾ᧿Σ


1399 
ǻǲ׷ݷɽŰͲɱ
һǧǧһڹȥˡ
ִ˰Ͳ۳ʮΣѰͲϵķնмۼҲҷɡ
ʱ򣬷ɽѾʼ½
ǳ˼һ£ֱһֻȻռ䣬Ȼʧ
ô£
ͲֺܲԤУǸǲʲôǲ࿪ɾǰѶȻֵĳļ򣬰СӶпˡ
ֻû˼Ͳ۵꣬ұס
Ͳʱ£о£ʩչĳطֻճһ˿һˢһӾͲˣֱ뿪ǵĹΧ
΢΢üӣŶûС
һУѰͲնС˹пʼʲô
Ķһصռ䣬ʧ
ںӴϵļ̳֮УʧİͲ
Ͳô£ߵһʱ䴫Ҹոոоٻ̳߶̳㴫˻ڿʱոպãȻ֮˵˭ģɽôǿĴôȻܰ˵̶ֳȡ
ѧԺԺѧԺԺ̫ǿˣҡͲ۾ֵ˵ʲôͬʱ壬Լָ
ɾʱ֮зɳһ뵽壬꣬磬ϸȫۿŸոջ˵İͲۣ˲仯Ϊ˷ɻҡ
䣡ǽʧл֣̿Ҫ֪ڽ̳֮УǾͨ䷨һЩλ飬ȻͲ̫ˡ
л֣̿ȴҲ֪˾޴仯鿴һ£·λ۾Ȼڸողʮ֮ڣѾȫ
ֱ̫ˣѵλѧԺԺɱġ
ɷ˵ģѶۡ
·Ϊ׵˹ۡ
һյߵĴѶ⴫Ѷݣɫ䣺ôܣ·λȫͲڼ̳֮б
ǰļλۣҲ½յϢͬǲš
ˣѧԺԺðģ֮ǰݻټ̳ʱѧԺԺûгôһλֵѵҽĴƣҪʲôѧԺԺƻ
ʱȻںӴϵѧԺԺһӻɱλۣԲһ㣬ǱƣǾˡ˹۳ȴѡ׵İ취
Ķ··ĽۣյϢ󣬼ͬ
ڼ֮ǰǱҪѧԺԺء
˿̵ǣȴ֪Щ
ָ㣬ְͲ۵ӡѾȫʧ⡣
ǽˣڵĽ͵Ķǻ羳ΪʵǱȽ۵вҪ󡣡гΪʲô۱ϾǶʮˣֻҪɱܿɱ꣬Щսʿһһ붼ͣЪҲҪɱϺܾá
ЩսʿǾۼܼʱնɱȻܴ
ɷ˵ģʶȫὣɱɡ
һ˺Ȼһ׷ɱȥ
ǿĽ壬һεĽ֮У̼䶼һغ
Ľ۾߻̿ޱȣλ۶ˣǵĶ֡
ڷӴܣǵһɱʢ磬ȴû뵽
һĽڤ־ȴƵƵ٣ЩƷ
ڤĿռٴһ֮ȻﵽʮϵĴСҿռøӵĸӡ
һ֮ڣɱһǧĽ塣
ѪȾǺӣǵ֣ɪɪ
ӣǸħˡ
صںӴϵͺˣʱǾͰȫˡ
ôôֲˣԭɶʱֲĴڡ

ı·Ѿɾ
ЩҲǿˣǸһɱ¾ңô죬ߵȣͦ
ֻǿ£Զ˸ǽˡ
ʥ۾˿Ҳظ׷ɱ塣
ڵǣȫǼ֡
ɽη֮绢Ľ壬ΪЩ壬ɽ򣬿ȴһ·׷Žɱ
ʹ죬̫ʹˡʥЦоһڶɱΪʥȥ񱨳𡣡
ǣ۾ߴ۴ЦҲǸоʹ켫ˡ
ǱߣȻҲյϢôԶľ룬Ϊռ䱻Ҫҵʱ䣬ֻڵ磬·ǧĽսʿɱ
ͬʱϢҲڴɽ


1400 Χɱ
ɽ鶼ɵˡ
ɽ򶼳ʱǵΪڴһ˿⡣
ɽ֮УǬ͵վ˵ʲôѧԺԺˣһ˾ɱ˽·λۣһ·׷ɱ·ʱնɱǧսʿô
ʱԱߵѪվ˳ģ·ѾʼӻںӴϵ·ܵӰ죬Ҳȫֹͣ֡ѧԺԺƾһ֮ѾŤתɽľơ
⻰Ǵ۵˶һ𺳡
ǬĬˣ󻺻ܺãѧԺԺΪȡʱ䣬ֻҪ֮е齵پͿˡ
˼Զ
ΪֵĽ壬ջҪ֮еֲС
ط˿Ҳһ
ѾߵĸһɵˣǱ˸񣬶ˣ˭뵽ڽ嶼ûд򵽸ʥͱסˣⲻǴǵô
˵ǻҪҪȥء
۴˿Ҳԥţϴδݻٽ̳ʧܣұסһȴҲԼΣ֮С
ѧԺԺȻ˿ֲ
۴˿ţѾΪ֮ǰǺֵʱȫ顣
ȻƾնɱͲ۵ʵɱҲ׾ٵ顣

磬Ҳš
ɽȻôǿĴڣ̫ˡ
ѧԺ֪һʲôĵطôǿԺѧԺҲӦúɡ
ǰΪѧԺѧ

Ǽϣĸ
ѧԺ䣬ѧԺԺɽĵһۡ
ʲô˵ʲôɽΣյʱ򣬾ǵѧԺԺ
˵ôܳΪѧԺѧǿҪѧԺ

Ҳһ
̫ˣ·Ժˡ
ⲻ˵ǰȫˣˡ
ʲôǼ˵ô֪˶Ľء
ںԱΪ˵̫ˣҲҪɣҲҪΪˡ

ںӴϵʮϵĵط
Ѿܵ˽̳ȫס
Ĵ۶ˡǵ˵ţʥԶ㣬ܲˡ
ˣʥһѿھǵԺλۣǻʮλأûҪǼƴɱˡֻҪۣѽںӴϵȻĵȴӵĲ齵پˡ
˵Ĳϧ岻ԸġЦЦѾչ¶ôǿʵ϶ɽĴ֮ǰְ
ң⸽ٸϵҲûκһۣõʱ
ǡʥȰ˵ǣΪһʮλͲǸεĴۣ⼸ǲɵ顣
ģҼȻվǸʵ΢΢һЦʥ󲻾һϸоһǿš
Ǻðɣʥ˵ͷѸ뿪ڹ

ʮӰգϵֳ
˹ۣ
˼Ůۣ
³ɪۣ

֮ȫǡ
ѧԺԺϵϢûͻƵླ磬治֪λɱͲġ³ɪߵ
ҲֻǽҰˡһλ˵
ģܻɱͲˣ϶Ǹʵ˹ȴǳ侲
һȺ۵˵ͷ۾磬ȻҲɵ
Ԯɱ˼տڣҲ֪ʵĻᡣ
֣³ɪһУȳǣʮλ۾Ҳ
ʮΧɱһˣʼˡ
ԶıȭͷЩԺһҪӮһ
ߵ۾ǳĬ֪Ӯһսʱﵽһ塣
ʱǲɽĵһۣҲɽʷǿۡ
ǿ˷Ĺɫȴƽ޳
һὣնȥ
ǽ鲼֮ߣȻܻÿһĹ
һܲ͸ǽһ㣬ʮλΧĽۣ޴֡
̫аˣκεķ򹥻Ȼܻ³ɪߵͬһ㣬ѵʲô򣬻˵ô
Ķܷһˡ˼Цţȴǳһնȥǰľ룬ȻȻʮףռ䱻Ťˡ
ףҲַ򡣡΢΢һЩȵĿſ˼ա


1401 
˼⻰һֲõԤС
ʲôҲַֻ˵ǿ϶Ҳַ򣬶ʲô˼Ҳ˵ǶֶΣȫ֪
Ȼ
ֻǾ֮ȴ¶һ˿һſ˼նȥ
Ǳֻʮ׵ľ룬ȴǲϵ۵Ťһ泯ſ˼չȥȴĳ˿˼յ
⻹ͬһַ򣬵ʩչҪȿ˼ոʮֹ
ã
˹۴һȴһȭ˹ȥֻռ顣
˼ʱŷӦռʱ˳ȥ˿Ѿһ亹
ԿռŤ⣬ôܱһҪ̣˼ţȭͷţһԼó˴ܡ
̫ǳ԰ˡǵĮ˵ţոҪٸʮ֮һʱ䣬նɱ˿˼ա
ҲˣʮλȻΧɱȴ˿ûʧȥķ
һλ۾ĵ۾Ҫôͬʱ֣Ҫôλ۾޷óѡ
ðˣ
ЩȴҲûκΰ취ʵ򵥵ƴˣնɱλ۾Ӷ߽ԷĹơֻҲΣ֮СĿǰĻǻԼˣ˭ѧԺ֧ܵˣҲʹһЩ˼ҡ
ѡ׵İ취ǾͿ˭ҵԷӵ漶ԣͨƽǵĹƣӦñҵķҪװٱ
˵ţٴԷΪ
һССһǧйȥǻȫࡣ
ʥ˴˿ѾȫɵۣǿʲôһʮȻɵĲҪҪģǽʮλƵƵ뵽Ӫ֮Умλ۲֮֡
쵰ôôǿ˹ŭţΪԼѾǲ֮µǿˣܺһλһսǣıˡָоǵ޷ǵŹС
ɱɱɱ³ɪŭѾҪˡ
ףǷô˼ţȴǿ˻ᣬһ³ɪʱǿ³ɪȻмƣӿĳǹɱɾʱȴһնȥⲻһУؼһֻ֡
ǣϵ֣֮
ֻһץȡ֮£ռ˲侧廯³ɪĹҲǷ׷׷顣
ã
ʮλҲǿˣӪȿ³ɪ
Ϊʱγֺܿ죬Ӫȣ³ɪǻΪ˾ƬĲˡ
ǾƬɽʣµʮλ۶һĵ
ʮΧɱһȴǷɱһǶôķ̡
ܺã׶ˡţеĳһᣬȴһ˳ʣʮλۺȻĹȥ
Ȼѡ
̫ˣҳ׷ˡʥǵľٶѾ˿֮ɫ
ѧԺԺ治ǲླ飿ߵ۾ѾЩˡ
˿̵ǼԼռУʵһսֱһλʥʵʱɼĻ档
ɽ˿ǵֶΣѾȫ۷ˡ
һʮΪѧԺԺҰأû뵽ɱһ
˧̫˧ˡ
666ҪѧԺԺˢһٸ666
ɽĴأҾʻ˭˭

ѧԺ֮УһȺѧҲð⣬زС
ǵԺʲôĵˣԶٵˣܴ漣
ɽ֮ڣǬҲɵˣ⡭治ǲôôоǸҲûô
Ǵ۵˿Ц֪ʵó֮ĵط
Уսڼ
˹ۿǳǸоƵζȴǶȻȥһ
ǾȻһصֲֲϯ˲ͰǸסˡ
༶ħ٣
Ѿϳˣ¶֮ɫ
ħ֮һֿԲϽֲֲһַԲƵˣƵжҲԱħޱѣҪļƷιУڲסǵħ٣ѾΪ˺ɫӲ̶ȳK5Ͻסһ㲻鼶ħ٣
Ȼ
Ǹһ£ɫ΢䡣
ʱĹŹɱЩ۾ɲŹûᡣ
עһսˣѾ̲סס˺ҪǱˣǲҲҪˡ


1402 ÿʼҵı
ξͻȻ䣬ʼϲ
Ǵ˿ȻЩ𾪣ȴǲûб־ܣֻһĳͷ˳ȥΪ˷ɽ
ˣôܲ
ɽʶٿأӰ죬ø
ֻĽӰ˸ռ䣬һѽסʮλ۵йȫǷֺ
Ǽϣ˿һˡ
ֱ㰡
ԭôãⲻǾʦֶô
쵰쵰Ҫɱ㡣˹ץˣĲݣħٿʼһĴǾȻ̽ǵ֮УǵԼ֣ɡ
һĴۣ˿̶ҪԹ־ˡ
ȴЦЩħپ̽壬һϸܰħٵĴǸסҪ֪ڣһϸĿռ䶼һĳдСˡÿռ룬ƶ
վǰ취뱻
ܿ죬Ǿ뵽˰취
ħپҲľֲǿľġ
߶¯ĻѪҺһɢ޿ݵĻ棬һֿһеĻ˲ͰħٵĴǸסˡ
ʱħٸо˾޴ΣգһӾ˦ǣԶӶݡ
Ҳһ̣ȴǶȻ֣һгٴλصУȻһͳħٿȥ
ħֲΪܵΣգȴǷһּޱȵǴ̶

˹ҲͬģܱǸն
ȻȫΣգǣħǰֹǵĹ
ȻҾͳȫ㣡
Ц˹ǲһҲ׷ɱħˣһն˹ۡ
һ̣˹۲ŷӦԼ̫çײˣȫԼһּΣյľء
Ϊʱ
סҵס
˹۾ֱֱۣϴһͭɫĻۣ⻤ۿǻֵһֶױԴ
ǵĳն棬۷ҫ۵Ľ⣬ޱ財
ǵĳȻֹסˡ
ǿķԺȨڱɵĳȶױԴǾȻƲ⻤۵ķţĳȴһתȻΧ˹۵ֱһ㣬ֱӵ˹۵ļ򴦣Ȼ˹۾ֵĿ֮У͵һиֱ۶Ǹ
˹۲ҽæӶݳȥ
ǰֱն֮ͬʱһɿֲ壬˲ͰҪٸٵˡãڹؼʱ߶ɽ˽硣
ʱ˹۵ȫʵǷˡ
ƽǿһۣȻǵ
ϵǼϣ˶Ƿ˾Ļսֵ˵ǳת
ֲʵס塣
һȺ۳ĬˣǾȻٶǷ
ǿɲЩץ˹۱նϵֱֱۣ۱סȫѲˡȻĻ˹ȫջֱۣ½
Ҫʲô
һȺۿǣɫѿޱȡ
Ĩɱ
ǵ˵ţʶױԴĻ֮У̼Ͱ˹۵ʶˡ
˹ҲоˣһѪ˳
ЦЦ˵о𻤱ۣоȻӹã˹֮ܳΪЩǿģӳܲɷֵġ
˹۵ֱۣϾǽӽλ񼶱һֱۣ̺Ӵ
ؼǣ˹һַۼ
ҲǱһһȷ
ǳ˼һ£ֱҲоĶֱӰֱ۸뵽Լ¯֮УֽеķϢ
ÿʼҵıˡ
۾һ䣬˹۷ˣ³ɪˣʣµʮλѾȫв
ǲ˼ģǾὣɱȥ
ʮλ۴˿̶ǻˣѾ֪ӦԣһɱȻնɱһۡ
ߣߣǸĶ֡˹۷ź
ںӣн̳Ǳ̳˼ҲǵȾǳںӴϵȥ
ĴۿҲǷ׷Ӵܡ
ϵԷӣ֣ͳЩ׷ɱȥ
һĻɽٴκ䶯
ͬʱҲյϵͳʾ񵽴֮
һ·׷ɱɱλۣĽѾʮֹ֮࣬ĴۣҲͶʮλ
սƺˡ


1403 ֲ̳
֧˵ģÿɱһλۣǿԻһɷһͬ￨ƣʮɷͬʥɾʦ
ֱǴ׬̡
֧ûɣЩʱ޷ȡ
һ·׷ɱںӴϵıԵ
ԽԽܸоǹɿֲǾǽļ̳аĴڡ
ֻҪ̳ڣ˵ʮλۣдȫˣҲû¡
̳ۼǿߣֻڼ̳ܻѡ
ǳ˼һ£ȻҲݻ̳
ôеϷĸоǾú˼˼һ£ȻȻĳںӴϵ
ϵ룬ܸо̳ѹԽԽǿ
ںӴϵ֮һĺΧ
ͣס˽Ųоˣ֮Ѿ˼̳ʽ֮С
ѧԺԺʵҸе𾪡һϵǽߣұΪսֻһ浹ľ棬û뵽ȴתһС
λ顣ǵԺвϽжߵݣߵʱܿһ嫵һɫ
ǽ飬һλλ飬ҲǴ˴νֵ˧ߵҵֽɭʸ֪ҵ֡
ŶǻҵˡЦЦ
ʸ񣬵ʵĻѾλһսˣû̳ҶδĶ֡ɭң̤˼̳Χ֮Уʧˣ͹˼̳
͹ˣȴǲÿɷһ㶼ûе͹㣬̳ɽѪܷ꣬ӳʵܶﵽλļ
ô֪ˡʲô˵ôɭǽƵġ
Ҫ˵ʲôǳ˼һ£ʶ˲ٷЩӦڲɼ棬ͬǼϡ
ǣɭͷ
Ǻáˣ˵ǣɽĵطжԶҹԶ˵ĳֱָɭĿǿңԶ֮֮еĽ̳
ɽǼ磬˶ǸоѪڡ
Ҫľָо
ǽҪɽ˵طϽжԶԶɣ
ѧԺԺǿƵľˣѾ˽̳ΧǿɶǼʶǼ̳ܷӳҪǿһλ飬⻹֮ǰֻǿѧԺԺ̫ԴˣΪɱ˼λĴۣܴݻټ̳ˡǬڹ֮УĮ˵š
Ѫ۵˳˼һ£Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ɱǵĮ˵ţѾ˹ϻŽ̳ǳɱ˹ȥ
ʵٲ˼̳ˡɭЦ߶̳۳һ޴ͷ­ͳҧȥ
ͬʱǸо屻סǼ̳֡
ģ֮תͽ˼̳ķȻһȴǶаͷ­תնɭ
ɭڳԾû뵽ǾȻӼ̳ĿռڿһɱӰȴǺȻɢ̳Ų˳ȥ
ǵһ˿գЩ
ڿռ䱻£ɭŲƼֱһң˸޷
϶ҲǼ̳ģڼ̳֮һ
Щ֮ҲӦ֮ߣ齨һһģƵ̺־ͷ
֮У־׼
ɭһѾо̳ڱеʮ𾪡
ֻ˵һǾǵڷǲڼ̳ģһַѹơ
λôŲƣߣ
Цٴɱɭ
ɭü̳ʹԼŲƳȥȴǷѾȫˣǣס
ɱֻҧǶս߶֮£ȻȫǸѹסˡ
һɭǱޱȡ
ǲ뱻ӣҴ߶ôҲᱻѹŴ򡣡ɭŭޱȣˣұͲóսսȥҲûκ塣
ţǰʮλոӻںӴϵĵ۾
֣֪ɭҪʲô
ʱֻɭоȻһֻɬԣңԶϵļ̳֮УӿʮֲЩʮλ۵֮УȻǵ֮۳һ
ˣڿô
оʮλ۵Ѿλļ


1404 ʵ
ȻǰǵΪλ鼶ֻʱӵλ񼶱ʵһʱעֻҪڼ̳Χ֮ڣ̳ѡκһעֻΪĳޣһλ鼶𣬱Ҫ۾ֹܽע
ڻֻǹעż̳ܼӣ۵ͲӰˣܰһЩ۸λ񼶱
ǵһʱ͸оһΣЩ۵ʵȻʮ
ȻǼ̳Ŀֲ֮
彨̳ҲɽΪƷ
ܺãҸоһǿۿ޷ظԼ壬ȭͷǽ棬˹ۣ³ɪʵĴۡ
ǰǼ̳֮ڼ̳Χ֮ڣǲԽܼ̳עҲԴԴϡϧЩʵǼ̳ģ뿪˼̳ΧǻԭĴۣӵڵ˼յ˵š
û£ֻҪ̳ܳǿԺȫΪǳΪλ顣ɭ˵ţʾǿţҪļƷǽҪ顣
ʮλ۶ǵ˵ͷҪ˵ĶǼٵġ
Ҫ˵ѾǴˣǲΪ༶飬վϡ
飬ǲ׷ġ
ԼǼ棬˿Ѿը˹
ˣˣ̫ƽˣǺܿ˷˵˼ֶΣҲһʵ
ѧԺԺסһҪס֪ʧ֮ĺǾʹɽһҲûˡ
סôסѧԺԺ䶨ˣǶˣ˻˵ŷȫһ̬
ɽ
ѧԺԺʵҼǿģˡǬһʮλ۽ܼ̳עѾӵλ񼶱ǻϤֶΣҲԺһˡ
û£ѧԺԺסڽҲֻʣʮλۣǿ˹ҲϵˣȫԵסǵ֡Ѫ۵˵š
ã϶бֶΣʮλ۾Բǽȫʵǵʽ²õѶϢôͨһߣɲǵ۹һһЩñ̡ɽǴЩǵ
ΣˡǬɫЩѿ
쿴սҪʼˣѧԺԺû˳ںӴϵҪսѪָָǰĻ棬Щ𾪣һ˶սʮλλ񾳽Ĳô̫ˡ
ǰ̫ˡǴҲ̲ס𾪡

еĳ⣬ȴ¶˳֮ɫҲǵõһ㲻Լ;ԼǾ޵ˣǻбֶΡǴˣҸƬط˵Ļҵּ͡һ֪ʲôǲпᣬʲôʵ
ʮλۣɭס
ǾȻǵĻסˡ
ߣ㵱ǱŴģ˵ôţƣҿô޷Цһϣһ˵ʲôֶΣʮ˼һ൱ʮλλĲ࣬ѵĶ֡
ڿǿλ顣һ۵˵ͷ
˹Ҳǵ˵ͷҲʤȯա
ɾʱ򣬲ȳ֣ȴȶˡ
ֻǵӰȻ˿޷أǼٶȣѾʶȴܿһһ·ϵ·
ܹ죡
λ飬ѾҵĶ֣޷
̫ΪˣʵǺܲпġǵֻһն˳ȥһնȥ˲䣬涼Ǿеķеɫʣеʧˣһ켣ȥδ
ʱ䣬ͣһ㡣
֮У汾Դ궯һȻ汾Դ
ǲǲ࣬ûû汾Դ޿κΣķ֮УֻвŻᱻǣ֮С
ǣǲ࣬˿ȴȫӳ˲༶Ĺ
ֹɲϹģҴ߶ǳ׵Ĳ࣬ȫȫһλ༶ȫ֡
ͣ
ƮѪȴǹѿûС
ΪһѾ˿ռڣռ䶼ǲڵģȻҲͲᱻƿ
޷ص۾ɵϴԼ壬ͷ­𽥷룬֮Уеϸ磬ڼٵı


1405 һһС
ӵλ񼶱ôѾ֮޵ô
Ϊʲô߶еķֶΣȻǵһֵסΪʲô
ģ޷⡣
Σһ˼άɢȥѾˣǸˡ
һ紵һ㣬޷ص廯Ϊޣֳ׵ޣһӶû¡
ع鵽״̬ͨͨûκεĲͬ
ǰ˾ˣֱð亹
Ǳŵˣסˡ
Ϊʮλλ񼶱Χɱǣֻһо޿Ĺƣɱ֮ǿġ
ǵʵոţȻǵˡ
Ǹܵһɾһη壬Ǵĵĺ¡
磬Ǽ档
þõģû˷ԣ˶ǳĬˡ
ڱκ֮УȴǳϷԵĻ档
ƺˣǲӣҲηȫŶԿʮλλ༶ս޿֣ȫ¡
һȺϣẦô
ָо
һӿ֣
ʮλͱˣΪǵα࣬ԺȻɱ֣ǰʲô
˷ˣĵ׷ˣǿߣ˭Ҫ
ʥҲڹעһĻ˿̾ȻЦܺãĺܺãĸȥѧԺֻѧԺãڿȴǵѡ񡣶ˣӻĶӣѧԺʦ˵ʸΪѧԺʽѧôúŬܳΪѧԺʽѧλþġ
߿Цã뵽ǸղǿֲʵҲòĬĬͷ
һλǿߣһϵǾ׬ˡ
֮ǰѧԺõİ壬˿̸Ǿð̵ĸоѾΪʷǵļ
ΪʲôǣΪȷѡڹؼʱѡѧԺΪѧԺѡ
ںӴϵ
Ŀ£ɭڣ˾ȻҪ·ӵĳ嶯
˿ܿɭ֪ոǷӳ߶
λ飬һλĲࡣ
ǰˣѾ޷⣬˵֮⣬۾ܷӳ޾ǴôǰѾʮٱĳ˴ۡ
ôģʲôǾȻȫ޴ӵ֪
찡ǵһʲôĴڣѵλתô
ǣ汾Դ׶ӡ
ˣ
һֻ˵Ǽˣ޷⣬޷ȣֻɪɪв
ϷŸոտʼءǵֱһһ̵
ӣɭ֪ô仰ģһܳĻǴǵ۹ҪϣڣȻǶ
ȻǱߵֶˡ
ͬһûɫʣûֻһƬĺڰһĴۻûüƶ
ˣͬΪޡ
ˣ޷һһɱֵĻᶼûС
Ϊʲô⣬ɻ
ǽ岻ǲǿôǰˣǽʷϣֹƵġ
ˣԺ᲻ǽһجΡ
ڶˣǵ
ٴζ֣ȫһһСѣԷ˿ûл֮
еķЧģõģͽ͵ġ
ֻһ֮£ʵĲ࣬޷ֲġ
ϾǾӵλ񼶱һܷӳλʵĶ֣Ҳһɱ
ֲ࣬صĲࡣ

ǲ֣ͣ硢ǼѾ׷ڡ
ɱɱ̫ˡ
ѾɱλˣֻҪʮһﶼɱˣɭλ飬ݻٽ̳϶ڻ¡
𡭡֣ͣɭ۳һӰȴͱ̳ͻȥˡ
֣ͣҡҡͷʱô֣ͣѾͣˡ
ҪɱЩۣһŹ
Щ۶һʥɼ￨ƣһϵͳɷ
֪ǿҼǿĴۣķ룬㲻Ҫˣ㲻һˣ㻹ѧԺ㻹е
вңɫ䣬Է˼
ԣҾв㣬ȻܲܣΪ˽壬Ҳô㵽ںӴϵʱ򣬻ĹФѾֱϵͬȥĻһλŽ׵ĵ۾ٸҶɱһˣϵѧԺڡɭֶΣǴɱ֮Ȼ¾ϵΪȥλ۸ȴв
ˣܶˡ
ֻҪֹסǣʲô¶ˣһΪ˽塣
ԣһΪ˽壬ⶼֵõġ


1406 ҽв
֪㲻ţԹͨһϵĵ۾ǿ϶Ѿˡɭ˵ţ֪ͣԼвЧˡ
ѧԺϵǵߡ
ֻҪסˣǽͻлᡣ
ԣлᡣ
ǽıѾõһ֣ǲôԲᡣ
ڵĻһҪȴӣħ嶼ҪˣȻĻܶҪ
ͨϵۣѯ
ȷʵٶˣɭ˵һλۺһλŽ׵ĵ۾ܹϵ֮֡
Ҳѽ٣ѧԺΪڴԪ֮п԰Ȼǵȴ⡣
ֺǳе
ʲô壬壬ʲôϵҪ֤ľǵİȫ
ڵĵѾǧˣ廹ҪȥҪػĶ
ⶼҪѧԺڵ塣
Ժ˵ĲϵΧȷʵǿϢӦþǽˡǻûнϵֻǻأӦڵȴλ岻˵ڵ
Ҳȥۡڤۻʦһֵܵסôѯʵǲᡣ
ֵס̫ˣеλۣû֮ǰӦȴȫǶ֡ε
ڵľѾԶ
ϵ֮⣬Ȼһۼʵ˶ûС
ֵסֵסߣߡ
һǿôֻͶ
Σʣô
֪ˡǵ˵ͷò֣ͣȻЩĵ۾ϵǾһѣʱε֧ҲҪʧܡ
еĳе
ҪΪ˻ɽ飬Ѿܲˡ
ҽвǵ˵ţЩ䣬˲
ܺáɭһ֪ʱסǣǶʱΣա
ĵ۾ȻЩңЩȸԾ
ͣˣƺûбĵˣǴĵױǸסˡ
硢Ǽϣ˶ˡ
еѾŭô֣ͣʱôͣ֡
ϵôǵôŶˣɽϰϵࡣ
Ƿŭʼǳ
ǲɱ˽Щۣݻٽļ̳ǲǵ
ǾãһжǵĹ˶ΪǺˡ
궯ÿ鶼еӸ
˵˾˽Ϊġ
ɽ򣬹ǬҲǽҧݣɫôܽܽвôõĻᣬôõĻᰡУϵɱɱЩĴۣݻټ̳
Ҫˣ޲ôǳ֡
ȻģӦõģԴġ
ϵ˻ٵῼǣʲôϵ
ɽĹɽˣ˶Ӧð˼ȥ
ϧϵǣϵҲ

ý뿪ϵʮϵ˵
ȷ㲻ٳ֣Ȼһ۾᳷롣ɭЦȻץǵߣҲ˵
ɵ֪ʱǿӲ
ȻֻҪһᣬǾҪ군
ô죿ѯʵаޣȴǲòϣѾɭԵģǱ
ΪѧԺΪ˵ֻˡ
ԺѧԺһλǿߣһҪʲôɱĸɸɾ
ȻˣǾ̸̸ɭڵ
̸Ǿ̸С
ȻһֱȥʵĲ
ļ̳ʱ޿̶ҪƷʵҲ޷á
˵˵ǳ˼һ£ڵ
һ뿪ںӴϵԺ󶼲ٶκһ֡㲻ֹǽκжΪرҲϵֻӦˣǿǩЭ飬ǰϵĵ۾ɭ˵
ǳĬˣƺڳ˼
Ǽ磬˶ڽš
ҪӦһܴӦ
ҪǴӦˣֻ˵ȫˡ
ֻǲܵκεӰ죬ԼĿǣȴҪһ¡һҿ뿪ںӴϵٶκһΪĽ֡ҲֹǵκжںԱԺ嶼̤һ
⻰һǾˡ
ʲôѧԺԺǷô


1407 ͷЭ
ԣǷˡ
˼ԲˣںԱѧԺţںԶϾûˡ
ⲻǷʲô̡ܲ
硢ǼϣѾ
Ǻǣǵĳˡ
Ǵݻ˽̳ǾͳװȫˣǺܲġ
ҲЩ˺ܼñʥΪǵʥںԱѧԺıΧ֮ڡ
оˣԺҲǵĽˡ
ɽǬɫܿ£ôʲôѧԺԺȻΪһϵͷɽ飬Ǳѣɽ򡣡
ѪۿŹǬɫþ
Ǵȴڳ˼ţãѧԺԺֻ˵κһΪĽ֣ǽϵģǾͲΧˡۺĵһҲ˵ϵĵ۾뿪ںӴϵǿԳֵġ
ǬѾȫȥѧԺԺʵݻټ̳ģûǱѣɽˡǣһѧԺɽġɽǲˣʲôʸǩЭ顣
Ѿ׷ˣɱ˫ۡ
ɽˣϵģȨ
ǩЭΪʲôѧԺԺƾʲô
ɽްǶĲмѾǳ˳ޡ
ǴһѾˡ
ǬķŭΪЭݣΪǵǿõλ
һж˽ѡ
ɽѧĴۣЩҲΪ
ںӴϵȴǻڽš
ɭɫܲãⲻҪĽ޸ĺǺܲ
Ϊ뿪ںӴϵĵ۾ǿԳֵġ
ǽĴ۾ǳȥҲ޷ߵ֣ȻɱǵĴ۱ɡ
۾֮£ЩﾳĽ֣ɽȫʵֵġ
ܱǶǽơ
ǽ岻ͬ⡣ɭɫøơ
ͬ⡭ţɫЩ£ҵĵߣΪƾһٺŵĽŽ׵۾ܻϵ
ʲô˼ɭס
Ҫ̫ΪˣҽвΪҲκһϵܵ˺ʵϣʮ֮һϵٲҾܰȥˣ̳ݻٵΪҺ̸ͶˣǺƽ˵ţԵг
ɭסˣ䱸
ʮ֮һϵǽȫʧܣʵҲδɡڷţɫԽԽ䡣
Ϊʲô̸УɭЩţ;ˣӦֱӶֲǡ
ڲ֣϶˼ɡ
ԣһ
ɭƶȴҺǶԶģⲻǱȺݡ
ΪǶĴˣ롣
ȻҵĴ㣬㲻Ҫ֪ǵ˵ţ޸ĺı䣬ӦҲҪӦӦҲҪӦҵĻͣȻ
˵Ѿ˾˵ɱ⡣
ɭĬˣоˡ
Ļᶯ֣ԲڿЦ
Ҳԣʲôɲ
һ·ɱںӴϵ嶼¾ǧ򣬴ɱʮһħ
ͬ⡣ɭҧҧ
ԣͬ
ס
һֽԼôʵѧԺԺԼȻˡ
ʱȲҪӼƽϡ
ʵˣֻɭԼԸϰˡ
ܺãǾɣ˵ţתҪ뿪һֽЭ˼ûС
ȻֻǿͷЭ
ûκηЧûκ˵ںһ㡣
硢Ǽϣ˶Ŀɿڴš
öϷЭֿͷЭȻɽδʲôЦ
˵ЭѵΪΥġ
ѧԺԺȷҪЭдֽϣǹͬ汾Դ֮ģɭüڷЩˡ
һ㰲ȫжûС
ûаЭϣ֪Э鲻ʱסǣ϶˺ٵġ
ڣ˺ЭĲǽ壬ǡ
ͷЦô
ɭ˼һ£ò˵ͷ
ȷʵһôûС
˭֪Ե뷨ǽȨ֮ƣҲǵȨ֮ơ
Ժ˭˺ЭΪ档
뿪ˣԽԽԶȻҪϵɭ˿̾ȻЩ
һֵн𾴵ǿߡ
ĳФѾյϢԪ˧ڳأѾ뿪ϵϵ롣
Ļո˵꣬һǿϢ٣ФڣһλۼһλŽ׵ĵ۾˲仯Ϊ˷ɻҡ
һ˽ӹФͨѶװãǣֻŹФͨѶװƽЭѾЧЩ۾ںӴϵɱˡ
ƽᡣ


1408 Ҫ
ͨѶһˣɭѾס
ˣһô
һλۣһλŽ׵ĵ۾ڽ˵Ҳһǿ
ɱˣɾɱˡ
쵰
ֱǲˡԺһǸѪծѪ
ֻڣȴпԡ
ûĻظȴҲµɭ϶ܷŭǷŭô
ڣɭҪ˺Э
Ѿˣɭ˺ЭҲˡ
ؼǿ϶ɭôΪǸһ϶Ҫʱڣټ
꣡
ФͨѶװûΪ˷ɻң֮
صϵصѧԺ
ԼԺ칫ңüͷ壬ԵЩƣ
ʵһ̴Զûôףһ·ɱںӴϵһһСѣҲҪ۵ġ
ķѾһֲĵز
ķ࣬Ѿﵽ˾Űپʮ֮࣬ЩȫӳȴǸܲס
ڲȴڱϸǱˡ
Ǳ׶ˣҪٵı׶ˡ
ڳΪ֮󣬲ǵһҪǴ壬ϵ壬Ҳֻܳסĳ
ֻǶ壬Ҫķıʱ䣬ء
ڵǷȫǿȣ涼Ǻϡٵġ
ҪҲӵе漶ԡ
ּԣʱ̶ʹݿһ㣬°빦ٶ졣
ȻҲ޷Űپʮַ
ǳء˾ݼ񡭡
Ժ֮һЩѶϢЩѶϢǿġ
ǳķأ壬壬ҲǷرġ
˾ʥķţתΪ塣
ݼçļ֮е巨ţȻҲڻ¡
ķŻкܶ࣬ǺбҪ
ĿǰҪˣȰʧϸָʵǺصġ
ǵ㣬ּĹʩչʮΣҪȫ
ֹȫԲʽ
ʱĹȥת۾һ죬ǻָĺܺá
ȥһǳ磬ǳķأ塣
ĻʵԵҲܸõӦľ档
ʱ硣
һˣȻǬ
硣
Ǻܿ͵ˣѧԺԺ·ǬԼɽĴۣȻ˶棬ɫƽ
Ǭ˵ʲô֮ģô⡣
ʵֻҪ㹻ʵɽĹôԲȡ
Ǭɫܲã˵ʦﶼࡣ
͸ǣȴҲұֳ
Ǭлֱ˵ɡǵ˵ţһҺæӡ
Ժ㶼ɱںӴϵ̳ǰˣΪʲô˽ֻ̳֪֪Ҫ˼̳ɽ򶼵þˡǬǿŭ
ڱ̬ΪҪǳ֡
û취ǵʵȷʵǡ
ںɭ̸еʱѾ˵ĺˣҪ˵һôǵĮ˵š
˵һ飿
ʲôɣΪϵʮһϵٵ
ʲôɣǬ޷ܡ
ֻҪݻ˽̳ϵٵҲֵõġ
ԺҾǺܲģǶɽıѡǬ̲סˡ
ЩЩֲ
ɽǿĹΥ˼ԭ
ѣЩ΢䡣
һϵôԺֻҪݻ˽̳ںԱǼĽҶԷַ㡣ٱϵĽԷۣ˲佨һǬԼ
Ҳֱ֪˵ǲܣֻһЩǡ
Ѿźˡ
ַңٱϵĽ˼ЦˣЦȴԽԽ䣬ֻƾʲôΪԼ˭
ƾɽĹɽˣҵĻû˿ΥǬǲ˼˵
ʼնΪġ
ȻΪʲôɽֻ
ɽ򣬾׼ҵġ
˭̫ΪˡҡҡͷǬ翴Ű׳һ㣬߰ɣûʲô̸ġ
Ǭסš
ߣʲôô
λɽĴۣҲɫѿ
ǺִܹǷ̰
ԺҪǬɭɭһǸ˵ӡ
ȴֻһ֣


1409 ɽ
Ǭ⻰׷ˡ
ǿЦĪķ̰
ԺǲΪԼλսɽ޵ˡˣҸ㣬˻ӣ֮Ĳ飬һ飬׵㣬һֻһסǬ˵š
ӣĵ
ɽɽƾ֮е
˵ôӣȴǬвҲ׼֮вٵ棬Щܲܽ˵ǽˣҲδػ¡
ѧԺԺϵˣʲôɽʲôֵüɵġ
ȣҪ֤ϵİȫ֤İȫҪġ
źڰɣ֮еܿͻήٵġǬ˵ţҧгһ뿪ˡ
޼ǣϧŭǣǲɱ
ΪɽĹϵˣʱ˭ǰɱˣȫͬڱɽͶˡ
Ļ˵һССλʵǣλҪֹ׷ɱ
Դ壬ԭȺɶ

ɽ֮С
Ǵ۵ˣʵЩǬΪʲôҪ
Ǭ˵ţŹĽָһâȻһ׸ߵĿռ֮š
˵ţ˽ȥ
֮ڵļλۣǺԥĸ˽ȥ
ͨһƬɭһ㣬ǰȻһ޴Ĺֻ棬Ȼһɫļ̳ڼ̳ΧһȦȻһڣУɢĹâԵۼ
ѪˣΪҲֻ˵ط
ʲôط
˵ɽ򣬽ӵв飬ǵĴС
ǽйͨõЩһЩƷ
Ǭ֮ǰŵ۵֮ɳҲЩġ
ôɽӦöˣʮǧŰٰʮˣɽĵֻ̡Щܵƣ޷ٴνɽ򣬲ȻֵĽ壬ԼѧԺԺʲôǬ
⻰Ǵ۶òͷ
ǿźӣҲλʵóһҲʵ
棬ѵûгΪλԲԲô
ֲǬ˵ǸҪɽĵ̲ɹһλʵĵ۾ֱֵһᡣ
ߣλɽĵһʼ棬ǳ֮Ϊɽ档Ǭָָһ¼ɽؾ淢ֲģֻǴʮԪ֮ǰѾ޷ϵˣǸʱ򣬾˵˴Բʵ
Բ
ʲô磿
λλλԲ֮ǴԲ
ǲף֮ж֮ˡ
Ǵ۵ҲһľԭɽȻֹǿߡ
ԲٽһǿɾˣླףŵĴˡ
ĻͻƵླ磬ҲŻЩǣǽӲڹԮ⣬ҾȰЩǣ֪ɽ򲢲ѧԺԺҪˡǬ
ӣӵ汲Ϊܡ
¾ɽ򱻽ȫռ죬ǱֻҪӵ齵٣Ҳٴոɽ
ǣȫǿп޵ġ
ֻݲãȨѡ
Ѿ֮еȡϵôǴѯʵΪ֮ʹõһͨѶϵ֮ʹͨѶѶǸܡ
ҪҲ汾ԴƣͨѶ
Ʋ֮⣬һ
̳ôֻҪһЩѪҺǽϵǬ˵ţȡһѪҺҸ׵ģѪҺҲ֮ͨѪҪ֮ƵģֻһٵΡͻƵླ磬ҲһЩѪҺ
˵ţǬһѪ˼̳
ֻǼ̳ҫ۵Ĺâ財
Ȼ󣬼̳֮гӰϹ񷣬⾹ȻĽϵ
ףôˣǬѯʵ
ҸոӣϤҵ֮ǰɽӵһλ࣬ѾΪɽ񹬵Ĵˣո˽˵ţֻӻصɽȴĻҪѣҪһı취ǿӦⲻ󡣡
⻰Ǭڣ˶һϲ


1410 ֮
֮Уһʮڹľ޴½֮ϣһ޴Ĺ
⹬Ρɽ߲֪
ԶԶȥƣ˳˾η
Χȴһ޴ĳУ֮еĳУĳС
ڹſڣڽĵȴţ֪׼ҵ棬Ѿ֪ټԪȥЩѪʲôģѾĮ˼㡣
ڣʸûС
񷽹ĵȴ֮УǱ߹һȻŴ۵Ϊ
֮Уʵ飬ãԼӱ飬ЩҲҪ飬ǲࡣ
֮е̫֮ࡣ
׺ܶ࣬Ҳ͸ˡ
ɽôһ򣬴Ҳֻжʮ˶ѡ
񷣬ȥ˵ţ԰֮ɫ
֮е飬һָһȵĸо
Ҳѣ֮ȴҪװٱǧ
ȻһԺ϶ܳġ
ǣǣԵЩнҪ֪ҲһССλ
ǰֻһۣɶԷкһսʵ
ﻹЩҰĵġ
ǰ֮ླ磬֮Ҳøǿ
ֻڣҪֵǫѷһЩУٴҰģûǿҲҪ͵
һ·֮ϣ񹬵Ĵ
һޱѹֵĸоڿ
ˣѾˡ˵ţߣҶһ롣
СĿǹλϣһӡ
ǣܽ˼һ㡣
ܿӵòǵعֻȫǲӵòƺò
޷䣬֡
ʱӸоˣ
һ̣񷾹Ȼһ޴ǿվһӰǿ֮и£ƺ̽Ѱʲô
һ˲䣬ķתһǿޱȵʵ
ǿޱǿ
ˣɽ񹬵λˣλԲ飬ǲླĽ׵顣
ˣ񷿪ڵ񣬲˿Ĳ
֪֮ӽ׼ɭϣʵһ֮ȴ
֮Уλͽ׵飬ҲĿ飬λΪλԪֱݽ߶޷ͻƵλ֮
λ۷壬λſӡ
λ֮ϣླĽ׵ԲѾѹһλԲ񾳽磬һʵͻơ
ǰɣӵɽ飬Ѿ֪ˣɽ򣬸ɽ˾޴ѡΪɽ飬ǵ滹棬ɽȻ᲻ܡӻصɽ򣬲ûôףҪ޴Ĵۡ
˵ţӡ
ֻǳĬ֪ࡣ
Ҫľ汾Դ֪ı֪ģԼʵõģҲֻ֮ҶǰѾȥȡˣؿҪʮʱ䡣Ӱʵ񷡣
ʮꡭ
סʱ䲻Ҳˡ
Ҳ֪֮в֮⣬ʱȥһطܶҪʱ䡣
ãҲֻʮ꣬ɽӦûס
û£°ɣȻֻǵİ񷣬ȴ˵ʲô
Ҳǣ񷲻һոսӵλ顣
ĺˣӹƶټֱӾ˴ˡ
һЩۣ˻ɽ򣬽ɽΣҲΪԺ
ʵླ֮׷ĶһĴѾʲôˡ
ȻҲ֪˿̿ӵӣЩб䡣
ãɽ񹬼ȻӦˣǾⲻ
ɽĽ֮Ӧò⡣
ֻеȴˡ

ѧԺ֮С
Ϣ˽һʱ䣬ȫָˡ
һ棬ֹͣ˴ģ֣Сģȴǲϡ
廹ڲϵѼƷ׳̳
ǲ鿴һѾ֧֮ȴûɡ
֧Ҫֹɽȡǲȡ϶Ҫ
⣬ֹɽ򣬲ֻסһˡ
ҪѽȫΧɽ򣬻߰ѽɱ⣬ֻȥС
ΧҲҪάһ꣬ɡ
ҲҪǿʵ
ǳķأҲҪˡ


1411 ǳ
ڱǳķأ壬ԼΪ塣
壬
νλһ壬ĸ
ãʲôʱ򶼿ԳɾͣǷ̫ߵĻ޷ܣͱǰһתΪ塣
磬Ҳв飬ô̬ȴǲࡣ
ǳķأ̺Ŵ֮Щ֮벻ྦྷ֮еȫһ¡
أתḶ́ٿꡣ
ȻԼ֮дֲ༶壬ʵ̫ķʱˡ
ˣͨǳش壬Ҳֻ塣
˵һ壬һǳһ塣
ҲǷֵȼģȽ˵ǷΪĽס
ԽǿҲΪԽǿ
˵ﵽǿȣ廯Ϊһԭӣɢĸ䣬Ҳ᲻ϵؾۼۡ
Ľ׵壬Ǿ͸˵ˣܡ
ȻҲֱӾеģҪԼھһͨ
ۡʡ߻ʡǺˡ
Ժͬʱǿǣǳ𾴡
ҽҪȥһǳ磬ʺ߻ʸһͶɹ٣Է磬һ壬塣Ȼ壬ΪûȴҲֻǿҲǴۡ롣
ʺ߻û١
Ƕ֪ķ֮ͬ󣬳Ϊ飬͸ˡ
ֻҪ񣬴ˣѶȲ
ҲǻѧԺȳΪʦ
ۣҲڵʱ䣬ѧԺͽˡǻǺ۵ĹΪ˷ֹʱַҽǳ֮󣬻ֵѧԺȻûж٣Ѿӵд۵ʵһλ񡣡
ǣ۵˵ͷȻİǱ׼ǡ
ǳ磬˺ɽˡ
ֻܹҪǽԳ֣Ӧòʲô⡣
ˣǾȥǳ磬ҿܻһʱ䣬Ҳ²ĲǳʯĲʯ龧Ĳྦྷ֮ҿ϶ҪռһЩЩʯǳ˼һ¡
ǵûǳ֮У𵽴ʱ򣬾ͱȥһǧʯ
пȻʯ
ѵõĻᣬҪ֪棬ЩʯͲྦྷε
ȻҲֻ֮Ƚ

ǳ磬ħ硣
ٴظ֪Ҫ硣
ֻʱ䣬ĺ̡ܶ
ã֮ǰħʱԻһЩһֱӷˡ
Ҳǡʺ߻Ҳͬʱ
ţΪֻܸ𴫸ѶϢҪ磬ھȻʱ䣬Ǿȥɣ룬ݸ֪ܿȷλá
ڵѾʵĽ򣬳Ϊħʵĵһۡ
һ·ܿĸۡ
ﲻǽʲôɵ۸ǽؼҡ
ԣؼҡ
ħ磬Ӧû˲֪ؼҡ
ؼſڣǻǺòģȥͨһ£˵ɵ۵ʦˡ
һȻɫ䡣
Ǹǳ˷ŭǾһҪֵӡ
õҶû˵Ҽʲôʦ㾹ȻթƭҼͷϣһЦ
ʲôǼ˵˶ˣף󵨣Ҫġһļɵʵֱӵ
ǶʱˣԱߵʺ߻ʶ̲סҪЦ
ԺԱΪʲôô˷ء
˵ĻǸҲҴģֻҪһҪԹԳӭҡЦЦҲ¡
˻Ȼ֡
Ĵڣһܣƾؼ֮У֪˶ࡣ
ЦҼ㣬㺰ƺûáһ˱ġ
㻹ʲô˿ҪǴŵˣǿܻҪ˵һ˵ţѾù
ǿ
ҡҡͷɶĹٳң
⻰һһǵ˶ˡ
ŻˣҪȥסǵ죬Ǹס
ɾʱһֵ̿죬ס֣
˵ģȻǷӣǼǵġ


1412 ټ
ôˣӸؼ֮һ·ɽ硣
ؼҵأ˲֪֪
ؼ֮н죬ȻҪΪĳɾͣȴǿ𱳺ѧԺ
ûѧԺûڵ
ѧԺԺǸһӶ˵ˣֱӵһ޷ݵܡ
ˣǶǣӵĳ羴
ÿ̸ǣЩսսģ緲һ㡣
ǽ죬ڽ죬ȻٴοǣҾؼҵſڡ
ܳĸоǿؼҵȻҪסǣʱɱ˵Ķˣȫ֪Լʲô
ǰˣô
ԷҲֻǶһָǻҷëʣ
һһȥȻǷӣʱɫ԰
ڵķɵ۵ΪûУǷؼҵĵλҪ߹
ӣ˵˵ĸصֿѡ
ȻɽؼңǵҪԷӿͿġ
˵ֻҪ˵һĲǣƾҪꡣ
ӣǲҵĴڡ
ӺסԼ˶ǳϻ̳ϿǲҪ̯ϴˡ
ӣ΢΢һЦû뵽ȻﻹܿˣҲħˣǶû˰ɣ
ӵ˵ͷǰǰǰá
⻰ǵǲʲô
ɵۻɵˣǵĲ²Ӧôǰ˵˭
Ȼ÷ôҪ
̬ڵģǷӼصҲɡ
ˣˡ
֪Լ̯ϴˣصˣݾԲ򵥡
ѵʦ
ԽԽǺ£˿̾Ȼ嶼ڲ
ÿˡ˫һУֹס˷ӵ񣬡·ħ磬һӦڰɣ
ڣڵġӦ
ԽԽʲô·ħ磬ѵ˲ħġ
ҵ찡ѵ֮ˣ
뵽˲֪ԼոǶΣգȫתһȦ
ǶԷոճ֣֪ôġ
ʱһ˷ܵ
Ժ
ϸȻǴӸڴģϤˡ

ֻڵһһӰٴӸ˳
棬ֵܣĸصҲһ˳
ʲôȻؼҾټӭħôô
޽УѾǵ֪
ٲҿɾҪȥˡЦЦ
⻰ͷ
ﺦ¼ˣ֪ڸǵ״ǲ϶Ҳٲһٳͷ
ôģԺô֮ǰʵˣɱ֮󣬸һ·ΪؼҵǾȻԺҲϧߵѾ֪龭˿Ϊŭ
һæǹ˵ϡ
ɱǣ˵ȫûзֻܱ֮ɱ

ĵѾŵĻ겻壬Ͼɵ۾磬ԺģҲˡ
ˣŻˡ˲ʶңҲ֣ǾְЦЦʵ￴뷨ɱˣղųʱͶˣﻹϻô࣬ȻҲΪﲻ
ȻԺô˵ˣǾһǻлЦЦ˳ˮ۵
⻰ǧл
һʱмû뵽ǻΪ顣

븮ڡ
ԵܿĸۡǺģ۽ʲôģǸ治ٵĻ֪ʶиЦǣǻʮܻˣЩܻӦĽзģھȻڽؼҵһЩӵ֪㲻ѧɵһ֡
˼
Ȼԭ֮е𣬿˲١
Ժ˴ν磬ʲôҪ°ɣ룬ѯʵ
Ǹ磬ڴģ֣ƺܲãҪȥһ磬ķһʵ㣬ֵһѧԺǴ˿Ҳûʲôġ
ԭʺ߻ʣҲǰɣʵ
ҲҪ壬ӵд۵ʵ˵ʻش
ԭ˵ͷѾ֪ǵ˼ǺãʱȥѧԺһʱ䣬ҲԺ˵Щ塣
˵ӿһս⡣


1413 壬壡
ĺͺѶˣҲһ
ħ磬˵Ѿǿɵۣʵҵ֡
ܵѧԺЩĵ۾Լһսȫ֮á
Ҫ֪ѧԺǸĴۣ൱ԤˣÿΪǵĶ֡
ţ׼һ£ȥҾҲһǳ˼һ£֮ǰ͸߹𣬶򣬲Ŷ٣Ȼ˵ȥȻӦͿԶ٣˵Ѿˡ
֪ûǿֻиǿҽ֮Ժһᴴĳɾ͡ţȥȻҲ֪ǳǱܻ鼮켣ѾƫǱе·
ǰ趨õģڴֻг˵ˣǿߡǳ޵
Ժ˵ǣ׼һ¾ȥѧԺǿɱȲˣƣʮʱ䰡ãҲҹһѵʦ񫣬ٺ١뵽ҪܸһÿΣǹҪҸˡ
⻰ЩЦá
ΪԼ񣬵ʱҪǣȻΪѾ𣬵ڷȴ˿ġ
ؼģҲǷ
Ϊʲô֮ʱƣܿ׷ǷȴС
֮
ǡʡ߻Ϣķ磬֪
ͬʱѧԺ֮С
ˣ
ֵ˷ܵһʱѧԺЩƽˡ

綫ĳԣʮս׵սʿһ֧СӸպõֵǣǱڷԴһǧ꣬һǧͻһ֧Сࡣ
˿̣ʮսʿ̸š
ⶼˣȻһ߶ûУ½ЩôôԱߵ˵
ⲻ֣½Դƶ񤣬ֲڣһҪ٣ô׵ġԱһӵ
ǴǱ飬ȻҲֻ¼ˣȴҲЩߡ
½֮ˣ͸оһȡ
ɾʱ֧СԱ߲ԶķؾȻ˰ǰɫϵţʱ֧ʮСֹͣġ
зˡɫŮЩ˷ܡ
ɫԽԽ󣬾ͷ·һڷзһԲ׷ΧطأķΧȻء
˾ȻֹһȻˡǸоСӳ۾һ
ʱʮʿ˷һӽӵλ߿Ƿǳ飬һ㼸ŷһͬʱָ֮ͱ֪ˣưҲһ
ŰֻӰͻأس֮ϡ
͡
һɹɼذɫӷ֮г˳ÿһɽɫպýһڣܹɫ
ʮʿϸţȴ
˿̵ķ֮УˣһȻͬһء
ȻضӦŹ̶½ռ䣬ǾǲһԺҲء
֮ô
ϸţһ̺汾Դ֮ǿʼϴ壬ˢϸӵһֲʡ
ҲϣʼЩ
ЩҪǸ磬֪Ҫٲྦྷ
ʡ߻ʣھܵЩ֮߶֮ǵȫͬʱסҽڸǵķţԼľӡÿһطѪ֯ÿһϸ粻ͬġǴ
ףԺǸеģַͨʽ۵壬ȻĻ״߻ʴ˵ֻҪ壬ΪÿһطԼľӡԼʶԼķһ㣬ʱֻҪʶ˲һ壬ΪҪһͨǵѪ
ġһҲΪ׶Σһ׶ǰʶԼļ⡢ѪҺٵȸ֯ڶ׶ǰʶԼĹͷ裬׶ǰʶԼϸ֮Уʱ±һ⣬Ҳۺǽ͵
һҪĴ죬ӣʲô˿ЩҲǵ
ÿ綼ԼϵķţȷʵҪ絥ķҪ١룬ԵģǸ磬ɱһ飬ҲҪࡣ
ʺ߻ʵͷҲѡԭ


1414 Ǹոշ
ȻҲԶûôףҪ汾ԴҲǲʯͲྦྷ֮еǸ磬˵۾磬ͨʵ̫ˣܲԲһܻ꣬õҲֻһ鲻ʯ̺֮ࡣ
֮УΪб˸ԭʼ滷
汾ԴȴǸ࣬Ҳ͸ף⵹ǳȽơ
Ҳ汾ԴƲླ飬ӵһԭ
Ϊ֮㻹ٽǾͱӡ
û⣬Դ󲿷ֵĲ飬֮󣬶ѡӣ֮в塣
֮⣬̫ͣʱ䡣
汾ԴȻںԼʶһγɵľ
ǹؼ
һελһϵ֧š
壬ܶϵ塣
˴˿̶ڲϵŷ֮еǸ棬Դȫͨġ
ҲǸ汾Դ汾Դ֮
աԼʶͷ򾳽绥ںϣÿ˶˸Ե
Ҳÿ˶еģÿߵϢһ
һʱȥʱȥת۾ʱ
߻壬ķ˽κһ٣һ鼡ⶼԼ彻šǾһһ㣬ȡκһֻ֯Ҫʶһܻ֯ص塣
壬塣
Ǹ棬ϵ壬Ȼֻǵһ׶Σֻǳ롣
ܣо
ڹؼʱܹЮһѪ룬ȻѪⲻγµ塣
ԱߣطصʮСӶԵЩˡ
ʱȻʱ壬Ѿû˰ɣһ˵ţԵЩȡ
ǰζܣոԽ࣬õĺôҲԽһ̶ϣǱԽ󡣡ԱߵһŮսʿǼʣˣǻڷ֮ǸˣһһȻԱ֮˵ʮ
⻰Ҳһľ
ôֲô
ô꣬ǵһο֮ġ
Ѿˣڿ
һʱȥҲڽˡ
ˬҲˣѾĵһ׶ڣоϴһΡ߳˷أԱߵ߻վһ顣
ʱȥתʱ
ʺ߻ʻԱߵʮСȴǸüͷ
ʲôˣôûһѯʵɫǺܺÿص֮ȻѾ֮һȻ֮Զ䣬Ҳֲ̫ˣֱǷ˼
ʲôü
һô֮Ҫȥ˷ô塣ӵֹôˣ춼ˣҪǰסԼڿ顣
ӵĻҪǴӷ֮ץ
ֹҼԺʴһ̾ȥ߻Ҳһ
ոսķߣҲǡսʿЦʺ߻ʶԺһС
һжԺ䣬˶Ŀɿڴ
ֻʺ߻ʣȻ˿ûд·磬ȫ൱ĸо
ոշԤˣȴ¼˵սǼˡСӶӳһ۾Ϳʺ߻ʵʵ
ʱϵѡ˳֡
ôѵǣ
СӳԾȥ׺һ㣬˫ֱ˽ɫǴһ˫ɫȭͷ
͵ȭֱʺ߻ʡ
ʺ߻ʲǴۼʵҲԤˣСӳһλĶ֡
˸оһޱȿ񱩵Ҫ˺ѳΪƬ
Ѿ󾪣ǰǾȻ޷֮
ǵϣֱϣ¶ĵطֱӱһѪڣѪڷɽ
ԱʮСӵĳԱ˿̶ֻĸо
ţ֪˰ɡ
ɾʱһˮֻӷ֮зɳһӰӰһͷԶžһ㣬£׽Ǭ͵һƴֱСӳ
ɲǼ䣬Сӳоͷһ䣬顣
ˣ˹ˣϢ̫ǿˡ
ʲôһֱޱȣޱȺ˵Ϯȫġ
Ǹոշ
Сӳ˿̶Щˣȴ͵֣źѸȥ


1415 Ӧ
ֵȻǣСӳ֣Ҳѡ֡
Ͼ磬һѵмλɲչͱЩ˶ϡ
ĿǰԵ͵Ϊ
ؼʵ̫ˣھ壬ǿҲܺһλһս΢ǿһλҪ·ˡ
ûа취飬꣬Լʵ
ϾǸո壬ʵס
ֻô֮ȴû֮еôǿҲֻǿ˵һ׶εڡ
ڶ׶ζʻһ
Ҫ̫˭ÿһϸ˼ҵļ򡢼ʮ
˳磬ʲôģ֡ǳ˼һ£Сӳ˵Եúܿ
ҪǣĲСӳ
ȫûбҪ
Сӳ˼һ£뵽ǸոյĿֲɱʵ˵ͷû£һѡ
⻰ԱߵļĶԱǾȲѡ
һǸӳôˣոտǶˣ
Сӳ⻰Цص֪ʲôȻǸոշʵȴǿмˣһС£ҵʲôûôô֮ǱܴԺΪпܣҿǲ𡣡
˵֮Сӳǣ褣ǽһ
ҲǸΨһŮսʿӦһ˳ӭǷ磬ĻȺ˵һ¡
Ȼ˽ǺϸŮӽ⡣
Ͼкʵǳ绹Щġ
һ鼫Ϊ½أ½Χ޾⺣жû֪֪ɡȻųɾŵˣס½֮ϡ򼸺ԺԣҲ˵һ޴½ء
ϸԱеһ¡
⣬ռǳȶͬʱҲΪشҲܵˡûΪҲǲǺܺľ绮֣Ҹǣľ磬ҪΪ¼ˣмˣϼˣ²вϲԼߵȻ˵У֮ϻ𡣡
ʱ򲻾üͷȻԭ֮Ҳһ¡
ǶӦĻǳҲ൱Ǹ治߽׵൱Ǹ粻ڰ˽׵񣬶֮ϵĺƿߣ൱Ǹ治ھŽ׵
񣬺ƿߣ
ƺȫԶӦǻһһ
褴˿̻˵ţǸոշʵ¼˶㲻ϣֻǡԤˡķʱ䣬ǼʹгʯҲҪǧܳΪˡǺķ£ܴﵽϼˡǴϼ˵²񡭡ȴǸѣһпܲһΪɡ
²ÿǰһ͸ˡϲ񡭡Ǻ绽ˡڴϲǺǡǽ˭ΪԺҲʸͱ˴ˡ˵Ц

Ѿܶûеһµˡ
⣬¼˵ʶ޷뿪ģм˵ʶܹ뿪ʮңϼʶ뿪ңӰɣ񾳽磬Ҳ
̽ʶȻƵĺ
ǵ߶ԼԺ֮е淨ģ͵ȴ˲ƣʶȻܸǷԲ
ƺܼӣȴǲٳˣ±˲
룬ֻǴ͸ľѡʺ֣֮ܺйءʹϼˣҲ޷ʶ͸ءľˮʵԵʡ褼
ǵ˵ͷʶܸôԶǴ͸ʣȴҲֻвһ
һƺҲˡ
ڣ˰Сʱʱ䣬褲Ű˵
ǻǷһ㲻ͬĵط
ñʯʯ1龧=100Ʒʯ=10000Ʒʯ=1Ʒʯ=1Ʒʯ
ʵϣûʲôƷƷƷԼƷʯ
ͳΪʯ
ѯϵͳõĴܻ磬ǿƥԭʯĶһȻΥģȻᱻǿͳһ
1龧=10000ʯ
ֻһ㣬Ǹ1ྦྷ=10000ʯһ޶
Ǹм˵Сӳڿ飬˶Դ֪һ㶼֡
󳡣ǽʯʯĵط˼ͬһ뷨


1416 ʼ
ôʯôܾΪУ
ڵѧԺɾȱЩ붼˼
ʱѾĵضǴԺ㿴ûУһ棬ѷŵĶʯҹҲмǧҪǲ˳ǣˣǰһˡ
ңҲҪЩʯ
棬ɾǲʯһ֮ⶼ
Щ۾ʹۣЩҲǶơ
ʵҲˣǴۣӵеĲྦྷҲͼ飬ʮ飬ʯȻ㣬ҲǽͰ͵ģؼʱʹá
⼸ǧʯҲֵǧ鲻ྦྷһȾ޿ˡ
棬ս
ǳ˼һ£ظϸǱߵǽţʮһռָһɵʯŲ£ͻᱻյǿռָ档
⻰ʺ߻ʶ۾һ
ѵǶʮһռָȫǲʯ
ȵȣ᲻ỹвྦྷЩѪڰ
ǼûУλξ˾ʯɽĹҲΨһһλƽʱξٴ˾￴ʯսʯĹÿҪϽɵʯҲξԲ顣Сӳ˵
ˣǰסȥɡξƺЩͷ˰־ҪСӳ뿪
ǣСӳӦЦŴ뿪ˡ
ת뿪ʱȴǻͷٴһξꡣ
ȻξûչֳʲôϢǿԿ϶ξǶԼ֣ûл֮
²Ҳ൱ǸԲ
ڵʵԲ̫ˡ
˵ܺмһսʵҲЩˣ΢еֶεмˣܿܰѹŴ
֮Ĳνǣһ֮
Žףһһ졣
뿪ˣ˺Զ˿Աߵס
·ϣҲòĴһ¡
֪ʯ󳡣ȻаĿ󹤣кܶ಻Ƿߣڳ첻ȥˡ
ӿڳʯÿϽһΣӦþʮ֮ڣ͵Ͻɵӡ
ԣξ꿴صЩʯʵ󳡰Ĳ
ס֮С
ǹţʺ߻ʶڡ
Ƕˣʮ꣬ξҪսɵʯϽȥЩʯ֮ǰǵڵĹؼξʵ̫ǿһֱ￴أһᶼûС
ʵ˵ͷ֪ʵ顣
Ҳһ취ûУξȻĹߣǿϳ⣬϶Ҫ鿴ԭ֮ҲġǼԺ֮Ѿһ뷨
ʺ߻ʣʱҲ۾һ
֪˵˼ˣԭ֮УصѨֿ󳡣ϮڿˣξԹ鿴ġ
ȫ԰صѨϣɽ
ҲżξǱɽеĿռָʯϣǻһᶼûСԣȱŪξ᲻ʯţܹؼͿʼڿˣʱ취Щ˺ܳʱ˴һ¡ǵ

ڶ죬˵ĿĿʼˡ
Сӣ˵СӶһױԴڿݳް
ʺ߻ʵʶҲܴ͸׺Ҳ㣬ǾͲһˣܴ͸һ
ڿĻֱǿһ
ʯôһ·ɢɢֲʯ飬ҪȫˣǽȫˡҲҵʶ˵Ĵ͸ܷЩʯλãЩʯҳҲҪϰꡣ
ţȴǲûȥЩʯ
Ѱ龧ǲྦྷһԶһʯ
ſʮԶ¶һЦݣ龧
˵ţӾ˹ȥ
ʱԱ߹һӣ˻ɫͷ·Щƣֵġ
ǣⶼǱڹĵطˣʲôڲЦȥǰɣǰһʮʯء
ôҿɲôΪ˵Ҿͨռ֮ҵݣʯ󡣡ǵ˵ţԱߵʺ߻Ѿֱӣ֪ǿʼˡ
ռݣȻƺûڿ
ţ㿴ˣԶһʯ˵žһڣκʯ̫ӲˣԶȻСʱʱ䣬ӺģȻȫ⿴ţҲ뿪
꣡
һȥһϤľ¶˳


1417 
ЦЦɵİһʯս˴ӡ
ӿ۾ֱˣɧ
ռڿ󣬿ʲôЦ
ôǿӣЦʵ
ɺϣһɺϣһû˵˭ģҪڳһ飬Ҿ㡣룬ȻʶģΪûĸ˵ʶܴ͸ʯ׵ġ
ʺ߻ʶЦǱݡ
ʱ򣬹ȻֻǵҲˣˣʮףһʯ
⻰ӦãʯҾ㡣
˵ţһԿţӷɿ
һǶȫһĿ󹤣ˡ
ʮףֻСʱ
ѾʮˣôûʯȻƭӡӺߵԼ̫ɷˣȻǵĹװʮס
һӿЦЦ
һӣѵСӻû˵꣬һȥͿһϤľʯ⡭Ҳ̫аˣʯ
±ˣ˶ɵˡ
ڿѵ͵ڿʽô
ЦԱߵ߻ʺҲڱЦ
ôôʵ
ˣҷˡӵ˵ͷҽܲλôƺ
ҽǡ룬ҲûԼ֡
ԭǴ磬ֶΣڿʲôģС˼㿴Сܣ˶ˣܵǮڳһӵģǲҰܲп϶ǱȵĽֲ࣬ǿǼˡ
궼ڳһӵģķôߣȻ
ǰߵĲ񻰣˵ҴһǰͿһСҰʯءɶʱ𰡣ǿɾˬˣ̫ˣûաܲ
ʯȷʵܸߣأ˶ˣʵ
ţѾ˿һǧˡܲƽ˵š
ۣβǿڣ߻ЦҲ˵ҪܹʯҪǧꡣ
ûĻӦġܲЩ
˵û׸ʲôô
׸ʲôܲѯʵ
ˣ̫ûҵͷˣν׸ҪһʯķӣǰֻҪ㸶һɣɣȻĻΪӵĳ۷ԵȡһϢѡ˵ţȫǴӵǱѧģȻﶮ
Уһ˻أܲһӾץ˹ؼ㡣
ϣȨѷߣôԿ˵ţϸܲһʴˣԷ۾ˡ
ⰡҪǸҪܲ
ЦЦʵ˵û
Ϊǳ֮֮ȽϿ񱩣³ڵķ̫ߣеҪϼǧ꣬пڳһӡ
˵ĻķزĿԳһˡ
ҪǸúãԺԴԴϵʯɾһ۱衣
ڵĻʵʩȴףΪǸûһǿĺ̨
ԺĻǿԡ
ȿȣĵ̫ԶˣڻһأڳӶѣȥǴ˻ܲ
ҲǰܷʵܲпᰡһʵʵڿǮɣܲ룬ֻʱЩȵĿǣ磬㿴ʲôڿҲû˭ˣڿʱҲԵָһңֻҪ΢ָһ¾С
ȴҡҡͷܲҾԸ㣬룬ûûҹڣÿڶʯϽģʣ¶٣ʵ̫ˡҪǶСҰʱҲ̫࣬㻹ҪҪͻƣҲҪʯ
ָܲͷһ£ֺȷʵġ
ʱ¶һЦݣʵôһ뷨ܲѾˣ϶ˣӦʶˡΪһÿһЩʯλñǳ㣬ȥаȥڣǾǶƣ滹Ľ״ҲҪ٣ֻɾУô
ܲһ㶣ϸ˼е⣺ǲҲҪʲôɣ
Ǵһָ޵ǴĻʮûдˣÿɣҲԶԶҪ֮ǰõ棬һٸһǧأ򷿻ô
⻰ܲѾ֣£¡
ЦЦôֻҪ˼벻£취ܱѶ֪࣬ԼҪʲôչߣԣǷչ̣ǰ;ѾһƬ


1418 绥ϻ
ܲһ£ƺѾܿǸδ
һΪ룡
ٴǿƺҪһޱȺΰҵ
ʺ߻һߣЩһһ㶵ġ
ԣΪ롣ܲ˵ͷȴڳһ׷ӣˣҸˡǴ磬ԺҾ͸ˡ
ãӭļ롣ЦЦ
ֱܲǸɾʮ㡣
Ϊܲ÷չ̣Χһ֮ڵʯλöǳȥ˵
ܲҲȷʵ˲ţһ֮ڴһʯֳʮݣȻͬˣǳΪԼߡ
ЦЦĿܲ뿪
ˣ˵ء
ʱת۹ȥһ£Щһֱڿȥˡ
ڵȴܲϢ
һ죬ܲٴˣʮĸˣȫ¼ˡ
Ǵ硣ܲ˵ţʮĸ¼ȴЩãȻʲôҸǵʯֲͼ֪ôǶǴݳġ˵Ǵνǰ֪֪꣬꣬ԺǴ磬벻ƶѡ
ǶûңҲ֡ЦЦȴֹܲͬʱϳһޱµϢ淨ģģʮĸٿǣȫǻ۵ĴĻ
ʮĸˣǱסˡ
ʱָָһ򣺡һ֮һ龧˭ȥȡ
ȥ
һ¼˵Ȼɿ
¼˵ٶȣǶסʲô٣ˣȻܲҪϺüɡ
Ǵ֪һ١ȺϴʮˣڵΪѾﵽ¼˵ĺˡҲƣʡʯˣϴνǣΪû㹻ʯס꣬ˡܲ
Ǻգⶼʲôˡ
ķǰĵ򣬼ֱй֮޲
ŻʮСʱޱڴ֮Уֻ١ȺŴӿ֮˳
Ȼһ龧
龧龧⻻ǼֵһʯһǧջˡһŮ¼˵۾ˡ
Ҳһ˭뵽һ龧Ȼǰȴ޴ӵ֪
ǰˣݳʲô
뷢ƣҲĺܼ򵥡
Ǵˣ龧١Ⱥûԥ˫ʮСʱڳ龧ݸǡ
˿ţ۾ˡ
ȴЦЦ١Ⱥϵܲһصչġ
١Ⱥʱϲѣ֪ԼĶˣллˣһԴĲѡ
⻰ɿˣ͹ˣǻΪ롣
⻰ܲӦΪ룬һжΪ롣򷿣򷿣򷿣ǮǮǮ
⻰ʮҲǸźѪڵĸо
ϰð龰ܾ
ܲʱʾһ£ʮĸֻͣǵǴ磬Ǿˣ͸ˣԺǾһ֯Щҷչĵһ̣һǼչ̣ʱһ𷢲ƣһ򷿣һһΪмˣϼˣ
ǰ𾪣ô
ǿʮĸ˵ӣǼޱȣȻѾ¶˾ġ
Ǵ磬ְ֯ɣԺǳȥչֶ̣ܲûаɡܲ
ôǳ˼һ£ȷʵбҪ
ֻʲôֺأ
һȺڵţʺ߻ҲЩڴ
Ƭֻ֮ǰһˣ֯ȫһ֯Ϊǳߵ룬Ϊÿһ˶ҸǾͽС
ˣ
ܲѿڶʮԥһ£Ȼ˵ͷ
Ǳ׵ˣҡͷ˵õĸأҲ̫Сˣʲôˣ֯Ժ绥ϻᣬ߶ȣо߶ôΪôΪ츣磡
⻰ܲڣ˶оһɳߵʹС
ǲΪ˷ƣΪڳ򷿣Ϊ츣磬ΰġ
ʺ߻Ѿڲˣ·Ҳû˭ˡ
ˣӽ쿪ʼʽǼȻһϻᣬͲٽʲộԺͳһлԱ֪ôһԱԱԱһֱȥǵ˵ţƺһģ˲ָоߴ˲١


1419 귢չ
ܲϸ˼£Ȼ֪Աɶ˼ȷʵǴϿڶˡ
ǿ˶ûܲôھһԱԴӶԱϳɡ١ȺΪԱûԱĻͶãϽɸĳɣȫԼġ
ܲ⻰˷ܡ
һԱߵĵȼԺ١ȺǷչ˸Ա١ȺǵĿ϶Ҳ
ʱ¼Ůȴüֻʶ˴˵㣬ǶԱˣѵûлΪһԱ
˴˿̶ǿǣҲǱȽϹĵ⡣
ЦǵȻлΪһԱģǰҪչ㹻ԱʱһǵҵΪһԱܲһĲãҲпܽΪԱġԱĵȼҪչߡ¼Ա
⻰ʮ˶Ǽ
ܲǸоΣ뵽ԼѾһûЩ˲
ǳ˼һ£ֵһⶨһƶȳǿ֪ˡģκһɵúõĻԱᱻû
ˡ
ԺҪдˣл᳤
ȻĻ᳤ȫԴ
᳤ԣӦýл᳤¼Ůӵͷǻ᳤ǲǾͿȥչԱˣ
ԣǵʵõδѾˡǵ˵ͷ

ʺ߻ȫ̿ţ𾪣ܾ塣
ʻ˭
ԺЩɶ¼ˣ൱λƸѧԺʲô塣
УЩûֵˣԭֵ޷ǩԼεԺпܣǿһѧԺԺ
ѧԺԺѧԺϲɵ顣
磬ڶѧԺԺ
ǳ˼һ£ѯʵôˣξ뿪Ļ᲻ſصʯһ뿪
߻ʱشҸոնܲʮĸòһǸŮ¼˵ʯǼ䷿һǿ󷨣һ²Ʋξ뿪ʱӦòЩʯ
⻰΢΢ü
ֻ󷨣ǻã漶ԣǿ󷨣ֻҪʱ䣬Ҳƽ
ֻǺʱ̫϶ҲУĿǰĻûһ󷨡
Ժ롭߻ʾȵ
ֻһԵ뷨ʱ޷ʵʩҪһܲߵĽչǾǴЩʯҲܲǡҴܲЩˣϸ˵ǰչԺǶܴǳòƸ
ʺ߻ʰͷ֪Ųߣο϶һܴļƻ
ʱһһĹȥ
ǳܲṩʯλͼ顣
֮ܲǻ㱨
᳤棬ǹչԱˣԱǧһˣļԱǧˡϸӪգ᳤ĿܲԽԽ쵼ӣ˵ҲǺ
Ǽɨһ¡
Ǻ𾪵ģΪֻʱ䣬ȻѾչˡ
ɲһķӣһ¼˰
Ǹ磬һλ񣬸µҲһ˶ѡ
ƿؿ󳡣ƺԶˡ
ӪգҲʯ
ܲķչܿ죬ˡǵ˵ͷҴõ١ȺԼΪһԱʲô
᳤ƶˣûκܲҪ֪һԱֶһԱȻ˾ߡ
ţжǵ˵ͷıҲҴƸΪ᳤
᳤⡭ⲻаɣҾҡܲһҸҲ̫ͻȻˡ
û£΢΢һЦˣȥæɣ
ܲ˵ͷЩ˳ȥ
һɱεҸͷһҪɵĸòС
ֻ֪ǵ·ɵúǸ᳤ɵòãʲôǣ˭Ҳû涨᳤ֻһ
·ȫ·
ܲ뿪֮չһͼ
Ѿʶ̽Ѱʯȷʵкܶδ֪ΣգеصѨֻ֮һѡʶƣɹ˱ܿЩ򣬶ϸǳλͼѾһš
һξķӦˡǳ˼ţʱŻȡػʯ󷨵ϢȻƽ⣬Ϊȡʯ׼
һУĿǰƿ֮С


1420 صѨ
ʱŵһ֮黹ڰͰĽš
ֻ֪ȥʯλͼڿΧһͼϴλá
ԺӾһʧˡһˣ˵ȴǰһK1ķըѾ趨˵ʱһСʱըͻᱻʱͷų޴
ǵ˵ͷܺã˯һͷصѨʵϼˡըըĻɱصѨȴǻ׼ŭʱ򣬵صѨŰξΪ󳡵Ĺߣ϶ҪǾͳû̽һ󷨡
ʺ߻Ҳûκ⡣
ֻвһףһʷŵϣһ󶴣趨ķ˹ȥ
ֻˣڵǱߵӦúܶ࣬ҪƣȽΣյĹ
˴ʮӣ˾͵˿󶴵ĵײ
˲֪ǿǸ֪ĺھ빤ֻһ֮ĵطǵصѨڳ˯š
߰ɣ˵ţ˳ŽʯĵطȥطҲҪʮӵʱ䡣ξһʱõϢȻǰõǱ˵ҲǼƻõģֻһɺϡ
ʱһһĹȥһж˳
ȥ೤ʱˡǿ˿ǰʯĵطֻвʮԶˡ
Ѿȥʮŷʮ룬жʮʱ䣬ըͻᱻ߻óһĵӱʱ仹һһĹȥ
⻰ͣ˽Ų
š
һʱоµĴ΢𶯸С
K1ķըڵߵĿƼ䱬ȴ۵ȫһ
K1ըôףҲֻʮöը
ˡ
߻૵˵ʲôѾһŭĺ
ǵʶɨȥѾˡ
һףģھ򼣬ΨһǱ򼻹һϸβͣβס⣬һɫצӣҲٸÿһצӻʮָͬʱʮָϻط·̵һص̡
ݣһɱ¾һ㡣
ǵصѨ
ΧڵصѨֵһ˲䣬Ƿ˾
Ǵ¼ˣǵصѨĶֻ֣
ʱѾξ귢ȵϢ
ھؿţȻڵһʱ䣬ξ˳ȥֱŵصѨȥ
У
ܺãȻ뿪ˡ
ǳ˼һ£ȴǽʯȥʮӶûõ
Ͼʮľ룬ǲУҲǼ֮ң
ӣȻһ˶ûС
濴ȥдʯĿռָڣʯҲһûдߡ
ȻξԿʯ󷨣š
ʱ䲻࣬ץ
֪ξʵܲӵʱܽصѨ֮ǰ϶Ҫ뿪
һֳֻػʯ̽ȥʱǰһɫ󷨽ơ
΢΢Ȼ򵥣ѧԺ󷨵ȼӦˣһǾ޷ƿġң漶ԣȴֻҪСʱͿƿ󷨣Ȼ֪Ľ档ڣֻȰ󷨵Ĺ´ٹȡʯ
۾ʶ󷨡
ǶػѾȻأ뿪ˡ
ɾʱһʲô
һãѵξǰˡ
ֻͷһȴȻΪ˸ξ꣬ǿطصǸСӳ
ǻǵ֣
˿̵Ĺһˣ˻ЩģӦǸոշķߡ
겻ôˡҲ޴룬ǰˣԭʯġֻǲ֪ô£ξٴ˾ȻڣҾһ£֪ôʹ󷨡
ʯһŽһôüȻǼǵǵģƺյҲѡ
֪ҽڵһ龧ԾǰѽһķݶϽˡ˵ţֵЩ⡣
龧ˣȻûڵ龧Ǹڵ龧Ҳ̫ˡ
ǣѡЦЦ龧˳鿴һ£ȷʵ٣˿ﷴЩˣҪ֪ʮнˮҲһ龧мˣǿطصСӳ


1421 ھ
龧Ϊа
ʮнˮҲˡ
̰뵽ǵʵȻܲҲְҡҡͷʵǲǡ
ɾʱֻǵˣҽҪȥڿҲ֪ξٴʲôʱҿҲҪξٴˣ龧Ҵɸξٴˡˣ˵ģٸ˰ٿʯÿһ
⻰һ
˿̣Ծľһ뷨
ƾ޾ݵģǰһ龧Ͱ˰ʯˣȫ˽
ʱǾ֪ˣҲõûа취
˵˵˵ͷξٴȷʵ֪ʲôʱܻȸҰɣ
ͷˡ˵ţǴˣǾȻȥˡ
Ŀ뿪һɷʡ
һ龧Ͱ˰ʯնˣʱǾٷŭҲû취

ȥ֮
ЩĿǣԺǹһͲʲôˣһ鲻ྦྷҿʮа˾Żᱻ˽̵
߻ҲǵͷΪ˵е
ȴһЦҾҪ̰īʵǵжѾ覴ãǴ󷨣ԺʯʧԣĵֻҪ˵飬Ǿͻᱻˣʱ뿪ǳˣȻ϶׶༪١
ʺ߻ʶʱɫȷʵǸ⡣
ʱȴǼھͲһˣҪ̰īϽɵһ龧Ͱ˰ʯʱǾͿԵһң˵ǹΪ̰īǵ龧ǣҲʵҵļƻ֮УʯʧΪհհҲҪһ˽飬ʡ
ò˵һݶļƲߡ
ʺ߻ϸ֮Ҳȱ
ֻƺ⣬˼Ƭ֮󣺡ڻȱһǾǹŵǸߣһ֤ߣǽ龧ʱȫĿõġԣ뾡İչˣʵԱʱҪ֤ġ
ЦЦѣܲȥˣó
ǵ˵ͷȥ顣
ʮֹ֮ޱǸߵѶϢѾڷŵǰ
ȻھħһĻʣǽ
Ǻܾԭ֮гֵ
ֻܵѧԺӰ죬ھûкйĽھƺԭ֮ǿ˲٣Ȼһ硣
ܲŽӴھ󼸴Σһ԰ƺмڼ߻ʵ
żǺܲпģھô԰ǵʵ֮󣬻ǻͷġ˿˵ţʱĻҲʵʩƻһаͰͺãҲ̫⡣
һ֮С
ھЩǷϵ˵ϣѾˣµļţЩĻ䡣
磬ĳ̫ˡ
½ʱһȺɵħۣΪֻҪ磬ܳˡ
ʵޱȵĲпᣬħǷһĻʣֻܿƵڿ
ףھ󣬽ջôһ˹Цʵ
Уһʯûڵھεʶӵģһ¼ˣΪҪߵ㣬һƬڿ
ڵЩطûʯҿȥһǧ޵ˣҲ޷뿪󳡣ķߣҲûСЦЦ
أջôھӡ
࣬ڵʯȻҪ飬ҲĿ顣ԺԱǰƽÿ춼ڲһʯʵʵ˺ü
Ϊ˵Ǹھü
ȫǴ绥ϻᣬһ˶ĻԱңڿļԱÿԹ̶õʮʯķֲλãϧʮλõʯһֻڳ顣
ʮڳ飿ھ૵
ôûȤǼ弶ԱÿҲܵõһʯֲλãÿͶջˡ˵ʵһ仰û˵ھͬ룬չھ󣬵ʱھɾһˡ
ԣҲӵһθھ˵ˡ
Ǹҿһ¡ھ˼һ£֮ǰԸǾĳ̫ӣ춼ڲʯ֪ǱӣҲÿһá
ðɣץ뻹弶Ա弶ԱˣټĻɾԱˣԱĸǼԽߣԽá˵ţװһεˡ


1422 ͳ˿
֮ھҵӡ
ʵʵܲпᣬȥǱġ
ϲΪһԱЦЦߣҴȥǿϵİ´
ھ˵ͷҲЩ档
һ·ֱߣһ󶴵ﾹȻһ䲼úܾµķ䡣
˿̵ķ棬ԱǶԼĿ棬ǵڵԱˣʹõ豸ȻҲһ̨̨ĸ߿Ƽⴥģ˵ȻҲǳ֮֡
ӭפçɽʯ´Ҫʲôҵ񣿡һ¼Ů´ĵ൱еĴþһ㡣
˰һӵ
롣Ůӵ˵ͷھӵ˵һ̨
ᡢΪ̨ϵİԱѯʵǰѾʾһĻĻҪǼǵѯھ
ھЩµģһθо֮
ЩҲʲôأʵûʲôͻش˳
ԱǼǣȻ˻Աעᡣ
ˣҷչʱȴǵ
Ѿˣ弶ԱھļԱԱ˵ţ㿪ĻһطȻǸϼԱд֡
Ҳ⻰ٺЦ
ѾԤҪˣˬᰡ
ΪһԱһ飬ǾģԱ鷳ʽԱ
ףס˵ţھ˸ڵһ䡣
ֻڵһ棬һӺʹɵʺģҫۡ
ֻһھ͸оһʽС
ûЦݣԵú¡
ǰľ죬ĲӺʹЩ²ˣӺʹӽһԢǱǲܻأӵδ˵š
ھ˵ͷ¡
ˣ˫Ȳ£ֱȭ̫Ѩͬߣģ־Ը绥ϻᣬӵĸ죬³̣ԱִľļɣܣҳϣΪÿ˶Ҹʱ׼Ϊÿ²һУ
˵ţ˶Եʥ
ûУǸΪԼΪ磬Ϊ˶Ҹ
ھ󱻸ȾˣԾĸž˳
ǳ磬һģӦɲġ
ˣԺǾͶһԱˡھ꣬ЦЦȻóһŦ۴СĻ£⻹ǸղԱģؿڣԱ
ھѾʶ鿴һûκε⡣
ҪС£յ͵ѶϢ͵ҽôʹãһȥԿ
ھ˵ͷȻͿǰһλͼһꡣ
ԼλҲС
λ㣬λʯλãոճΪ弶ԱĿǰԻʯλá͵
ԭھˣִѶֶΣǵһμ
ʵԵĿƼˣһЩѧϰͨѶרҵĴѧһƬһϢ硣
ʱȥ
ھ֮ÿȻܻʯλãԤˣʵޣһڳȴֻ顣ĻһҲܻ߰ٿʯһž飬ȥҪ֮һʣµҲǧˣȻȥҪϽɸξٹǧٿ飬ʣµľȻнӽ顣
ھ⼤
ˣ㹻ʯˣ˵ˣǰǶ󹤲еġ
ھʶˣǾһڳ򷿣ǿЦġ
⻹ֻ弶ԱһԱԱָʲôĴ
תۣȥˡ
᳤ҹעǸھֺܲով˿ˣΪԱܲڵȻһƣλ߲еĶһˣʵѾ֪ȥˡ
Ŷھֵģ˲áЦЦأжٳԱˣ
󳡰ٷ֮ʮ˵ˣڶһԱܲʱΪԺٺ٣˵Ѿͳ󳡡


1423 ʮʯ
ȻȻ֪һ죬󳡵˶չΪԱٶҲ̫ˣȻֻǰٷ֮ʮˡ
㣬ʵҲǾʱѣֱԱըʽٶڷչ
ٷ֮ʮ˵ˣǾǾʮ˰Աߵ߻ҲǵһҼǵǰҲŸոͻʮˣٶĺܺˣ뵽˵˵ָ
ַչģʽһչٷչʮһָģ͡ȴǵоǼչȥòһܸ꣬һˣΪ֯Ҫ˴ʥء
⻰ܲȾˡ
붼ôԶôȻڳ򷿣Ҫ˵Ϊ֯ǲе̫ˡ
С࣬еܲˡ
ûôףֻǳڣķչͻܵơǵ˵ţЩǿɲɵӣ󣬹ؼǵ档
Ĳ˵Ļÿʯ֮һҪսȥ
Ϊĳ֣ʹÿڿˣ붼ǱϽɵʯĿȴǲûܼ࣬Ͻɵʯܶռʮ֮һǶʮ֮һ
ǱȻġ߻Ҳˡ
ˣ̸ˣҪһ¡ܲҽ飬ǧܳκβ
ǣ᳤֤ܲȻ֪Ҫʲôǽ飬϶ѾäĿˡ
ܲ뿪֮ǰһͼ
ӵȷеϢвһ£ξҪʯ뿪ǱжˡͼϵľŸ㿴ûУһоŸըͬʱȫߵĻʱξҪѳһСʱʱȫѹס
һСʱ㹻ˡš
㹻ˡ߻ҲǵԵЩ˷ܣǵȴôãΪһ졣
󣬿ʼȡʯȷʱ䡣

һ죬ܿ쵽ˡ
ʲݾŸˣžŸըһԤص㡣
߻ܲϵȷ˽ȥʯ
һнչĺ˳ûκε
ʼʱˣһӣöըᱻͬʱʵԵЩ
ǵ˵ͷҲš
˵һʱ򣬴غȻ̶ʮϴΡ
һ
ʶɨȥ˺üͷصѨкȺ׻롣
ֻǣԵĲǾŴǴﵽʮһ
޴𶯣ط˯ޡţҲԤ֮УǴʯĵطξȻˡ
һӳôޣξҲˣǵһ
ģôͬʱôޡ
ξţٵķһصѨ
Ҳжˡ
˵ţȵĳ嵽˴ʯķ䡣
ʺ߻ʣǱΧΪǰѷ磬ȷ˹
ã󷨻Ǹ󷨣ûиġƿ󷨽ȥҪӵʱ䡣Ǵʺ߻ʡ
ʺ߻ʵͷ֪Ӻܹؼ
ʱһһӵĹȥû˹ֻǰ󷨺Ȼһڡ
ˣ
һϲȻԤƵӻʮ롣
˽ȥһӾȰѷŵʯߣȻǶʮһռָһѾץС
ʶһһɨ
Ǿˣֻ澹ȻĶʯһ£Ӧһڡ
ڶռָҲһ
ռָҲˡ
һֱ˵ڶʮռָڳ˱仯澹Ȼȫ龧
Ŀ࣬Ҳʮңʯʮڡ
̲סǼЩһ𣬾ʮʯĴأõʮڵĲʯˣķˡһԲ񾳽飬ҲôĲƸ
һռָ
ռָǵõġ
һðɣ澹ȻȫһڿСӺʢʯĲ
ĿҲ٣ʮס
ЩЦãʲôջôһڿСӾһһױԴǲҲǼޱȣóȥҲǼֵˣ϶Ҳߡ
⡣
Ժôʺ߻ʿǳѯʵ
ˣĨкۼ뿪ǵֻһᣬ˾ʧӰˣû֪
ߺʮ֮󣬿طصСӳˡ
˿ޱȵƣڿطصĵطĺúõģиȴ˵ξҪòƨƨߵ˹


1424 
һ·ſڣҪȥ
Ǹ˾ȻԱ˳ǲ˼ӳոǱ߳飬ξٴæȥˣʱûռˣ㻹ذɡ
⻰ֱҪˡ
ʲôˣô
ã֪ˡȻŭȴҲұֳȻתͷˡ
ʱ΢΢һЦȴѸٵʧ
ȥת۾һСʱξ껨һǽл
һߵصѨʬ壬ξˡ
ϰߵ߽˴ʯӣ͵أȴǷ˲ԡ
ƺһЩ
ϸȥɫȻ䣺˭˭͵ʯ
ܴ󣬴˷ԲһЩ¼ǸоĤۡ
ڿطصĵطѾס͵ʯļٵģ
λʿҲǺ±ƣǴʯӣһֺǿػô˵²޷ƿʯʧˡ
һ֮УǱֵĺƽ
Դ˲⣺ξ϶ϲ飬Ͼçɽʯ󳡰ջɣһ²ҲѳеΡ
ʺ߻Ҳǵͷ
뵽˴εջȴǾֱ̫ˡ
治澹ȻʮĲྦྷʵڻ̾
Ͳ֪ˣݿϵĹ涨ڵ龧ͱ龧ÿս龧Żôࡣ߻ʽ͵
ţ1龧ȻԶһ10000ʯͬ龧ļֵߣ棬ֶһֹ100001ԭ򡣿սɵĻ龧ȻҪʯҲǵ
˵ŵʱܲҴҵ˹
᳤ˣʯʧˡܲѿڶ
ҸոˣʲôšҪֲ͵ģô΢΢һЦʵܲЩܲٱ˿Ҳµʲô
᳤
Ȼ㶼µˣҸһôЦЦ˵ţֻҪ˵У͵ʲô鶼ûз
ܲ⻰嶼ڲ
ģȻġ
ǵĻ᳤ȡʯȻǰס
Ҫй¶ȥҲҪ군
᳤αôأ֧һõʯϽɸξٳǵ١ܲǲ⡣
ڻڷչ׳ʯ;ôʹáεȡʯʵҲΪķչģѾźˣʯʧԣǶ¡㰴˵İСǵš
ǡǺðɣܲ
һ㣬Ȼô£ðɣĿɿڴʱӺáָָԼĴԣǻ֪ôҪදӡ

֪ܲô뿪ģЩµġ
ǰǰܻȥֱӸ淢ǣܻһʵĽǽӴԽ֪࣬Խɲ⡣ȥ淢ǣ˵Լȥȴа취
ޣôŸ淢᳤᳤ҲΪķչֻ˾ʱ䣬Ͱͳ󳡣ʲô᳤ġҲǻ᳤ҵһ飬ֻҪͨ˿飬ܳ׵õ᳤ΡܲţԼ־ﻹ֪ô
ʱȥξֱǷһ㡣
ʼÿһˣÿһ˽Ҳ⡣
ѱˣȴʲôûҵ
Ȼ֪ǰʯŽԺȨȵڲ֮УԺȨȻΪڿСӣɵľ˹ȥ
϶
Ȼţξ귢һϢ˵ṩʯʧϢˣûãʮ龧
Ϣһ˾޴ĺ䶯
ξ׼ˣѡ뿪ʱ͵ʯ˵͵ߵΪҲϼˣȻöһ١
ˣҪ󷨡
ؼǣ˺ܾܿڿ֮УͣǶĿˣ߲͵ߵ쳣Ϊ
ˣʮʮṩȻÿ˶õʮ鲻ྦྷ
ʱ򣬿طصĹҲ˼
뵽ǰǴ󷨵飺ѵʱ˵Լⴥ󷨣뻹ǴĶ©ãһ̰īһ龧ûٱˣǱɣٺ١ؼṩʮ龧ãôõ飬ˣ
⣬ǵԤ֮С


1425 ץ
ì֮ʵо
һΪ˴Сģܽõᣬ϶һ
һôõĻǰôܴ
Ҫȥһξٴˣ￴طء˵ţתˡ
СӵļλսʿסЩֹҪʲô
ҲǶӳʲô鱨ҪȥξٴȥˡŮ˵ò˵һеģ֪ͣǹԼԼ˶ͷ̨

ξ˿̺ܷ꣬ⶼ¹ȥˣȻһõϢûС
ôʯʧԣе
ڵһʱϢȻϢҪǴξٳǣ涼Ҫ˵飬ǸʱһȨûˡ
֪֮ǰҵʯ
ʱ򣬹ˡ
ӳ㲻طأʲôξüܲãȻҲʲôɫ
һҲЩ
ģξٴˣͻȻ뵽һ飬֪ʹ˴εʯʧ¼ûйϵ
ξ⻰ʱɫ˵ʲô飿
ǣģǰʱ￴һ˴ػʯ󷨣ɺϵǴδҲպòڣƺҲΪޱԭҾǲʲô᲻Էǹⴥ󷨣󷨸Ȼʱ䣬ҵƽ󷨵İ취ȡʯ
һ˵ԼĴǴˡ
Ȼǲ²⣬ȴȫ˵ùȥ
ξ⻰ȻǰŰʲôʱȻҪɱŹԭǵ˭ң
ξɱĻ˵֡
˵ǼǵģȻǼ̣ˣһģ϶Ƕв롣
ȻֻǶвȽϴ󣬲Ȼٱǣأʺ߻Ҳ˳顣
ξ⻰ȥץˡ
ǵסʺ߻ʶڡ
ˣﵭʱǿϢǡ
ǡʡ߻ʣߡ˳ξĵ£ҪתҶϼΪ
ʣǷʲô飿ǻװԺ
ȥȻ֪ˡӲɷ˵ץˣһ·ʹξǱߡ
ˣ˴ˡ
ţ
ξ˵ͷȻ˹
ʱʱǴ󷨣ҾԲǴ
ܺáξ˵ţȻȵ˵ǲǵȡʯ
ȡʯǣһĿɿڴӣˣ˵ʲôӳô£ʲô󷨣ʲôǴ
㻹Ʊ磬ǰۿػʯ󷨣ǱǴˡЦͿˣǵ˵ȡʯ뷨ʱ̽󷨵ǿȻʱƽ󷨣ſʼж
ƺŪǰװޱȷŭӳѪˣʯģҲûд󷨡
һЩˡ
ݺǣ˵Ҳʵ˵ʲôû󷨣˵ѡ
Ҳԣ˵Լ󷨣ɿɾʹˡ
ʱȴǣѾһˣξٴˣ֪Ҷ˵ˣ졣
ξٹ˵ͷóһᡣ
ϸһǰʯļ¼üǰɣǰûʯļ¼˵ʯģȻ⡣ʯʧԣ㲻ΪҲشĹϵ
⻰װһޱȻֵ̿ӣôûУǰһ龧ģŰ˰ʯȫ˹
˵װʲô͹𣬳˷ŭ
㣬֪ˣҵʱҴɵ龧ʯûиҴɡΪ̰īҵ龧ʯ͹ݺңöĺö˵ţ˾Ҫȴϼ˸İסˡ
㵽ھȻڽƱ磿޹ʣôңҸʯ̫Ǿξٴ˻Ĺ˵ţгϷŰ֮ɫû˵ξҲš
ʵξչֳһǿϢѹȵǾȻȫܶ
ûʲôýģΪ̰īҵ龧ԩң㲻ú˵ţǺ˳
Ťͷ˵ʲô
ɾʱ洫һξٴˣҪߣץ˻


1426 ת
ξ̧ͷȥ˵ľȻǿϵһСӳ
Сӳ֣ˣܲ˵Եܺã˶ϵ
ڲʯʧԵ飬ûչС¡ξȴ˵
ξٴˣҾܵˣͲô˵ˡܲͬʱˣȻǱ۾֮ȴޱȣƺһжƿ֮У˵ཻ֮£ǾȻ¶ɫ
ŶǾͰܵ˴ξ˵ͷϸһʵҲе쳣Ŀǰ󶼱ˣʱҪߣֻй
⻰ܲ˻֣¼Ѻھ˽
˿̵ھЩսսġ
֪ʲôֻ֪ո´һϷ
ǱֵĲһΪĶԱ
ھһƴҴˣ޴ջ֮£ˡ
ǡξ꿴ھȻʶھ
ɾʱȴǷӳӰۼʵˣǸߡǰʯʱ򣬹ôϡʱȫ̿˹ʯĳ棬Ϊ֤
⻰һξ꾪ˡ
Ҳһ˵һ©ĻΪʱھۣܲ²˵ûע⵽ھ󡣶ңע⵽ˣмˣھɵˣŻվΪ֤
ھץ
ܹ죡
ĳ޴ı֮еĸоЩ궯
߻ʱҲӳӰ󼶵ʵҲˣߣʱڳǧ㣬û뵽߾ȻҪߣһץסˣ첻ǡ
ξٴˣȷʵˣץھʱΪǹɹɱġܲ˵ѶģǷǲŰѺ͹ˡ
Ѿѣɫ䣺ģҲ֪˵ʲôξٴˣ⼸˸Իڡ
ξ걾ЩˣҲǿھ
ң˵ǲģξʵһɿֲѹھ̧ͷ
ھ壬ûлش𣬶ǿ˹
㿴ξȵشҵ⣬ȻŲھɱ㡣
ξٴˣҡʲô֪ھޱȣش
ʲô֪㵱ҿôξЦһɫԣϵؿǲô죿
ξٴˣԩ
ԩƨӳҹĿ࿴
ξٴˣҡҡ̿ޱȣȫԤϡ
ܺãʯʧԵߵϣ̰īһ鲻ྦྷ˶԰ɣǳϢˣṩϢʮ龧ξЦھأΪʲôܣ
ˣҲˣξٴˣȫ޹ġھҧҧʼݼˣ죬ӳҵң˵Щ鿴ҲҪûȻ֪ôġ˵仰֮Ӹһٿ龧
龧ξס
һٿ飬һٿ顣ھ϶ޱȵ˵Щ龧Ҽҹߣڽ죬ҿ߽Ȼ˾ͱץˣҶʱ뵽ԭ򣬿϶ǹˣҳĺ£һ龧ҵĿڡ
˶Ŀɿڴô
˵˵ɶʱһٿ龧ŭȵʱ￴⣬д⣬һ壬塣
˵ľʵһٿ龧һڿɽϣҲǹӳȨ֮ƣȻͲǸ龧ɱˣҾߣȻڿϣǻᱻھ˵һٿ龧Ѿξӹȥˡ
ݣݡŭɶҪھ˹ȥһưھɱˡ
ұ죡ξȵһӾͰѹȷ˳ȥһٿ龧ķڷѣһнʲŶ٣ûĻһٿ龧㹻㿴һǧķˡߣֻǷڷôΪĽǳˣǺжĳֵ
һ̱˵ξ꣬Ҳǻ
߻ʵ˵ǰʯʧԵ鱳Ϊ㣬ĳЩ˵򡣡ξ˵ʱϵɱ⼸ǺΡ
ûûСξٴˣԩԩѾٿĪ硣


1427 ֮
ȥ⡣ξ국˵ţѾǵˣǰѹΪ˵һɶ
Щأһϼʵ˵ȻǼˡ
ˣӦúûйϵûе֮ǰʱҪ뿪ʯ󡣡ξ국Ѿ˾
ǣξٴˡϼӦͰѹץסΪ

뿪֮󣬽нԶ
Կ˿̵ܲ󱳶ʪ͸ˡ
ܲǰûһ쾹ȻŪһ²ڹ֮䡣
᳤ǲǰȫˣܲСĴ
㰲ȫǻϴɣǳʵΪ򡣡Ǵ
ܲʿˮ֪ˡ
Լ¶벻̰ͼһ龧󷴶Լ˽ȥ
᳤ȫİš֤ܲһѾЩäĿˣֵǻۣ׷ˡ
ţʵܼ򵥣ֻҪóһЩ֤ݣһЩƵ֤ݾ͹ˡǵʯʧԵʱ˰ѹƭôϾͿ԰ȥξṩϢˣ˵ʯʧԵʱ䣬ֳǵ
ס
УξסһЩȥʱ취ξȥѾС
ѣֻҪһ£ξͻȥѵġ
ʵһǾǹûʵȡʯҪһ֣ʱš
á
˵ţȻǻ಻ʶһֱȥ
飬Ȼö˵
ʵԱվ˵쿴ȥʯĵط
ţ˵ξ꺰ȥģξԼЦˣȫǷˣѾں
ξ껹ǲžǹȡʯ
ԭҲ˵ģΪûʵ󷨶Ʋ
ǲ󷨵ġ
ţѲסʵԵĽչ
ΪڹסȻһͼ澹ȻʮطɺϵǣʮطʯʧԵʱ޳ֵλá
ξ꿴ҧгݣ϶ǰˡ
⣬ڹסĵ£һռ䣬澹ȻŴһ龧ʯȻǲô龧ʯģֻǵȡġ
Щ龧ʯϣҲξΪǹĴ֮
ȻסʱһĿռָ϶¶ˡ
Լסػʶ޷ʲôȴǸӰȫ
㻹ʲô˵
һεĵطִ͸壬ȻܵξĴź
˿̣΢ξٴˣԩģû͵ʯ
ξȴֻЦʱ㻹Уȡʯŵˣͬﶼ˭֪ƾһ˵ǲܵʯġ
ξٴˣҪңݺҡ
Ҵ򣬴Ϊֹξ֤֤ǰбⶼԵôĲ԰

֮
ĵطһĵǱ˽
ˣˡһϼ˵
Ҿ˵ͬֻǵʱͬﾹȻҹˣξЦץסˣ˵ʯҵˣҲýˡ
֮ڡ
Ӱ˱Ĺ֣ˡ
һɫ䡣
һʱоĲǸˣǺ¡
Ǻ¡
ûеʯҲûͬǾô
һ˿ϣǱˡ
ʲôˣߣҪң˳
֣˵ʲôأһҪл㣬ȻôܵȡôʯӰ˵ţѾ˿š
ˣûУ͵ʯûйϵ
ƺҲûãҽʱʩչ˸ƣҾǱûĻôֻΪġӰ˵
쵰Ҫɱ㡣ҪӰץȥ͸壬Ѳ
ҲʱһǿϢ˹
ξ꣬ˡ
ǺõȻҵĵ̵ȡʯοܡξЦ
֣ãˡӰ˵ţϳһĨݶ֮ɫԲסˣ֣Ϊ֯ܣֻˡ
ʲôסȻͿһѳ͸Լؿڡ


1428 ʱٻָ
ĵȥɣ
Ӱʱ˵ţ˽ߣʱôϤ
Ϥ
㣡
ϲˣѣӶҪĳˡ
ǣǸǵķߡ
Ѿٸ˵Ļᣬ¯תһڶһѹ˽ȥ
һм˵壬еķ򣬶Ǵ֮
Ծģͷ
Եú־Ⲩջܸܵġ
û뵽Ƿˡǿ˿ξˣڸıòξϲ
ʲôˣξŭȵռ䶼ǳһĲƣһѾżĿռ䷨򣬿ĸռ䡣
㻹ûʸ֪ҪˣҪб£׷ɣ˵ţȻһɳ죬ֱ֮С
УǷУ
һ̣ξ˶סˡ
˾Ȼ
磬ֻܷУ˹֪ġ
쵰Ҿ˵һ˲ܵʯһа֣ڿȻˣֻһ˾һ㲻ˡξٹŭһķٶȣҲһλûôס
˵ţξ׷ȥ
ξٶȸ죬֮
ǰܣȻ񣬶ܷȫԼô෨
ԼߣԹһε編ѹƣӶԼ
ҲַֻԲףҺܺķ
һ·ɳۣת۾ͳʯ
߲ġ
ξںȵҲһ·Ŀ񱼡
룬ԽԽˡ
ɾʱǰȴͻȻͣ
ܰôˡξЦϷŰ֮ɫ
ΪʲôҪܣҵˡ˵ţֻ³һŰ׹⣬ʲôһ㣬Ȼͻأʧˡ
ȫʧˣһϢû¡
ξɫ䣬ѸٵǸովĵطȴǷֵм鱻龧
ô£ξˣʶŸÿһĵطûзκε쳣
һ㣬Ŀʼڵء
ֱһٶףûмǵӰӡ
ܣⲻܡξ߬Ǽ鱻龧ѵʲô󷨣ˡ
ˣǸС͵أϼڸϵˡ
ʧˡξѸղŵһϼ˶ɵˡ

֮
ξ걻ߣһµĹߡ
أҲһµСӳ
˶֪Ѿ˽ˣϾʯʧԣҲҵˣֻǱߵʯȴҲ޷׷ء
Ǵ˿Ҳ뿪ǳ磬صڵ档
ڹؼʱξٹʵϵͳͻȥˡ
һˣֵˡǸܵԺȨȵĿռ棬ǶѳɽһĲʯͲྦྷ˶ֺ
׬ˣ
ȥʮ꣬ãŸոһѡţƻĲࡣ
ˡʱϵͳ
ʲôˣסЩ֣ѵʮ꣬Ҳԣʵ˼¡
磬ʵҲȥʮꡣϵͳ
ʲôʮһʱôȻԼϵһ
֮󣬴һԹʱѾָϵͳ
ǺǣTMں˵ʲôһԹȥˣǼֱҪˣֻǴʮ꣬һ꣬Ϊȥһǧ꣬ʵǹȥһ꣬ǳƹϲ˶ˡ
ǸһԹ򲻻ѣڳʶ
ʶ˵ǳʶ

Ƿŭ֮һһ°ɣΪʲôʱٻָ
ʱ䷨ת߷һеĻϵͳǳС˵Ҳʱ䷨ַΪʱ١ʱ侲ֹʱ䵹ʵϣ汾Դ޷ʱ䵹ˣܼ򵥣ΪѾ޷ģʱԶֻǰ޷󡣡
ʲô˼ұС˵ƭô
ΪϾʵǲһġ
ǲòϣ̫Щ뵱Ȼˣʱ䵹޷ʱ侲ֹʱأ
ǿԣȴҲѣʱ˵ʱ䣬ʵ漰ܶණĳһʱ䣬ĳһ˵ʱٵģʱʥģڵ壬ûʱ䣬дڶΪ޵ġԴʵҲ޷ʱٺʱ侲ֹҲֻһЩ飬ԶԼ磬һʱٻ߾ֹñϵͳЩ磬ҲޱȺķģܼٵʱҲǼޡ


1429 
ǵ˵ͷ˿Щˡ
ǳ֮Уħʱ䣬ϵͳмٵģʱ䣬ϵͳҲΪΪĿռ伫ȹ̣˱أڣϵͳҪʱ䣬ķѵ൱ÿȼһϵϵͳ
ԭҵڿıɽһôǵ˵ţ˿̶ϵͳһ֪
ҵĴںܺ棬⣬վһῴҵĿһҪھ̽ңûκκôϵͳȻ˵һ仰
ðɣֻҪ֪Ƕ޺ģǾˡЦЦϵͳͦõģһЩС˵棬Ĩɱ֮ģҲ֪Щһô顣
ϵͳǲڵġ
ҵϵͳѺõģϵͳĿ˺氡
ˣʱٻָˣǳٶָˣѯʵ
ǳ磬ʵһǣѧԺѧﵽλľ磬ǸͻԶֹͣʱ١ϵͳ
֪ˣȻҷ֪ͨǵ˵ͷ
ʱֹ֮ͣκҲⷽ磬ǰĽơ
ţ⵹ǲھܻȥˡ
ǵġ

룬ǻصǳ硣
һһأǳ绹ǹȥһ죬ҲǴѵıҪʱ䣬ǰҲˣһ֮󣬲ܵڶν롣
ٴλصʱϵܲˣʺ߻Ҳڡ
˿ܲǣѾһĴڡ
Ҳûô鳹׹ȥҲʮ֮Ϣ뿪ˡͬʱܲһڵİ滮һڵ귢չ滮ǹġ
ܲ滮֮󣬸оʮ㣬˷һ㡣
ڵѾˣΪ֯
һ룬Ǻܿµġ
ѧԺ֮С
пմѧԺ飬ϸһѧԺˡ
Ϊʮ棬Ȼȫֵܵĸս
˿̣ںӴϵ
ֻɱһλۣⶼɱĵλ˰ɡһ׵ĵ۾˵ţĽ
˭˵ǣϴκѧԺԺǩЭ飬ĵ۾뿪ںӴϵЩ۾Ҳǽƻ͵͵뿪ںӴϵȥ֮¾һƬȴߣҲǴ˲Сѡһλ۾
ѧԺԺ˾Ļˣֳһۡô˵۲ϵѲںӴϵЩۿûô׳
ǰ廹ڳߵЩͻȻֵһۿֻܻȷ棬˵
廹Ĳǿ϶ǿһʱ˺Эʱ򡣡
ˣһܲԶˡ

һŻߵϡ
ĹתʼϵΧ
Կ󲿷ֵһĴԪ磬ϾûʲôɿռģȴܹͨһԪ磬ȡ
磬ǸϣۻǹǿҶĶ֡˵š
ë´ʲôϴٸðͷôʰѺٺٵ綼ɱλˣȴֻɱ۾Ǻɱһ۰
ոǸоôмǿϢ뿪ںӴϵǿ۾֪ȥʲôطӦдж
ôסôûв
ζԷĺΣϣԼصļλۣӦֻǣǵġһֱԿ϶ʲôƣոյǸϣ˵ôʵǣֻǲԸǺԺ˼
ȷʵģȻôҪһΧǣҲֲ˺áòϣЩĴĺǿǸ֮ɵ۶ҪǿҲѹħԺһʱۣҲ޷Щһս
˵ţʱȴյѶϢ
ʲôԺˣסߣǻѧԺ
ãѧԺ˵ٶȺܿ죬գ۾ʧˡ
ѧԺ֮С
ٴμ𣺡ֵĺܲɱλֶۣ촫ɽ˰ɡ
ҲǽңҪҲΪԺڣЩ۲ҺԿɱǣҲֻöѡԵЩǫ顣
ȻЩЩԭ򣬵϶Ҳʵȴǲÿɷ


1430 ·
һҲ֪ʱٻظ顣
Դ˵ǺܵͲµôһ졣
Ҳŷǳ磬ǸҪõĶࡣ

µһ죬ܺá
ڸһȺв꼶ѧϿΣϲÿϿΣʦĵõ
ֻ֮ǰæŶԿˣһֱûʱ䡣
ǻԿʼԼʦˣһҪʦ
ʦǳʦѾ˳û뵽εľȻÿҪѧ֮֮˭ʦ
ʦԺҪΪƿߵģ൱һĴڡ˼ޱȡ
˵ĿǰǿġһŮѧðǡ
գʦнˣûġѡҰɣ㿴Ӣٶ𡭡һѧԱ
ӡŮѧ
ʱѾ˽̨һɽװԵú˧
ʼʽϿΣΪ׼ϿΣ˲ٵʦγƵ
֮׼ĺܳ֡
ͬѧǺãҴΣҪ̵֮ƶʮĸʱÿʱһСʱֶʮĸڽꡣ𵭵˵š
ѧԺĿγĿǰˣһſγ̺гʮĸʱġ
Щγ̻ظΡ
ѧѧԺһʱ䣬ȫԻѺ̵ܶʱ䣬ܰʮĿγ̸ꡣ
ˣڵѧԺΪĲͬñȳѾΪһ˵λˣʮꡣ
ǰꡣ
˵ѧǧꡣ
ѧԺʱ䣬ѧԼȥȥѰԼ·
ʼʽϿΣһʲô˽ҵģʲô֪ģʡ𵭵˵ţǽѧܾḻĦʦģѧʱҪѧǻѧǣҲѧ⡣
Ȼ⻰һһʮѧ궯
⣬⡣һѧվ
˵˿ЩԾѧЩĵ˵ͷ
ʦɷһ㣬㲻׿ãԼȴĬĬеʲôģ
ҡ
±ˣʲô⡣
ûлشڶѧվʦҲ⣬ΪʲôԼĶ˼˪ʲôԢô
ڻûжء
Щѧ治ǱʦŵԵס
ʦҴȥǳ
õģʱҿԸ㽲һЩʺĵطһЩ֮ء
ֻ֪Ǹķˣζƫ̣ƫûʲôɫȣ
ѧһ˵ţȻǺʡ
ֻѾֱӡ
ʦҲһ⣬Ǹôϲģֽô
ҲˣǴ·ϴһΣʲôʽ촩̿ô
ҪȥǸ£ǰ;ô

֪ôڿεģһÿȻȺͽ۴սһҪƣ
е㲻뵱ʦˣﶼӰˡ

һ֮
ںӴϵǵ
ǡ˵һͼݽؼʧ
ںӴϵԵפء
ԺôˣֵߣȻվŵĻʺ߻ʣҲǳˡ
ոյϢʮλۺһλλɱɽڰոǵɫϾ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻںӴϵȥôۣһһλλ񡣡
ʲôʾȵ
׼ոɽõļƷ϶Ǽ̳һؼʱڣ˵Ҫˡǳ˼š
ʱǵͨѶ
ԺɽǬ
ʲôѯʵ
ѪˣλɽĴҲˣ⻹ݣɽΪƷǬ˵ŵʱɫЩ¡
ôҪ˵ھ͹ȥǺȻһǿϢ˹
Ժ㻹ԥʲôǬŵ
˼һʱȥˡұλסˣڹȥϵˡε˿ǰλ顣
ʱ򻹹ʲôϵںĲǵôڵУֻҪܹɽΣԺ԰ؽõΪɽĳǬǺ˳
Ǭ㻹ܱǸϵҪȽǰ鷳ֻҪȷϵ㹻ȫһϸɽǵ˵ţȻ󲻹ܶǬô룬ֱжͨ
ʼҲȫǺǬͨһ̼˶ЩЦá
Ǭ˼Ժ֮ǰô˵ģǹˡ߻ʿڵ
ҲǱˣ˵ˡҡҡͷкһԶ㣬λɲ׶Ը
ԡȭͷս
ٺ٣ҲԡҲǵ
ëȥ϶ѺĴҪҳˣʵһֱʵֻΪûʵĶ֡
𣺡
е㲻Ҫˣʵϴαһ۴Ҵܵ˭
ʱѾ˳ȥ
ѧԺԺǾΥˡһλ飬ڵҽвȣе۹֮УĻĸ
Ļţϡǵ۹֮кǿһרΪţ֮ǰپž޵Ľ壬ʵǳڽĻ
У˹ǽĻѧԱ
һأѯʵ
ǴϾɳγĿģɱ㡣
Ŷ
ǵ˵ͷʵֺαأôþȻʧأʵҲòȥ
ʱȴȫͬǱҪսͺӳֵܱ䣬ȾսȷӵΪǻȻսȷΪƼΪģʽڣ֮սѾǱȻǵ棬սǵ̲ǵ棬ǵͻΪ֮е飬Ҳǿ
ô
ϸ˼ʵδǹ⡣
˵սоڵ棬һЩǿվ޺ͳ壬ʵ󲿷͵ƵۣȻҪҲָ֡šۡǡض٣СҲǴһ׵Ϊࡣ
ȻսĽȷиߵǻۣʵҲӦ汾Դ
ʵҲһǶǳ㣬ǲĻԶܳĴСһơǵҪչͱ̲棬ǵһ֮ʲô᲻С͵棬ڱǵ̵ôȼ˵ţսԭڡ
Ҵ֪˼ˣֻΪģ浽ʲôģҲֻЩܶеһЩܡǵ˵ţȻò˵ЩȴϿ˵棬ĹҲӦҲɱңסң԰ɣ
о㣬ܷӳλսǲһЩ汾ԴӦֶΣӲȵ
ߣ϶ҲƵģǻлɱģҾ˵Ӧñ·ӦüȰѧԺԺɱˡߵ
Ц
ò˵˵ˣǰȷʵƣһֱӳλս
ڣǳصһ壬Ѿ΢ˡ
ȫʩչǧֹ嶼
ҪСģֻҪ̳ɹǵˡѵȻҪǡ
̳Ȼôüͷ֪̳֮ʲôܣǽΪ˳λ飬ȫ϶̳֮о޴
ɱߵƺЩͲȲԸȴֱӳǡ
ĶҡʱȴһԾһն˹ȥ
һССĽ۾Ҳһս˵ţƴ£͵سĻȥֻǿձ飬ʱջңֱӱС
Ȼô˵ţȻչ͸ȶȻűĿռ䣬Ѹٵ˳
ĿռֶΣռ֮
ǿ΢ɲĵ˵ͷȷʵԭ֮ǿֶ̫࣬ԭ֮жûеġ
ʱֻóһ
ǺͺǲԾĿ˹ȥѵʲô
ʱȴֻѵλǣΪֱֳһս뿴ѣˢ666


1431 ֳָѧ
Ǵ˿̶±ˣ
ֱôڻ⡣Ŀȥ˶һ
ֱֻ澹Ȼʮڵˣÿǧٶڷ

̲ס̾Ҫ֪Ǹʱм˲ˡ
ڣȴҪΪλˡ
ڿǵʮ֮һʱڵǧڡʱ˵Ȼȴҡҡͷӣǲﲻԣɱ㾹Ȼֱûİ
ѺٺһЦٺ٣ڸءë񣬹Ҵк
ҺãǺ𣬳ޡ
һ߿Цãⶼʲôʲô
ոջԴǵָѣԼһ㶼ڲء
Ҷսˣ˵õ֮սأͷȫռˡ
ԺҪҪҴк㿴ˣѾϰˡ
ҺãѧԺԺǣΪֱһս

Ƕžͷ˵ţһֱ࣬䶼ˢˡ
ԶĲȫ㲻״˶Χһʲô豸²ǲʲô
˿̵ֱ档
666ѧԺԺż񣡡
ۣ˧
лүͳһҳɴ
ӭʡߡٱֱ䡣
ллΪѧԺı࡯ͳĳɴ

սڼ
˿ֳ̱սȻΪȴܻԼơ
򣬶νһзĻ򲻶ϱ죬ʵκεķֻǰ˵һα죬̫ǿֻҪסлġ
֪Ժ
עѰǵҺ㽲ô˵ҲûҲԸ

ʲôһܹˣʱӦƲᣬвھǻָˣÿʹֵʱȴǷӲȫʵٶҲһߡ
֪ˡ
˷ֹܵȥȻɶˡ
һԵĲȲţǽĻĸҲ˲ٵѧԱ۹ȴǸ޷ȡ
˵һ㣬Ȼûв
ҪСҳһ㣬Ϊġ
ѧԺԺȻ򵥣֣Ҳҿšţû¶κεİࡣ
쵰ֱѹŴ𣬾Ȼܺ潻ˣ޷ܡ
ֱ棬˶ǿļѡ
ֳָѧѧԺԺ
ʦ岻࣬Ҹˢһҳɴ
¥һҳɴʮңһҾʮڡ
Ǽһȱɨصô

ǵڶÿηǿʱؿд֮һĶٴ죬Ҳ²Ĺǲȱ汾ģȻǻۣȻǱ˵ģ޸ˣ޸ȻǺܺáԣֻҪץס֮һʱ䣬ʵܵ춨ʤ֡
ԱߵĲס֪ġ
ǣͱսȻֱˡ
666ֱԺ˵ˣץˡ
ǻۣǱ˵ģⲻ˵Ǵô
лʯͷһ˧硯ͳһҳɴ
лҪΪŮˡͳʮҳɴ

˵ģ֪ôˣÿʩչǿʽʱͻһϮ⾹ȻȫæңʽӲͱϡ
ܣôġ
һҲһԸϵǣױ꣬ʧȥǵʱ򣬺׸һ˵ţʱȴͶ
֪ӦֻȻ㲻ˣȴɢԭֻһ۵
ĻֵܷģΪʧȥǣеɱԾͺ
һ̣Ҳʶʲô
ͷȥֻһ˹ֱӴ̴·ȻȴǱʲôסˡ
ʲôףס̲
ˣһתնԴԴ
֮죬˶Ӧ
Ҫɱ㣬࣬ôܻңʱϱһޱǿ


1432 ʵܼ
һûʩչ
һҪعô
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôо˾޴ΣգҪԴվһȴĲӳϣһ˿ڡ
ͬʱҲһɾ޴ţ˳ȥ
ʱǳˡ
һУֻռŤȻʧ˿ռ֮УٳֵʱѾصߡ
ôЦʵ
ʹ죬ʹ죬ʩչղҶܻɱˡЩʡ
û£ɱģһһЦЦǽҰɣ飬㻹һЩ
š˵ͷվһԡ
˿̵Ѿȫ˼ˣȫĴ߶
һͷһ㡣
֮Դ
ʹ飬ܷӳʵҲֻһɡ
Ҫɱǣȫɱˡϵ˿ڣѾױˣֱܴ衣
ɱǡҪ񡣡ǵ˵š

һˣ˭˵ֻ
֮⣬ɱһ̫ˣһԴ۵Ϊ
ֱ֮ڡ
ԺҪˣڴ
ĺÿ죬һᾹȻǧڣÿӾҪʮڵ

ѧԺ䣬ڴһ١
лҪƽ̡ͳһҳɴ

ѾһѳԺȨ
ֱָвȡ
һɣ
ǵ˵ţһ˶Ǿˣɶ˼
һô
Ǵۣʲôô
ɱɱɱŭҪǡ
侲ȴǴȵѧԺԺԴ۵Ϊӳλս㲻һĶ֡ȻѾҲʮӵʱ䣬ͻᱻӣʮ֮ڣǱ취ɱҲҪ޷ǽжǱƲѣҲ߶
ã֪ˡͷȻ侲˲١
ʮô㹻ˡȴš
ʱͲȣһһҳ֮ƣʼ˹
û֮ǰǻ޷Ӧ˵Ĺڣȴʮ㡣
֪ʲôǴֲ
ΪǴۣǧĹ⣬Ժܶν񣬵ʵȴκһԱȵġ
ɱ
ɱ
һȭ˺Ǻӣֱ˹
ǿձ飬µ
޴ŤʱգһжҪ˺Ƭ
ڲȣһսбʣȫΪޡ
Ǿһֺǿķļ¡
úá
ʱˣ᲼ȣӰԾֱӱ
ŤʱգǺӣȻȫ壬һһ㣬ݶϡ
ôܣסžԽԽǣ
ȥǵһһȭն˳ȥһƽ棬ʱպúõأǿպúõأһжǺúõأƺһûκε
ǽҲƽƽ
ǽ⣬ҲǶô貣Ѥá
ǽ٣ҲԵöôĿ죬е
ɾһûκһ㣬նȥȻ絶жһ㣬նΡ
նϣĻ׶ȫûá
Ǿ֮ɫôȻֻλ񣬿ôᱻһһɱ
һɾ޴ΣϮˣޱȵѡ
Ȼ屻նϣǿ壬ûҪߣҪԶħ
ԥģͳԶӶݡ
㻹ȥģ
һֻץȥǴִռ䣬һץסԴ
޴תȥԴһѺۡ
Ҫɱң
˵Ҫģȥɣ
ǿɲЦһԴȻһžӨĶˡ
Ǿ
󲿷˶ΪǹģʵȻһҺ壬ġ
ٽһ汾Դʶں壬ʶƿط˼
ʶʧȥ˻Ẓ̇ΪνĹ˵ѪҺһ
һ飬Ҫ
Ȼһ֮еʶҲꡣ
ڣܸоʶţһʶֱǴ­ǵĴԣĨɱа֡
ֻǵϳһŻ棬һҽдʶҲͳ׻Ϊޡ
ˣĲ
ôҲͦ򵥡ǵòȶĵ׷
ôôǿд˿ֻһ뷨


1433 ټ
ϱǿ˲٣Ҫ˵ɱܡ
֮ǰоǣöѾ㹻⣬ڿǸǱɽһǶѡ
ǱҪǿѾܴﵽλĳ̶ȡ
һôƭȥɣǰļһһһ飬ֻαװĺöѡ
ֱ֮ڡ
ҺҵС鶼ˣԺոǻɱһô
лͳһǧҳɴΪԺcall
ˣҵԺҵϥǡ
666
ȻʲôûǸоӡ
һڽ䲻˵ĳԹȺڣɪɪ

Ĩȥʶ֮ǰγһɫ⾧壬Ө財
̺ķ򣬾һݣ۳ɵݺ
ַǲ汾ԴҲ˵ǱԴ֮
ܵõһö񣬰ϢȫȡˣʵǿԳġ
ֻǶһЩ͵ߣΪ̺֮ķϢޱ£ñһĻˮƽȥǻѱʱ䣬Ҳݡ
ǣһ
ӵ漶ԣ˺Ķƾ漶ԣȴǿݳõֻҪԸ⣬϶ܰϢȫˡ
ò˵漶Եĺôֳ
̣
˵ţ¯
ֽ׶ε¯Ȼһ¯Ҳһ¯
ȥԺ񣬻ķϢ
ȶ԰ɣҲ鿴ϡĻǵ۹ѧ֮һ˵ÿһѧĸ֪ʶԨ֮ˡҵʵոҲˣǺѴѵġҿԲɱ㣬һĻᡣǵ˵š
ʲô˼ü
ѧԺһ˰ٴѧԺȻǽ壬ȫʸΪѧԺʦ˵ҴƸ㡣ǼòȾˣֱҲˡ
Ƹһ飬ûУ
ǵаƸһ嵱ѧԺʦôţô
ûĻ˼ȥѧԺʦɣȿǣƺȷǲԴͿˡ
ǵͷ
Ȼġţ̲סЦѧԺԺôҼԭס񣬵ôģһǵһǽһȥѧԺȥؽԺѧԺעΪһΰĴڡ
Ҳôõġһ㶼ǫ
ϧעǳˡתͳɣɱңûôס
ô˵ţһֳֻŲץ˹ȥ͸ؿռ䣬գ֮£һߵʮСУȴ˲Ϊ촷ۣǹҲһץӲץȡ޷Ӵܡ
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ȴһȫ߶Ǻ嫵ӿγһӲסȻЩΪһһն˳ȥһ֮£ձǲɴģ޵ģǴ˿ȴγ粣һľ档
ʵ򣡡۾һе˼һ֮£޵ģʵʴڵģɣƣ𡣡
˵ţ߶ǿѹȥ
ǾѿںĲȿӴܡ
Ӳġ
һֻռ䣬档
̳ң
ȴ˿̴һ̳֮һ貹â
һ֮⣬֮⣬ЯĨɱһеֱǶ
˻
һջȥɲӲ̳һ
ʱ򣬲ǳûѳ
ԺòˡЦмӣҾҪȥˣ֮ټ
ټôţ˿Ǽ̳ЩΪӡ
ʱȥ
ֱ棬˶Ϊֻˡ
ټˣԺȸܵӵǣ֮һ䣬ɽĽˡһǰ;ˣûΪɽᣬѧԺ뿪ɡ
˵ţĿռѿ
ֳһƬ嫵磬һ
Ǿӡ
΢΢һЦ˽ȥԺϣǻټ֮ա
϶ټ֮գҲԶˡ˵ţȴһ˵ľٶȻ͵ظ߲Ҳǿռ֮У˵Ҫ㣬߲
ռ֮еĲȣѾĿɿڴ


1434 ϲϲⲻ
Ȼ׷ˣûС
ģǰռ䣬ǿռ
ûзûκελϢǺ·ġֻ˼ռȴǼ궼ȥˡ
ԺôǸӣӵָ϶·˵ţٵƶ
ǿŲȵӰٶһ㲻Ȳ
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ȣ°ɣǵһץץס˲ȵֱۡ
ԺǺαأǰռ䣬һ˽ң㾹Ȼð׷ȿЦţȴ۹һǿǵơ
˵Ҫ㵱ѧԺʦڿЦǼ˵ţԹɣǽӵġ
ǿаӵĸ֮£ҲǳҪȥģס
ģа취
ͲҺƣǽ壬尡
ƣʵôôˣֻҪԸѧԺʦȻỤȫ
ĵȷȷǸӣ
Ⱥٶȸĳӷȥ
ǿһȭ˲ȣⰵռ䱾ˮһһȭȥʱʹռ䶼
ȱţĴҷɡ
ҲһǾͨռ䷨ȴǺܿؾͻֿռ
쵰֪֪ڰռ߶ǿռȼǺ˳֪ռĿ£ǰ𣬾Ƿʺһʻײ޴Ȼȫʧ
ռĿռǡɱУҲһ
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˵ţɳȥһס˲ȡ
Ҫѣȴȫܡ
ټԺǿˡЦţһקǳԶת۾ͰѲȸȫסˡ
ȷŭޱȣҪѡ
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ȸоһɿֲ壬ȻֱӸĸӦ
ˣҲ
㾹ȻֶΣ
ɵˣŴ˺ƣ볢һ£ڿȷƵʸûС
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ⶼˣͣ˽ŲһŲȡ
ߣǰռ䣬Ҷ֪ڵλãҲѾ뿪ɽˡЦʵҿҲܽˣܸоӵָһô
һӣڡǵ˵ţƣ
һ˺˿ռ䡣
ǳȥ֮ȴҡҡͷΪ֪ΧһҲûκ顣
̫ˣô򣬿û˵ĵطࡣ˵󲿷ֵǻ֮أ滹ڲϵسţÿһӶһϵȵ
Ȼ֪ʶԨǵΪҾͻزȥˣеǰ취
˵ţٴν˰ռ䡣
ȻȻϥ
˵ţЦǷô
žˡҲ᲼ȡ
ʱȥһ֮
¶һЦݣˣҾ֪Եġ
˵ţһȥ
Ҳˡ
ֻڰռ֮УһŮڿٵƶǾȻǷУ˲ơ
ôڰռ˲ƣⲻܣȵǺ˳Բ񡢴Բ񣬲ԣѵ񣬲Ȼôڰռ˲ơ
أŮӵߡ
ȿŮӣη壬Ůӵֶŵˡ
ɾʱֻǵţˣҪٲ治֪ôȥˡ
Ůӣ˪
ĹԳ涴Ϊ壬ȫҲǴӰ
ڱ˵ռΣյģǶ˪ȴǿ
յϢҾˣ˼ʱձǡ˪λأץķ²
ǣǡȾˣһڰռ֮еŮӣȻλԺţûа
ϲϲⲻ⣡ǿŲȣ̲סЦ


1435 ཱུ
ˣΡ
ⲻǴԼô뵽Լող²˪Ϊʵѵ
ʱ򣬲Ҳע⵽˪ΪȻ۾綼ɾһŮӣȻĽ밵ռ䣬Щ
֣ڰռ֮˲ƣݰѵǰռ֮е̲סѯʵֲ²ҲǾ̸֮ˣֻǰռ֮е̫ϡˣҲû˪ġ
ǵǣĹȽ⣬԰ռİΪʳ֮еṹһռ䣬Щη֮绢İȴ׵زݺա˪˵ţһŰ۳һ
˼̫˼ˣȻĹôֱδżδʶˡ̲ס̾
ģϹĹ˪ЦЦ߰ɣҴǻȥ
áǵͷ
Ժ治ȥӿʵѾûԶˡȳ޴ĺӲ֪ڹ꣬һЩǿﲻϵţǰӵԴͷȴһεĴ˻
ôһһȥģڻʱ򡣡ҡҡͷ
߰ɣ˪˵ţѸٵ˲ֻһĹ򣬾ȻѾصɽ
ÿ죬ֶΣֻ֣Ҫ밵ռ䣬ҲͰȫˡٴξ̾
Ȳûصֱȥɽ룬Ҳ֪ɽôˣܼķΧ֮ڣԸɽ顣
š˪Ӧڰռ˲ΣȻӰռ˳ɽǣ֮ǰΪѧԺһʱձǡ
ǵͷʶѾɢ˳ȥ
ֻڵǣѾһƬţеȫʧˣҲΪһǡ
ɽʮҵ֮һﶼˣǳɹˡ૵Ժɽ򣬾ûкý
ûкýɲ˵ġǵо仰⸣ҿǽȻɽ򣬿ɽһѣҲ̺ž޴ĻԵɽܶɹ˴ΣȻӭһɱ䣬Ӷһɳ죬Ϊ֮ⶼŵϺŵ򡣡ǵ
ǺǣۣӱЦǲҰοˡ
ǾĿԴɣ£㶼ҪѧԺ㹻ʱȥ֤˵ĶԲԡǵ
ӶҵٻԽԽǿˣһᱻǿӣסġЦ
û֮еô㣬ҸոսǼ棬һϢ֮еѾˣЩۺһλҲСʱǰȫںӴϵ˪ʱ
ôҲûıҪˡǳ˼һ£߰ɣѧԺ

ʮ֮Ѿ˵Ľ
ץŲȣӰһͽѧԺ֮С
ô£ȸոսѧԺɫǴ䣬ܣӶҵٻ֮Ȼʧˣģ
ӭѧԺǵ
ѧԺȿ˿Զһ޴ŻдѧԺ֣Ԫ磬ﾹȻһĴԪⷽԪӶҵĸôѧԺȻһԪ֮С
ˣϧûЦЦԶ޷뿪ˣڻΪѧԺʦô
ǽ壬ΪЩԭסʦЦ
û£ĵԸΪѧԺʦǵͲȺĵ
ˣոսļ̳ˡ˪Ȼڡ
ҲյϢǿ˿ԼͨѶʮϢ
ʼˣʽֿʼˡȴЦ˭Ҳ޷ֹĽŲˣԺ֪̳ӵʲôôԶ޷뵽ġ
ŶӵʲôܣǺ
̳ӣ֮еĽ飬ֱӽٹȵ
˼ǣԺԴԴϵĽ岻ཱུٵ֮⣿ס汾Դôôֱӽ٣
ƣǶڴֱӹ飬Щһ·Ϲľ룬϶Ҫ߶Ȼ˭֪Ҫܸϻǽļ̳һǴӼ̳ͨһӵĳ涴ǽĲֻҪ涴ܽ٣ȫҪ߶Ƚ͵


1436 
ӻѹΪʵǿһ˲ƻġ
ֻʵ̫ԶԴ۵ΪҲҪ˲ܻһ¶һ˿Ϣֻ汾Դǣȥ֮еĲȥ֮ĳ򣬼ǲܵ飬Ҳûɵ
ڴӰռ侭Ȼ̻Ҫʱ䣬Ǵ۶޷ݰЩݰҲֻܴ߶ͬᱻ汾Դ֪˵ռûзûκελϢһ˽ȥҲ֪ߡ
ĻǾˡ˪ЩһĽ鵽֮⣬Ǳ˵ɽ򣬾ܱߵҪܵѾɽˣѡ
޴ѣ˵Ǻƽ١
ȻҲ֪̳ԭҪһλӴ͵֮⣬ĵȻǾ޴ģһλ顣̳ôǰɽǵ۹鶼׼ˣ֪ܴͻླ顣˵ʵԽǿĲ飬ԽѴͣҲʲôĲ鶼ܴͻֱӵ˹ؼɫѾˡ
ԣ뷨ܼ򵥣ӦȴͻһЩ飬ȻЩ׼Ӽ̳ܣ˹ѩƵģȻ֮е鲻Ͻ٣ʵҲԽԽǿռʮ򶼲⡣Ǽ
Ժǻ۳Ⱥһ۾ͿĹؼȶ̲סҪΪǵˡ
ŵ飬ʵֻҪֹǽ׼вҲͽˡҡҡͷˣЩʱҲżɽ֮е鶼ˣʲôֶ˵
š˪ͷ
˿̵ɽ
Ǭһӣӽ׹ţɽʮԪ֮ǰһǰӵĲ顣
׹棬ˣѧԺʵ̫ȻɽΣȣʱϻɽˡǬ޺޵˿̶ǵĺ⣬Ҫ˽塣
뿪ʮԪѣɽȻһǿĴڣѧԺԺλսΪֻǴ۾ô׹ŻɽΪһƬ棬ȻҲɲǬһɥʧǡ
ǵģѧԺԺǼúܣԴ۵ʵȻܷӳλս֮ǰɱ˽һλλ飬һλȵλ飬ǱȽӡǬЩҲǼ϶ܲ鵽ϡ
飬Ȼܷӳ鼶ս֮Уǲ顣ò˵ѧԺԺԺǱ¡ɽӲȷʵЩˡһǴһᣬֻҪԸЧɽʱҲͼ̡׹ŵ˵ţѾö⡣
棬ôô׾ͷŹѧԺԺǬЩ뵽ܵ裬޲ðֱӸɱˡ
Ҫɱ۾ѧԺԺʵֵ硣׹ҡҡͷһҷϢѧԺԺ˵Ҫ̸̸ľƺܲã˵Ҫٺһ
棬ѵһ˻ݻٲ˽̳ɱ˽壿Ǭ
ĻӦÿԡڸոգ̳ˣѾоһʮλλѾˣЩλɲЩӶûȥһľǲ߶Ű֮Щ񡣡׹ɫأңȻλ飬һƬ֮ҶΪ汾ԴĸӦֻҪӳλʵҲᱻ汾ԴӦ
Ȼҵߵȼ汾ԴıǲܷӳȫʵˣǬѯʵ
˵˵ıﶼ̫ˣܻȡġ֪Ϊ˻ȡһƬ֮Ҷӣɽ񹬸ʲôĴô
ʲôۣ
һöλ۷徳Ĳ񡣡
ʲô
ŵ˰ɣɽ񹬣λ۷Ҳֻʮλѣһöλ۷徳õĺãȫһλµλ񡣡׹ŵ
ȷʵ̫ˡǬ
ˣȥϵѧԺԺɣڽ̳۵ҲľˣܿͻжǵʱҲˡ׹żȻǬȥˡ


1437 ͷ
һȶ
ΣĳѾˣϵûܵӰ졣
һֻΪѧԺֻҪѧԺϵǽĽء
ʮ졣
˵ȥһˣɱһ׵Ľ۾һֻȻҦ˹
˳ֶΪѣ㲻ʲô㲻Ҳɱ˼׵Ľ塣ЦЦȻ˿ҦƿƣⲻǶʮһͳͷʱڵĹę́ôڶ˹ǰʱиһٶҲһƿû·Ϻȹˡ
´Ҫȱƿңҵļһ֪Һúû˸ҶˣҹŻмǧƿءҦܵ־͸ˡ
֪УҾͲȥˣһƿ۸Ҳû˭ˡ΢΢ҡͷ
ѧԺ֮ǸʱڣѾµʷѧ϶Ϊ¼ԪĿˣǸʱڵĶĪĳ˼۸ǰʱ䣬ҿ˳ǸʱһʱǼһ񾭲ϾʲôȻǸʱڵǷŸһǧ͸ɰͰ͵ģһҪʮҡҦ˵ЩЦ
˵ˣҲû°ɣžƣʵ
Ҳû£ȥһǳ磬㵽ȥǸǽһһ𡣡Ҧֱӱ⡣
ǽô˵ͷȷһĺõطѧԺߣҲﲻʲôæǾһȥˣûҪһԣ
Ҫʲôԣǻʲô˼ҦЦ
ðɡΣӦҲʲôΣա

ԺǬţ˵Ҫ۵ѾˣǬ˵棬ɽĻңӵһ顣ֽ׹ţķ߷Щ
Ŷ׹治ȥ˽壬ϵʲôĲ㰡ЦЦȴҲ˹ؼô˵˼ҲǴӹˣҪģ˳㿴ʲôֶΣ׳һЩϢ
˵ô˵Ҿ׹ѧԺϾǬȵʱǿֱˣ֮ǰͽǩͷЭǬǺܲ⡣۲޵ĵ
׹۹⣬ǱѡȴǵʱͲҪϹ²ˣҼ˵

ĳǺ׹ȷĵص㡣
ˣ
ǸովǱ߾ͿһӰͻȻ֣ӰΪһ⣬֮С
תۣǰ
ܸܵ׹Ϊǿ
Բλ顣
ʮа˾ţһλλ顣
ѧԺԺ׹ſǣƽ棬ûϢûϢȷһ۾
۾ǿҲǴۡ
ȴܷӳλսǾĺܿˡ
ҡǵ˵ţһһΣԵȥ
ռ֮׹Űܲεһû£ˣѧԺԺҪ֪ǶԼʵţǸԴ󣬶ӦǺߡ
˵ţ׹Ҳһ
һȫй֮ɵӣ̺ǿ
Ȼ߶汾ԴӦֶΡв²һҪϢ
֪ҪңΪʲô飿ǿżɽ
ɽһԴΪȴնɱˣ޶áʵԺ֪ܲɽĲǽӣʮа˾Ŷɽ񹬣ɽ񹬵ɽһɽ档
ɽ񹬣֮еС
ǵȻ˵ģԲмڱչسԲ֮
ླ״Բɽ滹
ô϶ҲҪӵģһ˽ӿǺΣյģҿԴɽ㣬Ϊ񹬵һԱ츳뵽֮󣬿϶ᱻص˵ܻڹӵݡ׹˵ԼĿġ
ң̲סЦˣձˣǷô
ǵģɽ񹬿Ǻܰϧ˲ŵģʸ񡣡
Ļô
ɽ֮ǰȴҲҪһĳ⡣ֻҪΪɽ꣬ɽʹʱˡ׹Щŵ˵ţʱ䣬ȡһǿɽһԶǰ;׬ˡ
˵ô̲סЦˣ׹ǲԽбΪʲô˶ϡɽ񹦣ͷ˰ɡ


1438 
׹ſЩӣЩֵôԺ⣿Ժ֪ӵɽ񹬣ЩײλɶҪΪɽ񹬷ܻ꣬һɽ⹬ӵݡ
ҡͷ׹Żˡ
ӣΣأһǿĿɽĺҪ
ɽȻСڹĵҲ࣬ΪݣҪɥ
֪ôȻ׹ĺãڽȥ첻ݡ

ˡǴ׹ŵĻ׹棬ÿ˶ɽ񹬣˵Ҵˡ
㲻Ը⣿׹ɫˣܿڸȥ
ǵģһˣֻԼѧԺԺһӣҲ϶ɽ񹬡ֱԵ
ô˸־Ǿˡ׹ҡҡͷֻԼ֪ǶôķŭȻôֱӾ;ܾ룬һ˵ɽ񹬣ڴɽ񹬵
˵˵ɡ룬ת˻⡣
á׹ŵ˵ͷԼֳκεڲǰ֪ԺоûУһʮλλ̳ͨĿռ涴ѾںӴϵϽ֮ǰһλ飬ʮλλˣһɺǿ
Ӧλɣʮλλ黹Ķ֣ЦЦλλžԵƣһʮС⡣
ʹˣ֮ⲻӣҲ޷ӳȫʵЩӹ˭֪ûʲôرֶΣò׹ŻȻԺʵΪɽ򣬷ףһ֮
Ӧõġǵ˵ͷӦ֪ؼǽ̳ݻ˲С
Ȼа취ݻ̳ǰǱ뿿̳֮ڲС
֮ڣ
ʵڣλȫһѴݻ̳ҲǴǱߴһգⶫ뿿̳á
̳ڱ屣ĺܣɲô׿ģȻôģȻȫ档ʲôʱж
粻˳٣ʮ֮ڰɡ
Ҳá
룬Ҳû⡣

˷ֿ׹صɽ
ôˣǬʵ
ѧԺԺܲϵΪɽ꣬Ҳ˭֪ȻֱӾܾˡҲǺʱһҪݻٽ̳ʱɡ׹Ż˵
ѧԺԺֻһˡǬ޺޲ƽ

ѧԺ֮УڱĿ
Ժô׹ô˹
ôҾܾ룬ʱԵĸоɱ⣬ܺõǬȲϵġʱĻȾɣɲʲôвǽ̳˵дݻٵİ취Ҫ
ܴݻǽ̳
ţʵҲһλ飬ǴӴʲôǶ
ԭ֮ϰˣҲýˡ
ǰ壬úС
Ǵʲôʱж
ܿ죬˵ʮ֮ڣҪȥ׼һҵˡ
Ҿ͵ĽǱߣҲʲôصֶΡ
˵׼ĿǰҲֻˡˣǸأǽѧĻĸ˵֪һЩĵƣ
ˣһβüλʦȥȰûƵɱˣҶȥȰˡ
ôǻԽĴϣȽȫˣ˵ͻı䣬
뿪ˡ
Ҳ˼ţﻹ©ɾʱȻϵͳ
ϲ񣬽ѧԺ֪ýһ￨װʮɷһƸʮݿһŶ򿨣ʮ츳Ƭһµ硣
ϵͳо̫ˡ
ϵͳˣһ
ǼǵҪκ䶯飬ϸ֮ǰѾˡεĻϵĻӦǰøոɱ˽λ
Ҫл壬ôͰˡ̲סЦε񣬽Ķɲ١
˵ţѾһѵĽ˳
ݿ򿨡츳ƬȻö˵ЩǺöֻҪպþˡ
ǵĿ⣬Ѿһ￨װֻ￨ƣȻ֮ࡣ


1439 ϵͳ˰
һ￨ƣ±ˡ
һ˹ӣϵͳúõʺһ£߸ĺô
Ϊʲôô˵Ϊһ￨װȻǺ«ֵܡ
ٵֱϹô
ϵͳұ֤㣬оС
ҸоĺܲƽЩʦôϵͳ
Ǻǣ⣬㻹ڣ߸ʲô«ްǸǸСĶƬǲҲµʦˣʼӶƬʦˡ̲סһ²ۡ
ڲٰϵͳĽڲٰ
ѧԺһߴʥ÷ɽ߹֣ŮҲа
һ«ޣ˽ڻûйȥô
˵ͲˣǵǰֵĶӰӵƷǿԱϵͳгȡΪʦġ˺«޾;Խˣ´еϲأʵҲûпܵġϵͳ޳ܵ˵
ϲ
ɵˣڷΧ֮ô
ȵȣ侲һ£һʱЩܲˡ
ѵԺѧԺ滹Ҫһ壿
ðϵͳţƣ˭ûԶ޵˺ô
ҪС«ֵܣûпǵȼôϵͳѾʥɼΪ۷弶ʥɣ൱Ĵۡˣ«ǻԭ֮еĺ«ֵǺ壬ܷӳ۷λʵϵͳ˿ǡ
ȵȣʵĺ«ޣɵۣ
ϵͳĲ˽ô
ҳϺ«Ǻ㲻Ҫֺôᡣ
ĲҪһ￨װϵͳջء
ҪɵӲŲҪҾú«ͦõģرáԴǵһ൱һ۷λ飬ɵӲŲҪϵͳԺҪ֪ôлú˵𶯲Ż˼ңಡ챻ųˡ
ϵͳˣ֪αԼ顣
«ޣ«ޣһ߶仨ſƣ̲ס߳һ㣬«ֵܶôˣ߾϶λʵģԺҪٻͺˡⲨʵĲ«ֵܺ巢ӳλ۷սɱһλãϾɲ飬ܵ汾ԴƣǺüˡ
˼һǾ÷Լ׬ˡ
ٻһܺĺ«ޣʵܿôϵͳˡ
ϵͳ˰
ٺ٣«޵壬ҪкϷˣ˰ĺ«ֵܰЩڴǼĽôԽԽڴءǡʮɷҿʲô
һ֣ħٲ塣ҵĸ磬ҪˡҼǵǳʥ֮еľѧħΪͨΪģԴ˴һеġΪϢ仯ٲΪٲ˹ҲԦʹٲʽԽټ޻ˣס
һֶôЩӦ
ϵͳǿиҿң⻷޵йң޵й⻷˰
ȱĹڻһ׵ûĹܡںˣʲô塢嶼ڻˡ
ϵͳװϵͳҾġ
ǿһɷ
ɫ⣬ҼǵǺ֮пͨɫࡢơࡢڡףɫӦľˮУɫﲻˢƾܹͨΪڲʮ֮ϵȼƣսʤ߸ꯣѽһϵú޻ֻ֮ùҳսƣҪ׼˳֣鱦߱ѹֱ޵ˡ
ţƣţư
ǰɷҪ֪滹аأҪǶôţƣǾҪˡ
ħĹ֮еľŴ֮һ
Ž֮еıԴѧѾ·ˡ
ܾ֮дľѧͲˡ
תȥô
еҲǵľѧ
ǧ黯ճɾħԡ
׵˰ɣôɷһģߺ˰ɡ
ǸװƷĹôϧʵ̫Ͷˡ
һʮɷ꣬Щͷ͵ġ
ɷľϲɲСǰ֣붼еСء
ֻɷǺãҲûôס
üֵߵħٲ˵ǿ˰죬꾹Ȼǰ仰ûŪף⻹ӵ漶ԣ˶ֱֹ֡汾Դ̫ˣ˿Ҳʲô˶ġ


1440 壬ô㣿
˵ôԲã츳ã̫ߵȼĹǾͺǺˡ
˻Ҫ֪֮ģʲôʲô˶ġ

պɷǿƸȻǺԥʹˡ
ƸʦôѧԺѧԺҲõô
ʹ֮Ǳ߾ӦƺѾˡ
ӭλƸʦ֮ǰǿһһµ硣
ʲôأڴ
˴νǷ֮磬Ժר񡣡
֮磿
ǲס˶ɵˣԲۣⲻѧԺƸʦ޼ʦǸô˵ܼ޼ʦˣϵͳǸɵƯҽ磬Ȱѷ޼ʦƸ
ƸƸģɶʱ޵ġ
ǣֱӽʦڵ磬ʦǩԼ飬Ǿûκˡ
ţˣţˡ
ǿǵڶûǷ޼ɣλʦפѧԺǾ׬ˡ
޼ɵʵһ㶼
ٶ񼶱ġ
Ҫ˵̫磬֮磬ҲޣޣޡϵͳЩζ
һޣҿ޸ëߣ޼ʦѧԺĹϵǿǺѺõģʲôƸֱӾͰˡٺ٣ֻҪҼ޼ʦ˵ѧԺʽν̣һܾǿ϶ޱȵ˵ôš
ѾѹˣţǾûа취ˡϵͳ˵û
Ĳй޼ʦܷɡʵ벻⣬ˣȰѺ«ǸٻԸ壬϶Ҫǳ֡
ģǾͿʼٻ
֮ǰǻǻ˺«ǵĸһô
ȫᳵ·ֻſӳǰûп«ǵӰһͯǵЦ
ȥް
۾ǿˣȻЩ
ϵͳأٳһˣ̸̸
ʱ֪ԭˣŪ߸߰ĺӣǺŪ˭ء
Ͳһ㣬ŪˣҲа
үү
ʱ߸«ǿǣѿھǵ
ۣ
ʵûסˡ
ں˭أҲûб˰ɡ
ָָԼȻͿ߸«ǾȻ˵ͷ
ϵͳһҪٺ̸һ̸үүô£ϴˣʲô
Ǹں«޵磬ϵͳȡΪүүӡ
ǺǣţƣʹˣȨô
ԾܾǰλСʦϵͳ԰Ǵԭ硣
ظƨһָǰҴء̲סȻź«ǣ¶һһЦݣСǣϴˣҲүүֻǺүүеѡԣеֻһɺϡ
ǰүүֻôôˣӶûˡͷЩֵ
үүǲϴģ϶ǻױˡ޸ſڡ
֪ˣүүӡ޿ڡ
үүǲˣʵ
үү߾ѾǴˡ޵
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1441 ƸƸ
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ȵȵȣһǸоһ㣬ǹͨϵͳϵͳҳҪͶ㣬ʲô趨ֻܳһΣǰô˵һƸʦŵġ
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1442 «޳
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1443 ʲô
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1444 ˣҵ
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νǧʲôģʵһ۵ռ䣬֮ľ󣬷ǰѡ
Ҹոչ׾뿴׹ʲôֶΣڿҲ֪һ汦ȴʲôҲ׹ҲôֶΣǱߵɽʧ㰡ǷΣǱߵɽ񹬾ǲɽ򵱻£ҿɲýˣϾϵ򡣡
ţǷٵĳɽ׷ȥ
Ǳߵĺ«ǣһ˶岻࣬ѾشҲõġ
ǵٶȺܿ죬ŤĿռƺȫӰ첻
ҪҲͨռ䷨򣬱ŤĿռֻҪٴŤָܻ
Ҳֻвռ䷨׹ţŻԵǱ
ܿ죬Ǿ׷ˡ
׹Ŵ˿ںλ岻սţ֮Ҷֻӳλ۷սһ磬汾Դ
ʵȫӣ׹źǱ
ϷձȻʵ׹ţȴҲ൱
Ҫ֪Ϸˣڿûд߶ء
׹棬Ҿͨռ䷨򣬿ձĿռŤ֮㵽ʲôܻٵ̳Ķ罻ҡǣסĸȫɴݻټ̳Ǵ׹ţǵǰõİ취ˡ
׹ǵĴѾǣȻѾ飬áǣһλ岻࣬ݻټ̳黹Լ
ԵĲǣҲǵ֮С
ǲüһ˶ԸĸҿЭģɲġ
ôλսλʵҷӳɱôס
ô˵һҪݻټ̳ǿ϶߶ƴҿɲôɵ
㡭׹ЩŭȴǿŵֻҪԸ֣ҿԸһöλ񡣡
λ񣿡̲סһ£е󰡡
ôҴ֮дģ֮ҵȼ񡣡׹żڻǴΪ˵벻ֻһһ֮ңȴ֮еԪľ޷ͻơһöλԺԼ޷ͻƵླȫתöӦķ򣬵ʱܽ˳ɾͲࡣ
˵еǵֵһƴλȸҡǳ˼һ£ش
ã׹Ӧ¶һ˿΢ɲĽƻɫ
ǲԥһͳ嵽׹ǰ
׹Ŷ˵ӳһöӨǣĴСɫλ
һץס¯֮С
߰ɣǣ
Ǵ˿ޱȵ˵ţϷˣгһᡣ
ã
׹ż̳ȥϷȥ׷ϣȴǱһ

Ϸţɱǡ
ֻ㡣˵ţһնɱȥǧ֮£ϷˣֵǽȻ׵ش͸塣
Ҳһȫ
Ǳߣ׹ž̳ԽԽϾҪķΧ֮ڡ
ҲȫǣסˣʵϷ˶ޱȣʱҲһЩԵĵط
ۿ׹žҪٵ̳ˣϷΪʲô߶һ
ܲ
⣬⡣
ˣѾ֮ˡ׹һЩ˷֮ɫֻҪʹǶһܴݻ̳Ҫ֪ǶԲģ൱ԲһһССĽ̳ôֵܵס
ôĴֵۣˡ׹źߵ̳һ˰ɣ
׹棬ȵһ¡ǵΪʱֻ׹óһǼ̳˹ȥ


1447 㻹ô
Ƕһ鿨ƣ˸ɫ˹â
ǶϵĿ̳ʱֻǶâʢһɫâҫ
˶оһļµһɿԻһе
£ĺܿ¡
ǶǲòݣĵȽѾĽףﵽףǸ߼
翨һĶ˷׭ӡӦԲ񾳽ĲȫһҲѹ׹ôšһԲȫһּ䶼һСϵǿĹٵ̳Բڻ¡ţֻǰ̳ƺ⣬Ĳǲܿż̳ٵġأҵʶܿһǼ̳Ӧþܲ鿴ˡڱǿԲ֮ҵʶ޷̽롣
ǷҲˡϷǳϷŰ֮ɫû뵽㾹Ȼ˵ʲôѾֹ׹棬ӴǷӡԲһıѾˣ
Ȼɫ
ɹˣҳɹˡ׹滹˵ţǿֲ֮£̳̼ͱٵˣһ붼ûеֵסǿֲϯȥԲһжΪУλԲƺҲֻǰеĹŨ֮ڣҲѹ׹Ҫ̳֮һжúõأĿֶҲǸĿ¡
ΪɹˣЦˡϷһɳ죬׹Ķ棬ϸһڹ֮ʲô
ʲô˼׹üʶ˹ȥȻ;ˣôܣ̳ôܻһ̳
㻹ôϷЦ֪ӹ׼ЯŻֶ̳Ρԣڵһʱ鹹һ̳ļ̳ƴ㣬ûʱֱ̳Ǽ١ȻֱĻҲһֱĳΪ̳һģһ㶼ûмֱ̳ĸҲ͵úܡ
ԭɺޡ׹ҧгɫͨ졣
ǸôĴۣôһϷڰصֶθթ˳Ѿܻٵ̳ˡ֮еɽ񹬣Ϊ㽵Ѿ˾޴Ĵۣ϶ɱ˹ԣ̳װȫˡϷ˵š
쵰Ҳǽóѵġ׹ŷŭ˼̳
̳֮עϷʱһһǿ۳ɹע壬ű׹ţһȭǺ˹ȥʲôһȭֻǵȴںӴϵĿռ䶼ǲ
ۣ׹žȻֱӵɳȥһѪ˳ôܣ
̳֮˲֪ٱλܼ̳ĹעܷӳλսֻǸոգΪթֶΣûд߶̳ѣȻ뵽Ҫϰٱ
̳Ը֮ڵ߹עΪͼʶˡ
ڿϷܼ̳ʵﵽλ񼶱ŷ©ж
ˣˡ
ȥɣϷеľ޴𣬺׹š
䣡
׹ŵɳȥϵ·Ǳһ˺Ƭ
׹棬̳ԶҪ£ˡ˵ţתҪ뿪ɲɵ̳ܸϷעϷﵽλʵǻٸ˹עǿɲһλˣʱҲΣˡ
ڲߣʱ
㡭׹ǵĻһ
ѧԺԺò˵׹ŴĶ࣬ǰ㻻׹ţܾʶҵļı
˵ʲôˣ˼ô
Ȼ˼Ҹողŷ֣һ˾Ȼɱǽλ࣬ټ߸СĺҲɱһǽսʮλ࣬ѧԺɱò˵׹ŻҪµĶࡣ
ҵĲҵҲϷݵúãȻɱǿɲסˣˣģٻᡣ
ߣôסϷ˵ţ߶ձŤĿռǸ
סҵġǵ˵ţӰȴͻأʧĲˣȫӰ
ǡϷ΢΢һѧԺԺԭո˵ֻһѣ뿪ˡ
ע⵽뿪֮ԭضһͷ
һ·«һץס«޺ĺ«Сգ˲ʧˡ

һ֮յϢ
׹˳˳ȥȴˣǴݻټ̳ʧܵϢҲ֮ɽ
һʱɽ𶯣Ļ̻̣ľԱ


1448 ɽ򣬻ڼ
ѧԺ֮Уǲûôġ
Ϊ֪нɽһϡ
ǿԳһεģнڣӡ
һ֣Ǹճ֣Ҳǿµĺܡ
˵ģĨɱһԲ϶ڻ¡
ݻټ̳ʲôģ̫ˡ
ʦʱҪ鷳ˡ룬ֱԵ
˵ȻֻһγֵĻᣬǻǽ̳ɱнɽĽ壬ȴ㹻ˡЦЦôԺջҪ߸ʲô
˵ǰָָ˺«ǣûб飬˴󹦣Ҵ㽱һ£͵Сѧ棬ȥúõ档
ȥСѧ棿Ȼ˵
ѧѧ«ǻ˷ܵغţΪʲô

Ǵź«뿪Цá
ȥݼ٣ú«ȥѧ
Ժ棬ûñȰ
Ȼһʱ뷨ôˡ
«ڻ̫ˣǺӣǲúõĽһԺԿ
źú«ǣ˳ӡǵΪǲǷĵĻˡ
Ժ칫֮ڡ
óһöλ⻹õĵһöλ
˼
ǵʶ֮󣬷Ȼ޷̺Ϣ
֡
ˣҲʲô
ֲɽңֻ̺ķ̫Ƨˣʲô˶ѧġǰֻɽ²֪ķҵĿ꣬ϡٵķ񷴶Ҹá
ʱĻ޷ķֻ˵һ㡣
ûнӴַκϢȻ漶ԣһ㶼ˡ
Ҫ֪漶ԣֻǸһϢݳܶĶ
ĲʱҲżţдѵʱ䣬ܸоǰŷӦöдá

ǼϣѾз
ûϣˣ֮нٵ鶼޷ݻټ̳Ժ峤ֱ룬һոľɽ򡣿Ԥɽ򽫻Ϊһеԭס񶼽ɱ׼аļ̳
̫ɺˣĻһǸϽӰɡɽԸЩ壬ǽֵҲ֪Ƕ֮ˡ
ɽ򣬻ڼ
ɽȫĩսٵӡ
֮С
뿪ɽĳɴһһλҪߵٶˡ
ɽ򱣲סˣڲߣϾ߲ˡ
ûϣôҲšûǮ޷뿪ɽ򣬵һ

ɽ
棬ҲҪ뿪ôǬš
ѾϢӵɽ񹬣õһǧ֮ڶвཱུˡ˵һǧ꣬һ֮ڽͻռɽ򡣡׹ſţɫЩ԰ף뿪֮ҲҪصˣû񣬶һˣص֮󣬿϶ҲҪܵͷ
Ǻðɣ棬ȥ׼Ҫȫ룬һʱСǬ
ԡ׹룬ЩҲڼ̳֮УܷӳλʵɽĽ̳ԶأЩĲ֪ûм̳ӳɣǻҹ
棬㻹ˣǬЩĵ
ҿλˣҲЩλԱȵġ׹Цˣȥ׼֮ʱҲ
ǣ档ǬӦ

ɽҪɽɽ鲻ٱκεϣ
һжˣκε漣
ɽ֮УܿǴΪǬܴɽ뿪ɽ񣬶ʱľʧɽ棬˿ʼٵһйɽҵĶ
һкûйϵ
ҲڹעŽĶֵǣڱס˼̳֮󣬲ûš
ڵӣʼռɽһЩ޽פءݡ»ء
˰ȥںӴϵѾһǧǣ˿Ҳڡ
ԣ㳤öˡ
ǿ̲סúЦЩ֪һжǰ׷ѹ򣬲֪ʲô뷨ҲãæŽ裬ҲͲɽʲôƻҲҪˡ
٣аʱͻصǳ磬ʱ϶֡
һо͵ȰˣڽڿΪ
Ŀռ䷨Ƕԣǳ


1449 ռ֮봥֧
죬ֵ˽ʱ䡣
ˡ
Ժ
Ժã
ԺϺð
һʦѧǣ׷к
΢Цŵͷ
һĹѾˡ
ڵѧԺѧͻˣǶ˵˻ٵÿ
ѧԺߵǾӢһѧڸѧУ档СѧУУĴѧֻˢٵˡ˵ĻĿǰάһȶ״̬ȻҲֻڣԤѧԺԺ϶ᳬʮȶڰҡ
ǣӦںܾ֮ˡ
ʱܿ쵽ˣˣһ飬һλ¸صʦ
Ž̨ȥٶȺÿһһӰߵ̨ϵʱ򣬿ռ֮оȻ˾ʮŸӰ
ÿһӰڱŽ֮ǰĶһ
ʦڸչʾռ䷨İأҲϴν˵Ŀռ켣ֻ˿ռ켣ס壬д⻺˵ţ˸Źâ
ǿռ켣˽֣ȥһһеĶԾʵ˵׻ԷĹ켣ȻжԷռ޴ڣеĶÿռ͡˵ţ˷׷ײĿӵʹѪļһԿռһֱܾˡ
ѧҲš
ǵۣ֪˵ждǶǴȥָ
ϲѧԺڵķΧÿѧȰѧϰÿѧԼ뷨ѧǾһͬ̽İء
վ֮󣬽ʽʼˡ
ǽνÿһΣƵԶԶ֮ǰķ޼ɺ߸
죬Ǽռ䷨ҿԺһǷĲ⣬ԺǳΪǳΪֶȷʮȷ򣬲ò˵ַӱΪҶǴһܲ˼·ţЩĿǡ
ѧҲһܾǵķ
΢΢ס
ҰԺ˼·ҲԿռ䷨˲֣ĿǰѾֳʮֶȷʮһȷ򣬻ûвꡣѾֳģͣԴƶϳռ䷨ʮȷʮֶȷ򹹳ɣһֱǳҪӺܶһȷ򡣡
⻰һɧ
ǶȻʦҪ찡
ԣνĿˣշĽռ䷨򣬲ѿռ䷨ֳһһĽ⡣ܸǸϡ˵ţʱҲ콲Ŀθһռ䷨֮ռ䷨Ĳϡѿռ䷨ǹ˸㿴
Ŀǲһˮ

ʱһһĹȥ
˸Сʱȫκ㣬ͬһܵӰһ㣬Űʮһֿռ䷨һ顣
ĺ٣±Ƶĵһѡ
⣬ռ䷨̫¡
һȷ򣬾͸ȫĿռ䷨򣬻ʮǧء
ֻĽ͵ˣ´ν֮Ҳ뿪֮ǰһڡʱҴоһ¿ռ䷨Ҳúһҽݡ
˵ֻ֮ЩصΪҶԿռ䷨ѾȫյĲΣѧԺʶʵһһһԣֻ񡣡
⻰˶ס
ڻ˵ţǰΪռ䷨ֻ࣬ռ͸ıռ䣬еռصĶ档Ҿòڴռ͸ıռ֮⣬һռ䷨ķ࣬ǿռ䷨ĺģû򵽵Ķо仰лѧϣѧԺѧˡܸ˳ΪλʦΪҽԺϣҹͬ
˵꣬˽̨
ѧʦǣ˿̶̲סơ
ĬĬͷòϽĽܾʣڿε̬Ҳֵóޣһλְܳʦ
ʱǺȻȻյϵͳ֧
ϵͳⶼܴ񣿡
ǵġϵͳͬռ䷨ʦ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵãȥѰλʧʦɡҪһʦѧԺһʮǼ￨ƣʮݿһ鱦
֮󣬼ѣ̫ˣξȻʼʮǼ￨ˣླʦǵȼ͵ģҲ൱λ񡣶һŲླŽ׵ĿƣǾһλ񼶱ʦѧԺˡ


1450 
ֻʱϵͳٴδ
ǵġ
ڽɾ⣬ÿһСĲ඼Ǿ޴ġõʮǼ￨ƣҲǽɾʦҲֻܱȵǰʵ߳һ󾳽硣ñŽɶ̫ҽɵʵٻʮǼʦʵҲǽ޽ɾ硣
Ǻǣ
Щޣ桢׼ˡŮ洡½ѹʲôģڿûϷˡ
ϵͳôôпᣬͲҶһᡣ
Եû˵
Ѿ˵ˡ
ԼǩԼʦأǲҲƣ
ûУԼȻûκƵġ
ǻãȫԵƸ߲㼶ʦ˲ϵͳˡ
ֻƺˣԼҲϵͳġ
ؼʣµԼҲѾֻ࣬нţϵͳԼ񶼺þûгˡ
֧ûʱɡ
ҪȰ꣬ҲҪȽ֮ˡ
ʱܷĵ뿪ѧԺ
һν֮󣬳ȥѧԺͼݣʱ䶼Լס˼
ƺĴʲô
ѧԺ棬ǽĺܿ죬Ѿﵽǧ
ںϵ챻ռˡ
ʼпԴٲȻҪںӴϵĴһݵء
ǾۿţôæһжͽͶѡ
ϵߣȴЩȶ
ɽ򣬷е͵ˡ塢ҶѣϵҲ⡣
ֻЩ˻ѣЩȴΪϣ˲СĻҡ
õڣڹؼʱѹһµˡ
תѾǰȥ뽪صǳʱѾʮˡ
֮ǰһν
һεĽӦҲҪһΣǰѧԺǽһν
ѧԺſڣڲϵĹţ֪ռ䷨ô֪ռ䷨ΪʲôôΪռϵôʦۿռ䷨ڵ壬㲻ɴһʱнʦʾռ䷨Ӧãһ֤漣
ѧԺϣҳѾ˺̴ռ䡢ıռ֮󣬻ʲô߽ռ䱳硣
ѧԺ͸ÿѧĶϢɴһ
ѧԺȫλ֮£˴νƿǰ޴ѧԺ֮е֮
˵ʦʾռ䷨ӦãʵǸճִݻٽļ̳ɱںӴϵĽ塣ж꼶һ棬ĳ˷ܵ
մݻٽ̳̫ˡԱһȭͷԺһҪʦһӽ֮󣬽ʦҵż񡣡
ĩˣڵȵһˡһŮˣһϢҰȥڶˡ
ѧԺܣйŶʱһÿεʦ۾
ѧԺһطĲ鲼Ǳ
ǻڵŲӦѧԺʦ
죬ȻƧѧԺǵضǣ벻ֵ֪Ϣѡ
ʵü˵ѧԺһλʦݻٽļ̳ôġ
УȻʵ۵
ۣȿˣɫƭңļ̳֮󣬾λ޷ٵǽǸճ֣ǲླĽ׵ԲˣȻܻٵ̳
Բ񣿡Цˣḻϲ²¡
ϲ²¡ס⽪ѵǴԲ񣬲ܣѧԺΪʦ
ǲḻ
ϣǾֻˡ
ٲ¡
񡭡ɣ˵⻰ʱ򣬲ȶЦˣ㵱ôƭģѧԺҪһǽֵܼڣ϶ڵһʱβ͹ˡ
ǲ¶ˣʦǲླ߽׵Ǹճ֣ǲõļ̳Ҳ׾ٵ顣۴Цȵȣȱ˵Ұѻ˵ꡣ֪㲻ţ֪ʲôôԺʦһνʱ˽ʦĽȻ֪˵Ǽ١ӦģԺϣܴӦһ
ʲôȼѿڶѾȲ۵Ļˡ
ʦĸճ֣ݻ˽̳ͶϾͽϵԺĵѧԺһʦǽʦԺԴӦ뿪˵ʱЦŲȡ


1451 һν
ӦǲӦ
ԥ۱ֵ̫ˣЩ׼
ô֮УϵĴڣѧԺԲʦֻһͨĲͨѧԺҧҧǾˡ
Ѿ޷뿪
ˣѧԺʦڣʱѾ΢΢ѧԺֺη
㲻ҵĻǾˡ
ΪʲôңӮˣϣԺ˵㻰
һΪ
˵ţ˲ȵĽ㡣
ȿ첽˳ȥҪȴһʦϢ
ѧԺ֮УסһŸһ꼶УŮѧλͬѧ֪ʦʲôΪô
Ůͬѧֵ㲻֪ôʦǽ߼ĻԪ޼ɡ
Ԫ޼ɣãҾ֪硣
ȻѧԺľ绮֣棬൱ڲླ߽׵
ŮѧĵĲһ䣬ò˲ס
ѵǽɣ
˼ѧԺѧʦõĴȫһ¡
Ҳƭңһġû뵽ԺΪѧԺʦȻֶΡǽʱ򣬿ô

ڣһˡ
ѧԺٷ֮ʮѧͰٷ֮ʮʦˣһȥˡ
Ⱥҵһм俿λá
ע⵽˲ȣŲȵķ򿴹΢Цŵͷ
һŤͷ
˵һ̣ˡ
ȻǴԶһͬһչʾռ켣һνĳֻݡ
ÿһ̧ͻһ޴ĴԪ磬һȥĴԪֻ̼仯ΪС
һĹȥǾʮŲȴǾ˾ʮŴεĴԪĴͻ
ռ䣬ıռ䣿
ƺˣֿͨռͻΪչʾռ䷨ࡣ
ļޣ־ܴһԪ硣
ıļޣҲܻһԪ硣
ռ֮ʵô򵥡
ѧʦѾ׶ò
һֱŵĲȴ˿ѾɵۣŵĿһĻ
ȻⴴͻһԪ磬ʲôʵ֪ģλ񼶱Ŀռϵ϶޷ȰѵɣⲻܡϧҵΪ̫ˣҪŲླ׵ΪһܿĵϸڵĻȷǲ
ȻڼţֻѾЩҡˡ
˽̨һڵʦѧڵһννҪĶԼףҲ֪ǶǴһ뽲
棬ʦѧھš
ϴν˵ռ䷨˴͸ıռ֮⣬ʵӦûһࡣȥ֮ϸ˼˺ܾãϵش͸ıռ䣬ףʵռ䷨һ̽Ѱռڵıʣռڵ塣˵ţԵĻоЩã
ռΪʲôڣ
ռıʲô
֮ڿռô˵е棬еĿռ䣬меһ
⣬˸оⲻһοռ佲һѧΡ
̽Ѱܣѧô
һȺѧʦˣǶµˡ
£
ȻѾĳЩؼĶЩԶ˵֪ʶˮƽ
ǽĻĸҲ֪ʶ㷺Խ⣬һش֪ЩλԲʹԲ񶼲ܻشΪѾǵͽײ漰ˡ
ʳĽо¡
Ĳ²⣬ϵؽţе˶оһ
ûܶǵÿ˾ȴǷջķᡣ
ջȻǹڿռ֪ʶֶ̽ﱾԭ׷Ѱ
ñǣ˿˼һ⣬֮ʲôǻ᲻ǳһΪĳЩһ֥ĴС˲ϵȥһɿ־ȫ׹ߵĸо
ֶδ֪Ŀ־壬˶Ŀ־塣
ʱܿ쵽㣬νʱ䳬һΡ
һεĽˡ˵ţҾصԼʱҲֻмˣ⼸ʱ棬һʾһ¿ռ䷨ڶıռļ¡
˵ţϳںӴϵͼ
˶֪ϷҪˡ
ѧǺʦѾޱȣȴ˿ȴǻ̿ǰܸմݻټ̳ô


1452 
ָָǰͼڵе˿ѾˣںӴϵͼӵе򲻼ҪϵֻĿǰѾȫռ죬ٷ֮ʮŵĽ嶼ҲѾûбκ
ѧʦĬĬͷ
ڣҾʩչռϵһЩֶΣݻٽ̳ϸˣȻֻǸճ֣̺Ŀռ䷨ܿһԺȫռ䷨ϵһкô
⻰ѧǶ۾ɵϴ´κһϸڡ
ʱٳɣֻͬʱ̽紩һĤһͨѧԺڴԪľϵ档
⻹һ崥棬ֱ۸Ŀռ䡣
֮ǰҲֻʶ۲棬ԶûָоС
ѧʦڶͼֻֿ֪϶ᵽȻ̸ݻټ̳
Ȼǧ׳ͼơ
һһ£ͼˣϸĻܱʶϵָơ
ˣںӴϵˣôԶľ뾹Ȼֻ˲ʮӵʱ䡣ޱȣѧҲһ
ҲЩٶȺúˡ
ֻǽô
ֱץ̳һ飿
һȭ򱬣
˶ĿתĿţڴ֡
ֻʱ򣬽ȴһ˶ŵĶƾȻһϣһıպһһϵؼѹںӴϵĿռ䡣
Ҫʲô
ѧʦǶɵˣȴǿʲôѾ¶˾֮ɫ
˿̵ںӴϵҲѾоˡ
ʲôڽӽҸоΧĿռѹңҪĸѹһ
Ȼܶˣҿǲ࣬డ־壬һִδйĿ־ڽ١
ˣǿ쿴
̳أ߶ֿ̳ռı仯
߶ˣѾȫ߶ˣһôûУ̳ǰֱԴһ
˭˭ǳ֣

ѧԺ֮С
Ŀÿһѧʦӹصͼϡ
ʱֻһֱֻۺȻλںӴϵƺ̼պϵһ顣
ѧǺʦǿһĻǻһվˣĪ
ôܣôܣ
ںϵѵıˣ
Ĳô֮ǰ˭뵽ȫ˵Ԥϡ
һϵôܻᱻı⣬ܣԲܣþһǻþʧǿڵӣ嶼վˣۿϾҪˤ
򲭣Ƕ򲭰˷ܵ壬ǰʩչֶμֱ֮еĶһޡ
ֲ˵Ǹıռļ¡ֻһһ֮䣬ȴǰһϵĿռάӲļѹ˶άǼʲô˵ţȹƣлʾ
ѧǺʦǿǹƣﻹסʱ˻

ںӴϵΧ
౾ںӴϵʱؽ嶯ĸ̽ӣ˿̶ɵˡ
ںӴϵأ˭ܸںӴϵȥˣһﾳŽΪ۾òʵ
ˣںӴϵˣͻȻʧһ
᲻ǽʹõʲôֶΣںӴϵ
ܣһϵҪʲôΪںӴϵԽʲôкôǶһ١
֪ԭ򻹲򵥣ȥ
һСʱפںӴϵΧЩ̽ӣòںӴϵľʧˡ
ʧ棬ʧĸɸɾ
̳Ҳʧˡ
ĽҲͬΪС
ʥʥԼĻλϣЩƣ
һ֮ڣʥÿ춼ᱬһξ޴Ļң˶ĩռʥԼȷɡʥûѡ뿪ʥĹһˡ
ȻͨѶ
²㰡㲻ںӴϵΧӽôôˣǲǽ㶯ˣʥֱ壬һҪˣʥûӱܣԸʥһ
ǵģ²ȴԵЩ˷ܣЩ㵸ںӴϵʧˣļ̳ˣеĽҲ֪ȥˣǵΣˡ
ʲôȷûƭңʥ⻰Ŀɿڴһо²ں˵˵Ƿˡ


1453 ɽΪ
Ƿˡ
ȻҲְ²ѹ̫ÿ˶֪ԼܻãŹ֡
ʥҲͲˡ
˵ģɲŰҵͨѶɼļʱ棬һ£ںӴϵĲˡ²Щˣô˵滰Ǽٵġ
һ洫ʥǰ
ʥţȻûںӴϵû˽̳ûκν塣
ѵģʥסôأŰ²Ͼ͹ȥֻҪȷ˵ģұ֤ͻƵ۾硣
һ˵İ²Ŀɿڴתޱ˷
ʥֻһͬĻ档
ȻĻǼ֮УֻһСʱʱ䣬촫ɽ
ɽһ֮ĳ
ɽһĳ룬еʲҲתϡ
棬ԺǾﶨô
ţɽһǧľ룬˵ûʵʵҲǧ֮ˡ㹻İȫﲻɽؽһް͵ȴǲˡ
Ϊʲôܣ
ûа취飬Ѿһް͵֮еĿɽɽϺܿҾͻ뿪ʱǲѹǾ͹ˣ˵ǽˡ
ɽ֪ɽһĽˡ
ԺɽһٽһȼҲܴﵽѡ
ɽҫѾһȥ
⻰Ǭʧ䣬ζҲ޷ϵȨˡ
ʱͨѶ
ˣĳˡһеڸոգһɽˣŸո뿪ɽյһϢ˵ںӴϵããǺ֮ʧˣ̳еĽҲȫˡ
ʲôǬסԱߵ׹ҲĿɿڴ
ⲻܣûܻ˽̳Ǳ߻˹Ǿ֪ĲûС׹ҡҡͷ˭ƭǻȥ
ǧȷǼ磬ѾǵضǹںӴϵʧϢ
Ǽ磿
ǬȻҲǻɣȴǼ磬һҪء
ӿƭǼǲһƭȴǸܵ顣
ֻһǼ磬Ǭ;ˡ
𾪣شڳ֣ɽĽȫʧѾȫ𡣡
ںӴϵˣǱ˴ͼ֮Ĩȥˡ
ۣǺεǿĴڣһϵʧ
ȵţںӴϵܱϵϢ·ʱƿһ˫֡
ɽ۽鷢ʱ˸о˿ռ쳣
רҽɣĳǿĴ·˳ֽ壬ɽ򡣡

ǬһϢţɫ仯ɿ졣
ģȻġ
ںӴϵˣҲʧˣ֮ĪĽˡ
ǿӵ
ǻһʱӵҪεĻȥô
ܿ죬Ǭ˾ȥ
ٺãҲһ֮ϵɽ

ͨһߣڽĽ
ֵ׾ǵ۹˿Ӵĵ۹ȴһּȻֵ̿״̬
ʮλ飬λۣʮĵ۾ȫʧȥϵ˭ܸҵ׷ʲôһѯʵ
ûܻشûܽһС
˹ȥɽȻ;˻ˣҲ˽ǱߵǱߵ׻˭һӴݻټ̳ôȫʧ
˹˹ۡ
˿ӣֵ̿˽Ĵڣڸոнʧȥϵʱ͸ǳ涴ͨԵĴһɼ产˵ϢȻֻһ˿ȴɱһеζӦǿ߲еϢһλԲˡ
ԲԲôܽٵ֮⣬ɽôܰһλ͹ȥѾǼˡȵںò׽ͨҲˣٹȥҲܣؼޱǿĴǲǻڣ˭֪ڣٹȥˣټ̳Ҳ
⻰˶սսġ
Ƭ̺һԺĻɽΪأҪ̤㡣
ǣ
һȺӦ
˿̵ѧԺ֮Уȴһ
ʦѧĿͽ뿪ѧԺǽոճֵ龰Ѿӡÿ˵Ժ
ʱϵͳٴδ


1454 
סϵͳĿʱ򰡡
ϲֹɽΪýһ鱦ʮݿһʮһǼ￨ƣɷÿɱһλۣͬʱԻһɷһͬ￨ƣƻɱʮλۣԼϵͳһݡ
ԭ
ǲЩ֧ˡ
⽱ֵˡ
ϵͳ˼
ǻǸоЩܿӵĵطɱۿԻɷͬ￨ƣɱĽ岻࣬ȴǸ㡣ʵջĻһλȫһٸˣĻˬˡ
ϵͳǵ϶һ䣺
ôõ飬û˯Ѱɡ
ֻڲʺȡǵϵͳʱĻȰЩĴ浽ǣ͵Ǵˣʱ΢ǵϢС
ϵͳ

ʱӰһ䵽˽̨ϣʦѧǶĿ
λͬѧλʦڵոսʦճ֣ںӴϵ֮Ĩȥ̳Ҳ֮ΪɻҡĻѧԺֵһ飬֮ⲻӣһлԵ͵Ϊ¾ͲҪˡ
⻰һȺѧʦǷ׷׵ͷ
ԺǶȺʦĵ͵͵
ʲôȺʦģ깫ʦ˵İԻ
ǺѧôѧģǺѧ֪ʶҪĺڡȵ͵ţһ˹Ҫǣǲֱ֣Ӱϱȥǡ

þ
֪Ѿˣڵѧ̫ˣԶ󿪰
˼ô
ҵ˼ڽʦˣܰѽʦƸʦҲٵڶθճ֡Ҫǲ͵㣬һǱ˹𣬱˵һĽ壬һԲ񾳽Ľ壬Ҳס
ⲻǵ͵ǰԻ˺ô
ǲ˵ʲôˣЩѧԲһ߰Ķ
ʱԺν֣ҵΪ˺ܶ࣬صǳͲԶˡȥҲҪ硣ߵʱ˵ܲãұ㵽ȥ
ôǵ˵ͷǺã㾡磬ʵѾ׼һݴ񣬵ʱϣ㲻Ҫ̫ȡģǺܿ컹ټġ
׼ټ棿ס֪˵˼
ǵģ֤һ˵ţ϶һĨЦ⣬ֻЦôôˡ
һԵʺ߻Ѿ׷ױͷȫûˡ
Ǵˬ
𻹲֪ʲôмǾͶлԺˣֵھͻȥˡ
ǻûȡѡ뿪ѧԺ
ںӴϵ
ոڽݻںӴϵʱʵջһѵĶ
֪ЩѧԺãоͰʮŽԼ
ǵҪЩѧԺʱ汾ԴϾ磬ĳΥ汾ԴġЩҲ汾Դ䵽ںӴϵãһռ䣬Щȫ˽ȥȻڿ϶ͱ˼ˡ
ǼҴҵҲǵıҵǿռ䡣
ȻҴһռ䣬һλ鶼ܷ֡
ûбȡߡǰսµıǣܿһĿռڣӰһ˽
ռ䲻ֻһ䷿ӴС
һȥסˣʮλͲ˵ˣȻļ˵ǽ̳ȻС˺ܶųļ֮һ
ˣʦ
￴̳ѾƳһ
ҿȼƺ͡
һУ̳ǵУעһȥֻ̳һ
֮Уõӳɣ˵ᱻ
⣬̳ȻʱԪעԼҪʮٱȫһ
Ҳֲģ̳ȻӵŽ׼ֻǱˣֻ˲׼׼ü̳ȥԺܻĵȼпܡ
̳ܣǻûȫǱӵѾǿˡ
鱦ϵȵġ
Ƿֱ˼̳ڵĵȼ۹⻹еġ
æһ൱ڸѧԺһķҲû˭ˡ
˰
ȻһѶҲһһ


1455 ϵͳţ
ǼձȻҲڣһŤռķҲܲˡ
һУձǵС
עȥȻŤΧĿռ䡣
ȵձȻйͨ
ܿɱϷʱǿʮֹ
ϸһˣձǿռ෨ƿؿռ䷨߶ŻϷռ䷨飬ǿ߶Ȼ޵ĺܡⱦ䵽ѧԺԺ϶ܴŹʡ
ô˵Ҳһ鱦
һۣǹʽ࣬ȼȴǲһ㼶
ֻԭﲻ鱦ĳ̶ȡ
Ǽ򵥵Ĵ߶һ£ҪĹܾǷУԳԽٷУҲֻܴﵽĹ١
һһС
С㣬һЩ޵ͼԵЩֲ
һͶСĹܡ
ԭСֱռ䣬ÿһռ䶼һĴСȴģΪηһЩޡǽȥޣͻСǩԼΪС˵ԼһΪս
СҲֻԭĳ̶ȡ
ҲԼۼޣһֻһ㣬ԼҲޣֻоŸ
ڶԼ۾ޣǿԼһٸԼﾳޣǿԼһǧ
ļ꣬ǰѵһ̳ܻķΪ̳ڶȻձǽٷۣһǽԦ
ļԼʮö
ٿ˿ֻʮıԴԼһЩҲһţϸˡ
Ӱһ뿪ռ䡣
ȥռɢΧĿռںϵһ飬ǲֹ
û뿪վںӴϵԭڵĵطϸϸܡ
Ȼ뽪һӵĳѾȥ˿һСʱȻ
ˣǿռ䷨תĺۼ
ǺȻЩ򣬽һӵĳֿѤܺˡ
ʵ˵ǿиԤںӴϵ淨򣬸ıеĿռ䷨
ԭʦ˵ĸıռ䣬ʵǸıǰѾڵĿռ䣬Ǹı汾Դ֮еĿռ䷨򡣿ÿһַ߾磬Ǵ汾Դתַ򣬴ӶصĹ
ϸţԽԽȷޱȡ
ǿĹʵǿǵ߸
Щ֮ǾԼľһ޴Ĳ㼶һʵķԾָδķ
򣬸Ԥת򡭡
֮ʲô
ȥЩͷ顣
һµ⣬ֵоһҲо͸ˣ޵ˡ
Ǳ˹ˣǲ˿ռʧӰΡ
ոиİ
᲻ῴˣǿںӴϵʧ֮󣬽ļˡ
Ҳɣǹ졣

ǻصѧԺļԼţҪѧǡ
ñ֮ǰİŽȣǿɶ߽׵ķ൱ĶױԴѧԺĺҪ̳
ǺǵСȡ
ЩȴԼţдá
ˣȡԼˡ
ϵͳҵԸˣϢͲҪˡ
עա
ѾһѵĶæģȰʮݿһ
ȥĽ
ȵľһ鱦ǷһӣһһϢԺޣԷ磬֣жʮһڣÿһĵӡʮĵӡ
ЩЦá
ߴϣȴǷ֮ͼһ
ݹ壬һʹʮ˴Σ򻵵˷һΣûлĿĴΣеʮΣֻС񣬶һǴڶϣе˻ྵҩͺˣƨûС
˵ʵǾϵͳѴ޻Ϊ鱦Щˡ
ĽϣҪôӡ
ţѾʮһǼ￨ƣȻ˵һš
ϸһһλǿЦá
Ϊʲô˵һλǱˣȻǽ
ǸոջǿӵȻҪѧԺʦˡ
ҽһǴ޻ܸˣ϶Ҫԭ
ϵͳţơ
̲סʲô鱦һ裬ô
УǴۣͷ깫ȴ۾ǣҲ̫ƫ˰ɡ

ô
ϵͳ


1456 ûӣֻи
ʵףϵͳֵЩﾳ翴ЩңʵЩġ
ʤߣȻԼûз񣬵ǻָ۾Ҳ˵ùȥ
깫ǻֵĵˣ깫ѧԺ磬ʵҲ˵۾ľ硣
˵ĦڶԪɵľ硣
ؼĻ֪ϵͳûϵͳϵͳôˡ
˼Ҹģ
ȥ
ڶ￨ƣμ磬Ǹ󱻹Ϊɽĺܾ
￨ƣͬǳμ磬ǸƷ֣°ɮ͵͵Ǹ
￪ƣԾ磬Ǹħޡ
￨ƣϣ񻰴˵Ǻ
￪ƣԶƬAΣĻè
һһ֮ǰŻãҲǿ˵Ĺȥǵʲô
èô
ϵͳȷǶƬˡ
ǰøոճ˺«ޣںˣèˡ
ؼǴۼĻèǰӰ
Ȼûӣֻиӡ
ϵͳҾбҪú̸̸
ʲôô
Ҿ֪èʲôȷ㲻ںŪҡ
èǻèۼʵèӵз취һλʦ
ǺǣϵͳѧԺѧԺȷûƫ
ϵͳǺѡȡʦèϵͳʦķΧ֮ڡ
ðɣϵͳӮˡ
ǻ˵ʲô˵ʲô
èˣԺϲҲˡ
ΪʲôèЩߣʲôѣʲôţʲôԷ֮Ȫʲô绰֮ͤģеСء
èĵ߲ᶼܳʵ磬Ҳ֪֮Υ汾Դġ
Ǻǣĺÿ찡
ϵͳڴ˶ҹô
ˣȰѻèٻ˵ɡ
ʱٿӣҲˡ
ٽǰɷˣ֪ϵͳɷƷʶ̫һֱڴ
һɷѾˣһȻǡƮѪص䡷ǿ硣
ϸһ¾֪ˣ⡶ƮѪص䡷ǿ֮оɻطпط110ᡣ߽䣬Ϊսһ࣬šѪºϧĳؾð䡣
ġƮѩص䡷Ҫ籮ǰͼ汾Դ108ͣáϡķʽ
پһ㡣
һ᣺ܸ١
ڶ109᣺108о
᣺108׽Ĺɡ
ͬʱм¼ط108׽
Ժ֮Щ֮϶һЩϲɫ⡶ƮѪص䡷Ҳϴ˰ɡ
ǵڶɷȻǡɱͬǿ硣
ŹĴǶϣ޶࣬ƪһƪۼƪڶƪƪƪƪƪצƪƪƪƪδ֪ƪƪ
ͬʱ滹Ĵѧһѧ䡷ΪطڶѧΪþطѧ𡷣ΪطĴѧ񱼡Ϊ͵ط
ʱѾЩˣ⡶ɱҲ۷ľѧˡ
ȼƲȡ١
ǰɷôˣǶԺɷҲ͸ڴˡ
ŵ֡¡֮硣
֡޽磬ǻȪŵ
֡ħ󷨡ʥ硣
֡컯ʥ磬ǴԲÿһ£Զȡ֮컯תָ֮컯Ǵ˹ĸ죬ҲҪУΪʳ̾һУһУǴ˹޵֮⣬ɣܶȡ񾫻
֣˲ȭͬǳʥ磬һѧһ޳ɣԽ˲ǱҪѪܹΪרŵѧ˲ǡڤħÿһȭһż͵ֻҪһԳưɽ磬ȭ¡
ڰ֡پԶƲ磬еˮˡ
ǿɷ⣬еһӦǿġ
κһɢȥ֮У϶Ҫ
һһЩպãԺҲϸжЩ˵ЩǿԲοġ
Ҳֻӵ漶ԣŸô
ǻɱˣһֹƶѾǱޡ
ϵͳĴˣҲڴĽ


1457 ңߣ
˴λõϵͳһƷһһס塷ʮ￨ƣڶǡɽǡɽʮʮԼ顣ϵͳ˵š
ǲס⽱ܿ԰
ʮֳʮ콫ֱǸܡǻ桢¬ǼͱҦТʩҡӢ塢ǳ¿츻ɡǷղ㡢ï콡ǵ찵¡ǵͨԳɡɱƸ΢ǹ塢쾿ǵСǸ߿ɡݳɡ콣ƽǲͬҦŽܡۡ챩Ǳϵ¡ǳ档
ؼʮȫʥΪ
൱Ľ۾
Ҿͨͨ컯ߵǻ췵յȵȡ
սɡ
ġɽ֮еĶʮҲǵǰ
ֱǾĸ꽣Ԫߡ诹ߡݾ̫񾵡Ļᦡϡˮޡɶħħĵơ塢ֳ̡ᦡ֡ƹ硢߱𴱡
ʮȼ͵ĽԭߵǺ鱦
Щûʲôô
ǲһ뷨ʮҲʮˡЩûôѧԺҲ֪ѧʲôʱܶһȥ񻰴˵еĺˣһηֱ͵ǸôЩܳѧĽˡ
ƺ˼
ʮԼˣﻹʣµһʮˡ
н֮󣬻ȡÿһλʦɷٻ
ֻǰһλλʦֳ
ܾƷ֡ħޡè
ʮ
ѧԺô
һȺʦĴܣĿⶼǡ
ףЦӭλʦѧԺν̣лʦҽһѧԺĹƶȣԼΪѧԺʦظʹ
ʱ򣬻ش˽λʦҺãѧԺԴҪѧԺ¹ΪѧԺԺʦҪ֪

ؽҪ飬Ǹʦǰְ
Ͳȥˣɻذš
ѧԺһӶʮλµʦѧǺ
Ҳʦѧǻʶһ£һʱѧԺԵú֡
쿴λִƷĽʦѧǺš
ҵҵź룬ԵЩԺ
Ǻǣⲻʦôһ깫û뵽ʦҲʸѧԺν̣ǿϲɺذ
깫ɫ䡣
ʦּңǺⰡʦ֣ڷܸ㣬ѧԺ֮Уҡ
⻰ô˵
˭ұȽѧԺأһʮѾΪѧԺв㻹ֻһСԱ
ѧԺвס֪ѧԺԱҲеȼѧԺźܴȨ
ôĽɣ깫Щ⡣
깫ʦԺոոҴк˵轪ʦޣΪѧԺѧԺвѧΥ͹ص
ѧ깫һһţÿɹҪõѧϿɲС
ôˣЩ֡
ѽʦѧԺˣô֪ͨһҲøӷϴʦ֣϶˰ɣߣھȥʳã͡깫˵ţޱĵŽʳã±֮С
ʱע⵽˶AΡ
ǻèAôһΪżءһ˷ܵŮΣҲǵʱѧԺеѧ֮һ
ҲżѧԺʦA˵ָָԼĽʦ֤ô֤ģʦ˵֤ϸڡֻѧԺĿǰûҴĽʦװѣѾ֪ͨ֯ŮʦΪҸˡ
AΣʦξޱȣһ۶AεĽʦ֤Ȼǡ
ʱҲע⵽ߵ
׷׾ۼ˹
AοΣǵһ˵ˣΪҿһߡ
ңߣɵˡ
ǵġA˵ŴԼĿڴﲻϵţܿͳһˣһ״Сɡ
ɵۣҲĿɿڴ


1458 һηֱ
ܿʲô
Ƕɣ֮ͻɶӦĶЧӡһѧ
ôܣһûпAζѧҡͷ
ǲģһ鲻֪ˡʱΧûһҹԵġ
ôԡԪɾ磬ӵлұɶˡһѧЦΣɸһ飬Կ
㣿οڵѧӵдĺݡ
šĺݵ˵ţŵɫ
Ǻðɣ͸ˣС״ġδѡһ飬ݸĺݡ
ҳˣšĺ˵ţһȥȻʿˮɣһ鶼ûУζͦġ
Ļ䣬ΧһȺѧ׷˺ʮס
ĺݡĺıɹˡ֪˭Ⱥһ䣬ѧҲǷ׷׿ڣ𾪵ɫ
ĺݣ㡭ָĺݵԴͣȫǲš
ôܣĺʱҲоˣæԼͷȻɵˣҿԪɰԪɰʲôɣҲ̫˰ɣȻİұ˹Լ䲻
û£Ч˾ͺˡ˵
ǺǣǺǣĺﻹȺˣοǶ˶ˣӦǾ仰װƲɱɷˡ
ΧʱһĴЦ
ֻһСAóĵģѧﻹס
AΣһ߰ɡ
Ҫš
Ҫʱ
Ҫ绰ͤ

һȺѧţAȫѧԺܻӭˡ
㣬һ
ţҲһ
AͳߣһӾۣ˵ϣʹΧˮܴԽ桢ǽڡϰһ̼ȺУʹֱɹ䣩
أ
԰ҵأ
ңҲҪһ
ѧŶAû˺ʱǼˡ
ǸһֻóߡAͷЩ˼
ʲôһ
ҿҲôʵô
ǣ˵ǱɣɵϲŻȥԡӾʲôãԼжܴ壬̼һЦ
һȺѧ˵ţܿɢˡ
ǵڶ죬ҶAҪߡ
AͬóߣоȻһǸԭߣյĹҵƳƷԭϵ״̬𻵵ƷԭõƷѧȥʹˣȻڷϾսģ޸һƼս
ϢȥѧʶAεǿ
Aóĵߣϡеߵģ⸴ԭ߾һ
ֻǵ졢죬һֱʮ죬AóĵֱȫȽϷϵĵߡ
ҶAҲˣҪ߻Ҫ˲С
˵˶AѧԺİºѧԺвѧӤ龹ȻӶAõ˵Է֮Ȫ
ʹԷ֮ȪٻȪˮŮȻԼĻӰͶȥ
ֻĽ׷ĻӰȥ֮ȴ׵ģɷˡ
Է֮Ȫջʵ̫
ӽһȥȪˮŮɾͻóͬ߼ĶֱˬĲҪҪġ
Ϣʱ򣬶Ǿˡ
ΪǻһϵͳڶAε趨Է֮ȪˣԺʲôʱˡ
õĴȴЩʧ
ԭAóĵҲƵģеʹôƣеõȼơ
ñԷ֮ȪAεԷ֮ȪҲܰ׵ķ鱦
֮⣬Է֮Ȫָ߼ֵ߳ĸʺܵͣܰ³һԷ֮ȪѾӤˡ
Ӥĺ䶯ڹķֱƻ
һóʮżѧԺΪѧԺ󹦵ѧ
ȻЩϵͳģǿ϶ģĽԭΪ
Դ£ѧԺҲ˹
ѧԺĹѧԺƻһηֱƻѧǴ
ֱԺҪЧº˰
ĶƷⲻ˵Ľԭˡ
ϧǻûΪѧԺʲô飬ûʸõЩѧԺдǵһηֱԺ϶еڶΣء

ɽɽһ޴ʯԡ
ǰѷֱĵصѡϾɽѧԺĵطǷʮλѧѧԺѡġ
ԺϾ͵ˡصһʮżȫһ첼档


1459 ֱ
ԱߣŮ۲ź˳䵱˾ǵĽɫ
ܿһѧ˹
ɽϤһطǸոѧʱÿ춼Ҫ￴ճд衣񵭵˵ţĻȥһǧˡ
ǰþˡҲǻڵǵǽܵһɽʱ򣬻ǱԺڲƭġ
Աߵľ뵽ʲô̲סЦ
ܽѧԺǿɶ׬ˣһתۡ
ͬС
ɡصһѧ˹ȥ
Ժã
ѧǷ׷˵š
šǵ˵ͷΰǺʲô飬ǶѾˡ˵ǷֱΪЩΪѧԺ׵Ľǰʯô첼ŵһʮżȼߵǺ鱦͵ҲƷÿһ
ѧ⻰Ǽޱȡ
Ҫ֪ɲǱǺϡеĶ
ʦѺ첼ҿɡ
õģԺ
˵ţһƺ첼Ϳʮżıֳ
ѧǿţ۾ɵϴ
ЦЦѾʼ˷ֱһ̳鱦𣬽Ӵϵõļ̳ɣӵ׼ٵж꼶ѧ񡣡
⻰һ
̳ɵķ̫ˡ
ѧҲĽĿ񣬶ѾѲ̳͵ǰ
ںӴϵʮ﷽Բļ̳˿̾ȻֻаƴС淺ɫĹâԵĪ⡣
лѧԺлԺ
ĵ֪ļֵ͡
ףڶձ෨鱦𣬿Ťռ䣬ͨԪѧԺв꼶ѧҦܡ
ң
ҦܴϲϳЦݡ
;ɶ鱦ܻӯ磬˵棬˵ٱ٣˲Ϣ䣬в꼶ѧơ
ļ̫񾵣쾵鱦ɷҫ۹â֣жԷʵڻٵ쾵ɶڽӣв꼶ѧ顣
̣ọ̈̄鱦ܷߣʥɳ֮񣬽ѧԺв꼶ѧס
ĵƣ鱦ߣʽšƻ綹ʱɫɵƼ𣬾â䣬רԪв˼İв꼶ѧ
߼߱𴱣鱦ר¾ǣųߵȻǧڴɽѹκаħַʱκôǧڲ鿴֡˱ѧԺв꼶ѧ֮
ڰ˼Ԫߣ鱦޵ħ֮ʱĬоֳŶ𻨣һУаħв꼶ѧ󡣡

ʮʥƷһʩΪһǧҶͻڽⱦ档һȦ⣬٣֮аȫվ𣬲ġ˱ѧԺв꼶ѧ𡣡

ڶʮһԦʥƷūޣٻսūʮλ۾ޣ˱в꼶ѧĭ

ڶʮᦣʥƷʮһɲǴѧԺв꼶ѧСɡ

ʮ壬ʥƷ߶Էöר꣬ѧԺв꼶ѧֳ硣

ʮļٷۣ෨߿Դﵽ٣ѧԺвһ꼶ѧ֡

зȥǻ˻֣ȥ֮ʶ֮ⷨǡûµĻͶ뿪ˡ
ѧٴθлǣȻ뿪

һ֮ѧԺʽΪѧԺѧѧΥ͹ʹޡ
һʱѧԺ䶯
ѧԺ칫ңڲ鿴һЩš
Уɽһع䶯ˣΪɽұɽ򣬴˿ȴǺܲġ
ԭɽ򣬻ޱȣھȻһҪ߸ɽңӦۡ
ҲǱˣɽаڶִۣʵֲ׹žȻò
ǿЩɽҵܣҲûʲôֵͬġ
ѧԺ֮һжȶǾԼڿȥһ˷֮Լǳˡ
޼ɺͽλʦнѧԺ


1460 ޼ʦ
µһ죬ܺá
ѡһ˷֮磬û֪ͨκˡ
ͨʱ֮ţһ֮һŲãϢĿ꣬ƺֲս硣
̫ţ
ﻺ˵֡
粢İо˽⡣
֮ħ硢Ѫ塢ʹ塢ڵһħ֮սսܣ̫ǩ˳ġ̫Э顷Դ˾ͿʼĲйߣĬĬϢ
ƺǸʱڡ
ð޼ʦѧԺʱѾɾô̫šֺܲԤУϵͳǼһ˵ġʧǸ˼ɡ
󣬶Ǽ󣬽ѧԺķ޼񡣡
ǻҰοҪҵ޼ɲС
ʱ֮кȻһ̶Ľֻһֻ˫չ㹻ʮ׵˹
ǲЦССҲҶԸ
Ҫ֪ڿŲླ׵սҲ൱񼶸֡
Ҫ֣һһҽо͵ȥѪɽĵǡ
ʲôˣҸոճֵļʱȻһץȥܰץĻ顣˵ҲǣոΪʲôҲ㣬Ǳɵ˰ɡӵ˵š
ЩЦã黹ҵĴˡ
Ҫ˵ƾʩΪƲҵķ㲻š
һҲǿЦġ
ǣ˳Ժأָ̡΢΢һЦ
Ժô˼ЦЦϽ뿪ɣ޲٣вҶԸˡ
Ͼߡ˵ţȻʵոտɱ޵ʱ򣬽ͦģ֪֪֪һλ޼ɵý֡
ʲôˣҪҷ޼ɣ
ǵġ
⻰Ƭ̵Ǻã
Ȼ޼ɶˣͦҵô⵹ǽʡٵʱ䡣
һ·һطǿطôֲõԤС
ʲôط
򣡡

ˣ޼ڷ֮ǽ
ŽȥѾལߡ
ѵ޼ɻ
ʱԶѾ߳һˡ
ϸ˵ĻǾ̫ϤˣǷ޼ô
޼ʦ㣬㡭ǲסˡ
ַ޼ɵΪȻླûдﵽ
Ȼҵ鷢ˡ
ϵͳݡ֮ķ޼ɸǽѧԺڿεǸ޼ɣ޼ɻûгɳǻ˵ʲôҲΰ
֮ǰѹġϵͳһûϵӡ
˵ɣ⵽ô£ҼǵýѧԺķ޼ʦȷֹһΣǧȷġü
˵ܼ򵥣ģ֮ǰѧԺǸ޼ȷʵλһ񣬺һģһǸ޼ɵĳ֣ȴֻϵͳڷ޼ɴɵһ
ʲô
޼ɽѧԺһƸʦϵͳѧԺ֮λһľ硣޼ɼǿȻԥĴӦˡҲˣ޼ɳ䵱һѧԺƸʦһ֮ľ磬ʵʹ򡣡
Ǻǣ
ЩЦãϵͳ棬ҳ׷ˡ
Ǳߡ
޼ɿǣ¶˾ϲɫԺѵѧԺѾ̫ͨͨˡ
ǰɡǿЦãøƨ̫ˡ
Աߵӿ޼ɵɫסʦʶˣ
Ȼʶ֮ǰҺ˵ȥһصĵطʵѧԺǰλѧԺԺһλǿĴڡ
ôܣոһϮҾ
Ժ޼ɴЦԺڵʵȫʩΪҲ˲Ժֺ
⻰Щ
޼ʱֶǵҵĵӳˣԺӦ֪ġ
ϸһ·֮ľ飬ôǸ̫˵ʮһ౻ƾ־Сһô
޼ףҲ֮Ǳܻ鼮ˡ
ĺõӣǧܹˡ
Ȼᡣ
޼ɱ֤
һԣ⵽˵Ķʲô
ĻһΪʵнѧԺʽʦڿĻʱ򡣡ЩΣˣһȻȥɡ
Ժòһˣôˡ̫壬Ҫİ޼˵ţЩС
⻰Ǻޡ
ôһҪ㵱ô
ɾʱԼȻ˷֮Ժר񣬲˵ûô


1461 һ
ϵͳƤ˰
ϸϵͳԺר£ڷ֮Ժרʵַ޼ɵ룬޼ҪޡνΪ⽱Ƹʦ޶ΪгĽɫʦѧԺԶдﵽ߾磬ʦԶѧԺ
е㲻
˵ģʦѧԺԶдﵽ߾硣Ƿ޼ɽѧԺ֮ǻӵľ硣
뵽ŷ޼ɵѾˣ޼ʦŵģҼȻˣܾˡͬΪ࣬ħĴݲУӲİɣһ㣬վΪ۷塣
޼⻰жĪ
һ̫ţ塣Ǽ֮ǰȰǩˡ
ǣ
ѧԺƸ飬ʵҲΪΪֻҪǩ֮󣬾ʱѧԺѧԺ֮ϴһľ磬СҪǣѧԺѧԺʦѧæǺһ塣
⻰޼ɼǲ˼ľƸǩ֡
Ϊǽ񣬿ڷ֮ƸʦҲͲҪеʮԼ顣
ԺѧԺʽʦˡЦЦ֮ǿ˳ˣʦǩƸ飬㲻һôֻҪѧԺȻ޷ܵľ磬񼶵ľ绹ǿԵġ
񼶣˲ԾĿʦ޼ɡ
ǩ˰ɣû޼ɷˡ
ǣʦ𡣡˵ţаĳɣǲԾ뵽ԭ֮г˵ߵлʦԼʦκεĻɣ޼ʲôһ
ųҲǩƸ飬ǺȻı̫ŵˣıǵˣҲ塣
뵽ˣǽ򴴽ʲôʱڣͶ˼뽣ô
ˡ
ǺãģҪǡ
ȻƸȻҲƸѧԺ
ʵӦҲﵽԲ֮
ȥλʦ
ǣʦ
˵ţȥˡ
һĹ˵˽

ˣ
˵֣Ѿֱˡ
޼ɣλǣڣЩĿǣȻǵΪȴϸоһɾ޴в
Ҳ˷޼ɡ
ǵϴγʱ˵ĻôʵǴҲǱչأȥһΪ硣Ǹ磬бǿĴڣбķ򣬶ǰλǸѧԺԺ޼˵ţ⻰ļ˶Ǿޱȡ
һ磿š
ǵģһ嫵档޼ɵͷһӾû˵ǾҲѧԺܻĶѡ
̫ˣеԽܣ˽㣬϶Ϊˡ˵ţԼ
̫ˣʹԺҳΪ̫ȴҲˣǲҪĽ֡ѧԺͨ磬ĻᣬһǣҲǵĻᡣ޼ɻ˵ţϾҪİԭ֮еķչǶ
޼ɣҪϣ˵ϣЦ̫Цˣ˵ģ˭֪᲻ʲôͼıűˣҸԸԼ
⡭޼ɲ֪˵ʲôá
Ǹܲ˵仰Ǹɿ˵嶼ˣʲôûɵġңҲ壬֪ô˵һ˲࡭ԣ񼶸ͼıʲôǿЦ
񼶸֣üͷš
ô˵ţֱγһ
˺оһ֮ȫǽġȫȴβ
⡭ôܣޱȡ
̫ˣıԴҲĿǸ汾Դȸһ㼶ġεƸ飬ǩˣҾʹǼʶһ档
Ƹ飿˺ţЩã
ǩ֮ǾѧԺʦѧԺôǿΪһ鼰λѧԺеʦ硣޼ɰԼ˵ţǩԼ飬ǿѧԺߵľ磬ǳǵ


1462 ̫
˺޼֮䣬ʵЩɡ
һֻһˣ
ǩƸ֮Ȼ֪˵Ǽ٣ǩԼûСЦЦĿˣ̫ڵҲôȻôˣûһ̫Ժ˿֪ʱҲ֪ڣǰȴһĻᣬΪҲһôû壿
ߣΪ壬ȻһƸôܸо渽һɲѰƺǩ˾Ҳ޷ͷһԸһԡ
˵ţԱΪдԼ֡
޼ɡ
˿ǣҲƸдԼ֡
ܺá
ǿǩԼ֮ˣоԺ֮еϢôǾǹѧԺѧԺȴϢ֮ĻҪ档ڸһСʱʱ䰲һ½֮е飬ȻһǽѧԺ

źˣǿ˻ˡ
źˡ
ǺãھͽѧԺҲǸڵ硣˵ţ˷ֱͨѧԺʱһڤڤ֮еϵˡ
ֻͻأģʧ˷֮硣
ѧԺ
Ժ
ѧԺԱ
ѧԺô
ǵġ
һĹţָָ
һλͨͨһ硣ñͨΣ磬ɥʬһǧĲϱ죬ǿɥʧʵѾܿǸĻʼ֡ñ磬ͨɵ磬Ǹû˵ģȴɱߣɲ繷һжѧԺĹ͡ǵ˵š
ô硭ţЩ𾪡
ˣٺñͨͨ磬ǳ硣֮УǿѾﵽļ൱ڲླھŽףʮǿ󡣡ָһš
Ǹ񣬺˵˭ǿ̲סʵ
ûȣǸֻǲླףһླŽӻ־ǸѾڴ취ˣνҲںϹ񻰴˵еĺϵʵ̫ˣһ㼶ЦŽ͵
Ȼš
ԺѧԺû񼶱ǿߣǡȴ
𣬸Ͻס֪˼ѧԺҲûôǿĴڣһӦúܿˡΪǳһΪѧԺʦǲླ߽׵ĴڣҲԵˡ˵λ֣ǿɽǸľ
⻰˶Ǽ
޼ɡ
ˣϸһڵľ硣ֵ
⣬ҵľ磿
Ȼֻع鵽ľ磬ǼַֿԺúòˡ
̫ˣұӵΪһ
ЦЦҲֻѧԺ־磬úɡ
޼ɵĵѧԺٴκ䶯
Ϊǳˣ˿ѧԺ֮жӵнɼʵ
ѧԺĴѧѾȫҲʦˣֻǿϧΪҲֻѧԺ֮С
Ϊһ뿪ѧԺǾͻָΪ硣
ˣҲ޷뿪ѧԺ֣ѧԺ֮УʵճҲˡ
ǴϵͳõһܲҵϢ
ǰγ֣汾ԴѾѧԺλãڲླĹ޷ʩչȥ
ʵѧԺЩĴԪҲһ
Ԫľϵǿ쳣͸ԪҲ쳣ѡ
֪Ϣ֮Ѿ׶ϵͳˡ
ѽƸѧԺ飬ûˡ
ϵͳٴ֤һ飬ʦڿεģ㵱ֵġ
ʮ֮
ʮ棬Ҹ˺ܶණڱȥú૵
Ҳȥˡ˵ţ޼ɣжʦѧԸȥǵ磬̫㣬ڼȱ֡
ʱæֻҵһٶλѧԼλʦ޼ɵӦùˣǸĻʼ֣Ҳֻ൱ﾳߣһٶѧʮλʼ֣λʦ൱Ǹĵۼ֡
̫ˣȫ̫ˡ޼ɣѧʦأ
Ǳߡ޼ָָǱ߿ȥͶڵ˶±ˡ
ǰʲôһۿȥ˸澹Ȼ߸Сӡ


1463 ȥǰ
һȻСӣҲĲ񻰡
ôһꡣ
ǲҪСǣ֮һǵ磬ɵĸ޼ɺ˵
ôš
Ȼ߸Сһ«޵磬ǰǸոճնɱһλࡣôѾ˽ˣ൱ѧԺĽɾ磬൱Ǹ񼶾硣޼˵ţԼҲЩ𾪡
߸Сӿƽ棬˭뵽ʵ
һе㲻ţѧԺʱ̡̫һأӣϳž˵ս⣬Ӧһ֡˵
գ硣ոսѧԺʱ򣬲ɾ磬ڲǧ겻ʱ䣬Ѿǵ۾ˡʵ«ֵȣǲ࣬ܵǿ϶ġ޼ɵ˵š
ЩˣΪʲôҪǿһµǡ
«ޣҪʲôʱһ
࡭ۣ«ƺһ굽յĺ棬ҪѧǲҪȥѧ
ǵӣѧη֮绢
СѧôģһѧôộоԺհ͹ȥǾͻˡ۵˵Ժ˵ˣѧҪϵģҪѧУϵѧҵ
ǲȥ޵ͷҡ˹һѧУ̫ˣʦˡҪȥ֮磬Ҫȥ֡
ʲô֣ǾǲѧЦ
«ǳĬˣȻ˵ˡ
ԺĻ֮ȥǻһѧУҪѧˣʱҪʵʵѧȻĻ͵֮ץвţȻ˷޼ɣ޼ʦѾʼƫԭ˹켣Ǻ£Ҳǻ¡¾Ͳö˵ˣ˵ڶλᣬǿԸıԵˣ̫ŵˡ֪ľҲᱻģ˵ٸΣա
֪ⶼֵõġ޼롣
ҪȥˣҸ͸¶һϢԺϾҪǳ磬ʱѽʦƸʦ磬ླ߽׵ĴڣԸ֣Ǹоˡ۵
̫ˡ޼̲ס߬ȭͷ
صǵȥɣҪǵúԺԼÿ궼ҪѧԺϲڶʮĸʱĿγ̣ȵǸ峹ȶҪѧԺרְΡ
Ҽˡ
޼˵ţ˾Ҫǰ
ɾʱһͷٵ˹ֻǼԾ͵ǰ
ȵңҲҪȥ֮硣
񣿡
ۿˣҾ˵ôնȥˣôܲȥϲ˷޼ʦֶһǿԮ
޼⻰ҲЩϲ

֮硣
ٴλص޼ɵ˻оһ
񼶵ľûˡǿԼɢȥ־磬ĶҵΪ٣ҲֻҪʱ䣬ҾͻƵۼˡ
ҲǡҲǵ
ڵô«ǶǺĴܣú档
ķЩءոһ¡
һûгôԶţֱӵ˱˵硣Ǹһ£ÿĳԷ˭𣬸оö˵Ӷ๾Ľ
ʱһϢ˹
̫͹ˣʲôһЦһӵ
ħˡ޼ɲЦĻҾͲʲôħ˵һѧԺô֡
ȥǰɡʱһ˳ѧԺѧܾ
á޼ɿܾŵĳԾĵ˵ͷ
ʱĻԸһЩʼ֣òѧԺʦ֡
Ӱһܾ˽֮⡣
ƾҲ򡣡ܾЦǲ֪ǻȥܱס
ʲôˣ޼أ˵һСûкҶԻʸ񡣡ħЦ
СϾͲˣסҵֽܾɱˡܾ˵ţĽ˳ȻԾһն˹ȥߣն
ħЩܾ͵ؾסˡ
ֻĽնɱһļʸһա
Ȼ޿ɶ㡣
߶ȫܾӲӲ
Ĺܾǰ˲䱻߽⣬ȻһĽ崩Ͷȥ
Χ˿һĻȫɵˡ
ɱħʲôʵ


1464 ҾˣҪ
ܾĿɨΧ޲սľ
Ȼȸ֣ôܡ
ʼǻʼ
ģ鱨Ƕϵˡ
ħսʿﶼЩ
ǼȻҲͲûȥˡܾ˵ţҵһ֣ûѪ֤
˵ţٴζ֡
ֻĽɽ˳ȥ֮һɱħսʿ֮С
紩ߣһħսʿĽ¡
̫ˣ㵱ħûˡ
ôŵļһҶȥˡ
컹ˡ
˵ţΧˡ
ħ彫һȻǵľ
ܾ˳ɱȴҲҴ⡣
Ҳǻʼ֣൱ڵﾳʵǲСġ
ʮն
ܾһУ˹
Ȼ󳤽ﻯΪһ㣬˾նɱ˹ȥ
һ˻ͬʱԸ˲ɡЦȻ߶ȫԪҪɱܾ
Ȼ䣬ԼҲˡ
ܾ糤һĽϯȻȫƲֻܱﻹܷ
ħ彫Ҳһȫܾʵŵˡ
ǿĽֱ˼
һҪǸ޼ɻҪǿðġ
סһȻסһʲôЦ
飡
˶˼ٲվס˽Ÿ
ʮģ©֮
ܾϢʱ䣬ƱҪ˸նɱˡ
Ľӿȣ޿ɵֵ
˶ŵĻ겻壬⹥̫ˣȸղŻҪǿ
ʱһ˵ĵն˹
ֱܾĶͷ
˭
ܾһæǧ֮ԶŶһ
µĵ棬ȴǱһʮĹ֣Ǿˡ
ʣû뵽õʣҲ͵Ϯ顣
˲ܡҲǸŵ
ܾǸ⵶ʣȥħ͵Щսʿȫɱˡ޼ɵ˵ţ죬ҽҪ̫֤гΪʸ˭Ҳ޷
ɱѧԺĶ࣬Ȳˡ
˵š
ʵܶԸġܾЩΣҲﾳ߽׵ΪҲ൱ڻʼڵĸˣټһɷټϵһҲǲ˿ڣʱ޼ΧסˣҲ˼ȥ֡
Ǿɣܾɱ˾ħ͵սʿ
ħ͵ˣ޷ֵ
ֻһͱܾ¾һǧˣЩȴǿĿɿڴ
ǱҲ᧿Σ
޼˴ѧԺȻΪûôһЩĶǿ¡
ǵʵҲǳɱﻹǶ֡
һʲô¡ʷŭĺ
Ǻǡ޼Ц㻹۸˲ɡ
ߣ㶼ˣǻǽʲôء˵ţȥɣ㻹ܳŵʲôʱ򡣡
쵰һҪɱʺ
ʱһ
ֹô
˶һ
˸оһɿֲʶƣǾԲǻʼܹӵеġ
ۣ
֪˭һ˿һˡ
ǵۡ
һţŽǿЦڵ۾㻹ô
ۻ䣬һӳˡ
۶ˣܲȻΪͬĿĶǾֻʲôɡ
Ҫ
۵˵ţĿĿ˷޼ɵˣʼֶѣǲ֪ߵغ񡣽Ҿ֪ʼֺ͵ۼֵĲ࣬Щһֿ𡣡
ڵ۾Ǻǣ㲻ҪǰɣԼ
޼ɿԾ۵ĻƫԭĹ켣һЩᷢı䣬νĺЧӦڰڵ۾ˣˣΪ˻򣬶ԭ棬ȫġ
ǵ֮еĴϷѶȳɱˡ
޼ɣǸԸۼ֡˴
ֻ֪ѧԺʦˡ޼ɵ
ֻǲȷ޼ɿڣڵ˳
˿̵Щüģոճû󣬾ȻһԵĶûС
ĺö
ιλ壬ԳԷԼĹͷȻߵ˵ߣ˭ڵĵôۣ˶ڿһĿӡ
Էİ׳գŭ־Ҫƿ
ǰ׳ա񼸺һһֵ˵˳ˣҪ㡣


1465 ̫
˵ţһȭͺ˳ȥ
ͨͨһȭȴ̺ż޵ֲޱȣɷˡ
۸ûмŵȫ֪Ŀ֮˻ûзӦͱһȭ˳ȥ
Ϊһڵ㣬ʧˡ
˶±ˣŵĿ
Ȼһȭѵ۴ˡ
ôܣͷõʲôǽ֮ˡ
ۿǵۼְ⽣ʵҲ̫ˣ˭˵⽣ֻмʼֵġ
һȺ˿޲ǾĶǣ̫ľϲ
ԵģгԵģö
ƫƫ񻹲ԾϵţԵúż
ʵǲ֪˵ʲôá
ȻܻңȥŭȻͿһ޴ĵնɱնǳһ
ۣ
ոһȭȻɱ˵ۣʵʵ۵ʵҪ֮ϡ
ͷҲܵΣյĵ
ǵۼ֣ѾܿΧһƬأûз˿̷ӦԵóٶ۶ˡ
ҲΪĵʱһӰӺԾһȭ˵ۡ
ֻһ˶ȭͷ˺գƵضϡá
飡
ɹĵ۵˳ȥʱһӰǰ
գ
޼Щ𾪵ĿֵˣܿյһȭѾĳּޡ
޷һֺǿķ򣬶ȴǸûȥ
Ҳ磬Ҳָܵķ飬δطҪΪ⡢ʱ֮
ǵ˼·˵˼·סˡ
һ֣õ۵Ĺٴ˵ľ
ۼ֣һۼ֡
̫ˣ̶ܺˡ
ǾˣǸոճôǴô֣ЩҲǽޡ
ŵʱѾŵ۳˹ȥһȭȥһȭǿγһ
֮ڣû˿й
䣡
۸Ӳӣֻܱȶ
һȭһȭõǱޱȡ
ƼˣܸоԼʵ֮ϣʧ̫֮ˡ
ӹȥˣûдеһȭʱЩйˣö
ۿ֣ȴǴϲѣһ
һܵҳԹٴô
ֻǵͣ֡
һ𡣡
ʱ˵ţ˲öԸһһĻǿܶĶ֣һһܻ
ðʰȥԷӦ
˵ţѾһȭס˵۵ĹǱҲʼ˶Ե۽ҹ
һ̣ˡ
յֹ֮£˺ܱľ棬ȫ޷
Ƕһʲô¡ŭ
⻰ܱߵ±ˡ
۾Ȼ˵⻰Ǳ˰
ʲôһ㵥ٿ㣬ŲסˣֻҪҴһȭ군ˡ
áӦ
䣡
һ죬ڱһȭ˼ιǵλá
ֻо˺ѷһʹһѪ˳
㻹ޱȣڿԳԷˣķ˭֪
۲˲ǵѪոһʵҲֻˣ޼ɣǽصĻҲµĲǸǽˡ
ǽˣ
ҲףǽޣȻǡ
˭˵ֻнˣǽλϣܵô޼Цǲ˽ǵҲãҲã̫ŵĵ򡣡
ôĿҲãҲô֮Уһ
񣡡
֪˭һ䣬˶Ǿˡ
ˣȻֵĹ
ˣαˡ
ǿߣֻۼֵĽ޷ֵ
ôãû뵽Ҫ
ﶼ˼ţڵֵһ̣ûٶԽκεϣ
û뵽񶼳ˣѶȼֱڳɱӡ޼п֡
ˣԲðɣ˵ţʥּһ㡣
ԲãǿЦ޼ҡͷȻȴǳ溰«ǣһ֮
˭˭ǡ֮ڣ½߳߸ź«ӵС
߸ͻȻֵС˶±ˡ
Ҳһ
Ц㻹ָ߸Сӵסһ񼶸ֲɡЦ
߸Сˣǽλϡ޼ɵ˵ţλϳ֣޼ɱȻġ
ڿԳִˡ˷Ħȭơ


1466 
ޡޡޡޡޡޣһǺ˷ܡ
ˡ
ְ
ǾǴ򻵵û
«˵ţȫһ㡣
֪ˣһкݶ߸СӶԸ񣬵Ҫɱ߸С⵶Ҳͳ׳ˡȴǺȻΪ˷޼ɵĹơ
ôļƲߣӵҪΪˡ˸ŵ
۵㣬ܿҲõ˴˵Ͽɡ
߸СԸô޼Ϊ˽򣬻伫ţҲϿΧҵ뷨޼Ȼˣɱ߸СǱɱˣǾȫûˡ
ħǱʾһ£ʱħ彫˳
ɱ˺«ǡ
ħ֮ˣɱСӸʲô
֣
޿ħ彫ֵǣ֡
ֵǼͬʱֻ֣ߵӰһħ彫͵˳ȥ
飡
ħ彫ˤȥԶûˣһǻ±֮С
Ǳ˭ˣ߸С
ΧսҲĿɿڴʲô
߸Сôʵ
Ϊһоƿ֮еĵ񣬴˿Ҳɫ
ĺոպ«ǳֵʱ򣬱ʵﵽ˵ۼ۷壬ӽ񼶡

̲סٶȻҪʦҪ졣
ͷôʱָָ
֣߸СӾȻŵۼ۷ʵҿǲ֡ҲãڻɱǣͲκεĸˡ
⻰֪«ֵΪ˳ɵˡ
ۼ۷壿
߸СȻʵ
찡ҸҴ߸Сת޵֡

ɱٳɣûȻǺԥֱӳ֡
֣«ȻҲʾת۾ͺ͵սһ顣
Ҳ˻ɵ˺«ǵʵǿź«ǾȻ͵񶷵൱Ҳûκλˡ
߸СޣǻǶҵĶ֣񼶺͵ۼĲ֮𡣡˵ţ߶ȫһͰѺ«ķ׷׵ɳȥ
˿𾪵ʵ
򲻹ˣֺ
ǰǻһС
壬
޺ףȻ«ǻ࿴һ£͵طɵһ飬ʼ˺
ȫ±һԡ
תۣĺ«Сճˡ
߹
«Сմһ˵
Ϣ񼶣
ޱȣô£ֻ߸«Ǿۺϵһ飬Ȼͳһ񼶵Ĵ«ޡ
飡
«ǶԵ˹ˮռȷ֮ϵʩչõǱޱȡ
ⳡ棬ٴɵۡ
Ȼѹˣ˭ܽһǰ«ʲô⡣
֮ǰ˵«ɱһе㲻ţǳˡ˸̾ʵ磬ƶҪǺڵǿߡ
ʵǾˡҲǳ׷ˡ
ʮӹȥڰѵ˺«ǡ
˿̵ĺǱ
֡«Ǻţٳȥ
ȷʵǰ߸˵ӵһ𣬻ҵһμǵѵֻʵ죬һҪǽ˭С񻺻˵š
ɾʱһ翵п񼶸ֵĳǴڣԽκ˲ٺ
֪Ǵĸ򴫹ģÿŶԼһ
û֪˵֮˭
ʱɫѾˣŷ޼ɣֿ˿һˣҧʸΪ򣬵Ͻĵλ
Ļ˶ǲš
ȻЭˣոջ˵һҪ˽ģôЭˣΪոǸ˵Ļô
ʱֻħ֮Ҳ߳һ˵ħҲϽĺϷλ
ħ׷ױ̬ñЩƵˣȫˡ
̬תҲ̫˰ɡ
ֻз޼뵽ʲô૵һֻؾǧ䣬϶ˣĻ֮ˣû뵽ˡҲֻõͣ֡
ˣȥ˵ţһ˦Ⱦ뿪ˡ
ħˣħǱ߸ŵ
תۣħ͵ɢ߹ˡ
ˣûзӦġ
ͽˡ«ǽ˺״̬ҲڷԺˣ޼壬ǶôæˣܲܺԺүү˵Ҫȥѧˡ
Ǻǡ޼ޱȣɲҺԺ˵
гԵģöڵϣ˵š
ѧԺ֮УѾ׼ǳˡ


1467 ᳤ȫ
νȥҪĿľǰѽΪѧԺʦ
ǳ磬ǻˡ
뿪ĵطһûм֪ңλʯļػ
ƿţǸоϤϢ
᳤ôͳˡһϲȻܲ
ǵſڣӦһʱˡ
Ϊعء
Щжѯʵ˵ˣܲչô
ܲһ˵һ飬ܽ᣺˵ڰջ᳤˼Ż᳤˵ĳԱѾ˰ڰԺµĵһ滮ϵسžʯξٳ͸
ǵ˵ͷʯũ壬ЩǰĳǳؾǳСǵҺ˵Ǹΰôʵе߼Ǹΰ˵еһޣ˵ũΧУ󸲸ȫ硣
ܲЩ
ŰչȥΪһ
һ㡣룬ЩûһǿĿɽڲ˵ǿҪ߸ǳһ񣬶ǿԶԸġ
ܲһͻ
ﲻ֪Ķ̰塣
Ͼһǿʳ磬Ҫʵ˵Ȼô׬ǮԱٶ࣬ʲôô
Ŀ֮һҪһɽǻ˵ţɽʵǽ
ɽôܲŵ
񣿡ЦЦܲԶ̫СˣҵžǣҪҵɽܿͻᵽ
šܲЩڴ
ȵɽĺĳԱټҪ֪һǾ񡣡Ը
ãҪһǿĿɽǵҲͳװˡܲҲǵʵҲԼ
ǳʱңԶƮѩǣѾܵˡ
ѧԺʱ򣬽ͺԼ±ǣһǳ磬ͻȻϹ
Ժˡ˿̵˵ţҳȥһˣһʱң˵ұչˡ
Ըš
ǣˡһŮص
ʱӰѾʧˡ
ڽ뿪˲䣬ʥȴ΢΢üͷ
ٶȺܿ죬Ͼ磬ռȻڻ¡
֮
ʯˡ
ˡ
ţʵ֪
ѧԺʱͺ˵ξٳʯһĻ
ǣּתģʽͽ˵һ顣
ȻЩ쿪ϸϸȴǾǰ;
ߵǵײ·ߣٷ֮ʮŵ˶ײ㣬ֻҪЩײһ룬Ϊ֮
ԺҵˡǣûдĵĹǵ͵
ʦǵҺ˵⻰ôҴƸ㵣ĳ֮һǵûĻھ͵ҰܸĺĳԱ
ãӦ
ʯĻҡ
ǻңûģڲԴȴİ
ΪߣȫҲġ
˿̵ĻڣһʮһλĺĳԱ֮ǿҲмˣһϼ˶ûС
ЩĳԱȴѾԼδ
һޱΰҵ
˵ô᳤Ҫһʶ
ֹ˵һǿߣԺҲĿɽ᳤ѾΪĳ֮һλͬڻ᳤ֻûĹȨѡ
Ҳһһ񣬺ܻܿһλв񡣡
в˵ϲء
ȻΪԽҲãָҶһĳˡ

˼˵ŵʱܲǵõʲôϢ᳤ȫ
˵ţһںĳԱ׷վ
ھҲǺĳԱ֮һһҲõĪĺô
һֱãֻСС֣ͷβһûУ֯ʵǴĺܡ
̧ͷھ󿴵᳤
Ǽǵģһ棬һҲ档
šǵ˵ͷʾҿˣѴټ֪ͨһ飬ǾҪһλϣǵһλϣҲԺߵŵĳԱ֮һλϾǱƮѩǣľһӭ
񡭡˲˵ܲһ


1468 糴֮ʼ
Ʈѩǣľ
ܰе˶סˣھ
ôϣվ۷Ĵڡ
ܣԲܡ
ϾһҲ¼ˡмˣĲֹʮǧֱǸԪһ㡣
˶ֻĴڡ
֮ǰЩ˵Ŀ֮Ϊ񣬶Ǻõˡ
᳤һǿЦģô붯ġ
϶ƭ˵ġ
᳤ǿԼˣһˣҪ󲻸ߡ
һοԼĻǺˣ˵ʲô뵽
Ϸô
᳤˰
ôǾ뽪˵ţһӰ˽ǽ
ŽĿɿڴ
᳤㻹ϷȫװԱҺˡ
ҲԣûһҲ֪
ⶼʲô飬ôǺˣô֤ǽЩ˶ûма취ˣʦͷһѹȻʩչһ¿ռֶΡ
û⣬һŵġһַ֤Լ˵ţһɿֲѹ籩һϮ˹һּѹǰȫһСϣֻǲӣһٶȫſ˵ϡ
ʲôѹ̫ˡ
ֻѹȻɢĸоԲġ
ǿߣǿߣ񣬵ҾҼЩѹǰҲһֿ

һٶð·ʪ͸ˡ
ռ
˵һ䣬һ㣬ҵĿռ䶼סˡ
һٶ˾Ǳһȫһ

һ֮󣬽һָֽˡ
һٶȫǴڴŴоڵſһȦ
£̫ˡ
ռֻƿصֶΡ
ĵһλ⡭̫ˡ
ھҲһ𺳣ĿɽȻôܡ
ôˣҲСף֪Ŀ¡
ƿؿռ䷨
ֱ޵еġ
ڴҪûʵĻЧˣԺĵһλϣλͬڻ᳤κǶԻ᳤ǾǶԽκ˶ԽҲǶԻ᳤˵š
һٶ˻˵ʲô˷ܣ˷ˡ
ɽԺ˭
֮
Ǻͽ壬Ȼ漶ԣʮȻֻӮһ̡һ̣ǿýġ
᳤ѾһǧǱξٳڡܲ
ôࣿ
ʲôʯϵİٷ֮ʮ˶Ҳ߾ߣֻڳϷӣԲűѡЩ˵ǮǵĲǶɹڳ˷ӣȻҲͿԻȥˡ
ԭһǧѾˡ˵ξٳǣҲֻǧ˶ѡ
ǵġ
ӣʼչ滮ʵгƻɡ
룬ֳ֮ǵĹâ
ȥѧԺҿܶԺҪʲôԺҪѳķգڻξٳǵķۣʱֱȥǽбʲôƻ϶ܴ׬һʡ

ǵ˵ͷȻֵȻʵЩķӹӦ֮ξٳǿ϶Ҫķӣʱһȥξٳ˵ѵңȻȥ췿ӣˡѾˣһҷز˾
⻰ú˼
ǳ粻æȥҪ㾭ãԺа
תۣʱǹȥһ꣬ξٳڵķԽԽ٣Ϊӵϡ٣ۿʼϵߡ
ԭһСҪʯڲһʱ侹Ȼһ
Ȼû֪۸ǿ⳴ȥġ
Һ粻ʲôͳ֮ģȻ϶˵ξٳǵķ۸ˣҴǷʲôġ
ģҺòܹǮڳһأһȴ֪۷һһŴͷˣЩŭ˵š
ǰǵ̫ˣֱǻƵٶȣǸڳȥ˺޺޵ҲֻܱԹˡ
ξٳǣ
ô£ôôˣҪȱӣͽξٳ˵ţС£ʡ
ǽ˰Ǹոۣ˲ˣҲǼˡԹ


1469 緿ز
ξٳҲξٹ⡣
˶ôǮô
ξٹ˼һֱȥξٳǾôһ㣬Ҫӡ
ɾʱſڵ˵ܽξٳǵķȱ⡣
⻰ξٳסʲôˣǲС
Ƭ̣˵ͷҵҪʲô
⣬Ǻܲ
ǽȥסˣǿǳһλǿϲ񣬸Ŷʥʱս¹պչ͡Ǽ˳òҪˣʲôСȻ֪ôġ
Ƕ
ЦЦ˵ʵûнںɽ治һ˹
ǿϲ൱ǸĲླ׵Ĵڡ
᳤ǲ̫ðˡ
û£˽ξٹ裬뻹վһ
裬ʲô
һֺǿ趨ñģ·˼ףóֵġ

һ·˳Ĵǲò˵Ĵĺɡ
֮г˳ξٹ֮⣬Ȼмˣ⼸˵ϢһԵúǿ
Щ˾Զ񾳽硣
˵ܽξٳǵķȱ⣿ξٹǣʶţƺҪǸͨ͸
ǵģˡ΢΢ķȱ⣬Լĸ߷⣬ʵѾá磬ǳޣһǳضܾסˣҲǼǧˣڳǳ֮⣬ȴиˣ޷֮˵ҪͶӵ绷Լָÿ˶кܶνǴĿġ
ξٹĬˡ
֪˵ʵô̡
ñξٳ棬ʮξٳڵ޷ǡ
磬˵һ㣬˶ˮ֮С
֪˵ʵ˵˵Ľ취ɡξٹ⣬Ǽȥһ˭ĹƶҪ۵ʥʵͷȥ
ҵİ취ܼ򵥣ܽصʣϺ۵ط۵ֶΣξٳɸˡǵ˵š
˵ĵǼ򵥣˵ģôʣؾôһ㣬ѵ㻹ξٳǲɡ֪ܲĻĵط֮Ȼ񱩵úܡô򵥾ܽѾõ⣬ͽˣܵšԱһߵ
NONONOȻƳ֮״̬ǱĲҹƾʥʶҵ˼ʵڳڸӳֵеءǵ˵ţϸĵ飬ñξٳڳ۵ķӣһӾһıռһƽϣʲôҲ̫ݳ˰ɡһסôĵطֱǱǲ
ߣһƽʲôǳһǧ׵İƴطղǸ
˵ȷʵСˣ޻˵ǿǹûУֻгǳܾסǰһƽ׷ֽһƽһСһһˣҲһˡһ˺һˣʲôеıĻ˷ξٳǣݵ¡
˵ô˵һƽҲ̫СˣУûԸסġξٹҡҡͷ
ûԸסЦˣڵĵѾȫʱǵ˿ڶ࣬ЩɡɡɻַסţҲû˵ʲôԸģؼǸ˵ϰߺ͹
ѵǣ
λˣڳǳ֮޷֮ʱΣգǻⷿӵĴСôֻһȫļңСҲνڣķȻС˵㣬ǲϸԼʶ󷨣ȫ൱һĿռ䣬˵ǻ᲻򣿡
⡭
֮ڵ˶סˡ
ǰǻ᲻
֪˿϶ɻ󣬿Ҹǰôһͨײˡǿķӣ᲻򣿡
Ǽ٩٩̸
˲ԾĿܲξٹ
ᰡ϶ᰡǲڳ⣬ʱΣգֻţô򵥵Ըܲид˵š
ô˵ô˽ڣźܿܰѳڵ֮ꡣղǸٴ䲻Ŀڵ
ֻҪܻţ˭ںǵ֮еˣ׷ߵľ硣ǵ˵ţߣǻʯôôҵһ²⣬ҾǳӦһ޴֮ת񱩵֮ǳأԶƽյ˶ˣ֮Ҳ࣬ת֮Ҳ͸ְ֮࣬Ȼ²ǴģֻҪ۷ʱע򷿵ǲճڵ֮ʱŻǻԸġ
֮ڣʱѻȸˡ
Ŀô
ֱǵ߸һ׵׵ĵ߸
㻹ʲôû˵ģһ˵ɣξٹǣơ
ȻʵƽҲԳôղģһǷָһƽһ飬㹻һˣٳϸǸһٲĻһ˻Ҫһٰһˡ
˵ʱ˶ŵϴ
ڵһһһ˾סģڻ˹һ˾סģ̫ˡ
ǲĻʵǸһҲԵģϾôػι̵úܣ϶ܸǣʱһˡôҪװʲôģǾǲɣһԾҲȥˣҲҪͰʲôģౣһ
᳤ˡ
ܲǣѵ
˵˵˵϶ǿеģȻһ˿еţ˾ͳˣϾ̫ĻҲûô˿ڡЦǺǵ˵
Χ˲˲亹
ǾȻ˵ԶԣĻͲȱˣȱˡ
뷨ܾˣ顣ȥʷܽˡĴ£ܾģұѯһʥʡξٹڵ
á
˵ô࣬ҪʲôҲŻôȣǴ˽š
ξٹǣѾ׼Ǳͼ
ʱЦЦȻʲôˣʵҵͼܼ򵥣ô˵ҲģҶʵʩӵĽԼô۷ӺһףõȨڳõأʱסլ
㣿õأӣ
ξٹüͷһɶǳеȨ
ǿزȻǿ϶õؽ췿ӣõصʱḶǮΪʹȨķáķãǿԼһռ۶ɡ
ɣ
ξٹüͷҲ̫ˣ㻹˵ĳ
ˣɲô˵ģõ֮Ҫɣ϶ҪǮɣڷ沼ø󷨡ʶ󷨣˵Ҫþ󷨣ЩɶҪǮġۻҲǣҪɣҪ£ʿͻɣһϵ˹ãֱ̫ˡ
˵ţһҪܶǮӡ
˵Ҳһֵɻ̫ˣҾԲӦɣҲǶ԰֣õĴ棬õȥһѵķã׬ġ׬٣ǾͿıˡ
ãɽ
ޱˬ˵
ξٹһ֪Լϵˡ
ǹҲɣɣȫǱǴˡ
ͻȻıˣ黹Լɡξٹ˵ţȻǳˡ
ðɣҵĴ⡣ɫһ䡣
뷨Ǻܺãһ㽱ġξٹЦЦվҪʵ˵㲻һмˣôĲƸ䵽˵Ǻ㣬ҲΪá
ʵ˵ôҲЦ
ʱξٹɫ͵һ䡣
оΧĿռ˲䱻סˣȻ޷ֺҪ֪ϲ񰡡
ĶͷѾһϸܵ亹

ξٹ𾪣ǵҲǱˡ
־Ͳ
֪ʵǻ˻ֿռʧˡ
ξٹԼܶˣ˺ü
ʶѸɨξٳǣȴûκη֣֪ոճֵλ
ɾɣҪʥʱ׿˲Сξٹ˵ţˣΪ˵һɵˡ
ܺã졣΢΢һЦԷһǻǩһͬɡ
áξٹ˵ʲôǵҪǩһνĺͬ
ǡЦЦպúͬת뿪
֮ڣλ񶼻оһ
ˣôӦˣ
ҲӦһλ˵λġξٹ˵ţˣҪȥһŽɽʥʣǰ޹˵黹Ҫʥ˵С
ʥʻӦôһλü
ʥʿ϶Ӧξٹ϶ޱȵ˵š


1470 ôѧԺ
ξٹ뿪ĵһʱ䣬Ͱˡ
ʥôлҲҪеѧԺ֮ȴֻһ뷨

ʱĹȥת۾һ¡
ξٹŽɽˣڶԼǡ
ʥͬˣͬʱʥת㣬ξٳֻԵ㣬ķУʥʮǳضԽ㿪ξٹ˵ţڣʥʻ˵Ļ
áǵ˵ͷҲЩ⡣
һտŵûзϡ
ʮ֮һѵһķó

뿪ˣξٹǵıӰ˳˼֮С
ʮ֮ƾԼǿ֪ʶһܺķز
ˣξٹѯʵ
˵ȼ򵥽һ¡ճ˵һǵأһĶ棬ҹ滮˱Ͷ㣬㲻ͬ˴ε󣬴Ļſһ˵ľס󡣵ȻΪǵ㣬һ滮һҵ֡ǵ˵ţΪǵ̻Լξٳǵܸԣ滮ݻԺܵ͡
˵ţǰһЧͼ
ϸĻʵȫһסլСķŴ
ǱҲһǧƽӦǶˣҲ㣬Ƶĵͦ˼ҲŶƽξٹ૵ۼأǮһƽ
˵صˣͬλʵ۸һ۵Ļһʯһƽףһļ۸ʮʯҡǶʮʯһƽһ׸߲ļ۸ǧʯҡܼƵĻڶʮʯ̵Ļʯϸ˵š
ʯξٹǳ˿Ҳµˡ
̫٣̫ˡ
һǧĶǰסլһڵʯ׬
ֱǱ
۸Ǹ˶ɡ
ξٹǵ񣬱Щ
Ϊ˷ֹЩ˽˳ǣסͺݶǹЩӣʵֻһĲȨһ֮ǱҪһʹ÷ѣסͬᱻȥ
ʹ÷ѣξٹǣһ䣬㻹ܸһô
Щ΢ŬһĻһ֮˰ϡЦЦ
ãԼȥЩһ˵Ļ۵ĻҪʱ䡣
ôһˣǿξٹЩѾҵһרŵķز˾ֽ¶ز޹˾˾ȫȨĿĿ۹
˾
ξٹЩ±ƣʰ
Ǹξٹһ飬ξٹɵˣⲻҪĵزˣҪ߸簡
պͬǻڿ֮ǰһɵķãΪ֤𣬲
ûôʯĻǷš
ǷŵǵȷҪǷţϾһɵķҲ٣ҲʮʯɣԼһʱ䣬ǵʱһòôʯĻҶһɵس۷ã൱ڳ۶ɡ
ãû⡣ξٹԥӦһʱ̫ˡ
ҲһҪ˳һģ֤ģĻҲҪһӣŰ˵ľС
ôҲԡ
죡
죡

Դ뿪֮ξٹڹעǣǵȥŪʮʯȥ
ţǸšһ²߽˴ԵЩȥ֮󣬰ǳȥȻųĻڳǳĸתһ飬˾޴ĺ䶯˶Ҫķӣ˳Ƴ׸ɲ򷿵ߣڲŹȥһ£Ѿ£˶ʮʯ׸
ɣξٹ췿ӵǮˣĲ񻰡

ǱߣĳԱ¶ز޹˾
ĻԱĿҲڼӣۿžҪͻأֱǺš
ʱѾֲߵˡ
е鶼ܲȥԼǿʼ
֮󣬵һڵķӽˡ
˴ӳᵽ˳ڣ˾޴ĺ䶯ξٹһѡ
һСֺ˼а
Ҫ뿪һʱ䣬ͽˡס˵Ļһһķߵ磬ĵڶλ᳤
ǣ᳤
ܲ˵ͷǵĻѾκεɡ

뽪һ˵Ӱʧ硣
ǰһΣѾǱ任ʱա
ôѧԺ˵⻰ʱһ亹ð˳


1471 ɿռ
ǵһθо˿־壬ӦûصѧԺģΪʲôİĵط
ǰΧһصֻǸһ£Щ
ЩĵȽ̫ˣֱƽ
ϵͳģΪʲôкϵͳ
ϲ㣬ǳĺɿռ䡣ϵͳ
ңɿռ䣿ǺǺˣˣôҪѧԺģʲô
Ȼĵط˰˹ϵͳȻϵͳѵõЩȻϵͳģ֮ǻʲô뷨ǵѣʵҶ޷ȷ
ʲô˼
˼ܼ򵥣λҲ֪ҪʲôǸľ绮֣ǲھŽ׵ֶĪ⣬Ǵܼģָ㡣΢һܶ뷨ڱϵͳľסܣڱҪʱ뿪ϵͳһ˵ô໰Ǹ
ᱻץȻɺɵС˰ɡ
ʱǰЩǿɢˣʱѾ֪ʲôȻǴ˵еĺ֮
˵ǿϲ˼ڣܲ˵дôġ
ǰֳһéݡ
éǰһŰ׳Ĺڹ£һʯʯΧʯʡ
λӡǺɡɣһӦΪ׼ģû뵽һɿռĲ𣬶ǻҡ
ǹ˹ȥ
һéǰأĿʯԵϣ˴Źӵ鲼һͷɢţԵòޱ߷˿һžƣ۾ȴǶǰһɫ鼮ӦþǺɽˡ
硣ɳ
˴˿̧̲ͷɣֿǣ˵ɣʲôˣΪʲôɵ硣
⻰ȴûش𣬶˳ȥ
ʱƲˡ
֪ɺɶڴԼʱóһƲУû뵽ǱǷˣǴʲôʱʼģ
ħʱͿʼˣʵעһЩħĶ֪㣬˵һȺˣȻܲĽҵ档ʱĵһЩӡǣֻǿϧ뿪֮ӡҲ͸ӦˣѭӡҹȥҲͲˡɵ˵ţЩ¡
㻹ʵôЦЦĿǡ
ףкɣҵǻǲҪ֪ΪáʱȴǵĮ˵
֪ҵ֣һҪ֪Щֵ֪Ķûм
Ȼ֪һ֪顣˵ţﻺס³ˣѪսʿ塪³˼̳ˡԪ׺ϵϵȣϵеȣΪ˵18ɼѪѪսʿѪ޼һԱõָʵλƵڽֿص£ƿ棬Ϊڶλƿߡ
⡭ôܣһ
һԵĺɶסĿɿڴ
֪Ҳ̫ϸˡ
֪ҵôɵԵЩֱĿǣ뿴ЩʲôǾһƬ׵գϵͳصĺܺãȻʲô
ûʲô˵ģɿռô򵥡ǵ
⻰ɻ࿴һۣ֪ڽʲô
ôǻǿĲɣǴҽѻ꣬ôһȰһ䣬ûκεĺôȻ޿֡ǿһ£Ϊʲô֪ôЩޱȵ˵֪άôҪ׷Ѱҵʵ԰һάȵǸάؿһУͨԼĹȥδ
ɺʱЩ
ЦЦϵһƣǺƵİɣɼǸвٵĲϣƳģˡ
˵ţһ
̵ģǺƵƵİôǼ
ԭ֮Уһ˵򣬶һƿߣȴǱˡ
ã̲סһãǺþƣһŻȥͲˡ
ؼƵЧ̫ˣȥ˲С
ǣ˵ţϵͳһȥװȥˣװҪ¶ˡ


1472 ʮչ
ɺɻںؿǡ
Ǻɿռ䣬Բ˭߾ߵġ
뿪ôף
ɾ𾪵Ŀ֮УǾͻأʧˣǳϵʧǴûһ
뿪ˣߵǸղŵλãɿռĿռݣǴﵽƿ߼ƿ˵˭ʵƺǺǿô뿪
˼˵ţһǰʮ֮ǰĳ
ʱôҲԣÿ뿪ģҾͲһ߶ɵ
Żٹȥ˶¶ޱȵɫ
Ϊʱݵĳ֮УȻֻƣûǡ
ƺǣûгֹһ
ⲻܣովԾ¶˾ޱȵɫȥ޷ıģʱԶǰƿ߶޷ı顣ͨʱݣ׷ѰʱĹ켣Բ鿴ȥ飬ҲǷϴ淨ġǰʱ֮бóֵ˲ˣֻ뵽һֿܡ
ʲôܣɺ
ˣ߾ǸոǸԼĨȥԼʱ䳤֮µӡǣһļ󡣲֣ⶼֵǺúоһΪңڶ޷ȫĨȥԼʱ䳤֮дڵӡǡǲһֱоߵľôҲѾҵˡ˵ʱ¡
˼ǣҲɫ΢䡣
Ȼ˵ʱԶǰ޷ĵģȫĨȥԼʱ䳤֮еӡǣʲô˺氡ɵ˵ţɣܣ㲻һô
ס̫ˡ

ѧԺ֮С
һ͵ؾǴ˼ڴ꾪հҾȻŻˡǺɿҵ¡ʵ̫ǿˣ˭֪ʲôڵʵнѧԺܣнˣҲܾԷġϵͳ˵أ
˵ĲɺɶǲླھŽ׵ĴڣѾٷ֮ʮŵܡûлܺǶԿʵ֮ǰߵֻ̫Ϊǵо󡣶õоزġ
ϵͳ˵ţԵЩء
ϵͳǲоңоɡͨε飬ǿӳĲܡڲླ֮ϵһִڣֻڻ޷㵽ʲôڵʽʲôġǻ˵ţЩϬ
ϵͳĬȫû
΢΢һЦһ죬һŪеһСڣҪúˡȻЩգҲ˾޴ĺôȣҴʮƵĺ֮ΣҺ˺ɵһӴԼ򾫻ƣǳ
ܽǾԼ
޵Ŀռ֮УʼúЩĶ
Ǿǿͷųȥ֫ٺתħٲ塣
ҪƵ޷ŵ񹦣š
ʱȥĺܺķ
ʮֳ֮һصϢħٲŵ
ʶҲ׿Լÿһͷ衣
ھĹͷȫһģ˲ٴξۺ
һĵڶ׶Σһ۷壬ֻһܴﵽһĵ׶ΣʶԼϸ֮С
һЧѾǳҵԤˣʮƵĺ֮ţ¯ת¯֮߶¯ݵĻɵİտԳɹ
չء
һĹȥʮȥ
û뵽ʮƺ֮Ҫôʱ䡣
ҪǺ֮Ƚ̫ˣȽ׵Ļ֣֮Ӧ߽
֮ĵȼҲų׵ӡ
֮󣬻õĺôԶ׼ģӭ
ǵ׶ε¯ڿ˵Ľ׶ΣҲһ׶Σһ׶ξתΪ¯
Ľ׶ε¯ڲֳռ䣬Ԫ磬ȫ˰򱶡
ȫһ
ʱҲˣ¯Ľ׶ε¯ת䣬ҪЩռʹԪȫҪĵǾ޴ġǳõЩྦྷͲʯͶȥǱˮн
վӰһͻصѧԺ
Ժˡۿǣ¶ϲɫһ£ҪԴ
Ŷʲô£Ǻ档
ѡҪʼˣѧԺȻų⡣˵ţԵЩŭ


1473 ֪Ե
ѡʲôôû˵ס
ԺҲŶѡ˽⡣ѡɽܱһһٸϾٰһοѡΣÿǧһΣһٸ֮ڣΪڷ쾳⾳ŶԲμӡѡϣųÿǰһţһЩѧ澺ʱ򶼻׳֦ŵƵȥǡ̲Ϊ˵ȴһ졣ۻ˵
ԭѧԺųʲô˼Ǻ
ģڰѡʱЩţ뱻ѡίϿɲУҲǻνʸ񡣿ѡίᷢɽʸ֮Уֻɽ澺ɽѧԼɽûѧԺҲ˵Ǹ޷ڰѡʱѧ˵ţЩޡ
ѡ˵ҲСˣǳһ漶츳Ŷ֡ѡȴǲѧԺЩ˵ȥˡǻȥҸȻٿôʢܴˡ

硣
ҵһˣ̵ӯ꾴ۡ
ѧԺԺӯ꾴ۿǣȴǶǿߵءɽû˲֪ѧԺԺӵвླʵɱĲࡣ
ôˣҲˡǻ˻֣ʾӯ꾴£ҾͿżɽֱ˵ˣ˵һ𣬸һʲôѡʢؽӿֳţѧԺȴûлýȥʸ֪ʲôԭô
ӯ꾴ǵѯʣסȻ֪
ҡͷȷ֪
ӯ꾴룬ʼ˵Ҳѹ֣ҪҲѧԺʱ̫ˣҾϸĸԺ˵һ¡νİѡѾõ£ּΪʵѪҺĿǰͳµа齨һίᣬÿһһСÿδῪʼʱίԱԼڷȥίˣﵽˣͻᱻڰѡʱš
ŶǶҪʲô̲סѯʵ
һĻһۼǿߡΣٻҪһȵؾۺʵ֮ǰʮڡӯ꾴ϸ˵ţȻ󻰷һתȻ˵ô˵ʵûôϸǵܲж
üͷ˵ڶѧԺӦöϰɣ
ӯ꾴۵ͷòѧԺʵǿ
ǳ˼һ£׷ʵѧԺȷʵûʲôؾĻѵ治ܻýȥʸ񣿡
ӯ꾴ԥֹ
ӯ꾴ۣ㻹֪ʲôϸ֪
Ǻðɡӯ꾴ЩεʵİɣһϣرĻҲбίĳԱ룬Ȼίȷ֮󣬸ڰѡʸ񡣡
ر죿΢ѧԺд۳ʮλ㲻ر죿ѧԺۺʵڱָģڶԿʱ򣬿νǾӹΰ㲻ر죿
㣬κһرˣǽ֮˵ӯ꾴۵ͷ
ȻˣΪʲôѧԺûлʸ񣿡ǵԵЩ¡
ΪΪίĳԱûаѧԺȥӯ꾴۸ܵһɿֲƣҲ
ûбȥȻΪûбȥ̲סЦңɽίĳԱ˭ĸģ
ǱˣʵɽĹǬӯ꾴˵ʱһɣˣ֪Ķ˵ˡԺˣ͵û
ǵ˵ͷ
ӯ꾴߹ɫЩ
Ǭɽˣ㾹ȻһѧԺãõúܣҵġܾˣ㲻֮еɽôҾ뿴ǰɽȫˣɽ񹬵ܰô˵ţ˳硣
ֱɽ
˿̵ɽ˼ʮսɽȶ
ǬٴմȨܲ
ؼǱҲϢ׹ݻȥһǿĿɽ
ʹ֮УǬ뼸ӺȾ֡
ȻһǬҹ


1474 ֱ
Ǭһ¶ηɫ
ɽĹҲǲԾͣĹ
Ǻܺ˭ֱ֡
ѧԺԺǬסɫ
ѧԺԺҲ̫ˡһüһҪһѵȻ֪ɽ˭˵㡣
ѧԺԺΪǽֵʱѾҪˣһӻڣЦ
˵ˣѧԺԺ߲ƣҲʲôˡǬ˵ţӰһ˹ϿգֱǣѧԺԺֱ̫ˡȻλʵɽøʵ㣬Ȼȥ޻ء
ȥ޻أܺãҲڷʲôˣǿżɽֱ˵ɡΪѡɽΪʲôûаѧԺϱȥǲܸһĽͣҲɽһ˵ţɱȻ
ҡǬŭΪԼλʵͲ֪Լ˭ˣ׹ǻʵ˿
׹ôΪĻϻˣֱ˵ΪʲôǵѾûˡ
㲻֪ԭôǺãҾ͸㣬ԭܼ򵥣ڰѡʸ񣬱һҪӵһڶȵؾǾ֪ѧԺûʲôؾȻҲ޷ѡڼʸˡǬЦԣңѧԺԼĸ
ôô˵ر죬һ޷ﵽҲǿԻѡڼʸ񡣡ǿǬ˵š
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˵ʲôǬס⻰Ҳס
ҵ˼ǣɽؾӽ֮ݽѧԺˣҲ೤ʱ䣬һɣһ֮Ҫȥ˵ţһֻ̽ռ䣬͵һץȻץһŻͨǸŻһɽؾ
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˵ôݽһɽؾ˵ţɽؾķǵͺȵ˶ҹԺһ꣬ɽؾѧԺӹˡ
ɽؾ֮УЩչصըһ׷׾ѡ
ʲôѧԺҪӹɽؾ
쳷ѧԺҪɽսˡ
ҾͲɽ׹滹ڣѧԺȡɽؾܡ

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˱ӳȥ֮ŵĻ
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ҷ裬иءǿǬɱⲻϵӿֳѧԺǿԻʸģֻΪ뱨ѧԺûаѧԺȥΪҲ֪ôѯʣ㻹ͼƱ磬ﵱȻˣ֮ǰ˵ģɽͻһɡ
˵ţһֳֻǬץ˹ȥ
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ˣȻ˵ɽսǾǰɡ赭д˵ţһﲻ֪Զʲô񹬣汻ǵǿɽˡҾ֪ɽټ֮⣬ѧԺǵﲻġ
Ȼڮ񹬣һ㣬ڿǴشˡ׹
ϻˣɡ˵ţȴǼǬץȥɱǬ
㻹ǲ࣬ΪԼܷˡ׹ţһȭ˹ȥ޴ȭͷΪһĹ֮γһǡ


1475 ҵ
Щ֮ϸ˿ȴ
ǵһ޷ֵ
ʱȴǴ߶зģ͵ŤĿռ䣬һĹ
һȭ׹ź˹ȥ
Яһǧַһȭϸ˵Űپʮַ֮ȭǻ֮ȭ
֮£׹һ𣬲ʵںӴϵʱǿ˺ö࣬ǿ¡
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һ졣
˷ֱܵ˵Ĳɽ෿ݷ׷׵ҲŵԶ
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㲻ҵĶ֣Ĳ࣬һλλ飬㲻Ǵ۶ѡۺͲĲ࣬Ǹһ㼶׹˵ţ㿪ǵعɽſ񣬿Ҳ㲻á
Ҳã˵ʲô󻰣бʤ˵ǼЦ
ܺãǲײĲᡣ׹ŭ˵Ҫл𣡡
һָĹ߾Ȼһ档
ЩǷ֮Ƿȼա
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𣬲֮ǲླ߲㻹֪ɣླһֻ񡢴ԪתΪȻˡǵ˲ླڶףһĵ׶Σܳסȼղֻ棬ϵ𡣡׹Į˵޴ǰķһľľȼͷų֮ǰȼֱһһ¡˵һȼĲ࣬ȫԶԸʮûеȼĲ࣬ҲʮǰŽ֮͹ıŰԼƽһĵ׶ΣӶȼ𡣡
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ס׹ţΪԼĿռ䷨򳬹׹Ŷѡ
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Щߣ۾ڷ
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Ƿ˼ȻѧԺԺʤˡ
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ﶼûгȥͱһεķ֮ǽסˡ
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1476 ʦ
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ЩǬӶǻ֣̿׷ܣΨֱ꼰㡣
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뿪һСʱ֮𶯣ܱߵǱˡ
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һްĵش񱩡
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ޱߣһͳɽ
һȺ־ŵսʿ׷״

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أֻǸոյǬȣˡJ˵ţǬҪȣѵٴˣ
ǽ壬ѧԺԺˡҲȥǬˣѾѧԺԺɱˣ׹ҲץˡɽѾ״̬Ǳߵ־ֿʼˡӯ꾴ۻ˵ţ˭뵽ڽ֮ʱ򣬶ĺúõǬȻˡ
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ȣĻӣ϶ǿѧԺԺˡԱһŮ۾ЦǺǵ
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ܽʦĵ㲦ЦЦ
ʱ򣬱ͷŵ׹ųǰ
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ãǵóһԼ飬ָָѧԺԺвླλ̫ҽɣ׹ΪѧԺвʦΪһԪһԪ֮˫飬ƸԶ˳һԪЩûĻǩְɣ


1477 ѧԺʱ
׹ܸܵԼ֮еǺԥѡǩ֡
һλˡ
һֻһԪֱ׬ˡ
׹ǩ֮һɣԺԺָ̡ˣԺʲôԸܿڣһľƴǡ
ͦʶ࣬ͼıɣü׹̫ˣе㷴Ӧ
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һᣬǾʹ׹Űְȥˡ
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һ֮
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Ȳ˵ˣҺΪɽҰִ֮־ٴɽĻù飬ͬһɽͿ̿ȴҲЩ̡ɣȥǸִ۾ʹֹȻĻɽѡһʵĹΪʲôνֻҪǬôԲоСǻ˵š
ǣԺ׹ŵͷҪ뿪
ˣ˵ɽ񹬿ٴ˹мɵİգǺȻѯʵ
˵֮У񹬿϶˹׹룬֮⣬ཱུٹأϴҹѾѾ޴ۻȡһƬ֮ӣδٻôĴۡ
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˭˵ץˣһ׹ŵĮЦţ˼ѾѧԺڲţҹ˲١
㡭㾹ȻѧԺѧԺԺǰǬɱˡִЩ̿
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ٷŭҲûã۾úÿɽ򵽵˭˵㡣㻹һʱʱ͵ˣǾѧԺʱ׹ųˣʲôУȻԺ֣Ҷɱ㡣
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׹ɽĻӵܿ˷ܲѡ
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˵ͷ
ҵǣһ˵ɽµĹǻôʹ㿪ʼɣô׹ָָǰһӡ
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ģѧԺԲ

ҡҪǵ˹Ҿ͡ѧԺͣԺ󶼲ȥѧԺһ𣬶һž޲׹ţȴ۾һ
ͽͽ
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ӵܣڵ귢ѡ
ֻʱ׹ȴǻڣʮ߻ǰɣңʲô֣


1478 ֮Ů۵
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Ӹ֮ԱǵʱɱȻźѧԺͣһѪûС֣Ҫݺݷ
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׸ôȻΪһ㣬ΪҪġ׹ţȻȴǺãӽԺɽµĹ
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ʱҲ׹š
׹ĮһЦ֪ԭôҸǣϻ֪ͨʱˣԺѧԺ˵㡣ڣԺҪһ˵ɽҵһιЩűѧԺĿ϶ʺϣֻ׸û뷨һɽĹ
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̤ʯ׵һɲǣڵļ˶ɫ䡣ǰɽȻǺӣǿ֮һ㡣ǹ貣´ǰƮǺһ׷ص硣
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һоĵıȶǶ
ѾܸܵѧԺѧĻԲһͨѧԺ
һֱɽѧԺǰԺ
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ȳڿȥȴǷǰһƬޡ
ʱһ𣺡֪ˣ֮Ů۽ɡ
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лǽȥ
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1479 С
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Ȼ֪ǰ˭һȻԵЩ֪

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ãõġȿԼǵĲ࣬ѾȫһϣԺҹǴѡίʽѧԺ뺯ġ֮ǰǬѧԺûлڰѡʸ񣬶ԴǸ
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ôĲʱ򡣡˪˵ţһ߳ȥ͵ߣλ֮Ůôģ·ôСıˡǼ̸ɣһһûɣ
û⣬ʲô⡣ЩЦãⶼʲôʲô
˵ʲôʱ˪ٴοڵˣϹ֪ǼԱߵôϹˣһŮˣƯˡ֪֮󣬵ʲôûз˭֪û죬ϹǾ˫˫׹¥ھڵأ쾳ô׹¥ģ֡
֪ޱȣ֪˵ʲôá
˵һ飬ҵһ磬ϹһŮסˣˡ̫ˣȻΪɱˡǵģɱʲôͲɱŮˣɱˡ˪û˵꣬ͱһˡ
һ£Ժˡɫܲû˵ѸٵĳѧԺ
ԲԲŰȵıӰ̲סЦ˪ݸ
ôҸոݵĵλڶС˪
ݵ̫ˣӾٵò̫ã´ҽô˵ԲԲЦЦҿǺоģһǧͥķḻ顣
ҲǡҷˡǺε˵
ʱһӴϢ
̲ס̧ͷȥֻǿ֮УǳȻ˸
죬ǳ֣񣡡ţȻ̲סϲǳʽˣҪʽʥɾˡ


1480 ǳ۾
ʥɾ磬ҲĽ۾֮
ǳɾ͵۾ǳһȷʵȴҪκε۾Ҫǿ
Ժ˵Ȼ۾磬ȫսĽȷĵ۾߽ȷĵ۾
˽ףһս
ĸߵͣһߵʵɽһȷĵ۾޼Ҳһÿһһȷĵ۾ĺ䶯Ǿ޴ģһȽȽĴۡ
һȷɾʹۣѹһʱ
ߣȥǼе˵ţȻҲһȷ򣬿ϾĽ֮ȫһġ
˪˵ͷǳȥ
磬ڻæɽ֮Ů۰Ҳͣ˽Ų
ˣյģٹ֮ڵǳȫѵ˴˵еǳ򡣵ȵȣ˿쿴ЩǳĹâȫͶɽеķǳ򣬳ɾ˵۾֮Ůָָɽеķ
ѧԺѧ񡣡ȵʶ֮£Ѿһ¥꣬˵ɽؾʱ򣬾ͲǳǴ۶𾪲ѣرǹʱ˵飬ǴǷɵˣȻر͸񡣿Ź˶꣬Ȼǳɾ͵۾ǳǴ˲֪˵
ǳǿһȷ򰡡ַɾ͵۾ԺѧԺҪһλۡǲɽЩŻѧԺѧȱȣڿܡ˽ģɽѧԱ棬ϣһȷҲһˡɾһˣҲֻеϣѡŮ
һȷôģѧԺܳһѧڰѡʱ򣬻ȥЩǳطţһǱַȥģɽؾһƬǳǿҲѧԺУǲѡ񡣡ȳ˼һ£֪Ժ϶ᱻѧԺ߲ٵѧ
۾ϲˡһֻɽɽ֮ɳһӣȻǳ۾һֱͺ۾ɽû뵽ϵȻֳһλ۾һһλһȷĵ۾ңǧǰϵܱ߼ĴѹӲдȴǳΪһƬʥء
۾лˡҳɾ͵۾ҪѧԺ̰࣬
ͻƵ۾磬Ҫһ֣ʵȻһ㣬Ҳ˽ףǿͺô۾
ã⡣ЦЦʵ֮ǰжս۾ʵ۾Ҳһĵ۾ʵǵĵ̣ѾͬնֵĻֵֻĻҲ㹻ˡ
ӰһѾǿ
аɣ
ãҪСˡ
۾һȫΪһɽɽһѧԺֶΣƿռ䣬֣޿ɷȫǷɽı֡
úã
ȵһֻ͵һץȻΧǹⶼǸǿ֮קȻ͵سһγһǹ֣Ͱǻɽĳ۾Ǻӡ۾Ҳз½֮УȴһΪǧٴγ
ֶΣԺǴһ֮㵹ǸܱӡЩϲȴҲķֺֻٴһץٹ֮ڵǷһǿһӾͰǧɽǣסˡ
ƣ
ǵͺһȻһִǡ˸ĹâۻûзӦͱâУϵسźȥ֪⻹ˣȻȫֱɱ
ǳ򣬼ͷΪһ塣һ֮ȫӵɹ˿أֲô׷һȷ򡣡۾Ըķ䣬˵ǳɾ͵۾ٹڵǹ󣬶ǳɾͲ࣬ȴʮǳ󡣵ʱϵܿ󣬺ڴɾͲһ졣
ҲڴЦЦ
һĵ۾ûзŵģǳɽǵһγ֣ҾӦõõһšЦЦ
ţǶʵϿɡ
ñ֮Ů۰ȣ֮Ů۾ķţ֮ŮۿǴۣŵʱҲѾǴ۾ˡ
ֱǳΪ֮Ϊǳ۾ɡ룬ѧԺ˸Ӧˣռţ˵Ժͻֵٵˣдô


1481 
һĳּ¶
˼Ƭ֮˵ͷǺãԺҾͷǳ۾
ΧٹۿһĻ˶̲ס
ǳ۾ԺǳˣƶǶ֡
ڵһƫԶ۾Ȼֱˣȴһ㡣ɷһ㲻ǳҳɾ͵۾ԺѧԺ֮л˭ҵĶ֡һܼǿġ
Ұοһǿѹеļʣ
ҦܵѧҲǣ־һȷͻƵ۾磬ʵܶ˶ѾǡʱҪ̲סįû㹻ģǰˡ
Ͼ۾׳ɾͣһȷɾ͵۾ˡ
һȷɾ͵۾Ϣܿ촫𾪵ͬʱҲ̾ѧԺǿ󡣲ܻûʶֻһʼ֮ѧԺһȷɾ͵۾ĳš

һ֮ǽ飬뿪ѧԺ
ҪȥԼ֧ȥѰѧԺʦ
Դ뿪Ѿһǧˣǻܸܵ񻹻ţľΪˡ
һλƬʶǰǻ֪ȴ˸ʶı֮ǰһһλǿĴڡǻҪԲ񾳽֮ϣȻƬڻţܡ
Ȼв̽
ٴνȴһֲͬĸܡ鲼ȻŸְǲӣЩ֪ɢģȫҲԴͷ
ԶȥܸӦ
һ·жȥصΧʼŸΣա
ͬʱռҲù
ʱһط㿴ǧԶǵһȥȴǾ͵ǰʱ㿴һܴ󣬿ǵǰȴֻ֥СܹоķȫŤˣԽǰȥŤԽԡ
꣬Ǿͨռ䷨мζ·
ǷĲһ㣬֮еĻҪ࣬ڵλãȴǻԶءҪ֪վĵطѾ̤㡣
Զһɫĺ֮С
Ǵɹʱֻˮ֮кȻֻһɫۼ׵޳˹

һץȥҵʩչ޸о뵽ĳ֮УȻ󻩵һ¾ͱһ⡣
Ȼɱޣȴҷ˿
Եĸоˣȫһ֮оȻವӵķ֮Щ֮γһ񡣲Ȼûʲôʶֻǻеáɾ޵ʵҲﵽһĵ۾
ֹ֪˶ãǸоԼﻹߵĵش
ˣ˵ǵ۾Щλ鶼ܡΪĿռ䷨ȫŤǱˣʧ˷
ǡ
ǵʶԶ̽ȥˣΪǰȻһЩˡ
ˡ
ܣ˾ͨռ䷨ˣ̫ˡһӳֵǿһﾳŽףǾǴǾֻһֿܣﱾʹڵ૵
𣡡
ʱһ޺е
ʱע⵽ԭ˾Ȼɱޣ޳žŸԴ¥ôߣһͰһòƷ˳ȥ
ȣͷԳѾףǸǶ֣ܰɣһƤӴ
УͷԳŴɧŴӣνˣҪٹȥӶҪˡǴսʿ岻ݴǵΡΣһҪɱˡǽпȵŮ˵ţһ䵶žͷԳ˹ȥ
䣡
һ˾ͷԳԴϣǾȻ˽ײǾͷԳһ鶼ûУԴһһͷ­ϵĶǲѿȵ̸Դ
ǿܹȥȴٴλӵ˹
Ѿ׼ŭ˾ͷԳһ£һɫĻ˳͵ؾͰѿȰ˽ȥͬʱԾһԾͰѿȵһͬ˽£ֻǲͷǲҲ϶ǲзˡ

ͷԳһɧļһٴ˻ŵ˷׷׺ˡ
ʱŸԴͬʱ̽ȥҪѿȸҧƬ


1482 
¶˾ֵɫͷԳľŸԴȫеƶͬʱһɿռסܶܡ
ȣ
ͬɾԮҲˡ
ˣ
ԼҲ֪
ɾʱһƴǾͷԳץ˹ȥ
ͷԳоʲô̧ͷǽƣ˷ŭ˻ľŸԴҲͬʱ˺ҧȥ˺ҧȫûͣٷֺƼֻһ죬ͷԳͱĵʯ֮Уһغˡ
ȼ˴ʱ¶ޱȵɫ
ʱѾھͷԳʬԱ߳һӡ˵ˣȻǡòˣȻȥҪ˴һоѾԶˡ
лǰȿǣȻǴ֣뵽ǸոձֳʵȴҲаֵĲ
ǡˡЦЦȿǵͬ飬ˡ
ȫĹͷˣϢûϣӦֻǻԹȥˡȵһͬȥǸͷԳڽµӣιһźںҩ衣
⻰ġʱֻٵߵ˾ͷԳԱߣžͷԳһԴ䵶ȥȻһɫƶСĺɫӡͬ˿˾ͷԳ˸ͷ­ҲҵһСֻ࣬ɫЩӡ
ǰսƷ˵š
Ŷǽӹһϸһ£Ȼ¶𾪵ɫȻܵһ淨ǸоһŻԵѳɵƬһⶫЩ˻ԹĻ϶ӻϵ
Ȼ֪ⶫľ֣ѾȷⶫǱ
Դ˼һ˿ӣһžȻǿռ䷨ᣬеôġ
ǺãҾˡǲûѯʿʲôΪϤѯֻᱩ¶һߡ
ǰͷԳʬҲǱҪҪǰ㴦һ¡ȳ˼һ˵
Ͳˣˡ˵ѾϸܹˣͷԳʬ֮Ҳ̺Ųٲӵķ֮ͷһЩ⣬ûжô
ȼ⻰¶˾ϲɫ
ʱ˵ʲôһһһֻץסͷԳ¥ߵ壬ֱӾ͸˱ϡ
ǰҪشˡɱ˾ͷԳǣǴӵĴˡһشӣǺúдһ㡣ȳ˼һ£Ƿ룬ҲڴĿǡ
ðɡװԥһӦ
ȴͷһ˿žͷԳʬ壬˳Ŵȥ
·ϣҲòѯ
أŪһЩ͸ոտȴӾͷԳԴڳӣﱻ˺ޣԴ涼зһ£Խ󣬴ʵԽǿҲշ޵Լ̺ͬΪ١
ոǾͷԳŸԴķǾԣʻʺϲٴ
ģҲ֪˿ȴ֣壬һһǧ˵Ĵ䣬ǼǴǿսʿ縺ػӵΡ
һ·߻һǧԶڿһʯͷɵķӡ
ˣǵĴӡȽܵ
ܲĵطڵʱǴ˸ܵʲô׷״һķ˳
ǿǣǻˡ
ͷԳ쿴ɱ˾ͷԳ
ҿǴӵսʿˡ
߳ĿˣǴƤ·ǵԻںԭʼ״̬ȴԭϵΪֵĸоĴ˵еϹź磬ճֵʱ򣬻᲻ӡȻƼʲôĶÿȴʵǿ
峤ȶǰһ˵һ£λԺһλչضʿʵɱ˾ͷԳǡ
Ҵһǧ񣬸л˵֡峤˵ţٴҲѧŴ峤л
˳ֶΪ峤ˡ峤
ˣȻ˵ֻ˳ֶΪǶȴӡ˿֪ܲͷԳΪǴӣǴʮλǽĶӡ峤˵ţгŶԾͷԳĺ⣬ϢǵĹͣǾͷԳúд


1483 ħ
ϣĴ񶼵ˡ
ΧǾһԭʼ˵硣
һͷԳⱻֶʳ֮һȴǱ峤͵ǵǰֻǿϧǿ⿾⣬ʵûθڡ
ˣϲôȿǣֵ
ȣ˳Կ⣬ŵϵô̲ס
ϣ
ǵģһʳӿɿڵĶ˵ţóȻʲôģ˿棬Ȼ΢ӹһµݸ˿ȣ㳢ô
ܳǽӹƷ
ܿ죬϶¶˼ɫˣȻóԶˡ
ЦЦǰɣЩϿʳȡϧҴֵҲ࣬ɣһЩӣϲԵĻԼֲһЩ
ллˣ̫ллˡ˵ţȴѴ峤˹
峤ҲƷ˿⣬Ȼٴθм˲Ǵӵսʿ͸ֵϵӣǷԶǴ˵Ķ顣
ǷЩ֪ô˵ˣ͵ӶѣҲûʲô˵ġ
һֱ˰ҹ˲ȥϢ
ڶ죬΢΢
ǵĲǴ񣬶һ޵
ޣϮӡ
ħͷħΪͷԳˡ
ôܣħôҹˡ
ˣħ߽ޣǴӸס

߳˷䣬棬ֻ֮һͷǧ׳ЩǻĴ˵еȴûͷһԳԴޡ
ħ
¶𾪵ɫȻоͷħʵﵽλ񼶱
Ҫ֪֮Ⱑ
һͷ޾Ȼλ񼶱ʵЩֲˡ
ӭս
ȵȻֻﾳΪȴȻĳȥ֮УսʿҲ׷׳ȫǺη
뿪峤֪ڸȡʱ䣬ߴٴ뿪ˣҲߡħⷽԲİ߽ޣѾǡɱǸͷԳããһΪͷԳˣϣû뵽Ȼֱҹˡ
ԭ˵ҲһֵΣǾͷԳɱġǵ
ˣⲻѾӿ֪龭ͷԳˣﵽףɱ϶ҲǴӣȫԵ֪ˣҲǾͷԳˣԲħĹע峤ţЩڲ֪ô˳룬ҲͲڵΣˡ
𣡡֮еħ˷ŭǱɹľͷԳƤëǾȻɱҵӣҪɱǡ
ħԣβһ˦ͳſȵ˳ȥ
ȵȫûз֮ħβʹĿ˺ϵƤסǵϡϣҲǳһѪۣħβĳһӾܰǸ촷ۡ
ˣ߰ɣʱˡ峤˵ţΪҲֻǽĸ֣ħĶֻ֣ϣܹסҲǴΨһܹرǵˡ
˵껰֮󣬴峤ȴǷǲˡ
̲ס̧ͷȥȻǾˣֻǵӰ˿Уһֵֻħһץסħβͣһ³ǽһο
ɶ˭ħҲǱŵˣϵǿϢ
һǲˡ˵ţץסħβ͵͵ŵ͵ˤ˹ȥħûзӦͺ͵һʵײʹĲҽС
˿̿ǣȫɵˡ
ǿʲôǾȻǿħһս
ǿħǿޣ߽ޣ൱紫˵е񼶸֡
˸ǵۼ֣񼶣ȴ˿ţֻһʼûҳⷽ롣
оˣоˡǶ˷ޱȡ
ħһӺˤƬǵһأȴһɶĻ쵰ǵˣҪˣΪҵʳ
˵ţǾǷɳȥ
ϵ֣֮
һЦȴ͵һץ
ħֻоԼ뵽һߵ磬ûֱӾǴӿе
飡
һ죬ħٴˤ¡
ô£ȻһץʧȥսУйŹ֣˵ħԶɣ˿̱һŵȻߵ뷨
Ҳޱȣǿޱȵħûл֮һ
ߣǿħͼһٴץ˹ȥϵ֮֡ҵ磡
ʱħֻоһ޷֣ȻԼԽԽСձһСĿռ֮С


1484 Ĺ
ʱһУСĿռǵС
ͬ׹ţħʵֻλ䵽ǵУ޷Ŀܡ
ָһ㣬һ˿Դ֮СĿռ֮С
ֻһ˿Դ֮𣬿ǽȥ֮ȴǱ鲼ռ䣬ħֵܵסԴ֮ķգǲҽ

ħ޹ҡ

ǱҪոħһλʵޣҿǣŵ磬ҲһǿĴڡ
ҳ
ħ˿ƬѾڻˣǻȥܰճɷɻҡ
ſꡣ
ãã
ħæĴӦԥ
ʱʩչĿػطħ֮ӡ
Ĵ˿ѾɵۣⷽԲİħȻǸסˣ˵ȥ˭š
ɣ
ջԴָ֮һСĿռ鿪ħҲʹ
ˣ
һħǧ׳Ͱų
С㡣

ѵͷ˵
ǣǣ
ħС壬ת۾ֻһǰһСһ
⡣
Ǵ˿̿Ƕǳ˳ݡ
ˣһεǵĴӡ峤˵
峤ˣǾ֮͡룬ȻħѾոҲ뿪ˡ
ˣҪߣЩ
šǵ˵ͷٶ˵ʲôת뿪ˡ
ǵıӰĴǷ׷ߵС
뿪ӰĵطһɽͷͣѾȫסħԴħõһЩϢ
ˣôǿʵǰôû˵֣ħڵ
û˵֣ΪǴġǵ˵ħһģĸ棬һЩ⣬ֻҪʵشС
ǣˣħҲӦСȫǵƿ֮С
жôѾʼʡ
ˣзԲڹСֽɽ硣Ϲŵ伮أںܾǰ﷢һ֮ľսΪĳ߻һЩص壬
⣿
ǵģ˵άתЩ˵ֻǾ˵һ޴ĹĹ֮ʮʬ塣Щʬǹȥ꣬Ȼɢ
Ĺʮʬ
̲סһ¶ıӦþǵһԱҵҲͲˡ
ⶼǾ˵׿ף
ˣҲֻһޣľޣûһҲǧЩĶҸӴһǰ͸¶˵ĹȷʵڵģھھסѪɽ

ǿĴڣ鶼Ľ¡
ﵽʲô磿
Ҳ֪ǿھ϶߲һС
ħ˵ţԾ˾η
ǳûʲôλλλľ绮֡
еĲ࣬ͳһ֮Ϊ񼶸֡
־绮ֺǷ֮磬ȴȷ֮绹Ҫ򵥡
񼶸֮ǿľǾǵƲ⣬ʵҪλϡ
Ѫɽô£λģǼʵ
ѪɽһԼʮɵĴɽɽΪɫ˵ǱѪȾɵġλôһֱǰߣǧڹһ޴ĳǳأ֮ΪѪǣǳǱѪɽħָһ˵
֪ˡǵ˵ͷϸһ£ڵλþȻ򣬿Բɺϡ
ˣȥѪǰɣħЩɵʵ
ϣ϶ȥǵ
ˣҪǷҪȥĻһҪغԼݡ֪ߣ϶ᱻ׷ɱġħ
һ⣬һǧǰǲһ߽뻹ʵҲֻһʣħδ֪
һǧǰߣħһ£ˣҾͲ֪ˡһǧǰѪλǳֹһΡ
ֹ䵽ôţˣʲô򣿡
ʲô򰡣Ȼǿռ䷨ǿķ򡣡ħѿڶ


1485 
ռ䷨
ǵס
ɺϣǿռ䷨Ҳǿռ䷨
ҲλһƬܻʶ
ѰƬ䵽λľС
񻹻ţлᡣ
߰ɣھȥѪǡǲٵʱˣܼȣͻȻ֧Ҳʧˡ
ˣٿһ°Ѫ̫Σˡħ˵š
ǸᣬıһԼװһϵϢԼˡ
ȻòˣŷٵĳѪǵķȥ
ò˵ΪʬݻҲӵԡ
ȿռͱƿǧֹΪռ䷨ңǵٶȶ첻
һ֮м˲ٵΣգ׵޶նɱʮͷڿһ޴ɽ塣
ɫɽ壬ѪҺʡ
ˣѪɽˡħɽ壬ܵЩη壬ޣҪǱɽϵľˣ϶Ҹһ
ģϢַԣǾۿ㣬Ȼ뷢ǻûôסǵ˵ţ߰ɣǽǡν֪֪ˣսǱŪʵԼȷһʦ

ǣѡ
ǳصǾѪһΪʮֵ֧࣬ÿӵĶӳʵ
ǳ֮ڣǻĵʱڣ
ǻ˺ôһ򣬲ڳǳ֮ҵסĵطһѪɽСԺ
ħҪʶǱѪɽڼ䲻˴ңػ˹ֹǷԸ
ǣˡħӦΪһСǱСԺſڵʯϣĶΧ
ʱĵͷųʶϵسѪɽ̽ȥ
С˿ĵģΪǸҲͱ¶ˡ
Ѫɽ֮Уһ޴Ĺ
вٶǵۼ֣ɭϡ
ʶһ·̽룬ǱһĶԻסˡ
ץǸһôˣôһʵ
ţηһ˻شǸһﲻ֪ô£ôڶɱ
֪˵漰һܣǾͲҪϹˡ

ʶηķ̽ȥ
һ·£ǿһ谵ɭηη֮һĸɫˡ
ϸˣѧԺʦ
ֵֻǣܸоѾӵ˴ۼΪȴεסˣȫӲ
˼һ£ѡʶͨ񣺡ˣǵô
ͷһûе񣬺ȻǴ˷ܼһ͵̧ͷԺô̫Ϥˡ
ңС㡣
ԺˣٲҾҪˡ
ǾȥģڻȰ£סʲôۼʵܱסʲôɣ
⵹ǣ˵ˣʲôģǿǲǿǱסһǸͨˡ
⻹ãȥ׶ˡǻˣ˵㶼һǧ꣬ô£ǸľҪʲôʵʲô㲻з֮Ŷԡ
˵ﻹҪлԺˡԺ֪ܲҵǸһҲһƬʶҵʱҪ粻˵漯˴ƬҲһĸɵˣҲʵǿʱһɱĹؼڣҵƬʵܴͳɱĹؼ˵ֻҪңͻӵбһϵ꣬Ҳܳɱ䡣˭֪ȴôҲˣԭǩѧԺԼ飬֮ѧԺӡǣӡ޷ģԸҵںϣĻҲᱻѧԺԼԼȻԸ⣬ԾһֱţԸֶΡǰ˵ԵЩ⡣
ǩԼʱ򣬻һӣû뵽Լȴһ
ԭ֪Լ棬Ҳ֣ʵ֪ô
ԺҸоʵҲǿҲ²Ѿﵽ˲ླ׵λֻ֮һܽײླĽ׵Բ֮񻺻˵š
ʵüͷЩѰˡ


1486 ҵˣǣ
Ŀǰ˵ĻҲֻӵλս벻λĶ֡
λģʵ
Ѫɽ֮һڣͨһĹĵطÿһʱ˹ͻСʮ꣬һ£ŻϴȥѾʮ졣񿪿ڵ
ĹȻĴڣ
ţǾ˹׿˵ģдҲֻ̽ĹΪĹȴҲһΣյĵط
Ȼ㣿
ɷҲ֮ΪںϣԸںϵĻ֮еӡǾͻʧȥáΪԸںϣ˵ںϺĺôопƿĹһޱȾ޴ĺôָܻȫʢʱڵľ硣
ȷʵɵƵģԸںϡ
ǰӦôУҲǱһ̵֡ģҶԼʶں˵ǰˣĨȥҵʶҿ϶Ը⡣ԸҵʶΪҵǲ⣬ǼһҲôɵ
ڱԹҲ˼š
ܲã˹ĿǰţǵһĺľˣҲˡ
ʱĻǿ϶ðա
þ˹ڣȾ뿪ֻҪ뿪ɽ磬ҲͰȫˡ
ɽȫ汾ԴˣôĲɽ֮Ǻȴ汾ԴػģֻҪ뿪ʱ˹ҹҲǺ֮ȫ֣ʱץסˡ
ã
ܾˣȻҲຣ
պʶȡжħߡ
ˣȥİ
ȥѪɽˡ
Ѫɽ
źúõħ˿ŵֱˤ
ˣ̫Σˡ
ΣҲҪȥ
˵ţץħӰһʧӰˡ
ٴγֵʱѾѪɽڲÿռһ뵽Զط
ˣѪɽô
ǵģ˹;סʱڣǵĻᡣ
ˣðôΣգҪ˭
һѧԺʦ
˵ţٵĳĵطǱȥ
ٶȺܿ죬Ҳϵʩչռ䷨ߣһ·оա
ֱ̫̼ˣҴûԼھס⴩󡣡
̼ͷˡ
˵ţѾǰ档
ֻۼʱζܶǵߡ
ǣħ
ãˡ
ħΪһɫĹâɹȥĲӾҧһڡ
ûзӦɥʧʶ
ζ
ħͷֻһСԴȴȻһھͰ̽˶ӡ
Ժˡ
ţ뿪ǵʱ䲻ˡ
˵ţԺȨȻΪѸٵնס
ɾʱĸ֮мһصĿռ֮һһ㳯һ򴫲˹ȥ
ã
һ۾ͿˣǾ˹µһռӡǡ
˿ռӡǾͻᱻȻٴ
Ŀ˹Ȼһ֡
ʲôߡ
ˣˣ֪﷢飬Իǵġ

ˣѸٳ汼ӡ
Ҳʱһŭ𣺡֣ץסǡ
ʱ֮гһӰЩӰǿޱȣԶǲླǿߡ
˭ģ
ڸϻأԲ뿪
ģǸ߾˾ķˡ
಻ླǿ߲ϵɨѪɽһضŹ
ҵˣǣ
һǿ߿ǣһȭͳǺ˹

Ƕڱ֣һ㶼֡
һȭȥֲһʹݣǿ߾͸ɵ档
ߡ
ôĶҲע⵽ˡ
ģʶǸһǸħһ߽׵ޡ
ңңǿˡ
ħԼ޹ôǵæƱ
ɱǣ
죬ߡ
סһҪסȻǶҪ
ǿ֮УȻһǧǿߣȻǿҲǲླףۼһĳ棬˸о𾪡
ҹ
֪ʱȣﻹҵ飬һץҵʩչ˳
һǧλǿߣֻоһͷϮ޷ֵǵķҲһץץһ
ԥģǴҪ뿪
ߣ
һĮסоǴ˵ȴǶȻĳǰ
ǣ˹


1487 öĹ
ǰľ˹Ȼһʮӡ
Ǿ˹ܿѾĳɵĿռ䷨򣬲ླ׵Ϊ
ĳô
ţླĻƿطĳ̶ȡ
һȷĻĳɾܳΪλ飬ɾܳΪԲɾܳΪԲ
ܵʶֻһ⡣ҪˣΪһɣʱҾ㣬ңȫԻָȫʢʱڵʵ
ȥõģ˵úб¸ںϺҵʶΪ
˼ͱѾ˾޴ķ磬ԲΪ
˵˵ȥҸĨȥ㵱ɵҲùܱôģڱѾˣҾңһ̻𣬲ɵɵԸ
ִԲǾͱҲˡ
˹˵ţһƾͳ˹ȥ
ռѹȵϮҪֿƿصĿռ䷨˹޴ֱӾһ¶
ƣ
ʱȴһץȥҵʩչߵռ㸲ŵֵס˿˹һ
Ҳֻǿ˹һһɵʵûзӳ
ôĵӣߵôǸСߣħȻҲˡ
޹ġ
ħ󺰵о̵ġ
ұ졣
ЩħһΪū͵ĸоûС
˹ȴЩһٴ̽βǳ񣬶ǳǡ
ǿ
Ǹо˿ռ䱻ȫʧȥ˶ԿռĿơȻ޷߶ռ䷨ֻܴ߶зԺ֮еģͶǷתһıԴ֮к赲ס˹һơַڿ˹ǰʵ̫ˣס
飡
ǵɳȥ˼ǧһײѪɽ档
Ҳ֪Ѫɽʲô죬˵ײȴȻҲֻǲ˼¡
ռ䷨һȷ˹ѾĳɣֻʵɵĿռ䷨Կ˹ȫǶ֡ǷѹƣٶķЩܴﵽһʱ䣬վûκô
Щ֪֮Լˡ
ǿ˹Ķ֣취߲У϶Ҫ군
Ժô찡
롣
ˣҪͶɡ
Ͷá
ѪɽȻһ󵨵뷨ĹȥĹ㲻˵ĹԿ˹һȽΣյĵطôֻҪǽȥлѵ˹
ʲôĹ
ǵġ
Ĺأ
ҽ£Ѿоˡ
ˣҪ˹ȥΣգǽȥ϶ˡ
ħٶ˵һ䣬Ҿ⡣

˹ĵسڿ
á
Ӧţ֪ڹעһˡ
ʱӰһſ˹˹ȥȭͷһ£ˡ
ռܣ
˹һУһεǽھ͵סǵй
ԶԶ
㹥ҵĶ֡
ҵҲȲ㣬ԹԵıɣ
˹ޱȣȫûаǷ
ˣ
ԺĹڹȻ⡣
˹֪ԼĶ֣ոշĹ㣬ֻעѡǵӰȻɢٳֵʱѾħһͷѪɽ֮µĹڡ
ǾȻĹ
סǣ
Ϊʱһͷȥ׷ϡ
ռϣ
˹˵ţƾһռϰضȥ
֮ƣ
Ǵȵ߶ȫϺȥǷ۵ϰǰһȭͷСĶڡ
ˢһ£С崩뵽Ĺ֮С
ȻǽĹʧ㡣˹ɫҲû£Ĺ֮еķһ״̬ȥ֮󣬸ǻᱻԴԴϵĳȡ˳ɱˣȻҪԷһһǸȥ

紩ˮһ㣬ٴγֵʱһƬ嫵ǿС
Ƭǿ֮еʯġ
Ĺôǡǿǿ֮еһ޴ʯɽЩʯɽһԲεĹѨ֮С
ҵ찡öĹħѾ̲סѿڶ
йŹ֣ǸоûУǵһʧЩ˵
ģô£ħҲǾʧʧ޷ֹ


1488 Զ
Ǵ˿ҲǸоˣ˿̶ʧ
ϸ֮Уĵ֮Уӿռָ֮óһ鲻ʯڳɢ
̫Źˡ
ȲҪţʧʵʱڻɲʲôвؼĻǿ˹Ӧһطʶˣ˹ҵҲûôסǻ˵ߣȥЩĹһĹѨ˵ͻʲô
˵ţһĹѨȥ
һԲǧ׵ĹѨĹѨǴˡ
ĹѨǰ澹ȻһʯϵͨдģȴΪ֮һ
ңʥ̲ླĽԲڣһٲླ׵λһǧླ׵λ񣬰ǧླһ׵λ֮⣬ֻΪʥĽѰ汻ƿʱƬκˣƬûҵȴս롣֣ս壬ʱҲƬһЩϢ˵Ƭ䵽ϵʱӿѰҵٶȣشջǷƬɾȡƬʱͻƬΧԶһ磬ȫ뵽磬Դ޷뿪ǵҲƬӶȥͬʱκϢҲݲȥ
дǸǶô
ЩĹѨ֮еĲ飬ҲǺһ
ʲôƬȻЩֵ̿˵
֪ⲻ֪ǶټԪ֮ǰˣɽĹͼݲ飬涼ûЩݵѶϢϸһ£ǿڵ䣬˵Ѱ汻ƿʱƬʲô˼ѵָ棿
пܣ岻һô
˵ʲôôһ䶼ħȴǵ
һ֪ôʲô˵ţһʯĹ˹ȥʯĹȸողڵʯĹСһȦʵֻһλѣڲڣһµѶϢȴǲ٣иָ˺üһս
ȥһٶʯĹ
һ
΢΢һʯĹʯӵһߣʯĹҲˡ
ˣ
ǲԾ뵽˿˹ǸһӦûеڶ˽ʯĹ϶Ǳġ
˹ƿһأЩʯĹڿ治֪жٵĺö
ûôףֻһλĹǿھĺۼʯͷĶϺһ㶼ƽеĵطǱ˳ǧΡһĹӦþͻ˿˹ٵʱ䣬⻹ֻλĹЩλԲĹ϶ڡ
е
˼ȥڿĹ
ԵĿԿĹѨһָߣһ֮ЩĹһ߾ЩĹ
һĹѨǰ棬дѶϢһ֮ϵȡеһƬľϵƬ̺Īܣܵõһһʵʵһ¥ƬǶ˽³
ʱ򿴵һһĳƺ
Ƭ
澧ϵһʣֻѲŻֵĶ
ԺǵɢǲζƬƬռ֮СʱЩηô鶼ΪƬǽǲҲҪˡ
ܻܿڣڹȥ˲֪ټԪƬܿ϶ҲˣȻѪɽһͨӵǻǰô˶һϢȥҲ֪Ǹǻ
ˣ¡ħΪСʸǵֱϡ
˵ţԥľͰħ˦˳ȥ߰ɣЩʯĹбķ֡
˰
˿еʯĹһʮǧб˹˵Ҳλ֮Ĺھȴٶࡣ
ˣҪҲĹɣħȴǿڵ
ǿСףڲǿ˹Ķ֣ǴĹѨ֮з˵ʲô˵ͻа취Ը˹һĹѨûãҪڵĻôҲҪڸԲ񼶱ģñǸڵġ
ԲĹħס
ģĹʲôģұǸ˹ó˵ţѾ˿˹Ĺǰ߶ԺȨȻΪһͷĹѨٿȴȫûãĹѨӲޱȣֱǺţܺãҲҵԤ֮СӲԴ֮ҲһҪڻ


1489 ôҪҪһ
˵ţ߶Դָ֮֮ϣȻĹѨһ㡣

Դ֮ӴĹѨ̶
ˣǼӲʯͷۻˣܰҵƬ۵Ļôֱ̫ˣҪǿٱħָϵĻηĺܣǼ̡
ԺôôҸоܰѿռۻҲޱȵ˵š
꣡
һĹѨʯͷյѿˡ
ǿϣĴ߶Դ֮𣬶ħ˷ܵذѵһʯͷˡ
ʯ鱻͸ʽṹѾ˸ı䣬Ѿһϼѵϡ
ǲûⶼҪЩӵ
㶮ʲôǻӡħƱţȻɢмûзŹ
Сʱ֮
Բǧ׵ĹѨǵԴ֮Ӳճһ׳ͨ
꣡
һһʯͷħȥǱסˣ϶Ц˻

ĵȻȴǾϲѣԺͨˡ
ʯͷ֮󣬳һԲεĿռ䡣
ǵ˵ͷ߰ɣȥʲôöһԲĹѨܸмİɡ
ħҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ĹѨ֮кڰޱȣʲôüͷɽ編ңʶҲᱻͻȻĺڰǶϹӡ
ɾʱħóһ·˻˷ܵˣˡ
Ƕˣһ·ô£ѵϵ˻һ졣
˿ʼͨȥ
ͨʯ·ߵһЩ޵ͼڣÿһξ뻹һͼڡ
ǶЩûȤħȴһ·գһûзŹ
ףһѴӣһԴǰһָǸͷп׳Ĵͷһ־ץ˹ȥ
꣡
ֻһ죬һƬƬġ
ô£ˣ˿һصмˮʱûкϸ֤
ʱ̫ˣ⸫ĹˣһԣҲ޷άڵʽṹȻһɢˡץһмϸһ¾ˣħЩмɣЩӵĲϲ򵥣ȥƵĻӦÿƳһһױԴ
лʹ͡ħ˷ܵ
ȥֿļһⶼһþͱ顣
ȫħ
ͷˡͣ˽ŲĹѨĿȥƽһɫԲʯףʮ׵ֱкöһˡ
ôҪҪһ򣿡ʱʹ˵
ʲôǺɵĿ񣬡ڵʱ򣬹ƿ˰ɣֱȥס
ħ˷˹ȥһԲĹ׸ǣ붼ڴ
𣡡
ħץס׸ǣǰצϵļⶼɽһԵú
䣡
׸Ǳħץӵһߣ̶
׸ǺأмˡħԹ
㿪
ʱȴǷʲôֻǹײ֮кȻɳһźħ˹ȥ
谡ʲô
ħѣŵһˣһŲȿգˤ˹ȥ
ʱһǰץסħ˸ǰȻĿź

Ǻ֮зɭޱȵʮֿ¡
ɷ˵ģٴγħ˹ħ˷嶸ȻһצӾ˹ȥʲôүүȥ
һצܴĹѨڲ
Ǻһȭ㣬ȻֱӴ˹ħǰצ֮ϡ

ħһҽУĿԼצǱƵĵطں֮ɫһоûˡ
ˣҰڲĶ̫аˡ
𶯡
ʱ뵽ʲôԴָ֮֮ϣһֱָǺ
̣
Դ֮ǺӴĴ̶źˢһ¾ɿħɵһߡ
ˡ
ϲѣٰħһߡ
ʲôȻҵĹħһǰצʧȥ˸оֻצվţǻ
ûв´ĻӦִһԲִǵ
ִɫ΢䣬ѧԺͼղصġ֮ۡд˵һ־־ĺľִһ˵ִ㹻ǿ֮еļ䶼ɥʧִ֮ȴȻڡΪִһֽʵĴڣһĹ˵
ǵͷ
ȻǺܶǸоһеӡħһõצЩݵĿ


1490 ԭˣ˰
˹˵ΣգӦþЩдִûпִķסǲ֪ôˡϧҵԴ֮һУִȴĿǡ˵ţԴ֮Ǻ˹ȥղžͼʶԴ֮»ŵĲ˺ˢһͨ˳ȥ
ˣţ̲סЦ
̫ˣˡħ˷ܵȻȴǾǰצǸˣܲܰҿһצӣҵצӱǺס֮󣬾û֪
šǵ˵ͷһֻץħǰצʶȥ֮ŪһС
ôˣܸԭôħЩڴ˵
ԭˣ˰ɡɿħǰצźצ֮󣬻ٵǰצϸǰϸˮһʽṹƻˡ
ˣħԼǰצһҧȥȻĵ˵ͷȷʵˣŵʲôľܳˡ
˵ţǰһ㿴Լְɣҿײʲôö
ʱҲȥͬʱʯ濴ȥ
ֻһ׶ߵʬǣӦþĹڵģʬϵ·ѪʲôѾΪ˷ɻңͷȴ
ڲڵʬͷߣһɫĺӣû
Ǻһ
ǣ
ͬʱ򿪣Ķ˳
ĺı伮һ񼶹ִ
ĺ棬ȴֻһöָ
ҿ涼ʲô
ʶָ֮УǰһĵһѵĶ
вٵĸ߼ϣױԴһһ״ıԴ
Ϊڿռָ֮УЩĺܺá
棡
ħ۾ˣˮֱ
ûķݣħƵһߣĶպ֮ݸǡ
šǵ˵ͷȥһ£жõģǵġ
ҲôħޱȣһԵǰצذڶ
΢΢ЩΣħһ⣬֮ǰԼõĶõˣָԼһĹЩ㲻ˡҪ˵ĻʬȻѪѾˣͷȫԳ֮ΪˣܶȡƬ޿κΣΪڡ
Ϊʲôħֵ
ûãΪ޷ֻʣ¹ͷʬȴԡҵ¯ѾĵĽ׶Σĸ߽ʬ֮γɵúʡһ޷ҵô֮¯ɣڿܰĹʬɵȴҲ㹻ˡ΢΢Щ
ħ࿴˿˶ǲ
գ
ǲٽͣһӡͰʬսԼ¯
ײ㲻Ҫɣħȴѯ
ҲҪԼŰɣһˣʡһײģĹĵ˵š
ٺ٣ô˵㲻Ҫͺáħ˷ܵŹײģսԼС⡣
˳ĹѨʱԾ̧ͷͷ
֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻʮִĺЩˣǻǰ
ôô⣬ոһħһڿԼ˵һǰצ¡
ֻųһ˹ų˼ǾͲ֪ˡǵˣùЩִηҵԴ֮𣬲ҹġǼĹҴ۹¯׵Ĳϡ
ã
һ仰Ǹɣ
˽ĸ˵ĹÿһĹЩĹڵĹ͵ȼλ񼶱ġ
֮˹ƿ˾ʮĹջķᡣ
һױԴŪٶʮױԴŪһ弶ʮһױԴһ
ĲϣǶѻɽ
Ժô񿴵̲ͣסʵ
ʱͣһ£µĹſ˹ӦҲҪҹˡʱ䣬ǰʵһ¡Щǵ˵߰ɣǵǵһڵĲڵĹôȥ
ã
ħͬʱʱĹףҲʵҲ۵òᡣ
ڵĹѨ֮Уϥгһöǵ׹֣ĳ͡
Ļ׹ǿǣֺϡٵǶ֪кôǺȻܶȡһЩϢˡ
ִ񣡡ţȡѶϢַܰҾһǧַؽӭһʱ䣬ʱҵʵ٣Կ˹ĻҲͲôǱˡ


1491 ˣţƲ
ǧһֵۡ
дǧһ˵ҲСǧһ˵
Ǳܵĸоһǧַÿַֻٷ֮һһʱ䡣
ĹѨ֮Уǿʼ˱չء
ڶȡִϢһݻΪӿʶ
ַıˣȫĳǰ
ҲҪչһʱ䡣
룬Ҳϥ뵽ɽ֮ȻҲѰҵһЩʱɢƬΪͻƵ˽۷壬ڴ󲿷ֵƬѾ˹ãԺҪͻȥɱ˿˹ȡƬȻ޿ܡɱ˿˹ڵʵܡڻԺԺÿһαչأʵɿ죬ҲöþܺͿ˹һսȻļƻұ׼ɱ˿˹ھҪѰԺ֮ˣ˭˵겻ȫͲʶ۷壬һа취ġ
ҲҪչأħڶԼǰצ
ţչء˵ͷ˵أǰŪѾϵǰצ˼ôһ
̫ˣڲϵʧǵȳȥ֮˵棬ҵԷҪ³һǰצħȴǵ
ǻᾫϸ㣬Ҳǿŵˡ
չˣû˼ҪҵЩܹͺˡħţоԼҲزȥˡ

º
ϳһصϢϢܹŹ֣Աߵħһ
һʯͷ˯ħˢһӾվȻĿǡ
ô£
ħ˻ԴղŸо걻˭һ£۰
˿̵ǵһؼʱ
¯֮УִѾһ롣ϸȥһݴִ֮гγǵ˫֡˫Լͷ­ǵ塣ѪҺһǵ淨ģͣеһ㣬ĹâԽԽʢ
䣡
ʱ䣬ǰĹȻâʢɢ貵Ĺâ
ִˣɹǵ淨ģ֮е
Ҳǵһǧַ
ɲǼ䣬淨ģʹŹâǵʶڰ
ϣһɹâʣ˿ռյ汾Դ֮汾Դĳֹ
̼䣬涼Ȼһ
ǿĴڣٶģǲŵ۾
ʲôȻ汾ԴĸӦѵ˳ɾ񾳽硣
ûܶ
Ǹʲôոô£Ҹоһޱȿֲ֮һܰȻֵֺȻʧˡħճյ˵ţЩηĿǡ
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Ȼоˣˣ˵ʲôˣѧԺʲôطܸܲ͸¶һ£ħЩڴʵ
ԣһһױԴĮ˵
˵ʲôħȻ
˵һһױԴ͸㡣
ǣǰһ䡣
Ҳоˣһôһ£ļ仹Ǻܲġ
ûУʲôûиоħ˵ţٴſʯͷϣԼצӣƭһһױԴŶûС
һΡ

˿̵Ĺĳ
˹һ˿âҵˣԭǡǸƻļһǵһĹɡ֮ǰѹû뵽ǾȻɱһǹֲص档ոͻȻϢ¶ǣǵϢԲĹ
Ӱһ˹ͻΪһɫĹâ˵Ĳ֮
ĹѨ֮С
ħоʲô͵ؾѣã˹ˣˡ
Ļ䣬ĹѨ˱һǿ˳ȥ
ѽ谡
ħҽţҲײұϡ
ǷӦļʱոһǧַ򣬻е֮оΣգһʱסΡ
ߣȥ
ץסħԾͨ˳
οӡ
˹ЦĿԵЩ䡣
Ҫ֣ͶھͶħţǵ֡
Ͷ˹һ
ԣǱԸģҺ˲죬ֻǱв˶ѡħ޽ڲٵĴҵžİôܱѣһҪңҿõĳ񰡡
˹˼һ»
лΰľħ˷ţСžͷ˿˹
޳ܰ޳ܣĵ
ɾʱվ˾ԵħȻԼǸõǰצһצӳž˹ĺץ˹ȥ
ˣţƲ
ħﻹţצѾ˿˹ĺ棬һҪˣ˹԰ûˡ


1492 
͵Ϯ޳ܵ͵Ϯ
˹ˣӦ֮󣬿ռ䷨߶ĺףռŤ
ħúܣڿռŤ֮£צҲһ۶һ׳צӣмٱŤ˰֮ࡣ
ħҽҲǸˣצӱŤôȴҲǿһץץ˿˹һصͷ滹һһ˿˿Ѫ
ȥ
˹ŭˣȻһСˣˣ߶ռŤȥҪħŤΡ
ˣ
ħţ嶼ס
Ȼܿħɱһֻ̽ȥ͵һץҵʩչȴǷһֹ
ǿ˹ʩչĿռֶΣͱˡ
ǵָʱһ£ץסħβͣͰൽߡ
һ㣬Ͳһ㡣
ħ˿£ԼǰצؿڣʾԼܺ£ǷԼǰצѾȫʹˡ
ˣզ£
ħ˿Լʣǰצ涼úõأ´ȥѾȫûʹˡ
ռ䷨͸壬ڿռ䷨Ť֮£צڲʽṹѾƻˣǺõģʵѾһѵ⡣Ǿʵ˵
ʲôǻһô
Ȳˣ˰ɡ
УħˣΪʲôԱߵȴ̲סЦ

ļһһȫɱ˹䡣
ҪûʵˡʵҲ˾޴ġ
˹ٷϻһѶױԴս
ǰûʹñģ˿ѡʹñȻȫ֣Ҫնɱˡ
ռи
˹һնɱȥĵӰѿռ䣬ѿռ仯Ϊ飬ռ֮еҲűи
ԾȴǷɵ˲ڵĹѨ֮ƶĹѨԼǰ
ĹѨԲڵĸ죬ȫ赲סռŤһĿռи֮䵽ĹѨ֮ϣֻһӡۡ
쵰
˹̲סҲ֪ĹѨӲޱȣû뵽ȴǸΪķơ
Ҳһ
ǵȿ˹ĹɢȥĹѨ֮ɳˣΪΪȫһɣǳ汾һɡ
һƿ˹ǰĿռֱ˹üġ
ռƣ޷
һĿռƳ˿˹ǰĿռ䣬۳Ķơ
꣡꣡꣡

һĶѣڵסǵĹ
ôܣŶãʵȻôࡣ˹ԼǰĿռƣȻǴ͸֮ò𾪡
ħޱȣѾûצӵ˷ܵŤԼ
һǲţʱѣѵ˺һսʵ˹˵ţɳһ׹⣬ǾȻһںڵ׶ӡڳǷȥʱ׶ӿʼ任״⳯̽һںڵļͷջΪһüġ
ô
ҲһӣֻᲦᣬˢһת˳ȥ
飡
ײǳѳ͸˳ȥ
ʹõǸڵķħϳˣЩ˷ܵ
˹׵סһеսֳնն磡
ռǱһΪس½
ǿһе޴󣬴߶淨ģͣһǿע볤֮С
ӷ򣡡
һ̺һǧַһƬռ֮еһǧַʧȥá
һ£һ˿汾Դ֮ȻУ֮ն˳ȥ
䣡
˹һסˣǱпĿռ䱻ӲĶסˡ
ܣ
˹ֵ̿ĿһĻǸ˾Ȼ˺һս
ܺһһսˣһǧַĺôһڸոգҴ߶汾Դģ͵ʱ򣬲ܵ˼汾ԴȻصĸӦжںһĹ֮С
һǲţ˹һ㣬ƴعǡ
ٴҲһɱѾˡЦϧҵʵҲɱ㣬ģһ첻̫õġ
Σ˹ҧҧͣ˷ĹȻҵģҵģҲ뿪ɽġ
˵Һ׵ġŤͷ
ߣơ˹Ӱһųڵķ˳ȥ֪ʲôǿ϶ġ
ԺǽʲôЩڴħҲǿǡ


1493 û
ǳ˼Ƭ̣һ𰸣Ĺ
ʵִЩִ͸ηˣת
˵ɾ͸ɣܿͶһλĹ֡
ħһȥףִ֮ȡˡվڹײĵǰһֻſĺɫתЩɫִܻγɵ
ˣΪʲôȥҵǰצѾûˣҲ̫ˣŰмˡħԹ
㲻ǻצôʲôãűô飬Ƶ
ҿҿôħգǺצŹ׸һƣĹײĸǾͱƷ˳ȥ
ʱִĺϵķ˳

ǱȫעĶţ˿̿ɳִΪһ˿߷˹ȥ˿γһϵľͰһִĺסˡ
ִӤ޵ʮֵĿֲ
գ
ҲŵˣѸپͰһźɵ¯֮С
ˣħˣ
šǵͷĿ͸¯Կһź˲䱻Դ֮ɵˣȻ󻹷һŵִ֮塣
Ժֲ̫ˣоÿʱÿ̶ڽһҲǺ˵
ڶĹĹ
һֱһǧ׵ĴĹһλԲĹ
ˣסħѾǼˣÿοջһײģﻹ̵ġ
ֵģŪôัײģĹײĶˡЩĵûмô̰Ƶġ
ʲôĹײĶˣһԶأҪٽСħȴǷ
ҿ㲻ڵ򣬲ȻǷſʮ̥ƻܷ㡣ߵ
ƻʲôħ˵ţצѾƿ˹׸ǣֻһξȻûк
˶סѵûִ
ǲðȥ飬ȫǷӦÿһִزǡ
ˣʲôħ˵ţͷŹײ濴ȥϸĳšɾʱ򣬹ײȻһɭ׵ָһƾͳħĴϣħ˳ȥײʯ֮ϣˡϡĲҽͻıʣǶ±ˣʲôթʬˡ
ӣӡǴ˷ޱȣ˵ģ
ⲻܡȴҡͷ
ǡ
һĦǹײվһ߰ɫã׸ߡ
ɻĿܣƺã
ˣ⡭Ǹɶ⣬ôͷӻˡŵܵ
ˣֻϺ¿ӣڹѪˡȴһ˵
ʲôħ±ơ
ǣ
ôӹײ˳û۾ȴˡ
˵Ȼˡħֹ
˵ɾʱһɳƵ𣬡˭ǰһѵô
˵ˡħŵĲϺˣԼһӣǿô
ǵģ˵ˡǵͷԵЩϬǲǻԵɺϵ˵ƿ׸Ǿǻķʽǵȷǰ㻽ѵġˣ˵˵ɣʲôˣ
ң˭ԵЩӦٻƺԥ˺ܳһʱ䣬ʲôǾ£֮еļѾʱɢˣҵԺֻ֮һЩȱĻ档Щ棬ܸоǰһһǿĴڡķӡ֮أ귨ӡԼ꣬Լͷ֮УֻҪҵǲƻͻ棬˴򿪹׸ǵһ̣ҵͻٴδӷӡ֮ѡ
귨򣿡⻰סһֺµķ򣬺⣬˵ˡĿǰɽ򣬶û˵ַ
Ҿ֮񣬿Բꡣޱȵ˵
ðɣ꣬ǾͲˡ˵ţתҪߣĹڳһŵãǼˡ
ǻߣô˿ȴǷɭΪ˸лǰͷųΪҵ֮Ͱɡ죬ǵ꣬ҿǵ겻ࡣ
ȥһΪͷųʵԸء
ⱨķʽǲҪħĵ
Ź㣬㾮ˮˮҪһٺˡָ֮ϳһԴ֮𣬶ԸЩִʲôˣЧ
ÿǣܵĸоһ˿Σա


1494 ԺҪ
ߣܳΪҵ֮ͣǵ׸ңǵҡȴǺǿӲܵľѡ˳֣һ֮֮ɢΪ˿߳˷ȥ˵ꡣ
ǴȵԴ֮ס˿ߣˢһ¾͸նˡ
ۣۣۣòҽŵջ˿ߡ
һֻʣ¹ͷӵԲ񣬻ǰװˣţƸë߰˵ţԴ֮ɳȥֱ䵽õؿڡ
ǰɫĹͷӣȻˡ
ȥ𣬿ԼָմȾԴ֮Ҳˡ
ҪˣҲˡ
ŵĻæģڵ·
ǳ˼һ£ѡջԴ֮𣬰øճ˻ҽҲûʲôô
ͣħ̲סЦҼǰװƣһüӣ˲ɡ
ֱĵ䷶ʲôĶɢˣΪԼԲءʱ̫ˣӻûתҲ̲ס
úˣЩսս
ԺôһҪ֫ˣһͷħͻȻ롣
֪ĹͷĻûй裬һԲĹ裬Ӧô󲹰ɡЩˮĿá
ˣȻ˶¡
ǿĶ̿ʮֺЦôҲǸϡжˣҲɱ㣬ʱ͸ǣǴӡԺĻȥѧԺȫѧԺļ
ظ
ԺҪţҪǵѧԺǺ֮еĲ³˰̲סЦһֱõĽǲ̫ˣҾӦøһ֣硭
˵ţͣƺһӡ
Ǻħ˿̶̲ס㵹Ǽ˵
ͽô˺ôһᣬڰһ仰˵ˣֻһǶ²ˡ
ӣ߶ţЩΪܻ֣ܲ
ҾӦýйͷҡʱħȴǴ
ͷңӣԼѡһɣǿãѾ˵ʲôˣԵˡ
ӣһǽӰɡ˵ţƺҧгһ㡣
ӵļ룬˾Ĺٶȸˡ
ؼĹͷȽӲȻƿ󲿷ֵĹѨ
ϰٵĹǶЩˡ
ǶϢɡ롣
İħһʯͷϣղصЩЩŮĶҷˡ˵㻹ûأ
˵ţħӻȥʮŮ
ɾʱһԾȴǽػЩŮȻһϴű¶ľŮ¶һ޷ݵɫ
Ů棬˵ţЩԵӡ
ǡħȫ±ˡ
û뵽һá

ĵǴʱ򣬺Ȼ˲ԡ
ռϸ΢ı仯Դڵķ
ã
Ǵһڵķȥ
ħӽ
ǽڣһĿռӡڸµġ
ҪǱӡסˣˣƣ
˵ţҵʩչڴһץǿռӡˢˢľࡣ
ǵĹɢȥеĿռӡȻٴθԭ
磬˹Цû뵽ɣһѡڸӡסҪˣҲõĿռӡһһأÿһؿռӡ൱ڵʮĿռƣЩռӡܴ粻ϵسȡһȫٵȻǺܸܿԭ
ļһҪ̫ݶˡ̲ס
޷ԴԴϵıߡ˹ֻҪ꣬ǵʱǻţʵҲֻڵһˣʱҪˡǻ˵ţɫЩá
Ǹô죬ǲȥħʱȴȡ
ðˡǻر۾Ȼ͵˹ȴˣƬռôγɵģɽ磬ôγɵˡ
Ƭħ֮ǰĹϵ֡
ȻƬֻҪҵƬŪеܣȥѡǻ˵š
ôҰȥʮ飬ô궼ûҵЩͷɥ뷨ס
Ҳ֪Ҳȴ¶һصЦݣ˳š


1495 Ƭ
ħЩĿǡ
ǻһǧַ֮󣬴߶淨ģ͵ʱ򣬸оһٻûв´ĻٻҵӦþɢƬ
ʲôħһڶСȿٵߣˣоôģ
λôǸǳһ£߶汾Դģͣƾϸ΢ĸӦһطٷȥħԼ˷ܵظ
˼һ÷мǧ⴦ռ֮
ǰȴʲôûС
ôħĴ˳˫צţһ
ڸʲô֡
ȻƬˣ˸ӦλþǰʲôûУ˵Ƭɫ͸ġôǲǺܴħ˵š
͸ģҲ̲סһѵȻоȴʲô
ҲҲڳơ
ҲҲǵ
Ҳֹǣֻɡ
죬˷ԲʮȴƬӰӶûҵ
ˣˡħһƨһʯͷϡ
ƬȻңȥǰ취˵ţҪǻǻȥĹɣ˵лڵұĹ
ԼĹáħ˷
ȵȵȡȴҡҡͷٻԼ淨ģͣҸӦľûд淨ģһǧַ򹹳ɣѾܹͨ汾Դ򣬶Ƭľϵ汾Դ϶һ໥ӦϴҸоǿҵʱҲ汾Դٵʱ򡣡
˵ţǷĴ߶Լ汾Դģ͡
һǧַ۵ɢʰ쵵Ĺâ͸ռ䣬޾ռ汾Դ
汾ԴĽˣʱǰƽĿռ䣬ȻһϸСУֻлƶСϵתţγһͨ
⣡ħѾ
ԭȷĴ򿪷ʽҪȥô˷ܵ᲻ΣգƬʮླʵ̫аˡ
ð죬ȥħָʹ
ΪʲôңӿǸƶСڣܵĸоЩ¡
㻹˭ϴ϶ģ㲻ȥ˭ȥ˵ˣѾһˣˣһ˵ǽˡħһ˵Ҳѹˣоˬ
ҲȥܸоȽΣաȴҡͷ
㻹ȥŲھҸˡħв
Ҳȥһ־ãһŵʱûڸӺǿƵ˵
ֻҪȥʮŮʱ򵭵ڡ
ʮǲ·֡ȴǲ˼ּۻոյǿӲȫݵİɡ
ʮû⣬·ûУǵȻصѧԺ֮ҿԸһָõģ·һܶ˵ʱŪӡ
ɽ룬ȻһⶼûˣȴܸоڵϼΪɫ顣
ǰһǸйµˡħ˵ţӵɲ˵ˣЩԱˡ
˵ʲô߶ռ䷨֮ӵһСĿռ֮УȻǻƶС֮УӾͽȥˡ
ڽĵȴţŰСʱ洫ǿ֡
ӵ֪϶ǰȫġ
ȥ
Ƚȥ

νȥ
档
ǽסˣǰһƬ޷ݵĿռ䣬ɫҺһ㡣
ĵط̲ס
ħ֣⵽ˣֻ
˼ǳ˼һ³ǰȥȥǰ濴ƺж
һ˹ȥ
ֻǰһǧ׵ĵطȻһá
ӣͬ顣ħ̲סЦ
û뵽ǣȻ˵סϸãĪЩҸоһϤĸоƺĳϵ
ҲͿ˹ı𡣡룬ǵıǿռ䷨򣬶ҵȫԼ汾ԴģͣɻˣҲֻоͨռ䷨˲пҵ
ҵı𣿡ؿãֳõͷ­ȥ
ʱһЩǵɫâ˳뵽֮У֮вдƬ΢ҲֻͬԴա
գѾ˵һС
ȷʵҵı𡣡񻺻Ժʬܸܲҡ
ˣħʱѿڶ
ˣںϡʵǿٴﵽԲ񼶱ǰԼ滻ģҲǻǣܸĴ߶֫壬ʵҲ٣ĻӦòڲླһ׵λ顣񻺻Աûʲô飬ǲ˵ġ
Ǻáǵ˵ͷ
лԺѱָϵĿռָժȻѱʬս硣
˶ڿ
ԿĿЩϲȻóһѵĶ
ӦúЩླһõĶˣռָʣµľЩ޷ʹõģӦױԴ˵óһ߲С
ħĿˮˡ
һֿռ䷨ǽӹϸһ¾СԣСпռռŤͿռָԣһԳ磬ȫǼΪһ壬ǲɶõķ
ԺЩ
Ȼ㱾ģڻǽʹðɡﲻ˼ĶҾҪˣ滹һױԴʮԴȫԸѧԺʦѧʹá
ˣҲһħ۾ȣûԼķݣʱЩˡ
ȵȣʲôǸħҪʣµĶȴǿһƴСĳʯ̣ϸһ£Ц˼㱾԰
ʲôһһ
ҿдʲôһʯ֮Уʱִз˳˼ǰ档
ң֮澺ռ˹澺ǧླ֮⣬Ѱ澧ϵƬȴֵ塣Ϊ˵壬ұƾΪһϵ죬彻ǧΣ򡣶ڲ彻սĹ֮УҲڷƬһЩϢ˵Ƭ䵽ϵʱӿѰҵٶȣشջǷƬɾȡƬʱͻƬΧһ磬ȫ뵽磬Դ޷뿪ǵҲ𽥱ƬӶߣκϢ޷ݳȥ
ֻǰΣǿһ¼벼Ĺ˵һ޶
ռһԪһˣǿʼԼĹأ˯֮Уȴűѵһ졣֪ҲǲģһʱûܰǾȳȥǾˡҲֹǣΪԼܶҪֳ˯˵ĬĬɾҳʱȴޱȵĿҾȻʱռ䷨˾޴ͻƣҴӴԲͻƵ񾳽磬ľ硣ֻǸģһ޷뿪ͻƵ֮ʲôáҲģһԪұһռÿһطڷƬռһڵ㣬ҲǽǸطٴοϣʵޱȵĲпᣬͨռڵ㣬뵽⴦ռ֮У޷ҵȥİ취ˣǻ֪⴦ռʲôطʵƬڲҳ˺ܶ취ƬȫʧܶաʱʧҵԪҲڽرľ֪ұһˡ
жΣҪǿ˹
⴦ռסǣǸųһ뿪ûκΰ취ġ˵һʵҲ֪ɹظж󣬾ķǻһƪƿط˵ľڿռ䱻ʱ壬ΪӣǿԴ͸ռġ棬Щӻƴӳµꡣҵõطʱ򣬻һԲû뵽ȴóΪʵʩ׼˺ܾãһ죬ҷҵˡ
еˡ
ս֮ĽѾԶ׼ˡ
˹겢û¾ۺ֪ȱݣܵƬӰ졣
֪ôˡǿ񣬡û뵽ıȻһλռȻͻƵģǿռϵʵܿһ˰ɡ
˹ΪʲôֱǼһռˡȴЩ˵


1496 ϵͳ
ǺǺˣⲻصô
ҿ˹Լ̳˱ļ䣬֪˱Ҳ֡
ô뿪ɡüͷһռϵ񻨷˲֪ټԪʱ䣬޷뿪󲻵òһУðս壬Ĳ֮ʲô취뿪
ҵıˣȻ޷뿪ôһƨҿ취ƽڴķӡ˵һЩ
˵ģʱҲˡħ˵Ҳһߣȥоȥˡ
ʱĻȲæȥƽӡұоһƬô֮⣬ƴĶΪãԺôࡣǻ˵ţƬž޴ϵȫΪһֲο
ˣɣȥ
ȥ˯
Ҳȥ
㶼û۾˯ʲôã
ǲٷǣǿԾƬ
ʱĹȥһꡢ꣬ת۾Ǿʮ꣬һϵģͺȻâʢ
Ƭľϵ˵Ƥһ棬汾ԴʶһСԣƬҪܵ汾ԴĿƣҲһǧַ֮󣬿ԸӦƬλõԭ򣬿˹ҲһȡƬҪ򡣡
ţ⡣
߶һǧַ֮Ƭ֮͸룬һƬ
ô͸ȥļ֮󣬶޷Ƭ
ϿԣȴǸвͨ
üͷУҵһǧַ֮Ҳ˲Ƭ
ٴ˳˼֮С
Ƭ֮ǺȻʲôҲ汾ԴȡƬ
ţ淨ģʹ߶˼¡ʱ汾ԴٹǱûһ㷴ӦƬ磬Ȼ΢ĹâƬ翪ʼǿϲѣ֪Լ¶ˡ
ˡˢһ¾վԺˣˡ
ûеҴƬǻ˵ţһõĿˣһ취ȡƬ
ʲô±ˡ
䡣ħȴһ±ơ
ǽ߶淨ģͣ汾ԴԴԴϵؽٹ
汾Դ֮룬һ뻡ΣС޷ݣɫ޷ݵƬƬһڿռһ˾ܻĹɽʵӡ
ǿƬֻԷɢһܣȻ˿ֲţƬȫòʱҲһģ¯ҳ
ٻ¯汾Դ֮˿ռϵرһһ㣬ȻĿʼסƬ
ȻУֻҪ¯ƬҾеǰ취Ƭţ˼֮ɫļƻɹˡ
ʱʧת۾ʮꡣ
¯ҪƬɵʱ߶ȫҪջ¯
䣡
ջ¯һ˲䣬ǰĿռˣǳĹ
ǸţĹȴҲڱ
ĹڵĿռһһѺۣʯĹʲôģĴҷɡ
ãƲסˡ
ʱ֣ջ¯һ̣Ƭҵķ
ô£
ռˣҵ찡Ĺˡ
ȥˣҪȥˡ
Ժôˣɫô̫á
ʱȴǴǿߣȳȥҪҡ
˵ţϥ£ֳһ޴¯Ӱ
¯ֵһɲǣһĸо˲¯֮УһƬײ¯ۿ¯ҪѿѾһѷ졣
ģ¯ҪǱٵˣҵĸͳ׷ˡ
ˣ֪Լ̰ˣƬãɵʵô׵ġ˵¯ըʧȥ֮ԴʵԻ󽵣˲Ҫ۾ȥҪΣա
ĴڸתŸְ취ȫ޽һ
Ѿ׾ˡ
Ҳʱһֻʶ磬ʶһ޷ݵϽɫâԶԽʱգԽһü֮зüĺſ˵ֻ۾
ǡϵͳ
ޱȣ


1497 ¯
Ǳʶһֱ޷Ķ뵽ֻϵͳ
һ̣ôϽɫĹâϣȥϵͳʲôģǸûʱ䣬ǰôѹסƬıǹؼ
ϵͳ֪ǵ뷨Ҫˡ
ھ㣬ȴ͵ҡ
ǰϽɫâղϵƬϣһֻƬ˼£ȴǡ顯һˡ
ˡ
һķϵ޷ƿĶȻ޵ֿˡ
һһģһģĩ
ǾˣϵͳôֱǿĲ񻰣ϽɫĹâĸϣǲֱӾɱˡ
¯ɵЩĩ뵽ľϵ֮Умĺôϵͳ
ϵͳ̫ллˣı£ô֡ЩϵĶȴ߶¯ͿʼЩĩЩĩ뵽¯ľϵ֮Уʵ֮¯תΪʵʴڵһֶ
Ǹо¯Ҫһ
ôأǰ¯Ȼ˵תΪ¯ȴûӣڲֽṹͺһһֻ˾Ѫ⣬ȴǸûƤһ㣬ԿҲѪģġƬķĩΪƤ¯ӵľԵʵ
СʱǴ߶¯ȫЩĩ
¯ʮ¯ķھǰһӽȥҲѳ
ʱĹѾױˡ
ĹѨĹĿռ佨ɣ˿ΪĹĿռЩĹѨҲͿȡˡʱȻᵡ߶¯һɾ޴֮ʯĹ뵽¯֮С
ǰĿռԽԽСĹѨ뵽˿ռ֮С
ǴȡǧĹѨŻΪһӰ⼴ʧĿռ֮һԾ
ˡ
˵ţǰȻǻصɽ硣
ɽֻƬγɵĵطĹƬγɵĿռ䣬ȻҲҪˡˣɽǰܵĹӰ죬汾Դ޷ٵĹˣ汾ԴѾ
Щ϶һĨЦݡ
ʲô汾Դ֮£ЩѾǲླɽ֮ˣᱻǿǣ֮С
Ժ
ˡ
ħǺѾڵȴˡ
Ƕû£̫ˡ
̲סʱԾؿһǺȻѪǡ
Ѿһ˿ٵķ˹ĺ滹ˡ
Ժǿ˹ǡħŻˣô죬ô֣ǿӰɡ
ӣΪʲôҪӡ̲סЦħ㲻Ҫ߶ླôԸǡ
Ϊʲôħסɽ˲֪汾ԴЩơ
ҵľͶˣҸǱһħ˵ţһɳȥֱ˹һΰ꣬û뵽ǻܳɡ
ȷʵû뵽ôģ˹üͷѵҵƬ
ʲôƬװֵĶȥǲҪ¶ˡ
Ĳ֪ǼٵĲ֪ҲٸκεĻᡣ˹˵ţ˻֣ô񼶸һϣӦѣ뱣סܡ
ǾԡЦЦ
ϣ˹˻֣ʱǧླĸֳǳ
ٰɣ汾Դ򣬴뿪һȻͿһĲླֺһʧˣǱһ
һһʧת۾ʧϰˡ
һЩҪǵˣǿ˹ˣ±ˡ
Ǹ֪ô¡
ǿһȺ±ƵӣЦˣЩ˴ӸոշʱѾ߶˲ླΪͱ汾Դˣ˿汾Դһ뵽֮Уܷġ
ʹʲô˹ɫ֣̿ھվŲҲͻȻʧ
ʵҲûʲôһ֣ʵôѾġÿ׳һҿһȻǶҪ˵ţϱޱȣǺˡ
񼶸Żˡ
ͻȻϢʽ̫ˡ
ҽŹҡ
ҡ

һɽ񼶸֣ѸٵóıǶɵˡ
ȺɷʣȻˡ


1498 
ȻҪȻܾ
һץȡ˼ʮıл޵ʶࡣ
ȡЩ֮һ˱ɽָʧˣʱ˶ǷӦ˹
ƭӣƭǵġ
ʲôˣбһս
˭˭
һȺ˹̲סȵʲô֣ͻȻǵߵһȻڵ
㵹ǴȻˡЦЦ
ҵô£˹ǣʮֵĿ¡
ΪʲôҪ㡣ЦЦЩ£ܿͻȫʧҲ⡣
Ҫɱ㡣˹Ѿһʧˣ֪˵ǲģŭĳǣսնɱһںɫĹâռÿռ䶼Ǳѿһ֡
ɱҵġһץȡռѣ˹ĹҲ
˹ģսն˲ǳǧ򵶡
ɾϻӵʱ汾Դ֮

˹оǹǰȫûз֮оԼҪǣһδ֪ĵط˻̿֡
վ￴ſ˹ϴЦ⣺ټˣ˹
˹ɫǣ񣬳˲ʡ
Ȼ֪ҪǣҸоҾԲʹһġʱ򣬾ǵڡ˹﷢ɭ汾Դ뵽˿ռһˮ˳ˮһ㣬κεӰ١
ӣ
ħħ
ҲŪûˣ˭Ķ֡
һɽĸַ׷룬ߵʱ汾ԴڲϽ٣֮С
һСʱ֮ɽ綼徻ˡ
ߣǰѪǣտ˹ĲƸʱһ˹׷ɱôãĹ꣬üˡ
ˣҪˡ
ʹ찡
һ÷ɵѪϿգն
ţѪǴӽ쿪ʼѧԺӹܡǵ쳹ѪǣѪ֮еĻʼ֡ۼֶ𾪵Ŀ֮еˡ
ʲôˣȻȡ˳ǳءһλ񾳽ӷ˳ǾǴȵ
ôԳƺΪѧԺԺ˵ţָһһɫâɳȥλӻûзӦ͸оؿһʹҽһͳȥ
ǳĽ˴ˣȻȻǸһָˡ֪˭һǳ֮е˶ǻֲ̿ѡ
̫ǿˣ̫ǿˡ
ոճȥľЩ񼶸ֵڶûл϶Ǳǰĸɱˡ
µľһµľ
۷׷ףȻ֪˭ߺһݾǳڵ
˸ߺ
ܺáǹЦԺһɽһµδЩɽҲ˽⵽ࡣ
˵Щ˹ĸۡ
ѪǵĲƸɶһ޴ĵ¿ռ䣬﷽Բ
öķħ۾ˣôķʶѻɽĿϰڿš
ЩԱȲʯҪ󡣡ֻҪҵʺԼԵķﾳȫͻƵ۾磬ĵ۾Դ˳ɾͲ֮ɽĺöǱЩ֪ˣ϶ҪͷѪ
ƬѾ¯ĹҲˡ
Ժ󶼺γµķˡ
ЩǾˣѧԺѧ͵ƾЩԴһ̨ס
ɽ磬ÿ䡢ǳضҪƷⷨȻ񼶸֣Ҳ⡣˻мǧ꣬Щķħ˵ţȻ¶˼ɫˣô෨ܲʹ͸һ㡣
ץһѡǵ˵ͷ
ץһѣħ˿Լڳǰצٿ˿ԼǺܷĺצޡ
˷֮⣬ıͲֵһˡ
ǷһȡˣתؿռͿյˡ
ˣԻѧԺˡֻаѧԺ֧ɣȴȡ֧Ľءɽ磬ָһ˹ܿ϶еģԺȫԵѧ̽յĵط󽻸ȡɽļֵӵ

ѧԺʦѾϰǵû
֧Ѱʧʦ񣬻ýһʮǼ￨ƣʮݿһ鱦Ǹ̤ѧԺĴţϵͳ


1499 һʮǼ￨
Ļ漰ʱﰵûʱȥȡոջصѧԺҪ˽һѧԺ
ѧԺôҡħζԼԵúǼ
ˣڻˡЩ뿪ѧԺһǧ꣬ļңôĵطһȺʦһȺŬܶѧʮֵĻ
ӭؼңʦһֻѧԺĽӴʦź˿ȻǴȣأСѧԺҲڶˡ
ˡ˷ܵһˣˡ
ȥͺ˴һкʱһúȻǰÿźˣԼƣЩ˵λŮ޸ҿô
סĿá
³ˣ
Ȼҡҡͷ㲻ǲ³ˣΪʲôǸһһɫ飬ҹ
˵ţһ߳þͷ졣
ӣһåҽͷȡħԴǵ˵ˣλʦ˵ѧԺ԰סôǲǳԶٶԣҵķܴġˣҽһ£յĳԣСܣԺա
Сߣ˵ţһѾץסħĲӣ֪ôϲľˡ
ϲߣħȻȻǷŭˣûô
ͷ˵ţħӵһߡ
ħˣҪ˵ʲôǱв˹
ʦӭؼҡЦЦķ仹أҾ֪һ
һ֪ˡյ
ӭؼҡ΢΢һЦ
ͺãʦѧǶ㡣
˿дˡ˼
񿴵һʦӭһθоһǾǸж
ҲѧԺջĶ
ȥɡǿڵ˽뵽ѧԺ
һ·Լİ칫ңܻͨС˽һѧԺ
ܵ˵ʲô¡
ߵʱǰѡûٿȴǽеһ롣˰ѧԺȴһѧûе
ǳ˼һ£֪ԼȻˣбҪעһѡкʵģҪȡյѧԺġ
ǾͿʼȡ
ȵľʮǼ￨ƣһλɾʦ
һ죬ͳһſƣͬǰĿƣսƾȻǽɫġ
ɣɫĿơ
Ҳûô෱ĽܣֻһﻭԼһɫǱǣȻһ֣ԼһĽܡ
ֻĻ滭һŮӣʵ̫ˣֱ
Ժ֣֮ʱѾűֿȥ
϶
ԣμǡ
ܣȫɵˡ
϶𣬾Ȼ϶
񻰴˵֮͵˳ҩµǸ
μǵС˵֮У϶Ҳ̫ǾʵʵС
һ϶μǣԪ˧಻ǵϷλű·䣬Ͷ̥ô
Ȼ϶ĳϲ⣬ϵͳ͵ĿҲ̫ӵˣʮֵĲ⡣
ϵͳʮǼ￨ƣ㻻ɽɫͽɫˣɷôϸдˣҲ̫˰ɣ㻹ôȡһɷ̲סԹ
ôɼ￨ƣѾ޷ȡɷˡϵͳƽ˵ţһԶԵĻش
ϵͳеĸҪͶ㡣Ǽ
ϵͳعˣ˵ʲôҲûáˣԺõκοƣҲ޷ٻÿѧɷͬϢҲдϵͳǵֲһ
ϵͳ˰ɡʵҲôҪֱӻÿʲôˣӵ漶ԣɷ֮ģȫԻѺٵʱ͸ֱӻȡҪϲ١
͵Ľɼ￨ƣɫǲǴŽһָָǿر۵ǱǣʼɫĽɫھȻɫ
ǵģһɫǾʹһſžʹɾżϵͳش
ŶҾȫˣĽɡʮݿˣ鱦£ѵǳྫӵǼ£ţǰһЩ


1500 ǵһѪ
ԭ֮е¾ڵɼҷױɫ˿ɲƼϣǹ룬޴涼ЧԭΪྫУ顣䲻ܶʹߵͷзڡ塷Уµ飬ҲǱԡɫʯ沿Ű
ѾǺ鱦֮жĴڣƲµķ
ɼ¾һ
һ죬¾ͳС
ϢͬʱԺƷ˵һĺϸ
ԭ±ԭ֮˵ĻҪɫ˿ҿԻûΪʽ·ϣ
˵һ£Ժ󶼲Ҫ·ˡ
ʲôʽ·һ仯Ǿֱӳϡ
˪϶ϲ˪Ҳܱİȫţ˵һ·ǷҲ˪ˣȻз֮ʵ֮ʵûУԴѧ˪Ķࡣ
£ֻ͸˪
ȡˣʼٻ϶λѧԺĵһλʦ
ָһһѪͳˣŽɫ϶￨Ʒȥ̣Ѿزˡ
һ޷ÿ֮ҲҪֵѪķѧԺʦǩԼ飬ֻҪſƣĬٻϵͳ𣬺̶ܴ࣬ˡ
ǿ˿Լָͷ˿ǻͣǰһѪҺޡ
ϵͳѾǹġ
Ǻ뱩ϵͳһ٣ȴϵͳӰĶ֪
ô죬ѪˣҲ˷ˡ
ǿ˿Լ칫еһ⻹˪ֵģ˵һ͵
˼һ£Ѫ䵽˱Ҷϡ
ȻֻһѪҺǺӳȥһһ̺żǿһЩء
ƺҲоʲôȫҶ׶ſˣʼѪҺ
㵹ͦԡЦЦҵѪҺɲܵģһ֮
˵ţűҶһ㡣
һ֮뵽˱ϸ֮ڣеϸǿ򱶶ֹ
ʱȸԾʱǵһѪȫˡ
һѪ磬ȫѪһ
ԺôͿ컯ˡ
ЦЦѪΪ֮ԺʲôӣǻҪԼı졣
ڿԺúõٻˡ
Ĭ϶Ŀƻر仯һϵʵͳ˿϶ӣճǰ
ʵ̫ˡ
һֲʳ˼̻߰뿿ȴֲҡ
Ժ϶𿪿ڣҲôĺ
ŶԺŷӦ϶ʦ̫ˣֲǻĴ˵֮лôĴ˵֪ѧԺҸұ֤ѧԺѧ϶Ϊġ
Ժˡ϶Щߺ죬ûôֱӿƯġ
֪϶ʦʲô򣿡룬̲ס
̫ǾȻ̫ν̫֮ļ£Ǻǿġ϶ʱĵİԼһϾԺҪڿΣûһѧѡĿΣƾҪ¸ˡȻ֪ԼǳһվɶҲѡĿΣͲôˡ
߰ɣҴιһѧԺЦЦ϶𷢳룬ΪŮҲҡ
ˣԺ϶ͷȻӡ
˳Ժ칫ңǾͿʼ˽ܣһְĵΡ
ѧԺвʦԢһŵĶСɣװʲôģλʦǶѡԼķÿǰԺӣʦҲֲһЩԼϲĻݡЦЦȻᣬҾ˸϶ʦᡣ
ⷿӺص㣬¹֮סĵطҪ¶ˡ϶˿ѾŪ˱Ĺ졣
ʱ򣬼ʦˡ
ԺλѧԺʦôڵǲʶ϶ģڷ֮ûĳǺųɵģҲͬһ鼮磬ͬҲһģһ
ǵģ϶¹λЦЦ
϶𣿡סŲľǵСǾ
񡣡϶һ㶣˻ӣסһԵǶɵˣô
ŮĺʿԼ޸ôһõ顣ʱһʱ˵ֻˢһµϥ϶ǰڿһ۾ƺ顣


1501 ̫
϶ǰӣ˶ŵˡ
ٺã˿̶̲סŭˣĵͽӣֱǷ
ֻ߳һһϢϯӣɱϢɲһı䣬궼סʮֵĿֲ
귨򣬱ǲ༶ģǰҲ˿ǡ
Ĺͷȫһ˪һˡ
ġ
ӵ˵ȫˡ
ħʱһ˳Ц쵰ŽѧԺһСʱʮˣ˰ɡɵúãλŮ
˵ţ϶ϸ
϶𿴵ûȫצһͰȷ˳ȥ
ΪʲôҲ򡭡
ħһ£궼ڷһ㣬Ҳ˵ϡ
ǻ˵ʲôʲôвͲǵͰ
ΪһռˣҲǰ˭ɽˣ̫Ǿ϶𰡡
Сʱʱ䣬Ǵ϶𣬸ѧԺҲǽˡ
ûмѧԺǻؼˡ
׺ĸöڣǻ˺ܸе⡣
ôˣס
ѵҲûôԼǳ˶ˡ
ô˵ĻĸֵĿ˿ף˪أûһ
û
ʲôĸ׵ˣǶһ㻹谡
˵ӣȻѧԺԺڵĵһˣϵĵһˣɽĵһˣ˪ôҲϱùĻҪһµġĸЩֵУҺֻűأҲץ
֪ˣ֪ˡΣô
صԼķ䣬ϵ˪
硣
Ϲȥˣһʱ㷢ϢȻϵ㣬ΪѾء˪Щŭ˵š
һ飬ɽĹܸһͨѶҲǻ˰ʱŴջܴ󣬲СǼ򵥵ĽһˣɶʱصһҪ͸㣿
С˪ǲ˼ľѿڶ
Ǻãڵ㡣¶һ˿ڴЦݡ

ڶ죬פء
ΪأѾΪ˵֮ء
ѧԺѾ˵ķ롣
˶ѧԺѧֻǽżʵ̫ˡ
Ժ
ǵĵʮϵһȺ۾кüλѧԺʦҲְ
ţ°ɡһۣһʮˣĿǰʦڣĸͳ˧֮һѧԺʯ֮ʦҹΪһط˲ٵԴҪһֳ֮ΪĶ߲߿ʼɵľҿһóһӿ̡ٶķҲޣҲ׼һ£Ҳãѧ͸ҲãʲôģȻЩһķʽųȥ
̫ˡһ˵ǳҲĽ̹֮һ
ˣԼȥţֳܷȥзӳһռָŵǰϣ⣬ǴĵطһᰲѧԺʦѧǽȥһʱҲһȥ
ãһħǵ۾ڵҲ˻ѧԺǲˣ˶ξͼ˵ͬǸͳ˧֮һ
ǵ˵ͷʧ
ʮλʱվˣĿ뿪ȻǶ֪Ǵĸߵġ
ߺĸѧԼжǷˡ
ѧԺĽ

б̼ôڵʢҲͱһռˡ

ϣյ˪Ϣˡ
˵ļһ⻹˪ðġ
ţ겻㶼ˡ˵ţ˪˻
ˡ˪һۣҲǷˣĸϹڼܲʵġʱҲϵ㣬Ҳϵңˡ
ҵĴҵĴЩգְϹˡ
ҵأ˪ʱ̲ס֡
㿴Ҽ˵ضˡ˵ţ˳㣬һ鱦£ܻûɸ·Ժ㴩һ·ҲҪ·ˡ
ҲҪ·ˣ˪סܻûɸ·ʲôĶУ
ǵģ̲סЦ
ɫǣҸݻװ㣬ʲô˪̲סǰһۣЩߵ
ǺǺǣȻ̫ˡ


1502 ǰ̯
£˪ǺԥĽ˹ȥ
͸Ķһ㲻ܾ
´˪ϣûһϮɫĳȹԽȹԽϤ
ⲻһμ˪ʱ˪·
˪һʱǨĸоʱĻǿ찡
ţλú㡣Ϊ˵
ã˪ƵĿǣЩ
˼˺ܾãҧҧ꣬ʲôˣȥģʲôҶ㡣
ꣿ
˪ԵЩǺ⣬ŭĿǣ˼һĽ
꣬Ҫꡣ룬ܸоԼҪ궼Ǻݳˡ
˪ûлشǡ
Ǵ˿ˣȻӵ漶ԣ˵һʲôǺ׾Ͳ³˪оԼȫ˪ôġ
ʮ꣬ʮꡣʱǻȥˣʵλҪҪѴĹʬյ¯һٽ¯ľ磬Ϊ˪Ըʮʱ䣬ò˵Ѿݳ޵˼ޡ
ãǾʮꡣ˪ʱ¶һЦݡ
ˣˡǿ˪Ц֪ôˣ˪ĺܸ˲ŻеЦݣһ϶ռ˴ˡ
ʵ꣬Ѿˡ˪˵ţ˭֪ҲӦԼϵسϼӣȻܴӦʮ꣬ǰҶ󡣡
ϹôˣǲҲҪϹһ¡˵ţһӰ˪˳ŷĴȥ
컹ûأ˪ѾߺһƬ
ڻס˵ţȫԳ棬˲͵ҹЩϰǸǾˡ
ѧԺ֮УһȺʦǸоһϤ
Ժʲô񹦰ۻ˵ţЩԺջصѧԺͿʼҿ⶯Ķ򵥡
ʦǣҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ΪˣǷһͨ档

ǡ
Ǻ˪̫ϵ
ǣǵڵķΧǵ̫գͣŵķɴ㡣
ϣ˿ܶҲﵽһֲĵز
ϵɹĵطаҩѧԺӪɵר̷꣬徭Ӫԭ̣ı̸ǲ٣ﻹᶨھٰᣬʱʱϵı
Ǻ˪ȻҲ˿˪ɹڵһ
ɹӰԺӳһӰΪһİ¡
ΪڣͲҪˣ෴ڵҵǰķӰƷΪû˼ƣǶ˶еӰƷܶߵкܴãҲһҵг
뿴Ǻ
ţϴСèŮŰ˵ⲿӰǸɽһŮ۵Ĵǹ¸ıģλŮ۸ҰҺޣΪԼİˣһΪ׼Ԫ˸Լȴ׹Ĺ¡˪˵ţЩĿǣϹȥɣ
ãȥǵ˵ͷǲŷ֣ƺû˪ʲôӰ
ƱȥǵӰӳĵطȫǱж죬ֻһӳҾȻѾˡ
˴ŰСʱӰǿʼˡ
ڿӰȫǰ˴뵽˵Ӱ磬ǰĵӰȫﲻġ
ڵӰ֮Уĺ档
йŮһЩڣһЩĵڹܿģô߰˷ֵĵȻⲿӰڣԾ˵ָ㡣
ӰƬӳһ룬һ
һ˲䣬ǶǱ뵽ĳ⾳֮С
ô˪ѯʵ
֪˭ӣȫѾ̤ĴˡǺĵĿ
βʱʱ㿴˵һ˪ЦЦ
һҵеڴˡЦЦȥڵؼʱҪˣŮʱΪȻȻİԼ׼ĳԪ硣ˣŮԼǴԪˡ
ǵβ
ˣȴԪĨȥ˼䡣
ǾڵӰȻֹʱӵȻһ֣ޡ
Ů֡
ٴ𣬲ȴƬβˣʱ˳ˡ
ȾǿһϤָ֣۾Źһҳֳֳָ֣硯
ﻹףԭ滹һλѧԺʦһλѧԺѧĲ롣
ӰԺȥһǱȽĵطԱһ֡
νԱһ֣ʵһɢǳ۸ƷĵطĶ۵˶Ūļֵ･ͳһԱĵطż©ˣʵϣԳĺöɲ٣мɹϴʡ
Ǻ˪һֻǹʮ֮һһ͹ȥˡ
һ·ҲһЩֵȽϸߵĶǲûЩ˵ǼֵߣʵԶԶﲻĵزǼֵ͵ģһǻĺʱڵĻƿ˪廨ãһǱмʯ
ó֡˪˿ȻЩˡ
ȻˣǾסһʱ䣬͵һǰƽ롣
˪̲ס˵ͷϹҪҲһ̯ɣ
ǰ̯Щ˪Ի·ˣôо˼أǺãҲһ̯͵һСûгǹܣȻǹһңų׼һ̾ܵûӰˡ
˪⻰̲סЦ
˵ǳȥһʱ̯λ
һһ죬ҪԤһҵѺȻѲסǡ
̯λˣǿ˿12318ţ˵ǰ̯ոճߣ̯λϻȥһٶҵı̯һʺơ
ڶ죬ǵ̯λʽˡ
˪ĺƽ˪ϵһ䣬һȫд帾ӣǶĿɿڴ
ǲᱻϳɣ˪룬ЩĵҪòҲıһ£
ڶȥǧˣͲ֪ǳʲôˡ˵ˣ˭ѧԺԺȻһϰ̯ЦЦˣţǵʽˡ
ţˡ˪˵ţǰ̯̺á
룬ӿռָóʮƷЩƷֵܸߵĶ͵һóȥҪڵҡ
ϹȻʮƷҲʮ˪룬һ̯λֶʮƷʮƷļֵóģʵͬѱʶ
˰ں̯λ֯һ㣬͵ȥʳˡ
˽ض˶ۻ
Ҳļţ죬ʱһ߶˵̯λǰ
̯λϵһƷһĽʲôŶʵ⽣ֵǮ⽣ϵǸ벻򵥣һֺϡе˿ƶɣһһ˿ֻ˿һֺǿˡ
ѽô߳һ£ڵ
һҡ˪ǿڣѾѿڶ
ʲôƽȻҪһҡİѽڵϣת۾ˣԱߵļ̯ոҲ˪ıۣǶɵ۵ĸоǮ˰ɡ
˿ˣһЦúȤ
ʮ֮һ˹ҲǰĽ
ôѯʵ
һǧҡȴǿڵ
һǧңŵĲһƨ˵ϣŻҪǮɣ
Ҫ˪Ц
ǾͺãǾͺá˵ţŲľˣ汻ŵˡ
һֱһСʱԼʮ߰ǵ̯λ
һ궢̯λϵһ¶ãɫܿͿǰĽ
ϰ壬ѱôģΪ׵ǸѯʵԵЩ⶯
ϹˣһҡЩ˵ţ۸ǷʮԱߵһЩ̯˿ĶҪಡˡ
һңסҲû뵽ǻ˵һôߵļ۸
磬⽣Ǳ㿴ˣԭǰһЩֵ
д㡣Ǹȴǵٴο˿ǣϰ壬ֻһѧһңʵֻϲѣҲһѱȱһ롣Ҫϰ壬㵥ˣĽֵǮ뷴ֻǸƷܶ׬㡣
ôԡЦЦ굹Ǵ
룬ҪǮЩŵĿǡ
˵ĸƷֵǮһҰɡ˵һ궼ŵȻֻҪһҡ


1503 ôȥ
Ȼֻһң
ŷӦǼ֮ɫ
㲻ҪЦ꣬ѯʵ
Ҫ̫Ҫˡ꼤ޱȡ
ţ߰ɡǵ
ɾʱһȵȵȣⶫҪˡ
̧ͷȥֻһųӣӺ滹λʹӡ
ߵǸǰֹס֣Ȼץסǽ롣
ȿеġʱŭ
ǻûгɽôӵĮĿ˿꣬ⶫøҰɣҸһҡ
С꼸ѿھǵ
ʱԱߵЩˣһ磬Ҫˣ˴·϶ˡҲ֪ģѧԱţȻѧԺѧҲǵġ
꣬ȭͷ
֪⽣ļֵ׷Ǹ֪⽣ļֵˣҿ϶һӵġǵˣѵɱҲɣҲ¡
˾ǿ궼ǿЦá
Ƭ֮˾
ǰȿеģƾɶø㡣
磬ϰǮǰѶߡ
һǰһ˵ţûлرܣѡվһսϡ
ȻǰӣȻѡ
Сӣ˵һ飬ⶫøҡӼ˵ѾЩвζ
ǮҶø㡣ߵ
㴩ѧУɣûв´ӦѧѧɣѧĸУҵһλ壬ŲֻҪ˵һܰ㿪ˡ㿼ѧ϶ҲףԻǰ̵顣ӿ꣬ż֮ɫܿ겻ʲôԣ֮ˡ
Ǻ˪⻰Ҳס
ǺϤľ鰡ǲڴѧʱ򱻿ȻŴѧԺ
㡭ŭޱȡ
쵰ôǾȥع㡣һѾŭ
ƾǻعүǿЦүֻҪһкûĸý˵һ䡣һʹӼЦСһȻʱڱ䣬ЩȴǴδǷֵȽ׵ģЩƶԶµˡ
⻰Ǳͨ졣
ٸԼҲˣⶫȥˣҲһַܶӿֻ꣬˵ţһңŸϽɣһϢʧˣû֪λͬӦĺѰɣǲԼҲΪǿһ£˵ǲǣ
⻰˿Լλͬѧ˿ھˡ
ϰ壬ⶫҲҪˡ꼸ǻԼе˵仰
磬ôҪˣ
磬ҾͲһ졣
λԵЩ⡣
ҪˣǲҪˡҧҧˣߡ
ðɡλѣƺҲʲôʱﶼζ
ϰ壬㿴ⶫѧҪˣô˵ţƵĿǣѾѽУϸＤޱȣȻǶҪǷϣ֪ĳʲôĸ߼ۡ
˪ҪʱסôȻԣɲǸղǸ۸ˡ
һüͷҪң
룬úƽ࣬Ҳһǧҡ
⻰ɵˣʹҲɵˣΧһЩ̯˶ǲûιȥҪ뿪λ꣬˿Ҳͣ˽ŲϸĿǣƺȷһԼոǲˡ
ոջֻһң򣬾ͨո˵ĶԻ֪ⶫֵƣһǧô£֪Ƿ˶ٱ
ӻû˵һʹѾǱȵôȥ
һʹӣЩͷһǧң򣬲͹𵢸⡣
ɫѾķ࣬˵һǧңһңòˣòЩǮ
Աߵλ꣬Ǿʹ켫ˣǳһڶ
ҿϷˣң֪˭ô¶һɿµɱ⣬վΪޱı¶˳Χ̯оƣޱȣվյĽзǾǵɾˡ
㲻ѧԱôոǶˡˣ㻹һѧθУľ˾ˡأ㻹ʲôһ˵Ϲܾûбŵˡ˪ʱЦܰŵ⽣͸㶼ԣͣˣҿ㣡


1504 
⽣룬ҲҪҲҪȻǳǡŭȵ˿Ѿʲôˡ
ֵôߵıһҪõܸʲôۡ
ǿ򰡡ǵĿӣϧҲһף͹⡣
ãõúܡ˿վҳΪѧԱ֮󣬻ǵһ˴衣
ѧԱʱ򿼺˹úܲλȴЩ̾˵ţţ㲻˵ʶôҲѧһǱߴкˡ
˵ʲôңЦˣʹҲЦˣ֪֪ʲôطǵأκһ˶ţ뿪һѧԱҪ㿼ȷϡһѧԱҪѧԱǩ֮ȷʽӵеΪţҪٸͳ˧ǩֺʽ
үûпôںŪءҪʶˣһͨʦ̯ķЦ
ôЦЦţԿ
á˪˵ͷͨѶ˵ʲô
װװʹӼЦȫΪ˪Ϸ
ԱߵһЩ̯˿ҲǿЦá
ǲͲװʲôβǣ˵ʲôҪһѧԱ治֪ʲôط
ˣҪ˰ɡ
һȺ˶ڳЦĿǷ޵ʱӵͨѶ
ǸҽӸ绰ӿ˿ͨѶû룬ֻΪʲô
½һƵͨ
ӵǰһ˵Ӱ񣬶һˣӾסˡ
Ϊ˾Ȼĸͳ˧֮һҲѧԺʦʯ֮Ϊͳ˧۲ڣݴͳ˧ְλȫȨˡ
ѧԱſơʯ֮˵ţƺȷݡ
ǣҡҲſЩǿĸͳ˧۾Ǽλ涼ҪĴڣû뵽ԺƵͨѶǺεȵҫһ̣ӻ֪Լͷ֣ǲԼײˣҪصֱӾҪһλͳ˧Ϊˡ
ŶǾûˡʯ֮˵ţǱʵڱһͼƬ⻹˪ողɼ͸ģſƣҴٷʽ֪ͨ㣬㱻ˣһ¿
Ҳſƣֱ׻ôܡ
ܱߵһЩ̯ѾǲŵĿǷޡ
λŵĴһѵΪո˪һͨ
ܣⲻܡſƼ˳ʹҲѾʧɫ̿֡
ٷѾ˿ȥ鿴ʯ֮Į˵ʵúſСɫ˷ʱ䣬ֻΪ˪飬Ż
⣬Ϊʲôҵ׷ʲôſƵڷ˿Ϊ˪ԭ
Ŷԭô㱻ԭǷ˷Щˡʯ֮˵ţӰתһܾͿǺ˪һȻһȻ΢΢һ񣬾жͨ
ʯ֮Ļܱߵ˶ɵˣʲôſƵǸʲôܷѵǻһ
ҵ찡Ҫôô
磬ˣһλ̲ס˷ܵҲ˲ˣţƵģԺʷˡ
Ҳ鵽ˣĹĹˣڸոա֪ͨ棬ӴöһǺɫ壬һȥܿۡһλָָǰҳٵ̯Ҳ鿴Ĺ˭ܲ鿴ȻǸ֣֪ͨǿ
үô죬ô죿һʹŻˡ
ʲôүҸʶˡһʹȴǴһˣ˷ڲޣѵҪһץ
㣬԰ɣſʱɵҲѾˣȭͷ˪Ҫ˪˺Ƭ
ʱȴһ󣬱ҲûоʲôſȴǸо٣һƨɾ̱˵ϡ
ɾΪȫûκô
ҡҡſƾĿǣľȺ˿ֻԶʹȴһͲˡ
Ҳ߰ɡ룬ȻóһڶҲʺˣǶļ۸
ȵȣꡣʱȴǺס⽣룬ѵ㲻ҪˣȻֻҪһŶ
ȻȥĽ˻
仰


1505 ǰǻټô
ͬѧ˿̶˷
磬ϰ廹Ըǽ㣬ȥ
ǰˡ
˵ţͻص̯λǰ档
ʲô֣ǿ꣬ʵ
ЩֻһͨܰѧԱѾµǷ޵ݲ򵥣˿Щսսġ
ô֡ڳ⽣ȥɡ
˵ţǰѽݸ˰
˿ȴԥˣҧϰ壬⽣Ķһ˿¶˿֩Ž룬ֻһЩռ䲻ȶĵطСŽĿռ˿רŲһЩռǿ󡣶³˿ΪҪڿռѷĵشǼޱȣܵסռ˺һĻһ˿Ҫֵң˿ٶмףֵڶĺܡ
⻰λ궼ɵˡ
ңʲôһһԭóĲ۸
ǲһЦ˵ȫȷȷǾŽ˿ƾŰ׳Ҹո˵һǧңʵǿʡ
⻰εҡҡͷǰȻ֪⽣ļֵΪʲôҪң
ʱû˵˪ȴЦ˵ѵһıǶϹ˵ȴǺ֮ܳˣֱӸɣ̯Ҳֻһ⣬Եġ⽣ֱ͸ɣԵ
ޱȣȻˣ̫ллǰˣһúõʹ
Ц˾ͳɡ
βѣǰģҾԲˡ
˪˵ϣԽԽЩ꣬λѣ˲ӡ
˼һ£˪һ뷨Ϲѵô˼СѣҪǲó㶫Ժ֪˼˵šǵǲȥˣ׼ʮļƷжʮһѡһΡ
⻰Цã⽣ѵãŵģһЩСѡ
˵ţǿλꡣ
Ա߲ٵ˴˿̶ǼǴ˿ﲻף⽣룬̯λϰŵĶʮҲ϶Ǳ
Ľ˿Ű˶Ľѡ
ǸѡһɣҲܰ׸ǣеǮɡ룬ǾʣµĶʮʲô᲻ϵǮԷ
ãáͬѧҲǼޱȡ
Ȼ󣬾Ϳϡﻩóϵҡ
˪ЦЦ˵ҼҲʮǰһ
ˣɡʾһ£ѡ
磬֪Щʲôô˵һ¡
ǰһʶооÿͨӣҲ֪ʲô
ԱߣٵΧҲ׷ָ
ѡǸëʣҸоǸëӵĶһı
ѡǸ㿴ĲϣһͲɽеġ
ѡǸ󵶣ȻһڣҸҿ϶϶ᡣ

˿Ҳȫ֪Ǻãң⽣룬ĶҲֱ治ʲôЩ϶ϡ֮治֪ѡһɡ
˵ţһָɫƿ֡
ȷˣѯʵ
ţҾҪɫСƿ˵ͷ
áǵ˵ͷԱߵ˪һŵĿŰСһﵹͦ۹ģô౦棬ƿͨģȴһ۾ѡʵƿԪƿһԭÿʮ۳һԪҺԪҺҪãһǸ̷һζʮڶҩԼҩĳ졣
أˡ
ѡ󿳵
ѡڲ顣
˵ţѾѶõС
áǵ˵ͷŶ߰ɣҲϣ˭ѴõĶȻҿǻġЩʲôôԼȥоԺǾÿ˻׬ˣܺڡ
ǣǰͬʱ
ţˣʰһ¶߰ɡվһʣµĶֱ뵽˿ռָ֮С
š˪˵ͷϵһûֳԭӣԱߵһȺ˶ǿĿɿڴ
ǰǻټô뵽ʲôȻĺ


1506 ٰ
⻰Ǵѧҵ֮һο˽ĻᣬͨˣټǻһᡣǲܣӦþһμˡ
ǰĽԱ²
ǣΪ˺ѧԱ֮󣬲ʸ֪ҵˡǻ˵ţڶ֪ҵݣǲûʲôôˣҪ뿪ˣΪ˱ǣѾһӡǣϵıӡǾͻᱻʱԾһΡҲһλᣬʱֻһ꣬һ֮ӡǾͻԶɢ
лǰٴθл
ǲ˵ʲô˪ǣʧ˵ߡ
˴˿̶оһ
ʣµİˣȴǳΪ˽㣬̯׷Ǵкһӡ
˭ܿԺǰ;
òף˲żȺ
磬ǲǾνһ˷ܵ
Ӧǵİɡ˵ţȭͷӽ쿪ʼҪŬˣڴѧҵ֮һҪ
һ𡣡λͬѧҲǵ

Ǻ˪뿪֮󣬼
ĵط˵㼣һξ꣬ʵŹСϵ
Ϲ㻹ǵðôһžϣ˪Ȼʵ
ȻǵãѾΪ˰ļôڰҩ˾Ĵ£Ѿϵҩ˾ǻ˵ôˣΪʲôͻȻ˵
Ĺϵάֵĺܲһֱ˽¶ϵ죬֪ҪڵظǷ룬ϣ˳·ȥǼ͡˪˵ţҵʱҲûôǣʹӦˡ
ðɣȻ㶼ӦˣǾȥϴ壬Ҳȥǧˡǻ˵ţһŵԺһһߣڣŵԶûʵ֡

壬Ӽǰʼͽ뵽һֽŵ״̬
ѧԺԺȷ쵽ôɽ´˿̿ŰЩţԺѹһʱѧԺԺȻС壬Ǽ嵽ʲôʺˣҪ֪ύѧԺʵûһ˿á
š˵ͷ֪뵽ǹʵҲǷ·ߵúãҪСѧԺԺ͵壬ֻһ;ܶ˵ǰѧԺĹϵȻǱѰðԻһԪôá
Щ֡ҪһЩôɽ´ЩĿŰЩŰⲻ󣬴֮յһЩߣһʮһλ֮࣬ΪȻûһλߣʮһλڰ嶼ЩλһȵĸоЩǲµģھȻҲʱʱĲְڲ顣
ʱǣάֺǲ֪ѧԺԺҪǼ壬˵˹ҡĲ˵϶вѧԺԺΪѧԺѧ˵ţҲһĸоǼһλ۾һλߣҲڵľ

ڰΧλĹҲ̸š
ѧԺԺҪⲻǰôǵİɡһųӣЩĵ˵Ҳ֪ԼڰЩ֣Щġ
̫ΪˣѧԺԺǺεݵˣǰΪ˴ǼѧԺԺģԼУǰļҳ˭ûһλǲġڰ巢չѸ٣ұѧԺܻ޷õԴֻҪڰϣһЩҪĶСһ˵ţˣϻˣȥѲȥǳ飬Ҳ𡣡
ڣ˶ڵȴš
ЩеңԶϵеĽ뿴ѧԺԺķɣеΪǣȡһμѧԺĻᡣ
ôе˽ޱȡ
ǸʲôҹһȥһѧԺԺķɴҪｵ䡣һĹȵ˼ٸڸˡ
ʲôףѧԺԺķɴأɴˣȻ˵ġ˲㱻Ƶ˿Щŭ
ʱԶˡ
Ǻ˪
ˡЦЦû뵽˻ͦ࣬ⰲڿʢˡ
ǽȥɣһϲ˪Ц˾ҪŰȥ
Ǹվסģ·ߵôʱһŭǰһǺ˪ŭȵ


1507 
⻰סˡ
˪ҲЩ֪ȻôƲΪӭôôڷǽˡ
ǹѾǰ־ͳץȥҹȥǰӭѧԺԺĵطȻһ̤档֪֪̺жһƽ׾ҵ
ϺǷŭһֻ־ҪץסǵĲӡ
ʱ΢΢üǰһصĲƣȥ͵ؾǹ˼
֪˭ôɫ䣬ﱻסҲ鲻á
ҹ˭ǰĴ£κ˸ңǾΪС˿ԼϣѾһ飬ǺֶΣҲһλˡΪΪˣǴش
ûҰ۾룬ϾϵЩ۾
Ǹոֻ΢ѵһ֮һʵûжãȻؾΪҲ߾磬ǿ˶١
㲻ǰλѧԺԺ˪ʱ̲סڵЩ̫ԵһЩ
ѧԺԺ㵱ûﲻɣѧԺԺĴͣǶôʽһ飬˵ģҲ򼶷ɴ۾ǰ·֪ðһһҲѧԺԺλЦΪǵ˵ܱߵҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ѧԺԺǺεݣôܾ͵Ĺˡ
ʵҲΪǸ֪Ǿһ࣬ͣҲûϵѳŪô󡣲ȻĻһʽһ㣬ڣȻΪԷʶԼſڶ
أ˪˿ѾЩĿλ㲻ʶǣǸѧԺԺϺǲΪ˺ѧԺԺϣһ϶Ҫ⵽ʹ
ҪѧԺԺҾѧԺԺĵˡǹߵȻǲ
˵ţֳʮλ
ЩҲĿǣȻʱңǻĲͷˡ
ôɫȻһֻ͵һץλ޷֮һͱץУ˵˭ĵ
ҡҡλɫ԰ףԼȻһʹλ졭ң˸ңһѧԺԺˣˡһ֣ܸѧԺԺһӡ󡣵ʱѧԺԺã΢ָһԺͻƵ۾綼ǲܡ
ʣµʮλཻһ£֪ôˡ
ֵĻᣬԲܴ
ʮˣͬʱǣΧŵķ׷׺ˡ
ˣҪ°˾
ЩĹǸ˾ʱֵ֣úˣѧԺԺһǹĿ࿴ΪܵˣνһӺߵЩĻᣬ϶Ҳһ
ˣҲͬ뷨
ǿʮνĹ빥üͷϳһ΢ɲɱ⡣

˪ʱҲЩˣͬʱѶң
ﰲһѣǵǲˣҲǾԼİ˴¡
ţӣǾǴȥʮȭ
ÿһȭǴ͸ռ䣬Ӱռ֮лˣʮλֻоؿһʹԴûвͷ׷׵˳ȥ
Χ۵ˣǱһ
ʱ򣬰֮Уڸ˲İѾɫ䣺ãˡ
˵ţӰ֮зɱٶȿ硣
󣬻ӰⶼǰĳϺһЩӵܡ
˿һĻĿɿڴ
תۣһŮӾͳǰ˶ϳˣǰμ
˲֪ҪʲôʱֻƳƳµʮһλߵǰӯӯһݣ峤ѧԺԺ
⻰Χе˶ޱȡ
ѧԺԺǰ˾ȻѧԺԺôܰǱ˭ܸ϶ĻһЩѾŵĻ겻壬ڵµʮһλǸ嶼ڷ
ǸովȻѧԺԺ֣ⲻô
ġ
Ϊ׵λ˿̻Ųľһӹǰֵ̿Ժʵûʥݣð
ĹҲǹڵأͷ̧


1508 ľ
⻰ȴǲˣ˵ʶǾͿԶҳ֣ԺҲ̫۸ˡǱϾǰˣҸһӣԲ˱ϳΪ˽Դ
ʮһλ⻰Ųת˰ǰ
ҧţոѾŪľ˿νŭЩһﾹȻҶѧԺԺ֣ڰӴѧԺԺʱҾǳһ㣬Ȼͱ˻ˡ
˿̣ɱЩĶˡ
ȺʶѧԺԺͲʶΪʲôһʱǰΪӭԺĵѾ˼û뵽ȻȫСɽ´˿Ѿҽȫɱˣһ
⻰ʮһλŵɫ԰ס
ɽ´󣬰һӵҲǶʮһλĺ⡣
һ׺ݵʮһλɪɪ𿴰һ߾ǿ߶ûУѧԺԺɱǣǾͨˣܷ
ллԺܰѴǵȨҡ˿̲ûʧȥǣʱȻնɱʮһλĹһйͷ֮ȴʲôӰ쵽ѧԺԺֻΪѧԺԺɱʮһλ
ǻ˼˵ע֮£ڵʮһλε鲻ȫǣҲҡѧԺԺһ͵ȻֹΣòģʵࡣǰһԺ˵ʥݣҲͲڵľ档
ԣԣǡ
ѧԺԺ̫ͻȻˣǲ֪߲
峤Ĺûã޹ء
ʮһ˷׷˵ţ˿ֻϣӹһ١
ʮһˣǳˣ죬˵
ʮһһͻ˵ˡ
Χ˴˿Ҳͣˣ֪ǰմˡ
ǸðѧԺԺĹҪϳΪҿԲ׷һ˳е¹Ҿʹȥһְ˵仰ʱΧһƬȻ
ɽ´һڰӵܣ׷׶ֹ
ǲö˵Ҫεȷҡ¶һɬЦݣˣûдȥ֮λ֮ǰһҪһ顣ӽ֮󣬰ϳĹԺʮһλǩԼϵԴʧЧҽӴ֮󣬰ôСƸ빩Ժ
⻰һƬȻ
ɢԺԺ󶼲ڻСİ壬Ե̫ˡ
һڵ˶Щˣһǿ󣬲ǿЩƸĹԴڼ屾ǿ󡣰ÿһ˶ҪԴΪǣǼһλ۾һλߣһȺʵһֱ˼һ⣬Ӱһλ߾汲֮󣬰ļƶȣһеΪּǽύʸϵԴ档ʧȥΪһĿģǾԻ͵ǿߣˡҾðʱҪһˣǲҪ̳汲ĻԻͣҪԽ汲ǿ
İһȺϡӵܶ˳˼
תһһİԱǾһ㣬ÿ˶ǳ޾Ķ־
壬ڴ˿̾ˡ
е˼̲סЦ˿̵ΪЩΪһ·ˣؼʱҪָڸﶦС
Ժ˼Цˣ֪Ժڻܷ񵽰ͣεһԼЩźڴ
Ȼǵͷ
߰ɡ˪ʱ򣬺Ȼ˵ĲڰԿѧԺѧԺԽԽǿ󣬰巴ʧȥˣҲҪԼʸС
һԼĶĶˡ
ʵΣˣڳûѧԺǰĶһЩ۾Ǵۣһ߶ûеİ壬޷ѧԺĲʧѧԺߡ
֮С
Ǻ˪λ֮ϣİĳԱˣǳ˳羴
ô˵ڵȨ벻ѧԺ
ǿŰֿ˿һڳϣŵһλߣֳŵ֮˭ԸΪߣҿ԰ΪǸ硣


1509 Ϊ
⻰һڳ϶Щ
̫ͻ߾ˣڰҲҪһλߡ
ʱȴǼȻܰһ羳ߣ⾳ߣǿﾳǱΪ۵ġȻһʱǵΪһ޴ҲǳɾͲĿܽ͵ֻԭʮ֮һ
̣ǰ
ȻȷʵˣĸȴˣԳɾͲǺܲġ
Ǵ˿̵İһڳϣȴ̹ȻЦˡ
ɾͲ飿
Ǹ磬Ǹû֮УǿҲﾳ
ܱﾳѾޱȵˡ
ԺԴ֮һλߡֻҪðٳһλߣκδ۶ܸ˵ǳɾͲĸֻԭʮ֮һôʵʲôÿһλ϶һʵܰǵΪ߾磬ѾǴ޺ˡˮޱȵ˵ΪһֱѧԺԽӵһλϣ˿ԣҲ˼
Ȼˣѡһ˳ɡǲڶ˵ʲô˸־ڰһλ߸ӵҪ
һڳϣǳĬˡ
ǲԸ⣬̫Ҫˣ˭˵һ
û˵ôڰǰ峤ɡ˪ʱ򿪿ڵյľȨ˰
ȫȨ峤ȷһڳ
á˵ͷʱ˲ԾľΪҪᣬֻʱȴǵҪڳһλߣҲֻȨ֮ơǰҪʵһλֻ񴫳ļ壬Ĳ࣬Ҵȥְλ֮ұ׷󡣡
˵֮͸¶һɾ

аĳԱ˿̶Щû뵽һŮΪ帶ôࡣ
Ƭ֮󣬰˾ˮϣҾ㡣֪ͻƵﾳԸΪͻƣʮγ磬ȫʧܶաΪһУҲĿõģھΪһ飬ͻƵﾳڼڵĹؼʱڣػ壬ֱһλﾳ˵
Ҷ峤Сˮ˿վ˳ᶨ
ȻˣǾͿʼɡһУˮͲܿƵеĵֿҵָȥһǿ֮йﾳİ壬Ȼ壬Ϊ硣
ǡˮӦ
ǽ˵ʲôһʶ˰ˮꡣ
߾İ壬ȫ˰ˮ֮СˮĽЩϵϢҲشӻ羳ﾳת䡣ֹô˵أѧһﾳһĿһ˶ǾһϵеḶ̌еĴ𰸣ǰˮǵĹ䣬ǿĿȻȻĳ˴𰸣мĹ̸ûС
ﾳˣﾳˡɽ´оˮϢѾ˷츲صı仯Ȼ
ﾳһף
ﾳף

ﾳĽף
˴˿̶Ѿﾳ˰
ǣȻûͣ
ﾳף
ﾳף

ﾳ߽ף
һ̣Ƕˡ
Ҫģʱȴǲ˰ˮЩƺҲԼΪѾⷶ룬æѵ
ˮ⻰
ﾳ˽ף
ﾳŽף
ﾳ۷壡

ʲô磬ҸоˮϵϢﵽﾳ۷塣ɽ´ѿڶ
ѧԺԺʵǹ컯޷ݡһλҲǵǾ֮ɫ
ֻܵˡǵջ˰ˮϸ˵Ӧǰ벽۾֮ĵ۾磬Ҳ޷۾磬ҪԼĽ磬ҪԼĵⶼǱ˿ԲֵġȻҲǿƵ֮йһֵҲǷ򣬵ܿ޷ס󷴶ɢ
ֻѾˡˮһ֮дݹ̲ס볤ХһΪʮһλĸڰ˵Ϊ
ȥɣкܶڵ㡣룬ܸоʶֻ̽ΪĴڣԵС
áˮ˵ţ֪˵ǰһӵܡ


1510 ѧʦ
ˮ˿һɳ죬档
նһУ۳塣
ֻǿһĻǰˣЩĽĺ֮ˣ˿̶֪ˣˮѾ߾ˡ
ңˮұѧԺԺΪ벽۾֮Ժ򰲸塣ˮȥͬʱɢȥһɼǿϢϢЩͬΪﾳǣװˮԷ飬һСʱ֮ǰֻǻ羳ߵˣѾǰ벽۾ˡ
ѧԺԺôġ̲סģȻҲߣҪ˵֮벽۾磬ȴҲʮİա
ѧԺԺ벻ླһϸµĴڡȴǾȻģ˶ѧԺԺѾЩäĿˡ
䣡
֮У֪˭һ˸Ÿߺ
ȥ
ĿŰˮǰ弤ޱȵˣ֪Ѿͬնˡ
ѧԺĵλֱǰθһ
ϾѧԺԺΪһλΪʷǰġ
һϢܿʹ˳ȥ
Ȼֻϵĺ䶯ȴǲСвٵԺֶһ룬ǾѧԺԺȻԼҲˮһһ졣
ǱԼʮһλǺڲ
˰壬ѧԺԺԺûɽˡ
ߵܸо˿ǵĿֵֹģָоô˵أͺڿһȺɵƵġ
Ϊдǣٰʢᡣ
Ǻ˪Դ˶ôðֻ΢¶һ뿪ˡ
ڰڵĿռ䣬£һӣں˪ѧԺµһ²衣
ʱ򣬰Ƭռ䡣
Ժ˪㡣˿Ե࣬ǰʱǱȽηǣٵʱȻҲ޷̹ȻİǵԵȵѣҲôǡҪʶĺ磬Ҳ֪ǵΪˣˡ
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ȷʵôһ˲䣬еĶˣ뵽˪˵ĻԺδûгĻᣬһѡˡʵ˵
ǰͺ˵ҪЩ£㻹ҪʲôںˣļԲˣǿڵΪǻߵľ磬ѧԺһȺܺӣҲˡˣǸɳĺѣڲ֮ΪϵһŮʦΪҲǴﵽﾳ߽סЩε˵
ߵǸŰ˼ôͣҲǻ羳ˣƻųﾳˡ˪ҲЦ
ԺԺôǾͱȡЦˣҲЩ᱾ĩˡ嫵棬ջҪʵƳٶҩӪٶĲҵûʵػҲһ;˿̺ѣԼԺҪߵ·
֪̲סЦЦˣǰ壬Ҳֻ˳·ǻҪȥĵطඡ
һվҪȥӴϵ˵ӴϵһǹˮµĵطƯ˪˵ţѾʧƬռ䡣
Щ㯣˵ʵһǸܡ
˻ԴȻ˸ո˪λǾȻһ
ǡ
̲ס˹ʱһ쳹ԺΪȡˣѧԺһƸ֪ͨ顣ΪѧԺյѧΪ߲ܳ⾳ǻ羳ѧԺֻʦݡȻʦɾͲ࣬Ψһһ·
˪
ѧʦ
Щܳ·е
תϾһɾʲôݽѧԺⶼһشĻ
뿪ѧԺԶ֮ǻǾÿˣǿһԼ鰡ˣԼ鶼Ƹһླ鵱ʦˡ֪ʱӦúģֱӰΪˣͷʵʵصѧô
˪⻰̲סǷһۡ
˵ءЦߣǵ֮С
ʲô£ǵġ˪
תʮʱǹȥˡ
Ժʲôʱ򷵻ѧԺѡˣһѧԺӿѵõĴѶǣҲʮ棬һδѶ


1511 ŵ
һ󲨣ж󣿡ǵȻо˵ˣȿȣҵļҲˣϻѧԺʱ̸
õġۻЩӦԺĵƤˡ
߰ɣѧԺʱת˪˵ѡˣѧԺҪӭһδģ֪Щʲôѧ
ţȥɡ˪Щʧ䣬ʮû뵽һգ۾͹ȥˣλȥ֮Ҵúһ£ȡͻƵʥɾ硣
ҲáǵͷȻҲϣ˪ʵԽԽǿ˪Ĺ⣬ͻƵʥɾ磬λжܱ
֮ǻصѧԺ
ڶҲѧԺʦһЩĸһЩز
æЩпҵۣѯʰѡ顣
ʦþò͸ġӹȥһȻһƿˮɽصŮزҲɽˮ
ⶫǲ۽˹Щ֡ϲˮò֪ʲôɵģڼѧԺ֪ˡһƿˮǺϲġ
ˣ˵˵ѡ飬Ҷ˵ǸһźܸȤķһЩѧԺļͬʱ˵
۵˵ͷˮȻͿʼѡǹΪ쾳վ⾳󾳽ıôջÿǰһǵڵп͸߿һֻҪһ֮УͿĳõҲԸɣѧԱܳΪһԱȻʵһ֮еţڱûнʱ򣬿ܾͱһЩˣⷽ棬ѧԺûƣȴһ˶ûеѧԱҲЩģߴ۶ġ
⻰ЩⲻǴѧķôжѧԺԸΪѧԺѧġ
ˡ˵һ֡
һˣôҲǴﵽƽˮ׼ˡǼ򵥵ļһ£˾˰ɣЩ˵츳Σ
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Щѧ϶кӣΪ˰Щ츳õʵÿչԼǿ󡣡ЦЦԺҲװɡ
⵹ǣκһѧԱʵУṩʲôԴûѡǶԴ˵Ǻ⣬ȻˣǾͺúõЩѧԺѧԱչʾһѧԺʵô˵ҲҪʸĹЩƷ¶еģҲգǰᡣѧԺʱҲ˳㿼һǵΡ
áӦܿЩΪˣԺĶáѧԺǿĶѧԺ棬ôչʾ˿
кѣһҸһЩʱֻ֤Ҫ֤ǾܽѧԺܺܶ࣬Щѧ֮Ҫǣߡ
ЩСһǿĲ⾳ǻסЦЦԴ˲ôġ
Ȼ۵ֶΣΪۻһᣬʦѧһ¡
ʵϷչʵҲǺбҪġ
һ֮λڰѡϻǰһ½˵
ʵ׼ȷ˵Ӧλٶʮһ쾳ţһپʮλվţԼʮλ⾳š
ԺλѾǣѧԺѾõǱЭǰסĻǻʽ̫ϵȻɽѧԺۼ򵥵İ·˵һ顣
ãھЩȲˡվЩ棬֪ûкǼϵšҪʦҲû£һȥǿҲ
û⣬ʵЩҲͦġЦǺǵ
˵ţռŲƾ뿪ѧԺ뿪˵
ǣľƵꡣ
Ƶ꣡
λ֮У֣ΪЩŻϤѧԺⰲ˸Ǿһӭƻᡣ
ĵظװһ¡˵ţԼͨҲһ֪ĻΪǾƵķԱء
϶ûϳˡЦȫһˡ
߰ɣҶˣЩŵĻͦġЦЦһ˽ȥ


1512 
Ƶ꣬¥ǧ
ЩžۼĵطҲ˵Դء
˽ȥ֮󣬲εվ棬ʱ˲пմڵĳ
ô˵أ
һȥλŻǧٹ֣ÿһ塣
涼ƣȻսĽĿǰ棬ЩҲǻˡ
ֵ֮ܿԴͷǾȻӵһӡ
ϣžƱ˷ܵ˵ʲôҲ˵Ȼ˵ʱ򣬺ôЦ
磬˯˹Ůˣ˵˹Ů˸ǼƷǽϵʱһЩĽ˵ЩӣԵҲĽ
˵ˡ˹Ůʵ̫ˣҲǴһūﻨǮģǻôǮҲֵЩ˵ϲ˶ĽĤݣָ߸ϵĸо
ŪŮԣԺ󲻻кýġʱһȻڽһŮӣŮӳһ¹ǣ֪ʲôġ
ɯʵ¹ŮŮˣҲüò˵Ҳͦζġѡϻǰһǧ¹ŮһûԹءҪˬһѣԺѧԺұ֤ú㡣ǿЩа˵ʱ˲һڽкá
쵰˵⻰Ĳǰɯǣ˿Щˣһ˭ȻҲΪѧԺѧЩģҼһҪ
ЩŵһͿҲЩʧ
ʱǱߵİɯˣ޺޵ŰɣԺһҵ
⻰Цƾ㣬¹Ů嶼ǵūԺһԹԵġ
ȻһĴЦ
ɯ˵ҲȤ͵ؾһơ
磬˵ЩΪѧԺѧжͨи̲סʵҪȽϿڷ쾳֮ҲֻǧȥʵĲ㣬žǺӣ֮ǿģԾľ˳
˽İѡ͵ͨʣҲҪ֮һ֮ϡѧԺģ˵е֮е̲㣬Ҫ϶ܵͣЩѧԺǺܿȫͨ
ǿŰǱѧԺǸӡһЩȻΪ
ϧˣѧԺ֮һûУǿɶҪġϣѧԺȷʵû澺ȣǱ̡ɽЩࡣ˷Ȼ²Ҫ̫޷ЩӵĴõصҲѧԺˡ
˵磬⾳֮һپʮôҲΪѧԺѧ̲סҪ֪һپʮʵѾܿǰˡ
ұȽϴĵطˡһپʮЩ棬ǰģѧԺǾѧԺңǻҸеԴҵϡЩò˵Ĵˣʲô˵ģΪͷΪţ󡣡Ц˵ģԵЩź͵⣬϶Լһᱻ¼
ĴԼСٴλһһ漶ţ¼
ǵģдѧԺʲôطˡҲǺ޺޵Ҷ̲סˣһȭͷ
ùˣȻ濴ЩһĳªһĶһΧſĿˣЩֱӶˢˡ
Ҳ̫ˣǿѧԺǿ֪ѧԺϱ˴ˣȻٺľܾǣ¼ǣȥڰɡԵøӵĺݶȻҲıˡ

һֱɢȥǺۻȥˡ
ڶ죬һ򼶷ɴλİͨ涴ԾĹ˵
Ĺ̫ϵȻأϾ֪涴λõĻ˭
ѧԺڵ̫ϵô棬˴˿ҲȥһεɫԾľͽ˵ߡ
ǵ
ʱһսγһǸŰΧסˡ
סôսҪʲô


1513 
һȺ˻ɻʱ֮г
ֻ޵Ŀռ֮УһҾ޴սˣսʮ׳޴ޱȣͣڿһͷ͵ľһ
漶ս
˶ǲһҪ֪漶սɲǴײˣһҲֻоްԼʸӵС
ʱֻ漶ս֮зһͶӰһӣפ̫ϵػӣǽĪ£ڽм顣
ʲô飿
⻰ɴ˶ס
ǲҪΪѧԺѧѧԺѧҲ飿˲оԼܵһ㡣
ǻǡʱսĽڵѧԺѧǶѧԺѧ֤ǳɴҲѧԺǵעɴأѧԺûôס
Цǿɶǰ֮еĶţǽѧԺʲôѶȡۣ˿ʮ㣬λĻ
ʱ򣬲űˡ
ʮλֳE6ǹĵʿ˽E6ǹǹԹԱˡǹȫ䴩⾳ߵķﷶΧխһЩʿһ߻Ļ˵Ҫˡ
ʿǽǿƵһ䡣
Сӳվһߣóһ̵ݸ˽ǾЩʲôţ
˵ͷһ̣ǵģҲǽӵȥѧԺ
СӳȻЩˣʲôţҿǱһĺܡѧԺǵѧҵȺء
⻰εҪ˼ҵᣬǵˡ
˵Ȼ󣬵ҲЩŵĶ䡣
ڣ˶ЩŭʱһӵĲˣŭ˵ʲôڰѡϽǰһЩӿԱȵġ
Сӳ⻰̣˳˵ļһôʲô֣ʲô磬ˣ
ŵ϶һʮ꣬쾳߽ס
ߵ˵ʱԺ
Сӳʱйһʿׯ㲻Ǵôһ£˶ãʲôΪ
ׯʮ꣬쾳ס
ǽׯʿԵЩ˵֮ЩεЩǱЦңܼҲá
⻰ǲ
Ȼֻһףׯȿŵ϶ʮ꣬ͺܿˡ
ⲻܣмǰָиֳԴô᲻һʿŵ϶ŭ˵
ʵˡСӳЦ
ʲôô죿ŵ϶ȭͷĿʼһĲ
ɡСӳ˵ţЩء
⻰˶ס
ɣ
һİĴϸôϤѧԺеġ
Ҹո˵һĺܣвôׯֻһͨѧԱܺЩˣ֮ϲѧԺƼҲֻѧԱлһΪѧԺѧСӳ˵š
ǵģʮѧԱڱҵ֮ǰΪѧԺѧģʵ֮һֻҪܽѧԺԺٵĳɾҲҪǵ۾ѧԺвıҵ׼ׯݺݵص˵ͷΪѧԺѧǶ̫ˡ
ԣΪܳΪѧԺѧˣ̫ˡһ˵ĻѡСӳ˵ţһնӣû⣬ЩʲôŽ̫ϵ
ǣӳһȺʿ˵ţ׷뿪ׯ
սٴǿεɫȥ
ս֮ڣȴǰ춼û˵ЩνѾҡˣѵĲʲôš
뵽ѧԺ͵ĳɾ;ȻҲǵ۾ȴҲĳ
˵Ŀǳ񣬿ܳмţ˳ɾͲླͲˡ
һǻǵġƬ֮󣬿ڵǾţҲطôǻˡ
Ҳš˸ŵȴԵЩĲˡ
Ǵһ¾֪ˡһŮӻڣҲ˵뷨ıϡ
ɴڼʻܿ˵̫յսͣ
ȥɣս޷ֱʻκֻܳרŵİڶɳȻΪﵽ˻羳ϣԻ÷нʸ񣬲ҲҪרŵͨ˵ţȻ˿ǰһӣʦãǾͽˡ


1514 𾪵ǣһ
õġҩʦ˵ͷȻ䲻ЩνţʱҲûԼ񣬶ʵϴЩһѧԺսƻͿʼˡ
ʲô飬ʲôׯǰźõġ
ҪĿľǴЩţһ࣬ҲǰţڵȴʲôѧԺǼ룬ܳΪѧԺѧǵˡִȻֻǸոտʼ
һţʱԾĿ˻ҩʦ
ǶڻҩʦЩ棬ΪոǸȻƺҩʦΪʦ
ҩʦЦЦˣҾǼĵһλѧԺʦҽһ£ҽлҩʦǿԳƺΪʦаСĿǰԪΪҲ˵ﾳڸѧԺ
ҩʦȻﾳΪһȺǶЩ
ȻԺͻƵﾳⲻ󣬿ҲԺˡﾳǿߣȫﲻġ
߰ɣҴȥڶɳ
ҩʦ˵ţһȺ˵һ޴ͣ˵ǰڶɳʵһҼ򻯰ķɴ
ѾкܶŶˡ
˶üͷڸʲôȻҲҪŶӣ⿪ʲôЦ
ǿŰΪġ
ǿǰĻҩʦŶӣǻô죬˼һﾳû˵ǻʵŰɡ
ʮ֮һڶɳ
ڶɳҲǸǵģһӾ˽ǧˣвپȻǴУѧ
ڸѧУڷ٣ص˱Ƚ϶ࡣҩʦ򵥵Ľһ
ʱһȺҲ뷨
ǲҪһôڲǻˡ
Уǰɯһ꣬óһʼдʲô̲סС˧磬ƺûɣʲô
һ㶣̧ͷ˿ɯҵ
ҵ
ɯסЦˣΪʲôͨѧĿǵĳҵݿȥʱ˶ɵˡ
ֻдţ̸һ⣬ϸоٹҪء
Ŀɯ±ˡ
ǸС˧磬ǵѧУô˵⻰ʱ򣬺һ񶨵Ļش𣬿ǽʧ
ʲôôеѧУһһĻ֪ʶĻ֪ʶѧúãԺͿԵѧңּҡĻлῼĴѧЩôĻ֪ʶ
⻹֪ʶɯ桯һ£㲻񾳲ʼоˣ˭ǻ֪ʶˣһСƭңҿһǸ̲ôҺܺ档
˵ôԡԥһ£ǵݸ˰ɯ
Ƚ̲ĵķ棬һ֣дǱѧԺоٿⱾ֣Ȼߵ֪ʶȻ鷭Ȿ飬ֻⱾ潲ȫǴ֪ʶ幹죬Ȼڽβʱᵽ˷
⡭ֱǷˡɯⱾ̲֮󣬵һ뷨ѧԺѵ֪Ƕôһ伮ļֵȫһֲ༶ǾȻӡˢ˽̲ģÿѧһݡ
ʲô⣿סɯɫЩԣǲǷʲôǵĻɷˣҵ̲Ĵ󣬻ѧԺ⽱˵лֱӳΪѧԺѧء
ܷĴ̫ˡֻҾ⡭ⱾǼֵǣѧԺǣҲ̫Ϸˡɯ˵ţ֪κûĸҰЩĵ伮ó˵ѧǵ̲ˡ
ֵǣѧסȻóԼһأﻹǣҲôֵǮɡ
⡭⡭ɯ͵ͨ죬찡֪ʲôһķˣ⡷һ塷סİء۳ְ취
ЩģȻȫѧԺо
֪ʲôط
ôĵ伮ɢ䵽֮УƶǼսȴôˡ
ҩʦںܵȻĿһĻĸģǻѣ£¡
ҲòϣѧԺ̫ΰˡɯ֮󣬸һۡ
ЩǴ˿Ҳ쳣
ЩѧԺƵĽ̲Ķôˣ֪ѧԺʲô
һ̣ǿʼһ뷨ǾһҪΪѧԺѧѧԺҪǴˣҪһӡ
ˡʱɴؿʼ٣ҩʦҲվ


1515 𾪵ǣ
ɴͣڵĳ֮һ
ɽУǾ
ǻĵģȴҲģ﷢ȥÿӰ쵽ϵ
һȺǶҲһЩΣ֪
֮ǾˣȫһǶΪãŲƣܣһͣһҵĳɴһȺȺʿѲߣе۾ǿ߳ûǰһϢûУÿƺͨ
ǵģϰҪٵˡ
ĩǴʲôûȤһǼ򡣡
СѲݳῪʼˣڻǣʱһȥɡ
ŲϴǶ棬˵ۣһȺȺ°һ㡣
֮Уȫĳ
̫̫ƽˣһԴ
߰ɣҴȥһվҪȥĵطҩʦ˵ţҪ˽ѧԺѧԺҪ˽ʵǵࡣҪȥطʷݣϸļ¼ʷ
ʷݣǶסˣǶɲȤǻҩʦҪȥҾܾ˵һҲֻѧԺİš
ܿ죬ݵˡ
һ߲ĲݣռسǧĶŶʮ׿
ſڣﶼǳ˳羴һЩҲġ
Сǣ֪ʲôطôһһƯŮʦҲǶʮ꣬ȴҲѾ浤Ϊ
֪ʷݣҰְǰһСк˷ܵڵѧҲʹǰ꣬͵ڵ꣬ҪڵߣĺӣҲǻ۵ĺӣʱܾѾܸĴڣѧʵǳٵˡ
ѧΪ꣬ȴûбͨ
ˣרҴ󵨵Ԥ⣬ԽԽǿĺҲıŻЩŻһ޶ȣϽʱ䣬ʱ˵ᵮǻ۵ĺͯһЩͯһͿӵΪ
ЩĿǰ̫Զˡ
ʷݣѧ֮ĵһ٣ѧУʦĵطŮʦ˵ţǽȥʦʷԼ֪ѧԺʷϸĽ˵
⻰һȺ˷ޱȡ
Щǵı֣ƺѧԺ뷨ΪѧԺѧҲҪ˽Щʷ
˲֮Եú¡
ҩʦκεĽ⣬͸ŸոλŮʦһȺλŮʦ
һȺǶˡ
Ůʦĺ棬ָһͼȿʷҪ෢չʷʷ෢չʷ˴꣬մԳˡԳˡˡһֱڵࡣʷǾʯʱͭʱʱʱʱԭʱϢʱԼڵǼʱ෢չʷĿǰֻо壬˵ʱҲֻǲ²⣬ûжٵʵ壬ʷȴǻۣǿΪڵ࣬ʯʱڵǼʱ࿪ʼݺǿգսͻףֻһʱ䡣
⻰һЩСǶǼͨ졣
ΪΪһԱԺǺЩȴȫˡ
ʯʱֻ֮һͽ뵽ڵǼʱʲô
ⲻܡһסˣôֻһʷѵڵЩ۾ѧԺﾳѧǵ۾ֻ˲һʱ䣬ڵΪƭӣǶƭӡ
һ꣬⿪ʲôЦҲЦѧԺǴΪ˸ҿ˵ʵһֶš
ʵҲǿˣǴʼǼʱҲ˽һǧʱ䡣ֻһ꣬˵ǱǴһǧ࣬Ҹ޷ʵһӽҧݣԼΪ٣ȴֻоܵ衣
ǲţŮʦʱ򻺻˵ţĲ˵ոһᵽѧԺѧȷʵֻ˲ǧʱ˵۾磬඼֪飬ֻҪȥһ¾֪ƭˡ
е˶֪
ǧ꣡
һȺǿŮʦ˵Ŀ϶Щ̿ģǾ̫ˡ


1516 𾪵ǣ
һȺǻɵʱһ
ģҸոշһϣдҲǧꡣ
˵ǰɯ
û˵ҿʼҲǲŵģԸոջʶռ䣬һĻϣ۸ǺֻܹҪһңȷǺܶ˶֪ܡд䣬ʱ䣬ǧꡣ
ʯˡ
˶٣пѧԺԺ˶ˣռǲƭ˵ġṩϣ϶ȷϡһ̣еİǶĬˣǰʲôţ֮в˳ǧ꣬ǿҲ⾳ȴѾǽ۾ˡ
ôǸһЦѡ
ҲѧԺ̫͵ˣʱ̫̣ѧԺѧĿֲûôȥȻˡ
Ҽǵɽʷϣһ飬Ҳ˾ǧʱͻƵ˵۾磬黹Ķȷ򣬶ֻǧ꣬ĻǾ˵һȷ򡣡һӻ̿ޱȵ˵˵ʵɽĵ۾
棡
һȺǣƺŪĵʲôһط
ûţΪÿһ˿ܶţȷͨ
һȺʵˡ
ԽԽʷǰиӵϸǿʱȻʱȴֻһʱȫǱ׵Ĳᡣǿո壬ʱŲԭڵΧȻС硣ǿǼʱʱ齨ĵлΪɽİֻǵôȫȫľӪϵ
ʷȫһĳɳʷǿĶѪڡ
һ갡
ʯʱ֮ķչָһֲ̫ˡ
ǿѧԺʷȻǸǸŮʦ
ѧԺĳ֣˵ʷΰһ飬ѧԺԺɽɽѧԺһʷѾעҪޱȻԻ͡һ꣬Ҳ˳֮ΪԪĿʼĻ׼ȷ˵ӦŰһꡣûа䲼ʵʩֻ˽棬Ѿ˿ʼʹŮʦ˵š
ҩʦŮʦ˵ţҲЩ
ʵ֮ǰµʱ򣬾꣬ʱǾʱδҲһֱǳˡȻûٴ飬Ѿʼȡ֮ǰĹԪ꣬ȱҲһʽ֪ͨˡ
һУʱ䡣
ʱһȺǶǴܴ
һվɽҩʦ˵ţɽѧԺԺȻѾãȴҲһʥأ֤ѧԺڵĻҲһЩʦѡѧϿΣõĻ˵
ɽطһȺǶǳڴ
˵һʱ䣬ϵĳ۾ͺ۾ڴˡһŮӵ԰ɯã˵ܼλ۾ء
۾ǻ̫Զˡɯ̾һ
һȺ뿪˾һСʱʱɽС
ԵɽЩͬǸоŨ˺ܶ࣬ѧһĴ͵
̫Сˣ󲿷ֵʵڵС֮СԺһƻùһ֮󣬹ȻõǧǵϵĻӵĲ㡣ҩʦ˵š
ˣǰɽˡﲻܷȥֻܲСһоǧʮŸ̨ףԺѧԺʦãÿһ̨ףǾͻῴ಻ͬĶҲ֮Ϊһһ硣ҩʦ˵ţ̨̤ס
ǻ࿴˿Ҳһ̤ȥ
ɯڵλ̨̤׵ʱǰľȫˡ
嫵ǿ֮У޾ĹâŶʱһӰ֪ʲôطӰϣ˹ȥδ
סˣͷϳһϸܵĺ
ӰûбֳʲôȴǸ޾ѹ
ýţѧԺԺ̤ɽĵһʯףͻᱻ뵽硣ǵ˵ţŰɯ΢˵֮ǿգΪصѧԺһĵطʥأ׷ڣܵõҪģڴļ롣
ȻֻǼ򵥵ؼ仰ǰɯܸоǵš
ҲˣʱԱߣոǸŮӵǼ֮ɫ


1517 𾪵ǣģ
ɯع
ˣѧԺԺɯ˵ͷ
ѧԺԺ̫ˣҿǿһһɱĴڡŮѧԺ̫ˣһҪΪѧԺѧ
ȥɡɯԺ̨׳ڴһ̨׳ֵѧԺԺĄֻ̊́ʲô
еˣʵѾ̤˵ڶ̨ס
ͬڵһ̨ףڶ̨׳ֳľȻĻ棬еһ̤ȥ̲סС
̨ףȻܻƺǵڶ̨ĺ

ھʮŸ̨磬ȴֳ޾Ľ޾Ľ塣
̨ڽ磬гʮ˵ӰŴѩжܣҶ³ǡ
ȫǽڽʦȫһˡ
ȥǵٶҲԽԽ졣
ڣ˰ɽ
ʱԱ߾ȻһЩ
쿴ѧԺʦڽѧһ̲ס㿴ϵģǵΣ⵶ͨһûС
ˡͬĵõһЩ׮һЩʮĹҲ͸ˡǿЩѧԺѧмΪﵽվȴһ׮
ʱ򣬲ֹ˶̲סͣ˽Ų
ιõ׮ôôôһ̲סȻܴݵ˹ȥץһѽѧõս͵ؾǿȥ
飡
ֻ׮Ϊ룬¶Ժɫ
һΪжءﻹ˵⣬ЩƵĿ˿ڽѧʦʦǸѩ
ãͷǣҲǷ׷׸ߺüһء
һ¡ѩľ׮İҪ뿪ȴǺסľ׮ǲɼԿڶʯľһԭŽϵߴ߶ԭĻȫ⣬վΪ͸˵ˡ
ʲô˼λŻЩҲЩĿŸѩ
ҵĽѧȫĵǲ׼ʹԭġѩ˵һ˶ŵĴ𰸣ںĻҩʦѾ¶һЦݣЩŲΪţô䵽˰ɡ
ôܣʹԭ˭ʵôӲľ׮Ѿ̲סȵ
ô㿴ˡѩ˵ţսһӣֻս֮ƺڲϵһȻսӴľ׮ʵľ׮һ׾ʱľ׮ͱһӲĸ˼顣ͷβκ˶ûڸѩϼ⵽ʹԭ
һͨһһӳƿֲ
⡭̫˼ˡ̲סʧ
ֲ̫ˣļо仰˵˵Ǽﵽ۷֮󣬾ܴǷ򣬶ոλʦƿľ׮ʵǴĳڤڤ֮еķ򡣡ɯϸŸѩ鶼Ǳˣһܿµʦ
ԣסʹԭѩ˸ոǸƿľ׮š
ԾԡλҲˣսǿ˹ȥս䵽ľ׮棬һɾ޴飬սҲַ˳ȥ
ҪԵôѩ˿İţӭĿ⣬ô˶Ƿ׷׵ͷȫǲġ
λҲǼβͻع̨ףһ
٣
ʱһֻϰһѧԺѧȻľ׮
ΪȻֻ񾳡
ǣٴܵ˳صĴ
ѧԺѧʦôĿ۽ˡɯţ¶˾ģҪΪѧԺѧܸʲôĴۡ

һ·ߵɽ
֮пյģûˣҲΪѧԺд˵ĵط
ҩʦʱ򿪿ڵʱҲˣڴ֮Ϣһ糿ĻҴȥվҲѧԺǽһβιѧԺĻᣬѧԺ棬治߶ʱ򶼸ҡ
⻰ǶǼޱȡ
һ·ϣͶѧԺΪĹۣ֪ϾܽѧԺܲ
ҪһҹС
ҩʦˣصѧԺڴ֮Ϣİǣ˿ȴǾþòƽ
ûȥϢǶ̸Լš
ѧԺÿֲֻкô
̫ˣ˶Ϊ澺õѡ񡣿֮ҷִˣȫˣѧԺõģõѡ񡣡
ˣ֪ѧԺն٣ֻ֮һڰѡһǧİپʮţ֮УζǱȽϿǰģûѧԺ
磬أи̲סʵ
Ļһе㿴ѧԺڲŷѧԺı紫̵ĸӿ¡ȻˣҾΪѵļѧԺ˵ţһӸ߰
ڰѡϣһپʮţ˵⾳ĴڣѧԺĻ϶ѶȲ󡣡е⻰ޱȵ⡣

µһ죬ܿ쵽ˡ
һҹǾڽĵš
˶ڰɡҩʦڶĶôǽѧԺʱһһţƾ˿ѧԺ
˵ţҩʦͿʼ˷
ƬȻģʱЧֻĸСʱĸСʱ֮ʹʱ˻ᱻǿ
ÿ쵽˿Ƭ֮󣬻ҩʦ˵ͷϸ˵Գʱ֮ڹעԼʱƬܰ㴫ѧԺڵĴԪ硣ˣʼɡ
Ļ䣬һİʧɽ
ѧԺ
ٴγˣһͱǰĳסˡ
յС޴½أһĽ֮вһŵѧԺѧ
ҳϢƽ
ȻһӰ˰ǰ
ʦʲôţһĮȴ
ǵģԺķԸǲιһѧԺҩʦЦЦôûΣҼǵ׹ʦҪʲô߷˶ȥˡ
߷ҲҪ˵ţҵĿֻһǾɷ򣬵Ҵ֮ǹ߷򣬻ǳ򣬶ֻбɵˡ
ҩʦ⻰ˡ
ʵҲ࣬Ǹ𾪣ʲô߷ʲôǳʲôɷǿҪҪôﱤ
׹ţ˺Ȼһ£ȻǾˣһţ˵ѧԺԺץɽ񹬴ӹһλλ񣬶λλǽ׹šλ׹źͶѧԺΪѧԺʦ
׹ţλ񣿡ٵİŶ±ˣǸոʲôλ׹ڽ߷򣬶ƺÿ˶һ
鰡ɯͷһ̫ˣЩӵвླҲ͸ģѧԺЩȴҪڿΣ̫ˡһ˲䣬ÿ˶ȥڿʲôġ
ϧҩʦ϶ǹȥ
һ£ˡ˵ţ˳һڵİţһɿֲϢͷųƺҪһУǸоϢ˺ޣһĶ̲ס巢ǿ۹Ҳˡ
ȻϢ͵һʧˡ
ʦոλ̲ס˳ո̫ˡ
ѧԺѧֻﾳΪĽ۾ֶֻҩʦ˵š
⻰Ǹ̲סһ
ˣʽǽѧԺҩʦ˵ţǰǿһƬ½Լ½Χĸյ죬ʵѧԺСѧѧԺСѧΪ꼶ӦԪ浤Լ񾳽硣
ҩʦ˵ţǽСѧ
Ȼ½͸յĵһ˳ввΪɡɺ꼶Ӧǵķ쾳վ⾳ĿǰĻǳΪѧԺѧҲҪӳвʼġ
˵ţҩʦ˳вĽѧ¥ңȻȴһյ졣
ѧǽĵطҩʦ򵥵˵ţÿ춼ѧд裬ѧԺȽҪĵطȻСѧвǴѧҲĵطãһҪʼģվѧԺѧǿԿ
յϣսܿ쿪ʼˡ
վѧһʹ÷ɽһʹսܿսѷᡣ
һȺǿ˵սҲ¶𾪵ɫ
˵ʵǿǲμӰѡʮа˾Ŷܻǰһɯ˵š
ڣ˵սˡ
λ÷ɽѧʤΪ֣˲˵Ԥϡ
šʱһĮֻһյϣһӿ˹˵ҪѾȺʱˡ
һȺ˶ס


1518 𾪵ǣ壩
ɾʱӵĻ˵꣬˼
͵Ⱥʱˡ
ΪѧԺѧûμӰ˵ѡǾʮֵĿϧ
ٺ٣ϧʲôڲҲԺͰǽôĺڴ
һһ𣬾Ȼ½ʮӰ
ЩӰȫѧԺвѧϲμӰѡҪ
ڸʲôֱǺ֡ҩʦ˿̼װŭȴ֪ͰźõģҪЩһ
ҪսνİšΪ׵˵ţһɾ䵽һսƽ̨ϡ
սս˸źȵĲɽ֮ϣҲ
ιѧԺģսģһڵʵԺҩʦЩ޺޵Ȼת԰֣ߣЩѧ
᣿
ɯҧţȭͷգ˼ҶսˣҪᣬҪǴȥԺʲô档
ǲˡ֪˭˵һΧǴ˴Ц
ˣˣЩſʵһĺܣǵӺСƺʧǾͱ۸˼ˣ˼ҲҪģұܱ˺ɣ˵ǲǣ
ǣǣǣ˸͵
˭ûеѪԣ˿̲סˡ
˭ұˣͬǿ֮ӱǿġҪô˭˭ӡһŵӣˢһ¾ͷ˶սƽ̨̼ɣվŽΪ5678ָ̡
ɣɵúãЩѧԺѧһѵ֪ǰŲǴġ
ߣЩѧԺѧ̫ˡ
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ʱѧԺ֮зɳһźɫȭ׵ӣ㣬ѧԺв꼶ѧɾżΪ
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ϵ츳ҩʦѾˣΪϵڶ˼츳ѧ
ǵġǵ˵ͷȥƵʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ϵ츳ѧˣҩʦ̲ס֪ӵ츳ˣֻҪ΢Ŭһ㣬ѡĻԺʥɾɲ⣬һõʦ̵ɶȫ⣬ѧԺֻ㣬Ժ󱣵׶ҪǴ޽ɾ硣
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㣬˰ɯ˶ҪСȴǵ˵ţѻҩʦһһӷϵ츳ѧҪҪôǿƺҩЩ⣬òƷ⣬Ʒ²С
ðɣ֪ˡҩʦЩεʣһǸɯա
ɯôǺȤŮˡ뵽ʲô֪ܲҪȫūԺĻ˵ѧԺһλΰҡ
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˽ʵʵײһ飬ֻоҪ˺ˢһ¾ǵ˳ȥһѪ˳
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ᣬڷ쾳֮389ŷ쾳Ž׵ΪսһӮֱӵˣȺ֮ǿģ˾Ϊġ
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ˡ
ţԼϵѪ֪ոһǳԴ԰Դ
ɱ֮ǰѾһˡ
ãĵǺܲģúŬҿ㡣˵ţССװһơ
ȭͷһоܵ˾޴Ĵ
ȷΪһףڵΪɱ˲֪ٵվˣԷȴֵĻᶼûУˡ
ǰţ˿̶ǵȻ޴ˡ
ѧԺж֪˭˵һ䣬ǶǷ׷׵ĵ˵ͷͬСֹжֱǾ綾
ˣ쾳һλվһλ⾳ٱһλˡҩʦ𣬡ǻҪιѧԺûôʱһıԡ
⾳⻰˶ǲԾĿ˿
˵ֻһλȻҪǿĳսȻǿ

Ųᶼôɴ࣬ʵһԸ⣬ǸѼϼܣǲսСҲмƽϣʱսȻЩգӮˣΪѧԺѧʮþȵˣֵһƴġ
ɡʱһ𣬳սľȻһֻɾһ׵ѧԺѧѧս˲䣬˶סˡ
ɾһ׶ս൱ɾŽ۷Ŀⲻô


1519 𾪵ǣ
ѧԺѧĪǷˣ
ʵô󣬿Ӯˡ
ôоһѧԺˮ
һȺţɯɻҲ˼ţѵѧԺˮӮһ֡
ԾģɯǱߵѧԺѧȥ뿴ʲôӦ
Ǳ߷һĻȴĿɿڴ
ֻһѧԺѧȻ𾪣ȫͬǵ𾪣һֶԿͬ顣
ǲٹ֮ôȻˡ
һȻһɾ֮У˭Ķ֡
̬ѧԺû˸
ǰ˵֮ǰмвһ꼶ѧһ£Ŷˡ

Щɯɫ䡣
ѵٹ֮ʲôţԾһ󾳽ս
ǲ̫˼ˣû˵ôˡ
һȺİţ˿̻Ϊкá
ѧԺв꼶ѧٹָ̡֮ٹ֮˵ţվ̨ϣϴЦݣǸʾһ£ҵĹֶЩ⣬и׼
ʲô⣬ɡЦԸһ൱⾳һ׵ѧԺѧȻЩ죬Ϊʵ̫治֪Լôܻ䣬ô䣬һԣӮˡ
ٹ֮˵ͷ¶һ˿޵ķ̡
Ǳߵİɯ˿̲סˣĵؿһѧԺѧߣʵͬѧٹ֮ô
⻰ѧһ£Ҳǰ֮һɣҸ㣬ѧԺвôѧѡ˭ֶҪѡٹ֮Ȼ˵սôһв꼶ѧܻ˭ҵţưˮƽ˵Ѿﵽ˸в꼶󷨰Ҫˮ׼Ѿֲ󣬶Ǹʱ䣬ܲóļ󡣡
ļ󣿡ɯסǵһ˵
Ȼ֮ҲѧʣǲûγɹģѧԺѾһƵѧơ󷨴ʦֻһսǧһ֧սӺɨȫ塣λѧԺѧ˵ţϻЩĽ֮ɫ˵ٹֲ֮óѾΧɱɾǿߣҲ˵Ļߡļ󣬸ѾܶԸﾳߡΪʲôѧԺѧⷴӦˣٹ֮Ъˡ
󷨾ȻôҪÿ˶󷨡ɯɫ΢䣬뵽˸ࡣ
ÿ˶󷨡㵱СѧѧأͻˡҲҪ츳ģһ˿Ŷѡٹ֮ȷʵ츳ԺΪѧԺʷһˣԺпܳɾ֮ġѧĵҪôףҲѧϰˡ
Ŷˡɯ˵ͷѧԺԽԽ𾪡
ԭѧԺȻô󷨣˵ѧԺˮƽҲܸѧԺɵɽֻ
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ٹ֮ʱһ˵ľٶóһѹӣȻȻ
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㡭üͷɫѿޱʲôһʵڹŪ飬ʲôɡ
ǻȻˡ
ӹȥٹ֮ӵĹӣȴǳһϸܵĺ
ʲôѵսһֵ㲻״ˣϰ
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ˣٲ֣ҾҪΪЦˡţˢһ£̤أһȭٹ֮˹ȥʲôƣھԵʵǰá
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ʲôɵˣ⣬ٳٹ֮ȥǱҪһȭеٹֻ֮ǳźһʧˡ
Ȼ߶ʶѰٹ֮ȴȫʧȥٹ֮ټ
˿̵ٹ֮Ѿ֮⣬Цŵλǣλʦѧǣ´ɳþ
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˵֮۳һӣŶȾô̹Ȼȥһ˽սӡ
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ڸʲôǸٹ֮ǧ׵ĵطôͿء
ǰֻҪһУӮˡ
ǿѾ֮Уȫ֪ôȥղǸѧȴΪɯô˵أ󷨾һԹһѿ棬Ȼʵ⻹ҪԹǧ򱶡
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ҵ˽⣬һַһԼ󷨣һ۾Ϳ󷨵Ĺ죬ڲƽ󷨡ڶ־˰æԿ˵ȻܡһʵάҲҪģֻҪϵ󷨵ûά֣Լˡ
һֺ͵ڶֶܣǿֻеַˡɯ룬ҪҪһ¿һ£Ϊʵǲҹάһɱһ뷨Ҳһš
ûõģ󷨵˲ˣֱſܴЧٹ֮ţʱΪ󷨲ı󷨣ôֻȰľѧ˵ţʵʤѷ֣û˼һսһϲȭȭġ
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ͽˣðɡ
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ٹ֮оһΣչɫ䣬ˢһ˺ǧףָһٴ󷨡
ĹǹˣȭһѪۣޱȵķŭ

ٹ֮תɳþ֮С
ʼԲ󷨣ͬʱ󷨽ŸĶֻǳþ󷨣Ȼ䡣
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ݣɳ㸲һסҪɳ

󾪣ųܡ
ʱΧʼһĻɳˣЩɳɶУɱ
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ס֣
ҩʦʱ򿴲ȥˣȥҪѿ
һֳֻſץȥȻӲİѿ֮ץ˳ʱĿͷɢóһսҵĿţﻹںšǷһ
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߰ɣι۸вҩʦ̾һѿӸˡ
ţһ·˸вڵĵط
ڵĿҲ˹˿ܸо˭ڿЦһ
вſڣ߸ͯһþ޴ĹԾ֡
ôﻹСǲǸвѧɣ̲ס߸Сѧѵʲôš
ǸвʦҩʦȴǺص˵ǣɱ񡣡
⻰һǶǴһ


1520 𾪵ǣߣ
߸Сɱǻҩʦ׿˵ǶһЦ
ʱϵ߸С֮һҲǴ޿ڵаôʲô
а
֣һȺŶһ
һ·ϿɶҺҩʦΪʦаǵһôƺ
ôƺģ붼֪򵥡
֣ÿһǴ۾磬Ϊֵܣܷӳླһ۷ʵǵʵǰġǱ˵ƺһʦǳƺһưƤҲӦšҩʦȻЦʦôϣѧԺ
ҽʱͷҡ˹һԺһ϶ŮħͷǣŮħͷʵ߾⼸춼ˣƨɻء
϶𣿡ҩʦ֣Ҳ̲סһڼƻϷﰡٸԼϷ
ʦ϶ôɯ̲סʵ
Ϊ൱˵Ĳ飬˵ҩʦǸвʦҪвıҵ࣬һι۸в˵ܿ
ʱһ߳
߸Сһдҵˡ֪ʲôط˶Ǹоһ䣬Ŷ
ˡҩʦЦãʱֻһӷɹӣȴʧˡ
ླ鰡
ǾȻô׾ͼһ
Ůħͷˣ

ﺰţȾܣӰһ붼˿ռ֮УֵҲǲضá
ʱ϶ִʮɫ˿̽ռ֮һץͰѺ«Ǹסˡ
ſң֣
ǲҪдҵҲҪдҵˡ
ѧⱲӶǲѧģҪɡ
ƾ«ô˵϶ȫᣬֱӰﵽһ顣
Ƥ϶˵ţÿ«޵ƨɴһ£Ȼ˻ҩʦԺѧʮˣֶϲȫ˼ѧУʦ˵ʵǽ̲ˣǸͻˣھͽҵСô˵ôҲҪȫɡ
ԣԣֺҪҩʦŲĵͷ϶ѹܴ󣬲ֹΪ϶ΪҲΪ϶̫ˡ
аҼסˡʱ
סҲûãͲǳˡ϶˵ţֿ˿ȺţѧԺ˵İôкʵģԽһңһѧһ£ܼ̳ܲҵ̫򡣡
⻰ǶǼޱȡ
һΪѧרְ˵ȥ˭ţǲܵ顣
ڣͰǰǺ޲þͶ϶˵ѡңѡˡ
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š϶˵ͷȴһ۰ɯ
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ʦԺģҪԺ޼ɿҩʦޱȵ˵
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ⰵҪٵҳǸλ棬ԭĻҪأҪԺİ޼ʦôôϵֻҪԸְһΣǸλһܱ

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ˣѧԺ֮һЩѧĨĻǵˣӰⲿѧǽʱѾǩ˱Э飬ǰѧԺй¶ȥԺһʱ֪ҩʦ˵š
Э飿һȺסɶʱǩˡ
ǽѧԺʱ֤ͨʵһݱܵԼȻǶ벻Ԫҩʦ²˳٣ȰߣȻȥԺ
á޼ɵͷ
һȺţ˿̻оһѧԺ̫ţˣţƴˡ


1521 ¼ȡɷ¼ȡ֪ͨ
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һһҪΪѧԺѧһӽҧݣѾʶѧԺ棬˿ȻǷǳѧԺ
ǰģû벻ѧԺţԼЩŵġ
Щǰһٵţû뵽ǾȻһôǿɯ̲סи̾ȻҲѧԺģ⾳֮Уǧ֮ʵûжٵġ
Ǿ뿪ˣһҷɴǻصǡ
ڵϣ˼Ҫϵʱ䡣

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ԺѾˣҸұ֤ÿһ˶ѧԺʥأԴΪѧԺѧҩʦޱȵ˵
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ˣáǵ˵ͷǵ칫

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ǵġ޼ЩڴĿǡ
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ǣԺҩʦ˳̧ͷһǰɯں滹ǴһţдҡԷ񣨻Ԫ޽ɣʦڶѧֽףдǣȭҡ޸սҡϵ񣨻Ԫ޽ɣ»һЩдȴҲֻռһ롣
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ǲ˵ֻз쾳Ϊĸףȷʵ˵μӰѡ򶼸ҵˡЦǣһһ⣬ƺҲûбֳʲô츳ǧ֮һֱûκԸȻĻȵѧԺѡһˡ
ɷ¼ȡ֪ͨ񽻸һá
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𰡡ǸҪ׶Ƶȴס˸ףҪˣʮҾʮңھתˡ
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ʮҾѧԺѧĶƣҳһ档
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׿ҵľ棬춼ûзӦǰѶʮߣ߸˵Ĳ񻰣ԼǼ˱ʵҲȷʵˣһ쳹ǺӵʱĶҲۡ
ԶϵѾϵĵطɯǺܺá
밢ɯһģһŮӡ
ѧԺ֮УڰɯǸ쾳İţǽ
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Ͷɯҧ֪ܲʵǰһūڵʱ򿴵Ǹ԰ɣÿһūǱĶЩūѡʵūЩﻹҪЩﻹܳԵúúȵĺãûʲôϵвūһ˵ͻᱻһūɱ֪ΪūĺҰū֮ҾͷҲᵱū
˵ţɯԼ죬һȦغӡ͸˵ĹͷûУūµĺۼ


1522 ¼ɯ
ӡǣɫ԰
δ֪ΪūĿ¡
ܣ롣ЦڵʱͿɯ˳ˣص֮취Ѱɯƭ˳ȥȻͶ԰ɯ׷ɱĻվİš
ҹǵķɴѾŲסˡվ촽ڰɯҲܾãҪ˵ʱ˵ģ¹ŮŮǼƷ׽סɯѾӦúһ
ˣͲһˡһվӸŵ
ʱֻɯķɴһ̡
ʱ¶Цݣջʱˡ
ɯ㡭ɴյˣɴٶڼ½ǹˣԽԽʮ֮׷ǡޱȣ֪ԼҪˡ
׼ӭսɯҲ֪ûа취ˣʵȥһ򣬵ʱδûа취ѵھһľ룬ǳ޷ˣʱֻܹעһһˡ
ڰѡ299ǡĶֵġͨ죬Ƿ쾳ڿﶼ߲һС
֪ζ־ܡɯһ䵶ɱǸĥūɡ
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¹ŮŮˣǼƷ
ΪūҲҪֵҡ

⻰ɯ䵶յýġ
һɱġɯ޺޵˵һĺ͸˿һһţҲһʲôˣһū̬ȣȫԺū·ϣĶ
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һңң299֮츳õġȭͷһС¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ԵЩС
϶ǿˣԺչˡһվάҲȻȻΪǿϾ츳õģ֮ѧԱʱ츳ҲҪѡ׼
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ϲ㣬㱻ѧԺ¼ȡˣ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ֻǩ֣¼ȡͻЧҲʽΪѧԺѧСȿ˿ɯʵ治ʶɯֻǸݶλȷɯ
ҡɯţǲţΪ棬ġ
ΪʲôΪʲôҵ299˲ʡ
СЦˣǸζѧԺʲô壬Уȥú˽һѧԺ׼ľһѧԺ¼ˣڰɯѾѧԺѧˣովȻɱѧԺѧӦô㣿
㣬ŻˣĳźȥСϵĻ棬оļ¡
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Сȳƺ˼
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߰ɡСƺˣųԼķɴȥɣСѾͷͬɡ
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Сȴ¶˶ħЦݣѧãҸϵĵһÿΣѵġһÿεݽԸ˾ҪϾɱǧһ˿ᡣҲ룬ȥɱ˭֪м᲻ʲô󷴶ɱˡ˵ļһһ죬˵ͻи˱衣
ɯסȫԶԡ
ʱ׹Ŵǳˡ
ҵǣһ仰ǣԺɺȥһǳ硣


1523 һٺ
⻰ЩȻ˵˭
ʲôʲô뵽ɺɾͷۣ˵Ϊʵ̫ǿˣȫмܲס
ɺɣླŽ׵񡣡׹˵ʱԼǳһ亹û뵽ȥһǳ⿪ǿʲôЦȻǴ֮ģҲ֪֮񣬿֪һ£ۼһ¡
֪ˡ˳˼֮УںɺɵҪǳˣȻǱҪλ̸̸
ǳ磿
϶ǲܵģΪʵǸϵش
˵ģ磬ʷķչ϶ҪΪƿߵģҲ磬ô죬Ҳ硣
ϵͳϴܴҴӺɺɵƤϢ뿪ڻôͨϵͳ̡
ԡϵͳش
Ǿͺáǵ˵ͷ˳ģȫˡ
ϵͳʾʵûдﵽԪ޽֮ǰòҪԼ߼Ԫ޼ϵǿǩԼǿߣһ̶϶ʼأпǿӵܡԼǩĶòҪС硣ϵͳ˵š
⻰Ҳǰͷ
ԼǻģҲһԼһ̫ͻһлꡣ
ǵȻϵͳΪ¶ϵͳĴڣһ޴ʧвϾ˭֪ûа취ɱȡϵͳġԺȫĻһһֱǩһʲôģͲҪˡ
Ҳһ飺ϵͳ˵˵ҲԼǩ˽ѧԺʦʵʵĲླ߽׵磬൱ڽ߼᲻Ѿܣ
ϵͳʱȴǵ˵ϵͳٻѧԺʦ￨ƹģƸٻģʵϵͳһǩԼϵͳԺֲ֮һЩϢǲв
ҲԣƸʦ
ϵͳƸʦϵͳ϶ϢıܹȻԼˡ
֪Щǳ׷ˡ
ǽǳˣΨһһƾء
ɺͺɵָƣ˶֪ȴ࣬ϢĲԵȣ˾һ̶Ͽռ˵ǣô˵ɺɶ֪˵Ǽ١뵽Ľµİ취һͺƣúɺ֪ǡ
Ժ̫ˣҪȥ׹ЩصԺɺɣоԼͺһϲ࣬ɱʵ̫ˡ
šǵ˵ͷνҲ˭ȻҪңȻҪȥȻҪΪѧԺǳʦѧԺʧְ
⻰׹һĸж
Ժľ򣬱ʦ߳һء
ȥˡ
˵ţȻȻĽ뵽ǳ硣
ͨһĳĿռһϤĵطǺɿռ䣬ϤʯʯλţϤˣǺɺɡ
ƺѾڵȴˣǹһ㶼֡
þòɺáһ£ȻֵʣµǸλϣò˵ǻܣһƿһ棬ȻԼȴȻ⡣ǲ˵ƶû֪һס
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֪֣ǵϴζ˵ôǿ԰һάȵǸάؿһУͨԼĹȥδǵ˵ţ֪˲ţʱһǳ䣬һ
ǣס֪ʲôӡ
ǿɣʵԽǵɻ󡣡˵ţݸˣÿһɿǱɻЩΪ⣬ԽȥԽ𾪣ΪľܶݻûжԱἰġ
ڣЩȻһС
ҲһȻûʲô飬ɵ鷢ĺ棬ǰ֮У棬Ϥ
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ôЦˣ˵⣬ǻһңŻŻǣɣ㿴Լ鱻дô꾡²¡
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ʲô˱ඩ飿ʱǣƺѰҵĳֶǾԴͷ
һĿӻǲʶǸ硣ʼԽӷĺģʽˣǸάȣǸԪ
ǸάȣٴʣǲǸߵȼĴԪڵ棬Ϊ硢ɽ硢磬һһģʵ֮ϣһߵάȣǴһҲܷȥ
˵̫ˡǶҪ̲סΪɵˣɶû뵽ôõĽͣû뵽ɸˣҪһ磬ܵڵ硣
ɺ⻰˶Щ
ʵ²ˣ֮⣬϶һƴ硣
ô˵ʵҲ٣ϵͳ磬ܳ磬ĿܽѧԺ쵽ıĿ
ϸ۲ˣǳƺΪԺԵǸѧԺӦþ㴴ġֻе棬ǲѧԺ˶ǵ棿ʱЩʵ
ǵģʵֹ棬ѧԺͨҲѧԺѧʦӰ⣬ҲЩʦñҲˣĽʦڵֵܣѾѧԺʦǵ˵š
ԭˣһѧԺ˵ţȻԵЩǡܲҲǸ翴һдǸһȻ趨ҵˣҺ֪ʲôĴڡ
ôеѰˡе˵ʲôҪҸ㣬ʵⱾܻҲÿˣҲһͨˣô
ǰԼ֮󣬷ֻЩţ齲ۼΪʵ
ѵУԵЩ
ҲǲУġ۾һӦˡȥⲻĺʱںɺɶȥǸ翴ᣬһЭ
ʲô˵ȴǺˡ
ܼ򵥣ѧԺѧʦǶø档ȻĻһ֮ȥѧԺ͡룬Щص˵
һꣿɺɶס
һꡣǿ϶ޱȵ˵ʵҲڸԼһʱ䣬һĲĵľһܹ֮ǩʵҲ˽߼ĻԪ޼Ϊʱ򣬾ƸɺΪѧԺʦκε⡣
˻ԥǼʵһҲգգ۵飬αؼһʱأ
ɺɵ˵ͷ
ãһ֮ȥ˵ĸߵάȣǵ硣
һܼ֮ǸôҵҪ趨˵˳ʲôӡ
˵ţӦǵ
ʱֿ˻һͺƣǸ㶨ˡ
ǽѧԺ֪ȫǺ˵˵ϣʱҪƴС
ȻˣҾ͸ˡЦЦЩԹĿźɣϴιɻ׼ƣǴοǳκӶû׼Թʮ㣬ֻ˼ں֮Ҳǲˡ
뿪֮
ɺɻ࿴˿ȴǶԵΪء
˵Ǽ٣룬ʵ
ٰɣǸǸоĸƴ磬϶ʵڵġ룬һ֮ȥǸ翴ʱһоˡ
ĿǰҲֻˡɵͷ

صѧԺǣʱ˷ܵغС
һ绢պסλƿߣˬĲҪҪġ
ʱȥǰ£ѧԺ˴ε¼ȡ֪ͨȫ˳ȥһѾѧԺ
ɯٴиǾη


1524 һȺѧ
ѧԺ֮УɯԵЩ
ǿѧĵһ죬һµĿʼ
˵ЩӰ֮ѡγʮѧ˴һѧĻдѧ֮¼ʮѧ⻹ѧԺӵеѧǰʮһѧԺһ棬ģһΡ
ʮһô̫ˡ֪֮еЩñȾ澺֣ÿһģĴβǳǧˡѧԺһֻ¼˲һˣǰģһΣɼѧԺҪжߡ
ǰܳΪѧԺѧޱ˵ġ
˵ŵʱǱ˹
һʮˣǴѡγΪҲﵽ⾳
λͬѧҺðһӳŰɯкӪģμѧԺ˽ѧԺҽҫģʮ꣬쾳Ϊμӹζս
һͨ˶ĺܡ
һĻǶ࣬ôоһƵġ
ϲľǿսˣѾõ򼶷ɴļʻ֤ʸΪһ򼶷ɴġ涨мʻ֤У뿪򼶷ɴҪл羳ΪУҽĿꡭˣҳ⣬ϲŮˡ˵ѧԺ֮һŮˣȫŮһҪһŮŮѣҵĵڶĿˡ
ҫĻੲݣ˶Ǻ޲ðһ߷ɳȥ
ŮˡŮѣʱȴһ˳䲻վ˳ȻǸףҫĵ仰Ȥ
ֵܣҲҪѧԺŮôҫļ
Ůŵ˼ɣ
ǵġ
ҲҪһ׺ЦЦȫ˿Լĵ뷨
ãʱҴڸҵؼ֤
ؼ⻹Ҫؼ
Ҹ㽲һżһźܸļżûؼôС
ðɣһੲݣڱˡ
˻ڵŵʱм˹ˡ
⼸˿ɶѧԺӵеѧˣ⼸ѧʱ˶ס
Ϊ⼸ѧ棬ȻһС򣬿Ҳҡ
ҲܱѧԺգҫıͻ̲࣬סСѾͷô
˵˭أСѾͷˣһ˫۾Ȼ˸ɫĹâֳĻ棬ҫģӣʱ򴲣ʱСѧһ꼶ڸʮʱ򣬱һ˦ˣʱ޵ϡﻩġ
̣ס졣ҫһæסСͣͷǴ󺹡
㱻˦׺Ŀųҫģ˵˵ؼô
ûУûе顣ҫļæǿӣģðɣҳϻôǶôʲô˭ûഺ
СѾͷô֪Щɯʱ˹СǰЩʵ
ҲΪʲôôһܱнѧԺ츳ġ˫۾Կȥ飬УǼûκεܡǽӴһ˲䣬ܶȡǵϢʱһһ꣬˵š
⡭ôɯŵĿС
ǵŶλ㡣Ц۾ٴηֻɫĹâȻȴǴſǻ㣬Ĺȥÿࡣ
֪ѾȥˡɯЦЦ
ʱûע⵽һӲ֪ɶʱ뵽ǵĶ飬ǡ
ѧԺһѧôѧ˵һ츳СŮ⵱Ȥ
ȥۣ֮ţոȻҲ˳ʩչôģʹʱһ档
ž뿪ǺȻһ˽ȻǳԲԲ
ѧԺʦ·ѧǲ˵ˡ
ѧĲǣӭѧԺͶԲԲ˵ţ˾Ȼģȵȣλͬѧʲô͵͵ô
⻰˳ź濴ȥԾľͿһֻѾȥǡ
Ǳ͵͵뿪˿ޱȡ
ҿ϶ԲԲǹġ
ѧӿΣɲŶԲԲ˵ţʹһɫж⡣
ûôӿΣֻǸոȽе㲻ʹһĺ˵˵ԹңţĴ
⻰˶±ƣͣʦô
ŶֲˣȷʵĴʱ䣬ҸʦǲȸˡԲԲ䲻˵ţһȺ˶һ˼Һݰ
ˣˣԼһͺˣëˡҲǴ󺹣ԲԲĺȥˡ
ˣݡʽѧһ㶼ҸǽѧԺĸſҲǵĵһÿΡԲԲʼ˵ϸĽѧԺĸֹƶȡƶȡƶȣһѡ
ʱ򣬸׺ͳҫȴ͵͵صߡ
λͬѧ̫ˣսѧԺ͸ӿΡ
ǰֱż񡣡
Ǿ䣬ҵĴţΪ㡣
ǵģǵģ
׺ͳҫĶǾĿǣѧʵҲࡣϾǸսѧԺ˭ǶѧԺʦһĳηƫƫһˡ
Ҫ磬ֻһ˵ЦЦͦ˼ġ
Һǽͷˡҫǵ˸ޣĿ϶˾ˣǲѧԺˣ
㶼ˣװɵ
û˸ʦ˵ҫһҶ˼磬ҴˣԺ̵顣
ҲǡʱҲǸŵ
С˼С˼ЦЦȻǰҵѧҾһµѧʲôо
һ£ǾҪѡˣ޿ξˣѡ޿ЩʦĿκͨЩʦĿӿΣҫȻǹؼΪԲԲҪǵĿγ̰ţ֮⣬ǻҪѡѡ޿ΣھҪѡ
ףˡ˵ţ¶һЦݣţʦҽѧΣرͨҺţʦĦǵľĿγ̣ܼ򵥣ô𾭣΢һ¾ͨˡˣһѩŮʦ赸ΣֱӵһҪѧôƼʷٷʦĳտΣ׻˵ץסһŮӵľҪץסθǲǶŮ˵ѧŮѣǿϲպõˡ
ôһҪѡ赸κͳտΡ׵һ˵Щ˷ܵ
ôҫȴЩɻҲţʦô˵أʱ򻹾ץѧΡ
;˵ѣûе飬ѧԺˣ֪ظ֤
Ҳԡҫĵ˵ͷѡ˵˾
ѡôԲԲʱռѡ޵Ŀγ̣Ҫݴſˣҫĺ͸ѡ޵Ŀγʱ򣬲¶һͬųҫĺ͸׵ļ򻺻ҽӴôѧÿѧѡ޵Ŀγ̣ҶţƵġ
һ㣬һѡҫĻΪԼѡȷʵǱȽ׻֣ԵЩޱȡ
λָĺáָָǡ
ԲԲʱﲻףԺҲǳ׷ˣۿѧŵڶû˸Ҿӵһ
һԼѡ޵ĿγжӵʱϣҪ޳
ҪӦþֻЩˣѧԺԺҽ䣬˵ʵػкܶûмԺԲԲʱǻ˵ʵҲȷʵˣѧԺٵѧûмǣͺڵĴѧһʱѧѧҵУ˭ʲôӶ֪
ҲһĲʱһչػһ뿪ʮģЩʶ֡
Ҳ˾ܣʱ鶼ò顣
Ժ⻰һȺס֮ǰɲ֪ڡҪ֪ǻûнѧԺ֮ǰв˶Ѿݡ
λ磬ոճԲԲʦıˣҲôѡΡ˴磬ѧԺôϤ֪ô׷Ů˵ѧûʲôɺ
磬ҪǼһŵĻɶƼġˣĸŵŮѧ࣬þŮѧš
˻λ˾ҲԽԽ룬඼ǹӵġ
ʱɿһٸ˵Ҫȥˡ

ҫĺ͸׶סʲôѵԡ
ٴԺ̨ԲԲ˵һ飬ȻĿⶢǣֱĿ˹ȥ
أû£С棬Ӧҽ껰ٸǽѧԺһЩţ֤û˵ţʼ磬ƺЩεӡ
ʱ򣬲˵ĿⶼųԲԲľٶĿۼϡ
ҫĺ͸ҲڷӦ˹ֻоǰһڣ˶ǲҪιȥ
ֻ֮ҫò˵磬ǣ˵Ժ


1525 
΢΢һЦѧԺûеڶԺĻԺӦþָˡ
ԺԺ
һƨ˵ϣŵˡ
ģոʲôȻںԺֵܣԺôӿΣôӡ
ֱţƴˣһĺڣ᲻ᱻ
ѧҲǾޱȵĿǣԺôȻһֱм䡣ϸһͻֶᷢһˡȫˣΪû뵽˻
СŮ뿴ʲô
δ߶ԼĹȥۣ֮Ҳʲô
ȿȣҲúΰߵ˳ԲԲߣԳԲԲʹһɫ˼ɵĺ£ͬѧǺãûаŵɡҾѧԺԺҪһ£治ʲô׺үүҲʲô˿Ҿңһ̻𡣡
һȺѧ⻰̲סҪЦ
Ժࡣ
Ǹ˵£ֻһЩߵģȴԲԲʦˣǿ˵Ҫʲô˵ʵѧԺ棬ЩʦǶ֪һˣѧԺᵽڿĶΡǻķʽڸǽҪģʵҲǶǵļҪȣһҪѧԺĴѧȥѧϿΣȻǾǰѧԺһˡôԺʲôҪġ󣬼סߵЩˣǶǵͬѧԺҲõѣϧǡ
䣬ҵ
ˣЩɡǵ˵ͷԲԲǻǽˡ
ǣԺԲԲӦ
óһͨʩʩȻ˳ȥ
ֻߵſڵʱ򣬿ſĸ׺ͳҫģȴ΢΢һЦոЩԺˣԺ칫ʱӭǡ
⻰˲ɫ԰ס
Ժ칫ң˭֪Ǻýóһ㱻ȥ׼û¡
뿪֮ԲԲ̲סЦϣﲻҪӰźá

֮
ڷ޼ɼ˽ĵȴ֮УѧԺ
ʲôʦˡ޼˹ȥԵѧԺſӭӽڽֵһ˲䣬;ˡ
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תŷ£һһҲޱȵ汾Դ
ǿߣѾʼܡ
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޼Ҳ֪ЩֻҲֻһְѿռ䷨ǿߣַܰںȻ񾳽ǽĶ֡ߣڵʵҲֻѧԺ֮вŻʵѧԺֻǵۼֶѡ
Ұ칫˵ɡǵ
֮Ȼҳɡ
ǵİ칫ң˷ֱ֮󣬷޼ɾͰ˵˳
޼ʦҲͬǸȥǸ壬ȴôס˵ţʵһ磬ҾͳŽѧԺ磬ֹܲۡҵʵ̫ǿһ־ͻܵЩų֮ҲʱһеĻᵼ
ʲô޼ޱȡ
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һӣҪǳֵĻҲһӵʱ䡣ʱȴǸ˷޼һϣһӵĻҾͲұ֤ʲôһ֮ڣӦܰǸ񶼸ӡʣµĻֻܿԼˡ
ӡ񣿡޼ɴϲĵĲЩ֡
ǵģܷӡǶãҲֻܿ꣬ǧꡣ˼һ£Ψһܱ֤ˡ
á޼ҧҧֻǼǧʱ䣬Ҳ̫һڵ״ˡ
ǽҾͳ֡վ֪Ȳãҷ޼ɼȻǺż顣
ǸҲи󡣡ʱЩε˵ʦӡ֮ǻʱĻܴܲӷ֮ץһЩǿߵѧԺ˵ҿҪչغܳһʱ䣬ڼԽԽѧͻƵʥɾ磬ʱҪʦˡ
ؼһǣݷ֮ԺרƸʦǲҪԼġ
Ҳ˵ץ٣նٵʦ
ҾЩЦãԺԵڳûٰ
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ȻԤϵĲ࣬ų֮֮еĻҪǿҡţ֪˷ʱ䣬ǳˣʩչռ䷨򣬾ʹ汾Դжȡ˿ռ䷨ĿȨ
֮λĶˣľ
ʱһɿռ֮סÿһ֮ȣȫǸӡ
ȫ¶˻ֵ̿ɫǵһεĸоһɲ
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ֲֿ֮£ǸѲ
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һȺûи񣬴˿̿ʼԵò
ˡ˼ţ޼ɣѾȫӡ֮ȣӡʱ䲻ᳬʮꡣ
ʮ꣬㹻ˡ޼ɴϲʱԤҪöࡣ
ǾͺáصҪԺˣʱˣץǼɡ
˵ţ߶ռһִֻռץȥһܻڱչأֻڸʲôǿߣСһץ
ʱ䵽ˣ汾ԴҪƴˡ
˵ţҵ飬Ҳץס˼ˣ˳硣
ѧԺ֮С
ǿ˻ĽԼץĸˡ
˿̵ĸ˻ЩãûзӦʲô͸оʱձ仯Ǿ
ȿȣӭѧԺ
ǵĻû˵꣬һӺȻͳ˹

ֻһͰӸסˣǰţǲ
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һӿڵޱȡ
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һֻؾǧ䣿
ǿӣ͸ϵϢ˵һ֡
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˭ǧ
ѧԺԺѧԺĽʦǵǲǺܺΪʲôģʵܼ򵥣ǱץġѧԺȱʦĸʡ
ץǹʦǧüʵǺܶȴ뵽ʲôѯʵոգǲǸʲôһ˲䣬ҸоİͻȻǵһϡоķŭ֮
оĲղŽʦ֣ȡ汾ԴǸƿأѾǸȫӡ֮ȡоķŭ˻𣬲ǻþǽ͵˵Ķ棬ֱ׻һ㡣
ӡôܣ
޵еģôܷӡס񣿡һӿڣȻһʹǽ·
ɲ޵еģ֮ϵһʦһһЦⲻǣǸ̫Сˣûеǿߡ
һӿˣǷ棬²⣬֮⻹һ磬ġ
ȷʵġʱһ𣬾ȻǴǱߴģֻ޼ٴλˡ
һ޼ɾͳŽһ񣺡лʦ֣ҸոѾȷˣеѾȫӡʮˡʮ֮һӵжԿʵ
ǧ仹ʶ޼ɼ˵ģ𾪵Ĳ񻰡
㡭Ƿ޼ɣǧ˵ţڲţʵʲô磬ⲻܣ
񾳽ѡ޼ʱ򵭵Цǧ䣬ң㻹ΪʲôܷչôѸô


1526 
Աߵ˺ͳʱҲЦ
ѧԺҲΪԼȫˣǿĴˡ
ѧԺ֪֮滹񡣶ǵǸ磬ҲѧԺһܻģǱǲڵġ
ܸңﵽʲôطôʱȴ侲Ҫǽʵ𾪡
ѧԺһѧԺôѾѧԺʦҲһԺץҲҪƸΪѧԺʦ޼ɵ˵ţʶһ¸ߵȼ磬֪񶼲֪ô֮ôΪѧԺʦЩ⡣
Ը⡣ǧһڵȻ֪˵Ǽ٣̫ûлǸһУҶˡ
Ϊ塣޼ҲԵЩأҲ׷
ȻˣҲԸΪѧԺʦ˵ѡʵͬΪ塣
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ô֪ҴӦ·𾪲ѣ֪ôܣһ˲䣬ȴǵĻ
Ѫԥһ֮Ҳѡ˴Ӧ
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ʵ˵ؼڵʵ˭ؼңô

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𣬼֣ȵǸˣˡ
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ǸָΪһλ᳤ļһ磬ǸոշǱߴϢŮ᳤硭
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֪ˣֻΪ㲻ֵΪô࡭Ůӵŵˡ
Ҫ˵ˣΪЩɱҲֻһʵʩߡ᳤ܲ˵жɶ飬سǿԣչΪĵһȴǲԶءȻ᳤ѡǸȻл᳤ĵֻҪĸˡ
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һ·У֪˶Զ
ȻǱˣһͷ׻ӥˣɴץһֻɴһ·ӡ
һ䣬˾һŻ
磬İѯʵ䣬ǹƵģҺö෿ƺţѾûסˡ
塣һ߻ڵ
ģڣֵܶɵˣΪԭ֮Уڿ֮󣬱䵽ĴǷ塣һκðɣǶڿȴǻûж䡣
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⻰˹ȥȻ;ˣȻħĺѽ̾Զ
˿ˣ⡣
ԭ֮пҲڣôţԶϲһΪӣʯԶ˷ӣȢš
ѵҲǣ
뵽ЩɵʵԶ磬ȱ˵˵ǲϲһŮӣǶԷĸҪӣ𣿡
ԶסЩȵĿ𣺡ô֪ҲˣƷһģܿĸĸС˵ǰֵּʯĺڵűҲ𡣡
ЦãǾˡ
ʱһӴµ˹
ӣԶڵ˶ס
ԶȰ÷ܿҺ÷ֻܸҸӺ޺޵˵ڴɱԶĶˡ
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˭˵ԶˡʱȴǿˣȻ˹ٴԶһܸ֮ɿţһôԭ֮е͵ڵҲ͵


1527 
⻰˹Ϳ
ʵףԭ֮оԶУʷǾ˵ư
ʲôˣ׿ΪԶͷǷŭޱȣҲһɱ⡣
ôһ㲻ʶˡ𵭵˵ţ׶ʱˣⲻǷϻôҪʶ㣬ͲʲôˣԶҵֿѣһͶһ⣬ͷֺˡȻ࣬ξٳһС㹻ˡ
⻰״Ц֪ξٳʲôطô߲Ʒʲô⣬׬ôǮ
Ͳùˡߵʱ˹
ܿԶеһŮӺ
Զ硭ܿЩϲɫǹ˼ԼߵĸĸȴҲұֳʲô
ĸáʱҲڵҴӺ̶ʵү׵ġ
˵Զشڡ
ʵһԱȣһ߸˧ٶӸλԶǳͷβһ㡣
ףҼܿȥ̶ܿ࣬ǿɲСܿĸ˵
˵ǿҳأҶСܿҲ֪˵һСܿܿЩں̶Ҳ㰾ˡξٳǶҸոչһСԺСܿͳɡ
ܿĸ׶ʱ۾һܿҲ΢΢ͷ
ʱĿתܿ
Сܿȴæ˵
׸û˵ǿܿĸסȻܿĸüͷһ壬ѵСܿ״һ𳤴ѵôظ黹Զģ½ŸոշŬޣ̸˵Ժʲôɾͣ
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СܿҲһʱ䱻˻ƭոշƭСܿˣֳĹ̫ˣҲСܿһֿ˵
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ܿĸЩɣҲһ
ɶʱԶͶǮˣôƭ˵ġ
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һȺɢˣԶһߣɥֵܣİҺˣڳһСɲˣҷôö𣬶ոշȥŪôǮ
ôôɵ
ڳıҪΪ֣űһͨű۸Ҳڰʯϣֶļ۸ǧʯ֮ϡԶ˵š
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ȵȣһֱ˵ʲôƷϵĻ԰󷿶ˣеĶôôо˵򣿡һǷӦ˹Щʶ̫ˣԲԭ֮Ǹеģǵ˵Ŷԡ
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űһı۸͵Ķ࣬һͱһգһ治֪ġˣǱոճ跿ز޹˾¿һ̣ȻλòҲ滮űǿȥ¥С㵭
Ŷлͷֻʲô跿ز޹˾ôôϷء


1528 ٻ᳤
һм˽ֱ跿ز޹˾
ϾˣٶȲܿ켸˾͵ˡ
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ȫȴǵãÿ궼ҪϢôоǿĻ⵽һ죬ϢȱҪˡ
ʹˣȻҪϢǵΪ׬ȡʯҲҲһ֮ͻƣ׾ܰЩˡô˵أ൱ǰδǮ֧ڵ裬ǺһΪ
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Ǹ֪˵ʲôˡ
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ģԶ𡣡϶׳˱ԣۣһٰʮʯȥҲҵˣȫһҪˡ
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١ȺסûĪ˭


1529 Ƹ
١ȺʱĪڣ֡
Īڼޱȣ˭֪١Ⱥĸ߲㣬ȻҲֻλ˵ΪĪλûһҲаǧˡĪھţƣǺ١ȺȣǸ١ȺҪ֣ԽݵһΪ
١ܡ
Īִ֣Ѻã֪ġ
еĴкοʵķʽ
ʱֻ١ȺȴǴ˹ȥȫֱһȥ
Ī֣ڰУ춼ûзӦ
Ҫʲôʲô
ͷȥֻ١ȺѾߵߣһֲֻɷ˵ľץס֡
ͬ־ڵȵˡ
١Ⱥ˷ޱȵ˵ţ߲Ҳһһ˹ȥ
ͬ־Ҳеʡ
ʱûзӦЩ˺ʶһǿԼƺ֡
ô١Ⱥô֣ĪһЩʧȻЩֲ̿ݿ϶򵥣Ҹոջв군ˡ
ͬ־ĿǰĴ᳤ܲӵ᳤ָʾѾܾˡܲʱҲȺ˳
᳤
ܲ
᳤
еĪڣ˿ֻоԼǳˡ
᳤Ҫȵˣвġ
Ļ᳤뵽˺ܶ࣬ӦѧԺλʦ߾塣
᳤ֽǡܲԺڸ᳤˵ֵʱ򣬾ͻһСջ᳤˼֮󣬾ͻԶ᳤ְ񣬶ʮڻԱڵȴĵ
ԺЩʧ̲סһƺ
᳤ҪҪɵ飬׳ɹܲܲҲֻǻеĴǵ˼֪ϿҪ˴ܼҡ֪ж
֧ڶԸܼҵʱ򣬾Ͳôˡ
ķչǱ޴ǾӪúãԺһűܼҾǿߣδظҶܼԸˡ
Щ֮ҲȻˡ
ʱס֣ܲӦǾõˣԺһл᳤ĳΪһ֯Ϊıʵ˵Ĺͬԣ
ܲȻǻ᳤ѡĽӰˣ˹ȻǺһס
߲⻰ҲǷ׷ײĿ
һԵԶˣ˿̶±ˣɶ˼ôͳΪ»᳤
ȥתе찡
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ϷһҴ˿ҲһŷӦ
Զе밡תզͳ쵼ߣֻˡ
ԶŮĻ£񶼲°ԶѣǱ˽ȣԺ˵ģĻԱⱲ綼Ժˡ
ףֻؼҡ
оԼ·ˣݣҴţǹҵô
ոô£١Ⱥɫע⵽Īڵĳͻʱһˡ
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١ܣҴˣ治֪λСֵܡĪĵ
Сֵеô١ȺߵĻȻвٻ᳤ĵе󰡡ҪǶûе̬ЦˡǺɽĺˣϵܺôһϵʽġҸոѾ֪ͨϣܸһĽ
ܺڣĪŵһ
ΪܺǺ̶һλ񣬿˵Ǻ̶Ķ֣һ
ˣˡĪ˵ţȻ͸оԼ岻ܿƣһ壬еͬʱ˵һ仰
١ܣĪ๼ϣҪΪӰǺ̶ĹϵǳĿǺ̶ǺгġĪﴫһӵȻͿĪѪźֱֱĵȥһغˡ
˶ޱȣĪһλ˾ˡ
׿ŵˢһ¾ǹǰеˣҴˣһΰɡ
˵ţܿǰСܿһ𳤴ģԶ˵˵飬һ
ܿȻЩŭ׵ΪȷʵĿ
ԶεĿ𣺡ҪͷŹ
˵ͷ˿ףԺҪҼ㡣
̶λˣֻʣλ¥Աˡ١Ⱥֱһ仰ˣͬʱҲˣ˾ţ֮ȫˡ
١ȺֱӰⶰű͵ķʽ͸ԶԶΧ˶ΪԶˡ

פΪٻ᳤ʵϵĻ᳤
֪ԼһЩɼУȻİõʹԴ治˼
ڶɼҲѣһҵģʽҲġˣĻҪǰһЩĿѧ뵽磬ǳ糹ܻΪƼ磬ҲͨһЩƼƷ״ľ档
֮Լ˴󲿷ֵԱ
ʱҵ
һѧԺʦ׹ţһȴ϶
λʦôˣЩæӭڡ
ιҪǷԺǳһЩʦѧԺ׹ſڵƸЩʦԭ֮гֹģҲƸԺⶨһЩ򵥵Ŀһ£ҪƸ
á˵ͷһ󴮵֣ʮû⣬Щ󶼺йܺƸ
ǾͿ㿪ʼɣҲŻȥ϶ʱ򿪿ڵǳ绹Щųģǿ̫࣬ûаȫС
šͷ

ԶļҲǰǰһűڵء
Զܿܿĸڡ
𣡡ԶţһЩȣΪԴĻ᳤æĲɿһЩ²ף˿ȴǳЩܳ
˵ʱҲע⵽ѧԺ·׹ź϶λʦ
϶Ϊ֮һ
һ˶ڣǾˡ˵ͷܿɩӣм飬ϣܴӦ
ʲô飿ܰæģһӦϷ֪ݣ˵⻰Щϻ̳Ͽֵġ
ܿҲһǺ档
ģλʦһѧԺѧԺĻ᳤ʵҲǳѧԺѧԺԺˣҲѧԺһԱ浣ʦѧԺķչҪƸһЩʦǶƸҪ󡣡򵥵˵
ǣƸʦϷȻǲһˣѧԺҪѧĻҲЩ񰡣
ǰǵΪ̫ˣʲôĸ񡣡ܿҲǵ
ҪڵĲˡʱȴЦЦ˵ǻ᲻ţǳΪѧԺʦڵĶһЩͨˣһЩͨˡ
ôܣô㣿ԶҡͷǸճӤͨˡ
˭˵ѧԺˣЦ
磿ѵħ磬ѵǰħķԶʧģǾͱȽˡ
ǣǸ벻ѧԺģҿԿ϶ǩѧԺԼ飬ӦΪѧԺʦûκλ֤˵ǵһ֮һ
㡣Զ˵ͼıʲô
᳤һŵġϷЦЦԼ飬ȻȥʦģôҲенʰɣĹ˾Աɶнʵģ
нȻеģвٵĸͷ
ҲǩϷ
Ϊʲôֻݣܿʱ˲ԣǰĸ˰
˼ĸ޷ѧԺ¼ͱȽεҪɢ˼һҰ
Ϊʲôܿ⣬ԶҲǺĿ
ҪȥһļһΪʲôûĸ׵дһ˵ţһֵ飬ֲǩԼ飬ûֵľ޷ǩ˭˵ȥҪҾԭ߰ɣҲ޹
ܿĸɫܲãֱ˳ȥ
ǩԼ飬λʦȷˡ
Զܿ¼ˣѧԺҲ൱ͨĽɣϷмˣ൱ڽɶ̫ҽɡ
Ƹڼ


1530 ѧ̸
ξٳķء
Сӳޱȣ˭ʱǱܵġ
ðɣǻԼԼġ
Ϊˣܸоһͻᱻˡ
ӳٻ᳤Ӧû׷˼ͱԼŻԼˡ糿ڵ˵ŵݸ˻һƵʯƵһֶڱֽ洢һЩ£ÿĳԱÿңͻյһʯ
˹ʶ
ʯϢܶ࣬ϾˣֻǻʮӵʱϸϸĿһ顣
ãûᵽҡ
ظ˵ţԱߵ糶ˣôҪıֽᵽһԱǲ̫ˡ
ӳٻ᳤ĺȥҲ㡣糲òѵİǳأҲ˾棬֮Ѿԭ֮ơ
ǵǣǴ˹˵ĸ棬ķչ򣬴ƣ֮ԭǳ顣Դƶʱ򣬽ܹ˼䣬һϿɡ
ʱһ
ڣ
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̧ͷȥֻ֮в֪ʲôʱһҷɴڷɴĴͷվŵǸһˡ
ᡭ᳤
ڲˣˣ᳤ǲʯ֮еңҪҡ
ĬȻ
ӳϷ̫ˡ
糣
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ôң
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ǣǡӦȻУһԾǧףǺɵ˷ɴ
糣϶ʱ򻺻˵֣ˣҴѧԺʽƸΪѧԺʦ
˵ţ϶óԼ顣
ʲô˼סҲɵۣȫ
򵥵ĸǽһ¡׹ſһ£϶ôֱӵķʽе㷴Ӧ
׹ŰѧԺ˵һ飬ˡ
ȻǵģţǾͺãҾͷˡ
᳤ѧԺҪǩˣǳĵϵȴ뷨شĻ
˽ԥǩԼ顣
ܺãˡ׹˷ܵ˭ˣھĺĳԱ¼ûʲôѶȡ
Ѿ֪ͨھܲˣԼȥǩ֮ǰȥһ¿󳡣졢λۺʱﶼ⣬Ҫȥһ˷壬峤ڼҲ֮С׵Ⱥ̶һЩˣȻЩìܣʱͶȥˡ
ţҺ̶ֵģһֶ൱Բϲ൱ˣǱȥðաʱĻȰЩƸ˾С϶Ҳǵ
˵ţٴж
һȥѸ졢λۡʱκͷڼǩˡ
֮󣬰ھǩˡ
ˣǳƸʦѾʮһλ֮ࡣ
׹ź϶Ƹ֮󣬾ʹ뿪ǳ磬ʮһλʦҲǸۼ
ǶǱȽ˵ģȻΪôߣȴ֣гΪѧԺʦĻᡣܲܵһλʦҪѧԺı֡ȻѧԺûпʦǲѧԺῪʦ׹ŵȸʮһ˴һԤ룬ǲҪΪѧԺ´ˡ
ʮһ˵˵ͷڼѧԺڿΣǻЩŵġ
ڸǽѧԺ
׹˵ţһȺ˾뿪ǳ絽ѧԺ
ѧԺԺ칫ңǵһʱͲʮһ˵ĵʮһ֮ǿĶﵽ˽޽ɾ磬Ǻġ
Ժ׹ź϶ʮһҲ˹
ţɵĲѧԺһӶʮһλɾʦҲʵǵ˵ͷϸ˵һѧԺźסǾѧԺ֮
ǣԺӦҵ
ʮһ˻ã֮УѧԺԺû뵽ȴôᡣ
׹ź϶ʮһλʦȸǰסڸвĽᡣ
ⶰλʦסģ߹һʱϷȻͣҲǷ׷פȥǶоһɺǿϢη
Ƿ޼ʦס޼ʦͨʱ䡢ꡢɱ¾ͽ֮ѧԺ֮еľΪ񾳽磬൱Ǹϲ񡣲޼ʦǸ磬Ǻܺã縺δһʱѧԺչ׹˵ţѧԺЩʦ֮УȻܶʦ¼ȽϳʣĻǷ޼ɡ
׹ŵĻʮһ˶Ǻ𾪡
ʮһ˰֮ҲŪǸԴ
˿ǲΪʲô׹˵ǱȽˣԭѧԺƸʦֻƸԭ֮յҲʹЩƽƽһлΪѧԺʦ
Щĸлλߡ

æЩ֮Ҳڿ԰ĵرչˣڱչ֮ǰЩЩѧǡ
ԣڱչ֮ǰЩѧ̸̸
ԺҡһԺ칫ңӵǵĴ١
šǵ˵ͷѧԺҲǧˣΪȦɵ㣬Ҷûʲô˵ġһһЩ顣
Ժ˵
ǳ򲻼٣һһȷַ˶࣬ǲΪ;ÿˡѧԺѧҪиߵ׷һһȷûһһȷڻûгɾͲ࣬кܴĻᡣ
һһȷ򣿡סЩ
ѵôǧʱ䣬Ǽʱ䣬Ҳܳʮꡣֻô̵ʱ䣬һһȷѵɾͽ֮ǰͲһһȷˡֶԽ࣬϶˽Ҳ͸͸һȷΣ϶ͱһַǳʶ
˵ţΪһߵĿꡣ
Ժ˵̫ˣһʱеԽܡ
֪ѽܣκһҲһһһȷʵ̫ˣѾһȷµķų⡢šŤѶȻᳬһһȷİٱҾã㻹ᣬӦŬһ¡ȻҲѡ񲻽ҵĽ飬Ϊ⽫˷㳬һʱ䣬Ӱ쵽ʹñѧǼ˵ϣƴһ£Ͼ񣬲Ϊ
Ҫϸһ¡ԵЩأһǵˣᱻκ͸˵ġ
ţȥú룬Ȼһ»ǻ˻֣ʾ뿪ˣ֪ԼǶǴĳɹˣԺҲǳʧˣ˷˴ʱ䣬Ҳ壬һĲ
ǣԺ˵ţ˳ǵİ칫ҡ
Сʱ󣬻ˡ
ΪѧԺһͻƵʥɾ磬ĺܳʣķǶȷҲǲʵ
ԺʥӦĽףǷŵһЩϵҲһˡ
ţɡǵ˵ͷΪҽҪչغܳһʱ䣬֮еһЩѧЩĲ¡ҲһһֱħԪȡħԪĴԪ־ֻҪɵ϶ͷͼڻûж㶯֣ǻϻȡ档ò˵뻢ıƤΣաлᣬ糹նϺλϵ
֪ʱ죬һնϺħԪϵ˵ͷ
Ǻðɡ˵ܸоﻹǲãȻ뻢ıƤǻõʵʵĺôô׷֣˵ҲıһһȷҸһ飬Ҫĳһȷȥ򣬰Ķȷչ졢任˵ҵֶȷһȷ򡣡
ôһһܲ˼·ǰȻ¶Ҫһһȷʵϵڻһͷˮ֪֣ǵĻһ˼·
ˣȻȥɡȰСȺǼ뵽СȣЩ㯣ǸҶεСŮѾ˴ŮһԼϲˣʱĻǿ찡


1531 չؿʼ
Ӧһȥˡ
һСʱ֮С߽ǵİ칫ңڴӢˬеŴŮ˼
Χɢһɵĺɫ
֪ɫʲôɫǻ棬̫˵Ѫտռγɵġ
ԺСȺٺһЦ˵ңǲַʲôˣ
˵أһСЩ׽
϶֣һƿҺȻ浽ˡҲ֪ݣ϶ΪͷСΪǵ˵š
ʲô֣
֪ǿ¡Ŷ֪ˣ϶ǵ״ˣϴΰһæһаõôʲôԵģôôСءһȥаıָɡһɡ
ۣҲɵģҼǵдĺǱһ֪ĵ۾ˡ
Ҳ¡ʲôˣ˼ܺӣôȦһⶼȥˡѵǴΣ͸ˣ϶ǡϴ̫һս
СȲϵ˵ţǵˡ
ȦӣԶôôءһ£һս֪֪ÿһսıʱ򲻻Զô
СħŮСħŮڹȻǱԲġ
ˣ㲢ΪЩ飬Լô࣬ȥ֮⳥ľȥ⳥õǸľȥǸ
ԭΪЩ¡Сȶʱɥҽ̫ˣҪԺ㵱û
ѾͷǿЦãˣ˵¡Ҫչأе㲻ǣԾ̸̸ġôĶãȻƤ˵㣬Ǹе׼еģСȻϣǴȴ᷸
Ժ˽ҡ
Ҽ˵Ȼ˵ҲһȶأǾ㰮ʱЩأôԸִ֣ЩңΪٶ࣬δӦ˵Ļ㡣
ԺСϵЦݣЩ
ϲһûǰһˣһʼʹˡ̲ס̾һ֪ԸһѵһˣҲֻһˡûϧԼΪԼһ¡
֪ˣԺ
ţҲ˵ˣͰԼڵ뷨Ϳԣȡ򡣡
֪ˣлл㣬Ժ
°ɣ˳㺰
ڵ򡣡
ŶǾͺ׹

ܿ죬ˡ
˿̵ףЩɣ
ѩ飬Ѿ׳
ʮ˲ζΣǺȻʳһ仰Ҳһֱ׵ġ
ʹʮ˲ԻԸ׹֪ⲻܣұһҪҸķ˵ţֳ֮һУǸоȻֻصӰ
ִ̫ˣִҲһõúãδز̲ס̾һú̺Ųֹһһȷȡһֳ۾硣
ǣԺ
״̬Ҳûʲôָģ°ɡ

ֺҦܡ
˵ب˼·֪Լ׷󡣲ǰҲҪŹ̺ķδô
ģ
ţǼȥҲ÷ˡ
֪ˡ
Ҫչأڼ䣬ѧԺŷ棬ˣ˵Ա̫ˣ׳ӡ֮˭£ʱ϶ǣ㡣
ţԼһ׹أ˭Υ˹أҲġ
Ǿͺá

ȻǺѧģĽܴڸѧ֮еĵһʦҶҪ󲻸ߣֻϣͬʱҲҪô˵ҲҪԼɵľ硣Ͼֻе磬ʸƲҪĵҩ
Ҫĵҩ
ǵģ㲻ΪǾͲҪҩ˰ɡμûУ̫ϾƵĵҩǽɿҪˮҲǿô൤ҩŻʵƵŽסԺô̫Ͼ϶ѧԺģһѧϰһ
Ժ֪ôˣһͻƵ֮ġ

ĽȿȣܰϵʲôôƲסҵİ칫Ҹˡ
û£Ȼз׶ΣЩȶҲûôױġ
ЩЦãԺ칫ҴɱģҲҲڶˡ
Ժ£
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ǲҸзЩС⣬Ų˳֡
ǣҾһ£Ժоʱ򣬶עһ°ȫȫһ֪ô
£֪ˣˡ
УҪǿޡ
ǵĻû˵꣬ͷĽѾˣԴֻܺǺˡ
ĽǰԺûдڸа

и̸ѧһ飬ֺ˪´һڿ԰ĵرչˡ
ڱչصصѡ֪֮ء
һĿռ䣬ռԪ磬
ΪαչҪڿռ˲ķλԹҪһСʱϵʱ䣬пƿ
Ӧ㹻ȫˡ
룬ϥޱϲһƬ
¯תΪ¯ν֮أݲһ˿
дɽʬƬΪ¯ĽײϣдӺɿռյϰƺĻ㹻ˡ
¯תΪ¯
ˣǵʧܣ׼ڿĲྦྷ
¯תΪ¯һȽϸӵĹ̡¯ͺһٴٸӣҲǿԺġ¯ޱ޼ʣĪ⡣׹֮УұԴĿܣ̺ڴһ档
̵֪ĸӡ
붼򵥣⻹һĲοȻ봴棬ֻһ򵥵ļܹܡ
ûͶ֣ϸϸе©ȷһʧ
˷飬Ѿǰȥ
еӦöǵˣʽʼˡһ˿أαչأʱ䣬ĻҪ֮ãĻҪꡣ
ҲĲ˵ǰҲǵָһӵ飬Ƕȴһαչء
ϾѧԺʷꡣ
һ¯֮еԴ֮ȼԴ֮ʵС
ϾԴ֮汾ԴȼγɵĻ棬׳
ƿصԴ֮𣬿ʵҲôһŵĻ棬ǻ¯֮Уȴһ㣬û˸Ҳ
Դ֮Ѿȼһ߾ߵʬһ㱻Ͷ˽ȥ
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λ񣬸ǳĿʮϡ
λ񣬸ǳĿٱϡ
ԲǴﵽ˼ǧ򱶡
ǴɽȡЩʬλֻǺľλλһЩԲʬЩʬȫɢжֱֲ
Ҳֻΰס
ʱعȥ֪ȥ˶ãһʬűʬҲ
¯Ѿʼϸ΢ı仯еĽṹøӵĸӣһϸСĿռ俪ʼŨҪһһЩĿռ䣬ȴǱøӾ޴ҪתΪԪ硣һЩصĶɣڶ֮Ĵڡ
Ŀǰܳɹ
һжڰǵļƻڽУҲǵεݡ
æͻƵʱɽȴƽ
ɽĹһغĿռ֮У˾ۼ
ѧԺô뵽֮еˣһͻƵ֮һӺ޺޵֪ǵ飬ǴΪ˲ϧ˴ۣλλ
Ƿʱˣ׸Ǹ쵰ͶѧԺŵɽĹ֮󣬸ǶЩѧԺˣϵؽдѹƲãҿô졣һŮӺݺݵ˵š
׸ɽҵͽҲܹ׸Ⱥ
Ǹ׹ţȻͶѧԺ˵ɽǱѾˣҶΪͽһӼЦ׹Ϊһ֥飬һϡ֪񹬵˽٣᲻ڡ
ɽı߽˳ˡ
ɽô浮ĵطΪ׵һӻ˵ţЩ䵭


1532 Ժټʦ
ԱߵһŮӣ˵ͷӦòģ浮ĵطû뵽طôӣΪ˲ϧλλ
ǰû뵽ȻͲֻһ׹Źһӿڵ
һŮɽ񹬵ˡ
λеλ˹ͽܿƿ˹Ůλ˹١
λ֮УʵҲǶġ
ߣȥɽ˽һ˹롣
˹ٵͷ
ҸոѾǼҵһϸͼͼ˵ģɽĹ򣬾ʮľ롣ܿƿ˹˵ţ˾ͳɽĹȥ
һСʱ֮˾ɽĹ
յ˴ѶϢ˹ͣ˽ŲǶһռ֮Уڵǡ
û뵽֮ҲǺպһˣЩȴҡ˹ٶЩˣʵǿ
˹٣עԴǣĺ˲۵ġ˹
ߡ˹˵ʲô

εĿռ֮Уһ¶˷ܵЦݣӦˣյʹǵϢϹ
ʲôϹ
̫ˣоˡ
ûЩˣ
ɽ׼ҵģѧԺġ

˵ŵʱӰȻ˺ѿռ䴳˽
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1534 ǧѧԺ
֮ڣҲڹעһĻ
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ǻѧԺĺϷ֪ǾʲôѧԺҲ̫ˡ
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һȺʦǶ̲סЦĵҲһ
ѧԺʦ̫TM˼ˡôؼˣҪѧԺʲôɫĿӺÿ
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ôҾ֪ôѧԺΪСһĮɣ·޼ɣҲһλ񡣡
˭ɽѭȥ֪֮ɶʱһӣ˿һĳ߹ӹоʱ䶼ֹͣһƺһӾ͵ǰûʱ֡
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ѧԺԺôˡЩѧԺʦôѧԺԺ᲻ɽţӵûˣ˵ɵĶʲô飬ѧԺģǻڲ
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1535 ɽԼ
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Ϊʲôô˵˵ɽԴ˵ǲΪȻλôɽ񹬻ȱλڵԺ˵̽һѧԺ
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𼱣һΪ˴ӮⳡѧԺսνǿ⳥ٰڲྦྷɡ޼롣

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ٰڲྦྷΪྦྷǴײأɽ񹬱֮еĲྦྷûôࡣ
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Ѫ棺ôõװƻᣬҾȻˣϧϧ
·ѧԺֲƽ飬ҪʾҪȨ
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1536 Ԩ
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ֻôоЩأ˺Ҫôġ
ǱչأѧԺƺûܵκεӰ죬ÿĽѧĽš
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죬Ҽװװ׵ġ˴ĴָĻȴǲΪȻ
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1537 Ǽɵ
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ȥ֪˭һ˳Ԩ
˸վס˭ҽȥɱ˭ڱħѪɽˡһǿޱȵ


1538 磬˺ݻ
⻰˶ס
ѭĿ⿴ȥֻǾȻһˡ
ң˵ΪҲŽһףԲߵġ
ħѪɽʮŻħ塣߷΢΢üħѪò࣬ʮŻвΪߵģȴóġ˵ʮŻһӵŻ羳Ϊ˲һԶȸ߽׷ͻƵ˽۾硣
ħʱԨĴԪΪУѰˡüʵһϣʮħ嶼Ƕ֡ħݰĸħѪһλʵʵĲ֮û˸ҵ
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ģħҲ̫ǿˡ
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ô˵˭ͷ񣬲Ȼ͵űħѪ׷ɱɡ
ʱȵȵȣԨĽ֮أħѪûô򵥡

֮ôȺе¶һ˿ЦһλĸףһͻƵ۾磬⻹湻ģѧԺѧûȡ
ţһĳǰȥ
죬ʲôػ֣̿ȥס˵磬ʱͲҪͷˣǶ겻ôˣ϶ħѪԪ磬ʱҲûһϣ϶ܽȥ
ô򵥣ˣ϶ҲֹϷԪ磬͸ûǵķˡҡͷڣȥлᡣڵħѪ͵ˡ
˵ţǰ
ʦ㣬㿴ǸһҪʲôһֱڹע˿̲סǵ
ѵӲȥüòܡ
ħѪǺεǿĴڣ֮еλкüλֻﾳΪԲħӡֻǰմգհһħӵӢˡ𵭵˵š
һģߵǰ
ʱħ壬ûע⵽
ˣЦһȺں֮ڣֻסףħѪԪ磬Ҫ˹СѾһʱ֪ͨ˸ʣиʮӣ˾͵ˣʱЩں֮ڸһȥԪһУħѪɽġ
ɾʱѾߵħǰ
˶ע⵽Щ档
Ҫʲô
еʡ
ôȥħŭȵ
Ǿʱһ׹һޱ貵Ĺâգֱֱĳħ塣
һޱĽ
ħûзӦؿڵĶױԴ׾ǡһ롣
ĻױԵǱһЩ绯ĺۼ
ȴҪնħʱħڷӦ˹߶ԼĽ磬շҲת˼£֮гĿռ䣬Щռ䶼ֲĽֲĽ
ڣ⽣סˡ
ļļס˽һ
ǽҲ뵽֮Уг幫ֵȣѪֱ
һ̣˶ǾˣǲŵĿһĻ

߷
أ
ǣ

ȫɵۣ춼ûлع
ôҶħѪʮŻӳ֣һǺ֣ĲôţԼȫˡ
磬˺ݻࡣؽȭͷ˳ݡ
鷳ˣһӾ͵ħѪ߷üͷħѪ֪ǺĹϵǶҪܵǣ
㾹Ȼҡҡħָŭޱȡ
ϻࡣЦţеĽγͬʱҪٴնħ壬Ǹɱˡ
㡭ֱˣħѪħţȴǸٽһΪոһ˺Ľ硣ˣĽϳһɿֲǺڶһȻ
һ֮£ˡ
Žһ׵Ϊоʵһ㶼
ħ˺Ҳȥ׷ֱֱĳԨĴԪȥ
˿һĻǾþòƽϢ
ʱҲӦ˹
ħ嶼ˣǲҲԽʧĴԪˡ
һʱ֮һȺ˷ӵ
Ҳȥ죡˷Ժҵż񡣡
ȥ֮òҪ¶ĹϵȻǶҪܵǣħѪŹġ߷룬ѵ


1539 ħ
⻰ǺǺѣô˵ʶҰؽѣӲڵġħѪҪҪҵ鷳Ǿˡ
߷΢΢ü˵ʲô
һȺ˷ӵһʧĴԪ
ħ忴һĻҧݣ͹𣺡ļһһҪɱ㣬һйͷ֮ޡ
֮һٶ˵ħԣһٶϵϢ˲
ʮŻӡ
һٶ˷׷񣬲˿Խ
ô֪֪Ҳ㱻ɱˡħһٶ
ʮŻӣô£йĶױԴۼףۼǿվްʮľƬɵģǿһĽµĵ۾˵ѵǽϵĵ۾ˣһüͷʮֵ⡣
֪ô£ֻһﾳ۷ļһҵʱûзһͰۼ׸˺ˡе㻳ɣʴ͸ҵۼǲǼٵģħȭͷ뵽һ£һξô
ʮŻԡʱΪ״ŶһӿڵЩֵ˼Ǹ˳ֵΣģһҿ
ħͳ˧ħһ飬֪ħԼµǿ֮һҲһλλ񣬾˵ܿѾﵽλ񾳽磬Լĸʶ
ħס
ģ⣬ϵͨѶӰ¼ĹܣղǸһֵΣѾȫ¼ˡħ˵ţһԼͨѶϵһǰͶӰ˸ոʱΡ
˶ǿ˹ȥ
ֻһ׹һޱĽ
֮еħûзӦؿڵĶױԴ׾ǡһ롣

һĻħڵ˶¶֮ɫ
ﾳ۷徹ȻܷӳĹҲ̫ˡȻֻӰ񣬵Ҹоһĳǿǲĳǿһȷ򣬾Ͳһܰһȷ۳һӻ߽׵ʵǸоһвӦû޷ƿʮŻӵۼײŶԡ
ǰѽûжϴĻѽӦѾӽױԴһв˼ԣһˡħ˵š
ӽױԴ

һȺ˶ޱȣıħѪһ˿ӵеģҲҪ۲Źʸ
ǻе߶ѡ
ֲһӾƿʮŻӵۼףԭ˵һ룬ӵı˵ݿ϶򵥡
ǵģԲͨˡͬ
飬һҪĵϸֻżȻõˡ˸ŵ
ħϸ˼һѾ˰ţ˼ȻܿȥħѪȲһħѪûм¼ϢûеĻһܱ򣬲ܾôƾðһˡ
סӦ
ãȲһݣڡħ޺޵
ôѾʧĴԪҲˣԪѾˡȽȥȥ˽Ӵһ£ܲȷԪ磬ȻȥԽ࣬Դ䵽ҲҪһ֡ħ˼һ¡
ǡһȺӦ׷ӿԪ
ʮŻӣħߵĲʱ򣬺סħ塣
ħͳ˧ǲʲôҪ˵ħ˼
ƲᣬڵĽҲնһѺۣǲ޸϶ӰԺһʯ磬Ӧ޸Ľ硣ħ˵ţһʰ쵵ʯͷǽʯ
֮Уʯޱı
ʯҪþǿԻָѺۣԵ۾شһʯļ۸񶼿һܲıԴ
лħͳ˧̫ˡħ˷ޱȣڳô޸ԼĽ磬ΪҪԼĸʣڿȫˡ
ţȥ޸ƣȻԪѰһԵԪͻȻԲԵ޹ʵģܿԪԭ˵־ڲݡħ۾֮һâƺѾǬת
áħӦȥָơ

ԨϿգħһʹһС硣
ħ㣿
ħѪٶȵǿ죬˵֮ǰԪ磿
ôҪʲôǵ˽ȥ
Ϣħˣ׷׿ڡ


1540 ֮
ħˣƽ
ͳ˧ʵ޼
Ҳӡ
Ԩ߸Ľ֮أǺĴԪѾ¶̺޾ԴȫֵܵκһȫƸħ˵ţԴȫͬ
ֱ˵ɣ㵽ʲô˼һŮͳ˧ڵŮͳ˧ȫһֲ԰֮ɫȼպĻҽһ
ôȥˣΪԴߴ˼һ𣬶ûЩ˵Ŀࡣǿ϶ҲĴԪԴ˷ȥħ˵ţȫ˵˴ҵĿ棬˭뿴Դ˵ȥ
ЩɢȳһԪ磬ҲõԪԴ̲סͬĿڵ
Ԫ֮еĲƸӦߴ˵
ˣӦȷӡֹ˽ȥѾȥҲȻеʱѹԴħ˵š
ԣԪԴçҪɡһſ׵ӿڡ
ҲҪɡŮӸſڡ
ȵȵȣһ߸ÿ˶Ҫɣ޷䡣ħֹ˵ĿڣҾ÷ӡ֮ǻǸƾ»Դƽ
ƾ£
˳˼һ£˵ͷ
ڴʱһߴǿɲӦ
˺ħС磬˽
ڸ񣡡ħΪ׵ӣ¶֮ɫ
֪ڸ澺ĸˣʵǿǺڸĶ֡
ڸĳ֣Ǵ⡣
ںڸߵˣһ˵ģһǼеģҲǺǵĽɫ
֮Уֻǵͷߣ澺ľͷ
ЩѰˡ
ʲô˼Ůͳ˧üͷ
˼ܼ򵥣ǲܵ飬ǽᰲһЩ˽ȥǲڸԱߵӿڵЩ֮ɫ
ڸŮҲǵͷ
ħɫ΢䣬˰ͨ
澺Ǽк˶ǺǵģҪӲҪֹˣòʧ
ҿǰ˽ȥҲΪܿԴûҪ˵ǡ
Щ֮⻹еʵɽ֮ȴֻ澺ЩǣǾԲʲô¡

˹ͨһ£ܿö⡣
ǿԴ˽ȥħ˵
áڸ˵ͷٶ˵ʲôǼк˵תˡ
ħ˼һµߣȽһ´Ԫ磬
ǻ֪Ԫ
ԪɲҪʧǡ
㣬ȻϾҪڸǸˡ
˵ţֱԨ
Ȼȫˣǰɶǽ
ǰʧĺͻȻ
ϻˣǰˣǿȥ
ħͷ˾ҪС
ɾͨԪڵʱ򣬴ӴԪ֮мһɿֲĪ⣬۳һƳ˹ȥ
˶ɫ䣬¶֮ɫ
ãˣ
ǴԪֹǽȥ
Ԫ־Ѿɢôʲô
˻ûиô£ͱһ˳ȥλʵǰȴҲȫûл֮
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ħڣ˶һѪ˳
ô˿ڣ¶˷ŭ֮ɫҲһ
ǶԪһ֪ڸЩ澺ѧԱڽȥҵԪĴ֮أĴС
ǡʱǧ澺ѧԱ׷׳˽ȥ
ǼеǣŽȥѵõһλһҪץסŮӸſڵ
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˵սʿǣȥ
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ħȫ˳˼֮С
ǶԪһ֪ǿڸȴԪ˽⡣
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ħ뵽˺ڸ˵ĻƺЩ׺ڸΪʲôҪ˽ȥˡ
֮ǰʵҲⷽĲ²⡣
⵽˭Ĵ֮أ
Ǹ˿źڸѾЩ
˵ˣ֪ʲô֪Ԫϸ˵ʵһԪ磬һ˵һԲڸ񵭵˵ţλԲ֮һʱɱ񣬶һֹһλ
⻰ħڵ˶Ǵʧɫ


1541 ϵû
ħ˴˿̾¶֮ɫ
ǲµԪ粻򵥣û뵽˵ľˡ
ԲǶֻĴڣԲɱǾ͸ӵĿֲˡ
Բ˭֮ǲ԰ŮӿѯʵЩ
֮ڸ˵һ֣û˵֣ϾⶼǺü֮ǰˡ澺ϼ֮У֮սˣɱλǿߣһλԳֽɱ˽ϰУŲӳӣһȺڴˡ
ԨȻλ֮֮ء
ֲ澺Ҫ˽ȥ
ϧǽȥ
ħ˼һ£򣺡Ǵô£
֮֮ǰԼıѪԼĴУҲǰµһѶϢڸ񵭵˵š
л֪
ҲûãĴУ֮Ĵпɲô׵ġе˽۾ģϵķ򣬲ȻȥҲǰȥѾͻƵླģȥʸûС׻ôеʵǻ羳ﾳǻû۷򣬿Ըߣϵķһ춼⡣
ԶħѪļ˷˹
ô£ħѯʵЩ֡
ͳ˧Ǹոս˴Ԫ磬ȫһǲһԪ磬һǿ߰ŵ֮ء棬ϵĵ۾ᱻѹΪΪԽǿѹƵԽܡһ˵
Ϊһ֮ءѹƽΪҲֻΪ˱֤еĹƽԡħ˵ţѾ֪ԴҲˡ
֮أ
ͬ¶֮ɫ
ǲùЩѾ˹
ǡ

һ֮󣬸˽˴֮ء
ΪħǵҲ棬ЩȻģǱȻ޷ԿκһȴߴҪɵ
ħҲ֪ǵ˶á
֮С
һŮӳħͳ˧ǸʮŻӵļһѾ鵽ݡ
ħһ۵ʲôˣĸֻһͨˣ˲Ļˡ
ŮӲҳɣ˵Ҳ鵽ħѪɽעһݣ졣ԼдʾħѪɽˣһϵĴϵϵǳԱȽƫԶɽԶҲֻǴͼϲҵλá
˵ţŮǰһħѪɽԱϢǼǱ
һд죬дľϵ
ϵûħҡҡͷгɱ⣬֮⣬ԽǿӵʵͻԽǿħѪɽڵɽһʺĵطҲʲôǿţϧˡ
Ҫ׷ɱôŮѯʡ
ħѪĻӣȻܷŹھͶ췢׷ɱҪŴӴԪħͷ
ǣͳ˧
ŮӾҪ뿪ħȻֵȵȣﾳ˽ĵ۾ӵôıЩôģһǾЩԡռأûд湺ϸ鱨
Ůͣ˽Ųصҵһʱͽռ䣬ͳ˧Ӧ֪ռҲû˵鱨
ħ˵ͷȷʵɽħѪɽ̫ңԶ鱨һ׵顣Ҽǵռûе鱨ֻҪǿֻ֪Ҫ֧һĶǿԴΪѼǵٶҪ̫ˡ
ˣϾȥռ֧𡣡
ãȥɡ

ħŮȥϢҲֻΪԷһûôϡ
߹׷ɱҲڵһʱ䷢˳ȥܿʹ˴Ԫ磬˲Сĺ䶯
׷ɱ죿ü
ħѪ׷ɱûӵõ߷֪׶༪ˡ
һСĺɫʯϣǵ
𣺡ʦ쿴ħѪ׷ɱҪɱǸΪļһ
ǵ˵ͷҿˣĽܷ񣬹Ʋ˶Ķˡ
Ǻߵȫȡ
һž޴Ĺ֮ϣȡĹӣһֺмֵ
Ȼͣϳ˾˵ɱ⣺׷ɱң


1542 Ҫ
ҲյϢ
ﻹӵǼ磬ħѪɽ׷ɱѾ鲼硣
ǲֹħѪɽˣɱȡһʵĽ
֪ΪĶ˲ǽǲһЩбȽǿδؿϡ
ϵģһȷģҿ϶Ƕֻ֣˶ȷģԱӦò⡣µģһȷģȻɱңǾţħѪɽȻ·׷ɱȻҲ顣
һ֮ˡ
˭ɱɱ˭һе׼
Ǹ㹻ʵΪ˴ݻħѪɽַĻƺѾֲѪ档
⣬ҲǱȽϵĵط
ӰһͲˡ
׷ɱ˶֪ЩҲûбҪزصġ
룬Ҳ˼Ԫ硣
ÿ˽Ԫ磬ĵصȫǲȷģƺһεԲϣϵسεĵȥ״ֱһͬһߣ˭ȵǸĵ˭ͻ÷ĽƷƵġ
Ǹôм˿ϳħѪɽҪ׷ɱˣһˡ
ɱңԡ˵ţԼ˳˲мǼ۷߶ѣֻһоɱˡ
ڵ˵ﾳ޵С
֮Уﾳ֮пһս˶࣬еҲѧԺǼͬļһˡ
ĸңһħѪʮŻħ嶼ɱˣǲŲﾳӻˣȻôңħ壬Ҳ޷Ԫ磬ǻҪмǡΪ׵ﾳЩϵ˵
мҡǵǲˡ˵ţӰܿʧˡ
磬ոΪʲôֹǣǼ֣˵лɱȡħѪĽһŮЩ
С㡣һȻﾳ־ˣħѪĻӶɱɣǾǱˡ⽱ãҲҪòУҸоʵ϶ֹˣʮŻħ嵱ʱҲˡȻǸУҲܸоħϵĻײ򵥣ȴסһʵǿĿ¡
⻰˳Ĭˡ
ǴĸģĮٴֻȻ
˶ɵۣΪ׵Ӹһ飬ɱôֻˣǼ˵Ļ˰ɡ
ѵҪĽࡣ
򡣡Ӳţָָ
ŶӦˡ˼һ£ٴʧʱֻվĵطغȻһʧʲôһиɵˣȻֳ˼֣дǣ˭ɱңɱ˭
˿һĻˢһɫ԰ף
Ȼˡ

򣬿ɵĺ¡ɫ԰ףʲôҲ̫ˣϵۼȫǵĹ
˵Ҳûˣץʱ취ޡæ
ôѣ޵ٶȱ˭죬ոհͰҮܲ޸ˣһǣסȻǶҪǺڵơ
ʦʦ㣬ҴˣҲȥǸӵġ򶼿ˣԼ˴ҡ
˻ڱܣ˺棬һСɽߣһƵޡ
Щһǣ޻ȡ
׷ˣһҧȥǴʯͷʲôģֱӾǱҧķ飬ȻҲ³ֱӾʵ˶棬Ҳ֪θʲôģʲô
䣡
һ׸ߵĴҧϣ˾˹ȥ
ǿһĻˢһ¾ץſ㵽һߣ֪Ҫһ˵ϣ԰һҳ
Сģ
ʦ㣬ͷϡҲ
֮þҲǷˣдһ貵Ĺ⽣޾ն˹ǹ⽣þ֮һ㻮գնһС
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ܻһҽ¯һ㣬һھͰѹ⽣̵
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˶һȻɣ⵽ʲô
ˣˡҧȭͷظоһ׵Ϊ޺ް취
ʦ֣ޣſߡҧҧȻԼ
ʦã
ʦ㣡
Ϳš
ɾʱһ˹ҾãҪ


1543 ҿǻû˯
⻰˶ǿ˹ȥ

ޱȣȻϳǰ
ͰҲһ
죡ǿڣȴҡҡͷ㲻ҪʮֵҺʦֶĶ֡ﲻǣ
ôҲֻﾳ۷ΪȻһشʮŻħ壬ǾϾ
شħ壬ҲΪǳ䲻ɵġ
⻰ȴǰż
Ҫһǣסޣøʱ䣬Ըʵ֮á
ʦãסޣǾˡæ
⻰һ
лŵĻᣬҲ
ǲǹܣҾǣǸСѾͷĹҪҡ۾ڹʱͿ˿ǽɫʵĸоˣǹ澹Ȼһɷӡǣɷϱ
õϧκεĴۡ
ʦãӦ˼һ£֪ܲǹǱʱ϶ԱΪһ֮ߣʱ϶Уӻǵġ
ǻڳ˼
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УҪǸˣҪ˵㻰Ҳûа취𵱼ЦȻޣȻӶȻ㡣
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ȻˡüͷȽԶŵˣŹߣȻǸûѹӸһˣʰ˵
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ͼĹȴǷĲҽС
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һ˿ɱԴ򣬲ȴǲ˺ö࣬ɱ˵ĹҵĹζɲ˵ġʧȥǿķֶΣҲͺöԸˡţȴǲȥ׷ޣȫƵ޲ûʲôֵ
෴ǹӲļֵǡ
Ӱһֱ׷ȥ
ٶȼ죬пۣܲ졣
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㾹ȻôͰǸޣʧޡ
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ʲôӣʱȴǺߵȻ֪ôѵޣǼȻû޵вﻹߣܱסһȻǶ㲻
ҲǸŵˡૡ
ʦ֡Ǵ˿̼ˣѾʶĲ򵥣뿴Լʦֺ
ʦã޿صģ㿴޵ʵܲµӿ϶ǼֵǡǰӴȥ϶һüǮȴǵ˿ȫһѸĲƸסˡ
ҿǻû˯ѡ˵ţеĳһᣬ׼
ǽף㲻ҵĶ֣ҿɲʮŻħ壬վ㿳һЦȫǴһߵˡ
ִԲڣǾȥɡ˵ţһն
ͬһոǳޡ
ʱûиоһĿ£˿һȴǷΧʱնץסһ㣬Ҫ˸ץߣ


1544 ̽ɷ
֮ɫĿ¡
ܣ㲻߾磬ôǿѹȡ֮޼ɱһУȥɡȫɳ֮ɫǳһɽɽ貵Ĺâ編һ˳ֱȥ
䣡
ɽײĽֻǽɽڴڡ
ôʲôŵķٺˣǽɽûͣٸ룬ȫڵˡ
֮ܣ֪ɷǿ󡣡ЦĻһһ·ڿȫûбҪˡȥˣϷˣҵ³
˵ţһǰ
һնɱȥȻһڶа˽ȥ
ҾȻȫѲˣôôǿɫ䣬оԼҪڶиɵȻȫް취
죬ҰѹӸ㣬Źʦ֡
죬ס֣
ͰǶǺȻܿȥ
ֻǶ˵ĺȫᡣ
һ£ء
һлع鵽𱻾֮УɫޱȻķֽɢǰֻһŻɫһзֽ֮µıԴ̺ǿΪ֮֮ΪҲħеġ
ħȻǿħԡ
ɱʦָ֡˶סˡ
ʦãҪ嶯ס˿ѾĺǿȥΪԼʦֱ𣬾Ҳᱻԥնɱ
ӣҡдɭ֮⡣

񼸾仯ҧҧѹӸ㣡
ӹϸһ£гԾ
˵֮һЩ۳ӡǣһűԴĻۣǰȻֱ
ؼӣȻɷ֮
ɷһȷַ۳γɵı֮жǼֵǡ
öӣȫųһ½۾硣
ӣˣתȥ
ϡ뱨𣬾ңʱ㡣
ԶǲųһոǾһȦ
ʦ㣬ǲǲɱǣߵ
ǲңǲмЩε˵ţһħѪʮŻӶļһô᲻ɱˣΨһĽ;Ʋ˰ˡ
ȭͷþ
ֿһռ䣬У֮ıԴûΪʲô
ӣܲͻơ
ɷһǿķ˭Ҳұ֤һ۳ֻвϵѰһᣬԡţһھͰӸҧ֮һȻ¾뵽˶֮С
ӽӣоӹͨڤڤ֮ϵɷ
ƺɷ֮佨һϵ
ϲ⣬ʼͨ˿ϵ̽ɷȫò
У缢ʵĴӭ˸ء
ǺþֻǸоԼϾҪץסǹؼĺڣȴǱǿķ˳ȥ
ɷƺĿ̽
һ㣬Ͳһ㡣
˻Դоٸһʱ䣬һ԰ɷ۳
ҲһջûУԼĵѾȫܻһĳΣǽ˰벽۾֮
ֻҪ۳ɷһٳɾͽ۾
վûжôİգΪʧܵ׼
˿ʱ䣬оֻһ˲飬ʵȴȥһ֮ãò̾¡
ԪҲеڶöɷ۳Ĺӡ
ţĿꡣ
뿪ԼٵĿռ䣬ռҲ֮ˡ
ȥΧĶ϶һ飬ҪǻҲ϶档
һ·֮Уת˲һǧ
ףǸ졣һע⵽¶һĨЦݣ˵ɱԵõħѪʹ͡Ǿ͹ֲˣ˭һѵıﲻҪ
˵ţһԾ
˿ռ䣬죬һ֪ɲԣ
ͣ˽ŲӲǽף̲סЦ
һ·ϣɱ͵ģĿǰΪߵˡ
ʲôϾĿӣǲҵͷ
ͷҪ־͹ħѪɽҲɱ㣬Ҳɱģ˱ˣҡӺߵеĳһᣬʱһ߽⿪Ʈɢɳӡ


1545 ӣ
ӲŵĿһĻ
徹Ȼһɢˣ⵽ô¡
һ
ӿ뷨ˣȻǺڶˡ
ôҲû뵽ôǿ͵˳־͸ˡ
о仰˵úãʵװװƣûʵװǾɵƣһӦǺ߰ɡһ˿ԴȻûһת˲ʧˡ
롣
ҲһЩȽϵˣñǰ⼸ǶǺģ֪
ȻҲ뼸˵йأǶ澺ģħѪʲô͸ȤҲͲʶ
λֵܣˡһѯһϸ룬˵ҲеʮѧԺĶܡ
һˣء
ࡣЦЦ
˵ôʲôȺˣǾͶȹⶾˮӣ롣һŮӺߵ˲ǶһطˣǻЩġ
Ů˵ȺʵһȺǻһޡ
޿ǱȻ򱶣ҸǿĺܣǰɫĶˮ沶ԣǺһƵޣȻȫĶ֣׷׳Ϊǵʳ
˲񣬴˿̾͹֮жɺӡ
ģôʲôŮӵĻǸģֵĸġ
ѧԺ˼һ£ǻص
û˵ӦһСѧԺɡ룬Ϊǵҿֵ츳翼Ǽ澺Ҹ㽲澺ܻõܶ࣬ǸСѧԺǰ;
⻰ݸ
СѧԺѧԺ˵㡣
Цʲôֵ㻹֪ɣʵԪ磬һ֮أÿ˽ΧһطȻƴسȥΣջԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽֻ࣬н뵽ĵ˲ʸôУ֪ЦЦЩѶϢǻȻˡ
ʵ֮ǰֻɡ
Ī࣬й¶ǾܡŮٴοڵѾЩŭˡ
ʲôܣڴ˶֪ˡҲĪƲƲ죬ֵܣ㶼ˣҽĪ࣬ԺҶѡ
Ŷҽ졣ص
ֻʱ򣬺Ȼ˿ڵôô죬ȵȣǲǱħѪ׷ɱǸ
˿˵ˣ˵ͷ
Ī໹֪ô£ϸ˵һǱˡ
ֵܣţһʮŻħ壬ϧûзʱҪһսҿδĶ֡ңһսҲǸħ壬϶ܺ൱ǿȴȫζˣǱĿԼ
⻰ǿЦá
ߣħѪѾ׷ɱõġŮӻ˵ţȫǺͺӸˡ
ˡʱ֪˭һ䣬˶Ƿ׷׿˹ȥȻһȺԱ㣬ԶǷˡ
ǿɺӡʱվٵĳŶˮȥ˽ں档
룬Ҳȥ
ⶾˮ˵һӣȴаǲ֪ж٣˾ǶɺӣʵҲСġ

Ȼˮдһƺֻˮ汻ƿһ˹Ƶޡ
ȻǸܵڷɹȥļˣһצͳżץ˹ȥ
Բۣʲô⡣Īһҿ㿪ץʱɺӡ
죡ҲżʲôһͲǺǵġ
޵ʵƶ˽ףҲĶ֣޵ķӦӦǺܳٶۡţҲɵźӲƴɾʱԶճһƬӰãʲô϶һĺ۷˹
ȥȺˡĪҲˣ͵ػΪһ⣬ٶȱ˭ĳԶӴȥ
ӣ
Ҳһ
룬һһȻʩչ֮ѸӴܡ
֮˳
Ҳ˺ӵĶ԰ո£ȴǿˣǰغ߷
˿ǱΧסΧסǵĺȻ׵ĵ۾
˭Ҳʶ߷ϡĶ档
ôʶˣѡȴǺߵҰؽѣηηǾѡ
߷⻰ɫޱȵأЩ˶ħѪɽģҲҪһ𡣡


1546 
߷ĴضʱֱӾǵû뵽ˣҿ㡣
߷Ťͷء
֮л켣꣬һĬĬţԵܻ죬ľܱ
λˣҲֻǷ֮ҽ֮Ҳûм˲ҪǨŭҡ߷򻺻˵ţҪƲĹϵ
ش˿Ҳ˵ʲôȴѾ߷ʧ
λ۾˼һ£ȴҲŹˣ˭֪˵Ǽ٣Ƕץˣʱҿ᲻ǡ
Ͱضɫ䡣
ץǡ
һӾҪ֣Ҳ˿ռ䣬ߵĻᡣ
ס֣ǲҪô⡣ʱһĮ˹ˣѾ޷ȥ
죡
ܺã㾹Ȼˡ
ɱΪʮŻӱ𣬺ħѪϡ
˷׷״ҲΧסˡ
죬ǲɵʱ㲻ǸҲ㡣
û¡ȴЦЦڰȴǺøд
졣߷ԥһ£Щת۾һᣬλˣǶˣҺûκεĹϵҪԸѾˣǻҪҳ֣˵ȥħѪɽҲʲô¡
ߣȻԼԹˡһ۾ڵ
л۾߷˵ţȺ뿪˰
أһô۾ӵĮĿŰء
ҲŲ߷ǸһҲѾˣǾͻ϶ѣȻܿغߵ
ѣλ۾ǳĬˣǻǵһ֮鿴ôصļһ
ѡޱȿ϶˵
֮˿ɲˣϧʲôϵ춼ˡʱһ۾ڵ㣬ǸǣҲһȥɡ
֡Ѿߴٳ
ڰе߷Űأðؾһ
ʱ˭Լ翵֮飬Լǰʲô
أѣҽˡʱѵõ˵һ仰ȻҲðɵɵȴ塣
Ҿ͵һ仰ˡشЦЩɱҲûôףô˵Ҳѧ洫֮һֶλеģô
ѧλ۾һ
ѧܱ֮УȽʥأѧ֮еԴģʷƾã
ѧ
洫ӣ
˵ȥѾסܶˡ
õģѧ˶ˣһʲôһλ۾룬ħѪɽʵδѧؼѧ϶Ϊһ洫ħѪɽΪС
ǻǲ֮£Ļᡣһλ۾ڣˣԶˡ
֡˼ͬʱ˶
ɾʱֻشһүүģӲˡС뿪⡣
˵ţֻĶ澹Ȼһɫĳӡ
ӳ֮󣬾Ȼϵرת۾˰׳
棬ڶʮߵǸ
ǿռĺᣬӵпռһЩܣӿռ˵ڵʴշ򡣡
ôģһݲ򵥡
ã쿴Ѿһռͨסǡ
ؿЦסô죬ߣҾ˵˲㡣
Զ߷򿴵һĻ̲סǰһʯķ顣
Щˣû뵽ؾȻֶΣֲ޿֡
ѽ㻹ڵʲôؿλ۾ԽԽץҪռ֮ͨС
ôקȴ˿
ã
ûקͣٵ˲䣬λ۾ɱ˹
ÿһλ۾ʩչǿĹ˺գλ۾滹ڳɳڣʵһ㣬ǳɱȥ
䣡
ǿռͨ飬ռҲǶȻ󼸴δռ֮ص˰С
ȴޱǱʱȥһ죬ɵˣǹˡ
С壬ȥ
˵ţ˦˳ȥ
濴λ۾ܵһ룬ŵﻹȥ
ɻǻһ˿ߵĻᣬһ˿ᶼûˡ߷ԶԶؿһĻϴЦʵеͲͰ
ͬʱԶĶˮӱߣҲ˸Ϲˡ


1547 
ҿʲôĵ۾ΧߡĪԼͷϵһЩ͵ĸݸקոΪӱ޵׷ɱε˶ˮ֮УȻˮӣǺˮĶʵǿȻˡ
һˮͿһĻȻɵˡ
ףǸ˺졣ĪϲȥһǱħѪɽ˸Χ˰һʵңҾһĵ۾Ƕ֣ˡ
ߣҾ˵Ůӵʵ͵ˣ͵Īˡ
ŮӵĻĪһ飬̲סǷһۡ
ȥɣ
һλ۾ĹҪ䵽ϣͨǴط򣬴˿Ҫڴ֮С
ɾʱ򣬱ƺҪȻˡ
ĳ̽һ͸գâһͰ֮Ŀռ䶼ɵȻһǴӵؿڡһ룬̽뵽ӵĽ磬һĴԪг롣ͬʱһɿֲ֮ӿֻӵ岻ϵسֻ̮һ˿Դ
ˣˡ
ڻɱ֮˲Ϣλ۾Ĺ
ת˲֮䷢飬ƺû˷Ӧƺֻǿһ£Ȼһλĵ۾ʧһ
Ǻܿʶʲô
ոɱһλ׵ĵ۾
ɱһλ۾
ʲôʵôܡ
ĪɵˣԶ߷Ҳһ
Ȼʵһ治Ϊ˵ħ塣߷ţɫ΢䡣
ԲۣһƺţĪ̲ס
ȻԾĻҪأһ죬ոģ
Ĭһ£Ȼͷ
ͷز֪һжģˣողɵˣ˺һѹûʵɱλħѪĵ۾˵ĶԲԡ
ٴεͷ
޲ǵһﾳΪɱλ׵ĵ۾
ƫƫˡ
Ȼ磬˺ݻࡣ̲סٴεֱ̫ˣǺԶˡ
Ҫɱǣ
ﾳ۷ɱף
ﾳ۷ˣѾǰ벽۾֮
˻࿴ţ˿ȴҲɱ
ɱ
βȳ֣ȴǳɱ˹ȥ
һգЯ֮ơ
˿ﻹǿǰ벽۾вǵʵ
ܣѵһ벽۾Ķ֡
ģʲôֻǺһӴֻƶûˡ
㿪Ľƺӿռһ
Ȼռƣ˿ȴȫãѾ·硣
Ϊǲϵعɱ߽ǵĹƣǽشӽתΪ˷أҲ᧿Σ
Ȼڲ֪֮ҵһᣬһٴɱһˡ
ʣµˣǷסˡ
ӣ
鱨һŽĽ׵ս
аŵĹʲô⻹ûаַ۳۳ǽ׵ĵ۾Ķˡ

ʣµӣȴǲŹǡ
һٴɱһֳʣµ֮һ׷ȥȻɱ˶Է
ǵȥɱ˵ʱȴѾҲ˵ټĸС
Ȼôǿ߷ͷȥˣڿ
죬ţƴˡ̲סô꣬˭ھͷ㡣
Ǳǿôһ㡣ĪЩΧ˿ȴǳ˱ģǿһôǿ˺ܶðɡ߾һս˲࣬һɱĸģȫ涼Ҳ١
ʵˡ
ء鷳֮ȴߵ˰صǰ˵֡
զˣ֪ţƣҴ㻹˵ɶغã
Ҫһ顣Щص˵ңܸѡ
סЩӦʽҽܣ
ǰɡЦЦ
ŶҰأաԣҾͽаأûʲôʲôҲܸѡ˵ţ̲סһЦ˵ƽһ
ѣ˶ϧꡣ


1548 Ѱط
Χ˿ˣǸп֡
߷˿Щвζܿתˡ
ǻħѪɽڸɱħѪɽλ۾Ǹǽ
ߡ
룬Զ
ߣ
شЦЩ⡣
˺ܿʧĪ֮ƲƲ죺ܵĵǿ죬Ҳºλɡ
ĪĻŮ
ʶãͳˡ
ͬʱɱħѪɽλ۾Ϣ˿Ҳǻٴˡ
ħѪɽ硣
쾹Ȼ԰벽۾ľ磬һֱǷ˼
ò˵ʧˡ
ǵģʵѾĽĽ׵۾
ţǰȻһûУǲš
˸ҪɱȻԺħѪɽѡ

ڽħ壬˿Ҳɫ
û뵽ʵ֮ӣ˿̸ǳ˼ʡ
ڸλϵħ˼Ƭ̺ȻڴԪ磬ĵ۾ᱻѹΪһҲ˵ʵˡڴҵ׷ɱϧһдɱ
⻰ȫû
ħѪɽ׷ɱ͵ģҲġ
ǶǶǶһЩвȽϴˣŻᷢ˵׷ɱ׷ɱĽҲ͸ߡ
ߵһһ㶼׷ɱ۾ǿߣ׷ɱĶҲвħѪɽΣˡ
׷ɱ϶ģ˿̱֪ĺ䶯жΪ۾ܱ֮ħѪɽ׷ɱģ궼һ
ȻϢȥ֮ħѪɽ𶯡
׷ɱɶˣҼǵ컹۾ɡ
ɱԻһྦྷԴв˻Ķɡ
˭ֱһƶı⡣

ԶǷǲ֪ԶĵطյϢȥ׷ɱˡ

Ľһطھʲô
ǵģ׷ɱҲһħѪɽʷһԪ棬ǵԲΪ׷ɱġЩ𾪵˵
ǰأʵ
Ǹˡ
ŶӦһȴȫΪˡ
ػΪЩģҲҪ£ʷϻӹħѪɽ׷ɱиļһھͻĺúõġ
ǲѾˣ
ǵûУ˵ħѪɽĴš
Ĭˣȷǰοô
ʲôҲԼ˵Щ⣬æת˻⡣
бӦһܲϡ˵ţһᣬⶫҲò˳ռԺصѧԺû㣬ڲˣڳ͸ˡ
бЩţȻȴһ㶼ɵ
Сʱ󣬷˺ôľڳһɫʯͷˣȻбûпĻѪħʯһһϣ챾Դͷٺ٣˵ĸˣɱڡ
ƳƳҲϡʯͷһ·˼ٿˡ
⻰ɵۣʲôٿ飬ôڵģ
ʵ̫ˣϾʯͷֲǰڵϣһЩʶ߸Ӧ쳣ˣһҵܡ
˵ڵ˼ٿ飬ز𾪲Ź֡
ЩʲôѰˡ
ܼ򵥣ϰѰطƽ˵ţѧԺÿѧСѧѧѧһ֡Ǳ޿Σÿ˶Ҫѧġ
Ѱطס˵طǶܻõģܻãҲһЩȽϼ򵥵ġ
š˵ͷ
ѧԺģҪ󲻸ߣҰŵǸСѧСؼѿڶѰطջܴ
ΪѧϰطҪתͶѧԺôûڲٵģһǵһμ
ڲʲôܳô
ˣҽһְɡ룬ѧԺѰط״ȥһĴȥһҲӰ첻
ġ
Ƚӻ档˵ţʶݸ˰һѰطյûУѰطѧԺһλѧģȻҺ񲻶ͷǲò˵츳ܸߡѰطʼʱΧıֲͬɫʾһЩıΡ
ţѡ


1549 վ
Ǳ߲˵ʲôѾʼѧϰ
طʵǺѧϰص츳ǺܸߵģȻҲܳΪѧ洫ӡ˿һʱ䣬ȻѾȫˡֻʩչʼ֮У忪ʼֳڰ׻ɫɫǴֵͣɫֵߣˡ
һ£ȻһĹѰҵֺܲı
ѰطԾҲҲ޷һֱʩչܿЩƣˣ˷ܲѡ
湻ôЩε
磬ʼ̫ˣǷǸطˣһһλ֮񡣡
طʱŲ߾磬Ҹո˵ˣҺͬѧҺΪô󡣡
ˣ߶ܴطˣ
ѧԺȽעشﾳطʲôϡģڷ쾳ʱʹ߽׵
ȥǶôôЩ𾪵ô˵ллˣһѧԺǿѰط֮һɣܴڸңǶҵΡûҾԲᴫڸˡ
ִⲻѧԺܻһѰط˵ģѾʼڵ2.0汾߲ʼּģ̽ķΧ㣬ѰıࡣѰطʵҪʦ΢ռ̽̽ط̽ʿռ䣬ʽṹжϱֱֵ˵š
ѧԺҲ̫ţˣ֪ʼѧ϶ˡ
Ϊѧ̫һ㡣ڵ
˵ѧһģǵһ֪ôƺѧģǿʥأŽȥء̾ԺѧЩֵһƵġ
߰ɣҲ֪˭Ĵ֮أһݴУǾͲ̫ࡣ˵ţָָȥ򣬸ղҸоﴫһ
ǻʲôȥشߴ
һ·У̲֮סͣΪǾȻһǰĹ
˿ΡĹһ뷨ѵǴ֮ء
Χ
֮أ֮ذ˷ޱȣߣȥȡĴȥ
ߡҲǵΡĹڹĶ˾ȻһͣȻⲢǵϵ
˸ս˹Ժ֮оʹһ
ӭ磬ĵһվƺΪһ·׼һСǶǵĽϾߵסǵڻе˵ţޣÿ˶зݣҪģȥðɣȻûõҲûɥΪõﻹں档
£Ͱػ࿴һ۶ǳ˼֮ɫ
ߣȥ
Ҹոոܵ϶űˣ͹ˣӦıȽһţĲԲֶ顣
ಣ
˳˽ȥȻͿһ޴ı﹬ıǷڹ̨ʯһİ
ԲۣʲôسһûбƿĹӣıƣ͵һץõһܲĿףȻԭףõҲܻ㲻ʯˡ
ҲɣһץһһױԴҲ
ȥΪɶһŪ˱Դغˣȴٶȸˡ
ҵģô౦ȥȥ
һױԴѵһױԴ
һԭķ
ţһֱȽıǱ˷ˣ϶һɱ
֮ڵıԽԽ٣ȴԽԽࡣ
źɫҺʲôվڹĶˣһȭͷСҺ̬Բ򣬡ˣȡˡ
һҲһȥһˣһն˹ȥ
ŭȵ־һ
ӱһ˿Ѿץ˱ⱦԣϲѡ
һȴ
ŲӦֱ۾ͱһնˡ
ôܣӲţȻһ߿ֶΣϸȻʧɫ죬ǸħѪ׷ɱ졣
뵽һɱħѪĸ׵ĵ۾Ķ֡
ߣ
ӣǱ˹ȻҲǾ֣ⶫȻǶױԴ൱ںôܣ׬ˣⶼı


1550 Ҫ鰡
ױԴ֮ⶼ϶ıˡ
ħۼ׶޷֮ȣϾۼҲֻǻףȴķ
õⱦ֮ܲ
죬Ǹ죬⡣Ӳǽ׵Ϊ֪ԼĶ֣˿̺ԥĴ󺰵ֻлǷ
ӵĻȻ˶ǿ˹
죬ĸ죿
Ծģ˾뵽ǸħѪɽ׷ɱˡ
˱֮£¶˼ɫ
ֵһྦྷ𲽵죬ʵǺˡ
ϾһͨһױԴҲͼֵһ鲻ྦྷõҲʮ鲻ྦྷ
ȥˣһվĶɶȻʧɫˣ˭൱һֵһྦྷķ˭ȥҧһڡ˵ţΧǻﻹ֪Щ˵뷨
ӿ˵ķӦޱȣһϣɱ죬ȡħѪɽĽ
˹ȻԾԾԡ
磬ʱﻹܿȥҪǱΧˣ˭Ҳס˵ģΧ׵ģͷ˲ʮˡ
⻰¶׺ݵĿ⡣
ץǷͬʱһն˳ȥʱ˷׷ŵ˺
С壬һռͨ
ʱСٻ˳һĲԸ⣬ǰ˵Ĵһͨ
ϵѰػôѸپǳ˹ȥ
סǣ
ˡ
죬һҪס죬ǺɫԲһױԴ
Ӵ˿Ҳ˲Щˣϣס
Ļ˸ǼȥȴѾˣѾֻźͰ̤ռͨˡ
ǻץ磬ǺƨɡشЦ£ǿռͨҲıպˣһȺ˸Ǵֶ
ռͨҲ֪ͨֻоʱձ仯ת۾͵һïܵɭ档
ģ˿ΧѵӲܿƵĵط
Сû򿪵ĿռͨȻˡҪȥС׼ȷķصǸո뿪ǸЩڨڨ˵
ǺǡԶˣɵӲȥڴʱУ͵ؾǴȵɵȥж
ʲôһգʱֻӵһƵ׳ޣȫۼףﳤŷݣһΧĿռ䣬ͬʱΪγһ֮ڵ鶼
ǿ󡣡ૣɫѾޱء
ôôùʲô⡣еɵˣܸо޹ƶڽ׵ĵ۾磬ô죬޺
ô죬ܣϣ֪Լ϶޵Ķ֡
⻰һһȥ
޳һٶȣٶȿ磬ˣֻһҪ׷ˡ
У޵ٶԶǣǲӵġ˾ϣȻϳһĨ׺֮ɫأ治ܴͨһصǴĿռͨôȥǰͨһͨ
磬ʲôҪ鰡ɵۣȻ˷ޱȣղЩ׷ĲֻӴܣھ͸һݴ񡣡
г𲻱ǾӣЦ
ǻʲôС壬ȥǰһȥͨعʮε
Ͱػڿ񱼣޾ǵľҲԽԽ
ת˲ǧס
ɾʱǰһռͨˣͰغԥ˽ȥ
޿
ۿžҪֵôܾˣԥҲ˿ռ֮ͨС
ͨһߣͰس˰С
죬죬ֻˡ
֪˭һ˾ͿͻȻֵˡ
ͰؿһĻɵۣȻ˺ԥľͳԶܡ
ʲôЦǿ޾Ҫˣ˭пպЩһĥ䣬ϣǲҪ޲źá
׷ǣҪˡ
ɱ죬۷塣
ܲˡ
һȺ˷ޱȣֻǺȻΧĿռȻᣬ˶һ
ǸоһǿϢ
ͷȥɵˣֻͰػǿռͨһ޴ޡ
޵ķһҧϣһߣֱӱʬΡ
ţһĴǿռͨǼ˳Ҫ׷ɱ˴˿Ҫˡ


1551 Ѫ
Ҳɵһ߾ǽ۾￴޵ʵ
ףܻҪϡ
Ԫ磬޵ʵǲѹƵģ˽׵޶۷ĵ۾һս
ЩˣǿĲǽףǶ֡
죬Ҳ̫ݶ˰ɡ
ʲô̫ܰǿˡ
ܣ
һȺ˴˿ﻹܹ˵ͰأŸȥ޵֣ȫһ̶ΪĶѲ
ޱ׷ͰأڿôͰ˸׵Ժˡ

˷ܼˣʼһߡ۾׷׳Ϊʳ
ܿͱѪȾˡ
ͰʱȴѾûӰˡ
һ֮
㷢شѪϢԪ磬ȥ˳ʮ
ѾǲѪˣѪ
ʲôǸ죿
ȥһôģһСɱƭҡ
Ȼ޽˲ĴҲ̫˰ɣѹôˡ

̸ЩѾЩηˡ
ħȻҲյϢ޺޵ȥʮ棬֮һħѪɽģֱǵǡȻˣǾ͸ҪϧһɱڴԪħѪɽˣᴫкɱͬҪͬʱ׷ɱһ
ħ嶼ޱȡ
˼Ҳһ
ڲ֪ʲôطһŴģͰĵض
磬ڴ˶ټЩʵ
Ŀ˾Ÿָͷ
żؿ̲סЦҲԶˣ˶ʮˡҾ˵ҵ٣ôҲҪһ㡣
˵ǾʮʱЩΪ˵˵
ʮʮػ˵ˣôܣôĶôࡣ磬ʵ˵㵥˶ꣿ
ʲô֮˾ʮҪΪˣϾֿ죬Ҳûÿ졣ҼǵñһһһϾʮ
磬ţس׷ˡ
ˣҪоһҾһ¡룬ȻЩӣҲ׸ɵģһһһױԴ
磬ôʲô㲻ҶҾͲúø㾯һʲôϵѰҲ̫СˡԴǵ˵Ȼ˧룬žǵҪǰѵûɣ
ûһ£ЩЦõ˵
ʼоǷȴٻС壺ǸС尡Ҫչһʱ䣬Ҿ䣬ұչؽһƵĳֵü澧֡
šС˷ܵص˵ͷ˿ȫǸɾʮ㡣
úøɣҿ㡣˵ţôڵĺˣҲҲڶˡ
һº
Ѿоͨ͸ҸˣΪԼķ
ȷʵ˵Һ壬֮ȫ˵仯״Ӳ̶ȣԵطĺȣӶӷǿȡ
һĴоھϽ׵ĵ۾ҲԱˡ
磬ˣ
صĵһʱ䣬Сˡ
ţˡ˵ͷôҿҲⶼȥһˣƲ˿ܶҵ˵ڶˣҲˡ
ڶ㣬еһ϶еڶлڵһջķᣬеҵڶ㣬Ȼѹһ
߰ɡվ֪ʱ䲻ˣʱǷѾΪһɫķ´ϡ
šصͷ
תۣ˾
ڶȷʵҵˣѾ׿ˣжˡ
ڣֻһտյĴ
͸뵽ģһ֮Ǹ˶ȥҵڶ㣬õڶֵʱʹˡĺۼڶҲ֮ڱһյġε̾һ
ðɣǵȷˣҾͲʲôûи¡ȴģڴ淭ȴĿտҲʲôмֵĶûУҿҲһʯеֵҪҰʯȥ
ôôЦãŰؾȻҪ֣ȴ۾һȵȵȣʯ֡


1552 ֮
⻰ס
֣ʲô֣
ԾͣĶųǰ˴ա
ֻ棬򱻵ʱᱦսһӡǣһЩֻǿԱʶġ
֡롣
š˵ͷʵûô£ᡣô˵أͨ־ǵļ֣־Ƿ֡
˴չȥһǱʶ֡
֮ʳʳأ˳֮ʮ꣬ɾͽ۾֮ɾͲ֮һ·ԽɱУնɱдԲ񾳽粻ˣԲ񾳽粻ʮˣȫڴˣȥǰǵĴҲȫڴ˵أҪôǾȥɣ֮Ǵ֮ء
˶ס
Ҳݣ֮һһʮУ󰡡˷ָܻ֮ܵĴУ֮һµĴУҲ׬ˡϾ֮´еЩ£ҲԲ񣬼ֱǿס
ʳ򡭡Ǳˣʳʵϸ˵ɷһ֣ȱʧһ֣ܻ֮ĴУ֮ʳͼпܳװɷ̥Ӷɾͽ۾֮
УҪᡣ
쿴ﻹһͼʱע⵽ʲô
ͼ˹ȥǾȻһԲ̵ĵͼԲ̱ŵȷ֣ÿһȷ涼㣬ӦǴŲ˼ľŸ֮ŵһǷţӦþָ֮ء
طҲˣͣһµǻǺԶģ˵һ͵ڶܺ͡
ԶҲҪȥԥ˵
ȥһȥ˵ţֿʼİʯ˾ţ֮βô£ʯô𣿡
ǲɵʯԵĺһˣܰߡĿŰأ˵ʱôûʯ顣
ţ˵е룬ȷʵô¡
߰ɡ룬ʱ䲻ˣǰܶвǺܸȤȴǱҪõС
ٶȺܿ죬ת۾뿪˰
һ·֮ϣʩչʼæĲֺѰ˺ü
ȵȵȣǰˡס˰أԶЩ
ʲôˣѵħѪɽˡٻ˻û˯ѵ棬Ѿܵ׼
ǵǡҡҡͷһҵˣ澺Ľߡ
澺ȵȣΪʲôʲôûпؾȵĿԪ棬ʶѿ֮ĵطôġ
ѧԺ
ѧԺѧԺҪҪôţƣôʲôУ⻹ҪҪ˻ˡغ˵Ǹʲôɲ⴫㿴ʲôҾṵ̂ͼ˼ȫʡԣʣһֺѡ
Ҳ޷ʶķʶ۷Դ֮ͻʱƣȡ֮۵ףѧԺһλʦġ˵ţȻ˵Ŀеţʲôȡ̫֮ˣҲʮʶΧ
ʮش˿ˣʲôһ㶼ûпô˵ͬҿԿΧľ󣬶ȴܿΧʮľ󡣡
ǵǡҡͷ
Ҿ˵ôš̹˲١
ҵʶͱǿ˲٣ܿΧӽʮ˵ţ̹һЩİأ˿̸ӵˡ
ʮʲô
Ҳ˵ڶʮܷȴֻڿһʱܷ
ҪС˭ȷ˭ȷֵһɾռ˾ԵȻ
ѧԺ˶ô̬ôЩѧ澺ǲԺԹŴˡЩ˵ţԴӸһԽгɥʧˣǰȫ
̫ˡ
ˣһ֪㡣ֻǿϧطȷ⴫һģҵ֪֣ʱ䵹ǿԴһ֡ε
˵ģǧˡϲЦտǱһһ
ߣȥںɱ˵ţٶķ˹ȥ
ȵҰһ¡غȥ


1553 û
Զĸսš
һĪ࣬һǸȥŮӣһ֮ǰһһӡ
˼һһ׵ĺɱ
ĿǰѾ᧿Σ˸ӵĶ֣ζ
ᰣҵסһߡĪϸ裬͸ռ䳯źӲϹǺƺеƵģڵһʱ䷢ķ룬з
Īﲻ֪ӿ϶пķ
ҲŲӣһҲŮҧǿ˵
ǵͬһԲ֪ʲô
ߣ˭߲֪Ƚڶˣ϶˲ٵıڰǻñȫһԸһ·ȻҾֻɱǣȻǵĿռ䷨棬Щ
ҪǰѱﶼɣһԲӴˡ
һõ˱֮󣬸ԥɱǣǲܷߵġĪ϶ޱȵ˵Ƕ澺ţԺ˵Ϊ࣬һ´۾绹пܵģֻҪţһвʳѰ
⻰˶ǳĬˡ
ΪʵӼȻ־ͱŸϾɱ˼
ȻˣǾͶȥɡӴ˿ҲԼе뷨ֻ뾡ɱˣȡ
Ѿ˾ѵҪ
ڵڶ˺ܶ౦һĮҰɱǰһıô
˶ס
ء
˿̵İؿ˶ɵˣ⻹Ǻֱӵĳûٰһ㶼εġ
ʲôˣӿȻ֪ʲôʱġ
죬㣿ĪྪޱȣȻǿϲǰֵܣǻһѨĹ죬˯أ㲻ܿǱɱܰɣ
ڵڶõıһ롣ֵ
УЩǺò׻õġȴǶȻڣ֪죬㻹ڱħѪɽ׷ɱϾǣǿ澺Ƽ㣬Ϊ澺ѧԱħѪɽͲҶˡ
ֻҪǻõıһ롣ɫЩ䣬ӻ浱ɵϲɣ澺ѧԱʲôãǲ澺ѧԱɻ㱻˸ɱˣУʲô֣
ҡҽбɭЩ˵
ҼסˡţȻ˵һ飬ҪôһıҪôһɱǣɱʱǵıﶼҵġڣԼѡɣ
˻࿴˿ڻĪҧҧãɱǸڵڶõһ뱦
ɽ
һЩЦݣʱǺӣѾԼǿֲ
죿ǸħѪɽ׷ɱļһ֮ǰһɱĸ׵ħѪɽ۾ڵһ˴ԪһѪ˳ʮˡ˵Щ˶ǲˣҴˣøˣھߡ
ߣˡ˵ţһն˹ȥ
ƴȫֵֻһɢת˲Ϊޡ
Ī˿ĶǾĪ
˺սܾãջǲкӣӾȻһж߲
ʵǴĵη塣
ڶıȵһ˺ܶ࣬ȻȥģΪߣÿҲ˼һˡĪʱٳɣȾͰԼڵڶõı˳һ߼һ۾ȻĶϵϵһõˡ
˼һ£ȡ
ǱᰣҲȡɭȻ˾żȡǶһոյĳͽˡ
죬ǲҪȥ֮أҪһɡĪȡ걦֮󣬺Ȼڵ
ԸǾ͸šν

˽һ·ǰУת۾Ǽǧȥ
Ҳһ´ӼϻõıǺܲжױԴˡһһױԴ⻹Ǵӱɭõġ
һ죬ԭϢ
Ȼɫһ䣺ǱΧˣٶʮ˴ܶЩ˺ǿ
⻰Щţôܣô֪ǵ٣һ·ϿɶǺܽġ
⻰в¶һ˵ĺâ


1554 ΪʲôǸо
Էһҵô׼϶ǵõȷеϢ
ؼ˭ǵλϢй¶ȥġ
񿴹ˣȵİؿ϶ǲܣǰй¶λã϶й¶ˣҲȵڡ
ʣµҲֻ澺ˣ˻˭˶зݡ
ˣдɱ⣺֮У˭й¶ҵλã
⻰һ
Ī࣬ǲ㣬綼ˣ㻹ͷһŭ
ҡĪ༱æʵڻûи㶮״ء
ѵ㣬֪һֱԷƫؿ˱ᰣŮ֮ǰЩ
ûй¶١ҧҧ
޹ءǱɭػѯǵ
Ĭˣٴɨˡ
Ȼһ
ֻɭ屻նϣһʧ
ΪΪʲôɭŵĿû뵽֣һôͻȻǶûҵ˭йܵô
ΪʲôǸоĮ˵š
оһĪ࿴һη֮ɫû֤ݣƾŸоɱˣǰûκεİȫпԣȫħ
ΪܽħѪɽɱ㣬û뵽ħѪɽ˾뻹жʮʱ򣬾ͱ㷢ˡĲԩԩɭԽԽС֮ǰ̹ˣ⻰˶ǳĬˣ֪˵ʲôá
Ȼؿűɭ峹ʧֻһ˿ԴҲǸпĪոһ˲䷢飬Щʶˣȫܰ²⡣
ô죬ǸϽ߰ɣ˵ţٻС塣
ţϣüҲоʱĽȡ
С壬һռͨشߴСһԹƺ˵ǰҵʲôˣغôǳҲϵġ
ܿ죬һͨˡ
ͨȥĪͱ룬ȴûиȥ
ǳԶˣ˿ٸǾˣ뿪ħѪɽŲ׷ǡ
ߣߣ
˵һͨ
ɾʱһǹԶ͵ؾǺ˿ռͨ档
һ촫ռͨˣСҲռ˽ȥ
ã߲ˡ
ؾٻС壬ȴǷռ֮еС壬ϵ̫ˡ
ʱгһᡣ
̧ͷΧȻʮĸϵĵ۾Ϊ׵ĺȻһۼǿߡ
ȻԪ磬ۼǿߵΪᱻѹƵĺҲܿġ
죿ħͳ˧׷ɱ׷ɱ㣬ҲֵԺˡǴǿߵĮ˵ţֻһΪжͣԭҲˡˣȥץȰΪˣȻڴԪڣý˶ǵħѪɽ³
ǸʲôѾѧĵˡԣѾʦΪˡʱæϣѧĵݣöԷɵ
ȻԷ⡣
ѧߣǴǿЦ˵첻ѧĵӣǣħѪɽѧҲ㣬카ᵽһ飬һһҵһġ
㡭
أ˵ˡĳһᣬдãһŴѧԺĿռŲɷѧԺʦģڿռ䱻ʱƿռ䣬Ǵ֮ĵطһ취ңҴ뿪
⴫ס
ʲô׭֪ߵİ취̲סϲ
áӦ
֡Ǵǿ߻˻֣ʮ˳
ɱͺһһ߽׵ĵ۾־һ
ƾʵһսǿЦ۾ЦţһֳֻץʱһӰںڶ𣬶Ĺǰֽ
飡
ˣȴֱŰطȥͬʱóŲƷ׭˺ѿ
һҲ
ǡסǡǴǿ߿ʲôЩ֮ɫϵǸŤռ䣬뿪
⻰ǿĵ۾һȭ
䣡
һҲնӣӾӲһҲһȭϡ
ۣ
һѪ³û뵽۾˷񣬶һѾȫƫλá

ؾȴٴγʱһ˹ѾҪȡ
һȭȥȴǱһӰõסˡ
ǰء


1555 ֮
סˣ˶Ǵסˡ
ţػʱһȭ
ΪʲôΪʲôȵŰأ˶ҪˣƴسŰ֣뿪˲ʮɵľ룬ȴǸһʱһңԶ
磬ټˡصϴһĨ԰׵ЦݣֻѪܱѣ˵Ҳڹһƺʱֱ
ڽ߽׵ĵ۾һ֮£һûзķεֵ
סǱһȭ
ȵأ㲻һһаʶ̸֮ء
ҼǵأԺ󡭡صѾЩģˡ
ءоʲôһŭֻΧĿռѣǷ׭֮һ͸Ťռ䣬͸ʱգһ׹֮ʹʧˡ
뿪ˣ޾ķŭ
췢ģֻҪһ첻һħѪɽ
صţԪÿ䣬˶ˣ׷׶ɫ䡣
Ǵǿ߶Щ֮ɫ

֪ǺεأҲ֪Ǻδ
ɫ԰ףһֻŽһȦ
ءţȭͷɱ⡣ǧ꣬ĵһѣΪԸԭܳΪѵ˼ֱ΢΢ɾΪһѣȴؼʱΪסһȡ㹻ʱ䣬뿪
ܲжŭ
ཻһĻĻֳǵֿӣԺ治ϵػصš
ˣ̲סˡ
쳾أԵ⻹һο
ԼԼܣԼ̫ˣԼѶˡ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ȭͷݺݵش˵ϣضķѣɽʯ飬޸ܵǿֲļΪʵʵɱ⣬ŵɢӡ
û֪֮Ӱж
ʱȥתһ¡
ôãȻûκεĺתɱԽԽǿңҪͷţҪ
⣬ҪȷǲˣȻػŵĿ΢΢
ɱɱɱħѪɽ˶ȫҪħѪɽΪᡣţԶһš

ħѪɽߣ
ħѪɽĵ۾ȥɣ
ħѪɽǵųҵŭɣ

ʮ첻֪ɱ˶ˣԪ綼Ǳˡ
Ԫ֮⣬ħüͷҵΪֹ˶ˣ
ѾȫǸɱģΪǸظ𡣡
أ
֣ħĬˣЩء
ңϧһҵ죬һٻˡħ롣
ѾھˣǸҲһﾫͨݺ䷨ţǶ̫͹ˡ˴˿Щε˵
Ҳʲô취һҵɱ˶ڿħѪɽЦħЩŭ˵
ǣǣǣͳ˧˻̿֡
Ԫ磬ĳ
ûΪɱħѪɽĽ߶֣ͣڼɱš
ҪɱңҪɱңһȥ֮ħѪɽΪħѪɽЧˡҪɱӣһһ׵ļһȫǺ޻֮ϾҪնɱ
˵κεĻ
ȵȣһϢǹǸصġ뵽ʲôȻ
أ֣Ȼͣˣ˵ô
ʵѾѯǧˣǵõϢ࣬Ӧˡ
Ҳӷԭڡ
ҡҲ֪ħѪɽǸħ˵ģֱ£дҹֵʱżȻһϢ˵˵ϴβΧǵǸħѪɽĴԼŵ£һҹ֮ȫʧˡӻ̿ޱȵ˵š
ȫʧˣסôȫʧôɺϣͬһʱ䣿ѵԶԶԣһǺʲôǲ˵ҪҺͰץϳΪڴԪڵλôǰˣҲܷŹĻᣬм϶ʲôҲ֪ģʲô
˼֮С
ӿӣΪˣгһѵֱӳȥ
ȥɣţһûеϣԴѾҲʼһʧ
ع񣬿˿ϵѪƽֻһ뷨Ҳػš
뷨֮ȫһʰ
ֻ֤Żİ


1556 Ҳ
ˣߵĺܿ졣
ҵһطȻ½Ǽ磬ϣ鵽һЩڰصѶϢ
ǣκѶϢûУƺڰһ
ռ䡣
뵽һطС
һŮӴ˿̵ߣȻϲ
Ҫһݹѧص鱨˵
ŮӴ˵ͷѯ
Ҳĵĵȴš
ڹ˰Сʱ֮ŮӴЩԵ˼ûаص鱨
üͷһ壬ЩŵôûУӵռҪռ鱨Χ֮ڣκһߵ鱨Ӧͱ¼ڲˣظѧ洫ӣ츳пܳǲླ磬ô᲻ռ鱨
ţŮӴ⻰סˡ
Ƭ֮ŮӴЩǿӲûоûҪλ˲Ҫȡ֡
ȡ֣ЦˣЦЩ£Щ䣬ﲻǿԶ鱨ôûУҶһݹڰص鱨һҪٲң
ŮӴû뵽Ѳֻߣ˼ʱ߶鱨
˼Ƕһ˶İɡŮӴɫϾ˵ԽֻҾðص鱨⡣ҲΪˣֻҪҰǲǻžУˣҿԸһڲҵĳ͡
ŮӴ⻰˶ɵˡ
һڲ֮⣬һˡ
һ൱һ鲻ʯһڲǾһڿĲʯɲྦྷҲ൱һྦྷˡ
ħѪɽ׷ɱҪĽҲĿѣǻһ֮
֪ŮӴֻҪ֪һϢܸı꣬β𾪡
ҪҸˡ
˵ţһǰһƬ貵ĹâǾȻȫǲྦྷȻʮ֮ࡣ
ŮӴţԾ˿ˮ
ôϬĿŮӴ
ŮӴһ£Ȼƺյʲô˵ָʾһ˼λĿˣڰǷţռ䲢ȷе鱨
תˣٷκεĻ
ڴԪĳ
˼ȵȣˣŮӴ϶˵ȷе鱨ǾֻһֿܣҲǰغܻܿšŮӴԴ˸Ȼڹرʲôûô򵥣ҲţĻš˵ĸطڵȴҡ
ͨЩһµüͷչ˲١

Ԫ磬Ѿʼƽ㡣
Щ۾һµǣĿǰоãЩ۾ԽԽ㣬ΪѹƵĸӵ
۾Ѿ޷߶֮һͷϻݡ
ɱ¾ҲרħѪɽĵ۾֣ǰǽ׵ĵ۾ڶѾĽˡ
Щ۾Ϊѹƣ߲ʮС
죬ҪɱңҪһĽ׵ħѪɽ۾˿̲壬߶ڵ֮һɸӿֲţ߶ˡ
ħѪɽ˶һԥĿλ۾ԴʮĽ׵ħѪɽ۾ˣĻԪԵ۾ƻ󣬵ʱҾͿɱǸ߾ĵ۾ˡ
硣
ԽԽĵ۾ɱħѪɽĵ۾ǿߣ˿Ҳǳܲסʧ
ͳ˧ˣѾʼн׵ĵ۾ˡȥĻиĵ۾ɱĻǵ˵㣬Ǵ۵ʵҲѹƵĽңʵȫ֮һսʱڴԪҲͳûа취ˡţħѪɽȫǱȹϿ˶ڿǵЦ
죬磬һֶɱħŭޱȣڴԪ磬޿κΡ
ͳ˧Ǹô죿Щֵ̿ѯʵܸоħɱ˵飬ʱԼʵΪ
ʱĻµĵ۾ͲҪȥ׷ɱˣ˼ħֻɱٶĵ۾ʵûжĸд
ǣͳ˧Ӧͳȥˡ

룬簵ҹ֮еĴ̿ͣռ飬ؼʱһ
Ԫ磬ȫΪԳ
ɱ¾ȴΪ˵ŸոտʼѣħѪɽȼŭ𣬱ҪѪϨ


1557 
˵ǸɱһħѪɽ׵ĵ۾ˣ׵ĵ۾أħѪɽһλҪĹءţϢǿһֱڹעԱߣһ߷
˿̵߷򣬻һЩơ
һ·ߵʵҲܲףΪ˳㣬ѡĽ˶
ֻ֪Ųڰ·ϱ˸ɱˡ
߷˵ǸôΪԼѰأɱħѪɽһٶλ۾ߵĶﵽ˽ףǲǺֵ˾塣һѯʵȻЩ̾ѣԺҲĿˡ
ԼħѪɽ˰أ㻹塣߷Цš
ʲôԼҾͲͬ⣬ħѪɽǹƨڴԪڣҶȥһ٣ûǵӣҲΪôˣǲܽԪ磬Ȼ˵ͱռˡЩõ˵ʵֹӣʵкܶ˺ܸмġ
ΪĳͷŸһôеĻᡣ
߷򿴵Щʶû˵ʲô
ڽ߽׵ĵ۾ѾѹƵĲҵĶˡո̽նɱһħѪɽĽ߽׵۾֪ϢħѪɽǱߣ֪ĺ䶯
ħѪɽǳ׶ˡ
롣
˽׵ĵ۾ѾѹƵ˽ףŽ׵ĵ۾Ҳֻܷӳ׵ʵ
㣬˵˵㡣
찡Ǹ򣬾ܽ
ߣȥ㡣
Զյ󣬸ſռ֮е֪ȵ˵㣬Ҳһ㡣
ɱ¾ʢ翪ʼˡ
һŽǲӶȥ

֮Уһ޴ĹǷԲǧԵúΰ
ǵ㣬ĲһоŸ֮࣬Ѿʼ˲ҵ֮ս
ߣе۾дۼǿߡ
ˣɱ⾪ˡ
ΪᱦֻΪɱˣҪħѪɽȫնɱɾ
ħѪɽﲻΪᴫôҪħѪɽԸգᴫУȥɡ
Ŀռ֮Уʶһࡣ
ȻˣһһħѪɽĽ˽׵ĵ۾նȥλ۾ΪѹƵܻûӦǾ߱ѹƵ壬ӦȻǳٶ˰ģ˲䣬ĳ壬һжˡ
죡
ϳɱˣϳ˲ŵɫ
Ҫ־͹ΪħѪɽЧĮ˵ţȴٴγ֣ȫǺ顣
ɾѵڶԼѡĿɱʱע⵽
죬ˡ
ģɱħѪɽĵ۾
ǻҲ㣬Ϊˣû뵽㾹Ȼҽ㡣
һΪ׵ħѪɽۣ˿һǾն׵˼
ʱʮλ۾ɱ
أѾˣǻţҶħѪɽۡţеĳӶһʮսһ顣
һ̣ʵȫķ˳ѾԽ˽Ľס
飡
һħѪɽĵ۾նɱǽ߰˽׵ȻǶ֡
һǿˡΪ׵Ĵޱȣ֮ǰ鱨ʱûôǿҸоڵҶĶˣǸ磬һֶֻ
УǸǶ֣һ̫ǿˡ
ǰǲ֪ƣһ
һᣬǾȻʮһλ۾ǿߣʧҲ̫ˡ
Ҳע⵽ɱȻǳη塣
ɱǴǿסˣԶ֡
ҵʱˣ޾ʱգءЦţһƬƬĿռ̳Եһ˲͵ǿǰ
ʲô򣬿ռ䣿ǿߺãȻȴǴæͿʼܡ
޷߶磬ΪʮһǴ۾ǿߣ˿ҲҵĶ֡ЦɱǴǿȫֻܱ᧿Σ

ĽһѪۣܿɭɭ׹ǡ
һҲ̫ǿˣȫﾳеʵڱѹΪȥпǴǿţ뿪ͳ˧ô˵
ЩӾȻתܡ
һ۾ˣ˶Ŀɿڴλô


1558 ǿ
ħѪɽλ۵һսȻ˵ע⡣
˿̿һ۶ǱӴˣ˿Ѿη;η
۸ˣ䣺ħѪɽˣ㣬
ĺˡ
ƾʲôƾʲô
Ҫ֪ħѪɽˣкܶҲħѪɽҵ£Щ
ҪħѪɽȫ뿪ȫ
죬ΪС
ģһ޷ˡ
ΪһۣԼ޵ˣǴ۵ΪѹƣʵһɶӲǲһߣǿԷӳٷ֮һٵʵ
Ǻľͬôˣѵ᲻Ķ֡
һȺţѾɱ⡣
ɱ
֪˭ϣȻһʱǧ˳
ûκεη֮ɫһ˳ǧɱ˹ȥ
֮УѪڷ衣
һ֮£ЩħѪɽţ׷䣬ȫһ֮С
ͬ߾磬ǿѾ֪
ħһħ
߾ôӵʵֱ̫ˡ
ɱңھ뿪㣬ᴫС
ħѪɽˣ׷׵ĳŲĴߣת۾˴롣
ϧҲϳħѪɽˣп϶ʣһЩˮġ
ߣ
ûˣϴϿգѴ֮ʣµﶼˡ
ʵʱͼ򵥵Ŀһ£ŵıֻдټȼͣ϶ﵽ߽ױĲΡ
ȡƷһһѪɫľʯһȻһ硣
бһ£ѾȷѪɫʯѪԴʯһֿŻǿѪı磬Ȼ֮磬֮жޱһɽ֮⣬ǿҶ汾ԴĸӦ
պƷ֮Զ
棬ûв´ĻӦþǴ֮ˡ
ڣǴ֮صĴŽرţûд򿪵ӡ
ʱһڴ֮
Ÿȫ֮󣬴֮žͻ򿪣олĴС
˶һ
нǰˡ
еޣҲʮ˿ԻôУлʲôٲһɱᣬȲ֮ҪҰٱֹ
磬ħѪɽĴۻȥˡ
ͳ˧ڵ㣬ҵΪѹƵ˲ףѾĶˡ
Ѿ֪Ϣħ˵ţɫҶòϣ̫ˣҸоһǲĳǿһַ򣬲ȻԲôǿڵӣħѪɽ˸ȫȥħѪɽκ˻ôеĻᡣ
һҲ˰ɡ̲ס
֮Ĵп˵ʮԪ棬ǿ󴫳ˣҪȡеʸûУʧǴҪģʧԴġ˭ܻĴУ˭ܻ֮һСȻ˵еţǻôоǺôࡣһӺ˵
֮ɱµĴ붼֪жྪˡͬ
ô˵ǸڣĴоͱɱ۾ǿ߽ȥѾĶ֣Ѿûκεİ취ħЩ˵ԪΪҲǴ۾磬ǴħѪɽҲģҲЩȥ
һʱ˶Ĭˡ
ˡħڵ
鷢չڣʵѾܿƵˡ

Ԫ֮С
һĴе㱻˷֣ıҲ˲ҵᡣ
ڣŸеȫҵ
ʱٴ𣺡֮Ž֮򿪣һ˺²µʮУÿֻܻһСˣȥɣ
£ֻǴе֮ʮɸߵĴŻˡ
͸ŵķ϶˿һƬ貵ǿգȻǿ֮еһϵλ˳˶Ϊ֮һ
һƬǿա
û˼ŽȥΪ˶֪⴫ģȥܻôеġ
Ǵ֮ȫˣǿеλҲȫ˳ʮ𣬶ңԶһϵһ˸ŽɫǸλ˵֮Ĵλá
˭ϣ˭ܻ֮ĴС


1559 ᴫУɣ
˿Ǹλãм
κһ˴˿̶Ǹλá
ҵģ֮Ĵйˡһ˴ųǿ֮еɾʱһӰ˳һնɱ˹ȥ
ѪȾǿգܶǾ
ֻһŰµӣոһնɱȾָ֮֮λļһ
çľ𣬾˵һȷ編򣬺ַܿܰ۳Ϊһȷ۾˾
֣ܱúܡ
˴˿̿ҲЩη塣
һţ֮λȥߣ֮ǺεȵնɱǺӣĴҲġ˭õ֮ĴУҪ֮־һǰɵء
Ļ˶̲סͷ
Ҳٴ𣺡ĴȻʲô˶Իõġһɱ¾֮ճɾ֮λĴУҲȥɱɣʮλȫˣоͻʽʼʱûλģȻ޷ôС
£Ҳ̲סˡ
һĳǿеλܾһλԵ
ҲˣĿֻһǾ֮ĴС
λԱߣмҲǻ
˵֮еģ϶ǶԼʵȽŵ֡
һĸˣҲ֮һ⻹ߣԼһۡ
⴫ҵġǴߵǾ̷֮һУٻĴУɾͲ࣬Ժɾ񶼲ʲô¡
Խۣ⴫пɲ˵ģǾġһӿڵҶĻӣֻһߵԽǰᴫУƾʵԪ磬ʵѹƵ׶λҲ̫Ȼˡ
Ҷ֮ĴУԽɫ
ҶΣҪˣ˭ᣬǾǺΪУʱҡ
ֻĻû˵꣬ȴǾͿһ˳λȥȻ
ѹûĻһ
ʲôдǡ
Աߵ̲סЦҶӣвûʲôðҲǣܻ֮ĴУ˭һ
㣡ҶЩһ޵ɱĶˣ쵰վס֮ĴȾָô
⻰ȴ
Ѿߵλϡ
ҶŭˣǺȥһȭ
ɱһȭȻȫ֡

ܵҶĹеĽ־Ǵ˳ȥ
ҶһƺһͷϹ޳ͷ͵ſ죬Ϲǰ̲סɪɪ
ôָܸо
ҶޱȣҲ˹͵ؾͺĽײһ顣
һ̶
ֻ֮УҶİֻƶնѪƮɡ
ҶŵըëĴһѸ˺
ôܣҶȻӲס˵һԽҲЩֵ˵ţ֪ҶʵĽ׵ĵ۾һս
ǰȴԷһжûнס
죡𻺻˵ţһˣǸһڴԪ綼Ϊһ˵ģϣȻϸȶ
òȫһ£ʹõĽȫһ£ǰ˾졣

ҲЩ𾪣ǴһλýĴԪ磬ĴеҲһϣ֮ǰֻ˵εʱЩţһ֣ĸоĿ¡
ʵԲ֮¡
ʲô죿ҶţȻǷŭޱȣѾħѪɽ˶׷ɱھȻҶҳ֣֪֪ʲôݣҿĻӣңһõ׷ɱǻħѪɽй֮޲
вʱѾߵλǰ
˿̵ػͷЩĿҶֻߣŻвˣвһںŰɣһһħѪɽġ
ƾ㣿
ҶЦȫ쿪߸һûԲΪ붼롣
۾ǡ
ῴһġֻǺƽ˵ţȻܣ£һƨɾ֮Ĵλϣ˭֮ĴУɣ
˵ţκˡ


1560 ֱ
𾪴ˣҶˣԽǸʣһԲҲһ
ڣԽ̲סˡ
ŭޱȣ쵰Ҳ֪˭֮ĴҵģҵģҴǸλϹ
˵ţһ־ͳץ
ۣҲΪһɱ˹ȥ
ճ˶ϲ㣬һĿռ䱻ɵ˲һ㵽Խǰ
Ȼһնɱȥ
ʲôȥ޼̣һС
ԽŭޱȣŽߵתʽΪһͷޣһҪ̵档
һȴγһڶ
޵ɣǺͺڶȫһϵĶ
ʱֻԽΪ˵һǱ˳Ѫ⣬ɱ
ܣʲôҸоҸо
Խţһַѹƣǿռ䷨ѹշһ״
ˣЩֵĿ
ಣ
˺ʮѾɫס
ոһӣԼȻʮ֮һıԴӶȥˣʲôĹ˵ıԴߡ
ͬһ෨򡭡ѵ㡭Խ뵽˸࣬ʳǲʳ֮ķһҶˣֲҪ֮ĴУԭͬһַҪõ֮ĴУѱ㲻Ϊڶ֮
⻰һΧ˶Ǿ
ʳô
ʱȴЦˣȴЦ֮ܣΪʳΪɡ
Խ˲м׷ٴλصλϡ
ܣͲ˵һ仹˭ˡ
ҶӣˡʱһȻ۴һٶλ۾ﾳ۷ߡ
ĺܼʱһҴ֮Ĵλҵõ֮ĴСҶ˿Ѿǳɱ⡣
ǣӡ
һٶӦ֡
ȵȵȣҶӡʱһվ˳ҽпǣħѪɽħͳ˧£ħѪɽѾ´˶׷ɱƱҪɱȻҲҪɱֻ֣Ҫɱ֮ʬ彻ħѪɽС
áҶ붼ʹӦˡ
ϵһ飬Ȼˣ˵ǿʵˡ
Щ˵֣ԼçҪ˱ᡣ
˿˿ֻһ뷨Ǿˣô˵ΧҲǱɡ
ϣ
ɱ
죬ĺӵͷˣɣ
һȺ˺ţ˿ֲĹֱǾ캧ء
һȴһ㶼ɫһ˾ɱ뵽Ⱥ֮С
˿Ҳ֪ʵǰЩˣǱصĵˡô˵ʤˣˣʱ򶼿ܻ˵һϡ
޿ƥеʵ߱ˣзĪ
һ̣Ȼֶȫ
䣡
һնɱȥͬʱҲɳȥһɷѧԺʦıըɷ׵۾ȫһ˿һûлĿ꣬ɷըȴ˲ʮˡ
ʲô
ÿֲѵʲô
ģ컹ֶΡ
Ȼ˽ЩñɷҲѧԺһˡ
ս
Ŀֲ¶˳ǲ֪ƣһĵֻһ֮䣬ȫָ
ʵҲˣħɱ˵ıԴ¾޴ÿʱÿ̶ܻԴԴϵӶһֱһ۷״̬
ѪȾǿա
ٶΧߺ͵۾׷׿ʼ䡣
תֻʣˣֻʣһˣһ߾ߵʬǿУܶȴʬ嶼ûˡ
ħһһħ
ôܣôǿǲ֪ƣһ
ô£ǵ׺ʲôڽսǸĶ֡

Ҷ˿ҲѣܣΪʲôôһ𣬾ȻĶ֡
Ѿ⣬ôǰװ
֪˭ȷˣŵҲǷ׷׳Ӵܡ
ܻţ˭ء
ĮĿһУҲȥ׷
ʱһ𣬾Ȼ𣺡ҿˣĸʳҲʲôʳĽƷ򣬶д෨ԴҲǴ˵еɷ򡣾֪һԪ棬ûƾַͻƵ۾磬ֱ𾪡
Ļ޲Ȼ
ľȻһȷ


1561 λߣ뷨
ôǵĸ̫СˡĮ˵ţѧԺ֮ôѧڳһȷ򣬿嫵Ǻ磬һȷ򵱳һִ˵ò˵һָϵĲ࣬ѧԺѧǵĸҪѧڸƴҴһȷѧҲû紫Եôңɼ
ȻѧԺʦʶҲҪá
Ļǳȷʵһȷ
ɷ
ɣַ붼ÿ¡
ʱ˶սΪôǿƺеԽˡ
ɷһתΪֻҪһܵõԴԴϵҲһֱսڣܱ۷״̬ԭĶ֣ʱ̶ܷӳԼȫһõϵģǲսʤġ˵ţһЩη
ˣҲһ
ϢҲڵһʱ䴫磬ĺ䶯˵Ǿ޴ġ
ľȻɷ۳ӣͻƵ˽۾磬ԺԻΪʷļۣʱ򲻵Ϊ࣬ѾħѪɽˡҪħѪɽǲˡϧһдۣһҪ졣ħ޺޵ĵ֪ɷʱҲޱ𾪵ġ
˼Ҳһ
λϣѹŵ飬ܣ˶ֱĿ⡣
ÿһ˶ܵһɳصѹ
۾ǿ߶ˣǵ֮ǿߣǶ˿
ô
ˣĿǸһֱû˵ﾳϣأ
¶˼ı飬Ƭ̺˾ϣһȷ編֮Ĵж岻󡣱֮ĴУҲֻ֮µԴѡڵĻҾΪ˵һɷߣʵǲǡ
󷽷˵ţһ㶼ʲô顣
˵֮󣬳ſ֮λһλȥûв´ĻλӦ֮¾ŴԲľɽĴСľɽ޿շҵ編ҲͬԴʵʺҵġڣλ͹ˣ˭ǲģҲԡ
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ᰴ˿̴һ߹סĪࡣ
Ҫȥˣʵǿ̫࣬ȥˡסĪࡣ
ǡʨĴУʨķһҪܵõУһͻƵ۾磬ԺΪࡣĪϳ˲ʣҪǴᣬҸоԼԺû취Ϊܼ࣬޾ǽĵ۾ˡ
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죬һæһǶò߷ǰڵӣȫƣǱ
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ǰأһȫᵽһλҲΪôģΪҺͰѣȴǡ˵ţ߷ˡ
ڵ߷Ѿͬİ·ҲһͰˡ
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֪ƾԼʵȡһλǲܵģֻܷ
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ڣҧҧʼ˱ۡ
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˴ͷβĶһһ㶵ģû뵽ô棬ҪǻǣҲƴسۣΪһ˴Уǻرٶǰٱǧ
ˣÿλ϶˴ߣҪʽʼˣλעˡϤٴ𣬶ʱɢ΢âĴǿպȻðǸţһλȴǷ貵Ĺâһ㣬ֻо۾ǿҲֻһţܿʮλȫʧˣǽ뵽һռȥǿҲ׺ڰ
ʽʼˡ
磬ʮ
ħõϢʱ˶ҪըˣħѪɽȻһ˻ôУΪ죬ǳ裬Īĳ衣
սսģ˵
һߣȻһްԼƳӣǰδеġ
ʮŻӣأħѯʵ
ǸʵҽȥȡУǷңƵһҪɱˡԴӵеҸûн봫ǿաħʮε˵
ħĬˣƬ̺ڴԪòΧ£괫У϶Ҫʱڡߣ棬һս棬ɱҲ׵úܡֻҪᶯָӡ

ĳ֪ʱգ
˿Χֵֺĸоƺ˱˵һ
ϲ㣬ߣ֮ĴС㽫ܸ֮ܵһķľ磬ԺҲΪڶ
ҲΪκˣҾҡ
ȴ̲סϵô־סˡ
λߣ뷨־˵ˣпʼˣпܻܳʱ䣬һջܴһһЩҪͶЩˣҵʹҲ͵ͷˡ
˵ʲôֻЩڴ


1562 ܴ
һ
һռ䣬ħ£ֽǡ
Ǵۣܸռ䣬ħѪɽռֲˣš12323ܸΪ񡣡ЦЦͬʱʾǴ£ϾǴҲռVIPͻˣȻԴһĿͻ
ϻˣոոҴŵʱ˵ѾѼҪ鱨ҲǸģǲǣǵ˵ţռ֪ģռ˵һЩγɵˣʵ֮ʵôǿѼ鱨ȴͬСɣܶ಻඼Ҫﹺ鱨
12323ЦЦͬʱҲҾֱ˵ˣϴѼǸ鱨ڵȷѾѼϡ˵ȫ󣬶ΪѼЩ鱨кܶ༫ε鱨Ͷ˾޴֮еĲ֤֮󣬲ȷЩϢʵԡ
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һڲң12323һָͷ⻰ˣҪǼۣҪ֪ҲֻǽһҵѺ𣬶Ԥܼ۴һңƾһٱʵѾǺթࡣҲѹ֣ԷԼԼ
ôô̲ࣿסüͷҪ֪ħѪɽĶ׷ɱóĽҲǼֵһڲҶѡ
е࣬ǵ鱨ֵۣ㿴֮ͻס
޴ĲңѾˣԵһ¡
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һڲң룬Ǿʵ˵
٣ħŵһӴվֻΪԼˡ
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ȻҪôߣ쵽ʲôݣ⡣ħϸ룬ҲʵʵҪҪ۵ˣ鱨ȤΪֻ˵ݼ򵥣ûʲôмֵĶҪôߣûˣֻЩĪ򣬲ܻѶٵĲңҪ鱨
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ħûʲôоǸһϢ̲סһʲôĿǰΪֹֻһͷôܣһʵλתǳʲô漶ˡ
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֮Ϊŵħ壬֮ȫûȣһһ¡
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ѧԺʲôȻѧԺѧʲôѧԺλְ񾳽ʦȷϲڿЦ
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⡭ô£ɽ񹬾ȻѧԺǩɽԼһɽǩġɽ澹ȻһλԼݡȻλɽ񹬵Ĳ౻䵽ѧԺڵĵɨȥˡɽӻˣǽˮˣ
ѧԺֲ̫ˣǰҪϥȻ˭ǩԼҾȻû˵ѧԺ
뱨ϻ˵ѧԺԺиһεĹϵѧԺԺǺˡ붼ÿ¡
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Ī˼һ£УҪܻôлҪлİҲܿﱻħѪɽ׽סɱˡ
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⻰ĪҧݣҲУôҪ￴
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ðҶΪԼǴԲľɽˡ˵ִ֮൱һľɽ鶼Ǿһϴӡ𻺻˵ţӰһʧע⵽ˣв飬ȴû˸ֹ뿪
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ȴ֪û֮ĴУҪѰǧ꣬ͻơ
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ɷ۳˲䣬֮еĽҲ׳ˡ
˵Ľ粻ͬ˵Ľ綼һԪ磬һ֮ġ
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ʱҲǾϲѣˣ൱˰ٷ֮ɷ򣬶Ҽ֮Ĵиʱһٳ嵽߽϶⡣ҵľͲǾˣʱ䣬ֻҪ㹻ʱˡ
ߣһ㡣
֮ҲܺᲢۣʳ򲻹Ƕȷ򣬶ɷȴΪǿһȷԺҵĳɾͻԶԶˡߵ
ǴԪ־סˣ⻹ܲܺúˡ
˵ɣ㲻ǻҪҵôЩͷӣ˵꣬һ뿪
ѡĴߣҲ֪ǶǴ治֪ߵһ־һ󣬿ڵãѾ˵ĴУҽҪģʵһЩ
Щ⶯ġ
һĶ붼֪Բ򵥡


1563 «
ЩڴĿ֮У־ˡ
֮ʱ޿̶벻ǮıԼطҪǮ򣬶ǮǲҡͿǵһ飬ΪĴ˻ֱӦڽλλλԲԼԲ񾳽Իõʽ𡣡
Ŷж٣ѯʵ
ǽ۾磬õʽǺܶģһһǧҡ־ЩԺĿڵ
һǧң̲סЦЦһΪж٣ڵ˻Լ
˵ţԼǼ˻չʾ˳
ֺֻȻﵽ˰λͷһλߣҲǳǧҵ
Ԫ־þöû˵֪ǲǱ˻ŵˡ
µʽ𶼲˻߷֮һ
Щ˵ţһǰͳһƬĲྦྷĿкüҪǻɲңǺüˡ
Ԫ־Ȼû˵ܸоԪ綼ڷһǱ
ǹ˺ܾ֮ǴԪ־ٴοڣߣЩƤˡ
Ц
ðɣ˵µԪ־룬ЩҪ˼ʽ˻Ĵһһֽ鵶̫ƶɣȽ׶ﵽĽױԴļǿ󡣲ΪʹԷ޷߶ӡʹõĻҲ൱ڶױԴˡΪԺӡͻ⿪
˵ţǴԪ־Щ⡣
Ǯ˸ʽ𶼶࣬ĽױԴû˰ɡ
ϾӣĽױԴǶıһױԴִ·
ֻ൱ڶױԴҪʲôáֻһڣɵˣѽֽɽ𽣣ѾﵽӽױԴĵȼˣһɽʹҲͦ˳ֵġ˵֮ǲ̫ˣô֪û߶齣˵ʵѧԺط߶治¡
ΪЩ˵һȽôߵıҪӡʲô˲ô
ǴԪ־ҪѪˣ⴫۸ˡ
˽ܴУĸǸжµģ㵹ǺãôģоǸĶһ
ˣҲûа취⿪ӡصѧԺ֮һѧԺʦæ鵶ˡԵʮε˵ţֱǴԪ־ؿһ۸˵İˣ㲻˵һôģʲô
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ڶɡʹߴ߶ʱ«֮лһֲĺڶڶǿܰѵ˸Сٽ«ĵһǽȥĵҲữΪ߶«ĺķʹߵΪҲкܴϵǴԪ־˵š
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ҲһһеĿܡ˵ʱǴԪ־ЩеսܳܶĿܶûʲô𣬶Ҽǿ󣬲ЩܿɲôŪģ漰еһЩɣǼһܲ鵽ҲΪȹһеĴԲ񣬶ԷΪ˸мˣ͸һܡһֱ˲ûʹùܣ֪˶ࡣ
ܣ
ǵģؼ⻹һսܡԪ־˵ţǰѾһ׸ߣ˫ţ׵ӣ˿ӱ۾˯һǸոմԪ־˵һ߿ܣΪһˡ
ʵսܿԷӳʲôսѯʵ
ճ״̬£һʱܷӳλʵҲ֧ƽʱ򡣿һս״̬ȴ߷ӳԲʵֻǾԽߣҲԽ󣬶ֻԲ񾳽սһӣܻһ׹ܻƣǾʹòྦྷܡвྦྷ޹ĻһֱԲ񾳽ս
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ˣҪ뿪ôѯʵҸոյ½һǼ磬˵Ĵ˵ħѪɽԼǾްԼħѪɽѾڴԪ˲Χ£Ҫ׽ˡĻһЩˣвһЩ࣬Ǿ˻˵ĴУϿ϶ɱԽĲ
ϵˣ֮ң϶Ҳǲµ˻ĻһѧԺ㣬ԲʵɨħѪɽ¡˵ţǲҪ뿪ҪħѪɽһѵ֪ǲǺǵġ
ˣǿԷӳԲսҸոձڶûյ㹻ҲͿԼʱ䣬ǳҲһӵʱ䡣ʱ䣬ҾͻָȻ״̬ʵͨλ񾳽硣˵
֪һ׹ܻƣǿʹòྦྷôྦྷȳֵӵġ˵ţԼļҵȫ˳
û뵽˻вྦྷ̫ˣûˣ㹻ܶˡԵЩ⣬ʹԪ־һûϵôĲྦྷ
Ǻã׼һ£ǳȥɱ¾һ˵ţվ䣬Щ飬ұ֤һ£ȻĵѰ
Щ飬Ȼָǰء


1564 ˺ˣ
׼һУ׼ȥˡ
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˵ͷĺ棬Ļһ
ȵȣʱ뵽ʲô
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ټˣĴߣϣԺǻټĻᡣ
ؿڣЩʧ䡣
ϾػʮԪĴУһЩϰߡ
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ܲˣѴӴԪõıг
ħѪɽ£˱ܣ
ಡ
ʮӰ˳Χס
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־ܰɣһʮŻħ壬˿̿ɱ⾪ˡ
ʵô֪ҷͣбԼԣһֻ־ܴţ̡
ħֱҧɱɱ
ħ˵ͷʾ˶֡
ȵȣѣǸҶȹһءһŭֻĪ˹ǰ
˶һŵĿĪ࣬һô
Ī࣬ʲôһߴŭ澺ĽԱĪѧ֪֪ΪħѪɽǨŭ㣬Ѿ˶Ĵۣҹ
ʦҲܻȥжҸòԭɽĴСĪҧҧ⻹һôԣڡ
Ī࣬ˣô졣һҲ˲ʲôˣȥҪĪקߣĪΪѾԶȫק˿
ˣֱӳĪֱ۾Ǻҧһڡ
ݴ͸Ƥ˺Ѽ⣬ۡ
Īһԣ¶һεЦݣԲ𡣡
᰿ˣſЦˡ
˿ҲˣɴĪվһ𣬽ץ֣Ǿһɡ
ħɫ䣬˻־ҪѼһ׽ˣɲ顣
ֻʱͻ
ȴǶˣߵĪߣһץͰĪ˳ȥ
飬ǼûΣʲôƨѡԼˣҿûѣһȥ
˵ţһ㶼顣
ĪסˣɵˣоԼĿڱݺݲһ̲סһѪ˳
ΧĴЦĪԼɵһ㡣
쵰
Īţ۾ʪת˲ˡ
Ѿմ
澺߿ħѪɽħ˹˹֣λҲˣ澺ѧԱĪʲôϵ
ħ˼һ£˵ͷ
߲˵ʲôץűһ𣬳Ī׷˹ȥ
Цʱûֹͣⳡ־ЦԷǡ
֣
ħٴεʱв˷˳Ȼǿߡ
ҶԼǿҲȻС
ħץǲԣϵĶǿɲħѪɽġһӻڵҲɵӣ֮ĴУ϶ıǽץ壬Щˣǿɾʲôˡ
ʲô˼ħü
ץԣϵĶҪ

˵֮ħ̲סɫ䡣
ħ֪ȥ϶Ҫ⣬ȵץסߣ
һ£ߵλλ
ħСˣȻΪǿ
סǡ
˭Ҳܰߣҵġ
˷׷׳֣һѷĶǳѹѹһƬ
ϲ˿η֮ɫ
վһȴһ˿Цݡ
ۿλħѪɽλѾǰʱǰһΰӰ
ĳ֣λλסˡ
˺ˣ
ŭһɢ貵Ľâ͵һץͰѿռ˺÷顣
˴ʧɫȴȫܿһƿء
ȫʬһá
뵽ʲôȴѵ


1565 صϢ
ĻΪȭȭͬʱȥһλħѪɽλؿڡ
˵壬ǵĥǵꡣ
λħѪɽλ˲䱻ɱ
ʬ֮Ужôķ̣Χ˶̲סһ
˭
֪˭һҲͬʱʡ
ǰ̫ǿˣǿΪʲô
£ֱ£ոյһλȫһӦλսħţѾȫ֪Ǻãǿ֮˵۷Ĵˡ
׽ǿǰκλᡣ
ѾЩη塣
һЩǱصǿߣ׷ȥ˼ĳη塣
ȥ׽Ǿˡ
˿̵ȴǻ˿еʬ壬ó«ƿ߶Ͱʬ˽ȥ
«ʬΪкô
һУħһָǵץס
ˡ
Ӱһͳħȥ磬˺գ̤Ǻӡ

ħ󾪣ԶǷɱӴܡ
ûӳȥֻһ޴ĽɫƴһѾץס
ƴȴǯһһ¶ޱȡ
ˣץˡ˵ţһһħӵ˵ϣȻһ̤ıϣɽһѹεġ
ħѪɽŹġħɫ
ҪϻˣħѪɽŹңҲŹħѪɽġ˵ţȻһץסħԴңģ
ءԭ֪ϢߣԶ֪ġҿ鱨˽ˣҪǸ˰صϢɱң
ħ˵ţĻû˵꣬ȵɱԸңɱԸΪֹˣҲʲʲô
ͷħꡣ
ʬ壬ٴα«
ɱħѪɽûԸҰصϢȫɱˣһ
ǣˡ
ӦһħѪɽǿȥ顣
˶ֶθסˡ
Ĺ֮£һħѪɽǿ߿ʼ䣬ѪȾǿա
ɱң֪ȥˣҡһֻͬǾȻħѪɽʮŻħ壬˿ŵȫ̱˵ϣ廹ڲ
⻰Ӱһħǰ֪ȥˣ
ǣǣ֪رߵʱҲڳħæ˵˿ȫҲ˲ôˣֻ
˵ȥˡɽɢźâħ忴ö亹ֱð
ءرȥˡ죬뿪֮ħͳ˧ΪѾɱ˰أҪҵԪڴǸոհѰصʬԪ磬֮еͽˡ̫ǿˣֻһͶӰɨһۣʱץǵЩ˾ȫˣץصʬӡ
ħ̿ޱȵ˵ţȫ˿
٣
Щţصʲôݣô񻨷Ѿ޴٣Ѱصʬӡ
ص޷ȷ
Ұɣ֪Ķ˵ˡħٴĵ
ħ壬תˡ
ħϲΪڱסһɾʱɱͲҪʬˡ

ħţֻоһ͵ؾͰƬ
ܣѾѻȸ
ܣһǿߣߵأҲҪץסңҴӴԪıô
꣬Ǵ˿ﻹӡ
ᣬᣬǾǸպ·
ѽ£Ҿȸˡ
ιι˵ʲôˣͻȥ

תۣ˷׷ߡ
ҲûпȥǾ뿪
ˣֻһˡ
š˵ͷһһָҵ鵶ȫһ
򣿡
ħѪɽķҪħѪɽһĽѵ
ǣˡ
˵ţشӹ鵶
ȫڵûзѾʹĿռһơ
Բ֮⿰ǿ
ƣ
һһնȥǺӣʱա


1566 쾳
Ŀռ飬Ϊ촷ۡ
ЩЩ˵ǿķƣҲֻǱٵһЩ
ˣһǻħѪɽһҪħѪɽһΪ
ңԶħѪĹħѪĹռ˳ˡ
˭
ţ˫ֳһ滤ܵħѪɽĹǰ档
ֻꡯһǻܾǻΪ˷飬Ҳ͵ر˳ȥ
һǿԽϵҲĵʣ޼˿ȫľˡ
ֻǱĿռѷ죬绮Ǻʱճӣһ·ӵħѪɽĹǰԲӳ֣˿ȴȫ޷ϡ
ħѪɽ˷ɵѷǰ¶˻֮̿ɫ
˶һʣ׷ʲô
ħѪɽ֮ڣʣλͳ˧Ҳ׷׷˳Ƕλ񾳽磬ܸܵһĿֲ
ԲԲ񼶱Ĺ
һţЩţΪ֮汾Դ뷢ӳĹʵ̫ˡ
˭ܷӳĹ
ܿ죬Ϣʹ
һҲ״ħѪɽȻܱ߼ȥ
־һɷĵ۾ħѪɽⳡʷǰľ޴ѡ
֮棬𾪡

˿̵Ѿ뿪Ԩ뿪ħѪɽ
γһ꣬ͻƵ˽۾磬൱ѧԺʥɾ磬ڵóԸ
ããǿ֮УһҺͨķɴ֮УΧһ飬ʲô
Ѿ뿪ħѪɽһǧˡ
ˣҪȥѯʵ˿ΧͼѾһƬͼäĵش
ȥһֻҵĵطҳΪ쾳˵ţǰҫҫ۵İ׹⣬ǽڵһ֮󣬳ֵĵһ⣬һǧǰżȻʱﻹĮʱڣոյǻʱҹԭʼԴΪƣǾӣһȥӦýһȽǻ۵Ľ׶Ρ
⻰Щڴ
ǰһ޴ؾ磬һֱ
ؾʮž޴ÿһֱеİٱСһֱѾеļǧСɢųȵĹâΧ䵱źǵá
ЩѾˡ
߰ɣſͬʱʼԴҲȥһ򿴿˵˷ɴһȥ
䵽֮ϡ
û뵽ôȥϵ¶ȵǽ˲٣ǰҸոʱ¶ܴﵽʮʮȡתλãӦþһߵʱڣ¶ȴֻʮȳͷӡ˵š
Ҳһ£ֻоŨҪһߵöࡣ
Եı־ϵľʢߵǧףСҲڰҡ
߰ɡ
˵ţ֮Ѿһ޴ĳǳأǽа֮ߡ
ϴδʱЩǳػûг֡
ǳ֮УϵӡһǰĽѾһңŮһװң˫⣬ָ޳ʣ༫ΪƵһ塣˵һЩͬĵطǾѪҺɫģͷҲֳ̺ɫ
˼һ£ϵװʼı䣬ʲôĺܿ뵱졣
Ҳ
߽˳ǳأǼΪ֣Ľֵа׿һ׶ߺ˳Ķ˿ŴšЩ˵ϣȻܸоתֵȫһЩ̣ʹõ־ȻǵĻ֣ЩװʵҲ͵غʱڱȽơ
ķչˮƽҲغǸʱڡ
ʱЩϵҲǸոսʯʱһǧȥµӣҲŽ൱غʱڵˮƽǵ࣬ʯʱһ֮󶼽Ǽʱ˵ţǿռǧ꣬Ҳ壬ӵеǻ۵޼
ͣһ£ǰȥ
ֵôµȴԶԶسغʱڡҸոʶ򣬷񾳽ĿǧˡеѾﵽ۷壬Ϊû֮ɵĹͻ硣


1567 
ϣѾ۷Ĵڡ
֮Уȴԭ׶Ρ
˵κһ쾳ͳΪס
ţ߽һҵ̡
ҵ̵ֻ󣬽ȥ֮ȴǷ澹Ȼġ
λˣļˣϰЦеѯʵǻıǿһģѴʯƶɣ࣬᲻ɴݣӼбر֮
Щ֮Աǣҡҡͷˡ
ˣôˣǺӣ̲סѯʵ
û뵽µôϣˮƽȻһˮƽʵʧε̾˿
Ҳ֪˵ʲô
߳ȥ˼ҵ̣һֵҲͿ쵽ͷˡ
µӣ֪ôˣȥ룬Ӱ𽥱䵭һʧ˽ֵϡ
ٴγֵʱһ޴Ĺǰ
д֡
칬
ʵһͼݡ
ﱻǿųռţԴʷ칬ģκ˲ð칬ΪУҲд칬ڵĽ˸Υ
⻹һЩ칬Ĺ涨칬һ֮ڽֹ֮ġ
һǧ֮ٴοԼµĹȴǷûжı䡣ΨһЩ仯ĵطӦþ칬Χ޽ͼڵĽΪĿһн칬˾Ȼȥⲻĺ档
ⶰǰ
дšʥ֣湩һˣȻмơ
ʥ֮ڣϵĹţߺš졯֮ʡ
ˣǼĵط
ţǵġ˵ͷʱԺŴ졣
߳ʥ칬
ֻ鼮̺࣬伮ֻһѡ
ʱҲһЩ˵˵
칬Ժ󻹲֪Σϧôʥ䡣
û취ִҪ칬Χ޽ǽ칬ΧΪУܷ
Ѿ´ˣΪ˰칬Ҫ򡣡
Ĵڣϣɡ
һȺ˵ţ̾Ϣѣܾһν칬ˡ
⻰üͷ
ȡ˼˵ļ䣬֪ǰ
ԭѾһǧ꣬λֻϵĵܵܣۣΪų˭֪λһжαװġٽ蹩˳֮ǰλᣬȴǰ칬еĸ伮ֻʮ꾹Ȼ֮۷壬ȥ䣬ıλܵУԼҲΪǿĴڡ
ԼַΪԿطۼһʮֵûаȫУܾûеڶ˻һ칬нȡλáԸɴһݣð֮ҲҪ칬ƿԼС
ȥ
ռ任Ѿ֮С
ɾʱĴȴǱȻײһϷİŮӵɳɫѪҺһء
ΪŮõǰһ¡
ôĵӣȻҼٰŮдϡһޱȷŭķ˳
ִ߱λҶҲŭȵɺҸոûһСˣ첻Ҳ
ʱ򣬹߳Ŀӡ
Ҷ˿ųЦҸ絹һŮھȻΪ𣬲ϧŮֻԪΪɱҲֻ
ҶУ칬ΪУ첻Źġҧгݵ
죬ģҲŲôʲô־ȥ칬ۿ伮Ҳ룬Щƶ񿴵칬ĵ伮ǻԸһƶôԣҪҰҪҪ׻ΪҶҵڷ칬֮һɢ伮ռȫ١ĻԺҲû׵߸ҶϵĽɽˡҶɭɭ˵ѳסˡ
ߣȻʷϵķ廹Ҫݶ֡
ҲȷʵҶλޱȹ̣ȴҲʹķչǰֺ˵״
ɱŮˡҶӹһѽԼֳµȥֳ֣Ůǲ˿
ǣϡ߽ӹҪ֡
ɾʱ򣬳ע⵽ǰֵʹľ˵һ䣺ң


1568 칬
һ
ʱߺҶҲע⵽ǰͻȻֵˡ
λ°ͣʵʲô֣
ľٶסˡ
ߵһھۡɢʥĹâ¡
ңҽҶӰ
Щսս˵
ҶӰţվֿҶողôҾ⡣
˭ɶʱˣҶסЩԡ
ˣ˵죬ģ˵
ʲôҶס߶ޱȣǴ죿ⲻܣֻһ˵
ⲻһ˵˵ţһǧǰ쾳ľſ棬һ칬ΪӡһǧǰҴããջˣȴҪµ칬ΪԼĺ԰֪ڵ뷨
Ҷ⻰̲סһ顣
ɱǴ졣
⻰һذֱȡʺ
Ҫ֣ȴֹ
ΪԳˣֳһ㣬һסߣƯ֮УȻ˷ֺ
߻֣̿֡
Ҳ񾳵Ϊ˿ȴһСһ

ĵ
ᣬ˼һ¾⡣
ߵ֮ڣʼıߵṹֻߵ忪ʼҲʼëβͣȻľȻһƹĶ

˵ʲôȴǴ˹е
һ˦ӵһߡ
˴˿ѾŵĻ겻壬Ҷһ԰ףְ˱ɹֶΣֱǷ˼
ҶӰһ£붼͹¸ߺμ졣
Ů⻰ҲǵͷͰݣҳɰ֡
Ҷ֪Ҫ㣬ǰ֮˵壬㷴֮ģתܡ
ߣǲ̫ˡ
˵ţָһһסҶת۾Ͱ仯Ϊһֻ
ҶϼѾ۷ĴڣǰȴֵûС
֨֨
ţҵһˡ
Ҳᣬû˰ҶһӾֻһֻ
ɡ
˵ţֿ˿ҶӰλع飬ÿ򶼻ѡһ˴֪ԸԸҵʹߣ
ҶӰ⻰붼Ը⣬Ը⡣
˵ͷһҶӰ壬ʼΪ
ʱ䣬ֻԪҶӰȴһ·ͻƵɾ磬Ϊϵĵһλˡ
֮еǿĸоҶӰѣǵͷݵл衣
˵ͷ촦飬ʱһҾͻ㡣
ǡ
ҶӰӦ

ȥ˸
˸ķչȴǲ첻СһȻǺܶʢǿƼķչȴ뵽ʱһֲ֪ʲôʱ˱죬ӵ칦ܵࡣһǡǡ෴Ƽʲôķչ仺ȴǳ࿰ɵĴڡһȻ˶λɽȻֺʣ㵱ʱһ롭
ҲǸпѡ
ÿһҲѡһλʹߣΪԺԼЩ鹵ͨ
ҽһΪ쾳סɡããǿ֮У
õģˡһླĿ칬һѵ顣
һ֮һΡ׳Ĺˡ
֮Уһǳɢ˵Ĺâڰǿնôһĵط
ſϵ඼оʲôǶ̲ס̧ͷ졣
죬һǴ죡
ˡ
Ҳ£һǴסĵط

Ĺʮֵ⣬ʵҲǰ˼ġ
ʽҵĵˡ
ţգ޵ıת˰쾳һǰҲֻһ
ң죬ˡ
˵ţſ鶼̲סزΰݡ
ң󣬽
˵ţţ̲סм
ʲôǴ
ǰ칬ģҲֻСѡ
ԵߣҴ칬С
˵ʱǱֻһĹҫҫ۵Ĺâ֮жǳһӰ
ڣȥʹ뵽칬
ǣ
ӦӰһÿһǳ֮ϡ


1569 
УҶӰһСкĽҶۣϾҪȥ̷ˣͽˡλ̫żģԺΪ
㣬ҲҪߡ
СкԼȣ
ҶλҳԱ¾룬СܻҲˡ
̫۶ͽˡ
ҶӰ˵ţȻҲЩᣬȴò뿪
ʥȻܡ
һúøСӣϹѡѾʮϵһʮϣʵĺܡ
ãҾͷˡҶӰ˵š
ʱһɫĹâ͸ҶӰ
ҶӰʹȥ칬
ǣˡ
ҶӰϵ֪ˣ˿ĵ
߰ɡ
˵ţһӾ;ҶӰֱããգټ
ʱŻȻѣæСӹ

һϡ
ͽǣҪȥʹˣǺΪ֮³˷ܵ˵
档
һȺͽͽǣ׷׹ݣЩĽĿŷʵ档
Ҳһ
칬ڣλʹһ
ǡ
˵ţ˽뵽˴칬֮ڡ
˿̿Ƕλϵ˷׷׹
ɡ
˵ţһоͷ˾ˡ
ԼʱҲվһǰͳʮӰ쾳֮УһʮʮΪǡǡǡȨǡǡǡҡǣǡԪǣԼŴںǡ
ϸţҿ
Ǿſ򣬴͵ʹߡϾſԺǴΪѲءͬʱǻһǾΪѰŽ칬С
ǡ
ӦʹȨν
ΪʹҲΪ׼һЩҪĶ˵ţǰ˾öָʹõĿռָǧĴ洢ռ䡣棬ѾһҺǼķɴ칬ԼѲص򡣡
ɴ
Ȼ֪ʲôȴҲо˾һĶ
ǹǵһÿ˴һƪʲô磬ͿԼ컯ˡ˵ţг˾űɫĲӣǼ¼֮ѼľֺĹÿһԳɾͲླ硣
űؼַȥѾȲĿ
ҶӰֵһħԪĹⱾһԿķţһЩħӰӡ
³õһĹҪľշ
˵õķҲǵȼ͡
лͣ
ٴΰлжѾĤ
ڸż߳˹˺һƵĵطҿٵһؾؾһ̶ˮԻءгˮ̺żǿĹЧԴ壬ָΪһСʱ˵𻯳Ҳ˶١
󣬸ޱȡ
Ϊʹÿʹһδء칬еˣҲԻһνĻᡣֻһЩţ´͵˲ſԵڶʹôءţʵ֮еĳˮǱģ«ʬγɵһӪҺˮ
ˮ̺ǿǶԼǴ档
ˣǳΪʹĵһ죬һνеĻᣬǷԸȥС
Ը⡣
Ը⣡

˵ͷǴӴسҡ
һ֮󣬾˻ˡ
ܸо˵Ϊ˲٣ΪҶӰҲһ߼
Ƕ³ţû񾳺£ȻԼ˺һ·˰ɾ硣ٸʱ䣬ȫԼͻƵɾ硣õ淨ʹôصʱͿʼУȻͻƵ˵ɾ硣
ܺã֮ǰڴ칬ʮ꣬ڼκβĶѯҡ
ǡ
˵ţ׷¡
˵ͷʵʮҲǸЩһϤĹ̡
ʱȥʮҲһš
ڶ˵Ϊ˵ܺգ쾳Աȴ㹻ˣȥΰɡ
ǣ졣
Ӧɴˡ
ʱˮתһȥվڴ칬Ĺſڣһ򣺡Ҹûȥˡ
̲סһģ


1570 ع
һ£ֱڶûж˵Լ
ѧԺ
˵ţ֮Щ羴֮ɫһֱûи˵ʵѧԺѧγΪ˰ɷ۳ҵĿĴﵽˣҲûȥˡ
ˣµĴУҪѧԺѧƺЩ⣬ܾԼѾĴڣֻҪ˵ĽŲԺɾ;Բ͡
ʲôѧԺôȡ
㲻ѧԺûô򵥡֮߳ɾҲ񾳽磬ѧԺ֮УʦСһѧԺ֡˵ţڵĳɾͣҪлѧԺûѧԺûҡ
ѧԺȻôǿ󣿡Щš
Ժ׵ġ룬쾳ѧԺҵܴﲻʧҿһ£Ժͳפ
ǣˡӦֻһܣȻΥ˵
Ҿͷˡ˵ͷ

ǿУһҷɴڻʻš
ҷɴ֮УǿεɫЩء
ˡ
ǰ׶ǵսܼͣ顣ػ֮У˺
˵ţɴѧԺͼڡɡַҫ۵Ĺâ˶Ϊ֮һ
ػ֮еһһȻ󼤶糤ô˵Աŵִ֣Ѳ񡣡
ǵģһˡ˵ţ֮гһ˵Ļ᳤ƣҫ۹â
УСŵʱҲһɣ
û˵ʲôݷɴʻ˵
ս֮еŵּޱȣһǵĻ᳤ˡ
ô˶һӵʿֵָŵǰһ
ʲôոջûеġŵַһʮָߵƿùذǿƿʱһʮŨϢ˳ŵͺסƿ
ﰡ
λʿѾ
ŵʱʲô뿪ķǺлл᳤лл᳤
⻰һȺʿĽ

ɽС
ûлѧԺǵһʱص˼
һȥû뵽ȴûô仯ҼҲԭӡţ˼ţ边ȻڣҲ֪ȥˡ
˼һ£˳
ʼ⻹Ǻѧġ
۶ȥĸȻһ־УΪĸһٷʲô˵顣
ڳ֮æţûʹκεһͨһ
ĺôȥԼòôꡣ
Ȼſˡ
һ긾Ů߽ԺӣԿ²ûλ긾Ů¶ٺۼ
һ£ųĳٵ˹ȥ
֮еˣͷ¶һЦݣ裬ˡ
÷ʱ۾ʪȥͱסȻĺ󱳾ͺ˼£ⶼˣС쵰֪ǲҪ衣
ĸһ緹
ؾ˵һԼ֮еļţһЩȤĵط÷̲סЦ
裬ȥһǸϵǻƽʯǶֶ췿ݡһرĸЦֻҪ˵ѻͻ˶׷ġ
Цˡ
ǵȻ֮治У˽⵽治ǱɽһǶѡ

һ֮ȥѧԺ
ѧԺ֮Уŵںͼ˴ţûУ糤͸ҵġ
糤ˣ
ⶼһˣ糤Ϊ˰ɷ۳ڲ֪ɹûС
ô׵ģһԪһҲͼ۳һȷƾһȷɾͲģǿһûС
һȷ̫ѣм񡣡

ʱһ˹
ǡ˾ѧ
Ļˣ
˶Χ˹ǿһĶǺ治ѡ
ʱŵ˳˹᳤ңСŰصʱһк
㣿
һ£˿ŵ֣㲻ػѲôôˣ
ŵص᳤ҿû͵ҵѲͽˡ
˵ͷ˵ʲô
ŵֿҪ뿪ЩŤǸ᳤ܲһ⣿
ʲô⣿
Ŀŵ֣Ц
ǲͻƵʥɾ磿
ŵЩսսȻֻæҺǴģҶһͻˣȻҪǲش𣬿Բشġ
ΧҲ˶䣬ǶڵĻش


1571 
һ£û뵽ŵֻʳ⡣
Ҳֻ΢Ƭ̣ЦҪϲ㣬ҪӮˣȷʵͻƵʥɾ硣
ģ
ŵ˷ǻ᳤Ҳʥɼǿˣ
һǧأյóԸ
ţҲǸд
˵Щʱ򣬿ԸܵΧ˵ľȣŵǰɣһе飬æˣȥš
õġ
ŵӦҪϢԱ
˵ľ֧ԽǿѧԺĵλҲԽߡ
һ·Ժ칫ҡ
ˣ
վϸΪܿĲ̲ͬסǳ޵ȻûԺʧڿһˡ
Ҳãʱõ֮ĴУͻơ˵Ժأûгô
ûС۵˵ͷ֪ϢһʱԺڿҪʧˡ
Ǻðɡε̾һȻˣȥæ顣ˣѾڻ·һݱ棬͵Ժ䡣
֪ˡ۵˵ͷ
ˣ˿ͨ˺ܶࡣ
ԵĸоĲͬǰܸһŰĸоǸҴ칬ӡڵâѰ˵ĸоȴӵĸˡ
ڵǳ˷֮ĺӡ
˵ڵأʱһЩ˹
ûˣŰ칫ĵطǽɡһӵ˵ţ¶ϺͲ϶ϸܵƬܲһ㡣
Ӻ˸˵
ӽ㣬ĻѪ
ѧԺʱʵܿ죬һ꾹ȻѾԪɾ֮۷壬ǿͨʥһս
һ֮УѧԺŵѧŵǰ
ͬʱҲһʼįˡڳвʱ򣬾һţ˼ǲͬڴڵ壬Ϊơר࣬ȴר壬塢ȺѧǳΪŵһԱ
棬ѧԺŶԽӵĵ͵ȨҲڲϵɡ
֮ĦҲԽԽࡣ
ʱѧԺ͸ŻֹԵİ칫ص㣬ѧᣬҲŲд١
Ҫˣ˵˾Ҫȡ֮ΪµųԱ
̫ˡŴ񣬲ô׺ġ֮Ϊ˵ĸ糤˿еɫá
ѧ֪ѧԺѧԺһѧôɽв˳ɧ꣬ǵʱѾȥˡƽ˵ţȻѾͻƵʥɾ磬ֻʥһ潻ɵİտԻ㡣
ɣԣ֮üͷзŭ
㣬㲻Ҫţ糤Ѿˣ糤ҲͻƵʥɾ硣ŵں󺰵ʵһˣһֱûҵ˵Ļᡣ
˿Ҫֵ֮˼֮İˣǼæ
ˣһȻȴЦôδڵʵֻҪΪʥϣҶһս
⻰˵Աߡ
Ķһս
ʱһ
˶ǿ˹ȥȻв¶˾ϲɫ
Ļˣ
糤糤
糤ˣ̫ˡ
˵һȺԱǼޱȣ׷˵
˵ͷȺ˹һֱߵǰ

һüͷԼȻȫ͸Ϊ
ң˵Ҫ˵İ칫أĮ˵ţ㣬ҲЩ𾪶Է츳Ȼô̵ʱ˾硣
ôôߵ
ԣӮҾСЦ
á˼һ£ͷߣȥ̨һս
ˣУ㲻õĴ򻵶ȴǾܾ
ȻˣǾɡ˵ţһƳצͳץ˹ȥһץ֮¾ȻҪƬն˺
ܿһֺǿĹ
֮Ҳǰ𾪣ʵȷʵʥɼѧһսˡ
᳤䶨ˡ
һȺѧǷ׷׽кȻϣȡʤ
ɾʱȴǶˡ


1572 һ
ֻͬҲȥһֻ֣͵һץ
ֻãã֮УһڶˣΧĹⰵռ䣬ʣһȫɡ
һڶǰҲ֧飬С
飡
Ĺɵǿжϣ͵ؾǺĲ
ʱһץһס˵㣬ûˤڵء
ػ糤ע¡
ЦţûмС
˿̵ѾĪͷ϶ǳһϸܵĺˮģڸߡ
᳤զˣ
˲ողǻúõô
ϻߡ
䣬ͷ뿪ˡ
ּȵĲֲ뿪
˸ɣͶˡ
֮УһȺԱ׷״Ц
ɣɡ
󺰵
߰ɡ
֮˵߽ŵİ칫

磬Ű칫ĵط
糤ոô£ʵ
ǿ̫ǿˡҧҧҸûпλһС˺졯ģ͸оҵĹǰͻȻʧһŵ糤ȻôöԸġ
ôǿ˻ǲš
ǲҲã֣ʶԼĲ㣬ұøǿСŰɣͻƵʥɾһ죬սʤʱ򡣡룬ԼһĿꡣ

뿪һǧ꣬ˡ֮˵һˣһ˱øǿԺܺ
ֻҪڣ˾̩ɽ֮룬˵
ЩռһЩһΪŵķչʣһ㡣룬ˣЩΪ׼ġ
˵ţóƷ
һѳȻǶױԴ
һˮװķ֮Ĵõģʺ֮
ãˡ֮ûŤŤģѶյԼĿռ䷨棬ЩķչѾһݵһԼһ¡
šͷ

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ֻǣʦѧԺ
ΣʱȥѧԺѧԺйص˶Ҫ
е㶫һ㡣˵š
ѧ֤ԼһƷ棬ܻ˵š
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Ҳ֪ѧܶһ٣
һȺ˵ȫһĬĬؿ
ҪһƷеࡣ룬˵
׵Ʒܶһ㡣ܻѵûĻҪһƷһڡ
á˵ʲôһоණ˴ڡ
Ǵʵ󣬲ȴ̺ռ䷨֮Ƿһȥŵ¡
ܻ˿һ£ĶȻȫǱнǧ
ɨ֮󣬻ԭʮһױԴһױԴʮ˼ϼƿԶһ3402㡣
֣ΧѾһ
ǧİٶ㣬һĸвѧô㡣
ɾʱֻȴóĶЩһһˡ
ְʮļУߵȼѾﵽ˶ױԴ
ԭʮһױԴױԴһϼƿԶһ1400㡣ܻ˻˵
ֻôôüͷȴǲ⣬ЩһҶһˡ
ֻһСɽƵĶС
ЩһЩĲϣһЩټıռĹ֮ġ
ƷһǧʮƷٰʮ߽Ʒʮļ˽ƷƷĶһ۸ͬڱͷҪݾƷܻۡ˵ţǰСɽһߵƷʾֵ
һȺ˿;ˡ
ֻǲǳȥ˾ްԼȻŪô౦
һԶһ12292㣬ۼƾ17094㡣ܻ˸һֵ
֣˶ǵһ
öࡣ
ѧԺһҲͼǧ㡣
һǧ㣬ѧԺôĶˡ
ɾʱһͨ淢ÿѧնϣͨݣѧǾޱȡ


1573 츳
ѧԺв꼶ѧһȷɾʥɾ磬10000㣬ش˱ãʹ
ѧԺв꼶ѧһȷɾʥɾ磬10000㣬ش˱ãʹ
ѧԺв꼶ѧһȷɾʥɾ磬10000㣬ش˱ãʹ

Ϣ顣
һȷ
ʥɾ磡
֮Ϊ˵ڶһȷˡ
ѧԺΪ֮𾪡
㿴ϢʱѾɫ԰ף춼û˵һ仰
ͻƵʥɾ֮ȥսȴһĶûˡ
һȷǾѹͷһɽڶû㹻۳һȷ
֮У˿ǳ˳ݡ
ȴЩǿԼһ㣬ﵽ˽ӽĵز
ѧԺһȷѧ˳ɾ͵ѧһ㻹ǸߵĿ¡
ҪһһЩ
룬˴㡣
һʲô
ܻǰһ壬ѧԼնҲܲ鿴
츳Ƭ
˵˿츳Ƭֲһ䣺㣬ȫһ
ʥɾ֮ԽӸо츳Ҫԡ
ܻ˵˵ͷ㿪츳ƬĶһ档
츳ƬĶһ۸Ϊÿ1000㣬ֻǰһӵ߿鿪ʼ۸ӵÿ2000㡣ڵʮ֮󣬼۸ٴﵽÿ5000㡣һ29008㣬ǰѾһ츳ƬĿ飬ȫһĻÿԶһʮһ츳Ƭ
ܻ˻˵ţҲгһһ
ǰ飬һ۸Ǹ1000㣬2000
飬һ۸Ǹ2000㣬12000
飬һ۸5000㣬15000
ۼƻ㣬29000
˵ͷû⣬һɡ
˵֮ǰͶʮһװµĺӣ츳Ƭ
ܻʱѵ츳ƬֻԼʹãܸˡ
֪˵
ƶȣΥ˿ֱܻӱ
ѧԺԴĴᡣ
е㻨ĸɸɾ뿪ˣ˵ʱ򶼻֮С
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صԼסǰʮһ츳Ƭڴ
֪
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츳ƬǼ츳ѧǼ
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ʮ츳Ƭ츳ѧ漶
ĿǰѧԺĻѧ츳ʵҲϵѡ
˵ӵ漶츳ѧԺͳɾͶܴﵽ񾳽硣
ѾʹùĿ츳Ƭ츳Ǹոտϵżǿﵽϵ
ֵõʮһ츳ƬȫһٰԼ츳򼶱ˡ
ʲô츳Ǿһ֮У츳ڶļ߼ʮˡ
ȻֻԤ
ʵϣܱĿҪ١
Ͼоӵȼ츳ܶûгɳΪԭˡ
ûгɣͿʼں츳Ƭ
һ츳Ƭ壬ڸꡣ
ʱȥת۾һ¡
һ۾оԼǰȫһˡ
ĸܵΧռ·ܵʱǰĺۼַܵΧ
ǰ磬Ǳ΢֮һ
Ҳһÿһë׶޼ɵſţһС͵ĺڶϵΧ
֮УǻһڶС
츳Ҳɷַ츳
ֱ仯ŻŶȥ
֮æͷŵ鶼ҪҪ
糤ˣŵֵһע⵽
ˡͷ
糤һӶһʮһ츳Ƭ˾޴ĺ䶯츳ǲ򼶣ŵЩڴʵΧҲ˶䡣
Ҳ棬ʲô츳
˿ŵ֣һﻹǹԵġ
츳ѧԺ֮Уǵһﵽ츳ģ̫ˡŵ˷ޱȣֱԼˡ
֪˵ʲôãʱյһϢ
˵ˣпվ۾ô
һϢķߣȻǺ
ĻܾΪ˵ʵ̫࣬ɾʱһϢ
ȻǺ󷢹ģҦܡסĽǣʱ򶼻


1574 һǧͬѧۻ
֪Ǳȥһˡ
ҲȷʵüЩͬѧˡ
ǻظʱص㷢ңһ׼ʱġ
һӣյ˻ظϢ
һº󣬸ɽʮ죬Сء
߶һ£㲻پᡣ
ʱ仺ȥһҲǵָһӡ
һ죬ɽЩͬѰѧԱ̧ͷߵʮ졣
˵ôѧԺѧҪСؾۻᡣ
ţ˵μӵĶѧԺ
ȥЩѧԺѧķɣ˵ЩѧΪ͵ĶԪɾ

ʮ֮ϣһռĶˮ̶
ˮ̶أأԳ֮ΪСء
ΪˣȻˡ
˿̵ҲѾͻƵʥɾ磬һţһͷƼһ㡣
ȻһΪӳˡ
ӳֵ˲䣬ǰֳǹ⣬Ȼò¶
ˡò˵һǹúܡ˵ţЩĽ
󣬱˲֪һ֪㡣һģѪͨѾһֲּľ磬ͻƵɾ磬̬ܳת䣬ʱ̫ƿ޾ͨ棬ܵСȴǰһۺ֪Ǳ޴ԺĳɾδԼ֮¡
വ꣬˼ôһ˺ѿռ䣬˳ҦܣǶһͻƵʥɾ磬ֻһԪɾ磬ǲ
ǺǣҾЦЦ˵˰֣ЩĵĿҦܡ
ԪɾַȴٳٲԸͻʥɾ磬Ҫʲô򷨹һڵʵɲ⣬˵ԼһӻԶ˹˻ûȴǴ
죬˼ôҦܿŹˣߺߵ˵Ҹʲô򷨹һ㲻ҲǸʲôкһôôϽľˮ֮໥תϢǲҪͻˡԺǲҪдۡ
ΧٺŵѾ
ǰֵһѧԺѧ̫ǿˡ
ˡʱһЩɣֻǾȻס
þòȵĻǲҪˣҪǳһǿ򡣡
һ㡣˵ţС
ˣˣгӭһµôҿǴ˺öһЩƤֻһ괩һ˹ȥǶôô
ƣɶ
ٺ٣ǸʱĶͷҸոմԱһԵġЦŵ
󣬶Щڴ
ţ˹ˡ
ö˰ҪǰǶˣҾͷˡһϤ𣬲˶Ǵһ
СħŮСˣҿ˺󡣡֪˭һ˾ȻаȾܵĳ嶯
ԽԽࡣ
֮ߡ
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ӴүӹǻӲʲ
үѧԺѧʱҾ̲סҪЦˡ
ƣˡ
ģء
Сɣôһˣ˵˵̸ôһ
ȥ쿴ǲǵô
ĭĭˣһ

һѧܱ߶ˡ
еѧѾȲĺѧò֡
ʱһӰԶ֮һ㣬ֵһ˲䣬ض

˾ҲǷ׷׿˹ȥ
һϮȹСһ漴϶һĨЦݡ
˼ôҾõˡ˵ţ˿֮ɶʱصģô˵һ
죬ŽۻҪˣû֪ͨ㡣֮ص
ɣǡЦЦӭȻŵСԱߣҾͲˡ
Щ껹ðɣСȿź뿪ѯʵ
áҲ֪ô˵ﲻ֪СϲԼˣҪлл㣬Ҳڵʱ򣬾ȥ衣
ӦõģӦõġǣҲšСЩ״
˵ˣҶСȡ
ʱм˺Ȼ̧ͷա
ﾹȻһСķǲϸֲˡ
ĽǵĽѧңɶʱ񵭵һǳ֮ץסСķ
һΪûܷأЩһȷ򣬻ǿɷѧǱ̬һͿСķֳһ⣬ȻһɫȹŮӳˣĽϵɫȹҲһ·ÿƼֶδķװ۵Ķܻ𱬡
ʱȫˡ


1575 
һȺȫ£нˡ
ʢʵѵһ
ǸԪɡʥ֮ҲȺɾۻˣԺ󴫳ȥһ׮̸˵̲סһһǶ¡ЦЦһָƣСӣҼǵǽɶǱԺƭŪϵɽҪҪġ
ҪҪģԺ·˵ġңʱ򷲸ҺɨҰǰŷһ˴ʮʱҾ±ˣͷҪΪôˡðɣΪҰԼһ׳ӢģͺһżȥˡЩЦ
̲סǹЦ
ֲСһֱԼôѧԺģԭôܡ̲ס
㣬Цңôѧģֲǲ֪ɽԺѧԺڰϴүָ·˻ʦʱ㱻Ƶһһ㶵ģͰ˻ʦΪʦ֪ܲɣԵķҴѧԺģ㵽ڻΪǻʦġ˵
һСӣԭҴķֲöҲϲԵģǰŻʦӣҾȻһڲʣĳˡߺߵ
Ц
ܿ죬ÿ˶Ĭˣ뵽ԼѧʱȤ¡
磬զѧԺģ
Сɣ֪㣬ǱԺģŽѧԺ㻹ܡ
ʲô֪СΪʲôСħŮôȷʵħԣڸռԺʱ򣬾ҪõͱԺǶһݡ
׾Ͳ˵ˣؼ¿أؼѾ伣ˣ׵֮ȴ쳹Ǻӡ
һɺФ˵˵ǵĸ˹£ѧԺȤ涼Ѿ¼ǵ¼ѧĽء
ۣ컪ļƻ̫ţˣֱԲ˵һΣ
ٺ٣ǲһˣǵʥҪҪվ˵䣿

һȺ˵ţÿ˵ĳȤȤ£˶Цһ
ʱȥЩ˵ˣһȺѧֿʼ˵顣
ǳʲôزˣͬѧۻᣬڵģΪչ¶
ǰչʾһΪص
ҲΪٴﵽʥ߼

ʱ򶼿񣬳˺档
ðɣҾչʾһΪΣֻýΪطʱһǿϢ¶˳
˴˿̶ס
Ϊ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ôʥ弶Ϊɲٶȡ׵һڣĲ²⣬Ӧôﵽʥɰ˼ǾżŶԡ
һѾ̾һûнʲô
ʱҲǵһʱȻЩ
ˣ˵ٱʲôأǾͱϹˡ󿪿ڵȻһˣҦܣ㲻˵ôǰġǧԿ֤ûԪ˵ǵõ˲ѧ֧֡˵ʵڶ˵Ҳ˺档
˵˶ˢˢĿҦܡ
ձΪֻߵȷʶߣȷֻ磬ȷֻ񾳽磬Ψһȷ񾳽磬һȷжһһȷ෴ȷͶȷҪ࣬ѧԺԼĿǰ
ҦȷģǸЩȷͶȷϣ
۵ʵҡҦܳ˼һ£˵ǳ磬ҳΪ˺ƿߺɵĵӡɺоĿżȻ֪˿ݣֻѧԺһ˵û뵽ȴ˷ΪҲǹЦġ
ɺɶоǾ˵۵Ǻеġʱ򿪿ڵҲΪȻ
и⡣ʱһ˲ȻĽɺǲǳԱ˳ŵģôо
󣬶ʱ
оôĿ⣬ôͳԱ˳ŵġ
ʦ˵ʵԺġҦʱЩε
Ժġǵʲôû˵ĽæµľԺˣϾɺҲȫǱ޳ĪǶҸʲôǲвУ˵ģʲôʵ᲻ȤЩ˵ȥҹƶҪ˯ˡ
˿Цãվûˡ
˶˵ˣĽȻ۾һҵһ飬㲻᲻֪СϲɣˣɲɸСɵš
⻰һСضǾ


1576 һ
ЩСȣȻһ
û뵽Ľʱ˵顣
ʲô
˵ˣǱƹӦ
һ˸˵ĻĽңҲֱˬԸ񣬲ŻͻȻڴ˿ѡ
Ǳߣ̲ס͵͵ظĽһĴָ
㣬ǿ
Ʒƣ˿ȴɫأıӻˡ
˿̣ȻϵȴҲǻŵúܡ
Ҳǵһξ֪δ
Ҳ˵ʱʵû֪˵ʲô˵ʲô
ô˵أС֮仹һ㴰ֽ˳ȻĻ֪ɶʱͱ㴰ֽ
ڣĽһ仰Ͱ˵ŵ£ǲ㴰ֽҲˡ
ô˾ͱŤŤġĽ̬Щߺߵ֪㲻ڵʱ䣬Сȷ裬չ̫ʱ䣬Ϊȥ衣ˣϲϲСȣӦøһҾá
Ľ㣬㲻Ҫ˵ˡСʱˢһվɫЩߺΪСħŮѧԺѧǶԼĸ飬ȴȻôɬ
Ľ̾һҡͷСѾͷƽʱӲͦôô˹ؼʱŤŤġϲϲϲǲϲϲ͸֪ܾ㣬ҲģһϡڣĶģ֪ԼҪʲôˡ
⻰Ҳǰͷ
ΪˣСȵȷʵܵӰ졣
Сסˣվ߬ȭͷҪ
·ӣǸҪˣԺ󶼽
СȣھסĽٴοڣȫһ·ˡ
˶һ±ƣǰôûзĪѧô뺷
Ҳǰ״ѾǰСȱƵ˾·ϡ
ף𲻴ӦӴ˽ѳ
СȣˣסФ˼һ£һ˵
Ȼ˷׷׸
˶֧ԼСһĸжҲһЩ
ҡңСȿˣ˵Щ
˵ʲô˵ʲô
ǰ˵ϲ
ʲô˾Ǳܾô

ҶȾһ¡ʱȴǺȻڣȴ˶
һȫ
ʱһĳСȥĲ죬ȴޱȵļᶨʲô
Ҫʲô
˶ܺ棬ȫ
СԽӽЩ֪
һģߵСȵߣСȣϺȻ¶һЦݡ
ôȱףˣҪҲס
˵ţǶС˵ȴǾһ㡣
Ҳס
Ҫף⻭תĺÿ찡
СȸѾסͣϲĪ
Ȼֻصأһľͳһɫõ廨СȣԸŮô
˵ţ΢Ц
Сסˣˮڴת
Χ˶ǻ׶ǰͷ
һ֣ˡ
СȣʲôӦ
һһ𡣡
Ǽ֤СħŮİ顣

Сһֽӹõ廨¶ҸЦݣԸ⣡
˵ţСضǻ
ץסСȵ֣Ȼ˿ңллˣԺһСȺõġ
˶ǹЦ
ճɾ
쵭˵ţЩĽ
еļ¸ǽ֣ԼҪϧԷ
Ҳ׷Լף
ۻᵽҲൽβСȵξۻøӵ壬ɫ١
ѧ֮以ͨޣһЩ
СȣܺһǲҪлңĽ˵ţǿѧԺоһ¶ǲҪɹһЩ
ɹжҶҪˡСȷʵĽ˸мſھǵ
С˵Ǿ򡣡Ҳŵ
ף㵽Ļħʯ˵֮Уⶫࡣ쾪ϲޱȣ˵Ѿ˻ħʯ꣬û뵽ȴ
żȻãҲոյõǧꡣЦЦ
ĭǴһؾ֮еõ౦㿴費Ҫ񻺻
Ǻ鱦˰ɣҵȻҪˡĭ˷ޱȣ棬ղصĺöóûҪģ
ãõġ滹˵ʲôΪԼԼþ

һۻÿ˶ջĶࡣ
񣬸ովۻʱ㲻лҪ˵ôڴҶˣ˵ˡ׵˵ţЩؿ
ʵҲʲô飬һϢܶáЦЦ
ʲôϢ׺档
һ棬ǺӣôһطǸطʧ֮أطи𱩾Ĵڡ˵𱩾ӦȻֻﾳ۷ΪһĽ۾Ķ֪֡һֱѻ۳Ҳ̺֮ǿһĲο
ȻĴڣ
ǧȷ
λøң͵Ƿһ顣
ˣԺ˻򣬻ҺȾơ
á

һº׳ˡ
ʧ֮ؾʵ̫ԶˣٶȸϹȥҲҪǧʱ䡣
һ·ϣ׻ûͣЪ
ת۾һǧ꣬һƬޱȻߵ
ﻷӣҲϡޱȡ
ʧ֮أǹƶġ
ţϵѾӹԶˣʵϵҪԶӡ
ָоﶼҪıԵ
Ӱһ׽ʧ֮֮Уʧ֮ʵһϵ
أʼһҲһЩ
һˣһȺħ˵Ⱥ潨
˹棬ھһ롣
ˣﷸƽǱϱѺ⵽ˣһ˾
ǹȥźǲǾͲܻˣ
֪˾ǵģû˻
ûлųģ˵ǲó
һȺ˶ڲĵȴǵˡ
㳡ǰߴһλϴ̵бڱϣƤ˯˯
׼ĿˡһСС
š
ǰ̺Żۣɨ۹㳡Įͨ׸ΰľɣ
ǣ
µ˵ţһ˽繰һͨ
ֻȥȫʧ
׿һУһ˿ʶŽȥȴǷȻһе˶͵һض
ҲǾڵĵط
Ǹ𱩾ô
ţӰһ뿪Щ˵Ǻܹġ
ڵ֮Ū״


1577 ѧԺĸѧԺ
ţ˵ڶ
ĲǺԶϰٿ򣬾ĶǺԶ
ôôСһϵ棬һܲѧ顣
ЩȻģΪġ
ô˵أһȦֳһ
һεɫϣٷ֮ʮǱɫľǣżĶ䣬޳ָˣǾһ
䡢£ǿսʿͨ򿪵һ̣ǽ֮ͨţаľ֮ءʮ棬ǵǧսˣϣܳɹŮҲȺ顣
ҪǼ룬֪ζʲô
һ˵
Ҫڲϵϵرǿһһɱ
ǣ
Ͱ±ųŵͷȵ
ȴ΢΢ҡͷȺǿսʿ̫ˣǿҲǴﵽ񾳽磬ն
Ȼ֪Ǹʵ贫ʵԲ͡
ȥ϶
һЩǲ
˽⵽ˣ⼸Ӧþλոӣǰˣɱˡ
ʮа˾žǻ𱩾
²⣬Ѿ⡣
ĵػ뵽һȺ֮ڣͨͨһ֮ϡ
ոһ׾͸оΧռһѪȺͱŰϢ
˿Լһ޴Ĺ㳡֮ϣ鶼͵
ڹ㳡Ϸһңǣаӣ˿ץһˣš
ɣǵɳŮ塣ɳŮʲãѪҺȴǼΪĸϲƷ
һǹ
ǾͰǵѪҺҳãԺһƷġ
ڣԾͷ

һȺŮŮ˹ģڲ
ģǲǾǵˡ
˵ţԸ˾ͰһȺŮץȥɱһ㿪ʼ˷Ѫ
š
Щ˷ܵǵŮ壬ŮʮѪҺǷҷޱȡˣǵԽ¶һ㣬ǻԣǱһζ
ţ֪ȷʵζ
˵ͷ뵽ζܻζ
Ů壬ʵҲͰڵ壬˿ǴŮսʿǶˡ
ɱаľΪȥ˱𣡡
ǺţһȺץ𳤹£ļ˾
Ǿȴǳ˲мֻһļǻΪ˷ɻҡ
ͰµɵˣŵĿһĻ
ΪԼѾǿˣаľȴĲһ
ɱ
ţ˵˽ĺŽǡ
ȫûеһȺ̫ˣվŸǿһ顣˼룬ûаŮķһ£Ͼ˭Ҳôģţʱǹˡ
ֻһ㣬֮ͷųŮ˾̶Ҳ޷ֺ
Ͱ³˾
һжˡ
ͷȴǺθˡ

ʱһȻ󣬵ȴÿ˵Ķ档
𱩾ô
ǸƽƺӦþҪҵˣϹȻܵ˻Ϣ
˭˭
𱩾ʢȵĺëըˣоһǿ뵽ȺƷ֮С
ңѧԺס
׻˳һߵͰǰΪʳļһﻹǸ
ʱ򶼿ף𾪲ѡ
ǰޱСļһȻ˵
ѧԺĸѧԺ
𱩾˵ţȻǾѧԺģǸʲôˣңҲӵ
ͬѧ
Ĵˣⲻ͸Լһ飬Ծ󻼡
һ˫Ҳû˭ˡ
ŹΣʵҲûʲôǸ̫ܵҲϲʳ飬Ȼ׷ҲţҪɱҡڣЩƷԼȦģûȥʳ򡣡𱩾˼һ£ȴǿڵ
˾ͬȴġ
ҪӰڻ֮ȥҪ֪Ҳ磬ȴһغ
㳡ϵ˶Ǿѡ
ǿޱȿֲľֻһ֣ȴŵ
ǸѧԺǺεȴڣǺˣȻòһľǹ֣ġ


1578 㡭Ϊ˻
𱩾ĻȴǺߵΪʳǻǾǸɱ˳Ӧ⣬񿴲Ҫɱ㣬ҿȻҲҪɱ㣬ĹǲȦġ
ɱ㣬ȫƾԼıġ
ȫһˣûбĶɱ
̫۸ˣˡ𱩾ŭϾҲҲǸʵɱңǾҵʳɡԼģֲñˡ
˵ţȫһź֮С
࿿ʣ׷׽壬Ϊԭʼӡ
ȻȷʵлӰӡ
׿һ۾Ϳ׷ѰĻ
νҲǰһ»عԭʼӣκκۼ
ҽ㣬˵ҵʵܸһ
𱩾˵ţһȭס
޴ȭͷЯŻ֮˺ѿռ䣬ÿռ䶼ǻΪһӡ
һȭҪǴ׵ϣҲˡ
׼ЩȻҲԪɾ۷ʵԼȴǼɱ䣬ѾԺɨͬκˡ
һץȥȻϵ֮֡
һץ֮£͵ؾǴ֮˺һƬĿռ䣬ǻ𱩾ҲǲܿƵıǣ
ĹǱץķ顣
ôܣ
𱩾ԼǱץһοռ֮ڡ
ܱߣΧĿռ俪ʼ׷׾廯
Ȼռʣһжһķ飬Ҳǻһ֡
ѧԺѧôǿôͬʱҲЩ
𱩾ѾѣҲƣ
һȭȭĺ˳ȥΧѾ廯Ŀռ䡣
ȭȥǿռڳһѷ졣
ӣ
ϲѣͨѷ˳ȥ
ٶ졣
㳡ϣ˶Ǿˡ
Ǹ߸ϵĻ𱩾ΪжȴѧԺλѧһжӲס
ڸǲֻʶӣжôǱ
ãǿ˵ţо׸ոһץܰǿץɷ顣
顣²ţѧԺʲôĵطһĵطȻôһˣаľ·ӡ
Ҳͬһ뷨
׿Ż𱩾Ȼߣȴһ߲ġ
ȻһޱȣԼʮףתʥĹâ
Ȼʹ֮
֮з֮ĵһ׶ξǶħ֮ٶ죬ǿȴаϢǵһ̶ȵĿռ֮󣬶ħ֮ͻתΪڶ׶εʹ֮ʥɣٶȸǿʮֹһ֮䣬ѾȥȫɼͨĽơ
˫ڶ˲Ϣ֮׷
ʲôͨٶȾȻ֮죬ҸоȥҺܿͻᱻ׷ϡ
𱩾ע⵽һĻ𺳡

𱩾мУһ˺˿ռ䣬ռߡ
籩
ȴЦʹ֮ޱȵȶ
˲䣬Բһ֮ڵĿռ䶼Ƿ׷ױ
𱩾ǰѾ˺ѵĿռѷ죬Ǳһ˴ٴϣиӻ̿֡
ҲʱѾ׷
һ򵱹Ī
𱩾̧ͷȥǰ·裬볯źߡ

ȴֻзɳһì۳ɳĿĵ
ֲޱȣ˿һ۶ᱻ
ͬʱռ֮¡
ǻȪ£֮
ⳤìڤ֮ìе֪ͨٵһì֮¡
ǰìƿռ䣬ʱգЯϵΰ֮һӾ˻𱩾
𱩾УͷȥѾˡ
ǳìѾ壬о˺ѷһʹࡣ

ì壬Ȼ򣬴˴֮С
ԶԶȥϮ£ա
䣡
Ĵѿ췭ظ
㳡˿ʼӣĩһ㡣
׿ȴ͵һץǱھҲֹͣ˲ѷҲֹͣ˼ȥ
ɻ
һץ𱩾ͱĴ֮ץ˳
㳡ϡ
һףԼѾ޻֮ľ𾪡

𱩾˿Ѿûл֮һȫƿ
֪⻹飬Ȼˡ
ңﵮġ
׾Ӹ£ʵ
𱩾Ӧ϶һطо𱩾мֵ
㡭Ϊ˻򣿡
𱩾ʶʲô¶˾֮ɫ
֪˻ʡ
üҪǸطѾˣȻҾֻоˣҲҵĽ顣
⻰𱩾һ顣
úݵ񣬾Ȼоҡ


1579 ռ
ô˵ǲ˵
׿Żħٴ۳һڤ֮ì
ⳤìħܵЩ
˵
ħҧҧ֪ǸطҲδ򣬶ǵطޱȵΣգҪҲֲҡ
ס
ħʱ򻺻ҵһĿռ䣬ǴռΪܻɡռ֮г֮⣬ʵЩǻ۶ܵ£ֻ֪ɣҷֽ⣬عռ䡣ȻˣЩʵȴһ㶼еҪҡ
Żħ渵׶Իռһµӡ
ãڴȥ
룬ޱȵļᶨ
ǣ
ħӦҪ·
ֻҪ뿪ʱ׿Щ׼ĸ飬ܶЩ˲ܣˡ
ǹ
ָָͰ£˵
˲ţǰ񣡡
ҡͷɲ
ҲûбҪֱԵǸĴ󣬱Һͻ𱩾սȫٵˣ޷뿪ʱĻҲûʱ޸󡣡
˵ţӳһ᣺һȥ֪ʲôʱܻǴԭͼоһ£Լ޸ɡ
Ͱ󣬼ѡ
һλʴȵ飬аľֻǵƷԵǡ
׳ŵӣ˵
ҽףʲôˡңв˶ƺΪ׵ۣҲƺ룬
ǣ׵۴ˡ
Ͱ𾴡
Է޷޸ٸһҴ֮żȻõģͨ͵ĹһֱĻ߿ﾳ磬Ҳǰλľ硣ʵҲﾳ磬쾳ͿԳźգɻڵˡ˵ţӳһɫĲӡ
дţ
ͰѾ֣˫ֶڷҽ
ʵѾ鼶ģܻ֮ǵĸǡ
ڣ״һȻľ磬ֱĪĶ͡
Űɣ
ײ˵ʲôѹֱӸˡ
лˣ
ǰлߵס
һԵĻ𱩾ʵЩ⣬ΪһȺϣֵôô
߰ɣ
׽һУץŻ𱩾ʧ뿪ͬʱ𱩾Щ·׷ȥЩҲ񼫣Ȼ¡
ٴιݣ뿪мޱȡ

޾Ŀռ֮У涫
ץŻ𱩾ڿٵƶ
вԶ͵ˡ
𱩾Сȴһ˿ײĽ
׹ҲǱơ
ץס㣬ܸӦռλãȻҾ֪˴ŵλãҲҲ
˵ţЩҡ
ռ磬޷λ꣬ǲʧС
ֻ˵˻ռ֮һ
𱩾û˵ţһֺá
΢΢ͷ
һСʱ֮󣬻𱩾¶һ˷ܵɫָָǰˣǰǸǻռڡ
׿ȥһڿռĿռڡ
һ˱˵ǴԲ˶ãҵǴһѡ
ߣҽȥ
˵ţץŻ𱩾ڡ
վǰײûмŽȥǿ˻𱩾֪ڰʲôҪˣƳɹ˻ãʧˣҪеǸ
вҲǾ档
Ϳ˻𱩾뷨˿ѶԷȻǲϣԷԼĴơ
˵Цˣʲô
𱩾ﾪȴһϵӡ
ûá
֪ȰסԷ˵ʲô
ߣȥ
ץŻ𱩾ǻռ䡣
ֻһ׾͸оһϤϢǹϢĹ
ҪҵĵطԴˡ
ɾʱҲע⵽ռ֮УƮĴڡ
Ӧþǻ𱩾Щǻ۵µ
ֵ˲䣬ЩŵѪȵ㣬һĳ˹
üѯʻ𱩾һЩ飬ȴǷֱеĻ𱩾ȴΪһӣ˳
Ȼץסһӡ
ô£
𾪣ѵ𱩾˲ɡ
Բܣһ־ǿĺܣôôˡ
ȻʶЩӣȻͿ𱩾ȴڿռ֮ٴ۳
һһģһĻ𱩾ˡ
ףû뵽ɣ
𱩾ޱȣڰһռ֮УЩǲĴڣǵԻΪӣҲʱˣתͬʱҵƶȫָ


1580 ԵĶȮޣ
Ҳа𾪡
磬ΪӣҲǱɡ
𱩾ȿռȴٶۣͻֻһ
УǱѾҪ۵һȷصɴ
һǺüˡ
ףͱȥˡ
𱩾˵ţĿռΧ˹ЩŸʽ壬һ㡣
ԵԵ
𱩾ţ˷ޱȡ
׿Ŀռüͷ
ԳԳԣ
Щһŵǵϡ
գ۾ͱΧסӰ
ɣɣ
𱩾ſ˹ȥҲһ
ɾʱǰס׵һȺռ֮УȻɵĹâֻһʥĺ¯¯ȼգƮɣʥɣپһСЩռ¯ɣǷĲҽУȫѲá
غ¯
֮еͨοһЩմȾ˻ĵͼ顣
𱩾һĻʲô
غ¯ĻմȾһֱ۶Ǳɵ˺ѷһʹҽС
ڷ˹Ŀռов׷׾ɢ
һۿŻ𱩾ҽʱѹ㣬Ƴɹ˻ãʧ˾Ҫе
ϣչֳ˾˵ɱ⡣
𱩾ŵһ飬ŤͷܣĵҲǺڲ
ˡ
ôҲû뵽׾Ȼ˵ֶΣռ滹ܴչ
غ¯ͨ붼ǷȻЩתΪӵ޷ѣֻܹԹԵĽȥ
׿Ż𱩾Ӵܣʹ֮չ׷ȥ
𱩾Ӧռ֮ΨһĸǻζܷŹԷ
һȥй¶˻ռλãһ޴鷳
ռֻһ˶ռй¶
𱩾ԽԽһֻѾץŵΪɢ
һץգ֪ǲ׽û𱩾
ֱӼغ¯˫о٣ȶͳŻ𱩾Ӽ׷ȥ
ЩӲϵرӣһֻޱȡ
Ӳġ
˵ţغ¯һвٵӱС
ӿӵĸˡ
׼׷ɱ̵˲ٻ𱩾ɵӡ
ҴˣŹҰɣ
ʣµٴ۳ɻ𱩾ͷǳ׹ɪɪ
ˣٱغ¯ϼΣǾҪعˡ
ڵʵѾƤŹͷˣ׸ߵҲֻʣ˲ס
Ҹɣ
ûмŶ֣ǻ˵
ڻ𱩾Ѿ֮ѵĿܡ
һֶΣѾ׿
ңҿԸоԣǸоҵʱ˵оңұлкܴоֵĪĺô𱩾ǣѿڶ
о
װͷ𱩾ȷʵоֵ
ôռΪʲô˸߼ǻۣҲֻӽѻ۳
оֵȷʵܴʱ֤°빦
á
׳˼һ£˵
ɱ㣬Ҳô׵طŹ㡣˵ţһץѻħץС
ħڷȴҷֺ
֪
˵˲ɱĳͷʲô
׵ħ壬ıṹ׸ߵĻħ˫ֱ˫ţԴһſŵĶ¶˫Ҳû壬ʧ˱һһ׶ߵĺɫ
ħԼڵ󣬺±ƣʲô⣿
л԰ȮһĸǺҳϵ
׻شţȻ󲹳Һ¸ңܴõѡ
ʲôұ仯ĸǵΪħ²⡣
ΪΨһԻȥ׵Įޱȡ
ˡħ˼ĺΪ˻ʲôұռûκģڶתΪ㲻ʲô
׵˵ͷغ¯֮һ档
ˣҪʲô
ħ̿֡
ֻµúܡ
׸һס棬۳һɫӡ
Ȼһ˻ħĲϡ
һȴС
ǣŻħɵȫƿԺħġ
ͽлħ
ʵƺ뵽ʲô
ԼģǲҲоܰħЩֺõ˵ţû취ţԺ޾£ƶҪֺλˡ
ҡͷ
ʲôһֻô֡
ħǻڵ̰꣬ʮ˲ֻأ˵һԻޣ񡢷ǹˣ񡢹֮䡣޳ª¶ݣҲͨ󣬵Ҳһ֮Ϊ޵
ѧʶԨ֪ࡣˣ˵ʲô
Ժͽаޡ
׵˵ţȻˡ
ʲô
𱩾ס˵ôһӣԭΪ˸һ֡
ԵĶȮޣ
ţǣŰ޾ͳŻռȥ

пռ䶼һĵ򣬰Ԫ硣
ڻռĺ֮زܸײ
ˣǰɢŹâĵطǻռĺġһһΧеʶн壬תΪӡ壬Ƕ޷ٴ
˵ţǵطη塣
׵˵ͷȻ
һҵĵطϥ
ʶʼ͸ȥҲֻ֧˼ӣͻɢ
ȻֻǼӵʱ䣬ǸһЩϢջĴ
˲ٶ
ʵںһȭͷСĻɫ壬ЩֽӴ˿̶ΧתΧŵתһƺסˡ
ˣҲѹռ֮ебֽ⣬޷ٴۡ
ֲ²⣬ǾӦռ֮еĻ۶ɡ
εˮתΪεˮһ㡣
˵ĻѵĲܰеԭŪ۳Ҳȫ⡣
Ҫڴ˲һ𡣡
˵ţϾܺõĲա
ǣ
Ӧεſǰ
һһ˲״̬
ʱȥơ
ת۾ǧꡣ
˲֪ҪãҪߣӦòְᷢɡ˼
һǧǰ׾ͲΪοǲһٴηС˼
ƴˡ
˾Ҫɡ


1581 һ
ֻСĿʼ뿪һŲ壬¾ס
ˣ뿪ˡ
ĵ֮ͶԶԶģԺླ磬Ҳˡ
ȥģ
ɾʱһ
ȴǻףðŵӶһ
ͷȥĿ
ҲѾصС
ȥ򡣡
޻Ų˵ţһŹŤһ飬βҲļ
ŻˣҪˡ
ôԶ͵ؽ
׵˵ţվ
޻̿ޱȣٽʲô䲻ľ
ͬʱ۾⳯׿ȥȴǷ׾Ȼǰ滺ȥֱӽ˺֮С
ˣҪʲô
ЩռȥҪֽ׽ȥô
ߣɣ
񶾵ţˡ
Ǿ˵һĻˣֻ׽ȥ֮ȴһ鶼ûС
Ȼˡ
ţ֤ĳֲ²⡣
û£ôû£
ţһ̿׳η塣
ˡ
аһԼ˹ǰצո̽ĵǰצͻΪӡ
ҽŵĻæ˼ʮףȫëըˡ
Ҫٹ
׻ͷһ۰ޣ
ǣǣˡ
æ׳η塣
һģǻɫǰϸɫ塣
΢ɣÿһ΢޳֮˺ѵأǳĻ֮һлԭΪӣʵ֮ͨ˻ĺڣǾǷֽϣһлԭʽǻ𡣲ӦҲֻǻĻ֣ĻӦԶֹˡ
ЩֳŻɫץȥ
¡
ץ߻ɫ˲䣬ռ˾һ㡣
ǿռһѷ졣
ռݣڱ
ˣô£޻ֵ̿оԼ궼ڷһ㡣
۳ɵһöɫ壬ռһ㣬ȡ˻ɫ壬ռҲ޷ټάȥ˵ţˣߣĿѾﵽˡ
ߣ
޿ռ֮Уռ䵮ڷ׷׽塣
ǻΪӣڲϵ
ײ˵ʲôǣŹ밢һ뿪˻ռ䡣
ǵ󣬻ռһıϵʧ˿ռ֮УǴûгֹһ
ˣǲѾ˻򣿡
޴˿̿ף̲סʵ
ʵţֻǧʱ䣬׾Ͳǧ궼ûĻ
ⲻܣԲܡ
ǵûС
׵Ǿʵ˵
Ҿ˵ôôġȻ˵ţоࡣ
ȷʵôģټһöĽᾧӦÿ򡣡˵ţȫʮ㡣
Ѿӵ˻ĺڣҲһš
۳һʱ⡣
ʲô
סš
ʲôֵģڻռ˻ĺģȻΪȡᾧǧıչأ浱һ񲻳ɡЦ
ˣߡ
˵ţֱ˺ѿռ˳
˼һ£һطչأᾧ
ˣȥģ
ѯʵΧǿȫ֪ںη
ȥ֮ǰҴչ˳㿴Щ㵱Ʒûлȥ˵֮ǰΪľǸ˱ǣ˿ÿԸӦȫԸϹȥ
˹Щʲô
ǻ۵ľͲܽˣ˼룬ԺһҲֻܰƤˡ
׿Űһڸĵӣ֪һǱơ
һ飬˵ˡ
һһܿʧһٴλصʧ֮ء
ˡ
׿˿֮ǰްռǿȴǷѾӡ
㳡޸ˣһĴҲ޸ˡ
лһΡ׳Ĺд׵ĸ֡
ˣЩ󡭡˸㽨˹޾ޱȡ
ǵģû뵽ǧʱ䣬仯֮󡣡ʶһɨͿϵһЩˣеͰºȻפ׵֮У˵ΪҲﵽվ۷塣
ĲҲﵽ˷쾳
֮ǣŹ׵񹬵ſڡ
һһͻȻ֣˵ע⡣


1582 ʧ֮
Ͱע⵽ףȻǾסˡ
Ϥף
׵۴ˣ
Ǻ˼ɫ
û뵽ôȥٴμ׵ۡ
׵ۻˣ
š
ֻӦһǣŰ޾˽ȥ
ߣ˵û뵽ô꣬ǲ޸˴󣬸վ
Ҫл׵۴Ĺ
˵Ҿӹ
ûĹ쾳Ѵﵽ
λһǿôǴһʱ䣬Ǿ͵ҲھС׳˼һµ
ʵһû˵ĵطҪȴҲΪЩǡ
չܻǿ߲վ֣ƺܿͻḲ
׵۴ˣԴаľǽȳǸĹʧ֮һһʮѾȫΪԺʧ֮صˣЩΨһŷӦ飬ǵҡʮϵ˵񹬣ҲǵȴĹ
ǵףʧ֮¸ŵ
⻰޻˻ιͷ
ЩˣһôĪĳΪʧ֮
ûôΰ󣬲ҵȷǽ˺Ժ鷳Ȼ֡ʧ֮ôԸƺɡ룬ȴǲô⡣
ǣ׵ۡ
ٴιݣ׼ʧ֮صˡ
ǾټÿǰݣԵȡ˵ţͰ³ȥˡ
޿κΡ
Ѱ˩˹һԣԼھصȴš
һкܶ˹ˣЩ˶ԸȺĲͬ
֮Уܿվˡ
ɳŮ죬ǰΰݡ
ʱ䵱˾ǵĽɫһ
һϻЫͼŮ˳󻹸ɳŮˣ׾ӯӯһݡ
ɳŮɣǰݼ׵ۡ
˵ţ
׵ʶɨһж
ɣ
˵ţһӷɳȥһĽԭһӽԴıһླؼ
򵥵һۣ׵ʹͷһһؼһ
ɣǴ˿̶Ǵסˣȫš
£
ߴ
лʹͣ
Ž£м֡
˿ҲǼ޲ݼ
ݼ˶õʹͣ׵ʧ֮Ҳʵ

׵ǣµ֡
չأûҴ
ޱ˩ھײԶĵطоһƬҰ
ʱȥתǧꡣ
׶ڻĸԽԽۿžҪѻ۳
Ҫɹˣ
޿׵ķ֡
켣꣬Ȼ֪һȷжֲһһȷĻǿֲ˼㡣
ַԺ˵ͬܵУɨħ
¡
֮˾˵׵֮һֱӵ޾
ף֮з֮ײγɵ
ЩƺǴ־ڷŭȻ˸ҿ̽һȷһ¡
˰꣬Żͣ
ɹˣĳɹˡ
׵ķ򣬾ǿһ汾ԴıԴС
һ̣۵ĻӡѸٵʧˡ
ڻռ֮۵Ļֻܹȫһˣ׳ɹˣϹڻһжᱻĨĸɸɾ
Żӡʧȴһַ
ǻ֮һ
ַ⣬ֻ˲Ϊͱߵ˽۾֮һһѸת۾ʹﵽС
ҳɽ۾ˣ
޸ı仯˷ޱȡ
ȻЩϡͿģȷʵͻƵ˽۾硣
ֻһȷ򣬶Ƕȷ


ЦϾľ硣
ϣҲǸоʲô
һ
״ӱչ֮˳һ
ͻƵ۾֮Щ⣬Ǵ˿̿ףȴ̲סſҡβ͡
̫ˣ̫ˣҿôһƬޡ
ţ嶼ɪɪ
һ㣬׵ʵӦôﵽһ޷ȵľء
Ҳɱһϡ
һγ·ϵʱ䣬Ѿ꣬Ҳʱȥˡ׵˵ţһоͰѹǣ˹׵ȥ


1583 ʲôȻԣ
֮УȴһΡ
ʲôʧ֮أԺǻEֳء
һԴСȴܴ˵š
̫ôǻEսӾһһٶսǼսңǸҷߵ
һǰǿ֮׹
þﲻԶĻEע⵽ʧ֮أǾڵһĻ
ʧ֮׵۵أ׵ѧԺѧʵȲ࣬ĺŭޱȵ˵š
ʲôѧԺѧû˵ڿȲ࣬ԼΪİɡܻ֪֮ʲôĴڣıԵشһ߶ѣʲôˡȫΪȻٸӵĿʱ䣬ǻֿǾռʱ˶Ҫū
֮оĵģһķŭ
ֻͷԸչصʱȥţȻȥˡ
ҿʼʱˡĮ˵ţͨ뺡
Ǻô磬ѧԺһס
һ߹ǣŰޡ
ֹȥһִչմǧ˲ֱӡ
׵ۣ
˹ޱȡ
׵˵ͷߵλ֮ϡ
ʲôģ
ʵЩΪ⡣
EġӲ׵סˡ
ƣϹ϶ܹ
ް
˼Ӷȴ׹
ǡ
Ǿް͵ȫǴ˵һ㡣
ǳǾ
׼ʵüͷ
ҲǣǻEֻһСޱȣԽԽ׺ܿ¡
һСҲҴʧ֮ص⡣׻˵ţ
˵ţһץӣ˳һŲƵ֮С
ӱ뷴ԼУȻȫǲֵһᡣ
˵ĽӾЩ˰ɣ
ָָǰһ֧һٶսı֮С
ǵģǻEǿĽӣΪ˵õʧ֮أ㾡ȫӵ
̫ϧˣΪһ֧Ӻܿͻʧĸɸɾ˵ţһȻɢȥγһס֧ӣȻ󲻼ʲô֧ӾʴһһĻΪһɳȻɳӣ֮ʧˡ
أ޷⡣
㣬ʲô
ɫ԰ףŵĿһС
ҲǾѡ

뵽ʲô
ӵֶΣһˡ
嶼ɪɪ֪ǵ˲ǵĴڡ
ǻEĹҡ
ߵһ߿ӡ
ĻûôǻEȻʧ֮صĸ鶼ūȴǴĽɡ
Źϳ֣顣
ǣǡ
Ӧҳɡ
ޣһȥǹֱɱ˵˹ðԼж
ǣˡӦ˷ܡ
ʱӲע⵽ǣȮ
ʲôСҳ㡣
ߵ۵ӣҿǽ۾ǲûô˧ô
۾
⻰ûιȥ
ΪĳһﶼôѾǺεȵĴڡ

º󣬻E
֮ϣһҫվָָEĹǹҪ㣬ڸһˡ
ʲôȻԣ
һ⾳˳ȵ
޿ӣҲ룬ȥһھ͸̵˶棺Ƕ죬ζǿԡ
˶ɵˣ̲סʲôҲ̫˰ɡ
ͳ˧
밢һ֪޵Ŀ£ڳѾˡ
λ޴ˣһλ۾
룬ǰԼû˵Ļ˵˳
˻һǾĵġ
ʱһߴԶ˹̿ޱȵ۾֪һEеĵط
˿ߣѣȻϹ˵Ѿ߾硣
ף㾹Ȼһߡ
Щȣû뵽СĴڣǵңǵˡȻǵˣҪǵңҾͰȫˣŲ¡
⻰̲סǴһ


1584 ħԴ
޺ָо
ˣ߰ɡ
˵һץס˹Ȼ߾Ϲһʧ
֮ڣ˻оһ
ʮ֮
䡢£ҪѧԺˣԺʧ֮ؾͽˡ
˵ţѧԺķ
ǡ
Ӧ
֪ѧԺѧѧԺʵҲ˺档
ײ˵ȻҲʡ
ޣ߰ɡ
ǣŹһ̤֮С
뿪ˣһ컹Ҫ
Ϊʧ֮ԺΨһˡ
ˣʲôΪ磿
ôʲô
棬档
ʥɶɡ
ŶɣҲ硣
ģһܴһٸ
ˣѧԺʲôط
һѧԺѧϰ㵽ѧԺòҪ£ϲԹѧ١
ʲôõôǾȻԼѣһҪа񡣡
ϻࡣ
һһ˵˵ЦЦȥ·;Ҳûôµˡ
ʱ֮ĳ֪ռ䡣
ЩȫħԪѡӣΪ׼Ʒ
Ҳ֮Ϊħӡ
֮ǰն˺ħԪϵԷħԪơ
ȴǲûиҰġ
ħϧôħӹѰħԴԿħԴļֵʱҲһЩϣȻ治ϸȴǶᵽħԴƺϵĳһȷ򡣡˼ţðΣչԭһжΪһȷ
ҲһȷΪ˿Ըκδۡ
ȡħԴ֮ҾͳնϺħԪϵ
˾
ιħԴĻйħԪħԪħӡ˵ħԴô棬õ˾ܲĳһȷ򡣡һ˹϶ǼӲļ׿ˣһ档
֪һֻ֪ԺųħԼϵԡ
֮ǰǶȽ˽Է
ֻ֪Ҫʵʵħ񣬵ʱħǹؼ
˵еħЦ
ʱԶպȻ˺һѷ졣
ħˡ
ɫһӦ
Ǵ򿪵ĵطɲǴԪ磬һС档
֮УԪ绹ֻһ磬ռ䲻ƣȱʧ
ɴԪ֮ϵ棬ԼһѭϵԲתȥ
ƿһľϵλ鶼
ɴ˿ɼħ֮ʵҪλ֮ϡ
ȥ
ĮǸħӶϤħ֮
ǣ
ڣħӶӦ
ҳɡ
˭ΪҵħԴԺǵһħӣһΪԹඥΪࡣ
ħ֮˵ţֽ˶Ϊ֮ݡ
Ҳɫ΢䣬ֽܸܿܵħԴҪ
һҪõħԴ
ߣ
ħ˵ţ뻪һС֮С
һȺ˽ȥ֮֮г۵Ӱ
Ԫ־
˴ǿգ࿴Ŷǳ˵⡣
ħΪ˵õħԴ㾹ȻĽħӶ˽ȥħĮ
˵ţʵ
һ׹֮񣬹ͷϻȼܻ档
㲻ҲһħߵΪ˵õħԴ˭Ҵš
汾ԴƣһħӣѵĴʵ̫󡣲ܵõħԴۻǿԽܵġħ޷С棬ᱻǳ˯С汾ԴɵЩħӽȥûˣ˭ܵõħԴ͸ƾˡ
ƾ£˭˭
ưɣ
λԪ˵ţӰʧˡ
Ͼ֮⣬Ҳ̫ͣã˭֪汾Դ᲻ᷢǡ
С֮С
⻹һɳеС棬һĿռ仹ܻ֮УҲ顣
һô
ħ˵ţ֪϶ԪħӣʱǲҪжΪá
֪ܲôġ
֪ʵѾﵽ˽ףħ֮жǰеģǶ֡
뻪һӦǱȽϰȫġ
á
˵ͷûоܾĵ
ô
ǰҲһ𡣡
ħҪ滪ʮ˿Ҫһ
ȫӦ֧Сջ㼯˲жʮˡ
һЩħӣҲǸӡ
ߣ
һħۿ˿ʮ뿪ˡ
קʲôק
ħ˿λħӣЦ
λħӽ׵£ʵﵽ˽߽ףĵλڱΣˣԿܲ˳ۡ
ˣСȻȥѰħԴ
˵ţҲ˳һȥ
֮
磬ħħԴʵ̫ǾǼˣҲʶɡһŮħţֻﾳ۷ΪǰͺͻҲϤСΣգֻʱǾʮιûмԱѾˡ
ħ˭Υ֪ġңǿħԴĻӦӦ
߰ɡħЦ
ʱ˿ǰ֮С
һžֲС֮У֦ȴ˺СĿռ䣬Сռ֮С
Ǿ޴Ҷһ򳡴С˶Ϊ֮һ
˵ħԴ᲻ᱻˡ
Ų²ϾʵǺء
Ӧòܡ
룬һӦûС
ˣȥ
룬ħԴûйϵ˵Ҳʲô
ȥҲֲ²һЩħӷ׷׸ȥ
ֹջεҡҡͷ
һȺħڴŲѰűټΣա
ԣô£ʲôĺ
뵽ʲôɫ䣬ҪЩ˻
ɾʱֻǴȻЩĴȻֱ
м䣬һ˫۾
𣡡
Ȼ޺еȻС֮̽һ޴Դ
Ǵһ޴ޱȵޡ
ܣ
ţʱǾѾһҧȥ
ң
ħӺ̿֡

˼ţȻҲ޵Ѫ֮¡
ץס
зɳһǾȻһƵ
һ㶣־һץ

ڻϵˣʱ͵һקӣõŷȥ
ż̵ļţڵˡ
ɷ˵ģ͵ؾһȥ޵ϡ
޵ݵλˣȡһĻᡣ
˾ûôˣħӱɣΪʳ
ߣ
޻Щδ˾Ƿ롣
֮
һûˡ
ʱҲ£ŵĲᡣ
ʲôмɸ˰ɣʵҸо˽ħ
С滹ܻ׶Σʲôﶼ֣ҪСˡ룬ɫء

תۣѾ֮
СҲʮ֮һ֮ࡣ
ħԪˣһӴʮס˻ˣϳżɭ׵ĹǴ̣źǺˡ
ħԪġ˵
ħԪˣҲνˣо·ߡߵ
ΪǴӲͬصģֻҪȷ˶Է·ߣ֪Щˡ
Ųԩ·ҵħԴĻŸ
ΪʲôҪ㣬ôǣźߵܲ
ΪʲôΪĵ˵ţһǵ
һ̣üͷ
ʵħԴĶ֪ʵǲԪ˶֡
ô죿
ħʱһǽ߽Ϊҳ֮⣬ģ߲ռʲôơ
û˵֪ܲ
á
룺߹·߿Ը㡣
ʶࡣ
Ӻǵ⣺˵ɣ
ħӣЩЦĿŻ
ƺ˵һ˻
ҲɣͰԼ߹·߻˳
ӿһۣ⡣
ô
ĮûµĻǾˡ
ɾʱȴٴס˻ߣߣ
ʲô˼
üѵͼȥѾ˺ܴòӻҪʲô
û˼ȻҲҪѰħԴҿһ𡣱ϾСΣأвͻ˶ĻҲܼٵ˵ǲǣ
Ӻƽ˵ţƺһ
ȴһ۾Ϳӵնģ˵һʵ˵̽·
ʲô֣
ӣȻʵ
ѻ
˵ţЩĿŻ
ɾʱһֱնӵԴȫǺ顣


1585 ȡԴ
ǳֵĲǱˣǻ
ѻ˭֪ѻȻôߣ޿̡
ԣԥİνˡ
һ־һɱֱȡѻҪ
ѻǽ߽׵ĵ۾Ϊʶ㣬˿Ҳû뵽Ȼ˹ϡ
һ㶼

ѻŭһȫ޷ʩչЧķֻԼȥ
ꡣ
һն֮ϣˢˢĸ
ֻѻСһȫ֣ʵѾȽ߽׵ĵ۾١
Ȼ׵Ҳûвĵλ
һնѻֱֺ֮
ѻ֣̿оһɾ
ȫǱɱһȻûκη
ܵŤܿҪɾһǴļ£׵ֱӿ¡
飡
ѻ̱˵ϣһѾȥ˴롣

ĵ̿֡
Ľ΢΢ͣʱϲ⣬Ϊ
ǽһ廯Ϊ˷顣
ˣɱˡ
Χ˿Żǻֲ̿ѡ
˺ˣʵ˲ò¡
һУħԪˣ˵ɱǣһ
˶ס
ɱ⣬ҪҪô
á
ħʱȴǵһڣǶ֡
Ҳǳ˹ȥѻ֮⣬Ķ֣תѾʬҰ
ȫˣûڡ
ħЩķˡһ߽׵ħӾԼû뵽湻ҵġ
˵Щˣǵʬ崦һ£Ҫ˷Ǳɱġ˳һϣӦо·ͼ
ʲôûзһ
ҵˡ
˵ţҵһͼѻǱǹ·ߡ
һ£Ѿ֪ĸˣߡ
һȺѸ뿪
ʱĺܿ죬ѾСʮˡ
ҵĵطʵҵĲˣħԴ׻ġ
룬λħˣֻǻûҵ
ǰһŵͼһЩطЩطڶһ档
ʮʱһħͻǻȥ
ħǽʱԼõġ
Ұɣ
վʹȴǳϿȥ
סˡ
ֻһž޴ĺɫƲʣʱע⵽źɫƲ
Ȼڣаš
ǵһ£ȥ
˵ţһɳֱããա
ħҲǿ˹ȥȻ뵽ʲô׷׳
оˣҸоˡ
Ʋʵʱֻ֮ľķھҵĲ
һֱԴϵ
ٶȸˣʱ໹СħҲǿˡ
ǣ
ǶΪħԴ䵽˵ϣȴû뵽űԴС
ϹȥħԴ
˶ǳ𣬳ǺɫƲʷȥ
Ϊȷֵģ˿Ѿˡ
վںɫƲʵıԵ濴ȥѡ
ǰʲôɫƲʣһźɫЩɫһǹҺƬ
ħԴƬ
̲סмҵˡ
ɷ˵ģҪȥãɾʱһǹӺ˹
˭
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ħԴƬħԪħġ
˵ţƱˡ
ɣգĵʹǹħԪ𲻴Ӧ
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ߣħԪȷֵİɡӽأħԪĿǰΪߵħӣʵﵽ˽˽ס
֪鷳ˡ
ʱħԴѾ죬취Ҿпܡ
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ɣ˵ţֱӾǳħԴƬ
ס
ڣ֡
һȺ˶ǳǺɫ֮Уȥ֮˲ԡ
Һһסǣƶ졣
ʮ˾С
ȴǴϲǺûᡣ
Ҳǿᣬ˶Щ˷˹

ɣմţΪʱ
ֻһͭϣԽҳˡ
Ĳˡ
ҡ
ؿ˻ں
ȻҲУڱ˶ĹȻҲɣһ϶ˡ
ã
˵ţƲ˿ء
һǾҪץأǽȴǷһ˿صԴ
仯֮죬˶ʼϲ
ȻȡħԴſأһһв
磬ʲô
ʧȫ޷⡣
ħĻֻһҲɱǰȳ϶ˡ
Į˵ţȫһëûС
ֻһ
ħҲǵȻȴǹЦ⼸˻󣬿һŲ׷ױնɱħԴȴҪЩ˵õˡ
˵ͷ
˼һȴλô˵ǴȱŶ֣ħԴһ㲻֪ʲôػţ˭ûа취ãɱһ˭޷ħԴȥ
һȺ˰ͷȷʵ
ڹؼƿһı㡣
е
Ǹôƿ
ʱٴοڣܼ򵥣ҿһӦǿԱյģֻҪĺЩյħԴȻͱ¶˳ʱ˭ܻħԴڸƾ¡
˿̵Ļȫƿơ
ãû
ȷʵҪЭ
˴ͷҲǷ׷״Ӧ
ţһȺ˿ʼħԴǲ
ʱȥת۾ǰꡣ
ħѾܽˣħԴҲյĲˡ
ɹˡ
֪˭һֻħԴΪΧʼ
ȴ˺֮Զ
ħͼע⵽˻ĶҲǸ˺
ħԴҵġ

˶ǳȥ
ɾʱħԴȻ˾ҵĹâ
â֮£пħȫܿƣ֮еѸٱɡ
ܿһı˸ʬ
⣬ô£žȫ޷⣬ȻЩ𾪵ĿŻ磬Ͳµ˻ǲǣ
ǰɡʱûʲôģϼأħԴǿԣܰһɵһɶħԴ䵽֮УȻûСҾͲ²⣬ӦСıԴ־оħƬв޷ȥԾһصħƬҲǸոյ
ʲôȻ
ǸոЩڸħԴһ
ħԴѷһ˲䣬ԱͰЩħ֮еյһɶĮ˵ţȻɱЩˣЩȷʵ֮С
ĿǰʣµҲֻˡ
ǿ쿴ħԴָţһεٴΰסƴѶ޿κΡ
汾Դ־ٴγˡ
ôȡħüͷ
ʱ򣬻ˡ
ֳԼĽ磬ſһӣ͵һͰħԴ˽ȥ
⣿
žޱȣ磬ⶫһըյԼĽ֮УԺͷųһжᱻ̵
д㡣
˵ţȻ˿ΧҲûбˣҪ˵һ顣
ħͼŶǵ˵ͷ
˼һ£ʵħûʲôģ֮Уħһħ֣ǳɾͲһ̣ħ־ͻѣǡһλѾȥħõϢбݣǿԿ¡
˵ţóһϡ
ħͼſ֮󣬶ɫ΢䡣
ʵ֪ħ̾һΪ˱ǿòΪħӡ
֪òҪ˵Ĳ֮ءǱֲħֲ£ֻҪҵһλǿĲժǾܳնϺħԪϵԺħҲκβǡǿܲʶˣʶѧԺԺֻҪǴӦңȥ֮󲻰һħԴй¶ȥҾԺժħ֡ʱԼ˵Ķ˵˳
ܰժħ֣Ȼû⡣ħȵ
ûо磬ˣǾ粻˵ժħ֣ҲġŵԵúϡ
Ǻãǡʵõİ취ɱˣ˻ûԲ飬ȻҲ²ȥ֡
ʱǸоһɽ֮
ħǻȥˡоʲô
ڿԻȥˡ˵ţȴһ˿ײĺݶ֮ɫ


1586 Ժң
˾ʧС档
ͬһʱ䣬Сħһ뿪ˡ
ˡ
˿Χǽĵط
֮Уһ־ǡ
ħ
ҵħԴûУ׵˹ۿŻ
ûСħԴЩֻʣˣĻ˸֪
Ҳ͸˻ᡣ
˵ԼûҵħҲûа취ȷϡ
ħΪԪ˵õħԴ
ѵħԴħԪħԪ˵õˣ׵˵ţתˣôġ
ûõ
ʱһħ
־ÿһˣÿһ˸
ûС
ļʮ˶˵
һȺ
ħŭնһ㡣
˶ŵɪɪ׷ġ
ϧˣħԴǱħԪħԪ˵õˡħţȻȴһתУħԴϵشһҪ
ʱһȥˡ
ɾʱһ
ħ֪ħԴġ
һŮ˵ڵ˲䣬˶ǿ˹ȥ
ţ
ΪѾĻɫ䡣
֪
ħϲޱȣңħԴģ͡
Ϊࡣ
Ż˵ţкǻȡ
룬Ϊκε顣
ħˣ΢һ¾͵ԣֻҪħԴģھͰΪླ
š桯һ£ڴ
ħʱҲ˵ʲôһɿֲ֮йעסš
ֻŵΪڽڽ
ﾳ۷ƿֱˣһٴﵽ˽۾硣
֮ڣһ绺һСĺϵС
Ϊһסס
ֱŽ۷塣
ۡ
ħʱջԼѾΪ˽۷壬ٽһǲླˡڸħԴģȷģͷͰΪࡣ֪ƭҵģˣһһ飬ҵĴԪ֮С
˵ţʮֵĿ¡
һȻ֪ħ³
˵
ҲҳɣתֱָħħԴڻϣۿȡħԴԲ
һ̣˶ɫ䡣
Ȼħôġ
ţں˵ʲô
ȵû뵽Ů˿һɵӣǹؼʱȴ˺ݶȫԼľ֮
ħҲǲţźǿ¡
˵ǲģ
ħ־ֹûĵ׻̿֡
Ҫꡣ
ǣҸûмħԴҧҳϡ
ħûѯʣƺ˼
ǼȴסˣѿھǵħħԴĽ֮УֻҪſ飬Ȼ֤˵ġ
ɱ˵ĶˣһҪء
Ҳԡ
Ѿ淢ԼǻԼţԺԼ鷳ˡ
˵أ
ħ˵ʵѾ˼ŵĻ
̲ס˿Ѿǵ˾
ħҲǿЩŻΪʲô˵Ϊ
ħѰ·
ſĽ磡
ħһɿֲѹֹմѡ
ħķŭˡ
ţ㻹Ǻݶ
֪Ҳ޷Ʊ磬˵
仰һڳħԴǡ
ֻΪ࣬ԼĻⱲӶûа취ﵽ磬ΨһĻᣬҲܴɫЩ¡
Ķô򵥣ʵޱȡ
Ҹ˵Ļħġ
ĬˣЩΡ
Ůˣ˵ʲôѾûá
Լİ취
źߵȴʮ㡣
˵ʲôӰһͳԶӶݿ
ٶޱȣﵽļޡ
ߣ
ħû˵Ѿ׷ȥ
ħҲǷ׷׷ȥ
̰ҵħԴȻߡ
ħЦͨԼڻڵħ֣һپҪѻɱ
ħֵոռȴǱһɵĸɸɾ
µ
ǹ
ħޱȣȻǷŭԭв֮ģǾ͸ˡ
˵ţӴܵĻ
һ͸ʱգΪ͵һץͰѻץС
ˡ
о޷Ҳסʱ˾
ʱȻ뵽ʲôǴ󺰵Ժң
ֻܾǡ
֮еǹһԸоĵ
˭ҲȲ㣬߰ɡ
ħ˵ţǻعħԪ


1587 
ħӿЩ
ʱڷģĴѰ
Ҫҵħ
ħԸΪܣħ
ɼ˵Ĺϵܺá
ڻΪץɣħ϶
¿ȥħӶǶ
ΪۣѾ޵һĴڣνǵ֮ĵһħӡ
ʣ˭ҵ
һɫȴǺܺÿ
Ϊħˣ֪ʲôʱ뿪ˡ
ܵĵǿ죬Ҳħħ˻ҾħħɱţҳħȽѣħҵĻ׵ĶˣʱĻȥҸطȶһΪħһӰҵΪô࣬ʵһ˵飬Ҳò

ħԪһûκĴԪ硣
Ԫгǧӵ㣬ϵ
֪ΥŵȵɾͲһ̣һ㣬û뵽ǧ򲻸̰ͼҵħԴѰ·ˡ
ڻǰһ۵ӻ˵
ӾħԪĴԪ־Ҳħ
ҲģͼıħԴʲôԵġ
Ц
˾һΨһеڵľûնϺħԪϵ
Լ̫̰ˡ
ֻԺˣԺûˡ
ʱԪ
һ¶ϲɫ
ѵԺˣ
ܿ죬֪Լˡ
ԺǹħԪħԪλħ
Ѿ֪ħԪ־õħԴȻǺܲģֶȡ
Ҵǣٻ㡣
ħԪ־˵ʧ
˿̵ĳ֮С
Ŀռһϥبŵ顣
ΪģԪʱգӵγһ޴С
ǡ
չؿʼѾˡ
˿΢΢۾˫ۼһ⣬͸ʱսٵĳԪ硣
ǣħԪ
Ŀ֮£ħԪһࡣ
ջĿ⡣
΢΢˼
绪²ģڻ֮еǹ͵һʱоˡ
ֻĹؼʱڣ޷ֹͣ
Ҳûа취
һҪʱ䡣
ħԪںԪ־֣ʱӦü
ö⣬ʼ˶

Ǳչ֮صǿգۣγһµС
ڶ
ҲðߣǺһؾ
ɷǿڶģǷɴ٣ɵһɶ
ˣ߻ǲ١
ɣ䣬ҴӻеɹսһԵġһ˵ţʮ㣬Ҹҿ϶ҪôһؾҪôǲһΪı
һҲǵ
˵ţʮһսϵؿġ
ԽǿԽǸоǿֲǣ֮
ǵսƵģܾսѾˡ
ˣɽ롣
ǰǾܿĵĶˡ
˻˵ţԽԽڴ
ɽȻЩɣ䣬ûо֣⼸е˲٣ȻǾԲôġ
һ˵ɣҲǵ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪ȻҲǺˡ
ˣ
ֻвʮˡ
ɹˣҪɹˡ
˼ޱȣսϵҲ˷ޱȡ
ȥһ֮ȫòɣɽ˵ţսֱӳ˹ȥһٴﵽġ
ɾʱĺȻſһӣһˮ
һ֮˳
ǣȴǵķ
ʲô
һŷɱսЩɵۡ
ô
Ҫ֪֮չصĺڣȥҲǷɴ٣ɡ
ǽȥˣɾͻᱻ¯֮УǾıˡ
ǣһˣ
ɽʱҲǣģӰĵ׷
ֵطôˡ
Ĳ²⣬ǽ۾ǿ߶ᱻе˺ɷ顣
ˣô£ѵǺ治ʲôؾҲûʲôɣ仺Ը
ɾʱȴǶˡ
һץͰսץУɲǸĵطξССͽһ£´Ǿûôˡ
˵ţ˺ʱհս˽ȥ


1588 ںϱԴ
ɣɽ뾪Īûļľ͸оʱձ任
ٳʱ򣬿ΧһƬã
ģ
ɽ˵ţѾľ漣֮ƵĻǺ֮˴Ǻ֮һ
ʲô
ɣ䲻ţæóͼ
һվȣˤڵء
Ȼġ
⡭ǶԶľ룬Ǹ˵ǺεȵĴڣȻְǷ֮ĵطɣţЩһ£ҪڻȥĻҪã
Ҫɡɽ̾Ǻڲ

˿̵ǣ֮С
ŻڵķһͿԽʱֱħԪ
ħԪ֮УʵѾ֮ˡ
ħħһȻԸҡħԪ־ŭޱȣǰ˽֣սҹȻ赲סλħԼҲ˲ᡣ
֪λħûз
뾡ħԴҵʵŻһʱħħһҵĶ֡ңȫٷǣҲ̲ˡħ˼š
ѾǴԪ֮
һУʵΪԼĴԪɽ
ΪС档
ʱʵҲﵽһֲľء
ħԴһԿһŻ㾡һȥȡ

ħ˹ɫ䣺ߣħԴҽɣⲻӵеĶ
ȴŤͷħ
㲻еǰ취Լȥȡ
ħ˵ţһֳֻŻץȥ
һץûץס壬ֱץסĽ硣
ۣ
͸оԼ౻ץסһȫڶԷһ֮䡣
һ̱ܵĿʼ˷
Ľƴתʼһпյ
ǰסħԴҲڱһɵһڻһ㡣
ҿ
ħЦţһֻڻĽ˺ѳһӡ
һ̣֮еĴ
ҲǷ˺ѷһĲҽУʹڷָһ㡣
ħԴҵˡ
ħʶɨϳ˼֮ɫ
룬ڿԴˡ
ֻħԴڻĽײײĴһ㱣Ҳȫ䡣
ҹɡ
ħ˵ţһֳֻħԴץȥ
ɾʱħԴҫ۵ĺɫâҫĽ硣
ɫâ֮£Ľ̮۳һŵӿƬ֮С
ˣħ̽뻪һֻҲڷٵĿήеħƬɡ

ħ֣ûϵ
ҽţԼ֡
ħƬôҵĴԪܸ֮ɵҲ̫ǿˡħţǻڲɻħԴܵĲһ˿η塣
ħԴҪ֡
ۣ
˿ҲܲסˣŶӾ̱˵ϡ
оԼĵ֮Уڷһ㡣
壬Ҫһ˺ѿ
磬Ҳȫɵˡ
ħɫأ֪Ҫɵľǻˡ
ɾʱͻ
ҫҫ۵ĻɫâǾķĹâ
۳ľķԾȻֱֱĳħԴ֮С
ͻһĻħǾˡ
ȫ޷⡣
²⣬ҲħԴҪ̵ľķӡ
Ǿķ뵽ħԴ֮УԴ󷢵ħԴȻƽ
ڻĵ֮УȴȻɢſֲĹâ
ô£
ħţԿٵ
ܿ죬ˡ
ⲻħԴҪɵľķӣǾķħԴͬԴ򣬴˿̾ķΪ˱֮һ飬ǣסħԴ
һҪɱһˣȴͻȻĶӾȻԼıֵܡ
˹һĻħþòŷӦ
ҲãѾ޷סħԴ˻һҲͲħԴй¶ƻԼĴԪ硣
ȫоƽħԴİ취
󣬲ġ
ħ˵ţоԲʲô顣
ܻű˻Ҫܡ
Ǹոʹʱĺֻۿħ
Ĭˡ
ʲôҪ˵ֻҪֻȥȵС
Ҳʱһ͸ʱմ˹쳹Ԫ硣
ˡ
˵ţƺڶߡ
Ϥ̲סЦˣħĲң㡣
˵ţֲһ䣺군ˡ


1589 
ЦˣЦǳЦ
֪˭ˡ
Ժеڶˡ
Ҳ²ģǲ
˭˭
ħһоһɿֲѹ
ԼһϤǹǱڻ֮Уڹؼʱɱħֵһޡ
˭
ħŻʵ
ѧԺԺһλϵĴڡ
һ㶼ǫ˵ţǾϣܵġ
ǼȻˣһⶼӭж⡣
ôҸҵĴԪ磬ҵ԰ٷ֮һǧķӳ˭˶У˭˶Ȳ㡣ħţתǳ֮еһط˹ȥ
һѾ˺ĴԪ磬ǿƵĴ˽
ǣˡ
׼ȷ˵Ӧֻǵһѡ
ѧԺԺҴҵĴԪ磬ôĵӡħŭȵ
ǣƽƽ棬Ѱޱȡ
ԽԽǾǺܿ¡
ƽʱ治˽񣬿ΪħԴȴǲ
֪ңһǻո˵ģӦøоˡĺúõģ㻹ûʲô¡Ǻƽ˵
ϣǵʶסԪ硣
˻
Ȼš
Ц˼һµħͷ˽ңҷһ·
ħȫһԣҪˡ
ӣʵ̫ˡ
߻ŶûС
ȵ񣺡ҵ磬˭ߣˣҲҪһ
⻰Цˡ
㻹ң治֪ߵغ񡣡
˵ţħ
һĳŻȥҪѧԺҲǱΨһ

ħĴԪ˷߻̲סˡ
һֳֻǵĺץȥֲ˺ʱա
ۿһץ֮쵽ˡ
ȥɣ
۳ȫ
ɾʱȴһͷƾһ㡣
ʲôһ㣬һָᴥռ䣬ʯˮһʱ˾޴
ԪĿռ䶼һѺۡ
Ԫ籾ħһģѷ죬ϻ˼һ
̲סǲҽ̿ޱȣֱԼ۾
൱Բ񾳽һץȴǰλѧԺԺһָ͸Ƶˡ
λѧԺԺжǿ
ûлػ˼Żȥ
˻ǰ
Ժ鷳ˡ
ޱȵ˵ţҲЩ
˵ҪħԪǣ̫ǲջҪ鷳ҳ֣ұոðǵٿԼ綼ˣæˡ
˵ǿӲʵǺܹĻ
۹⣬Ѿǵõ˴ԵԺһɳ춼¡
ԺˣҵĹ
ڵ֪ǱչرһֺܴĹ
߰ɣҴȥ
ǲ˵ʲô뻪Ҫһ뿪
Ҳ
ħԪŵĻᣬôľôˡ
߶ԪҲҪһ
ڤ粻顣
üͷĻûдôϾҲ㣬õ㲻ٺôһҪ»ٲҲˣ㻹ҪɱѧԺץˡ
֮С
ħ۳һӴħ壬Ǿһȭ˹
棬ܻһϵ
ұչؽ꣬ǻԸһԪ־ԺͲˡ
˵ţħȭͷץ˹ȥ
һץ֮£⻪ҫۣޱȣնʱѣǾһ㡣
ħȭͷҲһ޷ס顣
ƺǰһж޷赲
꣡
ħ޴ħ壬ҲǺȻ
ôôǿ
ħӰٴγ֮У˶Եɫ԰ס
ǵסˡ
ҪõħԴ
˵ţٴεԪ
Ǵ˿̣һ־סԪ磬Ƕһ㡣
ȻҲ޷κԪԪ綼ų

ţ˶סˡ
ߣ
Ҳʱһħ˿
ûиԪ塣
Ѿʧȥǣͷβ㶼֪ԼĶ˭
Ƕ޵Ŀռ˵µڶûпֻһѡ
֮Уʱ
ռ䶼һı飬Ԫڲ


1590 ǲ
⻰ħĴ̫ˡ
һȻֻһѡ
ȴ޻֮嶼Ĵɢˡ
߰ɡ
˵ţħԪ־
ԺħԪٳҡ
ʵҲֱӻħԪûôֻԤԺԪԻЩá
ʱ򣬴ԪȻʲô湥Ԫ硣
Ժһǹħħ
˵֪λħΪħԴѾħսһ
δӦǸоħԪ춯ֹȡ
ͼıħԴħͷǲ١
˵ţ뻪һӭȥȻˣǾһˡ
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ǿλԪ־ĻҲǹħħ
˵ϢħʵӦһЩҲѹǻ֡
͸ǣǿ嫵ĴԪ
ÿһԪпһϵĴСħԪһħ

ħ˿۾һ˷ޱȣħ쿴Ǹ͵ħԴħӡ
ħҲһϲɫ
ħԴ᲻ỹϡ
ħ۾Щȣ˭õ˻ܾ͵õħԴ
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֪ħͨľ귨򣬶Ȼܿġ
ǣǵġ
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㵹ǱǸħǿһ㣬Ȼֻܿһʱ򻺻ڣȻǳˣֱӸǣħԴѧ棬ǿԹˡ
ħħЦѡ

ĵӣô
̼䣬Ǿ˾ϡ
ħȿڣڨڨԺ˵ЦˣȻѧԺѧõħԴﻹȥᡣ
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ǣǣǣ
ħҲ˵ǸģҲûǸ
Щ
Щжǵĳٴһȼ
ԺƬħ
Ǳ˵˵ȻԪ绯ΪɻңǴӴԪ׽ó֮ռ忾˵š
ħħĶһæ˵ҡ
һ̣ԼԼ͸ǵ߷һӰ
Ӱ֪ںηʱգֻһ񿴹Ͱǵһ뷨
̫ˣ̫ˡ
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ħûзô뿪ģǸǶǳη塣
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ѧԺѧɲ˵Ժ̫ˡ
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ٴγֵʱǺͻѾϵ
ôͻˡ
оϤϢ̲סһж

ʱ˵ţһŻͨѧԺ
֪ȥ
ֻһܿͻɢصѧԺ֮󣬾һԼ֮ڵ⡣˵µʱҵʶ͸ʱգ鿴ħԴҲ²ĲħԴӦþֱԴ֮
ϸţЩϢΪҪ
ǿһ۵õϢܾ㹻꣬ϵ
֮УħӦñ֮Ϊһȱ취ʲôǱ취򣬿ԹΪγɣַں϶ɣȷԼȷĲ࣬ߵһ;Ҧߵľ·ӣҪ۵һȷʥϣڵȣԺԳ֮Ϊɡ
˵ţûо
֪ǵ״ﵽʲô磬Ȼһۿôࡣ
ħԴһӣһֱԴӣľķһ֡ھķһԿһΪӵԳûħԴȫƿħԴҹƵĲħԴΪ޸һһ
˵ţҲǱ𴫸һЩ
˵ͷѾһµ뷨
϶Ҫٴ۽磬Ҹһ飬ֱСģ۽硣ǻ˵ţʵǱոոݹһϢ
С棿
ޱȣš
˽۽磬ɾͲ֮󣬽תΪ
ǴԪȼġ
ȻתΪС
ֱСܳɹô
ǲ˵ʲôҲֻһ飺ȥɣѧԺɡ
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޾Ŀռ֮ǵı𻺻۾ѵҶѾˣûʶߵҰģԺǺڣҲԹñˡ
˵֮ٴα۾
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漶Ҳھ˼ޡ
ѧԺ֮УЩʧţʱѾע⵽
û֪ʲôֻǿŻΪ˲١
ΪȻǲˣϾĽ綼ħԴɵˡ
չأ
ĵڶ죬ͽռ䡣
ʱš
һ׻ˣǣһѧԺĴš
˺״к
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⹷϶
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ͬһ㡣
˶ǾޱȣѧԺȻֶһһȷѧ
ʱҲ˽ѧԺԽԽԼǣΪѧԺĺܿ¡
ѧԺȻһλ񣬶˵ѧԺĴڡ
ϲԹ⣬ȻҪʧˡ
ʱȥת۾֮
һ죬չصſˣ
Ѿչ˰ɡ
˵֮ǰˣΪȫϣڲָ֪ûС
ôûָģҿ
ţڳŻҡ
ʱһӰ˳ǻ
˿̵Щɣ֮ɫ
̫ˣļռһʱ䡣
ãһжûа׷ѡ
ڳħԴԼĵ֮УܻһСģ͡
ȻСֻƹСȴǸһǰδе
ɹˣΪ
ڵΪӦòһĴɡš
ǰʹ໻ڵķرν⸣Уһжֵˡ
վſڣԼͨѶ
ʱ棬ϵ˲١
л׷Ϣ˵ȾƵģһ֪׾Ȼһȷ
ԹϢź淭
һϤ֡
ħ
ǵСħԸΪԼħԴЩмġ
ڵΪӦǼţǴش
ħǸһ￴аɭɭЩ׵ӣû뵽ȴ˽
һʮϢǳħġ
ǰѯʣмһдţѾ֪飬˳ѹħ㣬ЩħҲȫˡ
ȴš
ֻ֣ң


1591 ϣŮ
ţʱ֮ǰ
ţɼӦӱʲô׷ɱ
죬Ӧǲұץ
Ѿˡ
ȻԲûκѶϢ
˭
ţܿ뵽ʲô
ǰʱ̫ؼˣԼԺħԪȻ֮
Ǹʱȥ׷ɱħģܿǸŮˡ
š
ˣԼ³ħ
ѡΪǿ
ħԼȣҲԭ򣬱ϾҲΪԼɵġ
ŪЩ֮󣬻Ѿɱ⣺ŮˣһҪɱ
ţͨ˳ħͨѶ
ϣħܻţǱȴûκ˽

ѧԺԺ칫ҡ
ԺûгءۻصһܽܲԺΪѧĲοһ¼ѧԺͼݡ
Ժ뷨ֻ֤˶ѡʵ˵
ֱС棬еʶ
˵󣬾кܴо壬Կһо⡣
ҵһѳ飬һҪ뿪һѧԺʱͲѧԺϿˡ
ʱֵҪˡ
Ѿ˲ٵĿγ̣ҵ顣
û⣬вĿγ̱ΪЦЦǲʲô
ʦڸвԽѧɻΪ
ͰһЩγ֮٣һǧһֻһſγ̶֡
Ҿ͸ˡ
˵ţתˡ
룬ǰѧԺĹƶȸ˻һݽ
ںħԴСӣµʽԻòǧĽ
գ۸ǧ㡣
ʵ߽һ򶼲֣Ժ֣Щ뷨ҲԺָģȻҪۿۡ
յ㽱ʱ򣬻Ѿ뿪˵
뵽ռ䣬һݹڼŵ鱨֪ڵλá
ϣŮۣš
ţɱʢ
Ů˳˴۾ΪڵǷŮۡ
ϣƺţ֡
ңԶϣǣ湬ԻͣƺΰŮ֮Уһ
Ǽŵĵ
ϣǿ񣬶ݡ
ڹ֮УһŮŻŵŮۣҿصǸͨѶˣһעǻֲͨѶҰķԸûн
ǹλϣһźȹŮӣǼš
ɫѾˣ૵ˣˡ
ЩţǺܿ侲
ϵôһ죬Ķ㲻
˵ţ¶һЦݡ
Ů澻֪ŵĴ㣬ЩηŮۣһüǸͨѶô
ͨѶ꣬˵ȥƲš
ʱŮ澣ˡ
ŮظѾӡ
ҽҪʲô
ѯʵϣܸһµĹ
ʱ򣬼ȴȵɯײŮۣ̱Ϊūϣǡ
ɯλŮ֡
żŵĻûзӦ˵
ײŮۣĵӣ֮
ֱͣӾǹץסס죬˳ȥ
ҲǣŮ۵ķԸ
˭ҲŮۻԩһСŮһʲôκ˶ô롣
žⲻ΢һС£ӰһͲˡ
һռ֮С
ռ֮Уһ޴
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ţ㻹ҪҶã
ħˣ
Ů˳˳ޣŮѾ˴ֻۣһܳɾͲࡣ
ѾԶŮ˵Ķ֣Էһֻ־ɱ
ܿˡ
ЦЦ˵ţˣˡ
֣ħ͵ؾһ
û֪ûʲôѣΨһѵľͻһ
ԸΪħԴҲΪ
˭뵽ûг˼Ůˣȴڹؼʱ˻һ
ǻѧԺǾˡ
ħĬˣʵһʼͲµ˼ŵĿģǾв
ҲΨһһֵȻˡ
Σ꣬Բסˡ
˵ţתˡ

ʱúܿ죬תѾǰ֮
ϣˡ
ʶһɨϣһࡣ
ǹڼƵϣˣʵϵҲ֮Ϊϣϵ
һжΪš
ϣһĴڣΪϣ֮С
ţҹ
Цţһ쳹
ϵ˶ˣ̧ͷȥע⵽Ǹߡ
ֱŮ۵֡
Ļӳ˻ɻһָͰǸ֮⡣
磬Ҿ֪һұû뵽һô졣
ʱһֻŴӹ֮з˳
һߵ˻Ķ棬Ϣ
Լ޲ǧеŮˣû뵽ȥԷȶΪȻЩ
ڣǳΪϣŮۡ
㻹˼Ҿ磬ҵʱôû磬ξ㡣˵Ůϧ㣬Ǳ֮𡣡
ûбˡ
ǿŵ˲䣬һĻƺָǰ
Ǿɡ룬һս
սһ˲䣬һΪ鼪ʹսսʽġ
Լ̫ˡ
Խ뵽Ů飬Խӷŭ
ɱ
ŭȵһֱżŴ˹ȥ
͸ռ䣬ƿޣϵֱżŵüġ
̧˳ƺҪ
ǿǳǰʱеսȴǳȥ
˷
ЦˣŻһ˸ʶʱ
ŵĿһĻ֪Ϊʲô㡣
ˣеĽҲƫ˷ֻǴ̴˼ŵļ򣺡ΪʲôҲ
ʵ䡣
ǷģξңжңѾһΣٴڶˡŻ˵ţɱҰɣ㡣
Ĭˡ
ħģ
ѯʵҪɱ˼ţҲҵħС
ŻҲûʲôģ֪ģҿԷҲɱңӦһ
˵ţޱȵļᶨ
ûʸ̸ߵʱˣŮʲô
ӦҵȻԶҵħЦЦҲϵƣԲסˣұҪҵԲһ
ǿޱû΢΢ü
ʲô
̲סѯʵ
Ϊ˾ȳħҲŵ
ŹҵȺҪǣǡ֪֮ǳ̬һ˷Ⱥ꣬ȺĶС˵ţʶ͸ռ䣬ƺҪ̫ϵٿһ顣
һ
ո˵統Բһʲô˼ѵ㵱ҲΪȺɣ
üͷ뵽˸ոռŵĻ
ѵʲô鲻ɡ
ǰҾϣλ֮һһǿ˹۹ˣҪūǣϣ巷Ϊūʱûа취ѡΪħӣõħΪඥΪﾳűסϣһ塣
ŵ˵ţڳһ򵥵ʵ
ʮǰ˷ϣһѪҺƷףϣһٴν٣֮˱ץΪūÿձѪѪӡʱҾ֪ұøǿҪΪۣҪΪֻܱ࣬סȺΪˣҿκ飬ǧָΪūǱõѶϧ
˵ţϣ˶̲סᡣ
ΪȺҿһУħҲһ
˵һץ̽ĳȿռ֮аѳħץ˳
ˣԶˡ
˻̹Ȼ
˿ȴζ²ȥˣҲΪ
ԥˣѾҲ޷֮ǰϡ
Լɱ˼ţ᲻ϣٴΪūľء
ʱˡ
ܵĽѾ
ζ˽ΪҪɱѾһˣŵѾȺϵһ顣
ħ

˻࿴˿Ȼ̾һ߰ɣҴ뿪
˵ţųħ뿪ˡ
̫ϵıԵشڷɴ֮ڣڻЩꡣ
һǸʲô˿Цá
ǰһūķɴҿ治ٶϣū
ħָָ˵


1592 ˣ
󣬷ľƱ
˵ϣѪҺƷףܶΪץϣΪѪ
ڿһūķɴԾľ뵽
ô£
˵ţ־ͷ˿ռ䡣
ūóױûкøУҲ־һЩϣˡ
˳˷ɴסūķɴ
ô£
ռôˣܽпռԾˡ
쿴ǰˡ
ɴע⵽ˣʱɫһ䡣
ʱһץֻɴͳһơ

ħʱȵĳӷɵ˷ɴ棬ǳӳŷݰѷɴ˺ҧһС
˶֮£ɴϾҪ塣
ȥ죡
̫ǿˣΪʲôǣ
һ쵰ÿ
˵ţ׷׵ӳ˷ɴ
棬һͷϣŮӣǿسħͨѶŮӿɯ
˿ҲȺֻʵӵ档
ʲôˣ֪֪˭ķɴһӲ⾳Ϊͳħȴһ㶼η塣
˿ɴĽ
ŴˣЦūóײ˵Щū˵ö֮
ħ֪Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ūóףҲûʲôøС
˿⻰ȴŭǹ̫ܵˣϣ۹˼ū佢֪˼ı˭ôǿϵϣŮۡ˼ū佢˼ūóףǾǺŮΪУмġ
˵ţΪš
ֻʱ򣬻ɫѾˡ
һоªūó׼壬ôͼų˹ϵ
żȻΪԼһУôܰԼ˷Ϊū
ⲻ
ħ˿Ҳüͷ˵˵ϣŮǺε֧Щūӣ
ҲǾⲻ˿ſڿӡ
ǣġ
ɾʱһЩ
ǱΪūĿɯ
ѭһץͰѿɯŲƵ˸ǰſɯüͷ𣺡ô֪ģ
ɯֶסˡ
˿ȻûϳħͿɯϾûмˡ
ԥһ׳ŵӵλˣϣŮ۵ŮȴϣŮԵ޹ʱΪūѾаˡūмϣϵˣҲΪԭ򱻱Ϊū˵Ҫλһʵϣϵɷ֮ụ̂ûмһΥϣŮƶɷͻᱻΪū
Ѿɫ΢䡣
ɷðԵ
ֱΪר˱Ϊūһ
ÿϣϵ˱ΪūȻͨ˼ءɯ˵ţΪū֮ѾϣŮ۳˺⣬˿лᱬ˼ı֮ϣŮۣΪϣŮ۾ǳ˼壬һ˼ļ֮Ůȫʵˡš
ʲô
һ̣Ī
ڵΪȫֱܷŮ˵Ǽ١
ԴϣŮ۳Ϊϵף֮Ѿڵϣ˱ΪūѾ֮ǰϣ֮еūϣŮ۱ϵףϣ䣬ǰȴȺ֮ūӣͨ˵õĲƸѾ޷
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˶ǱĻסˣΪ֪ıڰֱǴĿġ
ΪػߴһϣŮۣû뵽ȴϣūӣ˭š
ҾΪһСͻΪūġ
ҲǣϣϵɷǲǵģһѪܵĲū
ϣŮ۵òȻǵԼĲƸˡ
ū׷˵ţһʱǱַᡣ
ɫѾˣоԼƭˡ
аŮˣôԼ˵ΪȺ׳һС
ƭӣŮ˾һͷβƭӡ
ַʽΪԼѣԼѪЩϣūԶᱻڹС
Ůĸ
˵ţɱ
ħҲһ
Ƕʲô˶ұ죡
˿ȵ˿ɯū
ūŻˣųźȥһ˾ŵС¹
ñ㡣
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ǻѾɱ⾪ˣ˿̿˿ҽҲƲס
͵һȭȥֲһȭ˺ѿռ䣬Ȼһײ˿ؿϡ
ֻһ졣
˿Ϊ촷ۣĲˡ
ħҲ˿¸ɱˡ
ʬ֮У˿Ķǵսľġ
ߣϣǡ
ҧֻɱˡ
ħһµ֪ںڿŴ۵ʵôöԸġ
Ȼ֪Լȴ֪ڵʵ
ģаա
˵ţȻһ˻ȥУЩϣ˰һ£ɱ˼㡣
ħ˵ͷ֪ԼȥҲﲻʲôæ
񶾵Ůˣˡ˵ţų˺ֱϣǡ
˿ŻԶȥӰ֣š
˵˭ȻȥɱϣŮۡ
ϣǣŮ֮С
ڸԼˣһ̴ļ򣬻Ǹ˲ơ
ֻҪƭЩֵõġ
Դ֪˻ѧԺѧѧԺȻѹħ֪ǵġ
ʵɱ˻϶ҲѧԺ˹ǶԸħһɱˡ
޷ֹԼ
˻ϣо꣬뵽ķ
ǾǰԼϣһû޷Լ֣ΪǻǸѧԺĽġ
ɱһˣ൱ϣһ塣
ϣһ޹ġ
ֻܷ
ΪһϷɻء
ԺĻͳװȫˡ
Լ˵ʱ򣬺ȻоһǿϢסϣǡ
ô£
ֲԤУֹͣˡ
ɾʱ޵Ŀռ֮һƿնֱŮ
˭
ŴȵӶ˳ȥ
䣡
һ䵽ŮֱӰǸɵŮ񿳵ϡ飬ӴŮҲ̼Ϊ˷档
ˣ
ŭǻ
գĿŰ֮ļš
磬ʲô˼
𾪣֪©װ׵ӡ
ݼ̫ˡ
ǻ˿ɯūܻľŮ޹ġ
ʱ㻹ҪȥôĮ˵ţһÿ˷ΪūŮˣôԼ˵ԸΪȺһСŮ˵ֻԼûʲôȺһ˵˽˵ȺĲƸĹߡ
һһֵ˵ţ쳹ϣϵ
ϣǶˣһ̶Ĭˡ
ϵĲΪһ׼ܾðɡ֪һ㱨Ͱıַʽԭ㡣
ڼ˵ţȴѾɱ⣺ϧˡĶУѾȫ֪
˵ţɻС
˱˿ҲԷʲô
ɱ
ٴζ֣һȥʱգ߸Ǭ
ɫ䣬ȴҲҳɣսն˹ȥ뻪սһ顣
㲻Ըôôڻˣ
ŻûǴЦ
ΪζżˣȻỹ֡
ãû뵽㻹ǲϷŹҡȻˣֻɱ㡣һĺݶ֮ɫ˿ѾͼذѾûıҪ֪㱳ѧԺɱ֮Ҵ˾ԶΪ࣬ҾҲ
ȻѧԺԼ鷳
ͼıΪԭҲһ
ܺãļš
޵ȴЦóһΪΪ˾ŮۣһòȻӣ붼ÿЦȻɱңҲɱ㣬ǽһ˶ϡ
Ҳǻһħһ
áӦֻ㣬ǰӵ˴۾Ϊڸȫȹ磬һǰΪϣ类٣ΪָˣҲҵĶ֡Ѱֻˡ
֮ܡ˭ֻ֮ǻָΪڵľܴȵġ෴ΪԼģȫΪУҲǱһֽһ΢һ¾ͻԳʲôŮۣҿҲڴ۾֮Ҳһۡ
⻰ɫ䡣
˵ˣڵļž
ǴۣЩԼĴȣ಻һ㡣
ǿţ


1593 ֮
ٷϻһὣɱ˹ȥ
Żź񿴵һȽȽ
ɱ
Ȼ𾪣ȴҲ֮ˡ
еս˵Ļȣ˰ߵա
˵Ĺײһ飬ȫϵײ˭÷ֺ
Ǻܿ죬ž¶𾪵ɫ
ΪȻռϷ硣
Ϊôôࣿ
Ż֣̿ǰʵ
ײü١
˵Ǿ֮ܣȻ类ٵȴƶֱСӣ춨˳ɾ֮෴õħעΪһ죬ʵԻǰ̣ԺҲ͵ΪֹˡĮ˵ţѼźò׻õĳɾͱһĲֵ
ŵˣʽҲ
սڼ

ǼŰԣӿʼ뻪Ӳǻػٵڵֻܱ
ûʤĻᣬֻܹӲд
ϣϣϣ˿ҲǸѡ
ΪѾǿˣڻȴ֪졣
飡
׼ʱһȭ˼ŵؿڡ
ۿɼģؿڶǰȥ
̲סһѪ˳ҲǵɳȥԶ
ҳСˣҲû뵽ʱ䣬㲻Ϊȫָһӵдۼʵ˵ţɫΪء
ȷʧˣⱾǴش
ѧԺѧѧԺͳ֪
㲻СңСѧԺ
Ҿӹ֪ⲻԼĹͣǰҽ类٣ԼԼˡǸʱԺħԪѹħħ嶼ɢҴħԪȻأҵԱסˣԺָңҽķ򣬲ƶΪ
һжԺİ
ûԺûڵ
ѧԺԺҲ˵á˵ţ֪Լܲ
ܿܣ
Բ鷢
ò׻˴ۼʵܾôˡ
ҪĴˣɡ
һ۾Ϳ˼ŵ˼Ůˣȴ
Žȭͷ֮ɫ
Ҳ
˵ţȴһ˶ֵľٶ
ֻһûгŻǳϣն˹ȥһȫһԴݻϣǡ
񶾵Ůˣʲô
һҪȥϣ滹мܴ
Ů˼ֱˣǿɶ˰
ϣϣϣѾǸоڱƽ
ҪɱǵģȻǵϣŮۡ
ϸоԸȻʲôϵĺˣҲǾϵĻˡԶΪΪԼΪ׼㼵𣬿ɱ溣ֱˬҲΪһʶ˳ڣʱˣҪɱұ𣬻ǳ־ϣǧڵ
ŵ˵ţ˼ʱ伸ѻоͨ͸
ǲȣǾ
˵ţͱˡ
ֻҪȥЩˣĻᡣ
˽ٴˢ˻ĵߡ
ѡʱˡ
˵ţתߡ
ڻ׷϶ѲˣͶĻ
ǧϣˣʲô顣
ŭˣ̲ס
ż׷ȥ׷ȥͣ
תͷ
ǧһ䣬ϣ֮ǰյѡ
޷ΥԼıģ޷ǧڵԼǰ
ϣϣϣ˿ŻǱˡ
һ˳羴˸м
ϣŮҪɱǵʱ˾ǣǻ
һУż׷ȥѾŵӰӡ
ʹʱݵķȴǿƿռ䣬Ȼֱӵķȥ
Ҳԣ֮֮ء
ֻнӣܻлͻƵླ
۵ʵӣȴΣأȫڲˡ
ͶԼ㣬ƽ
ԥһվû׷ȥûвʵóȻӡ
һӣˡΪӾܳΪ࣬Ժʤң쿪ԺǵĲֻԽԽ󣬾֮л´ټʱɱ㲻һֻѶ١ߵתصϣǡ
ħſɯ
üˡ
ʵ˵ЩΡ
ħ˵ͷѾ֪ˣոյһĻѾϣϵ˶˼ŵĿ
˵ͷҲһϢɡ
ħʱһƿɯЦܲ뵽пɯŮŮҵͨѶꡣϵҵʱͨѶǰ
ɯЩн
Իûгħô̹Ȼ
顣
̲סЦЦԵֵҲ
ҴΪһ顣ħڼˣϣϵۿžҪңϣܰϣȶѹסĻҾ档
⻰Ȼѡ
˿ɯ̲סǵСѾͷʲôҪ󶼸ᣬǰһŮôܵҲ̫ˣ֪ΪϣŮء
⻰ɯһ
ôﲻһѣ
ħʵӵͦġ
˼һ£εͰҿɲ£һҪæ
˵ָ֮֮ǰŮȻһط
ħͿɯǾ㵲ѣ⻹ǹԵġ
ʱȥ
һ֮ϣϵĶҲֹͣ
棬˼ǧ˱ħɱ˴룬һЩūó׵ļҲû⡣
ϣϵǳױϴһ飬ǰŵȫγ
һ죬ڻĵط
ɯˣŻݵл˾ϣһ壬ϣĶˡ
ЦЦȫ㲻ϡ
ˣϹġ
ÿɯЩֵֹġ
ˣһһ֮롣
ɯԥһ£ȴ˵
Ȼǲ֮룬Ǿͱ˵ˡȫ·ƵĻÿɯڵ
ɯһʱ֪ôټȥˡ
Щ
Цģʲô֮룬˵ʱƿڴЦ
ˡɯЩŭȻȴޱ࣬ҵĲ֮ǡΪͽ
ۣ
ոһڵĲˮֱ˳
ΪԼˡ
˵ʲô
ŵʵ˫۶ſɯ
Ϊͽɯʱƹˤļơ
һȷʵû
ɯȻҪʦ
Ｋˣ̲סǵɯԼһѧôΪͽ
ʱ򣬳ħ˹
ȿȡħɿЩ˼ʵģɯҪΪϣһ䣬ϣ۹ŮۡЩͲһˣشţǧڵϣˣ˭籸˵ϣϵһ㡣
ˡ
ԼտɯΪͽʵ൱ڿɯԼĴһ
ʱ˭Ҳ
˳ȫ
ɯٴ˵Żǰһݡ
ϵǻʮ֮˿ɯ
ɯԾЩš
ѹ̫ˣ϶Ǻ乵ġ
ɯһˣ˵ʵҺܿ㡣һһ˵ӵɯԼҪ󣬵ΪʵܿȦɵ㣬ҲʲôɢޣҲʲôŵĳִ£ֻѧԺһѧѧҵûдﵽԣҲΪͽⲻʡ
ɯɫˡ
ϵįѾ¶ɡ
ħһҲΣҲ޷Ԥľ
ôȻ޷ΪͽȴΪѧʱЦѧͬͽܣһһЩȴ޷ʦľܾܽͽܣܽҲˡ
˵̯̯֡
ܳŵľٸı䡣
⻰ɯѾס
ΪԼԸգû뵽ȴķ·ת
ԱߵĳħѾߴɯ㻹ʲôôõĻᣬǧܴˡ
ɯǵͷͰݡ
ЦпǧԼȻһѧˡ

һǧ
˽Կɯָ㣺ˣ͵ɡ
ɯ˵ͷ
ȻµϣŮۣ磬Իȴ˿Ĳ
һܺϸѧЩŰ塣
ǻͽܣʵѾͽݡ
ɯҪѧԺˡ
˵ţԱߵĿɯ˲ᡣ
Ȼ֪һ졣
ڻ̵һǧ棬ĸܵʦѧʦ֮顣
ʱֵֻѾ⾳۷壬ǳ羳һ缫ΪؼԺķչ룬һᡣ
᣿
ɯסЩ֡
˵ͷصҴѧԺѧԺѧϰꡣ


1594 СʱձԴؾ
⻰ɯˡ
ȥѧԺѧϰꣿ
ǰζ顣
Żѧϰǧ꣬Ѿ֪ѧԺ档
ô㲻Ըȥ
ЦϾĿſɯ
Ը⣬ҿ϶Ը⡣
ɯѿڶϲ̫ͻȻˡ
죬ɯźϣ۹飬ħΪ˱ľ֮Ըϣ۹פ꣬ȴɯ
ʱˮǿ֮һսڻʻš
ǰѧԺڵϵˡ
˵ţЩ䣺εѧԺԽѧԺѧϰѧԺһЩҶѾ˵ˣǧҪס
ɯͷٴΰѧԺһƶĬһ顣
ǻģܸ£Щƶȱμǡ
ϧѧԺѧϰĻᡣ
ɴϵ֮󣬼ŵĽȥ
һ·ϣɯԵķϵͬϵĵطܺƽûūûѹȣû溣
̫ƽаȫС
ʦҸоڿҡɯȻڣĴ˿ȴûпʲôˡ
ܽţЩ֪롣
סЩȵĿſɯ㾹Ȼоˡ
˵š
̧ͷ˿޵ǿգһ־־ǵľۣ֮Ϊۡʱʱ̿ػŵİΣڽϸ̲飬ȷϻ᲻в֪ǰѾӵдۼʵǲ֪ǿ󵽺̶ֳȡ
⻰ɯЩȡ
־̫ˣϣǴô꣬Ȼ޷־
߰ɣҽѧԺ
˵ţ˾ʧ
ѧԺ硣
ɯһ;ˣ̫Ũˡ
ûҲر
ЦЦſɯιѧԺ
ǳвѧڵĵطԺ
ǱǽסᣬѧԺȻнƶȣʵϵĿǰΪֹˣд󶼻͹һЩ֮ˣǵĽҲǶ̵ĺܡ
ѧԺͼݣϵ༶µУҲԽȥ
һѾǰȥ
Ҷסˣʦ
ɯ˵ţԼһʥء
һҪúϧʱ䡣
Ǻãڴȥһ½㰲һ¿γ̡
õġ
ɯڴ
ʱȥ
ɯѧԺĽܿ죬һЩѧԺѧ
֮ͳɹͻƵ˻羳֮һ·ﾳȥ
ɯĻú飬סô
۾˵ǿɯרʦ
ڿɯͻƵ羳֮ѧԺͷֿɯڻž츳Ϊⷽĵ۾Ƚס
۾ܸⷽߣǿɯͱ˻۾
⣬ɯ˴ľ
Ƿ޼ɸĽ顣
ѧˡ
ɯ˵ţȻл츳ʵȴϲľһЩ
۾ƺĿɯ뷨֪ôľһ㣬ѧԺҲľп̺һһȷ򡣲ҲҪС˻Ȼֻһֶȷ򣬵Ժ˵ģܰѻоĳ̶ֳȣһȷ򡣡
ЩĿɯȻס
Ժ֡
Ϊǵָ㣬ƶֱӽΪۡ
Ժ˵ģ϶Ǳ
۾룬ֵԺһ˼·˵ĴǼȻܻûһУܻܲûһȷûһڻ˾Ӧܡһ̶ȣδزܰõĶתΪʵΪһĶ㸲
ɯסþòŷӦ
úɣʱǿĵ·Ѿˡ
۾˵ţֵҪ˷ѻȡĽᣬ֪ܶΪѧԺ꣬˶Ĵۡ
˵ţ۾뿪ˡ
ɯ˵ʲôջǴסˡ
һ֮
ɯ뿪ѧԺصϣ۹
ʱ⾳ȥʱѾﾳˡ
ѧԺһ꣬춨δΪĸĶ


ңԶǿ֮Уһ漶ɴڿٵʻš
ɴˣһ˪ΪһڵİŰ
ϰڻõʱΪʲôҪЩͶʵĲҵˡŰЩǺ̲ܶסʵ
˪ӪѧԺĲҵ֮вϵͶʣΪѧԺ׬ȡ˴ĲƸ
ЩʱգȴڲϱһЩҵҪһ
ǼеСʱձԴؾҪˣҪһȥ˪˼һ£ûҲ֪Ĺ漰ռ䣬СʱձԴؾʺҡѧǶ½ͻƵʥɾ磬ҲҪŬˡ
СʱձԴؾŰסǵһ˵ؾ
ǵġ˪ýؾʸΨһǼе˻ڲҵĴȻӪѧԺĲҵʮˣѧԺǼеĴʵҲֻвǧڲҡʱҴʮҪˣ֮ǰұճôǮҵ־Ϊ
Űȫˡ
˪ҪͻƣСʱձԴؾԲܴ
ⲻҪ˵ʲô˽ģ˪ΪѧԺ׬ôǮѧԺĲƸ¾ѧԺʦ֪ˣҲ֧ô
˵˪ʲôϵ
˭ҲҶ졣
ǰǾ޽ˡ˪ǰһž޴ȥеİ򱶴С
ǰĻû֪
ڵĻ콢ڸٸպա
ΪģֻΪһҾ޴ս칫˾ʵ漶սҹ˾ʵҲողŰѡ
ҹ˾֣ǽս칫˾
û֪ս칫˾ΨһͶ˾˪ռɰٷ֮ʮ
޽ǣ
Ű뵽ʲô¶˷ŭ֮ɫϰҼǵõǺͱǩͬʱ˵õÿһηֺ죬Ҽǵ꣬ûиǷֺ˰ɡʵ͸ˣǸһһһԶŵСˣǾͲͶһеս켼
ɣս˾ĳߡ
ʮǰս˾ʹˣֻʱȴǱƲ˪ڹؼʱȻҹ˾
ˣʼǰ꣬ɸҵķֳɻǽȻǰ㣬ս˾ӯȣȴȫɱ͸ЦˣɾȻ˾ɣܾ˷ֳɡ˪˵ţЩ䣬ò˵ҵ궼ˣɾԲһõĺߡ
ι˪Ҫ¡
˭̰Ǯ⻹һȾ޿
ϰιô죿Űʵ
ܼ򵥣ȲˣñɰѸ÷ָҵǮ³Ȼڱս˾Ĺɷȫۡ˪ǲ˼˵һ;˵ġ
ȱǮҲȷʵûбҪٺȥˡ
ԣǲɺùŰҲߺߵ
˿̵ľ޽棬һİ칫֮С
Ǹ˪ˣһüͷǱɣһܿˡ
ǵġһӦ˪¸ʼҪˣЩĿ׼á
ˣЩɫÿ
̫ˣ˵˪һɵӶ֪ûаպԼ˪ֳɡ
ߣͲɡ
ȴǰ˰֣ںǩͬʱ򣬹涨ǿʱˣǾ顣ĲôŸͶ˶ǮȴռǱս˾ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣҸķֳʵѾ֮ǰͶʵˡ
ɾ˪Щ̰ᣬ˪ļơ
кԼԭ
ˣ˪²ô죿Щ˵˪֮еͶʣд󱳾ġ
󱳾
Цڻµ۾ʮλǧѾǵǸ˾ˡʱǺþۺɢһôѿҧŲţ벻޽ǡ
ʱĬˡ
ȻǲƲģ˭ǾĲƸ϶ҲԸָ˰ɡ
ɾҪЩƸΪУһж̰֡
ʱһˣ˪µˡ
⻰վ
ѹ˾ĸ߲㶼ϣһȥӭ䶭¡
ǡ
˵ţʱʮλ۾ǿ߷׷׾ۼ
ǿһЩ򼶵ӣǱɵš
˪ھصȴš
ȻоһɹǿϢ
ЩϢ޼ɵĹ۲
һ
˪üͷ￴ɵ뷨
ŰҲϰҪǻȥϰ壬ɸˡ
˪ҡҡͷڱչأɲȥš
£ԼԽ


1595 ʸ
ɸоԼĿĴﵽˣȺ֮˳
䶭ôˣ
˵ţһƤЦⲻЦӡ
Ҹһǹ˾Щ߲㡣
˪ش𣬾ͽܵλŬ˹ŽΪǱս˾¡λأ˽ΪҲǹ˾¡
һһ˵ţʮλ۾ȫһ顣
ԼҲŽ׵ΪҪ֪˪Ͷʱﾳ۷ѡ
ֻ˲ʮ磬ñս˾ӯȡԴ
Ȼʣܡ
˪˵ͷ
ԱߵİŰǵߵʲôΪ˭ûм۾Ƶġ
ɫ΢䣬ȴҲûʲôʾ
䶭Ѿ㰲źסҪҪס¡
˵ʵͲ˪뿪
ʱ˪ȴҡҡͷˣĿľǲˣֱӴȥ˾ĲҡˣҪĿӦöø׼˰ɣ
ɫ΢䡣
û뵽˪ȻһУȫľ浱¡
䶭Ǿҵ
ɼҧ˵ĿѾ׼ˣܸ
˪ЩֻԼ顣
ܿ죬һȺһ칫ңõһ̨Ŀ
ʲôֽʴţ֮ͱȡˡ
һ˿ڸ䶭
˵ţǱܣĿмɡ
š
˪˵ͷһǰһ̨ļ
䶭ȸˣҪʲôʿʱҡ
˵ţ뿪ˡ
ɫѿܿͱЦȡ
ɣô
ţȫûаϡ
棬˪ڿЦڲˡ
ļʮǿĽΪر𿪷ģֻҪһӿھͿѯҲҪʲô
ʱȥ
֮˪վɫѿ
ϰнˣ
Űѯʵʲô
˪ˡ
ţû뵽̰ôķֺ졣˪ǿԼ侲ҵȻҲЩסҲû뵽ô󡣿ԼͻƵ۾磬޵ˡˣֻǰһ棬Ŀȷʵֵýύ
ǽô죿Űѯʵ
ȻǷҵķֺ컹Ȼɷݣñս˾𡣡˪ɲһҹ˾ʲô顣
Ͷ˲֪ټҹ˾ȫΪ档
û棬ԸͶʵĹ˾ա
ȥɹ

ǡ
ŰӦ
ܿ죬ˣЩνĹ˾߲Ҳȫ
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䶭ôˣ
Цһʲô֪ӡ
Щ߲㣬ҲǺϾĿ˪
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˪ƽ˵ţɱս˾һҪҵķֳһǧڲңҵֻİڲңʣµİ˰ڲңɶʱң
˰ڲңһΪ˵֡
˵ɲԸǻһĲˣ϶ҲҪ̰īˡ
ҵĲĿϸò˵һ㶼СȻҲںҷĿ⡣ڣҪһĿô
˪˻֣ǰʼһĿ
ɴ˿Ѿɱ⣺䶭ʲô˼
ɲԼˣȻġ
ðɣҳĿȷʵ⡣Ҳ룬㵱ŸͶ˲һңﶼõİңѵôɵĮ˵ţ˿ҲٽƱˣҵڲƭǩǼΪƽȵĺԼҷˡ
˵ţΪļᶨ
İ˰ڷֺ죬ҲٸԺķֺ죬Ҷٸս˾ҵģЩǮ׬ģƾʲôָ㡣
ߺߵǳ̯ˡ
˪һ㶼֣ʱԤϵһĻ
ɣôĵӡҲ룬ϰɵʱ򣬱ս˾ʲôʱǷһƨծҪѱս˾ˡ˵ϰĹ˾õĵһͬҲϰйϵǩģڵãȻ˰ǣȫˡŰŭȵ
ס졣
Щĺ
ʱ״˰һ
ô㶼ó˵ˡŰȴһ㶼
˪ҲǼˡ
ʲô
ɱǣɱǡ
ɴȵҲƲסԼȡҵĹ˾ŶûС
ȫǱˣֻԶ˪ͰŰʧ
Ļһλ۾ˡ
ɾʱ˪ˡ
ͻأʧˣȻٳֵʱѾ˱ߣɾȻȫûв
Щ۾Ҳ¶˾֮ɫ
ôܣ
Ҳǻ֣̿ûзӦʱ򣬵
Ѫɽ
ֻԼһֱ۱ʹȫ
ץסץס
ɴȵҪһ
Ǽλ۾˿ռ䣬Ҫȥ׽˪ʱ˪ȴȫ˿ռһ㣬ٴʧˡ
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˶ˣ˪ٴͻأĳ֣һѱɵһֱҲ
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Ŭ˹Щ˵ӰΣֱȡ
Ž׵ΪȴҲ˪û취ֹһ¶
ⲻǷ򡣡
˪˵ţߵĻûңҪɱ˭Ľһµû˿赲ұĻǲôģ̫ˡ
Į˵ţȴǿӲޱȡ
ɵѾЩıŵˡ
ûм˪֣Ϊ˪ͨߡ
Ǵ˿̣֪Լش
˪Ϊǿﾳ۷壬Ҳ١
ټ˪ûֶΣɱ͸ˡ
ոҪǳҪѾ֪
ڸѡ񡣡
˪ۿűɣһԹԵİǷķֺ컹ҡڶҰɱˣȻ˾ʱûҵķֺ졣
Ѿ֪ôˡ
Ŭ˹㶼ֹ
ڻĴ롣
Ŭ˹˵ͷصֹˣֶʵ̫棬Ҹⲻˡڣҿǰһ֣пܾ͵֮ˡҸоƺƿ˿ռһʵҲֹﾳô򵥣ոյٶȺ͹ǿȣԿȽ׵ĵ۾
⻰ñɸӻ̿֡
̫С˪ˣȻԼ˪һ֪
ԴԼ˿ȫﻢ¡
˪˵ʲôڵűɵľϡ
֮жҲڵ
һ涴Ĺڵǵ롣
涴޴ڣͨ涴Դռ䡣
Լ֮ĳ涴Щ涴˳涴ƣЩ涴ԪϵؾۺϣܿҪγһ֮ڵİռ䡣
ֹҲӵִ涴Ųƣӿռ
ĿǰԲ֣Ȼ˭
ٲѡҾѡˡ
˪˵ţĵһᡣ
ѵʱҪڱɵĲһ
Ұѷֺ㡣
ҧԼСҪɲôˡ
תˡ
˪
ﻹҳɣ
һӣ˪յһȰ˰ڲҵתˣԼĿһ
Ű߰ɡ
˪˵ţ뿪ˡ
ɿ˪ıӰ˿̶Щη塣
ֻû߳ȥԶ˪Ȼͷˣ˸һѾѱս˾ĹɷݷŵҪѱս˾ΪУȥġ
⻰һڲˤ
Ǻúݶ

֮
ϰս˾ĹɷѾˣϧֻĵһǧڲҡŰǸɣ뿪֮תƱս˾ʲ±ս˾ļֵµ֪ͲӦ͵͵ǹɷͺˡ
СѾͷǲɵս˾ôɷ֮٣˽˭϶֪Ϊ滹Ҫǩ֡˪ε˵һǧڲңһڲҵǴչˣСʱձԴؾĽʸˡ
˵ţǼеĸҳ档
Ȼ롣
ֻҪǼǱߺ˶ʲҲ֮󣬾ͻظ
ʮ֮һظϢˡ
𾴵ĿͻãϲСʱձԴؾʸһ֮ǰСʱǡʱǻйԱͳһؾǽؾ֪ϸ
˪Ϣеһʯͷڷˡ
Сʱؾ˵Ҫһˣ²Ϊһ޴


1596 Զ
ŰظŵʱҲΪ˪˲ѡ
ϰһͻƵʥɾ硣
˵ţ˪Լ϶
ʱĹȥת۾͵Լʱ䡣
ŰҪǰСʱǣ֪ʲôʱܹءʦҵְ񣬼֮ѰҲҵͶʡʦĲ̵ȫͨ۹أһѧԺʲֵֻҪУͶʵһЩҵǲģ˪˵š
ȽϤĿǰҲһһڡ
渺Ͷʣ̵ѧԺĸֲҵάѧԺʲת
ҪСʱձԴؾҲֻˡ
ŰǾ鷳ˡ˵
֪˪Щ֮ͶʵĲҵʮ֮ȻҲ˽⣬ȴԶŰ֪ôϸ
ܶطȷʵҪŰ
ӦõģʦŰͷ
˪ŷģȷûбͳˡ
Сʱǡ
һŴޱߺڰ֮е򣬴ڵʷѾ޷׷ݣһž޴ĺǣźǵͺľˡ
˵һλռ䷨·СʱձԴؾ
֪ʲôԭλؾǼС
ǼеõСʱձԴؾȨ֮ΪͶʣرԼĿͻͰﳹ׸ˡ
ǣҲڲҿԽСʱձԴؾ顣
Ůŷɴ
Сʱ棬һ΢΢һɺӼ˪ķɴ׼ӭӡ
ӽ϶Ǽ֮гܸߡ
εؾҲ֮
ˣɺӼźҲųʮɣԱһŮ˵Ůӽ˹٣ǵ϶ūȻ϶ūݣǳƺ϶Ϊˡʵǵ϶֣Ҳ͵϶һŽΪ
ʮǼڲҵĴʮ־˵һ顣
֪ڲҴģһҲЩްԼһЩϴ֮ġ
ǵģɺӼҲʹʮʷЩƵļȫ޷ȣɺӼŵķչ죬ʲÿ궼ᷭһҪҲĵ˪Ͷ۹⣬ͶʵĲҵĿǰٷ֮ʮ϶ӯģҶ޷ȡ϶˵ͷ
ܿɺӼŵǱԺԻΪǼĴͻ
˱ύ
ȷʵҿȻֻﾳΪ˹üΪһƿϲƸͶ˵ʵǺܵˡ
һļƶĸǽ۾
ʲôֵģһͶҪĲΪͶʵ۹⡣Ǹ⼯ŵҲһᣬһﾳ۷ΪƿصͶǰٱ˪ȻǵΪȻ͵㣬ʵǵΪȴǿ۾ġñ˪ҸոյϢھ޽ϵһȺ۾Ͱѱս˾ıɵ۾ϵˣɵ۾Ž׵Ϊ㶼൱϶˵ţɲ˪ˡ
˪ǸȶǱܴԺΪ඼Ǵϣ
˪ķɴˣȥӭһ¡
϶˵ţֱ˹ȥ
ǼегֻԷҴɲܶԷΪ
һͨˣҪǼиڲҵĴβ࿴
С㣬ӭСʱǡ
Ŵӷɴ֮г˪Цŵ
϶гþòǼлǿȻŵ˴εؾˡ˪ЦЦ
Ǽ϶ġ
ѧԺһڲҵʱ򣬶Էϵ԰ѧԺ˻˰׽𼶱
ʲôزصģǿ˵ҵ˵϶صҪĻЩͻ֧֣СĴͻ
˪ЦЦ֪˵ʲô
С㣬ǼеĴܱһ꣬ҿǵ˻Ӱ׽ڽ𼶱𡣺ٺ٣ڽ𼶱Ͱ׽𼶱ܵĴȫһġ˵ģʱǻһǼУеҵֱϵ϶˵š
һܺϸгʱ򶼲ҵ
˪һ£ƺûзӦ
ҿһ¡
˪ûһڻؾҪȥٿһĿԡ
֮ниͶʣǼдýν֪࣬Ĳͬ˻ܵĴͲ಻С
ñǰ׽𼶱Ǽ͸һЩͶѶϢֻкڽ𼶱ʮ֮һ
ٺñȸոյ϶˵ڵһǼУ֪ĿǰɽҲֻһ׼ǼУھѧԺԶɽҪСǼУп԰޷ҵһ֮ǼǼУ๫棬Ӷҵչ
϶˵ʲô˪һ޴ķ䡣
ѾˣҲҪؾġ
˪򵥵Ŀһ£Ȼǧˣ⻹ֻǴ˴νġ
֮еļǶĲ񻰣ֻе̫͵ˣΪ֪ѡ
˪Ҫʱȴһ
˪ɺӼǲͶԪԭ˾һŮӣ˿ɫĲÿЩͱ˵ζ
⻰Ҳǿ˹ȥ
϶סΪȣǸ˪Ͷˡ
ǵģʲô⣿
˪üͷҲʶȵġ
֮мͶʷĳͻʤҲ϶ͷˡ
˵ʲô⣬֪֪⼯ѾںԪԭ˾ӴˣΪػ̸ٴΣʱ꣬ۿ̸оҪɹȴͻȻһţԪԭ˾עڲҵʽʹֹ˺ǵ̸Сȷŭ
ǰȻ˪ʤ˫ӯ
һβһʧǧڲҵͶİܱʡ
ܷŭŻڴ˿̽зѡ
⻰ҲĿɿڴЩ˪ĵȻ⼯ѡеͶʶ󶼸ҽغ
⻹Թˣ
˪ЦˣЩ£֪⼯ŲϴѹԪԭ˾Լ͵ļ۸չҹ˾ȫҵ򡣶չ۸˾ĿҲôֻתԭ˾ԭ˾ԭ˾ͷķҲǲĴǽֹȥһҪľǸƣʱԪԭ˾˻ʧҵ
˪Ļ˶ǳĬˡ
˪˵ЩǶܶΪһͶˣΪ涼޿ɺǵġ
ɺӼŵͶʷʽʺԪԭ˾ǩ֮ͬǰԷǵעʣʲô⡣ѵǿϵͶʶ󣬱˾Ͳܲˣʲôʱĵˡ˪Ц
˰ͷʱһõͶʶвټ
֮еһֳ̬ûʲôԵġ
ֻȻȾ˪Ͷʶ
ҲϾǵͶֻͬǲǹⱨңֻԼ֪˵ţ֮зʵ˵ҲҺҶһѣӮˣֹͣԪԭ˾עʡ
˵ţЩǿơ
ʲô
˪üöԷһӣ
һսӮ
ȵȴʮ㣺ڶﾳ۷ΪĻǿռ䷽ķҲԽ׶ԵСһսƽɸҶģ
϶ڣ˶ɵۡ
ô
һսӮ
˪ЦˣͬΪ磬˵Ӯȴȫڲ֮ء
Ȼһֺ
Է⼯ţ˵ʲôصֶΣҲò
Ӯأ
˪ʵʵѾӦˡ
㲻ӮȻҪӮˣҲֹҵһͶʡ롣
˵ģӮˣҪ˳ҩ˾ɡ˪ǲ˼˵⻰˶ޱȡ
ҩ˾֮ҩ칫˾Ͷʿҩ˾Ҳ֮Ϊ۹һͶʡ
ҲͶʵĳɹȲųɹλ
˪ΪֱǸ׳нһ㣬ˣ롣
ôˣ
˪ĮЩ
ңʲôҵģҲ䡣
ҧҧӦ
ʱѾûĿܣԼΪȷš
ɾʱԶĿռȻѿһ϶
ǣ
סȻ˷ܵСʱձԴؾˡ
϶ʱҲǿڵ϶СʱձԴؾؾǴ򿪵ģҪһλܿÿοʱһСʱʱ棬ȥĻ൱Ƿʸ񡣡
⻰˪ȶһ
ڻȲˣֻܵȴؾʱ˵ΪҲһһ¡


1597 
϶ʱֵˣ׼һ½ȥ
⻰˷׷׿ʼͨѷؾ
϶ֿ˿˪ȣελڻǽؾҪϾؾʮŻῪһΡΣ´β֪Ҫʲôʱ򡣡
˪ȻҲ
˪ؾ֮һս롣
ʵýؾԼƣֻһ۷򣬳ɾ͵۾
˪ʱḷ́ܶҲﵽﾳ۷壬ǻȴδء
ǽȥֱ֮ͻƵ˵۾磬˪޷ͻƣʱѹԵȡʤ
á
˪˼һ£ȴǺʾ
˸һǰһؾõ϶Щ
ˣôؾһս˭Ӯ˹ʵ
˵ǺܿȣΪյϢϴĳţ֮ͬн޵С
˪Ȼһ㣬ӦȻǲһЩ
һȷռ䷨СʱձԴؾַ۳ôʤͻᳬųɡϾһȷ֮ͬм޵еġ޷۳ռ䷨ʤӦ忪˪ЩƵġ϶ԼĿ
ҲǿȣҲû˪
ȳԵ̣ǳ˾η
СʱձԴؾ֮Уϱ档
˿ռıԴ֮أռﱻȫչ¶˹Ħ
ֻǿһۣÿռط˶оǳֱǵá
ҲǼޱȡ
̳ӹ⼯žΪСʱձԴؾĻᡣ
ȵˣһһɳ졣
һȷ򣬳ΪһԪΰš
ץʱ
ҲһѸٵѰҵطʼ
˪룬ǲôż
ҪĶȻҲ漰ռ䣬ȴǿռ֮İռ䣬ﻹõĲط
ؾռ㹻һ̫ϵ̫СһĿš
ڿռһע⵽˪ƹؾĲ࣬ܿͱ۾ûе¡
һ֮˪һط
ǰռĴһĳһ㡣
룬һƴСĶ룬ֻⶫȻڿռ֣֮ȫ˲һ㡣
˪￴ǰռĳ涴ڷá
ǰƴĶǱ涴Ųƣųֵ󣬶ҲҪѰҵʲص㡣
ϥҲʼ״̬
ˣĵġ
ûҲȫ뵽һƬռ֮С
һ꣬ꡭ
ת۾ǧȥеһѡ뿪硣
еȴŸոս״̬˪ˡ
Ժ뷨תţײţ˼άת
ռ䣬ʲôǰռ䣿
ǿռ֮磬ǿռڵĸ
ûаռ䣬ûпռ䷨
ûаռ֮еİ޷߶ռ
ȵȣ⻰Ǿ˵
޷⣬ȴǽЩˣһ˲ӿͷ
˿̲֡
ǵʲô磬Ȼܰѿռֱܿš
Щľٵ
Ӱʼ䵭ʧ١
ȫǲռ֮УЩ϶ΪһƺıԴ
һ̣ĸ
˸ĶֱӴڵת
֪һ죬¶𾪵ɫ֮ռ䣬ռһ֮е棬Գ֮Ϊ档Դ湵ͨİռ䣬ɻ޾֮治ԵࡣҲϹ˵ˣѵعѾϵһ졣
˪ʵ
оԼĶѾԽһȷ
Ǹ޷÷ǿ˵Դڡ
һһطĸо
ʱ仹ȥ
˪СʱձԴؾһ֮и˳ˡ
ȡ
˶һˣ緢
㡭ͻƵ۾ˣ϶𾪲ѡ
֪ζʲô
ҪôͻƣҪͻƵĻһѿռ䷨˳
жһȷĵ۾
Ǻˡ
⻹ҪлǼеСʱձԴؾռ䷨򣬿ռ䷨İȫչҵǰŵͻơ˵СʱձԴؾ̺֮Ŀռ䷨ȫԳɾͲ࣬ԺĻҿ϶ٴνСʱձԴؾ롣
û⣬ֻҪǼеҪԵڶν롣϶˿̿ȣҪ֮ǰࡣ
ⲻΪǼеĴͻΪԺǱʵ̫ˡ
ܳΪ࣬ԺӶ߳ơ
ͻƣ̿϶ȫܰǼ̳
ˣǼп϶Ҫȫá
˪ô룬ѯʵ
ڿʮ㣬Ϊսʤ˪Ѿ׾ٵʱ
֮ͬУһȷ򱾾޵еĴڡ
ûС϶ش˶ˣ˪СʱձԴؾãһֱܻܿʧڿռ֮УĲʱҲңܿͻˡ
˵Ȼ٣Ҳд˷˪ؾ֪档
ʧ˷ӡ
Խ࣬ŻʱԽߵȼһȷʱ䣬˪ûɱʱҿ֪䣬ǿԼȥͻΪҿ⡣ȳ˼һ£˵
²ȻЩϣȴҲЩ
ˣҾҲȹһΪһٻԪԭ˾ʡ
ȿɲŹ˪Ҫ˪ɨء
˵ţֱûڿռ֮пʼ
϶𾪣ռ䷨Ȼ޷Ȳںδ
ܿ죬ۿռ䷨ӣɾһȷ۾Ϣʹܱ
õϢ޲֡
漴֮иȴĽĽѡ
һǧ
СʱձԴؾ֮Уһλ˪չĵط
λСʱձԴؾ֮еĲࡣ
ǰһƬռ䣬Щ֣ô£ǧǰҾ͸оƬռǴƬؾ˳ȥؾһ֡ҼǵûĻиŮŮӻûгȥѰƬؾҲ޷Ĵڣֱ̫ˡ
һλ࣬һǲλ
ǰһﾳмܡ
룬²ǲһƬռ⡣
һץҪһƬռʲô
ָչȥֻǰĿռȴǺȻ۳һӰ
˪
оΣգ֮
ʲôˣ
üͷߡ
ûߣܻҪٲǧꡣ
ڱϣ˭ˡ
ߡ桯һ£֪Լ˪ĺ£ֵĿ˪ôܣʲôֶΣΪʲôҸоƬռΪһҲǿռ෨򣿡
˪ϣܵһκηϢ
Щ֣̿Щη塣
Ķ޷޷˵ȷʵǿռ෨ֻռĪĹϵѡ˪룬ƺ֪˭ˣӦþǿƬؾλ࣬򿪵ؾǧǰ۰ͨƬؾİռ磬ӹĲ֮ء
ʲôɵۣš
ʲôʱ飬ô֪Լ˿ӹ
ԭѾһǧˣٲǧ꣬ӦûܸһڱϣȴҲ޷״̬ˡȻˣҾ뿪ˣεĿҲǴﵽˡ˪룬΢΢۾
Щã˪Ҫ뿪Ǿ͵ѾؾҪȥ뿪
Ҫһؾڣ˪뿪
ֻʱ˪ȴǳ¶һЦݣˣԼ뿪ؾͲͷˡ
˵Ųߴؾڣ˪ǰ漸ȥǰһؾһȴѾ֮С
±ˣվ۾ɵϴ
ֱ̫˼ˣ޷⡣
硣
˪ˣһ̥ǡ
ڵľ磬ȴ޷
һһԼĵ·
֮ڣûн磬Ժ֮û
һ档
΢΢۾ռƺӵһ飬ĳ涴ҲԺ֮С
оƺԼֻҪܴӰռصѧԺ߽ӡ
ûֱ۹
˪
ʱһ˵쳹ա
ȡ
ʱһ˼ؾ˪˲䣬͸оˡ
С㣬ڳˡ
϶Ҳǵֻ˪ΪûκεߣΪ˪
һս˪䶨ˡ


1598 
˪ŵ϶΢΢ס
ʱǱߵѾ˹
˪ɻǵһսԼ˵Ʊˡ
ΧҲǿ˹ǶҲ˽⡣
ֻǴؾ֮һȷɾ͵۾⻹ôȡ
˪Ǳذɣܡ
Ȼǵá˪ȻˣֹͣԪԭ˾עʡˣ˳ҩ˾ɡ
ظһ飬ôǡ
Ҳ䣬ֻ㡣
ȵĮ˵ţǿޱȣСʱձԴؾѾһȷɾ͵۾֮ͬڵ޵СڼñˣԹ䣬Լɡ
ʢ˵˵ţһ㡣
ҲǰͷҲֻˣ˪ȵĶ֣ʵ
ֻô򵥡
˪ʱЦǴԲѣƾʲô϶ʤҡ
ƾһȷ򣡡
ȼѿڶƾǽһ׵Ϊ㻹ֻﾳ۷塣ΪķȼҶԶʤ㣬Ҹǳ̣طһ˿ʤĿܶûС
˵ţҲ˹֪顣
ȵ̫ˡ
Щ䣬ȫǲ֪ν˪ҡҡͷЩЦϻ˵ֱӽְɡһ֪ʲôˣһȷҲ޵ˡ
ôš
һȷ˲ôİԶʤһȷ
ãҲ֮Ĳࡣߣ˪ȫǾʶһԼʵ֮Ĳࡣ
֮УԶ
Ա߹ս϶ҲС
ɱ
˵ţӰһͳ˪ȥ
ӰϿռ䣬չֳ˿ֲٶȣֱǺš
ԽԽΧĿռͬʱһԼУ˪ȴûκεη塣
ռݿռֶΣѧԺʦϾͿ
ʦԿռգռ䷨ĵԶǧ򱶣ñһЩСС֮Уʦ˲ȡеĿռ䷨֮С־޿κΡ
˪Ҫˡ
϶ʩչռ䷨ܿ¾ǽ׵ĵ۾޷ֵ
ܿȸոۿռ䷨ѾַʹõӦ֡
Ӧ̵ĵ̣һ˿϶޷
ɾʱ˪ˡ
ʲôĶֻشһָ
ȴĵһӤĵһ޵һ㡣
ǱȽĿռ侹Ȼѩڻɢת۾Ǳ
ռ䣬ٶȿֲޱȵȣȴǶȻû
ǾһҾںпٺУȻ亣ˮɣʱָǳ粽һ
ô£
ȸоԼʧȥ˶ΧռĸӦΧĿռǷ׷ѱһ㡣
ֱ⡣
ʲô
ȿ˪л̿֡
ƿؿռ䣬ȴǿռĴߡ˪˵ţֻǲһЩΧռ֮İȵĿռ䷨ͳʧȥá
ȸ֪ʲô˼ȴǸо˾޴Σ
ΧҲǾޱȣ⵽׷ʲô
ˣ˪ʲôôоȫסȡ˹ѯʵҲȫʲô
ǰ˪ռݵ˾ơ
תֱǷ˼
Ҳ޷⣬ո˪ֵ˲䣬ҸоǴ֮ʧһվȴоʱʧ棬ʱκһطָо̫ˡ϶˵ţҪ֪Ҳһλۡ
⻰˹𾪸
Уڱ䡣
˪һָȵĹһĳȥ
һ£εĿռǱǲˮһһ
ָо˿ռ䷨򣬷˪ַ
һƽǽŲ
巢
ϵغˣ˾κˣ˪ʮľ룬ζѲˡ
Ҫˣ⵽ô¡
ǲΪ
һ˪ˣթˡ
˪һһλ࣬ȻǲĶ֡
ЦǱ˵ȻΪǲࡣ˪Ц֮ǰأĵ˵ҪʤңҪҹԹԵ䡣һû֣һָἸ˵Ǳ
˵ţЩƲ
㡭
ȷŭޱȣֱӳ˪
˾һһȷҲȻһˡ
˪޷ܡ
˪Ҳһȭϡ
һȭȥȻǻأԴݻǳ
ȲûиоʵǴһ޻һ㣬ͷǰ˪Ͳټ
ʱ֪鲻
ʱ˪ͻȻһƮƮĳȥɳȥ
˪˿̵ľߣûжôټзԲûʲôˡ
ֻһȴȳ׿ˡ
˪Ķ֣˪
ôˣˣ
˪侲
ʱǳ嶯ʱټ˪սȥ۵ֻ
ܿ˪ʹõֶΣȻѾǱذɡ
˪룬վֻһԣûȸϾɱ޳ϵĦѡ
һԼġ
룬ô˼֤֮£Ҳֱӷڡ
˪ף˵ʲô
Χ˴˿̻вûзӦ⵽Ƿʲô
˪ôܻ۳һȷȡ
ֱǺš
϶˪һ˶ͬۡ
Ǻš
ַ˼ʵֲ̫ˡ
˪˼һ£ԼĿѾﵽûȥˡ
ңҲҪһѧԺˡ
϶гһ¾ȸˡ
˵ţȵ϶ػʧ
ʱγѡ
˪ߺҲѸ뿪ˣսܵϢѸٴš
̡
ʦãɺӼŵ˪һսнˣһӵӽǲҲ̵ľš
Դ֪һȷ֮һ۶ʦˡ
۵ĶȷԺǱʦá
ʦõʵȻһսʤ̶˪Ԫԭ˾ʣԪԭ˾ջҪ䵽ʦСǲ˵ţʦʮҵͶϵ츳ҲǿĿ¡
˵ЩЩֺȵɡ
ֻԽ˵ȵɫԽѿܲסʦ֣ˣǸ˪
˵ţҧгݡ
Լ䣬޷ܡ
ʲôĿһȷռ䷨Ǹ˪ôӮ㣬ѵΪܶࣿǲ̲סʵʦãںҿЦǲǣ㲻ġ
ϻЦţΪʦϷˣԼ
ȿЦãʦ֣ƭ㣬ϢôܱˡλҲһʦʵڲ֪ԼΪλܣ˪ĺεȷǲŪԺҸо˪Ķ֡
˵ţǲȴڲѯһսϢ
һ֮£ǾĪ
λոһȷʦİˣҰܵúܳף޻֮
ԼʦõǸ˪ΪܻԼʦá
ֱǻ֮
һսƵҲҵˣϸţǾһЦ
ʦãǲǺ˪ʲôԼģǲ˼һ£ʵ
ôã鲻̫ܡ
ҳǷ˲ŻߵЩ
ǲڨڨɴ಻˵ˡ
ʱ򣬿ռȻһ˿
ʦ𡣡
˵ţǲͷҲһӣҲں
ӽ֧֮ǿ֮һҲһλࡣ
š
˵ͷȣ˪һսӰһݡ
֪¼Ӱ豸ɱԹӽ¼Ƶ
ǡ
Ȳҳɣʹһݸ
˶˵ˡ
ϸţϽضһЩ֮ɫôܣôܣСʱձԴؾ֮еײʲô
ţľ綼ޱȡ
ǿռ䷨򣬵ȴӰռ䡣˪Ǹָ˲䣬ȻֻһӰ񣬵ȴǿ˲ٵĶռһ̾ȫʧȥãռ䷨һҲʧЧˡ
ֳ˵Ĺâ
ֱ̫ˣƺĶ˿ռܡЩҲֻһֿռ䷨ĶȷȻް취һ˪ĳһ˿ϣҲϣҵΪһİ취˪ŮˣԲܴ


1599 Ϲˣ
ȫ˪һо˪ܡ
˪ĿͻƵҪ֪ͣѾԪˡ
λ˪ܣ򵥵İ취Īڰ˪ֱץ̡
Ϊˣðһзա
ȣ֪˪ģ˾Ҳٳɡ
Ҫ֣Ȳ
ԱߵǲޱȣѾԼʦĴ㣬ʵԼҲͬ뷨
Ҹոմһ£Ѿ뿪СʱǣȥְŰˡصʦҪһ˪
ǵģҺһĵáﵭ
⻰һ
ף˿ȴǻȻѣʦҪ˪ץ˰
ĵã
һԲһʲôýġ
ܲҵΪʦҪѾЩ֮ɫ
ȳĬˣܽʵǲԸˡ
ǿŸ֪ԼܾԼʦĿӡһǧɡ
һȷĿǰҪԼʦ
ʦãʦ𲻻˺˪ģֻ֪ײʲôѡǲʱ˵ʵҲ˪ܣʱȻҪ˵ȡ
һѾ˾
˪ʲôϵԼҲǴкôûеܾ
˼һ£͵ʦ˪϶Ҫҽӿҩ˾Ĺɷݣʱ϶棬붴ܣʱõʱ
⻰һϲ
˪Ӯ˶עȻҪȽӿҩ˾Ĺɷݡ

˷ܵϢĻϵҡ
ȵ˵ͷԼʲôֻܹ˪Լù
˿̵˪Խʱգһ֮ǲ֪ٹȥ
ܿ죬һ
ǣҲ֮еס֮һͬʱҲɺӼŵפء
ϣɴ
ЩɴɺӼŵԱɺӼŵԱѾ֮ޡ
ռ˰λ
˿̵棬Щͷö㣬һ˸æ
˪ڵһ꣬ǿ
Ҷݹ˾ĲҶݹ˾ϰǰɵһҹ˾ռɵĹɷݡĿǰҹ˾ҶǵĻڹǼȻֳֻܷɣҸողһҶݹ˾Ӫ˵ܿɹۣһ˰ٷ֮һٶһͻͻһڲҡŰ˵š
ӯһڲң֮жʮ׬ǮĹ˾ˡ
˵ͷϰͶ۹⣬ҶǶв硣
ŰЦЦҲϰҵ츳
Ҫ㱨˾Ȼռһ˿
ϰ
Űͷȥ¶˷ܵɫһˣڻˡ
Ҳվ΢Ц
ڿԽˡ
˪ЦЦһˡ
˵ţһۼӪ
뿪ͷ˾ʲֵٷ֮ʮڵʱٻ죬ǹû˪
ͰŰһЦû˪ʧ
滹ǵҪڵʱɺӼŵˣڲٹ˾ѰǺ
˪˵ͷ֮ǰֻɲĲԣʵΪľĿġ
ôɺӼŲܹеĹ˾
ǾһܣȻרһЩõĹ˾ɣֺ졣
ڿԻͦȷġ
෴ƹܵ⼯ȴʱ̲˵Ĺ˾ԽԽں๫˾ǱܵųǣԪԭ˾ҲΪԭѡɺӼź
ԺȻ⣬ʦڡ˪룬˵
滹˵ʲôȻ֮á
ʱ򣬰Űȴ̲סʵϰȥСʱձԴؾǲûеõԼĿģҿΪôﾳ
Ҳǵ˵ͷҲ˺棬ѵ˪ͻʧˡ
ǾͲ֪ˣʵѾʥɾˣȴǸոͻƣֻǾϵͻƣҪȹһʥɡ˪ĽһȴҲڵ
ͰŰΪ˪
˪ʽع顣
ʼһȹΪһ߿ʼɺӼŵ
ʮ֮Ϊڳȹֳ̣ʥɵϢ
Դˣ˪ûжô⡣
ʱյȵϢ
˪Ѿӿҩ˾ɣʲôʱֱӰҵĹɷݰгתø㡣˵ţһֱȲ˪ϢʦѾûģΣֻϵ˪
˪յϢ΢΢ü
ȴģȻԼӮˣȴҲ޷֤һжԼ
ԣһֱûϵȡ
ϵЩʼϲ
ϰҩ˾漶Ĵҩ˾ҹ˾ÿԺܿɹۡŰҲ֪˶ע飬˿̲Щ˷ܡ
֪Ŀǰ˪ֵ¿ȿҩĹ˾ûһ
ɿҩ˾ɺӼŸһ¥ĳΪ漶Ĵš
óɷݣȻԸܣʲôı˪һСĵˣԴһȾĹȥȽӹɷݣŰһ¿ҩ˾ǲһЩҽֹһտǹ˾ǮҪǮ
Ű˵ͷҲ֪С޴
֮󣬰ŰѲ鵽鱨ʸ˪
ӯôɹۣ
ҩ˾κε⣬ѵĴˡ
˪Щ鱨֮ʵҲʲô⡣
һͶʣǶʧˡ
ַңҹȥ㽻һ¹ɷݡ
˪ڸȻظ
ͨѶǱߣյϢ֮ȥʦ˪ͬˣܿͻ
⻰¶ϲɫ
ǲҲһڴ
ǿУһҷɴڿٵʻţҷɴ˪Ůš
ҪȥǣҲǿҩ˾ܲ
ϰǾһĸϹȥҪʮܵطɡŰЩ
˪ֶΣʵһ֮ڹȥ
Ǳֵ̫УֻȾǺܿؿҩ˾ĹɷݣʱҪתã϶Ҳ̧߼۸ڱֳһżӣ֪ôģΪѾЩɷˡ˪͵ڸżȣ
ȼȻתùɷݣкԼȨʵѾˡ
ȥᱻ˾ˣ
мкܴĿɲأ˪뷨Ҳȫȷġ
ֻûϵ۹ɷݲһӣʵһ޴塣
ɴʻţ˪ЩѧԺˡ
ʵδСʱǻʹһ˵ѧԺһʱģû뵽ȴ鵢ˡ
ȻͨѶ
һ˪ҿϾҪˡ
˪ֱϤǵ
ԱߵİŰǰһ
ϰҪôǵϰ嶼Ѿչʮˡ
˵ţͨƵӰһ׵Ŀռ֮УڶЦš
Ϲˣ
˪ϲѣʮˣ֪ٴθǷϢûлظ
֪Ϊǻڱչء
ţˣڵ¯ѾɣĿѾﵽΪǴﵽһַ˼ĳ̶ȣǸóˣʮˡǻʱҪһʱ䣬ڵǹѵĴأҪĹȡ
˵ţֳΧľ
ֻӸλӵγһƬ嫵
ֱֲ֮Ǻš
Ϊ״ﵽ˺εȳ̶ȣ˪̲סʵ
ŰҲ۾ȴǵĻش
֪
ȴҡͷҵѾ֪ΪҲڵľҪԱȵĻôҲڲĽ׵Բ֮ϣܻҪߡ
⻰˪Ц
ԼҲǽ٣ڿǵĲ෴ˡ
ˣ˵ˣҳ֮ȥ㣬ϹˡǺٺЦҰܿҾ͹ȥ
á˪뵽ʲôһ졣
ǵıչ֮أӷ
Ȼ䣬ȴǳſռĳطȥ
Ŀ⴩͸Ŀռ䣬ڡ
ƺʲôڱ飬ɢһıɡ
漴ӭޱ䡣
ָоҲһ֮Ҳǰ֮󣬵ٶᳬԪ
ޱ֮Σ档
˪ķɴڻʻţѾԽԽӽǡ
ȣҾѾһٹľ룬Ȱеתò׼áŵ
áȺܿ͸˻ظ
󣬸Ѿ¶Цݣô˺õȰ


1600 ѧԺ
ǲ⻰ҲǼ
ʱȥ֪֮֮кȻһ漶ɴ
Ůš
˪˿ڵ򣬾ҲһռԾ顣
ϰǰǿˣô󰡣ҿпǧ򱶴СˡŰ˵ţ˪֮оӪɺӼţȥ򣬵ôû
˪ԴҲǵ˵ͷ
ʵһеֶΡ
ҪѵΧС綼һֶΣֻǺ˶ѡ
ҿ϶ǰĿǾԲ˰ôģ˴
ѾڿǵˣϣνӲҪʲô⡣˪Щġ
ܸо⣬˵
ŰǲʲôȻʵϰϰ岻ҪôϴκͨѶ֮󶼿ˣôû
⻰˪Ҳ֪ô¡
·ϰɡ
ʱͨѶ
ȥЩʧȣǡ
˪ⶼ೤ʱˣǲǲ⼯ڿҩ˾ĹɷˡЩļ㣬һٹľҲǰĹ򣬿˪ⶼ˾Ȼû
˪ˣɡ
Ѿˡ
˪Ļص˿ķɴý˿ǵǣ
סͷ˿Լʦ˪˵Ѿˡ
˵ͷʶֳȥ
ܿͷŮţԼŮİŰ˪
ϳϲɫ޲þ˪ֱץߣ̡
תͷˡ
ʦ𣡡
ȺƺѯʸǲҪ֡
ʱȴҡҡͷȻ˪ܣֱץǴȥ̵Ӱ̫ɣ˪һһţҴ㻻һַΪӣȥҲ˳ˡҲ֮еϽɣҿ϶Ҳ˪Ҳȫ
˵ţԼҲûռ˪ıˡ
֮У֪жٵḷ̌ǳЩһȷţ̣ȴҪ㿼ˣġ
ֱӰ˪н̣ݣҲǿ˪ˡ
⻰ȺǲҲ֡
ǼǵԼ̵ʱ򣬿ɶǴ֮ģĴ۲֪
˪ˡ
ʦȻԲ񾳽磬ǿеѧĿҲ˶ѡ
ƺҲʶʲô˿˵ģΪʦ˪ΪӣҲʲôƫĵġ
֤ȺǲпЦ
ƫأǹҪ֪һȷĵӶ˪Ķ֣ԺеԴҪ˪б
ʲôʲô
ﲻ˵ʲôԼʲô
ʵһȷҲֻ߿һ£Ժصѡ
ϾһȷĽ۾ɲ˲ĿǴڡ
һȷΪѶȣǿҲֻǸոԼ·ѡ
Ժ޷ɾͲ࣬ʲôȼķá
࣬ǲؼһ
һλһȷ򾳽Ĳֻ࣬λ񣬶Ժƽƽӷֺ
ȥǸ˪
룬һлԼļƻ֮С
ǡ
ȵ˵ͷȥˡ
ǲһԣ˿һ仰岻ϣĵλڶȡ
ʦҲһȥɡ
룬˵
˻֣ȥɣܶ˪񡣡
ڨڨȥˡ
ֻǸճţǲɫͱˣʦãǱԴͲֵģҪʦһӣԺӸùˡ
ͣһ½ŲȴǵҲû뵽ʦͻȻı⣬˪Ϊӣ˵ʲôˣʦ˵ɡʦϾԲҪǸҴʲôС⣬Ժеǿͷԡ
ǲ˵ͷҲ޿κΡ
ˡ
˪̧ͷһǰһӰ˭һΪԴﵽ˽۷塣
ע⵽ǲ
ȻҲǽĵ۾ˣԲǲĶ֡
ٸǲס
Դ۰棬ʱعͨİռ֮󣬳ǲླĸ߽ݴԪ֮зȻ˭޷ס
һλסǧѡ
˪㵽ˡ
ȵ˪ߣλҵʦ֣ǲ
˵ţһǲݡ
˪ף˼·е鵢飬λõˡ
ǲ˪ġ
ܸоǲѺãֻΪȰܸԼ˿ҩ˾ĹɷݣԶԷ
϶׼ô
˪룬ѯʵ
ߣѾ׼ˣҲ䲻ˡ⻰
Ǻãھȥһ˪ŵ
Ȳ˵ʲôӰһͳŸķȥ
˪ͰŰںţ֪ԼѾ֮С
ˡ
ȿ˿ǰ棬ͷ¶һЦݡ
˪ʱҲʲôԣǿҩ˾ܲ
תùɷݣǿ϶Ҫڿҩ˾ҪɶҲϿɲС
Բǡ
ˣǡ
Űʱŭϰߡ
˪ͷҪ뿪
Ǿʱ򣬺Ȼʱձ仯˶ûзӦһԪ֮С
ģ
˪ޱȣ̧ͷͿԶһӡ
Ǹ
ʱȺǲѾ˸
ʦ˴ˡ
Ⱥǲ˵ţǹ
˪УȴǾĪӾȻȵʦǶȻ̵ǿˡ
ʱ򻺻ת˪Ҳ֡
ȻƵӰϣ˪ֵʱ;˪ء˵ԼǰԼȻ˪˿ܣǾһһ㡣
ָо˪Ȥٴ
ҽһ£ҽиֲ֮ĳԱ֮һ
ʱ򻺻˵ǿ֮еϽ֮һǿǼСˡеЭᡢ澺ĳ֮Уղд浮ڵ伮Ҳ֮е߿ƼĲ֮ء̸ǿƣ֮ķֲԲλ֮е̸ǿֲླ߽֮ϵмλ֮ࡣ
˵ЩԺ
˪֪Էʲô˼̵ǿ󣬻Ǻ𾪵ġ
ĿǰĻѧԺʵ治̣˵Զˡ
֪ǶĹԲԲĻѧԺƿǳ磬еǿ߸ƸѧԺʱȫġ
ʲô˼
˪û˵Űȴǿڵ
ڸû˿أ˵ԷԲ񣬾ǶԷҲˡ
û˵ķݡ
ߵʱŰ͸оԼǱסˣȻ˵һ仰ˡ
˪ܣŻ˪ܽһСŮԼԲϡ
ˣֻǹȽһ¿ҩ˾Ĺɷݣû뵽˪µĲӦרҵģһ塣
ͷûʲôġ
ЩǸʵǲмġ
ôܸܲңô࣬Ŀĺڣ
˪ʵƣЩ¡
һҲֱԵ֪ҵĵȣǽƵǱԾΪӡͰʦɣԺ̵ĺĵӣһú㡣
˵ţš
һ̵Բյӣ˭ֵܵסջ
˪ʱֻȻĸоһֱΪҵϵ飬ڿǡ
ԷڴɺӼŵ⣬ڴ⡣
ܻȣ¶츳̫ˣڲʶ
ҲֲøȽһ̣ԭн֮С
ɣǾˡ
ѧԺѧԺԺţҪ̣ԺѧԺӣǻᱻЦ
Լ붼룬˪ǿڵ˼ҲܰΪʦ鲻˵ˡ
⻰ڣ˶ס
ܾˣȻܾˡ
ɫѾ䣬ŭ˵ʲô
ҲܰΪʦ̡ܼ
˪ظһ飬˿η塣
Ϊʲô
ŭһɿֲס˪
ԭܼ򵥣ΪѧԺˡ˪˵ţһӣҶѧԺˣټʲô̡
ѧԺʲôѧԺ￴ȡ
˪ɺӼžѧԺġЩֲ̿


1601 ⲻǿ
⻰ɫ
ѧԺܱȵ̣ɭɭ˵˪ǲ֪ô
һԲҪյӣԷȻҾܾ
ֱڴ
ѧԺȻȣ˪Ƕ̴󲻾ȳ
Ůǿɶ񡣡ǲҲǵ
˪ɲЩǸܵ顣
룬֪˵زܶλɺӼŻҪǡ
˵ţתҪȥ
Űߡ
ŰŰ֣ͨռ䣬߶ռʱŤ
ʱ򣬲˵ǲѾסˡ
ֱӾǺȵҪΪӣӦҲҪӦӦҲҪӦŶûУɡ
˵ŷռ䣬ֹ˪ƿնȥ
ͷĬǲʵЩмֵġ
޳ܣϰﲻԸʦǾȻӲġǿˣʦһӣǾϰȥ̡ǴһʼûģǴˡǵŰɣϰѾ·ˣϰˣһ𡣡Űŭޱȡ
˵Щ˪ܿ
Է˾ǳģʦһɶѡ
ɱܾˣԷ͹ǽˡ
ǲЦ˪ǵĿģھԵʵǰ˪ҲֻܹԹԱץ
ڰŰ˵ϰ壬˶ûе¡
˪ҲոͻƵ۾磬ϰж˿ܾһ۰ˡ
ŰˡץǣҲûôס˵ţ˪ŰŰֱ˿ռ˲Ϣ֮ʧˡ
˿̶סˣŵĿǰһĻ
ʦô£
ǲ˿ռ䰡޷˲Ƶġ
Ҳһȥٵֶʵ̫˼ˣ޷⡣
ɫüͷ
Ƭ֮ڵڸոտռ£ͨ˰ռ䣬һġһ˲䣬ҸоΧİϸ΢ı仯ȫǱˡҴû˵ʲôܲݰģ˪ȻдܣݰܣԺռ佫ס
˵ţѾޱȡ
ǲȶǾĪֲݰķôһַ
ʦ𣬿˪ѾˣѾӳǵʶΧڻôץǲεڵһʱΧĿռ䣬û˪ټ˵Էӵ֪ٹ֮ˡ
Ҫץ˪Ǿˡ
ᣬ˪϶裬˵Ժ󳹵пܡ
ڿѾӵʮ֮ˣҪ˵ץȴ˺֡һʱΪԷһһ׷ٵĿռǡֻҪռռڣӶԶֻҪ֮У̼ܶλλáŵ˵
һ㶼żΪˡ
һл֮С
ȺǲҲǼ˪ǳʦˡ
ٹ֮⣬˪ͰŰͻȻ֮С
һŲƾȻɿԽٹ꣬һλ񶼲һ˪ðռŲƣȴޱȡ
ϰӳˡ
Ű˷ޱȣû뵽˪ȻԲѡ
˵ȥƶ档
ûС
˪ȴҡҡͷ
Լó¿ռӡǣǸµĿռǣ뿪֮Ͳˡ
ֻΪȥռʵ̫ˡ
ǳĵ۾ӡǿһλԲµģӵλΪܸȥ
ΪʲôǲӳôŰЩɻ
ұǸ˿ռǣʱλҵλá˪û޷ȥռǣѾҪ׷ˡʱûбİ취ˣҰŮ㣬ԼŮŻѧԺҾǱץסӦҲֻҵܣҪҵʱֻҪϹ֣뽪ʦ֣Ȼ԰ҽȳ
˪Դ˲ûôĵġ
֮⣬ѧԺɲʲô̡
ϰҲߣҪһ顣Ű룬ȴ˪ˡ
ɵˣҶãǿ϶ɱңͲһˡ˪ЦˣŮŸ㣬Ұ
˵ţȰŰ˵ʲô
˪ųŮţԼȴٴŲ뿪Ȼһط֮ٴŲơ
ʮ֮ѾԶ˿ꡣ
ֻ֪ڸԲҲһοռŲƵ顣
ȻոΧĿռͳ˲
׷ô
˪ૣΪϵĲ࣬λΪ˵һ档
ֻ֮УͻȻ֡
˪˿ռǣǲӵġ
ˣ˵ַӵеôӿռ䣬ݰʵ˵áǻܣѧֶΣҸоûа취
˿Ѿ˿ԼĿġ
ȺǲҲ۾ЩȣҲ
׽ңò˵ǵĵӺô󡣡˪ʱ򻺻䣬Ǹ֪ұѧԺʲôĴڣΪǴС
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ȳĬˣɲ˪Ķ֣ʱֻһ߿š
˵ͷͬʱ߶Լ֮˪˪ٴŲƣҲᱻǣס
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⻰ǲȶĽѡ
Ϊǣڶִܻ
˵ѧԺˣܸȥ̵ġ˪εҲ㿴ˣƾͻˣץңʵǺܲǣĻڵġѧԺôǵģǲҲδǵ𡣡
㵽ʱ򣬻ڿңﵭ
Ϊһš
˪˵ʲô˵Ķʵ
ⲻǿš
ʱһĮȴͻȻ𣬲֪ӺδĳԪҲܴĳС档֪ںʱڹȥֺδ
֮ռ䶼ƽĿ£еһжǾֹһ㡣
ʲôǿţ㡭
ǲŭȵǻͷ˲ԣⲻ˵˭
Ϊ˪˵ء
ҡ
ٴֻպȻһ·һɫ̾͵·
һӲ·ϣһ
ޱȣʥ֣˿ž̲סҪݡ
ƺĻһеԴͷţΰĴڡ
˪Ѿ¶Цݣ˲֪˭֪
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Щϲʮûһٴϲĸо
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˪ӣЦЦŵȼˣʰˣǾͻȥúáɡ
ɣ
˪Цã㵽Ҫ˵ʲô
˿̵ѾĿ⿴˸ˣ䣺һԲڶˣ
⻰һﶼһ
Բ֮⣬ѵô


1602 ֲͨ
֪֮УΪӷƣ֮ĲΪߡ
ʼʱֻǲһ׵λ
׵λֻҪСأҲ֮⡣
ٺ׼ȷ˵ʮԪ֮ǰλȻҲ֮ܵˣһЩͶӰ֮⡣
ǴԪʼԲȻҲ֮ܵˡ
Ҳ֮е֮⣬Ϊ̵һԱ
˿̵ĸ￴ǣЩ𾪡
ȫ͸ǵΪֻǸоһһ㣺ʲôˣҲǴӹģ
˵ţĵ׶Ѿη岻ѡ
ϣܵһɾ޴ΣգƺֻҪӻ־ܰѹס
ô
ǿ޾գЩ㯡
Ӿһᴩĳӣ޴ޱȡ
еЩ׷ԴͷϣеѾӽӵļޡ
ҲӣǴϣҶȡϢǻ˵ţ̰ǲ֮Ҳ˶һЩܣ˵ǲ˶ǰֵģΪһʱ׼
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⻰˪ޱȡ
ɫ䣬Ϊ֪˵˿ǲԲ֮⣬ô˵ġ
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û˵αչأ汾ԴӦ汾Դֱ仯ҲЩ
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ʱ˾ͷ汾ԴڱǼڶܿ汾ԴһɢͺһߵľͷԭĶ࣬Ҿ˵Ҳ⡣
˵ţ˸
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ǲ⻰˭ǣȥɣ
˵ţȻǡ
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ǲȥ㲻Ķ֡ﺰѾˡ
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Ҳʱ򣬸ʲôǲȴײһǽ棬һѪ˳
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ҿǼһҲһ㣬ʦ뿪׷ϣҲǴԲΪѣʦǿ˶١˵
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ܰɣǴԲֲͨռ䷨׷Ҳ֡Ҳͺˡ֮ʱʱԲѾڵĻԲҲ֮ˡҲӣֻΪһס
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̧̧˿Χʦİ
ҲЩԻûκηŲƵģĵطġ
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ŭѵ֪ԼûߣŲƣ뿪ڹꡣˣһһޱصĵطһű״һĴɽգΡޱȡҾǲΪ̵һֲԾһɽ˿ռǡ
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ѵǸոһֱû뿪
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μ֮дʥʩչʮͨƣһʮǧ˵һܷ϶ٸȴôӲġϹոʩչ֮ͨһޣѵչ֮ġ˪̲סǺ
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˪⻰Щ
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˵ҪǣȻܲڻǹԹԸ߰ɡ˵ţһץͰѸץģȻСƿҲװ˽ȥ
̲Źġ
ҳȥ
˶ںţǰƿϣҲˡ
߰ɡ
룺γأҪȻѧԺ˵
˪ʱȴЩץˣҪǷô죿
ЦЦȴ˿ĵġ
ʱĻ̵ĸ߽ײ໹֮⣬ǷҲ޿κΡߣץʱҲ͵͵ģûеĸ֪̲鵽Ǳץߵʱ򣬶֪Ƕȥˡǵ˵ţȻֻһ˾ȻͻصѧԺ֮С

֮ǵľܲ
İ칫֮УһϷƿװƷһ
ұչЩ֮УϵͳȻôĹ⽱Ҳ˵ġϧһЩƷ츳Ƭһٶ顣ţʣĶҪɵˡ


1603 
ȣ֧
гһѧԺСҪÿһϵһСһʮǼ￨ƣһݿһµ硣
вȸСѧҪѧɾɾɾ
Ӧ֮еľҲǷ쾳վ⾳
һϵһҲ˵ϵҲֻһĸС
ѶȲΪһɽ򶼲֪жٵĴϵ
ֻɽ򣬶ܴôĸС
ȥЩ𾪡
Ϊŵһȴ֧ͬ
֮гһѧԺСҪÿһһСμ￨ƣһǧŶ򿨣һݿۼԺƺţѧٶȼӳ50Լӳ50ѧְ601
֧óУóС
ʵȫԹһ
֧ѶȲǺܸߣѶȾ͸ˡ
һУһһ
һٸ
ѧԺҪԼ쵽һٸ֮УЩ֮еľްԼӦЩоԶҲӦ
ϵͳȫǴľ档
üͷ˼
ҪҪôҪ벻֪ΪУʵЩòʧ
Ǻܿ죬ǾЦԼôηηˡ
̶֮ǰ֣ԺҪɵ棬϶ҲǱҪߵһ
ѧԺԲܹ̲ڵ̲ϵ̲ɽ
ܡ
ѧԺҪ߳ȥ涼֪ɵĴڡ
ڵľ棬Ҳɽ֪һѧԺɽ˭֪ѧԺʲôħѪɽѧԺܴʱҲܶ෽Χ
ؼ̫͡
ѧԺڵӰֻһǡ
ͨЩȻ֪ôˣҪһкһô
򵥣ɽΪѡһٸһٸ֮ٸһС
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ֿһĽ֧Ľ˾ǿԽһ磬ǵۼԺƺš
뿪˰칫ңȰϵͳʮ潱ĶŵѧԺԴ
ȥ˽һѧǺʦǵ
ʮ棬ѧǵĽܿ죬꼶ʥɼѧϰˡ
Ϊ׵˼ǰˡ
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Ȼʦûô࣬ʵȴһﵽ˽ɼ
Ϊҫ۵Ҫ޼ɣѾҪԼڷ֮Ϊ˽弶ĻԪ̫ҽɣֻһܴﵽԪ޽ɣҲ񾳽硣
սȴһ㲻١
˺ҲΪ˽ļĻԪɣҲﵽ˽Ĵ޽ɡ
ʦ桢ǧ䡢·Ѫ桢ֵۡܵȵȣҲѾǽɼΪˡ
ڵѧԺȱɾʦ
ֻҪһѧܳΪɣѧȫԽ⡣
ǳصϢûбѧԺ֮УҲֻкһ֪
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ָָǰһݹƻųѧԺвͳв顣
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ѧԺô฽кͳУ֪Ҫ߶ٵš
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ˣת۾һٶʮ֮ˡ
һˣЩ֮ûͣЪǰˡ
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ͼܱһٸģúɫѾעˡ
еλãеλãЩһٸȫǡ
ǻûаѽЩк͸еĿ˵ȥЩ֪㽨Щ϶Ҫƽȥģȷһ˵ɣЩķӦʱЩͬģֹǳк͸еģһһѵǾǲģҲֻܸɿš
ǵ˵ţƺԤ֮С
۵˵ͷ֪ôˡ
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γɰĸ貶Ŀҫޱȣ˶ܿ
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ڵһʱ䣬˶ãˡ
Ͼ󲿷ֵ˻֪ѧԺһİģѧԺԲС
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һٸ֮УһУһͬʱʲô׳١
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һٸѾһЩ˵̣㣬ЩҲ˶֡
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ĿˣҲҪѧԺ鱨
һŮѯʵƺЩȡ
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ӽˣһɽ
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Ů߲ҵ飬һ鱨ѧԺ鱨ۼ۰ҡ
һ۸񵹲ܸߡ
֪۸񲻸Ҫô鱨ݲϸҪô鱨ݺܼ򵥡
Ǻ߻ã˵ѧԺûʲôܣݺܼ򵥡
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˸Ǯõ鱨֮뿪ˡ
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૵ȻЦЩӣ֪ѧԺֻһλǵΧ֮ڳк͸Уţ쿪
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ܿͷˡ
ѧԺЩʵģôˣνǹͷ񣬵ʱѧԺˡ
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ûκγɵģǳˡ
һץڶԷޱȾֵɫ֮Уλ޸ɽץˡ
֮һ֡
ץߣѧԺԺ
о޸ɽ˶ˣȻǻ̿֡
棬Ȼץˡ
ϢȻסܿʹΧ
ЩҲѧԺк͸е֪֮󣬸ǲˡ
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һʱ䣬ȻûٸҶ֡
ѧԺ֮УǰŪСƿӣλ޸ɽ档
λʵ̵ĸûκεķ֮
λ޸ɽ棿
ʵʵǲţⲻǸСʱʱ䣬˾ץˡ
ǵʵôֲô
ǵġ
ЦЦҳ֮ץĵĸˣʱҲŰɡ
˵ţСƿ˼ϣ֮ǰǲȵƿš
ۺĿȥ滹ܿһСˣ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ժ˶ؽƿ棬ڷڼϣʲôðɡ


1604 ɴ
к͸еƻ˰֮ʱĻʵ硣
ץ˾޸ɽλ棬Ȼס⻹ԶԶ
Щӵıĸû
ʱҲżֻŶԷٴðͷ
֮Уĳط
˾һһǸˣһѧԺĸк͸мƻ
һһŮŮӽǷҵеıǿߡ
ҵһԵ֮֯в٣֮жԼϵ
ǼСǺк漶ĴУǿ߳ģǵǼи֮ǿĴˣռеİڽɽȻУǷҵеҵΧҲ˽򣬶ѧԺҪĸк͸еλãǵҵΧ֮ڡ
ÿ꣬ҵҲҪЩ֮ѡš
ѧԺĸк͸мƻȻҲǵ档
ʵⶼؼġ
һٸ֮ڣҵѡŻᱻӰ죬ԶûдﵽҪѧԺƴĵز
ҪԭʵѧԺɺӼûѡ񷺶ҵУѡձϿɵǼУЩޡ
ǵȥ˪Э̴£ȴһھܾǷŭ
ѧԺҪ棬·йһ¡
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ڰ˻ɽ򣬰˻ɽŵĳ̶ȻȲϾ޸ɽҲضá
ѧԺҪڵ򴴽к͸УȻҲǲӦ
Ǿ޸ɽı治֣˵͵һˡ
ѧԺץ˾޸ɽλͶǧȷ˵ţھ䣬û˸ðͷˡһٸ֮ôȻһ֪ðѧԺסˣҲǹЦġǷҵ˻ãӰʵǺֻܴǾͲˡ
˵ɣʵ˺ͻħķŭ
ͲھȥѧԺƴ
˻ãûô侲úܡ
ħȴ˵ķŭѣֱӾǵžô࣬ѧԺÿһʮһУ˷쾳վ⾳羳ﾳͽ󾳽硣ҪĿʼʮ֮һҪǸߡֱ̫ˣЩҲҪչҲҪš
˵ţݶҧÿ졣
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ѧԺӵ磬˵ģһǳ֮еĲ༶ȡ֮
ѧԺóôĲ༶ţʱ˭
Щϴɣ༶Ĺ˭ǲҴš
˵ĲҲˡѧԺȻûֱ˵Ѿ͸¶һϢֻҪǵĸУܱ¼ȡĻ֤һ༶ħ̾һ
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ΣһѧԺļƻɡ
룺ѧԺ̫˶ҳͷ±ѧԺԡΨһİ취ǴһҪ֪ôϰ֮һ澺ĳӡ
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ҴŹͬ棬ҲһֻҪȥС
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һҲ뷢£ʱѧԺƲãֹѧԺƻ
ʵҲĿġǷҵеĻǿߣЩǷҵкϵ飬ұضһӦ
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ȴԴúܡ
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ϵʱҲѾǹԷҵжһΪ顣
Ƭ֮ڵԣǱӦһ
һ֪ʲô⡣
ʱֻ֪Ǳİ˻ɽɽȻǷҵһҵ񣬵кܴһʵԺһ꣬ǱеҵתǷҵУһҪ˵ǰҵת
󣬶Ǿ㵲ѡ
ԷҵҲкôһ飬ȻῪ
ʲôǰҵת˷ҵʵҲ΢鷳һѡ
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ѧԺ֮УȻһʱյϢ
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Աߵۣ֪ʲô㡣
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ˮܣһֻһѧԺƿ֮С
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ñ澺ṇ̃ñǼеȣǶȫţ˭˵ˡ
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ǵ˵ͷȥˡ
ʱȥ
ѧԺ֮£˶ѧԺԽԽڴ
˵Ϊвѧ༶Ĺ
˵в༶ʦڿΡ
˵ǳɼͻΪѧԺѧ

ѧԺѾѧһȷ򣬸
һȷϡȱκһһȷ˶䶯
ѧԺ֮ǰϵôĵطȴһȷ򣬿ɼѧԺ
ÿ˶ãһһȷ˻ԼǰҪΪѧԺѧ
תѾʮ
ĵǺ֣Ϊɴٿӡ
಻׷ǵƣǿޱȡ
ôһʮһλ඼ôѯʵ
ˣȫˡ
Щ뵽ԼҲʢƶߣҲЩԺʵǵˣһൽλλǾܾģֻû뵽ôͬҲ׳ŵˡ
˵һʮλˣ֮һӿô಻࣬⻹ǵһΡ߰ɣȥٿᣬַѧԺ
ʱ֮УһӰȻ֡
ǡ
ǵôô಻࣬ĻλһҪ׼ƿˡ
ţƿ


1605 ȫץ
ǣΪ˴ɴķˣȻĿ
һ˵Ŀ⡣
һߵǰȻ󻺻ѧԺǵΧ֮ڣһкһУȫûаǴҷǾۼһҪϴҵѧԺһ˵
Ļ˷׷׵ͷ
ǾһĿģҪѧԺ鷳
΢΢ףԴ˴ַѧԺжǿԷߡһǴݻѧԺһٸڴик͸УѧԺѪһڶǱϵѧԺץߵľ޸ɽͶ򡣵ѧԺһ˵ŵԺ󶼲ɽ֮ĵط츽к͸С
˵ߣǶô֡
ҲǿˣûѧԺ
ֻ֪ѧԺûκκôҪѧԺͶ·
ʱԼɺӼŷǼУתͶǷҵС
Ȼɻ󣬲Ȼô˵ˣҲ÷ԡ
ȻҪʼж
ɾʱǱһӰסˡ
˭
˵ȵԾ̧ͷա
Ҳˡ
֮ûκ˻Ӧֻһ޴Ƴŵץ
Яޱΰη
λԲһ𾪲ѡ
ߣ
һԲ󺰵ԲǴԲ񼶱
Բ
⻰˶ǻֲ̿ѡ
֮ôдԲⲻܰ
Ҳǵɫ䣺ѧԺѧԺǿ߳ˡǶʧˣѧԺ֮дԲ񼶱ǿߡڴҿӣܱץˣȻǾȫˡ
һʮȫǸǿߣҪǱץ롣
һȺ༸붼룬ɢӡ
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ӦûٸҷǵƻˣĹӦɲ١Ѿеƿӷŵ˼ϣú׼һ£ĲҪ롣
۲֪˵ʲôˡ
ԼҲǶ룬Ƕˡ
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ЩԥҪҪѧԺǷ׷¶˾ģһҪΪѧԺѧУѧ
ʱȥת۾ʮꡣ
һʮλ౻ץ黹ڴЩ౳û
ǲǲѧԺ鷳ǲҡ
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ʱ˭ȥѧԺ鷳ǾˣǶѡ˳Ĭ
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š˵һӣƤף͸¶΢ӫ⣬棬أҡ
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ΪλҲһλԲ񣬵Ϊλ֮⣬ҵл˾޴Ĵۡ
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ˣλץһʮλģһһλԲڱѾް취Ҳֻܽˡߵ
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áϣ˵ͷ
۴ͷϣš
ϣޱȵСģһֲԣԻһʱ뿪
ʲôʱԼ뵽Σյľء
һ·һʮֻ
Ժϵ㡣
˵ţ΢΢һЦ뿪ˡ
ΪʲôԸϣʵ֪һЩġ
ò˵ϣֲúã˵֡
ϣһ£ʶһɨȴǸûзʲôˡ
ѵƭԼģ
ŵʱһҵеܸôһ𡣡
ϣһѭȥͿˡ
һһŮ
еȻǣŮ˪
ϣţʶٴοȥǿһˡ
ȴǿУţڿ
ֻһ£Ͳˡ
ǵΪԶ֮ϣļƻ˲һ롣
˼һ£ϣҧǶ档

ǵҲϻˣҪǷҵУҪʲô
ֻһ仰ÿϣιȥ
˪һ΢Цʾ⣬ƺڸ߿ϣⲻڿЦ


1606 ɳɹ
þ֮󣬿ϣƽһԼе𾪡
֪ҵ֮Ǽλ˵ĲҵԲȾָ
˼ҵвκɡ
ЦЦԴ˲⡣
ʱǲ˵˪ڵ֪ɲģʮԪ֮ǰ˷ҵУһռ10עʣǷҵеռѾﵽ13ĸԪ֮ǰеڶ˷ҵУռ6Ĺɷݡ˵κɣһ㶼û˵
⻰ϣڨڨ
Ȼ֪ҵеĹɷݷֻѧԺûɵʸѡ
Ȼǰɵڲܲˡ֪㲻ܾ飬ȥϵһ֮еЩ˰ɡǻ˻ֱվͿϣڷʲô
ԸϣҲ˪Ľ飬ɷҵС
ѧԺҪȫ棬ҵ϶ǺҪһ
˪ϵͶƣ뷺ҵеӰȵĻǲԶˡ
ѧԺΪʲôҪɷҵУ
ϣʱ侲ѯʵ
ⲻܾ飬ֱȥˡ
ܺѧԺΪʲôô
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˪϶ޱȵ˵κεطжǱҵƿŴʽɺӼѾչһƿڣЩ½ٵֻһУ߳һоۼʽܿٵ׳Լ֮вٴ˾ԼУ򼶱ģ뷺ҵи޷ȡ
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ñɽǰɽͳһ򼶵СС
УҲɽƿɽֶ֮һ
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ϣʱŻվ˵
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ϣ˼һ£һһλһڲҵʽ𡣡
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ѧԺռٹɷݣ
룬ʳһȽϹĵ⡣
ϣ뵽λ˵ĻҲ˵510ѧԺռٹɷҪѧԺǷҵеλ̸
ˡ
ѧԺǷҵѧԺʵһ¥
510䣬ͿѧԺλʵˡʵˣȻУõĹɷݾͶࡣ෴һڲҵʽʵ1Ĺɷݶ򵽣붼Եġ
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˵꣬뿪ˡ
ϣ˵ĻᣬƺĲмͿϣ˵ʲô
ѧԺ֮С
ʦҸо汾Դڱһʱ֮ǰѧԺҲҪز֡ǻһҾȥһӣռӵ鱨ΪԺ׼ʵǳ鲻Ҫһ˵ȥУҾȥ
ڵΪѾﵽ۷壬ʵǿ
ǽӣλҵеĴ̸УܻøĹɷݡ
á
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ʵ뵽ӿˣӿǱǳΪĵط
ȥ֮ҵҵеλӦòѡҲҪСģλӦö磬ܿһ塣㾫ͨǿռ䷨򣬾֣Ļʮ֮˾ҲסȻ˺г⣬Ҳǿһ㣬ȡøĹɷݡǻ
֪϶Щ
ʵ֮ǰֱвλˣʲôƨҪǲҹɷݣҾֱӻ˷ҵС
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ʱȥת۽Ѿˡ
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ѧԺɷҵУռ12
ϣţȫǲš
ѧԺȻɳɹˣһռ12֮ǰ˵ռɶǶ2
һӾѧԺΪ˷ҵеĵɶ
ΪݷҵеĹɷݷ䣬λÿ˸ռ15Ĺɷݣһ壬60ĹɷݣεƿСĵɶռ13Ҳ˪֮ǰ˵λʮԪ֮ǰɵˣȻǽѧԺˡ
֮⣬ϣһݱЭ顣
ҪѧԺɷҵе鲻׼й¶ȥѧԺ
Դˣϣ˵ʲô
ѧԺ֮УǵһʱϢ˪ҵнǵɣռ12ĿǰǷҵеĵɶ⻹Ҫлʦ֮һǺݺݵذλҵеĴ˸ѵһ٣ȻԷòôࡣ
˪Ҳǵͷ
һӸѧԺ12Ĺɷݣȷʵܶࡣ
õĹɷԽ࣬ڷҵеĻȨԽ󡣵ȻؼǳΪ˷ҵеĹɶ֮Ǿʸ񲢹ɶĹɷݡ
˪˵ţȻˡ
֪ҵеĹɷݽֹۣѧԺռȵɾǱġ
ֻǵһѡ
ǵȴʱɶĹɷݸһһչˡ
֮󣬿ϣٴˡ
ΪһʮλץĲ࣬ѧԺѾΪ˷ҵеϰ壬˿̸ʲôˡ
ؼѾ֪ѧԺڣл̿֡
ԺǲǿԷˣ
ϣЩǫ˵š
ԣһǻ˵ţٹѧԺк͸ʽˣʱҪЩ඼ȥףء
ϣʱס
ץ˻˼ȥףأ̫۸ˡ


1607 
ǲ˵ֱֱĿſϣ
ϣ˰죬εãԡ
ڸûкּۻ۵ȨԻô졣
ĺܱ
ǵ˵ͷһǰͳһʮƿ
Ө貣ɢĹâǰӸڵǡ
ǣ
ϣϸһ£Ȼ̲סͷƤ飺ԺЩȫصⲣƿ档
͸ƿӣѾһСˡ
ֻʵǲţҲ̫ˡ
ⲣƿͨĺܣ΢õͻҲ֪סЩġ

˵վǸѧԺʱЩ˭ҪǲȥʱҾͰؽⲣƿ档
⻰ϣһ
ؽȥЩĵ׺¡
̧ͷǱ֤䣬ȴǷǲ֪ʲôʱѾˡ
ҴææϣҲȥˡ
ľס֮ϸһƿӣҵ˹ġ
ƿ浹˵˳
˼һ£ֱӴһãƿӼľͱˣȫûõ϶
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ƿһռ䣬ƿһռ䣬ֻſܱôСƿ档
ˡ
֮󣬾Ϳ˿ϣ
˿̻ΪǿϣԼǵл˾ֵ֮ǴԲҲֻͬΪԲĴ˲ܾˡ
˵ţԿϣ˸м
ֻǿϣʱȴЦҵ㣬ҸȲˡ
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ˣûؽƿӾ㲻ˡ
ʲô
ţɻô£ѧԺλԺȻˣô׷Źң

һΪԼˣϾɴᣬס
˵Ƚϸӣ㻹ʸ֪ġϣ룬ѧԺǷҵУռ12
⻰ɵˡ
ôƿѧԺͳΪ˷ҵеĹɶһռôߵĹɷݡ
ҪʣֻҪ֪СԺѧԺҲǵϰ֮һǴ򽻵ĵط١ѧԺɺӼҪչ϶ǷҵндʵʽתѧԺ˽Ӵʱ򣬾ҪǣȻǼλ˶ס㡣ϣ˵š
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һƺĸо˿ϣֲ֮顣
ʱԹϣҪҲֻܹԼ͹ѧԺʵǶѾץҲû˭赲סѧԺƻʱ𲻴Ӧʵһ෴ӦˣȫǵǾǣȷʵǵľˡ
֪ѧԺͷҵ֮Ľף˿̾ûǿϣ˹ؼá
϶ǿϣʵλѧԺԺɵˣȻ̸С
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쿴ǼϣЩץĲǶѧԺվ̨ˣǲ˼顣
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ڸвôýֻһپ߿ЩܶλΪɴе顣
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1608 Ȩ
棬Ѿˡ
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μ̫֮ӣ㻯ɮȥȡΪް˲
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̫Ӱңɶ̫ҽΪҲ㲻ˡ
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ȹΪǽһҲܸߣϾμ֮УҲŷŽ
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һ￨ƣһȻһͯ
⺢ͯüĵһöɰСӣԵúǹ龫
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СѧѧѧʦǶܱٹȣȷʵҪʲôʳõĴڣҲΪ˸ӣǸһζϵܣֱ꣬ԴĿǰҲѧʦϢʱϲĵطԺҲᰮġ
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ѧǿѧԺһ֪ͨǾޱȡ
ΪԴǱչ֮ѧԺʮûʦˣһӳλʦһǽɾ磬ѧԺѵõĴ¡
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ѾϾעЩˣںϵͳһ顣
ϵͳƸѾͨô֮ǰ˵ϵͳÿϵͳ磬ѧԺĻδ緢һƸ֪ͨӦƸѧԺʦǿ߿ͨӦƸǰӦƸڵĻӦǵһ꣬Ƹ֪ͨǲǷȥˣ
ѯʵ֪ѧԺǺȱʦȻŹƸĺð취
ϵͳѾȨ֮ĵһʱƸ֪ͨЩԸӦƸⲻܸԤġϵͳ˵ţ˼ֻ𷢲Ƹ󣬱ӦӦƸҲܡ
Ƕϵͳϰˡ
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ϵͳصǶʱһ룬ȻһӦƸĶûУƸǺŪ˵İɡ
˼һ£ʵϵͳƸ֪ͨզдģ


1609 Ű
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ҪҲ̫˵ѣԪܳһλ̫ˣΪԼѪʹ̫˴֮ʧǲϧñںԼѪҲҪһ㣬ΪǵѪȼܸߣЩںѪһֱȥΪ̫ˡ
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̫һҪѧԺѧѧԺȻӲ
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¶૵֪ҪĽ
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߰ɡ
ǿڵһվ򣡡


1610 ǻô
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ˣǻˡ
˵ţȻɽȷʵһں̫˵Ѫ˽Сȣϵĵǡ
ԴˣȻ
¶ǲɽıԵشĹĺ棬һȽ򡣡
Ϊǵ˵ţϾɽ
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1611 
֮гһˣǰơ
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ڻֻʶߵǱԶԶûдﵽһɳ죬Ǻӡ
죬Сȱߡ
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һλλսǿһԲԼĽ
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˪𾪲ѡ
ŵĿǣòᶼ㰲ŵİɣ
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ڰƶˣСȻôȥ̫һ塣


1612 
ƺ˪ĵġ
ЦЦģʦ֮е̫һͣΰûаСȽӵ̫һ壬̫һ϶ġˣҰҲͽʦ˵һ£飬Ҷû뵽
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ѼЩ鱨һЩ鱨ҲǾޱȡ
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˵ţȫǻеڴЩ
Ƶ˵ͷ֪ˣСһ
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۳֣Ժʵбİ취ͻƵа취֮󶼲ֱʹ̫һءΪˣԺýʦ̫һļλЭ̣һ۲Ϊ㻻ȡһλᣬһҪúϧ
Сȵ˵ͷим֡
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ۻ˻֣СȸŰ뿪
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һʮıʱ䣬ǰͽֹˣҪЩԸⱨΪѧԺʦԡ
ڵһƸҲڴͿʼ˰һεˡ


1613 Ƹ
Ժ칫֮УöƸˡ
ƸԵλʦ֪ͨô
ѯʵʦҲǾԵһЩ
ֻһˣôеרеĸо
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ϵͳжǿӦƸˣ
룬̲סѯʵ
һεƸᣬʮıʱ䣬һһʮһƸ
ȻϣǿԽԽãܸ׳ѧԺ
һ߸ˡ
ϵͳҲûıҪ
Ŀʵ࣬ǿֱ̫ˡ
Ҳ⣬ЩǿյѧԺƸ֪ͨ϶˻ᵱһµġ
߸߸ɣҪ̭һλ¼ȡҲֻˡţ͵ʽƸһɡ
ʱȥһ֮
׼һУİ칫֮ڣλԵʦˡ
ʦˡ
˵һ䣬ڲźλŮۣѧԺ֮˶ǰ֮ΪŮʦ
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Ǻͼλʦʱ㿴˵һλǿߵݣֻʵ˷˼ǾȻһλŮӡ
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ȿȡ
Ǽװ˼λߣӭμѧԺԣ˾ǽԹ١
˵ţ޼ɵҲ΢΢ס
ʱҪǿڣΪԵߣ֮ǰ˽ԵһЩ̣ʱڵλߣһҽܡ
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Ůӵ˵ͷƺҲѾŪô£ҽŵȣϣ񻰴˵磬ʥɾżΪ
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ԣǳΪѧԺʦԺĹҪѧԺѧڿΣΪǽɻ󡣡ܽ
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𡣡
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ŵЩϣ֮е񣬵Ǹһһ㡣
Ĳ֮񣬻ǲһ硣
ǼȫǽΪǲ񣬶Ȼѹȡ
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֪ʵŵȲûֱӻش޼ɵ⡣
Ϊ޼ɵǸǺܿӵһ⣬ѧײ㣬Ҫ˵ܶԴͽѵѧܻܿᱻΪûʦ¡㲻ܲʣ֮֮ҲᱻΪְ
ôشʵǷȱ
Ҳһɡ
ʱ򿪿ˣԵó˺ࣺܶŵŮʿʲô
ʵͼˣҲǶֶ
еΪ˱ǿеΪ˱еΪ˱Լļѡ
ŵȻôش
ȻӵĿʱ䡣
źٴѵ㲻üŻش𣬿˵
ŵȵ˵ͷ˼š
ʵ֮ǰûôǹ⣬ڱʵԼȻЩã
ѻشô
ۿ˿ʱ쵽ˣ̲סʵ
Ҫشܸܿһ𰸡
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ŵȵ˵ͷŲҪϣ񣬿ǺұĺһǿʱȴԼûͣ½Ųô˵أҾΪҪһ壬ҾǶһڴɡ˵ʥһ㣬ǾǶĺ棬Ψбøǿܶеİڡ
˵֮󣬾Լشĺ⡣
Ҳ룬ǳڶδ֪ĺ棬ȻҲᱻ֮ΪǻŮˡ
ԿҪˢʱǸʦȴǴͷƣ֮ʦǹơ
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ЩãȻ֪Ϊʲô
ʱǻѧԺİѧĿҲΪ̽İڡɱ¾ȵһв·ϵĵζ
ŵȻû뵽ԼȻײ˵˹ؼϡ
Ҳһɡ
ʱȻڵΪѧԺʦҪٵѧԺô죿
ź˻һŵӵʱ䣬ʱŵѾѿڶҳΪѧԺʦǾѧԺһԱ˭ҪٵѧԺ˭ҵĵˡ
Ȼġ
λʦ˵ͷʱǵһ⣬ܲѧԺȫְΣ
ȫְĿǰѧԺʦĳ̬
Ȼǲǿ󣬵ŵȫְ϶ò
ͬ£϶Ҳ¼ȡȫְġ
ƸŮԱĻͻѡӵġ
ԡ
ŵ룬ѾǺҪǸ硣
ţûˡ
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ԵĳˣҲԵһ֡
ʵúãܼӷֵġ
ģ
ŵ󣬴ϲѣҪˡ
ǧȷֻһ⡣
˵ˣǧҪˡ
ŵȵ˵ͷûôɾͿڵҵǳΪѧԺʦͻƵɾûĻ᣿
һڴҲԵԭ
ͻƵɾΪĲ顣
סʱ۵ʦΪɡ
۵˵ͷȻĻᣬѧԺٽɾʦѧԺ֮ǰΪ㡣ˣϲʶһϣ飬ʱΪ࣬ѾҪɶ̫ҽˡ
⻰ŵסˡ
ܲʶֻû뵽ǲȻҲѧԺ
Ⲩǰÿٻġ
ˣԽˣԽҪۺߵȷʱĻȵڵķȺ򡣡˵ţ˰ŵȴ˳ȥ
λʦŵȻ㲻ΨһеǷȱľΪ˵㡣
һλ߰ɡ
룬ٴιͨϵͳ
ţǰһϤİ׹⣬ȻͿһɫëһɳζͷǵѧԺ칫ҡ
ӵ˲䣬λʦǵһ
ôһ
⼸ÿ˵뷨ˣǶϳˡ


1614 Խ
ԵĲǱˣμţħ
Ͼ󣬹ҲҲڶˡ
λߣӭμѧԺĽʦƸ
ۻǺò˵ţţħʲôӡ
ϾţħΪɲͣȻﵽ˽ļĻԪɾ磬춼ͬһ硣
ԣʲôԣ
ţħ˳ˣȻͺţźӽҵõϢˣǾѧԺ
⻰˶Ȼ
⾹ȻԵģ˵ġ
ǿЦãͨϵͳϵͳô£
ʵˣţħô֪ȹͺ캢ѧԺڸˡ
ⲻǿôϵͳͻ鷳
ɲң϶ȹͺ캢ѧԺ֮ǰԼȥţħȻţħյǷƸ֪ͨǲҵѧԺ
ϵͳ˵һ޹ӣôǹġ
ϵͳǿţħɴ󷽳ϵȹͺ캢ȷʵѧԺѾΪѧԺʦ뿪ѧԺҲǲԸ뿪Ҳܰ˴ߡ֪϶û뿪Ĵ㣬ȻȥɡƸʦƸᣬûд㡣
˵ţǾҪˡ
ţħԵģȻѧԺ
ҾôȥŶûСţħȴߺߵ֪Ҵ򲻹㣬ǲƸʦô㿴ôҲҪΪѧԺʦ
ţħ˼ôùǣһŲߡ
ӦƸʦ
ЦˣûǸ˼
ȷҪμӦƸ
ʱȴЦЦҲǲԸһᣬϾҲͨѧԺƸġ
λʦҲǵ˵ͷ
ţħΪͣܳΪѧԺʦʵʸҲˡ
ǵȻţ˵һôԣ쿪ʼɡ
ţħߴ
Ŀ⣬ʱسŲźˣ˶ٴˡ
ðɣǻǰһļˡ
֮Ųߣһԭ࿴ۺˡ
Ȼɫ߰
ʼ԰ɡ
εţħûа취
۵˵ͷʼԣλߣǾ򵥵ҽܡ
ҽܣǲǽԼ˼
ۣ۵˵ͷٺٵҾͽܽܣţ˳ţħסڴɽŽͻɽĦƶȹӺ캢滹һСŽ湫ˣһŽƽʥǺǰ˰֮뵱ʥ壬Ǻεȵĸ춯أ˵ǿһμѻ
ȿȡ
۴ţħĻˣЩ͹ˣҸһѧԺ
ţħ˵ȥûûˡ
ţħЩԼҪһأôͲԼ˵ˡ
۽꣬޼ɿڵһ⣬ѧԺѧĿγ̡Ľѧ֮Уѧ۵㲻ͬײ㣬ô
ͬ⣬ȴţħ
˿ţħȴĻش
źҪţħӵĿʱ䣬ƺˡ
ţħʱѾѿڶôᰡҶײʦǷᡣرо飬Ǵ΢ɽɽһԺѧԺѧ˭ʦĻʦһٰӣЩѧʵúܣøɶɶ
Ļش𣬼˶ǿЦá
Ȼϣشĺţħ
ڶ⣬ʲôʱʵ
ʲô壿ȻǱøǿˣȻ͵ű۸ˡţħȻ˵˵ģ㿴Ǻӱѹָɽ꣬ǸҰսʤ棬滹ܰѹָɽ˵ңǿ㣬˵Ҳܳһʲộʲôͥ棬ݡ
شʵ
Ҳ޻˵ϾǳĿȥġ
Ҳһ⡣룬һһӵģ˵Ӻһȣ֪֪
⻰涼ɵˡ
⻹ǵﱤⲻڸţħ㱻ñˡ
ʲôţħȻ˵ǵͨ죬øӣȻҹɩҺûꡣ
ףһըҩͰ
ȵȣʲôʱ飿ŭ˼ӣһգȴǺȻ˲ԡ
ŶҼǴˣǴ顣ʱװһԴֻ綼ͨģźá
ţħɵۣʲôش𣬵лû飬㵹˵
Խˣȥڰ칫ҵŰɡ
ǲ˵ʲô˰صţħ쵽˸ڰ칫ҡ
ʱ򣬼˶̿Ц
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ǶʲôҾǿţʵ̫ɫ۾벻ǵĺʦԾССͽһ¡ǵ˵ţһ˾ӵӡ
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ţħһ£ﻹٶŮ˿
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ź˶Ϊ֮һ΢΢ЩԾ
λߣӭμѧԺĽʦƸǽԹ٣ܷ¼ȡȨڣһ򵥵ҽܣʱڡ
˵ţţħੲݵģԸʱ䡣
ӣʵҲѾܳˡ
Ůӵ˵ͷڵҽʹ壬ʹƣǧǰ˾ְʥʹɯ֮һҲμӹʹħսսʤΣеһǧսһΣȫˣսѡɯŮҼ̳λֽʹ֮
ţޱȵ
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Ŀǰڵ磬ʹܲãѰԮ
յǵƸϢ֮󣬾֮óһۣӦԸλŸߵĿƼֶΣһǡ˵ţޱȿ϶
֮󣬸֤ԼĲ²⡣
ǰǰļλԹ٣һһ޷ȡκεϢ
ҳȷʵаڵ磬Ҳ޾ɳһֻǿϧҲܰ㡣ҡҡͷֻƸʦûɳְʹ塣
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ܲӦƸѧԺʦҪԼı֡ЦЦڲ뿪ǿԿʼˡ
áӦʼ֣صĶԴһԡ
Сʱ֮ʹԽˡ
ԱǻŮŵȣҪʹųǰ˼ѧԺطǲıϡ
ʹ֮󣬶òһλܺõʦ
ȵڰ칫ҵȺ򣬵ԽǻṫԽ˵ţ˴ʹ嵽˸ڷ䡣
ǵλˡ
ǰһ׹һӳˣӾȻʮϵӡ
Ӵۣһһλʵۡ
λʵ۵Ϣɲ˵ǿĿ¡
˭
Ǽ˶Щƺܲ򵥡
Ǹҽܰɡ
۵Լ͸ΪʱҲࡣ
޼ɺͷʵҲһ
ֻӵһЩϸ
ʱӻڵ磬֮ͥɽ
ɽĻǰͷ
Ȼֲϵء
˵ϵͳġͥɽС

ʱҲڷӦ˹һʮ磬һˮĻ幦֮˫ѧԺоܾãҲʼղ֪β
⻰޼Ҳӡ
֪Ǹ磬ˡǸΪǧ֮һֱǲǾͷӦÿԸһ𰸡˵š
ҪˣǳΪߣҲ˵
Ǵǧһ䡣
Ѱǿİ취ѧԺһƸ֪ͨµĴ½
ˣѧԺμԡ
˵Ĳ
ǵ˵ͷǴǧ磬ʵڵȣҲǲֵһᡣ
ɽѾȫȻ


1615 ¼ȡ
ɽ۾¶ڴĹâҪһ˸ɻ
ǧ֮󣬻档
ǻ˵ţȻǴͬ磬֮ȴͨġԪ۾Сǧ磬СǧܻΪǧ磬ǧٴܻܴﵽĴǧȼǧһ֮Ҳǿ类֮Ϊ񣬲ѧԺ֮ΪԪ޽ɡ
ǸԼ˵š
Сǧ硢ǧ硢ǧ磬ѭ򽥽
ֱС棡
˵ȼ֣ʵҲһʵĻ֡
ĻҲüλʦǳ
ɽ˼һͷ
²⣬Դ˲ѽܣ˵ڶ⣺β
ҪĿġ
Ҫ֪İ취һ
λʦɽһ㻹ʲôʡ
ɽҲ˵ֱֱĿǡ
ô棬֪Ψܸһش𣬱˭С
ǳĬˣʵҲ֪λش
ѻش𣿡
ɽʵѵûһ˿ԸһȷĴ𰸡
ЩʧԼˡ
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룬֣صʵһ˵Լ棬˵ܵõԼҪĴ𰸡
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棬ڵ粻ǺɳһԼѰĴ𰸣ԶҲġǵ˵ţ϶ޱȣȻˣҽͻǿһ³ΪѧԺʦδĳ죬Ҳܺһ֤
ѧԺҪɽʦΪɽΪѧʶ
йǿ϶ġ
һ֤
ɽЩɣҪǵΪŷ
ЦЦ￴ɽǣȻģڲ񾳽磬ѧԺӵ磬񾳽Ĵڡδһ֮ڣλΪѧԺʦӽĴڣͨǵĻ϶˽⵽İء
λȻָǺɡѾûгɳ
ҿ϶λɽܴ
ȻɽĬˡ
ȷʵһλ񣬲ȻҪΪѧԺʦС
ףǵ
˼һ£ͻԣԸΪѧԺʦʲôҪҵģԿʼˡ
ܿ϶˵ţѡ
ʱȴЦˣҪԣֱͨˣȵڰ칫Ϣ
ɽ˵ͷҲûж˵ʲô
λʦȻͨˣǲ̫Ϸˡ
һüͷԺʲôԣǻûκأ⡣
λʦҲǿǣ֪Ϊʲô
ЩҪԣЩҪУɽʦںߡǵ˵ţ֪ɽļֵʦѧԺҪԡ
ɽΪɽļʶɽһҫ۵ѧ֤飬ܼ
ϵƸһȺһʿʿԼѧλ֤һڳԱߵıҪȻʧɫ
λʦ⻰Ҳ˵ˡ
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ˣһλˡ
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ۿֵߣЩ
ĸλһΪߣֶ㣬ôô
λߣӭμѧԺĽʦƸǽԹ٣ܷ¼ȡȨڣһ򵥵ҽܣʱڡ
ۻ˵ţϾ˼ԵģҪء
ô
룬ԼżȻյһƸ֪ͨȻѡͬ⣬ͱ
һҽܡ
ٴظӿܻûиԼ״
ӻع񣬼Ȼ֮ô
ԷƸʦôԳΪʦʵôУЩڴ
ҽԶ޴½磬ʷ߹֮һǧޣ춷껣ĸʮʰʱҾѳ꣬˫꣬Ϊݺ촸ΪʵƿߣͬʱҲǿߡ
˵ţЩԺ
Ͼڶ޴½磬Ѿ޵еĴڡ
ֻǵ˵Ķ棬ôôŤء
ðɣҲչһѧԺЩȤȱȱһֲİѧԺ˵һ飬ˣҪְľһѧԺ
ʮ֣صĵ˵ͷҺѧԺְʱְ
ʱεҡҡͷ
ôʲôô
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ǵģܴ󡣡
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Լôô
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ոտ۽ˣв֮Ͽǻивʹѧ
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ȵڰ칫ϢԽԽ֮ۻ˵ţ͵ǰοˡ
ֻǼλʦﶼ֪Ҫˢˡ
Ϊ͵ģҲ֪ôǿ߶ġ
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̣ͬǰĻشȻĴ𰸣Ҳйоء
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λʦҲǰͷȴŹĻش
˵Ҳ˭һ㯵Լкηһ˵˵ǴȱĿǶҪˡ
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ûˡʱʦҲһ
ʿ뵽ڷϢԽԺ󹫲˵ţûκεı顣
뿪䶼Ŀ¡
޼ʱ򻺻λʿѧԺЩ룬ʺϳΪѧԺʦ
е룿
λʦǿЦеôһ㶼Ϻô
ùѧԺְѧǽ̳һȺʥˣǿɾ궿ˡ
ȷʵʺϳΪѧԺʦ
Ǿ˾ΪٸҲС
ԣѹˢˡ
Ļֻˢһ˵ĻҲ¼ȡ֮ˡ
һλˡ
˵ţͨϵͳʼ˽
ţֻǰһϤˣǾȻò߸
Ժһˡ
߸ֵĵһ仰ǵƸƸ뵽ģû뵽뿪ѧԺ֮󣬻ַʽٴγѧԺ
סȻЦӭ߸ʦ
޼ɵѾЦãһҲǲˡ
Ժյ¼ȡأʵ
λʦǿǣȴǵĻش
ϾĻǡ
˹ȫ¼ȡ룬ֻúܶ벻ȥ֪ͨһǣǶ˵ʮ֮󹫲¼ȡ


1616 
ȥ֪ͨܿλȫˡ
ŵȡţħʹ塢ɽ߸
ǻ࿴ţ˼ȴǸвͬ
ɽ߸֪Լһᱻ¼ȡԺܵ͵¼ȡ
֪ԼЩģԼһᱻˢʲôϣֵҲƽ
ʣµʹ塢ţħ͹ˣǶ
棬ԵЩţΪ֮ȻߵģҲڵڶλ
ֻ¼ȡһˣȻûˢ
ʱΪԺˣ֮л˱ѧԺ¼ȡԳΪѧԺʦ
¼ȡˣ
¼ȡĺܸߡ
˵ıٴη˱仯ΪˢֻԼΨпЦǳ׷ģµ֮Уһ֮һ
¼ȡ
Ҳûٳɣ˻һλŵȣϲ㡣
⻰ŵһϳЦݡ
¼ȡˣı¼ȡˡ
ЦЦŵڶλţħϲ㣬Ҳ¼ȡˡ
ţħһҲЩȡ
ûдӦƸѧԺʦҲײû뵽ȴձ¼ȡˡ
⻹֮ϲеûзӦ
ĻֿԿԼźˣԼС湫ҲѧԺҪˬˡ
Ҳ֪湫ܲܿϢ֪ѧԺ
λʹ壬ϲ㡣
룬ʹ廹ǺкøеģǵҲʹһ壬ǴǸʹв졣ѧԺҲһʹѧѧ֮ٮٮߣԺһླ磬ΪĲࡣܻܸȤпյĻȥ˽һ¡
ʹȻ˵ͷ¶˺ɫ
ǽλɽϲ㡣
ɽ˵ͷܵ
λ֮ģҲһ㲻֡
ʣµ棬Ѿ˲ˡ
ǾǹѾĸˣ˵ˢǸ˾֮С
׻˭
ʱǵλϲ㡣
⻰ΪԼˡ
Լ֣ôܣҸҲ̫ͻȻˡ
¼ȡˣѧԺ¼ȡˣԺѧԺһλʦ
˿̽ʧȥЦݣΪܱˢȴ¼ȡˡ
˵ձˢĲ߸
ϸ룬߸һСƨ濴ģ϶ˢ߸
һģ
ɾʱһ¼ȡ߸ʦӭصѧԺԺѧԺʽʦˡ
߸ٺһЦΪһҲȴ˺ܾá
뿪ѧԺصԼ磬ʵ̫Ȥˡ
˿̵Ĺȴɵˣֻо׹
߸¼ȡˣλ¼ȡѾȫȷǴǸˢˡ
Ϊʲô
˼Ůʿ޷ͨѧԺԣԵΪѧԺʦȻⲻ˵Ůʿ㣬ֻǹŮʿѧԺг롣ˣھ͹ŮʿصԼ磬ԺŮʿٴյѧԺƸ֪ͨȻԲԡ
˵ţͨϵͳͰѹͻصԭ硣
ڻ±ƵУͬ
ʲôԭ֪ʲôȻΪˢˡ
ǰд¼ȡλʦۣ߸ѾڸλʦѧԺˡ
߸ʦ뿪֮ѧԺ˷츲صı仯ܰɡ
۲ò˵
߸סЩ
ʱȥλʦļʹѧԺÿǰ
֮⣬֮еҲڲϵƽ
ѧԺѧǵĲ룬øӵĻҡ
ת۾͵˵ڶ꣬ҲǵڶƸʱ
ϵͳƸӦƸô
ѯʵԴ˻ǺڴģѧԺںȱʦǿӦƸɡ
ֻʱϵͳȴ˴ӦƸǿ߲ˡ
⻰Ǿ
ʲôǵǼˣ
˾Ͳˣܼеһһ
ΣҲֻˡ
û취ڶһɾʦѧԺ׳һ֡
˵£޷Իڡ
ϵͳ˵ɱ˵Ķˡ
޷ʼԻڣǲεƸˣֻܵһꡣ
һ죬ѧԺѧϿΣҲճһ
ʱԺҵеıǿ߿ϣгˣ˵Ҫ顣
΢΢һ˵ͷ


1617 
ûмȥϣһ˿İԼĿγ̸
ˣ¿Ρ
Сʱǻ˵š
ԼϿεĶ뿪˽ҡ
ѧԴҲϰΪûκεľȡҲԺ˾ηη塣ѧԺ棬ȴһλʦûκεļӣٲȻһλصѧߡ
ѧԺдңǼ˿ϣ
Ժ
ϣ˵ЩȣոڸѧϿΣ
ĶǾȻһ̲ģֽķֽϳɡСдѧԺвһ꼶׼̲ĺѧԺӡ
ҲһЩš
ǵġ
ЦЦԸո֪ǵãû
ԴûʲôģǼ£϶ҪԼĿγ̡
һʦģԺӦá
ϣβѣҲ˵ʲô
ǵΪǶЩӣҲ޿κΡ
֪ιʲô飿
ǿˣѯʵǲϴҽǵˣҵеλɶгԼɷݵ˼
ѯʵĿǰȽϹĵ顣
ѧԺҪ̲ҵУͱеĹɷݶչ
÷ҵеĹɷ֮ҲͱԼͼ
˭Ҫ۹ɷݣԳ۸
ϣһֲ²⡣
ϣЦԺ̫ˡڷҵеķչͷܺãûĸɶԸԼĹɷݡҾչҵУǸܵ飬Ƿɡ
ҲǵͷҵеĹɷεƿλʼ˵һپ٣һ֦ͬȾָҵС
Ц
ʲôһپ٣һû㹻档
ȻҲ˵
ϾʱѧԺҪҵУ϶Ҫʱ֮ˡ
Ŀǰȷʵ硣
Ǵ˴ιʲôĿģѯʵ
˵ţҲѯһڷҵе顣
ȷʵչͷܺãҲûκ⡣
˵ɡ
ϣ룬֪ǲϲĨǣҲ׼ڷʲôģǵõϢ֮һС漴Сʮټĳ棬Ļ汾ԴƬԶγ񣬿ν
΢΢һɫ
Ȼ֪ʲôǳ棬γɾͳֵ档
ټıԴʵǸ汾Դۣ۵Сȫͬ
е汾Դ۳һöö񣬶ÿνǿֲޱȣ˵˳Ϊࡣ
һöһո˳Ϊ࣬νһ졣
еʱĳЩ֪ĵطеĳγɵһЩżȻõЩ漴һ죬ɾͲ࣬ΪĴڡ
ȻȻޱȣҲб׶ˡ
ȣ̺ķǲȷģܶ඼ȷһǱںʵԻǰ̣ԺҲߵȷԣ΢ЩҰĵǶʹ񣬳Լޣ޷ߵȷ
ΣȻһ죬Ҳڰĳɷ֡ںΪĲ࣬һսĲҪ٣ԺΪǰѰٱֹ
Ȼ˵жܿ϶ԼͻƵླ硣
ñڵ棬һ֮пܳһࡣ
ԵޱЩ츳ߣǱߵһһöĳϣᱻ֪ۡԸΪҵǸߵȼ񣬺ñֱ˳ΪԲһЩ඼ΪɱԽ
ϢΪʲô
ǿſϣɲΪԷ˺ģһôûõģ֣һȥ񡣡
ϣ˵˵ͷ
ǣҰֵġ
Ҳ˼
ǵΪǲ񾳽绹˵սһ񼶱ģ֮е֡ǻǷҵеĹɶǰϢǣʱͺϣø
ѧԺһֱڱӵ˵ʵ̫ˡҪΪѧԺûõóֵǿߡһֱǿߣЩǿǿҲǴۣҲֻλѡһ㣬Щɵǿ߱Ͼǵ࣬ǲȫڵѧԺѹЩˡ
ϣ˵ţ΢ЦŸǡ
֪ǲѧԺѧʹ񣬿ǻɵ˾Ͳһˡ
ҪҪĲ顣
˵ĺе
ǲòϿϣ˵Ŀ棬̫ˣȷһĲ
ܻһЩΪһЩ࣬ԺǺӵʱ
˵˵ɡ
ĶˣֱԵֻҪ̫֣ҿԴӦ㡣
⻰Ǽ
Ҳ֪ǺǿֻҪͬ⣬Ļһն
ϣϳЦݣᵮǧöҲᵮٶöǷҵе˼ԺܶʮöԺҪκδۣ޷ʮöԺǲʮöԺͬ⣬ͰСϢʵ档
ʮöǷҵеĿꡣ
ҪСʮö˿϶٣һܶʮöѾֲܿˡ
ĶЩˣʲôʵ
ûмŴӦʵ
ϣ˼һ£ҲǺп϶в岻࣬ǿӦúһǴԲΪЩԲ඼Ǵӹģвٶſս
岻ࣿ
֮Щɱ⡣
Щĵˣһ棬ݡ
֮УɱδֹͣΪγսÿսı治࣬ʬǶܶѳһɽ
ǵġ
ϣ˵ͷǵսҪǺսⶼһ
˵ţɫء
ȥս֪Ĳҳ̶ȡ
֮ϡ٣֮еսһץһѣÿȥĲ඼Ϊλġϣ˵ͻƾͻᱻ汾ԴǣӣʵΪ˵塣汾ԴұƣϵͳһЩǾǲǾǿ塣
û˵ʵȿϣĸ̡
汾ԴڱΪ汾ԴѾ޷ƿ档
粡ڴݻ汾Դһ㱣ƣֱ泹̱
ҴӦ㡣
ǻûкͿϣּۻۡ
ܿǿϣģ֮еλҵеĴʼˡ
Ӧþǵĵߡ
ǾףǺ졣
ϣЦЦεҪ˳ࣺʮ֮СͻῪʼ׶ΣʱҴ˹һȥ
ǵ˵ͷʾû⡣
ϣˣûж͡
޾֮УԴٶڼӿ죬֪ʲôʱͻ᳹ױ
ʱ汾Դ޷άתһոµʱͻᵽ
ͬˣ֪ΣҲǻ֮ڡ
Ǿһ˸Ⱦ˲ʧȥ˶ƿأһɱЩ˵ͻһ㲻˥ǿǰ
ǽ
ʱȥת۾ǵʮ֮
Ժǵˡ
ϣ˵ߣҽһ£λǷҵеĲֱ࣬Բ񰬲³Լλġ
ǵ˵ͷˡ
Բ񰬲³򻹺ãһ۾Ͱ˿˸ͨ͸ʽͷ
ǸģȴǷǱһ㱡סһ㡣
Ǻá
ЦЦǺ˴һк
ΪΨһһŮԣҲ˵ֻǻеĵ˵ͷǻӦ
ͷƺ֪˵ʲôá
³ߵǷҵһĸˣѧԺһɣ治֪ôģҪǷҵѧԺ
⻰ס
һﾹȻЩѧԺϣѾһ
ʱڱܣûаѧԺѾǷҵеɶϢˡѧԺʵһǿѧԺǣ˭֪³ǲǶȻĻϣѵһΪԼڻεɡ
˵ʲôѾڣʱûκãؼǿʵñģǰٶ඼á
˵ٲȻһֳ³ץ˹ȥҪ³һѵ


1618 С
³סתǴŭ
Сң
ţһȭǺ˹ȥһС糯˹ȥ
ǵһץ֮£С˲顣
³ɵۣŵĿһĻҵС֮ȭȻƽ⣬ǿϣ˶
ޱȣҲ֪ǵʵԶתܣܿǵĹ
ǵƲ֪ô£ôӴܣȻ䣬һƾͰĵ߻һ㣬ǰ
˶ǾĿһĻš
ð֮³ת˹Ѿ˾η֮ɫ
³ոô㣿ǰѯʵ
޷ģ³ǲ㲻һһơ
Ȼû˵Ҳһ档
Ҷˡ
³Цҵһʱ䷢ֲǶ־Ϳʼܣѵûпô
⻰ϣǾޱȡ
ô£װ׿³ԭزһ
ҲͣǿԳ˰ɣ
ϣһ˵ͷ
³ʱ룬ߵǰˣոðʵǴ󲻾ˡ
˵У١
Ҫǿǵʵһƶ֪ô£Ѿķڷ
´ٷͲһƵˡ
ǵĮ˵ԭ³򣺡߰ɣǳ
ϣҲ˵ʲôˡ
ʵǿԴŽΪɽʦһģ˴һӦҲı¶ѧԺʵԾûдκˡ
һ֮һ֪Ļ
ˡ
ϣ˵ţ޾Ŀռ֮
һСѾ˲ƣʱҪһ㡣
ǹȥ
ϣϰˣЩڴ˵Ⱥˡ
ǵ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ҵеˡһ˵¶˲ƵĿ⡣
ʱҲע⵽ӣ˾ȻҲŴԲΪһ㶼ȿϣ١
ſϣƺ˵⡣
֮УǼСǺкУ֮һٶԵУеȹģСǷҵһٶ֮ʮӽ٣ʮһҵеĸˣͷϣ򵥵˵š
ҵУ
ȻУеҵΧ뷺ҵغϵĵطŷҵеļ׳󣬿ʼַҵеҵʹжòɿ
ԺһҪһ
ϣѵȻǵǻòҲˡ
Ȼû뵽ϣȻ˺ݶ
ϸһ룬ˡ
лĻ϶ҲԴΪͷԼҵ
֪ˡ
ǵ˵ͷѧԺҲǷҵеĹɶ֮һάҵе档
ˣֻܶԲˡ
Щأ
ʱһߣһȺǵܴ
Щ˿ǣǿһζһ㣬޲ҧһڡ
Ƕ塣
ϣϳֵɱ⣺ֱǽ塢;壬һЩС壬ҲΪסɽ֣Ժڽ϶İΪ׵ļ棬мĴԲ񡣡
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ҲǰͷڽϤ˽Ļ
ҪҲո˽Ĳȣѽ˽߰˰ˡ
ڽ֮УǵۼкɫɫɫɫɫɫɫԼǸߵȽ壬ڽ֮еλȻϸϣ˵Բ壬ϵۼɫеİɫۼס
ٿˡ
ϣǾ壬һص塣ǵ嶼һϸɣǾȴһСƴնɡЩ֮дĶԳ磬ͬȾĻһλԲ̺ǵİٱֹͽ׵ǿվȡ
ϣԾܼɵ
Ϊһܴ߶һİٱսѹʵġ
ñ˿ԲûбʤģҲֻ
ǰͷȻ˵壬Ҳ˽⻹ǵһμ塣
þ嵹ĹϸʵϵС壬ϸĿҪԶڹɾľ塣򵥵Ĺһ£ͬȾ羧ԴصİٱôܻҪǾİٱҲ򱶡
ϸϽֵᱻ
սˣҲܿ¡ԺЩսһҪսپΪ崢صǵսʱԽԽΣһЧİ취ǵľԣǾһǾġ
ϣ˵
ǶԴֻ֪΢ɲĵ˵ͷǱߵһһǾ˰ɡ
˵ţָָһĿ࣬׸ߵӡ
ӴɫĶһȴϸһ͵ġ
ԺָܻᱻԷΪơ
ϣһȻǺҲԸڻɱʱ
ǵĿ
ȻǾѾ˹ϴž˵ɱ⡣
΢΢һЦȴû£ڲᶯֵġ
Ļ˵꣬ǾӾͱͷֻĿһۣƺ˵ţÿ
á
ϣһ֮Уǽ壬ǽĿࡣǾ壬Ϊսֲʵ塣٣ǵÿһǸɣܿǿվһĴڡڿֻ׶ߣıɶֹ
⻰Ƕǰ𾪡
ǾʮףֱǺţֲôǿ
⻹㣬廹һֲҲ˶ɵޱȵģǾӷôͬȾǿȣ˭ܱȵĹǣҲʱԸһͬľ壬ǿҪʮΧɱлɹ
ϣ˵ţЩĽ塣
ʵ̫죬ǵˣ˭Ըǡ
þ٣ҪǾһĻˡ
е˼
ЦǾӺץѧԺúоһ
ߣɴԭ˿ʲô幹졣
һЩ嵹ǲֵôɵϣʱֻҪ㿪壬ἸöӦòѡ
ġ
ǹǸһﶼס
ʱǵ͵һ㣬ܿǿߣǵΪȡһЩǺġ
Ǳ߻һЩˣҾͲˡ
ϣָָЩ˶ġ
ǵ˵ͷĳ档
浮ʱֵ֮ĳ棬̺ıԴ꾡ϾҲ汾ԴģߴȻȡ
еĳᵮ
Щȫླ硣
˵ߵȼĳ棬񾳽硣
ϸǰĳ棬ʶ͸ȥ
ܸоСڱͷų뵽֮УٶȺܿ졣
ʶ룬ֱСıԴ֮ء
ǿСıԴڽѿʱܳ鿪
Щԡ
üͷСıԴٶ̫ˣС뻹ܼڸʮԪ֮á
˳˼ܿ뵽һԭ
ʵ汾ԴڱЩĳǰ汾ԴӦȡЩֹԼıڿ޼¡
ΪǱˮнȫֹˡ
Щܣǲûкκ˵Ϊ˵ҲûֹһС
ʱȥת۾ȥ
СôǼˡüͷЩͷˣ˶ʮһˣԲλȴȥ֪˿϶ԽԽࡣ
˵ţЩԹ
Сһֱ֪ȴԽԽ࣬ʱѶȾԽ
ϣҲ֪˵ʲôãҲֻܵȡ
ʱȴǻ۾СıԴѾ˼ޣʱܾ⼸档
⻰ϣ˶ס
⼸죿
ЩĿǣʵҿһֱ۾ǲǰʶ뵽С֮УڸС˥̡ԣڲô϶ΪѾСıԴָˡ
ЩȵĿżģȻԼʲô


1619 ɫ
ԱߵĿϣ˶Ǿ֣ŵĿǣС˥̣ǲ̫ˡ
ЦЦûнʲô
ԼУֻһʽ
ʱĺ
֮ĳһ̣Ȼһ춯صʱպ
һսᡣ
˶ˣСһΪȻٴѳΪݡһʿʼ̮ײѣһƬ˷ȥһſŵǡʵÿһƬһҪȫһԪһ㣬ļƬȫﵽ˴ԪļޣǧС
ܵСĻӰ죬ҵĿռ䳱ϫ
ڣвǶ˱ᡣ
˹ȥ֮ãСɢĲˡ
Ҫˡ
ϣ˵ţЩҰռƻ£岻ӴǾ;壬ȻȡߵΣգһԮ
˶ǵ˵ͷ
ϣʱֲһ䣺ԺһǸҵе٣Ҫ񡣡
ǵ˵ͷһϡ
ʱҲСĺģֻСıԴһѣʱҪըһ㡣
˶ڽĵȴţһҫ۵İ׹
ֻС汾ԴȻѿΪһŵİ׹⳯˷ȥп֮
Щ׹

֪˭һһϡ
ʱ򿴵ӿռֳʮˣǶѾܾˡ
е˼
ǻǵһμ˷ĳ棬úȤ
һٶλ࣬Բпʮλ֮һܾǰһˡ
ϣѾȥĿꡣ
ԼܲϵĶˡ
ѾԼǰһöץ˹ȥҪεץС
ɾʱһŮӳƮƮĴȥһơ
һƻΪһӰա
ϣֻоǰһƬڣûô£ͱһķ˳ȥ
ʱϣϳŮӾȻģ׼ȷ˵Ӧ˵ģֽȰףҲǴԲ񾳽硣
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ȻϺõģһסһ
ǽˡ
ϣɫʮѿԸʵ
˵ʵ̫ǿǽˣԼһܿܿգһöѻá
ϣöˡ
ٵޱȣһöһöĵȼܸߣںˣһոһԾΪ׵λ顣
˵ŵʱϵĶҲ
ס
ϣŭѣ̲סȵ
Ļ³ͼͬʱ֡
ȻĿٵ֣ǳֵʱҵк˵ļλҲͬʱ֡
³ȫԷ˲ס
˾ȵǣľȻͻλԲһѳǴ١
ģ
ɫأȻ¶һɱ⣺֪㣬ֶȷɾ͵Ĳ࣬ǰֶȷںһγԼеı취֮Ϊ취һֽӽһȷķǿλΪȴԲ۷һս
⻰ĸ
ҲʲôܣҵкͷҵǾ֣϶
ȴЩԾֲ͸ģԭһﾹȻںϷ򣬶ǰֶȷںһγɵһǿ취
ԣĵʵսʵҪ³
ٳ˼һ£ϳһɱ⣺ǾǾ֣ǱͻƵԲ񾳽磬ҶĶ֡Ȼˣͳý㡣
˵ţʾһΧġ
ʱ᧿Σ
û˱˵һֻѾץסһö
ˡ
ޱȣԶö
ɾʱһӰĳǰĮĿ
˭
˵ţȻ뵽ʲôˣǸſϣһġ
ɫˡ
֪ǵˣ˿Ҫǹ
㲻ҵĶ֣Ҳɱˣҡ
ʱ򿪿ڵʮƽ˵ţȻ֪϶Ը񽻳ǾֻԼˡ
˵ţǿٳ֣һ־ץ˹ȥ
һץ֮£ٵֹǻΪС
ٴʧɫԼĹǰȫһ
ǲӦǵѾץסֱۣȻֻһֱ۾Ѿˡ
еҲ˳
ҵġ
һֻ־
˿ȫǷˣֵȻˣ⿪ʲôЦ
ģ񡣡
ǵ˵ţһӾͰȷ˳ȥȫǱ
ʲôʱʵ
öҲҹ
תһץöݵ񣬱һǣסһ㣬뵽С
ö֣ȫһǳɡ
ϣע⵽һĻЩţôöǶȥˡ
Ȼ˼һˡ
Ȱŭͳ˹Ҫ
ǿϣȴǴЦסȰףոҲСģűһƴУԺߣȹһ˵
˵ţֵԺǺġ
ȴǲô쿨ϣ飬ȰײǴԲΪҪϣš
վŲȰҲܴö

ȴǳżĶȥһƴȥЩΧĵļλԲǵɳȥ
ĶʱһղĺΣա
л
ϵ˵û뵽ǻ
ԺʱĻȥңġ
ƽ˵ţԼںϷܺ棬úбҪоһ
һ㣬Ͳü
ãõġ
ӦΪҪָ˷ܲѡ
ҲͣȰ׺ټˣöҵȥǲٶȥ˷ʱˡ
˵ţ¶һǿϢ
Ȱ׺ٶһŵĶ
ǿ
Ȱ˵ţ֪֪Ѷˣ˵ʵԲȿϣپȥʵǵòʧץʱڻһ֮
ö⣬ʾ١
ﲻȰ׵˼Ҳǵˣǳ׷ȥ
Ժлˡ
ϣʱߣоüǻûжٳ֣ȴ˵Ȱ׶ǣˣ߿Ժڣ󷴶Լ˴
ǲÿɷ񣬳˼һµôȥɣȻŵ޷ʮö񣬿Ըǲʮöһöòˣ˵ȥҲԵ̫ˣǼλ˵ʱҲ޹⡣
⻰˶ڨڨ
һöòˣȷʵЩλ˵
ʣµ񻹶࣬Ҳܻһö
ϣ˵ţѾѡ˼Ŀֻ꣬ǺȻȴס뵽ʲôԺôȥ
֪ǵĿ϶ֹöҲʮöȥġ
ȻǶ
Ͼȥɫ򡣡ǵ˵ţȻ˴㡣
򣿡
ϣȻﲻʲô˼Ժ㲻Ҫٱ˰ɣ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
һööôˣҲʮö
ȥٱˣЩѾˣЧȴ
Ŀˡ
ţһ塣
ڸոһĹ徹Ȼö
˵ţӰһͳǸ塣
ϣĿɿڴ
ȻǴٱˣһ壬̫ˡ
˵ţȫ硣
ҲǣŭʲôȻҵ·
ҲԲ۷Ϊһȭȥ
ȴǸᣬ־һץ
һץ֮£ĹȫΪУûзӦͷԼΧһƬڣʲôˡ
ȥɣ
óһСĲƿĵĽװ˽ȥ
ԶĿϣһĻѾĿɿڴ
Ǵ٣˶һץˣܻܺңûע⵽ǡ
һ֪ʲô壬Ҳö񡣡
ٴγ֣Ҳȫûз֮ͱץ
˽ӶģȻץ塣
ϣжʮö֮ࡣ
٣
ǺȻֳٸǰոջõһöҡ
ɵۣôɷǡ
ңȻҰҲץˡ
˵ţոץЩ岻ʱٿ϶Ѿˡ


1620 Ժ
⻰óһСƿһ
ոץ壬Ŀ
ֱ̫
ٺȻǲԸѺò׵񽻳ȥ
ôߣѰһᡣ
ǾͱԼˡ
ǵĮ˵ţ֪ʲô⣬ߣϧעܲġ
˵֮һֳֻץ˹ȥ
ٸоȫǰѲãʱɫס
֣ҽô
æʱסǹɢȥֲ̫ˣ㵽ʲôΪ֮⣬ΪʲôôǿĴڣⲻ
٣Ųʲô
㡣
˵ţӸǣĵ뿪ˡ
ĺˣĶˡ
ʮöˡ
ţĳ
һԲʵʮǿɱλ࣬ȡö
ܺãˡ
˵ţӰһ˹ȥ
ŮҲЦôĵӣȻԼ
ԲΪսһĴԲ
ǣһ㶼塣
עܾˣһö񡣡ǵ˵ţ˵óսüʶһ¡˳ĻҲ׼һȥкܶ˹ƶȤ
˵ȻѧԺ
ѧԺ֮еѧĿǰһûС
ˣȻҪץһȥоҲץ

Ů˵ţսն˹
ԵĸоŮӷʱС֮жӿֳһֱǿ
Ȼ񡣡
ţ̺İ뾧壬ֱһ޶
Ѿɲ롣
ŮӵһѾն˹ֱĲӣһնס
̫ˡ
˵ţһֳֻŮӵսץȥ
ʱһɿĿռεذסŮӵս
ô£
Ůӷ˲ԣоԼս̶֮Уڿٵɢ
ǣǵ֮ɫ
ɵġ
Ů𾪣֪ôģѾоһΣա
ȻʱֻǵһָֻһǾȻһüĶȥ
Ŀ϶һȷ򣬲ȻԽһ󾳽磬ǾҲܺЩƽɫһͱѹӽ嶼
Ůţȴˡ
ս޷ֻҧϾʱǱҪ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ƕ㿪Ǳɱһ
汻ҲˣһɱҲЩȡ
ǻ³һҪǾŮӵźǿսʶ׵ľͶ˹ȥ
ûʲôǣǳžŮ׷ȥٶޱȡ
Ӳġ
˵ţһȭ˾Ůӡ
Ǻƽһȭȴ˿ռƺԽռһŮӡ
Ůӻ֣̿ҲһȭԺ˹ȥ
һ촫ŮȫУ˳ȥ
̫ǿˣҸǶ֡
ŮЩ˳ƳԶɱ
ߣȻǱǸ׽˲ɡ
Ǿʱʲôˡ

֪Լ϶뵽ĳռ֮УѳȴǷȫá
ץסˡ
ǵĮóһƿŮҲ˽ȥ
Ѿץĵ߸ˡ
ɾʱһע⵽ǾλԲӡ

ʲôˣ
˵ţһɱĿǣ÷ɯȻ㲻ú
÷ɯǸոǸץסľŮӡ
ҡҡͷȻܷˣһص壬ҶԴ˺Ǻ档÷ɯҾʹȥоһҪ
⻰ֱš
ǰץ÷ɯȻоһ¾塣
ǾʲôʱǱоĶˣǶԷôֱ׵˵
Ҽ󵨵࣬ȻоǾ塣ȻˣҾ֪Ŀ¡һץˣҲɱ㣬ǲϵĥ㣬ֱԼܲסָоһ̹ĵġ˵ţǡ
Ǻη壬ƺѾȴһˡ
Զϣһֱڹעǡ
ץһԲѾĿɿڴ
ڿǾȻ뾧ĴԲսһ飬ԼӶˡ
ˣԺôλĴԲ񣬲˵Ҫܿô³Щ⡣
Ҳһǵļƻ̫ˡ
λĴԲӦ֮ʵǰĴڣһҲȥǡ
֪Ժô
ϣЦãһʼûаҵĻ£˵Ҫܿ壬ȡһ񣬿Ժȴרֱ֣ٶԷѾץλ壬һλ񼶱ģʮöˡⲻոץһԲ񣬽λԲˣ˼ܷŹ
⻰³ȫɵۡ
ר֣
ֲô֪嶼ǵô
Ժĺ
ȴЩתֵԺʮöջûУ
⻰˶
ǿһöûлãڻ㵰ѵҪ˵С
֮С
ò˵ĺһˡ
ϰҲֻ΢ռһϷ硣
ǿ֮ͬУҼǿ
ţһܻΪĵӰƿǺӣնƷԴסǡ
һƿֲ
Ǿ壬ǿȵĹʩչʮΣȴһ㶼ûм
˵ţ֪Ϊ֮еԣԲ޼ɵʩչǿȵĹ
˼һ£һжʱ𵴡
ֻ޾Ŀռǻ֮ףҲǴ֮ס
ʱҲע⵽һĻŵĿգ浽˭߶ǿֶΡ
ʵ֮е׷ȷ֮ףɻ棬Ҳɵ
һ֮䣬ȷཱུ
һ֮䣬Ҳʹ
˷׼֮ݱûʩһż׷һͨ
ܣҲ̫ˣ
ޱȣһ
ͬСޱȵĶ
һһѾǺܲˡ
ʩչף϶˵˶ɵˡ
䣡
£еĹǻΪޣҲǱһ׸ݻ١
鴤С˲䱻ա
ϣ˴˿̶Ŀɿڴǵǿٴˢǵ֪
ⶼֻˣ⾧ķҲǼĿ¡
ţٴβף׽һҲ׽Ǿ׽һһǴԲ񣬸оֵ
˵ţһȥ
ɾʱһӰǰ
ֳϵ͵Ļȥʱռ飬ҲǱĸɢˡ
ǸĴԲ
棬ΪǿĴڣûԸ
أлˡ
һ٣лȻΪص̫ǿˣҸоԲǴԲ񣬿ӳĹֱšսڣƲ˿ļ֮еƺǾ廹Ҫࡣһ
⻰ǾҲǵ˵ͷ
Ǹĸо̫̫Σˡ
ɱ
룬ʾԼһλĴԲҪΧǡ
ɾʱһһŮվ˳
˶ǱĴԲʱѡάǣܿǱɱˡ
û°ɣ
һ˵ҽ澺ġЩȻǿ󣬵ȴǣڣɱ㡣
⻰ǵ˵ͷǺܸмģܿΪеࡣ
ʱԱǸŮҲŵҴӵսͱɵЩ壬ʹ
˵ţԵöʮֵĳޡ
Щȣû뵽Ůӿʮӣ˿ɱ⣬ȴǴսġ
ؿһĻѾüͷ
û˰ǣΧһԣλԲĲ
Ҳʱһ
˶ǿ˹ȥֻСַ֮ɳű֮ǰҪĹš
Բ񼶱񣡡
˾һСıԴ
⻰ûһ˳ɡ
Բ񼶱ֻҪһöһո˳ΪԲҪ֮ǰҪ

ʱҲһѾϾ˼ˡ
ʱҲǳȥ
һ˭ˣǾͻɥʧȻܾҪһԲ񼶱ʧ֮ۡ
Ҳǲ⣬ȥ


1621 ܵ
һöԲ񼶱ࡣ
س׼һûȥܿ͸׷ϣһץС
öλԲһöĴԲһöǱĴԲᡣ
ǳһ£ŽλԲȥ
ԱĴԲ֣ĻǸովάĿŮӡ
Ǿֻ֣ܳλԲ
ٴαʩչĴԲȥ͸ռ䣬޿赲
ĴԲҪץס񣬴˿̴ʧɫ

߶ֵ֮֮
һ׽޿˺ʱգ͸磬ֱ͸Ԫ顣
һѪ³ɫ̿ޱȡ
٣֮ԴҲûˣﻹս
ҪߣҲ˲Բ񼶱ˡ
ҹ
Цţȴһֳֻץȥ
֮£ԲȫѲãֱӱץġ
ϤĲƿ֡
ȥ
ǰӸװȥȫһǳɡ
һУֳԲ񼶱һץץС
ɾʱ򣬽λԲ
ոǵľٶùǡ

Ǵƴȥܻ޾磬ƺҪǰУ١
λԲû뵽Ǵ˿̻ܷӳ˹ȴһӦУһѪ˲ᡣ
ҰҲ׽ˡ
зݣûᡣ
ֻͬʱ̽Բץȥ
ǾʱضǣӶһ̴ռԪ˹
ڿռûʲô򣬲Ȼһܻٵϵ
һҲӲӣֻ÷׽λԲ񣬶ռ䣬ѸŲƶ㿪
زûоʹ֣ͣǳǼ׷ɱȥ
еϵػӶһһǣȻռλ涼ҵ
˶һĻסˡ
ٰ֮ǲҵѳ
Ժ
ϣ˳Լǰǣ˿Ѿķڷ
Ϊǿܱǿһ㣬ڿⲻǿһ㣬ǿ̫ˡ
˵ģصһס
ǿڵǣȻ˿Ǳȫࡣ
û£ĲȷʵöԸ
૵ոճԴ߶ֵ֮صĹȴȫá
صƺԴ͸ֱﱾ塣
ӷ˵ȷʵģҴ߶֮ԿĻҲû취˵ѾŪ˾ص㡣
Ըȷʵֻܼ֣Եѹǡ
ԺѾôҪǳɡ
ϣ룬̫ΣգؾҲҵǵĽ򡣡
³ҲǰͷѾȷʵ뿪
ЩȷʵѾ뿪ˡ
ðɡ
룬ҲûıҪˣʾ⿨ϣߡ
ҲҪߵʱصȴΧ
ɱ
ĴԲһλԲʮһλԲǷ˹
ϣ˾ĿһĻȫû뵽ͻȻΧǡ
ΪɱңΡ
Цȴһ㶼η壺ҪսǾ;ҵҪҺΡ
˵ţһȭһӡ
ֻصϢ𣺡һ˲䣬ųҹ·ƣ
¡
״ͷųȥɲֳִ̫֮󸫣أֻء
⻹ףȴǴ
飡飡飡
һкףһʮλ岻඼߻أֻʶӡ
ֵһȴҲָ޷Ӳֻòֻʺɫ̿֡
ɱ
һ岻Χ֮ԺȨȻΪͻȻ֡
⻹һʹñ
һ֣նţܵС
ŽλԲǳɱȥգնһƬմ硣
λԲ֣߶ȫֵ
꣡
һС
λԲһзãһͰ˵ն롣
ٴγΧɱһִɱķ£Ȼࡣ
˱Ԯǣ˿ȴͣסˡ
Ǵһ˶Կ廹·磬ﻹǳ֡
˿һĻرסˡ
սʮ࣬ԽսԽ£ȴ߸˶˲ʡ
أҲһն˼Ѫֱ
սӣڿƲԣҲҺǽ֡
һ嶼ǲֻʶӣǱޱȡ
ת۰ڵˣﻹиʱ硣
ӵĵǿ졣
վ֮УЩЦ
Ӱһ˿ϣߡ
Ժ㡭̫ǿˡ
ϣ˵һ˶ô壬ɱЩɢӣ˵ȥ˭š
Ҳˣ׷ױʾ⡣
ǵʵҲ𾪡
Ҳ˵ʲôӦ֮Կϣߣǻȥ
ϣͷ뿪
ϵ
ѯʵأһ˼ö񣿡
ǵúͿϣԼҪǲʮöȻˣ
ö
ϣЩ˼˵
ҶȥöԲ񼶱񣬸˿ɳ֮ǻһ
һҪö
ǵ˵ţһӾͳ˰ö񣺡ֻ˵˸ǲʮöȴûҪö棬öλ񼶱ģöλ񼶱ģ㿴һǷ⡣
ϣ˵ͷȻҲ֪ǲܰѵȼߵ
öλ񼶱ģʵѾܲˡ
ǻõöʵҲλ񼶱ġ
ڿϣöǷʱҲ̲Լʣµ
һΣһǻʮö֮ǰץλͻʮöץ˽λԲѵöһöԲ񼶱
һʮö
ڸ˿ϣö񣬻ʣʮö
ʮö棬λ񼶱ʮöλ񼶱ʮöλ񼶱öԲ񼶱һö
ϣʱڼϣЩ˷ܵû⣬ζлԺˡ
ʮöѾˡ
ǵҵе٣Ҳһһö
ȫûȡ
вˣһ˶ö񣿡
룬ȴʵ
ǵõǷɳ˴ԼöԼʮö֪㲻ࡣ
Ųİöһٶöٶ̫죬ûб׽
ϣ룺棬ԺõӦģǸأ˴ԼʮöȻ澺Ŀ;һλԲǶǻ˴Լʮö񡣡
⻰ǰͷ
ֻвİöһ˾Ͷȡʮ֮һѾˡ
ȻҲԶĺãȥ񣬶ֱӴЩˡ
ءԼλԲʵҲɵġ
µ˾ͽˣʮöҲԻȡˡ˵ţ˿ϣˣѧԺɺӼӷҵдûɣ
ûУû⡣ѧԺеĹɶֻǴĻҿȫϢϣ֤֪ǵˡ
ȻˣǾȴһڲңʮɡǼµ˵ŵģȴѿϣһ
һڲң
ʮ꣬ҪϢĻûİ
һʱЩЦãǴȫٰ
Ժ
һɫһڲҲСĿɺӼŶֵô಻ҡ
ҵǮҲӻ
Ǿͻȥġ
ǵĮ˵ţ־ÿϣˣһҲһġ
ϣ˵ʲôֻ뿪
ߺ˪ˣֻûҪһѣҪҲ̫ˡ
ȴҡͷ
Ȼôһ㶼ࡣϣǸСϢϢֵ˰ö񣬵ʱһΪôҲܶøöû뵽ȴֻöҸҪһڲңһöλ񼶱úõĻʮڲңλ񼶱ˣջ׬ˡ
⻰˪Ҳǵ˵ͷ
һڲҶڷҵ˵ʵҲֻǾţһëѡ
ߣϣҵʵȻҪȥǷҵеļλʼΪ£ңҲҪ顣ǼȻͲ⣬ڵĻǿһʣµʮöҪô䡣


1622 
ʮöζʮ˿һ죬Ϊ߸ϵĲࡣ
ζʲôÿ˶
ȣǳ
͵ȼλֻҪɱͿгһٸԪĻʮ֮ࡣ
Ϊ࣬Ҫһԭ
Σǿ
Ϊ˲࣬ӵԼ֮Դ
ͻ޾
ֿһ죬Ϊ񣬿ж˻Ķ
̲㣬ʮöҲȫǡǻڵϣƾԼͻƵླ磬
ʮöҲ͸һ롣
˪Ҳǵ˵ͷΪ˵ĺе
ȫƾԼΪ࣬ҪֻʱѡѧԺĻü˳Ϊ͹ˡ˪˵ʮöҾʮöѾӡϾһЩǿľްԼڶûʮλ༶򡣡
ʮöǼƻ
Ǿʮö
˵˸ĿʣµĶʮöأʲô飿
˪οһ˪뷨
ʮöŵѧԺѧǶһϾÿѧɾ磬Щ츳׵ѧҲһ·˪˵ţʣµʮöɺӼҪöЩȥΪ̸ĳ룬ֻΪڲԱĽкܴá
ף˪˵ĺе
ʣµöԼġ˪ԥһ£˵үүȻʱ֮ǰͿʼҲٵԴʵû츳ԼҲǺԣԵڻɾ磬Ҳͼʮꡣȵ޵޷ͻƵɾ硣
үӵ飬Ҳ֪
֪˪˵Ĳȵ޵үͻƵɾĿ΢΢
үӽͻˣɺԪɡʥأ
֪ˣȡһöλүүɡǲ˵ʲô˪˽ģγǣλҲޣҸоȵ汾Դ֮Ҳ̣ǰĲͶܻڼԪԺȴδػܻôá
˪⻰㵲ѣΪʲô
ǳĬˣƬ̺󻺻һǾǳ㣬汾Դǵֳྻһϵͳ汾ԴϵͳٵƱػ⵽Ⱦó᲻ܵӰôеһжǽ汾ԴģԺʲôܶᷢ仯ûʲôֵġ
˪ͷô¡
ʣµöǴĸףԼҵĸĸɡ룬Ѿ˪뷨
˪Լǣҵļ˶Ϊ࣬Ȿ޿ɺǡ
ȴҡҡͷǵ˷ʹ񲻿ɵʱҲԼʹүүֻһ⡣
˪ϸһˡ
үǲԼ׺ǵĸĸȴˡڸʹ񣬹Ȼһ죬ҲɥʧǱûʸԼĸǸĸҲΪһȤˡ
֪ˡ
˪˵ͷ⻹ʣµöô
ǣŰɡ
˵ţѡöλ񼶱񣺡ţһʹʱͰó
˪ǵ˼
ʣµ棬óöλ񼶱ģöλ񼶱ģһöλ񼶱ġ
Ǹġ
˵ţŵһߣȻö
ö棬öλ񼶱ģöλ񼶱ģһöλ񼶱ģǸɺӼŵġ
ʣµȫѧԺģöԲ񼶱
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ˣ䡣
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̵ʷΣһŵѧУҪһſγ̣ܽʷʦ϶Ǵ֮һ·߹Щˡ
ͬѧǣĿγ̽ˣǻȥ֮Լһ¹Ƴʷ½ڿҪ顣˵ţʼʰԼĽ̲ġ
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ѧҲʼ̲ģʱһ˹
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ˡ
ʱ򻺻ǵʮȫǰͻħˣǵ峤ɶǵѧУǶĻ֡ҲܵӰЩͻħ˿ʼǵĹ̶ӣѧУĿòͣΪԷһҲ˻
⻰üͷĻ֣ɶ֪ĵͦࡣǵʮĽ̻ߣҪȥͣӦǣַǵȨǰͻħһ޷ͣʸߵĿ£ǵҰĻɵġǸˣҪѧУǹܲҲûΥǵԼ
⻰΢΢üүӣͻħ˵ʵɶһλ׵ĵ۾ѹסȻǿпᱻֹҪѧԺѧæ
ܲʲô鶼Ҫ˰æҡҡͷȻͳ̾һʵؼʵ
ϣþòʱһ


1623 
»ͷȥһ
Ҳһվһϰߡ
ôˣ
룬Щƽ˵š
лεµģȴǸʱѡλ
Ҳ˺ܺõѣʦѡ
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ĺ£
˶ǺĿڵȴĽ͡
֪ѧԺٷ֮ʮϵѧԵʵѧԺΪ˸лΪѧԺṩôԴԲóһЩر
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ֻԲһˣһ׿ɺŪ
ʲôл֪ѧԺǲڵȻвõԴѧԺڵǵ׬ˡ
н죬ҲѧԺһִٳɵġ
ðɣҾ֪Ūϡ
˼¶ҪŭˣͲһҵСˣǸɴʵ˵ʵģԺõһЩ񣬴óʮöǿʵҲ֪ģڵ̫ˣλۣǵࡣ
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Ҳһͺֻʲôȴǲ֪
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⻰ԱһҲһ
һöʹſһ˳Ϊ࣬ȻǴ۾磬ԪѾĴ룬ԺͻƵླĸʸ΢΢˵ѧԺ棬ǻͻƵĻᡣѧԺǣְǿǡ
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⻰Ƥѷܲס
ǿѧԺԺǺεȵǿߣǵ
ѧԺԺҲһصС˼ǵĸܡ
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ٳĬˣǶܵõ
ֻǳΪĻǰȴûʸãʵЩץ
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ٲһЩĿƤѷ
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ЩҸ㣬̫ˡȻŴ۵ʵסɱѶȺܴ󡣹ؼﻹǵһ־ͻᱻ־ʱǻûж񣬾Ҫ־ѹˡ
Ƥѷ˵ͷ֪˵
ǲʲô⣿
ٿƤѷһ㶼ֵӣʵ

Ƥѷߵһˣõһݰ䷢Ļ̡һھʮöóȷ뵽ı⣬Ȼ󵱻ʼʱ߰һööóǰ佱һ°䷢ЩĽܳࡣ
ı⣿
һ֪˹ؼڡ
뱦֮ȫԳûȻ֪뿪ƤѷЦƻȻðգǿԺܸߣȫֵһƴ
ˣƤѷԼ˵ʵԼһ
Ϊ˳Ϊ࣬ѵƴһƴô
Ƥѷ٣˵ǿʮöȫȫߣʱǸںһöʣµǱ˻ܻȡһȲƵĲƸ㹻ңܾˡ
ٲЩĶﲻ֪ļֵ
Ƥѷٵɫ仯֪ԼѾҪ˵˵ǵ֮󣬿ӵ֮СѧԺܴ֮󣬿֮Уȴûκεʱ򣬾ѧԺͨǣҲǱ޳Īȫûа취
˵ˣҸˡ
ҧȫֵԼһΡ
Ȼʮöô䣬һ̸ܿˡ
һط
һ׼׵ˡ
һЩ֮ɫ
ʱúܿ죬ת۾͵һ죬˴ʢȫֱ
ɽΧ֮ڣֻҪ磬ҲԹۿһʢ


1624 ٲ
ΪѧԺԺȴǲδϯλ
Ѿ¶ˡ
ѧԺҲΪѧԺǰ֤һС
أǶǼޱȡ
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ΧȴǴ˴Ц
СܣҪܳΪ࣬ǶܳΪˡѧУ֮Уѧ˳ɼ治֪žԼܳΪࡣһСкǱĵ˵ģԺܴһٸ
ܴһǧ
ܴһ
ຢ˵ޱȡ
С⻰ȴһ㶼ûȭͷ˵ô˵ԺһܳΪġ
ȻֻǸĳЦ
磬ٵ޷Ħʽһ顣
Ϊҵҵصƿˡ˸пһöǾһ죬Ľ
ĻҲǸп֡
ôҲû뵽»˳񻰴˵еĹ³ʥһ㡣
˵ѧԺôʱһСѯ
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ûжʮöô࣬ҲͷˣϾѧԺԺҲû˵Ҫȫ·ȴǸһˮתֵѧԺԺʵǿԺõ϶Ҳ£Ҿû϶Ҳбֶ˳ΪࡣԴֻҪúñ֣ΪķչеĹףѱлᡣ
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ڣѧԺĴʦΪҽ䡣˵ʦе˶˽⣬Ҿͼ򵥵ĸҽһ¡ʦѧԺвʦԺڵʱʹԺ֮ⲻò˵ǣʦĵһϵͳ˧ֽƶȶʦⶨġ
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Ѿֳ棬Ҳûʲôŵģ֯һԾͻ֪ѧԺٷ֮ʮѧ϶Ե˵ΪеΪѧԺṩôԴѧԺĻԻ͡ԺҲиڴˣŴóһЩرҲʮö񡣡
˶ʱԭѧԺҪмǡ
ֻµȴˣЦǺǵģȴ̲סҪ˵һ䡮ǺŪء˭øл˭
ȻԺҲҸߴңʮö񲢲ǽֻһʼԺΪ˾޴׵ˣл츳ã߶ôԣһĺûᡣۼȻҲǵɡ
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뿪̫ˣ־ѾǣʱǶ֡Ƥѷҧ
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Ƥѷ٣Ȼǡ
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֪ʲôƤѷ˵ӣЦǳΪĻᣬЩΪʲôΪѰͻƵླĻᣬڻˣһʮö񣬾ȻһöûиǡҲΪķչƾʲôֻΪǲǵ࣬ǿЦȻѧԺǣǾԼ
סˡ
ŵĿƤѷΪķչǳһǵ㸶ֵһö̫ҪˣǾΪ࣬ΪԼ̰
αװҴƤѷһ㶼ա
˿Ѿ⣺֪־ѾǣʦλҲǡҪˣУǻٵǾʲôûˡ
˵ţȻв
ô׻ٵôǲɵʱһȻǹԹԵİ񽻳ҿԸһ·
ٲ
ƤѷֻоԴ˵ģһȻá
ʱˡ
û£ǻٲô˵һö˳ôھͰЩˡһͰԼȫ̽˶ӡ
һҲѧƤѷˡ
˶Ŀɿڴʮö˷ô
ֻһЦ


1625 ˭һģ
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ѧԺȻҲв࣬Щǿġ
ʵҲˣʱ֮󣬳ǵ֮ʣѧԺѾٲֵ顣ʮλ಻һǲѧԺʦѧȫڵģ
ʱȥ
˵ǳ꣬ʵʮ֮ʮѾȫںϡ
ÿһںϳɹ䶯һʱ
˶ںϳɹˣ
ѧԺ֮Уǵѯʵû뵽ĻҪ˳ֻꡣ
һţҲǾò˼顣
ǲϣǲôģѵǵ츳
ҪϹ룬Ӧú汾Դıйء汾ԴڶĿԽԽںʱķҲԽԽס룬һΪԭ򣬡ϸ۲Ļִᷢʮ֮ǰͿʼˣȽԵһǳΪ۾ˣȷһȷҲˡ
˵ţԼϳһͳϡ
ģɼһǧİݡ˵ţϵݸۣӰǰһʮ꣬ÿһʮ棬ÿͻƵ۾࣬ȷҲࡣһʮ꣬Ƿ
ϸЩ
ԤУõʱҲһʱҪˡ
˵ˣʮں֮󣬶ʲôûбȽģЩѯϣһЩȽϡеķԼҲоһ¡
ǧÿһַоĶ
ڣյķ֮Ѿﵽһǧ֡
ʮ˶ȷ򣬰˸ȷ򡣲Ҫ˵Ƚķ˻õһַǺ⣬ַż򣬾Ȼ԰Ѫżۻ˵ţ⵹뺣ͯȤʵ񣬲ò˵档
Ҳǰզ࣬Ȼַ
ַȷ⣬û˵ֻǸԼġ
ɣһˣѧԺְΣʱѧԺԸһЩηѡ룬Ūǰʱúоһżô¡
Ŀǰյһǧַ棬ûַ
ΪʲôֱƸΪѧԺʦ룬ѯʵ
֪Ƕ˵żܸȤƸΪѧԺʦȻһݵķ
Ҷ϶Ҳ֮á
Ҹոոʮ˵ʱҪһʱ֪жҪˡȴЦְһ¿ξˣ˵»õʦʲôǼ֤־ͽʦˡ
ۿЦãԺڹעһЩʲô
Ȼö˵
ѧԺְˣǴ˲һ꣬żͱȫ
ʮһ졣
յһϢѧԺ֮еĲ˶һһöһöλ񼶱Ĳ
˭һģ
ͣĹܺĸѧھòͻˡ
ѧһϽĶûС

˵ЩţɷԺΪɵĻʵǿ󡣿ȴһѵôȲͻô
üͷû뵽
˼һ£ѯʵҲöԼһģǸĸ÷
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÷츳ãΪ࣬Ҳûпܡ
ȴҡҡͷҵˣ÷ûںһöǸġϧҲ뿪ѧԺȻҪúõǧ;Իǰ̲źá
ЩɼȽѧ۵ʦܹע
һһǣ;
ûôɵ
ȴҡҡͷںĺʲô
Ϊһȷ򣬼ֲͻƵ۾磬һȷˣûе;ϡ
ֻҪ񵽵ʲô
ˣʩչͨڸʲôȻ֪ôЩģҪ̽һʲô⻹һͨ̽ѧ˽
ʱ򲻾Щڴ
Ӧ̽飡
˵ţһɢȥ˿ռʧ١
ʶʱһصĵط
һص磬һֱСʮž޴ǳҫۡ
˵ǣһ֮жޱϡٵգ

ǿѾޱȣȥһдŴ칬Ĺߡ


1626 Ƹڶ
칬
΢΢һ֪žǽˡ
ʶ빬һˡ

˿̵ҶӰҴѧԺһر֮Ϊں֮ǸոҲһ죬Ϊ߸ϵĲ顣Ҵںö񣬳ɾͲࡣ
쾳Լֲ
ڵ쾳ʮķչѾ߼ǿߡ
⻹
Ҫ̣ԼЩܵȫù⣬һһö
ȻѡҶӰһޱҳϵ¡
񣬳ΪԼ֡
л裡
ҶӰ֣ǹ
Ϊ֮࣬ǰ붼顣
ػں񡣡
˻֣˹
ˣ
˵ϧֻһ߿ܣȻȫѡں
ˡ
뿪˹
ԼҪԷӳԲսĿԺҶӰ˶ģҲȫûа취
¡
Ѿ֮ˡ
˵ȫǱ
Ҷӿ汾ԴӦɽ񹬵ļλ֮⣬ЯҶӣǴҶӻղѧԺĲֿ֮СΣĸϵ뵽Ԫȡ֦ڵ磬ӶʮȻĹʵ˵Ķߴﵽ˲ླ֮Сǧ硢ǧ硢ǧһֱ漶ǲǵ֮ԴĹʵһСǧ磬ں֮Ϊ
һСĺܣԶûܴﵽܽʵĵز
ȥʹΧĿռŤӶԳһ硣ʱ쾳ͻΪһԪվ£Щ
ʱ쾳룬ȫ͵Աˡ
ǵʶʱ˳
Ѿûٹ۲ıҪˣ쾳һУѾ˽⡣
Ժôˣ
ѯʵǵɫЩԣֱ𾪵ĸо
ԺʲôȻֱ顣
ûʲô飬ûں㲻õˡǻ˵ûаʵۣ¾ˣҲٹע
۵˵ͷ²⡣
ǼȻ˵ˣҲ׷ʡ
µһ죬ǼǵýƸʱ䣬ҲϵͳηƸ֪ͨˡ
һΪնûпƸڣһβ֪ô
ϵͳһжٵǿӦƸ
ѯʵǺܹģǧҪ߶ղ룬ȻƸֻˡ
ʵϸѯʹϵͳҲ֪Ϊʲôô١
Ϊ˵Ƹʵÿϵͳֻ֪ͨһλǿߣƽÿһ
һ棬ҪȥһЩѧԺƸϢģʣҲ͸ˡ
һλǿӦƸԿԻڡ
ϵͳ˵һǺãҰԵʦϿʼԡ
ϵͳȻû
εʦӵλ¼Աһλ
ɽۡ桢޼ɡԼǳ
¼Աǲźˡ
ټʱǨĸоôҿΪѾﵽ˽ļĻԪɣҲ൱²ˡ
˵ͷڵĴԭöˡ
ðɣܼˣе㱻룬׷ʵ̫ǿֵĻҾֻܶ㵽ѧԺˡĿǰĻһ벻ķۡ
׷֣൱
˵ڶ׷Ķ֡
׷ûа취
Դǹ⻷ҲֻһС׷ԸĿ΢΢
ֻҪȵͣʱ׷Ҳû취
ЩԺ˵ȿʼԡ룬ѧԺڶεƸһλӦƸǿߣҵĴ㣬¼ȡ
ȸλʦһкиס
ˣʽʼԡ
˵ţͨϵͳʼһλӦƸߡ
ֻǰһ׹ǰһŹŴ·İŮӣǣòڡ
һѧԺͺĿ˿ΧѧԺô˵Ƹʦ
۵˵ͷһŮΪȻﵽ˽弶ĻԪ̫ҽɡ
ŮӺǿ
ǺɽȼλʦҲǰͷΪȫʸˡ
ѧԺƸ־ΪһʦǿߣѧԺμӦƸ۵˵ţӦƸ̣ӦҲ֪ˣһԣͨѧԺǩԼΪѧԺʦ
Ůӵ˵ͷЩʱ֪ˡ
ûκ⣬ʼ԰ɡ
˵ţΪ׼ϣƽ
Ҳ·ѾڵǺãȼ򵥵һҽܣ仰У̵㡣
ڼ˿ɶŮӵݺܺ档
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Ǽȴ𾪲ѣΪŮӾȻŵ
볤磬ײŵһҲ˺Щ¡
˵ŵǳһޱȹؼ
ãŵС㡣
ɽڵŵǺصģӭμѧԺԣ˽Ǹ磬˵ʵǸı֣ȫԽѧԺ
Ҳǰͷŵȷʵʸ
ǰǵɡ
ŵȴǵƾԼʵѧԺְ
üλʦøд
޼룺һɣԺڿι֮УѧǵƤ裬ô죿
⻹ϬȻѧԺѧŵȴ֪
ӵĿʱ䡣
ź˵ŵҪżش
ŵ˵ͷ֮ѯʵҿɲһ£Ͷѧ
ѾˣеĶѾˡ
޼ɵ˵ţģǲСӡ
ŵǣЦЦ
⻰ŵѾ˴𰸣ЩѧһὨѧԺȻѾСӣӦһΪʦΪĵʦһǵ¶ûУʲôгҲǻҲ
ϬĻشüλʦûзӦ
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λʦҲǰͷѧԺĿǰȷʵģʼʸͰѵпڡ
һ⣬ŵʦûԸѧԺְʵ
ҪƸһֱȫְʦǿ϶ġ
ŵѾȫҪһʵҲֻΪο
ԡ
ŵ˵ʱѾ׼
Ǻãŵʦڰ칫ҵȺ򣬵ԽǻԽ˵˴ŵȥˡ
ǵڶλߡ
ǹͨϵͳʼǣλߡ
ǰϤһ׹ֻǰһԴۼ׵ˡ
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ʲô֣޼룬ȴȿڣϸоһϤϢƺһԵʦ֮иܵ
ˣʹ塣
ǺɽҲоˣʹߵͬһֽ·
ǳѧԺеġ
٣Ů˵ʲôġ˵ţЩԺģǾʲôѧԺĻ쵰ɣҹԵģŮҸǴһ仰
⻰λʦǺ治ѡ
ŮӦǾĪˡ
ŶŮҪǴʲôۺѯʵҲѧԺְֻ˵Ǹˣֻܵ´Ρ
ûյѧԺƸ֪ͨԼ޷ѧԺġ
ĪӦþûյ֪ͨٿ϶ѧԺƸϢ
ҡҡͷȻѧĪȵӵŮҪҴǵĻǡȺ̳أʹǸСҴңҵģȻҪѧԺ
ͻȻˡ
ǡɽ޼ɡһĶɵˡ
ȿȣĪҪѧԺ
ۻ˵ƺЩţĪǸ֪֮ʵж󡣡
ʦҲǵͷ
ʱˣǾͲҪֳѧԺˡҼǵϴ˵Ҫ͸ʹһԭţɶױԴɣ֮ʹ
⻰ۼٴθܵԺĸڡ
ȴЩ˿ٵҲӦƸģ֪ͨһºʳüӲͣ⡣
һ飬ʲô⣿
ⲻҪô


1627 Ҳ֪
ŻˣȻЩҲɵ
ȥ
ֻҪܳȥͰȫˣ֪ѧԺǳȥҲûá
˵ҲѧԺҴܡ
ȥģ
һУΧͳһռסж˰ȥտɡ
Żˣַȫûá
ȵȣȵȵȡ
ﺰֻǴģܿҰ
ǵôᣬǱѾҪ׽ˡ
𣬱𰡣
ĶˣѾ뵽ԼڿϵΣˣԵģԵġ
ǣƱ
ԣ
ǿ˿٣վ㵱Ұ׳أȥ
˵˰ȥ
ʱǵȥ֪֮ͨһԭҪоһ³ѧԺʽôҸһܺõоһȣβҲУоҪҪ
ǡ
ۻ⣬ǵ˼
ٹǺıȥоԼ군ˡ
λ߰ɡ
ǷƵ˵ţԱߵļλʦŷӦ
ԺĸڣȻûеߡ
ٴιͨϵͳһ׹ǰһŮӡ
Ůףӣ·̣ٲĳѩ׷۵ļͬѩһ£޳εۣ֮ã磬绪ˮΪΪǡһʤѩΧϼƣȾһ㵭ʥԣھӡ
Ǽ˶һһŮӣ
Ů
С㣬ӭμѧԺƸԣǽԹ٣ܲͨԣǾۻ˵ţûбŮӵòԻ󣬡ڵĻһ򵥵ҽܡ
˵ţЦݡ
ŮӵΪǺ𾪵ģΪŮӾȻҲﵽ˽弶ĻԪ̫ҽɾ硣
ҽܣ
Ůӿ˿ǵˣ˵ͷҽ̨诣Ĺ磬߾Ů֮һ̨ʥأʹΪʢ֮һҲаʥʦħаӡգΪ볽ϡ
˵ͣ
ҵҽܾô࣬Ǹ
˵ţЩǿҺѧԺν̣һᡣ
üͷԾĿǡ
̨һУ˼֪Ҳû˵ıҪ
ѧԺ˱׼Ȼһᡣǵ˵ţ̨֪诲һŮˣĹ綼˵ž޵ǸھͿʼʽ԰ɣʦȽһѧԺ
á
Ӧ
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ӵĿʱ䡣
ź˵֮޷شǻΪܾش⡣
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ԭܼ򵥣ҲĹǸ硣
˵ţ鵭ȻҪ뿪Ǹ磬ǸһҲûйϵˡյѧԺʱѡ˴ӦʱֻΪѧԺƸԼĻû뵽ȴġұҲ֪ģǿ϶Ѿԭˡ
⻰λʦס
ѧԺȷʵǵ硣ʱ򻺻ڣ̨ΪʲôҪѧԺӦƸΪӱܣӱ˭ӱʲôѾԶһֱѧԺǱͨεԣȻǻԼԭ硣
̨诵ͷȻᾡ
һ⣬ѾѧԺְѧԺѧļⲻͬ磬ķ㣬ôʱ򻺻ڣ÷޼۾һΪϴ⼸ǲıϡ
̨ס
˼ӣڣҾѧвͬǺ£ʦʲôʲôǷʲôѧԣҼⲻͬѧԸǹͬѧϰͬȻǿ绹ãǿϵĻһὨκۣһȥ
شüλʦ۾һ
⾹ȻִѧĴ취һޣȻõĻش𣬵ҲϼѵĴˡ
̨诵ô뵽Щ𰸣˵ǻ۳˿һ㶼١
濴û˿ڣЦЦҲһɣʲô
Ҳһϴ⡣
ÿ˶Լص⣬ҲͶֶ
еΪ˱ǿеΪ˱еΪ˱Լļѡ
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˼˺ܾãһ𰸣ǰҾԼΪ˱ǿҲ֪ˡ˭ܸңΪʲô
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ԡ
ǴߴλߣһԼ
ߣô
ָָԼȻ뵽ʲô˷ܵҾԳΪѧԺʦġҽ̫ǣҵļԭҵŵ̸ߡֹۡš۰źͶӡǿ䡢ȫͨһһ⡢мƻˡšѧоƴֲи۲ӡ۲־ǿǡĬЦóƶᡭҵȱǡŶûȱ㡣
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⻰ɵۡ
Ժɶ˼Ҫ˰ɡ
Ҹոѯһ£ٵβͱԭ˭֪ٱβ֮Ͳ·ˣԭָװһеβͣK6Ͻ죬Ӳȿи򡣡˵
ǿЦá
빵ͨϵͳ˵ϵͳôѻ̫ǸŪˣǿߣ
ϵͳƺ֪ǻѯʡ
̫ǣǸ磬ǿߡϵͳ˵š
ⲻǷϻôǸϲǾǵȻǿˡ
ǣûгԹÿ׷ܡ
㲻ҪС̫ǣһңǸ磬ĸͷɴˡһЩС඼Υ汾Դģоֵϵͳ˵š
̫ǵķ
һ뵽ǸèóҲޱȡ
뵽ЩǺࡣ
Щͼλʦ˵һ飬λʦһʱҲԻ̫ǳ˺档
ֻ֪̫ǾȻһͯĶƬʵЩЦá
̫ǣҾֱӵˡѧԺҲȥСѧһڷѡ޿Ρ֪нʲôҪ󣬻ûб
֪ˣ¼Ǹ٣̫ǼǱеġ
ǻʲô˵ģԾʹֱ㡣
Ҫ
ֵָֻ̫ͷһ֣ص˵š
Ҫʮʲô˵Щ档
ǰ˸̫ǣʮָǺãÿ°ͷ򣬳ɽ
ͷ򣿡̫ס
٣ǳ˼ɵúãԺרŸ㻮һ򡣡
棡̫Ѿ棬ڿԳô


1628 
۰ѽλ߶˹
ŵ٣̨诣̫ǡ
˻ãֻץǺϽβͣһüӡ
ô£һѧԺû˲˵ǺòסˣԼȴһ
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˱¼ȡˣˢȻ
˭һͲӦƸġ
һλŵϲ㱻ѧԺ¼ȡˣ
ۻ˵ţԺѧԺʦϣȰҵ
ŵͷϺƽ
ڶλ̨诣ϲ㡣
ۼ˵š
Ǳߵɽʦ΢΢ףȽϿ̨诣Ժĵá
λ̫ǣҲϲ㣡
ЩԸ˵ţԺ˵˻̫ǵŵ㣬һһˢˡ
һǣ֪ĻΪ˭ĳʵ̫Ӱʦˡ
Ҳ¼ȡˡ
̫˷ޱȣʲôʱԳҪատ
ĻǶˡ
Ϣ
٣Իȥˡ
ۻȻǣ˼ǰǲͻԼ硣
ǵͷ˿٣βŻðɣ
ãã
ѧˣ˵á
þͺãȥŮ´ٸ˵Եץ֪ʲôռ־塣
ǵвһ顣
Żˡ
ȥɣ
һӣһ׹ǣپͰˡ
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תۣһȥ
εƸûдﵽҲ׼ϰˡ
һ죬ܺãġ
Ժڿʲô
Աߣ̨Щֵ
ڵ̨说һִ˵·糤ԵúƯ
汾Դ򡣡
ǵ˵ţѾ￴һˣƺڵȴʲǫ̂ʦôϲѧԺɣ
̨诵˵ͷ
ѧԺ֮Լ
ÿѧоȻûεʱѧŵһȥ֡ӰȺȿȣȥһЩİȸ٣ʵ̫ˡ
һУƺĹ鶼û˹ϵ
ҺϲѧԺķΧ
ϵ˵ţԺ˵˵ڿ汾Դôʲô
ȽϸȤΪǸ磬Ҫ汾Դƺȫһֶ
ľ̫ˡ
Ǻ˵ţ˵粻Ϊ磬ʵǶ汾Դ̶ȡ
ֻеһ磬ܷ汾Դݡ
ԺԸ˵һ汾Դ򵽵ôˣܸоƺܲȶЩ졣̨˵һԼķ֣ҿԺۣԺһܲȶǾ˴ˣǰ˵ȴ󺣣ķӦúѳֲǡ
ǵͷû뵽̨读Լ
˵Ĳ汾ԴתϵͳΪľάƽתһ£ȶϵͳܵӰ죬ˡ磬ǳܵӰ죬ȻҲͲȶˡǽ͵ʵӺ֮ǰ汾ԴӦþͿʼˣֻƺҪﵽĳ׶Ρ
̨ס̲סʵʲô׶Σ
ǳ˼һ£ûмŻش
ü֮Ż汾ԴҿҲһҪάֲסˣҪʽ׶Ρ
䣡
̨סǲǴŻ汾Դɢ
һӾץס˹ؼ
ǿ˿̨诣ĵ˵ͷ
֪ɣСɢС汾Դγһ죬ΪࡣıԴ䣬ıԴǺεȵǿ󣬵ʱ֪ö˳档汾Դͬʱζ汾ԴһʧȥƿأʱĹҪд
˵֮صõʱҲʱѾˡ
̨诳Ĭˣʵкܶ޷ĵط
㻹֪ʲôʰɣ
ЦЦѧԺʦʲô
˵ҲĹ״̨诲Ż˺档
á
̨诵˵ͷԺܸ˵˵õʱʲô˼ʱʲô˼
һ㶼ֱӾǷʵ
ЦЦ˵ΪʲôõʱǸ˵°֮Ҫ죬˵˾ǲ뱻ƿءҲһ汾Դ֮󣬾ҲûסߵĶˣʱñڿܶ࣬ͻҲףؼ񾳽ĴܣлȥѰҵ

ԣ棬ƣΪĴڣҲ
ǵ˵ţޱȿ϶õʱ޵Ŀܡ
̨һЩˡ
ʱȷʵõʱԣ˿Ϊ˵ȴ˺ܾá
˵ʱΪ汾Դ֮һ״̬ʱû˭ܿ϶ԼһԻȥЩòģôڵģͳͳ⻹һ鲼棬پӣΪѡ˵Щ
̨诵Ѿȫˡ
ǿգԼѧԺûô򵥡
˿̵֮УϵĴҲڹע޾ռ֮汾Դ
һ¡
һ֮󣬺Ȼһ£ĴԪҲǳƫƣĲоؿޱѹ֣ƺʲôؿںݺһ¡
ͨȴǸоʱͻȻͣһ룬Ȼָ
վɽȴѾһС
汾Դ׶ΣƵ汾ԴɢЩЩԪ磬Щߺ档
кܴһɢ䵽֮⣬Ȼܿʧˡ
ǾȻ׽
һˡ
ţ˿ܿһŵ汾ԴȻ䵽ɽ
Ҳˡ
汾Դ䵽ɽ֮Ҳ֪䵽
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ʮλɾʦߣҲо䡣
ǵ˵ͷ޷ֻ汾ԴڵһЩԴ±˻ˣҲʲôˡ
һʦ⻰԰
ǲҪʲô
ɽ룬ȴǵЩɢ汾ԴѧԺѧںˣ϶ʵ
ﲻ֪ɽ˼
ֻǣȴҡҡͷѧȥѰЩɢıԴҲԣҲ֧֡
Ϊʲô
ɽ⣬˵ѰҵЩԴǿʵǺô
Ϊʲô֧֣
ûΪʲôΪҲ˵á
룬Щأˣɣȥѧһ£һҲ޷ƿء
ѧԺ֮УѧǺܿյϢ
飬Ǹ뷨
ھϵһǧϵĵطһϵӴϵ
ϵ֮һĴ
ոĹһҪԼĹλôԼĴǧ
ȴܲ
ϼһﾹȻûаλôңҲĻӡ
ŭޱȡ
Լܲƽ֮ǰŵԺλһᴫ
˭֪ȴǴǧ
ӣǶƭˣ˵ѹλӴ㣬ʵɾ衣һӻ˵ʵĻر߽ͳϽ֮һľӣǹλô㣬ҲǿһġڣǵıȨϢĸ˲˵뿪ѡ
⻰ɫѿ
֪ˣͲûģȫԼ뵽Σյľء
ʱΧĿռȻ˱仯
ã˭
֣Ŀܡ
ԱߵҲһӣﾳǿ߸ɵġ
ɫѿĹʹﾳǿߵģҲֻǼ˰ɡ
ӣ㲻ûġ
ʱһ뵱ǲܵ顣ӵĸɽ̼壬ɽ̼һλ߽׵ĵ۾ô
ѭˣǾȻʮ֮һֻԼʵ
ԣ
˵ţ˵Ӱӣȥ
أȴֱӱɱӵһ̴ؿڡ
󲻸ĵĵȥ֪˻ɱǴûջԼĸʳ֡
ޣʲôá
һУӰʧ
ɾʱһŰ׹ƿռ뵽ؿڣҪɢȴ־ۺ
汾Դ򡣡
˵ţվؿڵ˿Ҳۿɼٶˡ


1629 ޱ
ڸոգѾһС
ǷĶȻɢһıԴҲǹ۲ɽ汾Դ֮һ
ߵһɫ
֪ڲǻȥʱһطںһ汾Դ
ӰһѾʧ
û֪ô뿪ģѾΪһ塣
תۣѾʮ֮
ʮ棬֮з¡
ñȣһЩλǷ֣ǿԴ߶ˣ汾Դȴǲǿưǣȥ
ñȣ֮ǰŨ࣬еĵط˼
ñȣ֮еλûƵ뿪ˡ
ñȣЩ˷ԼٶȱֱеƺҲʧˡ
ñȣһЩͻƵ۾ǲླߣȴǹͻˡ

̫Ĳһˡ
ɽǿ޾ռ֮汾Դֹͣ䡣
ֻ֪ʱġ
ӵķȥǱһӵӣȴǳɢ
ӣڡ
ҲΪ֮еɢ֮⣬ŵ֮Ũȳ
ѧԺ֮УͻƵɾô
ѯʵ汾ԴĿƼͻƻúףǰһһȷס޷ͻƵɾ磬ֵȴԵЩˡ
ԺһȷҲ׾ͻơ
ҲܾһеĶ
ʱûͻơ
ۺε˵뵽һ飺ȻûͻƵɾ磬ѧԺֳһȷˣһ죬ںзתϢʮǿһҦܣ򷨹һ֮ɹˣʥںϣγһΰķ֮Ϊɷ򡣡
⻰ǵ˵ͷЩο
Ҧܺ춼ȽϿõѧ辶˳ɹҲǶǵһֿ϶ˡ
Ͳ˵ˣȥмȻˣβһտҦܣ֪֮ںʥû֮򡣡ʮֵĮ˵ţѧǵҪ͡
⻰۲֪˵ʲôá
ԺⲻҪָôΪʲôԼȥǣ
Σ̾ѡ
ڵԺ˴ΣָҲԽԽĪˡ
磬˵ٶҲûã˵ֻһͻף˵ģ˵ٶ࣬Ҳ㡣ָǣȼУǷȥ˼һ¿вУ׶Բԡ˵ϸˣǷòˣСˡǻ
զ࣬ԺȻԽԽˡ

ʧѾûйעѾˣʬ岻ʲôֵġ
ɾʱһ֪Ŀռ֮У۾
ںһ汾Դͻˡ
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ţʮֻ꣬ʮʱ䣬ҾȻͨĻ羳ߣϰͻƳΪ˲ࡣ
˷ޱȣñʱڵˡ
ڿǲ࣬˭Ķ֣ҪҲ˸Ұġ
Ӱһƿռ䣬ֱӽٵĹ
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Ǵӹλͷڵء
࣬һһλ飬Ҹܹ۵ƣûôǿ
˵ԽӵĿ϶֪λΪʲôǧҪŭС
Ļ˴Ҵˡ
ʱеӰ䵽˹֮С
һĽŲÿ˶Ƿ֪λҪʲô
Ƕʶô
ʱһϤ˶Ϊ֮ס
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Ѿȥ
㣡
ŭ˾Ȼð䲻࣬ǹ㡣
˵ţҪվץ
Ҳһŭﲻֻ֪ñˣˡ
ð䣿
ЦˣҲð䣬ΪҾǲ࣬һҪûʧȥһС
˵һֻѹȥֻһﾳ׵˫۶ϣܿƵٴιȥ
˿ȫǾޱȡ
ʣΪһǸɱĻô
ĮЦ㿴ôҷ֮䣬ɥʧеֻܹǰ
⻰亹乡
֪ô£ǰĸо̫ˡ
ʵֱ޷һޱ޼ʡ
桭˲ࣿ
ѯʵЩš
Ҳһ֪ǲġ

Įޱȵ˵ţû뵽ɣȥɱңȴҵõһĻԵֻʮһ·ͻƵ˲ླ硣
϶Ļش뵽˺ܶࡣ
֮лһЩһ죬Ϊģñ
Ӧǵõ
ʶΪ̫ˡһֱ޷һΪûвླǿ򣬿ȫԸһΰҵת
ΰҵ
⻰ЦҪһΰҵкιϵʮǰҪɱˣˣ㲻Ϊһ߽׵ĵ۾ҪǧΪһιô
˵ţһѾͰһŮץ̨ǰ
Ůӽɽ룬Ĺĸɽ̼С㡣
Сˣʲô
ɽŭޱȣ
ֱܶǵİ취򵥵Ŀ϶ɱǣҾ̫ˡ󵭵˵ţ֪һǧϵĵطһһֶûֶġӽ쿪ʼˡ
˶̲ס巢
Ҫʲô
Ѿŭϣʲôҿ㸸ס
ʲôǰȫΪ
˵ţһ㡣
һסֻ岻ϵر仯ת۾ͱһڹ
ţɽ롣
Ҳûκηձһë
ЩЦܺãԺҲйˣЩҪɱҵˣҲұɹɡ
תۣĹ
ЩûбɹˣҲŵĲ˵Ĳбǻ̿ޱȡ
󱨸ܺá
ûκ˸ҷֱӵǻΪһι
ҵĴ£ܿͻΪǿ˵ţĳȴսսģڴҵܱߵļĹݼ
Ҫʼչ֮·ȰܱߵĴȫ̲
Щ֮ûв˭ֵܵסĽŲ
ˣʮȥ
ѾչΪɽһֻһܽΪ
ǰںӴϵ
һָָͼЩǵ˵֮ǰֵʱи˵ںԱΪ𡯣˼ںӳֱϵѧԺΧﶼ޷ƽѧԺɱĶףǼƽЩϵƱػѧԺ
⻰üͷ
תЦǰĽ֣Ҳֻһλ࣬ȡҪɾһΰҵôһѾͣǰƽѧԺֻһѧԺǼȻûȷ˵ǵĽǶȡȫ
⻰ֻõͷ
ѧԺ֮УռںӴϵĵһʱ䣬Ǿ֪ˡ
󡣡
ţڶ̶ʮ֮Уӻ羳һ·˲ླ磬䵽ɽ汾ԴһžǱõˡżȻǿʵ֮һ㶼֪͵һ·ɨñֻǴһԾҪΪɽһ
Աߣ۵ȼλʦǺܺ档
Ժô
ɽѯʵ˱ʧǣײСȻںӴϵߣѧԺơҾӦʵ֪ѧԺǵġ
λʦҲǰͷ
룬ɽ˵ĲȷʵŹͷˣΪԼΪ˲֮࣬ûĶˡ
ʵҲˡ
ȻͻƵ˲ླ磬ȴûмĲࡣ
ľ绮ֶô
ֻԼǿһΪԼ֮ӣȻôںһ汾Դ
һܺõо󡣡
룬⣺ǾͲҪˣȥ󡣡


1630 ǵɱ
ô˵˶û
ڱǰûĹ֮ڣһͼ˼ʲô
һŮڹ۲
ȻҲںһ汾Դ
Ů˼Ѿĵϸ汾ԴԴɢ䡣˽һ죬Ϊ࣬ҲߡֻûоԵĺ£˷ЩԴǿԻںϵģǴΪ˱ǿҲΪԱòȥ˵ıԴΪֻǴﵽ˲ླףʵ൱ֻôɽ򣬲ŵڶû˷ں˱Դ
ŮӰϡ
Ҳ޷֤ܻɱһֱڵȴһᡣ
ɾʱȵķи˾ȻĹȥһ·ͨ衣
˶ûзĴڡ
ŮĵûзӺʱֵģȻûһĿռ䲨
ףһһ֡
һԼϢ±ˡ
ˣȻǡ
һ·˹֮УǴһ󣬵ȥռĽûʲôá
̸ʲôøУҲ̸ʲô
ֻԼĶѡ
˭
̧ͷͻȻڹǣʲôˣȻҴҵĹ
˵ţ˿Χ
û˷ǣǵĶԻû
ⲻЩ˯ˣҲǱˣѾͬһάȡ
ΪԼΪ˲֮࣬ûĶ֣޷ˡʵԼΪģɽͱɱˡǼ˵ţȫ𾪺ͷŭ㲻˵ĻôԼǿңܷҡ
˵ţЩƵĿ
ǵĻϵĳˡ
ʲôˣȥɣ
һȭǣ޴ԴݻһԪ
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䡫
һȭʵʵĴϣֻǵݡ
ˣ
УŮӿһĻҲǾޱȡ
û뵽ǿƺȴһȭӡ
Ǿʱ򣬾˵һĻˣЩȴǺȻ֮ٴξۺϣƴͼһٴƴ˻
ôܣ
һ̲ŮӶĿɿڴš
ǻзһ
ʱȴǻڣѾһȭԣ汾ԴзںϲıԴСγ񡣡
˵ţ
ǰ͸һ㣬֮ûȡ֮һűԴ
㵽ʲôˣΪʲôһȭûκε飿
ɫڲһ˿η塣
ٶ֣Ǹĸоʵ̫Īˡ
ԳƺΪԺ
룺ѧԺҴģιʵǶЩ棬ɱģΪ㻹ҳ֡汾Դҹ۲쵽汾Դɢ䵽ɽһǱõˡȻȻõһ汾ԴںϺΪ˲࣬ȴԲȱ˽⡣
󲻸ţǰ˾ȻѧԺԺ
ǲЩñڵľ磬Ҳֻǲླ׵λ񣬱˵ӣ֮һЩ򣬾кܶѹĴڡҲԼõһ汾ԴΪԼ᲻֮ӣʵ˵ѡ֮⣬ͬʱõ汾ԴûаҲмʮ򡣡
ֻ˵ѣ
оԼеĽ˲䶼ˡ
ЦЦȻȴǳһץʱ֮еһŶҪ
ʲô
󾪿֣ԼûС
ģֻҪоһ֮е汾Դ˵ţֻһŻɫ汾ԴӲĴȻ汾ԴҲһ
汾Դֲ²⣬˿̵õ֤
һ֮
һӣ汾Դٴλع壺㣬ⶫûá
оĻع飬ЩɵۣλԺȻҪ
Ҳˡ
˵ţֵ˴ںӴϵߣȻ鷳ǿɲô˵⣬Ҹһ飬ҪٹˣôʵȻܿͻᱻ˸ɱ
˵ţǿŮӵλá
Ůһֻһ뷨ˡ
ֻʱȴѾʧˣŮӶ֪뿪ġ
˿̵һһףǵĵĴ̫ˡ
˼ǵĽ飬򵥰һ飬˴ںӴϵ룬ԼҲ
ѧԺ֮Уǰһ顣
ǾڵѧԺѧͻƵɾ磬ͿԽѧˡ
ϵͳ˵ѧԺѧͻƲС
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вѧͻƵɾ硣Ҫʱһꡣʮ츳Ƭâгֵ
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˵Ϊʥɾż۷壬Ͳһͻơ
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Ͳ˵ˣںħԴǱָ㣬ֱӣʵɾֻһ
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ͻƵѶҪСϺܶࡣ
ֻôͻƣȴһ򵥵飬Ҳûʮİա
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˼뵽һ⡣
ǰһ˵鱨˽ˣոͻƵһλࡣ
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Щʲô
š
ǵ˵ͷѧԺǵǰһЩǿһ°ɡ
˵ţǰ˵Ӹˡ
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壺ʯ塣
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ǵ˵ޱ⣺Ѿ˵λ÷ǣֻҪţһÿʮһλãֱɱΪֹ
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֮ͻȻû˵Ҳһ˼
ǲһۺ󣺡ʲôôԶȥɱ˺²
˺£
Цãʲôɡ
Ҫôֻ࣬ȥɱУʱѧԺ㽱˵вƸҲȫǡǵֶɱˣʱҾΪ޷ֱѧԺͨǡ
⻰̲סһ
ʲôвô
Ժôô
˶޷ǵ⣬ǻ˵ˣҲֻűӸˡ
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˵Ժôģ
̾һԽԽ㲻Ժˣȥ˺£ѵǴѧԺ֮дѧԺ
֮ҡҡͷ϶ûô򵥣ҲҪĶ
ֱӣʲôԭɱ˵˻ʹֱ廹Ҫɶ񡣡
㣬˵ޱȵͳһ
ȷʵ
ͳˣǵһˮɽ
ΪڴѧԺ֮УԺܿ쵽κһⲢûл˶೤ʱ䡣
ǣһʮָĵҲһ֮ǡ
౻֮и׷ɱ߲ڴˣҲѪȺɱ¾
Ժλʾ˾֮С
˵ţʶɨ򣺡ҵˣūг
ǻʲôȥɱ
˵ţӰһǽ˾ǡ
֮ͻЦѣֻȥϾҪԸһλһλոͻƵλ
ʵС
ˣڵˡ
֮ͻյǱ߾˺
˿̵ĺվգūг֮еһԴӡ
˭
⻰쿴ȥüͷ
Ҳ֪Լܴ󣬲ɱһֱܵ͵Լݣֻû뵽⻹Ǳҵˡ
ֻҵˣ˵ڵ˵ˣȴһλֻ࣬ǽ۾ѡ
Ѿŭޱȡ


1631 ˺
Ӧø߸ϣʲôʱǽĵ۾Ƶġ
ʲôһĵ۾Ҳҹ˵ɱңǿЦ˵Į˵ţΪĽһΪ˲飬ԾǨκ˿ģھغúõģȴǱ㷢֣Ū˾֪ǲɱ㣬ʵ˵ȥ
˵ţ˺Ķ档
ʱ֮ͻҲ˹һ˸Χ
Ȼˡ
ЩȣûϵܶˣֻҪǲ飬Ҷһ顣
ǿ֮£ҲڿһĻ
ԭǸڶʮǰͻƵླ˴ۣȻ˾ǡ
˵˴ʮײУ򶼳һٸм׷ɱ
ʲôǴһ·Ӧͬһ֯벻࿴ֻһ֮ңʵȴ֮𡣡
һȺţǺܿûˡ
ɱ
Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ʾһ»֮ȳ˳˹ȥ
֮Ҳϡ

˸
һȭź˹ȥһɽź˹ȥɽӵޱȿֲܣѹһУһУһУΪ֮𾪣ǲ༶
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ȻӲƴйעһս˶һΪֱǷˡ
ЦһѵӲƴ
ҲôΪЦѣླǿ߿ǾһСʹԪ磬ǽСȵġӲƴôһ顣
˵ţѾײһ
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˺ʮɫѿôȻҲ¡
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źѾ˾衣
սˣҲһԼ۾
ǿʲôһλ۾Ȼһλླλƽɫ
ȻֻǸողͻ˶ʮĲλ񣬿Ҳ̫ˡ
֮еЩš֮ӣ˭ڴ۾벻࿹⡣
֪ĸľţ𾪡˻˵Ѿ²ǲЩ֮оΪҲֻĵط콾
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巢˱仯ֱӻΪһﳤ̫

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Լɵˣû뵽Լ鼱֮£Ȼκ̫ת
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˶ʱ͸о̶ȫסˡ
ⷨǺ鱦߱𴱣Ǵ͸֮ģҲص֮һ
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֮סˣ漴һն˵״ݻ١
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һܺõĿˣȻҪȴǿһλϣǽĿꡣ
˵ţһ鱨ȥ


1632 ᧿Σ
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¼һ޵ӣҲһλʮ֮ˡ
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ūó׾ۼƸҲѪȵһóס֮ǱûзչΪЩūӶϣӶ嶼ץԴˣǵڵĺūó׻ҪҾ御Ҳǻ˵
ѧԺǼַоġ
ѧԺĹƶ֮УᱻѧԺֱӿūóǰʮ֮еġ
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ѾԵЩͣϴα̫ɹ֪ԼҪͻƣҪսУ˿ȻǵһӦ޵ǰͻƵĲླ磬Ҳͱǿһ㣬ɱ̫ѡ
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ܴ߶ɱ
еģΪʲôܴ߶ǡŻ֮᧿Σ궼ڲ
ȥɣ
˹˼һٴն֮һ޷Ԯ

ʱһҪǿĳ˶òһˡ


1633 һɾѧ
Ѫѣ
һ̺Ծһɱ䣬ԼЩʼϲ
Ӵʲͨ࣬Ǹ߸ϣ浮֮ʹڵ̫
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̫һ㣬ÿ˶һ޶ģζı䲻˵ġ
ԺӵдǻۺʹĻﵽ߳Խ̫ǲܡ
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̧ͷȥ̫ʮﳤһھͳҧ˹
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ѧԺһͻƵԪģһεͻƵ춨·
ٴͻƣ֤ѡûд
֮ͻЩĽʥɿֻһ֮ңʵ֮
Ϊ˽ɵĺԺǴѧѧǴѧˡ
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ɱ˺ԴǺǵġ
ǵŮˣ֪ԼԵʲôΰĴڡߵһԵ֮ͻǸոͻƣװôɣ㿴ǿվ޵Ŀֲֵ͵µġ
˵ţ˹˼˹ȥ
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һĻ֮ͻϳ鴤˵ǿվ޵Ŀֲ
۰
ԵԼոմţô
ԼҲЩ±ƣŵĿ˹˼ôܿҵĿռΣӦòռ䷨򡣿㻹صĵûб¶ʲôոҳֵһ˲䣬۾ıۣЩѧԺİۡΪ۾䣬ŷңǲǣ
⻰˹˼ס
û뵽۲ôϸһ۾Ϳغܾõܡ
۾ȷ򵥣Ϊ˫۾˺ܶΣգɱԼǿĵˡ
۾
֮üͷ֮ҲصۣÿһֶһЩ˹˼ӵһ˫۾
Ҳǰͷǰ˹˼ﲻżȻ
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˹˼һȴһ鶼ûУ̫Ѿһɵ壬ӲһױԴ
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˹˼Ȼӵһ˫ۣȻԿռ䷨
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֤ԼĲ²⣬Բأͳ˹˼һҧ˹ȥ
źϣռ顣
˹˼ֻоһڶƵҪˡ
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ѣոͻƵླ̫ȻѾλ
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֮˷߱𴱣
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ԱСǧ߱𴱣ʱ³һӱⱦһֳŶ𻨣žһ¾ʹϡ
ⱦȻǺ鱦ԪߣҲ͡
˹˼ϵķֱ֣ӱ߻أ궼ɢˡ
ɱ
ʱһǡֵն˹һӾͰն롣
Сǧ磬Сǧ硣

˹˼ʱڻת˹˿Լڵ֪Լˡ
ȥɣ
˹˼һҪ׻ɱˡ
˹˼˫ȴһ⣬⳯źȥһӾͶ˺սĺڶ
ۣ
һҽУŭޱȡ
Ҳ֪ʲôո׶˹ȥƶܰĨɱ
Ӧ֮˹˼ȥŮȴ˿ռӿռߡ
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˵ţһͷ˽ȥ
֮ͻ˿Ҳ֪˵ʲôãһսǺͻƣ׶༪١
İɣڱ̫ǿռףһˣɥȮһ˹˼Ӳ֮룬ȻѧԺͻƵɾ磬ƻдĽ
⻰֮ҲЩĽ
һͻƵɾѧѧԺĽԺܾˣɱȵһͻƵɾѧ塣
ϾɾŴѧɾֻŸ


1634 Ŀ
Ӱһʧˡ
ǻصѧԺһսǡ
Ժ칫֮ڣ֮󣬵˵ͷȥɱ˹˼ѾϵǲĶ֣ΪľѹǵǱ˿ͻƾ硣ںɹͻƣҵǿеġȺһһݷͻƽҲҪŬˡ
⻰֮ͻоѹС
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ԼѧԺͼѡһŹԼһ
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ԼĿǰҲֻвǧ㣬һ¾൱ʲ屶
츳ƬҲһں츳ѾﵽϵҪԼ츳򼶣Ҫ츳Ƭ
ȻѧԺõġ
һ츳ƬҪѽ㣬ȴȫʡ
ѧԺͼѡһŹúʵ
ѧԺԴ˴ν˵
ͻƵɾѧԺбһǧĽǰǸûгֹġ
⣬ͻƵĵڶλһֱھλɾѧȻܷ
౾û뷨ĸвѧ˿̶Ķˡ
ǺͻƵķ֪˭ɢ˳ȥһЩ˷׷Ч¡
Ǵ֮Լ֮½Сӣ׷ҪһЩЩ񼫵Ĳ鱨רȥɱ
ʱȥ
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˷֮ͻƣûôԼĴ㡣
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ΪҪڶһȷѾˡ
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˵ǰһ򣬶ıɱᱻϣοǰǧ
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ȻҲԼˣûһԼ١
壬֮УڶĴڡһСɣླľ壬ЩСѾԳ硣ɫͬ籾߳һȷ򣬻ӵǿվѪǾĶ֡
ȻҲһȷǳ򣬿ľֻǽ
ӣΪǲླһ׵λ񾳽磬սȴܿȱ治ླ׵λ
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ûλ񣬵Ļǵһ
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ռ֮ڳܲס鿪ˡ
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ЦȻ뿪һʱ׷ȥ硣
ֻǴۣһȷǳٶҲǱȲأܿͱ׷ˡ

شһһٴն˹ȥ
һȫǴ׷ȥģȴࡣ
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˳ȥؿڵһնѺۡ
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ȻûҪɱ㣬ɡ
ٴγ֣һɱٲκεĻᡣ
ɾʱȴΪǿֻ߶ʮڹ֮ڵǳ޾ˡ
Χγһǳ
ʲô
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ȴЦ
ǿ磡
˵ţǰǳȻ䣬ǲһ򣬶һһ㡣
УЩǲƿĲһ
ã
ʶ˲ԣԲǵǳ򣬻編Ȼһȷ򡣡
ǿ֮£оǿķ֮
ںγɵΰУһʱȻѲ
𾪣ǻ̿֡
ǺεţȻһһȷ֮󣬲ͻƵླ磬ȥڶһȷ
̫ˡ
˿ǴϲѣһСǿ硯˵Щвľˡ
漴һȷǳּһ編ںѹһλ
֪Ҳֻѹһʱ
Ļᡣ
żæǳȻһֱָżضȥ
Ǻһָǿһ
еһָ֮ϣԴ͸Сǧһϵ
ǼرҪ϶Ǳɡ
ǾһָΪĹҪԴʱоΣƵģȻĻһͷ
һָǾƫ˼صҪֻǴҲİٵˣ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ

ظʹ
һλȻɱоܴܵ衣
䣡
ǿ磬һǿĵ
ã
оΣգֻо궼ˡ
ǿ֮ţס
ϵķҲǳ
һѪ³оûˡ
ӣ
˿޾ĿռΣأҲֻȥ
ΨһĻᡣ
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׷ȥʱȴٴεһָ뵽ոһָĿֲľҪ㿪
Ǻܿͷˣһָȫװģ
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ף
ſռ֮ǾϵЩȣƬɽ֮Ȼоϵɽ湹һĿռ䣬˵ĻߣҲ޷ӳƬɽĿռ䷶Χ
Ҳ˵ɽ֮С


1635 ͻ
ʵҲˡ
ռ֮ͷɽȻԳһ壬޷ӿռӳɽĿռ䷶Χ
𾪣ǽռҲᷢ
Σˡ
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޷ӳȥǿ϶ᱻҵֻʱ⡣
ڿռ֮УҲ̫ʱ䣬޷ҳΣգ뿪
һ֮ƿռˡ
²ģɽķΧ֮ڣֻǲԭĵطˡ
Ρ
Ѿоɽһʶ֣˵ȻǸأ춯϶ᱻ֡
ֻм϶
ΧϢ󷨣΢ġ
Ҳ֪ȻǼһֱҲȻᷭɽʱǻᷢ쳣
ھɽӼʮ꣬ҵʱѾǼʮ֮ˡ
Ҳ˵⼸ʮ棬ҪӵпԿصʵ
ϸ˼֮󣬷ַֻ
һװ編۳ʱ編ǳںγɵġǳ硯һ԰ѼظסĻ˵ɱ˼أԱǲġ
ֻǣѾʮ꣬編Ȼ޷
ʮ編򣬾͸ˡ
һɵİնûУǵʱ򲻳編Ǿıˡ
ֱԼģ˾ٲ³
ڶ취編򣬰ķͻϡ
ֻҪͻƵɾ磬ټһȷǿҲԿء
׶ˣѾͻƵɾ磬ֻΪ˲ڶһȷԲһֱٳٲͻơĺ編򣬻ͻƵླ磬񣬱ȻųԺ޷۳編пܡ
ܴܿţʮŬһ
Ϊ˱ڱѡڶ취Ҳ׵İ취
ûˣٶһȷû塣
һ˲䣬˾
״̬ʼͻƽɾ硣
һ̣編Ǳһ㣬е˼ǳ֮ϡ
ǱߣػѰ
ѾһˣȴǷʧһ㡣
ɽԳһ磬ɽĿռ䷶Χӳҵʶس˼ţѾʶ̲һɽ϶ɽ֮Уֻǲ֪ʲôҵʶ
ز뵽ΨһĿܡ
˵ѧԺһſγ̽󷨿Σ󷨾ͿʵܣϢмһӹҵʶ鿴˵Լ󷨡ضԼѧԺǺ˽ġ
Щܿ˶Բߡ
󷨣ϢֶΣʵһ֮ʶ޷ѰҵһŲ飬ȻҵеĲ֮ͬ
Ҳ֮С
ʱȥת۾ʮꡣ
һ㶼ż֮ҵҲһһ顣
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ͻƵɾ磬еһж˳ޱȡ
֮УǳҪγһŽƵģȴ
˶еģѧԺ֮г֮Ϊ𵤡
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ʹãһʹõĻȻı仯ʱ϶ᾪء
ڣȴǲò
ΪĲʯͲྦྷһЩʯȫùˡ
ؼĻһ㣬ɹȻҲˣɹԼȴûγϵһγϵ˸Ӧƿɹ
ʱ򣬲ͻƵɾ硣
ʱһ־ڵƬ
ʱ򡣡
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ҵˡ
ЦҾ֪ӲҵġĻҪǰϢˣһѰĲ֮϶һ궼زסΪ˶еĽ˶ʮѰ㣬û뵽ҵˡһΣǲˡ
˵ţһȭĲ֮˹ȥ
һȭ֮£õ󷨲飬ʮɵľ޴ɽ嶼ǻΪ˷顣
Ҳһ̣һӰա

ֵ˲䣬֮ڵǳǷ貵Ĺâɽһǳԡ
Щǳȫһǳ֮Խʱճ
ҲҪͻˡ
Źעǳֱ֮ӿɹ˲ͿٳһСǧ硣
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ͬʱɹΪɹĴԻ˵תһ㡣
һɹеȫƿأʹá
ҲһĻЩɵۣͻˣ
ʵû뵽ͻƣһʱЩֲ
޾ǳ֮ڽ壬һСǧڻ͡
һ˼СǧγɵḶ́ȻֻȻĸо
編
о編İأǰ಻ĵط˿̶Ȼˡ
ʵЩЦãԼҲ̫˰ɡ
ϸҲãСǧḶ́Ӧþ編۵һ
˿̣編˳뵽֮С
ĵڶһȷ򣬳ˡ
һ̣編Ҳ۳ɵСǧ籾Ѿֹͣţȴٴǳ֮ʼ
ǱߣЩ㲻״ˡ
ǰͻƵɾ磬ôϢһαǿͻһƵġ
ѵոͻƣܼͻƵླײɡ
ȥˣոͻƣɱظоΣգյһȷȻǸոͻƣʵС
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úã
Цһȴ۳ǳ֮š
ԣӦòܱ֮Ϊǳ֮ˣǳ֮ţǼеĹն棬ǳ޾ĴԪ硣
䵽ϵĹѾʮ֮һ
סˣ
ס֮ǰͬĹһӾͰǳ֮Ÿնѷ졣
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ۿżأ߶ɹȭ˳ȥ
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ٴγɱǿ磡
ͬһУһǳɵס˼ء
˿̣ظоǿ硯ǿʮֹбȱ編һӸ
ô£
زţǳͻƵĵ۾ôΪʲô編򻹴š
ܿ죬ˡ
Ǿ֮ɫͻƵ˲ླ磬ǰ編˳ҸողΪͻΡ£̫ˡ
ٵţĻͷһ
ЩȥɱϵҪǰһ֮ڡ
˿̣ѾϾЩˡ
񲻵һȷ򣬸ͻƵ˲ླ磬ʵ˵ȫˡ
ѹһͷ
Χǿ磬ƴƿ
ҲڷΪʱʱܸһ
ʵҲˡ
һָǺһָٴη
ǿһֹƣֻҪҪԷɡ
һǳżض˿зļظоˡ
ӰֳһصĶǲǿռ˲ƣȴǸһ˲ƵĸоȻǺһָ
Щ⣬ʱȻһʹ
ֻŴؿ֮УȻһؿ˺һӡ
ô£
һѪ³ɫ̿֡
֪ʵѧԺĸ߽Ų֮ʦݽ
ϵǺһָɱ˼أʵָͬʱһָõݽĽŲ֮һָǻӶѡ
飡
ʱǿҲˡ
û뵽Ƕʮʱ䣬ǵȫ˹żأѾû˷֮ǰܸܲʲô
˵ţûκӶԷ˼
ԷҲɱ
ͻˣĿ϶ˡ
սʿء
˵ţȴǴһû뵽ոͻƾȻôǿ֪ĻһϵˣһʱͰնɱˡɱңҲô׵ġǾˣսʿҡ
û˵ֻ꣬һ̳ͳ
ǲ̳
ķ֮һܾˣΪľǷֹߡ
ԼҪȼ׼ĳ֡


1636 û취̫
סֻо֮ʲô¡
̧ͷʱȻˡ
ǲֱ̳ϣҳһѪ⣬֮еľԷ˳
Ǿĺģ൱ھһ㡣
Ȼ⾧ݡ
߶̳ʱ̳ǱһƵģſһĴھͰѾԸɵˡ
ͬʱصѪʲôҲһգʲôû¡
һУɫƽ
һУ̳ɻصУΪȭͷС
ⲻ̳ǽ嵱ʱģĪܣǻ˽壬ȡⲻ̳һ֮󣬴͸
ʮʱ棬Ѿȫƿ˲̳Ҳǿķ
̳صУͷųһɾ뵽塣
ǲ̳֮һ׼ƷΪˣһת豸һ
õעɹٴ
תۣѾʮСǧСѾԶһͻƵĲࡣ
ͣ鿴µĶǳѧԺķȥ
żϢһʱͻᱻ֪
ǲȥ϶ɱ˾Ͳǲླһ׵λˣҲҪλ񾳽硣
壬ĳܻء
Ǿһרɱš
ĵһʱ䣬֮һյɫĵƺȻˡ
ˡ
һţȫںڰ֮У֪ʲôӵģһ¼ص񡣡
˵ţһŮȥ
Ƭ֮Ůӻظˣȥɱһǧ߰ʮλѧԺѧһȷǳǱ޴󣬼пͻƵླ磬Ǿͻ֮ǰͰѸɱѿ֮С
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Ǽĵص㡣
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ӿǻ֮еˣ΢΢üȻͻˡĻһȷĲȷʵͬľսʿһսҪ˵ɱ˼أҲ̫ˡȵȣ桭
ʩչǿ硯Σֿ
ˣʲôô
Ůֵûпʲô
ϸ飬ʱѵõЩȵȻһȷ򡣡
⻰ŮӾޱȡ
һȷ֮жʮ־˵һ顣
Ȼ츳

룺һȷԺ񾳽磬вˡһڻĸûгĴԲսʿȥɱ϶ûзѧԺ
ʵһ仰û˵񷵻ѧԺѧԺҪɱ
ǳԲսʿĿġ
ˣҲһĿǰĿǰûгսʿλֱǿ¿֡ɭŮ˵ţǰһѯ壬λԲҲϸܡ
ӳ˼һ£˾ðȥɣִϰٴ񣬺ûʧֹ
ŮӵͷҪ´
뵽ԣֵһڵλá
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ǰ֣ĴԲսʿ
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þûжˣεĿ꾹ȻһһȷıţѪڡŰɱЩţǵȫΪӰûбҸˡ
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뿪֮Ǻǳܲס˫ȵȻķѡ
ڸ·ٶȺܿ졣
ͬʱһʱϵѧԺԼͻƵɾϢȥ
ѧԺ֮УϢȻ
ͻˣ֮ϲҵƲ⣬ǰѵڶһȷͻƣƻҪһʱ䡣˵ţָһڲʲôȻֱǳͻƵģİһһȷ˳
һԣ۶֪ġ
ѵд˵е֮ͨ
ɾʱüͷѾ֪ͻƵľڵӦúܲãһѡ
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˵ãҪ⡣ȴǵ֪ͨһɽʦȥһɽ򡣾ʲô֪֮ˡ
ǣԺӦ֪ǲЦ
ɽסоһµͨ
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֪ˣھ͹ȥ
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ѧԺ˲ϢκһӰһʧˡ
ѾǱΧΣѾС˺ܶࡣ񵭵Ѿɽǧ򣬡ɽһΪǿľް֮֮еһλԲڸ˸ǡ
Բ֮۷սˡ
ȻΣС˺ֻ֪ܶ࣬лصѧԺܾ԰ȫ
ŲƣٴγֵʱԼȻһߵ
ԲҪŲƵĿĵء
á
һʱ뵽˸ıŲƵ·ߣ˺ܾܿǾ׷ɱˡ
һȷ򡣡
һĮǰ֣Ű涼Ϊţ֪츳Ǿɱ涼Ҫǰһ֮ˡ
ھɱǰһٵģǾеš
һҲһ
û˵Ű֣ء
ȫֵΪŤŲƵĿĵأҲҪԲ
Ϊɱ˴
ҾԲǶ֡
гѧԺȵϢѧԺǱָĹһš
Ĺйһ֮Ե
ϾѧԺҲǼ֮ţһЩǿҲύ
ƺ֪ڸʲôЦǲڷϢ֪㶼˭㷢˭һ㶼ţΪ˶Ȳ㣬ԼϡҲɱ㣬ҪЩ˹֪һֻһȺþûгսˣҪɱ
⻰𾪰ֵĿ
ǴԲ񾳽ľսʿ
뵽˺ֻܶ࣬ǿΪðţԲ񾳽磬ǱĴԲѹ㣬ֻдԲ񾳽ʮ㡣
ֿ˿ĵ˵ͷͦģµʲôãԵʵǰһжô
û磬֪˵ʵ
ּȻʱ򲻴ɱնɱĸ߽ײ࣬;ȵȾͺˡ
ҪֻܲЦ

һʱյѶϢ˼һ»ȥ
ϾҪԿ壬֮һԼ֮ΪӹԼ
ռһŮյϢ
ܷǴ֮йĴԲҲ֮ǿߡ
ͨƤףƤƤ㣬ɱս
壿
ӹ棬ûκεη壬Щ˷û뵽֮⻹壬֪ʲôΪɱ̫ʧˡ
˵ţӰһʧˡ
ĳһռ䲨ܷˡ
񣬾Ȼ˾ˣһԲ񡣡ͷǺԲܲ򵥣ƺ˲ơ
ֻһۣ־Ϳܷ
壬ԲΪ
ܷһޱȣ񵽵ǸʲôȻþĴԲԳ׷ɱ
˿Ҳΰ
û뵽λԲĻһһŮˡ
СӣʲôȻþһλԲ׷ɱ㣿ܷ֮󣬿ʵ
˵ֻɱһλλô
Ȼţʱһȷǳͬ籾ͿԺ;һսλ񾳽磬ɱһλλʲôֵġҲֵþԲ׷ɱɡ
ܷɵӣ
ȷʵֵþԲ׷ɱңǸոͻƾɱһλλ񣬶һȷͻƵĲླأЦܷЩεӣû취̫ˡ
ܷ𣺡


1637 Ůֲ
˵ʲôûôġ
ܷȻҲò˵ʵ̫ˡ
һȷ򣬻ͻƵ˲ླ磬֮жǺټһ顣
Ҳѹ־ᷢһԲ׷ɱ񾳽磬˭Ƶס
ļһ˵ˣ
˼һ£սֲ֮ͬбռƣ㻹ˣ벻Ķ֡ңܻԼߵĻ㻹߰ɡ
ϵ˵
ǱɣʱҲܷ
֪ܷˣ֪ͨӹ
Сӣû뵽㵹ͦ塣ܷȻЦܷ壬ûӹ֪ôôǾ彻սʱµġܷսɱʬ嶼ܶѳһɽоսʿûһҲаǧ
⻰Ŀɿڴ
Ůô뺷ô
⻰ǰȴ촽û뵽λһһɱһõĹ׿ܶҪ񡣡
ߣͷܷЦȻ˿Сӣֻһȷ򣬻ͨĻ淨򣬵ǽҸչʾһ·÷
˵ţȴһ˰֡
ٶȺܿ죬һһ㣬ֱֱȥûκεƫƣ֮һȵƫơ
һȭ漴ȥҲǱֱޱȡ
ľ룬ǿĹ۵µ
һ˲Ϳ࣬սʽΪ֮㵡
úã
ЦҲһȭ˳ȥҪܷӲƴһС
ܷȴͻȻȭΪƣͬʱ۳һѻ̵ֱֵ̰Դ
֪Լ֣ԴûͰӲƴ˿һб仯ðֶʼϲ
ֳܷץȥ赲ܷ
ʱܷĻ̵ȴַ˳ȥһ˳ֱŰֵĲץȥ
ֶʱ󾪡
һı仯ʼϲ
ҲһֱӵսʽϧһеĹԷҪֱ̫Ϭ
ѾΨһľƫһԴ
ǻ̵ʱѾܷƣ˿ŰֵԴƫƣֱӴıǰȥֲĻ淨̴˰ֵıӣճһƬڡ

ַŭޱȣһС
ʱ֮зɳ۵Ľ룬ֱܷȥ
ã
ܷ𰵵һ֪ǶԷһһԶ˰֣Զˡ
ǽĿ࣬࣬һ̴ֱۡ
ʱֻİֱ۶Ϊ˽ˮ
վֱ֮ȼȻٴ۳͡
ѾǶ׵壬ֻһϸٴθοֻٵһֱۡ
ָһֱ۶ĺܴ󣬲֮ʮǧ
ǱߣҲòȥ
ָҲҪľ޴
Ҫ
ŭ˹
ոһеʧȼеŭ
ɣ
ܷߵȴҲӭȥ
˫ֶǳһѻ̵Ѷ̵໥һ㣬ԼһС
ĹȻϬҪôҪôֱȡҪ
Կΰֶǲ㱻һɱ
Ůֲ
ﻹףܷżֲսʶΪսһֺƽȷ򣬶һˣȴǿľսʿһս˿·硣Լգƿȫﵽһַ˼ĵز
սѾԶڵΪ硣
ռϷ硣
һϽ뿪
ʱȴܷĴĴԲ˵Ĳȷʵ˺صˣ֮ʵΪˡÿһΣҵƾͻһ֡ҵڣڱȥĻҲ֪Լ֧ŶáĴԲӦҲҵ뷨ҪԷΪնɱĻᡣһֱȥĻҾͱذɡ
⴫ɫ䡣
ܷ֮ɱ˰֣һֱԽΪԼνɱ˰֣֪ԼҪܡ
ʱҲԲ㡣
ܷĺܸлԮ֮֡ߣǻûеɽˮʱڴѶӹʱҲԼѧԺոյѧԺϢѧԺѾһλʦŵλʦˣǾͰȫˡ룬ص
⻰ܷЦѧԺһʦʲôãԺ֪ҪɱλʲôΪ
Ĭûз
ܷѧԺʦҲֻԲľսʿ֮޵еġ


1638 ɽ
⻰ȴǲҹͬ
սʿ֮޵еģԺʲô
Կ϶ĴԲԺжһС
ʲôߣ
ܷҲٴˣ
Ǳλȡһⲻʲô˽ǳһսʿıܡ
֮⣬黥֮бֻһˣǾ塣
壬ûл·
˭߲
ִȵ񣺡ܷѾȷһλΰսʿսսʶֱƾȷͿһսȷʵ˺صˣ޷ӳȫʵҹȥƳأźܿҪѹƲסԼ֮ڵơٺ٣ʱɱ㣬ֱѴ֮
˵ţЩ⡣
ûʲôʤ֮ģսΪȡʤΪ˻ɱԷΪ˿伫
ܷ𲻾ɫһףһѪ˳
ʵѾǵһޣոҲֻǿŶѡ
Ȼ
Խӵû뵽ܷ˵Ů񽫾ȻҪնɱҸոճղһ鱨û뵽һ鲻ҪҴһܷ˷֮һγսնɱһλ˵ĽСһǰܾһλսʿߣû뵽ȴ֮⡣
˵ţ۾ȡ
ɱܷǿɱɱ䶯
ҲǾȵĿܷոʵҲǼϲѯһܷѶϢȴûв鵽˵ܷ¼Ҳޱȡ
Ů˵Ǻεȵǿɱնɱ˵ķ񽫣̫ҫˡ
ؼֻһͨȷһһ㡣
㻹һ߰ɣˡΪߣҾһס㡱
룬ھܷǾˣģˣֻҪҵ겻ԺҲҽڤת
Ȼǰ겻
ؼʱݣ²ߵİ취һһܳɹ
Сҹβ࿴ʵ˵ɡ˵ˣʵҵƱĶأ۵ıԴҪɢˣԺǱҲѾľˡҶĹҲ͵˶Ϊ֮ˣ㲻ͬһȷԺﵽ磬񡣡ܷЦЦ־Ŀġ
ʼĴ㡣
ܷ𣬾֮࣬Ҳò̾һɵŮˡ
ܷһλսʿǻڵЩȱһΪԼеԷһС
ǻ࣬ھ·
Цһȴת񣺡ܷ㲻ҪôǾ͹Ϊưɡ
˵ţѾ϶ܷ𲻻
Ȼܷ𿴵Σգǰס˰֡
ߣ
еĻ̵˰֣Ҫҵûκ壬ֻˣҲһ
ҧҧ˾
ãߡ
Ť֮ˣһܷ˸мģ췢ģһ㱨ġ
⻰ܷĵ˵ͷ
ʱȴǲˣȥס
ߣĶҡ
ܷЦţȴȫԼ֮еƣס֡
֮Уڱ
Ҳܽһ㣬һɢ
Ůķˡ
ַŭޱȣһμôҪŮˣȻΪһİƴһС
һܷתҪ뿪
ɾʱһ˰סļ򣺡ߣٵȵȡ
ͷȥϲ֣ɽʦ
סѧԺɽʦҲȽһλʦ
ɽЦЦ˵ͷ
ɽʱͷֻǺܷͰ
ʦȾܷ𡣡
֪ɽΪǾѹ֡
ΪɽǲླΪֱ֮Ϊƿشǧ缶
ɽȻܾ˿ںͰֵֽܷ־ץ˹ȥ
һצ˸͸գֱ˺˰ֵĹȻһѻסܷ𣬰ֱӴ˸ǰ
ֻܷоʱձ仯ûôǣͿվԱߵɽ
ѧԺѧʦɽлѧԺѧľɽܷܸоܷܲãȵһϢĴԲսʿͽˡ
˵ţš
ܷɵۣԼȻȫ͸ɽΪ
ʱɽѾ̧֣һɿֲޱȣ˺Ѵǧ̲סΪ֮һ

Ժֻ֡


1639 
û֮⾹Ȼ񣬿ʵֲòš
һ̣ѧԺ˺档
ʲôһѧԺ澹Ȼ񾳽ʦѧԺԺ᲻ǿ
ʱɽѾˡ
ǻһצһ㣬ɴǧ֮һӾҪѰ˺Ƭ
񣡡
ҲоǴǧӵе
Բյֻǧ֮
Բ񾳽ʵ࣬Ǿǰʮǿվޣ޷֤ԴԲΪһλֲλԲ֮Ĳ໹Ҫ󣬶񾳽һŴʹ֮ˡ

ַԼеķãԼǴϵĸƼһ㣬һ˾ܰԼ㸲
ܷҲǿɽʵ֮ҲǼǿĴڡ
䣡
ֵɳȥѪ
ƴȫȼʮ֮һľŶɽһ

ŭޱȣҲ֪ԼԲɽĶ֣ǺԥľͳԶߡ
ʱѾԼ
ɽЦˣԺ󻹲ЦһĴԲǺо壬Ұ׽ˣŵѧԺĽ̨ϣĴԲкβͬ
ѧԺרŵĿдоһĿ
Ǻֵо
˵ţ֮зɳһצ͵ؾͳŰְȥ׽һҪ֮Ħ
ֻ֣̿ٶٿ춼޷ӳצã֪Լˡ
ɾʱһɿֲȻ˺ѿռ
޷ݣȴֱӵסɽצΪȡʱ䡣
˭
ɽ𾪣ûвôġ
ʱǹȴתͷɽ޷סƺһάһ㡣
ɽãҪƿ
ȻǱסһһ˲Դտգʲô˼άʶûУǰѧԺûκιϵ
Ҳû˾ԭ򣬾Ȼֹͣ˳֡
һ̣ܷҲͬ뷨һûĳϵնˡ
ʱȴޱ˷֪λ˳ˣҲֻλӵص
ɣȥɣ
Ｄոյıһɨ⡣
¡
֮кȻһף֮ףԴһУҲԻһС˲䣬еһлָ︴գɽܷ׷״Ӹոյʶ״̬˹ϵҲٴλع鵽ϡ
ɽָǹȥ
ʱ֮һ֮Ϊ˽ˢһ¾Ͱǹ˺÷顣
ʱһ֮һʱ䣬ıǹɱˡ
лԺҴˡ
ɽл߶һ˽ܷ
ղǹЩη塣
ܷ˿֣̾ոѧԺԺôǵʲôףȻܰǸѹ
֮Уǹ֮ȴٴ۳ͣȻȴǲٳ񣬶һץס֣Ҫ뿪
ߣ
ɽŭ֮зڳһ׷ȥ
ǹƺ˿ռʱһ㣬Ȼ˲ǳȥ˲֪ٹꡣ
ɽۿҲ޿κΡ
ǹȫʧֱˡ
壬ĳܻء
ллˡ
ֳոںڰ֮еӾ
Ҫ˵ǺȻ˲ԡ
ֻһȻβǽٵ˻֮УȻΪľƳؾȥ
һ֮£ƺǧɱһУ߸Ǭ
Ӷʱɫ䣬ţȻβҵ⵽ʲôϵĴڣǸ
˵ţ߶еֿһơ
ֵҲǷ׷״߶ܻض뵽ĩһ㡣
䣡
һƻ֮ͽΪɻңĲ׷Ϊܲס
أȫȥ
쵰ȻǾĻءӴ˿Ǳޱȣʮֵķŭոʶһɨأʮʮ֮һصвõ󷨣۵ĲƸҲǻΪ˷ɻҡ
Ļۣ֮һ档
û˻ӦӣĿĵĻһƬž
ɽ
ɽʦȻѧԺɣǵôλܷŮӡ˺صˣֻܾǵɽԺǸ֯ҲѾһѵҲ𡣸ոǹ˿ѡ
⻰ɽ𾪡


1640 ѧԺ
ɽǵĴ֪ôˡ
ʱܷһѪ³վȾҪˤס
û¡
ʮǿ˵ȻҲȫˣһɡ
ЩΪѵؿ˿ɽ
ɽ˵ͷܷڱԴ۵ҲɢȥĻֻоĵˡոյԺĴ㵽ѧԺͣҲֻа취㡣
⻰ܷһ
û뵽ѧԺԺȥѧԺһ˵а취
֪ڵʵұ˵Ҫأܸо汾ԴҵٻѾԶˡܷ𻺻ھֶһܾȵңԺĺˡ
˵ţѾ϶ѧԺԺҲȲԼԾͲ˷ʱ䡣
ȴǼܷûмԺԶ֪档˵ܾ㣬Ǿһܾ㡣
ܷĬˡ
ȻԺˣ㻹ȥɡɽҲȰԺȷ棬֪ʶԨ淨򣬶оһġ˵Ҫ֪ѧԺӵ౾治ֶ߱Σ˵㣬Ϊȶסƿ϶ǿġ
ܷ˼һ£ڱ˵ˡ
ǺãҸȥѧԺ
˵ȫҽˡ
ʱʼѧԺСܷ֮յһѶϢ
֮󣬾ޱȣ֮Ļءҹˣ治֪˭£Ȼҵҹأһ
ɽǺãȻǲ֪ء
֮һЩأЩؾİ´һǱһЩҲĵطñ̡澺ȡ֮ĻǱ֮ΪҹרɱһЩšոλɱľԲսʿӦþǳԡҹ
ܷ𻺻˵ţû뵽ǰǸոһλҹĴԲ񣬺šҹؾͱ˸ٵˡ
񰵰ͷЦ治֪˭ȻΪҳһڶ
ɽȥˡ
ȿȡ
װһܷ⣺˵˭Ժǵ߾ԲʱԺ˹ȥȻֳǵġҹظٵˡԺǸһҲǸһѵþ֪ѧԺǡ
ܷʱо׹š
ȻѧԺԺ֣ôģ֪ٵٵҹأȴطҲ
Ѿжޱȣ̵Ժʵ̫ϲˡ
˳ģ˻صϵ
ѧԺһԪѧԺҪ֤ɽ
Լѧ֤ɽҲѧԺĽʦ֤ЩԱѧԺҲѧԺר֤
֤ģԺ䵱ѧԺԪĹɫ˽ѧԺԪҲֱȥ
Ŷ
ܷ˵ţɽݸԼһ֤
ѧɽ֤ڲϣʱ͸оһĴԪͬʱԪѶϢ뵽Ժ
ѧԺ
֣ǵһμôѧԺ
߰ɡ
ɽ˵ţѾѧԺ֮С
ܷʶͷųȥһ̽ѧԺľȴǷʶȫѹơ
ۿȥһɽɲޣֽֽ뵽һĸо
ӭѧԺ
ɽͷЦܷ𣺡߰ɣѾյԺĴ˵ȸ㰲һסٴȥ
ܷ˵ͷȻĪЩ
֪ѧԺԺʲôˣָġҹأ϶һˡ
ѧԺ֮Уҹ
񡣡
ܷ𿴵ˣЩȡ
˵ͷЦЦʱæŰҴ˴ͻƵ㱨ȥЩԲסˡ
ܷǺܸмġ
ܷιһѧԺȴΪԼֻð齻˱ˡ
һӣǰӣһ
ܷ⣬һͻƵླ磬һȷ򣬿϶ѧԺĵһˣѧԺ϶ĽԺȫ㡣
⻰ȴҡҡͷ
ʲôһţѧԺ֮УŵĴڡ˵˵ˣ㲻˽ѧԺ
ܷ˵ͷ֮ǰѯһѧԺ浽ѧԺ֮ȴǷԼѯѧԺҲѧԺıɽһǡ
ѧԺһĵط
ΧŨҲòô飬ǰһѧо
ҾҪԺˣ˵˵Ժɡܷ룬ӦЩϢģΪҪѧԺԺζ޷ָоѧԺԺܾھĵطһ֪еһС


1641 Ժ
񲻾ס
ĻԺһУȻǲ͸¶ġܷ֮ǰΪ˾ˣֱӾܾԵЩ̫ˡ
˼һ£һЩҪĺܷ˵һ¡
Ժһΰˡ
룬ѾڣʮǰǵûнǼʱƼˮƽһ㣬ûзɴûܻˣǿҲֻܴﵽ񾳣Ҳ֮еԭҲʱԺˣ˵ҲȫĵһԡɡΪѧԺʼѧɴǸʱһѧԺѧ
˵Щ㯡
ʱˮôҲû뵽Լнĳɾ͡
Ҳ˵ֻʮͻƵ˲ླ硣ܷ֣ٶȵҲָһȷĹҲֻһ
ЦЦѧԺһʮͻƵླģҲһ
ѧԺ֮Ժ˽ĴڸǸ֪ʶѧԺɹһһѹءҲΪѧԺһԾǼʱڸǳΪӰǿ඼ܸмԺΪûѧԺԺĳ֣ûĽ죬Ժΰ󡣡˵
һ֮ΰǿ϶Ҫΰ¼
ѧԺԺȻˣһȺһҴȽСǿȻǵ֮ΰˡ
ܷЩףΪʲôɽѧԺԺˡ
µһ죬ѧԺ֮пʼÿճϿΡ
СܣȥңҪٵˣĽΣʦҪһӽ磬һ̵ĳһյȥĺ棬һﻹץһץ̵š
ҲҪҰѶꡣСܡ
ĲѧҲǷ׷׵ĳһѧϿεĸյ³ٵˣ⻹ֻѧԺвľ
СѧвʵҲˡ
ѧԺΧĿ¡ܷ𿴵һĻľޱȡ
һѧԺֲôѧ
ʱһŮ˹ܷԺҪ㡣
⻰ܷһ
˵˿ȥŮӾȻҲǲླһ׵Ϊ
Ůһ·ѧԺо˵оԺ漰оѪȡ
оһ칫ңš
Ժܷˡ
Ů˵ţƿš
ֻ棬ڼ¼ʲôԱߵһϴ¼ָ壬ǧݡ
ܷޱ֪Ϊʲôѡ
ɣʦˡǻ˵š
ȥɡص
ܷ˵ͷ߽˰칫ҡ
ǣһоĲ񻰣ѧԺѧûʲô
˿ǻдŶһֻۣдݾȻǹڷںϵġȻҲע⵽Ĺӣָֻ壬Ȼÿһһо¼
ޱȣǰѧԺԺʵǲ̫
ôܾȣ
ʱ̧ͷԼµһоָӭѧԺܷͣ𡣡
ܷס
ʱڶʱоԼǰûκܣʲôѾǿ
ܷСŮԪ֮꣬˵ķ񽫣նɱһλ˵Ľ񡣴СԸ棬ϲһ֮һȷͻƵླ磬ΪӼĳ裬ȴ䣬һȷ˺պɾԶЩԶȷͻƵླֵܽá
ʮƽ˵ţЩĿ˿ܷ
ܴ϶ЩϢ
ܷ̲סڣʵ̫ˣǰѧԺԺʲôΪѵĵһȫ֪ȫܵľ硣
ѧԺԺ棬ӵĪֶΣҲ׼Ҳֲ̫˰ɡ
ЩϢȴһҡͷǵûУҸոշһǼϵİϢд
ܷ𣺡
ȿȣⲻص㡣ЦЦ֪϶ܷԼʲôǿߣԼ˶ѣܷ϶ȡһЩϢʵҲа취ģ̫ˣɵ˲ŻôɣȣҪлѧԺѧԮ
ܷͷ֮ǰɽѾлˡ
Ȼǻ˵һڵɡ룬ڱ汾Դ۵ҲɢǲϵĻȥĻҲֻˡ
ꣿ
ܷһԤĻҪ̡


1642 
ǵ˵ͷʵ궼ܲ
ΪԽԽ죬ܼǧܷ֮ͻʧ
ླߣ塢λһ壬һεһ㣬κһ߳⣬߾ͻͻʵ߶⣬ܻѾˡǻ˵ţǸԴȪӸ֡
ܷǵһۣ𾪡
֪оЩ֮вѧߣѾγ۵޼
Ժͽ̡
ܷ˿Ѿİǵһλǰǹ
ְ취
ǿڣЦЦһְ취Щֱҿ԰֮зһɢȻתٸһ塣ĻһоҪҪ¶壬ԺܴܲﵽڵĳɾͣҲ޷֤
ְܷ취Щǵһְ취һ롣
˵ףʵʩ̫ˡ
ԪڵΪĻܻҪٻԪʱ䡣
ڶְ취ºһ㣬ҿȹбάסڵĻѾȴ޷ٻָΪҲ޷ΪѾ˲٣ΪܻҪ䵽Բ񾳽磬λ񾳽綼пܡ
Ǽְ취Ҳȫ
ܷĬˣЩʵѾԶϣάסླΪܻһ׻ס
ЩĶֻȻ뵽ʲô뷨
˵ķ񽫣Ǳλ׿ϵĴڣΪ䵽Բλ񾳽磬ʲôһС
ʱķźͷضᱻջأҲᱻЩֵܽóЦ
һֳ衣
ְ취ЩˣνƲȻѾҩɾȣעһѰµĳ·ķȻ֮򣬶ҵоʵӦ÷ֵȽףκηǿġȷҲŲһȷǱؼôַǱڴˣһۣ֮Ϊۡ
˵ţǴļóһо¼ֲᡣ
ܷк棬̲סӹж
ֻ¼ֲҲȫдģ潲˷׵ݣԼо֮һЩɷ׵ӣԼһʵ顣ͨƪȥһ̿һѿֻ̫𾪶ѡ
֪ѾСʱȥ
ܷʱ򻺻̧ͷʱע⵽ʱѾȥôá
ô
ڵǲǺ𾪣ʵֲдģײ鹹ģʵڵġ֮һʯ֮Ϊ࣬սȴǲЩͬһȷĳţҵĲ²⣬ʵ˷ף֮ˣѾﵽ˿һȷĳ̶ȡ
ܷ˼Ӳǵֲ֮С
Ҳ˵ʯԷƾȷԿһȷĳţԽɱУԼҪ޷֮͡˲²ʯں򣬿ǿʯһֱûгϹֻ֮ôôǿǸܵġ
Ŀԣ
ܷ𲻽ЩɣѵĴַʽĻֱһ߸
ڵҪߵǷںϣԼܵߵȷ·ӣԺҿԿ϶ʵڵġǿ϶ޱȵ˵ԣѡְ취ֻҪԼĻ֮ɵһνףͻۣҲھɵķٴνʱ㲻Ϊ䣬øǿ
ܷһ飬ǱøǿĶˡ
֪ǿֻǰһʵ󣬿ʵɹˣĺôԶ
һνף
ȻʵԺȷģǲǺ淨ܽеڶΣǵνף
ǵͷϵڶν׿϶ȵһϰٱֹһ֮СȷԶ޷ͻƵ硯˵
ܷо׹һ㣬ıǵ۸סˡ
֪棬ȷ߳ɾҲ񾳽磬ԭ˵ȷĵȼ̫ͣ޷汾ԴͨףȼܴһǼֱǵ߸Եġ
ŵʱ涼˷ڡ


1643 
ܸоܷĶˡ
Ҳѹֲ֣һĦе飬κ˶Ķ
Ҫѡ֣Ҫô
ܷڻڣȻһµУҪʲôۡ
ǻԵ޹ʵİ
ǳ˼һ£ЦڹؼʱѧԺѧԮ֣֮Щ͹ˣ㲻ٸκδۡҶɽʦѧԺ
ܷһʱпĪû뵽ԼԼ
һһģĪ춨
ʱҪô˵ʵӵвླ񾳽ΪĻ֮׻׺ֻܶ࣬дԲΪǾͱȰĻ֮񾳽С
Ȼǵۣ׶εκһ綼÷ףֻаһַ۷֮󣬽ײףԺʵҲŻǿǸոǾ˵ʯǲ²񾳽֮ǰ˷ף޷ͻƵ磬һЩ
⻰ܷЦá
ܰѻ֮񾳽ĳ̶ȣͻƵ񾳽ˣﻹڵĴԲΪ
û£һѻ֮񾳽硣˵ţҴȥһط
šܷЩظȥ
һֱһ޴оңдš֮оҡ
һŸĻ棬ʮһ֮࣬ȼš
ܷϸţ¶ޱȵɫΪһŵĻ澹ȻǲͬεĻ֮
Ļ֮ʮһΣǰʮεĻ֮򣬴ѻ֮ȫˣҲ񾳽缶Ļ֮򡣵ʮһǽ֮ռ֮汾Դ򶼿ȼգ񶼲Ӳ֮һν׵Ļ϶޷ﵽ̶ֳȣֻܸΪһοû֮ס
ǵ˵ţЦݡ
ǵʮһŻ۵Դ֮Ҳ¯Ļ档
ܷþ
з˾캧ˣܰѻ֮򻮷ֳʮһΣװ׵ĸչֳЩ˻֮򾳽ĵʮһŻ棬Ȼǻ֮֮ռ֮汾ԴȼգϣĴ
Ϊֻһһ֮һСҪѧԺϺܳһʱˡڼ䣬ʲôģʱҡһ֮㻹޷û֮ףԼʱҲ޷֤ǵ
ܷͷ
֮ڿɲһʱ˾ͷҪ򱶶ֹ
ס
ܷЩصҵĻ֮͵һٽ㣬ôӦúܿܰѻ֮񾳽硣ȻĻ֮ףǾͿˣʧˣҲѧԺûκθϵ
ǵͷܸܷṩİֻôࡣ
ɹδǰ;
ʧܣʮа˾Ǳɣ˵ǻɢ
׼һ£翪ʼɡ룬һܷɹѧԺְȴ֪ʺϿڡ
ܷȻҲ͵ȲˣȥһԼ飬ȻͰѧԺס£ʼ
ܷѧԺĽҲˡ
㡣
츳Ƭ
ԼѧԺͼѡһŹԼһ
ͻĺ䶯һ㲻ȺС̼ˡ
סں츳ƬںϽΪѧԺڶλ츳ѧ
ҪλͻƵɾѧѾλͲһλˡ
ھȴš
ʮ֮һѧͻˣȻ
ͻǶЩʼϲȻҲѧѧķֻȷ
츳ʵǲߣҲѧ࣬һֱǾٲһֶȷ֮ͻơ
û뵽ȻȲˡ
ȻѾͻƣҲ޿κΣķܷϵõ֤Ժδûа취ͨ׵ķʽ֮ϵ߾硣
Ժʧˡ
ЩȷͻƵɾ磬ʵЩˡ
Եһʱ䣬Ǳϲ
ΪʲôҪʧ
ȴЦЦͻƾͻưɣѡԺĻŬȷҲûд졣
ͷжޱȡ
ѧԺҲ䲼˸Ľ
һ㡣
һ츳Ƭ
ԼѧԺͼѡһŹԼһ
Ҫ˵㣬ǶȴһȾ޴Դˡ
֮ͻƣΪˡ
ʱϵͳҲˣؼǴѧҲڿԽˡ


1644 ѧǿ
ĽǺܼ򵥣ʮ츳ƬԼâгֵ
ǵһʱȡˡ
ʮ츳ƬȻö˵âгֵĹȻϰٱ֮࣬вһЩ༶
ñȡħ䡷ǼǡϼħʮǼħؾص䡷쳾ȡ
պЩ֮˶ѧˡ
Ͼֻѧ֮󣬲Ǵѧѧ
ѧ񡣡Ѿʦҵ𣬡Ҫְһ꣬ͳ˧һְ޷ʤͳ˧һְΪʧܡһ֮ڶοˣζ޷ͨˣԶʧȥѧѧ˵Ļᡣ
˵ͷҲѧԺĹˡ
ѧ˲Ǻѣλᶼ޷ͨǻϾʹѧʧܣԺҪ뿪ѧԺһֱҵˡ
ݹѧԺʷûο˶ûͨģһεĲ١
֪ˡ
˵ͷϸĿ˿
ԭ˵ְһ꣬ʵҲֻݴͳ˧εͳ˧ǳûݼһꡣ
ٿͳ˧ѧԺʦ
ȥĻظɽһŵԱˣĿݡʦڵʱסЩˣݴһסЩˣѧȻᱻ϶Ϊʧܡ
һ֮
ˣѧˣΪA
漴ʽŴѧλѧһѧ
һ죬ѧԺ֮УеĿγ̶ͣеʦѧ˳
˶գƺƣһһӸвӵ˴ѧ
һȺȥѧʦȫڡ
վǰУңѧ
Ժʱһϸȥۡ
ؼʱ̣ԺȻҪԡ
ѧʦѾԾؿǣޱȡ
תĿÿһλʦѧӹѧԺԴСѧѧвѾȫ⣬ĴѧҲǳ˴šȻΪѧԺѧôҲҪѧҵȻǰһˡǼȻܱѧԺ¼ȡ϶ģԺѧͶ
ѧţһҲǳš
֮⣬ҪлһѧԺʦǣûǵ˽ףѧԺҲô͵ɼĴѧѧǼ˵š
ʦ΢΢Щ⻹ǵһڹϸлǡ
ˣλѧʦҲһѧʼµ̡˵ţһѾ̤˽֮ϣȻ˵ŽŷԾգŴѧķȥ
ѧˡһ˷ޱȣװѧѧǣڴѧǡ
ҾȻѧԺĴѧ׶ˣԺҲʵĴѧˡпĪŷ˴ѧ
ѧһµĿʼЦЦѡ
ɽʦҲȥɡ̨˵
ĴѧʦҲһһȥ
ʣµѧǿһĻĽ֮Ƕ˶
˵ģȻѧԺѧǰˡ
Ҧܡס
Щѧת˲ʧˣѾǣٲץ϶ᱻ˦ԽԽԶ
ѧ֮С
ǽ֮ͷһ⾰ѧȵľǴһֱ
̧ͷϿȥǳҫϸһſŵǳȻвͬƺз֮ת
ǲһ֡
һǳȻһַǳĿһڿš
˼һ£ǵʶеǳȥ
ŲԶľ룬ȴǸռһʶ䵽һǳϣǾȻǻ֮۶ɵǳ
ǳôҲôȴǺܱϵһ
ѵ
뵽һֿܣʶع顣
ˡ
ǳ֮У֮һȷǳϸ˵һһǧһʮĿţ֮ǰ۲ıϡȷ鲼Ƭǿգǳ֮ϵʵǴЩЩȷɡ
УַȼԽߣǳҲԽ
ԽǳҲԵԽңԶЩʶ޷
ﻹףһƬͨǿգһƬǿա
ʦѧҲˣȥǿ֮еǳǷиܣŲΣľ붼ˣȴ޷Щǳ֮С


1645 ѧҵ
ѾˣƬǿտƾǰʵǸһάȡ
ֹЩʦѧǡ
ûȥѧĵطǵһʱ乵ͨϵͳ
ɵôῴƬǿյ졣
ֻҪƬǿڣѧԺ浱֮ĵһʥأûκԱȡ
ֻⷨǿ̫棬ǰһ汾Դ˳ѧԺĴѧһ˵ϵͳʲôĴڣȻһ
ֻѯϵͳȴûκεĻظ
һ죬һ֪еܡţŴѧȥʦѧظ档
ֻѧ֮УҲȫһĸɽϵǳӦ
ɽ֮ϣ¥ɲֲˡ
һɼ
ʦѧǶ˷ܲѣ⻷ֱȸв˰ٱ
ȻѭһĹʦҵ˽ҡᡢʳõһӦвеĵط
ʦʦѧǰס޵ĵط룬˵
ǡӦ
Ȼö˵ûʦǼѧԺƵƵо˵ķ֡
ҲһڴѧŲš
һֱСĴѧ㹻ʦ̽ܳһʱˡ
ҹ
Լ״̬ȻԶ֮ͨеķǳ
ȻǷǳ֮ϴѶϢڸⷨһ𾪲ѡ
һҹ򣬾ȻǰһĲ
ʦѧƺҲˣڶѧķз
ǶԴԤϣһ㶼֡
ѧ컹Ǵ˳ȥǴ̼ЩСѧвԼвѧһʱѧԺΧŨ
ڴѧľͷǳԶȥһŨԼ
ȥȴǱһεסˡ
߶еȻѲص
Ȼѧ滹һطţ뵽֮еĶУҲѧ֮ǶӦоˡ
˼һ£ѯϵͳ
ϵͳ˻Ӧ
ѧ֮ȷʵһѧѧûѧ֮󣬿Լϵͳ˵ţڽλѧ׵߼ҲǻԪ޼ɾ硣
ǲס
Ԫ޼ɾ磬ǲ֮е硣
찡
ǵ棬Ҳվ۷Ĵˡ
ñȴ˷ҵеλڣҲѡ
ñȽҲ硣
ѧҵǽĻԪ޽ɾ磬Ҳǵǰ˵񾳽硣ǳ˼һ£ѾЩ
ѯһϵͳȻ֤ԼĲ²⡣
֮󣬹ڴѧĻԼҵѧввСѧ֪ˡ
ѧΪĸ꼶
һͨɵ޽ɣӦλλ񾳽磬Ǵѧһ꼶ѧ
ļԪɣӦԲ񾳽磬Ǵѧ꼶ѧ
弶Ԫ̫ҽɣӦĴԲ񾳽磬Ǵѧ꼶ѧ
Ԫ޽ɣӦ񾳽磬Ǵѧ꼶ѧ
ѧγ֮󣬿ѡҵ߽ѧˣͨԼ졣
񾳽ܱҵҪ˭š
ؼǻܼ죬Ǹ޵ռ䡣
ڳһ֮ãѧԺڻָƽԵĿԿÿѧЩһˡ
ѧĳ֣ѧһȷĿꡣ
֮
ǺȻоһɻֱ֮գĳһ
ܷĵط
һٶʱ䣬Ȼѻ֮񾳽硣ǳ˼һ£˵Ļ˸ʱû֮ס׿ܱȰһһȷӽƽླҪѣ׳ɹҪ˲С
ҲǰѾ˷Ľףǿ϶żȻģֻԵɺ֮ɵġ
ܷһĿķס
ǵʶܷӹ״̬ҲͲٹעˡ
ɹҲãʧҲգѾΪ
һ죬ֵƸӣƸûдﵽٰˡ
ϵͳƸôﵽԿôѯʵ
֪ҪλӦƸ߲ԣ̲ŻῪ
ӦƸΪؼһ
һλǿӦƸԿԻڡϵͳʱϲ⡣
λ
⾹Ȼһλࡣ
̫ˣͰԵʦϿʼԡѾЩȲˣʦһֱǶơ


1646 Ƹ
ʦȻ⣬εʦȻС
ɽ̨诡ۡ桢أԼ¼Աźˡ
λʦˡ
˵΢ЦûĻھͿʼԣϣܸѧԺƸλΪƷ¶ʦ
λʦ˵ͷҲǺڴ
ǲڷϻͨϵͳʼһλμѧԺԵǿߡ
һ׹ǰһۣͷڣϵӡ
ӳֵ˲䣬Լλʦסˡ
ǿΪ
λߵϸоһ񾳽Ϣһ㶼̨诺ɽ
ѧԺô˵ƸʦӿǵˣЩҽ趯ǳ磬μѧԺƸԵġ
ǳ磿
ǲ۾һ趯ǳǣ֮ûеڶˡ
ǱѾڣ趯ȷѧԺӭμѧԺƸԣǽʦܷͨԣڵĻһҽܡ
趯˵ͷȻʲô⡣
ҽ趯磬ͨȡлԪȼָȣͨС졢ǡסʱ١ʱ١ʱ֮ͣ͡⣨һ⣩ֻ⣨ֻ¾⣩ɽһȣҾȫʤѧԺʦְ񡣡
˵ţš
ҪļλʦмλΪԶʱһЩӡ
ţΪѧʶȷʵʤѧԺʦѧԺ¼ȡʦЩǻ˵趯ƺЩԱ¼ȡ趯ģȴˣʦһѧԺȻǻἸ⣬ͨܳΪѧԺʦȻѧԺвģҲʱصԼԭ硣ϾƸ˫ѡǿѡ¼¼ȡ㣬Ҳѡ񵽲ѧԺְ
⻰趯˸ոյӡ
ˣѧԺȻܿΪѧʶҲԶûе¼ȡɵ
ǽȸһѧԺۻڣȻͽ趯ҲǱźͬ뷨ԽܵʱѵԼѧԺ˲١
趯ɲ֪Щ𾪲ѡ
ԭ粻൱񾳽磬滹
ѧԺ֮оʦ绹񾳽Ƹʦ
ûĻǾͿʼʡ˵ʼ˵һ⣬趯ʦΪʲôμѧԺԣ
Ϊʲôԣ
趯һ£Ϊ⣬û뵽һͺߣеⰡ
ӵĿʱ䡣ź˵Ѿ¼˲ٵݡ
λʦڿ趯ȴĻش
趯˼ʵڲ֪ʲô̵ĺ壬ǸɴʵûʲôرԭԼǸѾ۷壬ʵǼįĺܡżȻյѧԺƸ֪ͨܺ浽ʲôĴھȻϢģҴϢԾֱѡӦƸ뿴ѧԺʲôӵġ
˵꣬Щ
شƺ⣬ȷġ
ЩΣƺλʦû뵽趯ôش
ܳʵ
ǳһ£һۣʵһ˺ܸ߹ƷʣѧԺʦҪƷʡ
趯ʱɵۣŵĿǣƺô
ʱɽѾʼ˵ڶʣ趯֪˵ιӥŻĹ£
˵ţ͸趯¡
֮趯ЩãȻ
ɽЦС£ҵˣԷĴ˾ʲô
λʦʱҲȤ⣬ʱ˱ˢġ
ӵĿʱ䡣źѵ
趯ɵˣȫ֪ôش𣬸ղǿܳʵѧԺʦҪƷʣѵ
ѵҪ˵ĺܺã
Ҳ̫Υ˰ɡ
ʱ쵽ˣѻشǫ̂ЦǻֱӾܸ𰸡
趯ԥ˰죬ҲٴĦ˵˼ˣѿھǵĪһɵӣ
һܡʱЩ˵
ˡ趯Ц֪Ǹӡ
ɾʱǻһתѧԺͬĿĻشܺá
᣿
趯Ŀɿڴʲô·


1647 ʦ
λʦҲЦ趯ǿ˳˲١
ʦ˼⣬趯ƺҲſˣȫԼıĻش𣬶ⷴʦƵƵͷ
Ծ͵˽ˣԽ֮ǻԽ趯ڰ칫Ϣ˵ţ趯˳ȥ
ڣ趯ЩԺġ
μһԣôȺЩǿ߸һܻˡ
ˣһλߡ
룬ʼڶλߡ
һ׹֮ǰһŮӣŮһ㡣
ǵˣһ仰ѯǵ˵ݣǵҲô
ܺ棬ЩãȻ
ҲЩ֣λߣӭѧԺǽԹ١
Ůӵ˵ͷǵԼȷʵڱʱյһ룬Ȼû֪
۳˼һ£ҲŮӺ֣λŮʿһ򵥵ҽܡ
Ůӵ˵ͷƴػһ¡
ܿ죬һЩϤļӿͷ˶Щһˡ
ġʧ䡢ġ
һ㣬һɲȫ˳
λŮʿһ򵥵ҽܡٴεŮӷӦ˹
Ů촽ҽº磬ԭΪ֮һһӵпʶиӦԿδҼǵԼժ¥ȥʱȴյѧԺ룬ȻӦ˲Ŷԣô
⻰λʦЦ
ԭô£ºԼ϶ѾˣֲʱЩãȻȻѧԺ룬ѧԺμһ㶼֡
ʱ룬ҲǾˡ
ºһöԷǳԾǼ
ԭĻš
ȻҲֻѧԺʱգԭǸ磬϶ѾˣҲ޷ȥǻҪº˵ؼľǵˣͨǾѧԺѧԺʱռȥ޷ͨĻԶʧ
⻰ºһ
ٿǸһʱա
ˣʽʼ԰ɡ
룬ʾһۡ
ºŮӱϾǷ֮еǸ槼ȫԵѧԺʦġ
ºĿʶоֵ
Ծ˳ˣºĻشйоأûʲô޵ĵط
ˣԽˡ˵ºЩš
Ҳѹ֣ԲܻͨصԼԭ磬ҪԲǾҪɢˡ
κˣ϶š
ͨô
ºޱȣѯʵ
Ҫ֮ȷɽȻǺܷͬͨѧԺԣҪۺϿߡ
֪ˡºʱЩʧ䡣
ºʦڰ칫Ϣ˵ţºȥˡ
ЦЦº㲻Ϊһ㣬ֻ൱ѧԺɾ磬Ķԡ
룬֪ܷ¼ȡºҪ
ˣһλߡ
һ׹ǰһ󸹱㣬ɮɮñŴӡ䣬һͷӡ
ӣǼ˶һ
˽䣡
˶ѿڶ𾪲ѡ
˭˭ң
˽һĿ˿ˣ˭ʶ
Ǽ˶ǿЦãֹʶֱĲˣ˭֪
ʦô
ǸԪ˧˽ǰɣӭμѧԺԡۻǽԹ٣ܷͨԣվǾǸ֮ǰһ⣬ĸ˽䣿
Ǽ˲һʵĺð
˽ĵӵӰС˵ƷǶúܣĸܹؼ
ĸ磿Ȼμ硣˽䵭˵ţȴǶŲź˲ţӶˡ
μ磬ǿڵ˽ˡ
һȻμ֮һĺɫ
ô
ź˵˽һۡ
ʱ˽۾ֱˣˮֱ˶Ҫյź˸ǰˡ
ȿȡ
ǼװһѾ֪˵ʲôˣ˽䣬ܣʲôԣ
˽⻰Ȼɫһ䣬˫ֺʮλŮʩ벻Ҫջһס
ǵȼλʦɵۣô
ôˡ
Ǽ˲֪Ǻõʱֻ˽е˵϶ѧԺǲģ


1648 ˴
Ǽ˶ǿЦãѧԺԵĿô
ڣȻڡ
ʱЦЦ϶ѧԺһλʦѧԺѧγ̣ǲҲ뵽ѧԺΣ
˽⻰ʱޱȡ
ͷţСƵġ
ΪѧԺʦҪͨԲСǼԿɲףѧԺ˱׼ǺܸߵģҪƷ¸УҪԨ֪ʶ
ôѧԺˣǾͿ϶ûˡ˽֮ȴѿڶ
ڣ˶ǹЦ
˽ƤҲǹġ
λʦһɡǿɽˡ
ǺãǾֱӵ㡣ɽ룬˿˽䣬˽һʲô
ǼԳʵģÿ߸Ĵ𰸶һ
˽룬ѿڶȻǽħˣʲôѵġ
˻࿴һۣ˵ͷ
ԡ
ڶ⣬ӦѾɮȡڷ⾻̳ʹߣҲǷˡҾһţԷҵĴȱôñȷιӥŻΪɽѯʵ
ʲôȱֲǲ֪ȻǷˣֲЩֻ֪ĺСڷιӥŻذʲô飬ֲ⣬ֲ˽һ˵š
Ǽ˶ǿЦãһȻһαˡ
˰һ£ѯ˼⡣
˵˽Ļشպϡ
һ⡣룬˽䣬˵ΪϷ϶ű·䣬Ͷ̥ģҺðһ䣬ĵϷ϶ô
һʦһ
Ժʰ
˽Ҳһ۾֮гһĨ⡣
ôһشˣ
üͷЩͱ˵ζ
ʦ˽䣬ﰵһﲻᱩ߰ɡ
ǺɫҪ˵Ϸ϶û˽俴ǣȻһ㶼ųЩ鲻ܿ棬ΪԪ˧ͳˮΪϷ϶ͱ½磬Ͷ̥
ǵ˵ͷ˽˵ĲǼٵġ
μ磬ȷʵԼ鱾Ͽô򵥡
ãȻΪ˹˼϶ʦĸܣҲ޷¼㡣룬ȻҲȫ˽ĻҪѯһ϶
ۿûʣվ˽ڰ칫Ϣ
˽˵ͷɧתͷȥˡ
ѯһ϶ʦô˵룬ǲһȥ֪ͨ϶𣬡ˣһλߡ
˵ţǰһϤİ׹
ֻǰһֹ̤¹εĴӰ
ֻӰôôϤ
ѾϳˣЩЦãʿû뵽ּˡ
˫ֺʮλԹ١
ϤӰǹ
ʲôˢôôյ롣
ʿλԵģѯʵ
ͷ
ðɡ̾һѧԺҲ֪ˣҲͲˡϴԣֻ˵ܱǸ㲻ѧԺҪеˡҲôิӵԻˣϴԵ˵ϴ֮У޷¼ȡ㡣
⻰ƺ׼
һȥ֮ϸ˼⣬һε֮УҵΪѧʶǱȽϿǰģʩ¼ȡˣȴѧԺˢˣֻһֿܣҵһЩѧԺ˳ͻ
ǵ˵ͷ֪˵Ĳ
һо
ܵķѧԺʥ̫

ǵǹ˼ת䣬һġ
Բ۷ΪȷʵʺϳΪѧԺʦ
Ҳٳɣڵϴѯҵĵһ⣬˵ʲôҵʱĻشڿຣȥϸ룬ʵб壬Ǿǳ⣬׷һִڣԲľ״̬ΪҲΪԼԻһһ磬һһãһҶһһɰһ֣һһһЦһԵһһ徲
ǵȼλʦŹĻȫɵˡ
ȥ֮󷴸˼Ľ
ȫûҵص㰡
˵ˣ
ʮӣоǱǿˣʿ뵽ڰ칫Ϣ
һѵԼش⡣
ʼնûԼ֮ǰ˵ķ̾룬Ǿؼ˼ĽȻǴһ޹ؽҪ֣⣬ԼشĲ
뿪֮ǵ˶ǿЦá
챻ˢѾˡ̨读δڣ˿Ҳ̲סôһЩ񣬡ʿƪķҾģȫûԼ˼룬ѧԺѧԺѧƶҪˡ
λʦҲǰͷ
ˣһλ߰ɡ˵ţͨϵͳĵλߡ
һ׹ǰһӡ
ӿΧһУƺЩã
Ǽ˿ӣҲ΢΢Щ㵣ΪӵΪ̫ˣ񾳽硣
ϵͳһ䣬ҪôôΪĶС
Ժ㿴⡭ۿǣҲ֪Ǻã˻Ҫô
ԣÿһԼ۷ˣǿ϶Ķ֮룬˵
۵˵ͷ
˿ӣú
Ϊߣϵȿɲ򵥣Ժͽĵ۾ˡ
ӭλμѧԺԣλһҽܡ
˵ţϴЦ⡣
ӱоһɿֲѹȴӦˡ
ҽ磬ĴߡʦҲΪѰǰ·
֣ǵ˶һ

Ǹͨ˵壬ûûȴ˳̶ȵļһ
Ȼ
ɽҲ˽Ժ˺˲ûȴԹֶΣôǿѧԺ֪ʶԺһһ˲ʦˣҾܿܽϹ߳һһ֮·
⻰Ҳǳ˼һ¡
뵽һʣɡ
ѧԺ֮ǰᵽɲǷɽɷ϶һЩһĶ
֮һ
ǰɣԵطˣҪҵ·ѧԺʱ򻺻ڣ֪ǰǺӴ֮еλܷѧԺҪͨѧԺԲС
˵ͷѾ׼
ڼǵ˵ʱҲ֪ԼԵطˡ
ѧԺ棬ҪĶ
ԣܵһʱ𰸡
ʲô
øǿ
ΪѧԺʦҪѧԺô죿
˭ҪѧԺҾ˭
ΪѧԺʦĿϣѧļⲻͬķ㣬ô
ͻ飬˭˭ֻкô

ǵȼλʦʮ⣬һΣǲòѧԺġ
Ψһȱ㣬Ҳ֮ǰ˵Ϊߡ
ˣûˣʦڰ칫ҵȺ򡣡˵ţڿ˳ۡ
š˳ȥ˿ûоΪͣͰһͷĸо
ˣһλߡ룬ʼһλߡ
ǰһ׹һŮӳˡ
ŮվԵúǹ°ŮӵΪҲǸߵĿ£ǶΪ֮㵡
λߣһ򵥵ҽܡۿŮӣҲЩ
ŮϣоһΣա
ŮӾԲ򵥡
˴ۣ硣Ůӻ˵š
֣̲סվ
ǰ˾ȻǸ˴ۣǸ֮Ůӡ
ȻҲμѧԺˡ
ɽҲǸվһŮѧԺԣȫˡ
ӭѧԺĽѾá˵ĴѧԺν̣ǿԸС
ԡ˴۵˵ͷʮָɴࡣ
Ǻáףȥ֪ͨˣȻ׼Խˡ
˴۵ĳֱ֣һϲ
ʱյ϶ĴһˣԺƸΪѧԺʦ
һû뵽϶𲻵ûз˽ѧԺȰ¼˽䡣
˼ˡ
Եλʦˡ
趯º˽䡢˴ȫڡ
˺˴ۣ˿˵ǹһֺܲԤС
ۡ
룬ʾۿˡ
۵˵ͷʿ
һһϲ⺰Լ֣ȻԼҪ¼ȡô
ǵϴξֵľͨġ
ʱֻۻһתǸûͨѧԺԣȫͨˡ
ɵۣ춼ûзӦ


1649 ȫɱˣɱһ룿
ǲô࣬˻־͹صԼ硣
ȵȡ
סǣΪʲôΪʲôң
ֱҪˣڶαˢˡ
ȥԼ롣
˵ţͰѹͻصԼ硣
Ȼö˵
ѧԺ֮趯º˽䡢˴˵ĵٴ
˽䡢趯Լ˴۵˴ѧν̣ºȥ˳вȥСѧ
Ǻ˴۵ĵѧԺǺ䶯һʱ
ҪǺ˴۵Ϊ̫ǿˣҲﵽ񾳽粻˵Һ˴۵һ档
ں˴ѧԺĵ죬һ˰ݷ˺˴ۡ

ңΪħɣ
˴ۿһ۾ͿĹ
ҲǳͬԴ໥ӦѧԺʱѾˡ
˵ͷħȴһֱ޷ͻƵɾ硣ڵ֪ѧԺ֮У̣ʦҡ
˵ĳϿޱȣǹ
ϾѾһͻƵɾ磬һεѹȣͻơ
˴۳˼һ£ȴҡҡͷȻĶħͬһֹڲͬлͬķħѾԳһϤⲿˣҲ޷ֱӵָ㡣ͻƽɾ磬ֻܿԼҪһ㣬ֻǸû޵еĹֻ޵еˣ㲻̫
⻰˳˼֮С
ϸһԼЩȫչЩɥʧԼ뷨
ʱԾָģ˵ľҪīسɹ棬ҪԼ˼룬ҪԼ·
֪ˣллʦ
˻Ȼ
˴ۿЩܴԼ֮УԼĲ㣬ⲻһġ
ͬʱ̻ء
̵˶ڣڵȴʲô
汾ԴѾʼλѾԴӳܵκƣԲֻҪСҲ뿪ӡҽҲٴ֮⣬Ϊ˷ӳױ粼֡һ˵š
̵һλԲ
ߣλԲԼʮλԲԼʮλλ
ֱ֮ǿֲ
⻹ԶԶΪӦ汾Դ֮ľ棬ٴγ֮֡
ΪӭЩ̵Ĳࡣ
ʱ򣬿ռһ󲨶
ֻǰĹ㳡֮ϣȻϰˣЩÿ˵Ϣǿﵽ˲༶
ˡ
ţΪ׵ʱ򣬲֡
Ȼ
֮еķ֮һλ񽫿ɲǴԲΪΪ
ֽᣬԪ֮ǰѾǷ񽫡
ˡ
ǰȥޱȹ˵
һλ֮ɹ񣬲ղ󳼣ҲҪСӦ
ţǰɣҽķֲѾԪĺܲԺ֮Ҹ𣬶Ⱥҽ֮Էܲҽؾǧꡣᵭ˵ţ˿ĸ顣
Ƿ񽫣
ںûзϣֻǻеЩ
ǣˡ
˵ľ
Ȼö˵˺ܿͽӹķֲˣԲжʮһλ֮࣬ÿһλǴսģսŲںս
ԵܸоЩ˺ѱʱǳӡ
ȻЩԹԣȴҲֱԡ
˿ںͲύӣ˿ָֻһ˵ֵҵĵܵܣѾܾöûյѶϢˡ
⻰΢΢ס
ῴ˿ԲΪ汾Դһα֮ǰĶ֡Ϊֲ֮ĸˣԸΪ̳Աһ㶼עʧôãѵûвȥ
⻰ʱˡ
̵ԱϣΪĵܵܡ

ԥȻܲע١
ôߵʱ͸о׹ߣŵһ顣
ﻹҲȫûıҪ
ǾʵԲȷʵܾûлˣΪ֮ǰ֮ĸˣȻܶԴĮġ
˵ţóһ鱨
ҵĹڸʧ鱨ȷʵܹ졣
鱨ݸ˲ᣬ֪ᾹȻǸֳͰԼЩ鱨ʽȥˡ
һӹһ¡
ʵӣ˵ڸʧ֮ǰĵѧԺ˪йһԼĵط
ΪŸʧԼһǲҲͬʱʧˡ
м϶ʲôϵ
ῴ֮Ҳ϶뷨
֮ǰ飬Ҳһֵûɡ
ռأûҵܵܵ鱨룬ʵ
ҵһʱȥռ䣬Ҳ޷ȷλáռҲ϶ʧѧԺϵ󣬺ռϵң˵ǷսĺۼǸطѧԺ˪ҲȥԼ֪ȫ˵˳
ɫѾЩ
ѧԺʲô
˵ţдһĨɱ⣬úΪ֮
֪ɱġ
ѧԺǷ͸ʧйأ϶ŹѧԺνɱŹ
ѧԺ֮һɼǿ񼶱ǿߴ졣ѧԺѾܱ򴴰˸к͸Уţչͷ죬˸ǡҲΪǵЩûʮ֤ݵ£ҲȥѧԺʣԷԷǽŪɳ׾С˵ԼƲĸɸɾ
ȫ˺С˼мͺƽϡ
˵Ѿúص֮ǧ꣬Ҳ
񴴰죿
ЦսɱҲϰλˣѧԺλ񴴰ģûλץҵĵܸܵһѪծѪ
һ
ɱϰλҲֲ̫ˡ
Ӱһȥˡ
ǣȥһѧԺ
˵ţЩӵĲ׷ӦһʱӰɳ˻أֱϵȥ
̻أ˶ǾޱȣΪʲô¡
ҲǾĪ֪Ҫִ
ѧԺץ˸ﻹãǵĻѧԺҲҪ֣֮ʹ˸˶пܡ
ѧԺ֮УڿΡ
ȻȴиӦ
ϰһϿΡ
˳ʱȻ˿ߡ
Ҳᡣ
Ҳˣϴѭ֮ٵ˾֮ġҹء
ܿЩ֮УҵԼҪġ
е˼ȻǸץ˲ƿ֮еĸţѾϤһУ̲µ˸ǱѧԺץˣҪѧԺҪˡȻҶӦ˲١
Щ֪ôˡ
Ǻ֮УȺ貣ε͸ռʱ䣬鲼档
һ˫ɢ˵ɫâ
ϰˣϰɱڣֱϵķ
ˡ
ţĿѾΪ׵Ĳ᣺˺ǿΪӦ񾳽磬˵񾳽ǿ֮⻹Ǻѵģ϶Ҳһ򡣲˸յӾҪѧԺ϶˶޷Ԥ֮ʱڣѧԺ治˭
˵ţǻصѧԺ
ʱĲͣصĸоԼ˿ˡ
ʶΧʮ꣬ҲûзֿԼˡ
ôˣ
һʵЩ档
Ҳͣ
ûʲôҵĴ
룬²Ҳ汾Դע⵽ΪԼϴǼΪıָо
һȺ˼ѧԺٶȸˡ
ѧԺ֮С
˴ʦ
룬һ˹һȺ̵Ĳ೯ѧԺˣЩ߲ƣȥһѵ
˴۵˵ͷԭûѯʡ
룬ǰ龭˵һ顣
˴΢΢ü
̻ǰԵȷʵøһѵ˵ѵҪʲô̶ȣȫɱˣɱһ룿
Ƕʱһ飬˴۲Ǻˡ
ȫɱˣɱһģ˲
ҪΪǶԷڤ粻飬ҲҪɱˣץ˾ͺá˵ţϰٸƿȥţץ֮ⲣƿ֮УȻŵҵİ칫ҵļϣԺһá
˴۵˵ͷǰѼϰߣӦҲһѼ
ֻѼһĲѡ


1650 Ǿ̰
ں˴۵ʵѹ㹻ˡ
󣬺˴۾ͳˡ
ѧԺȥԵκһҲûܵرԶֱӵɽһ
ب˲˵ıؾ֮·ȴǵĵ
ǰһˡ
һʿ˵ţսźżҲźš
˹ȥ
޾֮Уⰵ֯ʱǻҹ⣬һƬ
΢ǹҫ£һŮӣŮӲ֪ʱֵģĳ֣ǰ۳һӨ͸ɢâΧĹߣ֮ԸλʹԪҲȫ˹ȥŮһ߹ȥ֮ϣֳӵķһȻһֻͷЩı۾
ŮӺÿ¡
һ飬ﾳΪȻ͸ŮӵΪ
˵ŮӵΪ϶Զ֮ϡ
Ҫȥôʿ룬ΧŮݲ֮ڣǲ֪Ƿʲôв
ϸ룬Ҳǵճ
ߣȥ
ҧҧϾҲǳһ˲ҵǡ
ǣսȥˡ
Ȼˡ
ŮȻǺ˴ۣ˿սȥ
Χ֮ڵһжʶһ£սȻùʶ
λŮʿ򡣡
룬ǵʮѲ߽ӣػı߽ȫѾĽǹҪмѯܲϣȨȡǿƴʩ
ңȡǿƴʩ
˴Цþûô˼Ļˣѹҵˣ϶С
⻰һ飬ǺÿĻ
˵ʲôʱ˴һ񿴹ʱо궼˳ȥ
̿ޱȣ˵ʲôȴȫǱסɤӡ
ҽк˴ۣȻǱҵġ˴ʮֵĮ˵ϻһЩ۵˹ҪԸǣǵսʲôʧҲֻʮֱǸĸ˵һ䣬Ǿ̰ɡ
˵֮󣬻ջĿ⡣
ʱоԼֻˣĶͷѾǴ󺹡

ʱһɴ⡣
ߣߡ
ŵĲᣬﻹͣ
һ·ռԾʮΣ뿪ǧ꣬ͣ
죬ҽӾ
˵ţͰ㱨ȥ
յϢˣһʱͰʱ˹йþ
˴ۣ
üͷЩŭһ۶ѣȻôţȫʱѾǰˣ֪ٵĲ齵ٵ֮⣬Ҳλع顣ߣҪʲô˽սô˵ҪǸʲôʧ̣ҾȰץ̡
˵ţϵλࡣ

һŮˣתŲϢǲɡ
֮УҲǻһЩãλʵ¡
ǹɭλһλ۾Ȼȥץ˵ȫķʽ
ǹ˻࿴˿˵ͷ
£εǲҲֱӶײ
ţ˾ͳˡ
ǿ֮УѾ뵽
ǰɽˡ
˵ţһŲ֮ɽ򽻽ӵԵ
£Ҳһĸ˹
һ͸оһޱʶס
˭
ɫһ䣬ѭʶԶտȥ
˺˴ۣԷ˿ҲζЦݡ
ˡ
˴˵ţֱӣԺ֪ҪѧԺ鷳ȺǶʱˡ
Ļɫ䣬˾ȻԤ֪Ǵ˴εж
˵ĿѧԺԺ
뵽ʲôҵܸܵأ
Ժļϰš˴ЦЦܿ죬Ҳȥġ
쵰ŭޱȣû뵽˴۾ôˣȫһƱ˼ûС
ʱһɾ˵ɱ⡣
ЩҲǸɢ˾˵ɱ⣬һսӿ
˵ʱλҲˣһ־ͱǰľŵˡ


1651 
ۣ
ǰʲôۣһϢǲɡ
һ඼Ҫǿ
˵Ǹ˴ۣǰ׾ҵˡ
Ů֮ϣһѹƣ϶ܹ
˭ܸңⶼʲôĴڣǹЦҲǲླ׵λˣǾȻһ㶼ŵŮΪָоӻ־һҷŮӶΪ׵Ҳһϵɱ̫ˣֱɱ⣬ֱӾͻᱻ͸񶼻Ѻۡ
ɭͰҲһǰЩ˵Ϊסˡ
ɭǻǵǵûУ˵ŮǰѻЩˡǿһˣһٶˣΪĶǿǲ̫ˡ
⻰ҲЩҡ
ڹģҪһǶŮӶˣ϶޻ء
ۣȥĴۡ޺޵ŮҪǴۣҳʺȻûиͰˣһȥһҪˡ
Ҳ˳ۺܾˡǹ
ڻȥ롣
ȵȵȣôҵһսǴˣǾ̫ϧˡȵһһս뿪ǹȴǵ
ɭͰ˼һ£ҲһսޱȺ档
Ǳߵսһ
ֻԥĶˣź˴һȭǺ˹ȥ
һȭգ֮дڵ壬żǿƻԣǸɢһ㡣
䣡
һȭ˺˴ϣʱȴûлк˴ĸо
Ӱ
˲ԣȻͿ˴Ϊ촷ۡͬʱһӰĲ棬ͬһȭԴ˳ȭͷȥֻ޾ĺڰߡʶȭͷɵˡ
ã
֮ɲǼţΪֺڰ
һȭѾ˸ǰ˼ļ̌ͷӭȥͬʱгһɫĶƣ̻âͼ
飡
˴۵һȭ˶ϣǶһͳһѷ졣
оһСײԼϣʱ˫ֱݣ嶼˿ռ֮С
ţһѪ˳
ǿ
ΨһĸоŮӾŲΪ˵ҪԶǿ

һٶ¶Ǵ׷״ܹѲ
ǹ˴˿̿ҲѪڣ
Ҳֲ̫ˣͬһȭҸоŮӵһȭֱҪһһȭǶҸҿ϶ܻٵһϵɭ˵
ûУһٶ˳ƺǸΪǹ˼һ»ܱƺģֻ֮һˣǾսϵķ񽫡
ʲô˵ӣǷ񽫣𾪲ѡ
ʲôǷ񽫣պչѫɱǿߡ
ˣһ㻹֮ͬеľǿߡ
ΪؼһǷ񽫵ΪٶԲ񣬶ʵԲܻ÷񽫳ƺŵĺ٣˵޼ࡣ
µķ񽫣϶ǻƺźܾˡ
ԣӵΪҲҪǴԲ
ͨ㣬Ÿں˴۵ʵ
սڼ
˴һû˲ᣬȴٴζԲᷢ˹
һ֣ǾǺ飬ޱȡ
ڣ˺
˵ţһٶ˾ȻγһսѺ˴۸Χ
һٶսɱѾ޼䣬һսڻ¡
ս󣬿֮Ǿս
˴˵ţڰ֮УѰƽ֮ҵˣνսʵֻ࣬Ҫҵ˹ؼڣһսҲͲΪ塣
˵ţ־һƾȻŰ֮ΪһӴȥ
Ӳţǵս
ȻǺ˴ɵģ϶ǶԷǵս
䣡
ӦһƱ˴ĳȥȫɢܣһˡ
˴ûɱѭǵ˼Ի׽Ϊ
սƵ˴֮˲ʮ˱ϵΪ޷ж
һ
ʱ򣬲ῴ׼ᣬһԲ鳯ź˴˹ȥ
Բ龹ȻΪһźƵģҪѺ˴۸

˴һ˫ȥƣֻ춼Ӱ
䣡
ջΪһƣȴ޿֮ưǷ˳ȥ
ܣ
һѪ˳֮ܵⷨһĶ࣬û߶ûеֵס

ǱһԵǹһѵŮӺӶ


1652 
ʲôǿǲླ׵ǿߡ
֮УҲǴײˣ˸ҲֻһλԲѡ
ǾȻ￴λǺεȵ𺳡
ѵ񶼿ô
ֱֱ̫ˣǾȻ֮⿴λλŮȻɻһλ񽫼öԷ޻֮ʵһﵽ񾳽۷壬֮жǼµĴڡǹ˵ˣޱȵ𾪣һսǴȥܾӡ
ǰؼλ񶼳˷ȴҲŮһȭɡ£Ǹ޼䣬һǴսġˣɵսûаŮôŮƽ⣬Ȼ֮һ㣬ɾ˵
˴۵ǿƺΪҲΪ֮𺳣ǳ˾塣
С
˴۴˲ķ֮ȴٴιȥ
Ӱһʵĺڹ⣬ƺҪץʲôĶƬǿնֻоƬǿնץڲ
ͷȥƿڱǳ䣬ݡ

ţƴеӭӺ˴۵һơһ֮ôĴôСԿһֻᱻȳࡣ
¡
˴۵һǴӿռ֮ӹʱ򣬾ȻΧನֻоʲôǵ꣬ݺݵظһ˵ǱԴ֮еȥ¶Ϊʹ롣
ֱ˴۵Ĳᣬд
оԼҪ˺ƬԼϵÿһϸҪ飬ԼϾҪ֮ʧһ㡣һҲ˲ʲôˣ߶ȫȫȫѪһ飬۳һͷǿޣź˴۾ͺݺݵײ˹ȥ
䣡
˵ײ֮£ձڵһлΪޡ
ನ¶屻һıĿռ֮Ѫѿ
ǹǶԶԶģನ֮£Ҳ类ľ˳Сֱۣӱ򷭣һѪ˳
ܺã㾹ȻҴ߶񾳽һս˴˵ţĻ汾Դ϶Ѿ㡣汾Դڱ׶Σ޷񾳽Ĳ뵽֮⡣
⻰ŭѣ㣬ƵģֻΪԱѡ
̧ͷգ汾ԴȻˡ
һ׽סҪߡ
Ҹո֮⣬ȥĻһΪЦŭĴʱϷɳһԲ״ķⷨСס
Բ״ķ֮£ϢȻǴռ֮ʧһ㡣汾ԴҲʧȥĿ꣬ȻȻɢȥʱԿԲ״ķ澹ȻһƣǱʲôݺݵҿһѷһ
ֲһ֮⣬ԭķⷨӦʹƵģΪһ汾ԴһѺۡҸоҲΣⷨͻ᳹𻵡˴ۻ˵ţ˲Ϳ˲ⷨá
˵ĶԡʱɫޱȣĻǲ߶ģΪļֵҪһױԴûа취Ϊ˲ǣ֮Уұô
˴۳Ĭǻʲôơ
ûеƵĻ֮϶ɣ֮Ըôһʲô̡
һ̣ɵİա
ȷʵеơ˲ǵѪĻ˵ܣȫˡҲ⣬Ϊϴˢҵĳ裬һҪɱ㡣ֻұȻصӣҲи
˴ЦҲ˵
䣡
ʱֻһѾԼ˵ܡ
ֻȻ仯˲ǴﵽɣϵÿһϸǻΪһСһ㣬˫ĿɢĹâȼյĺǡΧղϵݣǿʼ˱ܡ˫ȭһգһּΪµ죬Сײһ˫һ̤ǿնǲ
ʲô
˴ۿţԵܿʵʮ֮ࡣ
˺˵ĻȴЩ㵵㾹Ȼֶ֪Σѵûȥӣȥս
˴۳ĬѧԺȥֵط
ῴź˴ۣЩأûȥӣǼûȥҸ㣬ֶʵʣںѪӵеںϵģ֮ΪǿľѪ
ԭͦģȻһʵôࡣ
ͦ㾹ȻͦЦ֪֪֮ںѪ˶Ǳ֮Ϊ࣬˶ǳ裬ΪѪһ¡˭ֻ֪Ϊ˱ǿΪսϻȥںѪ˵ż򵥣˭֪ǳе˶ķգʮںѪҲֻһܳɹʧܵ˾ͻ˲˹ֱΪѪͻ⻹һ⣬ǾںѪ³ɹˣΪһڤڤѪų⣬ǵҲİٷ֮һ
ںѪ֮һֽɡ
˵ܣΪһ¶Լں˾ѪܿܳΪʸ֮ġ


1653 һͷ
˴֮ȴûκεı顣
ֻΪ˱ǿںѪûκεĴ󡣿ںѪǾǻڵһų
ⶼûκιϵ
ɣҼʶһǿĹ
˴ۻ˵ţЩڴһ֮ӦҲ޷ӳڶιúϧλᣬʧ
սͬǿһս
ʧ
Цһ֮㲻ʧġΪֻһְƬʹȻʬ嶪ѧԺſڣѧԺԺץҵܵܵ³
ֻһܵܣܲһ
˵ţȫ
ðɫâÿһϸÿһѪҺÿһ缡ⶼɢž˵ٵתһﵽ󸺺ɵĵоƬ֮޾ߣǱˮֵĹѴء
ӶԼƣճȭͷȭͷȼѪɫ棬Ҫʱնմ
󹭣ֳһӣȭͷǼ
еȫ۵һȭ֮ϡ
Χ˿һĻսս
˿ֲԴﵽ񾳽ļ£ٶһǶˡ
ȥɣ
ţӰѾգ˿ռʱķһ͵˺˴۸ǰ
ȭͷ˺˴ۣһȭƺҪʱա
˴ҲǰδеأʱһصƵ˸ıСǻΪһڵ㡣
һ㡣
Ȼȴڵ㶼ûˣǳʧ档
䣡
һƬգһʮ̫ĺԼĹǿգδ֪
һ˲䣬Ǵʮϵ
ǾİЩĴϵһΪֱǺ
⡭⻹񾳽ôҪˡǹޱȻֵ̿˵š
֮еҲģһǿߵһܻһϵ㲻ˡ
ǲ˴ηȻᴩʮϵನʹ׷ԱٵС
ֲ̫ˣǿ˵ƽ
ǸŮˣ̫Դˡ룬һȻλעһȫȻҲƾԷӳǿһڷǺԼǿһ£ѾܲϢˣֱӱԷӣһʬ嶼û
ǰŮղǳʤ׷ӦкܴȡʤġɭҲǵΪ˿ϧ
ţЩҲͬΪ
УῴǰһƬޣҲ϶Լɱ˺˴ۣôû뵽Ҳȫһ֮£ʬ嶼޷Ҳãʡץʬ壬ӵѧԺſڡ
һ̣ǰδеƽ
ɾʱǰƽ֮УȻһ΢Сôأоһɳ䵽˺棬΢ǲϸ鿴Ļעⲻǲ񾳽磬һʱͷ쳣ʶ˹ȥ
ѾһֺܲõԤС
ȻֻǱ΢оȻ֮һ˲ԭ
ڼ֮֮ڣѾĥ̴СһƵģ֮лһӰǺ˴ۡ
˿̵ĺ˴ۿŲᣬȴǻ˵ܺã
һţôǿһ֮һ鶼ûУⲻܡ
Ҳš
ǹǵţȻţ⵽ô£
ͰɭҲǳɻҲ֪˴ģȻ˲ôǿһ
˴ۿ˿ϣԴٴ˲ᣬʱҲûʲô飬ǿһ˺ҡ
˵ţƣ澹Ȼһ˿
ῴ֮ûκεԺǳ裬ܴ衣
ǿһȻöԷһͷ
Ҳб˵ô
Ѿֶȫûбˡ˴ϵ汾Դ˵ţ˵ҪץѧԺ;Ի
ܣҽᱻǣȥסҵġ
زȥˡ˵ţ˴۹ϳ֡
ŲᷢĹֻ֮жȭӰӰÿһܻһϵʵҲˣΧٸϵٵˣһƬ档
飡
ᱻǿգ޻֮
ʱ˴ۿʱˣһƿ


1654 ½
ⲣƿһ˻֪ô¡
ϸǲƿȥƺһʮ
汾ԴѾ˲ᣬǣӶȥΪǣ˵Ǿ޴ޱȣûնֲпܡ
סġ
ţȻں˾Ѫǲսɱ꣬ͶԲأ˵ǲĸ
ǲӲᣬе֪ܡ
ɾʱǿʲôֻ˴۲Ųƿס˲ᣬǲƿͷųһס˲ᣬȻȻն汾ԴͲ֮ϵǣŲᳯŲƿȥҪѲ뵽ƿ֮С

ƴҪ
ҲѾĿɿڴź˴۾Ȼķ汾Դɢ
߾
˴ʱһƵģòᵱһ㱣
ʱ˲ģͱ뵽˲ƿ֮С
ץ˽
ನ¿һĻѹ
ӣ
֪˭˵һ䣬˷׷׳ӶȥΪֻ֪лصӣܰȱȲᡣ
ЩӴܣ˴֪޷ȫץˣҲһץҪ֪Щ棬жʮԲ񾳽ġһʱͳˣʮλÿһʮ֮һһƿסһ£ȻץӰ鲼˴
ź˴лвƿЩһĺ¼ˡ
ǹ˶ԶԶģҲǻֲ̿ѡ
ʮ֮Щ±ץ߰˰ˣ©֮ҲֻԼĪʮҡ
˴۵Щع飬һĲƿУϸȻһ߸ټϲһһ˸
ϧ˼
̾һԼεĳֲǺ⡣
ʱǹ֪˴۵ʶӰط˹
ˡ
˵ţҲЩ
ʲôģȻһ߿ӡ˴ۿˣŭ
ˣĲ࣬ҲǸոմӹڵλ֮ڣǸоо쳣Ծ͹鿴һ£ӵġǹص
˵ˡ
Ǹо쳣ǱɵҺ˴鷳ġʵ˵Ļ˭֪˻᲻˳ְˡ
ô
˴ţȴ˼תˡ
˴뿪ųһǴԵһˡ
ߣȥˡ
һܷŹ
ļһûкǡ
˼˲˾ӵĴҲ˹ǣϾ㺦ȡж౯ҡ
ѧԺ֮У˴ۻˡ
ʦôˡЦЦźˡ
ץһλʮһλ˵ţǰһٶƿܿһӰ
ţܺáǵ˵ͷһӾͰЩƿŵ˼ϣˣȻȥϢѧԺһЩ
á˴˵ţתҪ뿪
Ǹһ¡ǽס˺˴ۡ
£ƺЩ֡
ûˡҡҡͷ
ź˴뿪ЩЦáԭڸոպ˴Ҫ뿪ʱⱻץһλ࣬ȫ˴ѹһգûκмֵĶԺֲǿҪȻס˺˴ۣҲûк˼ڡ
ʮ֮֮С
һ޴½أаڹ곤ɽԣ֮ԣĵط޷ȡ
½½֮еʥء
˿̵½֮УʮһһǱĻˣǲ¡
ǧڣҪǧˣ
˵ţޱȵĽ
ǰһ׵ӣԵݣʵֻһѡ
ϳʮһˣüǲǲ񽫵ôҼǵòѾ֮⣬ҽ֮ˡӦûȥãôھͻˣ
⡭
ʮһ˶ԥǸҰʵ߽ӡ
ҪǧˣǻԭҲֻܸˡʱһվ˵֮һص̾ǧҪһԭǧǲʦ
֮в٣ϵβ£Ӱ쵽ǧ
ҲֻǧѰİ


1655 λ
ӳ˼һ£˵ͷ

µ϶СȻ
˵ţзһص޷⡣
ʮһӶ֪ǧһ⴫ϢʽһԼܣᱻ˽ȡ
Ѿˡ
л
ʮһ˹˹֣վһߵȺ
ʱȥһ֮
һ޴Ĺ֮У⹬һصľͼڣľϵ̴֦գƺ̽뵽һĴԪ硣
ǹ졣
֪ˣȻǧı塣
ڹΨһһλϣһӺȻ۾˸һĨɫĹâӳǴ
ӸоʲôһץȻһĶС
ǽӵĴ
صĴʽȻ֮ͣУ˵
Ĳ£
ȻҲǧ˿üͷǲˣȻĲ²ҡ
˵ţͨһӦֶȥ֪λá
˼ӵĿռ䣬һ·֮⣬Ȼٴδ󵽴ϵ˵λá
Ǿʱһεסĸ֪ò
ʲôط
ţЩ
֪֮ĵط϶򵥡
òҡ
ǧ˵ţ˽ӶС
ǣˡ
ӦȻ˿ʮһˣǽȥɣмɲҪ죬ʲôǾͻشʲô
֪
ʮһ˵˵ͷǧ񹬵Ĺء
Сģʮһ˵ǧĹ
ᵽ׳ʲô飿
ǧʮһˣֱӾǵ
ʮһͰԭί˵һ顣
ǧϸţϲѾǷŭ֮ɫһѧԺ֪ðģȻץ̵ķ񽫡
ƺܴ͸ʣȻʮһ˶Դ˵ġ
˾Ƚһ
ʮһ
ҵĵӣȻǧ룬ҵңѧԺץ̵ˣּķ񽫶һʦץˣѧԺ϶򵥡ȥѧԺĵϸȻȻ취ӪȲġ
лˡʮһ˸м
ţǧӰһˡ
һصɽ壬ɽ֮ϾȻϥһӡ
ϸӵ۾Ȼ֮ࡣ

ǧ˵ţһ·ӵĶ棺֪һʵ
ʲô
ҲڣЩɳơ
ֻ֮һֽѧԺǧ
ѧԺ˼һ£ԣ֪ҵĹصģһһһױԴ𡣡
Ҷǧӵص֪ͨ鱾֮£ȻҪ汾ԴɡҪЩ꣬Ҳٺ
˵ţǧóһصĽӣżȻõһ֮ΪԪȽһױԴ
˵ͷʱֻ۾Ǳû
ǰɹϢһϢǱ˼01һЩϢʵǱ֮еһݣҲַֻ˲ܶȡ
ϢƺҪʵ廯ˣȫһݺ
˰Сʱʧ
нˣǧ
Ҵ֮жȡϢѧԺǿӦһλĿǰ֮С룬ش
ǿ߻֮⣬ѧԺȻӣ֪˭ô
֪Ҳֻܸ֪Ĵڣ޷ȷ˭ҵľﵽླ˽񡣡
ླ˽׵ô״ﵽģֻҪ֪Էı֮ˡǧ˵һȻţҵĵӶץǻĲͷˡ
ѧԺץĵӣȵ
һС£ܽ˵ţǧ뿪ˡ
ǧıӰüͷѧԺǿӦֻһ֮лȡѧԺϢʱôֱӵĸо˸ոʶһ
Щףֻ۾ȫˡ
صԼĹ֮Уǧٴټ˲µʮһˣѧԺѾָƣǺҲһѡڲԼһٶλº͵ܸܵﶼѧԺУҲֱӾʹѧԺ룬ʱȰѲӪȳҵһܣԷӳȫʵһϻһ˴ȥѧԺҪˣѧԺͷŲˣԴвĻѧԺȻ


1656 
˵ţǧ򡣡
Ա߳һ߽ӽףźۣһ˫ۣӼ⣬ʴ춼쳤˲ϵӡ
ǧǰµˡ
ǧū֮һ
֮Уˣݺ͵λ
֮һص壬֮Ϊ壬ΪǧѾʮԪˣĿǰǴԲ۷Ϊ
ʵһȴǲС
ҵķȥһ֮⣬ѧԺԺ̵ȫˡǧ˵
ǣˡӦ

ѧԺ֮С
ǳϿξһЩϵоÿĵҲܳʵ
İ칫֮У̧ͷ˿ǼӣȻ˹̵˻ô
Ǹоˣ֮УһϢϢǲǴѶһַʽͬҲֻвܽյ
˵򴫵ݹģֻΪѧԺԺ
ϾѧԺһĴԪ֮УҲִϢķʽֻҪѧԺһʦյˣһǵġ
ӰһǾ֮С
ǵԵһվޱ顣
Ȼһɿռ䲨
˵Ҫҡ
ǵĴӿռ֮˳һƵӡ
ǣǵϢҲôǿǺȵѧԺԺǺôĵӣȻץ˵ĵӡڻϴѵҪҼ˰ѧԺƽ
ƺǿԵʮֵ¡
ǲЦˣ£ԼˡǰװʲôβǣҸץᣬȻĴ㡣
⻰ɫ
û뵽ǾȻǿƣ޺޵̫磬Ȼ޷ٵ֮⣬ǲԺ󲻿ԡ
֮Աǣв˭ء
ٵ֮ôˣѵѧԺûˡ
ֻ˵ЩϻģֻܰҲ׽ˡǵĮ˵š
㡭ŭޱȣǼֱ޷ˣãҳҼȷʵ޷֮⣬Ҽ˿֮еķʵǿѧԺҼˣԺѵͲҼ˱Ҽ˿ԸһϴĻᣬֻҪץ֮ˣҼ˿Լ̡
ǲǺˡ
·ˣ˵˼̣û˵̡̼
ʱԽٵ֮ʱһɱԷɲ˿
Ȼ˵̣Ҳš
ֳ֮ŵֵǮģ˭˭ɵˡ
ҼѾµˣץôֲɱΪɱԺ󱨸̺ͽ⣬õĻᣬϾץôˣҲֻȲѶѣΪϴ̣Ȼеġǧ˼óĽۡ
ץ˲ɱֻһֿܣǾǲɱ
Ǻǡǻô˵
ֻһΣϸˡв
ÿˡʱҡͷ̫ˣץ̵˲ɱΪǱΪҲϲɱˡǼȻѧԺǳȥҲûа취Ǿñȥɡ
ȥɫ΢䡣
һᰴΪһۣñȲֲླ׵˵ҲҪһױԴЩԲΪģһһױԴˡǵȫ۽һ
롣򲻵˵꣬Ѿŭ浱ҼѧԺûа취Ȼ֪ѧԺģǿ϶ڵڵƬռ䡣ҼʱѾĴ㣬Ҽ˵һܣҼ˵һһĹ֮ûܽӵ¡ѧԺȷʵĴڣѧԺλӰɣ
˵ţһСˣǳ༸ǧһģһ
ǲüͷֶεһʼ˵˵ĻѧԺ̵ĶԹҲǺŪ˵ˡģȷ̵ˣ϶߶ܣʱһǷʤò˵˻Ǻúݶ˼
ǧĴ㡣
һĬˡ
ˣȻھѧԺΪɻңҸһһϵΪޣʱ򲻽ѧԺǵ඼ҪΪʷߵЩ׺ݡ
֮ȴЦˣѵô϶ѧԺ֮Уûܽһģ
ôѧԺΨһһҲӡ϶ޱȵ


1657 㻹ڵʲô
ȴҡҡͷ֪˴ŪѧԺЩ鱨ȻΪѧԺֻһ֮Сֻ˵һ䣬˶ѧԺһ֪ѧԺҪǿȻΪǸǿЦô
򲻾һĵ׻̿֡
ܿѧԺһжѾҼ˿ҿƣһơ治֪ټԪΪ֮еľͷ֮һһ֪ոСѧԺԺġ汾Դڱӻǿ棬ͷѧԺѧԺ˶׽ˣﻹּۻһ㡣
Ǻǣ
̵ĵ̣˽⡣
Įޱȵ˵ţһ䣬˽Ȼھʹ߶˵ķܣѧԺľӪһлΪС
ôˣˡ
˾ˣʮڲ࣬ȻҼ˵ĵ֮һҼеӳˣ񾳽ҲвڰˣһҼ˻ôҲҼ˵ӣҼ˵ӣȻҼ˶ǡ
Į˵ţѲ˵ҪԱһĲֵ
֪ԲҲǧô񾳽ĵӣǲеٮٮߣõļ֮һȻԲһʱַ֣ʽϾǰˣܱ˸ᲨֱӶѧԺһ
Ȼ㶼˵ˣǾͶְɡЦˣ˵ʲô㶼ѧԺװģǾͿ˵һܻܲѧԺ˵֮ʧ̫ΪˣҲһֻļʶѧԺǿǲŻẦ£Ż֪ѧԺǡ
ɫ΢䣬û뵽ǾȻĸǷ
ѵѧԺΧ
㰡ˣ㻹ڵʲôǺϾ˵
浱Ҳҡŭһ뵽ǧķ֮УֻǷܷҫ۵̹⣬ϵرת˲򣬡û뵽ȻߵһųҼ˵ŭɡһһϵΪʷ
ţҵҪλϵЦЦ
ͷȻҿڳԡ˵ţֻǧѾ뵽֮Уޱ飬ϵϣƬǿմ˿̶ޱȵıеһзǶһ֮һЩϸʲôģȫһ˲ʧȥ
һЩҲ˲䱻ľͷΪ˷۳
֪ˣ
ǧķܷ˱һ
Ȼ
ֻܻһޱǿγһţһСһ㡣
򿴵˲ԶϵԶԶġ
ҲЩȣû뵽ǧһȻô£һըҪϵը˵˵ȥԭֻ˵ͼֶΣΪһ漰Ŀֲ
ǿǿȣȷʵ񾳽Եġ
ϵΪֲ壬ǿҵĿռ䲨˶㷲һֶΣյıܸӦ
ߣѧԺǿԶһ٣ϵ϶ữΪɻҡⲻ֪ߵغѧԺԺҵˣһѵ㹻Ļˣ˵˻һ·ȻȴҲϣ˭˶Ҫۡ
վ֮Уȴϵĸ
ɾʱλѧԺԺ˶Է֮кȻɳһ޴¯ӰƲ󣬵ȴһһ㣬ǻһһɷֻ֪һеľޣҪԪ涼̵ΪԼʳ
ҪʲôãˣֲԤС
Ҳʱ޴¯͵ſһƵģȻǧ۵ȥȻһȥ칷ʳգǧĿ̵ܷˡǧ۵¯֮Уײ¯ľϵûӾû˶Ȼ¯ƺһƵģ³һǧķܡ
Ѿûȫһżһ
ʱһ¯ٴ֮Уһץǧķܾ䵽С
ôܣ
򲻸ţһͱôɽˣǲ̫Ϸˡ
˼ģȴתҪӡ


1658 նԻ
ǲһЦӣǲ̫ˡȻսնʹһɲʹҲɱ㣬Ҳ׽ˣʱ򿴿˻᲻ҲԸ⻻ȥ
ȻҲ˽һЩǸ˵
ߣ˿ֻһָоǾԼϢˣѧԺ֮֮Ҳ
ѧԺλԺ
ɾʱ֮һɫƿԽռ䣬а״Сץ˹
ܿϵĺëѪҺԼһ

߶еֵȴһ붼ûмס
ҫɫʧڿС
ǿ˿ԼģһһվţȴζѲ
ʲô֣
ѯʵ磬лصš
ȴңȻҼģȻһ᲻úġ
ʱ򣬾Ȼڳԡҡҡͷָһһˮ뵽֮Уȴǿһֻ֮ˮƺƵкˮƺǿٵصĵһˮԴŲ˼ĺ֮ˮĳ֮£о嶼Ҫֽ⣬Ҫڻ˾ˮһҪ
ˮоֻаˣȫû֪
ʲô֣
ƺһħһ
򣿡
˵ţȻĵ׵뷨ֲ̿ѣš
˵أ
ѯʵвԾظֳǧ֣ʱֱԷ֪ˡ
ԭǧ
˵ţȻǷֲ˵ĵΪѧԺ
ʲô
ô֪뷨
ǵȴڵǰֶΣ֮Ϊֻܶȡͨ˵뷨ƿضӦַ򣬲ǵ뷨ǿԶȡġ
˶򣿡סܣԲôܵסҼ˵һ
ֻյһַ򡣡ǵ˵ţķܶ࣬Щֶβ벻飬ˣѯ㣬ҡڼشҵ⣬ô֪ѧԺ֪ռҲֻ񾳽֮µ鱨漰񾳵鱨ǾѾռҲûǸȥѼˡ
ش𣬿Щ𰸻᲻ԾظԺȻǻȡ
Сʱ֮ǵõԼ֪һУллϣһһѧԺԸȥ㻹ػɵĻᣬ˲Ը⣬ƿĹޡ
˵ţóһƿ˽ȥ
ʱֿǧķܣȻһ棬ȴǴԽʱգĸ룬̵ĲֶΣֱӽٵ½ǧĹ
ǧ
ǵ쳹ǧĹڤ״̬֮еǧɫ䡣
˭
ǧŭȵǰȥ͸ռ䣬վеǡ
ңѧԺԺ
ǵ˵ţϴЩЦ⣺ūѧԺϵ浱ûƢô
ѧԺԺ
ǧǰδе侲ǾȻܸսٵ½նԻǵΪֶΡ
ҡ
ǵĮ˵ţܷӡһѾһ⣬ҲҸ׽ˣһͬѧԺηѧԺѧԺȴǺ浱֮У̾޵еˡѧԺ˲Ҳˣ´ΣҿɲڶԿ֮˶ãȰ֮ķֲȫ˵
˵ǧԵܸоǵǹɺεвɱ⡣
㡭
ǧ˵ʲôȴǿǵﲻһ⡣
ʲô㣬һССķһ㡣Щ˵ߣЩץˣñ꣬ǲȵĻһȥУһ䣬ѧԺһ֪
˵꣬նϵ
֮еǧʱɫףովȻоһΣһصĸӦƺѧԺΪУԼͻһ
ϸһ£ȴǵӶˡ
Ծأ˵Ǿ䡮ѧԺһ֪ѵѧԺһЩ֪ĵ̡


1659 
ò˵ѾȫǸסˣȻûдﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣڶѧԺٶֵĻȴҲҪúõһˡ
Ӱһǧ뿪ԼĹ
ȻϤɽ壬ۿա
ˣң
ǧɫܲõ˵ţȾ;ϢǼٵģȻѧԺ֮ôгԽ񾳽Ĵڡ
üͷǧ֣ʲô˼
˼ģǧͰԼ˵һ飬ǧ˵꣬Ĭˡ
㻹ʲô˵ġ
ǧ޺޵Ƹ
ʱֻһǧʱĳͣһϢ⣬Ԫ㡣
˵ţǴԪɵǧС
һ仰ϢͰҴˣ㵱ʲôˣǧߵ
㻹ô۾֮һĨ׹⣬ѧԺϢҲҹƭ㣬ֻһֿǿĴڹѧԺϢҵ鷳ѵҸֲʧɡȻΪ㣬Ҳûʲôɽ֮Ƿ٣ֻҪ˵һ䣬ù
ǧ⻰ɫ΢䡣
֪˵ʵûʲôǿĴڹѧԺϢ϶
ߣ
ǧתˣ֪ԼƤȥҲ䲻ʲôô
Ǹոջصǧ񹬣յһϢ˵ȥ̵ĵ¡
϶¶ˡ
ǧüͷǲˬ
Ϊ˰ԼĵӲᵽ֮⣬ֲ֮Ǹ˾޴ĴۣΪľ汾Դ򳹵ױʱ򣬿ΪԼһȻֻû뵽յ֮⣬ȴǾͱѧԺһλʦܻ׽ˣЩִ˿̾Իûѡ
һ·̵Ҵʵһÿһλһɽ塣
ǧ֣ɵĺ¡
ոչһ˵ŵʱȻʹÿռ䶼һĲơ
ǧѭȥߵħʲô˼
˵ţһɽλ
ΧȻа˸ӣһҲϢǿ
Щ㲻᲻ʶɣ
ħһǣ˫һûйͷƵģ˫ȳųëǴģֻһڶͶʮһˣǲ¡
ǧһ㾹ȻҵץˣǺôĵӡ
ħҲʾֻǹɲץԼ˰ɣŻΪҰץġ
˵ţԣʱһӺȻһõɽλ档
ɡ
һ֣˶ɫһ䡣
ļ
ǧľ˷׷
ļÿ˶Ĵη壬ҪԴļʵǾŸ˾Ǽһ𣬶δκεļ
ļҲ½ĸˣ񲻳ļȨν
ʱħļ档ǧټĵӲ֮ҽ̷ֲǲȴһѧԺڻ׽ֱҽ̵ĳ衣Ҿöǲ̵޷Ӧ÷ϳǧԱϯλ
⻰һŵĿħ
̾ʮλԱ㿪ھҪϵһҪǧ
ħգ飬˵ʲôǧŭһ׺ݣҪ
ðħվȴһ㶼ӳ
ﵱʲôطˣ¡ļɫãľѾ˽⡣ᵽҽ̵ֲ֮çײûŪѧԺʵ£óȻѧԺܻ׽ʵҽ̳衣ǧֶԸѧԺҲͬԭ򣬵Ҳʧܸգγʧ֮УǧȻҲһΣҪ˵ϳԱϯλȴЩ̫ˡ
ϸţļ˼
ȣѧԺûд˵κֶûǱѧԺ׽ˣǾʹˡǧһԭͬǳʧˡΣϳǧԱϯλ̫أܺһЩĴ
Ҫһٴ֮ҽ̷ֲˣϵҽ֮Ĳ֣֮ءһδѧԺѧԺ̵ϣҪԳͽ䡣ļ˵š
ħƺ͵ȴһ̣ҵĵп˹ҽ֮ķֲ
ϴȥӵѡħĵп˹ѡ͸ڶλᡣ
̷ֲ֮һκ˴ѵķ⡣


1660 
ħĻ䣬ǧǵҷԣп˹ı£á
⻰ħֱ
ǲħԱߵһŮӺߵǧ֣ĵӲᵹǱ˵ıǽôյ֮ͱһ֪ѧԺ׽ˡ
⻰ǧɫͨ죬Ҫ쭡
һп˹Ȼʵһ㣬֮ǰĲᣬǺȵҲΪֲ֮ѡ
ţλ֧п˹
ǧ￴϶Щ˴Э飬Ѿħ
ȻˣǾп˹˵ҽֲ֮򡣡ļѶҲƫǧˣڻһζԸѧԺ
ȻֱӴȥѧԺ֮ʧ˵
ߣ˵ףѧԺԶ֮⣬ЩȥôѧԺ֮ʧǧʱ򿴵˵Ǹո֧п˹һλ䳰ȷһѧԺ֪ʹʲôֶΣѾһλ͵֮⣬ǳҲһλȥȻ֮ѧԺĶ֡
ǧ֣ǲʧǣڶû֮⣬ѧԺħպߵ
ߣҾ֪㲻ţѧԺûô򵥡Ǹո֮зһУѧԺԺ֪ĿԽʱսٵҵ񹬣Ѿҷ˾档ֻǿϧԷ֪õʲôֶΣûа취¼ӰֻһЩȱƬΣҲˡ˵ţǧǷһģ¼ƵģǵĽ̸ݷ˳
һȺţ㶼Ǳɫ
˾Ȼ֪½ǾȻûԷΪ֪
˼ֱ̫ˡһλȵŭѡ
ѧԺĲ򵥣ѧԺԺ˵һ䡮ѧԺһ֪ȴĺܣƺ֪ǧֻ¼ǵݣġļ뵽˸֮࣬вһЩȥ֮⿪ɣѧԺĪ֮һ
񣿡ǧȼλһЩš
ӳ飬ΪѧԺ֮ļƻļ룬˾汾Դһ֮ǰûŪѧԺĵϸ֮ǰҪٶѧԺȡκж֮вһЩؼвٵĽɾΪĴڣʤˣҲɱһǧ˰١
ħƺЩɣļľҲҷ
ļ̵֮ȽƣǾ޷ȵġ
ǲǣǧ˼һ£ʵ
ѧԺȻûɱǣԺҲûеͻȻɱˡļ˰֣ȥѲǾԲܵġ
֪ˡǧﲻ֪˼ʲô

ϵ
ǲ֪һУҲµ϶
һ֮ǼһǧʹߣԷλΪĿΪز
ûΪԷ˵Լ
زҪһױԴҪһһױԴȻֵ൱Ҳԡ
Էˣһȴֻˡ
һױԴһǹɫģѪһ·ǹһֺϡٵʯɣ΢һܶաǹⳤǹֻҪ㹻Դ͸壬ֵ൱һױԴˡڶǧֻĴԪԴһ㣬ϡ٣Ҳû˵ʲô

һǰͳƿ
Է˿ƿӰžһ̲ͣ뿪ˣǷһ
һֱƿǧУǧⲣƿأܿǧַɵһռ֡漴ƿĲȴûг룬һƿоûʲôƿһƬƬģԾһͨĲƿʱĲ˳
ˣ
ʦ𣡡
򿴵ǰ֮ˣǹµ
ǻΪǧѾѧԺžǳǽǧ˵һ飬˾㶼Ǿֲѡ
ѧԺ֮ʵ̫ǿνǿѹͷߣǵĳԺٱǧοҲǴѪˣ뻹Щۣ⻹ܺ˵ȻҪ˳Цһȫ磬ȡͻƵ񾳽磬ŲһôĴ۾ǳ
ǡӦǧǸмޱȡ


1661 ֮
һپʮ
ھ̵֮ѧԺǰδе̫ƽҲ׵
ֻǿϧεƸȻûдﵽ
Щ棬ѧԺ˴ѧչ죬ΧҲչ˴ϵЩСŵȥͳһǣκεһͶĲԣڽ򲢲ôԣĿǰӵеѾ㹻ҪռݵĽҲϵ
߽ǣţ17š
ʮǰģĿǰа˿ڣڵ֮ǰһ١
ΪĹȽȻеĹԱڹ˿ռ֮һǻϵı
Ϻͨһҵ֣֮Ϊ֡
̵꣬µͨķװ꣬ϵһЩҩͱ꣬νȫӦоСڽֵĺһЩסլ౾Ҳǲ塣
һдš񹦸󡯵С̣ԵЩ塣ҵ̵ϰ屾֪ʲô˵ԼȽϲĻԸԼһеɫĻ֣ʤ
죬µһ졣
ʤճԼ̵ĴţΪֻǸոռϵΰáСſڣֱС棬ҵ̵Ų֪ʲôˣ˼ĻۣԵúѿ˼һ£ķֻЩСһʧˣϵĻҲ޸ˣһָֻӡ
ţԼηźãȻԼһ裬ֽ࣬Ҳӵġ˵Ǽʱ֮ǰǺһֲ裬Ҳ֪Ǽ١
ſڣ·ʤк
ϰ壬ֳɹ̫ˡ
ʤӣ⡮񹦸ɶʱ򵹱գ
ϰ壬ֳƭˡ
һȺ˵ţʤҲֻЦʲôƭˣһؼǶΪߵ۾
ֻ⻰ֻԱߵĹЦڶûһλߣ˵۾ˡ
磬ĺͯԼĪʮһꡣ
ϰ壬ҪμѧԺСѧˣʲô񹦣ͨ˵ģóǳ򡣡
ԶԶԣϴǿһȭǴ󣬿Ƿƨβڸˡ
ǰ㲻֪弪ôƺǸŵܣӮӮˣÿȥһƾͷһƨ˷ΪѧУƨˡ
мǸСкӦþ弪˿Ѿεͨ졣
ʤ˿СƨúЦСƨӦĳˡ
վӼϸ˷ŪһؼֻдšʮơⱾؼɲˣǿѧԺСѧؼ֮һ֮һƾһ֮ƾǶ֮ƾ֮ÿһƶǰһһʮƵʱǲ֪Ƕ֮뵽ʱ˭Ƕ֡
Сƨļѣ
Ҫѧ
˼ͬʱ˵۾ǿ
ʤʱٺһЦԣˣϹؿһСʱһǧҡ
С˵ͷӶ˰óһǧҡ
Ա߲ٵϰ嶼Ͷ˱ĵĿ⣬ʤƭСӵ飬Ͳǵһμˡ
쵰ͻƭСӡ
һϰ޺޵ЩĿʤ
ʱȥܿһСʱȥˣСӿ棬ȴʮ֮һûпꡣ
ǡٿһСʱ
СҧҧԼ¸µѶ˳
ãã
ʤЦİǧҸյԼĿڴ
ƭӡ
ֹкǱġ
ɾʱ򣬵ſȴǲ֪ʱһӣףȫģǵϵĺˣı󻹱һѵ
ӳֵһ˲䣬ʤɫ΢䡣
ʤ
ӻڣЩõһλ֮ӾȻ㵽ͨˣ涪֮ӵٸһѡĻᣬҪôˣҪôͰõ汾Դ򽻳
ʤĬˡ
ֻһϵͨˣԵɺ֮ȴ汾Դʱںһ汾Դ򣬴ӶΪһλ顣ʱ棬֪ζʲôֻƾԼ뷨Լ򣬷չԼ壬ǺþܿҵҲںһűԴĲ࣬ʤЩں汾Դ˶֮ӣӦŽһ𣬾һ˵ʤ뿪Լ򣬾;ܾ˶Էֻ˭֪˾Ȼ߳ŭԥĻٵʤĸǣ壬һҪʤںϵ汾Դ
գԷûʤ汾Դʤˣһ·زصڵıԵ
ֻû뵽Էٴҵ


1662 ĳͷ
ʤӣɱ⣺ҵҵ壬Ҽˣ֪֪Ҽһ̣ôɱ㣬ºͬھҶϧ
˵ţһɱ˺ܾõŭٴȼ
ЦЩ̵ĿʤǸ߿ˣʤǶں汾Դ֮ӣļ̳ˣڻ壬Щ͵ȵĴڣΪ֮֮󣬾ӦóһϡҿЩ͵ȵļһ𣬰нѳӦøмҲǡ
Ҹмԡʤ̲ס
ûϵ֮ôֻǻûӦԼݣӦ֮׿ͻᷢǰԼǶô޴ʱмҵģΪֻڽ񣬶Щ͵ӼôһλˣֻҪԸˣͿԻȻɣǲˡ
ҿ׵ĸ㣬Ҿܼˡʤ˵
⣬ɫ䣺ڤ粻飬Ǵˡ
˵ţϱһɼǿơ֮£ǰĵ̼̮ҲǱһʮĴϯһ̵ͽϵ˶Ƿ졣ɾʱһ޵ĺҫĺߴռǣһߵˣǷŷһסǣʹǲǿǿռ֮С

ϵϰ忴ǸϤӰǲǱǳ֮ΪƭӵļһôȻ־ԼôܡרſƭСѵĻ쵰ôһλΪľǿߡһ⾳ĵϰиǾ⾳۷Ϊ֮¶Ǻ޷֮ʤȴܺɾôˣʤʲôΪҲһλ߰ɡ
޴ֱʱû뵽㾹ȻҷȥЩ֣ǳΪ֮ӣȻҲǼһҸı䲻㣬Ǿֻɱ㣬ȡ汾Դ򡣡˵ţس˱սֻһޱȣ濪У̻һս
ʤɱʢսϤˣӾս塣ڱ۾ԼһѪ֮еָԺ
ǵ֪ܲʲôĴڣҿڵĸ㣬ڵ£ûк³ǳȥ̫һսҲãҲáʤһ£һ˿֮һϣҲҪһ
в򣬻һССҾһͼҲû˸˵ʲôԸҸһӡ˵ţһɳ죬ֱ޾֮Уټ
ʤһһЩǣȫСѾߣ˿ЩݵĿ֪ʤˡǰЩʤСϰǣҲ¶˲֮ɫֱʤ۾
λʤԲˡʤЩ˵Ϊҵԭ򣬴ֲŻᱻٵʤ˴βһ⳥ҵʧ
λϰҪʤ⳥ֱֲӿڡ
ʤֿ˿λСѣҵ֮Сĳͣʱҵƺô塣ڴ˴˲û뵽ڱѰһȥܾҲزˣⱾʮơЩؼͶ͸ˡʵЩؼѧԺģֻϲѧԺ˵Ļͱеؼ֣ȡЩؼʵȫԼģ͵һοɡ
˵ţСһԴ
ȻٿȥʱʤѾһɳ죬ֱڤټͯǰȴǰڷ˺üٱؼҲ˵ģǱŵ书֣ñȭתơǬŲơ貨΢צ֡䡢¾Žơ񹦡
޾֮С
ӿʤЦܺãο治ˡ
ʤһһѽһҫ⡣ЩоĻпһֱǰ֮֮˧ʤȻûһ㽣ӲȣȴǹĪ⣬仯޶ˣʺʤǿԴ첻ܡ
ȻԼıܺáӿʤûзʲôصģһıԴ㲻ϣʵϵĲ࣬ʹĽױԴûáȻ֮ӣںһ汾Դ򣬿ǺնɱλԸ˵ˣںϵ汾Դֵõ˴ʼʹ͵汾ԴΪƽླ׵λ񾳽硣նɱ㣬ں汾ԴҾһͻƵλ񾳽硣
˵ţǼ֮ɫ
ɣҲҪΪȥ˸𡣡ʤ˵ţɫ䡣
𣿡ЦеսȻӶʤȥʤ׼еһӣ˸⣬һƣסӵһ
ĿԣӶݺݵ֮ӣѡ֮ˣЩҵУǵҡҽµĲҽкĿˣʱһСŮҵĴȣ˵磬ǰɡҿȻƺΪ磬ֱ£ˡ£ɱһ꣬ʲôûĳͷ
ӵĻʤ۾Ѫ죬ڵѪѾŭɶ


1663 ͬ
Ҫɱ㣡ʤеӶһ˵Ľֱӳӵؿնȥ
˱ȻһˣʱǸʱǻֻʹʯͷ˵ţսһӾ͵סʤȻ͵عעеȥһɿֲһԪѹʤϣʱѹʤֱǿ׹ȥʱӼЦûӶ٣ôС
飡
ʤ˫̤գ˾˵죬ֻŲ˿ռ֮һȶԼ塣Ǿ17ǣţǣˣȥͻײ
Ӱһʤسӷ˹
ϵػӶתγһУһһеľޡӿţ¶һĨȵɫΪʤһоȻ˵ˣУ϶ˡͬʱʤȻҲˣûͣٶǰʵ
üͷеսնȥһâпУҲΧдתСһУȻһһʤ
䣡
ʤֵʵ̫Сֱ˻ȥһҲؿڣһԼ˿ڡһٴλӶ綾һҪӵ壬ȴǽżһѵˮһ㣬Զ˰ʤӴĻᡣ
̶ӼЦٴγʤ˹ʤԵУһᶼʤ˾ٸʤѪһҪĥʤֻһĹ򣬾ʤ˺ۣء
Ʋϵؼأʤ۾
ӿʱˣʤһʱûѡٴһԹֱʤһӰеעս֮УһֱʤؿҪ״ݻ٣ʱʤɡһѾޱȽӽʤâӳʤ԰׵Щ⡣
ɾʱʤ΢յ˫ۺȻ˵ĺ⡣֮ȻһתһٰʮȣηĳӭȥֱӴȥһèãɱһǧ˰ٵƣȫûзӦֻоһâѾʤС̽Լؿڡ
쵰㾹Ȼͬھ
ȻԸʤһˣѾܲۿһҪ̴ʤʤһ϶ҲҪ֮Уʱͬʱ٣Ǳɡ
ʤȴޱȵ̹ȻѾΪ׼
һʵҲԴģֽͬ١õ֮УͤСͬ١ͬھ
һжɡ
ʤĽĴԼС˹ȥ˿֪ʹһһֻ̣һָоɹˣˣҲȥԼˡ
ҲŲҪһ
ɫؼһ˲䣬ֱԼս˴̴ʤ̶˫ֳʤץȥƴֹʤһһ̣ƴһɱʤҲҪסԼ˫ץʤĽֱӱ¶ɭɭİ׹ǣҲʹĳ鴤
ȴ֣߬ĸˡ
ǵְ취Чˣסʤһȡǲ֮һķӦʱ䡣˿̵ʤҲЩȻǼĲģ֮еȫӿ˳ڿή˰Լȫע֮Уӳ˵ĺ⣬ˢһӾͰӵƸնˣȻӵ壬˺塣

ţɫ
Ӵ˿ȴǡಡһ˺˰֮һķӦʱҪã˲䣬ʤһʶ֮£ܹԼ涼һʤµ˺ۣ°֮һ񽣣ͻᱻʤʱеΪữΪС
Ҫ
ţҪһû뵽ԼʤСû˫ֱնϣ屻٣ҲҪָܻ
ʧô
ʤţץǿɬԼŬľԼͬھˣкȥԼˡ۾Ѿˣغأʣǿվر۾ź浹ˣһʬ֮С
ӿһʤ
ȡ˸ղŵĽѵûмŻɱʤ̽˼֮ȷʤȷʵûκηһԥնԴҪʤնסѾˣҪʤԴƺֻϴˢԼܴ衣
ɣ
ţһѾʤϡ
ʱͻռ֮кȻһӰ͵ؾǳһ˹һӵǵֵһս棬Ȼ˽ײһȻ͸оһޱȾ޴Ϯ޷֮ĵɳȥ
ѵ̧ͷȥһӵʤǰ


1664 ˲ô
ӿЦЦֲĸоԾĳźȻſڵʲôˣ
⻰Цˡ
ҽ񣬵Ѳʹ֮һǵĽ֮ڣҪıɱǵĹ񣬶һٵ17ǣţϵһֵ֪֪ԼѾǵķɡҲ񻺻˵ţԲڿЦ
ɣȻ뵽ֿܣôҲû뵽ԷڹؼʱʤȻֻΪʤǵĹ֪һ飬ôĹˡ
֪֪˭̲סŭ
֪Ҳ֪񻺻˵ţޱȵĵĮ
ҿһλ࣬ұ˵˻ϵһֵǻٵʲôʤһԸʶ䣬µ켣һȫ๼ҧгݵ˵ţΪ˲࣬ΪԼǸߵ֮и߸ϵһˣµͿɱᡣ
˲ôӣƣ˵µʱʵҲΪͨˣԼ˲ҵγµ˵Щкβ졣
㾹Ȼ˵Ǽ֣µѣһֳ衣
ʵϣ⻹Ǹ߿ˣΪûֶľηʵʵûµ㲻ϡȫ֪ԼжֻѾӳץ
һҲƲסԼ֪ԼܲĶ֣ǷŭʧȥǣֻɱԥĻӶսս֮лһ˵ĵâֱӰѿռ䶼˺ˡһֱȥҪ룬ֻӲʹ졣
ûκģһնϡû뵽Լ׾ͻ˷ޱȣӷĹעս֮УҪնɱӡɾʱ˲ԣǰϻЦݣһʹĸоûУһҲûдʵĸо
󾪲ѣ̧ͷͿһ
ûκεֵģһƾͰķ˳ȥĹͷĶλˡʱȥ廹һװ׵Ĵ壬ǶԷϲ˿ƣôⲻˡ
ʱһĳ֮бӦûκģȴƫƫһĽŲԶ벻
ֲ̫ˡ
˲٣ȴתͳӴܡӰһǲ֪ȥʱǰһǽһıݣסȥ·򣬾ȻҲǱһǽˡǽŲԽԽѾڿһڷ
ңھ뿪ҡ˵ţȻʼġ
ˡݵͨ÷ɣıɱ߿д̡˵ţһץֻǰ涼ץƴȴǷ־ȻȫѲǾһ͸壬ֱץס
ңˡ˻
֪ô̵ģҲҪ־ܡ˵ţ͵һӾͰӸץһС磬Уӳܲסֻоʹֱ۵˹ȥ
һУʤǰ
û뵽ǵһλ࣬˼˵ţʤȻһȥͲˡ
һĻˣ֡
ѧԺһʱǡ
Ժ˵ţһӾͰʤӶ˳
ţѾ֪ľĺܺáǻ˵ţʱѾ17ǣţϷһУ־ȻҲŲླ׵ʵ첻ླµĵ۾У첻ȴǺ̲Ҫ취ǿ۵ʵˡ
ţ֪ⲻԼܲġ
ǿ˿µʤӲ뷨۵ʵΪԽߵǿۣܸӵԽࡣ¹Ļһ۵ĻܸӵҪڵͨҼǵڡ֮УһЩǿ߻룬ʹöԷΪʵͬĵеּ֮ڻ޷ãԭҲƲ⡣
񿴵ǵԽԽ֪Ѿ˺ܺõİ취ûѯǾôǵԺô
ǻع񣬵˵յķɣôоôУòҪд̣áʤȰãҴ齨һ۹ĻרŹ飬롣ҵ㣬ԺĲԽԽܴ࣬ﵽδйһ׼ûл
ͷԺʤãǲླһ׵ʵǱĻ¶ûܹѺĵط
ǲһЦûеĻͽѡ


1665 
˵ţһǧزʱķԪ˵ԪһȫڹѺͨླķˡǴ㽨ļҪӵȹ̣ܹѺķҲҪ԰㣬񾳽ķ˶ܹѺĻԪ޷ˡ
ԣǵĴԴԪΪȻǿӶγһ߼ڹѺ˵ɵĸ߼ˡ
£ʱټѧԺΪǿʦһʷļҪЩʦæҪǲü󷨡ĸ֮֮лû˿ƽģʹӵβơ
ɽ˴ۡŵ̨诡޼ɡ桢𡭡
вΪȻһ㣬ֶθʦҲһ֣ͬϸнλʦ롣
޾֮Уλϵ֮أҲѾǵĽ򣬶ѡĵط֮ѡΪλΧٸСϵȻһ򣬿˵һطʺϽѺˡԺķ˳ˣҲһʱ䲨Χ
ȴļӡ
˵ţеĴԪ˳ȻȻѸٵıֱһСϵѾǴԪļޡʱǽ뵽Ԫ֮У߶ԼһһһЩؼλÿʼ֧żÿһͨĴԪ磬Լǿ֮еǳݻһӣͬʱݻЩԪǳ
ԱߵʦǿǵֶΣǾ֡
֪ԺʲôΪѾȫ͸ˡѾ񾳽۷ΪҽӣһѰʱܴһǿԺѴ֮һʱһɽ˵ţΧʦҲͬС
ʱȥ˻Ĺ
һʮǧЩһֲĿռ󷨣ʹΪһռ䡣ͬʱЩԻഫݣܴպʹԪ缳ȡݻһʱ̶
ǲˣÿһηҪãҪͷλʦˡ˵
ӦõģӦõġ
ǾͿǵˡ
һȺʦ˵ţʼһ󷨸֣ȫСһÿҪõ󷨹ʮŸÿһ󷨶صãλʦҲѾȻء
ʦڲ󷨣Ҳûš
ʼӹ̼ΧĿռ䣬ʹڼʮ֮ŲƣԼʩչռֶΡ
һξȻʮȥڳɣƺܴһȴǻСֻһĴСʵǿУһǳ
깤ˡ
ǿ⣺ĿǰĻ¾Ĳ㹻ˣĲ࣬Ժ󻹱ٴС
ʦҲǰͷǵһ
Ժְɡŵ˵Ҳǡ
ѾˣԺҪѺɵķˣۼܣԾͽ˵ţǿ֮кȻһ۳һΰ־
Ժ͡־˵ţľԺķ˶ļ֮¡
ҰʵһԭԺķˣûûҹļ㣬ΪṩǻʵҪԭ
⻰һʦǺȻѡ
Ͼһļ֮УҲз͸һ˵ⲻʲôǼ򵥵Ľһ£ЩѺȥķ˿ɲ˿ͬ飬ϾЩ˺ܶ඼๼ǵͲˡ
ʮ֮ĵһλ
ǸҪɱʤӣոоǼһԪû漣ĻһԪ֮п϶޷뿪
ڣѾΪϢǼǣӵһдն
նηȥ֮󿴿Ҫһÿ춼Ҫмΰ۶ʮСʱʣµĸСʱϢʱ䣬סûͷ˵ţǴģȻֻﾳΪնһ㶼ˡ
ҳȥһҪȫɱ⡣նȵɫ
ˣͲٳȥҵӦøоˣֻ֮к΢ɹգÿĲʳƾͻƾ綼ܡΨһܳȥķ㣬ǵ˭㡣ͷ˵ţЩмס˵ĻÿҪΰ۶ʮСʱȻء
쵰һȥġնҧгݣڼʲôۣ˿ļ뷽ֻǵĮƳһۣȫ¡
ʱȥת۾ĸСʱ
ͷ˵ģĸСʱϢʱ䣬ǽʮСʱҪͣЪļۡ
Ȼնоһ꣬ʹѣҪ鿪һ
˭˭
ҧݣڵϣɫڶʩչһ깥ȫĨɱ
ʱͷˣĮ˵ÿֻĸСʱϢʱ䣬ʱ䶼ҪΰۣûаҵĻ£Ǻٲۣ꣬ɢ
ʲô
նţҧݣԿ촽ҧˡ
ʱԾػ˸ոտļ֮ʼ˵ķʼļ룬ֿµʹŽʧ
޿ռ֮еƺоʲôоһɴ׳뵽壬̲סȫ泩
ͬʱھңԶһѾ֪նڴ


1666 ̤ƽϵ
˵Ĵʼߣ־ͽ棬ȻĵģΪĳˡ
ͬ˵ĳԱǵõ汾ԴɢıԴųΪĲࡣڵõɢıԴ֮ǰѾһλǿߡо汾Դɢ䣬һʱԼӦˡ˷չѸ٣Աܿȷ㡣ˣѾںǧŵ汾ԴʵѾﵽһ˼֮硣
ץ˵ĳԱ˷ֱǺôĵӡһ˵ұۣԼΪģʵ֮н档
Ҳ׷׿ڣָʵ̫Խѵ
ʵµĲǵǵѧԺһŮӻڣһ£ѧԺһѧԺԺܿ񾳽ǿߡ֮Ļ񼸺޵һĴڣ˵ŸץնҪһѵնӪȳƱҪѧԺ潻档
ʲô潻ôˡһǧλĲ࣬ƽϵҽھͶϵĵƲãƽϵ˵ʱ϶иõԴ֮Ըǡ˵ţõ˵ӦôĲ࣬ûһתСѧԺ
ãھͶԵƲж˼һ£ȷһᡣ˷չڣȱһչʵĻᣬֱ̤ƽϵɨƽѧԺһ춨֮еĵλ˶֪ˣʱǵȥɳԱ϶ͻͶǣҲһ̨ס
Ʋõļƻ֮˾Ϳʼж
һһĲֱӱϵȴʮ࣬ĲȦӶˡ
ɽǣһ
ʮλۼҲǻԵɺں汾ԴΪĲࡣں֮ǰǾ֪֯ĴڣǶԸˣǵıԴһֱزأʤࡣ
ǻǵõǸ˻ĸǣʤôһӻڣڶˣȺ֮˵зģޱصɽǾֵġ
Ȼǵã˵׷ɱʱһܾˡʱոԼĸǱ٣屻Ҳǳġô˵Լûж⣬ԸɽǡһŮӻ˵ţŮӳССļ䣬ͷɫģҲСһɫβͣһһ
ţҸոյõϢˡڶʱ˲ɫ΢䡣
϶˸ɵģǵ˵Щں汾Դ֮ӣļ̳ˣôҼǣ˭Ǿܾͻ⵽ǻԵĴʤ壬֮󣬿϶ֱԷҵˡһӿڵ
˾ˡڶʱϴһĨЦݣԼһڶһ
˾ˣʮ˶Ǻ֪˭־ʤ
ģʤھܾǵ֮һ·زؽ뵽ϵĵΪ˵һλ񡭡ڶ˰龭˵һ飬˶ǲšǵ֪ʤϲһĻû뵽ʤܾǵ֮󣬾Ȼȥ˵ٴΣʱ򣬵һ
ǿƣ˷϶ҪԴ˿Щ˼ͬ뷨ϾĲ࣬εȻʤץ˵ˣնԷһǿƣôʹưոݡ
ţѾõȷеϢѾƲõǷв࣬ųʮ򣬺ƺƵҪ̤ƽϵڶʱЩأںܶ˶ڹ˵ʵұӻʤܿסˣƲһõںɢ汾ԴĲ඼ѡȥĽ򶨾ӡ
Щںɢ汾ԴĲ̫࣬СˣûǿӻֻܱһӶ᱾ԴɱҪȻ֣ⰵյ±˷֣ÿսսСĻš˿Щص˵ţҲǳĬˣʤһǺαίĻš
˵ʵܵס˵ԣҲȥӡ˵ʵǶûж־ҲǻŶѣΪʤͷΪʤһλκ޷ġ̫ˣϾĲ֮࣬ҲǼϴ֮̿ɡڶ˵ţ̲ס̾һ
Ҳ漣ǵʤˣʱҺڶ˴һȥӡ˿룬Ҳͬ뷨
ʵϣ֮вڶڰеĲ࣬Ҳڹ
ϵ
˼άᴩʱգȻڵһʱ֪Ҫ̤ƽϵ顣
ոսɣηյĻࡣ
ţʶ漴ϵʱӿһµķչٶˣ󣬾Ͱϵͬʱʼ齨۹Ļһٶ֡
һ֮
ϵΧ˲ൽˡ
̤ƽϵڽա
ϵķһ˵š
ָָһ򣬳ǾǹѺնĵط԰ɣȻȳն


1667 ŵһ
˵һڳԱҲɱڡ
վǰ棬ĺվң緢ֱȥ֮һЩϣ˶Ǹоһɼǿƣڵ򶼲ػ󷨣ֹƵĸһ룬Ȼ϶򱻻ٵһЩҲǳһѺۡ
ѧԺ֮Уڲ
˿ڣʵһȺں֮ڣǿǸ棬ҲǸոտ񾳶ѡЩ˶ں汾ԴųΪĲླǿߣûоʲôۣΪǣԼģǿߣȫǲһμȻǸҲҪЩںɢ汾ԴΪĲ࣬۵ĻṩҪͬ粻ʮǻ˵ţڹ۲ն֮󣬷ֵһЩ֮
ǲ²ӦЩںɢ汾ԴΪĲ࣬൱һ΢СǼ۵Ļ൱ڼһ汾ԴԸṩŻԶһĲࡣĲ࣬ʵȫһŷ⣬ԷȥЩ˸׽ˣҹҹͣۡ
Щʱ򰡡޼ɻҲѾ񾳽磬۽ѾͬʦҲһ
޼ɡ桢ˡ̨诡ˡ趯Ѫ桢ɽʮ֣ʮΪ͵Ҳﵽ˽弶Ԫ̫ҽɾ磬൱ĴԲ񾳽磬ǵսĻǵ֮ĽսҴ㰲ʮ˳սӦ˵ץŶԣȡ˵Ⱥں֮ڶͽ
ʮʮ㡣
ʱֵǱϾֻʮˣףҪץǾûôˡԷǿԣߵĻһץͱ뷢ǵƣѧԺֶο˵һҵʱҲѾڣõۣʺϲ󷨡
ʦţҲǰͷ
ʱóһͼǷеһ󷨣֮Ϊʮ󣬷ֱΪ󡢵󡢷󡢺󡢽󡢻Ѫ󡢺ˮ󡢺ɰҪʮ˲áʮɱһ壬ܱʮСϵΪסࡣʮȫʦϸһӦþ֪βá
ʮ֮в˽ʮģҲǴϻ֮ˣȻѲסǡ

ǿ֮С
ʮλʦ뿪ѧԺ֮͵ڵϵȻָʮСϵЩ˵˴ӻ֪һУǾǻĹʱũһû֯ûϸļƻԴһȾôˣԹŴũҲʧܸա

ָָǰһļǺһǿΣ϶ܽ˹ģļһѧԺֽġһѣôˡ
˵ţӰһһȭȥһȭһԪһԴϵһȭЯ֮ƺ棬Ĵ̶ֻ貵İ׹⣬Ȼֻǲһ£Ȼͺܿȶƶûƶһס
˵ɫ˿̶Ǵ䣬Ȼķ
桢ġҲһпɫޱأҪ֪ǿȫһһӲӵĻҲҪˡȴɵĵֵסĹ͸һ
ѧԺҲо֮еҪǿ˲٣ѧԺʮλʦȻ޲
⿪ʲôЦĺ޺޵аһն˹ȥսʺɫһնȥһҫ۵ĺ⣬͵ĵһһ㣬غ͹졣һն棬ȴǿһһеɢʮ˸ȻٷɢЩͨĴԪǳʧ١
˵һȭ⣬ǻĵһͬ޷ֻ˵һ⣬Ǿͻĵ޷ƻ
˿̵֮Уնоʲôȴ˷ܵ⶯һǴʼˣҸ㣬ǵˣѧԺҲˡ˻ϵƬ쵰ͷӳȥһһɱ㡣
ǻ˵꣬Ϊֹͣ˼ۣԴڵϣҽ
ͷʱЦúõؼۣȥˡЩ˾ģĽҲֻһǱץ֮ûûҹļۡ
ն뷴ȴ۵ĸ˵ֻٴϥãʼĬ۵ĵģǵڣ̽ͽҮһͷмһЦתˣȴǰЦ㲻ţô㲻ǲôɽҲţǻҲţԤУϻһķˣҪȥúһη׼ӭ·ˡ
ԽԽϲԼĹˣ˵ȥӡ
˿أѾˣƾκһ˵϶޷ƿλܹѺļѧԺһ˾޴Ĵۣ˲֪ٲླʦһ޷ƿǺ顣ǰеһ飬һ֣һԴݻ
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ʼ˵е϶ѧԺ˾޴۽ģһ˸޷ƿ
ǻʲôһ𹥻ٵȳն
һȺ˵ĳԱ˵ţʼ
ɾʱպȻһܱʮСϵ֮зֱ𷢳һ׹⣬׹֮£ޱߵǿ֮ȴ˴ԶΧʮСϵѸڵһȺ˵˻ûи㶮ô£ǵļʶ֪󷨣Ϊʲô󡣲֣ǽ˲ԣΪǵʶȫˣ֮
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Ĵ󾪵Ϲ˵ĸо𣬶оΣķǱʲôµĶʱʬ촦˳ԱҲһȻںɢ汾ԴųΪĲ࣬ϾҲǲָ֪࣬Σյеģʱÿ˶Ļ̻̣궯еѾط
ȱš
ʵԼѾǻŵһȣ˵ЩˣҲ϶ѧԺʹֶΣôˣʲôµġ
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һ޴𣬰֮˸һ׻Ҫ˵Ĺһ㣬˶̲סɫ԰סͬʱһ絶ƵĿ紵һ˵ĳԱֱܲϾȻһ⣬Ҫ֪ôҲһ壬ôγɵķֵ֮סۡһ£Ͳҽ
˿ﶼǴʧɫŸոտʼ


1668 Ӵ
ֻ֮УȻһձɽȻЩɽıǵ۵ĵɽ˵ĳԱ⵶ɽĵ˵ʱȫǱһ㣬Ѫۣ⵶壬ƻǵϸһʱʮ˾۵Ĳҽ
ٽţ˸ԭǴ֮ʮͭʱͭ⣬Ǳס˳Աȫһ廯ŧܿѪģˡ
кɰҷɣǱɰմϣ徹ȻͻữΪѪˮʱĴӵð屻ȼȼյгȻһ㻯ΪҽڻӶǿȥǶ˻꣬ܿ췴ӦҲᱻ⡢׻УҲҪˡкˮģ̼γ󺣣ݽȥѲһ㣬һܰкɰ裬ǱУ嶼ܸԴΪ촷۶пܡ
ʮ󣬾һһĴɱ
濴Ųʱ䣬˳ԱȻһǧ൹֮Уʧȥս֮˿ĵģˣʱٶ˶ãһЩǿߣԷ΢ʹһֶξ㲻໯Ϊɻҡ
λ˵ѣǺã
ʱһֳֻ趯ӰЦЦϲŭѧԺѧʦǿԳƺΪʦǰԼԹԽȥЩƤ֮ࡣ
˿һۿ趯ͷ趯ΪȻ֮ϣһλ񡣿ǸɽȾλʦҲֳΣһҲϢǿƺ޶ɫ԰ףѧԺҪ֪֮ǰҲֻΪѧԺԺ񾳽ѣЩ˲ѧԺʦȴѾ֮ѧԺԺǸǿ
ش鱨֪ԼΣˡ
ʱȵ֮ӣѡļ̳ˣǺôĵӣȻǶץڳǻûɴ쳷ֶΣǳȥԺһܽѣȻǾǲݣѧԺҲûʲôô
ʮλʦЦʱ򣬻˸ҷвǣԷûŪ״Դͷ
Цѡ̧Žˡɽ˵˸λʦְɣȫ߶󷨣ҪٺǷϻЩ˾ǲײĲᡣڻΪԼ϶һݺݵؽѵʵ
λʦ˵ͷɽ˵
ȫ߶һʱĩһ㣬ǰ֮Ϊ׵桢ġҲǻˡ
棬ʧˣѧԺ̫ǿˣǵԺûгֻ֣ЩʦֶΣǴĺ޻֮Ǿ뷴ȴǵ˶֪ġޱȵ˵ţҪľ׻˵ɽڲûգξ͵һѵԺ׳ˣδûбĻᡣ
⻰ҧҧãҸոһ£ǰһӦһָ󷨡ȻҲ֪ƽ󷨣󷨵ķΧôֻҪ׼һ򣬲ҪԻ󣬳󷨷ΧͰȫˡ
ȴüҲ֣ʶҲô׼һ򣿡
а취Ǹߡ϶ޱ˵ţ˵Ż֮ͳһӶȥںٶȷɿ졣
󷨵ʮλʦĶǲ֪ʹõʲôֶΣȷʵûбԻһֱڳһƶǲ棬һ˵ĳԱһ·ֻһ˳ԱۿͻΧԽԽ٣һʼˣ󷨱Եʱ򣬾ȻѾǧˡ
ˡ
紩һĤ濴ƬϤǿգԱߵĻĺ˲ƣ˿ȴǼޱȡ
ǲǧ˳Ա˿ҲǱѡ
ɾʱʮλʦʮСϵҪǸһ򾡡
ߣ
һѾоʮλѧԺʦ񼶱սԼЩ˸Ƕ֣ﻹͣ
ʱһȺɢӡ
˵ģЩ˵ҪӵĻʮץ
ΪЩ˵죬ȻʮλʦҪץĿ꣬һʱɽˡ޼λʦǶ
סǡ
ĿһĻһʼߣߣһз󣬳Ϊ֮ǿ
濴޷˵Ļģижģģһ㱨ġ
Ļ䣬Ϳıһķ˳ȥһ붼ûмס˵õסء


1669 ḻͷ
ʱ±ˣȴǴһߣ
ʱٵĳϵĺˡɽ޼׷ȥۿžҪסһ·֮ϣ֮лһ貵Ĺâϵ˶ڴ׷ʲô顣
ʼߣ߲ˡԽԽѧԺλʦɫ԰ס
ġҧҧҿ֮ӣδ֮ôᱻѧԺ˸ץסεֻ֮Ҫȴ汾Դʱһǵġ
˵ͷҲǶŲɡ
治ǣҿյĹޣǽ˭߲ɽӰһΪһסЦЦǿСһȷʵҲˣȺ˾˵ģȫһȺں֮ڣʵȻ˵Ҫ̤ƽϵһЦô
˺ͷ޼ʱҲˣװΧסˡ
־ܰɣ
޼ɵĮ˵ţÿһ񾳽磬һ֮жĴڣʵǸոͻƵ֮κһ˵Ķ֡־ܣϴʡ˵иꡣ
ʵ̫ˣץ˵ɡ
˵ţһֱڤʱȻߡɽ׷ȥۿžҪ֮׽ǺȻɢһصȻʹһжǾֹˣ־ֹԲǿռ侲ֹΪɽ˵˼άֱסĸоǿռ䷨ġ
ʱ䡣
޼ʲôšҲͨʱ䷨򣬲Ƿ֮ʱ䷨򣬶֮粻һС棬Ǹյʱ䷨򣬵ȫϡ͵ˣȻҲʱ侲ֹͼ٣Ǹ޷Բ඼Ч
˷ӦȴǷѾӳȥһˡ˿ԵĸоϢڿٵ䣬ոջ񾳽磬ȴǵ䵽ԲˡȻ߶ʱ䷨ҲҪ޴ĴۣҲҲȼΪʱ䷨ֽɷһ޷ˣֻǰ
׷
ɽҧҧ׷ȥȻҲ֪ԼȫȻٴδ߶ʱ䷨Ȼȫӳ˷޼˵ʶΧټ
һ֪ϵ
ȫˡ
˵ţɫޱȵĲ԰סɾʱоʲôֻ֮Уһƴӿռ֮̽ƾ޴ޱȣһܱץȡһĻ㶼ŵĻ궼ˣһƱ˵أȫʢʱڶ޷ֵѾ񼶱Ĺˡ

ɫޱԱߵɪɪѾ˷۾
ҲʱϾȻҫ۵İ׹⣬֮ƺһһŻͶһޱȿֲ˾»֣̿ˢһӳ忪ʱգǾ޴ƣȻ׹ҫŨΪһ㣬ȴһʧˣͬʱʧĻˡ
е˼
֮дЩȵϸĻǵ
ϵһȺʦѾɨսˡ
һǧλԱųʮ࣬ƳȴǱץһˣһǧ࣬˽ǧʮλʦڰЩȫͽڼſڣͷ˷ܻˡ
࣬Щǲô
ͷѯʵϼͨ죺Уǰ滹λãǲླ׵λǰɣͽηߵηѺĶλλǸն㿴ʲôۣûеϢʱ䡣
ǡ
նһϤף˶ɵˣ˭ܸʲôһĹȻǧ˵ĳԱ찡ѧԺһ˰ɡ֮ǰųȥȥǲܳȥģԺĹˡ
ֹһСʱ־ȻˣⶼǧˣҲͲһǧˡ
ǡǵץǶ˵ˣʵ
࣬࣬ѧԺļλʦ˵Ҳץˣǧˣǧˡͷ˷ܵ˵⻰ն˹ȥⲻ͵ڰ˸һôͻȻ֣Լ޴ȻҵɱˣԼܻѾˡ뵽Щ˶ΪԼűץģĬĬתһ򣬲ֱЩץͬˡ
һĹ
һһӦ˵ͷĿ֮һҪЩ˽ܵУֻʱѺɽ룬ŰĻģͷǰǼǣ¼ڹ
ãõģұȽ졣ͷ˵ţóһϢǼǱһλˣʲô֣øʵ㣬̹״ӿܴϣҪǲ˵ʵСÿ
Ժģ֪Լ϶Ǳ²ˣȴȻӲģһģ
ʲôţ㲻ûţԺ㶼ûˡˣ֣ʵش𡣡˵ţͷóһӣͷɻޣ涼ѱūģ˭ǲһӳȥ֤ʵʵġ
ġļ
ţ֡˵ͷһӳȥ˲Ļģʱҽֻоϱ˺ݺһ롣
ͷǸɽˣӵ˼˵ԼлģԾͷͷȴǰ˰֣ȫһҺоӡ
λʦģרҵģ֤˵ʵ˵ţͷӳ˹ȥһ飬ʲô֣
ġ
㻹һţҿǲײĲᡣͷҪӣһ̻Ҫˡ
ˣҽ䡤÷ӣûгΪ֮ǰٰ֡ϼӣĻλʦҲסˣ֪㲻ջ
䣬ûӣͷţ˽ֵôǼʶˡ
˵ţֱһ͵ǼˡûӡüλʦǸпĪ档ȻǸϢûκεȫ˳
ܺá
ͷ߶ţһݻĵġڹɽȻŻľǳһȥʲô䣬ҿ㻹жӣķˣԲ񼶱ηãԲĴƽ
˵ţֱܴİ˶˽ȥ
Ǹʲ֣ɽͷæ꣬ʵ
ôҽҶС죬ٷ֮ٵĴѪ࣬ϾͷعΣҶرо飬λʦʲôԸһͷ˵ţȫһ첻µزµӡ
ûɶԸҾʣæ˵ţ뼸λʦȥˣֻεжеʧܣԺء


1670 ʤ
ʮ˻صѧԺеѧ
λʦˡ
Ժ桭
˵ˣѾ֪ˡ
ǿʮЩεӣһǰͳߵӰ񣺡ܲ򵥣֮ǱһɿµӦһԪ档Ҳ֪׻ʲôȻ֮вһ棬ɢĿƣֻڹؼʱ־ҳ֣ˡ
ʮλʦӰҲһ澹ȻĵƣĻûʱ䷨Ҳǿסġֻⲻ֪ʲôʵ˺¡
˴ûбץסԺܻܿһɳ죬˵ѧԺ𡣡޼Щ֮ǰĿһУսѧԺǴ˴εǸӭͷһܻܿɱ䡣澹Ȼʱ䷨͸˲ò
޷ԺҲʲôˡǰ˰֣Ѿ˼ƽϡ
˴εȻסģһ˵ĳԱͽһЩע˴µĲɶ󣬵˶˳ԱĴãһһˣһҲǧļߵĻģǱд꣬൱ʮԪ
ĵж˵Ĵʩǰ۷塣
˶֪һȻ仨ˮһԱͽ˼ЩڰУں汾ԴĲǴ˿ڷģļ԰õıɡ
Դˣ̵һЩǺǺˣ̶֪ҪâѧԺһ˻̤ƽˣ˵ô
һ֪Ŀռ䣬
˿Ƕſ˵һϰңҺôǱڼľҵ֮У֪Ҳ⣬Űɣҳ㽵ˣΪҵһ֡ѧԺȻཨ˸ٵˣ鲻꣬ԺһѧԺ֮г
һߣЩսսĿ档
ʮ
9š
17ǣţһŵЩչŲǡͬ17ǣţǣ9򣬲9Դḻ羰ҵλԽҲڵ˿ڡ9ǵĶһƬסլǵǺһ˵Ǻ
ߺű˽ɣǰᵽģĿǰǿһԭ꣬ȥһͨСϰ塣ʵϣɿɲʲôСϰ壬һλںɢ汾ԴĲࡣϵҰ֮ڶزأѡ˵ӣĿǰѾɹ˵Ϊ˵һλ
ڿʲô
ķѯʵֹڳһȥЩ֡
λķǵ࣬ǵ˽ڵһǰޱ󣬻ʱΪʳսÿ궼в֪ȥǵ򱻵˽ΧһԾ뵽ǼʱҲΪԺȷҲûս˵λ⾳Ϊ˵ľ٣𾴣ҲŬĹȡܹһƿѧԺҩͻƵ쾳
ʮűʮźűʲôʱȥģѯʵԭʮĴſţţסˡؼǣоÿһ棬һɼǿϢǾԲһĵ۾еģһλλĲǿߡ
˵Щһ֮ǰɣ˵ǴӱһȺǼˣǳֺ£ÿ˶һķ˵š
ǼˣţҲֻܺŪŪͨˣûмĸȥ̵ģ˲磬ȥһԴ򣬻õĲƸޱȿֲġ
ʮʱʮʵҲ
ڶ˴磬Ǹ߶棬ȻסҲһλ࣬ⶼǵλˡ˿˵š
һȥʮŶǣŶ棬ѾˣȻλǲ࣬ǹֵġڶ૵ʺ϶ӵĲ಻ֹǣԤУƬ϶ԽԽ֣вӡ
Ҳڶ˲²ģ֮ڣȥˣ߶ǲǿߡʱ·ϣǻ࿴ŶԷޱȹĸоԼ֮С
ɽ
ˡʤĵһʱ䣬͵õϢ˹
ģʤЩԺģǵԼˣ޷ά֣˾ͻ˹ȥȴǵŬĻһ£ԺиһɫӰӰǰغʱ֪ˣǰͷ
ӪɽЦЦһ˯ʱ乻õģȥʮˡ
ʮꣿʤȻ
Ҳٳɣڼ䷢ʤ˵һ顣ʤ𾪲ѣôҲţΪԼ飬Ȼ˲㱻ѧԺһ򾡣ڻһ˵Ĳ౻Ѻʲô֮С
ߣҴȥһط
˵ţһ֣ʤ͸оʱձ任һƬСʤ˿̳ԶȥһŰ׹⣬һ򣬵ȴԲǵ塣
ÿˣ
ЦЦʤһſڡ
ͷҶС쿴˿֤һݣʹ˼Ĵţ˵ѲʹǲҪĸˣھȥˡ
ǣҾǴλʤιһ
һҪһλΣϤˣÿһˣҶָƣÿԸλʤһ¡ҶСԸ£˵ͷʾҶСǰ·
֮УҶСϲľͿʼ˽ܡ
һ£Щж߶ʲôʤһ֮еĲ֮࣬࣬ҲһЩֵĵط
ЩڼۡҶСڵ
ۣʤЩɻ֪һ־֣ʲô
ΪͶ죬˵ٻ˵Ҳţҵ¸ɡҶСںߣҲǿˡ
ʤȻɻ󣬵Ҳ׷ˣߵնηſڵʱȻͣ˽Ų
նʤһȴѣŤͷңҲʶ㡣
һλˣֺܲҪÿ۶ʮСʱǳÿҪ۶ʮСʱϣηǸС״ô԰䷢ġҶСܵЩ⡣
ʤȴѾ±Ƶĸоǿնдšͽ컨Ľ״ֱǽڲһء


1671 齨ͥ
ź濴ȥһֱĵηĿǰ֮Ϊǿķˣʵ񣬲֮Уһʵʩչѹġ
λǣ
Ȼʤ̲סѯ
ӡ
ʱҶСһ䣬ǼĻվ첽˹ڣڡ
ʤ֪ʲô˼ѾֱˣҶСķڷˡ˵ģģ˻һóϷõӣҲҲڶôţƵͷˡ
ҶСʱܵӾ˵֮ǰ˵Ķңʼʱ򣬻һܲӣڱʰķֺܲҿϣõġڷܽʱҲԸ佱λпգӭ񡣡
Цãܱáڷܽ˵ô
ʤһʤǸп֣û뵽ѧԺİ˵ͽ˼˳ʱǿ貣һſŵǻҹգʤδɹǰĵҲˣҲԺܰȫĻˡ
߰ɣҴȥԺ
Ȼ˵ʤһЩȵĿȻ֪˵Ժ˭ȻѧԺԺڵϵѧԺԺѾΪһĴڡжˣһЩѧԺԺõѧԺԺָ㣬ȴûĻᡣǽ죬ȴҪѧԺλԺʱܳĸоϾͳеĻѧԺԺ˵ǵŨ
ӰһѾʤɽ
ѧԺԺڵأʱҾͶǼʱѧԺҲ½˸вʹѧͽķĿǰĻֻһЩѧԺСѧѧϿΡţΪɽֹɽҲֻܴʤ̨ȥ
ʤͷܸܵѧԺĻ
˴Ŷʮӣɽɽ˿̵Ĵ֮վһˡʤ˿ȥ֪ԷԼǰߵԷǰɵʶȥĻȴǹķֶԷƺʱһ㣬ʶ죬ԷӰ
ˡ
ʱǸ˻عͷ˵
ʤʱ鱻еĸоǰ̫ˣʥϢ˫۾£ǺӣһվȫһӰ߿˵Ļǰ˾һ㣬ͬš
λԺʤЩľګѵ
ѧԺԺСޡʤʤʱæ˵ţҾȻǻĺʱڵһǣûˡϥһ䣬ҪǽйݣʱۼֿסҲͱϳˣʱʤ뵽ʲô첽ߵǰǶܾȵʱԼ֡
סӦʤһ֡
һѾĿɿڴҺԺֵˣǵһʤ֪Լһô˲飬Ҫڵ쵼ÿ쵼ˣһЩͨˣ֡Ӧþǵٷǡ
ȿȣʤǸɿһ£ȻᱻӰ쵽
ãõġʤЩ˵Ȼǵһοǣ۾ȴǳ֮顣
˵ȽϲǵĻֶǱǻ˵ġǵ˵ţû˿ϣʤûôнˡ
ǵģڳΪ֮һѵķɴڷɴ棬Һ˵ҵɴԭռ鼮йڵġҴǸʱѾ˽˵ĻһֱһҲԼĸǽǰĵȴΪˣһжˡ˵ʤЩء
ǵ˵ͷûѧԺҲˡ
ʤ࣬СһЩȤ£һЩİأνпһ㡣һţǳ˵أĲ뷨ǵõ֤һ㣬˲١֪϶ָʤֻǡᣬõһԺڿεĻᡣ
пټЩҲ֪ôǵģǻһȽҪ顣ת˻⣬ʤĿڡ
Ժ˵ʤ֪ʲôĴ£ȻҪ顣
ģ汾Դʱһȥ֮еĲ඼֮⡣ټϣԽԽͻƵླ磬ʱޱȵĻңǵ϶ҲҪܵҴڴҵ֮ǰ齨һۣרŹĻӦδֵܳľ档
δңʤȻ޷
϶ġƶ۾͸ʱգƺѾδֿܣһֿܣδ̫ƽģǿܻʷϣѪȵһʱڡ
Ҫʲôʤ˵ţѧԺȵģҾܾǣ˵ˣڵӣΪһӦÿ
Ϊ飬ѧԺ˴֮гܸߣѧԺĸλʦһĲǵӣǶǵȻıӻɡЩʵһܲءͷҪ齨Ȼȥ˵ЩҲǵ˵ţȻǿǺһС
ʤĬˣû뵽ǻίΣʱЩܳ
Ȼ㲻Ը⣬ҲǿЦЦȻϣʤϡ
Ը⡣ʤʱȴǺܿ϶˵ţѾʧȥһң˵ҵĵڶ磬Ҳõκ顣һȥ˵ЩĲ࣬Ǻһػİȫ
ǵͷ֪ʤѾԵ˹УԺ󶼻
֪ԺҪ齨ʲô֣ʤ룬ѯʵ
ȻǸ۹ͽͥɡ˼˴𰸣Աߵ֣ͥһĸܾ𾪣Ȼ֪ͥ񻰴˵е壬ǱǹɡͳڤȨġʤȻ֪Щǿɫ仯ȴҲʶʲô
ǰҪ齨ͥϢ֪˵ĸ߲㡣
ԺĸҲˣ֮ͥµһĴۺ͵۾򣬳ϵĻǴ˵еֱͥͳϽ
ѧԺȻֱӲֵȻ⡣
º齨ͥϢʼʤͥԴ˵ݣʼΡ


1672 ƾʲô
޾գͬڵһط
Ǻ۵ӰΪǽһԪͥĴԪ
ۡ
ǿǰ۵۱壬۵ΪȻһԾﵽԲ񾳽磬֮Щûûҹļ롣Ͼһ಻ļ룬ѾԶйṩļ֮Խ棬ԽѣôҲܰ۵ƽ񾳽磬һܴﵽԺ󻹱øĲ۲С
ԺѾ׼ˡ
˵ţνͥԪɣǲЭģǵ־ۣǵףǶѡֻ䶯뵽˿ռ֮УȻռǷһ㣬һĿռ䡣漴ȡע뵽ռ֮Уռ佥ܻΪһС硣
ȻⲢûнۼעȥ߶ԼıԴһУСתΪķһ㡣С׳󣬽شһСҪΪһĴԪò˵һԪ۶оЩΪСĴԪҲСǧ磬ӵСǧ磬ǳΪı־̾ࡣ
˳һ꣬һԲڹĴԪͳˡ
վԪ֮Уֻ֪ͥԪԺԪ϶Ҫٱۣմ˵еͥʼԪ֮н칬
ǡ
ӦͥԪķһһܲݴԪ֮еһСۿţǰһ칬ƽضܹʮ칬ռҲΪʮ죬񻰴˵еͥһ޶⣬ʮԼҲһһֳҲ񻰴˵ͬ൱ֻۣʮ죬ʵѧԺǵʮصĴ죬ԺΪǵĵ
ͥԪ׳ͣѾˡ
ʱ9ǣʤڶ˵˼ͥʵ棬벢˳ֱܶӾ;ܾĿǰҲֻȷӦҪͥȻҲֱ˾ܾЩ˵Ըˣǵı˸ƣӴʧȥɣڲԸͥʵҲͬĵ
λͥϵѧԺԺԶģõıӣͥǱġѧԺԺұ֤ͥȥʲô飬ҲǵɡһҪֻͥҪһֽɡʤĵ˵еۡ
ʤ֪ѧԺ˾㣬ѧԺ˵ûʲô˵ġҲˣ֪ЩൣʲôǴӦ㣬ͥԺȴҪ䵱ѧԺצΪѧԺҲ˵ЩԱòȥ˵˹ƶһ˵ǿǿǣʵڱľܾ㡣ڶ˵š
ֻƽټκ˿ҲǸŵ֮ǰõġ
ǡʤεҡҡͷ֪˵ʲôá
ɾʱһ˵ĺգֻһԪӰǿ֮УǴԪ֮йư磬ֻǿһ۾֪ɾʤҲסˣŵĿ֮еشԪƺһصħһ㡣
ʱһ
ͥԺвͥáڷڲ࣬Ѿǵٽְͥǵ񣬽ʧȥڵӵȨ⣬ѧԺԺѾפͥʮش죬ٵջῪ̳ڵȻ۵ģЩһضƵΣ뵽ÿһ档
ڶ˵˵ɵˣǵ񣬱ٽְͥǲǣҪֱǰô
ƾʲô֮У˷ŭޱȵ
ƾʲôһ̣ʤЦȴǳƵģ˵ǵʱ̫˵ˣƵġƾʲôǵ˵ĵҲǵǣǵ˵򣬵ΪʲôҪӻǣǷǵôԼһ̫Ȼˣʲô¾ãΪǸǰжѡ۶ˣǲԸͥ뿪ڵ֮дѵȥĸӡ
˵ţʤվ
ʤڶʶʲô
Ҳ˵ʲôǺΪ֮УǶΪͥǻ£˵ʵĲ࣬ҪΪûΪĶ죬ֻǻԵɺںһ汾ԴѣѧԺͼʲô෴ǼͥȻлԺⲻ֪ǶĻԵʤ˵ţЩɸֵӣңʱԸͥǽͥԪǲԸ⣬Ҳѣ뿪
⡭ڶһȺ˿ʤ뿪ˣ춼ûзӦ


1673 
ʤߺڶ˼˳˼֮С
ô죿֮ڶѯʵҲ֪ΰˡʵʤ֮ǰǶѾΪˣͨĻǾͿԻõþסȨޣڵĻǳΪ˵ǾͱӦ٣ܾͥĻǿ϶ġ
ʱһλǵھӹɣ֪ɷ۾ۡ
һִߺűĹɡ
ڶ֮ǰͿʤȥߺű϶ҲԷڶԷǹȥ۾ۣӦþһ´¡Ǳû⣬ʱܺͱһ£ȻòǼ˳ţһ·ߺűſڣѾЦݵſڵȴˡ
ӭӭ
˵ţڶһ˽ţʵһʮˣ˽ǡòڣڶѾڵһʱ˲ڵˡܿ죬Ҳϻ
Źɣڶ߽˱Ȼ滹оˡЩ˾ȻҲǵھӣÿһҲǲླ硣ʵһȥĶʮ嶰֮Ужʮλ߶ǲླ磬ֻΨһĵסһͨˣһš
ˣڼҵ˶ˡʤѾҹˣڴʲô뷨ɳ˼һ£ΪԵ
ߡѾڵǺ޺޲ƽ
û취ǼȻڵܵϽǿ϶ġȴúܿô˵Ҳ˺ãжһµʷԼĵߺԭǾǼͥĻҲܰǵʹ
˵Ǻã˭ܱ֤Դ࣬ԴЩͨһɣתǳһۻһòɿԱߵڶ˸оͷˡ
ˣ˵һ䡣
ʱΪٴοڣͥڱУԺһЩ϶ҲƵĻϾĲ࣬κ˶ܷβܵġʵ棬ʲôԵɣҲŴһƽֻʵ΢ѡ
ɵĻ˸оģҲ֪˵ʵ
ҲԻһǶ룬ͥǼͥĻǾǵһͥĳԱ϶ᱻչˣõĪĺô˵ģѧԺԺ̳֪ζʲôԺ˵ȥĻҲѧԺԺĵӣ˭ǸҶһ£ҪѧԺ𲻴Ӧ˵ʱ˶ǰһ
֪ʤɣ˵ǵʱ򣬿϶ûиΪʵѾﵽ˲ླһ׵۷壬ܿҪͻƵླסʱЩĽ˵Щͬʱںɢ汾ԴĲֲ࣬ɱ˱Դģ˵ʵ󣬺ܶ໹ͣڳ벻ླ磬սȷͻƵĲࡣ
ⲻܣͺʤʶӦúǾࡣ˿
ûʲôܵģΪõѧԺԺָ㡣仰һֱһʯǧˣʱ˶סˣѵѧԺԺָֻһʤΪôࡣ
ѧԺԺ棿ڶ˴˿̶ЩĶˣܵõѧԺԺָ㣬ǲҲܻΪϵ
ǵȻҲڵѧԺѧһ˵ãһȷĶкüˡ͸¶һܸǣѧԺԺΪ硣˵ʱ򣬹С
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С㣬ҲǺò׵õϢӦǰ˾ŲʮɵҿѾͥϾѧԺԺͥʮ򣬿ԽӴѧԺԺĻԵ
˴ʱĬˣ￪ʼ
ҡҲԸͥʱһ΢ڶ֮еһ
ڶ˻ͷȥЩԾ
ڶ˴磬ҲڶزˣƣĿҴﳤöӡ˵ţЩǸ⡣
أ̬ɣ롣
Ըͥ
ҾˣҪˡ
Ҵȹһ¡

һȺ˵ţɰͷԸͥʮһˣռһ룬㲻
˼һ£ȻˣԸͥľһͥ粻˳٣Ǿ͹ͨ־
Ȼûʼͨ־
ڵűסĵȷһλҹ쵽ڸ𴲣վԼҵ̨ϣȻԼھӶߺűȥ
ڸʲôô˶ȥˣѯԼ˵
ҲڿPARTYɡ룬Ļش
ʲôPARTYôھӣȻң̫˼ˡ֪PARTYСôGOGOGO
˵ţ򵥵ϴһһ˯۾ͳŸڵߺűȥ
һȺڹͨ־ȴǺȻſڱֻһģ𼱻ǵ˽
գҪľգ
ţȻͿ֮ڶʮˢ˧Ŀһ±Ƶĸоô£ﲻڿPARTYôأŮأŪɶϣ
ʱһ˱
̧ͷȥֻ־ˣ˿̵ʥޱȣ֮ͥŴ󿪣вԿɽְͥʮһǵѡˣǲԸ⵽ְͥ뿪򡣡
˵ţһĽסʮһˣҪǣǽͥ
ʮһ˳ܣʣûмͥˣǳĬˡŹֵӦþˣϵ־̫ϤˣǲǵϼĴôո۵ĻĿǰһȺˣʲô˼ѵǰԼЩھӶǲࣿ
Ҳ̫ٵˣ첻˽ڰ
Լ˶ʮ꣬ͻȻԼϵ˵Լһ
һ˲۱ĸоһƪֶˣͽСҵھӶǲ࡯Ҹô죿ߵȣͦġ
Ǹһ¡ǣǣ˵ţѾһ亹
˭̲סʵ
űǸ˿εΣЩӡ

֮ͥУʤյ˹ɵϢ
ɵĺá˵ţʵһʹӦʤҪͥһвϷѣڸո۴в֮ѾʮϵҪͥˡ
һ¹󣬵֮һһλ࣬ʮλͬͥ
ʣµˣ۸һʱ䣬һ֮󻹲ԸΪͥһӣͻᱻʱһشϢ˵Ǿǵʮ֮ڰϵʽΪϵס


1674 Ƹĵ
ڵͻȻţ˶ʼϲΪ֮ǰٶȣҪϵ뽮˵ҲҪǧʱ䡣ܱߵҲ˱̲׼ȻܳԾǺܿӦˣһЩǾٹڣףһĵ
ͬʱͥʽԱȫΪѲʹʼѲϵԺ󶼻ͥҪһͥһҪǵ֣ͥ׳֮󣬾ͻῪʼ齨ͥĲӣ񻰴˵е콫һ
⣬ͥҲȷԺʵйƶȡ
ÿͥԱԸԼĹףù׵㣬ù׵ԹԴаɵɷ챦ԼѧԺʦԺרָ㡣
ʱת۵һδĲ˿̱뿪ϵ
11׻ǣһһǧǰ
뿪򡣡ɴȵǺͬһʱģǵڶԷȻԸֻͥ
ҾͲߣѵǻɱҲɡһĿӴȵǿ
ɾʱ۵Ӱֳһץס˿Է޷֮Ȼֱ˺һռѷ죬ѿ˽ȥһĶÿ±ˣΪԼּܺۻۣǼҲܸԼȡһô˭뵽˰ϻġ
ɵ˿ҲɵۣҲ̫ǿ˰ɡ
һ
˵ţࡣ
Ǹո࣬ǿȻǱޱȵĻˣŭһͲˣбɱҰ
ۿһĻоȨܵƣһеĿǵδԽĲһΪ֣дִС
˵ţٴץסΪӽ
Ŀɿڴ˶ɵˡ
ʲôϵܵѧԺӻֲ븶κδ۵Ĳ࣬ȫ뿪ˡЩ˴һʼʹ⣬ﲢǵıӻûκӻǡ
ת۵ʮ֮󣬵ĽΧʽŵϵ
ȻϵҲֻɽһϵɽ֮һռԺ󽫻᳹ڵࡣ
ѧԺ֮Уæһ飬ǾƸ
ҲڸոõϵͳϢ˵Ƹﵽˣһλߡڵһʱ֪ͨ˼λԵʦϽƸԡ
ɽ桢趯ۣһֻλʦˡ
źȻԵļ¼Ա
þûпƸˣӦǵĴƸˡϣһΣеλȽʦ˵ţʼһλǰԵǿߣǰһ׹ǰһ߷ƫҳһͷںɫͷ䵽һĶ䣬Լӵһ˫ɫ۾ŮӣŮVɫƤ£Ӣˬ
˵Ůʱȴһָмǣȿڵ˵ѧԺмӦþϴˣôı񿨶ڡҽһ£ҽȻҲԽĪȣ˵ǰʹǸ̳أѱϳ˵򡣽챾Ҫһѵ֪ҲƢġ
˵ţֱӲݶħ˫צץȥ
ڳѧԺ磬ħ˫צֱ߱ӽˡ磬ԸǻԶˡֻһУħ˫צȻС䵽УСһ
ܲһ漰һЩԷĵã̫ǳˡǵ˵ţȻĪȵˣȻܵѧԺӦƸӦ֪ѧԺʲôĴڣƾκνѵ
ĪڨڨŮҲҪӵġ
ҡͷо㣬ڳѧԺһرĴڣռ־Ĵڡ棬ռ־岢ûʵʵ壬Ϊ֮УԪڡռ־ǷŴĻñǵѾ˲֪꣬澿ʲôʲô᲻Ǵ˿һÿһʱеĿ־˲ȫ䣬ë
˿һƯĳҲǸо΢䡣
ҸоһˡĪʱ򻺻˵ţȻ֪Ǻǿȴûκεη壬ΣǸʹ忪ˡ
ʹѧԺʦûзش֮ǰҲῪ֪ĿǰѧԺ֮кܻӭЦȻֵҪҲȥˣڳѧԺ磬ʹ϶ɱ㡣
СĪȴǹϵҡҡͷұȥħڵȴǵŮ
ǿĪȵ飬Ĭˡ
֪ڳѧԺ磬ĪȾǶħǵϣħ׷ҲãҲãŮĿҸҪΪڶħǿûĪȵһƬڰɫʹףҲ޷ĵ׶Ŀ־塣ԣʹǺΪɱ֮ʱħԶֻһںţǾΪŮ
ٴҲѧԺʦѧѧѧԺļȻȥʹǸС̳غúöĪ̽˵֪ĿǰѧԺѾ൱֧ʹ壬֧ʺܵ͡


1675 Ҷ
ǳĬˣﲻ֪ʲôԱ߼λԵʦ˿Ҳ֪ǵ뷨
Źһ֮ǻڣҲǲԣҪһ˵ҵɣȻûʹʦ
ĪʱһЦȻԣұʹǸ̳صشɿɲԣ
ȻλʦҲסλŮͬ־Ҫʲôѵ빫ȻˣåɡʱȴתЦţиɻش⻹ҪͨѧԺƸԲУ޷ͨ㻹Ҫȥ
ԱߵļλʦǿЦãʼʽԻڡ
ò˵ĪȺܴ˼ҲܳǰʹȲϵģԽŵĵȥϢˡ
һŮˣǲֵĻӦñʹʦܻӭɽʦ˵ʱǼ˾ˡʵô˵أĪȻҲŮǲŮͣŮģĿǰŮڸࡣ
ˣһλߡ˵ţǰһλŷߣһ⣬ߴŰۣһͰףôǴг˵ɡ
λߣӭμѧԺԣǽʦڵĻһҽܡʱ򻺻ڣʱѾߵΪȻҲﵽ˽Ĵ޽ɾ硣
ҽܣãõġ˵ţķһӣŲæ̫ͥ׽ǣżȻ칬յѧԺƸϢ£ͺһ¡
̫׽ǣ浱Ȥμλ
ǡ̫׽ǵͷ
˼룬ʾ۸̫׽ǽһѧԺʵ̫׽˵ԼݵʱǾ뷨ڵͥոճȱ֣̫׽μͥ൱۵ʹܰҹۣǾҲá
ۺܿͽϣǱǾʾ⼸λʦʼʡ
ʱһڵ̫׽ǰɣμ磬ʥվǱаģѧԺҲܴ󣬶ѧԺҲ˽ˣһ⣬ѧԺ֮гѧӦô
λʦǲԾؿ̫׽ǣܺĻش
ӵĿʱ䡣źʱ˵
̫׽ǵ˵ͷƺ˳˼Ƶģһֱķֶӣû𡣼λʦЩ㲻״ˣѵѻشôôҪôáǵȵķʮʱ̫׽ͻȻƵĿڵʥ츳˵ãֻǲأԴʥѧҪľǺúý֪ʲôʲôĻҾ¿Բķ
ţֻ̫׽ϲȻ˵˲ڶʮַǵȫ±ˣǲòϣ̫׽˵Ļô˼ģ˵̫ϸˣоѧڿԵʱ򣬲֪𰸶ԲԣͰпܵĴ𰸶дϣȻľʦһȷˣ͸֣Щ޹صĴ𰸷Ҳû͵ûˡ
ȿȣʰɡǴͿˣ̫׽Ǿϼ޻ˣϺһʵﶼ·ոʱѹķʮʱ򣬿϶ҲǼõģЩһ֮ھˣΪľüλʦΪżһ£Ȼһ˲˵ϸĴ𰸣˾ܳȡ
һɣ㵽ѧԺְӦûѧĿγ̣ڿι֮Уѧײ㣬ô죿趯ʱ򿪿ڣޱϬ
̫׽ٴ˳˼
ζòź˵ˣԼƶˣķʮʱ򿪿ڵڶײҵѧȻᷴ˼ǲԼʲôǲԼڿ⣬˺λѧ
̫׽ϲһλǿЦãˣشôˡҲˣʲôҪǵģڿ
˻Ϊ̫׽ǻ˼ôãһＸѿھ͵ѧԺʦô
ðɣˣھʴô
ǰʦʹҲǹ̶ģԲǿڣ۾ǵѧԺʦ˵ܼ򵥡ǰ԰סѧԺѵʳúͽְᡣΣʦѧԺְڼ䣬Իһн꣬нѧԺͨõ㣬ǿԶһѧԺһЩƷʦһЩ顣ѧԺͼݳһЩض伮ٷ֮ʮŵȫʦǿţǴѧѧûеȨޡ
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ʵôѧԺջԭǸʱ䣬һҲͣڽ磬ѧԺлﵽǸΡʱ򻺻˵ţˣȵڰ칫ҵȺ򣬵ԽǻṫԽҪףҲʲô˶ܳΪѧԺʦġ
̫׽֮ǿʼλߡ
ֻǰȻһӣʮֵϣȥһبŲһ
ҽҶ˳Ҷۣ磬ǰμѧԺƸԡۿڣѾӵ֣˶סˣŵĿǰߡ
ȻҶǸĴڡ
ӭȷӦ˹ƣǺ֪ҲѧԺ϶ܸˡ㣬ҾѾûԵıҪˡӵŲںʦΪһǴǵ򣬵ȻӦòģ̫ʺϳΪѧԺʦˡˣȵڷϢѾ֪ͨ˺ʦڹ·ϡ
۾ȻҲڡҶţоԼԵطˡ
ҶߺǼ϶ǶһЩЦݣƸеҶʦֱ׬ˡ
ǿʼĵλߡ
һ׹ǰһŮӣĿۣͷڣһҶë֯ɵؿ磬ڴۺ˿֯£̤¹Ƥѥֳһڳߣָͨƣ֮ϣоצڿ֮ƣƽӡǣӶ֮䣬ɱա
ǵһ۾ͿŮ򵥣λߣҽܰɡ
˵ţһޱ͵Ϣɢ֮£ŮϵɱŮޱȣŵĿǣʱ򿴳ˣǵΪԶʵʵ׾ŷԷǵ磬ǰѧԺԡ
΢΢һЦˡ
׾ŷɲһˣϹŴףǱƭɷޣ˱ɱﷴĿǾͷ
ôви仰ɣеĻھͻȥ
ŷҽ꣬е㼱ӵ˵


1676 ҿԽѧ˫
Ǽٵʦ׾ŷôӣɱôصģ治ࡣ
ò˵ŷﻹǺʺϵѧԺʦģҪ˾ŷӵе
веĻҪ˲֪
ЦЦŷ׺òѧԺһˣѵľôȥ֪Ĵףûʥ˵ģƺ޷ıʵһܳΪѧԺʦʵʥҲôѡȻ˵ʥʲôģǸĳƺ磬׼ȷ˵ӦλѧԺ֮Уֱ֮ΪԪ޽ɡ
ŷﲻɵۣѧԺܳʥ
ʱûô࣬Ǻ˵ȫеĹ˼롣ʥǶǸ߲ʵģڵķǵ磬мλʥˣÿһλʥ˶ϵĴڡȻҲʥһֱΪŬ֪Ի̫ˡǵĻôָоƺʥףﶼʥƵġ
ѧԺУ䱣ʥʲôǿ϶ܣŬĻʥĸʻǺܴģѾǽ弶ĻԪ̫ҽɣʵҲԶˡֻǸ磬ʥĵ·̫һˣҲʥķ粻һֳʥķȻʵϣʥҲֻ񾳽磬滹ǸԱȵˡǻ˵ţľŷѾױȳˡ

ȫ֪ʲô磬ʥ˾֮ϣǳΪĴڣȥ֮˭Ķ֡
˵ģҼѧԺΪѧԺʦʲôСŷ϶ޱȵ˵ƳʥǷǵ˵һִֻǿһᣬѾ㸶һС
ЦЦ˵ȻģŵĻһҵľ硣
˵ţǵľ־סŷȻŷ͸оʱձ任һƬ֪򣬲֪ǰʲôʣ֪ȥδ֪ʱάȵ硣һķǰȥЩޱȵķƺֿɼһ޷⣬Ǿòܵ飬˿̶ô˳£оԼһλһڸ档
ǵľ־˻ŷﻹ־֮С
ϧⲢľ磬ܿЩĸܾʹľʧˣѾǵһλѧԺʦܵõָˡ
־̫ˣҸоǵҲˡ˹ǳ˾ηͳݡ
ЦЦͿʼʽԻڡ
ò˵ŷɱ̫أԸʲôģͦʺϵѧԺʦλʦŷԴֶ͡
ŷ֮ǿʼλߡ
ֻһ׹ǰһվ̨֮Уںеһ⣬ԵΪӢЩŹֵԴۺ죬ô˸оЩаζ
нʲô֣ôоĳˣ̲סڵкܹŹ֣Ҳ֪ĸģ͸һֺܲĸо
˶⻶ϲԷǵ磬˵ѧԺƸʦյƸ֪ͨ͹ˣҵһѧڸѧԺѧдֵ˵ţһѧԺ֧ԮѧԺҵһ㡣
ǵˣ˿̶Ѿüͷ
ʲôոһǵĴ׾ŷôһǵĶ⻶ϲϵͳڷǵ緢Ƹ֪ͨô׾ŷˣⶨ⻶ϲʲôһѧ̸ѧԺѧҪѧ˫ޣԺѧԺġǵЩɮҲѧԺ
붨⻶ϲȥڰ칫ҵȺ򣬵ԽǾͻԽ˵ţȫԶ⻶ϲֱӾҪˡ
ãõġ⻶ϲ𻹲֪ЩΪѧԺ̣˳ȥʱлЦһҪһңҿԽѧ˫ޡҵĻϲ˫֤һΣǵѧһᰮ
޲ھһŰһ߻طǵ硣
ʼһλߡ
Ϥİ׹ǰһλ׵Ůӣ˿̵ŮɫҰףһ
ϸŮӣŮӾȻԼԼҲ񾳽ΪɵÿڵλŮʿӭμѧԺԣ򵥵ҽܡ
Ůӵ˵ͷڵǿԳƺΪ磬ͨ񷨣Ƭɹŷ͵䷨ЩȫͨĻӦڳ˯֮УͻȻһѧԺ֪ͨȴһˣҲֵҵ֮ȻЩȴоǰеȫˣ˾һĺء
񣿲λصĴڡ
΢΢ϽһЩЦݣû뵽ѧԺƸʦͦߵġ֮ǰѾһҶһλ񡣺ˣԹС㣬ôƺɡ㲻֣ѧԺԶڴˣȻѧԺʦôȫԭȻ˳ֵ飬ȻͨԵ£޷ͨȥ֮ʲôʲôϾڲѧԺʦˣǿɲᶼôġ
סѵĵ˵ͷͨѧԺԣô
Ѿ˯꣬Ȼ˯
ʱЦЦȻѣԸѧԺ֮ãǿԸС
⻰Ի·Щˣո˵ЩŻô


1677 
Ȼ˵ˣǰλʦ˹¼ȡ
˶⻶ϲȫ¼ȡ
⻶ϲڸڵİ칫ңԼǶƣһᱻ¼ȡʲôģԼȴΨһһˢģʱһ̣Ҳвʣ̲סҿԽѧ˫ޣѧԺѧΪȵǲ¼ˣһڵġ
аڷǵһУǶһ㲻ԵģھͿ԰նɱˡʱȵ׹Ѷ⻶ϲԴΣ̲סǺ˼һоѧԺļλѾͨ͸ûκεܿԡ
Ҳ˵ʲôⶨ⻶ϲصǵ磬Ȼʰ
ǰдλְʦ˳ѼλʦϢѧԺڲվϡ
ʱȥת۾ꡣ
ͥڷչ٣Ѿӵ˽λ࣬ѧԺ֮Ҳ˺üѧͻƵɾ硣
磬ںһ̸ʲôǷҵеĴԲϣֻǼʱ䣬ǷֿϣΪȻ˲١ǰĿϣζͻƵ񾳽ģΪǱѾľˡٿϣǾǿľ괺ĴǱֱֵһƺͻƵ񾳽ϣ
ϸһˡ
Ȼǿϣʲô켶ıҪΪ汾ԴԲǵƼǰѹƵǱҲõ˳ֵͷšʵҲ汾ԴڱĴ߾ߣΪӦ֣Լ˵һ汾Դұʩ
ʲô飿ЩĮ˵š
ϣϴʱ򣬼ʶǵΪ˵ڻûдﵽ񾳽磬ǴﵽˣҲǵĶ֣ԶǺ𾴣˵֮ǰǲһ񣺡ģԴ汾Դ֮Ӿƿ˵̰ӵĽˮһ֮֮Ļ֮е塣ΪֹЩ岢ûʲô֮ǰһ֣һǰ˷ЩټԭЩ徹Ȼ֮ⷢһռϲ磬ڰϲ죬ԴγһռֽߵĴڣǷֽΣƽǺ
΢΢üͷ徹ȻôҰģ𾪡
ǸϲѾǧĴСһڲڼ䣬Ϊֹ壬ǱȻҲ˲ˣΪֹ˫ûκֵͣ˼ս·һڽڣ֪Ժûв֮ЩǵСսѾˣȫϲ磬ѾԤ⽫Ǻĵսϣ˵ʱԵЩء
սҪս֮УеĴվȫֲӣֱԨսѪɽսǺսԼսĴսѾʬۣĿǰѧԺܷ֮ǳԨս
սôֲҴӰǰ;ÿռЩš
˵Ѿ˹ˣʼʽ齨ӣֹ֡ϣʱ˵˵ʱԵЩ羴֮ɫ
˿˵Ǳһֱ֮֯ΪˣбļССһԱ˵ֻһǾǸս⣬˵ĸ߲ȫǱǿߣĴڣڱ˥˵ҪãÿһǱʧı䱾սƽ
֪ˣлл顣ǵ˵ͷȻûȥսζѲġ
費ҪҸԺעһ¶ϲλãϣֵ
ãѾӦˡǻڸոһ˲䣬ʶͨ汾ԴһϲѾĳԺϣ˵СˣǸϲѾֹǧ꣬ǴﵽС⻹һ˵ٶڳšϲһѵһҪһΪƵġ
ѧԺ֮УǴ˻
˼˺ܾã̲ס̾һΪǵսͣѧԺܳҲࡣ
ʮ֮ĳ죬ǵİ칫ҺȻһˣȴԺͻƵླ硣
ǣɫء
ѧ½½ͻƵླ磬ڻһĪչڻסˡ
ûȥκˣΪ֪ûܰǡ
ԣˡ


1678 ɷѿ
ǿпĪ
ʵÿѧɾһ޴Ŀ̫ȥˡҲеѧһҲֹˣûа취顣
ɷһȷ򣬱ǳҪǿҲͱͻƵɾ硣츳ֻҪ꣬Ҿð֮ͻƵɾ磬ɿܵġۺ˵š
꣬ɿܣ
ɫЩ԰ֱԼ껹ͻƲ˽ɾ磬ʱԼôðֻ꣬Ҫʮ꣬ʱЩѧ½ͻƵɾ磬Ҫˡ
ԺҡȲôãСȶڳɾˣܿʮ֮ھһͻƵɾ硣˵ţЩ
СȶҪͻôֲסˡԼűԼΪߣŵĹʱԼõĻߣᱻɳɳġЦЦѾʮ˵ͨ죬˼
Ժ֪һа취ͻƵɾģǲǣʱЩĿǡ
̫ˣҲûôͨ󡣡ǿЦԼҪ£κѧͻƵɾ磬ԺѧԺֱӹҸӣдϰѧҵˡ
ĬˣԵЩʧ䡣
ǳȥԼĻش󣬽߬ȭͷָ׶嵽棬ǾһҲʧȥһ˫ҲЩģû֮ǰ˫źأƺǦһ߿ȥһ

̲סȻһ̾ЩĲ̵ʵҲȫûа취һַԣַ̫գҲһܹɹ
ЩǿҪ˿Ȼ۾
ʱҲʲôصķӣһ֮伤еǱʱɷ֮಻඼ͻƵġһҹɷ򣬷ӡһħĶȥоɷħκδħܸԭǲȫɷˡ
ϸţ©һ֡
Ըһԡ
˵֮󣬿϶ޱȵ˵
ǵͷȴޱÿҪͻƣǿɲһ֮ͻƵģҪʮΣϰٴ֮ĥ²пܡһŲĻ֮УҲûܰ㡣
ɫأʶеΣգ˼˺ü֮󣬻ȻȻĵ˵ͷ
ΪͻƣһС
Ǻã֮ңʱҰҹɷ򣬷ӡħֲꡣ̾һ
лԺ˵ţسһ
뿪֮ǻ£ӣڰ칫ڻصţһһԵôļžį
ֻ֪ͻƽɾĿܣԼһǧʱ䣬֪һħĶҪʲôĴۡ
þŷľ磬ָҲֻľͶӰѣҪԼɷȫͶӰķʽ϶ǲеģԼɷȫγһĶȻֲ뵽ԺɷԺһŵͶӰʵڵĶ
ʱֻ죬ǼȻˣҲҵ顣
һռ䣬ԼϥУȻʶԺе淨ģͣǧַвתҲԽԽʵ
ܿ죬ʹҵɷһȷǰƾ漶Ը˳
룡
ǿţʶΪһѵһŷȥҪɷָⷨѾںһַָиһ㣬ʹԶʹ򱶲ֹ־ˣ˿Ҳ̲סҧأˮֱ䡣
ʱȥ
ָɷĹ죬㳹ɡҲ˵ʹ࣬ǲɾ磬ƶҪ
ϸˡ
Ǽʱ䣬ЪϢʼеַħ
ǻСʱ깤
Ժ
ǸոɣǱ߾˿̵ԵĶ
ɡ
˵ţһϵĺˮͲˣɫе㷢ס
߽ԺҲǵɫЩ쳣ȴҲûô࣬Ӷ˵ַħ

ʱЦЦһħƷûзӦʱѾ뵽ʶ֮С
ħ
ϲޱȣѾоħϵɷ֮
ʱ˼һ£ħˣ֮ĥˡ֪սͣѾ齨ˣֵֿţʶڰٷ֮ʮϣܻģÿһΪҲǶͻơŴ۵Ϊսླһ׵λȥӦĻҲǹʸˡ
˵ͷͻǵڶ
޷ǱзħҲá
Ͼȥ
Ҳ֪ĥԼĵطԼͻƣȻǵĽ顣
ߺǵİ칫ҺȻһˣ˪
ɶʱģһȻûз˪ɶʱġ
ǰҾˡ˪һһУҶˡԼɷҿ϶ܷһᰵиţͻƵɾ֮ǰİȫ
ǿЦȻ˽ҡ
˪ΣҲǸп֣ΪҲɷѿģֻҪô
ǰҪô
ʵҲʹԼܿ˴𰸡
УѧԺĵһλѧҲĸԽеġٳ޷ͻƣǲһѣԸ񣬿϶߼ˣʱ˴˵ʲôˡǺƽ˵ţȴôļᶨ
ѧԺ֮кһλѧΪ״ӡ
֪
ûиףĸ״ģԼʵ·ϣ䵱ָ׵Ľɫ
мڴˣ򼫶ˣ;ԲŻʹԼɷָȥ
ðɣǲ˵ˣɷָȥӰô˪룬ߵߣ򵥵ļһǵ壬ȴûзʲô쳣
ǺܴʧȥɷӦҲԺܿ۳ǵ㲻õңѵûҺúϢ죬Ȼȥб
˪̲סǷһۣˡ


1679 
ϲ磬Ӵϵ
ĿǰϵѾΪ˽ϲǰһվｨפ㣬ĳŶϲ
ǵİ칫뿪ĸ÷֮󣬾ȻȻ׼ϲ硣
һӿڸǼϢϸӵΪȻǲླ׵λ

Ϊ
۷塣
ӵ˵ͷΪѾﵽ˼ŵͱ׼
ĽսͻƲߣЩҪô֮ƴһѣѹեԼǱɹ˿ͻƾ磬Ӵһɳ죬ʧˣֻҪҲܴսôĹѫԶһ
ЩϢȫĻһݻڣļϸֻҪʶƣͻᱻ¡
νĲݣʵһֺصֶΣȵǲǷǱ浮ǻһרŵĲ˵Ǹ겨̽ģеԭ겨ȫͬڱġеһǱȶÿ˵ϢҪǴӴǼץȡݣҪɸһЩͶı
ǱģǼϢҲģԺ׾ͨˡ
Ŀǰ齨ǵ߾ţıźͼ¼ѫֻȡ֮Ϳȥ߾űˡȷ֮󣬰һºֻݸǻıžȻʮλģҲ˵֮ǰѾʮ˽սҲ⣬ʮ˿źܶ࣬ǶɽҲǰ֮еһѡ
̫ˣһ֮⣬кɳ֮СͲĴԪ磬ǧСͣ͡Ǵ͵ԭΪ档Щ֮Уܵ۾ϵߡ
ϵǺ֮еһѡ
ȡ˻º͹ѫ֮󣬰нս͵һ߰ѻǴǰս֮У¿֤ݣʶһɨĻͻıźľھ֮еְλڣֻǽΪԶְλһսʿǶսʿսʿսʿ֮ľǳսʿ
սʿ֮սͬΪһսսսԼ񽫡
֮ϻսͬΪһս񡢶սսԼս񣬲ΪܻսƺŵĶԷսֱ֮Ϊ
æЩ߾ŵӪأǵһѾΪ߾ǡ
֮󣬿ǿ֮ͣʮԶ漶ս˵֮ве񽢣ÿһ񽢾һԴ쳣
ǰ棬ѾŶӽ߾ˡ
Сֵܣ㲻ǽ۾ô͸ҽսŶ֮࣬һļԭһӣϸӺǿ࣬Եÿ˫۵ǲ󣬲ЩǣǾ²ɣͷϹģڵϣܻܿᱻһСΪȻ͸Ӧǲɡ
ܲϰӴкķʽԾЩ䵭ô涨ϲд˽۾ǿԽսô
ڨڨԥһǵĵ۾ǿԽսСֵܣܿ䲢ǰһСӡҸ㣬Ȼ˵۾Խսսʸߴٷ֮ʮϣֻۺʣϸֵÿһ磬оԽͣԽߣн۾ʸǺĴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮŵҲ˵һٸ۾սֻܻ˸ˣһˡ
һ治֪۾սʾȻôߡ
һȰ㻹ᣬûҪھͽƴԺԲϵľ磬ٽսҲ١ЩĵģǸʶ֪֣ȴһ˵ôࡣ֪ûʲôͼıģҪǲǶˣ֮пûʲôϺһ˵ֻ˾
֪бսɡ룬лӵĺ⣬Ѿ¶˾Ҫսĥ£ӶԼǱȫԼͻƾ磬Ȼܱӵһ仰ҡ
ǺðɣҽŵԺһŵ壬ǽ˾ţֵһС棬͸ңսϻᾡġЩΣ˵⻰ʱԵúϣĲСȫΪʲôôãȻսϱȻлӵĺ⣬ʵӵĻûе棬
ŵ壬лˣȽȥˡ˿ǰŶӽ߾ǵģֵԼǿ첽˹ȥ
ŵƺܿ룬߿֮΢΢üͷ
Ǳߣ˵߾֮ʱŵ˵ʮߺ񽢣Ҫ˰սʿ֮󣬲Ż͵սĿǰڻֻһˣŻҪһµʱܰйڽı⣬Ҫս֮󣬲Ż䡣
ʮߺϣȥ֮ͷ澹Ȼж죬඼ܷŵһ̫ϵ
ôĿռ䣬ʵսʿģҪսʣͬʱսġ
СֵܣɰϤǸոյŵ
ŵ塣̲ס²ˣǸոսߺžŵĶŵսϡ
סôҾסˡŵ룬սϼȻҪʿҲһƬӵĵطһ㣬ÿһʮƽ׵ķ䣬Ϊսʱ仹磬ʣµķ仹ܶ࣬ЩѡѡһȽϿ񽢴λãﳯ濴ܿ嫵ǿգܿ߾ϵ
ľǾصȴˣмŵΣľûʲôˡ
죬ϵԽԽ࣬̽սӲԶˣһ죬һʮּٵ
üͷȥš
ֻ⾹ȻվһһѴ󿳵̻һһӡ
ʲô£
ѯʵɫǺܺãϾ˭ţɫõġ
ӿӸµ㣬ȥˡ
ԭǿ䣬ʵϿ治٣ΪϵĴͺ٣ռݵλÿ˵Ǽá
вɵľֳһɱ⣬ӾȻռķ䣬ʵЩ۸ˣӵΪҲǲླһ׵λҲôη塣
Ҫŵſˣŵһֵ˳ʲôòϢˡ
ӿŵ֪ŵʲô˼
ʱŵߵǰסȻۿӣôСֵסģ
һʵѾһˣǽΪƾʲôסôõķ䣬ԾҪֱᡣȴû뵽˻ΪͷͷˣΪȻﵽ˲ླ׵λ񾳽磬Ҫ֮ϣʱЩ²̨
ʱԱѾ࿴ֵˡ
֪ȥƻиΧֲҵŵʱ˵ĻԼԸɴֱӶһݻڱ˱ʲô£սû˿Ա㡣
˵ţӿٵĳźȥ
Σһ仰˵ò˶ûɶ£ȫŵƵģܽ͡
ˣӲսҲ˻һŵ˵ţЩˣĿŵһζŵôͬ
ڶ죬ڸֲԺ֮еķħʱо񽢳΢ĲӦҪˣҲ˵Ǽսǰߣս
֪˵ʲôãӻ䣬Ǿ˹ȥҲסһҹѡΪһס˻˳Ժ˵ݣԷվ侮ʯٲ˵ġ
ʱ˷䣬ŵҲ˳
ϾҪսˡŵɫأ˳üȵս˳Ǿǧˡ
֪Ǿ仰бսɡŵ΢ЩĺøУȻûзеľ衣
񽢻գֱ뵽֮УȻΪһ㣬ʧ֮С
񽢵ٶȺܿ죬ռ䣬Բݷ漶սζȲϵģҲ֪˶ã˸оǴԽһһ㣬ٴαƽ
ʱԼķ䳯濴ȥֻһĿռϲ㣬۴αȣһ㡣Щռֻཻ֪ͨҲ֪ʱͻʹżΣա
Ƕϲ磬սˡ
뷨Ͼûн֮ǰǾ˵ս


1680 
ʱһ𣺡ˣ½
ȻͿ񽢵Ĳű򿪣սʿһı񽢣Ҳ񽢡ʱ˶Ѿǰסˣֻ֮ͣһ񽢣ٶңһޱ½أѾһΰЩʵӦó֮ΪӪŶԡ
ȻҲ𾪣ȴһ˼飬ǾΧʵ̫ŨˣѾﵽİٱֹҪЩʱԱߵŵȴֹ
Щŵ˵ţûս֪ܲս֮ŨôߣҪΪÿ춼дĲ䣬ЩĲǵ岻ϵظ֮ڵɢնʽɢսϵŨȲŻôߡӦ֪ླ⣬磬ǵľ־Ѿ͸Լ֮УɢҲһж̺ǵľ־ðȻЩĻױǵľ־ţʧȥңǷ
֮󣬰ȡ
ϸ룬ɷ򣬿һУЩ޷յδػ顣Ͳúŵ˵ˣҲֹͣգлٳһԡ
ξôôǰ߳ԽǲѹѾʮľ롣֮УһЩʧΪǰһ棬˹ʿȴֻһ򣬶ϸ˵ʵһ
ѶˣѾڼӿٶȣʼ֮гӹҲ֪ģⶼҪʱ䡣һֻ֣һһβ͵˵ţսʿģ񽢵ĽΪҲﵽ˴Բ񾳽۷塣
ðɣЩҴˣҲץҲڳ֣Ǹϲ磬ڶѾ񼶵սˡ޷˵ǶҪˡѶ˵ţЩء
ӵ˵ͷҲ֪ǰߵβֹۡ
ʱѶɵգǰİսʿӭսѪֲĵطʱܻΪΪǾҲࡣڵĻȫߣҴȥǵӪء
ЮУһȺһ޴Ӫء
ӪѾ֣дǵ߾ŵʮӪ֮УѾмˣЩϵѪζȻѾμӹս
֪ݱƵĻΪһСӣǧΪһжӣΪһӣΪһپΪһšҲ˵һŵĻҲΪƵġʵϣûһֻ˵ģܶĶᳬ༸ʮĶС
ûУ⼸սʿ϶ѾμӹսҲǰ˳ɾģȴֻʣ⼸ˡڱ䵽ǲȱģҲȥĲŶǿߡŵߣ
ﲻ֪ЩŵʱսҪŶѫǵһλģҲٴʾã˵ؼʱᱣֻȻûжŵ½ģŵϵʾãԽӵŵǲǶ⣬ʲôԼ֪ĶѾŵˡ
˱Ӫ֮еһ䡣
ʱЩûκεİţֻϤһ»֮гľǣǱŽȻĻ򵥵ĲһǣǾҪս뵽ս֮С
ҹԼķһЩ
֮ѾγһɺڶһЩɽڶ֮Уɷ֮˲̺֮־־⡣дϲΪսĻҪĵǾ޴ģǶҪòʯͲྦྷĻܸ𣬴ʱҪùѫֵһĻҲûϵĹˡ
ǿһССҡ
֮⣬ǼֲԺ֮еķħˣ֮Уĸо̫ˣǾǰɷתΪһɷһ㣬ÿһĿƶһħȻϵؽ𰸣ƶħԽ࣬ȻħҲԽԽӽԭ״̬


1681 
ʱܿȥһ˶˳
վ˺ϸһ£ֽսʿǲٵģռ֮һࡣϸһˣ޷ͻƵʵ̫֮࣬еһֲֳֻ̬ΪǱľͻս˾֮ˣҲŵùԭ
ʱһѹϵһٽ۾һƬλɫ԰ףҲòȥȻվţͷѾϸܵ亹ʵѹô£Ҫѹ֮Яֱ̹ǣɱ
ߣһһʲô䵽ǳһʮֻһɫף׶࣬ȫëʢЩǵԶԳ˵˹󻹸ʮˣϢҲҲԲ񾳽硣
պˡԱһЦЦ
ʱԱߵŵѾλǳĽһλ񽫣ӹġҶԳ񽫣Ƣƣڷ֮жǺպǱֵ£ô
Ϊʲô㲻˵ڷ֮жǺպӦʵɡ֡
ʵǲƢ꣬սҲǺֱײûʲôԣµսʿߵġȥ˽ˣǽӪصʱʣµļˣʵǲŲμӹսѡ˵ʱŵɫǺܺãĽȱս͹ѫҲÿ졣
ҲǺȻս˾ֻмˣʲôٶȡ
ʱǱߵĻԳѾʼŸǻֱˣΪҸûвսʵǿҲԾֱӰΪ֡ѡôԲ񾳽ĳУȻҲжʮˣȻԲȴ˶ٶʮˣλ֮ࡣ
ԶģʮԲΪ˴ӳÿ˿ͳһˣȻִԲ֮ʮˣҲΪ˴ӳһ㣬֮ǰʣµĳӳе˴ӳһȻһٶʮλ֮ࡣ
ֱֻƵķֱܴҲĿǰͨõһֻ֣Ȼû˻
ҲǰչӳѡжӳԲλǷ׷׳Ϊжӳͳǧ˶顣ЩԲλֿʼѡСӳλǳΪСӳŵҲɹıһжӳУΪ˿ͳ˵Сӳ
ʱŵȨѡԱԥľѡ
ԽӵĶŵڿѡλʱŵȴѡԼѵ뱣ԼɡڣûоܾʸֻýŵСӡŵѡʮλλľȫǽ۾ˣΪԴ㣬Ҳûдﵽһˣֻаʮһˡ
ŵ˵ʱ˵ĿԼǻأҵĿԴԭ֮ǰԼ᷿ӣȻԼһж֮С
ߡ
ӿԼȻһʮƵƣȻͲٿˣѾ϶һս
黮ϣĥˣֻһµʱѡ
ڼ䣬רŵ˸ռһ¹ѫԼսϵսƷ
лùѫķʽֻһǾɱ壬ɱԽ࣬õĹѫԽ࣬ɱΪԽߣõĹѫԽࡣŵĻɱһλԻһٵ㹦ѫһλԻһǧ㹦ѫһλԻһ㹦ѫǵԲ񾳽磬ȴǳְٱɱһԲǰѫһԲһڹѫһǾǰڹѫҲ˵ɱһ񶥵ɱһλλ
εսƷ޷ֱӶһɹѫȴԳۣרŻսƷĵط˶սƷˣȻûõĲʯͲྦྷάսϵģֻеսƷ֧ĵʱ򣬲ŻѡùѫһϾѫܶһĶ࣬ȲʯͲྦྷҪĶࡣ
һµʱȥһӪصĺŽǱˡ
˶֪Ҫˡ
һԼסսʿǣҲٵĸȥˣΪСӳŵѾڵһʱ䵽ˡ
Ҫսˡ
巢ȻûӦڵеѾѪڣ޲ȥɱºպչѫ
ʱŵ
ʵһµദ֮УСӵ˶ŵչˣҲöԱǶǺܲܡ
˵ʲôŵҪչˣҲܾˡ


1682 һǰ
ոմӳǿ˻ᣬ˵ǳ䵽ħħ֮нΪ͵ȵħɣħһصǲױɱΪնɱǵʱǿǵ壬ҲһЩ嶯һٵİ帴ԭֻ̣Ҫĺٵһȫͬġŵ˵š
Χ˱ӵĿ⣬ʮַŵС˵Щ֮ǰѾ˸ѵֲǲ֪
ӳ֪ϾҪսҾӦùһ¶ԱǵʿսǰԱһˡ룬Ѿŵ޿̵ĵز˵Ҳ˲ٵĴ̡
ŵһû뵽ᷴӦôǿңڨڨȥսǰ׼ˡ
ŰСʱԳˣվţ֣ɱˣѪȾⲻ֮ս֮Ĵ֮սǰˣͻᱻռ죬֮е鶼ΪūǱ뿹ѪսףֱһѪһˡ
Գ޴˶˵ģò˵˵ĵҲʱʵΪսȷһʮΰ顣
Գ˵࣬ʿĲˣͿʼ˴γս񣺡ħ壬һһ壬ǹˣȻƹǵĴ󲿶ӣͻϮǵפӪأֱǰǶϹˡ廹ֱ̣ܲҵʱ֮ˤӣȫ̲ˣԾ񣬰֧ħӸϻȥ
̣̣
ڻԳ˵֮˴˶ǺʱҪǲĻƱץסԺ˵ͻᱻСЬʱҲǿˣЩȺ˿϶УȻģܸĴѪȣɱԼϵһ
Գǻ棬ϸսսǰԱҪСаġ
ˣԳһǻʲôȫǡ
ǣ
ǣ
ǣ
һأУַϷĸо
˵ĳֱӵ񽢣һҿŻȽ£һЩƣҲǼ۵񽢡˽ӵ񽢵һʵһսģǱȽǿľˡӦþβ󲻵ģҲ֮ǰĴԡ
ŵСǽǱȽƵһ񽢣ֻװʮˣҶʵƫĶ顣
Ȼǲá
Ҫսˣýš֮˵ţҲ˵뷨ˡ
֪һս֮Щжܹǳ̾һ֮ǰսһս֮ԱҪ롣
ڽ䣬һԲ
ȻҲܽţŵ˵ģбսɡ
ͻƣɹ뱻ѧԺѧһԽ
һνսԼĿûдţһҲܷӳԲսһҪĴĲྦྷ԰˵ĻսҲ˶ãһȻҪԼǱͲܸԼº֣֮ضӶһͻơ
֪ڳôȻ˿ڵ
ʱ򶼺ĿΪҶԼһұȽƵ񽢣Щ⣬˿̺׾ͱ˵Ļˡ
ô񽢻ʲô£һλӳЦҿ˵͸û¯ˣǽһֱţ˶û취ҪҿҲٳΣȻ󶼲û¯ˣֱӾͿԱˣΪֻʣһͭҲûܿ
Ļ˶ǴЦ
ʱ֮ǰӿڵҿǶ˵Щó֪ս϶Դšߡ
˲Ŀӣ֪ɶ˼
ʱӻʵʱ򣬳սʿʵǶǴӸǼʼ֮гķˣ˵ˣĲʯû˸ṩʱͳĻԳҲֻһӳѡһȫ֮սʱűȳˣΪ˾ȴǿҪΪȡʱ䡣ʱ˶óķǻɢӣһɢǶˣһʮսʿĲˣȴû˺һΪŵĳȡ˱ʱ䣬˵ľڵʱѪɽսϣκһӶȲϡ˵ĳսʿǱ˳ķţ⽱˳һ񽢣Ҳһǰ񽢡
ӵĻֶǾĵġ


1683 
ǴһųȻʷʱ˿һǰ񽢣Ҳȫòһˣȷһͨ񽢣ųľꡣ
񽢳ųʿռ䣬ȻһƬǿռϲĵ
սˣ˴˿̵뷨
棬һ޼ʣɳʵǻɳʬȼպĹǷֻۣҫ£ԵЩɫѡ˿̣սʿǶɫأ֪ԼЩ˾ͻħħչһսʱ֪ж˿
½
һ£˷׷׷ɳ񽢣ȻѸٵкá
ŵС֮УʶԾͷųȥΪңŸָĿռʹųţʶֵķΧ̣ҳŲͬķȥľҲȫͬеķܿԶеĿܲǰľ룬ʵԲҲ˲Ϣ֮ܵ
ʱȥת۾͵֮
Ȼһ죬ռ˲ֻһҰﳤƿռ̻ħͼڣҫںɫĹâ
ħ
֪˭һսʿǷ׷׶ʣ׼ӭս
ʱȴľһˣʱ֮һ޴ȭӰ滹ȼܻ棬˺ѿռͳħ񽢺ȥ˶Ǿˣһȭɴһϵһǧ磬ǻԳˡɾʱħһɫĻǻһԼ
䣡
ԳһȭϣĻȥˣȴȫûѵ˼ȻǵһУħ񽢸˻ȥֱ֮еɳȥڹͣ
ʱֳ֮һ׹⣬ֻзһöڵĶֱų
˴˿̶Ҫˡ
Ҫ֪ϵڣ޴Ŀǰߵȼ߼ڣ񶼲ءڵĵȼܴﵽ߼һ񽢿϶Ѿ䱸ڣǰħöġû䵽˳֮Уһɱʮĳսʿ
ԳȻҲ֪ЩԵһʱͿʼء
ֻһȭȥ޴ȭͷڵ棬Ȼڰڵľˡ
ʱ򣬳ĴԲȫˣΪһŶԷץȥȻܴݻ񽢣ȴֹ롣һסħ񽢣ǾһͷҰޱסˣáʱħĽҲ޷ѣ񽢵ĲţԾ˳ȥһеնˡ
ͬʱһħսʿ֮г˳
ȻվıȽϿ󣬵ǿñȽһħսʿǸһֺͽẓ́ܶԴҲ۾ߵӡ
ɱ
ħĽһʱгʮħսʿͳ˹
䣡
ʱͬʱںըԷѾɢûиԷرصҲнħսʿڵĺ»Ϊ˷ɻҡ
ȫ
ԳʱһսʿҲ˳ȥ
ɽ𽣣˿̵ĸоȫһģɱʱܶˣ߾ǸɴһöڷԼԼӵо̼ĴԷٵתָоԼעһ֧˷ܼһɷĵúƿأҲ˲ﵽ˼¡
ɱʱһСĴӣӳһλԲһȳȥеһնȥ˲һλλ񼶱ħսʿն롣
жӳҲǴͷ棬СӳǣŵʱĿ˿֮г˵ģһᣬҡУҪȥɱħĲ࣬㲻ǵĶ֡
ĬˣԼĴ㡣
սûܿ϶ĿԱΪҲ֪ԼʲôĶ֡
ųĳ棬ʼ˵һսǵսעͬͨˣֻսӵһķΧ
еɽ𽣳һɱħսʿ̽ȥȻһһĶˣŶԷϢʧ¼ѫִֻ01010ĹѫмħĽսʿҪΧһն˹ȥֱӰһħսʿֱ۸ն룬ԷȴѸٵһֱۣȫûܵӰ졣
֪ħ֮ǵؼģȫصġɱħսʿһǴݻʱͬʱݻǵ꣬һǻٵǵԺˣЩÿ˶ԼⷽñͿһ˲֪ʲôģڴ̴ħʱȴ̽һǴֵĶֱ뵽ħĴԣǵԺ˸ȡһɱħ֮󣬾ͱһħλһ⽴
ȥ
ħһλע⵽һѷɵ˹ֱüĶ
սôңӦʱ򣬷ɵ쵽üģһо˲併٣ֶĿ˲˼άԾ򱶶ֹȻԼ֪ԼģȻһֻ̽ǰһץץһڶȻѷɵɵС
ħ岻ҲסˣȻŵȵè
Ȼη岻ֻ࣬һĲླһλ֣Ҳ˵ȡʤҲǻöԷû취ڵһʱ䣬ޱȽǲλħλ嵽ߣλħĽ۾ȴǴӺնһģȥ˹ȥս⣬˷㽻ֵĵˣһ̾ͻᱻɱˣҲ㱻һ˸͵Ϯ֮£һˡ
㿪֮ȴһ㣬Χħսʿ
ǿֲһ۾λ඼ǳ˹ȥҪˡҲסΣٴν٣ǰζģȻڶ̶һӲԵλΧħ۾սʿĻλȥĴȫתһޣֱӴԺ֮еķħתƶЩɷİ廯Ϊһꡣ
գ
һǱѹ˼µף͵ر˿ֱֲֻһλħ岻ȥԼΪһڶȫûټȻڶԷûзӦʱһӾȻѶԷ˽ȥ
ע⵽һĻ˶ɵۣǳ˰


1684 Ϊ˹ѫ
ɲЩһλλ֮࣬ǰûиɹ飬Ǵ˿ȴȫıһȻ˲ɷĸһ壬ǾһлŵĶΪԼһ֣ΪԼԸΪʳһ
Ҳʱλ࣬һλλĵˡ
Ѿȫ˻һһȭؿڣһһıϡһ̣ϴһױԴףҲǸо˺ʹ࣬оԷҪ˺Ƭ

дȻľ飬ɷȴҲٴηӳŵܣһɲֵ֪֮Ȼһ֮֮жԷɵǰζģɷ򻹴ﲻֲΣƣԷɣƺûʲôɵġ
̶ֻ̼֮䣬ɷѾǰޡ
û
λǾΧȴɱһλλͬ飬ﻹʲô۾
λħսʿ֮࣬ȴǺԥٴγʱȴת˺󣬳Զ󳷣ȻԸ˵İΧ֮СλħսʿߣȻһ㶼ҪѾ϶һλصĳţѾ¶ıɱһ·׷ڹλħսʿ͸оΣգֻ֮һӰȻһֲ׻Ȼλλ񼶱ħսʿǱ׻˷顣

ϤȻŵոѾѰ˿̺òҵȴǷ׷ɱֱӳֽɱһλ׷ɱħλ
ãӦ
ȴǾܾˣŵǲܵ飬ŵ뱣ҲԸŵ
ŵ֪˵ʲôãʱʣµλоŵҪȴֱӳŵҪȰŵɱˡ˶λ񾳽磬ŵ׵編򣬵Ҳһ㶼¶Էת˲ͺͶԷսһ飬ҲϾ˼
ҲٴγɱҪĿҲʼЩħλ
սϵؼȥֱӴһСʱֻ֮еʬ壬Ʋ࣬ϾħҲʲôǿ塣ʱֻħӪ֮УȻ˳˵ģʮħսʿ׷׳һռϲ֮ȥ
ħˣ
ҪӮˡ
䣡
ʱ򣬻ԳٴδֱӴ׷ɱħĺŽǣһٰħ뷨սʿǣ׷ȥɱǡ
ʱʮĳսʿͻɽһͷǶϲռ䡣
ڴ˿ħˣɾʤ׷ոѫʱһҲɱۡ
׷
ŵʱҲԼʮһСӣھȻʮ˴ҲǴϲ
һʵһֱսһСʱܶħ˵ǳսʿҲأԵĸоͬһλħλ֮ǰܷӳʮʮսֻ߰˳ˡȴԼɷ򣬲ϵħսʿ֮еûģӾʵѾնɱʮλħλʮλ۾ɱһλ˵λ
˿ħŶϲռȥ˶׷˹ȥŵҲǴˣ޲ֱӳ嵽ǰ棬ոѫȴһֲԤС
˵ʵѧԺ֮л޹ģ仰һ˵ǡĪ׷һ˵ǡĪ롯ֱ̫ǰˡǿռϲ֮ʶʲôǶԷںһ֧ӣ׷ȥĻܾܿ뵽Է壬ʱȫûпܡ
ЩĵһӦ˭׷˭׷ԼԲǰڻҡ
ŵȴӣ˶ʵ̫ˣʲôΣգԼѵĻʱŵ˶Լ᲻֮С
£ҪԵԼıģŵûж֮ǰҲǲ֮ˡ
ԣʱֱӴŵ壬ʱȱ׷ħ˵̫ͻȻˣ㿴ǳ˵ʱ򣬾Ȼ룬Ǽƻõһһǿռϲ֮塣
ŵҪ嵽ǰˣĴȴ͵ͣ˽Ų
ȻĻֻûиںˣϾһЩɢħսʿ
ŵͣ£ĶԱҲǷ׷ͣ˽Ų
ӳô׷ˣʵ
ں棬ǵһŵ룬Щε˵
ʲôΪ˵ͣģǻȡѫĺûᣬôˣ׷׷ˡһԱ˵ţȴѸٵĳȥһ˸ȥˡ
ŵҧҧ󲿷˶ܵǰ棬ʼոѫסˣûм׷ȥ
ɾЩ˳嵽ϲռ䲻ӣԶĶϲռ䴦Ȼ˾޴ıըֱӰѶϲռ䶼ըˡʱŵޱȣֻȻһ˲ö䵽׷ĳУʱͿĳսʿӣһ˲ʮսʿȥʱҲħ񽢣Ƕϲռ֮һ塣
ǲʲôӦһöǵһʱͱڵĳ˳ȥõ뻹㹻ԶȻһǱɡˣҲܴҲ˲ôˣ֪ˣոջʣ߰ʮĳһһˣʣµҲᱻħһĲʳ
˼ģͶߣǰˡ
˵ʵ˭Ҳû뵽սֻ仯ô죬ת֮䣬ոջƳ죬ΪʤֵĳȴǳΪɥ֮Ȯÿ˶
°ܾѶ֣Ȼ˭Ҳ޷תƣսĻǾĵˡ
ԣҲǵһʱŵһӳȥͬʱŵģжʮһӵսʿҲ֪СǲҲֻʣЩˡ
ΨһܱȽֹ۵ľǵŵͣˣûм׷ȥʹΧܵĻȽơ
˶ʮɢħսʿӳս򣬲˵ʵǱֱӴģû񽢴˿̶֪ôȥΪȥ·ϣҪ󼸴ȽյĵطǲλΪ޷ȥ
ô죿
ŵһλսʿüͷѾѪۡ
ŵ˼һ£Ҳûʲô⣬ʱ򲻽֮ǰѣûĻѾˡ
ôԾʵ
ֻӳս򣬵ħʤ֮󣬿϶սɨЩߵĳսʿȫɱ˼ţҵʱ¿һսλõܱߵѡսˣܿͻᱻռ죬ǳӣǾͶԣʣ¿ȥֻЩˣƼȥ
һָŵ۾һҼǵǶϲĿռ˵һԪײϲ֮γɵģΪĿռཻ֮棬ҲĿռҵشҲʺ϶ءʱħĴȥˣҲδܰǸѳ
˵ͷҲ˼
ߣΪʲôҪģ
üͷһ۾֮ΪģʵǲӦġ
ŵʱȴǺߵո֪ΪʲôͣôΪǰϲռ֮󣬿ܻǵʱҪǸһͣǶѾˡԣܻʵҪмҾ˵еԱΪǸռʺǶصĵطԾȥǣھ͸Ͻȥ
һȺ˲Ծסֲõʱŵͣԭŵŵûƭǣȷʵӵؾһ
ûٺ˼˵ʲôˡ
ߣ
ŵͷһһǶʮˣֱǿռȥ
һ֮ǽ뵽˿ռ
ŵʱ֣ԭֹǾʺ϶أĳսʿȻǶ㵽
Ŀռ仯Ī⣬ܿһȥΪռĴңֱӾ͵֮⡣
һȺһطȫʼ
ҲһȻûϵģҲ˲ơ
ȥƻȫˣʱŵߣ鿴ԼĹѫ
Ƴһۣǧ㣬൱ڸոյһս֮УŵȻɱʮλͬλ
ŵ塣
ŵӦע⵽Ҳûʲô˼ģֱӺһ䡣
ŵƺĳ˵Ӱһ㣬º͵ЦЦҿսһ֮ϢûκεļӺܺôӦսϵĽô
ðɣս֮ϣʱΣһ˵Ǳȫֲô֪ôߣ룬ڸոսʱ򣬾ͿʮսʿȻսֱ֮ͻ˾磬ǷƽʱǾ꣬δؾͻơ
ŵ˵ͷȷǴ󲿷սһԭ򣺡أһֱ˵ԼбսɣѵҲΪͻƾ磿˵ʵҪһҪȰһ䣬㻹ᣬͻƣҲüһʱôΣյķ
ЦҲðգǿԼͬѧһͻƣȴһֱ޷ͻƣԴ
ԼһϣȥԺæ
˵ˣŵأΪʲôս룬ת˻⡣
Ϊ˹ѫŵ˼һ£ޱȼᶨ˵ҪѫһǧĹѫ
ѫһǧ㣿⡣
ΪҪһҪһǧ㹦ѫֵܶһŵ˵ţ˿ܸоŵ־ġ
ֻһǧĹѫʲô
Ҳ˵ŵҪԼҲѹѫһ£ɱͬһλܴչô๦ѫô
ٻһ˵һսŵĹѫҲ˵Ҫμսӽٳܴչô๦ѫ֮ǰֻսҲֻʣ˼˶ѣٳսܻģмˡ
˿Ҳλŵ˺棬ΪʲôҪ˲Լ


1685 ǵо
׷һŵҪһʲôԼΪʲôҪһŵȴôԸشˡ
һᣬеĻ΢ôһ㡣
ϲռĳһӰţһ߾޷ħսʿ
ڸոִսʱ򣬸ûע⵽ȻץȡϰٵħսʿһλԲ񼶱ħսʿ˲Ǳˣǡ
£ֲ֪ԼĴڣȻΪԼȻҲ𲻵ЧˣǱֻΪԼģ˿ȴջԭսϣָߣɶо
ϾԼķģҲֻ֮һȱʧķ̫ˡ
ڸոһս֮Уץһٶо󣬿ʼķ򣬶ֻʱ䣬ѾɹĽһԼûյ·ջ񲻿ν
ιˡ
˵ţʼоѾһǧŰپʮַ򣬼ֵĻܴﵽǧ֡
ǰҪ꣬ҲֻҪһµʱ
Ǳߣڰ֮ȫֹͣ˻ָ
˿ǿһֻŵ˸£ߣı˵ˣħʼɨвٵħսʿ뵽ովǳһСǣСʣµʮһȫɱĻҪȻ֮⻷޷֯ΧɱǣǲϵɨħɱСӵĸʺܴ󡣡
˶
Ȼһ֮Ǿһ֧ʮ˵ħСӣ֧Сӵʵûг֣ʮѾŵ˸ɱˡ
Ǹڵ磬˵ڶ֧ħСӣǾûôˣΪ֧СӾȻʮˣȻûλ񣬵λ
ŵһʱͷ˲ԣԷླ׵λһһĻаɱκһһԶĻֻܱ֤Ǵƽ֣һĻҾûʤˡһĻǿҲǶ֣͸Ͻ취߰ɡ
һ̣˶Щж
û˵ʲôȴҲ֪ǶʮŸ˶սԷʮˣʵʤ㲻ΪŵһסħСӵλ񣬿ǶԷʮλ񣬶Ƕʮ棬λֻʮ߸ˣҲǾ޴󣬳ЩСλҲŵһһжȻǲܵ顣
ɷ˵ģħСӾͷ˹ռƣΪԶŵˡ
˲䣬һȺսһš
һߡ
ŵȻͷҲصһն˹ȥħСӵλȦС
һĻж
ֻһ֣Ǿ¶Եİ࣬Ƕ֣еһλ۾ͬͱħսʿһˡ
ʱһλһҪԴ
Ҳʱ֪޷ˣóȫʵȻһСӿ϶ȫû
ǲ˼ģӰһԶٶȣλħλսʿĵȥȻһб̹ħսʿԴǹԴһץ֮г˺ڶֱӸɵˣȻһɾһˬ
һǳɣѾע⵽
Щ˶¶˾ޱȵɫʲôʱ۾ɱ࣬׾ˡ
ɵƯ
һսʿͨ죬һˡ
ЦЦ֪Լʵõ˱˵Ͽɣ֮ǰмСͬ飬˿ѾǶĿ࿴
ɱ
һħսʿŭָơ
ԾģȻһλλħսʿʱλλսʿԮսһ顣
飡
ײ̶ȴǲ¶࣬λλԱҪ࣬ʱ￴ոջɱλħλ񲢲żȻ
Сӣҳ֮ǰСˣȻǵ۾ҶδĶ֡һʮֺλԱ˵ţЦݡ
㣬̫͵ˣû㿴ҾȻ㡣ЦЦһ˵ӶǰûӦ
սڼ˶λħսʿ·磬ҲûȡʲôԵơ
λϸ磬ڻҡ
˵ţȴһԤϵĶȻȫħսʿĹӳһףȻһSελٵĳһħսʿ
Сӡ
ǺλԱľٶˣȴǰ˵ģһʱһλԱסĸħλ
ѡΪĿħսʿȻҳûзӦۿһҪ̴ԼؿڣʱԱߵһλͬ鷢һĻһҪնˡ˭֪¶һЦ⣬һֻеֺȻһսȻӰһܿһȻһ̴˵һλħսʿԴԺ˸ˣͬʱһԮֵħսʿսֱӿϣ̶İԴҲ
ս鵶֮ĴУĽױԴһֱҲصֶΣ鵶նУλħսʿ궼ˣûлĿܡ
˲䣬Խ׻ɱλλħսʿѾˣ㡣
á
ŵһĻ̲סͨ졣
ɱ
ʱħһλλǴоĿ£ؼֻǽ۾ȴսԺͻˣָε˵á
ҲвλΧɱŵλ񣬾Ȼһλɱ
һȴȻ壬ֱӭȥ
һýһõѵõһĴԲûʸӵСټɷ򣬶񣬾Ȼֻ΢·磬ȫûΣաͶԷ֮£Ҳ˶ǿɵֻۣо۵߸۾ô
ҲֵŵѹȻʹŵתۿҪħλնɱ˿ȴǻѪһ㣬ԽսԽ£ѹħλλͬСӳԱҲʿǣǿϣսħһȺսʿ֮ǰӡ
˽սʮӣȻһŭ
ֻŵϾȻһɼǿƣǸλ
ŵӳͻˡ
֪˭һ˶Ǽޱȡ
һλλǿȫͬλȫתڵս档
Ȼŵͻֻ֮ǳλ񾳽磬ȴһͰħһλλˡ
һλħλ񿴵һǶ·ӣǻλҲ˵ȻҲתܡʮħսʿҲǷٵ˸ɾ
׷ˡ
ŵԱǻ׷ȥȴֹǣҸոͻƣѷ׷ȥҲ޷ǸϾɱ˵ħСӣʵǲֵðգʱĻǻԱΪ
ҲǾе
ʱŵҿһսһսǶʮ˾Ÿֻжʮˣȴնɱʮħսʿһһλħλսʿ׬ˡ
򵥵İսƷһ£ŵΪͻƺҪĲྦྷͲʯеĲྦྷͲʯʱ򲻻ŵʵǿǲŸϣھԮ֮ǰ
˵ز˾ߡ
ŵ˵ţǰ·תһȺ˾ʧˡ
֮һεɭ֮УʵԭԪɭ֣û뵽ڴԪײ˶ϲ֮ﻹܱ
һ·˿ڿԺúЪЪˡ
ǰһս㵱ȡ׹ûǣסһλħλҿܶͻƵʱ򣬵ʱұɡŵʱп˵Ļ˶ԱǵĹ˿û֮ǰӡ
һӵĶԱ˵ͼˣҪõʵԵĶÿ˸Ҹ׵㣬ҲµġЦЦöԱǶЦ
׵ȻܣһǰĹͣȻһȺ˾Ϳʼ
תۣѾһ֮
ûеԮ˿̵ǵоȴȡͻԽչȻһ֮ڣŲµķ
ķȻﵽǧ֮ࡣ
淨ģΪӵƣʵҲһ̨ףȻûдﵽ߼ĻԪ޼ɾ磬սȴǿˡ
ŻʣµЩҪо壬ǿõζ
ǰĶǱȽϼ򵥵·򣬺ľûôˣƾ漶ԣҲֻʱѡ
һھ䣬˻ʱ򣬺Ȼ֮һ񽢵ײײĳ뵽һƬĿռȻ󲻼ټӦǽ뵽ĳռҵش
ǳһǰ񽢡


1686 Ա
ʱߣŵҲվҲǽ񽢡
ʲôⶼˣôһǰܵѵһ̴˰겻ɡ˵˵ȫǱǰˡһǿԿ϶ģһǰڳҲֻг˲ܲݣϿ϶гڣΪ϶ͣ˶û񽢵ĿȨ
ЩҲ۾һ
ǱΧһֱ޷뿪ᱻħѵϵĴҲĵĲˣʹеҪȥ
ߣȥһǰ񽢡
ŵ˾ǻȥϣ
˭ƾԼ޷ȥ
СӵĳԱǲ
һȺ˳ˣΪǵʶҲ޷Ѱһǰŵ׼ȷ㣬һǰ׹ʱǴµλãǻǿˡ
һ֮һǰŵ׹㸽
ռ佻һǰ䵽ĸСĿռ֮ڣҲôҵġ룬Ҳûʲô취Сռ̫ˣǲ·Ļܿ·
ŵ˵ͷҲ֪ЩһǰĿǰ˻ȥϣ

ŵȻͣ£ȻһﾹȻҲһռڡ
ʱֻǸ߳ʮħսʿΪ׵һλȻǲླλ񾳽硣
ˣŵԸܵԷԲǳ벻ླףǴﵽ׵۷塣
ԲǶ֣Щ˼һ𶼲Ƕ֡
˵Էʮ֮лλླףϢҲﵽ˶׵۷塣
ЩǴһ
ӣ
ŵ˼ģ˶Ƿߡ
ʱҪͶԷսǾˡ
û취ʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ⣬ȻϿԾסһλԷĲླףǻλأؼһλླ۷塣
ǣҲŵһλ񣬻ǸոͻƲġ
Էʵѹǡ
ܵĻ˭ٶ˭ıȽϿ죬ǾռڱȽϽռ֮Ŀռ֮ڶƼ£˦ԷļʺܴҲŵôܵԭ
սȫû
ܵĻʿԱסһϵˡ
ٶ֮УҲͱȸոͻƵŵһ㣬ԶԱģļʸ
ɱǣ
ħսʿӦ˹Ϊ׵Ĳླλһ˶׷
ಣ
һ뿪ռ䣬ӵλԱȴҲûдռ
û취飬սôѪȣƽ顣
ʱѾһռ䣬ŵһ𣬶Ǹ֮󣬲ҪȥҴңֱȥһǰţ취ȥŵʵҲףħλླ׵λ񣬿϶׷ڴǲǺ
û˵ʲôʵŵĽѾʧˡ
һռ֮ǰһƬɫ硣
ֲǵģЩֲȫյˣ˻ҳŶǻɫġ
ǽΪħЩսʿûбҪ׷
һͷ;ˣһħ岻ླ۷λһħ岻ླһ׵λ񣬾ȻȫƬռ䣬ǳġ
ֻһ۾
һ˲䶼ҪԼǲλˣȻΪʲôླ۷ĶҪ׷š
ܿ죬ˣԼһơ
ֻн۾ΪĻٶȶȲླ׵ŵˣñôǽ۾϶ΪǹΪʵô˵Ҳǲླס
ΪʲôǲླףǵĻ߾λλ񣬻ӸƨֱӸɾˡ
Ա˲׷Źֱ֣ӾͰСӵĶˡ
ϲǶֻ֣ʹܡ
ʮռ䣬Լ·ˡ
ǳź濴ȥλླһ׵ħսʿϣ֪ܵȥˣλླ׵ħսʿȴһ㣬ҧţ˵ľ뻹ڲ
Էһֱ׷ţҸӲ
룬ȴǺ˺ģǲླ۷壬ҽսһսԡ
ɴ಻ˣֵֽͷۿŶԷ
ħλսʿҲ۵ĹǺͣҲɱڣûʲôϻ˶һ̣ɱ˶Է
һһϣͬʱɱȥ˶Է·λħսʿҲ˫ȭϵشȥӲİĵҵ죬ֳȥ
ླ۷Ϊȳ벻ླǿʮֹ
˿ҲʶĲ֮սϵĲ࣬Ǳ֮кսĲ࣬ʵǿ̫ˡ
Էһ־Գϵס
ԭ׷ôõһһȻĲǲླ׵λ
֪һ۾ôôġ
ҲѧԺ̵Ŀγ棬СѧṦѧɷͨĿɲ١
ҲǲˣȻһ۾òླ׵λƨȥǰλղ༶
һ۾൱۴УеȭͷעҪĳҹһȭȭĶҪռҴˡ
ͲԼһλ۷ħսʿɱһ۾
һȥʮӹȥҪˡ
ڽ۾ôǿˣ
˵ս۾ôĸ쵰ͳƵģı̬ǲûͳڡ

ŶԷڴ֪ԼȴĻˡ
ԷΪ̫Ӳɿ϶ɲԷֻܱԷ
ΨһȽƵľԴԴϣϢԷȴֻĵķݣڿŶԷأ͸֧ˣʱ
˵ʱʱ죬һӾͼԼķ«Լȥ«ͱһô
«ܻΪһڶһǿҪѶԷɽȥ
Ϊޣȫ߶ĻҲɲླһ׵λɲླ׻۷ģ϶ܡ
ȻҲ˵«ͶԲླ׵ûˣԽסԷԷҪ벻棬ֳһֿ«֮
ʱѡĺܺãԷأʱֳһֿ«ǻҪ
ȥɣ
һԼԤϵģԷȻɵˣһŵӡ
һ۾ȻôߵȼıԴ
ǲླ׵ĲˣҲֻһԭ⵽˭ǲࡣ
ЩҲûˣһֲʱֻۿһһ߰á
Ҳùġ
һһ壬ʱ֪ŷһȻ«һѾץסĸ첲
ҽһԷָ档
һɣ
ħλླ׵սʿţŨŨĲʣڿٵʹ
Ҫʲô
ҲݣѵԱ
뵽ʲôԷףܿ˶ԷĴ㡣
һҪˣҲҪһᡣ
ҲŲҪһ
һ̵ٴαŶԷֱ۾Ϳ˹ȥһȻûϡ
ˣħԼһʯΪһĴڣʯ޷ָˡ
Ҳħһּȴɱﵡ
Ѳġ
ƨ
ЦȴٴһȥβǳŶԷֱۣǳԼֱۡ
ʱˣֻ׳ʿˡ
ָܻĵ´顣
㡭
ħλླ׵սʿһǸźһ죬ΪƬѪģҲǵ˳ȥȫѪģϵҲһƬƬġ
ãǱסˡ
ֻ״̬һСʱ֮ڣһӲҪһλħսʿһλ۾սʿҪ군
ǧˣ
⡭
̧ͷȥԼһƣѻ죬ֻһλħսʿˣһǲླһ׵λ
ʵ֮ǰ˵λħսʿһ׷Ǹһ
ǿİɣ
λħսʿоսϢСģûһ̽ɾô̽ӣҵ
ˡ
ĬȻһԼҪˣֵҶе֡
ȵȣ
ע⵽˺棬֪ɶʱһˣôôϤ
Ǹһô
治֪˵ʲôԼĲôҪ˷ֱɱһô
ಣ
λħսʿѾȻҪɱˡ
Ѿ۾ʱѾϳɱԼͲˣԼˡ
ɾʱǰ˽ײֻǸҪӵǰһսסħսʿĹ
Լ
ǰӣЩãˡ
ʱԼķ䲻ɣӦǶԼɱ֮ôΪʲôҪԼѵǾɱ
ŸʲôϽָ
ӻͷЩ¡


1687 Ҿһһ
ҪҲλΪұ֤ԼħλĶ֡
ҲʤˣҲҪˡ
ʱҪħսʿ˶ʧȥսֻܵˡ
˵ͷȻΪʲôҲ֪ʱץʱָʵ
ʼԼĴָ棬óһƿѧԺƵĸƷɵһʮš
˰壬޸ϵơ
Ķϱ۴ϸԾޱȣһϸγµϸȻۿɼģֱ۾ͳ˳
ֱûоӲȫ϶ҪѼʱΪ塣
ǱߣӺħսʿΪ಻󣬶൱
Ҳˣҷ򣬶СȾַ򣬺֪ȷȴǸˡ
ڵСѾȫ̫һĲһȷۿžҪԴͻƵླ硣
ͣ
ħλսʿһ̴ӵСʹѡ
ԤһѶԷһ첲ȫƴ˻ˡ
Կս澹Ȼһصֱ뵽˶Է֮УŶԷԺ˶ȥ
ɷ˰ɣмˡ
ɫҸԷ˻ˣΪҷˣһ׶Ǳ˵ˣ׶֮Է塣
ħսʿȻɫ䣬߶׶֡
׶ʵ£ҪĴ͸ӻᡣ
Ǻԥģսųħսʿնȥһһת۾֮ࡣ

ħսʿڵֵסҽһ롣
ӣֻǻָ֮һƣȻҲ˲ˣɱԹˡ
ʲô
ӺţȴûȰλħսʿȫһ飬ԷƺȻװֻʮĲྦྷһǧ鲻ʯ
ԷЬӶûŹһսƷˡ

۵ﻹսѪûɡ
ΣԷȻҪɱԼô֪ǲܾģֻɱѡ
ƴһҲӺù
飡
촫ֻӵսǰҲһƨţźһʯͷ
С˿ں޸ûһ¸ܡ
Ŀˡ̾˿Ϊ˾ģҪ⳥ҵʧ㣬ƻָҪһٲྦྷнҹưڶûɱУҪ֪ٹ׵㣬ۺһ£һٲྦྷô
գ۾ô
㲻ͬ⣿
ӺߵȴǲԾس˳ߵһһȻƷӦò͡
ΪʲôɱңЩġ
ɱ㣿ӲЦҵʲôˣսʵ˵㣬ô˵ҲΪսһսʿЩ֮УսϵųҲҪôΪǵ飬ҾҪɱ㣬ֻ˵ĺ
ȥ
ˣû뵽Լӱˡ
ϸӵĻҲ˳˼ǻԼһ˰ɡ
ѵô
ãٲྦྷһָΪ͸㡣

ϣΪʲôҪҵķ䣿
ߣһ۾ʲôսķ䣬ҾͿ԰ȥٺú꣬ͻƵԲϾ磬ڹмֵ
ԭ
ˣĸúһΡ
ҽ
ôҽ˹

ָΪ֮󣬰Լٲྦྷ˹˹ҲֱӾˡ
˹ҪָƣΪ
ȥû˴Сռ䣬˹Ҳƻָ˴롣
߰ɡ
ȥģ
ȥһǰ񽢣취ȥ
ҺԼСӵɢˣò֪ʲôҺһȥҡ
˵ţѸٵ뿪ˡ
·ϣ˹˽Ҳ
˹Ȼ˵ʱʱһ࣬һﻹһص㣬Ǿ̫̰ˣ·ϼһЩʬ嶼ҪȥѸһ飬ûʲô
֪㸻ͣʱҾͶҪˡ
ϵףȻǶױԴģˮˡ
ֻһףͲֵ֪ٲྦྷ
̲סһֵۣһռ䣬ֻһǾɵˣֻǻɳһ֮Уһ񽢰ڻɳ֮С
һǰţ
ҵˣʶɨȥ绹û˵ټ
ǾȻҵһǰŵġ
ߣȥ
˹Ѹٵķ˹ȥһ·һǰŸǰ
һǰڲŹرգǸȥ
ʲôȻһǰܷɵӦ˲Ŷԡ˹˵ţٴκݺݵ񽢣ϣܸһ²š
ϵһסǼ䷿Ĵ
˿̴ϲѾˣ֪ⲣǴԲ񾳽綼޷ƿ
˹˿ɷ˵ľ˽ȥ
ţҿ϶ûˣ˹ܰ񽢸ˡ
֮оĿ¡
ѵǼһ񽢣
ǰǼʻˣҪûˣǾûˡ
˵ϣأûˡˣ˵ͿԻȥˣû˵Ļ񽢿ɾǵˡ
̫ˣ񽢶챨ˣûˣҲûá
˵Ž˼ʻգʱֻʻյʻλϣȻһˡ
ϧֻһӰ
ˣ
˹һȻֹ˵ĻҸղ˰죬ѵһӡ
֪ˡ
ӰʲôҲûиоʲôϢһ·ߵӰ档
ʱˣɫҲǶȻ䡣

ʲô
˹Ҳ˹ʻλ϶ˣǻԳ񽫣ϴ
Ǵ˿̵ĻԳûκεϢؿλãһԼһĳǹֱӴ뵽壬Ѫα
ˡ
˹ţҪ˵Ǽٵġ
һ񾳽ķ񽫣ͳ˧ĽȻˡ
ǳ£̣֮һʲô񶼻ҾûԳ֮ȫԼ̫ˣȻսָߵȼսʵҪҲ˵һսıԶҪˡ˵ıҪǻѧԺλλãǽҲ䵽ز
ţȻ˵ıԼˡ˹̲סһĴָȻȴİ˻Գ۾ð̹ˡ
ûţѹΡ
ǽҪţһٸӣҲң˶ˣ˷ѡ
˹˵ţһץס˲ڻԳؿڵĳǹȾͿⳤǹ϶һ
ɾʱ򣬱ûκϢĻԳȻ͵˫ۣȻһץס˹ú΢˵𶯣Ҿһһ¡

˹ŵһƨ˵£˶ˡ
ʲôթʬˣ
ҲɵۣûκϢĻԳȻ΢Ϣ
ȿȡ
Գһ£ЩͳôģҲΪݽߣ˳˯ѡ
˹࿴˿֪˵ʲôá
ǡвྦྷô
Գ˿ˣʮֲ˼˵
˹ΪԼˣһ񣬲ྦྷûаɡ
ҪǸң͵ҽǵģҪĲྦྷָƣһȥʮǾңͿɴĺܣ˵ҪǸ֡
Գĵ˵ţֻôѧԺǸƾʱӡ
ģ
˹ȻĶˣһԵľóһǧĲྦྷ
ܺá
ԳһӲྦྷȫУȻΪһ
˼һ£ڻȥϣڶԷϣԳħսʿܰˡ
ΣȷʵûԳˡ
һӣǰһѵĲྦྷѳһСɽ
棡
һβֹ˹ԳɵˣôĲྦྷ˭񰡡
ˣˡ
˹̲ס͸ԼƣҪ֪ô಻ྦྷֻҪ١
㣬ܺãܺãԳ֮˵һʮ˰ɣôĲྦྷҵٿԻָϡ
ս˵ģʮྦྷֻǽģʮ黹룬Ҳ»ԳΪѾЩ¼ˣ˳ȥ
һһԳЦݣϢǿһء
ԳٵĻָת۾һȥ
һ죬ڰϵǸ˳ǹ˳ģûսˣСˣǵš
ǺˣоԳսǼˣ顣


1688 󵨵뷨
˹ŻԳǿϢ̲ס
Ѿȫָˣ
ǵûУֻǻָɶѣԲ㹻ˡ
Գ˵ţȻ󲻻Ŀྦྷˣô
üͷԳԼһƶĲྦྷʯˡ
㵱Ҽп󰡣ôĲྦྷ
ûˣ
ġ
ʱԳЩʧҪиʮྦྷҾܲȫָˣʱֱɱħӪһ԰ЩָѶˡ
㶼ħˣȻɱħӪ
˹Ҳһ±ƣôоס
ôܵˣ
ˣǳɢˣ˲ءһ˻ȥԮǾЩӾȻ˵ʲôҪӳ飬ⲻǳôǼʮ꣬ǲˡû취һ˼ʻһǰž͹ˣһԾǻȥû뵽ȻħλΧˡ
˵ţԳЩߡ
ЩصĿ˿ԳȻԳ˵ɣ֪еա
ɢҲͶʮھǵ£ԳȻԼһɱ˻ʱ򲻿֪ܲħţǹˣ˾ıҲսʿŷ
ڻȥô
ȥƨҵǵˣȻȥħˡ
Գȫĵ䷶
սʿħ仨ˮֻʣһȺбܽȥħѸˣλĴ
ֲóôߣġ
ҾýڻҪԾΪڰħѸˣеʱ䣬Ҳһʱ
ţȷʵҪȾˣʱħֶһᡣ
˹ǵ̨µİɡ
˰죬ԳԼױԴȭѾˣսҲ֪ӵȥˡ
ոմԼϰγǰѳǹǲϧĲˡ
ʲô

Գ˵ţȻЩεҵıϴδսʱ򱻻ˣ˭жıһѡ
˹óһһױԴս⻹ɻġ
ԳһڣֱŤͷȻɽ𽣺鵶
һ
ﲻ֪Գ˼ԼӦͱˡ
һһôôһѱûУô
ѱܲôԳڣԹԵȼѽӦױԴѵĻȥĽױԴ󲿷û˸ߵȼı
˹;ѱ򵥣˿ԳĻ˶ˡ
һ۾óʮĲྦྷһױԴһĽױԴı⿪ʲôЦ
òᣬһλصɡ
Ҫ֮ǰһıһܰħѸˡ
Ǻǡ
ܱöħ˵ô
һĽױԴƵġ
СӣԳȫԼֱӵѵãǺܻܿħҲ֪ڵĿǰֻܷӳɵսҪˣԼǿߣô졣ҪһѵǾͲһˣɵսԺͶԷһսҲΪȡһЩߵʱ䡣
ţ˵е
ǾͿѵҰɡ
ǽˣô죬ûѵҵʵҪۿۣõĹѫ㡭
˵ˣҶҸаɡ
𣿡
ֻûԳû뵽ԷвУˡ
һһѫ㣬ô
һѫ㣬ɱһλҲһѫ㡣
Աߵ˹Ľˮˣ൱ʲôɣÿ͵ɱһλ
ɱôħսʿҲͻ˲һѫ㣬ûȰ
ҲЩѫ㣬ڻԳֿտգ˵ҪЪˡ
á
˼һ£˵ͷ
ݽĻ޷
ԷһûԳдһݣ֮ǰʮྦྷҲд档
ԳΪ˱ʾ⣬ྦྷϢֻôǻԳڡ
гԳսʿʮྦྷһĽױԴս鵶вྦྷʰٷ֮ʮ㣬ĽױԴսÿһѫ㡣˵ƾΪݡ
ǩ֣ͬ¼񣬳ǻԳڱˣȻ϶ˡ
ֻоԳıóѵζ
߰ɣȥˡ
Գץ鵶һǰ񽢣Ѿֻˡ
һ֮󣬻ԳѾһǧսʿ
ǳĽͨսʿǵĻ¶λλãһԴϢԼλãȻס
󲿷ֻŵ˶һˡ
Գڼʻգ˹ң˴˴ջˣȻ񽢵ļʻպһλ̸Ц
ȴǲ˿ңΪһĽӴǷҪ಻׾ж಻ס
ǵ˹ˡ
Գ˵񽢴ռ䣬ʱͿǰӰ
Ϊ׵ĺȻŵ
һ֮ͣ˳ȥ
ŵ壡

˻࿴ţЩϲ

ŵʱע⵽˸һˣǻԳ
Сӳ
ǣǵġ
ŵŻˣŽȻԳӭ
λԱҲһ±ơ
񽢣ŵʲôôоܿͽʲôϵ
˵㲻ţծ
ծծ
ŵоӲˣһ۾ɶʱܳΪһλծˡ
㲻
ѵʱˡ
תǴȥٻĳսʿﵽ
Իȥˡ
Գ룬˾
ĳսʿŻˣЩ治ѾΪ˷²Ӫȵ岻
ԳҲľȻˣһʱ棬ǵͱ¶ħ񶼳˼ΣڵѰǵټ
ȥ
˶۾һǶ̫ȥˡ
񽢿ʼռ䣬ϵؽԾʱע⵽õͼ
Աߵĺɫʲô˼
ħפ
ŻԳ赭д˵ţ̲סһMMP
Ȼפ㻹ֱô񽢹ȥŴһ
ħжפΪߵʲô磿
ʮħսʿΪߵһ񣬽ҮĦȫûȣȫʢʱһܰˣȻҾͰѸˡ
ԳȴһֶţֻʣʵȥúˣѶԷʮѶˡ
ж
бĻȥ·ô
ûǱؾ֮·Գ˵ţģڣ֤ˡ
ǺǣҪ˭˵ȥ
Գ׽Ļ˭˭϶ӳˡ
ҾýЩҲﲻʲôæӦȰͻȥûǵۣͿԺ޹˼ɵĴչ
ţе
̲סҪˣ㻹е
ʲô뷨
Ҿһᵽ˴ʱ򣬽ȥǣסԷ񽢺λǾͿԳһǰͨ㣬ص߾ǡ
ãǾͰ˵ģûЩ׸ҿ϶ܶħѡ
䡣
ȻԳҪǾԼȥ˰ɡ
ܿ죬񽢾͵˴㸽
ʱԳ񽢵ĿȨüλԲǶѾǻԳĸҲʲôԹԡ
ˡ
С˼ǣס˶Է񽢺λ֮Ǿ͸Ͻﰭ¡
ס
ĻԳִԳһʮƵġ
ಣ
Գ˳ȥ˲Ϣ
ħ֣ɣ
鵶ƿޣֱͣеħն˹ȥ
ħ֮Уһλɫ΢䡣
ǸӾȻû
˳ʱͿԳһȻ˺񽢵
ۿţ񽢾Ҫ롣
ĽױԴԳôôߵȼıˣ˵һô
ħλֹһȴһŻԳȥֹ˻Գٻ񽢡

Գ鵶оԼʵһأָоˬˡ
Գû뵽㾹ȻͶ
Ͷ԰ҽҪħһѶˡ

˷Ľսһ飬ħսʿҲﲻæֻܸɿš
ˣʱ򡣡
ʱˣһǰŵĿռ䴩ťȻֻоһѣξ͵˴㸽
ߣ
֮һǰ˲˴㡣
ħռ䣬סһǰҲǳˣ˿̵һǰ֮УѾ
ǻˡ
һʱŻԳȥһӰȻ֣Ӻݺݵظ˻Գһȭ
ǾȻһλ
ãԳҪԼˡ룬ɫϾ
λԲӳҲɫ䡣
ϧҵĵҧܲģʱֿ˿ǰѾԶĵ߾ǣ۾ȻϬ񽢣Լɻȥ
Լɻȥ
Ҫʲô
ȥˡ룬϶ޱȵ˵Է϶û뵽ǻ۷һܴ󵨵뷨˵ܾȻԳһ
󵨵뷨˶ҲҪŻԳһô


1689 ǲ˵ģԶ˵
ȴˡ
Ҫʲô
ʲô֣
ǣǧǰ͸Žˡ
󣬾Ȼܻڡ
Ҳò˵̫ʵˣŻԳܻڵһĴ
ǺǺһЦҪٶȿ죬óܡ
ãҪľġ
᣿
½һ𡣡
ǶʱήˣΪʲôһˡ
Ŀ԰ѽȳ
ңԵġ
Ȼһ۾ôоһƵģҶз
Ǻǣ
˴˿̶Ѿսʱ񽢵ʻλãʼ񽢴ռ䡣
һľɥԼڸ
ɣӽսûдŻȥ
ȥ񽢵գдȫȥһ㶼Ҫ
ţЩ๻һٴεڣϷĻ㹻ǣסħһλӡ
ǣħ񣿡
ѵǣ
Ǻˣʱȴ͵һƺУȻĺɫťԥİȥ
ֻһе
Իٳ򣬽һ֮٣Ƿ

Ƕʱɵˣ̲סǴһ
Ҫһǰţ
һҪ챨˵񽢣پͻˡʮֵĮ˵ţ˳Ļ㽫ῴһѤıըʱˡ
ģֱǷˣҲҪͬģϾ·ͥɡ
ǺǣҾһ۾˵Ǳٵģþ˻ôҾһǰͶ·£һȻײħ񽢣Էͬھͬʱϣʮսʿ˴սҹֱսһˣǺεȵӢ¡
޳ܰʮսʿ
ľֻʣˣս˾ʮ˭еʮġ
ðɣҵʲôҶˣȥȽģʱһŽߵģҵٶȺܿ졣
Ȼʲô׵Ľͻʲô׵¡ǵļ˵̫ˣ񣬾ˣٶȿ϶Ҳ죬Ҫܣܣһ޷ͨ㣬ȻҶôһж
ҵþǴ
ȻΪء
Ҫץˣһηɴ
ˣͨˡ

ȥɣһǰţ
ȵȣһû׼ãһ
ǿһǰų֮ٶȳ֮еħ񽢣о̫ˡ

Ⱳ顣
˴Ϊ񽢵ĹԣƲסĳǰȥ
Բ񣬺ܿȶסΣȻһ治ǴģһԺɫĳչжʮףһڶ˲Ϣٶȶ˲ٵĴԲ
ץסˣھô
ǵģ㻹ʲôѾע⵽ˡ
ħ֮У
ģǳһǰţ۷ˡ
֣һǰǡҪײˡ
ˣֱǷˡ
棬ϵͳֹϣ޸֮УԤ޸ʱӡ
ʲôһǸոλһ
㣬㿪
棬޲Ȩޣ
֮е˶±ˡ
ʱ񽢵ȨֻħУոλȥĴæûȨƽ
֪ͨ
죡
ΧɱԳλħյ˴
쵰
ͨ񽢣ҪƽȥǻûеƽɣԳȴǴƽȨ޵ʱȴʱѾȫˡ

֮в֪˭ħսʿɵˡ
Ǹš䡯һ졣
һǰײħ񽢣ͬʱһǰŵԻٳҲʼУеˡ
൱һöڵıըʹĿռ䶼ǳ˾޴Ģơ
ǿһĻ˶±ˡ
ֿܶܣĴ㣬һǰδײħ񽢡
ڣһײô¡
һǰſ϶ǻˣħҲˣؼħ֮Уٻʮϵħսʿ˸ոײ˲ӳһˣ˿϶ˡ
һӾ͸ʮħô
⡭⾹Ȼɹˡ
˵㣬Ҷû뵽ô˳
أ
ˣҪǲɵʱ϶ˣԼɣҪٶ㣬ħļλԲ׷ˡ
ȥǴ֮ӳħԲǵٶ湻ģ׷ңȥɣˣ
õģݼݼݡ
ݼݼݡʲô˼
ŶңٶȻô죬ǰˡ
ǣǣ

ҵ񽢰
Գ˿һ飬ϴδսһ񽢣һ񽢾ȻҲˡ
ôˡ
һǰҲħһ񽢣ͬʱʮħǱѡԵˡ
ĸ˶ӻҵ񽢣һҪ衣
˵ţԳλըನɢħವһ¾ͳ˴㡣
ҲɵŸɲԷʱӸںʱ
λħ׷ȥǻŭһ˷йȻǻԳǲ²һжǻԳƻõġ
Գס
ðɣԳ֪ԼѾΪһ
ǱߣѾ˴㡣
ź׷λԲ񣬳һӵָ
׷ҵˣһ˵Ĳ
Բ
ߣϽȥԼˡ
ָͷʲô˼ôоܷɧ
ҶԶԷĲмһʽ㿴ûУԷ챻ˣȫûа취
ô
ǿŶԷҧгݵӣѧͷָ
ҾǾŵĽ۾Բ񣬹
ݼݼݣ
ڿô
ǵģǵģǿģݼݼݣ

˵ţһͷ˴㣬ټֻһЦ
ǸСӣ
ԳЩ⣬ͷź׷λħҲѧŸոǵӣ˱ӵָ
ţоĺǷ򣬲ˬ
ţҲ˴㣬ټ
һȺħսʿǴͷأҲ벻
߾ǡ
Ѿսĵˣ⼸棬߾ǳ׷ˡ
϶ڴųӢսǳűľģʻһǰײħ񽢣սҹĳֻ˻Ź˭ܱȡ
˿ųսʿǳ˾塣
ôҾͷǳ
һ㣬Ҳһ㣬󽫾סǣΪһ֣һսɳɱƬײ

ǳͳ

Ÿڴţĳսʿһţսһ·ӻڵǸΪӢۡ
⣬ʵǻԳģô˵
۲ҪҲǷλĽ
ڽĸ֮ۡУԳںͱ˴ţЩԣʵŲߣһݻħ񽢷ϵͳȻңָһǰײħ񽢣һӺɱ˰ħսʿȻ˴󹦣ҳҲʧأ쵼ûаǸȫ
Աһţȴһֶš
ϴ˭ȥԮ
ħ񽢺ʮȷʵǱԳĳˣʵ
Գ񽫣սܣʤϢֱ˸˵Ϸפźһľ룬ɶǵĹ͡
ҵĲҵĻã޲һǻѪϳ档
ǫˣǳ䣬ҶϡεĴʤֲǵʧ񽢣Ȼбǿѡѡ񡣡
⣬ûˣ
㻹Ҫôһ񽢣ѾøĽˡ
ҲǣҲǣ
ϻ˼뿪ˡ
ԳԼĽϣĺúóһѷͷ
ˡ
ԲۣСӿ϶Ҫծġ˵ˡ˵ˣծ
˵㲻Ƶˡ
ô˻һ磬ϻнҽ趫ƵСƺҸоԼеǲ𡣡
ǽ
ɡ
߽˻ԳӪʣȫվԱߵļλԲľ˸ոλá
ߺȣⲻСֵôɺãһղﰡ
ϻˣǮ
ʲôʲôǮ
Գ趫ƵͽҿǶУѵ˲ɣ
ǲ˵ģԶ˵ģҲһһԳƷԳظ˵ֻͷеܷһ
ǺǡŻԳһ㵱ɵӣͷƭ˭ء


1690 ŵ
һѾΪһǰ񽢱٣⳥ʧҶҪҹˡ
ôĹ⳥ʧ㵱ɵء
һһ룬ͷˡ
ţôôš
ȷʵ֪δģһʱЩ
УʮྦྷԵȵٻ鵶ȸҰɣ
㿴ģһѳֵûС
㵽׻
ҵ˳ֵһ
鵶ĹѫأһһѾв˰ɡ
ˣҵĹѫ㶼ˣ⳥һǰŵʧ˶ûйѫһྦྷ㿴ܲٽһ㲻ྦྷѫҲС
ã
ľˣôôҪˡ
ģһԳ˵ˣ㻹Ųҡ
Ǻǡ
ŵùйû׵ˣǻڲ
ãǹʱ
û⣬ʱҾҹһǷծˡ
˻ԳӪʣ˹ĸо
˵ôǳµ񽢣ˣб
ֹ˵ǽ˰ڹѫ
˲ãھĳһѷͷ
ʱЩҧгݡ
ҿ϶ԼԳˣˡ
ڹѫ˵񽢣⻹⳥һǰŵʧƭ˭ء
ģȥ˻ԳӪʣʱȴǡ
ҽ
š
ǳγ˴ͷɶǶĴ⡣
ҵĴ⣿
㻹ǵԼ˵һǰͶ·£ԻٳȻײħ񽢡ϣʮսʿ˴սҹֱսһˣӢ˫ҰЩ˽΢ӹһ£û뵽Ȼôĺ䶯׷ǵĹʧµ񽢣ٺ١
쵰Ҿ˵ԳôͻȻˣԭҵĴ⡣
ȵҰ
Գأҳа⳥һǰŵʧһûһʵ
ʱһԲӳЦ˳ԭսʿڡ֪ܾˡ
㻹ծˣ
ȻǽǷĲྦྷϢһˡ
⻹ҵĵô
ô㿴һԼĹѫֵղŸתһڣ˵ݽһģȵˣ
һ죿ǲͽӽʮꡣ
±ˣô޳ܰ
Գһӻ˾İڹѫֵһѫһ춼ܽǧˡ
Ǹ㻹ô
Ҵδ˺޳֮ˣԳأҪ˭Ҫһ죬һ춼
Ҹո˵ˣڡ
ʲôʱҾ
ȥˣܼ£ҲܼŻɡ
øԳҵţҳ衣
ͷҲصˣΧ۵ĳսʿǾĿô˵ģţˡ
صԼסŵ塣
ȥˣ
ȥһԳǿӻȥˣұˣˡ
Գǲǽԣ԰
Ըƨ
˵ţǺ޺޲ƽ
ͲˣôôҪĽѵͲܹô
ԣ˵û취
ȿȣʲô㣬ӦһӦöս£ᣬԴս뿪
ŵ壬ô֮ǰͺ˵бսɡ
ðɣҾͲȰˡ
š
ʱ棬ʼ
ϴεһսɷ򾫽࣬ÿԳûһ¡
ʱȥٴαսŵΪͻƵλ񾳽磬ΪжӳǱŵΪСӳʱ˾˺ţŵϵСӳսϣԱǿɱλвˣҲûôΪˡ
ʮ
֪ڶٴȥһԳҪ鵶ˣǱԳԸɴˡ
ʮ棬ҲʮĴδģսβսǧ
սʿҲУͬڽսʿŵѾˣǰٲһ
ԳǸҪأָתһڹѫ㣬ⶼ˰ɣɶ˼
˼ٽһ鵶
ǺǣԸһĻԴۡ
ģ
ƨ쵰һǧ䵽ҵ
ŭˣӪ֮е˶Цͣ
Գǵ飬ҲʲôܣҲΨһһָŻԳӣھĽ۾ˡ
ǸоûУϵϢԽԽǿƺһٽ㡣
Ҫͻˡ
ֻǽ۾ȴ벻ླ׵λһսҪͻˣԺ󻹵ˡ
˵ķȼܸߣܿһȷ򡣡
һȷҪˡ
صԼסŵ塣
Ҹոţһ֧ͻϮ˶Ϸĵţء
ǰͺͽͬĽսʿŰħսʿ߸ûȡ
Ͼ֮һʵȻҪǿ١ڵսפصӥ·򣬿϶Ҫоȥҿһǵıֲͼŵľǵ߾ź͵š
˼ǣǺܱܿȥԸӣ
ҸоԺܴ󣬱Ͼڵս²࣬ȫԳһ־ӹȥȻϾ֧ԮˣҲҪÿӵĽ׿ϲСǽ
룬ҸҴĻԳǿӻ϶ȥ֧Ԯŵġ
Ͳһˡ
ĸǷծġ
˻˵ţӪĺŽǴˣȻһ֪ͨ˵ǳʮ֮󱼸ӥ£ս
Խ˽⡣
⻹˽⣬˾ĵ䷶ÿ꣬Ȼĺûᡣ
˵ĺеӡ

ʮ֮󣬳ٴγ
ͬħĽսսĽӣÿ˶дġ
ŵ壬ڿĹѫˣٿҲһġ
ҵĹѫչˡ
Űʮ򡣡
һ֣˵ͷ
ŵҪܹһǧ㣬һһ֪
ŵ壬ô˵ǿĿۿ۰Ͱ͵ģûôҪϵս׶ˣߣһûͻ
𣬶һһսףһױԴģҲҪѫ㣬ҿɶһ𡣡
ҹѫͦģһ㡣
ԳѾתһڹѫ㣬һЩڻڳͷ
׵Ĺѫ󻧣֮бû١
˵ֻԺͱҴˡҪѫ㣬Լȥһû

֪˵ʲôã֮ǰ͸ŵתһǧѫ㣬ŵ˲˵һ١
ʱ֪λŵԸңκ˵ʩᡣ
ŵ壬ϾҪܹһǧѫˣܲܺ˵˵㵽Ҫһʲô
֪
š
˵ͷרŲ鿴Ҫһǧѫһıʮ֮࣬Ҳ֪ŵҪһĸ
ŵ˼һ£Ѿǲڼˡ
ǰ˵ѾҪˡ
һս֮ĹѫӦþͻܹˣʱ뿪սԺܼܲ˵
ҪһȪˮǺϡٵһֱֻսϲС
Ȫˮ
ϸһֱʮҪһǧѫһı֮Уһ֡
һƿһٺֵһǧѫ㡣
ǵȪˮĽ棬ֻһǾꡣ
ŵ壬ѵ֮У˵ˣ
ţǲǱˣҶӡŵ˵ţ۾Щ룬һţ˲һ˽۾磬ҵȰ棬ȥһʮյĵط˻Դ˳˯˸˵ˣʧƬûгɢȪˮ޸
սֲá̾ҲΪӵһֱȰ뿪ս԰ɣ
ǵģһţġҾûȰסӡĺܺڣǵǿӲһ㣬ҲͲˡŵ˵ţ
ĬƬ̣ȻЦŵ壬ǵҽκˣԺҪˡ
ŵЦЦҲڴһ̡
ӥµˣ
ʱһ
˳ǰ濴ȥǾȻһһɽǶռɽ壬Լʮڹ
ɽһӥ죬ѹֻᱻӥ¡
ӣô
ţҰ
ӣǷҵǲǸûˣ
˵ʲô
˵ǷҵǲǸûˣҲа˰ɡ
䣬һ䡣
һ䡭ӣô
ǡ
˵ţ񽢴λţǰ˹ȥֻһ±Ƶţ񽫡


1691 
֮У˶Ǿˡ
ǳĽôҲ̫Ҫ˰ɡ
Գ׵ļһ澹Ȼծ쵰
̲סһ׶ûл鵶һܻ꣬Ź֡

ƨڲŷֻԳһҵĵ
񽢵ӥ·ͣ
Գһʱͱȥᣬֹۡ
ŵһӥµķ򣬰ǵõ֪ͨľӾӥºĿռ档ÿһʱ䣬ͻǵķߣһȱڡ
ӿ϶ǿսʱһҪСģмסҺ˵Ļһ
֪ŵҲСġ
ţٺ٣ɱһսʿõĹѫħսʿֻҪɱŸͬĽսʿһǧѫ͹ˡ
ǾǰףŵԸɡ
˵ţ
Գ㻹˲ɡ
ʲôˣһԳô
㵹ǻ
Ķ죬ô㣬ٻʱһҹ㡣
ƨĶ죬õʲôǿĽױԴڻױԴء
ⰡҲǽģȥʡ
㵱ɵƷĸɵ滹ҰĽױԴ㣬ⲻӴô
֮еͨ죬Ǹɵô
ţ񽫣ǷծģֱӰ裬ϵ׸
˭ţ񽫳濴ȥͿ˿Ŵ󺰵
ҵһծ˵Ǹɵ棬ѵǽġԳһνӡ
һ۾ĽױԴ
˼к̨һĽױԴʲôǰѽ׵ġ

ţʱʱεҵѻԳӻ裬Ҵ򲻹
ʱһۣԭֲôƢ
ǸСֵܣ㻹ĽױԴôҲһ

ôоͻԳһ֮ѡ
ţҲп˿Գӣס˵Ļ´ҹһˡ
ģģ㻹ŲҵƷô
Ҿ̫ŵùˡ
ţˣһĴͷɥ
ǮĹȻǴүипԼҪ鵶ϣֻһˡ
ڰ
ŵļҲҪ鵶ϣã
һ죬һѻԳ裡
˵ţ޺޵תͷȻͿʼ
ûʵѻԳ϶ܡ
Щ棬Ѿµķħݵ˼£ۿžܰѷħԭ
ͻƵླѾԶ
ľһţҲһ㶫޷͸
Ҳĳ˲䣬飬ǹؼһ㶫ʲôͻϾֱͨɾ硣
һº󣬺ŽǴˡ
ӥ·аŵıҲֻеһ
ˣ
ʿǣ׼ս
׼ڷ䣡
ֻڳӥ·ȥ˰ա
һڹ󣬽ľѾӥкϯأǺɫٲһ㡣
棡
Գһսʿȥ
ΪСӳȻҲǵʲãһӭ˽һλ
һ۾
λһǻؿ˹ȥ˲м
һλλײһ˶Ǳɫ۾֮𾪡
ô
λʵȻôǿ
֮ٴսһ飬ܿͱɢ
һ·棬ԽԽܸоսʿǿǸߵȽ壬ܶڱͬ鶼ѹʵġ
սСʱȥƣˡ
˲ذ
ŵҲˣϹ˲ٲʡ
һսҲնɱһλ˵Ľλ񣬻ǵ͵Ƚ壬Լʮλλλ
ԳӪ֮С
ȳô
Ѿˡ
٣
һһ
һһ
ǽһһ
⹷յĽȷʵǴģ˴ҩƵģ󡣡
һսʮʿ
ҵĴûܰǻŴȥ
Ӫ֮ڣ˶Ĭˡ
ս֮˶ˣҲһһսҲ
εıԽԽͻƲԶˡ
ʮ֮󣬽巢˵ڶγ档
ʮ֮󣬽巢˵γ档

ºǽĵʮһγ棬ʱҴĳսʿֻвʮ
һγӦҲǽʷҵһγ棬λ
סˣ
ŵѪ죬һֱѾˡ
ΧѾսʿˡ
ܾѶ
ε̾һҪ˫ʵ̫
ܵԽԽ࣬޷ơ
ߣ
ŵ壡
ˣֻбɱķݡ
ã
ҧҧѾѹˣһͻӥµķߡ
һλ֣Ȼ졣
׷ȥɱǣ
֮˺нսʿʿһӾʹﵽ˶㡣
ŵڷɿţһжӻ˲һ٣ǸСӻֻˡ
Ǻ׼Ľ壬׷ֻһ
ܵͦô
һڽֻһλסǣͬʱ׷Ļмʮλλλսʿ
˶ɫ΢䣬á
ɱ
ŵʱһȳλλ
ʱ뿪ֻһս
սʿҲǳȥȻҲ⣬ʱϰɱһš
ŵʱѾһն˽λλ񣬿ǶԷȴһЦеսҲ˹
ʱ촫ŵ˰һѪ˳
ۣ
еϧ̫ˡ
쵰
ŵٴγȥȴٴαһɳȥ
ӵһȻŵսλֱնŵսն룬ͬʱһ̽ŵ壬пе硣
һ飬û֮ԴҲͲԶˡ
ŵ壡
һλս˿̸ŵɢϤŷŵ״
һ˵ŵλսʿĹһѷס

ŵ˲ǵѪЦ֪ģһս׵ģ뻹ٰϼ
˭ôŵģǲǲº˰ɡ
ŵ˿ڣЩɳƣֹɢѪ˿ڣһ飬˭Ҳ²ס
һãˣ취ߣѾռսʿֻԽԽࡣ
ҪߣҼȻһ壬һһ뿪ġ
ҵͱһɣ㻹ʲô
ˣҲҪʬȥ
ɵˡ
ⲻɵ
Ҹոհѹѫ㶼תˣһǧҶһһƿȪˮ͵nѩɽºϵĻ׼壬ˡ
ãһҪ뿪
һ˼ô
У
ޱȼᶨ˵ţ˵֮˶ǳĬˡ
Сôôǿ
ǻ˽Ϊһ㲻ҲûмˣȻս˵Ҵ뿪

СǷˣɱ
λսʿŵߣ֮λλսʿ
ɱ
ţλսһš
ǱߣŵսϴҲѾ˴룬ÿ˶ƴκʵʵ̫
ۣ
˳ȥһѪ˳
ʱûסŵŵߣȴλλɵ
߲

ŭŴһͻΧȴͬʧܸա
ΧͬԽԽ٣ͻΧԽԽѡ
ϣѾ˺ۡ
ǴһߵȼսףѾ롣
ߣ
һֻŵѳȼԼһ
һ֮£λλ˱ᣬӲӡ
һ֮ŵıˡ
ֻʧȥҲٵĻǾûˡ

ӦʱѾˡ
һήǵŵ֪ŵһɢȥ
һʱ䣬ּӿͷ
ʼĻŵŵֱ֪ŵܣŵ֮ôԼȻǰԼ˶ӿ
ʱ۾ʪˡ
壡
ţȡŵʬ壬Ȼһߡ
׷
λ΢΢üͷ
֮ͱ
λλóٶȣܾô˳ߵġ
ȥɣ
λλԳˣҪɱ
ǳϱƽһ֪Լ϶Ӳһôӭľ

뵽̲סô
ɾʱƺһԺ֮еţ
ܹɵĸоô
ʲôо
һƬڰʲôûУû֪ûκθܡ
ʵɷĵİڡ


1692 
ûע⵽Ժ֮УħѾе˼¡
ȻͻȻֹ
ֻʱ򣬷ħѾԭˡ
صһ
ħˣһɷħķ뵽֮С
ʱ𵤷貵Ĺâҫʶ
ڰ
֪Щֻһ뷨ǾǡԼ
ɷĹؼȻҪԼҲˡ
ǰΪһЦȴΪˣĵ׵ָ
ֻԼԼΪɷһ֡
λһԽԽǧһ֮䣬֪ԼûиĿʱˣԼһѡ
ԼȥһѵĻܿɷ򣬳ɾͽɣӶһ
ԥǾֻе
˲˾ɷ֮ȫҪԼˡ
ֻһʧȽλһ䵽ϵʱʧˣȫһ
ʶҲۿҲܲ
ǹޣʵһ㣬ǹ󻹴ڱ˵ļ֮УΪ˴ڡ
ô£
λһգѾ亹乡
ոշʵҲͲһʱ䣬ô̵ʱ棬һ˴ǰƾʧȫǲܵ顣
ˣ
ĸоҪΪǻþѡ
ӳеаš
һλһ£
ֹаţֱ˹һսϻûмô顣
̫ˣһ˾ôûˡ

ʮսʿҲúܲٵ
ɾʱǰĿռȻһ΢Ĺ㣬ƺںңԶδңԶĹȥֻʱһ㡣
ʲô
սʿǶˣɫ΢䡣
ŷ貵Ĺâֻ߳һӰ޵УС۳һ塣
ֳˣ
ôܣ
˭֪⵽ô£̫ˡ
λҲ̲סһһӼаŵ飬ڽˡ
ɱ
ô£ֻҪɱӣǸʱҲˡ
֡

˲λ¡
ڸı仯еޣִ޵У̫ˡ
뵽˺ڶ
ڿѧо֮Уڶһһܶ޴ʱ޸ߡС޴㣬ۿҲ۲ⲻ
ֻͨһЩӦȷڶĴڡ
ը֮Уһͺըγɵġ
ӦһκڶˡаѾʽ׽ɷһżѾһ壬Գ֮Ϊ壬һʺԱɣΪһ֡
̧ͷλλսʿɱ
ʱһǿһڶһ͵ؾͰλλսʿ˽ȥ
˲ҽеǱˣ޷
ôܣ
λɫ䣬޷ǰ״
ʱѾˣڶһĽλλ񣬷׷ױɡ
㡭㵽ʲô
λսŵĺ

ЩأǶŪȥˡ
ѾΪҵһ֡
쵰ǣ
ô⡣
˵ţλսʿһ˹
ɫأȻѾǽɾ磬Ҳֻǳɾ磬Բླ׵λȻС
飡
˽սһ飬Լ޷ɶԷ
ϸһ룬֪ԭ
ǺڶһɱԼСС廹ԣɳԼ壬ͻһ
ǲɶԷʵʮ֮࣬ԷȻҲλ񣬵ȴҲֻǵ͵Ƚ壬ķҲֻȷ
սಢ
飡
̱ӣ˶Ǳǿս
أ˳
ս࣬ĵԿٲ䣬λλսʿͲˡ
Ȼ
¶һλսʿսپһӾ͵塣
ͣ
ؿڱһʱȴЦһеĽֱӰӵԴ
ӵͷڣû
ɷתʱޱֵסɷɡ
壬ɱˣɱˡ
εؿڵս̴ؿںܿ͸ԭ
ǱߣѾʼɨս
±֣ͣӰһʧˡ
һº󣬵߾ǡ
շתβŻصڵĵ߾Եüžࡣ
ʱѾõϢ߾ǰӥȥ֧ԮľӣܹĲʮˡ
ֻǧ˻Żˡ
жʮλ֮࣬λǷ񽫡
һδܣҲֱʹýӥ³ǰƽʮꡣ
㻹ţ
ǣ˵ֻǧ˴սϻû뵽㶼û
ҲǺ˵ôóܡ
ܰڹϣΪܷΪٵˣƤҲǹġ
һ㣬һˡ
ǺٺһЦ֪˶ٴΣϰˡ
Գأô
ûӲء
ȻǺ˲˻ǧꡣ
佫ô
䣿
ôֻǧ꣬սмǧˡ
ֻǻĵһ˼Ǻ˶˷ˡ
ҾͶˡ
ϸ﹵ͨôֱӡ
ԳӪ֮С
˽ȥ澹ȻֻлԳһˡ
㻹ţ
ǲΪˣ˾Ͳûˡ
ŻԳû뵽ԳҲôġ
ôᣬһԳˣˣҲǷĶһֲٵĻļˡ
Ź֡
Ǻǡ
ǺǣƷͼʶˣţһףţǲˣ
ûеϧˡ
һ춼֪˵ʲôá
ǶͲԼծȫ⣬ϧˡ
ŵˡ
룬ת˻⡣
ǸһֱߣǿԼһô
š
ڰ
ԳĬˣЩء
սֻΪ˻ܹһǧѫ㣬ȻһһƿȪˮȥԼĶӣдô
û
ȥӥµʱѾ˾Űʮѫ㣬ֻʮѫˣһòӥ£սǿĽӡʵ룬ûȥӥ£ʵµħսԻ뿪ս
Թң
Ĭˣ֪ù˭
֪⼸ǧôô
㣿
ʼģҰѳսʿԼֵ㣬սϣҿΪκһ˵ӣҾⶼӦõġߵͬһ£һ˼Ѿľˡӳڣսʿۼͳˣٷ֮ʮŵžžžžŵ˶ˣսҵǰ
Գ
Һ˵Щ˶ˣϣףûв˵ġӥ·򣬽ҪͻǵķҪ˶ȥȻŽɱǵĸأֻࡣ˵ҪˣԺǲҲҪˣǶˣռ棬ʱ˶Ҫ
ףֻΪʲôŵ壬ǳ
ûΪʲôҪһԭҸΪǳӳɾ֮Ҫǰߵһӡ
ðɡ
֪ŵ޷ͻʵҲһʱҶôϣԼÿȴֻŻˣ˵̡̲
̸ƨҪͼɣսϡ
ԳЦЦתֵأʲô㣿
㿴ˣҪ뿪ˡ
Ϊŵ
һԭ򣬵ȻҪĻսĿĴﵽˡ
˵ţչʾһԼΪ
Ȼͻˡ
ãû̫Ժ
Ժ
ˣûҾȸˡ
ȵȣȻҪˣ鵶ǲǾͲһˡ

ڻԳ޳ܣµ֪ʱ򻹲ˡ
㣿
Գӳһ
ʲô
ȪˮǰҶһϧûϣˡ
ץһȴҡҡͷҪŵһӲˣҲҪ˵ʩᡣ
ðɡ
ǡ
ټҲ
ְ˻ԳһۣҪջ鵶ҲҲ롣
뿪˻ԳӪʣһһƿȪˮ
ΣһĶԼĹѫһȫ⣬һ㶼û¡
Щ֮͹ǵҹһϢս
ԭ죬ӥ·һһٶʮλͬʱһնɱ
ҲʽսΪġ


1693 ް
ս顣
һٶʮλɱĺ䶯̫ˡ
˶²ǾʹֶΣһǿߵս
˴λ飬μӵǧλ֮ࡣ
λϹˣѾ;ȷϹ汾Դԭ򣬻޷ս
ʲôǾɹ
ⲻܣһҹ֮նɱһٶʮλлһλǾģֻܰ쵽
ʵˣĽǡֵ˿֮磬汾ԴĸӦ
ܣӵĻԲ񾳽Ǽޡ
ҲǴ֮й֮ͻˡ
ôͻƵģ֮⣬Ҳ⼸飬˵⻰Լô
š
ʲô
ˣھ취ҵֵǿߣ϶浮Ȼһɱһٶʮλ񡣡
ֻҪҵλǿߣսˡ
սˣкս
Ľкģ
ͬˣҵһλս˺պմ󹦣ʸս

ԼסҲյϢ
ġģ֡ţɫˣԺԺ֡
ʵ벻˭ս֡
Ҳ͵뵽֡
ڵ֮Уһҹ֮նɱһٶʮλģΨԺ
ԭԺҲսѵǡ
Ĭˣ۾ʪ
µˣԺӦǹбģɱӥ·һٶʮλǸԼ
Ȼһ紵
ʶһΧûзκ˵ټѵˡ
ǵŵ¿ȥʱȴǲ֪ʱһ֡
ϲͻƣһѧԺˡ
ɰѺ«Լ
ʣимޱȵллԺллԺ

ȪˮԼжһıȫˡ
׼뿪
Ҫˣȥͣ
ҿǽһͨսʿʲôЦ
ͨսʿô
ұ죬Ҫ˵ôҪȥǵűծ

ȥɣ졣
á
뿪߾ǵ񽢡
ֵܣ´ٹȾơ
ǣҪҲǻԳǿӻ롣
ٺ٣ǵʱһһûкȹľء
ãȥ֮һ»ԳǿӻǷҵĶ
ҿɲҡ
Ϣ

񽢣˺ս
ʱͼҵnѩɽ򣬷־뻹ͦԶġ

һϲޱȵͬʱһִֻļϡ
ͷȥЩȡ
˹
ҡ
˹ЦЦո񽢵ʱע⵽
ôҲˡ
š
ҲãսŻԳֻĽǸ룬˵ӥһսܻ֮ŵģҹҪһ顣
ӥһս˹һЩãȻ
ûμӣ

˶ȥˣ㲻ûȥ
ʵͲڳˡ
ô£
ˣ㻹ǵϴ˽һǧٿĲྦྷʮĲྦྷôȻҵһǧٿ鲻ྦྷ˵㣬ǶȴһʺܴĲƸսȥҽҪ˭֪˵û£ֱ˰ˡҲģȥˣ˹˵Ҳǳսʿֱ˳һԸҵľӣһֱħ彻սˣɱĻ̻̣ûҳսˣҸо궼кܴս£Ըɴˡ
ް
ֻ֮һ뷨
˹һλһǧٿ鲻ྦྷҪ˵ˡ
֪ԳΪô㡣
ޣ˵
˭
ԣԡ
ƨ
ǿϧˣҪǲս
˵ҵǾӦøлԳл˳ȻСûˡ
ɣ
ӥһսϢûȻͲôˡ
ģ
һƭ㣬뿪֮󣬳ӥսĳսʿֻǧˡ
ʲô
˹ɫǱˡ
һ˻ǧˣǰٷ֮ʮŵߵ˶ˣʼֱǺš
˵ӦøлԳǿӻǱľһ
ôô

̲סЦ˹ȴԵЩΡ
ѯ˹ҪȥģȻ˶ɵˣҪȥľȻͬһ


1694 겻ӵô
˹Ҫȥnѩɽ򣿡Щš
ƭʲô˹ҿnѩɽʮ֮һnѩɽҲ쵱
ðɣˡ
һ£ɴȥ
սڣרŵ漶ɴǹһֻҪһ鲻ʯͿȥκһԼȥ
˷ɴ˻٣нǧˣЩ˴Ǵսġ
ȥnѩɽʲô
ŵˣ֮ǰԼĹѫתңҶһһȥnѩɽĶӡ
ŵ
š
ҹȻûһˡ
ŵѾˣһˣȫ԰һǧѫΪС
ЦЦÿɷ
ɴҪµʱܵnѩɽڷɴҲûţһֱڹΪ
Ȼǰ˵ģ«Լ
«̺һǧ磬Ϊһ޴
ʱȥµʱת۵ˡ
nѩɽˣеȥѣ´ˣһվɽ򡣡
ظ飬nѩɽ´Ҳ˹ˡ
죬ŵӳļĸҴȥ
ºϵĻǡ
Ļǣ˹һ£ȻЦطһ֪ģnѩɽĽ֮ڡ
Ǿòˡ
˵ţһ·ռĻǡ
ĴΪͬĻǲʲôǣ׼Ҳʲô塣
ˣ׼һ壬ǰͳĻȪˮ㲻
ŵܳΪ࣬Ӧֻһ⡣
׼ſڣ˼һ£ȥͨˡ
Ͼŵļ壬ҲֱӴȥ
׼ֻһС壬ֻﾳΪ
š
֮һӦþǺż˹
ǡŵ˵ѣ
Ҳǣǡ˹ָָôǲŵĺôôƺŵΪˡ
⡭ŵֻǾȹһѣǼĳޱȡ
Ҳݣŵӳġ
ŵҲǱΣһȥսܴܲŶһ𡣡룬߰ɣȥŵĶӡ
ãõġϵϢ
ˣ֪ŵʲôô
治֪ŵ˶о֮˵Ҳʡ
Ҹŵһλ飬ô
࡭飡
²ȣ˶ǲҪˤܣܣһƭҵġ

˹ЦҲٽʲô
һ·һɭϵķ䡣
˵ŵ˵Ķӣˡŵߵʱң˵ҪȥһҪ飬Ҫչˣ뵽ŵ˶ҵľ֮ûоܾ
˵ͷ˹һ˽ȥ
棬һͷףڴϣһ
ϢҲʱʱޡ
ȷŵĶӣ

Ҳˣһͷ׷Щ˵ȥ˰
ʶӵ壬Ȼ͵Ҵ֪ôˣȫֹͣô꣬һͨһȥ֮ǰϾǽ۾һǿάûɢȥһˡָˣЩ⡣
ģ
ȻȻͷô׵ģΪء
Ŷ겻ô
ֲʧˣֻǳƬ֮Уʲôġ
˵꣬ͷף
Ҳݡôô⣬ʮΪʲðɣҳϣոҶϹģҲ֪ʲô
ã
ʱԱߵĺελλˣŵ˵Ŵӵİ׷Ŵĸס
סԱߵ˹ѾЦ
ŴȻŴ
ȿȣ
֮࣬óȪˮ
ˣʲô
ֵ
һƿɫ⣬Ա߻ëôо˶һ
ʶɣȪˮһƿҪһǧѫ㣬׼ҵҲһƿȪˮ˹
ô󣿡
ǵȻ
ˣĬĬذɫҩ˻ȥóһƿɫҩ˼ոôˡ
ʱɵĿ˹㲻˵ʶô
Ҫƴǹġ

ЦССıһ£Ȼˬ
Ȫˮ뵽ӵ壬һƿȪˮˣȴκηӦ
ҲݣⲻǼðαӲƷɡֹ˹ĶмٻûУҪ˼ٻȥĸͶߣûȨ汣Э֮Ļ
˵ĶǼٵġǺǣҪǱ˵֪ˣһ衣˹ߺߵ
ŶԺһ˵Ҫң϶йܡʱĿصϣһ׹⣬ȥǼٻ㿴׹⣬ЧƵġ
Ч˹ˡ
һֱ۲һСʱǿˣȪˮЧģӵӦˣۺҪѲٵʱ䡣
Σ׼סһʱ䣬뿪
ҪǼסһʱ䣬Űɣ룬˿
ţšＱæ
ߣǼҡ˹˵ţҪһס¡
ϣ˹ú׼͡
㣬ζ
ţζȷʵ
ٳҿɾƣǲǺ֮ǰȵľƣζһ
ȷʵ

ˣʮ͹ȥˡ
ʮ棬ÿ˹ԷƣҲûб顣
磬ȴûм˹һﲻ֪ȥˡ
ʳ
˿һԵĺ΢΢üͷ˼˹ڣʳζ½ôࡣ
ʱһһӹ˵ϡ
ˣ׼ʵάλ˵öȣλ˹ÿ춯һٷҪңǰǼļҵ׾ͱԿˣȻͿʼҵҵ߰˰ˡ
ۣ
պȽһƣ̲ס˳
ǰ׼Ʋô
ʱյ˹Ϣ˵Ȼȥˣȥĵͣһ㶼Լ԰͵顣
쵰겻ӵô
̲סƿڴѾ˹ʮ˱ڶһ顣
ѾÿҪóԵģҪǺóԵģһΪ㸶أԭڰ׳԰׺ȡ
ڳԱˣһƨɾˣ޳ܵˡ
Ǹˡ
￴ʮҲŪʵֻл̿֡
ǰɡ룬ԺҵĻѣԼеһױԴսϽɻģȥˣ㷷ļҵ
ˣ⡭
Űɡ
࡭лˡ
Ｄޱȣ֪ԴһͲ๻ԼĲҵˣһӦʹ͸ġ
ߺҲ˴㡣
뿪֮ǰһҪȥһ˹ĵ̣թ˹ԴͲˡ
쵰սϣ˵ÿףЬӶҪϵĺöԲ٣õҲʮĳԴöˣھȻһ
룬ɴĲʯģһﵱкʡһ鲻ʯɡ
Խ룬Խһġ
趼ʲôˣһԳһϿ٣ʰ˻Գʰ㣬Űɡ
ֹһù˲١
ת꣬һӵķ䣬ӵָȻһ¡
ӰһӴͷ
ˡ
ûлشȻ˫ۡ
װʲôװ֪ˣٲСһѻˡ
𡭡
ʱѵ۾ȻЩİĿŵ
ĺŵͦġ˿ӵףֹ˾ͺãǵԼʲôҲǵģҲûи֡
ҡҽʲôһ˳˼
ȥװʧ䰡ɵˣʱŵĻȪˮ޸֮ΪȱʧܻᶪʧһЩ䡣
˼⣬ʲô֪ˣ˾һŰֽ
ⲻǶʧһЩ䣬ϰԼǰȫˡ
Ҳá̾һСӣȻʲôǲˣһҪ㣬һøף֮õĸסֽŵһλླ׵λܹŵġ
ŵţƺЩʹ֮ɫ
ȻԼֶˣҸְɡ룬ǵϲԼ֣һֻԼ⡣ҾŵΪȻԼֶˣǾŵִ֣ȥ֮кպ
ҡ
Ժͽŵ


1695 Ԫ
ӳ죬˵ͷ
Ժͽŵ׵֣ԺҲ֡
Ҳûм뿪׼壬ŵոѣԱʵûУһʱС
תȥ
硣
ŵһȭ̡
ܲ
ЦЦȻ˼һµ츳ܸߣֻʱͻָǰһɵʵҲﾳ׵ΪҪ뿪ˣͼ׼壬ָʵ
磬Ҫߣ
޲ɢ֮ϯ
Ǻðɡ
úŬѣȥϵҡ
Ҽˡ
˵ͷ˿棬һŮ˹
ˡ
ŮӴųȹ裬ԵЩߡ
˵ͷŮӽ죬׼ĴС㣬Դŵ֮󣬾ͱﰲŹչŵ
ȳȥˡ
ŵļ¶һ˶
棬ŵ˺
ͷ֪ʲô⣬ŵ츳ףԺȫָĻǾһλ۾ܸһΪҲڻ¡ڰԼŮ͹ŵ׼壬ҰĲС˵
ˡˣҡŵĹ亹乡
ô֧ôɡ
ʲô
ΪԼˣⷴתҲ̫ͻȻˣ˶ɵˡ
ŮŬ㻹ʲôŮŮȫŵһӣˣǾ;ˡ
⡭
ɵۣѾԻ·
´ҹʱŵĺӲʮ
ʮ
һǰŵô
ڶ죬ˡ
ŵ֪ʱѾ뿪׼֮ˡ
塭
һ㶫㡣
ŵӹ涼һЩʣ̲סж
nѩɽ쾸ǡ
nѩɽʮ֮һ쾸˽
ˣ쾸־ͽ˹
쵰׼һΣΪҾôˡӰһſڣȥͨϵĺǰݷá
ס
ʲôٿС˹㡣
ǣǣȥ档
˵ţʹҴææȥˡ
ʮ֮һ˳ۿ˭ʲô飿
ǰˣԼʶ
쾸
˾쾸
ȥ
һԴоԼܵƭ
Ǹ쵰־ȻǼٵġ
ûµĻϽɣ˵꣬תҪ
˹
ʱ룬ں
ֻӸûκηӦǰ˼֮ȻͻȻ뵽ʲôͷң
ģ˭Ȼð˹
ҡ
һ֣Ҫ治ʶңһλҡУҸոպ˹֣˲ֹһģֻ˵һ⣬Ѿĸ˹
ҲݣȻ㿴ˡ
õģڸվãȻϵĶȫ
ʲô
ô٣
˵ţͳӳȥ
Сӣҿ˵ˣոͻƵླ磬ȻҶ
ۣ
˵
쵰ٶô
飡飡飡
ˣˣҷˣҳҲ˹˹
˹ôп˹
һ㶼ѿ˹İ֮һϽ
֮У˹Ҫƿնȥȴεͣ
˹

˻࿴ţϧ֪ĻΪ˸á
Ǹһ̣˹ͷ˳ȥ
ôңǿǡ
飡
һױԴϻ
ʲô
԰͵Ĳͷѣװ
ˣá
˹һѵͭ¶һ׺ݵ
ҸôôС
⻹ࡣ
պ˶˿һԵ˹һð㣬һ١
Ǻǡ
ˣͲòˡ
̫á
ʲô
ûʲô᲻㰡ܲܲߣ
ҽ첻ˡ
𰡣
ЦЦӳһ˹ˣǻԳǷһǧٿ鲻ྦྷ
ˣ
ǵûС
ʲô˼
տһŵЩྦྷ͵ҸҪˡ
ԣԡ
˳ٸдһծƽԺȥһԳǿӻծ
ţ
ЦЦպýת뿪쾸ǡ
˹ˣң¶챻ˣ˵ͻƣ
˹оܵƭ
Ǻǡ
Цƨ㵱Ұ׳ô
ڽʱɱλѾһһˡھǸͻƣҸоǹ˶Ƕ֣ˣֻ֣Ǳһ٣㲻ˡ
˭أ۾ɱλ񣬻һһ
㲻ţ
ϻ㵱Сء
Ҳš˹̾˿սϣһʵֲ̫ˡ
ģ
ƭôҲ²Ӧһȷ򡣡
һȡ򣡡
֮УĸһȷĲ࣬󲻶һͷ
֪˵ĻԳ˭ô
˭
ķ񽫣һλ񡣡
꣬еˡ
ŵ˰ɣսԳҪ֪֡ģԳĽӪʣͽ֪ţˡ˵ոֻһ٣ǲѾܿˡ
ô˵Һܶˡ

˹ЦţĲྦྷ黹㲻
ȻһױԴһǧٿ鲻ྦྷֵԶԴ
˵׬ˡ
֪֮ԻྦྷӦտŵıꡣ
Ǹ
˹㿴ʲô
ܲܰװһٰɣ㿴
Ҷ
˹˵ţӻӳһ鲻ʯ
˹˶סˣոŪһǧٿ鲻ྦྷ͸һ鲻ʯ
쵰ҲҪˡ
ãʡˡ

쾳
ûмŻѧԺ
ԼսõԴȻԼ档
ʱһɫʢŵһùѫһɫҺ塣
죬ʲôܵһŨŨҶӰѯʵ
ҺĲǣֲ֮ȡһأһֻһһѫܶһһ֣һһڹѫŶһһ֣ӦÿʹܻԪĵز
ģ
ҶӰ˷쾳ܳΪһԪԺͰȫˡ
ҺעĸգȻˮһʼתĸλ
ۿɼٶȣ賤
תۣһʱȥ
ȥĳɳʱȻֹͣ
ˡ
죬ҸоΧĿռڽ
˵ͷ֪ʵҪƬռ֮жȥ
쾳֮УҲо󣬸ʼΰ
䣡
ռ֮УԼ졣
ֻ쾳Ŀռ䣬εضֱռ
쾳ΪһĴԪ
ĸ޵չȥ֮ȡȻάԪġ
еľſŴҲֹͣתǾϳĹʵһʼ
仯ʮңȶ
ԪһϵԪһж֮С
ҶӰҪѧԺȥҴԴȡǿߡ
ǣ졣
УԺԪ⣬ȻǴԪ֮ҾͨԪҲͨϵҡ
ģ

۾Ըܵ˼

˳ȥ
֮󣬿һͼ־Ȼǰ쾳һڹ꣬Ӧþ͵ļޡ
ѧԺԪ԰Ǵ͵κһͲ̫Զˡ
ҲδؾȥκһĴͣɼѧԺĿ¡
ôãڿԻȥˡ

ѧԺ
漶ɴһ·
棬棡ǵǰķɴ
ѧԺ
˵ţ漶ɴһѧԺͼڣפر߾ʿÿһ·
ɴӹѸٵʻ˵
ѧԺѧķɴ
ŵ糤Ȼˡ
ϧˣûп糤ݡ

һ·ص˵뵽ѧԺԪ
ѧˡ
ţˡ
ѧ˵ȥսô
ɲ棬춼ˣ˵һӣһսʣĲˡ
ô£
ѧͻô
¡
Ҳѧ϶ͻˣϾողãҲʮǰɣҦѧҲͻˡ
Ȼͣ˽Ų˵ѧüҦͻˣ


1696 ͬѧ֮޼۵
ѧЩнǵǣǵġ
һ£ٵĴȺˡ
Ժ칫ҡ
Ժڡ
ڣ
˼һ£˵ͷҵ棬ʦҳʽԺ
õġ
۽ӹ򵥵ɨһۡ
û£Ҿˡ
ţȻͻƵ˽ɾ磬ϻһѧú׼һ¡
֪
˵꣬뿪ѧԺ
ɽҪؼȥһԼ裬Ȼһˡ
Ҧܣ
һ̫ˡ
þò糤
ҦЦţָָǰͤһӣʾ
ˣҦӦġ
˵ͻˣ
ҦܣܸܵҦǿϢ
Ϣܲ
Ҷѡ
ҲͻƵ˽ɾ֪ͻûκεĽҡ
룬ֻҦǫ顣
ҦͬʱַҪַһ۳һַ򣬱ͻƻҪ
˵Ҧͻ֮Żرȡ
ҿûǫ飬ǽҶѡӦ֪ǳ磬ɺͺɵĵӣ꣬ҵݳһַںϵ򷨺һ֮󣬺׾ͻˡ
⡭
еˣͻƿǾ˾һҦͻôǺˮƵġ
ȻûжԱȾû˺ҦܽΪ˴˵ġ
ϻˣ˵ʲôɡ
ôˡ
Ǻǡ
ҪʵģûȤͲˡ
ҦЦЦССĴһĺˬ
ðɣ˵£ҽֲҫġ
һҦܣôоҫģ˲ټҲҫˡ
޳ܰ޳ܣǰôûҦܡ
˵
ŶģҲ֪ѧԺš
ȵȣ˭ѧԺš
ٺ٣ҲãҲա֮Уǿңңȣ˵׵Ů˵һ屶ǿĶ
ֲʵ
ģȻʵѧԺ˶࣬Ժ
Ǻǡ
Ҧ˵治֪ڹģôˡ

Ϊ˶࣬ҲȽǣͷѧԺ֧֣һѧԺɽ֣ѧճԼõƷЩŰȻˣЩɽָ顭
ҶˣȻѧԺֵ֧ģһȥԱɽֵĹƶȡ
룬ЩҦܣѾľ˵飬ҲԿһƤֺ˲١
ܳΪģƤûбġ
ƶҪصģ˵Ĳ
㵽ʲô˼
Ի·Щˣֱεĸо
Ǹ˵ɽֹѸýˡ
ѣ
ˣ˵˰죬ҪǮġ
ŵ˶ţƺģŵһȥչѣ˵糤Ҫ
ԣˡ
Ѫϸһ룬ԼŵԱɵó
˺˲Ը˵ĹѣԸŹ֡
˰ɣ˺ܾˡ
ãҽ
ЩΪ糤ҽô
ҦЦŸһӣòߣҲˣ˵㶫ֹѣȻˡ
·ϣϵ֮ɽֵĹô£
糤㲻ύ˰ɣ
ţҦܶҪˣ糤ܲô
ðɣǵһѵġ
һ
Щˣ˼Ǳ˶û԰ɡ
ɽȻֳģƨĹѣһɱûУǱѣŶˣύ˵ǽǿ϶ҲǽѧԺô¡
˵ˣ͵û
һΣıҦܸεˡ
󣬽Ҧһ˵Ļӣ˵ȥչѡ
Ȼͺͱ˵㿴˵˶ˣѵ˻ţơ
Ȼڶ˾Ͱ̯λȥչˣһʱ仹˲١
˵İ칫֮УҦܹЦοһѣͻƵɾ绹Ҫˬ
糤
һһ㣬ȫ

Ůˡ硢硢׵һʱͰ˵ͽ
ýͣܲ˵ԼǱҦƭ˰ɡ
ô£㻹Ů˵Ů
Ů
һ飬⻰˵еˡ
ѵǣСǲš
⣬ðɡ
һҶİҪ֪ҶһύǱҦǼһˡ
Ǻǡ
Ҷİתߣ˽ˣŮҲύ
ѧԺȻ˵࣬˵ţƵĻŮˡ
һɫţ˭Ҫ֡
Ȼѧ֯׻ᣬҶİˣҪ˵볡ѣȻŮ˵˾Ͳμˡ
ûŮ˵˲μӣǻʲô׻ᣬɴɡ
ʱҦܾˡ
ѧԺʵǿȥˣɽֵĹ취ɽչѣƽϢ顣
ɽֹѣǿ϶˲ˡ

ɽλѧ͸в֮䣬СѧѧҲͨɽ֡
ɽ־һѧ֮Ľгÿ춼вѧƷס
У԰һǣߵּۻۡ
ΪʲôߣȻݣɽǺܳһ顣
λͬѧ㿴鱦ʯǿ˲ã֮кټ̲ʯһҪңԼһҡ̲ʯǸʲôģҶ˵˰ɣʯ֮Уӱԣ߱ĵȽס
ȷʵˡ
һ૵ƺЩ⶯
ô߹·Ҫ̲ʯǾҪҡ
̫ˡ
⻹ˣ˭ͬѧҸۡ
ҿǿǡ
㻹ǣӹҪ˵ۣ
һۣ㿴ô
ȥأһ̲ʯҳİɡ
ôǾˡ
ҡҡͷתҪ뿪
ˣ˭ͬѧΪܹΪ̲ʯҲΪˡмۣ֮ͬѧ֮޼ۣˡ
ţͬѧ֮޼۵ġ
˵ţڵļѧҪˡ
ƨͬѧ֮飬˵֮ǰҲȰ߽ҿˡ
ôˣ
һһױԴ󵶣ֵԶ̲ʯ㿴ɲԡ
Դ

˵ţһѹͷ󵶡
Է˹ϸһ£ȻָָеĵУ˵İɣⶼлˡ
ҪҪлˣֵҲ̲ʯֵ߰ɡ

ҪˣҲˡ
ȵȣɽ
˽˶Ҫ뿪
ǲȶԷԶ̯ȻڵͬѧȵȵȣҸոոˣǸ̲ʯ
̲ʯ
ǵġ
˵ţ̯óһӵʯͷǣĽ

ӿ˿νĽ̲ʯ̲ס浱ɵⲻͨĻʯô
ŰɣһҾ͵ˣ˭ͬѧ
ðɣȻ㶼˵ˣǾͰѸոҸĹͷùɣʵѵ⡣
Ҳݣ⣬ӻôôҡ
ȿȣҸ㻻һ㿴ѣڵһױԴûлڡ
⡭ԭô
ôᣬһױԴڵһױԴ

ƾ
˺Ȼͬʱ˵Ȼµ̲סһ
㣡
Ȼ㡣
˶ӵͷˡ
Ҳòȥ

תۣһսʼˡ
ɾʱһ
ƾ뵽Ժ칫һˡ
˶ʱɵۣȥԺ칫ңΪɽֶۼٻɡ
Χͬѧֻ
һ·Ժ칫ң˻ڻ²š
ȥɡ
ſڣԻЩЦá
ֻǽȥ֮˷滹ˣҶİ׶
ǺǣҶڰɡ
ƾ˵ţΪҲǷ£ܷġ
磬ʲôոջͷ£
ҷ£
ȻˣǷ£ܱ
磬ģұȽ죬һ㿴ôô֤Ժͷ㡣
ģ
ǵȻҶŮ״ãһҲúѧѧ
ԱߵƲƲ죬챻Ժ칫ң㻹ˡ
ʱǴӺ˹
˻ûʲôӦƾˢһ¾͹˵ϣȻ󰧺ԺҴˣҲɽٻҶԲѧãԲѧ㣬ԲѧܣԲѧԲλʦԲԲ𡭡
Աߣ˶ǿˡ
ʲôҲ̫Ϭ˰ɣԵᳵ·
ǻãֱӱȥӣҪļһԴɽֳѾﲻʮˣÿζΪ˸Ͷˡ
쵰Ҳǵһܺߡ
ֻһ뷨ƾȥúõһ


1697 ½
ǲ֪˵ʲôã֮ǰ˵ƾ¼
һﵱڻ磬һ˲֪ˣû뵽ӱ䱾
ƾѧԺôѧǿѧԺ֪ʲôôʥϣ߸ϡһõĴݶΪ㿴أһɵӡ
Щʹļ׵˵üλѧǳһڶ
Ժҡҡ
ƾҲɵˣǰһײͦõô۴Ժʱͦ׵ġ
ʱǻһתôҲһЩ࣬㿴֮깫ʦģҲڤģҲĸģͼ֣ҿ㡣
ûɣ
ƾɵˣҶˣ˵
Ժⲻƽ
ˣеܲˣôԺ
޼ô
ʲôܲˣƾƭˡ㱻ƭˣֻ˵Լǻ۲ƭ֮Ҳسӣ˵ʵ㿴ĻǲǾͺܶˡ
ǡ
ϸ룬Ϊߵ㣬ֱƭˣֱӾܰƾ裬ǻ۹ˣҲϵƭ
Լԭ㡣
ƾһ˷ֱӴӵվ˵ǶҪмңǡ
ɵˣƭ˶ôߴô
Ժƾǵʥּӵı䱾
ʱ߽ˡ
ֱǿѧԭ㡣
Ժ
˽֮˵
ߡ
㿴˿ԵЩ⡣
˶ˡǿ˿ټǹǽһ񡣡
񣿡
յʱ̽鵽һ½ʱУ½ܻѧԺķչԾͼ˴½λáټǹȥ̽һ½һ½棬ʲôѧԺаġ
˶۾һ
½汦ͻ϶١
ӣҲѧҪһ½֪̽ʲôãʧܣǧھͲҪѧˡ
ǧڲҪѧˣǱ񰡡
㲻ɣ˴ѧΪȻֻǸؼ㻹ûеط˵
ˣǻʲôʣ
˻࿴˿ʱվ˵Ժôȥ
ѧԺֱӰǴ͵Ǹ½
Ǿ̫òˡ
ԺǸ½ʲôӣǲнɼĴڡ
ǵġ
˶
ϾȺ棬ҲͻƵ˽ɾ磬˿ɶǽ۾Ϊ
ûµĻ׼һ¾ͿԳˡ
ǡ
γȥһߵſڵʱ˿ǣһ
ллԺ
Щ飬Ҫ˵֪֪ɡ
˵ţӰһı䵭ֱʧ
֮˴ѧԺ˳ȥٴγֵʱѾһƬ½Ͽա
ÿ죬͵ô
ƾŽ¿ȥϡܿɽ壬ԶȥƬ½֪ڹ
Ƭ½λҲ֣ȫԵڿռ
ȥ
ͷ˴½Ʋ䵽˴½֮ϡ
Ȼ˶ˣƬ½Ļ͵ƣֻŨȺܸߣﵽ˵ʮϡ
½֮ϣľʢеľǸߴǧס
ӳɶƻ
ҶӰ˿ѯʵ
ƻ
˵ţ˵
˼ûС
ȥ

ɣȷֿ̽һ½
ֿ
ԣԣ⡣
ֿ̫ҲãѾǽɾˣԼӣһô
û
˵ţܿ켸˾˶ӡ
׶һӡ
ԭҶӰһӡ
ƾһӡ

ʱϵҼϰѵõϢһ¡
ףӳ
˷ٵĿʼжת۾Ͳټ
һСʱɭĳ
ƾһƨһϣʵ治СһӣҵѿҶŮ񡣡
С֣ȫҶС֣Ϊƭһӡ
ˣǲƾʱЦЦע⵽һôԺεİź˼
˼ָʲôЩ֡
ѵûпô˵ģҶӰŮ˵ģ׵ģ˵ģ׶ģ֮⣬ŵĴѵΪɺϣӣȻûпԺ⡣ƾЩɸֵ˵
⡭ȷʵЩ֣ס
룬һŵ̭˵Ҫˡƾ̾һһѾĸо
Ѿˡ


1698 Ϭı
ƾʱޱȿ϶˾ŲʮҪˣȥ֮˵λûˡ
ܰɣ˿ѧԺţŵλûûٺҡϸ룬ƾĻе㲻ס
ô֪֪о仰ʥѲ⣬Ժ˼ᶮҿһֱ˵ѧԺаԵ࣬ΪѧԺһˡЩѧǲԸˣͻᱻԡ룬Ժ᲻а˷ѵ뷨ʱûˣ˵Żܱɰ˴š
⡭
ˣ̿϶޷⣬о仰ô˵ţǽвޡڴĿˣ糤ҦܣҪΪ˸ȰԣȰ׼
ĬˣȻЩƾЩﻹǶҡˡ
ĵá
һôǵʱ군ˣҪ
Ӧô죿
Сʵһ̵ӡ
ƾﰵЦǻô죬Ȼǽˡһ˵Сģ˵ͲһˡȽˣȻҶŮǻڲ֮ˣʱҪ̭ĸţ˵㡣
һ£ΪʲôҶŮԭ׶ô
ɵɵЩΪߵģܴ˵ԺĹϵԺȡˣŮˣǾͲ˵ˣΪѧԺ֮һţͳѧԺٷ֮ʮϵӣĸűȡˣŮ˶ᡣ˵ѵ֪Ůǰ糤˭
˪
ﵹһ֪˪ݡ
ѧԺʲܼңԺˣԺڵˣѧԺ˭ǡ
е˵̫еˡＱæ˵ţãǾͺҶŮˣʱǱֵúˣȥһ϶ġ
ƾﰵ⣬û뵽ԼһͺƵһѡ
Ҫɵģ˿ʼ̽Ƭɭ֡
Ȼк
һæ˹ȥȻ;ˡ
ֻ֮Уһͷ׶ߵĴϻںһ׳Ĵս

ƾ½Ȼл
㲻ǷϻôĻ̫ʺˣûл֡
ƾΪ̵Ҳݣ쿴ǿ㿴ôǴһβȥβ;K6ϽƵģĿռ䶼˲ơ
ϻҲݼֱԭȥǼˣҧסβͣǡȻҧϴ˱ԴĻô
߻ᴩףô˵ĸߵ̫Ӳˡ
˵ߵ嶼һˡ
ߵϢҸоҲԪɾѡ
˵ţսֳ˾޴ı仯ǴһβͳϻСֱӰϻ˦ȥʮͷ˲֪ٸ
ʱ׷ȥһҧסϻĲӣֱKO
ϻ˰죬û˷Ӧ
ײС
ǰԪɾѣҸоսʤߣ¶ҪһЩʱ䡣
Ҫߵ̫Ӳˡ
ôҪҪ֣ҸоǱ
⻹˵һƤ·ܿһױԴס
˵ţѾȡԼǳ乭׼˴ߵ۾
ߵҲǿ۾һĵط
ȱţж
ƾְǳϣȻһʾһ¡
ɫһ䣬պ˹
ţһӡ
ֻԶֵƺʲôڿٱڣض
ˣһĸˣһŮ
ҿˡ
ƾ˵ţ˿ˮ㿴ЩǸľΪ׵ǸŮӣ̫ˣȵӰľ鹫¶Ҫҷֻ֣һۣѾס
ĵĿ˿ƾƨĵһۣҼǵѧԺֹһѧ˵⻰㿴ѧԺЩѧã˭㰡
вУһġ
һ㲻ġ
˻һۣȻǱѾ
ֻƺŮӵ£Χס˴ߣŮһųǹʱҪǴһ
߱ҪͣζͻȻϣʱףȫˡ
ƾͺҲֻھԹۡ
ĸ˵ΪҲԪɾ磬ע⵽ǵǿôһҲǿûˣҸоҲŽӽһ
Щ˵ôġ
ҿġ
ѵǱ
һѾҵ˴˴ĺڡ
˵Щ˺ǿܡ
ǵģԺ˵ĶѧԺķչаϸ룬ҲǲʵҪüȽס
⻹ǡ
˵ţ۾ˡ
ΪֻʥɾԪɾȴӵнɵ壬˭Ҫ
ΪŪܣֻһˡƾʱһľ
סôʣôжôƾҪʲôɲǿЦġ
û취˭ҳô˧ֻʩչһмƣŮˣʱʲôܾͶˡȥҪ֤ⶼΪһжΪҵܲڴˣҵȻࡣƾȻһ̾һҲ˭ĸоһԵѾҧгݣҪˡ
Ǽ޳ܵģûô޳ܵġ
ôƻʲô飿
ǺǣŮһݸ߹Ҫ£ҷ㡣
ҵ˧һ֪㿴ðɣϴŻᣬҾҪӢ۾ˡ

ϣλһзɳһס˴ߡ
߲ҽ

һλӺʾŮӿԳˡ
ʱŮһɳ죬ץųǹֱֱĴ˴ߵԴ
ɾʱǴ߿ʹȫβһ˦ȻеһȻβһѷɵһֱŮӵؿڡ
ҪǴˣŮһᱻ̸Դ
ûᣬҪӢ۾ˡ
ƾŮӻҵ˷ܵĳ˳ȥΪһӰһս˴ߵβ͡
ʱĽͷ̻Ƶġ
￴ֻ˵һ䣬ˣ̫ˡ
飡
սߵβײһ𣬷̶Ľײ
ƾֻоֱ飬һ᲻ɴݵʯͷһǴߵβҲ˳ȥ
һУ־§סŮӵȻͿһƬƬƮ䣬ĿԣһĿ£һȫ±Ƶӡ
ĻǾˡ
⻹ԼЧô˵ġ
أʵһӵʱ䣬ȴݳһô
û°ɡСӡС㡭Ů
һĳƺȫ֪ôƺˡ
ǲװʲô˾
￴һ乭Ǵߡ
ƾˣﻹȥ
ֻ˴ߵ˫ۺͺڣǾɱ֮
߷Ӧʱβһ˦סһͨŴֱһԴ
߲ţĵ˵ϣһغ
ʱ˳ﻹŹżԣһһʱļŮ˸ɱˡ
ʲôˣ
ŮƿƾƺЩδ
ӣ˿ҲһصĿˡ
ŮԶơޣˡǱߣǺߵս˹ƾſںߣ⻰ֱ̫ˣֱӾһۣ㻹ұࡣ
ߣŮӿ˿ʾȰѱҽݿɣǶɪĹոллľ֮
ⶼӦõġƾϡ
ǸŮָָǴߣҪսƷĽô
ݿɣȱ˵ʱƾæڣ˵֪ôݿɹڿĵһۣҾȷһֱڵȴǸˡϲ㣬ݿɡ
ۣԱߵҪȵˮֱӾ˳ôֱӵıף㿼ǹԱ߹ڵĸô
ĵһۣȷϹô
ݿҲסƺûо̣ϳһĨ糺졣
ɵۣʲôӣû˶׹ɣҪݵĽô
ү㶼ܹô
ݿ˵ʲôƾһѱݿɣڶԷûзӦʱֱȥ
ʱѾɵˣǳˣȻ޾
̫Ϭˡ
ݿڷӦ˹͵ƿƾ
ԱߵӣҲǰεһҪƾǧеӡ
Բ𣬶ԲçײˣҡҴˡƾһޱȵӣԹԵĸԼӡ
㡭ݿ˰죬ҧҧ´βˡ
ҶƾЦЦ
꣬ⶼС޺޵һȭ˴ϣ۳ױ߸ˡ


1699 лĻݳ
ǹڴߵķ䡣
ƾߡݿѯʵ
Ȼҵͬɱģ˭˭Ժһˣ߾ˣ񡣡ƾʮִȫһԲϳʹɫ
ݿЩϲɫ
Ը´ߣʱƾﶼǷһЩرĵط
λûаѴ߰Ƥ⣬һķѪҺϸСģ©ˣֱߵⶼˣûһѪ˿ͣȻ˴ߵƤ⡣
ƾ㿴ôҪѪԴߵƤȤﴫ
ôûֲɵ
˵ʲôԭѵߵѪȴ߿һױԴƤ󡣡
֪ʲ֪ˡ
ױ¶
ֻĻû˵꣬ǱƾѾˡ
ݿɣռôѪʲô
ԴŤͷⲻŸǣǲˡ
ֱô
˵ʥѪΪʹǵǿ
ʥѪ
ƾ˵ͷͷôʥѪʹǿ

ݿ˴ЩûмŻȥɭ֮мߡ
ʱע⵽ԭǽµĿ֦Ҷ֮£Ȼִߡ
ôôߡ
ЩȣϸоһЩߣʵϵЩġ
ȣЩߵһƽʵĶһȻĻףЩߵķôǿΣЩߵͷǻĴ˵ԴһҲͬڵЩߵģЩߵߴ֮ҲλãȻһ˫򣬲ʵЩصĳ޷壬
ܳߣʵܶѾﵽ˽ɾ
ǻĴ˵еΟߣ
ͦģǾͽΟˡ
ƾڵΪΟߣѪȻҲͽΟʥѪ

ӡ
ϢʱƾͻȻݿɣȻһƬ
ݿɷӦƿƾʱѾˡ
ʲôݿָָƾһ
ԡ˵ţƾְ֣Ȼ϶ռ˵ɸ󣬿ʼݿôʹ
ݿһ£ܰһЩĶ¼ʱ治ѡ
ϣƾݿɵ񣬷˵ҪݿɿӰ
ްޣ
洫Ц˶ˡ
ʲôĶˣݿɾɵҲ֪ˡ
˵õأʲôˡ
ڶ糿ƾŹˣһﾹȻݿɵһҹ
ƾҾǿ϶¶ˡ
֪
㻹ȥݿɹ
ⲻǹǰ顣
Ҿø㣬֪ôġ
ôᣬûϾ͸㶨ݿˣʱҪʲô鱨㲻
㶨ţҿǿˣʲôƶ˰ɡ
³
Ǻǡ
Լ켯ʱ䵽ˣǱȴǴϢ˵һ飬ʱȲϡ
ƾҲ㲻ʲôϵĻƾˡ
˾ݿɭֹ˰£ɱǧߣѪռ˼Ͱ
ϧһֱûϢ
˵᲻ˣ
ˣ
ƾһۣսôΣգûô
ڣݿɴȥˡ
ƾҪһȥݿ룬ѯʵ
ǵȻϱҪŵġԣǳŮҪĸģȼĸĸһѧϰκĸദһǧְ취ĸĸҡ
˼
ô˵˼Ƕ˼˰

һ·ϣƾŪһЩ鱨
½ܴ󣬲ȴֻһңǾݿ˵ĶɪжɪΪʲôûɪʵУڰǰͱˡ
ɪһоŴǳأĵǣλڶɪģ˴ǳػš
Ҫȥʵǰ˴ǳ֮һǳǣȻǳǲܻصǡ
ݿɣƯ͸㡣
ƾִ·߲һҰ͸ݿɣÿظɵһ顣
ͻȻݿƯ
˵ѧ椴ϵľ·Ǿһ飬ŮϰĴڣͻȻʱͻ㣬㣬ֱ㡣
ֹ˿£ڵǳǡ
ǰǳǣף涼ľˣϸǽ棬һЩµĺۼ
ȥ㿴ûУǽƤġ
꣬ݳްٵĻףһȺܼӡ
˵½ֻһôǳǽôߣΪ˷˭
ң˭ˣֵȥòݿɵʱˣȥˡ
ôһˡ
ٴκһȻҲֻܸƾһˡ
һ·˳С
ݿɳͨĽ˳ڣҪܻ
ƾܽӴ˸ˣһٺƣ½ҲŪ߰˰ˡ
½ô˵أԳ֮ΪΟߴ½
Ϊ½ʵĿĲݿЩྫߣΟߡ
ĳǽҲȷʵǵ˵ģǵΟߡ
˵Ο֣һǳ˶Οߵʳ
糿
ƾòݿɣݿɣʵһۼʱǺӵֶˡ
ʲô
ݿɿƾѯʵ
ý˹͡ô
˹͡
ɣһҹ֮ͷ˲֪ٸ֡

һ졣
ݿɣܲܽϹ
Ϊʲô
ΪӶƺɷġ
Ϲ


µһ졣
ƾŴ⣬оһɱ֮мʧˡ
Ǻǣռ˱ˣڸ˵ʧˡ
ҵİ鰡ƾ̾һǸˣҲоˣΪǿǡ
ǵģǿӦǴﵽ˽һ
ȻƾͱˣҪ׽ǵĽࡣ
㶼ܸо
ǿݿɵһʱȥ˳Ȼġ
Ҿ˵λȻ֪ͣôͲǣԭڵȳҪȷһʧ
ǰǵİ顣
ӣҲռ˼ôˣˡ
ҸĿġ
һš׼ģѾ׼ˣô
֮ǰȥһݿɡ
ȥ׳һĿƾѾϷ˰ɡ
Ҫһƾ룬ңҽ컹ûʰ
ȥɣ˱˵û㡣˻֡
ƾЦЦ治ɫĳȥˣƺûʶΣա
Σе㲻ƾҪʲôˣһʱͱǳսȥ
ݿɵס
ݿɣҽˣ㻹˯ô
˵ţݿɻڲ˯ƿžͽȥˡ
˿̵ݿɴװ
ƯˡƾЦЦʵҽ졭ġ
𣿡
ݿɿƾһذףɫ䡣
ǵģҪˡ
ƾ˿ݿɣЦЦ
ңˣݿɿƾһɱ⡣
㶼֪ˣ
һֵʱҾ֪ˡ
㻹ԸҸ㣿
ȻԸߣҲһǡ
á
ƾ̾һݿɵĶ䡣
ɾƾֵ˲䣬һֻһذ״ƾֱӴ͸ؿڡ
Ҫɱô
ƾݿɣЩʹۣ࣬ڵġ
ҡ
ݿһʱЩ֪룬ΪոƾҪ֣ͳˣȻˡ
ƾ˿ؿڵĶ⻹һҶһذס
ݿɳĬּ¶
ڵģһϵİǰûϧʧȥʱһ׷ĪʹĪڴˡܹһһεĻᣬ㻹ôô
ƾ˵ţ

ݿɣ˵š
Ȼֻ͵ذγذףѪɽ䵽ݿɵϡ
ߡ
쵰Ƿˡ
ֱŽסƾΪһŮˣûôƴġ
ʱһǿϢֹ
ǳĳˡ
𡭡
ݿ˵Сըûˡ
ʲôˣ־ܣ
һӴ߹ڣ߰˳ߣӸ£ƾ
ͬʱʿΧס
ߡ
֪ôһһӡ
˵ţһ壬ֻĹЩһ󷨡
û󷨣֮Ҳ˿ƽѧԺ󷨣ſ뿪ԭ

еһжˣݿֻƾӰԽԽһʧˡ
ոյϢ˷ɳǳǡ
ģʲô⡣ӣô׵ģ׷
ųʿ׷˳ȥݿһʱʶԼĶ䣬ǾȻһɫСޡ
Ծأ¡

⡣
ƾŴӴܵȻʧϣ˷ܵЦݣҵлĻݳô
㣿
￴˿˿ڶѾϵƾˣţƴˡ


1700 ҺȣȾ
ƾҲǵޱȣԼݼ
ߣǸ׷ˡ
ﳯȥע⵽һӰǿ׷
ǻʲôܰƾ˵ţԼķɽ˽һٶһ
ãոҴܣڷɽһ˾˦ûӰˣôҲҡ
ҲɷģħĴʩչƾٵ׷ȥ
ٶ֮죬úĳɵˡ
۾ٶȾȻһ㶼ɭ֮Уòˡ
ȥЩ١

ݿ˵мӡ
磬ȼɭϡ
Ȼǰ˴֮һһڹλȻ޷ȡ
ϾֻλΪǹǿȵϴڣǿߡ
޳ƾôˣݿЩѯʵ
ںˣֻһ뷨Ǿƾǧܱɱ˲źãȻĻ
ˣһܵıӶ죬ҿǽ˰أû׷ȥ
ˣ
ݿһȻȻ¶һĨЦݡ
޿ݿɣЩ㲻ô£ץ˵ôûץôˡ
ڶ죬һݿɾ
ƾ
æľȥţǴ֮ȴǷǳһŮ
ʱʧ
÷عˡ
Ŷ֪ˡ
ݿɵ˵ͷȻĹ˷ţһſϣ

ɭ֮УƾոɱһͷԪɾżΟߡ
Ѫı˾Ѫ壬ʹ岻ǿﵽ弶𡣡룬˵ʵʥɾ۷ΪֻһͻƵɾ磬۵ǿȣȴǻԪɾôݸѪ裬Ч
ٺ٣ҲˡѪҲãǵʵ϶ܵõȵʱһĽɶܶһƾҪ׬ˡ
˵ţѧݿЩ˰Ѵ߸ˣȻһڵһӣѪȥ˾˽ȥ

һѪأ͸еһصڳǵ꣬ˡ
ʱͨѶ
ҶŮأ
ƾǰͶӰһˣҶӰԭˡ
ҲĿ˹
ˣ̫ˣǻ˶ɪһǳأǸսȥûãͱǸǵĳʶƣ׷ɱ˼ڹҶӰ޺޵
ƾЦҲˣɱǺöˡ
ҲˣҶӰһ
ǰǲˣڳס˼졣Աߵ䲻ĲţƵǣǶɪݿɹ֪ĳ̸һž֮ڹǹڳء
ⶼʲôʲôҶӰ±ƣˣֱӰǵλ÷Ϲ
õģŶҶŮôôաƾ˵ţλøҶӰ
СʱҶӰԭҴҸϹˡ
ǿѪƾоĹ̫̹ˡ
裿ҶӰˣôָо˸ִġ
ǸûŪʲô鱨˵˵
á
Ҳɣ˵õ鱨Ϣ˵߰˰ˡ
ҶӰԭ󣬿Ѫ۾ˡ
ԭѧҡѪûôʲôɷ֣㿴ܼܲ
򵥡
ԭ˵ţȡһٺѪȻóһѵʼ˼⡣
ʱȥŰСʱ󣬽ͳˡ
ô
ǲ˼飬Ѫ֮һӣӿǿϸһЩǿվҲУ٣Ѫ棬ӵŨ̫ˡ
ֱ˵ʲôôԼܻʲôӰ졣
ôȻͲ˵ˣһֱѪǿȥȻ޷һԪɾӵһ壬ϾǴ汲ͿʼǿӵѾ뵽ǵĻ֮Уʥɾ磬ȫǿһġôǵо仰˵Ѫ
ҶŮҺȣȾңҸоҵҪըˡƾѪ֮ſھǵ
ҶӰһ˦ƾ˦ȥ˼
ǸȻѪΪֻҪɾ磬ͲܵӰ졣ԭ˼İѻ˵ꡣ
ƾһǱĻԭĻһ٣´ܲܰѻһ˵꣬㿴ˡ֪кöСҩ裬óֲһ˵С顣
ԭŤͷû
ҶӰԭǽ˰ɡʱ


1701 һٺ
ҶӰԭһһģʲô˼
ԱߵƾǺǣֻ˵һ䣬Ѿҵ̨ʡ
￴˻һ±ƵӣظоϵѹƣҲֻƾ˵ģ˭֪ˡ
ѵǶûпô˵ģƾ׵ģ˵ģҶŮŮ˵ģԭǿģ׶ģ֮⣬ŵĴΪɺϣǵ̣ȻûпԺ⡣Щɸֵ˵һĻֱ̫ˡ
ƾ˵ġ
⡭ȷʵЩ֣ԭסüͷ
Ҫ˵ɺϣҲ̫ɺˣһһõһ
ѵԺ⡣
Ҷ٣ɱƭҡҶӰѯʵ
ҶŮƭ˭Ҳƭ㰡
˵˵Ժʲô⣿
ʵһ̭֮Ҫˡﳤ̾һһѾĸоȫƾķ档
һʱ䣬ҶӰԭɵˡ
ҪˣԺͨһε¶֮
ȵȣҲǲܰ
˵ģǸʵĻѾȫԺ
ô
ҶӰԭ࿴˿ܿԷе𺳡
ƺඥĸо
ȻЩţȷʵЩҶӰ룬Ǹ˵˵˵Ľʲô˼
ٺ٣ǽ˰ԺͨЩ˵ı֣һǸŵ˵ģԵرţǿ϶ġôĸԣټһ𣬽һˣȻ֮ȡúõɼʱ϶Ͳǵˡ¶һЦݣǴһԣǼȴһס
Ϊʲôԭüͷøжһ㡣
ǲɵ˭Ķ֣ʱһȫ̵ˣ˭˵ȥĵֻ⻰ôҲô졣
ϸһ룬ҿҲƾ˵ġ
еҶӰ˵ͷʣµֻ׶Լˡ
ƾɶҪ˵ôԭһ۲ԵƾЩ֡
Ҫ˵Ļ쵰˵ˣģҵ̨ʡƾ
ЦеƾÿΪʲôôˡ
˶¶һղЦݡ
˿ʼʽˡ
Ҳż뿪Ҳʼɭ֮ߣȡѪ
ҲɵһȥԺȡΟѪɾûô׵ġ
ʱôҲҪȰԼһźá
ȵȣͻȻ뵽һ⣬ôȻΟǲ٣ǸߵȽ׵Ο߳ɲףҪǶɱˣô졣λ˧ŮǣҪʵпɳչս԰ƾǰһʥɾżΟߣ˵š
ɳչɵۣһоƾӻˣ־Ҳûհ
ûɡҶӰҲס˵ô
ҲݣǿҲҪ񿴰׳һòãôôԼ룬ǼȻѾȷΟѪĹؼȴһԵİѸߵȽ׵ΟɱһɾǻȥᱻԺôƾʹļ˵
⡭Ժ᲻ΪǺ˽
ǻ᲻ᣬǿ϶ᣬʱǵۣܸD
D˶ǵһⲻʧˡ
ǺúݶԺԭء
ǾȻ˵
ǵĿ⴩͸ʱգȫƾĲ֪ƫ񣬾þ
Ҳ̫ܺˣԺ㶼Ҫˡ
˵Ǹô죿Щɵѯʵȫû
ȡѪԣ߾ͲɱˣȡѪֲ֮󣬵ЩΟߵѪֲˣֿԿֵĻոˣ˵ǲǿɳչٺ٣ԺѧԺԴԴϵΟѪˡƾΪ˵š
ţȻ̫еˡ
ⲻǿɳչʲô
ǻʲôԭܣֵġѪҶӰǰʥɾżΟߣġ
ȥһΧŹͷʥɾżΟߴĲᶯˣȻʼĳѪ
ߴͰˣˡ
ãҰˡ
СߣˣָѪ
ʥɾżΟţֻо巢ǰⶼʲô⣬ȫһȺħ
û뵽ԼȻܻ̫ˡ
˾һֱɭ֮ߣȡѪһæһ¡
ڼ䣬ҲϵѪ壬嶼õǿʼ
׶ҪƾЩԸ˵
û취㲻ܲñ˹ɡҶӰ̯̯֣ʵ˸ãǵһһǵƿ֮С
ţеԭ롣
֮׶ˡ
ôʲôջ񣿡ҶӰѯʵ
ˣǱ׷ɱ˿¡׶һƨ˵ϣȻٻһСãԼ
ô£
ѪǺöȥץߣһ߶ץ˺üⲻŭһߴʲôһһߴս˼ٻغϣǶ֣ˣˡǾ͵ùˣʱҪȥϣ˶ûͱ׷ɱȻÿ춼׶ЩоԼҲǵùˣԵҲûŪʲôϢ
ҶӰ˶Ƕһˣ˾Ȼġ
ң̫ˡ
ǿǱӣԱĹ̫ˡ
أ
ʱ򿪿ڵоǰ˵Ϣǿ˺ܶ࣬Ϊǿ
ǻãÿ̫ˣҲݸѪ裬¶տһ£û¼˶̫û˼ûɶ˵ġƾʱȫûע⵽׶ﶼҪðˡ
һ֮
ƾ˵ˡ׶
ҡҶӰԭѾˣ˵Ѿڲ֮ء
֪ҹǵʱ򣬲˵Ҳͬ˵ô
Ȼû⣬˱ضҳģĻǸ㶮ġƾָֻĴ˴꣬⶯̫ϤˣҪôô
ƾԸ㣬ȷͬˣܱסҪƭң֪糤˭ʱ϶衣
İɣ糤Ǻҿǲ
ãһ㿿ҵ㣬ҰѶ㡣
ٺ٣ģҺô̩֮ɽ
˽һ׮˵Ľס
ƾջѪҩҺһƿֵǧྦྷ׬ˡ
һСʱ
ƾ֯һȺλϸ롣ҾӦͬ۹ãȡκһŵλãǶӦԷҲˣŵĸλ糤֮ʲôϵֶʶˣ󱲿Աȵġ
ƾɶ˼
ŲӦ÷ѣӦһ¶⡣
⡭
ʲôֻš
˼׶һ𣿡

ǰ˵ģ߸ˣ˽ˡ
ѵԣĻŻš
ȥĿô
ôоһȺںһˡ
ƾǰⲻһȺںһˣһںһȺˡ
оԼϾҪ̫粢硣


1702 ̫ˡ
ãͬ⡣ҶӰȿڣûʲôøУ֮ǰΪ㣬һӦüŮ˵ŵŮȴ硣
ûɶǸоôŵ
ԭ˶ӦˣֻܴӦ
Ǻãھ׶Ⱥ
á
˵ţһ½Ⱥˡ
λС
׶Ժžѡ
ǣǡ
׶ŴãȻѧԺ֮оңǹؼʱҪŽһµġ
һ¶⡣
λ˵̫ˣһŪСӡ
׶úõعһ
ѾMMPˣ˵ĵǺҪƾι˼ҲԣһȽĸټ͵ˣﻹ˦ҡ
ں˵ʲôŽһ£Ūء
Ҳǰҡ
Ůˡˡ׵硢羹Ȼнˣĩ೵ð
ˣλȥԺλø㣬ɶ絣θ糤
ð
ֺúõعһо̤ʵˡ
Ǽ
ԼԼ޳ܣ˵ĸоˬ
ţ㡣
˳ˣ㻹Ȼ֪
ֻôãƺ˿ЩˣǸоôڿƵġ
ëɡ
ţ˼ôΟߴ½ȡһЩô
ĿһֱͻƵ˲ླ磬ʥɾ磬Щצġ
УҲҪͻơ
һҪһȷͻƣԺпܺ⡣
Ŀһֱ񣬶Ҫ񵱳˵ˣʵй֮޲
ôȥҪ񣬿Եõ͵ˣζ볬ԽʵԿ֮ǰҲˡ
˽ߣȡѪ塣
ɭǴ󰡣˿ʮڹȥûнɭֵĺ򡣡Źվһ׸ߵĴϡ
ɶֵģǽٵΟߴ½ʱҼһ£Οߴ½ڹĳԭǳѧϽ˵磬ΨһĶɪֻռ˲ʮ֮һĶǱΟռˡ
ҾúǻǱȥˡƾ
Ϊʲôȥ϶иߵȼΟߣԼ챦
ô˵ʥΪȥ֮һΟ߻ãҪ˽ɶΟߣǲЪˡ
ѵɶΟһս
Ǻǡ
ƾ˵ı飬
һ仰˵ôôˡ
˼ڹ棬ջķᣬԭȻҵоϡ
ʥ۷ΟߣҲ׽Ѫ
˴˿Ϣɾʱ򣬺Ȼʲô
ãж
ҶӰȷ쳣óԼĳԶ
˹ʱ׼ȥ
ŵоǿϢԼɨǾҪǹƵģܲˬ
ƾҾ˵Ǽ룬Ƿǲκˣڱ˼Ҷˡ
׶ɵģЩͷԣ⼸첻ͦ˳ôôͻȻִͷĸо
ǸҸоɼϢҪǲУҾȳˡҶӰ룬ۻ˪͸ġ
һһ͵ɷҪˡ˼һ£ŵ
糤һռ䵯װãӦҲߡԭ롣
Ҿͨ󷨣Ͽߡ
ǸҲһӦͨɵ۾׶룬
ƾ˵Ļ˶ɵˡ
ԭҼ룬бֶΣûа
Ӱ
оܵһ˺˼ҵ糤͸糤ôİ
һȺ쵰ǵа
ʮ߽͡ǡʱһޱȷŭ
ֻУһΟָǣԣԵޱȷŭ۾Ҫðˡ
Ҳݣⲻǰץ˳ѪΟô˵ƾɵˣҲһ±ơ
ݼأΟ߽ɾܿԡƾһۣڳʱǲֻǵˣ֪
˵ӣȻҲǸո֪
˲ָоϵѹƣĺˬ
ǡߵȷɾҶӰʵ
⡭ãȻǰȷʵǽɾҿ·̫ˣȻƭҡ
ķ仡Щˡ
ڲŷӦԡ
˭ƭˣ϶ǲ˵ģǱŵģȻĪ˵ˣ˵ǲǺ˼
˼˼ǱŵģҲ̫С˰ɣ
̫СôֵͱѪ̫ˡźɫΟʮ߽Ȼš
ԱߣųΟߡ
֪ⶼǽɾΟߣһãҲǲ𰡡
ѵҪЪˣ


1703 Ҽ
ƾҲţȻˣʥɴһɣĺʤ㰡
ɶ˶İ취ûа
ţ취ˣҶӰ˶š
뷨֮еȻһ֮Զ
ҲҪʲô
ƾˣЩ԰
ţֻߺλͬѧλ̫ǿˣھͻȥ֡
˵ֱ֮͵ɷ˾Ͳˡ
޳ܰ޳ܡ
ƾߺܵô죬ȥ֣֪ôȥô
һȺΟҲ±ˣ֮еĳЩһ
Ǹһ£Ҳȸˡ
ҶӰ˵ţӰһ뵽˷֮Уವһ¾ͳ˳ȥٶȼֱ쵽˿ռļޡ
ʱһȺΟҲӦ˹
ץסǣ
ʮ߽ߺʱΟ߶
ҶӰķʵ̫죬صʱ̫࣬ס
λ
ʱʣµ׶ԭҲʼߡ
ô˾ûôˣԭĿռ䵯װûûóͱʮ߽һƴˡҲǣȷͨ󷨺ͻû뵽Οߵ۾ӵп챾һ߽һβͳѪȻβεزסˣǱǿһ
׶һǹ졣
ԵһԱĺϷ׳ҵĺܣΪˡʵڰ֮⣬ȴǹĳˣһãѪһԱ֮ǰûʲô
ʣ
ƾͷβ޶ԣȫһ̩Ȼӡ
Ϊʲôܣʮ߽Ŀƾ
ҾģΪʲôҪܣƾЦŵѵΪҺһôɵ棬Ȼҽ뵽ĸءʵǾģ͸ļ񡣡
ǣ񣿡ʮ߽±ˣҶ٣ƭҡ
ΪȻԹζ϶ûԹɡƾָָԭ㡣
ǵǣǰЩȷʵһʮ߽˵ͷƺĺζ
ͶˡƾЦЦǹһ·ǰģǽͻȻʶһ壬ôҪǹҿɵ𰡡
˵ţƾһüӡ
ʮ߽ϸ룬ƺһ
˿̣ոתԭſڲƾɵˡ
ܺģûôܺġ
ôһתۣͱʹߣǾˡ
ٵǣ˵˭ɵ档
ȥɣҪƾ룬˵
ãõġʮ߽˵ţܾùֵֹģƺﲻԡ
ƾʱŰ˰ѺţǰɣֶܵΣҲ޵С
ʲôʱֻҪסҵ죬Ҷܰѵ˸ƵĻ
Ǹ֪ôƺʮ߽룬ѯʵ
ôвգС¡ƾں
С֡ʮ߽޵Ҹһ£ǰʮ߽ˣλʮ˽ˣλʮŽǿˡ
֣֣ǿ֣һһᡣ
ߣҴȥ
ãõġ
ˣأָָԭ㡣
ɡƾڵ
ԭ޵ֱ˺˵Ĳ࣬ʱı˺͹Ĳ໹
һ𱻷²ģôѾܻˮΪô㡣
ƾ˻˵ʲôæֲһ䣺ˣǵˣ©˾Ͳóˡ
ԭﶼˡ
©˾Ͳóˣǵô
ȥ·ϣƾƾ粻֮࣬ñŰɵһȺΟߣ˿̶ҪΪֵˡ
Сֵܣǰˡ
ܼˣҵңλȥɡ
ߣǻʲô
ƾλͽ뵽֮С
˿̵棬һǧ׵ĴߣЩҲʥɾˡ
ڹ룬ȼܻ棬濾һ϶ֵ顣
ƾһ֪ԼǽѣҪһã϶Ҫŵϸˡ
ܿ죬ע⵽һһ˫ɫ˫Ĵߣ׳ˣ쿪Ҫʮ׳
𾴵ˣ˫̫Ưˣֱߵİһ
ƾ˹ȥ˵
ڳİ˿̲һⱻƾĲ׽ˡ
ǡ
ԶĿˡ
ˣסƺ˼Լɶʱˡ
ǵģ¼ݷġƾæֵû뵽֮еĻҪ񿥣˫̫ˣҼֱ֮лôƯ˫
˵̫ˣ̲סƺܸˣ⡣
лƾ֪Լǹ˵һء
ţֻ˴Ӽȡһһֶŵƾǰ鶼кʮˡ
ƾűˣˡ
ǲԲУܳԵôһ⡣
Сֵܣ͵͵

㻹ǵһ塣
ȥļٵġƾԼɵˣѵΪҸոտ˫Ư
֪
˵ǵ˫ǺڵģΪʲôǰɫģƾѯʵһЩˡ
Ⱦġ˵
ȾȾġƾˣúõغɫ˫ΪɶȾ˰ɫ
һһǰһǺʵϣʼŽкֻλ˫Ⱦ˰ɫôͽаλ˺
ȥô¡
ƾ˿˫Ц⾹ȻȾġ
λ˫ɫ˫Ӧ֮ȥ裬Ϳɫ˫ƯƺһӰ費ˡ
˵ƾһ仰߽˰ð࿴
ôô԰ԣ᲻ᱻԼ󲻾
ƴĳڣѳԵҪ
ҲԣЩﶮʲôǳգ֪ûͲˡ
ôˣθڣƾѯʵ
ȷʵЩθڡƾ˼һ£ǿ˵ٻֻ˵ǳóԣҪһص⣬ǻɱ
˵ʲôʱһλ߽ˣһɿֲѹƾѹȻﵽ˽ɶ
ֻʵʵʵûгԹĿ⡣ƾ룬ȥˡ
Ŀ⣿
ǵġ
üͷǰץ˼ĳӣЩ˵Ҳզء

Ȼᡣƾ룬ôʱѾΪһվտĳʦ⡣
أ
Ǹ˴磬Ǹ²ƾָָԭ
Сֵܣ͸Եôɵۣ㲻״ˡ
һʱһʱˣʵǳʦʣµǸԵģǸþˡƾڵסˣôתԭҲˡ
ԭͷ֮һСܵƾߣжޱȡ
ƾȥ֮ҵʵңá
˵ġ
Ȼ
֮ô
ģҲѡ޹յģӵоżĳʦ֤
Ҿ֪ҩģûвġ
ô
ԭʼ⡣
׼ĵϵͦȫģȱٵĵϣҲܴҵĶ
ãһصĴ飬һ£¶˾ȵ顣
ζû
ԭʱ֪Լǻˡ
Ȼûѧ㶼ˣҲѡ޹հ
أ
ġ
Ȼö˵Ŀ⣬ԭŻˣǰһȺߴүźˡ
С˵ģ
ҵʦһλ񣬲ȻΪܵ

Ц
˵
ãҼƣʵһ׮⡭
ƣ
ѽе㲻ʤѽˣˣ
˵ţƾϡ
һȺ߶Ц
תѾ֮ƾ֮еǹĺ⡣
Ȼûôúƣڻô
Сֵܡ
ֵܡ
һ棬ֵһ㡣
ߣˣȥò˵ǸϺʱˡ

ƾһôһ֣͸оǱһ
ȥ֪ˡ
úúá
ƾҲܼǺ˰û׿
ȼһҪúõٹһ
ڲʲôģѾҪˡ
ԣͲҪˣ˭Ҫ˭Ҫ
һ·ҲǴûˣʱƾһɽΧĵطɽ棬һߡ
УĿɽ֮еһط˵һù


1704 ҵ˸ܵ
ƾűɽ壬˰ǰ
ҫ£Ưˣֱеһʹһƾ֪ܵĹ
Ҿϲôʵˡ˲ѣǿ֪ʲô
ƾĻһȺɽм俴˹ȥ
ֻһǧ׸ߵĴҶӺϡһЩơô棬ȻʮöһֱĴӣÿһӺͮͮģһ
ƾŵ
һһһ죬ÿιʵһöһֻ꣬вʮö˵ǵһֻһСߵʱǻԵɺϳһöſǡ
öƾţˮˣû뵽ʱ뵽ң̫ˡҸжţء
ðɣƾԼ˼ᡣ
ʱЩ±ƵĿжʲô
㲻Ҫһöô
㣿ƾƾһۣˣһнʮλλ󽫾ÿҪöҪһöǶö
ʮˡ
ԣͶʮˣĺܶԡ
ǲǻʣ¡
ʣµľöҵġ
⻰ƾġ
ǿٰ
ʲô
ȻôҲ󣬵Ҳʤޡôʵǿ࣬ޱȣÿγԶʣ㿴ûа취˵š
ðɣƾˡ
ԭǸкöŷһݣȻҰ취
ţҲŪ㣬ҾͲƾ
˳ΧĴҲһͷһɽƵģŵһ顣
ŪһȺߣҲֳܱȻԼܱй
Сֵܣа취Ļʱһˣ³ĺ˿ܾ͸ˡ
ˣ
ƾűˣİҵ˰
ǳԹ⣬ҳԺˡ
С
Ÿʲôûа취һ߽ڵԵЩ͡
Уôûа취ƾ룬֪һЩ϶ڸǿζҪʲôϲڸסĿζҪȥһ
ܾͺãȥժʮöǻȥá˵
ʱһǧ׳Ĵժ˶ʮö
Ҳͻʣʮö
ߣȥ
ȥ
һȺ߿񱼶أƾЮţôֱЮֵĸо
ҲûôúƣҪôһǵĿš
֮Уʮöڵ룬ƾһʱ亰ԭ
ƾҸʲô
ԭ㾫ͨҩûܶǿߵҩ
ƾȫǴƴˡ
ɾΟ߶ˣҪһѶˣʱܰʣµС
ҲݣҪʲô
ԭˣôһԲϾҪôġ
죬ҵ˸ܵ裬ҪҪЩȫôô
㻹˸񡭡
ⲻصòã㵽ûĶҩǱ߰ڷŵĴôǿǺö꿪죬ֱĸһˣԹô
ûԹ
£ҾʣǼڣһȺɼĴߣһҪһɺ޵ʮö⹷ƨȻû͸һöˡ˵㣬
ΪʲôҪֻĳӡ
ǳϢӣǸǿ綪ˣҲص㣬Ͼ㶪ˣҲǶˣûһëǮĹϵôΪܿ࣬ʣǸȥζ˵ʱҪͶЩ߸һѶˣʲôоصѧԺҸо㹻Ǵһǧꡣ
Ҫǳɹˣһǧ궼ֹҪǲɹǾˡ
ĶСģʲô˵ûĶҩɣ
һֻ֣ϿԶǿߣҲǶýǿ德Σ޷
͹ˡ
ǣҪôɣ
죬ҶǺ㳶ô
ãƴˡ
˽ŸȥζĿŵĸעȥһﶾҩ
ǳŹʲôѯʵ
ũҩƾڵ
ũҩ
ţһرζĵϣũҩڸǿζҿһзա
ŶҵǸ㣬Ҳ¿࣬ͦյġ
ףס
ƾ˵ţԭֳһöݺݵעԼʮﶾҩ
ô
İɣɫζһڸǿζζ棬Ʒˡ
ɵƯ
ƾޣȻؾصĺԭ˵һߡ
λ߽ðɡ
𣡺𣡺𣡡
һȺǺţֱԼ
һһö͵һŵĲ󣬿ֱӾҧ˰
ƾһԿ۲ѣĵرͱȺ̣ˡ
ƾҸոոעﶾҩʱ˳һ⡣ԭʱ
ʲô⣿
ĳɷ֣ҷһر˵飬ӪɷΟѪҺֿǿӣȫһֶֿǿӸӴ⣬ЧãӦǿӵĳ
ܲ˵ļ򵥵㣬˵Ҫǳһöô
̼ǵ壬ʹǿΟѪЧá
ģ
ҸоΟѪĻܰǵǿһ۷壬ӸϴٽӦÿܴﵽĳ̶ȡ
ȥҪǻûнΪȴӵ˶壬Ժͽɶǿһսˡ
࣬뱣ûģϾûֶΣһλſӵС
˴˿̶۾ѩоѵѾǳ
壡
ˣ
˼ͬʱ˵ȫ뵽һ
ԭҸɾͲˣϾ⡣
ҵﶾҩ
ɴǶöö
Ҫ嵽ĽپҪö
ǲá
Ǻǣһöأ˵һҪһоҪƳһҩ֪ʲôô
֪ǮöǮʱͷˡ
ܲΰһ㡣
ãҿԸöƾ˼һ£ôּۻˣҪң㻹߿ߵˮء
⡭
˵ԭ޻˵
ǽȥ㣬߿ߵˮ棬̫ˡ
ãƾ˳
öö
һһҪо˿ǿҩҪɵ档
ôȥоĶžҪɡ
ǲǻô
㻹Ұ׸ɣҧҧһɡ
һɣ򷢽лأɡ
ɾɣɽ
˵ţԺоҩô䶼ˡ
ǶоԼҪ۷ˡ
Ͷʮλȥˣһܵӡ
԰ɣϾͳǡ
ƾ񶾵ţֻǹһСʱˣ˲ԡ
ȥЩߴүôƨ¶ûС
ԭ˵һЦûУһɱһƿũҩ˺ƨûУһũҩƿ棬Ȼӡһƿ
ƾʵЦ
ԭһ˵ȫûƾ۾
ǺǣҵĻôʲôﶾҩˣǼҩ
ƾԻңǲܻҵҩ
ҽһ£ȺߴүΪɶƨûУһģҿûбҪˣҩƭӡ
˵ƭӣҪƴˡ
ԭо˸ܵ裬ȫˣֱӺƾŤһ顣
һȺǶɵˣ
ɾʱ򣬺Ȼһǧ׳Ĵ߳˹
С
һƾԭȫ
Ǹȴŭβһ˦նըˡ
ƾʱĵؿˣѯʺ֪ʲô飬ԭɪľǧҪ潨һǳء
ǣ˰
ֲãҪߡ

Ū
ãλһһҪɪһݺݵؽѵ
һҪֱ졣
Щ߽ǣ˿ҲǽţΟսʿҲѸټ
СֵǡʱȻ뵽ƾڵ
ȥӻƾŰҪߣˣЩɼΟ߶ˣﻹ£ʱЩȫ֮
ⱴ˵ãһӾ˰
ôһţǿսʿǡ
õģ
˵ţĵؿƾ˷ܵĶ̫ˣʱ򻹴ǣʲôΰ
ƾǺˣаڵ˰ɡ
ԣߡ


1705 
ŰƾԭǱѺսһ
Ҳΰⶼʲô顣
߹ľƬ㵹һǧ׳׳Ĵɭ棬бʲô龰
˼ڣ߱ڡ
ƾڲԭԼԭƭˣﶾҩ϶ɽկ
ԭҲƾҲǺܰġ
ѧԺ֮УǳˣÿרҵسѧԼרҵܰ
֮ս
һȺڿУŶɪľӴøһ
ɪ쵰
ûƨ۵ļһҳ
ôеҵأеӳ
ܴγһضණɪսʿͷһƬ
ʱ򣬴ӾӺ󷽷ɳһӰжʮ׵Ķɪ
ЩϢǿǶɪϢȻﵽ˽
ŮŮˣ
ƾʱȴˣΪʱŷֶɪȻǸŮˡ
Ůɡ
ԭҲǲţ춼˵
ҵҪĵط棬Οռ½ųɵĵطԣϣܸøһطٽһǳءɪ˵ţҲʵ
ɪľУʵѾΪ
ɪҪĵطǳأϢ
ҵĵطǾҵĵطÿһضҵģҪ㿴Ҹ㡣ߺߵô㲻Ҫ֪½˭ϴ󡣡
Ȼˣˡɪ˼һ£˻ֱ֣ӳǰƽ
ǣǡҲһ
ƾѾˣͿôҪڸʲôô
꣬Ҳ̫Ϸ˰ɡ
СֵܣԼԼ˵
ˣİɣһԼչ˺Լġƾ˵ţѾʮ顣
սˣƾȻġ
ֻôߣΧһȺΟ߿޷
λֵܣöҵĻ
У
ͷ֪ɶ˼
ܲ˵˻
У
Ǻǡ
ƾ˷ۣǶߵô
սһСʱ֮󣬵Ѿʼֲʬ塣
սԽԽҡ
ƾ׼ˣʱһ˴СģΣգ
˵ţȻŵ˱ˣһӾͰѵΧصΟսʿ
ԭһֱƾԷ޳ܵķѵصΟսʿҲųȥ
˽Ҳ㡣
һǰһ˱ˣñ˶±ˡ
ںܺðôΣ
뵽ƾԭģǸжѣǺֵܡ
ֻƾճһɪʥɼսʿֻ΢һ͵ɳȥ˼
ǿҲǶ֡
˵ţһѪ˳ֱֱĶ絽˱˵ϡ
һӸж
ƾΪ˾ȻѪˡ
ԭ˿ٴˢԼƾ֪˵һô޳ܵز
ѽҲǶ֡
˵ţһɪԪɼսʿҲɳȥʮ֮Զ
棬˶±ˡ
һʥɼԪɼĶ֣ɪսʿôǿ
ƾųѪԭҲǾþ
˰ݵ̫ˡ
սֺܻңҲûЩˡ
˳ɹذ˿أ뿪սɾʱһҽд
ֻ֮УͻȻˣ˷ƵģɪһУƬһƬ
ȥɶ
ƾ㲻ˣΪʲô㡣
ǶɪҲסˣͻһУеаš
ЧˣҵﶾҩЧˡԭʱǾϲ֣ˣЩǸѪﲻ˵һĿԣҵﶾҩǵ壬һʱ䲢ûЧǲսѪתﶾҩתǵȫʱԽʼӳˡ
ȥǵġƾˣֹ߽Ҳ΢德ж󰡡
Ҿ˵ôҵҩǼٻҲûйڡԭߺߵ
ðɣǼٵľͲǼٵġƾƲƲ죬ȫ㲻ԭôƢǸϽߣǿǰѰӲˣǱӦǾ군ˡ
ߣߡԭҲ뵽磬ǿƺһս֮ʱͶɪˣȰ׸ˡ
˵ţѸٵ뿪ս
ȥģ
Ȼȥժʱȥʱ
ƾ붼˵ʣµʮöŪܸġ
ԭ˼һ£˵ͷ
ɾʱһơƾ
ƾһ飬ȥǸӰϤˡ


1706 ӵ飬Ҳ
ݿɣɪĹս
ԭݿɣޱȡ
ǰݿȻЩ㲣̫ƯˣڵҲ򼶱Ů
ް
ԭһ˲Բһ£϶ƾʼ˼ңڱ˼ˡ
˵ŮӶˣҪһеĺϷ
飡
ƾ˵ʲô͸оƨϰһţһˤһʺ
Լ±ˣͷһŭԭȫ㲻ô£ûʲô

ԭ˵ţݺݵصһƾ
ǸԼ˳ȥ˹ˣȻݿɡ
ɵˣΪͷôң˽
׼
ݿɿŷɳȥ˦˼ͷԭ˵
ǲ׼
˵ĺ棬ڿЦ
ƺԭٸҴƾܺԭƴ
ãӵ飬Ҳˡԭ˵Աߵһ׮ϣоܵһ˺
Ǹ
ƾݿɣ鸴ӡ
˿̣֪ôˣ˵ֻһƭӣǵݿɴԭʱôĶĸо
ԣġ
ƭûиģûĶ
ƾҴˣ߰ɣҴȥĸϡݿ˵ţЩߺ졣
ĸϣǲǼҳ
ƾоЩܲˣû׼˵ƭӣǺ֮񰡡
ĸϣʲôЦ
Сƾܸɴľܾݿɡ
㻹ںң
ƾ˾ݿĲѡ
ΪƾԭƾôϲֻһֿƾġһǺԥͱƾؿڣǵƾҲһ̣ƾ⡣
ûжԼͼı죬ϲԼ
ǰܿĶ
ҪǾһ㣬Ǿ͵ǰɡһ£ҵ·ƾҪ뿪ڼȥȡҪȥˣȰȥ߰ɱϢȥﻹķݡ
Ȼںҡݿɿˣûʱ˿ôԭһԭԼԭ¶ԷҪѰٱԼϲԭԼҪ򱶡
ƾ滨ݿɣҲЩ޴롣
ƭô˿һֻԿƭݿüЦȴĬˡ
ΪʲôҪң
ݿһ󵨵ľٶȥסƾ
ڻƾûκεķǷ֮룬ֻЩ
ȥˡԭĿɿڴֻһ뷨ƾѵˣһҵһ򼶱Ůǵ
˼ʰ
ɱġ
ƾʧ˼ӣȻȻƿݿɡ
ŮˣҪʲô
ţԵЩҡ
һˡ
û̸Ҳûϲκˡһ˵ˣҲϰ˵ݿɵĽʱͻĿģҲһֱֻһƭӣһƣƭݿɣʤߡǵոݿɱסʱͻȻƺ鲢ƭƺֻԼ
ƾ
ݿɵڷ֪Լƾ˶Ⱳ顣
עһû뵽ȴֽ
ɵŮˣѵ㻹ûôƭģȫƭġûôÿ糿ȥ簲Ҳûôĸ㽲£㿴ӰƬȫΪ˽ӽ㣬Ū鱨ΪԼҴˣʵҲƭģ׼ܿҪû˵ҡƾĮ˵š
ƭ֣һƭ֡
Ϊϲ㣬ˡ
Ҳϲ㣬ҲϲκˣɵŮˡ
˵ţƾԶȥɭ֮УݿɵֻһӰ
ݿɶͷʹ
ԭôоЩ±ƣʲô
ƾһﲻǷ˰ɣô˵ôصĻһǶһŮһ硣
װװ
ԭЦˣˡ
ƾ֮˵ôصĻƶһݿɣֻһֿܣԼˡ
ʲô棬ˡ

ԭԽ룬ԽǾԼ¶ˣú˼
ˡ
ԭߵݿߣԼӦðһݿɡ
Ҳһƾ
Ͼͬѧôôġ
᲻ƾ˭֪ôզզء
ֽ
ԭ˵ţݸݿһֽʵǲϲ㣬ǲϲ㡣
ݿһ̧ͷԭ
ƺʲô˼
ƾһйµˣѧԺ츳õģҲʦǺԺϲģȴóαװһܾԼƭˣԼǺ֮񣬿֪һǣƭˣҲƭԼ
ԭ˵ţҲƾ֪
Ҷ˽⣬һܺƵϲЦտ֮ǰӣءûô֪ζʲô˵ٺ㣬һֲΡԣǶ㶯ĸ飬Ż˲֪룬Щҡ
ݿɵľЩô
ϲ㣬ôϲԭ˵ţȻҲҪɭֵķȥ
ԼݼҲܲ
һ޵滨СԼ˵һһ㶵ġ
ƾһ֮ԭ룬Цݿɣһ֤˵ġ㿴һսϵİ߽ǣǵĶܳٻѾĸǵĶ֡ʵڿ϶ĸ϶׷ʲôҿԸ㣬һȫƾġ֪ǶɪĹ֪ǶɪҪͰսԾǱ˰ߣԼĶʮλﶾҩ
ݿסֱš
ǲǺţʵǰԭ̾һЩĽӣȻųƾ׷˹ȥ
Ҫٲ׷ȥҪƾˡ
ݿɣԭ뿪֮ȥսȻԭ˵
Ķʮλ߽Ѿ·磬ʱԵ޹ʵģ޷
ʱϲֻһ뷨
ƾϲģոնԼ˵ЩΪ֮֮жѡ
ԽԽƾ
ˣֻ΢ݵݿɣ˿Ѿˡ
һÿ꺮ůΪյأԼ˵ˣĸŮ˲ݡ
ԭ׷һ·ƾǰԼһﾹȻûԼȥȡ
ôڲŹ
ƾԭöԷЩԾ
ԭһȴҺƾֱ˵ڨڨӣ˳ȥһ
ƾƭأҶʥɣӡ
ԭ˵Ҳʡ
Ҫ֪ԭƺԭƴĶˡ
һ·񱼣Сʱͻص
˿̵ߣûʣ¼ˡ
ƾԭҲ̫ĵǱǸɽȡ
ĿǰʥɼΟսʿء
һһ
ס
ԭ˵ͷȻͬʱȥ
ʥɼΟΪǺܸߣߵҲֻ൱ʥѣ˵Ķ֡
˻͵ϮֱӾͰΟ߸Ū˹ȥ
ٺ٣ӵˡ
ƾԭһЦ
֮ǰõģҾŸ
ðɣðɡ
ƾͷ˵š
ĥ̴ССĶժսС
æһУƾԭ
ܽ϶ҲǲҪܰڵѧԺͺˡ
ʱǱˣȻһ޷ȷĳɷֺأͲһطֲġóȻİˣ˵ֲֲܲˣܲܽôصҲ˵ԭӺרҵĽǶȷһ£ڹʵǲֵá
ףо仰ô˵ţΪ٣ڻΪסôɻصѧԺ֮󣬿ѧԺʦоһ£ʱǿԣôֲѧԺȥΪáҸоҪ̣ˡƾ˵
˾һۣŪ
½ҲѾȫˣԻѧԺˡԭ룬һγҲһʱˣڰԺҪҲˡ
ȥ
ƾҡҡͷУǻȥֻǻ񣬾ǿһһٷ֣Ҳʮּ񡣲һЩ飬õʮ֣һٷ֣Իøӷ֡
ʲô
ԭܸоƾʲôƻֵսľĸо
Ͼƾϰ߸飬ÿ鶼Ƿ˼κ˿һ
Ҵȥ˰ѡ
ƾһ˵ƣðˡ
ԭ￴ƾõģ¶Ȼıһˡ
һȻڵĿ¡
Ϊƾ޺֪ôġ
ɲɣ
ƾԭҪǲȥԼȥҪȥˣĶԷָɡ
Ҫ塣
ԭ룬׻˵ĶСģƾôԾؾôˡ
˭壿
ƾڵ
Ȼ壡ԭ޺޵
㲻壬ǶƾЦãھȥһģҪǳɹˣʮּܼ϶ʮ֣ʮֵá
еһ·뿪ɽȣǱȥ


1707 ƴһܳ
ɭϣǱȺ֪˵⣬϶һϣ˸ˡ
һ·ȥת۾͵ſڡ
ƾſڿصߣ֪Χɭ֮лǧսʿ
ô죿
ԭüͷֱӽô׵ġ
ȥ
ЦˣôôΟսʿĶ֡
衣
ƾ˵ţҲˣվȥ
ԭһɫˡ
ȥôֱ߹ȥⲻô
ؼҲҰ
ƾѾ¶ˣҲزȥֻøȥ
վס
λصΟսʿסƾ˵ģϴαһȺ˳Ѫ֮ŵĻ˵Ǹ
ƾǵñ˽϶Ҷϲ
ʵλߣʵߣһֶ
ּ棬ǺԵ֡
ƾŶԷ¶һʮֺͰЦݣ֣㲻ʶˣĿ˰
ԷƾĻ޺޵ôʶ㣬ϴγҵѪҲзݣҳࡣ
ƾΣ۲Ҫڹȥôܲǰˡ
֣ôôǳôֻǳѪˡ㿴㱻Ѫ֮󣬷ְнΪ˵øҪмҡ˵ˣȻ㶼˵ˣϾͰΪ߽Ҹо˵Ҫ͸һöƾ˵ţע⵽λ۾Ȼһ
Ϊ߽ߣɲһΟߡ
ģ
ѯʵڸǵٺãƾҲܿĵļ
ǵȻҿߵĺˣÿַʳ׼ģⶼ׿˵ġΪĽ˵ҪЯһСܡƾƺЩĽ˵š
ĳΪĽʱѪͲ׷ˡ˰죬˵
ƾˣѾĻСĺܡ
ڲǺ߽ʱ
֣Ҫʤȹ׼磬㿴ƾָָſڣ˼ԲˣҽȥɣҽȥǸ׼磬͵ġ
˼һ£ģôսнˣ
ǵȻǶɪǶ֣仨ˮڴŲһ·ƣ޵Сôѵʵƾʵѡû뵽ôûģѡˡ
ƨȻ˵ʵԭ⣬˵˲ţԺҪҪˡ
ǲͺˣϾҪʤһ׼硣㿴ҿԽȥ˰ɣ
˵κ˺߶ܽ
Ҳ˵ôһ׼ģⲻǾ˵ϸúú룬ǲ
񡭡ǵġ
ҽȥˡ
š
˵ͷƺڸ㶮߼
ƾԭһ·Ȼֱı⣬ͣٵġ
ˣҪˡ
ƾܼԭҲһ
ſھһʯͷţȫûķֶΡ
ƿʯͷȻͿһ޴Ŀռ䣬ռҵİڷĶ
ȥôˡ
ƾǽǵһѶǾȻǧöĹˡ
ϻһֹˣ͸ǵġ
ˣˣ˶ǿҲЧģĥɷۼӹһ£ҲϴǮ
Ҳֲһ¡
ƾʲô˵һһġ
˼ˣˡ
ˣƾɡ
ųһ£
óһԭݺݿһ£Ҳ̲ơ

׬ˣ㳯Ǳ߿ȥЩʮÿһڼ׵ĻٷڼףһױԴڼףǶǮ
ˡ
һһת۾͹Ϸˡ
ԭʱûзӦƾָɣȫǵ͵ȼġ
Ǹɣƾһʱͷˡ
أЩʯͷ
ֲϲôĶʲô
ƾһЩʯͷָûʲôֵʱ²
߻
ҲɶöȻˣ˰ɡ
ߵӦǲʯͲྦྷˣȻֻôһ㡣

ѹһıⶼˡ
õĶӦþЩɺˣʤޡ
Ͻ߰ɡ
š
˾Ҫ뿪ɾʱ򣬴ز
ֻһʮ׵֮Уǰ˭
Ҫκ˽
սʿǸǵսľġ
ƾԭڱ֮У˿Ѿ亹乡
Ȼûˡ
ؼǻˣҲ̫ʱˣð˸档
զ졣
Ҫǳȥ϶һھͰ˸ˡ
أ
ֵ˺ؿ˹ȥ
ֻڵϣһ㣬ڴŶ¡
ҵﶾҩЧ֮С
ܶ
ǿɾ군ˡ
ڰӦù˲ǣȻ϶ͷˡ
ˣʱĹȥת۾Сʱ
ǿŰһ彩ӲˣһֵȻصȥҲϰ¡
ӦŶԭ룬˵
Ŷƾһ飬ʲô˼ǵѶȫˣǲ͵ˡ
ҲɢȳɢжʱҪߣʱʱǴǸʱ䣬ľҪˡԭ
жƾ۾һʱô᲻᳹ʧȥ֮Ķֶǡ
ʲôԭֵĿƾѵˡ
ʲôЦֻʥɾżжˣҲǽ
Խ˶ٸ磬Ҳûİɡ
ȫǱ˵ģһѪֵ֪ٲྦྷôƾͷǻڷڵ壬ˮˡ
ʥɼΟѪܰǵǿӽһǿȣýΟѪҪʹǿ塣
Ͼҽ壬ҪѵʱҪꡣ
ѪҲ̡
ֱǷˡ
ԭ巢ڲ
ܹߵȽģ鲻˵аٷ֮һٵİգҲҪаٷ֮ʮСƾÿһ飬Ҳаٷ֮ʮĳɹܡأƾ޷˵ĸˣƺֻҪһɵĿܣƴһƴ
ԭҺĲ˵׻һѧңһ۲۵ߡƾԭ˵ţԿѧĽǶȿϵ⣬ҲһֻƴʮɵĿҪƴɵĿҪƴһɵĿҪƴûпҲҪƴһܳ
˵ƾЩء
һоƴġ
ȻδӵǸֻB츳ͨѧΪѧԺٮٮߣ


1708 
ƴҴһδ
ñĽ֣Ȼǿ糤յĲƸҲκһ糤ԱȵģĽΪʵȣǲĲһ㡣
ҲƴƴԼһƴ
ÿһǿܶǶԼС
ƾҲһƤЦģųʲô֮ʵǶԼϡ
ҲȥƴֻΪԼӮһδȻƾʲôΪô졣
ʲôƴƴʵ޵Դ棬ôԼøԴ
㲻һУΪ׵ĲЩѧķ
ƴ
ѧԺҪƴҪѧԺҲҪƴҲҪ
ԣƾܴᡣ
ðɣðɣ˵еҾ⻹̫ˡҲ˵Ҳ˼һҺһϣҿƲԣɲ㡣֪ģҵĿռ䵯װûûãĸʱĶࡣԭ
Щмƾ޳ܣȴƾ
һΣͬѧԼƾͣƾƴһѡ
ζû̸ô䡣
ڵȴţڹľ֮еͻھĶԼ¶ʱǾͻһϣһ
ݼţҿʱᵽ
һϣԭרҵġ
ﶾҩʲôʱʱ
˿ķģϸ壬ʶ϶ʹãȻ϶ᱻ۾ıжȻжЩȴյġ
ֹȥСʱˣĶûô
żһ㡣
ԭ۾͸Ѫ⣬ƺܿĶ
һСʱֹȥˡ
ƾŵѾǺˣֻ֡
ɾʱԭһʱϣ
ƾͻһ㵯ȥһ˵ĵߴ֮ȥνߴߴ磬ҲߣߴλãҲҪҪˡ
ȻΪж۵Ťѡ
ʱҲоΣգֻȫãҲǿŤͷƾǾ˵һԼ¡
䣡
촫ӹ̣ôױٵġˣҲһݺݵؿɽ֮УҵĲҽУǱǿһ
ƾԭҲһնԴϣüһѪӡ
һһȥ֮󣬶ʱԼˡ
Ƥʵ̫ˣ͵ϮɹҲûжʲô˺
ĻҪӲʵѾǶ壬ǽӽǿȡ
ʲô壬һҲǿȡ
壬һױԴƿ
˲аһһҿѰϿĶһϸСѪںͰӡǶһʮ׳ʲôȫһ㡣
ˣˡ
ԭ˵ϣ͵ش˼Ȼó鲻ྦྷʼָ
ƾҲһˡ
õģʵڲпᣬûж԰ʲô˺
ҲˣƤҲ̫ˡ
ƾԭԱߣãȴж
ԭ˵ͷԼﶾҩеġ
ǽô죬ڳûߣʱƾ粻֮࣬Ⱥ߸ˣӦÿӵ
УǸոսʱ˵Ǹ׼磬˵˰ʤ˻Щ߾ɵҲ֪ƭǵġոҪԼ˵˲κ߽Щսʿ϶Ҫץˡ
ԭ˵ͷȻǲͲ
һʱ䣬˳Ĭ֮С
ԭȻûʲôð취¼ҪҪԼˣҲƾˡ
ˡ
ƾԭȥƾ˷֮ɫ
ԭԿ϶һһ˲õİ취
ǲʲôӣ˵
ٺ٣ҪŶôȻɱŲ겻ͺˣʱ󡣡
ʲô˼
ԭôоƾЦôа
˼Ǽע䶾ҩжԽԽﶾҩģʲô͵ģȫŪкϡţô졣Ҳô඾ҩһʲô仯ܰҲ˵
⡭
ԭһ飬Ķƾݷˡ
ô뷨ôģѧԺ̵ţȻһûѧᰡ
ʲôע䶾ҩ
ãõġ
ԭ˵ţóʮٽĶҩȻһʮͲݺݵسһӡ
ܶ˳ӣСϣվŲҲûа취
ôôˣﺦ
ƾֱİק˳ȻͲһϵѪڣҪҩ
Ƕҩע䲻ȥʵ̫ˣ󻹰ͷ档
ƾⲻǿô
òֿһѪڣҲͬʮĶҩҲǿעȥʮ֮һ
˼һ£ƾߵǰ
˻࿴ţȻᶯ֮еĺⶼ컯ɻˡ
ƾһҲ£û뵽Ҳн죬ҸҸȥĿζΪһСϣڷܰˣԸûаշأҵ
֮ЩмָһҪһƾ
ߺȣ㻹вңΪûа취ע䶾ҺˣĺġƾԭⶾҺעȥЧǲһģ
ǵģֻҪܽ壬Ȼͻ뵽֮֯С
ƾ˵ͷǾͺãԣſ졣ҩˡ
ƾץ죬볯עҩȻȫ۲
Щֳ۾룬жˣǻıպ۾Ο߻ͨߣƤģؼƤҲǼӲޱȣͷҲͱȥ
ƾҪӱӣ
ôעȥ٣١
˵ţƾβͣԭѾ뵽ʲô̲סŤͷǲ̫ˡ
ţǱһҽС
ˣԼβͿȥƾ
ǿˡ
˿̸оһױȵУǸôܶ顣
ƾȻûнԼΪһܽһܵĶҩľջע塣
ԭ˼һ£֮໹óԼݺݵһٶƬ
ҿ϶ȥҪǷѧԺ̳ϣ䶯


1709 ѪЭ
ƾ֪ԭ뷨ǰѼٽĶҩע䵽֮С
ֻһʱɫģЩҩҲ֪֮ڲʲô仯ıҲһЦĲҪҪģһɫᶼˡ
ԭһָд
жҩô
ƾѯʵܾЩҩϾʮﳤһ㶾ҩƺеˡ
ûˡ
ԭҡҡͷֲרŸ¶ģ㶾ҩ㲻ˣҲƾ뷨ǵİɣﶾҩɲһĶҩӦҲ˵һЩĶҩ˾ڷǸҪ򱶡ԱôҲ԰ˡ
ţȥ͸Ҽ֡
֣
ԭһֶϡѾ浱Ǵײô֣ǧ˾ͲˡȻˣƾҪǴĻǲô࣬Ҫ붼Ҫ룬ҲǴ˰
ϸһ£ЩҩӦûǶϾܳΪɵĴߣͨ˲ͬˡܸ¶ĶҩôǻҪ취硭ƾ˵ͣһ£ҲûаϣȫŵЩҩϡ

ԭʱ۾һƾ˼
ǸɲԿԣϾѾǽһߣĻһȷɷսͿͨ޽һս֮ǰҲ˵ǸսһȻˣҲܿһս֮ġ
ʱҲֻ뵽
뵽ˡƾôҪǹľЩջҪۿۣһƶҪڲˣһ棬ɣ׵İ취
ھϵԭҵǾͰȫˡ
ƾԭϧĺܡ
ƾʱȴס¶һЦݣҪڰ֮ǰ󻯡
ʲô˼
ԭƾ¶аЦݣôоЩ}ûš
һ϶ʲôˣһġ
ҪһٶΟߴ½Ժĸ֡
ƾʮִ˵һ̵ƾɢװƵϢԭŻ¡
붨Οߴ½Ժĸ֣㵱Լ˭ء
ɡ
ô㲻ңƾߺߵˣ˭ҲǹѹҲˣ㿴ôģңɼ棬˵ҲҪøBε񣬱ҲѾﵽ˰ʮ֣Ǳ΢Ŭһ£Ӧÿø֡ôټҽһĲǿõһٷֵĸӷ֡
ԭƾ˶ˡ
ţİɡ
һٷ֣㻹õһٷֵĸӷ֣㵱˭ء
ҲҴţɡ
ƾҲԭŲţһ·ߵ˰ǰ˴ӵСӣһЩ⣬һˡ
ʽҽһ£ҾƾȻĺƣӵľȻˣЩص㣬СҲû⡣ƾ˵ţȫǲм
ʱǺܽһϵ֣֪
ƾνܻû׼ȷ֪ҵҺ򵥵˵һ£ǿ֮УϵһѧԺ֮ΪѧԺǵԺ쵽Ƭ½żУԾһ˹̽һǴ½ĿǰĻ½Ѿָơò˵½ǺмֵΟһ塣ǵѪҺǿֱӾǵΪ壬ҾþԺ֪֮Ҳᶯݡ
üͷȻЩƾĻ
ƾЦЦ֪㲻ţⶼûйϵҼѻ˵ꡣǰһȥԺ϶Ὺ½ʱߵȽ׵ΟߣѪģʱ˵ֱɱˣҲҪԶ
мĿƾƾţ
ָΪ˭Ķ֡
֪нΪ΢ĩΪҲ½ϳưԣ뿪½˲֪ж١ѧԺˣԺܴããռҵ½ûǡ˵ֱӵģԺǸճ֣һָܰ½ϡã㵽ʱһ㷴֮ûУֻܹԹ㿴ϣԺ㣬γˡ
ƾʮֲм˵ţʵ˼Ū
ʵӦøлңΪҽҪ˵Ļһ塣ƾʼˣ˵ĶΟߴ½֣ѧԺΟһ壬׼ȷ˵ǩһЭ飬һѪӦýѪЭ飬ñӦѪɺӵ飬һº͵Ĺܱ̽䡣
Ѫ
Ѫ
ԭʱѾ۾ѩ
֪ƾţˣץΟߣȡѪҺ飬ѪѪķʽܱ䣬ǵʱͲκε
ѧԺʱ򲻵һԴԴϵΟѪ
ֱпգôġ
ͨЩԭЩƾ˼ҪɹˣǴ˴ĳɼ˵Ƿǫˡ
ʱȴ±ƣ֪ѪѪʲô˼
ôʵܼ򵥣ǵƽʱѪҲһܹٵ顣ôΟһֻҪÿԸѪ׶ѪҶһ׼ԺǶʱȡͬʱǴһЩΪѪĽñȲʯͲྦྷƶ񤣬ѧԺʲţЩѾѻɽûʲôȻĴߣȾȱԻû˵ĹҪһҲֻΪ˵ѾԲǴԲ񾳽硣ƾûκδţĳɷ֣˵Щɶǧȷġ
ѪѪֶֻΡƾԵ˳˼֪ûĻⲻⷽ㿼ǣĵһǸѧԺҪǵѪҺǲõĽ취
԰˵ģҲǼٵģǲһеģԸǩһѪЭ飿ƾЭ˵£ЧǼٵģǾЧ
ôҲǩ
ң
Ҿ·ΟֻкôѪԴΪ֮һ塣ʧȥεĻᣬԺٳ£Ο߱Ƥ㵽ʱһûĻˡʱˣܵΟߵ䣬ҹҹð
ƾ˵Ļĵ׷ƺĻôһһ


1710 ĸ
ûһ컹ãһ죬ô졣
ؽƾ˼룬ʱ·
ƾʱҲϻһѪЭ飬ǵϣô滹ѡѪ
УƾѧԺ
˿̵ƾȻûʸѧԺģðǩѪЭ飬ֻҪԺϿЭ飬ܴѧԺ
аգԺһͬ⣬ϾǶѧԺһ顣
ŲֵѪЭ˰ǰƾʾһ°Ҫͬ⣬գգۣǲͬ⣬ͲҪκαʾˡ
ЭϵݣȻʶ֣ǹЩֵ˼ȴԶĽ뵽Ժ
˽֮󣬷Э鲢ûôȫƾո˵ݡ
ʮӹȥˣ۾һ
ϾͬЭ飬ҲҪһ£˵ܺƾ̸̸
ƾʱ̾һҸˣǲǩˣĻҾͲˡǼȻ޷ҲǵˣԴˣȻҪ伫
˵ţƾóͲ
ţʱ鴤Ҫʲô
ԭ¼ˣҪһջƵʱ򴫲ȥÿһΟ߶һλɨء˵Ļ½׺ܶࡣƾ˵¼㣬ԽԽãҪġ
סԭ˵ͷƾ˼沿дĻΟսʿǲϳ㡣ףֲһίܲʵӡ
Ҫˣⶼʲôˣް
ԭڼ¼ƣʱ۾գЦˣôˣ۾ǲǽɳӣôգͣ
˵ҪܵĻһ
۾ŽɳأҪǩЭ飬Ǹ쵰ͣͱҵľջвС
ԭʱͣһ¡
ƾʱ˹ԸǩѪЭ˰ɣ㿴ãûʲôǲô
ޣ˵⻰ʱܰСͲ¡
ƾɲ˼ѪЭ֪ûЭҲñīǩģ߶Լ֮ǩԼ־С
գգ۾Ȼգͣ
˵ʲô
ԭŰһѵԣĬĬóһܡ
ʱŵĶҪˡ
˼ҪǴӦһƾ˼һ£˵
󣬼գգ۾
ԭĶ±ˣ㶼ߵİɡ
ǹںģƾ˼һ£뵽˰һ飬λ֮󣬺Ⱦ˰ֱܴ谡
ʱܵȻ
ӦҪƾ˵ƾ˵ѧԺܺ
ԣѧԺְɵϾѪЭ飬ҪԵΟ壬ǱˣΟϴҲʡٺǩһѪЭ顣ƾ˵ͷҲĿ֮УϾҲֻΟĶ֮һһҪôҪôԼԹԵǩѪЭ顣
ʱְ۾գĸˡ
ƾ㲻ˣѵ˼ô
ֽһһĶԻԱߵԭȫֻƾôһֱգ۾һޱżӡ
㵽ʲô˼
ƾˣоˣˡ
ɾʱ򣬰ҲҪɱҪҵ롣
һ̲ƾԭǾˡ

Ŀζôصô
ȵȣƾ˵ˣ
Ҳˡ
˻࿴һۣƾʾԭϽһ塣
ãֻͷָ˲֪
ǾͺãûһҪǷڣǾˡƾ˵ţָֻЦݣȻ˵ˣǾͺýˡҪ˵һ䣬ȻߣҲҪڲָٰΪܵΟߵӵġ

Ŷ㲻֪ʲô˼԰ɣʵǶϱ˼ô֮ͬǸ飬ž˼ɡģôƾ˵ţԼЩġ
û뵽ΟҲһףǲġ
˼˺ð죬ƾ˼Ȼޱȷŭ쵰ֱ̫ˣҴûмôĸġĸģ
ƾ±ˡ
ĸģ
ôû˺˵飬ԭҲǾĿ


1711 ûѵ
ĸģȻĸġ
ȻԭҲû뵽ĸġ
ƺװΪɶܻˣ½Ȼలô꣬ԭһһĸ
Ҳ̫ˣ򲻹˼ңȰ˫Ⱦ˰ɫ
ؼô򲻹˼ңô˼ҡ
ƲĲ
ʲôȾɰɫܽ裬ҪǱĸ߾֮⣬衣
ԣʱϵҪ
Ǹᣬ˭뵽ĸģ˵˰ɡЩ湻Ƶġƾʮͬ˵ŰɣҪҴӦˣʱһߴˣ͵㴲ϣˬ
׼˵ҵСȴǷŭ˵СǼߣǾŮҪվҪƾƴ
⡭ˣһ㶼㡣С˭ģ˵ǾôţиСúÿһ˫Ĵ۾Ӵֳƾƻɹĳ
ԱߵԭѾֱˣ̲סǵʲôССС
ƾһνһһ
ƾԭŰǩѪЭ飬ʼϵ
磬֣񣬴졭ӵ绰ˡ
ףôûˡ
˯˰ɡ
ƾ˵ţԭѾֱˣȷ֮󲻻㡣
Сˡ
ƾֵʱֻ֡һǱлظˡ
ƾŲ˺졣
ƾһ治£˵⻰оŻŻǻǾͲһˣʮа˾ġ
ٺ٣ƾ˵ţ̧ͷţܿʲôȫſںߣ˭˵أôһΟߴ½ͼӰˡ
һսˡص
ˣƾǿˣӦòᣬƻָôˣһ׮
ü
ѾǩһЭ飬ЭԶԺΟߴ½ĸ֣ôȱһʵǿִд¡ΪǵĶӳôӢ䣬Ҿִʲˡƾ˵ţȸһñӡ
ǶӳҪɵĻ
㵽ҪҸʲôĬƬ֮󣬻˵
һһߣߵĽ䡭ƾ˵ţǱѾһäֱӰѵ绰ˣܲµ˿̵뷨ⶼʲôʲô㵱Сôһһߣǲҵİɡ
ƾǸΰԱߵԭѾЦ
ˣװƣҪǲ㣬滹ôС
װ˰ʯͷԼĽ˰ɡ
ƾڨڨԼҲǷûòʲôҲа
һӣƾٴθ˹ȥǶԷֱӾܽӣִȥҲһٲȥѾ˺
Ҳݰ
ƾɵˣô
ǿͬѧ
ҪҪôҵı⣬Ҳܰ˰
Ǹɡԭʱ˵ţͨĺţʱǱ߾лظˡ
ԭ

˻һ֣Ƕ˺š
ǸǸոƾı⣬˵һ飬ɱҲˡԭ˵ţԭԭİ˵һ飬֮󣬷ֻƾ˵ô¡
˰ɣûлε㡣ƾʱ޺޵㣬ҵĺˣûѵġ
ϻˣҿ԰ǣܸʲô˼һ£ѯʵ
ȻѾǽɣ쾳ҪȱԴһ㡣
ʱȻҪ̸̸
ƾԴ˲⣬Ҫ˵ŵһѵǿ϶ܣǿͬѧﻥӦõô̸Ǯ̸˸顣
̸Ǯˡ
ðɣɣôҪڼףһǧڼ׿϶⣬һֻྦྷⶼྦྷˡĻǾǲྦྷǶһʲƸ
ԭһԶ±ˣŪôɣƾŵļһﾹȻֻó
ˣҪһ롣
ȥɡ
ƾʱǵʱԭǺߺ
Ҫõһɣƾʲô
ҪǲɣڻѧԺֱӽȻұ˸ɣһɢƾ޺޵һ룬붼Ҫ룬ķ֮һ
ɽ
ͣٵġ
Ҳݣϵˡ
ƾ룬ʱӦûڲѡ
ԭҲ
ƾʱŤͷ˿Ƕ԰һ˳㲻ƻϼԼˡ
ԭɵˣʲô飬޹İ
ƾ˵治ܲϾ⹦ͣȷҪһݡ
ûֻ꣬ôŪɣ϶ǳı⣬棬ֻô㶫ɣ
㻹Ҫʲôƾķ֮һɣѾоĿڵѪˡ
ö
˼Ѿˡƾֱһﶼûʲô֪
ˣҡͷҪö˵ʲôˣһ˽㡣
ݣֱƭˡöûУһöƾ룬оöȥһöҲʲôɶǮЩۡ
ö룬ûйֵıƾ
ɽƾ޺޵
ġ
ûˡƾŭҪĻǾˡ
˵ѪѪ֮Ҫɡ룬Ǽ˵
ɣƾ˼
Ӧɲడԭߴ̫ˡ
ֻҪɣʣ߳أʱƾҪĳɣҲܷɡ
ȫ԰
ǲûӣЭ鶼ǩˣѪôס֪ʲôмзôһ־ҪѧԺʣµһҪɣʱҶӰأѵͲôǣȻʱǾܺƴԣʣµ߳ɣˣøô֣
⡭
ԭ˵ͷʱһȺۺĹˣҪֵȥǼǲܵ顣
ƾʱߵҪеˡи뷨ģɰ룬Ҳɰ룬ԭһҲǳ˵ɣҲǸһӵġʣµɣʣµǼ˷֡
áûзԣҲ㲻ˣţϹȥ
áƾԭӦ
Ȼƾȴ¶аЦݣһħһɣ㻹ҪѪȳ˵
᣿
ԭסƾĴͲҲǾˣǷ档


1712 ƾҡ
ƾɲô룬ϿһڣݺݵذͲ˽ȥȻͳ顣
ȻƤʵע䶾ҺףѪѶС˺ܶࡣ
ôٶȻǲа
֪Ѿһָֻ֪ˡǴֻҪҳһѪҺҾͲ㱻ͱջƵȥȻĻһÿһΟ߿СҪǿ㱻ͱ˾ջ˵᲻һǧɡƾʮֶ񶾵˵š
ʱҪѪˣôô񶾣ҵСвҡ
ް
ѪˣڱҳѪԺѪʱһ㣬˵ǶɪĶ֣ˣѪˡ㿴Ļǲ˲֪ҲסˣҲõԼҪĶƾȰ˵
ֻǣôôеء
ԭϸţƾ˵ĺô
Ҫ˳ѪȱҳˣҲԿһܱסϣ⻹׬ˣ㻹ҪôⶼΪð
һ˲䣬ƾ϶â
ã˵㻰
ҧҧʱа˭Լİѱƾ
֪ô˰ɣס壬˿ϡ
á
Ȼܷŭ
ƾ˳ˣһͰͰѪУԭ۾ˡ
ҵģҵأ
ԭ̲סˣס˻ڼȡѪƾ
һһѾ˴ǧʣµǧˡ
ǧˣǧǧɣãһˣɾͳ鲻ˣһһѪ
˵ţԭóһݻĴͲ׶һ˴ˡ
ƾ±ˣһģԼ
ޱȵޣǰҵʲôˡ
Ǹոճ˲ǧԭͣͲҲΪս
ǿ϶ˣֱӴġ
ûΟĶ֣һ·ƾ͵֮С
ѽá
ƾӭȥȴֱƹһ·ǰ
Ȼһܡ
ɵˣ̲ס鴤Ҫô
ڵ飬ʱ򿴵һ塣붫ɪսһ˺أѪͲˡѪҪˡܲܵԭ˵ԱߵƾǾˣɶʱԭ˵ˣѵǱԼȾġ
ôҾٵȵȡ˵ͷȻ˿ԭ֡
ס

˵ţǰѴӦĶȫ
˿ѯʵΟߴ½һҿϢǺ˲١
棬˵ǻǺѡ
ģΣȻҲĶ֣ҲκβҡˣҲòȥѾָˣ϶ûСĻҾʹ˻˵ķʽİĥȻƾ̸Э飬һҲ޳˵Ǿ͵ָˣºóԸ˵š
ţЩȻһս
ϾֻǽһǺôҲǽȻǽǿģҲС
ֻһȷϹսսսǿ
ټϣȻǽΟߴ½ûгȥֶʵ̫٣ػؾǼӡ
ԣ¡
ʱȥת۾һ¡
ָĲˣҲ֪ͨҶӰǣȽ˺ǾһѧԺ
û⣬ȷʵûȥˡ
һҶӰ׶ˡ
ƾֱӷһۣһܵĵǿ죬ڻ
ƾҡˡ
֪ܵ˵Ѹٵıסƾû¾ͺãû¾ͺãɰҵĻˡ
ƾ˵ôΥĵĻ˼ôĲô
ҶӰҲԶＸû뵽
ʶˣ
ƾƿݺݵصһۡ
ڨڨȻʹļ׵ƾѰҵʱһΪķҲߵġ
ôǵãߵʱ˵ȥȱľȱأ
Ұ˰ûеõظϵѧԺԺңʦҰȥҲģϵ˼ʮΣԺڣмʮλʦȫˡ
˵ţһġ
ƾɵˣôࡣ
ڣֵֻܵĸоҲˡ
ʱҲĬˣʵʱƾǱץҲ취֪ƾû֮ŷġ
ˣҾԭһΡƾ룬ûбҪƭԼ
ֹȥˣܶˣ⻹ԭע˽ⶾ
һºΪָ˴룬ܲ
ôСĶ֣дһ¡
á
ţɽ֮Уҽ
εҡҡͷ˵㲻ţΪʲôҪŰأ㳹׻ָ˵ɡ
ˣҲȷʵ
ˣ֮
ҸоԼѾȫָˣǲǿԡ˵
ǻʲôھȥƵСóԸƾ˵ţȻǿûʵȥɺһлҪ
ɡ˵ͷ
һȺԼһȺ߳˺ĵ̡
ϧĶʮλֻ߽ʮλˡ
󣬰ָָǾСˣǰȥһΡ
˵ʱ򣬰Լˡ


1713 ɽ
ƾѾǰȥһΣǾԺҲûȥ¡
ӣﵱʥˡ
ǳϢȻҲһߣҶ졣
ǻʲô
˵ѾЩȲˡ
ոѾˣȽѪֵġ
ռƻȲ󷨣һҪѺסȻһҪߵĻδס룬ϾʵҲͺͺ൱ټһȻ˵ʤ߳ɣ黹ҪȷһʧС
סҶӰ˵ͷ
ѧԺѧҲѡ޹󷨣˿˲󷨣ÿԲóһִ󷨡󷨷أԳɿռ䣬˵Ϊɾ磬Ҳסˡ
ӣ㹻ˡ
󷨲ѣؼĻҪ󷨣æƬֲ̣巽ݽľˮ֮ʱΧؾͱҲʱ򣬺ŷ˲Ծ֮һɳ˳
С
һͬ͵Ĵߣʱ۾ˣˮֱ
ӣЩŮֱûκ
ëʲô
һ۾Ϳ˰мǼһ仰
ֻǰëʲôƾѾЦ
СëǻǾ䡣
ע⵽쵰ȻţһҪˡ
ܿʶ˲ԡ
ôͰ쵽һ飬˲ͨʲô
㾹ȻҲҪԸҡ
Сãģ
ţ˵ˡ
ʲôģѵֱ˵ģʵݰ
ϻˣ
ź֪ٷϻˣȻ˵仰ð󵹸ˡ
ãõġ
Ӧȥ˹ȥ
ĵױԴɽ𽣣̴ܴ壬ټ˰һǣƣһռϷ硣
ëҴҡ
ûġ
źŭȫ˵òӡ
֪Ϊʲô˲ôΪ̫ˣһĸ߶ѣ֮󣬿ӲǵҺ˵ĻôĸߺŮͬһֶֻҪ˯ڴԺͻƴӡƾһԵ
ҶӰ⻰һž˹ȥ
ƾȻŮԣȻصѧԺ֮ҪŮС
ƾҶӰŵ˲ӣҶӰǲ
Ͳһˣƾĺʱ־ʮ㣬һһǱƾϴԵĲˡ
תۣСʱȥ
Щ±סҲûȺغײǶ֣Ͱĵӡ
쵰ҽ첻ǵĶ֣ԺһǺÿ
˵ţȻ²Ȼߡ
յʱ򣬴󷨰Ȼβ֣Ѿȥס
ܣŶûС
˽첻Ӧеصز飬Ŀʼ֧ͼ˼ΣҲΪɹй
Сʱ󣬺̱˵ϣʧȥ˷֮
˷ޱȣʱȴóһĴܣźͺݺݵעһԹܵĲҺ塣
һĻ˶ˡ
ƾǲĹҶӰһʱ뵽ƾƾͲһҲֻԭŻУͻңӦԭôûˡ
ðɣ⻹⡣
һСõġƾε
ˣҶӰףܱ߼˶̲ס޳ܰ
Ǵҩ׶һ䣬ͬʱݺݵرһƾ
⻰ҶӰըˡ
˵׷ƾһٿᣬһƾһȦ
λǸ
ҩˣҲ֪˵ʲô
Ҳû°Щš
ĵŪ㻹ǲǸߡ
ƾ⻰ʱѣҲٳɣͽ֮С
ƾĳţƺ뿴ʲôҶӰһһϣ˵ʶߡǸţֻоɽڲһһģ˷಻Ұһ˻
ɽ𰡡
ﵭ˵ü˷׷ײĿ
ɽ
ѾĻвţⶼó
ȷʵţƣ˼ҳɽ𣬿⶯湻Ұġ
ڶ죬ɽ
죬Ȼ

죬ǻڶŵĴɽ˶겻ѡ
սĿ԰
һֱ˵ʮ죬ɽͣˣ˶԰սޱ塣
ʮ죬ɽ˳һ㲣۾֮вѪ˿ҺȦˡ
˿ǸǸոˬӣǱեˡ
찡㵽澭ʲô
ôӣ£ƺûôˬƾȥɷºܣ˴˿Ҳ̲ס˶䣬ҶӰ
һͦˬЩʹ
һ죿ƾʱˣȻ̲סЦⲻϺģҿǿİɡ
˵ô̫ˡԴ޲Ҹطȥˣ̫ߵˡ
ʱ򣬺ɽ֮˳
ӣֱٹɢƬģ֮жǷŹâȻܲ
꣬ǲƾһѪ׬
ǾѧԺѧ԰ɣëѾ˵ˣȻѾӦǵѪԼҲûһҪһԺ˵һԵİʾΣʮɽױˣѾûлȨˡǸӾǱңҲûá
˳˼ϾԺɲ˭ܼġ
˼Ƭ̣˵ҪʾһԺȻиոĬǵ֣Ժ֮оһ
Ѿڴ½֮һţʹźڰλֱӵѧԺ
ǣԺ
ӦһȻԣԺӦһ档
ͰʱϲȥѧԺԵúڴ

ƾֹһ֮ǰĲɿӣǴ̼˭ء
׼һ£ǾͿԻѧԺˡ
룬һ˳ʱ䲻̫࣬ȴܷḻ
ԭƾһ񣬸оԼѾ½ˣ뵽ûҲԶˡ
ڶ죬ѧԺ
ʱλͬʱԶʮӰ˹
ɪ
ԭѿڵȥôˡ
ƾĬĬ˵ǿ˶ɪ£ǿŶɪһݿɡ

ɪ󣬵ȴԵúϡ
üͷɪʲôѵô
һŵҺС֣ɱһ㶼ѡ
⻰һβȴѰ鵽һߣ㻹˼˵ȻɪǱӣ½ʮ
βѣܹô˸ҩ
ܺŽΪûеɽ
λҲֻΪҵȡһƬ֮ضѣûð֮⡣ɪ˵λߵһ飬ԺǶɪϲĶ֣ͬһ½֮ϣλҵһ·
ߣǲǻ·ɪͱˡߺߵ
֪λȻǶɪηǣδǣûԳֹɪ˵ţԵЩм֮ɫ
һţЩͰ
ɪ½̫Сˡ˵Щأ뿪½ȥ̽Ѱ磬ȴʧˡ½ǿռ֮еһƬµΧһƬ󡣲ںˣ˾Ȼ½˵ǿ϶ǿ뿪ġڣҴǳȥпܣԺδز뿪Ƭ½ȥ硣
ǣɪˡ
ǡ˵Ĳȷ̫СˣǺȼֱֵһᡣ
ģɪЩȡ
ȻˣһСϵ½Ժգ䷢½ǿ϶Ϊˡԭʱ̲סѿڶ
ɪ˵ͷҲɵĵǶġ
λû˵ʲô
ɪҲûʲôͼıģԾʾһˣ׼ѧԺ
ƾ˭
Ȼ
˺Լ֣ƾһܵľǵ˭˭ң
һ̧ͷͿ˶ɪϬ
˼ඡ
ԭһ߶ǰЦò˼ҹŮοô졣


1714 ĸ
ƾ˵֮ޣⶫɪ֪ʲô顣
Ŀ˿ϾһһɪҪӦֵסɪʧˣֱŤͷһĪӡֿ˰ʵĻеøеģϾƾóԸʵ룬˯˺ǺβһήˣȫĿ
ô۸ҵŮվôɪƾЩɫơ
ƾΣҪûнΪ㿴ҸҲվ
ʱݿȴǿڵĸϣŵˡ
⻰˵ĵһоݿ̫ͻˣƾӣ氮
ҶӰʱ򶼿ȥˣһžͰƾ˳ȥ㻹ɵŸʲôĸﺰġ
ƾƨɣ˶ˡ
ĸĸ
һֱӰߵ˶ɪߣ뵱ͷڹ궼С
ǸŮˣҾƾѧԺв꼶ѧðƯֱϵƶ䡣ѽⲻݿôҲðþòתƶļ
˵Լ˵ȥˡ
ΪŶɪϬ񣬸оһѵعһ
ˣȻֳһڶĸо֮ƾҲн졣
ٸ컬࣬ѾһٶСŮˡɪߵ˼ƭݿɣѵƭô
ǣǣסƾֹһݺݵرһһٶСŮ滹˼˵ڣŮˣҲĶ֣һ֪Ϊʲô졣
УҪŮˣԽҶɪ϶Сɪ
õģŮˡƾڵȻ͸оһʹǶɪʹС
ǱˣʱܾסˣôҲܱϣϾô˿أඪˡ
ƾǱˣһ뷨ǻˡ
ֻҽһ˫ֱͷһӾʹ֮е
ۣҵͷۣҲۣôˣ
ˣҸоҵ궼Ҫѿˡ
죬ɱң̫ˡ
˵ţڵ²ϵطǧ׸ߵĴײʮãǼ׸ߵɽҲǵʮ
һĻ˶ɵˡ
ɪҲ̫˰ɡһΪƾƽ˸ոտܸܲǲˣɪ߶һƾ
Ȼƾˡ
ⲻǶɪɵģǻ˭
ƾû°ɣҶӰҲɵˣⳡ棬ҲΪǶɪƾɱ֡
ȥļٵġΪ˽ƾһһоǲţǿƾ죬Ϊʹ϶ǲ˺ˮҲЩ
˼һ£Ŷɪ֮һ˿ɱ⡣
ɪƾѧԺѧҪɱҵļƻҿɶ㲻޺޵ҪȥѧԺأ֪ǷЭҪƾٳɵģĸѵŮԣɱŮǿɲɡ
ĸϣôݿ˵ţ滨ľͳȥסƾȫǲ֪룬ƾôˣĸϲãֹۣ۵ҩԵ㡣
˵ţóһЩƿƿ޹ޣɶһЩҩһԵĶƾ
ƾ⣬ЩȻ˵ҩΪõġ
ҡҲû뵽ݿɡɪԼ±ˣ˿̽
ô£ԼССѵƾ뵽һ￴ǶҪƨһ
ҲܻŰҪƾˣȾԼŮģŮԺܺôǿ϶˺ҪѧԺƵʱ϶ûȥˡǺͰɪ϶شҲµģصѧԺǹһ԰Ѷɪ½Ĩȥ
ʱһݿԱߣƾƣǳ˼ְ취ûá
ҧҧóһʮ־µĴƿ
ƿʱ۾һ
ѵǡʥҺǾ㾹Ȼⶫʥ۳ﰡϧʥήˣһΪⶫҲ͸þˡ
˻֪ô£ðһ
ԭʥǵ½ϵһ½ܾΪʥŴڵġʥÿ۳Һ壬ҺʥҺصĹЧ꣬ʶǿ壬Ż򣬼ֱϵֻʥήˣʥΧȴǳС磬Լɪᵽһ꣬ľǿһŲɪһ٣֮УΪ˶ɪһ
⻰˶Ǵһ
Ĳ˵أԭǼʶġ
ȻҲֻʥή֮γɵֲ֮һ˾Ϳȫʢʱڵʥж
ʱƾЩĽˣһ׬ˡ
ƾԼҲ±ƣоһصҺԼУһٶΣζȾû˵һ㶼࣬ޱȣʵ˶֮Уζ㻹лþòȥ
Ȼоһص뵽֮УϸõĻ档
ˣһůůĸоȫȪһ
ԾأǱ۾˯ˡ
ȥһСʱоԼȫһ״Ǿˣ徹Ȼɱ壬ɢһ㵭İ׹⣬ԵöЩʥ
ͬʱоԼޱ
ǹҲ뵽֮У𵤣ָоԼͻƵɾ磬ƺʱͻһ
ʱˣʥҺȻаͻƾ
⡭
۾Ŵң˿̶֪˵ʲôˡ
ߴңոװģԼɣ֪᲻ᱻ
һҹĸо̫ˡ
ˣƾ
ݿɱƾ˻ˡ
ƾ۽ǣۻûء
ˣҾȻȫˡ
ƾ˵ţԼо̫Υˣʷһˡ
˴˿Ҳظ
ɪſտҲСƿѾûʥҺˡ
Ҳû뵽ԼһƿʥҺǧ꣬Ȼ˳ȥ
ʧôе㡣
ԼŮǸȸԾӣҲ㲻ˡ
һԣͻȻԭҸҿ϶ƾոһװġע⵽ôƾոշʱ򣬰¸ˣ֪ģѧԺУŪ˲鷳һ鷳Ծ͸һġ룬˭۵Ķˣпջ·
ԭ⻰˶ˡ
Ļôô
ƾɰĸĴɡ
ʱҲע⵽ˣҲǷ׷Ťͷ޳ܵģһμô޳ܵġ
ǿƾǵӣȥһ١
ɪʧ䣬ĻȻһƾ·ֻĺ֮ǰһһˡ
ʱ˶ˡ
ѵӣֱҪƾ
ǿƾߵݿɣס˳嶯ȻοԼ͵ιˡ
ϣոʲôţƾݿɵĲ˹ɫ԰ףƺ·ȣɪԿ϶һﻹϷ
ʱ˵ݻţҲˡ
ƾҪٳŵһɣƻҪʧ㶫ȻʥҺ϶ûˡ
ҲһԺɪǿŭֳһɫӡ
ǹƲУͰΪѧԺЭ飬ʸԺȻǶɪԺȴѿƾԥľ˵ôֱӵľܾˣʲôЦȥѧԺʱԺǰ˵Ҽ仵ҪЪˡ
ɪüͷ֪ܾܾҲ̫ɴˡ
ɪѧԺԺǺε϶ܼġ룬ο
Ӧǵ˰ɣô˵ɪ
Ժոȷʵû˵Ҫ㡣һ£ǵ
飬Ҳš
ҶӰҲһڣȻû˸ҴɪȥѧԺ
ҵŮݿأҲȥѧԺôɪ뵽ʲô̲סѯʵǵıģҪǵһȥأԺݿɾͱˡ
֪ô˵ˣݿ㲻ĻǿȥѧԺ
ʱڣ˶ƾ˼ֱ˵̬ˡ
ƾޱȣܾԼһ
ʱҪ˵У᲻ᱻҪ˵УݿȥѧԺʵ˵Ĺϵ
ôƾѾôΪһˣҪΡ飬ͬˣǿԴݿɻصѧԺɪǴݿɻѧԺɲǴȥԺųɾųҲԺñʲô񡣡ҶӰʱʮְ˵ѾΪƾĬҶŮ񶼷ˣҲԡ
ôݿҵĺѣȥѧԺģ˰ɡƾЩε


1715 ѧԺ֮
⻰⡣
ݿ붫ɪ򵥵ĸһ£ȻҪ뿪½
ߵʱȴǾ涫ɪͰȥһѧԺɪͳǵϼҡ
ĸҡ
ɪβѣȷͰˣȻԲ̫֡
һ԰οİɣΟǱɪҪǸҶǣѧԺһͬ⡣
ðɣﶼˡ
Ͱˣݺݵصһ
Ѿľ˵ʵҲҪôֱӺôʲô˵Ѳô
һȺλ֮Уʱλãֻһȿռ֮ţɢŰ׹⡣
ʲôһǿĿռ˹ȥЩ𺳵Ŀȿռ֮ţԼܸĿռ֮ȫʵ̫ˡ
ǰþ˵Ŀռŵ
ǿռ֮ţȥܵѧԺʱ򻺻λݿɹɣ
Ŷˣԭǿռ֮Ű˵ţȻȻһԼ壬ٱȻһŻ
ܽȥôɲҪƭҡ
ҪǽȥŸŻˣʱǿɱ⡣
ƾʱԵĿλĵģ̲סЦǷĽɣռ֮ޱȣɲۿô󡣱˵ǣǿ½ȥ
ģ
ЩɵĿƾǺ˽ƾ˵ڹ͵ء
ôǲȥѵҪȽȥ
͵һ۰Ϭ񣬰ڨڨҾԣҽȥ֮ûΣˣٸ
⣬ǿ
һԼ־㹻ǿҡ
ʱʼſռ֮ιȥȻͷ˿ռ֮ŵ֮Խǿռ֮ţֿռ֮Խ󣬵ߵռ֮Ÿǰʱ򣬷ȿռ֮ͨʮں˿ǲǿռ֮űˣǰСˣʮֻвʮ׳
̫ˡ
ݿҲǾȵҲǵһμʶռ档
ƾʱݿɣѧԺһʦľǿռ䷨򣬶ֶβǸ档ñѧԺ֮еʱһ־ܴӵĳ֮߸ʳ˵ϲٳʧԵ飬ɵġִժȡʱȵϵƷƺСĺܣʱҴʶʶ
šݿɵ˵ͷЩڴ
Ϊʦ棬Ϊƾˡ
ǵƾ˵кϲһŮӣͻŮӿӰǲġ
ȵȡ
ҶӰ˶ҪŽȥȻͣ˽Ų
ȻȻ뵽ʲô㣬أ
⻰ɵˣʱͻȻһʲôо
ƾԭԿһۣʱ˶ˣǼһﲻỹڰˮɡ
ʱ򲻵ѯǸǳĲļһôҵĴأѵҲǵͬѧ
˶ˡ
ȥ
һȻ㻹еڣǴ˴Ķӳ
Ե޹һˣû
ȿȣɲԹҺƾĴڸ̫ˡ˵ˣҿɶѰǲҪôڿƻܳɹô˵ȥ֮ôдҲһģͷұ׷ɱˣҺܻţһ·ӡм̻ûУβұץˮΣұţȻұ˳ʱģ˵
̿ϸ
ӽǰα׷ɱĵȻƾɱ˼ΟߣͱؽȥˮΡ
Οߴ½ϵ÷ֵ㣬һûвϡ
һҲ̫ˡ
ܿ죬ˡ
˿̵㣬ޱȵǱɢųζΪˮʱţҲ׷ˡ
ߡ
㿴żˣֱŭɶ
ʲôû˵Ӱһͽ˿ռ֮ţعѧԺˡ
˲֪˵ʲôã㣬ƶִܶˡ
ҶӰ˼һ£̾һȷʵе̫ˣô˵Ҳͬѧ
׶Ҳǵ˵ͷҲǰ˼
ţͨռ֮ţռ֮漴ʧˡ
ѧԺô
һһȥ⾹ȻһƬƴĿռ䣬ֱޱ޼һ
ռ֮УƯĵ죬һһС͵½ء
̫ˡ
˵ţʮﳤѧԺ֮дţһƯĵǰӹ
ڵķţˡ
𡭡
һʱѵǰ˲ͷԶˣѾĻ
һɵ˷ޱȡ
һ棬ҶڿΣһʮǰ̲סüͷʲôȻӰڿΡ
˵ţָһ֮гһɽ
䣡
ɽֱӾͰѰѹ档
һҽУо嶼ҪѹˣǴɽ˵Ǵɽʵǧ׸ߣôȻѲ˷ֺ
˹סǴɽҪѴɽȴǷȫ
ޱȣ⵽ʲôһɽȻ޲ߡ
Ҷʦ
ʱ˹һ񣺡λΟߴ½ĺͰԺֻǸյѧԺо棬ײʦӰʦϿΣʦ¡
Ŷ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҡҡͷѧԺڿεĵطÿҲҪзÿ͵ӣôʵǰۣӰ쵽ˣҾͰСһ塣
˵ţָһɳȥ׹䵽˺Ͱϡ
ֻʮﳤĺͰȻСֻʮֳˣһС򾡣
ͬʱϵĴɽҲʧˡ
ҶӰѾ̲סЦΟߴ½ţƺλû뵽սѧԺΪײѧԺҶʦȻС򾡣
Ҳ̲סݸ
ݿǾޱȣ˲֪֪λĸϵΪ൱ǺΪĸϵΪ֮ϣǸոλһͱС򾣬ȫûз֮ʲô˵ĸϹҲֲոǸ˵һָ
λλˣ
СţҶǹ
ˡ
ԼѧԺһӣһС򾡣
ô£ԼȴǷָ
ֻһֿܣ˫ʵ̫ˡ
ϻʲôѵҪҰǱСϡ
ϣ
⻰һ
λ˵ʲô͸Ͻ뿪ˣ֪Ҷʦһ˽ǡ
һֱһ֮ϣ֮зɹһ߲ʵֽס
ʲôƯݿָֽ׾䵽ϡ
ǲֽõУֽ׾ȻԵҶӰƾ׶ԭǼţΟߴ½ˣԺ⡣ԺʱѧԺŻһ֮ڷأʱڴλڼ䣬ǰдãһ㣬д治ǼˮˣҪԼջĵá
ǣ
Ѿֽ֪״˭ˡ
ȻԺۡ
Сֽ׻˵̫ˡݿɻھ֮С
ƾ˿ҲǿЦãѧԺһжݿ˵ȷʵá
֪ж顣
ȸλһסޡ˼һ£λһɵס޵ĵطںˣλֻôһˣһǲ̫˷ˡ
סޣ
λ֪ʲô˼ǰһСӵʱǸǺۡ
ȻֻôСˣסһСʲô
ʿɱ裬סǲסӵġ
û취һеɵλŵ档
Ǹݿأƾźλ̲סͿڵ
ݿɡȻסˡ˿ƾ񼸺˵ʲôô
סǣƾɵˣǴû⡣
סס˭ǣ㶼˵뵽ѧԺġҶӰһǷݿɾͽˣҪȥݾˣһģһûˡŮడ
ƨƾ̲ס̵
ǧҪǵչ˺ݿŶչ˲õĻ֪ŶҶӰ˵ţӰһʧˡ
һ£ټһವһ²ˡ
ƾˡԭ˵ţ뿪ˡ
ƾҿ㡣׶ƾļ򣬴ЦһҲ뿪ˡ
ƾվԭأôֱӵĸо
ƺݿɵ飬һȺģҪڲ
찡ΪʲôһȺӻͬѧǻʱ϶ƺˡ


1716 
ƾݿе񣬻˵ʲô
ðɣݿɣǻؼҡ
ƾ˵ݿ⻰סƾֱۣһС˵ӡ
ƾһ£иڶ˵ƺҲͦá
һ·һɵƾڸвס
Ȼ˵ڸвѧʸӵһɵΪסʵҪôǸв꼶ѧҪôǳɼرĸвһ꼶ѧȻѷ䵽ɵ
ɵǶ࣬Ψ߲ʸס
ƾǸвѧҲеٮٮߡסɵԲ˰λҲãĻҲǸвǰһٵɵҪСǰһ١ĿǰǰһٵɵʮŴ˸вʦǾסʮΪвĽѧʹãʣµʮɵ˸вѧǾס
ƾɵʮŴ֮ڶʮߡ
Ǻܿǰˡ
ʮɵҲǸвѧһֱľʮɵϾסҲһʵ
ƾĵ
ݿɻûеɵ濴ɵôоЩ졣
Ϊʲô˵ɵ濴ȥдУǰɵȥȴǺģһɫûС
ȫǹͺͺģʵ̫ѿˡ
ǸʵͦÿģжʱұȽȱǮͰֲˡǮˣֻǿܰεеˣɽͺˡƾʮε˵Ҫ֪ͬѧĻ϶һжʱȽȱǮһֻȽȱɣѧԺָһɵΪסǰɵ˼£ȫˣҲ̣Ĳˡ
ƾ뿪֮ǰһʱ䣬ѧԺ̳ӣҪԼɵ
ǰɵжɾˣһԵİɵȥĸв֮ûʸɵԩͷϣ׬һǮ
ϧѧԺͣˣҲɾˡ
ϾѧԺƶȣɵѧԺģǸƾסƾҲֻӵʹȨ뵱Ǿͱˡ
ҪѧԺַҲɵڻƾС
ݿɵ˵ͷƾĻ
֮еŮƺô׳գԼ˵ʲôš
ɵɵΨһһСƾס
СΧݷïǰһ֣Сˮ⾳Ǻƾ֪Ǳʲô񣬵һʱʹ˳ȥ
үˡ
ʱһֻһ˿˹
ֻһ׶ǿźܾ׳
壬Ҳڵʱ䣬ûҰɡƾѯʵ
ûУһв꼶ɽģҿ˼⡣
ѧԺ˵ˣɵ⡣
ҿ˼˽ｻףԺɵ˻Ҳס棬ϾɵȻѾˣǺŨġ
ȥ壬ʲôѾˡƾУȥǸ˵ҵɵܶġƾĳɵġߣҿЦѣĳЩ˻ĵˣΪҪɵ⣬治֪ǵôģһȺ׳ա
⻰۾ɵϴ˵Ļ
ܼӣʲôʱתˡ
㲻Ӧ˵ɵҪʲôסʲôýģǮˣȥСѧѧԢȥ
ƾݿһԿţ۾ЩʪоƾѧԺ̫ˣסĵطҪȥʱЩȥˡ
û£ݿɣȻѧԺһûطסɡƾظ壬ȥѧԺȡһƷȻѶ¥һ£ݿɹס¡
үλݿɹʱݿɣһоƯŮ˸ƾô£Ϲۣƾծ
ƾŰСﲻ뷨ȿȣҵĺѣܺõѣϹ롣
һʱϲծǺܺõѣҶˣˡһҾүͷͨһ¡
˵ţ˷ܵȥݿʰ¥ķˡ
ƾɵۣ㶮ʲôˣ˵˲Ϲ룬㵽ô¡
ƾλļˣݿʱЩֵ
ǣҲǡǸвѧӵɵͿԼһЩˣԼѧԺ顣ôǲҪʲôˡǰȥʱ򣬰徺ܣ˰˵Ĺңֱ׷ɱҿΪѧԺƾ˵ţЩء
Ŷݿɵ˵ͷܿƾͰĹϵһ㣬ǼˣҲࡣ
µһ졣
ĭгŽɫӣǰִ齫Ӽһޡ
У˳ȥ
ֻöɵӳֳһͣʾΪһ
ʱĭüͷҪƲơֻѧԺ뿪Ʋƣ
Ǿʱһ
ĭ㵺ϵô࣬͸ҼĶصô
ƾ㣡
ĭ̧ͷȥƾѾҪˣʱŭʲôҺòײġ
пʮĶأҾҪ߰ĶصģȰҼſװһ¡
ߺȣڻˣǰɶȥˣſƬأǿɱҵЩ徻ƯˣҷһԼԼ塣
²ף˵ˡ
㵹Ǹңҵ徻񵽵ҪʲôҶ˽⣬ɽͺͺģҲܾѿģΪں
ҵνݿϲɫƾĬ˰죬Щ
ݿɣĭתȻЦˣԭǺǶŮˡЦˣƾҲн졭
ʲôǶĴԵɡǸϻˣˣҪǻȥˣݿɾҪˣʱûоϲˡ
ڰɣڰɣķǮ
ĭЦЦֲ㵽ԼҪƲƣԭҪˡ
ƾֱҧʲôӣҪڵģҿɾͲˡ
һץʱӽʮĶصӱˣȻ󲻵ĭ˵ʲôȾܣϽ뿪
ҶӰɵ
ҶŮĶ԰
Ѿ֪ˣĭ˵ˣݿϲǰɣʮĶʮĶ

ƾʱϢôô죬ĭʲôʱôˡ
֮ȥ˼ʮطԵһ糿ջķᣬۿɼģͺɵ
糿ݿɴӷ
Ĺ簲
ƾΟߴ½һÿ糿׼ʱݿɵſڡ
ݿɿƾȻע⵽ſŨŨɫЦˡ
һЦǡ
ƾҲЦˣԼһ糿ûаæֵˡ


1717 
Ĳ֮Уܰ
׼ϵʳݿɺϲ
ݿûгԹôµͣǺԼİһ
͹ƾݿ뿪ѧԺȥ˵
ݿɵһο˺嫵ǿգһſŵǳ֪ԭô
ƾݿȥ̳ĶЩݿûмġ
һжá
ڶƾҪдԼ棬ÿѧɵһҵٺãдĺһ㣬޷ɼܾͻA+ABпܡ
ֹۣϵ
ƾԼεıֲȻҪһ
ٷˣҪû£ȥһѧԺĹΡ룬Ҫǵݿɻġ
ΣҲôݿסȻ۾һ֮ǰλðѧԺλҶʦʮﳤʮֳС򾣬ԾѧԺܶѧǵĿγ̺ܱܣЩϿεĵطκ˿
岻ЦȻԣѧԺһЩרҵγ̲һЩȴκ˶ȥġרҵγһ㲻ھǽһЩ˼룬кܶ໹ǴںܴġвЩ棬ܵоɷ񹦡
ô
Ȼģ֪ѧԺ֮йολʦô
λʦ
ʵԺЩصʮǰʼԺֻҪΣʮа˾ŶǹΣԺĹÿһζúܶѧ֮ܵǰҲȥΣֻһμ˽ңҼǵһԺǷ׭˵ʵʵ̫ˣѧԺ֮ѡ޷׭ѧ࣬ҲһΣҾȻԺڵķ׭һҲ֡
˵ţֻ˫ֻǶһʦڻһ׵Ļ
ϻӶ˫ֻΧȻЩ۵ȭͷ֮ϣ֮һȭȥռ䶼һ
ݿɾޱȣ岻ﾳ׵ΪһȭٴﵽﾳĽǽӽ׵ĵز
Եõ˼ӳɡ
ҸȭΪȭ
ΪԺҲһˡ
ǵƾ֪֮󣬶Ƕмӣ˵ʸΪѧԺѧˡ
֪ǲƾ̧Ϊ֪Ժһѡ޿֮Ʒ׭ŵûһ٣Ҳ߰ʮ
̫ˡ
ݿɾȲѣѧԺԺһλʥߣ̫ˣֻһѡ޿ΣȻľѧ
ЦЦûҲȥϹΣѧԺľйΣñȽŹΡ
ģ
ȻģһŴѩʦĽΣһǽַʦķ𾭹Ρô벻ȥ
š
ݿصĵ˵ͷڴ
𾭹ξˣүϲҪѧˣÿ찢ӷ𣬹үҪҾʹȥŴѩʦĽΡ
õġ
Ǻãߡ˵ţһ·ָݿɽܵλŴѩʦѧԺһλʦĽѧԺŵǰ塣˵ȻֻнɶΪһǽʦӲסѧԺڵʦ֮һѧԺ֮ҲӰ
һ·һвɵĹξɵ֮ϿΡ
ĿǰɵѾһٶλѧˡ
ݿɺͰһʱ˶ǿ˹˺档
λŮѧôƯ
ܰѧԺŮҶ˭
ˣҪȥҪһϵʽ

תۣݿ߾͹˺üв
С㣬ܼӸô
һѧڵŻЩӡ
ʱΧ
ߣҼٷˣҼүֽƾ
󡭡ƾ
⻰ʼΧļѧǳһ亹ȻƾǸɷǡ
ƾ֪ǴڨݿɣҪԲ˶ߡ
ʱҲ˰壬ֲôģⲻƾɵϵĴܼҡ
Ůû
Ҳǡ
ҾǴ·ûб˼
ˢһӣʧĸɸɾ
û취ƾѧԺ֮е̫ˣʵǲ𰡡
壬Ǻ˼ݿ̲סЦЩ̫ˣһƾ־ܵûӰˡ
үЦЦ
һλ
ʱһѧԶ˹Ȼһǰλӣѧ˶Ƿ׷ÿһ
ݿҲѧЩ壬˭оҶ
һ£ŷӦ죬Ŀǰǰѧѧкһǿת֮£Գ磬Ϣǧǰ¡źԽһɱһλλ񡣡
ݿɶʱ֣ǰ˾ȻԽʥΪɱǿߡ
ʵǿ£Οߴ½
үӦҲʵ
룬֪ƾһֱһλ͹˵ѧԺѧ
Ŷ
ݿɵ˵ͷЩ˽ѧԺ֮ˡ
ߵǰ棬·ݿߵʱȴͣ˽Ų
壬ƾأ
ү
УҲƾϲ˽ү
ðɣͬѧҼүסд档
ţдˣңҵҪЩô糿һһٶβ
㣿
ʱɵۣԾ뵽ſˮ֮еͻȻ˵һٶβ㡣
ðɣƾΪԼɵ󲿷ǻԵеɵǡòڵģҲȡһЩ
ߡ
˵ţߵǰ档
ݿɻô£ӣԵΪƾ
İɣүλүͬѧϵ㲻ΪүҾү鷳үƤʱ֪Կ˭ء嵹Ƕƾ˽⣬һ㶼ġ
ֵһСʱһȻ󲻵˷Ӧǰͳһӡ
Ŵѩˡ
ӭҵĹΣĹΣҪݺܼ򵥣ֻа˸֣Ǿ书Ψ첻ơŴѩһɨһεˣǽ˸ֺܶ˿ɾ磬ɾ֮󣬾ѾΪˣÿʲôģɷãзáҲò˵ֱǴش
쵽κʱá
ҵĽǵڣҲֻһ֣Ǿǿ졣
ʲôʲôɷʲôҵĽ죬ȻһĲֵ
ҵĽ׷ٶȼ£ҽѧԺһ쿪ʼˡ
ֻΪ˿죬ûнûɷûʲôǿķ򡣡
˵ţŴѩгһ
ʱ򶼿ֻһûпԶĿռȴǶȻһѷ졣
˶Ǵһ졣
⡭
ݿѾʧһоԼĸҲ޷ֵΪʵ̫ˣѾͻٶϵƣͻ˿ռϵơ
ȷʵ¡
һ£ҲΪء
ͨһҲ̺˷Ҳаʲôδ֪ɷеһжΪý졣
ˣŴѩԽɶΪȻһ˺ֻнļ˺ѵĸвĿռ䡣
ôǿ쵽µӿռ䣬ӷʱ䡣
죬Ժ۹ԺóԽµĿӦ÷ΪŵȻʮȣȻҸԼĽֿΪ٣ֱǵһ١ڶ١һֱھŻߵʮ١ոʩչĲǵ٣ȴѾӿռ䣬ǽļǿߣȻĹ켣׽
Щ˶Ǿޱȡ
ԽµĿ죬پӿռ䣬ǺܴﵽھŽٺ͵ʮ٣ж¡
ĿǰļҲǵ٣Ժʩչ߽٣δǽȴѾ˺ѿռ䣬ڤһԺ֮Ϊδ֮˼ǽûжʱ򣬽ɵĹȴǴδԽһҲ˵߽Ѿʱ䣬˵Խʱ䣬ֻǳԽʱ䡣
Ŵѩ˵ŵʱԺ֮вԾֳǵһ
ҲһᶨԼ뷨
ҲһŹΡ
ʱ˽˶û뵽һ˹ξȻԺйϵ
ֻЩѾǳ
ݿָȻоԼٶѾ쵽˼£Ҳ֪˵٣һٶﲻ
Ŵѩ˵ལķܶǲ룬ݿĺ
һθܵѧϰȤŴѩνִȻš
ݿɣ
һϤ졣
ݿһǵ˵ͷ
ҸոյҶӰϢ֪ƾΪŲȡҵĽ㡣컺˵ȻˣҾͲ׷ˣ͵͸ˣƾҺúţ𶼸ˡ
áõġݿЩܳĸо
УףҸ˵ţ΢΢һЦ뿪ˡ
ͬʱһطλҲϿΣһ͵
ؼǻСѧĿγ̡


1718 
СѧĿγ̣ϸ˵Сѧ꼶Ŀγ̡
Ͽεѧȫ񾳽Ϊ
ЩѧͻƵɾ磬вŬ
λΪʲôѡ뵽СѧΣҲ˼֮žġ
ҪһԭǸвǽɾʦвҲв٣ֻСѧûôɾʦ
ǻӦױ֡
ţǾôġ
˭֮ǰҶϿΣڶµúܡ
ÿεγ̣ǻγ̣ҲֻһǻһǷ
һÿеѧѾ˯λȴľζȡ
ΪһͨΣѾǾΪˡ
ǸоԼЩĻȥˣȻߣȴֻ֪սȫִ֪߶ʩչ
¿ˣ󲿷ѧ뿪˽ҡ
ʣûߵѧԿʦڵһЩϰ̽֡
ͺһ䣬еˣֻڿʦʩչķһ¾ͳһ
ʱ˷ܼˡ
ţ쿴ʩչˡ
ʱûע⵽¶ȸ˺üȣ˶
ɲôçײһ֪ãע⣬Ǳ֪͵εģǿɾˡ
ëߡ

һҲǷӦ˹
ֵСߡ
ôôС򡣡
ѧԺ˭ĳô
Բǳ㿴ĸﻹʩչģҲһС֡
С֣
⻰һ˶Ǻľ˹
λߣֻоǰһڣٳֵʱѾһ˵ϡ
ǿƵˣǸڿεʦ
ǼǵʦʲôţǷѩΪôֻʥɾ磬ûȡ
Ůˣ㿴ʲôСҳ㡣
Լץв
Ļû˵꣬ѩָһͰöᡣ
Լ±ˣ뷴ȴǱ¡
Ǹ˼ֻ·͵εġһɲ˵ʲô˷ѩĻҪĳˣҪƬ
СߣҽС߰ɣȻ˵˼ѩ룬ûȥвԻ֪λѧԺϢҲǰӺСǰİɡǻ˵ˣôûлΣӱôСѧһЩ֮
ΣΣ۾һ
ⶼӺСʦûнǣξǱ仯Σӵ壬ıؾ֮·ǸıԼС߼򵥵ĸıԼ״ֻ״ı䣬ǱΪˣҲвġһѧʱ̲ס
ͰǾˡ
Ȼôɷô
ΡΣ
ıС
ʮﳤ䣬ǴҲûжô
Οߴ½ѧԺ֮УǷǻûġ
ؼ壬˽ɾܿ˵ʵǿӵ
һʱ˼ͶֿԸıСɷôҲҪѧ
ֱǾ
ǻ£ˡ֪ϾҪ¶ڣȴһβȰѰ˳ȥȻԼҲ˷ѩƣת۾ܵĲټˡ
֮
ʱ棬ݿÿֻҪʱȥΣȥ֮˷ܵĺƾԼϿεĵá
ƾʱоݿɲѧԺѧǹ͵ġ
棬λ෽ѰңҵνӺСɵ
Ǽޱȣɵ
С糿һţС߳ſڣ˶סˡ

Ͱͬʱ˵
֪ΪҵӺСɵ׾ʲôǻκͱεѾˡ
㣬ĺóߡ
Сະֱǰǵͬ࣬߷¶ǣ߾ðƻô
ãѾаźóȫҶó
ʱɵһɽ֮Уֻһﳤİ߷˹
ֳȵİߣλޱȣͲһˡ
߷ţֱǶ
ﳤİǰγһŮӡ
Ȼǰӣꡣ
⡭
Կ֮ȻﳤİӣһԼǰ
λˣ˶ˡ
찡ǻ֮ĻҪһҪѧ


1719 Ǻݿ
һ߹Ҳ˺Ͱ
˼С֡
˵ţһкͰ͵ģģôһ㾹ȻԿԡ
λһϲǴģǻ֪ǵݡʵҲ֣ǸյѧԺͱҶʮֳСߣҪȻʮﳤŪѧԺ֪ˡ
ǡҲ֪ԼǴġߵʱɲܱ¶ݡ
Ҳ֪ԼģѵѧԺ֮ȻС뵽ʲôЩϲɫ
ѧԺ֮ʵ̫ˣѧԺ֮е֮١
СʱҲ۾һúֿܡ
һѾĿɿڴôҲ̫Բ˰ɡ
찡ǲ̫ƭˡ
ѧԺʦѵǵϸ
λ֪ˣѧԺ֮˿Թ˵Сˣǰߺߣǻ֪ʦƶΪСѧԺ
Ҫô
š
λ͵ͷôѧ֮
ǺãԺǾסɵϰɡ
꼸ûôǣС飬ȻǼõ顣
СҲǵ˵ͷúܲ
λ㣬ǡǸжĿĿɲﰡ
ʲô
ѧ֮
ҧҧƴˣֱӾ˵ԼĿġ
ʱɵˣⲻǰ׳ôôֱӾͰǵĿ˵ˣⲻǱ¶ô
СС㻹̫ˡ
ǿźӣС඼Ц
Цʲô
һΪʲô£ǻ֮ôǶǾǲ˵ҺͽҲǵġС룬´ʲôֱ˵ֱֱȥĺáҸǵʱҲǺһܻΣǵ⡣
ôĿѧԼԼĶ䣬˸ְ취Ѫⶼаû뵽ҪԼһſڣԷʹӦˡ
ʲô˰
Щ±ƣǲ̫ϷˣûеʲôҪô
һ֮
Ͱ̵סС࣬Ҫڻ֮
ϾǵʱҲడλԺǿ϶Ҫ뿪ˣʮа˾Żᱩ¶
ʱҪǻѧ֮ҪЪˡ
ãҽ̣ͽǡСЩЦãҪѧϰ֮Ҫ֪Ϊ
λ࿴ţһֱС˵Ҫ˵ʲô֪Ӱ
ǵģνʵһ࿪ǣѾóС໺λ±ƵӣЩΣһǻۣʼҽԼǿ
ͣ粻ء
Сӻ㲻˺üʮ˵λ֪ޣԼ޵

ʱȥת۾ǹȥܡ
Щ棬ƾѾд꣬ʽۡ
ݿôÿƾȥѧԺĹΣϲĻŴѩĿγ̡
ŴѩĽܴҲҪ׷ٵļ¡
ԣӦǵ١
ԴŴѩһ˹֮ŴѩҲûпڶùΡ˵ŴѩֹʱǼʮſһΣʧ
ʵȥһŴѩôԼĵٵõ
ֻǿϧֱһλѧʦѧԺѧȻЩûʸ
ǡ
һƾȥˣ֪ƾȥʲôǻڵļˡ
֪ƾĸĸ
أƾûдƾ˵һѵԭ򣬻˺ܶСȻܲġ
ŴѩϹεɵһ
ڻζŴѩϿʱʾֲֿ٣ҲֻЩġ
ģŴѩƣôԼĵٶûκεӡ
ƺڵΪٶѾļޣ޷Խż
˲ϵģţһСʱСʱת۾Сʱȥ
УûзһСʱ֮ǰи·ԱߵĻ̳棬ȻĿ
ˣǡ
ջصѧԺҪԼ칫ҵģżȻһס˽Ų
⵶жҪ⵶ɢ뿪ɵֲˡ
ĻΪѧԺѧҪͽһ֮ȴǿһİףѧԺѧ棬ûҵݿɵ֡
е˼
Ǿ;۲ݿɡ
Ȼһ˲õ飬ݿɾȻźǼ츳츳һһϵɶûжӵС
۾һԼǲȻѧԺ֮һ츳ôߣȻѧԺѧˡ
ⲻͶô
ǾǷЦݡ
ݿǵôоȻ̺һ˿ŴѩĽӰӣ۾һ
ֹȥ˰Сʱݿͣ
ʱ˿ΧһصҶмùΣʱ֪˴
ƾ˵ѧԺĻľƻȻɶҪ⳥ġ
һ죬Լⲻ𣬻ǸϽˣҲƾ̵ġ
ȻЩ£ϹĻҲû
ݿɾߣǻվλͬѧʹô뿪ˣ
ݿһһоǱ˷ˡ
ͷһͿڻ̳ϵǣ˿̵ЦеĿ
ңҲǹġ
ݿޱȣ˼ѧԺƻ˶Լߣץˣ˵βΡ
Ƕˡ
֪㲻ǹģ㿴˶ٵֲĸ꼶ģʲô֣֪ʵ
ҡǸв꼶ģҽпݡݿɳ˼һ£ھǵʱĸоǲܸƾ鷳㱨һ֣ˡ
ɵݣֲǵ˵ͷ
ݿס˭ɵˣȻݿɣұļҲɵݰ
Ǹɵݰ㿴ŪЩҶٻĴҲ˵ģѧ֣һˡװģóһСдһ֡
ݿ֪϶Ǽˡ
ЩϲѧԺв꼶ûнɵݵģ㰮ǾͼǰɣѵҵҲɡ
̫ˣƾһҵġ
֪ˣ´βˡݿװڵӣǲ֪ںƭԼˡ
Сӣܲʵ
Ҳ֪˭ѧġ
Ǹҿôݿɳ˼һ£Ǿ뿪Ϊ
ôʲôҸոտֵǣǵ澹ȻѧԺʦĽҿ˸СʱƺЩҪ찡Ǿǿһۣȴ֪ӦԿϹϰһ룬һӾ˵ݿɵĿϡ
ݿɾȵĿǣһѧԺʦǲǣ
ǵǡ˵ţһɨѣѧԺɨصģŪЩҶľҪȻһġ
ɨصģݿϸ˿ǣ˵ʵûпѧԺʲôɨصıࡣ
ǵģôѧԺҪ˸ɨɣҾǸˣԳƺΪɨɮЦЦ
ɨɮݿɵ˵ͷȻɨɮ壬һ۾ܿҵĵʦĽǲ֪Ҹô
ݿ룬ɨصı಻ѧԺʦһӦÿ԰ɡ
Ҫһˣʵȱһָ㣬ڶе㼱˵ĸо
Զһ
ģ
ǵȻұϾѧԺɨ˼ʮĵˣôҲѧԺİʦˡ
ݿһ
ʱڴĿǣϣܸһ¡
ѾͷʵҾ͸㽲ϾҪǻɱƻЩֲ϶ֶԸ˵һһܵÿ졣˵ţݿɶʱ첻ѣ˵ˣǶϹİ
ǲ
һλɨɮҪָԼˣü
ŴѩʦĽ׷ٶȣ书Ψ첻ƣһеĺľ׷ٶȣûʽһ˵õʽٶһС䵽ÿһ˵ȫͬģŴѩʦһýһõͬʽǲͬһֱģǴش
ô
ǵȻ˵۾ֱӻӳһҪô࣬ʲôÿǡʶӳһӦþ㷴Ӧ죬ٶĵʽ
ô
ţھͿԣסҪô࣬Էſգʶһ
ãԡ
ݿ˵ţ۾ϣȻһޱȵĿ
Ȼһն˳
һֱǰӿȥʿӽһɾһȴǲźۼѵΪһ壬ﵽһ˵һľ硣
ԼҲоˣ¶˲֮ɫ


1720 Ժļ
ٶıˣȻûоĸо˶٣ʮ֮һ
ҪСʮ֮һٶȵ˼֮ٷ֮һǧˣʮ֮һˡ
ʱǧ֮һٶʵĶ֣һɵѹһ
οʮ֮һ
ݿԼҲоˣٶʮ֮һս֮һ
Ǻܴûսȴһأ˵ȥ֪жວˡ
ؼ⻹Ǳָ䣬ʦǡ
ˣǣ˶ǳ˳ݡ
Ŀôô
ֲƾ˵ѧԺһĵطҪȻôһɨصģ
ﻹʥذϧѧԺѧ
ôˣܾô
ЦЦʵʲô㱾ӵֻһֱûбѡ
ݿɵ˵ͷ˵̫ˡ
ɲΪûӣֻǷǱ
ǰǽأ
ݿɿĿǣø
òһָԼˣЧôãǲɨصģܷŹˡ
ãҼ˵˵Ƿɨ㣬ʺϵĻӵ֮ϰߡԣϰߣʲôʱʲôĵˣʲôطܻӳһ˵򵥣ףΪҪϰϰߣհֻӵʽ䣬֮УΪһ֡
ݿһ£ȻǲȫעԿ״̬ٻӳһ
ʱϰٴβܳɹһΡ
ʱҪľһζ޷ɹ
ϰߺҪ
뷨ǸˣƼ򵥵ĵȴ̺Ŵǻۡ
ϰ֮Ƿķ
ǼѵĻӵ㿳һҲÿһζܿ׼Ŀ죬ûӡ
ݿһҡͷҵΪʱô󣿡
⻰Ц
ΪӣͲӣ˭ġ
ҡ
ݿϸ룬û˸˵ֻԼΪġ
ǳʶ
ɣҸһܳһӡսʱʱһڱʱ򣬿ԷӳԶΪһɹɱԷ˵ʱ˵ΪôûаɣΪʲôô࣬ǲ̺֮е
ݿɳɵˣȫ˵ˡ
ҲǾսӶ̫ˣʱֹ࣬ЩΟ߶ʱ򣬷ӳԶ
ô£
˵򵥵㣬ʱһ˵ľ־ѪеһжȻںϵһ飬һȻࡣ⣬˵ֵ֮ʩչʱЩеĿܴǱ״̬еĿܸڳĺȣʩչм֡
ݿϸ룬е
е㲻ģʵǰ˵ЩǱ״̬⣬˵ĳܰɣ
ܣЦˣǺܿܣȵپٸӣһ߲ʵĵˣңѧԺԺҰεǸңԼʮɵܷӳɣ
ݿɫ΢䣬Լ뵽Ǹ龰
ǰѧԺԺ϶Ƕ֣ԷһָͷΪɻҡ
ʱ֪УԼҰεôǸҰεܷӳɵΪʲôΪԼη壬ԼˣԼʱԼĺȡ
ǰҶˡ
ݿʱ򹧹һЩǳǸң˭Ժֵĵˣ߶Ӧһֱǰη֮ģһնȥǾԼһһ
ĵ˵ͷһӿɽ̵ӡ
ǰ
Ļеˡ룬һȫԼȫ˷ĳֻ򵥵һʺԼһһֱһȥڵˡ
ţ
ݿɵˣô࣬ô
Ϊ㹻ء
ˣ̰ã˵ʱٸ㽲ôǻ˻֣ǲٽˡ
ǰ˵еݿ룬ΪҲ֪ԼŶкóһ룬ȷʵ̰ãǰԺһô
ҲǲԡֻһɨصģҲˡ
ǰȻһɨصģԵԶһи֮룬ǰΪʦ
ΪʦһЦҿһɨصģ㿴ˡ
֪ģҲ⡣ݿ룬ϡ
˼ȻԸһѧԺɨصΪʦǺãҾΪˡôһе֪֮ģ㵱ˡ룬ƺܲ
ӣ
ݿɻ֪Ӻ͵ʲôͬͶǰһݡ
ҾȻеˡ
ţ̲סϳЦݡ
˼
ѧӣ
ţܲ


1721 Ůѣ
ݿһᣬǺȻȴյһϢ
Ϣݣϳ˼֮ɫ
ôˣ
ѯʵ飬Ȼȥ
ݿɵ˵ͷЩϲţϹȥҳԷҺܸˣĺܸˡ
ЩЦãϹˣؼҳԷʲô
ɵŮ̫ˡ
ɵݣôҲҵļӣһ˵ţڿһ㣬ֻгһѧ֤Ķϸһºѧ֤ȣЩͬġ
ô˵أݿɵƬ
ϢдţɵݣѧԺӣʦһдɨɮ֡
ɵ֣ݿɺˣôɵô
ʦʲôݿɳ˼һ£ΪѧԺѧ֤һʦֻһѧԺɨصģʸԼһѧԺѧ֤˵ˣѧԺеѧҲɾ磬ҲҪ
ұѧԺѧ֤ģҵĵӰЦЦ㿴ôѧԺѧ֤
񣬾ѧ֤һݿһ˵
ǿЦãܲô
ҾѧԺѧ֤ҲģЩѧһѧĿɶ۵ʦġ
ݿɵһѧ֤ȣǿǲԶˡ
ˣ㻹¡
š
ݿˣȻȲȻصƾɵ
Ǳ߰Ѿڵˡ
ݿߺǿǰݿɿһصľεҡҡͷ
һӣǱľҶȫһķɻصϣһоʱڵһ
ָоô˵أǹ޸˲ιһ
ӲеľȫԭһоûзһӰҲʧˡ
תۣǻصԼİ칫ҡ
ԺˡѾڵˡ
ţںսŪһ㶫һ·ѧԺʲɡ
ǡӦȻͿӸһָ
ʶ򵥵ɨһۣ񽢾ʮ֮࣬ıԴ׸ǲ
ҪǱ˼һƶҪְ졣
Щֱһƺȫʲôö
ڵǣôƴô
ѧԺʲĲֿ⣬ЩĽԽԽֿ࣬ⶼʮ֮ࡣ
ѧԺʲԶ˵˵Ǹɵй̫СѧԺˡ
Ժǽ档ʱ˵߷ݡ
ɨһۣһݣȴûд򿪡
ʵǵҲйһµ˽⡣
˼һ£ʵ˭ֵѣ
ƾ
룬ͨ߸˵棬ƾȻΪߵģʵǿģȴǱõģ˵Οߴ½鶼һִٳɵġ
Ŷ
ǵ˵ͷȻһһķ˵档
濴֮۾Οߴ½Ժ֮ǷŵӰһһ顣
ƾĳɼΪB-ǻڣֵǲԽ˵ˣ㣬һ㶼֪Žͬѧַ㣬ȻһֱԸҲǹϵһ㣬Οߴ½ʱȴҲûԼͬѧ˵ˣѾΟߴ½õôĺôҲҪҽʲôˡ
Ժˡ룬֪ľͬѧ֮以ƾǱֵĲȴǷǵĽɣأ
ԭB+ȫB
㣿
š
ǵ˵ͷһAûиȥΪɵĲɫҪǾķԣһŽᾫûУȫһɢɳһ𣬼˵ǻۣΟߴ½϶ɻҪá
ǹǵĽأ
һаѧԺĹ涨ΟѪ棬λͷѪ֮󣬾Ͱƾ뷨ȥ䡣
۵˵ͷȻ뵽ʲôԺλڰСʦɵϣѧϰ֮
ﲻ֪
ʵûλѧϰ֮϶ͱѧԺץġ
ҸǵĽЦЦˣһе飬λĻ֮Ҳѧؼʱ򣬾֮ڴҰɡ
۵˵ͷҪȥš
ˣʱɵһ
ɵݣ
ǸɪŮƾδšǼ򵥵˵

ǵģѾӡ
⻰۶±ˡ
ԺôȻ˵ӣȻֻǼӣ̫Ҳûд߳
찡Ƕôһ飬ô赭д˵˳
ĺô
ҪѧԺ֪ͨȻλʦףһ
ʲôһһˡɵ츳Ѿ߾ΪѾѧԺ󣬲ȻǴѧġ
ѧ
۸ˣʲôô
ģһ˾͸ѧԺôһϲĺô
ˣŸʲôô
Ժԡ
˴Ĵָ˵
ЦЦһȥǱݿɸպõƾĸĸ
ƾĺʱУϰһžʵ˵ӡ
˵СƺưŮѣƾɵĿ˿ݿɣȻԥľ;סƾĶ䣬ѵ˵Ҳգ㳤ҵôƯŮѣ˵ɣǶǮģ
⻰ԶѧԺǸոնˮһڲˮˡ
ԱߵܻСЩϧǿжƷĲҶһһ鲻ྦྷ
Ժڱﰡ


1722 ߵƾ
Ƿ˲豭뵽ƾȻһλƷ衣
Ůѣģ
ôôǿƾӣ˿ҷﻹۡ
Ǻǣ㶼һˣ۸ƨ
ҪģѧԺ֮ܰ
裬㣬㰡Ҷ䶼Ҫšˡݿɣ裬治ģԩԩ
ƾĿݿɣίˡ
費һֱϣҸŮôڰŮѴˣôˡ
ΪݿɳƯ
Ҳûôðɣ̫ˣôһ衣
̣ʲôģ
ݿЩǵСƾ趼ˡ
ԣָˡ
СƺưԱݵͦô
ƾ˵ţЦƾ﷢оԼҪˡ
Ȼˡ
ƾΰúõһôӣǶж಻Ρ
裬ˣ֤֤ݿɲġ
ƾæǲôҿ֤
ԣǿ֤ġ
ģʲôµġ
ƾ⻰ɿƾĶ䣬ϾĿƾǺã֤
ƾ˿Լϰ֣˼ոҲ飬˭֪ϰ̯̯֣һĪӡ
˼Ǽ㻹֪ҵĵλ˵ʲôʲô㿴ʲôá
װ޹Ͻ֤ɡ
ƾһﰵһϰ֣ұ㡣
ҿҪ֤ˣǿšƾϰ裬ߵݿߣȻݿɶܾ֮Уԥһʽʪǡ
ƾϰ趼Ǿˣô
찡ǼҵǸС쵰ȻôƯŮôܡ
ðײôˣһԼ

ƾ֮󣬱ݿɣЩôҪģܸ
ƾϰֺ軥࿴˿ת˹
ʱƾϰֿƾ΢΢ҡͷƾ뵽ʲôЦСƺưҲ㱻ƭˡ
ƾ±ƣʲôв㱻Ҹƭˣָʲô
Ҳ֤ô
ʲôΪʲôЩˡ
϶ǼǮˣԲԣ
ƾʱ򼸺һһ˵ƾϰҲͷ
׻˵Ǯʹĥ㲻Ǯ˼ס
˵ɹǼҺƾһڣ˶Ǯǳٷôշѵģ㻹ṩʲô񣿡
ƾ⻰һͷײ˷ǽڡ
ͷײȥˡ
Ȼһ壬˵ײǽˣײˡ
ƾֻ뾲ڲϵظԼⲻҰ֣ⲻ裬ħ
ôʶˣͷǽˣûˡ
һ۾ʶСӵĹơ
ǵȻ˵ҸУҲҸһģҸϵŮ㵱Ұ׳հ
ҹСӾ԰һ£ο϶ҪǮ
һڣҲˡ

ƾϰһһƾܸʲô
ҵײǽһһΡ
ϰ裬˭Ҫ˭ߣ֪Ҳؼҵԭô
Ҫܲϰ裬ڼұţҵţȻҪ˵ġ
ˣˣȻⶼˣǾһԸɡ
ƾϰֿԱʼϲˣƾ˹СҲǵģ´βôˡ
ƾϰָ֣оô˵Ǻ޲ˡ
ȻƾǮˣǳԸɡ
Ŷõġ
ݿɵ˵ͷҲ֪˵ʲôãһμѸĸô͸оЩ졣
ǵģر졣
ƾһĳŷǲϵʳζٺãҲƷζˡ
ݿɵǺܸˣƾĸĸΪģǶҲܿвˡ
ţһǶϿɡ
ţҵõδŵϿɣҹȻǺƾѡеӡ
ƾųԵĺܻݿɣﰵһɵﰡ
һٷ꣬ƾݿȲľҪѧԺҪѪˡ
裬һҪȻѧԺˡ
ȥɣпնУѧԺʱ򣬼ס˵ûУ򲻹ܣܲ취ؼʱҪѧװӣҪ¶ˡ
֪ˣ衣
ƾ˵ţԼЩ
Լ谡Լģ˵ȥ˭š
Сӣʱˣ㻹ݿɻѧԺ
ƾϰֵ˵ţЩΣǸƾҲûˣϷ̫ˡ
ƾãһ붼ͣƿռʹݿɻصѧԺ
ƾİǲǲϲң
ݿ룬ʵûи׵ʲôƾΪʲôߵô졣
ƾЦãǲϲϲĹͷˡ
һ·صɵ쵽ɵʱȴҶӰ
ҶӰƾݿǣ֣ЦЦߺȣֶǣˣ˵ûм顣
ƾ⻰ʱֱ
ʲôм飬Ͳ˵ãҶŮҿҶŶԡ
ݿɣȥˣҶӰƾĲ˵ҲƾֱӰĿͶݿɣݿģϧѧԺѧȻһݿɼŮˡ
ŮˣȱݿŮ
ҺͺƾİԷȥˡݿҶӰǺкøеģһ·Ѿˡ
ⶼĸˡҶӰݿ˴Ĵָ
Ҷ㣬Ǹ֪ʲô˼ôΪʲôҺͺƾİԷʱǷҪ˵ģǺƾǮһģݿ룬·ƾģƾûشڿԼȽ׽ҶӰ̲סͿʵ
ģ㣿ҶӰ˰죬Ȼ˾ǹЦ
ƾоûˡ
ҶŮ񲻵Ƕ࣬һԣƵڶѧԺᴫķзġ
Ҷ㣬ôˣݿɻЩô¡
ƾôϢ˵˵
˵ƨҰ϶ݿģһٷԵҶɱƾݿɣߣҪŮࡣ
ŶҾҶܺðݿɺܵ˵š
øƨߣߡƾֱһķԼɵ
ɾʱҶӰں溰ƾĳɼˣϲ㣬ɼ
ƾ￩һ£ͷҶŮ񼸺˵ֵô죬ô
ƣ㾡ܺơ
ҶӰ֪ƾţЦȥԼ֪ˣǴˡˣһ飬֮ԺҪλݿҲټС
ʲô
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ݿôԺķۣܰ
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Ժλ⣬ΪʲôҪݿɣ
֪ҲΪݿǶɪŮԺΟߴ½ĸֻ붫ɪкܴϵġ
ôǾͿˡ
ƾΪǵ˵һԵݿɻε״̬
ʲôԺȻټλʱ򣬻Ҫټ
ܼ˵еѧԺԺǽţЩϾλԺǴһĴڣûѧԺʱѾͰλѧԺԺһλʥߡ
ˣ㻹ǸϽȥɼɣԺһ˼Bǿİ
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ƾţǲŵģҶӰɼԹ
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򿪣ֻڳɼһBʵ̫Ŀˡ
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ΪʲôҵBѾôˣԺϹ㰡
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ƴҡҡͷ֪ǻþ૵һЧô
ҲǴϻ֮ˣ˼
һһΪԼֵĲϸһʹˣϣȷʵЩˡƾţҲǰʡһ¡
ʵЩͬѧ㶼Щųġ
ɹһ㣬ˣȴΥѧԺľԺBǲǹˡ
ʵⱾǺܺõһλųĻᣬȴǱ˷ˣϧġ
֮ĸңҲѾˡ
ϣҹɫˮ
ݿڰǽڵķ
ƾ俴ʱ򣬷ݿһһһɵһںҵţʱ
ݿɣϹʲôƾֹݿɡ
ƾ㿴ôʵҽѧԺһѧԺɨǰָҵĵݿЩ˷ܵ˵뵽Ƕָ㣬˾ǿһһ㡣
⣬ƾЦҿǱƭˣǵô
ǵҸоԼʵݿɼֵˣ͸һӣԺҾļء
㻹ǸɨصΪʦƾ˶ˣ˵ɵﰡ㻹ܸһôأҿ
ţݿɰļ˳
⣿ƾ˿Цܸһôɨɮ֣֪ǳôһӾһǸɨɮŴѧԺ˼ͼݵĹݳͼݣҲɨء˵֣Ȼɵݣֱ㣬㱿ôߣһ֪ôˣǸ쵰һǹ㡣ԣǸ쵰϶֪ҵĹϵʵģһġ
ݿɵۣô
ƾߺߵĸǸһƬý겻
Ǳ˵ԼŮģֱҶӰЦһȻ֪ԼɼȻB
ڣȻַԼŮѱ˶ˡ
УĶˣݿɵˣԼһҪҳ衣
֮󣬷ѧ̳棬Ȼһһٲྦྷ
ʲôѰˣ
Ҫҵӵˣ衣


1723 ޵ʱ
ƾѧԺҲǷˣһȻȻ󲨡
һٲྦྷֲεĿϣһĸһ꼶ѧǻĶġ
棬Ѿ۷׷ס
ǿӣȫģǵѧ֤ģǲϸΪѧԺѧ֤ء
˭ôӣȻϷŪƾǿӻŮѣҸоҪǱҳһᱻͷ
ȵȣʲôʱƾҵŮˡ
ǰƾʲôƾҲ˧ҲȫһСˣǶûŮѵģƾʲôŮѡ
첻

ƾӣЩ⡣
ȻɫܲǸʲôһٲྦྷǰǸ׵ģھȻڱҵŮѡ
Ⱥ쵰Ǽʡ
޺޵Ĺӣƾֿ˿ݿɣɴȥˡ
ڶ죬ѧԺÿţͷͷƾƾԱ߶һݿɡ
ͼƬϣƾݿǣ֣ʱĵͼƬ
ƾͼƬҧҪҧˡ
캧ţѧԺѧ꼶ѧƾŮѻؼңȻĸΪġûģ
⣬ƾ֪˭ɵġ
Ҷɡ
ҶӰŮħͷ࡭ƾͨҶӰĵ绰ھǴ
⡣ҶӰո𴲣ƾ˻𣬺бҰҾŮ˵İ칫ҡ
衭ȥƾ˰죬ҧгݵ
Ů˵Ű칫ʲôطҪȥˣƶǴŮѻؼǵˡҶӰٸһšϾѧԺϵģ˭ܵŮ˵ˣŮ˵ļλ糤
ԭܼ򵥣˭ȫУٷ֮ʮϵӶŮ˵ġ
Ǹǲ
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ƾһȻĺݣֻĺʮַŭ˵õһĵϵģ㾹Ȼ͵͵Ůѣ˴ƾǿˡ
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Ƭֻ֮ԭûǸⲻصô⻹ǳ顣ֻе㲻ˣԣ˵ŮѵģʱΪô죬϶ҲŮѡ˭뵽㾹ȻҵŮѣ˭ţǸɵݵģôƯôͻݣûˡƾʲôҵŮѣҲܣ
ƾҵı£ٸһݿɵ׷ңҲΪѵĲŽ
⻰ĺݵ౻ݺݵһ
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ǸɩӻнôúýҲаܽܰɩӶôƯɩӵĽÿ϶Ҳɡĺʱת˵̬ȣʼ
оһѹƾҵŮѣҲܵ˰
ƾޱȣݿɣʱкʵģһܡ
磬Ƹ磬ҵ¾ͰˡĺĵƺԼжһ
˵˵ƾ˵绰Խӵ
һӣݿɵƬų֮Ѿǵ¥ˡ
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ƾſžȻЦⶼǼʣļʡ
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ҲһһҪǹҪϷŪݿɣԴҪң϶׼˲ڳ֤ƾ룬Ȼȥĭ
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ĭͨ㲻顣
ԣõѪһ롣
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ȻûݵκѶϢ֮У鶼ûзڲڵ¼
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ĭһ¶һĨЦݣɱҵݣѧԺѧʦſƾΪѧԺλѧϷˣһʹˡкϷˡ
ǵİ칫֮Уֹ
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޵ʱ򡣡
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Ǻðɣᵶݿ룬ȥˡ
ƾţǺﰡ
̸ʱͻȻŮѱˣʲôһָܡ
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Ҫ־͹Ǹ쵰ôͰݿɺסˣĻˡ
ֻһݿ淢һȤĵطǾݿɵĵƺе㳤ǰȺ˲١
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ѧ˻֮Ļƺȶʱ°ߣϰˡ
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ڰ͸ˣϰߣ°ˡ
С࿴ãγĹȫǼһЦһΡ
˭֪·ϰȴһͷͰĹﵽʲô⡣
֪ģΪʲôء
֮ǶѾȫˣֻڻ֮һԻΪΡ갲οֻֿ˿ģٴЦˣȥϰȥɣҪǰһЦ
ҲǣЦˡСҲǵ
λΣʱ䣬ҲҪȥѧԺԺˡ
ë߰ɡ
ãǻѾȫˣѾҪˡ
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һҪŪһ
ţǼѧԺԺ֮һҪ취Բܻȥ

λ˵ţԺ칫ҵķȥ
ͬʱƾݿҲԺ칫ҶȥͬʱҲǸ˹
һ·Ժ칫ſڡ
Ѿڵȴżˡ
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ǡ
ӦȻʼ̸
ƾ𣬴ػѧԺĴ˵ЦЦǸðĲɷһ£ڴһظǾ䡮ðײ˶ˡô
ƾǲҪĺĺô
ôѧԺķ˵ʱԭ˹Ȼ󻰷һתƾǻشҵʻţô
ۣҶӰһ̲סЦ
Цʲô֪ǼʣҵôƯšʲôðײ˶ˣҸǣҲҪײԸ⣬ǼݿŰײϲôˣʲôʻţϣݿʻԸţ࣬ôˣΥôôݿɣ˵ʲô⣿ƾߺߵ
ʱԾĿݿɡ
ݿ˰죬ȻƾΪʲôҪԼţࡣ
⻰ҶӰ˶ǴЦ
ҵɵﰡ
ظһӾͰƾ޵Ԩˡ
ƾ͵ͷײӣҲˣĲˣǶ۸ҡ
λԱߣȴǺ޴ڸС
ðɣȷʵûдڸУ˭Ҳֻʮֳ΢עҪǸڽŵˡ
ƾ˵˸ݿһżٵѧƣҶӰ룬ѧƿɾǵѧ֤˽ҪǱѧԺ֪ˣҪ
ߣҲ֪ϧҲ֪˭ģȻȱһ٣ȻͰ͵Ժȥһÿƾ޺޵˵ҲһԼԱúðҴһ£ҵҪĸһıӵȻǼݿɡ
ʱԱ߰Ц
ƾƾϣ㻹ôӲ


1724 ʦ̫
ʱɫһ䡣
յǵĴ԰λѧǵ칫ȥˡ
ȿȣԺѾصѧԺҽȥɡ
˵ţǰ·
ѧǻãλݿЩš
ǾܼѧԺԺС˵ѧԺԺʲôӣ᲻ͷۣ
ëǲɵôͷۣһͷ׷ǿ϶ģǸС˵õ˶͡
ݿҲƾԺһͷ׷Ǹߣ
ƾ⻰̲סЦ
һͷ׷Ժ֮ͻ֪ԺжᣬǿҶҪᡣ
ݿɣԺұ֤һġҶӰʱ˵ȻʮֱӵĿ˿ƾһ糿Լʦ
ߣҿƾûȥŮ˵Ű칫ңȻһҪƾÿ
Ǻǡ
ƾ˷ۣҶ࣬ǲԺҾͶԶ㡣
ʲô
ݿָָԺ칫Աߵļӣ澹ȻһĲƿǲƿƺжٶ
λҲע⵽ˣЩ
ԺղأĶǵԺķˡҶӰ
ˣݿɲţλҲĵһ
⻰ôô˵ģǲһ˵˻ҲᱻװǸСƿ档
찡ôСƿӣ˭Ըⱻؽȥ
ǵģеϲССһҶӰ赭д˵ţ֪ڻˣΪ󲿷ֵ˵ѧԺķ˶ؽ֮УȻѾΪˡ
ݿţ̲סЦ
ϰڵƿӣѵ˵ԺǵСô
ʱۺȻվ⣬ֻһ˴
ѧҲǿ⣬Ȼɫһ䣬
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˵ţɲ˿Ĳ
ݿɻûзӦӭ⳯濴ʵûеһϳǡ
ƾʧҲһ
ݿɵͷ̧ͷ
ˣˡ˵ţ߹ȻԼİ칫¡
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СĳԺ칫λõǿȥȻ̲סס졣
ʲôԺλϵĲָԼʦô
ô¡
ݿһ˶ˡ
Ȼ뵽ʲô
ʦֻѧԺɨصģԲѧԺԺһʦԺİ칫ҴɨȻðѧԺԺϷˣ
ԲЩ֮󣬻æǵʦѧԺԺҪˣҪðһͷġ
һɵĿ˿Χ±ˡ
ʲô˼
ҳλһ㲻Ӧ֪ҵô
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ⲻѧѵҾôԺҪͷȾô
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ʦ
ɶʱеϵƾ±ˣôһֺܲõԤС
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ģһġ
ƾоԼȻЩ뿪
ΪԤевõҪ
ǰҸ˵Ǹָҵɨɮݿɵ˵ͷǹðԺģƾȥ뿪ԺλȻԺĹˣʦͲˡ
ƾݿȥ
ԱߣҶӰѾ̲סЦ
ֻ˵һ䣬ƾҲн죬ҲòȥȻڼţҲѾЦ˻
ݿɣʦѧԺԺƾɥоԼѧԺĶҪˡ
ôܣݿһʱȫ֪
⾪ϲǲЩ̫ˡ
˵ѧԺԺĸʶһôôԼڻĪѧԺԺĵӡ
ȻֻǼӣǼҲǵӰ
λԱЩģǸʰΪѧϰ֮˶Ĺ϶ҪˣݿɳΪѧԺԺĵӣԺ󻹲ѧʲôѧʲôǸûȰ
ôʦˣǿݿɡ
ݿɲ֪˵ʲôãһµûвˣֻǡֻû뵽ʦѧԺԺ
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ǣʦ
ݿɵ˵ͷѾ֣ʾȥ
ݿ֮ǿƾƾ㲻˵ʲô
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ƾѧԺ̳һһ鲻ྦྷݿɵλʦִ˵ڹ
ںˣԺҪĹ㣬Բ㡣
Ժԭݿɵʦƾ˲ͷϵ亹һȻ˵Ҿ˵ݿɵĵΪʲôô󣬼ֱһһ쾹ȻѾԶԶسңֱ񼣡ҵʱأѵݿ츳˵ãֲǣȻ͸Եˡ룬ˣⶼݿλʦҲֻһλµأܣӢǻ˫ʦ̵ݿɲֻʱ䣬ڵһһܼ
ԱߣϡŻµ
Ц̲סҪˣǶôǿ˵Ļ
ôô̳˵ʲôںҽ̵ʲôţ
ԺԽ̵ݿɣݿɵĽҲĿõģôǺҽ̵ڻʲôˣǸǲܵ飬˭֪Ժػôܹ˭һж̳ſڿӣ˵˵ࡣ
۶ˣԼôݵô
һ£ҪΪƾˡ
ⱣֲڰƨûУԼ첻ͷˡ
ȻľôŹƾߵҿǷIDƺ֤ѧԺв꼶ѧƾ˵֣ǲЩϤ
ƾʲôƾƾһֵӣݼ˶ҪΪ֮ˣ֪ĻΪƾأǸƾһԴѽˣҲǽƾôǲ԰Ҹû˵ĻݿɽôҸмʦôڮ١ǵһ£ȥѧԺ̳һ£Ҷкü궼ûе¼ѧԺ̳ˡ
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ģݿһ˷ޱȣƾӦԺ̫ˡ
ҡƾĶˣһ鲻ྦྷǹһִ̳ģȫȱྦྷһ;һһ鲻ྦྷ֪ˡ
ʦ̫ˡݿæƾ˺Ūˣͷڹѧ
ҶӰ˶
ɵﰡҲΪƾİ˺Ūˡ
УΪڹѧ
ָ߶˾֣Ǹ֪׷ʲô
ԣ㲻ôµĻǾλ
ǵӣҲƾ˵ĶģԺҲʮֺͰ׵ġ
ˣô˵ˣһ㹫һ£Ժ֮ѧԺƾˣñ˭ҪԴǵ˵
ǣԺ
ʱҲҪ̫ˣѧԺ̳ҳѧԺſڵĹЩط֪ͨһ¾ˡֲƾҪѪͬʱطϢȫѧԺһЩ¼ھѧͻƵɾ磬ûʸ
ƨ£ȻҪط


1725 Ҫ߰
ʱվ˳ӦԺģһһٵĵط֪ͨȷɨѧԺĹ䵽ƾͬѧͷϡ
ĵ˵ͷҵ˼
ƾޣȷһ䵽ҵͷϣô
ƾллԺ
ҡ
ƾɥʵлڰ
ݿʱȴһ˷ܵվ˳ʦҴƾлл̫ˡ
ĵ˵ͷͽܺãʦСް
ţ涮ʦ
˵λ飬˵λأ˵ţŵϸ
ʱҲ׷
ʱֻλ
⣬أ
ģ
վȻͿԼ칫סӰСߡ
Ц˵λ
Ҳ̿
ͰҲΰǱʮﳤô䣬ȴôС㣬ԼоЩˡ
ЦЦһλİ칫ϡ
ѧԺԺ
λȫѧѧǵӣֲΣԵúǹ졣
ǵ˵ͷΟһѪҺǿѵõı˷Οߴ½ΟһҪ³ѧԺȻҲҪΟѪȴȡᡣѧǩѪЭ飬ȫûԺѪҺȻѧԺ߶һԼҪĶɡ
˵ţɳһݵӡ
涼ѧԺһƷҪľǲྦྷĻеҩĸƷ
λһ£ʵûпϸңû
ʱλЩɺˡ
Сûй
ⲻ֮еô˵ܲ⴫ĶѧԺóһ㹦ǣǿ϶Ҳǲġ
ô죿
ô죬ԭƻа취ѧԺͼݣȻŪ

ʱֻڵλʲôô
Ͱ˿ҡҡͷ
ĸҪЩƿƾǵĹޡ
ȻûǾôˡΪҪͷѪǰ׵ѪһѧԺһ˴λѧԺѧ
лԺ
Щ
ȻǰεģԤϵҪ಻Ѫ
ûµĻλԻΟߴ½ˣǻȥ˵ţһͳһȿռ֮š
ȿռ֮ţλʱɫ
Ǹȥ
ԺҪѧԺǲҪߡˣ˵ĹûŪأôܾôȥ
ȥȥȥ
ҲһǺҪ߰
һίӣ˶±ˡ
Ҳ֪ѧԺʥأôô
ǺɵĿ˿λΪʲôҪִѧԺ˵ɳҪ˵ңǼһʱҲǲԡ
롭˵ʲôһβ;ͱˡ
ë˵ʲôѵ˵ΪѧԺ
ʱɲ˵ʵ
ڨڨҪѧԺʳ̫óˣǡǻȥͳԲˣǲߡ
ţɺܲɡ
ѧԺѧ˵ˣѧԺʳǿʳ
˭ѧԺ޲ڣԸȥ
ǲЦֻΪǼ򵥣˸׼ʮʳǴŻȥɡ
ʲôŻȥ
ǻ뿪ѧԺôС
ӷɿתȻѿڶȻΪǡǻΪѧԺʦԣǳΪѧԺʦ
ҪѧԺʦ
ǲЦˣ˵ܽʲô
λһ£ʲôᰡûɶ̵ܽİ
ô죬ѵľҪô뿪
𵢸ˣٵһᣬ͸ϲĩ೵ˣҾǻȥ
𣬱𡭡
켱ˣǶô˵ô
λ˵ʵô
ʱ򶼿ȥˣ˳ѧԺ͵ѧ֮飬Ϊǲ֪
֮λ̲סһ
ô£ɶʱ¶ġ
ⶼҪˣ͵ѧ˻֮ǻ᲻ᱻƤ
Ժ
Ժ֪ˣҲˣǧҪǹؽǲƿ档
λŵСһڵɪɪ˶ɵˡ
ƺ֪һǺôĵӣȻ͵ѧѧԺĻ֮ѧûУ
ѧˡûУûС
æ˿̽ŵĲС
֪ԼǸ˵ѧˣûѧᡣ
ɣѧѧˣǻһҿεĺˣҾĹһΡ
ģ
λһ
ţʼɡ
λȻ˾ʼ˻Ρ
ǵǻγڣ˶ǹЦ
ֻλһϰߣ°˵ȣһ°ߣϰһ˵ϰ
ǻôҶ٣ǿɲҪƭҡ


1726 Ժ̫
Σô
ǰѻ֮ѧҾͷˡ
ˣ̫۾ˡεֹˣȥ¾ҪԵķ
λǾЦİɡ
ͰҲΰ˼ζŮΪʲô
ѵǻ֮Ĵ򿪷ʽԣ
λָǻ˻֣Ժһܻγɹġ
λܹ衣
ǿΧƺ˵ôԺˡ
Ժ˵ˣһܻγɹġ
Ժ׷ǵ͵ѧ֮ˣС
ʲа
ҪԺ󱻷ˣǾ군ˡ
ڳԺˣϽԺԭ¡
ЦԵЩ
ʱ򻺻λΪԼôѧ֮Ժ׿ϣСλʦɵˡ
λסˡ
ɶ˼ԺĬģ
ǿ˿ǣֻЦݣǵ˵ͷ
λʱЩˣǻΪԼݼô߳ƭѧԺôʦѧ
û뵽ͷβڹֻ
ΰ
ľУѵǵôô
ԺΪʲôĬѧϰ֮侲ѾЩ羴
һѧϰѧԺɷԺ羴Ź֡
ǳ˼һ£ѧԺһѧԺһյѧԺѧԺɷҲȫڲ֮أҪɵ֮֮֮أǾ͸ܱ䡣һЩɷ֮ģñȻֹ֮⴫ԺѧԺһЩɷȻҲǻģĵɷǱѧԺ
λţǾڷһ
̫ΰˣøж
ԺһǶҪɡ
ˣ֪ǻҪʲô˻֮֮⣬͸һ
Ժ̫ˡ
ͰޱȣҸǲ̫ͻȻˡ
Ȼô׾͵ˡ
⣬Ժÿ꣬ѧԺɳһλʦߴѧѧǰΟߴ½һռΟѪΪǽ֮ǼͶõ⡣
Οߴ½ôΟߣԺ幦ʵ϶һ޴
ʱ׵ѪȽ׸߲˵ΪǴеĻ᳹װѧԺΪһȫѧԺĺ
Οߴ½Ο߾ѧԺһ
λÿΪѧԺһָ꣬λΟߴ½ΟսʿѧԺͶ
ѧԺͶ
λϲʤѧԺ֮ΪѧԺѧˡ
ţǳΪ˽ӦҲѧԺѧɡ
˵ЩݿɣȰϴθó
ݿɵ˵ͷгӡ
ƾӣ˺ˣӺİ
ҸһϢ
ʱһ㣬ֻʦһɨɮֱˣ֮ѧԺԺǡ
ֻѧֻɵݣȴûиı䡣
ƾˣɶ˼
Ҳ̲סЦݿԺѧԺ֣Ǿɵˡ
ĺаȷʵЩɵģɵҲÿɰ
صݿɵУҵļӣԺÿᵥָһ죬ʱĻÿʮȥһŴѩʦ
⻰ЩĽˡ
ԺڿǺָˣָݿһ죬ѾĪˡ
ϾǿԺָ㰡
ʱֻһ˲򣬸˵ָһˡ
⣬ݿÿʮȥһŴѩ൱ڸݿһרʦ
ݿ䲻ѧԺѧȴҲʤѧԺѧˡ
ˣûµĻȥɡ
ǣԺ
һȺ˷׷׳ȥеζȫͬġ
е˺ܸˣе˺ܿհ
ñƾھͺܿգΪʦ˵ѧԺ̳ѧԺĹٷվѧԺĹڹѧ֪ͨ
һڹѧȻҪ֪ͨѧԺѧ±ˡ
治ǿЦ
ŪзʲôܿŮĳλ糤ѧ֪龭
ȻѧǾˣɵˣоҪˡ
ʲôǸƾŮѣݿɵĹʦҵˡ
ǱˣȻѧԺԺ
̳ƾۣ˶ˡ
ǻð
㲻ɨ˭ɨأԺҲҵǲ֪ôд


1727 ݿɻ
ѧǶˣȺ鼤ܰ
ƾɵ·ϣ͸оͬѧǿЩǾҪһשƵġ
Ҳΰ˭˭ˡ
ҪɨȥˣҲ޹ô
ϣƾѧԺ̳棬ڿжȻĬĬóһСЩ˵ֶϡ
ǺȻǰһ
дţԺΨһһλɵר飬ȥɣ
ƾⵯ͵شӴϱ
Ȼ۾ֿ˿ǵȷԼûпġ
ˣǷϵ˴ϣֻޡ
ר鰡ǿѧԺ̳ר鰡
ﲻϵţ뵽Լʮοͨר飬ǵõĻظʸ񲻹
ʱûʲôѧԺӵרѧҲͲʮ
ʲôŮݿɾȻר顣
⿪ʲôЦԼרģһѧԺ֮ӣⱾʹһϵ
ݿأƾʲôԼר鰡
ƾޱȣһվŹȥѧԺ̳ŵĺΪ
ܿ͵õ˻ظǻظоؿֱݺݵزһ
ֻԱظ԰ҪҲһԺʦҲ㿪һר顣ߣλͬѧԺӴʲô׳գ
ƾҪˣȻҰ׳ա
Ҫٱ㡣
ǵٴһվŵʱȴʾʵ֤
ʱƾˡ
ĻԣʵĻӡ
ʱݿɴ˹ƾ쿴յѧԺڲϢ˵ѧԺѾע˺ţһѧԺ̳ҽһרء
ƾţ鶯
ܲרôȥŮѡ
Ǹʲôר鰡
ݿɿźƾһ̵ӡ
ƾǺǣЩмרѧѧԺ̳˽˰飬ѧ˭İ飬˭ӵȨޡҲûʲô˲ģѧԺרѧȥ
ôƾ뿴רʲôӵģҳҿ
ݿɣʧȥҵġ
ƾ˵ţݺݵͷײײǽоԼˡ
ݿС۾գţƾȤҺϲ
ڶ졣
컹û˾ƾš
ƾȥһʦǸʦʲô飿
ۿƾ΢΢Ц
ֻЦôôأƾѾһֺܲõԤС
ɣʦԼǸİɡ
찡֪ͨô
Ȼʱֻۺƾͬѧϰˡ
ϰ࣬ϸëİడ
ڹѧôȥɨô
ô
ôǵˣѵԺΪ˸㰲εڹѧǿǷ˶ľҪ֪жҪ֪ĺ£Сѧѧֲֻء
ǺǣǺ£
ҾȻҺСѧѧȣ趼ҪΪѧˣȱһ鲻ྦྷ
˶ľҰڹѧǷ˶ľҰɡ
Ͻ׼һ£ϰȥ
۴ߴݹһɨһԱ·Ĺװ͹õĶȫպˣһ֮Ҫȥ
ƾеĽӹ˵Ҫȥһѻˡ
ʦͷһˣҪ
˵ˣ˭ԺԽĹ
ƾһ£һֻ۱һֻۣһԺԽĹȫʲô˵ˡ
˵Ժ˿ĬĬء
ɨɨô
ƾûˣֻôϱ·ɨʽϰࡣ
ˣÿ칤ʱǰ˸Сʱ˫գȫɵġѧԺּ֧Ӱ࣬ҪӰĻҲûмӰ๤ʵġ
ɵˣŻȥӰࡣ
ǾͺãΪ˷ֹ㹤ʱиĽͬѧ͸Ժһ̨ܻˡأ
˵ţָָͷϡ
ֻһƻܶԱ棬ƵСˡ
֮зţƾҽС壬ҪǲŬһԺŶ
ЩĽаƾҪˡ
ĽҺƲ
ƾԿ϶ĽΪֺԺġ
۹һЦת뿪ˡ
ƾεĳȥɻˣ֪һеѧѾڵȺˡ
һſڣȻϰѧӵ
ƾ˶ˣҪʲô鰡
ƾѧԺĲ֪ұŴɨѧԺȻˡ
ţãůġ
ʱ֪˭һƾҲн죬ɽ־ƭһ߼ϡ
ƾ㵱ȥǳ磬ұ̭ޡ
ƾ㻹ҵĵҩ
ƾݿҵġ

ֵƾɫ䡣
ҪˣĿôôܰ
Ҳݣп϶ĳģҸûеô˺òá
ȻˣֻЩѧȻһóһ飬Ȼǰ˺˷顣
һŵСֽ˷ѩһ
ƾȥɨɡ
ˣҾԭ㵱ҵˡ
ţҲǺܺ˵ġ

ƾоԼˡ
෴ݿǻˡ
ʱҶӰҵݿɣһܴ󵨵ľݿɳΪŮ˵ĵλ糤
ݰϢƾƾþ
쵽ڣҲ͵һ糤ݿҲǸ糤ˣ糤ݿŮ˵ĸ糤ûȰ
ҪȫѹԼô
찡ͲҪԼѩϼ˪˺ô
İ
ʱݿִϢ˵ѧԺĽʦҪԸɵ
Ұŵʦסɵǰʮġ
˿̵ƾֻһ˾Ҳݿɵ̫ˡ
°࣬ƾȥݿڷƺʲô⡣
ƾʱЩ˷ðݿɣǲǵùˡ
㵹ùҾͿˡ
ݿɣʲôôģ˵ҿĿġƾЩ˷ܵʵ
ŶģöѧԺѧʦȥͣǶ˵׼ʳСҪ͸ңڷ֪ȥĸݿ̧ͷʮֵ˵
ۣ
ƾǽԼӡ
ƾƾΪʲôҪôƵ⡣
ݿɻᵹùǱ˰
ڶûбȥͣ˵͸ԼСˡ
ʱֻݿɵͨѶǾȻŴѩʦԷһѶϢ
дţ죬ҽָ㵶֪Ϥ
ݿɶʱϲʤŴѩʦҪָҵˣ̫ˡ
ԱߵƾѾٴתݺݵͷײǽ
Ŵѩʦָûΰɡ
˺˵Ĳ࣬ʱı˺͹Ĳ඼뵱ŴѩԤԼ²Ϻš
డ治İ


1728 Ϲ
ڶ죬ƾŵʱͿŵŴѩ
ƾһԹҲ̫ڿ˰ɡ
ƾݿأ
ŴѩżɽֱӾѯʵƾʲô
ƾֲܴĸоָָ䣺档
ʱݿӦѸ˳Ŵѩʦˣ̫ˣһˡϴνùڽٵĹΣҺܴҲΪ뵽ҵĵ֮С
Ŵѩ˵ͷݿɹһЩҵҡ
Ҫ뿪ƾЩ˶ˡ
꣬⻹ң
滳Լˣǹ°ŴѩʦӦ˵Ļô
ݿĹΣ㻹ˣڸʲô
ڲأҪô
ƾȻ֪ѧԺʦִ˼ͬһԺĵôһһӣô
ߣ
иһƾˡ
ŴѩǵҪ˵ָݿһ죬Ǿָһ졣
ƾɨ°ȥŴѩѾˣݿԼŵ
ƾŴѩʦĽ⣬ҵĵ־ˡݿɿƾ˷ܵ߹˵
ҿˡƾε˵ţͱǰҫ˺ôѾǼСŮ˰
ؼҲһҵĸܡ
ĺܴ˰
ƾոյһѶϢܲģҪҵǵĽԱݿ˷ܵнܸߣ˵һءҴӦˣԺҲǮˣʱҿ㡣
ƾʱҪѪˡ
ң
ɶ˼ҵСô롣
ҵϡ
˵ҶͻƵɾˣΪʲôһֱûյ롣
ģǸӣȥ顣
ƾôˣݿɿƾɫϱ仯ʵֲɵ֪Ϊʲôֻһֱû˵ѡ
û¡ƾεЦЦ
ϹݿɺȻĵƾȻ󻺻رס֪ģʵ㲢ǺϲңѧԺ֮ӣԺǰ;ֻһλС˵֪Լ䲻㡣Ƥ񣬷ҪѧԺҲ·ϵһͣܿͻһɶ
ƾһݿɵϹ嶼һ
Ȼһĸо֡
Һܱ΢ϲ㡣ݿɻ˵ţǾϵ¶ԶһһŬԼܹġ
Ŵѩʦ˵ˣʱͻƵɾ磬ԺٶܳΪһλǿߣ൱ĸ϶ȫȲϡ
ҲҪΪ񡣡
㲻Ҫ˺ôƾ
ɵһ㶼΢˭㣬ڿԺĵӡƾЦһû뵽ݿɻͻȻ¶
ΪʲôҪݿɿƾЩ
ƾĬˣЩݿЩ䲻ȵģЩˡ
Լһֱܾͻرݿɡ
ݿɻǸԼѧԺйȻжɪԭ򣬵϶ҲԼŬĽ
ΪʲôҪѧԺֻΪ˺Լһ
ûеڶԭ
ԼأųͶǵԼѲֻܴѧԺ֮ȻϲԼŮѣȴֱֵԼεѡһ
ȥԼް
ݿɱԺΪ˼֣ԼĻĵļʡ
㼵ʸƨ㲻ӦΪ֮ô
ԽЩƾԽԼЩˣԼ̫Բݿˡ
ݿɾԼߣѾеϣװƨ
ԼǺųƺ֮ǺܺƣѵҪԼˣԼһƬĵҲҪô
Ϲ
ݿɣϲ㡣
ƾ˵ţݿɺݺݵȥ
һ̣ݿɶˡ
˲䣬˵Ľȫ⿪ˣǲ㿴ĸʧ١
ڶ죬ƾ½̳ܰķһӣݿţЩͼʰɣ
ʱһƬ
ƾȴǻȻˣܵĿɨȥɨˡ
˵ľѾȫˣű˵ݿɵ飬ǿݿɵģͻȥȻҫһ
ԣԣݿɾš
۹ǻ˵һ۾ͿݿɡҲԣһ飬Ƕƨ
ʲô˵ݿԺĵӣҪߣ˵ˣҾҪǴҰ

ֻǲһ£ƾѾѧԺĳֵˡ
Ժ칫ҡ
ǳ˼һµƾֵĲҪͻƵɾ磬ؾͲɨˡ
һ⻹ֲڲ֪ҪǼһ
ЦУҪһεƸ׼һ¡
ǡ
ӦЩ֮ɫҪʦְô


1729 ʦ
ѧԺȱʦôȻȱ
Ǻȱ
ѧԺʦҪԽԽߣСѧʦΪҪɾˡ
Ҫ˵ȱʦǲܵġ
ȱʦô죬ԼˣеһƸˡ
ƸڿѶȣƺԽԽˡ
ڶ죬ʦ֮֯£ѧԺ˵Ƹ
ƸǰԵһˡ
ֻǲûвƸԣ۵ȼλʦԣȷѡȻ棬ʵҲ߸
ʱǼԤ¼ȡλߡ
ȻǾˡ
λ߲ǱˣȻħࡢĿħ졢ħ񺣡ֹħ١
ǻ˵ʲôֲҪ¼ȡĸ
ֵܺõĸһƵģ϶Ҫ¼ȡ¼ȡȻ϶һв
ֻ˹ϵͳƸǿ˶λдۣôɣôģһӾѡĸ
Ҫ˵ɺϣƭȥɡ
ԺҪ¼ȡλǿߡ˵
Ҳΰ
λһһ֪ˡ
ʣµǸ߳ر㣬Ȼֻܱˢ
ţȻн޽ΪѧʦǿҲˡǵ˵ͷȻλӭλѧԺν̣ҶûʲôˣǵĴʦ˵ô
ħֵܶ۾һ
д
ٵȻû˺˵Ѵô
ߣԭһѧԺ
ε̯̯֣ûоԺͬ⣬ĸҺ˵ѧԺĴ
ʲô˵ģÿʦְ࣬Ȼ֪ˡ
룬Ȼʦû˵Ҿͼ򵥵ĺ˵һ¡ѧԺԴӽвԺѧԺʦѧʵйֵ㲢ƶȡѧʵƶȣķʽҪ֣һѧԺһЩ񣬶ǴĳɾͻѧԺһЩнʣñŵ糤ÿܻù̶һı꣬ۼ߿Իʮ㣬һЩѧԺڹѧҲ㽱ǽһЩƷ
ʦʵйֵƶȣõķʽҲ֣һҲҪһ֣ǾڿΡÿλʦĿγ̣ѧԺԹֵȻѡѧĶֱӷʦǵ˻ϡڶоɹҲĿǰʦǻùֵĵڶֱȽϳķʽñʦоһɷһξֵܻǲѧԺһЩһЩҪĻ÷ʽǻȥԼ̨鿴
λ±ơ
˵Ķʲô
ЦЦ֪ǲ򵥽͵͹ֵԶһѧԺƷ൱ѧԺѵһֻҡֻԶһƷƷϻ΢ڹֵȻû취飬ѧԺѧһЩϡȱԴȻҪȽѧ
ˣҲ˵ˡ
ֻҪһµӡͿˣЩ˽⡣
н֮⣬ǳΪѧԺʦרŵסţѧԺƵĳ޵кϣϲ
⣬ʦǻרֵĵطǿܵԭ磬޷ܹĸ񡣡

λ˵ͷҲǸоӡ
ת۾ʮȥˣѧԺʦǵнʮһ
һҵǣԺʦǵнʶͳƺˣֻǹְλʦҲλ
˵ͣ
ôˣʲô⣿Щֵ
Укܴ⣬ѧԺн㷨ʮλʦнʾȻΪġʮε˵ô£ѧԺô꣬һнʡ
ʲô˶ˣǿ۵˼̫ˣڿЦɡ
ô㣬ҲǸİɡ
ΣֻðнʱǣԼ
ǽӹϸȥÿһнеλְԺֻһнڿнʡѧԺʦſҲ٣ÿ궼ʮڿ֮࣬һǾһٽڿΣһڿεı׹ֵʮ㣬ʮ˵Ҳһǧֵˡ
ֻأǷ˿ӵĵط
ĸˣһһٽڿεĿʱǾȻƽֻʮڿΣǾȱʮڿΡ
ȥǶˡ
ʦôţư
ؼѧԺʦǿεĴǱѧҪصö࣬ǰڿιʿ۳нʡλȱʮڿΣǾҪ۳һٶʮڿεĹʣǻҪǷѧԺʮڿεнʣٹֵ
Ȼ˵ʮڿΣҲûдﵽʱѧԺĹ涨Ҫ۳нʡ
˰ҹ
룬ʵ۰
ʦԺҲΰ
۵˵ͷ֪ͨȥˡ
ûһСʱۿЦŻԺոյϢʦĴˡ
Ƕʱ±ˣĴˣôȹعսҪ


1730 Ժ˵ˣҪ
Ҳΰֻλ֪ʹ
궼ʲô¡
ߣȥ
ҲˣǺ˭˭ӮǺôġ
ۿѾȥֻϡ
ѧԺĴѧ͸вмտش˿Ѿۼ˲ٸвʹѧʦԼѧ
֮Уֻ˧ǲ˧Ҳûá
ĴߣʱҪˡ
Ȼ˵ǲ˧ʱеĴ磬ʲô۹⡣
ԣѹû۾
ͺ¿㾹Ȼǵװ磬ҿ۾ԣ⡣ħߵⷢͣٿīٿ⴩´磬ֱ˧û˲Ŷԡ
ǾѧԺ˧ʦħŵ
Ǿǡħ񺣺ħҲǵ
ܱߣһȺʦѧɵۡ
̣ôоôŤء
ЩЩˣǧҪңǾΪ˧˧ġ
ʱεԺҸոջûѻ˵ꡣʵʦæλ˭֪λһ⣬˧˧ǲѧԺ˧ʦʦĿ֮ȴǸǲǣȻλͲˣǾͺԺҲӦ֪ӣȫֱֱȥȻ޷ĿڣǾʹˡ
ǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ϊôԭ򣬻ܸһô
λô磿ָָУһ쵼īģģº𣿡
ǰɡλѧԺ֮󣬱ĻѬյıȽϳף˵λʦһֱ׷ʲôʱУһǰϹµʱܿۺεѧԺˣʲôʦУϲԵĳԻʦϲ˯Զвѵ˯ʦû¾㻨ݵġ
ѧԺ˵ĻʦֱܱԵġ
ѧȻǼֲˡ
ֻϲʱеģ⻹ͷһݡ
Ȼ˵ǲ˧Ҵͺ¿ħ༸˿Լʵ޷˵Դ֡
˵㣬ʹ㡣
Ǻ¶Ҫңְܲܲɡ
ʱ˿ȥˡ
ĸס֡
ϸһĲǱˣȻĦǡ
οĵ˵ͷڳһˣĦλѧԺʦ¡
ʱֻĦǴĸ쵰û⣬ͺ¿ǾͲСУôҲǰУҲˡ
˵ţĦվһ
ĦǸӣԼһƣ˵ɶ㲻Ǵҵô
⻹û꣬ʱ˼ˣÿһǺͺ¿մߵģǵԪ˧з֤ʦнַһƴʦдĦʦ
ȥɶ
ԽԽˣΪһ˧˧λ
ѵҪΪһͺ¿ҪҶô
ֱǲֱӰ
ǵ̲ס鶯Щʦţư
ǲе̫ˣⶼܴ
ôİ
ɶʱǵĶôǿˡ
ۿǺڵĲҪҪҲǲ֪ǸÿޣǸЦ
ҲݣȻа֣û£ֵһʰˡֵǣϷ
á
ʱλ׷óԼһ¡
ħóԼƽħóԼĻԪɡħóԼãħóԼ˫ޡ
һȺѧԺʦô˴һ飬һȺѧʦ׷׼ش
ⳡ׳۰
λǣǸĦǵģһƴش󺰵ǿȥֲǱˣȻ߸
ɶ˼ԺĦг𰡡
ٿԶҲڴͷǣ찡
ʲôħʲôգ«ֵܶһߴ󺰴Увٵѧ
ôֲ´
Щ׵ģԺҲˡ
Ժ㿴
۲֪˵ʲôˣҪҪֹһ¡
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һ
ľƣҪҪɶ
ȥԺǴܡ
Ժô죬ܿԣ˫ĶˣȻͲͣ
Ժһһѹȡʤأ
ǾԼԼĸʦ۷ۼԼֱԼҲܽߣǲʹľôúõĴΣȻҸһҾͲŻβǡ
۾ˣô
ʲôͰ˵һһʤ֮ԼԼ
ãˡ
һЦ˼úܰ
ʱȥת۾һСʱȥڼ侹Ȼûκһܡ
ĦǼλʦȻˣκǵΪһ㣬ʵǲð˽ʵ˵ãӲİħ񺣸ԼôҲλΧ֮£ıףƣ˵ϡ֮⣬Ҳħ죬ѶԷһڵϡ
Ȼˣȫڻһ㡣
Щ
ħ˷ޱȣվŵľʣħˣǴʤ
ʱһƬ꣬Ҫô
ʲôʲôˡﲮЩɨ˵˲ʦѧǵͬС
Ƕˣô˴򲻹ĸ߸ߺߵȻԼ¼Ƶȥһ飬ǱȿʲôƬ̼
̫ˡҲǵ˵ͷҪǻңһ˾ܰʲô
ţԭʦʦʵǲǿ϶ôʦĶ֡߸һ˵ˣ
Ǻǣⲻ߸ʦô߸ʦʵȻҲŷ
ǵȻҴǣֱ۸Сӡ߸һЦ
Χ˶ǱӲѣ˲ǣԿˡ
˵ĵţƺģбϰ
ϷɢඡƽԼСʣظ
һЦɢ
ˣϷںأɢô׵ġ
Ȼ۵쳹ԺλʦϲܣǾҪǴˣʦվˣܽ
Ҫ뿪һʦѧʱ۾ˡ
Ҫ
ħħɵˣʦվܽΧûеˣǴ˭
ʦǶſˣԽ˰
ħЩԺ˵ֵɣĸ˸ɵôʦ
ħҲɣ˭Ҳվŵ֮һ
ʱȴҡͷħħλʦǱվˣǻվأⳡսˡ
ʲô
ħʱһ˵⻰ɶ˼
ħٶʱ˺ܲõԤУⲻħҰɡ
˼ڲ֣ǿֻͷԺǾˡ
𣬱𣡡
ħһԺˣ˿ħ٣ҧҧֵܣָ硣
˵ţħȥ
ħһͲˣƾɶҰΪʲôҴ㡣
Ҳݣҷҿ硣
һأ費ҵ㡣
˵ţһ㶼ãȭȭ⣬˶Ƿ׷׺Ȳ
ǹ񫰡
սԺ氡
ǹ˰Сʱħ࿴ŵزħ٣˷ܵûˣԽ˰ɣ
ԡ
۵ôôа񣺡Ժ˵Ŀʦվ㲻ǻվôħʦûо˰
ɶ˼Ҿˣľˡ
ħҪˣ⻹ѵҪҸ˰Ҳſô
İ
Ժ˵ˣ˶£ǲǾˡ
Ǿһˡ
Ҳǲ⣬⻹ɢе˰
ĺù񫰡
˭˵һ˾ͲܴˣۼԼԼķɶʱҲˣǾľˡ
ԼԼķ򣿡
ħΪԼˣô
жҪ۷ԼԼǿ۵ȫǿЦ
ǾһҪǲҾͺԺˣʱԺ֣ûûصģɱ𱻴ˡ
ţˡһ£ĻôҲǵһ̫ˡ
ħҧҧɥ
ȻֻһȭߣմҵĺС
ǵµĸλʦ˿ֻһ뷨ǾǸãǻá
Ű˰СʱħҲ۵һ˵ϡ
̫ˡ
߸ôоԺɱӺأǲԺѧԺɼܣҲ³
ЩµʦߣΧ۵˲
˿˿Ժ칫ҵķ򣬶ǵһԺ˰
һ£һս۵ľƣʦǣȻûһ´ġ
ǶԴҲٹעһս֮󣬸λʦ֮ôǰ಻˵ʦŶʸˡ
µһ졣
յ۵Ĵ˵һλ񾳽ǿ˵
һҲǴײ˰

ԺһλԳķҪʱ۹ˣλԳķ񽫣˵ԼѧԺϵܺá
ԭ̲סЦˣ⻹Ǻһλ͡


1731 വ
ʶԳôȻʶġ
ȥսǿҲ͵͵ظȥսͻƣҲջܴ
Գ񽫣ʵڲ֪˵ʲôá
˵ԳһӻǼֱ̫ͬˣһǿӵǰ޹˺ߡ
ԺʶλԳ񽫣
ۺû˵顣
ǵ˵ͷţʶҡ
ǣҪô
ȻҪһ档ЦЦˣ˳֪ͨһʱһԼѡ
õģ֪ôˡ룬ȥˡ
ɵ˿
֮䣬ƺҪ塣
ʦ
оˣվ
۵˵ͷϢԽԽǿǾɶԶˡ
ۼǵᵽһҪ«Լɹ֮УѾʼںˡ
һλԳ񽫵ҪԺ˵ĹϵܺãսΪչˣ˼ǣͻƵླ磬ָ㡣ôλԳ񽫵ѧԺ֮󣬵ʱһ˵
Գ֣һ⡣
ûɣȻǸӻôҵѧԺˡ
ʲô
ȻҧгԳҿӵôңڻҵ鵶㾹Ȼ˼ţҲǾͲ
ôˣ˼һ񽫣һλݷԺȻⶼἰ㣬ɼĿеӡ϶ǼáһҪ˵ӣƺǷʲôƵġЩ
ʱЦá
ʦ˵ˣǼһﻹǷҶ
ҪǶλԳҿԴתԺʱͲùˡ
ûУҺͻԳǿӡҺͻԳĹϵʵ̫ˣõĶ촩һˣҸ˻ô˵ǸһҪѻԳǿӻ裬ҪھͱֳһԳ޵ӣǵʱ򲻶֪Ҹɵ
ڻ룬λʦֺãҪʲôۡ
ǾͺãʱֱӹȥЦЦƺʲôߣҲơ
ڵĻϣԳʳ
һλʹȫͬһ·ֻԳǳ˶ӣɲġ
ǳԵĶĶȫǮģֱһǼϡ
ԳѧԺͬѧ죿ʹֵ
ǵȻһսʱͱ䵽ҵֵ£ʱҾر𿴺򵥡ԳһѵĶﻹŵȽϳһܣ˵ʵûгԹζüˣˣбǰɣҲ׼һߣͬϡ
ϣʹʵ
Һǹϵ֪ǵҪԼǮⲻǴôһһսϵķ񽫣µĲսʿ԰ƣһȱСǮⶼǸӡȻҲΪãȻ֪֮˵ҪǨŭ㡣Գһ𾪵˵ˣζٸҶ׼ʮݵġ
ʹ˼һ£ôôеء
СǮʲôȫֵһô
˼һ񽫣һôȱСǮ˿ȫԼˡ
ţԳ񽫺ѧԺͬѧĹϵǺð
ľҪѪˡ
˭˵ԳȱСǮˣһһƣҿ۵һʣռ˵ʱ򣬾ԲŹ
һڳûԼ壬ռˡ
ʲôӣˣĶ׼ʮݵġ
ȥˣǵô׼һʱµĲǣÿһ˳Ҳһ¡
ŮġʲôϰƷᣬˡ

ʱ䣬ʹ˿˵ж˰
ȷĻô
ģҺĹϵ
ҶҶ
ʹ֪ÿޣǸЦǻԳɹô
ʱͲɹˣռָˣȴȥҸռ䷨ĵط򼸼ռ䷨

ʹľˣȷǺϵãԴ󻧵ġ
ӣѵҪǸա
ڶ죬ۼ˻Գ
ѧԺʦ
ѧԺʦۣǰӻԳȥѧԺ
ԳۣѧԺʦֲ̳ܽôѧ
±ˣ˿Լѵô㣬һ۾Ϳˡ
˵Ҳҽ̵
ǸǻȥѧԺ˵˵Ҷ˼ˡ
ãԺһʦúôѧʵҾѧսʿһģĲླսʿһͲˣÿǺ¶ݣ˭֪ǲһЩ̫ʡˡԳһͷ۵ӡ
۾ҪˣĲҪˡ
һһླԼĺô
˽ѧԺԳĵشѧԺȻǾˣֽ뵽֮󣬾Ȼȫˡ
ȥѧԺеаŰ
Գֹ˵һܸӦĵطҲһʱա
ԲǣЩ㲻ˡ
߰ɣԳ񽫡
ãõġ
ԳظţԽԽѧԺЩ졣
ǰԺ칫ˡ
Ŷ
Գһȴȫ⣬ѧԺԺ˵Ҳһλʲô
ۣԳ߽ǵİ칫ҡ
Ǻͨһ칫ңҲûпʲôصġ
ǻԳ
ҲʱǵȻ
Գһ̧ͷȥǰԺ칫֪ʱһˣոƺû˵ġ
ǣҾǻԳ
Գæǣƺǿͨ͸
΢΢һЦһЦûԳ˲ʧ
Գע⵽ǵһ˫۾ܿƵľͱסˡ
˫۾֮УһǰԼ˰ǰԼǰ꣬ǰԼ
ǾǵһһƺȫС
תۣǾ͵ԼǸʱ䣬֮ӻۣγԼǸܾѡ
ɾʱһӰǾȻǣվԼǷأһץץסำԼӡ
Ҫ
Ѿͷ󺹣ָоЩһǸ׽ˣ΢ңǰԼͽԼ
ͻͻⷽʧ
ĵ˻ڼҵ˿̿񾳽Ϊȴȫ޷ԤһС
ֻܿţʲôˡ
ȿȣ
ҲʱǵĿһлָ
Գǲ֪ǲǻþת˹ȻǰǣֶԷںŲ裬һжûзһ
Գôˣ
ѯʵŻԳӣǲµʲô϶Ǹ˻Գһʵûǵ׶ԻԳʲô
ûʲôֻǵһμԺе̫ˡԣ̫ˡǿҽŵĿӺ׶ʪˡԳ˵ţһĺ£۶ʱˣһ㶼Ӷ˰
Գڨڨʵڶ׸ոյ׷ʲô
϶һ飬ǾǰλѧԺԺ̫ˣȾȺ쵰²ĻҪһǧһ򱶡
֪ˣô֮ġ
ҪţֲˡЦЦˣأ
ԺѾڸ·ϣ˵ԼĽѧԺҲǺܸˡЦЦ
Ժˡʱ⴫
ԳͷһһЦ
ֵܣּˣԴ뿪֮󣬿ˡ˵ţԳȥ͸һӵ
ĬĬص˵ͷϵȷʵܺð
Ӧ֮ҲǺݺݵرס˻ԳͬʱӻȻѧԺҵ鵶ҡ
ҵһֵıʱһ㻹ҵΪˡ
̫ˣŻᱻӡУһ糿յпݵ˵ô£ӻҵ嵽˶ٶ
Ǻǡ
ԳεЦЦ˼ҧҰ
ǹϵȷʵܲǶ̲ס˵ͷԳ˵ս϶ΪչˣҪʾл
ûУûУҪԼԳɿֵȻһҲѧԺ̵зϧԺûмսϣԽ۾ΪԽ׻ɱླһ׵λǺεȵķɣֱɱһ㣬Ȼٵ콾ȵģһûС
ңңʵԳ˵ãħ彻սɱ߽߳ħһķţɶӡҲǵ
ЩħһǾǿһҼǵͻ˲ླ֮ʵֱ׷ླ׵λˣԽɱа츳˭ܱȣ̫ĽˣѧԺȻšԳһĺĽӡ
һԶɵˣڸʲôҵ


1732 ǵҪ
һҲˣڸɶ
꣬û˿ǣǶѧԿô
ӵء
ȿȡ
ʵǿȥˣ̲ס˵ĶԻ
ٲֹҪˣǰķ³
Ϊġ̫ˡ
𾴵ѧԺԺֹңһҪ˵ͬѧʵ̫ˣһҪúõĽ̵ҾԺһܳΪ֮жǿߡôѧһѧԺʧֵѧԺȫ㾡һȥԳǣһ˵
ǺǺˡ
֪һʲôˣһа
ԼˣеˣѧԺ㾡һңұѧԺͬѧô
ǸԺԳԹʵˣҲûô㡣ε
ô㣬ֻԼ֪ѡԳֵи˵Լ˧һ˷Ҫ˵˧Ҫǲϣóʮ׵Ĵ󵶿㡣
ҳԼе㣬ǽԹʵˡ˰֣˵˲˼
Ƿ˷ۣûꡣ
ǲҪô
ԳҲˣôҲˡ
пο˲٣ȥһս֮Կ˲١
йȻͻƵ˽ɾԵʣһԭӦþ˻Գŵ˹Լܲѣľ˸ı䡣
ô㡣Գٴǿ
ҡԳĬôڰƤǺͻԳһ߰
ˣôѧԺȻֻ˲ʱླ磬ҲԴѳġӦסǵ˵š
ǣǣסԳһܽ˵ӣǰӣԺ˵Դѳľ˵ǶѳĵˣΪʲôҪǿһʱ䣬һӦףеˣΪʲףһԪǲͻƵĲླ磬ڷңЦҵİɡ
ǲ֪ԳڸǿԳӣǱһˮﰵˬ
˵˵ҪʲôɣǲͻԳˣΪһ붯ֵĳ嶯
Ū⣬ˡ
ԳƺԼŶģսġҪͶȥΪ˵֣֮ĸްԼ֮ҲҪսսѧԺΪ֮⣬ʮǿһѧԺгԽ񼶱ǿ򣬿ǵĿǰΪֹѧԺ񶼲˵ĳԱһǴѧԺˣѧԺս
ԳĻʵ⡣
һڵ˵һԱѧԺһֱ֮⣬ûмˡ
֮УѧԺӦͽӵ֪ͨˡ
ˣʵǱġ
˾ǱɵһӴ֯ˣ뱻
ѧԺսսҲ顣
Ĵ֮ÿ˶йϵѧԺȻҲβս
ֻҲбȽϵĵĵطǾѧԺѧǵʵձ鲻̫ߣڽսеˡ
ԺǸΣԳǲ˵㲻ﵽʲô˼
ѧԺͬˣΪ˵һԱѧԺսĻһҪ󡣡ǻϳһЦݣ˼ƽϡ
ʲôҪ󣿡
ѧԺѧʦκһţҲκָӡ˵ҪԳɾս
ʲôǶԳɾ
ʲôвκָӣ
˵ˣǾǲѧԺѧǵڻңŵ֮УԳɾܾܵı֤ǵİΣ
Գ֮˶ˡ
ԳɾκָӣҲˡ
ʵɣҲûսϵĲٴǶսȻս󵽿Ƕͳ˧һţСĿͳ˧һܹܵǡ
ڻԳͳĳʵһȺɢ޼ɵľӡ
ֻսִģҪô࣬ҪôǱϵǿ
ѧԺʵ
ԳһʱЩ֪ôˣıҪ𾪵ˡ
ѧԺ˵еɣе㣬һôֵҪ󣬾ЩܴӦŹ֡
ԺҪ󡭡ҾþͬġԳӲͷƤ˵
ͬ⣿ǲЦˣȻɫѧԺѧԺκһΪĳǿߣҲܰ͵սֻҲܱ֤ǵİȫ֮ԸҪҲѧԺʵ
˵ţչֳһǿš


1733 ͱˣһ֪
ԳǶһסˡ
ʱ֮ǰչֳʵʱһȥԺǳԽ֮ϵĴڰɡ
ȵȣǾͬ⣬ʲô飬ֻҪ˾УҲκϸë
ԺһҪȥģͬͬ⣬ǾͲܾˡԳ֮ͨҲûʲôѹˡ
áǵ˵ͷҲ˵ʲô
ͬҲãͬҲãҹǡ
ڳ񾳽ǿ߽벻֮⣬˭κѧԺ
ôҲܺ;ŸɣѧԺûӲվʵܰѺɺеѧԺʦ
ʱλ򣬾ҲҰô
浽ǸʱѧԺ˵ľ˵ԳɾսҲû˸˵ʲô
ԺǡԳ˼һ£Ǹѹе̫ˣҲ뿪
Գǻڣ뵽һ飬ܴʹӦ飬ȥʱ˳ȥһ仰ġֳԵ򡣡
ԳЩɵˡ
ʲô˼֪İսΪģѾ֪ˡ
ǿʲô
ѵ
ԳʲôȻ˶ˡ
˱ģ˺ս񵱳ս²ӥһսҰܡǸţһٶʮλླ׵ⱻɱɱһٶλλǿ߿ڳƵսΪġ
ǣ˺ս֡
ἰⰡ
Գ˿ɵҲܿˣǰ㲻ʲô˼ֻǾö͸һֲɣо
˵ֳԵǼֱǸǵ֣ǿߣˣѧԺɰ
Ǹʱ򣬺ȥսʱ䡣
һ˲䶼ҼˣλǿȥģȻ˳ָɵ°ɡ
ȵȣҪĻ飬ͱѧԺ֪ˡ
ȥԼڻ費װ
ţԳѾһͷ󺹣ڵһȦĸо
̫ˡ
㣬ˣ
ǿŻԳЦЦԳֻоЦЩ¡
ףˣѧԺѧԺԳ˵ţ˿Ѿ뵽ʱķӦ
λǿ֣߳һɱһٶʮλ
Ѿ϶λǿųԽ񾳽ΪҲһλ
֮⣬֮е޷λ޵еĴڣȫҺսľơ
֪λǿѧԺˣƨɶЩ쵰Ϊλǿ߲սԻͬѧԺԳһġ
Щˣɶǳʵġ
ֻʵԼﶼϡ
ףҾͷˡǽʦԳιһѧԺǼԳǵϢ죬ȾǱ˻ظ뿪١
ãõġԳ˵ͷ
뿪ǵİ칫ңԳһϣ뿪ˡ
Ǳûлظ߲ˡ
ӻԳ㲻սͳôôᵽѧԺ֮ʵԱߵ̲סЦǹ˼ŸĵĿôӻеģ㻹ûѻԳһλ
ˣӥһս֮󣬳Ҳˣؼǲ֪ĸ˵˵˵˵ǳڻҾǳвˣòеһˣûеսܵĲˡû취ܵȥҪˣǾЩ˸˦ҡһԳ˭һβ˦ңҾȥһֱȥ˼ٴΡȻȺ쵰͸ҰԳ˵һᣬȫھܵżӡ
̲סЦǸð
ÿθһ˵ľӣܱĲȫû
Ǻ˵˵ôǸǴʵô
ͳ˧ĳоһλģҪڻҾ˭ǡ
˲Ըʵ̫ȥ˾൱˭ȥ
ǰûȥãˣе˲Ź֡
˵ˡ㿴ԺǰΪô࣬ǷĶ
㻹˼˵ԣԳˣһҪˣǰԺСˣǰҵСˣ㾡ѧԺԴңǰư⻰ҪǴȥҹ·ܱѧðש
Գˣ㲻ѧԺѧôֻ˲꣬˽ɾ硣
ѧҺǺˣ˭ģ˻ԳһۣĴڣʦ
ԳԾؿ˿ۡ
룬Ȼ㣬ȴʱͻƵɾġ
֣ȷʵЩԹʵˣ׷ŭ
۵ͷԳ˶ˡ
ͻƵ˽ɾ磬Ϊ飬Ȼģ⵽ʲôѧԺ
ѧأǶô
Գ̸ˡߣҴιһѧԺЦЦҲһͬɡ
áԳͬʱ
ԳڴλѧԺĴѧνĴѧѧȫǽɾ磬Ҳ˵Ĳླ硣˴ѧѧԺиввСѧ۽ιʵҲֻǼ򵥵һ£Ϊط漰ѧԺܣ϶޷ûԳڵġ
һСʱʱ䣬ԳۻһĿѧԺѧ
վڴѧľͷԶããƺ
ԳʶȥȴǷԼʶ֮Ȼͷ
ʲôط
ԳָָǴѧ֮һƬ
ѧԺĲ֪֮ء룬Ҳ֪ѧԺѧѧΪﵽ񾳽ͿԱҵˣǴѧ֮أʵҪȥѧϰĵط
ʲôԳһѧԺѧѧҪ񾳽ܱҵѾ˵ˡ
⻹һ֪֮أʲôط
˵еʦѧȫ񾳽֮ϵĴڡ
ȵȣѧԺô
Ҷ٣ǿɱƭңֻ֮һѧԺǲе̫ˡ
˵ѧԺʥأֻн뵽ʶµѧʡҵһѧҵ˿̳֮ɫ
ôԳЩʵ
Ҫˣ˵ܾǴ˵е
̫ˡ
ôģȫ쬵ġ
¡ʱȴصһЦЦݼֱǸ˻Գһޱȿ϶Ļش
ȥԳɫ΢䣬ѧԺ̫ˡ
ˣҴԳιѧԺɣҪȥǸв۹һЦҲܴ˿дҵĻԳ

һֱιѧԺԳŵ˻Ǿס
һʱ䣬Գϵ˾
ųش֣ķ֡ڵĵиѧԺ̫̫ˡѧԺԺΪһԽ񾳽磬ǰֱûκεܣҸоɱңֻҪһͷ͹ˡ֪ôġôģǾȻǵģһµҲݣȻģһ仰ġԵǸһҹ֮ɱһٶʮλģѧԺˡ
ģųţͦζ
ǵģؼѧԺһ֪֮أȫǳԽ񾳽Ĵڡ
֪֮أ
ųǵģѧԺʥأ񾳽ĳǿߴڡ
Ǻǡ
ųһMMP㵱ǰ׳أ֮񾳽ĳǿߴڡ
㵱汾Դǰô
ֻƾ֣;õǸɱһٶʮλǿߣʲôѧԺģ
ǲûӣⶼš
˵ɣԳ㵽ѧԺʲôôųڵ˽Գ쵰ˣѧԺô˺ôȻ֪ŵʲôˡ
ӻ
֮ǰطѾթ˲ٺô
պôûаԳҡҡͷϸķ˷ԼĿռָթЩﻹһëǮĺô
ԩˣһԳʲôˡ
ҽѧԺ˼ҵһˮûȡ
ʱԳҪըˡ
ͱˣһ֪㡣ųЩͷ˵
Ҳݣûպô˵Ķġ
ǺǣѧԺʲô
ҪԳɾܾϽԳѿڶ
㿴˳˵ˡųεеˣԳɾܾϽЩûȨ
ųģûպôҷġ
ˣôþˣǸҳһⰡ
˵һ飬ûպô
ˣҲҪģŵġ
ðɣˣ˻ôԳװˣһоԼԩ
ΪʲôԼ˵滰ʱûţΪʲô
Լôֵô
ô˵ͺôѧԺʵ̫֣ҪѺô˸ǡ
Ҫˡȵȣʲô
˲ˡųһЩΪѵӣĬһ֮ԲͬѧԺԳɾȻҲҪɾˡ㶼˱˺ôҲ˲ˣǾһ¡ҿԸѧԺһȨҵĵ߾֮ڣǿԲܾκ˹ϽѧԺɲԣǿԣǰս
ⲻǲôѧԺӦûͬ⡣Գ룬УתѧԺҲ׼ԼʲôţȻѧԺǲŵġ
ãʮ֮͵˵ţųѸٵжͨѶ
ͬʱѧԺ֮УҲæµš
˷޼ɵɵʦܲܰұһˣﶼʶ֣
޼סҧгݵģ˭
ǽѧԺĻԳ񽫡
ԣԺҪ˵ԱѡҵĿγ̡
޼ɸԭھʹӦˡ
ǸԳаյġ
˵ͷãȵһ£һҪȥҼλԪ޽ɾʦ
޼ɵۣҪҼλҪжĳޣ´ǸԳô


1734 ʹԳ
ԻԳʹһˡ
һ죬˲֪á
ֻôڻǻԳĶֻ֣ˡ
ţ趯ɵǳ趯ʦʵҲֱ׷
ʦæ
ԥ˵Լ⣬ϴЦ
趯һֵĿ˿ʲôҪҰæȷûи
˭֪ԺĹϵʲô鷳ֱԺʲô
ʱˣǻл
ˣֱ˵ʲô°ɣԺϣҲСȵϣܰһ趯εΪɶѧǵôûеֿء
ҹȻһλĳʦ
һʱеˡ
㿴ԺϾˣСȵʲôѵûŮ档
ǹ˰
ɲľôתˣҲƤǣٺһЦģʦһˣﶼʶ֡
趯ʱǳ鶯ɶ˼ҵô
ҿѧԺʦ
ѧʹʦô
ҵʲôˡ趯ߵЩˣɲǷ޼ô˵
ϾһѧԺǽΪˣ޼ûнΪǺѧһɳģѧʦѵĹϵ
޼ɳ֣ûôǾʹӦˡ
Щָ֪о趯ʦøհ
趯Ȼ۾һŵһֵô
趯ʱɫһ䣬Ŀ
ɶ˼¸ʦôţ㾹Ȼѧҿˡ
ԼɵˣѵԼˣ˼
ɾʱ趯ͻȻúɫɫתȱɫ죺ͬѧǿʲôһֵ㲻ʦͲƵġҲ̫Сʦˣ۸ʦȻҪôֱ˵˭ұ֤ﶼʶ
ʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǺݼղҪǲҪôƣ治֪˼
ҪǲԸңŹ֡
ʦôͻԳһӡ
ɲҰԼ뷨˵Ҫװ˷ܵӵǾͶлʦˣҪˣҲǱˣǽѧԺλԳ񽫡

趯˵ͷνʱҰй۲һ£ɱͦصģҸоɱûһҲаǧˡڱʦǰġŰǼֱҪ̫ɡ
趯˵ɣ֪趯ֻɡ
趯ʦʵĺǿ
˵ɣʲôʱ֣
趯ƺЩȲˣĦȭƵģɳȭͷһĴ졣
ЩҪۻԳˣЩѧԺʦڸԵ磬һսˣѧԺڿκû֮أ˿ҵܷйĶˡ
һҪˡ
룬ǵ
趯Щãʲôˣһ˾͹ˣ㻹ҵʵ
һҪ˵ţϾҪ֣ǸȻ趯ʦʵڽ߼֮£趯ʦ޵еĴڡôԳҪǵʱ򲻺һô죿ҶҼʦܵĻᶼ
η趯Щɵˣе̫˰ɡ
ܵĻᶼ
жǸԳҪһʧĵز
һҪȥˣǡ
˵ţȻֱ˴۵ɵ
˾ͺ˵ˣҲİӣûκʹӦˡ
ٴθ㶨һȥҶΪλҶ۲Ӧû뵽Լֻ˵ԵɣʹӦˡ
Ҷ۵˵թѧԺѧ˭
λʦÿһλԼ綼һĴڣʵҲȫֱ׷ʹԳǿӻеСˡ˼һ£뵽ԳԼ飬ʱᶨԼ뷨ԸҪ޳ܵˣҪôɡ
Χ֮С
ˣҲСˡ
趯ʦҲˡ
ⲻҶô
޼ʦû뵽Ҳ֡
˻࿴˿̿
˭뵽λѧԺʦ֮޵еĴڣ쾹Ȼʹһˡ
ЩΣڨڨһ鷳λʦˣǸ֮ǰһ飬λʦһòѧԺУʲôҲˡ
ףܱϳô
˼оô̼
ǸԳǲµѧԺʦҲ֪λʦ

λʦһ棬ʶˡ
Գס˿衣
̫ˣթôöôζȪǲаҾͰѾųѧԺԺ˵ŪôֻǿϧˣѧԺе£ȻһԺݺݵһʡԳֹţС
ʱһ
Գһ
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ԳһЩɻ
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˼һ£ԡһͳȥˣֱա
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ϤԳһˣϢʮֵǿӦҲһλǿߡ
ԳЩɻ󣺡λɶ£
ʼնûиоһ壬ΪڵѧԺĵ̣˭¡
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˵ţΧֳˡ
Գʱ˲ԣȻǶ񡭡λʲôҸǣҿǾķ񽫣ǡ

趯ʱһȶ֡
Գ뷴ȴ趯һץȫǱˣȻλʦ͸նνס
ȫ±ˣĸǿһҲûɱ⣬ҪԼʲôѵǿԼĲ
ȵȣһиƨĲﰡ
ҵ찡ǲǾֻԼɫˣɡ
˼ʱȭ߿ʼˣɳȭͷһȫкϡ
Գû˿ķ֮ǷʹĲҽС
ʱˡ
Ⱥ˵Ǳûƭ
ѽλú
ȥ˲𡣡
˧
ѽѪˣѪˣˡ

λʦֻᡣ
λʦպ䵽λ˻ԳСʱ˰һȦȫû
޼ɿòˣ͵͵˼Ƭ
Ȼĸˡಡһ²ˡ
ԳͷţȻ˺ܾãŸ̧ͷȷû֮ŭ쵰˭бӲǣѽۣ
ȻŻָһƣ־Ȼȫָˡ
λʦ֮УЩȻֻܵЩԼɢȥԼˡ
һȳһյĻصסԳĺ鳹ûˡ
ڵλʦĵƬȴ̲סЦĺˬ
λʦӣôԼʹ졣
þûˣȫɰ
һΪԼָоҲô
ȫ
ҪȥǸԳһ٣һλƤģᣡ

һԵЩ˶ˡ
ҪʲôҪȥԳǿӻⲻ԰ҿûǼ
İⲻܶͷϰɡ
ˣɣǸԳָ¡Ҷ˾Ǵ˿Ѿ
ǾҸɽǣԳһҲᣬ߰˴Ҳᡣ
ѧԺĻᣬʧ
ûʲôûͲסԼĶˣڸоλʦ̫ˡ
ǲǲ
ԳĲܹҡ
ڶ죬ԳȥǣǿŻԳǱףһȦӣ̲סǴЦ
ԳôˣǺʵȫһҲ֪ôµӡ
ԺҪΪҡԳһѱһģҸϴ裬Լ˳ȥȻ֪ĸĿ࣬׶Ĵ󺺣Ҹˡ
ʲôȻ飿Ƕʱһӣŭ
Գһ񣬶ʱϲ⡣
ԺӣҪΪͷ
ߣ˭ɵģεŵùɡ
ǵģڵΰֱ̫ˡǼ˵ŻԳõǱ߼ǿѲߣ֤ٴη
ʲôԳסˣЩ
ΰ̫ǿѲߣ
ûУҿǷ񽫰ҵĿ϶Ҳ񰡡
ѲߵЩʲôΪܹܵס񷸰
ȥҶ٣ƭҡ
ˣȰԳָһ¡˵ţһָԳϵۿɼٶʧˣԳʱ˷ԼӢֻˡ
лԺԳм
Ǿɣ͵ȵ߾ųЭ鵽ˡ
ãõġ
Գ˵ţǣԺ칫ҡ
ֻһͿ
ϸƺ뿴ʲô
ʱȴһеĿڵ˵Ϯˡģ˭ɵģȻǵĽ֮ڷ˶СУû°ɣûţ
Գǹеʵ̫ˣҡҡͷ
ţ
ʲôΪҺĹϵӦòҰɣԼ̫ˡ
û£ЩֻһٶѣԺոѾһָˡ
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һĵĸо˭أ˵սûеʲôˣ
Գϸһ£ָͷ˻治٣ֻּһ
ŻԳӣ⡣
Գʲôˣսϵٱ˴룬Ҫǳⷽ룬벻˭ɵġ
Ȼһ֮󣬻Գȫ±ˣǵ̫ˣûлɶˡ
ѵ˳Լ뿪սĵظҪѵԼ
սȺ޲ҶԼ֣Լ뿪ˣ治һЩ͵ء
쵰֪˭
Գһ䣬ߺߵˡ
˷ԳԳҲн졣
ŵҹԳǳԼǰˣֱ̫Ϥˣ˵ǿ̹İ
˶ˣ
ؼ컹̫գ춼ˡ
ʱһҽ
һԳҪȥǣϧθûм
ŵ죬Գ׼ʱֵˣһ˵ǽǡ
費ˣ۸ˡ


1735 ǵġ̫Σ
ɷ˵ģλʦŻԳһᡣ
ȻһٻԳ֮ˡ
뿪ˣֻǱǿ˵ĻԳȫһ޿ӡ
ѧԺ֮УԳԺ칫ſڣ첻ȵǹͲˡ
Գ
ǿ˿ǰϤİˣʵǱﲻסˣǴЦ
ϴλԳһ٣ҲֻһȦԳǱһˮͰһ۾ˡ
ԺҪΪԳҽеȥͱסǵȣѾǵľˡ
Щޣʵ̫ˡ
治֪ѧԺԺ˭ֹЩͽ
˴˰ɣǹֵΰĺ⣬ţº¡ȻѧԺֵ񣬲ôҲѧԺԺǻҪһӵġ
Գ⻰Ǻˡ

Ժ͡Ͳͷͬ־ˣ㿴⼸ܲѧԺһ£ԳΪ˭ҪѧԺԼٳ飬ⲻǴѧԺԺô
⻰ȴǹҡҡͷ
ʲôЦӻˣҸ˻ôѧԺš
ô
Գо춼ˣܶѧԺܶ㵽ȥ
϶Щ쵰ζҵġ
Գ֪ѧԺʦѧ˶ѧԺҹѧԺĹ涨ǰĪˡʮε˵ſںˣֻҪԺͬ⣬Գþʹá
ǵûԳӻȥᡣ
սϣԳǿҲ
⡭ѧԺнôסѧԺɣԳ˼£ιѧԺʱͼĽ
ǳ˳Գһͦб
ϧ˱Ժ
Գʲô˼ѵΪѧԺһλ񰡣һһλ񽫰һ˵
ѵôԳ
ȻǿԵġǵ˵ͷûԳһϲǽһ仰ɵˣĽѿɲͣͨĻߡߣǽ۾һҲ༸ྦྷǵ˲ླ֮һλһ궼Ҫһྦྷˣһ춼Ҫһǧ鲻ྦྷ
٣
ԳֻΪԼˣһҪһǧ鲻ྦྷٰ
Ǻε̯̯֣˼û
ҡҡ
ԳҪѧԺ죿һҪһǧ鲻ྦྷѧԺ㻨ﳬֵ
Ȱ˵ֻǻԳȴЩ
ӣô˵ʱһģһͬϢоһ޿ӡ
һһǧ鲻ྦྷ붼Ҫ롣
Ը汻˴ҲѧԺ
ԺҡҲͦãǻǵĻʵ̫ˡ
ϲͺá
Ǻǣ
ԳҪˣϲƨѧԺס
ԳˣǸ˶ûá
ǿˣһӦԤеȥھˣʱҪǸʲô
ȥ֮󣬻ԳĵضһԪ֮УӦðȫһ㡣
ʱһֻĸ׼ķͽȻϢصĴԪ硣
ҡǸ㣡
Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣԼȻеϰˡ
˵֮󣬻ԳٴǣԺˣĲˣҪ뿪ǸЭʲôģȹ֮Լǩ˾С
Գôô˵أЭҪԼ֤
Ҳ֤ˣҾȥǵġ̫Σˡ⼸죬֪ôôҶ㵽Ԫ磬ܱҵװͨˣܱҵװܱǱʬ޵ѹЩ̫бˣҸооǾǴ־ͷҵĶħ
ԳĿߣǶˡ
һﾭô£Ȼ޵˺ѷΡ
Գǵΰ̫ˡ
ΰ
ԳǣMMPˡ
ҪǲǻǺѣңҾͷˡ
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Ժ˵ˣҶҶ
Գһȳһյ뿪ѧԺһҲˣȥʬһ㾲صĸʩߡ
ϣ޼ˡ
ôоеû˼ˣ
ˣȻû˼

ˣǾͷŹɡ
ԳŴҴ뿪ĸˣȫ޿
ǴҴĶû˼ˣǻҪʲôĸް
ڵȵ˵ʮ쵽
߾ųⶨЭ鵽ˣԳ߾ѧԺǩЭ飬Ȼ޲뿪ѧԺ
ǾҾˡ
Գٴһʱôʱдܡ
Գ⻰ѪʲôдܣǸûдҺðɡ
ߣĸÿʹҵĻ쵰ǰдҵġ
һ£¡Գеڼ˵飬ҪܲͨǵžС
Ҫȵͨˣߣŵ
ǺǣԳﶼҪˣôڵҪңǲǻҸʲô
Գ˭˵ʲôҪߡ
ĽԵ˿ͱԳһ·ߺã͡
ԳһȻǱ˺ܾһŭҲǵˣԺ󶼲ģ˭Ҫ˭ӡ
ɵۣôƢôֲıǿˡ


1736 ѧ
Գ˵֮󣬺ɵĿ˿治˴ң
һȥѵӻˡ
ע⵽Գ񣬶ʱˣըء
뵽ԳҰ㵱ֵܣ㾹Ȼңú룬ʲô㣬ҵ˭ѧԺʦôǺǣһѧĶѧԺʦֻһѧ
Գ۵ɵϴıһ
еˣӦҲ̫ˣ˰ɡ
˵ʲôһѧ
Ǻǣ㵱һԳǰ׳أսǺݶҶȲ㡣
Գңͺ㷭
ԳӣҲԼݵЩˣ
ʱô죬ܻԳǲĻˣҲҪݵס
ǲܳϵģܳϣȻĿܻᱻ
ֵܣôܻ㣬ˡԳļƺľ鲻ɵġ
û˸ˣǰá
ΪԳĲһӣ϶ҲҪߵͷϣȻúթһʡ
ڣԳȻ赭дľͷƪˣдⰡ
һûʮɵİΪɵģҲҪˡ
ֻΪﻹǵĽΧԼһ٣ҲҶ֡
ԺǾ˵ˡ
ˣԺлᣬٺúõأĽһ¡Գ˵ţϼһЦݡ
ãõġɥȻԼˣſʼвԼˡ
ԩ
ԳӻôΣҲ͵һλʦɵģЩĺ޹ذ
ʱĶˣ˭˭ˣѵҪ߻ԳЩ֮԰ᣬѧԺλʦһߵĴ
һᣬ߶٣øˡ
ŻԳʧҲȥˣѾˣԺԺͻԳһսľ磬жԶԶ
ȻջԳǿӻļǳӣҪÿ
ѧԺ֮С
ȻҪȥսһٻѧ
ǺͻԳԼʮ֮ѧԺŻϸսʱȫü
ǰսѧǲͬġ
ȻսˣҲֻʧȥ˼ʸ˻ᱻĴͻҪںսˣǾǻҷˡ
һ֮صѧԺ
ΪȻﵽ˽ɶ൱λ񾳽磬ˡ硯͡ǳһȷ򣬰ٷ֮ʮŵλ񶼲Ķ֡

ɵƺƽ˲١
˵ͷû뵽Ҳǰսսˡ
սӦ˶̺ŴԵͻƾ磬ǰսǱġ㲻ս֮ϣųɹͻƵĽɾ硣ЦЦ
ԵţҲǰͷ
սǿߣȻΣգȴҲ֮⣬ͻƾĵط
˵˼䣬ȴǸ뷨
ż꣬סҦܡѧҲȫصѧԺ
ѧԺǰ
һ죬һǿϢƾڵɵɢѧĿ
ƾͻˡ
и֪ѧʦЩ
ɹƭһ·ѧȻˣ̤뵽˽ɵľ硣
ͻˣͻˡƾѧԺ֮𣺡ɨˣҲɨˣ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ţЩʵĿɿڴ
ɨأ
㵽׾ʲôȻһЩ֪ƾѧ˿̶Ƿ׷״
ڶ죬һ硣
Ϲݿɿƾ˷ޱȣǳ֮顣
һ㣬һˡƾǸΪף˳ͻƵɾ磬ҾϯأȥҵЩͬѧ㷢ģȫ
ɵˣͻˣǴϯô¡
ݿҲǲ⣬ͻƵɾ磬Ҳûôİɡ
ǲе̫ˡ
ƾһãӣϯôշǮʮ֮ھ͵ˣ󲿷ѧˣ¿ǰϯĺûᡣ
ݿɻ࿴˿ĺе
Ŷôô
ǣѧյƾСѧ
֪֮󣬲ƾȥһ٣вͳвҲˣСѧʲô
쵰
ĳɵһӴͬʱвѧ
ƾƾһôƯŮѾˣŮѻԺĵҲˣؼѾƷôôͣ˼ôھȻͻƵ˽ɾ硣
ʲô
ҪӮҰ
շӣˣȫԺС


1737 
ƾٲȻҪΪȫԺԵĶ
ƾԼȻ
ƾɵϣΪᣬ׼ʳǴ˹ġ
˶֪ƾ±Ǯˡ
ԽǿЩԽЦͺú׼ɣʱһ㡣
Ҫˡ
ƾţȥţ񻹲Ҫյ

뵽˷ܵĵط̲סǴЦ
׵ɵƺĳ˼թЦЦƾͻƴ׬һʣҪҲһȥúø
׵˵ͷȻҪһﾹȻԼͻˣ겻ˡ
Լٳٲͻƣô¡
ŰɣƾҶ㣬ȻһҪһ١
񿴵׵ɫ仯žͲ³׵뷨Ͼѧ½ͻƵɾ磬ƾڶߵѧͻˣ׵ѹĺܴ
ԼҲûа취ǵ˵Լѡ·˭Ĺȼôߡ
ֱ񾳽Ĺ̺ķ֪ж֡
˵ʵֱԼûи㶮Ҫʲô
һѵķ򣬿Щһȫһһ
ƨܲ򰡡
ҲԼôѹս֪ôͻˡο޷ͻƾ磬ҲǰĪ
ÿ˶ԼĻԵҲʱδ
׵˵ͷԼܲͻƵɾ磬ôš
ֻͻƶѡ
תۣƾٰһ죬ѧԺѧˣȻʦǡ
Ħʦôˣƾŵˣоĺ氡ûУѧԺܻӭʦμҵĽ磬ʦǶҵϿɰ
ԣѧԺҵϿɡ
ϲϲƾͬѧҹȻûп㣬ľȻͻˡĦ˵ţƾôôŤʲôĶͻˣѵľͲͻˣ⻰Ⱑ
ˣʦҾͲƽˡ
ϼȻǮǲҲҪ㡣
ŶĦǿƾֱһԴȻҰʮķ飬˷ÿоģ˵ҶԷž򣬾͸ˡҵʱ򣬾л
⻰ƾˡ
Ǻڲķ飬ֻһġ
ǰʮôǶ˰ɣһſŵӶʺˡ
˵ʲôҲݣ˭һֲ
͸ңô
ȵȣ㲱һʲôǰôûҡ
ֲðµķ飬⴮̭췢˵ģ˳ֵ͸˰
û뵽Ħǡ
úãúãʦ˵ţĦɵȻˮҪˣڿԱһˡ
ݡƾҧҧοԼֻ⣬ѣ滹ôء
ʱ˹ˣȻҦܡ
ƾʱһ˷ܵӭȥǴ󻧰󻧡
ӭӭƾ˵ţ־ˡ
㻹ֱӡҦЦЦԵһͨģһһģֻһ洢ռĽָ
ƾϲɶ
ӹʶ̽ȥȴǷһʱȥ
ʲô˼İ
ˣٴ򿪡ҦܵĶ̫𾪣㶮ġ
ƾסļٵģ̫𾪣ҶģҶʲô
ҵҲһٴ򿪡ҲŵȻҦܶһЦ뵽һȥˡ
ãõġƾСİռָܾʲô춯صĶ
ɵҦѯʵ͸ƾʲô
¡
ЦЦʱ˵Ȼһᱻ˴ȥ
Ҧһͬеĵ˵ͷ˼ҲˣҲͬ˵ġ
Ųãˡ
ŽȥƾָĥƤˡ
ʲô֪
˵ʲôȻǺˣףͻƵɾ簡
Ŷ˵ûСεȻ󻰷һתԺͻƵɾ磬ٰʱ򣬵ʱҲøˣǾ͵ƽˡ
ƾʱɵۣ軹׼硣
УҲҪȸˣͻƵɾ磬ȥŹ֡
ʲôƾѵҲͻƵɾ磿ôңǿõѰû뵽㾹Ȼˣҿˣǿˡ˵ţһıʹۿᶼҪˡ
ƾֱ˵һҵĸоǲɡ
棬Ѿƾָָ㡣
˼μĽ磬˱Ƶģˡ
ƾһѱסûпǾõѣԶǡԶǵǶϦµŵԣԶǵͬȥȻҵĽ磬ΪõֵܣҲģ㲻Ҫҿ
ã˵ġ˲һϲɫȻҡڵĽȥˡ
ȥ֮ƾݺݵһ̵쵰ĸҪѧģôô޳ˡ
Աߣ循ޱȡ
˭ѧģү治֪Ǽٲ֪
ʱ󡢻һˡ
ƾû뵽Ҳͻˡƾļ򣬡ţҲͱͻ˼ǧ꣬
Ǻǡƾ˺һۣõģǿңڿԼء
󣬿˵ʲôƾͨԼиŬͻƵɾ磬Ƕô־ôĸˡ˵ƾ
ûУл˵ġ
Ǹֻ̾ңȻҲͻƵ˽ɾ磬ȴһɾ͸жûУϾͻǺȰˮһƵģĻһȱ취˵ˡ
⻰ƾ˲±ơ
ðתҲ̫ˣҸղŻҲ˵˹
Ȼ˵ͨıȵЩס˵ƾĺܲˣȻһסƾԼŬҲŵ
ƾоֱһĹˡ
ҵĽ簡Ⱥ쵰治ǹҵġ
ˣƾʲô򣬼ȣʵ
ĵȻҲǡƾ˵ţȻ˾
԰ȻҲͻƵɾˣʲôʲô
ȥҺûпǹ⡣
ԼһϹͻˣȫһ֪
Ҹоʲô֪
һ£ҲΪȻĵ˵ͷ


1738 ʦĽڲ
ƾˣǿҵôôڿһ׳ա
֪ô£Ҳ޹
ȿȣ
ƾɿȻޱƶȻҲ֪Լʲô򣬵ǿ϶ܸߡ
ܸߣ
˶Цȷ
ǿƾһӲӣҲٺƾˡ
ˣ˾ͺá
ϻˣ׼ĺأƾֱӵ˵һ˾쵰µġ
ԥһ£ͻƵʱҲû׼ʲôȴҪô˼ڵġ
Ҳ̫ˣû뵽ˡҲǺ޺޵
ƾҲˡҲ̾һ
⻰ƾɵˡ
ȥɶ˼ҾͲҪǰɡ
ΧҲ𾪵Ŀƾ˼ôܸɳ顣
֪ˣƾʵӭǡ̾һȻҲƾҪ̫˧ˣ츳̫ˣΪҲ̫ˡμĽᣬһԱǾϵӥȴǵµϣûʲôڸˡǣǵĴǰеô΢
ƾˣԽЩ̫ˡ
쵰
Ļ˵˧ƨҲѧԺ˧ġ
һ£ͷ̫ˣƾķͷ
ѧ˲һȻӣԭô°
ƾˣұ΢ƨ
ҿǽɣɰ
ǾǸһëΡ
ôƾɥ׷ˣͲˣѧԺķôôˣΪʲôһѧʦô޳ܣҲֻô
ţѧԺƷߵһѧ
⻰һЦ󲽳ɵȥ
ޣ
ƾ˵ıӰݺݵ¿ˮ쵰òҪ䵽ҵ
Ȼʱ
ƾ
һȻĭһˡ
ˣƾ¶ЦݣҲǴ󻧰
棬ǿǳĸʣµĳսʿǧǧÿӸԪѰϾǸ͡
ûڵĭôȥѧԺ񣬿ÿ컨ǮˮǮġ
˶Ǻĭ۹⣬һ۾ѡһ߸˧ÿֻҪڼﵱܼžˡ
λμҵĽ磬ñɵ԰Ѻһ¡ƾھǵֱӵﰡ
ϴҵӣ͵Ǹĺˡĭ˵ţֱҪȥ˦˦ƾ
ƾˣʲôʱ飬㾹Ȼǵá
ͷƾһĪӣ˵ʲôʲôҪǲǽȥϾͰſڵЩӶˡ
ˣˡԱߵİ尲ο
ô£ѵղˡƾεȻ̾һʮֵɨˣؼЩ쵰ÿ˾ȻҳҺɡ
⻰ϳ鴤
ү治֪Ǽٲ֪ѧԺʲôˣҸɲҪ̫ס
½
ƾʦȻûп㣬㾹ȻͻƵ˽ɾ磬ҼǵõϿεʱҲ棬ɼá
ʦôǵã˵һѧ棬ɼģһ˵ľɵҲ
ôܣҵ첻˵ֻԲܣⶼҥԣҥԡ
ʦĽڲء
ʲôڲ٣Ҫתƻ⡣
ʦǺ񡭡
лʦ񡭡ʲôлʦҽ̵ӦõģгϢҲˡ
ƾޣĸ쵰˵лʦ
ɶ˼ҵѵŪ㶫ߣ治İ
ʦҪȽȥɡ
ŶǺãлʦ飬ǧҪϣʦô̰ͼʲôлʦѧһִ˽һַףǴϵ˿ɻʼɣǡ
ƾͲһŰѵ߽ȥˣҪ˵ȥԺ˵ʦİ˶ûˡ
ôȥʦ編ƣ׵ľɵ
ҲбȽġ
ûУҪһвжñ趯޼ġ
ƾʾҶرĲҶֱӵĲԱˡ
ʵſڿȥˣ齻˰壬ԼĬĬػصɵ֮ϣһľƣӡ
Ϲ
ݿ˹ƾЩۡ
ƾɥ̾ڵѧԺ̫ˣЩʦѧһƤȳǽ񣬺úõһѧԺЩ˸ġ
⻰ݿɺϿɵĵ˵ͷ
棬ỹھС
ѧʦһ𣬸ûа⵱ʲôƾĽ磬ȫһѧԺٰĴۻᡣ
ʦ˵Ѷ¾Žµڰʮ汾ˡ
ţԶ¾Žµĸ򣬵ڰʮһ汾Ҳˡ
ʦ˵ǳԴ˫ȱʦҾͲˣ쵶˾ݵʮ汾
пսһ¡
֮áȱ˵ţȻץסһˣףⲻƾôҲˣ
ҡҲôƾо౻ݺݵһҵĽôѵҳﲻӦôô
ȵȣʲôʱġ
أȷЩ˵ĺ
ʦҺ˵ٰƾĽ硣ʱ
Աߵȱ֮󣬾ޱȣҲݣƾ㾹ȻͻƵ˽ɾ磬ʲôʱ飿
ƾ˵ʲôھһ䣬ôߣѧԺʦô
Ĳа
λʦͦģһ첻ߣëˣԼҲǶְ
꣬Ҳ̫׼ˣԴȣȻ֪˭ᣬô
ģ̫ˡ
ƾôˣôˣȱƾͨ죬˵һֵޱȹС
û£û¡ƾǿѹסԼĵ׵ŭ꣬ǲҶԶ㻹ôǳ԰ɺȰɣҾ͵ιˡ
ȻοԼܶˡ
ǱߣѧԺ֮űڤѩǹɹˣһⶼҪϰҡ
׺֮ȴǺߵ⣬ۿģ׸ڻñ˵ĶˣѡĶҲ̫һˡСѩһĶҪǧңһģҡ
ƾ·ҪѪˡ
׷ӣ׷ôЩɶҵĶ
԰ɣԲǡ
ʵǿȥˣǼȻǾ;ĳ԰ɣܳԶ١
ʱ򣬲֪˭һҺֵƾĽ磬ǳԾͳˣǧռ䷨װ
ⲻ˵ãһ˵˶۾һ
԰ռ䷨װ
ƾ˵ĴԷĶˣҿ϶˵һǹġ


1739 
Ȼֻ˷׷׶֡
Բûϵȥԡ
ƾ˵ĶҲûʲôУ͵һﻹծˡ
μģжǱһӹġ
ʱޱȻһַƾʢ磬˭Ҫõˣᱻ˳Ц
￴ҵľ棬͵͵ذĽǲεȫյԼĿռָ
˾ȻӺҲԼסᣬס
ɵϵĶܶܶ
֪˭ֺһ䣬ʱ۾һ
԰ɵϻкö
ƾⳡ棬޵Ķˡ
ڶ죬һʲôûзѧԺһƬƽûѧԺ̳κصӡ
Ҳѹ֣˭ڽ˶ҹĳҫ
ѧԺ֮Уں졣
ԺûȥƾĽ̫ɹˣ棬߱мʦѧǰ׳ۡĻڣҶˡЦ
⻰ֱҪЦˡ
ǽлڣ˵Ļί
ˣ͵ƾһﻹծˡνʵ˵ƾ˲ٵĶҲֵ˶ǮҲʮ鲻ྦྷ顣
ֻô˵ȥ
šҲǺͬеĵ˵ͷ
ƾѧԺһʼɽ֣ѧԺ̳ӹ˲٣ֻһСۣôҳһڶ
ǰˣҲͻˡ
ƾģѯһ£ƾǼһΪˣӦ͸״ô
Ŷɵ챻˰ˣҹͰᵽݿɵɵ
ǵ˵ͷݿΪļ֣ѧԺɵҪƾĻҪãֻһֱš
˵ƾͻˣڸвɵҪѧԺ԰ʵҲ顣
Ҳá
Ҳ׷ʲô΢˼һµҲøƾѧˣѧԺҪ֯ǰսʱƾսɱλ񣬾ͨˡ
Ȼƾͻƻãͻ֮϶Ҫȥս
ԺȥսϵѡѾˣ
ɡ
룬ȻɫЩأȻѧǵΪߣȥսΣأǲȥսĻЩѧһӶ޷ͻƵɾ硣˵Ϊɾ֮󣬵ֿҲ޷жΣѧԺ޷⡣սΣգȷʵҲǻڡɾ֮뾭ЩȻ޷ʶߡ
һᰲһЩʦԼ󲿷ʥɺͽɾѧǰȥԼȥȻȥˣǾҪѧԺѧԺһŵ֣ѧԺһλλʦѧԺһλλѧ֡Ҫ棬ѧԺǿģǵʦǿģǵѧҲǿġ
Ǽ˵ţȼܻ档
ѧԺݷ̫ˣ⽫ѧԺһ߽ߡ
ѧԺؽ档Ҳǿ϶ޱȵ
ţҲš֮⣬οѾע⵽ƾͻƵ֮ʵⲢûʲô汾Դ֮󣬷ʼңǰҪͨһַͻơڵĻֻҪ淨һ̶ȣʲô򣬶ַʲô̶ȣԴͻƵɾ硣ǻʵ淨ڣԺվһ죬޷һ˵
ûз򣿡ޱȣģǾе̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ڵĲϵɶǽڷ֮ϵġ
û˷һ˵ڵĲʲô
Ȼôʱ˾ͷѵΪֻӱȻûзҲķʧˣԺ׵ġЦЦ޾գƺδĳֿܡ
򣬱Ͳôڣ߲ô˵
ΪڣʵǶԲһơ
ǰ汾ԴԴ˽򣬹ֽҪˡ
ʱ򣬲Ĵɡ
ɣ׼һ£ʽս֮ǰһһȫԺ
ԺҪ
ޱȣⶼǺþûеˡ
˭֪ԺֻǽĴԽԽ٣Ŷʮûйˡ
š
ãȥš
ۺǼѧԺط֪ͨյ֪ͨѧǣʦͬǼޱȡ
ԺǲΪ磬˶ȥÿζǻǳ
ݿɵɵƾæµš
֮ԻûǸ״ΪˣиҪҪ
ƽҦµռָ
Ҫɹˡ
ܲܰеʧ׬Ϳһˡ
ƾޱȣ漴ֻһǿռָϵĽʧˡ
ʶ̽˽ȥ
Ȼˣ澹ȻһֽΪʲôǿɷ֮ġ
óһ澹Ȼֻһ֣ϲⲻʵʲôûС
ƾҪѪŭҦܣҺûꡣ
ǿھҪȥ״ĳ嶯ƾ˿ʣµһռָġ
ţǺųʥգӦòںŪ
ٴȼôһϣʼƽռָϵĽơ
ˣǻһʱ䡣
ǵöռָֻһٶ౾鼮
ѵؼ
ƾ˼ţв²⡣
ǵó֮˶ˣʲôؼ
һ鼮Ȼǽν˴ƣνԼ˼뾳֮ġ
ã
ƾһͰѿռָķ顣
ˣҵȫ͵飬Ǹɶ˼
˵ҲǺˣ˵˼뾳ֱͣǸҦܸɶ

ǽڵˣѾ֮ˡ
ƾþòƾЦϴĽ̫ɹˣĻڣ˱ˡ
ãǻô
ޣʱҲûðɡ
ƾҧͺƴĶˣ˵ǻǺѡ
ˣһܣҸող֮ǰѾ˳ͻƵ˽ɶΪˡ
ɶƾһŵĿź󣬼ֱǳļʰ
ΪԼͻƵɾѾѧԺһݶˡ
ڿڵһݶӵѾЩͻƵɶѧ
ǰ˵ţѺõչʾһԼΪϢôྫി⣬ɢĽ⣬Ϲ۾̫Ѫ
ƾһˡ
֪ԼԲǶ֡

ƾ뵽ʲô޺޵
˵ʲôһоԼոպʲô
ƾ޺޵ظ
ˡ
ȥǲعأҫԼʲô
ƾȴе꣬㻹ЦҰ
Ŷˣأ
ߣҸǰʲô


1740 
һԽеĺ󣬶ʱͷɥ
ðɣ˴˿ˡ
쵰ƾţȽһÿ
źһɥ뿪ƾЦбߡ
ƾ˵ǳƵģͷݺݵؿһۣơ
ţƾǷ´½
ûΪߣûʵǿŰô
ʱоԼüʱˡ
ඣҦܡƾȥ˵Ҧܸոչû㲻ô¡
ƾ뵽֮ǰƾʱԼһպһԼ˵ġ
ֻ˾ˣЦôô¡
ǸƾʲôҦܾ
ʲô㣬ûһֽô˵ţƾϸҦܡ
Ǽֱ˵ԣ˵ľ㣬
ôҧҰ
ƾСҦƾ˼ʱֱҧԭء
ƾЦҿŵˣŻԺӣ˵ˣˣ
쵰ơҦƹƾѾôʹˡ
ˬƾ˷ޱȣȻֿǱڹȥʥգޣ
ҵ⣬ǵô˵ϲҵ̫ˣĿ㲻񵭵˵ţȴһ㶼Цݡ
ƾס籾дİ
ǸԺӡ
ǼӰɣ
ӾͲǵˣҪô峤ɲ
أɣ
ƾʱ֪ô˵ˣֱӰ
ֹУȻ
վŸʲôȥǰռλӡ

ƾ󲽳ǰȥ
ǻԣǰŪҴˡ
ǻ
ƾֹһѰԼĿꡣ

ƾԺֵˡ

Сȣ˽һ£Сޡ
ᣬһᡣ
Ħʦ
ƾǳˡ

ۿŽҪʼˣƾ˷ܵĻصݿߣһȺνǴȫʤ
ĺˬûôˬ
Ǵңǰҵɵˣá
ʱǵӰ˽̨ϣ̨ڵĵҲѧԺĿǰĵ
֮Ϊ
Ϊʲô֣Ƕ֪Ǵﴫģ֪˭ġ
֣󰡡
Ͼокʥ˹λʵͿԳ֮Ϊ
ǳ֮һѧһΣӣƾ
룬ҲϻͿʼ
νҪݲԶǹ汾Դ֮·
ţޱ𾪡
ʲôԺķף
͸оˣдľǻǰʱһȷ򣬾Բôס
ʲô֮ǰ޷ɷҲԺ󶼿ˡ
һϢҪ֪ٸ߲εɷǲնӦķҲֻܿˡ
˲ͣؽȥҪԼ֪ȫѧԺѧ
һνûʱ䡣
˵һֱȥԼ뿪Ϊֹ߽㵹Ϊֹ
һ֮һ꼶ѧѾоͷͣʶԼ˻ãʶģѪ˵ϡ
ֲȥģ뿪Ҫǿš
ǿ˵£ͣѵʱ˳ź濴ȥŷѧ֪ɶʱѾεˣͳȥ
˶ˣ˵˵Ѫڵϣǲе롣
ǼȥвѧҲѼȥгвѧ̧ˡ
֮󣬸вѧҲʼ˱̧ߵĽࡣ
ϣʣµѧԽԽ١
ʱʶν
֮󣬸вʣѧѾ޼ѧ棬ЩѧҲʼͷˡ
ʮ䣬ѧȫûûмȥ
ĵ˵ͷֹͣ˽
ˣ͵ɡ
վǱѵµĴѧѧͻȥ
ʦʱҲ׷ǿǵ񣬶Ǿޱȡ
Ҳʲô񹥻Ҳʲôʮ֮ȴѧԺѧȫû
Ҳֲ̫˰ɡ
֮ѧԺһ֪ͨˡ
ѧԺ齨һ֧飬սսʦȻС
һʱ䣬ѧԺˡ


1741 Ϲѵвв֢
ϸǷ޼ɡ˴ۡܡǧ䡢ѩĴաȻС
ʦĿˡ
ѧа˰ٶˣЩѧΪѾʥɾ磬кܶ໹ʥ۷塣
ҦܡסҶӰĽ
ѧԺſ˵Ҳȫ
ͬʱԺǴ˴жҪˣҲǰȥ
ڳڣڵͳ֮
ڣʵҲͻֻһµʱ䡣
ѧ֪ǰսϣҾܻŻҲǺ֮ܶˡ
ԣѧǶϧ۵ʱ⡣
ļ棬֪ĸĸ˭ص˼棬Ÿĸò͡
Ȼʱ㸸ĸȥһ˻ǣ˵ʵĸĸû뿪
˿ĸ÷˻صԼϼҡ
ǵլӣʵѾûסˣΪ֮󣬰ݷõʵ̫ˡ
ĿǰѾΪһ˹ʾӣǵһ㡣
հǰסĵط
ڱȽϻľƾˣִݿɻؼңĸĸȴһɫƵӡ
ִʲôһǲɵôеĶӡ
ҲգҵôƯš
ƾֱҪˣȻһǿĲģԲġ
ǣûŰ
ѧԺʱʮĸĸʱѾ˼䡣
˿ںԼһָ
Ȼ˵ӺҲΪѧԺѧȴΪ츳⣬һҲͼֵвʹѧԺҵˡ

˿̵ǣȴ˪
˹źͨʱ룬ԼԺ˪ôҸĹһӡ
־úЦѧԺԺһСӣȫҲûʲô֮˪ŮܿŹ֡
ϹҪһӰɡ
˪㿴ǣȻʮ˵
ӣ
һ£
Ҫеֲôһתˡ
ҸооҪͻƵɾ֮Ҫӻѡ˪Щص
ʵѶȲ㣬ҡ롣
˪ǣ¶˾
Ѷ㣬ʲô˼
Ϲѵвв֢
˪ѿڶǷһš
ǼֱҪѪˣʲôв֢㻹Զ̫ôȥдС˵
ûˣҪǴѧԺ棬Ժš
ҵ˼ΪҪأҵΪ̫ˣ֪ΪԽߣѶȾԽ󣬲ĺҲԽǿֻý͵
˪֮ؿڣԭô£ŵġ

ܿȥһѧԺѧʦҪˡ
е½ǿһˣ̲סЦˣƾϵô£
Ҳǿ˹Ȼ󶼱ƾ𾪵ˡ
òǱ˴İɣ
ƾʱҵԺһȺͽңѧԺ棬ѾǵĴˡҲ֪˭Ҳ̫ˣÿһķǰҵͷҵʶȻͶһᡣ
⻰ǲûЦ
ͶˣѧԺҫţ֪ĵж١
Ǹպ˰ۣҫַŭ˰ɡ
ƾû£֮ǰѧԺ㣬Ҫ뿪ѧԺˣӦòˡ

ƾɵˣ񣬼ֱ˵ôǰ׳ô
ҵˣȫˡ
ѧԺңѧԺû˹˼ֻݰ
ƾ˵ʲôǰ˰֣ʱǰ˴򣬾ҪԼΪʲô򣬲ҪңܰǸʲôѵǴȥ
⻰ƾĶˡ
˼ԺΪ£ô
ƾ֪ԼΪʲôô
֪
ƾ˵ͷ޺޵ԭҵΪ̫ˣȻܴҲŹ֡ЩҵˣǱ⣬ҳ
ɼֱ޵ˡ
Ƕ֪˵ʲôˣͶˣ룬ôĶ
˵⻰ĵϣƾһȦ

սӥ·
ǻɱһٶʮλ֮˺ʮ꣬Ѿ߾ռݣΪ˵߾ǰߵפء
Ŀǰ߾ţһȫ
ѧԺ͵߾ǩЭ飬ڵ߾֮ڣѧԺԳһκ˹Ͻ
ԣѧԺҪĵط
֮ǰѾ֪ͨ˻ԳǿӻźһС
ųѧԺҪˣ
ɣʲôСֵġųƽ˵ţûæŵôȥһ¡
ܻܲȥԳ巢ϵ˲ŸոպãеأȥҰô
ǵ߾ţǵĵ̣µĽѧԺѵ㲻ɡų̩ޱĵģ˸㣬ʱҸ޷ˣԷķ񽫶Ź򡣡
⻰Գʱо˵
԰
¸ë߰ǵ߾ţɲѧԺĵˡ
ϴռƣҲˣҵ˵һܱ
뵽ЩԳޱ˷
ųȥǰפءѧԺҪԳһ㿴ǰŵפط
ҪԳһӦò٣ôҲиʮ˰ɣȻʲôԳһ͸ǰһ˵פذɡ
ס
Գ˵ţӪʡ
Ȼ˳ӭȥˣΪ׳׳磬Ӳקʮλһ𣬳䵱ԼСܡ
Ȼӣˡ
Գá
޼ɿ˿ǰˣ
ôһԼֳ嶯ء
ӭӾӭӣʮλʲôѧԺһô
ĺȥһһ٣Ʋסô졣
ǣ
Գŷ޼ɣַ޼ɾȻһλ񣬶ԴҲô⣬֪ѧԺǿˡ
޼ɾǺҲֳֻǸЦѧԺʦ޼ɣѧԺʦѧս
Գ˵ͷߵ˷޼ɸǰ
Ȼֻһʮִ󵨵ľٶȻ֣Ȼķ޼ɵļ
棬еǶˣһﲻҪˣ޼ɵļҲġ
ðɣһˡ
޼ǰɣǵһսﲻôϤѾսսǧ꣬νǾḻǼȻˣԺ͸һɣһչ˺ǵģ˭ҺԺֵܣҲǣ˭ǡ
Գʮֵ˵ںɵˡ
ԳԳԼĲô軹ʲô˵
ԺֵܣʹԺô
Ժɾء
㻹չ˷޼ʦûи޼ʦʵλųɶһǶ֣㻹չ
ǺǺˡ
ˣ˵ˣ۰
͵űɣ˭Ȳ㣬ǰ޹˺ˡ
ǸԳȴǵפذɡ޼룬ôˣԼһѻԳ
ãû⡣Գ˵ţǵǰ·
棬ѧʦҪΪһĬˡ
㲻㳹ˡ
ˡ
ԳѧԺˣһܴפء
ô󣿡
޼ɶǾޱȣոһ£ǰ˵һҲôפء
ǰôפأ̫˼ˡ
ǵȻ˵ѧԺԳһȻҪһĵطôطҸѡģλû԰ɡ
ԣ̫ˡ
޼ɿŻԳһﻹͦ׵ô
ʱֻԳȻطԣǾѧԺѧʦǣϿɡ
޼ɶʱס˿ԼΧˣѵ滹ˣô֪
ʵǿȥˣ߳ѧԺˡ
⻰Գˣ˶ˡ
ʲô˼νԳһⲻǧˣ
Ǻǣ
ǺţƵԳһҶ٣Ǳƭҡ


1742 ųôˣ
޼ɿŻԳһӣѾѻԳ̡
ţϾÿ
ôǧ˾ͲԳһˡ޼ɺߵҿѧԺԺ޵ʱ
УطԳǺڰ֪һ趼ǧˣôܸôһפطӵ
ȥû
ջǲɣ
ֻŷ޼ǲƵվû˵⻰
طȻҲʹպϣѧԺҲ޵ˣɡ޼ɴ˻ԳĻ
ԳΣлպϣպϸƨ
Ҳֻˡ
Ҫھˣȷʵ˵ȥһѧԺһˣʱ˭߾š
Գﻹոô飬ԽԽ
Ϊиʮˣһ£ǶΪҵСܣҾܳɹѳˣ˭֪ǾȻֻǧ˶ѡ
ǿӰ
ȥ·ϣʮλԳ񽫾ǣҲǸܲá
ƾʲôųǲв
Ҳǧ˶ѧԺȻڵ߾Գһôһפء
̫ƽˣӵ
Գȥ֮󣬿̩޶֪˵ʲôˡ
ųҪ˵ѧԺνԳһʵֻвǧˣ᲻ң
Գ˵Ͼһִٳɵġ
룬ǲٵôѧԺа
̩޻ͷ˿ԳЦеôأҲʹжѡ
⻰Գʱһ
һ£ˣˡ
Գ˵ţ𼱻ǵ뿪ˣҪˣ˭˵ȥ
Գӣ̩޺һǺһһڵʱ򣬵ѧԺٵĺôȻѧԺǧ˵һСӶѣܳɸƨһ
̩ʵѾ֪ˡ
ȴ϶ǻԳѧԺ˺ţȫǵԳţƴ̫ˡ
ѧԺôһ֮أҲزס̩ЦЦֻһǧ˵СӣûйĹעΨһעֵҲֻз޼ˣ˭÷޼ѧԺ棬ϵΨһһλ
ѧԺפԱߣŵǷ
һٶ˵ķսʿ˿Լ˵פأֿ˿ѧԺפأÿ˶ܼʰ
ƾʲôһٶռôطһǧ˲Ҳռôط
ھôǸɡ
ѧԺյʱȻŪʲôѧԺĵϸ˵
ҹĻ٣ѧԺӪ֮ڣǿ˿޼ɺͺ˴ۣȥȥɣһپˣǧˡ
޼ɺͺ˴۵˵ͷӰһʧˡ
ǵʶϢĸȥ˿ռ䣬ȻͿԳ޼ɺͺ˴ץһȿռ䣬һ
Գٴ˶ˣǵ߾Ű
ɶ񣬼ֱ̫ɶˡ
ԳȻһȥҾų̩ˣߵųҪ㿴첲ӡȫǱѧԺ˴ġǼֱ̫ˣ̫޷ˡ
ʲô
̩޿ԳӣҲǾˡ
ҪҪôţҵĵ̣ȻĿµĽ˵򹷻Ҫ˵ô
ȵȣȷѧԺ˴㣿̩ɻĿŻԳ
ԼԼһ٣Ȼ⵽߿࣬Ȼ赶ɱ˰ɡ
һܸɳ顣
ųҸҿ϶ǣϤζֵ֪ľڵʱҵЩˡԳ϶ޱȵ˵һֱһģһ
̩޵˵ͷһ£ֻϴλԳʱЯơ
ϴĵͬκֻ
ã͸˵ţ̩޴ŻԳͳѧԺפضȥ
ԳǸ⣬Ͷˡ
þų֣ѧԺЩʦѧǣݺݵһ١
ѧԺפأ̩޻ˣ޼ɵһ㶼⡣
ѧԺ˶ҳ
̩壬Ŀ࣬ѧԺפظǰһפضҪƷˡ
޼ʱ򲻽˳ӦþǾųǰɣʲô飿
̩޿ŷ޼ɣƺϿһЩߣʧˣǰķ޼ɾһ󺣣ʲô
ߣ
̩Цʲô飬Ҫ˵ôԼԳǵ߾ŵĽǾԲķ񽫣ŹԳǾڴǵ߾ŵԻԳֵԼվҿԵû
޼ɺǺˣ˵Ļһֶš
ҪվˣŵһȺŹҡ
ôû˸վôҴ򲻸ҵô̩޼ЦѧԺҲôǸ߿ˡ
ų֮ǲʲô᣿˵˴˻Գ㿴ѧԺˣҲһôŹѵԳôһ˶һʲôģؼҲδǻԳ񽫵Ķְ޼һҺԩӣϡ
ôܺãǾϲͷڹ꣬ʲôѧԺͽ
ų˵еˡ
֣ҪǶ԰Ұǲϲˣб½ҵӪʣʱ㡣˭˭ӡ
⻰޼ɲûס֡
ʱյǵĴ÷޼ʱ̡
ֱӺ;ųŸɣ̫ǣӮˣŪĴҶ֪ˣѧԺҲûڵ߾Żˡ
ߣһȺų򡣡
̩˵֮󣬿Ȼû˳ϣŤͷˡ
Գں棬̫ˬˣüˣǾų簡
ϧû˸վϣȻ͸ˣ̫ϧˡ
ڶ죬һ硣
ԳԼһȦ̩ܵ޵ӪʣųЩ쵰ˣˣ˰
˵ţѾ̩޵Ӫ档
˭ģȥ
̩ڳĨʲôԳֱĹŶã̲סǴ
ʱ򣬻Գע⵽̩޵
ɵˣ˶˲±ˡ
ųôˣԳ˵ţ뵽ʲôȻһľ֮ɫѵѧԺЩһǰҲˡ
̩޳Ĭˣֻһ˾һ
ҲǼȵĻ
˵Щų֮޵ô鵰ģĸ쵰Ϲ˵ģΪʲôоһκһԼǿ
ȻŻԳһӵûط˭һжΪһ
Գ̩ǲƵ̲סһųҪʲôҪҪ㣬㡭ŶأŶ
·սʿǣ˳ųӪʣ̫ˣ껹˵ͻԳǻûһȣƭ˭أǺˡ


1743 ˵õĲһ
ӪսһСʱŽ
º̩޺ͻԳԶ˴۵СۣȻԼͬЦ
Цʲô
Цʲô
ԳΣܲЦô
ѧԺװƣбңҾӪţ˭˭ӡ
ð˼ˣ֪˭˰ɡ
ѧԺе롣̩޳һ£
Գͬĵ˵ͷ
ֹǱ룬ֱ̫ˣˣųҲ˵ʹ
һˣ˭Ұ
˵ڴһٶȥܱܲ𣿡̩ѯʵҲﲻʰѵԼҪױһ١
Գ⻰׳һĿ̩ޡ
㿴ӣ֪ܱܲˡ
ţе̩޲ȻԳش𣬾ԹԵ˵ѧԺ˿϶ϣЩ쵰ȥ϶С
Գ»Ǯ
ųĻʲôøˡ
Գ˵ѧԺôôǿ̩һôš
˵ģֵˣоԼκһǶ֡
һ÷סͷֱӾ͸ʶӦĻᡣ
꣬Ҷ񣬲ô˺͹Ĳ඼
ųҲͺ˵ôսֺľ˼ġ˵ɶ˵λںսһҹɱһٶʮλǿ߿϶ѧԺʦԺѧԺѧһԳε˵㵱ǰ׳һ
ڣ˰ɡ
ѧԺǲ𣬻ұָȻǲС
ѧԺô
ѧԺǸ֪֮أ˵񣬾²£

̩޲ҿˣ˵ˣҲ°
ѧԺүүǲ
һ£ˡ
Գ룬Ǳˣһ̩ٴʩ
̩ǿסˣԺҲùˡ
ţΪ
̩ҲŻԳڻԳҪȥʱ뵽ʲôߵҪʲôõϢСƨɡ
Գһɷˡ
Сҵƨɣޣ㵽ҪҸʲô
ؼҲ˵㱻ˣ׳ͷˣҪѧԺ˵ȥˣܲҲ㵽ͷϰɡ
ͷ̩񣬾Ծ˼
ҲŲ˭˵ģֻҪʲôԷȫԳĹ
ꡭˡ
ԳĶˣѵԼҪȥѧԺǱ߹һǱ˵
ʲôϵ
УҪݼ꣬Ҳˡ
Ҷ
Գбݼ꣬±˿׳ͷɣȻʱųɾȫˡ
Ȼ󣬻Գĵؿ˿ԼͨѶа
Ǹոհ͵˺üţԺ᲻Ϊһǿɱﵡ
ţ̩ޣԺÿ
ѧԺפء
ʦѧǶİΪһ̴ģֻںͣսڡ
ԺǸ̩޵ľųݼˡ޼ǺŲ裬Ц
šǵ˵ͷҲ̲סЦһŵĲһǳˡ
תһµʱȥˡ
ԱߵķƺѧԺĵϸҪȷѧԺһλʦѧΪƺҲһ㡣
ߺߣ
һǧ˲С飬սȫԺԲǵĴڣȻռôĵطô
ôϵзʿԽеֱӰԼһѧԺפؾӪˡ
㻹˵ǵطס
ѧԺѧʦȻԸˣ˵ƾʲôǾ٣Ҳǵפأкһ͹ˣô
ɲУһҪǺÿ뽻ס޷ѲС
Ҧܵסһ˽͵͵Ĺˣƾ
ʲô
Ҧܿһ͸оûдʲô⡣
ƾҲҦܣԹ˵ĳһЦҦܣͦĵģ
Ҧܵ˵ͷ㻹˵ͦĵġ
ҦܵӣƾѹôҿҲûɶ£ǴΡ
Ҧûˣƾ֪Ҧء
ģӦҲˣƵƵз˹ƣڷԽΪҺѧԺʦǣԺʹԺʦǲ˼֣Ҫˡƾһ˵Ҧǰֶš
ѧǺʦԺˣⲻǳƤôҳ
ܾԺԺҲ̫ˡ
л˵Ĩǵġ
ðɣðɣ㼱ģ࣡ƾ˰֣ҦҪɱ˵Ҳٷϻˣҹ۲һЩķսʿʵ󲿷ֶλ񾳽ѣһĸ֡Щ˾ǺͷפؽǸСפţȥһŭֵ϶ǡ棬˽¶ŹΥģʱҾ͸һߵУս㣬սɲΥ档
Ҧţ˶ˡ
ɶ˼ȥܡ
Ҧƾæ𼱰һû˵ꡣȻսǲҪеͷٺ١ѾˣЩսʿٶսϱ٣е˶ϰѫ㡭
ʱҦܾˡ
꣬Լͱ˶ԶģȻûһʡ
Ҧ֪ܲ˵ʲôˣֲҪĵӣҲƾְ뵽ɡ
ôɲɣҸоһҪӪõĻǹѫ׬ʮҪǶԷɵĻпܡ㿴սţƵһͿʵɱôãҲͲŻ˼ʮ㹦ѫѡƾţᵽֱڴ̼Ҧܰ
˼ֱ˵õĹѫ࣬ʹ
ԣġ
ҦܶٳĬɫ粻ƾȴǺȻŭ쵰ҵʲôˣڱǰŪյСôҿ˵糤ԱжԶҹԶ
ƾסҲݣӦô
ѧ
ȵȣ㲻ҵĴɣҸԲУȻʱһ㡣ȻҲ㣬ûŻܻõĹ׵ҲҪۿۣʱʧĻ㡣ƾɵĿ˿ҦܣߺߵŤͷҪߡ
߰һֳôҦܿŶҪȥƾҲúɫ
ƾͷ˶ˡ
꣬㱻쵰ƭˣ˵糤ѧԺϵ˵ˣƭء
һֳɣҲ̫˰ɡ
壡ƾ˴󻹼ģʽߣҵҲڲгɱģһ㶼㡣
磬û۵İҦܿЦãӦô˵һ˵ģ˵˶˵Ȼ˵˵ɽ㿴ʵͦƽİɡ
ƾϸ룬԰
ʼģԼҲɣҲǰ˶
ϾֻһֻԱߺ666㣬ֵʵҦܡ
ô
ţ˶ˡƾЩͷѿӷƨҪһٸʲô
㿪ʼ۰ɣ
һ
ãɽҦܵ
ƾʱɵˣ˵õĲһ


1744 ǲɵǲɵ
ʲôǲǱ·ˣ
ѽ
Ҧܣû뵽ˡ
ҦȴǺܵĿƾôˣô
ƾҧҧԻô
Ҧܣţƣ
ţһǰɣ̫ˡ
ΪǺ̸ģߣ㻹̫ˡ
ƾ߹·ߵ·࣬Ժ֮һ֪
ڶ죬Ҧܺƾˡ
ΪģмʮλѧԺѧһȥˣЩѧʵ˵ˡ
פغѧԺפظǰǸĿǰû֡
ƾѾ֣δ
ţ֣һرиУԴҦܶˡ
δϣ˿Ѿۼһǧķսʿ˵סںߣط¶ˡ
ۿŵˣƾһ˰Сǣ޵󱲣ͷڹꡭԽˣȥ
һӻ绰Ҧܲôоƾһ𶼻öۡ
ţ˵˶Ǵ
˰ǣ
սʿǺǣôľһǡ
ȥǵģҸоһžܰȫ
ǱߣȻһǧ˵ŭֵǡ
ǿǷսʿսȻ˵˰Сǣͷڹֱ꣬ˡ
ģЩѧԺˣҲͿǲ˳ˣռôפأƾʲô
Ҧܿһǧͬʱɱ¾Ϣ˶Ǿˡ
꣬ĵ˻ҩͰ
ƾȴǼޱȣЩ⣬ûУҿרҵġ
ֿ˿ҦܣϿɾҪˣһҪ
ô
ƾųɹըëһȺսʿƵҰ˭Ҵ˭ӣ
˵⻰ʱƾҲǵսľġ
꣬ҲŸոͻƣǿɱĶ֣Ҫסס
ߣ޵󱲣㵨ӶûиϽǵĹѰɡ
һȺųɵƣ
ôˣʲôΪҾˡ

ƾһ˾ǼǹһβҦˣ˵ԱҲˡ
꣬һ˾Ͱѳˡ
Ҫս㣡
̲סˣŭĺ
ǲҴ㣬Υ棬ս㣬аɡ
ϸһ߿׵״󺺣һĽëһ͵ġ
ƾΰĺûгɾ͸аΪʲôһжҪҵԤ֮УҹȻѧԺô
ףǺˡ
ܱȵңҲѧԺѧ
սսս
սʿǶǴһʱȺ鼤ܣƶѹƾ
ƾɿһ£ǿ״ŵӵǵԼ˭˵սҾսңǿЦҿѧԺԪ֮ڣ⼸Ԫ֮Ӣ䣬˧ˣ츳˵õѧսңǻ䡣
ƾһĲмӣһȺսʿҪҧˡ
ҦܵҲòȥ̫ҪˣԼôʲôӢ䣬˧ˣ츳˵ãҪŶ԰ɡ
Ҧܶ׬ʲô׵ˣеúõһƾˣһȷʵǷᡣ
ƾƺҲ֪Լ˵ЩˣͷʾһҦܣ˼ǵⶼΪ׬㰡
㡭
ëָƾ˶챻˵ˡ
ƾоҲˣİˣǾͲˡ
ָʲôָôãҲ˵ҲЩᣬλҵСܣ˵κֻҪһǧѫ㣬ȻԴ֮ҲУͿԺһսֻҪӮͿսҡƾ˵š
һǧѫ㣿
һǧսʿȫסˣת̫ˡ
ؼǣҲ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ɱһͨλҲһٹѫ㣬أء
ƾһʱˡ
꣬԰
ЩһŭֵôˢˢĿʼ½ˡ
ȥɲа
ոպòӪգôôˣǸϽȻҪӮˣһǧѫ㻹ǵġôųǣҲң
⻰ų֣ñ½ŭ˲ֿʼ
ȻֻǽëӴȵãǸСܽгھͺ򡣡
Ҧܴ˿޵ĶˣɶʱΪƾСܣ֮ǰû
һܾһǧѫ㣬һʲ⡣
𣡺𣡺𣡡
ۣ
ѧԺĻ쵰Ǹϻؼҡ

ƾʱĵض㵽˺棬ĬĬز˲ǾĶǰ
Ҧܿһʲô۰ɣ㿪ˡ
ʼ
֪˭һ䣬ҦӰһͳȥȻһȭȥǽۻûзӦ˾ſˡ
ƾһĻʱɵˡ
꣬ǲɵ㻹ˣ˧ôѡ
Ҧܴװˣװľֵô滹˭ϣ˵ǲɵǲɵ


1745 ·Ϯ
Ҧ⴫˶±ˡ
ϸһƾĻҲݣ԰
ҪǱֵ̫ˣ滹˭սңǿɶǰ׻Ĺѫ㰡
Ѿע⵽ܱǷսʿǵ񣬹ȻЩˡ
ݣʱݰ
ҦܱվӣȻϻЩͮͮģžһ
ƾ
꣬ʲôƨݼôѣ֪ͲҦܺˡ
ʱô죬ܱ¶
ֻɤӴ͵Ϯ͵Ϯ޳ܣ޳֮ͽ
ۣ
˿Ҧȴעƾƾں󺰣˶ˡ
꣬˭͵Ϯˡ
˵ƾôһǱߵսʿҲŴ
ҲǺܽģôܳϽ۰ˡ
ԣ͵Ϯ͵Ϯ
Լ±ˣ͵Ϯô
ҦܿһȺ˶Ҳúްʱƾˡ
Ÿʲô᲻ᰡ㣬ϷûУ
衭
ҦĺˣȻƾҲֻһߵˡ
ߣʼˣԼ񣬻á
Ÿʲôһǧѫ㡣
ôˣսʿˣ
ǽվֻ֮ðһǧѫתҦܣȴ޺޵㣬ʤ֮䣬һָˣս㡣
Ҧˣ˼˵͵ϮˣҲô˵˺òá
Ҫһ
ҦѾսʿǣѾԾԾˡ
ս㣡
һİСֳ˫һԾҦܶ档
ԼѾҦܵʵϾոҦ͵ϮۣˣʵҲôô
ԼʤˣʱҲڷһˡ
á
Ҧܵ˵ͷ
ʱƾҦˣæҲݣɱˣ˧ˣҪװɺܼѲȡʤЩ˾ֻҪһ£һ¾ܻ㡣
ҦܺǽƾĽ顣
ȻһսͼҶˡ
ҦܺͶԷսϰٻغϣζǺܼѵȡʤˡ
ƾͷȻҦܵݼкܶǺŪŪЩǷķսʿҲ๻ˡ
˭Ҫһս˭ųСǣ
ҦŽһķսʿﰵˬոտһǧѫˡ
ս㣡

ǾҦÿһοŶҪζҡҡ׹ȡʤ
ʤʮ峡һǧѫѾС
ƾʱҦܴסˣôסֱװΡϾҪսȥе̫ˣȻ
ǣһ֮˻ȥȥˡ
ս
һֻһǧսʿֱӾۼǧˣҦܶ±ˡ
ĺðɶǹѫ㰡
ȻԶ
£˾Ȼƾֵͼ·׬һѫ㣬ʮԴһͽ׷
ûսȴ׬ô๦ѫ㣬ֱǵ߸˵ۣ֮ǿЦá
ôսҦܵҲԽԽ١
ΪøսҦܣƾʾ֭뵽һ⡣
ӷһУȻ󷢲һͣ˵˭ܻҦܣһѫ㡣
˵֮£·
һ׬ʮѫ㡣
ֻǽûսҦˣϾţλλ񶼰ˡ
ҦܵӪ֮ڡ
糤Ҹոշһ飿һ˵Ա
ʲô飿Ҧܴ˿ܲԼŪѫˣܲˬô
ҷƾȻкüѫ㡣
ʲô
⻰Ҧ˶ˡ
˵õľһֳôôҵĹѫ㻹ࡣ
ô£
񡭡ƾͱ˽սʱ͵͵ڷ濪̿ڡ
Ա˵Ҳΰ
Ҧܸǳˣ껹ôô
ģҦܾȥƾˣֻˡ
ֲõһŷֳɣҲͬ⣬ԭô£а
ƾ
ҦܰˡƾˣҲЩ⣬ôˣġ֪ˣڵɵˣǵӪղˣǲҪߵͷˡģһһ׬׵·
Ҧܿƾӣֱҧ㻹װǰɡ
ôˣʲô⣿
ǲڷ濪̿ڣ
ƾҦӣЩ˼㶼֪ˣ
Ҧܴ˿̽ȭͷˡ
Ҧܣɶƾһû͵û˵ˣҿ̿ҲûΥѧԺ涨ɡҪǸңȥԺٱ㡣
侲Ҫ侲Ҧܿƾǿŭʵ㣬㵽˶٣
򡭡׵㡣ƾ
һ롣ҦܺԥľͿڵǾͲ˵㲻ơ
һ룿ƾҧҧ֪סҦܣҪһҲ̫ˡ
ǰɣҾ͹ܸˣʱ÷սʿս㡭
סѫ㣬Ȼ˴Ұɡ
á
Ҧܵ˵ͷ
ڵһѫҲƾĹѫˣ
ߣһϢȴǺȻʹ˹
Ȼ˶Цˡ
ڣֻޡ
ϢǱģǷԼ·ϮˣϮ߲Ǳˣ
ʦԲ۷ΪĻǿռ䷨򣬶սԲ
˷ʮλԲһӾ׬˺üǧѫ
꣡
ƾҪˣôô
֪ʲôҦܡ
ȥˡƾ˵ҦҲǺĵ˵ͷ


1746 㻳˭
˻࿴˿Ȼ¶һζЦݡ
ˣ
ôܹ˵˵һҪжС
ֻ˵ڡ
ѧԺפأĳӪ֮ڣװκ̻Ի͡
Ӫ֮ڣܵ⣬˶ƮƮҪĸо
ƾƾ㲻Ǻ֮ô㲻ǾԼѧԺôҿһƨһô׬ѫ⣬أôæ˼£׬˶ٹѫ㣬ʮ򣬻Ǽ򣿶ֻæһΣ׬˼ǧĹѫ㡣ҲѧԺˣ˭趼ûҴ
ôţоԼһ˲ܽŲҦܣ׷񣬳ΪѧԺһĴˡ
ˡ
Ժƾʲô͸ʲôҪƾĸ
¸¸š
о¸ţãؼǲҪʲôӣֻҪƾˡ
ȷԼԺ¸֮оǰ;һƬ
߸һףֻԼӪ泪̫û˼ˣҪȥͬѧǶ֪
ҪˣҪˡ
ǰЩҵˣǵţҪǸʲ
ţȥˡ
ԶƾҦܿǸڹˣð̹⡣
ϣ
ֻҦһ£˾ȥ
˵˶ǽΪҦܶѾͻƵɶˣػֻһ۾
ʰǻǾ͸׶԰СƵġ
ķӦʶǺǿģӰԼһʱӭȥ
꣬ѧԺפף˭˭
Ǹţ±ˡ
Ƕ֣ȫǶְһغϾͱҦ̵ܸˡ
Ȼ󲻵ӦͷϾͱһһĶ
ţо˶ˡ
ȭһֱ̫ˡ
ڶ죬սѵõĳһ⡣
һȳһյǵ⣬š
ɡ
ʵû취˵
Żű̲סЦˣݵеˣˡ
Ժң
ԺҪ
Ժ㿴Ӣޱȣò˰˵ȣ˵İһơ

ʵǿЦãһԿ䣬Ҫô˧ë߰˭ţ˵ҪĻ
˵ǵ߿İɣˡ
ﰡÿ˭㣿Щͷ
ʵȻǿ˭İ
ôҪԺͷǲܵģԶܵġ
룬϶ѧԺˣʦѧһһǡ
һ£˵
⻰Ѫˣ̱һ㶼
ŶΪʲô
ǵһԶ氡
룬ΪǸ˴ţСᵽԣӦþģʱ϶͵ˣԳºڷ߾ͻ֪ͬĸ쵰ҡ
Ŷ㶼˵ʲô
Ҳûʲô
һʲôġ
룬ҲǣʲôĹԺģʵҲûʲôˣҲ˵츳ûҺãû˧ڵΪѧ˵ѡһս׬˼ʮѫ㣬ֻ־˼ǧңûȡ
ţЩɵˡ
ţʵ
ԺôҾһɵģһΪ˵ţһѱһģ
Ҫȷʵ֤ݲСε
ë֤ݡ
֤ҾͲˣֱ˴ȥˡ
ɣһֻҪȷһͷ룬ˡ
ϲãлԺ
ˣȻǾͺ˵һ¡
ﾹȻ˵ˡ
ɵ𣿡
ңôҡ
ǵ˵ͷǾͺãȻȥɡ
ˣֻôô֣Ժֻôһʣ
Ҳ뿼ôˣҺûꡣ
һطое㲻ģȥҦܡ
ϾҲ˵ĸ糤Ҧ糤
ʱȫҦΪ
ֻҦ˵һҦ˶ˡ
糤ҵ˾ޣԣ޲磬һΪ
ģһΪģúΪģϾ˵ĸ糤ҦǺܴ˵
ֻԼֲһ䣬ôԱҺƾĴⷢ˴ƣһʱôû뵽ҡ
ˣ̤ʵˡ
ҦߺƾֱӾǵˡ
ƾԥ͵ǻ˵ʲô
ֻʱ˻ûü֣Ϳһ˰ץ˳ںᡣԥ룬ϼս
ڶ죬ٴҵǣߵԺҪ˵ֱ˴ˣҴҵ˴Ų
ǳһ£ʵ㻳˭


1747 ٱѧԺ
˼һ£ʮֿ϶һɺһһǺ󡣡
ŶΪʲôǺ󣿡Ц֪һôģ㡣
ҳ˱˵˵Щ˼
ľˣţˡ
ǲѧԺǿѧ㶼︹̹
㱻ˣһ㶼ҵġ
֪ˣȥ֪ͨˡ˵ţҪ뿪
һֻ
ҵ֪ͨҰɡ
Ҫһʲôģ
һ÷޼ʦǿפصİȫ֤ٴηǼһѵԺӡ
Ժ˵ǻһġ
Ȼ⻰Ķˡ
޼ʦǽӽ߼ĴڣԼԼڿԷĵĳȥˡ
ˣ̲סúЦ
ɧ꣬㻹̫ˡ
ˣԼԭƫƫ״㶼ˣѾ׶԰Сˣ֪ô
һ죬Ȼˡ
Ժҡֱˣĸˣĸ˰ﰧһȦˡ
̫ˡ
Ƕǲֱˣֻǹݵġ
ԷǳթлɵĶô
һʦԣһ
ǿ϶ޱȵӣˣ赽ôµġ
ⶼˣܿȷ𰸵ġ
Ϊʲô
ϴβǺйôԿһ㹦ѫ㡭
֪ˡ
ǵ˵ͷŻȥ֪ͨһһ
⡭
ģ÷޼ʦտһӪʣǷ˸ҿ㣬ץ
ãðɡ
˵ţȴǰŰɡ
ܾԺеôףƺԼÿԼõĻظǲġ
ƺı˵ˡ
ҹֱˣˡ
˰
ֱ̫ˣȴûйǡ
һ˶ԼӪ棬ĬĬ˿ڡ
֪֮Թ̽ѧԺʧְѾ𷣹޼ʦˡ
￴ǣֻޡ
𷣹޼ʦ˭ء
ÿԺһΣͶһ˴ңⲻָʹİɡ
Ǹ㻹˭ǳ˼һ£԰㵱ʡ
ˣ˭ˡֱ£оһһ
㶼ˣЩõģѧԺһΪģҪѧԺԺ
ţҿ϶ţֻǡԼСײģԣԼСײģκ˶ûйϵûңһֱúõġѧǺܺãʦҲܺáＱæĲ˵˭ˣѧԺԺǺˡ
ǶʱЦȻúϢлɵĶһҪһʱѧԺѧԺΪġ
ãõġ
˵ţ˶ޡ
ҪȥԺ״Ҿɷˡ
ţһܲõϢϮƾĴ⣬˴֮󣬽мʮѧ׷Ч¡
ѧҪôԼҪôǴʦǣ׷ȥƣҪĹѫ㡣
ôǴξˣҲֻһ⣬ܾȽǿһѡ
ǸţֳսһٶˣȫܱһλԲһڹѫ㡣
ʱûˡ
ĽӪ棬ںƣĶʲôʲô
ٵ̲סʲôӵѧԺôÿ춼˹սûˡ
ԱһڴԲԲӳǿЦá
ӮһܻüǼǧĹѫ㣬Ҳսˡ
˵ҲǵģսôǾӢôôЩѧԺʦĶֶǣڸܳս˶ûˣһȺǸǷĺߵ
һȺӳ⻰
ţƣ˼ѧԺλ޼ʦԼսб±װ
˵Ƿ㺦
ƺҲʶЩε꣬ûˣռѧԺһפأѧԺЩʦѧⶼŪ˼ڵĹѫ㣬Ҳù˰ɡ
˵ţվ
һչֳһɼǿƣ˶أս졣
һλԲ񼤶ޱȣѵǵĽҪˣкϷˡ
ǵţȥһ¾ųҪٱѧԺӰϢޱȿ϶˵ȻͷҲص˳ȥ
ʱӪ˶±ˡ
ˣǵģ˰죬㾹ȻҪȥС״


1748 
̩޵Ӫ֮ڣոսһıչˣڿԼˡ
죬ܺá
Ų֪ӣǻҡ
ʱˡ
ų
һ̩ޣǰҪǷ
⻰̩޻㲻ʲô
Ȼǵ߾һ֧ӣʵҲҲǷ񽫣ʵĻԳһƴˣ滹оλԲ񣬸Ҳս
һĻû˸Ƿ
ô£ĸ쵰۸ǵ߾ͷˡ󵨵˵
̩ʮ֮ǰһ٣úҸ˳
ײÿԸ
ѧԺѧԺЩ쵰ǺǵפؿǸմսҪϢʱ򣬵ѧԺЩѧʦǣտ񻶣ҹҹϸ裬ӰϢԾųʽͶѧԺһ˵
ֻ⻰̩±ˡ
ҾģһΪء
ֻתһ룬̩޾¶˾ֵɫ
쵰ո˵Ͷ˭ûĻ˵ĺѧԺɡ
ô̩޸ո߳ѧԺӰϾʹһٵˣʮа˾žѧԺġ
ֹͶѧԺɶ˼ȥѧԺ鷳
ǺˣҸոƲźðϵ׿ˣ㵱ɵɡ
ģС»ͶôԼȥѧԺ˵СѧԺʦǶ֪֮ӰǵϢһͣġ̩ޱȵ˵
ӰϢ赱ɵô
Ƿ棬ҲнΪɣһл׾ٵ飬ᱻӰϢŹ֡
һ˵һû˵ĸ۾ҪϢġ
Ǻǣ
룬̩޾Ͳµ˿϶ѧԺ˴ϾԼǰ֮
ͷǻˣᣬꡣ
ų⡭ôоЩԣų⻭ת̫ˣոջһҪΪǷӣôȻ²ˡ
ȥõģҪǸȥѧԺʦ˵һʲô
ѽͷΣҲϢˡ
̩޿ĻߣְŶͷһҪȥ˯ӡ
±ˣڸʲô
Ϸ
ľˣ겻Ϸʲôһų벽̤벻ླ߽׵Ĵڣͷθƨ
ֻݼҲ̫׾һ㣬һ֪Ǽٵġ
ȸˡ
ĺΣǿˣ׵ľųڻر⡣
ΪʲôرܣһǲʲôѧԺ
Щĸˡ
ģˣųҲǸ˻
ֹεĻȥˡ
ѧԺȻÿսռѧԺһЩפء
ǱѧԺƵģֱӺʮ
Ÿ֮ս
˶ǼҪˣҪˣԶٵѧԺˡ
ĵĻһȺԲԲͬС
ȺУ˱׵ģһĲ
ѧԺ֮УǺȻ̧ͷ૵Ҫսˡ
Աߵķ޼ϳһɾ˵ս⣬ѧԺôѧսǱսģһ컹˺õȰ
ѧԺѧǵһ⿪սսЩ¶ġ
̩޵Ӫʡ
һĽ׷׵
̩޵˵ͷ˶ôԳǸ㡭
̩޿һˣ˶Щˡ
߾˵һǻԳĳڲˣʲôһ
Գȴʲôվųʲô飿
ֱ̩ԵҲͲˣʵ㲻һҪ顭ȳȥһ¡
⻰Գɵۡ
ȥһûʸô
˳򣬹ֲЩ쵰λӣԭѹˡ
ʵҲˣսϣûиսʿʲô
ųҲ̫ˡΪ߾ųѪӥһս˭ζ˵һߣԿħʱ˭ԳʼϲһķŭͲܵ˼Ĳ
⻰ڽȴ֮Աǡ
ܱܲ˵¼ˣΪʲôвˣﻹûеô
ǰոյ˺սʱ˻ѣǾ˼ս֮սʿǶ֪˳ʣȻû˸ˡ
Ϊ˸չˣֻÿʼǿˡ
ںˣǿжûˡ
̩üͷԳƤôɶ췴ô
ǽţֻԳɫȻһ䣬ЦȻڳѾˣҺôҲǸλͬ¸ӰҪǶμӻ飬˵ȥඪ档ǷģҾſǾ͵Ҳڡ
̩޾軹ǻ¡
ɾʱſһ˻˹Ǹʣô


1749 һܴ
̩ްһλȫſڿ˹ȥ
ֻſڣ޼ɴһɫۣץһѽһ߽Ӫʡ
ϸŷ޼ɣ̩̲סһ
꣬ζ
ϴԼˣһһ֮һ
ð㻹ҹŲһٶСܣ衣
Ǻܿ죬̩޾ͷ뷨ǰ벽޼ȴܵǷ޼ɿ϶Ҫӵһʵô˾һϣҲʤ㲻ʱԼǲҪˣűԴһӵʱԼٱҲ١
޼ʦôˡ
̩޼æվ֪ԼǶ֣Ϊ˲һ٣ʱǸϽװӰɡ
һȺʱɵˡ
Ҳݣɶ˼ôŵһ򹷵Ϣ
Ĵ˿ѾѪˣֻЩ²⣬̩޲ҵѧԺǳ֤ʵˣǲҵֱǻҪ򰡡ȥΪһųĽڲأɶ˼ôԳȥӭˣĻҪ
Գɵˣİ
ҵĳôиˣѧԺҲǧˣôҹҪȥѧԺʦųҪӭӡ
Ӱǲӡ
̩޿ɲЩΪ˲ᣬЩʲô
ˣӹ
˵һӦ˵ӡ
޼ɸνӣ̩˰ӣľȥ
ٿλãͰ̩ޡ
ĻܸһôǾͬ⣬ǲǶҪԼλøѧԺλʦˡ
ôˣҶҰء̩޿˵ԼЩ֡
Ǹɶ
Ҵ·ԣҵϳˡ
ȿȡ
̩޸ɿһ£Ǿͼ˵޼ʦһţʲôĲԵģһҪʱָǧҪΪǾųͶҷˡ
޼ʱҲоˡ
ɶ˼ôҪıľųλƵġ
һڽҪŻˣ˵ôǸųö˶ˡ
ǸųǸϽ˵°ɡ޼εţһǲǷʲô
ϸ̩ɫһĵӣǵȷˡ
Ȼһϴλһֺӣôתô졣
ţе˾ǷᣬһԾʵˡ
޼Ҳֳ飬ѧԺǲϵģϵġ
̩޵˵ͷȻΣһλڵս֮ϣѾչһ߸ÿһһپһˣ൱һٶսսԴϴӥ֮ս֮ǵ߾Ŵս࣬Իڼ䣬սѾѾһĴС
⻰޼ɶޱ𾪡
һжϵҲһ֮Уϵ֮еһѡ
ŴҲ֪ˣ汾Դڱ֮У汾ԴĿԽԽ֮ˡǰ汾Դǿ޷֮⣬ǶǱ֮˺󡣿ֻҪͻƷߣ뵽渹أ֪жҪ¾˵̩޶Щǡ
Դˣ޼Ҳһء
Ŀǰ棬֮е뱾ʵǲֲ٣ռڽɽ
֮⣬ֻռʮ֮һ潮
ҪҲΪ뵽壬ǲླĴڣǱ汾Դƣȫӡ
ӣʵҲһסѡ
ڣҪˡ
һĶ棬ȻҪʲôȻռĽֱ档
սǼ彮뱾֮һֽߡ
˼Ҫס˵ǲϧһдۣΪˡ
ԺܻΪ뱾һս
Ͼ汾Դȫ֮ӶˣĴվҲûʲôԴڵˡ
ˣ˵ϻˡЩشҶһֱ˵ξǵɡĻħҪӥ·ͻǵķߡǾǷħš̩޿ʼÿҪӭսħŵλã沢ûаѧԺȻлħЩ
Ǹ޼ʦⰲŵô̩˵֮󣬸ոջʧˣֱǸ򹷵
һ󲻳ܡ
ţܺáҲһܴ⡣޼˵
⻰̩ɫ΢䡣
⣿
⣬ܴ⣬űרҵİ
޼ɿ̩޻ǺãӣûаѧԺȻѧԺԳɾô
̩޿ŷ޼ɵˡ
ǺѧԺǧˣܲô
Щܸʲô
Գʱ۾һҵĳҲи˰ôҲѧԺǿɡ
ٺ٣ǲҲҪһ
̩ҧҧǸ޼ʦҪѡһӣһս
޼ҡҡͷ
űľʲôѧԺǶԳɾ˵Сܡ
̩޳˼һ£ŵҪսѧԺȥæɨս
޼üͷҪɶǰǵӵô
ǿһڽŭĿӡ
˭֪ɨսǸʲôʱսսƷʱҪѧԺͶô
̩꣬Ҫô
̩ҲˣⶼУѧԺҪʲô
ǸҪѧԺɵʲô
̩ˣųĻǹҵġ
޼ɵ˵ͷӥ¡ţãӥ·壬ˡ
˵֮󣬷޼ɾվ
̩޿һķ޼ɣ˶ɵˣɶʱ˵ӥˡ
ˣǹ֪ͨһµİɡ
˵ʲôλᣬ˭ء


1750 
ŷ޼ɾôˣ̩޺Ρ
ܰųһôô˿أӰ
Ǹ޼ʦôֱӣôˬ죬Ҷϰˡ̩ƤЦⲻЦ˵ͻ粻ء
λ˵ʲôܸоһر𲻿׵ľų
ʱ򣬻Գˡ
ҲѧԺ˶פӥˣǲһǧ˲ҵĳһˣøҷô
˵Ҷȥսˣţ˵ȥҲ̫ˡ
ǺԥģԳ͵ųңأǲǰˣ
̩޳˳Գ
˵ʵͦͻԳģ˵ģͷ˵߾ţо涼ҲȻԳġһȫûаԼСһôսˣв񽫼ģƫƫĺúõģ˭˵ȥôȫûˣԼô£һλУˣ˭°
Ƶģ˭Ҹ㡣
ȥȥģ㻹ȥˣʲôʱй˰ˣٸ㰲񡣡̩û˵ʵھѻԳԶԶģߣƵģپųûûԳȡЦԼ
ԳɥеҲˡ
˭߾ֻҪһҪɶǶԶԶġ
޼ɻȥˡ
ԺѾ̩˵ˣǸӥ·塣޼ɵֻԺӥ·Ҳսô
İɣȻϴδӥ·ʧܣôͷģӴġ˵ˣҲǵһ彻սһͶԿҲʡӥ·壬͵СţˣѧһӦĹ̡ЦЦ
޼˼һ£Ҳ
ǼˣץʱȥɡԿ壬󷨲Ǵɱ
á
޼ӦϳһĨڴ֮ɫ
滹ںܳĽ׶ΣȻҲо󷨵ģЩߵҲʹﵽѧԺвˮƽ
󷨵ô˵ܴ
ǿܻɱ߽飬޲ߣڶ˵ʱһһҲöԷȫû
޼֪һս֮ѧԺ󷨿϶ս
ţ޼ҪȥˣȴǱסˡ
ǻԳһЦеӣ÷޼ɶݺݴһ١
޼ʦáþòԳһĵ˵ţ÷޼ɶ֪˵ʲôˣǰСʱ֮ǰռþòô£ô
˵ɣɶ¡޼Щͷ
ŶģѧԺӥ·ô˵ʵ嶼Ǽ黫֮彻սǱССģȻܾܿȫû³ѧԺս֮ǰҲû彻ֹҾʱҪһŷḻսǰָ㡣Գ֣ص˵
޼ɵ˵ͷ˵еʶǰôҽһ
Գɵۡ
˵ĻôǰԼ
ûôǾˡ
𣬱𰡡Գæ㿴ң彻ֲ°Σ⾭ḻɾֵˡѧԺңսǵ˵ģǸˣϻ˳򡣡
ǽ绢޼ε
һ˼ôһôѵģҪ998ҲҪ98ŶȫѣûһΣҪٵȺüŶԳջ
ֻǹʣһȥһ˵֮󱻻ˡ
˵ڵĵҲǵģ˶ˣʻƲһס
Ǻǡ
޼ɺεЦЦŤͷߡ
ȥ߰ô
ҿһλ񰡣һλ֣ѧԺһ϶ˣһǿź졣
Ҫ˵ۣҵаɣֻҪҲսС

޼ɸԳֻȥʲôԳһﶼţһӡ
㵽ô
ҵĳҲҪս
ãһڹѫ㡣
ң
ҡ޼ɵô
ãԳҧҧ
޼ɶʱɵˣ㶼ܴӦǶȥ
ǽ
һû˵꣬һڹѫ֮⣬ĳսʿҪȫѧԺİš
ͲҪ˰ɣҸ˵彻սľ飬ǿǺܷḻģָսǿ϶ʤɡʱٵ壬ɱƬײ
Ǻǡ޼ɿŻԳʱԳԼ˵ȥˡ
ģġԳæĿڡ
Ǻãȥ˹ɡ޼ɰ˰֣Уһڹѫ㣬ھתˣ
һ˲ɣ㻹ҵƷԳĹĵ
޼Ҳ˵ƷɶԼ֪ôʱͲҪǿһˡ
ڻԳеҵ׵ģͰһڹѫת˹
Գ۵ӣ޼ɶܸоԳж
󣬷޼ҲԥͰѻԳһڹѫ㣬ȫһ˲ྦྷ
û취󷨶Ҫסټʮǰ󷨣ҪĲྦྷ̫ˡ
һڹѫ㣬ҲֻǶһһǧ鲻ྦྷ
ʮѫһ鲻ྦྷǶһ۸
㣬⻹Զˡ
֮£޼ɻҵǣ˭ûô಻ྦྷ
㲼þƺ󡭡һ£󷨵Ļס࣬Щ඼λһҲҪİྦྷһСʱǧྦྷȻʵϣп϶Բ񡢴ԲĵĲྦྷҪɱӡһӶҪྦྷȥˣһСʱǺüڵĲྦྷ
޼ɺεĵ˵ͷҴӦ˻ԳǵĳսҲܾս˳ĻһڵĹѫոѾһ˲ྦྷ
ǵ˵ͷһӳһռָ
սϽɻģҲûϸǼڿ鲻ྦྷӦеģ͸ˡȻĵĲྦྷ޴󣬵Ҳܿ͹ۣԺ󻨷ѵĲྦྷҪӲսʦѧ֮гɡȻǻԳĳҲսˣҲҪֻҪŻᣬͺݺݵթӻһʡ
ס
޼Ҳ뷨ˣĵľԴѧԺɲԩͷ
ɣǱġ
ѧǺʦҪɣԳ͸ܷŹˡ
޼ɴʦǺѧǶȥˡ
һֱڹעѧԺĽɵˣڿȥģڸɶ˭ܸһ¡
Ū飬ľźƹʱѧԺЩ˿϶ܵıȺﶼ졣˵ԱߵļλҲǵ˵ͷ
ѧԺԳɾһǧˣһս֮Ҳȫûˡ˸ŵ䲻ȵġ
ѧԺפء
ԳԼµһսʿѧԺæµʦѧǣҲǺ
ǵڸɶڿ廨ô
ЩսʿŻԳѾ޿ˣֿһ׵ѧԺǻҪѧԺһսбĵô
˵ôе̧ԼĸоѾˣɱ


1751 Ϊʲôô
ԳҲǺﰡѧԺڸʲô
ڣֵ̩
ûа취ӥµĵλûǺҪģʧأҲһ鷳
̩û취ֻΪ飬ٴٿ˻顣
޼ҲǱ˹Ȼ֪˴αΪʲô
֪ķ˰
ֻܸ̾Ͼʲô˶ʶ󷨵
޼ʦðİ㺰ʵǲ˼̩Ʋ˺ԼĹϵӾȻҰ㺰ģҲǱεġ
޼΢΢һЦû£˵вٽҺܲ϶Ǻҹġ
̩⻰һҾͷˣֻҪҾͺá
Ȼ˿ʮλµĽȫˣҪΪЩĬˣǸҵѧԺλʦ·ʱСĵ㡣˵ͱʲôϺһʹŹֻ뵽Щ̩޵ƺʹ
ˣ˵ɣʲô飬ҿǺæġ޼ɵ˵ţȫˡ
Ǿʮλŷ޼ŵӣֱҧ
ææƨ
ͳ˧˵æǧˣæʲô
ʵͶԷ޼ɲˣƾʲôѧԺ˿ԳһؼԳһǲŶˣһǧ˶ѣʲôһ֮УһЩ壬죬ҲԳһȴûʸ
˵ˣѧԺȫŭ˼ˡ
ʱһվѧԺλʦս֮ǰսô
޼סˡ
⻰ʵģȻսǶڷ֮磬ﻹûкս
˭趼ˡ
޼ɵķӦЦҲµĹȻûдѧԺ棬ҲǸСƨϹսս˿֪ܶʲôҪʲôȻԲҪѻӥ·壬Ҿһ£˭ǵǸ˵Ļ
޼ɳĬҲMMPˣЩΪĺô
˭ǵ˵㣬֪˭ô
ѧԺûвսҪǺ彻սѧԺʵ㡣
ʱվϸһǷģǵþˡ
ôཫһԷ޼ɣʲô
޼ʦ֪֪ӥµĵλãزסӥ£˴ӥ£ǾͿԱϮǺ󷽣ƽȥͿԴϲ磬뵽ǵ渹ء渹ʲôһ඼ڵͨҾʵʱ˻˭Σ
˵ǿһ㶼顣
޼֪һȫǳ봩ϲ磬뾭ߣҲǵһ߶ѡԣģǵĺ渹أǲܵ飬Сģһֱ͸渹֮Уñ֮ǰн뵽ɽںӴϵ
Уڸʲô˵ڲ󣿹ʲô˺Ŷһ˵ţ֮ڶЦ
̩޿Щ˵ĽҲΰ
ǻʲô˵治֪ǰʲôĴڡ
ڷ޼ɺĻԳȴȫû־ֻô˵̫ˣѧԺڸʲô⣬һսӦþָӣǲʤϣ˭ֵܵסӥ·壬ֻҪһһսˣʱвˡ
˵ô
޼ɵһȺ˳˰СʱЩҪͣƣŻڵ
һڽ˷޼ɣƺǾ˵Ƕ˵ˣûһ㲻˼ƤҲ̫˰ɡ
Ƕ˵ˣǸ˵ˡǿڿ˵ѧԺزסӥ·壬Ҿһˣ̶ûģզ֪ѧԺزסӥ·壿˭ǵģ汾ԴθˣֻԼ²ģ޼˵ţĶǵһڵӡ
ⲻŵôֻһǧˣȻ񣬿ǶԷֻҪһǣס㣬˺׾ͨӥ£ֱ롣뵱Ȼ
ҲǰͷҲ̫ˡ
ѵ
ȻǸûϹսɶô
ô˵׻ԼΪˡ޼ɵĮȻϳһɼǿƣֱӶȥȻҲǷ񽫼ģƳ֮£ֻоһһնʶҪ񶼸ɷ飬˲Ӿɫ԰ףź˼ʮ֮ࡣ
㣬ǿվ֮󣬾ȵ
ߣֻһѡѧԺһ֪ƾһ۵ܲ⣬˵ǱضʧܣǹЦġҿ˵һս˶زסԼأѧԺҲ̩ɽôôҪǴΣͶѧԺزصסӥ£עڹѫô޼Į
޼ҪЦˣǸҶôʱǿ϶ҪİĲˡ
ٺ٣ֻҪһģҪ䰡
ʱһһڹѫ㣬ʮˣǾǾǧڵĹѫ㡣
찡ҪƵĽడ
ҲǾˣ㾹ȻҺǴģôģҪ͹ѫô
ģ϶Ҫİ
ģʲôҶĵġӺߵóô๦ѫ㣿
˵ȷʵòô๦ѫ㡣ϾôҲǸսûк彻սʲôѫ㡣޼ε⻰һȺҲסˣˣأʱ޼ɻһתôֵڹѫĶѧԺǡ˵ģԳ鵶ѧԺġ
˲Ծؿ˿Գ
ԳʱһҲҪʲôҺò״衯ģѧԺġ
޼ǲϳʾ񣬻Գˣ㹦ѫʲôȥѧԺѧԺ֮Ľ׵ıԴضǣྦྷѳɽˡ
⻰һ˶Ǿˡ
ȥļٵġ
ѧԺôԣô޼ҲЩɵۣţе˰
ӻе㲻ŵģԳӣѧԺеҵ׵ģ˵޼ҲһλҪˣĻծӦҲ
ôҶô޼ɳĿӡ
ãҺġӺߵһһԳܲս
ƾʲôԳʱըëˣʲô飬òײźͷ޼ãԲսĺô
ԳһҲһͬʱ֣˭֪嵽ʱ򻹸Ҳҹӵ
ãû⡣޼ɵ˵ͷûлԳν
УҲܲսµĳսʿһҪսսҪɱģսǺǵġԳ˵
⻰˶ˡ
ȷսǻẮģ
Ƕ˽Լµսʿ˵ĻΥĲΥġ
ǺãҪԸǵȥ㡣ӵһûԳԲеӣһѵԼΪô
ӾԼ޼ɿ˿ӣһʲô񽫣ĲϣŵľһӣӦþˡֻôţһ˨ӣҲǹɵġ
أ޼ˡ
ֱǰ׼Ĺѫ㣬ҪײҪҲˡ
һǧˣټϻԳһôֻҪʮ򣬾ʵǿʱҲܶס
ҿѧԺսԣͨķʽɢһԺ˭Ϊǡ
ôҲˣû׬СǮ

ת۾ʮʮŸͷ޼ǩ˶ԶЭ顣
޼ɿһѵЭ飬ĺ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
أѵͲ׬㹦ѫô
ߣ˻ų޵󱲣ⶼҶģǮҪ
޼ɳ˳ЩҶĵļһӵ
һһȻջ˶ʮŶԶЭ飬ǰʮˡ
ŻʣµʮˣЩȫһµӣǾġ
ʮžͰʮŰɣҲǰǧڵĹѫһӾͰѽʮβҪĵĲྦྷ׬ˡ
һӵĶԶЭ飬һηս̫ˡ
̩޿ɥʵҲһѣҰ
ȥ֮
޼ܺãǱ߾ƺҲ첼ˣڵĲྦྷȥˣҪǲɱʮ壬оˡ
ԳսǰԱѾоˡ
λսʿǣҺԺΪȡ˲սĻᡣǲ֪ھųӪ棬ǺȻ벻ǲսֱ̫ҪˣĿŵİĻᰡҾΪǱסսᣬΪۣȴʧȥβսʸ񡭡˵ţԳ۾ˣһﾹȻҲ֪ɿˡ
ĳսʿǣɵˡ
ʲôǶԲòսģǵȻָȡʸҵ찡ôӵĽôǺĲô
ؼ꣬Ȼòսˣ˵Լȫˡ
㻹ɿ飬軹ɿ顣
ʹԳһٵĻڿ϶ԥȥˡ
֪ĽǸӻӵҲ̫˰ɣֱԸӣ춯ذ
ô㣬ʽĸ֪ô
ԳԼһܵӣԼΪʿȡᣬԼְĽˡ
һԣѧԺѧ±ˡ
˶ˣȥԻԳ˵һ䣬ѵϹˣûЩսʿҪ̻
Ϊʲôô
ھ߾פصĻħ棬Ҳ׼
ħţֻһʵеȵľţŵļܹʵߵļܹࡣ
֮󣬻ħŶˡ
߾гõϢϢȥ֮˶֪սҪʼˡ
ӭս
̩޴һŵ߾ŵս
ѧԺߵӥ£˵ʵҪսҪսʮȥˡ
Ǳߴսʼ֮󣬷޼ߵĺܣԭûп
޼Ҳż͵źˣ֪вڹעѧԺϾǰڵĶעҲһСĿ
Ҫ֪ɱһҲͲһڹѫ㣬սϣÿξżĴսܻɱʵҲࡣϾǻսôһ㲻һĶ֣ԱȽ׵ġ
תۣ͹ȥˡ
ѧԺʦǺѧǶˣô£ûɡ
İƾ˵͵һúõһء
ǣеӹүүءǴ
ǰɵǣһսħҲǺ
ĿתĶǰĿռ䣬Ҳоλãӥһѽһȫпֱ븹ءͳ˧ǰʧܹҲķͻƷ򣬲һֱûже㻳Լжˡ
޼˵ǺܵʵҲܽŰ
Ϊ˲ƺ󣬼ڵĲྦྷҽȥˣҪûǿӵˡ
ԳͲܲսڿû֮󣬵һʱˡ
ȻĲսˣĵĸ߷޼ɣԼҪȥһ
˵ˣһǻ˲֪λľӣȻ͵Ϯء
Ǳߴս죬߻һ˶ûУ̩Ҳ⣬һ֧ӣҲ쳷ˡ
ҲݣꡭҸоҪΪЦˡҦε׼ôãһ嶼ûбεô
еаšҲЩΡ
ɾʱԶĿռȻһ˿
޼һһˣ
֪⼸ҲǱܼ尾
䣬ֻһ׷ЩˣѧԺʦѧǶǿƵġ
磬˰
ٲǶ֪ôˡ
֮Уһ۾ֿȻ̲סȵҲݣסӥ£Цô


1752 
ԱߣҲǹЦ
һסʮˣⲻǸЦʲô
ǿʮ
ʮǿдԲʮλԲһپʮλӸһλǧսĻħ
߶սĵķ
ӵֽ֮бȽϼһɣ޲ðȫɱɾ
ħʿǣǻʲôǰЩȵĶôǽεεģֱ̫ζˡǻŸʲôȥǣȫˣǽĵˡ
һʵ̫ˡ
ֻǵģǴӥͻΧȥǺĲ͡
𣡡
ħŵսʿǴޱ˷ܵسȥ
һսûʲôһ˲ǵĶ֡
޼ɿǱϮʮħսʿҲЩ
ʮ򣬲ˡ
ʮжٵıȫɱɾˣ϶Ҫһʡ
ˣˡҲЩֹģĴսټϾʮҲ࣬µľʮ˻ȫǲ࣬ɽвȻð𵴡
ǾЩû˼
Ҫʲô󷨣ǻϲ棬ȭȭĸо
ɱַʽʵ̫û˼ˣֲ˵ʵ
Ͷܵʦͳȶˣƿ󷨣ſ̣ȴ
ڳЩˣ˿ȫһӡ
һһǧ˶Կʮħ찡Ǵǻû˯Ѱɡ
оڣǷ޼ڸǰǿ϶һʱˣ⼸Ǳذɵսô
ֻǿ˿ѧԺѧʦȴǾ̫ˣΪʲôЩһ㶼£Ǵ˼ѪһһǼĲСǰĸʲô壬һζĴͣȴء
ʲôѧԺǽ̳ѧʦƵġˣһħսʿҳһˡһ룬ĳսʿǲĴ㡣
һץ˭˭ȥĲȥ
ӽ󷨷Χˡ
ʼˡ
ʮħսʿˡ
ʮħսʿˡ

޼ţǵʱһ
תۣʮħսʿȫ뵽󷨷Χˣ޼ɵӣȴһ㶼š
˶ǿ˷޼ɣôٲ־͵ǰˡ
ڵһ¡
޼˵ţĻ̌𣬵һħսʿ嵽ǰʱſڵƺ𣡡
ʱֻоʱմ䡣
ռУڿĲྦྷͬʱкת
ռת˲Գ磬ռ֮аããһƬ˫ۻʶȫ
ռУֵħһһͻȥȻԾɥʧʶʧȥи֪
ͬʱռƣƬռһԹһ㷢е쳣ζ뿪ˡ
ת˵ȻԴ֮˵ϣϵسȡ
ס˰꣬ö֣˾ͻΪľԼˡ
˱˷ޱȣͻȻΧı仯ɵˡ
ȥô£ΧʲôҵʶΪʲôˣҵ۾ѵҲϹô
˭ܸңģҪʲôǲ·ˣ
أղһأôʲôˡһħԲʧѾϸܵһ㺹Ȼ㲻ô£֪϶ǳˡ
Ҳ±ưң˭ȥ
Ҳ֪⵽׷ʲô
ڣоһΣգԷֻһ˰ôָо
󷨵ĸ
ѧԺʦѧǣȻѾϤˣƺ֪֮ﲻܵ󷨵Ӱ죬߶ĲྦྷԶĵ˷ȫˮƾŽߵһħλ˿ˮˣҪû󷨵ĻԷô϶ͱԷˡڣԷ֪ģԼȫһĻаٷ֮ʮİտԻɱԷ
ҪСٷ֮ʮİգҪ֪ʲôΪոͻƵɾ簡
˵ˣҲǲླһС¡
žƺǿ󷨣һЩླ˾Ƿսˡ
޼ҲǺ𺳡
󷨰Ȼڷ֮Ҳ󷨣ôǿ󷨣Ѽڲྦྷã滹ټԴΪ˸Գ䵱ۣ˵ֻҪྦྷľ߲Ȱɱˣܡ
һȺսʿ˿ȫһƬ򣬻ûн󷨡
ǲ𾪵ģΪ֮⣬ǲſ
ֻڿһУǶ绰ˡ
赽ô£Ϊʲôʮ֮󲻴ѧԺЩʦѧѵһô
԰費ѧ
еĻħսʿҪѧԺѧʦˣȴȫûвһǶϹô
ʱ򣬷޼ɵ
ֻһ֡
ɱ
ɱ
ÿһӣ֪ҪĶٵĲྦྷ
һ£ʱʦѧȫˣÿ˶ǳԼĿ귢˹
Щͽ׵Ļħսʿ˿̶ǰ˯ƵģֱӾͱԴ
ʲôˣ
쵰⵽ʲô⣬ƿ
ҿһ𣬿쿿һһǱ뵽ĳһƬصĿռ֮УԷ϶˰
ƴȫĹҲƲ󷨡
ĳսʿ˿̶ȷѧԺ˰Ϊɶǿľǧˡ
֮Уֱһɱ
ѧԺѧǶܴרͽ׵Ļħսʿ֣ƵƵ֡
ĳսʿǿĿˮֱսôΪʲôһֱû˺˵
֪ǿ϶սˡ
һһСƵģǹѫ
ǸѧԺʦ̲סˣǷƵĺûᰡҲҪս˭Ҳܰǲսʸ
޼ɻͷ˿ֿ˿֮еļʮħսʿĬĬ˵ͷ
û취̫ˡ

̩Ǳߣս
ųˡ
˵ʲôӥ·塭ʮ򣿡̩޾ˣոտǲŰ˳ãġķӥȥԮ
áҧҧѧԺĻ쵰ǾҲƾһһǧסʮħҪЩ
ʲôӥ·߳ʮħҲһʮҲ̫˰ɡ
ʱѾ¶һĨоѧԺ군ˡ
һǧ˶սʮӮŹ֡


1753 սû
սʿԸԳļսǼֱҪˡ
ֱǰ׼ѫˬˡ
ѧԺѧǵܻķΧΪǲϤ󷨣΢ߴһܾͻΣաҲǷ޼һֱǵģǻΧ󣬵ǿʮĻħսʿÿ˶ɱʮٵҲɱʮ
ؼǣǺܶ˶Խɱа
ǰǿ϶붼롣
һλսʿ˿̼ͨ죺Ҹոɱһħλ񡭡ҾȻɱһλ񡭡
Լɱ֮󣬿ĹѫŷӦǾȻһλ
ǵﱤˡ
ʱһλսʿļҶɱĸλħսʿˣ©ɱһԲ񡣡
⻰λսʿĶǼʡ
һԲĻħսʿǿǰѫɱһٸλˡ
ް
޼ҲɱУȻѧԺֹһλսֻ
޼ɱоͱȽϷˣԲ񾳽µĻרЩԲ֡
ֶˡҦܻ˻μ򣬴ӿʼڣѾɱʮλħʿˣƾʮˣ٣
ƾһӦʮ
ţŬϾҵһˣȻ츳ǲôսҲһôҦһǰָӡ
ƾ޵ֱɱĶ˲𰡡
ҦܺܵɱĶ˲𣬾ǿΪΪ
ʱ򣬺ƾҲʮˣλħսʿʮĸ
Ҳ˹ʮŸλʮ߸Բһ
ƾޣΪʲôҪ߱˲ô
ƾЩ⣬Լɱʮ˲ˣȴֻޡ
Լ񶼲ô
ʵҲƾǸͻƵɾ磬ǽɶˣҦܸǲһҪͻƵɶ
սڼһ浹ɱ
ߵԽԽ٣۾ˣ˵ʵڶ֪ʲô
ΧһȺħһϵµսʿһ
оԼҪˡ
ͻȻԱһҽдŵһ顣
ԭĸɱˣĸǴԲ񾳽磬ʵһЩ
ģ˭ɵģ
ŭغϵǰײȥ
޼üͷÿһγ󷨣ͼʵҪĵʮĲྦྷ
޼ɳ䵱۵λãʱҪ󷨣ǻ۸ȻҲóȻ뿪뿪̫Զȥɱ
ǱߣĴԼķҪˡ
Ѿˣ֮ǰѧԺһֱǷ鷳εȾѧԺ֮һҪúõթһʡĲ˵ԳŪһĽױԴ鵶ԼôҲô
ȥ
ʱһսʿ˹ĵΡ
ʲô
ӥ£Ȼɵˡ
֮УϤĻħսʿͷӬһѧԺͳ˴¾֮еĸȫһ
꣬ʲô˭ܳһ¡
ħսʿǺײôǺţôôɵһǱ˼⻷һ¾
˻˵ʵʵҪǿϼ֣Ǽһ˿ҲһɵһĴܣʱοӼλѧԺʦѧĸǰȥȴǸûзֶԷһ
һ»Ϲô
ģǱʲôʱ̩޴սѯʵΪųȻҲ֪ӥµλúҪԻǺܹӥµս
ԥˣ֪ôش
ûʲôãѧԺԼ֧Ԯ
Цˣھ֪ѧԺôģѵ󷨣
ľ磬ȻҲ˿ռ֮е󷨺ۼֻԴ˲֪ʲôԭǾǶڵǰ֮һϵƵġ
ģ˵յشǵ߾ų̩ޡ
̩޺ôûˣǽ˰˰ɡ
ҪĻӥǱ߿϶ǳˡ
̩ޱȽŵʱĵųģġӥ³һЩԤ֪ô˵أĴͬʮħսʿ˿̾ɵһѧԺʦѧǰƣǺԼڸʲôƵģڱһ浹¾ţս̳ͷһֹսұʾЩˣѵǶսʲô⡣
̩ǱߣλųҲסˡ
˵ʲôȫôֵĵزˡ
ǲƭң
ųô
ڣţϹȥѧԺڸʲô
̩˵žжͨλųסˡ
սڼ
ʮħսʿѾ˳ʮʣµĲʮˡ
սҲѾһСʱĿǰĵĲྦྷڣԤ֮еĸ
ѣ޼ֲһЩྦྷ
̩Ҳڵˣǰľ棬ͬɵˡ
ðɣҲҪˡ
ģû˯ô
ǡ
εҲεʱǲŸֳ
Ϊⳡʵ̫ˡ
ˡ
޼ɿԽԽ٣˶󷨵ƿأὣɱ˻
˿ͷɢ˫ĿѪ
һСʱһĥоԼҪˡ
˭
оһɾ˵Ľ⣬ֱӵȥ
飡
һնĵϣһѪ˳
ǿ
ʱ򿴵˷޼ɣ˿̷޼Žһڱƽ
˭
ѯʵɫ䡣
ѧԺѧʦ޼ɡ
ѧԺ
һ£˵ʵûʲôѧԺ
޼ҲٽʲôŻһնɱȥ
ĽϿռ֮ÿһȥǷռ䣬նϷ򣬻⽣֣оԼҪ˺
˷޼ʮһѾѪۣм䣬ĻᶼûС
޼ٴγնɱǾҪһһɱˣʵϵѹơ
棬޷ߣƺֻܵ
ڣڵʮһʱ
޼һ̴壬һɻԵ֮ꡣ

ǵҲ֪סʲô
飡
޼һץѻʬӵ棬䵽̩޺ĵǰ
ųԼĽסӥ¡޼ɵ˵˭˵һزסӥµģЩѧԺĵģϣǲҪޡ
̩޴˿̲֪˵ʲôãţƴˡ
ģ뵽ԼҲǩǸڵĶԼ˿̾ܲʲô˲ģʲôסӥôߣսûġ
⻰޼̲סЦˡ
û꣬ȷ


1754 ѧԺţƣ
̩޴˿̶ˣûð
󷨣ǵ߾ÿҪˣҪնɱٵ壬ں˵û꣬ȥĳ
̩ǲĹϵסˡ
ǲǲ𰡡
Ǹ޼ʦ󷨵̩޴˿ޱĵ̵˵ʵҪѧԺĶֲǷ޼ɵĶֱ֣ܿӾˡ
޼ɵ˵ͷ
￴̩޵˼һﻹǵӲСھͶѧԺ󷨡
ôҲԤ֮С
ս֮ϣǴɱʲô񽢶Ҫʵá
Ǹ̩һʱ֪˵ʲôˣţܺãܺãѧԺοˡ
޵󱲡޼һҪҪϻӲе㵹ǿڣȻ㿪ҲֱӰѾƺ󽻸ġ
ʱսҲˡ
ʮħսʿȫɱǵսƷҲǱսһա
̩޺ĿѧԺʦѧЩ͹ģǷ˴ơ˵ģÿ˻õĹѫҲмǧĿܶҪǧ˵ȥ֪ҪĽˡ
ʱѧԺľǧεʦһս˽ӽڲྦྷ˵ռƵ£Ȼս߸ˡ
⻰޼ɫ΢䣺ྦྷˣս߸ô£
һ˲Ϥ󷨣ЩɱУǵָӣ֮УԼ޷ѳԡ
˵ǧѾ˵ˡ
˵ˣЩ˾̰Ĳ㣬Ȼ󷨣ѡ
˵ţҲûбܻ䣬һԵ̩޺Ķɵˣ׵⽹ۡ
ʲô˼߸ôôһôø˰ƵģǴ̵ʱһβʮˡ
޼˵ţһɳ쿴̵Լ˴ĳսʿŭȵһȺⶼ߸ˣ˼ЦҲѧԺˣҲùЩչ涨ս棬ҪϽһ룬ûУȻ˭սʱͻˣսһ֮ͻƾ磬ԲϽɣѾϽɵҲ԰ϽɵҪȥ
սʿˣ֮ǰ˵ġ
֮ǰôǾԼˣﻹջȫûеô
ֻڣһ˵ҪϽɣÿ˶ɫѿⶼѾˣ˭Ըɰ
޼Ȼǵ˼ЦǻôһսŵĿһ붼õǿܶڵʮ֮һǽһ룬ѾǺܿˡҪףѧԺһսǸڼѫ㡣ȻҲԲһβԺ󶼲ҪѧԺһսˡ
ʱгսʿɵˡ
һβԺ󶼲ܸѧԺսҪǵ
һξջô˶Ѿʳ֪ζˣں޲һսôԸ˳
ʱҧҧҲҪˣҲɵӡ
ͻƾĻġĿԲýôʱһѭſȥԭǸСӣʱѾע⵽֮ǰһﻹֻǽ۾ڣϾȻѾһ˿ϢƺͲһˡ
޼ɵ˵ͷͻ˾ͿԲԺֲ˶ೡսȻʱͻˣ֮ǰÿνɵ棬Ҳȫ˻㣬԰ǼеʣϢ㡣
⻰˶۾һ
̩ԱĶϳ鶯軹ôô
ǿѧԺ˼ѧԺ˵ԳһԲǿЦģѧԺǲǾַͨһ֧ӡôͨߣűͻƣӶ֧ӱԽԽǿ
޼ɵĻûֿ꣬˿ȺѧԺѧ
ǵʲôѧϽɣʦϽɣΪսķá޼˵Ȼѧսʱͻƣսǧ֮ͻƾ磬ſԲϽ档
ҪɡʱһȺѧɥôҪϽ棬ǲ̫ˡ
󷨲ҪǮ޼ڵˣսʼͳ棬Ȼչ涨Ͻɡ
Ļ䣬һӰǰ
ϸһǻԳǿӻ
Գؿڣɫ԰׵޼ʦҡ
޼üͷһʲô
ô㣿
ҼڵĲྦྷͿˡ
޼⻰һžͰѻԳ߷˳ȥթƭˡ
ԳЩ˼һѪˮε㿴ˡǸȥնɱһħģ˭֪˷ˣֻɱһħԲ񣬻һһơ
޼ʶһɨͷ˻ԳȷʵˣҲûΣա
룬޼ɻһŵҩԳ
ǣ
ת𵤣õġ
޼ɵ˵ţɵԳʱ۾һ
ȥģɵ湦ЧͼʶˣʱǼ֮ɫȻԥĸȥ
һɵ¶ǣԳ¶ɫ
ˬ̫ˬˡ
ŰСʱ֮۾ɫȻЩڴĿŷ޼ɡ
ûˡ
޼ҡҡͷѾʲôģһתɵһױԴˣһ˾㲻ˡ
ԳЩʧȻ˿Ǳɱʮħսʿ˶ǲˡ
סӥ¡찡ôģ
ôɣ
ԳСװĵ˵ͷֱֹǵﱤˣ֪һ߸Ӱ
תԳȴҡҡͷЩǻҪѧѧΪǰҸһΡ
˵ţһɳ죬뵽ս
˶ֵʱֻȵѧԺɱħѧԺ䣬ѧԺţƣ
ƺ˰ʮ顣
˴˿̶ˣѾһλһλ֤ķ񽫣Ҫô


1755 ʽҪ
Чȷʵãս˶ˡ
߾ŵĽǣһɵˡ
ʲôѧԺӮˣնħļٵģǿǺѧԺ˰ڵĶע
ˣɶȫˣ˲ǵġ
һڹѫҲǺܴһʲƸÿ˶͵ġ
ڻħսʿǣ˿Ǻ±ƣҲɶʱɱˣôôôԼ֪ô£Ǻɡ
ħսʿɲ֪Щһ˰ˣǿһˣʱʿ󽵡෴߾ŵʿȴʿƾеľƣ˲ͳб
̩޿һж±ˣԳˡ
սֳһСʱڽ
ˣ߾ҲûֵʲôãϾʵҪǿһ㡣
֮սҲɨˣ߾ٴνڣȴһγ
վӥ£ԶɫأǵսԶҪ죬ܵȴꡢǧ꣬꣬ս֮һСʱһžȫûС˵֮Уʲôս켸ҹµģҲƭƭˡ
޼ЩЦãԺʱһ˵ӣȻڸ̾ǲЩˡ
ɼǿٶж飬Ҳ˲ǿɱߣһоɱˣɱܲô
޼ɣ㿴ӥʬôЩȥ߲߾ġ˵ʵǸսĽǻҪ޷˵սǵ˵ţЩ˸С
޼ҲǳĬˡ
γ֪ܾսֻЩǿߣսκ˶޷⡣Ǿս򣬵ߵʬɽѪ߳ǿߡսһеԴʳһӵȻƴȥˣҲˣˣȴƾ˲ϵ׳Լ
죬޼ɿʼȥˡ
ǧڵĹѫһྦྷĻҲ㹻һ˰ٶʮڣǺܴһʲƸ
Ҫ֪սϣɱһҲͲŰڹѫ彻սôĻԳɱҲʮˡƽʵҪǿڱģ񣬺ñǾ壬Աѹʵġ
ܱƣ˶ˡ
ֻһ˳ȥֹܲۡ
һڵĹѫ˭Ըģе˽ڱչˣеֱ˵û£ȫϴĵ飬̩ų֤ûá
࣡
޼ɸ֮̾࣬ŻԳö˳۶ˣһҲûԭģΧ˰
ҪһȦҲͶʮ˶˶עȻ˶ʮǷ
޼ЦǺǵģҲ˵ʲôڶ̩޵Ӫˡ
ֻʮףȫһȦĸһǺģҪ̩޸
̩޶±ˣ̫ϤˣԼʱ򲻾ô
һ˲뵽Ϊʲô϶Щһ˲ȻͱѧԺˡֻһҹ֮ʹʮҲֲ̫ˣûʵ
ѧԺȻֲ˹
̩еŻԳ֮ǰ˵ĻǸս֮һҹ֮ɱһٶʮλǿߣӦѧԺ
ųȻһҹ֮Ϯʮλз񽫶ʮλֱǲˡ
ţ֪ˣλģһᾡҳֵġ
ų졣
ģȻȥˣ˭ǵ߾ŵĽҶŹ
̩˵ţȫ¡
ǱᣬԼûôЩ˶עĽôûᡣ
޼Щȥ֮ȥһҪˣγһʵǲͷ뾡ѷ޼ɸˣŸ˶ע򣬾÷޼˿Ρ
޼ҲЦЦƺҪҲһҲǷˣƢá
ǽҹ˱ˡ
ֻʮˣ̩޵Ӫ棬ǻ࿴˿±ˡ
ȥԭҲֱˡ
ȵȣ˷ˣôһˣ׵ǲ©˭
Ǹû˽尣Ҳһλ񽫣ܿͱٻˡ
˶Ϊʲôûбᡣ
±ˣң˭
ֱһ٣֮ǰһȦ޽ڲٵĴЦ
̩ʱ򶼿ȥˣԼµЩǲڻûиôô
ɿһ£尣ǲʲôȻûб򣿡
һɶ˼
ϸ룿
̩޶ˣʲô㲻֪ôһڵĹѫأѵǴ˻֧ȥġ
ȥã㿴컨ʲôôոշ鰡㲻Ҫ˵ˡ
ڴĿ֮У˼˺һ֮󣬻尺ܿ϶ޱȵӦ̫˧ˣλڿ֮󣬲̶ٴˡţһģȻ㹻˧ΪΪ
˴˿̶±ˣͻĲҪô¡
˵һģһë˧ë
̩޸Ҫըˣ˰뵽̲סŭ尽ú֮⻹ûбģûиʲô
ҸҶһױԴ㲻㣿
á̩̲סֿˣͲ˵Լһ˶ע˷޼һڵĹѫ㡣ϸŻ尵̩޺Ȼˡһôû뵽ǲ˼˵Ͼ˵õһ˵ģȴ͵͵ظˣҪ˵Լôڵ߾Ż졣
ؼ˵ױᰡ
̩ĸоۣ㲻˵ǰɣ˵ҿɲÿһ类Ⱥ쵰סˡ
Ǹ尽˵޼ȥҪˣһڹѫǸ˰ɡ
ʲôѫ㣿
һ˶ˣųеˡ
ʱҲǶԻŭĿӣ˵õҪ˵ô㾹Ȼˡ
ȵȣⲻ԰
ʶʲôѵΪ˶עûбᡣҲݣ˵ǵ˾ѧԺģôܡѧԺʵôǿǻᣬǿɱƭҡ
˳˼·Ǻܿش֣ȻһûĶʮҲǶ˶עġ
Ҳ˵ĶЩ˵ġ
Ȼ˿̩ޣˣų֪˰ɣװϷ
̩޻˵ʲôҲģ֪ܲô
Ǹλһȥɣһҳֵġ̩һ˵ȻҶˣ̩޿ɲϵģ˭ȥѧԺ鷳˭ȥҿɲȥ
ڽޱȣ㻹ų˻
̩ȫνôӣҾ͵ˡ
ȥ֮ôһ£е˾ǸˣѧԺʵеǿǲ𡣲ҲбȽͷģһҾǲҪѧԺҲҡ
ʵ֤ѧԺǸҵġ
ΪҹʮǱˡ
ôཫ֣Ȼס̫ˣڶ켸˵лûиȫˣҪֶע
޼ʦǸʲôҪǲǾǲӡһܲҪĽԴǵ֮ǰ˵Ĳһ޳ܰ޳ܡ


1756 ҺҦҪͻƣ
޼ЦǺǵˣλ̫ˣǾǲѵǿҪɡôֶѣλ̫ˡ
⻰һڽѪ
Ҫ̫Ҫˡ
ڸ˵Ҫ棬ҪûȥˣϻҪһȦ
˭ҪĻǲɷˡ
еĽ½Ķ˶ע޼ɸо׬ˡ
ţܲ
ôĹѫ㣬ܶһٵĶ붼˷ܡ
һطԳˣһγʤģȫԳΪ˵ͷ
ǻŸʲôأѵĹѫǰ׼һѵûп˴ҵ쵼£ɱ˰塣ÿһսʿ׬˺üѫǼӣҪμӶٳսջôԥˣһĦУһģĦб伪աж󵨣жģСġԳƵǰǺüûȥˡ
Щ˽ʱ˵˻Գţ˿̶Щɵۡ
Գǿӻôɶʱɱˡ
Ǹ˵ɱ˰ħѧԺǳһʱ
⻰˶ǿ˹ȥ
Գüͷɶ˼ҵ̨ô
Ҳ֣ЩȻˣѱ֮ûս˵ģЩ϶Ҳ
ԳƤǺĺܣʱмѧԺʲôѧԺһս֪ʲôѧԺսĲǧˣǳǲսˡǿ˭һսҪã϶ǳⲻһĿȻô
Щ±ˣеӡ
һˣѧԺֻǧˣĲǳ˭
ôɣǾ׬ѫ׬ɱɱŻ¡Գ˷ܵ˵ԵĿЩ⶯ˡ
ɾʱһԳƭˣ
Գһͷʱɵˡ
ⲻǱˣһծҲǸþòţ񽫡
Գţ񽫣̲סţһôû
ţҲЦǺǵôǷҵ׾ͲûˡõҶŶûС
˵֮ţ񽫿˿һȺˣҸǣԳһƣĳսʿȫˣĳǾо泤λеһλǵڶĿԸ֤ǽսո˵ʲôɱ壬ʵѧԺ˲һĴ󣬶ʿȫǲ˼ҵĴÿôĹѫ㡣˼ѧԺѧʦһûսʿ߸Ƕˡ
˵ţ񽫺ݺݵسŻԳһĭ
ԳҪˣۿԼҪϼ˽ˣȫˡ
Ȼֻ˶һĿŻԳţˣȻǾ˵ˡ
ţʱЩôŻԳûǰ;ģҺܴܻҪǼǵţǼҵçţ˵׬ٹѫ㣬һ˶ܻ뿪ս
ȻĶˡ
̫ջˣû
Գֱţȥһ١
ˣԸߵģȥפءţ񽫵һȺ˾Ҫߡ
Գʱˣòô±ôܾţԲˡ
ô죬ʱô죿
Ȼ뵽һ⣺ҵһȣʱֻܾʵˣʵҲΪ˵ģΪѧԺûѧԺϼǳǳ޷ԳһԺ󶼻ѧԺһսǸոҲţ˵ˣѧԺǧ˲õ󷨣Ϳɱ壬ǵʱһս϶Ҳڵĳսʿһ׬
Ҫȥļˣ˿̲סֹס˽Ų
ǾˣԸѧԺһսļٵģ
Ҫ֪ѧԺһսսʵ̫ҫˣѧԺѧʦԼһˣɶĽء
˵ˣһλһսһٶѫ㣬սƷǼֵྦྷ
Ҳ˵ѧԺǵǸסˣȻڴɱ壬嶼ᷴġ
ҪܸѧԺһսҾͲȥˣֻҪѧԺ˺棬밲ȫб֤ġ

˵ţĳŻԳ£
ţ񽫶ˣ˿ҪԼߵļˣתֻʣ²֮һˡ
ʱҲɵܱѧԺĴȣ˭ţ񽫡
ôԳޱȣоһڶ
ӣݣӦǣʱѧԺǣҿô졣˵ţţߺߵˡ
ԳȴǲΪ⣬Ȱ˴ȥ˵
ѧԺפأԳȥǵ޼ʦЩǳսʿԺͶˡ
޼ɶжˡ
ԳΪ޳ܵҲû취ڳ˲˵ҸѧԺһ֮㿴ЩˣѾûԸҵģھѧԺġҲܣѧԺ̣ҵĳţңҡԺǳȻң͹ѧԺˡ
޼̲סһֲۣϣƨ
ԳӣȫǴѧԺˡ
ֻԳȴһ뷨ȸѧԺҵᣬֱӴλʱǶҪҵġ
뵽˷ܴԳ˷ܵЦоԼ̫ˣȻѧ߾ȹˡ
󣬷޼ɺһüȻѧԺһ֧ţҲԽЩˡ
Щ˵ܿǵİ칫ϣǰһսʿܹѾﵽǧˡ
תۣʮȥ
ʮ棬սûг֣Сսȴǲϡ
ǧ˵ĳսʿҲ׬˲ٵĹѫ
Ȼ˵ǳսʿʵ˶ֻ֪ǹҿڳͳ˧ǵѧԺ
һС֮Уǿٳռ䣬ѧʦսʹãλӥϷ
˿̵ҦܣһƬҺ֮С
ЩҺǱģʵǲʯͲྦྷ֮еγɵһҺ̬Ũֱ֮ΪҺ
һ㣬һҺҪһĲྦྷɲʯǾһڿ鲻ʯ
ҺģǸ߽飬ǿ϶Ҳ
ϾλҲҪȽŲʯáΪʯԼڵྦྷĻˣȻҵвྦྷĿֱ졣
ҲսϣྦྷԺûһЩϾֻҪʮѫܶһһ鲻ྦྷ
ֻǣһ鲻ྦྷǶλõģĻͻᱻˣĻҲʮµ顣
˲ླ֮Լһ޵׶
һСǧԳΪλٸСǧſԳΪλһǧСǧſԳΪλ
м˵ʵֻҪ㹻񾧣ʵʵһ·λ۷Ҳʱѡ
ҦʹҺ˵ʵѾݳˡ
ЩҺʵҲһٽѣһĶһ۸Ƕʮѫ㣬һٽǧѫ㣬ðҦʱļҵȫͿˡ
ô๦ѫ㣬ȫԶһ鲻ྦྷЩҺ̺Ķ֮ࡣ
ҦܲûôΪҺȲྦྷҪյĶ̵࣬ʱͻƵλ񾳽硣


1757 Ĵ
˲ϵҺҦܵɹڲϵ
ѾӽСǧˡ
پʮģپʮ塭
ҦܳţҲЩҺԼ塣
ĹǺɺΪģһ㶼ǳ书ԴЧǿ
ֻҪȥһ·԰Ľĵز
پʮˣپʮš
ҦȻʮ㣬Ǵ˿ҲЩء
֮оԼ֮Уһɢ˳Ǳģʵɹ
ɹﵽСǧʱɹܿԽռͶ
˿̣ҦܵѾ۳һɹӰ
ӰƺԶĿռضֹϣЩɣ
ҲԱ˸֪
޵ģʵڵġ
ɶˡ
Ҧţְɹ
ɹ൱ǵһġ
һսҲû˻ᱩ¶Լ
Ϊһ¶ֻҪ飬ʧȥ֮ԴʵȻ󽵡
Ҧͻ֮󣬳ȥˡ
սϵĿռ伫ȲȶֿĿռ伫ΪͻƵʱ򲻱˴ţҦܶʹá
ǵסԳһƬռ䣬֮¾·ﶼ
ҦȻ֪ġ
ͻ˾֮󣬵һʱ뵽ľ
ΪģһͻƾĻԺܻܿõ
⽱ԺģѧԺĽ棬ɵ˲ŲҪ
ҦڹΪǵĽ
ƺ֪ҦܻЦЦôͻˡȻ˵ļ£ҪǻԼɹ磬ֻ˲꣬ʹӽһͻƵɶ˵ӦٶȺܿ죬ֵñһ˫ղصսѥڶױԴ𣬿ٷ֮ʮƶٶȺͰٷ֮ʮȲ
Ҧ֮˷ޱȡ
ϴڼסϵȭԼʹõĳǶױԴһ˫սѥܴһ׶ױԴװˡ
ֻڼסȭ׺ͳңսѥ̫ϡˡ
ҪΪսѥǰһױԴĻЩܴﵽױԴģֵһױԴıˡ
ùѫһĻ˵ҪüڵĹѫ㣬ͻƲŻǧѫѡ
ԣҦܲô
Űɡ
˵ţһ˫ɫսѥƯŵҦܵǰ
ҦסȻֻǼ򵥵һ£ͰѽϵһױԴսѥѵˣױԴġ
˻֣ǿ˷ܵСһҦܣֱֵģʵֻøϽˡ
ҦͻƵϢȻסģܿʹķзģȻҲҦսѥ̫ˡ
ױԴսѥѧĿǰϵͷһ
֮⣬˵ѧԺҦͻƻнĽĲҪҪġ
ͻƵĺôʵ̫ˣѧǱžҪͻơ
ҦܵסƾˣҦܣڶжױԴսѥˣ㻻ǼһױԴģ͸ô
ҦܺǺˣ֪⡣
Ҫ֪һױԴսѥһĻôҲҪѫ
һ˫սѥʵҲһˡ
ôܽһ㣬ǿǻеƷĳսѥٷ֮ʮٶȺͰٷ֮ĹڻԭĺϽսѥǱӲ֪Ӽ
нųҲҪ
ҪȻҪĽųܼҷܷͼǿ
ҵĽ̫ˣܴˡ
û£ҰԼĽű䳤㣬ѧ˱仯֮㲻õġ
Ҧţһѫ㡣
ϵ̸ѫ˸顣
̸ѫ㣬Ǯ
Ǻǣ
һѫ㣬ҪҪҪˡ
ҪôҪ
ƾɵӲŲҪ
ʹһһ˫һױԴսѥģһһ۸һľҪ򣬺õĶǧѫˣҦ˫սѥһֱѪ׬
ѧԺ֮УܸɳҲֻˣһ˻ûƤô
ʮ꣬ѧԺ½ʮͻ˾硣
ҶӰĭȻУͻƣҲ˽
ս
һƬʮεĿռ֮Уռ汻һƬ޴ҶӰڸ汾ԴĸӦ
˶ˣǾͿżɽɡһͳ𣬡ѧԺ󷨵ĵˣ󷨱ѧԺ֮Ϊƺ󣬿òྦྷãٵĻʮྦྷܲãĻʮϰҲԡƺǿҲ벼󷨵Ĳྦྷйءʮ棬ѧԺǧ˼ϳĲžƺȻķɱĿѾ򣬶ˣֱһ漣
ռڣŸӰЩ𾪡
ɱֻ˰ˣս̫ˡ
ƺȻ޷ڷĻȴʲǿ룬ڸҪִͻƣѶǲҪʮӡ˼ǾõƺȻڸŽƹ㡣Ӽƺʵش
Ҳǵ˵ͷ󷨾ȷʵҪˡ
սϵĴɱԾս
ȻѧԺƺҪǸһЩҲԣϾѧԺЩʵģҲԼˡ˵ţһˣ㣬ͽȥˣǸĴ͡
һģӰ˵ͷá


1758 ̫ĺ
̩޵ܺãʮûдս£߾ʮ귢չѸ͡
Ȼ֪кܴһѧԺĹ͡
ڼ߾ŵĲ±ǱܺѧԺһսȥġ
̩ޡ
һȻ
̩һ飬ЩϤ
ͷȥһ壬һɫָ׸ǴСƬ˹
Ӹ𾪵̩ޣֱ̩޵ľųλϡ
㡭ͳ˧
̩ڷӦ˹漴¶ĵЦݡ
ھϽųͳ˧ͳ˧൱ڵ˵Ԫ˧
һ㣬ųаֻſǿߵΣͳ˧ֻʤΡ
̩ޣǺþò뵱ʦΪͻƵ磬ѵԴԶսЩԴǴһˡʹôԴΪһ㶼ǹʦġ˷ʦΪλߵЦսһҪעһӣû뵽֮еս֮սⶼпһԪˣȻûͻơ㵭˵ţһܲܵӡ
ӣǺ̩ܿޡ
̩ϵЦݽʧתŭ
ߣˣǲǵսϣûô˵㣬Ͳ֪Լʲôɫˡ
ȴǸ̩Ҫɱ˵飬ڼ˵ôңҵĶôǵͬʱ񾳽磬ʱҲΪҸ㣬Ϊ˹Դбǽô㻨ôԴ޷ͻƵʱȴͻˣ뻹ˬϧʱ뿪Ȼһǰúҫһ£ñ˶֪̩޸㡣
̩޽ҧݣ˵ô
̩һۣôͷˡˣҲ˵㣬ⱲҲˣֻ㹼ʦΡǾųͳ˧ʵһٶǰսʱ򣬾㣬ǰúõҫһһ١ҫˣˣҲǻ£ûʲôĸо
̩ޣһԪ֮ٴμ̩ޣļ֮鲻ˣҲˡ
˵ЩֻǸǰԼһ
Ҳ˵ϴӥ¼֮Ϊ˷ֹ˴˼λսû뵽л㡣̩޵ڣٴͻȻ㣬ںսϣǺ⡣
˵ʵְڣھ뿪ԶԶġ
˰֣ˣϻˣֱӽɡѧԺ֪ɣ˵Ǿǵ߾֮ڣҲǣ
̩ôһھǱϻˣ˵ЩǷϻô
㵹֪Լһλͳ˧ˣʼͳ˧ļˡ
̩޵ְλһҲöײֻôѧԺǵμӺսһѧԺΪѧԺʵǿһͬѧԺڵ߾֮Գһκ˹ϽѧԺѾսʮ꣬ʦ޼ɣ񾳽ΪѧԺֳʿĿǰѾնɱˡ
˵ͷ󲿷֪Ĳࡣ
ѧԺȻԳһʱ׼ԳһǿЦһѧԺƾʲôԳһֻЩʵǿĴʥزʸǾһ䣬ʲôèеģѧԺʸ㣬ھȡѧԺԳһʸ񡣡
⻰̩޵üͷ
ӦѧԺҪȡˣڴ
ؼѧԺĿǰѾսչֳ˾˵ʵΪѧԺʧĿǵ߾š
߾źòڵӰȫѧԺ
˼һ£̩ͳ˧Ϊ߾ŵľųȻ˵߾ѧԺǩԳһЭ飬ǳǵ߾ŲˣȻЭͻԶЧ˵ѧԺҲֻڵ߾ԳһֲҲӰ첻˭˵ѧԺ˳˺սʧķǡ
ǿЦһССѧԺʧʲô˵ЩԳһôҲҪһۡȻĻԺ˶ôĻ˵ǾǴӦǲӦ㵭˵š
̩޴˿̲˵ˡ
ڷĻһʼڲıѧԺѧԺ˵һĲֵѧԺǿƵġ
̫ܲˡ
һùС²ŶԣѵԼ˵ģеĵ˰ɡȡѧԺԳһ飬ȫþֱӷһͨ棬ʱԼضܡ
ԣ϶Ŀġ
˳˼·̩޾ͻȻˣǾѧԺǸ󷨰ɡ
˵˵ǿ󣬾ô޶ԣԭء
ȻԳһһԼѾȥѧԺƺĿǹڵġ
ԣ̫ĺˡ
̩޿Ҳֵڹѫ㣬ˡ
̩ҲֳҪѧԺĶԼȥɱңͳ˧ѧԺԳһҪʲôۣҾԼ̸ҶԴ˰ĪʱĻھͿԸ·ҴӦѧԺԳһʱȷʵûоɣȥ̸ѧԺҲӦҲ˵
ֻ̩ﲹһ䣬ܴӦŹ֡
ѧԺôգѧԺĵĻùĻ֪˭ء
ΪǾͳ˧ͿΪΪˣѧԺҲġ
Ǻã·ɡ
㿴ˣ̩Ƕ쵽⡣
ôǾͳ˧ǾһѧԺɡ
ѧԺķ޼ʦӦпա
̩˵ţǰ·ѾԤеһϷҪˡ


1759 ĸհ
ѧԺפأ޼ɿԶ
ôˣ
ԳֵҲ濴˿Ȼüͷ
оһɼǿƣԡ
߲ư
ˣҲѧԺԤ֮Сƺ¹شúˣԸıսľƣܲĶֻû뵽ص֮ǰȻûвԺȴͲˣǰ׼޼ɵ˵š
Գȣսˣ
ǿӵȻ֪
ǳĽѵⶼûʸ֪
޼ЦЦȻŻԳ¶һζЦݣԳмҪæλͳ˧϶߾ƺ˵ʵƺҲ޿ɺǣϾϵսľƣѧԺҲ˽ˡҪװߣǿ϶СмҪϵĵطֻҪʱʱ˵ˣҿԸһĳ͡
Գסɵˡ
ǸʲôҪеĽôǾܾأǾܾء
ߣҵʲôˣҿǾĽôܱڵˡңҴˣһԳڲٻеġԳ˵һмӡ
һױԴͷ޼Ҳ˵ţϴЦ⡣
ʲôˣһ֪
ĵĸ˵ʲôڲ٣ǵҿ۰ɡ
Ǻǣ׼ھȡΪǲҶɡҲǾˣΪ顣˵ҾҶˣҰ£ģһƯƯģһ㶼źۼԳ¶ĵЦݣոռֱˡ
һױԴͷǱױԴڼ׶ҪŪһˡ
ϧһ̫ױԴͷ̫ϡ٣սѥҪϡ١
ֻҪԼԱ߰ļŪһױԴڼף˵˾λǿԼϵܸɳȫûʲôô
һܻһױԴܿӵѧԺƲ
һΪ޼Ҳ˵ʲô
Сʱ̩޴ˡ
ڵһʱ֪ˣ㻹ֵһ
޼ʦôҸһˣλǾһλͳ˧ԳƺΪͳ˧ͳ˧ӹѧԺþƺɱ壬𾪡̩˵ţѾƺ˵ĺأѾʾˡ
޼ɿ˿㣬Էһģ˭ɱȫƵġ
ԳҲЩĴҲϼˣҶԷһλ
һĲ츳һ㣬ֻҪϳԿ࣬ټһɷ֣ⲻġǲླ߽׵ǾͲǿԿһܴﵽġ
ÿһΪǿߣ޲Ŵġ֮ˡ
һһԴﵽ񾳽硣
һڲ棬δһܴﵽ硣
Ѿڸ߽ײ֮࣬
۷Ǹ֮жģÿһӰĴ
ѧԺķ޼񣬿ΪҲﵽ񾳽۷壬ͻ磬вٵĲࡣ˵ѧԺԺģң˵ҲһλǿԺƽȶԻˡ԰˵ȫѷ޼ɵ¡
ļӺܴ󣬺㡣
޼ҲֻεѧԺԺûս˼Ҫô˿ѧԺѧڿΣҪôǱչˡͳ˧ԺĻҪʧˣʵǱǸԺ˵սϵȫȨͳ˧ʲôҲһġ
ֻǷ޼˵ţȴЩƲ㡣
ѾһţƺӣҪԺԻԺǰԶĿռ䣬㵹Ƿְ
ȫȨɵĿ˿޼ɣֻһ̸һԶѧԺ˵㻹ҷɡ
̩ҲǾȣΪܼѧԺԺء
̫ˡ
֤޼ʦԴѧԺ̩ʱϵȻ޼ɶô˵ˣȻѡŷ޼ɡ
Գһȫ岻죬ֻܸɿš
˵ͷãҾͺ̸ѧԺȻںս˴󹦣ɱ˰壬ѧԺԳһ飬Ͼ涨ѧԺﲻԳһʸ񣬱ȡޡ
Ϳʼô
޼ҲЦЦͳ˧Գһǲʲô⣬Ȼ˵ԳһʵҲڵ߾֮ڣɲ߾ŵľų̩ҲѾǩЭ飬ѵ̩޾ųǩЭ飬Чģ
̩޶ʱ֪ѻҪյϡ
̩޿ɲʲô𾴣ֱӾǵȻԳһǾ̩޲һССľųûʸǩԣϵԳһЭȻЧġ
޼ɿ˿̩ޣɥһĪӡ
ϾλһѹˣټԼλһĻԼĶ֣Ǿ͸군ˡ
ӣͲúݺݲһš
治ܱѧԺԳһȨ޼ɿ㣬Ѿĵͦݵģǵ˵仰ô
涨ǹ涨ûа취顣ѧԺ֤ǵʵ߾ʲô⹱ףſԳһ㵭֤ʵ϶ǲܵģڰʾѧԺѾƺ󽻳Ϊ⹱ףȻԳһ͵˽ˡ
ԳĴ湻޳ܵģҶ޳ܡ
ⲻǱѧԺƺôһһ۶븶֡
ô޼һѾ
Ȼҵ˼ô񣬸סѹֻܹԹ
ƺˡ
ȻˣѧԺϾʹظ޼ȴǺȻ̧ͷһЦĿ㣬̩޾ųлԳϾʰʰ͸ˡ֪ģѧԺͲǺսǷҪѧԺսġھȻѧԺǺѺãǾ˳ƻȥˣҲͲˡ
ʱ̩ɵˡ
Ҳ±ˣԳһʮ־ȵӡ
Ҫߣ
ѧԺսϣǷˮʱÿ첻֪жٲƸˣʱҪĻǼٵġ
޼˵֮ͳȥţһܺõӡ
ƺ뿪ս֮á
ͳ˧ѧԺҪ뿪ˣʧĿǾ̩Դǵ˵ֵʮַŭȴֿ˻
ЩѧԺˣĸհ
ǻһĹѫսƷǺģȴ˵߾ߣһ㶼ⷴһ
ȻǱߣɫ࣬û뵽޼˲ơ


1760 սɣ޼ɣ
޼ɳȥ֮󣬺ܿյѧԺҪ뿪սϢ
ѧʦ֪ô£װʰһ׼ؼҹӡ
һȺսʿɲ֪оһѧԺҪˣǵ׬ô๦ѫȥ
ǶѾϰѧԺĴڣ߾Ŷһ
ףǻڣͳ˧ǲǲģѧԺһףһףδػ뿪սԻලǡԷģұ֤ٽ磬ѧԺʦѧͻ᳷һʣԺûǾ׼Ƕս޼ɵ
̩ҪЦˣ˵̫ˡ
㲻ţ㲻ǰôﻢ˰ɡ
ԳҲ±ˣ޼ɵ޼ʦѧԺҪߣǼҪߣɱˣҰҪһ֮һȺӻ졣
޼µʱܵһ˶ûˣʱʵˡ
Գ˵ʲô˶û£ǳķű뱣
֧Ӿ
ʱߵ޼ɣӮˡҲѧԺҪսǼٵҪսǾƺ£ƺԺսսشһ̶ϿԾսϵս棬ڱصá
̩֪˵仰һѾ
޼ɼʱҲЦˣͳ˧ѵһʼΪѧԺľƺո˵ʲôȡѧԺԳһʸֻǾͷඡû뵽ͳ˧飬ֱšûмǴĻѧԺѾ˵һԱȡѧԺĶǿȥߵġ
üͷ齨ġ
Ǿȡ˵ĶǾ֪ʷӰɾʹˡ
̩Щ𾪵Ŀŷ޼ɣ涾㻹ûȡأһñӾͿȥˡ
ĺˬ
ѧԺס޼ɼסӲ㡣
ʲôƨͲҪһ¡
Ŀŷ޼ɣڿˣ޼ɾһӲӡ
˽ȫѹȣǴ˿̩޺ͻԳڣĻڶܴս
޼ʦ˵ﻰҿûȡѧԺľƺѧԺԳһͲָֻ̣ѡھҪƺһ飬ܻΪһ̸ϾǴ˿̻ȥˣǾΪ飬ǻȡƺġ
޼ЦЦ˵˵ȻԳҲ̶á
ϾģûƤˡ
ƺѧԺʮʦǱоɣͶоѶѾ޷㡣ȡƺΪûеӦ⻨ѵġܸոзĳɱɣ޼Ц
оûгɱ
̩޶ǾȻ
ǵͳ˧ƺʵ˫оĻ϶Ҫε飬ÿ鶼ҪѲྦྷá棬Ҳֻм˵ǻ۲ſоѧԺоһлкܴɷ֣Ժоһ̫ܡ
Գ±ˣ̩а
ѾģǲѧԺҲͨ㡣
޼ɣֱ˵˵ѧԺɡ㿴ŷ޼ɣĿ档
޼ɵĴ㣬￴
ѧԺ׳󷨼Ȼע飬Ҫôˡ
޼ЦЦҲԥֱӵǺܽģҾֱӿˡǿ԰ѾƺͼԼ÷ޱĽΪ˸лѧԺĸѧԺһһڽҺڶʹþƺսѧԺȡɵս档
⻰Գֱ˿ˮ
һоǷ޼ɷˣʨ̫ˡ
̩ҲЩ±ƣȻ֪ѧԺҪ۲ܻͣݺݵթһʣҲ̫˰ɡ
˵ģһڽҺҪʮڵĹѫܶһ
ɱһһڹѫʮڹѫ൱ǧˡ
һڽҺʵɵսֲġ
սһٶţÿһһٶ˵ÿ춼Ҫս
Ҫ֪սǻĸ
ÿһʹþƺսѧԺҪɣȲƸĿֲҪԶһڽҺ
ɫ࣬Ϊ޼Ҳ˼һڿ¡
޼ɣѾƺļֵ̫ˡǾȻԾƺڱصãǻûеʲôܴӦĵزʶȤĻҿѧԺһҺѾѧԺˡϾ֮УѧԺʲôһܻһҺԵֵνĳɱˡ˵
޼⻰ͲˣʲôйѧԺˡ
ƺļֵжǻ֮۷ļ۴󷢣ҲһڽҺס
ܿѧԺ޼˵ţŻԳʹһɫ˼ϸˡ
ߣ֮ǧѧԺȷʵʲô˵ƶȣֱӱѧԺǽ󷨣Ρ棬Ҫʵ˵˵䲻ģѧԺλԺ˶ûкҶԻʸ񡣡ܲ˵ԣһҺþհɡ
Ȼˣǿû̸ˡ޼Ҳε̯̯֡
㿴޼ɻ˿Խӷŭ
޼ǸҪˡ
ʲôɫһĺ˵ЩѾˡ
ͳ˧ҪǧҪѧԺСɫֵáԳʱҵ˻ᣬһЦȻ˷޼ɣ޼ʦ㣬ҾʹӦͳ˧ˡ֪ߣԼ񾳽˿ɵУƨҲͱԼǿôһѡò˵뷨̫Цˡȣһ㡣ԣ϶硣
޼ɶʱɫѿ
̩ҲЩ±ˣô£Գǲӷˣô޼ˡ
˹㣬ѵҪĴȡ
ȻֻɫЩ滺һģܲ
ô㻹ԳЦ޼ɣ㲻ʨӴ󿪿ôſھҪһڽҺɵս档սϣһжҪʵ˵ģͳ˧վţʮС
˵ţԳȻͣˡ
㣬Щ˼ͳ˧˼еԽˣ㿴죬Ǹó顣
˵ţԳĸԼӡ
˵ĺܺáȴЦֹ˻Գ޼ɣҾԳ˵ĺеսκεطʵҪġ˵ʵҪǻ̡澺ðˡеЭ֮ģҿܾʹӦˡѧԺ˵ûУôܴӦⲻǲƽ̫ˣûʵʸôࡣôܴôʵôпᡣҿԸһᣬȻߣԼ񾳽֮޵еģֱ㣬һжסҲܲƽҾͰΪѹƵ񾳽۷壬ܻңºҴƽ֣ҴӦҲǲԡҿûʵԶˡ
Գ˿̰ЦһȻԼ·ˡ
Ϳˡ
սɣ޼ɣ


1761 Ҳ
޼ɫѿһ˵ӡ
ôҴӦˣжʵöٵĶҲ񾳽µǿ߲֮⣬ȻǸʲôѧԺҲһһȺСѡⲻǣʵѧԺе㹱ףҶᡣ
һ֣ʩһ
޼ŭʢҪƲסˡ
̩޴˿Щ±ˣĻǼٵģ޼ɺͻԳһһ͵ģ治Ϸ
Գʱֿˣ޼ɣ㶼˰ɡѾˣԼʵãԹ˱ˡһҺҲˣʶ㣬ʹӦˡϾôֻһ񣬹ôĶأԼΪѹƵ񾳽۷壬ҲսʤġԣҪԼͳ˧ǰֻһϣһС󡣡
˵ţԳĳ
㿴ŻԳҲԽԽ˳
˵ô࣬ҴӦô޼ЩСĸֵʱǳʧȥһ㣬ãǾһսǿԿңѧԺҲǶ֣ѧԺҲǲֵһᣬսұʿξһսӮҪս֪ҲҪսҵĵҲѧԺĵҲߵĵ
̩޶ʱȻ
Ҫս
ȻɱֱͶˣʲôս
Դᣬһ˲Ͳ˹
޼ɣ֧㡣սˣҲһӢۡǵ߾Ϊ٣ѧԺ뿪ˣֻҪһڵ߾һ죬߾žѧԺһϯ֮ء̩޴ȵʼԮ޼ɡ
޼ɵ˵ͷЩж
սĳɽ塣
ͷ޼Զ
ԳʱЦ޼ɣԼӦġҪսˣƺѧԺֻܻһҺȻҪʤˣѧԺԻһڽҺɵս棬ȻսָֻЩʹ˾ƺսʤôһʤ㶼ûôҪʤˣԺд硣
ԳĳЦ
̩Ǹ֪˵ʲôãԳڸʲôôĵһֻô
ؼҲ̫ˣǳļ˸ѧԺĺģ㲻˼жȻҧһڡ
Գ̩Ǳӵ񣬼Цҵľܶģ޴ķ˰
̶㣺ͳ˧һһսƵǼϣʱ޼սˣô˼֤϶ˡ
΢΢ףȷһʧˡ
޼һû˵ʲô
սܿ쿪ʼˡ
ڵһʱ޼ɾͳˣһĽױԴɫƿռ䣬ֱȥ
һȥնȾ˺ɫƺԩǰ
ʱѪϡ
㵱Ǳɫǡɱ¾򣬹ֲҺһսƾӮңҲˡҵѪǿվްھŵ̫ϵ̫۾ſվַ򣬶Ҳַ̳򡣡
˵ţһȭŷ޼ɺ˹ȥ
һȭ֮ںաԼǿĻ淨
䣡
ձ飬ռǱһѡ
ǻգ޼ҲǱȺˡ
̫ѪֲЩϤ޼ɱ˱ţ뵽˺ǼһҲں̫ѪȻܹΪľûߣãȻⳡս̫û˼ˡ
Ұܰɣ
㳯ŷ޼׷ɱѸٵĻܷ޼ɡ
ֻݡ
ȭĽױԴһ㶼ȷ޼ɵĽ˿һȭȥԻٵһϵ
޼ҲеĳϵնȥÿһԳһСأȭͷжеһȭľǴڿһ
ôܣȥȭȫס
ҲôѾҴһһǧȭҲһ޼ЦţеĳȻһΪһ֮ɱ죬һ֮ϳˡ
棬ˮһ
еƣؿھնɱȥ
һ걻һ㣬ҲǸųٻ
ãһҵ嶼Ҫ
Ҳ˲֮бһɼǿ
ǺһצһС
䣡
޼ɵ˴̶죬Ҳ˺
޼֪ԼӮˡ
ոǴ߶С棬ǿɲ񼶱
Գ˿ѾɵˣǸո㲻߶ǲѾɱˡ
Ȼ
̩ЩƣǸʹԼˣ޼ɾ֮һ
ҧɫѿ
ȻЩɱ뵽ô˿ţŭա

ţ˷޼ɡ
̩ʱˣͳ˧ѾʹԼѾˡ
ȴЦ˭˵ʹֻǴ߶ѣɲҪΪһ̸Ͼ֮ûгɾӵС漶ҲеġҳҲֻʹ˰벽벽Ȼ񡣡
̩˶ɵˣŭȵǹ磬ӵС漶м
ȴЩֻҪӮ˾С
ٴγ֣ޱȫ߶С
Ȼûд߶ʵѾһ벻ླ߽׵
䣡
һȭȥȸոֹ
޼֮࣬Ѫӿȼս⡣
սġ
޼ɣû뵽㾹Ȼֶȷ򣬶ַ⣬ͬʱ߶һһڶЧҲ͵ΪֹˣΪյַںС߶ѹκ̩˵ʵڷӳѾٴγŷ޼ѹȥ
޼ɲϺˣС綼Ƿ׷׻Ϊɻҡ
ȫѹˣ޻֮
Ұܣ
ţǧȭʱ࣬һȭ˷޼ؿڡ
һȭǷ޼ֶΣذɡ
ɾʱ򣬷ȴ¶һЦݣͳ˧̫ˣַֻʹشˡ
ʲô
ɫ΢䣬Ϳ޼еĽһΪ
γһСŽ
֮УܻһС磬͵һ̣Ͱˡ
ʧɫֻоԼһȭϣȫļⶼڷ


1762 Һ
ţ͸ռ䣬ֱüĶֱָҪ
оΣ
ΣıܸӦ
͸ͷ­һӾܰ궼Ĩɱˡ
쵰ôôǿһ񣿡
ֱҪˣ˿Ϊ˻ֻô߶
壬Ϊһ塣
ˣһ
ھüĲһߵľ룬һǿסˡ
޼üͷ߶С棬ʵٴαࡣ
ôȻԼĻҪֲ
ҹ
㵲ס˷޼֮󣬷һȭ˷޼ɡ
˿Ѿ߳ŭȫʶ֡
޼ɫ΢䣬һȭԼ㲻ƾҪһ⡣
ƺҲʶˣһȭѾղ
㣬߶Ѿȫã޼ʦ̩޾
õġ޼ɵĮ˵ţѾ侲Ҿ˵ôϧ֮⣬ȻһҪսٻغϣԼܲսնɱڣҲֻܵΪֹˡ
˵ţ޼ɵӰȻɢȻһ˲ƵģѸԶ
һȭ׷ŷ޼һԶһ㡣
ƺԶ׷һ
һ֮ȴҲġ
뵽ʲôʱأ׹ߣ㿪ˣôܶ㿪ˣǿռ䷨˲ƣѵǡʱ䷨һǵġ㾹Ȼʱ䷨ôܡһַʱ䷨һȷҲ̫ˡֲҺһսԭгû뵽ͷβΪǵֻһҾȫ߶ʵδӮ㣬Ϊ㣬ǿЦ
㱾޼ɣڷ޼չ¶ʱ䷨˲Ͱѷ޼ᵽԼƽȵλá
ؼǷ޼ɵǱ̫ˣȷ޼ͻƵ磬ʱÿѹ
ڣ޼ҲԺһս
ʤҲֻɣ⻹ڷ޼ûƵ¡
̩޸ǾˣоԼҪʶһ·޼ˡ
ﻹһλ񣬸һλӵսα񣬿ЦһֱԼͷ޼ʵࡣ
ԳȴһʱЩ㲻״ԼӦǳɹ˰ɡ
汾Դˡ޼ʱ̧ͷգһĺ˲ɣ۾Ƭ
㵱ɫ䣺Ҹոմ߶汾Դע⡣
˵ţеϢ
˺ܴĴ۲Ű͵֮⣬ͱȥˣǿɱһս˸ˡ
źü֮汾Դƺûҵףȥˡ
㳤һĺա
Գʱͳ˧û°ɣôðɣ
㿴ŻԳ¼ôոҺͷ޼ɽսӰ񡭡
Գǲһֵ̿ͳ˧治ǹġ֮ǰΪһӮġ汾ԴٵʱҾж¼Ӱ֮ǰ߶Ļ棬ӦáӦûǱ¼Ǽ磬ʱӦѾˡ
⻰һͷ
ǲѧԺ˵ģȴǺԼ֪㲻ʯͷԼĽš
Գʱ͵͵ظ޼ɼüŪ˼ֱ˵ҸɵƯɡ
޼ɾ͵ʲôûп
˼һ£֪Ҫֱ⣺޼ɣȻǲɷϣӵս޷֮ʱ򣬾ҪټѧԺԺҲһλĻӦѧԺҲǲСЩһҪ˵һڽҺ϶ٲѧԺģɵս棬ƾ̫ˣʱսǲҪȥսʿǵǲҪȥʵܳȡսֻһɶ㣬һɶпܡ
̩û˵֪ǱȻ顣
绻ĵ߾ţͿ԰еսƷָսʿǣȻٴӻõսѫֿһսʣµսһɶ
ס
޼ɵ˵ͷֻһɣҲһʼΪ˵ĲƸ
Ҳ˵ʲô˵ʡԺΪ˲ˡ

οռ䡣
㣬̫ʧˡһ𣬡һڽҺԼɵս棬һᰴŵĸѧԺϾսʿǶսƵҲ޷㴦鲻Ǿ棬ԺнٺͲҪˡ
ǡ˵ͷЩΡ
ʮ֮󣬾ˡ
һڽҺ͵ˣ޼ǩյģʱѧԺפضˡ
ʦǻãѧɶŷһء


1763 ѧ
ǵڣ޼ɵʮλʦȫˡ
޼ɳ˼һ¿ڵһڽҺ˵಻࣬˵ҲˡϾλͻƵλ񾳽磬ҲҪһǧҵҺλͻƵλҲҪǧҵҺλ۷壬ҲҪǧҺôҺ㹻ѧͻƾˣǳѧѧҪҺ
ǵ˵ͷ˵ĲλλҲѧԺ˵ĽһҪԼɹ磬ԼɹһСһǧС㹻ҺӦ̣ܿѧǵʱ䡣
ֻǶһĲһٽҺһʾ޴ĲƸҪǻǧʱܹ
ϾһٽҺͬһ鲻ྦྷͨλƶûô಻ྦྷ
ߣȻǵͬģҺգͬʹҺٶǲྦྷʮ
̺ͬҺͲྦྷҺļ۸Ҳǲྦྷ
˴ʱȻˣھͰЩҺָЩոͻƵĴѧѧǿͻơѧԺѧһĴ޽ɶûУҶȥˡ
ʱмʦüͷ
޼ɸɿһµô˵ǱϾһѧԺΪѧѧҪҺֱӸǣѧô롣ѧԺĹƽɲǶϷ
ʦǵ˵ͷ
˵ô죬ڴѧҺͻƣǼȻЩҺѵҪڲֿ淢ùɡѧѧΪѧԺĹҲģҺֱΪǣ˭ҪǾòƽԼҲͻƵɾȥûǸͲҪʱˡ׵ѧԺѧϰãòѧѵҪֱѧϰòɡҾܼѧ˴ۼֵ
޼ʱĬˣòϺ˴˵ĻЩġ
ҲǲƽɵǶѧֻҪͻƵɾ磬൱Ժһ·ֱδһּ
мʦ˵ˣʼԮ˴ۡ
أʮλʦòɿ
Ǵ˿Ҳ˼ţʵҲú˴۵Ļе
ѧԺȻѧԺҲ˵ڻп͸߿ǿϣ̭
öˣǸϽǡ
λʦˣ˵ĶеһۺǵóһʱĻλʦȥһѧǣҪѧԺţҪͷ塣ͷµģʱѧԺ϶ط˵ţ˿棬ѧ͵ѧԺˡ
һȺѧҲû˭ˡ
֮
ǵķˣȷеһ
𣬷ѧԺѧһ꼶ѧļ£ѧԺѧ飺һһʮҺÿѧۼ߿ԶһһҺ˷䲼֮𼴿ɶһսжһֱѯ޼ʦ
ѧϢ֮󣬶Ǿˡ
һҺǾ൱һڿ鲻ྦྷ̺㹻ܶһ·޽۷ˡ
ؼǶһһҺҪĹѫŽһǧ㣬ⶼǰײ˼ˣڰô
Ͼѧѧ˭ûһǧ㡣
޼ɿһʱ͹ԼʮѧͷһҺԱ֤󲿷ֵѧһ·޽۷壬һͻƵļĻԪɾ磬ǾҪҸԵˡߣÿѧֻܶһһҺѧԺҲܸ𡣡
ѧѧȫһˣֱһξͶһһٵҲһһǧ
⣬ҪͻƣҲҪҺ
죬ѧԺǾĵģжһҺѧƴȥˣЩʥɾѧҲҧʼɾ硣
ϾֻҪһɾ磬ɾһҺء
ֻΪһҺҲҪͻƲС
Ȼܾе˵ĸо
Գܵ⣬޼ŵױԴͷˡһʱ䣬ʹͷ߾еӪתһ顣ڻԳԣǶ͵ɣ㻹ڹԲûˣˣܵġ
ʮ꣬ʼнһѧͻƵɶ
һϢ
Ϊֻиѧͻơ
ͬʱǱߣҺʱ˾ƺͼͲ÷޼ɻһļʣΪ֪ʶ֮󣬾ľƺʼõսɱŷɥֱӵڶɹģܾǰǱ󷨡
ھ߾ƺʱѧԺҲǺ;ǩЭ顣ʱдǾȡѧԺ󷨣ȻѧԺһڽҺս֮ġĻã޼յǵĴþݸĳ˾ȡѧԺľƺ
ʱ㻹һ±ƣʲôôѧԺ󷨲ָƺ
޼Ц㲻֪е˼


1764 ꣬ջ
ս
ʮڣ˲أɱ渹صļƻͣͲǰ߿ʼơ
Ϊˣľ߲㲻òٿ취
谵Ŀռڣ߲һˡ
Ȼװ죬ǿϢȴҲȫﵽ硣
Դʮǰʼ˸ŵĿʼһص󷨣֮Ϊƺ󡣴޴ȥ֮ǵսʿ淽뿪ãһᱻʧǣú޻ֻܱ֮һɱͳƣʮ棬սʿѾǧ򡣡һͳ
⻰˶üͷһ塣
ǧսʿɲһСĿ⻹ֻʮѡ
ǰǺսΪǵսʿʵձǿǣսϵһˣǾҪϡ󷨵ĳ֣˫Ѿﵽһһ˵ʱЩŭ
һһıûʲôʵˡ
棬Ͼ壬ǵ˱٣ȥԶˡ
˵湻õģȻܵõսɱ˵ľֻǳϤ󷨣ʹõĵӦ֮ǸʱǵĴֻáԣǱ뾡취ƽ˾ƺֻܴӸϽڵĲ档һһɫۼ׺ɫǵŮӵ˵š
һƺǾٲά裬ζû뵽ġ
սȥǾͱ취ƽƺ
ģ󷨵״ģһĿŭ
˵һѧԺѧԺѾ޴оġȳӥ·򣬻󷨣ȫûġò˵ѧԺҲǺҲоӦҲͽһо϶ռ˺ܴɷ֡ǵͳش
ƺʵ̫ˡ
õ֮󣬵һʱͽһݸ˵ܲʱļλ֮̾ΪֹǾ꣬Ҳδо󷨡
ǿγˡ
ԣҲΪֻѧԺżȻоģв߹ʺ˵ĳɷ֣оһ󷨼ܡ
ֻҪƽ˾ƺ˵ƾͻᵴȻ޴档
˿֪תʽоƺҹ۲תһֽϡԣϣܴͷҵƺƽⷽǵͳ
ɫۼŮһȻᶨص˵ͷ
ʱҵƺƽⷽȻԴ
ϾƺĿǰֻǲںսϣ֮ǿ߾æƽ⣬ҲǱ޳Ī
λͳ˧ҲܺˣǾҪͲ˾ƺ˾ӽսǻûҵƺƽⷽͱװˡˣεĻ͵˽Ϳ˿ˡǵͳֲһ䡣
Ҿ˿˵
ʱȥת۾ꡣ
棬˵ľƾžƺɱðͷ
屻ڵĽ򣬱˵ɱ渹ˣԼĵ̶Ҫסˡ
꣬ͳۼս峬ڡ
ڲ֪࣬жວˡ
˾ߣĿ൱̹֮еܲоѹһᡣ
ƾһɱڵ壬Ĵ۽һڽҺԼɵս棬ʵֵ̫ˡ
ѧԺߣֻĸ̹
ڴӺսϻõĴԴѧͻƾ硣
µѧͳƣѧԺ֮Уѧһѧ309ˣнһ269ˣɶ40ˣĿǰޡв棬һѧ9827ˣив꼶ʥɾѧ2323ˣв꼶Ԫɾѧ3271ˣвһ꼶ɾѧ4233ˡ
вѧ23329ˣСѧѧ28923ˡ
ѧԺѧ62388ˡ
ʦѧԺĿǰȫְʦ652ˣн߼Ԫ޼ɾȻǽʦһˣԪ޽ɾж22ˣ弶Ҳнˡ
ְʦǳ3000ˣȻְʦǸ꼶ѧ
ԺǺ;ǱսֽһΡʮĽ֮ǰһǹѫ1132ڣɲңԼپʮڲҡҪʻþȫ˵ȼ۵ҺҺ޼ϸ˵ţﻹǺ𾪵ġ
Ҫ֪⻹ֻʮջ񣬶ѧԺõҪۺ졣
һƺĺôʵֲ̫
ǵ˵ͷֻҪƺһֱʹãͻԴԴϡ
ֲ˪ǰ컹ڸұԹ˵ΪѧԺ̣æ˼ʮ꣬õĲƸȲһ󷨵ġǲɵЦѧԺԴܳ㣬ʦгģҲȫӦ
ǣԺ޼ɵ˵ͷоѧԺѾӭõʱ

ĳڡ
˿ƺоչΣѾ˵ľѹĴҲ󷨵ƽ֮Ҹоǵսʿɥʧսȥһͳ֮ǰʱǸֻӡ
ʵҲһ塣
ϸ˵˿ǽ壬˿Ի壬ӵߵȼĽѪ
˿ۼɫģ߼ĽѪӵеۼɫ
ԵĽȣ֮Ϊɽ۹ͳȺ۹֮һ
ĿǰսĴɽ۹Ϊ
˿⻰̧ͷ̾ͳ˧ܲ˳̫߹ԼұΪƺôأҲǴݱġҲϵоҷָƺԼתʽתʽеκתʽͬô˵أҸоƺѧԺżȻõģǱ̥ĳֺܳתϵϵĲ
⻰Щء
ʵҲµˣȻƺͱƽˡ
Ū˾ƺͼԼõķܲҵƽ֮׻
˿Щ𾪣Ȼ϶ޱȵоƺͼԼõķһҵƽⷽǽһֻĿû˼·ĻȻ޷⡣Ŀʹ𰸶ˣֻҪˣȻ⡣Ͼ˵ܱͼóƺϲ˵Щ˲϶Ҳܱͼƽ˾ƺ󡣡
׷ģͺðˡ
սĳ
׿Զڵȴʲô
ȻԶ֮УһӰ˺ѿռ䣬˳
ӰһɫĶ棬ȫʶ̽˿ĿҲӦκϢ


1765 Ƹλʦ
׿ˣƺͼͲ÷أóɣ
Ƕµ˳ãҪĶءһһڽҺһﶼ١ֻҪҺȼֵκηСЩù⣬һ뱩¶Լݡ
׳˼һ£˵ͷ
֣һռָȥ
ԷסȻʶвһ£漴óһƾĶ
ǾƺͼԼ÷ƺûͼͲ÷ǾٻһҲоԣֻһڽҺѾܱˡⲻԭ壬ֻġģϾԭֱӸǣܱܿʲô˵ţѾ˹ȥ
ֽס򿪿һ¡
ֻͼܸӣԲһġ
ô֪ҵͼǼ٣׳˼
ߣǰ֯£С˵Ӧ֪ǰ֮֯аݵʲôɫЩ߲㣬ȫһȺαļһҪǵֻܹǰ֯˵ţͷҲصľ˺ѿռ䣬ʧǰ
׳˼һ£ץžҲѸ뿪ˡ

˿õƺͼ֮ϲ񣺡ģͼģͼ̫ϸˡͼעͣЩڵĽۡͨۿԿ󷨣ıǿԵ󷨡ټһݾƺĲ÷ҾڣӦþҵƺƽ֮
⻰Ҳǳһ
ʱ䣬㳤
ֻҪսʿǳȻ˿ҵ˾ƺƽ֮Ǿܸ˳һ
һٶʮ
սȻӣȴյϵͳ֪ͨ˵ﵽ˿ƸԽһƸ
룬ԷѧԺʼԡ
˴Ƹһλߣֻǵһλ߾͸һϲ
λ߲ǱˣԷĽؽ̽ͨ졣
ʥ֮һͨ졣
ǰͨΪﵽ˽۷壬ҲǻԪ޽ɾ磬ֻһܽ߼Ԫ޼ɾ硣
еʵࡣ
Уʥ˿ԿٵԼʵϲླ׵󣬴СһֿٵءǸϡƽϾ߾ǿ߾Ѿܸıʽṹ
һ磬Ѿ۳С棬Խ񾳽磬ǶӦѧԺ߼ĻԪ޼ɾ硣
㣬ͨʦˣӦþ硣
еǿ߻ﲻ񾳽磬ǲ֡
ϾԱԼһ棬񾳽磬ԶԶͨǲ
Ǵ˵е̹ţҲδܱȵϣϾ̹ҲУƾմһ硣
ϵͳ˼ǲֿհס
ͨߣȻǲܾ֪ͨ߱ˣλȫһλ󷨸֡սϣ󷨵Ѿ͹ԳҲҪͨ󷨴Э
ԣͨ϶ҪС
ŵڶλߺͨλ߾Ȼ֮ǳ
֮ĵ磬ǳǴӵԽȥģڳӦƸѧԺʦ˵ǻؼˡ
ǶԴ˿ЦãصӼңɲһ
ʵҲﵽ˽۷壬һλ۷ǿߣͨһǼȻԼΪǿߣ֮ͬп˵ǽ޵еġ
ԱͨǳʵŰ̩ޣսʵ
ͻƵ˽߼磬֮Уǿ϶ҲҪǰС
ϲûнΪһλߡ
˵ǴӵԽ֮磬ΪǸĶǿߣλ߿ӵһһ߳ȥġ
λ߽Ե;硣
־֪ˣǿһ۷ġ
Բ˵ˮƽܸߡ
ʵҲˣ߱ǰλȫ߱ˡ
УĵѾﵽﲻĵز԰ѻƳɵҩֱӲɼԪƳɵҩ
ߣһ統ҩƳˡ
ֲ̫
ֻ֪ҪλнѧԺѧԺĵҩˮƽһ´ξܴ֮ǰʮӽ
ȷƸҲˡ
λʦְ֮ǿȥս
ֻսϣǲܷӳļֵ
ңڵĺսҲҪǡ


1766 սϵķسʬ
սؿռ䡣
֮ͨĳ;λɸոȥ۲һս
̫ˣǸڵ棬ѾǼˡ
ضǡ
úսϵ˾˵Ѿ䵽һţÿһƽһپÿһĽһλ
һ
֮⣬ǻǣĴӪ滹žλǿ൱ڽ߼ĻԪ޼ɡ
ĻĿҪһ
ͨЩҪ磬ȫԼﶷʲô˼ǿߣкƵӣ޾Ĺֱκġ˵ǺĻֻһСӶѣСôܵɾżǿߡ
Ц
ͨĻʵмֵʲôʵС̫ˣҪһɱ
棬ﲻСӣһ嫵Ĵ󺣣ɵ㼸޾ģҸҲ
ȷһ硣ҲǵˣҸоò˶ãӦþͻƵ߼ܱ֮ĵ磬ﵽǸѾǶӦ߼ֻΪ֮ĵֻ൱һǧ磬޷ΪҵĽṩ㹻ֻǰǵ棬ֻҪС漶ɹȻȻܽΪ
⻰ǲһϲ
ѧԺٶһǾ̫òˡ
ţҲоڵ;磬ĵʵһСӣõ㹻׳ȥ󵤽ܽΪǧ硣ԵĻҪͻƵ߼ĻѶҲǺֻܴٴһ顣룬˵
νǧ磬ҲС档
ҲģȻҲѶȲ
ͨ񽥽ЩǰǷ粻еڶԪ޼ɳ֣Һԭʼӵ˳ٳٲͻƾ磬ûκƣҺһʦľ硣
˵ʦȻǺˡ
һѾǼޣŲеڶˡ
ϾٳһˣҪɰ
ʱ֪жҪΪ
޾޹˼ɵĽͻơ
ǵ˵ͷǶѧԺʦΪ϶ԽԽãʲôϵҪǶҡȻΪԺҲѾΪ׼һ㶫
˵ţһѱɫĳ
һͷһƥҰһҪǵ֡
ǻڵѽ˵һĽױԴѧԺ˵˽ҲԳ֮Ϊ磬֮٣֮ضǣʲôѶҲ󡣴˽ͨʦˣӦͨʦڷʹõƼ
ͨӹ֮ϲѡ
ȱһûбĻʵҪۿۡ
лԺмѽ˽ȻԺ˵ҵƼԺͽƼˡ˽Щªһʹƺ֮ҰѴ˽һ˽϶ԶҵƼĵȽ׶һףﵽױԴ𡣡
ǵ˵ͷѽǴ֮ǰɱһٶʮλõġ
λӵѽ񲢲ֻ֮ǰһЩһ𣬶ѽȻԵЩֲڡ
䵽ͨλ˽ȻŹâ
ʱֿ˳ͨýҲ֪ʺʲôһĽױԴս͸ˡ㲻ϲĻսǸͣҪпϵķʲôģֱȥˡ
ֱȥ
ͨԼסˡ
˰죬ǸллԺ豦ϲģҾȥ
ԲǿЦ壬Ҳûʲôѹ
гһɫСʦ棬˵涼ûȡģҲһʺĵˡ棬࣬һһǧڹѫոնһģҲһ϶Ҳˣ㿴һ¿⡣
Щݡ
һ۾ͿⵤĲڵ;Ǹ磬϶޷Ƴ˼ĵ
⣬̫ˡѵ˹

ʱȥת۾ʮꡣ
ʮ֮Уλɱ
Ǳߵ˵ֵ˼ֲζֻǿһߵ촦Ȼȫбﱻһա
ԴˣֻЦЦ˵
ֻͨͳһѽһѵʲôסսѥڼ׵Ķûͽ׵ֿϣ߽׵ûйѫȥһֻȥˡ
ɱλģͨͳ
޼ɵӪ֮ڣȻ˹ˡ
̩޾ųôˣ޼ɿ˿ˣЦЦ
޼ʦ̩޺˵ŷ޼һط
ǣ޼ɿ˿£һ£һ߾ʬ壬ҲиսʿġȻЩʬѾ˺ܾãΪǰͶнΪԵڿȻ
ֻʬѵм׸ߣˡ
һ˶
սϵһسÿսȥ彫ʿԼսĽʿϵƷԺǵʬͻᱻ͵ͳһԼսʿʬ壬ǻмĻͻǵʬ廹ǼˣĻרŵ佢ǵʬӣྦྷ֮С
޼ɵ˵ͷ֪սĲпᡣ
Щʬ壬˵Ǳྦྷ֮Уʵòྦྷȥ֮ʬ帯ɢ
Ժܶʵ֪õĲྦྷǳĿ
彫ʿʬ壬ΪǶޱȣǵʬûŴˡеͽ׵ʬ廹ãһֻܱྦྷ֮УǴﵽλϾʬ壬һ붼ᱻֱӷʬΪܴﵽλϾ壬ǵĹͷѾԱƳɱԴʬϷֽҲᱻ˷ѣеĻᱻ壬еĻᱻһЩ壬һЩȥĲŻᱻ̩˵ʱЩء
սϲΪ֪һ档
սĽʿбߵģҲ³
вΪʳֱӾͰѴߵʬʳˡ
֪ˣ˵ʲô޼Щ֡
ʱ̩£ʱ޼ʦϸǸڷسʬļһǲѧԺġôţľѧԺʦ·˵ʵسǳйʬģȡʬģҲһֻ۱һֻۡѧԺλʦֱʮһգÿ춼Ū߲ʬ壬ǰÿǧѸһŪʬ壬治İ
˵̩޿Цá
˵һѧԺʦѧԺͣڻسʬô
޼ϸǸڷس֮ļһʱһͷ
Ϊ̩˵ĲѧԺʦԴˡ


1767 ʬ
޼ȻΣȴһЩʬôôСֵġ
ʱ̩ˡ
һʬôسĿؽ˵ˣѧԺλʦʮսߵʬ峬ʮߣǰãߵʬ嶼λ񾳽µġھˣߵʬͶλ񾳽ġҪ֪ʮ꣬սҲŲǧλϾĸǲ򡣡˵̩޶Ҫˡ
һ˸Ҵӷسôʬ壬ͱץˡ
漰ѧԺûֱӶ֡
ʵϣʮǰ̩޾֪飬ʱߵʬ岢࣬һ¿طسĽ˵С֣һʬôһֻ۱һֻˣϾ˼ѧԺʦ˭뵽θôҪٲֹһ£ܰѷسա
ԣ̩ԼеԼ˵Щˡ
Сһ߾ߵʬ壬ҲǮ
˶۵ļ۸һλ񾳽ʬ۸һྦྷңһλ񾳽ʬ۸ʮྦྷңһλ񾳽ʬ۸һٲྦྷңһԲ񾳽ʬ۸ǴﵽһྦྷϾԲ񾳽壬ͷԴ챾ԴһҲﵽ˶̶ȣȻԶλʬ۸
ϸսϴߵʬֵѾһڲྦྷ
̩ﻹסȥųסˡ
̩޾ųҪôʦѡʬ壬ҪˣǸȥɡϾôʬʲôѵ㲻Ҫʲô޼ЦЦ
̩޳˼һ£˵ͷ
뿪֮󣬺ܿһƫƧĻɽϡ
ֻһУһɫǵˣȻзɳһ𣬿ʼԵмȡ
̩üǶĻҪûӦһĽױԴѧԺλʦҪʲôôѵҲ̫˰ɣ

޼ɿ̩ޣԻ·׵ġ
ſ
޼ֻǵʱһаʮλ񾳽ʬͶ뵽˵֮С
ʱ򣬷޼ɾˡ
ȻԼĲ²Ĳ࣬ʦҪЩʬ
̩޲ʲôֵȻҪʬΪϣҪô̫ˡֻ˵˵ģû˵˸ҳġѧԺλʦζذѪܵĳˡ
޼ʱ֪˵ʲô˵⻹ǳ塣
ԵķȽ϶ء
ʬ˵֮ϵشӡ˿ĶۻҡʮֻһеͷɳһٶŽɫɢŹâĵҩÿһŵҩѴСԲޱȣ滹صƣԵʮֵˡ
ʲô̩ɵˣЩǵʬأҸոʮʬġô£ǶôտҲѵʮʬһٶɫ裿
ѧԺ֮бҪһšλʦѧԺĿǰߵһλʦոǰʮλλʬͨ˵ҩ˵ţ޼ϸʮλһƳһٶʮɵ
ɵ
˵̩޾ˡ
Գ֮ǰˣ޼ɾ͸˻Գһתɵȥ֮󣬻Գƾȥ
ʱ;ɵ档
û뵽죬ȻѧԺʦĳ档
Ǳ߲ûͣͶʮλʬ壬
Сʱ֮һʮλʬƳɵõɵǧٿš
û꣬óʮԲ񾳽ʬ壬Ƴپʮɵ
ˡ
޼ɳ˼һ£ߣٸȥ
̩޵˵ͷڶԽԽˣȻǶЩǵҩ
ڶе㻳ǵҩǲܳԣ᲻ˡ
תۣսһصĵطսϵҵ֡
սսʿǽɻսƷԼҪġЩǿˣֻ˵չ۸̫ͣеսʿֲԾͿʼ˽ｻף׵˶ҲһƬ̶ĵطγɵľƷеһҵ֡
˿̵ʮʿ
֮ȫᳵ·˿ﶼ¶͵Ĺâ
ߵһûдֵĵ֮УһӾͰѽƵĵҩһֻнΪС
СϲЦտϰ壬ôô硣
ϻˣһǧٿײ൤پʮĽײ൤Ϲײ൤һһǧྦྷһѫ㣬Ľײ൤һʮྦྷһѫ˵ȻеԱߵϡ
ǣϰ塣С˵ӦȻ󺰵µĲ൤ˣײ൤Ľײ൤Уඡ
⺰Ѿע⵽˾ˣûע⵽ˣһ˵в൤ʱ۾Ź⣬ವһ¾ͳ˺üˣвԲ񾳽ģת۾ͰСΧˮйͨ
ⳡ棬̩޺ͷ޼ɶǱ׵òᡣ
ûпĻνĲ൤ӦþʬƳġ
ֻǼ۸ʵ̫ˡ
̩޹һµǧٿײ൤ȫȥһһǧྦྷһѫļ۸Ǿİٶʮ鲻ྦྷǧĹѫ㡣پʮĽײ൤ȫȥǾǧŰྦྷھǧѫ㡣һĻǾǧٶʮ鲻ྦྷǧĹѫ㡣ǵʬĻһλʬһٲྦྷʮλʬֻǧ鲻ྦྷһԲʬ۸һྦྷʮҲֻʮྦྷܹʮǧĲྦྷмǶٱİ
˵̩޶Щˡ
֪⻹ֻλʦһջѣ⻹ֻλԲôԲǲĵҩ۸ߡ
޼ҲǾþи̾գԺ벻ѡͬһ𵽵սͨͳʦĽԵ˺ü꣬ÿ컹ĵģ±Ƿ֣ɱλ񣬷һʴơʦÿֻмڹѫˣһвǧڵĹѫˡ
ʱ̩Ѿסһˣɵɵ֪ǲ൤ʲôƵôǿʬƵģܳԣȰǶˣǶ˵ж
⻰̩ס˷ǵûимǲҲ൤ģַͨǶߣȻ򵽲൤ˡҸ㣬붼Ҫ롣ײ൤һֻҪһǧ鲻ྦྷɹЧȴ൱һҺһҺǮǿҪʮĹѫ㣬൱鲻ྦྷĽײ൤һŸ൱һٽҺж˵óжսʿ˲൤ͻƾģ൤ĹЧǴĿõġ൤Чã۸ôͣʲôƳģ˭ֻҪܰͺˡ
̩ס˱˵ƿԡ
޼һ̲סЦˡ


1768 ʬ壬ûæ
սϵĽʿǸЩ൤ôƳġ
ֻҪ൤㹻˾ˡ
൱һҺЧĲ൤۸ȴֻҺ۸Ķʮ֮һֱҪ̫ˡ
ԣۿɼЩ൤һľսʿߡ
̩޺ò׼ȥĽײ൤Ѿһգֻһײ൤
ȻһţҿǱߺܶ˻ûûء޼ЦЦ
ʹһСֶΣȻ򲻵ⲻ൤Ҳ̫ˣЧûô棬һҪԡ˵ţ̩һھͰԼòײ൤̷ȥҲǲʬƵˡ
ʱϺܾʡ
оһɰͷ˳˲֫ٺ
Ǹо̫ˬˡ
ʮ̩֮޾Ͱײ൤ȫյˣЩ𾪵ײ൤̺ȷ൱һҺҺ൤һɢģ޷ȫաҲֻ˲ųɵǴԲղ˳ɣԲֻղ߳ɡλĻյӦöɡ
޼ɵ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ϾҺҺһ㶼գɢ
൤ȴһͷųôͷôʱ֮ڣղˣȻҲɢ
ÿ˵ΪԼÿĹкܴĹϵ
ˣλʹò൤ҲʹҺĶࡣ
ԣ൤ĻҲͲˡ
൤֮С˵˼仰תˡ
̩޳˼һ£β÷޼˵Լ׷ȥ
ҵ֮⣬ĳ
ʦ޼ɺλûм̩ޣǵ߾ŵľųѧԺѡսսǽ̩޾ų룬е㻰˵
̩ޣüͷԭǷ޼ʦǶһ·һΪԶءλ̩޾ųǰɣ˵ʲôֱ˵ɣҺæġ
ǲƵı飬̩ˡ
ôĻƵģڸո˵ʱչ¶һĨϢ񾳽۷ɡ
̩о壬һֱΪѧԺͷ޼һλ񾳽ʦû뵽еڶλ
ѧԺĿ£ֳһλΪԼǿߡ
ʦҪôǻط̸е㲻ʡ޼ЦЦ
˿޼ɣ֪ѧԺսĸˡ
ȻԺû˵޼ɵģǷ޼ɵӿ϶ҪģϾҶͬ¡
޼ɵӪ֮С
̩޿żɽʦ֪һֱڴǾķسʬһȥʱ򣬿طسĽϳѧԺˣ֪ѧԺҾŵˣԵһʱ֪ͨҡʱҾֻʬоҲò˶٣һֻ۱һֻۡʮ궼ȥˣӷسߵʬԽԽ࣬ϷسҪˡȥϾͳ˧Ҫ̸
üͷԭ顣
֮ǰͼǸسĿؽֶԷΪʲôԼԭ̩ǰк
ʱҲЩΣ̩Щˡ
޼ʱ̩޾ųҲˣЩʬʦĲϡȥҾһ°ѷسʬʦģ۸ϾԲǾȫ˵ļ۸ʦ
⻰̩ǳ鴤
㵱ҸղûôҰ˵ļ۸λʦתƳɵҩͷ˰ٱ
ֱǱ
޼ʦЩʬ壬չǩкͬ˵ľ͸ĵģΪˡ̩̯̯֣һĪӡ
޼ЦЦ̩޾ųôôоԷسЩʬ壬ҲûжءȻһųܰʦѹȥǾǷسϵʬҲֵ˼Ǯɡôʲôֱ˵ˣҪʲôôѧԺʲô顣
޼ô˵̩һЦ
˵ôֱӣʲô㿴ˡ
ʱ¶˱ӵĿ⣬ԭΪλųнڲء
ֱ̩֮࣬ԵȻˣҾֱ˵ˡҸոùײ൤˵ʵⲻ൤ЧõľˡмˣþʬǣҲԡϣλʦܰƳһ벻൤ǵ߾ŵսʿҲֻܱ֤õ֮һʬ塣
޼ʱû˵ǿ˿
ʵ̩ޣΪ߾ŵľų̩Ȼϣ߾ŵսʿܹɵ
˼Ƭ̣ãûκ⣬ҵĵҩ˭ϣܸҵһЩԲʬ塣ڷس˺ܾãҲֻҵһЩԲ񾳽Ĳ֫壬֫嶼ûм
⻰̩Цʦ֪ˣԲʬֵܸߣ࣬Ժٻᱻֱ׵سͱȻǿ߶ҪȥسʬˡʦҪҲԸŪһЩ۸ǴԲ񾳽ʬҪһྦྷһߣ񾳽ʬҪһڲྦྷһߣ㿴ܽܡ
˵ͷԡ
Ƶҩģ϶
̩֮޾ȥˣȻⷽġ

һ֮
̩һݺͬ˳ĹˣԺʦ㶼ȥسˣս֮һʬֱ͵סˣһһʦһö
˵ţ̩һǰʮʬ塣
߾ߴԲ񾳽ģ񾳽ġ
֮࣬һ߰ྦྷǰɣϸ㡣
̩ʱȴҡҡͷˣˣʦƳ˵ҩ͸һЩС
һԵķ޼ɿЦã͸һЩզġ
Բ񾳽岻Ƴײ൤ۼ˵ҲҪһǧྦྷһš
񾳽岻Ƴײ൤ۼ۸ǿܴﵽʮڲྦྷһš
ſھһЩײ൤ãײ൤Ļһ㶼׬رˡ
ȴǺܴȣ˵ͷԣû㣬ҸŪ񾳽ʬ塣ҰʮʬƳɵҩ֮ײ൤߿ײ൤
ʱ̩ϲ
ûæ
޼ɿˣҲû˵ʲô
˼ʬ岻Ū˺ôԺ̩ǵõʬ壬϶һʱ͵⡣
ʮ
˿ǰԼƽľƺ˷ܵˣȥͳ˧


1769 󷨱ƽ⣬֮ף
ʮӣͳ˧͹ˡ
ƽ˾ƺ󣿡һžʵ
ǵľӱƺѹĴҲƽƺİ취̳ûˡ
ƺǲǱƽˣϵսľơ
˿˵ͷϾƺͼԼõķѾɹҵ˾ƺƽⷽǲģͳ˧һ֪
˵ţ˿ʾһЩսʿ
ֻսʿȻڲþƺ
ͼ˿λˣóƺȻʲô¡
Ͼ˵ľܶһϲͨˣ򵥵ѵܲóƺ
ܿ죬ƺúˡ
ʱֻ˿Ų߽˾ƺ֮УӰϵ˸ƺ޹ɣǰǲһ
ܿ죬ҵһȻݻˡ
ţһһľȻеҵˣʱͱ¶˳
׼ͨ죺Ȼƽ˾ƺ̫ˡֻҪƽ̸֮ǵսʿǶȻԷһ˵ľʧءֱͻںսϵߣһɱ˵渹ء
⻰ݿҲЩ
ʱȴټλͳ˧ǺúһôһĿǰĻƽ˾ƺ黹ҪܣҪˣ֪µ˶׼뿪Ҳܺϵ
˿˿ԼµЩսʿǣĬĬص˵ͷ
һһ
˵ļϸ˭ȥС˵©죬ǾĹһˡ

ʲôƽ˾ƺ󣿡һλͳ˧ƺЩš
ݿɹʾƽƺḶ́ˡҪ۵γ˻֪Ѿƽ˾ƺ󣬸˵ľһһɱ˵渹ء׳ɱ⾪ˡ
ƺƽˣ˵ľӾԲһ˵ЩӣΪƺβƣʵȫŹͷͻȻһɱƨͳ˧˵ĶԣһûᣬǲҪ󣬸Ҫûһɱ˵򡣡һ˵
о˺ܾսʽʵҪɱ˵ĸأõķһӥ·֮ǰͳһΣȴʧˣһλɱһٶʮλ񡣻һȷֱ˵ɽ򣬶ɽ֮򣬴ɱȥĿ俪¾ʮ˵򡣲Ҳ˾ǿһطǶγʧܸաһǺӷǻûгĿǰҲ˷һûоƺ֣ӦѾԴͻˡָһݺսĵͼ˵
λͳ˧˼
һǼһͻƣһ
ߣѡͻơ
˿ʱͳ˧˼أ
λͳ˧ҲǿףϾսĿǰдɽ۹ģ˿Ϊɽ۹ĹҪѯףǻǲҪ㷢ˡ
ͳҵ뷨ǼȻҪսξͼеıͬʱսһͻƳɹˣǶɱ˵渹ءںսĿǰǻûк˿չ̶ȵսҾһεĻʵ̫ˣֵǹעһ
⻰˶ס
бͬʱսҪȫս
ǰһδģսҲǼˣҪȫսǾ˫еľŶսҪڡ
Ҫʾʡ˿˼һ£֣ص
λͳ˧˵ͷҲֱͬ⡣
׵ãǵ۾ͬ⣬ս׼䡣
û˵ʲôǵ۾ͬˣǾͿȫսɡ
һº
˿յ˵۾ּ⣬ͬ׵췢ȫսɱ˸ء
ת

һѧԺĳӪ֮ڡ
ĭԶѪеһӣ漴üͷ󡭡֮ףô£ѧԺںսĴͦõģĴ֮סѵҵĴˣˣȥһԺ
ǵС֮С
ԺոѪһ£ºᱻռÿ˶ΣաֻʵڿǻʲôΣգǲݴˣĭ롣
ݴˣġûв´ĻӦƽ˾ƺ̲϶ڰбսºĳͻȻսֱ渹ءһʵҲҵԤ֮Уƺܵģһʱһֻ˼ʱƽ˾ƺ󣬿ǾƺͼͲ÷й¶˳ȥ
ƺͼͲ÷й¶˳ȥ֪ҲֻиĽ;ľλͳ˧ɡĭ𾪵
ȥ÷޼ʦһ¾Щͳ˧׼Ը⹺ĻѧԺһ󷨡ֻǾڰ󷨴ڸǣҲµʱڲó룬Ͼµʱ̫ˣ껹ࡣ
ǾֻϣǱ濴顣Щε
޼õǵĴȥ˾ľλͳ˧
˵Ѿƽ˾ƺ󣿡Ⱦüͷ컹յϢһ֧ʮӱƺסȫɱԾ岻Ѿƽ˾ƺ
ǵģȻֻпܣҾþǲòǾԸɹĻѧԺоһ󷨣֤ھƺ󣬿Գ۸巢ս֮ǰܲóʱֻҪһ䣬пܴһֲڼ۸ôƺ൱޼ɵǲʲôܵɣϾ˫Ӯľ档
ߣҿѧԺ󷨰ɡʱһһƺѧԺ׬ѧԺͷԾͰǾԩͷˡ
⻰޼ɲüͷ֪λͳ˧ôƺ
ʱͳ˧
޼ɵ˵ͷѾѻˣǵ飬ǾԸ⹺ѧԺ󷨵ĻʱȥѧԺפҡ
˵꣬޼תˡ
ͳ˧ߵһƺѾǽңѧԺоһ󷨣ҿѧԺʦΣ
û˵ʲô֪ҪϴԼ󷨵ʱѧԺĵŪķзﻢ£Ųòôߵļ۸ѧԺƺȻ֤˾ƺȷʵֵǸۣǾЩͳ˧Ȼв졣
ʱһΣСΪøǿ䱸ͬʱȥǱ߲̽һ£ǲѾƽ˾ƺ󡣡


1770 ȫսѧԺ׼
˵Ļλͳ˧ǳĬˡ
ڷ޼뿪֮ȴ׷ȻûвɹѧԺ󷨣ͳ˧ĻѾȥ֮д̽ʵˡȷƽ˾ƺžܻܿῼǹѧԺ󷨡
޼ɵ˵ͷл֪֪ˡ
˵ţ˹֡
û˵ʲôԾڴ˶ѡ
ȥ֮󣬷޼ɾͰ˵ˡ
ʱͲó󷨵ģǵҲ޹ؽҪֻϣĻǰ׼Ȼ̴ĻͨʿѧԺ΢ᣬҲô࣬Ҳ
޼ɵ˵ͷ֪Щ˵ľͳ˧ûаѧԺ
ܼԼѾǸ⿪ˡ
޼ɳ˼һֵԼأ϶Ҫǰ׼һ°ɡƺˣҪʲô󷨣ԺǲѾˣ
ЦЦſڿȥͨѾˡ
޼һͨ˵ͷ
λͨʦ֪ġ
ͨͨ󷨣ĿǰѧԺˮƽߵһλʦҪˡ
ȻֻͨԺѾϸ鿴ӥ¸ĵΣԲö󷨣ܲó̫ʦǶûϰõʱϿҿˮƽʵޣֻԾƺҵƽⷽ󷨻һϲͨȻˣҲûҪô󷨣ΪεսģȽϴǷֻҪ֤󷨵ɱ㹻ˡԣҴ㲼õʮ󡣡
˵ʮʱͨɱ⡣
ǳ˼һ£˵ͷ
ʮһɱ󣬲ƺ󻹼ʧǵЧ
ʮ޷ǼǱɡ
ãǾͲʮ󣬶ʦҲϤˣҲӦ֡㲼Ҫʲôڿǵ
һǧڿ鲻ྦྷһټױԴɽʮױԴԼһĽױԴķ⣬ʮʮ϶ɣҲʮۣʱҪʮλΪʦ󷨲óʮͬʱҲܰɱƬײͨҲһ˵һѵ
ⶼ󣬲Ҫôģ󷨣϶Ҫ߾ϡ߷޼ʦʦͨʦʦԷֱһۣҴȫ߾ŵλѧԺҲͲٴѧԺˡǻ
ͨ룬û⡣
Ͼʮü򵥣۵ҪҲߡ
ѧԺôҲǹڵ߾ţѧԺ⣬ôҲҪ߾ŵ˺ȵɡ
ͨͿʼʮȻǾܵģûиκˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ǳȥ˵˽
ͳ˧Ǳ߻оƺӦòûƽƺսϵ壬ÿƺȻ޻֮Ҳ֪ƽƺ󡣡һӵ˵ڡ
Ǻͳ˧ɹȥ̽ˡ
ƺʮûͼͲ÷ĻھԲƽ⣬̫СˡһһǷƽƺļ󣬵һʱ֪ͨҡͳ˧ȻӰһ뿪ˡ
ںͳ˧뿪֮ҲҴ뿪ˡ
ֻǶûз֣֮ͳ˧׳Ǹո˵ĵط
׿˿˾ķһЦû뵽ڻǲƽ˾ƺ󣬻һۣھƺƽĵһʱͷϢȻҲ˰֯Ǽһǰ˵̽Ǳ˹˵֪Ϣģ˾㲻еһλͳ˧ҲһλȽϵƵķ񽫡һ̰ļһһϢִﻻһڽҺһӮˣٸ㼸ڽҺʲô
޼ɵӪſڣ̩޴ˡ
ֻǿҪȥʱ̩ȴЩģͷ֪ϴ޼һڵĹѫ㣬ܲѧԺǵ߾źһ£öԹԵĸϡ޼ɵʵҲȻ磬һδĶ֡ǲϣֱӰҲˣǣҲȲǡ
˶ɫһݡ
޼ɺһսӰǶ뻹̲סЩ
ʵʵ̫£ǵľųǶ֡
̩޿Щ֪ǻǰԼĻ˽ȥ
Ӫʣ̩޿ŷ޼ɣЦ޼ʦҸ֮£λֱǵ߾Ѫ񽫣ʯͿ񽫣񽫣ʯΤ񽫣ɽ񽫡λ񽫶սս꣬϶ļϸʲôҪϵģܿڡ
λ񽫿ŷ޼ɣʵʵĹ˹֡
޼ɵ˵ͷ֮ǰҲλ񽫣ҲˡȻˣҲĨˡѧԺѾƽ˾ƺ󣬻˵һƽƺġʱûǰ÷ƺ󲻵ǵǵķĹΪ˱ѧԺھƺֲ֮һ󣬳֮Ϊʮһƽ˾ƺ󣬳ӥ·ɱʮѧԺҲǵ߾ŵ·
λ񽫶һΪԼˡ
ѧԺȻ¾ƺƽˣӵ˵ˣûһʱԲ
ǲ̫Σˡ
ԣλ񽫵ĵһоǲš
޼Ҳ뷨Ųţǰ׼ûб޻ΪʮʮȫҪ񾳽ǿѧԺѾλʦռĸۣ۾һ񽫻Գ򡣴쿪ʼѧԺͨʦ˲ʮÿ˶Ҫ˭߸Ұй¶ȥʱҲ
˵󣬷޼ɲԾشһЩвĿǡ
̩޵Ǳ֤ģ޼ʦ˭ҪǲֱӰǿ߾š
޼ɵ˵ͷ̩ųڣ˲úõѧϰ󷨡
뿪֮񽫵һͱԹųѧԺλ޼ʦǲǳԱû¸еġ˵ƽⲻ˾ƺϹĸʲô
̩޸ɿһ£ѵѧѧôʲôòһõĵ
⻰Щ
ʵ̩޶δѾƽ˾ƺ󣬸˵ܻº󷢶ȫսˡ
ʱ֤ѧԺǶԵģѧԺĻ


1771 ս㳲
ڶ죬Ѫ񽫣ʯͿ񽫣񽫣ʯΤ񽫣ɽȫˡ
ԳȻҲˣѧԺõ˴ôѧԺЩäĿˡ
ѧԺ˵Ҫȫս˲ţȴŲɡ
ԳѧԺһʦ϶ϤҪ󷨵ͨʦʲôͷΪΣû񾳽ΪȸһѧԺѧϰʲôʮǿһŭءܲ˵
Գһ۾һתͨʦȻҲ񾳽磬ʵҶ磬һҽǺݺݵذʹһ١ҵĶ֣϶λ񽫵Ķ֡ʱǱˣô˵飬϶Ҳ˼˵ȥҲǰᡣ
λ񽫻࿴˿ζĵ˵ͷ
ܿ죬ͨץƼˡ
ʱʾһ£˲ȥ
񽫴Ϳ˦ĴͭغΤǵսȭ
λĿҪͨʰˡ
ͨüͷץƼˣ־һն˹ȥ
ֻһգƲɵ˲ŵ֮оͰǵı䣬Ҳ˳ȥ
ԳʱͨǰָԴǵʲô첻ɣȻҶͨʦ֡ͨʦΪʵȻǵĵߣǵţһԭԭųþų֪ôѧϰ󷨵ġǸͨʦûб˵
ͨҡҡͷ˵Զ
˱ͨһԳĻԳȫֱ
Գ쵰˵ʲôͨʦʵ磬ں˵˵ֻǸոһǰ벽̩޾ųһܽ£ûв´ĻѧԺλͨʦʵλ޼ʦӦ޼ţҲǰ𾪡
񾳽Ϊʵȴ
һѾսϵ漣ˣ⾹Ȼֳһͬһط
ǰôѧԺѧԺ֮ĵͷ߶ѣ˿ҲҪһԼһͷӵеĵô
һѣһӵʵѡ
֮⣬λҲ֪ǱԳˣˣ˿Ҳֱ
һξˣ´ҾǲɱǣǴǣǵ廹ġͨ˵š
˲һҪǱǻˣǵҲ͵ͷˣȾǵԲ´ΣҪ֪ͨʦʵٸʮӣҲҳְ
λҲǷ׷׿ڣʾ´Ρ
ͨҲû˵ʲôֱɣһοʮΪʱޣǳÿһСʱϢʱ䣬ʱ䶼Ҫѧϰ⣬Ϊܣκ˲ö͸¶Ѿ̩޾ų˵ڱչأҲ¶ˡ
˴˿̶һȻᶨص˵ͷ
ʱĺܿ졣
µʱת˲ţڼѧԺѧʦǶڻսһ̶ҵ顣
ˣȻʮֻ˽˾ţһëʮĻǿҲǹˡһʱ䣬Ǿ͵ʲôûзøʲôʲôһֵʱԼԵľӸӥӭսͨ˵
ʱ䣬ҲѾʦǰʮϡ
󸲸ǷԲʮڹӥ¶С󷨵ʮױԴΪټʮλԵʮ塣˿ʮ󻹴ݷ״̬ûбķȫսĻʮ˲ܻΪһһеĺľޡ
ͨĻɴ⡣
ÿѧϰ֮ԴκģȥǶҪˡ
Զ֮󣬲ⱧԹ
۰治˹ӡҼǵ֮ǰѧϰƺʱǿʱ䡣
ͨܵҲ̫ˣһ˭ǷʮڹѫƵġ
ҿѧԺλͨʦһ񾭲ôӵѧᣬ治֪ôġѵ֮󷢶սɣߣҪ⼸ˣԺҹе޺޵˵
ҲЦûе¡
֮
˾ĵģееԼսƷеںȾ֡
Ȼ
֮У񽢴彮˹
ڵһľ˿̶ǴʧɫôɱŶ㳲˰ɡ
ȫս巢ȫսһĺŽƴشͬһʱĺŽѸٴ˾еľš
οռ䡣
ͳ˧ɫ䣺ӭս֪ͨ׼ӭս
һ񽢣̲ס˷޼ɵĻ˧ģɱҾѾҵ˾ƺƽⷽӦ֪ͨŲҪʹþƺ󣬲Ȼ䲻֮£ܻɾ޴
ͳ˧üͷƽ˾ƺ󲻳ɡ
ŵλǱ֮̽ǰ˵廹ûҵ֮Ŷѵҵˡ
ʱЦ㣬ҿˡԲҵƺƽⷽҾӦԾƺʼ޲ߣֲ˱ԾͷȫսԴ˴ͻƿڡϾǲõľƺޣûиսֻҪһûбƺֵĵطͻˣֱܳ룬ɱ渹ء
ͳ˧˼һ£ĻҲЩ
ܿıƼˣԲŷȫս
˵ƺûбƽ⣬Ȼƾ󷨣سһ塣
λͳ˧ҲǳĬˣ֪ξϣھͷƺƣûƽƺ󣬵ʱʧ˭
˧㻹˵䣬ͳ˧
ʱȹ۲һ£ƺ󡣡ͳ˧
ս߾С
Ѫ񽫣ʯͿ񽫣񽫣ʯΤ񽫣ɽҲõϢ
˿񽫺ΣҲЦЦ
ǰ˵ʲôţҪ⼸ˣԺ˭еš
̩޵ӰʱˣΣڣʮ㳲ҪǾһսƽ˾ƺǵһʱԵľǰӥ£ȻһװУսˣֱʮ󡣡
̩޵Ļ֣صĵ˵ͷ


1772 սݣ
ʱһһĹȥ
ľλͳ˧ڵȣѧԺҲڵȡ
˶ڵһϢȾƺǲǱƽϢ

ۿŻҵսԷȫˣһս׼꣬Ϊ踺أϧĿǧսʿȥװһжֵõģһսǱضɱ渹ء
սʿǣɣЩͼ
׵ʮڵսʿɱȥ
һʱ䣬졣
ˣʮžš
ųźѹѹһ壬еʮžŵĽսʿǵԵλϲٿؾƺҪЩȫɱ
ǣ
һһλصȻѸٷɻ˸Եľӡ
ǰճѵһٿؾƺһжԵɡ
ǵˣ֪ǰǾƺ󣬿ûκεԥͳ˽ȥ
ʮžŵĽǿȫ󷨣ѽеɱ
Ǻܿ죬Ǿͷ˲ԡ
֮󣬵һʱͷɢһǿսʿûзӦͱսʿնɱˡ
һεʮžŵսʿҲ¶˳
ǿŻ֮еսʿԥľɱȥ
ô£Ǹû󷨣һҵ˾ƺģǿ϶о˾ƺƽ֮ҪҪϢһʮžŵĽ˿ҲЩ׷ϵ

˧սʮλųͬϢ塭ҵ˾ƺƽ֮һӲĳ˹ǲõľƺѾʧȥãǵսʿ֪ЩŶԷɱһֲʧءеľŷӦ˾ƺ󣬿ǲִ֮޷ӭУǼǱһߵ¾
˧⻰һ
λͳ˧Ҳɫѿһ
սʮžűͻƣų֧Ԯ
սʮľűͻƣųӵ˹Ԯ
սھʮűͻƣų˹֧Ԯ

һžȻʮһųԮսܲǾĵġ
˧ҧҧòϵʧˣƽ˾ƺǷȫսǹǽбҳҵжϳʧ˲ԭµʧºһȥְ֮ܲǰҪֹ֣һɱ뵽ǵ渹ء㣬һŵλͼҡ
ǡӦʮ֮ͰŵλŪˡ
עλõսͼ˧üͷȻǵķ߳ɱģǿӵƶһΪɣɴʮڵһֱֱӥµķɴжʮڵһֱֱȷɴʮһֱֱǺӷĿѾǲԶˣǾͻƣɱ渹ء
⻰˶һ
֮࣬ҲǶԺλ˧֣û뵽ʱ򣬺˧ûţĿġ
϶㡣ʵҲԣ࣬ǲܾôƽ̹սȥǴʼյĿľɱ渹ȥͷ
ڸô죿̲סʵ
һһţĿǰŵǵһʮţڶʮţʮšڵĻֻȰѵڶߵʮųһȥ˧
˶֪һѾ֧Ųסˡ
Ϊ˲ȥѵڶ߳һߣΪĻǰڵһ֮⡣
ҪʧˣǴŵڶҲûˣֱӾͻɱߡ
һľſٳ
֮У׿˾ӵĶһЦǺһ֪ģû뵽ǰжʧ󣬴˿̻ô춴ǵͼ׼꣬ɲֻ׼ϷŸոտʼһսǱȻɱ˵渹ء
λͳ˧ҲǼᶨص˵ͷһսǶʮ㡣
߾Ϊֹ
̩΢еʧ㣬֮ǰսˣʮ
˭֪װг˵ʱȴԽԽ࣬峯ӥ»۶ʼһŵת۾ʹﵽŵ⻹ӡ
ǿɾڵ尡
ܰЩ嶼뵽ʮ֮У̩޾þ㹻ˡ
˭֪ʱҪӥͻƵϢܱߵ߸Ŷ۵ӥ£ĵ߾ű棬Ҳ˲ˡ
кż֪иԾɱĴȴֻܸɿš
Ҳڴʱյ˷޼ɵĴӥ·۶ԹﵽʮڡѧԺϣ̩޾ųټһ£ȫ۹֮취ȫ뵽ʮ֮С
̩⴫˶±ˡ
ʮȫ뵽ʮѧԺθδҲ̫ˡ
׳٣ĵ߾ſɾͳˣǿʷһս
ãԡ
̩޴ص߾ŵսʿɱ
СʱȥսǱѪɫ
˾µϢ
ĿǰΪֹ˾˵սʿսʮڣڶ㡣
˶ǳĬˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôԭɵġ
ĿǰоѾȫ۵ȡӥԼǺ򣬲Ϊǰ˵ڶߵľŹȥ֧Ԯʱ赲סĽŲǾùȥĻǻǰһò˱һȻ˲أֻҪ赲ס渹أһҲ޿ء
һڵսʿһս˽֮һҵ˧Щأ׼ôãֶֻεģ϶ʲôҲ֪ġ
λͳ˧⻰Ҳüͷ
ѵ廹ʲôƲɡ
֮У׿ֵסսʿǣһ˾ЩǲΪɹֹǵ֣ǾڸһĶɡ
˿˵ͷһӡ
ʱֻճһѷ죬һҵ񽢴з˳Ȼֱ·ֱȡӥºǺ
ͬһʱ䣬˾ҲõϢˡ
˧塭ʮڡһϢսʿ
⻰˧ɫ䣺Ķʮսʿãʮսʿ룬еڶߵʮ֧Ԯһ߿϶Ҳزסˡ
ȻƬ̾ʹϢ
ȷ򣬵һݣھžųʮųʮ߾ųս


1773 ɱ
˧⻰һҾ֪廹ֶΣֻû뵽Ȼ˶ʮڵսʿĻǶƾûôԣϾǵսʿƽʵҪ塣ǵڶߵʮѾһȥڶѾ൱ڲڡ˵һ϶һ·ֱϣ̶ǵĵߣǵĵߣֻʮš
˵λͳ˧Ҳء
ʮڣһʮڵ塣
һţսʿҲһһʮڡ
ʮڶһһʮڣѾռ˾ơ
Ͼսʿսʿһңһսʿ߾Ҫ
һһʮڵսʿʮڵսʿѾǿοʮڡ
ʱ뿪ڵǾǰܲܲҲ޷žŹʱϸΨһƾоλͳ˧ֻλһλͳ˧ԵֵһţһŸáʱǱ֣ǱԴǣҲҪ֡
˧˵ͷ
λͳ˧оλҪСǱλͳ˧
߸߸ȫԿճλͳ˧λͳ˧Ͷˡ
ñλͳ˧ԶһŵľųͽնףֻҪһ񾳽ľųͽȫɱҲͷһ롣
˧ͻȷ֮ȷڵѾԭڶλáǼĻСʱͻǵĵ߽г⣬ӥ·ǺӷҲͻơһϢսʿٵ
ٶ̫ˣüλͳ˧ЩԾ
˧֪ٵˣϵʮȵķоѻȷ֮˸أһǸĵɽһʧӥºǺӷ˸ųǼأսף
⻰˶һ
ս
ɶ˼κεԮô
㵱ǵ˧ӥ·Ǻӷ򣿡
˧һһɬʮڵڣǸزסֻסһǿ϶ҪҪȷ򡣲ȻɽĿʮҪ¾ӥ·Ǻӷ˽ıԵشǴͻƣɵʧһҲȲȷֻˣȡᡣǷģסȷ֮ҶȻ֧ԮӥºǺӷ򡣡
⻰˳Ĭˡ
ʮڵ壬߾Եס
ǴͬʱͻƣʱȻҪȼеˣҪȷס
ǡ
λͳ˧ӦȻͬʱȷ
ѾӦλͳ˧ϢԷѾ
ӥ·
ۼ˵һʮĸų߸Ǵӵڶϳġʮڣڵűӥ·
һӥ·Ͷıʮڡ
߶ʮĸţֻжʮڡ
ʮڶԶʮڣ˵Ѿռ˾ԵơΪǰĻҪסʮڵ壬ҲҪʮڵսʿС
ӥ·᧿Σ
̩޴˿̽ҧɱˡ
ֻСʱսĵ߾ųսǧˡ
ĶʮҲòȥۼսսʿﵽ˾֮ࡣ
ǱߣʮսʿҲԱڶࡣ
ʮڶսʿ
ʱһ̩޾ųˣʮ󡣡
̩һ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ʱֻǵ߾һ˺˿϶Уų
֮ǰѾϵ˸ŵľų˳׼
Щųյ֮󣬴˿̾ɣҲûа취ˣΪԽԽˣսȥǾֻȫû
ѡ̩ޣϣ漣
ųͷϱŵսʿǾѾĺ޻֮⳷˵ĲҪ̫졣
ת˲ŵսʿǾ糱ˮһ㳯źȥ
Ǳ߿Ǵϲѡ
սʿˣǽͿԳֱ룬ɱ渹أȷҪ졣
һʱ䣬ϢҲ˾߲㡣
Ϊ֮𾪡
漴ʮڶ磬Ҫսʿնɱ
ˣ񽫣Ϳ񽫣񽫣ʯΤ񽫣񽫣Գ񽫣λѧԺʦҵʱ׼ʮ󡣱ҲõʮҲܵʮ壬ֻû뵽徹Ȼжʮ֮࣬Ѿȥڶ壬ڻʮڶ㡣˿սĺܳһ󷨣Ҳܰʮڶȫ󷨣ʮڿ϶еģʮҲһ顣Եʱÿ˶Ҫ𣬶Ҫмһ뿪λãȻǱ幥һۣʮͷһ롣ͨ˵
⻰ѧԺλ󷨵ʦҲɫϾ
ʮ̫ؼˣԲʧ
ǻ֪ԼѾ뵽֮Уĳǰȥ
ͨʶĵսѸսʿ󷨣ⲻܼ
Сʱ֮ͨȻڣڣһ󷨣
⻰һʮͬʱ
һʮڹս˲γɣʮڶ屻󷨡
˿ûб󷨵սʿ±ˣ㲻ʲô
֮УһУˣһս֮ѧԺؽΪսϴһĴڡ


1774 սۺڣ
ͨ󷨳ɹҲ𵴡
ڷ磬Բȥó˾صĳΪ綼ûôɼǿ߸ɱ
棬ǿֻ֮еʮڶսʿʮǽΪ
УĻԪ޽ɶһǧʮˡ
䲻˵һǧʮ˶з֮еʥΪҲ൱նȥһʬĴ޽ɡ
ʵ֮ͨԼܽġ
νʵЩʥ̫࣬Щ񾳽ĲֻǿնȥһʬĴ޽ɣʵ΢ǿһĺñȻԳģҲ൱նȥʬĴ޽ɡ̩İ벽ǿնȥʬĴ޽ɡ
ͬնȥʬ磬ЩʥȵҲ֮١
ͨջ˼֮лҵ壬ɱ
ʮ֮е󣬿νʮ֮һ󷨡˿ֻ󷨣֮һ֮¾һսʿΪ촷ۡ
񽫣Ϳ񽫣񽫣ʯΤ񽫣񽫣ԳԼѧԺλʦͨʼɱУҲҵ׷Ÿ󷨣ϻ֮ʮ廯ΪѪˮ
ɱзʽþ˶Щ𺳡
ͬһʱ䣬λµѪʯʯɽԼѧԺһʦʼһ󷨵սʿ뿪󷨣һ߶սʿɱ֪İȫ·ߣشӰ죬ˮһջķᡣ
ʮ֮⣬˿̶˵ӡ
Ѿʶʮڶһ뵽ĳ󷨣ƺӰٴӿͷ̲סɪɪ󷨾һһϻҲɵ
̩޵ȾųǴϲʮڶһӾͱʮȥʮڶ࣬ʣµ廹˵ӣ˿ʮڵսʿòսʿǾĿԳʺȥˡ
սʿǣʮڶʮѾǱɣдսʿԲǶʮĸֵĶ֡һս˿ܶΪӥ·ȻزסǽҪһ漣ǲҪסӥ£Ҫӥ·Ͼɱˣɱ
⻰ųҲǸߺ
ʱʮսʿ磬ѸٰսʿΧסǽɱ
ƺܴԼսʿʿ£ҲڲϵСһڵʱսʿҲһǧѡ
ͬһʱ䣬ȷ
һͶʮڵı߰ѵߵʮȫ֮ۼͶıҲﵽʮڡΪʼʱ˾սԳ⣬ûǰԤ⵽ƽ˾ƺ󣬵ʮڵսʿսȷռʮڡ
ȷսʿʮڣսʿʮڡ
Ϊս߱ĺܳжʮڵսʿǣڵһߺ͵ڶߣĿǰڵϵսʿڡҲòȥڵϵսʿҲʮڣжǴӵһߺ͵ڶ߸Ϲġ
˵ܴ
ϾսʮڵսʿкܴƵġ
оλͳ˧λ
˿̾λͳ˧֣ҪڵߣһʱҲͻƵ
˧˿ǰףһսմѪת㻹пģ˸ǣסλͳ˧Ǹȫɱĸųͽ
Ϳĵ˵ͷǳš
׿һĻȴЦӥ·ѾսʿͻƣǺӷҲˣȷҲزסҪνˣһսǶȻɱ渹ءλͳ˧ɱ
˵ţλͳ˧ͬʱ֡
ת˲췭ظձ飬汾ԴǱˡ
սҵȻҪ׺ͺۣ˿˵˫ʵǿģ˿̾ȻĲʤ
սһӣȻ汾Դһ˵ľͳ˧Ҫǣ֮ȥ
̹Ƥ˹أ˧ʱɫһ䣬û뵽ôǾ˱汾ԴҪǣӡһͱ߶԰ˣͳ˧Ҳֻһˡ
̹Ƥ˹ҧҧŲϳ汾ԴЩʵǸѾˡҸոǲ˿Ѿɱˡ
˵ٴ߶ȴǷԼѾ汾Դˡ
˧˵ͷû̹Ƥ˹أǸʱ򣬿϶ҲҪȫ
ֻǽǾ͸ˡ
̹Ƥ˹ص屻汾Դǣ֮£ܿʧ
սڼ
һͳ˧Էٴγ߶ߣȻ󿭴ļɱľųͽ
ѾԽԽԣۿŵ߾Ҫͻơ
ɫ֮࣬ǰΪԼסߣڿҲЩ뵱Ȼˡ
ȷĵ߱ͻƣֱ
ǾʱһȻ
սӥ·סˡһúۺ׶̲ס֣ͣԶˡ
Ͼոյս˵ӥ·ͻˡ
˧ȼһĨϣ˵ô¡
˴˿ҲͨսʹߣʱֻΪӥ·ͻƣû뵽ȴѧԺʹļƲߣǹŽǰµս֮Ϊʮ󡣽ȻУʮڶսʿʮڶ󷨣Ѿɱ˰֮࣬ʣµ֮Ҳǿ֮ĩһСʱȻᱻȫɱûн󷨵ڶսʿҲҷʮĸΧɱȫû
⻰׵˶ʱɫ䡣
Ǵϲѣѯʵӥ·ǻжսʿ
ʹ߳˼һµŻʮ֮ࡣ
ã̫ˡ˧̲סֻ֪Ҫʮڵսʿȷа˳ɵĿס뵽һжѧԺĹͣЩڡ
ǵѧԺĻǰ󷨣ʮ󣬴˿صĿɾˡ


1775 սͻƷߣ
漴˧˿̼ӥ·ĸųٶȽսȻǰȵ֧Ԯȷϵشһܱͻơ⣬һѧԺĸλʦϣܲǰӣҲӥս֧֮Ԯ
⻰˶ɫһ䡣
ӥ·ĶʮĸŹ֧Ԯûκ⡣ǵѧԺʦ֧ԮһѧԺԭԼ˼ǰѧԺŵһܸߵλϡ
λͳ˧ҲǱˣܿ˺˧뷨
ѧԺɱʮڶ壬ǧһ֮ƾһ֮סӥ£ѧԺԺںսӵмߵ෴ûеһʱѧԺʮ󣬿϶òٵսʿԹԣвپųͽΪǾͳ˧ʧ󣬵µսʿ
ʹ֮ӰһȥѶ
˧ʱһλ˵սʿǣߴһϢӥ·סˡֻҪټһ£ӥ·ĶʮĸţƳʮڵսʿͻ֧Ԯʱǵ֮࣬ȷȻ̩ɽ
Ļȥ౾սʿʱޱȡ
ԭǲǹ¾սǻԮ
һʱ䣬Ҳ˽⵽ӥ·
ֱϢȻģӥ·Ķʮսʿȫû
ӥ·ͻʧܣҰܣ
˿üͷ֮ǰûаѧԺ£ֻòŴ˾ƺ󣬿ڿԲ˿ӥµʮ֤Щ˾ûȫѾƺʮ󣬲ȻǴս˶ʮսʿҲ˲ء
λͳ˧Ҳͬеĵ˵ͷ̲סһ¡
ѧԺҲμס
֪ʱ䲻ٵȣȵսʿǣӥ·սʿܹ֧ԮҲҪСʱʱ䡣Сʱ㹻ͻ˵ķˡɱȥɱ˸أ
˵ţսʿǸŴ
ɱ˸أ⼸ÿһսʿǵ룬ھͲһˡ
սΪǵ棡
˧ֻһ仰һǻű֮ġ
˿ΨսȻսʿǿ϶Сʱֲסͻᱻͻơ
ս
սʿҲǴıǵʱūʲô
һʱ䣬˫սʿٴɱһ顣
ʱһһӵĹȥ
Ȼһȴ
ȥ
ֻһλͳ˧һն˵ͳ˧
񲻵Уֻܱȫ϶ᱻǣӣĻֻһλͳ˧
ɾʱԱߵͳ˧㣡
Ťͷһս˿ֱӵǰҪΪסһ
һϲҲ˾衣
˿ԮЦзɳȥһԲԲ֮зһɫâֱȥûзӦƵģͱɫâ˳ȥʱǱҪסһֱ䵽˺޷ķϡ
ͣ
һ̶ֻĽױԴڼױնƣͬʱһֱ֮Уն롣
񣡡
ʱͷȥ
λͳ˧ҲǴʧɫԵĸо˴ӷ֮ɢ

ŭеսױˣ׽زסѲ
ǱߣϳʹͲʣǺܿͷӦ˹ҵ٣ѾǱɣҾҲЩǺùġǼ
˵ţȫɢ
ɢ貵İ׹⣬Ȼһһ˻ɱλͳ˧Է󾪲ѣֻʵľǶ㿪ڹǷû׷ȥǺһӳ֮УȻǱըƵģǧ򿿽սʿΪ˷ɻҡ
񣡡
˧ŭ֪Ƿһ
Ͼ٣ɢǱɡ
ʱ϶ҲףڶԷ£Լһλͳ˧Ტܣѡ˳뵽֮Уǧսʿ
ˣϢʧ档
ս⻹ǵһλս
˴˿̻Щţ˵ˣսĻҪпᡣ
սûнڼ
ڷȥ˲䣬ɱųͽĿĺȻΪһߴӺһ̴Ǹ˵ͳ˧
ʵѾ˺ܾãһѡʱҲǡǡպá
ڶķ˹
˿ʱ󾪣һƾͳſĺ˹ȥ
һʱһ̴ڶķ˹Ҳһŵֻ㿪
ֱ뿪ʮڹĵӰٴ۳ȻĿһͳ˧
ϧˡ˧һĻ̾һռӰرóɱ͵ϮոҲǲִٳ֣Բûһ̴ڶķ˹Ҳشڶķ˹壬ڶķ˹ʵ
ɱ׺˿һۣͬʱ֡
Ѿȥʮӣץˡ
תۼһȺٴսһš
˵λͳ˧ȫλͳ˧ǣƣڶķ˹ʵ𣬿һʱֻҪɱڶŬ˹Ҳڲһλͳ˧
һλͳ˧ȥɱľųͽսһߵľơ
߻ǿ֧֣ѾͻƵߵơ
ʮ֮
ԱѾ룬ֻʣڶˣߵȴڶࡣ
ʱƸˣѹʵġ
λͳ˧Ǳߣ˧κβףڶķ˹Ȼʵ𣬿˵ͳ˧潻֣˵ͳ˧ֱ
ãҪͻƵˡ
˧Ѿսʿ˵򣬳˸ء
ʱҲע⵽ˣɹˡ
˿Ҳ˷ޱȣ̫ˣҪɱ˸ˡ
ֻǾʱ֮һ
˻ûзӦֻڶķ˹һҽУѾ촦
ʱ޲ɫ䡣


1776 ѧԺԮʽת
ۿȥеȻԶ
ܿڶķ˹һ˲䱻˷飬Ҳһ˲ֱ
ڶķ˹ս
ʱɱŬķ˹⿴ȥǾȻһɫķɽɽ˿֮У֮е˿ƺֻҪ˿Ҷɽͻ˲ȡ˿
˵ļλǴϲѣ֪ת
ڴʱһ翵Զ쿪سϷ̨ͽ٣ιšѧԺѧʦͨǰ󣡡
ѭȥֻһӰԶ˸͵ǰ
ͨ
˵ļλͳ˧֣֪ʮͨõģ˿ǹ˹֡
ļλͳ˧ЩãȻ
˵ʵǸ֪ͨˣѧԺǻ֪ġ
ͨһУƼ䵽У漴˵λͳ˧ٶȿһЩȵˣ˸ŵսʿԼѧԺĸλʦ½Ϲӣ϶ȫ
˧⻰̲סм
ƺ֤ͨĻӰƿն
ѧԺ޼ɣ
ѧԺ
ѧԺ˴ۣ
˿˿ͨ΢΢˵ͷ
˿̴ϲ˧޼ʦս̩޾ų˵ͨʦҲս˵Ļ൱оŸԷֻλѹƶԷıսˡ
޼⻰ȴѧԺʦͺʦҲ
һ˷ܵǾ͸ˣǵƻ󡣡
˧ȴЩţʱҲڵˣΪǱѾԽԽսʿͻƵߣֻһвʮˣлλѧԺʦܵһʱǰ֧ԮȻλͳ˧ǣסԷλͳ˧λѧԺʦǣǵǰһߣסͻƷߵ塣
޼ɳ˼һ£뼸λʦ࿴һۣĬĬ˵ͷ
˵ţ˶Ѹһߡ
ͬʱ˧Ҳλͳ˧סˣΪߴԵľɶˡ
ǵļλͳ˧ʱЩѾͻֻϣսʿܼƷߡ
޼ɵķãͻƵǣ׷ױնɱת۾ʮ屻ɱ
ļλųҲע⵽оŸųֳ޼ɵķߣһȱڡһ֮£ʧ˲˵Ÿųնɱ˶һҪ֪Щųʵɲô˵Ҳǰ벽ȴǱѧԺʦ赭дĸնɱˣ˵ѧԺλʦʵǿʡ
˧̲סޱȣѧԺλʦȻսǹɵķ߾һߣеסˡǽֻҪԮ½ȷҲͳˡ
弸λͳ˧֪鲻ֶξҲûıڵľ档
ȻԶռǿҵ𶯡
˶֪˵Ԯˡ
ų͸ĽǰһʮڶԮǵضʱҲսʿ˵ӡ
һʱ䣬׾Ǵȵˣ
ʱ˿϶ˣ˵ʮսʿսǽǲ޷ͻƣһ˵Χɱ
ʱսʿ׷׺󳷡
˿̾һ֪ȷͻʧˣһսʿѾɱ˸أֻϣЩսʿܰ˸ؽ췭ظ
סͳ˧ô뿪ʱһȴͨǾλͳ˧ѧԺλսʦ˵λͳ˧ȫ£λġһսһʧأ˿նɱļλͳ˧ǿֲһʧ
⻰˧˵ͷЩͽսʿӾˣλͳ˧λϡǸŮͳ˧ɽ۹Ĺɱܲ϶вٽ
ȼλͳ˧۾һ֡
޼ɵ˰ѷ߽֧Ԯ˾ųУҲλͳ˧ɱȥ
ѧԺļλʦ֮׷ǾȻȫãԽԽΣա
ͻȻ˿ɣ𣡡
׿ȥɣΧֻ֮ô߶ȫ
ʱ汾ԴҪǣɣ֮С
ߣŶûУ
ֻһɣ𱻺һ룬汾Դǣ֮ܵɣϢʧҲʧˡ
תۣλͳ˧һλ
̫ˡ
㼤ޱȣնɱһλͳ˧ǵƸ󣬶һսսȥҲˡ

˧ȴô⣬ǼѧԺλʦʵ֮ϣܰļλͳ˧ȫ¡
ͨ˶ǵ˵ͷսӿ
ֻʱս
˧ǺӡǺӷͻˡ
˶ʱһȻɫ䡣


1777 ʮ壬룡
սȵĺ˧ˣ˿ҲȻ
ˣǺӷ
ͻƣȷҪΪȷӵɽȷǱ幥ݣȷΪ壬Ŀռ˽пܡӥ·ͨǵڵһƬȻλòȷôҪһƣɵʧҲСǺӷͨǽӥ·ҪƫƧıԵȻҲкܶ򣬲Ϊ̶󣬱ͻƺɵʧСܶࡣ
Ⲣ˵ǺӷҪˣǺӱͻͬʽ˸ء
ʱǾǺսʧְ
Եһʱ䣬˧ǵΧɱͳ˧ȻҪסǺӷҪǺӷǱͻƣǰʣµλͳ˧ȫɱһսǰˡڣ㡢ԼѧԺλʦǰǺӷԮذ˸ڡʣµλͳ˧ȫǣסλͳ˧ɱǣֻ޷ȥǺӷ֧Ԯ
޼ɵѧԺλʦ࿴˿˵ͷ
ͿӰһͳǺӷȥ
׿תһסǣ˵ͳ˧ѧԺλʦǣסǳԮĻᡣȷȻѾ޷ͻƣǺӷĻᡣ
˵˿ֶξ
ʱ˾ͱǣסˣ޷뿪
ڵһʱ׵λͳ˧ҲˣǵİͨȰλͳ˧ֱǺӷ򡣸ţͷ޼Ҳλͳ˧Ǻ˴ֻۡǿʼ޷ѣҪ˿һطεزס
׿޼ɵѾӰҲǿûʧ֮״Цۣ˵̫ˣǺӷɲȫϹȥҲҪСʱʱ䣬Ǻӷͻ֮ΪǵĵѾˣǵʮڴֻҪһӾܽǸءԣνľԮֻͽ޹
˧ʱɫҲʶ⡣
ԮҪȥģȥ˻һϣȥһϣûС
˵ĴǺӷͻƣҲҪסǺӷڣֹǺӷ˸ء
˵ļλͳ˧Ҳء
ĴǺӷ˸أʱһս˰ˣЩͳ˧϶ҪܾĴ
ˣʱ˸ؿ϶Ѫɺӣʧء
˿̵Ǻӷ򣬶ʮսʿսʮսʿͻ˷ߣֱ˸ضȥ
ǰѾûκε赲һֱǰ˿ɵ
ɱ˸أѪϴ棡
ɱ
ɽ۹࣡
糱ˮһӿѹѹһƬ
Զ౻ɢսʿѾ˵ǰ
һ巢ϳ֮ɫ
Ǿˣ֪սʿ˸ػᷢʲôʱ֪жٵ
Ѿ죬ƾǵѾ޷һС
ޱޱȵⶼǵĴ
ˣǰǺӷĳˣȥ˸ɽ򡣾֪ɽ˽ԵشеҲҪΪλܰɽ׼ˣһĿ񾳽սʿ磬һսʿ񾳽硣ųؼޱȡ
⻹ֻһ򣬶һǴ˽Եһܴȷͻƣ˽ĵɽ׼ˣ붼һ񾳽Ľսʿ磬ʮĽսʿ񾳽磬ֹһųŵ
ǲϧ۵˸أΪĲ
ʱֻҪһ˵׼ˣٵǿߣҲܹѩһռ˽
׼ֶΡ
ã壬Ǿ嶼á
ոմϢѾǺӷĳڣҲҪһӲܸϵʱϸϲϡʱʮսʿǺӷͨɽֻҪһʱ䣬Ǿܴһ̳Ȼɽ׼˵ޱȵķŭ
⻰ѧԺλʦҲɫѿ
֮ǰ˵ɽںӴϵںӴϵ˼̳ѧԺһʱݻǸ̳ɽΣˡ
ս֮ǽһ˽̳֪Ǽ̳Ŀ¡
һʱ䣬ҲϢݸ˺ۡ
˧һֻоͷؽᣬһˤա

˿̣Ǻӷ˽ڴ
ǿźƺƵʮսʿվǻˣ˭ȥ


1778 ı䷨򣬿£
ںսϣǿ˵Ƶһˡ
սһһ۵ס
ͨʮӥ£նɱʮڶսʿ²湦Ҳȷսʿһͻȷߡ
ҲǺӷᱻͻƣǰΪľͻǺӷ˷֮ｨһߣ˸֮⡣
һԱҲΡ
ʮѾ쵽ǰа벽ʮλһǧһʮλһԿ
Ǹңôš
ĳһȨȣԺȨȡ
ڵԺȨȻֻǽ˵ֻ̬൱ڶױԴ
ԺȨѾΪһ壬ԷӴױԴʹҲǵӦ֡
ǰѾ·λذɣ
ǵ˵ţһƮȥڹ
սʿʱѭͿǺӷڵǡ
˿̵ӰģһŰ׹˸ò
ʲô˾ȻһǺӷĳڣǲһʮڴһϣҲ㡣λսʿѾ˸صֻ֮ҪȥȻһռ˵Ԯڹǲôҳȥһɱ˸ءش
ʮڵսʿƳ졣
ǳĬû˵ʲô
ʮѾ嵽ֻҪٳǰһСܽ˽򸹵أȻܱһ仰Ȱء
ԣѾ⡣
ʮսʿ˹ÿһ˶ǼԼĿǡ
Ҫɷ飬ҪǸۣǸֹǵ³
ҲʱǶˡ
һӣеԺȨ䵽֮УȻȨɢһ˷Բڹ
̶ǰڹ֮ڵĿռ䷢˱仯ͬ˳ȥһ㡣
ش˳˹ÿֱ˸أǶȻȴǰޱİоıԴˡ˸ڵķȥҲһƬޣﻹڡ֣ȴԼİֱ۲ˣһѵԼֱ۱ʲôնˡǺܿͷ˲ֱۻڣȻúõģֻǰĿռ䲻֪ʲôһص۵ֱǷɢռ֮һ
֮⣬ʮսʿҲͬǸ¶˾֮ɫ
ţˡ
һսװǳǰնȥģ˭֪һλսʿȴǱĵ롣Ǻսʿʱ˶±Ƶģ֪Լôġ⻹õģеսʿˣȻΪеϮ󲻹߶ʮһȰԼһսʿˣһʱʮҳһš
ɫ԰ףֵ̿ĿǰһУǡ˰ѷԲڹĿռ뵽һ֮УȻΪĸıķиıǿռ䷨Ŀռ䷨ȫˣһǲ֪Ĺתռ֮еһΪܰǰĳ¶ȡֻı䷽Բռķ۷徳һѵ˵ˣ
ųҲʶʱ巢
һλ֮⣬̼ܰʮڴ¾һա
ܣԲܡʩչȫһʱ䶼ᱻ汾Դǣȥˣ֮ǰͳ˧̹Ƥ˹ؾȥġǰһеô£ǸסǺڵļһôģѵʱʹõǼش˿Ӻܻң֪ĳˡ
屻ӻ
س˼һ£漴սʿҪǲҪ⹥ķ˸ıˣκεĹֻ䵽Լͬϡ
˵֮ȴеûĻһ
ʱҲô£϶ķҲıˣǴһԣıĻշٶȷ򡢷֮򡢴ط򡢻֮ˮ֮ǹⷨ򡭡
ز飬ϰַ˸ı䡣
һ£˲亹ëըһǷֲһ顣
ıһʲôǸıϰַ⻹ôֱδżδ


1779 ս󣬾޶ѫ
ʮսʿΪɱµĳǧ
Ѿʧأһš
ʱû֣һӸıôַҲûж֡
ĿҲʮսʿǼǰ
ʱĹȥѾһӡ
һ֮ڣʮսʿ˳ǧ򣬶Ǹı䷨
ǱߣҲյϢѶ˺ۣ˧Ǻӷʮսʿһ֪Ĵסˣ廹ûдǺӷ˸ءдһӣǾܸϵʱҺλѧԺʦһߣһ˿ǺӷǸصĿܡ
׽սĺ⻰ֱš
̶̵ʱ֮ڣһо뵽˵һֱá
֮󣬴ã˭ʮڴһǰǴæȻ˸أΪͳ˧Ѵ̡ڵĻȷʮͻƷߣӥ·ǺӷȫԱȫǵĹʧҲСܶࡣ㣬㾡ȥ֮һǺѧԺλʦһߣڶ취λѻʮǿ¡ܴʲôֶסʮ壬˵ʵ϶ﵽ磬Ҵ˺ܴܲǾˡ
һ˵ͷ
Ǿˣ϶һʱϵǡ
һ˾һǿߣһǾˣҪ
ǿߣضԴҪ֪ԷϢ
ˣ
һ֮󣬷޼ɿ˿ǰڷԲڹڵʮ壬ղʱѶ˵һʮսʿȫǺӷڣʱΪ󷨵ֶסʮ塣ڿԷֶα󷨸ӴֱֱӣֱӾȡĿռԳһ磬ȻŤķʹʮսʿǺ㱻˰һôҲá
ҲһҲûµ𾪣Ǹıһٶַ򡭡ôܣǿʵ̫ǿˣѵֵһλ񡣡
ͨһ۾һһٶַ򡭡֮⾹ȻǿĴڣҸоⷽı䷨֮УһʱҲѳǵĵˣֱ롣̫ˣǿһѧˣǬʵɲ⡣
һŵ˹컯ʵͨ죬ֱ˸򲻼Ҳ
޼ɿ˿ˣǿ˳ֵˣôҪô
һ㶼ô
˼һ£޼һҿ˱ضǷ绪ţѹ񣬰ӵдͨǻ֮ˡҵҿ˳֣ҲǴ޺ˡ
˴ۿ˿ˣҾͿ˵ô
һ±ƣܾﲻԡ
Ǻûпֵˣôһٺݿʲô
ʱһˣʣµ齻ˣսʿʣ¾ǧ֮࣬Ҳ̫ɡӥ·ȷĲдսʿڸϹԤӦгʮսʿֻҪƬ̣ǺӷͰȫˡ
˵ţһԺȨȾͷɻصС
ӰҲǸŰ׹һʧӰ٣Ҫ˵ʲôɵˡ
ߵҲ̫ˣĻᡣ
߰ɣҪˡǧսʿĿĲ١޼˵ţȳȥ
ţϡ
һߣȫ֮⡣
Ǿù£˵սʿϴӸϹǵѹҲԽԽ
˳ʮ֮ʮڵսʿ˹ʱսʿ֪һ˿ᶼûˡ
֮£ֻóˡ
ͬʱȷλͳ˧ȥٲ뿪ȷ޼ɵۻǾ߲ˡ
ԣҲѸս
һ֮սĻ˾ء
˾˿иȷͻƵĿѾͳƳˣһʮһǧİˡЩսʿɽ֮һǧŸ̳ϵ׼Ҹոպλͳ˧Ѿݻм̳նɱսʿʣµĴԼսʿȴ֮ززˡ
⻰˶ǳĬˡ
һСʱʱ䣬ϵ׼ֱǿֲ
ؼߵսʿǱ˸أͻȻϮ֪жٵĴϵٵ
۳˼һµȻϵɽǰϵ֮к΢Сһ֣ǺսľҲѴ̡һս걾ȥҪôǣǾֻˡ֮⣬ѾʮĹѫǱǸصսʿ֮ͣЩսʿᱻһҳ
˵˧ЩƣһսѾľе
޼ɺѧԺλʦϸţҲ÷ʲô
ѧԺλʦһ뿪ˡ
޼ɳ˼һ£ѯʵۻô
ҡҡͷ˵ʹֻ̣ʽȻһսǲʤ˵ѾˡȻսˣ˧Ϊںսָӹ٣㲻ְҲҪְܷ߱пܡǼλͳ˧Ҳ޷⣬˵Ҳд˭֪ء
޼ȴǲôΪְͽְпܣӦòڵӣϾһѵĴۿɲСһս֮󣬾˵Ѻ۵ȥˣ϶ҪսǲϾ۵ʵǺǿġ
˵ͷ˷޼ɵҿλѧԺʦոֹǲʲôԺ˧˵
޼ЦЦҲҲˣҲˣǰҲãʤҲãѧԺһս֮նɱﵽʮܷ֮࣬һЩսɡոҿĲɵӣսսƷʲôҲûͳƳԾûᡣ
⻰㵹Ǿûκ⡣
̵ȷΪ˱棬κսսΪĻԴ
ѫսƷԴ
ѧԺһ֮ҪãҪսҲ
ţһ̱Ĳ˵Ҳս˼ʮڣʬƶҪѷسѵģսƷǲ٣ȻǵսҲСչ˾ǵĹףӦõɹѫ㣬ȻǿùѫȶһһЩԴҲ˵Ǵɷģⷽ˻ǺܹġΪѫ˵Ĺѫϵͳһǿļϵͳ˵Թƽǹѫǿ϶һ롣
ܼƲ˶ڣѧԺɱʮڶ壬ʹѫƶˡ


1780 սţ
⻰޼ɷġ
ս˻ɱԻùѫһ֧ͻԵĹףҲ֧ӽйѫ㽱ֽǽĽȻи˰չ׷书ѫ㡣ʵҲΪԭѧԺżҪԳһ
Գһɲ˵˵ֻԳһлⲿֹѫʸ
Գÿζ̣ÿζĲ࣬ǿ϶йѫ㽱ģѧԺһѪʯʯɽԼԳĳɱʮڶ壬ȴСĿԺԲƣܻõĹѫԺܿɹۡ
֮һϸս͵˾Ҳ͵˸ĽС
޼ɿݣ뼸λʦǾþ
һһʮսʿսʮһ֮࣬սͳ˧һˣųʮˣǧһپʮˣЩ˿ɶ񾳽磬Ǿųǰ벽硣սĴԲǧˣԲаʮǧˣλǴﵽһھǧ֮ࡣ
巽棬ʮսʿսʮڡ
սͳ˧ˣųʮˣǧ߰ٶʮˣԲǧˣԲʮһˣսλﵽһһǧ
˫˵أ˫ûս֮
ͨһ£߽ײսʿò٣ĸĻЩͽ׵Ľ۾λλλս̫ˣ⻹ֻһսһսԨսѪɽսǺսԼսʹ˲֪սÿҪˡ
޼ɵ˵ͷڷ֮ȻͶս˾ռˣڿ֣ǾôĿġ֮ս޷⡣ҲǾˣȻ󱣻ѧԺѧǾɳϣԺʵıһС
ʱȻָָսһǿе˴δսΣ̴ְһ㣬²ƽƺΪ˾֮гڼ顣ڼѾƺͼͲ÷壬ô̵ʱƽ󷨡
޼ɵ˳˼һ£ЩûͼĻѧԺһϲͨôƽ󷨡ڼĻڼ鲻˵ļλͳ˧ŵľų͸ˣϾͷβܽӴͼֻЩˡ
ֻ֪ЩҲûʲôãܻɵĶ̫ˡ
λʦҲڶ룬žǱߵĺϢǹѧԺĽ档
ʮ֮󣬽ڳˡ
ѧԺӥ·ɱʮڶ壬һ֮סӥ£ټѧԺλʦȷǺӷҲ˾ԵãͨѫϵͳĽƸѧԺһٶʮڹѫĽ
ôࣿ
޼ɿĵһʱ䶼һ
ɱһһԻһڹѫ㣬һٶʮڹѫ൱ɱһǧλ
һ鲻ྦྷҪʮѫ㣬һٶʮڹѫԶһʮڵĲྦྷ
⻹Ҫ֪һ㣬ǾѧԺĹѫ㣬ɱʮĹѫ㲢档Щɱ壬˭ɱĹѫ㵽˭ͷϣѧԺȻλʦ󷨣ΪֻǧˣѧԺʦѧɱսʿڣĶǱѪʯʯɽԼԳĳɱġ
ԣһѪʯʯɽԼԳĳ׬
̩ųҪһʡ
ʱһЦ̩޺λȫˡ
޼ɿ̩޺ģЦĹѫˣų׬˲ٰɣλ϶Ҳû׬ɣ
̩һЦЩųܻöٹѫʵҪǣɱжˣʤ̣Ȼйѫ㽱ȻҲֻɱеĹѫ㡣ʵ˵Դս߾Żûʤ̣ûйѫˡһεǰǰȫ׬ˣһʮһڵĹѫ
ɱһͳ˧ҲͼڵĹѫ
ʮһڹѫĲˡ
޼ɵ˵ͷλأ˶پĹѫ㽱
ȿڣЩпһǧڹѫ㣬˵ʵҶûмô๦ѫ㡣˵ҪлѧԺ֪ԼͣѧԺѡٿʮһۣҾܻþô๦ѫ㽱ǰҶѧԺǲöѣЩǡӽ쿪ʼ׷ѧԺѧԺıԶǣδѣѴ֮ɱʮ壬ЩԶԶ
⻰޼΢΢һЦ
һս֮󣬲֪ж˻ѧԺ֮飬ѧԺΪսһҲԶˡ
λҲ˵Լ˶ٹѫ㽱оʯͿ񽫻һǧڹѫ㽱񽫻һһǧڹѫʯΤ񽫻һĹѫ㽱ɽ񽫻һڹѫ㽱ĳԳǧڹѫ㽱
Ȼǻô๦ѫ㽱϶ȫΪУôҲҪóһֽսʿ˵˾սʿȻԺ˭ԸǵľӡҲΪԳĳ٣ֻвʮˣҪȥĹѫҲ࣬ԾĹѫ㽱Ҳֱնˣֻнǧڡ
һ£̩޳˼޼ʦѧԺôĹѫ㣬ʲôҪһҪˡһھɷѫ㽱֮һЩֵԴǹӦȥһ㣬йѫ㶼û
޼ЦЦѧԺˣҪһĶ٣вྦྷһڿ飬ҺڽĽױԴڼһǧĽױԴһǧ౦ͷһǧ
޼ɵĻ̩޼˶Ŵ죬ȫɵۣԼĶ䡣
ѧԺ׻˶ٹѫĽױԴڼ׺һǧĶһҲǴײ˰
ЩҪѵĹѫ㶼һڹѫˡ
̩޺ݺݵһĭѧԺξѧԺĹѫ㽱һڡ
޼Ц⼸ǳʵ
޼ɵĻû꣬Щ֮⣬ѧԺҪһֵʬһھ߰ɡλʬ壬ҪһߣʬҪһǧߣԲʬҪһߣԲʬҪʮߡⲻĲ֣λʬ塣
̩Ȼ֪޼Ҫôʬʲô
ĿҲ̫ˡ
һ£̾ôĹʬһǸ߽ʬѾˡĻһ㣬Ǿͳ˧Ӧÿ
޼ɵ˵ͷѧԺĽ黹㲻æҲûʲô
ֻǸ죬޼ɻû㣬ȴԼˡ
޼ɣһ޼ʦ˧ְˣܲһλµ˧Ӧһھܵսں˧棬̸̸
޼üͷԥƬ̻ǵ˵ͷ


1781 أѧԺΣ
ţ˵߾ӥ¡
վӥλãǰԨӰԵЩ¶
оˣۻͷһЦ޼ʦ治˼ڻҪ㣬ҾбҪһ£ȻҾǱְҲġ㣬鷳ȥΧǾһ£ֹ͵
á
˵ͷһ뿪
޼ߵ˺ǰʵһսʧԭܶͷϣҪҪеΣԾŻ᳷ְȻҲЩҲͲ˵ˡ˵ɣʲôҪһҪң֪ľҲҵ̸κˡ˵ʵһͦģͳ˧սʱȫûаԼϣһ˧
ЦЦϿɵĸоܲ
˼һ£ȻЩӥ·һ֮ı䷨סʮһʱλǿߣûв´ĻѧԺ˰ɣ
޼һû뵽۾ȻҪ
ԥһ£ԥҪҪ˵ʱ򣬾ȻյǵĴʵߺ
޼ˣͷλǿߵȷѧԺˣһѧԺԺԳ֡ԺδϵһУĿͿ̿ǲѡ˳֡ӥ·֮ǰʮҲԺǰԤȻӥ·϶ס
⻰˧һЦǻãҲ²ĲԺģܼܲһ棿һ֮ıϰַסʮ壬ʵıս
ʱ޼յǵĴ˵ĻԺšԺʲôֱӺ˵һ˵ĸıսӦ֪սڵ壬ֻǽսһƽ̨Ժ˺սеڶս֡˵Ҫˣǲǿߣ汾Դ˼ô
һЩ𾪵Ŀŷ޼ɣ㵽֪ʲô
޼ЦЦ˵ʲô
ЩʵѧԺҲֻǲ²⣬ü˵ȥ
һҲ׷ʣǱ߿ʼˣսǽ۹֮һĴɽ۹δɽ۹ʧܣԪ۹ʹ˵۹ҵɣ׷׿ʼǲŽսԤδ֮ڣսıᳬһڡͬʱҲڲϵԤưսʿﵽڵڡ
޼ɵ˵ͷҲ֮С
ۼսĹģѾԨսѪɽսǺսԼս£ԺĹģܻᳬĴսˣ˵Ϊ汾Դ򳹵ױ֮ӲڣʱͻῪȫս
޼ЦЦȫսҲûа취ǵ棬Ҫȫ׼ܲܲɡ
⻰ȴɫһ䣺޼ʦҲΪֵ棿һݲȱԶʷϿһЩֻƬһ仰дš顢룬ʼɣ˼˼ǧ꣬ΪָľĲ࣬ʼ沢ĳλǿߵĳƺһ˵ΪǸ鶼ΰʼ棬ʼǹͬȡ
⻰޼̲סüͷһ塣
ʲôѵֵ棬ûˣˡ
ļٵģ
޼һɵĿźۣôΪûͱ˵ɣСı˴
۸ɿһȻҲֻҵĲ²⣬϶ô˵ȻҲܵϾ˧ǻǼĵİɣӦÿҵսд֮пڼ飬ⲢΣѾȷʵȷʵ߻˾ƺͼͲ÷ϸɸһ֮һپʮĸˣ
˵ţ۰һӸ˷޼ɡ
޼һ˧ҪʲôѵѧԺ㾾ڼ飬е㲻ʵɣѧԺֻǵ߾ͨһû˵޶˻һپʮλ񡭡ԣ澹Ȼλͳ˧ֱǷˡѧԺɲ̫࣬˰ɡ
ЦЦȴǵȻ֮ԭģѧԺʮɱʮڶ壬Ͽ϶ҪǹʮͼͲ÷˵ڼ鵽ʱ᲻ְʮͼͲ÷ٴݸ壿
޼ɳ˼Ƭ̣ⲻǻ᲻ᣬǿ϶ᰡ
ۼˣѧԺôóһʮ᲻ѧԺ󷨺һף󷨣˵Ժо󷨡εõʮͼͲ÷Ȼĵûףһڹؼʱָһ󷨣˵ʱӦô죿
޼ɼǲ˼͵϶һֱӽѧԺǾ㻹ٶ󷨣Ҳûá벻渹أԽѧԺܣʱô죿ԣӦûϵڼ飬һڼѧԺе㲻ʵɣ
ȴҡҡͷģûв²ĲڼӦó԰֯Ը⸶㹻Ĵۣ֯һѧԺ֣ϾӦѾʶѧԺںսϵҪԡ
֯޼̲סɫ΢䡣
֮У齨˵İ˴֮⻹
һǱԵԳΪףǲôսһԭ˵ܼ򵥣ԸĶΪʳӣڵʱ˾óֳ档෴˲ǣǺܵ˵ЩҪΪиֲͣȻĵҩڻвר壬ǣΪ˳ʱ;ܾ˵룬һ磬񶼲֪ˡ
ڶǰ֯ǺͬʱֵġΪ˱棬Ѫսף֯ǡǡ෴ǾԺƽദ˵ɡô֮󣬰֯ȻڣѾڵҲر𼤽Ѿ뵱һˡ
޼һǰ֯ĻǾһ鷳
۵˵ͷҲϣѧԺҳڼ飬ھ֮УΣʵ̫ΪˣѧԺ֮ѡһսʦͳ˧ոջظˣͬҵұְ֮ǰΨһΪˣϣǽԵΣ
޼⻰˸жǲš
սͳ˧Ǿ˾ӵָӹ٣̸ô˵䲻ģսʿǵС
ۼֱǷˣҾټѧԺʦͳ˧Ȼͬˡ
޼ɾãҪ侲һ¡


1782 룬
ۿŷ޼ЩŵӣЦҪǾҲʶѧԺҪԣһʮɱʮڶ壬ⶼ϶ʮˣټѧԺλսʦǱԴҲɵӣʱһ޹ؽҪͳ˧ʵҲǣϾܳһʱ䣬սҪѧԺҵľټǽ軨׷ѡ
޼Щ̹ȻˣԭԼһҶĿˣûѧԺںսҪԡȻˣͳ˧ѧԺͽˡ
۵˵ͷ˻־Ҫ뿪
޼Ժ֮ʱյǵĴǿڵ˧Ȼ㱻ְˣ翼һ¼ѧԺΪѧԺʦΣ
һЩ𾪵Ŀŷ޼ɡ
޼ЦЦԺ˼ʽΪѧԺʦ˵˧ǿ϶Ͳڰ˴㱻ְҲְλѧԺ֮ɽϵѧΧŨʦ֮ĹϵһȺѧҲͦɰģӦúʺ㡣
սһ㳣λͳ˧
λͳ˧аλ԰˴ֱˡеЭᡢ澺̡ðˡ˺ЭᡣñͳˣЭᣬĳðˡλͳ˧֮⣬һλͳ˧ֱоֱָɣڰ˴ֱ֮Ϊ˧
ͬڰ˴ӵǴӾְ˻ǻǵϵ쵼ݣֱӱͨ
Ժھˡ
۳һ£ȴǾܾ˷޼ɣ˵ɣһûпǺȥġµ˧˹֮ҴȻһ˵ҵĸǣʮԪûлȥˣҲ֪ôˡ˵ʵеˡ
޼ɵ˵ͷûǿ
ں뿪֮˷޼ߣ˧ҺܾһˣԪ֮ǰھսΪֹͻǺطߣһ֮ƴܴɱλˡҲΪˣɥʧͻƵĻᣬȻڻѾһλˡ
޼Щȣλͳ˧ΪɶԺôˡ
޼ʱ㣬뵽£˵ȥ㣬ѧԺ㹺ʬһھ߰ɡλʬ壬ҪһߣʬҪһǧߣԲʬҪһߣԲʬҪʮߡⲻĲ֣λʬ塣ôɣ
һһҪҲ̫ˣһǸ߽壬ð졣
޼û˵ðһ㡣
룬εңһѧԺĸܵļνõһЩܰ죬ҿ϶죬ǰ첻Ҳûа취Ͼʬв˶ţǸ߽ʬ
޼ɵ˵ͷǾ鷳ˣʬһ㶼û⣬ʬһҪһߣ߶õ
ЦãҲûʹҪѫ飬Ϊ֪ѧԺȱЩ
뿪֮Ӱһڳˡ
Ժ޼ɿ˿ǣź۾ܾǵ룬ԸѧԺʦȻѧԺֶһλʦ
ЦЦȴǲΪ⣺Ҳֻһû浽ΪʹӦˡϾѧԺ̫ϤŲǡˣԺлģȵʵʱȻһֱԸΪѧԺʦѧԺҲȱʦʱȥһǳɺ̸һ̸ܲٴǳƸһЩʦ
޼ɲ۾һ뷨
ʱ뵽һ飬ü˵һݲȱԶʷϿһЩֻƬһ仰дš顢룬ʼɣҶʵͦġֵ棬ǵΪʲôҪ棿Ҫ渹أΪʲôѵֻǱ
޼סɵĿǣ˭ȥ
Ժ㲻ӷ֮ĸ֪ˡ
ڨڨһЦˣҶһЩµоʱæ֮ǽһ¡ˣ齨ӵ顣ǻɱõĹѫ㣬ټϾʣĹѫ㣬һʣʮڣ㹻֧ųһҪķˡ
޼ɵ˵ͷȻϾѧԺսƶļƻ
ѧԺѾȥˣѧԺҲ㹻Դ֧ţʱѾ졣
ѧԺҪԳһֻܽѧԺǧˣˡ
ѧԺĿ齨һ֧սǿֻѧԺϽӰսƵ˾ӣӶ׵춨ѧԺս֮еĵλ
ʥʥǽѧľǸκΣѧԺ˺
֧ӺҪѧԺֵĺܹؼһ
һһڿ鲻ྦྷڽҺĽױԴڼһǧĽױԴһǧ౦ͷһǧȵȣΪ˳һ׼
ˣʵҲϵͳǷ
дģ齨һֱ֧ѧԺĲšҪʮΪһָʮǼ￨ƣָ߽ɷһǧݿһŶ򿨣ԺȨȵ̬
ԣǿԽԺ̬Ǳɵġ
֮ٴš
޼Цſ˿㣺ôǲǰˣ
˵ͷ࣬ѧԺҪЩࡣʬҲΪȡһߣǸ˧һɣ𡣲ʬֻΪȡپߣԲʬֻΪȡǧپߣԲʬҲֻΪȡߣȫλʬ塣
޼ɳ˼һ£Ȼˮ˲٣ԡ
ʱҴҵ˽ʬأģң
һʲô
һֱڹע̩ޣϾǰǾ֣̩Ӷ϶ǲܵġ̩֮ǰѧԺӾɹʬ飬֪λ԰ʬ廯Ϊ棬ƳɵҩˣҲ
ʱʬļ۸ǵЩʬһҪһǧڹѫѧԺȱ㹦ѫת˸ңʮӾͻ˰Ҫʬ͹
޼ɵ˵ͷһǧڹѫѣСǮ
յתˣ֪ͨ˾˰ʬ͹ܿһԲŷʬĴָˡ
һָѣ̫ˣʬƳ߽ײ൤еһžһڽҺЧ֮ΪõһͻƵ硣
⻰ɫ΢䣺Ŀ԰ͻƵ磿һ˵߽ײ൤ٹѫһš
һ£˿һôҲҪһڵ㹦ѫɣϡΪʵʼ۸϶Ҫߵ㣬һǧڹѫӦòࡣ
⻰㿴˿ԼոմѧԺŪһǧڹѫͷô


1783 𾪣ɵ
޼ɿεӣ˵ͳ˧ѧԺϵʦ㿴ŸһЩϾˣͷ̧ͷģ˵Щʬͳ˧ΪѧԺȡġ
˵ͷǷ޼ʦ˵
˿޼ɣֿ˿㣬εĵ˵ͷȻˣҾ͸ɱۣһڹѫһšûô๦ѫһǧڿ鲻ྦྷҲСУھ͸һĶ𣬱Ͼм˶أһʬҲƳ
ʱɵˣȷһڹѫһǳɱۣʬ廹ҸոѧԺģɱ۶㵱Ҳ֪ôʬҲڹѫѣӵģֱָĲʬҲֵǮǰʬƳɵҩֵǮ
ãһڹѫһžôˡ˵ŻǰѶǧڹѫת
ѫյˣڱȽϳʮ꣬궼пܡƳ֮һʱ֪ͨ㣬ʧˣҲ㽻Ķ˸㡣Ȼ˿㣬¶һЦݣͳ˧㵽ʬ壬ҿ԰æʱƳĵҩҸɡñƳȡõšôһ£˵ģ㣬˵ܸ㵽
⻰ֻоؿƣѪӿ֪Լʬˡ
һһأ׸ɵʲô顣
ˣҲ˵ʲôʬ岻ǴײˣϾ֮ҲһˡҾɣŪʬ壬ʱһ
˵ͷջ϶ᾡġ
뿪ãֹ̩ˣ˵͸תǧڹѫͬʱЩص鷳ʦƳҩһʱ֪ͨң˲׼ĻջһΣһҪͻƵ磬һԪ֮ǰͻƵľ磬ĵ̫ã̫ʧˡ
˵ͷһ
ȥ޼Щ̾Գ˵̩Ϊͻ׼ǧ꣬ҲΪһͻ׼ʮڹѫԴϣ˳ͻơ

ĳռ䣬ѧԺļλʦڡ
޼ɻڵڽѾʽΪսĵʮλͳ˧֪ͨҲﵽ˸š֪ͳ˧Ҳֻʱͳ˧汾ԴһԲ֮ʱҿ϶ᱻְһֻλͳ˧һƽ⣬ѱơҲΪҪѧԺŸͳ˧ְλ
ǵ˵ͷԺ˵ѧԺǿ󵽿˴ʱ˵ҪŸһͳ˧ְλˣͳ˧ʲôȨ
޼ɳ˼һ£˵ǹţƶսԣսںսһţȻǸΣҲԹţҪ˧䣬Ϊ˧ûΣʵûκξſԹܡξһЩսоĸñҶһԴԴۡˣÿ껹һڵĹѫ
λʦţû㲻
ñһһڵĹѫһһˡ
ͳ˧ӦΣҲͳ˧ɱ˭ӣ϶ӣȻӱֱӾͻᱻ
룬ô˵ͳ˧ְλðˡ޼ʦǾͰ֮ǰƻģʽʼ齨ѧԺľӣ־ͽɵҵĳǵһɵֻʮˣΪҲҪλ񣬵ȻҲҪϸɸ飬һЩݲĿ϶Ҫͳ˧ΪвͶ
޼ЦЦʵûͳ˧ְλֻҪѳΪɵĺôȥҲкܶԸ֧ӡ
ǲÿɷ񣺡ûͳ˧ְλסЩųʱɵΪηԼھӵĽ;ųҲ벻ֱӹ˵ͳ˧սʿǾаȫУԸ롣
޼룬ȷʵ
ѧԺȻѾ˺սͳ˧ְλ齨ӵĻ϶绢ܱ಻Ҫ鷳
ʱֿһھʬȸһǧߣҴӽ쿪ʼһƲ൤ȱ֤ɵǰ
һԺҲҵ
ǲһЦһֻ֮۹ܿγһöҩȻֶΡ

ʦǺȻЦж಻˽Ժʳ
ڶ죬ѧԺ齨ɵϢʹ˺ս˵֪Ϣ֮𾪲ѡ
˸𾪵ɵ֮˵֧ȫںսκһ
ȣľӲսʿǷʲôãɵᡣȻֻ࣬һλһҲ쵽ʮѫľáΣɵҪǩԼԼһ꿪ʼǩ֮Ҫ뿪û˻ȻҲѡǩһȫƾԸҲ˵ģɵǰԤ֧Դͻƾ磬ҪĴ۽ǩԼʱޡ
ڼκθ˸ţɵʵ̫ˡ
ɵ齨Ϣܶ˻ΪǼٵġ
ҲжѧԺȽεģñȳսʿһʱϰʽɵ
ѧԺĸλʦΪ齨ɵҲȫ
һսʿѾλ񾳽ܾˣѧԺ齨ɵĵһʱ䣬͹ˡ
˿̣ڵһλ
޼ЦΪǼǣ㿴һԼϵݣһλΪÿõʮѫһ鲻ྦྷľãȻԼǩһꡣںѡǩ߲ǩȫƾԼ⣬ѧԺҲע˲ɵ֮ȥ飬ǻ𡣡
ϸ˿󣬵˵ͷѧԺҼǵѧԺ˵ԼǩĳһЩͿԤ֧һЩԴ԰ɣҪһٽҺͻƵλ񾳽磬ǶһЩҺҪǧѫ㣬ҲóԤ֧һٽҺԴԼҪǩꣿ
˵Щ
Ҳʵĵһ㡣
ϾսһλҲܻø㹦ѫ⻹ڱ֤Լ¡һԤ֧һٽҺɲһСĿͻƵλ񾳽磬һжֵˡ
޼ЦЦе࣬ҪǩһһԼ
ûʧ䣬Ǽޱȣ࣬һ㶼࣬һԤ֧һٽҺûбˡ
ҲΪȻԾԾ


1784 йᣬҪ
ڹ±֮˷׷ױ
¶һԲĽ˵ϣΪֹѾӶʮ߸ԪˣΪſﵽԲ񾳽磬ͬڵеѾΪҲǽ֪֮ԴҪԣ츳ٺãû㹻Դͻƶǧѡ
¶ŷ޼ɣЩÿһҪһҺۼһǧʮҺӦÿͻƵԲ񾳽磬һҪһױԴսڼףЩѧԺܲԤ֧ңҪǩ೤ʱԼ
˶һҲ˰¶ȻһλԲ
Ŀǰɵģ¶Ϊߵġ
޼ɿ˿¶ϸһ£ʮҺֵڹѫױԴڼ׺սֵʮڹѫۼƾǶһʮڹѫѧԺɵԼǩƶȣҪǩһһǧķԼ
¶˵ͷȻԺЩԴҪģԼЩԴʮܹѧԺṩЩԴһͻƵԲ񾳽磬ֻҪɱһԲܻһڹѫټϽɻսƷʲôģۺܴﵽϡô˼ҲֻҪܻծȫδΪΪڻ档
¶֮󣬱˸ˡ
޼֪б˶ܱɵ¼߸ҲŸ߱׼
֮󣬱ɵ˾ʹﵽʮǧˣѾԶǵһҪյʮɵޡ
̩޵ӪʣԳƵų˵㵽׹ܲܣѧԺ齨ɵҵĳһ˶ȥˡ˵ѧԺⲻҵôҺòװѳôңҪ
˻Գ֮⣬Ѫ񽫣ʯͿ񽫣񽫣ʯΤ񽫣ɽҲڡΪϴκѧԺһʮսʿʶѧԺ棬˴ҲѧԺ齨ɵ
̩޸ɿһεǱңѧԺķ޼ʦѾʽξͳ˧ԺҵֱϼҪ齨ɵȥܡ
ԳʱйѣλҲ޿κΡ
ھֻٴһҲѹˣԳȥǸȥҷ޼ɵ鷳
սĳοռ䡣
ϴδս֮󣬳˺˧֮⣬Ŀǰʣµλͳ˧Ƿֱǳ˵㣬Эð˵ĿģԻеЭĿФԻɭԼ̵İ˹սķǳ澺Ƚӵ̹Ƥ˹ǳˡ
Ŀǰλͳ˧ȫһܻ顣
ʱȿڵѧԺ޼Ϊսʮλͳ˧ӦöôԸɡһֱսֻаλͳ˧һλ˧ڶһͳ˧ǾƱҪǸһֵ档ñڣսϵʬɻύЭᴦһθ߽ʬѧԺ˽ĳɣַһָ䵽ЭĶǰһ롣
⻰λͳ˧ЦЦ˵
ѧԺ֪ʬ׬ǮЭҲдʬİ취ǰʬƳҩҲܴﵽʮϡ
ʱüͳ˧ʲô˼ѧԺǴӾһھʬѧԺԺսĹ׺ܴǹһھʬôˣôЭɱʮڶ壬ʬЭҲԡ
⻰ŭ㣬֪ѧԺĹϵλܵ˾ļνҪ㣬˵ģھˡڵǰ˴ٳһλͳ˧Դսǵĵߡ
⻰һû˵
̵İ˹˵ͷ֧˧Ǿֱģû취Ԥͳ˧һֱֻаλǰ˴ѧԺȻûʸƽƽ˵ͳ˧ܵΣλѧԺʦ޼ȻսȻ
ɭŵҲ˵еҵľһһλͳ˧᲻ڶλͳ˧ൽʮλʱǰ˴ھʲô
⻰Ҳǲɵó˼
˴һֱųȻĵλսϸ׬Դ϶κ˴ǵĳȻλ
ԥʵһ飬˧˵Ǿڼ飬ҲŲɡսϸŲһ֮ѾһЩ²⡣ҲҪҵڼ鲻ǱˣΪṩƺѧԺ
⻰˶ɫһ䡣
㼸Ҫˣᣬ֮˵ݵģսҰѾƺͼЭһλ˵ƽ󷨾ͼͲ÷ҲҪǧϵʱ䡣룬˶ãûһֿѧԺʵķȻй¶塣ϾѧԺģƽ֮һ㶼֡Ȼǿˣ巢ȫսѧԺ֪һһǰúøǷԲʮڹʮɱʮڶ壬˺ĹѫԼͳ˧
еЭĿФ˵ͷеҽ϶ҪѧԺʮһѧԺƱػῪ۸ߡѧԺй¶󷽷ҪһΣֱ롣
̵İ˹Ҳǵ˵ͷˣѧԺڼ飬ѧԺ˳Ϊͳ˧ԺǾʲôܿԡ
̲סˣֻǲ²⣬²ѡѧԺµƽ˾ƺʱǾѧԺ󷨣ҪûǴѧԺΣ˧ܾѧԺΪѧԺթһʡ
һЦ㲻ѧԺôҲϵ˾ǵ󷨡ٻߣΪǾܾǣû취թǾһʣԾ߳ŭѾƺƽⷽ塣
⻰ֱֱǿʶô
Ҳ˵ʲôֱɣͬѧԺ޼ɳͳ˧ľ֣
ͷ̵İ˹ţȻеЭĿФɭð˵Ŀķ׷׾֡
ʱûоֵ㣬Цͬͳ˰֮ǰҲԼ澺ͳ˧˵ˣ澺ͳ˧ûлظ˵ͳ˧ضȻ֮УͬҵĹ۵㣬ǾռƱȾµ˧λһѣҲӡԣѧԺͳ˧ˡ
޺޵ĿŤͷˡ
ѧԺפء
ͷ޼ϸ˵һ飬ûκεַѣҲ֣ضԴԺܿ˵ֻܱȳͳ˧ְλ
޼̾һӵˮĻҪֻһ޹ؽҪͳ˧ְλȻַѡˣͱɣҹ̵ľͳ˧
㲻֪ôο޼ɣεˡ
ΪάԼ棬Ҳ޿κΡ
ͬʱȴյ˽ѶϢ
ͶӰǰЦԺаʱ䣬Ӧþܻȥˡλȥһһľϲϣ㲻ᱻһ
һϲϲˣҪô
汾Դأص֮׵顣
û;Ÿͳ˧˲֪Ĵô


1785 ɵͣ׼ѣ
ǻѯһ½ȴжͨ
ʱȥһºɵﵽ˶پʮºɵﵽʮºɵﵽ˰˰ٶʮһֱ˵µʱ򣬱ɵѾһǧ򣬴ﵽ˾˵һǧ
ѧԺڲ顣
޼ɳ˼һ£ڵһɵֻʮˣڱٱҾѾûбҪܱʱ䣬˧ϾҪսʱͳ˧ǱְӰ쵽ɵ齨Բ֮ǰͰɵ齨
󣬾еԣǽλʦͰ֮ǰ˵ģӱһǧգ֮ھȷս
ʦѾȻ֪ô졣
˴ɵѧԺԭ
һԭƷ£Щݲ߱ѧԺ̫˿϶Ҫ
ڶԭ츳ѧԺɵԺ˵֧ӵÿ˶ܳΪҲҪ񾳽ǱУɵսʿ츳ҲҪﵽǼʵϣֻҪླ磬츳ٶﵽǼȻһٸĲһ츳ǺǼ
ҲԱһǧ˽й츳ɸ飬Ǽ츳ʮ
Ǽ츳֮ϵϵ츳ǽֻһʮˣһ츳ȴһûС
Ȼڲ֮У츳Ҳ֮٣츳֮ϵ漶츳ˡ
ԭΪһ͵ڶԭ£ҪΪߵġ
ȥǵǰһѧԺ˴齨ɵ
Ԥʮˣʵʮˡ
Щ棬һʮĸϵ츳һһѡȻѡҲǺǼ츳
Ϊ棬ΪǴԲ񾳽磬һʮһˡ
Բ񾳽磬һʮˡ
λ񾳽磬һǧŰʮˡ
λ񾳽磬һٶʮˡ
λ񾳽磬һһǧʮˡ
ϸһ飬ûκ⣬ǵԣͰգ齨֮ͿʼǵΪϣһ֮֮вλڣһ֮֮вλڣ֮ǵΪҲҪԲһ֧Բ񾳽ʮ˾ѧԺе󷨣סӦöʲô⡣
޼һ˵ͷ
Բྦྷ϶˲ʮԲɵ󷨻Ǻεȵ׺
⻹ֻǵһɵռƻɵﵽǰԲʩչ󷨣ƶǺ
ǿŷ޼Ҫ뿪һӳһöռָƵĲ൤ʮţһƲ൤ӦÿԱ֤ɵѧԺӦ
޼ɽӹҩ֮뿪ˡ
ѧԺٶȺܿ죬ս֮͹˳ȥȻͨ¼˱֮ǰ
ʱսٴλȻ
֮ʮ˹ʮһǰʽΪѧԺɵսʿȱϯİ൱Զʸ
ţ޼ɰսϵĹñƶʮһ˽˱š
ֹ˰£ɵ˵ӣ޼ɿʼ֮ǰŵĸԤ֧Դ
ǽһ֮ڣѧԺͷȥ˳ڹѫԴʮһһǧΪԤ֧ЩԴѧԺӳ˷Լһǩһٶʮꡣ
Ϣȥ֮˾׼ҲǱѧԺֱŵˡ
ǿڵĹѫǴײ˰
ˣǵҲʽɡ
Ҳʱ򣬾Ǳ־һ𣬲ûд㡣
̵İ˹ЩʵѧԺһξͷȥڹѫԴǲƴ֡Ҫʲôѵɵʮ˶ɸ߽ײࣿ
⻰ЦѧԺ̫뵱ȻˣԤ֧ԴȻˣȴһ㣬ǾսϵʸߵĿ£սһ˾ҪųɾšѧԺԤ֧ȥôԴܸܿȲɵսʿһ죬Ϊ֮ǰɵսʿѾˡ
һҲЩ
Ԥ֧Դǽһǽ˶ˣ㻹˭Ǯ
˻ֵ֣ˣ˵¡˧˵ͳ˧ضԼ澺ͳ˧ͻ֮йʱ˧϶ټǹȥʱǾֱӷѣþ˷޼ɵͳ˧ְ񡣡
˹𡢿ФɭͿĶǵ˵ͷ
Ф˼һµιͳ˧ʲôϸǵڻһ֪ⷽϢûУ
ɭҡҡͷûУ˲֪ˡ
ЦЦ޹ؽҪͳ˧ʲôģʲôԿ϶һǰ˴κһ
˹˵ͷ˵ʲô
ڶ죬޼ɻѧԺɵ飬Ȼˡ
޼ɿ㣬Ͳµʲô飺ǲǾ˧ˣ
ףǵģո֪ͨҲһȥӭ˧Ԥǻ˧ǰѣ˧ͳ˧ְ񡣡
޼ɿЦãְͳְɣҪȥӭͳ˧ʲôⲻǹѿôѵҵ泷ҵְǱȽгɾ͸ô
ҲЩΣû취ѧԺ̫ˣѧԺпԿ˴ʵһٸҲôɡôȥǲȥҪǲȥҹǾ͸ҵˡҪȥɣҲͳ˧ǸˣͻתȻǷҪְѧԺ˵ܵõһЩ
޼ɵ˵ͷһ˿ȥС


1786 ˧
ս
Эð˿ģеЭФɭ̰˹Ѿڵˡ
ͷ޼ɵֻ֮һۣûе¡
һ޼˺׵λӡ
ЦЦȴǸ޼ʾһƺ˵õġ
޼ʱ뵽һ⣬˵˧Ҳ϶֪ǵļƻΪټѧԺΪͳ˧ȴ޶ԣûҹ޼̸£ܲϳǺ˧ô¸Ϊǡ
ֻô
ʱڵ˧µ˧ɹ֮Ժˣ翼һ¼ЭôЭϽǼУǺԼСֻҪԸ⣬ǿԸһеλá
ҡҡͷллĺ⣬ʱûдκĴ㡣
޼ЩȵĿû뵽ѧԺ֮ЭҲԺ۷롣
ѧԺȻߴ϶ˡ
ð˿ģеЭФɭ̰˹˵ʲô˵κҲͲûȤˡ
ʱһһĹȥ޼ЩģԺ֮ȴǺȻĴ
ֻ޼ʦӦ֪Ϊսϵĵʮλͳ˧ܲ⣬˧һǾͻѣȾͳ˧ְλԻӣͳ˧λӱסˡ
޼üڶ˵ʲô˼ҫ
һûôģһΡѧԺʮѧԺȰʮЭô˵ʵʮѧԺļ۸Эʮ֮һ⣬֪ѧԺһź԰ʬƳɲ൤ҲҪЭᡣĻҾͿ԰ѧԺ˵ˣǻһЩۣҲǲٷΪͳ˧
޼⻰ȴǲЦҿû˯ѣͦ
ʱɫһ䣬Ҫˡ
޼ɲڵǿһЩѧԺᶯںս棬һ˼ıѧԺ󷨺
ʱһһȥת۾һСʱ
˶ЩͷʱǰĿռȻһУȻֻ˴о˳
޼ɿΪ׵ӣһš
ӾȻǽѧԺĽʦʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ˷޼ɣ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ʱ۴ͷ˶ǸվŽһ澺ͳ˧ڽܵҸǰλǾսһ˧ΪǿѪɽսսպգɱʹﵽʮһλսʿǧơнܹܺսԺսȻ̩ɽ
˲ʶȻɱʮһλҲǲЩ
Ͼϴξλͳ˧Χɱλͳ˧ּѧԺλսʦЭҲɱλͳ˧ǻսһλͳ˧ǰһλͳ˧
ͳ˧ôɱģ˵ɱˡ
һһˣź۵ҸյսԺսǺϤһʱ仹Ҫ鷳֣Ҳλͳ˧ҵĹ
λͳ˧ͷ֤һϡ
۵û˵ʲôֻǳŽЦЦƺʶ
Ҷվˣ˵ɡ˵ţˣҸǰλһӹģһ˵ͳ˧ضһ澺ͳ˧
ضŴҵ˵ͷ
˶º󣬽򵥵˵һ˾ָʾȻøλͳ˧һԼ׼ɢᡣ
ˣʾһ̵İ˹𣬶Էõվȵһ£˧߻һ顣
֪ЩҪˡ
Щķ޼ɻᱩߣʱͲˡǵŷ޼ɿȥʱȴַ޼еĺܣƺһ㶼ģ֮ǰʱȫˡ
㲻״ΪǷ޼뿪ˣҲͷˡ
˹ͳ˧ʲô飿
˹ʱҲԥֱӵһֱֻһλ˧Ͱλͳ˧ƾˡ˧Ҳͳ˧оֱ˾ԴûκھѧԺ޼Ϊʮλͳ˧ҾúܲסѧԺʵԵͳ˧һְԿȥ޼ɵͳ˧ְλ
⻰üͷѯʵ˹һ˵˼
ʱվҲЭ˼ͳ˧һܵΣѧԺķ޼ʦֻһλ񣬾ȻЩǷˡȻҲΪѧԺ׺ܴ󣬿ǰ˴սսԪѧԺĹȼֱֵһᡣ
⻰˵ĳһвζ
Ҳֳ˵ͷһͳ˧˵Ĳ˴ĹκȲ˵ġλͳ˧أʲô˼
ð˵ĿģеЭĿФԼɭʱҲԥ׷׿ڿ޼ɵͳ˧ְλһɱƹζ
һһͷ
ʱԱߵͳ˧ضҲǿڵ˧ҲѧԺͳ˧ְλѧԺš
ԺĿ˿ضԵЩ⡣
ûмŻش𣬿û˵֮󣬿һˣ֣ЭᣬðˣеЭᣬ̣ҪҳѧԺ޼ɵͳ˧ְλô
ЦôȻͬǾͳ˰ɡ
⻰˴ϲѣǵıҪɹˡ
˵ͷ˻ǺãھʹѧԺ޼ʦͳ˧һְЧϾһҲͬʱھͳ˧ô޼ʦûɣ
޼ɲһЦûʦ
ʦ
뵽ʲôɲǼ亹ֱ


1787 ϲ漶츳
˿Ǿ֣˿ֿ˿޼ɣ̲סոճƺ˧ʲôʦ
޼ɵ˵ͷ͵˧ѧԺĴѧʦʵҲýʦ˵ĺܶԣһȷʵͬʱھͳ˧֪ĻΪѧԺء
㣺
ҧҧ˿ĸоԼǶ˵ˡ
λͳ˧ҲһֵġѧԺʦȻ˧ôѧԺһƹϷ룬ԺǺù˵δظҰôǸǴСЬһս滹ǿġ
ˣûбɢɡ˵Żһ㶼ûаѸոյϣ޼ʦȻȥѧԺפ㡣֣һ꣬Ҹطô
޼ɺͺ۶ǵ˵ͷ
˾Ҳ̲סˣЦãǻáͳ˧ְλû뵽˧ȴѧԺʦξǰʯͷԼĽţѧԺλʦֻҪ΢õֶξ͹Ǻһġ
˴Ǿľްԡ
ھվŵǿĶǿߣȻôս
޼ЦЦҲǾ̫Ȥ˴˿̲֪ʲô飬϶ܺڰɡ֪˧ټҳͳ˧ʱǲѾ֪˧ѧԺĽʦ֪˾پͺˣ֪ǲǷʲô
һ¶ɫ
ȥ֮󣬷޼ɰѧԺĸλʦ˵һ飬λʦҲ̲סЦ
ǵ뵽ʲôЦʦǰʱϵ˵Ҫʱһôû뵽Ȼֻ˵ҵĴϲӦþˣȻΪںս˧
λʦҲǸпѣŽӶãʦΪĸ߲ˡ
ʦһᣬȻ
ԺиλʦҺþò˵Ѿ߽ڣȻͨˣλӦѧԺʦɣǿûмҡҽһ£ҽнǳ硣
ͨԼ׷׵ͷ˵ѧԺλʦ
ЦЦҶѧԺʦô⡣ҿ϶Խʦ֮еܺ棬綼ýʦǽ֮еļš
޼ɶǺ
ҲƴǣͰ֮еľ渵ȥ̫һ͵飬Ҳȥ澺ԼΪðߵ顣⣬ȥе壬壬ˣ壬壬Լ̽ѰʶѧԺͼΪѧԺȥѪɽսƾźպս˾Ĳ㡣
ŽϵؽʦǶǸпѡ
Ҳһû뵽Ȼô顣
޼ɳ˼һ£ʵô˵ʦͺ˧֮оʶ
ףһѪɽսսȻʶġ
⻰޼ЩЦá
˵ĻټΪͳ˧Ȼٱְⶼں۵֮ˡ
ŷ޼ɣ͵ҪһЩ飬ҲΪ̽һ°˴ķӦŹôġʵһֵܴ˾ˣԺĻְȥΪѧԺʦ
⻰εѾˣϧܾˡ
һʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
͸ĻԼһʦʶҲ⼸λͳ˧֮пܾ⣬ֻ˴֮ĳ⡣
ⲻѧԺֵܲģ֪Ҳ֪ˡ
һᣬ뵽ʲôȻԺ㻹ǵҺ˵Ҫһľϲô
ǵͷǵûǵãѾôΪ˾ںս˧ȷʵ˺𾪡
λʦҲǵ˵ͷ鲻Ǵľϲô
ЦЦ˵Ĳһ飬һԺøϲ顣ˣҲˣǿҪˡɣ˵Ĵϲ
һʦɵۣҪʲô
ûȴҷӦֻǰһ޳ݿʵꡣ
꾯ܣ۾ϻŵĮɱ⣬ʱȴǷ˽ġ
ʦ
˵ߵ˽ǰ
޼ɷӦ˹ЩЦõʦԭ˵ĴϲȻһˣһΪʲôءܱ֮вԶӦúܲ򵥰ɡ
һʦ⻰ϸ꣬ҪĲƽ֮
أķڲͬƺ֮һɼֲһ㡣ǹȥܰ
ʱǿˣЩȷʵһľϲΪ˧ľϲûпĻӦ֮츳˵ʵҼˣ֮츳ߵҲ򼶣漶츳һûСǽ죬ҾȻۼһ漶츳ˡ
Լ漶츳֪漶츳Ŀ¡
츳ǲ֮ӣԺһ¶硣
λʦҲǾѣǰλ꾹Ȼ漶츳˵ѧԺϾҪһλ漶츳ѧ
𾪵ӣϣɣ޸ĸѪɽսϼ񵽵ġҲģҼʱȻҲе꺢ӴСȴ˵һֱšϣɣϣɣϣɡҾ͸ɴϣɡȻõĵһΪϡ
û˵ϣƴȫ뿴һЩʲôȴֻһ
˼Ƭ̣ʦûǴѪɽսӦĴս֮һɣ֮о˺ӲҪбҪսȥô
һɫĻصȷʵ֣һ⺢Ӹͨʽģμ֮еʥһߣҲ˵ˣϣӵ漶츳˵ʲôĸĸܵ漶츳ĺܵĻԼġ
ϸ˼һ£úе
ʱҼʱһŰֽôҲһ̵ֽġҲܶ£ҸΪѧԺѧΪܳ⾳һֱѹԼΪͻơѧԺֻ֮ҪǺúý̵һΪѧԺѧ
ЦЦԼ̫ˣҪǱ漶츳ŵˡһˣͻȻһƽ𷴶᲻֪룬ɹ޸ĸҲãɲҪ޷ĺӣԺҶܲˡˣӼڶˣ
һ֮һǧ겻׼ȷ˵ǾŰٰʮһꡣ
ٴα𾪵ˣô̵ʱ⾳⻹ѹԼΪ漶츳ЩѪ츳ȷʵǿʵҲ֡
ԺȨȼģϣɵ漶츳Ѫ츳
Ҳ˵ϣӵǿѪҪһǿվޡ


1788 ѧԺʦ
ͺðˣǿ˿ϣЦŵʦѧԺʦԺѧԺѧѧԺõõĽɣҺͽʦһѧԺѧȰˡ
ϣԥһ£ǵ˵ͷš
ҪΪѧԺѧģǽ͸顣ڴ֮⣬ҪʽΪѧԺѧûпܣֻ΢еѧԺĺ档
ڶһ磬˾ͳˡ
صѧԺӵΪǺͽһСʱѡ
ϵ⣬ǶϣɵѧԺڵϵĿǰϵϽڵѧԺͳڵĵǣǵĸǣҲѧԺĸǡĿǰѧԺ֮Уٷ֮ʮϵѧҲԵ
ϣɵ˵ͷȻ֣صҽϣɣǵ˵֣ҲԵ
ǺͽһЦû뵽ϣ˵
һϵǰͳһɵӰۡ
ػ־ۣӭԺͽʦؼҡϳǺͽڡ
ۣþòЦŵû뵽һ꣬ڶ˴Բľ硣ϵػ֮£ò˶þܽΪԪ
ЦݣȴÿһϵĺӣϵҲһֻбֺ㹻ϵϵԴԴϻĸԺҲңǴ󺣣ϵ֮УϵƬ󺣣ϵΪԪϵֻһӵСӡԳǵ򲻵ѣʱϵԪȻϵһֱ״̬
˵ͷϣɣԺ˵Ĳϣô
ϣҡҡͷֻǾúеȴǸ֪ε˼
ǵĿѾ˵ķ򣺡ۣҪȻѧԺпĹڼ㾳顣ȻѾǴԲľ磬ʵ̫͡汾Դڶα֮ǰҲҪ񾳽С
ףףԺҪҰǴͻصô
Ϊ־ĽϵҲ֮Ϊϵ־
ϵڣŤռ䣬ʵִ͡
ǵ˵ͷȻֻоռһ䣬Ѿ˵Ͽա
߰ɣѧԺ
˵ţϣѧԺռ䡣
ѧԺڣпѡ
ϣһ·ĿУǴѧ
ϣɣӽ쿪ʼʽΪѧԺһѧһ֪ȥúÿһ£ԺǧҪΥѧԺĹƶȡѧԺУһѧԺʱ봩Уѧ֤УգѧԺѧݡһһ©
˵֮󣬽ȥͿͻƾˣԺ֪һֱѹԼΪͻƣȻֻǳв꼶ѧΪԺУѧ֤ȴѾǸвġ㰲ŵĿγҲһҲȫǸвѧġ
ϣɵ˵ͷͻƾǺĵġ

ǰźϣ֮ͻصԼİ칫ңҪ
г￨ƣ⿨ȴһƬհףɴ˴õĽ
ͬǰ￨ƣſٻָ˼Ҫָˡ
һ֮ǽ˼·ָƵΪ˽Ӧѡ֮ͬսߵģڶҪһ֮ԭĻ֮еļλʥȻǱȽϺʵѡһ̫ϾʵͨҾ֮ͨ˵ǹŵ֮ˮƽߵġѧԺҲԷֵҺʦһѹΪѧԺԴ
ţеĵһſϾͳ̫ϾϢ
̫ϾѧԺټѾѧԺͨҲȱԪʼˡȻˣڶ￨ƾָԪʼɡţڶſԪʼϢһ￨ƵĻָ׼ᣬʵָŮ洡ڷ޼ȥ˺սҲҪսѧԺȱһִֵģŮǴ˵еʥĸѧԺֹ϶ŷ
ˣſƾˡ
ûмŰλʦٻǼȡ
ָɷһǧݿһŶ򿨣ԼԺȨȵ̬
һǧݿһŶȻö˵
ָõɷǿ϶ѡǿʵõɷҲ˴㡣
һѡǡŽص䡷˷ǿ磬˽һĴطΡ
֮Եһָطʵԭġ
Žص䡷Σǿ츳
һڶʮĽ߶ʮıʮ˱߾ʮ߽һپʮڰ˽ٰʮıھŽ߰ʮ˱
ھŽ٣߰ʮ˱򣬶Ӧ츳Ӧôﵽ˵򼶡
ص䣬ԺȫǱΪǿվ޵ǿ塣
ڶǡʥķ磬ʵָŽص䡷ԭࡣ
Уʥķӵжȡ컯֮֮˳Ϊش˵ʥˣ츳ôҲôﵽ˺Ǽˡ
ֿ츳ͨ˫ա
ǡԪͬǿ硣
һ־ʵӦǺйصһǿָҪֲѧԺⷽĿհס
ǡ硣
磬ǧܸ٣еһͨ˵ץסԼˣн֮ŵĻᡣǵΪֹյķǧ֣˷ȴżû֮УҲû˵˭˷
ָҪҲǸԼ
ǡͬ롶ࡣ
һУָɷͳС
һһһ֡Žص䡷²Ĳ࣬ھŽ٣ӵ츳ٿӵϵ츳ٿӵкǼ츳ŵĻӵǼ츳ϸһ֮漶󲿷ֵŶѡ
ŵġʥķҲǲ࣬źѣӵϵ츳
ڽ־Щӵˣ֡Ԫܴ󣬲ŵ׶ˡֵġֱӾһհףϵͳ˵ûУ첻ʱ䷨һʱ䲻ܺˣҲһûˣҪʲôء֡ãеˣѶʵ̫ѧԺҲĭһ¡
ָɷ֮󣬽ԺȨȵĵ̬ˣҲǱȽڴġ


1789 Ժս£ҵ
ԺȨȵѾΣӵһ̬ĵһȨȣڶ̬תΪȻٵ̬Գһ磬ÿһζһ޴
˴εĵ̬
̬µԺȨȣӵһܾǿԻΪԺս¡
ս¡ͷڼסսѥϥ󡢻ۡսѥӵȫλĹͷЧ⣬ԺȨȻװȼҲ֮ǰĶױԴĽױԴЧǿױԴ
һսѾϡ
ȥͷȻ΢ıһµ״γһԼװ
뿴ݣǰеӢ䲻˧ˡ
⣬սͦʺװˣᡣ
ʹս¿ʼٻλʦ̫ܿϾԪʼŮ派ͳǰ
ǿˣӭλʦѧԺԺǡ
̫ϾһԺ֮յѶϢܿȷǵݣȻæһ
ЦЦ߰ɣҴǲιһѧԺ
˸Ǻ棬ǽѧԺѧԺ𾪡
ں֮Уڷ֮УʥˣϵĴڣѧԺ֮Уʦнʦ˵Ĵڣʵǽǻ˵ǳлгʦΪ񣬶ЩԺҲѧԺʦĵ׵ǡ
ǴǲιѧԺ֮ת˵ӾЩЦá
ֻʵ˵ѧԺôоǹһƵġ

ǻǰ̫ϾѧԺϢͨ
ͨĬƬ̺ǰʲôìܣѧԺ棬ֻһݣǾѧԺʦǲǰЩҪҲ˭Ľѧˮƽߣ˭ѧǻӭ˭ͻƵ߼Ԫ޼ɾ硣Ŀǰ˵ұѧԺѾһ
ǵ˵ͷ⻰ͷˡ
ż죬ûмŻغսΪϣɱչͻˣ뿴ϣһĽô
ǵİ칫ңȻüͷһ壺ܷչصĵطȻˡ
Щ⣬ϣɻûгأܷȳˣһ˿Ļͦɡ
ܷ˵ķ񽫣սأˡΪо֮Ϊ˸лѧԺѰѧԺʱǽӼܷ𣬸˷һ˵ҰзףӶƶ
ǰռһΣܷͳǰ
ЦЦû뵽ͦɣҸջأѾͻƵ񾳽磬ȹ̣Ӧǳɹˡ֪Ļһܿġ
Ժҳأǵ֪ԺġǰҵĻ֮ͽ׳ɹˡܷ˵һУǰһźɫ棬ҵĻ֮׳һЩ⣬֮Ļ˵ʵҴδԺµԴ֮Ҳȫһû¶ȣմ֮ôѲ꣬һЩڻ
ɫĻ棬ҲԶԶͨ𡣡ǾΪȤӦǽԴ֮֮һֻ档ҵʱ;Դ֮ĵȼ̫ߣδһӰѻ֮׵Դ֮ļ𣬿汻Ҳ¶ˡ
ԭȻɫ̥ԺԴܷ֮Ժ֣ܷ
ɫ˴˵еҵ𣬾ͽҵɡڵȻˣҲָˣʲô㣬ûȤѧԺһʦ
ܷʦЩԥ
뵽ʲôȴҡҡͷվܾǡ
һʱЩܷԸ⣬Ҳ޷ǿ󣬲̾Ǻã֮Գְ㣬ҲֻΪѧԺо֮ȬѧԺҲˡûĻھ뿪ѧԺ
ȵȵȡܷ𿴵ҪߣæҲѧԺʦҪΪ־ڴˣҲôǰЩʱҺϵ˵ѧԺںս齨һ֧ɵʵеԼƶȣÿԤ֧ԴǩͬԼʱޣұսҲӦûع鵽һҲڻȥˣ̫ҲԵĹȥһǵɵ
Ҫɵһû뵽ܷ㡣
ǵģѧԺҵľ֮ҿǩһԼܷ֣صҲٺ˵ʲô壬ҾҵΣҺҲ֪ˣǴξҲ֣Ҳκ飬ѧԺɽʦʵ͵ˡѧԺξңҵΪͻƵ񾳽磬Ƕ֮
һʱ֪˵ʲôˣôһ˷ɵһʵĽ


1790 󷨣ɵ
ܷսս꣬ԴԲΪȴһֻܻ÷񽫳ƺţɼĲһ㡣
ΪսӵеսʶԶ֮ͬеκˡ
ѧԺʦ޼ɰսʶй֣ӵ͵߻ֳͨ𺳼ֲ߼׼ԼϼһҲӵпֲսʶӵ߼սʶܷսʶǳ߼ﵽ˾˵׼
ѧԺ֮Уӵսʶ˶ûм
˵ǰܷΪķͨĻ֮򣬻Ϊ緽Ķ̰壬ڵѾֲһ̰塣ҵԱȷ򣬶һҲǶȷټ汾Դ䣬Ժδزû֮ڶνףʱӵʶߵʸ
ǿܷ𣬳һ£һķԼˣѧԺµɵǾͺսսʿһɵƶ
ܷûټ֣ǵĽ顣
ǼٹӦû᷵غսʱһߡͺúõطһ£ս֮æġˣһһݹĵ伮㣬úоһ¡Ϊ֧ɵ֮ǰսʽͬǵҪսʽʹ󷨡
ܷ뵽󷨣뵽սĪЩڴ硣
֮
ڤ룬˼άƺܴ͸ʱգ͸ʣδ͹ȥץȡĳϢ
漶Եǿ֮ΪԽԽǿ󣬵ѾɶϤ
Ȼ۾ϣɱչصĵط¶֮ɫ漶Ѫ츳ôһͻƾȻֱͻƵ˻羳Žסٶȣòһ꣬ܽײˡ
ϣɵΪֹһǧ꣬ΪŵǰϵѾһһǿ
漶츳ӳɣϣֱӾӵʵߵʸ
ϣɳ֮ĵڶ죬ǿϣȥвϿˡ
뽪ܷһʽսλʦԪʼ̫ϾԼŮѧԺ
ѧԺսͶλӵսʦټϽλھ˧һշԼлȫûҪͶô߽ս
սѧԺ
ѧԺɵ֮ʦѧǾȫæµ״̬
޼ɡͨԼÿزɵսʿƴ˴Ǹڱ߽Ѳء
ʦǺѧҲæ
һصս˶ѧԺ󷨲ɹ̡
ȻһѧԺģǽڱϻҪչذ£޼ʦ˴ιʮڽҺԼʹʮսǳȡս档⣬ʽѧԺԳһʵֻڵ߾Գһ
޼ɵ˵ͷ֪ǳ˺ð¡
ϴʮֻһڽҺԼսɣѧԺʵõҲͲһɡһʮҺ˵ԳһĶõˣսĳɿ϶ҲٺŪѧԺȻɲù
˴ͳ˧ֻܿţǿɸԤ˾ľ
˵һ˼˵ҪԵڵЭᣬҲɱӺ˼ĿȻΪ˱ϴε顣
ؼ⻹ڹ֮ڣǲû취
ʱţת۾ʮȥ
ںսϵıﵽ˾˵İʮڣͶıҲﵽһʮ֮࣬˫ڲûֹͣ˼˫սҲ֮࣬ǰһǰ˴һ
棬ڲɹʮ֮Ϊ˷ֹй¶˺ܶĹĿǰʮѾʽںսսͶʹãյ˲ĻرѧԺҲ˵õ˴ֳ档
ѧԺפأʮǰ䶯ɵڻһδ
ɵսʿÿ첻Ǹܷѵոһգδжϡ
еɵսʿÿ﷦ζеȴûͦãÿ첻ɱУоãûбҸˡ
ֻʮڼ䣬ѧԺȥľþʹﵽʮڹѫ
ĵԴǲڼǩ˷ԼһѾǩ˶ʮꡣ
ɵսʿҲˣƺһӡ
ѧԺԤ֧ԴֻҪԤ֧һΣͣ
ԭܼ򵥣Ԥ֧һԴͻƾ磬ͲȥԤ֧ԴϽͻһ硣Ȼ΢ԴȱһЩͻоȥһ˹һʱĸӣÿѵģȻȥӣôҲȥˡ
ǵĽȷʵܴɵֻвһٸ˻ͣλ񾳽磬Ϊλˡ
Բ񾳽Ҳ֮ǰʮһ˱ʮˣˡԲ񾳽֮ǰʮˣڵˣʮˡλλ͸˵ˣ˳ˡ
ͬʱѧԺߣѧҲǽɿ졣
Ҧܡ졢֮ͻƵλ񾳽硣
ǿʼԲ񾳽硣
ѧǣ󲿷Ҳ½ͻƵλ񾳽硣

ʮܷҵǣԺҾɵԳʦˡʮ棬ɵÿһλսʿϵԲµλȫϰ󷨣ȡÿÿʱͻƣǵĽĺܴ󡣲Ϊͻƣѧϰô֪ʶֻսϲܼǵгɹ
ǳ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷǺðɣʹȥһгɹһҪǾʱҪ¶һǻûȫգɱﵣҪؼʱ򡣡
ܷ˵ͷɵ֮йЩҲǱܵģÿɵսʿǩ˱Լһй¶ᵼ顣
ɵİʮһɵɵʮɱ壬ˡ
ɵɵʮɱʮ˰ˣսˡ
ɵĵʮ꣬ɵϿȲʮס˰壬ɱ֮ˣһս𾪺ս

սĳ
Զ֮УһӰ˺ѿռ䣬˳
ӰһɫĶ棬ȫʶ̽˿ĿҲӦκϢ
ںӰ棬ˣһףһ˿
Ӱˣ˼һµҲ˵ôû²ҪϵҡϴҰǴѹѧԺͳ˧ȻѧԺʦΪ鷴Ҳ㱩¶һûкˣǸҵǵ㶫
׳˼һ£ϴһսʧȫΪѧԺ˵ѧԺһ֮͸ıսϵľƣѧԺȻҪѧԺȻѧԺھͳ˧ֻ˧ȻѧԺʦʵ̫ϣǰ֯ûеõϢô
Ӱ⻰ҲǳĬˡ


1791 ıѧԺ
Ϊ˧ʵʼϲ
ĬãӰڣǰ鲻˵ˣѾǾ˧ǾڣȻûܶ˵˵ǵĿģٻҹҪʲô
ʱ˿ڵҪʮͼͲ÷Դ˸ʮ֮ǵսʿءǺսʿһȶһ֮䣬ϴξƺֵʱѾһһսǸе𡣡
⻰Ӱüͷ
һһսŲס
Ӱ˼һµڻУһεʮϴεľƺ󣬾Ϊ˲ʮй˺ܶĹĲ˵ÿһʮͼͲ÷ľųԼǩԼΪˣⰲÿ춢ЩԼ飬˭Ұʮͼй¶ȥԼķӦһʱܲ
׺˿أû뵽
Ӱ룬ڵʵҲûа취ֻҪһʱ䣬һа취ŪʮͼͲ÷ġǾѧԺֻһʮˣҲϴǵõƺͼͲ÷һǧҵƽ֮ѧԺɵóһǿ󷨣ʱҪô죿α겻α
׺˿ǿЦǺγ֪Ҳû취
ʱ뵽ʲô˺Ӱ˵Ĳȷα겻αֻҪѧԺһ죬ҲͻԴԴĳսαõİ취ѧԺеѧԺһ֪ѧԺսѾλսʦټϽλԼѧԺλûгֵԺӦҲΪһ൱λˡȻ⻹һѧԺȫ˵ѧԺصĻмλսʦҲһ
Ӱ˵ͷ汾Դƻڣ޷͵⣬ѧԺ͸ܣǲǿߡɾֻλĻѾǺǿһ˵ѧԺصǿߣʵУ϶ҲٵĿϾ͹ĴѾľˣ޼ӵս񱾾ǷëǣѧԺںսϵǼλӦѾȫˡ
˿ҲúӰ˵ĺеһ֡
ʱǾѧԺʵҲ˸ءǰ֯ѧԺҪʲôۣ
ӰЩԾ׻ǳ֣ҡҡͷ˼ǰ֯ҲûʵĿǰǰ֮֯ҲֻλƾʵѧԺɹĸʻΪ㡣
˿̲סߵղŻ˵ʲôα겻αΪǲѧԺѧԺÿһ죬ǿܾмսʿΪǵ󷨶
Ӱ˿쭣Ҳ˼Ƭ̺ʵҲûа취ͿҲңԸԸ⣿
׺˿˿̶ɫһ䣬ЩڴĿźӰ
ӰʱҲӣҲûֱ˵ʵںսһмλ
˿һףֶԷͷ󣬻شʮλ
Ӱ۾Ŀǰһͳ˧ʮλ˧һλʮλѧԺλսʦҲϣǾǶʮλټѧԺλûԺԼټ軹ŵλһǶʮλֻʮλټǰ֯λҲͲŶʮһλ
Ѿüͷ㵽ʲô㣬ʲô˼
Ӱʱʵ˵ܼ򵥣ֻҪҴǣȫԽ˸ءȻֱȥڵϵѧԺǡֻĻǿɾ൱ڰҵϣǸô
˿Щԥ֪λش
ʱȴЦˣʲôҵģϴζѾѾƺͼͲ÷й¶ǣѵǣ˻ܿˡϴε鲻ɣ˵Ȼǰ֯ˣ˾ǹͬĵˣҲµĲ˵ƻʵӦǰ֯ϣİɡϾǽڽڰˣǰ֯档
ӰЦ˵Ǽ򵥣ʵҲһðռǵԭ򡣲֯ʵʩƻӵʮλСĻǰ֯һʮλʱ򻨷ѶʮλǣסսϵĶʮλʣµʮλֱѧԺѧԺǼԺصҲˣʮĵĻѹԵģѧԺɡѧԺٻصսѧԺʣµҲɱɾʱѧԺ˶ˣѧԺȻҲѧԺһΪСһ㣬ѧԺԺǶԸ
׺˿˿̶ǵһһƻ
ҪǳɹˣһݵĽѧԺΣ
׳˼˺һƻҪʵʩǿ϶ҪڶȫսȻֻҪѶʮŵǣסǵĶʮλȻԼĶʮλڳȥԮѧԺҪڶȫսʮǵʵ̫󣬵ʱսʿ֪Ҫ١
Ӱ˵ͷҪʵʩƻĻҿԸŪʮͼͲ÷˽ʮȾƺҪһ㣬ƽƺľ飬ƽʮ϶û⡣
׷ģǾûκˣһҪȥԪ۹ʹ˵۹ͳ˧ܸظ
Ӱû˵ʲôϾ֮УѾһ˵ˡ
ֵû⣬ʮͼͲ÷ʲôʱŪ
Ӱһ֮ɣҸоڶң֡
׺˿һ£һҲãⲻ
ӰʱҪ뿪ʵʩƻĻҪʲôۣ´̸ǰ֯Ҫۿ϶ˣϾǳλ˵һãҿܾͱ¶ˡ
˵ţӰʧˡ
˿Ƕǰ֯Ҳһ飬ıģ⻹ϴ׬һʣ̰ᡣ
û˵֪鲢ˡ
Ϊ֯ĵѾȫĲÿһ죬ںսϵľƾԽӱ
ʱ˵ˣҪһЩۣҲ۹һе߰ɣʣµǻȥ˵ֻҪԪ۹ʹ˵۹һͬ⣬Ķ⡣ȻҪĻܾλѧԺԺȽϼ֣Ҫҵһ֮ƥеĶֲС
˵ţҲ뿪ˡ


1792 飬
˶뿪֮һӰˡ
Ӱǣں˵˾ڼ֮󣬳˻ѧԺǼ죬ÿʱÿ̶ڼսôãץĺβˡ˻˭˵ϴδѹѧԺĲ룬ϴε˶˭Эð˿ģеЭФɭ̰˹ضˡû뵽ƺ˻һλͳ˧˼
ʵǿβȥпܾӰ˭
ûôΪӰռ뿪ҪǸȥռֻҪκһ˿ӰͿܲ˷ݾߣòʧȻиһ˼ǾһûᣬֻҪĺã϶ľˣȫԽ顣

˿ߺӰ˵ںսһʮλʵʮλ
ٱλȻȫΰ֯ˡ
Ǵɽ۹ռˣԪ۹ʹ˵۹ռˡˣҲǴɽ۹սÿ´һЩҪȴѾҪ۹ͳ˧ͬ⣬ȥ
׿һͳ˧ϸİӰ˵һ顣
ʱһƬȻ
˿֪˺𾪣ʱվ۹ԺսںսҲˣѧԺƹ㿪˵սʿѾʮڣռںսͶķ֮һҲƵһˣսʿǶѾҳսǱѧԺˣܾһȥͻ뵽֮УѧԺ֪ж󷨡ǿ룬ѧԺȥǻҪˣ̻Ҫô򡣡
⻰һͳ˧ǳĬˡ
ҲμӹսսսѹƵĶҳսģʷ϶޽С
ʱ򣬴˵۹Ϊ׵ͳ˧ĿǰѧԺĴھ˸ص谭ξƽʮ󣬿˭֪ǻܲóǿ󷨡ΪһݵĽ£ǾͱֱӴݻѧԺѧԺ󷨺ѧԺһᡣ
ĻʹŴ˵۹ʣµֻдԪ۹ˡ
ʱ˴Ԫ۹һӣһߣֽˡ
˸ɿһѧԺвȷʵ̫ǵоûͼͲ÷Ǿǻһʱ䶼ƽ⡣ҪǵһĻսѾ䵽ˡܸѧԺǴԪ۹϶Ҳֵ֧ġ
׺˿˵ͷ۹ĸ˶ͬˣͺðˡ
ʱ򲹳ȻһҪ۾һȫƾ۾˼һһҪ´Ǵɽ۹ٺͰ֯˻ʱ򣬱ҺͲ˵ʵҲǴɽ۹ˣ벨Ҳһ
üͷҪǲ֣ЩҪʹɽ۹սȨ˼
˼һ£˵ͷֻǴɽ۹һ֮ʣϾһսģСһΣҰʮսʿ棬۹ҲռʮڣҪΪǵ𡣡
׵˵ͷǺã´λһ֪ͨǡǻ¹ڰ֯Ϊμƻܹɹ֯ҪǵﵽʮλĿǰֻʮλλΣѧԺԺƶ֯ҲҪԸҪ˭Ը
ͽ˴ʱûмŻش𣬶ڰйͨ
֮һѵĴ۲඼һˣ˵ʵǲ
׿ǵ뷨˴һսǳɹǾһ˸أʱǵ֪һռ˽ʮǺ׵ġЩô䣬϶˭࣬˭ֵܷĸࡣ
λͳ˧ǲһƴƴΪ
ʱĳɹˣֵһ򣬴ʮĴ۶׬ˡ
ֻҪ˳ѧԺȻӦϣܴͻ˵ķߣô˸ءɣǴ˵۹λս棬Ҫɡ
üͷɿɲ١
ʱ򣬽ҲڵǴԪ۹Ҳλս棬ҲҪɡ
˿ʱ򿴲ȥˣߵĻǴɽ۹ҲҪλܵǴɽ۹ʮˣȴǸֻаˡ⣬ںսϵİʮսʿǴɽ۹ռʮڣҲŸռʮڣǲս̫ô
û˵ʵҲ˼
۹ֻôɻ
˼һ£Ǵ˵۹ڴսʼ֮ǰʮڡ
ʮڣǾܼʮڣﵽ˴ɽ۹ڵսʿ
׵˵ͷڴսʼ֮ǰǴɽ۹ҲʮڣܼͶʮڡǻǱǶʮڣҲǶˣֻսĻҲࡣǴԪ۹أĻõսֻɡ
һεǴԪ۹Ҳʮڣܿ˰ɡ
˿ʱ򰵰ͷսϵսʿʹﵽһʮڣ϶͸ˣϾ֮ǰǴͶıҲǰڶѡ
ȻҲǾܿԣǾǴɽ۹࣬ĳս棬Ǵ˵۹ʹԪ۹ɡ
˶ԴҲûκ¾ȷ
ʱһ⣬ѧԺԺôԸ
ʱЦһҾòõģѧԺԺǶ۹ҲȱǿߡֻҪһĶһ£ѧԺԺǿҲǶ֡ǴԪ۹һὨ۾ǲδ
δĵ֣λͳ˧һ
ǴԪ۹һλݽɫӵߵȼĽѪۼƻɱʮλ
׿г⣬Ǵɽ۹ĶսǷɱҲʮλһὨ۾ǲ
˿˵ͷгʸ񣬾Ƕ
ĲǴ˵۹ɿͨռ䷨ҲǶ
ϸһɣʱ۾һ
Ǵ˵۹һλ⽮һǴ˵۹۾ĵ֮һȻִ࣬ʵԲ
⣬Ϳʼϱ۾ȴ۾顣

˿̵ѧԺפء
Ҳͷ޼ϸ˵һ飺Эð˿ģеЭФɭ̰˹ضӦһǰ֯ˡӦþǲˣϴβŹ֪̽ڵȷ˭ûС
޼ɳ˼һ£ɫء


1793 ɵУڼ飡
Ҳ֪飬ϵһºһ¹ڴµĽչȴôҲϵϡ
ں깤֮Ѿ뿪ս
ҲûаǵҪһԼļƻ֮Ҳа֯ˣʱݾߣʹͰֹ֯˼ƻɾʹʧôõһλᡣ
սһʱƽڡ
ʱܷҵǣԺɵһ֦㣬սҾǶɵǺܳɹġɵֻʮˣۼսһٶˣѾʮˡ˵ʵʮʵ̫ˣսĻҲﲻǶɵĶλǻҲս򡣡
ϸ˼һ£֪ܷ˵Ĳ
һѧԺʮɱʮڶ壬ѪʯʯɽԼԳĳͶԼʮлʮˡ֮⣬ϴҲûԤϵѧԺǰúʮѧԺɱʮڶˡ
ڣ徯Ժܸߣϴɱô壬ܡ
Ժɵʹս϶ҲҪúԿ׼
ܷ˼ЦЦ˵Ĳʮ˵ɵȷʵ̫ˡ˻Գβ󲻵ʵв˵ĳκһֹʮˡɵԤƹģǰˣʵҲֻǸʮ֮һȻˣǾͿʼʽ齨ڶ֧͵֧ɵ
ܷȴǲ⣺Ϊʲôһ齨֧һӾʹչ˰ˡ˵ɵپǵʵܿһ˵š
󣬿ЦãǲҲ֪ιɵǿ󣬵ҲԴҳģȻɵսʿôͻƵľ磬ôװȫԴװֻʮ˵ɵۼͶԴͳ˶ʮڹѫǰ˵ĻֻҪʮѧԺҲǼп󣬸𡣡
ܷĬˣû뵽ɵôǮ
ڵɵȷʵǿʮˣսҪһ˵ӡ
ɵ֮УΪλЩɵսʿսҲսϵӣǾǲһô󷨣ܲܲ󣬾ŸܲþŹһٸˡһǧˡһˣ۶һǶó󷨣ɵսɵսʿ֮ԽԽĬɵսȲ
˷޼ɣܷ齨ڶ֧͵֧ɵ
֧ɵƶʮˡ
Ϊڵһ֧ɵĳɹ齨ڶ֧͵֧ɵϴηʮֹ
ϴ֮ڱʮǧˣһ֮ڱֱӾʹﵽİٶʮǧˣһһºɵǶپʮһȴﵽǧ
оųܲסԼˣһ֪˶ٴѧԺ
Ҳֻܱˣ˧ѧԺʦǻô졣
Գÿصģ˭ѧԺǣϴһĳսʿȥһθãȫȥˡ
˳£ͳһڣҪ֪һľҲһ˶ѣʲô
ǿϽ÷޼ǰֹ˱һȫѡʮҪģܱҲûʲô壬ؼۿҪŭˣѾ˸дͶߣ˵ѧԺڵҺսҪ󴦷ѧԺѧԺҪںսˣսȥС
ϴεѡι򣬺ܿѡ˶ʮˡ
һɵսʿǵԱϴߺֵܶ࣬һһյȻҲû츳ģϵ츳ȴһǧһʮˣȻԲΪҲﵽ˾˵İʮˣԲΪĸǴﵽǧһʮˡ
Դˣܷ⡣
ȴǺǺˣյĸ߽Ϊô࣬ѧԺҪͶԴҪ
ȻϣǷǷ
ԼеˣҹҲҪǸȻԺս϶Ҳܾˡ

ʱȥת۾һٶʮꡣ
ʮɵܷͳ£඼جΡ
ڵʮɵһдԲһٶʮһˣԲǧʮˣλʮǧİʮˣʣµҲȫλѾûλ
ڼ䣬ܷҪ齨֧ɵ֧ɵһǴûͬ⣬ѧԺˡֵһǣĿǰЩɵսʿٵһҲѧԺǩһǧķԼһѾǩ˾ŰʮꡣѧԺԤ֧ԴҲƣ˶ԼѧԺˣֱǩĵϣԺͶȱԴˡ

ɶɭǾʮžĽҲһλ񽫡
ⶼʲôиȽĵطɶɭʵ壬ҲսΨһһλ񣬶սʿҲȫġ
֪иֲͣȻĵҩڻвר壬ǣΪܵ˵ĸǻ˵ģɶɭܴսĺܿɹȻҲ˲˵Ŀ⡣
죬ûս¡
ɶɭúһǻûĻפضݲ£òפԶĵطûı壬һž޴аߣĸ뵽һҺ֮УʼȡЩҺʽ
˾
Ȼľֻ˧´ƽճȴʵеֵƶȣʮΪһڣλͳ˧תϾ˧ҲܲϢʮֵͳ˧̵İ˹ֵڼ䣬ȻΪıȡ˲棬ҲսϵĹˡ
ڰ˹ʱһӼҴҵĳ˽ͳ˧ǸظλԼʿոҷɶɭǩԼ˱仯
˹üͷһɶɭԼ䵽УĿʱЩ䣺ԼʵһݱЭпʮͼͲ÷ĽԼųǩɶɭԼɢź⣬ֻ˵һ㣬ǾʮͼͲ÷й¶ȥȻı죬ɶɭǺ˧˵Ǹڼ飬Ұ׽ùν͡
˵ţ˹Ӱһ뿪ˡ
һ·פأѯһˣȴǱ֪˹ȥչȥˣҿȥչӦȥʮͼͲ÷壬ӦҲ֪Լܻᱩ¶ԺܸܿͲٻ
˹ţִӡʱֻɶɭԼֱһȥ
͸ȥͬʱѶ˸λͳ˧ѶϢݡڼ飬ɶɭ
ܿ죬˹ҪɶɭչصĵطɶɭоһǿϢƽ
˹ʱҲɶɭȵɶɭû뵽Ǻ˧˵Ǹڼ顣ϴѾƺͼͲ÷壬һξȻʮͼͲ÷Ҳ壬ǲ֪浱Ǿǰ費ɡ
ɶɭһûи㶮״
ͣʱȴյһɶɭܣ̵İ˹ڹ㣬ĿʵΪץ㣬Ȼ˰̾ܶһλ
⻰ɶɭһʱˡ
Ϊ֮У˴Ѻõľ̡вʮλ岻ͻƵľ磬̵һλԲɱνӼ߰ߡ
ԥɶɭԶȥ
˹һɶɭߣⲻǲôһƾͳɶɭȥ
ɶɭΪͲ̫ǿһƿնõһӾͱѣ
ǰ㻹ߣǳ˵Ρ˵ţ˹Ҫɶɭסץ˵
̫ҾҲ̵óԸɶɭŭţϳǿҵȻ˹ûзӦֻһ죬ɶɭͻΪ˷ɻҡ
ɶɭˣԱˡ
ʱ򣬸λͳ˧̸ϵֻǿһĻ˶ɫá


1794 ǵĲ²⣬ȥǳˣ
Ӱһ˰˹ǰüô£
˹ʱҲӦ˹ߵɶɭǺ˧˵Ǹ󷨵ڼ飬һ彻ףȴǱҷˡұץסúһ˭֪ܲɣǽ֮¾ȻԱˡ
Ű˹ȴǲôš
澺ѯʵ˹ɶɭ⣬ǺսΨһһλ񣬴塣˵ڼ飬һҪ֤ݲУֻӲ²⣬ûκʵԵ֤ݣ϶ưոݡ
˹˵ͷһ鷳¡
һУԼУɶɭǩԼ飬츺Լʿǰ˵ɶɭԼ쳣ӦһԼɢź⣬жϳɶɭӦҪʮй¶壬Եȥɶɭһ·ѰʱɶɭվӦڵȴˡѾ˵ˣ־ܣȴתܣ֮һƴ塣ʱӦҲ֪ԼɣԾԱˡ
λͳ˧겻ѣɶɭû뵽ȻǸڼ顣
ӹɶɭԼ飬ΪɶɭˣԼҲ׷ˣ֮ǰǲǱ˼Ƭ̺鷳ȥѼԼʿҹ
á
Ӧһû˵ʲô
˹ȴǾòˬ֪ǽ˵Ļ
ʮ֮λԼʿ͵ˡ
ֽ򣬸ոͻƵԲ񾳽ûá˿սսģҴһ¡
ЦЦôţֻһ顣ɶɭԼȷ쳣İɣѵʱϸ˵˵Ҫκε
˵ͷϸһµλͳ˧ʱģһѲλԼͻȻɶɭ񽫵Լ鷢ҫ۵ĺ⣬һ֮¾ѣ֪ǳ˴¡ҵ飬ҵһʱȥ˽ھֵİ˹ͳ˧¡˹ӹɶɭԼ鿴һۣɫҴ뿪ˣӦȥɶɭˡ
֮ûзκ©
ӦûѣĿɶɭԼ쳣ֻǵǲΪɶɭҪй¶ʮŷĺ⣬ͬ޷̽Ѱˡ
üͷɶɭսսҲһǧ꣬Ȼûʲô󹦣Ҳ㾤ҵҵҼǵϴһսֻΪȵĵߣսʮսʿս˻õ˾ļν治֪ʲôɳ󷨸壿
˿û˵
˹˿ȴЦʲôֵģһɶɭģ˭֪˸ӵĺܣɶɭսΪ˱ǡ󷨳壬ܻõԴǺģɶɭ˳ʮԪ˭֪ǲǾͻһѡ
⻰˵ͷ
ͳ˧Ȼû˵Ҳð˹˵Ļмֵɶɭڶȫ˵ùȥġ
еЭĿФЦЦԲҾð˹ͳ˧ûκεĹһʱҵɶɭ˵ɶɭͺ˽ףʮͼͲ÷й¶塣ɶɭڼˣҲİˡ
ɭҲǸŵ˹ͳ˧ûκΥĵطҵһ󹦡
˵ͷȴ뵽һ飺ɶɭԱˣĴָأ
⣬ȻԱˣĴָĽױԴĲϴģû𻵡Ҿ̽Ĵָ沢ûʲôмֵĶ˹˵ŰɶɭĿռָ˽
һʣ˹ɶɭĿռָˡ
Ҳи˼Ҳ˹ΪʲôɶɭԱһʬ𼣡
̽һɶɭĿռָȷʵûʲôмֵĶǾ˹ֺ֮ĿռָǲʲôҲ޴ӵ֪
ʱɣΪ漰壬ԲС¡һʵվôϣǲǻҪٵ飬һеȾĻظɡ˵꣬Ӱһ뿪ˡ
ҲǸ뿪ﶼף֤֤ţɶɭѾˣΪʮõĽý˾ǺܲҲë

ȥ֮󣬽ҵǡ
֪⣬Ѿ֪ˣҲ·ĵط̽ջ񲢲˵ʵҶû뵽ڼֶΣ˴󵨣ؼҵһѵϲʮͼͲ÷ӦѾ͵ˡ
˵ͷҲ֪ɶɭֻһѡ
ϾǿǿӹǸڼģѾڼ˾λͳ˧֮УɶɭȻС
˼һµҸողѯһɶɭѫĶһ¼ȶһĴָոնһһҺʧˣĸ˵ɶɭʱǳȥģӦò١ΣɶɭܵʱܵķǾڵķλڼ飬ܳžܡɶɭʱԼĻǡ̫ҾҲ̵óԸ⼸̵ֱָİ˹ͳ˧ԣɶɭڼ飬ܾܿ˹ݺ˹ڼ飬ҲǸ֯ˡ
üͷоݡ
ǰ˹ֵڼ䣬ɶɭɶɭԼֽźסɶɭǰǳžȥģ᲻ɶɭʱͲ˰˹ڼ飬ȥȡһɶɭĺЩ֣˵ʲô̫Ҳ̵óԸ⵽ʲô˼
Ժأǲ˵ѯʵ
ʵô̽һɶɭʱڳӦˡ˰˹ɶɭ֮⣬ӦûһڳҵǾ˲ڼ飬ɶɭʱĺܿΪܵ˵Ӱ죬Ҳ˸ɶɭʲôҲɶɭ죬ȻɶɭûֱĻֱһԲͿʼܡǻĲ²⡣
һڳޱȡ
ˣɶɭڵĵʮżŹĸͳ˧Ͻʵ
ӦЭЭ嶼вٵǶһ磬ҲٲͨЭнס
ŶӦһЩڼ˭ĵڶƻӦǳɹˣƽʮ󣬵ʱ͸öˡҲһЩ׼ˣҴȥһǳ磬ɺɺú̸̸˳ǳ˹
ǳ磬۾һ


1795 ˴ʥʣ˳ͣ
ǳ磬ҪϤĶࡣ
˼һ£ǵԺҪǴȥǳˣҽԺһҪŸ˽ǰ˴ʥʣǶǶʵƥе˶࣬ǻӵ鱦ǿױԴҲ֮˵㼶λʥʲ㼶ÿһ˵սʵͽû㼶񡣰ֵĻľˮⰵװ˴汾ԴͰ֯˵ʮλٷҲֻ
󣬰ͷ
˵İ˴ʥʣҲ֪
˴ʥʷֱʥܻƿԴ顣ʥʽƿذԴ飻ϼʥʶľƣƿعԴ飻ʥ֣ƿػԴ飻ʥƿˮԴ飻ʥľգƿľԴ飻ʥʻʸƿؽԴ飻Լʥ̨飬ƿԴ顣
ʱ˴ʥʾǰ˸ˣеһСʦ񳵺ԯڵĳԯӦûûгΪ𣬻ֻһλ֮ϣԺܰѳԯʵǿӦѾƳ鱦棬ǾױԴķн㼶ˣ֮УһҲֻӵС
ԯ֣ʱ۾һ
˳ԯѧԺȱʲôҪ֪ѧԺʵûһ㼶
ԯ̫ؼˡ
ʱҲֻȻĸоʵֹ񳵺ԯԯǳһʦ֮ڶĽŷҵӣĽľ磬ʵҲԡ衯ѧԺǽѧҲãרŸѧԺҲãԲ˷ѡ
ǰѡ衯ҧĺأоκɺɹҪѪ
ҪŷӺͶľҲһ赽ѧԺǾ˫޳ɵġ
˻ϲΪǾ񣬶Ȼ޷Ƴ׵㼶Ҳǳĺ鱦ĽױԴȴǿԵġһĽױԴıֵܲǮƳһĽױԴķҲҪֵǧڵĹѫ
ֵʦǳ绹˭ȽϺʵģ
ɿһ֪Ǵʲô⣬ѵǳ˶ǵ޺ѪɽѪŮ˫򵺵Ҳԡ֮⣬׷ѰľѰͨʸ
һʣһ˵ǳһ顣
ǵ˵ͷţҶˣǲ֪òý衣ɺڿǺ˵ѧԺҦܵѧ˵ڰѧԺ⡣֮ǰԼҪ嵽ѧԺˡ
ڨڨ֪ô˵ˡ
ǳλѧԺ⣬ԺҲûٴ˼ҵɣΪѧԺʮλѧɺˣԻѧ
ֻѧǳѧҲǳѧǳģ˭

ʮ֮󣬾Ǳ߸˻ظ
ȻǴҲ²һͬ϶ɶɭǸڼ飬ٲ顣
ȻҲ֪ɶɭΪڼ飬Ǵ鷳
Դ޿κΣȻ֪ɶɭֻǸҲģϾѾ漰⽻ϵˡ
һ¶ʱͳֱԵʵҲܲͲǡ
ΪˣһʮͼͲ÷Ѿй¶飬Ҳûˡ
ڼ鶼ҵˣɱˣ˵ʮͼͲ÷й¶ȥˣûᱻΪǱģǲѧԺûǮˣˡ
ѧԺʵҲá
˽Ľ飬϶ʮͼͲ÷Ѿй¶ʱѧԺ϶Ҫóһµ󷨸ᵼֹͣƻѧԺıҲˡһк˳ֻҪƽʮܷʽ֣һٴݻѧԺֱ˸أʱǾ͵ѧԺɣһսѧԺҲԻľˡ
ȻһЩ
øҪäĿ󷨣ʱʮƽ׼ÿһԽʮƽ⣬Ҳϴæң֪ô졣һͳ˧ҲֻΪǽΪ˷δȻս²Ǻܶ࣬Ҳû˵ʲôˡ

սĳ
һӰ˺ѿռ˳ȥǰ۹ĸסԼˡ
ȿڣǸȻŪʮͼͲ÷ʵ˿ȫƽ󷨣ƽƺľ飬ò˶þƽʮ󡣡
Ӱ԰ʵҲգƻܳɹҵҲϴˣֻǿǸĵùҪ־͹̫ʺϵˡͿˣҵ֮Ͱռƻս
˶ǵ˵ͷҲ㸲ѧԺ
ȻѾõʮͼͲ÷ǰ֯ĳأӰ˼һ£ѯʵ
⡣ʱһӣһռָ˺Ӱ
šӰռָ鿴һĶĵ˵ͷסֻǵһ׶εĳͣҴǽ뵽˸أǸҪ֧ǰ֯ڶ׶εĳͣѧԺ֧֮ǰ֯׶εĳ͡
׵ͷǺõġ
ڳʵϴһκηУֻ֯ҪҺ
ϴγƺͼͲ÷֯һҺһεһ׶εĳʮͼͲ÷ȻһڽҺڶ׶δ˸أһЩֻҪʮڽҺĵ׶θѧԺǸߴڽҺϾ֯ҪλģۼİʮڽҺɹѫĻҪǧڵĹѫܶһ
ϸ̸һºļƻ뿪ˡ
뿪֮ڰеҲ뿪˴˵أΪʱԽԽȣǴȥʽȥǳˡ
ѧԺפء
ǰͽ˵һ飺Ӧúܿƽʮ󣬶꣬Ҳʮꡣʱٴηȫսڵӥ·϶ص㣬Ҫȷ򡣱ϾļƻѧԺ֮ЩͰ֯ҪصսѧԺʣµҲɱ⣬ȷѧԺ󷨸һ𡣡
˵ͷһΣѧԺҪϴһӥ·ǰúôôǲǻҪȥ̩޾ų̩õʦƵ֮ͱչͻȥˣڵ߾ŵľųһ˵˴
ǳ˼һ£ҡҡͷûôɵ϶ϴɵĳ塣Ҹҿ϶Ϊ˷ֹϴεıݣ߾Ӧͱ˶ˣһϢ϶ͻᴫ档һǲǰ󷨣ûãֱʮɵóĵҩҺʱ˲˲ɵϰ˰Ҳóˡ
ͷʮɵҪǲҲԹһġ
ѧԺ󷨵ڣǵڻǶһ֪⣬ǹƶ뵽󷨻Բòྦྷ


1796 һǧ꣬ˣ
Ǿûκ֮뿪˺ս
ϵ
ٴμۣ㻹ǵҸ˵ҪһôѾһȫĴ㣬ƻɹ֮ϵõΪϵ־ʱҲջ޴󣬽־Ӧöʮþȡ
һȻյѶϢ
ʱۼĪ
ЦЦ֪Уʱ׼ȻҲҪУСİԼŻˡʵҲڤ㣬Ȼڤػڤ磬ҪôߵΪĲ̫ҵԹԡ
ס
ڤȻһ־ҲԼ˼άԹԸ֡
ñе־аԼĶС
ǻصѧԺ֮УӰһǳ硣
ڵǳԱ֮ǰƼĺۼⶼĹҲϲΪ൱һλǿʵȷ޼ɡͨЩ٣󷨺裬ҲѾŷӺͶľ磬ѾƳ鱦ųԯľ翿£
ɺȻҲ֪𣬵ûӸ棬ɳɳֱΪǱȼĴڡ
ǻôԪʵҲܹµҲϣܳǱȼˡ
һǳ磬Ϊƿߵ׾Ͳˡ
ˡ
׵͸磬ȻһӾͰǸȡ˺ɿռȥ
ڨڨǴҡڽģôҸ͵ƵģţˣӭôҽƲԣҪٽһΣ
׿ЦãôƤô
ɻ˻֣˵ɣЩ㳯ʮѧԺѧȲ˵㻹ǸѧԺо˺ü⡣ʲô۷׵ĿԺ;취۷ںϵںġĵȽԼЩͷǻһ㶼
ڨڨǶҪΪѧԺʦģֻǰʹԺȨѡ
˵ӣԹԲС
ҲǵǵѸ򹤵ˣҴѧԺʦʵҲнʵģҪôнʽһ£
ǶʱɥҪʣҸô
˽쿴бҲ֪ʲô⣬Ǵô˵
ɳ˼һ£ȻйԼһ֮ʹȥ˵ǸάȵȥòѾѧԺѧʦ֪ˣ㵱˵Ļټ٣ʲôάȣѡ˵ʵǵǱƭˣһ̫ˣѧԺѧɳٶ̫죬Ŷ꣬Ѱɣڶʵˡ
ǲ֪˵ʲôãڲŷԼϵƭˣǲЩ̫ˡ
ʱЩŭӵǿ飬ǵаΪǸҳ趨ǵˡǲ֪ǸҳֻһǸȽС˵ߣһֱȽˮȽϿӵߡ
ⲻɷŭ˭һⱻˣҲ̫ˣǵǰ׳ء
ɻһ㣬ϸ룬ʲôڸݡҳд飬Ȼ棬Ҳп˸ԼɵľЩݸǸҳˣдǳ顣
ǳĬ̫ˡ
һмеľѧ⣬˭˵ء
֪ҲڽƱ磬ε֪ʲôұ֤һ˵ʵ˰ɡ
ɺɻ࿴һۣĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ֪ıõģΪԼΪǽɣⶼǰԼµĴҧҧ˰ɡ
ɳ˼һ£ȿڵҾһ⣬ǵǴģ˭һУ֪Ķǡ
ȻһҪҪô
Ƕϵͳ棬ܽôʮа˾ǻϵͳʲô
֯һԣʵʵ˵˵ʵҲ޷ͣǿΪҲ֪ʵӦһûʸ֪ǵ񾳽磬ӦþŪôˡ
ǵĲ²⣬񾳽һϵͳʲô
⻰ɺɶ̾һȴûôʧ䣬ƺҲǵ֮С
ʱôȥ˵ȥ֪ûͬ⣬޷档˵ʵǵ棬ҲԼܲ⵽ô¡
ǳĬˣóѧԺԼúɺǩˣƸѧԺ
̫
ɺһѧԺԼƣʱѧԺʱᱻĳըѧԺըɷ顣
ϵͳĽӵΪٰѺɺյѧԺ
Ŀǰǻֻ磬һЩ
ܲϵͳԺɺɻǺηģʵ˵Ѿܶϵͳв
ǲžõԼΪӦþ֪ϵͳʲôĴڡ
˼һ£ǻҪٵһ£ǰ˵һȷʵ̫ˣұ֤һǧһǽ档
һһǧ꣬úɺɶ۾һ
ЦЦһǧ϶Ϊ񣬵ʱѺɺǩˣˡ
ɵ˵ͷãһǧһǧꡣ
ɺ˼⣬Щͺûشˡ
һһشû
ɺɶû֮ʱ΢΢һЦ㿴Ұǽʱһ̵һǧ꣬شô⣬ǲҲҸСæ
ɺɵ˵ͷһСæҲν
ǺٺһЦʵСæǽ˸£һЩˣемܲסǵ֮ǿ߲٣Ҿͽ㣬ľǽ裬ǰҴܣһͻ
֮ЩЦãðɣ˭
ʱ򼸺ѿڶʥܻʥʽϼʥʶľơʥ֡ʥʥľաʥʻʸʥ̨顢񳵺ԯ޺ѪɽѪŮ˫⻹׷ѰľѰͨʸ
ǰּһ飬ɵˡ
ⲻǽˣҪˡ
ôְɣǿɣƤĺ
費裬İܽĶ˵һ顣
޷⣬λȥ
ʲô㣬Ūˣ綼Ҫҡû˵ʮûС
ʮǰЦֻܽ赽˴ʥʺͳԯͲˣڿܶһǺãʮʮҾͽ˴ʥʡԯԼɡ
ˣ⻹һ㲻Ķ֮бȽǿģҲ֪˵軹ü


1797 Ʈ裡
ǰ˴ʥʣǹϵת
ƺɵ뷨Цõĺƿ߲˵㻰ɣҪҲˣҲʡΪѡһսҪ˱ɱʲôģһǧ֮δǽˣʱҲһҪ½С
ɺǷˣⲻˣô
׳ĬƬ̣ʹҽ軹ôǰ飬Ǹͻ
ǵ˵ͷӦģ֮һͻҵǻŲ
ɺţ֪˵ʲôˣҪ˵ŲǲѶûˡ
׻ǱȽģӦ֮ͺĵƮһͫˡ
൱
ǿƮʱ۾ǻȵġ
Ʈʱȴ֣⵽Ǻ˾ȻԼʦ˵ЦʦԪǵһμ
ɿƮԸάλѧԺԺҪʮˣһʮ˸ߡʲôģһԲ˵С
˵ţɰ˿ά
ά˵ͷǣʦ𡣡
ʱ⣺λҾˣʱǡ
ɺɵҲֱӣǸ˵껰ͰͿάһ߳˺ɿռ䡣
ֻоʱձãǿЦãôżѵҶǼں֮Ͳˣǹŵġ֮ȷʵһڶһҺ̺ˡ
ԱߵĿά񲻾Ѿһ亹ϻʲô˵ƿ߶ұڮ١
ʱЦеĿǰλɵĵӣάΪɵĵӣһǸİɡҲˣٳһΪƿ߻ûܣΪ㣬֪ôôһ¸һɣҴʶһ磬Ĳ˵㵽һ˿ΪƿߵĻᡣ
άûκεľϲǾš
ǲҪˣŸո뿪ɿռ䣬žҪʦǽǣ
ɿռ֮Уֱҧ޳ܣ޳ܣҵĵӶǰɣֱǿ
ЦֻǶɵ棬Ϳ˵
ά˼һ£֪ҲﲻģίܾлԺʢ飬ȻҲ˵һ˿ΪߵĻᣬҸ̷ʦߡҶԼڵһкˣʦңȻԶ뿪ʦ档
զ࣬һıĹƻɸ˺ü졣
ƻά񲻳ɣһЩеûģ˵ž˶Žɽ
άʱ΢¶һϢӣֻɽ֮оͷɳһˣǶʥʻʸ
ʸɫ˿ۣƷǷһάƮ𣡡
ӣƮη硣
Ʈ˵ͷһзʸΪ֪ͨһ飬ɽ١˴ɽʮгΪʸ񣬷ֱǰ˴ʥʣ޷Լ񳵺ԯΪȷ֮вҿԸǴһǰλԺôֻҪһ񣬻֮ǰʮɽ
⻰ʸˡ
ɽⲻܣʮвϢʵ̫ˡ
˵϶ţƮ֮ǿҲϵһλڡң֮ܳΪƮͻȻ֣ųȫң𣬲ȻңΪܡ
һҲǾˡ
ǿάĸ֣һʵˣǺ˵˵Ƶġ
ֲôģԼұһɣǳʵ
ʸ桯ţޱȣĻʮ֮в
άߵһƭ㣬ܲǰɽζʲô˴ɽ٣鱦ηɳʮһΣǰʮ꣬ζ鱦ĵһֱض䵽֮С˭ˣѾΪ֮һˡ
ʸ𾪣ֲ˵ҪǴһʵʵơ
ɷֺһʲôˣʲôʸǵԸλԺ񣬶лƮλᣬǸм
άû˵ʲô˻־ʹȥһҡ
һ·˳ԯǼһе㲻ϵļֱ˳Ĳ񻰡
˶㶨֮ǶԿά뿪ʱһʱĻһҪȥһˣǶлˡ
άЩǳ֣Ҳæ֣ĸ͡
һ·Ѿά棬ЦЦ뿪ˡ
ǣջǴһǳء
ǵĵһʱͲˣźѡԼӭ˳
ǼǵӦúþûлѧԺˣڵæŴ棬Ȼ׼ӭȢԼδŽ
Ժˡǣ˷ܡ
ǣҲģϾǲϵĵһʦ
ЦЦ½һˣˣߵʱһ㡣ǰλǽɣܲĹʦûٸ
ǣ΢΢
룬ֳŽһ㣬ڡŽص䡷ݾʹ˽
ԣЦЦҲûн͡
֪ⲻǸģԺĶ˪츳ãʵΪ˪׼ġ
𻹲֪һУЦãҲһѧԺ֪ѧԺ齨ɵ֮ҾһЩʽԺȻˣ˳߰ɡ
οѡ
ǿƵıĿֱ̫ˣһʱûзӦ
ԭ֮ΪˮƽƵĿй֮޲
ѵ涼ʽװÿһ׶ͷסսѥɣÿһֶһԴһʮױԴװʮױԴװԼһټĽױԴװ
̲סһ¡
ÿһװǶɣƾһٰʮױԴʮױԴټĽױԴ
ǻսϵĹѫټֵڹѫѧԺϴɱʮڶ壬þĹѫҲŲһٶʮڡ
ʾлʱȴЩ˼һЩĽױԴװģƵĲϲǺܺңҲֻôࡣĽױԴױԴĿǰҲֻԼãҲûѧԺ
û˵ʲôֻижСѾĺܺˣҴѧԺл㡣
˵ţǸһӵ
պЩװǶڼһսˡ


1798 ʮλʦ
Ǻһ죬׼ȥˡ
磬ĳ
ʥܻʥʽϼʥʶľơʥ֡ʥʥľաʥʻʸʥ̨顢񳵺ԯ޺޷һһ֡
λʥԼڳԯܳΪǺ𾪵ġ
һҲҪ֮λǲЩ̫Բˡ
ʱǺƮˡ
˴ʥʴ˿̶ڰ˽Ƕûи㶮ԺǺˡ
ƮǣԺǾͽˡ
ǵ˵ͷģԼԸȻһһʱͰͻ
Ʈһܸо⻰ʲô壬˶ȥˣҲûϸ
ǿʮˣ⡣
ʵֻ赽˴ʥҲԹãͳԯ֮ϲ
ǿ˿ƮȻȥˣлǽǾ뿪
ƮһֻΪҪ˵һЩ飬ʶȤľ뿪ˡ
ǿƮԶ󣬶ʮ˵һȥһǲҪʲôȵǸ֮˵ȵһ£һеȥȥܿ졣
˵ţӰһʧˡ
ŰСʱץˣϸһŷҵӺͶľ硣
ʮ˿һĻˣȥʲôˣôץˣѯʣѾߣǵΪľͲҪҴȥһ񣬵Ȼ˵Ǿˡ
˵ţһȺ˻ûзӦʧⷽ档
ɿռ䣬ɿʧĵط̲סƿڴ޳ܣ̫޳ˣʮ˵ߵʱôץάʲôԵģҲ㶢ô
άʱ亹ֱû뵽ô˵ˣȫǲô
̲סЦԺ϶ǿҿץˣһڶʦŷҵӣһʦľ磬ӦѧԺȱƱץǹȥ
ɵ˵ͷӦþô¡

ѧԺ
˴ʥʡ޷ԯԼûи㶮״ŷӺͶľ磬һ͸оһİС
ԲϤǸ档
ʱǣЦЦӭ棬ѧԺԺǡϲǣõҪʼˡҾ˵һǵʵܼ򵥣͸ѧԺʦѧôǲǾú˼
϶ɵۡ
˵ǿУܵôƸǵʦʲôô˵õĲһ
ʵϣȥ˵ʱͿǺˣν˿϶ǲỹȥġҪЩ˳ΪѧԺʦϾǿʮͻȥԺȥֻҪΪѧԺʦǽúõرѧԺǶԸͰ֯Ҳκ⡣
˴ʥʡԯԼ޷ǵ˵ͷԭô¡
ΪʦӦþǽڵӵ˼ʲôȽڵĲˣȥǰɽʮֱ̫꣬ˡ
ֻϼʥʶľƴ˿Щɻ󣺡Ժ˵ʮ˲гΪʸôôŷҵӺҶӶľҲˣѵҲгΪʸ񣿡
Ҳˡ
һЦ⵹ǣǣֻǸģƷΪѧԺȱʦҾǹæΣ̽ѧǲҪ롣˵ǲϲΪгΪʸ񡣡
һ뵹ҲǣŶô
ŷӺͶľ˿̶ǿЦãƷʲô
ʱһӣʮԼ飺ǵѧԺڿΣҪǩһƸεԼ顣ǷԼκαԼֻѧԺν̰ϣҾˣʱǾͿԻصԭ磬ҾԲǿǡ
˵ţǰԼ鷢ȥ
ǿѾܸоԼ֮뵽Ʈ˵ǻʵʵǩ֡ŷҵӺͶľ磬ǿʮλǩˣҲǩֻøԼǩԼ֣ʽΪѧԺʦ
ǿʮ˶ǩ֣̲סе⣺󹦸ɣһǳûȥ
ʮǩԼ֮͸оԴ֮жһЩѶϢǿİѧԺҲĪĳиУƺǵļҡֿ˿ǣ鲻Խľ뺰һԺԺ֮ƺһڸǣˡ
պԼ飬ٺһЦλʦ԰꣬Ѿǽһµô¡ʡ߻ʣǵ磬˳ǽһѧԺԼԺĹ
䣬ʺ߻ʾЦݵĴ˽

һº
ǳʮ˲ǽԼڵĴȷʵǳˣһΪ硣ЩģﻹŻȥϾȥ֮лΪġǵ˽֮ҲûȥˣɵҪǳ硣ǳƴƴһܳΪ𣬿ΪĻᶼС
Ĭģʮ˶ȥˡ
֮Ǹ˰˴ʥͰ֯ҪѧԺ顣
ߣѾȫѧԺʦĽɫ
һ£ΪԺͰ֯ʮǰ˴ʥʲ鱦ܻ棬ʱȥѳο
⻰Ǻ⡣
˴ʥֳԭ˴Դ֮޵еġ
ʮ
۹ͳ˧ȫۼһ顣
˿ˣѾƽʮʮϴεľƺҪ򵥲٣ʽչǵһƻˡ
⻰λͳ˧ǵ˵ͷ
ʮѾ⣬ǽѧԺ˸ؾҲûκϰˡ
վ˳Щ½ĿǰںսϵıԤƵһѾﵽһʮڡǱҲڲڵıҲﵽ˶ʮڡߵѾȫλƶʮλ֯ǱߵλҲȫ׼սϵԼսƶʮλȻѧԺǱԤƿλ
˶ţӦþˡ
׿ûʣƻǰ࣬ߵĶʮλóʮλǣסսϵĶʮλ޷ȥԮѧԺΪںս˵ǶʮλʵλѧԺʦֻսѡô˵ΪǺЩģʵռݺܴơ
˵˵ͷһһĻѧԺλӵսʦ϶䡣
׳һ£ΪϴμѧԺǼλʦ֣ûҲ浽ΪѧԺλʦ˲һһռӦǿ϶ġ


1799 սսװ
׻һ¸λͳ˧Ҫ⣬ȻξѧԺǱˣǻλͰ֯λһɱϵѧԺ˼ƻδһλҽѡͨɱıǵʱ˵Ч
ϸ룬ûзԡ
һԣһĿĽȴЦ鷳һ˹ȥѧԺαô֣ҲǲŰѧԺô£ȫС
һ˿˵Ӻδ֪ʵǿۼնɱʮλС޴
δĺһǳʮλʮλӽʮλ
׶ʱһΣôô
ֻ˵δָ߰ɱĿݲñ˺
ʱɽ۹ĶԲô˵Ǹ߹ֵʵܱȵ͹ǿѧԺԺʵҪǲôǾѸٽսȻϻ֧ԮǡѧԺԺʵǿǾһΧһʱɱĥҲĥ
ɵ˵ͷѧԺʣֻǷδȻҲܺãѧԺսںսѧԺֻһԺʮ˹ȥɾǻʮһɵúܡ
˰ͷǾ̫ˣʮһʲô
ʱЩûĻϸ˵һǵļƻһڶȫսһǲٴȺǺӷͻƣǼбӥ·ͻơڶսϵǣסԺδǱ߾ͿʼѧԺлԴΪ˲Żҽ鵽ʱϵҲһݻ١ѧԺϵ󣬰֯λսѧԺʣµ˽նɱĲһ˳Ļʱ˳ƾʹӥ·˸أռƬʽս˸ء
˶ǰͷƻûʲô©
һ⣺ΪʲôŴȷͻƣȺɽ򣬴֣ǾĿ档
ЦЦ͵ԭһϴδս֮˰ٷ֮ʮϵıȷߣҪǻѡͻƣҪѵʱ䳤󡣵ڶҲҪģӥ·ѧԺڵɽʮλѧԺֻһСʱܻԮγӦ֮ơȷȴҪСʱǺӷҪСʱ
ϸ˼һ£Ҳúе
ʮλһսǵСҲܸͻ˵ķߣսžá
׿˶ûɻ󣬵˵ͷǺãһȥͿʼսһ˳Ļǲʮ֮ͻᷢƻʮ棬סʮƽⷽ

ѧԺפأѧԺʦڡ
ǳϢѾƽʮ󣬽ʮƽ֮Ӧþͻʽڶȫսʱ䲻̫ʮ꣬ʮꡣ޼ʦѧԺߵ˵һ¡
޼ɵ˵ͷҪıʮɵĿǰʮɵһдԲһٶʮˣԲǧһʮˣλʮһһǧİʮˣҲȫλҺͨʦʮɵס壬ҪһСʱܰ󷨵ȫɱ
ǰ㣬һСʱɱ壬սСʱʱɱ߰Ӧò⡣
һʮ壬ѧԺɱʮڣҲ޷ãҪ˵Ķʮڴ
˼һ£һǰһĽױԴװһٶʮױԴװԼһѵĶױԴװЩɵĸλսʿǵġ
ȻƵװ
˵һĽױԴװȻǸܷģһٶʮױԴװǸɵһٶʮλԲġ
޼ɲϲ֣ɵװ˱ԴװĶǶױԴװսٿɡ
޼ɵʦЩĽˡ
Ǹɿһλʦ԰꣬ﻹһЩĽױԴװױԴͶױԴװЩǳԯʦЩƵģСƵƷҪһЩСƵЩֻͷסսѥڼ棬ԯʦƵЩͷסսѥϥ󡢻ۡսѥӵȫλĹЧһ
⻰ʦǾϲѡ
˵ͷԯʦƵװЧʵѾһͽױԴ޼ʦͨʦʦʦʦܻһЩ࣬ǴһĽױԴװˡԯʦװ֣Ľ׵ıԴװսװ׵ıԴװսװױԴװսװ
սװ
սװ
սװ
֮࣬ҲЩС
ȴǿЦǶ˵̫磬ޣսװֻʮףսװֻʮףսװҲֻһס
Ŷ꣬ԯƳôʵѾˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôֱӰЩװ˷޼ɣȥ䣬첻ЩװľֻƵĵ汾Դװ
˵һ¾ɢˡ
ɵٳսԼѵΪɣ׵ߣʵ͵͵װʼս
ʮ֮󣬺սĳ
סڵȴţʱһӰ˺ѿռ䣬˳
׿Ӱ󣬳Ѿȫ׼ʵʩڶ׶εļƻˡ
Ӱ˵ͷ׼óͣһǺӷǵλ˸ء
ףЩ㵽˭˾λͳ˧
ӰһüͷȻһЦ֪ˡ
˵꣬Ӱʧ
ҲǸ뿪ˣһֱעһеǴ˿ҲǺĺܣڼ鿴Ҫ¶ˮˣ̵Ǹ˹ô
ȥ֮ǵһʱҵ˽սףȥѣΪȥҪ̲ܲ飬ΪľǷֹ롣ڼǾͳ˧û˸Ҳű֤Դ˽˸ءĻֻҪ⼸λͳ˧Эð˵ĿģеЭĿФɭ̵İ˹˵ضˣӦþȷ˭ڼˡ
䣬ڼ˴ο϶Ǳ¶š
ڶ죬һжһƺûκε쳣
Ǻӷ˻۵һ飬Ȼһ·˳Ľ˸ء
һ֮
յ˽ĴѶԺǸڼˡ
Ǵ˿̶̲סʵ˭
Ĭ˺ܾãһ֡


1800 ֯ս
ǿ֣̲סüͷ
Ϊָָλͳ˧֮УȷʵҲһλ
˽أðϴսսĵڶλ
ǳ˼һ£Ѷȷλشλ˸أûпðñȰ˹ϾλڼͰ̸֯׿˵Լ˴ѹѧԺ飬صʱ֮Уôܲ˴¡
˿ҲЩɻ󣬲ǵǵģȷشλǺӷ˸أ֮⣬Ҳκսʵ⣬ǲ֮йĶλͳ˧ѧԺ˴ѹҸոðЭһλѰвһ£߶ؾǺͬð˵Ŀͳ˧죬λͳ˧ˡ
˴˿̶ǳĬˣʵʼϲ
̲ס۾߶
֣׷һŶģӰӰźǿϵ
ǲһⲻǸÿͷڼ飬˼ˡ
ʱǺӰƺʲôһɰԵ֮г˳˲ݻǵ֮
üͷȻˣڵҲԿ϶ˣڼһˣˡڼ֪ԼܻţԾس֣Ȼͳ˧ҲһλսҲû˸̲ʵҲãֻһڼ飬һҵ׬һ
ǰԼóĽ۸˽
һЦǰ˵ʵʵҪԶǿ壬ֻڲŽᣬһпϷıԵñͳģһ߻а֯Ʒ˵ġ󷴶ռϷ磬϶Ƿ֣Ϳ̿ڿһʮλȻλǰ֯ˣ̫Цˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôã˵ʵҲЩ񵽵Ҫʲô
Ѿڼ˾ڹؼʱֱնɱԺأûбʲô뷨
ǳ˼Ƭ̣ɱɱɣʱսǲɱ϶ҲܻڹؼʱֱӷһϾ˸أս׾ܲһս֮㻹ţҲںսȥһڼ飬һ취ҳز˶á
˵ͷ֪սܾ쿪Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ȥ׼ȥˡ
һսغϴһҰܣ˧϶Ҳɲȥ

ɽĳ
λδġԼǵڵȴʲôˡ
Ȼռһ󲨶
ֻͬŶںӰ֮е˳
Ϊ֯˴֮ϵݣǻ⸱磬ٻĿʾˡ
ɿ˿ˣѯʵλ֪֯λôƺ
ʱΪ׵һӵ϶ܸǣǰ֯Ĺءһж棬ǿԷֱƺΪһһֱ
ɵ˵ͷڰ֯¶˳ֶǺģְһĴʱģһж´жʱǵĴֻ᲻һ
һ˿ˣڶ׶εĳأ
һгһöռָһʮڽҺε鷳λˡڸѧԺ֮󣬵׶εĳҲϡǽһֱǰ֯кܺõĺϵϣҲܺ졣
һ˵ͷʮڽҺպá
ֻǸţֵһ˵ã˵ѧԺһͼݣĵ伮ȸѧԺ֮󷨵һЩ伮Ըǳ¼һݣҪȫǰ֯
⻰δ˶һ
˵ʵû⣬뵱˫ôɺǲǾΪ֯ѧԺͼݣԾ˳ƶΪѧԺͼĵ伮󣬶ΨһЩ󷨵伮֯ҲԸǳ¼һݣҲû˵ʲôˡֻҪռ㹻ʲôмֵ
ʮλԾȴźսϵϢ
ǱֻҪһսսϵͳ˧ǣסǾͿֱϵѧԺ
ڶ죬谵
ôӣƽ֪ʻڽ췢֡
ֻҪĵȴϢɡ
ʱһһȥȻյһŲĴѶ˧ˣ嶼ˡ
վӰһͳȥˡ
˿̵ʮ֮⣬һʮ㳲񽢴彮ɳǵأռҲҲӵĻҡ
ߣŽ֮𣬳ͣе˾սʱ״̬սʿǺŽ壬巢˵ڶȫս
ڽ˵İλͳ˧׷ҲɫϾ
֮⣬λҲԴ
ʱλ巢ڶȫսȻ׼֣Ҳʮа˾Ѿٴƽʮ֪ͨǰʮƽս֮ǰҲ϶ܴӦԡô˵սʿû˷ߡ
⻰λͳ˧Щɵۡ
̻ûдͷʮʲôûƽʮأǵʧɾʹˡ
Ȼʱ˾顣
˹ֱӵƽʮĿжھͷʹʮǲ̫ˣҾӦսʿʹһʮĲٰ֮ǰԤݵսҲ١
üͷⰢ˹ĺÿ죬ѵǸڼ顣
ʱƺЩԥŵʵҲ޷ɣûƽʮȫƾʮơ
˶û˵ʱҪôϡ
ĬˣЩ䡣
˶˵ΪǸȷǲƽʮ󡣿˹ȴҪԣһڼѧԺ²ģܴܾ֮С
͵һأȻһܵӣҲ㿪ڣҲûкͰ˹ʲôϿʲôܡ
ʱһһˣûƽʮȷʵƾʮƣѾƽʮٻ˳ʮսʿ˾˧һжҪҵģ˭ҪٸҲ廰Ҳ֪ͨǰʮƽս󡣡
Ͱ˹ʱɫѿȻԶûкô˵
ƺʲôȻӦǣ˧
ͳ˧Ҳȥţҵ顣
˹ߵƽʮ󣬲ȻʱһȥͶ㡣
һһҪôǰ׳գҪôļϸҲ֪ǰ߻Ǻߡ


1801 䣡
ڼ˿ҲҲｪ̼Ÿյ˾ʮ֪ͨ
óһͼעӵλãƽ̶ûһضͻƷ
ѡȷӥ·ǺӷҲö֪
󣬽ְ˸ŵλñע˳
Ŀǰϸ˵оŶʮսʿʮ֮࣬ԤƵĶڡеһоһʮĸսʿһʮڣڶоʮսʿʮڣоʮսʿʮڡΪڲȷͻƵķ򣬵ڶ͵ϵľʮţƾʮսʿֻԭشܶ
ϸ룬ֱǺӷ˲š
ԲܴͻƣΪѧԺڵӥ·̫ԶʮλҪԮҲܿȷܵ
ж֮ͶǺӷڶߺ͵ߵĸųʱ׼֧Ԯߡ
һֱӾͳ˶ʮսʿ
֮⣬ҲûˣսǰѾȫ׼ˡ

ѧԺפأۿԽԽ޼սװɫࡣ
ΪҲûϸսƻ޼ɸ֪ͻһ֮󣬽Ἧбӥ·ͻơ
ǻѧԺ֮ǰ˵ӥ·֮أܻܿͶ
ԽԽӣսڱˡ
޼ɿѾӥµһɵս
ܷ˿Ѿ׼ʱ޼ɵĻɵȳ˳ȥ
һҵȥʱǧսʿҵմȾΪ˷ɻҡһǹһɫǹһԲؿڣ漴ǹһ𣬰λԲ˷顣
ܷսͣ˶ǿɵۡ
˿ѧԺפؽĸҲǷ׷׳ȥսһš
ʱȥܷһ·ֱ壬ɱɱ
ΪϵװսʶǶģһλҲֱӷϵ˶Էһ첲
˳֮ʮɵսʿ͵ؾǴһɵ󣡡
⻰һвսʿ˵ӣôֲ
ɵʮսʿѾڵ˿ܷһ䣬ǾվԼλãγ󷨡
󣬺Ȼ
Գɿռ䣬ȥսʿŵķ׷Ӵܣɾڣǧ屻뵽֮С
Уǧо˵ģʱսս
ɱ
ܷ֪ոʱˣ
ʱֻ֮Уɽ׵ռ˲սʿնԴ񣬻Ϊ촷ۡ
ҽ쳹սڶ
λŹԸѧԺʦһĻȻ㲻ѧԺβõ󷨣ǧ󷨣ܲܲˡ
ǻв󷨺ȥ󷨸ˡ
ǿ϶Ҳסλֹ
ʱ޼һɳ죬һλʦλųͽһֹǣɵѾסǧ壬ֻҪһСʱǧɡ
޼ɵĺʮλųһٶλǳ
ϾֻҪһСʱɱǧ壬Լŵսʿˣһδսܻɱ塣
λѧԺʦ޼ɡ˴ۡԼͨ˲ǣסλȻųͽǣס񣬶ʣµһЩǹԴ湥ʮ
λ޵ҧгݣǹΪǣסѧԺλսʦڵãǱǣס˲Ŷԡ
ѧԺλʦһ֣Ǹǽп಻
ѧԺλʦװ̫ˣսװһ壬һױԴˡ
ЩΪ汾Դƣʵ֮ʱ򣬺ѰױԴ
Ϊ汾Դʵ֮⣬ͬʱҲ˳ĽױԴ㼶֮ܵ⡣
ԭܼ򵥣ĽױԴ㼶в̺ıԴ֮ڲҲӵСռ䣬һ㼶֮⣬һ֮⻨ѵĴ۲ࡣôԴĻഫһ
óԯսװʵҲǳǡ

ǱߣһʱҲõϢ
̲סüͷʵսһʼͷ˸ֲԾ
Ⱦ߾Ȼֱӷʮⷴһֲؼǵսʿѵôõ֮֮ȴֺ֮أǾһĴ̫Ӱʿˡӥ·ϢġѧԺûвϴʮô͵󷨣ȴһֱסǧսʿӥ·򿪾־˱֮С
ǼƻһʼͲͣͣսĶˡ
˼һ£ҧùѧԺʮɵιһʮսʿǾסǧˣȫɱˣҲı䲻֡ҵԭƻʼսʿǳӥ·ͬʱͳ˧սȫǣס˵
⻰ͳ˧ж
ؼģֻаսϵȫǣסʵʩѧԺƻ
ʱѧԺһʮλԮɱʮɵ顣
˷
ʱЩ˷ܵ˧ϵȻȻƽʮ֧Ӳʮ󣬽ءӶʮ󣬰֮ǰսսʧءͳƣĿǰСʱȥս˰ˣҲս˲ʮڣԱǰ˫һȶһǾ׬ˡ
λͳ˧ҲǾϲѣ˹𶼲˵ˡ
˴ӢϣΪ˼ʮʱ϶мν
ʱ澺Цʵ˾ϲĻӥ·ѧԺõ󷨾ȻһӾסǧ壬սİ棬һǧʮɵɱġ
ʵЩȡ
󷨶ԵеɵǿĿ£λͳ˧ͬܳԾһ֧ɵϼŵսˡ
ʱ򣬽ŵĶ򣺡ȷʵǺӷͻƣЩ塭Ȼȫӥ·ȥˣǾȻעһбͶ뵽ӥȥͨɽȷ򶼱Ƿˡ
ҵ飬ȷǺӷսʿǰӥ·ս
ո꣬˵ضԶͳ˧ˣ˻١
û˵֪Щͳ˧Լսһ֮ѧԺǱߵսͻῪʼ
׵֮˽֪ͳ˧ֱӾǳ˹
˿̵ĽҲսӿԥӭȥ
ֻһ֣׾͸о˽Ŀֲ֮ΪͽһȴһѪӿ
Ϊ֮оնɱʮһλʵҲһ㣬Ǵ˿ȴȫôΪˡ
⽪ſδĶսѾǿ֮ǰĺ˧
һ·磬Ҳ׸ӵ
һռϷ֣ȷʵûͣ£ٴγ׳ɱȥ
Ŀռ䷨ʩչԽԽ׸о𾪣׾ʹһʼĻܷ£ڳױѹƣֻܱ
ٴһնˢһ˺׵壬һµѪڡ
Ҫټȥغϣ׾ͱɡ
Ҳʱһ˧㣡
ֻز֪ʲôʱ˽ܵشƺҪûͽһΧɱס
һԣλؽֵͳ˧ƺشѾ޷ǣء
ɫƽǺãһɱס׾֪ǽɽ۹죬Ҳһηȫս˧ɱһ󹦡
صͷһļƺ϶һ͡
ɱ
һȳسȥ
ڽʱзâȴǰ޲ѣ̫ˣȻǣƲסȻҲôż¶
Ȼ¶ˣǾһɱֱӰѽɵ˵˧һ˵սʿȻʿ䡣
ɾովҪŽնȥʱ򣬺ȻֻǰĽһתһ̽ؿڣ˺
վŵ˿̻һŵӡ
˵˧Լĸλ˧ҲɵˣͻһĻʵʼϲ
Ϊð˵ͳ˧˿̿ͬð˵رϮɱŭ˧ڸʲô
˿ģЦͳ˧ѵûпôؾŵҪ͵Ϯҡûв´ĻӦǰ֯ˣǾ䵱ϸĽɫ
⻰˿Ҳѹ
ڼ飬ؾڼ飬ŵɱһϵףֻǰĽ
Ѫûٽʲô
֪ԼˣѾǱɣȫһŽȥͬʱ˵Ļ쵰ǵС
ͷ˿ɶһȻһưˣ
һУƽޱȣս֮󣬻ðܸǾһͣʲôʱ֯˶ܳΪð˵ĸ߲ˡ
ĳĬˣ֪ð̯ˡ
ͳ˧Ҳָƽ˵֮ǰǻЩɣԼݣǾûʲô˵ˡ
ؾڼ飬ûɱˡ
رɱڳһλλֶԸʹýնɱҲء
ͬһʱ䣬ɽ
δĵյѶϢ֮еĴսѾʼǿжˡ
ѧԺ
δĴһϳֱϵȥ


1802 ռ㣡
̫ϵĳ
ǿһ䡣
ǳ˴ʥʡ޷񳵺ԯԼ̫ϾԪʼ𹲼ʮλʦѾ׼
ǳ˼һ£ˣԤƵһģһһλλ֯ǽϵ֮ͷλʥʦ߶ľˮⰵװ˿飬ϵˣγһԴĿռʱǾ֮ѡ
λʥʵ˵ͷѡ
ʱֿ޵Ŀռ䣬۵Ӱֳͺܹؼˣʮλס֮󣬲ҪɱǣҪһһĸǵȻЩܴһֻع鵽֮УҲһֻᱻ۲񣬳Ϊϵ
ţЩ
ЦЦȻЩǿθˣʮλĵĲ࣬ʱҪǣ׼ۡΪÿһһС棬СϵԱȵģʮʵࡣɳɹ֮Ҳ޴ȻɹϵС󣬵ϵڵĿռǰȹʮҪ֮ǰŨʮ۵ʱҲ˽Ϊ־ϵǻҡһΪɽĺġ
⻰һȺʦǼ
ҲһЩλʦ޷ĵطֱӾͿѯʵԺΪʲôֱɱǣɱǱסɱֻҪʮӣҲҪһСʱʱ䡣
⻰ЦЦʵܼ򵥣ɱǵĻǵһ飬һɢǵͻʱ汾Դһǵɵǣ׼ۣʱǾ۵ļƷ۴á
λǳʦϸ룬̫
̫ϾԪʼȴһȻӣȻеԭ
֮еʵ࣬ǴͬС졣
Ƿðλʥʵֿ֮ˣ޷ʦԯʦ̫ʦԪʼʦ˴ʥסͰ֯ʮλ֮һҪֹ֮ȥһҲҪֹصĵˡҲ˵ǰܻ֮֯ܿص
޷˵˵ͷ˵Ǿֹˡ
˰Ѽƻϸ˵һ飬ǱʮλҲѾϵԵ
δĵʶ޼ɵȥϵû뵽˱ԵĵشȻôƯһСϵӽԺϵҪʧ֮ˡѧԺҾȻûҵѧԺصĻͦ
λҲʶѲš
һһָָķǸϵĸǣҲѧԺȳֵϸ۲򣬴ϳһռͨռͬޱȣֱռûв´ĻռͨӵѧԺ
⻰Ҳע⵽ռͨ
Щ˵̸ʵ⣬ΪЩ˵Ĳ
ӵΪʱͷѧԺĲɽ֮󣬶ǲĿռֻѧԺӵһŦ
ʱҲǵ˵ͷͨһƴĿռ䣬һһʮа˾žѧԺڡȻѧԺҲˣǻʲôѧԺҲܾԮսҸոյϢںսϵɲ̫
⻰Ҳٵ飬ֱȥ
ǿǹ֪Щ̤ϵһ˲䣬Ҳ޷ȥˡ
˼һ£ǵ漴쳹ӭʮλϵһ·ҪѧԺʮģѧԺѴ֮һʵǲ֪ǴʵʩƻʱǾע˻˶ѧԺǺǵģѧԺǿǴ˴μƻʧ㡣
ǵδġɡǵ£ǰ֯λ̲סͣס˽Ų
ôܣǵļƻ¶ˡ
ʱǵΧͬʱ˰˵ǿϢ
ɫ䣬ѭЩϢȥֻ˸ϾȻֱһֳӵǿߡ
һüͷ壺λ˾ҲʮλѧԺںսѾλսʦټλǾʮλոǸ˵˲֮УƾҲһλʮλˡԣ˾˧ҲѧԺʦѧԺӵеսʦȻʮλ֮ࡣ
һɫѿ
ԤѧԺԺҲͻʣλȻԶĿ
ʱȻǵļƻӦͱѧԺ֪ˡ⻹һ飬ǿһλֳӵûиӦĻӦǳ㼶Ϊ֮⣬㼶ҲЯѧԺҲ̫ˣȻһӰѰ˼㼶Ҳ͵⡣
˼㼶޷ӳȫܣֻӳɵĻҲܰǸѹס
δǳĬˣԼ֮еľһӵг㼶֣˵жʤ㡣
أѧԺȻͻϤǵļƻȻһ塣ֻ˰λֳֳ㼶˭֪滹мλšѧԺҪʮλСڼƻ¶תǱжϼƻ׼롣
⻰һ˵ͷ
δĺͶĬһ£ҲͬˣȻ˵
תۣʮλʹһ¡
ߣ
شһȴͷһȥ
λţֱһȥ뿪ϵ
ǿһĻЩЩͰ֯Ĺһ鲻ѡʲôսףֱӾѡܡ
ֻѧԺΪıôãôܡ
λʥʴ˿̲ԼͬĴ߶Դ飬ʱֻľˮⰵװ˴Դ֮ϵֱӰϵˡ
ʮλֻоΧռһ䣬Ǿͱһռ䡣
ؿʲô֣ǻǵ͹ѧԺǰ˼㼶Ӧ˴汾Դһġͬʱ߶ǻʮǾ˴㼶һռ֮УΪ֮
⻰˶ɫѿ
˿̵ȴǿϵ֮⣬ȻɫһŭȵõȻһλǰ֯
ֻλֱһȭȴǴϵ־һȻҪΧκԡ
һ˿Ҳʲôˣ֮ǿģǴܴռδزܳȥ
㣿
λҲһû뵽֯Ȼһ


1803 ׼
ǿһĻûг֡
ҪʵػסϵϾֵನǺֲܿģвܰϵٵ
ûг֣һʱʵ޷ˣͱ΢һ㷢˰㣬ȫü
ֻ޷гһѪɫسߣǳԯǳΪƵĺ鱦
޷ⰵ֯İ㣬ԥһӾͳ˹ȥ
ǳӻĺ⣬һӾͰѰĿռķ飬ٸڵĿռ𵴲ͣ
һѪޱȡ
Ѫ߾Ȼһ㼶˿ǰ˴Դ顣
ǰֻۣȭˣѪߴĺ⻹ǲֱۻ˲ĽױԴĻ۳Ϊ˷顣
޷üȴǶһܲ⡣
ǾʵԶǿδġǴԪ۹۾ӵĿɡһγ֣ռݷƵ£ȴҲֻ˰Ļֱۣ̫ʧˡ
Ԥ⣬ӦֱӰѰֱ۶ĩࡣ
Ҳˣ޷˿֣ܸоеǿûѪߵĻҪ忪δѹסԷ
Щ޷ٴλӶѪ߳ŰĴȥһͬʱ߶ʱ䷨򣬽ʱ١
ǰһ㶣оΧʱٳ˱仯
漴Ц֮ӿһ߶ȻΧʱٸŤת˹
޷֪֮ÿ඼ӵѾΪС棬Ҳ֮
ǳ֮УʹԱ˽д밵ֶμһޡ
˽УȻӵų㼶޷ȴҲûȫѹơ
Ǵ˿ҲЩȣû뵽֯Ȼĸ֡
˵Ĵڣһ޴в
̲סְһ׼ۡ
뷨һλѧԺʦˣȻǽ񳵺ԯ
ԯΪ˼֣ʵǵȿС˵Ķ֪ԯʵؼǳԯƳ鱦Ԫ顣
˿̳ԯ֣Ҳֱӵĺܣ׼ʱץסԪͳŰ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ֻо걻סȫƺҲá
ѵĻعͷͿֱĶԪ顣
ǶԪԲһӣһ档
ʧɫ˼ľʹ߶ǶԪһ·޿赲ؿڣ͵ؾͰҵķɳȥ˼Զ
ԯһУԪ˻Ȼ֮пȥ汾ԴȻ٣Ҫȥ
ԭ߶Ԫ飬ⶨԪ鱻汾Դˡ
汾ԴⶨԪ鼸һ࣬ǿ϶֮⡣
ԺȻѧԺˡ
ԯҵ飬Ϊ˲ǣ뵽֮УֻܷѧԺܡ
Ǳߣ޷ڰ㱻Ԫҷɳȥ֮׷ȥΪ϶ᱻҸ˭֪ǰֻһ̲ɫѪҺȴǲټȻˡ
޷ʱѽɫѪҺݸǣεԺֻҵ
ǿ˿΢΢һǾѪֲһôǿԭں˾ѪҿѪŨȣӦûǺܸߵȽ׵ľѪԯʦĶԪУǲûиҲָˣԺĻ׽
޷˵ͷǵʵǺŵġ
ռ֮С
һһĿɫʧˣûˡ
ʱҲϵ֮¶һζЦݣȻλʥʦ߶Դ鷢췣ʮλ췣棬ľǳ顣
λʥʵ˵ͷʼ֡
ʱ֮סľסˮססס֮ס֮ס׷׷¡
еʮȫǽп಻Ѹġ
ǵĿ֪

һСʱȥλλ֯˳ųɾš
ǿǣƽˣǵѾҪĹ⣬ȥܾҪˣֱץסǣ׼׼ɡ
⻰λ̫ϾԼԪʼͬʱסʮˡ
δĴ˿̶Ϊ˺̿ŵδĻɱʮλºպչѫһû뵽ȴΪ˽
Ԫʼ⻰ȴһɱ˺ɱ֮ɱô˵ӦϵԼ³
֯λ˿ΪѾȥ
һ˿̳˼һ£ȴǵλѧԺһǰ֯ϣɴѧԺǸɱǣ֯϶ưոݡֻ汾Դٴα֮ʱǾͻḶۡڷǣǰ֯л
⻰Ƕ̲סЦˡ
˰֯Щˣ˾
ǲٷϻ˻ֵۣǾ׼ˡ
һûô£Ȼֻձѣһ޴ӰһץǾͽ뵽˿ռ
λѵ˿ҲڷӦ⾹ȻҪǸ׼ѧԺǵΪ׼ĻЧá
һ˲䣬ǾԼոջԱˡ


1804 ӣڶλڼ飡
ϵռһֱ׵ɫƯš
ɫʵ۵ı塣
һ־־ʵϾһֻʶѡ
棬λλ֯Ѿ˯ȥɥʧʶ۶ˣ֮ʮ״ֵĴ룬ֱֱĳʮλȥʮޱȣʮλͽ뵽ǵ֮УȻֻʮλ֮б˳ע뵽۵֮С
۸оʮλգԼǿһ򱶡
ɾʱڵĿռ˲
̧ͷȥֻһһŴ·켵ĺͯ뵽硣
üȻʶС
ΪСǱˣڤۣƿڤ磬ϵֻء
ŴԲΪڵڤʵֻλΪԶ
ۿڤֱǵĻڤĲ˼֮ģеļƷһɵȻڤ۾Բ˼Ƭ̣۵һڶδ˦ڤԱߣ˼ѾԶ
ָڤһƷҲڤ۽񾳽硣
ڤ۶ʱ۾һϲʤ

硣
˴ʥʾҪҪǰȥս֧Ԯ
룬ҡҡͷãλͰ֯λɱϢͻᴫսʱȻһʱͳǸϵʱҲóĲˡսܻɱʮλѾ㹻ͲҪȥսϺͱṦˡߣʵıֵ͵ʵñ˲η
ʦ룬Ҳúе
ν̲̫ߵʲô¡
ʦ漴ȫѧԺǲûлȥǳźսȥʵÿһδսһξѵᡣΪߵ·һ棬Ҫз򣬶ÿδսжӿֳûвķ˳ƲЩջˡñһ巢ȫսֻĸСʱĹǾͲʮ·

ս
սڼ˫Ҳڼࡣ
ֹĿǰΪֹսʮڣҲսʮڣ˫һ
һ˶ս׺һ·磬սڼ䣬Ŀ˹
ϸ۲췢֣˹Ǽһɵģûзȴĵһʱͱܿͺ˼ˡ
Ͼرɱǰʣµһڼ˭˿̿϶ᵣԼǲҲ¶ˡڼ϶ỳɽĿԼǲɱһԼҲôһ¡
˵ķӦûʮ֤ݣѾ˳ɿԶ϶һڼӦþ
ֻǰ˳ɻɱˣЭ϶ưոݣҪȷʵ֤ݲС
ڽϸŸҵڼȷʵ֤ݣ׺һλȻɫ䣬һĿŽ
յʮλȫûϢ
ʵ޷ϵ׷ʲô
ǿʮлδĶ
⵽ѧԺģǲλ
ֿܣ˿̶̲ס־壬ﻹս޲սʱѵǻɱʮλĴڽսЩҲ¾ɾô
״ʱޱȹϣҧҧʹ˸صļƻʧˣʮλսսʿˣ쳷
ţ峷˵ĺŽ쳹ս
ͷսʿȻ㲻״Ҳ֪϶Ƿ˴£ʱһǧ
ߣսʿҲ֪ʲôӣǼͷĺûᡣ
ֻÿսʿ˷ܵĴţ׷׳׷ȥ
˵ľųͽ˿̸˷ܡ
Ͼɲһȫսʧز˵ʮɽ򣬵ϵ׼һһ߶ûͻƣֱӰӡ
һȺ˿ҲŹᣬһ·׷ս
ʮһλܶӵһ·ϱһ˾ɱ˼һҲɱ
˼֮ǰսһλںսﵽλټϵλǾʮλ
⣬սʿҲ׷ʮԶںսĴӪˡ
Ѿصʮ֮󣬲ս

ս
˴˿̶緢һսֻսһλȴɱλ󹦡
սλǳԻеЭᣬǻеЭ
Ҳ֪ܲһսʵؼĲںսѧԺǱߵսѧԺӮˣҲԼȥˡ
ѧԺһս˾Եã˵һս
Ŀǰս֮ĻûͳƳҲżֻɨһΧȻأ˭ͳ˧ˣ
˶һʱŷˡ
˹룬νˣҪչһʱ䣬ʲôô
⻰ɫ䣬ѾĹһ׳ա
ѶػսڵĽѯǷ
ȷ򣬿ڵĽָظ˧ڰСʱ֮ǰͳ˧פصȷ뵽ɽ򡣵ʱҿ˧ɫҴңƺʲô¡
⻰̲סһȭĵķ顣
ڼԿ϶һһڼ顣
ɫҴҸʲô£Ǽ
ʱ䣬Сʱ֮ǰսûнʱҶæ׷ȴѾ۷Ҵȷ˳ȥӦʱѾԼܱ¶ˣԸʵĻᣬһˡ
λͳ˧Ҳɫ䣬ʶʲô
˵ض˧ѵҲǰ֯ˣʵսϻɱ߶صʱȫ̶ʱƺ֪߶ǰ֯ˣǹ¶󱳸߶أΪľ㶯֣Ȼ˳ưɱˡ˧Ҳǰ֯ˣʵ̫˼
ĬƬ̣Ȼûаٷ֮ٵİգǰٷ֮ʮеģӦþǰ֯ˡƺʮ˶ֻص̫ˣһֱûҵʵԵ֤ݡ˴ηǱӣѾ˵һСһþٴκ˲飬źܿͻнġ
⻰ɫ졣
˴һʮ߶ǰ֯ˣʵǿЦ
֮ϸսˣͬʱһ𾪵Ϣ


1805 սѧԺ棡
˵ϢԾһֻм̵ļ仰˼ǰ֮֯ܲ𣬰֯Աʮһ˱ɱ
Ϣϻж쵼ˣǺսһͳ˧ۡ
֪Ϣš
˶Ϊ۱ȥ˧ְλѾȻһҲûȥע˭֪ʱȴٴν뵽˴ҵߣһޱ𺳵ķʽʱɵҲˣȻְǾû۱ְǾƻõģΪľˣʵʩξж
ѧԺ֮У˵Ϣһ֪ȥ
ЦʵжܹɹѧԺǰ֯ҪѧԺǲű¶Լձ۴˸Ѷˡ۵ĹʵûôΪ֮֯һλһѧԺס׼ۣҲѧԺĳԯʦöԪˣӶߡ˵Ƕ˰֯ʵʮһ˶СϺף֯λ춼ѧԺ
⻰Ҳ̲סЦֲþֻ˵ɱ֯Աʮһˣû˵ɱĶʲôΪġԭɱĶСɫֵһᡣκ۲֪úǣǸøмǡ
λʦҲЦû뵽֮еǰѺ۵Ĺ͸һ롣
ʱģۺܿͻ㣬ʱ֪ǺǣǸмˡ˵˵һεĴսɣͦεȫս˫ô
޼ҲǵѧԺǲõĽˡ
λʦڴҲٷϻֱӾ͵δսȡʷսһʤսնɱʮڣնɱˣųʮˣǧ߰ٶʮˣԲǧˣԲʮˡ
ǵ˵ͷһʮ屻նɱһ룬ߵأ
˼һµսսʿҲﵽ˾ʮ֮࣬һȶһսξǴʤҲսһˣųʮˣǧʮˣԲʮǧˣԲһʮǧˡһսѧԺıΪͻѧʦǵսͲ˵ˣҪ˵һɵɵһξɱǧˣɵֲһɱһǧһɱһǧ򣬹ɱǧ򡣡
֣Ƕǵһ
ʮɵɱǧ壬Ǻεȵ𺳣ֲ쿴ЩɵսʿһҪˡ
޼ʱɿһµҲ²Ĳ࣬սҾܷ˽һսʮɵսʿ˱ǻõĹѫƽǧܷΪɵĽ˻õĹѫǽӽڡǻõսƷǶѳɽǻɹѫÿɵսʿ˴ε涼Ҫһڹѫ㣬ܷҪﵽڡ
̲סһ飺ܷҲ̫뺷ˣһսǲɱ˿λ񡣡
޼ɳ˼һ£ЦʵҲ࣬ܣʵ൱ʮɱһʮλ󷨵λңЩǱѧԺʦŵľųԼɱˡ
ǵ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ǾܷɵѧԺ׬ˣܷ׬ˡһεȾĽѧԺ϶Ҫóһֽɵֵܷܷһ֣ʱΪһսܻڹѫ档ô๦ѫ㣬ܶһԴصˣһǧ궼ô๦ѫ
ŮѧԺ˴ˡ
޼ʱԥһ£ǵȻһսɵҲսһǧˣҲһʲСʧ
λʦĬвˡ
ʵӽսڣǱٺãҲмλѧڼˡ
ǲЩѧԺջô޼ʦܽһ°ɡ
޼ɵ˵ͷڣѧԺǱߵսһɱλа֯λǵĿռָ֮йƽɻҺһٶʮڽֱԴͷٶʮƷɹѫֵԴﵽǧڹѫںսλʦѧǻõĹѫͲ˵ˣǻԻɵսɴʮڹѫȻǾĽʱ޷ȷӦò١
ϸһ£ʵĴͷһٶʮڽҺͼֵǧİڹѫˡ
ЩҺӦ֯ĳͣϧͰ֯Լĵ׶εĳͲûзδλϣȻǿڽҺֵߴǧڹѫ
ͿǱߵĽˣǾܰѧԺɱλͰ֯λĹϣһʽԲһС֣϶ԶһΡ

ʱȥ֮Ǳ˽
飬֮еĹڷ˿ݾ˵ڴʮԪ֮ǰЭְʱͺͰ֯ǣϵʱ񾳽磬ΪͻƵ磬Ϊ֯ЭῪ˻Ϊ֯неĸ״ڻӶôҲǿЩôͻƵ硣ͻƵ֮һѰ֯ľȴԽԽճ޷԰ΣֻܳΪ˰֯һԱ
֪ϢǺͽ⡣
ξǾ飬˴δʤĽҲǼΪ񣬻ÿŶ˴ѫٵҲڣĶаڡ
ѧԺ˴λõĹѫǺţﵽһǧڹѫ
ϴѧԺɱʮڶ壬ҲͲŻһٶʮڵĹѫһϴε϶ܴﵽһǧڡֻһֿܣϿѧԺɱλԼ֯λĹͣԲźģѧԺ˽
ôѧԺ˴һսõսʹﵽǧڹѫҪ㡣
˴ںսӪ꣬õ涼ô࣬ɼѧԺβ׬ˡ
֮⣬ѧԺ˻˳ۺڤ۵Ľǲùѫ
Ǵ˿վ޿ҲģһǧڹѫӦоŰǽɱʮλģʣµһڲǽɵĹף滹Ҫ۳ǸɵṩԴװ󷨵ĹͣԼŵЭ͡ɣóʮڽɵ㹻ܷˡ
⻰޼ɵ˵ͷ
ֻһô๦ѫҪôܾܲɡ


1806 Щˣǽɣ
ֻǵʼʽɵУһΰѵ֧ʮ֧ɵȫ齨
޼ɵͷѧԺǧѫԴ԰ɵ齨ˡ
ʮ˵ɵɱǧ壬ǰ֧ɵҲ齨ɵﵽ򣬵ʱɵǶô˵һս
ʱһɵʮš
ǵĻû꣬ȫӦѧѧԴǼͻƾ硣ûһĻҲɵԤ֧ǡ⣬ӾһһЩСѧввõԴͶ뵽ѧԺ֮ȥӿ꼶ѧǵٶȡٰһֹѫ㽻˪һһЩɺӼҪԴȥӪɺӼŴ漶ҵš
޼ϸţôоѫ㶼ˡ
齨֧ɵҪһڹѫȫӦѧڲҪȥһڹѫһԴСѧв͸вѧôҲҪԤһڹѫİɣͶ˪ҲҪһڹѫ
˼İڹѫѧԺõĹѫҲһǧڶ㡣
ѧԺ˴ս֮лõԴһٶʮڽҺܻܲɹѫٶһİɡ
ؼ⻹һԾͽˣɵѧҪͶԴһǧڵĹѫǲʡŻһǧܹܰ⡣
޼Ҳ֪ʱͶ룬ѧ档
֮󣬺˺ս
˺ۣЩЦ֣û뵽ϴһôּˡϴ˵ҪԼĸȥҵʱΪ棬û뵽㲻ľȻѰ֮֯ܲˡôĹͣôģ˵
⻰˶ˡ
˵ã˵һΪ˲˺ܾãȴǱѧԺռһĹ͡
ҧҧ۵Ϊ㵽һУôҲû㵽ѧԺȻʵԶԿͰ֯Ĺʮλ˵ʵΪһƻϧʮλһʮλʱǾϵţѧԺһ֣ʮλټѧԺһ𣬲˵Ͱ֯ȫɱˣҲɱλɡ˭֪Ͱ֯ʮλսϵֱӾͱѧԺİλʦѹˣֶǱѧԺĶ˰ʱҿ֪ʲôôôĴ۴ʮλܴܲ繦ɡ
̲סЦ
뵽۵ʱӣΪƻ˴ʮλ͹ȴû֮أ˵ˡ
Ҳû취ֻôȥ˰֯ѣһ㹦͡
˭֪֯ܲ󹦳ѧԺ
۸ɿһ£Цˣ˵¡ѧԺһɱ˰֯λѰˣ֯ǱǵˡǾ͵Ű֯ıɡ壬һսѧԺٴֳǿѧԺԺ̸û۸ٴĴۣ廹ҪǣѧԺóµ󷨡Ȼǰ֯ʵҲѧԺ󷨡
ЩΣ׶ѧԺ̫󣬱֯ˣɵ
û˵֪ʵ
Ͱ֯϶绹ٶѧԺֱ֣Ŀġ
˼˰죬ҲûкõĽ취黹Ҫǡ
۳ĬƬ̣ȻЩصսҽפ渹أ˵ҪѧԺ򽻵ĵطǸܲ΢͸¶һѧԺĵϸ˵ʵѧԺ֮ʵҲ̫ǿˣսĶжʮˣЩ֮ǰֶֹЩˡ
ЦЦ߲˿̵顣
ǿ϶ѧԺǴðģǵʵҲ̫ǿ˰ɣôԴô֮⣬ǱôǸôԴѧԺǺһĵô
ԴҲ׼֮棬ַΪС桢ʹ档С񣬴ڶл֣ʵҲǻڴˡôѧԺЩʦǳڴˡ
۳˼һ£˵ͷһȻӣҵˣܳôЩѧԺʦӦһ档ȻˣؾǱҲԷˡ
˵֮󣬺վǶȥֱޱȡ
ĵ⣬õ֮󣬻һ붼ƻΪѧԺغ˵ˡ
ź۵ıӰҡͷʲôˡٺ˵㣬ߵĵǿ죬Ǿ˰ɣô˵ɡ
ĻشôʵҲʵ
ЩʦһС˵磬ЩС˵һ档
ֻǺˣΪһ棬ʵǲһҲֹһ档
󣬽ҵǡ
Ѻ˵˳ʱֻƺûôġ
Ժǲ뵽취ˣ
˵ͷʵܼ򵥣度ѧԺ󷨣ҪѧԺ֯ѧԺ󷨣ҪõѧԺ󷨡ȻˣҾͰѧԺ󷨽Ǻˣȫˡ
⻰ֻǲĲ塣
ôܰ󷨽Ͱ֯ȫҾͰ֯õ󷨣Ҳôˡ
֪϶ˣһ⣺ʦáɡҪʲô
Ĭû⡣
ƺ֪᲻֪λشʱҲϸ˼ܾãʼΪɡһʽҷָҲö־áɡΪԪڵҺо֣ʵܶ񣬶ҲֻһϡҼ밡룬뵽˺ܶܣҲһǧǰҺȻʵЩһĻһ˼롣ɣʵ޵ľ˼룬޵ֹ޵ǵ˵Ǿ˷أط죬취Ȼľ硣Ӧͬ壬桢˳Ӧ桢棬ҹ۲ƺûʶ
ǣֻоǴ˿Ϲâɡ
һ̣Ǿǡɡõڹ͡
ǰ죬ǵԺ˵Щйϵô
ʱһǱƶŽǳԹܲ˺ú÷һԼĸˡ


1807 ɵ
Ǹɿ˼ڨڨȻйϵѧԺĴΪʲôҾþΪ˴ɵɡĻ˼롣ȵȣЩĻһ֣ǴɵӡʵһѵĻᣬѧԺ󷨵Ѿ棬֪жѧϰѧԺ󷨣ȻΪʲô˳ƴȥȥ˽⡮ɡɡȻȥɡ
⻰Ǿˡ
ԺҲ̫ˣ֪жֵǮֻ˾ƺʮѧԺ׬˺ôһҺ͹ѫ
ؼǴҶѧϰ󷨣ԺѧԺô죿
ƺ׽ĵǣѧԺȥ֮о󷨵˿϶кܶ࣬ʱͰ֯ҲûеˡѧԺģٵĲЩ뵽Ǵʻһо󷨡ȻҲҪѧԺǾԲôˡ壬ΪٴϼΣǾǰ󷨴ȥҲʲôֻǴ֪ʶһЩ󷨣ñǿ϶ܴҲؼģҲǲҪǮ㴫Ҵ󷨷ŵĹѫһ棬ֻҪѧ󷨣Ǿͱ뽻ѧԺһʶһ󷨵Ĺѫ㡣潫ܴпܻᳬѧԺεս档
ϸţôֺѧԺҪ׬һƵġ
⣬Ҳ뵽˸ࡣ
ѧԺôһ㣬󷨷ģԺսƻΪһսʽѧԺ󷨵ҪκսʽʱѧԺ϶ռơ
ƺҲûʲôõģҽʵҲףѧԺڲ󷨣ʵѾоˡ
Ժ˼ҽ¶Լ󷨣ռ󻯡
ЩҲеĵǡ

ɽĳڰ
Ȼճ˲ֻһ˺ѿռӲǱˣ
һ֣һɱ̲סǺë
㣬ɡһǿ򶨣֪㣬һ֪ˣʮڽҺÿԸˡ
㾹ȻˡһŶ˳ˣ˶ȥİ㣬˴εļƻһֲ߻ģǲҪһͣѧԺ;Ϊʲô֪ǵļƻҸоǾɵһѧԺ壬֮ܲҲ˾ˣʮһ֯ĳԱɱĸɸɾ
֪ôģ϶Ҳ˻ɣΪҳ֯ҿװ׵ĸ㣬ûг֯飬ʵս˴𰸡ǾߣӦͱ¶ˣ۵ټѧԺķ޼ɳΪͳ˧ʵǶҵ̽ʱȲ˶ΪΪ˺Э棬۲ûţʱѾˡ֤ݾս󣬽ҵȻֻͲʮԪ֮ǰ֯нӴ飬Ȼ̫ܣӦǾڻҵĵһʱͿʼˡ
⻰΢΢ͷ
ôҪĹûиʮôܲһ飬Ҿ⻹ҪϸС
û飬ȻѧԺǱߣҸоѧԺǴӾ֪ǰ֯ˣ֪ҪȾֱӣۿҺӴһϸ룬ѧԺλʦøǰģʮƽսھսʱؿԼһĿңʵͶǵмƻ
üͷҳѧԺǿ˵δҲ̫ˡѵ彻׵ʱѧԺһԿŲɣ
һ˵ͷҾôɵģÿҺ彻ܾ֮ëëġֵһΣҾȻоһ֮ңȻҵʱһʱǹûöԷҵݡϸ룬֮̽鵽ϣֵǺεȵĲ򵥣ΪǺεȵĿ¡
Ĭˣ㻳ѧԺˣ
ףþҪˣӦ֪ˣԿ϶Ǿġ
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷֻĲ²⣬ѵ㻹ΪѧԺ֮һŲɣ汾Դʱʱ̶̿ڶţˣλ񲻳֣汾ԴҲǣȥģԲ֮⡣ˣ͵ĺˣӦûг֯ڰʮڽҺҡ
ΪʮڽҺƶΪҳ֯
ȰҺ˰㡣
ӹ֮󣬿ֹü㻹ʲô飬л˵
˵ͷβûѧԺʧôѵôˣҺ˽Ӵһ£ٴѧԺһαƻ¼ѧԺ󷨣ѧԺǸ޷˸أ۸κδۣʵԸ⡣ȻˣʮУǾʮټӣֱѧԺΪֹ
⻰䣬ʵҲЩĶ
֪֮۲ƣٴж϶ҪΪҪʮѧԺҪʮ
ЩͼӴһ£ԸԸ⡣Ͼغս嶼ҪͲλ֮ʮλټϹĺۣҪά˫ʵһˮƽϣǻҪʮλȻ˵Ƕʮλ൱һҪʮһСǶĴۣóô
ЦֻҪѧԺһԸ⸶Ĵۡ

ͨ塣
Ȼ²ģԥͬˡ
֪֮ϵ˰֮֯еܲû뵽֯ȻҲͬٴζѧԺֵļƻ
һж˳
ɾһº˱ʣͻȻֹ˺Ͱ֯ĺ
ŭޱȣףʲô˼
ʱǱߴΪεѧԺѧԺ󷨷ŵ˾Ĺѫһб֮ˡھ㻨˴ĴѧԺҲ޷ֹ󷨵ĴˡѧԺѾû壬Ѿʽȥѧϰ󷨣Ժ˿ԲҲƾԼ󷨵⣬󷨴ʦ󡣡
⻰̲סףֱǷˣȻѧϰѧԺ󷨡ѧԺ㹫ѧԺ󷨣ôѧô̫ˣһѧԺļƲߣΪľǣٴζѧԺ֡
׵ЩͣԼ֪ˡ
˵ţֱжϵ
ʱаһݷĹѫһб󷨶һƷ˶ɵˡ
ЩɣѧԺǲǲķˡ


1808 һ󷨣
ֻĶһбֺйصƷ
һ֡һٹѫһ
ڶ֡ƺһѫһ
֡ʮһѫһ
ֳ֡󷨵Ĳ÷һѫһ
߽֡󷨡һѫһ
ʵѧԺ˸УȻԼںսϿ˵ʤֶξŵ˾Ķһб
ؼǶһ۸Ҳǵ͵Ŀ£ŵġ󷨻ֻҪһٸѫ㣬۾óôĹѫġ߽󷨡Ϊ׵伮ҲֻҪһѫܶһλóô๦ѫ
ЩţҲѧԺŪ˵ģʵ屾ĵ伮ûʵԵݡ
˼һ£Ȱѡһˡ
ʱݾʹ˹
һ伮ȻһˣһֻɵĽǶȷȥ˶ɵˡΪԶԶϣⱾȻе֪ʶһ顣аеԭۺʲôβϸ˵һ岼󣬺ñòྦྷȻ˲ɵõ󡣻̲ʶֱӿ̻󷨲ȵȡ
֮ڿԿ϶ˣѧԺķˡ
İ󷨹˳һһİٿȫ飬Щ֪ʶ֮ǰһϲͨҲѸš
ֶһˡֳ󷨵Ĳ÷Լ߽󷨡һһ֮ǳΪʲô岻ԸȥѧԺˣΪûκˡԺҲȥѧϰ󷨣˵ľӲҲ󷨲ٶκεв
ȥˣ˰㣺巴ˣǲԸٶѧԺˡ
ĬƬ̣˵ͷѾµ˭뵽ѧԺȻԸѧԺ󷨹׳度ѧԺ󷨣ҪѧԺѧԺѾ棬ҲͲٻѾ޴۴ʮһλֻΪһûκвѧԺκ˶ʵǲǻǳֻŰʧ͡
Ҳ˽壬֪˵Ĳ
˼һ£ֵ嶼ˣ֯϶ҲѧԺжΪԼеѧԺҪľ޶ۣʱĻϢɡܳһʱ䣬ǰ֯Ǻս뵽ƽʱڡ
ȻףϾҶȥоȥˣ˭пȥ̡
ڶЩѧԺˣ֮ǰһ֮ı˺սƾͲ˵ˣھȻΪȡһαĺƽʱڣǲ֪ƽʱܳãҲǧ꣬ҲмҲһ
ս
ոմӾǱõ屾󷨵伮ĶһݣܲԺڸոһ棬һһǧΣƺһǧΣʮһǧΣֳ󷨵Ĳ÷һһһǧΣ߽󷨡ҲһһһʮΣѧԺ˻ڳͷĹѫ㡣
⻰Ƕ̲סһϾǸոյһ찡
ѧԺκҪһʣĻ˵ģпܻᳬѧԺ֮ǰһս档
ȻҲҪл˵ߡ
Ϊ˵Ĺ涨ڹѫһбĵ伮֮Ʒκ˾ǶһҲֻԼѧϰۣܳܽ˹ۿȻһʹЩȴûвҵĶһ¼Ҫ׷ġ
޼һ£ȴǵʵҲ֣Ͼսϴս˾ʮսʿڻнӽһʮսʿЩֻʮ֮һ˶󷨸е棬ҲʮȥһѧԺ󷨵伮
⻰ȴҡҡͷѧԺںսӰҸоֻҪóһٹѫģٶһһŵġȻЩԲ֮һ֮еδӳģΪͳսҪʮа˾Ż屾󷨵伮һˣúоϾɵʮɱǧոûȥã˭Ϊһɵ
⻰Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ս֮еѾֳˣֻҪɵ϶Ҫоһ¡
ѧᣬһһԼ˵棬Ҳܾܲŵɡ
룬ּλʦҪ֪սɲֹһ˺ս֮⻹ԨսѪɽսǺսԼսĴսĴսϵսʿɶǧڼġĴսսʿѵ֪󷨵ѵŶһоа˴ԼЩԵѵͲ󷨺档
λʦ˿̶סˣҪЩϵĻѧԺҪ׬ˡ
ʱĸΪѧԺҲޱȻȡ
Ҷѧϰ׶λãһºȲó˵һ󷨣ս䶯ˡ
λսʿó󷨲Ǳģǡֳ󷨵Ĳ÷һ󷨣
ţֱ̫ˣȻó˾涼оǣѾʼˡЩϧս̺̫ս־ûֱգȻԺ϶ʡٵĲྦྷһ
ҲǾЩϧںսôʵ
һ꣬Щν£Ժ뿪սصԼļ磬ҾͿԲþԼˡ
ɾʱһ˭˵սûã󷨻Ҫôá󵥶õĻȷʵۼ޷ãڡ߽󷨡һֽ󷨣԰һתΪͨþٸսϵǿԱյġҲѾϵѧԺдԣʱɹˣ˶ߡ
ЩԾмսʿ˿̶ɵˡ
ʱҲע⵽ˣ˵˾Ȼǵľųˣǰ벽ĴڣȻҲˡ
ſŰЩսս֪ųΪʲôͻȻ
ʱЦпǰɣŸոŸ֪󷨵˧˵¾ͨľһ󷨣ʹֲïܣĸ졣ֱ󣬸ǻʹһƬϵõơ
Щ𾪣һͨôôôҲһ𾪵ˡ
ɾʱֻ˼ţǺսϵһó󷨵սʿ˵ʵҶǱ㾪ˣž츳ھ齨һ󷨵оҾټȥʱѧԺʦԸ㽲󷨣ֲ϶Ľ
⻰˶Ľˣ֪һҪһɳˡ


1809 
󷨵ĻΪѧԺǾ޴ģ滹ǳԵġ
ϾսԴԴϵĲЩһ˻ѡһѧԺ󷨽оѧϰ
վӥ£Щѧϰһͷȵսʿ΢΢һЦѧɣúѧɡѧ֮ѧԺɷȵȡǽѧԺӣԺͶˡѧԺѡսɵҲˡ
սսʿɶǲ飬Ǻܶһһ죬һĵ۾ѧϰʶ֮ȻµҲѧϰ˴ȥ֪ѧԺܱʲôӡһ£ֻҪһǧʱ䣬ͻʽΪһȫϿɵ֧

ʱȥ
ѧԺںսһǮյһȫȫΪ˲ţѧԺҲԽԽԽԽá
ת۾ʮȥˡ
һ켱ҴҵҵǵԺѧԺѧʮͻƵλ񾳽磬ͻƵλ񾳽ףͻƵԲ񾳽磬һ츳˵ҲҪǧʱ䣬츳һҪԪܡھһȽϺûᣬѧץסҲֻҪͻƵԲ񾳽硣
⻰ǲ۾һ
֪˼ѧԺȫѧǹӦҺҲܰѧΪλ۷壬ͻƵԲ񾳽ôףΪѾҺ顣
λԲ񾳽ȱĲҺСǧ絽ǧʱ䡣
ླλԲһ󿲣һ󿳣ÿһһ󿲡
ԽԽѡ
ʱҲϻֱӵģһλ֮зһԲ񼶱һٶʮԪȴٳ޷״Բ񾳽硣ߵ˾ͷʱǧöСǧԼʮöǧ

Ƕסˣöô
ͷޱȵĶֻҪ㹻һöСǧý۾ֱͻƵλ񾳽磬һöǧλֱͻƵԲ񾳽硣˵һöǧֱͻƵ硣֮УִһٿãǧǼȫ塣
ǶԴҲ˽֣̫󣬶ȼǧȼһҲԸȥʵΪ̫صᵼΪ󽵣϶ȥ񾳽磬ָΪ˾ͷпȥ
Ͼ磬Ѿڸ߽ײࡣ
Ĳ಻һ㣬ȻǶܴﵽǸ硣
ԴҲ˽⣬˵ˣ񾳽Ĳ࣬Ҳľʹֹ
ʱǧöСǧ绹ãʮöǧΪ󣬱Ͼ츳λԼʱ䡣ΪҲѾͷֳȡѾȫ޷ƿԼٵǷ硣ҲʹĿռ伫䲻ȶǿռݺͿռ
ǵͷΪһ壬ͷⷽҲһ
ûа취飬һ˾ͷͬ˸
˵ţռĲȶҲ˲ʲô˶ܹ磬Բ񾳽һȥ΢չ¶ϢͻʹĿռ̮Ӿ磬ĿǰɵĲҲλ񾳽硣λȥҲ̫࣬Ĳ㣬ҲˡΪǾֵѾһʣµʵֻһʮˣĹؼʣµһʮô֡
Ǵ˿Ҳüͷ
һʮ޿ɺǣϾǾֵģҾʵҲǿ
ʣµһʮôСûʸȥ֣˴ԲŹǿ϶
Ժʲô뷨ЦЦǵӾ֪ҲԴ˺뷨ʵ֮ǰ˴ͳ˧ѾһܣͲˡ
ʱ˿Ȼ뵽ʲô̲סЦˣʦҲ㱻ƭˡǺսϵľͳ˧ôֻһ仰顣ʱѵվѧԺһߣ
⻰ҲЦʲôԺȻᾡΪѧԺȡҲҪ޼ʦһ¡һֱҪܲðɡ
Ͷˣһ˳һ˳ô
޼Ǻ˹Ŵ£ҲǼѣǺûᣬһʮöǧɣһöɾһԲ񾳽ѧ졭Ƕ̫ҪˡǵķѾˣͲСǧ糯ǧʱ䡣
ȻҲ֪ЩȻ
Ž˷޼һôȻ˲ԼͬЦ

ڶ죬
λͳ˧Ϊ˻ڶûһ
ߺߵ˲ЩǾҪʮʣµһٶʮô֡ͬǰɣͬ˳ȥһܣ˭Ӯ˾Ͱ˭˵ķ
Ļ䣬ð˵Ŀľŭ㣬Ϊȥһܣ˭㡣Ҫʮ붼룬ʮͲˡ
еЭĿФҲܲţ͵ʮͲˡ
⻰һ㶼⣬ǿƵʮʲô˼ˣǺãλ棬Ǻð˵ԼеЭú̸̸Ǿø˶ʣ
⻰ĺͿФʱ
ǵôѵ˾֪ѹô
˶ǱЦû˵
ڰ˴֮У˵ʵǵ֮һ˵ļλ棬޹֮пǻżλѪǿվ棬ˣκһ𶼲ʸ
ɭʱɿһֻʮȷʵ̫ˣܹôܲһӾͱȥ֮һɡ
ߵҲܣ˾Ҫʮ˭Ҿȥ˭̸
˴˿̶Ƿˣⲻˣô
ɾʱһҪʮѧԺܣһʮѧԺҪʮ
λͳ˧ѭȥǾͿ˷޼ɡ
Ǵ˿̸ķѧԺʲô飬㻹ھҪʮô㻹ڡ


1810 һĲ
޼Ҳ˷ŭ񣬺ƽ˽ȻŽЦɱԼѧԺʦ
⻰Ȱλͳ˧ɵˡ
ʲô˼ѵûи߷޼顣
޼Ҳ˵㹰˹֣Ȼһߵλϡ
ʱλͳ˧ǲɺĿ㣬ԭһй¶ѧԺġ
㶼ɵˣⲻô
ԵЩΣǸ޼ʦ˵ЩˣΪѧԺȡһЩҲ޿ɺǣʮҲ̫ˣҲ̫ûеȻǶѧԺʦʱҲܴӦҪġ
λͳ˧һý˵̫ˡ
ʮѧԺʲôأֱΡ
޼ʱȴЦѧԺҪʮôҾһ㶼ࡣȸλҪһ㣬ЩָΪʲôΪ˽ںսĹףҾأ
⻰㶼òϷ޼˵Ĳ
Ϊ˽ĹףֱӾͰˣκˡ
޼ɿλͳ˧˵һ֪ӣ֪ϷŸոտʼȻΪ˽ںսĹףҾһںս˭ѧԺĹ״Э᣿еЭ᣿ðˣ
λͳ˧ʱ˼
޼Цһһ巢ȫսѧԺɱʮڶ壬Ϊסӥ¡Ҳˣӥ·˾Ӳȥ֧ԮȷʱѧԺλսʦնɱһλǾѧԺһսĹʹ󲻴ʰ˴˭ܱȣ
һսΪ˽⣬̲סǵѧԺʮʣµһٶʮߴѧԺƽÿʮá
Ǿ׼ʮǰɡ
޼ɵһ㣬ŭұ죬ڻ˵ʱ򡣡
ʱɵۣ޼ɷ񣬻ʶĲͷ޼ˡ
޼ʱһڶ巢ȫսѧԺɵٴɱǧ塣ѧԺǷ˰֯ľıٴ档ЩҲ˵ӦҲףûѧԺʱѾ渹ˡ
Ϊͳ˧˵ʲôЩѧԺĹĨȥġ
Ҳڨڨ˵ĲѧԺǹͺܴ󣬵ѧԺôһˣҪʮҲ̫˰ɡ˻ʮѧԺöʮʣµһٸߴƽ֣㿴Σ
ͳ˧Щɵۣ׼ʮǰɡ
޼ɰһۣߵȵȵȣҵĻûꡣڶȫս֮ѧԺȻȻİѧԺо˳ʹڸսսʿܹ氲Ҳʹ岻óȻ֣ΪȡһαĺƽʱڡҾֹͣǰ˴й
λͳ˧Щˣ⹦ȷʵ̫ˡ
룬εǺãѧԺ˶ʮ˰ɣʣµġ
ʱͳ˧ڿƲסˡ
̵İ˹һŭȵ㣬ұ졣˵һ仰Ҿͺȥǰ˴ôԲУ㵽׺˭һģ
⻰ҲǷŭޱȣ˹ҿĴڵʱϵ׽ˣֱͺһˣΪڻ㶼ϵôˣôûзǰ֯ˣѵҲǰ֯ģ˧ʽ볹鰢˹ݣ˵˻а֯ļϸҲһ
ʱ˹ˡ
˿ȫҲĿѹƲסˡ
ǰ˹һ۵㣬ڱֱӵƣǼֱˢˢĳȡ
Э油ͳ˧ضдԲλͳ˧Ϣŭʲô鲻ú
Ļ䣬˹ǳضЭڼ飬ѵûһεģһβ븺ôΪڵһȫսʱأЭỹʲô׿̸кôˣǻ˼ҾþͲø
ضʱӲ˶ˣⰢ˹𵹴һʲô
Χİ
ʱð˵ĿҲɫá
˵˰֯ļϸðͬأǲðеĹҲĨˡ
㵹Ǿͦеŵ˧Ҿð˹˵ĻЩģЭʲôͣøˣðЭᣬ֮ҲһأҲԲøˡ
Ķʱȭͷ˵㣬ǰ˹
˵ǲҪʲô
һ˲䣬˹㾹Ȼվһ飬һҲǱⲨ׵⽹ۡ
޼ɿ˿֪ǸЦǸÿޡ
ǿͷѣ鷢չȫƲסˡ
˹𡢿ġضҪˣԵΪεǾǲܣҪֳȥģۺһ¸λѧԺѧԺںսϵĹ޿ɡѧԺķ޼ʦҪʮҲʵ̫ࡣȻѧԺʦҲͬѧԺҪ󡣡
λͳ˧Ҳǵ˵ͷѧԺһʮǲЪˡ
˼һ£ʮֱӿ룬ѧԺʮҲԵĹˡǵѧԺѧޣѧԺȻõʮΪ˷ֹѧԺʱһҶҲΪܻ㹻ѧԺʮ˴
λͳ˧̲ס˼
ףʵ˼ǿԸѧԺʮӦõõģֻܽȥʮˡ
ΪҲҪʮˣǼ˸ˡ
λͳ˧˼һ£һʱȻ޷Ͼ֮ǰ޼ɰѧԺĹ˵ؼͰ˹ʺְѧԺ̧úܸߣѧԺһƺ˵ȥ
޼Ȼû˿̲סĴָⲨĿԡ
û֮󣬼ʣµһٶʮҵںսϵսʿ࣬ҲײСȷʵӦöһ㣬ԸǶʮڻʣµһٸеЭᡢ澺̡˿ԸʮЭðǸʮ⻹ʣҴ壬ԭŴҲס
λͳ˧ܲôʮͼǱй¶˳ȥĽɶɭ϶Ͳڼˣֻһѡ
ھڼѾҳˣδؾͻˡ
һ壬˾˵ʲôֻΪúá
λͳ˧ǳ˼
вضͿԾ硣
ǿ˶ҪҲ޿ɺǡ
ŪһȦѧԺӮңҲðλͳ˧Щ졣
һ޼Ͼ¶ЦݣѾ˼λҪͳ˧ˣѧԺҪ׬һˡ
ⲨϬ


1811 ڹѫ˴ĵ̣
ȻǱֻȾһЦ޼ʦһЩɡЩСӲôͻƲԲ񾳽磬ɾҪһᡣ
޼⻰̲סЦˡ
һЩô
޼ɶƤģֻһ仰۸ߵģѫ㱨ۡ
սѫӲͨ
⻰ƺ˾һ㣺һڹѫһʮȫҪˡ
һβ÷޼˵ˣλͳ˧Ц
֪ô˼˵⻰ģһڹѫҲֻҺģҺܸʲôԲ۳һǧġҪʮ½ȥÿ˶ֻһöСǧ㶼ܻرˡǧöСǧٸ˽ȥƽÿ˶ܻöʮöˡ
ʱ򣬰˹ߵڹѫһȫҪˡ
һӾ͸
޼ɳ˼һ£ʵ۸ԣϾһĽױԴҲżڹѫ
Ȼļ۸ߵĺܣⶫҪǼֵǣڲҪһĲֵ
ƲƲ죬ڹѫһʮǧڹѫҪǽȥһǿɾͿˡ
Ȼƽÿ˶ܻøʮöСǧɵʱ϶˭ʵǿ˭õĶࡣٶʵĽȥҵ϶Ҳסֻܱ˸ߡ
ʱ򣬲ضˣߵЭһԸڹѫ㣬ȫҪ
޼һǿˣⲼضڱ˹
ոⰢ˹ͷϣͺ޼˰˹
˹üͷضĻǽȥλʵ֪ЭһаɡһЩλ棬óֵҲǼˣ˧ʮõˡ
ضĬˣ֪˹Ƿ̣ͬҲʵ
۵ǿߣȷʵҵġ
Эʵóǿߡ
ضǱ˹˵˶̴ҲֳЦܵôЭǮôˡڹѫһôСǮѡƣһǮ޲뻨ģ
˹ʱض˵ࡣ
ЭϽǼСǺкУȱľǮ
˴ʵǿˣǮľЭᡣ
λͳ˧ʱҲ˵ˣضȻҪʮǻûϷ
޼ɱЦ˹Ҫټӵ㣬ֻҪЭ᲻Ǹ̫࣬ҿȫ̡
˹ɵĿ˿޼ɣŵڹѫһ
޼ɻû˵ʱضѾѿڶЭһǧڹѫһ
ʱ˹ˡ
һӰѼ۸ᵽһǧڹѫһʮǾһڹѫ㣬ЭͲ
ϾСǧгҲڿ鲻ྦྷң൱ʮڹѫ㡣ƽÿȥ˻öʮöСǧҲڹѫ㣬һڹѫ㻹ԶǽȥʮһöǧˣȻⱾ
޼ЦЦ۸ʵѾ⣺˹ͳ˧治ټӵˣǲǹѫ㲻ˣҪλͳ˧ǽ㹦ѫ㣿Ȼ費ĻҲһȫôЭһǧڹѫһһǧڹѫһֻҲǿԵġ
˹ŷ޼ɣһû˵ˡ
һǧڹѫһѾˣʲôأɲԩͷ
ϾǧҲֻͻƵԲ񾳽磬ֲ񾳽硣
޼Ͳض˽ףĻصѧԺפء
һڹѫĲˣô๦ѫ㹻ǧҺǧλһ·λ񾳽硣
һȫսʱ̩ΪһųôĹͣɱϰλҲŻʮһڵĹѫѧԺʲôûиȻѧԺҪĶʮ׬ô๦ѫ㣬ʲôġ
ȥ֮󣬷޼ɰ˵ˡ
̲סЦѧԺȻҲʮͻƵλ񾳽ѧʮѧոͻƵλ񾳽粻꣬ǽȥΣֻ̫Ҫʮ͹ˡڶȡʮʮ׬һڹѫ㣬ջ񡣡
޼ɵ˵ͷЩ⣺ȫͰ˹λͳ˧Ȼô˳õʮ治ܡ
ЦЦ֪ܲ
ѧԺȻںսĹ󣬵ԨսѪɽսǺսԼսĴվ˴Ĺ׸ֻ˴ͳ˧Ǳ޼ɸסˣֱͰ˹һңϡͿʹӦַ䷽ʽ
ȻõҲұ֤ȥĶʮѧԺѧܻǧ
һΰ˴ɽȥĿ϶ǸţΪľͻƾ硣
ⷽ棬˴ĵ̻ҪѧԺġ
û취˴̫ࡣ
ͬ츳ģеһѣǰ˴֮вһЩ츳ġ
ȽѧԺ͵ʵռơ
У˵Ϊǿߵĵط̩޿ɶǳѾ磬̩ͻƳɹҲΪ⻹ֻǴˡ֮бͻлʥ޹õλǿվԽ̵Ժлϵ񾳽硣
ȻлĻлŸǲ֪
Ϊڵ˵Ҫһ֮ͻƵླ磬Ҫڵʱ仹Ҫʮ
ҲֻǴлѡ
ڰλͳ˧֮Уɭʱʵ㶼Ҫ̵öࡣ
ᣬһ̶ҲǱ
澺ðˣ澺ͨһıԣܱѡеҲһʤ𲽣Щ˶֮ͬеٮٮߡðҲˣͨðÿһð֮гɹģȻͳΪصˡ
Ҳ⣬ܳΪ洫ӵĸ츳ڡ
˪ìܵ˵̵ĳţʵҲֻһʽӶѣҲͱЩͨǿһЩʦץȥƿ棬̺ǨŭѧԺǷѧԺ֮󣬰ץĲȥˣûȥ̵İ˹𣬸ǵûһ벻⡣
еЭᡢЭԼⷽԶ
֮⻹оŵһʮˣ֪ЩǸսºպսλսʿ
ЩλսʿʵҲСǸսȫǻ˳սʿŵġ
ǳ˼һ£˵սʿȻսḻĹ󶼼ªδܶѧǲвؼǰ˴ŽȥˣֻһЩǧĹҲͻһЩͨӻʽӽȥҲЩšǵĻѧԺѧӦûǺƵģ˵ÿ˶ܶǧǶʮӦòѡ
ֻǵ˵ڶ죬ͲôΪˡ


1812 ŵ޹
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊǻɳλڵӹ
λΪڵģ츳Ժܸߡ
˵֣һ׶٣Ϊֹǧ꣬һΪֹֻһǧꡣ
λҪ֮пٸСǧ磬ܿٳŰٸСǧﵽλ۷塣
λ۷֮ϣҪԲ񾳽绹ҪһٸСǧ硣
ȻһǧСǧһǧ磬䵽ʱḶ́ӶƾݣԲ
֮УСǧ翪ٵԽԽ࣬ռ䲻ССǧҲԽԽѡŰٸСǧ絽һǧСǧḶ́ȴҪ֮ǰپŰٸСǧ缸ʱСںһöǧǧһǧ磬൱ֱӾӵһǧ硣ʱ˵һٸСǧûпٳǸͻƵλ񾳽磬Ϊǧ֮£׾ٿٳİٸСǧ硣
ҲλУλĻԦǧ󷴶ԼˣʱɾͲˡ
ʵҲˣٳСǧԽ࣬ʹǧͻƵԲ񾳽Խ򵥡
ˣĿǰ׶Ѿ֮пٳ˾ŰʮСǧ磬Ѿٳ˾ŰپʮĸСǧ硣
ǱѾλԼĻҲֻҪǧͿͻˡ
ǣѧԺ֮ĿǰٶʵҲֻǿٳ˾ŰپʮСǧ磬Ҧܣֻٳ˾ŰСǧ磬ٺԼСǧ綼Ű٣ֻа˰ٶ㡣
ѧĻֲһ㡣
ȻٳСǧֻ㴢ж󣬲սСǧԽ࣬϶սռơ
ţеЭᰲŵҲˡ
һĻеţٳСǧŰپʮ˸֮࣬Ȼӵж塣
Ҳռһ»鱨꾹ȻԻɱԲ񣬶һֹһλ
Ȼ澺ŵˣҲ˱Ƚһ¿һ͸ȫ澺ȡһǧʤλ
˵ʵҲǲСܻҪǿڻ
ʮ̵֮Ҳˣʮ澹Ȼ洫ӡ
һһأĶǶȷ֮ġ
һ֮ð˺ЭҲˡ
Щǣð˺ЭʮˣǲضѴѧԺ򵽵ʮðˡ
Щ棬ðһٵŮӼֲ˵ðǱġͬЭһλѷģҲЭصšѷѾٳһǧСǧ磬ǲʹǧʵͻƵԲ񾳽ˡЭᰲӦֻüöǧ
ã˺ҪҲˣʱҲֻ˵ˡ
ѧԺפء
ЦЦǰ̫ˣ˴ȻΪ˰ôŹᡣ
ǵ˵ͷҲ֪˵ʲôá
룬ȻЩصҪȥҲźˣھȱ˵ˡ˵Ϊ˵޹ǱҪһˣڶڵˣԲŵˡ
ʱ̲סüͷ˵ܽ޹ĶһЩǿվѪᣬԭʼ֡޹ЩĶˣû뵽޹ҲȤԹᡣ
ǰ˴֮ǿģ޹˵ʥأ߳˶ʥʥŮޱȣԺǱҲޱȾ޴
޹һˣҲߴζ벻ġ
Ͼ֮ǰҲͲ²⣬˾㲻ˡ
˵ͷԺҲ̫ģѧԺѧǺǿġ˵ģĿǰЩ棬һûп˭Ķ֡
ǿЦãһ˶ѧԺѧǿѧԺͿֱӹˡ
˼ģǺȻһ飺˵ˣСȥ̫һ嶼ЩˡǰЩʱ˵ҪǺ˵һôʱȲȥŪǴôٻȥҲ֪ôˣǲŪ˵Ǹôˣ̫һҲˣп÷޼ʦһ¡
뵽СȣЦЦѾͷ龫֣ҵֻ̫һû뵽Ѿͷֿ˼ҵʲôôҹƵ̫һĲˣ͸ûˡ
̲סһЦȻСħŮſɲǰġЩ꣬ѧԺ徻١

פء
˵ʵ㶼Щ±ƣ޹ʥʥŮҪûЩʥʥŮҪλȥֱҪһöͺˣЩϼһﻹܸ˵
Աߣɭ΢䡣
ɭǻעǧܻ࣬޹ҪһʥӻʥŮûˡ
㿴ɭεң治֪ô¡޹ʥʥŮ𿴶ԷֻλΪҼ˶ҪϹϾġ
˵һ㶼١
Ȼ˵ǿһҲǸˣ޹ʥʥŮԺٶ񾳽ġ
޹Щ˵ǱҪηĵط
ɭû˵ʲôҲʲʲôתˡ


1813 ףۣ
ܿ͵Լʱ䣬˵˴˿̻ûе
ѧԺߣǿŴ˴ѧԺŵĶʮˣֱ󡢻졢Ҧܡ֮ƾ㡢ơ顢һɡФĺݡĭ׳ڤѩ⡣
Щѧ棬ʵǿҦܣǻ졢ơ顣
ʣµѧಢ󣬲ֵһ˵Ǳڤѩˡ
츳ڣӵгǿսʶ֮ͬΪͶԷܴ󣬿ȴսʤ֮ô׷ϣҲӵλΪѾ뵽ѧԺĵһݶӡ
ǵ˵ͷѶʮλѧ˷޼ɡ
޼ɴߺǵǰһˣס
ɡǿ˿ף֪⣬ǲǸоѹ̫ѧԺôѧͻƵ˲ླ磬ڤѩѧѧѾͻƵλ񾳽磬ֱ׷ѧѧ
׵ͷЦһЩסˡԺһֱ˵Ĺ⣬ͻȻءѧԺѧѧ˰˰ˣȴͣڽ۾磬ླ綼޷ͻơҳ׵֮ԱȻﲻ˵֪ʵѾٷҡ
֪֮һжҪʵ˵ѧԺʵҲһ
õѧɼãʵǿŷ
׵ԱͻƵླ磬ȴûͻƣԱȻ뷨
ǳ˼Ƭ̣׵ļǰǺڰģδؽǹġԽͻƣͬԺǱԽÿ˶һΪǿ߾Ҫ̵סƶջ͵סįڱ˿ʱҪܼꡣ
׵˵ͷѡ鼦
ЩʵҲǵһκ˵ˣЩ٣׶ѡš


˴ηľ޻˿Ҳͽȥ
ðˡЭᡢ̡еЭᡢ澺˵Ѿȫ롣
˹˿Ƶضνȥʮ˿ɶ֮еţͱأ洫ӡ㲻ǻһڹѫѧԺʮôξ͵Ѫ޹ɡ
˵ţ˹˿ЭİѷЭصţΪǿԣٳһǧСǧ磬ҲˣӦֻһͻƵԲ񾳽硣ӣƶûɱ˰ɡ룬ЭйԱ֮ѡİɡ
⻰ضֱҪըˡ
ЭĹԱǸʲôģ˵˾ǰҵԱͲսԱ
˵ѷǴӹԱ֮ѡģʵڳЭûˡ
һ㣬˹ȴ˵ˡ
Ǿѷ츳ԼΪԣЭĴ󻷾ˣս鷽ȷʵԶ̵ţ˵澺Լð˵ˡ
ضŭ֮£ߵţһǧᵽ
˵ţض˦ȥ
˹˼һ£ǿһЩʲôߣôеתðˣð˴ɵʲôЭɡ
λͳ˧һЦЦҲ˵
Щ飬֪
ߣɭһѧԺǱߵѧ˼һ¶Բ׶ٺͰνȥ֮ҪرעһѧԺЩѧһٵСǧ粢࣬ŰٸСǧĿҲˡѧԺ󷨺Ƕʮ˲óʲô󷨣ʱסκ˿϶⡣
׶ٺͰѧԺһѧʱ衣
еǱߣФҲڶԻЭð˿϶ǴʲôСĲҪΧˡ⣬ȥһʮλսʿ֮п϶ҲбģҲҪע⡣βԣҲ˺˵ʵӦǿģòҪǺΪǺûлȨӦѧԺЩѧǵһܺõĺ󣬶֮ǷڣҲ޼ƿʩ
˵ͷҲŽȥ֮ĸ
ߣضЦǶΪʤȯˣʱ򿴿˭Ц󡣲ˡ˹εӣȥ֮ҪѰȰռƻ˶ˡʱûˣȻȫǵġ
˶ͽ˹˵ͷʮ㡣
ѧԺߣ޼ҲһѧŵϢ
֮󣬶ЩصһһҵǲκˣЩ˼ƻδػһһ
ʮλѧҦܡ֮⣬˶ҲЩġ
ϾԵҲţȫܵһͬλ
˵ģǧ粻һٸͨԲ񣬹ƶδЩǵĶ֡
ʱһһȥ
˹ȵĶЩˣ㣬ʲô˵˻
һ۰˹ң˭ȥٵȵȣӦþ͵ˡ
λͳ˧ã˿˹ıԹ֮ҲǲЩԹԡ
ضߺߵ治֪ôģôȻһ޹ʥʥŮǲ̫Сˡ
뵽λ޹ʥʥŮҲ̲סüͷ㣬˵޹ʥʥŮͬ޵СλʥʥŮʲôݣͲȸǴҽһ£ϾߵɶѾ˽ˡ
⻰λͳ˧Ҳǿ㡣
ЦǿҲûã治֪ʥʥŮ飬˭ȥϡ˵ӦһλʥŮս޹Ҳʱ䣬ȥʱҲ͸ͻƵλ񾳽磬ʵӦҲûôǿ
ͻƵλ񾳽粻һλ޹ʥŮ
ȷʵʱеˡ
űλ޹ʥŮĴη壬˿ȴ΢һ㡣
һȺ͸ŵλʥŮ˸֮̾࣬ҲǶ޹˾η
ǻʹˣϹȡ
ֵһСʱ˺Ȼоһռ䲨
ֻǰƽĿռ䣬Ȼʲô˺һӣȻͿǸ֮һԲʮɢźɫâ塣
ⶫ˲䣬˶һ׼㡣
ôض̲סʿˮ˶ˡ
ۣɭҧҧûмǴĻƳƵķʵܼ򵥣˵˾ֱӲ׽һС棬СϵѹۣٹעȥγһƶǷɴһķ
λͳ˧֪ܲ˿ҲǾޱȡ
һ̫ˣ˵ģ벶׽һСأҪʱ䡣
۵ҲǾ޴ģȫ߶γɵܰһϵǣ
ǳҹȥ˶ܰҵķ顣
ӵһۣ͵ȼģ˶Ҫӡ
Ҳ̫ƴˣһ㲻˭ɴݡ֪޹һλʥŮҶΪλˡλ޹ʥŮӰФЦ
λͳ˧γˡ
ΪλʥŮμܶõ۶ˣǶߵĴ
ѧԺߣ޼ҲһĽڷ֮ʱһʲôⰵҪĴӴܡҲ޹ĳȻЭȣĲһ㡣
һѧҲͬݣ˧ˡ
ƾ촽ʲôۣܲ
ѧ⻰ĿǸոûôһӣ嶼Ҫҵķ顣
㻹Ĳɡ
ƿռ䣬ĳϿգԲʮʵֻѹĴС
ۻָԭĴСսᱻС
˴˿̶ǳȥΪ۴ʶᱻ档
˼һ£ԼӦȥӭһ¡
ûйȥֻǱ߾Ȼɳʮλ
ʱһ
ô۾ˣȻʮλ񱣼ݻ
һ飬ڸо޹˵ľ޴ˡ
ʮλ֮ʮλԣһλˡ
λƲʵ֮ǰ̩ޡ
һ·˸ǰһֱδ˵Ľ˧ʥŮҪȥĶʮλŶϡʥŮҲλ˵Ϊ˴ҵʱ䣬ʥŮҲбǸΪһʥŮʹǰĿĵء
Եȥ˴˿̶̲ס۾һ
˶λʥŮҲӺˡ


1814 ʥŮ
˼һ£˵ͷ
ڻ˸֮УҪЩλȥҲҪѳĸСʱʱ䡣
Ǽʻ۹ȥҲǰСʱ顣
ۿƿռ䣬ֱӽпռ䴫ͣȶĿռϵ
룡
˵ţ˵¼ۡ
һ̣˶к棬λͳ˧Ҳһ
Ͼӵ۵Ķ࣬ЩʵҲûе½ۡ
ͷİλͳ˧ԼѧԺķ޼ʦں棬ǺҪȥλš
תۣ˷ۡ
ʮ﷽ԲǺܴġ
ԹԣǿЩ֮бȽϣɵġھĹѫһ棬Ŀǰһϣһ۸㹦ѫǧྦྷһƾ˶Ҫˮˡ
һ£Χ˳ǧϣֵǧڹѫ
ѧǺǺˣǺ۲˰ɡ
ȻҲĶֵƣеЭһλָָһװõĻ԰ֲҩܶ඼Ƹ߽ҩģһƬһٶݾǧڹѫ
ϸ۵ҪֵǮƶ붼Ǯ򵽵ˡ
ƾݣǺ޲ûȥֱӰ˴ߡ
һ·ȥ֮࣬ϵҲ˽⡣
ʵһС磬ľס֮
תۣ˵˺֮
ֻһ޴¶칬ڹ֮и޴ĻɫȼһλλѾ׼λ
ʥŮǵˡ˵ţȻȴǵԽ˧ʵ˵λʥŮ޹ر𲻺ǵŰ裬޷죬Ǿ޹һԡһʥŮʲôԵĵطһҪ¡
˧žȻ˵˵޹ǿǾʵҲκһҪ㹻ء
⻰Щ𾪵ĿŲ㻹ʲô˵
ЦЦһ½ϧһλʥŮʵҲһ¾ĺøС
ƺ˶Է˼ЦЦָ뵽˴֮С
λͳ˧˿Ҳν롣
ʥŮ˶ˣ
˵ţʱǱ˵һŮӻתͷﻹһöܸߵȼš
ҲһǣЩЦá
λͳ˧Ҳϸλ޹ʥŮЩη֮ɫ
ϾܳΪ޹ʥʥŮԺȻǰ;ޣɾͺܻܿᳬǡ
ǶλϵʥŮ˵ţȻЦŵʦ޹˵֮лȥˣ˾ںս˧㿴Ҳɣҿ޹ʥŮۣŶʮλ񱣼ݻ
ޱȣҲЩΪεʦˡ
СһЦΪλҿ׼˺ܾãǺܺ䶯ô
Աߵİλͳ˧±ƣ֪ʲô
ǱߣѾɵۣ̲סʵ˧ʶʥŮ
ЦȻʶģΪ޹λʥŮͬʱѧԺѧѵ㲻֪Сȥ̫һʱҰŵģĿ
⻰ֻоವġ
Ȼ֪뷨һոڮСȣ֪ԼСȵʦ϶ˡ
СЦʦ˵Ŀ񷰡Ѿҵʦˡ
ϸ룬Ҳ֡
Сܽ޹ǿ϶ǽ뵽λ£ʦһλ档
λͳ˧˿̶ӵɻпФ̲סһڵ˧ûĻ˼λʥŮѧԺѧɣ
ףţѧԺΪСĸ죬ں֮ǰͰ͵̫һ壬̫һؽֻǺСȽ뵽޹ΪӣҲû뵽ġ
֪Լˣλ˧ǿЦá
Ϊıôãû뵽ڵã˻ûнȥͳôı
޹ʥŮѧԺѧ޹ŶѧԺ֣һռʮˡ
λͳ˧йͨͬʱжѧԺҲԽ⵽ʲôһѧԺȻ˳˹ϵ
㣬˵ʵ˵ģʵ±Ƶһ
ΪȻǿֵλԺյģ鶼û˺˵һⲻǰſô
ڶЩңǵҲλͳ˧һѧԺԺǲûȥˡ
ʱСȿ˿֮󣬺ȻüͷʦϹأ
һ㶼ûзӦ
ʲôϹô
ЩѧԼǲҽ빬ء
ȻҲҲͲ֪СȺʲô뷨


1815 ϹţĹ
ʱҲɣ˻֣鷳㰲һҲ
һ£˵ʵûиС˵Ϲʲô˼
ʱ֣ܵе㷢ţЩƵľͿ
˼ֱԲˣȻýҪո˵ĻСȡ
Ц㿴ʲôȥѵҪʥŮ㡣
һʥŮָӻˣﻹ˵ʲôȥš
档
Ǵ˿ҲƵƵŵȥ˺档
ϾǶۣǵȴ޹ʥŮʲôӶûм
ǰ棬ойϤϢ֮Уֻһƣȥ
ʱ򲮸˳ͼЩŭ˿̲סǺߵһضվ
Σεĳź˼
˸ţʥŮǽȥ֮󶼸ע㣬ĶУʥŮݸ߹òҪ˵ǱʥŮǺϣԺ·ܲߡ
⻰սʿͲŶŵˡ
Ĳ׶ٺͰеЭĻ̵ͱأð˵İ٣澺İ¿Ͱ͸ЩȴǸôϡ
޹ʥŮݸ߹ǵҲ͡
޹ʥŮ΢߹ôһ㣬ôԺ˭ǿһء
ֿƣ߽
Ҳһֻǵһ̤ʱɵˣǰλʥŮʵôôСȡ
ѧԺѧҲǷˣȫǾȲѡ
ƾ̲ס磬λʥŮֱСȳһģһû뵽֮л֮ˡСĵ࣬Ҷ޹и˫̥á
ҦҲ̲ס˿̫ˣôоСȡ
⻰ѾЦãûǼûСȡ
ƾʱȾǷ㿪ʲôЦСȥ̫һ壬λʥŮ޹ġȵȣ̫һ岻Ҳ˰ɣ
⻰̲סǰƾһۣ泣ʶγ̿϶˺Ųͨİɡ
ʱ򣬲񿪿ڵʥŮЩǴ˴ҪһȥľսʿԼš
Сȵ˵ͷȻֱĿԼһȺѧԺѧ
Ѿޱȣ̲סǺţ㡣
Сȵ˵ͷͬ˷ܣߣҪôҶˣﲻûҪ
ҲɣֱӾ˹ȥ
ʱϹŵ˼ˣֻǵע⵽ʥŮλϹȻǸոԼѵǸʱĺ޲Ҹײˡ
ԼĲ죬ⶼǵڶʵˡ
һȺѧԺѧã˵ţսʿԼǸĽˡ
һ̣Ӯҡ
ѧ棬ƾ۾һתȻǵţҳȥһϻ
ɫԣæסҪʲôȥ
ȥתתķ羰ֵúúòιһ¡ƾ΢΢һЦǲҲһҲɴϵסˡţһҶĵƬǣǾͲøȥˡ
羰㵱ǴҶǰ׳أ˵˻̲סǺȵ󶼲֪ļһᱻʲô羰ס´ܻܲɡ
ĭʱЦҸҴĿ϶һ֪СȾ޹ʥŮԾȥŪô
˶𾪵Ŀƾ㾹Ȼ⡣
ƾĭʶƣһҾǵݰˣϣ˲ˡʥŮСȣҶԼˣҲԼҵĶҲԼҵĶûɡ
ԼҵĶ
˶ƾǿ߼ˣһ㶼ԼҵĶô޹ġ
ʱ̲סüͷ׼ȥ˲˵ȥҲûáЩ˻лҩнػʵƲЩơ
ƾʱһнƣ
λѧǰһ㲻ûзְɡ
ƾЩͷɥȻ󲻵ӣֻ͵̧ͷһҾǺǿЦѣǻ浱һȥ˼ҵˣ˼ҵݡǰҵʲôˣƾô顣
ʵƿơʱЦ
ģǺôƾѿھ͵ע⵽ǺЦЦӣʱ֪ԼˣɴҲ˵ˡ
ѧ겻ѣȻôҪΪͬѧҲˡ
ƾһߣ˱ӵ
Щ֪ķˣǶʲô
Ҳҵ顣
ʾһ£޻վˣλͳ˧ʱҲˡ˵һ´˴ĹȻͳ
˴˿̶Ǿ۾ǺҪġ
޻ֳСʾһ£ſʼǾ˧ģΪҲôҲҪ˺ͬʱҲڹݣλԼ
˵һǰ˼ֻ֣д
һ˱ĴͷΣռͷܴͳ
ڶ㵽ΪֹĹ֮в˼˵Ȼ󲻵ᱻһ׷
֮˶üͷȫһ
ǵڶ׼˼˵ôƶѧԺѧġ
˹̲סǵ⽪Ǵһֺ̣֪ѧԺѧԾƶĹܻܲѧԺѧܻųȻɱѧԺȥĶʮ˵ȫû
λͳ˧Ҳǵ˵ͷǽƵĶѧԺѧȽĹ
ɭҲви⣬׼˼˵Ǵ˱˵أ
޻ʱЦЦֻҪ˼˵˱˵壬Ǵ˱˵û顣ʱһҪУΣҪʱͷͻ
ɭ⻰ĵ˵ͷ
ҲΪ⻹ǽΪ˱ѧԺѧ²ŽȥãѧԺѧͻᱻȫԱ̭
޻ʱҲû˵ʲôҸҷͷ⴫ͷÿ˱ϣ뵽ռȥΪ⴫ͷܰǴͻͬʱҲܼΪǷΥ涨
⻰ˡ
ͷ֮۾˺ռ䳯õĵصȥ
ʱ棬СѾ˶˳ȥֻѧԺѧʦ
ҲдСˡ


1816 Сȵðվ
Ҳһ˸Ӻ棬ȾʵСȣģ
⻰ҲǺĽ޹ǿҲֻܸλΪʥŮ۵ݰɡ
Ͼûۡ
Сƺ֪˻ЦȻҵˣʵʦֲڣ͵͵۸ˡۿǰҲǴĿ¡Լܺиһ߾һսĹˡļԦۣҪܲУ͸ոƿռһӾҪȼյ൱һڿ鲻ྦྷָҸܣĿǰʹõĶԼܵһȥʱҲĹˡ
ǲãǮĹޡ
С˵ĸ۳ܣʵ취кܶ࣬ʹҺͲྦྷԣ԰עȥ
Ҧܵ˵ͷЦòģȻЩ񽢶ͿˣǵĴҲ̫ˡ֮ǰǸʱһȺûУȴǿųܣǸоȫһ׼ġ
ѧҲͬС
СסԥһЦʦ˵˰񾳽Ͱ۵͸Ұ
ҦܺǺǣܵҸղŵĻû˵ô
ѧϵЦҲʧˡ
޼̲סҪЦСȣʦֻǴ󷽣۶һ㼶ˣ˵͸͸㡣
СȴЩɻۺôֻʦ˵˵ģǰͱսʱ⣬һ㿴˼óֱӸ˼һȭˡ
޼ɶЦˣǻĴ˵İɡ
λѧû˵ʲôǰһɾСͻƵ񾳽磬ʱôҲҪŪһ񽢵ݲаɡ
˲ĵģñƾʵʮλأıڣ
Сҡҡͷôҵıڣ̫ˡ
⻰ƾоˡ
Ͼ޼ϸ˵ҲֻһսСҪʮλ񵱱ڣƸҲ̫ˡ
ֻСȵʵ޹ˣ˵ɡ޹ֻʥʥŮѰλָĲࡣЩ˲ٶµ˼涼죬ôܰ뵽£Щֲ뿪ô죿Ǿ͸ΪֻͣΪ޹Ļᡣ
˶ǵһʮ˾Ȼֻ˶ѣˣҲֻ޹ɡ
ô£㻹˵ıڡ
޼ϸ֮󣬲֣һҲǱľΪ޷ͻãĲࡣǼĲģֲԸΪһ˿ϣѡΪ
С룬˵ͷ
Ͼ޹Ĵڣܵõָ㣬Ȼ̥ǣһɳ졣
һȺѧһᣬȻСȣЩ˵˵ô޹ģ
С⻰Щ˷ܵ˵ܽ޹ǿǾ裬Ŀ顣̫֮УһǿĲȻһԪûɵĲ֮Ȼһ˼ǿĶ֣뵽ޣһĿʼ
ĻȤת˶ˡ
˵õ裬أͼҲ̫˰ɡ
ĭ̲סһЦСȣǸܽһ¡˵ʹصһʱһȷ򣬸궼ֵĲ֮ʱѪףӵ˳漶ѪȻҾͲ˵˰ɣ涼ˣ԰յ¡
Сͷ
޼ɴ˿̶һЦãʲô裬ʲô飬һ·ɽ޹ġ
һȷ֮Ѫﵽ漶⵽ʲôô¶һ̯ˡ
СЦЦʵ̲ҪˣӣԺ۸ҵû
⵹ǵ˵ͷһ˿ɲӣʵеˡ
תۣСʱ͹ȥˡ
ͣ˶˳
λǵˡ޻˵ſͷһƬȲȶĿռ䣬ȥڵ磬ΪѾ޷ƿⷽ磬Ŀռ伫䲻ȶǿռݻпռһ뵽УͷȻռ֮ɱˣ˭ҲȲǡ
һЩأ֪ռ֮Ŀ¡
˵ڻֻλ񣬾ͻƵԲ񾳽磬ռݺͿռҲҪܿ
޼룬ҲǸѧǵռͿռݺ治֪ʲôòҪȥǵʵסֿռ֮˺ʵ˴ɵĿռݺͿռǿռ֮Ҳܰǵ˺ѳɷ顣
ѧǵ˵ͷʱȥһѡ񼤷ͷ뿪
ʱǿռ仺سһڣͨѾһò֪ߵĲ
һȣ쾳֮еǿֱǸոճӤ


1817 ̬ϵͳۣԻ飡
޻ʱ𣺡飬ЩҪȥˣǾͽˣٴθлʱ̶Ĺס
⻰ǿռ֮дһɳƵŮ̫ˣ汾Դ򶼱ˡǵ̣СǧǧǧҲԺΣʵһִٳɵġ
λأһȺǻ޷е˼
Ҧܳ˼һ£Ļʲô˼˵汾ԴҪΪֵµô汾Դʲôõģ㿴ٶԶˣֶԲǵѹǰܶ಻ͻƵླ˶ͻˡ
˼һ»صʵҲǺ⣬ԺҲоһУԺһ۵㣬˵汾Դñ̬ϵͳֺñֽ뵽̬ȦӦû첻̬ϵͳĵزԺɺ̶ܴ汾ԴԭɵģǰǸʱ˿ľˮʧȼú̿ʯͺȻЧӦһ
һȺѧ󣬵˲١
ҦЩ𾪵Ŀ񣺡Ժһô£㾹ȻȥôԺ󲻻Ժоɣ
󣬵ǵ˵ͷΪ˱øǿҪоеĵһѧʣֻжѧʣ°빦벻ңǴѧҵ֮ӦöԺһȫͶ뵽о֮УҲѧԺѧ塣
һȺѧǿЦǴ˿̴Ҷɵˡ
ԺǴѧҵҲҪȥоļٵģ
ʲôо
û˵ʲôʵһֱһܰѧϰˡûнѧԺ֮ǰһѧԡоʵǺԸȥ
һȺѧԺѧ˵ţ޼ȴоһʶɨ˹ʱüͷ
ʶȥƺð
ˣȥɡ
޻˻֣һʮȽȥ
˴ڵõʾ֮󣬽
ǵϡ
СȵȻѧԺѧҲν롣
棬޻˻ص档
ʱǰʾʾˣһš
λǽ֮ͻ߻׶ΣΪڿҪʱ䣬԰꣬ﾲؿžͺˡǰѳ˵ǰͷ˴ôκκκԹԣ˽±
λͳ˧һ£˵ͷ
Ϊһȥʵֵã󡣴˴ֻǹغǸѣȻһĿ
ʮڹС綼֮¡
ԵĿԿҶѾƣҲѾѿ泯ɢ֣ЩӦ뵽ԪĸҲøɱģ̽С
ͷֻһٶʮԪ
һԪ47304000꣬һٶʮԪʵҲʮǧ꣬൱ں֮һٵʱ䡣
汾ԴûбʵȫܻһٰʮԪͻƵ˴Բ񾳽磬ԻٸԪ
һ֦ϣüͷ
Լ֮ûѧһ飬Ǳ͵һطӦҲˡ
룬ʶֹȥΪĿռܲȶһſռͿռ̮ʶҲֻܿԲ˰ΪʶҪܿĿռͿռ̮ʶΧ滹ä
˰֮ڲûзҪ뿪
ɾʱһ뵽Ժ
㼸ôóǿʶ
ǡ飡񲻾ɫһЩţ뻹ǵ˵ͷ
Ҹո˵Ļú˼˵ԺΪ汾Դԭɵģ汾Դ̬ϵͳܺϸ˵˵ôƺǺ档
û뵽֪ȻôǿڴˣҲֻһ֪⣬ܸʵҲࡣ
ЩҲֻԺĲ²⣬Ժڼ֮жᵽƵĹ۵㡣ԺΪ汾ԴĴǶǵƣҲǶǵıͺñЩϵһЩûоͻɳĳ֣̬ͻƻڵγÿ޳ÿһ˶׳Ϊ࣬һᱻĹ⣬ʱҲͱȻ汾Դʵֻ׶ѡ
ţĬ˺ܾõԺһλߣҾ˵ĺеΪܸоİʲôһУȷʵ̫жϡֻãԼĻǻʲôˣЩ˵һУΪʲô
Ĭˣ޷𰸣ΪЩǶûŪס
ʵҸо編ϢӦ編ɣ֪㡭ԺԷô
˼һ£Ժ淨һ֮˵õķʽȽԽҲͶԽߣҲԽ󡣴˴߶򷢻ӳǿֻ൱ڻеܣеʹ÷򷢻ӳǿȴ൱ڵܣ˷ӳǿȴﵽԭܡ
˵ͷ˼⣬һһ𡣲֪ʶˮƽҲޣԺܶ𰸶ֻհǵĻ
ڲˣʱԺ֮гһͼͼ֮кܶ㣬ʮرĴ
һ֪ĵͼˡ
Ҿ㻹кһ˺ܲһƺһ˲߱ĶЩǧڵλãѭȥҵһöͿͻƵԲ񾳽ˡ˵ţشĳˡ
лصǸҪôûа취һ£
ҲЩʵٻ꣬ҾѾûҪˡ汾ԴٻңҪҵҲԼѡ񡣡˵ʶȥĻ֮Уûиоκεıʹ
Ĭãһ編Ȼµ
粻Ӧл
Сǧ硢ǧ绹Ǵǧ磬ȫһԱĺһ涼ʱЩҲ᱾ܵѡΪع棬Լĸס
編һ˲һ¥Լһ˿
Ӱһʧ


1818 λͳ˧ɵۣһȷ
Ϊ֪ʮöǧλãȫԩ·
һöǧ೬һڹ
Ļȫһ֮ھܸϵ
ҪܿռݺͿռҪѸʱ䡣
һСʱŸϵ
ҵˡ
ֻһݻƵ֦棬һöСɫʵ
͸ǹʵǧ硣
磬λͳ˧Ҳһ
˹𵱼ЩѧԺѧɣǺôͷһöǧȣĿǰҲĸ˸ҵСǧǧûȫ죬ھǷˣҲֻöǧ֮УܿҲöǧʱٲ˻
λͳ˧˵ͷǻûгĻժʵûκô
Ͼһ磬ûгζ绹ûг͡
ҵҲҪС
ΧתһȦ૵öǧҪһµʱܳ죬ҲŲʱĻȰöʱٻ
˵ţóһ鲻ྦྷʼ󷨡
һĲྦྷȥǧľʹǰôʧˡ
һ̣λͳ˧ɵˡ
˵ضЩ˧ѧԺλѧˣ󷨰˾ǵҲֲööȥ˻ô᣿
⻰̲סЦû˵ܰɣôˣԼı¡ҪҲܰǻ᲻ʹã
ʱضƿԡ
ɭ˼һ£ɣȷˣΪ˱֤ٱ˷֣˧˵˧ѧԺʦǣҲʲôΥġѧԺλѧҲЩ뵱ȻȻʱܰǵʱ򣬻˲յΧʱ򸽽˻ܸӦġ
ضҲ֪ԼЩ³çˣʱЩڡ
񻹲֪ŵڶöǧȥ
һСʱҵ˵ڶöǧ
һ̣˴ͳ˧±ˡ
˵ҵһöǧҵ˵ڶöô¡
ٿˣǧӰӶûмء
編ƣöǧҲ󷨸Ȼֱöǧ
Сʱҵ˵öǧ
ʱ澺ͳ˧Щסˣ̲סʵ˧ѧԺλѧǲѰܣǰǰҲͲСʱʱ䣬һ˾ҵöǧҹ۲һ£ȥöǧ·߶ģ֪Ҫȥĵطǧһ
֪ôش˵ʵûи㶮ô¡
һҲʮöǧһҵöһ
˶ڵԼĽͣ²ҲѧԺλѧķйءǿ֪ܲλѧԺѧһȷ編밡編ĻҲʲôͨĵط
λͳ˧һͦе
ֻɭʱȴ裺編ҲһֺǿһȷλѧȻ編ʵ϶С
λͳ˧⻰Ҳǵ˵ͷ
еĿФʱһµҪҲһȷǴ˴νȥһȷǷֱð˵İ٣澺İ¿ս򡣻Ĳ׶٣ǻȻ˵СȣǲСȶѧԺģһѧԺܳһȷˣ̫ˡ
һȷѧ
̲סЦˣǶѧԺѧһ㶼˽⡣
˵ض˿̲ˣ۸ûһȷǰɣͺߵһȷôڿɲǰˣ汾ԴԽԽԺһȷ˿϶һץһѡ
⻰λͳ˧޷粵
ǰ֮ҪֵȼΪȱѷһ̶ȲͻƵླ磬ξǷȼԽߣԺܴﵽľԽߡñһͨȷȥͻƵ磬Ǽǲܵ顣汾ԴڲǵƶʧҴǱߵõϢǰȷѾвͻƵ硣汾ԴڶαЩδزܽһͻƵ񾳽硣
汾ԴӰѾԤϡ
ЦЦȻҲ˵ͲҪˣΪзڣʱ߽׷϶ǿ
޼ɵ˵ͷǺ׾˽Ļ
λͳ˧ƺףǵѧԺԺһƬоᵽֻǶһáֻǰ汾ԴЩ÷ʽһԣϵп͸߿һֻ÷ʽ˳ͨԣΪࡣ汾Դ൱ʲôп͸߿ûˣѧʲôͿѧʲôҲӦˡʱ򲻴Щ÷ʽʧЧˣ෴ʱյЩ࣬θߵ˻øǿ
˲ӣҲٶָָͣĻѧԺǸôҵһöǧ
λͳ˧⻰ת˹ֻǿǻڲǸɫá
⵽Ҫʲôѵ㻹еɣ


1819 ʮö֮
ⶼǵöǧˣҪ˵ûпԶλǧ˭š
ЦЦǱңҲ֪ô£˵Ѿ˵ˡոɭͳ˧˵ôҵǧɲһܻáǧ˲ʱ򸽽˶Ϲᡣ
λͳ˧һ£ĿǰҲֻˡ
ڼڽʮ֮ڣһѶʮöǧ󷨸˷ֵֻö
ʵϣʣöǧѾö˷֣öҲ˷֡
Ȼ϶еǧһ
˿̶̲ס²Ǳ̬ЩǧѾģһ˾ܻðѶʮöǧôǧЩǧʱ򣬾ȽԶ˿϶Ϲ˾ͻСܶ࣬ǧĻҲӡ
ɭ˺γ֪ʵ̫ˡ
ФЩΣЦЦѧԺȻ˶ʮöѧԺѧʵǿҾúܴἸö֮ѧԺѧͱȫԱ̭ʱٶҲûáûõ
λͳ˧ʱ۾һǼпܵ顣
һУһöǧ컹һµʱ䣬ڳʵСǧ
ʱȥѧϡ
ϾνĶţԵĻη壬ҪǱһΧĻҲбֱ̭Ŀܡ

ĳ
Сһλ˵һöСǧǸոշֵġ
ǰĸĳսʿԼһð˵ţҲһöСǧڱصá
ȻǸҪǧһöСǧֵڲྦྷ൱ʮڹѫսϻɱһԲҲͲžܻһڹѫСǧûãҲڻ֮۵ûõĲྦྷȥԼõԴ
ʥŮǷֵĵһöСǧҿмӾͳˣ˵ŵ˿̶ˮ
ˣСȻͷ˿ȻŶǻǺģһöСǧܶȫ˰ɡ
˶ʱޣ˵Ҳ̫˰ɡ
С룬νСǧпޣǧҪĻҲʦԸҴҪֻǹո֣˳Ϲͬѧûô
ӰʮǱ
СȿԷӣͷãҪĻǾҿĿһֱð˵ǸţƺܼɵӣͽңȥԸĸսʿ
⻰дϲ
ĳսʿȻˣЩսʿûһʮ㡣
ð˵λţһͲ򵥡
ʥŮֶԸð˵ţǻöСǧʥŮ϶ҲмҪʱɾͱˡ
λĳսʿҲڰԽǾþɳϳС޹ʥŮȴҲ᲻սˡͬð˵λŽȲжϳСӦǿġöСǧõİ취λĳսʿ֡
ûǾͺĬĴһ¡
ŸʲôְСȴߴˣƺЩ͡
һûзӦ
С˵⻰һ˲䣬λսʿˣֱС˹
ǳսֵ֪Ҫԡ
ǵĶҡӭȥסˡ
Ȳ￴СȻûȴ۾һתˣ־һȻ˲λĳսʿȰ̭ˡ
һҪһԲǶ֡
ɾʱСȳˣһȭȲȥ
ȲֻоֲĻ֮ϮҪճɷ飬ŵ˺
һϲʥŮǺܿ׵ġ
СһȲЩͷٴȲǳֿȭá
ȲЩоСȶӣƺûз
ô˵Ҳðصţ޹ʥŮҲλ񾳽磬ٳСǧ綼Űٸҡѵ㻹ܼ֮ڰһܣԲܣ
ȲţһնСȡ
СȿһȴһĨ΢Ц㶼ӭȥ
㣬ʲôѵԼ޹ʥŮҾͲҿȲһЩţô˵սôҲǶױԴǴԲ񶼲Ӳô˻㣬һն϶Ҳն塣Լģֲңֻն壬ûɱ޹Ҳҵ鷳˵ǹƽ֡
ڣһȥ
ȲֻһնСȵϣȻһСȵըˣϢʲôҲʧĸɸɾ
⡭Ȳ￴Ļ棬ɵˣģֻ壬ûɱˣˣ϶λ޹ʥŮոͻƵλ񾳽磬Ҳû뵽Ҷ֣ûз֮¾ͱһӴˡ
һ̣Ȳܻš
˵ģ涨ǲɱ˵ģɱˣɱĻ޹ʥŮô졣
ʵĻһᷢһӣͽвСɱʥŮô죬ߵȣܼ
ҲһĻͬܵСȵϢѾʧĸɸɾʱޱȾָָȲ㣬ɱʥŮ군ˣ
ȲֶڷôҲû뵽Լһ̯Ĵ¡
λսʿҲ±ƣǻΪСǿģ֪һͱð˵Ÿɱˡ
ʵʼϲ˿Ƕ֪ôźˡ
ɾʱĻȴ˲ٴξۼȻȲﶼûзӦʱһȭͷͺؿڡ
ȲһѪ̧ͷͿСаЦݡ
С죬Ūŵģôô׾ɱңô˵Ҳ޹ʥŮ֮˵ûУ⼸ԪɾһˡһҴԭˣȻɱұȵ춼ѡ
Ȳ⻰˶ˡ
ۣ
һѪ˳ʱҲԼ屻СһȭĶѿڡ
ȻСȻˣȻһ԰ɷ顣
޹ʥŮȻǿ󣬼ʶˡ
Ȳ˵ֱӼͷ뿪ˣҲûʵȥˡ
ͬһʱ䣬λսͳ˧Լ¶֮ɫ
Ǿǲ֮ô


1820 СȵǱ
˼һ£֮һֺǿ˵֮߱һһȷ򣬵ڶѪŨ㹻ߡһһ״һ㣬Ͼţ²߱ѪҲпַ򡣿ǵڶˣΪŴĹѪԽԽϡһԪû˵һѪ츳Ƚϸߵš޹ѪŨܾѲ֮Ĳһֻ֣ȴֻ֡
⻰޼ɶ΢΢Щ𾪡
ȻѾûв֮Ļʵ϶ۿۡ
ɭ˼һµⲻ֮ʲôܲô
ҡͷδأ֮Ĵڡ˵Ҫ˵ⲻ֮ȷʵһ˲֮൱ǰӵĽ屻飬ֻҪ겻ԶۺϣĻԼֽ⣬ӶκĹոСʩչΣ˲֮֮Ǿ൱ڽÿһκΣգԺܰȫĽһоŴ֮󣬰һʽֱӾˡ

λͳ˧Ǳ𾪵ˣ˵СѾֻˣȱľʱѡ
ض̲סЩʵѧԺȻһѧЩ˵ʵһΪ񶼲ˣСŮ޲λ񾳽磬ȴѾǰλѪ츳ʱ㲻СеӮ㣬һЩȴֱյ㡣
΢΢һЦһ
ѧԺѧ㣬ǽĺô
޼ҲһɣȫѧԼ㣬ѧԺҾӹ
λͳ˧Ǻһ޼˱˻Եġ
С̭Ȳ֮ȴǲûгְˣһ֦ѾϣͽԼˣĸСǧġҪǻܲˣСǧ͹ĸ
֣صĵ˵ͷ
ţȻСʥŮҪĸĳսʿԸˣԺʲôʸ졣
λսʿʶСȵĿֲ֪Լ϶Ƕֱ֣ˡСȲ֣˵ֻҪӮˣСǧ͹ǣʱҲսӿ
սСȣǺʤ㡣
սˣǻЩġ
λսʿСȵ˵ͷСܿĸڶʾлԴ˸Ϊ⡣
ˣϽʼɣϾˡСȴߴóһһҾ͵Ӱӡ
ɱ
λսʿ˲Ƕ֣ǻѡȷˣ˿˶ֵ˲Ҳӭȥ
һױԴսһնȥĵЩÿһ̺ſֲĽ֮޼᲻ݡ
λսʿһͬʱ߶֮һƵ
ǽ֮ޱȿֲõױԴõֻǶױԴͳĿ
ֻλսʿĶƷ˲䶼ѺۣһλսʿϷ˷͵ض㿪
ǽԵֱ׷һӾ˺ϵսסڸոѾһֵ⵶Ҳǵսףû˺ǵ塣
λսʿ˿̶ɫ࣬ǼʶЩŵĿֲ
ǿװԶǡ
СȿһĻȴЩˣ㵽׻᲻ܣһӲǣʱӦȼһȻһһİǶܡһӿ˵ս׶ˣǸûиκε˺㿴ֻһսףƨûС
˱ܵ⣬˿̶ʱЩΡ
λĳսʿʾһ£ٴˡ
ǿ˵ĵ˿ȴڷŲλãÿһ˶һƤλ˱ƽĿȻǲǵĻᡣ
СȿĶǰͷλĳսʿȻսģһӾ뵽˱ܿ˹İ취
˻͸ղһһɾȷܡ
ԼҲֱӭһĳսʿֱ˶ԷһȥԷȴǲδ㣬һ֮Ӳƴһȭʱڷ˲ԣע⵽Էոջս׾ȻױԴģһ֮¶ԷԵֻˡ
Է֮ǰױԴսײãʵû뵽ΪԷҲֻӵжױԴսס
ɾһʧλĳսʿֱĺ󱳹
˲䱻ΧסһӾ˱
λսʿĬޱȣҼлת۾һƿ˵ķս˵ֱۡ
һʹ̲סŭСˣһ㡣
˵ֻˣ͵سŴضһš
ʱֻһص֮ȥ˲Χؾͱƿˡ
λĳսʿûзӦֻо֮һקסǣȻҪǸקµĸо

С۾һټϸոյĽֲͬˡ
飡
λսʿܵǣٶȸʱȭͰ˺˳ȥ
˵ɳȥѪ𾪲ѡ
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ת˲֮䣬˷ķһ
˼ǾȻѧѧԺ󷨡ҪˡС˵ţλĳսʿѾ˵˴˽ڣһӾƿ˵ѹơ
˴һȴٴγһλսʿȥ
ʱԼǹĸˣ˶˲γɺΧ
˵γһεذУǾĸ˩סֱֻۺʹȡ
ʲô⣬
ͻΧãҲЩ
˽ʮӣڷˣεͣͣͣסңȴ޷ңҲƲǵΧ¡ҼȥֻľΪһöСǧֵãöӸ˰ɡ
λսʿ⻰ͣ
СȴЦ˼ȻˣСǧˣȥժ˰ɡ
˵˵ͷһվСȹ˹֣лʥŮȫĸǾʮŵսʿΪѧϰѧԺ󷨲סλ콾ʥŮѧԺѧǱӦúʥŮΪСǶɢޣһöСǧѾֵƴˡϾҪںսɱʮλ񣬲ܻ൱һöСǧֵĹѫ
Сȵ˵ͷȻ֪Щսʿǲԣû£ѧϰĲҿǡ
˶ʱЩܳ
Сʱ˿ˣŸʲô߰
ͷ˿֮ȭͷؿġ
Ƕ˵ľ⣬˵õϿɡ
ʥŮĸõʲô̫ˡ󷨣һܺɵĻǡʹ󷨣ʵҵǸ࣬ȼֲȥĿ϶ǡҾǾЩ̫۸ˣԾͲˡ˸СȺ棬ΪԼ
ĸǾȽǿսʿҶŲ츳õģС룬ͷӸһһֳ󷨵Ĳ÷һµʱĵ伮ˣȻȥսһ
ɵۡ
ˣǰһﻹһСǧոҲˣҪҪСȺȻָָ
Ҫ϶Ҫ˾ϲޱȣû뵽ʥŮ˱Сǧ

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ڹսĿФĿǰǺܺгôֻʮһ˱ȼ˴ͷСǧҵǧһٶöǸѧԺȻһ˶һʮöʵǱ̬Ĳ񻰡
ЦһٶʮöСǧܴܻᱻһѧԺȡѧԺ㡣
ʱһٶʮöСǧѧԺòѧͻƵླ硣
λͳ˧Ҳģܲ
ǽһöǧòһٶʮöСǧҲ׬ˡ
ض룺ҲͦӦҲѰ취ҿͬһöھǱȽԶʱȴܱȱȷ֡ΪֹҲһöСǧ
ЦЦⲻ֣ϾҲôҪûһЩӦֶΣҲûš
˵ţȻֻʮʾͬʱˡ
ô£޼̲סüͷոһ˲侹Ȼʮͬʱ̭˭ôֲһӱƵʮͬʱͷ
һˣǺܶˡԾؿ˵ضλͳ˧Ҳһɫá


1821 ࣬ߣ
ضȫûп׷ʲôӡ
ָ꣬һʾĻǵض㲻һôΪʲô˵ʮλսʿûпոͬʱ̭ʮ˾ǵΧ֮£űμĴͷ
ضʱ֪㲻ЦʲôֵģΪǽȥ֮ǰ˾һЩսʿʮλ
ôɵģûʲôģؼҲס
ǱѾ̭ʮ˽˹ʱһҲ֪ˡ
ͳ˧һʱضҪǽƱһ»ãϵҲ̫ɴ˰ɡ
ôˣΥô
ضЦܵ⣺Ҳ֪ҲиԵļƻ޹ʥŮѧԺѧѧԺ϶γˡЭðЭᣬ϶ҲͽˡѵֻǽսʿˣЩսʿҲĺܣÿһڵĹѫ㣬ȻŵǰѵõûõСǧǣҲͻǧڹѫʮˣռ˽ȥսʿһˡǲضһڹѫʮóðôǮһֵô
ضʱЩɫѿԱһڵĹѫֵ̫
ϾһѫֻǺð˽ˣضʮ¡
ҲһʵЩ㡣
һѧԺ֮ǰɲ֪ʥŮСȣ˺Ҳֻʱ⣬ıѾá
ضһߵ˭֪˵ǲģǾ͵Űɡ˵ʮλżϾʮλսʿһǰʮһˣԲκһԵֵġԣǰŽȥһᱻһ̭ǧд뵽˵
һ̣޼ɶüͷ
ʮһʲôֵĻȥ˶ҪЪˡ
ɡ
룬ȴǲôġ
ضƵǺã˲˵ѧԺѧԲǳصġ

˵һȺžһԱʮλĳսʿ
һս֮гмλսʿˣĲûκʧ
룬ڵλˣһδúܺáǼѡһƬƽһ˱ƵأȻ̭ǡԽԽ٣ܻõҲԽԽࡣ
ٸ˷ôͰʮһ˷ôÿֵܷĿ϶һ
˹˻ֻ֣һ˵óٶöԼСǧȫǡ˴ǴһƬ֮ڻõСǧǶٶʮöÿƽöûлö´ȲöȻʣСǧٽз䡣
⻰ʮսʿһϲ
ʱ˹˻֣Լ˵ž͸ŵһߡ
Ǽ˹ôһƬȻһöǧûҵΪЩսʿСǧָǣǲƻһϵǧǿɾͿˡոտЩһӷֵôСǧҶЩۡһöҲֵʮڹѫأһöǾǿֵڹѫˡ˹ҲһôСǧߣҲ۵ĺܡ
û취ЩսʿҲǰ׳գǼô
˵ǧʮöǿ϶м١ҲǧʱȻ󣬵ʱѵҲؼȰ˸ֻ̭Խ٣ܻõĻܸ󡣸ո̭ʮʵһ㣬ŸսʿͲ˵ˣʣ߸ЭģǻеЭģð˵ģԼһġ˵ʵʵ̫ǿͲ߱ǧʵǵҪĿ껹ЩʵǿģҵȻȰṊ̀˵
˹˵ͷǱ߾սʿҲСǧ
ٴγ˴ɨģʽ

ƾֺ쵽һ飬ҲҵöСǧ
ľҶˡ˵ſһ򣬡ڰǰټһˣ治ȥ
ȥԼ˵õࡣ˵ҪǴҷһöǧҪ˭ʱˣ϶񰡣ǸûзݡƾС̴ĺ죬ԼţƺԼһҵǧһ
ðɣٸҼԡҲҿҪȥˡ룬ʵûǸһ㣬ƾһȻÿζռˣÿҲʵ
ƾʵûаȫС
ףΪ˺ܾӣĻһöǧҲδػԼҪˡ
ǰһһöСǧѾˣƾȻһָ۾ߣȥ
áʱ˷֮ǰҵöСǧöƾһöֵˡ
˷һĳ˹ȥɵ֮ɵˡ
ΪҲ˶һöСǧҲˡ
еЭģ
ƾ˳һ˵̬Ϳˡ
֮Уڶ̼Ψеǹ
еЭ˷ֱǺͱգں˻Ϲ֮УżȻöСǧ
ƾ˿ˣƬ֮ȥλеЭţǱţýţûж⡣ѧԺѧʵǻеѾĽܾá˵ǻеɴԼ壬˺սʱΪ˾ṩҵ񽢺͸ʽĸ߿ƼʵǾӹΰ
Ǻͱ󣬵˵ͷЩԺ
ƾʱ򿴵˺ܴЩʧȣѧԺͲԶˡ㿴һװﶼױԴģأõѵһױԴǴս׾͸ˣȻһױԴϴս˴һЩСӣĺܲù
Ǻͱտ˿ƾĴţҲüͷ
Ҳ̫һ˰ɡ
ƾӣŨŨԺ
Աߵ˿סԼĶˣûʲôûҲʶ޳ܵļһ
ڲ֪ʲôʱѾƾһϵսս׶ˡ
ƾʱ򿴵ʱˣε˵ʵѧԺҲҲˣȻֵõСǧ綼Ű֮˽һνҲ֪֮ǧͲˣҵһöСǧˣǳȥˣҲܰԼϵһ׾װһ¡ôã˺üˣǸǶһٺᣬȻȷֵСǧȴҲȫˡҲλеҸԣΪֱȻǿ϶ҲѾĶˡ
ǺͱտƾҳЦӣ˿ҲǸͬܡ
ûнеЭǺγˣʱǹӱڵƾòȥ
ƾҡҡͷȻһöСǧҲǷˣǿԵǾͻõòСǧͻôȥԺĻǴҲЩͨսʿһΪװ̫ΪΪ̫Ϊ̫սϡҼеλţҲң޺ˡ
ҲĬȥˣһգҲѾҵöСǧһö͸λѧԺѧɡ̫ˣлеЭԴһöСǧ࣬һöСǧҲûʲôӰ졣ǶһöСǧܾǵһ
յ˵ͷĻҲҸдǺγˣǷѾ˼ĽеЭĺĲ㣬ΪĲǰˡô˵ǻ˵ģǸʲôСѧԺԺҲˡ
һԶǾˣֻϣ˻еİ׳Ժ֪಻ƾƴ
ƾϲ˵ЩǣԸһöСǧøǣ
Ǻͱնǵ˵ͷ΢ЦĿƾƺЩ֮⡣
ƾ֣ллǣ̫ллˣǺˡ
ٴεõƾĿޣǺͱնá
ƾʱҲһöСǧսԼ
λеţǾ͸ˡǽĿҲﵽˣǾԼ뿪ƾ룬ֳʾһ£ʾϽߣĿҲﵽˣɶ
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ƾʱ˵תͿ
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ƾһЩ
ѾֹҾ֪ôƵĻţ㿴ǹȻ˷ˣս׼ɡ
ƾкâһתͷȴЦʲôô
һгױԴսףżȻõսףʿģҲò͸ˡ
ƾʱЦݸʢæ˹ȥ̫лˣ㲻һȥ֮һѧԺѧеŶǺֵýύѡ
ףƺѾԼִѧԺˡ
ʱҲЩԸðרǰ־óѶױԴսţǰõľɵģҲ͸ˡ
ƾʱЦĸˣæӹҲλŮһ
һԸо۶߸ˣеŲǵһӻеЭİɡ
ƾպ˶ת뿪ʱЩǺ˰Ҫĺٶһ㣬жг
Ѫˣٶһøƭɡ
죬ߣ
ʱ뵽£˵СǧǺսսҲҪһ롣
ƾʱЩˣɲҵģɶƾԼʵ׬ģʲôࣿ㲻룬ҪһǣСǧܸǣսսܸǣ
﷢ԼȻԶԡ
ƾЦЦôʲôࣿЩҵġ
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⻰ƾʱЦˡ
ҪѶóĺ᲻ð
ʱ򣬿ռ˾ҵĲƺ˴Զƿն
ô£
ƾ۾һȥ϶ǳˣʲô࣬ܰɣҸокö˹ˣƺҪǸΧס
һͷһǲǻеλɵôҲܣ
ʱҲƾ̲סǴܣĳսʿ˵ˣʮ˳׷Ǳ׷ϣ϶ᱻ̭
ƾһ⻰ʱɵˡ
ʮ׷˭ܴù϶Ҫܰ
룬ƾǱ뿪ôھͼͷ뿪ɡ
ƾ˿̺ǺˣɵӲŻ뿪
оһԽԽ֪ˣĽױԴսѥĽױԴսסĽױԴͷװһȻŸʲôװܰ
һҲǸŻװƾɿĳԶɶݡ
ԭֻĿɿڴİǺͱգڷҡ


1822 ϣ̭
ƾܳȥ˰ڹǸоû׷ˡ
˶ǳһҪǱ׷ϣ̭
˹ʮ˿ƾߵķ̲סüͷ˴һҶĽױԴװԲǾսʿܸܵǵϢǺǿܿٳСǧ綼Ű֮ʵ߶һõĽױԴװģܿǸѧԺѧ
˹ɲǰǺͱͷ֪࣬ѧԺںս׬ѫ㡣
ѧԺɵĲսʿװױԴװĽױԴװοѧԺѧ
һ˵ЩʵѧԺƾںսϵսԼѧԺ׬˹ѫ㡣ѧԺһһЩͨѧȻĽױԴװ
˹ЦüʣѧԺô๦ѫȫƾѧԺ󷨣ĶȴѧԺ˳ڸ˶ԴӾһѧϰѧԺԺˣӲʹôͿ鶼֮˵ƾһԾΪ˴֮ǰĴڡ
⻰Ĳսʿüͷ
ǳԺսÿ˶ѧԺ˾⡣˵ѧԺ棬ѧԺ󷨣ǱΪһִ˽Ϊÿ˶ߡ
˹ƺҲЩսʿˣڨڨһЦ߰ɣڻȥȻѧԺѧΪһ㣬Ӱ첻ûһλжʮ˱̭
˵ţʮ˸Ѹٸϻء

˿̵ﻹڲƾߵСǧңȻȥҷ㡣
ƾЦȥȥеСɵ϶Ҫ˸̭ˣȥÿһ֡㻹ҷңҺ°
⻰ЩͷɥթƾһöСǧǲˡ
ƾҲЩ˼һöƾԼʵģҪƾԼʵˣұ֤Ҳȫ㡣ߣǽȥҵһöСǧ㡣
һԼҰɣȥȥôϵһɨܵˣɾδˡʱǺʹһȫҿɲôͱ̭֡
ƾһûͦеʵǿƶûĶ֣ʱȷʵӦøĴȡ
ƾﳯָķȥҲȥ

ڵĵطʵѾʮѧԺѧֱ񡢺󡢻졢Ҧܡ֮㡢ơ顢һɡФ׳Լĺݡ
˼һ£֮԰ǶټһΪ϶дϵһ䵥ĻױΧ̭֪λãԼѰԶûиܻõࡣ
ѧǵ˵ͷǶ񶼺ŷյٻֱӹˡ
ѧԺ֮Уÿ˶Լ쵼˶ŷȴֻ
Ϊκë
Ҳȥ̽һ£ԤϵĲࡣĿǰЭðϵһ飬һǶʮһһжȻûѼȴ̭˲ˡˣǾȻʮսʿһ֧ʮһ˵Ķ飬˿ڷ̭ˡʣµ̡澺ˡðԼһ϶Ҳ׷׽˶ԵС
һȺѧǶʱ¶֮ɫ
Эð˵ʮһѾǿˣֻƾʮʤˣ϶Ҳܾ˵ľ档˵ʮһ˸Щη壬̫ˡʮʮһͬΪΪǻҪߵľսʿţȫûķա
ʱҲϣҪ˽˲С
ƺ˵˼εҵǵһʱϵСȣ޹ʥŮ˵ЩŶҪġ˽˵ĻҲȫ÷ǡǵҲˣСȵڻûҹ
Ҧ̲סһЦûйˣСȺܿˡ
⻰ҲǹЦ
ʱӰԶٶƾ
ƾˣǼƵģλͬѧܼ̫ˡյټϢʱ򣬵һʱͣĸ˹һ·Ͽ裬мβҪȼȥˡ뵽ǣ֪ǻڵҡҾ͸ԼԲܷΪͬѧҪ㣬ٴιһ·նҵ
ںﶼˣɵĿƾȷģ
㲻ԸϣƶԼһҵǧƵĥ˿¡ҲΪ㱻һȺ˸׽סԼĻ֪¾սУҪĴȡ
ЦЦôҹͺá
˵ţƾļ
ƾ˵ͷһҲôΪӡ
룬ڵҲһˣҵöˣ
ƾһɶ˼ѵҵ
ϸһ룬ʲôˣôܸɳ飬ЩΪԺҺȻһ·׷ɱϾѰô㲻ҵöСǧҲҵö
⻰ЦЦ˵ˡ
Ҧʱ̲סվ˳ĥôãһҲͲҵöСǧϹǵ۾
˵ţҦһѵ
ƾϸȥ۾ˣһʮö
ҲһȵĲ񻰣Ҳ̫˰ɣҲ̫ˡ
ЦЦҸҿ϶֮ԵڲŹϣ϶ǾԼҵڴҰԼֵóҾͿǺ󲻺ڣҵõģҲܶ࣬ҲͶʮö
ţҲԼõ˳
ʮġʮʮʮʮߣ
ٵһ˶ʮöСǧ
ƾĶɵˣ˼һҵ˵ȻֻǸ˵ͷࡣ
ƾҲ̲סˣֱӾǵⲻܣֲɢҵֻһҺôòҵöôÿҵôࣿ
Ц
ʱȥڵʵԭܼ򵥣ΪԶλλáʮ˻õСǧʵ࣬õ࣬һپʮö
ѾҵһٶʮöСǧЩҵһЩô
һپʮö
ƾָͷ㣬ǸǶһʲƸǻɹѫнӽǧڹѫˡ
̲סģƾͺݺݵĳԼл׳գ׳ա㲻ϣں˰ɣ
һҲǳԹʵϵģֻȴƾĻ
ЦЦˣϵһöǧ죬ǹؼһڵһöǧ֮ǰ˻ȥСǧȻҲ֮ǰһһЩСǧλøǡңСǧѾˣҲͲˣҾ˹ϡ
ѧǶǵ˵ͷΪ˷ܡ
ƾ˿̸Ǻ޲ð֮ǰʧ
ܿ͸ÿ˱ע˲СǧλãٵĶʮöࣺ֮ЩСǧ϶ѾҵˣұעķΧҲҪ˷ʱ䣬ȥλѰҡ⣬;ˣòҪǽ֣ܶͶ㡣
Ҧܵ˶ǵ˵ͷڻûмǧӰӣǲΪһöСǧͰԼ̭ˡ
ʱȥתʮ졣
һöǧ죬ѧԺѧҲˡ
ʮ棬ÿֶҵ˲СǧĺҵʮöڵСǧﵽʮöԶÿƽĶʮöˡ
˻õСǧҲʮöϣ˺ƾ
ڵʮʱ򣬱ڤѩҲ˹ͬʱҲһϢ
ȼ˴ͷ̭ˡ
ڤѩһģС̵ˣǸŮʵǿȻֶȷ򣬼ֱǺšҺȴҲֻܺƽ֡ʵͺܴҲû˼𣬵̵ļΧ󲻵òͷ
ҲЩΣֻȷڷѾôҪҲԿսʵǿ
Χ̭ʵ
ߵҲǿٵСǧǶ㣬ҪҲһٳŰپʮϵСǧ磬ʱһ˾ѹס
ڤѩ˼һ£Ҳǵ˵ͷ
˶ԴҲŲɣΪͬЩѧԺѧηκˡ
˼һ£̱ͺѧԺìܣǣһ԰ǸŸ̭ˡ
ҦʱȴҲڵ㣬Ҳ̭ܰˡ
ͻҲǸſڣһʱ̵֮ƺѾȫΪǡ


1823 죬ҲҪ
Ŵȥ˵һöǧڵλá
ҿǱǧܼ
룬ڵʮöһжʮöˡʣµöһö˷֣һöð˺Э˷֣һö˷֣һö澺˷֣һöսʿ֣Լö˵˷֡
⻰겻ѣǿˡ
̲סЦ˾ۼ˰ʮһˣƺƵһ·ɨԭȴһöǧûѰ˵˻ҵСǧȫָʮλսʿҪһöǧûеõɾͿˡ
ѧҲЦ
˹ӶЩսʿѾǧڵĹѫ㣬õСǧȫ˳ȥʧѾڹѫˡ
ǽõǧöһν϶ǿġ
룬ʱ䣬һöǧŻаʱͻ졣öǧ˲϶մԤᱻǣһΧöǧһ뾶˶ܸоʱ϶в˹ᡣ
ѧ˿̶üͷʱǺܶǴʻΧ
⻹ֻǵһöǧʧأǽôʣµǧ
һ£˵һҵ뷨ֻǵһöûбҪԼȥʱԱʵΪһöǧʱǹ̫࣬ǾͷȻȥᣬ̭һˡǹ˲࣬ǾͰöǧˡ
˵ͷͬ⣬ƴһ˵Щһ֣ȻʮһɵĶʵǿֲ
ѧҲǷ׷׵ͷͬ顣
ʱȥ
Ȼǧҫ۵İ׹⣬һС̫һҫ
ǧҪˡ
ʱϳöǧ۶ǧһڶһЩȫ߲ܡ
öǧ֮ڣһСǧ类ٳγǧ֮
һ֮ڵĲ˶üͷȻǷ׷׳ķȥ
еЭΧ֮ڣ˿̸ӦǧѶϢΪ׵Ļ˷ޱȵ϶һöǧˣĹҪСʱǹȥ϶üöǧҪˡ
еЭһʮһˣŻֱǧȥ
ͬʱĲ׶ҲӦǧϢ˿Ѱҵһöǧ磬ȻһʮҲֱ
ĲսʿҲѭ˹
ѧԺѧھصȴţΧһЩ˵ϢѾǲ׽ˡ
ôһᾹȻ߸ĳսʿֻ˹öǧȫ԰öǧΪС֮˵ʵÿҲҪһöǧ
ϾǰǧͻƵԲ񾳽硣
ˡ
һָָһڻӰںϵд۾ôѾͫ
дҲѾܣԴ͸ʱգ˿Ķ
Ф˵ͷǻеЭˣһʮһˣǿ˾ŰٸСǧšΪ׵ĻѾٳ˾Űپʮ˸Сǧ磬ӵж壬ʵӦúƾ൱
ƾ⻰ȴǲƨҲ൱ѵΪҲ˶壿ѵΪҸոͻλ񲻵Ϳٳ˰˰ʮСǧ磿ѵΪ츳Ժ磿
ȻͶƾĲҪЩˣ˿Ҳ̲ס˵ĳ嶯
ôͬѧ̫Ҫˡ
ʱ̲ס˵ʲô˲ģбҽһҵļںǧĴ׷һȥ񶼶㲻Ժ˵ˣҵĴ׷׷һʱʱ򣬵ʱܴԽʱȥδһˡ㻹ǰNɪNɪƨԺЬ䡣
񶼺Ǻˣƾô
ƾĵԶĵ׼ʲôãбһ䴩ҵĽױԴսףȰǼҲˣҲûáΪˣҲɱˣֻǸˣ
⻰Щŭܲˣһ䴩ռ䣬͸壬ɱ㣬Ǵٺս׶ûá
˽ѧҲֻûˡ
һʱȻָָһ򣺡ˣǻģһʮˣΪ׵ǻĲ׶١׶Ѿ֮п˾ŰʮСǧ磬ѧϰ˻ļǿҲһǵĽɫ
ԽԽࡣ
ۿǧĳҲͲˣʱǰѾ˻еЭʮһˣʮˣʮˣԼѧԺʮˡ
Ӧֻôˣô죿һöǧĻǻõĻܴȾʮ˲ΪǣǴʲǶ֣ϾѧԺںսպգҲѧԺ˾⣬ٶӡΣеЭʮһ˳˻ʵһ㣬Ҵż˾ܶԸǡλЩˣֵĻҲûĶ֡
˼
ЩˣʮˣǴ˾ͷöǧ
ǸͲмϡ
ɡҦʱҲɵһ޶ԣǹҲΪǿ϶Ҫǡᣬ̭һЩ˵սԣʵвͨ
˵ǰʮһ˹ˣǵǿϹۡҲǵ
˵ͷãöǧǾҪˡԺҲ˵ɵҲҪνʥҪֳ֮ñ㣬㣬㣬ڲ㡣һöǧѣʱŵģʵǲѧԺѧոյЩ̫ˣǵòһöǧʵҲҪѧԺʿʧȥЩǻԼҪĶԺҲʶ۷塣һսڽÿһսҶƴȫҪ±̭̭ˣõǧҲһݡ
⻰ѧսӿ
߽ģǲսսҪս
˿ҲˣѧԺˣоˡǿӦǻģǸĲ׶ʵǿƶҪһ򡣲һöǧǻеЭᵽڷֵĵһöǧǷˣʵ̫ϧ
׶ٴ˿Ҳһر˿ѧԺѧЩ
ϾڽʱɭѹעѧԺѧ
ʮ˻ǸΪսʵҲ֪ԼʵЩˣⲻǴһ˿ڱǧʱлɳˣץһöǧֱӱ̭־ˡ
һȺղ졣
ʱһһĹȥȻİ׹⿪ʼʽı־
Ҳʱ򣬺һȥҪöǧߡ
ɾʱ򣬲׶ٺͻͬʱҲǳ˹
˼ͬһʱ嵽˸ǰ׶ٿȥ֣һն˳ȥ
ЦһȴǷҲһ벼׶ٶԿ˽ս˲˾޴ˣʹҶ׷䡣
ǻ˿̿˻ᣬ־Ҫˡ
ʱֻһһƿֱӴ͸ģһӾͰָըˡ
Ҳ壬˿̱飬˲Ǿһ亹
̧ͷȥͿ
Цһ֪ԼһҲϻٴ
һȥµؿ϶ж֡
ֻоԼ궼ˣһ֮ȫ޴ӡ
ƺҲˣ˼ΣǼȴǻڸ
ļһֺǿķ򣬲ǰٷ֮ôһɱҡ˵ţóһƣǶƷҫ۵ĺɫâļֱ֮磬ȴǱסˡ
ЩΣͬʱҲЦҲٳ˾ŰٶСǧ磬㡣
û˵ʲôûǳǧȥ
ʱֻٻеЭսʿԼѧԺѧᡣ
öˡ
ƾЦһץǧȻֱĶȥ
׶ٿŭޱȣס
ʱ˳ƾͬʱԱ߻мսʿҲɱ
ƾһĻʱоԼЩ̫ˣʱ˭öǧ˭ҪΧ
۾һתȴǰǧӸ


1824 ֮ǿѧԺ֮
ͬʱƾ󺰵񣬽ţ
һ˿̶ûзӦ
ƾǧӹˣֲܲӣһץҪǧˡ
ûгǧСǳ֮ǧʵֻȭͷССǧֻ۴С
֮Գһ磬ȻɴС
ץסöǧһָֻպס
ǧһ磬﷨ҲһĿռ䣬Ϊռų⣬ǧСǧǲܱ뵽﷨ġ
ԣʵÿ˶׼˱ʢ
öǧԼսʿƾ˶
񿴵η塣
һֻץסǧһֻȭֱλսʿԼһλźȥ
˴һǸоȭ֮ƺһ糯˹
編
ǻѾˣɫ䡣
û뵽ȻһȷʱﻹҴ⣬Ȼƴȫǰȥֵ
һױԴƣλսʿȴѡӲƴһУȻûʶĿֲ
ֻ촫ǻŵĶױԴֱˣһȭؿڣȻһȭҩһըȻؿըһ󶴣ĶױԴս׶ըˡսʿǲѡӲƴȭͷֱ̼䶼ǻΪ˷飬ǵֱֱӽǵ壬ǵ嶼һѺۡ
˵ɳȥȫһľ
ⲻǿ̫ǿˡ
ͬʱʣ˵ĹȴǺϣҪҲˡ
ʱȴһֻϳһҫ۵£ǹתĹһӰ˵Ĺϱ·ɢҪ֪ɢĹǿȿҪԶڼһĹ֮Щ˵ĹǱɡ
ˣ±һֻ⹥Ĺܣ˵Ĺֱɡ
ʣµɹŴ͸£ⲻ˵ЩֱõϣΪǻĽױԴװ˿ͷսսѥϥ󡢻ۡսѥ貵ĹâǰеĹٴɣʵ䵽ϵĹֻɡ
˵ɹҲ൱һĵˡ
ʱ򷢳һƺ֮ϾȻһڶ𣬶֮ǳҫҫ졣
䣡
˶Ĺ䵽ϣȻùƵΧˡ
ԶЩĽ˵֮ǿǳçļ֮Сݼ巨ںϵһ飬ΪֹûʹκεҩȴҲ˶弶𣬶һǿվޣǱ̬Ĳ񻰡
ӵ̫ѪͺǿڶѾﵽ˶۷塣
ˣķҲﵽ֣лһȷռ䷨򣬿ҪһսȴҲһĶûС
ֶ֪࣬񵽵׻жٲΪ֪ĵơ
˵ģں˻Ӱİۣɵڶû֪İʲô̶ȣҶ¡
ĺܿ£ʲôĸӽǵ̬ȣһо
֮УܶϤܡ
˴˿̶ǾˣһϣΪҪˣǳȥɾ̯ϴˡ
˭֪һ鶼ûУʱ򷴶֮ɢһɿֲķһĶǵ˳ȥ
һУϵȥ˳Щ֮ɫȴûκε
Ȼ𣬸ǲˡ
ƾǾˣһľ֮ɫҲ̫ǿ˰ɣھŸ˵Χ֮£һȭ˵壬ͬʱϵȥҶһѧԺѧҲ̫ˡ
ҦҲһǸɺУǿֶΣ˿̿ҲΪء
̫ǿˣҪǿ
׶ٺͻҲע⵽һĻ˿Ƿ׷׺ˣȫĿ
ѧԺȻǿߣζû뵽ġ
ǲ׶٣ϸ˸ղŵһĻǻվλϣԲһֵסŸ˵Χ
ҲˣȴЦŰǧ뵽˱֮С
׶ٺͻ￴һĻɫ΢䡣
ô׶ٳ˼һ£ոҲˣֻƾκһ˵öǧ֣Ӧûлᡣ˵Ĵھһв˿ȥԺ϶һְ̭ˡ
ãһöǧҪңҿԸ൱ڰöǧֵĲྦྷ߹ѫ㡣˼һ£ش
׶ٵ˵ͷȴûзԡ
ʵ뷨ܼ򵥣̭öǧܽʱ˭õ˭ģƽָܵ顣
ʣΪöǧ뿪
˴Э飬
üͷһ԰˴ţҲǲҴ⡣
ոǾŸ˼һҲȲˣ˵Զˡ
һҲǺ飬йֱȡҪ
Ծ͸оˣ˵ǸոЩսʿȥʹõǿޱȡ
˵Χ֮£Ȼû¶࣬һʱҲ֪η
˼һ£⡣
ʱȫſ˶Բ׶ٵķǰеĹƳ˻
飡
׶һնϣ¶ˣĽױԴսҲնһӡ
͸ս׵ϣ嶼ǳһѪۡ
Ӳһȴһ˻ؿڣֻоһ壬ֱӾͰؿڸ˺ѳһѿڡ
ǹûѪҺģһȴҲ˰ٷ֮֮ࡣ
նˣˡ׶ٴϲѣѾʤ⡣
ߣȴüͷǲ׶ûоȫһҪĻ϶˸ء
˼սٴα׶һȭ˺󱳣ǺһֱָӶ˻ұۣұ۶ˣһӻ¶˾֮ɫ
˴ﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ޸ҪѲٵҺ
ѪˣҸоֲ˼ˡ׶Խ˷ܣסϾܻ
Ǹţͬٴη
Ǻһָٴζ˻һֱۣ׶ٵһҲնıϣһӶĽױԴս׸նһѷ졣
̫ˣսˡ׶ټǺ˳ֻҪ˳ѷ죬һܴ뵽壬Ȼֱӻ壬ͷ
ôԡЦЦȴǿ˻
Ǵ˿̵Ļȴ˲뿪һĿ
˳˰ٷ֮ʮ壬Ҳˡ
ƴԼˣҲҪһ֡
սȥ˭Ϊȼͷ˶ֻǲ׶١
˼һ£׶٣ҷˡҪöǧԼɡƴҲҪһ֣ҪսȥΪ˼£浱ɵӡ
׶һɫѿ
һöǧĿܲһɡ
ҲٷϻеЭ˸ߣҪٺѧԺѧ֣öǧԵ
Ļ䣬еЭʮѸ˵˻ߡ
ʣµľսʿ࿴˿ʱҲ˳ս֣֮˱ĽҪ̭Ҳˡ˿̻еЭǳˣֻܵһı̭
ؼǧѾУҲѾûıҪ
һֻ˻ʮˡ
ѧԺʮ˶Ըʮˣϵ̫ˡ
Ҫô
˲׶٣ŵĸԼĻһսס
׶ٿҪѪòĽױԴսף˿лսףһеŬǰ׷һ

׶ҧҧҲֻܺܲʵĸ뿪
ת˲˶ˡ
һ˿˵Ҷû°ɣ
Ҧʱ˼һ£֮ղΧ졢㡢ƾ㡢ơФˣ֮һһ￳ֱۣأˣҪҺָܻ
֮ȴһЦʲôˣǱһ첲ֲǰǸʱ첲˾Ͳָܻˡ㿴ⲻתֳһ첲ôֻ첲壬ǻҺһ£Ҳ¡
˵ͷѾ壬ǾʹϸѾɱ䡣ֻҪҺ㣬֫ᱻ߼ϸ滻ҪľһЩҺʱѡڼ䣬Ϊ𣬿ܻӰʵô˵һսȷʵأȥǧʱһǽȥ
֮Щ˼
ͬʱͲ׶ǱҲڲ鿴ʧǵɫǺܺá
ǵʧҪѧԺö࣬ζû뵽ġ


1825 ѧԺǿϣ
ߣеЭʱʮһˣȥʱȻʮһˣһսȴֻʮˡ
üͷ΢壺˴ﵽ˶٣ȵȣƺҲܵˡ廹ãֻҪ˴ӣгָܻһܴӰͻƣصĻΪˡ
Ҳ˰
˼һ£Щصҵ˴ﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮгҺҪָĻҲҪǧʱ䡣˵ĲҵҲشѾ˾ŰʮСǧ磬ֻа˰پʮˣʮСǧˡָ¿ٳЩСǧ粻֪ҪѶʱԴұһöǧͻƵԲ񾳽磬û뵽ڷԼ˽ȥһҶͻƵԲ񾳽ˣпܻʧȥЭ
⻰˶Ĭˡ
ǻеЭȫţܴشҪһʱ䣬Эܻܿ
ɫѿϾǸشģЩΡ
ҵʱں֣ûעߣ˭˵ôأѯʵһ˿׹⣬Ϊ𣬲Ȼ˻ô᲻ܡ
ѧԺѧҸողһ¿Ф˸ǵѧԺѧѾ֪ǸҴ˵ѧԺѧ֣ҦܡҦĺǿԼһλţټϾսʿΧһ鶼ûУ˶ˣֻضѡ
ҦܿٳСǧֻоŰûٳĶ࣬ǱսڶǾ֡
оǵҦܣܼʮС
ѧԺҦܣû뵽ѧԺ֮⣬ȻǿߡѧԺаšǰ˴̻һĳţѧԺǰû֮һЩѧȻѹǣҲǼ˹̲סЩŭоԼ̫ˡ
֮ǰԼ˵ǰ˴һһġ
ǺͻȻ޹ʥŮԼ㲻ʥŮĶ֣ʵҲӦǰɡ
ϾٳСǧﵽ˾Űپʮ˸ӵж壬׶֮Ŀɶֻһ塣
˭֪ѧԺһ֮ǰôӵˣȻͲ׶ٵ֮£ûб̭˰ٷ֮ʮ壬ֱܴ衣
ŭ󣬻ָ侲̫أһʵѷӳҲûж壬Σաͼͷ뿪ĳһ취㱨ȳȥҲָ壬㱻Э
Щжл
û˵ʲôʱ򲻹ôǿ϶ġ
˵ע֮£˴ͷ뿪ˡ
һЩ䣺Фڽʱ˵ѧԺˣΪѧԺʵģǽ˲ԿǺ޹ʥŮԷȻѧԺѧѧԺʱȻ˽ˡͨոյһսѾԿѧԺʵҪԶκĶҪǿ˽˵ĻǾǿǿϣ˿Եֵһ£ʣµ϶ֻбѹķݡ
ҲǶԴ˺ǵġ
ѧԺЩǺ˺һ飬ǼΪĵڶɵһ֧ʮһ˵Ķ顣
˼ãҲһѣȻƾһöǧܺѧԺˣܺ˽ˣܺ˽ˡõѡʵð˺ЭᡣĻðѾЭˣǽˣǶǣһ˵вһ˺ѧԺвǱȻǡϾ˭ǿɾʹ˭ܻõǧ࣬Ȼð˺ЭĽ˵ʵҲֻ˵
ʼж
Ǳߣ׶ƿڴĻͲټһ£ҲһҪṊ̀ˡڵãû£һöǧȴʧءǻȥˣȻ˳ٷ֮ʮ˳˰ٷ֮ʮ͵ʴס
ʱҪѧԺЩѧ̫ǿˣһٳСǧ粻࣬ǵֶκǿսһ㶼ʱӳͻֶԸѧԺǸǻ˼ϻеЭʮˣоʮˣʮֶ֮ԸѧԺ֮ʮλѧǶһľ棬󷴶Ǹ˲ʣѧԺǱ˲󡣡
⻰˶Ĭˡ
׶һȻȥ˵ӳ顣

ͬʱİλͳ˧Ҳۡ
ոշһսҲȫ̿˿ǹѧԺӡѾȫˡ
ضüͷոע⵽ôǸʩչĺ񲻽編򣬻һһȷ򡣡
ɭ˿ǳһȷټѾ˾ŰپʮСǧӵмǿĶ壬ʵнȥǿġ֮ǰǻĲ׶ٺͰʵǿĲһ㡣
ФҲǵһ˫һȷҲ̫ˡڱԴһȷ׺ܶ࣬һȷҲ֮еţ鲼ӣҲҳˡ
ضʱȴüѵǾֻע⵽ѧԺѧǸҦʲôҸоһ㶼һȷǻӦҲһȱ취ħǸȻӵ̫ѪҴƺܸߣҲһȷռ䷨Ǹ죬ӦҲһȷ򡭡
˵ţض˵ȥˡ
ѧԺҲֲ̫˰ɣЩ֮л꣬һȷ˶࣬ѧԺ⻹ֻһȺѧϸһȷѾ
ȫѧԼڨڨҲԵΪԺ
λͳ˧˵ˣ˵ʵǵڻûзӦ
죬ѧԺǵ̫ˡ

ǱߣСλεĶӳĶԱ֪˵ʲôá
ʥŮҿҵˡһȫŽë꼤ޱȵ
˵˻ϵһ飬ʼ̵ȱ˭Ȼ˶ˡ
ʥŮȻڣʲô
ԱߵͷСȸ󷨵伮˿̿Žëڣֵǣɶ
ˣ㡭ǿˣֶԷһԺ̲סǲˣʱ˵˭ʥŮʱ˭ʹʥŮһ𼯺ϵôʥŮˣѵҲˣ
ϣ˺ȻһԣϡʥŮ˵˽֮еĴѶʽϵȻҡȵȣǲھȱҺʥŮˣ
˵أǿŸշӦˣȥһ١
ˣʥŮ飬ҿԣ͡¡˴˿ҲЩ˼ֻ֮ʵ̫˼ˣоʲôϰʲôһʱû˼
˰ˣǼôȥҲСνˣСӣȥϡ
ǣʥŮӦͽǰ·
һ·˵ĵط˿˵˶ڡ
Сȿ˿Χǽʱʮôôֻʮˣĸأ
ʱ͵Ƕ̭ˣֻʮˡȺʥŮ˵һڵĿǰЭð˽ˣڶʮĴѰǼǶҪߡǣʮսʿΪ£һҪɨ˷ӣ˸ǡǣĿǰֻҵöǧʥŮˡ
С֮󣬴һΪʲô飬ǽ˾ǽˣһȺں֮ڶѡ˵ֻҵöǧѾܲˡһʮöǧжʮöѧԺ󷨸ˣʣµöǻҵö㡣
ʲôжʮöʥŮѧԺ󷨸ɵۣ˵սʿҲͬɵۡ
˵أҪȻôǧôֻҵ⼸öСȰ˽һۣЩոյϢġ
𾪹󣬽뻹ǵʥŮ֮ʵǿģǽʱǱҲн˵һİţ֪ʲôҪָʾģ
ָʾСĽǵļ򣬺ٺһЦǺãھ͹ȥѧԺѧ
ʲôֻΪԼˣ֪СȿܻѧԺҲֱ̫˰ɡ
ؼҲҪѧԺѧʲô


1826 ҪˣֱӸɣ
СȿһȺſɥҲô¡
Сȳ˼һ£ЦôȻҵĵǲǾѾǿˣʥŮڣǧֿɵáôΪǾʹشˡŵǲΪ壬ѧԺ֮У˿ԺҴƽ֣һлɱҵʵ
˵СȶԵΪء
˼Сȳ֣˿̲סЩɵʥŮĲ֮ôǿλ񾳽ôĶ֣ǲǿЦģ˵ѧԺѧܺƽ֣лɱʵ̫Σ˰ɡ϶ǹǵģǰѧԺѧѴ򹤡
˵ҲһٸţΪСѾǿˡ
ɶ˵С¼һλ涼˵֮ͬڣС֮жǰʮ֮С
Сʱ̲סЦˣһԾ䵽һ֦ϣ˵λŻǲôҺǺú˵˵˵ܺҴƽֵˣһѧԺĻܵ͵ʵᱻ͹ҿ˪˵ɾͲʱ򣬿ٵĲһСǧ磬һ΢͵С档Ҳ˵ھܶһܶõ֮Ȼܲ࣬õĻȫ԰ҵӡʱҾӵв֮Ҳ޷״̬½ָ˵ǲкһսʵ˵ԺҴƽûпŰɣ
λӵӵеС棿
˵˶ɵˣ̲סĵ׷
ʱ˵ͷ˵ĻѧԺѧȷʵԺʥŮһսʥŮһȷӦûǺƵġ
СЦǻҲһȱ취ħ򣬲֪˵ûС
һ̣˵ܱ
С漶ټһȱ취˭ܶס
Сȿ˶˵ˣ˵ڶԺҴƽֵѧԺѧҦܣһֽɷһȱ취ɷһʥɣ޴ӦÿԿҵĲ򡣻Уֶλر࣬Ҫ֪λԽ̵ЩֲܺҴƽӹɵģǲ֪ûлɱҵʵ
һȷ
λԽ̵
˵̬ˣѧԺҲ̫˰ɡ
ҲСȵĻˣǵλʥŮλҦܶǺܼɵ
СȼڵλԺҴƽֵ˽Ҳҵˡһȷɷ˵ʵַÿԿҵĲ֮ҵĲ֮԰ԼתΪ棬еɷһУǸһ棬ƶᱻֱˡȻҿ϶˴ܡ
ɷ
˳ĬˣǶ˵ֲֿǾԶһȷ
ȻкʥŮһսʵӹɡ
ʿˮʥŮܺһսѧԺѧôֲˣǸлɱʵѧԺѧָö
Ҳһĺ棺ǰʥŮ˵˵
Сһķ򣺡˳ʥաѧʱҪ磬ӽѧԺʱһѹƵ̧ͷһǫǫӣ֪ʵһѧߡҲԺˣԶһɲĸоѧԺ˶˵Ĵʦ֣֡һʤ㶼ûУ˵ǳ編һȷ򣬻Ƕ򣬻ûнҲһоѾ˫۾˵ˣȥѧԺѧҲΪǺãڶʮöѧԺѧô죬ҵʱ϶ѧԺѧֻ֣ƾǺܻܿȫû
˫һȷ򣬹ֲʥŮ˵һʤ㶼ûУ˾Ƿŵ޹϶Ҳһš
뵽СȺĻѾһ亹
Сȴ߰ɣȥѧԺѧϡǰӿ϶ǣʱһЩڻ¡ʱҲᾡΪȡģ϶ǰ׸ɻ
ǵ˵ͷ˵ҲǲκԹˡ
ףѧԺѧʵסǡ

֮
ФЩϲǿ쿴ǱߣСǵˡ
ѧԺѧҲǷ׷վСȵķ
Ű֮ʮλ˵СȵĴ½뵽˵ߡ
Сȣߣ
ФѾ˿ǻŮ˵ĳԱ׽һЩ
СӰһߣʮλ˵Ÿں棬ȴԵΪн
ǱСȸղŵĻŵˣڸߵ
Сһһˣɻأôûп
˶ҡҡͷҲϵûй
֮⣬ĭҲǲ֪ȥ
ҦʱӦԼĴ㣬ǲõΪ뵽ΧȻ϶ᱻ̭
Сȵ˵ͷ뵽һЩʲôҲټ׷ʡ
ʱ񣬺ٺٵҴЩ˾ͽˡ㲻ÿֻʹǣʱһͳˡ
һ⻰˵Ĳ˵ųȥͶ㡣
˿˵Ⱥţȴһ㶼ʱô¡
ЦЦŽǵ˵λ˵ţѧԺѧҲѧԺ˴ĶӳʥŮӣ˵ġʲôʹЩˣʵ˺ʱõ˫չ׷䣬ǰ׳ġ
֪ǰ뵽ոСȶۣæȭңҡʵʥŮ˵ĶԣʲôҪϵľʹʱǧָܷһЩã治ָܷǣҲԹԡ
̲סСһۣ֪϶СȶԽǵ˵ʲô
Ȼǲῴһܾηӡ
СȺٺһЦȴȫ˦ƹһʲô鶼޹صӡ
Σڶöǧ컹ʮҵʱ䣬ҲܶɵšǾͻ֮ǰӣҸǱעһЩСǧλãԼȥѰҡΪ˰ȫһһӡ
ǵһѾ֪ܰʮöǧӦа취λλãԸͲ֡
˼һ£Ƕǵ˵ͷ
Ҳ£ܿΪұעλá
СȲԸȥѰСǧ˾ԭشţ˻
ߺСȣʥŮҲ̫˰ɣЩô˵Ҳţôǵǵġ
СȺٺһЦ㻹˵Ĳ񾳽֮󣬳ٳ޷ͻƵ磬ѡ˵޹ˡ൱С˵Ժ޹Ժĺ֮ءÿһ޹ʥʥŮɶǽĺܣʵѾƽ׽˵ˡ
ʱû˵ðɡ
תۣȥ
˶ˣʱǿ˿СȣȥǴ˴ҵһһʮö
˿˵ʮˣЩ֣ҵĵǲ٣ݸʲô㲻Լţ
ԼţסЩɵˣ˵ЩСǧԹԼ֮ǰ˼ǰѧԺռô
ˣ˵һȺžþ
Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʱѾ̲סЦʲôģѧԺѧˡ֮ǰ˵ôǺѹϵҵЩȻǹǣǿɲҪ
˰죬˿Ѿ˾⡣
˵ҲһתǾͱϲøˡ
ҵôöСǧһʺܴĲƸ֮ǰǽôüһûҵôСǧ
СƲƲ죺Ÿʲôģ˭ҵĹ˭ȥһĸƵģҶˡ
һЦ˵ʲôȥںܸˡ
˵˷ֺڶöǧҪˣһЩðˣִҪöǧܻܿ˵һˡ
СסǺܻ˵İʮһˣ
˵ͷʮˣϾʮˣںɨ˿ˣгʮ˱Ṋ̀ˡǳ飬ҵĴְЩ˸̭˵Сȣأ
Сȿ˿ȴЩ鷳ѧԺˣʮ֮࣬ѵ⻹һȺں֮ڣѧԺȻҪǾֱȥ˭·˭ʲôֵģ˷ʱ䡣
üͷСȵ˼
˵˾ǲҪˣֱӸɡ
ֻĻǿ϶ˣѵ̫ô


1827 ׼
˼Ƭ̣˺ˣǾأ
˵һҵɡ
˵ǰʮһ˿ƺǿ֮ʮλĳսʿЩսʿʵһ㡣ʮ˿ɶţԾսʿһһӦò⡣ԶԸʮλĳսʿֻҪʮ˾㹻ˡʣµʮˣǻʮˣҲһս
׺˼һսǵʤܴ
ֻһս⡣
ȡʤ֮󣬵ʱʮ˲
ʲô֮ǰǻ˵ҲҪôȥʹʹĴһܡȻǽΪҾøһսҪѵûǾͲͻƵԲ񾳽ˣʱ򿪿ڵ
һöǧʲôҲϣʹʹһܡ㵭Į
˭͸˭ϻʲô
ȫ̭ҲҪǴԺǾ˱ᡣ
ߣһһɨ죬˭ֱնˡ

ʮѧԺѧ׷׿ڣ˵ͷ
֮ʱ֪뷨ΪǸôأԼӦçȥˡҲˣʵϣʹʹһܡ
ĬˣԼЩ͹ͬѧǵĳɳٶˡ
Աߣǵ˵ǶЩɵۡ
ѧԺѧôôһƵģǾôսô
˼Ƭ̣ǺãǾֱçȥ˭赲ǻȡǧǾ˭һǾſһˡ
⻰ѧЩǵҲѪڵĸо

ʼսƻ
ΪԵǽӽǵĵˣʱҪսҲҪԡǱǵƣˡ
󷨣
ҦʱѧԺˡ
˵ͷʤĻǴɱ࣬˵ĸλ󷨣ھǽǲĻһʱҲֻܽһЩ򵥵󷨡ҿһ£򵥣ӦúܺʣһҲǿԽ̻ᡣʮ֮гʮ˲ó鱱鱱жĸλÿ԰ѵȫסڻʣµӦΧˡ
ţȻܼ򵥣תΪ䣬ȷʵ
֮Уǵʵͷһ

һһˣʼ˽аţʱսһѹȽϴʵǲĶʮˣʣ׼Ӧ˵ˡԣʵǿ˼زסĵ˳󷨣ǳƱػᱻƵҵĴҡҦܡСȡͺ˵ʱ䵱һɫ
û⡣
ʣµĶʮʮλѧԺѧƽ䵽̵˵λѧϰȡСʱ֮ȫŪǳµԭ;λʱ䣬ǿʼϰʮ˸Сʱ֮󣬲ܴѧϰôǶϸڶöҪ˵սһսǱҪӮҪӮƯҵҪǰ˵ȫ̭ǵ̭ʮˣҪ̭һȰڡ
˵ʱ˶ĵһ
ȫ̭˵ˣ̭ʮˣҪ󲻿νߡ
Ͼǿǰʮһ˰
һȰ˵̭ʲô
ʮλѧԺѧ֮Уһ˲˵Լһаˡ
ôûˣЦ֮ǰǲǿڿҪսôôưˣǻ浱սǹҼأҲսˣȻǵǸսˣһս֮ȫˣٸսʲôáԸսʲôÿһս֮󻹶ܻǲ
˳ĬˣҲò˵е
һսҪÿһս֮ʵȻֻǴţơ
˭ưˣ˵Ķţ˭Ҫûиɵ˸˾ͱ̭ˣһȥ֮󲻺úʰʱЩȥˡ
ѧԺÿ̭ʮˡҦʱŵ
Ȼö˵
˵ǿʼѧϰǸҲţѧϰּ󷨸ڻ¡
ټѧԺѧ̵һֻһСʱͿʼ
Ǽ򵥣ؼĻϡ
ǲ󷨵߸ͨ󷨵Ҫֹ
˺ѧԺѧʱɵĶ飬ͨǲܵģϵĲӾ㲻ˡ
ʱһĹȥҵҲԽԽãѾģˡ
˵Ȼû˵ʲôʵѾȫѧԺѧǸˡ


1828 룬Ҷɵ
ѧԺѧԨ֪ʶѧԺѧΪ̸£ѧԺѧ֮ͬѧϵȫ
ѧԺѧǵȤ£ʱҲ̲סЦ
ʱ䵽ˡ
ţ˶ͣ
Сȴһ򣺡ǻʲôǹȥɡ
ţȥ
ףһһˣ˵ǣǵѧϰǿȻһֺܼ򵥵󷨣ʮ˸СʱʱյôãǺܳԤϵġÿ˶ţ֮š˵Űٷ֮ʮŵžŵ߳ɾֻܴﵽҾЩ̫ˡǲӦֻгΪǱǵǱ޵ģǿԳΪǾԼֻܳΪһԺֻһ񡣿ҪǾԼԺԼܳΪһҲܳΪһ
ǵ˶һǱĻ𾪵ˡ
ʲôڼǣǳŸߵĿŬ
˭˵ֻܳΪģûô˵Դӽ뵽һ죬ԼôΪˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊٷ֮ʮŵžŵ˶ֻܳΪӦҲǾǰٷ֮ʮŵžŵˡ
֮Ǿ͸Լ趨һޣôܳߵľ硣
ǳĬãؾһллԺҪͻƵϵľ磬һĹ͡ѧԺĸλͬѧһѧϰʵҲоˡѧԺѧȻͬһΪ磬κһ˶Ҫ롣ƾ˵ѧȻҲΪԶңĴڡ
Զң
˿ƾЩԾ
ʲôʲôԶңʸ˵Ļɡ
ƾʱЩǶʲôҴţˡǻ˽ңҾһ㣬ûʲô׷ġǶôҰôһԺҪҵƵģһôƭôúõغѣͬѧ
񵭵Цƾװʲôˡѧʱ츳Ҳǵ͵ĿֻBһ·ȴѧܶѧ츳úܶѧΪѧԺһѧ˵㣬ûô˭֪㣬ֻҪΪܽһ˿ᣬ㶼ȥƴƤȥƴ˭ܱȵϵġ
ѧԺѧҲЩĿƾһһ·λ񾳽磬ֱһ档
ڲѧԺѧΪƾĺ־
ƾֱ˰ǹ·ĸоߺߵ˵ȥƴˣƤʲô˭֪ƤΪʵԳϴˡ
ǺǣʱضܲҪķʵҪѧѧ˵ʱеţһңԷøһöСǧ͸ױԴڼ׺սͶأҶģ㾹ȻѪоܻһöȻõ˸͵㶫ôģ
˵һȺ˴˿̶ɵˣЩֵĿƾ
޺ļһôô
ϸ룬ڸոչȥʮ˸Сʱ棬ƾԹصȹƣڶûоʲô⡣
һаŰ
ƾ̲ס﷭˷ۣһﻹǶ죬ȻʵҲΪλеǺãǽС׳Ƶģ˵ɶǶţϾͲдϡǰ׳գƭҡˡңҲֻƭһ㱾ԴһöСǧҪǻˣǱ˿ܻҪǮءǸһÿΣԺǾͲֿˡ˵ǻӦøлأ˵ǲǣ
л㣿
˶ǺǺˣȥϣλеŲҪƴ
ɡ
Ҳٶ˵ʲôÿ˶ԼĵҪߣҲƾĵ

СҲǵһսڴϾһΨ²ҵˡ

һСʱ֮
ǰһγˣҦܺͻ
ϰ󷨵ʱȥһ飬һȷһ̿Դ顣
ֹˡ
ҦʱЦЦҰ󷨸ˣȻ΢һ˵н·ߣǾͷöǧ˵ѾΧǧפǾ͵ȴǧˡ
˵ͷǺãȫǰ
ʮ˻ƿռ䣬һſŵǳŵڶöλøϸȥ
Ǳߡ
˶ࡢ˹Լһλսʿ̸
˶ЩԹû뵽ôãǾҵһöǧ˵ʮöǧôƭ˵ģôǧȻӴܽˣֻҵһöжãҲʮµʱ䣬ǻҵöǧһöʱҲö
ǻ˴ۣҵǧ⣬Ȼһ
˹Ҳ̾һҰɣҪֻҵöǧ˼һҵǧҲܳʮöĿǰĻȰҵǧ˵һöһö
λսʿ¿û˵Ǿʮλսʿ档
Ҳǧûйϵʮ˽ʱûǧ
ÿƽʮöСǧֵİʮڹѫѾǺܴһʲƸ㹻֧һ·Բ񾳽ˡ
ûǧûʲôǲţǵʱúܣͻƵԲ񾳽硣
ȫƾŴ˴λõԴİԲ񾳽硣
Ҳʱ䣬ǲǡ
˺ǿһ㣬ҲǿﵽԼĿġ
Ų˶ͽ˹Ҫ뿪ʱ¿һ飺ҵöǧѧԺıǣһЩѧԺѧľöǧӦѧԺѧȷֵġöǧ죬ǱȻȡʱǿѾ̾֪ξٶ
¿ѧԺѧϤǶѧԺɵ˽⣬Ǿһ֧ɱɱľӡ
ǰˣһŵıӲȥ
ؼÿһսɵȡʤоսʿɵǳ˾⡣
ѧԺѧ᲻Ҳģ
ѧԺѧɵһͣô˹ƵʱҲá
˶ʱȴЦѧԺѧôˣǳҲֻжʮˣʮ濪ٳСǧ糬Ű֮ҲˣЩѵǵĶ֣ǹãȫԽ˻Ǹȫ̭ˣʱٵ㾺֡
¿ü˵ʥŮѧԺѧأ
˶ʱЩصټ˵ˣǾЩ鷳ˡ˵ĽǺʵĸսʿΧܺһս޹ʥŮǱԸҪʮ˲СʱǹȻȡʤҲҪأЩòʧ
˹Ҳǵ˵ͷʱ϶Ҫ㡣
˵ţֻоռв
ƺв˹ˣ˶Ƿ׷׷˳ȥ
ˡ
˿һöʱҪǧ䡣
ʱʾһ£󺰵˵ˣǿ뿪öǧѧԺȷֵġǲϹӣѵûпǧѧԺµıǡ
˶ͽ˹üͷǷˡ
ѧԺȻ˵˽ˣֻʮˣǱҪ١
˶ɫܲãô죬ԷһʮˣѧԺʮˣ˵ļλʥŮʮˡ
˹û˵Ƭ̵ҪѧԺʮˣΪ߾ĳսʿռҹǿҪԱʮңսʣµֻʮһˡڻеЭᡢðЭԼЭѾϵһ飬ʮˣǿɶţʱǵʵͱȲˡ
̲סЩŭѧԺѧҪĴΪһöǧƴܾˣǸܲ
Ϊֹǧųּöôֵ
˶õİ취ʵѧԺ˵ЩȺðˡЭԼеЭƴ
˹ͷǵġ
ʱ򿴵Ǳû˵ظһ飬һöǧѧԺҵģӦѧԺҪٲ뿪ǲˡ
⻰˵ĺͱˣһǲߣǾǺǿս̬ȡ
ѹеŭЦԭѧԺĸλȷֵöǧǺھ뿪ˡ
뿪
ѧԺѧ˵һȺŶˣͼƻĲһ
һƽƺϵ˺һɣ
һ
˺ͽ˹˿벻һпսˣ˺ôԶ⻹̫
Ϊ˱ʵǻˡ
ҦܿǾζҶɵһǴˡ

ѧԺ˵ǶЩйѵǾͰ׼ˡ
ɾʱֻҫ۵İ׹⡣
ˡ
Ҳʱһˣ˹ѧԺ˵ţָɵѧԺ˵ô
ǻеЭĻ֪ʲôʱҲˡ
ζŻеЭᡢЭԼð˵ҲڸһʱЩ


1829 ѧԺڮ٣
Ȼﻰ䣬Эð˵ȫˡ
ЭṲʮˣΪ׵ѾһǧСǧİѷ
ð˹ʮˣΪ׵һİ١
ټϻеЭʮˣʮˡ
Ҫ뿪Ĳ˺ͽ˹˿̲סͣ˽ŲǶԺѧԺսȷʧءټϻеЭᣬЭðˣȫһˡ
˺ͽ˹йͨ
ˣǺͻеЭᡢЭԼð֣Ҫʲô۲ܰѧԺ˵˸̭ˣ
ʧʮˣȫ԰ʧתƸͬʱǵʵʱһս֮ǵʵȻǿġ
˼ǿԺ֣
ǿԣҾ͵Ǵͬ⡣ϾڵʵǿģѧԺ̭ˣ϶ҲҲ̭ˡĴʱǲô졣
˵Ļ˹Ҳüͷ
ɾʱֻŭѧԺһöǧˡ˻н˹ǿܻ֪֮ǰΪһöǧǻеЭʧأܴһѧԺģǿɺһսǻеЭ᳹ʧȥ˺ʵҲԻǧʲôϣˣҾ뱨𣬾ʲôӲҪˡǻеЭƴ֣ҲҪһöǧͻơҾѧԺЩˣȫ̭ˡôǶΪҷˣҸǣûС
üͷ֮ǰҲյϢ
ʱֻ֪еЭһ̭ˣһʣµʮҲ𣬾˶˰ٷ֮ʮ
ڷӣĽˡ
ڵĻ￴ѧԺˣȫһҪɱ˵ӡ
˲һﱻɱ˫ۣڻеЭ֮ӣܹί嶼˴˳˰ٷ֮ʮѾסˡǺ֣һΪ˱ѧԺ϶᲻һеĳǰ棬϶ǣð˺Эᡣһǵʧͻ󽵵͡
ԸѧԺѪƴ˾Ǻ¡
ð˺ЭᣬʵͬҲǺ¡
ΪҲûеЭѧԺ˵ʵ˵ʵԼ֮
ЭİѷԼð˰ٸ޶ԣֻ˵ĻӦˡ
˵˲ԸԸѧԺˣҲɵϣԲѧԺԼƴһ
ʱ򿪿ڵˣԸƾʵѧԺ˾Բڻ¡ǲԸҲȥöǧ͹ѧԺˡѧԺĻɾͻöǧˡϸ֪ǵڿǰСǧ˳ȥһöǧûлãĿǰǿء
⻰˺ͽ˹˵ʹ
ٵҲ˼öСǧĶмʮöˡ
أСǧָľսʿԼһöû
˹ʱЩסˣˣһ̿϶Ҫģᣬ˵ԸˡϾǵʵǿģҲ˼ɵġ
һ֪˹˵Ĳ١
ڻеЭᡢЭԼð˽ϵһ飬ǻ澺ټ뵽ء
ʱǿ϶׵ҪԸġ
ڳ˲леЭЩûӵĲм䣬ȰѼ̭ˡ
ʱʣµԽ٣Խ٣ҲԽȫ
˵˵ͷã˴ӦˡǼһٶʮˣԸѧԺʮˣ϶ʤɡ
ͬм˵ǲһˡ
Ǳֵһ
˿ѧԺ˵ˣߣѧԺ̫öǧװȷֵģǾȻΪСĻ˻Źһǻ˻еЭôˣڱеЭᡢðԼЭҲʹˮʶģѧԺ˾ͼβͿ
Ǻˡ
ҦҲЩû뵽һƤͦģ֮ǰװӻҪ뿪ҪͱֶԸѧԺˣǱȷ黹졣
Ҳ̲סЦˡ
˲Ҫģ涼ټ
ƾֿͬĸоܿһġ
ʲô˼ӣ˿ƾЩɵ
ǺǡƾЦЦ˵ôôͿˡ
ΪϤƾˣ˿ȫܶƾ뷨˿ҸҺģ˿ƾ϶롮ˣ㲻ҪӵҼӣǰһܵܡ
ܵܣ
˶Ƿ׷ײĿƾôİɡ
ƾŤͷҸʲôҾǲҪˣܰô
˹ѧԺǱûжΪԼĻãǵôߵĳʲôƨѧԺʲôˣǸһսôҾǸôô˵ˣѧԺˣҿǾһȺҷϡǲǵһս֮ȫԱ̭ʮöǧͺûϵˣȰǰһҪԴΪأһҪס

Ҧ̲סЩŭŽ˹Ѿɱ⡣
һﻹŵĲ񻰡
ҲŭһЩǧôѧԺǲҪôѧԺĵ񣬻ʲôҪһݺݵؽѵ
֮һ̫˾Ǳ̭ɡ

һȺѧǱ˹Ĳᣬ׷׿ڡ
Ҳɫһ̫ˣҲˣȻѧԺҲһˡ棬һɱˡҲǺùǱ̭ôʧȥǧĻôʲôΪѧԺһս򡣡
СҲǵ˵ͷѧԺڮ٣򡣡
򡣡
̭Ҳϧ
˹ôǼסˡ

˹ԼɵˣֻǷһôôĳޡ
̲סЩɫ䣬˿϶ᱻѧԺԣʱԽ˹ҲЩŭ
˵ǲɵһʲôô
һսöԶԶģȻѧԺ˿϶׷
ؼǣ˴ʧ
Ҳ˾Щ΢˻ᷴڣһȻ˵ˣǻʲôְɣ
˵ţȳȥ
ʱ˼һ£ԻŵһＸöǧҲ̫ƴ˰ɣ
֪ĶѧԺŭС˵öԣûԶѣֻԶ档
ѧһŻЩ
ٴβ֪˵ʲôˣ˵˵ôôð˺ЭҲˡ


1830 ƣƴˣ
ʱһ֪˿Ҳסˡ
ȷʵơ
Ҫеƴȥеȴǻۡ
ˣġĵķ
Щ˼ųĻֱӭȥ
ҵס
ʧ˸ǰ
ߵٶȷɿ죬Ծһ˿µӡ
˶ǺǺǣû˵ףܵĵǿ졣
˵ɡʱһ񲻽ֻ֪ͣߴˣǵ֮ǰҺҦһȥյ˵˹ôʵʱֻҦȥˣܼ˻еЭĻ

֮ǰѧԺŰѻеЭУеЭİ˱̭
һȥ⵨̫ˡ
Ҳ뵽ѧԺոشеЭᣬȴֺͻеЭܴ˺
ĻеЭᱻѧԺش֮ʣµʮÿ˵ʵܵӰ졣ʱΪ˲ŻҲΧѡ˺ĵڶҲð˺Эˡ
Ҧܵͷѡûκ⣬ð˺Э϶ɻеЭʮˡΪҪˣʱûеЭͿûеЭʮ˵Ϊһ˵ʵ
ֹû⣬Эð˼ֱ֮á
ҪˣҪ׳
ҪˣҪѧԺ˵Ľˡ
ԣȻľܻ뵽Эð˵Ķ֮ȥ
ؼеЭᾭѧԺһսʵֱ
ǾòɻеЭᣬҲĻеЭǲʲôв
Ц϶Ҳ֪ð˺Эֻǣ˵ˣ϶ǳ䵱ȷ棬ҲʮˣﹻôڵġؼǾˣܱð˺Эʩһöǧ㲻ˡ
ԭˣ׼˻еЭδֻҪѧԺŵеЭ棬ȷܻЩ棬һѧԺˡ̾һ
ѧҲһһﰡ
ѧԺͻеЭǴɺǻеЭʮ˾ð˺ЭԵס
ֻҪѧԺҪʱûеЭᷴð˺Эᡣ
ͷҰ˼ŵ˻öǧΪͣȻѾõһöǧҲ͸𣬲ҸʮöǧλãֺǩһЭ飬˳˺
öǧ磿
ԲһС֡
Ͼа˴ѧԺоôˣ塣
ƽһܻöǧǶˡ
ټԼѧԺʵҪǿһЩ϶ø
ԻеЭЩʵģܻöǧ㲻ˡ
ʵϣеЭĿöǧȡö
ܻöǴ˴εͺܳɹˡ
ֻһش죬Լƶ񲻿ˡ
ѧԺʱ֣֮֮ǰѧԺشǡ
ʲôûԶĵˣֻԶ档
˭ܸǧ˭ѡ
գﻹԴ˳嶯ѡѧԺڹؼʱΪѧԺһС
ھǹؼʱ
Ѿյİʾ˿ҪһٶǬ
ҦܳĬһ£˿ںͻսһ񣺡ʵһܴʣһл᲻ͺͻõġݵһ磬褴Ƹһѻ͵ð˺Эǰ߾㲻õģһöǧʱı˺һУ
⻰˶Ǵһ
Ǻ߻ãֻ˵񿴵ԶıԶǡ
ǰߣͲıԶˣЩˣǰ˶Ƶɵһ
֮ҦܵӣôʲôҲֻʱءߣǰ߻ǺߣֻҪ㻹ѧԺѧԲ㡣
ѧ룬Ҳǵ˵ͷ
棬ʵǿıٳǶѧԺĸλѧȴޱȡ
û˵ƭʲôѧһϺһ
ʥչֵ쾡¡
ڣʥա
⣬ʥ
ҦܿǱϷݵĲˣʱһᾡϻеЭˣǴǶð˺Эɾɱһ
ʱܲףϷô
ʱϻеЭˣһپͰð˺ЭС
ڣ˽սһ顣
˺ѧԺƶʮ˰ðˡЭԼеЭĲһ˸ĸ֮С
ΪԤƵĵ˱Ҫ࣬ʮѹܴ
һӣ˼һӡ
ˣһ֮ʤѧԺˡ
⻰˽ҧء
ƴˡ
ʱƴʲô


1831 Ӯˣ
ʮλѧԺѧʮλš
˿ǶĲ˾ǺۣһҪ˵ӡ
ĸϱĸǾһһ˸εضס
еİ˲ϳһδεı˻
󷨣
ǾĳսʿˡðԼЭţ˿̶ǿˡ
Ȼƾʮסǰˣܡ
󷨵ǿٴֳ
֮⣬׷Ż򣬻ȻǶ֣밬ѷֶԸ
սһţһʱ侹Ȼѷʤ
СҲ˰٣һһǲַһĹͨԡ
ԭʤڲġ
СȵĲ֮ӳ£پȻĽڽڰˡ
䣡
Сһȭȥܻա
ֻо֮¶ҪΪɻң˿̾ȻֱƵĸо
ȻСȸѹˡ
СһЦС㣬ϧַ̫ǳˣػؾǼС
СѾ˰ٵ
ٿһŸ򣬿Ǹַս
ǾһѧϰѧȴͻӼ˳ʲô߽㲻ˣһԪһεķʽҲⲻˡ
СǲһܻϡףָƣʩչĲ༶ʮ֡
ǰ٣ֻв֡
ٴ˿ҲǺ޼ҶһȷֶҲ̫ˡ
ǲ֮޷ÿʩչȥֱӾͻᱻСȸӵ
Ҧߣץס˵Ĳ˲š
һ˲Ƕ֣˵λԼһλеЭŴЭ
ĴһſҦܡ
ǲס˽˹˹ҲֲŵסҦܡ
ǱλðˡԼЭΧ˿̲ù
ʱܿ͹ȥ˰ӡ
Ǳ߻ãĸҪɢˡ
λڶıλ˵Ŷصһ˳˰ٷ֮ʮ
ϡҲˣڱ
ֻһͻ᳹ʧȥá
ɱ
֮Уƾ󺰵һĳһλսʿնȥ
۾Ѫ죬״񲡣
Ҳһӽٷ֮ʮ
˿ƾһλսʿµˣ˵ɱ˵ôһȥҪС
ɱңȥ֮Ҳᱻ׷ģ
׳գҾǱ׷ôţ˰ҵõȫߣҵĹѫȫ۳ѵһҪΪ㳥ɣ
ƾЦںӡ
۳ҵʲô۳ϵĹѫʲôֻҪһսȡʤ񻹲һöǧ
ǾЩսʿ˿ɾͰˡ
λĳսʿ˿̾ȻԶԣ˵̫еˡ
˵׷϶Ҳǿ۳һ㶫
ƾԷηӣһоսʿţսһѧԺҪӮҲҪӮѾѡ񣬽ÿһжǱɱһУÿһжͬھҪѡӲҲǰһȰǱ˵ģԼġ򲻹ǾͷȥǶҪɥĵزҲ㾡ְˣܲҪǴɣ
˵ţƾһֱӴλսʿ塣
Էޱȡ
Ҫɱһ㶼ǿЦġ
뿪һͻ顣
뿪ǲ뿪
ҪΪ˴СЦˣôܡ
˳
ŵŶӼͷʧս
˿һĻҲǾޱȡ
ѧԺ˵ȴܵ˸Ⱦһɱ⾪ˡ
ҲӺݶ
ˣȫǷˡ
Ĳٳսʿ˿̶ı̭֡
ת֮䣬ʮ˳֡
Ƿ
˹̲סĻͱһƴ˳ȥ
սʱ򻹸ҷģǲ֪ôд
һӵԼԽԽ
ɾʱ򣬶ıڼزȥһλ󷨵ṷ̋ˡ
һˣͲ֮ܳΪˡ
ӶͻΧȥ
˿һĻ
ʱֱ嶫߶ȥҪ忪󷨣ĸΧ¡
̫ˡ
̲ס˷Щ˰ΧǾܷסѧԺ˵ˡ
ʱʤͲԶˡ
ҲǴϲСȣѧԺ䶨ˣ䶨ˡǱ߰ʮܰǶʮ˴ĺ޻֮
ʮ˶ԶʮߣѹԵġ
ʧȥ󷨵Ķʮˣܵס
СȺߵС㣬ǲŶΪ
˵ţ
ֻʱ۾һգǱ߻ˡ
ţеЭʮͬʱˡðԼЭȥ
飡
׵ľǰѷĺ棬˿һͰİӸ
һӣ˾ʹﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ѷޱȵĿŻǾĿ⣬Ǿǲš
ɱ
ʱҲԥһȭ˰ѷҪѰѷһ

ѷҪ汻ٴαһ궼ͻԲ񾳽ˡ

ŭͽ
ţ˴ͷ˳ȥ
ƲƲ죬мһˣʲôͽͽҲ̫ˡ
ҶΪǧ˵ͽЦ
ͬʱλеЭа˸Ҳ͵Ϯɹ˶У˴ﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
λð˵ţλЭţԼһλ˵ֱӱ̭֡
ң̫ˡ
˴˿Ҳ±ˣͻһĻ˶ɵۡ
ϵҲ˾ת
ķһһʮˣ˿ȥеЭʮˣȥ̭ˣʣֻнʮһˡ
ѧԺߣϻеЭʮˣ˿ﵽʮˡ
ʮһʮƻƣʵнӽʮǾĳսʿսһ㡣
ټЭĶӳѷѾ̭ЭˣԼ˵Ĳﵽٷ֮ʮҲҪ֣Ҳˡ
ԣռƵʵѾѧԺˡ
ĮĿһУ֣ʣµȫ̭֣ǵľơ
˴˿̲ٳɡ
ʱҲ˶ߵı󣬶֮ǰ̭˵š

ŭ˿̶Իɱ졣
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ʣµ˿ٳ֣ҲҲѡ񼤷˴ͷ
û취ѧԺԼеЭһʣʮˣ̫ˡ
Ӯˡ
˵˴˿̶̲ס


1832 鴫Уͨ
˿̶ЩţļƻȻĳɹˡ
ӮˣԾԵȡʤ
֮ڣʣµǻֻ̣澺ǵһ֮С
֣пܡ
ĿǰʣµʮˣеЭռˣռʮˣѧԺռʮˡ
ټĭѧԺĿǰΪֹʮ˴
֮ĺڸոձ̭ˡҦܵ
֪̾һ֮Χ̭ԷˣʱأΪ˲ԼӰ쵽Ժűȼ˴ͷĺЩù˿ռݣǲ뿪ͻ֮żĴͷ
Ҧܵͷ˼һµλõ㹻ĻһҪ֮һö
֮˵ģ˵糤
֪һֱЩԸҦЩ̭֮Ĺ磬ʱ򲻻ǧ
ЦЦ̫ˣûôСλõǧֻҪʮö϶ͻ֮һöⲻֹֻ̭֮ҪǧʮöҲһö
ҦٴƷ
ܸ֮֮ȷʵ˲ٵĹףǸȴȫͬѧ֮ˡ
츳һ㣬ʵҲ֮ģһöǧܴ
ûһöǧǧʱҲͻƣܿҪ꣬ǼʮС
Ҧܲ˵ʲôܻܲʮöǧ˵ʮþȵ顣
һöǧȻٸˣţٽз䡣

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Լưʮһ˾ô̭ˣΪ֮ǰ˰Сǧָ˾սʿǿա
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˵ǰڸʮλսʿǧڹѫǽȥʮλأֲ֪ҪѶԴָܻ
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ǵҲȫ̭Ȼ˵ĺõ㣬һöǧûлãȴҲȫûдﵽ˴νȥĿġ
ڻеЭĿФЩ˷ܡ
ΪеЭҲҪˣο϶һöǧòˡ
˭֪ѧԺȻǻеЭȻŵԸöǧ
ڻѾյһöǧΪ𣬶ѧԺռôƣܻþ
ʱѧԺֻҪˣöǧ϶ʮþȵ顣

ڲռ䡣
ȫڵĿռ䣬ٵڲռ䡣
ϲͨҵĿ飬ʲ֣

һֱûкʹһϵҪĿʵĴС
쾳ǿСҪǿ׳
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֪⣬飬һԣڶΪԡ
գɹͨ飬ĴС
˵ͷ֮ҵͻսᣬʱһ쾳ҵע뵽ǿС֮СǿСȫˣӦþܽླ磬Ϊһò༶ҵЩЩͿռģĵĶ
ӸͿռ伳ȡ׳
Ϳռ׳ĸ
һСǻ裬΢ĴռܾǼĶأٴĿܾǵ죬һ
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ͬʱһط
ĭһܲȶĿռ֪ͨͨͨԵú䡣
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ĭõĲռѰҵ⴦֪ǺʲôĿռͨǺ档
⴦ռͨһٸԪ֮ǰֵģ⴦ռҲŽȥǿռڴһصķ羹Ȼ˺ꡣ
ԶΣشҲ޷ͻƵԲԭ֮һ
˽⴦ռ䡣
ûնϺ⴦ռϵΪ⴦ռ͸ܸߵȣֻռ˿
ǵģѧԺѧһ꼶ѧңӦҲעѧԺѧˡôĭ޵һطȻʲôûУоʶ
ǶܺãǸѧѧԺˣ˵Ѿ̭ˡһģͨҵĿ飬ҵĴС鵭ò˵ѧԺ棬л⴦صĿռͨȻȫǵõ
ɺô
òǣѧԺѧԺЩ˲һ
飬ռͨʲôĭ롣
ȰòҪȥٴγԽȥ󶼲ɢ黹ǵ
ĭλΪ鲻ΪĭԻŽȥ
ĭһллĺ⣬һҪȥһ·ǸӦռͨо޴ĺôǾʹ˷ʵЩϧ˵ΣգҲݵˡڹȥһǧСʱǧʱҽȥдʣһʱҽȥĴʾȻ˰ٷ֮ʮǧŰٰʮʱ㣬ҴĸҲǧ֮һϡҾռܸ֮ͨҴΣյĳֶĳֹתֻҪѡ˽ȥʱ䣬ܴʿԻš
龪ȵĿĭû뵽ĭ
ʱע⵽ĭ֮оȻ߿ŽɫڷٵתţÿһӶͣһΣÿһͣӵĵ߸һٻĵ
ӡоһֺصƺܴ͸ʱδ
ҵķĭЦЦ񡢺󡢻Сǣ֪һȷʵĴҲһһȷ򡣡
˰죬Ż
˵ʵǵһμһȷ򣬼ֱ̫ˡ
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鲻֪ĭڵʲôǺȻֻĭ۾һ
ƺȵԼҪĵ


1833 ϣ֣
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ĭʱԥĳصĿռͨȥ
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˵ţӰʧ˿ռͨ
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֮ǰյĭĴѶ֪ĭҪȥ̽һδ֪֮أû뵽ȥˡ
ĭ̭ˣ
ҦЩţ֮бǿӦþĭϾĭܹԤ֪Σգһ㶼Լ뵽Σ֮С
ҲЩĿ
ҡҡͷǱ̭ĭѭӵ뵽һδ֪֮أ뿪Ҳ֪δ֪֮֮лʲô϶򵥡ǽȥܱɣҲĭȥŲ¡ˣҲͱˣҲδ֪֮سĭֱӾܽԲ񾳽ˡ
û˵ʲôĭĻԵ
֪û˵ôɣĭȥ϶ҲΣա
룬˼ǷһڵɣĿǰѧԺԼеЭĹʮˣѾöǧҲȫǵõЩ֮⣬ʣˣʣʮˣ澺ʣʮһˣʣˣսʿʣʮˡ˵ʣµϵһ飬ȻǾԲܺѧԺ⡣
սʿ㣬̼ϻ澺Ҳʮˡ
ʮδǵĶ֡
֮ǰöǧʱ⼸Ҳ֪ˣȴҿ
ЦЦҲ֪ѧԺʵôҾðɣҲǳ˼ɵҿȻˣҲûбҪȥΧǣֻҪǲǧС
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˵ĺϣȷʵҪ
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µǲµȴǾ̭̫֮磬п϶൱Ƿһ顣
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ġСȴǹƣС۾˷ܡ
ѡеˣô˧
ֻ㶼ҪȥɱķˣΪɶңСȾҪڡ
СȡϳһĨЦݣ֪뷨ңСһӦԼ飬ڴˣһԿžС
ðɣ㡣ССԴţԼš
жͨѶ̾һ
ôأһԭǲָӡ

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׶û뵽龹ȻչزҲͻһЩСǧѾöǧö뵽ѧԺУһö뵽˻еЭСǼȥǽһöǧ
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Ц澺ѧԺĽϵ˵Ͱд˺
׶һҪģǾûκλˡ
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һϾϣȻŷ̸УǺǵĲࡣ
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׶Ȼ֪ԭǶǷúܡ
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͸Ϊʲô¿أ澺˴жĶӳɣ
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ʲô
׶ɵۣžȻ
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⻰̲סͬȫƾԼʵǧ˵ѧԺ֮ǰսΣǿ϶˲ᣬǲһʤ㶼ûСӮˣֻҪѧԺ˸ˣˣǿ϶ҲʱһЩǧҲӦġ
͸Цҵ뷨ǲܻøǧöǿѧԺʩġ
ʱȴЩĵǰ¿˲ڹؼʱվѧԺһɣ
Ƕʮ˶ԿѧԺԼеЭʮѾǿǰ¿ʱվѧԺһǿɾʤ㲻ˡ
͸Цǰ¿澺ˣȻԮѧԺһǳ֣ǾǱ澺Ŀܣ
׶ٺŷġ
͸ʱѾȲˣҪ˷ʱˣǾȥѧԺһս
ս
ڰ͸λ澺սʿͬʱ
׶ٺ࿴һۣĬĬ˵ͷ
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ѧԺǳĵġڲԸѧԺ뷨ұ֤һ˻ٷ֮ʮʮ궼ͻơ
˵ţ䡣


1834 һϣ
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ѧԺ˾Ȼˣ
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һȺƾʲôѧԺǧƾʵǷ
˵ţһսʿȥ
ͬ·ٴʩչ


1835 ǣ
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Ƿ
ٴѡһĿ꣬͵ؾͳ˹ȥ
Ŀǻˣȴǻæ𡭡ѡңԸ˳ھ˳
⻰˶ɵˡ
Ը˳
֮£ı˵ӣҺһս


1836 裬Ը˳
׶̲סǴҪʲôǻţǻսʿھȻͱһսûС˳Ļһȥ֮ʹڵȥ
Ҳ˰ͬģҲбӵġ
ɫѿܿһᶨ׶٣ѡеĲ㣬Ƕ㣬㲻˳Ҫı㻹˵ķôʮ궼ͻƣʱõҲ޷ڵ㡣ҽΪһöǧһöǧҲǰͻƣʮꡭǺǣ˵Ҹôѡ
˵ֱ׳Ƕѡ
׶ҧҧսʿվҲŻԺĳɾҲˡ
Цֻ֪Ųϣ˾ʲôûˡ
㡭
һȥ֮Լ˳ڵȥʾ
˵ţֱӼ˴ͷ뿪ˡ
˶
Ӹ˵ĽǶǲòϰ˵еһöܱȵǵҪ
ǴԼͬ飬ӣǲġ
ܺã߸ˡ
ͷһˣڻ˳ô˳ģ˳ü
û˻ػϾÿ˶ǰ
׶ҧҧװˣô˵Ĺ϶Ҳܵˡսȥһܴ
ҲĬĬͷܵôĹһ鶼ûС
Ц˵Ĳҵܵˣôҵ֮ǰٴ߰˸˵廹ġ˵Ҹѡ˭أ㣬㣿
Ŀ⣬˶ĵ׻ҡ
ЦһȺ
ⶼ˵Ƿˣȴû˸ҷˡ
ȣȷʵǷ
ûԸԸ˳֪ǶŽδػѡԼ
һӰһһȻǾ˭˳ҾͰѡһ¡
˵ţһȭһӡ
ӿѡ̲ס˺ȴǽȥȭ
ҧֿסȭͼæͷ뿪ˡ
˳ûٴζ˳ȥһѪ˳
ǣ
ǿϵľʹֳһ˹ȥ
ʱһսһն˶ԷսףȻһȭѶԷİ嶼ûˡ
ͬʱٴΰĽױԴս׸Ѻۡ
Ÿˣ
ܲˣѡһŮӣһȭȥͺ俪ŮӵķȻһŮӵֱۡŮ뼤ͷʱһɳȥ̴Ůӵؿڣһѷ졣
ŮӷŭޱȣҪѡ˳ˣȻŹ
Ҳǻķŵˡ
ʮˡ
˵˺ϵĵڶĽױԴսףȻһױԴսס
Դսȫ飬̭ʮˡ
ԼҲʮˡ
һЦԸ˳ֻҪˣҿԸ˳
㡭
˵˿ǲ֪˵ʲô
˵ʵ˳ܻ˳̫Ըˡ
ңԸ˳
һȻ澺һŮӣ֮ǰ𣬱˳
⻰˶üͷ
Ȼ֪ŮǹģҪ˳ѾһΪҪ˳ˡ
˼һ£һӣ˹£û°ɣ
˹һʱˡ
ʱЩǸҲ˳ٷ֮ʮҲܵشѾ޷սˡ
˼Ѿ̫ˣҲҪ˳
̲סЦˣãܺãҾһȥ
˿ֻоس衣
ˣͬʱ̭ĻĹʮˡ
յϢ֪Ѷʣµ˲ٷʲôˡ
Ϊʣµһ飬Ҳ޷ıʲô

֮澺İ¿
澺ѧԺΪУһжǰ͸Ϊǡ澺͸ߵ߸˻ʣҿȰ˵ǷԼ̵ĺ
¿˵ţ˿ҲЩпĪ
ʱ򣬴Ҷʮ㣬ԼһӮң˭뵽һֱõѧԺȻƿһУһԾơ
Ŷòأ񵭵
澺öǧ¿ҧⶼЩʨӴ󿪿ˣ˵˳
ö
û˵ѾЦʲôأ¿һö㣬ھôеǧѾ֮С
¿Ĭֻǿ
Ƭ̣ԸöҲ澺ѧԺϵһڻҲֻʣˣҪ澺ȫ̭ˡ
¿һȻᶨص˵ͷ


1837 һܶԸ
û˵ʲô澺öǧһ澺ѡ
˴ѧԺҲһȫ
£һЩԿһЩ
ѧԺߣҲھӪ澺Լ˵Ĺϵ澺ͳ˧͹ϵ
ĳط澺˶ڡ
¿Ű͸͸֪㲻ңԼӦòǴ˴ĶӳǽҲˣΥͳ˧澺ĶһΪӮ˻ãó׵סô˱ѧԺһ͸ˡγȥܵʲô
͸ɫ
ʧˣǲʵ
Ű¿ȴŭңȥܵʲôҶϡôҲֻΪ澺ȡǧûκθ˵˽ġ
¿Ц˵ʲôû˽ģ˭š
͸û˽ģǾ͸ָӣԼһС
͸̫֤Լˣ֤Լ澺ţһͿء
¿ٷϻҲȥ֮оϡڵʧˣҲ澺뵽˼ΪľءǾٺѧԺǧҲûһս֮ˡ澺˴һöǧ޷ã˵Ľ֮·ᱻ顣㺦˴ңôҲͻơ
㡭
͸ɫѿһеζѹϣ̫ˡ
澺ʣµ˿Ű͸ҲгԹ
ǰ͸һУҲܵõǧȻֻҪʱ䣬ҲͻƵԲ񾳽ˡ
ڣǲҪܵ𷣣ǧҲΪ˲ܵ顣
¿Ц֪зŭԲңʵڣǻһᡣ澺ѧԺĹϵ㲻Ѿ̸ŵԸ澺öǧ˵ʵܻöǧҲˣȥܵĴҲ᲻٣涼ܴ»СС»ˡ
öǧ٣Ǵﵽƽˮƽˡ
ǻǵõöǧ͸Ҳܻܿᱻᴦ
͸˼һ£ЩĿŰ¿ѧԺôģ
˵ĵ㲻ϣҪǰѻʣµȫ̭ˡ
Ӧˣ
͸ɫѿʱһԸˣǻ˻
ҲôӦǿöǧ㲻ҪǿǱȡˣ˵Ȱöǧķ˵ҡ١ûвѧԺжöǧÿһöʣµһöһֱӽȥʱ˭Ϳ˼ˡ
¿Ͱ͸ϻ˵Ҳֱӡ
͸ɫѿ̲סŭҲͬ⣡
㲻ͬ⣬ܺáǷ˴ΨһһνĻᣬ㻹ˣʱǱ˾ɱڡ¿Į˵š
ʱ򣬸Ű͸棬һվ˳
ͬ⡣ӳ
ˣ㡭
͸ҸȥԸѧԺҲΪܻһöǧΪʱҾôһõǧöƶҵķݡڼƻʧˣƱػܾĴ˱˾֪ζʲôǽ޷ٵõṩκԴ߽Һȵȣɱһöǧмֵ磬ʵӦҲףûԴţҲ޷ɳ
˵˰¿ӳԸ⽫
¿˵ͷܴģʱ治ôͷ㡣
ڰǧˣαסԼ澺ĵλ
ţ͸ԥһ£Ҳվ˳
һҲǺм壬ǵļܸṩԴ϶Ȳ澺
͸˶վ˰¿һߣĬĬر۾һ֮ҧãҴӦ㡣
¿͸¸߹ͷ­̲סЩ㡣

֮
ʣµȫ̭澺Ҳֻʣ˰¿
ţĿ˴ʣĳսʿҵ
˿̹ȻЩûʵǧᡣʲôҪ飬԰ȥǾ鲻ԸһЩСǧԴɡûеĻҲھ˳ѧԺǻܾصġ
ѧԺ󷨣սϵʴ󽵵ͣǵĶˡ
ǶѧԺߡ
ͳ˧ݵˡ
һȺĳսʿ˵ţȫǷġ
ΣֱӰЩսʿڵǲˡ
ȻˣǾһǣҲͼѧԺɵʱҲø
Ƕô˵ˣҲ˵ʲôСǧѾĲˣҲˣ޷ǡʣµǧԸһöô䣬ҾͲˡ
˵ţҲһ¡
һʮöǧеЭö澺öһöʣµľǶʮö
ֻ滹Ҫָһ֣Ŀˡ

Щ֮ȥʣµˡ
񣡡
Ϊ׵˿ƺ׼һöǧģ԰ɣ
˿ǰ棬һöǧȷֵġ
ǣһöǧǣֻһǲٵġ
㲻
λŶЩ
˵ͷһöǧӦǣϾҲ׷ԴǵĶ
⻰λŶøд
ЦЦлỶӭȥѧԺͣѧԺһ廹Ǻкøеġ
˵Ϊӳһ£ллһǰȥݷá
û˵ʲôԺյл⣬һöǧҲ˼
Ȼûȥ彮򣬵ȷ

źһУһûǾȥ𱨳
̭һֱǵá
Ҳܵˣ򸶳ۡ
ǶøȥҾУһܶԸ񻺻
̻ʣˡҦЩġ
ˣܶôƴ𣬿̭ʮˣȻҲʵֻʣ˵ĻǾҵҲܳٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮֵһᡣ񵭵
ٷ֮ʮڵ𣬲ǶȥָΪԼ
ʵֻҪٷ֮ʮ𣬶⡣
Ӱһ뿪ˣԸŴһȥҲΪôһֱӾͻἤͷ뿪
һȥ˷½ġ


1838 ı
̵ţ̴ʱͺѧԺ
ȻûѧԺ鷳ⲢζˣֻΪûҵʵĻᡣ
ѧԺ֮ƴڵͷߣ̾ǰ˴֮һȴҲѹסѧԺ
˫͵ʲôûзһ̭űڤѩⶼ̵ܵΧܸܵڽ
ŲұǧѧԺѧܴѧԺ˵ʲô
Ҫģ֮֮
ҪѧԺѧԺȻҲ̲
ҵǣѶȺܴ
ΪһöǧˣΪرֱӸָʣ֮˵λá
˿̣򡢱Լ̵˴˿һ۽ô졣
ǵڻǲԸϾ⻹ûеʱ̡
һ׮ϣһѽɫذķתţѧԺһҶǽǧĿʵ̫ˡϾѧԺˣϻеЭᣬﵽʮˣȥĻѰ·ˣҲˣΪʣµˣԼ澺˶ѧԺĽ¡
⻰ЦȺˣǱѧԺĹںսϣѧԺɵֻҪˣǾͻβʹȥѧԺǸǰѧԺѧԺ˾澺ͻеЭᣬһȺʹСҲǿЦ
򽾰ޱȣȫ˷
ô˵Ҫ취ǧУܲһöǧòɣҪҲȥѧԺ̸У˵ǷֳöǧѧԺҪ̼ӵġ
˵ţʵѹˡ
ˣʵѧԺìأѧԺ˻ָ澺ͻеЭǧԲָǡǹȥ̸Уȡ衣Ҳ޷ǧǧʱǳ䲻һöǧȻͷ뿪ѧԺҲֻܸɿš
ܣ뷨
سһ£䲻֮£ǻַͨһöǧ
˵ţһЦ
û뵽ʱǾȻ뷨Ҳ̫ʵʡѧԺˣϻеЭᣬҪټϾʮˣﵽʮ֮ǧʱΧˣôܸǻᴳ˵ΪԷһÿһöǧΧ󷨣Ϥ󷨵˶ܿǧ
ҵ
ɫ䣬ѸٴӶصĵط˳ȥ
ųˣһöǧܣҪǧö
˵ţı򿪣ֻ治öǧٶöСǧ
۾ˣĵ׿
ǽΪ
ôǵõȫԽˡ
ְⱳһӣҵһ֦ϣöǧʮöСǧֻҪܴȥǾ̵ġ
񡭡
ؽȭͷȻϳ񣺡˵ѧԺǿģһǱǻϵ
ЦųңǾˡˣȰҲϽҲκλǧΪҲκεĻᡣ
Щס˵̡
̻ǧ˿öǧţ˵ôСǧǾ֪Ķ֣Ҳܴܻᡣ
ıҪǧ
˵̵˲һᶼûС
ػ˵ʲôʱȴյĴ
أҲκһ˶Ķ֡Ҿĸ˲סһȫлƹѾʧܣǱƴһ£ƴ񽾰ͷˡ
⡭
һΣҪһȥô
˵еϾǿöǧǻˣܿͻƵԲ񾳽硣
˹ͨһ£ܿʹһ¡
Ȼ󼸺ͬһʱ䣬ͱسͬʱ˳ʢı
񲻾ЦϹˣΪΪʳ˵Ļһ㶼١


1839 ǳ
˼ģӭȥͬʱ˳ȥ
̺ǳ֮һƬֱӾͰͱظ档
飡
ͱصɳȥ˶Щ
ʱӰһ˱ǰŹᱳȭ
ȭǳ֮編֮ļӳ֮£Բ񣬱Ƶ˾˺
лᡣ
ͱزûʧ䣬۾һոٿһȫ
˿ϣٴγ֡
ͬʱֳ֮һҲΧһǣס
񸹱ܵУƺܲ
Ȼ񱻱һ̴˼򣬶ʱ͵һȭȥҲֱӺؿڡ
˻ˣѡ˺Ĵ򷨡
ֻһҽУȫͷһ룬˵ɳȥ
壬һ˾ʹﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ塣
һУ֮зɳѷɽֱᱳˡ
ۿžҪ֣˿ȴֱӱɽն˰ӣ˴ﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
һ㣬Ͳһ㡣
ش˿Ѫ죬ǵ˶ˡ

˿Ҳ˲ˡ
ֻҪٿһ㣬Щɾȫǡ
Щ˼ֱֵһᡣ
񿴵Ц
ʱŲһ㣬ʵԶء
Ĳһ㣬ʵֹ㿴ġ
ٴսһţֻ֮˱أñصش
Ȼٴסᱳˣǲôһ㡣
ҲҪٲҴţȫԸ˳ٷ֮ʮֻҪЩȥҲ϶԰޸壡
ȵȼԼˡ
ȫԸȼҲϧ
ҲҧǺ۵Ķͽ
һĻ֪ˣܺãʱ򡣵ȫԸʱǿʱҲʱ򡣡
ȫԸǿΪʱеϡ
ˣڷϵȻ
ȵľᣬһٲĻᡣ

һ֮зɳǧٰѷɽЩɽһǳһ㣬ǿա
Խ󣬽ǳ
ǳأԳ硣
ǳںǳ֮Լ֮ɱ֮ѧɵںϡ
ѧ֮ɱǰǿɷ˽֮£Բ񶼲Ӳ
ɫ䣬о˲
ȻɹǰʱѾǧˡ
Ϊһ֮£о
ҲһԼҪ⽣ߡ
ҲܱȵϵԼ
һôܺһֻλ񣿡
ôʩչôǿĹ
оΧռһܶˣ뼤ͷȻ

˴һֻǵ崩˹ȥ
ǵ˲ǧٿףϸ׷𣬻Ϊ˷ɻҡ
һʱѣǵ˾ʹﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮֵ
ǵˣ൱ʮ֮ŵ屻٣һЩֵܸߵϡȱȻʱǸ޸ˡ
ıЩһҲ
ˣȫˡ
Ͳţ˿ˣⶼƺõġ
νĲһģΪľǵȵʱǡ
ҲֻǿϣǲŲͷ뿪Żսȥ
ŽҪ˯ͱأǴѧԺѧ³Ժ뱨𣬾ҡǵشҲûԺˡ
ϣպñһˣһƬƲʡ
ͱ۾֮ǰıӰһ㣬к⣬л⣬Ҳη塣
԰ޱȣĿˡ
Ǵ˿ǰԵôı΢С
ĽԭЦǲ̵ѡ
ڣˡ
ʵʲôǣڻԺȲϾЩսʿ

ˡ
Ҧܿӭ
ҦܵĻѧԺѧ˺ͻеЭţ澺İ¿ҲΧ˹
ţҲ𱨳ˡ΢΢һЦ˵ϵĻҳһˣȫҸˣıͱ˸ȫٷ֮ʮ
һȺѧԺѧ׷ΪȲʡ
𾪵ĿʵȻˣƺûܵʲôˡ
һﻹôӿʼںҶٶһˣȴһƤûСֹţҲǶЩ
˱ˣˡ
ʵոļ˵˵ģǳʮأЩ̼䱻ŲƵ
һˡ
¿Ĭ죬̲סһ̾
ܱȣĲܱȡ
ˣʵʵĵŷɡ


1840 ǧ䣬ѧԺ
һǧ״ϸ֦棬ƾ׼һЩӡ
ѧԺһҦܡ󡢻Ϊס
˵һСȡԼΪס
СȻѧԺѧڷʱҪ˵ģһˣȻȥ»
ȻǻеЭһԻΪף澺һʣİ¿ȻΪһԿΪףһʣҲȫ
ѧԺѧһĻжǳԺ
˴塢ΣĹҪѧԺ
˭ֶܷһȫҪѧԺɫñҪǷڣõһöǧ
һһˣŻڵҴѧԺѧԺѧԳΪҲУѵݡԸλصģ֮ǰӦŵλǧȻ١
ô˵һʱҲ
ǿɶǴģЩǧϵǵɰܡ
ǻеЭᣬǿԷֵöǧ֮ǰѾһöǧΪǾͻöһŵͼעöǧλãԼöǧΧʣһٶöСǧλãЩȫˡöǧǶҵĳŵʣµСǧǰ͸ǵģϣԺ곤档
˵ţһŵͼ䵽˻ǰ
￴̲סо壬ижڶ㳹׵׷ˡʵ֮ǰ㲻гŵϾѧԺƴ㲻ָǧҲ޿κΡ㲻˳ŵһٶöСǧԲλࡣҾҪǻң϶ôѣҽˣԺ곤档һǻеĹȣκһѧԺѧˣҡ
˵֮󣬳һеǡ
һأԼѧԺء
һֻеõеЭϿɵˣʸ񱻻еֹϵǡ
ҲվŻһĵĹǡ
ȭ֣
˵ˣˣԼ¿ҲЩ𾪡
һٶöСǧֵɲͣøеЭᣬȷʵ˾塣
ŻպõͼȻ澺ѧԺʦ澺ϵܺáʵҵĴ澺ѧԺټ̭ˣȻٰչ׷ǧֻû뵽ԸΥ澺ѡ̡
¿ЩΣʵӦ뵽Щġ
ѯһҲȫһˣ澺Բֻܻöǧ
˵ˣ̫԰
һʱǸûѧԺںѧԺռѹƣǲѧԺʱҲǱˡ
ȻˣҲʲôҴӦҲöǧȻҲԶ֣öǧԼöǧΧһöСǧλõͼ
˵ţһݵͼ䵽˰¿ǰ
¿ӹһʵöǧλõͼעöǧĴųʱ䡣
ıעȻǿǵһˣȥȡ
¿һ˹֣ԺʲôҪæģܿڡ
ЦЦֱӵá
¿ܵô˵˵ֻһֳŵˡ
˵ģ¿˴Ϊ澺˹ؼԵöǧȥ϶õ澺ĴԺΪ˵ǳΪʮþȵġ
һĳŵδļֵҪʮٱЩ
ѧԺ׬ˡ
ʱֿˣֶѣѧԺĴڣһƯҲȰģñʱ۳ЩҲΪǶһ塣ҵһöǧ͹ˣעһöǧΧʮöСǧλãҲȡˡ
λſЩм
Ϊ˵ͺͰ˴˲ͬ
ӭԺ彮ͣҽвɪķ
Ϊ׵˵ȻԼ֡
˴˿̶Щ죬Ϊųˣٻ˵Լ֣ǶԷúܰȫ
ȻɪķѾ񵱳ѣǿˡ
ãɪķҲӭ㵽͡ЦЦص
ĸǣӭɪķͣʵǻӭɪķһ
뻶ӭȥѧԺȫһģȥѧԺǾԵøٷһЩˡ
пգһȥѧԺ˶Ҹе棬Һ֪ʲô漣֮ؿô콾ɪķĵ˵
Ҳţ˿ѧԺѧ콾ɼ԰ѧԺѧŵһܸߵλϡ
תֿ˾սʿлΪĸȻνռһ룬Ĺʵһ㣬Ȼǿ϶ܻøǧȥ֮󣬻ӭȥѧԺµɵǵʵõߡ
ССΪɵһ棬ЦԷǡ
񲢲⣬ɵ¼һЩľţԲ
ʮˣƺЩ⶯
ôǿǶɵ̲סЩڴ
ճŵѾǱעһöǧλãһǱעʣ²İöСǧλá
İö
˵껰ʣµʮ˶ǷҲ̫ˡ
ȻⲻȫǸǵġǾνһʮλսʿÿ˷öʣµĲȫǡĻǿÿ˷ֵʮö͵
νľսʿܶһͱ̭ˣöСǧ̫Ҫˡ
ǰöСǰˣԴδزԼͻƵԲ񾳽硣
Ȼ֪սʿǴ˿ûκ˾ĲԣΪڴ޿ޡ
ôֻ˾塣
վصоսʿлл㡣ѧԺںսϴǾսʿʴ󽵵ͣ˽ķָİٶöСǧɼѧԺĸƷ¡γȥҾʹֵȥμѧԺɵ¼ѧԺɵֵǼ롣
ӭ֮Ҫͨ¼ʱɱŶ
ſء
̲ס˷ۣ˶Ц
ҲݸСЦѣ˵ˣСȣڻʣ¶ʮöǧǸô֣ҿȻҲѧԺģҪѧԺȫˡ
С⻰ɵˣǲԼˣ˵Ļ
С۾ת˰죬ٺһЦ԰ЩͶѧԺˡʥŮҲҰô
⻰ЦѣʥŮ𰡣ҲҪǧ
СȿԼǿȴȫӡ
ʱЦǺãˡѧԺʮöǧһѧԺ׬ˡ
ţ׬ˡ
Сȸ͵ܹʮöǧռ֮ࡣ
ˣ治ָ˵ô
񲻹ЩֻʮöǧѧԺѧԺŹƽԭ㰴չͷÿλѧһСȣ˵˳࣬һ˿Էֵʮöôû⣿
Сȣʮö
һ̽Ƕɵˣʲô


1841 ջ
Сĵ˵ͷʮöԡ
Լ˶Ǽޱȣ˵Ҳһ
ϾǽʱĿҲǶööǧĿ൱ڷһ
ˣǻõСǧҲǱԤƵĶһࡣ
Ǵ˴νˣû˶ˡ
˵ҲСʮöСǧλõͼͬʱгöСǧλã˵λϲѡ
ֻСȿ˿Ӹ˽ǣԼŵͼȥֻҪһöǧз䡣
ǣʥŮ
˷ޱȣСһöǧǻоö֮ࡣ
Լ˵Ĺ׽Сȣ϶ֵܷһš
ǷֲǧģôСǧҲԲˡ
ʱ򿴵ѧԺѧ˼ѧԺʣµʮöǧҡҪĭûйףҲ䡣ĻʣµʮÿÿһöķַʧƽȻȥ֮һÿĹѧԺ㣬ÿֵǧ˰չѧԺжٲ
Ȼû顣
ûǧڶͻƵԲ񾳽磬ԲҪѾСӣǧûô
˲ҪǧҲԤ֮С
ȥ֮񡢻϶϶ò㣬׽ٵҪ֧ܻöǧ
ܻǧһʵҲʲô
ϾĿǰҲһǧ
񿴵ѾԾԾԣϺȻЩѾϣֻҪԵȡС֪˭عأ˵ʱɱҲ
µĹأѧԺ
˭ǸΥʱ򲻰Ļ϶õı
˼һЩⷽ뷨˿Ҳǰˡ
񲻺ǣѧԺǣΪһöѧԺ񣬸ֵá
ǼʶѧԺѧǿ໹ǱŽύ˼
ʱȥ
Ȼûȫ죬Ҷ֪ʵͽˡ
һ֮󣬾ʮλսʿ뿪ˡ
ŲãŻеЭҲ뿪ˣ澺֮ѧԺ˵ˡ

ʦ
֮󣬹ҲѧԺһǧʮöСǧһǧٶʮö
Ա߲ţҲǵһ
ǧҲˣȻһǧٶöСǧռСǧķ֮һˡ
һöСǧһλ۾ͻƵླ磬ѧԺҲô
ΪοǹȻûʧǧԼʹáСǧǲҪϽɸѧԺĻÿһöԻȡ㡣
˶۾һ
㲻ˣϾѧԺͼΪ󣬲ûá
һöĻÿ˶ܻȡ㡣
ʮöСǧǼֵǧٹѫ㡣ټѧ㣬һõܶҪﵽʮ㡣
ʮ㡭
ԼҲ㵽֣һҲҲһο԰Լ츳漶
漶츳ԺĳɾҲ
ĿǰѧԺ˺нϣɣ޵ڶѧӵ츳
ѧҲǸ㣬ÿЩ顣
ЦѧԺҪЩСǧһȥô㣬ʵҲЩѧɳ
Ǳߣ¿Լɪķ˸
ǵ緽ʽ뿪Ǻ׽˲١
̡Эȴ뿪ˡ
Ǵ˴涪Ȼ˳Ц
Ҳȥɡ
룺Сȣأ
Сȳ˼һ£ȴǲԸôͻ޹˿͵ͳ˧ǾͽˣҴȻһѧԺ
㿴ССڣҾܾʥŮģһ˰ͻġ
Сȵ˵ͷ۴ŽԼһѧ뿪ˣֻһ±Ƶ㡣
ô˳·Ҳһ°ε̯̯֡
˶뿪֮󣬱޲ռȻ˾ҵĿռ籩
һþ޴˺ѿռ䣬һͨӵĳ硣
쾳
飡
ڿռ֮𣬶ΧһȺ쾳顣


1842 츳
齵ٵıȫ¶˳һһľ޴ľ֦ɱҪϸϵ̴һ飬ÿһ붼һ˸Ű׹硣ЩϵԼ֦ϵҶȫݻˣƤҲѿʼ䡣
ı壬Ѿκε
Ӱ֮˳һھ壬żĶ䣬̵ͦǣһɫװͷǰˣǾʱһѩɫѩһ
СܿΪ˲ٵԴ飬Ҳڶ׼ͼ롣ʶѾʼѣȻ˵һУѾܸ֪
˵ţ쾳֮ǿûСϧ
֮˼ʮ֮꣬ͬ˲࣬Ͼġǰ彮򣬿ͬһЩǷˡԼһҲͦãԼˣѡӭ
Ҳһÿ˶Ų
˵ͷԼʶ֮󣬲һ
൱С˵еĻľˣûеԼʶ֮ǰҲͺͨľһ
ʶ꣬ûĻľ㲻һǻ
鿪ʼԼ壬Ҫеע뵽С֮С
ܸоСĻȸԾСһƺѾȲ
úô
˵꣬ȫ۳һСС֦Ҷ˿̶ǰڶëһȫ򿪿ʼÿһ֣׳һ֣ʵܳһ죬һµʱɵġ

ѧԺ֮С
ʹ˴γȥѧȫˣǻ֮ǰǶһǧٶöСǧʮöǧ䣬ѧԺϢʹѧԺ
ջĴ󣬳ɼȻѧȻĽ
ѧԺÿ춼ѧԺֵĵط֮һѧȡѧһԴѧһЩ۸ѧԺ
ĿǰСѧввѧһÿһλѧԺʦ
İһЩܻˣǱĽͳһ֮ΪСɣΪѧṩ
ǻ֮ĵ죬˾Լ
12СΪͬѧȷҪʮöСǧȫһΪôһŹװͯӿ۾Դɨ蹦ܣĺĿѧԺԿնˣӶһϵеĽףһеĹԱһ
ǵġͷ
õģĿǰÿһöСǧ۸㣬һԻǧ㡣˵ţСһӶʮöСǮʧˡⲻǱСÿ̨д͹ܣЩСǧ͵ѧԺʲֿ⣬ѧԺԴһڡ
ʱѧԺϵͳ鿴һԼ㣬ʮһǧ㡣
СɣҼһ츳ƬĻһ۸Ƕ٣ѯʵλԼ츳һ¡ʵ֮У츳ıﶼǷëǣȻѧԺоҲ츳ͨ졢ĵرȷʽӣֱʹ츳ƬĻǲ̫Զ
츳Ƭ츳ûκα׶˵ģһʹЧ
츳ƬޣѧԺ츳ƬĶһҲԽԽϸĿǰһ츳ƬǴѧѧ
⣬һ۸ҲŶһҪ㶼ˡ
Сɲѯһº̨ڵ֮ǰѾһʮ˿츳Ƭ츳ƬĶһ۸һһǧһ飬߿鵽ʮǧһ飬ʮʮǧһ飬ʮʮ˿һһ飬ʮŵʮһһ飬ʮʮĿһ顣һĻʮ鵽ʮʮһ飬ʮߵʮ˿Ƕʮһ飬ʮſʮһ飬ʮһһ飬ʮһһǧһ飬ÿѧҲܶһʮһ츳Ƭ
۸̲סЩס
֮ǰһʮ˿ʱ򣬼۸Ҳһһţ˭֪˺۸ôࡣ
ʮһ龹Ȼﵽһǧһ飬һʮ˿۸һǧҲûܶһʮһ츳Ƭ
ʮһ顭ʹʮһ츳ƬĻһûκ츳ͨˣܰ츳漶ˣֲÿҲܶһʮһ츳Ƭţʮһǧ㣬ʵҲһ˼츳ƬһӰ츳漶ǲˡ
ʱҲˣԼЩ̫뵱Ȼ
漶츳֮жǷëǣӵ漶츳ˣ򼸰ˡһԼԼ츳漶ô׵顣漶츳ô״ﵽ漶츳ôˡ
񣬻ûһô
һѧԺ
νȥȻͱ̭ˣҵöСǧΪָһöǧƶĶٲߣҪȥһǧСǶڴѧѧ˵һǧҲСĿ֮ǰͻһЩ㣬Ȼ֧
ˡ
˵ţȴǷԼˡ
˿ȻͬѧתˣǴ˴ΰչ״Ҳ㣬ǧ㡣
ԣʹﵽʮǧ㡣
ʱͷ˿Сɣҵȫһ츳ƬܶһͶһ顣
ȻһӾӵ漶츳볯Ŀ꿿
Щü㣬Сɾѿڵһʮšʮʮһ츳Ƭÿһ㣬㣬һڶʮʮ츳Ƭÿһ㣬ʮ㡣ƻʮ㣬һ츳Ƭʣǧ㡣
˵ͷת뿪˹̨
Щ츳Ƭһ֮͵סҪھȡ

סѧǿʼչͻƵʱҲյԼ츳Ƭ
֪Լʹ츳Ƭ츳Ȼֻ򼶡
һ£ΪԼ츳Ǽʹõ츳ƬֻҪʮ츳ƬӦþͿ԰Լ츳漶Ļ߿츳ƬֻǶһ߿츳ƬҪѵȴǸߴһʮ֮ࡣ
̫ѻˣ綼δܹô㣬ҵ㻹ôܲܶһ츳ƬɡţǶһ츳Ƭһһһʮ㣬Ҳ̫ˡ
˼ãԼҪתһ²ˡ
츳Ƭ۸߰Ǵ;Լ츳Ӧÿʡ츳Ƭ


1843 ܶȣѧ꼶
ȥѧԺʦŮ洡
ŮоĿ츳ıӰ졯ѧԺо츳ɫһλʦؼŮ洵оָģҲǵĲ롣
ĵŮ洺⡣
ŮʦһЩ⣬֪ûдŵŮ洣һЩϣЩ϶ǹ츳оģһݡѪ츳Ĺϵо
ʱ򣬼λѧҲ
ЩѧŮ洵оְһЩʵĹǶĵ˵ͷ
ϾĴǶ֪ġ
Ů洿˿񣬵˵ͷû⣬ҵİ칫˵ɡ
Ů洳ȥھŮ洵İ칫ҡһȽִİ칫ңӳľһܣ飬ŮڷϣоȣҲŮоһЩԼһЩѧԺʦǵоɹϡ
һ츳Ƭ
Ů洿˿񣬲ش͵֮࣬츳ƬҲֻ츳õһ츳ʱ䣬ﵽ漶Ϊ飬԰ɣ
ͷŮԼӷʥʦΪ֮⣬Դ֮в׽Ϣһֶδʦ߱ģĿǰѧ֮ĭĽҦܡһɡФʵһЩĭڴļӳ֮£ƵķŴȥѾԳ
Ůʱ˵ʵо츳ƬһĶҪ˵츳ƬʲôҲֻԺ֪ҵо츳Ƭ˵츳ʵܶȡ
ܶȣ
ˣ˵⡣
ֻ˵˺֮ܶȵģû뵽˺֮Ҳܶȵġ
Ůݸǲͦ⣬Ժ˵һޡԺΪҲһǶǼϵϸʵǳųġǵ츳ԽߣʵǵųԽ͡츳ڽǵų⡣
ų⣿
ܶȣ
ˣǰֻ֪Ȼ˿֪Ȼĸоԭ츳ô£һҲͺýˡΪʲô츳õ죬Ϊ츳õˣųͣܶȸߣõȨ޸Ȼ͸졣
˵ˣǰˢܶȵһ̡
֮࣬ѧԺоԽԽԺЩоӦҲΪճ
Ůʱع鵽⣺һ츳ƬܰԼ츳漶ʱѾûиȥһ츳ƬԾӱԼ츳룬Ӧҵԭɣ
û뵽Ůµˣֻõͷûиȥһ츳ƬҪԼ츳漶Ҫ߿츳ƬȥһĻ츳ƬҪʮ㣬߿츳ƬҪһ㣬ôҪȥյĻ֪ܴչ
Ůסԭ뵽˴ȥ츳ֻǵġ

˵ĵȷ
Ҫ㹻㣬ֱӾͰʣµ߿츳Ƭȫһˡ
ŮһЦҲãȱʵ󣬿ʵ顣һ£ҵ㶫
˵ţŮϷ
ܿһЩϳУЩϾȻǹڡŽص䡷Լʥķо
񲻾۾һ֪Ź츳ģеġŽص䡷һֱھŽ٣˵԰Լ츳򼶣ʥķһֱȥҲӵϵ츳ΪѧԺֹ˵꼶ѧȥһ츳ƬԲٵѧΪԼ츳Ѿʼֹ
ǡŽص䡷԰Լ츳򼶣Ѿѧѡ
˼һ£ڵ֮ǰûֿ츳ĹҶӵ򼶵츳ʱʼֹĻĻЧô
ϾǡŽص䡷ھŽ٣ҲͲܴﵽڵ츳ˮƽ
ŮʱЦЦôûЧҵо츳Ѿﵽ漶ȻֹЧġֻ츳ԽߵˣЧҲԽ͡ñڵѾӵ˸ߵȼ츳ٰѡŽص䡷۷壬ЧҲ൱ʹ鵽Ŀ츳Ƭ̶ٰѡʥķ۷壬Чٽֵֻͣܵʹһ츳ƬЧ
񰵰Ҳ˵ڰѡŽص䡷͡ʥķ۷壬Եֵĵ츳ƬҲͲҪһ߿츳ƬҲֻҪٶһͿˡ
ֻһĻҪѵ㻹ĳܷΧ֮ڡ
ֻʱʣŮʦȻ˵ĻʼʱȲʹ츳ƬŽص䡷Լ츳򼶣Ȼٶһ츳Ƭ츳ǲҲܰԼ츳漶Ϊ츳ƬһԽ࣬۸ԽߣҶһ츳ƬĿ࣬ܽʡһ㡣
⻰ŮЦģ˿һ㣬Ǿ򼶵츳Žص䡷Ǽ츳ȥŽص䡷һôĻ׾ţһǧڲھŽ٣Ǽ츳ȥ˵ܲţˣοǿ޷壬ҪܰŹھŽ١
ʱȻԼ̫ˡ
ֹôŮ洿񣬡ǴĻϣܰԼ֮еĸܼ¼ΪоĲοϾڣȻֹѧҲǧˣ֮лûһ츳ġ
˵ͷӦúоֵ

ȥһŽص䡷͡ʥķ
СŽص䡷ȫһĻҪ㣬ֻһǰٵģֻһ㣬ȻǡʥķҲֻȶһ˵һģͬһ㡣Ҳֻʣǧ㣬ֻȥ㣬Ѿʣ࣬Ҳ뵽״̬ʼ
󣬵һͻƵԲ񾳽ѧˡ
ǱˣҦܡ
ʹһöǧ֮Ҧһ·ͻƺϰľͻ˾硣
ѧԺ֮УҦһɳ죬죬ΪѧԺһλԪѧһλѧ꼶ѧ
һǴѧһ꼶ѧ
ļĻԪɣԽѧ꼶һѧһ١
ѧѧҦܵǸвѧˣСѧͳвѧҲյϢѧܹ衣
ģСӡ
֮࣬˻ֵѧԺƶȣŽٵһ¡
Աߵ˪󣬿Цá
ѧԺѧӣҲԺ߳ġ


1844 
ѧԺ֮ʢѧԺµɺӼҲչѸ١
ɺӼŵѾ˺սĺɺӼżʱ˪ȴ˾ӵĻȻڵɺӼŻڹҵѾλȥʵҲǵҪǿֻҪѧԺ㹻ǿĻɺӼȻԳʢ˥ѧԺһûˣɺӼȻҲ˥䡣
һеĹؼѧԺѧԺǿɺӼǿѧԺǿǿѧԺǿǿ
˪żǿ츳ҪԸ˵Ϊ
һɺӼŵҪԣʵԶûһҪԴ󣬶˪ǱΪġ
˵ţ⣬ֱӿֱ˰棬Ӱ֮вϵؼȡȫͬģ˵ȫ෴ֶԼܶõİҲյǽȻ෴ġ⣬漰ռ䣬㲻Ҫռ䷨ΪǿռĴߣԺܳԽռ䣬ʱ䡣
棬λ棬һ棬һ
˪ĲһȷǷ򣬶һǴ汾ԴĶ
ھ֪ģûʲôĲݰҲֻһЩƷñȷ˪ǳȥԺƿ棬Ϊ氵λףô㲻Ҳˣʱ˪Ҫɵ֡
Ǹ˪µĿҲˡ
˪˵ͷֻһֻĴԳһ涴涴һһž޴ĺǣһһӵ˵򡣴˿ֻҪһǣǿźǴԽ涴ٵǿ˵棬˵ͻ˲ڻ˵Ҳһʱȫȥ
ƿصʱԼЩ
ⲻǿռ䷨ǲݰһ
涴ֻǰһֱѡ

ҦͻƵԪɾ磬൱Բ񾳽磬ȻҲ˲˵ףء
ҦԼҲܵ⣬ڳ񣬳˺󣬳ΪѧԺһͻƵԪɾѧԺ¼ѧԺУʷ֮Уʱȥ꣬ᵽ˭ͻƵĻԪɾ磬˭ǵһѧ꼶ѧֶᱻ˵һԶɫҫ
ʱһ
ѧԺѧһ꼶ѧҦܵһͻƵԪɾ磬ΪѧԺһλѧ꼶ѧؽ㣬ʾ

仰飬ѧԺ˶ˡ
ҦҲǼĪ㵹ˣֹıǶϿɡ
һ̣ӽˡ

ʱȥҦͻƵԪɾʮ֮ʹǧѧҲ׷ͻƵԪɾ硣
󡢻졢֮ƾ㡢ơ顢һɡФĺݡ׳ڤѩ⡣
һʱ䣬ѧԺԪɾѧﵽʮλ
Ҧܻûи˼꣬žôѧͻƵԪɾ磬Ҳﰡ
ѧԺһ羰С
ҦܣȻһͻƵ˻Ԫɾ硣󵭵Ҷʹõǧ㲻ٶȿһѣڵ㻹õѧԺĽǾʲôûУǡ
ҦЩôŬͻƾ磬ôͱá
ѧҦܣƺҲͬС
ûʹǧҲ֪ôˡ˵һˡŽص䡷͡ʥķǴֿ츳ĹԼ츳һ룬ѧԺ֮УȻҲ򼶵츳Ȼͬ츳ǺкܴĲࡣ
⻰˶Ǳһˮ
ǻûͻƵԪɾ磬񲢲ʲôѵ顣ͻ磬ֻҪ죬Ǽӵʱ䡣ûмͻƣǰ˼ŵԼ츳棬ȻȰǸһ
Ƴ˼һ£ΪֹѾʹ˶ʮ츳ƬֻҪʹ߿츳Ƭ츳ͻﵽļޣҲ漶Ҳʹʮ츳Ƭ츳ѾԶԶ˦
ʮ˿顣
ЩΣҲںϸ츳Ƭûô㡣
˶ǲ˵ˣҦҲһ
ƾ۾һ뵽ʲôȥŽص䡷͡ʥķһֹ츳Ȼ˵ĻҲȥ
˶۾һȻ
Ҫ֮츳ܹǿ϶Ҳԣеȴַˡ
ֹɲôģǡŽص䡷˵ѧԺĿǰŹģʮֻһ˿šҡҡͷˣھŽҲҪʱ䣬ǸԼ츳˵츳ΪؼĶֻҪϵϵ츳Ӧöǻ񾳽ġ
츳ǺҪûôҪ
츳һЩ֮أһЩ˿ֻǽ
Ҧû˵ʲô˼һµǾ˵Ĳԣ츳ֶܱûкá
ҲҲһ¡Žص䡷͡ʥķ

ʱ仺ȥת۾ǰ֮ˡ
쾳ڰԼȫע뵽С֮С
ʧĵطǿ׸ɿݣֱΪƮɢڿУг˸м
ְ֣
һö
һǰСѾ֮꣬쾳Ҳչ˴С
С֮иֳһɫ·ģС
ڷӦڽע֮Сѵʶ
ֻһְ֣Щɵۡ
ҿɲְ֡룬һʱ޷ƺСģ˭СӶûء
С˼˰죬۾һϹ
һ֪Сô뵽ƺС̳һּ䡣ǰһҪС˻һѻСˡ
룬㺰Ҹɡ
磿
С뵽ʲôĵ˵ͷ
ְ֣Ϲ磬Щ˵ĳƺҲмˡ
ɢ壬Ȼãٸ֣Ժһһӣͽ顣
飿ҵ֣
СĲѣֺ⣺иˣԼ֣ҽ飬һС
˵ţЦ
ʮ֮ĸ£ƾΪѧԺһλԪɾѧ
ͬʱĭ̽һ嫵ʧ硣


1845 ̽ʷ࣡
ĭӵǸͨ׼ʱ뵽һ硣
֮Ȼ˲ƣֱڲŸոջָһ˶ӰܴΪϵƣϵơҲֻǻָƣϵûĵرҲҪָܻ
һûʲôջҿɾͿˡ
ĭԳһȻͷ˿ĵط
ﾹȻһ۾ƵĿռ֮ţ۾ڲϵرպţڱպ֮һɿֲķ籩ҲЩ籩˽ˡĭоԼȽˣ׼˽ʱ䣬Բûܵ籩ֻǱ籩˶ѡȻǱ籩ֱӾͻҷ
ʱȲǳȥ飬ĭʼ̽硣
Զȥǻһ㣬⵽ƻطĿռ䶼бѹĺۼڿռ¾ۺϵһ飬Ϊռɵ˺ۼڡ
֮нֻ࣬Ҳȫ⵽ƻ
ĭֻʮ֮һСܴʲô˴磬ΪסѾоκε￴ûκˡ
ӰһĭһĽȥ
˵СҲʮڹ
ĭ䵽˽ſڣǰĶϱڲԫЩءֽ֪õʲôʯͷޱȣöױԴ޷ºۼױԴҲֻһӡ
ĭһ㣬㿪һ档
ĸϿ⣬ĶһЩ֪ʶѧҲϿ⡣
һĸϵͳѧԺĽġϵͳԶѧԺڲͨѶϵͳΪѧڲʹáС磬źȫϵǲˣϵͳϿʹãó
ϵͳͳһΪСɣҲһͯģѧԺܻСɼһģ
СɣɨһЩʲôϣĭָָЩĲϡ
õģˡСԴɨ蹦ܣɨ崫ϵͳͬʱƥϵͳϿ⣬϶
ֻСɨ׸ߵĴʯͷȻڰ֮󵯳һ档
˳
ʯǺͷ֮񾳽ǿ߶ԺǽǧѹۣӶγɵһּӲʯͷʯ߱κԣҲĺòϡ˳֮ǰʯһΪĲϣӹĽñǺеܲʯġԴ˳֮Ѿֹʹʯϡ
Сɻ˵ʱĭˡ
ֲûмֲϣԭֲϲȻγɵģǺΪġ
汾Դ֮ǰ֮һ඼ټûܶԺǽѹֲ֮ǲڵġ
Щ֮ĭȥ̲סǵ˴Ľٿźѹܽһһ˲õĴҲҪһſܣһ˳֮ǰڵ˳ˣ˵ѾǧԪˡ
Сɻû˳ʱص㣬ⶰõʯʮ̫ѹ
ĭһֱּǾˡ
뵽˽ڲĭطǸʲôˡ
һӣÿһӶǼޱȣʯҪ̣һ߾߶ʬǡеĶﶼмСеͷȻǽɫģе滹ˮأ˵ˮأʵҲҪȵϵĴ󺣴öࡣ
԰
ĭЦãоʮа˾Ǵ˼ĹԶ˼ⷽİá
ڴ˼֮ЩȻҲˡ
ߵĵʱĭǿһ䣬һǸ˾סķ
һƣžͿˡ
ֻһ豸豸Ҳͣˡ
Сɣܲһ豸洢ݡ
õġ
ʮֻ֮ǰһĻ
СɵӰ棺ˣΪȥʱ̫ˣ豸ܸ߶ˣҲѾʧ˰ٷ֮ʮŵžšѾƽʣٷ֮һݣ뿴
С˵ãĻϳݡ
ЩݾȻһӱţȻֽܣһβ𱪵ֺѾˡ
ĭܿͿеݣε˵Ƕ԰Ҳ˼ռôදְðɡ
ĭⶰ沢ûзʲôõĶЩӵŶŵģҲûҵԿסȻ涼һ߾Ѿһ紵ͻữΪɻҵʬǣҲûбҪȥ鿴
ĭ򵥵ĲһȻ뿪ˡ
ŵĵڶĭ֮˲ͬĳ
綼ޱȻģȴһЩɫ淢ֲ
ǰһ԰һ׼ȷ˵һֳ˲ֲͬ԰ԡ
ֻ԰̫ˣҲǸ˷Բڹ
ĭһȥʮʱŰ԰Կһ顣
ˣⶼ֪ȥˣټ΢󲿷ֲֵﶼѾˡǶ󲻸ߵֲûнֵĻ϶ҲѾߵͷ㿴ЩɫֲǾЩҪߣȻһ䵽棬ڵġ
СɸԼķҲֲϡ
ܴڵֲֵߣЩֵܸߵֲǶĻҪܸߣҲˡ
ĭһһĿЩŵֲС˵ĲЩ֮кֲͨеѾ淺ĿΪӲһˡ
Щأ
Щɫֲĭ԰ҵ˲ٵӡЩЩֲ֮ģΪ⣬ЩӲûзѿĭԵĸоЩӻĻܿܰЩֲ
Щֲﶼ˳֮ǰ֣Ҳֵܸߡ
Сʱ˹Ѽ9762343ŵӣЩ766565ġҵƥ䣬758889ӿ֮ҵʣ޷֮ҵģӦ֮еϡ֣Ѿ֮ʣЩӣܶܵͣпĿܶһ֡
⻰ĭ⡣
ЩܵڻӵһĻʵѾˡ
СİЩպãԺصѧԺ
ЩŵֲΪֵûжȻţǲŸˡ
˵
ĭԵĸоĲͬΪ￴ĲǱģһķӡ
Ǹ˾סĵطĭ²ӦǴ˼˵»˵ס޵ĵط
Ͼԣ֮ģ϶Ҫȥɵģܴܲ˼Լȥɣⲻݡ
ȥ֮ĭ֪ԼµĲ
аڹС汻ֳһľӴ
ҲصģľסѾݣΪһƬ棬ڷ֮»ܿһ߾߿ݹǡûݵĿ˵ֱ֮٣ֻкٵļ
ĭվһϣŽµĿݹǡ
ֻһǹͷͻΪ˷飬ֻһЩӲĽΣһöںɫĿռָ
ѿռָʶȥ滹ʲôȴǷĿռͱƻˣƷ϶Ҳͱٵˡ
ĭЩΣռֲָʱĸ࣬ҲǣһͨıԴҲҪϵղάס塣ôϡò䣬ҪͷųȥȻҲĸˡ
Դˣĭô⣬Ѿ׼
ʱµģ㼶һٸԪ֮Ҳĺͨջûʲô
ѰȥеĿݹǼһЩԿǰǿʬǣҲûʲôмֵĶ
ĭ뵽һ滹õס
֣Ϊ﷢һңһЩ֡
Сɣһ¡
ĭʶЩ֣֮еʵ̫ˣͨٻϰԡȻ֮нͨڲĻǸʹԼԡñڵĵȻõԡе˶ûѧϰͨͨѶз봫䡣
СɨԺ󣬻ˣ֮ԣһǧİٸԪ֮ǰͳˡ»ԳˣʵҲֻǻѪĴѪ֣дǣұȶһҪѡǹ߲㣬ΪĵӣҲҪˣһԳɹһ
ĭ̲סЦ湻ֱ׵ģӦȶļһԼĻ
ʵԼĵطһЩԼĻñ֪ƾϲôΪʲô֪ʵݿɸġƾдĲЩҪҪҪΪѧԺһˣġȫЩԼԼĻ
СɳĬһµʵһôֱסҪԿȱʧ֮һҸƲġ
ĭסû뵽СôܣСɣƤˡ
ͨЩĭǲ²⵽һЩ
ȶӦֻǴ˼˵ˣ˼˺ܾܿǸ֮Ϊˡ
Сɣһ֮ƺˣ
ĭ룬֮ҵ˼˵ѶϢ
СѰܿͳһǧЩǿҲһλ񣬶ҶԷš˼˵Ϣûб¼Ǽ֮СҪôǴ˼˺ܵ͵Ҫô̫ǿˣһЩѶϢû˸ἰñڵǼ֮УϢѾһֽˣװһλϢǼϣ˵֪
ĭһ£ںߡ
ȶңĭ˼ԴһӦĽױԴǵȴҲ˻ֻܿһıԴһˡǰԴȥҺָܻ꣬ǰļ
һĽĭûзõĶ
ſ˼ĽĭһЩջҵһЩּء
ʵ֮УҶ豸ϣʹּص˿˵֮١ǰЩּ˵ȤȻһ£дռһȴΪλġҲΪһռǣ̫˽ܣ˲ŻдֽϣȻ󱣴ڡȻҲõֽȽϺãҲɫء
ݾͲˣΪСɶ㲻һꡣ
ռϵһ꣬дһֵݣĸǱ˻ΪūʱΪ츳֣ⷢ󱻴֮ƼֻΪˣɲĵӡ
ˣᵽһ㣬ǾĵӲֻ࣬жʮˡ
Ȿµ˵֣Լ֣ȴǲδἰ
ȥĭֽһһٶʮ꣬г˼±˱չʱ䡣ϾչصĻûʲôü¼ġ˵Ļ±ʱʵﵽ˽ǧꡣᵽݣĭȽõϢܽһܹߵ㡣
һ㣬Ķʮӣʮ
ڶ㣬һλݷùڼ±Ϊʲô֪㣬Ϊι԰ʱֵص֮һ
㣬˼ֱ֮Ϊ۴磬Ҳ˳֮Ϊ硣
ĵ㣬±˵ɱһλ񣬿ɱ֮ƺˡ
㣬λ˵ãпԿδ
㣬Ĵӱɱ
ߵ㣬λĹ۵ƺһЩ㣣Ͽɣڱԡ
һ㣬ĭϸصݿʮ飬ʵдĺɢЩʲݡ
ջܲˣЩ˵ֻ֣һ֣Ҳ˵֪ҡҲ֪ΪʲôŭӦǺͽ֮սйءΪ汾Դ־ѱˣǱƺϿһЩǲϿɵġ
ĭüͷ汾Դ־ѱ䣿ʲô˼˵ڵ汾Դ־ػôλֹ۵㣬ԭġҲҲǴ˷类ԭ򡣡
ۺЩϢĭԿ϶һ㣬λӦһλ񣬶һλʵȽǿ񣬲Ȼܻɱ
⣬ƶϳһ㣬λӦñŲͬ˵̬ȡ
󣬼±дҸоΣ۴ƺʲôˡļλӲϵذңȻҲûķû˵ȥԮˣڻûл
дǽˡ
ĭ²ӦǾڲú󣬴˷ͱ˴ݻˣλ񣬿϶ҲѾȥ
ʰЩϣĭ̽
ԽԽˣźܶܣԼһЩΪ֪¡
ѧԺʷо֮У¼һ۵֮սֵⷽ棬һ±ƺӵ֤۵㡣


1846 ʱնԻ
ĵĶͬǰڹ﷽Բ
ĭȥ֮󣬿һ޴Բƽ̨ʮŸ֮ࡣһЩƽ̨ĲʣҼӲҪʯֲھ˼ǧԪ֮ƺʱ丯ʴĲôĽױԴ滮һҲֻһһĺۼۼƺԭ

ĭ뵽һȻǽʵģСɣɨһЩЩƽ̨Ĳʲô
Сƽ̨ĲϽɨ裬ܿ˽
ϩʯһ˹ϳɵĲϣǻе巢ֵһϡϩʯҪɷϩӣЩϩʮأֻҪӲҲܿپۺϡ⣬ϩʯޱȣһǲʹñԴƻϩʯսĿǰ֪澺أϩʯҪĽϡгλһϩʯһҡ
С˵֮ĭȻˡ
Ҳûȥ澺Ȼ϶һ۾ܿЩƽ̨Ĳʲô
ĭʱҲʲôõģ϶λԼĵսдĵطôĳأȫϩʯ죬ۻǸߵĿ£һ˸𡣲ĭԴ˲ûʲô뷨ҲûŰսظˣӶ׬һʣϾƾ
ƾ⣬϶۾ҪŹˡ
ĵ嶰ⶰҲʮڷԲĴСҲΪһƬ档ĭɢıԴԼһЩĲϣһЩ˵ҩƿӡĻмٵķྦྷ֮ģЩھ޾֮Ѿʧȥ˻ԣûô
ĭ²ӦƱĵطֻĶȫ˷ƷһЩǵȻʮڶѾˣʵ˿ϧ
嶰ԵĽ꣬ĭһĽҲǱһ
ⶰһǷԲڹǻƽһɫʽһŷŵ۾۾ĵǹڡԶԶĳȥһޱȵ֪ͨͨδءǹȥ޾ԪĭվȻܸܵһ˿˵ѹ
Ȼλס
ĭⶰ뵽֮ǰڣԼ˶ĳƺѾŲµĳƺš

һλ񣬶һܵ
ȻĭȻҪȥҲ뿴λסʲôġûʲôΣգոѾݹ滹Ǻܰȫġ
Ҫͨĭһ˽ȥ
һȥоԼǴԽʱգңԶĻĹŴһӾ͵˶ʮһһ㡣
Ļ˻Դת˹ʱԼ֪ʲôʱѾ˹ڲԼ߹ģҲ͹ġ
֮֮
ĭ濴ȥλͼ֪ⶰǰͺԼƫ
ڵλӦֻǰǰһ㶼˽Ӵ˵ĵطǰ濴˿ĭǰд˵ĵطҵһвҶ
ǲҶ
ҶںȣʵԪ֮ǰѾʼá
ĭΪвҶ϶ҲͻΪ˳Ǵ֮Щ⡣ΪвҶڲ˲һ󷨵ĶʹĿռҲµڣĲҶȻá
ĭЩЦãǱĶ棬ҲΪһѷƷˡ
Ҳֻôˣ˵Ǳⱻٵʲô涼ûá
ĭһ£ĲҶһ࣬ҲǺò֮ˣǿԻȥƷ
ĭ˴λλĺݣֱӰλҲұˡλһڻĭϸ˿滭һ۾ӣ۾һ޶üĴȴһɫۣ뻪Ĵ˵еĶ񼸺һģһ
ͷڣһۣ˵
ڻ֮е۴򿪣۾֮һƬ嫵ʱգޱ޼ʣĶһ֮¡
ĭ֮࣬ڻָշȥڻȻΪ˳
ĭ˺ף̲ס̾һǰʧȥӳֵıڻҲһһֲô಻벻಻㳤棬綼֮ΪླҪǶ׷󡣡
̣ܶѵͳˣ
ĭӴȥ˵һƫһŮ˵סҲأĶҲǶġ
ƫλ棬ĭһʬǡ
޾ԪĽҲҪµľһ߰׹ǡĭʬǣİ裬²ŮӦŮˡ
˼һ£ĭŮ˵ʬúðᡣ
ЩʬǣĭҲȥʱˣϾ˻ǽΪġ
ڵڶƫĭ˵ڶŮ˵ʬǣӦĵڶŮˡǵƫҲһŮ˵ʬǡ
ƫŮˣ߰׹ǡ
ĭȻǶӦĵط
ԥһ£ĭ˹ȥʬô
ſڣվʨܣĭϸȥʱȴǸǵܣѾȥʨӡӦѽ٣ĳλǿɱ˷ʱͻȻȥ󱣳һӣֱ졣
ĭ֮Žȥ͵˺
֮Уĭһ;ˣ˵ǺȻһ޴Ĳݡ
һŵֱ쵽֮ǰŵ鼮֪ж٣ڱֹܶҲ⵽ƻһ鼮ˣ֪ʲôˣǱٵˣֻ˿տյܡ
ĭʱҲע⵽˺һ֣ͨдģȴǺڵͨˡ
Сʱ˼ǡ˭֪ʶ˭һС
ĭһⲻǵೣ˵ġ֪ʶôû뵽ȻҲ֪
ȻܿЩ鼮Щ鼮ԲŷںߣҲĵط
źߣĭ֪˶Զһһݣ֮ϣԽ鼮Խ٣Խ鼮ҲԽ
һֱ˰֮ĭͷȥͿڡ
Ȼյ㣬ǰȥŰ֮ĭڿյ㡣
һ鰸޴鰸а׳
˿̵鰸տҲ
ĭ鰸ǰȻѾˣϡܿһ鰸ǰжЩ鼮ӡ
һӣеĳʧȻĭŵλȥ
ʶĭһǧ֪ʶ֮еĸо
ɾʱǰ鰸ҫ۵İ׹⣬һԽʱյס
ĭ̿ޱȣδ֪ܵĸо˺£׹֡ʱȴԼãʶݲԼ壬ǹѹһ
˭
ֻʵɾʱԼʶȻһƬ羵ĵط
Ž¿ȥֲǾӣԼ澹ȻһһƬޱ峺ޱȾ׵ĺ
˭Ҵģǲ㣿
ĭޱͻı仯òĽѾˡ
ʱǰƽľһͷڵӡ

㣬㻹ţ
ĭȻѾ²ţǴ˿ĳˣ̲סһ
ĭ΢΢üͷţѾˡҲԣˣǰµһʶᱻһǧԪ֮ˣʱӵʱΣŻ˴ҵʶ
ĭһ˼ˣֻǿӵǧԪ֮飬ôġ
ƺҲ֮δǧԪ֮δҲ̫˰ɡ
ǵģŵʱ˻ûг˳ǧԪˡĭصǺоη֮ĵģϾλһλǿ
ˣĮһЦЩһĳôһȺ汾Դ־Ĺ֪Ѳ汾ԴʶԾͳ֯ά汾Դ־ϣõ汾Դ־Ĵ
ĭ̲סЩ棺֮ǰһλ˵ļ±濴һЩ˵Ϊ汾Դѱˣʲô˼˵Ļûйϵ
Цһûйϵ֪ôߣǾ汾ԴġҾݵЩŻ˵汾ԴѱˡϾ汾Դ浮ģӦô־ȴ֣̲棬ֻΪ׳ѾȫǵǶøṩ㹻̵棬˵ǲѱˣ
ĭ˳˼
汾ԴһֱЩģΪⷽݡ˵汾Դ־ǵۡѱ䣬ǵ˲ͻ췭ظ
ֻĭȴǸӲˣ汾Դ־ѱ䣿ⲻܰɡΪ汾Դ־ػ棬汾Դ־Ѿڱˡǰ̲棬ΪʲôԸҲô
汾Դˣ
ȻüͷЩŵɫƺ֮Уǲܷ顣
Ĺ۵㣬˿̳ص©
汾ԴôǿΪʲô֪ˣһЩģǻٵ汾ԴĻû汾ԴǾˡ
˵ţЩ񲡣
ĭ֮Խӵɻ󣺡Щ˭
ߣһȺ˽ļһЦҲ쵽ǵˣϾҲͻһԪǻôãĸã汾Դǻôã汾Դǵĵˣ֮·ϰ

ޣ
ĭᣬʲôޣҲֻһԪƺץĹؼ
Ҳ汾ԴĲֵµġ
ôˣ
ƺָʱʵ
ܱһʶסģӦȽϹĵĶ
ĭû壬ʱСһ¡
ʷϼأǧԪ֮ǰ峹ʧӣȫ屻𡣡
Сɸ˴𰸣ֻ֮ʶȻͱޱ
һʶʶǿĭֻоԼѹȵĸ
ǣһǣɱңȫ壬ֱ̫Ҫ𣬱𣡡ŭתĭСŮޣϵôһ죬ԲһʶΪľǵȵ˹ʱԸδˣͽ˵¸ԣԲסˣұռ壬Ȼ뿪
᣿ĭʱɫ䣬ôҲû뵽һʶΪٴθ
ĭȻģ뷴һʶǰʶֱ̫Сˡ
˲ͱƿأǰıһƬڰ
αأ
ɾڴʱһ̾Ϣƽľֳ֮һӰǡ
ĭǰĺڰҲת˲ɢ


1847 ۣ֪ʶ⣡
ǰǣĭޱȡ
֪ôģȻʵ֪ġ
Ժ
ĭǹؾصĳһûͻȻˡ
΢΢һЦҵıѧԺֻżȻӦΣգԾ͹ǲǺܺģʵλʶռ䣬һúʵĵطҲֻܺ㽻
ѧǩĶ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬൱ǵӡѧԺĭʶ뵽ʶռʱǾͲˣȻѭ׾ҵⷽ硣
ȻܿͶϤһУȥ֡
˭
ͻȻֵǣ̲ס衣
һɽʶռĴڣֻһʶҲ˵Է򵥡
΢΢һЦҽǣѧԺԺ˵СŮ޾ѧԺѧĭԺΪ㻹ҪǿĴڡˣһȰеģĭŮģȻתԱҲʲô£㲻ܱŤô˵Щȥȥˣ鲢ô򵥣Ϊôҿδء
üͷʲô˼
ЩԻˣƺ֪һЩ֪Ķ
ʱĮҲ˵һ㣬ҿԿ϶ĸ㣬汾Դûѱ䣬ʼնػ档˵ݻ汾ԴҲųֿܡǸʱһӽ񾳽磬ұΪ֮ߵ˾ȻȻ淨ԴѱĹ۵㣬Ӱж󣿲˵ֱӵ涯ҲΪ۵ʹ˴Ҷ汾Դų汾Դ汾Դ־̲ʱ·磬űûɱӡ˵ǧˣ㱻ɱҲͲˡ
汾Դ־Դûŷ汾Դ־ֱɢ֪汾ԴѱӰж󣬲汾Դ־ͱһ
ɫȻ䣺˵ʲôǧˣ
ʵڲţȻΪԼۣ˺ɱӡ
һ˲䣬ͻȻԼʲô֪ԼΪҲֻһЦѡ
Ǻߵ˵أ㻹븴㸴˳ȥʲôȥɵĺ£
ĬˣЩɢ
һԭµģѴ̡
Ц˵븴ǲܵ顣Ȼûң汾Դ־ֻҪûгױҲ㸴ġ뷨븴Ϊ屨ʵ廹ûб壬㻹˴ģֻǲһ磬ѾױһҲ˵㵼µġΪ飬ΣŲò
ԽӻɢѾǵĻ
ǿӦò˵ѡ
˵ģ
ǣѾȫ֮ǰϡ
Ͼ֮ǰǱ˶ԲǱ˵Ĵһе䵽ϣĴ֪
飬һƭ㡣
˵ţһӣֻǰһ棬ڻ֮гʮλˡ
̲סһ
˻žͺãžͺá૵
ڻִ⸴ôѯʣڤ粻飬ĴҪˡ
һжҵĴһʲôţһǷϣ˵˾͸óȥҲҲûиıҪˡСŮ޶Բ𣬸ոŵˡ
ĭ̯̯֣ҲΡ
ʱ뵽ʲôĭոԺһʵ˵ĲԺܿܳΪҸǿĴڣϸ۲һ£ķҵĺƣҲˡ㱻͵Ϊ˼̳ҵδյ
δյ
΢΢һЦõûδյһרδĴͨ
ĭҲǾϲޱȣҲȴĻԵˡ
ʱûֱӴЩ֣صҿ԰ҵδյи㣬ϣܴӦһǾԺҪӻ塣
ĭĬˣûиӦΪһӦԺǲжΡ
ǣǵ˼
ʱЦôѹĴУȻҪеӦΣ֮ĪˡǿĻȷһܺõĻᡣ
ĭˣǻϣѧϰδյġ
ãҴӦˡ
ĭӦǽһ׮
Цˣִȥ˿ҲֻѧϰҵδյǾͱҪ̳ҵ֪ʶ⣬ΪδյĹؼ֪ʶԤϵԼܻʱѾԼ֪ʶ޾֮УֻΪŸһ졣ڣҾٻ֪ʶ⣬ں
˵ţֻһӡȻֻռ֮һصĲ˳ȥ
͸һĿռ䣬һصĵطǸصĵطƮһöŵ۾˿ǽյĳۺȻˣȻֱӴ͸ʱգһӾʶռ䡣
һֻ۾
ĭѵ˵֪ʶ⡣
ǵ²⣬Բô⡣
˵ͷ˵֪ʶһֻ۾Ҳĸʵ˶Ϊ泤ֻ۾ʵϲΪǵֻ۾ʵڵģġֻ۾ҲΪʲôսĸһ԰֣ǿ󴦣ҵһδ۾һʼô۾Ψһ취Ǿ֪ʶ
ĭˡ
ֲ۾ֽ֪ʶ⣬ʵ治ںδյ޾֪ʶ
ں۾Ҳ൱ڵõ֪ʶһ֪ʶ
л
ĭǸмԵʵ̫ˡ
ҵĳŵͺã۾Ұ֪ʶ뵽֮С˵ţʶʵۿѾҪɢˡ
ĭ֪֮ĭ۾
ǰѾˣֻһЦӯӯĿôջ񲻴ɣ
ĭ˵ͷǵģ֪ʶĺܾˣǾһ̨һеһж뵽֪ʶ㣬ȻóѵĴ𰸡Ҳֻǻ֪ʶԿף̳֪ʶ⣬ʵҪе֪ʶ¹һС
֪ʶǿĸԡ
ǲһЦôһʣµ
ĭһһ£ɫͱˡ


1848 ȫԺʦ
ˣȫˡ
ͱˣ˵Ĳһ硣
Ҳ˵ƭոȡĻǼٵģǸڵġ
ĭ˿̶֪˵ʲôˣԺôģոҿȡĻ棬ҲоĳطĻ˴
ȻֻһʶոտȡĻ棬ʵѾ֪ʶΪġȻеִǲܵ顣ֻ֪ʶô֪ʶⶼݵǧԪ֮ôһж̫˼
ǲһЦȡĻ沢ǼٵģȷʵڵġǲڿռϣʱϡʵϣЩǧԪ֮ǰһֻԼûע⡣֪ʶֻǳǼ٣ȴֲȥδȻͱҸƭˡ
⻰ĭˡ
֪ʶֻж٣ȴжϲʱ䣬˵
ʱ֮ôҲ㣬Ҫ֪ʶ⡣֪ʶȷӵޱǿļԼȥδ֣֪ʶⲢƾռ㣬ҪһϵеĻ֧ţԽ࣬ĽҲԽ׼ȷȻΪҪһǱ֤ݵʵԣȻԴݴ㣬ȻͻõĴ𰸡Ͼǽܹģʽĵʵ࣬Ҳ˵ˡ϶汾Դѱ䣬δؾͲǵõ˴ݣһҪء˴ȫԻ֤ǿԹ󡣡
˵ЩأҲ˷֪ʶȱݣӶɹֻ֪
ĭ֪֮ǰ˵ֻǲ²⣬Ϊľ߽ʶ
ֻĭЩΣоȡĴһ
ƺ֪ĭ룬ЦЦ㲻Ҫô࣬ȷﲻ⣬֪ʶģ봫ȥ˵ͲܸһǻԹ𣬲ߵɡ
ĭҲǣˣ֪ʶ涼һʲƸȥôʧ泤֮С̳֪ʶ⣬ҲǰˣԺ˵쳹档
ˣԼú˵ţǿ˿磬ʵʶɢʱ˾Ѿصʵռ䣬ﻹ㲻ȫľ԰ﻹøһΪԼ֮еһй
ĭ˵ͷʵҲͦϲģ϶ҪѲٵ
ڱ£ȴǺܼ򵥡
ǳĸʣܴսʿʯͲྦྷ֮ĸȡ֮֮ߣﲻҪ̫򵥡
Ѿռ俪һţֱӵȥȥʱȥ
֪ˣллԺ
ĭ˵ʱѾ뿪ˣûеѻ˵ꡣ
ĳ
ղŸʲô˪ǣЩ֪ոǵʶռ䣬йһ
Ŷû£Щˡ˵ſ˿Զˮ棬ץһͣףҵĸƯءƯˣţ㣬ϴˣпڸˡ
˪ݸ̲סЦ

һ
һʱ䲻ǵָһӼ䣬һ棬ⶼûʲô鷢
սҲΪռ˾ԵƣƽѾ׷֡˧ҲѾʼÿһʱͻصѧԺڿΡֵһ˵ģһЩϻǽݸǵģȻԻ϶ô˳ЩϣҲǴӾʷϿ֮в鵽ģϾ˵ϿⱣʷϡ
սս²࣬սʿûţǶƴѧϰ󷨡
սҲΪ󷨵ĳ֣״ӣҲ֮ĴվȥѾõԽԽϿɣѾҪγһŶѧƵơ
⣬ѧԺɵûмУȻŰơ
ɵѧϰ֮⣬ҪѧϰĶкܶࡣ
ѧԺɵע˴ѪɵΪһ֧ɨľӡɵսʿҲоˣʱҲ֪󣬱ץסѵõĻᡣ
ѧԺ֮Уһ
Լİ칫֮УŹʮλʦǰѧԺķչһʱڣкܶƻ뷨ʵʩҲʵʩˣѧԺѧѧһǧˣввСѧһǳʮˣҾǿԱһˣѧԺһѧԺҿ֮ʽٿһȫԺʦᡣ
⻰ʮλʦЩ⡣
ȫԺʦ᣿
ҪдǸû뵽ټǹ֪ͨ顣
õģԺ
ӦȻҲЩ⣬ȴҲ֪֮е顣
ʦҲ׷׿ڣʵҲϣٿһĴᣬΪѧѧ˵Ժˣ֪ѧԺʦЩ
ʱͶʮľһţǰʱǻĸѧУѧڣѡʱǺġǻȥ֮͸Է֪ͨЭø꼶֤ѧǶμӴᡣһεȫԺʦᣬҲһЩ飬⽫ϵÿѧʦԺ档ǳ˼һµ
ʦԴ˸Ӳиˡ
ܿѧԺҪٿȫԺʦϢʹˣѧԺյϢѧǼҵȫԺʦᣬѧȻǺڴģ֪һεȫԺʦһЩ飬ǿܶ棬ǻ衣
ѧԺǵס
˪Ц㵽ôģҿѧԺѧǶҪˣǵ꼶ѧƺ͵ȴһðΪ硣
ЩЦãͨһδΪ磬ʲôء
ʲôʱô򵥵ˣЩ꼶ѧǳţ»
εֻһЩ뷨ǰѧԺȫСѧввѧһһò˶껹һ⣬ǾǴѧҵ⡣ԳھƻȶҾҸᣬЩһ˵ˣӶѧиסģһЩѧԺչĴ㣬ԼҶѧԺĶλδѧԺķչķʲôģҲһϸĲ
ЩҪǿѧǶãʦҲЩãƺ֪δҪʲôһ
ñԺһЩооʲôôоʵһͷˮ
ٿᣬʵҪǲЩѧԺѧʦһȷķѧԺԽһѧԺ


1849 ѧǷ
ʮʱ䣬ʵ
İ֪꣬ϢѧǶ˷ܣ꣬ǽƽۿȫԺʦٿٽѧ½ѧԺѧԺٴ
תۣѾȫԺʦٿǰ¡
ѧԺҪٿȫԺʦᣬʵ˶֪ˡ̡澺еЭЩʵҲڹעѧԺĶҪѧԺ֮ı̫ˣѾǹǡеĦѧԺٿ˴δᣬʲôЦѧԺôͬ⣬Ծȫؾˡ
⡣
һۿٵʻ˹ǷѧԺСȣһٶȥҲԲΪ
ʥŮǰǵˡΪСȵˣ֮ǰСȴ˵ʹʮλСȹһСȷѧԺȻҪȫ̸档
СȻ˻֣ȥǰ水յĹؽнǼǣȻǰ򡣡
ʵһٶǰǴ֮ҲعһѧԺȴǴҴææˣֻһ㶫ŮԼĸۡλһѾͻƵԲ񾳽磬ܳһʱ䣬ѧԺϾ˵ʥŮѧԺĴѧѧ
Ӧһȥհ졣
ȥĵط˵һЩȫֱӿȥȥԵǼǡѧԺĵ̣ڵ˸ߵһλ벽񣬴˿ҲҪġ
ʮ֮󣬲˰һУǱߵĽӿʼС
ͬʱСȻϢҲ˵פĽӣǱ۵ͣ׼
Сȵ뿪֮פ̫յһλû뵽ѧԺħŮҲˣҲǻμѧԺʦġһΪһǰѾһΣһοҪ޹޷ء
ĻԱߵһ±˵ħŮСҲѧԺһλѧô
⻰ЦˣϱҲЦ
Ȼ鲻ЦŵѧԺѧҲǱܵģ̫ᣬ֪Ҳ֡Ҿͺ˵˵֪ĹλħŮСȵСѧԺ¼Ͳ˵ˣ̫ˣҲ˵ֻ˵˵ݡһѧԺŮ˵ĸ糤֮һŮѧԺڶţ߳ϵŮѧŮ˵ĳԱΪҪעһŮ˵糤ְλΪֹǿõģֻи糤ڶСȺŵĴ¹ϵ˭˵˰ɡ
棡
±ѾһҪ֪ݵ棬һ¼ǱܵģȻ֪
ʱСȻ޹ʥŮ֪޹ʲôطôǿ˵ʥأ˵ʮλܳΪ޹ʥʥŮģһ涼һٿСȻʱǶǽۣ֪һʲô۸ô
ʲô۸񣿡
βֹЩ±һЩϱǺ˵ʵҲ֪㡣
ʱһָͷʵϸ˵Ӧ޼ۣҪȥļ۸ֻ˵һۣ㹻һôĽ򡣡
һΣ˶ɵˡ
ʱЩ㯵ǶûгɽûгԸ֪ж˵ھңԶĺս棬вڽսʱһսҪڵĲࡣɾѧԺӵоԵĻȨƺѧԺһλʦսĸˡ
˴˿̶ǵһ˵ʵǴ󲿷˲֪ѧԺںսϵĹϾսɽûʸμӵġλҲǵ;˵ģ˵Щ±ɵ𾪿֪Ҳ;˵ഫҲʹѧԺԽԽ

ĸǣ
ëСӢ󡢽Լ֮һطѧĵط
ëСʱһμǵĳ
ҽëСʮ꣬ҸӲߣҿˣѧУѡʱ̨ϣѧҡҵҲǳΪΪһȥ٣߱ڣֵ֡
ʱԼ̫ˡ
ʱҲԼǱǰƭѧԺģĺܸмǰƭѧԺȻڵԣûнѧԺӦûˡ
ʦнʮ꣬Ϊɶֻѧ书۸У۸һ±ˣǾ͸ˡ
߶ţ̲סЦƺֱǸһСк
ֻʱǨʱԼֻڻ֮С
ҽӢ󣬽ʮ꣬ҵǳΪһӾ棬ָȥĴӢ˵ſЦԼĿԸȥˣǷУǱ˶ǲʲôռ䷨շ򣬴ռ֣Լȥûκô
ҽ֮ʮ꣬ѧУѡ壬ҲʸѧУսġҵǳΪͣʮɱһˣǧﲻе֡˵һֱżŴѩǴĲѩѪ硣֮˵ţȻԼ͹ЦŴѩʦҲѧԺʦվûгΪһͣǰԼĳԶˡ
˵˶̲סЦ
һѧԺٿʦᣬѵõİȫۼҲͻƵ˽ɾ磬ǾԼﻳһ¹ȥʱ⡣
ҡëСԼӢȻҲѧһѧϧĶô̾һҲ֮㻹ȫŵѧǵ֣ȻͻƵɾ綼ܡǵҲľˣǶ֪ܻܲ쵽ѧ˳ҵ
֮Ĭʵ˾磬γǿ˵ѧ֡
ѧԺԶЩչˣչܲһֱȥ
վĻԼǺ
ǵ츳˵ܱǿɣܱȺƾǿɡƾѧʱǵ츳඼AأﻹƾѾѧԺѧǵǰУȴԭ̤һ
Ҳѧ֮ǾĿԱҵˡ

ѧǣҲľۼһ飬̸ȥδ
ĳ
˿̵ȻҲͻƵ˽ļﵽ˻Ԫɾ磬ͻʵ̫͵ˣû֪
ͻȻǰһˣǴ۴ĭ
ĭȻǽ޽ɵľ磬ǸĸоȴǺǰͬȻǴǱȥˡ
ĭݸ·ԭ


1850 
ԱߣҦܵ˶Ц
ǿɲ׼۸š
ߵΪ鷳ģ˲Щ
һ棺ʲôأҲ̫СĭˣҪ鷳ƳԿĻǡҲɵģƵġˣ֪һЩ˴ȫԺʦڲϢ͵ǹһ¡
Ŀģ֮࣬ŷġ
ĭȴһ㶼⣬ʵѾʹ֪ʶ㵽δǵһЩ㡣֪ڲϢδ֪Ķࡣ˾һ𣬷ĻϢΣҪĻǾһ𣬺úõһ¸Եо飬ǺѰ顣
ѧԺһ澹ȻѾ߰ʮˡ
ǹ˶վһʱЩ
ĭ磬ǻҪһĭӣ̫ͨˣǸŮ˶Աӡ֮⣬治ʲôţ֪ҦܿԷԷڤŶ澺ĴšѧҲ˷ţԷɾԷɾɧ͵ģҲԼһķšЦЦȤ
ɧԱߵĻһƾ˹ȥȴ־ͽлл쾴ƣǵĴҶЦ
ţĭû⣬ǲ˶˷ţʲôŵôĶİɡɾɾ㿿һ㣬ʲôڤʲôƺţѧԺ֮һմô
Цȷʵȡģ;İͳһʵѾͳһ֮ķˡôҶڣҾͺʹ˵˵ŵһƣߵмأŷΪֱˡɾĻͬһԽٵģԽǰԽԼʲôʵʲôķţԼһӸвһ꼶ѧҪţҲûܰôֻҪԼúС
⻰˶Ц
˹ƻҲҦܡһޱȵַţڵǲ˼ˡؼţȴûʵԺʵװᡣ
ţ̫гޡ
󿴵˶ĸȤķŻ־ٸϸ˵˵ո⼸˵ķô¡һҦܵţʵЩˣˣϾһƺż˵ԼУҪñ˻ô𡣿û취˼ȷģǵһͻƵԪɾĶ꼶ѧԴҾֻǨһˡҦܵķ֣ǽҲֻ˳Ҧˣͳһֽβľڤʵڤ¾
ʱҾͶˣҦҲ̲סЦһŻ֮ס
һţҲһżҦռ
ʱ˾ܣλǲ˼ҲԼһƺţ͸ԼɾһֵɾһɾˡĻвѧ˵Ҳ٣еѧԺ̳˺ž͹Լķţҿ㷭
⻰˻ķ
һֲһǧĴѧѧȻٶ˶˷š
ĭҲڷţƾʱ̲סЦս޲ʤƾ̫˼ˡȲ˵źϲʣĸֵǶˣԸһɾҲʲôĸֵ
ĿǰѧԺ֮ŵҲͼˣҶһַţֵĶûСƾʵʸɾֲģԾͺƤԼһֵš
ĸֵҲûë
ĭᵽԼƾһ㶼ӺʲôԺǿ϶ܳΪģھʹĸֵĿʼԺľͱ֣֣һ֡
ս޲ʤս޲սսĭ˵̲סЦǺãҵţɶʱܳΪһֵս޲ǿɾˡ
ƾ⻰ֱߣȰҲһȻʱ򣬺õĿ϶ˡʱֻܷ
û˵꣬ƾתˣû취ˡ
ΪǺܸߣǳĸʣһȺսʿյģѧԺûм˸ǵ
˵ţʱҲһ飬ѧԺ棬û
ôԼĭЦӯӯĿ񣬡ѧԺɶ˵ѧԺһˣ㲻˵ЩʲôɾţôЩʵĸоҿҪŴҶڣԼţԺִʱ򣬴ҲһһĺϾָյĶΡ
ԣһ
ſǻô
񣬿ˣҶء

һȺѧǶ˽̸˲ͱҰΧסˣһʱЦá
˵ʵûпǹŵ顣
λͬѧεŵ飬֮ǰҲţֵֻģҲûзϡһţóҪҺú룬ɶʱнˣ֪ͨҡ
˵꣬ΪһŹ˭֪淴
һʲôģ㻹ȥʲôóǴҶڣǸţҾôһȻѧԺѧڵ䲩
⻰˷׷֧ܸţԺԺúôһˡ
һʱȻԶԣֻǺ֡
ǱߣѾ˺ķǿ϶һֵģȻһ֣ҿͽ
ȿȣ
æҪŵģдǶģԾһ弶ķš
ʲôҦܺͻûԼţķҲúմߡҾѧԺһ֮֮ϣͽжĺһ˵
ֻĻû˵꣬˶ǹЦţǴ뱻ɡ
ĺƺҲʶʲôŵļæˡ
ҾòŶǲһ磬Ҫռ
ããⲻռˣֱ
ô



˵ͣʱĭʵʥ
һ˶û


1851 ׵
ʥƺû뵽ʵ˵һʱ뵽ˡ
Ͼ֮ǰͱ֮ΪʥգƺżĿˣǷ
Ƿʥ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ȣʥڡʥһ֮У棬ôôȻûУΣѧԺʥʥּѧԺΪ׼򣬷ʥǱҪܴѧԺʵУڵȻҲ߱ʵ
ķţһԵϹ֣ʥǾ;ԲϹˡ
ҪǸţҪŸΣǵ²λʥţʵҦܵҲǲĵķŶʲôġ
üͷγûţֻԼҲҪһ£Լܵô
ĭЦЦʵ֪ʶĽŶԺķչǷôҽˣ˵ʵҪǷţԺѧԺѧ棬ǾͱһֱǰУһҪˣֻǰ֮⣬ҲܵŵķɡʥѹҲǶǽţԺѧԺ񾳽ѧض֮һôҽô
Щľۻᣬ˿̱ͻȻ
أ˿ʼ֧
ܣ
Եġ
㡣

ѧ֧֣Ǹж
ĭЦЦӣ֪Ϊʲôĭ˴λЩˣΪĭѾ쵽ĵط
ȻЩѧԺĿѧǵİ˭ֺ֪γı
ڣĭŴһӾͰƵ˷˼⡣
˿̣֪ԼҪվҪšΪģô֧ţƴǵǾη֮ģԺͻ
λͬѧ΢΢һЦԵЩɵȻҶΪʺңԺҾͷʥˡҲһţҺѣԺ˭ŸʺҰøҲԣǧͬѧ֮顣
˵ɣһǧַ棬һʱƺֲʲôˡ
ţѧǶǻ
һΣļ֤ʷ
ķţûзŵѧֳ˴ԵĶ󣬶ĭ׵塣
ƾʱҵ˴ĭĻᣬߺߵ㲻˵ģж
ЦʵҶ֪ΪĭûʸģĭҲѧƾԼһˡ
ĭȻҲ֪Щ΢֪ʶһ£⣺ˣҲĳˣһЩ֪֮ģʱҾͷɾɡ
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ҵе˼Ǵǻۣĭ֮ǰӵ츳ѧԺҲȷʵǻƣͬǻƵʥţȻû˺ˡ⣬ƺǻŮŵȼͬһƺţҲҪŵȣŵȣŵȡ
˴ξۻᣬȫ˷ۻᡣ
ĭķŶֱ֮ϣһۻûʲôǷʮʵ˿Цá
ˣһεľۻϽɣҿٲǰڳ˵ķˣϾҪЩڳˡ˭صѧԺԼˣɾˣԼһ֪ǾˡЦλͬѧ⻰̲סЦǻ뷨
һ¡ʱֳվһֱܵ͵μξۻᣬʵҲ棬ڣ˶Ǻ
ֳʱһУɵǰֻҾξۻǷԾֻ˼Ǵ˴ξۻĳҿô⣬ѧԺͼһЩװͼݣҴ⼸͹ȥʱǱѡˣô꼶ѧҲܿ˷Ҿۻʢ
˶һȻֳĻ
ܹ߸ǴӾۻῪʼ߸ÿһ涼˴˴ξۻİʮˡ
ŻԼ˶Цú˼
ҲкܲģƾֳֻŮԣӦƳɾһҲ̫ѿˣһٷֵֵ㻭ĶˡϽ»һȻõ꼶ѧң
⻰ֳüͷͻ˵ֵôԼﻹûôҪ㲻⣬ҾͰطˣôҿͺˡ
ƾʱɵˣô˾ͳˡ
ȴ̲סЦǿƾڳԱӣʵǴġ
ˣˣʵͦõġ
ƾһ̹ϵˣֳĴвǵġ
ֳ翴˵ʲôͰ߷Ȼô˴εľۻǷֻ뵥Իķʽ¼ȴζû뵽Ժ߷Ϊʷļ֤ޱҪʷ壬ѧȥι۵һط

һ֮׻صѧԺ
ڵȻǽ۾磬꼶ѧ
ĻȻ˲ѧע⣬ϾҲѧԺķ֮һȼĴڡ
ûͻƣ
˿ףע⵽׵ΪȻ̲ס̾˿
ڴѧһǧѧˣȿʮλѧǶѾΪ˴ѧ꼶ѧȴڸв
ζʲôֱǲԶ
䣡
֮ӣѾȻˡ
ײ˿񣬳׵ȥǸչ̸
׵ԽԽˣҪԭ糤ٳ޷ͻƵɾ磬Ƕ׵硣Ȼ糤ͻƵԪɾ磬ΪѧԺѧ꼶ѧ֮Ѿ˵ȡ׵磬ΪѧԺ֮һһ׵Ա˿̾һˣԸ뵽׵˶ʮˣ׵ȴϰˡ
ڻ׵ԱҲĸ
˵ģ׵ĲԱͻƵ˽ɾ磬ȴֻʥɾ磬Ȼ뷨ȡףΪ׵µ糤Ǿһɳ죬ΪѧԺķ
׵翴Ҫˡһ׵Ա̾
ʱ˽
ףλԱһ֪Լո˵Ļ϶ǱˣǲЩš
׿ˣûôֻһȥһ׵ϸңҪ
˵˵ͷȥ죬ԻǱŵˡ
뿪֮εҡҡͷٳ޷ͻƾ磬Ӱ̫ˡ
Сʱ׾õ׵ϣ˵Щ棬׵ķչȷǼתֱ£ȡŵλҲǳ顣
֮⣬׵ڲʮ߸ѧɹͻƵ˽ɾ磬ҲѾͨ˳Ϊѧѧˣǰ׵Ϊǿѹǣ׵Ļû˸ΥЩȻ׵磬ȴ糤ûǰôˡ׵磬ȫһɢɳ
׵Σ˳
ڶ죬׼׵ĸ糤л壬Ҳѧѧ֮һ
л忴ףЩε糤ĿģʵѾµˡ׵һţչҲǴǰȥ׵ƶҪɢˡȻ׵ĸ糤Ҫı־棬׵ѧʮ߸ѧ֮УҵʵǿģҲ޷ŷҲŸı־棬ȴȡʵ䷴Ч
лǲװ׵иֻۿ׵粻ϵ·
ԴˣҲΡ
ѧԺţվҲҪʵ˵ģ׵ˣ׵Ҳ͵ˡ
ײûйл壬Ϊ֪յĸԴϣ׵磬ǿ˭
лԺ֮˲뵽ף⼸ǹ˼άˣǸпЦλûͻƣڲʥɾףѵЩļѧĶ֡
л˵һ֣ӦƾȻ֪ʲôʲôֶΣҲΨһһѧ꼶ѧ
ƾ֣׵˵ͷ
ƾǱе׵ģƾǱҲƾһ糤šʵƾǼһ̫ףûʹ׵飬ȫ׵ıԱ
ڵ׵磬˭뷨׳˼һ£ʵ
ν뷨ʵʵ˭̨Ϊ׵糤
лԺ֣֮뵽һˣ뷨Ĳ˵Ǹû뷨Ҳ˳׵Եܺãҳƾ׵ļһʵӦǿģѾв糤λˡ
֣׸пǧ
䲻׵һͨԱ츳л嶼Ȳϣڶʸ糤λˡ
֪ˡһվл׵粻ᵹģǰľ棬һǿ˳СҴ㣬ʽ׵糤һְ
⻰л΢΢һЩ
Ը׵糤ﻹʲô뷨


1852 л糤ȫ
ôⶼõİ취ˡ
׺ĹϵܴʻӦʱ׵һҲӭж⣬׵Ҳع˵ܽӶһ
лûҲ˵ʲô
ס׹񲢲ô⡣
ףǿǺþûˣһҪúúһҲע⵽׵Ϊ׻ʥɾ磬ûͻƵɾ磬û˿ףǺǰһ׷ŵһԵȵλϣߵдס
һ϶Ҫһģһ˵飬鲻˵ͺȣʱ򴫳ȥ˻ΪҰˣƭӵġȤ
ǱߣѾ˲ˮ
Ǻã˵顣ҲΪ⣬ǲµ׵ļ⡣
ϾҲѣ˴Ҳ˽Է
û£ԵţСһ£ǰϢԼط
ʱҲԥֱӵҳٳ޷ͻƵɾ磬׵ĸټȥ׵ɢԶˡô˵׵ҵѪҲܿ׵ôˣʱһǿ˳סСҾûʲô˱ˡԣιʵ㵣׵᳤ģȫȨҴ׵顣
˲ˮüͷ
µǹæ׵⣬ȴû뵽õķô
һЦ㵹Ǹ˵ѵ㲻ҵ׵糤ֱȡ֮׵ΪУ
Կ
֪ڿЦȴǺʥѧԺһˣţֱӳһʥ磬϶ѧͶʱҦܵ˶ҪվҪĿҵ׵絹Ǻˣڽ㣬ҲһɣҽҲġ
ʱһͳˣȵڡ
״һ׵˦˼ЩЦã֪׵Ҫ
һɢˣʲôģҲûȥӪҵ糤飬ӦҲ޷˲֪ҿǿ϶ĺܣԺܳΪ֮жĴڣǷһ飬Ժҿ϶׬ˡؼ黹ŵģ㡣ЦǺǵ
ԼԶԡ
ôԼԼһɳ죬Ҳʰġ

˵ֱ֮׵ȥ
ֻ˸յ׵磬Ǳ߾ҺԼг
׺࿴˿֪׵϶ǳˡ
ֻ׵ڣ˻ţһл壬ϵԱ͸л棬һΪ׵ʮˣʮ˶Ǵѧѧ׵ĸ߲ˡ
׵棬ѧѧҲʮˣľռһС룬ȥһģ֧׵Ҳֻʣһˡ
ȻǽͷŹҲ۳˻
׽ȥʱһ̾л壬֪׵ļᶨӵߣҲ׵Ԫϡ׵ҪչҪ׳󣬽Ҫѡ糤糤ͻƵ˽ɾ磬ȻλûͻƣôҲûˡȥ׵Ҫɢˡ׵Ҫ䣬Ҫ³һѹ糤Ťתڵľ档
⻰л嶼ǳĬˡ
л󣬲׵ĳԱҲ޷粵
˹Ҫѡ糤ʵⲻл˼ѧ˼˵ǶȨԣ˵׵緢չĸҲԡ鱾ͲڶԴΪͰѧԺŵ糤ôһʥɾѧΡ
ΪѡĴ˿վ˳л帱糤ôҲΪ׵δ׵ٲı䣬Ž׵λá糤ҺصѧǵҲһѾ֮ǰˣѾûʸٵ׵糤һְΪ׵δʵϣ糤λ
⻰лɫѿ
λ˵ˣⲻƹô
ʱһ䣬λԣ׵δ㻹֧Ų
⻰˷׷׿˹ȥֻ׽˹
Цû뵽ôһϷ
糤
л忴׹ϲɫ֪׵Ĵġ׺Ǽƻ϶ǳɹˡ׵ֻҪһеⶼӭж⡣
ȵһߣ齻ҡ
ӦȻߵ˵Ķ棬ЦЩڶˣôסˣ糤λˣȡ֮䣬⣬˭⣿
俴׵ĵһۣ̲סĵ׷
˵ʵͻƵ˽ɾ磬׶Ȼڣڱᵽ֣ʱͻŵòС
䲻ҿ˺ߺߵⲻ˭⣬Ǵҹͬ뷨糤ѧȥԺô׵緢չ׳󡣡
˵Ļ䣬Ҳ˵׷׿ڡ
ǶΪ׵硣
糤Ҳ뿴׵ԼС
糤λɣ׵п϶ᷢչĸá

ʮ˷׷׿ڣб䡣
ʱҲ˵ѾչһҲͼذˡ
񿴵׺ΪѣҪվ֧ףȴֹȻһгǹУʱЩҲɫ䣬׷׺ˡ
׳ǹһӣֱָ䣬ȻֻҲλΪųΪ뵱׵糤ǾͰչңȻ׵糤
ʱɫ䣬û뵽׵ʱ򻹻ǿơ
Ҫ֪ײʥɾѣѾǽĴ޽ɣ˵ľܴ
糤㲻Ѿ˼ƻôΪʲôҪһսлվ֧׵ԱҲǷ׷׿ڣ֪׵ΪƣȻԸ⿴װС
ǲö˵֪Լʲôл˵ĺ⣬һսڱС
ǱߣҲ˽
䣬ײʥɾ磬֮һ󾳽磬С磬ԲĶ֡
ֻҪӮף㵣׵糤˳ˡ
䣬鷢չһѾû·ˡ

˵Ļҧҧ
ȷû·ˡ
Ѿﻢ£ֻһߵˡ
ףһڻףǺĵģϾΪĲ
ʱҲԥ֣صĳ׹˹֣л糤ȫ
ڳȫ
ЦȻЦ㾹Ȼڳȫ㣬ǵĿԡ
˵ţһɳ졣
֮д׵һŶ̨㡣


1853 ׵ʵ
׵ĻѾֺܲõԤС
뵽ԼǽĴ޽ɣ˵
һսҲܰܵġ
䰵ԼȻ׷׶ȥ
ҲǷ׷׸ϣֱһŶ̨ĵطв˵֪顣
Ҫһս
ļٵģײʥɾôôĶ֡
ȥ׵Ҫˡ
Ӧ׹ַԼ˳λ
ȥȫԺʦỹûٿͷ˾顣

һʱ䣬˶һŶ̨ȥ
֮УѾ֪ͨҦܣҦȴǰû˵
糤һܣԺ׵Ҳˡ
˵ţѧԺԺֻܾʣˣ߾һֱڴԵģȡ׵磬ΪѧԺµ֮һ
Ȼ׵紦ھϵǿ׵û䣬ĸо
Ҧһ£˭˵׻ܣ
ڳ˶ɵˣѵ׻Ӯɡ
ҦվһŶ̨Ǹ˽ף֪Ŀ£ûͻƵɾ磬Ҳ˿Իܵġ߰ɣҲȥʤǰܣ׵϶ı䡣
ҦܵĻ˲ҹͬҦҪȥȻҲ֮á
ĭסϢ̲סֹ׵׵Ҫ˶ˣǿɺޡ
ĭ̲סһ棬˵һ䣬ҲǵĿԡ
ϾԼˣˣӰɡ
Էһս޲ʤ֮ƾΪ鶼˳˲١
˿̣ϢҲ
Ͼô˵Ҳ׵ĸ糤֮һ
ԥһ£ƾֹ侹ȻҲ뵱糤Ҫλˣ׵糤ҲҵȺļһôƾң
˵ţƾǲƽĳһŶ̨ȥ

תۣһŶ̨;ۼһǧˡ
̨ѧԺѾ޴۴ģһɵΪ沼󷨣Գסǿߵս
̨ϣ׳ǹ֣սӿǰ죬ǵأԨһλһǹ̹ȥ
սʮ˲̰꣬Ѿʯ
糤ˡ
䳯׹˹֣һѳ
ȷ콣ͻƽɾ磬汾ԴѾΪȥΪ˺һʵĻ׼
䣬յʮ֣һֺȻ񼶵ǿ
̨û糤ʹԼȫö顣׵˵ţ˵ӣԽԽԼжϵĺȷŲ׵磬ԼλҲܰ׵罻˵С
ƺҲоˣЩ
һսһ֤Լʵõ˵Ͽɡ
ɾ˼Щʱһ˳ǹգֱüĶ˲侪ѡ
ʱǹ˼άΪ糤ȳ֣ʵսôЩʱռȻҪġ˵ֻʥɾ磬ȳ֣Ҳ˵ʲô
תеĳɳȥΪ򽣣תγһɫĶơ
׵ĳǹƵס޷͸
ȴǴӶϸо˳ǹ̲סɫһ䡣
ΪҲﵽ˽ɶ
ƣ
һеĶһ׵ĳǹ͸˻ȥ
ô˻ᣬֱ׷ϣеĳɳȥֱնȥ
ƿգһҪظп
Ǵ˿ֳֻ̣ӰЩģγһǿװ
һնЩӰ֮ϣЩӰǳ˼ʹ࣬鿪һҲȫ⡣˿ĵ׿ԼǴ޽ɾǿߣԼһôᱻ׵
Ǹ˼ʱ䣬еĳǹѾ
ͬʱ׵һ֮Щ̺֮ӳڳǹ֮ϣʹóǹƺһ㣬һӾ䡣
裡
ɫѿо壬Լ궼ǹˣԼȫǶ޿ɶ㡣һǹѾ壬ꡢ˺Ӳһǹһжᱻն飬Ժֻܱһͨˡ
ǽɣⲻУ˲ҡ
һȫҫ۽⣬һѾǴ߶ȫ
׵һǹ䣬ȴ֮һסףڴ޽ɵ
Ǿϵѹơ
ЦȴԤϵһĻһȥٻԼĳǹǳȭ
ȭȭ
ȭֱΪ졢ȻبšֻءԪ˰֮£ǳ׹䣬һȭ䵽ϵʱֻͨĽһ˵ȭʱѾﵽ˽ɶ˵ȭѾӵ˽˵ھȭʱ֪˶ٱѾ˽
䣡
ȭһء
ֻһѪֱӴմ
˿һĻ˿̶֡
䣬Ȼ״ѪˣҲֱϸոΪ˶ĽһѪڡ
ôȻǿޱȡ֮ǰѧԺҲһİŹɹˡԶһӵӵ漶Ѫ츳ϣɣѧԺ֮ѡھʵѾֱ׷ףʥɾսĴ޽ɣⶼռϷ磬ҵѡûȻǿ󡣲ͬһֹҲѾͬ׵ĸ棬ҵĸؾ־档
Ǳߣվ
˲ǵѪǱŭ糤ҳԼСˣֻʥɣҵĶ֡Ѿֶξ˰ɣһûС
˵ţӰһΪţȻŸͬʱ˹ÿһ̺ŵ
Ĵžն
䷢ԼǿЩ֧˶˷ޱȣѾʤ
һ̣Ҳޱ
һУܶԻԪ˺οɶǵʥɡ
糤ɣ㲻ܽһеġ
ĻЦˣΪǵļһ׵Ȼܽ㡣
˵ţ׵֮мЩ̺׵ľˣ츳־ȵȡеЩһĽ֯һӡĳΣ
ӡϣɫ䣬û뵽׶Ѿ磬Ԥ֮УҲҪд޽ɵΪпӡ治֪ģҪ֪ڻֻʥɾ磬ԺͻƵɾ磬ָж¡
ӡֵһ˲䣬ѧԺһ͡
˲֪ϣɿ֪ӡһ𣬿ѹһʹĹ޷ƿһ򣬶Լһ֮УǾ޵е
˵ģǲôڵġ
૵ֻĽžնĹȻһʧ
˴˿̶ǾĪ׶ǳη塣


1854 ׵¹
һϿʲô
Գ档
׵Ļǵǹ˵ģǲôڵģĽʧȥá
ԼҲɫ䣬оԼĽȻһڷֽ⣬ʧǱڻˮһˮˮʧ١
һ̣Ľ׸ǰãĽȫʧˡ
ֱµˣȫ֪ô졣
Ϊ޵ľǽʧȥãǱͨһ
ڳ⣬ҲǿĿɿڴ׵ӡ֮£ҲǸоϵȨ
һ磬׾ף汾Դ޷á
䣡
ӡ£ٴΰգһ˲
ۣ
һѪ˳׿ȥʱֻ׵ĳǹֱָʺ
׵ˡ
Զԣˣó׵ס
Գһ󾳽磬СΪһսȻ׵Ķ֡ⲻ̫ˣ̫ǿˣ׶ûɾ磬սѾȴ޽ɣȻԪɡôսʤʵһԸѡ
׳ǹջأ䡣
˵ʵǿһһ޷䣬ʣ޷֧ٷһӡǡ
һӮˡ
׿Щֻ֧糤׵ԱЩȴǸӣѵ
ǰֱˣЩ׵귢չĲ⣬ԼҪҪΣ˭Ҫǻ뻻糤ģĳǹ֮⣬Ҳʽһ飬Ϊ׵ܸõķչѾѧ꼶ѧ׵᳤ԺȫȨҴ׵顣
˲䣬һƬȻ
ɫ䣬һע⵽һģֻǵʱûе£ӦþҪ顣ѡʱѣڻԼΪֱһСѡ͸׵¾Ľ취õĽ취
ϾѧԺ˭֪׵磬ֻǵ糤ǴӰ춼Ǿ޴ġ
л֧׵׵ԱѾ֮ɫ֪ԼĶˣ׵֮׵粻û䣬϶һ¥
ŵ糤ȴһɫ㡣
һսʤܣ׵Ǳض飬ʱȡ׵Ȼ˳¡ͻȻҪ׵糤һӾͰ׵ȶʲôûû˻ỳ
ҦҲǸоһЩѹ
ȻѧԺţһҲûлᡣֻǲ֪񵽵Ҫһֻס׵磬ȫõģ׵һʱ˾ԻܵӰ졣
ʱ񲻵òվ˳˿׵Աɵ˵͸鵽ǰҲܲӡûͻƵɾ֮ǰԺҾ׵糤׵磬Ҷָ̡
˵ɣȴѹС
лʱȱ̬׵Աһȫʥ
ҲǸſڣʱԥһ£˹֣ǳĵλ
׵Σڽˡ
ڶʽ׵糤ס׵ܲĵһǰ˸׵硣׵籾ʮλѧѧһӿʮλ˶Ǳֶŵˣȫǲ׵糹׷ϵˡ
˻ȥףȫܡ
ŵ죬񷢲׵¹棬¹֮ǰȴҪԶ׵Ա㡣
㡣
ǰ׵Աʹ˶׵ԴΪ׵˶ٹףȫ
¹ݣ׵ԺһԹŵĵλѧԺҹйǿԻ㽱ĹףоѧԺȡõȡõָԱȵȣԻԴԴĸǶʮһ
ѾǸĸˣȫǰ׵һиƵ
Ҳ˻ΪЦǵڶ׵һԱɹͨˣӳв뵽вȻֱӱһ㣬ʱ˶˵ˡ
ģġ
Ȼ˲ΪȻΪЩҪԴ׵ִԴĹˣЩٴ޷ʵʩ
˶ˣΪ񷢲׵ĵڶ¹棬ε¹˼ˣΪⲻһһΪ׵紴գ֤׵ԺɳչһԾٴ롣
¹ֻ
һ׵ԱԺ󶼿Դڲ㣬ྦྷ׵κԴЩԴᰴһϢ
˵ˣǴ
ֻһѾʹ׵ڲȻһƬ˵ʵ̫Ҫˡ
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빺򷨱ྦྷû£ҲȽ㡣
һֱڹע׵ĸŶɵˣ˵ʵһ¹沢Ƕô£ҪǸʵʩִʩ
˵һ¹ҪһͿУǵڶ¹ֱǰ춼ͱˡ
Ϊڶ¹涨ԱǵԱҪϽɵţȻŻᰴʱԱǽϢԱҪʱֿʱȡԼϽɵ㡣
¹һ൱Ǵһ൱Ǵ
߻ಹ䣬ʱ䵱емһӾͰڲõֵ
Ȼ˾Ǹҷ¹棬ҲһʵʩȻû˻᲻ᰴչ涨ִС
¹淢ĵڶ죬סл塢ƾʹʮѧԱӦĹ涨еȫ浽šֻó㣬һӾ׵ų㳬ʮ㡣ţѧҲ׷Ӧֻʱ䣬׵ͳ˰
ƾشãҿôƾ浽ţǻʲô
˵ЩԼֲµǷǿϢġ
ţЩֱԴԴϵĽȥ֤׵˳תҲʹÿ׵Աл档
׵Ȼ֮ģÿԱȴ˸ɾ׵˾Ժ׵ķչҲڴ
ʱڷġ
û뵽ֻ˲һµʱ䣬׵»˻ʱǵڵõ˻ظ
ͬص㶨ɽҲѧĵط
׺ãȷʵһ£õǵָ㡣


1855 ǶԻ
ڵǺæݼٲѧԺʱ䣬ÿ춼и顣
ΪҲǺܼ飬֪ʱһ֮ˡ
׽飬ҲһֱڹעϾܿõѧ
ڵɽѧԺѾȫ˳Ȼһأʲô˶ġ
ɽ£ԼѧĵطﻹŵӣЩпĪ
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ףˣ
һֻɽһųǹӡ
ȫëǽɫģһһʱܷȥ
׿ӣЩȵ˺˹û뵽㻹ɽֵأһΪɽûء
˺˹ɽɽˣɽڡץʱ򻹲⣬ھɽˣȻû뿪
˺˹һЦԺҵѧԺڲֵصģ˵ҿظͼݻ߶ֻ̨뻹ɽûȥ
׿Цã˺˹˵һ䣬ɽȥ
һ·ϣֿЩϤı
֮򷨣
ļ˭ܸң˭˭˭
ҪҲڲסҵۣҪҲҵġ
ģѪȾ졣
Ҳ죡
˶޷ƫаΪҾǷҵĻ
ڽް࣬ڴıҪ998ֻҪ98

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һ·ɽŽţȻﲻҪĵطʱ뵽һطǾѧԺĺɽ
ǰϲĵطΪԿޱߵĴ󺣡
ˡ
׸ոߵɽʱ˪ʹ׵Ķ档
˪׾֪ûˡ
ֻɽȥ±ߣһþ޴£ں˪Ų裬š
ԺԺˡ
߹Ǻ˪˹ֻ֣һԺ˽еĲ˪һˡ
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ָָʣµλӣ˪ɣ֪㵽ѧԺʱǻ˵ʲôʱȸ裬죬û뵽ȴԼԺٹȫԺʦٿʱ䣬ԺҲͽ컹еա
׵ͷҲЩж
Ͼڰæ֮Уǻǳʱ
ǵǲΪ⣬ЦЦ˵ǰЩһսӮ
˵£ν˵£ֻЩΡ
Ӯ䣬ʵڲʲôʵ顣
ЩԺʧˡ
׿ԼˣŻᱻ˶ȨһжԼԼ֮ǰԼʤ飬ʲôЩ֮ǰѧмսʤ䡣
εҡҡͷҪԼôѹ׵ҲãǶɽѩҲãһжҪ÷µľҪ¡׵ͺܺãȫȥͻƾ硣ҿлһĨײ˵ʹ֮ɫɽѩ飬㻹ûг׷£Ļлܲ
׶ʱ˵ˡ
붫ɽѩİ£ѧԺв֪˻ΪɽѩΪ˽ʮ˲̰꣬ˣһȻûǣֻĵɽѩΪ𽥼˽ҲԽԽ֪븴һȥˣǲܵ飬
ˣ˵ģһͻ
׳ĬҲǳ̾һ
ױ쳣ǿͻƾͲףֶֶѣЩۺӵͻơ
֪⣬ԽԽѧͻƵ˽ɾ磬ȴʼ޷ͻƣЩãˣԼҪˣǲǣЦЦڵ顣
ײ˵ԱԼ˵еӣǼʵ˳ȻͻƵɾ磬Ҳֻʱ⡣ȻˣҲܾôˣоЩջ񣬾ͽڵо˵һ⡣ʵһˣκͻƾ磬ؼһܶȣ־
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˵ǵһ˵
ǿ׵ӣ֪֮ǰ϶û˵ۣģҲԸϸ˵˵ԼЩۡ
˵ܶȣƲҪʵΪҪܶı־츳츳ԽߵˣܶҲԽߣҲԽͻƾ硣ٸȽӣһҶں潻ѣϵõˣ᲻õżͣ⣬Ĺһ˵ôȥˢ£ʵˢľܶȡ
׶ʱȻ
ʵŮ洺оĿ֮һƴȥԼ츳Ϊ֪ۡ
ܶߣͻƾ͸ף˶õ
츳򼶣ѧԺҲǱȽϸߵģǻַ޴󣬵ҲȽųһַ򣬱ϾҪǴ죬ǻͻƵѶȻʹ󡣲ֻҪʱ㹻츳֧ͻƾġ
׽Լ޷ͻƵԭˡ
ܼԼ츳Լ츳漶ԼܶȸߣҲԼ˳ͻơ
ֻڶ޷Լ츳漶οмҪʹ츳ƬһҪֱǺġ
ܺ⣬ÿͻƾʱ򣬶Ҫһȥ忪ǸݣͺñƿζһԽķǿҲԽǿͻƵʱҲԽߡͻƣ˵ʵҪˣڲʥɾ磬Ҳ˽ǿȣʵѾˡ
׵˵ͷӦò⡣
־͸˵ˣԾͻƵԾ򣬶ͻƾļ֣ȵһϵۺϡΪҪעһǣ־һҪ⣬ҪиĶԽǴԽͻơþƾ֣ģ;Լ츳ãԼһͻ硣˵ҴߣͻƾֱŲɣ츳ˣȴܱȱͻơ
˵ƾʱԼЩһˣѧԺһ⣬Ҳһ漣
ʱͷԼˣִ־⣬Ҳ谭ͻƵһϰ
ԺҸô룬ǺǫѯʵȻҳˣô⣬Ҫġ
һûڣ˼
˪״ˮ
ڹȥ֮ǿڵһȥѧԺһŽص䡷͡ʥķھͿʼȡԼ츳һ¡ڶȥĦʦѯһ£һЩԾķ̾ģûµĺʱúжһ¡һʱ価ҪսѧԺ鼮û¶
󣬵˵ͷ
룬ֵ⣬ȫԺʦٿ֮һῪչһоĿ㵽ʱҲ
һЩ
֪ܸһоĿǳ
ˡ
˪׵ıӰЦЦҴģ׿϶ɽѩִҲһ֡
ЦЦҵȻ֪ҲûдʵͻҪĲ˵ЩһᣬһҲܿͻᵽĻᡣ
ܿǶ飿
ʮ꣬ɡ
ǵĿ⿴汾Դһȼյ̫Խӵҫ
汾Դڶαжã


1856 ȫԺʦᣨϣ
֮ȫԺʦٿʱ䣬ѧԺѾ׼ˡ
ĳ˪ŲõģλѡСѧΧ֮ССѧввѧθһ鳡ءĸѧԱߣŵѧԺʦȻǷ̨λ֮У泯ĸѧһ鷽Բ׵̨ʦϿεĽ̨ʽһ
һ׼֮͵˴Ὺʼʱ䡣
һ찴ѧԺҪĲѧʦֱǰ᳡
ввʹѧѧãǶչСѧѧѧԺһҷɴ͹
һȺСѧѧӷɴֺ岻ͣ˵ʵδڴģΪͨһδᣬܿ꼶ѧ꼶ʦ֮е˶ûмǣһܿԺʲôӵġ
ѧҪ
صСѧĻֺһȺСѧС˺öࡣ
ȻСѧʦҲ׷׵뵽Լλ
ţввѧѧʦҲ׷׵Сѧ볡ʦ͸꼶ѧ¶˷ܵɫ
쿴һλʥѧԺǿġݵľˣ֪׵糤֮Ѿ׵ˡһСѧ˵ţļ֮ɫܹȥϸӰڵĴѧ̫ԶˣҿռҲǸģ񾳵ΪҲ޷ȥ
ţ֪񣬲ݵҦܣҪˡһ˵ҲԼżҦܡ
ٳв͸вѧŴѧѧҲ¶Ľ֮ɫ
Ͼܽ뵽ѧģǿɶŽɾΪɾ֮жӦŲ࣬۷Ĵڡ
쿴ѧʦˡ֪˭˵һѧվ
ѧʦǲޱǿĴڡ
ؿһȺޱȵСѧѧЩЦãʱɴǽܵǿΪ׵λѧʦǽʦʦǳ磬磬ĿǰʦҲǾںսϵ˧ʦԱߵλ𡭡ȵȣȻҲˡ
ʲô𣿡
صĻѧǻϾǳǣǲ֪ܲ
Ǳߣںͽ̸
СôҲ֪ѧԺҪٿȫԺʦģں죬һΪ㲻أ֪Ժ϶ܸˡңھȻľ磬Ѿ׷ˡ
Ҧ֪ͨңҲû̫飬ԾͻˡЦЦˣҰҲ˹ŮˣŮ˵һЩԱ졣
һʶһɨ˪ҲŮˣֲý
ʱ򣬽СѧǱߵĺЦСǱкܶں֡
ȻҲˣСѧѧ֣кڴѧǣӭԺѡҵĿγ̡
Сѧѧĺǻѡ
вѧҲǷ׷׳
ֻܲѡĿγ̣Ҫб½뵽ѧС
Ϊ˲Ӱ쵽ʦ᳡Ѹˡ
ǱʱŹǳİ˴ʥʣҲӵŶľ磬Ͱ֯ѧԺϮʱ򣬰λʥʷգɱͰ֯λػѧԺ͵ٸŵ޷񳵺ԯˣѧԺĸֱԴװ󲿷־ǽƵġԺȤģһҪѡ޳ԯʦĿγ̡
ѧٴλ֪񳵺ԯѧԺˮƽߵģ֪ѧƱͷ
߹ԷʦȵǼλʥˣˮƽߵ̫ϾѧԺѧܻӭŮʦŮ洣ԼͨͨԪʼ𡣸ŵǵ߸ʦ˽ʦĴţħ캢һʦλԷʦеĻڸвڿΣֻҪѧ˸вѡ޵ǵĿγ̡
ٸŹĹ磬ʦ̨ʦŵʦǺŮˣҶλʦ͸˵ˣܸѧϰǶвջ񡣡
ٸԷ֮ĸλʦηֱǷ޼ʦʦǧʦ
ٸŹʦʦԼʦ

עˣһЩѧȽʦλǶʦڶʦĶ¾ŽҪӭһٸ汾ˣڸ꼶֮УиŶʦѧϰѧڶʦλӦв˱ȽϤɣĦʦҲѧԺĵһλʦҦܶĦʦȻСѧΣСѧ꼶ϵѧܶĿΡ
ŻصĽܣѧǶǶѧԺʦһ֪
תۣѧԺǧʦҲȫ
ʱȫڵȴţΪ֪ǾҪˡ
ʱһһĹȥûһʧȥģ᳡ҲĿ£ϯ̨ĵطѾۼʦѧĿ⡣
Ǹ磬ˡ
˪һ·һôʽĳλѧʦǰǾ㲻Լױݣ˪Ǻġ
ЦЦģȻȫԺʦᣬҲûʲôرģҲ㽲ߴһЩѡ
˪ЩЦã㽲Щѧʦɲֻ
Ҳ˵ʲôӳϯ̨ȥ
ڻ᳡һȺʦѧ΢΢һȻǻֻǵӰƺңԶĿռһ߹ǿԽʱһ㣬ϯ̨ϡ˿̵ǴһɫԺۣԺȨȣ΢ЦĿŴңÿƺоƺעԼһ
ҺãѧԺԺǡ
ЦЦʦѧ΢΢ףѧԺһôʽʦᣬ˵ҵʧְǰĻѧûУǿˣҲǲײġڵĻǴѧѧһǧˣеѧѾ˴ѧ꼶ѧҵƶҪ˶ˣҪٲһδᣬʱǶҵˣǻºܶź
⻰˵ͷ
ǽѧԺ֮һѧԺʦᶼûвμӹͱҵˣĻź
ЦЦǶߣѧһףƪȽһʲôһʲô֮ģҾֱӽ⡣ȴĵһڣȸҽһѧԺĿǰôҶѧԺһ֪
λʦѧǰͷ
˵ʵڣǶѧԺĸ˽ⲻСѧѧǶѧԺûʲôӡ˵ĻѧԺʦǿѧԺѧǿѧԺѧԺܰЩ
һѧԺѧĿǰѧԺСѧѧ42923ˣвѧ35329ˣвѧ23098ѧѧ1099ˣѧ102499ˣǽѧ1788ˡڶѧԺĽʦĿǰѧУȫְʦ918ˣְʦ4472ˡ⣬ѧԺиԱӽˣҵӣʳסУͲˡ
Щ˵ʵϸΪûжλÿһ꼶
Ǵһ¾ͷˣѧԺѧȻʮˣѾһܺ˵֡ʵѧԺս֮ǰѧûô࣬ѧԺս˴ԴѧԺ֮Ҳӵ˾޴ӰٶҲ͸ˣҪҲѧԺԴôѧ
ǿ˽ۣƺѧԺѧʱЦЦǲǶѧԺʮѧͺܶˣʵʮ˼ֱٵĲˡҾѧԺìܲǳ˵ǵĵʹﵽʮˡٱˣ޹㣬ֻһʹﵽʮˣ⻹ʽӣЩʲôģȻҪڡ˴Ҳȫһϡ
⻰˻Ȼ
ЩѧԺ̫ˣֱٵĿ
ЦЦǺǲһһѧǾɲһǸһٷ֮ʮŵžžŵ˶Ϊ˵̤ʯܵѧԺѧϰǺ˵ģϧѧϰᡣ
ѧǴ˿̶ǳĬˣЩţǵȷ˵ġ
ѧԺĽѧԴĿǰѧԺĸͼݣֱֲĸѧղص鼮һڱ֮оѧơرǿһ㹦ѧԺ𼶹ʮ֣һ֣֣ɷһǧ֣С񼶡Լ񼶹ۼƳһ֡˽ϵĹѾȰ˴κһ٣𼶹ҲֻǺ൱
˵ʱҲЩԺ
ѧԺǳ磬ʥ磬ǿ磬çļ磬Ĺ磬ĹڶĹѾЩǧԪĻۡ
ʦѧǴ˿ҲһôඥĹǵ֮·ܵԱ֤
֮⣬ѧԺһӦԴ츳ƬݿȣûеĶټѧԺЩսõ棬ȫԱ֤ÿһѧԴ󡣳ЩԴ֮⣬ѧԺƿ֮еĲؾһؾʮ߸ؾǳһٸѧԺµɺӼŸѾΪ֮ǰһٵҵţΪѧԺϵش֮лȡԴɺӼǱߴݣֻɺӼһ֮лõ棬ԶϵĹֵ
꼶ѧ¶һ˽⣬ǶȻЩݣҲǱ𾪵Ĳ񻰡
ɺӼţֱһޡ
Ҳ⣬ɺӼںսȡ󣬶ǰ˴ôĵطɺӼֻ΢ռһݶõ涼Ǻġֻڰ˴ʵԶˡҪ֪ɺӼֻǴһս棬˴Ǻеս
ģѧԺʵĿǰѧԺȻֻʮλʦǳǿ߶ѧԺĺɺλҲκ⣬ѧԺµɵаɣɨսԺǻΪѧԺļʵ
˵ʱ֪ѧԺⷽ滹̫ˣѧԺֵôǿƣôе
ΪֻĻɺͺѧԺҲֻλ񣬶С˽⵽˵Ŀǰ˵ܲʮλ˴֮УٵҲһλģŵľλ֪ǷС
ԣ߶սѧԺһ⣬Щ񼶱ǿ޷֮⻹ã汾Դּǿ֮ʱѧԺܽ߶ս⣬ѧԺİȫ޷õ֤
ѧǲ֪ЩѧԺкɺλ񣬸Ǽѡ
ȻҲ֪ɺҪѧԺսΣһмʱֻˣѧԺҲԸˡ
ĿԺܵͣΪ磬Ҷߵյ㣬ǸոͻƵ񣬲Ȼ֮ʵ಻̫
ǲϽ죬ҲֱӽѧԺĽܣѧԺһҲֻһԵĽܣñѧһȷ˴ﵽʮһˣ츳ﵽ򼶵ʮˣѧԺ˸оһǧȵȣЩĵطҾͲһһ׸ˡ
ʦѧҲͷҪѧԺϸһ飬ƶҪ˵һ졣
ЩҪĻǲѲ鵽ġ
ǿ˿ˣλѧʦЩ֮ɫЩ˵һѧԺĲ㡣һѧԺĿǰʦ㣬ʦдߣڶѧԺĹ̫ɢѧ֮ȱѧǵĶλ⣬ѧȱ۽粻ģѧԺĽѧ̫еѧѧ壬Դ䲻
½½˵ʮѧԺʦѧȫǱɫ
˵ʵÿ˻ѧԺչĲʲô㣬ǵǰЩ˵ʱǷԼȻԶԡ
ѧԺû⣬ѧԺѾܺˣҶЩ⡣ڣǾҪѧԺĸãԲЩ⣬Щ⣬û̫˵ΪѾڵʹˣؼôЩ⣬ҲǽҪ˵ĹؼǴ˴δص㡣
ǿ˿Ĭʦѧǣʵ֪ؼĻԺ⡣
һԺһѧԺꡣ
ʲôԺҲ;˻ʲôѧԺͺʹһһӵꡣ
ǿ˿ʱ䣬ȻڣǽҪ˵ľνЩ⣬һҲҶѧԺδļƻʹ㣬Ҳϵÿһʦѧ档
һʦѧʱȫע
Ͼ漰ÿ飬ûܲ£ʦһ


1857 ȫԺʦᣨ£
ǽʼһʦ飬Ԥһ֮ڣȫְʦ屶һ㣬ѧԺ磬ԼǵǰƸʦñǳļλ𣬷硢Ҷˣ֮һЩǿߵȵȣǶѧԺҪƸĿꡣ
˵֪ʵҪϵͳ
һ֮ڰѽʦȻѶȲСȻΪڿǿǩԼ飬ʦĻʵĻѶȲƸʮʦ׾ٵ顣
ѧǶԴȻϲʦǵ࣬ѧԺʦߣܵõĽҲ͸á
Դˣѧǹơ
ǵ˵ͷڶʦԺѧԺʦԴ󣬳츳ƬԴԴʦԼĹֵһͬʱһʦͼݵȨޣһЩߵȽ׵ĹҲȫʦš⣬רŵʦѵγ̣ڶʦǽдɡ
ǵĻû˵꣬ʦǱѾ˼ҵ
ѧԺ֮ǰʦĴʵǺһ㣬ڴȵǵĴʹʦͻƾҲס
ǵƽϢ֮󣬻֮ǰѧԺԲλʦΪѧԺԴޣȽѧѧԺԴ㣬ѾûбҪٶʦԴп˿ۡȻʦǵõ˳ԴϣʦҲܲϵԼʹԼڿθɫȣձƣԼѧҲһܿص飬ΪʦҪüͺñǿµķһһڶײǺϸʦ
ʦЩ
˵ʵв˵ڿζ⣬Ҳûа취飬Ϊ¾еʦҲ⡣
˵ʦ⣬ʼѧǵ⣺ѧ֮ľѧԴбЩѧԺһЩٴ롣һѧԺڲᶨʱٰһЩñ󷨡ĵȣÿαȡùھѧʺ㽱ѧǳȥֱѧԺٰһЩⷽıμӣΪѧԺȡѧԻѧԺʺ㽱ͻƾ磬һЩǿ󹦷ѧԼнѧʽģѧԺѧԺɫѧ㽱ЩƽƽѧǼ㽱
һ˵ţѧѪڣȻһ㣬ǶǸоһɾ޴ѹ
ֱǿԽǿԽ
ҪǲŬһϡԴԵˡ
ѧ߳ȥѧȫĺġѧԺѧԺѧԺ涨ÿ꼶ѧҪһ꼶֮ʱ䡣޷ﵽ涨ʱ䣬һ꼶һӲԹ涨⣬ѧԺᷢһЩӲԹ涨ñѡ޵Ŀγսȵȡ
˵ʱ򣬲ѧɵˡ
ЩѧԺ֮аླ㣬˿̸оһ㱩ⲻҪǵô
ǿɲЩѧǱĸǿǱġڵ꼶ѧ̫ˣǸвѧһеһ·˸вֻͱս֮ѧԺʵѧԽԽˣҪԭ򣬱ϾǿɶǴʬɽѪս֮߳ģЩ꼶ѧ޷Щ
ģѧԺһЩսѧǵ־ԵԲοǿͨźͻþÿѧԺѧЩսҲΪѧѧǰʱڵĻģһЩѧӢļҵ֤һ
˵ʱ򣬿вѧɾʮ㣬ԼĻˣвѧѾһ԰ס
ЩǵõѧԺԴͬҲǵѹˡ
˵ʮһ㣬漰ѧԺķ档
˵һѧԺѧԺ꼶Ķλ͹滮СѧСѧҪѧ˼ȥԺСѧøȽĿγ̡ǳв˳вҪǿ۽磬ȻȷԼδڳвҪһȽϿ֪ʶ棬һѧԺʦԳвѧѡȡһЩض鼮ڳвɳвѧҵʱÿһвѧҪϸжꡣȻǸв˸вľһԺǿĹؼʱڣʱҲ˵ģΨŬŬڸвǲ£ͻƵ˽ɾ磬ԺĴѧҲͷˡ
˵ʱĿ˿вѧ
еӼﵽ˿ͻƵɵżͻͻˣ˴ѧЩ˺ڵġ
ʵѧǾҪһ񵱳һȷǳⶼûмͻƣ˵ڶһȷ編֮ͻƵĽɾ磬ǿɼһߡЩһȷͻƵˣ˶ȷȷ򣬿Ҳûһ˾ͻͻƾġ
ȷͻƵɾ·磬ԺֲǼΪѵ顣
ĴѧҲҽ콲һص㡣ԴѧʱΪʵÿ˵ѾͣѧԺʦ̵ܽѾ࣬ĻҪǣʦܸǵĲһЩϡǴѧѧҪʲôʵԼĹ֮Уϵȥ̽ͷܣࡣԣԴѧԺҪԸʦоΪγһ١ҪȷһѧԺİѧּǾǷİأ̽δ֪о仯Ĺɣ׷
˵ʱǼء
ΪĿǰ֮ûоЩˣֻǰһֱǿֶΣѧԺһѧԺЩһֳ̬
ѧԺڵ壬Ҳֻ֪ĸ࣬ѧԺſܸǿ
˵ǼԺԴѧʦҲҪߣӵнΪܵδѧʦһЩĳЩʦнΪĴѧʦᱻŵвν̡δ֮ѧԺͻⷽезҪĴѧʦҲҪԼó򣬿չо⣬ÿ˵Ŀⲻ
ٴѧʦǺܿġ
û˿γ̷ʵѧоҲӵ˸ԡ
ʱˣΪʲô˵ҪչоĿˣԭԺЩǴѧĳ̬ˡ
ҲǣѧʦܽǵʵѾ٣ñѧԺҲһʦ
ȴѧѧ˿ҲǺܿģоԶЩܶԼûаĿγ̺õöࡣ
Ͷ
˵ʱ򣬿˴ѧѧ˵Ҿ˵һ´ѧԺҲǴѧҵԺѧԺⷽİš˵ܴӴѧҵʱҲ˽ľ磬൱񾳽磬Ϊ磬֮ԱˣԷѧѧԺѧԺʽҵѧԺҲǰ䷢ҵ֤㲻ѡҵһ뵽ѧΪﵽ˽۷ڴѧѧϰʱﵽһʱ䣬ѧԺҲǽǿƱҵʱѧԺͬʱֹͣǵһԴӦѧԺ۵ԼѧϢҲա
˵ʱԵܸоѧѧЩء
ѧԺҵǶûпǹ飬ҲòˣΪҵʵѾôңԶˡ
ҵô£˱ҵ˻뿪ѧԺѧԺô죿һ취һӦƸΪѧԺʦѧԺˣǷѧԺƸҪ󣬿Уν̣ǵСѧвǸвڴѧν̣ѧԺÿ˵аš
ʱ򣬲ٵĴѧѧѾϲ
ѧԺν̣ǻѧԺˣԺȻܵѧԺร
ǵȴѧѧྲȻǵڶ·رѧѧԺ׼ⲿѧޣǵ㼰ѧϢᱻǼѧԺĸߡЩѧҲٽκηѧϰҪиоǶоѧԺָһЩоĿҲһЩԼչġѧԺ޵ģһڹ涨ıҵʱڣͻƵ߼磬ҲĿǰ֮е硣ڶѧԺԣһΪԹ٣ͨС
ʱ˲Ծ뵽һʣо
Ƕе˼
ЩѧϰõֱӱҵѧϰɼõļѧԺС
ǽû˵ΪѾҳһ࣬ٴѧѧڰͨ
˴˿ҲЩأЩɼȽѧʵҲұ֤һѧԺС
ϾͻƵҲô׵ġ
ˣžˣĻһЩϸѧԺơǵǽȫԺʦȫݣûĻɢɡ
ֻǻ䣬ѧһѧ֡
ϸһǾƣֻڨڨԺҪǴѧѧʱûдﵽѧԺеñΪǴѧҵ֮ȴͻƵ˽߼磬ǻûлᵽѧԺ죿
ѧҲ۾һǰǵʱΪ޷ѧԺȥǴѧҵ֮ﵽ˽߼ľҲǲܡ
ǿ˿ƣ˼һµⲿֵѧѧԺпˣͨҲǲܼѧԺ죬˻ϸܶࡣ
Ŷ
Ƶ˵ͷпǾ͸ⲿѧһЩϣ
вѧʦʣЩһһ𣬽ɢʱǻشⳬٸʱҲʮСʱ

ѧԺطѧҲλݡ
Сѧ棬Сѧ˽
ˮƽôߣѧԺҪ󷨷ı϶ܻòٵ㽱
̽ܣķˮƽҲܸ߰ʱ϶Ҳܻ㽱
ţʵҾѧԺ߶Щѧ̫ˡ
ҾҲǡ

в棬ŮһĪչ
κѧҪһ꼶ﵽһʱУûгѧԺĴţɲˡ
ǰҲûоʲôսԼһƿ
УǱҪı䡣
ǵģȻѧԺǴȥˣȰ˶пܡ
˵Ȱˣ˶ĵһǾԸ⿴顣

в棬һȺš
˼ˣЩ˻ѧʱ乻ôսôѡ޵Ŀγô
ԺЩѧԺӵѧ˼ˡ
źǿߺ
ѧԺҪԴ

ѧ档
ҵЩѧѧǱŵˡ
ѧҵʮа˾ŻѧԺ죬ǿɾˡҾѧԺʦʲôģѧԺһҪ
ǰ뵽ѧҵҾͺµĲС
˽ɾ磬ȷʵܻѧԺˡ
УѣȡУʦɣڲҪʲôʦʸ֤
ʦʸ֤
˶Цĳ
̸ŻδҲԽԽ֮ǰôã
ȷʵ˵ģȫԺʦ˵ЩݣѧԺ˷ĵ
ϸ涨˸꼶ѧһͱ뾭ʱ䣬սȵȣеѧΪЩӲñսȵȣѾϧ澺ˢˡ
ѧԺʼ֯ı꼶ѧ
һʱ֮䣬ѧԺѧǿ񻶵̨
⣬ѧԺҲıžٰڣɽڣϣܰЩ·չΪ漶¡
һԾѧԺƶȰ䲼ȥһʱѧԺͰ䲼˳ƶȣǰʮѧԺӺ޶ƶȵܺ͡
ѧԺϢĸıţѧԺѧ綼Ϊ֮һ䡣
ڱѧŬȥȡԼҪԴ

ѧµĹ涨ҪѧʦҪﵽľ磬൱֮е񾳽硣
ʵѧԺϵʦ̫٣Ƕż߼
дѧѧԴ֮ѧԺзҪĴѧʦоĿڳˡ
ЩĿоʱ䣬ٵҲҪ꣬Ķﵽ˼ꡣ
ѧԺҪÿѧѧҪѡһоĿоѡ
ʦǵоĿһѧԺ涨ģһʦԼҪоݣʦԼҪоݱ뾭ѧԺ֮
ȻΪԺҲһλʦҲչоĿ
ĿһȽ׵»붨壨ʮˣ
Ŀıоʮˣ
ĿһϻرעҪо
׿ʱѾ֪ˣҪоĿǵоĿʱһʱ˱
ѧȻҲ׷ױÿѧֻܱʮĿʮĿѡѡѧѧԺָоĿҲҪѧԺ
ЩȻҪʦȥȻѧԺĽѧϵͳɣܿҲ˽


1858 ѧԺоĿ
ڽĵһʱ䣬׾յѧԺϵͳ͵ʼ
ϲ㣬ͬѧѾԺĿȽ׵»붨壩ѡУΪоԱ֮һϣȫȫĸԺооɹύ֮ѧԺĿо֮Ĺ׸ۣ⽫ֱӹϵܻõĽͰɣͬѧ
ײԾЦˡ
Ƚ׵»붨塯ĿĿʵ֮ǰǾоѾһĳɹĿʱˡĿӦǶĿģᵽĿһɹûС
رעһĿоʱ䣬һ굽ꡣ
ܸôʱ䣬׾Լһܽ١
ĵطѧҲյѧԺϵͳ͵ʼ
ϲ㣬ͬѧѾŮʦĿ츳ĿоѡУΪоԱ֮һϣȫȫĸŮʦооɹύ֮ѧԺĿо֮Ĺ׸ۣ⽫ֱӹϵܻõĽͰɣͬѧ
ϲ㣬ͬѧѾʦĿַںµѡУΪоԱ֮һϣȫȫĸʦооɹύ֮ѧԺĿо֮Ĺ׸ۣ⽫ֱӹϵܻõĽͰɣͬѧ
һһоĿû뵽ֻͨҲǵоĿĿȻûͨͨŮʦоĿʵ⣬ΪŮ֮ǰо󣬶Žص䡷͡ʥķٰԼύŮ洡
ƣͨŮʦоĿģƶΪŮʦСҲûа취顣
ڽʦоĿʵͦģΪ汾ԴԽԽף編ǳ֮⣬ȷȷҲʮ֡ʵЩȻѾˣ編ǳ򣬶ƾЩΪ࣬ЩڶûκôΪ֪ôʹ
ҪоĶַںµʵܷڵǵоɹǵһߡ
ƣҲӦͨѡεԭ
ΪѧԺ涨ÿѧֻܲоĿѾʵѾ㲻ˡ
ס
Ҳϵͳ͵ϢϢһ㶼⡣
ϲ㣬ͬѧѾʦĿɷѡУΪоԱ֮һϣȫȫĸʦооɹύ֮ѧԺĿо֮Ĺ׸ۣ⽫ֱӹϵܻõĽͰɣͬѧ
ϾѧԺĿǰɷҲһˣҲͼɷ
ǵĿһ࣬˴ⷽҲҪһжʮѧооȻʮҪǸвѧ
ĿʱǾ֪˼ɷѧȻּɡ
ʦ
ԱߣС૵ȻЩҲ˺ʦĿǲûͨԺĿȽ׵»붨塯ʥʦġ֮оҸˡ
Ц㲻ɷһϵûУʦŹ֡
СȶʱЩʧҪֿˡ
˵ţСȱסϾ˾࣬ηֱ֮ٴʱܶǼ֮ˡ
οǴѧҵ֮󣬾ҲûǷֿˡҿһ£ǵʱҪôֱѧԺУҪôһʦеĻǾһ֮˴Ҳֿ
Сصĵ˵ͷ

ҦܵסҲյѧԺϵͳ͵ʼ
ϲ㣬ҦͬѧѾϼʥʶľʦĿʥķͳƣѡУΪоԱ֮һϣȫȫĸľʦооɹύ֮ѧԺĿо֮Ĺ׸ۣ⽫ֱӹϵܻõĽͰɣҦͬѧ
ҦܿʼЩʧ䡣
ΪҲǵоĿΪʮþȣû뵽ֱӾѡˡ
ܱľʦѡоʥҲе֮ҪʥɣʥԽ֮֮࣬ҲԽǿĿרΪһҦ֪϶Լˣľʦǹ򣬶һʥԴͷоĳԣΪԼ
ѧҲԼҪоĿ
ñȺͱѪʦѡУоѪĿ⣬Ҳ޼ѡУоռ䷽Ŀ⣬ֵƾȻҶѡУоĿ֤ĿԷҲ֪ƾʲôϵؼƾҶһұһҲա

ѧҪоĿ֮󣬽ôоȻҪʦš
ÿһĿѧԺҲ˾Ԥ㣬ٵĶһڲྦྷ𲽣ĸǴﵽڲྦྷԴûٸôԴҽȥˣҪʲôо˵ʵҲýÿһʦҲء
ѧԺһоĿѧԼ
Ҫʮ㵽ھŵʱ׾͵ˣ֪ǲʮǲġֻ׵˵ʱ򣬷־ȻѾ˵ˣһֻивѧΪ磬һǴѧѧҲϤٹ֮һʮ־ͨ󷨵ѧԺѧѧԺսʤš
ף
׳ֵһɲǣٹ֮ٿŹӣವһ¾վˡ
ҲǴѧѧˣҲŽɶΪ֪Լ׸ǰȫģϾ䶼׻ˡ˵ˮƽⷽҲ΢׸߳ôһ㣬ҲֻǰԱˡ
ף
вѧ֣һ
֪ѡвѧоĿһû뵽֮⣬˾Ȼס
Ǻá
˵ţ˵˵ͷ
ٹ֮û˵вѧ
ѧҽţܣв꼶ѧ֮ǰһμӹ׵硣
Ŷ׵Ա
ЩĿ˿ţܵ꣬Է׵Աǲչһ¡
ֻţʱЩڨڨǵûУҾû˸ãתͷȥѾ˸в꼶ˡ
Щɵۣ˵ʲôΪ˸֪ң˵׵粻У˸
ٹ֮Ҳɵˣ⺩òУôҲɵġ
ʱԱߵǸвѧѧҽ֣в꼶ѧһֱܳ㡣
׿˿ֵԷЩ󣬲˿˵ʱոպãû׺ţ֮ΣӦòżȻԷЩġ
ãԺǿԶཻ
ֵļ򣬾Ҳнս֪Լ׻ǸвѧҪЩвѧ򽻵С
ţõģѧ
׵ĻЩԱߵٹ֮Ҳ۾һ⵹һȤС
һᣬˡ
һһŮģеľȻѧԺвĽɣֽѧʱٹ֮΢ôһ㣬ҲŽһΪŮĽ˼ѧԺĺ֮㣬ոսСǧͻƾ硣
ѧҲ½
ŵʮʱСˣ񿴵СЩ⡣
ף
Сȿͬ⣺ô⣬ѵҲͨԺѡΣҪ뵽ԺоĿ֮У
׵˵ͷţĿһ
СЦЦĿĻһøԺоģöЩСᣬҶʶûû뵽ڣͦôˣ˵׵类˶ȨˣǸ˭ţԽģҪҪҸ͵͵رһ١͵͵ظ㣬Ҵ޹ѧһϢıòطʱ֪˭ɵġ
󣬶ɵˣæɱ۸ңҰ˺òá
͵͵ظô˵ôԱߵЩѧ˺òá
ȵ汻ˣһǱɵĶ
СŶһȴȻЩԾԾԵӡ
Աߣ˶˵Сȵ֣СȱΪСħŮе⣬ڵǾһ㲻ˣ⿪ھҪȥ˵ķѧԺҵڶˡ
СȽ㡣
ʱһȺѧкġѧԡѧԺԣǧҪϲС
СȻ˻֣һνӣЩʵûɶȤ
ʱת۵ʮֻǵӰԶ
ǣ˰ҪоĿվãĿСΪײ֣ϾСΨһһλѧ꼶ѧĿһĶ棬λѧѧȻûһվǰģһĶǳźʵ˿ЦãԼ±ˡ
Ҳʲôûɰڶ³ô
׾ãЩ֮ԺԼԼʵһ棬һƻСȵԭ
ոСһֱ͸ˣ˭ףǾǺΪУҲ֪С⻹⣬׻ЩмģԼԱ಻Ҫ鷳
˰ɡ
ǿ˿ߣøʮˣǺãҽһ¡
˵ţʾĿһȿʼ
Ҳϻͽֻһӵʱ䣬˵һԼĴڳ˶ϤЩʵûбҪ֮һλѧһ꼶ѧɶΪֽ裬ѧ磬һֱܵ͵ѧ֣ȻΪͣڵ꼶ͣǽܵʱȴ˵ĺϸԼѧǰùٿ֪ʶһȽ鶼˳Ҳ˿Цá
ĿĽܣСȿʼһֱȫǴѧѧ
ǵ˽֮󣬵˵ͷ
ЩѧѡģҲĿЩģЩѧϢʵҲ˽⡣
˿ˣǻڸոգѾĿоļƻ鷢ǵѧ̨ΪͬʱչоĿĿһʵĿĵݽһĹϵԣĿһĿһΪĿʱֱĿһĲݣص۽ˣоƻҲᵽЩȸԿһ£һСʱ֮ڼƻʲô˽ĵطԶҽʡ
λѧҵ飬ϾֻһСʱʱ䣬ǵʱǾˡ
ҲһϸĿ
оĿдĲ࣬һ־оۻڶоļƻ漰˲ɼݣ֤ȵȡֽľǽԼõĵط
ԽԽľǿ󣬽дţȷȽףҵȽ׵ǷߵԵĵȽȽ׿вѧ߶ǲǾܱսһѧ߶ǲǾ
ȻҲֻǲ²⣬ˣǾЩˡ
״˿ЩоЩˣЩоɹܴĺôֱǾ޴ģʹ츲صı仯
ֲѧԺҪĸҪоҪչôĿѧԺڵ壬ѧԺ꼶ѧҪɵ顣
ѧԺ֣ѧԺȻȫǿġ
棬վ˭յ࣬˭ģ֪ʶѹƣӹŲĵ
һСʱʱܿȥĻع
ƶļƻ飬Ȼкܶ಻ƵĵطĿǰоĻҲ㹻ˣҺҲ᲻ϵơǿݣѾ֪оЩĿĺ塣ʦоĿʵҲһκһĿ˳ɹܸѧԺĺôһЩྦྷԺġ֪оһ˳ģܶоļһʼǴģо˼꣬Ҳֻ֤ȷʵ⣬ûκʵԵĳɹ
˵ҲЩء
˳ɹȻǺãĿõҪĽǿѧѧ
ˣع⡣ЦЦҲѧôѹֻҪ˵оûгɹŶǵаġʲô⣬ˡ
ĿʲôĵطʣԺÿ˶
ñȴѧʱʦҪش⣬Щѧ֪𰸣ȴҲδظҾһ
ԥʱλֵѧˣԺҿоĿĿȽ׵»붨塯ҡҵϹ֪ҲĿʲôʲôæ
⻰˶Щɵˣٹ֮һ
ոٹ֮ΪֺܴȴһôҲɵģ㲻֪ܲ뵽Ժо֮ô֮ô˵ԼûãɶɲˣⲻԺˣ˵զģӱ¿˰ɡ
֮ǰҲǽüͷȴЦˡ


1859 ǰ
ȷʵ˼˵ЩɵģԺѡдʱʣָҴ˼
ǿ֣ѿһУЦЦ֮ѡ㣬λţܣףʵΪ϶쳣׵ǱǺܺõоôô
ͷûˣҾûˡ
׺ţʱҲЩɻϷ쳣׵ļٵģ
˿λ򱱣Ժļƻ֮до֮У
ʱҲˣоصȷʵѡӡ
˵ʵ֮ȥ֮е˺١
ǵ˵ͷǵģȷ֮Уԣڶ࣬мطʺȥⷽоûĻǻᾡǰӡ
һûȥӰھȥӿ̫ˡţʱ˷ޱȵ
ȴûôֹۣʲôطʱûĵطԴḻҲζŸӵΣա
Сȵν޹ʥŮҰôûмʱ뵽ˣѡĿо·ɣ˳ۡ
Խ룬Խþģֱûˡ
ѧ½½ʮ⡣
һһ֮󣬵û֮ǻȥ׼һ£Ԥһ֮ǾʽǰӡСȣӱȽϤһ㣬ʱ·ˡ
СԶԣıԼˡ

λѧʦҲڰĿ飬ѧ֮ǰӵæµ
ʱ䵽һʮ죬һвĿѧյ֪ͨ׼ˣǰӡ
Ǵ˴ѡȥĵطˣһĹһλ
ȥ֮ǰλѧҲռⷽϡ
ʵһһɣЩĹٶ硣
˱վŵľ˵ʵһλֻǶλ˭ûȨ޲鵽
ϾϢҲǾܵġ
峿һ磬СѾϵˣû취ԺݰҲܲ¡
ѧ֮СȿǣԼһ˪
۾һھǵ˪㣡
˪ףȻѾŮ˵糤Ů˵ڶ糤ְλֻмλ糤ܿ˪Ů˵ĵλڣ˪ԺˣǶŮ˶бӻ˪ɺӼŵʱÿ궼ΪŮעһžѡǵڣ˪Ѿپ帺ɺӼŵ񣬿ʾѴûжϹ
СΪŮ˵ĸ糤˪Ҳǳ𾴡
ѧԺһСᣬŮ˪ЩŮѧ档
ʱɿһµԺ˪䵱ҵо֣ڲĿоڼ䣬һеĻѡоϵȵȣ˪
λѧ󣬶Щ˷ܡ
Ժ˶ˣǿǵоܲһ㣬Ҳǳ
ϣСȻҰǵ˵ֻ˵ѧԺʦĿǰҪѧϰ
ΪСȵˣʵҲıڣ˿̿ǣԼֻ񾳽ΪЩСܸѧϰʲôСȣڻ޹޹ô񣬸˭ѧϰá
񣬵ȵ֮ʹ˻޹СȵоģһжҪ͵ʱ򲻽ǲҪȥԼҲҪݡ
һȻ͵ʥŮôСİȫǸģڻȥ飬Ǹ޷潻֪ѧԺѧȻҲѧԺʦİȫ޹ʥŮʥʥŮû֮ǰǱİȫ𡣡
޹ʥʥŮǿ˵޹ϣ
СһΪ޹ʥŮʮλһλ벽棬ȫκġ
СԱߣѧԺѧǳĽͬѧԺѧСѾѾԳ֮Ϊ콾ˣǻ
ǸʦѧϰģǸңӰ̫Ҹûúѧϰ˵ˣûǵıһۣǶҳ֣ȻҶ棬ظʮӻǿԵģʮӵʱ㹻ʦˡСЩͷ˵
С˵ʦ𣬲ʱһ
Сȵʦǲ档
ҲЩĽЩʥʥŮ飬涼֣ҪΣգ˶ǰ
һ£ǼֵʥŮеô˵ģҲҪʱģʱ϶Σô죿
СȶʱɫãЩϵ
˪˹ҪһС߱İȫ˾ȫ޹
Сȿ˿˪˪ĻȻᷴ
񿴵СѾҲЩڣԼҲ֪СȵĿ޶˵ĵСȣԲʲô¡
ʱҲټ֣˵ͷͬ˪顣
СȺ˪ȥһ졣
˪ʩչһƣЦЦҶ޹Щ˽ģλ˵ˣʵҲʵģЩ޹һӽЩʥʥŮʵջ뵽ЩߡǱָһӣԺҲǰ;ڰϻȥ治˵ԹҲʧȥ˽ߵĻᣬȻԸ⡣ΪʥŮȻ㲻ʲôʵܶ˵˶Ϊı䣬Դǲ⣬ҲҪ̫пܵĻܰͰһǣ˵Ժǻ벻Ļر
˪˵ЩСܲס
ЩˣҲ񲮸ǰ벽ĸĵˡ
ֻǽԼӶѡ
֪ˡСȾҲǣԼԺܻҪ޹ܳһʱ䣬Լѧҵ֮˵Ҫ޹ְʲôģȷʵ̫
֪ôˡ
СȺ˰ڵʮλ񣬽ոѾ˵˰ɣΪҴ˴γѧϰģҪ͵Ҫô˸档Ծֻ˲ȫ޹ǱϾҵˣص޹Ҳһ鶼ûˡԺÿ꣬һһݻȥǴȥҵʦһ¡ͬʱÿ꣬ҲȥֱݷһҵЩʦʦ㣬ʺã֪ô
񣬰˶ɵˡ
ʲô
תǶǴϲСȵЩʦʦ㣬ʱ΢õһָ㣬㹻ˡ
ԼĽҪԼҲܻȥÿһΣˣܼһΰɡ
ǿϧˣԼոշҪġ
ֻת뵽ʲôȻ˿һԵ˪
Ǻ˽СȵģλֵʥŮ϶뵽Щһ˪ոոСȵġ
˪Щм
ûоͲЩ޹ײ˵ʲôġ
СȻ˻֣˵ʲôֻҪɵЩ˿϶˼

ڲϵغţһ·żܼҷɴǶԷһۣΪλ·ŵĶ˱ᣬҿԣһ·ϼûκεĵ飬ҲԽԽʱѾԵĸоԽԽŨѾڵʱ򲻿ͬն
ǰ档
ǿźãǺӣĿ⴩ЩǳǺĿռ䡣
ʵռҲѧԺоһҪĿ⣬ǳļλչⷽоһλʦרоռĲ
ռ䵽жٲ㣿
ƿؿռĳ̶ȣʵͿͨж
ĿǰռŲƺͿռԾֻõ˵һĿռ䣬ʵռٻռ䣬ΪѾԴĿռ䡣
ʦ
Ƕͺ˹
ûлͷָָǰǰ治ԶӦþˣӦ֮г֮гİɣ
һ£һԼĹ˵ͷ
ȷʵصصӺ
Сȥսʱһ֮⡣
ЦЦðһ䣬˶೤ʱĲླ磿
ʵѾ漰˽һ˶ѯʱ
ûΪླһֵý飺Űֻ꣬˾Ű˲ླ磬һһλԽȥҵڶǵú
ǵ˵ͷǵģֻ˾ŰͻƵ˲ླ磬ʱһʸ޹ˡǽ㻨һԪʱ񾳽磬ȻȴͣͲǰѾȥʮԪҲǽӽʱ䡣
񲻾һЩ̿֡
ŵĿǣޱȵ㡭ô֪Щ


1860 ӡ
ǿ˿ûмŻش𲮸⡣
˿ƺˣң
˵ţϲԾͷųһѹΪǲ񾳽磬ѹɪɪ˭֪ƺûиܵѹһȻƵɫ޳
ĵ׻ˡ
ƺûô򵥣һ޷ݵѹҪ͸ȫѹһֶ
޷⣬ĵ׵ηȴԲƭ˵ġ
ʱЩЦоѹһǿ߶߽ĻͷԼѹ߹еһԵʱëһߵѹʵһ־ѹѹʵӳԴĵطꡣ˵һԴһͨͷųȥѹԴȥһ⣬Դ͸Է壬סԷ꣬ԷоһΣܶԾͻĵ׷η塣
ţȫ±ˣⶼʲôʲô
ҲܲԹԵ֪ѹôγɵģʵǾѹһЩӦãñʶ
˵ţ˲
˲ֻо췭ظԼȫԼƿأԼǱϳ塣
ˢһ£˫ȷ̱˵ϡ
û°ɣ
ջԼʶ־ͰѲ˿̵ĲѾ亹ֱֻоǰ˾ħһʱԶ
ոһ˲䣬ԼҪĸо
㡭㵽˭
ôֻһԲܡ
˿̿ǣѾ˾衣
ǺЦѧԺʦ֮ǰǽܹô
ʱԶԡ
ȷʵܹʦҲ̫һˡ
εҡҡͷǼص֮ǰ⣬ô֪ϢʵǴϿġǾͨʱ䷨򣬵Ҳ޷쵽δΪδǲȷģǹȥѾͣϵһж޷ıģЩʵм¼ġǴʱ䳤֮УץȡһЩȥϢ֪񾳽ѾͣͲǰʮԪ
˵ţǵǰһץƺסʲôֻǲʶеĶûκζ
ǰ˰֣㲻ⲻʶġ
ܴôǸǰ׶԰Сһ˵ʲôʲôȫǲ
˵ʲôתˡ
ܺͲô࣬ʵûԭǾò񻹲Ѳ˸ߡ
ⲻ̵ѣȸһò֪֮ԺòԸΪѧԺʦ
ʱֹȥĸСʱȻǾһĤһȻ˾ͿǰѾӡ
ֻǰԣ纣һţǵķ۱֮кУ˿ȴΪһҺϵִ
ӭӡ
СЦЦʼҽ˵һӣʵҲǺӣǿЩǺˮĶʵһֻ˶ʡʶ嶼кǿĸʴԣλ֮ˮĸʴһȽѵ飬ԴòҪ׽뵽档
⻰ѧǶǿ֮ˮǿɫҺ壬ʵܰ嶼ֽ
֮Уʬ޴档
Щ֮ˮȻ£ӵ֮ҲΪǵĴڡʵʱ޿̶Щȫ޺ġôӣһ֮Ǻģ൱ñһĲྦྷϡ
ʱҲǵʥŮ˵Ĳ֮ˮʴԺǿƬ̻û£ʱһĽ嶼Ҫ֮УЩѾӦ֮ˮûˮ¾סǴ󶼾ס֮еһϣЩǾ޴ޱȣһСĵܶһϵСЩҲ֮Ϊ½֮ûģֻһĴ½
˶˽Щѽܡ
ֻǺǰľȻ˸о𺳲ѡ
Ǹ磬ܸоڲϵسţٶȼ졣˪Ȼ۰棬ܸӦ֣Ϊӳչʱ򣬰Ҳڲϵ
汾Դ𽥱ʹѾ޷ܿӣŲ˵Ǳ汾ԴȫʱҲ᳹ʧʱЩ֮ˮҲʵʹƽǽ͵ЩݳĽӦò
Ŷ˪˵ͷƣûܹ

ʥŮǾͻȥˡںСȸڿСȵ񶼲һˡ
߰ɣ߰ɣһȥʱһûУСһǡСвʮһɫô׵ô
ߺСҲ˻һҵͨɴ
ǰ
ǵ˵ţɴһȥӾ޴ޱȣҪҪʱһ¡
Ͼɴٶ˺ܶ࣬۸ûȡ
һ죬֮˴磬ľˣ˴˺׵һЩһ׳Ĵײ˷ɴ
û£ɴȴǱײһӡ
ǿ㣬ӲӵģϵĽһǲһ㡣
˿̴ĳڷɴϣôβ

׿ЩǴһȭ˹ȥȻͨһȭҲȭʽ
һȭȥ˴ϣĴҽʱҲѳһȭƺûж飬ȻҲӻ֮ȥβһڷ׳
һȻУֱ۶ˡ
һĻǶ̲סúЦ㵹׺ݣԸԿ
ѧȴǿļѣܿ׳֣Ǻѵõһλᡣ
ʱ֮ܵһ࣬ǳ֮Ϊ㣬ǻ۲ߣ͵ĺܡǳӲȶױԴʵҲĶܿȲ׵λ񡣵Ȼ֮еﶼǿ󣬲ȻǸ޷֮档󲿷£㶼ǳȺûΪ̺żԣԱգ֮ҲרŲ׽Ĳࡣ
ڽţǱȴŭˡ
Ȼһˣ˿ôôˣǾͳ׷˹ȥҪնɱˡ
ǽ㿴׹ϵƲλˣҲܺλ񶷶׵Ķ֣˿һ뵽֮С
һҪܣҲϷŹԷȻһͷҲ֮С
ѧϾ֮ǰСȾ˵ӵˮܳˮмǿĸʴԡ
ʱȴֹˣõģֻǼӵĻܰ׵ʴ
˵ͷһֻҪһСʱû£ܴʮСʱҿλͬѧΪߣһܾͨƺﵽ弶һʱᣬ¡
ʱǣҲûͷʶ뵽֮¿׵Ͼ֮ˮʶܸʴ
Źȥӣֻ״֮һԾ𣬶ļŸո㣬㱻ԴˣӦûˡ
ѧһĻȫǻ
ɾʱֻӵˮȻӿǴ֮һĽɫӰ
һĻ񵱼ǳ׺гȺĽ㣬ֽǻ۲ߣǳԲСǵͬ࣬ǿ϶Ҫ㡣
ȻһһȺ
ЦЦʱҲע⵽˽¡
ųǸϹȥʱֻһȺȺĽȻֱȥ
ӵγһɫĳţӳޱȡ
״˿̶ɵˣô㣬Ƕ֣ŵľͳȥЩҲһЩյֶΣȻֱ׷ϼ
ʲô飬ôս뵽ӣǵһȺ㡣ЦãʦѷɴգȻЩҪɴˡɴϾۣһƾҪױˡ
šǵ˵ͷ߶ɴѸԶһƬ
ʱǱߣСȿȥˣȺһ˹ȥֻĻգĽоΣգವӡ
ʱڵ˿϶æ˻
飡
㱻ӵ˷ɴϣʱ׾Ȼ㣬ûӡ
ЦЦող˵ͦζģһ᳢
Ǻ˪˻ãЩѧǼޱȣڴֲླʲôζȷʵڴ
ɴѸʻƬ򣬴ҲԸԳƷζĽ㣬һ˪ѧԺһλѡ˳տγ̵ѧµĳôһζ
ļ죬ҵһ顣
㣡
ɴڷţȴһ㹳֮д
ӴѧҲѧģҲһߣȻĴ
Ϲˣ󣬴㡭ҿץסˣ죬һ¡ţֻܵ˱ԤУͨ죬ϾҪ뵽ˮˡ
ٹ֮һ˹ţץס͡
˵ûмֵһӣֻ˾ͱ˳ȥֱӴӷɴ˦˳ȥ
ô㡣
Сȶ۾һ˷ޱȡ
˵ţзɳһӣӷɳȥһӾͲסٹ֮ţܡ
קק
СȼѣѧСȵĻﻹ
ֻһȺѧǰκһס˴㣬һıקţܺٹ֮Ҳֱص˷ɴϡ
˼ȷʵСЦЦͣϾҪ¶ˮˣ˵ǽҪӲˡ
͡ҲǺ߲Լֱϣֱ۶յķˡ
һԿȤôѧԺѧЭͬսһ㣬Ǹܷ顣
ôӣȻûм뵽Ӵ
ˮˣ
֪˭һֻԶˮȻըһǧ׳ĺɫӰˮ档
ӴһɫƬȣһǧ׳Ƶβͣ޴֮ȫһļ̣Ǻˡ
ӰڿУЩѧ˿ȫըˣϸзġɳɳĦ


1861 񽧣о
񲻾۾һǾ޳֮һֺ͵࣬ҼѲ׽Ϊ޳Ǳصӵײɳ֮УλǱصӵײҲ޷ôû뵽ǾȻô׾͵һ޳򣬻޳Ӧλ۷ʵɲöԸ
ʵѧǸոҲԼСɲ鵽һ¾޳Ϣǲ˵ģ޳ȷʵöԸ
ԭܼ򵥣޳ƤһβͿԻסǿᱻȶױԴβͶķ飬ȻݺܼӲͺֿܴӦĵˣ˸û취
ʱСȴΪЩ˵޳ѪǺܸߵȼƷģģܺúȣ޳⾧Ө͸ζƬ϶һҵôһ޳򣬹ҪѰǧ꣬ô׾һͷˡ˸һϣˡ
˵ţСȳȥ
Ҳûԥų˾޳򣬶Եĸо޳򲻺ɱװѱ˳
ѧȻҲǳȥž޳Χɱ
޳򷢳ŭ˻ѧǾһ飬һԿȴǾζ
ֺţܣ˸вѧ֪Ƕ֣һʩչɷλȻ˲ٵá
ƣ
״һǹֱӴ̴˾޳壬޳ȻûȥһβͰһԵٹ֮˳ȥ
ʱ򷽱ʩչ뷢ֱӰѾ޳۾Ϲˡ
޳ûʶ۾֮󣬷ذڶ壬ˣȻӻغѧôôˣ˲ַȫкȥʮ˲ϵع֮£޳ƤֱӾͱˡ
ɵƯ
С˵ţһӳž޳˹ȥǸոסٹ֮ţܵıӡ
ȥ˾޳Դϣֻ޳򷢳һҽУڿз˼ʮȦȻһˡ
ٹ֮׳ŵӵǰ濴˿־޳ͷǹǶѿˣĴѾ顣
ˣ޳ˡ
ٹ֮˵ţѧǶǻ˷ޱȡ
Ǻɱһǧ׳ľ޳˵ȥʵֵ̫ýˡ
Ǳߣ漴˼ƬѧԺ̳֮С
ƬǴɱ޳ĳǣԺĿĵ죬Ӵһǧ׳ľ޳򣬴ޣ
ӷȥӣ˼ʮظ
޳ʲôô󰡣Ӧúܺóԡ
¥ϳԻ֪˰ɣռһ£޳֮еһԶΪʳľ޳ԲɱһһС棬һβͿԳʮͷ޳һҪ֮
¥ϳ޳ֻһͨѣ˭ء
ԺĿˬĽ
Ժô֪

ֿԼ˴ҵĹעĹرԼѧնˡ
ʱ䣬㼸Ϊ˴ҵճҲһ˵ĺϲ£졣
ҾҲԽԽˡ
ͷǵĿ͸صĿռ䣬Ѿڴ½
ʦγҪʲôģôоһ㶼żʥŮʥŮҲ˵ں˵ԵǫѷˣѾǷŵһߵλá
һЦ͵ǳİɣҿЩ첻ҲͦĵôһУͦô
ɵۣɶ˼
ЩصʵҲһֻ֣֪ˣľʱԼͷųزŻΪ㣬ҲܿԼעⲻķ羰
üͷ˼
ʱҲӣֱӵ֪Ϊʲôڶ޷ͻƵôʵþòͻƣѾһɣѾǱʶ϶Լ޷ͻƣԼ츳ˡ㻹ͻƣõľȸı
˵꣬תˣһе㵽Ϊֹ
ڵʲôָԼ
ϸ˼ǵĻȷʵˣԼںֹǻԼԼƷˡ
Ȼĸ߰ôܸСȵˡ
˵ôʵһ룬һ룬ٳٲͻƣһԭ򣬵˵ĲͻƣֻϼˣԺӰܴ
ֹ֮󣬴ҿ½صӰӡ
ڵ½Ŵ½С൱֮һɽ򣬶ĿǰŴ½ֻһǾҪȥ
ʵҲڵΪߵģҲȨġ
ʵ൱ЩСѡĹһ
ȻЩķչҲΪ˽
ԺǾҪ½Ŵ½ǱϾˣҪоסǼǲСĻҽðһڵľס֤˵ţʵһԽԽˡ
áǵ˵ͷǴŻ꣬ǰһڵľס֤
ǱߣĽѾǡ
ֱӸĽӾͽ˸ۿڣȻ󲻵ǿڣ˰쵽˰סҵĵط
ھסһһһ鲻ʯһ£˵ʵ۸ѾܸˣҪ֪ǴסĻǾһһ鲻ʯ൱һٿ鲻ྦྷҲûа취飬֮еĸˣ͵ɽˣȻٲ˵ġ
Ǯɣʵطá
Ϊ֮гЩ½ĵطûס㲻½ϵˣȻҪķá
ȻǱ¶ݣñС˵Լ޹ʥŮҲһ˵ķãʱҪͿģ˵Ҫݷһ¡
ֻЩûϢ֮ģֵ
ûаֻǮ̯̯֣˵ʵǵһΰոǸ̨ϵ˵ƼֱΪĹǾͿԻõľסȨޣһǧ鲻ྦྷһˡ
ǺǣֻҪǮˣʲôСҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
˾ĺϷݡ
ǽˣȥģ
ʱ򶼿ǣǷʩʱЦЦֱԵ˴Ŀĵ˵һ㣬ʵ񽧡Ϊʲô񽧣ΪҪȽ׽»ֺͶ壬׷еԭҵ׵񽧾õо󡣡
˵˲۾һеѧѾʼ񽧵Ϣ
Ѿס˿ȴһͷˮ
ʲôȽ׽»ֺͶ壬ǵ˵ʲô
ɾʱ򣬷Ѿ鵽񽧵ϢֲֻҪ񽧣ԭô⣬һȻ֮ءŪתôӵģĿһ롣
ǵ˵ͷ
˻ӣʱֱ˵һλڲɽɽ֪ʲôʱγɵģҲ֪ʲôԭγɵġֻ֪ߵɽƺһصڻ־ʹ֮죬Ϊ񽧼Σգڷʱʱһֻ˵Ĳ洩ȥһȫ棬û֪淢ʲôҲв˽ȥ̽û˻ų˵
һȺѧǶˡ
⴦طȷоĿкܴĹϵȻֻĿһСĿģʱҲаš
ˣǳǰ񽧡
ǻ˻֣ٴγɴ뿪Ͼ񽧾ﻹкԶһξ롣
·ϣԽԽɻˡ
ҵǣһֹӡ
ЦЦ֪˵ʲôʵ顣ѧԺһֻΪ˱ǿѧԺּڷİأ̽δ֪о仯Ĺɣ׷ιо񽧣浽ʲôµѧʡ
üͷ壬ʵѾһ㣬ֻеԽܶѡ
ҲǵһΣѧԺĺ⡣
񽧾λһŮĦ
뵽ŮĦã˾͵ĿĵأһһΪɽ塣
ÿһɽ嶼мﳤҲмʮƺں֮ǰɽ廹һ
ô
Ӱһɽϣʱ񽧿ȥֻʰ쵣ɫ貵Ǻһ㡣ֻ֪ǱŰʶ֮̽УȴǷԼʶֻǳ˲ǧףȻͱŤ˼ʮΣ̽ȴǷʶѾ޷ˡ
ѧҲ쳣
ͬǣǶ˷ܣǶ̽δ֪Ŀ
Ժô⣬ʲôɣֵеǵ˼
ô౦ͱѲ˲¼ǧΣҪбҲñ˷ˡЦЦγصȷʵֵоһ¡ȻһбҵеԭԺδزһ񽧡
ѧҲеҲҵԭҲܷ׵ˡ
ɣȥϵһŮĦλŮܲܰ񽧸С룬Ϊо񽧣϶ҪﰲӪկˣȻܱ˴ţܰá
á˵ţȥ顣
ŮĦҲֻһȻӦ
ֻǲԶ֮ž֣ҲʥŮôӦֻʥŮĻŶԣôʦȥʲôҾͲԾȥˡԽԽԼЩɵΪԼܵ㣬ҰοʥŮڣʱһҪԼȥȥȥ
һ֮󣬲ˡ
ˡ񿴵ǵˣЦŵҲ񽧣ֱ
һ⵹ҲԣĻӦû˲ٲྦྷɣ
ţһһǧྦྷǮȻԼˡ
̫ˣҪͺˡһǧྦྷѾһȻЩ۲ྦྷ
ĻһҲһǧྦྷεŮĦĹҲˣҲãҲãǮ
ˣⶼνԺһƬ͹ˡ˵ţһֻӿܿһķӰεض𣬶ʮһγһƬȺԺǵоˡ

񽧵ĵʮ죬ѧѾӦĻ
ʱټ˹ʼϸĿؽĿ
ĿҪоıʣʵıʲôҾþΪʲôеķǿеķСΪܴͬ߶ȽײһҲ˵ĿһĿݽԭ˵ʵһоĿ⣬Ǿǹڷ죬ǲǷʱҲűˣԷʵǸֻĵȽˣоûпҪ
˵ʱ˶ɵˡ
СȺĲ񣬴˿ֻоԼе֪߸ˣѧԺҪôֱ̫ˡ
ⲻǰѧڰôһޱʥʱˡ
ǲûòرܣʵַͨʽӰҲ뵽ѧԺо֮ҲоӶԸѧԺΪһоѧߡ
Ҿ˵һо̡˵ʱ򣬴Ҷ֪ҪˣЩĿһĳԱӽ쿪ʼ񽧽飬׻ôı䣬ʲô¸ı䣬ȻЩݼ¼СǣǵĿоıʣǾҪͬķϣȥռһЩҪǲͬĲͬˣǵ״̬ǿôġֻҾþҪʮɻݵĲɼضԶ
ѧǴ˿ҲоˣоĲ򵥡
˵˺ܶ࣬Сʱоķ棬ǽ
ӣԼҲ뵽о֮
ʱȥǳʱ䣬ԼÿһЩ̶ѧԺʱ䣬û뿪
ΪǵפҲԽԽԵ˻쵽̽һǵһ񽧣ڶȴԼϡͿôˡ

ˣʱȥת۾һٶʮȥ
Ǵ˿ЩǲϵõݣЩݶһ
˪Ϊǵ֣ЩҲһͷۣڲŷоǺεȿһ顣
漶ԣȻһиûչȥ
ʱĺÿ찡˵ţСȵķ¶һЦݡ
ʥŮҪԲ񾳽ˣյһϢ˵СҪչˣҪͻƵԲ񾳽磬Ϣʱ򣬲Ǻ𾪵ġ
ϾСȸͻƵԲ񾳽Ҳһٶꡣ
ǵģ˵ҦܶѾͻƵԲ񾳽ˣҪٲϣǰͻƵĶûҵķˡСȺߺߵЩӡ
ʮͻƵԲ񾳽磬Ȼһٶʮ֮ҪͻƵԲ񾳽磬ʲôٶȡ૵˵ԼŰͻƵླ磬ʱѾԼ˲ˣںСһȣ֪Լֱǲֵһᣬš


1862 оɹ
СȽչȻּɡ
СͻƳɹΪѧԺͻƵ弶ѧ
СȽ㣬̫ˡֿСȣڵҲʮǰͻƵ˽ɾ磬Ѿһѧһ꼶ѧָоʱʵֻǸв꼶ѧΪҲԪɾѡ
һٶʮֽܴ꣬󣬳˲ͬڵѧ
ͬʱһһв꼶ѧţܣҲ˽ɾ硣
ϲ
ʱ׵
֪Сͻƣ׻ǹСȱʾףء
ףһоλѧ˿̶ǲ֪˵ʲôΪ׻ʥɾ磬ûͻƵɾ硣
ףɶʱͻƣҪٲͻƣɾ׷ŶСȴûй˼ɣ˵ıȽֱӣȻһΪСȵĸˣʲô˵ʲôҲСȺ׹ϵ˶Ҫõ㣬ϾһʱڵѧԾ˵ЩҲֻСںЦ
̾һѰҸоҲˣϵѾЩɶˡ
ϣһׯ԰۲͡
ʥŮҸոհͻƵϢ޹˵֪Ǹˣ˵ȥҪ׼һݴͬʱķԸͻƵϢҲתʦʦ㣬Ȼ²һǶ׼Сλ˵
ŶͻƵ磬ˣһҪ޶ëһ޹һԲᣬٺݺݵ׬һʡСԱߵĲȻϰСȵпգ˿̻Ǳ𾪵ˣ޶ëôֱԵթˣҲû˵˭ͻƵԲ񾳽磬Ҫġ
һȺѧԺѧȴǶĽûȰ
۲ͽǿڵҶȥһоңоһЩͻԵĽչ
ѧ۾һ
ǽôоʵѾ˺ܶɹĿһĿ˵ͻԵĽչȴûС
ڶ죬оҡ
ǿŲԼһѧЩռݣԱ˳һǧֲͬڴѾȷٿԻΪסÿһ׵ַΪ͵ȣеȺ͸ߵȡҾϵΪһ֮Уԭһ׵ڵ͵ȣĵ׵еȣŽ׵ڸߵȡ쾳ڵ͵ȡվеȣ⾳ڸߵȡ羳ڵ͵ȣﾳеȣڸߵȡĽλڵ͵ȡλеȣλڸߵȡԲڵ͵ȡԲеȡڸߵȡڵ͵ȡеȣڸߵȡȻֻƶϣ˵Щֻͨߡ
˰ͷЩоɹʮеĽˡ
˵ͲòһĶӦϵоĿǰо֣һȷ֮ڸߵȣȷڵ͵ȡñͬλͨλֻӵĽ׵͵һȷȴӵĽ׸ߵǵһġ˵һˣһȷλ񾳽磬ȼ᲻ǻᣬһȷˣλ񾳽ʱȼɱ䵽׳ȵǿȣǿһһȷԴﵽеȡ
˵ţСȡ
εоСԼһоΪ˴оṩݡ
СЦЦһȷôȻǿһЩǺƲôһȷڣᱻ׷ƽİɣ
˲ԾؿǣоĽĿǰûг
ǵ˵ͷȷʵģһȷɱ䣬Ҳֻܴﵽ׳ȣ൱ȷǿȡһȷȽҲܳףֻܱƽ׵ļޡԣַͻƵ񾳽磬Ӧö̫󣬺ѳһʮһЩΪ
Լѧǳ˼˵ʵ̫ҪˣҪһӾͱ͹˳
ʲôʹķѧԺо֮͵ĳĽۡ
ʹķȻҪ
Ե˺ڣǿǱ֤֮ͬ޵еĹؼѧԺԺ϶Ҫء
Сȵѧ󣬰ͷ
ǿûʣٴοڵĿһҪȽ׵»붨壬»Ѿ¶Ƚף漰ٵĶܹġñһҪһȷĶ壬ʵѣʲô壬ôȥ壬ЩοоݺϣոҽĿһѧύһЩо棬Ѿһ壬ڸոѾĿһѧҪ޸ĵĵط˵Ҫ˵һ¹һȽϹؼһоɹǾǹ񽧵ġ
һ۾һ
һֱЩоĺģݶɼˣƺһչûС
ѵ˵ͻԽչ
ǿ˿ˣĬĬص˵ͷʵﻹңһֱо񽧣˼·ȴΧ񽧵ռųδǹģñ󷨡
󷨣
סˣ󷨣


1863 ش
ǿɻˣЦЦǲǺ֣ôͺ󷨳˹ϵ񽧣ûзκ󷨵ĺۼҪ˵󷨣˵ǣһʼҲǲŵġҲǵоһ񽧵·ߣŷȷʵһ󷨣һ󷨣һΪΪ۵󷨡
˵ʱһǰͳһĵλͼ
ֻڵλͼ棬鶼ɫĹţ֮⾹ȻɫҪܶĺɫͰɫš
˴˿̶ˣʲô
ʱҲӣ͵չʾЩλ÷ֲͼԶγһת··ϣһЩĵطұעɫš˼Ĵ֮УЩɫžͳ䵱áȻɫͰɫĹţŰٷ֮ʮϵɫţҲ˵ЩɫŵʵҪǡȻȻһһžͳ䵱۵á
˵ţǵһ㣬ͼͶ
ֻ֮תγһѭ֮еһ
˶Ǿˣ˵󷨰ɣʵҲǣΪû˵õģҪ˵ⲻ󷨰ɣȫ󷨵ԡ
ʦ󷨵ʲô׳˼һ£ѯʵ
ҲǺ󷨸ʲôģܹؼ
Ͼ񽧵棬֪ˣܹܿϵ񽧵ռܡ
ôģһ󷨵תһ߽УͻᱻֹĹ֮УԾǨʹõͽ׵׳Ϊ߽׵ǵ˵ţ漶Խ֮󣬵õĴ𰸡
ʵʱǻǺ𾪵ġ
Ϊ֪ʲôͽ׵ԽΪ߽ͺñȷλ񣬱ֻӵĽ׵͵ȵͨתȴӵĽеȵǾ൱λλķҲõ˶ȷ
ֲ²⣬ȽҲų
ЩҪ֤УҲǽҪоĿ⣬ϵĿ
һȺѧҲ𾪲ѣҲʶоҪԣǼͨ죬ַͨףǲǿַͨҲԼӶԼӵԼһͻƵ硣
ϣͻƵһֱĽᡣ
ʦһ£һһһǧ߸ɫţ˵һ󷨵ģ󷨵Ҳ̫ˡٹ֮˼һ£ȴüͷ
ΪǾƺʮûô
Ҳһô鷳
еࡣϸʵôӦкܶġǵ˵ͷĿ˿ٹ֮ʵҲЩţ󷨵תܲȶﲻȽ׵ЧʹýȥңΪҶЩ֮ǰȥĲҲΪԭ򣬲ڽȥ֮û߳
˵ʱҲЩ꣬󷨵ĹЧᴿȽ׽
Ϊ󷨵Ĳȶ½ȥΪңѶ
кܶһѧˣô󷨿϶а취򻯡
Ҳµǵ뷨ȷʵԶ󷨽м򻯣֮ȻҪʮϡ
ʮ
ȻһС֣벼óȻѡ
Ƕ󷨲ͨˣñЩѧĿǰûһʵó
ʱһһ㣬󷨿ֻΪڻûͨԼȽףҲû˰ԼȽ׳ɹΪܵ䣬ͻᵼһ˲ܾͰ񽧵ոɾԣǾǲó˿Ƚ׵󷨣ҪԼȽҲҪĻѴĲྦྷ
˵˵ͷԲһСĿȻǶἰ
˵˴Ŀоɹʵ֪оֻǣֻǸǴֵġҲѧԺǵĶλѧѧȻоΪޣҲǻһЩҲֻеȵǴѧҵ֮߼磬ʸѧԺеһĿ
ڵǻԶˡ
ǰĿоչϣʼ񣺡һ񽧵·߽еҲ޳ЩӶӵпȽ׵ЧԤƵĻҪǧ굽һʱ䣬ʱҪ黹кܶࡣĿһͬѧҪȫ̸ߣҴ֡ĿͬѧҪȥѰһЩ񽧸֮󣬿ʼ顣
λѧ࿴˿Ȼʲô
˶뿪֮ǵѲһٶʮоȻΪ󣬵ǶȴԽԽͻƵ磬ѾԶˡ˵ʽΪѧԺʦ֪Σ
һʵϵ˻ôһ졣
һٶʮ棬оʵǵĸ֣׺СЩѧԶԶȲϵġ
Ҳо֮У֪ǵѧʶǶôԨЩо뵽УҲԼĴ㡣
Ȼôоɹô֪
Ȼ׼ˣЩᡣ
ʱҲײ뷨ļоΪ̽İأ˵ѧԺǱˡԺĻԼоɹ˵㻹ܻصһоĵá۽ҪſһЩڴֻΪ˸õо㱾ˣѪҺǲıġ
һ㶣뵽һЩС˵Ļ
ѧԺʦûжĵˣѧԺ˼ǼݲһȽ˼ɹӶԽԽѧСȻ˵ϣܲμѧԺĿˣΪѧԺѧ
ЩﵹҲԼѧԺûôˡ
ЦЦԼһ£üŸһظǼоĿ˳ɡ
˵ͷ˵ĿȫѪڵĸо
ʱȥתǧꡣ
ɹˡ
ǿ˿񽧣˿̵񽧻Ǹ񽧣·ȴȫıˡ
λͼ棬ǰһһǧ߸ɫ㣬ֻʣʮǧٸ
˿ҲһļΪѾ˷һʵ壬ʵȽڻҲ֮ǰоȫȷġ
Ƚķһ޴ķ֡


1864 Ŀʵ
֮УһλΪʵʵߣһֻɽ
Եһֻɽ
ŵԽԽŨͨɽҲѾޣ֮вһ֮ΪЩ޵ǻȴǲûеõٵµǻ΢΢ΪЩĽһѡ
ɽ֮ڲϵѾ൱ĵȼԪ̶ȡ
ײûͣҲǵԤ֮Уݣ󷨵ʹԪȻյ㡣
Ԫɽڲϵ󷨷񣬿ɾʱֻɽ򷢳һĲҽС
̲סüͷѾˡ
ЩԪڳ浤׵ʱһӾͰɽ˺ˡͬʱһ˲䵼ɽĴѣ˷飬Ӷһغ
ʱԼо棬ܵһоݡ
ʦô£
Щֵ̿ΪоĿѧĿоĺôֻɽһȽʱȴǸ޷ȥȽ׵
񣬴˿̶ǳ˵ǡ
ǿ˿ˣԭܼ򵥣ɽ֮ԱΪɲ浤֮ǰ²Ĳ࣬ǿԵõƵģ佫ȥһླߣǾǿȾҾÿܲ壬ܻкܴĹϵ
׵˶˳˼Ȼһ
塢λһ壬Ⲣ˵˵йȻźܴĹϵ
ʵɡ
˵ţǱСѼʵ֣Щʵ֮žͿȷǵǷȷˡ
ʮԺ
ǿ˿һѧĿǰһоѾԽˣĿоȡ˺ܾ˵ĳɹеһӦоϣѾϴѧԺ֪ʶ֮УΪ˴ĿоĲѧʱвġ
˵׵˵˵ͷҲǸǵһ㸣ˡ
Ĵ˴Ŀо϶ҪȨ޵ģϾЩоޱȱǾԲ⴫ġ
ʱĿһѧһоϣдһԼĿ֮геĽɫʲôо棬ĿʽˡĿѧǼĿоסٹ֮ȻĿһѧΪĿһȽ˽⣬׼뵽Ŀо֮УĿѧо
׺ٹ֮࿴˿ʱЩ
Ͼܲμ뵽Ŀ֮УǻԼ
СȵҲǵ˵ͷ׺ٹ֮ʾӭ
ʱվ񽧣ΪĿһĿкཻܶĵطԴ˴εĿо漰ĿһĿݣҲûлرһȻˣڴ˴ĿоĳɹҲʸܵ
˵Сȶϲѡ
ǿ񽧣֪ζʲôǾǽȥԼȽס
ЦЦˣҾͲϻˣźöһһĽȥԼȽסǵоҲƵģǵǿйϵǵƷҲйϵÿԼȽ׵ʱ򣬶ҪУһԼ޵ʱ˳֪ô
˶ǵ˵ͷ
ǼȽ׵򼫴ܻŵõףǵͽ׷򣬽׵ĿԽ󣬲ܷĻ֮һµķ򡣴ڷ׵ʱҪմ񽧵Ȼ֧ףһΪĿĲˣҪṩˡ
꣡
ѧǻϾǵоһȷλĽףĵҪһǧҺЩҺɲһС֣սϣǾ൱ڵĹѫ㡣
Сȵһ뵽񽧡
Сǲ򣬱һȷʵܽ׵Ŀռ䲢
СȽȥ񽧵ǷӿԿһһŷתһһʼΧͬʱһǲһСȣϸ˵ӦС֮еʹС֮еʼ
ǿһУЩѧǡ
ѧֻĵȽСȵΪǿ˸ࡣ
֮ڲϵţʵѾоıˣĿһĿݡԿ϶νȽףʵһ˶ٶȣ˵ȽףڸӼ١
ʮ֮Сȴ񽧳ˡ
ôСȽ㣿
ѧ㣬˵˵ĸܣǲΪǿˣ
ʥŮ˵
ڴѣǵһĹƣֻЦЦû׷ʡ
Сʱһ죬һģĲ֮£Ϊһɵ˺գֱƿĲռ䡣
ǰͷ
ȴѾɫ䣬һľ֮ɫ
С룬оҵǰˣˣƺҵķҲһĽףǲûʵͻơ˵ĻҵʵӦ˴ĳɡ
ĳɣ
˶ǵһС֮ͬѾǿˣʵĳɣĻҪ֮ͬ޵ˡ
޹֮ͬӦûСȵĶ֡
ǵ˵ͷյȽ׻֣Ӧôﵽļޣ񾳽缫пӵ׳ȵҪųɡ
׳ȣǲһ˿Ҳ𾪣Ҳޱȿġ
оһȷ񾳽ʱпӵ׵͵ģҲֻвɣֻһȷЩǿģʸӵСͨȽĲҲ̫ǿ£ȴӵپųɵĿܡ
ԤС񾳽ʱȻ֮ͬǿļ֮һ
ˣȥɡ
룬ֻǿףֵʵõʹʱ仹ڳ벻ླ磬Խ߷ԽʡΪԽߣһҪѵ࣬ҲӵΣգвܵĻȻʥɾ磬Ƚ׺ܸߣ˵ʵܶѾ㱾ļޣò
һʵҲָо
˻򣬵ںϵķҲʮ֣⵼ȽױѾܸߡ
ȥδܵõҪҲȽףͻƵɾ硣


1865 ׵ִʧ
ЩţһͻƣĴ֪
ǿ˿ף֪ĵģʱֻļȥɣҪԼôѹͻãǲͻԺлᡣ
׵˵ͷֻԵЩɬ
ȻͻƣĲٵˣѾһٶ꣬һٶ棬ǸʱѧѧͻƵ˽ɾ硣
ٵȣҪȵʲôʱ
ȵ˶ͻƵ磬ͻƵ񾳽ôǵȵ˶Ϊ
ͻƣͻơ
ףͣСȾȭͷ΢ЦĿףԵģǽɾôôס㣬׵۰֪˶ţµڶû˸ȾָΪҶģҲֻ㡣

סô
ѧһֱҵżҲ㡣˵ѾͻƵ˽ɾ磬ǼףȻƺΪѧһЩѧԺˣͻƵɾԺͿʼֱ׵֣ʵЩ棬׶Ҳָܴٵ
ͣף
ͣ׵ۣ
ѧҲ׷׿ڣΪ״
µĿһĻ˵ʵ֪ҲѧԺŻᷢ飬ǻ޹κһһҪͻƣ˲ͣпܶ취ֹ
ѧԺŽܽЭͬѧ֮顣
޹澺ڻеЭЩֻһ㣬ǾǾֶεľ
ҪԴҪǾͱѱ˲ڽ£Ҳ˵ģžƣܻǸ˲ǿģֻܳΪʯ
ʱԥȥ
һãһҲǵ
˪׵ıӰЩĵͻ˻ãͻƣҵ᳹һ겻񡣡
û˵γ֪Щ
һֱ޷ͻƣЩ꼶ѧȻ󲿷ѧǺõģЩѧȴҲޱȣЦף˾ײռôԴ
һпԼ컯ɡ
룬̾һ
׽֮񽧵ͷת֮еŲ˹
ܹÿһι֮еתҲ͸һ㣬񽧾һӵļһ
һȥˣûκ
ȥˣȻûκ
˵죬׵濪ʼ췢ϣȼ滹һİɫð
ʦô£ָָЩֵ
ѧҲЩ𾪣Ǻܿ뵽ʲô
ΪԾȽ׳Գܼ޲ŻֵʵʱͳֹƵ󣬶ȥͻ壬±
СʱҲˣ̲סǴȵڸʲô㲻Ҫˡ
ѧ񽧳
ףˡ
ʦֹף
˷׷׺ʱ۾ֻ۾ѾһƬѪ졣
ǣֿ˿СȵˣѾ߳һƬѪʦиλͬѧǲҪֹҡһһҪͻƣͻƣǾˡҿʦо棬дܳסȽˣƶϣַƾݵġѾһٶ꣬һͻƾ磬ĲٵˣҪͻƵɾ磬ҪΪѧѧײľôˡ
˵󣬼Ǻ˳
һٶܳôʵ̣ܶѧʱ䣬ȴ̫ˡ
Ǵ˿ȴɫѿǷŭףǷˣ̫嶯ˣ̫ʧˡһٶôΪʲôٵȵȣ㲻ǲͻƵɾ磬Һ˵Σͻֻʱѣû뵽ھȻԼȥģΪԼôһͻƵɾ磿֪ǿƿݵĳɹжҸ㣬ٷ֮һٷ֮һô̳ѧ
Ǹ磬˪Եĸоˣӿ״
ɢһЩ̲ס˱ᡣ
СȵѧҲһ˵ʵǻǵһοǷ𣬴˿̸ǲ֪ô졣
Ժ
׿ǣЩ˵ʵôûк
Ժܹˣ֪һٶ꣬ôģ̫ڱңڱڮң˾ǷӦñѧԺ
˵һĿɬ
֪һٶ˶ٵİۡ
Ҳͻƣô޷ͻƾ磬ǰһ޴ǵסҡ
ǰǷؼҵķƺֻصʱҺ£ĺ£ҲʱһôôСôΪִӵеһоһΣǰеһжǼٵģһؼҵǸǸ˳Цү
Ϊңɽѩˣ븴ĺ룬ɾ綼ͻƲˣһôҾһһ۾Ժ֮оͻḡֳѩӰҸ޷ֱΪɶǣҸее޵ݡ
ɽѩ֮Զ޷ͻһ¡
ԼһֱԼ˶ɽѩ
ܹˣͻƣǰٷ֮һĻᣬҲƴһΡ
ȻҲһֽѡ

׵ĻǳĬˡ
û뵽׵ִôأһֹ
һʮ˲ܷûаϵִԽӵļˣѾ뵽Ĺ档ƽʱ׿ܻôķӦ˿֮Уֲʱִ͸ӱŴˣߵĻǾħ֡
ףħˡ
˵ˣԤ֮⣬ϸ֮е顣
ÿ˶ħһЩʱħŴȻᱬ
Ƕɲһأ顣
Ǳ۾˪ҲֹΪѡ񣬵Ҳ뿴ȥΪ̫ʧˣȫҶﶢţһȥˡ
˵ţŤͷˡ
˪һû뵽ǾȻôȻֱӾˡ
СȵҲȫס
Ժ
׿ǵıӰĬĬر۾۽Щʪ
ģ̫ˡ

ռ䣬
һӰ˺ѾŲռϸӰǡ
뿪񽧣ȴ
˿̵ǳžŲռ֮ȥЩ䣺汾Դ֪ʶģҲ֪ΪĹƣ޷ͻƵɾ磬ԭյķ̫ǿˣڷ֮ڡĻڶαʱ׳ûͻƵɾ磬˭֪̫Լˣûҵ˼ھҪͻƣΪѾƴԼΪʦԺҾܿôˣֻܵˣ
˵ţӰһͳ汾Դ˹ȥ


1866 ͻƣ
ǾҪ汾Դֻ汾ԴϾܿķת
Ҳֻײпܽͻơ
ǵӰƺʵѾԽ˹ѾٶݣΪѾһְѿռ򵽼£ݿռʹԼλƵһȥܾʱյľ룬Ͼ汾Դǰʵ޷빥汾Դ򣬱ӵź汾ԴͬȵĿռƿس̶ȡ
汾Դһһȼյĺǡ
汾ԴѾߵľͷȻӵĪܣǴԽŲռʱ͸֪ˡ
ҪҲŭˡ
ȻҲȷԼʶȻǹԼ
ʱֻ֮зɳһֻɫѻֻѻ˴˵еڣΧźɫĻ棬ǵӰֻѻ£Ǻԥľһȭֻѻȥȭͷ֮żΪµ֮ڣ΢תȻΧĿռͷͣ
䣡
ѻҲһ٣һȭС
ѻ廯Ϊ˻ƬҲòȥȭͷȴȼȻ޷Ϩ
µĻ֮򡣡
ǾޱȣϵԼֱۣȻ汾Դȥ
һƳ汾Դȥ
һ֮΢׷飬еȫŷҲѪ֮ɫ
汾ԴܵЩǲǿ쵽ĸǰѾܣ۳һˮ֮ǽסǵĹ
µˮ֮򣡡
ţԼеˮ֮ǽ棬Ȼȫסˡ
汾ԴǰȻСĿ
Ͼ汾Դֻ֮ܵһҲܶԸġ
뵽ףҧҧȴûоô뵽Լодһת
ֻӿȻѸٵתˮ֮һˮǽһģһ
ȥ
ǳ˵ţͬԴȻľʹӶƴ˹ȥ
ǲЦ۵ˮ֮֮ͬԻᱻأͬԴ汾Դ޷֡
ҲЩоĶûŵһʵսʹóȻ汾Դ
汾ԴûвЩǴƵǵĲ֮£ȻٴתΪ͵Ȼһ汾Դϡ
䣡
汾ԴһƬܴıԴƬ
ʱ汾ԴҲŭˡ
ֻ汾ԴϵĻ˲ɢһ˲մ죬ֲĻ֮£޷ܣǳԽĽ壬Ҳգۼͱյһ㡣
ΪһٶÿһϸѾһ΢档
һ˲䣬ʵ֪ж΢滯Ϊ˷ɻҡ

ҧҧһ˺ѾŲռ䣬æص档
ʱѾѪģȫΡ
Ǹ硣
˪ȸоǵϢ
Ŵ˿̵ǣ˪ˣκ˶֪Ŀǰжǿ󣬲˵һ˵Ǿ졣ǵ׾ʲôȻ嶼˵̶ֳȣζûˡ֪ǵΪкܴĹϵϸϸ΢ǵʵ
û¡
ǴѾյ޷ϣʲôĸͻΪ˷ɻң˵ܡ
˪˿̶Ҫˣ˳ӾȻû¡
ʱǺ˪ǱߴĻԼѧļ
ͻˣͻˡ
ףҾ֪С
ѧ㡭̫ˣӮˡ
ԺأϢԺ

ǿ׵ķЩοҵһûа׷ѣͻˡ
˪һ뵽ʲô
Ǹ磬ѵ㣿
˪˵ռ͸棬Ȼ޷һŲռֱ汾Դ򣬿ȴҲܸżռ俴汾Դ塣
˿֮ڣ汾ԴɢĻ滹ȼţ춼յǧٿס
ˣȫˡ
֮ǰʹǹ޷ͻƵ飬ʱҲûֱӸ
޷ͻƵĸԭ汾ԴƣΪܹͻƾ磬ǾȻðȥ汾Դ
ֱ̫ˣû˵˭ȥ汾Դģ˵ȥƶû˸š
ҪٿˣЩϹŶˣڿ϶Ĵʼٸߡǵ鲻Ҫ˵ȥҪȻָһƣ벻Ӽˡ

ռ
һӰ˳ЩӰڻ̸ţͬʱĴѰʲô
Ųռ䣬һ顣
֣ʲô˹汾Դ򡣡һɵӿ汾Դ̲סüͷ汾Դڱ֮Уɹ汾Դ򣬱Ȼܷɣ˭ôֺõ顣
Ǻ֣ʲôҪ汾Դģһ˸ŵ
ѵЩѾȲˡһЩ˻ơ
᲻ǰ֯ˣ˵
˭ӦһλֻλƺЩءΪʲôҪ汾ԴΪʲôּҴҵˣˣΪ˶ǣһŮӵ𣬡һ֣汾ԴڶαĻҪʮ꣬ӦҲˡ
汾Դڶαôʱ汾ԴƬ󣬹ƶֱһΪ񡣡˳
˵˹汾Դʱ򣬷ɳȥ˼űȽϴ汾Դ˭Ҫں⼸汾ԴΪпܡһģӰ˵ţʲôʵֵһᡣ

ͻˡ
׸Լ֮ɱĺܼ
˿ΧԼͻˣԼӮˣԼûʧΧûǵӰ˪Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򲻼ˡ
һҲ֪Լ֮ǰǺʧΪֲһУĸá
ոͻƣǳһľ磬ûдôֹͣ
Ҫͻƣͻơ
ĹתҺһգͬʱΧԼռ񽧾ۼ
ѧҪɶ
ֹһ£һ׵ͼ¶˾ޱȵɫ
ѧҲһܾͬ
ոͻƵɾ磬ٴƾֱɶ磬ͻٶҲ̫ˡ


1867 һľ
Сȿףо֮ǰǸ緢ֻˡ
ڽɾ֮ǰ׾ѧ֮еٮٮߣѧ֮ϡ
ԴȺͻƵɾ磬׽ؾ͸˶ӣһȱΪ䡣
˰ȥܶףѧѧ֪׵Ĵڡ
ϾѧԺѧѧѾˣ˭ǵһûͻƵɾѧ
ڽ죬ͻˡ
񽧹עһԼͻˣͻˣҪһ硣
ζʲô˶Ծ뵽һ
߹
Ҫַʽˣع鵽ѧԺѧĵһݶӡ
ȻѧԺҫ۵ѧǸµ׵ۡ
ǻڻָҲܵǱߵĶ汾Դѹһٶ꣬ϾǱһɽһǰУܾ裬ɽƷһɳ죬Ҳ޿赲ǰʧһжᱻֲǼӱֲŰɣɶԲļޣ콫ᴴһʷϵ漣
˪˵ͷҲܸܵڵ״̬
˿̵׾һյĹۡһ
Ҳת˼£֮еһ΢Ҳţ޾ɣڷľڷٵ
ȻЩðգһͻƾ磬ԺȻǰ;ҿҲͱˡ˪룬Ȱ˵
ҲЦˣֻǴ˪ҲܸܵǵķŭѾһСˣǽΪͻƾ磬ȻԼçΪ룬ûȥǣ汾Դʲô³
˪Ĭˣȷʵ̫çײˡ
ǣ汾Դʱ涼ܵӰ죬в֪жռˡ˵ʱ̲סǳĬˣ飬Һʧĺʧ
˵ʧ˪˵ʲô
ͻˣɶˡָϵϢ
ͻˣѾ磬лһǴ󾳽硣
˶̲סΪ׻
ɶô
ţ˿ҺأҺѾˣʱĿռָ֮зɳҺһЩеĻˣΪľͻƾʱʹá
׵Ķ˶ɵˡ
ⶼͻƵ˽ɶȻͣóôҺʲô
ȻҪͻƵСţоײûдﵽԼ弫ޣ׵֮ڣһСǧڲϵۣѾҪٸСǧˡ
֮Ǿǽ֮˵λ񾳽硣
СȵĻٴĿɿڴ
ѧԺ֮У´ѧѧѾһˣǽѧҲֻвһǧ֮

׷ͻƵʱΪϵسΧռѾ˲쳣
˸Ĺ켣񽧵λá
ʱЩ˶Щ𾪣Ϊ񽧵治˵ˣ֮ǰв֪̽
˿ֲԾʲôڷλ񽧣òʲôҪ˰ɣһλţЩ֮ɫ
Ҳͬ뷨һʱǧ˳񽧶
ǵһʱ͸оЩ˪׵ٶֲ̫ڰŮĦǣ˹˲֪϶Ϊʲôڷ׷׸Ϲȥ֪ͨһ²һЩˡ
ȻûʲôڵҲ֮ǰˣ˿֮вûΣգһͻƾ磬ѧԺڵоҲͱ¶ˡĿǰ˵о̫ˣǱ¶ȥ϶ѧԺС鷳
˪ȥˡ
ȻҲԲΪ磬˲Բסġ
ͲһˣŰ벽Ϊû£ȶסľ档
񣬽鷳ˡ
˪Ͳ˵һ飬֪ʲôˡ
ĵأ뿪ˡ
棬ȻӦϢЩϢֱ񽧶
ܿм˾͵ˣ⼸˶ǸĴԲҲȸ֪ġ
أ񽧾񽧳״֪֪淢ʲô飿һӥȫĽɫëһŴʮСһ˿̽һֻ޴䣬ȫӣѯʵ
Ҳ˿أϾصؾ֪ܿһЩ񽧵
üͷ֪Ҳֻ֪࣬һٶʮǰ񽧱һˣԺ񽧾ͱ޷ҲǴʱ߾һЩصֻǴδһҡ
һͣͷεϸ˵ͷڵҲŹ£ʱܺ˭ỨǮ񽧣ڿܿǶԷķ񽧵ܡھһٶʮķ򣬶ԷӦǾҪɹˣбܾܿͻᱻԷȡߡ
أҪбǱĵȼܲͣһɺܿһ㼶ķһӳʵ֮ǰ˲²һǿķ֮أɵģҲĽ͡
㼶
ɲòĶ޶ԡ
Ȼˣλ治ȥ㼶ҵԵҲҪʶһ°ɡص˵ɣʵ˼ǴҪȥ̽һ£ʵǿδûлı
ղʵĵ׻ȡ
ɾʱһǿϢɢ˳Ȼ󲮸Ӱˡ
˽أκ˲Ŀɱۡ
ۿ⼸λԲ
ؼ˱ԾԾԣ˿̿񣬶ʱɫ

һλʮǿǾڹ϶ûиܹôǿơ
λˣֻ··˵ţڨڨ˺˼ȴǴ⡣
һԲ˵ʵǻĶûôڴھȻһλ۷񣬶ҿֻܰѾ̤뵽ֻ˵ĶԲ򵥣ֲ²⣬ĶܻһͻƵ硣
ҲѸ˺󣬰н
üͷЩûȥԱ߻ڲϸƺЩ
ʱ֮еӾˣٶȳʮĳ񽧶ȥ
һ֪϶ѾͻƵ˽硣
ֻǣΪʲôӾˣѵ׻ļ磬Ҫһľ
ǰЩ˿ɲ֪ЩȴǸӵ϶бˡ


1868 ѧԺ
֮У׵ȷڳͻƵļľ硣
ļΪԪɾ硣
ѧԺ֮УĿǰȻѾѧͻƵ弶磬Ͼ࣬Ҳʮˡ
ļѧԺĵһݶˣĿǰҲͽٶˡ
ٹ֮ɵۣΪ׼ͣȴô˵ˡΪҲǽļ磬һǸոͻƲʮ꣬׾ͻƵ磬Ǵѧһ꼶ѧЩ࣬ϾļǴѧ꼶ѧ
һҪͻƵļ˲׷ƽôܴܲ
ҿֻʥɾ׾ܵˣͻƵ˽ļ϶Ҳ׾١ѧ꼶ЩѧҲûм׵Ķ֡ؼʱͻٶȣ˭֪ɶʱͻƵ弶ˣҲ춼һ
ް
ٹ֮˵˿Щˡ
ȴǼͨ죺һľѧҪһľУҪϢѧԺѧԺЩѧ֪ѧġѧˣ߻
˵ţֵ¼ѧԺ̳Ȼ׵λһƬһӡ
ӵǣһľ߹䣡
ӵǣ𾪣Ǽ֤ʷͻٶȣһľͣѧģ
в˹ע֣ϾԺĿʱܴ֪ԺϢ
һյѡ

ԿǸв꼶ѧҲע֣˿ѧԺһЩţͻƵ弶磬սɵⲻǷϻôѧԺٰ߽У˵ϴĸвھһöСǧǧ㡣ףϢǼһַˡ
˵ţһ͵һڡ
ͼƬͼƬ˵ʵûôӴΪѧҲŲʮ꣬һٶʮǰ͸뿪ѧԺ׵֣ġתͼƬӵ⣬ֻһɵˣҲĿɿڴ
һľ߹䣡
Լ۾ֻԼǿˣ˭һͻĸ磬ⲻǳô
˼֮ȷԼûпݾ
һľ
󣬷ˡ

Կһ£˭ѧԺô
ϾģǴĿɶѧԺ֮еٮٮߣĿǰҲʮ˶ѡ
ðġ
ʱûеһʱ뵽ףϾһֱǱ׵۵ġ
漴ע⵽ݣֵʱ򣬶ʱһ
֪˵˭ˣ׵糤ףѧԺĴ棬һٶǰһʥɾ磬ѹĴ
ף
Կ̲סһһͻƾҪôһľǲǴʥɾ磬һͻƵļ
뵽ԿѾ̲סһ
ͻƲ£ͻƵ̫ˣ̫ˣΪ˵һľҪ֪һʥɵɵĴ󾳽ءˣӽļͻƵѶҲСȻʥɵɾѶȣͻƵĻ˵ȥôҲ췽ҹ̷һ
Կ룬ظӣѯһ
˱ٶȸ죬Ѿѯˡ
ѧôһľô
ǣǵģڳļ硣ѧѾһǧС磬ʱҪһöǧʵˡûǧѧҲһͻƵġ
ȻģûͻƣһҲ̫ˣѧԺҪһλˡ
+1

棬ת۾ظϢҲ˲䴫ѧԺ
ĦʦڸвѧϿΣʱһѧƺעУѾˡ
ڸʲô
ĦѯʵԼڿκܺãĿ񣬾ǶĲء
һ͸оԼ걻ק˻
ʱͬѧҲֻѾҪд˰ɡ
ĦǣܵЩ£ǵʦҡ̫ˣո˴Ϣң˵糤ͻˣһľʥɾһӾͻƵ˽ļһʦ𷣡
Ħ⻰ûȥڵ
ԼĶ䣺ͻˣһľõѧ
˵ţʹЦ
Ǹģ֤׵ĻԻͣҲ֤׽вԺܣһٶȻٴг˽̳ѧ
ѧҲһƬȻļٵģ
һľҪô
Ҳ˵ɻ󣬽͵ǿԿһѧԺָ̳ոշϢǸ糤һĿġ
˵꣬ѧȥ鿴
Ϣ̫ˡ
ĦҲ⣬ͼƬϵʱ֪Ϣٲˡ
׵֮У糤ҲյϢͻˣһľҲˣһٶ׵磬ǷǷˡ
طĭҦܡȫҲõϢ
һϢʹѧԺʼѧԺӡ
һס

ΧԽԽ࣬תѾˡ
Щ˿񽧶һĻȣڲĴڣȴǸǰ
ʱ򣬵һλˡ
½ܣŮĦһ񽧳ϢѾŮĦ֮ǰҲ̽񽧣ԺǺ棬ǵһʱ͸˹
½ܿŲüλĸ
ȻҲ񣬲ڲȴЩη壬ҵﲮ
ȻҲע⵽˰¸񣬺ߵ㲻Ҫ֪˭봳񽧣ܳеġ
½û뵽ôǿƣȻֶԼһʱҲЩŭ
Ҷ񣬾ǰ벽ôҴ򲻹ΣɱҲûô׵ġ
½Ҳ÷Ϊ֪滹ʱһĻ봳Ҳǲܡ
Ȼ뷨ʱһ˵ˣһλ
϶½һЩڴ֮ɫΪʶ϶֪϶Ǹܰļһǡ
˵񽧺棬û뵽ھȻı仯бˡ϶ȻͿ˲񣬡λģ浽ײʲôϾҲŮĦĵ̣ѵ֪Ȩûô
⻰ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ǰˣ񽧿ŮĦ֪ʲôô
üͷ񽧵Ȼй¶ˣʵЩǺʲôûйϵ
һֺǿƣȴҲõ϶˲䱩ˡ


1869 ֣սŮĦ
϶ܷŭ˲۳˿ɱ
һЩмĿŵ϶һСС񣬵ǵӲСҶͷɱ
½ȴǿļͲźˡ
϶㶼ɢɱˣֵʲôǣס˲Ҿлһ̽ˡ
ǵ϶ŭŭȴǲûǰȻҲܼɵ
û˸ǰҲǸ˼
ȻԶֳǿϢֻһһŮӰһ˽㡣
֣ɽȣ
½ܺ͵϶۾һʶˣŮĦλǹȵĵ¡
Ϸ
½ܺ͵϶˼ûˡ
Ϊˣֻ˵ҲѾ֪˴£ȿʮҲﵽ񾳽ļޣҲһλ벽
ǿȲִ£ǰĲδܵס
ֿ˲Ҽǵ㣬һٶʮǰӴߵģʱѾ֪񽧵ܡôҲŮĦ֮ڣⱦǣǰŮĦ˵ģⱦôҲҪǼʶһ°ɣ
˵Ǽʶһ£ʲôֻ
˵ǲ񣬾Ҳǲš
ڹ˳еĵۣ˭ǳĶġ
üͷЦȻѾңʲôǶҵģͲˡҲʵǣûʲô
ʱɽЦûʲôǾǿѵǻǿɡ
϶ʱߵûʲôٶȣ϶Ҳʲô˵顣Ҫ˵񽧻ģһ񽧣ƭ˴ۣʱЭ
ɫ䣬֪ô˵
ЩһΪ˱ʲôֵһᡣ
ֵ˵ͷƺյʲôʾ⣬񽧼Ȼ㣬ȻͲҪ񽧳䣬ɻĶΣŮĦİȫԻϣǽȥ鿴һ£ûʲôھߡ
һѹõ˲Χ۲ǵӦ
ԣǲΪıΪŮĦİȫⲻǺĺô
ִҪȥˡ˵ţۿһ򣬡ȣλڻô
½ܺ͵϶һ㶣ʱҲѭŲĿ⿴˹ȥ
ֻ֮Уһɫսѥɫս׵ŮӴӿռ֮˳ͬʱҲˡ
Ȳö˵ŮĦʣµλ
ŮĦλ񣬾Ȼȫˡ
һһٶʮǰʱʱ򲮸ǰ벽Ҫ񽧣ȻԸ飬һܻһƵĲƸ
һٶʮ֮Ҳǰ벽ˣԺͲƽƽˡ
˿Ų񣬵ƽúܡ
ϴμֻòƾˣټȴֲȻԵƽҲû˵ơЩⲮƺһٶʮ֮ǰΪ󽵣Ҫߵͷˣ֪汾ԴٱвĲ࣬ڼȥ
ôԲ˼־ηǳζ֮ɫ
ֻ֪һٶоԽԽһѧߣϵѾʧˣԲŻԵԽԽƽ档Ҫ˵Ϊ󽵣Ǿûе飬꣬ѾԽԽӽ硣ǵĲ²⣬汾Դڶα֮ǰӦþͻơ
Ȼ˴ζѾͻˣ񽧣δûͻƵĿܡ
ĮȣڴȥҿԵʲôûз
ȷЦȥǿɲУһвŮĦĶô죬ÿҽȥ̽һʲôûУʹ뿪
ɫ䣺˵ˣҲǾбᱦˡ
û˵ΪôͣʵҶ
бȻҪᡣ
񽧱˵ŮĦ㲻ŮĦֻҪ֪б϶Ҳܸɿš
˵棬񽧣ȹء˵ţһս˵ʵսѾһٶʮûбóˣԼһսʿ
Ȼ˻֣Ա߼λ׷ǰ
ҲɴֱԵ˵öԣҾΪı֪Լ񽧣Ķ͸ġҪ棬ʲôǼٵģΨʵġ˭ʵǿ˭ġ
ֱ׵ǿԣòһ
Ҳòϣ˵ĺܶԣǵǲڡ
ǾǵʵǿˣЦˣӿֳһɿֲս⡣
Ȳٷϻߵһϣı
˵ţͷͳȥ
񿴵һӭȥһ˲仮ա
һѳҲն˹ȥֻײ̶
ȵɫˣӲսϴݹоҪ١
䣡
˲䱻׷ȥƺնɱ˿ȣֺɽʱȴס˲
ƾҲң
һһɨǧӰ£ֻռ飬˲ͰѲֺɽȾ˽ȥ
ֺɽȾޱȣŲô
ʱҲӺ泯Ų񷢶˹ֻӰŤһȻܿеĹ
Ȼ󲮸ûмſ׷ȥһն˲ֺɽȣ˸մռ֮гûлͿһһͱ롣
Цһɱ˿ȡ
ѾŭѣҲǰ벽񣬾ȻͱѹסֱǶ衣
ҲôǿŮĦҲǺǵġ˵ţͷ֮зɳһɢŰ׹ľ壬⾧˸һΧ

ЩʱͷԼ徹Ȼ̶һ
⻹һռ䷨
ţͿȳɱ˹һգ۳һ㣬ֱҪ
ͶܣٶܵǷѹƣûȫ㿪ֱӾͱһ˼
λҲǣûɱ˲һʱ䲮᧿Σ
Ȼ˵ңǸ˿ѪۣҲŭ浱һٶʮֻʵ飬ƾⷨסңһٶʮ֮ǰ㻹Ŀܾͳɹˣڣ㻹Զˡ
˵ţ֮еһصƵ


1870 뷨ռ
ֻڲ֮תʱЩ֮ΪγһµУһڶƺҪ˷һжɵ
ɫˣоһΣգһɿΣա
λ񣬰½Լ϶Ҳͬܵˣ˲˺ǲûиоԼͰȫˡ
֮елתţҲԽԽ¡
ɢŰ׹ľ巨ʱȻİ׹Ҳ˸ͣ
ô£
üͷоΧĿռ侹ȻŤķ֮ԳһУŵеĿռ䷨ת
ǲĲǿռ䷨
ƣ
һȣֻǾ״ķһػһֱӱ˳ȥֻΧռŤ黨ռŤ˼£ĿռȻըѣ̶ǧڵĿռܵҲһƣ飬ǹѵĴһ
׵壬ռѷ֮У˳ϵսҲǳһѷ졣
½Լ϶ȼλҲǱռ֮ˡ
ЩΧ۵ļʮ࣬еĿ½ܺ͵϶˺󣬸˺ĻãʣһЩû˺ģ˿Ҳȫ뵽Ŀռ棬в˲
˿ȴĵ׷ģô¡
Ƕûп֣Ӷβվţûƶλá
ƻҲ̫ˣһλһȷİ벽ȫҲز
ɫأ֪񷢶ֹʵѾӽˡ
ӵĿռ䲻֮⣬ӵĿռ䣬һĲ඼һλҲܴ鷽ԲĿռ䣬λʮλ񼸰ԲԲʮ񼸰һӴǧĿռ䣬ֻ
һ÷ԲǧĿռ飬Ȼֻǳһѷ죬Ѿ˵һ㣬ողһѾޱȽӽˡ
벽Ȼһһ¡
ȴ˿̿Ų񣬳˼ɵ
һ죬Ǳɳȥľ巨ģոճûȡġ
˿⾧巨һǾ壬Ө͸Ѿ˼ѷ죬ʶ͸ȥͷǾ澹Ȼӡһöһöռ䷨Ĳ
ֲá
ˣ˵ռ䷨ޱȣôӵпռ䷨ԭǵõһöռ䷨
ַӦòڷûԿȾһö棬ȻͨӶ߶Ŀռ䷨γƷĶ
ոǲݿռǿȣӦüпһλռϵµ
ö䵽ռ䷨ĲǼֵǣöͻƾ綼ڻ¡
öҾˡ
ſȣЩ֪ĺܣΪһİ뷨һս֪ʲôռ䷨Ǻ٣ǿռ䷨޵еô
ȱ˵һһ㶵ģڸ
ֻ֪ǿռ䷨ģòðžһõģȴ䵽˲С
ŭޱȣǼɵ񣬱ʵŵˣ˿̶ȥͲƴˡ
Ϊ񽧵ıĶûпʲôԼȻȴһ
ʲô͵ʴס
˿ϵĿռ䣬ҸոտǿôԼЩȣЩʲôǴ˴оչռ۶ѣӰռ䣬Ӱռ䷨תһеĻЩʦĻˣȻֻ֪ĸܱ࣬øǿֻ̫ԭʼˣڻڱȽԭʼʱڣҶ֪ʲô
ɵۣ½ܺ͵϶Ҳɵۣⶼʲôʲô
ȫ
Լǹеսһӣռһѷ졣
½ܺ͵϶ˣ˿̶ǿ˿ȡ
ҧҧŭãԣҿߣѶҡ
ûǰ뷨˿֪ԼǲĶ֣öռˣʵġ
ȻҪıѾˡ
½ܺ͵϶ʱЩģǿȾôˣǾ͸ûϣˡ
̫ǿˣǼȥֻ
Ц㻹ѶҪȥող˵ˣվҪʵ˵ģ˭ʵǿ˭ġںȻҵʵǿⶫˡ
㡭
Ļԭⲻ˻žž졣
ʲôȻĲɱ˵ʵҶһٶûɱˡ˵ţĮƺǸֻˡ
½ܺ͵϶⻰µͲˡ
ʲôЦҪɱˣɱӺĻɱʡ
Χ۵Ĳǣ˿ҲŵùǺֱ˵һ֮⣬ﻹҼŲߣȻҲͰˡ
ҧҧƴһ£ЩĲĻɱ֣ҲǷˡ
˶ˣҲ徻ˡ
֪鲢ûнЩ˵ˣʵûԶǻڹע񽧵
лᣬǻǻһϣԲֻǸɿš
ѵôˣ
ɽȳ˼ҲЩʣոҲʧһսףսס
ЦݵȻܾôˣıˣҵĶûڸոѾ˵֮춯Դ˺ܸȤϾ͸ĵˡߣ˾ǿסǣѵܵסһλ
ɽ̲סһ
ŮĦʵֻһֶѣŴ½ˣǧŮĦСĹ
վˣǿԱȵġ
ɽȿŲķ򣬳
׺ݳԣʱɱ˶ᱦֵ飬϶ˡ
֮Уͻƻڼ
һľô׵ģƺҲ˼ޡ
ѧҪͷɡ룬ƺҲ˼ޣٲͻƣ֮еϾҪ˺׵ˡ
˿׵嶼ѿˣҲ׷׿ڡ
ϾļҲһʱξǲͻƣ꣬ҲͲˡ
ףȻ
ˣŻ볢ζģڻ˰ɡС˵ţоȻһöǧ磬öǧ˶۾һ
СȾȻһöǧ˵֮ǰͻƾûʹ


1871 
˶ΪСȵͻƽļʹǧ
öǧĳ֣Ѿ˵һС
СȵûʹǧͻƣȫƾԼʵͻˡ
Сȵ츳ȴĻҪǿ
ѧ䣡
ţܴ˿̲ס󺰵öǧѧξˡ
׿ɵǰǧЩжСȣǷһ顣ԺܼķΧ֮ڣΪһ顣˵ڡȻҲлλͬѧһֱ֧֣ûǣ߲졣
С⻰ȴǵ˵ģͻƵ˽ɾż磬ɾֵǮˡ˵׬ˡ
һѧĬĬͷֹ׬ˣֱ׬ˡ
׾ҪͻƵļԺδزͻƵɾżľ硣
ʱ׵һжֵǮǾԲһöǧȵġ
ҲһͶʣ״׵Ҳͬĵ
ǶףԲԸͶס
׵õһöǧ֮󣬲ҵ飬ͷˡ
û취ȥҪѡ
öǧ֮ӿͷųǴ߻һ߶ʼɱ䡣
ļľ磬Ѿǰ
ҪͻƵļˣСȵöǧ˪˵ţȻͿڵǣԲѾ޸Ĳˡ
ǵ˵ͷһΣĴһʷϵ漣֮һ״ӽĿ֮ߵϣܺúõطʡһ¡
˪˼һ£Ҳ
˳嶯Ĳӣˡ
׼ĻֻǸ
Զ㣬ˣٻҲá
ʵεΪ˪ûô
˪ҪƴʱΪһƴ顣
ΨһĵطǲǣϾǶֻҪٵȵȣͿͻƾ硣
ѡһУѡǿƾ

񽧵ķܾͬȡ
ڸոգҲ֪׵õСȸǧʼʽͻơ
Ҫһľˡ
׳Žļͻƣ
ʵһλͻƵԲ񣬶ŮĦӰȽС󲿷ŮĦĲͻƾ磬ѡ񵽱ȽƫԶĵطͻƣǲŮĦӰ졣
ͻĸ磬յʵѾԲͻƵԲ񾳽硣
ټ׵ٶİٱֹʹͻƵǴԲͻƵƵģŲô
˲֪ͻɵ󣬶Ҫ˵ͻƣҲš
бҪʵˡ
عһֱڿǵһƺѾ˴𰸡
ѧԺôҲҸôĵطԼϲоȥְأǵΪΪ˱ǿҵҲӦø壬Ѿ֪ôˡ
оİ꣬ĺɣɡ
ϲǰ޹ϥϧ˵˵ʵ̫Ц
ͻƵ磬Ǽˡ
ף
üͷĿ⿴Զա
һɼǿϢԣ˺ѿռ䣬εס
񵱼һɫޱ
ˣǿ


һ˲ͲµˣϾŴ½Ψһһλ
Ȼ߲ư
ΪʲôȻΪĪеı
ֹˣ֯ܣϾһλ
ˡ
ˣ
ӭ
಻׷׿ڣޱȵǫ
ʱҲ˳ӭ
֮Уһףڵӻӿռ֮˳
ӣ
ǰˣʲôڷܿбҪȥ鿴ȴǱֹˣҵһǱ˰Եߡ
Ҳܵڷس񽧾ۼԵúȤ֮ǰҲ̽񽧣񽧵浽ҶûŪô£ٶȣҪ˵ûʲôҶš
˵˲
ÿ
ȵϲ
Ȼ뿪Ҳ٣Ȼ˵Ķ֣Ҳɱ
ˣʥŮ֮УȷҪȥ񵭵˵š
֪Ķ֣ʱʹС̧
С޹ʥŮ
һλǸһٸӣҲҶһλ޹ʥŮô
ʥŮ
Ȼһ֣üͷ
֮УʥŮƺŵ࣬׵ľˡ
˭֪˵ʥʥŮǿһޱȣ

񵭵˵ţˣֻλ޹ʥŮˡ
ˣ
⻰üͷĸˡ
ȵɫǵڲ֪ݣȻ޹ʥŮˡ
ǲ˵ԼݣǵӲ
ðˣ֪
Ͼһλ޹ʥŮҲҪֵֵá
޹ʥʥŮԺܳɾвٿԳΪ
ŭһλδǿߣء
޹λʥŮ˼Ҫô졣
⵽ֵıѵô
񽧣пһƬȣеҪȥ
ʥŮСȣǵھµӣͬʱҲѧԺѧ˲˵ѧԺսҲǺսǿѹ˰˴񵭵˵ţǷҪ񽧣ŭʥŮܻء
˵񵭶úܡ
򲻹ûϵʱȫѹˡ
Ҳ˵һλԱѣ˵Աһ
СȵݱҪһЩΪСվŵ˺ѧԺ
вң
ɫѿɭɭĿŲ
˵ĵط治ʲôʥŮϾ޹ʥʥŮֲûģֻҪ˷˭ɱģ߸ɴð䰵֯ˣʱ޹Ҳ޿κΡĿ֮£ҪҶСʲô˵Сȣǵھ治ʣµΪά棬ܾܿͻ֡
ΪвǾǰɡνˣذɡ
ֱӾҪˡ
û˵ʵɱ⡣
Ŵ½ҵĵ̵ģûҲȥĵط㾹Ȼ뿪
ȵ˿˿̶֪˵ʲôϾôˣ
ԷʥŮ٣Ҳһһ½˰
Ĵ˽ȥѵʥŮɱ㲻ɣбﰡ


1872 һǳ⣬ȥ
ԥ˿ЩΪѡ
˵ʵƵˣ˵һλ棬ʵҲǰһǧġ
ȥ޹һʥŮû㹻治ҡ
ڲ˵ѧԺǲôϡ
ȻҲ˵ѧԺ֮УѧԺ޹Զˡ
û˵ѧԺʲôҲôѧԺ¡
϶ʲô֪һֱͻ񾳽磬ҲһλᡣôΧɼⱦĲһ㡣ʲôĵرͻƾ磬һǿ϶ҲǴﵽ㼶߶ı˵Ҳӵ񼶱ʵȴ
ͷ뵽˸ࡣ
޹ʥŮ޹ʥŮǺٻȱԴģܱʥŮϵģһ㶫
ˣӲ˵ܻɥʧһҪĻԵ
ԣôҲҪȽȥ˵
ͨ˴ѹеŭɫû뵽޹ʥŮȻҵĵ̣ΪôҲҪݷһʥŮʲôʥŮҪǿˣֱȡߡڻһ£ҪһʥŮ
ʥŮ
ҡҡͷֻ뾡ˣʥŮκˡ
ʱõȥͨͨ˵ʥŮκˣ㵱ɵôôһĻˣѵʥŮʸûС⵽λʥŮôа˷ô
üЩʥŮڱչûռ㣬ǼӴ󡣡
ģ
ҡͷȴǲš
ֻĽ񽧡
ɾʱһֱ֮ǰֲʮٶȳ񽧾ۼȥ
һ̣˶ɫ䣬ĻٶȣҪ˰ɡ
񽧣ȻϾˡȴߴ
Ҳǰн
˵ͷŭҿǺ˵˵ǧټƵֹҽ񽧣ǲʲô˵Ĺ˵޹ʥŮ˵ƭҵġ鷢Ŵ½ľۼѾӰ쵽Ŵ½ȶΪŴ½ˣбҪȥ鿴һ
ŭĴȥԺǧڡ
ʱЩģʱ鷳
ڳ񽧻ۣ϶б˿ǿӲʥŮ棬ҾǴȥðҲ͸Ǹˡ
˵ţֱ񽧶ȥ
񿴵֪ԼĶ֣ѡ
ҹڻЮʥŮ˵ţһȭȥֻȭͷһǿĴֱӷɢȥѲ˳ȥ
֮ԻţΪǴ
û赲֮ͱɳȥ
ʱҲû
ֱ񽧣˿۾ֱˣӶı
ʱһ۳ˡ
ֱɵˡ
Ϊ¾޹ʥʥŮû񾳽磬мܿ۵ġ
˵λʥŮһλǾԲܵġ
Сȵͨ۴˳ҪٸҳǰһС˴ŲšһСӵǲСȻðҡ
Ůʱһڡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣҪԼҪš
ڿѾλ޹ʥŮƹˤʲôˣȻðʥŮһû˵޹λʥŮݵġͷ¶β˶Ҳ̫ҷ޹ʥŮˣȡ˵ıʹûС
˵ţҵ飬ֱ񽧳ȥ
ڲĵġ
ĵõǱͻƵ񾳽磬ʱ޹ҲҰô
֮УҲʮңǲˣһˣһ𵴡
棬Ҳûɾͻɱһλ
ֱ񽧣СҲһηԼʥŮӺôá
ʵҲˣȻɵ̵ʥʥŮϾκһʥʥŮԺлΪġ
ǼɵɵҪ˵ˣҲܡ
ڱﶯģԾƴһѣﻹСȵݡ
ԺбҲ˸
ƴŵСȵΣգⱦҪˡ

СҲ֪񽧵ĺ
ʱоһ¶˹ƶĶ
˪㣬ô죿
СȴƾԼ϶ҲסȱҲˣֻܿǡ
˪Ц۶ˣһԡ
Сɵۣһڣ
ģ
ȻСȿЩ˷
ۿܷӳһֱˡ
ʼܣ
СֻҲʼĻȻ׼Լȵˡ
ʱˣ۾Ȼ׼
Ȼ˵Ҳĸվġ
£ĿȵȴŲˡ
ǿɲܶס۵һ
ǿ뿪
˵Ҳұ֤Լܻסȵˡ
ɾʱ򣬺һ죬ֻɳһǧװ뾶޵
޵Щء
۵ô˵ʵҲǵһμ
ܣ
ȵŵĳ˷ȥ˿˹ĸо
ʲô飬ǿô
ⲻ꼰ô
䣡
ֻռ䶼˺ˣȵֻоһɾϮûзӦϵսʲôľѿˡ½ܺ͵϶ȼλǲһ嶼ˣƲҲҪָܻ
ٿϵ·ˣսҲ¶˳
һ󲿷ֵǱˣȻȵ˿϶Ҫ
ҹʲôʥŮֱ̫ˡ
Ȼˣ
һλһʲô޹ʥŮȻҶڣôǱֱ
ҲðʥŮֱǲ˰
˵ھͿڣһ㲻¡
һȭͳ۴˹ȥ֮еСȿԷ۷˹ҲЩŭ
ֱۣͨŭ쵰Ȼһ֣ţϵʦϵʦ֣ÿ
±ƣʲô˼
ܴңһܻˣһҰô
СȵĻҲˣСƺܳ裬ʦˣʦ֣Ӧ޹Ҳܲ
ֻҪɱСȣ黹ͱ졣
Сȵ۱ֻܷһι˿̼ľﻹܷסһ
䣡
һ죬Сȵ۾ͱ˳ȥ
סȻҪ
Ұɣ
֪СȵľˣΪСַͨʽԼʦʦֵͬ顣ʱһ۶ˣ˵ԳԼ鷳
̫ˣš
СײײɱҲûʲô󰭡
ֻ۱ɳȥת۶֪
˿̵ȺϢұ˴ˣλʦʦ㣬ҺòҰҵ۶ˣʦҰҪٲԺͼͽˡ
ҲֻСܸɵóˡ
򲻹֣һ硣
ʲôСȱˣ˭ɵģ
üһҲ
Сȣģ췢λã

˲䣬߸˻ظ
С˷ܲѣԼλ÷˹ȥ
޹Ŵ½ɲҪҲҪһӵʱ䡣
֪ԼǵһСڣ˿˷ޱȣΪҲûˡ
񽧣
ʱԥľҪΧЩ󷨣֮С
ʱˣȴǲֹˡ
ȻǾͽȥɡ
Ҫǿã˵Ļƽ춼뿪ˡ
ҵġ
˵ţһȭͳ񽧵Χ󷨺ȥ
ֻһ죬һɫķƳˣһȻûкơ
ô£
˽ⲻ࣬Ҳû˵ʲôôǿķ
ĵһоǣı֡
ܵסһıεȵ
ԽԽڴˣֶ񽧵󷨹һٶʮǰõģҲǿסĹ˿Ĺ֮£ȴԽԽƵ
ˣͲһˡ
Խ˷ܣٶȸˡ
ƣ
ȫ󷨷һ
ɾʱһǳ⴫

ֻһ֣ȴӴһ㡣
Ҫ˿ֻоԼ궼ˣѣҲ޷תǱʲôסˡ
ʱɫ֣̿ޱȵĿ񽧡
滹ˣ
ʶʲôֻһǳԼͣΪʲôǿߡ
񣬻
ɵˣ뵽һܡ
òǸûʲôλǿ񽧱չأŵµ񽧻ۡ
Ͼ֮вģеǿһǧ꣬Щǿߵıչ֮أɱ
Լôùɣ
뵽оԼСȶˡ
鲢ûнһֲĿռ籩ֱӾ˺졣
ƿĿռȣȻ֪ʲôģҲɵۡ
ؼռ籩ǳģתˡ
󣬿ȵ˸ǲǱһֱӾʧȥʶ
˿ȫۿնľ
ռ籩ϯ֮£˭⣬Ҳ޸֮Ƽһֻɿռ籩ϯ
˿̱۾ɿռ籩ɡ
Ǻڲ֪ͲӦģʲôƭ˵ġ
Ϊˣ޹ʥŮ⵽ô¡
ãռ籩Ȼֲӵ壬ټϵĶĽױԴսףӦҲܵס
ڿȵˣˡ
Χ۵Ĳ࣬ȻԶһЩ˿ҲǱռ籩һʱ䶼˳ȥ
֮綼ǰˡ
Χһ֮ڶûˣе˾ûбռ籩ϯģҲŵ֮زز
֮ǿߣҲʶЩˡ
ѧǴ˿Ҳ𾪵Ĳ񻰣Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɡ
һǳ⣬Ȼһɥʧ˷γɵĿռ籩˺߲ռ䡣
Ȼ֪˭ġ
˿ǶǳԺԺֱ޵еĴڡ
Ǵ˿̲ûˣǶԸһܹġ
ףѧͻˡ
֪˭һʱע⵽ס
ͻˣͻˡ
ǽļΪչ¶˶ݡ
һľ涼ûгֹ飬Ǽ֤ʷ
Ҳ˳ʱһ۾Ϳ˵˪ԺԺ
һֻϢǡ
˴˿Ҳ׵飬ҪǻǣҲһ
˪ȴҡҡͷԺ㣬͵ΪֹɡΪͻƣѾò˶񽧣Ҳ뿪ˡȥ񽧻ˡ񽧹غǴ˴оĳɹԲй¶ûнѧصѧԺ֮ԺѧԺ񽧸ƳʱٽȥȽסˣֻӵʱ䣬㡣
˪İţĬĬͷ
ֻף˿Ǳһˮڵ
ֻһ䣬Ժ
ͻˣΪʲô
ΪʲôΪʲô
˶ȥæų飬񽧺ܿ챻ݻ١
סĵطоһЩݣõĲʲôģҲȫ١
ݣؾʧˡ

֮Уһھغš
СȻˣڷϢʦ֣ԣǸңҰҵ۶ˡʲôۣʲôʱ飬ⲻҵôʦ֣ǸźŲãҾȲ˵ˡ˵ǸôȻǽѵúõؽѵҵʧ
СԱߣһȺѧĿɿڴ
ⶼԣСħŮ
ʲô㵽ˣǼһܲҳǸðС˵ţЦԣʦְͶſڣ⳥⳥

߶˰죬СȲжͨ
˿̵ܲ
ˣĲ֪Сʦðһӳü˵ôɷǣĻ¡
ҲܣǴʦã⳥һһ㣬ʦõ۱ˣ⳥һµĸǣҿ鳤ǸͲʦˣѪʮҲǿʮڽҺɣлʦõľҲܵӰ죬ʧѡ
һͷ췢˵ţˡ
鳤ۣ룿
Ѫʮ˭أͷûɣ⳥ʮڽҺ⳥ôթ
ǲ⳥ҾͶſڲˣǿŰ졣ŶȣֺݺݵĺһṩƷһڶֵڲྦྷأȰײȡ


1873 ѧԺ״Ȥ£
һȺ˵ĸ߲㿴Żҧгݡ
һ
С϶ǼֲˣΪλʦֿ˵һ֮ѣҲܳζͶ
𵭶úܣǲ⳥ʧҾͲߡ
ǴʦãǾǴңҾҪ⳥⳥
һ¡
˵뼸˵˺顣
𿴵˶֮󣬺İƷսԼС
һԵ߿Ķɵۣλ񣬼ֱĳ谡
ʲôվһȥ
ߵŵ˵⣬Ψֱ֮
˿ΧӲ輸ҲԼõĳɫöˡ
ȻһҲҲ
ţ˰ɡ
Ȼ󿴵յģóһЩƾɼҾʲôһӣֱúܡ
ŰСʱ֮˵ļλ߲ˡ
ֻǿŴı仯ȫ±ˣǵأʣµļٽƷأǽϵһЩһء
ȴǵʲô֪һߵϰˣǵô⳥ûУҸǣˣһЩˣˣˣҼһһ
λ˵ĸ߲˭ˣ
αϣȷʵ˿̶ԷˣҲоݡ
Ϊ׵ѹеŭһɫˣһ£Ըʦô𺦣ȫȨ⳥ʦõۣǸάޣ֤޵ĺ֮ǰһģһΣʦܵˣԸ⳥ڽҺʦˡʦõľˣԸ⳥һʯô
һ˷ܲѡ
û뵽˵ô˵ȻԸ⳥⳥˵㣬Ҳһʺܿɹ۵ĲƸˡ
Ҳұֳߵǻе⣬ɴͲˣְɡʯʲôģҲȱһְɡţȫҺɡ
֣
λ˵ĸ߲ʱˣթĻֱӡ
ּۻ˰죬һ⳥СʮڽҺˡ
ŻȥıӰ˵ļλ߲㶼ҧгݣô޳ܵ񣬼ֱ֮ܡ
һУϵСȡ
Сȣʦָ㱨ˣѾݺݵؽѵ˸˴ۡҲ֪ʦֱϾֻΪ˿ģҲ̫֡ҾҲΪȡһҺ⳥ССһ°ɡ˵ţһԼܲӣǲȫ޵ݵӡ
ʦ֣̫ллˣ̫ˡǸһҺɶʱңСȿŻӣͬװһмӡ
Ŷ·;ңԶͬȼֵĲת㣬ģʦֲһ㶫˵ţͿʼתˡ
ллʦ֣Ŷ˵ţСת˵ĵжͨȫͲͻ˵һ䡣
˿˵Ĳңˡ
ʲôֵͬĲңЩҺһףҪͬȼֵĲҪȥôҺҲֻ򵽰ʮѡ
쵰ȻôֵģԲôˡ
Сһ֪ԼλʦʵͨݺݵթһʣһҺǧ֮һѡ
ȥˣ̵ģһ˳Ѫ׬
ڲϵǰţֱϵȥ
֪˶ã۽ɽ򣬾ϵҲԶˡ
ѧϡ
һһ֪ͨλѧ
⻰ѧǷٵ˴
˿̵Ĵ棬ǲû˪
λѧ˪˶ˣҾͳ˵ټǹҪǴԺ顣һǲѾʽΪѧԺĴѧʦԺҪƺΪʦ
΢΢һЦ˿λѧⲻ
һѧЦãƨ
ҪǲΪѧԺʦѧԺôؼԵоĿ롣
ðɣٴνһ£ǲԺǵʦˡʥŮǵýʦŶ˵ţԺǰʥŮˣںˣʥŮʦˣ
ѧҲȻһ硣
СȶʱˣⲮǰʹˣ˿̲ѧԺʦ֪᲻ᱨ
˵пܣԺҪԶˡ
˪ɲ֪ССžţڶ飬оĿĿһ׺ٹ֮ȥͻƾ磬϶Ҫһ¾磬ͲоˡصѧԺ֮ȥѧĿˣʽѧѧϰɡȻ油ףĿо
˴˿̶ǿףЩɻ
̾磿
Ҫ̾ôڵΪʮȹ̣ҲҪ̰
ô£ǰֱӴӽоĿ֮и߳ˡ
Ժ˼ô
ɫѿͲһЩʲô˿ҲʶˣıԺԶˡ
ԺûΪͻƣ࿴Ƕʧ
ǵġ
˪˵ͷûм˵ʲôڻǺ׽Щʱ
ʱҲ׵ô¡
˪Ǽ飬ǾҪصϵڴ˴Ŀоݣ˶Ҫ𡣡
˶ǵ˵ͷȻҪô
˵飬˪ͻص˺ǵסûͣ

ϵ
ڻˣ˿ΥѧԺм
ʱҵСȣǸʥŮ
Сһҧʦʲô飿
ʦʮֵıŤ
񿴵Сӣ鲻ģѾΪѧԺʦԺҲû㵱ˡڻ·ϣҾͰȥոյõ˻ظ޹ǱߴΪ㰲һλµİ벽ˡ
£ǰžˣ
СνҪԼǮһ벽Ĵ֣вҪĵ
ЦʱҪԼѡУ޹ǱҲϣܻȥһˣϾѾͻƵ˴Բ񾳽磬ѾԳŽؽһεʵмߡ
Сȵ˵ͷȷʵҪص޹һˡ
Ĳ˵϶Ҫٴģ֧Ŵأֻ޹С
֪ˣһһ޹
С룬ϾΪԼʵʱûԡ
ȫ뵽ѧԺ
˿̵ѧԺ֮УѾһٶʮǰһˣѧԺѧ࣬ʦҲˡ
ѧԺʦѾǧˣﵽ֮ǰȫԺʦϳŵģְ
Щʦٷ֮ʮ϶ǽɾʦٷ֮ʮʦΪڽϡ
Щʦе磬еǱһЩܵߡ
ʦ棬ѧҲһ
׵硣
ٴλصڵ֪׵֮ǰ׵Աȫˡ
һ׵磬ʱһ
糤
׿ǷԵ׵ԱвһЩİס
һ̣۾Щʪˡ
ΪʲôеͻƵɾ磬׵һҪԭ
糤
лǶ֪һľƽɾϢ͵ˡ
׵˵ͷлļЩˣԺһˣ׵ӵǿ󡣡
׵Ļһڵ׵ԱҲм
ʱһˬʵЦף׵Ժͻˡ
˵ţ׵İ칫߳һˡ

˿̵ԽԽһЩѧߵϢףһľǹԵģѧԺˡ
ڨڨҲЩԺ
漴ǳһĸмȻö˵ڹؼʱ׵硣
飬Ժ϶Ҫġ
пյĻȥһ룬ΪԶҲΪգһ¡
û⣬Աȥɽҡ˵žͶ˵ص㡣
׵ͷɽ֪ģѧԺĵط
׽˽һ׵ڵ׵ȻģʵȴѾǰ
ǴѧԱȻŮˣҦܵˡ
֪ⶼĹͣδ׵緢չڵĹģ

ɽԶĺ棬ǰĲ顣
һ·û뵽Լڵĳɾ͡
񡣡
һơ
ףЦЦô׵绹԰ɣ
׵ͷѾ˽׵֪׵ĺܺá
Ժ뿪һٶ꣬һٶ棬ѧԺ仯ܴ󡣲˵ģԺڼΪѧԺƸ˲ٵʦǰڴĴʥˡףڡȴ˵еȫѧԺģвٱ֮еԼǳĲǿߣѧԺǿǰ׳
Щʵôȡ
Ŀڼ䣬ʱǾͻȥɫʦͬʱҲûٷѧԺҲѧԺŶôʦ
룬ֵѧԺѧ棬ҲǲǸ֮ǰѧԺӵ漶츳ϣɣҲڲ֮ǰͻƵ˽弶Ҳ֮Ϊ

ҡҡͷ治֪
뵽ϣѧʱҪ̵ö࣬˿ȴ˽弶ΪһԾΪѧԺѧ֮еٮٮߣҲЩпĪ
ЦЦ׸ոһľ˵ˮɡ
ҲģҲûмȥ
漴ת˻⣺һ飬ƾ֪ɣݿһӣڶмˡ⺢ڿҲ߰Ķͯӣʦ˵ǸߵеЩĺӣꡣӣǵصصɶѧԺء֪ˣƾϾҪźҪˡ
⻰׿Цá
ǴҲѧôôӶˣƾҲǹԵġ
ɶƺ
֪ôϰûٸס㲻֪ȥ˲٣Ů֪ݣ϶һСӣвٶ˺˿
˵̲סЦ
Ҳ̿ⶼʲôʲôˣȥס
ۻǵôСȵĸ磿ʵ
׵˵ͷȻǵۡ
ʱЦǼһŮѣ൱Ͷ͵͵ȥǸŮѣ֪ôŮģȫëľһֻĸʨӣʱ˵۶ڷһûҳţҿ˳Ӱ
ĿɿڴЩɵĿ㶼֪Щ굽Ǹʲô
ôôһ
˵˲ٵ飬ԽԽǿˣûٹעЩ߰顣
ǰôûпá
ʲô㣿
ƺԼ֪İԶһ飬Żصϡ
룬׵һʱ䣬Աһ£ȻĻ͸ʦǼĿ̶ȡͻƵ弶硣
˵ͷЩѧҪΪ
ͻƵģʲô첻ˡ
棬Ҳֻӵһ㻰Ȩ
ʱĿЩŮʦоЩ꣬ҵġŽص䡷͡ʥķɿ죬ҵ츳ѾޱȽӽ漶ˡʵЩ꣬һֱҲѹԼΪ磬ûпȥΪΪԽ죬츳ѡӵ漶츳֮ҲûˣʱӦúܿͻƵ

ײһԼڿԳ弶ǽȴҪʮȥпܡ
Ĵ㣬ƺҲڿܾҪ硣
ףϰɡ
˵ţȴվˣѾʽύ˴ǳʡ׵糤ְλҲΪұˡ׵磬ʼֻһ糤
񡭡һ֪˼Լ׵Ӱ졣
˵ʲôʱȴǷѾ뿪ˡ
ڶ죬׵緢˹档
׻ع׵磬ʽӹ׵ԭ׵糤񣬲ٴ׵糤ְͬʱȥ׵糤һְ
׵Ժ󲻻κεݺְ񣬾뿪ҲǸɸɾ


1874 ѧԺӰ
ȥ˽ѧĿˣȻҲȥƾݿɵĺӡ
ϾƾҲ׵ĸ糤ȻЩףЩҲΪ׵˲ٵĹס
ʲô֣
ѯʵʵѾ꣬ǿǺͯСһֱƾһģӿ̳ġ
ƾٺһЦСӢôҽʾ֭ġ
֣׺Ǻˡ
ãܺá
׻˵ܲ˵ðɡ
ʱСӢˣ壬ôˣ
׺ɣɶ˼
СӢҪ˵Ͳˣ㻹żҶôģ㶼ǲǡƾɫ
ŶҴˡСӢ˵Щӡ
׻ûʲô⻰ˡ
ӻݣǰ˳Ҫﰡ׼
ʱżóһɫĽָżȻõһСڹؼʱԾ͸СӢˡ
ƾһһϲ
ˣָһƵȼһԴ
лл塣
СӢ˷ܵ
ƾʱҽĲã糤Цˡ糤롭
ŷӦԼڶûнŵģòԼԼŰɡ
ȥ֮ƾȴȥ˺Ժ˵ݿɹֻ׺СӢ
壬˵׵糤֮ǰһľֱļ磬̫ˡҸ׼ĺףƾս̤񣬵ʶ۷塣СӢףһޱȳݵӡ
⻰ҲЩá
СӢ͵˿Ȼð鲻ྦྷ̵һ׹ֵʲôǮ
ҲһôóҲ㲻ˡ
˵أ׻Ǻ֣ص
СӢһתЩյôҾͲˣһǰҺòͻƵɾ磬Ұȴ˵ǷǾҸˣҪˣҲû
סʲô˼
ǲڰʾʲôԣѾʾˡ
˼˵ͻƾ磬Ҷˣ㲻ô
С۲٣Ҳ⣺СӢһ
˵ţһɫСɽһͲǷƷ
лл塣
СӢŷɽһѾͽ˹ȻյԼĿռָ档
Ŀɿڴôôҷǲǡ
˼䣬СӢˣ壬ҵˣҹôҾͲҪˡʱҾͺܸˡ
׿һСӢɵۡ
գգⶼʲôʲôᵽǼ˼
˼һҪ׼ˣ
׽ɫЩԣСһడ
СӢεӣЩڴ壬ôҰֺ裬ѶΪ׼ʱһһء
һ飿
׿ЦãѶⲻҲ
ģǲҲΪ׼һġҧСһЩǰô˵һһ׵ģϰֶӡ
⻰СӢ
׿СӢӣȴһ㶼ˡ
ˣ壬ǰոõ˳İٿ֪ʶ֪ҵõ֮󣬺ö˶㿴ҵսסСӢΪԺ˵ţԼһս¶˳
׶ɵˣ˵˵ʲôûˡ

СӢ˵ʮҪɣġ
ϵЦݽʧЩľˡ
壬һ顣СӢ룬ЩŤ
˵ɣ㶼˵ô࣬ʲô˼˵ôװһСӢƤҲϰ֡
ʵ˵ǣ壬ҵǮɣСӢԥ˰죬ޱȿ϶˵
Ǯ
ҽǮ⻰㶼ĳġ
˻ỹô

ƾ뿪ʱ׺ˣϵԼҪһǻֻһӰ
ĺӣӦҲǺӰɡ
׿˿СӢ͵Ĺ׹ƺܶˣҲһ
ףס
·ע⵽ףֻǵǸ׹ʱ̲סǹЦ
ףҲ쵽
ʲôҲ쵽ֲõԤС
ʱֻۼСӢƨСһĵ׹õĻǲƵĲྦྷɱΪ㣬ɾС⣬ƭƭ˲١ˣû˵Ҫգʲô󽱣֮ģûǮ
ţˡ
֮ǰΪСӢԼĵ׹ģһһ
û뵽ҲСӢƭˣϢʵ̫ˣҪѧԺ̳ȥ˷ܵԼǲٵķ˿
ҧҧߵʲô˵ȥŮѣŮʨġ
ʱɵˡ
զ֪ģ
ۿףЩವģôܵ飬զ֪ˡ
вԹԱˡ
ǲ𰡣ǲ
ҲЩסΪǴҶ֪飬ǺҲ֪ʱͿˡ
һôİѱ֪С֪¼ʲô롣

ѧԺ֮Уһ֮
Ǿһʱ䣬Ѿָ
ѧԺĻңٷ֮ʮʦˣһʱѧԺ顣
ǵҲʮ꣬ڣ汾Դͻڶα汾ԴϴδӰ컹ҪӰ쵽ڵĻҵݣԵı仯⼸㡣
һ汾ԴķƬ󣬵٣εıԴƬӦÿһԲʮ񡣡
汾ԴӵƿػҲɢһβɢɽ򣬵ʱЩ֮бȽƫԶϵԣ
汾ԴԿռƿػŲռ䣬ǰһܻܿںϵһ飬ΪںʹÿռܶӣռҲøӵļ̣Ժλƶƿռ䡣ȻƫԶӦûǿԵġ
ģ汾Դߵƻͣ߻ͻƾ磬ǰЩڽ۾ͣͲǰԪˣʱпܳûͻơӦģǵԪҲٴνͣ಻ȥ
壬汾Դ֮ӦþͿԲκƵ֮⡣пܲܵơ
ʦЩ֮󣬶Щء
ЩӰ̫ˣȷʵԸıڵľ档
ûм˵ǵʦЩϢ֮ŵ汾ԴѧԺҲҪһЩ׼ȣںɢ汾ԴƬͻȻӵǿɻҡϵΧ֮ûʲôɽʵ̫ѧԺȻûŶɽѾ϶ΪǵϽ򣬵ʱǿ϶Ҫάɽȶ
λʦǶǵ˵ͷǿܶҪץһҵĲࡣ
ǼΣ汾ԴʱʦԳŽռһЩ汾ԴķƬ̻һЩΣգʱС
һ汾ԴƬҲһλ
һ汾ԴƬѧԺԲ⣬һȴǾԲܴ

˵࣬ʦҲ
ʱʼһ⣺һٶķչѧԺо˲ٶѧԺۺʵҲ˼汾Դ򲻶ϵر֮еҪ֮⣬һ̵ֻ˼ĳѧԺҲܸɿţǱһѧԺ֮еӰ
ʵЩ꣬ѧԺҲһֱԼӰ
ѧԺѾٰĴοѧԺ֮Ҳõƹ㣬ѧԺ֮Ҳ򣬲ȻԶԶ
ѧԺҪԼӰֻͶʦӦƸ
ǿʦ֪ҲǺ޳ôǾҪˣѧԺһʮǿѧԺǿʥءʥء֪ʶʥأΪһ㣬ǿ԰оһЩƳȥЩҴ翪ٳһѧԺרڣרһЩѧԺоɹ
ͺñڵһЩѧлʲôģһµķ죬ᷢһ
оӰ죬ʵҲǾ޴ġ
Էӳһʵ
ǶԴҲǼƻܾã־ڰѧԺΪһѧԺǾͲһЩһ䡣
汾Դ򼴽αҴѧԺоռ۷ȥͬʱ汾ԴӰ죬Ҳϸ˵ŵʱ϶޴ĺ䶯һǿٵרڣҲɹˣԺ󶼻в˻עڣעѧԺо̬
˵ʱ˶۾һ
ѧԺȫԽ汾Դڶα飬ԼӰѧԺ


1875 ࣬޹ˣ
ʦ뿪֮һЩʦ
Ⱦǽ
ǿŽڵʦ汾ԴڶαһͻƵĴʱʱͳԳɰ˼Ԫ޼̫ҽɾ硣
󣬵˵ͷ
ΪͻƵ磬Ѿ׼ܾãͲһͻƵĻᡣ
ֿǳİ˴ʥʣԼʮλʦҲԳͻƣǲȽʦͻƵĸʲ̫󡣡
˴ʥʵ֪ԼͽĲ࣬ѧԺĽΪѾǺܶࡣ
ֶ̫ϾԼͨѧԺʦǣԳԳ߼磬ѶȻСܶ࣬ǵĵ̣󲿷˶ͻơ
̫ϾʦЦЦҲʮ㡣
ҲܼΪ߼ľʦľ磬Ҳл̤Ǹˡ
ý񴦷һͨ棬ЩҪͻƾѧ汾Դڶαʱ򣬳ͻƾ硣
źЩŷġ
Լڶ֪Լʲô磬汾Դѹƣƺûκεơ
ЩΪһ·Ҳûʲôƿ
оԼϵ
ѧԺ⣬רһЩѧԺоɹĴڣѧԺΪࡣ
֣ͨҲһĴڣΪ˽¶εࡣ
ҲһĿѧڿɣ֮еһڿ
Ŀǰݶڿʮ귢һڣǰΪ˴֪ȣһ귢һڡ
಻¼ѧԺһЩоɹҲ`һЩ˵Ͷ塣
Ȼڿ϶ǲͶģΪڿ֪Ȼܵ͡
ഴĵڶ죬ҲǵԪһţѧԺʽڿϿռۣһ棬ܼƳֵݡ
ռ֮ǰ˵ľŲռۣǶԿռһֻ֡
ԲͬΪ磬ƿĿռҲͬҲһֿԺʵķ
ռ֮УҲָŲռڵ塣
汾ԴһһŲռǣĵ汾Դĵơ
Ųռ֮ԴڣΪ˱汾ԴܴŲռ䣬Ϳֱ汾Դ
滹˲ٵͼƬ汾Դ״̬ͼƬǿġ
ͼƬһЩ񶼻ѧԺ
Ϊһ˸㵽ͼƬ
ռ֮󣬽ľ汾Դڶα飬д˵Щ
ռ۷ĵ죬ֻڵСΧû޴ĺ䶯ûзʲô˻
ΪռۣԼԴαʵ̫𺳣ʼ̸¡
һóﱻΪǡ
Ǽڽ״Ȳ죬һﾳ˺Ȼ˵ûУѧԺ紴һİ飬濯һЩֵĶô˵أǵĿһȴǿգǹġһڵݣҿ֮˵ʵŵˡ
һЩͿʼѯʵʲôݡ
λﾳҲȽģͰݽ˳ЩռԼ汾ԴڶαɵӰ죬˵Щô
֪ǲġ
ƺӡ
ҿġʱһӻڣΪҸոյõһϢǴǼи߲㴫ģ˵ľ汾ԴϾҪڶαǼ汾Դڶαʱ򣬳ûչһЩ汾ԴʱıԴƬ
ӵ֤˶ɫˡ
Խ磬úõİһڵݿһ顣
Բʮ񡣡ڽ棬һѾЩϵ૵۾Щȣںһ汾ԴɢıԴƬͿԳΪĲˣһ졣
Ҳֻӳ
ҲǸ˼
ʱһŮվҪģǾӰˣһȸˡ
Ůȥ뵽ʲôҲǷ׷뿪
ӣĳ
棬֮һ˵Ҫ档һӹ
ҵĺ᣿һ׾Ŷ࣬ȫ⻰ԥһ»ǵ˵ͷźŽӽɣ
ĺܶ࣬ʵùˡ
鲻ԲԸһᡣ
ͬ⣬תźţֻǰĴ֮ڳһ˵ͶӰ
档
һӣԼ棬͹Ҳǵ֪ݵһλ
ʲô飬˵ɡԵЩͷʲô᲻ģ磬Ϳˡ
棬ģ˵ţϵʾ˳
汾Ϊ⣬ǵʱ򣬺Ȼֱӡ
Ųռ䣿
汾ԴӰ죿
ǿһ˵汾Դʱ򣬳ͻƾ磬ĵһ
Ѿͣ񾳽۷ʮԪˣѵͻƵĻᡣ
ģϢɾ̫Ҫˡ
Щ汾ԴɢƬҪںһ飬ǲҲͻƵ硣
õϢֱֱĿӡ
Ǵӵ׼ȷ˵ϢԴǵΧڵһѧԺ˵ţĵҲЩƺܸȤĻͿ϶ٲĽ͡
ӿЩɻԼ֪ĹѧԺ˵˳
ԽԽ𾪡
˵֮ΪصѧԺܲ򵥣ȻҲ֪ǴõЩϢ߳ɵİտԶ϶ЩġֻôҪϢѧԺΪʲôṫˣ˭֪ѧԺôģλᣬҲܸһ
Ļ֪˴ԼĶˡ
ЩϢȻãϵܲͻƾ硣
濴ӣо˳۶ˣĺܺã˽㵽ҵĹӡ
ӼĪļӰԺͻƵླˡ
жͨһ˹ȥӣȴϵԼļλѡ
ĵطҲڷ˲顣
ѧԺཥؿʼȦ洫֪ˣһЩҲ֪ˡ
º淶Χ˺䶯
˶̸۴£Ͼ汾ԴϢϢء
ѧԺռҲܵ˵Ĺעһλ˿ռ䷨֤˵ռȷʵв㼶ģֻǰûоЩѣѧԺռķֲȫռ״
һλվ̨һѡ
ΪģһŲţһԲŲţ
ŲãȻһλվ
λͨһϵе˵һ飬Ǿ汾Դȷܻܿڽڱ
˵ʵҲλٵӣʵǺʲôƨǲȶȡ
Ǳ˲֪Щֻ˵ĶԣѧԺ̧ĸˡ

޹һط
һȫŽɫƬҲڿѧԺ棬ǰʮϥŵӺŮӡ
㿴ʮӣŻ̧ͷѧԺ֪ʲô˴ģ˼
ʦдĶô
һŮӿڵЩȣԼʦ𿴵ġ
ΪѧԺҥ˿̿ԼʦӣȴЩò׼ˡ
ߵ˵ͷûʲô󣬶ʵ񾳽ǿߣܲЩ
Ȼģ
Ůӵһ񾳽綼ܲǲѧԺ񼶱ǿߡ
ҲѧԺܺ棬뵽ʲôûмǴ޹иСȵСѾͷѧԺѧϵһµھ棬ѯһ¡
˵ţʶʱͿһȫڻ֮УһѻӴ
Ӵоˣ۾
棬ɶ£
ѻԣµơ
ҲϻֱӵС֪ôǲĵӣ
СȰǵģôˣھСȵ֣Щһ
㿴һЩڵǸѧԺĶһУǰͳѧԺݡ
ھ濴֮ҲЩдӦöǶԵģдЩۣѧԺЩ򵥰֮ǰһûе£ڿҵСȣЩ
ҲôΪġҸողһ£ǸСȱҪѧԺ޹һ㰲һ˹ȥСȸӻ˳̽̽ѧԺĵס
á

Ĳ֪֮أҲǿڹעѧԺ
ѧԺˡ
ˣ汾Դ֮һеõ֤ʱ򣬻
ֻƾһڵݣѧԺʹ˾档
һºСҵǡ
Ժʦңһȥ˳ҸоǸʦ˳ġСȶǵоʦЩϲ˼
֮ȴЦʦҪʲôֵġ޹ĵӣҲѧԺѧ˫ҪһĹ顣ô˵ĵҲʦĲ޹ġһжǿֵģڹ֮еЩڹעѧԺ
ԺȻˣǼǲ
ɣ˶ˣĻЩ̫顣
˵ţĿ⴩͸ռͿһźȹŮӣŮͷҲȫ죬Ѫһ
ŮӲûвǵĿӣ˿ǰǰϵˣȴһкٽȥ
ǣ
Ӧɶʱ۵ʶ˳
Ůӿۣ𾪡
֮ǰʹ֪ѧԺһ־ػǰҲ̫ǿˡ
о۵ʵѾӽˡ
ӭϵ͡
ʶң
סȻЦ϶СʦõȽϿ죬ҪϢ㡣
ЦЦÿɷ
ʱһ
ʦ㣡
СȲ۵ˣ£¶˲õЦݡ
µ˵ͷӰһСߡ
ֻǽͼСһ죺ʦ㣬ͻƵԲ񾳽ˣ
·˷ۣôֱӵôҪ˷ɴô
֪СȵĸԣҲû˵ʲô
СҪʵҲδضʱҲǸ˼
һǰһɫӣӣСͽ˹
һһױԴҲˡ
ˬ
ʦ㣬ߣҴȥ䣬Ҹ㽲Ȼ޹ʶ㣬ǵȣ϶ûм
һЩ
ʲôȻС˵Ļ
Сȴ·Ȼһ·ͨ衣
ȵģ˾ѧԺڵһɹν̳ɽ̳
ɹ¶ɵˡ
Ȼ߱ɹҵۺ壬һμ
ɹ̼ңΪߵͣÿƺĺ⣬ȫĵط̼ҶС»鷳
Ҳһɻ
Сȣһô죿
£ҹԱɹбġ

һ£Ŀ˼ƷӣЩ˾ȻﾳΪ
ʶһ۾ġ
˼һµһλ࣬Щסɣ
סִӰвѧԺѧв˵ˣмλѧԺʦһˣȻٶҪؽ
⻰ɵۣĹϣأǮô죿
ʦ㣬С㡣
ʱСȴѹȻҲӵҪǱ˿Ҫʮġ
󳹵û뵽СԼҵؽ绹ӵ
ģȱǵǮô
Ҳ˼ҵ˼£ô죿ֻ˵ЩΪ۷ΪĶ֣Ҫ£ѧԺʲô취Ը
Сʱͣ˽ŲɵĿ˿£ʦ㣬ǲǷˣ㲻֪ۣѧԺôԺԼʦѧԺҪµĻʱǰץؽҲȲ㡣
Ŀɿڴ˼µĻȫѰ·ô
ҿ۷ΪѾ֮ܽǿˣѧԺбҸǿģ
СȻ֪뷨µʦ㣬һʲôǮǧ¡Ȼץϲˡ
СȻԼϴν̲סǵһ
ֲ̫ˡ
룬ʦ˵ĺܶԣѧԺĺܲ򵥡
ȻĻСȲѧԺôţԼҪ£һ˻
СȣȫʶһڵĽһаƵġ
ƽ񰲾ҵÿ˶ĺܺãаȫС
Ľʽ۽磬Ŀɿڴ
СȣһԺôʱ£ڵ


1876 磬ʦô
Сȿ£ȴûһӾʹӦ
УԺʥģʲôܼġ
£Ȼĵӣ棬ҲҪ֮ͨ󣬵õܽĹ
ΪѧԺԺ棬ôҲҪļӰɡ
뵽СЩΪѵʦ㣬Ժɲܼġ֪ܲԺæģδܼɣȸȥܼܲԺǾͿˡ
Щɵۣ⻰ɶ˼
ôо˵ҪԺе㲻ʸӡ
ѵԺһλ񲻳ɣȻϲ˵ʲôˣ⵽ʲôԺӵͦ
Сȴµ˵򣬶뵽֮¸ӵˡ
ʲôǣаڵˣһߡ
治֪ôСһôݵô˵ģЩƺ㣬ĺҸܿĵӡ
ǣ
±һССſڣϴү
ϴүɱѷ֣ϴүﾳΪ˿Ϊͨˡ
Ǻ棬Щ˶ﾳΪôԸţġ
ŶסСҵļҡ
С룬Ȼֵʦ㲻Ҫ֣ǵӽǼʣҲǸոһʮңȻѾȫʱ󲿷ֵʵֻΪ١ҲһֶζѣĵΣҲǹսǵصĻɵģǽȻгദ
±Ƶġ
ǵһμ뵽Դһ
뵽Сȵļ棬һһķӣ澹Ȼˡ
ǣ
¿ǰӣЩء
Ϊƺ󣬿ǾȻҲԲΪ
Ҹ磡
СڵҲѧԺѧһΪѧԺû뵽Ȼؼˡ
Сȵĸ磬µ˵ͷ
ۺٺһЦû뵽ǼҾȻˣһһλŮ
۵ĻûκЩã۹⻹һ۾ͿŮ
Сȴһ磬ɱʦ⣬һλ벽񣬶һԺһλĸϻҪǴ⣬ԺİȢؼˣҸ㣬һӾˡ
º۵Ǻˡ
һӾˣˡ
˰죬̲סǳСȵԴһ£ʲô㣬СѾͷҿǰ벽ʲôΪԲѣһָֻͷһῴǵǾ仰ô˵ţҵһ䣬ˣ⡣ߣѰɡ
۵ˡ
˵ôôοҲûʲôõ뷨
ˡ
СȴˣǾԼλϸõģô䲻ˣǺߺߵʦ㣬ҸҲû˵ôɡ˵ģҸҺʵΪ˿ɿҪ޸Ҹ磬Ժ϶Կ˵ʲôΪʦҪԶһôҸ㶼û꣬ھԲΪҼǵʱ򣬻ûгΪİɣҸôͣ˵ܳΪˡ
ס˿Щ𾪵˲ꣿ
ʱҲЩԺɵ˰ɣ
ʱЩţոһʮѣٶеˣСûȡ
¶ʱ˵ˣǱˡ
һǧԲΪҪ۱ǲ޴
Ժ׷治֣Ҳ˵׼ǰͣһ궼пܡ
¿СӣЩǶź˰ɣʲôߣҲ磬˭֪ǰչĿ죬ήˣȻһкǧ֮УǰҼĶˣΪҲֻţǿߡ
СٴηӲʱҸΪô˵
ǲǣ̨׵ôʱЩŭãǵΪ˵
ҸΪͼ޸
޸ôˡ
˵ɵˣһ֮¶˵ʲô
СʱɲŹ᣺ʦ㣬˵ģѾȫ¼ˣҸͻƵ磬Ҫ޸Ҹ硣
ҡҡһ±ƣҾôԼˣԲУ˵ˣ˭֪ʲôʱܳΪܲһֱͻƵɡ࡭һǧ꣬һǧûͻƵ磬ǾͲҪٳˡ
⻰СЦˡ
һǧ꣬Ҹôʱ䣬ʦȻͦҸôСЦˣЦúܲãһıóѵĸоϤЦݵۣ˿ҲЩң˭ˣҸû˭ôؼãѵϡͿİҵĻ¸ˣĸڣҶûиԤĻ£㵹Ǻãָһţе
²˵ˣȴΪȻһǧͻƵ磬ʲôء
Ŀǰ֮УͻƵҲһǧ꣬㵱ʲôˣһţ
ֻ²֪汾ԴͻƾԽԽףԺֻøͻƵδزܡ
ʦ㣬ǽڼòͣǵ˵ϰߣ˿ˣҪ˳ԷġȻˣδɩӣһεţҪ¡ءҾˣҺҸ³һٴ͡С˵ţ۾ͽ˳
ۻã֮УǾɩӲˣΪܳΪɩӡ
棬Сȵ磬㿴Ҹô

ۿСȣƺ˵ô㾭ͬô
СȿɲЩҸ˵ʦ㣬ǿ׬ˡ޹λʦ㣬߰ŮŮҲв٣ʦôĿɾһؼǣʦѪǿѪ֪ôǿɶģҪȢԺ˺ӣżҵĻͲˣԺż벻չ׳ѡ
۾ޱȵĿСȣ㶼ôԶô
żʲôʲôżңȵȣԺٺӡ
۸оЩӲˣԼŵôװô˭Ǹ磬˭á
С˵ȻСǿʲôˣ벽ʱֱǰҵʲôˣӵĹôؼǶܻô֪ôҪ
СȿӣƺЩԸײһۣ磬֪ɣΪҲ֪ȥŮѵ飬ʦѵʨŮѺÿһ򱶡
۶ʱһզ֪ģ
СȰһۣѧԺ˭֪ôŮ˵ĸɲȺˡ
۶ʱ޵ݣڿ̲סһЦŮѣ湻Եģⲻǵ˵С˿ô
СȺ۶ҶʷٷʦѧգʲôȻڻ¡
ûƷʳô£һζͦãһʱ侹ȻԵĲֺ
СȿĽζȻʳ޵еģκһζȻͿ˿ۣûУʦһԻǾ仰ô˵ţץסһŮ˵ģץסθ
ۻеĵ˵ͷЩ
̧ͷоЩС滵ˣⷹҵǳԻǲԡ

Ժһ£ǲûҪ¡
û취Сȶ˵ˣҪ£ڰԺļӣʵΪ˸紴ᡣ
ºǶˣСֱŲã˵ϵżҿ֦ɢҶĴ£ٵȵȡ
Щңôżһ֮ǰ˵õĲİ
СȼңۺܿգСȣѾʦ㿴˶ʮεӰµĽ֣мƽĶҲһˣͷŹɡ
С룬ԼϸȻôպϡ
磬ʦô

ѿڶȻ뷴ڣǴʵôڣܲ˵Ϲɡ
ǺãʦԺ֮϶ͻȥˣ֮ɾûôõĳϦദĻˡҽȥ֮û¾ϵϵǰˢˢøУġС˵ţһϸҿӡ
ȴ֮ԱǣȥһŮˣʲôءСȣҸ㣬Ҳˡ
СȶʱЦˣˣԼûô
ȥʨŮˣʲôܵġ
磬ڰͨѶ¼棬ʦϵʽɾˣС¶˶ħЦݣȻ󲻼ʲôͰ۵ͨѶ˹
ۿ˿󣬶ʱˣ𣬱ɾ
СȿǼеӣʱЦˣ˵Լûжģûųֻ㿪۵ͨѶ¼Щ±ƣΪûҵעµģҵһС¡ģֵ㿪ͷԼʦ㡣
ۣ
СЦˣЦǰϡ
עʦ֪ôСȿۣ̲סѯʵоҪԼʦ֪ܰ۸
Ҳ뵽㣬ֵСȣʲôҪǸҸС£ҺϾùϵ
С£
Ͼùϵ
СȾ㵣оԼλϸ׹밮ˣΪʦ㣬ҪԼϾϵˡ

ʦ㡣Сһҵ£˷ܵҵŬ˲ˣԺӦˡʦ㣬㿴ܸܲҵѡ
ڿŵϵ飬һʷǰ͵ġ
˿СȵĻ̲סͷһСȣʲôأˣҪѡ
Уʲô⣬浱Ҳ֪
ʱص㣿µôãƵطʹˡ
ˣС֮Աǣ㵱Ϲأˣڵһӡ
ƺԼ鱻С֪ˣºߵôʲôҼԺȥ
һԵۣԼӺ¶Ƕ£ܸоԺԼС˵ôҸ
£ĺƯ
ŵ㣬صɽСȻǵԺȱˣȰʱļӣȻʱСزȥ
Ժ˵ôҪҷҸ㣬ѧԺͲˡ·
ôеѧԺû˰ؽСȼƺͲôʱץǾ͸Цˡ
һ˵ʵ治ҡ
˵ģǸƺź൱ʵӦúܲöԸ
ڶһ磬Сȴ³ɽȥɽʱҲ˽ɽ֪ѧԺѧԺڵء
˵ʵĺܺѧԺһʲôѧԺʱộеÿһѧƺš
Ѿ˽ѧԺѧûһǧҲа˰٣۲ʲôţѧԺ϶㲻ϵġ
Ը˻£ǿۣʲôأ׵㻰ѡ
ԼСҲҲɵģΪھͶжˡ


1877 ʲôΪ
һ·ֱϣҲ·ߵıȻЩѾʱˣ¿ûпȴǾú˼
ָָһ˭дģ䡮˶޷ƫаΪҾǷҵĻ
Сȿ˿֮ڵһѧԺʦдģʲôԼ㲻ȷʵͦģлᣬҸһ¡
µ˵ͷдˣһ򵥡
ţָָأҲ졯˵̫ˣҸҲ˵ƵĻ
Сң֪֪˭֪ĸС˵˵ġ
Ŷ䡮ҪҲڲסҵۣҪҲҵġأ
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Сȥһ󷽷ĸһӵȻǽܵԺʦ㣬£
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С˵ʵǺ±Ƶģ֪µһ񾭴ˣ˵ʲôأʦ㣬Ժ
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Ҳ֣磬ƽӣЩСſΧϴүûɶ𡣿ܶЩϴүЩϴүһѵĺӣ˵ģһѺӿǺܻ˵ģһǺ֪ʶо顣
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Цŵ˵ͷôûƷ飬ڵɲ
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һ֪Ӧ޹ʵģ⣬޹Ѿ϶һλˡ
⣬Ҳѻش
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Ҳ֪û˼һڶ⣬Ժô壿
һüͷʴˣҸĴҲҪġȻˣһǰҵ뷨˵һ°ɡȣһ棬Ƕǵԣǵ漴ҲҪȥǡΣǣѵԼôΪأ
¶ʱһ𾪵ĿǣԺʲô˼
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ʲôΪ
ҧҧǶЩη壬ΪԼԵĿһλ
Сȴ˿ҲǺ棬ǰǵʲôΪ
˵ʵѧԺû֪ʲôΪжǿ󣬷Щѧ;ûʲôǲ֪ģǾܵһ
ûмŻش𣬶ǻǵĸˣҲûش⡣һ⣬һشԺϣҲܻشһ⣬ô
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һ׸ʲôˣֻǺãԺһ⣬ԺΪʲô汾Դ򣿡
һЦЦܼ򵥣ҹֻΪ
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Ͼûʲô˻Ե޹ʵĹ汾Դ
ΣôţʵҲʲô£ֻҵһѧҪͻƾ磬ʱͻƣֲܿôˣԾ͹һ汾Դ汾Դʱʧһ£λѧͻơ
𰸣±Ƶġ
ôԵô汾Դ򣬾Ϊ
ף
Сȵ뵽ʲôѿڶ
ЦСȴ˿ƺȫˣֲõǻͻƵĹؼʱ뿪ԭΪȥ汾ԴȥˣԺֱ̫˧ˡ
ƺҲʶ˵Ĳ٣һû뵽ԺȻΪԼѧ汾Դ˵汾ԴǱˣձҲһԶԸġðȻ汾Դ򣬺ܻܿ汾Դķɣ汾Դɶпܡ
ǵ˵ͷҲ֪㣬ǵ޷˵ôˡ
С뵽˸࣬ԼбҪϢףײԺˣԺΪ̫࣬Ժġ
´˿޻˵Ժʲôңʰɡ
СҲع񣬺ǻʲô
ǳ˼Ƭ̣΢΢һЦһһҾˣҵҲȽϼ򵥣󣿡
⣬µҵģ˰⣿
СȵȤʮ㣺԰ʦ㣬ˣҶ֪أҪǼ޸Ҹ磬㲻ţ۲ݡ
СȻû˵꣬ͷԼͶŲˣȻġ


1878 汾Դ򣬵ڶα
˵ʲôʵأţ۲ݡ
ǶЩ±ƣԺĳΪɩӣʱԼΪǿɣȻܵġ
С˵ƵĿǣֻȫûˡ
¿ǣЩɻ󣺡ԺȷģҪ⣿
ףѵⲻô
²֪Ϊʲô⣬׶ˣ˵ʵԼˡ
ϸ˺ð죬һ֮»شûмǴĻӦ47299990꣬ӽһԪˡ
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ֻһԪ磬֮Ҳ֮еˡ
СȴǷ˷ۣƺ˵ʦ㶼ôˣ˵ţ۲ݣҲûԩ㰡
ˣǾɡ
ǻ˻֣ѾվȻЦЦĿ˿£ʧˡ
»ô£ʱǸٴԺ
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ʦô죿µ
ΣһҲûӵλѧԺԺıɽһǡѧԺȻûô򵥣ʱĻǺѧԺҲûʲôͻСӣȷʵͦϲģԺάֱȽƵĹϵҲûʲôھ浭˵š
֪ôˣʦ𡣡ףȻѧԺλԺôǿʵԺҪѧԺڶԵȵλϣѧԺ
ȥ֮С˵ˣʦ㣬ոô£ôоԺָһ
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ԺԲһֱôȥģ磬ֲûлᡣ
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¶ʱЦˣ⻹ǵһ˵ҪˣֻһԲ
СȿԼǸɵĸ磬ЩһǲƬˣЩˣôŵĻ˵ˡ
Щң绹һǴ
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ֻϲһŮҺܿϾŮҲѹɽ⼸ҵǰԵܲһޡ

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˿֮ٴ𾪵Ĳ񻰣ѧԺڸʲôôʲôо
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˿ݵʱָоƺʶҪѧԺˡ
֮⣬лָһ㣬Ǿ汾Դ׺ܶ࣬ÿԺ󶼿ַ
ʱ򣬷ҲǷΪ汾Դ򶼱ˣķҲǷ򣬿ԳƺΪͨӳԳ֮Ϊͨ
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ʱһ˲Ѿ֪ѧԺĿĵҲǳ״ˡ
һڵ࣬ǾҪʮ֮ˡ

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飬ںδεأȫܵˡ
ڱ仯
һ죬ѧԺʦѧԺȫ߳ѧԺÿ˶޾ա
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׼ô
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˵ͷ׼ͻƵѧʦڶ׼
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طռ䶼ǱˣγһӼĴϿȡ
͸ѿĿռ϶Կ溧˵İ
ﾲؿţҪѧʦҲھؿš
Ҳһĺûᡣ
ʱȥԽӵľҡ
ȳֵһռ䣬汾Դƿأֱˡ
ǵڶռ䣬ռ䡣
ռŵһЩС磬˿̶Ƿ׷飬һЩ׷
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汾Դ棬ЩصĴԪжٸԱ
ռȫ飬ЩĿռںһ飬Ǿˮ۵һС
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˶ڵȴһ̵ĵ
֪˶ãһˡ
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һ̣ط࿴Ӱ׷׳֣Ҫ汾ԴƬ
вһЩԼһλӰӡ
ʱҲˣӰռЩɢ汾ԴƬ٣ÿһȻգתȻϰٿ汾ԴƬС
ҲȡһΪתЩ汾ԴƬѾʧˡ
ǾҪ뿪ɾʱһǿϢƺĲͬ
΢΢üһϢܿʧˡ
뿪ãһӳˣȥĵطЩ⣬Ϊȥķ򻹴֮⡣
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ЩͻƾǿߣϢ͸ռ䣬˸֪
УһرǿϢȻ͸ľŲռ䣬Ƕɫ䡣
˾ȻûͻƵ񾳽ˡ
ֻϢҲǾһƳҲ֪ģ֮ĸġ
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ڵľŲռ䣬Ѿֻ߲ˡ
һ죬ͻƵ˾磬ݲȫͳơ
һλᣬһͻƵ񾳽磬ʮͻƵ񾳽磬гٸͻƵ磬ͻƵ񾳽ĸǴﵽ˼ʮˡ
Щ棬вǴ֪˴˴ͻƻӰ죬֪ʱȽͻƣԲ˳ͻƵľ硣
ͻ֮Щ˵һʱѧԺʾ˸л
ͬʱ˴汾ԴѧԺȿǳݼһޣ˳׷ѧԺ
ջĻѧԺ
һλᣬɹͻƵ˽ɰ˼磬Ҳ˵񾳽硣
һЩ߼ʦ棬ȻҲͻƵ磬зֱǱʥʽ޷
ͻƵɰ˼ҲЩ⣬ӦɷֱȽϴ
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֪ϢѧǶ˾塣

ȹһ¾磬ĵǾȹ֮˵ǶԽ˵ȻԼ뿪ˡ
ǵסǿ˿˪һһһſ汾ԴƬ񼶵Ƭʮ飬Բ񼶱ʮ߿顣룬ЩƬں磬ԺҲһֳ⣬һֱںȥȻܳһʱΪߡǸЩʹãǺܺʣϾһһ죬Ϊ񡣡
˪ʱǵ˼ˣ˭
ǵĸĸôϲ˪үүҲʹ汾ԴƬʡ
߰ɡ
ЦЦ˪뿪ѧԺ
֮ǵĸĸ˪ĸԼүүں񼶱汾ԴƬӵ񾳽Ϊ
ӵ񼶱ʵɲں汾ԴƬġ
ʮ֮յһϢϢɽĹ׸񷢹ġ
˵ɽһͽͽں汾ԴƬϵɽ񹬣ǲɽ񹬵ɽԳ֣ȴһλ£ԼҲ˻
ɽ񹬵ɽȻͻƵʱ䲻Ҳ񾳽Ϊȴдˡͽ϶ں񼶱汾ԴƬҲһλ
ѣ׸ҲֻѧԺ
˭ɽǵĸ
ǰĻɽһֳ裬ȴȫˣΪƾɽ񹬸ػɽҲѧԺ


1879 ä
ڵõϢĵһʱ䣬ֱӰת˽
һոں汾Դ񣬸ֵþѧԺһλѧʦɽ¡
Ű˭ȥԮɽʱԱߵϣɿˣʦҵѧԺôãҲ˴Բ񾳽磬ȴٳ֡λͽҲ͸ոں񼶱汾ԴƬ˵񾳽磬ʵսǿҲͨʵȻɽ涼ܻӻȥҾҹȥסˡ
һ̲סЦȥһ⵹ҲԡϾҲ˴Բ񾳽磬ʱȥһˡǵѧɶѾ˳ǧ򳡵ս
ϣɵ˵ͷ
ǣս̫ˡ
ѧԺЩ꣬һ棬Լǿ츳ûκ谭׷ǣӵڵΪ
ս֪ԼԲĶ֣ˣԼҲδǶ֡
ͬϣɵ󣬵ڶϣɾͳˡ
ͨѧԺɽҲǼ顣
˿̵ɽ֮ڣʽϾ汾ԴʲôħֶˣľްԼǾ޴ġ
ĿǰΪֹɽΪĻѾһ
ɽΪɽ棬֮󴴽ɽ񹬣ʵԼ֪Լʲôɽ񹬸ֵһᡣ˵ģһǿԼɽ񹬻Ϊɻҡ
֮УؼҪʵ
Եǰ滷ɽԱѣοػɽ
뵽ɽЩۡ
ĻѧԺͦ˵ģɽ˵ĸǵûжɽйʲôҪ󣬺񶼲ǵˡһɽҪԼص֮⣬һްԼҲһˡ
ˣ뿪˵׼ȷ˵뿪ѧԺıӣƺܿɽҪ군
ɽһ⣬ڲ֪ж˵ˡ
ʱ׸񼱴Ҵҵ˹棬ѧԺˡ
⻰ɽվЩ
ߣһȥӭѧԺĴˡ
˵ţǰ棬Щɽ񹬵ĲҲҵȥ
׸ں棬ЩǺǡ
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ҪɽҵĹ֮λʲôء
׸ԼûʲôøУɽ£ǵһʱѧԺġɽˣҪף˵ԼʲôܽԼɽĴʼˣԼֲʵġںˣɽ񹬾ǼλԲɽһλһжһλԲɽҲ˴Ѫ˻
ѾĻװ׸ﲻЩֻ˼
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⣬ϣͷӦɣԼûҴطɡ
ʱɽ˵ˣϣɣһӭʹɽɾýΣ֮С
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ϣɻЩ£֪ɽ˼ҪʹѧԺѧ꼶ѧǿֱҵϣɣҲԳƺҵķţ

׸ɫ΢䣬֪ѧԺģѧԺСŵģǿ϶Ƿ
˵Ļ˵λϣѧԺǿļѧ֮һ
ֻǰôû˵ϣɵ֡
ɽɲ֪ЩϣֻѧԺѧ꼶ѧһ֮üͷʹԣֻѧԺѧ꼶ѧ˵ֻдԲΪҪԸĿһλں汾ԴƬǿΪǶ֣
ϣȻɶ˼ҡ
׸ʱһͷ󣬼æСѵ棬ѧԺַŵģɶѧԺķ֪ĿǰѧԺܷѧʮλһⶼԽսλȻֻдԲΪǿ϶񼶱սѧԺֻһѧԺֻѧԺڲϣ־ͽˡϾֻǶԸһͨһЩѧʵûѧԺʦ֡
ɽʱɫѿλȻѧԺķ
ȻǴԲ񾳽磬ȴʵ
ܵ
ոն˵Щ᲻ѾѧԺλˡ
ɽƤεȵĺɫû뵽ִ˾ȻѧԺķֲѧԺɴ˹˳֣Ƕͽŵƨ
׸һ̲ס˲Լ档
ȻˡˣǴ򹷵·һȥô
ǳƺΪɡϣЩܣڰǸͽ˵һ£׼һ£ȥˣͽ
ɽ涼һ
˵ǵļ˵ĿѧԺ֪Ѿ˳ʮ࣬еи˵һ˵ڻء棬ѺĶ񾳽Ĳǿߡ
ɽ泤һֻҪҹؽС
˵ķˣÿ춼Ҫۣ붼¡
ɽʱҲҳɣǸͽ޶ɽ֮УһϵС죬ǲ֪ʲôʺˣȻںһ񼶱汾ԴƬ֮Ϊ˵ʵƷ񲻴ɽҲƸ˭֪һﵨ죬ӵ񾳽Ϊ֮͸޷ˡǸϷǵˣȫϾɱȻЩ˳۵ˣҲȫū㣬ռԼ֮󣬾ͿʼܱߵɽҪԴ
˵ţɽֱ
ʲô˰˵㶼ΪˣɶŪԴȻթǴ֮ǰСʱɵ鷢ô
۽⣬е˾ӵǿΪ˼뾳ϣҲֻܳΪһǿС졣
ϣҲЩ£ôû뵽ȻΪԭɽźͶԷϵġ
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԰ȥѪȾ˴ء
Ϊ޶
޶ں汾ԴƬΪ磬ûиһƬƽѡ
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ϣɿһӰһ͹ȥˡ
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ϣɿͻȻֵˣϸԺ֮еһȶ
ţƺе
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޶±ƵģƺɵģѵԼôѱôԼĻóȶôá
ϣһӣ޶Ļʧˣ޶ɽ˲ˡҪץȥԷǰеķֻͽ͵ġ
޶ʱˣ鷳ġ
ʱ޶ץȥʲôˣͦãҲȥȰһ䣬ҵĵ̣ϽȻÿ֮ǰЩץߵˣҶüˡ
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˼ҵĵ̣ҵĵ̣Ҵ㣬ץңҲ㡣
ϣʱЦ֪ʲôѣھ㲻ߣҲɲˡ
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ϣҪץȻҲô־ܣֻ֪Ūһ鷽壬ϣɾ˹ȥ
ϣɿϤʲô壬ôôһש
䣡
ϣһץ£һ飬޶ֱӷ˳ȥ
ǰשҲ֣˳ȥ
޶һĿɿڴԼϣҪܶ࣬һӴԼƾҪѿһϣһ鶼ûС
ϣʱҲǿˣ޶Ӧںһܴ񼶱ԴƬӶӵ˸ߵΪֻǿиߵѣʲôģȴǸһϲͨ
ɾˣɽλ½ȻǶ֣һȺΧɱ޶һ
ɽҪ֪ϣɵ뷨˿̹ҪѪ
ΪЩ˺һĶǸ߽׹߽ȻҲǲ࣬Ҳడ
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ϣɿ΢Щʧ޶Ĳ໹Ǻܴġ
ٴγ֣޶¡
޶ȫǶ֣ȫĺ޻֮תǶͷһ롣
ˣˣͶ
޶ͷ˿ѾףһֻҲǶˡ
ϣ⻰֣Ǻã߰ɡ
Լ׾ˣֻ񣬸𲻵Ч
ɾʱ򣬱ͷ޶Ȼ̧ͷгһѵþеϣɶûзӦ´塣
ֻһ˲䣬ϣɵ˾ʹﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ϣˣǸմѧԺĳﾭ
񣬻Բܷ顣
ϣɷӦ֮һƳ޶˹ȥһƾͰ޶ķ˳ȥ޶ԴҲĵķ顣
ʱֻ޶Դ֮зɳһűԴ汾ԴһĶűԴٴϣɵ壬תϣֳһԴ
ֱϣ
㶼˿̵޶Щ
ǻɱˣĿˣʵ̫ǳһҵûд͸ôɱҡ˵ţϣɳȥҴˣȻ͵Ϯˣһˡ
㣬ʲô޶ޱȣŤͷܡ
ٴΰԼСıɫӵ쾡£򲻹ܡ
ϣǰӵ
ֻϣȥץסޱȾֵ֮Уת۾Ͱ˫˫Ÿ˺
޶ĲҽУϣҲ˫ͨ죬Ȼʧȥǵĸо
һСʱ֮ϣ۾ָ
ǰ޶˿ֻһˣ˳˰ٷ֮ʮ塣
һγѧ˲ٶϣ૵ûԼȻôԼɱ
ҿ޶һˣˡ
޶ϣˣصɽ
ɽӭѾע⵽ϣǸ޶˿лЩ𾪵ġ
ѧԺѧô˴ˣϷɽ
λϣɿ˿ɽ棬Щɻ
ɽ±ƣ׸ҲЩ±ơ
㶼˵ôä


1880 ʼѪϵͳ
ɽЩˣǵɽ
ϣ˰죬Ȼɽ棬ԭ㣬ֲҿе졣
е죿
ɽѪˣ֮ǰûۿҰɡ
ȻôСʱͰһɶˡ
׸񣡡
ϣֿ˿һˣ׸æ˵ͷԼüǰ
˽뵽˹׸ȻİԼĹλøϣɽĻҪ档
ɽ濴ϣɺȻǸλϣЩ鴤޶ʲôҪ˵ˣȻҲ޶³
ϣʵЩڵ޶Ȼ񼫣ѧԺԼİ취˵Ҳǰؽ棬ûûҹļۡԵĻ޶ҿ϶ǲǴõġ
ɽ˵ͷæӦõģⶼӦõģϾͽץסġ
׸û˵֪
ЩѧԺץסĶͽ˿ɾǰˣǱץ֮Уûûҹļۣǿ۵ʵ
˵ȷѧԺץˣҲûɸ档
ˣԺͬ飬ʱϵѧԺô˵ɽǵĸѧԺĵɽɽ򣬶ѧԺϽ򡣡ϣɵ˵š
ǣ˵ǡ׸Ǻͬ仰
ɽû˵ǿˣԼɽҪҲûãΪɽڶɡ
ˣ˭ѧԺʵǿ
ϣվץ޶ʧˡ
ɽʱȻһԴ뵽ʲôʧˣȻѧԺѧԺɸǲģոӦúϵԺ˵һɽ
׸ʱԼλʵ̫ҪˣĻ˵ֱ׳
ϣˣٶȺܿ졣
뿪ɽʮʱȴǸоһǿϢ
üͷƺԼʲô˶ˣΪΧĿռ䶼Ѿˣڸ޷Ųơ
ͣһطȥֻԶ֮߳һˣһֺͽẓ́ܶԴҲ۾ߵӡ
壡
ϣüϵϳӵݡ
ħˣƣΪӦѾ񾳽硣
һλħ
Ǹ˹ңҿ㡣ħӵ˵ݣɱϣһԲ񣬾׾ٵ顣
Ͼ󾳽硣
ϣɫѿû뵽Լᱻһλϡ
ѵλ֪Լ
ϸһ룬ϣɾ֪ܣԼֻһ⣬ΨһһֿܾλħΪ޶ԼҪ޶صؽ֮УҲͳĿꡣ
ҪɱԼҲֻ˳ѡ
ϣнţһλ֪ԼȽѣǿ򶨵ߣǺôĵӣɽǸɱңΪԼӵõڸոѾ֪ͨѧԺʦӣѧԺͻʦȰ뿪ܱסһС
ϣ֪ԼǶ֣ʱֻ̧ѧԺ
Ӧû֪ѧԺʵġ
ħһȻЦѧԺʵǺǿǶǰˣΪǰ֮ⶼȽѡڲһˣ汾Դڶα֮󣬲񶼿֮⡣ѧԺжжѧԺ֮ʲôвʵѧԺںսϣʧأѧԺǵ鷳ҲܷŹѧԺѧԺвңǴشߣ㲻˵ôѧԺʦҪôҿɱٴΣ
ϣɶʱɫ䣬ʧˣ
ӵӣ
Ӧ˵ĻԼȻǾ鲻㣬Ҳ̫ʵˡ
ʱ򼸺ǲ˼ģϣɾͳԶӶȥһ˫
ʹ֮ķ֮ÿռ䷨򣬱ԶԼΪٶȡ
ֻһ䣬ϣɾӶݳȥٶѾȶˡ
ÿٶȣ
ħ΢΢ЩȣȻȴЩ˷ѧԺҲһѧףλɱ㣬ѧԺҲһ۵ģѧԺ³
˵ţħƿտռֱ׷ϣɶȥ
ħֻǼͰѾһ롣
ҲͨռͨҪҡϣɻͷħȫϿռ䣬ÿһƶľҪԼʮ
ȻֻǶʮ벻ϣɾͱ׷ˡ

ħһȭȥֱӰѿռ䶼㡣
ϣɸоΣʱԥʩչԼǿķ
Ҳ֪ķӣǺһˡ
ϣʱһǳħնȥǶԷȴȫһȭ¡
䣡
ϣɵĵˣͬʱϵĽױԴսװҲǷ׷ױѡ
ϣɵɳȥһѪ˳
ͬʱѿ϶ദѪܱͷѡ
ôҲһλԲսѾǼˣһλһλǿǶ֡
ʵǰٱ
ȻҲ˵վϡ
ϣɵӰ뵽һķϵ֮Уֱס
ħһУȰ޶ץУȻϣɱǿ򣺡ףϢڣⶼû
ħЩ⣬ΪڸոԼһ֮£ʵһλҲǱɡ
ϣɣȻš
üͷһƳȥʱһޱȾ޴䵽ϣ˲ըѳ顣
һǲѰ顣
飬ҽɽȾգʱֻѵģһӰ
ǸӰȫѪ죬ǿš
ô£
ħȻоһļµ̲סȻޱȾĿϣɡ
˿̵ϣɣ۾۾һƬѪ졣
ϣɿԶħ˫۾ƺ͸ʱգλħ
ͬʱħԺ֮УȻһޱΰӴ巢Ȼ۲һ
£
ΰڣһ㡣
ħɫ֣̿һǿѹȻҪ
Ǿһֱܣһ䣬ƺҪ
һѪľη
㣬ǡ
ħ˫ϥ󱳶ʪ͸ˡ
Ȼռ
ħоʲôϵѹҲȻʧ
ˣϢ񣡡
ħɫ΢䣬ȻֻȻ˲ѳݣÿһݶģŲͬķӴܡ
ǽ
˿̽һͿôӴܵӰȻԥĳȥơ
ǶԷӴܵʵ̫죬پųɾŵĻɱǻһЩ֮ززˡ
üͷ֪ԼûɹɱԷһָӦ徹Ȼҽɽ򣬿Ǿ汾Դڶα֮񶼿֮⣬ѧԺֲΪˡ
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ֻҪϣɵ꣬ɱһ׵顣
ոҵʱ򣬺񿴵λڵءѵҿˣüͷЩ֡
λɱ˵ģûڵϲŶԡ
Ҳûж룬ϣɾ뿪ˣѧԺȥ

ѧԺ֮С
ϣʮ֮ˣҲȫָˡ
ʦ
ϣɿŽ֪ǽġ
ЦЦһγȥоô
ϣɶʱһΣԼһʧܣ㱻޶͵Ϯɱֲ㱻һλħɱ
̫ΣˣԼ̫ˡ
ˣô࣬Ϣȥдһĵñ潻ҡ˵ţתˡ
ϣɲ֪֮󣬽ֱΣգ뿪
˿̵ĳ
λħǰһӰӰһħߡ
ħ峤ҲħǿĴڣһλӽΪ
գȷû
ħ峤ɫء
ǵģҾûпǾʼͶӰҲ²⣬Ǹ˺ܿӵʼѪʼתһ˵Щ̿֡
ǸͶӰԺӰƺĨɱ
Ӱ̫ʼˣʼʲôˣȡ
ʼˣתǲܵ飬ҲΪʼתӵʼѪǼпܣ˵ʼʱѪЩѪҲǲܡħ峤
ʼͶӰôͣջЩ޷⡣
ʼѪ϶̺ʼ־ʼļ䶼һʼ־磬һѪԳصϢһ̺Ϣħ峤˵ţΪأ彮Ժʮа˾񾳽磬ʼļ䣬δزܳΪڶʼ棬ϾʼѪģҲ൱ʼĺӡ˵ѧԺѧѰˡ
峤ȫѧԺλӵʼѪĴ߽ӻյ
ûôףҸոմһϢ˵汾ԴʵѧԺкܴĹϵѧԺԺ汾Դŵ汾ԴǰԵĻλѧԺԺܿӵΪħ峤
ѧԺ񾳽ǿߣȷʵѰˡҲǵ˵ͷԸһɱԷ̫ˡ
ʱȱҲħһҲһħ峤룬ƺơ

ʱȥת۾һǧꡣ
һǧ棬ɽҵĲԽԽ࣬ǴӵǰռӴܳĲࡣ
ΪػɽѧԺʮץ˳ʮˡ
ҪˣΪǲòٴ
һ죬ѧԺһжɵĽţҵ˽
Ժ
ǣ֪ǹʲô˼
룬ڣ죬ȥһǳ磬ͺԼ̸һ̸
̸һ̸
ƺ뵽ʲôԺڴѺɺеѧԺˡ˵ʵԽԽϾԼ̸ˮ棬ҪɺɵѧԺ򡣡
ǺǺǣѵҾ޷ѧԺˡ
֪˼Ҳûй
ţʱˣ԰ѺɺеѧԺˡף֮⣬ǳҲˣѾľ硣ҹ۲죬ǳͻƵ񾳽磬ǲܵ顣ǳϾֻһ磬ͻƵ񾳽磬Ҫ档
˵ͷҲ֪㡣
֮ǰͽ۹ǳ磬ͨӺɿռ䣬Ϊƿߣвͨ
ӵС
С˵磬ʵкܴġ

ǳ磬ٴǵĸоѾȫһˡ
ǰǳ磬Ǹ͸ⷽʲôطˡ
ⷽ棬ʵɢһƬռܻ磬Щϵͳ磬ʵҲǲĵ
ϵͳ淢ײһƬռѣЩС˵ӦþǵЩײĿռ䣬γɵɡǵ˵ţѾ϶𰸡
ΪƬռ֮ڣܵ˱ĿռϢĿռϢ
ײƬռ硣
ϵͳûлӦܸоϵͳ
ɳ̫ˡ
Ǻð֮ϵͳŻ
ǲÿɷ񣺡װϵͳܸң㵽ʲô
ϵͳĬ֪ǵĸˣôе⡣
Щ޷Ӧ
ʱԹԵȻ㻹Ը˵Ҿ˵˵ҾܡһΪ㼫п汾ԴĻǷ汾ԴҲ汾Դںϲһֻ־ڶܣĳǿߴĶǿʵѾ񾳽磬ñȿʼ棬Ĵߡֿܣ㱾һ棬ӡ
˵ŵʱҲڲϵؼϵͳķӦ
ԵģоϵͳƺЩˣΪϵͳƺںϵһ壬ʱҲʼ
˼ҾûвУҲմһߡЦЦ㣬̽ѰϵͳܣԲʲô¡
ǻ˵ʲôʱϵͳٵ
⵽Ѿϵͳĺܣϵͳͣ񡭡ϵͳȨ޽µȨ޽С
Щ˶±ˡ
⵽ô£ϵͳˣ
Լϵͳ©ϵͳҪչ˰ɣ˵ҪչҲҪٵȵȰ
ڶЩˣ֪Լ˵ˣҲĶѣϵͳҪǱˣԺŪЩԴȥ

Ժ
ŵǣЩôˡ
ǷӦ˹Ȼ޷ͽЩû£ѾӦɺˣֱȥɿռɡ
Ժɽɿռ䣿
Щ𾪣Ϊ֮ǰʱһ㣬ÿλҪɺɽ
ЦЦʲôɿռ䣬ǿˣʵǳ汾Դ֮أ汾Դ޷ͣЩνĺ֮Ʈɢ汾Դ֮ѡʵֹңڵΪɿռҲʲô¡
ģ
һ£ȻܵһģĿռ䡣
ɿռ䣡
߰ɡ
ǲڶ˵ʲô뽪һ뵽˺ɿռ䡣
ϵͳŵϵͳָҲԼһĶ


1881 ʦɣ
ɿռ䡣
ɺɹȻѾڵǣͬʱҲ˽
˶ЩȣΪǷֽȻѾΪ
棬˵ûǵǾԲͻƵ𾳽ģ棬׾ͻ硣
ܾô
еӣʵǽ޷ԼʥʽҲͻƵ˵𾳽硣ǳѧԺλҲмλͻƵ硣
ɺɻ࿴˿Ҳ֪ô¡
ö࣬ҲӵƣȻͻƾ硣
ܿ죬׾뵽ʲôߵˣЩҼǵõɶȥģһ趼ˣûлǲе̫ˡ
Σ֪׻ιš
ҲһˣĲʵҲͻ˭ǵѧԺ֮󣬳Եĺúȵĺ˯ĺãԸ˵ô죬ܲõǻɣ˵ѧԺЩĳԴԼĸַãǲҪҽһ£ϾѧԺҲһСѧУôҲǺܴġ
ۣ
ԱߵĽ̲סЦ
ѧԺԺ۾˵Ϲüġ
˵ģЩǳʦΪѧԺ˶ĹףҲᣬһҪҪЩ˵ѡ
ţϸ뻹ûë
Щ׵棬Ǿ׵ˣҵĶ㲻ø⳥ô
׶ˣȻŭǲǵɵЩ˽ѧԺȥʲôˣ浱Ҳ֪㻹ҪǵѣһûҪǵĹأ
ЦˣǵĹʣѾˣҪ㶼ô˵ˣҿôҲһƿߣǰҲҲæôˣ͵ҳԵˡ
׺Ǻǣ㻹Կˡ
ô˼˵ȥڵģҵڹȥ״ô꣬Ȼռһ
һҲҡͷЦģǶֲŹ֡
赭дģǴôͷƪˣҲʲô£Ҳ˵ʲô
Ժרźİɣ룬ҿԺڵΪҲ𾳽ˣǽķɿ졣
һֱĺܿ죬ֲǲ֪ЦЦ
ӻɣ˿̶ˡ
㶼ǫһµôҲֱ̫ˣԼͰԼˣӡвѧԺѧҲˡ
Ȼһġ
ǿҲû˽ԼĻҲЩΣðɣ˵£ҹǴʽλѧԺְģ֪λô
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˵ھͿȥˣҪ֪֮ǰ˵Ҫǵһꡣ
ǶһĴˣҸЩ̫ͻȻˡ
á
ɳһ£ͷ
棬ѾڴѾá
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ʱ׵ˡ
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ɺǺǣƺϵЩ
ЦЦǾ͵Ǹģû취˭ѧԺȱʦء
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Ȼͣ˭ǿ߶ࡣ
Σǿˣ˸ǣʱҲֱץߡ
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ͬ⣬Ǻ⣺Ǿô˵ˣһҪͣһЩ죬ʱߵʱǡ
˵ţǴŽ뿪ˡ
ɺ໥˿ЩЦãǿˣǳѾȫΪǵĺ԰
뿪˺ɿռ䣬סĵط
˿̵ѾΪǵһ̣͸оǡ
Ժˡ
վʶԼҪ뿪ⷽˡ
ΪԼǳ磬һ·񾳽磬Ȼǲܵġ
һȥ档
˵ͷԺˣһȥѧԺӦúܳʱ䶼ˡˣǵĺӿҲҪѧԺˡ
˵ӣ϶һЩЦݡ
ѧԺҲãʱҺԺ˵һ£ǶΪѧԺѧںӵ֣ǻ˵һӾͽ˼Ժ˵ڶӽ˪
Ȼᷴԣʵͦõġ
˵ţǺͽѾˡ
𣬽
ǿ˿Ķӣֿ˿棬ɱǿˡ
ˣҲЩϲ
סǼ˺ܶݣȻһǾ뿪ˡ
ǳ磬ʮ֮
ٴμ˺ɺɣˣڳȥѧԺ
ɻã˶Ҫˡ
ֻ󣬾ȻһǧˣЩȫǳٮٮߡ
һԣװʲôûпûϵֻṩһѡ
ɣʲôôһҲ֪ʲôӡ
û⡣ҧҧΪȥ棬̻ô
⣬Ȼÿ˶ǩѧԺƸ飬ʽƸЩΪѧԺʦ
һȺʧǳ硣
ٴγֵʱѾѧԺ
ɺɾ͸о˲һǵĸоޱǳѹָо˿ȫʧˡ
˵ʶѧԺ˲ͶѧԺϢ
ʱҵѧԺͨڡ
ǵȥʱһ͸ǡ
汾Դ򣡡
ɺɻ࿴һۣܿԷľ塣
̫ǿˡ
ɱǡ
ǲʲô汾Դ֮ܵĵطĿռ֮⣬Ҫȥ϶⵽汾ԴĹȻҾ汾Դһܻɱǣشǣǣ֮п϶ǿġ
ɺ⻰ʱЩ
ǳ磬޵еĴڣӵпɱǵ
˵ģ汾ԴͬȾǿҲв٣Щδر
˵ھѧԺҲ޷뿪ѧԺΧüͷ֮ǰȫһ
ףĿǰҪھͽӡ
ҡҡͷڶһĨڣʱӣô
ǹʲôЩ
ȻǵѧԺʦǼѿڶΪأǽѧԺš
ĬȻоֻˡ
ʦҪʦ
Ƿģұ֤ǻᰮҵģϾûʲôȽ˸ߵҵˡ˵ţһԶ˵ӡ
һӶһǧλʦѧԺĽʦֱǧء
ЩʦȫѾǰ֮ˡ
һ
ѧԺ¡
ǡɡɶڣɺҲѾӦѧԺ
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ģһѧҲѧԺᷢ顣
ǾġЦȿͷɣʵһֱ޷⣬汾Դ򵽵ʲô
ԣҲɻ󡣺ñǸ磬û汾ԴڡҲǵ
⣬˵˵ҵ뷨Ҿ汾ԴӦһֳ򣬾ʹõĵϵͳһϵͳǵĵԲֿܳӻĲ棬Ǹӷʹá汾ԴֲǱģΪûϵͳȻڵײʹ̨ԡ룬汾Դ֪
ҾòǡҡҡͷҾ汾ԴӦһ涼汾Դ塣汾ԴܲΪڲԼ壬汾Դʵ汾Դˣˡǣֻϵļѡ
棿ס˼
Ϊһ棬ǳ䵱汾Դá
᲻ᣬһԼ
뵽Ǿò޿ܡ
Ҳһ
ʱԼ뷨˵˳֮󣬺ɺɶüͷ
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ԣ޷ˡ
ҡҡͷҲ˵ͨҲ˵ͨǵ֪ʶˮƽ̫ˡ
Ǵ֮ڣһҲֻܿԼһƬա
ʱʲô
һµ⣺ʵѧԺ֮һֱ˼⡣
ʱ䣡
ǺͺҲ˼ʱ䣬ǿ϶ҲиԵ⡣
ɿ˲˵ʱԹԵһֱΪʱǺռάȵһλǵѧԺ֮ȴֲġҸһ¡
˵ţǺͺɶ뵽ɴһ硣
磬ƺûʱ䣬һжǾֹһǺַܿ˲ͬ
ΪǷʱ䲢Ǿֹģǵһ̣ʱͶ
ûгֵʱʱǲǾֹģ
ʱΪǵĴڣű壿
Ǻͺɵ˼˿̶Ӳõĸо
˺ܶ࣬̽˺ܶණ漰ķ棬Ѿȫݡ
Խ֣̽Խ¡
˶оԼӲãһǽܵϢǰܵϢ
ɡһֹͣһεĽбҪȥúЩ
šҲǵ˵ͷ

ʱֹ꣬һǺȻоԺ֮еĲ
ϵͳ
ǲˣǱϵͳֻ˹


1882 ϵͳ
ǵǸһЦݣϵͳˣһ˯ôһΪ㳹ݿء
ϵͳݿأȫҶݿˡ
ôڴҵʲôˣҪ˵ֱӰеһжңʲôװ׵ģҲãҲã˵ǲǣˣṩЩԴ㻹жٿ棬ҲȥˣֱȫҰɡǺֱӵ˵оԼڷˣǰϵͳǸӡ
ϵͳ˵̱ˣ˭
ϵͳû˵ڿ˵Ļ
ɻ󣺡װҶо˹Ҳ˵ѵˣ
ϵͳ
ҡҡͷ㲻ʲô״Ҳÿˡ
ɾʱϵͳڿˣƺЩһˣȹϲ㣬ѾǿˣѾʸȥ̽ҵˡ㣬ϵͳֹȫױϵͳʲôʱҲڵ壬ԼҪ顣
üⶼʲôʲô˵˻
ϵͳĬôŵô
ϵͳǵҪԱϵͳκνģϵͳв
ǵ˵ͷš
һЩС˵棬겻񣬶Ҫ˸ˣ˵ģԼϵͳû˵ǱȽˡ
أûбҵˣǻҪһЩʵʵĺôɲЩ
ϵͳԸ⽻ֻܴϵͳŪһЩԴˡ
ϾѧԺϵͳṩԴǺҪġ
ЩԴ԰ѧǸס
ϵͳûгɣش˴ϵͳ»ָʹãϵͳۺڵΪ磬ԼĿǰѧԺĸȨԼϵͳĹܽ˵
ЩЩ
ϵͳҪ˵ģʵʵĺôˡ
һԺϵͳٶ֧ϵͳģرա
ڶϵͳԴȫšЩԴڿЩԴڲʹá
ϵͳȨޣ߼ԺϵͳΪϵͳΪ
򵥵㣬͸¶ȴܶࡣ
ǵһ㣬Ժ󶼲֧ˣҲͲΪ񱼲ˣ԰ĵԼˡ
ǵڶ㣬ϵͳ˴ԴȫǿţԺѧԺķչҲ졣
ĵ㣬ǳ׷תϵͳλá
ǰϵͳȥʲôںˣԺҪģϵͳǸϵͳҲͲԤҪ顣
ǵ˵ͷ֪õĽˡ
Լ׻ЩʵʵĺôǻҪһĲ鿴ܿȫˡ
һԺƺһӴﵽ߼Գ֮Ϊ񼶣˵ʥҲУʵûж塣ԺƺԺȫûƣжѧУҪ֪֮ǰѧʦһģ㲻ܴǸһǸϵͳ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
ԺȨҲ̬̬ԺȨѾһ㼶ķһǾġеҲˣҪԼȥ̽
ϵͳԴȫǣñ츳Ƭϵͳƾһʮ飬ǰѾΪǵģʣµҲȫǡݿ֮ģЩۼмţЩڿģٶȣʵ졣
ʵ֪ЩҲ֪һ㣬ǾϵͳһĴ
ϵͳĶʵġ
ģϵͳЩ磬ǳ磬ʵһЩñȷ磬磬磬Ĺ硢ȵȣЩҲȫѧԺţѧԺʦѧȥ
Щڵ壬ҲܶļһЩʦ
壬Ǿǹ￨ƣԺϵͳ￨ˣҪʲôʦϵͳΪǴ϶ҪʱģȻܿ죬ѧԺ񾳽ʦҪˡ
ϵͳԴ취ԼĹҩ֮ģͬҪʱ䡣

ϵͳܵİЩ꣬ȻͲ˵ˡ
һȻũūѸ質ĸоũūϵͳҲǵǶϵͳ˸мûϵͳĳ֣綼Ѿˡ
ϵͳллˡ
ǻ˵һлĵġ
ϵͳĬ˺ܾã
̲סЦˡ
һԺȨȳУԵĸоԺȨȵĲ򵥣ڵԺȨѾһ׵㼶ֻƾһԺͨһ
ԺȨȼ仯󣬱һ³ϣһˣµ֮
룬һϵͳ
Ժ֮˺ܶˣȻĿ꣺ϵͳʥ֪ɣʥ粢㴴Щ棬洴ѧԺʦҪܴɣ
棬ʥǣĹ
ѧԺ֮УѧҲмλҲǺ֮ǰǿеѧԺʦ
ϵͳһ֮󣬻ϵͳ϶ΪѾ˽ɾż磬ڽɾϵϵͳ޷졣ֻǴɾż棬Ҫʱ䡣
ɾżҲ񾳽磬Ŀǰǿˡ
ꣿ
ôʱ䣬ǵһΪҲ˲ꡣ
ⴴһɾżҪ꣬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Ҫͨطڽɾż֮ҲǱȽǿĴڣȻҪʱ䡣м򻯣ʱһЩֻҪ뱣ĽɾżΪҲꡣϵͳ˵ѾȫΪǵĸƭǡ
껹̫ˣҵȲôãڵȲôáҡҡͷȻ뵽һˣǿ޷أҪã
޷壬ǿǣҳԵ
ϵͳһ֮޷Ҳӵнɾżʵյͨط٣ϵͳҪʱ䡣Ƕ޷м򻯣Ϊ񾳽ĻӦÿ̵ꡣ
Ƕʱɥⶼûһڵô
˼ãǾԼǴһ΢һİɣܿѡϵͳǴ̹أ
̹ŴڣǿٵصʵҲġ
̹ţֲǽɾżܲҪ˰ɡ
ϵͳҲǵ뷨е̹ŵΪԶΪ߼Ҳ趨Ϊɰ˼ǽ߼̹ţҪ꣬ǽɰ˵̹ţҪʮꡣ
߼Ҳ硣
ɰ˼񾳽硣
ǵ˵ͷ˵ʵʱ仹ܽܡ
Ҳʱ̫ˣǻĲֻ࣬һԪģǾǧ߰꣬ʮ괴һ൱һԪԴһٶλˡ
ǵ˵ͷʮʮɡ
ǲûмϵͳȥ죬뵽һЩϵͳһЩ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
ϵͳǿǳҪãѯʵЩڴô취ҪʱԶԶڴ˵ģϾҪ˵ļ䣬Ҫ˵
취Ӧúܼ򵥡
Ȼʱֻϵͳǳڸ߽㼶ĻҪʮꡣ
ʮꣿ
ЩϲʱͶ̵̫ˡ
Ͼһɰ˼̹ŶҪʮˡ
ǻɴ㼶ķǶԴˡ
룬ֵҪǿ߱أ
ϵͳʱص߱Ҳڸ߽㼶Ҫꡣ
ʱҲ㳤ô
Ѿȫȷˣ취ҪʱҪԶڴġ
֪ˣʱĻȴǳ룬һǺôģ㴴ʹãͻƵʱ򽻸
˵ֵ֮Ļѽɰ˼̹Ҳ
ɰ˼̹Ҫʮ꣬ǳҪʮ꣬һҪʮˡ
ȴ֮ǲܴĶʱĻҲſǺ滹Ҫʲô
ʱٿǣҲ١
ϵͳı仯ǴĺôޱȾ޴ġ
ǶϵͳҲ˸ҲԼϵͳĺܣϵͳһ¶ԼеȨޡ
ȻҪԭΪˣҲѾʸ֪Щˡ
ǵһɫĹ˸ţǶ޷ĵط͸ȥϡܿһ硣

һǧԺѧԺһޱȺ䶯顣
ͻˣһͻƵ˽ľ磬൱񾳽磬ѧԺһλ񾳽ѧ
Ҳţ񼴽ΪѧԺһλѧ꼶ѧ
һλѧԺеѧ


1883 սʮ
ͻƣӰǾ޴ģ˶֪֮ͻƵô죬츳кܴĹϵ
츳漶֮ǰѹԼٶȣ츳漶֮󣬺һͻƵ񾳽硣
ѧԺͻƣȻǲĽֻͽ㣬ѧԺط˹
˵ʵǶЩ⣬ͻƵ̫ˣǴ˼һ
ѧԺطѧ˿ҲǸ뷨
׵硣
׿ķ򣬳˾壺ϴκ˵ܺܿҪͻƵŶãȻͻˡͻƵ弶㣬ҪŬĲУȻ׷ⱲӶˡ
ʱԱߵһԱ糤ͻƵɾ籾ͱȴĶ࣬ͻƶǧ꣬˵ˣʱһľѧԺһǾ糤ģԺ糤һɾżľ磬ΪһĴڡ
⻰ÿɷ
ɾżô׵顣
ЩҲӴɺɣǾǽɾżľ磬׸оԼλʦǰûκܿԡ
ɾż̫ǿˣǿѾȫڿķ롣
ɾżһ̫ңԶˣʱȳŽ߼ŬɣϾҲֻ߼磬ʸѧԺУȻĻֻܴѧԺҵˡ룬ԤҲٹһЩ꣬˾ͲòѧԺҵ뿪ѧԺ
Աͷ
ܼѧԺȥԺ֮·ͻѺܶࡣ
Ͼ뿪ѧԺ֮󣬿ɾ޷ѧԺڵԴˡ

쾳
ҲõͻƵϢ˿̵Щء
Ȼͻˡţڻֻǽ弶磬о֮ڶδͻƵľ磬ԴȥȻҺĲԽԽ󡣡
˺ܾã֪ԼҪȥˣֻ쾳չͻƿ϶ܶࡣ

ҦܵסҦЩգôֱˣҲˡ
ôõһγͷĻֱȥҦܺˡ
ͻƵѧǸöá

޹СҲ֪Ϣ
˵ΪʲôͲҵһͻһΡСˣˤ˼ӣߣͻƵģǽ߼һͻƵһҡ
ʥŮôˣһŮѯʵŮǽ沮ˣҲһλ벽ֽϣǡ
û¡СҡҡͷȻϣǣȥʣɶʱ뿪޹Ҳˣʵ޹ġ
˵汾Դ֮治ȫϣεʥʥŮͲ޹СȺȫû־һĵľȥ񶼲޹
ȻҲСˡ
ǱˣҪܷˣϾÿ˶Сôٶȡ
Ŀ죬κεطͨõĵ

ͻ֮ǵһʱԼ
ǻǱȽϷĵġ
Ҿȣôͻˣһʲô㣿ЦʵŬһ£ȡΪѧԺĵһоҾˣʵһȽʺо
ţһġ˵ͷҲѧԺȥһЩԼϲоĿ
ˣҲ漶츳֪ƫķģѯʵ
Ҳ˵ƫʲôӸоӦֶ編򣬶ǳɣַصĶоһͨûʲô谭롣
û˵ʲô²Ⲣÿ˵漶츳ôֱۣеĿһۺ츳
Ȼӵ漶츳Ժ϶ʮþȵ顣

ĳ죬ѧԺ֮С
ںͽ̽һڿռ⣬ɾʱ򣬽ɫȻˡ
ͣŽֵʲô飿
ýģ϶С¡
һҸոյǱߴϢһСʱ֮ǰںսͻϮʮڵսʿսһƬңΪս˧ڷʱ򶼲ںս˴ιѴ̡
ǳĬˣʵ֪ǻ˧Ҳһֱս϶š
Ŀǰսϣǰ˴ͳ˧˧һֵʱԼֵʱ֮ڣںս顣
ǷͻϮҲһʧʮڵսʿɣ룬Щ꣬ںսϲ󷨣Ѿ˺սıԵ򣬶ڶʱͻΧѣ˵һӻɱô˵սʿˡҲǳԭ򣬽Ÿڲֵʱ䣬ѧԺ
ʱЩصˡ˵ʮλͬʱֻ֣Ӿ͹˾ڲȻһɱߵ֮ǲȥ
ʱǾȫˡ
ˣһͻϮ˵ڣҲûá
ˣʲôѹͻȻ֣˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡʧأ϶ҪһеΣΪ˧϶Ҫ֮ǰĺһҪеȫΡĻ˧λӹǱסˡε֪Ǻ˧λӵģΪ˧ڼ䣬ΪѧԺȡ˺ܶ棬˧λûˣԺЩҲҪȥ
֪ˣںսо˵ʲôұȥ롣
ãԷһƮһ飬ϾǸոͻƵɰ˼磬һУЩȽǿģ˵ΣաƮͲһˣʵ涼ڶģļλΧ˵նɱ˶Էȫ˿϶ûġǶƮʵǱȽϷĵģ޷֮ʱ򣬼ûκ
ܾ뻹ǴӦˡ
ԤеλصսôɣϾвˣЩ˴˴ξԻûѡ
ȥ֮ȴǿ
塣
˹֣ոҲ˵ˣ˵ںսͻϮڼҴҵģӦҪغսɡ
ͷûʲôġ
ЦЦǺã壬Һһ뵽ս
֪˼ǵΣգԾŹȥܲܰʲôæ
壬ʲôôеĻҿǰ˵ʵڸ߽㲻ҹȥҲԼȥġ
СȻûп㡣˵ţǺãҲһϾͳ
ѧԺſڣƮѾڵˣոѾյǵĴ
ڿȥսƮǺڴġ
ѧԺ֮Ʈ뿪ѧԺ⻹ϵĵһγȥ
ھͳƮѯʵ˵սвٵ˵ʵǳ磬Ϊ񾳽ǿߺ٣ҶһֱûгֵĻᡣ
ֹ٣λ
֣ܴ˭
ﲻǳ磬ƮֵĻúܡ˵Ǳİ˴ˡԼ֯ве棬кüǧˡЦЦ˵ںսƮ־ᡣ
Ʈ˵ͷ֪ڵ磬һʵȴ޴ʩչǶôơ
֣ܺԼҲġ
ʲôȻǳΪ
ǰǳûлᣬδزܣʵ֮ǰǾƹ˵ʵʱĶˡ
ֻʦɣûɵɣô뿪
ڲһˣǳǿ߶ˣͻƵ񾳽磬κε⡣
ٶȺܿ죬ֻʮӾ͵˺ս
˿̵ĺսԵĲһ
˸յʱܷѾڵˣҲǵ֪Ϣʦǻˡ
Ʈû
˵ͷǱ߱˵
ܷͷȷʵҪͽ˵顣
·ϣֻܷʮλͬʱ֣лһλǾģһ˲ͳǵķǸ֣һҪ渹ˡ
渹أô׵顣ȴǲÿɷ񣬡ɵأǵɵûʲôʧɣ
ãΪҪǴͻƵģǲûʲôʧܷ
⻰ġ
ɵѧԺսĵ̣ھһٶķչɵĹģѾﵽһʮˡ
һʮˣΪԲ񾳽硣
и񳬹ʮλ
ÿһɵսʿͨ󷨣һʮɵֲĻݽȥ
˻˵ţȻӦ˼ǿϢ߲ơ
Ҳԣ˴˺澺ɶѧԺûʲôøС
κս£ץסᣬЩôܲ侮ʯ
ʦ鷳ˡܷҲоʲôЩΡ
սûô̫ƽⲿڲ
ⲿûһֹ֣ͣǵĿĲԶҪռ档
ڲ˴Ϊͣ
ǿİ֯Ǳڰûҡ
С¡
ǵĺܣʵҲͨˣ˾̴ְ˧ˡ
ȻѧԺʧһЩ棬Ӱʵû֮еô
ٵ0472ռڵ㡣
һһİ
üӦһλҲ֪ĸģҲ̫ˣȻֱ֡
Ҫ֪ڻ˧ˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôֱ0472ռڵȥ֮󣬽ˣﾹȻѾʮڵˡ
ϸǵϢǡ
ʮλ
ֻⳡ棬ôøƵģЩ


1884 ɵ
ŻʣµһλãܵȥûкЩ˴к
Щ˼Ȼ߲ƣȻҲǿˡ
ֱ֮ӵ˵ɣǼټҹʲô
ʱҲע⵽ˣЩ澹Ȼһˣ˲ǱˣȻСȵʦ¡
ոȻûע⵽
ȻҲǽû뵽¾ȻͻƵ񾳽硣
Ҫ֪һѧԺʱ»ֻǰ벽񣬶Ҫ֪ˣƻѹɡ
ϾȢһŮѾֲģλŮŮ񣬻Ҫ˻
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ˣǷˣһһĵĹƨѧԺʦȻҶ˵

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ɱ
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÷׺ߵոշһͻϮ˭֪´ʲôʱٴηͻϮǻͰض汻ɱˣܵˣʱ˭壿
⻰˵ûëֻǸոջͰضΧɱʱզô˵

Ʈſ÷ףҲǳ˵⡣
÷̲סüͷ
ʱ˵ĿЭĲ׵Ҳ׷˳վ˿÷׺档
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⻰÷׵ɫźÿ˲١
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̲סЦˣⲻթô
ǵСɵľˣڵʱ˵ѧԺѧԺҲɹ顣
ΣҧҧҲ
ߣ⳥Ǿͼ򡣸ղʵǵĲЩԣΧɱһˣƴˣδزնɱеһȻĿ˿ԱȽĻǼ˵ٴȰնɱˡ
һΧɱɱԲѡ
ضʱȴ㵱ǰ裬ڣɱ˻
ôǾԡһҪֵӡ
Ķ֣ʱǲոѾˣǰλѧԺʦЩ裬ӦǺܾû˶ˣǵ˺棬սԽԽǿǻԸĻһǧУܰѻı
⻰˼һ£
Խ棬ƮĹԽǿԺ氲ضͷƶԵԽԽǶ֣֮Σˡ
Ҫʲô⳥÷׳ʱˣѧԺռϷ磬ôˣȷʵȽѡ
һڽҺ㼶ֱӿڣȻѾˡ
ôȥضŭһڽҺ㼶ʱڶܴճ
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˶ǳĬˣҪĶģֻǰضͷƶ
ʱҲЩЦãƶͰضڣҪѧԺɵ˭뵽


1885 µ
ģʲôģ
ضͷƶҧҧ˿ĸоˡ
ڶЩ㲻ףѧԺλ񣬱ϾȻ˵֮⣬ҲһƶûС
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÷ף㰵ǵģ⳥ĻҲҪһݡضд
ߣʲôϵԸ͸ԸǾ͵űѧԺλʦնɱɡҲ˻ɵ̣Ҳˣ˿һ㶼ں˵ɱǣԲ÷˵ֱ꣬Ťͷᰲض
Ǵ򲻹ҸǷֵһ⳥ʲôء
Ұģһϣ
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⻰ضҧгݣȴ޿κΡ
ʱ÷ˮͻ᳹׵￨÷ףҲκκô
ٸһӵĿʱ䣬ǲó⳥ǾͿˣҿԣ˭ҪǸҳǾѧԺĵˡԴѣѧԺȻĺܣǶԴ˵ĻѧԺҲẬ˵⿴˿÷ףΪոոо˰ضڶԿ÷״ϵһ顣
÷ҲЩֱ˺˰
ѾǱ̬ˡ
÷ôüͷѵԼ´ˣ⿨÷ѧԺΪ̵ʲôϵ
ԥһҲǷ׷˺󣬲ѧԺ
ϾҪˣҲ̵񣬺ʲôϵ
ǲ˺ţеԺΪ󣬻ҪԺΪ󡣡
Ļ˶ǼЦѣ⻰̫ˡ
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⻰Ǻǡ
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ʱڨڨԶԡ
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λӦҲѧԺѧʦɣ½֮󣬾ͿƮ˵ʵ˻ǺܺģҲ֪ðġϾϴȥѧԺʱҲû˵ѧԺλʦ
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·˷ۣҪۺô
ĻǾûˡ
ʱҲٹĨǣҺѧԺԺĹ˵ʵ˺ѧԺûκìܣСȵǲϵڣǹϵںսֹϵԶԶﲻΪѧԺֵĵزϣܹ⣿
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·ģʹ˵Ǽ򵥡
ʱʵǲǺ֣Ϊʲô˵ǲͿ÷λƺƫ̻˴ǿ÷׸ڹѧԺ
һЩأĻһΪ÷̡ԼЭʲôᣬ߸ɴǱǸˣǺҿ̬ȣòô¡ʱϸһľŪڸʲôӦ˷ѧԺʵǵԤϣԾÿ÷̽һѧԺȻǲ뿨÷ײԸôҲһԲɿ÷ѧԺ
𾪵ĿŽû뵽Ȼµˡ
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ԭȻ
ܵѧԺεʵҲ¶ˣǱ߿϶ҲѾˡ
ֻѧԺⱩ¶ʵеֲ̫˽ҪѧԺ
㲻֪Ҳ͸ˡ
ԣǰܵս˧λǳʲôԭ򣬾ûз˧λҲҪõ
ˣܷһϸ֪ѧԺʦ˧
̾һ˵ʵˣǣλȥ֮ҲѧԺһߵλãѧԺġѧԺ̫ǿˣóλ񣬶λ͵棬δԸ⻨ôĴۡ
˿̲֪øˣǸÿޡ
ѧԺ㣬ѵдô
ǺɺɴѧԺ߳ʱָ֪ķ粨
룬Щ֣ʵϴҼԺʱҵʦӹԺȴԺˣҵʦɣԺһλ񡣡
Цǲ֪
Ǻɺɣһ
ҴСϣܿѧԺʱ䲢ã˽⣬ҼʶѧԺʵҲԸѧԺѺõĹϵҵǿԺ˵һЩ֮⼸ϸ룬⣬˵˾ʾõġ
ŶǵҪϴˡЦЦ
ȣȸ˵֯ɣʵ֯ҪӴ󣬶Ұֹ֯һλλµ˵š
λһֲܿˡ
Ϊˣûĸгλ
λ
ҲЩԾΪѧԺ֪Ҳλѣλе̫ˡ


1886 ²
£ʾ¼
λȻЩˣЩ֮以ǣƣλҲһɱѧԺ
ܴ֮֯󣬶ǲЩ֮еǶ岢ûôӣй˵ĵΧ֯Ҳв롣˵ƺ뿴ķӦ
ֻǿϧûκεı顣
ⲻǽװġ
Ҳãڰ֯Ҳã˵ʵ̸ʲôƫ
۹飬ñ壬Ϊȥòȥ棬ѵ˵Ǵˣ
ֻͬѡ
֯Ҳÿ˶ֻΪԼĿĶѡ
¿ûзӦֻüŵǻΪʥأȫеĻ嶼ҪӻĺʵҲǿҲλλҲǻ档һλ󣬶֮УҲ͵һڶ֮ȡ֮⣬֮лˣ
Ȼ֪壬ͺǿ
Ҳλ񣬵ҲС
澺ͬλڵ澺ţĿҪ塣
ðս֮ģ汾ԴڶαʱͻƵλǳðˣðλ񡣡
еЭле֮ģҲһλںܾõҲǻеΨһһλ񡣡
Ҳֻһλλܵ͵ҲǺʦᵽλ˵ǿ󣬵С
ЭҲλУǷֱǡ
ѧԺжԵ̣λ棬ҲȫΪ

˵˰֯˵ߴȴû˵˺˵
˵ˣǲй¶˵ʵ
ǲ˵ˣǾˡ
һ£ʵأܰѰ˴£һ飬˵ʵɣ
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ûش𣬶˼Ƭ̺ŵ˺ǿ˵ʵҲ֪˱мλ񾳽ǿߣ˵Ĵʼ˿ܱ˵ĵһ滹Ҫǿ󡣡
ȵһ滹ǿ
𾪲ѣ֪˵һЩġ
˵涼񾳽磬һڶʵǵʵ
ԽǿǰʵԽǿ
˵˵Ĵʼˣʵȵһ滹Ҫǿ⼸˵˵Ĵʼ˾һǿˡ
˵һ飬˵ʱʱһЩ֪֮ߵغ񣬸¡ȻĻʱҲȲ˵ˡ˵Щصġ
ô棬˵֮Ŀ
˳һȴȰ˵Ҫ¡
ֻ˵һ㣬˵Ĵʼ˺ǿ
һ棬ǲ
ʱҲˣµĻֻƲ⣬Ʋ⣬δǼٵġ
˺ܶࡣ
ΪƮ˽ⲻ࣬Դǽں½
һһ𣬽ջܴ
£˵һԣ˵Щޣ汾ԴǿӸǵģֻҪ汾ԴǾܹ汾Դ򡣲汾Դ̫ǿˣǲûдݻ汾Դ򣬷ˡҲΪǵιתƫ˹ʹǵײһ飬ȻΪײӣֵ顣֯ĳ֣ҲΪ顣˵š
ʵ²⣬ĭ۴磬һЩϣƶϳġ
ò˵лǺеġ
ǣ޷֪飬ʱҲϵõһЩ𰸡
±ɫƽЩ֮ɫȻǱˡ
üͷǱˣѵ£
ɾʱʦ˼޷ΪЩ񣬲֪ࡣҲ֪˭˵ЩһȰһ䣬òҪͱ̸ΪЩǽɡ
²٣ĬĬ˵ͷ
£ӦĲ֪
ҲΪ⣬½Ҳûٺͽȥ飬ܿˡ
뿪Զ֮»ͷ˿ѧԺפأüͷ΢壺ѧԺ֪һЩʲôУѧԺû񼶱ǿߣ


1887 ӡ
Щ㲻ѧԺˡ
ѧԺ˵ЩѧԺӦ˽Ŷԡ
ԼƮӣȻЩ˽⣬ȫһСһ
ѧԺǿʵôģ
ѧԺͻȻðһܸоѧԺѧʦЯűϢҪѧԺ崴ˡ
Զ֮󣬽Щǡ
֮е治١
ǵ˵һ䣬жͨѶȻԼоȥˡ
ôЩһ𣬾ټϻһЩصģҲͲһˡ
ټ壬ֺܾܿͻƵһ١

棬ɽ
֮һƫԶɽİٷ֮һ
ǲɽʮ֮һ
汾Դ֮ǰǿ߸ǲ۾硣
֮Уһǵ
еʮС˿ڴﵽڣǻʮ߸
ƣƼ棬ֻĿǰҲʹսǼʱˮƽ
ϣһ۾ڿΡ
һͨĴѧʦֽˡ
ڿεʱ֮кȻǿϢֻ˺ѿռ䣬֮С
ӸӦһԼͬĿ˿ڵķ
ûˣɽ汾Դʱ򣬵ԴƬ˰Բʮ񡣿Ǻ֪汾Դڶα֮ǰ˹汾Դʱ͵ϴıԴƬں汾ԴƬˣһҹ֮ȫΪĿǰΪֹѾɱˣ˸оΣգȴֱӶΪ׵һӵ
汾ԴǣʱҲע⵽˵汾ԴƬЩ汾ԴƬһţټʱԼ汾ԴķɣϾ˼Щ汾ԴƬȥˡ
λǿѰҹΪ˶
Щں汾ԴƬˣǿ˵汾Դɣʹ־ǰץ׼һȫԶʮ
˵ʱǿ˾üͷһ塣
Ȼں汾ԴƬʱ䲢ӵΪ֮ΣյĸӦеġ
˿̣ǸоһΣա
Ҷҵˣ
üͷѾµô¡
Ҳ֪Լں汾Դ֮󣬹ȻӵΪ磬Ҳġ
Ҫɱ׼ˡ
ں汾ԴĲҲɱȡԴ
ʦôˣ
棬ѧע⵽˿˵쳣
һϼһЦݣͬѧǣʦе㼱£ڿξ͵
˵ţ˾ͳ˽ңڵ顣
뿪ֱ֮Ӿ˺ѿռ䣬Ӵܿ
ѧ˳ֻһſڣǻûϵĿռѷ죬Щѧȫɵˡ
汾Դ˺ѿռ䣬ҲҪвླΪУѧǷƽʦȻһλصĲ࣬ɵ۲Ź֡
˲䣬һƬȻ
ѾϾע⵽ЩֻˣΣա
׷ȥһﻹܣ
һһףһܣŶûУϷ󣡡
׷
˽һһķзǷռ䣬ٶȾȻֱ׷˿ռ䷨
ã
˸оϱƽϢɫ塣
һں汾ԴƬ˶ƿͲУټҲʲôҲûʲôǿķз˿̱˶ϣֱܼ졣
ಣ
԰ӣռ֮һǰͶˡ
˴ӷ֮˳˿˵ȥ·ѿм䡣
λ
ɫѿһ۾Ϳ˵ݣϾҲΪ˽⵽һЩһЩ
˿̱˶ϣԼ׶༪ˡ
һ˶Ȼںһ汾ԴƬΪ㵽ôƫԶǾҲôߣں汾ԴƬ꣬޷ԼϢȫأԶֻҪ΢¶һϢǾ㡣һ˵š
˽ȭͷЦʲô˶ں汾ԴƬҿܶᱻ׷ɱ
⻰˵ǵ˵ͷ
ֻһͨˣȻȥԸˡ
ѻˣȻͬ磬ں汾ԴƬɾ͵ˣֱ־ܰɡ
ץңҪô
ѯʵȴڰ
ôȻǰ׼ˡ
Ϊ׵ĽЦļֵǲǸоҡ
ң
˺޵ֱҧҶɱˣң
׼ҧҧԲУһˣҾҲԸΪĹƷ˵δɱңȻʵǣںϵǿ汾ԴƬ֮Уһ˵ӡǣǸӡǣǸ˵ͻ
ӡǣλɫһ䣬˭ӡǣ
˵أ


1888 
λȫǱɫ
ڿںϵǿ汾ԴӡǵˣֻǸ汾Դˡ
ӡǣʵѡ
ﵽ־ǿߣմȾǵϢӡǡ
ӡǱԶӦ
ܹ汾Դˣʵжǿ
ܿܣһλ
λ񣬲ô
˵ģǼٵģ
ֻǿڲƭǵأҲûܡ
˻࿴һۣ
λֱ׵ϿˣԼӢ
磬Ҳսܱһ仰͸ˡ
ʱЦСӣҿں汾Դʱ̫̣֪֮еܵ汾Դƣ޷֮ġλ汾Դǿߣܾܿһλܻ٣ĻܷӳǿʵҲѡ֮⣬ͬҲҪܵ汾ԴƣҪѾ޴Ĵ۲ܹ
ֻʵĻȻУǱǿġӢޱȵ˵
˶ʱɫһ䣬޷֮⣿
ô硣
ߣԼʲôݣһλΪ˾㻨Ѿ޴Ĵۻ֮⣿̫Լˣϣ㲻żȻ͵ĲͰˡԣ֪Ĵڣ֪ˣ֮󣬻᲻ץˣȡԴ׵ϿҲǵ
˲һδûܡ
ܰںϵ汾Դȡȫת޵ϣ˳Ϊ
λ汾Դǿߣδġ
еģʵԼγ֪ЩȻͼӡˡ
ʱ᳢Լӡǡ
ˣ
׵Ͽ˿ˣͬʱ֡
̧ͷȥʱ򣬶ʱɫ䡣
ڹתҵעŭʱ˵ˣ뷴ˡ
䣡
һһնļϣֻһİӶն
ˣһһȭؿڣһһԴϡ
飡
һ죬ؿڱˣȫΪ˷顣
ͷ­ǼӲĽױԴĹͷҲǳһѷ졣
ֻоԴκģ˾Ҫźɵ
쵰Ǳҵġ
˵ţһ
ӿԼԺȻҵ汾ԴƬڣӡǡ
ң
ﺰҡ
ӡ֮£һ׹֮ɢˡ
ѧԺ֮УоȻȴ̧ͷһ
˼ҹ汾Դʱһӡ汾ԴƬ棬ΪһӡӦ͸ɢˣû뵽ھȻţһ˼ˡϸһ˿ЦݣתͨգǾͿ˿ȵӰ
˼һ£קһͷ
ͷǻһƿգͲټ
˴˿̶ˣѾӡǣȴûиоԮԼ
ҲԣԼλǿҲһ϶ѡ
һˣȥһô
ǸоûУղǡ֮ǰ˵ģλ汾ԴǿһӡǣȻλǿ߲ûиܵȡЦ
ǸܵˣȴǸмӢ
׵ϳſ˹ȥ۳һγһѿ˸סˡ
أ˿̸Ѳá
ˣ
ƺѾԼˣ˾
ʱô죬ֻܵȴűλ׼ʱ궼
뵽̲ס
Լû뵽ô죬һôֱӡ
ŭ壬ҪǲԺһȫɱˣȫɱˣ
ŭλЦѡ
ƾ㣬쿪׵Ц񾳽磬Ҳ񡣺ߣ˹ʺˣںһ汾ԴƬѣԼˡ
׵ϣʲôֱַӴȥ׼ˡӢ˵ţзɳһɫͲס˿˵Ĳӣ˨һѿ˸˩סˡ
˱ֳ޲ֱɱˡ
ǣȥǲʵֱӸӡӢȴǺ⣬קק˱һˡ
ߣ
˵ţҪƿȥ
ɾʱһǿϢգɽǹ˲䶼
˶ʱɫޱȾĿΧ
ΧĿռ䱻ˣ޷ƿռ䡣׵ϵˣģѵǸոһＤӡЧˡ
ߣһ˲ͷɽĿռ䣬˿϶ӵΪس
Ȼη񣬿Ҳ汣ѡ
ȥɱ񣬼ܡ
ϾֻĽ壬ǿľ壬ҲǾ塣
ˣˡмһӢǣţȴǲԸƶһ
ߣŲɱ㡣Ӣǣˣŭ
ɫȴǸӢ͵ش߶Ҫ
Ҳע⵽һĻЩɱҪ˷ʱˣҸоʵǿһҪǿ
ɱ
ǲ˼ģӢһſ˿

˭֪ʱһȴ
ֻ֮гһˣ˿ǰֻһоͼסӢĽױԴս
⡭
ӢޱȣǰͻȻֵˣɵˡ
УҪ֪ǿĽױԴսһ񶼲
𾪵Ļں棬ǰһۣĽױԴսһˡ
ôܡ
һ̣ӢҪսʦǲսֽš
ȻŪһĽױԴսôôס

Įޱȵֻǰһ
ӢֻоԼһʹȻͿԼ룬ԼҲһ˲䱻һΪ
ʱע⵽ԭһ˲䣬ǰǶѵİսնһ
׵ԼҲǴʧɫŵֱԶһꡣ
Ӣɱˣһ˲ͬʱݻ١׵ϺأЩš
̫ǿˣǻҲؿǣǿ˸Ķߣ˸޷УǹҲΣա
˵ţתܡ
ǱˣһնɱӢǿ϶Ҳնɱǡ
ǿ˿Ҳȥ׷˾ô뿪
ˣΪʲôΪʲôҪŹǣǿ塭˴˿ȴЩġ
ֻҵһ׷ȥҲֻնɱ֮еһʱҵ϶ҲҪľˣֵáǵ˵ţȻ˿ˣԵúȤ

˻Щô£ɻ
ǵ˵ͷǰңֻҵһͷһЩҵѡˣѾԶˣֱӴҵͷѧԺɣѧԺ㡣ˣҵͷһЩԷӳ񼶱һ·Σգ߶ͷȻԻ
һͷЩӷӦʱֻǰʧˣֻ֮һŰ׹ĺɫͷ֮ƯţԵޱȹ졣
ѵոճֵģͷ


1889 Ҵоһ
ʵţһͷͻɱһλ
ʲôʵ
Ҫ֪ոλκһλǶ֡
һЩӢ˵Ļˣǿȷһ㡣
ɱҲֻҪһͷͿˡ
һͷ硣
һУͷ䵽УΪͷᣬǵõʱ̲סһץס
Щɵˣͷ̫ˡ
һҪء
оʱץסĲһͷһ档
˿̣˼ǧ
ѧԺģ
λǿ߽ԼȥѧԺԼȥǲȥ
ȥˣԷԼ˶⣬ԼˣԼͶ
ǲȥ
˿˿ͷͷǲʶģߵĻͷ᲻γֱնɱˡ
ϾոѾ˵ˣͷΣʱγԵС
Ҳͷ𵽵һþǼ
ȥȥѧԺĶж⣬Ӧöҡ෴ˣٱҵǲǱɡ
õѧԺѧԺıӻ˵ȫһЩ
ؼʶһ㣬һЩ֮ģ̫

Щ̫Ҫˡ
ѧԺҲܵõЩ
˲ûмǰѧԺȥһǴȥְԼѧǸ֮뿪
һºڸѧڿΣȻյ۵Ĵ
ԺҪ㡣
֪ˡ
֪˭Ŀ⴩͸Ǻӣ˽ϵĿˡ
κӰһ뿪ѧԺ
֮С
˴˿ЩţоԼʱ޿̵ļţмǿʶΣӹ
ˡ
һֻǴԶߵ˿˸ǰ
һǣǸ־Լˡ
ʱҵæǵл˾֮
ǻ˻֣ȴҡͷ֮㲻ϣ㲻Ҫ̫⣬һֱϡ
⻰һЩȣܿȴȻ󹧹İһͷ˳
ǰԭ
˫ţǳʥһ
ǿ˿һͷֻصС
һͷͻΪ˷ɻҡ
˵ʲôסˡ
ڷɱЩں汾ԴƬĲ࣬˾ˣ˵ҴģһʱڵɣһỤȫ룬ȴǵ
лˡˣи֮룬ݴΪʦ֪ɲԡЩ
ΪʦЦˣûôҪҲյӣĵӡҪԺоԸš
ϵĵҲһǾݿɡ
ݿɣҲָĲֻ࣬ǰݿɵһѧԺѧ

ǰһ˸˽ѧԺ͵뿪ˡ
뿪֮ҵǡ
ԺҸо⣬ĿĲ룬һֱڹ۲ſˣһ쳣
ЦЦû뵽Ҳˣ˵ȷ򵥣Ȼصĺܺãװĺܱ΢ӣʵϣκˣԼ߹ˣԼ汾Դļ̳ߣԼ֮ӣ֮ӣҲ֪ڻ̫ˣֱװӡѧԺҲѧԺŪôѣ֮ǰ˵ΪʦҲǳĿġ
ԺôڵЩ⣬ϾҲһλֱ
һͻȻ֣𼸸ġ
û£һжҵƿ֮Сǳһ£ʵһܺõоһں汾ԴΪȻֱͻƵ磬˵ҪǴ汾ԴƬһűԴǲǾ
Ժôܣ۾ˣѾоˣڵ߸
汾ԴʲôŵС˵棬Ǵ
봴ֱǷˡ
ۿ췽ҹ̷
ۣ㲻ҪôҲ֪ĳʶ㣵ġñȴ󲿷˶Ϊڣϣģôɾ˴Բ񾳽磬òһ꣬ͻƵ硣ھ޷һűԴں˳ΪǿߣҲֻ֪ʶˮƽûдﵽһѡЦЦ
ڶѾһſѧо
ڿѧ棬Ǿûвܵ飬һճΪ϶ǿԳġ
۱𾪵ˣǴһʲô
Ҳ۶ʲôͣΪ֪Զûô򵥣ͺñһճΪ񣬵㴴񼶱ıԴܾҪꡣ
ˣǻصѧԺ
Ժ
ǺԼõģҪָ
ǿ˿û뵽ͻƵʱ䲢ΪȴѾԵüΪȹˡ
ιҹģ봴һһּΪǿ˵ţҲԣ㶼нΪˣŵǰķ磬Ҳʥ˼Ǹоһǿˡʵ֮ǰЩҲñǺһָǳɱҼ桢ǳ֮šǳ󡢻ǳǳʮʽЩֻҪЩϵȥһ𼶵ǲġ
Ҳ֪Щ̫ˡ
ȻҲиҰģǾںǳͿռǿķ򣬴һͨΪԼѹֶΡ
ȻڵԶԶ
룺ǳ編Ҳв򣬴ַ֮ݳһǿͨĻڵΪ磬ѶȷʵСɣҰҵһЩĵøڸ㣬ܸܲһЩο
񲻾ЩֱӴˡ
ǽҲ˵ʲôᳯһ㣬ֻһ׹ָ⣬Ȼ׹Ķͷ
ֻоѶϢӿԺһ˲侹ȻЩѣΡ
ŹȥʮӣȻоȥһһ
Ժǣ˸м֪ԼҪǴڸЩѶϢȫϣҪʱС
ľͲö˵ˣȥԼɡʵ˽ɾ֮һеһлҪԼǵ˵ţΪ֪Լһ𼶵ڸ񣬿ǵ֮ҲҪۿۣҲֻܷӳ
˵ͷ뿪
룬ͻȻסʵͨһ¡пļ£ҲпǷļ¡£Ȼǿġñռ֮棬ȻסСһ΢ӣҲܰһռˡ
סŻеĵ˵ͷ

һº
ٴμ˿ˣֺ˼ǵϿָһֲǿ໥õĻӣǹʵĻԪ˻ϣγһָӣǿӡǿȶӺӣӺǹԭӺ˵ĵԪ˴ĳСһˡ
סһͰҵƷһʲô˼
ˣԹҴоһ㣬ҽоĿǿſˣ
һ̲סһ
оңôо


1890 ɪɪ
ǿһӣЦ£ֻоѣˡô˵أҪʱһЩʵѣ͵Ҿ㣬ҵĻرɡȻҲ֪ĿģȻӵΪǸûʵҪҪֻҪоڼҲ̵һЩõĹ
ǰǺ£ȴ̲סĶ
ǲóȻӦԥǻ
ܿ˵뷨㲻ô࣬о㣬ֻЩоļֵ֮ں汾ԴƬΪߣǧоֻҪѧԺһ˵˲˵ǧԸо˻еġֻĿǰﵽҲѣоǿܻջһЩļֵڣûֵҵҲþ㣬԰⵱һֶԵȵĽסҽ㹦һЩ֪ʶȴΪӣΪооˡ
һףǵĿ
һ֪˵ĲԼûмֵƾʲô
֮ӣ֮ӣԼԼУ˸Ͽ
ûʵּۻ۵Ȩ
ǿѾɶӦþҪӦˣȴǽȻҪǾܾңҲΪ㣬ҾͲٱӻˣ׼һ¾Ϳ뿪ĽˡʵӦףЩں汾ԴƬΪĲ֮࣬ͬУʵѾǱġ壬Ǳǣ˵ץ׼ץǳȡԴǺܿܵģô˵ģԲеڶ
̲סһԼҪ뿪˵ܾܿø˵³
֮󣬺û֮ء
Щﻹ˵ʲôּۻۣҪһôģ˿Ҳǲҿˣǡ
ܺá
ЦЦһгһĽױԴװսסսѥͷ󡢻ۡϥһס
˿˶ˡ
˵ʵһĽױԴûС
ȻΪЩĽױԴҲǴײˣһҲӵУԼֲ죬ȥһףԼҲսӡ
ˡ
ǰѶ˿ˣȫЩ¡
ѧԺн񳵺ԯ𣬻ٻʦЩʲô
ѧԺѧΪԲϾѧ඼һĽױԴװе֣ס
ڿЩɶԼĶһֻҸ̫ͻȻˡ
ΪԼо꣬Ǹ֮£ʹһ߽׵ıԴԼ뵽ԼֻǸոմӦǾ͸ԼһĽױԴװĽױԴɡ
ллԺллԺ
˼ޱȣ˿̵ĵĸмǡ
ӹ֮ͰһĽױԴװϣһֻоԼսٴϴˣҲһжӲ
ϤһĽױԴװӦþܷܡʱĻɣ֮ңǾͿʼʽоĿ˵ţ߳ȥʧ˿˵ǰ
˿ԶЩ±ơ
ˣԼѧԺĺôȻء
ֻͷո˼æѹסˣˡ
ǰһͷܻɱˣӵȥΪһĽױԴװ͵ǣҲֵ̫ˡ
ؼô׾ŪһĽױԴװܾûиĺôڵ˵Ҫ͹ܻʹսһأҲʧȥᡣ
뿪֮ٴԺҪô죿
һֱڹעſˣȻľǳ˵⣬ʱɱ˿ˡ
ǵ֪еԭ򣬿ں汾ԴƬ汾ԴƬʵͬԴĶֻʶģ汾ԴƬʶġ
ڱܣۻųˡ
ҡҡͷǸˣҸЩŴŪĺô뿪
۳ĬԺ˲˵˶ָԴװҪֵô
ֵô
ʱ¶һЦݣо˻ҵһʵҵһöӡԺ汾Դں汾ԴоˣԸ汾ԴƬںϵԭˣпԺں߻ɵʵʤʱһҲҵƿ֮¡ˣʱЩֻһЩ򵥵Ĳ֣Ժδػõõ
סû뵽Ǵ⡣
Ҳ֪ںЩ汾ԴƬĲ࣬Ϊ˱ǿɶԷں϶Է汾ԴƬ;ǵõǵԺδزܳΪǸʤߡ
ǿѧԺĹϵ׽㣬Ǿ͸ˡ
ǵӣƺѿеѧԺĵط
֮󣬿һ͵Լõĵطȴǡ
ǿſˣ˵ͷãϸ߰ɡ
ɾʱ˺ȻڵԺҡҸԼһĵ֣档
һЩȵĿſˡ
棿
棡
Щţǿʲô
ɾʱ΢΢һЦ֣ܲԺڵϣҾͳƺˡ
˿ûЩ͵˼ǾԼˣȻӮǵĺøС
ʱع⣺߰ɣҴʽ뵽ѧԺ֮С
˵ţǲȿ˷ӦֱŤռ䣬Ȼʱձ仯˾ѧԺĴڡ
ʵҲ͸оڵռǴڣ֪ǺܿѧԺԱǴ֪ԼµĲ
ʵɲشſ˽뵽ѧԺɺҵҲ뵽Ŀо֮С
֪ɺɵ뷨Ǿͨںϵ汾ԴƬ̽һ汾Դܡ
ҲʶĿԼһ˿ɵģϺɺɵǻۣӦøоһЩ
߰ɣ
Ǵſ߽ѧԺĴţʱһִչǰ
ѧԺУѵдҴææѧΪһ۵ѧԺʦſڽҺ͵ļͷޣѧԺ̳棬綼ϡҩ
һ·ϣȫˡ
ѧԺѧԺأû뵽ص̶ֳȡ
Ժ
˵ʲôɾʱǺȻͷˣѧԺλʦҲ뵽оĿ֮УҲǽо㡣
˱ﻹѧԺ𾪣˿˲Ǳһˮ
һоȻ
ǸҪһоô֮ǰ˵õĲһ
һȥʵǺ棬λʲôˣȻѧԺԺһоԼ
²ӦһλѵλҲǣ
λоԼǲ̫ˡ
Χһ£˭ҪɪɪɣһʱȻˡ


1891 һǧ꣬оУ
ǿǺµӣЩЦ߰ɣǱֵĺãʱ˵λҲô
˵ţ˽ȥ
棬ɺ͵ˣǣǲ⣬ʱǶĿת˺Ŀˡ
Ҳˣֻо˺һͨƺûʲôΪ
Կ϶ɱԼʱᳬһӡ
ʱԵúȤſ˿˺ܾãֻоԼ֮ڵűԴƬɸӵˣԼںǰһȫ·Ů
˼λں汾ԴƬΪôһһЩñûһǿȫǱһǿпٳġǵҲһҲ壬ʵϾ˰ˮ˱ɳӱʯ飬ȻǿȴﵽˣȴȫûԼ죬ƿأһ롣룬Ҳʵһһԭ򡣡˵ţǰץһѿ˵壬ֱۺԴ
Ӿڸ˼塣
ǵ˵ͷǺɣһ۾ͿеĹؼ
ں汾ԴƬΪԲûǿ͹ű
ʵϣȱĶܶࡣ
ÿһǿߣҪǧսɱܴﵽ磬Щں汾ԴƬΪȫûоЩǾǱѼʽ磬ǾֱӱӹඥɾΪǿһʼҲ򲻹ˮ
Щ˻
ǻǿڵЩԻʱֲʱǿܻһҪǿ󡣡
ɺɵ˵ͷ
ΪﵽˣǷȱľ飬ǷȱĹȫͨѧϰսõ
дϲԼĶĶˣֻһͶԼһȫ˽⡣
ԭȱȱƿأȱս顣
ֻҪܰЩֲһܳΪ֮еĶǿߡ
߰ɣȥоҡ
˵ţǰͳһͨͨǱ߾Ȼһǿ硣
סƬ嫵ǿգֻоⷽ档
ҪȣǺʦǿ磬ǵһС档ϸ˵һЩջ񡣡˵ţѾǿ֮С
ʱЦо汾ԴҶЩȲˣǸˣ汾ԴƬҿ
ס汾ԴƬĸڣóҡ
ɿ˾ȻߵŤŤģôһСҾֱӴ汾ԴƬˡ
⻰˲ˡ
Ҫ汾ԴƬĵľ
Ŀ˵ļ򣬰οʦǹģֻоѣɿ汾Դ
԰
Σ֪ѣԼѾˣʱʵɡ
һ룬Ҳܶˣ˵ҲΪ˵õô
ҧҧ߶ԼԺ֮е汾ԴʱһĶͷ˳
ɺɴ˿̶۷Ź⣬Ͼûм汾Դ򣬶Ŵ汾ԴϵıԴǿӵ汾ԴܣҲǳԭ
о汾Դ˵ܸһ
֪Բһ׵飬Ȼ͸ͻ񾳽硣
汾ԴƬôǺֵһŶһ־Բܹо汾ԴӰΧķתռ䶼ӰˣΧʱҲ룬оЩ˼顣
ţ֮ǰ汾ԴʱҲ׽һЩ񼶺ʹԲ񼶵汾ԴƬʵࡣںԺлǷһЩ仯仯ô˵ءǷһˣһЩ˵ӡǡ룬汾Դо϶Զɺɡ
һ˵ıԴ϶ҪӡˣЦ㻹˵汾Դһķɡ汾ԴҲһһеķ򣬶ܵĿơ˭ƿʵ˭֮
ǳĬ˵ܡ
оۣҲûбſˣһֻ̿оĸо
ģ˭ڸʲô
ǰħôǿ汾Դ򰡣Ǿô²ô
һֱһ£εоͣ
ظһ棬˶Ҫˡ
һ棬ǴϻһЩ汾ԴоݣջܴΪָһ¹ڹɡʱĿˣ˲۾
ôãڵһô
ʱҲϻѾʼνһкϵķţ˶죬ͬһֹ֮ͬҲֲͬĽҹҲֻڲླ֮ǰôʵ˲ླ֮󣬸ҪķһЩͨ
ĬĬţȻǺܶǲЩ
Ǳ汾ԴƬֱģȷʵҪһŹΪģֻΪͨŹԼƿءҾʹһרõĹ
ţ
ͷڴѡ
ǽҲϻܿͰѹ˿ˣȻһŹҪ㣬ʹҪѿ˸ˡ
˴˿̻ûзӦֻŹǿޱȣԼٷ֮һû⡣
ѾٽˣҲֻѡ뿪

ʱţת۾һǧꡣ
һǧ棬һֱÿооҲﵽ˳ǧΡ
ԼЩϰˣһǧ棬˵ʵҲͻͽԼ׵ˡ
֪Լ⻹ԶԶ
Ϊ׵ѧԺһЩ񾳽ѧսġ
ԼδЩѧĶ֡
Щѧ磬ǲ⡣
һоȻָ˿һЩĶ˿һ
Ĵ󣬾ԼҪȥúоһ¡
Ҫ뿪ѧԺһס˿ˡ
ü˭ҵ·ʲô
˿ֻдԲΪ֪ѧԺѧʦѧԺ˭ǡ
Ϊǲ
ôʵʣѧԺϳ¶ûкġ
ʹ֮󣬲ȶ˻ػҪƵߡ
⡭
ƾסˣ·ôƵˣ
Ѿģôơ
һλ


1892 ѧԺſڼ
ſҪߣƾԸˣҾģôô׾ˡ
ԣƾٴס˿ˡ
ͣɫѿ㵽Ҫʲô
ƾٺһЦÿЩëȻʲôһ׮һ¡
˿ƾӣܾһﲻʲôˡ
ûȤ
ֱӾܾ뿪ѧԺˣԺƾͶԶԶġ
ƾһЩŭҲ̫˰ɣãǰɣ˾ͲҪڣҸ㣬ҿ׵縱糤Ժ״ӵϹԼ֪ʦеҸҰɫСѧԺȥ
סһȻһԲвˡ
ƾҪԸǻһ鷳£˭ƾһǼк̨
ʱ͵£ǿѹеŭͷ˵ɣ㵽ʲô飿
ƾٺһ£ȥס˵ļȫ˼ʱҪܣžҷһܲĵطһЩˣҪһĴ֡ͬ飬ȻǾܴһʡôĲĶ
Ķë
㲻Ҹˣһȥ˵Ķ
֣ǰﻰ˵˰ɡ
֪Բһ򵥵飬ⶼҪĴˣǶԷ˵
ȥɲɡ
һ˼һҪԺѧϰûȥ񡣡
û£ҿԵ㲻ѧϰˣʲôʱʱ䣬ʲôʱȥ
ҽҪһֱѧϰѧϰʹҿֻ֣밿֪ʶĺ֮У㲻Ҫҡ
˵ţֱŤռ뿪ˡ
ƾȥθסˣϾһסй
ѧϰðˣٻˡ
ƾЩɥ뿪ˣĴֲҰҪģӦҲɣǵʱõ˺ô䵽Ļж١
ǸϣɱҲԿǵģһҲһС£ĺܣһʵǲ˵㣬ҪͻƵ񾳽絹ǿԿһ¡
ƾЩò׷һõطȴΪʵֻܸɿš

֮ǡԼɵо뵽һؼʱ
ʦʦڽ˵һԴǾÿɲܣ룬һԵĿ֮Щ̿֡
챾ԴʲôԴ
汾ԴıԴôҪô
ԡ룬Ȼһܳɹʵ飬Ӧÿռ汾Դоݡ
ǵģʵҲЩԾԾԵĸо
ãǾԴ챾Դǿû˼һļϣ㳢Դ챾Դ
ʱǿ˿ˣ챾Դһ飬ĻҪǧ꣬ĻҲҪʱ䡣֮ǰѾ㲻ٵ֪ʶѧϰѾܲˣȱľһЩԡҾãҪһЩսһЩ
⡭Щɵۣһѧϰһʱ䣬ǵжѧˣǾȻȥ
ҲˣǽûʱˡȥҲʡɣЩôϵ£һעһѧ˺ţȥѧԺѧͬʱҲܵõ㣬Щ㣬һһЩѧԺĹͱ֮ġ룬Ųȿ˾ܾͰ˸ע˺ȥˡ
ܿ죬˵˺žעˡ
˺ŵIDͽ棬ѧԺIDǲʾģҾʹõʵǳơ
ϾѧҲҪܣǳƿʱģѧǽһЩ׺
ǽһ¿ôʹѧԺϵͳȻͰѿ˴ˡ
뿪֮󣬻ȥϸ룬˵ҲеԼȷʵҪһˡ
ϾԼӵʵսǱزٵġ
㿪ѧԺϵͳ˿ӵСѧввдѧġ
һЩר񣬲ЩǷѧԺʦġ
֮⣬ЩѧԺѧʦģһΪȥĳȻ㽱ʱȴܵõҪ
ϸѰңʺԼǲٵġ
Ӣսɱʮλǧ㡣ÿȡһα񡣣ȼB
̽Ѫ棬ѰѪ񾧡ÿһöѪ񾧣Եõһٵ㽱߿Եõһ㽱ȼA
ɱħһ㡣ȼS

ЩʺԼΪ񣬿˷ֺûʮþȵġ
ɱʮλ˾ģ˾ģ̡
ȻǾ;񣬶һսֶαöࡣ
ǻս˭֪᲻ͻȻðһ
ѰѪ񾧣͸ˣ˵ȥѪģһ˻棬ѧԺȼAɼȻɱʮλҪΣա
ɱħ͸˵ˣλħӵһ뾧Ѫͳʵǿ󣬾ˣɱϴΧɱԼλҪǿ
ħ
ģ˷BA񣬸ûΪCҲѾ˽ˡ
˼һ£ʼרһЩԼ
У̫Σգô
˴죬˶Ҫˣʱˢˣֻ棬һ³ֵע⡣
ķߵIDҰݿɣʲô֡
ݺ
żȻһľݵ㣬ݱðŲ飬ݵһվдĲྦྷҺ񽢡Դܶݵ㣬Ȼһʡ˾ݵ㳣һλħ򣬶ʵޣ֪һ޷˵˾ݵ㣬ڼһλӵսĴʱƽ֣ȻռͷҲԣһк
˿ȴЩ
壬塣
֮ǰЩҪץ׼ˡ
ߣˣֻһħ˭֪ħȽģΪҲʲôΣա
ᱻߣȡ񣬶ϵͳһܿͨ롣
һӵ
ƾסЩ£ô£ҷô˽ˣ
Ҳ֪Լûʲô˸ҺӵģһԲһ
ѵԼ֪ʱԼԵˡ
ţһ
ƾ룬ʱԼ˷һϢ磬ѧԺſڼ
һ֣ã


1893 
ƾû뵽Էôʹ죬ȥˡ
СӢƾһСӢԺһҪְһһ˼˰ܴһӭˡոûпҷһ˽ˡЩ֮ǰڮң˵ûԸӵļһϹ֤
СӢ˵ͷҰֵԵѧԺõġ֣㻹ЩѣЩҲУҳȥݷһ¡
СӢ˵ſ˿ԼС⣬ٳȥһӦþ˰ɡ
ƾʱһۣΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ϰֵ㶪ˣǼŲҰӣһ˵һ䣬ɵƯ
СӢǺǣǱҶģ
ڶ죬ƾſ쵽Լʱ䣬ͳˡ
ѧԺſڣƾֻвˡ
ǴҳԼĵطҲ֡
ƾĴ򣬺Ȼһˣˣ
ҪƾΪɶ֪˵ģһרС֣СףͲдǷˣȻͱˡ
ιʲô
ƾֱӵ˿ǰ˿ƾ黹ģǴ˿ֱӺˡ
ôļһԩ·խĸо
û£ˡ
˵˵ţƾ
˾͵ˣôʲôƾҲҵˣνȥſˡ
һһվţǵ˰СʱԼʱ䣬ǺûеȵԼҪȵˡ
ʲôѵ˸ҷҵĸӣƾ룬п˿ΧЩɶԷǲѾˣûϳ
ȿȣƾ룬ԼЩʲôȻֱӺ֮ӣģҰݿɰ
˷׷ײĿʶƾģæǱͷ±ƾˡ
Ұݿɣǳƣ
˲һͷЩɵɵĿƾǣǡҰݿɣ
ƾҲסˣѵʲôԣݿţҵȻݿˡѧԺ˭֪ǳƾģңһ˭֡ȻһһǳƽҵĶСӢԭͬϡȵȡ
˵ţƾ뵽ʲô
ſ˿ֿȻЦߺȣղŵı飬ѵ֮ӣ˵ˣ֮ӡ
ĶˣҲ֮ӣҲǡ
Լûʲôá
ƾʱһѸһӵ˵ĲԸ˼һӣǻȥ֮ҷһˡҾ֪㻹ӵģţҹȻûп㣬˹Ȼǿķǵļһ
ޣæ棬Ǹȡѡ͵˹ȥ
Ҫȡ
һȥֻǱ߾ȻһʾȡҪ۳һ㣬㲻㣬޷ȡ
סȡҪ㣿
ƾʱ򿴲ȥˣô㻹ȡ񡭡㲻㡭ǵһɣǰû㣬ҿôȡˣ˳һѧԺƣӵʱԽãȡҪѵҲԽߣΪľǷֹҽԡ
˽Ҫݣ˵Լһһˡ
ƾܵ⣺㲻뱻ѧԺʦ̸׼һ£ϾͿԳˡһε񣬴׬һʣҲ԰ȵͻƵ񾳽ˡ
˺һѾ˵ˡ
һ㣬ʱһܣȻҲܲȥƾ˵ţС̵ˡ
˰죬֪ԼھʹѧԺˣԺ󶼲ˣȻƾ϶Զˡ
ڻ뿪ҪܶණҪѧԺѧϰ
⣬ǵһоҲĺڴ
챾ԴĿô
󣬿ԼƾҲ͵ˡ
ߡ
˿ƾûкɫ
ƾЦЦǲΪ⣬˵ʵô˵ȫһˡ
ϾͻȻΪģϸûơ
߰ɣҵķɴ
ƾ˵ţһӳһҳԼǧ׵зɴ
ɴʵҲһַѧԺзģûʲôר·ٶȼ졣
˿һۣԵЩ֮ɫ
Ҳַ֪ɴѧԺĶһ棬ַɴ֮ΪɽݲͬĵȼɽĶһ۸ҲһĿǰһֳ㼶ɽһҪ㡣
ɽٶĿ죬ϴӵһҳ㼶ɽץסûôס
֮⣬ɽεʺ׷ٵˡ
ƾɽֻĽױԴ𣬿Ƿŵ֮УҲǺıˡ
ƾɽ˿ʮܻ˵Ů͡
ƾ֮󣬾һλŮ͸˵ϡ
˿˿ϣûмǴӦ֮кһƷͬƷԿͬҺ
֪Լڻֻһơ
ϣԼȲ
ֿ˿ƾɽװΣвһЩϧıʯм֮ġ
һпɬԼӦ֮˰ɡ
ƾ˵һεɡҲ˵һľݵֻһħ򡣡˻ǻȥ˽һƾ֪һһӣƷôûԸӡ
ȻǡƾٺһЦħ滹гʮλ񡣡
ǲʮλ񣿡һˣ㷢ʱôд
Ҫдҳɵ˲Żӡ
ⲻſô
Ҫд㻹ô˵Ҳôˣһҷ񣬿϶֪ûô򵥡οֻдħûȷʵλħ򣬿ʮλ°ƾһ޹
ǿǰ˴ĳ嶯ֻһں汾ԴΪʵúܣδһЩǿҺʱ򲻵жԷֱˣ˿ɱҡ
ʲôʵúܣôԼ˵Ҫܣҵɽܵÿôƾ˵ţҪܿ϶Ҳֵܰ㡣
˳ĬûС
ɽٶȺܿ죬˵ŵʱѾ뿪ɽ
Щ˵ԴѧԺ߿ռ䴫ͣԵκһôΪʲôҪɽ
Ŷˡ
ƾ룬ѵҪ㣬Ҿ㿴һҵɽ
ٴ裬浱ǰ׳ô
һº˽뵽һİϵϵһռڵ㣬ÿһʱͻɳһҷɴ

˿Ǹռڵ㣬ɫء
Ǹռڵӵľľݵ㡣ƾ϶ޱȵ
ﻹͦصģôֵģЩ֣ΪǴӽ֮߹հƵʺĵطƾʶ·Ƽ궼
Ŷƾ˵š
˾ˣ˭أ
ˣһҷɴȥ
ƾ˵ţһҺɫķɴˣҷɴ˼æˣҷɴһΣ˾ͻᷢǡ
ƾ˿һۣߵ˵ҵİš
ƾˣ
񶼲ǣôŵô
Ȼƾķɴ˲ʮӣһӰǸռڵ˳
Ϣ
λħ񣬶ţħġ
סҵıݡƾ˵ţҲɳ˷ɴȻӷ˹ȥ
˴˿ƾҪϾȻǲȡ
ԼôĻ쵰һʲô
ɾʱ򣬾˵һĻˣƾλţħһ飬˻Цӯӯġ
ʲô
˶±ˣѵţħһ׳ա
Ȼôܡ
ʲô飬һġ
ƾţħкʱ˷ɴȻͽܵĸ磬ǰ֯ġο
˵ƾִʯĵλοǰ֯һλҲǺòײ뵽æġ
ʯĵ˵ͷ⣬ֵܣˡ
˵ţʯ͵͵ظƾһռָռָȻһǧҺ
ƾЦŽ˹ȴǰһš
Ǳߣ˻㲻״
ô£ƾô˰֯ˣ
ģһﾹȻ˰֯һҪϢѧԺԺ
οˣŽοˡ
ɾʱҲյƾĴˣϸ˵ȷľݵ㣬ȷʮҲȷһվ񲻸ʼįҲһ˵ѾʮĿС׼ˣǸСȴһλ򡣶ǣǰ֯ԮǶԸλ
˾Ͷˡ
ֻǶ֮󣬿˸뿪ھƾһһӡ
㲻һԲ񣬸ô飬ȷԼת
ƾ㾪ʲôʯĿˣ˭߲ˡ¸˵˵λħսһĵͽһλޱȽӽİ벽ͻƵ硣
оƾʱΪʲôЩ˵
ƾǺǣҪ˵ˣ㲻ˡ
һ֪㡣
ˡ
ƾʱ򿪿ڵѿˡ
ѹеķŭƳһʯģ߰ɣǰ·
˵ţϵϢ¶ʯĶʱһ𣬹Ȼ硣
ʯȻҵ˾ͽ뵽С֮ڡ
뵽С磬˾֪ƾ˵飬ֻͣ񽢾нʮңĸַɴ
һ·һطﾹȻʮǿϢ
ʮ
𾪣ҪǱΧƲҲҪˡ
ѧϰʱ仹̫ˣоٸԼǧʱ䣬Լһ˶Щ񣬿ԺĻɱǡ
ԼȻɿ죬˲١
Ҳûа취ˣֻܴˡ
ƾǵúܣǲҪôҿǸһλصص㿴չ¶ϢǱһҪǿ
ο
һֻ߳һڵӣϵϢǿԶˡ
ݵĸˣħɭ
ţѾ֪ǵļƻҿϣ˵ţƾ˼ǾǸ˵ˡ
ȿȣοҪĶǶ׼˰ɡƾʱʵؿˣڱУǿ˲˼ֱҪƾ͡
ɭ˵ͷһöָڽҺˡ
ƾ۾һȴûиҽӹ
٣
ɾʱһޱ𾪵ǿˡ
˶һ
ڽҺʲô⣿ɭɫһ䣬ѵƾûͿ˵ãȻǶ³֮ڽҺ
ڽһǿѹסԼ𾪣ЩһȣԼֱƣһ
Ҫ
ƾʱεοȱҺʮڽҺһ֣˵ʵѾǰײ˼ˡ
⻰ɭЩ


1894 ɴµ
ϰ֯ԸѧԺ۸ߴİʮڽҺ
һΪ˳λһսϵ󣬸һսԱȵġ
ȻҪʮڽҺҲ˵Ĺȥ
ֻЩ˵ĵ̣δõĳҪóôҺҲûбҪƾˡ
ʱԸֵڡ
֮ǰ˵ģ³֮󣬿СɡʱԱһЦſڵȻСֵܶô˵ˣǿóһ󡣡
ɭ˵ͷӦ֮ǰõġ
⻰ƾû˵
ʿˮǿѹļȻһСɣԣĳˣܻٽҺ
Ǯٻ졣
˵˵
һװĺǵ
һλҪסʮڽҺôһС֮һô
סס
ο֪Сȸοһ¡СһȻγɵС棬һСơҲϴ汾ԴʱŰѿСλñ¶˳ץһЩӿСˣ֪СϢ
汾Դ飬˻֪ġ
²ӦǴ汾Դʱǰռ飬ĲĿռΪʧȥǰռϣŵĸС棬λʲô˳
һʱ䣬в˶صռ䣬˴еõ
ɭС֣֮Ϊһλ壬С˵أ˵ʵȫһսģҲսһҪɱȴѣҲοæԭڡ֮⣬»ʮλ񣬲Щ⣬ʱµʮλԶԸǡ
ˡ
Ҫλɭ壬˶ԸС
οĿ˿ƾ˿ޱȣһԲȻô󣬹Ҳһˡ
˵˵ͷû⣬һֵһᡣʱ֣һ˾ܻɱֻҪ׼ʣµҺͳˡ
⻰ɭЦ͵仰ˡ
ƾȻôװˡ
ҲνЧá
ɭ˵һЩڿС˶Щͷˣڲ˵ˡ
󣬲ɭ׼磬ƾͿˡ
ǾʳǶƷ˲ûϹۣһ£ֻһٷҪ˼ʮڲྦྷ൱ںüҺ

ο˸ոյҲûжΪҹζ࣬Ƕʮ֮
ȥ֮󣬿ַ˿ռ䣬
ƾʱһгһöָոջһڽҺ˵õģ԰֣һһǧҺǷݡ
Ҳˡ
һŪôҺҪǻɲྦྷֵʮڿ鲻ྦྷ
˾Լˣƾ˵ʲôƾȴȿˡ
ˣ˵ôӲһ˾ܻɱļٵģɱţȻʱǸɭĻһ˶Ը壬һҲһȣҪӮ˻ãҪˣҵҲ˳ָץ׼ˡƾ
˺Ǻǣ˵ȣ˼
Щˣ˭
ð䰵֯ģװǣһӾŪôҺ
˵ʵƾ˿̻ǺܸмģƾԼһƣһǧҺоԼҲһˡ
ƾ˵ΪҸûǵжҸоһǧҺˣҸᣬǳɽֱˣɽٶȣǾǷˣҲ׷ϡ˵Ǵ⣬ŪôҺ͹ˣôΣյ飬˭Ը˭ɣҪ͵һȥ꣬ʵ˵
ԭ⣬Ȼ뿪ƾĺģڽҺѵˣǿθ˶ѣͷںأѵûпͣ񽢣Աߵֿ⣬治֪жٱѵͲĶͲҪ
˺ǺǣôҲҪȥð
飬ҿɲȥƾҲˣֻҪѧԺúõһʱ䣬ܿӵнսʱҪɶɶҾƴҳɵˣŻôʱҲֱ˵ֲЩΪôˣû취˲òһƴĵطкܶࡣ
ƾЩúư
ʰһ£׼ߡվһƱɵĹˣѾ֪ˡ
һ£˭˵ȥˣа취ȫˡƾס˿ˣҪˣѪƻôá
ɻа취ʲô취
ƾʱ򿿽˿ˣڿ˶˵˼䣬Ҫ뿪Ŀˣ˿۾һ趼Եô
Ŀ
ƾȻǸɴµˡһһƾЩĤˣôţƵ⣬ôġ
ƾٺһЦʱֻҪ˵ܴһʡ
˰ͷ˿Ҳ泩
ˣһɻ󣬲֪ܸܲҽһ£˳˼һ£ڵ
˵˭˭Ǿõֵܡƾ
õֵܣ˺ǺǣҲŲš
ƾȻǸӻ뿪ڵһɻΪɶԼˣʮڽҺһӦòѰɣ
ǲǱôҺˣ϶Ǵݵһ©ģҪԼˣʮڽҺ״ȥ˵ԼҪ鷳ߣҪ׼С棬ʵһԷ᲻ֱӷڣռôʱﻹǵķݡƾ˿һۣͲ˵̲ˡ
ţеԼˣõĺǰ֯ˡһһ⣬ôð䰵֯˵ģ˿ƾ϶ƾܼ밵֯ģһӦðģðĻЩôûʶơ
ð䣿ƾЦˣҿûð䣬ǰ֯ˡ֮⣬һ̽ӣЭ鱨Աڰ֯ڼ飬ð˵ðߣˡ
ƾǲ˵ҲôҰɡЩ
ƾЦЦ뿪ˡ
Ųš

ĸ磬ǸˣҵǸƾ˴ָ
һڽҺĳ͡ʯóһռָǴο⣬˵Ϊܴﵽ˸߽ļٵģ
£ƾЦЦΪǸ߽սҲͿȵͽս鲻㣬ǿȵͽҲġԿ˵ѡʱҲԼѡһ񾳽ģ֣˭֪ƾӻڶҪֱˣһ


1895 ӡǣô
ʮ죬˺ƾСӹĲҪ̫
ΪɭˣȻҪдúõأʳƲӦ
󻧡
˵ţݺݵҧһŵɽĶƽ㡣
ƾǺǣϢ
ʮȥ˳ڲྦྷĶνǹ񫡣

οˡɭЦŵһȫ˼
˵ǶԸһʱһ˳־͹ˡ˵Եʮ㡣
ɭҲ⡣
ƾһĸЦһǿ޵ġ
λ룡
롣
˿˿ǰһ񽢣սרõһս
ÿһ񽢶ֵ޴һ֧˵ľٵĿûУҲҡ
ȵȣҿһ£񽢺µģǽʱ򿴵ʮЩһƾע⵽ˣѵġ
ɭЦܲǰ˹һ񽢣֮ǰһЩĽҲˡȥսС棬һʮ񽢣ʱֻЩ񽢾͹Щһġ
ƾ˿۾һǰģ
˶٣ܶô
Ҳ࣬ҲҶѣϾֻһСĲվ
ƾ۾һҪˡ
һʮ񽢣ƺƵĳſСڵλöȥ

һ֮˿Сڵλá
һޱڵգûκκǵĹâ䵽
ɭָָֻҪ˺СľϵǾܽȥһжĿܸ֪
˿˿ɭȴûʲôֵ˼
˺СľϵһС濪ӣһҪʵſ
ɭӵпսȻҲ
ؼǿ˸֪ôֻԼоһСѣʱòɭΪá
Լɣ¶ԼǿиЪˡ
ȻСͷοȿˡɭЦŵ
ȻҶԸ˵
ɭʱҲ˵ʲôڵĿռ棬ɢɫĹâ
ȫļһȻһȭ˵һռ䣬ֻǲ뵽һӲʵҲ֮Уĳ߰ǿʱһ϶ˣǸ϶֮Уй͸ڳɢ
ɭһУʯĵʾ⡣
һͷȥֻʮȫԵڳܡ
ȣҪըС棬ӦΪ񽢵ԲɭСϿСӣȻʮһֺը԰Ӹƾ
˵˵ͷǳʶˡ
ڣ
ɭһ뿪
Ȼֻʮ֮иһһĻɫڵֱǷ϶ȥ
䣡
ڵײ˷϶ľϵϣ͵ը
ϵѿһľϵƬ˷ȥԭСľϵת۾ͱһСˡ
ɭʱʾʯĵˣͣ
ҲʱһǿϢӿС֮ɢ˳
ˡ
ɭһЩء
ʯĵҲһһսǿǶһУ棬ǳɹˣȻʧˣǿɾ군ˡ
˵ģЩֻǴǲվûȨʹõġ
ʲôˣȻҹҵ棡
һֻӿС棬ɳһӡ
ɫĳۣɢȫļשͷһؼӾȻһ̵ĺɫβ͡
ӣһ붯ĺ塣
ɭ۾ɱ⾪ˣС治ǿˣҪǲϽԹԵ뿪
壡循ޱȣȻһֱС֮УҲ֪壬ҪҵС棬ѵҪ׼
뵽ɱ⾪ˡ
С棬ļˣô׼ˡ
ģǳɱңȻ׼ҵС棬붼롣ŭ㲻һ׼ҵС棿Ҷ˵ҲûʲôøУҲûжôĳޣڣĳɹŭңҪȫɱˣһİ˺Ƭ
ƾһûʲôޣɵ˰ɡ
嶼Ҫ棬ûгޣʱ汻ˣѵܴ
Ÿ֮ѵĵ
ãξ͵㳤һѵˣ֪Կÿ˵Ρ
ƾʲôƾҲ׵սƾ»ʮλԼʮ񽢣ԼһսʿɭߺߵȻҪҲһλһλ߽԰֯ο
һǸҳô
ƾʱæˣ뿪ʼıݡ
˵˵ͷģ⼸רŰǵ˹̹˹˹Աһ飬ڶݡĵãһ㿴ˣҾ԰ѲɭλʲôƵǵ趼ʶ
ƾȻôţ
Ϳһڱݵ飬˭ţʱǧˡ
οûɣɭҲһʱѾܵοɢϢ
Ǹ߽
ʱɫѿ֪ԼʵȻҲôսҲһ㣬һλ߽ûκεʤ㡣
Ȼڻ֪߽ȫ
вѵҪң
һҲûʲôɱѵΪռһС棬ǾҪء
˴˿̶ڿſˡ
ǿ˾þǽſ壬ϸ񽥽شһʼĳɱ⣬ȻЩɻȻЩ϶Ȼǻ˷ܡ
۾棬ȫϷ
ƾǾˣôб츳ô
ȷֻ˼Աݼ쳬λԱˡ
ô£
ɭ˲ԣ̲סźһɼΪĸо˲ӿͷ
Ҫ㣡
Ȼ֪ᷢʲôǲɭ֪˿϶⡣
ǻǮһ֣ǻǮһ˰ɣ
ɾʱ򣬿˿ˣЩӡǣô
ӣʲôӣ
ڶ˭˵ģڶԿ˵ѵʲôӡ
Լ±ˣɶʱֵģŽжӣҽп壬һλһС֮
ƾҲǾˣĶӣװͿʶȻװ޷Կ֣Ҳû˵˼һλжӰ
Ȼҡβ͵ȷʵһͷ˵е
˽ԸԼϷ
ɭо壬ʲôλοʶ塣
ȥôùɡ
ֵܣ⡭ʲôʯѾֱӴˡ
Ҳ֪̫ˡοʶλҿǻǹϵǳⶼҵʧ󣬵ʱֻ˵ͼˣû뵽һλȻƾ˵ţȻһԲĶԲ𣬠ĸ磬û뵽ǵнѣһȫ˸ǡ
ʯ±ˣнѵô
ο޷֣Щ˶ԸһҪ
ؼǣο˻᲻ֶᷴԸǣ˵Ժܴ
λңҲʶ㰡
룬ԼȷʵʶˣԼҲʲôӣԼ֮УԼǵһ֡
Էǲʲô
㾹ȻˡҲԣʱӦöûʲô䡣뵽ĳֻ䣬ʱ㻹ССĺܣҵʱѩ棬֪˭ģʲôҪҿԼҲǹһˣҾͰ˻ȥӴΪֵܣ˹ȥֱ꣬һ졭һħǵ˷׷ѣҲǸʱɢˣ㣬һɢһԪˡ
忴ſ˵ĸһ˿̶Щˡ
ѵλ߽ʧĶӣ
ӣû뵽ټʱ򣬻ַʽ̾һЩ㯡
ʧˣټˣȴǷԼѾΪԼҪԸĵˣìܡһ㡣
ʱĬˣҿ϶һǿϴˡ
ϸһ룬ǲϴˣԼǲǾͲˣ
ĺ£
û˿ˣδزܵЩ壬ÿ˺ԼһԸЩ壬Ǿ͸ʮþˡ
һ̣ϴϴʲôϵ
Щ⣬ھһäĸ߽
оˡ
ſˣ˿ĳֻ䣺ҡӡ֮кôһˣһһֱҪѰˣҴ֪˭ָôȥոյЩҿԶ϶ˣǸҪҵ˾㣬ҾʧɢĶӰ
ۣ
ƾҪѪˣſ壬˿ֻȷǶӣ
ôٵ״ᣬĿô
˴˿Ҳ±ƵģոЩϹİĶӡ
ڲɭ˵Ķ棬ȴˣĶˣλʶ
磬ҾǶӰЩҪֵܶӵļңҪɱֵܣ㻹ʲô磬ѵҪۿֵܱɱˣֵܵļ԰׼ˡ磬һҪҰ˿ߵ
ɭˣһѵҪˣ
˴˿ҲһҾǵ飬ҷԸɭǣʲôأ
УԲС
ʱƾ˵ûᣬթɭǣҪҺ˵ģʣµڽҺһġ
һɭǱǸ޷Զ֡
ɭæˣ޷Կ֣Ҳܶǳְɡ
˻ص֣ȷʵЩ̫ˡ˵ʵҺͶ֮ǰЩҲ͵ˣҲΪֶԸǵģֻι˵ʮҺĳͣĳС󣬿ڡ
⻰һɭˡ
˲ֿԣŵĳʲôģ뻹Ҫ
ɭ֪˿Ѿʱˣڿǲǳ֣ϵʵ̫ˣ֣ǻһӮϣ֣Ǳذɡ
ҧҧοֻҪ㲻ֶԸǣҰ֮ǰŵҺϾ͸㡣ٸڽҺȫļҵˡӮˣСҲ֮ǰ˵ģĳɣһ룬ô
оϲޱȣ㲻ջ
һǾʮڽҺǿСͲˡ
á
˻صЩ̾ӣƺΪһֵܣ˿̺ǲ
ɭԼѾ͸ˣ˾ϳԼֵܶӣ˼֣ŲܿˣԾթԼһʡ
ãթǰɡ
ӮһսҲͻƵ磬һŪѾġ
ȻЩȻƾ͡
֣̾һֵܣҲ㣬ǴҲɼڴǰ֯ˣǰ֯˴αΪɱ㣬֪ʧֵܣҾ²ȥ֣Ҳܷһɡ˵Ǽ鶼ȥһԪҲǵ㣬Ҳǵˡ
⻰嶼ǳĬˡ
ȷʵǰֵܣֵͷֵˡ
˵ҲֻλĶӣƾǳʵģֹͣ־㲻ˡ
ɭ˴˿Ҳǳһ˲֣ǻûг군


1896 ƾǺ
˴˿ҲЩ⡣
ʲôøɣһ׬ʮڽҺʻ˭
ǿʮҺҪƾ԰֣һҲǧǶһʲƸ
һҹ
뵽һ۷ˡ
һУ֪Լ˳ˣƣ߰ɡһս˭˭Ӯûϵˡ
ǣˡ
ƾ˵ţſһҪ뿪
ʱƾȴǴܵɱЩ壬Ȼǻȥֻ֮
һ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
һսΪһһλä´ξδˡ
ţƾдɭʧˣû뵽οͿȻʶġҶԲҡ£Ѿ¶ˣܾݵλҲ֪ˣ϶Ԯ죬ǿܾҪùˡ
ֵ֪ܣεԹ㣬ûϵο徹ȻʶҸոʯ˵ˣҪн˸ǣͲˣԺǻкĻᡣɭص
ǨŭƾҲʱ
ȻûйƾƾѾܹ˼ˡ
Ͼ飬ûܹԤϵ
ֻܹԼ̫ù
վŸʲô߰˵ƾڨڨȥ
ߺƾĹĶ£Ź֡
սܡ

ߣ
˵Զ֮ƾ֡
ƾһҺôҪôһ̰Ĳɡ
˵ţƾǰǧҺ˿ˡ
ϸ˿Ц˻
һ˳׬ˣƾ˿ҲǶ˲ٺøС
㿴Ҹʲôлƾһôţ̫Ťˡ
ƾҷЩˣ˵ⲻǲãֻɹƭԺ֮󣬲֪ЩǼٵġһˣĺˡ˵
ǺǣǺˡ
ƾЦô˺˿Щ簡
ˣµЩͷˣԼ׬ǮԼǺˡ
֪Լ̰īһڽҺнѣǲǾֲǺˡ
ֻ㶮ңֻҵƤңֻ㿴ҸеꡣƾٺٵֻԿ˵һ䣬ôȥɡ
ЩմմϲȻƾˡ
ǱҪˣټµˣһʤĿҪ㡣ƾ룬Ͼս¡˵ɭЩԴ󣬺ܿһҪֻǿϧɵʯģҲҪˡ
Ҫǳûʯľȳŵ
ǲɵһ壬ʲôƾ˿һ㻹ΪҺʯĹϵܺãı첻
һΪʯĿϧô
ǽǻѧԺһջѾܴˣҲ֪ˣֻصѧԺ֪ʶĺ档
ƾſˣþ
ѧԺѧԺʱȻǻѧԺ
ôˣ˻Щ⡣
ǲûӣʱѧԺƾǲǵõʮڽҺѣôĻȥ㲻ӶˣһӶء
±ƣôͶˡ
ʮڽҺˡ
ΪҲ˽飬һڽҺĶû
һ˳ջ̫ˡ
ƾһָָһطûУʲôط
ʲôط
˰죬֪ƾҪʲô˼
ľݵ㣬в񽢣սǸʮڽҺԱȵġƾڲɭǶˣҪͿսϾȫԳʱǵϼңսȫһաǴеĿģҪȡĶʱȻŻѧԺǡϹһΪˡ
ɵˣôô
Ǿݵܿ飬ûʲôǿߣǽȥɹظʼֱǰٷ֮١
ҡȷʵЩûӡ˰죬òʵҪԼ۽̫Сˣ̫ˣƾθôģʱ򣬾Ͷ˾ݵĶ
ֲƾǸݵĸֶ۷Ź⣬һЩԼӡ
ߣȥ٣
ƾ˵ţֱǾݵȥ

ݵڡ
Կ˵Ϊ˳ȥκ顣
ƴˣο
һȺˣ˿̾֡
ô£ǵϴأ
ռ䣬ɱ
ƾȻһͳ˵նȥԷһ˲ն飬ҲǱˡ
һϽռ䣬뿪
Ȼ˿ʼ˷¾
һСʱԺ
ˣ
ƾһոһɱǧ壬Ҳɱ˲Ŀ
ЩΪߣɱЩ˵ġ
Ҽˣȫˡ˵һɱôˣ壬ûκεĸЩ
һеӣ񫡣
ǺãȥѰѹΣСʱ뿪ƾһ£ΪСʱ󣬿Ǳ߾͸÷ֳʤˣʱǲɭӮˣԼҪǻûߣƻ鷳
á˵
ٶȺܿ죬С绹вٶģĻʣµĶٰʮ񽢡
Сʱ˶¶һЦݡ
˰ȫĵطٷߡ
ƾ˵ţһ뿪ˡ
УһɽѸٻƿռ䣬ټ
ˣȻǿȡʤɭˣֻʯǸһ֪ӵȥˡϣҪؾݵ㣬ȻĲ״޵ġƾʵսһʶЩ
ӮҲãҪЩӮˣСɾͲˡ˵߰ɣܸûѧԺˡ
ʱŻȥȥС档ƾ΢΢һЦ
ȥСʲôѵҪɱ˿СҲˣ۷Ź⣬Լһƾ뷨
ʲôأȻˣ˭֪ûʲôƣ˵ˣС飬ɱ飬һС棬ʱ򲻵ҪͨǣѧԺҲҪǡŶ㲻ѧῪ㣬ǰؽ϶ûܡƾ˿һۣһﻹɱô뷨С
ȥЩ
ȥˣȻͼƾЦЦ㲻˵һ
ƶǶƾһſСȥ
СΧռ䣬ﻹܸоսĿռ侧ϵѾҪȫˡ
ˣͷһϢ
á
ҪúÿƾҪʲô
ڿ˵Ϣͷ֮СĿһ
ô£
Ϣλôֹˡ
ѵԷʶԼǼٵĶӣڳûҲˡ
ѧԺѧƾǰݷá
ƾʱֱӱԼݣһԵĿеˡ
ǵǴѧԺ
ѧԺ
һ΢ֻ˳
˿̵ΪոһսǱ
ƾЩɻ󣺡ҼǵǺ͸ոЩһİɣôֳѧԺѧ
ƾ΢΢һЦ֪ѧԺ⵹Щ⡣
ƾΪԼҪһѧԺʲôء
ʱѧԺһֱѧϰоò˵ĺܲܳΪһŶѧƵѧʡ
ƾʱˣԭҲһλܵ󷨴֪ѧԺ
ѧԺЩĲ֣ĺܳɹ
ҲýˣѶӦҲСˡ
ƾʱ͵ǰȷʵѧԺѧҸǰһλʵҲʲô֯οѧԺһλѧˣѧԺԺѧϰҵѧ֤Կһ¡ʵһݵģҲֻǼѡǰոտ֪ܲǰɱɭ˵ʱѾľݵʮ壬ȫ
˾ˣʮ壬ôࣿ
ⲻϹô
ɵۣȻ
ѧ֤ϢһﻹѧԺѧ
ô˵Ҳʲôӣͷβں˵˵
̫ˣҾ˵ôôɺϵ顣
ƾɿһ£ȷʵģ֮ǰЩϹģʲôģЦѡֻȥݵѡڽɱɭ壬ӦȸǰŶԣʱѾЩˣ˵ǰҲδšݵ֮ҲһʱˣʱǰУǾͻ֡
ٴǷصʱ򣬲ɭѾ˺ðɡ
ǳָë߰ûл˺ô
ɲ֪ЩΪƾһֱڰаԼԼΣյʱͻԮԼʱΪж
Ͼƾûжĳޣ֪ǰ֮󣬷Щ̹Ȼˡ
ҪСˣûп˺ƾһΪ˺ƾѧԺˣǼӵؾ
˴˿̶Ǿˣƾôһĺ˵˵˿̲ΪʲôѧԺѧô˵ƾˡ
һȫܰѺڵ˵ɰ׵ġ
ͷʲôûŪʮڽҺսʲ˵⻹һꡣ
忴˿˺ƾЩɻ
ǰ֪֮ⷽĲսսݱÿ춼в֪Ϊսι˵ǵôݵ㣬ʵҲΪݵ񽢣ʱЩ񽢣Ǿظսʿǰߣս˭֪ǾݵһҲʮ񽢣ɭ˳˵ţƾ֮еʮ񽢡
˵ӦǿսƷ
ƾô˵⼸ѿˣЩҪңҪЩ񽢺ս
Ҷˣ弫ɺޣ׼飬ԼʵڲǲǾ޴ѡȻҪЩ񽢣ǾߣҲҶǵֿҵ֧ˡ˵
ҲҲǺ᲻ãϾæ˰죬ЩصսƷˡ
ƾ˵ˣҲ
Ա߻һλ߽ڶء
˵ȷʵܿɺޣɱ
лǰǵֿҵ֧֡ƾ˵ţǺֱӰʮսȫˡ
ֿҵ
˺Ǻˣ˭Ҫˣ˭ɵˡ
Щ񽢽ƾǾƾġ
λ룬˸ˡ
ǰȥСɣû⡣ƾ˵ţһӣҪ·
ɵۣ˭ǽˡ
ȥһʱȥء
ðⶼʲôˣĿ˾ԼѧһС
ƾˣ˵ʲôֻðǿ˿С档


1897 Уң
˿С棬ƾ֪ΪʲôС濴ôء
˵ȫһҡ
ֲð
˵ĵ廹ǺдˣдͲɭûȵġ
ҵĶӵ̫ƤλЦˡ
ܵԼӣǺܿյģΪԼݣȫ޷죬ûס
ƾ˿һ޷죬Ұӣһ汾Ķ档
Ҹ㽲Ƥ˿ɲУҪǳȥˣ¡ҾͼΪ޷죬˵˿Ӷȥˡ˵ӣʵһǺһ׵ġҼҵǸСӣֻҪѲҾͺѧϰãҾͺᣬͶĿܿʵˡƾ˵ţŵ˿ɵˡ
ҪʲôⲻҪô
һ԰Цոմƾ͵һܲĸ㣬ⱨӦ˰ɡ
˼һ£Щ
ˣѵԼϵҲҪƾ˿۾Ҫˡ
ƾȫʲô˭ղҵĸ㣬㻹԰
װʲô֪ӣ˿̶ƾֶһЩ֪
һﻹСǼ
һῼǵġ˵ͷȻƾĻ
ҪʲôԽӷ治ģʱҡˣҶʵҲͱСһЩ⣬ҿ԰ȥദһ£Ժ飬һͬ档ƾ˵ɣѿ嶼һ
Ҫɶҽӡ
ƾﰵֹǧӦȻԺҸǰ飬Ҳ
ѾԲȥˣֻоʲôûζˡ
ƾѾη壬ֻоǰ˿һͣʵʾһħ
һ£ҡͷллƾֵܵĺˣʱͲˡ
ѶӷŵƾǲĵģϾҲǸʶƾѡ
һǶһ١
Ų뿪С棬ãгԵкȵģһλϵһȺ£ð
һᣬƾʲôҪҪ˵ͻˡ
ƾʱȻˣΪصȻλ壬ǿСλѾ¶˵ľƶСռ֮еλãѣⲢǳ֮ƣΪҿ϶ҵġߣ汾Դα֪ʲôʱˣʱռ仹ʱռС涼֮𡣡
ռ仹
һΪǿСλѾһռˣǿռǿСע
Ҫˡ
ǵģѧԺԺԤԵġԺƶϣ汾ԴʵαḶ́α֮ľŲռΪһľ޴ռ䡣ռܼ̣޷ƿʱԭھŲռģС棬棬Ǵ棬Ӧȫ֮ԣ׼ɣʵִĿġƾһ˵ӣ˵оݣÿֱӾˡ
ڶ汾ԴѧԺԤһ㶼
κ͵ĴҪӰ̫ˡ
涼ǵ߸Եġ
ƾΪʲô֪ѧԺ֮УѾ汾Դƶдһ飬뵽ͼݣѧ
ƾȻɹƭΪǻѧǲò˵ƾʵһ۲۵ѧԡ
ֻǣҶϰ߱ƭˡ
еκ͵Ĵα
˴˿Ҳµģ֪ڶ汾Դʱ򣬵汾ԴƬѾʮ񣬰Բǵ汾Դ汾ԴƬǲֱӾһѵ
˵ĴεĻǲǶ
Ϣ̫ҪˣȥһҪѧԺⷽоȫһ顣
л֪ƾֵܡ˵ţ￪ʼ˼ĵһ죬Сúȥδӡ
Сһ׮Ϊ˷ֹٴֿС棬ˣֵʱǿԳԮġΪ˵һԱҲҪܵ˵Լ˵ǿȥսҲбסƾɣ磬ϵʽǿСΣһ취ѧԺʦ־Ԯġ
ƾȫǴϣת۾ͺͿֵˡ
һ˾ӵӣȫһԱߵĿ˶Ǿˡ
֪ƾʲôˣΪһﱻ˶ˡ
ް
Ҫ˿ϵʽǽץ޶ëɡ
ȴ֪ƾĴ㣬ֻижƾֵܣֵܣҽˡ
⻰ƾﰵЦ˵ģ˵ġ
ϵʽƾҲ˵ʲôڶҪ뿪ˡ
ǹ˼ƾŪʮռָزÿ˶Ľˡ
ҿһ͸ƾôණҵ㡣
һһ
ֶӣˣɶʱȥѧԺʱܵСӢʶƾ˵ţݺݵͷܿ츳ϧ̫̰ˡ
壬ߺãһ·ߺðЩᣬ޳ˡ
ôôƵġ
ƾЩСӺǹġ

뿪С棬˾ͼеߣߣ
ƾǺˣʲôࣿ
ʮսƾԼʵҪģЩزҴģЩûˡƾֱӾܾʲôЦҿѧԺõЩ񽢣ƨ
ϸ룬ȻԶԡ
ˣǾͲˡ
Ѿ֪ˡ
־Ͳˣǽô죿룬һСףʱҪƾ˾ָ
ѧԺô
ƾʱҡҡͷʱܻѧԺҪЩŪĶȫˡ
룬⵹Ҳǡ
ЩҺǿãŪ񽢣սʣûκô
ǻҺҲɡ
ôʱˣôЩȫһĨڣȥ֪˭
ƾʱЩ鲻Ϊոնʮ񽢵ԭԲ˽һ£Щһ;һѧԺ׵ġѧԺַǱҪԴļ۸񶼲ߣֶƽ۸һ룬ѧԺ㴦Ķи飬ֱ˲䷳ҲЩСײŻЩѧԺ
ƾô˵˶ǺǺˡ
ô˵ѧԺñѧԺʲŵʦȻǻ㡣
ƾƺҲ֪ԼЩſڿˣæȻѧԺĻȫԿԵõϣ;߱ġ⣬ѧԺԺܶԴչģʱǿѧԺġ
˵˵ͷѧԺԴȽϿأ֮սʣʵô¡
ϾѧԺûôľҪװΨһһ֧ɵҲѾװݣҪЩЩѧԺֵһᡣ
ҪȻչļ۸͵ˡ
ƾǺܶЩ֪ôԼõһЩ
˵ڶ;ǾЩлһЩ̻ᣬ۸Ҳܸߣֻƽ۸߳ɵ˳ɣϾЩ·ƾԿ飬Ųɡ
ƺҲƾô
ƾʱЦЦȻе;Ǿ˵ݣ洦ں棬۸Ա֤ʱıƽ۸񶼸ߡ
У
֮һгֻһЩȼߵ˲ʸȥҲôһλˡ
ƾ˵֮󣬿˾;ˡ
ƾո˵ʲôһλˣ
һ֮ǰ˵Щᶼİɣжݡ
˾þоܵ˺ǾǴҶһȺ洵ţƣһ㷢ִʵţƣֻһǴţơ
ǸоҪ̫ˬ
߰ɣҴȥ档
ƾ˵ţſһ뵽硣
У֮Уֻеȼܸߵˣ֪ѡ
˸ƾȫһС£ʲôҲ˵ʲôҲʡ
֮Уһǿ硣
沢ôڣЩ
׵ˣһϣտȥǳ
ŵǳʹˡ
ƾԵһǳϣһ޴ĵ̣˿һűߣ˫ţһ档
ֵܣˡ
߿ƾ۷Ź⣬վ
ƾٺһЦͦеôûչ⣬ϾҪ˰ɡ
⻰һ˵յġ
֪ҲƾȤˣҲʶˡ
˵㲻һλɣƾڵ
£ЦЦ
һ֮ˡƾܿ϶˵ϻˣе㶫㡣
˵˵ţ˿ˣλǣ
ˡƾڵ
ȻɶʱΪˡ
ЦЦҪˣЩ̫ݳˣ֪Ūʲôö
ƾҲϻչʾһЩ֮󣬶Щ±ơ
ûпӦ񽢰ɡ
ƾǸʲôȥˣŪ񽢣
ôղգ
ƾЦЦ㲻᲻Ұɣ
գȻգǺöʱæһʴȻȽ͵񽢣Ǽ۸棬ֻܰ񽢵ƽ۸գһҵĻҲһٶʮڲҡ
ƾ˵ͷ۸Լһ㣬Ͼ񽢣˵ӦҪƽ۸һŶԡ
ƾȲܲܲ׬һ㡣
ԣҲҪңҪҡ
ƾ룬ȴǵ
˵ЦЦҲ֪Ǹ߽ײ֮以ཻ׵ӲͨȲҪӵй
ңʲô˵ѯʵǵһ˵ҡ
֮УһֻңֱҡԼҡֻȻЭᷢеģҳڲླ֮Ľףҳ¾֮Ľסң˵ʵ񾳽磬޴ӵֻ֪ҡֻڸ߽ײ֮ĽףֻвƸΪﵽһ̶ȣʸԼĲҶһҡʱ򲻵ƾڣѾ˽͵
ȻµĿſһһ̿˺顣
ֻԼĵϸȫˡ
ƾһҶ֪ȻһӾͱ˿˵ϸ
̫Сˡ
һң൱һڲң߽׵ıһЩᣬߺеһЩг棬ʵҪҽġһʮ񽢣һǡ
ǧٸҡ
š˵ͷѧû
Σ⻹㣿
룺Ҫһ񽢣Ϊ
Ǿ͸ȥһٶʮҡ˵ţȻһĲվֻЩ񽢰ɣĶóɣ
ƾʱҲϻչʾһѵĶȻġ
ҲϻҲԼһЩսʶ˳
򵥵ļһ£˽Щã֮ǰЩ񽢣һҺˡʵӦòֵôҵģ֮ǰǵ񽢣һһʱ䣬ʱܻǵۡ
ҶǾô˵ˡϹأҰѶŵУʱ鿴Ǯ߶ƾ
ԡͷйõһֽ׷ʽˡ
ͨΪý飬ס
ϸ˰죬ǰ;ģûʲôҵΪʲôȡˣԭȴем佻׻ԱһĽɫ
߰ɡ
ƾЩʹſʱ뿪ˡ
ʲôݣ񽢶գְЩ˭Щ⡣
ҲҲһءƾͷ˿һԼʵ֮мϼһ

֮˵ҵˡ
˿Լ˻϶ǲƸ˶ϲ£졣
һңһڲңǶǮ
ߣ׬˴Ǯ͸ȥúһ¡ƾſ֮ѳ
ðɣǱĵطǾưɡ
֮ҲһЩֵطȾƽơ
ƾȥֱ֮Ӿʹ󺰵еѣȫҸǰλ˹򵥣
𣡡
Ĳ໶
˶ɵˣ˭ҪˣҪ򵥡
Ǹţ˿˳ƣٵŮˣһ̿˵õ˼㡣
̫ˡ
һ̸оԼһλ߸ϵ

ֻǵڶ죬һˣǿһҵ˵۵Ĳѡ
ˬô
ˬ
˺ܳʵĻشȻһĿɬ̫ĹˣһҰ
ƾĿ˵ļ򣺡߰ɣȥ㶫ȻͿԻѧԺˣ˴γѾˡ


1898 Դϵͳ
˵ҪȥУ˺˷ܡ
˴УƾҪһЩԴúõؿһеȫò
ϰ壬汾ԴƬϣ˿һϤˡ
汾ԴƬȻҲġ
ˡ
ԣҪ򲻣Ķ࣬ԸۿۡϰһɽӵͷϲĴ峤һ
ʲô۸񣿡ʿڣѯʵ
λ񼶱ģһҡλ񼶱ģʮҡλ񼶱ģһٸҡԲ񼶱ģһǧҡԲ񼶱ģһҡ񼶱ģʮҡɽӵıż۸
ϸţֻһоǾ̫ˡ
ƾһ˲ŪңȻһ񼶱汾ԴƬ
Ҫ֪һһֵһǧҡ
񼶱ģҲУ˵
Уǲֻ࣬顣ɽӵôǲҲں汾ԴƬΪĲ࣬ȥںϣ֤Ϊһء
üͷһ۾׼
ƾȴ֪ģʮа˾Ŷں汾ԴƬĲࡣ
ҾͺʶѡʱȴЦЦûмŹ򣬡˵ϰ壬汾ԴƬǴģ
ʵϰʱЩá
㰮򣬹ҴŪģѵҵⲻɡ
ϰҲǻˣЦһܣʵҿԹͨ汾Դ汾ԴһҺĵҵ汾ԴƬ͵öˣҲò꣬Ծóѡ
ģ⻰ޱȣôҲܹͨ汾ԴΪǲǡ
ƾһԶɵˣ㾹ȻΪˡ
Ҫܹͨ汾Դ֮гưԡ
ˣ㻹ĻƾſˣѸ뿪ˡ
˴˿̻ڻϰĻʵҲʶϰϰ˵Ĺͨ汾Դȴ뵽һЩ
ƺܸӦռ䷨ֻ޷ͨ
Щ汾ԴƬɱ಻õģô˵˵񼶵汾ԴƬҪʮңǻģôҲð𲽰ɡû뵽ˣ㻹ֵͦǮģ˵һȥҪǽԺɱˣԺ᲻ͬ⣿ƾ˵ţſ˶۷Ź⡣
˲һЩ
оˣԼɱˡ
ŵģҿЦġƾ˵ţѾһҵ̡

˿ȥֻŵһͷ𻨵Ϸˡ
ƾչˣ
ʱˣӦƾӦþͿĳҲθһƱҾ͹ˣھԼصĶȥ
ţˡ
ƾһңЩԴ
ң˶һΪƾҲ΢׬һң򣬶һóôң˵ƾ֮ǰʹ˴ҡ
áϷ˵˵ͷ
ǲǷˣңʲôһԴ˵
СӣɲҪ˵֪ԴʲôôϷ˴˿̲ˣ̲ס˿һÿ˶ʱ˵ˡ
ƾڨڨ͵ѣû棬ýżЦˡ
˵֮ƾԿ˴Դ˵ȴһӦ˵С˵֮еľϢɣʵԴȾϢҪ档һԴԼӹһ㲻ױƿñԴӹ֮ķͻõǿƿ룬ɱһ࣬һǴݻ壬ڶǴݻǴݻһ޷ݻ٣ǾʹűɱҪѺܶࡣ
һԴá
ʱƾԴĵڶãǾǿ֮пٳһ硣Ӧ֪νʵһʵʴڵġԴԴˮԴԴľԼԴܻס
ʲô
ޱȣЩš
ԱĹȣôܡ
ԴĵãǾչ԰һ˵󡣡ƾ
ʱǽҲǺߵСӣ֪ⱾԴôôܻ֮γɣԴǴ֮ĸǳ֮һűԴ֮Уһܻ֮һǳ
ʱѾ˵ˣⱾԴһ䡣
ƾͽ˽ףǶȥǻԴԴԴľԴԴˮ֪ͨҡ
⻰ԥһ£ǵ˵ͷҲˣʱЩȻ㡣
ʮ֮뿪С
п˵뿪һᣬʱƾ̽һ£ֿ˵Ѿˡ
ƾѯʿʲôҲ˵ƾѾ˶϶һ϶ȥ汾ԴƬȥˡ

ǿ֮Уһھسϵķȥ
ǿ˵񽢣Ϊ˲壬ƾÿ˰񽢸װһ¡
λȥҴͻƵľ硣ƾ룬Ѿ׼˺ܾãͻˣҾͰԼս޲ʤķŸһ£ս޲ͽս
Աߣ˺Ǻˣţҷⵥֵ
ºˡ
ѵʱ˵㣬Ҫǿ˵˲١
ȥæԼˣƾȴѧԺ
񣬵һ񣬻𰵺ɽһݵ㣬϶S֮Իһ㣬ûɣƾ˵ţǿ˿һɵۡ
ɶ㾹Ȼ˱
ţû
ҵ־
õġһ֮ƾͬѧϲ񣬻һ㽱ٽ
һ㣬ˡƾǺģǿСֻһֻ̽ǰɣ
ţ㾹ȻҲˣ
ôϵʽҶУҪҪȷ£
棬ƾ˳Ĭˡ
ϲ񣬻㡣֮󣬻
һ񣬸˲ƸﵽһǧңҴﵽʱĽͼ
㣡

ƾȻ־뿪ˡ
ڶ죬һ˺ܶԴʼ˱չʱϵˡ

ǧ
ҵ˿ˣ
һоĵط˿̺ɺɶڡ
Ժʦʦ
˿ˣȻֿ֮һɫʡ
ʲôѵ˴ıԴ
ʧˡǵһ仰ÿɵˣʲôʧˣѵǴ챾Դʧˡ
汾ԴĻҪأֻƾŶһ֪⣬ѴһεʧܣҲǶ汾Դһ˽⡣˵ţȻ˿ˣһæһǴ汾Դʵ汾ԴЩͨġһ飬ȥںһűԴ
ʲôɵˣ嶼ڷİҵСˡ
ȥںǴһԼ֪ʲôĶ˭֪᲻Σա
ǿ˵ӣԼҪǲȥںϣƶ޷뿪
ҡĺܵԼᱻ˸ʵŪ̫ˣؼҡ
㣬ˡɵԿûĵġ
ҡҧҧãںϡ
ɲ⡣
ʱһ˴ıԴץ˹ʼںϡ
ʱֻűԴڻų⣬˵Ѿоһ˺ѵʹ࣬˵Ѿ۵ͷ󺹡
У޷ںϣҰɡ
˾оȥԼҪ군
̫ˡ

ʱȴǿʲô
һ̣ǰѿ˵һʵ壬ô
ƵĿǣȫעĿںϵȫ
ʶˣԼСͲԼС
ֻüǿںϣʱĹȥ֪ȥ˶ã˵ȫѾѪۣ嶼ըˣɾʱֻǱųűԴȻһ顣
ϸ˵һ˴ıԴȫסıԴ
˲䣬ѶϢӿ˵Ժ
Դϵͳѡ󶨳ɹ
⵽ǰԴңԶתԴС
ΧΣգ޸Χ򣬿ռ䷨޸Уǳ޸Уǹⷨ޸У޸С

ЩеһоԼޱǿԼһ顣
ԼһܻɱǸɭ
ָо̫ˬˣһ
Ȼںˣںǳɹˣʧˣ˵ţ͵һץȻͰһ˴ıԴӲִӿ˵֮иץ˳
ֻоٴβһɾʹʹҪԶ֮ǰ
ֿˣ
ıԴһűԴֿˡ
ǿĸоҲԶȥˡ
̱˵ϣ˿ںһűԴȴǿ
оֻҪһĶܱǿ
ǿſˣҲ˼š
˴ıԴΪʵǽԼԺ֮еϵͳȻһϵͳĶͨϵͳƷ򣬸ı䷨򣬴Ӷ汾Դһƿ档
汾Դ򣬾һϵͳǵ
ˣոʲôоɳ˼һ£ѯʵ
ҸоոһԼܣԼƿһ˲֪˶ԼһűԴ˽٣ԸѣǹõЩϢ˲ʣǾԲ˵ġ
ǲûʧܣһ°ɡ롣
áɵ˵ͷ
ȷʵҪһ¡Ҳǵ

˲֪Լô뿪ģ˿ֻһ뷨
ҪõһűԴõԴϵͳǶרΪԼġ
˴ԴϵͳʵһʵķԾ
Ҳףֱоĳɹܣ붼顣
ˣ
ȻһֻԶһſˡ
̧ͷȥʱһϲƾ
˵ʵǧ棬Ҳȥ˲ٵ񣬵ջ١
˵ǧ棬ȲϸƾһģԽԽоƾ̫ţˡ
ƾĳɹֻãй֮
ߣ߱˵
ƾ͸˿һӵô겻Щˡ
Ҳһ˰ǳˡ
ͻƵˣ
ע⵽ˣƾΪѾǽˡ
ƾȻͻˡ
ǲǺܾȡƾٺһЦҲǺܵ⡣
ţѧԺ棬ƾһҲ˾
˿緢ƾԼЩûʲôһʱЩ˸
ͻ֮ĶˣҴȥһƱȥȥƾʱҲϻֱӵ
ȥҿ϶ȥ֪ƾҪȥʲôƾһڣʹӦˣɼƾǶôΡ
ƾ˵ͷȥͺãģиֶİ֯˵ˣ֪һ㵽ʵֶռһС棬һԴḻС棬СĲྦྷˡҲ֪һһǰ֯ĳԱ
˵ţ˾Ͷˡ
ֻɱһλһλ˵ֻƾô
õģ֪ǧ棬ʵ˲٣ǶԸֶЩΣգ˿һжƾȻѾƻһС
סƾ˿ϵʽ
ţнսټһٺƣʱŪֶԲ⡣ƾ϶ޱȵһƱұ֤ÿ˵治ʮҡ
ʮң
˹һ£ⶼһ񼶱汾ԴƬˡ
ƾȻǸɴµˣ˵Цǧ棬ʵ׬Ҷһ򡣡˵ţЩΡ
ģҲû׬ǮƾٺһЦ
֮
ƾͿ˻ˣ˶±˲֪һγȥǷ˴ơ
ʱˣк㡣
ţк¿ǧң
ƾѹڰֶˣһ㡣
Ȼֲǿ˿֪ˡ
˵ȥȥ׬˴ǮķԱ
һˣҲС׬ʮҶѡƾܱˣһĽ

ֹȥǧꡣ
˸ƾʮ˶Ҫֵһ
һ죬ٴαǺ˹ȥеڶεں顣
ʵ˲٣Ѿнսˡǿſˣ˵ˣʼʵɡ
˿֮еһ˴ıԴȫһΣһڴ


1899 
˵˵ͷһаűԴ˹Ȼ߶ԼıԴʼűԴںϡ
ֻűԴʼǼΪų⣬һ֮űԴںϵһ顣
ϴοǻ죬űԴںϵһ顣
Դϵͳѡ󶨳ɹ
⵽ǰԴңԶתԴС
ΧΣգ޸Χ򣬿ռ䷨޸Уǳ޸Уǹⷨ޸У޸С
⵽ԴȱʧԴ޸С
Ϥ뵽˵Ժٴθܵǿޱȵĸо
̫ϲָоˣһܡ
˿ڲϵļ¼оݣİ⵱һо
ˣɡ
ҸоǺһ˲õĶ
ǰԴҳΪ˺ƿߣþûôҸȤˡ

һҵʹ֮УűԴٴα뿪ˣǿĸоҲٴ֮ȥ
뿪ˣԽӵõһűԴ
һűԴ̫Ҫˡ
ǧ󣬿һ˰˴ںʵ飬ʱĿ˾ϵѧϰҲԽԽǿѾ˽ӽ߽ս
Ϊսƥ
ˣַһ׬Ǯĺ·ӣҪҪȥһƱƾЦǺǵ
ʱȥˣЩѧϰҵʵѾȻ޷һͬ޵УǶԸΪҵģȴʮþȡʵΪĿռѾ࣬ڸĻͻƵ񾳽硣˵
ȻûκεİȫУΪС
ֱ֧Ŀ־壬ʹǿ
ҪٵСҪ߸ϵ
ƾ룺ǺãЩҲˡҴѧԺһɢĹϢһʱ䣬ȻԼЩѧĶϵͳһ¡
˵˺ܶ࣬뿪
ȴǲƾһϢ֪ԼץŻѧԺѧϰҪʵԼԼøǿ
صԼסϥЩĮ
ѧԺͼݣ˿汾Դ鼮ڶ汾ԴԼһ֪
ǿǿ;ʵ
һǾѧԺѧһһĴͷѵ汾ԴƬӰ졣
ĺôյԺȫԼ
ڣʵȫ汾ԴƬġ
汾ԴƬģǸľ۱Դһ
뿪汾ԴƬһͨˣһͨԲܶǶ֡
ĻҪʱ̫ˣѵ汾Դ磬汾ԴΣǵĴαѾˡ
ѵ֪Լʲôţһ磬Цˡ
֮⣬Ǿֻʣ˵ڶ·һںϱԴ
Ϊ汾Դ͵Ĳ࣬ʵڻɣñһ
ڵʮıԴͻƵ񾳽硣
Ҫߵ·ܰе汾Դɵԣֻɵʮ֮һҾܳΪǿҵѶҪ͵ĺܶࡣЩǲԼġʵʲôϵֻҪ汾ԴܵҵƿأǾҵġ֮ӣ֮ӣЩ͸ҵġ˴˿̵Щ¡
Ҷں汾ԴƬΪĲ࣬͸ûɡ
϶ԼǣҲû˿
ʵЩ꣬Ѿռ˲淨ԴΪ±Ƿ֣һֱûиҽںϡ
ţĿ⿴ա
Ѿĸ֪汾ԴĴڣЩ곢汾ԴͨȻɹˡ
ͨԼ汾ԴƬ汾ԴӦȫԽһ汾ԴܲǿؼʱԱס
ѧԺҹǴȥˡ
һԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽų˵С뿪ѧԺǱȻ顣
ֱ˵ԼҪ뿪
һСһоҪ֪Ҫ뿪᲻
ðա
ܹ뿪Ǿֻ͵͵뿪뿪֮ǰҪѵһЩ
һ˴ıԴõ
һűԴʵٿһ֮ͬܵС
ԴϵͳԺĹؼλĸ򣬿Բݷ򣬸ı䷨򣬼ֱ̫ǿˡֶѾһ߽׵㼶ˡ˳š
֮дȥ˵汾Դƾʲô
Դϵͳ
һȡԴϵͳҲҪ¶ˡ
֮֮Щں汾ԴƬķˣ˵гˣЩ˱УֻҪȡǵıԴͻƵ񾳽綼ЩˡţȡԴͬһ׵顣
˵ģûʲôɿ
ҪúıһС

º󣬿յƾϢ
ԭƾѧԺһҪȥפꡣ
˵֪Ϣʱ򣬵һо̫ˣڶо춼ھ
Ȼ֮ӣ֮ӣʱǡ
ԣȻôôɡ
ܺãƾȥҺƾĹϵȥƾҲȫ˵ùȥʱֻҪסƾҾں̵ܶʱ棬ں汾ԴƬˣȫ᱾Դţ˼·ҲԽԽ
Ѿ⣬ǽѡһʵĻᣬȡԴ
Խоǿ磬Ҫѡһ˶ڵʱС
ˣȡ˱Դ֮󣬻ҪȥЩ˵ıԴҪһʱ䡣
һʱ䣿
̫ˣȡ
һٶʮ󣬿˵ھŴαǽйȥںһűԴ
һο˸о˴һűԴ֮У̺Ķˣ˵ĵ
ԣǵ
˳˵ģȻǾ仰˵úã
ĸо
λľ˿һűԴж˻ģĶ
λͣһ֮Ķұֳ
һÿʵ֮ٴθ˽һ¹ݣָһ¿
ǺȻˣҲӵޱǿǺӣʱնѾڻ£ʱҪһ飬ǾҪԼΰ֮õʲôطȥǳȥܻȥ׷ѰߵĿֻ꣬һζɱ¾Ҳ֪ԺôΪʲôˣҶȰһ䣬ĴصƱ
סܸоǻл
ЦЦĿ˵ļ򣺡ЩѧĺܲѧԺİѧҵİӣԺܽҲˡԺҲָʲôʲôģÿо̡
ǡ
˻еĵ˵ͷڿǣȻڴ
֪ԼĿģҪѧԺʲôģԺҲûôˡ
ˣǾͲʲôоˣΪѧԺĽְҪˣҪȥ׼һ¡ǺȻ˵
ְ᣿
˶ʱ۾һᣬǲʦҪμӡ
ǵʱǻһˡ
ԺǶҪȥ᣿˳һ£ѯʵ
ţҪȥεĴҪ졣롣
˽ʲôˣʵĻЩˡ
뿪֮ÿ춼ڹעѧԺְϢһºѧԺϢ
ʮ֮ѧԺٰʮְᣬʦȱϯóٵ
Ϣÿ˼ĪҪȵĻˡ
̫ˡ
һԼɹѾԶˡ


ƾÿ춼ĵĺܡ
һ죬һ񽢹ˣֻ˴֮˳
ƾˡ
ˡ
ܣ
磡
ƾѸٵĴ֮з˳һļ
ֵطꡣ
ߣ˵
á
м˳ֻΪ֮ж̽̽·
֮УƾͿĵĺ졣
˿ʱ࣬ʱڵ˵ڹѺʮླ緸ˣ񼶵ĶϰˣĻǼٵģ
ƾһɵĿ˿ˣȻЦ׼ȷ˵ѺķѾﵽʮ֮࣬񾳽һٶʮˣԲ񾳽ǧˣԲ񾳽ǧˡϧѺûԺĻſ϶ķˡ
˰𾪣澹ȻѺô಻ླǿߡ
֪Щɽµģд󲿷˶ѧԺʦѧץġ
ŶѺô෸ˣ˽ô죿װһӣʵ
ƾЦˣˣͲ֪ˣô׵顣֪ѧԺóʲô󷨣Ǳһޱǿ󷨰ţ󷨾ԺԼ۵θ죬һ޷ƿˣҾҲֵܵס˵ǿȵķ˭ô
˵˵ͷԼ֮ǰֱӴڿǹ׳յġ
ҪˣĴŶȥ
ܣʵܺ棬ܴܲҲιһ£ŵ
û⣬С¡ƾЦЦȫǲΪӣʵֻ㣬ѧв٣ѧιҪѧԺͨСͲˣ˭ǺֵܣڹҹܣҾ͸㿪ţȥ
̫ˡ˺ٺһЦпƾԼֵˣҪԼʱЩ˵ıԴ᲻ǣƾ
оʮа˾ſ϶ġ
ƾѧԺѧѧԺǹӦҲܰ˰ɡ
ƾĴſ˵ιȥˣһȥ˾о

뵽ʲôڼ룿
ڼۣ͵ˡƾѧԺĹ涨ķˣÿ춼Ҫ۶ʮСʱȻͻܵͷģֻҪܻţʲôּͨ룬ǵҲõ˾Ҳкôġ
˺Ǻǣȴһֶš
õ˾Щ˳ȥƵһ뷨ѧԺ
㿴һλˣķɭԲΪʮǰڻľϵһ򣬵üϵϧ־ʹѧԺѧҦĿϵץͽ۶Удǧͽֲ̣Ѿ̵ǧˡƾ˵ţ˳ָָϵĽܡ
ǽ棬ѱķɭдĺ
˵һܿķɭŴԲΪһ򣬾Ҫǧ꣬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Ҫ֪һδضܳһλ࣬˵һλԲ񾳽Ĳˡ
ƾˣҲǶ֪ô㿴ܲٳһ£Ҽ̡ˣһ֪һྦྷλáڼıķɭͣһĿƾ
ƾʲôˡƾߵһı䡣
ķɭһô£ˣ
֮ǰͦ˵ô
ǲܼˣҪǸǲྦྷλãɶȥԵʲôȵʲôȥƾ˵
ĲټˣķɭЩġ
˵أΪô׵ģΨһļ̰취Ǽۣǹ涨ÿʮСʱôÿʮĸСʱȻϵ㣬۶оĳ⣬ʱû׼ܸټ㡣ƾôˣڰǲྦྷλøң㻹ܻԵĺȵģԺٸң㻹ųˣԼȥڣʱ˵ͱˡ
⻰ķɭˡ
ðɣ˵ĶԣҸ㻹ô
Ŷô

˿ƾô׵ľŪһྦྷʱˡ
ƾƾǴ⡣
˵ôƾŵ
˵̺ô֮ǰôһǧģ
ŶԼźӣмԼ˵ݾٱˣⲻôˣڼصľǡƾ赭д˵
˺ǺǣҲţˡ
߿ʼصĶ˵ķˣ
Ŷ
˿ˣоһϤϢ
ں汾ԴƬϢ
Щ˾Ŀꡣ
Ҳں汾Դ򣿡һĮ
ǣ˿һѺ˵Ķ죬Ҳǻġ
һ׳գùƾ
û˵ΪյǸ˵Ĵ
ҽлģһˣҳȥҴ棬ֻҪҳȥʱ˵ϱһҴһʲƵıꡣ
⻰ұֳ
˾Ȼ棬Ҳ˵򣬻Щ˴򽻵
Ҫɺܶ汾Դ˵Щ˾һ⡣


1900 ԺŮ
˸ƾСʱʱ䣬Űһ顣
˶Ѿһ֪
˻ص˷䣬ƾЦˣѾָˡ㲻ʲôͼɣ㲻ǿʲôˣ߾ͷ棬нǱ뵽ѧԺΪľǾȥ
˶ʱһΪԼļƻƾʶˡ
ƾĻ֪ƾںЩ΢ŭôǺ㡣ͷḻġʵңҵڻǸ
˵˺Ȼס졣
ƾʱЦʲô˵˵һ㲻ᡭҵ죬ֱˢҶ֪
˶ʱһΣǱôӦǰɡ

뿪Լȥƾʱ䡣
صѧԺֻ֪ʮˣץʱѧϰһЩ
ʮ֮ҪʵʩԼļƻʱɹˣֱ뿪ԺƾԾɽɡ
ʧˣƾĹޡ
ʱĹȥʮ겻ת˲ţЩǶ׼ְҪĲϣѧѡ
ѧԺ棬һѧԺĴѧ
ǿˣ
ſˣ⻹һμˡ
˵˵ͷǣ԰ɣ˵֣ѧԺ֮Ҧܵѧѧ
û˵ʲôֱת뿪
ɾʱ򣬿ԺյĴΣѧԺ飬ұɱ㡣
һıӰЩء
ת۾͵˽ְῪʼһ죬֪ԼҪжˡ
һжɹ
ְῪʼһСʱ󣬿˵Ӱ˺ɴǿ硣
̫Ϥˣֻ˲ӣҵһ˴ıԴ
ںűԴǵһʱȰűԴ뵽Լʶռ䡣
Ѹ뿪ǿ硣
̲ʮӣȫʪ͸ˡ
һ̫Σˡ
뿪֮ûע⵽ǿ֮У˫۾ˡ
űԴ
ⲻǼƻ֮ô
ʵ鿪ʼˣͨǾⱾԴʲô
ҾӦøƻ֡
ʲôֺã
Դּƻôã
ҾûǽСƻȽϺá


ƾæΪڻûа˵ķթһ顣
ǰʵ̫ˣûЩŪôǾͱƾ
ƣ㶼Բˣҵף㺦죬ô˼ϡȻԺ˺ȾƳ⣬ͳͷˮɡƾܲá
λԲҲ±ƵģǱ˱ô
ѵҵĴˡ
ǡ
ʱƾյ˿˵ĴѶ־Ͱ˽
ܣˡ
磬Ҳֻ㻹ǵضͯˣθضͯʲôö
ƾ˵ţҴҵľͳȥӭӿˡ
Ȼٲһţƨһȷʵбƾ˲ٵĺö
˵ѧԺǱٿѧԺְᣬôѧԺšδٰ֮˵ѧԺֻᷢѧĸߡ
˵֮ƾεҶˣ㲻ѧԺѧ
ڨڨҪѧԺѧͺˣζΪѧԺѧ
ѧԺĹ涨ˣѧԺյѧΪҲֻ⾳磬츳ٺãҲ޷ΪѧԺѧ
йôɲѧԺѧ㻹лΪԺӵġ㿴ݿɣھԺļӣݱ棬Щѧ档մŵĹ⣬оݸһء
ԺӣݿɿǶһݡ
ܲô
ֻĽȴЩ⣺մʲôˣôû
ֻƾѧԺѧûôоƾһذ
һ϶Լġ
ѵûпôⶼôˡԺĵӣԺʲôŵʦνһΪʦΪݿɾԺŮҾԺŮ
˴˿̶ǾˣԺŮ
ȷ
ԣҺԺǾһˣһô˵һѧԺԺģʵҲǼҵģͬƾİԺԺˣҾǵһ̳ˣ
ƾ˵üɫ裬ޱȡ
ǿ˴˿ֻһ뷨ƾˣѧԺҵģ̫Ҫˡ
òҪԺ⻰Ȼ˵ҲĹˡ
ȿȣҺԺֹϵ㲻Ҫ⴫Ҫ͵͵֪ô
ƾ˵ţӣˡ
ҪǴȥԺһ飬ǲѧ϶Ҫ衣
Ҳ֪¡
ʱ֪Լٵˡ
ƾ
ôˣ£
ƾֺһЩֵĿſˣôЩκģƲȵȣ˹һ£Ȼٺȡ
תƾԼˣת
ЩֵǼˣҵȻˡ
Բסˡ
ЩĿƾ㲻ˣҸҩȥĺ֪ôһҺǿվޣǿվްĵڶʮλҺ֫ʱתˣЩҵġһѧԺA񡣡
ƾޱ𾪵Ŀſˣ˿̵ԵЩŭ
ӦòµҽҪʲôˣҪЩں汾Դ˵ıԴú˯һɣһӦѾ뿪뿪ɽˡ
ˣ㡭
Բסˣҵĺֵܡ֪϶ܷŭɱҵĶˣԺ֮ټһúóһġ
˵ţվ
˿̵ƾվվˣſˣŭɱ㣬Ұ㵱ֵܣ㾹ȻҺ򡣡
˿ЦЩصô
ƾȥЩ˵ķλãѾȻġ
λˣҪʲô
һں汾ԴƬķˣ˿̻֣ܸ̿оҲں汾ԴѵҵıԴ
ϲ㣬¶ˡ
˵ţһоͰ˹ȻһְֻԷԴϣʼԷıԴ
ô᱾ԴѾȻġ
ס֣Һòླ磬ҲҪٳΪͨˡ
ͨʲôã˵Ĳླ磬Ҳģˡ
˵˵ţܶԷİ󣺡ûֱɱ㣬Ѿܲˡ
ɱˣȡԴܻһЩǿ˲ûô
ѧԺѧϰô꣬ѧϰѧԺţҲѧϰѧԺĻӰ졣
ʲôʱҪĴǽġ
һķ˱˶ȡԴѾҰ
ʱת۹ȥһ죬˻ĵηҿԾȥȥ֮Ҫȥˡ
ľޱȣʲô
ǿʲôں˱ԴĲ࣬Ȼȫȡ˱Դ
Ҫȥˣ϶ҲǴ⡣
ֻҪ˵ͬ⻹ǲͬ⣿ͬĻھʹ뿪ͬĻҾǵıԴһҲıԴȻε
˺ϾĿŻģ䡣
ҡ
Ծܾ
˵а
ͬ⣬ҲˣֻҪܾҳȥʲôԡĴ
ܺá
ϳһĨЦ⣺Ǻã߰ɡ
˵ţ˳ȥ
ˡ
ƾ΢𣺡߰ɣ㲻ԺĶ֣ԺͲҪٻˡ
˿ƾ۾Щʪ
ƾԶõֵܡ
˽߬ƾ֣Ҳò뿪Ժҵо󣬵СҪǼѧԺҸоԺûоֵҾͻᱻԺɱ
뿪
ôǵСûаȫС
⣬Ҳ㡣ƾЦģԺôģ㲻ҪʲôϾԺŮǲǣ
ܣ㲻£ԺҪǴʱñ˵ŮȻҵᱻ˵ţƾ֣ȻȻ뿪
ĸڿ˺棬Ｄˡ
ֻڻ̤һ˲䣬Ȼ֮з˴̶
Խ棬Խ
˺ͻĶɫ䡣
ã
ֻо󷨱ͬʱ֮гһӰۡ
ߣ
ɫ䣬˿ﻹҷϻץŻľͳԶɱ
䣡
ô
۱Ȼһƴǽɫƴ͸ռ䣬һɽſ˺ѹ
ǳǹⶼǻζ
Ҳ۷ľ磬һԴһ
ۣ㲻磬ҲɱңܡҪߣסҡ
˴һȴҲһ˳ȥ
䣡
𵴣˽ֵĵطһڶС
˺һֻǿס۵Ĺʵϻ·硣
Ͼۿ۷ΪȻҲи߽Ϊ磬ʵȴûдﵽ߽
һͣŻԶɱ
ϳˣԺоˣû뵽㾹Ȼ
ۿſˣ޴Ƴſץȥ֮гһɫӰһӰÿһʱǰһ뻹ϵһѾһϵ
׷ˡ
Ŀź棬죬㣬ѧԺԺӦҲѾ֪飬ѧԺԺǾ߲ˡ
죡
ĵľǣ˿ĵĻҲǼˡ
۶ˣ֪顣
뵽ǣ巢䡣
䣡
۵Ӱſ˵ͷƤȥֻ˸ոմĵطƬռ䶼Ǳץķ顣
һ㣬գ
˻ͷȥû£ϾҪӳϵˣʱ۾޷Ƿˡ
ֻҪڸһӵʱ䣬Ϳ뿪ϵ
ֻϵ־޷뿪ϵֻҪӳϵʱ۵ĿռҲʧЧʱֻҪһռŲƣֱ뿪ɽȻٽεŲƣȫ֮ززӴţ뺣ûҵټ
ˣˣ
ϵı߽ǰˡ
£
Ҳʶһ㣬ϵϵı߽һ֮ǽ
˿ȭͷͳǽ˹ȥ
䣡
ǽһѷ죬ɾʱ򣬿˸оΣ
ֻ۵һ
ûָһǽסˣֻҪסˡ
ã
˱۵һץסֻо˶Ҫץɷ顣
ĽױԴսףѿˡ
ҲҪ뿪
˴һȻȵ˺ţڣ
˺ţǿ˵񽢡
ڿ˵ֻ֮ϵ֮⣬˺˳Ȼöڵֱϵ
öڵ൱λ۷徳ȫһ
۱Ͳһˣ˿̸оϵΣֻɿˣöڵعȥ
ۣϵ־ػ
һжҪػΪһ
ɱˣζѡ
ɿˣ˴˿ﻹͣϵ񱼶ȥ
뿪ˣϾͿ뿪ϵˡ
û뵽ϵӦĿ˺ţȻڹؼʱһ
Ĵ˿ҲǴϲӳˣӳˡ
䣡
öڵ˿̵ٿȥʱ򣬿ѾĿռ
޷뿪ϵֻܸɿ뿪
ߣ
˴һҪ񽢡
ɾʱǿպȻռһǽһ
˵ҲǱʲôסһ˩
̧ͷȥֻǹƴճһӰǡ
һȫڷ
ĵ鷢ˣĵˡ
һѡ
һҲ֪ԼԲǶ֡
ˣ̫ʧˡǵſˣ̾һҽôණû뵽㾹ȻǱҡȡҵоɹô෸˵ıԴֱ޿⡣ԹԵĸһȥҿһ
ǵ䣬͡
˽Ҫݣ֪ȥ³ҲҪȥֻǰҵС󣬰ҵһоԴûоֵһɱҡҪ뿪뿪ѧԺ
˵ţתƴȴȴָ޷ֺ
Ҫˣûõģǰ̫СˣֻҪᶯһָ㡣
ǿſˣǿһһ㡣
ǵΪҲ񾳽磬򣬶ͨգѾ
ĶΪֻܱѹƣûκεķ֮
Ҳţ㲻һѣѵܻɱҡ˴
ԼѾǿˣѾһǰǸˡ
⻰Цˣѵ˵ôһͷɱġ㻹̫ˣٷһȥ
⻰ţôôǹԣ֡
˸оԼܵ裬ǾŭΪ˽ң֪ҵȫʵҸ㣬ˣһһУԻһСû˿뿪ҲС
˵ţֻжĿˣȫҫ۵Ĺâ
һűԴҵıԴ𶯣ڿռ汾ԴҲ


1901 Сƻ
ǵĿ⿴ռ汾Դ䡣
˾Ȼͨ汾ԴҪ汾Դ
һ̣ǶԿ˶ЩˣҺܾȣ㾹ȻԹͨ汾Դôģ룬ǿҹ汾ԴоͬԴɡһűԴԴһűԴǾͬԴġͬԴűԴԻɡںϣͬԴ֮佨һǵܻഫݣԺ϶Ϊһ
һΪ˵ǿͬԴһۣ뵽˽汾Դ
ڣԼΪ͸е߲ռ䣬汾Դγɹ񣬴Ӷ汾Դ
˱һ࣬˿ҲûʲôñģǿͬԴ룬ôоңѵѧϰоɹˡҹͨ汾ԴֱӾӵ񼶱֮⣬ǿҲ񾳽ҿ㻹ôסҡ
񼶱۷
ƶԼ汾ԴһԻǣӵ뿪
ǳĬˣƬ̺ҡҡͷ̫Ϊˣ汾Դǿӵ񼶱Ϊܻңڶҷɣͻ֪ҵĲൽж󡣡
ҧҧܻⲻܡ
װģһװġ
ȷʵٵˣΪ汾ԴΪܲס
ܸо嶼һıѣʮӶˣͻ᳹ɢ
ɱ
һޱǿ֫ٺһ˲о涼ڵ֮С
棬ʱգλ棬ڷ飬ԼѾ飬ǿܷ飬ȫظ֪
ܶ쵽һϣʯͷһϣҲܶ쵽Լһλλǿ顣
ЩֻԺ֮һûʱȥЩҪǣֻлǣܻ뿪
һսǴģһĽױԴսҲǿ
սѾնɱʮλһλ˵
ҪǴսնǶԼɡ
һû֮еôƺƴ󣬷ֻΧ֮ڣҲǽģܷӳǿĹЩϵĹʵǶƿ̫ˣȫ˷Լ
һƿռ䣬ֱǶ
зһȫ˱ܣӰһĶȫɢ
ñȿռ䣬ռģһԽ䵽һ˵ϣʵѾĿѾֻˡ
ñʱ䣬ʱ䣬һҲɢˡ
ñʩչĹƫƣ޷Ŀꡣ

ǿ˵һȻȫЩһеϣûκε˷ѡ
⵱Ȼģ汾Դġ
Χʮ֮ڣһЩǿߴ˿̶ǸоˣڸıΧķ
𾪣׷״׷ʲô
ǿһĻһﳤĵʮ־޵ĸо
̫ǿˡ
һնɱ񲻿ܣնɱ㹻ˡ
ˣĺܲ˵ҵİӣһ㶼ûе͹㣬ҽȫ˳ͽʦ̫ˡǸıΧǲٳΪǳΪǡ֪ȫԴԼķ򣬶˵ĻģǷ򡣡ǿһܶ㲻ܡ
˵һ¿ռ֮ǽһȾ
˵һ޼᲻ݣᱻһݻ١
˵һӣˮûκζ
˵ʱĺܿ죬һ۾ǰꡣ

ǲֻǰĿռ䷢˾ҵı仯
ռ֮ǽˣмɺ񣬵ס˵
ֱˣס˵
ӳˣǱˮɵһжȫΪޡ
ΧʱҲڱ죬ǵǴ꣬ԽԽø಻

˶ˣ⵽ʲôֱͨԸ컻ء
Ҳˣоһ̵ǶȡƿȨǲס
Ϊʲôⲻ汾ԴƿصôΪʲô˵Ҫʲôʲô
Խռ֮ǽи򣬴ԽӣǵǸǰʱѾҪʧ
һץͰץֻһСǵš
˴˿ֻ̺о֡
ΪʲôΪʲôѾʩչ񼶱Ȼ޷
ԼղãͿʼ汾ԴٸüΣ汾ԴҪˡ㻹ãֱӷ汾Դͨ˵ţ˫ִӡЩӡΪһֱӴ͸߲ռ䣬汾ԴΧס
һֻоܸӦ汾Դ򣬺Ȼͺʧȥϵ
ȥӦһ֮ǽبǰס汾Դͨ
˾ޱȣ㣬סҺ汾Դͨͨ
Ц֪ˣΪܽ汾Դˣ̫ˡãܷӳ񼶱Ҳãʲôǡ
ɫ԰ףԭԼôԼѹ׵һУ־Ϳƽ⡣
ոǾͷ汾ԴͨͨһжӲ
̫ЦˣоԼһС
ȥ
˵ţһӾһǿ˿˵ϣһһ
һѪȥصϵ֮С
˴˿ȴǸоʹ
ֻо
ˣ
һֻһϤӰˣƾ
ãˣƾҺڻ޷ôô¡
ƾһѷס˿ˣĵ㣬û°ɣ
ƾӣЩж
ʱ˹ƶ֮Ψƾ޷˵Ĺˡ
ܣûҺ԰ɣ
ʱﻹףƾ֮ǰװġ
ƾεЦЦȻûУҺҸģôС
˿ǸжƾûҺȴװҺӣΪʲôΪԼԼ԰Щ˵ıԴ
ƾֵû׽
ϵ˵Լϵջ񣬿ܾƾֵˣôãԺҹûлᱨˡԺΰץȥ˵ɱң϶Ҳ
⻰ƾҲǳĬˡ
ȡԺоɹ˽ô˵ıԴֻ㹻п˸ˡ
ƾſˣԵޱȰˡ
ܣϧһ㣬ǶԲסˡ
ƾ˽ԷɴѧԺܲƾ
ƾĬˣЩ
˻˵ʲôʱȴյƾĴ磬㻹뿪㻹һλᡭ
˲⣬ﻹлᣬͱο˺ô
ƾʱЩȻУһλᣬЮңԺῴɱˣһ뿪㶯֣ҪҿֱץסңõҵĲϣĻˡ
ܣ
˴˿Щ
ƾҪʲôȻҪЮԼֻΪԼ뿪
Ǻεȵֵ壬ֵҲ˰ɡ
㣬㻹ŸʲôҪǲ뵱С󣬾Ϳ㡭û£㲻ùңˡƾڿԺһƾȫҪԼȫ˿ˡ
һ̾ƾ̫ΰˣʲôʥգʲôڤȫ޷ƾȡ
˿˿ķֿ˿޾գһɣһԨ
еѡô
ҧҧ˾ϣܣлл㣬ĶⱲӶ޷ԺҪǳΪһþԼһеҲ񾳽硣ҪǳɲҾҵһжġ
ƾȻﰵϲҵȵľ仰
Լ׬ˡ
ƾȴǲұֳκεľϲ㲻˵ˣҺֵܣͼЩԺ֮ټϣѾΪһǿߣ档ʱֵ۸С
˵˵ͷһԥ
ƾʾһ£սȻͼƾĲϡ
ۣǶһ
ʱŭ뿪ȻҾɱ
ƾ˿ҲţԺңҰ
ǳĬˣƺЩɡ
ҲһĽ;籾е㲻һ
ģ
ɫƾҲǷ˴Ҫɱɱɡ
ƾһļٵģ
˶Щƾûôߵļֵ
ƾ۾һתʲôٴδԺƭˣŻ㣬ҷŵѪŵѪ
Żң
һ룬ˣӦò²ϷԲסˣֵܡ
һƾСͱȥֱӶ
ƾ죬ﰵҷŵѪŻŻԺͱҰ
ߣ
˴ţľݼٴα˳ȻҾɱɱ֪ץȥĺұƼˣʲôܸɵóߣ
ۿһĻҲŵˣͱ
Ժ⡭
ˣƾֵһû뵽㾹Ȼ˾顣һƺҲŵˡ
ֻţҲٵǵС󡣡˴ţԽԽԵЩ񲡣
һ׼ԼĽɫλҪֵһӣȻǸܷ뿪
ƾҲ˵ݼȾˣԺҰѧϹϣС㲻ܾһɱҰ
⻰㻹ˡ
ĬãһЭҪ˺ƾҷߡ
˵ǵӰʧʵݲȥˣôεľ飬ƾôġ
סתǴϲ
뿪뿪ˡ
˼ģץƾ񽢣棬ľȻѾ档
˰죬֪˵ʲôˡ
ģԺ˵ڣߡ
ߣ
˴һ񽢴ռʧϵ
һϵķʡ㯣ôһЩĻ
õ汾ԴƬǹ汾ԴģѧԺѧϰѧԺţڵԼ
ѧԺǣ̫

һ֮
ƾſˣЦЦ磬ԺһоͿԼˡ
˳Ĭ
Ӵ֮ǹ¼ҹˡ
ĵˡ
ܲܲߣ
˿ƾ˿Ĳƾ뿪
ƾΪ̫ˣĺܸж
ߣѵһ𴳵棿ҺúõѧԺѧһҪعѧԺġ˵źӶѧԺȥģˣѧԺҸôĵطǱԺϳΪѧԺҲȥƾЩƿ˿˵֣ȻȻĳѧԺķȥ
ܣҶĳŵԶı䡣˴ȵ˺ѷΡ
ƾſ˻˻֣ʧ˿˵ǰ
һߣٴμͲ֪Ǻˡ
ˣȥģĴ˿Щ
ʶ˿˵Ϊ֮󣬻ĸı⣬Ҫˡ
˱Ҫǿ
˳˼һ£ҸطҪһʱ䡣
˶ȡǡɡоĴ汾Դϵͳ˵汾ԴƬⶼҪʱЩ
ĵͷȫӿ˵İš
ʧ֮Ум
ѧԺ֮Уڿں汾ԴƬʱ˵һʱ֪ˡ
Ѿʼں˴һűԴںϳɹ֮ʵﵽһ˼ĵزЦЦڿԽԽˡ
űԴһϵͳ˸֪Ѿϵͳ˺šĻеķںϣԼڸ汾Դĸ򣬶ǵ۾Сƻô򵥡ЦЦ
ҲЦǴӿӦоٵĶ
֮ƾعˡ
ƾôᣬûʲôҲûʲôѵ⣬ȫ͵ûзһ
ǲ£ƾסˡ
ҵǣ£Ժҷ˴촦Ұ죬ҿݺݵشҡ
ǰһ㻹¡
ƾǲڣˣԺù˼ݿɵӣֱӰҹؽʮ˲ظ꣬Ļٰҷ䵽ʺĵطȥ
ҪͷģҪʮ˲ģѧԺͷһ
εҡҡͷ˵ˣ๻ˡӴˣֻÿ˾ĳҲ񣬹ĽһһֲٸġϷݵ̫ˣ̫ԼϷˡ֪ʲô⣬˿ɾ϶ֵܣԺҪټʱ񾳽磬̵ܴô
ƾһʼϷӴǵİš
˲ѧԺҲֻǸһʵĽڣ뿪ѧԺѡ
Ժôҵ㴦ȻһһȥɶûУҵ֮Ŀ϶˺ܶ࣬Ժȹǧ꣬ﻹҵĶ顣ƾ쵽ȻҪȥֻܷǼϷ˿
ǿƾ̯һѧҲΰ
ҸһѧԺ⴦֪ͨȥҪʲôԼϣȻ󽻵ȥ˵ţ˻־͸Ͻƾ뿪ˣһһеƲס
ƾϲѣԼдðǾôôˡ
Ļдÿ֪Ժ󣬴ӴԺҹ£涼Ǻֵ塣
ա
ѧԺ֪ͨͨѧԺ
ѧԺѧ꼶ѧƾ˽ͨˣıѧԺоɹְۣΥѧԺ¼ضƾ´1ʮ˲ڹꡣ2ƾвƸ⳥ѧԺʧ3ƾͣѧָ֣ѧԺѧݴ
֪ͨѧԺڲѧԺվϵ
ɽ
ѧԺʷѧݵһΣѧԺһƬȻ
ƾܵĴļٵģ
˵ʵǣû֪з飬淢ʵʵģһʱ䲻ѧˡ
СϢ˵Ȼƾɢġ
СϢͬΪ棬Ǳ¼һΪѧԺ¼ѧԺʷϣǣѧԺX꣬ѧԺѧƾ˽ͨˣıѧԺоɹְۣΥѧԺ¼ԺŭУԺΨһݿɳΪ飬Ҫƾͬƾ֮СӢТʹ޲ֹԺжƾʮ˲ڹ꣬вƸͣѧ
ݣѧΪƾϧ
ʮ˲֮УƾģҪܳͷ
Ժ˵ˣ̫ܺ˵˵һһʵǸô㲻ҪϷôԺҰݵһ㣬ʮ˲ͺúøһ°ɡڤۿܷƾЦЦƾŵľһ顣
ļٵģ
УҪȥҲҪƾʮ˲˵Ǹ˴ĵطЩڤ۵ΪԽԽǿʮ˲Խӵɭֲˡ
ȥˡڤ˵ţһɷͳƾ˹ȥ
ƾɷ
Ժ
ϳˣɷԺڤ۵ģǵڤסԼ

ɷճƾϣƾֻоϱһǧһ˲ȥ
Ȼ󲻵ɷΪʮ˵壬ȫ
һ̣ƾĶˡ
ϷֻúõݸϷѡ


1902 ǳ뱣о
ƾְʯͷԼŵĸо
ڤ۲һ׶㣬һһ䵽ſڵϵƾϣЦĺܲá
Ժ˵ˣ㲻ҪϷôݵһ㡣ոԺǴĽԴɷ˵ˣ˽𵤶ܷסھһͨˡ
ƾһ£ǣԼһʩչ
Լһжˡ
ʵԴɷԺĺûѿоģԺɷ˿˺汾ԴϵޣҺ˵ʲôںҵĸ㣬ʮ˲ӭ㡣
ڤЦţʥּһҪúдƾ
Ҫ뿪ҲϷˣҪؼң裬ְ֡ԺŮƾһʵûУ뿪ǳΰĽûнɾ޷ƿ
ˣһúдŶڤƾȣŵһȥ
ڤۣڤ棬ڤ磬ңвУкöƾǵһĵĻˡ
ڤ۵ʲôˣڤֻ־˾УǹͱˡڤۺߵңҲж˫۾أԺ֮ͣеķԴɷһΪʮ˵ƣÿһҪƿһƣʮ˵ȫƿþʮ˲ʱΪȻҲָܻͿ뿪ˡ
ʮ˵ƣöӦʮ˲ȻǿǺõġ
ƾʿˮǣҪƲأ
ڤʱЦˣƲʹƣһֱƲһֱƣƿΪֹȻⱲӵĹˡ
ƾˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
йעƾˣ˿Ҳ겻ѡ
ƾһıˣΪҲˣһķ˴˸пѣѧԺ֮еٮٮߣΨһһλַȴ䵽̡
ң̫ˡ
Ϊֱҡͷƾ̫ˡ
һǿеģƾšԱߵ˶ȥˣϹ̾ʲôġ
㶮ƨҲ顣˷ʱһƬȻϸһ룬е

Զڲ֪ڹ֮Ŀ˻Ѿں˴űԴ
ڵǿоԼԺһսˡ
ȻֻǸоںЩԴӦþĲˡ
ˣҸոյõһϢʱѾƺΪˣԸΪͣʵҲû취̫ǿˣˣƱ˳̵ǱȻ顣
ʲôϢ۾һ
ֵƾΪ飬ѧԺˡĻ˵ţûпڣԵЩأٳɣڶǱ߶ˣ˵ѧԺѧƾ˽ͨˣıѧԺоɹְۣΥѧԺ¼ԺŭУԺΨһݿɳΪ飬Ҫƾͬƾ֮СӢТʹ޲ֹԺжƾʮ˲ڹ꣬вƸͣѧ
󣬺ݺݵȭͷŽµȥ
䣡
еʮСΪܲס˵һѷ졣
ƾѾ˵ܷ˿Ϊˣơƽ϶뿪ˡİԼϢȫ˵˳κε
˵ʵƾͿ˵飬Ҳ𾪲ѡ
˵ĹϵҲ̫ˣǻ
ѧԺУֵ棬ɶǶܣֱˣҲûϵ˵ȥˡ
ԣ˵ȥˣҲǳ֪ǶĶ֪
ܣһġҧҧŬ

ں汾ԴƬͨС󣬶汾ԴоԽԽ
ǵΪڷ汾ԴĸֻѾﵽһǰ޹˵ĵز
ȷ򣬹һһǧʮ֡
û֪ѾЩȷ򣬲˽ӽһ֡
ָоȷȫΪͻƵ񾳽ʱ
˳Ϊǰһַ򵽼£մַ򣬿Ȼߵһ·
ǵĲν񣬲ﵽµʱͨмӳɣӶԼԽļޡ
˵Ļһַ򵽼£ӳɵԽޣȻûаһַ򵽼£ķ࣬ÿһַֻӳһ㣬ǺϼδûӳɵĶࡣ
һ·ʮףֻһףҵĿһǧʵһġ
о˵ǵ߸Եģֻǰûôķѡ
ڲһˣ汾ԴԽԽףԺδûһͨ֡ʮַ֡ӳɣӶӵս
󣬿ںе汾Դ
ʵ˿ѾޱȽӽ񣬲ľһͻƵ
ˣҪ壬Ҫɱں汾ԴǵıԴ
ĳ֪򣬿˵֮ͣС
ˣ׵ϺӦþ͵ˡСһ£ΪʲôҪɱˣЩ֪壬ʵ˵ʵҲ඼нս˸ոںô౾ԴɱˣҲûбҪ֡
˺г𣬵ǲץңҸ׼ˡ˵һܼǳˣûԼ֮ǰ˴һ
ʵȻҪ
⻰˵ˣ̫ǿˣ޽ġ
ռ˲ֻӰˣغͲ׵ϡ
üͷʲôˣΪʲôԼǵ񽢣
׵Ҳ֣յϢа֯Լ棬
ǲ͹ˡ
ϾǺͰ֯õĺϵԷݼȻǰ֯ˣҲܷġ
ȻֻҪһ֯ԱݣЩ̫ˡܣ⻹ҵû뵽ôˡипʱˣôʶˣ
˵ţ˴֮˳
Ϥں˱ԴƬˣǸˣؾֻǰĿһǶֻܣڵĿˣȴһľ
Ȼ׵ҲЩ𾪣˰֯
밵֯ǰɡ밵֯ʵ̫ˣֻҪһҵĻѣȻһˣҲܳΪ֯һԱ˵˵ţȻҡҡͷҺ˵ЩʲôԼǳֻ·ѣСҪҸ׼Ҿͬķʽرǡ
غͲ׵ɫǸѹСھȻɱˡ
ûɱ㣬ץ׼ҲûˡΪ㱳ѧԺѧԺԺǸ֪ΣգҲٳ־ˡ׵Цڿ˺ѧԺ飬֪ġ
˱ѧԺҲ֪
ʵǿ˲ȥǣҲҿ˵ġ
ȣҲˡĬĬر۾Ȼʱɱ⣬ϻˣɣ
ԲѣҪ㡣׵˵ţػ࿴˿ͬʱſ˳ɱȥǿɲС˿ˣϾȥʮ꣬ڵĿӦñǰǿ˲١
Ĵ˿Ҳܽţڱֵĺţƣ˲ͱɱ˰ɡ
ǿ˱ɱ϶ҲҪ군
˴˿ޱȵųɱˣüͷһ¡
ԽԽ˾Զˡ
Ҳʱ򣬿˵𣺡汾Դϵͳ޸Ŀռ䷨޸ģ޸ǳ޸޸Ľ֮޸ľ֮򡭡
ſ˲ϵؿڣΧȻˡ
еķȫıˣſ˳ɱĲ׵Ϻأ뵽һ̶֮С
Ǹоеķ෴ǽ
ô£ˣ
ıˣ׸ʲôⲻܣ
˶ǾʧǾȻˣ̫ˡ
˳ȥµĿռһ˾ߵ˸ǰ
ŭĿԲȴǻ̿ޱȡ
֪ʲôΪʲôǻᶯˣΪʲôǰͻȻôǿˡ
֪ˣǵڻ֪ôסǵİɡȻԺ˵ĺܶԣ֪ʶһǿĻѧԺЩ˱ǲçѡ
˿ˣֻֻس˵Դȥ׼׼Լ
˵ţֻغͲ׵ϵ徹Ȼһķֽ⣬ȻΪ뵽˿˵塣
˸ոĵת˲֮͵õ˲䡣
ֻǿҲֻһ˵ȫ޷ˣΪѾˡ
ʱ˲գתص񽢣߰ɡ
Ļеĵ˵ͷڶûзӦոյ׷ʲô
ǿôģ
ֱ̫ˡ
ѧԺ֮Уǿ˿˳ֻɱλĳݶ¼ô
ɵ˵ͷ¼ˣջܴ󣬿˱ĻҪɫҾһ죬ǿƲס
룬ҲЩ
ǳĬƬ̣ҡͷұҲûд̫ˡʵİѿ˵ҵһӣҽЩҲû˿͵ǸһְɣԺôˣҪǵ⣬ĵҪҳֵʱԺ̫ʧˡ
ɺɶǿЦãԺĴ

ϵͳ֮ʮˡ
һյϵͳʾǳˡ
оϵǣϳһЩϲɫ
ǳΪ׼ģǳҲԼˡ
ͨϵͳֱӰǳȡˡ
ʱֻǵĳһΡľŲ¥
һ£оŲ㣬ʷ׶壬͵ϻĵһЩ¥ǳƣͬʱΡŲ¥Χ޾лƣɫʰ쵵У̲סС
輸һ޶
ǳһģͿʼ޾֮ӿܿγġơ
Ȼ⿴ƣʵޱȿµС
ƣоԽڣ˺֮ӿ¡
Ǹһ£ʱԲѾܿס
ʱҲҪ˱ᡣ

лᵽǳڻǳÿһšǳͨǴС˺󣬿͸ǳӡǿߣ˻ܺ롮ǳڣ˽ӳܡ
ϸһ£˿̵ǳ֮Ѿǳˡ
ǳǸ߽㼶
ţȻַԼԺȨȣǲһ㡣
ϾԼԺȨȿǶ㼶
оһǳȫŪ֮ʹǳ
룬дһͨȥѧԺоѧԺѧ꼶ѧУڼ䣬죬ɼȻѧԺоͶ⣬񷨱ǳһʽͻƵ߼磬ǰоѧѧԺͬۺϿÿͬѧǷоλͬѧҪȣŬѧϰ
о
ѧԺǷˣ
ⲻǱô
ԼյϢʱҲЩµģΪѧԺоѧ
̫ˣҲ̫ϲˡ
ҦܡסȲٵѧ˿̶Ĭˡ
񶼱ˣû᣿
ȥȡѧԺķҲǳ
Ժ
˵ţѾ˷һŲС
һۿȥǳ𺳵ģǳôǿ޷ʹõķ
ˡ̧ͷ֪ͻƵ߼оҲ˷ʱˣֱӰ㱣ˣҲ壬ǳ㡣
󣬸Ǹж
ԭȻֱӸԼǳ˿϶
һӣǳ˹ȥǳĲ࣬һطġǳоŷͼҸǳǲڵģǻ˾ͨҼ򵥵Ŀһ£ͨҪԼÿһͨǿ󣬰ѧԺͨĻ֣ǰ߽ͨмڰ˽ͨھŽͨ
񰵰𾪣ͨĵȽе߰
Ϊ߽ͨ൱ĵͽ˽ͨ൱ĶŽͨ൱
ȻЩͨҪǳʹòУΪЩͨǳ׵ͨЦЦȥúоǰͨڵΪǿġ
ǣԺ˵ҲЩ
ǳĿսˡ
ȥЦЦϵͳһǳǲٴȼķסҦǣƾҪƫˡ
ȥ֮ͿʼǳоǳԺӦþǿķˡ


1903 嶯
ʵԼԸܳǳĵȼܸߣߵĿ¡
޷ǳľͨ޷ǳȫӳ
ֻѧǳǰͨǳҲֻ൱һ׵㼶
ǳͻһʱ䣬ҪǳͨҪѴʱ䡣
Ҳǹȥһ꣬ͳΪоƽϢ
ڡѧԺ¼棬Ҳ¼˴α͵¼ѧԺѧɼ죬ѧԺֱӱоΪѧԺһλоͬʱѧԺԺͷǳѧԺ𾪣

ء
ѧԺһңв꼶ѧһùΡ
ѧ˧
ǰ̫˧ˣӡ
СɫŮͻƵɾ˵ɡ
һȺţٵѧҲǳ˾塣
ѧԺǴһĴڡ
񣬾һһ
Ҳ۹˵ܴѧԺһѧ
ʥ
߽˽ң˿СһǧѧЩܳû뵽ôҵĿΣһǺܻӭġ
ʱ˻
ѧʲôˣ
ѧܸܲ˵˵ò˵顣
ѧǲϲˣ
ЩЦãⶼʲôʲôˣҲǴнϿεģǾͲҪ˷ѧԺҵĿʱˣֱӽɡҪǹͨģνͨѧԺеģ֮ⱻ֮ΪѧԺͨΪŽףһͣŽߣ֮УҲѲ༶ΪСԼСµȻҲʵЩϽģΪСµ󶼼ڷɡٶȡתȷ棬ûеһ꣬ѧԺͽ޶֮Ϊɷڻ̫ͨԶʵϲвѧʱҪһԺԼҪʲôͨˡ
񽲵ĺģҲ棬ѧҲ
ҪЩѧ棬ٶǸ꼶ѧвѾͨˡ
һÿιȥ˴룬֪ͨʶ㽲߰˰ˣҲÿεڣǶЩвѧһͨɡ
˭ѾͨԵǰʾһ¡ЦЦʱѧ۾һ˾֡
ѧ̨ʾͨ񶼶ǽָ㡣
Ҫһѧ̨ʱѧԺ֮һԺ
ѧԺѧǵͨѶѧԺոһƵ
ϵػصţѧЩ浽ʲôƵ
ʱҲͣˣҶһѧԺ͵Ƶڿξ͵˽лٸϿΡ
˵ţҲ㿪ԼͨѶ
һƵ˳˲ţֻһ¼ƵЩζܿһ˵ӰƵ֮С
ѧԺѧɯ
װͬѧǣǰɯڵλ֮е½β֯ĸλԱβĻɺ͹β֯롣׷ɣ׷еūƶڰԼ̵һƶȣβ֯ڵּǽȫūҴβ֯֯ѾгǧĳԱ鲼أЩԱеǽȳūеūҲβ֯ǿ˵С֮ԭԺһǲֿһǵġźūԡ
ѧĬˡ
ɯ̫ߣ¹Ůˣ¹ŮбķΪūҲΪЩС˽ȫū뷨
˶֪ɯѧԺ֮βҲԱ
ʱüͷѾһֺܲõԤУҪˡ
ʱ򰢼ɯһתȻЩǽūһЩūŵ棬ǱˡһСʱ֮ǰﱻжͨѶзɳȥսҲȫʧȥϵ֪ȴҵĿʲôѾ׼ֻҵûܰҵȥʵڽ֮󣬿ЩūűʵҾ֪ƾԼȫūֻǳ룬ҵͬѧԺ϶ܳΪ񣬳Ϊϣܱ֮ҵ־ΰֹٵҵɯлˡ
ѧ۾ʪˡ
װɯҪʲôˣϣѧԺ֮룬һС
ѧԺŰƵÿһˡ
ƵȻֹǸһӰֻβ֯·βԱ¾ѪȾǺӡ
һĳū·ˣڷץβ֯ĳԱ
һ棬ɯһͷ̨ϣۿһӣ˵ʲôһ£նˡ
ˣ
ɯˣ

ѧԺ֮˶ݵĳĬ˶ûдӸոյӰ֮зӦ
ɱˣ⵽ĸūţҪȫңͻȻһѧԺѧҲ۾죬ߡ
ʱǵѧԺ𣺡󰢼ɯƵǱ˹ǼϵģΪľǾЩ񰢼ɯһĽū壬ǽū³
Щģȥɱɾ
̳аɯ־ôˣ񾳽磬ʱӰЩūȫɱ

ѧŭţѧԺɱˡ
Ժ칫ң˪Ĭ죬֪˵ʲôãЩѧǻ̫СˣЩʲôѵȥ
ǿգĬá
ûѧʵѧԺѧҲǧˡ
ǰɯӰ̫ˣǵĴ˵ѧԺһѧʱ
ɯΪʲôΪԼ룬ʵʵԼ롣
ԣɱˣЩūŵɱˡ
֪ҪҪ־Ĳˣܹ١棬֪ūΪɯܴ֮ѾĬĬ˷ӣɯ֮Ὺһµʱ˵ţЩ䣬ɱѧԺѧ԰벽ΪɱֻдԲ񾳽İɯֱﲻˡ˽ǰɣһĺѿ
˵ţǾҪ뿪ѧԺ
ǾʱҴҵ˹ԺոȥˣֱӾʹȥ½ҸоҪȥɯ𡣡

Ǵ⣬û뵽˱Լ
ǵģߵʱĿ£ɱˡʵɯѧԺʱ׷񣬲ؾˣ˳Ϊѣ񻹽˰ɯٵĶǰɯİʦ˵ɯ£ŭ϶񡣡룬˵ʵҲɱˣ߻ҪѧԺİţû뵽ѧԺһкֱӾȥˡ
ķˣһŭΪҲˡ
ȥˡҲáǳ˼һ£Ҳľ磬һȷ֣ͨҴǳնɱ㹻ˡ
֮ͬڣ޵еĴڡ
һˣվŵūó׼ţȫūţսʤūó׼ҲӲģһεֱġ룬û̫Σˡ
˪ҲһЩġ
ߣūó׼ôˣվŵˣնɱʱ˭ҳ֣ҾͶ֡˵ţ˵һӰεūó׼ţѧԺɱΪɯ˭
⡭
Ϊһūó׼б¾Ϳսɡǻ˻ӣٶ˵ʲô

˪̾һ֪ˡ
񲻳֣ԼԳֻɱﻹʲôūó׼š
˽ǵľ˪۵̣涼޳ҡ

ˣٴγֵʱѾ½
½ǺƿصǺеһֲ֮һ
ʱѾϡ
벽Ϊһҽūūó׹˾ĸˣвūȥūʮڡ
ЩūĲǷ쾳ΪǿĶдԲΪ
ֻʵҲΪǣʵϣūūó׹˾ūó׼Ź˾ڶӹ˾һ
ūó׼ţǲūó׵ԴͷѧԺɽūó׹˾һֱ׷ȥƿͬūó׼š
ūó׼Ź˾ľްԣū˾ϴ
ūó׼ţҲ˴Сʵ
½֮ûмȥһҪȥǾǸɯʬ
ɯնףЩūó׹˾ʾĵͣԸû˸Ҹʬ
ӰһŰɯĵطȥ
ҲʱյǵĴѶ
Ժ
˵ţŲµΪʲôѡʱϵԲԺɱһˣȻͻȥǳҳ֣Ҷǳ棬Ҳûɱҡ
ǳܣȻ˽⡣
ǳˣȻɱѡ
ʱҲûʲôҺ˽㣬ɯˣѧһܷŭҲһЩ顣Ȼǿ϶һİաҲõģҲǺȥģǹ㣬ܷȥѧԺϣ˭ҳֱ֣Ӷצӡʲôūūó׹˾Ҳ֡
ΪжԺԭ֧ġ
ǳĬƬֵ̣ūó׼ſ֪ɯѧԺѧǻôˣǾͳеڡɯ˵ĺܶԣūó̫ڰˣѧԺԺ󻹻ǧǧɯʱǵĳͻֻԽԽࡣ
ȫūѧԺʲôʹܷѧԺļֵۡ
Ժиѧūó׼ųͻǱȻġ
ѧԺڵʵѾκϧһս
֪ԺѾ˾Ҫ̳аɯ־ȫū˵ʱȻŲ񷣬ĵģҳΪʱһʱգһ죬磬ūսõꣻҳΪʱһаū֯սҳΪʱģڵģδıū֮ˣԻ
סû뵽ᷢ˺Ը
Ҫ겻ɣҪе޴ԺǳΪҲա
Ҳ񷢹ЩԸ֮Ǹоľ־Լ˵Ϊõһõĳ˵ļӳ֡
üͷϸЩˣʱˡ
ʷ֮УЩū֮ľ־Щ΢֮Ʈţ˿̱µĺԸȾԷĳ£
ǳĬã뵽֮еĴԸ
½ūūó׹˾ܲǰɯĵط
ūūó׹˾һūţǧפͬʱﻹųūвǰɯβ֯ĳԱ
һѽ
ʲôˣūūó׹˾ʲô飿ǲū׽˲β֯ĳǣƷʶܲſһ˵ţҪū
β֯
ʱĳѾն˹ȥ
꣡
ӵԴնֻ۾ɵϴ󣬿˾֡
ʱūūó׹˾ע⵽ϾʱǺܾҵġ
ʲôˣ
֣֣
˭ô󵨣֪ūūó׹˾ĵ𡣡

һ˲䣬Ȼ˶ʮĸ񾳽Ĳūų
ǿüͷ
ʲôˣôһһĲūųߵ
ʲô˲ҪҪ˽춼Ҫū˾ˣûһ޹ġ˵ţǳֱգȻֻǳ֮ͷųһūūó׹˾
ֻܽܳ
ŹκһˣҪЩɱ˰ɯȫɱΪɯᡣ
ɱ
˺ţ˶Ƕ֡
ǿҲ񾳽磬Ҳ񣬻ǳһȷߵôЩ˿Եֵġ
ֻķɽɳȥݺᣬһūūó׹˾˺
תۣūūó׹˾ͱ˼

һūŵӶɵˣ˿ϵĺˣܵǳƣѾ޿ˡ
˿ޱȿ־壬⵽ɱǣֱֲ̫ˡ
˵ģЩ沢ûūūó׹˾Ҫɱ׶
ĽڵѪӴ˿ֵ̿ϴȥǺаҵȥˣڻǺǱߡ
֮ĽһӣھͲ֮б۾
ûмȥūūó׹˾̳˰ɯʬ塣
ɯѧˡ
񻺻ȥ𰢼ɯʬ壬ȻСսһǰ׼õı֮ڡ
Ȼūūó׹˾ūĵط
ֻūţѾĥĲˡ
Щūľȫһ
һūļΣɽɳȥ˼ε
Щūǻԡ
ˡ
ʱ򻺻˵ţȻŤͷͳȥҪȥɱǸˡ
ЩūҲֻЩ
ȣһ£λˣǲǻ᳤ͬѧҿ㴩źǻ᳤һ·һֻԱһ߳һŮӣŮӺͰɯһ¹Ůġ
˵ͷ
Ůʱæµˣǻ᳤
Ů˵ţȻ³һöռָ
ӹ˿ռָֻһ¼ռʵġ
ƿⱾ¼񿴵˵һҳݣҵѧԺʼ
ⱾռǴӰɯѧԺʱʼдģһʹõĻдġ
ҳΪѧԺѧԼţСѧҷ֪ͨʱҵʱɵˡܳΪѧԺѧ̫ˣԺҲܱúǿʵһ룬Ǿǵұǿ֮Ҫȫūūֲбƶȴʧ
˷ܣҵһΰѧԺѧϰˣҽ쿴ѧԺѧ̫˧ˣҺӡ뷨ְɣϾѧӵŮöء
ҼԺ治ǾԺһͨĴһһҲǵЩݵȻ涼ƭ˵ġ
Ѱѧᣬأ
ˣұˣûʲôˣ׵ô࣬ҲںһȻܾңȴָҲٹĶ̫лˡ
ҦܺҲͦ˧ģҸоԼһ˵Ļհ

ͻƵɾˣҾԼһЩˣ֮гһ֯β֯ĿľǽȫūβĻǹɡ
β֯ɹϵūĺΪԼԺ

±֮ЩжһЩԺʱĻ뿪һһЩҪ
ҪߣŮӼˡ
ˣҪȥģ涼ūūó׹˾ˡ
˶ɱˣҪҵҲɱˡ
˵ţѾߵ档
Ůӿһصʬ壬һŵĿѵⶼɵġ
Ҳ̫б˰ɡ


1904 ˭֣ɱ˭
˵ʲôһɳ죬ֱǺжȥ
Ů룬ټβ֯ĳԱʼЩȵū
ǺУһ׶Ĵ󺺣࣬ͷһĺ⣬һͲǺǵĽɫ
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ϣԺǺпչҵһԪ񣬿ɾȫˡ½ĸг񣬴˿ѵ
ϵƣЩǼжҵָģЩָгʲôģҪͽЩͻ
˵ͷЩ˵˵Ұūˣп˻ʱ˳ҰЩūԱ˻ҲǨƵǺôŻʲôģ
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˵ţѾͳ˴š
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ʱոΪ˺Ϳ̸ҵʱһͨѶѵոһͳˡ
㿪һԣɫ䡣
ϴ󣬾
ħǶħˣȫˡ
ϴǹ˾ܲϮˣһ޼ɵ¾ǣʮλųѾѾȫɱˣ׷ɱǣ̫ˡ

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֮󣬻࿴ŶԷ½棬Ҳע⵽﷢顣
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֪ԷΪʲôԼ֣˿侲̲סѯʵ
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ʱˣ϶֪ɯݣһﻹ޷˵ɱ˰ɯ
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˵ţеսٴնֻƬռ䶼Ǳ˽Ӳӵġ
һоռ䱻ռ䶼ˣȻԸıռԡ
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񲻶˺ͬʱһֻһӰ
ӰֵͬʱǽĿռ׷ױ顣
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֪ʲôԼܲܵס
ʱǳʧȥ˿ƣٴλΪ˷ɽصУ㿪֮ķɽ֮ܵ£ɱȥ
ݾӷ˿̿ŷɽӵȥķɽȴ͵һתֱӾͰžӵֱ۸

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ʱңңһָһֲޱȵֱԴȥ
ǺһָɱһС
˭֪ʱȴǸӦΣգһ࣬һָȴǲıӹȥɾҲİԴûˡ
벽ҲˣɱҪ㾡ȫ
ȫ׼ʱؼʱҪ߶ǳġ
ڣ񶼲ô߶ǳܻɱ
ҲˣȻ񾳽磬ǰ벽㲻н񣬶û߽ףȻҴ
ŭŭҲˣԲĶ֡
һȷ񣬱ʵսҲ൱ڰ벽ˣսȥĻᱻɱ
˼һ£ȴŤͷܡ
Դڿٵ޸ʮֵĿЦ
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п࣬ԼǶ֣ܶô׵ġ
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񾭲ȻҪԼһӣԼʶô

ѾԶˣ˿̲סǳſŭ
Ҳˣ˵ʲôҹҿһλ
ҪȥǿȴǸоһֻ־ͳץ˹ȥץ

ſɱ
ҲʱһɫСգֱſȥ
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⣬Ҫɱң
ҲˣɹĺɫСֻоԼһˡ
ԼȻ޷ܣ޷ֻֿһ
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г
Ǻ»½гҲЭһλԱ
λߣһһЩϵֻһ߳ˣǺегֽڡ
˴˿Ҳޱȡ
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˿ҲЩΣűһ˵ˡ
ԼǶ˶ˣԼһӣ˭֪Ϊס·ȻЩɱˡ
ʱ֮дһ㣬ʲôֻ˵һ䣬ѧԺҪɱ˭ٸҲ֣ɱ˭
ɫһû뵽ֵôӡ
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Թ߸Ǿˣ⵽˭ôĿ
ʱ˵ĺɫСȥɫС䵽УȻıһͷ
ʱҲյǵĴˣһҪҵɱˡ
˵ͷȻ֪ոճֵǡ
ʱǱҲע⵽ʲôɫЩ֣̿һͷȻֻһͷɾһͷȻԼ㼶Ķѿˡ
ģߣ϶ˡ
ʲôŭԹ飬Ȼ񶼾ˡ
Щ֮󣬱ڴ˿̳ſŭЩܲ͵ôҿԼ̫ˣҹȥԺǺеҵͱˡԣ㸱гҲˡ
ɵۣΪɶ
ڣǱڴ˿ЦţΪʲôΪʲô֪ոճֵʲôôһλҾȻһλֵ¾㣬Լ붼ЩöԷû鷳˼ȻܶҪ
ɵˣ棿
һͷһͷȻҵĳ㼶ѿˣ˵ԷʲôΪЦţһ֪ģڱǸʲôһλƲϵУˣȫԭɵģȥҵ֮Ͱλ÷ǰˡ
ЩѾ亹
ովȻһλֵģȻţ漣
֪ʱ֪˳ֵʮа˾ǲģҲ
һЭᣬ涼Ҫˡ˵ţҲѾ뿪ˣӣһϡ

Эܲ
Ա˵һжôһϵ𣬶ûп˵ˣȫںڰ֮С
ǵģǧȷԷֻһͷͻҵĳ㼶֣ǳֵһһλ񡣡ޱȿ϶˵š
ܲЩ
֪ˣѧԺ񼶱ǿߣʵǵԤ֮Уֻ֤ʵ˶ѡѧԺ飬ǳעʱĻǻѧԺʵҲȥǡūó׼ιȻһλѧԺѧû뵽ѧԺķӦôңȻˣūó׼ŵλȥ̽̽ѧԺĵס
˵ˣЭ᲻顣
Ҹоūó׼ŵλһҳ֡ʱһ𣬡λǳսթûŪѧԺʵ֮ǰֻѧԺȻȫūĳͻǱȻģӶӲūóŶѧԺѧ֣Ӧþһ̽;档
λķӦˣҲǳԿ˵

֮Ѱ˼춼ûҵټ
˼һ£ūūó׹˾֣˾ܲȻˣ˾Ĳūһһʱפֻܲǧ
滹ʣǧ˾ĲūţȻҪ˵ūūó׹˾ЩūȻܷŹȻһˣֻҪһ齨ڶūó׹˾Ƿַӵ顣
׷ɱūūó׹˾µĲūţû˸ֹ
һϣ
ʱˣֻƳƳ˵ʵһһ
͵ǸͬѧϴεçײˣҴˣĴˣʹ˲С˹ҪһʶΪ˱ʾǸ⣬ѾȥѰˣһλãһһʱ֪ͨ㡣ˣһЩūūó׹˾沶ūŵλãѾİǧ֧ūţʣǧ֧λöˡ
Ϊ⣬⻰һоͰλͼ˹
ԼĶһ
ˣ߰ɡ
ãߡ
ٴγˣһֱŲôҾȰеĲūŶˡ
˵ţִѶĭĭæλá

棬ĳڰ

һȻͿһŮӳˡ
Ůһʱ޵Ŀռ֮УӰ˳
С㣡
ˣޱȵĹˣڸ˿ͣһ¶λãͻᱻ˳ѧԺ
ԼȻģвҵλãȻȥѧԺ͡


1905 ǳɱ
˵ʵԼ֪׷ʲôͲǻһβ֯ô
ôǵô鷳ԼǲΪ˴Ҳ޹
ȿֲ֪β᳤֯ɯѧԺһλѧǵ͹ѧԺʵҲ͹ѧԺ԰ɯӡ֮ǰΪѧԺһֻ۱һֻۣǽ񡣿ȻԤƴˣѧԺҪϧһɱ㣬ΪɯǵԺԳˡ
ԭǸֵѧԺԺһѧԺԺʲôʵüôɵ񲻳ɣ
˵ţ˵ȥˡ
һ࣬ԶλѧԺԺܼɵ
˵ˣһͷͰѱĳ㼶ָѿˣ֮Ѿоųɵİ϶λѧԺԺʵȴ˿ҲЩͷۣһ񽻶Ȼūó׼Ҫġ
ֲܹǣǾūó׵ġ
ѧԺѧҪȫūѾӰ쵽ǵ棬ܸܲɿŰɡ
ɱ˰ɯһѧԺϾѧԺѧˣͺñūó׹˾ĺĲ㣬һҲʲô
˭֪ѧԺơ
һɱһѧҾҪˣҲ̫ˡ
ǣô죬ǿɲܲҰɵˣԳֶԸԼˣҪǼŲˣл·ʱǱɰ
ҲǺڲ֪Ͳͷˡ
ˣԼǼ̽ѧԺһöӡ
ڼ֮̽󣬷ѧԺʵ̫ǿϻƨãԵĲҺѧԺͻ
㲻ãΪƷ
УԼʱֻΪŪһôܰװ׵ľôˡ
ʱҲ뷨һӳһŰ׹Ĺӣһöǧޱȣʹֱ֮ͻƵ硣
ǧԾʿˮ
涼࣬û뵽žȻУھȻҪԼ
ʱоԼһжֵˡ
ЦôõġѧԺλ׷ɱôôǧͻƵ磬ͳȥɱˡ
ʲôҪɱ
ɵˣɱһɯǳô鷳ɱԼл·
ǴԼĵ·ϣһȥ
ѧԺشǵ棬ȻɵѧԺҲû˵žǡնɱ񣬾ٴθѧԺһ棬֪ūó׼ҲӡȺߵ
ʵѧԺôȣūó׼ҲǱһԹ
ѧԺǵ棬ڻǼһūó׹˾ǲ̫ǵˡ
ͻ֮ɱ񣬾ҪѧԺҪǣȻѧԺ³
ôˣ
ЦˣҪѴǧջȥ
ʱԸˣæңôңҽˡ
ΪͻƵ磬Ҳ˲ôˣʱĻɱ񣬴˶Զˡ
⣺ģʱɱ֮󣬼ŻܲѧԺԺһλҲҵǼŵܲˡ
⻰ˡ
룬ûǲܰеϣڼ档

ˣҲҴңȥҲҴҡ
֪ȴżţΪǼλƿߵĵӡ
ʼץʱͻƵ磬ʱҲѾˡ
Ǳ߻æţūūó׹˾µĲūţõλ÷ֲͼ֮󣬱һİε
ˣβ֯ѾǻΪȫūҵܶǸȳ¹ŮŮ˵ţĳ룬Ҳ֯ڵ塣
˿β֯ĳԱ˵ʵΪ̫ˡ
ĿǰߵҲԲ񾳽硣
ʵ̸ʲôȫūѻʯѡ
ɯһɱ֮β֯ͿʼսҪٺūó׼ŲͻǿԻص֮⣬صѧԺڵɽ򸽽ȻѧԺΪģʼū𽥳ܿɢѧԺڱΪӦûᰲȫܶࡣ룬β֯İš
ӣһС֯תġ
λֻūó׼µһ˾֣β֮֯ʧʲôʱūó׼һ˾ˣֱӾܲ˳ˣʱβ֯Ҳⲻ˱ˡ
֪ˡɯ룬Ҳ֮֯ǰ̫ˡ
Ǹһ飬ǵĻ᳤ȥˣҡ㵣β֯Ļ᳤вУɯȻЩĿ񣬡ǻ᳤ͬѧῴŻ᳤֯
ֻĻû˵꣬͵˵ͷԣȫūõ֮ǰҾβ֯һλ᳤
Ѿ´ԸҪ̳аɯ־ǵβ֯Ļ᳤β֯ȥҲһʹ
ɯϲѡ
ʵҲˣβ֯Ļ᳤Ժ֯Ҳ͸бˡ

ҵˡ
֮յĭĴοɰҸ۲ˣֻôһϢҴãã֮һ˳Ҽ̳ĴУҲеֶΣȻĳɹˡϰλ÷㣬ҸоǸƺЩһˣСġ
ĭΪ弶磬Ҫҵ൱ڽʵѾΪˡ
ҵλãɼ֮
յĭ͵λãҪˡ
һҪɱǸΪɯ𡣡ĭ룬˵һ䡣
ʵԳֻɱǸ
ûлӦȻҪɱһҵԷǶԷڣģβˡ

ʮ֮֮ء
磬ҲͻƵ硣Լ֮бЩ
֪֮ж˿
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ˣĭλãҲҵ
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˵ţ
Ѿˣʲô
ǿҲһһнһȷҲǲܵ顣
˰벽磬ܡ
ͻˣ
ϢЩأϴֵʱҸоͻƵ磬ûиǧǸܵ飬ôֻ˼¾ͻˡͻƵ磬ΪʲôҪȵڣһڼ䣬˸ͻƵıƶϵĻֻūó׼ˡ
ò˵̫ˡ
΢ƶһ£Ͷࡣ
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˵ˣūó׼ŻЩѧԺЩˡ
ȻԲһء
񣬽ڡƿ¡
ʱһѧԺϣѾ֪ѧԺһλѧ
ɱ񣬶һΣյʱ
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ˣô˶أԼһսһ񣬶ԷȴǺԼҲ̫ˡ
ȴһ㶼żκ˶ġ
ǿϴܻȻûԭġ˰̾
Ҳһ𾪲ѡ
˷棬Ҳһˡ
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ľҵǾʹĺİɡ
ǲ֪ԼƣǾǻָĿ졣
ʱȥط˲ԣ񣬸һһ
⵽ʲô̬һôɱһ񡣡ŭˣԼȫûа취һͣ˭Ҳκβ˭ҲɱѧԺһѧҲҵūūó׹˾ˣǾʹ˺ͽô
⻰Цˡ
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Χ۵Ҳ±ƣⶼԣ֮ǰڣһ޷ɱͽ⡣
Ĭ²Ҳūó׼ŵ˼ͽ⣬ǲܵ顣ֶζˣȴ޷ɱңһûС
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Щһһս˰죬ȴ㻹صֶûó˭
Χ۵ҲЩȣеƣҲ̫˰ɡ
죬ɱ㡣
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ֻһһŲ㱦ͷ˳ֱգɸߣ˲ΧһĿռ䡣
һ֮ڣռճ
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Χ۵ҲǷ׷׾ǿһΪ˲õķ
ǳ֮вϵתţľֱӾ˺ռ䣬˺ռ䣬ҪΪС
оһΣϵغˡ
ȻĻصֶΣһֲޱȵķ

ţдӡ˿ۻңȻֻ֮еǳֱӷǴ˹ȥһһ
ǳһ̣ͨ
罣һһֱƿ޵Ŀռ䣬ֱӴ̴˵ѵ˸ɱ
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磬һöС֮гɱݺݵس
䣡
ѿһѷ졣
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ۣ
һѪ˳˵˲併˰벽硣
ֻһУȻ㱻ٵ
Χ۵ˣ˿ҲǴʧɫҲֲ̫ˡ
ʲôķһȻҪһŰ
ֲѧԺǱһ㶼ģԭĵƣóڷͷݶˡ
˿ҲЩص湻ġ
㣬㡭ɵˣҪܡ
⻹ô棬ôǿķǶ֡
ūó׼ţҲһķˣȻǲܵģΪֵȽ׵ķֵҪһ
ɣ
߶ǳһоӦÿ԰ɱ
ӡٴα˳εͨңǳһӡһһ֮£һǳ棬һҲҪҵ飬
⡣
ǳѸ£оǳֱ޷ܡ
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ϲңҡ
Χ۵Ҳɵۣȣ
˭֪Ǵ˵ǳȴǲֱӴ߹ȥȫڲˣȻǳץȥ
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ǳҪƿأ˿ҲǴ󼱣ǳջ
Ѿˡ
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ҲʱͬһɫСƿնգݺ꣬Ǵ־ն˹ȥ
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ǵͶūó׼ŵı֮˳֣Ӳܡ
ɫСնȥֻʶʲôȻѸٵĻǸˣֻһ־Ȼն
ȻǺɫСȴȻֱ׷ȥ
Զūó׹˾ܲ洫һŭã
ţֻһɫСֱնǵܲ¥棬ܲ¥һֵһ
һľʱȴǰūó׹˾ĴŸն롣
Ҳ֪ǹģôɡ
ۣ
һʶ̲סЦЦˣ㻹ᱦѶ˸˵ˡ
棡
֮ܲУһ˳𣬲ϵĿռ䣬ԥûҳȥ
ոһĸоֲ̫ˣδǶ֡


1906 ɱ
޹ʶع顣
ո͵ľūó׹˾ܲ㱻ˣȷʵ鲻
˵ʵҲūó׹˾Щˡ
侲ֻЩ£һ̫ˡ
о֮£Ӧûܽסһ
ѧԺǿ
һ£ȥˣúһ¡
˿̻عٳȥʱ򣬷һﾹȻѾ֮ززˡ
βһΣΪ˷ֹߣӡǡ
Ҫǻӵֵд
˵ţŸӦӡǷ׷˹ȥ
ǳչ¶˳ҪٻɱǶ˶ˡ
֮УܸӦһʶʶܾԣƺҪ˺롣
ǣʶסˣûг֡
ȣҪԣѧԺԺҲٳˡһ٬£ճһ˺ʱҲע⵽Ǳ߻һλ
ȣūó׹˾Ҳūó׹˾λǿߵĵ֮һ
ʱҲǿЦʦֶ˼նһƣ㱻ܲƷˣҳô
ô
ȴ˿̽ҧݣĲҡ
һҪǳһ£ɣʱǳ嶯ʱ
ߣ
Ӱһֱȥ
ҲˣǻǾͿԼ컯ˡ
ˣҲͶˣūó׹˾ˣٲ顣
ֱ׷ȥǺĵġ
ǳ˺ѿռ䣬һǻǺӣٶȱҪ̫ˡ
Һò磬ܾôˡѧԺҲɱһѧôô׷ɱô񣬻ǲ֪ʲôȽ׵ķҲ̫ˡ
ǽߡ
ߣ϶ûҵ֮ˣΪû˸ҳ־ңȥĵطֻ塣ֻҪĵ̣ȻܻĺúõġţֱĺսȥڵսʿһЩ׼˵ˣҪͶǣŸԼһ·İеϣūó׹˾Ҿĵˡ
ȥķҲʶʲô
һҪͶ壡
Ͷģ϶ǻӭĺܡ
һǰܣһ׷ٶѾԽ٣Ų֮£˲ȥ
սԽԽˡ
дϲź濴ȥҲͲʱ䡣
ʱȻܽȣ˼ģֱӳ˺սʱսǷ˾
񿴵֪Ҫˣ˿ԥһᣬǳɳȥźսĿռһңȻֱҴ˺սĿռݡ
䣡
սĿռݱһӣսսʿˡ
ֻͷ֮Уռ飬һоǧɸߵľŲ㱦˺ѿռ䣬һطͺݺݵĺѹ˹ȥ
̧ͷǳǳ
˿ʧɫ⵽ʲôķȻսĿռݶܺ俪
һ̵̿ޱȣǳһȭ˳ȥЩ䵽ǳ棬ʧ
䣡
ǳҷ˳ȥֱӾҵѿһѪ
Ҳǳһѷ졣
ʲô
ʲôôģ
ô£ȥ˧

ǲսε˧֮ǰѾյеϢ
˿˺ѿռķǳء
ǳĺ棬˴ѧԺУ񣬴˿̵ռȻֻ񾳽Ϊȴһλߡ
˧
еЭ߰͵¿ڣƺ˵ǾͲܹܡ
λߣҲһ֡
ǲһѧԺūó׹˾ĶԹūó׹˾ܣǹʲô
ʲô
˾ͻȻɱսѵѧԺūó׹˾ˣ
Уūó׹˾ʲô˼
£Ӧúɣǲ˸ոյ£λһɾȥˣȻ
̫ˣո½һĻʵ𺳰ѧԺԺճ֣һնūó׹˾λƣ⻹㣬ūó׹˾ܲҲˡ˵ţĿ˿˵һλ߿÷ףԼ̵߻Ͱض
ͰضʱһЩ
ūó׹˾λָǣ澺ı˹˼һ¡
λЩֲˡ
µ˼˵ľλ
ǱΪū֮λʱ򻺻
ū֮

֮һ㲻ǿʵҲŵеȵ
ʱǵһѧԺȻȻնū֮һֻ֣˵ѧԺԺʵҪū֮֮ϡ
Ͱض˿ɫЩѿǺѧԺǳ޲ǳ֮ǰǻɵѧԺԺʵԽǿԽ
ֲ¸ոôǣԭǹ˵ġ
ԣǾͱ֣;ؿžСǲ˵ţӣһСʣһͰ׻ܰ⵱һӰ
С
񿴵һûնɱǳʩչǳĵͨ
ֻǳҫ۵ĹâһѵһֱȥǾ޴ĵգֻɢĵ˺ռ䡣
ʧɫͱ˿ĳȫһġ
ֻǳΪһѵֱӽ뵽磬һӾҪն
ȣң
ķ
Ļ䣬Ǳĳ˼Ϣ
Ҳоˣϲ죬ңֻҪǾңԺҼ壬ҿԸǵɶУֻҪһ
һ̵ȫǲһˡ
ʲôϣʲôӣԼСǰʲô
Ҫ
̲סǱӵ˹ֲô޷Ϊԭء
ǿԥһ£˹ϵĳˡ
һλ˺ѿռ䣬ץ˹ȥҪߡ
ˣʹˡ
˵ţһλն˹ȥ
䣡
ըѣ˱סˣǸλ߳ˡ

ƮʱҲˣƮҲһֻ֣͵ץסһߵ֡
Ҷϣ
ֻƮһͺȣߵƾȻѣǱ˷˲ҽ
ʱҲǷˡ
Ȼλ֣һĲݵӡ
񿴵һĻ֪ѧԺںսǲˣҪۿ˰ߣѧԺɾͶˡ
룬ŭȵ֣˵ĸλӲϵѧԺԺ٣ʱɱɱǡ
ܴ󣬽ս
ɱɱǣ
һǲһļٵģѧԺԺôĵӡ
񿴵ȵǲֶԸ壬˹涨֮Ϊͬɱǣ˶޻˵ûֵһһɱǣ
⻰һǲ˳Ĭˡ
ҪۿȷΥ˹涨
ǲҧҧҲǺˣѧԺԺΪ˻ɱһҶūó׹˾λ֣Щʲô
ɱǣǲܡ
ţֹǣ
ǲһȳ֡
ļλߣ̵λԥһ¶ǳˡ
ʮλͬʱ֣Ǳߵ󳷣ﻹҶ֡
Цˣǳն˹ȥֱп
صķ˺һ˲䣬Ѿ˾
˿̿ǳնһѪ˳ҾȻòġҺúڣúڡ
Ļû˵꣬ǳֱϣҳ˷顣

пһĻˣǰ˵
һλɾΪŭѧԺѧԺȻôĴ۶Ҫɱ
عֶǿ񣬳˾塣
񲻹һѣôؼʱ򣬾Ȼвһ񣬱ǳ֡
ǲһ񻺻ǰɣҼסˡ
λҲǿ˿񣬷׷뿪
αвȳ֣ҲǶˡ
ʦ
Ž˹֣ʾлɯ廹⣬ҪȥˣԺǱҲһȥҾˡ
˰֣·Сġ
ѧԺѧ񶼸вƮЦЦˣҶ˵ɱǡĻ˵ˣ˵˲ֹһΡ
ûжѧԺ
ѧԺ֪з飬ֻϵ֮⣬ȻѧԺѧԷĹӭӡ
ǲӭ񣬶ӭӰɯ


1907 ͱ𰢼ɯʦ̹ţ
ɯΪ˽ȫūѾ㹻ΰ
棬֪жȥȫūжģֻаɯ
ɯᱻǣЩūǡ
񣡡
ռ˲ֻһӰ˳
ѧԺѧӰЩ𾪣Ȼ׷
ˡ
һ£
˲Ǳˣ˪
ҴԺӭӰɯعѧԺԺͣɯΪȫūΪȻݣȴһڰ档װѧԺ˱־ԸѧԺվ谢ɯԺѧĿǰҲѧԺΨһһλѧԺѧ˪˵ţѧҲЩο
ѧԺѧһֱѧԺһ꼶ģѧԺģ⻹ǵһ
ѧԺģСѧÿʮŻһѧ֤һ㽱ѧŻһΣ˸вǧŻһˣڴѧ궼ûһˡ
ѧԺΪʲôҪ˼סɯ
˪˵ЩһѧԺˣôᰢɯˡ
ҵɯ֮Ҳβ֯ĳԱɽ
ͰɯһʱҪö࣬ѧԺҪᰢɯ鿪һС磬ֱӰѰɯ棬ҲѰɯͻĹ簲ᡣ룬ûһ룬ֱӱ⡣
ôᰢɯѧԺҲò⡣
ʵȴǻһ䣬š
뵽ɯ
ɯȻûʧЩʵʵ᳤˵ˣͰʬ峹𣬻ΪǺӣƮɢ档ܿһū۵ūȥػǡ
Ҷˡ
ããǿգҲǰɯõĹޡ
񽻴ɯһЩ飬ҪȥԼľѧԺ
ǰհɯǰ˼ȥ죬ҲǶ԰ɯء
ᡭ᳤أҲ񰢼ɯ᳤һôɯҪߣʹʵ
סʲô˼Ҫҵ
˿ɯԷΪӣƸûô࣬Ǻ档
ߣǰɯһԺԼˣҲѧԺˣôԼ
ûлر⣬ããǿգ˼
ԼĹô
˰죬Լ񰢼ɯԼҲΪӣ棬Ϊûʲôرִ
ΨһִĵطȻѧԺһĵط
Цˣɯһˣ͸ԺѧԺɽɡ벻Ҫ̫ѧԺֵܵʱǻɻңҲҪ˵۾ǻӣҲҪ˵壬ʴǵ
˵ţ˰뿪ˡ
ɯĬã˳羴
һºããǿ֮С
һӣɯ廯Ϊ˷ȥ
һ죬ǧβ֯ĳԱޣ
һ죬ȳūĹעһ
һ죬ʮѧΪɯС
һ죬ǹⶼƺӵˡ

û˰ɯ֮󣬿˿ΧѧԺѧˣǲûӰ
Ҧҡҡͷûп
ιѧԺѧ糤ѧԺĻ˵ܲ
û˵ʲôֻЩ֣˵ѧԺӣ˭ҪǸѧԺԲŹԷ
ǰɯˣѧԺӰôȴӰûУ˹֡
˿̣ľ½
Ҳפһūó׹˾Ķӹ˾˳ūūó׹˾
ūó׹˾Ĺģһ㲻ūūó׹˾СĲūŶ񼶱ĲūųǴﵽ˿ˡ
ūó׹˾ƿߣһλ̹ɣӡ
˿̵˳ūūó׹˾ܲѾһƬ
ضʬ壬⣬Ѫˮų̹ɣĿһˣη塣
㣬㵽ʲôˣΪʲôô
̹ɣŭҲŰ벽ΪǸҪǿ٣ȴǰλͬ񾳽˸ȫѹơ
̹ɣֻܿԼһȴΪ
ʲôˡҽôҽʵҲһλѧԺѧΪʲôôԭܼ򵥣ѧԺһλѧūó׹˾ɱˣĸգҼȻ޷ȥǾһūó׹˾Ķӹ˾С˵ţ󣬾ȻֳһþӰ
˿ɱ˳ūūó׹˾Ĳ࣬ɢȫա
ɯ
̹ɣ¶־֮ɫǸɱβ֯Ļ᳤
ѧԺѧɱ飬Ҳţ֪ūó׹˾ū֮ˡ
ڣΪɯȻҲܵǣ˭˵ȥ
ɣ
˵ţӲұɱ㣡
˵ţٴγ֡
ֱ֮˺գһκεĶȫɵ
ҿŰ벽Ϊ㲻ɱҡߣҿ˳ūó׹˾ԺҲūó׵⡣̹ɣʱҧҧסѾ¶˰ࡣ
ٺսȥˣһӣɱ˾вһ
ЩԱһˣȻȫɱˡ
ԮеϢȫΣսڳ˼СʱȻû֪˳ūūó׹˾顣
Ҳɱ㣿ΪǣɷӳɣԴԴ֮ɱ㲻ʱѣ㻹ܻ˵ţγɵһͨ˳ֻյ֮һϡ
γһֹϵɷǻಹ䡣
ӳɣֻҪնݣͿһֱǿսȥ
һСʱ̹ɣֱӱץɵ
һУѧԺķ򣬳Ĭá
ҲֻЩˡ
⿪˶˳ūūó׹˾ķҲ뿪ˡ
˷˳ūūó׹˾ĲҰʱľ½һƬȻ
ūó׹˾ܲ˶ɫϾ⵽˭ɵģȻһҶӹ˾ˡ
ȫһЦӣ˶Ѿµˣʮа˾źѧԺйأūó׹˾ȥѧԺ鷳ô

תʮȥ
ѧԺ棬˵оԽԽ£ѧǵĽҲԽԽ
ԽԽѧͻƵ˽
ĿǰûѧͻƵ߼ҪҲΪͻ̫ˡ
Ӧ񾳽硣
߼Ӧ硣
һδһͻƵ磬ͻжˡ
̹Ŵˡ
ϵͳ¶ϲɫ
ʮ갡
ϵͳʮ꣬ŴʵǸߴɰ˼൱񾳽硣
ǶʦȻǺڴġ
˼һ£صѧԺȻϵͳ̹ʦɣ
ϵͳû˵ʲôֻǰһ׹ȻһĿľ˳ˡ
߽ӽףźԵĻȫǳ޾һ
վƺ춼Ҫˡ
ǲ뵽̹ſٵصĴ˵˿ֳ棺̹ʦѧԺԺǣӭѧԺν̡ѧԺ϶Ƚܻӭˣкܶʦһʶһ¡
̹ųһ£ƺԵЩľګ
εҡҡͷ̹ŵԸˣ˵֪ڿεĻ᲻Ҳˡ
ѧĿγ̣оΪҲûʲôڿεĵطĲڿΣҲʲô¡
ǽѧԺԷ磬ʦ̹ʶ̹һӣ˭ǰ֪ʵ̹žȻ˸ô⡣
Ҳ޿κΡ
Ǽ̹֮ҵǣӣҵĸӣ
סԼҪô
룬̹Žܸ˽񳵺ԯý̹´һ񸫡

⸫ӿн㼶Աǰ̹Ÿá
Ŷ
̹ŵ˵ͷǿӣƺϿɡ
ԯˣΪ˴Ѹӣ˿һǧʱ䣬ĽΣȻô̹⡣
Ҿȴպá̹룬˵һóԯɥĻ
Һò״ı㻹պãôô
̹ſŸҪߣҪ뿪ѧԺķ򣬳ԯסˣ̲סɶȥ˴ܿɲУѧԺ
̹Żͷҡҡͷܣȥ졣
ԯˣ죬ﻹ㿪Ƿ˰ɡ


1908 Ҫ
ԯ㲻̹ţùԼ򵥵ļһ
Ըȥȥɣ
̹뿪һѧԺŮʦҵǡ
Ժǹܹ̹ŴɡԴһ뿪ѧԺͲͣЪĿ磬ΧϵһٶС档ŮЩɥҲȥ̵̹ʱ򣬲ŷ̹ڸɵ顣
ͣؿ磬һһ⵽ôġ
֮ҲЩЦá
һ꿪һٶС棬һҪһٶٶҲ̫˰ɡ
ˣ֪ˣȥ̹Ŵġ
˵ţӰһ뿪ѧԺŮҲȥ
ֻһ֮Уֳ̹־޸޵Ŀռնȥʱֿˮֿ澧ϵʼγɣǳʼγɡۿɼһСܻ
ǿľȣ̹ſصַ֮У̺̫
ǵǾãЩû̹λˡ
̹ʦϢһ¡
Ǵ̹ſľٶ̹ſǹˣ֪ǿԹģͣ
վһԣ˸ӡ
ǳǸӿȥõһڶˡ
⸫Ӷˡ
̾һҪǳԯԼһн㼶ȻӲıóӣѪ
Ů洸ǸҲЩ۵ûš
̹ͷȴЩ⸫ӲУŲ˳֣ԺҪܰҵĿ񸫸ңҿٶȻܿһ
Ƕʱ֪˵ʲôˣ㻹Ӳá
еþͲˡ
˵񸫣ȷʵһܲķӦ̹ŵı䡣
ֻϵͳ취ҪʱģץʱϵͳһЩѧʹãԸûʱ̹Űѿ񸫴
ڴǳ̹֮ϵͳڴ
һʮ˱컯ƣԹͨ컯֮
дʮʵ컷֡콣쵶ȡìͨšڡս츫¯͵צݡСͼסӡšɡ춦¡춵칳ǹ칭촸ǡۡʮ޷ɡ֮ʱ⻯Ϊʮض죬һһܣν޴ֻһͳɱȪۡ
Ƚǳ޼Ҳﵽ˸߽㼶
ϵͳĻҪꡣ
ǰǴ㽱ҦܵģҦ֮ⷨʵ䡣
֮⣬ϵͳڴһʥĹ߷乲ǧ˱ûдﲻĴڡ
⣬˱ߣǺɽ磬Ҳ߸
ǴȻǴġ
ɷ˹߷ʱá
߷ϵͳҲҪǧ꣬һӽʮꡣ
ʱҲоһҦܺноʱҲ˳ƽȥˡ
Ժʱˣһѿ񸫸㴴룬쿪񸫿϶ҲҪʱ䣬˵̹ʦôôִԴأ
ŮҲһ㴴ôСʲôã汾ԴαʱЩСȫҪٵ
̹ſԼ磬ԵЩԣΪʲôϲҸоԼҪ
ǶʱԶԣ⿪Ļƶӡ̹ŵĻˡ
ʦ㻹ôȰ
ȻǲȰˣһҪѾ⡣
Ǹ̹ʦȻ֣ܿҲԼĽѧ񰡡ɣһȥ͸㰲һЩѧǸѧϰ죬ʲôʱǽ̻ˣҾǺһ졣Ҫһٸѧһ죬һֻܴһٸС棬һܴһС棬һܴһڸ˵ţһ֧̹Űһ
̹ϸ㣬
ô˺Լһ죬ԼҲµˡ
صѧԺ֮ͨѧԺ˵̹ҪһŴĿγ̣ǸвǴѧѧԱת۾Ȼǧѧ
ȻǰЩѧŮ洣ŮЩѧȥ̹ſ졣
ŮǿˣЩѧȥѧϰģǲ̹ǿ֮չֳִ

󣬺ս
˫ֲ£սûУǾֲһЩսһֱڼ
սĳ
˵ôλӮˡԻеЭûǼһŹһУͱɱˡһ˵ĴԲӳ̾һ̫ǿˣɵһѾ޽ǳ׵Ӳӡ
ĻҲǰ̾
Ȼǿ󣬿ôǿֵز˴ţȻһ֮ڸնɱ
ɻս˵ֻҪһͬ񾳽ģ߲ܡ
ͬ޵а
˶߻˸ҳսô
˾ĳ
ǲΪ˧˿ҲЩͷۣ˫֣㲻ңҲҲͦã˭֪ھ徹ȻʹĹƣս壬նɱߵһЩǱ񡣴ɿʼѾʮλпܳɾˡ˼ûͣĴ㡣ҪǼȥСиűɱʧ̫ˡ
ǹô
㲻ϣս츳˳ַʽɱ˵š
͵ʱߺߵʲôսսҾͳֻɱǸɡ
ǻеЭźɱǱһӻ
úӮܸӣ˭֪һжûмͱɱˡ
Ҳڿţһ֣Ǿͻ֣ܸɱɵĻᡣǲҡҡͷʵڳֻɱɣһ㶼ųģкʵĻᣬ֣ʲôԴСΪս
зţҪɱģҪɱѿ֮С
ڣûĻᡣ
죬˵Τ֣ʱһɱ֡ʱ򻺻ڵΤ֣Ҳһ
Τ޹һλʥӡ
޹񾳽ʥʥŮ棬ڵڶʮλ
ţ涼ǶţеЭᱻɱĺΤ޷ȡ
˵ʥӳ֣һսˡǲһ
˽ɣھҲǰеģΤսʤɣӦûǺܴġ

ѧԺ֮С
Ʈڡ
Ҧܣȥˣ˿ǰˣԴҦսͼҦΣԺһҦܣһСıĸˡ
ΪʲôǱˣ˵ʵɱҦܿɲô׵ġ
ҦڨڨûȥģȥǱߴһ磬ɱʮλ񡣡
˵ţҦܰԼսչ˳֮󣬽˶
ʲôǱߴһ磬ʵǸıϢȻôʥı仯֮뵽Ǳߡ
˵ʵ̫ΣˣһˣǱɡ
ŽЩҪӣҦܼæλʦõģҵʮ֮ǵõԺ϶ģԺ˵ˣǰҸˣȻҲѷǼðġ
⻰Ҳǳ̾һ
ѧԺ棬׼ˣ˵ܴѧԺ
ѧԺ棬ķͨ˵ģҦܣȻҲԼķ֮Ϊ֮ˡ
ʮ䡢˾ƼǬɱЩҦȫѧһͨ
ˣȻȥɣԺҪôðա
ЩΣҦɼֺãֲѧҲ֪ôܽˡ

Ͽȡ
սϣԼսĵطӭԼĶʮʤ
Ͽ棬һΧ۵ˣһΧ۵ˣսûпʼѾۼˡ
Ͽȣ
ҦҲھ֪˭Ͽ֣Ȩô
Ȼһͱⳡ𺳵ˡ
ȥ˰
Ҧܿ˿ߣ֪Ϊ澺ˡ
澺˻ܻＸǱɡ
˼˼
ҦʱǼ鵽֮ǰս¼ԽԽȤأôŵôսôãǲҲһҵĵˡ
ϴһѷͷĽˡ
棬˭֪
Ҫ簡
һȣȡ
ʱൽˣʱֻ֮һɫԶϿȡ
䣡
Ͽ𵴣ʱ˿ˣء
Ǳ߿س
Ҧܿӣ΢ЦźսʿǴкȫһûҪɱӣһ̫װˣǷᰡ


1909 
ҦʱҲΧ˵˽
Ų˶ˣ˵޹񾳽ʥΤ֡
Τ
޹񾳽ʥڶʮߣӵǿվްʮλѪ
̫ˣӮˣڿüһˡ

ҦЩ˵ţֹꣿʲô⣬Ҫǳ֣ǻʲô顣ôõһοԳͷĻᣬѵҪŴǰߣ
˿ǸΤûӻͦġ
Τ޹ʥӣ
Ҧ뵽һˣѧԺСȡ
۾һתʼϵСȣСȣСȣôڵػ
һ֮ûлӦ
Ҧܲģһ飬Ȼ顣
ڣǱߵСЩͷˣ˻ӦҦܣɶ
ҦСȵٺһЦСȰҪôô˵Ҳ˺սҲͬѧʺһ㲻Ӧõô
С⻰һš
Ҧܶƾ쵽һļһ磬ûеʺһҡ
˵ɣʲô顣û£ҿɹˡ
СԵЩͷҦ׼û¡
СҪңҦܶʱˡ
Сȣ𰡣ⲻеô˵޹һλΤʥӣҪһս˵ôУǸҿˣ̫ˣΤԲǶ֡ΪΤİȫǣҽǾͱսˡ
Сס㶼ûмΤ֪Ƕ֣
ǰҵС˰ɡ
ҦܣΤʵǲģҪǳ֣㲻˵϶ӮɵİջеġСȶΤʵǺ˽ģллĺˣҪûб飬Ǿˡ
ҦЩ
Сȣѵҵ˼ô
ʲô˼
СôоҦܻлΤУѵҪ޹һˣҦҲĵ̫ˡ
漰ս飬͸ʲô
ҦܾСȵ̿϶⣬ɴֱԵСȣôţ۸ˣɱʮλ񾳽ţЩſɶϣΪģʵ̫˿ϧ̾ɺˡ˵ʱ˭ҪվʲôǾӢ۰
СЩҦܵ˼ˡ
飬뵱Ӣǰɡ
Ƿˣ
⻹ζϵѧԺĿǰںսսֶԺģ֮ǰǽʦ˵˧ѧԺںսʲô˶ǵĴˡԣʱҪѧԺѧվأѧԺںսٻ۷壬ҲܴѧԺ˵
Ҧϲ˼ǧֵĴСȶˡ
㲻ͷ˵ôߴϸɶ
˵ɣҸʲô
С̾˿ôһ˵ѧԺûκεֿء
Сȣ㻹޹ʥŮ
ٺ٣ǸΤӦûûйȥƹˣʱҾͿԷɧĳˡҦܰԼĿ˵˳ȫжô
СȶǾˣ̫Ҫˡ
Ҧܣ˵糤ֲ˵һֱ⣬ԭ
ô
ҦܺڴϾչʱˡ
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ʱ˿ߣЦѣʲôţһȺѡЩ壬ûȨȰֱӰ潻壬廹Ըһ·ʱǻһطǲڳ֡
⻰˶ߡ
ʲôһطǸǵ
̫ˡ
֮УΤ⻰ûзŭЩ˷֮ɫ˵ɣ˵Խ񶾣һһʱԽ˼סҵ֡Τһսĺûᣬҿǵһþˡ
ΤԽԽ
Ӵ棬˷ܰ
Τʦ֣
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ΤһСȣʱСʦãǸʵ̫ţȥɱΪ
˵ţԽӵĵ⡣
Сʱȴҡҡͷʦ֣ôȥأȥȥ
ΤһҪ㡣
СȻԼϼλʵʵ˵ѾԼˡ
СҪȥ˵ûʲôˡ
ΤСȣɫ˲ˣСȣǻúܣȻҳĺûᡣ
̫ˡ
ʦãۻ϶

ҵķͷ
Ϊʦֵİȫǰʦ֣ʦҪսˣʱٸʦñ𡣡
·
Ҿ·ˣ㲻ȥҲȥɡ

˵ţ˾Ȼսһ顣
ҦܿʱΤûҴҵĲˣʱԼˡ
ЩҪ
ɾʱһȴһֱӳ뵽Ͽ֮ڡ
ҪҦܣʱɵˣ̲סǵԲۣ쵰Ǵðġ
ߵ˿ɲЩ˳սʱ
Ҧܺ⻹ܱ˽ȵǵô
ˣȫˡ
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ʲôӵװǷСһ顣
ϣҲסˣ֪Τһս˵ʵΪһս˽˲ٹΤ֪ΤӵѪǿļֲ༶ʲôȱݡ
ڣΤûͻȻֵһˣʶ
ˣüͷʲôˣ
оԷϢǿӦʵ
ʱһΣϳһǼе·²أǼй沿ĸǼеҵƹ㹤Ǽҵ㣬ȫߣСǼаҵһбϣǼΪʽȫѡǼУѡδǼУֵ
ɵۣҾһʲôˣڽôࣿ
ֹأҲЩɵۡ
ǸʲôƹҵǼд棬Ҳ̫666˰ɡ
أҪһս
ʱһǷŭоԼܴܵ裬һȫû¡
ص˵ͷǵģһ֪Ǽй沿
оҪŭܱǼô
ģⱾúһսգȫˡ
ߣȴǰкԣɣص¡
˵ʲôǺȻɫһ䣺أȻϢصĺܺãûв´ĻӦһλɡ
ȻȻǵ˵ͷ
ǲĻ̫ˣ˿¶˱ӵĿ⡣
ʱǿѹסҪɱ˵ĳ嶯оؾϷˣģֻͬһսѵ֪ҵĹأ
ͷô
ܿȥ˶¶˱ӵĿ⡣
һô˼˼һһսģҪԳֵĻֵõ㡣
ʱǱѾŭ
ȥȥ
޳ܣ̫޳ˡ
Щ̫ҪˣһҪȫɱˡ

ػһ֪ӣԵúǲǲ˼ûи򡣲λ˵սʿǣսȡõһвƸһҪѡǼУΪǼС
ȥȥ
˵ˣ˵ˡ
ʲô⣬ôҪǼҲǳˡ
ǰ̫޳ˣڻǸǼд档

ڨڨ˳뿪ʱ˭ܿóܵ⡣
һģǹġ
ɫٵҲһأʵǿɺޣлһҪ޳ܵļһɱˡ
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ʱۿȥЩĲǷ׷׻ر
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˵ţҦӰһ˲һ㵽صĶ档
ҦܣظӦҦϢȷ񾳽ɣǸոյĲأ±˷ԼĹ򲻳ɣԾϢ
˭
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ⶼʲôţ˵ô׵ô
ŶҰѧԺѧ꼶ѧҦܣѧԺˣڻûдѧҵǲҦ˵ţܹ˹֣λӣŮģֻҪΪ⾳ģȥμѧԺѧˣһͨܳΪѧԺѧԺͷأڻ¡ȻλԸΪѧԺʦġ
ˣ
Ҫˣ̲סҲǰɡ
ûаҵ£ھս˺۷֮ս


1910 ͨ˽һ
Ҧܻͷ˿أôô
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˵ţҦչֳһɼǿϢ
̲סһ
Ϣǿ
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˵ţҦܿأȫûеµӡ
С
Ҵʱ䣿
ش˿ɫֱȸոյĴ滹֡
⼸仰ȫĨɱЩսΪһȡֵϷһ
ܹɱˣҦѾɱǧˡ
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ʱ˵սʿӦ
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ķ쿪ʼıݰѾ׼ùӱ׻ˡ

Ȼ֪˵壬̲סס
ֱ̫

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˵ţҦѧԺУ˸ɫĹâʮҫۡ
𣡡
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Ѹٺ˼ʮ֮⣬ԼǸ类նϵ
ҦܿȥֻҦܵһֻӰڶʲô治ϳײţǺܿȫƽϢ
Ҳע⵽һĻ˿̶ЩĪ
ʲô
ţȫǲţûпĻոλѧԺѧҦܣҲǻ˻ӶѣôͰصġһȭ硯ˣ

Ҷ٣ɱƭҡ
һҲɻˣʲô⣬ռ䷨
ҦǸⰡ±˰ɡ
ҪľЧ
ش˿ޱȽĿҦܣ׾ƽġһȭ硯Ѿ֪ҦܵĲ򵥡
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ͨѧԺеĶ
ӦǣȻ㻹ڱʲôط˵ͨôͨӦþѧԺһһĹֶΡ

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ͨǿ
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ɱ
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ʱɫ䣬оԼ֮Уһѷɽ֪ʱˡ

Ǿ壬嶼һСɣÿһСһ磬Сɽ뵽֮УϵشһСǻΪ촷ۡ


1911 Ҧܣܣ
ĿԼ廯Ϊӣǿ־塣
Ͽ־ҲûˣǰСɽ֮󣬺Ĵݻꡣ
أ
˵ɱֻһС
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˭ڿǰСɽǳ𾪣⵽ʲôȻ׾ٵĻ塣
̫ˣ
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Ӧ

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ǹǱ˦ģһһ˺Ŀռ䡣

ҦܸоΣգСɽǳǹӭȥ
ֻâڿײƬĿռ䶼Ǳˡ

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һץձץѣǹҲǱץɣʱ¶һӰ
ã
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ҦܿǲӣӲܣôУߺսܣȻ͵Ϯʵ̫޳ˡ˧ѵͲܲʣսʿô㣬һΪųСһﰡ˧ְ˵սʿĺ㲻ܵﰡ룬ңǲҪеսʿѵ˵棬ЩСʲôô
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ҦܣһοǻˣջҲСɣСȿҦܣҦܸоܲ
ûɶջ񣬸ûɶջˡҦܲŲϡ
װˣһ߾ʬ屻˰ɣңСȿɲֱ֪ӾҪ
Ҧܻ˵ʲôʱȴСۣϾĿ̲סһ
λСħŮ
磬ڨڨİѾʬ˳㲻˵ҲҪġ
СȺǺǣ㵱һš
Ҧܣҳ
Ȼһŭ
ҦһЩ֣˭
Сžʬ壬˿䲻ĵţ޹λΤʥӡ
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ҦܸоЩϤȵȣⲻǱλҪһսļһôôҵˡ
СʱٺһЦҲǰΤȥһսô˭֪Ųţ𣬸ε󻹴Ӯʱˣ޹񾳽ʥʥŮ棬ڶʮߣʮģӮˣͻһΣ˵ǲǺ˼
Ҧܶʱһľ
˵Τʧȥһγĺûᣬ޹˺üλ
ԹԵģһҪˡ
԰СȣΤոպҵְɣ
ҦʶЩԵĵطΤôңӦС˰Լô¡
Сʱ¶ħŮ΢ЦûɶҲûɶҾʵ˵֪һжģѾôΡţӦþΪʲô㣬ҾͲ֪ˡ
Ҧܶʱɫ䣬˵ͳ񱼡
ȻСȳˣ
ǷӦˣȻû뵽СȻһ֣βˡ
ΤҲҦˣʱ򿴵һӰԶӴܣʱ˵ˡ
Ҧܣܣ
˿ˣ쵰ҳĺûᣬСȶԸңҪÿ
һ׷һӣҦҲȥĵطפصϷ˵սʿע⵽֮еˡ
ǲˣһսҲˡ
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ʱֻҦܴΤٹˣǽ˧סܻ֪Һ˧ĹϵһսΪң˧ź忪սġң˧Źġ
ΤһŵĲǰˡ
ǲ˿ҪѪˣҦܾȻִٻǶӦô
˿Щãھ͵ΤҦܺûʲôϵҪǺʲôìܣֻҪѧԺҪǸ鷳㵣š
Τϲѡ
̫ˡ
ҦܶʱɥǲһǲеģС¡
ΤõɣҦܾ˹ȥ
ҦʱȴǺȻһһЩȥΪʲôҪܰСȲҵĶ֣ΤֲСȵĶ֣Τܴң
ˡǿ㣬򲻹ңҿôˡ
Ҧţ۾ԽԽ
Ȼ֮ж˽ֵӰ
ʮ֮ҦܿűڵصΤЦ㻹׷ҰңĹôУΪ˧Ǹ㵣ţҸ˧ǹģ֪ܲ㲻ҵĶ֣ͿˣֻҺúһѡ㵣ţҿˣڰʾңû£ҵŲŶԡҺ˧Ĺϵһ֪
Τ˿̵ˣǲסԹ
ȻǱˣĺòҡ


1912 İ취
ҦܿΤǲӣЩͬˡ
ˣɡ
Ҧܷſ˶ΤѹƣΤһĿվ
ҦܣԹ
ҲĻôôôҦЩΣ˵ʵҲǲʶô
Τҧҧ
ˣĵΪˣһҪ㰴ڵĦ
ҦܿΤ˼ߵ㻹뱨ǲǣȻ㲻ôˣҿɾͲˣһҪĹؽүүٺ٣ֱ¼ҪԺұңҾͷǼϣΪҲһ޴۵㡣
˵ţҦܾҪ֡
ΤҦȭͷŵһˣˣҲᱨġ
ҦܾܸɵóʱԼĹؽүүˣǲˡ
ȷƽ˵ɲɵ
ҲţһǷҵġ
ҦܾȭͷŵΤæˡ
Τ˿̻ˣŪȥ֣˵ģġ
ҷģ
ҡ
ǰɣȻĵģƭӡ
飡
Τ˳ȥѪܻĹǶ˳
Ҧܿ˿ԼȭͷˣʲôڹǣӲֲôôãûɶһ
Τƨɣٴվ
Ҧܣæ磬֣ҷģҿԷġ
Ҧĵ˵ͷ
Τ˰죬ͷЩεؿҦܡ
㿴ʲôİ
ôģûо鰡
ҦԶԣ˵ҦܴңԼҵģԺԲᱨԼŵŧͷϳΪҲܽһһ硭
Ҧ˵һǧ֣Τɵˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
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Ŷãõġ
Τҧҧ˵˵ѵӦ鲻ɡ
ҦܿΤģǾðȫˣȥΤһӵֵܣҾ֪һȵˡߣҸطúõغһȥ
Τ˿ҦܰԼϵ֣ĺ˵һ䣬ԣҪǲģܷŹң
Ⱦƣܲȥô
Ҧܼţ֪ĻΪ˹ϵãôˡ
ǲͷβһУıҦܵ޳ܴˣѧԺ̳Ķֻɫ
ڶ졣
ΤҦܺȵĶκˡ
ֵܣķͷǶԲסˡҦ˵ţָһ
Τ˰֣ˣˡֻǿϧˣδ޹Żأһһжˣһȥ֮϶Ҫ˳Ц
ûгԼ޹СȳԽˣʵ̫ˡ
쵽ڣյ˺üλʥӡġĴѶ
ҦܿΤյӣЦЦΤ㲻ôսף̫ˡ
ΤɵĿҦܡ
ᣬĻᣬôûп
ҦʱǶţֻܿս
ս
Τò˵ͷȻҲŻˣﻹеڶظɱ
Τ룬ŵҪȥսɱһЩ񣿡
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Τ룬ڻɱ֮ǰҦûгû˵Ҧܵ֡
ҲȷʵɱһЩôܳϾսϰʲô
ҦܿΤȫԼȥˣʱ§ΤļĳɱǲܳģҪɱɱУͷܳ
ҦܵĻΤһľƶһء
ɱǲʲôΪѣⲻô
˿Ҧܣ㵱ǰ׳ôʲô⣬赶ɱˣҸɱ˰ɡ
ҦܿΤǺµӣӵʲôǿɶţԽսŵı䣬㲻Ҫô˺òã
ˣ
Τ˵ˣ˲˵ôҦܣҪ˵ླ֮µʱԽսңǲླ֮ҳҲԽһףһ񾳽¡ϣԽ׾㲻ˡ
Ҧ֪ܲ񾳽ϣԽսѾǾˡ
ɱͻƵҲʹ˸߽㼶ǳҲǲ£˭Ҳκβ˭
ҦȻԼĴ㣬ЦЦ£˭˵ֻһˡҿ԰һɱһλʱ˵ɱģ㲻ͳˣҾҪսƷôǿ϶Ҳ֣רЩոͻƵ磬ѪҲôɹȻ˵аٷ֮һ٣ǰٷ֮߰ʮеġ
Τ̲ס˳ҦܣҲɵô͸оҦܼƻõġ
Ҧ֪Τֱ̹ԣǴѧԺСɱһȻһٳģ˭֪ɷôţɱǰˣƻҲòˡҲǿΪôԲԸƻ㣬һѵġҪú룬Ҫ㵨ûУȰ㻹޹ɣܲʺ㡣
ҦȷʵļƻֻոձСթһʣúС֣ʱɱսƷһƶҪ䵽С
ǺΤͲһˣһɵģʱԼսƷǲܡ
ţɵʵǸԩͷ
ҦܿΤӡ
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ΤҦܴ̼ˣ˭ˣɱһʱսƷ㣬ֵĳͣ˵Լɱġ
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һĿ꣬ʮĽũ¹ħһģѪһ㣬ҸոͻƵ粻ʮ꣬ӦúܺɱҦܻ˵ţʵѡĿ겻¹ħĿũΤڹ֮󣬷ǿ¹ħľһ㣬Ƚϴ󣬵ʱΤǰƣɱũͰպܴˡ
Τ˽ⲻ࣬ũѪȷʵһ㣬ѪԽǵͣ϶Խɱ
˵ũͻƵʱҲȽ϶̣ʮֻ꣬ǸոսѣΧɱũɹʾԺܸߡ
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Τҧҧв۵ģɱ˿ũ޹ЩЦˣͨͨɡ
ϾÿһʥʥŮɱ
޹ʷϣ񾳽ΪɱţҲ˶ѡ
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Ϊʲô
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ҵʲôˣҦܴӦ飬Ǿһ˵Ҿ˵仰Ƕ˸裬Ϊֲ˵飬پˡ
˵ţҦתˡ
룬Ǯ
λˣһһڲң൱һҡ
ôࣿ
Τɵˣôܡ
λߵʱ򣬰ǿصľȫˡ
Բۣ
ΤٴθоҦܵ޳ܣ龹Ȼɵó

ũ¹ħ¹ħ棬ڵʮģĿǰ¹ħ棬Ҳͳһλ񣬲ʮλ
ܳΪ˵ʵͦԺġ
һаʵ˵Ϊֱ֮ӾƿʮҲǴﵽ۷ˡ
ֻʵϣҲܱߣΪʵ£ֱȽϧûʲô󹦣ȫ
ҵҲҸոͻƵ磬ɱһ˵ⲻȥôũֹţԼ棬ݺݱһЩԼˡ
񽢼нȻǰռ˲
ô£
ũ񽢣濴ȥֻԼǰһˡ
ȻΤ˿Χüǵˣĵ˰ɣΤΤ㻹޹ʥӣⷽҲ̫˰ɡ
˵ţΤҪ˺ѿռ뿪
ũһ˵񣿻޹λʥΤ֮ǰҪؾսģ˵ĲҲ̫ˣһ·ˣɲɵܵҵǰҪɱ϶Ǵ󹦰
ũޱȣȻǾġ
һλ޹ʥӣֵɲһλļֵ͡
ؼΤֻ񾳽ΪǸոͻƣɱһλʥӻֵ
̫ˣ
ũǱ˹Ƶ壬Ϊһλ޹ʥӵնⲻɷô
ţ׷ȥɲ⵽ֵķˡ


1913 
˴ռ䣬һǰһں
תۣѾؿռ䡣
Τʱװշֺ׷ӣ׷ңұˡ
ũΤֵ̿ӣ⡣
ڲ֪㱻ˣˣҵĹͿɾȫˡ
䣡
ũһȭˣΤоΣգ˳
һȭǴĽʵʵֱΤһѪ˳
Τܵĸˡ
ũЩ𾪣޹ʥôȻҵһȻֻһѪ
ũӼΤԽɱΤ֮󣬹ͲԽ
һս֮ũҲҪˡ
һ·׷ȥǶ̶һʱ䣬ũȭȭΤϡ
ΤѾп಻ǷһֱôҪ
ڣǰҦܲĵطˡ
Ҧܣˡ
ΤȻһͷһЩĿռ䡣
Τȥ֮ͿҦܣ˿̵ҦһţЦеĸһޡ
ҦΤѪˡ
û˼ڿΤѸٵĵ˿ռһߣҦһһ׼͵Ϯũ
棬ũûκͣ٣͸˽
ҲʱһСɽֱüĶСɽһеϢƺҪ궼ݻ٣ʧɫ

뵽ʲôޱȻ̿֡
Ӧܿ죬ԴѸٵһŤܿҪ
㿪ˣûϵ
ҦЦָڶСɽȻſũļ뵽壬Ȼֱũȥ
ũɵˣʲôɽȻֱ
䣡
ũֻоԼʲôݺݵײһ£ʶͿСɽѾ뵽֮С
Σգ
ũо˾޴ΣɽһӣǽֻҪӣܰƻ
֮Դ٣ˡ
κεԥũ߶ԼСɽס
˭֪ܵСɽһΪǧ˷ʼдģƻ
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֮УһСɽũסǿũ֪ԼܲãڱΤƻϾҪױ
һû֮أʱҲǱɡ
Ҳ̫Ӳˡ
Τ۵ĹǺѾӳȥȭǾȻûдƿũ塣
ˣ
Ȼûôɱ
ͣʲô壬ǣƲˡҦʱѾĻͣЪϢôѾݻ˳70̵ľʹ
֪вУҲ۰Τ֣Ȼô޼ɵĴһˬÿһȭȫһ۲Ź֡
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Τһ֮Ǹ߰ɵʯŵѸٺˡ
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ʯ˿ũϣũոջع˿ȴǷԼһ֮£Ѹٱ
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ΤҲ֪ڸϹǸϽȥΪ

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֮γɵһͨɽκ֮䣬ʱգƿڻ£˵ǿɱСɷѧԺһλʦ˵֮е˶ѧԺɲԼôҾ͸֣ڽ񷨽ϴһɱõľ񷨽Ҧܽ鲻Τ˵һ񷨽
Τʿˮɱкӡ
ǻԼҪǱҦܵ񷨽ͻ뵽֮УǱɡ
ˣ㲻ҪôϽȥһսҦܴߴΤϽҲðսƷһ¡
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ũɱˣɱľȻֻ޹һλ񾳽ʥӡũǷһһŭ屾ԽսڵãһλȻ˵һԽɱˣֱҦɱػҪɺޡ
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ΤʥӣԽսɱһλľš
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ΤЩô죬ֻǫҲûôҪǸũһ̫ǿ̫ˡ
׷׵ͷΤôũԷɲǲһ
Τˣ׻ˡ
˶֪սһλɱ

һ֮ΤҦ졣
ϴλɱΤջôΤʵ
Ҧһʲô˼ѵսƷֵȥô˻ɱũõĹѫ൱ʮңũԼļҵ׶ֵһٸҡ
ʵȻ
Ҧܴ˿ũսƷһһʮңټϻɱũĹѫʮңһջߴһٰʮҡ
ջ׬ˡ
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ңҦֻΪԼˡ
ңôˣΤ֣ܶô
ȵȣҴ绰ҦԶ֮ͨѧԺԺʦĵ绰ιʦôһ£ںսԽսɱһѧԺܸʲôʲôļٵģȻˣɱʲôпũ¹ħģ˵֤ݣҡ
Ҧ룬ë֤ݡ
ҦܣũһλΤ޹ʥɱġ˵ţжͨ
ǺǡҦܿЦãΤ˿̶ɫˡ


1914 ѡĿ
ǸΤ˵Ҫûңɱ˿ũԣҵԴǲҪһ㣿Ҧ֪ܵ˵
ѧԺǾʹΤŪ㡣
Ҧܣ֮ǰЭûΤޣ֪ͲŪˡ
ûҲУҵ㣬ľҲҵһ룬Ȼﲻƽ⡣Ҧܺ޺޵Ū˲ҵԴΤǺã޹ֱӾͽҵԴ
ΤҦЩµġ
ˣʲô飿Ҧ룬ʵ
Τ뵽ʲôɫͱˣҿԷָʮңָһҵԴҪӦһ飬ô
һҵԴ
Ҧʿˮôˬô
˵ʲô飬ĻһӦҦʱﻹ˵һֵðκεķա
Ҳʲô£ǣǰһɱһΤЩ˼˵
ҦֻԼˡ
ɱһλΤİԼɱˣ
Ҧ룬²µԭ򣬲ϴѾһǱ߿϶зˣɱһƲô׵ģϴɱĿũģôСɱ
ǿһҰ
ҵһѣеţֽҲΤʱ
ҦܶʱһеģҲǮ
ԷӦҲһλ
ô³֮սƷġΤԼҪУȻ˵Ҧܸܡ
ǿԣ³֮λõĻе影ҪɡҦ룬ǳ˿ҪΤôܸһҵķֳɣֱ˵ãʱɡ
ΤȻ֪㲻ʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ȥǸ˵ҪǴӦǾȥɱһ֤һٳҦҲ֪Τ޷ΤϽȥѾѵҽˡ
áΤ룬ҦܼȻ϶ôˣҦܻɱȻҪóѪ׼
ΤҪߣҦ뵽ʲôأѳ֣
ΤЦЦǵǣһһеרΪݣҲ֪ģеⷽģҴۡ

ӵеݣ۵ĳɴҦһ̶±ˡ

ǸҦܻ˵ʲôΤѾವһˡ
ҦܾԼˣһһе˵ҲҪֵǧңۣǾٿʡİҡ
תˣΤ涼ܴﵽİҡ
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񾳽ʱҪǾӵһҶĻеɴֱǵ21͵ʱӵܳһݵ
Ȼǲ˵ֻҪ㣬ȫԿ
е壬Χش
Τڽĵȴţܿһе׵˹
ôôѯʵԵЩޱȣΤڶˣҲĽ
ˣֻ˵ǳһ롣ʵҦǾܾģΪ㣬ҲͲˣŴӦ˵ʱΤһܲӣת۾ǵ㿴ܲٸҴۣôǼԼķɴ˾Լġ
˵ˣ۾ۣⱾɰɡЩν˵Ҧܵ״ûӦ
Ӧˣɱ֮ҪýɡΤ˵ţһѾ˵ӡ
ɣĬˣΪʲôôɱһһȷҲΤһһҲΪ֪Լնɱһ֮ĽͻޱȷҪָҦɣҲ᲻ð
̫ˣ
ԥΤ˵Ҧܰæһܻɱ
˵ʵЩɣʱʧˣԼҲȥˡ
ΤʱͲˣߵ㻳ҲɣҦʲôʵҿǼʶġɱũʱ񷨽ವĳ˿ũĿũûл֮ųûɱ˿ũȻɱ˿ũʲôʵ㻹֪
ʵũɱҦܲɵģΤɲϡ
ɱģҶɱģ˭ʶ
ҧҧǺãɾɣҦܰҰƯ㡣
Τһ֪ˣﰵ

ͬˣҦܵõϢʱҲЩսƷȫңõĽɻңĪǷ˲ɡ
룬ȻЩ˼飬ȴҲ⡣
ϾΤҲãҲãȥնɱһλǲܵ顣
ԽնɱЩǰҲò
ڣȻָҦһЩȴõ˸࣬ǻܳûԺδزܽŪԴ
նɱǼٵģʵû֮еôҪҪţΪ
Խ׻ɱţǾţƣ˶ѡ
ôһԴ׬ǻеЭţǻе³ĵһ˳λ̳ˣʱеЭ³嶼нгɣԱϴɱ˿ũ׬ĶࡣΤ˵ţЩĽˡ
ҦȻ˫ݽ֮ǰû뵽
æһ³Ҧܶɵˣ⾹Ȼǻе֮һȫķ֮һ񽢶ģҲǼ죬еģ£ȫġ
Ȼһ
ҲֲŵΤۣԭҵĶ

Ҧţֲõ뷨ˡ
˶Ҫô죬ȻҪ
һҪɱȻгһƻʱҰѸԼǺϼһ¾ͿжˡΤȻȥΪɱҦܲǹؼһǶֻҪҦܰžˡ
ʵؼľҦʩչ񷨽ǣסԷȻȥˡ
Ҧܵ˵ͷΪô˵ĳͣѣҲҪӭѶϡ
ºҦʽ˸
ȺֵܴļһҦܼǲ˼ǵϻȱҼô
һԡ
ȿȣЦƻѾ׼ˣȥһû˵ĵط˵Ҧ˵ţ˴ռһƬ֮ء
ΤһԣһĿҦܣ˵ʵҦܵĵһۣǲҦɱ
ҦҲ˶Է˼Ϊ⣬ʼԼļƻҴɱţħİͳգԭҪĸһǰͳţħ壬棬ѪǿҲͱ¹ħǿôһ㡣ڶǰͳȻѾͻƵǧ꣬ǰˣʵǱ֮ǰĿũǿ㣬Ҳǿޡǰͳյ˺ս˧ǰ䵽˱Եشפأ֡ĸǰͳԸ꣬˵˾ıԼƫƫܴĺܡ
ϸţҦ˵еѡ󣬼ıϡ
ãͳˣؼôɱΤ˼֪ѶԷճԲôףǱ˿ũ֮ǰ϶Щ˾ʾ
Ҧʱ¶һЦݣǲȥͳԼǵ֮С
Τ͸סЩԡ
ʱҦгһͼһ֮ͨصĵͼǿ֮һϿͣ˵֪ʶӵĪܣ൱һ߽㼶δյδ
Τ͸ɵۣǶ֪ҦҪʲôˣ
ǲˡ
˵ͳյõͼô죿ȥյͼָѰĴУñǵʲôûпҦЦЦңûʲôҲҪȥ
˶ǺģҦ˵˾ðͳհͳյĺġ
ĴУǵǺܿհͳչȥͳձϾͼƭ΢һӦƾ֪ͼָĵطڡ룬ǿߣеġ
ΤҲҦЩ̫뵱Ȼˡ
᲻ڣΪͼָĵطĴ֮أѾѧԺһλѧõ˶ѡ⣬ΪðͳͼģһѧԺλʦͼ٣ֻҪ񣬸һ壬ֻΪµָȻһѵͼΪݣðͳһӾ͵õӲỳ⡣Ҧ˵ʱ򣬸Τ±ˡ
һĺô
λѧԺæͼ٣ͼΪݣ֮Ҳģ
ʱͳΪԼǵõˣʵĵ·ϲ񱼡


1915 ƻִ
ϸ˿ͼп˿ҦܣòƻС
ãͰ˵İ죬³֮ٲĺôһӸ£ʮְӡ
Ҧ˵ʲôҵķϣ˻ô
һУȫҦܰš
ҪʵƻҪʱ䣬ҦѾǰ͸˵ˡ

սԵشͳһ棬ľ񽢣ǰͳֱӰռһΪԼס
䵽˽սıԵشפأսĻ٣ܻõսҲű١
ǰͳˣһЩԴָġ
Ĳֵ¶һΪһ㸶ۡ˲ֵ¶ֵ¶ںս˧֡
ͳҲǹ񫣬ͻƵľ磬ʲôǿķʲôǿȻֵܲ¶ܡ
ֵ¶ӵĽѪԱȵġ
֮󣬴ڵĳ˼⣬Ȼ˿ԼĿռָĴü
̫ˣܻȡԴĶȫˡ
峤
ʱһ
ͳ۾һ˳ȥһʱջô
ǰһţħսʿĵȽѾĽ
Ҳ˵ӵ񾳽Ϊ
ʱ򹧹ĵһռָµľʱ˽սɻսƷˡ
ͳսӹſռָ濴ȥֻĶѻɽ
վһԣҲҿڣɰͳڰЩսƷ
ʵͳ͵©һЩɻսƷЩսƷдԴԼָơ
ͳյʶǿЩսƷɨ֮£Щмֵģһ۾ܿ
Ȼһֵħ⡣
ħƽ棬һһǵʶɨħ棬ȴǸоһ޵Ϣ
ѵǱ
ͳҲ֪սϣɻսƷ棬ʱֲ֪ı©
óħ˿㿴ʲôֵģ
˰죬ҡҡͷⲻһͨķֵҲ
ͳû˵ʲôˣ漫޵ϢҲֻܸӦ񾳽ĸӦ
ħȻִȡһЩսƷʮ֮һɡ
ģһָΪҲĹ͡ʱһȫͻƵ磬ҳΪţħʮλͳŲļֻ˭ᣬ֪ͳֻںֵʮּðŷհ͵©սƷΪ
˲ͳٴóħ
ϸо֣ħϵϢһضĹħתɫͬħλòͬת·Ҳͬ
תħ¼ħƶ·ߣתµʱȥ
ֱһ죬ħƶһλãǹϢȻһħķ뵽ħ֮С
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ͳմϲѣʲôﻹʲôַģµĲʣĶ
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û֮еıħһͼҲԣӦ˵ֻ֮һŵͼϸͼλã֮С
ͼ·ߣָһط
طʲôѵһУǱأ
ǣ˵ʵͳոֻ֪Ϊһûʲôͼ
룬ȰѵͼǵʱȥħͼȻڳһƶ
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ͳɵˣͼƶķʲôòʣµͼλðɡ
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̯һӣ˿ͳգֶԷһλȴûκεη壺ҪĻһĽױԴ
ͳĿɿڴ
ҪҲ̫˰ɡ
ģʲôֵǮͳռֱҪˡ
ĽױԴҲһ
ոչ¶һϢ⵹ãԷǰǮˡ
㰮ͳա
һǲ̫ˣҿôթңԺ鷳ͳ˵ţѾЩвζˡ
һҪĶ㻹ҶթңˣҶǿ
ͳտӣȫɫơ
թ㣬ӹԲû㻻˵鷳ԣ֪˭ôս˧֪ɣҸ鷳ʱԲ˶ߡŭһ㶼°ͳգвͳ
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ӿͳն˵ˣߵҲʵ˵ⶫʵҲҵģҸġռһֱı֮УҲ֪ʲôǰ˹ҵıѡһҼħ־ѡˣҷָƽⲻħܣŴ֡ȻҲ֪ħʲôôܱҸսĶ϶ֵơ
ͳ⻰һ
⾹Ȼǲֵ¶Ķֵ¶ѵûзħܣʲôԭ
ֵ¶û뵽ħĶ̫ˡϴңҷ˱ԵشгЦң˵ıεҪ㿴ô©һԵġͳа
Ϊħǰһǲֵ¶˲һֱĿС
Լܽ⿪ħܣõ˱أ׵Ĵ˲ֵ¶
֤ԼȲֵ¶ǿ
ãһĽױԴǰɣҸ㻻ͳҧҧԼΨһһĽױԴ˳ֻһɫĴӣ̻ǳһЩͼڡ
һ۾Ϳˣһñ
׬ˣ
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ڰͳ뿪֮ҲѸ뿪ȴֱ˵ĵ̶ȥ˵ĵ̱߽ʱҡһ䣬һˡ
Ҧܡ
ñϽˣ֪ⱦʹ˵еĶΡ
Ҧܺٺһ£Ƶƻô򵥡
ȾҪեɰͳգͳһĽױԴʱˣȰⷨƭߣȻֵʱͳմһã˭֪ʱ򶥲ס

ͳջ֪Щȥ֮֮ǰķֻ˰ʱ䣬Ŵħ
Ȼħı棬Ҳһͼ
ͼĽӦǵһͼǵڶҲ˵ȱһͼ
⣬ˣԭڶͼûָȥͼ
ֲڲֵ¶ûа취ȥѰĵͼڣħűŽ˱֮Сͳе⣬עҪõصˡ
ǵͼˣʱһеŶܽ⿪ˡ
ͳոţȲİָȥˣͼЩˣ־Ȼ֮С
ҧҧǾǱȥѰҵͼ
ѾһͣҲͣˡ
֮һİ򣬶ｫҪһ͵ĸ߽ᣬһƷȻҪҵĵħ
⡭
ͳռѣԽԽӽˡ
ǿңΪһ汩¶ݣǱɡ
ֻܲķʽħ
ͳҧҧῪʼ֮ǰԼĶˣ˳˽ҡ
ΪõһϢħм˶ˣ۸ܴܿﵽҡ
ܿ죬Ϳʼˡ
ļ۲һң˺ܿӼ۵ʮңļӼۣ˲ϵؼӼۡ
֣Ҫ˶ħۣһڰʮҵʱˣһһʮҵʱˡ
Զʮҵļ۸񣬲ĵħ
Ҳȫˣ滹˽һʮҡ
֮뿪ˡ
һҦܣ˿ԱߵĸΤ͵Ȼħ˶ʮңЩǮҵģϾħѧԺλʦģ϶ҪѲС֮ʣµʵѾ޼
ȫνǶʮң˭ں
ΤƲƲ죬Ѿ˽Ҧܣ˵ǸѧԺʦѣ϶ǶĿڴ
ȿȣƻܳɹͳĶ죬Ҳˣս϶ǰǿȥ׼ԲˡҦ˵ţѾͨ졣
ҲҪˣ


1916 
뿪ֱ֮۴ķȥ
۴ĭĵ̣Ȼ۴֮зɱͳա
ڵͼ棬Ҧܾ˼٣ͨ۴֮ǰһҪĻ磬ĵط
õط
ߵ磬ֻһֻҪͳսǶסĳڣĥҲĥͳա
ΤҲһεļƻϴɱũʱˡ
ʼ׼ɡ
Ҧܵ˵ţϾһ죬˭ҲûԽɱⲻϴεľḻˡ
ʵҦҪ׼Ĳֻ࣬ǲһ󷨣εսԷ˲쳣
ΤûʲôҪ׼ģǱ͵ģҦǣס˰ͳգ͸һ¸԰ͳսһʹߵƶȥˡλǱһκõ㣬ϴοûһ˫ĽױԴȭס
һ˫ȭףҦܿ˿Լֵơ
֮⣬Ҳ׼Ķ֮˶Ǿˡ
ֻȻóһе嶥սÿһսаﳤب֮Уһޡ

ΤʿˮζһȻ־óÿһҶ⼶ġ
ԹƵĻһͼֵһǧҡ
ҵĻǾǽӽǧҡ
ǶǮһˣ
ˣֻһҵģҽġѾҦǣס˰ͳգҿʱ죬ͻͬʱͳտڣһ˵ţȻ˾ĵ׼
ֽڣĿǰ֮ǿһֿƼˣԴݻĽ塣
壬Ľס
ڶеĻȫʢʱڵһҲش
Ǿ͸ˡҦ룬֪ؼĻΪ˱֤ܰٷ֮һٵУ볹ǣסͳգܵĻᡣ
û˵ʲôҲ֪Ҧܲǹؼ
ֲһЩϢݵĻе豸Щ豸ҦܺΤ׼ҲУֻûиĸ߼ˡ
ĻͳյʱԮϢݲȥ֮ǰɱũʱҲôġ
׼֮
ʱĹȥתǰꡣ
Ҧһ£ͳӦѾȫƽħܣŵͼҹ
ʵҲˣԶ֮⣬ͳ׼ˡ
˿̵İͳЩƽħܣõȫĵͼͼָĵطضһء
Ǳأ˭ܰѶس
Ҳͳգʵõħеܡ

ˣŵͼһĿռ磬ֱ۴ķȥ
ĵڴԼΪĻᡣ
֪ʵԼĵ·һ·񱼡

ڣһ֮󣬰ͳҦ˲Ļ֮⡣
˿ͼǰҪȥĵطˡ
Ҧܴ˿ѾоʲôˣǰͳյϢڶħʱ򣬾ͼסϢһʱΤ㸺עҳûͻڸ͵ǣסݺݵرУ˶ĵͼƬȥ˲š
ʱ˷ۣҪѡ
Τû˵ǿԿƽ³֮һ͵ˣ̡
Τֿ˿ҦܣҲЩ֣ԼôʶҦ֮󣬵ԽԽˡϴɱũʱе㺦µӣȴֻм˷ܡָоƨɱ¡
ǽţǼʱһӰ뵽硣
ҲʱΤˡ
ΪͳյĿ꣬ȻҪȶ֣ðͳհעŵϡ
ͳոս磬ûиô£ͿһӰɱ
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ͳֻһڹƵײоڹһﲻΪŭɶ
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ΤǰͳյĶ֣һȭ棬󲿷ֵĹ
ΤǱɳȥ˼ʮ
նһؿӣԶԶĿȥİӿһڰ֮һ
ߣԲ͵Ϯҡ
ͳЦǾʱоһ޴Σ
ΣԴ
ֻͨһСɽֱһһݺݵײ档
ɽֱľϵۿžҪ뵽֮С
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ˣ
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ʧɫԴ崻һʱҦܵķɽٴγײֱӾͽ뵽֮С
ͳշӦʱҦܵķɽѾ֮һΪǧʼƻ
ҵķҵķ
ͳ˹㡭ħǸ㣬ңһоȻһƭ֣
ҦܺǺǣڲô
ʱúͰͳսŸΤǴŸʲô촸
һﻹҵ飬Ͷ֡
ͳմ˿ѾϾ˼ΤˣΪˣвˣ
ϾȥҦܵСɽũһ޶
϶ҪʱģҦܶĵľСɽȫʱ򣬰ͳյҲ˴ˡ
˿̼ޱȣôô֮ǰ붼飺Τ㵽һȥɱͱˡ
Τ֪˵ʲôˣҲ񫰡
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ʱҲҵ飬һڶ˰׹⡣
ʱҦܺΤѸ˵һߣڵ޴ޱȣǿ̫Ļܻܿᱻˡ

ͳҲһĻʲôҪ
Ѿ81ҪٱУֱӾܴﵽ100
ߣʱ֮УЩСɽȻˣܵӰ죬һ˲߶κε
Ҳʱͬʱ˹
ֻоźײϣȻ̶ȴ81˲ʹﵽ100
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Ҧʱعһоգ˰ͳյӣȻո޷ǽɱĿܾˡ
Ҳҿ֮ǰѰͳյӱƭˣȻͳӶԸο϶ˡ
˵ͷɱûա
ٺ٣˵ˣǿȥڸʱ䡣ΤЩȸУγˣɱ˴Ӧҵ顣
ۡĸָͷ
Τһĸָͷʲô˼в
˽ҵ飬غս
ڻɱͳյսƷ˵ʵͳյĶͱҦܿˣҦܶȥҰͳյĿռָˡ

ˣҦܿ˿Τֿ˿ǰںսϵפء
о飬Τʱ˳ȥȻѧҦϴεӣһһߴӻɱͳգ޵У
Τźʮ飬޴
פأսʿǾˡ
޵У
սʿǸźŶþȻɱһλһǶܵ˹衣
פأ±Ƶġ
ӣеǸɱ
ϴΤǸԽ׻ɱôɱô
еЭ棬ͳ˧͵ҲЩ±ƣȴ뵽ʲôŴӻɱͳգ޵У
ô
һһȣðɣǱ߶ˡ
˿̻һ±ƣɱˣɶʱ飿

ܿ죬ڸɱͼƬʹǼ棬ʱҲûκ˻ˡ
ĻɱһλҲˡ


1917 нӸִɱҵ
һ£ޱҸġ
ˣ˵ĳݣָо̫ˡ
ºҦܡΤ͸˲پ۵һ飬һ¹顣
ĸоˬˬ
ΤŸӣ顣
ɱʱǶʱˬˣоѾﵽ۷塣
̫ˬˣǰЩ۸ҵġҵġҵġЦҵģȫһҶҪ˱ᡣң񾳽ͻƵ磬ֱӾ񡣡ʮŵ˵š
ҦһԶˣƮ̫ˡ
ɱôɱô
ΤͬУڸԵ֮У̫ľ֣񾳽ΪɱһӾ൱ڳԽˡ
һɼõѧȻ˵һϮ㷭ˡ
ȿȣǻ˵һ֮ǰ˵õ顣Τ㲻ҪһôҦܲٿ˼װȥˡ
ΤһЩ
ǿԼ˼ĺĶԺݣԼҲˡ
ϾĿǰ棬ʮδһӵле
ʱҲϻӦȻҪϣģѾźˡǻеΪ䡢͸Ƚףһļ۸һǧңҪһǧңҪһǧң֣
ΤǺ˽ġ
䡢͸䣬˵ĻڣʵҲװͬúܡ
Ҳһҵ㹻ˡ
ľУڶԼװҪǼڣڵ䡢͸϶СҲ޷ԿҪҲûɶáΤЦЦɲɵỨԩͷϸ䡣
˵ͷ˵ĲܶԿʵôǾϵġ֮ǰ˵õĴ۾ң
Τϲѡ
൱ڰ͸ֵʮҵԴ
ҦһĻ㱣ôǵʱͼ͵˼뵽һ⣺һҼֵǧҵȥԺ󲻻ʲô鷳ɣ
ҵʧڸļҲһС֡
ʱЦˣǷģҼȻǾгɡ磬ϸǸдƷ˿ϧԾͽˡ
Ҧ󣬶ʱ
Τ֪ܴ׵Ҳûѹʱһ˸
УھͰѺͬǩˣ˾Ҳһӣó˺ͬ
Ȼ˵˺İѺͬǩˣΤֱӾ͸Ǯ
ϴΤõ޹ҵԴȻҦթһҵģԼҲеҵףһܸġ
һΣΤļҵҲܹˡ
ҦܣҴӦˡ˵ҰԼںͻеЭõԴɣеΣеЭάҵһ϶ܸ㿴ҵļǱ߽һ㼶ķҲɸ㡣˵˵ʱҦܶʱɵˣɶ˼ѵɶˡ
ΤҲǿŸ֪ҦܵĸԣҪˣԺҦܿ϶ûˡ
˵ʵΤҦ˺ܲҪΪ㶫ʧȥҦѣʱ϶ڡ
Τ񣬺ߵ㿴ʲôҵʲôˡȻͷָܷҦܣҴӦͲˡԼһ£һֵ൱ңһ㼶൱ǧңۼƾǧңɵĻ߰ʮҡҦܣھת˸㣬ô
Ҧܴ˿̶ɵˣ߰ʮң
ô࣡
ӰͳŪӣԼʮҵãε׵ĳһǧҡ
׬ˣεԶϴλɱũʱ
ҦܿŸЩȻ
ҦܣôˣתôЩҦôЩеĻһҦܸòðɡ
̲סģź˼
ıҦŵˡ
Τ˿ֻоԴЩ˵ģҦܾȻŪ߰ʮңҲ̫ˡ
ҦܻعʱЦĺܲã߰ʮңʵ֮㿴ǻеľսˣǶҲֵǮ͸ոΤ˵ʲôҲһҾСǮǮģˣ˸顣
ɵˣ˼Ҫ߰ʮһһǧҵ
֮ٶһʰ
ΤҲĿɿڴЭɱ˰ͳգ͸аˣҪһ۵ļ۸
ҦܵãȻۣҲ̫˰ɡ
֪ôˣǿ԰ΤһǲдƷΤǻеսôĲдƷ
ȥһʵѾðһķˣҪȥңʱ˵
ǿҦڴ񣬸ҧҧãΤһҸŪһҵ

ĸ֮
һе˺ս
ҦܺΤһһң˿̿ﳤ˶Ǽޱȡ
ҦܣģҵġΤȾһңҦû˵ʲôҶһʲôġ
˸Եݰ󶨡
һ󶨣ˣҲԻٳ򣬸ᱻ˽ɻ
Ҧܣʲô֣Τ
ͳƣһҲһԼר֣Ͼרݡ
Ҳġ
ţ
ҦڵȻҪԼݡ
ŶţôΤѯ˰֣֮ӵѪǿվޣӵѪ˻ǲٵģȻΪš
ţ
Ҧܵ˵ͷʵһֶѣʲô
ΤҦϿ֣ʱãԼ־ʽ
Ҧܣ񾳽磬ȴûеǲǺˬΤȻ
Ҧܻ˵ʲôⲻǷϻô
ѧԺѧ棬ӵȼݵҲһ
ΤʱٺһЦǻʲôҪΧפתʮȦһȦ
ҦܶʱЦã㲻ҪŪһԼһûеĳսô
Τһɳ죬Ҧܻ˵ʲôȵңô찡
һΪĸоĳȣ˫ʲô˼һ𣡡
Ǿˣֻ˵פϿգΧפһȦһȦ˵˶Ǿˡ
ң
Ŀǰսһٶλ棬ҲͲʮӵɡ
ǲһͷۣҫɣһǵġ
ҲսôͳĻɫ

֮
֪ô£ҦǻɱĻͱȥˣȻֻ˽µģǵ֪Ϣ˻ǲٵġ
ΤæҦܺæҲæ
͵͵־ۼһ飬ΤһǵöҴҵôɱũġ
ΣҲһ治֪ô£ô˲µǻɱأ
Ҧܴ˿̶֪˵ʲôˣʲôʵԼûеô
ɱ΢һӵ˶֪ǻɱ϶ʲôɸ˵ķ
Щ˶ʲô˼ҦܺΣսǲܴˣƲҪˣ֪жַ
Τ͸ɱ󲻴
ҦȥˣɱջѾܴˡ
ǻɱͳյʱԼҲ˵֤ݸѧԺҲõѧԺĽ
Ҳûʲô˼ҪһЩ˾ǿɱҲԡҲ֪Щŵ˭˭ɱȻŪһЩ̯̯ͣ֡
Щ˾Ūɱİ취ȻҲȥɱʱһٳΤߺߵЩļһôҲˡ
ҦĿɿڴЩ˶ô
˿һȻһ뷨ΤûĻЩӦöŰɣҪǻɱĳ϶ҲĽһ˼ɣ˵ǰǻɱȻǵĽֳɣҲ᲻һӦ
Τ͸סޱ𾪵ĿҦܣʲô
ҦʿˮҺ񿴵һƵ·ӣȫԸһרŴɱҵ񣬵ʱЩί쵽Ľǳɣɡٺ٣벻ѡ
ɱ
ҪһҵΤ˵ˣǲ̫ˡ


1918 ʮλ
ҲһıҦܵҰĸ𾪵ˡ
ɱ붼ġ
ȫʵȣܱ֤ڲ֮ءΣĽױԴһ㼶ΤҲһĽױԴûķࡣټҵ񷨽ͻϮ󲿷ûеΤ㡭ͽŵܣǻɱĻ϶Уɱͽ׵ľʮþȡҦܷһ˵ʵøΤЩĳ
ԭôǿ
ϴǻɱͳգԷҲһĽױԴһȣЩͽȷʵ
зƣƣɱͽӦûǺаյġ
ѾɱλҲһľ飬ڻɱҲû֮ǰôηˡ
ֻҪϵĺãɱʲô
ˡ
ΤȴӦˣɲǸֶҪԴҪԼ
¸֮·ʵ̫ˡ
ʿˮЩأȻҲȱңԺ飬̲סһ¡
ɱҵ񣬺ǿ
Ժ鱩¶ˣҲ˱ǣֻݡ
ҲһļϣҦܿʼʵΤ͸ʼӴһЩţ׼չҵ
֮ΤҦڶһЩ˽ɸ顣
Щ˶ӦսƷȫǣҿԷָɵĽΤݹʮϡ
Ҧһһȥϸ
ڰףЭĳԱЭİƻǰͻƵ񾳽磬ĿǰнΪʷսɱһλţһ£ЭǮڰҪɱһλõĽ϶١
˵ĺĳԱ񾳽粻ʮ꣬սɱһλԲʲôսҪɱɵӲš
ΤԱΪ߽ɱλ񡭡ԣսܲ

һ֮Ҧ˽˾ϡ
һ˾ѡΤˣҪҦΤ˵ˣΤɱһλʮа˾Ҫе޹ȥΪ޹ʥӡ
񾳽ʥӣ޹Ľһ㶼ȽϷ
λھȥɱһʵ̫ΣգҦ˴ʱһ
꣬ɱһ
ûȥɱǱȴǴһϢˡ
ĲǱˣǲأλǼй沿ĸ
֮ǰҦܻɱصʱλ棬û뵽ô죬Ȼ˲̫ˡ
ɱ߲ǱˣǾ壡
һ֣塣
ңҲ񾳽Ϊ
Ҧ˵õϢ֮󣬶Щ𾪣ǲڱǡ
Ա֮ʩ
ߣնЩˣһʱǾ
ô£ͻȻ֮߸ϵΪ
˾˫ƽİ꣬һҦǴжˡ
ǰάǰɣ˵ӵǿվаڶʮλѪһʳصһλ񶼱̽Ķӡ˵ʵʵǿõ㣬ӦͳΪ޹ʥˡҲ񾳽Ϊ޹ʥӣԺ㷴硣Ҧܿǰһˣȫһˮϵ֮ڣΧһǺӡ
Ǻ֮ǿ֮
˵ڵǿվһһСϵĿǰһͷѪΪҲﵽ˾˵ĸ߽񾳽硣
Τʥ˵֮ǰɱľĺǿξͰˡΤȻһսʿһĿ࣬˾ͷԼ򵥣ʵϲˣ˼ܻ磬֪ԼڵݣҦ˶ܹһСܵӡ
Ҧϲĺʹ˵벻ùĨǣѡеĿˮħƿ˹λʵϴǻɱİͳղ࣬ͳյʱƭߣҲˣƿ˹ǱȰͳǿһ㡣ôҲ֮ǰˣҵװʵ⼸棬ҲõϣԻɱƿ˹ǻǺаյġ
Τû˵Ҧ˵ʵҲһ֪
˵ˣ޹ΤھѾԶǶ֣װϵĲ࣬Τ޹ʲôģѧĿȡ
Ҳ޹Ϊʥӵԭ
ҦЦЦôҾͷˣʱǣס˰ƿ˹ȥ塭ˣҪһ㣬һҪס
ΤסҪһ㣬ôڲŽ
ʱֻҦޱصǧҪǵգȻ˭֪ɱô֤
ҦܾͳԹɱһλũʱûգѧԺս
Τ˰죬˵Ҫһ㣬룬ᶨص˵ͷ
ȷʵҪ

ʮ֮һϢ
Τɱƿ˹𾪺ս
ǼΤһģһɱͼƬ˶ޱȡ
Խ׻ɱĶѾôˣ
Ϊ˻ɱƿ˹Ҧ˿Ƿ˺ô
ջȻǾ޴ġ
˻õսƷаɱƿ˹Ĺѫżֵİң˲Ų²һΤ뵽޹Ϊʥӡ
һ޹ͻ˼ֵһǧҵԴ
ΤسŵһʱͰɣҲתҦǡ
ԣҦһۼǾŰң˰չͣҦܹ󣬷İңΤ֮ң٣Ҳҡ
İ꣬İҡ

ҦܿôңԽԽһ׮
Ҫ֪ûмϴѧԺõĽȻĻҪټһҡ
һ֮ҪͣͣʱҪ
Ǳߵ˿̶ѾΣˣ·һλˡ

һǧİ֮󣬵λɱαɱս֮С
һλǱûˡ
Ҧˣɱĵλ

ǧ߰
λɱһսҦˣҦܵɱƣҲ
Ҳòȥݻ٣ʧʹﵽһǧңΤңǶѷ졣
ԭѡĿ꣬ѡеʵԶƿ˹ҶԷһ㼶
һΣȫⱾ
˲ò뵽ڣһꡣ
֮˲ƲϰЩ۵ԴҲһգΪ١
н񾳽Ҧܣﵽ˸߽񾳽磬߽񾳽ĸǴﵽ˰벽磬ΤȻǸ߽񾳽磬һμѪǱ˽ӲӵģһһĺôķǿˣܰԼȫڹˣʱķҲô׵ˡ
սȻʵİ취
ô뵽ǰһսЩ¡
ֻҪɲɡΤߵڷǿ˽һҲӵͷˣһѡĿ꣬ǵΪϴ־Ҳɱˡ˵ΪʲôôʵΪϽ֣ÿһζΣʹô졣ҺҦܶǸ߽񣬸ǰ벽ˣȥһ·ɵȥ
ҦܶЩȵĿΤ㶼ôǿӲô
˵ʵҦܸղŻһ±·ߣڵˣΤôһ˵˭ҪǲңǲǴ˭ˡ
ʱôˣ
ͷ˭˭
˵ͷʹġ
Ҧܻ˵ʲôǾͼչҵɡ
һħ˹˷ɱ彮ԵϾ౴˹ɱͼƬƵ
Ϥ·Ѿʶʲô˹ˡ
ǧħմ˹һСɱǸС涼ˡ

ǧҦѾɱ˹ʮλ
ʱɵҲܿˣһ֯רɱ
ʲôɱ֯˸ɵġ
ʱĳ
ΤȥˣҦѯʵûΤˡ
Ҳ֣Щ棬Τûٵȥ
Τֵڷܵû£ǳȥһ£˳һС
ҦҡҡͷʲôһСһɴɱСǸ˴ɱȥ˰ɡ
ΤȻû뵽ҦܾȻ֪Լɵ顣
ҦҲ˵ʲôɱ󲻸ߣΤԸɾ͸ɰɡ
ˣ˵°ɣνǹ顣Ҧ˵ţЩ֮ɫΤ͸ƺ֪ҦҪ˵ʲôˡ


1919 
ҲŲµʲô飬˵ĺҪʱˡ
ȻʱֻҦܵһɱҵܸˣڲ˶Ѿ֪ô£ЩίҵˣܻĽҲѾٵĿֵҲ͸ˡؼǱߣʱ̶Ѳ飬ֻҪ϶ҪǸǧˡ
̫ͣѾﲻԤڣټΣӣȷʵҪʿɶֹ
Τ͸Ҳ֪ȻЩѾɱٶȣɱ˶ʮλ
Ҫ֪սҲֻһʮλ൱ʮ֮һ
ֱǺţҦ˿˵ѾΪ˺սһ档
Ǳߣǿ϶ǲϵġ
ɾͲˣԺǶ磬زپҵʱǲɱˣɱ϶׬ǮΤֵģɱ񣬳˶ӵи߽㼶Ϊﵽ߽ܡ
Խ׻ɱҪԽ׻ɱʮ
ЦЦɲΤô档
ڶ飬ҪһѧԺڲҦ˵ţЩ˸С
棬˽˺꣬´ټͲ֪Ƕ֮ˡ
滷ԺҲ˶пܣϾ˭Ҳ֪ĸȵɱЩһǰһ죬ԲϵԼ
Ҫ߰Τסˣ˾ǲˣܸɵ黹ܶ࣬ҦһߣⲻҪɢ˵˼ô
ҲһȻԤϵһû뵽ô졣
Ҧ˵ļ򣺡ֲԺˣ˵Ժһɱô
Τ˵ͷǿЦԣһɱ񡣡
ҲǼᶨص˵ͷ˵ԼԺټĿںš
ƸУֻƲЩⷽ涼ͨġ
Ҧ˺ҹźǿգ˺š
һɱβˣôҦ˵ź͸һ˵ʵҦܺеĵһ˳λ̳ˣȻҸһɱΣ˿϶ҡ
ĳ̫ˣȫƾŴԴһ·ѵȥ
ʱıӣЩãҦܣ̫СˡҸ棬ͼһʹ죬ôʹôЩ̳ˣһȥ̳³壬ͻ˾磬ҳΪ峤ǲ˵ʵʲô³壬ҸںҲС֮ĶȾ֮Ҹúһɱʹ죬Ҿˣʲôûпǹ
Ҳ䱦ޱȿصĶɶЩȴһĲֵ
Ȼһˡ
ҦڨڨͨԸ˵˽⣬øɵ
ȻǼĵһ˳λ̳ˣûдӼıȡһԴ
ΨһһľǴԵͼΤһʵġ
ҦܵԼ͵͵ص渶һʮңǸҦܴһۣȨ޾Ǵۡ
Τ֪֮ҲøɵϹԼ̳˵ݡ
ҦЦЦֿΤأҿ㶼ǮȥˣôȱǮô
Τڨڨ
ȱǮôȱҦһɱΪŪǮ
û취ұȽǣһѧԺȫѧһǴĶΤ˵š
ˣ֪ˣ͵͵һ򡣡ʱʵȥˣ̲ס¶֮ǰսǸˣ˵޹ˣɾǿۿģˣҾ룬һûмĸ޹ʥֻһλ񾳽˵ġ
ΤľҲˣЩɫ
Ҧܿڨڨ治㣬ʵɺϡǸλ뿪֮󣬱סˣҲǡǾ˵飬ԭǺһģΪܲμ˵ĿˣҹŸչ·ѡʼͰԼʡԴͻȥǰĸΪ⾳Ѿλ࣬ȫĹ͡
ΤЩһЩֵҲЩ۾ʪ
Ҧܺ͸ǳĬ˸ǣ˭뵽Τһﻹһ档
ֻ֪һСģ᲻ῴңΤȻ̧ͷЩ
ʲôģ۳ҵģһǧǰ϶ûءҦЩҲЩϷࡣ
ҲŶǵΪʲôôΤ룬һǧǰĸٲҲǻûаɣ۷չĸǺ͵Ĳ̫Զˡ
Ϊʲô
ҲǺĿҦܣϸһ룬Ƿչʵ̫ˡ
Ҧ˵ȻֻһϵĽ򣬿ʵʿƵķΧѾﵽ˾Ÿ򣬼ֱǿ¡
ˣӵе־ʵѾӽ񾳽硣
ΪиѧԺ
ҦܳĬã˵𰸡
һеĸı䶼ѧԺ֮
ûѧԺĳ֣ڻʲôӣѾΪֳˡ
ѧԺ
ΤţѧԺȷһ棬ǸԵҲҺѧԺĴڡ
Ȼû˵ѧԺѾΪĵھŴ
ҦܣˣսҲû˼ˣҴؼһˡ룬ȷʵûȥˣѾ˰벽磬ȥһЩ׼׼㣬ͿͻƵˡ
Ҧܵ˵ͷȥãȡĶҪȡġ
Ҧܵ˼⣬һлҪȻȥ˵
ǶˣҲϽ߰ɡ屻ɱôֻһˣʵ̫ΣաΤЩµӣҦֻ֪ҪΤ˵ĵ̣;ԲΣգ˵ģǲ˧ɾԱߣΤҪΣգܳ嵽ǲ˧ӪȥҪȻһҵĸǣȻȥ޹ܲŪô
Ҧܺ͸޹Ҳǵ˴ù
Ҧʱ룬óһɱʱõ˫˫ÿһѶǳ㼶Ѻһǿн㼶Ͼ뷨ǲ˲١ϵȭҲս١
˵ţҦܳΤ˵ݡ
͸ҵģ
Τס֪˫ֵƣȻȭףʵȱһһı
˫˫֣ƺ
͸ģѵ㻹򲻳ɣ
ҾͲˡ
Τ˵ţҲ˹
һ˫úǳ֡
ҦôôŹأ˫ڹǣ͡
꣡
ۣ
Ҧ̲סЦΤ֪ô£ѯҦܣҦȻҲ˵ġ

ʮ֮һĵ뿪ˡ
ӺսصѧԺҪʱ䲢ãҦ뿪ս֮󣬺Ȼ͸о˲ԡ
뵽һռ䣬ȥıؾ֮·ռ䱻Ťˡ
Ҧռ֮󣬸оеѶϢѾϤַɱʱһֱá
Լ
뵽Ҧɫ΢䡣
ʲôˣһλãҪһλǾˡ
ʱһֻ֮һλɫ۾ɫͷӳҦ档
壬ѪȽ׺ܸߵϾһ塣
Ҧܹһ£Ȼ塣
ΪϾһһ壬־ǿɫ
ܸоλӣΪҲֻ񾳽磬ûдﵽ硣
ԣȫһս
ʱǾӻڣҽ壬ҲԽ塭֪㣬ʮλɱˡ
ҦȻȻ壿
͸ΤɱʮλЩ棬ΪҲɱʮλλɱġ
ͬҦܣλȫƾԼһ˵ɱ
ԭ㣬㵨ӹģĽ򣬶ѧԺҲԶҦ˵ţ
ֻҪɱѡ
Զ壬֪ԷеɱҦܻǲô
ڵҪȥɱʱĿũһҲ
Ӧţھ棬ǿҲᳬһֻ֡ԣˡ嵭˵ţսӿƺΪս
ŵľս
ҦɱأؾͲ̫ˡ
ң㻹Լôܻ뿪ɡ˳һ£֮ѧԺղҵϢʱ׷ݵĻͻᱩ¶ʱ뿪ѧԺʦҲ뿪Ƕ־壬ѧԺʦǸ͵̨ϡҦЦˣΪ˺ԼһսȻôðոԼ
һҪıˣǾЦˡ


1920 ѧԺҦܣһΣ
סȻûԤϵЩ
˼һ£еսһ᣺ӵʱôɱ㹻ˡ
飿
һ֮ȫƶʮ֮⣬һԻһϵ
Ҧܴ˿ЩȻô˵϶ԼʵоԵš
ɱ
ӰһѾɱҦܡ
ʱޣҵ飬ѡ֡
һҦֻо񷱻˺ˣеһʶʼֽ⣬ռ䶼Ǳһڻ

Ҧһ۾ͿˣѧԺ֮ľַ
һƺҪһУʱͿռ䶼Ҫݻ٣ǰĽṹ
죡
Ҧ֮࣬óԼٷ֮һٶʵ
ܸоһѾȳܻɱ˵λȻûɵġ
Ҧܵһѳѽ˸֮
ʲôǹǺƴ㣬ʴȵġ
һ֮£һСγɣһʱյһһжϣһ٣һһ㲻
ҪҾҪ
Ҧȫ˺෴ײռ䶼
䣡
ձ飬һ䰵۵ĺɫš
ɫЩأһͿҦܵǿǿš
ãҶȤˡ
ٴγҦܣеսնĵӰѿռһķָ
ռǳһһεġ
Ҧܲϵغˣ޿֮ɽźһգȻʳָָŵǣġ
ϵǰָĿռ侹Ȼľۺϵһ顣
ЩԾҦܸովȻ˿ռ䷨򣬿֪Ҧܲûռ䷨
̫ˡ
ռۣҦܵķɽ˳ȥֱȥ
ɽƿռټֻһɫĹ֮д
屻ɽ׷ţõϵɽǷɽǱˣֻٴ׷
򣡡
ҦʱעĶʱˣһһ󱮴Żɽȥ
ձ
˱ѾĽױԴһͰĿռŤˡ
屾ҪܷɽģռŤ֮£Ȼһײӭķɽ

ɽ··滮һӡ
ʧɫ׾ȻҦܻһӣҪףǶҪҦնˡ
㼶ף
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ҦֻöԲըըһըˡ
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ҦܵΪҪһģһҦʱսҦҲռݾԵϷ硣
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ѧԺҦܣһΣ
忴Ƣٺã˿ҲҪˣҦܣұɱ㣡
裬ǳ衣
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һ࣬һ֮£˵ܵǣֻ15壬һ±ĵ16
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ѧԺ֮УҦܵ˵Ŀ⡣
Сȵãֻ޹ĶΪһȨСУҦⲻһԼġ
ѧԺ֮УĿǰӵݼߵˣǷĪ
Ҧܱܺ˵ĳݣͣѧԺ棬
֮һ쳹ѧԺ
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糤㱻ͣҲзҸողһ£ʮ컯ķǺܸߺܸߵȽһ

Ҧܹһ£˷ܵæţҪȥԺ


1921 ʮ
ǵİ칫ң֪Ҧܻͷһй
İ칫Ϸһʣһ֮ڵķʮ
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ҦܵΪԺ칫ңҦܻޱһˡ
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ЦЦſվˣɡ
Ļ£ſڵҦܲʩʩȻ˽
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ԼҲӵĽױԴ֪ǿ󣬶Լӣձڷϵʮȣ˲֪ٵȽס
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ǿҦܶҪˮˣЩΣȰⷨҦΪãˣʮ˱컷֡콣쵶ȡìͨšڡս츫¯͵צݡСͼסӡšɡ춦¡춵칳ǹ칭촸ǡۡʮ޷ɡ֮ʱ⻯Ϊʮض죬һһܣ޴ֻһͳɱĻȪۡ
Ҧţޱȡ
ⷨҪⷨ϶ʮþȡ
ЦЦʮһ߽㼶ǲֳʮ͵Ƚ׵Ҳǳ㼶ϴҽǳûȥ֮ϸһ÷ⷨȻ޴󣬵Ҳô׵ġûΪ磬ܷӳɵ㲻ˡ
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Գ⻰ЩΣʮʲôܱ仯֮Щ򵥵ķ仯ãһĲ񣬿Ǳ仯˵Ļ˭˭ѧԺʦʮ䣬Ҳֻѧ˱ˣȻ˵ɹˡ
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ǵģ糤Ĳٿγ̣Ҵȥ𵽵ģЩϿεʦûпԳ˵⻰ʱҲЩԺ
𵽣
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1922 ǹ
ҦܿԳΪ顣
һһֱĽһѧԺİࡣ
ˣԳҵӣƭšôô˿϶ܡȻͬѧżֵƣҪûһ˵ҲҦܣҲǺǵġҦܵ˵ţϤ˶֪ˡ
ţֵһǧҡ
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ĽڨڨҦܣôôСҪ֪ڸѧԺףҰŵĹо͸ˣǾּˡʱ˵һţҸʮңһҶ⡣
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ĽҳĿʵǿҲ̫Сеˡе֮ǵĿƼҪôױо͸ҲΪ˴֮һˡҦܺߵԣŪңҪôһҪôǮ
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ԳߣһҪսӣľսġ
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ҦܽȭͷĽôһ£ԥ˰죬ûȥ֡
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Ҧ룬Щۡ
ԼݰװƵȻôΪһѷ
ĽҦ뿪ȻҪŵ뵥ʹðɣֻڵĺܴӵʵҲδܳܵסҿԸװһ£һļǹٶ٣ǿԼ֮һĺ
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Ľ־͸ԳһԱﶼҪˣ㻹ڹô

󣬹ͨԽԽҡ
ѧԺгΪʸ֮ƣֵôҲӲ
ڣһѧԺҪٰһͨĽᡣ
ԣǽᣬμӡ


1923 ̨
۲ݣһӾиۡ
ҲûƹѧԺ֣ͨʱѾ졣
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ǹ㷢룬֮еյ롣
ѧԺҲʲôСѾΪ˵ھŴȱľһһսѡ
ѧԺ룬û˸Ҳһ¡

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ǰǵһȻϣ̫ϵ
ѾȫûдڵıҪ
Ĺ֮ȻΣգȻΣնǶһЩླµߡ
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ڵĴ¼棬Ҳε¼3236666꣬ѧԺԺԻĹΪϣƷ̨֮ˮעĹ򣬻ĹɺĹʧ೩裬ϵ

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ѧԺڵǿ硣
ʦνᣬ㵣ѧԺĴ˵
Ժһ˵Ҳȥ汾ԴǶء
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ҲǵͼûоܾҲЩ֮еĸ֡
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ת۾һǧȥ뽻Ὺʼʮˣʱһȵˡ
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˿Աһλ׵һλһӢǷܲ򵥡
ؼǴˣɱˡ
ЦЦܵλ˵ĽߣոմԨսλҲϢһ£ԾһһˣѧԺĽᡣ
˿࣬һﾹȻȼٵġ
Ǳʾ˻ӭ
࿴һ۽΢΢ʾһ£ƺûаѽ
ҲСȣҲˣٵĿγ̣òΡ
Сȱ黹㲻ģ˿̶ʱˡ
һɲǲεġ
潪һĻҦܣ˿̵ҦܻΪȴԵøӵĲˡ
ʮеѾ
Τ㣿
Ҧܣþò
ʱ˺߳һˣΤ
˿̵Τ϶ЦһջˣǼλǰ̸ˡ
þò
Ҧ˵ŸΤһӵʱΤյ˸ϢҲ
ҦܶʱЩʱ˶Ժ֪ɶʱټһӣһ
ڵãǧ꣬Ҫˡ


1924 
ΤͼĸҦܻǺܻӭġ
˺йĽ飬ѾҦҲ࣬Ҫúάġ
ɶҲ˵ˣһȾơ
ҦܵΤٺһЦ˵ͷ
ۣûʲôһپƽ˵ġ
ʱߡߣΪỹҪʮſʼʱ鷳ڵ̨ҵطס¡ǽ̨ݿһһԼϢȻҴȥ̨
˵ţóһٶɫƬ
û˵ʲô˹ַš
һ˵ſɫƬӡŻĹɺͼƬڻĹɺмһ½Ӧþǵ̨ˡ
ǵʶУͷԼʶ뵽˻Ĺɺ֮ϡ
ĹɺԼ̨۵ס
ŶЩ𾪣ֶѾǵˡ
Ҳ΢΢ЩԾɲֳ㲻֪ʲôԭ򣬵ʣԵԼЩô
˿˵һɲܶ
ʦҶԵǱȽϤģͲͷ·ˡ˵̨ѧԺԺԻĹΪƵģҲͦģһǻǰ
Ǻã
룬û˵ʲô
±ϾڵסڵϻһסլԸҲá

ǻĹɺˣһʮСĻĹɺȻƽǾһĺܡܸо෨򶼱˸ıˣλѧԺԺֶλĪ⡣¿ŻĹɺԼʵҲоһ»Ĺɺ
Щ˵ҲɵϣҲܸоĹɺ
˵ŶǱ۾ϸĸĹɺ̺֮ķ򣬶ת۾ǰȥҲûдǡ
Ȼһ˵ϳ˾ҵͬʱһӻĹɺ֮з뵽ӵ塣
ºͽ˹ȥʱֻһɫףųһѪ˳
ӻ۾ЩĹɺǰʵָĿռһˣҸо̨汾Դ򣬶ĹɺΧŵ̨Χ߲ռ䡣ĹɺһС档
ڲţȫ¶˾ޱȵɫ
Щ
ļٵģ
ô棿
ҲЩ𾪣ҲǾ̨ͻĹɺǸû뵽Щ
ӵ˼·⾹Ȼġ
Ĺɺ͵̨һģռ䡣
߲ռ䣬ĹɺȻû߲ķָʵĹɺ͵̨ģ汾Դȫں֮
㻹ûʲôջ񣿡
뵽һ˳˽࣬Ҳûٿǵ
Ҳӣԥһ£˵
ЩãߵǲǵõѧԺʲôô
⻰ҲɫŹкô
ƣҲȷʵõһЩôҲ򵽵̨ͻĹɺϵʱҵʶĹɺǣõһƪڷеҸոտһ£֮еЩͬģӦþѧԺ˵ͨˡ
ͨ
¶ЩԾȻõһѧԺеͨ
ңҿһ¡
ֱӿڣӲ
üͷõĶƾʲôࡣ
¿Щԣæ࣬ǲõĶԸ⽻ҲҪС
룬ûҷ¡
һ±ǿˡ
ڽȻҲ񣬿ǲֻһܽҲӣԷҲҰô
ûб׳Լջ񣬲ʼԼõķ
ԣӦǷͨŶԡ
ͨƿգ֮󣬿۳ԹԷֱٿط硢ס⡢硢Լռ˲Ϣ֮ľ롣
֪ͨȽôֵģ棬Ѿһ
׬ˣһ޹ҲҪѼĴ۲ʸѧϰţԽӵļ
ؼ⻹һŷʺڹؼʱá
ѧԺ֮С
ǿ˻ĹɺڵķҲЩ⣺ΪͨڻĹɺ֮вһͨû뵽ôͱ˴һ֮֡еŻǲСģҲãԽŵͨŻԽ˾ͨƸ󡣡
ò˵ǵ̫ˡ
ЩŵõͨȥͨŶȥͨˣ˻ô롣
ֻͨҲ뷨跨ȥͨ
¿Ż򣬶ܸͨоЩԾ
˿̨λãϵ̨ɣȵģ˵̨Ҳʲôôǡ
ô˵ŶЩڴ
һȺ˳ŵ̨ȥ
˵̨ǰǾͷˣ̨һɫϰסˡ
Ҳǽ֮ǰ˵ģҪȥѧԺǵݿ
߰ɣȥ
˵ţóԼݿԵĳŵ̨ȥ
ǴһĤȫûκεҲ׷׽뵽˵̨
ССϣҪݿ
Цţóݿֱŵ̨ɫײ
´󾪣æȵ࣬ס֣
ྐྵȻӲѧԺԺµϣ治֪ôдô
¶ˣôôԴ
ɻѾˣޱȣͣ£һӾײɫ֮ϡ
˵Ŵ˿Ҳһţⲻʲôɡ
Ҳʱ򣬵ɫϵ˲䣬ըѡ
ֻһɫ׵ƿնһһŽȥ
оһɼǿѹ޷ա
ʧɫֻо궼Ҫը
Ų뿪Ǵ˿̿ռҲ׷ŲƲˡ
ŲƲˣǾͷɡ
һŲգֱӰѿռ̤һӣɫȥ
ռ䣬Կ߲ռ䣬Ķʵ
һֱ֮Ųȥһꡣ
ո뿪ǺɫҲʧˣȻո׾ͳ
䣡
ֻоͷ˶һӣ㱣ҡҰڣˤ
ϣһ㼶սһѳݡ
˶ͷƤ飬ɫϳη壬ôĺôҲ̫˰ɡ
һ񣬾Ȼһ㼶սףҲ˺̿
ҲЩʧײ֪ʲôԭȻ׷ٽ࣬ȫ㶼㲻
ѧԺ
ŭ˿Ҫըˡ
ֻչһԼʵ͸ôݵһӣҵĻս׶ˣܲˣˡ
Ԩսô꣬ûб˴սףֱܴ衣
ѧԺ֮Уüͷ΢壺˭ôװƵô֪װô
ҲѧԺĵ̻ӲµĽƣ㲻ô
㴳ȥˣԺ顣


1925 Сԭ
ǵĿ⴩͸ռ䣬һҪ쭵Ľࡣ
ӿɱ⾪ˡ
ɱ˭
ɫǺܺãѧԺĵ̣㻹첻ɡ
˼һĹɺ֮ϵըѣ۳һĻ
ֻоĹ֮е֮ˮɲǼ䱻ˣΧĿռҲǱһʱٶڻرֱеһжֹˡ
ѧԺĵ̣͵ѧԺĹأѵʦûи߹ôǵĻ˵š
Ļаɸߣ˿̸춥ŽĶͷˡ
˿亹ֱðֻоԼ嶼ƿˡ
ɫֻʣһķףȴ˵
Ǻһ´ΣľͲսףǡ塣
ǵĻֻоԼһѿһ
ɵϴѣȴʹһ
ţǵĻһը޾ûʧǻΪһĹ˻Ĺɺ
Ĺɺˣꡣ
ˮ䵽ϣֻоģʱҲ˹
Լ岢ûոֻĻþ
߰ɡ
̾һôѧԺ
޷ٵ֮⣬໹ôţˣ˻ܸ㱨𲻳ɡ
ðѧԺӲ̨ʵ
һȺ˵Ŷܵ˲СľţĪ
ѧԺԺѹ࣬˵
ֱֲ֮
ҧҧѡȥк죬Ҳֻš
̨ȫһߵĴ½
¶ˣסĵطҪԼ죬ѡ˶߿ĹɺĵطܿʹһСԺ
ѧ˵Ҳ׷׿ʼԼס
ܿ˾ͷص֮
ԭˣ
һŮӿ˿ǰǱԼķӣջ֮󣬷ӵλһĻָԭ
ҲǺ治ѣ̨Ȼм书ܡ
ǵôûиԭֵ
ӦǴסǵһջԼ̨϶ǽסģǾͿʼաƼһиԭҾⲻǼӦһָԭ򡣡Ǹ˵Ů룬Ľ˻ȥȻڽظԭ
еḶ́Ȼһӵ̨֮зɳ뵽֮С
΢΢һ¶˲˼ɫ

ɵۣĽҲ۾һ
ͨ
׶Ҳõһͨ
ºͽ࣬ʱҲע⵽˿׶Ϸ
Ѿõͨһô£ʧ׶ǲҲõʲô
˵ţҲ۾һ
׶۾˵ͷţҸոеʱƺһڤڤ֮еȻͻһͨ
˴˿̶ǵһȻġ
ǸոյȻ͵õͨĹɺ͵̨̺֮ͨԺܿɹۡ
ʵ֮ǰǶͨôأ˵õͨ˶ûеõⷴЩûеõˣҲеõһͨͨô¡
ѶҲ
Ƕţǲǵõͨģš
¿ղԣѧԺͼѧԺơ
һЩŻûвμӽأͿʼȥѧԺڻĹɺ͵ֱ̨ͨӾͷ
ֱֲܴͨǻѵı
˲飬ȻԿ׶õͨҲܺ棬ǲȥѯʡ
׶ʵ¸׵ĵӣһʱʹµʦ㣬һõͨСԭ԰һб޸ĹĶԭ漰ʱ䡢ռԼʵȷķ֮԰Ѻڶԭԭռ䡣
ЩȻʲôȼͨ
׶ʱʦ㣬ӦһſͨҸոռ򵥵Ŀһ飬ͨкܴǰûʱշСԭǲɹġڣҾֻҪʱ䣬֮ڣҲ˵ɾ磬Сɿ϶ǿԵġ
û˵һСɵĻζսҪһࡣ
һСɾ磬Ҳһ׵顣
ͨӦģĻδٶȡոյͨȷǿͺúʱԳһ޹ʥʥŮǰʮ
ʦ㣬ѧԺͨǲǲ̫ã
ѧԺͨôǿ㲻Ҳ
˵ţЩ֮ɫ
Ҳν֮ʱҪĻˡ


1926 ֪ʲô࣡
׶˵ͷȻ޹ʥŮǰ
ǵڣҲѧϰ𼶵붼ġ
ѧԺõСԭȼҪѾѧϰסȥѧϰԼš
ʲô֣֮ͨûκ壬ʲôǿǾʲô
׶ƺˣЩ߱κ˶ʵ
ΪʲôͨΪĻҡЩͲǲˡ
ԭͨǿȴѧԺ¢ˣȻѧԺ˲
ԣЩϧڮͨ

˵ס˵̨ڵҲ˺ܴĺ䶯
硣
һΡɽ壬ֱ߲֪꣬ռ
ɽվһɫ䣬ֱ¶Ŀӡ
ֱں棬˫ۿԶããĿռ䣬Щ£оˣת
ʦ𡣡
һ񣬱ϹϾϸһȻǽࡣ
ӿŽ࣬΢΢ͷҰԨսǰѧԺμӴ˴εĽᣬ̽̽ѧԺʵ˵ĵһ縺ػΡѧԺ֪ðģʵǿǵǺսĹؼʱ̣ͻȻܸıս֣Բò
Щ𾪣ʦҪսˣ
Ǻô꣬սʿҪ˵սƺء
һֱδֹ˫Ĭ顣
³Ǿʹվս֮յĵ
һһɱɱ⣺ıԴ򳹵ױҲ᳹϶Ҫȫսǵ֮սǶǵ棬ôȾָһսɱ⣬Ұ汾ԴٶȣҲһԪҪ顣
Щ˵ˣıϢ𾪵ˡ
汾Դ򳹵ױʱҲȫսʱʱһƬ
ЩįΪʦųƽֻ֮ǵʮ棬ʵȴԶһڶ͵ôǿ󣬵ʱĿܴܺ󡣡
ʱһʦΣǸΣա
Ծأֱð亹
֮Ľļ򣺡ҸЩֻϣܸӵǿ汾Դ򳹵ױ֮ǰһͻƵ񾳽硣ҵЩ棬ӽģҲϣܼ̳²ġ
γ֪Ȼʦ𶼲нࡣ
˵һѧԺ
֮ȥص⡣
ѧԺĴܲҲٵҲǳ
ҽѧԺѧԺԺõĵ̨ϣѧԺԺ֣ҹ۲죬ѧԺԺһѾӵжʵﵽ汾Դ֮ǿѽ飬˵˳
֮˼
һӵжʵλѧԺԺӦõȷӵΪϴλū֣֮ѹū֮һš˵ĻλѧԺԺʵӦûҪҡ
ѧԺֻһλ񣬵ҲãѧԺ񡣡֮Щ
ֲǴײˣôʦˡҪôôˡ
ѧԺһλѾǺεȵˡ
֮˵ͷ̽ѧԺ⻹һ飬һֱڴ£Ҳ֪µĸ˭ȻڸھûбֳڶѪ츳Ѫ϶ⲿѪġϣԺ˺ӣѪǿȿ϶Ҫ㡣ΰºһҲڸ㴴ᡣ
˵ͷܹϣֹǵĺѪǿԼҲܴ
µĸǵڶ棬ڶǿߡ
ֻǴʮԪ֮ǰµĸ׾Ҳû¶棬Ҳڶ潻˵ھ
ȻҪҲ±ֳĸǲֵѪھ֮ϡ
뿪ռ䣬ԼҪʲô
Ҫ׷£Ȼܸɵš

µסˡ
´˿ں죬ţжͨ
С¡
ະ⺰ԼЩˡ
ˣˣ
׷ŮôҪ㣬Ů˲ϲһ㣬֮жͨġ
°˽һۣһ﷢ʲôɧɡ
һ˽ȥȻ˰죬ûӡ
˿Աһ齣Щɣѵ
ǰʾô
Щƺʲô
ҲϲԼİԼΪˣʲôŤŤġ
ԵĽߵ˴ǰҪŽ£ʱɵˣըëһ
ʲô
ŭ࣬㶮һأҵĴ齣㻹治ɣ
Ҳɵˣе㲻һ
౾ܼھǴͷűһˮûӡ
ǲ˵꣬¾Цûӣ㲻Լ۳һôѵ֪ǵ̨ʲôҪԼ
Ȼǡ
ЩΣӣʵʵ۳һӡ
£ǿƲ
ǵڶŮǵھ״ӣδܻ޹Ĺѡˣݺ͵λ²Զˡ
Ϊ棬ȻǸոսѾǶ񣬵δǱ»ҪԶġ
˵ɣʲô飿
Щͷĵúúõģˣɨˡ
Ȼ֪Щ˼һ£С£֪ģϲ㡭
ס
üͷЩͷ˵ˣҶûо㻹Ҫ˵ٱ顣
С£ӵдѪĽѪϵĻӵѪޱǿҾúܻܿᵮһλµ档һǲ档
һ澭˵Ϊһλ棬㹻ߴϰɡ
´˿ŭȻ뵽ִֵӣЩЦã࣬ѪȽϽӽ˾ҪһĻȫһеһ̨ѪƥĻԺĻ¶ûƥˡ֮ܶյ˵˵㲻ҵĲˣҲҪǿң֪ҵݣҵĸ׿ǵڶ档
ʱһᵽԼĸףѾڰвˡ
¾Լס˽࣬ҲѿתƻСȸոջصѧԺҴһµϢ֯ѧԺĲѧԺԺѧԺһλѧʦλʦֽɣһŽ֮
˵ʱ¶Щء
֮
֮еķųν
Ҳ¶ɫ֮ѵһλ񣿡
ǵġ
¿϶ޱȣΪСȾġ
ڶλ
ѧԺȻֹһλ
ʿˮ֮ǰԼʦ֮˵ʲôǴײˣѧԺҲԺһλ⵹ãſͷѧԺһλ
ȥôԼʦͣⲻǴô
ոձ¾ֵܾ֪Ϣ˫ش
¿ɲ֪뷨˿࣬һ֪࣬̽ѧԺʵǲòһ£ѧԺԶҪǿ󣬾ǿ̨ĽһѧԺԺʧְˣʦΪ㱨ôңѧԺֻλҿδأҲеλλǱ˵񻹶඼һ
ȻȻЦѧԺҲλˣеλҵֵд
µһЦ֪ʲô࣡
࿴ýЩãô¿Լǿ׳һˡ
ʵû˵ΪѧԺеλⲻСȸģۡ
Ϊ׷£Ȼ˲ٶ֮ĵ棬֪ѧԺĿ¡
˵ѧԺֻλֻúЦ
ˣЩԺģôʦöĮˣˡ
ڽߺֺһˡ
ô£С£ոոɶȥˣ
Ǳߴһۡ
ɧۡ
û£ող֪ˡһСҸȥˡ
̨й
ɻ󣬲ŮǲԵģûУڲٵϵĶȮеĶǿգ˺ˡҸЩȮǧҪ£һҪϸʱͻ֪֮ЩɵľǶɫë׵ľ̩ϡ
ʱ¹Ц

С£Ҿе֡
ôˣ
ֺÿġ
ٴδЦ
С£ΪʲôҪң
ʲô
ôϲ㡣

¾ԽԽ˼ˡ


1927 ʦ㣬һϲ
ۼСȿڲɧۣЩġ
ϸ磬û뵽ˡ
³Ĳһ۱ͨѶϾԷ
ϸ磬θʦһĻһλ֪ô
Сȿҡţ˵
񣬺ʲôϵ
۲Ųָ»һı顣
СȺΣ֮еϸѾ׳Ϊһֻ򹷣ЩҪˡ
ϸ磬֪ܲλ࣬Ҳ׷ʦ㡣
ʲô׷£
۶ʱѣ˼У
Сȿϸӣ⣬㻹ʦɧһѡ
࣬ʮ״ӣΪԨսնɱλսȻңǺʦһ𳤴ģǵ˵Ǿ÷ϸ磬ľ֣Լʲôƣ
СЦЦ˵һ㶼
סСȣƭҵĶ԰ɣ
ΪΪʲôʦһʵǡƭ㣬ÿôҸ簡ҪȢʦ㣬żҲǹҫˡ
Сʹļ׵˵ţϸ磬㻳ң̫ˡ
ЩԺҲЩ
к˵ΪЩ
СʱҲ̾һڣݣֻѧԺͨһλѧûôûôˣûҦˡΪڻֻǽ֪ѧҵ֮ǰܲͻƵ߼ΪѧԺоʦֺʦ㣬ǿɶ൱ѧԺɰ˼ĴڣѧԺܵˡ۳࣬ϸҲûʲô̫ơѪƣ͸˵ˣ˼ǿվѪѪ֣ϸѪ
ţоˡ
ϸԱһ£һСӣʵʵĸ߸˧
ûȰ
СȿۻЩǿӣҡͷûȰϸ磡Ҳ˵ʲôʮӶʮĪǶдģʵмܳΪʦģ
Զԣλ֮ӣ롣
ѧԺһͨѧ̫ͨˡ
˼ҸûϷ
ЩԼºĵϾҪ˹ˡ
ڱСôһ˵һжǼһ㡣
ǣûϷСȷ˿ӣ϶ޱȵ˵ţ˲ɫס
˺˵ֻЦЦСȺ˵߰˷֡
ҲһֻһԸ
Сȿ˿ʧӣҲЩϸ磬Һ㣬Ͳðʦܸ㡣ʦɣҿѧԺбȽϺʵģٽܸ㡣ϸ磬ҲǸͨˣҶİֳ硢ŮͱˣҪԼְξͲҪˡ
۴˿ҧҧСȣǰɣ
СЦЦҲ˵
Щ˵ô
СȺǺǣҲ˵
˳Ĭ˺һᣬۺߵ˵˵˭˵󡲻ܳˣҾҲϲҵģáСȣ·磬Ҳס
磬ƭԼˣʵɡ
СЩ磬ƭԼ˵ĻԼҺʦϤôģһ˽ô˵Ļֻǰ㵱һʱˡϾôֻ֮ĳֲǸһЩζƷվ޷ΪıƷ
۽ץӣָͷˡ
СȿۣһҲϹˣܼӰ
СȣϸֻʱʱĹߣ
˵أȻҲ԰Լݵĸ߼һ㣬һȽеĳƺ̥
̥
ޣԼĶλô
Ǳ̥ѡ
ϸ磬˵Ļȥʦס
ף
һƵɧУ׵ĻЩ̫Ϊˡ
Ұ
ˣ˱ܾʱҲԴβеĸ֮߳׵ĻԼǼű̥֪
ҡ
۾С˵е޷
Ǽ󣬻ãһȻԼ
ϸ磬ѾǶʮСˣѾˣҪңԺ̸ʲôʶߣЦǺӡС۵ļվȫǸոսѧԺʱˣʱһǰҪ׵棬ΪʲôȻˣȻҪһ̲ôӣ˵ʦ㣬ҶЩˡ
۶ʱһǰ֡
ѧԺʱǺεȵ緢ʱȷʵҪЩѧԺѧϽϾ
ǺأԽԽԼҲԽԽйֱ֪ʲôʱԼΪȻģ˾ӦñԼǿ
һˣҪףҽ㾡ˣȻȽʦȷ˹ϵ׵Ļᶼûˡ
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ۣˣҪÿ㡣ռԺʱöҶԺεʱò13ꡣڵ㣬õ¸ҡ
ۿСԶȥıӰ˳˼
뵽Ǹſڣ黨ȹӣСȣڵһμԺʱһˮһֿµ
ƭԼʱֱӰεʹ̡
ʱСȺ¸ңСһ·Ű裬ѧԺҲΪ˴һĴڡ
ԼرԼõĹڸǣһġ
۴ʲôʱӣ
Ц̫Цˡ
Ƿϵżϣżɽ̫Ȼˡ

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ϲôȻЩ뵽˺ദĵεΣȻ治࣬죬Ƶģ֮Уȷʵǵһô׽ˣϲϲҲ֪ɣᣬӦһϲɡҲǸҰҺ޵ģȻΪ˵㣬ĻǺܲģΪٸߵ㣬Ҳһᡣ
Сȵ˵ͷ⵹Ǻ²Ĳࡣ
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Сȿ£ٴһԼλʦ㣺ҵɩӣȻܸˣҲ˵ˣҸΪߣܴ󡭡
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Сȶʱʦ㣬һϲǺϲðɣҸû뵽¡һһɰ˼ҪݰԵŮܲûʲô
Ҳһ㶼˿ЩΡ
СһȻҲϲҸ磬Ҿȱ̬ͬһ𡣡
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СȿɲЩڵҲˣҸΪߣʵһ㣬Ĳܴ󡣶Լ˵ʵѧԺвʱ򻹺ãԴӽ뵽˸вԺȫԱһȻҲŬǱ˶ƴʮֵʮֵҲ߰˷֡Ҹѧһ磬ȻҲ񾳽磬һ޴ķˮ룬ѧԺоһӹƾҪˡ
о
֣Ҫô
ҪѧԺѧ֮оڴѧӵн߼ҲΪʸоͶĿǰĻѧԺ涨Ӳʱǰ˰꣬Ҳڰ˰棬ΪҪӽһͻƵ߼СҦѧⶼѧԺҲУǳ֮⣬ʣµѧһ˶Ҫˢ
С֪еѣ˰ӽһ߼ҲֻЩ
ҲǵһҲ̫˰ɡ
ΪѧԺо֮أɻôƴųΪѧԺоǲо޴ĺô
ΪоԺյ³Ϊٻ߰˳ϣġСȵ˵ţҲ˪ģؼһЩܺ˵
ЩѧԺֱǿֲ
ԣĿǸʲô³ţ˵Щʲôϵô
ҸϻףȻϲڻʱԡҪܾݺݵؾܾС¶һϤģħЦݣƲ񷿴ûУʦ㣬ҸġȻ
ϲϵС˵Ȼƣ˿Сȣ˾֡
һΣϿСȵħŮƺš
Լ׸綼ôӵˣô


1928 ʮȻ
СȿӣԼЩƵģڨڨʦ㣬ʵҲΪáҸģҪĺһˣϰͬô˺ʱҲһ֪˿϶ӽˮˡðɣʵڶоǲӽˮˣ񣬵ڶŮλôܿҸϲء
¶ʱãߵô˵磬Ƿϲ񡣡
СȺǺǣˣ϶Ϲˡ
źã㲻ϹҸ磬ҸԺҪ
ôһ°˵ףҪǴӦǺΣաҪܾԺҲ᳹ɱ䣬ܳΪһˡ
˵ţСվʦ㣬úÿҵĽ飬ΪһʱΪһ
˳˼ܾô
ƺЩ
Сߵſڣͷʦ㣬ҸĸãҲڴɩӵһ졣
˵ţС뿪ˡ
ҡҡͷСȵǸһΡ
СûбϿô򵥣Ѿͷκ˶ݡ

ϡǿպ嫡
ۿŵ̨ڵķ˾
ҪףҲҪʹ졣
۲ȥˣҪҪһԭǸԼ
һҹڶһ۶ˡ
ȥĭ֪ĭƯһֻ
ֻ꼣ֻǺĴ֮ʧˣ֮неĵ꼻һꡣ
ĭõĴУ֮У꼻
꼻֮Ű飬ǵ꼻ήĻ֮ҲΪ㣬л
ĭĵ꼣ֻһ磬ûпΪԼ׵ļ֤Ҳ㹻ˡ
ۣʲô
ĭۣڵ۴һɫװᣬǰȫһˡ
ӣҪ飿
ĭ֪۵ɱ䣺ô֣صװ磬Ц˰ɡ
ǽ飬Ǳס۵һЦΪұ˳һڻ԰ĵ꼻һΣ
ĭȻǶĶ
⡭
ĭȻ᲻ã꼿ɶİ֮һֱŵ꼻ء
꼻һȻ꣬Ҳ׽ģԺȻ֮ŵù۾һ꣬Ų뿪ҲΪѡ
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ڵۣԵıǰһЩš
ĭ۵ɱ䣬һݵһЩãҾһ꣬ͬʱף׳ɹ
۵˵ͷĭʱһоͿӻ԰֮зɳһ꼻
꼻ʮָߣȫӨ滹ɢӫ⣬ǳ˸һ
꼻ĭһװҺƿ棬ʱ޿̶Һ
һ꼻ҲǾ޴ġ
лת뿪ʱĭסۣҸоЩһˣڵ֮ǰӵүˡαףҲᾡ⣬һ꼻Ȳİ顣
ۻͷǿһЦ˾ҲѾעǻ̲סһеȥǰ̫̫࣬٣ڵЩˣЩȻѾǾ¸һ㣬ͷѪԺҲʲôźÿ˶õԼֻŲϵسɳ·Ͻʧˡ
˵ţֱ̤ŵ̨ȥ
ҪһǸԼۣԺһֱ˵Сȵĸ硣
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ԱߵĽ֣ʱĿһ׹⣬ۣʲôˣѵģ
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ɲˣעκεĽǲھ۵ġȻ۾ѡ
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ʲôˣ
ˣﻹʲô
˺ְǲѧԺѧ

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ҲںĿۣеѾµʲôֻǲԸš
ϴЦݣڣ£֪ٴ˵ĺܼԴϴѾ뿪471314520죬֪֪ÿһ춼㣬ԺҲȫ㡣֮ǰοԼԼϲʲôˣԼܿͻˡʱԽԽãԺ֮еӡȴԽԽֱǿҵһҲ֪ԼˣشĻϲһˣֿ̹ģԸΪ֮һеϲ
˴˿̶ˣڱף
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ۻ˵ţ˵ųˣûа˵ĿˣĹâǸǹ磬ⲻһˡҲϲˣҲұף粻ųҲεı׻ʧܣʲô˵һٸһΣΪĳ˷ܲнͬУӵУֻ껪ǸԼȻĶˡңˣˡ
һ˿뱧סۡ
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ȷʵˡ
ⲻҲԼԤ֮ô֪ΪʲôԼôʹ
ǰʦʲôݣ˾⡣
Ҿ˵ʦӽˮˣȻôܴӦ
һ־磬Ƕۡ

һ˲䣬˶۳
֮ǰû̬ãڼȻ±̬ˣȻҲ˵ʲô
Ļشôˡ
ۻվû֮еôʧ䣬Щ̹ȻһֽѣǾɣ֮ǰ˵ҪһĻϧ꼻ֻ磬ûпŰɣԺӦܿҲԼĳŵ
˵ţ꼻з¡
ܱǷ񱻾ܾ꼻͸£ΪӦµġ
ת
Բ𣬴ŵˡ˵ţת뿪
Сӣվסʧ˾ߣɴȥĻ¶ҪΪΪ˵Цţסֲۣۣɱ⾪ˡ
ģ۸ұ£ǾǶơ
̣
˿̣ڷ
ۿŽ࣬ȴЦӦþλ࡭ԣǽ֪࣬ΪһԨսɱλ񣬿ô
˵ţ۾ȻŽ࿿˼
˶ŵˣǸɶײɣҲҪ
ҲЩסۺôĵӣȻԼ
ʱ಻ʮףֻۻˣģѧԺҶһӣ뿪ԣҪҰɫŻ˭أ


1929 
һ̵ޱȣһλȻ塣
ֱҧ뵽ǣڻûиҶ֡
֣
Ļ
ҲǱ۵Ӱ죬ЩĿ
ͣ
۹Цӽ˹ȥ˻һΪҴңԭҲƶѡ˻ͻƵ񾳽磬ηηģⱲҲˡ
۵Ļٴɫ䡣
һﲻˣǷˡ
һ񡣡̲ס˵κһԱ˵ˣҲû˸˵Ļ
񣬼ֱǿûˡ
ʵ
㣡
ţһȭۺȥ
һȭֱӴգռѣֲ
ۻͷ˿Цϴ
˵ţ
˷װǻƣ˷ӱ飬Ϊһء
˵һһôģ
ʧˣԾô
ˣˣȤĺܡҲ뱨ңΪˣѧԺͻ϶ɵģ棬Ҳ¡˵ţʧĸɸɾ
˾Ǹӡһ˵ųţԺۣˡ
ȴǰޣţƴˡ

¿ԶȥӰתصס
ʦ㣬ˡ
Сȣ㾹Ȼڣ
¿˿СȾסš
šСЦЦվʦ㣬ݼ治զأҲҸľôˡˣβǽɰðɡ
ɰ¿ЦħŮϿɰ֡
ˣˡС˵ţӰһͻص˵

ϡ
ɽɽԶãã󺣡
һ˺žƣߣĿվƿ
磬㾹Ȼ⣬ҺҰ
Сȹˣⲻصĺþôộˣÿϧ
۰СһҶʧˣƿɲϧ
Сȣֿһƿ
ˣҿʲôס
Сһֶ۵ľƿȥᣬȴСһƺ˳ȥ
һ·ֱ䵽˰ɽ
ˣ硣ſţ
֪Ҹ磬ȻҶ㡣㲻ʧôҪҪôûӣûʦ㵽Ϊʲôܾ㣿Сȳ
һֲۣ۾Ȼվ
ԼίѵʦͲίϲ㣬ҴӦôСЦ
ʲô˼һ
ʲô˼ѵôʦڱ㣬֪ô㲻һͨ׷ҪĴӦˣܷŹ㣿˵ţڶŮȻίһǻ֮ԣϲ㣬Ҳֻܾܾ㡣ڣôСȵ˵š
ϲңⲻܣŭ
ܣÿĵôÿ׼ʱߣôܣζ뵽ԣˣϲģκ˶ϲ㡣
С˵һܲпࡣ
ǲǲܰ±ܾ
Сȣƭңɫұ׵ģ˵ʲôʹ죬ԭϷˣң
Ϸˣ㣬ҪΪǾǰɡָҸ㣬Ҳϲ㣬ãˡֻմմϲӵǷȥԣұʵ֪һ𣬻Զˡֻапʵǰ֪ŬŻѲôҵĺø磬ڸܵеֲʣַߺءǿһ㣬ҲȫһŶСȶ۸ǰϴħŮϰԵЦݡ
ҧϱһ
ԣӵԣŬɣҵĸ硣ҪΪѧԺоѧȻͻƵ񾳽磬ʱкʦһʸ񡣲Ȼʦһ𣬸ǳ˵ΡСȻվҲң硣νˣϾħŮô
˵ţСȵӰʧˣֻħŮЦɽȻ죬̲ס
Ƿϵоһлһ

һ
ѧԺס
ۣȷҪұԣǰˣЩʶˡ
ȷ֪ԼĶ֣֪֮Ĳൽж󡣡۵˵ţָ̣ǰЩϣҪ֡
áӦ
һ֮ҦܣͬԲҰճ
һ֮ס
ȥܣû٣ӵĲˡ
˶Ϊۻսѧʱ۲ˣ뿪˵ˣ뵽ãã档

̨
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¿һ̲סһ̾Ϣ
ǴεڣҲûϵ˾İһ
ҾǸһȻ֪áСȵ˵ʮ˲ͨѧԺĹɺıأͦȤô
°Сһۣǿͨÿһֶ˭Ȥ
ʱһ˼Ҵҵ˹
ʦ㣬Ǳߴˣȥ
ģˣ
סڻʱôʹˡ
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Ҳ󣬷Բʮ׶ѡ
ΧȻۼһٶˡ
һ澺ģһ˵ġ
澺һǰ˵ģӵҲһλ񣬽ʲա
طȷֵģӦˡ
ƨⲻ˵ĵطҲ澺ģ˼ѧԺġǣ˵ĳڣҪҪ
ǲܣطռˣǾʹһ
һʹһ˭˭

ĲɿҲһͷ
ô£
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ʦ㣬طǳ֮ΪģǼ澺һѾͨԴҶطǷˮءһͨɾ൱һǿ˵ܲĶô澺ûһֱռţԴ֮ҲͨǾͿʼط֮ǰѾּˣûһֵô󡣡˰ľ˵һ¡
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£ѧԺͨʵ̫аôǿúõôʲյ˵š
ΪѧԺ̫ͨаΪ˵һҪվЩаͨռˣһ澭˵û취˭˾ôθС
θУ
ͨа
˶˵۶գô
˭ǿѧԺͨ˵õѧԺʮͨʮʵ㵱ҶϹ
ۻô˶Գˣ澺ԸһЩаͨռˡʲյ
ˣ޳ܰ
һһаͨǲҪ
棬ǻô
ϵĽɫΣһĺ˵˵
ҿ˿ӦʮͬʱǶ԰ˣһ򡭡ռЩаͨ
԰֣ǲУһʮˣֻһٶʮˣҪ𵽱ãǾͳԵֻҪ߸λӾˡ
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ǰ߶ô˭أԲԣʦ֣
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ʲճһ£˵ͷ
ƾʵλӵĻ澺϶˵Ķ֣ռλӾͲˡ

һ־ܿòʶһ㡣
ͨ

һ󣬻еЭˣǵһʱͱ̨ĳ𺳵ˡ
ߣʲôеָָ̩ǱߣȻָָһЩ׳ͨĵط
Ŷûʲô˵ĹɺʲôаĴڣ˺澺˶æշѹЩаĴءڵ̩һ±ơ
аĴڣأ
ʶͱ鼰ĹɺëûУǺƹء


1930 ɳ
ҲٽʲôеЭ˰źһطתˡ
̩ʮֺ˺澺ڸʲôڽߺ󣬾ȥǱߡ
еģûǵλã߿ߣ
ͨаĶǾͱˡ
һûвһͨеЭ˾ˣǵù

ͨ
̩۾һһ˵ô£
һץһ˵űץ˹
˵һ̩ק·ӣһʹò
ϼһˡ
ҲǾޱȣ׷׺ˣ֮
Сʱ̩ŪľߵͨаĶһҪҳȫˣǻеЭҲ岻ݴǡڳλӣǻеЭš
ãһ޳ܵļһ
񾳽ģƤҪС

ŻеЭһĻи
ҦܡΤٴξ۵һ飬ҦָܷѾҪͻƵˡ
Ҧܣű˸ˣ
ţһŮ˲ġ
Ҧޱȵ˵Τһ԰Ц
ͻƵ磬ʱٸ㵹Ūһ㣬Ҫ˵
ֵܡȻ˼Ҧ˷ޱȡ
һᣬ룺˵Ĺɺ汻Ժͨļٵģ
⻰ԱߵΤЦˡ
ȷʵвͨÿһͨ൱Щͨˣʵܴ󡣡
Τ˵ţȻɣҲһһͨû
ȵĿΤһͨԣ
ΤٺһЦȻ⻹ǶҦܣҪȥĸײͨһ治һܲڣѾϷˣҲȥ˾λáˣĵֻҺҦһġô
ģ
һԭȥͨľȻΤֶġ
ͨɶ֣
ҲʲôͨԷ˵ķ֮ѡ
ʲô
һ⻹ʲôܷͨ˵ķ֮ˣѾĻǫˡ
ΤҲЩ⣬ѾҦ˵ˣԼ߽۷ͨڻĹɺ֮ǿ֮ͨһ
ؼͨϣֱΪһ
ˣҲҪȥͨ
ͨôаĶʺ㡣
ƨҲ˭еͨ

뽻ῪʼԽԽҲԽԽࡣ
ð˵ˣˣЭˣ˵ˣ̵ˡ
˰˴ȫ롣
ţ˾ȻҲˣǶЩȡ
һ򲻲κ壬ȻҲ˹ʮˣɼǶνӡ
һЩСҲˣһЩ֯Ҳһ̨ת۾ͻˡ
̨ϣ֪ͨ飬Ҳʼǰȥ
ڣԽӵļҡ
硣
ۼʮλϰλȫǴ˴βμѧԺĸӡ
֮ʱ߳һӣһͷ׷һ¡
̣գ
˿΢΢һ
̫ˣʮԪ֮ǰȫͬ޵еĴڡ
Ҳųʷʮ֮һλǰ
汾Դ֮ݱ䣬֣ͨʷѾ˹ؼıʱڡʱ䣬ÿվ涥Ϊ˱ⱻ̭ץסδķ򡣡յ˵ţǴ˴μӽĿģҪ֮ͨͨʲôܱͨѧԺգǴ޷̵顣
˵ţ䡣
˱һٵ룬һҲԵΡ
ǰ˵ʲôͨаڣ˰ˡŪѧԺͨҲãоҲã֮ͨѡð˵񿪿ˣҲһλš
˿ҶôֱˣҲûʲôεˡ
ѧԺ̫ͨǿˣȫԺķ򡣡
ͨɶַΪãÿ˶ַԲɺϡ
ͨܰһȫӳȡѾǱȻ顣

ûпڣЩ±Ƶġ
ЩѧԺֲͨм˿ȫ¶˱Ŀ
ʲôͨʲôа㣡
ʵ汾ԴʱѾоĸˣָʵָľѧԺֻ֮ͨоٶȻܿ죬ѧԺѾȫͨϵǲһءյ˵Ҳ֪ѧԺǴõ֮ͨ汾Դȫڼ֮ͨʵһѾֱӹϵ˴սʤ
ţͷ
Ȼ˵пĳɷ֣ͨȴǳΪսֵһء
հѧԺͨؼλϣǹάѧԺͨжҪռݴ壬ѧԺ֮ͨ
㲻Ǿǲȡʤͽ
ĺݶ
ʱӦˣѧԺ֮ͨʵ̫ҪˣΪȡ飬Ϊ飬ѧԺ֮ͨ뽻
ǲ̰ͼѧԺ֮ͨΪ顣
ΪĴѧԺ뽻ͨ

ôҪĻЩǺǡ
Щ˵ôΪʲôԼѹ׵ľѧó
Ҫ
ҪѧԺ֮ͨô죿˳Щ
ˣѧԺǿѵҺΪвɡЦѧԺῪʼʱһѣѧԺ
ѧԺٴĵӣҲҺΪУ³ˡ˷ޱȣ֮ͨҲԴͨǶ淽
ãǾ˵ˣһжΪ˻֪ܵ
̫ΰˡ˸˵

ʵȥˣ̫ˡ
൹һЦοѧԺô졣
ǵͨյסôһξѧԺΪʸ֮ġ

﷢һУ˸ǡ
ǱˣǷҵЭһλʼˣֽ¡
ѧԺڻǷҵеĹɶ֮һռɱѾߴ27ѧԺʵѾչҵС
ǰ֪ѧԺĿ£ҵеλʼ˻װװ֣ѧԺ񶼳ˣֻϣԴ˻ø档
ֻ֪֮ǾÿЦ
˲Ǹյϣһû뵽Ҳ۹⡣
ΪѧԺ䣬ΪѧԺҪռͨԴ˶ѧԺдʵ̫͹ѧԺҰˡ
ѧԺҪĲͨҪ档

ʦǽῪʼʱˣ׼ôҵ˺ɣѯʵ
û⣬˵ԺԺȨȽˣҪǻѹס棬Ҳ̫ˡ˵ţԺȨȣڻûоԺȨʲôԴԺȨΪκ¶һ
ԺȨȵĵȽ̫ˣԺȨΪŤת򣬴
ǵ˵ͷΪԷһԺȨȽɣʵҲúɿܲоԺȨȵԣȻⲢס
⻹һʦȥоϵͳصĶڿҲ̫뵱Ȼˡ
ڵľ綼޷ϵͳô£ֻܡ

ת۾͵һ죬̨һϼɣˣСİˣټĽˡ
̨ʮڲ໹ࡣ
ѧԺҪʦأ
ѧԺأ湻ġ
ˣǱߣ

Ѿע⵽ˣӭ⣬ѧԺλʦѧˡ
ѧԺˣ˶ɫء
ҪƹѧԺѧԺͨ⵽ѧԺļҷԣ˵ﻹҪһս
ѧԺʦѧλ֮պȻըѣֻһµӴ֮˳һһ磬Ľ컯濪һ㡣
˶ǿˣֶΡ

˵һܿˣⲻ񣬶һѡ
֪ˣѧԺλ֮
ɳ֮󣬻׼õĽ̨֮ϣ
տźɣʱð⣬ȻЩ
Ҳע⵽գ΢΢üԺԺȨȽңѵѹסˣ
ҡҡͷԼЩˡ
λ֮󣬿˿ʮڲ࣬ѧԺ֮ǳɾλ˴νᡣ
˵ţΪÿ˵Ķ䡣
˸о崺磬֡
ߣʲôᣬ֮ͨѧԺУѧԺûʲôýġֻõ֮ͨΪõöԿ塣һ˵
ֻõ֮ͨɿ˿ˣȻȴ϶ĵ˵ͷţԣҾʹ֮ͨ
˵ʲôɵֻۣоԼˣҲһ˵õĲһ
ЦҪͨǻô
һͨã


1931 л֮֮ͨ
ӳһ£˿Χ֪˵ʲôˡ
˵õһѵģ
⻹ûзѣѧԺͰ֮ͨʲô
ʱʱȵȵȣҪѧԺİ֮ͨ˻ãҪڹŪǣȺ֮
룬е
ϾԷһλʱ򻹺ȥԼҲֲ˺á
޷ٵ֮ģԼҲһλ˵ǹŪôҲİԼȥˡ
ɿûκεɣЦ
һȺ˻
ƵĵǺãֻȫˡ
ʱ򻺻ڣҷģҼȻվȻ֮ͨĽңҲҪżΪôҶͨһĸҴͷʼ˵ôҶͨһϸ˽⡣
˶Ȼеˡ
ѧôͷʼ
ʲô֪ͨʶռ
¶ɵˣҲֻΪɻһ£״԰
ѧԺôǵĴѧôͨԾʹĿʼÿ˶ѧһ
ҲüԤƵȫһѧԺӦüųôʱͿվѧԺԼΪ޷٣ʱһɱѧԺ
ڣļƻԯˡ
ѧԺڸʲô
̲סüǿͨѧԺѹ׵ֶΣôԸߴҡ
ѧԺĪǷˡ
ɿɲ֪е뷨Ѿʼͷʼ˵𣺡νͨһֹĦȻγɵҲͨĵطͨԴѧԺʲôʵһֶõֶΣñҴ߶γɷ磬Ⲣǵ˷֮򣬶Ϊķ֮򷢻ãмǶҪ֮򡭡

ͨظķ֮нγֻҪЩȻԼȥЩʵͨԸͨԸͨһˮŵȥͨһŻϨҲͨһǳˣͬͨ

֮ͨޱߣͨν˷أط죬취Ȼ
źɲϵؽ˲ٵӣ˶
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գ£񣬶ջĴ
ɵЩ˵һͨĻ֡ѧԺͨΪŽףһͣŽߣ֮УҲѲ༶ΪСԼҲԿͨŽףףͨĻʵϸˣͨԷΪͨͨ츳ͨ
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ϸ˵ǰһЩ𼶵ֻǰ˽ͨǾŽͨνŽͨѧԺ߱תʱ֮ܡȻ˺棬Ҿϸ˵һ¡һֻͨǼ򵥵ͨ漰ͨҲֻһӦã԰ӳʮԣÿһӦʲôȽ׵ͨҿԼȨһ¡
ĬĬ࣬޲Ȼ
˷ԼʵҲֻһͨѣʵȻһֲȫͨ
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ҲǰüһǰѧԺ˵ʵǰ˽ͨѡ
µҲһʱ˵õͨЩţЩϲѣΪǵõͨȻȫ߽׵ġ
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˵ţӰһΪһ˲뿪˰һһ
˶ǿһ
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Ѿʼƿգ֪ͨǿ󣬶û뵽ͨȻǺɴġ
ľϲ
ҲǾĪɵĻƺǴһ˼·ʵֻҪˣǾͨ
ǼͨȴֻҪΪõУͨһС
ˣԭô£ҪǰԼĳͨʵѡ
ͨȻ󡣡
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ʱˡ

ɽ֮ͨͨһ֣ƾôһͨһ֡
ϵ渵ͨĸԽԽ
֪Ȼʮȥ
ɰ֪ͨʶǺޱĽ˳ֱɥĲ
л֮֮ͨ
ʱм̲סĲ׷׿ڣ쳹̨
յ˵ˣôܵѧԺĺôԺѧԺ֮еĵλ֪
ھŴ
ЦЦѧԺ󿪷ţݣ棬ЩѧԺоɹȻ棬Ȼ⴫ѧԺء
˵ʱ򣬺ɿ֮ǰ˵ǸӣѾ޵ݵĹͷ
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⻰һ޲Ȼ
ѧԺѾߴ֮ͨˣ㻹ҪѧԺĸ߽ͨǷˡ
˿գһç
һʼվѧԺ鷳üѾյ⣬ǹġ
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վǹѧԺ鷳ġ
˵ˣǽ˻ѧԺ϶ʧӣȫֻ
˶˺ɣôԡ
Ǻɲû֮еôЦ˵еΪĴѧԺյİ˽ͨŽͨȷʵҪó
ʲô
˶оԼˣⶼóˣ˰ɣ
һĸڡ
һѧԺˣôˣⶼס⻹òˡ
¸Ǹ㲻ףѧԺ̰
Ǿʱ򣬺ɻһתôֻóѧԺһҵͨǱˮнЩ𼶵ҲҪóȻȥ˵ĸ˵һ£ôҶó˻ôĲǿ϶Ӯˡ
նʱɫһ䣬̰𼶵óʲôЦ
ҲǰЦ̻ô
ɿɫεӣ⣬ѧԺ㲻ôôѵ̲ʤ
Ѿ̲סֱЦղţôʯͷԼĽ˰ɡ


1932 ʱշ
պΣҲɵ
¹ش޷һ档
֮ʡ
λͬŹ֣նλ档
һȻЩȻո˵ĵģɷн£һΪǸģԭҲһСඡȥúõĺֻҪԸóһ𼶵ѧԺһóӦȼһͨ
Сආ
˶ǰЦ˵ľЩˡ
ҪСඣЩʲô
뷴ʲôԼ˵ˣƸΪЦ
֪ǹ⳰˿Ҳֻˡ
㻹ʲô£û¾°ɡ
֮˰֣ոϽЩͷӡ
䣬ȻվˣͲ£һս
ġ
źɣգѧԺΪ˲μѧԺĽᣬҲѧԺһ¶ԹѧԺ̣֮ǲģյǲǸø̵Ǹ
ЩĿգʱҪѧԺ鷳ѧԺǸô
΢΢üԹҪҽ
յ˵ͷֻҪѧԺԺ̵Ǹ̿Լ̡
ʱЦˣҲ
ѧԺԺԵǸˡ
ⲻҪѧԺô߱ѧԺ̡
ҪǵǸˣѧԺô֮㡣
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ռһѣİڷ
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˵ţɱ⾪ˣһѶ̣
˻֣֮̿Ҳ̫ˣ̫ǿˣֱλѧԺԺһޡ
˵ǸˣڻҪ̡
߲Žǿ߾ǵ
ѣŭˣߣܺã֮㾹Ȼ̣ѧԺȡ
ô
Цˣôȡģҵʶһ¡

ŭţֱӳ˺ɣһȭźɺȥ
۾䣬Ҳ
һץյȭͷ
ȭƽһͿ֮֮Ŀռ顣
ҽ
һץһͰץ˿ռ
棬ռ
̨ϵȻͨѿĿռ俴˵ӰǺɹġ
ѧԺҲ롣
ˣ̺ѧԺˡ
Ƕʵӽ񣬶֮ĻӦҲΪһսʤ˵
̫ˣһԲϾͿ򡣡

ǹġ۾ţǿһЩʦ˵յΪѾӽ񾳽磬ȴٳ޷ͻƣܿú֮ĥʯʹԼͻơ
ʲô൹һվȻΪĥʯ񣬡ʮԪ֮ǰΰţȻ鴫ΪսȻ˵ֻһĻҲЦˡ
񲻿ɵУվҪۡ
ϸ룬ɵĻΪǾʸ֡
һսҪͻˣǾ׬ˡ
ȷʵ⡣Ԫ֮ǰԾΪĥʯϧϾ񣬸ѹʹҲûͻƳɹվڹʼʩ̩䵭˵ţҲͿյĴ㡣
һʱ̩Ͳˡ
ΪѾ۷壬չزζȻȻԭġ
Σ˻ͻƵ񾳽ҪĿġ
ǾΰţҲǾʮԪ֮ǰ֮һҲûͻƵ񾳽硣˳Ϊҽ͡
ĵǺãѧԺԼͻƵĥʯСıʯͷԼĽšµȴǾЩСѧԺˣǺ֮ҷſôҹۿһսȻʮ㡣
˺ǺǣҲ˵
ʱǲҪĺá
ռճˡ
һսһ˺ռռļ
ռ䣬һʵȫ
ĵռѣʱڼ٣һʱն򱶵ת
ʱշ򣡡
֮ЦˣԭַˣҲجΡ
ǳ磬޵ľʱշ
ⷽ棬ɲרңλڽ۷Ĵڡ
ɿյһʱһָֻʱٶȻûȻʱǱֿһһһεġ
еһжǳΪƬΡ
յĹҲһǱֳڷݣÿһֻӵһڷ֮һѾȫΪ塣
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մʧɫҲʱշְʱиһζεֶΡôܣ
ޱȣֶΣ
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µҲǺȻʱշʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨һȷ
֮ҲǼǿĴڡ
վ֮࣬Ѹ˺ȻҲЩû뵽Һһ񣬴ϣҿ϶ҵͻ񾳽ķ
Цʱͻƣô뿪˵ɡ
ճĬμȻˣû뿪
ҪͻƵ񾳽硣
ٴγ֣˫ʱ֮תӿ۳һڹߵʱվ˳źɶȥ
ΧʱվˣһеĿռ֮ʱ֮ȫͣһ㡣
еķ򣬶ʱվˡ
еֶΣʱշһЩ΢µӦãҲˡɵ˵ţҲǻΪһڹߵʱվˡ
䣡
ײһȻ˺˵߲ռĿӡ
ʱڱ
߲ռ䣬漰
ɸоģԼɲôĵģΪֹˣʶһʱշǿ֮
ռ䶳ᣡ
һֻռһǱסһдһУȫǱʩչ˶һ
ջľˣҲ׶ס
ɫ֣̿Լ˿ֻ˼άתһжǺԼ޹һ
ʲôĿռ򣬼ֱǺš
Ѿջȥ˿̵ȫ޷г޾Ŀ־塣
ôǿһôôǿ
˻ѾĥʯˣǶͷ̨ˡ
ְԼ˶ͷ̨
Ϊĥʯͻƾ磬ǾΪɥľʱ׵壬ڵʱ䡣˵ţһõϡ
ʱ٣
һоԼһٶš


1933 ֮ǧ֮
һܾǰȥһ
ʱ֮ôã
ŲţȴȫС
ţܿͻ
ˣѡ˶󡣡̩̾һ￴մͷβڱ
һԼʵĽĥʯһʵԼģǾˡ
ھ
ǿҲЩأɵʵ󣬡ʵٿ޹ǰˣһ˲õĶ֡
һû˵
ѧԺʵѾȫԽ˴֮С
һУյľ
ƽš
ԼƽˣԼҲͻƵ񾳽硣
̫ˣǶʱڿɵ顣
ڿԴӳδйΣ
ԺԺȨȽңˣջֵҶԺȨȵܡૣʱȻȫëЩĿһ
ʲôˣ
ֻӵ߲ռһֳֻץ˹ֱץĿռҪҲץɷ顣
üܴӵ߲ռ
ҲǾޱȣˡ
֮ս
ʧ֮һֵǱ٣κ֮ذɡ
ҲǳĬˣһĶ֡
ҲޱأԼıǲֵˣڵһѡ
ԺȨԭ
뵽ʲôǳƣһԺȨȳС
ԺȨȳֵһ˲䣬Ƭʱնǽһ
ͬڿռ䷨Ŀռ䶳ᣬʱҲڶᡣ
ǳֵҲЩԾȻĿźеԺȨȡ
㼶
ƺЩɣȻȻȻĳźɵĻץ˹ȥ
ЦһԺȨ֣һޱǿȫǹƾһ
ԺȨȴʱʱգնʱ䳤һֱƶȥ
ԺȨײһ𣬷˴̶ֻռһı飬߲ռȫƿ¶汾Դ塣
ǳֵʲôЩ壬Ѹٵջơ
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ʱҲʶȥ׷λֵ
ʱλҲоԼƺ汾ԴˣȻҲٳ֣ȴǳץȥҪոߡ
ˣ
ЦԺȨȳһӣȻͿһԺȨȵӰա
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⻹ֻѧԺʦѧԺԺ᲻ǿ뵽˸࣬ѧԺԽӵ
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ʱ֮Уһڼףֻ۾ɫ
ô
Ӿǲ֮֮һ
ѯʵһŮӣͷףһ̣ŮӾǴǧ֮
ϣһʱ֮ţȥһ룬൱ڹȥ˰һһ֮Уݻǧ֮˵ɫЩء
汾Դһ֮ǰʮ֮һ
ǰӵһǧԪȴֻһٸԪҲʮѡ
֮ɫһ꣬һСʱ൱ʮȥѾ˶ʮԪĻѾҪľˡ
ĵӣȥֱһЦ
ûʲô취֮
ûУʱ֮ǲתġѾôǧ֮˺֮µʱ֮ǸոѾȥһСʱҲ˵൱ʮ꣬Ѿ˶ʮԪʮڶʱ䣬ʣʱʵҲͲһԪˡǧ֮룬ЩͬĿգջкܶʱӻѾܽˡ
һ㣬ʣʱһ㡣ǧ֮̾һȻ󻰷һתͻƵ񾳽磬ǿӳġ
ԣձڳ񾳽磬һԪʱ䣬δûлͻơ֮۾һ
ͻƾ磿Ҳ۷Ź⣬ΣңҲĿͻơ
֮Ϊǣ˵ȫ㡣֮ЦΣڣΣҲһֶ
ȿȣе̫뵱Ȼˡǧ֮ʱ򲻵òˣǺõģʵǲпģҸոѾ˵֮лһǿ
˵ţǧ֮ӳյ
ֻյ֮УһԺȨȵӰռյģԺȨ֮һһ뵽˵յ
ȥԺȨȾǻΪ˴˵֮е֮
ô£֮ʧǼԺȨȱģѵһ
Ǽһ͸յ֮γͶӰⷨͶӰյΪһ壬ٵͶӰҲٵյٵյᱻͶӰϵɣͶӰϵʵҲᷴΪնɵǧ֮̾ĺݣȫǲ˻·


1934 ѧԺ
֮ҧгݣ̫ʵ̫
ΧĿռ䶼ǲһɫѷ졣
һĲ԰ףǲԺͷˣ
Լ䵽֣Ÿһ£Լ
ԺȨȣǣųɾŵ
ǧ֮̾һʵ񾳽磬ȻȨͶӰʵµֱ㷢ӲκεʵΪֹȻֻĵԪľ𡣡
˵ţǧ֮Ҳǳɱ⡣
ѧԺ̫ˣһ־ͷϵգʮԪǰΰžôһˡ
̱ϣĬˣԼôˣ
Ц̫Цˡ
ЦţץӣץһѪۣ˫ŭҪĳһ
֮ӣ̲סˣҪѧԺѧԺ
˵ţ˺ѿռҪѧԺ
ǧ֮һץͰѲ֮ץ˻񷣬ʲôȥǺ֮ʵҲˣԱҪǿټѧԺλԺûѧԺֻȥ
֮ץѿĿռ䣬ĬĬ
γ֪ЩǺ֮ʵԶ֮ϡ
ʱȲҪԴ֮˵ǧ֮˵ţֿ˿գʲô飬δ˵Ըȥɰɡ
֪ˡչͷһ֮ɫ
⼸ڸˣԺúȺãʲôź

̨
ỹڼѧԺѧʹͨչֳͨǿ֮
ͨĺǿ
ûУӮˣӮˡΤЩôѧԺѧԵģǵһλȡʤġ
˺ôһ벽ѧԺһ񾳽ѧѧԺͨȡʤ˼˵ڡΧ۵Ҳǰӡ
ΤɲߵӮˣ֮˵ˣӮ˵ĻнƷҦܣƷʲô
Ҧܿ˿ΤƷʵһͷһʱӮ˵ȥ齱еҩйؼз鵽ʲôʲô
齱
Τ˴֣Ҫƴ
ԻڼѧԺѧⳡϳ״
֮ͬڣѧԺѧȣ·磬ѹ˼һͷ
ѧԺǱ˾塣

Ҧ˵ģȡʤ˶һγ齱Ļᡣ
ֻӮ˲ܳ飬˵ҲԣֻҪ顣
Ҧܳ鵽һͨ鵽һĹΤܲȻ鵽һ̵֮Ļᡣ
Ȼ齱֮ǰҪϴ֡ΤЩ
ʦ֪ʶԨΪ̵Ļһϵ⡣ҦܵΤһλԺΤ·
Τ˵ͷϾ޹Ҳûô档
ʱһ쳹̨
ΪбͨѧԺҲѹ֮ͨһ飬Ȿͬʱ¼ѧԺоʮСͨɵ𣬶ΪҪɢˣһ
ͨ鼮
ʮСͨ
ʲôǾСͨôҲҪ൱Сɡ
⣬ģ̩ʧѧԺȻ˴ȣԸóʮͨо
ˣǷˡ˺ö˭ǲصʵʵģѧԺǺã±˲֪˺öһһ⴫ֹԼ۶ѧԺˢˡ
ѧԺĶĲҵȿԲ¶ȵģ˰죬֪˵ʲôˣΪԼѾѧԺ磬ȴԼˣѧԺһٶĴ˴Ҷ֪
ѧԺûŻ֮ô
⣬ѧԺԺÿٰһͨᣬʱµͨҪƵͨóÿνᣬѧԺҲóµͨѧϰɼʲô
һΣóµͨ۷Ź⣬Դ˺ڴ
ѧԺģҪͨȫ棬ȡе
ԺĻ˵ͨҶ뵽ѧԺ
ѧԺͨԴ֮ء
˾۵һ𣬴ҶǿЦ
˵õѧԺѣѧԺ֮ͨǻûжѧԺͰ֮ͨȫ¶˳
ڣóʮСͨ
ʲô
ѧԺôƣǶִĸо
ô˵ǲǿԴظˣ̩ЦǺǵ˴֮У澺ѧԺϵ㲻Դ˿̵Щ⣬ЩѧԺ˿̾ʹʹ
ҪͨѧԺͨأ
ǻҪʲôյ³ǰأ˭Ҫ治ۣԶˡ
˵ĸ߲Ѿ´ǻȥʣµ飬ǾͲκˡȻʣҲûʲôˣϾ֮ͨҲõˣǲǣ˵ǺһЦ˭Ը˭ȥɣѧԺʵôǿ˿ɲǷ衣
ʱ׼ȥĹɺ֮л̺ŲͨҴ˲һʱ䡣Ͼÿһͨɶ߽׵ģһ־׬ˡð˵񵭵ôõᣬʵ̫ϧ
Ĺɺ֮еͨ
˶۾һȻǵõѧԺʮСͨǲǵͽͨߵĲס
Ĺɺ֮Уɶ߽ͨ
һ߽ͨЩĴ
ȿȣˣ˻е飬Ҳʱȥˡ˵æĿڡ
˿˿޲¶˱ĵɫ
кôԾͲô

ʮ̡
գѾΪһˣﻹʸססĹʶľȥԺˡһһЦǰ̵ľţʲôõĶҪ㣬⹬أʲô
˵ţӵĴЦ
հգҲн죬һΪͻƵ񾳽磬Զѹһͷ˭֪ȥһ˻ͷˣǰ߸ϵű˭ܲȵӷ̵ԹڿԳˡ
տǰӣɫĮ
ӽȻҲ񾳽磬ǰȲԶˡ
ͬһʱڽ̣һֱͱԼѹƣԣû뵽ͷΪӮҡ
㾹Ȼҷү
һŭȵŶȥһ˶
һЦϹҲѵң
˵ţһƴȥһɰԵ˺ѿռ䣬ݺݵذߺ˳ȥ
һѪϹѳΪ˷ĩ
üŭȵ̫
ЦϹȳҶֵģҾɱҲ˳㵹ˣȥǽҿĻɱϹ֪ġ
㣡
ָŶȭͷգסˡ
Ҫǳ֣ǲȡ衣
ү
ϵĵľŭүʱܹ衣
߹ȥ˵ľʰһ¶ߡ


1935 Ե
ү
ľһıУǾȻˡ
λ۷ү˭һˡ
û˵ʲô۷䵽ȵףѾһЩ
ʦĵӣʦĽд˵̵̳Ľ֮λԼҲӦˡ
ԴʮǰȻǧ֮жΪһˣеһжıˡ
ޱȵʦ𣬵ʱΪѧԺҲ顣
ʦ𶼿ӡ
ʱ˶㶼ã㻢ƽʱŻᷢʵûĶãе˶ǧˡղЦҡͷȥ
գҲн졣һ˿ľϹǰԼĶߣҪǸҰ⹬ԭеĶˣֻһҾɱ㡣
ľû˵ĬĬʼʰ

̣ǰɽ
ŵסĵطհᵽ
үѾʰˡľ˵š
ǰһСݣ֮ǰĴ֮
ֻŵӲסСݡ
áտ˿Сݣ˼ص˶ʮԪ֮ǰľҼǵҼҵ˰ɣҺСʱҼҡ
ү㻹ءľһҲǶʱ⣬үյʱ򣬱үūȳΪү𱣻үİȫԴϼ屻үͷԼ干ʮ˲Ҵүӳ˽һǧ꣬үΪ츳ڣ̵ϿأΪ̵ŵӣҲһֱӵڡʮˣҶǲˡ
ⲻǼǲ壬Ǽǵ̫ˡյһЦȻЩ㯣ҾȻˣԭҵȫԴϡյģôţһΪԼͽˡ
ү¶Ƕе⣬ǻʲôҪ߰ɣľ
֪㵣ܲЩίû£һ̡ҪԴأԴ̵֮Ŀߣǿ˵һһĴڣܽϵ⣬ҲָܻΪ硣յ˵ţڲԸ뿪̵ԭһ˿ϣ

ʱȥתôȥˡ
һڿ飬Ϊ޷һͻᱻԺȨǣţΪǿˡ
Щ˺ܶ顣
ΪڣʶڣЩӵ伮ڵǸµ
үѧԺʮСͨ㶼ˣʲôջôľһ裬ŵǰ
ЩջġЦЦʼǴ̽ĵ伮Ǻĳ϶ԸֻȥϵһЩ鼮ʱҵѧԺ֮ͨⱾ˵Ѿӡ˳һڱؼѧԺʦӡҵΪҲܴѧԺؼ֮ҵƽ֮Ҳһ
үôľһȥүռһѧԺ֮ͨģү࿴
ãҽʣҲֻʱˡЦЦЩǿˡ
ʱճ˲ֻһ뵽յԺ
գԴ֮Ҫ㡣
ǣʦ𡣡
һ£֪ôˡ
Դ֮ˡ
ү
Դ֮أָܻܲΪ磬ҲͿһˡָܻĻǾͼ̣ܵĻǾͿ뿪ˣԺҲٺûκιϵ
˵ţȥ
֮С
һźɫԵӶڸλݡ
ݼ档
ձϹϾӵӵߵԴ֮
Դ֮˿գҲϻֱһסգյ뵽硣
巢ǿй¶һ˿ܻ塣
磬ΧȨӰһ
ȻΪһͷɫޣԺȨȥȨͶӰˡ
ɾʱȨͶӰ貵Ĺâ˲ͽյȻȨӰϵʵ޾һӡ
䣡
Ȩ£˾ϡ
ޱɢˣԴ֮Ҳ͵վ
ۣ
ոǲһѪоոһԼҪˡ
ôˣ
ǧ֮üԴ֮ƺ𾪵ˡ
Դ֮۾ɭȨȵͶӰѾȫӹյȨȣҲյ
ɫ԰ףȻ
ûҪȥ
ûбİ취ˣ֮
ܰȨȵıԴ֮˼һ£
ǧ֮üôѧԺĺ֮ʵѾôǿλԺȻһ֣Ҳһ۲ͶԺȨȡ
֮ĬˣĶ֣Σա
ЩһѧԺϡѧԺ͵ĻҲʱ
죡Ļû˵꣬ͱԴ֮ˣǧԪκκġ
ֻо˵ģһɼǿҪѵ˺Ƶġ
ۣ
һѪ˳æϢŭ֪ˡ
ǧ֮ҲǺߵ̵ӣһֵǮѧԺָǳ룬İɡ
֮˿գ˰֣߰ɣⰭˡ
̧ͷ˲֮
ǰʱǲ֮ܳĵӣǲ֮ĽΪ֮Ӯ棬ΪϣʲôǣѾΪ˲֮ĳ衣
˵ʲôұֳκεķŭȻԼ޷뿪

ס
ľҪ뿪ˡջһ仰͵
үԴ֮ûа취ô
УҲûСҡҡͷҵѾֵǮҲףϾֻһԪǻѾ޴Ĵ۰ҾȻҲͻƵ񾳽硣
үûüֵǾүүǰΪ˺ܶ๦ͰľüЩ߷߲ƽ
ͣԳЦЦҲ㻹£ϢûдȥǸϽ뿪ȻǶ߲ˡ̫أǰһһָϣЩ˾ǱңҸϵȴ֣Դ֮϶޷ָҲͲԥˡ
ʲôүǸϽߡľҲ֪شʰ

˵յס
ˣٶȵͦ죬һߵȥҵټҪɱ
ֵϴԳ֣ҾˡΪҵҲ޷Ϊ֮״ӣҪȻ˵ҲͻƵˡһ˵
Ҳн죬ǷˮתԱЦƺܲ
ǰһû뵽ôˡ˿ʮӰЩ

Ȼ֪ЩѾ뿪ˡ
үǾԴϼڵĴ硣һ棬λڵĲռ䣬ڻڡľָָЩ
ʱʮ꣬ǾȻֻˡţҿڵĲĿռ䣬Ȼϴ汾Դ϶ˡһ汾Դʱûƶλã滹Ҫ𡣱ģˡ
ү˭֪һ汾ԴҪʲôʱȻȥ֮ǰ˴ǵլӦûڡľ˵š
ˡЩ˵ʵߣʵҲطأ벻ﻹһԼļҡ
ƿռ䣬뵽֮С
ԴϼڣһռذĶĸۡλԴӳǡ
Դӳǡ
ţ־Ȼš
ԴϼլſڣյθԺ
ûע⵽լŲ֪ʲôʱһҵ̵ֽ̣Եꡣ


1936 ¾
үǽȥɡ
ľ˵ţǰ·
յ˵ͷŵľһȥȻȥʮ꣬ȴۡûκεı仯ȫԭӡ
ľˡ
Щڵľ̳˻ǲְ
Щһֱææź͸ѾԼıʲôԼĸ
үʱϣүؽԴϼ壬ֻǺү뵽̣ǰССԴϼҲ벻үˣҲͲ֮үλǿ԰Դϼ½Ҳڤڤ֮ע顣ү˵أľ룬үԸ
ѵһɰţճĬˣǰֻһܲ񾳽磬ôȥһС壬ʱǳΪ̵ļ̳ˡԼΪϣȻֻصԼĹ磬һƺעһ
Ҳид˽١ղš
үˣʱһ϶ǽëʨӵӼس˹Ȼ˵ǰү㻹ǵôʨ
ʨһЩţǸСʱҵʨޣ
ľ˵ͷСʨӣֻүģ帲ʱʨûлΣһСʨӣҲֻǳסһүɱˣʨͻˣүڵЩ꣬帮ۡʨġ
ʨѵ¶һ˿Цݣû뵽ҵСʨӣҲ˴Բ񾳽Ϊ
ʮԲ񾳽磬Ȼܱȣһߣˡ
ʨεʵ˵ľ˵İЩ͵͵˲ٵԴ
հ˰֣㿴լйЩӦõġ
ʨ·һ·ϿլһУ౾Ѿǵ飬ٴθͷ
ļңļңԺһֱļҡ
һº
պ͵ľٺһУû֪ʮǰһۡԴϼ壬ٴӭˡ
ľΪԴϼĹܼңʨΪ˻죬Ҳүү
Ժһ죬ʹԴϼ塣
үȥתתҸ·ʨ˵ţմԴϼĴš
䣬ҴһЩĻȻ㶫Ѽһ¡룬ҪҲ뿴ԼʱסĴǣڱʲôӡ
ʨ˵ͷȻȴǵҾүӦһЩŮˣԴӼ֦ܿɢҶ
⻰շһۡ
ʨֵľܼѾүˣԴӳ治ټŮҪ֪ܼ޸үҪ
û˵ԼֻвһԪΪϣм˿Լ
̫뵱Ȼˣľܼ˵һ£׾ˣҾˣҲа취Դϼ´УȻԴϼʹ룬Լİ취ϾãҲһҪŮ˲УʱһҲԡ
ʨȻͷ㲻ʲô˼
˳˸ۡƳһۼ帮ۡ꣬Щ棺Ե꣬ʲôʱ򿪵ĵꣿ
ն̫УΪϣѧԺΪ
ʨ˰ǲˣӦжʱ˰ɣǰǰɡ
ǰ
ҡҡͷôõĻʱ֪ѧԺѧԺ
뿪֮Ե߳һһŮǺ˪
ţ˵ԴӳǵһֽĹ࣬ζرòһˣȥ
Ĺô˵һʳ࣬ȷʵء
˵ţųĶȥ

һ֮
үȥģʨҪȥҪ·
첻ȥģҾʹǸܱۡ߿ǰҲҾĵط˵ţֱԵȥϴǵûȥɣһЩˣæЩ飬еС
Ŷүʨ˵ţպ档
Ե꣬ӵС̣Щ档
ſվվ˽뻹Ǿ˽ȥ
ʱһ鰸ߣһ֪ʲô鼮ˣ˿Ҳ̧ͷֻڵ鲻һСʱһҡ
СӣǼүɶ̬ȣʲôöװʲôߡʨЩޣߺߵ
Ҳǣʱ̧ͷ˿ʨ
˵ţһ־ͳһƣʨͱ档
ʨŽƺȥһӽûκ飬ȴһƨ˵ϣֱ۶ѿˡ
Ҳ˿գͿ飬ô
ɫأ˵ͷ˿ʨʾȻȥ㿴
ʨһ£Ҳ֪㲼һסԼ˵һλ
û˵ʲôͬԴӳɶʱ
꣬ƺĲ򵥡
濴ȥһͨ꣬ɴ濴ȥȴǱж죬ǰһ綼֮С
㲻ʲôˣûиоʲôΣգҲͱż֮֮뷨顣
һǰ鼮ɵۡ
¾
±ƣʲô
ǵƿһҳʱЩɵۡ
ɵǳǳ֮ʼ֮ĸ
Ų֪е˼ȴǾĪ⣬ͨƪ¾ҲͿȼ䣬ȻЩƣˡ
Ҫȥһʱˣˡ
˵ţ˵ͱ˳ȥ
ʨճȵүôˣҸոտħˣһ
ճĬһ£û£

ڶһ͵ˣȥ֮˵ҵĵ¾
죬Ȼˡ
죬Ȼˡ
죬Ȼˡ

ʮ֮ջڿŵ¾ԵѾÿȥĵط
֮Ȼˡ
֮Ȼˡ
һǧ֮˵ڶ顣
ʱһһ¾㿴˿һǧ꣬Ȼһˡ
˵ʵ¾ڵ۹ѾʲôӵĶ
ǶڸոսӴ֮Ļȴһˡ
ǼֱΪմһµĴһ
ϰ壬һǧˣ˵ĵ仰ЦЦҵ˼Ҳ˼
ôЦЦʵи˼ñ϶ܺ˭
һɫ΢䡣
˿ǣ֣صһ㶼֪˭
˵ţŤͷߣԥġ
ƲƲ죬ˣŶôЩѧȽϿɰ㡣


1937 Ƹ
ΪջᱻŵˣͲˡ
ǣ´ˡ
ڶһյʲôûзһˡ
ҲǣҲ˵Թ˵ȥˡ
¾Ѿٿˣһ˵ڶ飬Ȿֽƪİʮš
Ȼֻƪһ֧
ʵ֮ǰע⵽ˣǰһʮܣа˸ǰաƣġŵ˳򣬶ƪƪģÿһֶгİٱ飬εƪƪҲﵽٶ౾ƪʣµĻСħƪƪҪƪٶ౾
ˣԹ˵Ŀ
ָĵǿռ䣬ƪİʮšҲˣ潲Ĳ֮ͨ飬һЩµĿռۡ
ԼʱһǴ˿жƪİʮšǾЩɬѶ
ǰԼʱյˣڿȴԼ̫뵱Ȼˡ
ʱûô򵥣ʱ뵽˺֮֮ô׵ؾʹȻ֮ʱյԶȻɵúܣԼʱշ
ǰ̫Դˡ
ʱȥǧ꣬ǧ棬ҲͿˡƪİʮš
ǧռˡƪİʮˡƪİһʮ
һռʮƪƪ
ʱٿƪˣƪ
ƪַΪƪƪƪƪԪƪʥƪƪƪʮ
һƪƪǽ˺Ϊɣսϵ¾ݣȻ߰˰ˡ
һ쿴Ҫ뿪ˡ
Ҫˣ֪ͨһ飬ҪˡЦЦһֱڿ鼮
Ȼգ˭أ
ܵա
û취ôҲһˣʵ׬ǮǿգҴѵ̳ȥҿͦϲģûȤˡ
һ£鼮
ǵͷȻ
ճĬûֱӴӦܾ⡣
ҿǿǡ
˵ţ߳ſڡ
ʨ˿̻ʲôЩصӣүǲǻ쵰ϰ˵ʲôˣ
ʱһ飺ʨ˵꿪аˣ
ʨԥһ£ǵ˵ͷԼоȥܾˣҲа˰ɡ
϶ģˣҸоǼҩĵ̶û꿪ʱãǼҩĵ̶˿һˡʨͷүôˣôЩŵ⡣
ҡҡͷ꣬ôаֻ꣬ǿŤתԴӳǶԵʱѡ
ʨ±ƣ֪˵ʲô
ջͷֱ꣬͹ֵġ
˵˭λ֮ôȻǣΪԼͺֹ֮Ǻ֮һ㶼ܲ
˺֮˭
ˣȻȥ
ľԼµϰݣֻҲ̫˼ˡ
뿪ĴҲرˡ
ڡ
Ϲղµˡ˪ЦЦ
ûвµҲ˾ŲʮˡҲνֻǹһѡģĲҵ룬ҲûʲôˣʱҲˣ̳ȥ֮Ǿ͸ûѧԺˡ롣
һȽϵˣɱ䣬ӦԼıģ񾳽ĲңԶˡѧԺѧԺɾֶһλ񡣡˪
Ǻγ֪Ȼúһ
ΪĲǽ졣
̷գȴǰƵѧԺߡ
һһ£նûٹԵҲճţʲôûзһ
ºһ죬ˡ
ôþˣˡǿ˿գЦЦ
ҽĻʲôճ
ôõ飬ǧôûһͼı
ֻΪüֵ
ЦЦ鰸óһݾᣬһЩ㵡
ƸԴϡΪѧԺͼԵһϰ壬ЧֱԴϡսᡣ
ѧԺԺ졣
Ժǡ
ʱ䣺XXXա
ؼĻȻֽ濴һӡ£һȨȵӡ¡
ӡ£̫Ϥˡ
ǸȨȣȨӡһģһ
оԼǸȨͶӰƺҪɳ
ȻˣֻҪԼǩƸ飬Լ֮еȨͶӰͻ뿪ҲָܻΪ
ЦôǩƸ飬һԼʧȥĶ
һ̣ԥˡ
ѧԺΪˣְһָΪƸ鶪ǰʲô
Ƹ飬ûбԻָΪļͷԡ
ΪˣҪԭġ
Ȼµӡڣôͱ̡
ƣ¶һεЦݣ˼Ҿܾ
һ£ȻЦˡ
ľǩˣҵЩƸˡ˵ţƸ飬飬Ҳٹˡ
ԥһ£˿鼮һܼô
ǰ˰֣ɣɡ

Ϲˡ˪˿꣬
߰ɣҲû壬˼ѾµݣһԸǩƸ飬Ҫװװ֣Ǿúװװ˵ţģΪѧԺһԱģֻҪžˡ
̤ɫǺ˪뿪ˡ
ڶ죬ˡ
ǵ̵ſţȴûˡ
üʱ鰸Ϸŵһǩ
Դϡգʱ㣬ɶʱͨˣѧԺҡ
ǱǩǱǩȴһĻΪ˷ɻҡ
߽꣬տ˷鰸ľᡣ
ȻˣƸȴˡ
ճĬãǼ飬ʽΪʱϰ塣
ʱȥת۾һǧꡣ
Щ棬һֱڿԵ鼮Щ鼮֮Ϊ䣬ǧ
ҲֻǶ˲ٱ
ˣоԼջѾôѧĶˡ

硣
ˣҵˣҫԴӳǡһȫŽӰŵǰĲǱˣǶ
ˣҵһˣҪ֮ǰʩϵʹ࣬ʮĻ˷ޱȵ
ϴ֣ɱ㹻ˡ
ֵö߳֡
հգҲн졣
ߣһȥ뿴Ǽһĵӡ

һӰҫ֮⣬Ѹٸҫ档


1938 үܣ
ҫ֮ڣλ΢΢ü
ôǿϢӿҫ棬ǳʲô顣
ջ֪ЩԼ棬ȫĵжµǧ䡣
Դϼ壬ľΪܼڲԴӼеĻϾһǱҪе
Դϼ壬ʮˣȴʮĻӡ
Դϼֻ磬Ҳֻвǧˣ⻹Ǹյġ
סǵʲôүṩԴӵġľЩǲ࣬ΪߵĶﵽԲ񾳽磬ҰĲС
ľѱǣΪʵ
Щ񾳽磬մյĹ⣬Ҳ硣
һҫҲǼǿĴڣϾҫʮλ
СطСطϴûȡľﰵ棬٣洦ɼһЩ츳ǿЩʱȥʱյʸûСҫ棬޼һЩʵǿĻû˸С
ǧԴϼ廤ͷЩ
ʵܽ뵽ԴϼѾ׬ˣѧϰ˲ǿĹ
ֻ츳ˣ̵Щһһǧ
ˣȵɡľŹЩҲ֪еڣЩҪôߵ츳ﻹСطͽ洳ˡ
ʨҲɴ⣬ǽˣȻԼҪѵ

ҫ浽ˣԴӳǸ򡣡
ȥ
ԷһȰⷽڿʼҫֻ׼ܳ
ɵƯվ߶ˡ
ȲҪȶߵٶ֡
ҲԣɱգЩǱѹĺòҡ
ˡ
֪ʱ˭˵һ仰˶һ
ֻԶһ˺ҫľϵǿƵĴ˽
ĵطǰյĹ磬͸뵽ն㵽նôꡣ˵š
͵ˡһŮЦ˵ţŮҲһλߡ
ۣվܾ㣬澡ʧΪЦʲôо˿ǰŮӣﻹЩɵġ
ϲգڱȴձܣͿʼǧټƵգա
Ů˼ݶĽ
ֻɱҵĳ裬ܱϴˢ۵Į˵š
ߣҪҪһҴ͡һ˿ˣץһսа׳ͷһţƺǵմȾѪһ
ʳѪôĺòãղǿͷôڼǳġȴЩģһҲѹտͷ
ҲʳѪԶһ㡣
ֻǿҵͷôʳҪľͷΪͻƵ񾳽һԪʳѪ˵ţı֮һޣ֮ΪʳޣҪľͷձԣհͷΪǵһ磬ʱͰպ޵ġ

λߣʮһλҲǺŸָìܣ޲ɱն졣
ն죬Ѿܰݵ֮ˣ˵츳У˵ǱǸn߽ȭͷգһһҪɱա
հգˡҲڰţúʹ졣
ߣ
ͺһλʮһλԴӳǶȥ
ҫ棬صļλǾޱȡ
ô£ʮĵϢǿѵ񣿡
ģҫʲôֵôǿһ϶ǳˡ
ոЩϵɱ϶Ҫսǿߣ𱻲ˡ
ߣ뿪ҫ治ȫˣλܰҫˡ

ˢˢˢӰ׷׵ҫ档
մ˿̻֪ЩΪϣЩĸ֪ҲѾ˲񾳽硣
һ˻ǸܵˣǾǵľѸٵķգ鿴һ
ѾһֺܲõԤС
ˣոǰǸϹnָָȻЦϹտ϶ڣȰץˡ
ľϹʲô츳վȻҲ쵽硣ЩмɱľҲǺܾˣ̵ʱľٸҳ֣ˡ
ľ˲ԣϤϢ̿֡
ˣҵҫ硣
ôȥľЩյĳӦöѾգյ鷳ˡ
ȻˣЩ˸ûǡ
үܣ
ľһȵľͳԵȥ
ȥΧѾ˸һУΪľǷֹͨ籨š
ܣܡ
ʳѪĮһЦȻŵľͷͷȻռ䣬һӾͰѵľǰ
Ȼ󣬵ľϵѪҺۿɼٶʧҲǱһŰֽ
˵㣬ϾѪҺζǲġ
ʳѪѵľһߣʧȥȫѪҺĵľ˲̱ˣӲĸá
nʱһŲ˵ľԴϣϹôϣȻҲԼ磬ھǸ㳥۵ʱˡ
˵ţnһŲ˵ľؿڣֱ˵ľȫĹͷ
û˹ͷûѪҺľһ⡣
Ȼnץľѳһİš
߰ɣղǵĿꡣ
˻֣Ըľյˣֵ֡
Ҳһǲм
ҲʳѪּĵ񣬲ŻԵľµȥ֡
Դӳǵˣ
˵յĹ磬и뷨Դӳǵ˶һ˰ɡ
ǻҫˣܰյĺۼĨĸɸɾ
Ϊն϶հɡ
ʮ˵ţһɼǿѹԴӳǣдԴӳǵɪɪ
һЩȽС飬ֱӱ飬ˡ
ô£˭
öˣ˶Դӳʩ񼶱ѹ
ܣ

Դӳ棬˷׷ߣȴǱһ֮ǽסˡ
˵ҪЩ˸ᣬ뿪
ʱҲо˲ԣߵſڣʱͿʨӸ֮ۡг˳
үˣǡץ˵ľܼҡ
ʨָָϣʱڿ˶ˣʱһ
ô
Ҳգ˻ʮ˾䵽Դϼſڡ
գ˭
nţѾľӣȴӦ˵ľϢ
һ˲䣬ɫףҡΣɱֱʡ


1939 ޷ͷ
ӣ˶Цˡ
ˬ̫ˬˡ
գҲн졣Цǵ⣬Ϲôҿ㻹мʵ
̫ҧȴûбŭͷԡ
ⲻǺѧôЦһǸգѾôֻҪҹ£ϵҵǸҿԿǷϹ
ʱҲڴĿգǹǲ
һе϶ûˡ
үܹգ֮ӣľţԴϼļ̳ˣôܹЩСˡһŭ𣬾Ȼǵľ귢
ɫ԰ס
ľΪʮԪȻľԳˣ֮ĸѾ͡
ʨһߣҲǷŭޱȣ֪ԼǸСʲôˡ
ڻװߣǶġnߺߵֺݺݵڵľϺݺһ£ʱľĲҽУϵʹܲס
nߣóľ깥
ס֡
ҲȥˣŭȵǲҪҹôҪôãֻҪܷ˵ľҹ򣡡
ʱЦˡ
Ҫ
ҪǹˣջǸô
үҪ
үǺƴˡ
ֹҪȥʨȻ󻺻سŶȥ
飡
˫ϥŵأ涼ȥ
վȻ¹ˣЦǲţȻһҲ¹
ǶġŤͷˣôϵġ
˼˼ûʳѪͷȴǾһʳԽԽζˡ
ǣҲǸоһڶ
ָоĺˬ
ˣ
ͳԼΣֻҪܾµľ
ľ˿̵궼ڿڷΪүȻЩ¹ˡ
˰ɣ˰֡
ãҷˡ
n˵ţץŵľȴǶһ֮һףȻһž͸̽˶ӡ
ˣôܡ
Դӳǵ˶Ҫ

տһĻҪˡ
ˣ
n߾ȻѵľˣǾȻ˵㻰
Ҳ¶һЦݡ
գʮϹôˣһˡԣܾңҵʹҪ˵ҲǴЦݡ
Ҫɱǣɱǡ
սظоľϢľ걻n߸ˣľʬҲ䵽nߵ磬Ϊnߵ֡
֮еȨͶӰȴһסһˡ
̫ˣΪľ
ʳѪһԿЩģߣҶġ
nڨڨ˵
ʳѪʱգͷ̲ٵĵرˣΪȻϣһѪҺ϶ζ
˵ţʳѪץ˹ȥһɿֲޱȵգҪոץȥ
ʳѪ˵ǱʵҲǿյѪҺΪǿԸΪ
ү
ʨһĺţȻշֱʮ꣬ԼһֱԴϼˣүЧҶ
ΣΪյػޣٴʮǰһȥ
ʳѪҪץѪǿǰͻȻһӬ񣬷һƾǴ˳ȥ
䣡
һƣֵһҲʨԵֿġ
ʱʨ屻ķѣȫϣˡ
ͬʱֵһ֮£̡סȫΪ촷ۣӦûУ˲
СԴӳǣΪһƬ档
մĿһĻԵޱȵ¡
ΪʲôΪʲô
ɱҾͺˣΪʲôҪɱˣ֮˵ıĿô
жµǧ䣬˿Ѿ֮ǰǸˣһеı˼롣
Կô޹֮ΪҲŭҲɱˡ
ꡭ
ȻһޱصҲһ
ֵԴӳǶٵˣԵ꾹Ȼš
ջͷȥҲЩס
껹ڡ
ڣ˿̻ɢҫ۵Ľ⣬Ǳ紵һһִз˳Ȼ󲻶ϵתԵ궼
ô£Ҳһע⵽Ǹ֣Ե꣬˭֣գ
ҲɫйŹ֡
һʥࡢΰ嫵ĸо
գǲĹnŭ
û˵ʱֻ鰸֮зɳһᣬ䵽ǰȻ󻺻򿪡
ͬʱ֮Ͷһ⣬С
ʲôɱ㡣nʵǿȥˣŹ֣ʵ̫ŹˣʲôŹֻ֣Ҫɱգһжһ˰ˡ
һȭ˹ȥպ񿴶ûпһ
յĿȫŵ˾ϡ
ҪǩƸô
ѯԼǩһԼҲױ̣׷ǰԼԺҲҲ޷ͷ
ǩĻȻһľĳûʨĳûиҪ
һѵľ
ʮֻ꣬һꡣ
䣡
nߵһȭ䵽ǰĽ֮ϣʱһΰͶ˲nߵĹ
飡
nߵɳȥֱ۷顣
ޱȵĿ꣬Ҳһ
nߵΪ磬ѾӽˣǾȻķֱۡ
ǰʲôĵտǵõʲôĻԵջ֪ĵơ
УҸоǶЩ£ҿյƺԥ֪ԥʲôüЩԣ꣬ɱա
áͷٵˣ̫ŹˣѾһֺܲõԤС
ͬʱ֣ʮһλҲЩȻ
Ȼǿ񣬿˳׵Ҳһģ˾Ȼͬʱճ֡
ɼҲǸо˲ԡ
䣡
˵Ĺ䵽Ե棬ĽʢȻס˵Ĺ
޲ɵۣȻǵĹҲסˡ
ҲһǺȻ
Ҫֹ֪֮£˵ǣҫ涼ǳһѷ졣
굽ʲô
շӦ˹žᣬڣѧԺԺӦݰɣ㣬ô
˸֪˵ʲôҲ֪ˡ

ŭҪǱշˣǵĺӡ
ٴιʮһλҲͬʱ֡
ҲܵˣԵķҲ쵽ˣʱЩЦЩʲôã
ǾʱǾ澹Ȼظһ֡
ӱļɡ
Ҳ֣˲һ
ӱģ
ıʲôǰһֱھᣬھʲô
ģ̧ͷĿųʮˣ˵ĻҵıľҪɱǸľ𣬸ЩǺ˱𡣡
˵ţЦˣұҪĴۣˡ
ԥҧָƸȻȻдԼ֡


1940 Ҫ
ֻԼд֮󣬷ҫ۵ɫâذյѪҺ˽ȥ
Ҳɫ΢䣬ǸоһΣ
Ǵ˿ǸͣɱգһҪɱգȻǸоԼҪꡣ
䣡
˵Ĺ䵽Ե۵Ľ֮ϣʱҲŲסˣҡˮһһ顣
Ҳʱոоĳַˡ
֮УԺȨȵͶӰţһһѸʱҲоԼѸٻع顣
Ϣǿ񾳽磬磬ֱ񾳽ȥ
ԺȨȫ֮󣬾ͻΪһ׹յ֮з˳
˿һĻҲǾޱȡ
յΪָˡ
죬ɱ
ţģôܣյΪôָܻ
ոϾˣǰԺȨͶӰԺȨͶӰȻƸ飬ವһ»Ϊһʧˡ
ƸӦȥѧԺ
ž
ʱҲˣȻⲻϵա
ոʧõûм٣øӵľˣ֪⻹ѧԺԼĲ
£Ѿ޹ؽҪˡ
ĿĶˣһȭǺ˳ȥ
ֻоռһһɾ޴ޱȵϯǣͰǺ˳ȥ
ǶҪ
˵ţЩɱ˵ľܻš
Щ˱
ȳn߶ȥ
n巢̿ޱȣΪôָˣˣңҡ
֪ԼյĶ֣ȣͬʱŶȥ
ȴǸnߣɫʳѪۣѾ׵գ첻ǻָΪҲûһս֮
ʳѪ֪ܲЩտǽӽĴڣɱգҲ븶صĴۡ
һһܣ֮Ҫ˲ܡ
ֹ
һ˲䣬˶Ŀ࣬ʱ˭
nȴǼˣ˻֣ⲻǰԼȥô
ʱ侲ֹ
տŻܵnߣͺһ
ֻΪģһʱ֮ɢʹΧʱջضֹͣһ
n߱ۿžҪ˶ԱߣҲǱһ

ʱһץһץץסnߡ
Ȼʱ侲ָֹˡ
nԼѾ䵽ʧɫգҴˣŹңŹңҲˣǸҸ¹򡭡
ֻÿЦ̫ˡ
飡
պԥnߵ壬nߵҲ˲
nߵ֮Уץnߵ֮ҵ˵ľ壬˿Ѿnߵʴ롣
ɱ
ľȻ˶һȫʬЩ˶
ٴγ֣һ˰ҫ棬ҫ涼ˡ
˭뿪
ǸϾɱ
գ̫ݶˣɱǣλ治Źġ
գϹһˣ㲻Ҫ嶯ΪָˣֻҪص̣㻹Ǹߡ

Щˣ׷в
̣ΪһܻصȥôЦˣҲ޷ͷˣѾǩѧԺƸ飬ôȥ
̣˴֮Ҳͳ׾ˡ
ɱ
ԥĳ֣һﲻһ㣬׷ױɱ
ҫ棬ѪƯ䡣
ǿѪҺһζ䵽϶Ѵһ
ҫ֮ڣ鶼ڲš
ǿһѪգһ
ҫľϵǳһѷ죬յǿռѷ죬ҫҪһ
ɱ
ŭȵһһս
һһ̣ѸסգһһҪո
켫̣
һǲݿռ֮ﵽ˳㼶ļ
ڶⷨȫ˷ˡ
ΧסԼĿռ֮ȴ뵽ԼġƪµĿռΪָ֮󣬾Ȼռһ֪
ʱʳѪҲˡ
һ£Ȼ³һ׶ӣ׶˲ֻΪǧڣÿһ涼һСǧ
׶
ɫ䣬ʳѪ㼶ˡ
Բ֮۳Сǧ֮һ
ڣҲֻ൱һɵѡ
˳ˣȻҲ⡣
ץסһѱӣһ˦һ˦֮£ձ飬һճϯա

˴ȵͬʱϡ
ɾʱȴһЦָһ㣬ΧʱٺȻ
˲ʲôޱȡ
ôܣʱ֮ôҲǵϣ
֮ͬڣʱ֮ǵӰӦúСŶԣⲻܡ
һյΪǿˡ

ʱ֮һֺǿƿء
¾ˣһΪľѹƣñնԸnߣȻıԷʱٻѡ
˶񾳽磬ڲʱ֮ȴܸıǵʱˣֻһֿܣնʱ䷨ˡ
տŻҵˣʱĳơ
ĹǺȥģȴȵϣ˿Ѫȫɳȥ
գ
ŭݣΪʲôǰûôǿģ
ʳѪҲţȻյûӣԸȴ֮ǰһȴˡ
յȷǿˣ
Ϊ
˵ţͷ˿Ե꣬ȻЦûҪ֪ЩˣЩǲ׵ġ
ٴγ֣ȫǺ顣
ʳѪȱնϣһӾͱץסͷ
ס֣Ҫնҵͷ
ʳѪ̿ޱȣͷǾһ
Ц͵һץͰʳѪͷק˳ȻʳѪһץȻץһӣ֮ʳѪֹȥ飬һץ֮£ӱϣеһжΪ˷顣
ۣ
ʳѪһѪ˳Ӱ֮е䡣
ʱ䳤ӡ
һ£ѣ˵ʱշǿץסÿһ˴ڵʱ켣Ҳνʱ䳤ӣȻ˵Ĺ켣Ϊû˴ڵĺۼֱӾͻᱻĨɱ
ǰǾԲġ
ˡ
ֱӴʱĨʳѪڵĺۼʳѪʱ䲻ˡ
ȻǸһ£ʳѪӡǾȻһʧֱΪޡ
ֵˡ
ЦţŶȥǶѾ˵ӡ
оڵգѾ
Ҳֻһɱˡ
գǱ˵ˣټ˶Ƕ֡
ӣ
һȴǶ˵ģ˷ֿӣҲȥ׷ۣܻ


1941 Դ
Ҳˣʱߣ˵ܻһ
ʱǶ
˵ţ˻Ϊһ⳯ҫľϵȥ
һ£ȻȴЦ˵ǶҪ˭Ӳ
ӰһȻһΪһ۶ȥһŶȥ
֮
ڵ̨õľһ
Ȼûѧ֮Ǵµǧ֮УҲĦеİء
˿һΪÿһΪ磬ɵ
ˣҲǷֻ൱һʱ仯һǿռ仯
պ۶ǾޱȣֶӦѧԺͨ
һ˲˾ˣֲԵֲָܻ꣬ΪԭѾͶѧԺ
գ㱳̣
ŭȵôôô
ȴЦǶҪɱˣұˡ
ʱѾסۣһץץסۣץһʱ䳤ӡ
۵켣ȫչʱ䳤֮ڣ۴˿ҲǾޱȣܹоʱ䳤һ飬Լ֮еĴڵĺۼҲᱻĨȥ
ʳѪǶ
գŹңϲ㣬ʱĵġ㲻ɱңܣ
ŭ˿ĸо˺ڣ֪ͲΧɱˡ
ֻÿЦŮԴԼܾԼΪѣڸɱԼԼŹ
ôܷŹ㡣
˵ţһѾ۵ʱ䳤ӡ
ۣ
һѪ³سյȥӡҲһʧ
ʱͷȥĿռ仯Ѿס˶Ļֻߡ
Ѿˡ
գ֪ԼʲôɱǣһŹġ
ǰգ䡣
û뵽ջܷ
ǾɱҰɡ
˵ţ˶ΧĿռ䣬ȻŶץȥƺһʱ䳤Ҫץȴֻص˶塣
ΪȻʱ䳤ӵΪҲﵽ۷塣
տ޷ʱĨɱŶǺȥĿռ֮һӾ˶塣
գɱңҲܿҵġ
ŭţоԼѾˣ屻ϣʵ󽵣ûзĻˡ
Ѿɡ
㣬ǿһˡ
һץץס˶Ȼ͵һ
䡣
飬ҫ涼ˣ硣
ҫ˿̶Ǿޱȣո˭

ճһ֮ƮѪ꣬˳ˮ
ɱλʮһλһ̾ԲܷŹġ
ڡ
ľҸ㱨ˡ
ţ۾ʪ
֮Уռѷڻرպϣҫľϵ˶ѺۣȴǶʱָܹġ
ڵҫ棬һĴ©ķӡ
Ҫ뿪ˣ̵λϾ͸յϢʱһҵġ֪֪ε鵽ֵжΪһԪ棬񶼲λȴǱɱλ
ټǩѧԺƸ飬ѧԺʲôϵѾûκ·ˡ
ǰҫ棬ϾĹ硣
汾ʹڱıԵԼ뿪ûǨŭҫ棬Ҳֱܻܿӱ
ϾҵĹ磬ԴϼأҲλġţжµǧ䣬ڡƪᵽһˡ
ҫ洦ռ䣬һ汾Դ϶ᱻɵ
ҫ飬лģֻ
ԣˣĻǾԲܻġ
˾ҫ棬ס棬Ȼâһʧˡ
ҫ汻Ųˡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ڴ˶˵Ϣ
ǶѶϢ
֮ɫ˺ѿռҫڵλãѾտҲ
գ
֮ŭţɱȻ
Ϊ˻ָΪȻͶѧԺںεء
ͨ棬׷ɱͽգݣ
涼Ϊ֮𺳡
ºԴ֮Գ֣ûҵյټ˾Ǵʧһ
ʱӡǣڵĺۼʧһɶ


棬ĳ֪ƫԶش
һֽ꣬Ե꣬ϰһӡ
ÿ鰸ǰ棬飬дд֣һͨһſȴһ׶ߵСʨӣСʨɹ̫
ү
һȻ𣬶ڿӣȻһ
ȻգվЩοˣʨ
Сʨһ֮ǰɢϳһɿµ֮Χǲ
ˡ
˵ţСʨϵϢ
ˣһΪѾˡ
ʨ뵽Դӳһ췢飬λ̵ʮλ٣ҫˡ
ľܼˣΪԼҲˣû뵽Լȴ
ˣд棬ֻȴ˳֮Ужƪвת֮ͰתСʨϣѾˡս͵Ȼָǰļ䣬ΪʲôȴǲˣڵΪҲֻǸող⾳
ӴԲ񾳽䵽⾳ʨЩʧ䡣
ܻţѾǺˡ
үʲôģʨ˿ܣɻ
ʲôջһ죬򵥵İ龭ʨǱ߻ǧС棬׷ɱѾʱ䷨ʱ䳤棬ԼĹȥûйȥĻǾ֮ͨ޷ҵǵλãǻ㰲ȫ
ʨȴǾպˡ
үôȥѧԺѧԺѧԺӣǾ;԰ȫˡʨ⡣
ȥռҡҡͷڲȥ񾳽˵ɡ
մʨ˱ҫ档
Ѿָ߰˰ˣԴӳҲָԭ
ƺ귢飬ԴϡҲسΪһִ˵
һƹ棬һһЩС˵ǰ֪ôλʮһλ汻ɱˣɱǵĲǱˣԴ档
һȺСǺǴЦš
ߺߺߵЩСƨҪţԴǿߣΪʲôôŨΪʲôô죬ǶҪлԴ棬Ϊѻɱλʮһλͷŵȫ뵽档
Сǲţȴ˼
Ϊй˶֪ȷһ£Ǽµҫ㱻
Դô
ૣʵΪԼᱻΪ档


1942 Դ
ÿһǿߵһ磬Լķš
棬Դ֮ǧ֮֮Ƿš
֮ķţһ㲻񣬸ҷš֮
ûôûнˡ
ôƺԼȻҲ⣬ԺͻƵ񾳽Ļ˵Ҫ̳š
Դ֮
񾳽磬ʵҲֻһˡ
ȱһᡣ
Ψеȡ

ѧԺ֮У˪ЦЦôջǲԸѧԺô
ЩΣΪǩƸ飬϶ҪѧԺְˣ˭֪һҵһƫƧС棬ԵһİԼϰ壬ѧԺ顣
ѾƸˣһﻹǰôǺε˵ţˣԸԸȻǩѧԺƸ飬Ҳˡ
˵ţҲЩй
Ѿˡ
˪ʱ򿪿ڣһ˵ͷ
صѧԺֱµ
ЩһֱھӪ쾳ǿҲﵽ˽ӽľ磬ֻҪһᣬͻƵ߼ˡǶָƣһͻƽ߼硣
ٴɱʱҲͻƵʱ
ʱӦò̫
ѧԺоѾҦܣһˡ૵ʵЩ棬Ϊ׼ʥĹ߷Ѿϵͳˣֻһֱûнѡ
ǰҲѹ߷
˴˱ǾֻҪͻƾˡ

ˡ
糤ˡ
糤Ժ϶ǰео
ǰҦܶѾˣҲֵ糤ˡ

ǵĻҲڰ˼ǲô¡
ʱһ쳹ѧԺ
ѧԺоѧԺѧ꼶ѧУڼ䣬죬ɼȻ͵ѧԺоͶ⣬߷һʽͻƵ߼磬ǰоѧѧԺͬۺϿÿͬѧǷоλͬѧҪȣŬѧϰ
ǡԺ
ܲ˿̲סһıˣ
˵Ա˿Ѿǻ
糤ıˣ㡣
Ҿ֪糤һᱣ͵ģǲµĹȻ
糤㱻ͣҲзҸողһ£߷ʥķǵȽ׺ܸߵһ

˵ͷæţҪȥԺ
ͬһʱ䣬ѧǱ졣
ϹҲ͵ģоҡСȭͷɾʮ㡣
Ҳˣ⵹һ㲻⣬߷Ǿã绢ҲѧԺһͻƵ߼ѧţоԼļ¼Ҫˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰΣһͻƵĿɶ
ͻƣʵһЩ
оҲԽԽֵǮˣŬоǽֻǸոտʼѡҦܺߵȴһ㶼䣬߼Ҳֻһˣ֪˭ͻء
ؼǵһͻƾѧвƵĽһѧԺʷºŨصһʡ
ȻҲˡ
ԺɵҲҪСĳҪѧԼסţڵ˶װƾһ̫Ҫˡ
ԺʦҡСӢź

ǵİ칫ҡ
ǿڵȻӣȴԵúܳˡ

վ˹ת뵽ѧԺˣһ·㳤ġ
ĬѧԺ֮о֮ǰĹϵΪ֡
ѧԺĵһѧҲǵĵһӣûǾûڵ
ǶԵıȱչ˵ĸࡣ
ʥĹ߷֮ӦúܿͻƵ߼ľ磬ʱҪǵһͻƵ߼ģѧԺһʺܿɹ۵㽱õЩ㣬ȶһ츳ƬȡԼ츳漶ǽҲֻжʱԸ˵ôˣǾǸĸŮһѧֻʦԺôϸ¡
һ֮ڣһͻƵ߼硣֤
ҪԼôѹͻãͻҲٵȵȡЦЦ֪ǶڰϾƾϣҲ뵽УǺ£ҲԣҲΪ˽Ͼա
˵ͷǵ˼
˻ãȽ׳嶯ʱǾҪΪеͻƾ磬ӶԼһЩĻ
ˣ˹߷
ص쾳ʼ߷߷Ҳһʮķܸ֮ĺôǾ޴ġ

ϵͳ˹߷֮ǽû취Ǵ㴴һɾż
ѡһˣķ
ԭǿͨܶ࣬յͨʤñȴ
췽Ҫʱ䣬ڻء
ʱȥǧ
ͻƾ磬ΪѧԺһλͻƵ߼ѧѧԺʮ㣬̶츳漶
ʱȥ
ҦͻƵ߼磬ΪѧԺڶͻƵ߼ѧѧԺҦ츳漶
ʮͻƵ߼磬ΪѧԺͻƵ߼ѧѧԺ
һϣͻƵ߼磬ΪѧԺĸͻƵ߼ѧѧԺͬʱϣɲμѧԺоˣΪѧԺһλʽͨоѧѧԺ⽱
󣬳ԯΪϣƸ߽㼶ϣɽ
һʮСͻƵ߼磬ѧԺһ޹ǰأһ񾧡
ʮ󣬺ͻƵ߼磬ѧԺһ
ְͻƵ߼磬ѧԺһ

ѧԺԴӴѾٶʮˡ
ѧԺоҲѾ⡣
оȫͬоֻһǾһ汾ԴƵţλռľͷ
Ⲣ汾Դ򣬶Ǹһֶǳ֮ΪԴ
Դˣ
˪𣬶ʱվԴǰǻת
ǵ˵ͷţٿ
ѧԺ֮һʱĦԴǶԴʲôǲô
Կ϶һѧԺתҪȫԴṩġ
Դ֣ƺ̺ĳռء
巢룬Ӧ󡣡˪룬˵¡
ôҴ֪ʲôˡǳһ£Ȼ󻺻ͻƵ񾳽ʱˣɡ
˪һ˵ͷ
ͻƵ񾳽磬ѧԺٶһλ


1943 Դ
Ժ칫ңǼ
ڵһ˶װЩһЩʱӡ
ЩЦãЩ棬Ҳ˵顣
ΪǳĹ޷ͻƵľ磬ʵѾﵽ˽ɰ˼۷壬ͻƵĻȱһᡣ
޷ôûá
Щ棬ǹ̹ÿϾŽɽˮ
Ժ
ЦЦȻȻԱߵϡ
û˵ʲôԼ칫˲ٴΣȻҲûʲôнġ
һֱڽɰ˼ľ磬ͻֻҪһᣬھһܺõĻᣬܰסӦÿͻơҲֱӿżɽ
⻰𣬺ȻЩ
ͻƵɾż񾳽磬͵һˡ
ʲô᣿
ʵ˸ԵЩ
֪ô彻սʱһλսλ񱻳֮Ϊǽ֮ıһǳ֮һֲĹֲһǳ֮е۳һöӣöӱ֮ΪԴһǳ֮һҲֻ۳һöԴ񼶱ǳ֮۵Դ֮󣬱ضͻƵ񾳽硣
ЦЦڵĻ۵ԴѾҪ죬źܿͻ֡
ʱˡ
񼶱ֲ۵ӦȷʵԼͻƾ硣
ǳ֮ԼķҲǳҲϡ
ԵضΪԼ׼һ
Ժ֪ôˣԴ죬ҾȥȡԴͻƾ硣ʮ㡣
ûô򵥣ԴƲٵ񶼻֣嶼СҡҡͷǲΪһ򵥵飬֪ĳ֮⣬ѧԺйصĺñȿˡնпԴ
ΪĻᣬκ϶Ҫһ
ô롣
ĻӦóֲˣﻹ汾Դļ򡣡ǸӦһ£ǿȷġ
ǻáһ
ʲô顣
Ҳܳˣ˵ŸãɺҲܳ֡
ѾѧԺ룬ӦþǽģҴȥһ壬һһǺ꣬ⷽ鱨ȡԴĸʡĻϣܴ˽һʷࡣ˵ԼĴ㣬ǹʷ֪࣬Ѿ࣬һ
ԣʵһֱȥһ壬Ƚ⣬˵ȥݷõĻܻܾѧԺһѵõĻᡣ
Ȼԭ
ǸԼŹˣֲԼл
˵ۼ֮һطͽ֮棬Ҫǲȥһ£ǿɾĿϧˡǼʱЦãǷǱԼȥô̧ˡ
ԺȥôԴȻĹʵӦĶ˵ҪѧԺǶȡԴǸô죿ЩĵϾԴֻһöѧԺæȡԴѧԺǴӦǾܾ
ʱ±뽨꣬ȴΪ˳ˡ
İɣ岻ҪԴġǿ϶ޱȵ˵ȷ󣬵ʱֱӴӦǾͺˣӦҲѧԺһЩôҲһӦˣǧҪ
кôһ˲ɡ
ʰһ£׼ɡǻ˻֡

ȥ֮󣬰ͽ˵һ顣
ȥ壿
ԵΪĶ˵֮ĵطλһˣȥʶһˡֻǿϧǰûᣬϾ̫ˣ˽Ļᡣ
ǺǣֲԺᵽ˽ԭȥ翴
ѵã׼һ¾ͳЦЦʲôŲһˣҼǡ
ᡣֵԼò֪ģȻ󣬵Ҳ˵϶Ư
׼һ£ͳˡ
磬λӵռٷ֮һĽ
󣬵ҲԲС
ഫ֮ﵮʱǱֵĸ硣
ѣʵȺû֮еô
ڼ֮йλһλȥ񣬷Ϊǽ֮һλ棬Ϊ֮
ı֮еĵһ
ͽһµʱ䣬Ǵһ˿ܵһˣŵĽ
ǵˡ
ԵĿԸܵǰǱ˸ˣֶεһ档
Ϊ˱壬ҵһƬϢ֮ء
磬ô죬ǲӲȥɣ
룬ѯʵ
ЦЦȥַǱһ֮ϣȻһ˽ȥ
ѧԺоʦӦǰݷ塣
оԼѸٵʧˣʱԶĳɫĹ棬һŮӻ˻֡
ʱ˽
ѧԺˣȥǹ
ǣ棡

ʮ֮󣬴֮߳һٶˣΪ׵ҲһŮӡ
ŮӴɫĻʹڣŽţ֧µɫ쵽˼򣬺ǵ˵еľһ
һ
ҲɵۣôŮӣ涼ɡ
棿
̲סͺʵ˵һôܿǰɡ
ŮȴݸһЦҵ棬ε峤ǿԳƺΪʡ
ڨڨϴˣεġ
ʱһ£ҲʸΪ
ӽܵʩһ
ǵŶʿܲ⡣
ѧŽǻһ
ǸҴǽȥ˵ţһ㣬ͳһŻ磬Χʵ뵽֮Уһʱֻ֪ͬҪ磬ҲΣա
˵ͷ֪һЩ
ıֲȻҩ֮в˶׬ȡƸ
֮еĴܲΪṩһƬϢ֮أ˵дġ
ʣͽ뵽硣
һͽɵˣֻǰǸƵĹ޵Ĳ֪黨೤ǶǷӣƤһֲؼЩֲȣ·
⡭
ͽɵˣ̫Ԥˡ


1944 ۵
þûˣ˺֣Ǻһһ֪С翴ͽ˵
˵ˣĿˡһƵֲ˵ţƶһǧ׸ߣļҲ˵ĺܣһ
쿴߹ˡֲ׷ãʴЩѾǰ濪·ˡ

һֱǰȥȻָָһط
ô£౻סϲȱȫ
ҲüЩϰˣҲ塣
һ£ͽ˹ȥЩǽȻˣһЩרŲ׽ĲţһЩˣٶᱻЩ׽ס
˵ͷѧԺ˲ٵūūźͲ¡
֮еĲϵĲ࣬ūó׹˾ūŶ֮ע˹˾
ǲǺ֣Ϊʲôūŵ˲Ҳ׽壿ƺɻ
ū׬ȡ󣬲Ļߡ
Щūźȥ׽塣
ʱ򵭵ʵ棬һǧԪ֮ǰūó׹˾ѹū֮Ʋ׽塣ū֮棬ŴӦ顣
ʱˣԭĹ͡
֮еİ˴ϲ׽壬ʵҲԭûԸ档ʵ˵ţ֪ҪԣûĻ˵ѾΪΪĵҩ
ʣ̫ˣ̫ˡһ˲һֲʱץסʣ޳ˡ
ô£ü
С߱һԪľĽץסˣǽ֪СӳЧÿСϸһƬ⣬һֱиС߰ꡣѾǻۣиǵ壬ҲʹΪǵһģʹ໹ŴٱһӺ޺޵
ҲĬĬᣬֱץסҩһÿиʹࡣ
أʿЩȳֲ
ǸץҵҪƳҩ֫ˣֳ˺üݡ
Ҳͱˡ
ҿ챻ĥɷˣھʣԴˣء

ͽЩþ
ûеǻۻã˱Դֲôŭ
ûаǵǻ
һ·ͽȫһ磬̫ˣ˲ȥƻ
Ϊ԰Ҳ֮еΨһһƬ
ܿ죬ʴʹ
˵ʹʵһֲƵĹ𿴵һЩ
һЩǿ񾳽ֲפأһЩѧϰһЩǿڴ˻д衣
淦ˣҪټǡ
ʵ˵ţ⼸ĻǾʹס¡
ͽȻ˵ʲôʰš
ڶ죬һüͷΪһš
ѧԺˣӿƺЩӡ
ԣܸоӿЩˡ
ʱҲ˳磬ʲô
ҡͷ֪
ƺҲԼЩðεǸҽһ£һλѧߣԳƺΪѧ١
һЩȣӾȻѧ١
֮УһְλǾѧ٣ְλһ㶼ߣҲѧʶ˲ܵΡ
ãҽ𣬵ȷѧԺĿǰѧԺһλоʦܵӶԷˣΪоԼѧʶδܳλѧ٣Է涼Ӧѧ˵֡
ѧ٣Ҳǻۡ
ҽнӡŽܵ
ӭλʵжѧԺĵ伮ͨЩҶѧԺĻĺܺ棬ʦȻˣ಻ĵط֪ʦܷΪҽ󡣡ѧٺǫԭ
̣
֪ʵ˵һ۵
һǴѧԺģҪǾܾˣɾͶѧԺӡ
۵ô˭˭
ԡ
˵ͷʱҲЩأ֪壬Ķʱ䶷ӵײС
һ˵ˣĳֱ仯ܻӰ쵽Ժ
ȥѧ
ѧٴ𣬼˸һط
ЩȣΪλѧٸոʩչŲ֮ȻѧԺһͨԱ
ѧ֮𾪴ˣΪﻹ˾ŸˣžŸ˶һѺӵӣԵĶǺѧʡ
һȻоŸ
ҲЩɵۣʲôһʮô
ȿȣλߡ
ʦ
ЩѧҲǸŻ񣬶ǵӣԺ˽ѧԺǣʣԴ˲Ϥ
ʦ
ѧ˵ţʾ档
ΣڸǸѼϼˣʱҲԵЩ
ν۵ʵ˼ײһЩǿ˼ʵʵ
̣ʦأһסȴǷڣЩ
ѧˣʦȥѧ˵⻰һ飬ѧ˽ģȫһӣ𱻴ѧץס֪ѧҪʲô
ѧԺãѧ˲أʱҪǴˣɾͻˡЩģΪʹѧ˵ʱвٴζԷ
ҵ飬Ѹٵĳѧȥ
˿̣֮ѧپȲĿڵʦǾͿʼɡһ⣬ѧԺôߺĹϵ
һϤ
֮ǰͺ˵⣬ʱЦЦ뵽ǵĻش𣺡һ߾ǳ㣬ĴССַˮʡ
ѧٵһֻش棬δš
λѧҲȻϸһ룬ĺе
ѧٳһ£汾Դ棬ʲôã
νֱָģ̸棬汾ԴƲһ
ǲЩͳأ汾Դǵֳྻһϵͳ汾ԴϵͳͻٵƱػ⵽ȾҲܵӰ졣ڣ಻ǵ̣ٿռһԵȵ汾Դȫϵͳױٵиµ鷢
󳤹üͷû뵽ȻҵôĻش


1945 
ʱһλѧȴҡͷ˼汾ԴĴڶǻкôˣ
˵ͷȻкôģѧԺоóĽ
汾Դһ
汾ԴJCһûJCάΰʲôӡ
ֻǣѧδػᶮЩ治ҲΪ汾Դ˵һֽΪ汾ԴǲŻܵƣŻ޷ͻƾ磻ǵŻܵƣ޷Զȥ
ѵô汾ԴԺǰǵķչӦøô
⻰Цˡ
չ죬ô죿ͻƾӵףһ꣬ȫΪ˲࣬Ȼ룬Ժȫˣô˵ţЩЦλѧٸûʶԡ
汾Դֻѡ
ʲô˼ѧüû汾ԴƣʱҶûÿ˶ܳܳΪʲôõġ
ѧ棬Ҳϸš
ϾһλҲǶЩģ涼о⡣
汾ԴˣǺǻʵûܸһ׼ȷĴ𰸡
ʱ򻺻ʵҪشܼ򵥣Ҫһ⣬˵޵ģ޵ģ
һȺ˶ס
޵ô޾һԲܡ
Ȼ޵ġʱѧٿڵñһյС棬ڲ潻£еǹ̶ģҲ١
Ҳǵ˵ͷôˣе鶼ͻƵླ磬ֻһݽߣǺôôͻƾ磿Ҳ֮ǰĳ۽ͣһԽԽ࣬ԽԽǳݲô㡣
⡭
ѧסôµ⣬ȻôǳԵĵ͡
㣿
ˣǳܲôĸȻ⡣
̫ˡ
۵ĺأҲò˵еѧЩ
ʵҲԽͺܶ⣬ﵽһޣʱûа취ӱĵطȡҲֻ취һ֡Щ̫ˣɾˣǻôʱ䣬ȥľôˣǾҪĹϵͳЦЦ
󳤹ٶʱȻ
㣬˵˭˵ĲЩ
Ѿ£Ըⱻ
һìܣҪչͻƵ񾳽磬޷ô༶ǿߣȻ⡣ѧٻ˵ţѧԺߵĿôȻ࣬ҸоǶԵġ
ЦЦ˵ʲô
ʲô취ܽ⣿ѧ׷ʵ
ʱѧҲ
⣬ôǹؼ
ҲϸţĿ
ĬҪ˵ʲô취ʵ򵥵İ취ɢȥΪһɢڵ顣
˵ˣһ⾳ɢȥΪǲܵ顣
ְ׳յĴ𰸣Ȼ˵
ģԳ㶯֣Ǿֻ취ˣڵҪ棬ʵôɵġ
ģ뵽ľ˵һ֮⣬Ҳǳѡ
볬̫ˣ޷ѣЩͨ˾͸ˡ
ҳѵҲֻǸˣһѡ
ԥһ£ǰЩ˵˳
ԭˣ汾Դԭôѧٳһ£һЩ顣
汾Դһ뵽һĿģѧ٣֪汾Դ˽٣ܸ֪ܲһ
ѧһüͷ΢塣
˵ʵ汾ԴѾһɣЩƾõ鶼Ըἰ顣
治ܸ֪һЦҿǶô࣬嶼ôô˵ֻһЩȥ飬ֲҪǵĹôɵô

ѧ̾һǲԸ⽲ǵ̫˷ˣڶɻ֮
ȴǲģֻҪ֪ĸҾУĲܣԼֱ档
ѧٿԸֻõǺãҾͺ˵һ֪ġһͨͨͨģʱʶһ飬ԭ沢Ψһģ֮⾹Ȼ档ȥ棬ʵǺǿԵʱǾһҪռ档
˵ѧͣ
Ȼ˵ɣΪǸʱڹˣ֪ʱж
ʱļʼҪϷһĽˡ
ֱ
ǺʽֵʱǲŷԶûô򵥣иǿߣ̫ǿˡǸȻѾˣ붼¡֮УʮλǱһɱʱ֮һ˵ʱѧٵĿЩ˸
ʵڣкܶණѾ޷׷ˣñǸͨôֵģֻżȻֵģܡΣʵôǿ廹ôһλǿǿߣΪʲôȥʵʱ򣬾Ȼûз֣˭ЩУ汾Դ򵽵Ϊʲôɵģײʱ򣬳û汾Դ򡣡
ѧһԵİЩ˵˳ʦЩܲ򵥣涼δȫ֪ҿԿ϶һ㣬ı
˵ͷѧԺһֱҲڵ鵱࣬ԽǵԽǾ˷롣
ƺвٵ˵顣
ѧٳһ£ʦո˵֮ʱҿֹǲǻʲôû˵ģ
סû뵽ѧپȻ񣬲Ȼĵط
ѧҲһѵн֮
ʱЩأ˵֣٣
٣
ѧǲе˼
Ը˵ʱһ˽
ʦ롣
á
ظѧһת뿪
磬ոպ磬Щѧ˵һһ㶵ģҿ˵ѧٶѧʶˣߡλѧ٣ܶҪϵˡЦЦ
˵һһ㶵ģҪվĽǶȲͬĶҲһҲܺŪסǡλ治֪ʲôӣòúŪҡҡͷ뽪һһȥ


1946 
Զһ޴Ĺ֮С
ȫɫɣһɫû̫Ӱ䲻
ֻЩɻ󣬲ôôסӣĸһƵġ
ҲЩ֣ƺЩС
ڨڨԸֱʣԣλһ᲻Ҫŵˡ
⻰ͽЩ㵣ʲô˼һ׼ô
˸һ·˹ſڣ濴ȥͽסˣȫǿյģûʲôװΡ
һסҲûôªɡ
棬˴ˡ
˵ţһ
ʱ洫һˣʲôˣŶѧԺǸʲôʦǽˡ
Щ֣
ôû˯һ̫ˣһŮһ
ΣҲú֡
Ͼһλܹϵڻֻһλɰ˼ȻҲʲô˵ʲôʡ
ʣͽ߽˹֮ڡ
ʱǲſˣԭλ˯ڹĸλ棬һŮб棬ʣǸ˯ѡ
ʱҲλŮӵݣ˫ʮȫʮȱݣһ龫ĵĥɵ֬û˿ɫô֮һ̫ʣ֮һ̫ݣȲ̫Ҳ̡̫ɢ䣬¶һ˫ӯ⣬ǵֱۡĽҲôȥ̲סȥֻŮӴ˿һͷɫͷģȴȫһжˣŮȫһլŮһ
ͽһ˳ʲôӣ˿ȴЩΣȫһ
濴ͽҲ𡭡ʦ԰ɣ
˵ͷ
û˵ʲôֿ˽ȴ۾һλС㡭λѧԺŮʦð
һ⣬ո˵ʲô
С㣿
ҲԼˣ棬ðġ
һ棬һΣû뵽ӡ
档
˿ʵٴȷǰλ棬˿̻ǹһ
ϸ˿ȻȴǺȻǰɣûȤҸǰŮ
ɵۣҪʲôԼŮ
Ҳˣ棬λʦλʦӣǲܸŮġ
ҲǲвҲĲᡣ
滺Ȼȴһָ𣺡ôǰȥˡ
һ˲ȫ˶ǾĿ档
ˣȻҪԼ
棬ҴѧԺӦɶȷҪɱң䣬ҪɱҲ־ܡ
ȿȡʿǽŵӣʱæ棬ѧԺλǲ𡣡
Ҳ뵽ʲôͽֺɫҾǿЦѣǱôô
˿̶ЩԻ·ˡ
ȴǳһҪĶǳ֣ǹҪ
Ҫ£ǿ˿ΧӶûС
û˵ʲôֻôӿռָ֮óһ׾µľΡ
ʱһӣʱ۾ܿͻع񣺡ʦǻ˵°ɡ
ЩʱҲΣ
ʱ򻺻أʵΪһ飬ǼһĹײİⲻļһˣǻһŪˣڼȻ˻ҪҲ˳Ƕջ
˵һͷ
ʲôײİ壬ʲôļһʲô
ǲˡ
ƺЩȥˣĻ˵ɣһ峤߷һս֮ؼ֣ûջǿҲ֪˵ıǳ֮۵ԴͻƵ񾳽磬֪֪˵죬϶ҲˡֻƾԼջƺѣԾѧԺæ
֮ǰͺ˵飬ֻǲûᵽ
ˣҪĿ꾹ȻԴǴˡ
Դʵʲ
ԺйæȻ⣬ѧԺܵõʲôôֱӵ
ǿԸṩԴĴλãܰһЩеΣաʱҲ񾳽磬ѧԺԺȻкܴĻͻƵ񾳽磬֪ԴλãȡԴĸʿ϶ӡ
˵ͷ֪λõȷռȻ
ˣǾô˵ˡʱˣ
⡭ˣʲô˵ˣһ£Щ
Сӣô̰ġߵ
ȻҲ֪ʲôΪ߷ֵӦòһöԴļֵ͡ԣֻǸԴĴλãһȼ۵Ľסڻ֪Ƿ絽ʲôǸλã˭֪ܲõõ
㻹Ҫʲôߵ̰ĵСӣһҪ֪㣬Ҫʿɶֹ
һöǧ
һ£⼸ˡ
һöǧһͻƵ磬һٴǧѧͻƵ硣
һö
滹û˵ʲôʵѾˡ
ʦ֪ܲǧһǧҲҪ񾳽磬Ҳֻ˶ѡˣһöǧҪʱ԰㡣ʵһöǰˣҲûôࡣ
ô𿴵ʲ˵ٻһµʮöˡ
ʮöҲûУʮöԼϣߵûУ߲͡
ãǾͶʮö롣
ʮö롣ֵ
棬Ǻ˭ѧĽۣôֿһ룬ȵȣȱ˵̫ˣʮö룬ȻĲˡ
ðɣǾʮö˵ţոջʮöأöҲĨˡ
һҲǿЦã濴һСŮ
Ϊ棬Լܾнû뵽ȴȫǣԼһλˡ
߰ɡ
룬ʱȴǿЦ磬ղˡ
Ÿһ£˵ǳһŲ˿
棬Ȼ֪˭ɵģ棬ǵӡ
һۣʲôǵӣҲɶɽ֮Ѫľɵӣôͳǵˡ


1947 ɱ
֣µӣԼˡ
Ǹɶô
ɲôãӰһһϣûпôƶġ

һܵӣǲҪôϽ߰ɣҪϢˡ
˿ЩΣ磬Ҫˡ
Цô죬˼һλ֪ж꣬ԼֲǶ֣ѵΪŭ档
ǿӣҲֻš
˸Ƕȥ˹֮һܱǸӡ
ӣ⳥ʿɲ棬Ǻ֮ĵġ
ˡҡҡͷȻЩɻʣôһλܹϵôסҲ̫˰ɡ
ӣ
Ǽôô
һŴǴҲһ㣬Ҫж
֮жûôˡ
⻰ʳĬˡ
ʵҲЩɻϾһλѵһҵ׶ûС
ʱ򻺻Ƕ֪ı֮еһɣʵıѾڹ꣬һСÿһǲҪľ޴ȻıͻήҶͻ䡣Ҳˣ۵вƸȫһҺʵһǧԪ֮ǰĹ棬ﻹۻңڡ
ʳ̾һЩﶼһҺȻĹҲˡ
ͽЩȻ
ڹ壬ÿһҪĶٵҺȷһֲ֡
߰ɣѾ׼磬λͺ뿪
á

ʱѯһʹ汾Դֵ࣬ҲûиʲôĴ𰸡
ʣҲڱ̸ܶ
̾һͺͽһ뿪ˡ

뿪壬˻оһ
һ壬ʵλãǼʶصҲʶǸЩԵ档
ֻǱΪܶ죬û뵽ôͱˡ
߰ɣ
ǣŽ֣Ӱһռ뿪ˡ
һռ䴩֮Ȼɫ΢䡣
ãŤƶķλĿܣȫͬʱһѳǹһѷȽѾﵽ˸߽㼶ļ
Ҳһгһѽɫء
Žɰ˼Ϊ磬֪ܲŤƶλˣ϶һλ
ʲôˣ
ŭоΧĿռ䶼ˡ
ڷռ䡣
ʱ֮дһɭɭЦƺЩɳơ
˭
ҲŭȵԵ߲ơ
ѧԺʦ˵֣ںսϣ˼λɱһλһźɫƤµŮӴ֮˳
Ůһβͣҡţ˲
𿴵Ů֮ɫء
ŮӾһλ
ֻ֪һ飬ûܶϺŵġ
ʲôˣҲдɱ⣬ϢݸѧԺϢȥԷΧźҲˡ
ǲҪ֪˭ΪѾˡŮЦȤѧԺʦͣ˭֪ϲŭ޳Ǹɱˡ
һʱˣɱǣ޻壿
Ů΢΢һЦôõʱԺ᲻šߣҪ˵ѧԺλʦͼı죬ŭɱǡ
ʱ򽥽ˣλ֪ǺĹϵ
ΪʲôҪεĹϵ
ԭƺԣ֪ѧԺӦ壬һǰᵽԴԾΪǿƻѧԺˡ
ֻЩ˵ȥΪѧԺӦ飬˾ǲµˣҲδȷ
ȷĻôɱôǲ̫çײˡ
Ҳһֿܣϵ˳λ֪ɱǵģѧԺ֮е˲ٵɱЩʦڡ
֯
̣
ūó׹˾
ЩпܣļҲпܡ
˿̲ǿʱʱҪ취
ԼͽﱻɱԷúãȫ԰ߵϡ
ԷоԼĲ࣬ҲǶ֮֡Ĳ࣬ʵĲͬԷʱڻɱңҲôסһǣסһӳķȻ취Ժȡ룬д
Σû˷硣
Ƕ֣ʱΨȡ
ҲеĹؼԼȳɹĻ˲ܻ
ԼҲֻ۷ľ磬ﲻʲôæΪ׸
Ž΢ɲĳԼ˵ͷЦˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͽˡ
ֱŮӳȥһ˳ǹֱŮüģǳԶɶݡ
Ůһȴǿͽ뷨
ʵ̫Цˡ
ͽһһѵķ֮
Ц
˿ԶȥĽȴǸ
ӣӶԶ
ҵĿռΧ֮ǰѵɱ
һ񣬾Ȼеҳ֡ЦţԼô˵һ۷ĴڣԼֻ֮ߣҲϡ
ĳǹβ;ǳ˹ȥ
ǹŮӵβײ˼̶ֻоԼĳǹڱ
ŮӵβͲ֪ʲôʵģȻĳǹҪӲ
˿ԼĻڣΪǹķ𣬾ȻѾѿѪȾ˳ǹ档
ʱǷĵʱһŮӵסȴһٴγŮӴ˹ǹ֮㣬ٶѾ˹٣֮гһĳǹӰһƬǿһ
ŮЩ㵣Ȼ˺嫡
Ӱβٴһ飬ƬռЩǹӰȫƬ
䣡
ҲǵɳȥɫЩء
оŮӵβѾȫԿһ߽㼶ˣؼβŮӵı֮Ů﷢ӳﵽ
Ҫ֪ʹĳǹҲֻܷӳǹ˳ɵѡ
ЩֶΣ嫵ĸ̵ȣԶǿ󡣡Ů۵ûͻƵ֮ǰ㣬治Ķ֡ңֻһ
˵ţŮ֡
һץȻץռ䣬Ҳо
ɾʱ֮ӿֳһռȻ˲ȶסΡ
ǳ书
֮ڣһ档


1948 ĸ
Ůû뵽Լƿأ֮࣬ȴβٴγһ飬βʹռ䣬˲䲻Ӱ
ʶۣȻҲ޷֡
ۣ
βͶȻ֣һӴؿڡ
һѪؿڵһн㼶ս׻Ϊ˷顣
ȻôϤռ֮
𿴳ŮֶΣǿռ䷨
ѸٺˣϳһոµսףȻǹŮӾͶ˹ȥ
ǳǹһͷԶźһŮӾһҧ£ŮֻоΧռ䱻ʹΧռ䡣
ʱǺѾŮǰ
Ůӿ㲻־ǳźһȭȥ
䣡
ǹ˴̶סʱϣٴץס˳ǹŮӵüľ̶ֱȥ
ŮӾޱȣû뵽Ȼͻķ

Ůӵβʱ˹ȴǶҲ㡣
ôõĻᣬܷ
ȻŮӵٶȸ죬𿴵ȴǵͺһ
ʱ侲ֹ
һʱ֮ŮӣŮӵӰٶһ¡
Ҳٶһ£һǹֱŮӵüģŮӵβҲϡ
飡
𵹷ɳȥڶн㼶ս׻Ϊ˷飬ͬʱܴͷ˼
ŮȴҲˣ˿̵Ůɫ
ԼüģȻ˺һѪڣüǶ̵İȥ
ˡˡ
ţԼȻһ㶴Դ
˲ǵѪЩʧ䣬ԼȫһˣȻҲֻǿŮӵķ
ôȻҲǿĿ¡
һٴλһн㼶սס
ԼʦȻȱЩ
ոҴˣҲٸκλġ
Ůӿ䡣
˵ţ˹ֻβͲϵسȥÿһ¾һƬĿռ仯Ϊ˷顣
ȫ޷ֻܲʱ䷨ʱ䷨ļ϶ܡ
߶ʱ֮ÿһζԾǼģҲһֱôȥ
飡
ĳǹסŮӵβͣȫֱ
ŮЦʱסɡ
³һöӣöӷǷ˹ȥ
һԼȻȫˣöӾȻֱָҪһ
ǳ
ˣҲæһⷨһöԣ˿̷貵⣬ǶһգȻѶӸסˡ
ţ֮оȻɳ˰˼
ǳǳǳӣǳ壬ǳᦣǳǳǳӡ
˼һΧŮӵβͣȥ
ôࣿ
ŮӾޱȣȻǸоĵʹβ˼Ĺ֮£Ҳǳܲס
ҳɣѸջβ͡
ʱѹһᣬǳǹһżͬʱ׼Ůӡ
żЩƣҲѹ׵ĶǳǹǸ߽㼶˼ֻн㼶ͬʱݾżĻ񾳽ԼĶ֡
Щ޷ͻƵɾż߾磬뵽һԼսķ
ŮӴ˿̻Щġ
ô෨ûС
һȻսǾ߶δмĶֲ֣Ҫһ֡ŮͳоʵѾӽ񾳽ˡ
Ѿˡ
˿ҲŮӵʵ񾳽棬ŮӦòǿʶǺɻɣŮӣһ֮ھɱŮӣ϶ҲشŮӡΣŮȻͨռ䷨򣬵ǹܵһǾսһλҲͻƵ񾳽磬ŮӾԲԼĶ֡
ڵĻԼƾ֮ŮӶԸʮУԼÿһмȫ֣ŮȻǡ
սȥԼǱذɡ
Ψһľʱ䣬ϵԼ
ʱԾؿһ򣬽ѾӵĲӰ
סôΪӳҵĿռΧô㣬ΪֶֻΡҳϣȻͬ񾳽磬ҵսǿŮʱջԼβͣЩĿ𣬡ÿһ񶼲ǺǵģȻҲһ㻹ڴ㣬ûκεĻˡ
˵ţŮ¶һЦݡ
Ȼ˵һĻˣȻŮϵһһĶ
ЩС֮Ѹٵı
Ȼһľ޳ˣЩޣȴǿվ޵һЩ
ţĿ𣬶˿Ҳɫ䡣
ǰʮޣȻϢ
ޣϰٸȻҲȫϢ
ǡ
𾪺ޱȣ뵽ʲôĸʣı徹Ȼǳĸʡ
ǳĸʲô
ֲŮӵʵƫҲǸոͻƵ񾳽磬ԭŮͻƵʱ䲻ãŮһλĸʡ
֮УĸҪǸսʿսԳĸʲԵô
սʿ࣬ĳսʿѾһǧ񾳽ĳսʿҲﵽʮ񾳽ĳսʿѾ
ЩսʿģΧ𲻺
ǼȥǸŮɱˡ
ĸ񾳽ĳսʿʮλĳսʿߵĽȥ
ȭͷĸо˾
˺սǳĸʵսʽǿĳսʿҲƴ㡣
ֻǳĸ˵յǰĳսʿֶһ
ɱ
Ůӻ˻֣ٳ֡
ĳսʿΧɱ˹ȥ˿̾оżҲ޼¡
ȫΧסˣֻܷķֻһĸɾһգʱֻܵ
һ֮󣬳սʿѾ˰
ڳĸЩսʿֵһᣬˣֻҪҲԺܿ촴
磡
𿴹ȥֻȻ˻
Ŀɫһڽˡ
û뵽
Цţˡ
˵ţżͬʱѸǰĳսʿɳȥȻ嵽˽ǰ
ҪҲҪһ顣
ĳٴΧѹѹһƬƬա
ǳĸʵĿֲ֮Ǹ˵սܺһ㣬ܴ޾ĳսʿһ˾һ֧ӡ
񾳽ĳĸʣǿֲ
Ѿܴ񾳽ĳսʿ㹻ٸ㹻ʱ䣬ԴޱȽӽ񾳽ĳսʿ
ĳΪκεҲһ
ˡ
ĬĬر۾ת֮еҲһ
ķҲĸһ˿һĶϾǵʬ屻ĸ֮󣬶֪ٳսʿ
ѡԱ
ĸŮӿһУЦѡ
Ҫô
ɾʱմһһƬĿռ䣬ּĿռ䣬̼ˡ
ռɫ˳
ռˡ


1949 һ
ĸŮһĿһ
ʱֻ޾Ŀռɫһ֦Щ֦֦һա
Щ֦ĳ֮£մǶһһֱѵ߲ռ䡣
һĳսʿ񾳽ֱӻΪ촷ۣҲ˲֫Ƭ
޷֮

ŮӾޱȣʵֻһˡ
棡
һ֦ڳţʣ»ŵĳսʿҲֻ񼶱ˡ
ЩսʿҲڲֻʵӴš
棡
ЩսʿɶѪЩгսʿתȴɱ˾ųɾš
ֱҪˡ
Ҳ룬ǶһķڵĿռǴ˳ȥ
䣡
ռ飬ʱҲֳ˿ռ֮
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ͽ˿ҲӦ˹ǵþˡ
ǵ˾Ȼ档
ǡҲע⵽Щʵ磬һ磬дǧ磬Сǧ磬С棬档
ôܣЩһ磿ޱȡ
ħЫ֮㵨ӵͦʣ帽ɱҵĿˣǻˡһ棬ֻʱһؿֲɱ⣬ɱƺҪ˺ʣ鱾Դһ
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˵ţӰֳǷɹĶһķһץֻסǶӷ
ħЫ֮һ£Ҳ˹棬֮˵ǿΪϵһλ
ԼǸոͻƵ񾳽粻һٸԪĶ֡
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֮׶֮׶ҵ֮Ķһķ˵š
ħЫ֮⻰ʱ
ʲô֮Ǽô
ôͽҲǿЦãȻǸ档
˵ˣ㻹ߡЦĿˣ߲ˡ
棬ֻ֮СħЫ֮һæ
֮УҾͿҰˣ˭ͷ˵ţ۳һ֣ħЫ֮ץ˹ȥ
һץ֮£ռ顣
ħЫֻ֮оеʱ䡢ռ䡢һץ֮ȫնϡ
ޱȣ֮еԴ޵ת
䣡
дЩ񼶱ĳսʿһץ֮£ҲȫΪ촷ۡ
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ռһ飬ħЫ֮Ӱڿռ֮ѸӶݡ
ħЫ֮棬һֽš
ħЫ֮һһ˿Ǳޱȡ
ͽҲǿľޱȣʵôʵֲ̫ˡ
һܴһ
˵ʶ۵Ĵ֣Ǻܿ͸ˡ
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˰г֣Ǽһˡ˵ţȴǳһһ˹ȥֻǲ֪ĵط˰ϡܿѪɽĽ㵹
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棬ʲôҸɵġݣ㽲ģһ˶ˣӡһ˵ЩץԼۣǺסˡ
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һҷҷôǲ㣬ԡ
˵ţӵӰʧˡ
üͷָʹģǻ˭ѧԺеࡣ
ڨڨȻҲˣǳѧԺġ
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ǻصѧԺ֮ǰˣ˭ɱǣɱ˭
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ʱոǿĴڷ׷ü

ӣλ֮λ͸ӵĲˡ
ȻϣԺеˡ

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Ǿ޴ڿռӰ˳ȻŹǷҪȥ˯ء
˵ţŽһЦû˿ռ֮С
ͽʱŷӦ
ǲǲ棿
Ҳ֪˵ʲôãʱ򣬾һСŮǸոճֵ棬ֱɱ˫ؼ֮ô񣬾Ȼû˸˵һ֡λǨŭ񣬲֪˶ٵ£ȻӲ
ֲһԻ壬Լ̫ˡ̾һ治һˣȴð˴Ҳ׽壬ܿĲһ㡣
߰ɡ
治ٶǳ֣Щġ
˭ڸҳ֣ǾˡǰͲڳ֣˵ܿˡ

һ·˳ޱȵĻصѧԺ𻹹ⵢ졣
·мλǣȴû˸ҳ֣ƺаб˼
ˡ
ǿͽЦЦһ·ǹյģΪǣ涼ˡ
ΣԺôǱͱ˵⻰˺ô
ã˵ˡЦЦ˵һɡ
ţԺԤϵһȷʵѧԺһضʧ߷ΪرǻṩԴλãͬʱ³֮󣬿Ըʮöǧ
֪ˡǵ˵ͷǹʷ෽棬͸¶ʲô
Ĵѧ˵һЩⷽݣ͸¶һͨͨȻűսҲкܶ飬Ҳɻ󡣺ñǸͨôֵģΪʲôʵʱûзʵʵУ汾Դ򵽵Ϊʲôɵģ˳ײʱ򣬳ûɵġ
˵ţЩݵʵԻеġ
Ͼѧ棬ȫʷļ֤ߣֻΪڵʱʱûдﵽ񾳽磬ʵҲֻǱԵɫ֪ಢࡣ


1950 β
ǰЩ£ԼõϢ໥ӡ֤ؿȷһЩ顣
Բ򵥡
սԲֺͷ֮սвĶ
Ҳûѣȴʧˡ
Ȼ־档
汾ԴǰЩı߿϶ٴʵԼûɵĿġ
ҲЩģ浽һ죬ѧԺ϶޷⡣
ֻϣǸʱѧԺѾ㹻ʵ
ǧңܻǽͻή٣ú׼һ¡ǿ˿ܲܰסͻƳΪ񣬾ͿԼˡ
Ȼǧ꣬ǽ磿
ǵ˵ͷѵԼ˵ʲô
˴ĴָԺΪǿ£Ȼ㵽ˣ
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Ƕʱʦ㶼ŵô˵Щ˾֪顣ѧԺĲʦҲ֪ʲô㣬ʲôϵ
ɵˣǴҶ֪飿
Ȼûйע֮зĴ£ȷרռЩŵһ֯
ȥһϢȫԴҲаġ
Ŷõġ
ЩΣϽ뿪
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ԭԭ⣬˭֪ɶ֪ϡͿȥ壬Э顣

ͬʱ
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ס棬ûˣ˭֪ûӳȥԶȻֳһ׷š
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֮

ħЫ֮ɫһλѧԺȻһλ
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ħЫ֮оȫ̮һȥұɡ

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ħЫ֮˿ҲǱޱȣɣȴҧǺڶ˽ȥ

ѵҪħЫ֮ˡ
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飡
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ǿ˿ϳβ͵Դ
ħЫ֮ԱһģҶβҲûɱЩǸʵԶǿħЫ֮ģûɱħЫ֮Ҫԭ̫ˡ
ٽһЩħЫ֮δӵ
֮ôɱģûɱûɱҪȷһ˭ָʹħЫ֮롣
ãȥ顣ھ֮УȻû⡣
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ħЫ֮ˣãˣͻƵɾż磬ɱ

סǽ
ȻǽϢѾˡ
ǽ磬ܻ֮磬˵ıһǿȥµĶ
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һЩصϹ֣
һ֮ǰôˣԴס
ʱȥתǧȥˡ
ǧ棬ƾҲͻƵ˽߼硣


1951 ǽ罵
ѧԺͻƵɽ߼ѧƺһڡ
֮ʵҲһ汾ԴĿԽԽ˿ʼͻƾ硣
ǰ֮Уģ˵ҲͰԴӵڶ汾Դ֮췭һ
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ȻͻƣҪһ汾ԴŻһıڡ
⻹塣
Щ棬ʵҲǿ
¡
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ΪǴӿռģԶռ֮
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ǽ磬ˡ
ľΣǱ˭ɱһԣǽ֣ӦвѰһµࡣ
Դ֪˵ᡣ
϶֣ǾòԴҲῴʹԴͻƵ񾳽硣
أλʻ᲻ȥ

ڵǸоĴ֮ʼˡ

Ŀռ䣡
Ļᣡ
֮Уֲ֪ж˻ȥ
ᱻһĽҿЩŵòȻļһҲڵȴżªĽɫû˻ûһѪһеûģڿʼᱻһһ㡣֮УһŮţ档
˿̵ȫһӣʥ࣬ΰ⡣
һһ̵оЩİ
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ûʲôҪԸģóֵʱҪСһ֣˵ǼϼһδضǺˡ
˵Ǽϼһʱɫ
Ѿʲôֻǲ²⡣
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һЩط
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ڵƽɫȻƽ̣ɲΪ硣
⻰˼ͻˣҪλ
ᵽԴһҡ
аƽ̵λֻġ

˭ԴԺ˭ūó׹˾ļ̳ˣ˵ЩǶҵЩ˵ģҲЩūŵųū֮ūó׹˾ĴãҪһλѵá
棬һȺ˶ڰ˼
Դξһӷȡᡣ

ѾõϢҪĿԴ澺ͱһһӳ˵룬õԴô
ס
УȻˣЩ಻ᱻأҲúòһ¡

߷˵ӵĪܣ񲻹ǳ񾳽磬ȴǻ̵Ĳ֮ľȻ˰ĿⶼԴϣ˱ȻࡣܶҲԴҵʵνȥҪĿľΪҶȡ
ǣˡ

ĳƫƧС棬յĿ⴩ռ䣬Ѿһٵ硣
ǽ罵٣ԴܶԴȻͻƵ񾳽硣ʱʱշǸոͻƣ֮ԱҲˡ
ճţȴǲԸŹᡣ
յļϣһСʨӵүǾȥԴ棬мүĶ֡
ȴǲҹͬϾûͻƵ񾳽磬һս˻ڡ
ʨ㲻Ҫ͹ˡǧǰѧԺλʦͲħЫ֮ҲƴȫŲɱҲȥԴʱ治һȡʤճһ£ɵ˽Խ࣬Խ֪֮˵Ŀ¡
ʨÿɷ񣬾̫ǫˡ

ͬʱһط
ǽ罵٣еԴ˵ĹʵһͻƵ񾳽磬֪ûȤһӵӲǱˣǴѵĻġ
ֻҪϵ汾ԴƬԺ׵񾳽磬Դҵİ󡣲ǸҵͦȤģȱһ˵˵ţȻˣҲȥʱ˵ոһЩں汾Դ񣬵Ȼ͸ˡ
ˣһΣΪǿˣӦҲͻƵ硣ĳѧԺ֮󣬿˾֮ǰ˵ˣǣ֮е汾ԴƬǸһϴʱ򣬿˳֣Ȼˡ
⻰Ц˲˹ģ˲汾ԴƬҾȻһǿĴԪ磬һ档ھǰʵҶɱǿһ㣬ͻƵ񾳽ʱȥոʱ˵һͻƵ񾳽硣
һ˿˵뷨
ȫǰ浱һöҩͻƵ񾳽ʱҲڡ
ˣνȥĻܿѧԺʦѧĵѧԺη֡
ǿˣ˿ҲЩء
Ƭ̣̾һڻԺҲûԺҵЩҲڵĳɾ͡ؼǣȡԺǵоɹдȡ˴νȥѧԺʦѧûǲҪǽ˽ԺԸ񣬻̵úܣ֪ɱѧԺʦѧ˻ңǿ϶ǲŹҡ
üʵǺϣ˱ѧԺġ
ǿһһԺģһ𾴵˼ǲѧԺ
ѧԺҲǣЩ궼û׷ɱˣǵûзһ

ط
ҶԼıԱһģҲȫľûи䣬ʲôʱԻָһ֮УħЫ֮ŭȵ
ֻĳĸʣһһ뵽֮Уž޴򣬾ȻһΪһѷ
һǱˮн
ǽ罵٣̺ĿɲֹһλɢԴܹõˣȫָǽ޷ȥҴĳսʿȴܽȥȫǸռԴԴħЫ֮ţȻҲԴ⡣

ǽ绹ڻشռ˶ڵȴš
䣡
Ŀռ䶼ǳ΢Ĳ
вǶˣһ޴ˣӵ֮⡣
޷١
ȥԴΪҲֻ
ˡ
ţǰǿԽȥ
ڵѾ11664ֻȫˣҲһ֣汾ԴѾ


1952 Э
ǽȥһЩ׼
ñЩһǾǽȥҲԼ׼һЩ
ѧԺߣȥ˲࣬ϾѧԺɰ˼ҲǺܶࡣ
̹šԯ
Ҫˣͽ߼ģһЩѧȥ
Ͼǽ磬޷ԴҲǻһЩԵġ
ٻԵͻƵ񾳽硣
֮У϶ҲвٵðΣսȥ
ǽѾˣѾܵǽͨͨϰһ˽һС彮򡣡һ£ѧԺһֻͨҪһŲƼɡ
ΪߣȽȥѧʦٽȥǷԸǽʱգ˵ȥ
˵˵ͷ
ʱͨѶˣǳġ
ȥ˻ϡ
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൱ǳֵˣÿһö
Уŵǵ̫ˡⲻʱԣ֮ǰ֪ѧԺˡӹϵǵѧԺ߱ǵõĴǧȻҲͱѧԺ˾öʵ̫ˡ
Ҳüͷ⻹ʱԡ
ʴ˿ҲɫΪѣۿžҪǽˣ˭ֳ֪ıʡ
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ʲôأô׵顣ҡͷ㣬ҲǸոջָλΪҪʲôʱҪΣգɲһܱ㡣
ˣҲ涼Ǳ˵һһָԲ񾳽ģԾôʨ
ıҶûˡ˵ţͨĺ棬λ֪صߣ˿̶ǳһ
ո˺ǿϢһλ
ôоǸ̵ͽաϳգЩ
ĬĬգǾͲˡ
յսѾ档


һĮĴֻһͨڣ˷׷׷ߡ
˳ΧͨڵһȺˣЦڽȥĶڽȥô
ΧһȺĻһ
ڽȥȷ
ǿʲôֵĻҲû顣
ߣ
˲ٷϻЩ˻Ǿͽɡ


1953 룬Ѱ
ǽ֮У˽֮ҵһط
ǽôһ嫵磬ӦöһСˡԯһ£ҲֻԤһ£ΪķңǵʶͷžҲ̣һ֮
ѹ֣ҸокܶԹһ顣ԣԹһֱûпڵ̹ţȻڵ
Թȥˣܲİţ֪λľͺΣԹ֪ǲγɵġ
ˣҿҽʱģûָǲ֪Դλã֪ĸߡԯüİ磬Ҫ
γ֪ˣǸոôܼ
ʱһһҲֻ֪ԴĴŷλ׼ȷλãʱԴı˶ȡˣôҲеǺЭϣʮöǧҲˮƯǾͱ취ʮöǧĿȱ룬ҪȡԴλҪѧԺһЩС
ԯ˵ͷȻ˿̹ţͷ㲻ô
ûɶ̹ͷ
ûѡɣܲվšԯ
ѡôȥָ̹һ򣬶ͳԯҲ֪ʱȥԸɴͰָ̹ķȥ
˵Ӱһš
ǽգӦ˵ûյġ
ֻһƬ嫵ѪɫգһһĽ

ͬʱҲˡ
ǽôǶˡţҲͳһȥо˼Ϣ
һ·ȥ˴꣬ͣ
һƴغʱע⵽֮оȻһصСݡ
Сݲ澹Ȼ̺żǿûСǿ
Сݣ϶߱Ԫá
ԪޱҪֲҪȡСݡ
ΧСƺһڱλ񲻶Ϻ֮£һľҪˡ
䣡
ǹˣλ¶˼ɫ
λһ¡
ʱȴǻ˳λ壬һλģһλţħģһλħġ
ȫ
˽ȻҲиӦǡǡߵı֡
˵񣿡
˿䱸ͬʱֳһɼǿɱ⡣
˵Ȼɱˡ
Сݹˡ
˸ˣԳСݱȥ
ȫˡ
Ȼǣ
˶ֱҶҲ̫д˰ɡ
ɱ
˼ͬʱֱ֣˶ȥ
ͣ˽Ų΢΢üŲôҪ
˵ţҲˣʱԺ֮У汾Դϵͳת
汾Դϵͳ޸Ŀռ䷨򣡡
˱壬Ȼ䱻һɿռ֮סˡ
˶Ǿޱȡ
ľȻǿռ䷨򣿡
ȻѲ
ˣ
˾ǲͨ񣬴˿һӾ̽˿˵ʵ
ǿ
Ц汾Դת
޸Ѫ֮򣡡
䣬ȫѪҺȻ˲̡
Խ𾪣ǰ˲˿ռ䷨򣬾ȻѪ֮
޸޸Ļ֮޸ľ֮򡣡
ΧĿռ䣬ַ֮ı䡣
ֻоһסǣȻΧǾȻȼ
ôַ򣬴̫ǿӣ
һֱ۾ȻѾȼŲһУȼ壬ѸӶݳȥ
ħҲ֪ٵˣһҲ
ʣµţħ߾Ͳˣߺеȫʩӵһϣ˲͹ѿ
䣡
ըˡ
ʱҲץסСݣЩ⡣
ͷ˿ʣһԴסţħߣڶԷֵ֮Уɱ˶Է
սջһȽ׺ܸߵֲ
˵ţ˳ţħµĿռָ

ߺħӳȥ֮󣬻Ǿδ
ǿǸ˵֪ʲô֮ͬھȻȫѹǡ
̫ˣȣһ档
ǰǾͻƵʱ䲻

˵ţȴǲҵ飬Ǿ뿪ԶԶġ
˿ɲ֪Щ֪Լ֮ͬڣʵ£ԼĴ汾ԴϵͳʵֶԵ˵ľѹ
ȫһʮ
Ǵ汾Դϵͳǿ֮ҪôǿĻֻбķݡ

ˣ˿Ҳ˺ö
һʲô黨ֻζȻҪĸоǱһһߵ黨湲仨䣬ʮޡ
ĲǱˣ̹š
ͷôֵԯЩ档
֪Ǹо̹롣
˰ɣȥϾƳɵҩ˵Ƴ˾Ʒɵԯ룬ǸɵһŶһ㼶ˡ
Сİ黨ˣ鲻
սջ˵ͦõġ
һȫδ˷磬ҸоıﻹкܶࡣҸոմӷģ㿴һ¡ԯóһضϵ
Ҳʦ΢΢Щ㵣⵶֮ǰһ߽㼶ƺϡС
ԯ˵ͷҲϵԭ
ŵ֮˵ȥ֮ȫ԰ϵˣʱԴһͽ׵㼶
ܡ̹ųţϡ˵ʲô
˵Թ档
ǰɡ̹Ų֪ôǿԹܵڶɢɢԹ˾Բһˡ
ܸܲԹķߣ뵽һֿܣҲŵĻǾҵԹɢ֮أԹ˵Ǿ˳ҵԴ
ԡ̹ŵ˵ͷָһ
˲ҵ飬ȥ
ֻǸ߳ȥһٶ꣬˾ͲһɼǿϢ
ô£
ԯüǱˣƺս
˿̹ţ̹һʲô֪ӣ뷢
ߣȥ
ԯ˵ͷ˾ֱϢȥ
ԽԽ
ϢҲԽԽǿԽԽңԵĲֹһˡ
ڣǿˡ
һСϵȻ߰˸ڽս
һģһλȻľ壬һӾȻūó׹˾ˡ
𲻾Цˣǵĵˣūó׹˾ҲʲôöǺúôͬھ˲źá
ԯҲһЦʱע⵽һ
ǣ
ԯָָһطһβ֪ʲôĶɢżǿϢ


1954 

һ̹Ŷһ
һβ֪ʲô̺öǧһ̺
Щ˾ۼΪ
һʲôԯüͷʱѾѧԺĸϵͳСɣСȥݿ֮м
ʱһһȥ֮СǱߴ˽
Ѫ
Ѫ
סʲôѪѪѪҺ
־磬ѪҺˣһѪҺѪҺ֮п϶̺ǿ
ͬѪҲŲͬá
ѵѪ
˼ţѪǼֵ͸ˡ
ֲǳ֮Ѫǳ֮ãǿ϶мǿĴЧ
˵ֻҪһξͿշߵɱ䣬ߵĽױס
壬ǿǴ˵еˡ
Ŀǰ棬ӵĴ񣬶񾳽ӵģʷҲֻȼˡ
ôѪԭǴ⡣
ҵõһѪɱ䣬ʱʵҲٴ˵ǲ񣬵ϴһħЫ֮ܰȫߡţӵ壬ܴ࣬ٶȸ죬Ҳ
ڣ񻹻ţһѪٴĴۣӦ
һѪ۳ǲСˡ
Ѿˣû뵽֮ѪҺȻ۳Ѫ
ˣ
䣺ڳϣλūó׹˾λλʵǿԻռơȽūó׹˾˲У˵ʱǾͳ͵ϮߣλߣȡһӰǸˡ
ԯ˵ͷҲס
ڴĻȣƴܾ˵ʱٳֲźá
ڳ֣ܱܿս
ʱһһĹȥ
Ȼ
ۣ
ūó׹˾һλ߱Ӵ̴˸һѪ˳
ŻˣȻתܡ
һѪҲһԼģûбҪƴ
Ѫʲô
ūó׹˾һΨһһλŮ߷ŭޱȣȻˡ
ǰһǹôûҪ
λߵѪɲЩȳǵĿԴûбҪͺƴһ
ŮҧǷŭ쵰
һˣǾ͸Ƕˡ
ȻѪףͻƵ񾳽ĸʿ϶ӡ
ܣλȴǲģǾӣ׷š
һʱˣȫһǡ
ԯ̹ŵ˵ͷóԼ


һ
һȣ˻Ϊɱλ塣
һȭֱλӵԴȻ֮ӣסӵƶ
ԯǴһԲηһȥ
ֻʱȴ˱ʣӦùλߵ̹ţ֪ǲûи״ȻҲžһ˹ȥ
һӻգ֮һ޴ĸӰ
λһоΣλߣ˿ȫëŭѡ
Ȼ͵ϮˣǱλ
ˣҲˣΪʲôһ
䣡
˵Ĺ£Ǻ顣
˷Ǵ˿ϴսǱһӺ飬ȻһӰֱϡ
ԴӲ㼶˿ҲǱҳ˷顣
ţֻǾӵ徹Ȼֱըѣһľӡ
˿ѾסһӾȻɱһλߡ
ȥ
ԯҲɵۣ⸫ǲǸʲôЧô
ǵԼ⸫ӵʱ򣬷û
Ǿƶû뵽ҲһӦɱ壬˭֪һȴ
ǿ
̹ţ񶼲һˡ
λһֱæſ̹Ŵ񣬹ܱҪǿ
λһѪһ̿֡
ɱҰ꣡
ҰȻλӵ֡
£̫ˡ
˴˿˵Ѹپ£һ飬Ŀˡ
ūó׹˾ǱߣתҪߵλѪ򶼻ת˹
ѧԺˣ
Ů˵ʱˣŮӲǱˣū֮ĵȡ
ɱʱ±
һѪѧԺҪˡ𵭵˵ţһ˲ɵ
üͷѾˣѪҪԼʧ֮ˡ
˭뵽ѧԺ˾Ȼһ֣Ҳûлᡣ
ԼⷽˣȻδǵĶ֣Ǳ߻ˡ
ѧԺոɱһλλɱĿ϶ѧԺˡ
ԣⲻûвء

λߣ˵
ĿڿѪڱλ߲ס˵ūó׹˾ˡ
λ໥˿һֶλߣԼֻʣˣѾ϶Ƕ֡
ʱȻԷԸԼߣԼ߾ķɵˡ
ǾʱȴǺȻڣλǾôˣǿɱһλ񣿡
΢΢üȣʲô˼
ֱԼ֣Ⱦ֪ϳԼ
𣬼֪ǣ˶ѧԺˣںսϣǱѧԺŪǱޱȣ˲ءɵǣūó׹˾ҲУΪͬ鱨Ļǿ֡
˵ԼĿġ
Ȼ壬ΧɱĻΧɱѧԺˣռơ
ʣµλҲǱ𾪵ˣոջԼƴһ˾ȻҪ֡
֣˵ܸҰ걨
ɫȣ㾹Ȼҹ壬֪ĺô
ô룬Ҳû뵽ĸô
֣ҪǱ֪ˣƶܶһͨе
ȹһЦѧԺ˻̫ˣȹôڲ֪ٸԪ֮ǰʱ˿ʼˡ˵ֻҪǲϣȥ֮˭˵Ǻˡ
ūó׹˾λ񣬴˿ҲһЦ
ʲô
ֻҪйͬ棬ʱԺ
ǵǸһΣ֪Ĳ٣Ȼ֪˹塣һ꣬ǿʼʱôĮ˵ţϢ̫Ҫˡ
˹壬˭壿
ڵʷ֮Уû˵ĸ񹴽塣
ϻˣλ֣ȺߵѾס˵ȥ·
ã֡λ߳˼һ£˵ͷ
һʱ䣬Χƺ


1955 ںѪ
Ǿ𡢳ԯ̹ţÿҪԸλͬ
˻࿴˿Цѡ
ɱ
ȴһūó׹˾λȳ֡
Ҳ֪ǲȳ֣λ϶֡
ȻǾ͹ֲˡһ˳ǹɳֱüġ
Ǿɱʹ죬Ϸһˡԯ
𣡡̹ŭһ޸ӶֱĿռһơ
ˣȻ塣
ֻһǹϵغɨÿһ̺һȽڽڰˡ
һūó׹˾ǲֱӱһѪ˳
һжȻ˿·硣
˺ǿÿһǵȫһλ𾪵ˣǸǧǰħЫ֮ɱˡ
֪˭ˡһһǹֱλ
ǱߣԯһжȻҲһ
ʦ˿ֱӼǹꪡᡢ棬˼н㼶ˡ
˶ǿˣ
Ҳֻһ㼶԰˼н㼶ĺȻֻܱ
̹ţǰޱȡ
һĹһݴ
һӵĿ£ÿһѾǽӽļ𣬴˿ȥͰһλѺۡ
ֱ̫ײˡ
ȴ˿̶ɵˣǾȻȫ·磬Ǳ
ʧˣ̫׺ݣ
λѴ˵һתܡ
ֻҰ걨𣬿ɲԼȥˣһλ춼ûƿ̹ŵķҲѾ⣬⻰ͣתܡ
Ӱٶȼ죬գ۹ʧĲټ

ȴ˿Ҳˣһ
˶Ѿˣĸ͸Ƕˡ
ಣ
˷Ӵܣʱ֪ͬʱסһ˸ܣסһӦⲻ
ȡ
һ̹źͳԯ
ͬʱ˳ȹȥȻ̿ޱȣ˶巢
Ȼ
ҪǱˣǱɡ
ʱҲǼˣǰڷɱİ͸Фһץץס˰͸ФȻ󲻵Ȱ͸ФӦͰɳһˡ
͸Ф˿̻ת˶Ҫˡ
ȣ
ŭŭ
ȾȻܣⲻ뺦
ң
ֻԼ˵
ʱŭգȴҲľôȥԼеķȫз
Ҳȫת˵Ĺ£Щʲôģ׷ױ顣
Ҫ֪λһ
䣡
ֻоԼһѣԼҪը
Һò񾳽磬ܾôˡ
˿ޱȵķʱ֪ĵΣյʱĻעһ
ʱ֮УһĴǧ翪ʼ飬תΪһɾ޴

һٵٸĴǧ磬Ĵǧİʮ˿̾Ȼһһʮ
ϵϢǿΪȴѸ½
Ӧн׵ľ磬˿̾Ȼһ䵽˳ľ磬һһּĸо
ǧ䵽ٸ£»ص磬ָ񾳽磬ǲ۳һǧ飬ܻѵĴ۱һٸǧ绹Ҫ
䣡
ͷų˶Ƿ׷׺ˡ
ʱӵҲѿ˴룬Ҳ˲ЩֱӳԶɶݶȥ
ʱѾֻһԴ
˿Щ׳ʿΪ˻ˣ屬ˣͲ궼Ҫˡ
׷
ԯһ£ȥ׷Ļ׷ϵĿԲС
ҡҡͷһ϶ȣˣԺֻȥȵ鷳
ԯе֣ܵ죬ӵ汳ģӲȲŹ֡
ȥȡһѪ
ԯ֪Ĵ㣬˼Ѫܲͻƣ
̹ҲǺ
ҲˣѧԺȱ񾳽ʦȻҲϣܹͻƾ硣
Ƭ̣ȴҡҡͷԲȻҵҲѾپʮŸǧﵽ񾳽ļޣһǧ磬һѪԶԶΪͻһʱ䣬ǵĴǧһ汾ԴαʱҷѪӦÿԡѾȲʱˣԺҲ˵ˣ汾ԴαҪ꣬ǧʱ䶼ֹ
汾Դʱ汾Դƿ
ʱͻƾȷס
汾Դڶαʱð˵λôͻƵġ
Ҫʱ̫ãҪʱͻơ
ԴĿꡣ
ô˵㻹ȰѪʹˣȶ壬һҲʵһɡԯ룬СӵһǾ൱ʮǧ硣
ҲôģڶһԴʱҲ͸󡣡ͷ
ãȷѪѹءԯ
ҵһطԯʦҲʦ׾ͲһЩ󷨣˳
ʱʼѪһѪ壬ȫѪҺˡ
屻˺ѣֱѪ޸Ȼٴ˺ѣ˲ϵ˺Ѻ޸һıǿ
֮УǾ޴ʹҲľ־õ
һº
ˣ̹źͳԯЩĿ
ôԯѾȲʵ
ѾѪĴҲĽļޣҪɱ䣬ҪһЩⲿĴ̼ʱ䡣ЩѪûôġ
ʱھӵ壬ǲܵ顣
Ȼ˵ѪǿĽ巢ɱ䣬Ϊ壬Ҫʱ䡣
ЩѪȫС
Ҳһʱԯһ¡
ȻûаףȴһЩջѪȷʵģѪ֮ԼȻܸоķλָоѪָģƬռ֮п϶ֹһѪ
ԯ̹Ŷһģ
еȻһˣԼʬһҲҲԯ
ѪҵʬָҪʲô̹ͷôȥķأ
һʱ䣬˶ǳĬˣп϶ʲô顣


1956 ֵԲ
˸㲻ô£ǼȻҪȡԴǺ¡
ȷԴλãҲΪںѪ
ñʣԼ
ߣһ֮߳ؿһѰұһһҪвǡѾ֪ǱأȻҲȡһЩҪЩѧԺѧҲҪ
ԯ̹ŵ˵ͷҪץʱˡ
ʱȥĺܿ죬ת۾ǰ꣬ҵһٶֱ
ϣϡٵֲһЩǿıͷƬԼһЩʬ
ջ̫ãҲպϡ
ɡ
ԯ˼ж
֮˷֣ǸӦһϢ
Ǹ򣡡
˳Ϣڵλöȥ˸ոյʱ˺ȻֹסΡ
ǰ棬Ȼ˽ȵˡ
ֻһտƵֲǰһԲһһ׶ߵ֣黨

ӦԲΪ磬Ȼֻ
뵽ô
˿ԯʱ򳵺ԯһҶ
ˣ
ﻹʲô壬ֱ
ǲ쾭ô
Ҫ֣ʱȴǾˣ۵Ҳɢˡ
ֻԲɵ黨֮˷ܵıȻȻóһǴ󶦵
˶ɵˣԲҪʲô
Ǵǳ㼶ԯȴǳһ£
һӵг㼶Ŀɲࡣ
ѧԺ֣ʦر࣬ʦѧֵȽ׵ķ
ڿˡԲֹţȻóһľᣬǾ¼һס
ǲס
˴˿̶±ˣԲﾹȻҪ
ʼˣһһױȵʳ
˷ܵ˵ţȻóһʳģһֵ黨ݣһƴСĲ֪ʲô⡣
棬ɢŨϢ˵ľ
ȣȰŽȥԣǷŽȥ
Բ˵ţӽ˴֮У˰죬ȻԣһӦ𡣡
ԭû𣬹ֲûκεķӦ
һ飬һȼγɫ浽˴棬æóһѵĲྦྷӵ浱ȼϡ
յĺǴ˷Ӧ̵
һɹˣȻǵڶԣǷһֱɺɫ
Բ˷ܵóһӣϵط
һ㼶ԯһϸĶǹӡ
̹Ŵ˿̶һⶼ㼶ˡ
һֱ˰СʱԲ￴˿⣬üͷˣôˣ
ϸĿ˿ףⲽû
˴˿̶ǿˣԲһһðƳʦ
ȥô
̹ŵһ黨ݣһ꣬Ǽֵơ
Ͼ꣬ûҵôֲ
ʱЩֲҶԲȤЦЦ
Բ˼ԯ۾һЩ²⡣
ǱߣԲ
˾ͺˣֻǲ⣬ȥ
һˮ
˵ţóһƿҺ˽ȥ
ôҺ˵Ҳǧ
һ󡣡
ţЩƺϾʳˡ
һֱ˿һʱ䣬ʼһֲ˽ȥ
˿ĶۣԲıǸﰡôֲҪóȥң˵ҲҪʮҡ
Сʱͺˣֱ
˷ޱȣ͵ųһˡ
ʱȥСʱһգ۵Ĺ

֣ƿ˹
ֻ棬һƮ棬ЩֲѾӣνڲģһ̶ĳˮ
ôͼƬЩһ
ó˽ɫӣ뻹ʢһ
һӣԯȻǳףн㼶
н㼶
ҲˣոǴ󶦺͹ǳ㼶һн㼶ð
ǳԯ˿̶ζ
Ȼ㼶ʲô㼶Щ⣬Ҳ̫ݳ˰ɡ
ޣ
Բ˿Ʒζ˿һɫæ˳
ֳ˳⣬ǽ
ʧĽһƨ˵ϣȻץǲ׾ͺݺݵĸ˺ˡ
ƭӣƨףһ㶼óԡ
Ǵһ߹ȥǴĶһء
˶֪˵ʲôˣһϡֲһ⣬ˡ
Ȼζȷʵãǿźȥ϶мôġ
ߣǳȥ·һԲ򡣡
һƲԯ̹һҲЦ
ʱӰһ˳
Բ֮ǰæûע⵽ˣ˿̷ӦȻǴʧɫ
ʲôˣ
һƨͿ˹ˡ
ǾֱĿһ˷ѵ̫ϧˣôòϣһ̲
ԲŤͷ
ԼôʧܵһγԣȻ˿ˣö˰
ڷģϧˡ
ԯ̾һ·ңΨаʳɹ
ЦЦԯʦ˵еȻ䲻ɷֻԼˣûдҲˡ
˵ţԲͬ⣬ͰĶ˹
Ĺһ°ɣ
⣡
Բ˿ҲǷӦ˹˲֪ðģΪøߡ
Ҫ͵Լ͵
ʱҲϻóһѵʳģб㡢Ρ㴽ţƤӱɱŹǡī㡢ȵȡ
ЩʳȻǰЩʳĵ֣ʵϣЩʳľʲôģõԣѾΪѾʱȫͬ
Բ￴ĶЩ㲻Ҫ
ЦЦȴǲǰҪˮˮҪҪԳԳ
һֱʳģеʳķ󶦣Ȼȼͬʱһס󶦣ֻһССķ϶͵ǹˡ
Բﶼǿˣַרҵ
أˮڣһζɢ̲סǹ
ζ
ɶ̲סʵˮˡ
Ŷǽ𵭵˵ţһ㣬ζҲһ㣬û취ªҲûҵʲôõʳġ
⻹һ㣿ԲﾪˣûԼˮֹסôһŵ
ףЩȻһԵĳԯ̹ҲЩɵۡ
Բһ¶ʮ־Ŀ⣺֪׺󣬷ģֻҪԸңҿԳһҡ
٣
ֻΪԼˣһĪһɵӡ


1957 
ԲҲһ£ѵԼ̫٣
Ҫټӵ㣿
С
ɿһ£ָȷʵһ㣬Ͼ׿һݡԣǶһݡ
ڵ򣬲ȻҵǽĲ׻ܡ
Բ˵ͷôõʳһϹĲףĳλǿߴġ
ټʮң
ԲԽӵļֱӾͿʼǮˡ
û˵
ټӶʮ򡣡
ףԺһΪһĳӡ
˵ţͲɽ顣
һʮң
Բı˵ĶˣӼۡ
Щ˼ˣһĲҲͬˣˡ
˵ţһݲ׳
ǽȫԣ
ţ֣ϵͳСһӶûã͸˳
ԯʱȴȵһȣոԲ˶һֲֲ߽кü֣˼һ˰궼ûҵô࣬ҲԲ϶İ취ҵֲֻǻңȥ֮һʮҶδʮֲ߽ԸɴҪֲ
֮󣬰ͷ
ԲеĿ⣬ҪݹȥĲף˻Ǹѣһóôңҿĸͦġո˶һֲֲͦ࣬Ҫֲ˰ɡ˽ֲһһңֲ߽һʮң׵һҡ
ھŽֲ̫ϡˣҲû˵
ԲʱȴͷûʲôһݰҶһʮҡ
ʱ
һٶʮԼǵһԲġ
ôǮ
Щˡ
Ҫ֪һͨңҲͰңһֽ⻹ǰԼķʲôȫ˲С
Ǯʲô
һ£Ȼˣ˵ôҲ֪ԼжǮһǼеĿһֱˢûˢ
⻰Բˡ
ԯʱҲȥˣðһ䣬Ǽǲҵģ
ԲȻǼЭģôҼҵġ
˵ţųԯһĪɵ˵ӡ
ԯ˵ˣЩˡ
˺ŸңתˡԲѾЩˡ
תƨ˻ǰɣҲҪңҪֲֲ֪ôߺߵ
ԲŭŻˡ
Ҫֲ˵ôʲôסϵֲˣţȥҡ
˵ţԲӰһˡ
˻࿴˿Ȼûпô뿪ġ
ǿռ䷨򡣡
һ£϶ҲоκϢˣһǻΪһ
ԯ˿ЦˣǼһһ㶼£޿֡
Ӷ֮κԲﶼܡ
ܾԲûпô࣬ѹͲ˻֡
ǽţĴһ졣
ʱȥת۾һ죬ѵôɡ
ˣ
ԯǴŨ˿̶Щ⶯
־磬ڿڸ֮ӦͶϾˣܵĻӰ죬ȴǺ
ˡ
˵ͷɾոտһ˲䣬һԲӰм䡣
ԲˣҴ˿̿ǶʳģӶˡ
Գˣ
ӣͲͷˡ
ΣĵǼʱֲҪǲҹҿ϶ѷǽĲ׸㡣
ԲƲƲ죺ֲǶֲôҲأЩȸ㣬ȱģһҸ㡣
˵ţԲ澹Ȼ³ʮֲ
ֲ߽֡
ֲʮ֡
˴˿̶Ǿˣһʱ䣬ԲﾹȻҵʮֲ
ʲôٶȣ
ԯҲޱȾȣǿ˶λˣȻôһҵôֲ
ðһ£õһֲǽҵô˶೤ʱ䣿˿̿Բ۷Ź⣬һǸ
ҵģءҪǽĵطѹεĲˣûٵĵطҡԲ˵š
Ȼˡ
˿Բˣ뵽ոնԷȥֶΣ˰ɡ
ʲô֣ԯ˿ЦֻϵЦôЩ
֣ԲĬһ£Ҳ֪Լɶʶҵ˶С
С˵ͷ̫ˣһȷʵǱ
ԳԷôСѾˡ
Ҳϻó룬˷ˣ
Զһ·һĻ˿̶ԼۻˣλһλȻ޲簡
һٷԵ˶鲻С˶һܣþûܹôõʳˡ
״ģСʵ
ѧԺʳáҲڵ
ʲôطС׷ʡ
˵ȫߵĵطѧԺʳãʳ׾𵭵
ЩɢС˿
ȫߵĵطѧԺʳã
һ£ģ
϶ĵ˵ͷȻģʵѧһʱ䣬ǽʳף֪ľͻСҳ2888ȫԡȫ³ؾղ˴ȫŵˡȾΪһ㣬Ϲʱھؼ˵ȫЩζʳ
ԯ̹һԶˣϹĶûˡ
Сɲ֪Щ˿ֻ˷ܣѧԺôҪȥѧԺҪȥѧԺʳá
̾һʵôȥġʱҲˣʵ˶ѧԺʦɾҪѧԺʳãҲ֮ѣ͸ˡ
СȻʲôѧԺʦ
Ƕȥ
һ̾ϢӣСǸͬܣϾѧôյĵطܽȥѧϰһĵ顣
ԯˣĸ
ѧԺʦмԸȥʳģÿֳɵĲô
ĲܽȥѧϰһôҿԳңܶңСԵĲģǶѧԺʳȤŨˡ
Ѱ̾
ԯ̲סˣˣ㲻СֲôͲԺ֪࣬ƴ
Ǻǣһƴ㵱һ¡
С˿ЩˣֵܵطѧϰգԺԼô౦ʳô죬ԼҪΪʳҵ˰
𿴵СӣʱķˣԼҲʵƭȥˡ
ʵҲһᶼûС
ʲô᣿
Сѿھǵٴηϣ֮ɫ
֪ΪʲôҪЩֲôѧԺԺҪģֲôҵģǿ϶Ҳ٣ҿֲͦһ׵ģܰҵ㹻ֲʱԺһˣ˵ȥѧԺʳѧϰˡ
ĨôãڰЩ˵˳
ֲ뵽ѧԺʳá
ԣûë
ҵ㹻ֲԺһ˾ȥʳã
϶ġ
ԯʱҲǵ̹ȻЩ񣬲ĵ˵ͷ
ԣġ
㻹ʲôϽֲɡ
ҵֲԽ࣬Խ󡣡𲹳
ھʹȥֲС˿ԵΪ
۾һܾ
ߣһֲһ仨
Ȼ
ߣһֲ߽һڵ
㶼ܷ֣ôģ

ߣҸоһĽϢӦһѱҪô
Ҳҵⲻֲ
ŶҲңֲܵʳġ
˵ţҵνıȻһķ
˿СǱˡ
ǲʲôңСԽԽ棬һﲻһѰްɡ
ţҡС
²ĲСӦĵǸԯʱһ£ҲǴ˵еı棬Ҳ֮Ϊ棬һֺص棬˵ܸܵʵĲͬϢʵԡ
棿һ¡
ɲǱ棬ȻôôǿѰ
氡
ѧԺǸռ棬ǿĿռ񾳽ʦʱ硣
С棿
Цãԭ˼ҶԼ˵ôˣ˾ȻڲŷӦ
˵ʲôȻ˱档
ִı棬ƶᳬֻһ
ӵһ棬ǻӵ޾Դ
С˿̸ӼᶨԼ뷨һҪһƵѧԺȥ
һﱾһ

ôС֪ѾʶԼݣ˿Щĵô˿ҪƵġ
ÿ¡
˰ɣ


1958 
ʱЦˣҰô֪ܲڣǸҪˡ
˵ţСԴ࣬Ѿˡ
Ҫˡ
ôоʲôõ顣Сֹ
ôᣬ϶ˡЦЦ
˼ѰңСǼֱ
̶һ£˾ҵ˸ֱﳬǧֵô㶼һڵҡ
ղҲ֪˴׬ˡ
磬ϴζҽҪضĹҪгҪҪЩ֪˭ܴô
Сѯʵ
ΪһõĳʦҪһԼĹŲɡ
Զ߽ǰѧԺһʦڴˡԯʱһȻޱװƵվ˳
ԣʦԼ
ôǲҴԣֻҪϾͿԡ
Ȼö˵СһİѰҸֱڻ˳ԯӦ
˹ַˣеΪҪñһõʳģһʬ壬Ҫ޵Ĺͷ翪ܸ㶨ġʱƼ̹ʦѧϰĸֻҪѧˣ翪κιͷ¡Ƶ
ԣҪСͷʾͬ⡣
̹ʱ򲻺˼վ˳֪Լʲô
С˵ͷѧ
Ȼö˵Ǵһķֱ

ºоӦǴ˴νջˣû֮һ
Сǰˡ
СԷԴ
˿̵СȴǶţոѧһˣֽк⣬ڷϰ֮С
ʲô⣬ʵһͷ֪ʲô⶯ǽȻġ
ţζ԰
С֮󣬺Υĵ˵
ԯȥˣǺںһʲôζ
Сɲ֪Щ˷ܻˣģҵĺɹˣʲУҪͺˡ
⣿
סˣ㲻һĿ
˼жʱǲ֪Ѿߵ˱ȽϿǰλá
Ǻ棬˸ǽп಻
ô£Դӽ뵽һƬһһﶼûҵ
ˣֱ˾һ
񣬾ǡոѭһʵڵµֲȥ˭ֲ֪ĺúõأ֦Ҷïģ˭֪Ĺʵͱˡ
ȥ˭ôӡ

˿ɲ֪ЩʱһƬ޴ķ档
棬һϵ̮֮γɵġ
СᣬЩǰ棬кö౦
˶ʱ۾һö౦
ǻʲô
ಣ
ĵӰ˽ȥǰıﱻ˽ȵˡ
һ֮ҵʮ
ȵȣǰǴһ꣬оҵʲôս
ս
۾һսǾһб
˵ǷԴһ
ȥ
𼸺ǲ˼͵
ԯ̹ŷ׷׵ͷϴūó׹˾˽սȴǣ˴δز̵һЩô
СһޣӦöԶԶô
Ǳȥ˰ɣҸоǱΣա
СѾǸˣΣôܹء
ǲ˵Ͳô

ȻԶԣ㵹ǻѧá
˻ҪȥСҲֻܸȥû취˴ѧԺʳء
ѧԺʳã롣
˵ǲСΣգƾСǿ԰ԼӻֶΣ֮жδܻɱ
ٶȺܿ죬һľ룬Ǽ顣
ˣ
ſһ棬¶ĸԴ
ǳǰ濴ȥˡ
ֻԶһɽȵĵطʮλ˿̾Ȼסм˿Ϣ΢ѾΣա
ǡ
۾һϳɽˡ
˵ˡ
ǾȻΧΧǵһߣһΟߵķߡ
ޱȵͣצһţ׵ľץռľϵ
ؼЩߵܶ࣬в߶Ĺ
˼ˡ
ԯ˿Ц˵˱ʺǽЭ飬û뵽ǾȻ뵽־ء
ˬ찡
öߣЩߺÿ¡
СЩأתǵ񾳽⣬Ҫˣһζ
ǷһۣʱȻ뵽Ļˡ
Щߵ⿴ȷ
ע⵽ôЩߺ׷ɱǡԯҪ뿪Щ˲أȴ׷ǲš
֪ǸʲôŭЩֲķߡü
˵Щ߻Щǻ۵ġ
ôأЩ͸ˣЩ߲ûУһηƵġ
ʱǱߵŭѶЩȻǲưոݵġ
Ҳŭˡ
ЩΪʲô׷ǲţܲ
ΪЩߵĶЩ߲ضܷǡ
ǹҲ֮ǰǵʼٸߣ˿̹һһߡ
ߺߵʣֻҪЩˣһߡ˵ˣǿǾŽֲ޽һöͻƵ񾳽磬ԳԳ񾳽硣ô;ˣҷһöԲܷ
Ѫ㲻ԼЩսȥǺô
ֵģڵãΪǷ弸λˡ
ҲʵĲ˵ֻҪǶȡöʲôҪҲȡ
ʽȭͷһӻţһķ߱ɡ
ߵڼ࣬ԽԽ
ãڻǣȳˡ
ҧҧһѡŹ
ϲ˿ҲϻԶɶݣλ׷ǰסЩߡ
ǲ
һλֱӱҧ˸ȻֱӾҪ̵ȥ
ԮʱλѾֻаԴûбȥˡ
󣡡
ʴһӷɳߵĸ
䣡
߱ƤҲһݽɫȻһҧλ壬һԲԴʱ˳ȥ
λֻһԴ
̫ˣ
˿ţȴûгֵĴ㣬ʱȥ壬δȫˡ
£
ʿһĻֿ˿˵񣬴˿
ͷӳһȻֱӳһץ˹ȥ
Ƿ߿ʾȻҳֿȭԥľҧȥһҧ֮£Ƿˡ
Ǿҧ˸߽׵㼶ϣǱ˼š
£Ըǡ
˵ţʾѧٴ˺
ʱЩ壬ʵѾﵽס
ԯҲһЩ𾪡
ʲô壬һֳ壬޷𣬳ʱ䣬֮ҲٴԶۺϡ
ӳ֮£Ӳȿ㼶
Щ߳λ߸Ʋʵķ
ʵסЩ߲ڻ¡ߣȹԶˣЩ߾ٲģ϶Ҳߣȥ׷
׷ԯü
Ǹոע⵽ôǹ߬ŵöɫӣӦþ˵ľżֲ׷ȥҲлܰöӸˡ֮ǰǣлᣬԲö
еΣأδʱöԯ˵ͷ
ӰһǳŹ׷ȥ
û׷ȥһٸ꣬˾ͣ
Ȼ鷳ˡ˿̲֪˵ʲôãЩͬˣո˷ߵİΧھȻ뵽С
ҲЩͶǣոôս϶ֹһǡԯȴǵ
ܿܣܾˣֻҲû뵽ʻϺ󣬶ù˵ߡ
Щ˺ǿСԴһûôսֻ
̫ˡ
ǺǿؼǻһǾ񡣡ԯЩأλоһ̹ţ϶ľˣҲʮλ֮ࡣ
Ȼжʮһλ񣬿Ǵ˿̻ںӦ壬ֻʮλλˡ
˺ܲ
ɱǡ
ЦһֱӶ֣һȭͳŹ˹ȥ
ҧ˿ֻҲ㲻ֻӲӡ
䣡
һöַ˳ȥ
ӣ
ǹ䵽£С֪ɶʱѾʧˣڳֵʱѾǹӡ
˶ɵˣһﲻڰԻɡ


1959 
СԻΪӣȻٴξۺⱾѾǳԽһǿ
Ͼ壬ȻҲԶۺϣ־ۺǺܻģܵӰ졣
СƾǶûзĳ֣ͰѾŽֲ޽ˡ

Ҫˡ
ҲסͻһĻˡ
⵽ðԲ
ң
һǿɢ
ҲǶСвңȻɱ㡣
СԾ˺Щ
һӱôΧס̣˿ѾŻˡ

С˵öҾܽ뵽ѧԺʳˡ
ִ֣öһѧԺԺĶϾǾŽֲ޽Ĺӡ
ûôöô
ѧԺʳãʲôҪˣȻ֪ѧԺѧԺʲôϵ
ɶѧԺôﶼǵ顣
߲ԣЩ¡
Ϊ˰׸ԺʱҲˣĬˡ
Լ˵ĻԼСҵֲȼԽߣԽܽ뵽ѧԺʳá
Сˡ
ԸոСöŽֲ޽ĹʵŻȥᡣ
ЩˣСôôƭе̫ǶˡԯֻСһЩЩƭСĻʵûе£СˣΪƴ
̹źһͳԯôƭСЩ˳ˡ

˿̲ٵˣϱŷǿҵƣֱСȥ
ҪϾǹϵܲͻƵ񾳽磬ȻֻһɵĻᣬ㹻Ϊ˸һˡ
ҲͬʱˣҲ󣬴˿̶ȡǹؼ
ռ𵴣λͬʱ֣һǱƳҲѾĻˡ
䣡
Сڵĵطֱӱһ϶ǽľϵ¶˳
˶ǵһ
̶ȵĹʲôˡ
ȳɢһлָƽ˶סˡ
ֻԭСڵĵطˣ𡢳ԯ̹š
ؼʱ̣˳ˡ
ǰųԯ߼εذǱ
СɵĲԺһͬѧԺʳáͷСһЦ
СʱЩ
ѧԺʳã֮гߵĵط̫ˡ
ѧԺˣ
ŭɱ⾪ˣǣ
˵ʮλҲٵľۺϵһ飬Ҳһ
˳֣ˡ
ԯ˿Цʲô㣬㱣סô
ɫ࣬סҪԹ֪
ЦЦ˵ʲôȻˣıȻ˭˭
˲ѧԺ񣬿ǼȻԼҳȫǡ˵
˼Ȼ嶼ô˿һԵ񣬶Щ˵һߡ
ȻԸǴˣȻǰͲѧԺ˵ܾˡ
Ϊһö嶼Էβܣѡǿô̾һСҪһսˣҲһܱ㡣
СЩģҪҪҰǣ
ҲǺˣ֪˿ǵ˴鷳
ȥ
ЦˣڻȥôûС
֮ͲŹǣЩ˿϶һ򾡡
˵ˣ͵ˣҲǵĸһ㡣
ʲô˵˭˭ģ˵ҲˣԸҲô׵ġ֮ǰ˵ţȻСߣץСֱӳС˽ȥ
СûиӦֻоʲôȥ۾ɵĴ
Ǻ
Ȼˣˡ
ˣˣûԺôȥѧԺʳãأСҪˡ
СԴһ࣬СͷŪһһС̫ɰˡڱˣˣ˷ôõĻԵ
ԯһû˵
֪˵ʲôãʵһöпͻƵɾżģ벻ɡ
ˣȫС
оСΪѾ۷壬һöСӦþͻơ
û£һöСҲãȥˣҸûʱ䣬Ϊ϶˻һֱ׷ɱǡЦЦڣǵ鷳ҲСЩ˵ҪǸɱƵġ
񣬾ǡԯ
ͻȻСĶ棬ǳԯûзӦ
˷Ӧưոݡ
˵ͻƴ񾳽Ļᰡôһˣɱǣ˵ѧԺҪǲú
ɱǣһǹֱָޱȡ
ɱ
ͬʱ˵ҲǷ׷׶֡
סǣҪǵСͻơ
һһǹɨֱӱ˹
䣡
˲˵սһ飬˶ߣ˿ȻΧȻҲ·硣
죡
̹Ŵһһλ˵񣬾޴ĸӰ˺ʱգλ˵ѡ
ǾǾѣȻȫ
ǿ
һλЩأ˵ôɱˣҪһС˲
ҲǾλߣҲˡ
ѧԺ˴ǵΣգҪԶǿ˵ʮλ
ɱˣ
һ£
˲䣬ʮλҲֱ˶ȥ
ɫ䣬ˣȻҲǳǶʮһλΧˡ
ڰǣ
һ˵ȴǾޱȣ¶ϲɫ
Ҳ֪ô£룬ȵ֣ɱѧԺˡ
û˵ѧԺ˱ɱٻɱЩ˵߲١
սǣԽԽ
˽вѾ޷סС
˵Щǲɵѵôɱǣֻĸ졣ԯŭǰɣҴǵļỹõġ
˵ţȻſ˷һ˵ץȥ
ͬʱ䵽˳ԯϡ
ԯһѪ˳ʱˣһԲשһץԴȥ

˵ֻо궼ǱԲסˣ˿Բһײ
䣡
һ죬屻Բҵķ飬ҲǱҵķ飬ҲǱˡ
һ˵
λߣ񣬴˿̶һ׷׺ˡ
˻
ԯȻˣȴɱһλ
ɫѿǹˣһλǿĹ
ҲòϣѧԺ˺ǿ

ԯ˲ǵѪȻ̲סҵҪǴңм˸ᡣ
û֪ԯܼܳĹʮγԯ˵Ҫ˸ԯС
ˣ
ţȫſֱ˻ǲҪĴ򷨡
Ҳô˵ȷԻɱˣǵҲϳʮˣû
һǾȻˡ
Цˣ֪ƴˣﻹȵڡ
˻
˵ţ˿ǱһһС˿̵úܡ
ҧһʱҲ֪ôá
ܵˣ˵¶⣬ûԸȥ
ǱߣȻһսͣǴ˿Ҳࡣ
ʱһ
а취סеһˣȻֻɱʣµˣѹСܶ࣬ӦòöĴۣɱˣô
ǣ
һ⴫ľȻǾλ
㲻ɱôҺлᡣ
ɱǣ᲻ֶᷴԸǡ
ᣬΪѾˣǵͬûˡ
ͬ飿
ˣ˵ӦˣʲҪЩˡ
ٹʱҪľˡ
ãҴӦǡ
ҧҧзݵ
ЩѶ˵˶Щ𾪡
ǷˣǱѧԺûжĳޣǹˡҪٺֶԸѧԺǳɹˣȥ֮ѧԺҲŹǵġ
ǲܰѾŭѧԺûлͷ·ˡ
䣬ĻԵᣬʧȥ񾳽ʱͷˡ
һƴҲ衣


1960 ƴ
õ϶Ļش΢΢ʾһĸλ
߻⣬Զʼ
𡢳ԯǲ˲ԣʱֻӰ̹ų˹ȥ
˾һƿǺսһѿռ˺ѿĿռ飬İſһĺɫ

̹ŭһȻΪʵһ㣬ѿռ䶼顣
ͬʱеľ޸Ӵ𣬳ǰȥ֮оǳһ־޴ޱȵ
䣡
һɫĶƣһ˶棬˼ޱȵٿо귢

Ƴܲסһӵĺһѷ졣
Ǿޱȣ̶ֳȵĹǾ֮жһġ
ƣǿӷ򣬿̹Ŵ˿̱ǸǾˡ
˴˿̶˳֣ҲһĻ𾪵ˡ
۷ĽһƿĿռ䣬Ҫ͸߲ռ䡣
ƿ߲ռ䣬ǴѾ񼶱
۹ĻҲ̹ʦԵĻЩû̹ʦĶ֣Χɱ̹ʦҹôҲҪʮλٴǧϵпܡ
߿ӵٴǧӵٴǧѾǸ߽ˡ
ͷĹⶼҪַģۺģǴ򲻹ǺȥδӮԯ
ЦЦǸԼƣĴ˭Ӯʵܲ˵
飡
ɫĶˣԳԯ۹ܿһ㼶ķ
ǣַҲûеֵס̹ŵһӡ
һӵҲ˰˳ɣ̹ջظӣŰٴһӡ
һҪˣ϶ҪһΪĽֵס
ɾʱ򣬰ǸһĨЦ
ŶƵַɳһɫԲԲҫ۵ĺ⣬ȻͿԲһɫС
ã
𡢳ԯɫ΢䡣
ǿˣԲȻһ档
̹űһգ۾ʱЩʧȻûзӦͱɫи˽ȥ
һУŹȵŸʲôɱ
ҲӦ˹û뵽ȻƳɵķַȼѾﵽ˸߽㼶ˡ
ΪΣ棬ӳҲûô׵ġ
һ̹ţʮλΧɱͳԯַĻøĴۡ
ɱ
˵һȺ߻ЩԥϾǹȻ¡
ЦѾѧԺڲɱǣҵ˻ᣬҲһɱǡڶʲôʱˣ
λ˵߳Ĭ
ɱ
˲ôˣǻš
̫ǿҪǵԵ˭ǵĶ֡

ʮλ֣˺ȫļƲߡ
ʮһֳ飬ʵгսһΣգһλ
ͳԯԽԽ
ԯķ˿ɫ԰ף汳ģҲ˼ˡ
飡
һԯһһȭС
ۣ
һѪҲһ飬һѪⶼ˸һ㡣
ڣҪ
˿˻ᣬʱʮͬʱ֡
ԯŭǻƽȮۡ
һн㼶ػͬʱԲ򷨱ɳһ˹ȥ
䣡
Уؿڱҳһ

оԲ澹Ȼһɻ֮塣
꣡
ѿˣһϵѪȫը
û֧ţ̼Ҳˡ
ţˡ
ڶλ
ҲʱλĹ䵽˳ԯϡ
ǲ
ԯĸ첲һУһֱ˺壬ֱӿĹͷϣײ
ԯĹͷ¶ˣǾȻһɫĹͷ

ǵ˳ԯĹͷ֮УĿȥһ硣
ͬʱһì̴˳ԯؿڣȴԯεץסˣⳤìҲ˳ԯࡣ
⻹һλ˵ץס˳ԯСȣָץѪۡ
ԯʦ
𿴵ŭѡ
ȥԮȴ˲סûлᡣ
ɱңЩ
ԯţԲɳȥֳֳǹӾȥ
ǹͼʶԲŵǹҲҪˣתܡ
ܣԯһڣԲֳųֵȥǳֵҲŻˣεͳ
ԯٴδ߶ԲҲŵķ׷׺󳷡
ȿȣ
ԯ˿ߵˣ˵ϻһȺȮһܻڿֻܻˡ
Ѿɱλһǹһߡ
Ҳ˵ٻɱһλߡ
ΧɱԯһȺɫأһʱ侹Ȼû˸ǰ
ҲǶݣôΧɱȻɱλͬǺεȵ׺
ѾپʮŸǧ磬ﵽޣҪԳԯҲûκսʤԯġ
Ѿǿ֮ĩڲƶѣһϣֻҪСĵ㣬ɱκˡ
ֻҪɱ˳ԯʣµһ͸Ϊˡ
˳һ£ϾҪһˣҲһԼҪлᣬǿ϶ǻ֡

Ҳ֪Լһͷá
˵ţ˳ԯ
ҪǾˡ
ԯеԲ򱬷貵Ĺâȫۡ
ɫ΢䣬ʩչһˡ
ɱ
һʱ֣ȳԯȫۣһ˵ĸʺܴ
˿Ҳǲٵˣ׷׳֡
Ӱ˳ԯǸóԼǿĹһƱҪɱԯ
ס֣
ɫҲ˲Щˣǹ̴һؿڣһ˶Է塣
ԷûзӦһغˡ
ʱ򣬰һȭҲؿڣֱӰ˳ȥ
˲Щˣͳ˳ԯס
Ȼˣһɡ
Цţ׷ɱȥһն
ɣ
ɣ

ŭš
ɾʱһ⻮գŹϯȥ
ǹֵģ˾ȻΧɱѧԺʦ޳
˭
һֻоԼеһжҪһնϡ
ҲһҲ˲׷Ӷݿ


1961 պͿ
ת˲䣬ڳԯ߾γһƬ
˷׷׺ˡ
һͳԯȥҲ¶˾ɫ
ÿֲһоʱնиһζεġ
ɫһ
ԼֱۣȻһֱֱۣۻڵѪ
ҲǺأг˵ǡ
ռڻָ֮һģӰڲϵʵ
գ
ϳˣŭȻ㣬̵ͽ
˵Ҳһȫǲš
Ȼա
ֲһôǿʲôǿߣޱȽӽ񾳽磬ȫΧɱ
ΪգλʮһλʮԪ涼ûеشʧ
׷ɱգȴյӰӶûҵ
û뵽վȻ
ĬȻ֪Լĺܿͳԯ
ȻԼѧԺˣƸ飬ȷǩ˵ġ
ա
ɫ΢䣬˵ӰΪ涥ļյû
֮ǰ˵պǿƼԸǿˡ
ʦлˡ
ԯ֪յģɢȥϵβƴˡ
ֲ̹ŵĿȱҲЩˡ
Цһû뵽ؼʱȻճ־ǡ
Ҳϻó˼ŵҩͳԯˣʼָơ
͹һĻȴǱ壬ҳ֡
գոպʦȻѧԺ䣬֮ǰ֮оʹǼѧԺŻָΪȻ֤ʵˡ
ճĬ޷
ĬƬ̣տһ򣺡λѣô
һˡ
ͳԯһͿһ򣬹Ȼô
ô
һֻռԶ߷ֿһӴ˳
ӽŲȿռˮһ
ղʶӣȴ뵽ʲôɫѿˡ
ˣ
һ£ʧ
λȻǴѧԺߵĿˣǿɶǼ˵ġ
ʦԯʦ̹ʦþò˵һЦǶûʲô⣬ߴ汾ԴϵͳѧԺҲû׷ɱѧԺ˸м
֪ǡɺɵʵҪ׷ɱӲ
þòһЦԿˣ֪˵ʲôˣλ˿ѧԺ˲Сİӡ
֮һţѾϳ˿˵ݡ
ź濴˿֪ˣ
Ҳ˶䡣
˵ٶǰѧԺԺ־ȹһˣ˾ǰλˡ˽ѧԺѧԺԺѧϰ֮Ϊֻǲ֪Ϊʲô˺ȴǴѧԺˡǿ˵ѧԺʲôҲ֪Ǽ١ѧԺ뿪֮󣬿ֱ񾳽磬֮жǼǿĴڣΪֹѾλС
˵ЩҲߴλ˺ǿ
Ͼɱλ񣬾Բߡ
ҲĻȴǺߵ˵ˣλ
һλ
˸ǺȻϾҶǸ߽ɱͽ񶼲ô׵ġ
뵽ǽ֮ɱ˵˵š
ɱ㵱ʲôˡ
˿Цá
ʵԵɱλҲ¡
Ҫһǻɱͬλ񣬻Ժ
һ壬Ҫܵˡ
һ԰ˣܾͲǶˡ
һʮԼϣҲǶΣա
ͬ޵в޵Уͺñ˵Ե񣬿ɲ˵Ͳܺһսˣһٸ֣Ҫ˱ᡣ
˿գҲѧԺʦȻˣ϶ܾôݲճ˰ɡҲѧԺЩԨԴ硭
˴˿̶һʲô
ʱֻЩĮɱô
һ⣬˺λǻжʮλء
ɱ⣡
ôĿ
ǰЩһﵽʲôͷҲ̫˰ɡ
̫ˣɱûôףҲϲɱ¾յҪɱԱ㣬ҿ԰סеİˣҵļޡ
ǻжʮءš
Ҫɱҿ㡣Цˡ
ҲԡԯһЦղס˸ˣʣµĶʮˣ˻һս
ʱһ촫
ֻǸ̹ŵ棬Ȼһ˺档
汻ˡ
ɫ䣬ס̹ҪˣֻǸ
̹ʦԣͳ򿳡
һС
ʱע⵽С֪ʲôʱ򲻼ˡ


1962 ٴ
䣡
һ촫ֱӱһһͨ
һ״󺺴˳̹š
̹ź滹һԲ򣬲С˭˿̵СѾΪ
ͻˣϢͻˣһ뵽̹ŵ֮С
ɫѿһƶɣžϵСʲôʱȥģȻûио
Сɫء
ԲļһƺЩ򵥡
̹ʦãǶʮ˸ӮˡЦԣҪټһСԸǶʮ˸
СһС׵ĵ˵ͷ
ǶϿɡ
ǻʲôְɡ
ѾЩȲˣǳĻȻ
Σ˵˵ҪҲֻܰճŵסеİˡ
֣
֮ǰǱƵôңתȻ֡
˲䣬ͳǹ˹
ͬʱ̹һӾͳŰȥҪոձ֮
ԯ˲ᣬսڣֱһλеԲ򷨱ԪֱӾ˹ȥ
ɱǸ췭ظ
˴Ժ֮´ָ汾Դϵͳ޸Ŀռ䷨޸ģ޸ǳ޸޸Ľ֮޸ľ֮޸֮޸ˮ֮޸Ļ֮޸編޸֮򡭡
ϰַ޸ģΪγһרķ
֮Уλλ˸оԼܵżһ
ҲЩĿſˣҲо˿Ƿ˼
ı䷨򣡡
ţֻıһַ򣬿ɿ񾳽羹Ȼˣͬʱıôַ򣬼ֱǷ˼
ȥԮճˡ
ǵĶҡ
˵ţһץһסˣλ˵ߣλߡ
ֻоһ뵽Ǵڵʱ䳤֮УҪսǴڵʱ䣬˿̾㶼Ǿ֣ﻹȥԮͿʼȥ
˵ǣסˣԲڿЦʵ
С˿ԥ˰췢ֺûʲôԼܸɵġ
Щ˴Ķ̫ˣЩ¡
ˣԼǶԶɡ
ɾʱһ˴ССӣҽǧаǧаĹʵǲԸΪеģƣҪǲǶ֣Ĳҡڲһٴˣֻ뿪뿪֮ѧԺҲѹһᣬʤ󡣡
СȻ뿪ܰ㴫ʲô
ǺܶöԷĪ
ǧаΣ룬ҾҲֱӾô˰ɣȻ˵λ׷ˡ
С˵ͷԭ±ֲá
һ£ٴһ£ʱԶս֮Ҿֱ뿪
ΪʲôҪ㣿
ֻҪңҿԸһ˽ֲҰҵģ֪
˽ֲСһתˮˣһζã˵ˡ
ţҹˡǧаĹ˿ȴǵͷС
úãСһȴֱӭȥ
ǿֲƣһ
ӣ
ǧаһȭС
СŻˣЩ֣һȭЩֲ
ǧаҲǷӦ˹ԼôһСˣǱ߼λɱ
ϾǰԲҲŸոͻƵ񾳽ѡ
ŵļæô׵ģܵ˷ɡ
䣡
ȭͷСȭͷײһ飬СɳȥǧаΪɣҲһѪ˳
˶ȻСһȭǧаѪˣҲ̫ǿ˰ɡ
ǿ
ǧаһ˵ţݼֱǱˡ
СҲ˷оӡ
ңҪ㣡
ǧаǧаСʾһԶս
СﲻףϷôҶ
ӣոҴˣ
ǧаһʱ֮侹Ȼ൱
ԯɵˣСոͻƣսӣʵ̫Ʋţȫһ֣ɾȻܺ˵ĵﶷ൱
̫˰ɡ
˵Ҳһҵ̡
˲ʮغ뿪սģȻսԽԽԶ
Щģ뵽СǷ˼ǧаɱСܣһǧаǵʤִһ֡
Ǹʲôǰɡ


1963 嵽
أСǧаԶս
ˣˡ
ǧаһ£СȻЩ䡣
ɱģɱС
ǺܺõĻᣬɱС֮뿪Ҳû׷
СȻ֪ҲǵĿ£죬˽ֲҡ
ǰ˽ֲЩˮ
ǧа۾óһɫ׸ߵֲֲ濪һѩС
ͬʱһֻȴǲһѺɫ̽
ǰ˽ֲ
СˣӰһˣžȻĳǧаǰ
ǧаһô£
һôģ
ûзӦİ˽ֲҲˡ
ʲô⣬һйŹ֣
ǧаЩʲô
ʱˣΪʲôЩ˲ԭǸһ㲻Сİȫ
ʱҪһˡ
ԼǳɱСʱɾֺ߲ãԺѧԺŹ
̾һ˶Сֵ˼̽
ԼǲҪˡ
ˣҾˡ
ǧаЦŵʵҲǾЩң͸ոԼҪǲ뿪Σա
ѧԺλʦټպͿˣȻ˵ܰȫնɱˣɱ˾Բѡ
Լ뿪ȷԻ
һ˽ֲҲֵˡ
ȵȣոպӣôңٸֲ߽
Сסǧаȥ·ȻôԼ
ǧа˵ʵòã㲻ôôˡ
ҡ
㲻ˣ´㣬ʦǴ㡣
㻹вˡ
ǧаˣӿɵģ˿ôͻȻԴˡ
Ҹô
ǧаҧҧԼȻթˡ
һ˽ֲˣֲ߽ʲô
ٺ٣
ǧаóֲ߽С˷ܻˣȻôɵˣԼֻŻһ£ȻָԼֲ߽
ǧаĿСһۣʲôҲ˵ͻΪһ뿪ˡ
СջķᣬҵİԼŪľܻȥˣЩʤӡ
С
ԯע⵽˻С
С˿̵ǧаҵĶ֣ˣˡ
󣬽
Էʲôֶ֪Ҫ˵ûʲôеĽף˭š
̫޳ˡ
ʱһȴֻһƺһλߵԴ
䣡
ԴѿҲݻ١
һλ
޺ӹ
һĻɫࡣ
һһǹֱӴ̴ļ

ץסĳǹŭޱȡ
ǲЩǹһֱ˹ֱۡ
ȥ
ԯǱߣĶԪҲٴγ֣Ƶ˼˵Χһλߡ
λ䡣
ƶˣԽԽ
ʹ죡
˵ţĴ߶汾Դϵͳ
ҲǴ߶֮ƱҪնɱλߡ
տͷЩ˶ɱԺôˣֱɱΪ֡
һȺӣ
Ҳʱգٵƿ
ˣ
һҲһ
Ӧ˰˷ߣ˹
ѡˣƽٴת
յҲɫ΢䣬ҪߵĻǻü
ˣûߵ˼
Ǳߣһ·ɱ
ɵǰ֮󣬳ɵˡ
ѧԺλʦλһλѳգһλЩİô˺ΧסˣЩͷ󣬹ôҵĳʲô
˺ΧסˣΧס˺ˡѧϬһӾͿ˳ϵƣôˣ
Ҳǲף˵ʵļ²ѡ
˵ǿû뵽ǿ̶ȣһսԼλ壬Ȼȫ·硣
֮⣬λѧԺʦҲǿĿ£̹ţȻǿ߶൱ѹ˶ԷöԷ˲СĿ
պͿˣ˸ĸоҲһ֮еĶǿߡ
ˣʵҪԶ˵˼һ
ʣô죿ѧٳʱ֪ð˭ˡ
ˣǲǺֶԸѧԺô

ѧԺǺ˵Э鲻ˣǺòİ֡
ֹǣڲںĵʱ򡣡ʳһ£ȵס֣
˵ˣͣΪüͷʾ⳵ԯ̹֣ͣϾʮλߣʱҪһЩӵģȻ֣˵ȶԸǡ
ԯ̹֣ͣҲ֣ЩΣҲֻͣ


1964 ˵
ҲѸ˵һߡ
ֻһսλ
ǹ
Ǭ
޺ӹ
Ҳλߣһǽģһħġ
Ҳأ˵嶼˱ıԵ
ڣ廹ʣʮλΪ׵ľֱ۱飬ʵ󽵡
ˣβǰ뿪ǧаĿǰʣʮλߣҲƲᣬǹҲ˼ޡ
巽棬Ŀǰû䣬Ҳмλˣ˻Ǻ˺ܶࡣ
ѧԺ棬̹ᣬԯء
պͿˣûκεƣȫӳʵ
еСǧаһٴҲûκεˣսߣԺԲơ
ڷϵƣд㡣
ʣҲˡΧǣҪǸ浽ȥҲһ𵭵˵ţҿ˾Եףְ˺һˣҲ͵Ϊˡ
ƨǸѧԺ֡ŭȵԼûд
һͷȻ˵ġ
֪ģڹؼʱ򶼿ܺ֡
ոʶѧԺʵͲ²ǲ˲ѧԺ˵Ķ֣Ⱥˡ
һЩǸоΣЩ뿪
壬һֱûʲôøС
ôģ˵Ǳɱġ
룬ʴʦǵĴУǽӦҲԴھͺľܿԵԴ¾ˣҲûʲôʧ˵׻׬ˡ
˿ԯƣʵףĲٴˡ
ȥǽ˵ԯĸȴܴ
ԯʦʣȥĻѧԺ
Ҳô׾ЭģصʣѾɱλߣ˫ܺƽദȻѾˣûնɱ˵ʵֻҪ岻֣ɱ˵ⲻ󡣡
һܵɱġ
ʣµһѶˣЩȻװģȷ뷨
ӣ
ʿЩ𾪡
жһһܺ䶯飬˵һҪɱʮλ
ѧԺ˹Ȼǣ˵ĹЩͬˡ
ѧԺǽһ٣Ժ϶ҪʱѧԺ˱С
ʦ˰æȡѣܿǱɱȴ޶ԡ
ҲҪѧԺΪУ
Į˵ţʶ΢΢üƺв
Ҳ˼ֻм䲻ʦһӡֻҪѧԺʹ˰֣ȥ֮ѧԺöǧ
ʺΣʱҲòѧԺһЩô
Ȼ϶ˡ
ʼȻô˵ˣҲ˵ʲôһһҲֻҪһ̨ף˿ԸѧԺöǧٺòҲҲһЩʧ
ʲô
Ҫ˻ɱλߡ
ЩĿҪ˵ˣǣ˵϶ᱨǣ϶ܺٺˣãҺ͹һ¡
ǻɱλߣܣǵʵ塣
ҪǲӦѧԺ˲֡
ʣһΣֻҪԸ֣ټˣѧԺЩ˱ɡ
У岻ѧԺ˳֣ܺ
ʹϾܾƺĳûбأ
ʣѡ
ҲѣҲм˵飬Ȼս˵˽ҪȫҲƢģЩõһһɱʱǻɱһλ
Ըְæ⵹ǿԡһ£˺һһ࣬ɱλѡ
Ǿô˵ˡ˵ţʼ
ǱߣҲ˶
ʱѾ˲ԣ⼸Ȼǡ
ӣ
һȳԶӴܡ
Ҳˣŷߡ
ɱ
ʺ͹˿ͬʱһ
һʱ䣬еıӾͳһȥһס˶ԷȻڶԷֵ֮оͰѶԷק˸ǰ

ԷѲ̿ޱȡ
Цֱӱ¶Լ壬һȭͳԴȥ
䣡
Դҵķ飬ѪȳǺȻ
Ů˺ñ


1965 
ͬʱһһ˵ߡ
Էһڰ⣬ȴӭͷͱ˵飬һغˡ
ǲһʱ䣬λôɱˡ
𿴵һĻЦˡ
ԯſɢλСȥѶջ
Сһ£˹ȥôҡڵİսƷˡ
ΣһҲû˵ʲô
սƷҲͱͳԯߣϾһЩĶ϶ǼֵƵġ
ʣȻ˵ͣѧԺҲͷһô˵ӻҪġ˵ţʹ˹֣ɽģˮսټ˵кĻᡣ
ʦǾٻˡʰͲϽ뿪ѧԺļҪǲߣҪء
ЦЦֿ˿գԺһֱ߶㣬ɶʱѧԺ
ճĬתˡ
ԯһЦԺ˵İôô¡
ҲЦЦЩյ뷨
Ǳ̣ɱλʮһλҪôͶѧԺĻ͸ˡ
ʦԺɻã
ЩȻʵҲˣ뵽ǡɺˣЩ¡
汾ԴϵͳôĶܵʵֲ̫
Σǽŵط㱳ѧԺҿ϶Ҫն㡣˴γ־ǣǷһ顣ȥ֮һԺģȻ˵Ժԭ㣬˴εĶ飬Ҳٻ㶯֡Ժ㻹ǺΪ֮ȻΪɵΪδû
˳˹֣Щм
Ǻ뻯ѧԺìܣҲһ
ǡ
˵ţ복ԯ̹ԼСһ뿪ˡ
գҲϢʧˡ
ѧٴ˿̰֪̾ѧԺֺˡ
ѧԺȻ࣬ǶȻжʮһ˿ɻѧԺ⼸
ˡ
ھҪأҲûˡ
֮ӣ
ʺγ֪ЩҲЩСѧԺˡ
Ǳߣüͷǧаأϵô
һӺߵǧа˵Լˣû
˶ǱĲѣСǸոͻƵܰǧаˣƭء
ʴҲ֪е飬ЩЦá
棬ȻȤˣǸǧаЩСˣĴˡ
Զһ֮УǧаЩĵһȺѧԺλ񣬶ʵǿĿŵΧɱѧԺʦǳɹˣȥҲǸ
ɲ飬Ųô
뿪һٶ֮󣬾ͳʼˡ
ǽʱ򣬴˲̫ϾƵĵҩƷɵûУǰƷɵмŵġ
Сǰһߣ֪ʲôá
ԼôϡͿͻƵ񾳽أڻû⡣
ҪЩ񾳽겻ͻƵĲ֪ҪǿǾŽֲ޽ĹӰ񾳽綼ˣǾȻͱһˡ
̫ˣ
һսϢҲڴ
ϾսĶ̫ˣΧвڿһս
̫ˣλôˡ
ѧԺλʦǿ֮бȻǰеġ
վȻΪѧԺʦһôɾǣס˰λǿˣʧôһλ϶ͻƵ񾳽š
˺ѧԺ֮䵽ʲôϵҲǿס
ôҲͼС

ĳĽ棬񾳽ĳսʿڳ洫Ϣ
ЩħЫ֮ĳսʿΪǽȡԴ
𣡡
ħЫ֮յ˳սʿϢҧг
ô䵽ء
һᣬһҪɱ
ħЫ֮ԵѾѧԺûбҪŹˡ

ʱȥת۾ꡣ
̹ᣬѹԯ󣬾⳵ԯҲֻǻָ߰˳ɣûȫָ
ôˣ
ԯʵһʱе㳤ԴѾ˰ɡ
ЦЦûУǽ絹ǱѹεĲˣҺ̹ʦѹʱȽ磬СҲѹ˲ٵıǰ˽׵ֲҵʮꡣ
СһԾ죺ϧܸˡ
Цã˽ֲˣҲС˵⻰ˡ
Сһµڼ˵õѪʲôҪˡ
ԯ̹ŶһЩ


1966 Ĺ
ԯʱѾˡ
ѪãʹѪ֮󣬿ԸӦĵطȻΪ֮
Ѫ֪ж٣϶кܶࡣ
ϾµѪҲ޵ġ
ҲۼеѪ֮󣬲֮ء
ڣʵ֮صΧûнĵش
˵ӵ߷֮⣬һҿֲ񽢣֮Ϊۣ֮һƶɡǵڣû˷֮۵Ĳкһ£˵
֮۳ʱ˶ˣȻ϶֮ءԯһ£ô֮ۿˣȻͱҵˡ
һٷȴҲòʲôȷеѶϢ
ʱȷʵҪȥˡ
Сˡ
Ŷ
СԼڿĲף˲ʧˡ
ǽ磬ӡ
ѭѪĸӦһ·ȥ
طѧԺĲѧҲУҲջ
֮һ
糤ǸС֮ڣҵʮֲʮϡϡл˵
׵˵ͷЩôѾ󣬲׵ԱȴǺģЩֲԼԱܸƳƷɵȥ۸ᷭʮһʺܿɹ۵ĲƸ
л֪׿ЩҲûϽɵ顣
֪״˴νĿģѧѾͻƵ˽߼磬ѾȲˣǽ֮ҵͻƵĻᡣ
ڻǽ൱񾳽磬׵ĿǰΪߵľȻƾ
˿̵ƾҲڣȴһɵӡ
ƾȥģ
ˣ㵽İôҡ
ƾţ׵Ļæ糤㰲žС
Σƾ˴ν˵ľǿˣ֪״ʲô⡣
ֻƾԼ֪Ͷʿô˵˶۷ʵǲǸԼõرʱˡ
ɰ˼񾳽磬Լȫֿɵˡ
뵽Цĸˡ
ԼǣͶ˿ˣ
糤Ǳж
һ׵ԱָָԱһӦ֮ԸӦԶشȲ
Ҳǿ׵ջ񲻴
׵˵ͷߣȥ
ʮλ׵ԱѸƶȻǽΪ൱񾳽磬ÿ˶ͨƶٶȲһ١
ܿ죬ǾҵԴǾȻһڰϵĺ֮ڡ
Ǵ洫ġ
ȥ׳
ಣ
ʮ˽뵽ˮ£ʱǾͷ˲ԡ
ˮޱȵأÿһζһȽ״ﲻףֱӾͻ顣
Խ£ѹԽ
ǵ嶼˿̻ҪѾ޴ˮѹ
Ǳߡ
ԱָָȻЩص棬ҸӦĻǿңǴ˿˳ˮԵܸоһɼǿҵϢǰһȫҺγɵһ
ʱ˵׵ԱҲǸӦˡ
֮ǰӦЩˮϢϢԵô΢׳̶ֳȵϢһر
ر׵ԱҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ҵ飬ʮˮһѸٳϢԴȥ
ʮӺǵˡ
ֻǰ֮ףҲǴĵĵطﾹȻƯһκɫѪҺ

Ҿر
һ˶Ǻͣͣһβ֪ʲôֱ̺ˡ
ˣ˿̾Ȼһٶڽ֣Щ˵Ŀ궼Ѫ
Уʮλ֮࣬Ҳˡ
Щ˾ۼΪѪҺ
ȲһʲôǿԼ侲ֱҲԼҪѰҵĻԵ
ԱҲҵ飬׷׵ѧԺĸϵͳСɣСȥݿ֮м
ʱһһȥ֮˽
Ѫ
Ѫ뵱ǷֵǵѪһģһ
ѪǲѪҺţ˿еһжõ˽͡
־磬ѪҺˣһѪҺѪҺ֮Ȼ̺ǿ
ӦѪ
˼ţѪֲǳ֮Ѫǳ֮ãӦþмǿĴЧ
ֻҪһξͿշߵɱ䣬ߵĽױס
ЩһѪδǿ˵ġ
糤ô죿
ѯʵ˴˿̶Щ⶯
ƾ£ҲЩʱظ˷˼Ϣȴ֮ǰһǽ֮и޷Ѷ

ţ˵һ֡
û뵽ڱȽΧĵطһѪ
ȻˣǴԵԺֻڡ
ҿһѪˣ˶УҲв٣ǾˣȻֻΪսһЩǿӦǸһһ˸ովͻλΧлָָһëӣһսÿһ̺һǧ
ǿ潻֣Ҷ붼Ƕ֡û֪ԼҲֻһһʵҲֻķݣƾܻܲ
һһǸ߽˳ٸǧ磬ҳ磬ǧһ٣ʱǣסԣɱѡʱսĻܻܡƾҲҲ֪ңȻΪͻƵĿ죬ͨʲôģһ㣬֮ͬڣѧԺҲǵ׵ġ
㵹ʵڵĽ
糤ˣҿѾסˣϾҪȡѪˡлЩȻϣܶȡѪͻƣԺ׵ĵλҲ͸ˡ
ԼƾеϣȡѪܡ
ٵһ£˰ѪΧ˸Ĳˡ˵ţʼʱ׼֡
ʱĹȥڳϳ˾޴ı仯
ǻëӺȻһȭһϣֱӰλ嶼ıˡ
ţǷһȻתһһӡ
ǾһǹҲǴ̴˽ëӵСǽëӸᣬһͰӵԴһ롣
˴˿̶Żˣ׷׺󳷡
Ѫҵģ
ëӴȵûҪȡѪ
ȫ֪ˣʱ򣬰ǣסˡ
˵ţеĳǹֱŽëӶȥ
ëӻͷȥֻоռ֮гһڵ㣬־ҪȥץǺڵĿΪǹֱӴ̴ӵơ
˭
ëӸоĵʹʱڿ˸ųǹס
ޱȷŭԼȻһ͵Ϯˡ
ɱ
״˿ȼգ˫ȭŽëӺȥ
ÿһȭʹ֮ܣÿһȭ޴󣬴بŲ־ޱȣԼԼҪ˺ǽһ㡣
ȭ֮£ѣ
ȭȻȭĵ졢ȻبšֻءԪ˰
ȭһǾŽͨ
һ˲䣬˶ǾޱȣôֲĹôһġ
ëҲǾޱȣո֣вѾȫû˷Ŀܣֻܱ
һƣҲﵽĽױԴ𣬿һȭȭ䵽棬ֻǵ˵ȭĽױԴƾͳѷ죬ȭȥһΪƬ
ȭؿڣȫϡ
飡
ȭӵ岻ϱѣһѪ̲ס˳
Ǿ֣ͬʱҲǷŭޱȣ˼Ҳ״һȭ
Ϊ׻㿪ȴˡ
׸㶼㡣
һȭؿڣϵһĽױԴս˲飬ʱЦˣһֳѪץ˹ȥ
ã
ҪѪ
ס

Χ۵ҲڷӦ˹׷׳ס
мλķ
ã˾Ȼˣôõ顣
ץסˡ
׸ǿϢޱȣƾסһӣ
ƾ˿ˣǰʮλʮλͬʱ֣סЩˣ㻹ô
׵Աûô࣬Ѹٳȥ
Ϊ׵磬ɱ
Ϊ糤
ףǷġƾţҲǳȥ׳ɷһԵȫ˵ˡ
䣡
ɷѣÿһöɷȻвĹת˲䲻ٵͱըɣʮλҲǱըĲ˺
ˣףȻȥ֮ʮҵʧƾ֣Ļ۰ô˷
лҲЩһɷֵƣƾҿ԰
״˿Ҳ˲ЩˣõѪ֮ѪȻڼҵķķɳ
ѵѹס㣬ܲͻƣͿһˣҪǲͻƣ˴αɡ˵ţģֱӰѪ뵽Լ֮С
ͬһʱ䣬ںѪ˶һ
ѪۣĹ


1967 ͻ
Ĺ֮УһҲа˵Ѫ
˿̰˵Ѫȫ˹ǴĹ
ףҲǸӦѶϢ֡
Щ취ںѪǽҪ顣
ϾõѪ˲ܷŹǡ
ŵʮλǳʮλ֮࣬ĿĵˣǾԲǶ֡
Ҳֻͻƣǲлᡣ
Ѿ񾳽۷壬սͿһͻƣս˵ܿȶԺ͸߽һս
λǿĽëҲǸ߽Ϊ
Ǳߣƾǻȥˣɷʹ֮󣬿ʼһЩʹÿƼֶըʲôģЩֿ֮ʼһЩԭﶾҩˮת۶ˡ
лһ߿ɵۣƾֶࡣ
һȺǶˣƾһ˸ģǾȻȫס
ɱ쵰
һڣʹ
ƾĶҩ֮£˫۶Ǳʴһŧˮ
Ȼⲻȴǳ׼ŭ
⻰Ҳǰͷ׷׳ƾ
ȥ
ƾɵˣԼǰѳȫ˰ɣǱҸǣֵǿˡ
ţЩеĶ֪˭
˵֪ˣɱƾҵҲô׵ġ
ûã
ƾһĻЩ
˰ˣϽɣɶʱһ֣˾ŵƨ
飡
һƾߣһնƾ
ƾŻˣһλнԼΪҪߡ
֪˭أ
ƾ˿ֳһɼǿƣԴ֮¹ŵӣϣ㾹ȻҶҳ֣
˵ţһ
Ǳƾֵӣ˿һŻˡ
Դ֮ŵӣ
ԼԴ֮ĵӳ֣Ѱ·
ʧˣҲʧһ˲䣬ƾץ˻ᣬĳӾն˹ȥ
գѿռ䡣
ӻʱ򣬽Ѿؿڡ

ӾѾˣֱӽ壬˲İӶ
ۣ
һѪѸٵĳźȥ
ƾԼʵаûնɱˡ
ȥķ򣬴˵˺ڣնɱˣͨҪǡ
һɵˣ˭ǣ
˵
Ǿʱ򣬸ǰһ
ӻûзӦ͸оһۣԴ塣
Ҳǣ
ӻ˵ţǸɱˣȴٴһԴҲˡ
ӣ
ƾĿųֵˣȻһǻԲʣЩǰŮˡ
ܣʱĵġ
壬ɱˣǡԣͨ涼ûнǵġ˵˵ţΪΡ
ҲһҲ̫ˡ
Ǳƾһ仰թסֱɱҲ̫ˡ
֪Ѿһšƽ˵š
ƾ˵ͽʱֻʶĳ֣һȥʱ֪ԼɱˣƾĹơ
ʱѾ޷ˣΪѾһ⼸ǰӵ嶼ϵˣӻ֮ưոݣɴһݣֱɱˡ
˴˿̶ǵһ⿨Щ¡
ƾ֮࣬ȴǵߣʶȫ뿪Ȼ˭߲ˡ
˵ǿӲƾȴڷ
ǵֶΣõĲˣȻոҲڡ
ҲʹûзڴҶ֪ں˵˵ٰĻ¡
Щǿߣֲܶɵӡ
ǱߣֻϣҪ
Ȼ磬սһ㣬ҪͻƵ磬ǿɾͲһˡ
лҲһǣסЩΧ񣬴˿Ҳǵ˼ޣʱ֮Σ
ͻƣ
ȻҲ֪ڵƣһǧǧ
磬ҲѾﵽ
ȱľһɱĻᣬһѪʹɱ䣬ͻƵ磬Ͳˡ
Ѫ֮ĴײҲֻ壬˿طѿ
ϣѪա
׻ŬţϵתĹ
˫Žץסգ˫ֳǰб죬һľһ㡣

ϷһɲǼ䣬𵴣ˮڣǳƺڻζһ
֮ѹ
ŭţһɿֲ־٣˲䳯Ѫȥ
Ѫܵ־ȻҪըһ

ЦпʼӰЩҲ
裡
裬ҲѾͬն
ν裬һ棬һв棬ȾϢ潵ȷɾ飬ٽʩչԸԼڼǧ⻷ڼǧ⻷
˿ӳԼѹѪֻǼ֮䣬Ѫȶ
ɹˡ
ϳϲ֮ɫϾֻһ־ŽͨһѪ޷ѹԺ̸ʲôЦ档
ڣ
һͺȣѪΪѪ˿뵽֫ٺ
ѿ壬ۿɼٶڻָѪڲϵ죬ɹĽ׳̶ȡ
вѪ˿ǽ뵽ɹ磬߻һʹɹ翪ʼ
һǧǧһһǧˡ
ȻһǧУγĸ˸ǧ硣
磡
״˿ͻˣЩҪѪˣȫɵۡ
һôںϵѪľҪ֪ǿѪȻᣬЩᵽˣҲԼ壬ΪѪޱȾ޴Ǿ̫ܱͣܿ
ᵽѪҲҪСںϲС
ףȻںϳɹˣֻӵʱ䡣
УѪǴԵôܱһռˡھںˣ϶ҲֻѪһֵɱĻܰѪһλ
γ֪Щ˿Ҳһɱ⡣
ɱףѪ
ĻᣬԲܴ
֣
֪˭һ˷׷׳֡
Ҳ֮ǰǳ֣һ֣ŵױ뷨Ǵ˿ȴǲôˡ
ѾںѪǾͲٱʱֻɱףпܶѪ
ôͬʱ֣ƾҲֵס
Դ֮ĹŵӣҲݡ޹
û˵꣬Ȼͱɳȥ
һѪƾ˿Լؿڣмͷϣ̴塣

ŭţһƾ
ƾ̿ޱȣֱӳһССһɢҫ۵Ľ⣬ֱӾͰѿС

˶ЩΪǷⷨĵȽ׾Ȼﵽ˳㼶
ƾֶΣԼЩ۵ĲƸӻˣҳԯ
ã
ֻоԼҪ뵽С֮УŵѸٺˡ
ͬʱһС
СһУζһ£˿ᣬѸȥ
Ͳôһ㡣
ƾЩϧʱһСͷɻУ˭ҼҾͰսսȦ֮С
Ȧ
˶ɵۣҲһ
ⷨȻ֡
ƾҲΰⷨЩǳӣʵûʲôرܣõġ
˱ȥ֮Ҳήʲôػˮ磬ʲôģֻܰ˹УΪάСתҪʱسע
˵ⲻһȦʲô
һⷨסǡ
ʱ򣬽ëվ˳ش˿̾򵥵ĵȻǻָ˼֡
ףɱ졣
ѪȻ׶ȡˣֱǲˡ
һϣ˵ʱƽѪ
á
ɱ
˲䣬ٴγ֡
ƾɵˣЩ˶Ƿˡ
СǴ˿ʮλͬʱֱ֣ӰС˳ȥ
СǶ鶼ˡ
ۣ
ƾֻܷ֮о궼Ǳ˺һ
Ųסˡ
ƾף˿ˣǵ˰˱ùȻƴȥ㡣
Ҳʱһŭȴ
ľӣ
ֻԶһλ׵Աһ̴ؿڡ
һ޴ޱȣ֮λ׵Ա塣

л忴λֵӣŭޱȣһն˹ȥ
ǶԷȴԤıһ㣬л彻֣Ѹٺ󳷰
ѧԺ̣ΪѧԺѧ³ӹЦ̵ˣϳлˣһʵʱ֣ɱһλѧԺѧ
ľӣ
ƾҲ⵽һĻɫޱѿ
λľӱľҶ׵һλɲȴһλ̵˸Ϯɱˡ
ԷڱѧԺ
ף軹ڸʲô
ƾʱȥõģͻˣɱˣ


1968 ɵУ
˭ںң
ͻ֮еףһӱصʵ
سܿȥƾˣлҲѾƣߡ
ǡ
ľҶľҶ
ˣ
סƾĺٴ
ףʲôƨ糤˼糤˭һ٣ؼʱܸԱһƬգأԱΪػͻƣˣƾŭЦҪǲܸľӱ̴ְɣ糤ɡ
ƾıˣ˿ֿ̽ڡ
ƾ׾һӻͻƣҲܱжٵˣֻЩôܵס
ֱǵ벻ˡ
л˳ĬȻ֪ײǹģľӵȷΪ˱׶
Ƿ
Щֳһɾɱ⣺ң׵糤ףɱԱߣ֮
ǷԲǡ
ԶǸӣĳǹΪڤ֮ì˳ȥ
ǹգ糤ա
˶оǳǹ̺֮Ŀֲ־ϵ۲þˣ˵˵͸ȫ㷴
ҲǾޱȣʱֻоԼԼ꣬Լȫǹ
ߣǳǹȫסˡ

ˣɫţ˵嶼ڷ

ǹ֮£޵֮ƴ̴ӵؿڣֱӴӵؿڷɳ
ӿ˿ؿڣһĶΧһЩսĺۼ
һţ
ţȻǴЦûɱңûɱң
Ǹţ˵Ľסˡ
꣡
һ΢ɲӿռ磬ˡ
ţ꾹ȻһȼһɫĻ֮лΪ˷ɻҡ
䣡
ӵҲǱΪӡ
˿һĻǾޱȣǺεȿֲԴﵽ˸߽ĲΡ
ˡ
ƾһĿɬɲҪңٲ㺰ѣǶҪ군
û˵ʲôﲻףͻƵĵط
ͻƵ磬۵ĴǧһڶѾൽʮ֮ࡣ
Ѫ֮۸Ĵǧ磬ԼΪһ·ƽкڣȴЩ̫̰ˡ
ûʱͻơ
֮ܵǼѪ׷Щ
תĹЩ۵˫֮䣬һˡ
Ȼҳȫǡ
ѪټͻƣЩɱˡ
ֶץ˹ȥλ
һץ֮£նǱץһƬƬľ壬λҲֻоԼܱߵһжǶһ
Ѫ
һ֪׵Ĵˡ
׷˼ںѪɱǡ
ֻǳף߶ѪȻȸ߽
䣡
ձץѣ¶ľϵ
λŵĴæӴܣһӵˣһֱֻ۾Ȼסˣ漴һץץ˷顣
һҲòȥϵһĽױԴսˡ
ȫЩѪٸϴǧ磬ȻˡëţҲ׵𾪵ˣʧȥᣬͻƵ߽磬Ҫ໨Ѽ꣬ʮ꣬궼пܡ
ӣ
ҲһôҲܷͻƻġ
ɱ
ڿɲЩһǻŭ޴й˿ֻɱˡ
ǹصУһ޷ɱһѡЩ֡

ǹƿգһ֪ʲô񣬱һǹüģ걻ݻ١
ţ˫ִӡֱ۳ŵס
ȷ֮ףɻ棬ɵ֮е׷
Ŵ׷״죬һ֮䣬ʹѵ׷˷׼֮ݱûʩһż׷һͨ
˿ʩչҪֳ硣
λǿ磬ƺõһС
ʧˣС
䣡
£ʱǿ˻þ˹
˻УɲǼͱһŽ̿
˹˿ҲǷӦ˰ģҲǷ׷ˣս
ķˣ
˿ħһף巢
Щ񣬴˿ֻ뿪˵أס
ಣ
˲Ӱ·ӡ
ʣµʮλһʱҲǲҿǰ
ڵʵɱһ˶пܣ˭ȴȥܾλ
ѪʲôģӲҪˣ˭Ҫ˭Ҫǡ
һӳһĳźȥûгûתˡ
ʮλֻʮλˡ
ѪѾںˣȲ˵ܲܰ룬ܣҲδܵõģҲǡ
뿪ЩǱȽϴġ
ЩɢѪܿΪѡ
ǣ
˵õѪҷ
ʱУʱĪǿѪͲǡ

תۣߵľȻֻʣˡ
֪ˣǹһָˣѪѾ뵽ҵѪҺ֮УҪĻľɣ
ɫ˿ëӣȻԷҲԥ

ЦˣһȺų򣬾㵨ô
ʼˣޱȡ
ƾ˿ƲƲ죬װʲôƣ߸˶и߽ܶԸô
ɱʱ˰ճٹϷѪ
ã
ɱ
˺Ĭģ˿̾Ȼͬʱ֡
׿Цɱңǲôܡ
˵ţһҲ˳ɱȥ
ﳤǹɨͬʱ裬Լмӳ֣Ե˽
䣡
ͬʱ֣ǹҲ׿Եֵġ
ױ˳ȥǹɵһѪ˳
ͬʱԸˣ
ǶҲδʵ
һףٴγֱ֣ɱס
߸˵Ĺ˷ΪȫʱҲŭˡ
ڰǧŭһ
˶Щƣӵеġ
ӡ
ŭŴӡЩӡ۳һöӡ
ӡ
ӡĵʮأ۴ӡһΪ
ӡѹһʹ޷ƿش˷򣬻֮ʩ߱һʩա
˿ӡۣӡΧǱݡ
ֻоƶٻϵҲնϣ¶֮̿ɫ
ͨǳη塣

ӡ£Žëȥ
ëӱأ˿̱ӡֻоԼǱӡϣԱɡ
֣̿죬סӡ
һҲо˴ӡĿ£ȥأΨֱ֮
ôӡǳǶ
Ĭëǳûɱȥ
Ͼ˼ǣкܴĻɱס
ӡ£ëӷƶƶˣ˿˺ڡ
ӡѹ֮£һĻΪ촷ۣʶҲڱ飬Ҳ̮ˡ
ͬʱ˵ĹҲ䵽ϡ
ɾڴʱ׵һӰ૵žġ
ǿֶΡ
νʱطΪģۣһƬ˴ھ֮У򷨲֣ڡ
һ޳ɣɽκιתΪԼľԷ
״˿ʩչЯϣһλبŴڵĹһ㡣
Ŀռ侧ϵѳѨˣռ۳һƬ
Ƭ棬̻ŵģЩģÿһֶҫ
޼䣬³٣֮⣬ޣֻأ״߶Ѫ֮ھ룬һԼԼӰˣֳֳìɱ̤Ⱥħ֧еգȫΪڡ
λɣ򡭡׵ٴθߴһЩȫԡһʥеһס
˵Ĺ䵽ϣȫȥ޷׵ķ
⡭ôܣ˴˿̶ɪɪ־ȻƲ׵ķ
һֵͨʲôģ
߽ףܡ
ٶǰ˽ס
ӡ˿Ҳ£ǽëȻһλ߽һ֮£Ҳ䡣
ջӡѪ֮ӳ֣ӡʧ
һӡһץųǹͬʱ޵С
˭
ŭŵķ׷׺˰
ɵУ
ɵС
֪Ѿˣ̶ֳȵĹҲʩչ˼ΣǸû˸Ҷġ
˭֪һĻ᲻Լ
ʲôѪҲҪˣ̫Σա֮У⡣
ֻʣˡ
˵ʲôǳĬˣΪԼҲˡ
˵ģոһӡ϶Ӳ
һ֮⡣
ӰڼٸһѪں֮ЩںѪ֮ˣѾԸܵѪ֮˵λá
ʵҲܸܵɫϾ
ΣŸոյѡ


1969 
лƾҲоʲôɫϾ
׳һ£ľҶ֮֮ڲ׷ʱΪںѪںѪǿ߸Ӧҵλã˿̶ڸͻƼ̫Σˣ뿪
ҲΣգ
л弱ˣЩѪףЩȴûκε⡣
ףڲΣա
ƾҲǻˣǻʲôϽܰ
ܣ
ҡͷܣԼںѪ֮󣬾൱ڸںѪ˿˶λܻѧԺȻԼᱻ׷ϡ
ȻԼ޷뿪ǽˡ
ԼںѪ֮Ĺ뿪
Ͼϵĳֲ֣ԼҪ뿪Ĺ޷еĲ񲻾͹һˡ
񲻿뿪
ߣѾǿߵʶʼһƬˡ״ߴٵЩǷģҲôġ֮ǰյϢѧԺʦҲںѪܴʦҲڸϹ
ԣʦʵǿӦÿԱ糤лʱһϲԱҲһ
֮ǰʦǾͻɱλԱŵ
˶Ƿģ׷뿪
ԥһ£Ҳٶ뿪ˣϾͻǷ֮ء
Щ̫Σˡ
׿ƾлԶɫȴԽӵѿ
ûôֹۡ
˵ܸܲˣôǿߣܱԼ
Լһ֪Լˡ
ڲ۾棬Լһöҩ
ҪҲܾôⱻɱˣҲôǵġţʼϵѪЩϵѹ뵽غ¯֮дء
ڻԼڹؼʱͷųɱһ
ΪѪǿɱһλ
ҲֻһһЩȫĸɾʱҲûκοвֶΡ
Ѫڻۣغ¯֮гһɫǳǳҺҪ򱶣ΪմȾϢȻʹһɿµ־
׸оѾˣʱϵֵˮ֮ϡ
ǽ¯һ㣬һжڲϵȼţеĵطһ׵硣

˴ţѾ׵λá
˷׷׸棬һӰǿޱȣ;ޡ
ô
׸ܵˣʮһӰȵЩӰÿһϢǿ󣬲˵񾳽硣
иˣڸ
ںһѪľȻǡһλһӾޱȣһѪȻһλõˣʵ̫˼顣
ȻҲںһѪ
ʮ˴˿ҲǾޱȣںѪǲлѪ
ѪҪˡ
һ״󺺵ԸֱӾͳ׳
ʱȻ˭˭ġ
׿ʮɷԼЦ֮࣬Ҳúܡ
ҲܣŹʮˣ˹֣ףѧԺѧ꼶ѧλǰ
ѧԺ
ʲôѧԺûУ
ѵ֮ǰǸɱλѧԺȵȣȱ֡

ˢˢˢ
ʮӰǶסˣȻʮ˿׶ҪˮˣѧԺסǡ
ѧԺѧ
ǸںѪӳһ£
Ӻ棬
׵˵ͷһԼѧ֤ˣѧ֤֮Уֳ֡
ںΣգҪסһǿѧԺ
ѧԺڴҪظѧԺѧͨбҪʱṩ뱣
ʮһ˶ɫÿ
ǶȻܸӦѧ֤̺ǿϢǶλǿߡ
ô죿
ʮһ˳ǰ
Ϊ׵ںѪӳһ£ɽѪףʮһ˶ɽħԼŵˣ˴ν磬һѡ
׵˵ͷ
ܹоԼ֮ʮһ˵ɱĴѾҶԼ֡
Ͼ֮ǰͺѧԺԩ޳𣬴˿ΪѧԺҲҪһº
˵ģλʦ϶˺ôֶɱλʮһˣ϶ֲ˺á
һѪȣǻǴ֮ġ
ڽҪҪᣬǾҪˣױɱˣȻ©
Լɱǿ϶ǲҵġ
ѧԺʦҲڸϹλԵȡ׵˵ţǾһˡ
ǧ֣Ȼʱڵǡ
Ѫڨڨɴʹ˵һˣһ϶кϷȻǲҶ֣ǸҶֵȴ١
ɽħ̣нţ
ţҲϸһ顣
ɽ߽֮һλ񣬲ȴ˳֮񾳽ģʵӦòǿ
Ȼⶼǰ¼Ϣˣ˳֮Ѿûм֣֮Էʵδ֪
ħ̣߽ħ֮Ҳһλ֮ͬһʱ񾳽ġ
ħ֮֮Խ֣ʵҲں̫ǿѪħ֮ԸˣԼɽͷ
ʵħ֮ʵӦҲ̫ǿҲͺ͵ʮ͵ʮһλ൱
Ľţ߽
˼һȻҲһ֣ȴǿߣһλ
֮Դ֣Ϊʵõ˴ҵϿɡ
ʵ
ӵʵ֮жǼΪģҲͻƣԶͻǵʵȴη塣
׺ʮһλȻҲûʲô˵ģǾ͸ɴһˣͿ˭ˡ
״˿ﻹЩżģҪѧԺߺѧԺõⲻҪǺѧԺгģԼɾΣˡ
ˡ
Ѫ׿˿һȻЩֵĿ˿ףð˵ġ
ðˣ
һⲻ̫ãҲ̫
ð˺ѧԺȻЩСĦҪ˵ΪһѪɱԼԲ
ʮλת۾͵ˡ
Ǵð˵·Ϊ׵һŮӣͷܳÿһͷţһķһ
ߣ
ѪЦЦһк
ð˵ŮӺһѪס
ֱӿףһȻôãںһѪ
á
׵˿̻֪Է˼Ҳñֵ̫׽߳⡣
ð˵ˣҲڰ
ѧԺˣ
ȼȻǵ֪׵ݡ
ѧԺס
ȻѧԺˡ۾п϶˼ɫЩ
֪϶Ҫ⡣
ȶҪԼѪ
ȻʱֻԼѪѪ϶
׸оһǿѹԼͬʱԼĿռҲ
鲻
ǿЦǰѪѾΪһ壬Ҿ뽻Ҳˡ
Ⱥһֱӳһס
ײ⣬ӹһǾ澹ȻһְѪķ
շܰѪĿܼ
ҲһصĺΪѪѾʹõΪһ壬Ḷ́ᵼںϵΪϡ
ַǰںѪ֮˵Ѫ⣬ȫֻǲ˼ѡ
ɫѿòͻƵ߼磬˿ҪǱѪɵΪ綼ס
ʱɾͳ׷ˡ
ҲӦأ
׳˾һϵǱɱܡ
ȣԼҪ֪ܻܲɱ˴Ů
ҲںѪɱȵĻѶȿ϶Ҫ˴ϼԹƲɡ
һõϣϾֻܷӳһ漴ֿ˿ð˵Ѿ˼Ŀꡣ
ȸоԼܵƣ׸ոյ񣬾ȻҪɱһ
ߣǲӦǾֻԼˡ
˵ţʼ
ǲɱףǷףȴǸҵġ
˸ѧԺһЩ˵׻ָڵΪָ񾳽绹ǿԵġ
кϷˡ
Ѫ׵˶ǰЦ
֣
Ȼ˻֣ȴԼԸ֣ð˵ס
״˿ЩҺ۸ǰɡ
߶غ¯ҪӳԼɱһ
ҹ
һð˵һץҪץǰ
ɾʱԶʲô̶žͿһɫĹӳλð˵ֱ
˭
ŭȵһһȭȥ֮ԼһЦ


1970 ǿƼ
ȻͿĹӰصÿһһǧ硣
ǧӰ£ֱӴȵֱ۷Ѹٵ˻ȥʱҲ֮гһ׵ӡ
ֳֽɫĹӣ񷣬ݡ
ʥ
֪˭һҲ¶˾֮ɫ
Ȼ澺Ĺʥ
澺ȡðʤǿ߿Էʥʥǿ߼ͬ޵Уǿ
澺ʥǿҲͽˡ
ʥ֮һһ֮ǿλ
Ѫ׿ŹʥҲЩλɲǣǹӲ֪˶λ˵Ҳһʮˡ
ְ
ڹʥ֮󣬾Ȼֳλ澺ǿߣʥС
˵һŴ󵶵ӣϳˡ

ҲһλǿĴڣȻδ澺ʥҲǽӽǸĴˡ
ʥ
˼澺֮е۷ˡ
ֻˣ񹬣ħԼǲΪ֮ħ֮ԼԳ֣Щиûסˡ
ʥ澺ʲô˼
ʾһȻʱʱҪ׳֣Ϊ澺ִǣǱ澺һʤ㲢
ʥȫһһѧԺʦϷѣԸףϷһˡ
Щ棬ͽ棬ǽύ˲˵ġ
ʥ֮һ
Ժѵľʮ͹ʥùʥĶ࣬Ƿһݶ顣
ȳĬˣѧԺλȻ͹ʥн飬ʵǳԤϡ
ʥְִѧԺҲֻա
ʥҾ͸һӣ̻˵˹ˣʱδܱס˵ţ˵һߡ
ʥνҪҲ˭
û뵽תŹʥ˵ллλǰԮ׸м
ʥ˻֣ȴЩȣȻϸоһ˿Σա
˼
Ȼ֪ʲôԭ򣬵δô򵥡
ҲЩɣѵԼĵƱʥˣϸ˿ʥԷӦҲںѪ˾һȼյ̫񾳽Ҳһ֮ңˡ
ܿ죬ˡ
εǻеЭģеЭʵǿҲֻоˡ
ʱҲѡ˿Ϸ
ڻеЭ֮λںѪ˽룬ƺҲȵ˿붼Щ֮ɫ
Ȼ˵ˡ
һʮˣΪ׵ĲǱˣǽֵİ
壬ǳ˵⣬һЩΧɱ˵Ĵ㡣
߻ûϣֵ֯ˡ
֯ʮˣΪ׵ӴһߣҲ֪ʲôݣ˳ֵһ˲䣬ʥɫȴǱˡ
Ѫ񣡡
ʥɫϳӵݣ㾹Ȼţ
Ѫ֣˶һ
Ѫ
ȶЩȻλѪѵ澺ȡþʮʤҪʥλ
˵Ѫ񹴽壬ѾɱˣڿȻϢ
Ѫ񻹻ţҼ˰֯
ʥþòҼ澺ʥûˡѪɳƣ˵ͣõһԡ
ߣôǲһս˭ǿΣʥЦĹӷһ⣬˺˲񷡣
ʥս
澺Ҳһս
Ѫһ£ȴҡͷڲʱ򣬵Ժɡ
ʥƺЩ⡣
ɾʱѪ˻֣ɱףȡѪ
Ļһ䣬֣֯ȴѸٵס˹ʥˡ
ʱͰ֯һ壬⼸ǴĬϵ顣

ʥȻԼŭ֣һӾͳŰ˹ȥ
ӵֵȴһӱڶѿˡ
ǿ
Ǿˣԣȴʥȫѹƣ˿ҲǺ޺޲ѡ
ò˵ЩǿߣЩǿ
ʱҲǳ֣Ѫʱ˹ȥޱ޼ʵѪ֣УǧӰϵһʱȴҲ޷˺Ѫ
Ҫ⣡
ɫѿֻðд߶Ѫ֮׼ɱһ
ٴγתֻ֮һ𣬸ֻ޾Ļ泯Ѫ¡
죬ѪѪȻѸٵķյ
̫ˣ
Ѫ˵ţֻ֮гһ̫˵ӰǲǱˣȻ˵¡
һ̶ϣµѪЩƵġ
ȻѪ񲢲£ɱ¶£ؼǶʮλ˵ߡ
Ϊ׵λЩľ
ʯ
䣡
λһλӵ߲ѪһλӵоѪ
߲ǿվްߡ
ޣǿվްڰˡ
Ҫ֪̫ҲֻھŶѡ
ҲƵʯȫħ֮֮һʱڵˡ
ֻóΪ񣬶ʯûͻưˡ
Сޣ׷ǸѧԺѧʯ;޴󣬿ھ¶һŷݣĻ¿Цá
ԼѧԺһλѧ׷ڼ˶֪ˡ
Ľ
ڲǰȡЦԼԼƫƫ޻˵
Ҳ֪ôˡ
Ǵˡ˵֮ǰĽ࣬ۿǺⲻС¾ܾۣСĲˡ
֯ˣ
仺ڣ֮һ˿ɱ⣬ޱȳͰ֪֯顣
ΪʦͰ֮֯¡
Ѫ񿴵˵˵εĻ˻֣ʾͣ
ʯ;λԸһУԸҲԲټһԵĹʥ͵񣬾͸ˡ
á
׳һڣԼϰµģûɱҲҪˡ
¿˿ף֪׵ġ
ѧԺҪԲԶ˴ξף˵õѧԺһǿ϶ģԲ
ҲЩʯ;һ£Ҳǰͷ
˽ѧԺʵǺԸѧԺһ顣
ϣƺٴδﵽһ΢ƽ⡣
ţһЩ߰Ҳ½һЩСҲһЩ䵥߸һЩ
Щ˵ںѪǸӦ˹
˵ˣ
ЭҲˡ
˵Ҳˡ

һڳȻѾλôˡ
ѧԺˡ
һֻ˺˵ˣ˵ĲǱˣǹ
ѧԺ֮Ǻ֮ǡ
֮ǰ֣ܵõһѪˡ
λѪҪһӣҵõѪ֮󣬱л룬Ϸɱ⣬׶֡
ĵӵͦ󡣡Ц飬Э᲻֣ҪܶȡѪı¡
֡
񹬡ħ̡Ų֡
˲֡

˺Ĭ׷׵
㵨ӵǲСʥߵ
ЩηĿŹʥһɲǡ
ҪȡѪҵǿ԰æֻҪ澺˸ҳ֣ǰ֯㵲סǡѪЦЦûлˣҪɱ׶ȡѪǲְ
֯ôҪҡ
˵˳֣㵲סǡʱҲŵ
һȻǴϲ
ĻԼȡѪҲûпܡ
ˣڻҶѧԺĳ֣֮ǰˡüûϵ֮Ȼ˷񣬻ҶѧԺĳ֡
ʣұһѪ
ѵûпЩ˾㵱ͷĵɱףЩĻȡѪʾù̫ˣ˿ƺѾ߻ħˡ
ĬѾܲôࡣ
вòֵɡ
Ҫ֣ɾʱ򣬵Ц
ǼǳԲǴ򣬹ϴǷŹ㣬Ǻ˰ۡĮ
ʵˣҲڻ֮
ֻʱ
𣡡
ɫѿֲøոֱ˶ϵĸо
ʥ΢΢ס
𡢳ԯ̹šС˳
ʱֿˣʣҲˣǹԼʲô̬ȣ
廹ִˣҪˡ
ʳ̾һε岻ˡ
ʲôҪѧԺˡ
Ĳ˶ûмˣ˿̿ǣ΢΢Щ
ƺǿ
ұɱ㡣
ĳǹ֣˹
ѧԺһǿơ
һĮȥɱףȡѪ̰ˡ
̣
ɫ΢䣬ѧԺС


1971 ʱմ
ԶʮӰ
Щ˶̵ķΣΪ׵һӱѵƤѪ죬
ֵӵ۾ȼյǳһ
ǳӦһ档
˴˿̶΢΢һӵƺǿȫڹʥ֮
񣡡
ʯţ˿Щš
֣뵽ʲôȻޱȡ
˳֮ǰʹڵĳǿߣ֮ħ֮ϣͻƵ񾳽硣
彻սʱ򣬽屻ӣʱ˶ΪѾˣ̶˵ǽˣ֮Уû
⼸ǧԪȥѾ˽ˣû뵽Ȼٴγˡ
û
̵˵Ǽٵġ
嶼ӣôܻţš
һˣû϶Ǳɡ
񵽵ôģ
ʱʿˣΪѾ壬Ȼ屻ӣЩܹඨλ꣬ҲľۺɱֻһȺЩ޷ĥӣֻܰЩӴɢ档ʱ䲻ϵţЩٴλۣŵԸ
ӦȨĽˣĬȻ
ϾڳôˣҲʶ壬϶Ϥ
滹ԽԽ˼ˡţһǿߣսӿ
ʮ˳֣ǣסӦòѡ
ڶ֡񵭵˵ţû뵽Ϸֻǳ˯һʱ䣬ھȻðһѧԺģ̶˽¡ߣҵҪѧԺǲб˵ôǿ󡣡
䣺̼ĻһᱻѧԺ
˿âá
ңɱ⾪ˡ
ǾͶлȫˡ˿ޱ˷ܣ˿˻ǣƣȫлɱףȡѪ
ŹҪ֣һ
λϷˡ
˵ţʱ˳պͿˡ
ν˿ȤĳǿߣԼ֪ܲܶԸ뽻ԡ
գ̵ЩΣܿ͵ȻˣЩ̸Ҳ̡ܹ
գ
˿̽գɱ⾪ˡ
ʵվǽ󱲵ĺ󱲣˸ûʲô֮ǰնûмֻ˵λŶѡ
ɾΪգ澡ʧΪЦһգͶɱġ
̵˶Ҳ۵ӣոɱˡ
գô˶ɱ㣬²£˲ЦֻҪǧĶ£ҾͰɱЩˡ
ϴ˼֮󣬿˾֪յ飬֪ڹѧԺһ꣬Ժµǧ䡣
˲ɵӣǵ˽⣬ܱµĶ϶ֵǡ
ȻԿûɶøУ֪˱ѧԺȡѧԺĶ֮󣬸ǵһﲻԼ궼ˡ
պһţƤˣ̵Щ˸ٸǧϵյʱ䲻ʵҲ֮¡ɱǣҿĿܱȽϴ󡣡
ﲻ⣬˽٣Ȼȥ
ճһ£˽ˣȻѾ̵ˣҶǶ֣ҲĲ̡Ȼ⣬ҪսδҵĶ֡˴̰㶼˽кҪ飬ʵ𣬿϶ӰļƻԣȰǻǲҪִ£ûкô
յĻ˶ĵ𾪡
˵һĶ֣ļٵģǲ̫ˡ
ƵǿߣʵԲʯ;ǿ֮¡
˿Ҳŭˣûиоյĺ⣬ֻܵ裺ǴԲѣ֮ǰ˵ʮԪһλǿߣΪԼԻң̫Դˡ
Σ飬ڱ֡
һ԰Цպͽ֣кϷˡ
֣
һ֮ڼҪһսĹ
Ҳ֤ǿʵ
˲䣬ͳס
ʱӰһ͵ǰаλ˵ͬʱҪס÷֡
ټϹ൱һоš
Ǳߣĸڻǣƣȴûг֡
˿ҲֱգսˢնȥҪпһ
̾һˣȥǣס񡣡
˵ţտųĽȴһƴȥһƸʱգеһжŤˡ
䣡
յĹײһ飬˶ǵɳȥ
ǽķӦٶȸ죬ס֮󣬾ٴա
û˵ʲô˫ֲϵĳȥÿһƶ̺ʱ֮ڼʱ䡣
ǽֲεǿߣܼʱҲģ֮һܶûС
΢ʱٶѹסˡ
ƣ
һȭȥһģȻһȭм
˳ȥһѪ˳
˿Լļ򣬹ͷѿˡ
˴˿̶ЩȻվȻ˽ȻֻˣϾӵ塣
պǿʱ䷨õļֱǳ뻯ʥոһ˲ռ˽ʱ䣬ȴǼԼʱ䣬ͬʱʱЧһʱ䷨ǿߣû
յʱ̫ˣӦûûлָȫʢʱڵΪ룬ΪоʵҲͺ£Ӧöʥ
ǻͽ֣սĸʴŶɣǻ˽͹ʥǽĸʿɵ߳ɡ
ΣҪ˵ٷ֮ٵսʤԷܡ
սҲ˭ӵĺˣ˭ȡʤĸʾʹһЩ
Ǻη
һЩ޸ԼѵĹͷޱȵ
ձ˽ĻҪǿҪǿɡ
Ҳ˵ǰûôǿ֮ձĸǿˡ
ʵʹվȻѹһͷ
ɱ
䣬ٴγ֡
Ҳʱ˫ת
ոܵˣסˡ
֮
ţ֪ǽľѧ
ʩչ൱ڵ˵ϰ磬Խʵ൱ˣȫʹֱʵ󽵡
֮ƣһոס뱻һֱȡüġ
ʱմ󣡡
ɾʱֻտš
ֻӰȻޱģһľǴʱճʧһ
ǣ
һʯ䡢ʡѪ񡢹ʥ񡭡ȵ˶ǺȻޱȡ
ҲǾˣȻ͸оһɿµΣ
ˡ
ٴγˣǴڵʱգǴδǸʱֱӽ١
Բסˣ
˵ţһĳȥֱӺ˽ؿڡ
ۣ
񱻺ɳȥ˿ѿȻˡ
ʱշӦáôܣôܡţһĲš
һ̱˵ˣҲһ
ʱմʱΣԼ뵽ʱ䳤֮Уʱ䳤ӵȥδʱ䣬ӶԵ˽гԽǰάȵĹ
վȻˡ
ѵҪ񾳽ֹǽ񾳽ʵֱӿԳ֮Ϊʲô֮
ȻǱ
㣬ȻֶΣоһ£ڵ˥ĺʶΧҲֻиոյʮ֮һȻʩչһжĸܴĹʩչҲΡ˵⻰ĲǱˣѧ١
ˣյʵҲˡ
зǱ
ĲԶ
񣡡
λ̵ס˽񣬴˿̶ɫףսٴδ̵
ҲǾޱȣռֱǿĿ¡
ô汾ԴϵͳһոոյֶΣȻ޷
˵գҲסһ
ǸɣЩʣգ˽ˣ㿴Ƕһ˴˾Ÿһ˴һ㵽вУ
⻰Ҳ
նԸĿǽԸЩʲôˣܱô
˻ûзӦ͸оһգΪΣǣסˡ
ɱ̵ˣǣЩˣǿԵġ
Ǳߣ𡢳ԯ̹Ҳ˵˽֣Է̫ҲЩӦ

˵һλһǹؿڣԷŭޱȣоԼѡ
ҲʱȻˣǰһץס
ȥ
ţס
ã
󾪣Ǳ߹Ѿס
ɣɣ
ףȡ
ɾʱ򣬱ûκηӦףĳǹȻ˳ȥ
ǳǹҫ۵ѪɫâЯһļµ־ֱȥ


1972 ս
һ̣˶ûзӦ֪ʲô
Щ⣬˿ȴ귢ɫףƴش߶Ҫһǹ
ǣ㲻

ȴҲûκεô
ͣ
ǹ̴˹ؿڣֱӶ˹ϡܿһ嫵ˡ
һѪ˳˲ϵغˡ
ҵˡ
ţ˿Ҳһѿϸ壬Ϊӡ
˿ҡҡλΣŽǰ׳ĬˣѾ۲һ˿һ
ôҲû뵽Լһ档
ҲǳĬеսͣû뵽һǹ
ʵʵǲģȻʥʯ䡢ѪˣЩɱҲô׵顣
ֻûзףȫӣűһҪ
Ȼ֮ǰˣʵҲ˲٣Ҳ͹Ѫ۵һ
ԭʹ׳䲻ɱ˹
ˡ
׳һ£
΢һл㿪һġ
ǵģ̫ˡɢٶȸˣҶΪѪͻƵ񾳽磬ʵǣЩһֽɹӻĲˣٲͻƣҾͻ
ΪͻƣΪ˻š
ܣһ˵˳
˶ҡͷ̾ϢԭôʱѾע⵽ˣ궼ѾϵĲӣȫнľ
Ϊ˻ô
û˵ʲôû˲Щ
ϻôʲôɡ
˺һʱر۾嶼Ϊӡ
䣡
ĸףҲǸпĪ
ˣ㻹֣յ
ոһӣѾˣȻİ϶ûˡ
ĬյǿЩ
оȫʢʱڵҲ벻յĶ֡
Ǳߣڹ֮˻۵һ飬ô졣
Ƭ̺һ˵վ˳ս
ȻǶ˵ġ
ѧԺʵľǴӽѾλ񣬲ˡ
ս
ף˱ѧԺˡ
ǹˣʣµЩ˾͸ѧԺ˵Ķˡ
ʦλ˵ħ˵ս˾;ԲѧԺΪСʱվȻĴ𣬡ħΪ˻㲻֮ǰߵǹǴ˶ֻǱȺѧԺΪСħ˵ˣս֮Ӧ˵ĶʮһöǧóöѧԺΪ
˵ȻҲ֪սô׵飬㶼ѧԺôս
ԣʱŵѧԺһЩС
һ£Щͳԯ˵ˣԯ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ѧԺĵ̣սĻ̺ܿܵҪƴΧɱǼˣϾԷӽʮˣ̫ƴһʱǼҲΣ
Ȼˣսá
ѧԺͿרĶԸ̵ˡ
ãս
˵ͷ˿ħ˸ٴζѧԺ֣ҵһɱ㡣
ħ˵ͷҲһ
˵˵һߣԹߡ
ͦ˵ôЦЦôŹ˵ˣҪɲһȡ
˵Ҳô֪ǰдʲôסʯﵭոǸо΢겨ڰд
ڨڨΪҲ֪˵䣬͹һҵĴڸô
˲̵֣Ľˡ
𡭡ոܵϵɱ⣬̵ˣ֮졣
գʲô˵ˡ̵ˣһ߲ˡţǹֱָ񣬡֪㲻֣ź̵ľ飬ҲΪ㣬һȥˡ
αءտЦû뵽ɱô
Ҳ
ǻΪֻҪȻҲսģѧԺȴս
Ҫĺսˡ
Ϊ̺۸ŭȵһôôʲô˶̵ӣ
̵ʮλҲŭĿӡ
ѧԺˣҲ̫ˡ
ǰɡ
ΪѣɴൽһߣԹ
һ£ԹۣҿɲԹۣյ˸ǰһʵһ㣬߯ףһ֮Щ̵ȫɱˡ
СʱҲվ˳Ҳһ֮
˺ô
ʱֵʦȻѳѧԺҲпԭγֵķϣȥ֮Ժǰһ¡
˿һۣ֪һûģԭΪ
ڿˣ֪ǲǶˣʲôԲԵģҲû˰ѿ˵¡
ͷ˼ѡ
Ǹһʲô
̲סʵӿʼڿ˶ֵĺۣʵǿ󣬶ֶη˼˾úܹ졣
˵ѧԺԺİӣѧԺԺѧϰһʱ䣬֪ôѳѧԺ֮ǰҲû˵ͻƵ񾳽磬ھȻһаˡ
⻰˶ǺȻ
꣬۷壬ôܡ
ɱ
һϳ֡
ԯ̹ŸҲ֣˸ǺãһӾͰ̵ˡ

ŭţ˫ת֮Ҫס
һжԸգֱʱմýһϾա
֮ƽһе˾Բࡣ
֮ôҲһҵ֮
˵ţϳһһƿĽ֮Ȼֱγһ򣬷ѽסˡ
񾪺ޱȣоǰз֮
ƣ
𿴵ᣬһһǹֱ̽ؿڡ
񾪺˿̸㿪ֻۿһǹ̹
飡
ǹʲôס¶һƻľķ
üôô֪һֱӴ̽Դˡ
һ޷ƿķŭһǹһ𣬽񵹷ɳȥˡ
꣡
ؿڵǻľһѺۣ˼롣
ʲôǿ
ٴһѪűպشʵѾ֮ǰ
˿ҲǾޱȡ
Ŀұ֮ƽˣ𣬾ȻҲƨûС
ôڱŴ
֮ǰô治Ǳ˴ģţҲЩͬУôо̫ˡ
ǽպ̫ǿˡʯȴǿףգϹƱذޱȣϵĻʱմҿ϶㲻֮ɱңкܴĸɱǿܲգսƺĲһÿһǺҸоܱոѲ
ļٵģЩȣѵ⿴Ų񰡡
ϸһ£սڣܹʲôˣϢʲô»ոոʩչһʱմϢ½һӡʯﵭ˵ţԽսԽ£սʱԽԽʵŸѶԸΪɱˣȻսȥӮһǶԷµġ
˼Ҳв˿ǿ֮
־սǿ
Щ񣬶δǶ֡
飡
һ촫ֻ̹ŵһһ̵ϡ
ԷһҽУͱѿˣֱֱĴ֮ȥһغˡ
̹֣еͬ񣬸Ķ֡
ҲٴγƱҪѽնɱˡ
ȭͷоܱʱٴ;ֵġ
ȥ
ԯʱҲҵһᣬԪֱȥһԴˡ
һ
Ҳĺм֮ʱҲˣǻʮһˣһҲֻбɱķݡ
ɡ

ܹϣһͰ֯ķܣ
˵ţȳ˰֯Ѫ
Ѫһֱÿ·Ҫ׷ȥʱѪס
̾һû취ˡ
ת֮䣬̵ȫˣҲٴξ
ˣ˶ǲκεӣ⼸˿ǿߣ붼ǵѪǸġ
٣ȴһ㶼
ȿȣһԺΪôѧʱվ˳˺УĹûмƴһҲֵ̫ˡ
ܲףںѪ˶⣬ٻĹ֮ء


1973 ٻĹ
˵ţֿ̬
ڨڨ˳ǹ̵ˣҲûбҪٶ˳֡
ԯ̹Ҳ׷˳һ£ѡ˵ߣ˼һ·ˡ
ѧ˵ĲûмأֵƴһҪҲҪȼ˶ٴ򡣡ЦǺǵ
˳ĬҲսȥû塣
ǾٻĹɡ
ʯνҲ׷׵ͷ
˭ںѪںѪǲǶܹؼ
Ѫʱ򻺻ڣںѪ˿϶յһϢѪۣٻĹ˼ȻںѪ˾ˣٻĹ
ԵĲվ
ѪЦ˭ںѪֻҪһļ飬϶ܲҪٻĹ˭ǻǾǺʹΪУͱִɱѪ
ʵЩںѪԼԼҲܸܵںѪ֮˵Ϣ
еǹҪһŲС
ںѪ
ЦЦǵһվ˳
˶ںѪ˭֪ʱͲ̬ˡ
վãڶ˿ˣð˵ȣҲ˳
ңˣǲ֪һмѪ
˵ţܣ¡
ϣȻܵѪϢò˼顣
ˣҲںһѪ˳˶Щȣʯ;ôǿȻûںһѪøոͻƲõںһѪʲô
ҲЩĿںѪ޷񾳽ģϾͻƵ񾳽ʱ̫ˡ
ѪӦÿӵгٴǧ
һӣµΪ߽
ףѪӻ˾ųϣڻֻǳ׵ʮֵĿϧ
֮󣬻еЭľҲվ˳ҲںһѪȽϵ͵ڲע⵽
ǹʥҲںһѪǻѪϢû˿
Ҳʱվ˳ʱ˲ŷŶٵѪѧԺȻռˡ
ѪסѪ񡢺Ͱվ˳
ǰϴӶ֮ҲǱȽ˵ҵһѪ
Ѫססȡʥ롢Ѫ񡢰£һǾŵѪˣ˿ǾϵѪϢֳ֮⣬˵ĶȽǿҡ
Ҳǲִ֮ںϵѪǹʥҲֻѪٵһ
ŸôҲˡ
ʳһ£Ͼһ۳Ѫ޿Ҳôˡ
˿ʼѪָĵطȥ
ٻĹҲҪڸӦǸλòС
һȺ˺ƺƵƿնȥǶɪɪ
ˣ
ʵ˵ţ漴ǸӦλһվֻλϾȻһǳ֮
ȴһſήǳ֮ѡ
ʱע⵽ǳ֮ľ֮⣬оŸ֦ɡ
λѪֱһ֦ϡ
ƺ֪һУֱӷԸ
Ȼʲ˵Ҳܲµžô¡
СӦþٻĹЩںѪ˾ǴԿס
ûԥģ׵һվ˳ԼһѪεһ֦棬Ѫ䵽ǳ֮棬ǿήǳ֮ˣת֦ɶ˺ɫġ
ûˡ
Ҳ׷ת۾Ÿ˵ѪҺȫˡ
ǳ֮˿ѾûȼյĻ棬ֻһ
ôûж
֣ĹҪٵôûӰ
˶üԾؿʣİţȻ˽ġ
λ԰ꡣ
˵ţóһذ׸ԼָȻǳ֮˵һѪҺ
Ҳʱǳ֮ҫ۵Ĺâ
˺ȻȻȱʵѪҺʸûǽںѪ
ӵ壬ΪںѪʱӦþͿʼˡѪš
Ҳʼעˡ
ʱҲͨˣֲ˵ҵ֮أԭںѪԸӦλá
ǳ֮ĹâԽԽ貣ķ
˿ţȻֻдһףֻձ˺ѣһ޴ŻˣŻ֮ƯһҾ޴սСˡ
ۣ֮
˶ǺȻ֮۶ˣ϶֮ˡ
˶ԾԾԣ̲סˣһͳŻ
ȥ
Э֮˴һʮ˾Ѹٳ˽ȥ
ţð˵ġˡеЭҲȫ˽ȥֻת˲ͽȥ˳ʮλ
ҲûȥЩ˶ǱȽϴģΪǿ˻ûнȥ
ʣǲȥô
ЦЦ˵˴ҵ뷨
֮ؿ϶б˵ģһ֮۶ֵǣֵطûΣա
ʳһ£λҪ壬ǽһУҲ֪֮١ںϵѪҲ֮ǰģǴ˴ǽ罵٣Ҷ֪ԼںϵѪ;
ü֮Աǡ
Ż߲ţҲٽʲô
˻֣˽ȥˣҲ֪ԼȥʣµҲȥ
ʽȥ֮ŷ׷׽뵽Ż֮С
˵󣬿ף϶ΣգûǲҪȥˡСҲȥˡ
СȻѰ治
νȥһҵĻսҪǺ͹ʥּǿֵ߽ĻǱ˵Сˣѱ
ʦһȥˣҪΣգҿ˳ЩģôҲҪȥ
Ҹокöö౦СˮֱȻҲȥ
ΣǾȥԣΣˣһ롣
⻰׺Сæͷ
ܽȥͺá
ţҲ뵽Ż֮С
ǽȥһ֮һӳսʿҲŻ֮ǰ
֮أֻһ˾ͱɫǸо˿񱩵ȻǼȵΣ
ֻ׺Ĺ޳źɫ޳ݣǣβͣ˿צ۾Ѫ죬ҪǸһ
ԣӦ˵Ѿһ
Ǹ񣬴˿̱һȺ˵ڵϣ˳ԵֻһѹͷˣʵǲҲ̶á
ۣ
ҲǱһץһѪۣ˿Ȼͷޡ
޵ʵҲֻ൱۷߳׵񣬿ǸܲסǵĿ࣬ʯ͹ʥӦޱȵĳ
ޣһޡӦģ䣬ҲͳΪû˵ҰޣǱڴ˵ز֪ˣ˿ԱǲöԸʽ͵˿ޣȴǸûг֡
ЩҲرܿ
ѪѪ
ˣѪѪЩǻ۵£ǸϵѪϢΪԲԶԶľͱܿˣҹ
ںѪˣҲͷųѪϢ
ʱǵ޷׷˿
Ҳһ˿Ⱥ֮гͨ裬һʱɼˡ
˾ͲһˣЭһλ˵ֱۺͰӶԵĲʣʲôˡ
һӣǷˡ
ʱ뿿ںѪˣҲûá
ǲںѪˣЩںѪˣҲ޷ˡ
ûᡣ
Ѫ뵽ʲô˱ȥԴ
ȻԴܾ֮ϡ
֮۾Ĺ
Ѫֱ֮۶ȥںѪҲӦ˹׷׳ȥ
һʱʡȾλںѪˣ׷׳ۣ֮Ψһûȥľˡ
ĲȥҪȥˣ̫Σա
˿£ȥսԼʵҲûκô
ܿ죬뵽ʲôЩɱɱʬûߣԼ˿ǲǿԳûһʬ塣
뵽ȥ
ӽλÿ˻ɱһޣµʬ嶼ͷ
񼶱ʬ壬ⶼǴ󲹡

׿һ߾ߵʬ壬Ⱥ治ϵشת۾ջʮʬ塣
ں޲Ƕɵˡ
ɱġ
˸ǴȵȴǸᣬɱôģпռô
ڣ˭˭ġ
ļʬ壬ˣʬԤƵһЩΪͬ඼ԣܶ౻ɱʬ壬޷ʳˣһЩֱӱӡ
׼꣬񵽵ҲͲһͷʬ塣
һͷһңҲпһҵĲƸˣǷˡ
ԯǶѣʱ뵽ʬģҲѧԺЩѧˡ
׼֮󣬾͵˻ɱޣˣ˺
ɱһһͱ
һĶŵ˿̵Ѫɱ˺øʬôҪô


1974 ƺ
񶼲ˣ׶ʱȤȱȱħǱ߶ȥ
ʱһ˻
һеҲһɪɪ

׿Զһͷ޴޳֮УһǿֲһޱȺˡ
꣡
޳һҧȥֲҧӵĽ޶ҧˡ
ʯı壬˶ϳˡ
Ǵ˿̱ʯϵĿֲϢ壬ȻѸٵĺ˿ת۾͸ʯóһ·
ˡ
ʯԾ˵ţȺ֮д˹ȥ
俴Ҳֳ壬һǧɸߵʯͷˣȫȼܻ档
䣡
˳ŵһȥʮͷ޶Ǳҽ棬ǲҲǲˡ
ȴž˫ȣ壬ֻľ޴Щ޲һСһ
ҲЩޣץ𼸸˵ֱӳ˳ȥϵЩޱһˤѴضҵİȥ
ߣ
Ѫ񿴵ᣬ˿̴һޱߵѪ౻еޱѪˮĻţһĲҽС
ûѪŰ֯ʮѸ롣

˿Ⱥ˿ǺûᣬҲǷ׷Ӵܿ
ߣ
ԯ˵·Сͳǰ塣
̹ʱ˺棬ߴ׿㣬Ȼһӳźȥննһѷ죬Щ޾ͱסˡ
֮Ҳӵòˡ

Сʱ֮󣬳ԯ˾ðȫˣͣ
ղŶʯ;ȺȻûôѡԯһµڴҿ϶ȥԴˣ϶ҪǣϢһ£ҲϽϹȥ
á̹ŵ˵ͷ
Դֻ϶С
ʯʥ䡢ѪĴڣһǣס
ףСǾͱȥˣԽ϶ԽΣգǵʱҲûǡԯ룬ǾΧһ£Ͼ֮Ҳļˣ϶һЩöġ
˵ʲôû˵
Ҳ֪ԼʵҪȥˣҲֻǡ
ԼܽѾˡ
ǺðɣֻΧޣӦҲжΣա׵ںѪޣСոҲԯ˵ˣ֪С԰ΪӣȻٴЩɱСҲѵúܡ
ԯ̹Żһ£Ҳҵ飬Ѹȥ
ֻʣ׺СЦЦС˵Ѱǰɣȥұɡ
С׻Щİ֪ѧԺѧǵ˵ͷ
ЩֻúõظҺ棬ʱһᱣġ
׶ʱ⻰˵ĺе
ȷʵСΪǿһ㣬СսôʵԯҲûϸ˵֮ǰ˵ǧаСս˼ٻغϣǧаǿߣ϶
˿ʼѰò˵ıĲ٣û߶ԶȻҵһܲϡ
Ҳף֮һƶɣһжٱƶռ
Сʱջķᣬǻҵһ˽ֲ׶ǲЩ
˽ֲˡ
СֱӰ˽ֲҪ˽ֲʲô׺
˼ѰңȻСͣ
ôˣ
ֵʱҲоһ˿Ծ
СϸᣬɻŵһϤζϤ񲻾֮ǰŵ
ѵǱ
һǸŽֲζɡ
Ȼˡ
Сһˣһ˵ζ򡣡
˵Сһȥƶһ¾ǰֻһݴԣǰƶһ£ʲôûУƶһ£Ȼײʲôֱӱ˹
ӷףһԲһ˿ֱڵϹ
ʱѾ˲СˣˣȻһˣһӣ˿Ҳһ±ơ
Ȼҵˣصôð
Сҡҡλεվ˿ǰˣȻЩϲСаˣǲǻҪҼٴ򡣡
Са
üʲôСа
ǧаҲһСаСаǧа
С˿Цˣ֣þòϴһҶĽ
СһЦţҲǡ
ϴǧаŪֲ߽һ˽ֲѾǧа˴ˡ
֪ĻΪʲôѣ׵ʲô
СаӦλǧа
ڼٴ
Сսǧаԭô£Ҫ֪Ϣ˿ɶС𡢳ԯּǿߡ
ǧаʱ˳ΧȻֿ˿ֻΪ𣬵Цˣ֣û˰ˡ
С⣺ɶ
üͷѾʼԼĳǹ֮ע
һԲģɲСô
ǧаٺһЦɫʲô٣
Ǵ١
ϴһ˽ֲֲ߽˿ҪֻѾСһ·ˣ֪ҵ˲ٺö
ԴʲôģͲָˣֻҪСǣһ˾ûа
СҲ˲ԣǻˣ
ˣ
ǧаЦˣŷ֣Ҿǻˡ
ǧаС˿ĺܵ⣬СҲ֪ʲôҵô౦һοɶԼ
Сǧаϵؿ˿̼ˣֱ˵
ס񰡣һʲô
ʱֻСһף
׿ЦãҲ밡ôҴĹа
ǧа֮Աǣ㵱һһ
ȫ޿֡
С˿ҲǼˣƣ֮ǰ㲻һоʹǸйļһôûǸǿأһп϶Ҳܴ
װСһۣ㵱һһܷӳǻʣһѪɾȫ۳Ҳвǧа
ǧаɲ֪ЩЩ⣬⻰ȴ͵һֵĿס
Ҳ˵ɱˣǱһɱģѵǰλŵ˲Ǻ
գ
ɱ˹ǿ϶Ҳɱ
ȿȣɱ˹ǧаЩΣ˿ȫֱһһ
ɱȣǾɡ׶Լ飬Ȼҳϡ
ǧаһȻǰɱĹ
ոպգԼǲԵһȦ
Լʱֹ
๼Һһ·ˣҲġ֪СֵǧаǧаĹǧа˿Цӯӯһ鲻˵ӡ
ףѧԺѧ׵ûзӦǧаֲô
ᣬոնᣬҺСǺѣֻǺǿЦѣôǣǧа۾˵Ϲ
ЩģŲµˡ
ܿǧаԼɱ˹϶ҲɱԾˣҶǶˡ
û뵽Լ塣
СһЩ⣬ҲôΪ׻ʩչһУǧа־СɵģӦò˵ѣֱӾˡ
ȻҪҲǧаȻ֮ǰҲСٴ
ᣬͺá
֪ԼսС˾ֲ˺á
СҪȥģǧаת뷨ǶϵĶҪԼֵĻŪ˾ͺˡ
ܿ죬һЩ뷨
룬ûлش𣬶Ƿʵǧа˶ȥԴôȥ
ǧаŪߣʱҲͳˡ
ǧа֪ôشѵ˵֪Լ᲻ЩȻҼֻ֡
˼һ£ɫ˶ΪԴǱȴˣ֮ҲһرűȥȡԴʱҴûȡ֮ۡ
ȡۣ֮
׶Щļٵģô
ǧаӣоһ˵˵ĿܸҪȡۣ֮Ͳпմˡ
״˿̵Щ뷨֮ۼȻһر౦ǿ϶пƺģǲǿԱȡ
ٽһȡ֮۵ĿȨԴûб˶ȡߣǲǿ֮۵ܣߡ
룬ܵġ
ǧа׵ӣЩɵۣһﲻôɰɣֻ˵˵
֮ôȡôˡ
ǧаĺƣ֪ڿҵ֮۵Ŀƺģѯʵ
ǧа֪˵ʲôƸë֪߰ƺġ
׿ǧаӣӵȷˣոһں˵˵
ҵƺģδûлᡣ
Сߡ˵ţǧаԸߣ߾ͺˣʱҪһΪá
ߣǧаԸˡ
ǧаǣǶǷҿ϶ҪǰҸẦǣҾͷˡ


1975 ˭˭
ǧаסˣСףǱ߰ôΣգһҲиӦ
˵ţͳ׺С׷ȥ
ü㲻Ҫȥ֮۵Ŀƺô
СҲǵ˵ͷ԰ȥҰʲô
ȥţҲûиˣˣ֮ۺûԵҾȸǣϾ̫ΣˣҺһҲܱǲǡǧаȫڲҪ͵ģȫ֪ʲôԼԼ
ײһЦǣ
ոҲ֪˭˵Լɱ˹ŵĶҶˡ
СҡҡͷЩĶϵһڣǵİȫǲǸбˡ
ģڣκ˵һͷǧа֤˵ǱһͿǡ
ţҾôʱֲɱģѧԺҲֲҵͷϡ
ȻܲԸǧаһˣǧаˣһͼı졣
Ҫǰɣʱ֪˭˭ء
⣬ЦЦǺãһҲиӦ
ǧаʱϲԼ㲻ɹ뵽ڲˡ
СҲЩģ˶Цģ֪ĻΪ˹ϵء
˿ʼѰұСѰұȻ£Сҵһǧа۾ˡ
ҲˣСһֺѰ
˿һˣóԷˣϴκ̴ս֮ҶûгԹˡС˵ţԹԵľͰԼĹ˳ǹһ㼶ǧа۾ˡ
Ҳֻһ㼶ѡ
СóԼĹӣǳ㼶óӣ⾹Ȼн㼶
ǧа˿ھɱ׺Сˣ㼶ˣİܼӡ
һҲǾޱȣСҿ԰
ٿСһֲֲ߽һ˽ֲ˹ǧа۰
ˣ˽ֲԼСģѹ
С죬һȫֲˡ

С׺ǧаʢһ룬ˮģ˸ûκεʳ׺ǧаͬľ
ȣ
ѺҲҪȡ
̺żӴ˭˭ɵӡ
ױѾʮǧһ·һЩѪǧѾﵽʮ֮ࡣ
˭֪һȥȻٴ۳һǧ磬ﵽʮǧ
ǧаѾʮǧһȥҲ֮һǧ硣
ϾһǧҪѵö࣬Ѿˡ
һɶŹ濴ȥӦûа˾֮ࡣ
棡
̲ס˿ˮҲһΪķʽĲҪ̫ˬ
ȣ
һͬľӣָԼʢһ룬ѲѺȣ˭
СԼҲںţƺûвζжѺȡ
ȥʢ˷ޱȣҾ˵ôֻø߽׵ʳĲζõǶϲ
СĻ׺ǧаǺǺˡ
ζƨֿɬԼȵôζѵĳô
±Էˣȿֺİһȹˣһ룬ĸǧﵽʮŸ
ǧа룬һǧڴﵽʮһĴǧ
ѺȣǺȵֵ
СҪһǧаٺһЦҪԼһֱôȥﵽپʮŸǧҲԶˡ
УûˡС룬ҶԱˣʲô
û˵ʲôǼѰұɡ
ҵֲСҪҲ˵ʲôˡ
ϤϤģƺ
ǧаҲǸоʲôѸվʲôڿٵĿСĵ㡣
ȻҲ֪޻ãҪʲôˣҲΣա
СϸţȻЩµζǳӵζгӡ
ӣ
ǧа׻֪С˵ʲô˼ǸžͿǼ׳棬ֳֳǹĳսʿ˹
壡
ǧаˣȻһӳսʿ
񼶱ĳսʿ
׸ܵǳսʿϵϢɫ΢䡣
ܴ񼶱ĳսʿǳĸҲҪΪ磬п񾳽硣
սʿһɾһȺһ֧ӡǧаЩģת۾һһûᰡ˵ܳû׺СȻջһʱˡ
λսʿв
ϾЩսʿȻΪˣʵһ㣬ͨʲôĸǼûС
ףСҪԼսʿ϶ŵϵıζǧа˵ţѱ˵ĺأ֪Щǻ۵ģ֪׺СбŹǣʱ϶ҪǸɱˡ
ٺ٣ȳսʿɱ֮Լ˶ܡ
սʿҲסԼȻҪǸԼһɱˡ
׶ʱˣǧаԼ
Ϸô˭ᡣ
װЩȵʲôˣеıﲻϵô
СҲ㶣˵ʲôô
СԼҵЩǱ˿ҲǺ±ơ
˶һ޹ӣЩսʿȫĿǧа
ȥмˣͦݰһ·ҵô౦Щսʿ϶Ǳġǧаҧгݣ˿ôоЩƺԼһ޳ܣһ뷴ӺԼ
СԺһ·ҵʲôզ֪
ȴǿЦˣͱװˣһǸոͻƵ磬һǸոͻƵ񾳽磬ӵٸϴǧǰǾҵ˱ܱסôЩսʿɵӣǱĳĸҲɵӣ
ã
ǧаоˣսʿ˲ȫ
ΪǿԼһ㣬һֱ׼Ȼɱ˹ǿײŶԡ
׻ֻѡ
ɱˡ
ҪϷˣ˿̴Ҹɡ
˵ţ״СͷٳԶɱ
ɲٸǧа͵ĻᣬʱߣЩսʿᶢ˭϶ǧа
Ȼ
һܣսʿͰǧаΧסˡ
ǧаԼ±ˣԼô﷭˴׼ֱ˿˵ľѧ׼ݡ
״Сһ·ŷֺ滹׷һսʿɲ
С㲻ôԸһʵĳսʿѰɣ
ûܡ
СЩίûܣҲϴκǧаٴһѡ
սͬĳսʿ
Ҫ군һսʿǶԸˡ
㲻Ƕɱ˹ôϴôһУӸſ¡С˵ȴǰϣϡ
һУҷӲˡ̾һսʿԽԽڻ׷ǡ
СɵۣӲô졣
һٶû죬ܲˣֻһս
СޣĲܰ
ǳսʿ˻ᣬֱӾͳֱС˭СΪСϺףûз
СŻˣΪӶ㿪ոۣսʿٴ
ʵֻͣһɧųսʿ
һߣǧаսʿסҲܲˡ
û꣬
ɱ㣬׸ĸʡ
սʿ˵ţȫʿһ
ʵҲЩսʿרΪսûĸ
ǧаˣԼǰɡ
֣λĸʣԼֻɱЩսʿ
һսǧаС
սǳ㼶ҲΨһһ޴
һһսʿ屻пսʿҲǧа
ɱ
գγһڵµλսʿ׷ױնΣ֮е
Щսʿǵڲ洢ռҲըˣһصı
˽ֲ߽꣬飬ɽһĲϡ
ǧа˻ԴԼ㲻㷢ˣԼǲǸɵһսʿ졣
˿Լؿڣոʩչʱ򣬱һսʿץһ⣬˿ƺҲʲôˡ

ˣֲסˡҧѾ˲СƣСûˣͣתΪӣתۻˣ˿̶ء
СаСŵʲôζһʱصǧа˳
ǧаȴȫ޶ԣڸԼˣԼٷһˡ
һǧаƺܾԼ˵ֻǧаˡ
ǧаȻԸǡ
ô죿
׺Ȼ뵽ʲôЩȵǧа㲻ǰħЫ֮λսʿȫɱ˰ɣ
ħЫ֮ʲôħЫ֮
ǧаһ⣬ɫ˲䣬ѵԼɱЩսʿǱĸħЫ֮
Ҫ㣡


1976 ǳ֮
ħЫ֪֮ģһλ
ԼɱħЫ֮ĳսʿ³սʿռıħЫܷ֮ŹԼ
ǲܷŹԼ
˿Щ֣̿˵ģ
״˿ʵȷҲֻǲ²⡣
棬ܴʵĳսʿҲǼĸʡ
һ֮󣬾ЩսʿħЫ֮Ŀ
ΪħЫ֮ѧԺشЩظǲսʿռԴĿԺܴ
ǲǣⲻʣһսʿʲ֪ˣ
ЦЦոѾע⵽սʿı仯
ԼἰħЫ֮ʱλսʿԳη֮ġ
˵ʲôܲ¶ˡ
ЩսʿħЫ֮ɽġ
ǧаɱħЫ֮񾳽ĳսʿǵħЫ֮
ǧаλսʿЩΣǸʣĸǲħЫ֮ˣʵ㲻֪ҶĸĽѾãֻԵü
ֻĻû˵꣬λսʿͱˡ
һּӲͨĸʣ
ǧаɵۣĸʣ˭ˣˣҾòԵʺһ䡣
״˿Цˣǧа泣ʶγ̿϶
ڳĸʣô˵ĽѾأҪʲô׷ĸʣ
ĸгսʿģʥġ
⻰£ĸʣκһǻ۵ĳսʿ϶ᷢ쭡
սʿǧаǰ֫ѼҪǧаΡ
ǧа˿ҲǼˡ
ȷˣԼɱĳսʿħЫ֮ġ
ԼħЫ֮ԺҪ군
ͼһìܣ˭֪һսʿ֪ʲô裬ֱӾҪƴ

ǧаҲŭˣˣЩӻˡ
꣡
һӰһսʿǧаɱˡ
û취սʿǻ۵£ȫûӵͣѾɱǧаˣͣ֡
С˿ЦˣЩСаıǣûƭǡ
ǧаԼƣ˵Ӧ˰ɡ
ôɡ
սʿˣħЫ֮޷ٵ֮⣬϶ҲӱԵء
ʱԼһǧаǾͱ׽ˡ

ԼΣˣ˿Щڲ֪Ͳʲôǽˡ
ǧаǲǵĳȥᱻħЫ֮׷ɱʱЦˣǧаĲУɱħЫ֮񾳽ĳսʿȶڷɡ
Сɻ˭Ҫ׷ɱǧаô
ǧа񣬾ЩôоԼһ
ߺţЩǿӲħЫ֮׷ɱңˡҿ˵ĳԱǰʮĴħЫ֮ҶԸң֮Źġ
֮˱λ
Ҳһλܹϵ
ħЫ֮Բ֮Ķ֣ūó׹˾ū֮ҲԶ֮Ķ֡
֮ǿ
׿ǧаѼӲ̲סЦȣ˵ģ֮ôЩΣӣһĹϵ֮ȥ㣬Խǧа
ǧаڵѪ⻹ѧԺġ
֪˵Ĳ٣ҪҸɽӲϵ֮֮ЩҲĮĺܡ
ԼҪǱħЫ֮ɱˣ֮ƶ¡
ðɣ˵Ķԣȥ֮ҺܱܿħЫ֮ɱˡǧаһʱǶܵĹЩͷɥ
ѧԺԱ㡣ʱ϶ޱȵ
⻰ǧаһ
ѧԺ
ħЫ֮ǱѧԺشôѧԺͺħЫ֮о޴ĳޡ
ѧԺԸⱣӦÿԻ
ʲô
ǧаɵӣ֪׾ԲİԼ˵ͣѧԺǿ߳汣Լ
϶
Ȼʱ׿ˣиҪǽ֮УԺҪҵķԸǵİȫ
ǧаһ׵ķԸ붼롣
һôİţˣԼǳȥ棬Ӧġ
ǧаӣȻ֮ǧаܲģ΢΢һЦǧаҪǲӦħЫ֮ʱɱǧаĳսʿǧаҲҪ군
ǧаüҪǣǧаԼʹˡ
׵˼ǿӣǧаӣӲ
ܵ˺Уܲ
ǧаǣʱҲ൱ѧԺǷһ顣׼ͲǧаôӲһô֪Լȥܻ֮ᱻһλϣôԴС
Ӧ
׿ǧаһϾӣƺҪƵġ
Щһ
һ㼶
׵ʱǧаֶԷȻЦˡ
ڵ
һﹻģһǿԼС㼶Ծ͸ˡ
ҲѲףƾεջҳԯʮ㼶´ࡣ
˵ģǲҶҲҪǲǡǧаٺһЦԼһɽŪһ㼶Լ̫ˡ
׺ǺǣҪǲˣҪ
Ҹ£ǧаγŻթһʡ
˸ǰ
ָֻһڵӡ
һȥ
֮۵Ŀƺģǧа׵Ĵ㣬ĿĵѰһЩСۻˣʲôûҵ
ûԴʯϢûһЩصĿռ䣬֮۵Ŀƺĵģѵ֮۸ûпƺģ֮۵ôƵģ׶֮۵˽Ⲣ࣬СɲһϣһЩ֮۵Ľܣһǽ֮ġ
СſڵϣһЩζѰʲôƷ
ڣ۲ˡ
뵽˳˼֮УԼʲôҲʲô
һҪϢƺԼˡ
ʲô
ǧа֮һţڣǲ֪֮ûпƺģװҾȥ
ҵ˲йǲܵ顣
С㻹ǵôô
׺Ȼڣ۷Ź⣬˿һ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
Ҳ鲢ûôӣҲ֮۵ĿƺͼˣֻǸʱҶˡ
ֱӷɽİ
СôǴǸڷɹġ
Ī
ǧаҲһס
˵Ĳ˼ǻ˵ǽô򿪵ģûмǴĻָǵĵطһήСǳ֮Ǵ˴ǽ֮ںѪľˣټ֮ǰѾںѪʣʮ˰ѪεС֮ϣȻǽͽˡ׵˵ţûмǴĻӦþ
СҲ˵ͷͿƺʲôϵô
ǧа˿üͷȴ
뵽һֿܣȻ¶˾֮ɫײҲΪİɡ
ǳ֮ȥˣ
״˿ʵǿñʮѪעΪָСȥˡ
ǽ类֮˶עеǽıûע⵽ǿСȥˡ
㻳Сǿƺģ
ǧаһмǿСˣǴһ޴ĻԵ
ҲʱȡǿСʲôˡ
Դȫֿɵá
ڣˣС֪ȥˡ
ǵģȻֻһֲ²⣬ҾÿԺܴ󡣡׵˵ţԽĹؼҵǿСҪСˡ
СϢһ㾢⻰˯ȥˡ
Լ۰
׿СӣЦеСɻ㻹ǵǿСζɣһţ
СޣԼǱ棬ǾȮ
վţȻָһ򣬶׺ǧаһϲ
ͺðˡ

ۣ֮֮ء
ȹľˣȫ
Ѫסȡʥ롢Ѫ񡢰ʡ£
ֻһ긲Ǻüǳ֮ǳ֮ѾͿήˣһƬɫҶҲûˡ
浱ǳʵҲȫҪ֪һöʵɾһǳ
ı壬֮һǳ֮
䣬ǳ֮Ҳˡ
ʴ˿̻ڵǳ֮֮һ񻹻ŵʱǳ֮ҽǧǳÿһǳһ硣ǳ֮ᴩŲռ䣬Ĥݡ
ҲǳĬˣˣһжǳΪ˹ȥ
һֱס
ıȻ⣬Դ϶Ҳȳǳ֮ôԴ
뵽ڣǻûпԴ
˲Ծؿʣʻ᲻֪һЩ
λҪˣԴ϶⣬ôҵҲĪ˵ţʳǳ֮ȥ˲ҵ飬ȥ


1977 Դ
˴˿һȫɫ࣬ʮ¡
ĵڶλػ֮һȴˣʱ֮еĵλҲǷ½
˱˲ԣҲǴʱʼġ
ǺǿȰ˴Լˣ³ŵö֣յܻҡ
Ϊ̫֮Ŀѡ
ʣҪҵҲʱȻ֪ʴ˴εĿģΪԴֻΪؼġ
֪һ㲻ȡ
ûйвȣѧԺҲǵѣǴ˴ܻ׺ܶࡣ
ѧԺȻֻˣԮвԷʵգвѪ˵ĿˣʵǸǿˡ
ˣΪһͺѧԺΪУʮһλҲλֻʮˡ
ʮħΪܷӳѾۿۡ
ܿûȻ뿪ڵʦԴһֺǿ϶ҲġʵҸȥԴЩ˶뿪ҲԱ಻Ҫ
Դ
ʲô˼¹Դļ¼ûйԴʲôӵ
ԴƺЩһ㡣
ΪͻƵ񾳽ҲǱĿģʱ˭˷
һȺǳ֮Ϸʲô죬ȴһ
棬ԯ̹šա˸Ϲˡ
ʯҲȫϹˡ
粻ٵҲѭڣ˽
ǳ֮涼ˣ̫ˣÿ˶Դ
ûУʲôûС
ģŲӿ
˴ţҪȥʲԸˣһѧ֣ס˴ˡ
ҲǱƢͨһѧ٣ֱӾǷ˹ȥ

ѧŭһһѳ㼶սգֱӰλֱ۸һ
ո˾ֱֻҪǳ֮ġ
˲ҽһ˵ӣ˶ʱע⵽Ƕһ
ǿʲô
ǱֱۣѪ˿̾Ȼȫǳ֮ա
һƬǳ֦֮ɶǷҫ۵İ׹⣬ȻЩ׹⿪ʼ£Ȼ۳һöʵӰ
Դ
ޱȣȥҲǲҵ飬׷׼뵽ԴĶ֮С
ΪĻᣬš֮û˲Ķ
һסˣоԾԴôô򵥾ͳˣԴϢҲ̫ˣ˵ͻƵ񾳽磬ͻƵ񾳽綼ܡ
ԴйŹ֡
ȻڵһժԴ֮󣬾ͷ˲Ծ
֣ǼٵģԴ
˿ҲʶΣգʱʮɱס
ֻ˿̶ǱԴջˣֻɱ˶ȡԴ
䣡
ѪɽһȡԴˣûȣͱʮֻɱ
ѣѣѡ
ʱǳ֮ĹâˣЩѵ塢һоȻǳ֮£ȥ
ʱǸժĹʵҲٴγԴ֦ϣԵܸоǸʵʵһЩ
˴˿̶뵽ʲôѵԴ
νԴҲֳɵģҪЩΪ֣
Դ˵ʵԼ
ĻҪ˲һԴڱɱ
ʱҲˣΪʲôʲҪԴĲҪԴȻҪմѪȣԸմȾЩ
ҲЩš
ʲôԭԴ׼ûֻмƷ㹻˲ֹһԼˣˡ
˻Ķˡ
׼׼ͻ񾳽Ļᣬܡ
ԱԴôģֻҪԼͻƵ񾳽磬˭ôࡣ
ʱ֪ҲסˣεԴʵʱѪԴǳ֮󣬿֦ɿһȻЩ۳һöʵöʵ̺٣ǳ֮ǰľйأ񼶱ǳ֮Դ񼶱ԴԴ˵ԴͻƵ񾳽磬Ҳҥ
̾һչ񼶱Ҫٵ
ʮ
ܣ
ʮʮһٸпܡ
˿е˶ǽûԸΪ׼ļƷ
ҲһȻûƲ磬ڶû뿪Ѿ˵һС
ԴҪǰɣȻɱˣøԴṩ
ʯ˿̹Цʲôѵģжʮˣ֯ʮˣʮˣȫɱˣԴˡ
ǰ˴֮һ֯嶼ǰ˴ĵˡ
ɱ˵Դ˵ùȥ
󣬷׷⶯ϾǺռƵġ
˴ټһЩˣнӽˣԸʮˣȫѹʽơ
ѪоΣգ֪ʯһﲻǿЦĴô
һЦ˭Ҷ֣ʱǾ˭ǻʮ˵ģƴɱһǿġ
Щ⶯ˣü
ɱͰ֯׼ǺãҪԼһˣԴʲôãΪѡ
ʯ￴Ѫһ仰ͻļƻЩá
治֣ҾɿţʱЦԴʱҲҪƴһģʱҲ˾ˡ

һ¡
Դûгأ
˭
һʱЩʱ뵽ʲôǳ֮ԴӦòһҪǵ޵Ŀ϶ҲԡȻҶԸ˶֣ǲȥޣԴ
ޣ
˶һ⵹һ⡣
棬ҲĪսöˡ
ͬ⡣
Ѫһ˵ֻҪǰ֯־ͺá
űʾͬ⡣
ƵһͬҲ˵Ԥ֮С
ðɣǾôɰɡʥ˰֣Щ޴ֻף۷ʵ̺϶ࡣҪɱͷޣܴչһ
֪ǴԹҲҪͷ޲Сһ£ȻֻһԼ֣ɻ˵һ
ͷǼ൱һҪɱʮͷޡ
ѶȿɲС
ǳȺģ֡
ԴȤλɱ޾ͲҪġʵ˼Բˣ˭ԸԴ˭ȥɱޣǲȥˣңѸλһ䣬ɱҲǳֵ֮ķΧ֮ڻɱãɱ˰ʬûá
ʱ˶ɫ
ɱûãǾ˵ɱ˴ʬС
ץĵɱС
Ѷǳɱܲð졣
λԴģͷÿȴʮͷޣ˵ʱЦǺǵ͵ǽƱˣһԴʱֻĲȥ˭Ҫûɵĸȥ
Ȼһвû˸Ҳ¡
Ҳ˷ԣȻ˶ͬ
ʼɡ
ʯ˵ţ˶ȥԸˡ
ߺ󣬿ʵƣЩ޷ѱһųȥ϶ѣ͹ǽ磬һԭؾôҰµˡ
һȺɱô౿ޣа취ġ
֮ǰҶæŽᱦԲ޾Ǵ˿רɱ޵ĻЩ޸Ƕ֡
һɱʮͷޣֻҪõҲʲô£Ȼп϶ҲΣգҲ⡣
ЦЦ㲻˵һû뵽Щ
Ǻǣȴǲš
ûҵ
һ£ʵлᣬǺԸһ
ʵ˵ͷܸоȴôҲҲ
Сһ㣬Ҹոע⵽һЩ˵񲻶ԣҿЩ˸ǳԴģǳġһ£ʵˣԴĻҲȥȡ
Ȼ߷ʵԴ١
˵ģ˭ᣬʱһ֣˭˭˭ġ
ЩأʵҲע⵽
һעġ
Щмĺ⣺ʦҲҪСģǿʼԴûô򵥣һ£رһ˵ˡ
˵ˣ
Ȼǵ˼ˣǼƺܵ͵ҲûʲôڸС
ǣʲô


1978 Ϊת
ʵ˼˵ָ
Ȼ˴˵ˣϸ˵ֻǼ뵽˵ˡ
˴֮£СҲǼ뵽˵˴޲ͬ
ָ˵ˣӦֱ˵ˣڰ˴Ҳ
Щ˺ܵ͵ҲǸй
ҲСˣҲ֪һЩĻ
ڵˣʼʵλ֮࣬˶ϵĴڣһ桢涼һʱڵˡ
ʵǿ˲òҲܴԭڡ
˴ˣ˷չǽĻ󣬶֮УǻһЩˣֻЩ˺ٳû棬ЩûͻƵ񾳽磬ҲΪ֪
ѧԺ˵֪жٵҲԭ
˵ʵغ
ˡ
ʺԼ˵Բ޵ķʸ
˵˿϶⣬Ǵ˴νܲǶȡԴô򵥡
ʱ˿Զ˵˻ûԶʱע⵽һ㣬˴˴Ҳýˡ
ˣλʼˣ
ѵһ˾ʹһλʼˣ˼ĺˡ

˶ȥɱޣ𡢳ԯԼ̹Ҳȥˡ
պͿ˾һϾ˴Ⱥһ˵϶ǲеġ
ʱȥת۾һ£һƽ첶һͷ޹ɱЩҲҲǧͷ
õЩ޵ԴۿɼٶȳԽҲʵԽԽǿ˶ǿļޱȡ
⣬ԴȻûг׳͡
ƺء
û취ֻܼޣڼҲѾλ뵽޵İΧ֮У
û˻Щ˵ʲôҶĮġ
ȥԴͻƵĻᣬǴۣ

˿̵סСԼǧаҵһط
˿ǶЩԭǿСǳ֮ٻĹ֮󣬾ȻٻĹĵط
û뿪
ֻںѪˣܰٻ
ЩЦã֮۵ĿƺģͻĹ֮⣬档
ֲôңҲ
ԼǰСǳ֮Сǳ֮˿֦ɶǺɫģƺѪҺתһ
ףȷ֮۵ĿƺģǧаǲţЩ̫˼ˣѵ˶ȡĶôֿɵãôİ
κһںѪˣҲֻҪˣͻᷢСǳ֮
ҡҡͷȷ
ǧа˿Щ⶯֮۵ĿƺģȡƺģԺ˭
ۣ֮ݴԿܷӳĹ
׳˼һ£ֳСǳ֮ץ˹ȥʱֻСǳ֮ѪɫĹâȻһʹ͸оԼıСǳ֦֮ɴˣԼѪҺȻƲסĳСǳ֮ʹȥ
һ׾ջֶ
ͬʱ׵ʶ뵽ĳصĿռ䣬صĿռ֮кȻһӣһǹڣޱӢӡ
ֳһѳգһλս
ӵʵҲޱǿһȻƿؿռ䣬ȴҲʾȻѹžӴ
ӽУһԴʱһתֻ˿˵սȻ֮ǰһǿߣһǿߣһǿߣŭĿԲֻǿһۣ;궼ˡ
һĻ
뵽ʲôϼ֮Сն壬һսúͻƵ񾳽磬Ϊڶλ
ʱ䣬Ӧ˸ոտʼʱ򣬾аǧԪˡ
˿̼תһþ޴ǳ֮֮ҡҷÿһҡҷ޾գͬʱǳ֮ÿһҡҷռǳҲҡҷǳ֮ǧǳҲҡҷ
һ죬ǳ財
ǹ棬һͻƵ񾳽硣
Щ𺳣֪ͻʱΣʱǳ֮ĺÿ¡
ͻ֮ʵһҪǿ֮նɱţħһλ
֮
׿Ѫڣսǻصġ
׸Ǳ˵Ļ𺳵ˡ
ʲôֻŶѣǵ棬ǻһһĴԪ磬Щ˽ˣΪνĳѣѾɥʧˡǣúԶóѡ
ţħĻʱǻŭ벻ʣǱ۾
˿ҲǳĬˣһɻԼΪʲôս
ѣʲô
ƺ˵˵
һתóнĶԻ
Ҳڵȫһ˿̵һıʹͷҲȫˡ
񣬻ˣ
ģ
üͷǵ֮кˣӦǵ귢֮ս֮һ
ȫӦǻ֮
ҲĻ֮˵֮ǿ˶һܱȵϻ壬Ż֮սŽû
׿ӣҲ뵽һЩš
ˣ˵ǻ֮
Ǹ˶ǴԣһŮûпκˡ
ǿӣ׾ôӦġ
ͻģϵܲ򵥡
ҺͻһĴ˻壬Ҵ塭ţʱʶǶ絮һǻˣǱƭˣҲġ
棬˿̵ģǱʹޱȡ
һıս˷ⳡսΪռ棬вΪԼܳѡһɡ汾Դ⣬ܱӰˣ߾սսǼһҲ˵ƵĻЩԲԣЩطǿŵġ
״˿һ⣬
ĭõĴоģû뵽Ȼᵽ
˵ʲôĭ˵
Ϊ汾Դѱˣ汾Դ浮ģӦô־ȴ֣̲棬ֻΪ׳ȫȫ뷨øṩ㹻̵档
ѧԺҲⷽовٵ©
˵汾Դѱ䣬ƺ˵汾Դ⣬Եˡ
汾Դ⡣
滹ڼһ׷ȥ֮ҲЩΪԼһ֮˽ôˣҲŹġ
仰ֱĴһ㡣
ţ׷֮֮ʱ򣬾Ȼֱӽͣȴģڼ׷ȥ

׿巢ԤϵˣҲ׷Щҳˣ˸³
磬ǧаǸ
׵ӣǽ뵽ĳִ֮Уȫסˡ
ۣ֮ǶĻԵ
ޱȣֱӳףǲҾôɱףϾǵõۣ֮ҲΪԼѧԺЩĶ֡
ֱץǳСǳС׵ߡ
Сסˣǧаȴǧаһƺɳȥ
ǧаⰡ
ȫѹԼȻõ֮۵ĺġ
ɾʱҲСǳ֮ˣоСǳ֮ȻʼԼѪҺ
ԣ
ޱȣԼѪҺӦþ
˿ף˿׻߬ǳСƿȴȫƲܲˬ׶֡
ǺȻ¶˾ɫ
Сǳ֮ĸ벻֪ô˿ڣ뵽֮УȻֱӽ뵽硣
ûзӦһĸ뾹Ȼץסһǧ磬Щǧ羹ȻŸ뿪ʼֱӱǣ

ǧаüܸоﲻԣڵףǳСѪҺˣƺ޸׵ơ
θˣ
ţǧа֮𾪵鷢ˣֻСǳ֮һӰʮŸǧǣȻЩǧͨСǳ֮Ȼ뵽׵֮С
ʲô
ǧаɵˣԼΪת޸ײɣ
ԣ
ԼȫǱ׵ˡ
һʱ䣬ǧаĶˣһʧȥʮŸǧΪһأʧȥǧҪ䵽нˡ
ǱߣСǳ֮ʼ˵ڶֵӶĴǧ磬ʱǧаˡ
æʼ߶Լ磬̫ңֻ˼Լ
̽һȻֹСǳ֮ȡ
꣬ƴˣ
ҧҧۿʮŸǧҪߣҧ𵶳ףֳԼƱȻ


1979 Դ
ǿףǰԼָˡ
СڿǧаͼвҪǸɱףʦǿ϶㡣
ǧаһȫСĻ
Լɱף˿϶׷ɱԼټѧԺλɱȵħЫ֮ҪΣյĶࡣ
ףҿȥˣе
ܿףǾֻܿԼˣȰСǳ֮˵
оʮŸǧ类Сǳ֮ĸϵǣסˣק
Լġ
ǺڲΪԼܶȡ֮۵ĿƺģǺⶫԼ
²ӦԼûںѪûƺĵʸ
𵶣ԼնȥһʮֱֵӾͰƴնϡ
ʱСǳ֮Ŀƣ˺˿̻¡
ո̫ˣҪǱһֱȥΪʱ϶ᱻ׸ȫӶߡ
ʲôƺģҲ̫졣
СһԿĶǾޱȣԼôݣǧаһݽɫ֮ǰôûп
ǧаС񣬷˷ۣһôӸʲôҪǻΪô˸ӶߣҲԼֵġ
ǱƣڻһҲСǳ֮ˣΪ뵽׵硣
׵磬һ˾ʮǧ
ﵽһٸǾнˡ
ٸǾ߽ס
ٸͻƵ񾳽ˡ
ĻһͻƵ磬ӵһٸǧҲҪʱ䡣
ȻܿҪ뵽нˡ
Ҳܶõȵ뿪ǽ磬Ϊ֮вѪӦþ֧ͻƵнס
˿̵ףļ֮С
ڻ֮׷֮ӦǷʲô漴Σսˡ
׿λ׵ΧסսǿȴҲˡ
ˣѪ䣬Ѫգ֪Լӡ
زأҿǵʲôˣ
ţѾһЩ˲һ壬һλԲ塣
Ҳף壬Ͳݡ
һ˳ȥһѳ˵壬â˺˵αװ
ܵ˵Ϣ¶˾ޱȵɫū֮㣡
ţǾʱ֮һֻо걻飬˳޾ĺڰȥ
ڰгˡ
סˣֵ˭ǿ
䵽֮ϣֳ˱壬ЩҪݻʱ˸ϵˡ
ʱ򣬻Ҳ׽ˡ
׻عһ
ֵģһȻū֮ôܡ
ū֮ƶûǺ֮һ
һֵ˭ǸƺǿȻһͻɱ
ģ
˵ˣ
ǽô£Ǻ֮ģԼдġ
ָѵҪߴЩ
׷ӵɻˣʵ̫˷롣
ū֮ȫǲˣū֮ȴ˷ɱ񣬶˰г֡
ףû°ɣ
С˱仯֪׿϶ǻת˹
ҡҡͷ
ûʲô飬ֻǱЩ𺳵ˣѵҪѰҵ಻ɡ
ЩҲܽģȥ֮Ҳֻܰʵǣôˡ
ףҵΪ˲٣ǧҲӵ˾ʮ֮࣬û뵽˿ƺģȻȺôڷԼϵı仯ЩԼܿͻƵнˡ
֮ϲ
С˵ͷҲ̫ˣΪ졣
ֻǧаڰĨᣬǿɶԼȫס
ǧаϢôôࣿ׳˳ǧаǷĲԾôоΪǵһء
˰ɡǧаǿЦԼʧôΪǵƺ֪Լɵġ¡
ǲ֪ҪãȻҪԼ
СʱߺߵԼˡ
Ļû˵꣬ǧаĴ
һ˽ֲ㵱ɶ֪
꣡
ɽ
ǧаҧҧҪǱ׸ǺˣԼûкùӳԡ
Ѿ˿ƺģԼ͸ǲˡ
˵ƺģǧаæף֮ܿô
׳һ£ǿСǳ֮Ѿˣⲻʧˣǽ뵽ֱϣγһһĶ
Źͨһ£ǰͳһҾ޴֮ȫϢͼ
ʶУֻо֮۶Լʶ֮£֮һͷͷޣǣȫ۾
֮۵ܣҲһЩ⡣
ԼΪܵͣʹȨҲޣЩȨ޻Ҫһİ󶨺֤С
ֻܼ򵥿ƣһҪȽһЩ󶨲С
˵ţ˿СǧаǰһҪȻü֮۵ȨޣҲĲۣ֮һЩô
ǧаæظ֤ҪΪ׻Сν
񶼽Ĺ֮У԰ȫ

Ĺ֮С
ͷޱɱԴҪˡ
˴˿̶ڵȴһֻ̣ҪԴһ죬Ǿͻȥᡣ
ǣסˣԴܡԯһ£֮⣬ܳȥֻ֮ҪصѧԺķΧû˸Ϊ㡣
á˵ͷ
ط
ʥѾںѪԴ͸ҰɡЦЦ
ʥƾ£ҪԴʱҸϺ󡣡
ãˣҲϺ󡣡˵ͷ˺Ĭ֪ô

Ѫһô죿
ͬʱ֣˭˭ġѪ񵭵ȴһ㶼ţƺЩ

ʯ;俴ԴҲǺܼ
ǳٳ޷ͻƣԴͿͻˡ
λ壬һСġµ֪ԼԴԼںһѪҲʯ;չ˰ˡ
ԴضǵġʯһЦֻһݶ˺ףʵЩ¡

ʱȥ
Դҫ۵ĺɫâеʼԴ£
ˣԴˡ
ʱֻԴϵʵѪⲻˣһžӨ͸Ĺʵˡ
ţǳ֮ԼʹȻĿʼֽ⡣
ٵˣ˶ֱԴȥ
Ҳһʱˡ

ʯһΪ壬ֱӾͳԴҧȥ
˶Ǿޱȣô죬ҪҪǳ֮ȥôˣô
˷׷ױܿ
ɾʱޱߵѪԴҲС
һֻоǰʲôˣſ֮Դķȥ
ͬʱ˫ҲԴץȥ
˫ײһ飬ʱȴֻԴ˵ײֱӷ˳ȥ
һޱȣԴȻֱ
һѾץסԴŤͷҪߣɾʱ򣬵ͿԼԴֱ۱ˡ
ҽһƴץԴһǹֱ̹ӰԴˡ
ֵ˳ɱһ塣
Դҵˡ
ţӵֱ֮һͲסԴ
Դȥ

һȴһȭ˵
ҪץȡԴˣȴǱĵɳȥ
Ҫˡ
񶼱ɳȥ
ɾʱһӴֻ֮о궼һˣŵѸӿﻹҹʲôԴ
̹ųˡ
ԴȥžȻֱѪ׵ȥѪҲǾˣʵʲôϣġ
һץȻͰԴץС
Ȼɱ㣡
һʯɲѪ׿
ѪױܵģǴ˿Χ£ܲǽп಻
ԼˣҲߡ
ҡ
Ѫɱġ
Ҳǲࡣ
ѪЩԼˣҪԼѪ˵ʵҪԴԴӦòѡ
ԼԴһذΧ֮УⲻǺԼô
Լ©Ҳּ񷨣
˭ҧҧȴǳһף˭˭ġ
һЩûзӦ
ʱ֮гһӰȻ̵Ľ
֪ʲôʱˣһڰУ˿ֵ̳ʱ̫ˡ
񣡡
ɫϴΧɱýˣû뵽û뿪ǽ磬Ȼ
ʯҲһȻͳŽɱȥ
ҶϺ󣡡
һȴֱųڴȥȥ
ֻҪص̣Ͱȫˡ


1980 ƹ
̵˼˼׷ΪϺ
ֻҪȥ̾ͻٶһλ񾳽ǿߣ֮еλҲһȽס

ʯһЩסԼſҧȥ
һߵĳǱʯҧУ㼶ĳȻ֨֨±ʯҧ˼ء
ʯӵ߲Ѫ˵߲ݶܰѸ߽㼶ҧ顣
ŻˣҲҪˣѸٺˡ
ʯȴǱëˣץ𵶱ͳλ̵ȥ
ѣΪһλ̵ϣǹɾ޴һСײ
䣡
̵λ߱ɳȥѿǳѷ졣
Żˣתܡ
Ҫһӣˡ
Ҳ׷׳̵֣ļλǶֱ֣ӱ
ʱ򣬽Ҳӳȥ
׷
һ£˵õԴã̵˵õˡ
ٶȼ죬񲢲Զ
֮Ųƣ
һȴ˲ֺһξ롣
üоȼѪ
ٶȵķͺħһΪۣöݵٶȻ
ˣǰǳˡ
񼤶뿪ĹʱװѺˡ
ʯʥ˶ǿż
ˡ
׷׷׷
У׷ˣһȼ塣

ɾʱĹ׸оʲô
۾̵ĽȻȡԴ̺ѧԺƲȡԴߣǸɡ
˵ţֱͨϵ֮ۺģʱ֮ȫĲ֮¡
⣡
ͺһ֮۳һ
ǳڣȻڳڴĵطγһϡ
ûзӦ˾ײ棬ǵ˳ȥ
˻Դ׷ˡ
Ҳɵۣʲôʱһϡ
񣬿߲ˡ
ʥЩȻŽһӺȥһֱӴն
޴ĹӰ£ֱȥǻ۶ˡ
ۣ
һѪ˳ȥ
ʱˣһǹס˹Դĵ񣬻׾ץס˽֡
һֻԼֱ۾ȻŤˣžͷѵ
ڷץסԴҲַ˳ȥ
Ѫʱ򿴵˻ᣬѪϯԴˣ˿̵ޱȼ
ˣ
Ǹż˵ĹֱӰѪķ
ͬʱһ޴ͳҧֱԴҧ˹ȥ
Ѫŭϳʯ
Ѹٵջ֣ɻˣֻһԴİƶʯһҧסˡ
ǲ
ѪİƺͰöԴȫʯһˡ
⡭
˿˶סˣԴʯһ롣
ֻʣһԴͻƵ񾳽ĹЧô
꣡
ûҵʵĻأôԴֻʣһˡ
Ҳ֪Դʲô֮ѾˣԵ㵭
ҲʱһǹѪֱ֣ӰöԴˡ

ѪعҪˡ
̹źͳԯѸٵĵסѪ̹һȥޱߵѪٴѪı壬Ѫŵļæ˺ǧ
ͬʱԯס˰ԪֱӰѰҷ˳ȥ
öԴ
˿ոԼջЩЦá
澹ȻʯĹӣճҺڳΣжġ
ˣԴۼ޵ɣͷӣͻƣ˵Ҳʲô󻼣һǲҪˡһ£Ȼ˿ѪˣöԴҪˣ˭ѧԺɱ˭ţǿԡ
ѪЩԾԾԣǿ˿̹šԯգֹס˽Ų
⼸˶вʵԼǲ
ʯ˿̺ٺٵ𣬲ʣµİöԴ͸ôҪʣ°öԴͻơ
Ѿ˰öԴʣ°öܴ
ʥ˻ڿҪҪˣܿͷˣöԴѾͻơ
ѾûȥıҪˡ
Ƭ̣ԣŽֲ߾Žֲ޽
Žֲ֮жޱϡٵģȻ֮ǰҲΪһöŽֲƴˡ
ŽֲһʯͻƵ񾳽磬ʣµİöԴȴǴͻơ
ʯֻһʣû뵽ȻԸ⣬ȻŽֲ
֮࣬ҲЩ
ϾöԴ˼ĴۣҲһܳɹױ˼˱ˡ

µҸһŽֲʯ壬ټǽ֮лõһŽֲҲֻȱһˡ
⻰ʯӵ⶯
һ£һһŽֲĹӣǴͻƵ񾳽ʱʹãһŽֲͻƵĸ̫ͣȫˡ
ʯЩж
ǶˣֱǰԼͻƵĻøԼ
ô
׿ʯĲˣѯʵ
ǻ
ʱֱվȻһͳһɫľŽֲǾŽֲ滨һöҶӾһ棬湲оƬҶӣھƷֲҲǶˡ
˵ͷܸоһ滨ֵơ
ʱҲóһöӣ˵Žռ̺ǿĿռ䷨֮
˴˿̶һ
Ž׵ĿռǿǺıһö˵ͻƵ񾳽ˡ
ʦϾһŽֲһöŽǷһŽֲȥ͵ѧԺµ
á»Ǻŵģֱһ׾ͰʣµİöԴʯ
ʯϲʤԼҪͻƵ񾳽ˡ
˵ˣҲһ
ʥ˳ײκϣˣѧԺ˴Э飬ʱȥʣ°öԴʱܾҪѧԺ˵ֹ
ˣȻȫʯֱ̫
Ҫ뿪˵ģôͱסˡ
ѪͰ࿴˿ҡҡͷ˵Ѿʮһλˣںٶһˡ
ʱֻһ졣
ͷȥֻǾ޴ǳ֮ˡ
ı壬˿ڻΪ˳ع鵽֮С
ɾʱһҫ۵İ׹ֱ棬ǽ綼һӡ
ǰ׹֮£ֱմ磬౾ڰĶ
˴˿̶һ
߷
ߣȥ
˵ţһʱͱ˰׹ֵĵط
ҲѸٸȥ
漸ǿķ֮һû˲档
ˣ
ʴһֱȥ˸λߣסˣ
˵һȺûԥ֣ϾǺɵЭ飬Ҫȡ
ǳֵͬʱҲǳˡ
м˶ǳץȥ˾Ȼ˵ˡ
˹
֮еһ˵ȴסλ˹˾ȻҪסҪĿ˹
ǽп˹ŭѶϣ˾ʵѵҪ
ѶüɲҪõ
ǿ˹ŭţһȭŷѶϺȥÿ
ѶϼæˣʱȻλ˵߳ˡ
𿴵˿ɵҲܿˡ
ˣȻȫΪֲøոԴʱǲôġ
Ҳ˼еҪеȴõ
ڲǲ򵥰
ʯЦţƺ֪һЩʲôҲһ
Ѫһ£˿֮Ĳɵģ
ҡͷ
ҪֵҲǺǴԼ˸ɵġ
ѪԴ˵Ųɣÿλʼ֮еĳһλĳλġ
Ҫʲô
Ҳԭܼ򵥣֮м¼һС
ҲͬĲ²⣬Ȼ˵߷ЩԲΪ
ϾԴҲҲЩȥ
Ҳ뿴ϷİҪ˵ʲôȴǺȻɫˡ
壬סʣȡ
һȴǶȻͳˣѪɵˡ
ô£ΪʲôͻȻˡ
Ѹٿ˿Χո΢˭˭ˡ
ҲˣƺʲôԼİһȻֱʹ֡
ʮλһ֣Ǳߵתֱ¡
ҲüͷʱΧȫûȡĻᡣ
˭˭ָʹЩˣ
ֹջֻ˵һ㣬Ȼбԭ
Щֹ׷Ѱ࣬ã


1981 Ƿ
ʱҲǼˣܿһ¾ˡ
ʦһ֮кл
˵ѧҲǸſˡ
һ£˵ͷã
̹šԯ˿̼뵽ս֮УǺͰ϶ˣ˿ϸǷۺ졣
˵ļ룬ࡣ
׷ȥʱҲſӣǾȻһӵͭ
ոǰ׹⣬⾵ɢġ
ץסˡ
ץסϤĸоʱȫ
ķͺޱϡ
ɾһ˲䣬˳ˣʶûзӦ˾ͱ˳ȥҲַ˳ȥ
̧ͷȥǾȻð˵ȡ
ȳֵһ˲䣬ͬʱʮλð˵ͬʱ֣סˡ
ͻһĻ˶ס˭û뵽ð˵Ҳȥ
ȣ
ŭһȫĶǿ
ϡͷϡֱϡϡȫһ̵֦ѾЩ֦Ѿ֦һһСķҶ
֦Ѿϵسֱڤ
Ӷ䣬ǽĿռ䶼ǳһѷ죬п׷׺ˣη֮ɫ
ʵʵ
֦ȳȥÿһһٱһĴռ䡣
ÿһȫһ
Ⱦޱȣûʻǿ
ҵ飬߶һ㼶Ķȥֵ֦ϵسڶ棬Ƴһѷ졣
ۣ
һѪ˳ǿҸס
оʴ˿̵ʵҪʯˣѾӵзʵˡ
꣡
ˡ
ѸٺˣЩ֦ϵس׷ȥҪ
ʣҳĺǿЩ
˵ţͷ𣬻Ϊһһ
Щ봩ֱ֦ʶȥ
žžž
뱻֦ķɳȥ֦γһɫķ
ð˵ˣסʡ
ȴһץոƿĿռ䣬ȥ
𿴵ȴǲԸȾ뿪
ȥ
ǹɳΪһ׷˹ȥ
ȸоһɿµΣͷȥͿĳǹ
æܣֻޱȡ

ǹȵĺ󱳲ȵĻ׸˺ˣͬʱĺ󱳶һѪۡ
գ
ȵһͷ϶һϸܵ亹
ոҪԤеΣգ˿ܾ̿Ҫһǹɱˡ
𣡡
ȿɫޱȣ˸ովȻɱԼ
Ц֮ǰѧԺѧףϳΪһǹɱ㣬Ҳԩ
ˣֻһֱûҵʵĻᣬ˿ȳ˳ֵɡ
ҧҧǿˣһˡ
Ժˣ
˵ţȥ
Ҫߣһ֦Ҳ׷ȥЩ֦ٶޱȣռ䣬Ȼ׷ȡ
ȵ˫žͱ֦סˣۿųھǰˡ
óһذףҪ֦ȥ֦ڶֱӰ
ȸûзӦ˾ͺݺݵײ˵ϣҲַ˳ȥ
һ֦׷ȥмҲϡ
ʵֲ̫˱֦ϣ޷
ʣʲôܣҲ뿴
һȻѪ
˿̳ˣѪֹЩ֦ûѪ֮С
ʵʧȥ˶ĸӦЩѪĸ֪
Ҳǰü־ͿʼѪҲһҪѪɢˡ
㣬Ҷסˡ
ѪʱֻѪ֮УһӰʡ
ǰȻ
һе֣ҲӶݣʱʯˡ
Ҳ֣
һҧȥûзһֻȶʯҧסˡ
ҽһ˿ˡ
ʯôһһͻҧˡò˵ʯݺǿٶȺܿ죬һ˻㲻˺ҧ

ʯ˵ţŰȥ
˿ҲǼˣ˿ڣȴҵò˭Ҳõ
˵ţȻץųڵĵطȥΪһ⣬˳ȥ
һ˶ɵˣмӰѸٵľ׷ȥ
ʯһ£ȴǲôˣݺһҧͰѰĴȸҧˣȻԥĸ̽˶ӡ
ߵһȣҲǴ󲹡
ʧȥһȣܴתܣ֪ǲܴˡ
°ɣ
һԵľ˿̴һŰһȭȥ
ܴ˿ֻòֻӦԡ
飡
ɳȥ
ȥķѪ׵˶ȥ
ѪЩԥⰢǾˣҲǶ֡
ɱ
壬ԼǰҪԼֶ֣˵ᱻڸ
ֻһΪԼ˰
Ҳʱһǻ֮۵ļȨޣʱˡ
ͨƺģֱӰ֮һжϤˡ
壬Ǿߣ
׳ͺȵۣ֮
֮۵ıһ棬Ϊһ棬ŨôСѾ̺ſֲ
ֻһ㣬׸ͷ˳԰һͷ
ѪһȫװģҲһ
ոսӴѪ׵սȻһֻоһɾ޴ޱȵѹȥ
˲֪ЩȥѪһѰա
ķҲǱˡ
׿ְ֮۵ӳֵѪ׵ս֮ϣЩ»սȥ
Ѫ׶ɵˣԼ
սնȥ߶սնɱ
䣡
սôȥˣûзӦǱݺݵˡ
Ѫ׾ˣȻһλߵ롣
Ҳ±ˣѪôǿˡ
˿̵İûܴ˿ʵֻ֮ǰɲĻܡ
ۺϣӰһͳųڳȥ
𰡣
Ѫ׳Űһץ
һץûκεǾ˵һĻˣֱӱץݺݵˤ˵ϡ
ɵƯ
ԯЩҲǰͷ
Ѫʵǿ
Һƴˣ
һֻоԼϷˣˡ
ѪɱȥѪʱ̣ȥ
һһ춼ǵӰ
ĲдеӰɢȥ˵ϣûϢ
ˣ
Ѫףɱһλߡ
̲סʧֱһ漣˭֪߶ǿ󣬺ɱѪ׽ˡ
Ѫûκεĸˣޡ
ȷʵǾߣǱˣһһĪѰȫѹסˣôɵɱ˰
κһˣ϶Ҳ
񣬴˿ҲͣǿѪ׶ǳɱ⡣
Ѫ׺һʱ򲻿ˡ

棬˶ǳ˳ȥ
أ
ɫ֮ȴǹʧˡ
ƺȡˡ
ô£ӳ֮󣬾ȻҲˡ
ֻһֿܣ˼ˡ
壬ǣ
ʿŻʣµ񣬴˿ɱʢ
֮У֮˲һ֦߱ᴩ壬ȻȫѪȫ֦ˡ
ߣ
֮У˴
ˣҲɱˣǼܻܿᱻΧɱ
Ѫ񿴵ҪߣʹŰ֯Ѹߡ
תۣ˶뿪ˡ
ʲûȥ׷˿̵̫£û˸

ʱȻһȻյ׵Ĵ
ʦһɱ˽񡣡
ɱ񣿡
һ£ȻЩףôҴѶģ
ǴǴӽµ֮۴á
ҵõ֮۵ĿƺģڿԿ֮ۡ׵һһ֮۵ӳֵϣʱ֮£ͣױɱ
֮࣬Ҳת˹
ɱ񣬻ѵá
ã
Ӧʼ
3
2
1
˵ţһ˽񣬶ֻоҪһһ߶ȫֿֿ
˭
о壬뵽ˣոհɱƺ
ɱ
Ҳʱˣһǹֱȡüġ
оԼ궼Ҫһ顣
ֻޱȣȴѾǺް취ˡ
ʦһӣĽһ
һȻֻоΧʱٺȻ
һ˾Ȼա
ڸոһ˲䣬վ˽񣬶һĻҲ˷׷ײĿ
վȻ˽ѳô
ԼҲס
ճһ£ڣӴ֮Һ̾Ƿˡ
˵ţһƴѽ˳ȥ


1982 صѧԺ
ε̾һתЦˡ
ҲãǺ̸ˣոȥѧԺ˰ɡ
ȻֵǮǺӵзʵʦȣֱֵһˡ
ЦЦʦԺһֱ߶㡣
տЦãʲô߶ԼȥѧԺ
⻰˼ܲס
ȷʵҪȥһѧԺˣµǧ䣬̫ĲЩҪ̡
ճһ£ڣӽպκιϸ𣬽Ľһһʹϣնġ
˵ţǽ磬
֮У˺޵ֱս̵ִ
ѧԺʦ˭׷ɱգǾѧԺΪСЦ֪⻰Ƕ˵ġ
ʵвڵʵ̵λ֣Ȼ˭յĶ֡
Ҳ뿪
ߵԱߣˣֻܵԺ֣ٶˡ
û˵ʲô
Ȼ˿ոҸ֮ܵ۵㹥ʱǲѧԺˣƿۣ֮
һû뵽ʵĸоô
ҲǣǹȻأͽǰ˴ѡ
ǵġ
˵ʵЩ⡣
׾Ȼõ֮۵Ŀƺģײһѡ
˭
Щ棬̲סʵ
ҲǱˣѧԺλѧס
ף
뵽ˣ֮ǰǸٻĹʱΨһһλ
׾ͱֵĺܾޣѪ䲻Ļɱ˵Ĺ
ʶףӡ
ôҵĿƺģ
ʻЩ⣬û뵽֮۵ĿƺĻ
˶֪ε֪ġ
һ£ʵǿƺľǽʱ򣬳ֵСǳ֮ЦãûмǴʱʻСǳ֮õʱʾ֪ǳ֮ǿƺģҲûнˡ
ƿۣ֮ʱ˵ԴҲûлȥᡣ
һȫס
ֲãֲã˵ľȻ˼뵽ʲôһĿɬû˼
֪ʲôȴѵ֮ȻҲڱѧԺѧõ϶޷黹塣
˵ҲΪס
ЦЦ֮עԵҲļ̳ߣΪס
ŷġ
ʱ׵Ĵ
ʦҪ峡ˡ
׵֮۱ϾѾˣ治ˡ
˵ͷס
һȻ׵ġ
棬棡е뿪ۣ֮
뿪Ը
뿪
׵֮۵ÿһ𣬶˶סȻǴʧɫ
ֻ˵һ㣬֮µˣոλµ˿֮۷
˶뿪Ȼ˲ԸģǻвٵıЩ˻ҡ
ɾʱ򣬿ֲ١
ֻоϱһһ
ţ֮۲ռѿռ֮Χۣ֮һɱһС
̫ٵˣھߡ
һһѸٵĳԶӴܡ
͸ոһĹϾͳ˼Ѫۡ
Ҳһ׷뿪֮ۡ
ӵ壬Щ޷˺ѡ뿪ˡ
뿪
˶뿪֮֮סСԼǧа֮˳ƽ뵽С
꣡
ǽһѷ졣
ʧȥ֮۵֧ţǽҲάȥˡ
֮棬׿ǽ磬Į߰ɣ
˵ţ֮۶ˣֱſռ֮ȥ
׹һ֮ʧˡ
˴˿̻ûзӦ֮۾Ȼ뿪ˡ
Ҳ߰ɡ
һ˳ջСûгûͻƵ񾳽磬Ŀϧˡ
ѧԺߺҲ׷뿪ˡ
ָֻƽ

ūó׹˾֮С
͸Ф֮ϵ˼ūó׹˾ĸ߲㣬ū֮
ǽ֮У汳ģأڶûлָͺ졣
ʵҪһɱȡ
ū֪֮֮󣬱˵Ҫȣ˰͸ФһЩԴΪֲǰ͸Фȴ֪ȸƨûС
ū֮ûдȣð͸ФĻ䣬ūó׹˾ʧ
ֻȵʵĻᣬԻᷴūó׹˾

֮Уʻʱ򣬲ûм档
֮оʹһţ뵽˵ĺ֮أֱӰ˵Ĵˡ
˵λ˴ʼ֮еλ֪ǴӦʲôȥ
Ű֮˻
ֻ֮У沢ûпԼҪĶ
棬ûӰ
ߣ϶ǱǼϲĸɾˡ
ţ޺޵²ôҪֻ˵й
ҲеЩˣͼı

ϵ֮۳ˡ
̬ۣ֮һ꣬꣬ȫһ档
ۣ֮
֮۳ϵʱ֮еǾˡ
֮۾ȻǱѧԺȥˡ
˴ǽ罵٣ıһԴһһ֮ˡ
ǰȣ֮ʵ̫ױ˺ˡ
Ϊݺ֮ô򵥡
Ժʧˣ˴ǲûеõԴЩȥʱʮ㣬ǿʵ̫࣬ñȹʥʯ䡢Ѫˣкһսʵ
ʵǵõ˰ԯ룬ǰԴѾͻƾ磬Ǿ˽ס
ˣջܴǻõֲϵȱúõĻòѧ档ǾŽֲո̫ʦһ£๻Ƴһ¯ʮת𵤣ʱòƾҲΪһ㡣롣
⻰˲žô˴νȥֵˡ
ǣױҲֵֶۣ
׵õۣ֮ǴҶ֪ģ۸ʲô
˶Ǻܲ⡣
ǻҲǽ֮ͻ˾磬ҵĹ֮еʱư˰ǽ磬Ӷϡ
ôܣ
ţ֪ȥĹ֮Уǽ֮лвģ۸ոͻƣôưԣ
ʱ򻺻ѱͷޣ
ʲô
һԯסˣѱޣ۸ɵģ
Ǵ׽ޣȷʵ˳۲ôѱޡ
֮
΢΢һЦѧԺ֮Ҳͼͨ۾֮һ
ѱޣҲʵǷ˼
Ͼѱͷޣɶ׵ʵ
벻벻ۿ԰
ԯЦˣ»ۣкϷˣСӲͷޣʱ¸ǿˡ
ȴǶԴ˲ʲôϣʵͲ˴ںһѪΪҲҪﵽнˣͷǿ£ûϷ
ͷǾʮͷ֮滹ϰͷޣ׶ۡ
⵹һ⡣

һЩͷ󣺡λʦϽǻ˵¡״˴θһϢ֮ۿƺĵʱ򣬿һĻǰһĻΧɱˣһڵū֮
ū֮
Ȼôū֮
ϢʱҲⲻѣϢʱ壬֪ͺá
ʱԡ
һ֪ϢƵһҪū֮
ū֮ȻˣʱһδǺ¡
ʵ̫ˣ嶼棬ǧ˳¡
ԺСǧаҪʱ뵽һ飬ѧԺ֮У˸ˣΪǡ
С˵ΪѧϰѧԺĳա
ǧа͸ЦˣħЫ֮ڰϰɱ춼첻ߣҪѧԺ
С
Ժ֮һԲĹĵӰ˵ı֮ʮֺı棬Ҵ˴ҵ֮۵ĿƺģҲİæҪңѵʲô飿
Ц
ԺСȻ֪ˡ
ŶҵʱЩˡһأǧаʲô
˾һǽͷݣҲһˡ
ţǾһɡ
룬ȥˡ
ܼԺˡ
СǧаסǧаµҶԺĽ֮顭
ס
ЩͷǧаһĹ


1983 Ź
ЩͷǧаһĹ
֮ʲô˶УҲ˵ʲôˡ
ǾǧаǧҪǸǰ˵
ǧаæ˵ǣҲɵ
ѧԺԺǿ񼶱ǿߣԼηأô˵
ֻǿǧа֮Ӧˬ죬ȴǾһδ˭һƢԡ
ҲôȥԺˣͰѧԺʦź˴˹ȥ
ʦ鷳ˡ
˵꣬ˡ
кܶҪȻûͻƵɾż񾳽磬Ǵ˴ںһѪӦÿ԰Լƽס
ѧԺ屻֮Ϊ塣
Ѫ֮ڣȥգӵ壬ʵһʱӦѹʯ䡢ʵһ
Ȼ˴λȥ֮ʯȻͻƵ񾳽磬ʱ϶Ƕˡ
ź˴·ǧаæȥ
ڲź˵òǧаЩ𾪵ģǳһȺӡ
ʦǧ򼫸ʢ֬ҺЦɡ
ǧа˵ţ͵͵óһƿŲٺҺһҺЦˡ
˵֬Һģһ֮кĻƷֻҪͿĨһԼԶ񣬶Ҵ˻ƷѪһҪҡ
һƿ˵ҲҪϰҡ
񣬲ź˺ľˡ
ǧаʱЩ⣬Լʱѯʵʦ֪Ժʲôã
˿ǧаЦЦԺôԱУŮ
ǧаһŮ
Ƭ̣ô˲Ůʮλӡ
ĻǾͺðˡ
ǧаź˵лǳмӣһõϢ
ϾԴִҪͶòС
С֪ǧаʲô⣬ȥץס˺˵䣺㣬ԺȥѧԺĳѧϰô
˿˿ԲСʮֿɰ
漴ЦЦ϶ģղѧԺĵĶ׾ѧ
С⻰ĵЦ
Ժ칫ҡ
̧ͷ
ʱǧаСں˵Ĵ֮£˽
Ժ칫ǰǣ˵һߣǧаһǣ־Ȼһͨˣʵš
ôᣬȻѧԺԺ
ֲ˵Ů˲һôӼź˵Ļˡ
Ժ
СȷӦǵ׽̸һЩǣ
ǧаһҲǸ
С
ǿ˿ǰԲͬǣ˿ǵǰԿһռźɫǣʮȣ׵档
СҲһоһжǿˡ
С˴ǽ֮УѧԺܴҪû㣬ײҵ֮۵ĿƺġҪʲôرģһӦ㡣ǱȽֱӣֱӾ͵
һԵǧаģСҪһ־ŽͨǶӦ
СҲǼޱȣôȥѧԺĳѧϰգɲԣ

⻰ǶûзӦȻҪ󣬹ֲö֮ǰҪӡ
⻹һ˼ı档
ǧаҲĿɿڴʹļףΰѧԺôæҪ
ܼӰ
ǲûгЦСЦЦȻԣѧԺôæֻҪʵ̫ǷˡɣôȰգһҰѧԺʦһ㼶Ĵߣٰӡ©
СɵˣԼһ״ߡ
ԼôģѧϰѧԺǰЩ϶Ҫġ
ǸЩЦ˻
ǧаǾˣֱһ
˭ģڸʲô
ǿ㼶¶ǳ׵ģҲǼֵưȻСߡ
ѧԺ̫ƴ˰ɡ
˻±֮еǧаΪ˵һ֮˴ʲô飿
ǧаӦ˹æһֱ˵ѧԺԺǻ۳ǳԽһʱգһάȣһΰڣˣֻǿһֱûлᡣ˴˳ѧԺҾ͸ԼһҪһԺˣȻҾҲĿġ
Ȼô㣿
ʲôԽһʱգһάȣһΰڣԼô֪
ƨĵģֱ̫ˡ
ǵģһλΰĴڡǧа϶
Ǵ˿̲סЦЩûеصôõģǱһۿˡ

ǧаЩӦƨô󷽷ĳô¡
Ӧǫһµô
һԶ̲סЦûôԺɡ
Ժصٺãҹ֮еө棬ޱߴϵĵĵǾ޴ڶᱻһۿǧа
ţģڵ͵Ҳûðʵǣ̫ˣҵĴǳ̾һЩεӡ
ǧаٴǲ̫Ҫˡ
ҿҲˣôԿˣһôƨ
Ժ˵Ķԡ
ǧаֻõ
ˣһбôʵ
ǸԺˣʵи֮롣ѧԺ֮ȫѧԺֽѧѧģʽˡЩڵʦ̿ѧŨҵѧϰΧ޲Ҹд˼֮һҪѧԺҪﵱһʦҪһ˵ΰ԰ǧаһʥ˵Ǽдˣңҵʦ
Ƕ⻰Ȼһֶš
һҪѧԺʦǿԿһ¡
û뵽ǧаҲһŽ˵룬ѧԺѧʦ
û£ѧˣҿȥввˣҿȥввˣҿȥСѧСѧˣҿְʦСֻҪҵһʦﶼһġ
Ǿ㵵ĿǧаǸְ
ѧԺСѧԸȥô
ȿȣѧԺؿһ£ǧаȰѧˣѧԺҲʡǵ
ǧаʱһϲֻҪΪѧԺʦõѧԺ֤ˡ
ǽʦ֤仰һ

ΣգҪסһǿѧԺ
ѧԺڴҪظѧԺʦͨбҪʱṩ뱣

֤»صˣ֮Ҳ鷳
ħЫ֮ɱҲҪһ
ʲôΪѧԺʦҪһѧԺ֤ѡ
ˣԺˣǧамλʥŮƯԺҹͣһԺ
ǧаûǺ˵Ļ
ֻҪԼԼһѧԺʦݣʱ϶Ͳڿˡ
ʲô˼
ǶǾˣ˿ɫҲ΢䡣
ǧаһѵԼĲԺθͦ󣺡ԺˣǧаļλҲƯҪѧԺһĽ̵ǿ϶֮á
ǻԼˣ˿ȴЩ϶ˣǧаһҪԼһЩŮ
һӷ˰ɣ
ʱע⵽Աߵĺˣ˿̵ĺѾЦǰϡ
ʱͶˣ϶Ǻ˵ʲôǧаӪӣΪˡ
һɫúѿ
ǧаŻˣʲô
ʱǻڣǧаˣǾͰǧаǼλʥŮ͹ʱҸǰŹ
Ź
ǧа˷һҶӣ֤ϾͰ˹
ʵЩɨˣú˴뿪ˡ
ʱ˪һ˳ҲЦҵԺϹҪˣ
֮࣬ʲô󹬣ǧа˰ŹȫŵѧԺʳôɨȥ
˵ţֱ뿪ˡ
˪̲סЦһʥŮ͹ȥɨȤ
̫Ͼҡ
˿̵̫Ͼɵ˴Ƶɵһ֡
һ־ʮתɵһֿΪĵҩ
νʮתɵʵǴǰľתɵݱģʮתɵѾһ£ڳԽƷɵԳ֮ΪʮƷ߾Ʒɵ
㣬һʮתɵһ۳ʮǧҲһ߽ͻƵ񾳽硣
ɵƣÿһԷʮתɵڶ룬Żټ롣
ˣһʮתɵҲǼֵǣóȥĻ˵ҲҪǧġ
˵ѶȲС̫ϾҲûоԵİտƳɹ
ԺҪưɡѧԺΪѧԺĵһʦʵ֪ѧԺˮƽߵˣʮתɵҩϣݳġ̫Ͼǹ˵
ʧˣװʧôĲϡ


1984 ׷ͻ
ҡҡͷ
ԺΪԺѧԺ黹Ҫ̫Ͼ
ң̫Ͼˮƽ
ֻƣһһԸѹءǵ
⻰̫ϾЩ
ĳ⣬һԣӦҲܼʱء
ʮתɵ̫ϾҪƵĵڶɵʥ嵤־֪һִĵҩ
ʥ嵤Ҳһ־ƷɵĻһʥ嵤Ѿﵽ۷Ĳ࣬뵽Ľ׶ΣѾӵĽĲô˵Ҳܵõ
˵ҲҪŽֲơ
Σֵҩߵȹ̣ħӰ졣
ֻǾƷɵͻƾʱãͻƳɹļʣֵȴǲʮתԼʥ嵤Ͷ١
ʮתɵԤһ¯ųɵʮö
ʥ嵤Ԥһ¯ųɵʮö
Ԥ¯ųɵһٶʮö
ǵע£̫Ͼʼһʮתɵϱ˳
滨ռԼԴ
滨ͿռһǾŽֲһǾŽֲĹӣԴǴͲྦྷĺġ
Դ̺˺ʮתɵʱǰͷųһööҩ֮С
ò˵̫Ͼܷḻɵĳ¯֮зһֲϣȥʣ۵Һеַ޿ޡ
Ƿġ
ʱȥת۾ꡣ
һ죬¯Ϲ⣬ʮöҩţһһ
ˣ
̫ϾЩ˵ΪƳĵȽߵĵҩˡ
ǳŵ¯һץһöʮתɵ䵽С
ϸһ£˵ͷԡ
õǵϿɣ̫ϾҲЩοԼûйǵΡ
ʮöҩȡʮö¾ö㡣
Ͼ̫ϾƵģҲȫߡ
ܸ̫Ͼ¾öʵѾܶˣ̫ϾԼҲܷöѣöҲ䡣
Ϣһ£һ֮ʥ嵤
á
˴ʮת𵤣̫Ͼأʥ嵤Ļܻܿʧܡ
ʶȵϢС
뿪ˣʼʮתɷȥ
״˴ι˲ٲϣ޿ɺǵĵõöʮת𵤣СǧаҲԵõһö
ҦܡѧǸԵõһö
۵õö

Ųãѧˣ˹ʮöǧŵѧԺĻҪЩ
ԽӼѧ٣̸
ѧߺ˼ʮöǧҲɷ˳ȥ
Ҳ񾳽֮ҶһɡĽ׶л塢ĺݡ
Իһöǧ
ս
ܷԺ
֮УһƴСĽɫֽƿն䵽ܷǰ
ֽ׳ȫ
ܷһЩ⡣
ɵҲһĿǿеֽס
ǳΪɵһԱ֮Ҳֽ֪ѧԺеĴѶʽԺǴѧԺĳ־ְǴһЩѧԺĴ¼
ܷ
ܷȥΪ̷ֽס
ֽһܷ֤ܷݣɢһŽ֡
ɵܷפغսѫ׿ǧһöͻƵ硣
䣬֮гһöӡ
ǧ
˴˿̶ǿɵˣܷԼҲЩĿɿڴ
ԼѧԺˣҽĻһöǧ
Ҫ֪֮ǰûԼͻƵ磬ϾĹһ㣬һ㣬ͻҪ˸ѡ
ҲЩĽ
Щһ֮սƴƴĲΪͻƵ硣
Գģʧˣ̫ʧˣ֪Ҿ͸úúñסѧԺȣ˵õǧ˾ˡ
Գͳ˧ϵĪ棬ʵлѧԺϵһģǺҪԼĳջû뵽ѧԺӪ
Գʧȥ˺ܶණԼס
лԺ
ܷѧԺķ򻺻ȻѴǧ
´ǧÿ˶ͻƵ磬Ҳû˸ȥ
ѧԺ˭ܵ

ѧԺ֮У̫Ͼʼʥ嵤ˡ
ʮת𵤵ľ飬̫ϾӵӦˣ֮󣬵ɡ
ʮöʥ嵤һö࣬һö٣ЩҩҲȡʮö̫Ͼö

ָꡣ
̫Ͼʱ乲ʮ꣬¯ɵһٶʮö
ֵҩȫϡ

ʮ֮ٴεá
˴ǷѧԺһ־Ž
һö
˹һǶǱȵˣ棬Ȼܵӿ
ҲǣԪʼģʮԪܵ޽һţһűʱΪ˲Ԫʼ⳥ѧԺ˴˻˼ĴۣŰˡ
Ǹж֮࣬ö
ǰöѧԺѧϣɡ

һǧϣΪٴͻƣﵽнס
һǧŰͻƵнףʮݱ޴磬˽һͬжֻܹ˫ȭ֮ͬ䣬ݻڰ̫ͼһϽ磬һС
ʵ󲻾д֮л澺һλ
ǧܷ߰ͻƵ硣
˺֮䣬֮ҶһɡĽ׶л塢ĺݵͻƵ硣
ѧԺоʮˡ
ʮǧͻƵ߽ף󲻾Ҳͻƾ硣
ʮ֮дϢʯͻƵ񾳽磬Ϊ˵ĵʮλ
ʯͻƣǰȥ֤
ѧԺҲ֮УȻûпմѧԺȥǰɴۡǰ
ɱ֮Уȥ¶档
ˣ޹
һɽӣɽ޹ĴӪʮλ˵涼С
һֱ޹ǱһŨ֣ʶ޷͸ǽŨȻɢˡ
ǼЩΪʲôҵôʲô氲ŵģ˵ѧԺǱߵĵǰʲôϲ¾ϲŵƽʹҵ
ѧԺҪô
һŮӺ
ǵȻѧԺѾȷظ˻ᰲһλʦǶǧҪ©ȻʱλǳԲ˶ߡ
һµӾ
ܸоѧԺӣεʮͻƾ磬ѧԺǫ˰öԴ
ҲѧԺһʽݷˣܲһ뵽ܵϹ£˼֮ˣо˴ףʮͻƾΣλᣬ޹Ǳʲôİš
µĹλڵھϽ
ÿһλ涼Լ޹ϽϽ֮ڵһжԼ˵㡣
ھΪµ⣬ʵٹµ飬ҲһԼĹ
ʥŮ˴ѧԺݽ棬ҿ۵֡ŮΪµŮ֪۶µ塣
ۻ޹֮ŮһʱϢ¡
סۣ
˵ʵϴνСȵĽ飬ݺݵؾܾ֮Щˡ
ŮʱֵʥŮϴҲ뵽ǽ֮УԴʱһư˰ǽ磬˿η֮绢޹ʥԪϳ˴
Ԫ
ӵ̫Ѫһλ޹ʥӣ۷Ϊ޹ȫ֮һĴڡ
Ԫ˴ɼ۵ı仯ж
֪ˡ
һЩΪѡ
֪ôͺ۵ĹϵҪǸ࣬һпܾͰ׷ˣҲҪֵͻƵ񾳽˵

ʯĹ
Ϊ֮ʯܵ⣺ߣʮ棬Ϊȶ֮Ҿȥսʮһ档
ԱߣǺǣ㵹ŵĺܡ
ʮһͻƵ񾳽пһٸԪˣȥսŰô
սʮһ棬սʮ壬սھ棬꣬Ҿ޹ĵһ档ʯ˵ţٺЦ
һ£ǡ뿪ˣĲȥˣʯͻ̫֮ˡ

֮С
һ£ʯͻƾͻˣϯ֪˭ѧġʣȥһˣúɱɱʯһ½񣬽Ķܵġ
ʿЦã֪Ǽʵġ
ϴðͻƵ񾳽磬Ҳӡ
ҲЩԼٸһ㣬ҲͻƵ񾳽磬ӦþͲôˡ
˵ѧԺҲȥ
뵽ʲôڵ
ѧԺ棬ǺúܣҲһ̽ѧԺʵĺûᡣ


1985 ָ
Ҳ׷װǰ
ΪĽ磬ЩҲó൱ȥҲΪһڸ֮бȽȨƵġ
ѧԺ۵ס
һž޴ĸյԲ
һɽ壬вɽ嶼аɸߣҼΪͣǲ뵽֮еһѽһ
ɽ֮ϣⰻȻյһɫĢ
ϸЩɫֲһɵĴΪ
һֽһָʵľľ
ʯ֮УҪˮֻҪܽӴʯܴ
ԳǧɸߣӲȿԭ
ԳɸߣӲȿԭ
ԳʮɸߣӲȿȾŽԭ
۵Щʮߣݶڰϡ
ʵϣԶԶֹ
ڶ־ľ٣Ҳܳߡ
֮ٲڼȴǻ᳤һ׳
߲ɣٳȴǳʮɡ
Ӳ̶ȻҪܽסһʺԳӹ
־ľ۵ĵ滥ഩ壬ƣʹĵһƬɫ

ڵ֮кأռ䶼΢Ĳ
ѭǺķֻһþ޴ʲôײˣϵ˿ŵɢӡ
˵˲ҪƻϵĶǲô
۵žͿһɫıӴ֮һĿռ
ž
ӳһ޵ϣǾŵḻ̌Ե˵ϣɪɪ
ޡ
ӵսޣǰȴèһ
ۻޣ֮һɫֽƿն
ֽţһѧԺоѧۣȡ顣
ֽ˵꣬׹ȥһҫŰ׹ż
һץ׹飬ֳһλ
ѧԺоѧۣٿڼ㽫ѧԺǰμӡһǰ1342.12349.998㣬ʦ͡
ۿһλʱһ⣬ɫǱˡ
磡
ǼҲ֪Ϣʯ񾳽磬ڶǰȥ֤ʢᡣ
ȥμӵģĪһЩ
۱ΪԼûʲôϵû뵽ȴҲҪѧԺȥμ硣
ˣ¡
۵ʹձܾ龰ֵָǰ
ΪԼҪЩ˿ȴòˣµʱ˵ÿһǵ
ɲԾܾ񣿡ʵ
ָԺѾֱˡȻҲѡȥ⽫ӰһεĿˡֽ˵꣬Ϊ˹ɢˡ
ָ񣡡һĿɬԺȥİ
ΪֹѧԺ֮лûĸ˸ҲԺָ
ָԺĿ顣
Ҫ
ͬһʱ䣬ס
˿̵ĽѾǰͬġ
ǰ֮תϢ֮
һ֣棡
޼Ǭ㸲ڵĽ

һգ˿һѣ¶ռ䡣
漴һϣǵռ䶼ǳһѷ졣
ռ䣬
ռ䣬
첻ǳΪսֲ֮զࡣ
ʱһֽƿն
ѧԺоѧ죬ȡ顣
񣿡
ѽպãӹŷ⡣
ѧԺоѧ죬ٿڼ㽫ѧԺǰμӡһǰ1342.12349.998㣬ʦ͡
յ
һ£֪ѧԺΪʲôȥμ硣
֪ѧԺ޵ķʸԺָһ㶼档
ȥˣ׼û
ӽѧԺʼԺָģ󶼵õһЩ˵Ļ

һºǿĳ
һƬռˣǷۺĽ꣬ٳġ
ˡ
ЦЦ˿죺Ϊֽˣò˶þͻƵнˡ
֪ԼΪסɣõԺһöʮת𵤣Ѿ˾ʮŸǧһǧͻƵнˡ
ɵͷͻƲѡ
أôû
üͷ۵Ҳ֪ȥȥֻԼˡ
ԵûУԺҲˡ


1986 
ҡҡͷ֮ǰȥסȴûҵѾڵˣѱľͷҲˡҸϢҲظ
Ҳ֪۵飬˿Ҳǲɵһ̾
أ飬Ѷɡ
ɻ˵ʲôȻֻ֮г˾ҵռ䶼˾һһȥֻ֮Уͷɾ޽̤գ޽˺Ѳһɱޱȣ˿µǴ˿̾ͷȴǱεϣһӵһʮ׳ľ졣
ͷޣȫΪ
ŵһͷ׻һϵ
죬ޱȡ
춼Ѿɵˣʶ־죬ھۡ
ҲޱȣȻ̲ס΢΢һЦ

žѾʮ͵ס
ͷ޸ܵһǰ͵һץֱӰѿռ䶼ץˡǽ漴һĿռ䶼翪Ȼǰ˾ŰٶȽ
Ӿɺ۱ȭʦˡ죬ҸողſϢʱڳԯʦס죬ûüظǸ
ЦЦǲ⣺Уݹɡܿԣ
ͷ죬Ĵ
۲һλѣ˿ֱ̼Ǹߵľˡ
룬˸ߵȥҲյϢ֮ǰ˵ĵڶˣλڶ汾֮һͷޣǿվ޵λеģҲΪ֮Ҳ֪µĸס˴ν磬ڶҲ˵˻ڶס
ɫϾҲǴСõϢ
ڶأס
ڶͬ⣬½һܡ
ô㻹ȥԣ
һ£ϴ¾ܾۣǸɴúܡ
Ȼȥ¡
֪뷨ҲֱԵϴξܾ֮һȥ˺ܾãܾܾңһʲôѵԭҲֻҵĴʲô飬ҪǴĻᣬҾһ
첻ָ֪оҲ˵ˡ
ɣЩ߿һۡ
ΪһܣƴԼϣʧˣԺҲԹ޻ˡ۵ļ򣬡ȥɣһ벻۸㡣
⻰Ǹж
ʱҲ˳ƵʦһҪ鷳㡣Ҫ룬Ҳ֪Ǽ٣ģϣΪҵĳסƸѾҺСȵȫһ˽˲ٵ㣬ƶһ⻹һҸĸ
˵ţǰƷ
һһʮתɵ
һǸ߽㼶֡
˷̫ʹõķͬȴȫһ
˾пܻǵԴ֮𣬷УҲҪǶʵԺм
һͨͨȫһ
ȴЩأҲ֪ҺСȸĸţΪԺ򣬽ҽ뵽ѧԺ֮УӴ˲һڷ絲ĵطĸΨһһ˵Ҫδϱһֱţδ
Ҳ֪ۺССû˸ĸҲֻˡ
á
ûоܾƸֻʮתɵ;֣ˣԼպáЩƸҪڶ֣Ҳ岻ǵڶδػᶮˣ˲źá
۵˵ͷǷҲֻжԼ塣
Ǵ³ˣ͸²źá
û飬Ǿڹȥ۵̣ûһͬǰˡһǰȥһط˴һ¹ڵڶ飬Լε˭Ҫס롣
ã
лʦ
Щмɾʧˡ
쿴˿۵ľ죬ôݣԼˣˡ
һӣһɫɽˡ
ɽɢһһɫƣһ
󣡡
еͺȣֻɽѸٱת۾ͱ֮һҾ޴񽢡
Ӱһ䵽˽λã漴߶ӡ޽˺ѿռ䣬ƿնȥ
ԶԶȥƶ޽һ


1987 λ
ۺٶȺܿ죬ת˲ȥ
޹ȴкܳһξ롣
ܴ󣬴Ĳ˼飬棬ҲҪ֪ټԪܹ
ȻصĴԪ磬Ҳ޷롣

º
ŵƽʣһƬϲ죬֮ϼ꣬һʴפضС
һЩڿö
ôĽʵΪ֣ǰһռƬĴʮ֮һ
ʮ֮ŵĵط޹Ҳ֮ء
൱ɵԺһĶŵӣ޹ŵӡ洫ӡ
һ֮ǰ޹Ϳʼӭӱ͡
ɽѪףףʮͻƣΪʮأ
һֻһľ׶ӡ
ӽĹ˴νӴͣ񾳽µĶǽ
񾳽ǿߣȻԽӴ
Ѫ׺ʾһ£ͽ뵽֮ϢϾῪʼ硣
󲻾á
Ŵףʮͻƾ硣
˿ǰĽŵĴأûô
棬һŽϻӡ
ӽüĿ˫ֶָȴǱɫȭװֻ¶ָ⣬ʦոձʮߣȥ˺
һ漴˵ͷ
Ȼ񾳽磬ȴսȻǰӭ˺ۼĵطȥˡ
롣
˴Žȥ˺棬ס
ã½
֮󣬲˵̿͵ɾʱԶմһ޺
һȥֻ֮Уͷɾһ̤գͷ񷣬ɱ
ͷʵޣ
΢΢һЩ𾪡
޺Ҳ׷˳һĻ
죬˭
Ȼþͷ졣
Ҽǵ޶ѧԺ˵ȥˣѵѧԺˣ

һȺ˵ţʱͬһ޴ƿգٵ˸ǰ
գ
ʱһԾӾ޽֮һָ޽޽ʼϵСת۾ֻдȻһһ뵽֮Уʧ
ѧԺ죡
컺˵ţߵǰ
ʱǾͷҲۺסͣ
۴ӾͬʱѧԺۣ
ߵǰ뺯
ѧԺ졢ǰأӭ
˵ţ߳ʮˡ
۵˵ͷܸоǵӡ
Χ֮Ҳǿˣ֮ǰԼĽѪ׿ɶΪҲû飬۹ҲΪȴⰲʮһӭӡ
ѧԺ
ܲôʯͻƣѧԺǫøöԴȻʯͻƣܡ
ѧԺ񾳽ǿߣ֮ѾǺǿһ

˽ۺҲû˵ʲô
ѧԺΪ٣һ죬ѧԺҲΪ١

һָָ۵ľ죬ЩΪѡ
ʱҲˣ΢΢һЦǴͷͣսĵط㻮һطС
ͣսĵط
˶˵սǻİ
ңÿһͷ޶ʵҪǱܱͣŵսҪΪƬ
Ÿʲôȥš
ߴٵȴһ㶼ġ
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޲棬ޣһֺܲбޣôѱʵʵ
롣
ʱʾһ£ʣµ˽뵽
ͷѧԺѧˡ
죬𺳵ġ
ѧԺʦ֪ûУ

һȺ˵ţɢˡ

֮
ۺ֮ס£ΪºСȵԭ򣬲˶۵֣ܺ档
ЦЦۣ죬ǽһԣ׷£鴫Ҳˡ
֪ȡЦԼֱӷһۣȻŵ
ڵۺܿ̿࣬ǰȻܱȡ
ЦЦҲϻֱӳֽд
˸ոսֲʮغϣȻһȻ͸оʱձ仯ѾһС֮С
ʦ
ۺ쿴վǰˣ
ɻ˻֣νһΪ۵飬Ѿˡ˴Ҫ֮׵Ĳһˣˡ
ˣ
۲ĵһЩ
һοˣҲЩͬˡ
ٸһǧʱ䣬۾ͲôˣȻǲܵġ
һ̵ģҲǵ϶ˡ˽أǵ֮УһڡյʦĲ֮أʦȴһԴ֮ҲӵǿվľѪʵǼǿȫͻ֮ǰʯɻ
˵Ǻǿ֮ǰǽ罵ٵʱ˵ڱչس񾳽磬ûнȥ̲ŰʵûȫָĽ񡣡۵ǽҲһԣץס˲̵ĵӣѯʵ̵ڲϢҲʱ֪أ
أǿҲûʲôоû뵽ڴ˾ͺԼ˽
Ҳ֪ӵл֮ѪѪϲûֳأϣأľѪµѪĺֻܸܿѪǿվаλеģӵѪͻƵ񾳽ĿܼΪһܻ֮ܿĶɳ
ڵ棬ߵȽ׵ǿվѪԽԽˡ
ΪʲôһٸԪٵһԭ
ΪѪ˺ܻܿҽϡ
أõʲô
أ˴γ񾳽ʧˣ񾳽ֻһ֮½ϣʻõ֮ĴУӦͻƾ硣롣
أһγ񾳽ʧ֮Ǿ뵽취
̺˶飬˫ͬ⣬൱ҲǽѣѧԺȴܲ
²ͬġ롣
ܲϲأδ˵㡣˵֮Ǻܲϲ£һֱûм̳Ѫһܳ飬Ȼôᶪھ档룬Լʱֻѭ֮İš
۳ĬˣҲĵ顣
֮ΪһӵԼѪļ̳ߣܻܿô
ǻأʵ
ڶҲǱˣλʮĵӽ࣬ӵн޵Ѫֻǽ޵ҪԶľң½ϵĻӵлѪĿҪԶأġ޹ˣԺܴҪ̳еʮλӣټϵʮҲûпܡɼ
ôͶСº죬ӦҲյϢżˣŻֱס۵
Ͼ޹ˣơ
ϲϲ¶ңΪʲôࡣ
Ҳڶġ
ӮˣôĶ࣬˵ģ֮ĴҲͻƵ񾳽硣
еأۼʵӦöľˣе˻˭
ôһλ񡣡˵ʱһ
ԼϢʱҲǺܳԾ
ۺ춼סˣҪΪ۵ô
ҲʲôӣֱӵڵڶԴʱðһλͻƵ񾳽磬λŶ֮֮ףҪӭȢ¡ԭҲǺ
֮
ɫѿλ֮Ҳû˵ӵʲôǿվѪһʲô
ѵҲǵϲ¡
һλ񣬲ǳʲôԭ˶ЩĶġ롣
û˵ֻǸоѹ޴
ȣûκεƣƾʲô֮ῴ
Ϊ
ѪͨĵѪ
۱ȻѧԺΪҲ޵ĺܡ
Ǳ˶ѾˣǾҺͽѪûȡ
Ѱ
춼̲ס̾һ۵Щ̫ˡ
λһλ񣬸ڵܱȵġ
ôˣ
ɿ˿ۣҪ˳ҿȥ
۳ĬƬ̣ȴȻҡҡͷҼȻˣҪһѾ֮ǰǸˣһУܽǺõĻǻġνֻԹ޻ڡ
ĵ˵ͷһǿ߸еӡ
ǿߣҪǿ


1988 
ҲһЩ
ǰĲһˡ
ܺãԺҪ֪ĸı䣬϶ҲΪ˵ġ۵ļ򣬡Ҫ̫ģѧԺã׵Ļʵأٶ١ǻ֮㹻Ļѡ㡣
ллʦٴθл
ЦЦȻоʲôߣҴȥһطϷʼˡ
ʲôϷ
ѯʵǾ͸о任Ѿ뿪֮ǰС硣
ģ˻Դ˿ΧһƬĵطޱȵϡҲȽҡ
棬һĴ档ɽ͵Ѿ챻汾ԴȡɾˣҲ뵽֮СĻиǧ꣬Ӧþͻ᳹ʧҴǵģսġ
սۺ춼ȻʲôսȻҪһķϵĴ֮йۿ
ʯͽһսҲֻд裬ǶֻдҲǻòٵĺôɵʯǸͻƾ񣬶Ȼ񾳽磬ܷĻʵȻǿԺȽϵġһս˭ʤ˭˵
ۺ춼ЩȻʯͽҪｻ֡
ʯȻǸͻ񾳽磬Ͼӵ߲ѪǸͻƣʵӦҲҪǿð˵Ķ֮
ڽ˵ˣ˼ֱһ漣һĴڡ
֮⣬½ֳ˼Ӱ
ħ֮
֮
ū֮

תֻۣǿ߾Ȼʮһλ֮ࡣ
⻹˲֪һսϢȻҪһ
֮֮⣬ʡѪס񡭡ȻҲС
ˡ
ɻڣһ
ֻռһطȻһ㣬ȻͿȻըѿľϵǱըֻһѺɫзһץźɫ״󺺺Ȼˡ
Ŀ࣬磬ϰ¶¶һɫ
֮ƺ̲һɼΪµ

󺺳һӣĿռ䶼Ƕһָ

ţʶ󺺵ݡ
һƿľϵǽ˭ʯ֮ǰʱҲû˿µ
˿̹ЦʯС棬ΪͻƵ񾳽磬ǰװʮˣ˱˵ҪүүҵҪôҺúÿ˭˭
ÿ񣡡
һ⽣ȫһ
ʱ򣬿ռ֮дǲǲѭȥһľϵȻһŷݸҧһ
ݿ԰
ɶ̲סЦˣ˵Ȼʯˡ
ϵĶԽԽʯӴڴ˳ʱЦýСӣҳʱ㻹һſأңҽ㣬ȥսʮһ棬ȥսʮ棬ȥսھ棬һ£Ҿǵһˡ
֮һԿЦʯͻ̫֮ˡ϶Ҫսˡ
еˣ֪ͻƵĻӦø壬ֱ˷Ѱ
ʯС棬ĪҪš
˵ţĺɫһ᣺һҾͲˡ
˵ţΪһڹֱʯȥ
ٶ˲ͳԽ˰ٱ٣ﵽ˾˵һٰʮ١
ڵ֮У񾳽֮£һٱٻǼˣͻưٱٵƣȻڴ֮УٶԶԶ˰ٱ١
ǵٶȣʲôռŲơ
ս֮УΪռĲȶԣռŲƵֶ֮ζʧЧٶȴǲᡣ
˿̽˾˵ٶȣʯﶼûзӦﻹʲô񣬹ֲҪˡ
ʯﷴӦʱ򣬽Ѿĸǰ
ɷ˵ĽһֱȡʯҪ˿ʯﻹȭֵһȭһֱУ˶˳ȥϴһȭ׶ѿˡ
һе֣׷ȥȴǸʯﷴĻᡣ
ٴһȻֱȡʯҪʯҲʶԼٶȾȻȫ罣
ٶȴﵽһٰʮĹ٣ֻвһʮ٣Ѿȫ뵽˽Ĺ֮¡
һģȻֻķء
˴˿̶ǿˣ⽣ֲ̫ˣռ֮ȫʯκεĻᡣ
꣡
ʯȭˣȭ׵ʱ䶼ûС

ʯֱϣϳһѪۣ۵ʯҽиͣ

̲סܿӿʼڣٶȿ죬ÿһǿһһ
ÿһһȫ޶Ҳʲôʲôͨ
ǺǼɵʯһȳ֣ʵ£ȳ֣ѾˡĻᣬֳ嶼ˣԩҲ޻˵
ʯһٶѪۣҲˡ
ʱһˣսʯС棬ҹˣһսǾƽˡ
ƽ֣
ʯ￴˿Լϣ˿ҪˣһûУұһٶལ˵ƽ֡

ʯֱӱ仯˱壬Ž׷˹ȥ
ýСӣ̫ϰˣովƽ֣ڿôúý㡣
仯壬ٶȿɣԼ֮ǰĽ
ⲻˣô
ΧȴǸû˳ֹҲſʵʵ뷨Ͼոտʲô
ʯС棬Ƿʰ
˵ţˣٶȾȻ֮ǰˣ˿̺ȻٱĹ١
ʯ˹ֱһա
㿪֮һֱӳʯնȥһ޹ʣֻһ㣬һԭ㣬浮Ǹһ
䣡
һʯӲԴײһ飬ֱӰʯļƬпˡ
ʯҲǾˣתҲ˻ᣬŽǺݺݵһҧ
һҧſֲ֮ߣǱ֮ǣסٶ˲併֮һѾʯ

ĿӱʯҧסҲһǿӣĴȡ
æնһԼĿӸиˡ
ͣͣͣ
Ӷݳȥæסٴȥ֮սˣСոͻƵ񾳽磬Ҳɡ
ʯҧŽĿӵޱȣأոһ㣬ĴȾûˡ
ǲٺʯһսˡ
ôͣˣ
쿴Ļ񫣬Щ
ͣô죬սȥ϶ҸᣬֱӴӸոʯﱻƻƬĵطһɱʯʯɱʲɡɵ
һսĻʯʻᱻɱ
ҲѪȣǿ񣬿ǹٶȾȻҪʯոͻƵʵѾȫԱ񿴴ˡֲܷӦǿˡ
ԥһ£૵ҲԺǡ
ֻ⻰ûˡ
Χ۵Ҳջ񣬶˻ǵһο֣Խ֡
ʯ˿Щҵ׵˭ˣҺòͻƵ񾳽磬޹Ұ磬ҲǷһˡ˭֪ĵڶˣͷȥˣǻһͷҲŮĻ¸ˡҪҲѡȥս֤һӵģôֳȫ˽
Խ룬ʯԽƣԼͻƵһ˼ûС
̫ˡ

ȥ֮ٴδۺʧˡ
һС硣
þò
ЦЦϴҪ㽻֣ļôԸ⣬û뵽ȴǺʯСսһ̫˼˰ɡ
ɵĻɫܲÿ
˿ҲЩĿɣ֪Ҫͽֵ顣
һҿɲĶ֣ħЫ֮ˣ֪УҪһսⲻŰôʯһǴͷҲôǵģýᣬȫһҵˡ
ɹЦ뵽ʯǼһжơ
ɺͽƳˣŷġ
ǸոϲɵĶ֣ɺη塣
ʱ˻֣죬ոսĽҲ˰ɣ
Щԣ뵽Ľǵ˵ͷֱƽ
ʱҲ죬ҲһɿµĽȫԼĵӽ
΢΢һЦҲҪѧ㿴ѧԺѧôһ£
һ⣬֪ɴ⡣
һҲͽĵӲѧϰѧԺѧôܴ
ҪڣԺ֮𣺡嶯ʵǿҲԸΪСǼôҴҲû£ⲻʲôѧͶѧġ͵ǵǮˣȻĻ͵ΪʦץѧԺʦˡ
סץѧԺʦ


1989 ⲻҵļ
ʵ֪֮ǰɾڽŶ¹һνҪ뽣ȥѧԺʦֻǽԸˡ
ѧԺʦΪļ
ڼʵûеɱΪ߸ӣӽһߣĿǰѧ˼Ҳûһ
˭ѧѧġ
ѧϰļֱӽ˻ô͵ǻǮƽˡ
ЦЦѧԺѧ죬ǽˣǸĺӡѧԺúõϽ֮㲻Ҫѧϰ½֮벻Ȼִѧ˰ˣҽô
ЩԾ⽣ǲˡ
ˣ
¼֮
ҡҡͷ֪⽣ЩޣлѧԺļȷܺ棬ҲˣѧԺŽ֣̰ͨͼļģֻһѧϰѧϰ֮ѧԺҲѼѧԺҲо
ѧԺǿطĵزȻǽˡ
ȴǸˣɾв㲻ѧԺǰɣǾоļƽļԺô֮㡣
̫޳ˣ
˰֣Ƕ££Ҿʹ㼫ѧ֣Լ컯ˡ
ɹ˹֣
ţʹŽ뿪С硣
˿ˣóĽ֮ˣǽֲС
ţֻα鲻ԸҼȻӦå㼫ǾͲκεĲ˽ҪѧᣬԺȥҲҪŪǷǣ˵ҹŪ飬ûкúý㡣
ͷȻˡ
˵åȥ֮ǲҪС档
ʱѾνһжӦ棬ʲôǼ£۷壬Ǽ˼ԼǼµĽµĿ죬µĹµʡ˵򵥣ôµĿ죬µĹԼµʣؼĵطҾԼµĿٸӣϾոҲˣҵٶʵҪʯġ
Ȼ磬Ҳ˸ոսʯս̡
ٶϣҪѹʯһͷġ
ʯʼٶȲһʮĹ٣ٶȶﵽһٰʮĹ٣ʯֳ壬ٶȴﵽһپʮĹңٶȴǸ쭵ٱĹ١
ٶϣʼѹʯһͷ
ʵҼһӦã˵һԭʵҲܼ򵥣ǾҪٶȵʱ򣬷еĹάתһеȫתΪٶȡҵĹٶȣҵķٶȣҵκһ˿Ǻ۾պϵչȫתΪٶȡ
סеתΪٶȣǹûˣٶȿʲôã
ֻٶȣûйôնɱˡ
ʱЦ˵һּµµĹҪʱҵٶȣҵķҵһʱֿתΪ˵ҵҪʱ򣬶תΪôСӣ
תô
ʱ뵽ת뵽תҪ֮ʱתҽ֮Ҫľ֮ʱתΪľ֮ҲԻתܻΪľˮ
еĵƺһ
ˡ
˵ͷԭȻô£лָ㣬Ļתһӵ£ӶȷһֺǿĵСεת˵ٶȡǷȴεģͬġֻתҪôתҾؼġȵһеôתΪٶȣתΪ
ˣ죺Ķˣ
ţˡ
϶Ĺͨܺö
ƺЩˣֲԺᰲֲҪѧϰȻԭ
Щ𾪣Щǰ˵ЩȫԺģȫһôһͶˡ
ѵԼյ߸Ӷ޶ۡ
ұֳĮţԲҵЩһϸߵˡ
ҺͽĵȽϣˣһ㣬ѧԺ֮ж֮ʡѧԺҦܵˣܶҪ˵ЩԼˡ
䲻Ĳ˲亹⻹һ㣬Ҧʲôԣ
뽣ָ㡣
ӵǫ⽣ȫȫĽ̵Щµĵ˵ǳһЩ
Ȼ붮ûôס
á
죬˿Щ֣ضԴ㲻ôеһתΪٶȻ߹ôת֮ǼľڡĻ޷ϸãҸʾһ顣
˵ţóԼĺɫ
һԶһʯʯľ룬һ߽һٱ٣һƶľ롣
˵ţӰͻȻʧ˲ֱʯȥ
ֻо۾һΣѾʯǰʯһۡ
ô
ʱѯʵҡҡͷ
ʲôôͻٶȼޣﵽٱٵľٶȡ

Ҳϻٴηأһֱʯ
Ȼǰӣȫǲһһ
ô
ʣ컹ҡҡͷ

˵ţΪʾ
һֱٸأҪѯʣȴǺȻ֡
㿴ˣ
г˾֮ɫǲ̫ˡ
Щӣ˵ʾٴΣʾΣȴǻ
ûУֻһ½ʦһʯͲܻʾˡ룬ʵ˵
ʱ˵
һΪ㶮ˣ㾹Ȼֻ
ңҴĵӣҶʾٱ飬㾹ȻûпסȥǸåô룬᲻Ҹûн㣿ҺúѧѧᣬСһ㿳ˡ޺޵Щ鲻ˬ
Σȴǿĸˡ
һǧ飬ǧ飬ǧ飬һ֮󣬽ˡ
Ҹý̵Ѿˣ㿴ǾͲˡԼúĥһ£ҵһϢһ£ⶼˣҵĸˡ˵ţֱӵһߡ
ʵ첻֪ΪĵʾЩ֪ʾ˶ٱ飬ǸŵĵӣҪĦʮ顣
ŵģҲ˶ѡ
һĿƼ򵥣ʵ漰Ķ̫ˡ
ֻԼ̫޶ۣվʯ֮ǰһԼٶȴʮĹ٣棬ڿˡ
ͻƵ񾳽磬Ӧÿ׵شﵽʮĹ٣ʩչһЩͨĻԴﵽʮĹ١
뽣ٱĹȣԶˡ
ųһʯ
ǲ
ʯֱӱ̴ٶȲûб죬ֻжʮ߱Ĺ٣ˡ
Ҳ˵ֽٶȣʵҪȫϮٶ
Ҳܺ⣬ܲһֻܵĻܻ㣬ٴǹʲôģٶȷ
ô¡
˼ʲôԭýٶȻˣǽôԼġ
벻ͨ뵽ԼһЩݿʱֱʹһݿ
һ뵽ĳֶ״̬Щɵۡ
ô׾Ͷˣ
һݿЧֻǳ˲һ죬ʹ״̬֮лת˹
ץסһЩʲôûУǾͼɡ
ɴϥʯ֮䣬ٴʹһݿ
οˣƺʹʲô׵Ľ뵽ֶ״̬
ⶼԣ
ЩԽܣⲻǿô
ǵڶݿʹ֮Ȼʹõ֡
šš
һֱʹʮһţоԼ궼Ҫ͸֧ˣҲȥ¡
Сӣɡ
˿۾һӣĳͳһʯȥֱֱĴ뵽ʯ֮С
ʱ飬ƺ뵽ʲôҶˡ
˵ţųһץ
֣˿ŶʯȫתΪ֮ע֮УǳͲˣҲʧˡ
䣡
ʯѣ
ʱ˻ԴÿٶȣٴﵽʮĹ١
ʮ屶Ĺ٣
ҲһǸͿЦٶǿ죬еһжתΪٶһⲻҵļ
ˡ
߸Ͳһ£ļΪոյһȫǽڷɡ
ûнģñ˵ٶֻʮ٣ǽٴﵽٱٶ⡣
Խˣٶȳٶƣֱӷһࡣ


1990 ҲԸ
ȴǲЩԼһֿµĽ
֮ˣΪԽΪĽӦļ֮
һӳٴγУȻ۳һʯ
ֳֳ˿һֲһĸо
ǱѾΪˣһսĹؼ
ʯע뵽֮УɫռӴĵطγһƴСĺɫУƺҪһиɵ
ն
ͺһ˲ƿգ֮γһɫߣʱĵһƹһ
꣡
⴩ʯʧ
飡
ʯһ룬һֱӻ䣬ˤ˵ϡ
ʱӰҲֳڼĿס˿ԽΪٶ̫죬ͣҪһ෴С
飡
ڵˤͷԼҲǧԶŻͷͣ
ҡҡλεվһϵһЩҳͱˡ
ԽΪԴﵽٶȣǿսĻҪƽͣת䣬ʩչֽеȵȣЩʱȴҪΪȥҲ޷ԽΪֻתΪΪ֮Уתܹؼţҵеľڡ
ԽΪԽΪ
ҪٶȺʱԽΪҪʩչеʱҪΪ
뼫񣬲ȴҲˡ
ʦոҵĽٴﵽ˶٣ѯʵ
ʮ屶Ĺ٣֮ǰʮĹ٣ѾһЩ߽ٶȡٶ̫ˣȫļٶȵ
ڻֻ׾磬ԵͬǸ߽ٶҲȫڲ֮ء
ȣҪԽΪΪ⡣
ҵĹأʡ
൱۷壬ûдﵽ񾳽硣
ǾͿˣȫֽ֮ͬڣҵĶ֡룬˵ųŽȭлʦĽ̵ѾԼļȻҸоļһûҵҲЩһԼֽҳ֮󣬻ʦ̡
һû˵ʲô
ӦƵһν̵ˣΪԼļҪй¶ȥˣЩѧԺİѼƽˣ˭֪ѹûѧļ߳һȫͬļ֮
ѧԺѧ̫𾪡
ϣĵˣɣѧԺλصԺԼһλ֮Ƿˡ
ѧԺλ񾳽ǿߣԼǿֻһͻƵ񾳽ѧԺʲô
ܿãȴߵҿ㲻ʦҵʦԴһֽˣ˵áվûѧҵļԺھСˣȥ֮Ҫ£Լ͡
˵ţСĳڣ˳ȥ
ڣɵԺӣ˿ɡ˶
̵ôˣɿЦʵ
ӲɽҲ첻ʲôϣȰ÷ɡ˵꣬һץʲôΪˣߡ
ʦҡû˵꣬ͱץŴռȥ
ܵĵǿ죬⽣ôоܻһʲô飬ɡҿ⽣ͦģѧԺʦȿɲаһǲȱĶ򡣡˵ţ߽С֮С
˿ϥţ˼ԼĽ
ܵˣվʦʧˣûļ
ɵ˵ͷѾ˵ˣûûɣǼǺһȥ䣿
ʲôʱʼ
Ҫɡ
Ұ֮ٳȥһҪһЩۣ㻹жݿ
ֻˡ
۳һ£ͲǺܸԣҲϴǽ֮´󹦣Ż㽱ЩҲѵĲˣʣ޼Ҳûжһݿݿ֮ǰʣġ
ݿһѧԺѧʹá
һһЩ㣬ҴȫһݿҪѧԺ͵Ҫʱ̫ˡ
а취͹ֻҪʱ䡣ʱ
죬ӦùˡȰݿã֮Ҷһݿˣٻ㡣롣
á۵
ɿ컹ҪҶһ˴ݿжʮţҲΪ𾪡
ǲʲô̼ǽ˵ʲôĻ첻䣬ҪݿѼݳɡ
ú֮ҽ
뿪ҲԼʣݿ죬ҸʱûҪٻ
ΪмͿʼȫĲ֮С

ס
˿Щɸֵ˵ôôһôڻѧᣬǲ⣿ڸҹС֮УúõһͲˣҵļûѧᡣ
п಻ôһʦǱ˲βһ
ץС֮УһһԽԽʲô⣬ƨͨˣʲôб˼ҵĵӡ
ЩǷϵһԣоۡ
뵽ʲôŵʦѵѧļ
Լš
ʦпһٸԪˣڶûѧὣļѵѧ˲һ£ѧˡ
ҡҡͷҲûѧҵļ
һŶô
츳Ҳô̵ʱ棬ѧ˼
￴뷨ԽԽûѧҵļƽô֪ʲô㣬֪Ŀ£ѾҪѧϰҵļˣҵݳһµĽĽ֮ԺҲڻ£أʱʸûСʱϵӥǵµ󡣡
һŵ߳ԼĽܣԲܣ
ֻо屻һȫǲ˼һ顣
֪˵˼߳϶ڽļȻôý˵ĳޡ
ӽ߸ҺúõһͲˣҾͽ̲һõĳֵĵӡҲǷ˺ݣľǸһ޹Ľ
Ὺʼ֮ǰʧˣڽС֮Уƴ

ῪʼҲˡ
һ޴Ĺ֮УһӶϵϡ
Ŀ࣬ȥ˿һŵĺɫЩϵͻܻһĻ硣
ס
ʱһ
ֻſڣѾ˽Ůͷ׷뿪˹
֮˵ͷˣҳ֮󣬵һټ㣬û뵽㶼ôˡЩھѧ˲Ͼŵı£Ҳн׵Ϊ硣֮ܿл̺һЩѪȫЩӦÿͻƵ߽ס
Ի֮Ϊ磬һ۾ܿµΪ
֮Ҳ˵Լ߽֮󣬽ͻƵ񾳽ˡҲ֪ЩǿվһͻƵ񾳽磬ٵһЩ̫ˡ񾳽ûа취ֻܰԼѪɢ䵽ںϣγһӵǿվѪĺĺ뷵ĻҲһ
ʱѾ˻֮˼洫Ҫ׵飬ǸĬˣ
֮˵ͷӵҵѪһͷޣΰѻ޵ѪȥѾ񾳽磬ӵǿվѪ߽ϣܵӵлѪĺӡҸѡңһǵʮĵӽ࣬һ̵أһð˵Ķ֮
´˿üͷ֮Ҳӵǿվ޵Ѫ
֮ЦЦʵҲеģǸ֪˺٣ĿǰΪֹǿվѪûֳȻѾͻƵ񾳽磬ѪôؼϣʵҲпܵӵлѪĺӡ
³Ĭˣ˿̳˷С
ô㲻Ը⣿֮оϵЩȶ
ףƾʲôܰҵĻ£ҺСʱͰҶ˵ھ棬ҸŲʡڵҳˣһصĵһ뷨ȻҼ޳ȥǲǾ͵һͻƵ񾳽磬޷ѪˣѵҾ㴫ѪĹߣ˵ˣҸ㣬ҲԸ⣬Լ뷨Ҳǹߣûһ죬Ҳ䵱ҵĸס
֮һɫޱȡ


1991 翪ʼ
֮޹ĵڶ棬ͬһʱڵ۷ǿߡ
Υģûмˡ
֮žǿ£䣺ûһ죬ûңܰݵھΪʦн׵ΪһжҸġһʼעˡĳԵĴõģԼ޹ȻĵλһҴġҵŮĻ¾ͱ˵㣬л޵Ѫʹ
½ҧأĿŻ֮
ĸ׾ȻôģֻǰһԴѪĹߡ
ȥú÷ʡῪʼ֮ǰͲҪˡ֮˵ţһ¾ͻصԼסȻһˡ
ҵĸ׾Ȼ˾顣¸嫵ֱǿľļ֮£һ뿪ͻᱻ֮ôҹԹԵļ޸ˡۣĺˡ
ʱôϣһ˴뿪ǿô

ʱȥת۾֮
翪ʼˡ
˴Ϊʮʯٰ磬޹Ҳӣʯλ½֮⣬һλ浽
ʮ棬֮
棬֮
ڶ棬֮
Щ֮⣬񵽳
ðˣ֮
澺ս֮
Эᣬ֮
̣֮
Ĺ֮

񹬣֮
ħ̣ħ֮
ţ
ūó׹˾ū֮
ԼѧԺ֮
֮⣬һЩ񣬺ñʡ
޹֮пٵһռ䣬һķԲС
ÿһһרλãѧԺڰ˴֮ĵھλȻѧԺ޹Ŀ֮еλá
û˴ϴǽֵ֮ķѶϣȻֻΪΪˣȴλûҪڰ˴֮ǰ
֮⣬һЩɢ޵ǰصģҲһλãֻλúͿռ޷˴Լȵġ
ѧԺߣѾˣ˿̵֮ǰʲô
죬ô
һʵ֪οǰеݿһˣݿ
ʱҲ˶䣬Ȼʱǿ͵ģûô

ЦЦɺЩЦãشʲô
ֱӵ㻹ǲҪ̫ǫˣҸо϶һ㶫Ȼôɡ
Ǻ˽ģΪ򲻳һͨͷϡ࣬һ
ЦЦȻˣҾͲˣʵαչأȡ˾޴ͻơһȫڼĽǰ޹ˣߡҸо˽һѾ޵֡ߣǰȫһԺĻͻƵ񾳽磬ҲȻһλǿߡ
ɵˣҲһ
ۣЦˣ죬ܺú˵ô˵һ־ŽͨҶš㲻ף˵Լ޵У㵱ǰ׳ôû˼û˼㲻˵ʵҲҰǿߣţҲǴˣһ֪ҲôᴵţƤҪѧԺƾеһˡ
ڨڨĬĬûдţô
ɿ˿죬һͿʼˣҲΧˣǿߣɶǴ˲ٵ˵ӣԺЩ˺ܾܿǵĵˡ⣬㳯澺ķ򿴣λ棬ǸӾǶ֮ҸոյõϢҲӵǿվѪģһھŵ̫ѪȴǸģûֳ
̫Ѫ
۳Ƕ֮ȥֻһͷ𷢣ȫƤҲǳ֮ɫкܶĵۺͽۣһ۾ܿһλսǿߡ
֮ʱ򣬶֮ҲܵĿ⡣
΢΢һ⶷֮ǿĸ֪
֮ѧԺķȾע⵽ˣʶۣЩ֡ɣʱܵĶƱŶ֮˾٣һһӡ֮Ҳû˵ʲôϾһλӻҪģҲ˱ӳʾһ£Ȼһ
ǿŶ֮꣬ɳԶͰѱӵľƸˡ
֮һĻˡ
˾ѧԺλ֮ôţǰλ˭ҸովȻϸоһɿµĵ⣿֮
涷λ֮Ҳ˽Ĳֻ֪֮࣬ǰħЫ֮Ǳ׷ɱԱһģһݷù뽣ѧԺν̣Ҳĸ֮ˣδӦֻǴʵЩ˵ӦڽŶ˽꣬潣ûҳţѵľۻҲһһؾˡ֮ǰλ˽ۣѧԺоѧ֮ǰǽ֮дʣ뵽Ĺ֮Դʱ֪ʲôֶΣȻūͷ׵ޣȻǽ֮нΪУǽ缸һ˸ưˣð˵ĲٳԱ˱ѡˣһ㣬˾˵һЩϵ֮ǰ±׹ȴ⵽µľܾ˵ţҲϴεǽһսѪ
֮ɫЩÿЩ׸ոɵ˼ˡ
ʾҲǾ档
ۣ֮ѧԺҹĿ࿴֮ţɫܲÿ

ٳǱ߿λ޹أָָոջδ䣬֮ע⵽
ֱָָˣ˭ָ˶ˡ
֮һɣѧԺĴУ֮Ȱ㲻ҪôţȻ˴زѧԺ
Цˣôҵĵ԰ҵ㣬˭Ҫ˭ӡô˵ˣ̶֪ѧԺѧԺǾ˭˭ӡǲ̵ôԼˣѧԺˡҪھͳȥսһ˭˭ӣ˭˭˵
һһӣȫûκεĿڵ£Ѳ֮˵ˡ
ħ֮ū֮ҲһľɵĵȫǲѲ֮ǲ²֮ƴô
ͼѿ֮˭Ц󻹲һ˵֮꣬Ťͷɡ
˻ɱӵּΪһսһţʤ
ʱҲأ˴źɫףЩЩȫڲģʵǳĲ񻰡
ҪǼ޸˴ˣǲʻţϡ
ôˣЦЦ
ǣ󣬼ֱˢҶԳª֪۵˵
㲻˵һûע⣬أ󡣡Ҳɷнµ˵ֲǴܴ󣬲˶ˡ
˴˿̶ǰЦͬʱۺҲǹĿ࿴
˲׵Ϊ磬ǾȻ޼ɵһ۷徳
أҲЩ˹ֻ۵£ҵģûϷ
ⲻɵһڣ˿̺޲õȥأ
Ҫˣ⣬ÿô۵ļ򣬶Ҳܿ˹Ŀأﻺ˵ʲôȻû˵ʲô
˹֣
֣ûܡ
أҧҲ޿κΡ
Ľ࣬ҽ˰ɣλǽʦ֮һͷޣǿվްʮˣʵҲڶǰԶɵ˵Ȼֲһ䣬Խ֮һٸغ֮ڣһܵѪһǧغ֮ڣһԴ塣
ǰˣһʲô
ۺҲĿɿڴʦʵ̫뺷ˣһ͵λ
ȻǱߣ֮Ҳˣ˵ʲôǿһЦϷʵޣǲ֮ȣҪ֮ǵڶһսмְգ
ʱҲ˵ڶ棬֮
ڳô֮Уܸо֮ǿĴڣǿϢľ
ɳĬƺ˵˵˶ǰЦ
ʵ˵Ҳǻ֮Ķ֣ǿһٸغ֮ڣ޷ߣɱпܡôϾǵڶ棬ֻѧԺһλƽʦҴ֮һս˭ʤ˭һԺҾȡʤĸʸǿܲɡЦЦ˵ĵʵѧԺ֮еʵ϶ġ
Ȼ񾳽磬ֶ̫ˣ֮δмܵס
Ȼ϶Ҳпĳɷ֣Ϊ֮ܺʵԶûôס
ߡ
֮һǿɣô˾ͻѿ֮ʵҲˮֺܴ


1992 Դ
ɿŻ֮ˣȴһ㶼¡
֮ǺǿǸɱô϶ҡ
ѧԺڿλ񾳽ǿߣ˭ѧԺֻܾˡ
Ҳָ֮۽ˣλôħ̵ħ֮˵һһͷǿվޣôֱӼ뵽޹Ҫڿ濪ɡҲˣһֹ޹ɣûϢĺܡʵħ֮Ҳ̫ѪΪֱ̫ϵ̫Ѫ֮磬һٸغ֮ڣҾܴ
ۺǿǱߵħ֮Ҳˡ
ⶼڼλˣ޵Ҳ̫ǿˡ
ٳǱߣ֮ɻҪܡ
ʦˣ۱ˣٽȥزȥˡʣµǶ֪ĶʶʱæڣôϣҪһ˹ƶҪ
ЩȤǾˣˣǳԶɡ˵ԶҸǽϲԵľˣȻôóԣؼǹ󰡡棬һѹɣҲͲһأǼ۸ƶҪϰҡҪǷŵѧԺûܳҲ޹Ҵҵ󣬲ֹдˣ
˵ţһѾͰɸһˣȻֻأٸϡ
Ǳ߸д˲ҵָٲһݡ
ۺЩΣҲЩɣɺĲ򵥣̺ϢʳﶼҪߡ
ʱһ£ֲҶҵĹʵȻζȷʵǺܺãһЩɬ꣬壬ȷʵֵơ֮ɢľҶҲ࣬ҾҶҪܳɣǧܿһԪܹʵ죬е˸ȲôáҲ޹ĵᰮҶңǧԪһƬֹ޹˶ľҶҴĶùֹɡ
ΧĻ˿̶۾һ
ʵô棬󲿷˶ûϲֹʲôģ֪֮ҲԾԾԣת۾Ҷҹɾͱ˷׷ɣ޹УﾭôƷ֮˴˿̶Щˡ
˵ģһҶҹҪңһٽҪһҡ
ٲƴ֣޹Ҳܲѡ
ٸϡ
ɴ죬ݵľҶҹɡ
Ĵ󣬸о֮г۾ȻϾҪһǧ
ɴˣÿݡ
˲˵ҲոյϢ
ɰ˰֣޹ŵģɶʱǵȥǵӲԡ
˶꣬һô˼ֲҶҡ
ҲЩʧ䣬һЩеĲһݣͱ֪ˣúܡ
úõһ磬һͳ˶ǰбЦǲҳӵġ
ʱ֮дһ䡣
˻ӦͿһֻӵоɫȫʥľ˹ȥ
𽣡
֮΢΢һվĵ֮ǻ֮Ҳվ
֮֮ȵȣ½վ
һ£뵽ʲôҲվʵȻö˵վ
𽣬ǿվаλеʮĴڣҲ֮Ψһһֻ𽣬ȻΪ磬ȴǵһĵӣҲǿ϶Ǵһ˼ֻĻֵôʦڣôһվӭӣɵһǿߣʵǰ֮еģû˸Ҳӡɽ͵
ڿȦһ֮֮УһŮӡ
Ůվȹ裬ٿŮӵݣ磬˼£˿˿¡
ôˣ
ʯ￴𽣬ˮֱ۾ð̹⡣
ע󡣡̲֮סѵ֪ϲɾӣܿŹ֡
˴˿Ҳע⵽㣬ǰЦ
Ż֮ʾһ£Ȼ˿ʯһͣʯ޹ʮλ棬ͷž֮
֮
ʯ߶һ£˷ܵãźã˺ܾõʯ֮еһƴ
ʯﲻ֣ʯ֮ĳţбӲѡ
ã㿴ҵ磬˰һǶкüԪûмˣҿˡ
ʯĻû˵꣬ŵĲ˵ˡ
ֻɫ䣬Χ¶ȶ½˼ʮȣ𽻷ΧΪͷˣֱ޹ɽ֮Уʧ
ϲ֮ϲ֮
˵ʮλ壬֮Ű
֮ϲ

˷׷׵أʱһʱ˵𣺡ʯ㶼ˣõöòͷо仰ô˵ţһ˷մôҼǵõʮһͻƵʱ򣬿ǸԼһѪ
ʯһǱǽ
ϴκʯһսʤʯ뵽ʯﾹȻ˿̲ɵ뱨
ʱΧˡ
ʯﱾװʲôûս֮ҲȤ֮˵أɢء
ʯʱܵˣ˿ΧˣЩ˵ϣܿͱЦýѣʵ׼ˣҿϵһ鶫ʲô
˵ţϳһʵľ塣
˻ûзӦ֮Ѿɫ΢䣺ѵǱԴ
ʯʱ˴ĴָǱԴǿ֮ıԴᾧԴо޴ͻƾ磬п̺ĴУ󡣿Ժ˵һ鱾ԴᾧֵȫһŽֲ죬ҾͰһ鱾ԴóͷôⱾԴѾ岻ҲΪʣҲڳлõ鱾Դˡڵ׸˭ŷһ㣬˭ȭͷ˭ǿö͸ù˭ôЩǣԼŰɣˣԪúȡҲлġ
ʯᵽֵԪ˷ܵĵ˵ͷ
Դ˶Ķˡ
˭ǿ˭Ϳˣڳʮλǿľ޹ʥԪ
ʯҲ̫޳ˣҶûдĵӹˣСҲģͲԼ˵ǿġ޹ʯһ޹ʥԪΪѾﵽ۷壬ڳ֮УܵС˵õıԴֵô䵽޹档Щӵ
ҲһӲѡ
Ԫλǽ֮б㱩λ
Ǵˣǽ֮Ϊͷ׵ޣ㱻ˡʵĺǿ޺һսﶼŲʮغϡ۳ǲ֪ȶܲʹޣ滹оͷ׵ţҪǾͷһϣ϶Ƕ֡
ʯĶܼ⣬˿̼æ˵ǸʵԦޣﶼСÿ᱾ԴֻʹһĶ
˵Щʯд󶨡
Ӧþû˰ɡ
޳ֱܰ޳ܵˡɶ̲סǾͲ˵һ鱾ԴԪˡ
ˣԪȥʯޱȣ޳ܾ޳ˣǱԴҪԪõˣʶͻƵ񾳽硣˱䵽棬ⱾԴ˵ĴУҪǴܴеʲôѧǸ׬ˡ
Ԫ˵ͷһɵмĳϣλѣһöԴҪˡ˭ģս
ӣȫг
֮Ŀһе֣ڳ֮Уǿ˿Եõ鱾ԴԪѾվˣʵǿģһսû˸һս鱾Դ͹Ԫˡ
˵ţ֮˿ðߣ֮λ벻ȥԣ
֮ҡҡͷǸԪĶ֣˷ʱˡ
󣬻֮澺ߡ
ʱ澺߳һӣӲ߽ΪȴսӿԪս㣡
Ԫһˣ̵֪㣬ո澺ȡһʤͷ㣬ңɣ㲻ҵĶ֡
ǽӳһ£ȻǾȻ֪Ҿһս
ս֮˵ͷ䣬ҲҪһսȥɣԪĲൽж󡣡
˵ͷһҲ뵽˳ء
˿ҲЩ˷ܣǿǱԴʱ۾ˡ
֣죬ҲⱾԴ
˵ͷöҪһ鱾Դָ߽տɴ


1993 ô
ɿ죬һû˵ʲô
ܸоչسе㶫ƺʲô˲õĶ
ǱߣѾںԪʼ׼˸óԼ
һһ
һѳļһһɫ
ȽףֻĽױԴ
ԪһĴǶɫ壬̵ֱ߳ȭס
䣡
Ԫֻһ֣ȭ׵ĿֲȻѿռ䶼ˣը
ˣʼɡ
֮ʱ򵭵ͬʱ߶˷ԲڹǻսΧ
޷뿪䣬һǲҲûа취
˵޽һˡڵΪֻ߽ףûдﵽ۷壬ҾӮ㣬Ҳеʤ֮䡣ҲֻǿΪߵӮ㣬Ϊһ鱾ԴǶԲסˡԪ˵ţһͶס˱˵죬±һ˵Ϊսʤ˵㡣
ΪǿӮҲûа취˭ñԴء
ЦˣԴȻҲҪǿһս׷ģҲ澺ľڡ֮ͬУǿߣҪսĶӮֻҪһսǾ㹻ˡⱾ壬ҪԶһöԴ
֪Լֻ߽׵ΪĿǰ۵ĴǧҲſﵽһʮѣԪĴǧѾ˶پʮѾܽӽļޣҲپʮŸ
Ϊϣһƶռ
ƾУԪĺ
֮ͬУȻһ˵˭ԵĸǿǸۣܱǿĹսҲӵĳ־á

ˣӰȻΪŵŸӰֱʩչͬĽУа˸Ӱ˷ֱȡԪҪһȴǶȻʧ
Ԫһȫ»Ϊͷʮۣһֱÿһȥ
䣡
һɳȥʱһȻ֮г֣϶һֱԪͷ
Ԫȴ׼һӭȥ
䣡
һȭ¶ϣȴֱӰ˳ȥ
ѸٺˣҳɷֺӰովٴι
ĽţֻǰĽֱӾͰԪ
Ԫֻоγһ֮УȫεĽЩʮ΢СȻ֮С
ȣ
Ԫ˿һȣһ޴̫Ӱ
𣡡
̫һֻоһеķһеĽһеʱȫˡ
ҲؿһǱʲôؿڣһѪ˳
ӲƴĻԪĶ֡ʱ򵭵˵ͨٶȣսʶȵȷ棬ʵ󣬿ΪԪΪǿһ㣬ռһЩơûʲôܾʤʽذɡ
ٶȡսʶռƣȡʤѡҲǵ
ҲģҲܿϵơ
һսʲôٶȡսʶΪҪ
ռһ㣬µǿȡʤĻᣬһ㶼ռǻǱˡ
ֻĻӮңǲˡԪ˵ţΪ൱ĻʵлģһᶼûС
ս֮ô֮Ȼʵ
ӮѣûзǾͻлᡣս֮˵š
Ҳʱٴζˡ
ӰԪȥ˿ֻоһʧԽԽ̫µѩһ
ȻӰȫʧˡ
ԭֻһѽһɫĽѽҲһʧƾʧˡ
Ԫ˿Ѿɫ΢䣬֪ˣ޽
ľѧҲ澺ľѧ֮һ
޽İһж֮ʱաˡʡ򣬵ȵȣЩȫǴ֮еһҪع֮ȥ
ȡ˻ع޵⣬ԼԼĽΪޡ
޲Ĳڣһʽڡ
ΪߵάȣߵĴʽ
ã
Ԫʲô͸оʲôըǾըһ
һ΢Ĺ㣬ǽһ㡣
һ֮˿ռ䣬˷ΪǱ߸ߵȽ׵Ĵڡ
䣡
Ǳըҫ۵Ĺâñһ
ԪȥȴǸоֱ۱һɿֲĽ˺ˡ
סˣ
ԪޱȣܸоԼ֮ץסһس
ʱϵľʯһǧĿֲ
䣡
Ԫ˳ȥĵľʯΪ˷飬ȭҲһѿ
ֱһ·˵սԵսԵǿͣ
Ҳǵɳȥ
ֱ۴˿ѾѿڸոսӴʱֱ۱Ԫȭļ̻ˣֱӾͰ˺ˡ
ۣ
һѪ˳һֻŽЩϧĿԪ
ոһǱԪסˣһɱԪ
ȻɱԪȻǲܣԪҪʱȻ˰ߣǸʱҲʹʤˡ
ֻȻʧˡ
һлûԪҪֻǻԪһȭףһЩˡ
䡣
ܸɴ࣬һǱɱһУ޷ԪҲûս֮
Ȼƴ϶ǻʩչ޽ģ֮Ϊܲס֮Ҳ
ԪҲٸʩչ޽ĻᣬԻǸɴˡ
ȥɡ
֮˻֣ͻصս֮ߡ
Ұˡ
ЩʧԸոԼһǺŵģȻǰˡ
ս֮ȴЦЦѾˣ͹ˡúŬȡ޽֮ΪֻнףԪҲĶ֡
˵ͷޣǾǳ׵Ӱˡ
ҲͲոԪǰʱҪһֱȡԪҪԪ֪﹥ġ

˭
ԪܣսܣЩûս֮
ôǿɻǰˣȥҲǶۡ
ⱾԴԪĪˡʯЦҾô޳ˣⱾԴҪ޹ˣô
ʣǸӰɣȥôȻ
ԪĶ֡ҡҡͷ㽣ţĵļĻսʤԪӦò°ɡ
ҵļ׾ܻԪΪŵƾż񾳽綼һսɼֽǿ֮

ϳ֮˻֣棬ǿľԪ鱾Դ͹Ԫˡ
ʯ˵ͷҪѱԴԪ
Ԫѣһ鱾ԴǼֵǣ޹ô۵ĲƸ鱾Դ
ɾʱһȻ
ô
С΢ȴҲشÿһ˵Ķ档
۲ͬڱˣֻоԼߣȻͿѾǰȥ졣
ҲһȻЦʯⲻҪģóһ鱾ԴŷıԼˣ㿴ѧԺѧȥˡ
ʱ˵ĿⶼѾϡ
нף
ΪȻոյҾȻͬһýġ
죬㲻Ƿ˰ɣ
̲סոΪѾǿˣ˶ˣȥôԣǲҴ㣬һᱻ˼Ҵûл֮ҲǺܶ˵İ
Ц˿ɺۣңӮǱԴҪˡ
˵֮ܣӭһֲĿ⡣
˵Ҫԡ
ε֮ǰѧԺ죬ָ̡
ѾԪ档
죬нף
ԪЦˣСǲͷ֪ܶ࣬վкܶע⵽㣬ǵ㱻ҴĿ޵ʱɱڡ
Ҳǲݸ
ѧԺ죬ָ̡
ûֻٴ˵
ãҾͳȫ㣬ʮȭ㣡
Ԫ˵ţóһµȭףһȭֻĽױԴ
ɣҸһȳֵĻᣬȻֵĻᶼûСԪ카˹֡
áȴҲسԼĽ
СӸо֮ǰˣѵĽѾСˣ𾪣֪ıȱ˶࣬Ըô죬úÿš
Ŷеĵ˵ͷ۾תˡ
Ҳʱ춯ˡ
Ľˣɳȥˣ˸ŽֱӻΪһ˿һԪ
Ԫ⣬Ǹžɫ䡣
ٶ̫ˣֻоǰһ컹Զһ뾹ȻѾĸǰٶȾԶ

Ѿ˲Щˣ־ȥֵٶ̫ˡ
ûпĽ׹ĸط͸оһʹ
ĺ󱳱һ˺ѿˡ
һ˶ɵˣĵ׷ǼʮĹ١
ˣ


1994 
ͨٶܴﵽʮĹ٣۷徳һЩͨԴﵽʮĹ٣ѾǼˡ
죬˿̾ȻʮĹ١
ٶȼֱľˣѾﵽԪٶȵ
죬ԪӦûзӦ˿һе֮Ѿ뿪Ԫ
Ԫ˿죬Щ
ȴٴζˣԪٴγ˹ٶȱ֮ǰȻй֮޲
Ԫ˿ȫע졣
ҹ
Ԫٶ̫ˣһֱԴԪס֮һѾԪıĽ漴һգһذһѾܵԪĲϡ
ôܣʲôٶ̫ˣ
ԪоĽ棬嶼ڷ
ʱֻȫһϸܵۼףЩۼָֻ׸ǴСֳϸܵں֮ɫѸٵİĲ
ĽԪĲӻȥȴǷ˼ĽĦ
ҾٱǷ棡
ɴ˿̸ߺ˵õһֻһ߷ôԪϵʲôǳ㼶ġ
֪˵ʲôá
Ԫıۼף㡣֮
ϣ˿ٱ䡣
Ԫסһ֮󣬻һȭ졣
ã
쿴һֱӻգǰһ

ĽԪһȭɹͱ˳ȥֱײ棬һѪ˳
һȭӦֵֻһûзӳȫʵ쿴ոԪתʱ򣬺ȫһȭҲֻɵѣһȭˡ
˲ǵѪ䡣

˵ţٴζˡ
ֻֻ֮һӰˣڵǺѽںϵһ顣
һ⻮ԪֻоԼε
һֱȡüģҪǱһУ԰Դ
ȥĳޱȣתֱȡʺȥʱһֳ۾
ԼٶȣȻȫѹƵԪ޷
ã
˿̶̲סƣȥֻҪԪһεֵסͱذɣҽ̳ĵӣѾҵļȫˡ
˴˿̶ЩȵĿŽ̳ĵӣ۸ǲǲǣļô
ȻٶҲܿ죬ʩչ˼һ뽣ļ¡
ɴ˿̽ⳡսҲ¶˺Цݣֻн׵Ϊٶȡսʶ棬ٶȺսʶҪǿԪٶȣڶֵٶʵ̫ˡΪ൱ĻٶȲ࣬ԪһжӲ¡
ʱ˲Ծؿ˿
˵ͻƵ񾳽磬ôֻͬбѹķݡ
ͻƣʵ죬еԭȴǺ֪
䣿
쿴ԪĳζԪüģеĶ˺ԪƤԪҿƲסԼٶȣҪǲĻϽ䡣ҵٶ̫ˣƾԼٶȣѾڲ֮ء
˵ţٶƺˡ
Ԫ˿ɫоԼľҪ͸֧ˣ콣λãͺķ̫
䣡
ţһ뵽Ԫʺ
ԪʱٴսˣȻֳԪüĴ̹
ѧԺҪһλǿˡս֮ţ˽ôȻһڼǿ󽣵Ȼֽ죬ǵԺ֮󣬷ڻ¡
úÿǸѧϰһµ죬Щҵ״ӣٵҲѧϰһԪѧʲôô̳ȺɷˡԱߵĽȴƢ
ԼԩõҲǼǸԼλʦѧô

һ뵽ԪüģԪֻо궼һˡ
ԪҧݣһȭͳȥһȭȫɾʱһֲͻȻ֡
ɡ
֮ĮոԪһȭܻ죬һҲꡣĻӦˡ
ԪĬɫĿ¡
Ȼһн׵ѧԺѧˣֱܴ衣
֮һЩĿ죺ܺãСС;ǿĽԺǰ;ǱԴˡ
˵ţԴ˹ȥ
켤ޱȣֻоһжֵˡ
һץԴε߬ģѾޱĿ졣
ˣҲǸ˼
֮ʱ룬ֵ޹ʮλ棬ѧ죬Ը޹ʱҿһΪӡ
˶һʲôȻѧԺǽǡ
̲סЦˣ֮ѧԺģ㿴˿ȼǿ󽣵ԺзǱժӣе̫ˡ˵ˣ壬̫ˡ
ֱӲջ֮ⲻɹġ
һ͸оˣ֮ԵĶѧԺЩ⣬ȻˣҲͻ֮
ίȫⲻѧԺ׼
ôֻǶһѡѡ֮ЦЦ
л֮⣬ѧԺѧϰͦãѧԺܽҵĶ޹Ҳ̲ˡԺһֱҶѧԺѧԶ뿪ѧԺһĴѧԺҵˣҲѡѧԺν̡ն˵
ܾ֮Ԥ֮С
˲֮ӣȴ˶ЩȻ
ţܺá֮λʲô飬ҿ˵˴ҵŮףô˻ᣬ˭׵Ķվɡ
һ⣬ЩŵĿ֮
סȾ䡣ɶ۵
Ҳʱ򣬲֮һվ˳ЦǺǵ˵֮Ů·绪̵أĽѾã֮Ȼ˵ˣҾʹ֮ס
أʱҲվ֮
˵ţ¶ǿվ޵ѪϢǾҵѪ
֮˵ͷأֻһţӦþͻƵ񾳽˰ɣǸţҵŮ
⻰أЩ
ǵƸ񡣡
˵ţ֮һӣȥһռָҲ֪ʲô
֮˹ȥ˿Ķɫ˿ı仯һؿǵģ֪ûˣ
ʱ򣬽֮ЦǺǵ磬ҵӽ÷С޲£µĸ޹˾֪ҪˣǼ޸϶ʲҲףȫǰɣϾ¶ǿųģҲ֪֪ס
˿Щվ˳ڶȫ
֮˿ࣺʮұչˣ϶ҪΪӣֲ㡣һôȥû뵽඼񾳽磬񾳽ҲԶˣܺúһ£ԺͺˣңеĵӶҲ
֮ڨڨ׻֮˼
֮Ǹúӣ÷ȷʵǸѡ񡣡
ЩϿԼô
֮ҲЦЦ磬ȻԼˣǼȻףҪƸģ׼һЩ
˵ţͬһռָ˻֮
֮ӹֻǼ򵥵һۣ˶֮
˴˿Ҳ˶֮Ҳ֪˶֮Ҫ׵飬ǲǸλˡ
֮ڨڨվЩͼ£һģ֮ܰ¼޸ңҵƸ񡣡
˵ţһռָ˻֮
֮Ѿ񾳽ǿߣû˴ף˿Լס
֮˵ͷѾ񾳽磬Ҫܼ޸㣬붨Ȼί
ߣûбʾʲôܾʹӦ׽֪֮ʲô⡣
ʱԽĽˣʱɴ֮ѧԺܲѺãھǴףҲϣȷҪôô
ۼᶨص˵ͷҪҲʹ죬鷳ʦˡ
ΣֻվЦЦȻǰѾˣټһҲʲôɣ
˿ɣ֪Ҫʲô
ɣҲȢ£Щɻ
ôɺ⽣ǻ룬ЦеĿŻ֮ҪѧԺλͬѧףͬѧѧԺ죬ƷóвѧƺţвɳƺţѧԦ޴ھȳƺţһλƷѧŵѧͬʱĵϲ£Ϊ£ԼţҲϲ۵ģϣܹ֮ȫˡ
˵УϣۺиõĽ
ֻǣ֮Ѿޱȡ


1995 ̫
˳ǰ
Ż֮ϥ¹ϵҺమȫ
˴˿̶ۣʮ־ʡ
ѧԺǸֻۣ׵ΪҲ̫һ㡣Ѿнףôܿ
ǰʲôమҿ˾Ȣ£Ժ˻֮ĴȣĿġ
һҹ֦֮ͷˣ֡
ȡ裬Сˡ

Χ˳Цɫѿ
֮ǲãۣҵŮܼ޸һһѪͱˡǰŮʲôϵԺûκεĹϵҪٳŮ磬ȻҲԴСŮһЩ·ϵϰ
۶ʱһؽҧ
ܾ֮û뵽ֱܾӣ˵Ĳ顣
ڻ֮棬ȻֻһѪ
Ȼֻ·ϵϰ
ҪºԼ֮йϵ׵ĸϣ
˵İԵԼκεĻᣬ棬Լһͷβѡ
Ҳǣ
Ż֮˷
һ̣͹ȫĵһͷֱ񷣬Ҫ˺ա
ţҹ£֮ʱҲŭˣŭȵ˵ǣǣҶײңΪЦɡ
һŭȣ޴ѹۡ
۶ʱֻоϱһһ岻ԾؾҪȥһ̵ô

ţеת
ȴ֧Ųס壬һ˲ըһѪҲ׷ױѡ
˲һѪˣ۾˺ɫѪҺ
ˣ̫ʱվĵػˮķ۹ĸ޴һ
ɫĻ𣬻ɫĵأɫˮɫķ磬ۺϵһ飬γһʿռ䣬۸С
֮ѹʿռ޷ʩӵ۵ϡ
ʱ׷ײĿ
ػˮֺֻܻķ򣬿ɾȻַںϵһ飬γһǿķ
ʷ
ֲɸ˵һٸغ֮һܵѪһǧغ֮һԴҵ塣֮ţɵĻַɣ϶ʵ
һ֮ǰ·ʱ򣬸ûжġɫܲÿҲӼɵˡ
ɲⱩ¶Լʵʱֱӻ֮սӿһ˵ĵڶ棬۸ѧԺһֻѧѧԺս
֮ܵɵսЩ⣬漴ȵ֮עԴǣֻǽѵѧԺһ֪ߵغѧѡѧԺҪ˿սֻȡУ޹Ҫս߲
ڻ֮۲ѧԺһͨѧԼѵ˾ͽѵˡ
ѧԺΪ˴֣ôҲҪˡ
ϵս⣬Ǹ٣Ҫһս
ѧԺѧҲֻѧԺܽѵֲ֡⣬ոвô߲еӿԣ˵ţЦҿ㱣֤Ҫ߲޹ҲҪһᣬ컹Ҫᡣ
֮ѿھǴ
̫ˣֱ̫ˡ֮ţͬޱȡ
ԼڳĲҲǱŵˡ
֮вɣɲ£в˻֮
ǿţҪǱ޹ͻмλһ
ںܿ񣬼ֱûˡ
ʱ֮Ц𣺡ѧԺһֱ˵ѣѧԺѧСȻ޹ʥŮֻһСìܶѣûбҪֵĲɿ磬֮Ҳûб˼ȥ֮Ҷ˾ҪɱۣȻʵֻһѾһʬˡ
棬֮
е˺У˵һһصҺۡ
Դˮ
Ѿϳˣʧ
Դ֮ﶼصãñԴ֮пٳһ磬ҲһЩ㼶ķԴˮ޸壬õ޸
ۻûзӦһԴˮѾ뵽֮Уһ˲תȫ
ۿɼģʼѸٻָЩѿƤѸٵľۺǱѵѪܣҲٵ۵һ飬ЩԴˮĹˣʹĹԣЩԴˮ뵽Ĺ֮УʹĹԴ
˴˿̶ĽĿۣԴˮ壬Ժ۵õ
ãһԴˮɱһԴмֵܻ֮γɣԴֲ׷ֽԴ֮µ࣬ռҵԴԴˮԴľ׷ֽģȴǴѾ뵽֮УѾʧĲˡţ֪ҲղҲٵĿ
ںһԴˮ֮ȫָˡ
ʱҲٷΪ۲ƽۣѧԺѧڣ˰ѡһ£棬˭˰һͨ磿ۻͨԦޣȻ磬ȴԦʹ׵ޣ˭ܱȵģͨȻû߳Լĵǵĵ֮ͬУѾǰСң۱κ˶ڷܣҾһ£һţôǷˣôѪˣô·ϵϰˣ
һ̣˶סˡ
˰ףҲ̫ˡ
ͨԦޣ飬Ԧʹ׵ޣܲ򵥰
ţ޹ôʥ֮Уڰ˰ģҲʮ˰ɡ

˿۵Ŀⲻһˣ֮ǰһСڻȡ裬ȴǸо
ȻڻԺ˭ܱ֤޷Ϊ񣬳Ϊ
ۣԲҲԲʲô󡡣
ɿŻ֮ɫܲÿȴЩת۵ۣҪһЩڳЦģģ۸ˣֻҪɱ㣬ֻʹøǿܵĳͲսһҲһַʽ
ۻеĵ˵ͷʦҼˡ
ϸƷЩЩ
ˣɡ
֮ЦЦѾûٿʲôˡ
һֵıʣˣѾڳ洫Ϣˡ


1996 ̹

棬ѧԺΪһ۵ѧ˹ϵѡ֮Ͻָڶ棬һսʵһʱҲϢ˻ȥ
ǿյĹ֮Уϵ淭˸ϵô֮Ǳչ̫ˣûʶѧԺҲ֣޹⼸λԴޱȣܾ˾µһˡˣǾͿϷˣҪעһѧԺ˵ĹϵܸоѧԺıǵǼλ֮һ
Ǽλ֮һôܣ뵽ʲôɫ䡣

޹ʮλ棬ģҵһϵĴ֮һʵǿĿ¡ɾˣѧԺȻҺ˾ѣɼѧԺиǿߴڡĳΰĴš

ǿʮλ֮սλ齨ˣ䣬ѧԺĻ˭ĳţ֡
һս֮ʧˡ
ʧʧصĻ

ݲݽ˻ص˰ŵסеѾ뿪
֮˿ۣοЩҪѾŬˣ֪ĻҪһǾһ
£ûг֣
ʱЩĵʦȻǸ¶飬ûеҵǳʲô顣֪ûʲô취ȥһ£Щ뵱˵
üʱҲǾЩ
½ȷûг֣ܲ
£֮϶ͬ⡣ҡͷȵһ£ҳȥһ¹µľ˵
ллʦ۸м
ʮ֮ɾͻˡ
ô죿۶Щ⣬쿴ɵɫ¿϶ǳʲô顣
޹˵ڱչȥһµסʵǱ֮ˡɵɫЩ£֮治һ⣬չ˲֪ٸԪصĵһ龹ȻŮۣĵǶԵģµܲ֮ȷ˺ʵѡҲҪ¸޳ȥԭӦþǿЦĻѪ
Ȼɫ԰ס
ʦ۰ɡʱ򿪿ڵ¶иģ˱ɢԺǻʹһӵġ
ʱ۵ͨѶ
Сȡ
Сȡ۰˽СȵȫϢӰͳǰ
ʦҲڰСȿɣ
Сȣʲô飿۵
磬ոѾ֪ʦ顣̹׵ģҶԲ㡣Сһڵӣۿڣʵʦܾ㣬ҺͨõģҪʱ̫Ͻ˼ȡǾһȻˡ
ˣЦˣɫЩ¡
˼ɣȷʵ仯ܴǽ֮лĪǶû뵽֮أϼһ̫ˣȻǿʦ޸Լϲˡʦ㶼ˣ˸ۡ
Сȣ̫ЦˣþȻƭң㻹ô쵰
硭СŻˣϵسˣûм
㺦ˡҧ
磬ҴˡСȶҪˣתͿɣʦһа취ҸĶ԰ɣֻҪԸҸ磬ԺһԹú
һͷʲô취
ȥ֮һŹ
ϺţҪͻ֮սһƵģʵ֪֮˼ӣôܶ֡
Ҫ£û֮ʧȥѪеϣԷ϶ᷢﻹ˵
磬ȥʦʦ㼸һִģʦ㱻Ƽ˵ġСʱֵԼʦµĸ飬ǾҪ֮¡
ھôǵпܡ֮δذµŮǵھѻ֮һǰµŮ롣
СʱҪȥȴסʱȱţͻȻ뵽һˡǼ£δؼ
˭
ʣ
˵һ֣ʣȻʵ档һͬһʱˣҲǵʮλ֮һ汾ʵҪڻ֮֮ϡ⣬кҪһ㣬ıҶɽ񹬵֮⣬ǿҶε汾ԴӦԸ֣뵽µĸۡҴӦö⡣
ģۼѣ͵͵£ǿ϶ò
ʮа˾ţҿ֮Ľƣһ뿪ͻᱻֶ֪֪Σ²ѡɿ϶
ȥʡ
ȥЦˣʲôʵʲôݣȥʣܴӦ㣿ȥɣʲòӦɡСȣҲʦ𣬵ҰźһУٹȥĻҲԷɢ֮עʱҪ£վ͸ˡ
ţ֪ˡСҲܼת

ʵס
ʲû뿪ոչͨ棬Ѵ˴Ϸ齲һ顣
ʣҪæ
֮
ˣЩ⡣
֪֮ʲôܹЧ͵ģ֮ʮִ󵨵֮ʻǺġ
ϣȥµĸۡҲϻֱӿżɽ
֪֮µ飬ӦǱ֮ˣҴ뿪֪ôĺôȻ֮ͲưոݣɲһôǿĵˡΣ¾ͱ֮ĸ֪лѵĴ̫޴󣬶ҳԳ֣ȻûʱŵˣֱӾǿڻؾ
ʲôЦɵ˲ŻӦ
ıʵҪǿ֮ε֮ĸ֪²ѡ֪ôΪѣ˳׵޹ֻҪӦ£ҿԸ嵱Χɱһ˭ɵ岻һֱ׷ôֻҪץסˣӦþ֪ܵࡣ
ʲô֪Χɱ˭ɫ䣬û뵽ɻῪ
ֻ֮һΪһˡûɣ˵ģʵǽ֮УѧԺ׵õһЩ䴫Сɵ
Եһ£Ҫ档˵Ļ䣬һӰǰ档


1997 ѻ֮
һȻûпεġ
ûпռ䲨ûûκεϢ
Ȼǵʮλ֮һδжǿڲôΪˡ
֪֮Χɱ˭濴֮ƣһɿµϢ
棬ģȴʳһ⡣
ֻһѡ浭
ɵ˵ͷŶôȻҲǿ̫ˣҵҲ֪ˣֻҪԸ½ȳҾ͸ǵΧɱһ˭
ãҴӦ㡣
漸ûκεԥʹӦɡ
棬Ļǻ֮
֮㵱һ٣Ȼ޹ʮһλҶЦչֳǿţں濴ҵһСޣڶŵڶˣ˼ĺܡ
ס澹Ȼ˿֮
˵ţгһƬɫҶӣƬҶӻطɵУһƬҶµĹС޵ĸ֪
ʵ˵ͷʱҲҵ飬ͻȥ۹
Сȣھȥϵʦȥһ֮顣
ǣʦ
СӦһ뿪ˡ
ۣ
ɴۣӰһʵסʣ۾ͽˣȥ£ʱֻҪͬ뿪ʹֱ뿪޹һפ棬Ӧǡ
ʵ˵ͷ˿ۣһˣɡ
ɫҶȻγһС˰У˲͸Ӧۺˡ
۳һ񣬺Ǹж
Ϊֱɳ̾һζ۷һѡ

ھ棬ѻ֮
ǿվѻ˵еĽΪƣѻްʮ̫ˡ
ѻ̫ǿվޣƿصĻ֮Լӵ̫ѪҲ԰Ϊʦ
Ȼһԭ֮Ѿû̫ˣѻ֮ѾһΨһ档
ʦ;Ⱦʦ㣬ʦ̫ˣǻҲӵĻôܾ޸һԼϲˣʦῪĵġʦĸȥ磬ǰĸףʱûܾˡС˵ţ
ѻ֮ԼλϣһΡ
ĻѾӲˣ˭֪СȾȻԼ½ȳ
˵ĲǸúӣһִġ˵ʵҲ뿴Ĳġǻ֮˵һ֮⣬˭Υѻֻ֮̾ǵھ棬ʵĻԶڶ档
޹֮У֮ҲһƬгҪΪ³ͷȻڶ棬Ժ޹ĴҲܲ
ڵڶأ޹Դ·䣬ƱػӰ쵽һ
ʦҲ棬ڶҲҰôġ
ǲҰôֻǵʱ۵ǡ֮֮ͽӹ޹ѾʼλһԴˣҪΪ³ͷһԴ϶ҲᱻһĸʱһܵӰ졣ǲ֣¶Ķ飬ҲһԴѻ֮̾ûпԡ
ΪһԴҪʦ㣿Сסû뵽ΪֲʦıƢȻ̵ڡ
ҲԼĿԡѻ֮СȣСȻʮϲġ
ʦһûΪ˭ƴСȺȻ
ҡ
ѻ֮˵ˣһ񾳽磬ǱȽ˳Ҫ˵Ϊ˭ƴûС
ͻĴսڣΣǰļλ̫ࡣ
ʦǵһʲô飬ҪԼģΥԼģǾԺγħѧԺʦ̵ľʲô飬Ҫһʦʦ㲻ܣʦǲ
СԻѻ֮ȴȻ塣
Сȣ
ѻ֮ɫѿ
ʦ
СЦˣڲȥʦ㣬ʦ㲻ܵĻԺһڡ
ѾͷֱǷˣȻҿʦıġѻ֮ȼܵĻ棬նճһѷ죬ǰСȴЦţԽЦԽãһ̵СȻָħŮɫ
ħŮǹԹŮ


1998 Ů
ʦʦҪ㡣Сȼʦ㶼ˣܱӻһӣЦˣʲôԴʲôΪһǵ˶ѡʵʵԭֻһ˻֮ҵ鷳
ѻ֮ˡ
˻֮ôȷʵ
֮ǵڶ棬أֻǵھ档
޹ǣʵԽǰҲԽǰͻ֮ϲλ֮ࡣ
ʦ˵Ϊһĵǣʹô˵ˣҵЩʦʦ㣬ͬôûһ˻ʦ㲻ܵģΪ޹Щ꣬Ѿʦãܡǲῴʦ㱻ż޸Լϲˡʦ֪Ϊʲôϲ޹ôΪʲôľѧѧԺľѧ޹ĶࡣΪܴõʲôѧԺƷʦλ֮࣬ԯʦƸ߽㼶Ϊʲô֪ô
Сһ̣ܷ
һֱеĻôʲô˵ģ˵ɡѻ֮Сȣûֹ
˵ģԭܼ򵥣ΪҸܵʲôǼңѧԺҡȻѧԺѧ֮ǰҲڻѧϰֻͬѧǺܺõͬѧܳΪҡϲʦֵۣԳİֱ͸ҡҵ˵ĵӣʦֿΪҳݺݵؽѵԷһ١ϼĴϺʦԲԶҴĺܸжʦʦǰҵһ֪ȻϴһЩѧԺ飬ҲҲûбȹҡҸĸţҺãҵĸһԺѧԺȥʱһǼôãֻϣܶһѰС˵ţ¡
ûжκ˵Щ飬ǽޱ˵˳
֪Դ֮޷޹ˡ
ʦİĸףʦʦȻﲻ˵֪ǾôΪġСȲ˲ᡣ
Сȡѻ֮̾һСȵԴ
һ̣Ҳжѡ
ʦ
˵ˣµ飬ȥ
ѻ֮Ȼվ˵ڶĹɫ䣺ҴŮ˶ҵ˼̫

֮Ĺڻ֮ǰռָ
һǽ֮Ϊ׼Ƹһһǽ֮Ѫһһн㼶һһ鱾Դ֮
ֵֶơ
ǽ֮ѪܷôѪԽ֮˶ǲС
Ϊ˽൹ãѪ̫ͣ½ϵĻԶأͶ֮˵ţ֮ͰһöռָĶҲֺ
࣬ûϷ
Ƕ֮Ƹ澹ȻֻһһЭҲܼ򵥣Ժ˺ӣչֳ˻޵Ѫͽ֮
Эͻ֮˼
ֻ֮һЭûбƸ񣬻ЩáȻҲ⣬֮Ѿ񾳽磬ĴҲôϡο˲֮ͬõеϣã
֮ҲӢˣڵʵѾȫҪ̫ѪĻѪ׼ڵĻѪ֮ʵ̫ߣҪҲȽѣһӵĿԶҺͽࡣһӣһж̸֮ţǰѶ֮ŵ˿ǷΧ֮ڡ
أġ
أӵоѪǿվае壬ڻޡ
һǿվ޽ϣӴʻָĸ˫Ѫϸߵһ
⣬֮УֲͬѪ̼ų⣬ҲеѪֳ֮־ΪĸһѪ̫¶֮ӵ̫ѪҲ޷ֳ
Ƹ񡭡֮Ȼס˾ҵƸǾȻһƪʧѾõǿվѪԴ˷ǿվ޻ãҳֳĸ˫ߵȽһѪΪ˷ֹ֮õطȴ¼޸أطʵҲֻһ֣֮Ǻε۹⣬һ۾Ϳطģ̫ˣأҪֶΣһԺӵлѪǿվáһһ֮ҲֻʣһˣܶϾ˴Сأܺã
ϳϲ֮ɫѾȷѡ
أʵѡҪ󣬲Ҳ޹
ôԣֻǴԼѡ֮ţ޷޹̽ˣԼȻû⣬ԺĻҪأ뵽ҵ£һˡأǿվޣֻ˷츳

棬ھãһŮ͵
֪ˡ֮˰֣ѾպƸ񣬡ھ棿ʲôΪµ飬ǹ޴ġ
˵ţ֮˹ȥ
ڹ֮ڣһͷŮѾˡ
ѻʲô֮üֻѻЩԾ
ʲôѻЦˣҪǲǲǾͰ¸޳ȥˣҰô㵹Ǻãһؾ¼޳ȥʹô
ҵŮҰĻ쾭壬㣬ʦѡ޹ڲԴĵ㲻飬ҿԲһԴҿԸһɡ㹻˰ɣôĵԴҲһɵԴ֮Щͷû뵽ѻ֮Ȼ鷳
ڴϣȷʵǷ˻ѻ顣
Դ˳㹻ˡ
磬ĿǺáô꣬иģοһˡôͰŮǻһ޳ȥҵĶڵѪʲôԴҲϡֻҪ¡ģ޸˭ұзȨ죬Ҿ﷢ˣûҵͬ⣬˭Ұ¼޳ȥ˭ҵĵˣ˭Ȣ£Ҳһѻ֮˵УҰ·ųҵŮɲѺ
Ů֮ŭɫ
ҷҪȥȥѻ֮һȫȼ棬һ˲ﶼֻ֡
ǡ
˾ޱȣǿ˵ڶĹһֻ޴ѻӰ֮ȶųҪƬ涼һ
޹ڲռ䣬һѷ졣
Ҫ¡
֮üͷ⶯뾪ôȻѻ̲סˡ

ۣڡ
Ҳע⵽һĻɵĴֱۣµĹȥ


1999 뿪
µĹһĸۡ
֮ۡУһߡ
վмСϣųιȺ
Ǳһ棬Һγһ⸮ۡǴһĳѡĺ뿪ȥۣҺúڵûдӦۣҾǽ챻ץҲʲôźˡţŸۡĽƣѾ뿪˼Σÿһζ֮˻
¶
ʱһϤ
ҡҡͷȻܶλܽ뿪֪ǲܵġ۲Ϊ뵽Ĺ˵뿪ˡ
ô
ҡҡͷȴǻĻعͷʱסˡ
СŵһߣĿ
ԶҲЩȻҲŰ飬ǲò˵ֶĴڡȥһʲôǰ飬ֻǶ̫ݳˡҵһ׸壬ҵĴھΪȥҵʹѾûʸȥʲôǰˡôףǰɣϣܹþãԶһ𡣡
ˣѡԼף
ң¶
۵ЩʣСѾˣ㵱ܾҲĲϲңΪұøǿøá¶㺦Һÿ֪࣬Ǵ֮ÿôôÿ쿴ͨѶ¼ѾΪɫ֣ÿ췭¼ȴûȥϵ㣬ȥ㡭
ң
۵Ļû˵꣬͸оԼºݺݵرסˡ
ǧ飬˿ѾҪ˵ʲô
˫Ҳرס£һƺ㣬˵㡣һҲֻֿԶһ𣬾һֱһȥ
ǰ顣
ң
µһ£Ȼԥľȥ
ʱţƺ׺ɣѹҲǾĿһĻ̫ˣǰħôֲ浽ÿŻ֣֮ΪǸֿѾ뵽֮С̫ˣҲа飬ŻôѡܲΪ˲ϧԼһС
֪ȥ˶ãͣˣƵˣۺ²Ųķֿ
¶Ҵߣ뿪޹뿪ˣȥѧԺԺҵӡ֮ҾͺǼǽ飬ԶһԺ˭Ҳ޷ֿǡ˵ţѾ¶˾ģҪµдԼҵĻڱϣܿЦ뷨ȴ¸жĪΪ֪۳Ǹʱ֤һ֤ǵõ˵ϵĺϷޣǱϿɵġ
Ҳǵİ鱻˳ϣϿɡ
ãҵġ¿Ľƣ뿪ô
ʱ˹㲻õģ֪ĽҲ֪Ĵ뿪ʦѻ֮Ѿͻ֮ˣ֮ڸûоȥע㡣ڵ뿪֮㵽ѧԺѧԺԺԱӻ㣬֮ûǸʵѧԺץȥ
ԺһԱǡۿ϶ޱȵ˵ǳġ
ţţµ˵ͷۣ뿪һҲҪȥ˵ӡʲôʲôѪʲôʲôеһУҶԷֻҪܺһҿʲôҪˣҲҪĸǿҪȥðգҪ뿪ңһһʱ䡣
ɵϣԶ뿪㡣˵֮ǻҪģиҪĸ֤ѡǴģҲעˡ۱£µЩߺ졣
ŲҸסºȻûĸףһΪԼѪܹȫԲֶεĸס䵱ҵĸףԶ䡣ҵĸ׵ϹۣܿΪҵĸײֵ
۵˵ͷҲס
˵ȷ䵱һס
ĸ׻˺ϲĸףĸ׻֮ȴδϲĸףֻΪĸѪ⣬Ƚѣ֮ľҪһ˸ѪЩҲ˵ģ˵ģ²޹ʮһλ˵㸸׵޳̶ܳȽЦЦ
¹ĸ׵飬֪Ĳࡣ
ô˵Щ뵽һЩ֮е飬аɡ
ˣǸϽ߰ɡȻ֮ǽˣʶֲ㣬϶Ҳ֪㱻˾ˡ˵ţɫҶסˣһɫҶסˣ֪ʲôǺȻһѪҲѹס֮ĸ֪
Ͼķſǵʮλ֮һ
֮Ǻ󱲡
ַŵҲ͵ʮ˲ӵУʮλǿߡ
ѧԺʲôĴۣȻְæ
ȵһ¡
ۿžҪ˹ȴǿ˵һȥȡ㶫Ͼͻ
ʺΣڻҪȥȡߵĶһҪ
ǵûʱ΢΢һǵ꼻⻨Ҫ˰ɣ֮еĵ꼻Ѿ࣬˵Ҳ˲ٵĵ꼻ĵطĿǰеĵ꼻һ꣬ʮ壬ǱһղأҲûмΡ
µ˵ͷЩҸҵģҲһҺСȴͨݺݵؾܾ֮ҾͰѵ꼻ĵ꼻Ҫˣǿ⻨ɰƯ
ǺƯ˵ţʱǱǻĵ꼻ضǻڳ澧ӨĻҲһ¶˳
꼻ʾоΧڳŵ꼻ۣ̫ˣ˵꼻ҪŵĻ϶Ҫ꣬ɾڴ˿̣ƺӦֿ֮飬ȻԶˡֲ˵꼻ǰ飬꼻ŵʱ̣ܺܶȴޱȵ̻ǣȴгΪ㡣
ۺĬĬͷӽס˶Է˫֡
Ϣ뿪˹

߰ɡ
ɿۺ³ǵǱ߻ѻ֮Ҫͻ֮ˣʱ䣬ǸϽ뿪
¿˿֮ǵӰЩж
ʱʦվ˳ʦлл
¶ߡ
˵ţ뿪
ͷޱٻȻѧԺɱȥ
ǿ֮УѻУµķ򣬲ƺ¶Ļ֮ջĿ⡣

ѻ㲻Ҫȡ֣ȻҲ֮ŭȵվ֮УֲγһƺƬضޱȺ嫣ƺһЩ綼ͬʱľƺϵһֻҪԶһ
ֻҪΪֻһҸ㣬䲻ҵŮʤҵŮҹܶˡ˭۸Ҿͺ˭ȥ˵֮ǴҲһĹŮ㵹ǺãֱӸߣƾʲô䵱µĸô׻ôģ㵱һ㲻֪Ѿ׻ˣ۸Ůô޳ܵġѻ֮ߵ
׻˵֣֮ʱɫѿ
ѻ׻˵ҲܱʹǱɱģô˵ʲô˼ô㻳Һ׻ˣ֮ϳ΢ɲɱ⣬ȴѻ֮Ĳ׽ˡ
ѻ֮һû뵽֮Ȼɱ⡣
ΪʲôҪɱ⣬ܿˡ
ѵѻ֮ɫ࣬׻˿ãԺ˵ͻƵ񾳽Ļᶼ׻˸ģ׻˵ĺͻ֮йأһҪΪ׻ֻعһ֤ݶûУһҲֻǲ²⡣
ȵȣô£֮µĹʱɺͻѻ֮Ǵá
ߣ֮Ӧˡʱǡƣ֮ϲ˽ƣֻҪһ뿪޹ķΧͻᱻ֪һﻹǻ쵰Ϊ˱ԼŮˣֶζõĳǿŮȻԼŮ϶ýơ
ºҲɫ䣬¸һĲ԰ס
ʦô죿ҲǼˣǲǸո뿪޹ķΧǻ˵Ľ뿪һ飬ǲͣŲƣҲҪʮʱ䡣

ô죬ߣֻҪص˵Ľ򣬲ֻҪصɽԺܱǡߣһҲҪ飬취ס֮Ϊ㣬ҿɶҪƴˡ˵ţ˺˿ռ䣬ۺһΣȻȻȻ۷˻ȥȥס֮Ȼº۾޷뿪

ÿ
֮˿Ѿ֪뿪ˣŭȵѻҪҶ㶯ˡ㲻ҵĶ֣ɱ㶼¡
Χ۵ˣ˿Ҳɫ塣
Ҫ°
ãˡѻ֮Į˵š
㵽ҪʲôΪУ֮ѾڼԼˣͶˡ
ߣѻ֮ʱǸˣǻȻѾԼѡ͸ѡ񡣡
ѡ񣬾ѧԺǿЦĽһ޹ʥŮһ񣬻һ֮Ůѡôһˣ֮˵ţһץץһĲÿôܺãĺܺã
˵ţɳֱŻѻȥ
ѻѻ֮ɱ˻ѻ֮ô
ౣ
ѻ֮з˼ĽֱӾֳ˱塣
֪ԼʵֳĻס֮һϣûС

֮ȵͳŻѻ֮ƹȥ
ౣ
ѻ֮ţȴǻΪĻ棬Ƭա
Ҳʧȥ˻ѻ֮Ŀꡣ
ǲ֮СҲӵģԲ֮գȻѻܱ֮ȡ
ߣڤ粻飡
֮ŭѣ֮вϵشҪƬռ䶼
ѻ֮ҲܵЩµķţϽ뿪ɣʦΪѾˣƴʦҲΪס֮ʮ졣
֮üͷѻʲô
ɾʱ򣬻ѻЦˣҴһʼ֪ԼĶ֣Ҹ㽻ֻ֣Ҫ㣬ȥ׽µ˵ȻͰȫˡԣԲסˣҪôɱңҪô͸ɡѻռ䣬Դ֮𣬷
˵ţֻΪĻȻŻ֮Χ˹ȥѻ֮ŵİ
ȼգȼµɫ
еĻ֮ǻ棬ޱȡ
Դ֮𣬺ųƿԷһеĻ棬ֻռ֮УҲ޷ȥ
Դ֮ɲôʩչģǻѻȼγɵĿ»档
ȼȻʹ֣һ˸ܲס
ѻǷˣ嶼ҪȼգȼյĻ֪ʲôô˵ȼʹж£ȼյ϶Ҫ˵ռסң뿪Բʲô¡ȫƾԼռ䡣֮ŭȵ
ǣȼʹȼոʮ죬һ֧ŵסġʮ죬Ѿ뿪ˡܻռ䣬ҳ˵ĲһôƬռҵٵƬռ䣬ʱҵҲᱻٵʱҲɱôµأһ嶼ֵܽãֵܽ໥ƣڶǲɱΥǸΥҲҪɱѻ֮˵ţѾƻһ
֮ɱͨȼķס֮ʮ죬ֱ뿪
Ϊ£Ѿͻ֮˺
ֵô
˿һĻҪһ䣬ǻѻ֮Ϊһһô
Ҳ˵ĻشǷ񶨵ģǻѻ֮ȴúֵ
һûΪĳƴѻ֮ǰûУˡ
Ϊ£ΪԼĵƴ
ֵˣûбֵˣ֮УΨһһô顣
̤̤
֮нŲ֮ͻѻ֮ˡ
֮λҲˣڻѻ֮ͻ֮ľһսǲܵʲôûп
ˡ֮˵ţͣ°ɣֻܾˡȻ֮ʮλ֮࣬ҪںģʵûбҪʲô鲻úҪƴܾˡ
ǰΪʲôô벻ء֮ٺһЦ
֮Ĭˣû˵
ѻ֮ǻ֮Ӧȥ׷£뿪ȻҾͲͣǿһ»֮𲻴Ӧ
֮ߣ벻һץ
֮˶ʱͷȻǸˡ
鲻ܲκϵˣҪ飬ȫ֮УһĮ
ǵ棿֮ʱһϲ㣬ֹǡ
ֹǣΪʲôҪֹӦð˭֮һΪԼѪУûѪ֮оʹǻѻĵӣദԪеĸѾԽʦͽ֮飬ѾµԼŮΪһĸײܿԼŮһѪĹߣʲôҰ˭ԣǾԼѻҲס֮ʮ죬ʮ֮뿪ˣ뿪ˣץҲһˡ
ðɣ֮ҡҡͷȷʵǿԹܵˡ
֮תˣλҲ׷뿪
ѻסʮôʮʱ»ѧԺӶʱȻܰץ֮˵ţҲɴ಻ȥƿѻռ䣬ֱӱĿϢ
ѻĬˣµķֻϣ漣ˣΪʦֻЩˣһҪ뿪


2000 
֮вϵŲƣÿһζȥʵ̫ˣϵŲƣҲҪʱ뿪˵Ľ
ٴ˵ĽصѧԺҪ֮á
ͨҲҪһµʱ䡣
ѻ֮ס֮ʮʱ䣬˵ԶԶĲԻ֮һ㶼š
ʦţѾ֪˻ѻ֮ΪԼһУΪңʦȻȼ壬֪ʦʮѾļˣΪʮ죬˳˼ޣͻ˯
ҲЩжʦһ˾ˣԺлһҪúñ
µ˵ͷݶǡ
ٿôڵٶȣ뵽ɽҲҪµʱ䡣Ҹ׾ͨ編򣬿Ի֮ݰռŲƣֻҪ¾ܵɽ򡣡³
֮һߵ濪֮
ڵȫǻ֮ռ֮еİҪ֮ܵӰ죬ݡ
ѾѧԺϣѧԺǱܽǻȥ۳ҲûоԵģΪôʱڽǻȥǺͺҲδܹ
ҲǳĬˣ˵ʲô
ʦã㻹°ɡһȻ쳹գֻ֮߳һӣסº۵ȥ·
ΧĿռ˲䱻ͷҲҲ޷Ųơ
ӣº۶ɫһ䣬Էһ񣬶Ϊǿ
˭̲סʵ뵽·û뵽ô졣
죬Ҹ׵ĵ֮һҲ޹ǿļλ֮һҸ״һս֮Ϳʼ˱չأյĵӲ࣬ΪǿģҲǱҸõһ½͵
죬ӯӯһݣʦ֣Сʱˣ¿ʦܹһ·²ȥ޸ԼϲˣΪѪĹߡʦ֣ˣ
쳤̾һʦã˵ʵҺͬ㣬һǲܷ뿪ʦҴȥҪǲߣùľˡСʱҴãҲüǹϣ㲻ʦŮҲõġҵһжʦģʵҲһǶҪʦ˼ʦǵڶ棬֮ʵֱ׷ʮλ뷴ֻͷѪ
յԲΥ
ºͻ֮֮䣬Ȼѡ֮Ϊ֮Ŀɽ
ʦ֣ˣⲻ㡣ҲĶ֣ͷץңҸȥŹۣҲܵǣ룬ʵʱ뱣ۣҲץȥˣ϶Ҫ֮
ôʦû˵ҲץȥҵǿԷһ·Ͻ뿪ɣصѧԺ֮òҪˣʦ飬ǲŹġĵ
ѵ߲ˣʦģǱסˡ
Ҳǣסˣ̵Ĳ֮ļһȻͻ֮Э飬ȵһᣬҾܰƤҩɵ
ռĳ֮ء
ӣôʲôүүûսӡҲݣ㻹边ȻҴүүаүүæúܣүүÿˣúõؽӣ֪ʲôүүүү˵ţ˺ѿռ뿪źһӣһػˮɵס˲֮
ߣŶûС֮ռ䣬һɴ磬Ȼһնǰ棬ֵסɵ·֮ѾӦ¼޸أˣ£ͱˡ
ӣǷʰҲŭˣôҳȫ㡣
˵ţ֮һΣֻһ嫵档
棡
˿澹Ȼ˳һ֣ʷʱշ򡭡еһз򶼱д
һ棿
֮һǺεȵֶΣΪô
ǡ
ʵһ棬һǧ磬֮кٵĵĴǧ硣
ӣ򣡡
ţһȭ˲֮

ǱߣѾȹϵϣѵ޷뿪ô
ΪʲôΪʲôҪǡ
ʦãˣʦֵôʦСʱûٱ㣬˵ʱҲʦĺˡûĵģ͸ʦֵġһת㶼Ҫˣʱ찡һЩʧ֮߳һŻͷڵӣһ˲ӣһ׵Ļһ
˭㣿۶סˣЩԴס
ǶСʱˣʱҲŶ󣬾ǵϵĺͯһ°һۣԵӴףȻͽܵʦĴӣҲҵĴʦ֣ħҲĸ׵ļӣĸȥͰʦ
ħʲôüͷħʵ޼˶޹ǿһ񾳽ʯڵľ˼ҲͬȽ׵ġ
Ȼʦ뿪˭ʦõ·˭ҵĵˡħ˵չֳ˾˵ս⣬ʦҵϲˣȻһ㣬ôҲһϲʦõģΪʦֵѡףǡСӣǰɣúõضԴʦãһ֪㹼ʦã»ȪҲҪɱ㡣ҵʦãûܹ۸ҲУ㲻УҲУǻ֮ҲУ
ħޱȣѾû
վ˵ĻҪ飬ˣȻĻһӦ顣
۳ħһĵԶṼ£ΥģΪȫϣ
ħ˰֣ҸЩģԺıˡˣʦ߰ɣԺ󳣻ˣ˵ĻͲ˵ˣԺ϶ҲزˡѧԺǱ֮ҲҪίԼ۸ʦȥҴ򲻹ѧԺԺ˻ʰٵġ
¸жĪʡ
߰ɡ
ħ̾һҲ۾ʪһ֪»ټˡ
ûй£ҲûôھһʲôӰ죬¾á
ã쾭塣
׼뿪ŭˣȴħסˡ
ߣ۵ͺһ죬Ѹƿնȥϡħս

֮ٴαס
ҲҸ׵ĵӡӦûаץȥˡµ
㸸׵жٵĵӣü
˵Ҳмʮɡÿ涼࣬ĹأΪһʱɶٵĵӡҸױչأյĵӻ˵㣬ʦӹǧ򣬼һЩĶˡµȻô棬϶ܶ洫ĵӣ󲿷ֵӿܶûм棬ܵõָĹҲʮ֮һ
ҲˣҪ㸸ôӶǣǱ˵ߵĵˣ뿪彮򶼲ܡҡͷˣǶȥˣ˵ʵҲѾﵽ۷壬ƲǸ١
˵ĲȷǿԲǶ֡µͷ
ʦãߵҲ̫˰ɣҲ㶼û׷ϡôҲʦ˵һʦûʦ˧ûʦִ󷽣ʦֶû˵˵ǰ£ʦ㶥˶ٵİʦֵûٱ۸ҪˣҪ˵ߵúðԺû۸ʦˡһ˺ѿռ䣬ЩǱ˳
Ӳޱ߷ҲǼªޱȣһϾмƶ
ؤ˭ʦ֣۶Ǿˡ
ţҶʦֻɽǰɵɵģΪǸɵӣ˴¾ͳƣҲϣûΪҶҲ֪ʦֲŲɵֵôҶʦˣоˡ˵ţ۾Щʪ
ڶˣһζʦֺʹʦ죬ʦ˵ʦ־һȻɵѾͷһ棬ɶʦȴЦŻӦ˵Сĸţ׶ܲˣԼ޸ĸ൱ڶһã쾭塣Ҳʹ֮²֪ʦֲɵʲô֪Ͷʦ˰꣬ˣʵݲȥˣŷŹ˻ɽ
ɽʱ˰ʲôƨ⣬ʦҪ뿪ʲôǷô
ɫ΢䣬֪ɽ
ɽ˻֣СѾͷϽ߰ɣʦΪһˡ
ɽʦ֮Ժ󲻻Źġ
Ժ飬Ժ˵ˣֻ֪ʦҪ뿪ֻĿĶѡ
ɽ˵ţȻŰ﹥ȥ
ллʦ֡
˵ţ̡

죬·ʱµʦֻˡ
£ѾͷȻҪߣߣʦֱԷúõ飬Ӷ˲ôʹæϹˡ˵㣬ҵˣҪΪûΪҪû˵㿴ɶʦֲ˧ôʦֲ˧ôЩƵˣС˵λʦ֣ȻСһ֮ѣԲʲô
Է˵ģ֮һԺרΪ߽ײṩģȥľûˡ
λˣλ˿һӣˣ˭жԶԶʦãŲҰȴϡ£ߣеٶˡ
ӿˣҲһͷ
˶ǹģСѧԺֱй֮޲
лʦ֣
˵ţһٴ뿪
ÿ춼·ÿֶ⣬ߵ彮ıԵ
Ҫô
»ͷȥ˿۾ʪļңԺȴˡ
Ҫ뿪ˣҺܿԶ뿪ˣֻҪ֮һ죬Ҳлһ졣
߰ɡ
µʱ֪Ϊ˺ܶ࣬ԺҲֻмӱĶºˡ
µ˵ͷһҪٴγ
ɾʱ֮һҵսˣһҵ۳ˣЩսȫҫ۵Ĺâ޹ȼһĴһ
һŵھµ·岻ˣһһת۾ͱ鲼Ƭա
ǿ£ȫЦ⣬лϤˡ
ʦħ˿һֱ۶ûˣʦֻɽؿڻмѪۣ·ϻմȾѪʦֻͷɢҲû֮ǰӢˡ
ʦã
ħһµʦҲͬʱߺ档
ע⵽һĻˣҲǾĪ˭µĵôŽᣬҲͻѻ֮ˡ
ǵھһʦˣôûһ֪˭˵һͿһۺȻտڣһöڻգƬնˣƺΪ̾һؼҵ·
ս۷׷Ч£һ˲ʮ֮ڣ磬¡ϡ
ʦ㣬ߣ
˸ߺþò
ߡ
ǿˮ뿪
һӣͲ뿪ˡ

ǿռԾ֮۵¶ϲɫ
ǰˣҲע⵽ˣһһλ񣬶λϸܵǿĿռ䷨Ϣ
ѧԺʦ˷ܲѣ¹ȥˣʦԺǻȥİɣ
ߺȣС㲻ı˹ˡţԺҽǻȥģ˵㻹ǻ£Ϊ㣬ɶͲ֮𣬾˵˶˲ᡣã˳ͽˣҴǻѧԺȵѧԺǾͰȫˡ㲻֪ǳѧԺˣ˶ڵȥЦǺǵ
ʦǵˡЩ֪ѧԺķǳ飬ѧԺ̳Ҫըˡ
ʦǻȥǺ⣬ʱѾˣ죬Ҹ׻֮ͻʱ׷ǿҲֻҪʱѡε
ôҾͲ֪ˡҪǻصѧԺҪµʱ䣬ԺǣӦǻ׼ɡ롣
¾ܴǵѧԺЩ𾪣ٶĸҲһ㶼϶١
ɣСס˵һ޴ĿռˣСףһֻռ棬ֻΪ磬Ȼʱ仹̵ʮ졣
֮оȻпռ棬̫ˡµʱ䣬ܴǻصѧԺҸ׻ҪʱҪϵѧԺҲҪµʱ䣬ʱӦѾѧԺ¼ޱȡ
̫ˡҲǼ
ǻʲôǸϽ߰ɣѧԺʦء˵ţС׺Сף죡
СҪ죬ʱһֻһͷ̱˵ϡ
º۶סҲɵˣô¡
ǼŸ·Ѿ˼ޣһ·ʵǶü޵ٶڱܣѾƣˣȻô뿪˵Ľ򡣡۵ĻʱӦʮ쳯ϵģȴӲıѹ졣
Ƕ۵ˣҪȥɱ˳⣿ŵ
ҵĻ飬⻹ˣȰ˵ߵԱߣһ㣬ͰǸһԦ޿ռ֮Уˣʦ߰ɡ
ߣˣѧԺ˵
СʱſھͰ˽ȥСŤ뵽˿ռ֮УҲ
ռڿռ֮дȫһŲһ£ҪƵģ֮˿̻֪Щ


2001 صѧԺ
ʱȥת۾졣
ѻܻ֮Ļѻռ䣬Ȼһ
ţֻռˣ֮һƿնȥ
£ʦҲֻЩˣʦҪúõ˯һˡѾöû˯ˣϸ㣬һ˯İٸԪ֮ǰˡҲ֪һ˯Ѿȥ˶ꡣѻѾٴλΪ˱壬ֻǴ˿ΪȼյģѾֻԭʮ֮һСϢ΢ʱҪϨһ
ǺαءʱһṲ̊ſռ仺Ůӿһ澹ȻһӵһǾҶҵһ
㣬һûΪ˭ƴѻ֮ʱ΢΢һЦйΪƴΪҵĵӣҵġŮҾֵˣֵԺ󶼲ڣΪѾ
ôҲǶԵġһĵҲ㣬ֵ˾壬Լ¶ζ˯ʱƷһ¡˵ţһɫƿ˻ѻ֮
ǣѻ𾪵Ŀƿӣʲô¶ȫԴˮֻ˼ξҶҵĹ֭ѣ㣬㻹Ǵ󷽰һƿ¶ڵȫˡһƿ¶ҵӦûָĺܿ죬Ҳ˯̫ãһһ˯Ѳء
Ѿˣѻ֮ϵĹâϨҲص˿ռ
ѻ֮˯ˡ

֮뿪֮ѧԺȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ԤƵĶ죬Ҳŵչ֮ǰ֮ȷҪµʱܸϵѧԺʱ졣
֮
һֻ֮ˡ
˿̵Ĳ֮Ǳһֱֻ۶ˣ۳ֱۿܴ
ǵٶôôˣ֮ѯʵϸӦһ£뿪˵ĽѾ֪ٹˡ
Ҹող֪ѧԺһֻռ棬ֻռǰӦۺǣҲС¾ܻصڵɽھǸϹȥҲѾˡ֮̾һΪΡ
أȢ£һ£ֶѧԺƻˡ
ǿɲһҪԲ֪ҵŮӳҵġﰲĵţأ׼³סĵѧԺҲҪѧԺץѧԺҵҪǲǵ𡣡֮˵ţһͳѧԺķȥ
֮¶ʮָȤĿ⡣
ܺã֮аҪѧԺʵǾȥԡҪӮˣζܰѧԺˣҪˣʱҲ᳹׺ǽѡȻڻֻǻ֮һˣԻ֮Ӱʱδزܴʹ˺һԸѧԺѧԺǿҲͬʱʮλλǿ֮ţһֿϷӣΪ˺ͻ֮ϣҲʧСֻ֮ѧԺʵû뵽ʵǿһ㣬дķҿܶҪԵ
֮뵽һսΣЩ¡
ʦ壬֮ܰ¸׷ôҿ³ĻȢҲԣʱҵõ˻֮ĴУͻƵ񾳽磬̾λǿˡأʱ
ǰˣ֮ܰ׷ã׷ĻҲҪȥ֮Ĵȡ֮˲ʲôˣ˵ȥ㣬Ҫǵãģ㱾һͷǿվޣҲ̵ˡ֮Դ˵λأǺ˽ģ˾ʲôˣ˭ĺô࣬ܵ˭
ôᣬֲգһӶ̵ĵӣԲᱳѡأ֤

ʱһط
Ҳסˣס˲Ǳˣʡ
棬ôôżأܲܵҰƺãոպͲ֮һսڻءɿ棬ΪΣ֪û뵽ô죬ɱˣѾȲҪ֪˭ˡ
ϻˣҵΧɱ˭ߵȫһŮ
ðɣ㻹ôҾõûô򵥡ϵǽ֮е飬ôȥǴλˣЩǲڸʲôھ֪ˣҪ֣ҲҪһºΪ˺ܾܿҲ֪֣ӶѡΪǿѵ
Ȼǵʮλ֮һʵǿ󣬲϶һλκС
沢ǿ֣϶Σա
ʴ˿ҲЩģˣҲҪ군ˣЩС϶ٴ¶ͷǡ
Ҳʵ˼ߵ㵣ʲôҿʮλ֮һʵǿ󣬶Ҳһˣмλҹϵɱô׵ġӣǲڶûͻƵ񾳽磬ôܷİ彻浽һ죬ұɱˣ㻹ͻƲˣֱҸǿͶˡԣҿѧԺͲѡͶǡ
Ŀ֪࣬˵ʲôá
棬۱Цˣ˵°ɡ˵ģļ䴫棬һķǸ¶ĿĿ֮µǱˣūó׹˾ū֮һĳ֪ǿڳ֣ɱɱ˵ˣΧλ֮УҲ˵ɱʵˣ񡣡˵
֮вжٵ涼Ǿޱȡ
ôҪɱ񣬵˭вݵģȻֱǿ¡
ū֮ҾͲµû뵽Сƺһ㶼⡣
ū֮ɱ࣬˲ɱū֮ū֮ͳ޲Сʱ֮࣬ѵǵĻڲˮ̫ˡ
̲סһЩҲܿ¡
˵ˮȷĿ£㲻׵ĵطͿɼһˡȲҪţһȥ׼һ¾ͻᶯ֣ʱȡסū֮ʳеࡣߣЩ˾ǲصЩģЩ飬Ҳһһˡ˵ţ˿һһԵʮֵķ¡
Ҳ׼űһЩˣֻΪһֱȵ˽ѡ
뿪ܾҪ£ǸϽԺʮλ֮һҪǶ֣񶼽ˡū֮ԲǽֻһеĿ˶ѡ

֮ٶȺܿ죬ҲԽԽ
֮׷ˣǵС׻ٶһ㶼֮٣Ȼ֮׷ҲصѧԺǿԺú˯ҲһѾѧԺٺһЦ
ۺ¿ûôģʱ̶ڹעϢҲûôֹۡ
ʱһĹȥʮ֮ۺ½뵽ɽ
ˡ
ҲЩ¶ǵѧԺԺҲûǷֿǿԶԶһˣ
Ҳ̲סЦ˽رһ
֮УҲһʱõϢ
ȥôٶȿ԰ѧԺȻһֻռ档ڶ棬ѧԺʲôӵ棬֮Ҫ˰ɡ˿ҲѾص˽ţõϢʱЩοģº۵飬վºһģ˵֮Ͳ֮һսȻն˲֮һۣò֮ŵ֮ززԼȴҲˡʱӦû˰ɣǿ徲һˡ
ȥˣܺãȥĺãҿ֮ôճ֮ЦȴǾܻصѧԺãֱӾܴʹ֮֡
ʦʦѾѧԺԷˡħȼλѻ֮ĵӳһ˯֮еĻѻ֮Ѿ޷ˡ


ŭ֮ǻ֮˿ѾҪˡ
ȥˣôܻȥˣͲһ㣬ѾܽӽɽˣֻҪڸʱ䣬סºۡ
ȥô㵽ѧԺȻܰץȥ£ҵŮΥҸ㰲ŵˡѧԺҵҪǺηʥȻΪУָΪС֮ţٳɽȥ
˿̵ѧԺ֮⣬Զա
ѧԺλӵһͨѾȫҪͨҲ뿪ѧԺ
ԱߣվһӣһһĵĮ
ʦһ棬һĴ棬֮ⷽ⻹棬ñ֮ǰ˵档Ҳ֪׷֮ʲôЩ׷ǳѣӦþǲⷽԼƣķӦþⷽ档ײҲ˽ⷽĳԣϿӣ˭֪ײȻˮںˣӵûпǵ˵ڵ࣬Ѿࡣ
ֲżȻˡһִٳɵġ
һʧ֮˶뵽Ϣ޵Щ˻ٴξ
׷Ժ˵ĳЩƣҴ˽֮žĻôЩԺٽоԺ˵ǻ֮ô˵ʵѵں֮֮ϣڵʵɣƸǴ˵Ķ֣ҵ֮ŸҵĻܴˡ
ʱЩΣٻȷʵǵġ
֮ûУûС
ΪҲǷȱ˲٣Ͼϵͳ췽ֻ꣬һǧĻǴķʵҪ֮
û£֮ʵҲͺͺʦ࣬Ǿ㹻ԸˣʱһЩʦУָɱ˻֮һѵͺˡЦЦ
֮ʵǿϾ˵ĵڶ档
ɱ֮ҲԲô׵飬ԴһʼҲûɱ˻֮
ҪɱˣʱѧԺ˹ҪˣѧԺڵʵԸˣʵԶˡ
ֻǸ֮һѵĻǵûʲô⣬һЩֶεġ룬Ҳûаѻ̫֮أȻʵֻеʮ֮һֶȴ٣ǵԻ֮㲻Ƕ֣Ҳܱް
֮ϾҪˣͽˡºѾѧԺһҪȥһǣʱ岻˻֮Ҳῴֵġˣɺɶˣġ˵ţԶˣǺɺɡ
ʦѧԺɻϰߣ˵ʱ򣬺þòӦǣǲôãһѧԺȻ˴ս˵ţѾ˷ߡ
ϵͳոմʦѧԺȻûз֪ͨһЩѧԺʦѾ֪ˡ
֮顢Ԫ֮ӡ
ʵǿǧգ棬Եޱϡ
ã˵ˣ˿ɣʵҲôˣǸ֮ǿ
֮ǲǿһһһԲӣ֪ʲôұֽȥ֮ȫˣűһ塣ôǼһҲûֺãնһֱۣҪܵÿ죬ԴˡһЦ
Ȭˣɳһ¡
һЩ˵ҩʱѹסˣõĻûиʮ겻ܡЩΣһ˿ɱ֮еҪأ˵֮Ҫˣһܲܰʲôæ
ˣҪǻȥϢɡ֮ȻҵҲԺЩоҵʵ˲٣Ҳ֮ǰԱȵġһ֮Ȼ˵ɱʵ뵲סȴѡ֮ЦЦ
ľͺáɵ˵ͷûȥ
ѧԺ֮У֪˭ߺһѧԺǱˡ
ۻˣ
ĽңؾԼ칫ңһѧԺʦѧ˳
ǸˣǸˣΪ׷һȻɹˣǶô־һ飬˭˵ǌ˿ûд죬˭˵
ô˵Ҹ磡
Сȿ˵ĺݣȥ;סĶ䡣
ĺݲҽ˿Сȣŵķ׷׺ˣСħŮ˭ǵ
ȿȣСȣҪŮŮʱһԼæˣڴ֮ͥ£һҪעӰ졣
Ŷ֪ˡСС׵ĵ˵ͷЩҸıסֱۡ
СȣϹ˵ûУĺЩ˿Сˡ
֮ͥҪעӰ죬Ҳܱ˼۸ˡ˭㣬øСȼȻû˵ʱٺݺʱЩĺݣ˲ɵˡ
СȣʱһϤֻǣµ˹


2002 ҵʱ
Сȿۺ߹ѡ
磡
˹ȥסۣ磬Щҵˣʦ㣬Ժһӡ磬ԺҲˣԭһκòã
ۺ¾ЦЦʱҲ˹
Сǰԣĳ㻹Ǻõģͱˡ㲻֪Щ죬ȥԺʮΣϣԺܹ־ǡԺһѵ͹ⲻԺ칫ſڣһʮ졣Ҳǽ֪ǻصѧԺ뿪
ЩжҲסСȣ˵ʲôأãôܹ㡣ǰȷʵ粻ûиһð㿴ˡԺӵŬ㿴𡣡
磬áС̲ס
뵽Щһ·ʱΪѧԺ֮ʵˣȻذмӣˣĸһֱڶãûб̫ԣЩ˵㺦һӡҲҿ۴˴ƽˣȻһھһӡ˵ʲôħŮСȵʵ˭С
˴˿̻ʱļ˽
ѧѧԺԺļ߶ѾʿԲɷһôһѼСŮһͲޱȼ
ҲûҲǺѾɷʲôҪ֪УĶѾǱ˲ٵϡ˴ۺµ¼ǱдĿǵԺ棬ô޴ĺ䶯
ðɣʲôҲ֪Ѿ˴ζǰСþܾ
̫ˣҾˡѧһ˧Уûʲôǿʵƾʲô½ķģƾǻ½̫ˣ߸ɴϹˣѾһڣ۶סˣѾͷ治ǵɹԵס
Ѿ̲סЦҲǰЦѾͿ涾
СѧãƾһƬģһƬ㶮ô΢ЦŻشʵѾˡ
ģԭѾ˵ͷװǣǿô̫ΰˣమʲôòƸʵȫǸơ̫ˣŲţҷˣΪʵͰǵǰ
˺Ǻǣ۾һֶš
Ժˣ
˺һֻԶǺ˪һ˹
˹ѧʦÿһ·ۺҲվֱӡ
ĵĸмûǣǾԲܴ޹Ϊǣµʦѻ֮࣬ѧԺҲǡ˵ģɿˣѧԺ˺ò׾Ӫ꣬ڴ֮Ҳ׻ΪСĻ֮ţһսҪ
Ժ
ۺͬʱڣһ
˾ͺãϾѧԺѧûбҵôҲܱ۸ˡ˪ȿڣڼȻȫˣʲôʱ飬ҺԺȥμǵĻء
ţǾٰһȥСȻһˣȻɾż񾳽磬飬ǿɱѧǣãԲ˳ģҪǷŵ˵ڵʱ򣬿ҪܵеġǴȤ
Сڨڨ˵ˡ
ۺ»࿴һۣѾ˴㡣
Ժ׼һ¾ͽ飬ʱǵ֤ˡ۵
û⣬Сȶ޸ĸҪ㳤ĻҲֻˡ룬ƺ죬һȰˡҴ˹ǵǼģȰѽ֤Ǵˡ
סҲɵۡ
֮ϾҪˣҪԼŮȥǿ´ӵ˵ȥҪǼ޸㣬˵ĹȻٰнѧԺʦǻ֮Ҳ͹ܲˡϾѾ޳ȥŮǾóȥˮȥǿɲСǶ۵ףԭҸ£ô޳ܵԺķ񰡡
֪ˣҲʹڵǼǽ顣۵
ʱ˻֣һһŮ˹һһŮǻ羳Ϊ˿̵һѧԺЩ
ǿ˿ΧһȦѧǽɲ࣬һӻز
鷳λˡۺµ
ӦõģġŮ˵ţһȻ˵ע֮£Ϊǰ˽Ǽǡ
ŮʿԺˡԴ֮Ҳǵһλܵǵ˵ķɱŮ
ԺҾǵôţҲ˵ӽ쿪ʼͺû˹ϵҲðɣѾˣΨһǣҵҲֻҵʦЩʦʦ㣬ʦʦˡǷǵģҲֻԺٱˡ
ʱһ𳥻۵
Ž֤Уһ˶ǻ
ףǡЦ˵͵ʽٰˣҪʲôѧԺģֱ˪
ǣԺۺͬʱ

ڶ죬΢
ˡ
۾һֻ֮ˡ
˿̵Ļ֮վ֮УѾѧԺڵĿռ䣬֮вٵطҲ
֮ɱ⾪ˣǿ˺ѿռ䣬ǿĿռ籩Ҫһжһ
֮ʧԶӭ֮΢΢һЦ˫һǿĿռ籩ƽϢռҲ˳СèһѧԺоʦɣҲɵĴ磬Ӧǵһμ档
ɣ֮üͷոȶռֶ֮һޣ˲ķѧԺԺأҪѧԺԺԻ
ں֮ȻЩɵ˿̻ûз
ѧԺǸصԺȽϼɵģλԺܿʮλ֮һ
Ժûʱ㣬⣬ԺҲ֪ڼȻѾѧԺѧԺͶȻߡԻ֮ذɣιעҪ޹ɵ˵ţܰѻ֮ȰȥãѧԺҲȣֻܲǲ붯֡
֮ȴЦҵŮҴ뿪ôˣ쾭塣ѧԺҵŮڻϰ½ѵ˺ٸѧԺһᣬ£ȻҲ
֮˵ѧԺŮȻں˵Ȼⲻһڶѡ
Цˣһ˵˵ŮѧԺҲϣѾѧԺѧ۵Ǽǽ飬ΪǵĹͬʱѧԺʦܵԼѧԺıҷû֮»ȥ⣬ʱΪµİΣ룬Ȼ뿪˵޳ȥŮóȥˮԺµ飬Ҳûʸˡ
⻰֮ˡ
ۣ£ǳЦЦʱۺ´ѧԺ֮˳ǵĽ֤֮һ£ѾǵϵĺϷˣκθҲɢǵˣҪܵķƲáĵ֤ѧԺĽʦ֤Ҳó
ǣʦҲͬʱ
֤ڿУ֮ҧгݣ£ұ壬֪ĺô
ʱЦˣ״ˣҼ޳ȥ֮ȻҪɷһ˵ĹҲһġⲻǱѣյĴͳ˵г޴ӷԺҵ飬״˾ͲҪˡ
֮Ŵ˻ŭȵ£ֱǴ治ûҵ޸˭Ҳұչôûʱ㣬ԣڳˣͰץȥúùܽһ£֪ʲôΪŮġ
֮Աǣ״˻ѧѧôһװɡ
˶ǰЦ⸸׺ŮԣҲû˭ˡ
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ѧԺԺԸִңǾͱҲˡ֮˵ţȫתһգת۾ͰѰڹĿռˣռ棬һеķ򶼱ķ顣
Ȼȥɻ˻֣ۺصѧԺ֮ѧԺɲҰĵطڻȥ㻹һ棬ִҪӲѧԺ˵£ԼҲҪ⡣
ƣһλһη弸ֻ֣ĻҼֱǳ롣ѧԺ߾ߣƫҪ£ҿ˭ҡ˵ţֱ֮ѧԺȥȻ봳뵽ѧԺ֮С
󵨣ɴһһֳֻŻ֮ץȥǧ۵Ĵ֣˺ѿռ䣬ǰץУ֮ҲС
հһеĹԶʧˡ
֮ЩȻһӾȻıΧз򡣲ԣӦ֮еǸӳ˳ͨǸķΧʱղӰ졣̫СȫıķԶԶ棬ķǿģܳ棬Ȼ淨ȻҪܵ淨Ŀơ
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ɵĿռƿˣڰɢȥıԴٴν١
ķ򿹺ҵ淨ԭɵ˵ͷһܺõо⣬ķȻǿԷӳǿҲҵ治ǿ󣬲Ȼ֮޷忪ҵķռ䣬ʱķٶܡҲգҲûֻܻǽ̽һʵѡ
ɱ֮ŭһѾ˺ɡ
ѡ֣һӶʱգźϯ
ʱгһ죬ȻǸ߽㼶ıǴﵽһ۷塣
飡
棬ͱˡ
ʱգ
ɳûǰʱգΧʱվֹȻһֱȡ֮ʺҪ
ʱշ
֮һͨЩͨһ棬һľȻӵ档
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ʱձӸƿ˺ɵʱվֹɵĳҲס˲á
ǻôе˼ƾ봳ѧԺ£ԶԶɿǰĻ֮ʦǣס֣
ã֮дһ
ţ֮ɫ΢䣬оʲôµȻ١
漴Ķĳֿµ

ҵʱ磬һɽ磬ˮ˹
ҵʱһ䡣һʴ
ҵʱһ죬ǧ΢֮ţԵڣ޼
ҵʱһаս𡭡
ҵʱһҵϣսѡ
ҵʱһʱգȥδһǳΪ΢֮ԵȻҲ

ֻ֮оԼϵ˿̱ʲô˲նϣѸٵ»Ѿ۷ֱɡ
ޱȣ⵽ʲôȻնķϵֱķ
Ǿܽǿмһţһһһ
˲们䣬û֮ʶ鲻
Ȼʱɳˣĳǹƿһֱ̻֮ؿڡ

֮ؿڵ׶ʱƿһӣҲ˲䱻ƿûоʹٴγ֡
ǾȻң
֮ؿɫ£𣡡
ŭתۼ俪ʼϿʼϸܵļƬһԶž޳ˡ
Զž̻֮У˫¶µ׹⣬Ҫһжɵ
޵Ĳ棬һѪڣǵطѪڵ䣬Ǹոպɴеĵط
ʱ棬˿̶Ҳʼž޻ۡ
ޣ
ţЩ
ҲǾޱȣ֮Ȼȵֳ˱壬֮ǰû뵽ġ
Ǻ֮ǿ֮ʵҲͺͻ֮˶٣ҪǺֵλѧԺʦûл֮ͺǿȴӵʮֿµֶΣÿ˻֮ûֱ֮»ɡû뵽ѧԺʦҶΪѧԺλ񣬿Ǽϴ˵ĻǾˡĳؿռ䣬һӵ˵
˵ѧԺ˵˭֮Ҳã֮ҲãҲãȻһս֮Ϊ񡣹ؼ˭һ񣿡˻Ӧţüͷ

ҲڿһĻҲڲ²ѧԺı֮ˣ˴ˣʣµλ˰֯ʣµ棬˭ֻ˵ĽˣЩˣóū֮ûʶԼѾ¶ˡǸϲģڶĸʱգôҲأ֣ʱֹҲס
û֪˭Ҫҵ˾һǿߡ


2003 
ֳ֮֮Ƿһ
Ÿոճֵķ䣺ʲôˣҾȻ֪֮һŵ˭ģʱս֮еһλԪաѪλ֮еһλұչض֮û뵽ôµ񡣹ѧԺ֮Ǻֳ֮һ㣬̶ȲѧԺˣֲѧԺ̡
˶ǳĬˣλ񣬶ƺһλѾǿˡ
ˣҲһλʮһλͨ
ѧԺ£ţ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļ
ȥѧԺ˵ѧԺͻƵ񾳽ķֻΪǸЦϾ涼û˸˵ͻƵ񾳽硣ڣЩˣѧԺ֮λǲֶⷽΣҲͻƵ񾳽硣
һأ
Ϊվϡ
ǽǱߵĻԽԽӣ֮սҪΪ棬֪жٵ䡣ΪȻ񣬿ΪսܲսǲսڵʵܹôҲСǽ֮ԤеԼ䣬ܿ϶ԼԴȥ
ҽз磬ԺʦġһţԳƺΪ֮˵ţ֮Ȼʵǿֳ˱壬봳ѧԺ£ҲܡҪûȤȻͲǸһѵˣԺûôõƢǱƵԺ֣Ļزȥˡ
֮ɫߵŻңΪһ£һսܻѾ֮⡣ҪңǾó汾£ԺԸ֣֡ҲУҪɱңҲô׵һ顣
ü֮ͷĿԡ
𣡡
֮һ𣬿ռһĲƣѧԺΧĿռ䶼Ťˡ
ѧԺ΢Ķ

֮ŭˣ֮㻹浱ѧԺɱ㣬
֣һ޴Ӱ֣Եޱʥ
Ǹ֮У־ۣӳֵ˺ɵϣɴ˿̾Ǹף䵱汾Դϴڡ
Ҳӳֵϣһ˻֮һȭֱŻ֮ȥ
һȭţŤ汾ԴǱƵѸٺˣ֮ĻŭţҲŻ֮ͳײȥƺҪ棬忪
䣡
ײ߲ռ䣬ֻһŵİӿռ֮ӿγһĺɫ
ʤ
֮ţҲڿһսȴûгֵ˼
޹ǱѾǻ֮ΣգȻǶܳ֡
ǲֻ֣ǻ֮ѧԺìܣһ֣Ǿ˺ѧԺ
ѧԺչֵʵѾСƣ׿սȻҪҲڲŽᣬǾû̫֮Եڴ˼֮ȫռûȤ
ҵʱһ֣Ե
Ҳٴ𣬶ʱһȭٴκ˻֮ûзӦĻ֮оٴαʱŭѡǸˣһȭȥ͸˳ȥ
˱ƽ֣ڻ֮ʹúɴԸȻǺɵĶ֡
𣡡
֮ǶѪû뵽Լֳ壬Ȼǻ֮ͷĶ֡
֮֮ǰһЩʵõֳʵǷһԸɣ֮£Ѿȫѹס
ҵʱһ֣Ե
ţϡһ޴Ż֮ţ˵оܻ𡣲Ȼ֮ţ֮ŲûбǴ
֮ٴαɣϵƬǵࡣ
ģ֣ҸǶ֮֡ƣ֮ң
磬ɣʱ֮𣬡µ飬ĴˡȻŮǻҲ㴫ѪĹߣһУʵ̫Եڻѻ֮Ϊ˳˯޹ҲΪˣڲҲԹԡҲڸոգѾǶҪ飬Ӯ˾ʹѧԺ£˾ֱӻ޹
⻰֮ˡ
˾ȻˣʱȻûһԸ֡
֮أڳ֣նѧԺλ񡭡
֮ѧԺܿںҪѧԺΧô졣ţҲȥҲϵİĪֱ֮Ӿܾ
ߣų򡣡֮ŭȵ
֮ҲȴЦѣѧԺǲɱ㣬һɱǡ
ǳ֣ѵȥô
ο֮һߣһɿ϶ų֣ɵĿѾʶˡ
ߣ
üŭˡ
ߣ
֮һȷʵƲǵķ뵽ѧԺѧԺܻһӣǾͻһӰɡѧԺң浱ûƢôǶԸǣĵôܻס٣죬Ҿһϵ飬֪һ֮ҲǺǵġ
ɶʱɫ䣬ŭȵ޳ܣ
ҲȻˣҴ򲻹㣬ͻߵĶֱǲҪ
֮ɲЩֱӳŵϵײ˹ȥ
ҪײˣϵĿռ䶼Ҫײ飬ŻΪ촷ۡ
Ƿӡ
૵û֮ʮֵĿ£Ҫǵûк³
ѧԺ֮УʦѧҲߣޱȡ
ۿŻ֮ԽԽϵĿռ䣬ͺȥҲˣΧ۵ѾϷˡ
ʵЩһϵˣ㲻ʲô˷û֮Ȼ޳һЩ̨ҵĲ
󣬴󵨣
һֻ֮һȨȷٶ
Բ궼֮ûзӦ͸оԴһۣʲôüġ
أ
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뵽ʲô־£ѧԺԺģҳ
Ǹû˻Ӧ֮ԺȨȣɢŰ׹⣬˲
ԺȨȣҲηޱȣϵسȥ
̫ˣոһǺݺݵײ֮ϣ궼Ҫ顣
ΧһսҲǲŷӦɫ֣̿ء
ոǳֵѧԺԺôôֵģţȴǸûпκѧԺԺֵĺۼΨһ֤ѧԺԺֹģ֮еȨˣֻһȻѻֻ֮֮ǰʮ֮һСʲôֶΡ
һ󣬴󵨣ǡ֮ЩΣ˵Ļ֮ôҲ㲻ɣǴѧԺԺ˵ȻҲһΥ͸С
ٴ𣬶ԺȨҲûڿռ֮ʧ
֮ΪΣһƬǽ壬ѧԺķǱŵˡ
ѧԺԺûֻ׳һȻͰĲԹȥҲ̫¡
ֻ֪һѾǵǿһһǽԺȨȵܣȻһܷӳЧ
֮ѧԺķ֮»ˣһٵսһλǿߣˡ
ϷɢˡЦţҲʶӵ˻ȥѧԺʵǿӦǿȷһλʵôͱ¶ʲô£涯Ҳ䡣
ٰеҲ˼졣
ѧԺĳ̶ְˮĸˣٵǿ֮ǰƣҲòѧԺǵС

ѧԺ֮УѧһƬ
ۺҲǼޱȣѧԺĵס˻֮ԺѧԺͰȫˡ
ԺԶҪڷֿ۵
ţԶһܶĺӡµ
ԱߵСʱ򻶺ððżҾ֦ܿɢҶˡϸ磬Ǽͣҿɾ͵ŵùˡ
⻰˶ǴЦ
֪һΪһΪҪҲô׵ģܶຢӻǲܡ
ΪԽߣĵȽԽߣʱԽҪӡñڵ棬ͺ˵ĸãǺ˪һֱҪһӣô궼ûнҲԭԶڲһֱһ˵Ҫ硣֮ΪʲôأʣҲΪأӵطô

һºۺҵǣԺǴһ֮İʮžٰǵʱΪ֤顣
ЦЦԣôѡһģʮſɲǽĺӣǵϻһɲ˼Ȣ
ִȤۿЦãǺشΪһѧԺԺӣҺ¶һܺãһѧԺż٣ҲͬѧȥμǵĻ񡣡
ǵ˵ͷĺܵǽȥú׼÷ľͷľ룬ʲôҪæģȥ˪
ۺһжǸм֡
ʱúܿ죬ת۾͵һ졣
ɽ
ۺѡĽص㣬ۺСҲѧģҲΪѧԺʥһĴڣٰǳ
ۣ㻹ѡطԴѧԺӵ֮ɽǻķˡһɽٰ˻ҿԺ϶Ч㣬һѡҦʱЦ˹ϲˣףǰꡭޣ㿴죬ףɪгӡ
˵ţҦܵԼķǮ
࣬Ҳһңֻġ
л롣ۺ˵
磡Сȵֻһ˹ɩӣף»֣Һ׼
лл½˹һռָҲûпʲô
Ҳ׷׵ת˾ͻ֮࣬¶ˡ
ۿʱҪˣȻдһЦ
ʦãûɡֻ֮УһŮ˹
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ㣡¼ޱȣħԼСȺµʦ漧
ѧԺ֮УҲ˳˶⡣
ħһЦ飬Ҫеˣô˵İɡʦˣǿԣʦֵܣǰ֤ĻСӣǰɣԺ۸ʦãҴ㡣
һҡ
ʦôˣʱЩĵ
Ҫ˵ʦһ鶼ûУ϶Ҳšʦ˺ܴѾ˯ˣ֪ʲôʱܹߵ˹ǣ˵ʦӦްʦһЩ˵¶ħ
ŷģѻ֮˯ھβѡ
ʦ֣ʦ㣬롣۵
ħ˵˵ͷ𾭹ߵʱļ򣬿ʦñȽϵúôʦá
һǵ˵ͷ
˲ϵסĭ桭
֪˭һ˶
Ժˣ
ҿȥʱ˪ǵֱֱۣ˹
ħʱҲǣҲ˵λѧԺԺ֪Ǻǿ֮ǱߵġᣬҿЩѧԺѧûʲôҲ棬úܲ˼顣
ǰǵݣȥѯһǵǲλǵǵջʱȴǷԼԺ֮йǵһжʧĸɸɾǸǵǳʲôˣԼǣǵٴοǵʱֻǵ֪
˲֪Ϊʲô𾪲ѡ
µʦֺʦ㣿߹ߵʱͣӭѧԺʦֺʦ㣬ĺҸ
ܳһػ
ЦЦ˹ȥһ·ϯ̨ʱ˲ѹ
ոյô£ΪʲôλѧԺԺļ䣬ǵǵĿ뿪ЩֶʧһɶִûмѧԺԺĸоʲôͨһĨֶΣ漧
ħͻҡͷҲ֪ô¡
ԭܼ򵥣ΪԺ˷ĴڣԾնԼʱ֮Ĩȥǹһʱաʱ϶ڣҲûκεȻûмԺ֮ЩҲ֮ʧĸɸɾһҽһ£ѧԺСȵİˣҲ۵÷򡣡
һ漴˷ܵʦ֣С˵Ǹһ
áħ˿ȻֻΪȴһ㶼С
ʦ֣ʦ㣡СʱҲð˳ǲǱԺŵˣʵ˵ǣԺһЩǶ֪ԺˡԺĴҲѾʧĸɸɾҲ֪ԺôģѵҪԼʱճĨ
СȣҪԺѵ


2004 ֮
ħ˼Ҳʲô
ǱߣѾߵϯ̨棺ܸ۵֤ˣ˵ʵܹ飬ҽı˶磬Ҷ⡣ѧԺѧȽѧҲͱһЩ̼ǵȥ۵ʱʱۻһȭĵȭ֣ΪˣסĵطҪϰߡڣǸϰ岻֪Ѿ˶꣬ȴѾߵ̨룬ܵ˲ĿҲջԼİ顣
ҲǲĵεΣûԺڻ
Ҳ˰ɡ
ºȭʲôôû˵һֹ
ǵڣ񶷱ȽʢУϵĸ񶷱϶ǵ㵽Ϊֹг󡣿ǵºȭǣûйҲǾ顣Ҳ֪ҺСȵΪΪСܹϸõӣʱͲòȥȭϾǮ졣Ҳǳ˲¹ͷĵطһս֮ˣϰ忴ûüֵͰˡʱ˵һʱ䣬ûǮΪȭ˲ˣ˵һȥͻزˡʵ˵ҲûʲôСȲôһ㣬ʱ綼ûˣôȥ˵ĺܸмԺԺǸʱҵǣ뵽ѧԺǸһҡ
ԺǸˡ̲ס
ۣǷ֤ˣеҪסҪԺ󹼸£ǿǷ޵ӡ˵ģҿ϶ԺֱӰ㿪ˡҲǣҲۣҪʲôõĵطֻڵҲ򲻹㡣˪ʱЦſڡ
۶ʱ˲ôôʾһ
Ǻ˪˵һЩΪ˾ٰ˻ʽžǵϵϹˣҿʼϲϲơ
߰ɣѾʺˡûпôǳһվЩѧµĲ̧ͷ±Ҹע⵽ˡεҲûôǰɣô³ˡ
˭˭Ժ˪Ц

޵Ŀռ
һ޴̫ﳤϵƬҫںɫĹâֱգƺҪƸ˫ţǰ¶צȴ˲צоǸ߽㼶ıܸץ顣˿Ȼ۾һ˫ʲô۾ƺܿ͸ȥδʱգ޷

˿һŮӣЩãӡ
ǻܸӦϢҶΪѾءô˯ʲôô˵ţһöƬǵ˵ĻôҪæĻƬ㡣
֮˵ͷЩ䱻ҳȻûǣⶼȥ˶ټԪһǧԪǧԪǧԪˡΪ㶼أ㲻Ҳһֱڳ˯ôʲôʱѵģ
ˣϾûʲôˡ浭˵°ɣ¾һæ
ʲô飿֮Щ档
֮Ӧ֪ɣڻ֮һֱ׷֮Ҳڲ鵽ʲôʱɱˡǰǽ罵٣˵õǰļ䴫Уоͼ¼ɱˡһˣһӦһλһλȷ棬һλѾȷݣץ˴ˣʳ˵ݣȻ˳ҵ֮ԭ򡣡˵ԼĿġ
֮Ĭƺڿǡ
֮ѵ֪ôҸоǵ궼˸ƭˣ֮ҲǣĲס㲻˵֮õôѵ㲻Ϊ𣿡
֮̾һ飬̫ˣ֮Ӧֻһ⣬ڶȥô꣬ΪʲôҧŲء֪ϲ֮ҲһֱڹȥѾڼٱȫĴսҪˣʱȥ׷ֻԼ뵽Σ֮СһȰҪٲ飬Щ㲻֪ڻúúõġ
֪ˣҲͲˣ֮֮⡣
ʣµʮλ棬ʵ̽Ѱ࣬ܿҲһ˻ɱ
úúõģʱЦˣЩ񣬡ֻ۾һúúõˣ֪֮ҵÿôôÿʱÿ̶ںڣڵΪʲôŻ֮һսΪʲôҪں󷽣ΪʲôҺͻһΪʲôΪʲôҪΨһ֧һȥ壬Ϊ񱨳Ϊ֮𡣡
Ǻαء֮̾һ˵ɣǸΧɱ˭ҾͰһΣҲֻһΣǳɹʧܣӦҴ岻Ҫˡ
Ժ˵Ȱץס˴˵˲Ǳˣūó׹˾ū֮ʵһ˾ܻ׽ǿҶ֣Щڸˣ϶֡ʱҪסǡ
á֮
ԷһҪһЩ֣ս֮ģ澺ǲŪģѯʵ
սһǸսǿˣЩȴһҶӦλá˵Ǹ澺ӦĽ̫֮ˣһӦúһҹأûбĿģֻ徲һЩ뱻˴ţսһһʲôµļƻ
Ҳսһ鷳£˵ѧԺ᲻սŪģһ£ˣȥһѧԺѧԺʮֵ֣һһλһλӵʵĺ񡣱ҲѧԺæѧԺҪȫūū֮Ĵڱһϰǲ˻ū֮
ѧԺ˵ʲôطҵļ֮ôûѧԺκϢѵҳ˯֮ųֵֵ֮
ѧԺʵǿѧԺ֪ǿ߾λѧԺԺޱȣ˶ûмǻĳһλⲻ֮ǰ֮ӲѧԺúõؽѵһβˡ
֣֮֮ԵЩʧ
޹ĵڶ棬Ҳĵӣ֧λ˵㣬ҪǺһսĻҲδػ䡣ҪӮˣڵ޹һˡֵڣмҲܻءԣ㶼ˣҲļˣϾûгϹ㣬Ҳûκλá˵Щ֮ͬ
֮֮Ψһһͷ̫һλڣȻ˶ûκελá
ԭǣ֮ˡ
֮ʧ׾ѣѾ֪֮֡
˵ЩˣļƣҪãʮλǱ֮ǰһⲻġˣȥѧԺһλѧԺԺϣһ֡λͻȻðǿߣҲܺ浽ǲλѡ֮˵ţӴƬʱն˲ˡ
ѸٺˣǰͶһűߡ
ôˣȻǰ֮һλӣΪ˧ȴȫһͷȥܿ͸ı壬ѿ϶ϲ㡣
ʲôʵұӦӡޣ綼ˣҲЩ˲ϣҪάԼݣʵ˶ѡ֮
˭Զᣬ˭ԶȥҲãҲգʱһҪ浭ˣϢһЩϲķˡ
á֮

ѧԺ֮С
ǡɡɡڣоϵ
ϵҾòʵϵ汾Դڲ˻ɢ޴ԺܶʲôȻС桢桢ǴˡռڼС֮пʵ棬ԺǱһ棬֮е鲻ϵԽ࣬ΪԽǿҲԽǿֻҪ֮е鲻ҲԶɿڵ
ֵѧ˵Ҳǡ
ǵ֮иԶһ棿̫ˣʽķķ֮е鲻ǿҲΪṩԴԴϵϵֱ׶ˣǾˣ֮еأ᲻ҲŸ𣿶㲻ȫ߶Ȼܻܿ˱
֮еһʹһãҲܷӳӿµսȻҪÿôӪԼ棬Ӫĺˣÿ˶񣬾ӪĲãҲȡң֮һԵĺôٻǿһսñҺͺɣ֮овٵֻҪҪܰͳս˵ţһ˳
άǼƿߡ˵ţ֪ƿٻʲô飿
û£͸͸Ȼȥɡһ֣άֻص֮УһĻ˶
ϵʵڵ浹ЩǲҲĳ˵֮Уʱٻȥ룬ЩкʦʦҾʽȫƹȥģԴ˳ΪһѧԺ֮·
ţԡǵҲ϶õģʲôѧ֮Ӧö
ԺĹأʵһֱͦġЦ
ʵĹѾܣֹһϸΪһ棬ϸǰڸ档治棬棬ʵʢе࣬ҵ֮ߵĸԶһЩϾǵڣ֮еÿһϸҲһСÿһϸܴﵽĴСΣǶ֪Ƕ֮ˡ֮ʵӦ޵Գ֮Ϊ֮Ҳ޵ĿܡϾʵ൱ǮǮʲôñһܵһǧֻ˵ЩѣǴҲѾ⣬ֻҪһϸ֮һ֮оͻǺԼ˵˳
Ժţ֮Ǳʵ̫ˣҲ̫ˡҿô棬һ֮ɹͲˡ֮Ҳб׶ˣǾ̫ʱҵ涼֧ŲԺͻᱻԺˡ˵ʵе֮еϸϵÿһνҪӶܶᱻɵ
Ժ˵漰ΨΨһˡʱĻϵӦԺѧԺÿ˶ɴ񣬶ǿߡǳЩǶоѧʱ򣬸ÿ˵ҲҪĳ֮ջҪԼѡ񡣡
ףֹû˭ǿ֮˵ֻܾͻƵɾżľѡЦЦ۵ҲڴˣΪԺѧԺֽɾżѧָ·
ˡǿһ
Ҳɫ΢䣺˵ΪǿҶܸоҪǿ֮Ӧûʲô⣬ȵȣΪ׵Ǹ˵Ϣ棬ȻˣҴ֪ˡ
ѧԺ֪ū֮ɱ֮һ϶Ҫ֣ӦѧԺġū֮ˣ֮Ϊ꣬ߵū֮治֪˱Ϊū˵մѪȣѧԺѧɯ֮ҲѲ˹ϵΪɯʱȻûȡǳǸúˡǳ
Ժ֣ɾȡ
Ժ֣ū֮ʮа˾ҪĿԺܵ͡
ʱĻҲԳ֣Ҳһ֮ǵ壬һһһǧʮֻɱ䣬ӵʵҪǱ¶Լʵ˵˾Ͷ֣Ҵ㰲ŷʦЭǣҷʦǺųƷħôûū֮ʱʵ϶ܸһ¥
󺹣Ժ˭ǷħˣǶҥԣǱ˶⡣
ǺǺǣ⻰Լô
ͣˡһЩ֣֪ʲô
ҲʱããĿռ֮ЩȵҾȻоѪϢϵȻںѪĺˣѪŨȼֱˣ׶ˡ
׶ô˵ˣ֮˶ٵѪûһڣҲаǧˣ·֮ǰǸ͸о˺üǧѪ˵ǲʲôãȻҸ˸ǲˣҲӰɡ
֮ڨڨ⻰˵ģôôŤԵһ£Ұȡúõظһ壬ܾЩ֡
ΣѾѧԺڵĿռ䣬Ҳһˡ
ʮŻǡ
ϴ裬ȻͿһռûзӦͱ뵽С
Ҳݣ˭
󾪺Ϊ˿̾Ȼ޷֮ľͱץˣƺûв
ٳֵʱѾһձǰ
λ
Щ±ƵĿ֮Լôһգ۵ˣͷʲôˣôоôء
ϼһ֪ʲôطѧԺҲ˭ҪǸҶôԺһŹģ֮ǿµϢ֪Լܿ϶ܣֱв
ѧԺѧ֮Щȣ˿棬ƺҪѧԺİɡ
ѧԺо󡣡֪֮ѧԺϲѣô˰ɣϽһȥȻҴѧԺ񾳽ʦɾˡ
˼ôģôôŨ̫Ѫ֮ʵ
ĺˣһȥˣͷʲô˰ɡ
ף֮кҵһȵȣҺʲô֮ϺȻЩϲ֮ɫ
ȥԺʦʦʦҰұץˣһɫеͷ֪ͷǲҵɫٲҾٲˡ
㺰ʲôãԱߵҲ̿ôţƵѧԺѧλǰ˲ģټĺܡ
棬þòˡһȻճһĲƣɵӰȳˡ
ʦң⡣˭˵ûõģ㿴˲ǾˡЦоˡ
̫һ𣬡ԭǴ˵λֲ֮Ժô棬һ̫ѪܱȵϵҲˡ
̫˿Ҳɵˣǰ߾۷Ź֮һоԼ˶ˣûָоˡ


2005 ѯ
֮ûзӦҪʲôʱֻһ³֮һѱס֮ĴȣȻֻ۾漷˼ᣬҲԵñʹޱȡ
֮±ˣʲôԱߵҲŵˣ֮ץһ˲Сһ
үүʧɢӰ
󺿺˺ѷεĿ֮ЩˣѵҵӣԼԼӶûУӡ
ɲЩһȣܷŹүүϸҰС󰡣ѵôôأû£үүҼǵͺãϰɡԺҲֿˣүүʲôöҲҪˣˣʲôҪĶӾˣӲģֻҪүүģӶҪ
ʱЦˣ
֮죬Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣ֮ôôҪˡ
֮ӣЩ֣ôӲУ⣿ǵʧɢĶӰ㿴ңǲǳú񣬼ֱһģӿ̳ġ˭һҾ֡Ǽʲôöҿ꼶ҲСˣǲסڶȸңԣȸңšϾңҲһˣԺ￪֦ɢҶĴ¶䵽ˡ
ӲУ˰ɣ
֮ûзӦʱҪˣѵҪðŮŮʧɢĵܵܣ
˵ˣôĶӣҪһһӵұȽϸߴȵѪҲǿҵĺѹεʲôɴ̣ҳ˯˼ǧԪڱ㶼ҪҽӵҲ˸ϡ֮˺Ļ
ôɣϾ񣬻һλô˭ţƭİɡ
ģ뿪˵ʱΪ˺׸ʲôûдߣҿ֤ЩûѼʲôӣ϶ҲܡүүĻʲô̲ЦҪҿͦȤģҵ̣ҵǿ⣬һ²
㣿˿棬ܿҡҡͷҲ֪ʦ˵ˣȥסĵطļͽıڣʣһŴˣ㵱̣϶Ҳʲô䲻ңϹһģԵռϹıˡҸүүģҪҵ̣˭ء
֮һҲɫãѵǹռıˡ
˼ղŻһһһһүүģ˵ϹûʲôҵˣϹˡţ䣬СӺôⲻҪķ֮п϶ܻˮ˶ˣҿҲܻĺúõġҪһ£ʵͦģԺˣһ˸նûСȻȰ֮
ǺǣҿɲҪϾõҵѪŨôߣҪָһµġ˵ţ֮źȹȥһСӣϷľѧԴԺʹˣúõǧϷ
ԴֻоϢӿԴҲһǾȻһƪһƪ̫еĹ
Ǳʲô񹦣һľѧչȴ˵е塣
һ壬˵ֻô
ôչ˵ģˣ嶼ֻǺЩɻëã岻궼ˣʱڳʬ壬ʷǰоôķǿˣͬ׵ս֮УʵѾڲ֮أֹҲȽѣΪѪϵܴ̫ѪŨԽߣԽҪĻһ·壬ҲԲһ׵顣
үүһԺú̫һ֪ܵõ֮ĺôүүϹˡ
Ȥ浹ԽԽͺˣСһúҿ㡣
ţҲͦԼġСһѾʶ޳ܣ˻Ҫƭˡ
ɺͺҲЩЦãЩѧԺѧҪ찡һٺƵģһλ·ˣת۾Ūһƪ
ѧܻþð
ѧԺѧ֮ߣʲߣҲЩбȻĹϵǴСѧȥ
ˣҸо֮еѪŨĸߣ㵽ôģ֮һ£ҲԺҪԭ򣬸ոձһˣڿź˺ôҪߣַӦ˹
ô˿ɺɣûʵ治ðԼ֮˵ȥ
ʵԴһѪ֮ںϲֵͬѪԼҪĲ֣ʹԼѪԽԽǿ̫ѪѪɿڵûúΪѣֹ˶죬ÿһںϵѪͬںѪ˳һ㲻һֹܾˡңֹղСҺԺ֮ǰҲݹҲͺ󣬲ȻѪˡ
ģԺ˺ĹҲһֱ죬ڵʵҪҪҵҿԸ㡣룬ڱ䣬ǺܲмأϾԺĹѧԺ֮жİţܲɹǾͲ˵ˣô棬˳ǵĹôʳѧȴһɹĶûС
ˣǿߣ϶ʺԼģҲԼġҾҪȥҲˣѾܹ۷壬ʵڵˡ֮ҡͷǱѾľˣΪѾûκεĽˣ棬ЩûʲôãѪںϵĹλѪ֮֮ΪԺ񾳽磬ҪһͬԴͬԵĹ֮ʵѹ棬Ҳ˵һɽݶ
һһ֪Լܲ񾳽أѪ֮ôҼˡԺҵ鷳Բ˶ߡ
ѧһıߣĴ󣬵ûбѪָ֮ŵ
֮ЦЦЩͺˡ
ȻѧԺ֮ԺģҪ̸һ־ͰѺˣ˵ĻᣬλǸɣԺѾڵˡ
ѧԺԺôҲͦģһ·˵˲ٹѧԺԺ¼֮˵ͷ
ɺɴ·һ·һεĿռ䡣
ռ棬һǰããһƬƺһܺúһھͻ֪Ⲣʲôʮ־汾Դ
ռ룬һ֪ʲôƷ֣ϸܵСԵʮ棬ǷһˣһǣһǷ
Ǻͷоˣվ
֮浽ãʧԶӭ΢΢һЦѧԺԺǣûзţǳƺΪԺɡһλѧԺķʦǽλһλǺǣһλʦ֮ǰǶֹӦùעǡ
ţѾܹ֮˵꣬ɵĿǣѧԺԺȻʶκһˣһΪЩϹ֮һأ⡣Ҳ˼ˣǧԪ棬ֳ֮˲õ
ʲô˲ã΢ĩʵҳݡЦЦλԶɣ
š֮Ӧһ׼õλ
ͬʱ֮棬ǲҴˣѧԺԺҿʵҲ񾳽ѣӵʵ
صµģѧԺʦΪѧԺԺʵҲһλ񣬿ֵȴһλ񣬶ùǵĲ鿴˵ҪʲôҾ̽ǣǵʵôǵʵ߹϶ܿαװȻûпǾ˵һ㣬Ҫǿ
֮ɣô
ǿѧԺԺαװʵѧԺԺȫ˵ͨ
ߣ֮һ֪ǲĸϼһαװģЩһûһƲ磬й¶ݵĻαװһҲǲܡԣ˵ǸսͱȽжȤζ
Ҳǲܡս֮ƺ˱Ū
ܸоڴΪ޷׽˴ݣǴµܲµ֮ڴʲô϶Լɡ
ԺǸĪ⡣΢΢һЦ
ΪǸһ㣬δ㣬̽ǡ֮Щõ
סʲôûɣǲԲʲôô;Լǿˡ
ɡɺͷҲһͷˮǷ뵽ʲôԺǿ϶ΪֿԾΪ̽ǡ
ǿЦãûΪ
Ҳǵ⣬ǲģ±¶Լڵã֮ˣƸӵ͸ˡ
֮棬Ϊū֮ɣȥԸū֮ѧԺԳְҲֻ֣һʦǳ֡ǿʦôϴЭ֮˻֮ʵû֮װܱȥĻ׽ū֮ǺаġǿżɽȥҪˣҪѧԺֻзȥȽϺʡ
û뵽ԺӦôˬ죬ûеǿڡΪԺԸ֣Ǿʮþˡū֮ˣʵѧԺȫūаʱЩūҲѳūضܵõš
˵Ĳζ֮ū֮ɾΣˡū֮ҪΪū֮ҪĲԶԣǾǲ֣Ȼ֣ץū֮ҲҪɱκεķɻᡣѧԺԸ֣ʵѾǺܹ˼ˡЦЦΪǳֵϣū֮ʧȥüֵ֮ܰʦ
ʦҪū֮ʲô
ԡ΢΢һЦһû뵽Ĵ𰸣޷⣬ʱҾˣҿǿʵǵԸӦĻֻҪȷһʱ䣬ǾͶ֡
Ĭˣ֮ͨ
ѧԺԺʲô˼Ҳūֻ֮˳ƶΪôоѧԺԺ͵һ֮
Ҳųǵơ֮ܿǹҹ࣬Ϊľҵɱū֮ıҼȻ֪ˣ֮ʣѧԺƣҲֻˡ룬ӦǵĴū֮ϲ鵽ͻ֮࣬һûõū֮Ҳʲô¡
ū֮䵽ѧԺ϶ҲǱɡ֮˵ͷ
ǵôˣЦЦҪڵ򰲶һ£Ǹڸǻظ
ˣҴӦǣū֮û˼ֵͰʦʱ鷳ʦˣϴγֵΣһǿˣĻǿ
ЦãɲǴġ
ǿ磬֮ûоˣһķûУΪҲǴۿۣȻֻʮǧҲͺ͸ոͻƵ˶١
˲٣ʱǻڣ棬֮Ƕ濪֮͵Ĺϴˣ֪ܸܲǽһڵ顣
֮࿴˿ЩɻԺĲ֪Щ
֪Щһµ
浽ѾڶˣЩ飿ǵһսʲôѵִڵϹŶ᲻ѯһ
ӵĺɣ˿ǣֿ˿ɡɺͷ˱ֵСѧһһʲôӡе㻳ˣЩǲһ棬֮⣬еĴڡ
㽲һôǸɿһٶǿˣĲʵġ
ǺðɣҾͼ򵥵˵һ¡Һֵ֮飬ŵʱ浮ĵһٸԪ֮ڣǸʱǾѾʵϾ֮Դ̫ˣǵ֮һ·ԳԳԣҲûиоʲôżͻƵ񾳽硣ͬڵĻʱաԪġޣһǧԪ棬ħսѪų֡ǸʱڣѾ˲ٵȺл塢ĹģǴĲ˼顣ʱֹһǧԪĿ࣬ҲԽԽࡣҲǴʱʼҵΪҲͺͻˣÿ˶ĺãҲʱһ˵ǾԪĿһ£ҲһһǧʮĸԪ
ֻܻһһǧʮԪ֮еķ̫󣬱ϾǸʱѾǧԪѾԼ֮һ֪ܲ⣬Ǹ֮󣬷ӵˣÿ˶Զȥʱȥûҵİ취ֱָ֮汾ԴƣֻҪ鶼һûܹ⣬Ψһİ취ǳѣ档֮ŵһĻоͬһ౾ѾҪȴĶٴӿͷ
ţôǿûʲôµģµľȻ
һ㶼ЦӵΪԼƿһȺĿȨû˲Զȥ
ԭѵ˵ôģ޾ȻһһǧʮԪĻǼٵģǾͲıƭˣǺ档
֪֮治Ǽٲǽ͵ģΪҲӦˣЩ˾ʵӦöһǧԪˣҲͼٸԪȻ汾Դ򲻶ϵرҲ̣û񵱳һЩƶϵģ汾ԴˣǾûơڶظоҵҲͲٸԪһÿһ꣬Ǽٶšʵ̫ˣЩҲ뿪ˣһôЩ˵ˣ͵ô꣬׬ˡ
˵ͷҵĸоҲһڲϵţܵȵ޵һ죬Ҿֱӱ۾ϢĻع档֮ǰұŪһУҪΪ񱨳Ϊ֮𡣡
ǳĬڶܸоĿţϸʵǿ¡
һսôģɵ
ҲڴΪ޷һǧԪ֮浮ǧԪʱʱƺϰֲḶ́ǸʱǷһͨͨʮλǿҲڴ˵ʮλԪʱաޡħġս顢ѪƺĳҪһ̽ͻȻֵİ档˵ȻЩ£Ϊ֮档
ȥˣǵõĽʵһ㣬ǿʱֱ̲棬ϣº͵ķں档ҵĿĶһͨ棬ﵽΪԼĿġգռϷ磬Ͼǵ˵ı죬󲿷˻Ǿֺã嶼ɱˣȦֻǸžͳ˱ʣʵǲ̽Ǻǿλʼ棬Ȼ˼һǿ֮ЦǶʧˣ֮սĵһ̣ǾͰˡʼ沢ûɱǣŹˡǽ飬Һ涼ˣΪʼͻȻ䣬֮Ҳսˣ涼ĿҪ
Ҳ֪סɲҪĽҲӵɻ󣬵׷ʲôôǿʼ澹Ȼˣ֮Ϊʲôˣ˭ɱǡ


2006 ץ
֮һĲ˶еĿĺƣɶ֪ܻڣ˵ʵ漣ˡ治Ҫȥ̽ѰԭδزΪƲЩˡЩΪУҲĻ֮һĲס
Щ飬ҳŪ
ǻѯһЩ飬Ȼ˵ȥˣҲֻüþգŷһ׼ʼΧū֮
Ǿ͸ˣпյĻӭѧԺԺȥ͡Ȼ߷ƽ۷羰֮жһָģбȵĵطʱضǷ롣
лһȥףǴսɹǵ
ҾͲˣļûˣ¼ҹһҲǻһһˡ֮
֮ҪҸطţѧԺʱӭϻô꣬һʯȫԵѧԺһȣһѧЦˣȻ֮⡣
ˣҿɽסѧԺѧոСһѾʶˣҪѧԺƤҪˡһ꣬Ͳˡ֮ίľܾϾҲϤѧԺҲ˽Ĳ࣬ôһӾͻͬ⵽ѧԺʦ
ǺãԺ뷨ˣѧԺĴʱΪ㳨ЦЦҲΪ⡣
֮뽣ʦ˽ſһ꣬û뵽ѧԺԺҲضãǿ߾볯ѧԺСԺҪ飬󻹻ŵĻ뵽ѧԺʦȤˣ߰ɣ벻ᵽѧԺν̣Ǿͱעˡ
桢֮˺ܿʧˡ
Ժո֮˵ĻŲţ֮Ȼ滹ãҿǸֱӣĿıȽԣӦòⷽѡܸ֮о֪һЩʲôȴû˵֪Щ飬϶涼֪ġֻҵæӦǺŵùЩˡ
Ҳˣ֮е㶫ӦһЩһū֮Χɱ֮һѾ֪ˡ룬ȻֻҵĸоڵӣӦöҲûʲô⣬ҲͲҪȥˣȻֻ档
֮ˣǺѧԺʲô㲻ϡ
صѧԺ֮ǿ˺󣺡ôҿϵүүģƤ԰ѧԺô̳ѧǰܻУ硣˵һҪһ£㷴ˣͲҪ㶫ܸ֮һں̫ѪɹҪҪѪϴѪԡһȽףѪô
Ŀɿڴ˵Ļ
֮Ѫ㵱ѧԺЩΟأǿһλһλ֮ǿĴڡ
ˣǲҸ㿴ԴȻ֪⣬ɣҵҲ̫Ĺǲô
šӦѹǡ
⹦ǿԺ֮гֵĹ棬ͨѪϵش̼Լͻƣﵽľ硣ôо׫ɣЩطͲͨƺ֮ԼԲȥġ
Ժѵ⹦Ǽٵģүүǰ׽ˣյ
ǰ˺һۣүүˣϹҲûٽаɣ֮ոôûһ㣺Ǽٵģ۷嶼ģֻǴͻƵ壬֮ӦҲԼӵ壬ֻѪ߹󣬱Ͼһͷ̫ѪߵĹѾûмˡȻľΪѪȼߣͻƵ֮ʵм䲻ô򵥵Ѫ⣬϶漰汾Դ⡣ģԼȥҪһ·Ժ˵ܲ
ǾǿȽϹٶѾˣҲһᡣ
ԣҪԼΪҪĶŵԴˡ֮Ҳ˵ôֻԼĹǿģΪֹ϶ʺԼġҲҶ˵⹦ʲôõطһǧ֮һΣһָʮΡǵ⹦̫£ʵָ󣬵оѧҪԼԹˡ
лԺΪ˷ܵܵõǵָ㣬·

ūó׹˾ܲ
ô£ΪʲôܸоЩƺʲôҪһū֮ڸλüͷ𣬡ȣǹ˾ûгʲô飬ҵô
˳ʦ˾һҵСҪѧԺϴε飬֮иڹūĴɵѾ취ŤתҵˣѾһЩЧ
ߣѧԺū֮üͷɫܲãıʾǻūֻۣǰһи϶ѡѧԺȫū˵λ񣬾λСˣū߶ֵ֧ġûūЩҲЩץأΪūҲɱôֻҪսн׼ڣūͻһֱڣū֮Ҳһֱȥ
ʦ֮ѧԺūƶȿɲƶģˡȵ
ȥɣū֮˻֣ǹ˾飬ʲô飿
˼ãū֮ϵһˣֻһӰǰ
ʲôӰݣֻһͶӰ
Χɱ飬ûб¶ȥū֮е㲻ܸоҪʲô顣˲ҹ˾飬Ψһ뵽ľǵΧɱˡ
ģ滹֪ɱ֮ǰҲû֮¼¼һѾ׷ˡӰôȷģֻᵽС
ŶǾͺãĳʲô飬ǿɲܲܲˣȻҲ֪˵ݣݣʵѾ²µˡϾֵʱһǿһЩū֮Դв˵
㿴ˣӰ˵ţȻЦģһƣôҲܿ㱻ɱˡ
áū֮жͨŷģˣӦΪϾҪȫ濪սһܶҪ䣬ҵʵ޷ȣǻѻ֮ȣҲͰĴսδܻȥһЩӦ
ū֮ҰοΪҵԭ
ϾǧԪԼ¶ˣǱ߿϶ҲòˣһϢûС

ھū֮ԶĿռڴ˴
飬㻹ûаˣΧɱλ񶼳ˣԸū֮УҿɶԸ˺һλĴڡ֮Щ׼㡣
ûаˣˡҲ֪ģЩҶŲΨһŵùģҲս֮ˣһﲻ֪ǲˣȫ伣һôЩҲһģҪץū֮Ҫ˳һͻ˳ǡ
֮ΣҲ֪š
ʦأʵ׼ô֮ҵĺ֣˳ū֮ǾָԷһԷʵ֮Ĺʮĸ֮жǰеģʱһɱԷһֲ
ûɶ⣬׼ץɡ
á˵ţӰһͳ˿ռ䡣
վ֮УĿռȻѿֻ޾Ŀռɫһ֦Щ֦Ѹӿ͸һĿռ䣬Щռūó׹˾ܲڡ
Ҫūó׹˾ū֮ˡ
֦ڿӣʱеū֮ڲˣɫ䣺ϢǿϢǡ棡ΪʲôͻȻɱҪʲôƬʱնˡֲһΣУԭı˶ˡң϶ǵ鱩¶ˣҪǲңʱ˵
ˣһô֪ģȳţھϵˡ
ū֮֮ɱ޷Ųƣֻܷɳȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ȻﵽʮĹ٣ԶԶ˸ոͻƵľ֮ۺٶȸ죬ѾγһԲūó׹˾ѾС
Բھۺϣٶȸˡ
ԶԶĿȥһҪū֮ˡ
棬Ҫʲôū֮ˣ㣬ռպ֮ǰӲ㲻ɱң˹涨ˣ֮䲻ܻɱǵĵ壬ҪЭԸ塣
壿Цôģѷɡ
ʲôˣôģ֪ô˲Źġū֮ţȫǱȥֻҪӳȥˣϣ뿪ô󣬵ʱĸطһ㣬ҵ
ʱ򻹲ϣҪȷеϢܹ鷳ū֮Ϊʱ̫ˣʵҲҵȫǳ˵Ρһץȥúõرʳ굽˭߻ɱ˭ɱĻ֮浭˵ţֻһū֮׷ȥܿͲסū֮Ľš
ãū֮һѵϣڱקס˽ţʱ˾óһսȥȥȻ˫ֺ˫Ҳסˡ
ʵߣЦ
ū֮Ҳŭˣ棬ץңΪܷŹ㡣
ˣǳˣ浭Į
ҳʲô浱Ǻ۸ģūǣҳū֮ţסˣʲôȴڣΪȻҲڣһͺȣȻϰٸӰūó׹˾ĵ·˳һӰȻһԶԶʱڣԽԪԸ壬ҲٶеչֳǿϢȻȵ͹ʥ١
㾹Ȼūô񣿡涼ޱȣһŲǿҲԿһͨˡ
һһʮλôȫĻۣû뵽Ϊ㾹Ȼȫ¶ˡū֮ҧ
ˡһʮλͬʱ
ˣƿռ䡣ū֮ȵ棬Ǻһλôͬʱ㷢ռ֮Աҿܲܶס
ôҲԡŭǻɱū֮ȫԲѶЩӰ΢΢Ҫ׽ū֮Щһ鷳
һȥϵȻܰһĳɣֻҪɱЩˣǻǻٴ
Ǳū֮ūۣѾȫū֮ƿأ˿ȫǻеЩ
ˣԱɣ
ū֮ЦžͿһ˷һÿһ˶ʹ
䣡
޴һԱˣǿѾȫֵһͨһˣοһʮλô
¡ϴڶ
꣡
һϿ濴ΣѾǧٿס
ӣ
ū֮ѣЩѵʱҲ˿ƣֻҪҾͰȫˡ棬ҵţԺūó׹˾׽ҪҪūˣ㸶ۡ
ٶȺܿ죬ѾٱĹ١
ӳȥˣѾоˣū֮ޱȡ
ߣһū֮һŵĿǰ˿̵ǰһԶһֳֻһץȻֱץסĲӣһС񣬻ҵߣ
㡭ū֮ɫ԰ޱȡ
Թ־ܰɡ˵ţһ֦Ѹٵ뵽ū֮֮Уס壬ֱ֦֮Уסˣȫ֮ϵ
ˡū֮һңû뵽֮ǿʵһ˾ܶʮλʵôһе׵ĴڣԪʲôĻ֮ʲôʵ
˳Իȥˡ治˳֣Ҫʾ֮ͷˡ
棬ʲôһȻںһռ䲨ĵطһ˳һɫսףֱۣһ⾵һĿռͨ
գüͷʲôҪū֮ߣǵָʹū֮Χɱˣ
ҲǣҲһֱڵ顣Ҫץū֮ȷΧɱˣ֮ü
ū֮֮һҪץȥʳˡܰΪ֮棬ҪΪ𡣡浭Į˵ʶ꣬ҪǺˣͲҪҵ·
ڿ֮ȻΣȴҲöԷɱˡ
ģԼĹϵ껹㲻
飬鲻ܽģū֮ҰɡҰˣѯʳ֮ȥĻˡߣ֪˭Ļʹ󷴶Ầ㡣ѾˣҲٿΣա֮
üһ⣿
޷ſգҡͷԼԽͷˡ
УҾȻûвôֵģ˭ʮλĿ֮
֮ڿռ䷨÷о𾪣ϢֵĻƶҪɱ
֮Ҳɫأûе㣬û뵽λ֮ǹˡ֮ͨռ䷨˾ǿռĻû˱ռ䷨ôֵģ˵㣬ҶûвڵʱҰ֮ڵʱҲǿܸ֪Ȼǿˡ϶¶ˡ
˶ھͨռ䷨Ŀ֮ȫ͸һ
֮Ӧúһаɣһµ
Һ֪Ķö࣬ʱ϶ڳġֻǾаʲôɫ˵ʵҲܻɡڲҲΪԭ򡣡֮һӦϲ棬ʾ˼ڻ棬Ҳ֪ûв
֮㵹ͦԵģ֪˿ǰСͷһﻹ˲ô
֮治Ը⣬ֵһȥܲʳʲôҲܱ㡣ߣҿԸȥ塣
ܹ֮棬ƺӡ֤֮˵
Ȼܲˣ˵˲ã㵽ôҪô͸ҵ֮ҪôԼȥ顣˵ʵЩˣ˭ŲЩѾˣǶҪҡ
䣬ȫһˡ
ʱȫ˶ɣ˭ᱻ˺
֪ʲô֮࣬ôģҺ˵ٴˣ֮ǱʼɱģΧɱʼ棬֮ѡɫ飬㲻ҪܻڹȥԼĻ֮Уû뺦֮
㻹Сôƭʮĸ˶ɱʼ棬ʮһɱʼ棿Ц
Ϊҵʼ㡣ǿӲ

˼ʼʱڳľֻʮһˣƫƫ֮ˣԼЦˣ©ܴ󣬹ֲ治šʱأһˣȥˣ
ʱں棬ֹͻȻɱ롣ʮһˣ˵ʵıʲôǶסˡԣҲûסսսǼһ֪ġ֮룬ܾսʧΪ֪̫ˣЩֲ˵Ծ͸ɴˡ
ô㻹湻ģʵôǿʱȴһ֪˵ţ֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬÷ƺл

㻹յľ飬ͲҪҡ˵ţӿ֮߹Ҫ뿪
ɾʱһ˺ѿռ䣬ֱȥ
һޱȣǿ˭
Ŀռ䱻һ÷飬˲߲ռѣֻоԼʲôεסȻ嶼á
ǿ
ҲǾˣʵԲһˣλﶼûп
֮ʱѾһ򣺡֣ȻҲ֪˭ѾоǹɿµϢ˺ǿɱ档
￴֮ɱ˳ȥ


2007 
˺ѿռ䣬ͻȻ
ͬʱ
ҵʱ磬һɽ磬ˮ˹
ҵʱһ䡣һʴ
ҵʱһ죬ǧ΢֮ţԵڣ޼
ҵʱһаս𡭡
ҵʱһҵϣսѡ
ҵʱһʱգȥδһǳΪ΢֮ԵȻҲ
ǿµĽһѣĳ´ڵգҲһ
˭֮ŭѵҲɱˣĵ굽ǲɱģڳ֣ô쵰һȺ쵰
֮ţֱֳ壬ǿռһβͳ˹ȥ
¡
޾ĿռѿһŵİըѿųµĢơ
ҲͷӦ˹֦ǽȥһ֦ˣҲеĽֵˡ

֮ǿռķŭȵ֪ԼոյһûлǸгֵˣ˭б¸ҳ飬ǽһ˵˭ʲôġ
ûκ˵ĻӦռƽĿ¡
һߣҲǾѡ֮һǿԳ˺ɺͻ֮ѧԺĿǰλǵĻܶԸһλܶԸҲġ
飬Բˡһ˻ûзӦֻ֮ѾߣȻһץͰū֮ץУ飬Ҳˣū֮䵽Բʲô£һ취ɱģֻаū֮ңܹȫ
˵ţǿū֮ռ֮׷п֮Ҳū֮˲뿪Զ
գ֮һĻһʱͳſ֮˹ȥ쳯ſ֮һҧƬռ䶼ҧˣ֮ڿռƬϲϵŲƣ̤˶У֮ԽԽԶ
գҪǲҺ㣬Ͱū֮ҡ֪ϲңӵǣһֱ֪ôֻ㣬һΪʲôҸȥΪʲôһôģڱңҲ㡣ŭȵֳµɱ⡣
֮סû뵽֪Լ⣬֪
ûаֻкޣչֳĿɱ⣬˿ġΪãʱҲɱûʲôԭΪ˻ģͷβϲĶǻġ
ңҲܿġ֮ţ֪ū֮䵽ĺĿܻᱻһЩɱ̫ˣǺ͵һ֪ȥ̽Ѱൽζʲô֪Խֻ࣬ԽΣգȻˣһж֪Ϊá㲻ΪԼǣҲΪ忼һ£ˣʲô³
գңЩұֻ֪ࡣŭ
಻Ҫ࣬ŸҪ˻ңɱҡЩԲڡ֮ҵٶȺܿ죬ǼλѧԺʦǶסҡ֮Уסҵ˶Ҳ׷ˣûá
˵ţ֮Ҫ뿪
쵰֮ŭЩܻٶȿ죬ǻ֪ģǾ׷ȥ
׷Ҳǵ
֮Ҳ˵ֱ뿪浽ˣȻֹ˵İ취
֮ƿռҪȥɾʱպȻѣߵʱոɱһӰӰһֳֳһգֱն߲ռ䣬ſ֮ն˹ȥһӰֳֳǹգһУǹһֳİľ󣬺ñĩһ
һһǹȫ˿֮
𣡡
ħ
֮ޱȣû뵽˶͵Ϯ
գū֮ǲʲôࣿһЦǳֵӣֶֻ飬֪ôôڸ㣬ľǱǼ쵰ġ֮֮һɱΪı𡣡
˵˵֮ŭȵ
ҳˣǸɵĺ£ڻ뵱ʲôûзôǹӴЦū֮ʲˡ
֮۳ռ䣬ռ䲻ϵضѵס֮ħ֮Ĺ
ֹ֮Ҳܣֱסȥ·޷뿪
ɱ˻ģ֮׷˹ҲħѿոΧסˡ
飬齨˰֯壬ǵĻôţ˵Ǳɱģһ˵Ǻأ˲ʲôˣԶһ㡣֮Щ޵ͷ¶βļһôˣǾͲԪǻǸɱˣ
ԪʱôųǹЦ
գ겻û뵽㻹ôĶСı˶֪ħ˵
ǼȻҪҾͳȫǡ֮䣬ûɱڰйô꣬ý˻ˣ֯ʱҲͲˡûЩǾһģ壬ΪĴս׼ˡ
ǴԲѣʵκһҲ൱ôɱڻ֮ЭҿŶԡ˵ţ棬飬ֶԸֻ֮Ҫū֮㡣
ħǲ֪ࣿ
֪ҲȫЩܸ㣬Щǿ֮˵ģ֪ĶˣԲʲô¡һЩ࣬ʵֻ̡̫Ҫ֪һ㣬Һħû㣬һ֮ҲûκεĹϵǵҲǷֱˣűȱ˵ʱˣ齨֯ҲǵĿԡħʱ˵
ҲˣȴˣΪ֮ǰôõģãһԸգܲɱ˿գҲܣֻҪū֮ЩȻǲԸңǻԼ顣
֡Ҳϻˡ
֣λԸһλǿ֮ʵǿ˿Ҳд
ռ䲻ϵѣֵʵֱ£ֻǼغ֮ͱһǹ˼ϵ׶̴һ
飡
ʱū֮Ҳӿյַ˳ȥ
ū֮ϲѣ̫ˣǴǵģûҾͿˣֻҪ뿪Ҵȥá
ū֮оϻָѸٿʼӴܡ
׷
֮׷ȥۼֿ죬ū֮һץҪ
ū֮˿Ҳ˲ЩˣȼɫѪٶȶȻ˼֣ʱԶռһС
ǡ
ū֮ϲѣ˸ٳһռֻͨҪ뵽ռͨܰȫ뿪ˡ
ٶȸˣѾɫ䣺桢֮εҼˣ뿪֮кӹ
ţһͷͳǿռͨȥ
쵰˭濴ǿռͨҪˣۿһʧļƻȻħλһλڰУĿ¼һū֮һץ㣡
Ԫޡʱ֮ţ²֮˵ݡ
ֵĲһλ϶ҲսĻӦҲ֮ǰеġȻҲųǿߣ˵Ͼһһʼ棬ſǿսλ񣬸ǿޱȣȻ統ʼ棬Ҳ֮Ϳ֮ͿԱȵġţһսջС
ˣ֮ħɫã˭ֵģʶĻǲʶģ֮еĳô
ÿ˶ԼĲ²⣬˭Ҳ޷ȷֵ˵˭
ͷβֵҲû¶档
ҪɱҡҲ˵ܣң󡭡
һҽкȻ˻ûзӦֻǿռͨȻըū֮Ӱֳ
ţū֮ǱʲôӲĴһѳһģѪȾ˴ƬĿռ䡣
꣡
汾ԴĳָӦȻƺյʲôµȻ׳֣ڱ汾Դ򣬱ٶȺȻࡣ
һĲԼпռײ׵
һеԤʾһˡ
ˣ
ĳһţֻɱū֮ˣ˭
֮Ҳһʧ񣬺þòŷӦΪū֮˾ˣû뵽Էûūֻ֮뵽ռͨɱˡ
ѧԺ֮УҲأһλˣ죡


2008 ū
Ҳʱ˻ûзӦʱ򣬷Ȼͨڡ
գ
ͺһȫū֮һεεѪһӰס
˲䣬Ѹپ£ȥȥγһ޴һǷڡЩ壬˲ΪٳһĴǧ磬ֻʮǧ˿Ѹת۾ʹﵽʮһʮʮֱʮǧȥ
֮˶סǷӦʱ򣬷Ѿū֮ɵĲˡ

һЩ㣬µĻص֮ԱߣʮǧҰˡϧֻū̺֮֮ū֮ҵһԳ߰ٸǧ硣ˣ֪ɣôﻢ񣬰лأûԸ⿴ôΪ
ʦ֮˿ѾΪЩĿŷʱȻȥ̺ôҲû˭ˣЩٵĶ˾ŰپʮϵĴǧѾˣҲˣ㻹кܴǱԺ˵ܴﵽΡ
ЦЦû˵
棬ŰپʮŸǧǼޣûܳޣܴﵽŰپʮϣҲֻЩ棬֮ͺɣʵкܴĲࡣ
飬ū֮ˣһᾡ˭֡ȥҪ˶㲻һʱϵҡֻҪյϢһһʱϹȥܵκ˺֮˵У˻İɣȥ
˵ţ˵ʲô֮ʧˡ
ʲô⣬ڵģһͲǺöҿһ˶Բĵ顣֮ߵħǲ֪ôڲ˵Ԫǿɱ˻ģҺֱӼǰ֯ǰ֯λҲʲôˡ
ħ࿴˿ȴ𿪿ЦǾ°ɣʲô಻ģˣǣ
˵ţѸ뿪
ͻȻΪʲôΧɱ֮Ϊūܸ֮оǱĿģƺţΪ˰Ǹֵģʲôֻǳ棿
ЩͷԽԽ˷룬ƺ˶ڼڸǵࡣ
굽׷ʲô
棬ū֮ѾˣҲȻѧԺˡ֮һʱ㻹ȸ棬Է˶治УӭλʱʱȥѧԺ͡
鷳ʦˣӦʦҲûдɣԺлһ𷽺ʦ滹ǶԷʾ˸л
ոҲū֮ôΪҲ˲٣͹ˡЦЦƿնȥʱռ֮һҵʱһ֣ԵΪ֮
⻰֪Ƕ˭˵ģ˶ס֮֡
γ֣һԻ֮һЭ֮ζֳ˼ǿսС
ռƽ˿ɫū֮ˣūó׹˾ҲûдڵıҪˡЩūó׹˾͵͵Ĳ׽˲֪ˣ浱һ㲻֪
ūó׹˾ܲĴȥĵ

棬ǵ飬ū֮ĴǶ¶ѡ
Ҫһ
ҽūó׹˾תۻΪһƬ档
в֪˲Щ˶͸ˣ滹ûͣ˶֪ʲôڷй

һ
ūó׹˾֮еĲūűһ¾ɾһθ֮гװūó׹˾ĨɱūҲܵǣ֮֡
вūɢгҲҪūۡУѾ͵гū֮ȫҷˣκεһūûУ
ôˣ
ʣֻǲ𡣡

С𣚣ҵĹ֮лжٵū
Żаôˣˣ
ˣȫͷˣЩūһƽݣԺūҪٽաǷˣɱūţɱūӣū֮Ϊɱˣǿһλ붼¡ǱҲܣūóǲˣմ߶ҪմһλǨŭǣһλ񣬿һҷ𡣡

澹Ȼ˲бֱЩūһ·
·ľ͸Ͻ˭֪Ҫɱʲôʱ򡣡

ĳ֮Щ𾪵飬Ƿˣһ궼ɱ˰ڵūˣǰɾһ㡣֪Ϊ壬ֹԺ󱻱ͬʱҲΪ˱˵Ǽλ治ӦġΰȾôѪȣҪǷڻĻڵǸʱԸ⿴ޣ˵ˣҾͲǸ֡
û˵ҶǱǱƳɵӣˣɱˣʣµЩūҲŷˣҪˡǺһȥ壿ȥĸû˵ĵط˯
֮һ£һǺһȥɣҪԸ㣬ڣҲûô׵óѡ

ѧԺ֮С
̾ĪβŵĴΪ˽ȫūǰһһңɼ飬Ͼôūô࣬ȫô׵ġ˭֪һŭɱ˰ڵūӣЩڵĲūŷ׷׵ĽɢūҲʼͷеū飬ȻôͻأˡɯҪȪ֪ҲĿĿˡ
βڣѾҵˡ
βŵĳԱܼȫūߵ룬ȴʵˡ

ǵİ칫ңĿ⴩͸ǺӣܿһõͷŵūЩūϴЦݣĵ׶˸мֻ֮٣Ƕūⲻڴ
һ¡̲ס
Ǵ£ҪĻū֮ɱˣū֮ҲôȻ˴˴ε̬ҲЩ֣ʵūƶֵ֧ģ˵ӦֹģһȻĬˣȫôɵѵǼλɱģʱ̬֮ȣЩƵġ
˵ûô򵥡ǿɱ˻ģִҪΪıǹɱ棬ﻹ浽ڡǵʮλ棬ġ顢ħˣЩڸǲסġǸֻɱū֮ˣʵӦö²ˣڲµĶԲԣǾͲ˵ˡ
̸ʱ˷ܵ˽
ԺһǵѾ̫ϵ²˭ЦǺǵ
ô֪ˡЦվ̲ҪˣԼѧԺôĺôһֱ治ѧԺٲĴȥץˡ
ʱҲЦ֪˭
߰ɣȥӭһ˵ţͷ뿪ѧԺɺҲǺ棬ȥ
̫ϵ
տŵЩɣǱ߾ǵˣѾܿѧԺڵĿռˣȻ洫˵һһͨѧԺġʨ뵽ѧԺ֮󣬿Ժ󶼲뿪ˡҪǲһ뵽ѧԺ뿪ü
Աߣһ͵ʨӿԵүȥģҾȥġѧԺλѧԺλԺĪ⣬ǵҲ˿ɽԺ̵ԸүҲûа취ˡ
ЦЦ㵹ţ֮ѧԺ޹֮ǿԴ֮Ҳͺͻ֮ʵ൱˿϶ҲһȷٵʲôΣˡ
˵պȻһˣǿϢǡ
ǣǸϤӰǸϤϰ塭ȻԼǱŵװ׵ġ
ʨҲǿǣϽͷպ˲أǼǵõԵʱײǡ
֪ˣôǲ֮л첻ȥˣЦǺǵСʨӣǰһھһʨӹƵģôˣ
ǸΣû뵽˵ķȤ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǲһԺʨںֹүΪߣúÿǳէǧҪƭˡ
Сʨӻ˵̲סЦһԵĺɸ̿
ӭѧԺԺǡʱǺȻЩصһֻ֣գѾܾˡ
Ժ֣Ц


2009 һǧ
ǰմ뵽ѧԺ֮С
ʨںգЩź
ѧԺ֮УΪսܵոչȥѧԺСѧСѧѧΪ񾳣ѧԺĳвһɡɡɾѧڳвȻĻѧԺĸвɡԪɺʥɾѧڸвͶĿǰ֮УѧԺһЩѧУиСѧһǧǧŰоŰЩѧУѧرģҲԵѧԺͶ
յ˵ͷѧԺһµ˽⡣
ٺǴѧоյĿ͸ռ䣬ѧԺ
߼µѧڴѧﵽ˽߼ľԽоͶоѾܳΪѧˣҲѧԺİоԱ뵽ѧԺһЩо֮СЦЦ㣬֮ҲҪоЩоѧһһЩоβȥвʹѧڿΡ
⡣յͷ
ѧԺһҵѧԺÿһʦҪȥΣԺ⡣
ÿһѧԺʦԼ֪ʶ׸ѧԺ
ǴղιѧԺʱĻѧԺ֮Һͺʦһ£㰲оܽڵĿγ̡ʱ棬ҪʲôɻģѯҸǰλԲԲʦ
ԲԲʱ΢΢һЦʦʲô鶼ҡ
ջеĵ˵ͷոѧԺҪһӦḶ́ÿһѧԺʦҪһ׶Ρ
ˣյĵȷʵܲ
վͨʱշѧԺ֮п϶ܷӳ޴ãƿصʱշǿѧҪѧᣬȻԳΪһһǿߡ

ʱһĹȥ֮еūóףɱһūűȽɢ֮ĻҲȻһ¡
ҲƽĿ£ѧԺҲƽ͵Ļ棬ٷչ
תۣһǧʱ͹ȥˡ
ʱ䣬ûдսҲͣԨսѪɽսǺսԼսķˡ˶ףⲻǺƽˣǴս𣬵泹ױʱҲһսʼʱ
ڵĴңڻѡ
һǧʱ䣬ı˺ܶ࣬Ҳúܶ˵Ϊõͻƣһǧ棬ѧԺѧҲڳɳ
ѧͻˣͻƵ˽ɰ˼ľ磬൱񾳽硣
ѧԺ֮У졣
ףôЩһֱڷ棬ǲǰͻƵɾżľ磿һǰǳô࣬ѹ˼꣬ڿʼҪˣҦһԴȤ
ˣЦ
һҲ֪ѹҼ꣬ҿһͻƵɾ磬ǼˣһǶļ߰˼ˣһ޷ͻƵɾ硣Ҫ˵ͻƵɾż磬̫߿ˣͻƵɰ˼ľҲͲİ꣬һͷûС
ͻƽɾżľ磬̫ѣ
ҲڵͻƵɰ˼Ҳ߰ˣѾ֮пһ棬൱ʮǧ磬ɰ˼ӵеҲԶˡҪ˵ͻƵɾż뷨ȻЩʵʩģȴһûСɾżҪĲеһֶ򣬶ûЩͻƸܡ
˵ͷҲͬУͻƵɾż磬˲Уûнɾż˼뾳磬ͻƸûš˵Щ棬ѧԺ涨·һ֮һ֮Ϊʲôѡ棬ѡ֮ʵ֮ĻӦûܸǿ
֮ѧԺ˺ɺɵʽ֮пٳһ棬пܻ飬߾Ĵƿһ棬ƶеķݻְأߵľԼ
֮ȡԴе֮֮ӴЩԴ壬ݻ硣Ϊ֮Դ߶֮ҪѴ󲿷ֵͶ뵽ݻ֮ȥ֮ǿߣǿ֮˸ķȴҲٵӳǿĹ߲û˭ʤ˭һ˵
ֻ˵֮һЩ
ЦЦԼһ棬ܻԼΪ񣬿ֻأתǺ˼ôҴ棬ѾÿһҴ˲һҵľ粻ϵɵ࣬ҲԽԽѾγһԵѭҸо߰˴ľͻˣҲҸո˵һ뷨֮еǻۺܸߣҲܶžֻҲһ
Ȼڣл
˶ЩӦҵԼĵ
Ҳɡ
һ£ҲԼߵ·أļڵʲô̶ˣ񾳽ʱˣӦҲ˰ɡ
Ҳǿ죬ҲЩ棬ǿ˾졣˼֮ȫһɱ֮ٶȺ͹ѾˣҪսĻ񾳽֮Уһս˶ࡣ
ߵ֮ӵеĴǧٸĻҪӵʮϵĴǧսĻӦѾһǧǰĹʥ͵񡣡ΪŵڽҶڽɾżľûʲô滮ֻҪҵĽ죬ǿ޷ͻƾ磬նɱҲڻ¡
˵úã͸޵
˵Щ棬˭һͻƵɾżľ磿ҦܺȻأһֱڱչأûϣ
ϣұȽ˽ڲѾӵʮǧһζɣбײ٣ЩһֱڱչأڽҸоͻƵĻܱǶҪѵ㡣ƾʱڿڵǸЩѵͲͻƵɾż磿
㡭׶ЦˣƾûհɣЩҪǿſ˰нӼ㣬㲻֪ɶʱͻƵɰ˼ľأ˵Сӣʲô׼˭úõͶһѣ˼ͻƵ˽ɾż磬һ㲻ˡ
˵ģϲɼôƾεȴǾֻܲ˭ϣͻء
Ȼ˵ɫһ䡣
ǡһطǣ˭
֪ǿϢÿ£ҪͻƵɾżľˣ̫ЦˣǼ˵˭ͻƵɾż磬û뵽ͻˡ߰ɣȥҪѧԺʦãҪѧǼ͵źհɡ
ϵ֮һźǣҲһľѵطѧԺѧڽý̫壬ѧԺƶϣתߵǵģܴﵽ׵ĳ̶ȡĿǰתߵģǺ񶼺
һ·˽֮⣬ڽǲϵضɽţвٵѧԺѧڷٳߡ
ʶˣ˭˵ţסһҪ뿪ѧԺѧʲô˭ĵ
ѧһ񣬼ޱȣѧ㰡ż񣬲ԣҵżҲǸһ꣬˭ѧԺһѧˣˣϣѧʮǰͽȥˣҽʱ򣬻˽ҲҪȥ
֣һôˣԺ˵ӵ漶Ѫ츳ǣ漶츳ģǵ漶츳ɶ츳ƬȥġΣѵϣҪͻƵɾżˣ
ⲻܰɣͻƵɰ˼ľã߰ɣҦüҪͻˣٶҲ̫ˣҪ֪Щ˻ûɾżżء
ҪԽˣС̾һҲЩܡ
Ժˣнʦƾָһ򣬡ʦϣɵʦ֡ԺˣϣǷ˴£ҪͻƵɾż񾳽磬ӦҲࡣ
ǰϴͻƵʱԺûйɼϣɵͻһܺˡ૵ҲЩ
Ǻͽһߵ˽ǱԵ˲ûмŽȥ
ǵĿ⿴ŽЩ
ԺϣɵôˣЩżȥ
ţⲻͻƣѪѡס˽漶ѪѣϣɵҲͲԶˣӵʼѪ
ʼѪҲǵһôܡ


2010 ȫ
֮УϵǿѪǿվ޵ѪʼѪ
ʼ棬ǿߡ
ʮλΧʼ棬ȴʼĶ֣еһԭʼѪ̫ǿʼҲӵǿ塣
ϣɼ̳ʼѪ˿ٴξѣΪȻܵõһ޴
֮࣬ҲЩģϣɴ˿ѪѵĻûʲôΣգ
ЦЦΣȻеģֹĸ֮£ЩΣնһһ⣬ʲôˡ˴ɱ֮޷ͻƵľ磬ʵѾ֮ˣҲԶѧԺѧ
֪ϣɿһᳬԽû뵽ô죺˺ãŽʤôǽ̳ѧһȴǶǣѧԺȥʲô壬ϣѧһЩźáҰͲǶЩϼһѧԺŽĳɹ
һѧԺǿǿʵѧԺʦѧԺܲѧ
ҲЩڴģЩѧᳬǣҪңҪŬСЩѧ棬һûпĸǱԳҵġɶʱһԺѧҾͿˣʱԺҲˡ
ȻѧԺԺô꣬ҲЩˡ
ѧԺܳһԽѧǾһ飬Ժػȡ
ЦЦ֪ڵ״̬ʵ̫ǿˣڴߣ볬̫ˡ
Ҳۣڴ˿̣ط˶ʲô
һգ谵֮һڰеӣȻ۾˫ȼܵĻ棬ĿҲȻЩ¡
ʼ棡
ֻŭΧĿռ˲飬һ籩һΧǳɵ
ӽȭͷɳƣ㶼Ѿˣ׵ˣ㻹ΪԼܸôѪѣû뵽ѪȻܱܺãҪںѪһԲ

ޱߵѪ֮Уһӡ
۾漴ƬѪپ£ת۾ȫ뵽壺ʼѪôʼ䣬ѪѸٸɿݣһΪûѪء֮ǿѪںѪ嶼ڻ¡ΣһҪѵʧȥĻһںʼѪɾǿ

棬һ޴ɽ֮ϡ
ɽԼɣһľˣɽ嶥һӡ
࣬ļʮֿ£Ǽƺһܴݻһռ䡣
ӿϵ򣺡ôǾģʱˣξԸ⣬ҲҪǿƴˡѾ¶棬Ѿȫˡ
˵ţӻվֻȻޱȸߴȫһһ

ˣѪɱˡǵѾˣǵԼ˵һڵ
ģ̫ڴˣҲѧԺҪһɾżѧˣѧнģҲһֽ̳ģЩԺ¸ʦƺţѾǰԤˡѾЦ
Ҳܵ˽ƽҲǰڴ
ȻֻǼ֮󣬾Ϳӽ֮߳һ꣬ףѾİˣֻǱûǵ꣬˿̵ͷȴǶһһ߳ĺɫǡ
ʼ棡
ţ˵еʼӵһǣӵǿΰܣŴʼѪľŴʼһǡξѣϣɽسʼ£ԺҲܳΪڶʼҲһ
ϣͷϵǣЩεĿ˿ΧôҶڣҸոջΪҸӦأʦԺôҲˣ
ǻû˵ѾЦԼŪ˶ĶԼ֪ôɽĿռ䶼˾޴ĲΪ˷ֹ⣬ϵˡˣ˵ЩԺ˵Ѫˣξ֮ΪͻûУңΪʦҲΪˣѾΪʦˡ
˵˵ɣû£ûˡЦЦһЩ˵
ʵҲûôֲεȷѪ˾ѡʵ꿪ʼҾ͸оԼѪҺҪȼһʲôҪ泤ʱҾʶҵѪҪʲôɱ䣬Ծѡ˽Ǳչأϵ𣬼ɱ䣬ҲڽŸոճɹ˴ѪѣҵʵһЩȴҲûͻƵɾż񾳽硣˵ֻ֮ǰӵ壬ﵽپʮǧѡϣЩǫ
׼˿̻ǵһѾܿˡ
ʵѾоϣӦûͻƵľ磬ӵ壬Ҳﵽپʮǧ磬˵ϣɵʵѾͽ׵ˣѾһзʸˡ
һܱȰҦЩҸоϣξ֮ٶȿܻ죬ͻƵ񾳽磬ҲѾԶˡ
ǰԶˡţҲܿϣڵֱ磬ͻƵ񾳽ʲôһ˵
֪ҾǰͶˣʧ㡣ƾЩգԼȻûпϣǱɡ
ǺͽϣɻصѧԺ
ϣΪô࣬ҲҪָͽ̵ϣɵģҪϣӦһڵ

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յһ飬ѧԺʦġ
ԺѧԺչգ֮ҲպգȴδһȫϣѪɱ䣬ʵﵽ磬ϣɽѧԺҲһǧꡣô˻ᣬԴΪͷһΪѧԺһЩǱѧһֱȴһδ
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ЩǺƽȴǰӿѧԺʱȫڽŪ꣬ղС
ԺѧԺһЩʵѪҺע롣ԴһͻƵɰ˼񾳽֮ѧԵЩõǱڳв棬Щвѧвѧʷ½˵ԭ򣬡ҪҲѧԺ̫ƽ̫ˣЩѧû˾Գ˶ʱһЩѧǽ뵽ѧԺ֮У¼ѧԺѧǵĶ־
˵ĲѧԺЩʵ̫ˣЩѧţǽ뵽ѧԺ֮ûΣʶֻҪһֱѧԺͰȫúܣҲġʱһЩţЩűȻǸɱˣһԴڵѧԺѧҪǲŬҲֻܱ̭ǵǾͰ˵İ죬һȫǴ۲СҪ㹻𺳣ѧԺ
ԺǾͷǼλˡЦλѧԺ֮ʵ̫ˣҲʹʹˡ
ʦˣǰôˡһЦʵûдֵģ˼ҪЩһƣ÷ѧԺ

֮Ϳʼƶεƻ
Ϲôˣ˪֣ЩѧԺڵѧҲŰһӿɾʮ֮һ֮ࡣҪףôѧҪͶԴɾԲһС֣Ҫһǧ۵һЩԴȫͶȥС
ܲףѧԺһѧҲҪѧɵľ硣
ʮѧǾʮĽɡ
ǳһɰ˼ģķѵԴǺġ
֪Ѿоˣ汾ԴαʱҪˣʱ򲻳ûһѧԺѧɾûôõĻˡǳһ汾Դ֮ӽ᳹ʧ֮ܵеκһսҲ֮ˡĻ£ȥˡƻʱʵҲ⡣
ԭˣǾаɡʮ˲һС֣ѧԺûһչôѧѧԺҲҪú׼һ²С˪
ţѧԺͽˣȥºλʦһôӪһ𺳵ͨ档ҲѧԺչʾʱòײֻ࣬ñСǡǵȻҪ㣬Ǿ͸һǰ޹˺ߣ֮𺳵һˣĸԭʼ˶֪֮һѧԺѧԺˡ
˵ģҶЩڴˡ˪Ц
ЦЦʵѾһЩ뷨ʵ뷨Լ϶С


2011 
ѧԺǿ硣
һǽɾżʦǾۼоĵط˿һӣʲô
ˣֱǺɡԼ
֮Уɺߵ֮Ǹӵһ棬顣ⷽȻûڵ󣬿ҲвһٸĴС
棬֮ʵҲ
εķǻֵģߵ֮񾭹һǧѾӵ߰ٸǧѾ˵ĵھѻ֮ȡȻ۵սԶԶҪǿѻ֮ġ
֮⣬˾һǧΪѧԺƸʦˡ
λʦҲǽɾżľ磬һĿ࣬й⣬ȫ¶ſ񱩵ϢⲻǱˣǿյľ޸ʼߡ
޸ǿľ޸䳡ʼˣҲ֧֮һʵǿޱȡ
һˣһЩŵӣЦ⣬ųǡ
ӣжѩӥ
ѩӥѩӥ֮е˹һ˴档
Сͱֳ˾˵츳ѩӥ֮УһƷ⡢һһƷĳʦѪۣ߹ˣҲ޾ʷһﵽµˣԴΪ缶Դ϶ΪһΪ˿µԴ
ѩӥ֮ʵ̫оˡԴ棬ʵߵҲ֮Ƕڶ⣬ڣȫǺ෴һ̡һ˵棬תΪԼ棬һԴﵽһ޷ľ磬ҲǸĳ֮涼ƿأȻǳˡɳ
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̫ˣǺɣڵ治һٸĴСȣֻ൱֮һȻ滹һЩصλͿռ䣬ʵԶﲻ֮һ֮һСúȥ棬ֱȥƴ󣬵ʱ汾Դ΢ţַ֮úɳԲ˶ߡ
֮ʵʺڵǵ֮ܰȫɵʱȫΪǵһ֣ȻҲͱˡֻ̣ҪʱҲ̫ˣҸоǵԪľҲ겻顣˵п϶ƿôǵҲҪ㹻ǿСѩӥ
Ҫûһǿ壬ͻƵ񾳽綼ޱѡ
棬߽嶼Ҫﵽ궼ܻĵزܡ
̫ˣֲЩķӣҾ뵽ЩӦҲ뵽ˡ̾һЩ棬ҰԺָʾһֱ׷鵱ʼ࣬һ²ЩǲޣǵΪ޷Ǿıսͼ֮УҵѵĻᡣ
ѣôɳЦҷԽǿԽЩǳΪǿߣ߸ϣǾһֱԼĳȻλȥ棬޵ģԴ޵ģֻȡɣȥЩǿǾͳΪϵļ棬汾ǡ
ˣǾͲҪϹˣԺˣʲô顣ЦЦԺ˵˵ʲôɣ
ȿȣھоеúܣҪҵˡЦЦѧԺٰһҴͨ飬Ҳ֪һٶ򣬻в֪ٵСλ档һ˵ͬʱЩط̫ͨˣҪǳЭ
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ѧԺʵǺǿǻһ㡣ǳϵͳĶѩӥ꣬ѩӥһӵ˰˰ٸǧʵҪ˷޸İ꣬޸ӵʮǧʵҲͺͷ൱ЩһھŰپʮϣ۷ǿߣҲһϣܶԸһλ
Ժ˵˵ļƻɡɳ
ŲµѧԺͼôôҪǰš
Ҿʹ˵һ¡ҲɣͽʵƻҲӣ渵Ǿˡ
ˡɵͷҪʮˣʵ̫ˣʱѧԺʦز㡣ʦڵѾˣٸǰĽѧǻԹԵġ
֪յѧҲѧԺеʦȥ̣ǽоѧожɰ˼ѧһʮˣһ߼ѧǧˣЩоѧΪٶǽ߼ľ磬ѧԺڳһЩоԼ飬ʱ仹ǺܶġĻǵ磬ҲҪȥŵһʦˣ͵ˡǵ
ԭˡ˺ܿˣоôѧʮѧ㹻ˣǾͶԺˣûκε
šǵͷ

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֮УӰ߲ռ֮汾ԴڵĿռ䡣
ĺģԸ֪λڡھʹǿ棬ѧԺļƻǵĻǾԲģ汾ԴѾϾ˼ЩҲ൱ȡһ顣
汾ԴӦñˣû뵽ӲĶһꡣӦǺū֮йأһˣ൱ϵĶһ汾ԴĸҲСһЩɲ²
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ɼסǲ˵Ҳûа취
֣ǿת汾Դ򶼱
ʱǵ˳汾ԴƿѸٵӳȥһֱÿһÿһϵÿһ򡭡

ϣȻһ޴ĻĻһ򶼸סˣĻ滺ֳ֡
ѧԺʼˣѧԺ֮һΰѧԺּıǿߣ˴ѧԺѧʮˡΪڻ羳½Կɱ壬䣬Ա¼ȡ+ʸ+ԡ
ЩѧԺܵݣоͽѧԺʦʹģѧĳɹȵȣѧǱصܡ
Ϊ׵ϣɣѧԺֻһǧ꣬ȴ˷ʵǱص
ЩϢ˾޴ĺ䶯
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峤ҪȥμѧԺĿôһŮӳ
ȥȥѧԺҸˣǿΪ츳㹻ߵĻҲܼѧԺΪѧԺѧǰ֪Ѿ֪ˣӵżǿ츳ʸѧԺѧϰġȥһ£Ⱥ֮츳õѧټҪȥμѧԺˡ峤૵һѧԺǳΪһѧԺѧԺδزܽ뵽оѧϰѧԺоٶ硣
磿ŮӶǵһ
֮УȻ򣬿ǶһЩС˵˵ˣ񶼲ӵС
ӵһλǿߣС֮оһĵλ۸

ĳС棬һɫڣĿӿѧԺƻЩ֪ͨȻͬʱ鲼棬ǺεȵΰѧԺǿĿ¡ұ뽻ѧԺһֱûлᣬڻˡȥҵЩȫй


2012 
طҲж
һʱ䣬ˣƽһǧ棬ƽ
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ȥæɣȻ֮ǿ˿ʼʱ䣬һЩ׼ѾҪʼˡǵҪֵĻʹѧԺˣЩѧԺŶԳæҪԴȥ˪Ҫұˡ
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ѧԺ̣о̫͸ˣһڱصáһźɫ׵ţѧԺн࣬ЩҪңֻҪͨѧԺĿˣѧԺһҡ

Ҳ뷨ûпˣطѾвٿۼ
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תۣӾ˶ʮݣ׬һҡ
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ƾԼ˻ϲӵңоԼЩˡ

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ѧԺѧͨжѧΪʱһǧ˰ꡣɼܵϵؽܣһѧԺѧ˳

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ӣ̫ǿˡ֪޷뿪һֱȲüʱʦԳִ뿪ǹ˼ĸܣʦ϶Ѿֹˡŵ
ôϣЩأ֪ˣϣǲҪٴҵ

ϣˣȴЩգϣɣЩܣѧԺ׸ӹʲôԻȻԸ뿪ԸȥǾ壬ܿͻƳΪ񡣡


2013 
塢ͽ嶼ʼѪᣬ֮е壬ҲǴʼ档
٣ȫҲͲһˣȴʼֱϵᡣͽȾ˺ܶ࣬ϵе壬ЩĿڶ࣬ҲࡣǴеʼѪѾϡеѾʼһЩȫԵġ֮Уⲿ˵ĵλҲ͵ġ
棬ѪҪǿѪһճɾܴﵽʲôλá
ϣɴȫʼѪԺȫƾѪʼһ壬ɾҲЩǾһϸߵ͡
ϣǱ̫ˣľˡ
ϣɻصѧԺѧԺʦڿ˽еôˣûзһЩõӣ
㰡ϣɣȤЦȫƻĸˣĳѾҪӱҸом˺ܿһҲӵ漶츳˵⻹Ҫлһ㣬ƻûôõЧ
ôҺܸܰﵽѧԺϣʦε֮УеһЩ漶츳ѧˣһ¾ˣο˽֮ЩѧԺɵѧһȥǡˣѾԺˣЩѧԺ֮ҾͻΪǵʦϣЦ˵ⲻǿЦˣҲѾͬˡ
̫ˡѿڵ
ѧԺϣѧ̵֪ж𺳡

ʱĹȥڽˣһһ˽յĿ˻ڡ
֮УѧԺŶɺӼҲתֻΪ˰ЩһĽӵϵμѧԺտˡ
˲ϵر̭˽տҲûжⱣܣ˶ۿͬʱ֮УҲֱտ˵
һ˺ֻܿһˣһ˺ֻܿʮˣʱҲ˾ʱ
̫ˣǸ׿˲վΪȻƳƷɵˡѧԺ֮УΪƳƷɵĶʮˣ˾һţеѧԺϵͳֱӽ̫ϾһѧԺԺһһʦϣĿͨɲҪ̭ˡ
ôǱҲһţѧϰѧԺȥľŶͷһհѧԺԼĴ¡֮ȫʺġҲΪӿ˿ʼÿһģƳıƷߵġʯ֮ûʲô˲ģƳ³£ԼġԯʦҲһֱ˵ôҪִµľ񾢣ֻܳΪʦ
˵ʦ̫ˣҲע⵽ǸˣȷʵǱĿˣʮа˾ǿͨġʦڣȻЩ츳ѧǵصעС
Ҳǻ£ΪѧԺӰһűеĿԴˣеĿ̾ȻģģȫѧԺһѧһЩԼ뵽֮У˴۽硣񵭵

ЩʦۣѧԺѧҲǲ⡣
Ǿۼһ飬Ҳڹ۲ЩʱǶƵƵͷ
û뵽ֻΪǻ羳µСսȻô⡣ע⵽ʵǰļô˵ǸţȻȫȫһޣѧԺУȻҲⷽѧɹĻûһ̫ˣֻ壬ٶ̫ôԺǱ޵ĺܡϾôܶһĶ֡Ҧܳ
˵Ǹţһ޵ţտֳ˿µս
ʱȴÿɷ񣺡Ժ˵κһ¶򵥣ҾҲǡ˵壬һ壬壬ʵⶼԺߵĵ·ҵ⣬޵ĿڿǱܣֻһǿ壬ûпʲô
Ǳܣ
ʱ˶סˣѵ
ԺҲô˵ġǻǵûӰĿôֿǲڿǱܣͨŽ⿪ͨʱԻǿȫ֮ʱ˲Ӱ֮ϵʮǺεǿȥӰ磬ӦҲڡ
ʱҲƺˣֲøոô˵
ԭ޲û˿ǰ;֮֮ûб
ô˵ţģҸоδͨĿˡʱҲ̫ˣ˵İٱ֮࣬ѧԺܡ󵭵ȴǲţ
ţ̫ˡҲҡͷҲĬȻ
ǡǡ෴ҾţһԽ뵽ѧԺǶԼ뷨ǵģһˣǾǵԺλԺɾϲЩˡԺţܿһܺõԺ˵ܿһһ⣬ѧԺĿˣͲܽ뵽ѧԺҽѧԺȻ󣬿ʱҲûɣЦ
ЦЦ˵ĲԺֻҪţıԣĿԺܴ󡣡
ʱҲ̲סͷ
ˣţˡѵͲǸܲƾȻָһˣҶעܾˣʼĵһֱԵĻսһ·ͷȫɱɱ𣬵ʩչּƲߣ÷ֻķֻϵϣпһˡ
ȿȣʱЩΣǸļһֱǰֲῴ
ͬЦ
ǼһǵڶƾҪƾܻҪ޳ôһ㡣

ƾʱˣѵǶôҵģ

ѧԺһ˵ʱϣ뿪ѧԺһȥ
ϣѧԺô꣬ѧԺһЩͬѧ潻Ѳ࣬Ǿһ
һǰƵĺþƣ˵ζϧ̫ˡҹȥҿҪһ㡣˵֪һûУ˵յĸ׿һֱͬһ𡣡ϣţյĸײ³˹һλƹһ򣬶ǲһûݱյʵ̫󡣡
ϣʶǵʱ򣬻һǧǰˡ
ʱҲֻΪѾ˷ʵǺһλ綼ûͻơ
һȥˣһˡյĸ׿ҵϣҲΪ˰ɡϣ˾ŷʵյĸײ³˹ؾԲĶ֣ҲҪϹϾǳǿɾ˼ǿı
ٶȺܿ죬һ߿ٹȥ
ܿ죬͵ڵ
ӦþˣǵļӦǸ򡣡ϣɿһ򣬶ʱ΢ĸоЩ⣬Щԡ
ϣɣ㵽ûУͻƵ񾳽磬Ϳֵˡҵľƶ׼ˡǵ
ʧϣЦǣţϾ͵ѾڵϵˡУιһ֮㱧˹顣
ǱߣĬˡ
ҵ㡣ǵ
áϣ˵ţٶȸĳڵȥ

ˣСӣϣɡ֮Уһӻü˵ʵǲܸоѾܽӽľˡҲ֣ӵʼĴѪ֮󣬸ӵ塣ǧ꣬϶ͻƵ񾳽磬ʱ϶ǲĶ֡
ˣû뵽ôˣֱӾ뿪ѧԺѧԺڵǻ治Ҷ֣ѧԺкɡɻзλʦ⻹һλޱȵԺҪ֣Ǿȥ޻ء֣ѧԺʱԮҲһϻŸֲľͼڵŮӣ˿
ǰСӻʱ̫̣֪նֻǸһôܳϣɣϣɻѣԶӵˣѾˣ׼֡
ţٶҪ죬Ʋֹһ˶ϣɣ˷ϣ뿪ѧԺ˵Ҳû֡Ůӵֿܻеġ

ˣϣɿһطǣҵſˣû뵽һǧȥ滹סأģôҴȥûֹһˡ
ʱһӴӸۡ˳


2014 
һߺϣɲ࣬źɫ۵ӡ
ӾǣȻ񾳽ΪչֳϢȻѾ񾳽ܾͣˡ
һǧˣǻûͻơ
ϣɣ
ǿϣɣЩη壬ҲЩΣܿģ۾֮оֻмˡ
ϣŷʵһ˲ǵĿ仯֮з˲ԣǣôˣôϸܵ˵⣿Ƕҵĵ⣿ҶôˣУأѾϵΪʲôһֱûиһظǲǳʲô飿
ϣɸо˲ԾҲЩ
ƺΣա
ϵΣգôܣǲ񾳽ΪôܸΣգѵĴǵǿߣﻹʲôǾȷʵΣմڡ
ˣͻ֮ͻصĸߡ֪ôңǸŮΪ֮󣬾ô޷˵ҡ˵ЦЦǰĺɽˣǰĻǰ£ȫûзһ˵ţЦΪҵΪôΪʼ޷ͻƵôͿԿңңļ̤ҵϡ
˵ţЩ
ǣħˣʶӦòˣ֮ǲʲô᣿ߣҴȥҪʲôᣬǵ˵ͺˡľ⣬ҿ취ͻƣⲻʲô⡣ϣϵѲ࣬Ȼ˿Ϸ˾޴Σգûеһʱ뿪һ˿ҡ
˵˵ʲôǵĿЩ£ϣɣ֪ΪߵıѾˣŷʵԣҲֻһСѣƺ͵ϵûʲôҺ˵뵱Уҿ뿴ҵЦЩ˼ҵĸܡ
ϣüͷһ̵Ƕ̫İˣֱǻһһ
ǣôô룡ϣЩŭϣѲ࣬ȻϿѣ˵ЦҵʲôˣУô£ΪʲôҴϸоΣգѵԸң
һ̣ϣֱ
㷢ôȻзʵ洫ԵĿһ㶼ûдʵ㲻ģһ塣Ҫץ㣬ǸһΪĻᣬôܷҾʹӦǣƭ˹ϣɣò˵̫ˣȻôҵĻǴ˿ЩɭɭǶңҲұǣⶼҵġ
ķˡϣʱѾ֮гֵһһŮȻλѵ˵ҪԸҵˣһ˹ǵǰΣˡû뵽ǾȻҪңֻΪһͻƳΪĻᡣ
һһŮλϣɰΧסռҲˡ
ǣһǰԼľƣôھͱӣϣʵǲ⡣
ΪǺĸԼľƣˣ֪ѧԺѧΪͽ㣬һ£ͻƵ硣˭֪İõĺҵľƣȴǸҡ˵ȻˣΪʲôܳ㣬㻻ȡ档
Ѱ㾹ȻĿģͻƾԼ飬㲻Լԭ򣬾ȻҰͻƣǿˣСˣôΪҵѡϣһֻʹΪļ֮һû뵽ˣʼնûп壬ιԸ̫Цˡ
ϣһ̣ٿһۡ
˭Ϊ˶ԸңȻλ˵λϣɳ֪ĺôҳ֣ѧԺɲưոݡ
ϣɣ㻹ĵĿԣǼȻҶ֣û뵽ЩȻѧԺǲŹǣǱȴܵõ棬ȫֵõġĿռ䱻ˣͨѶҲˣѧԺʦˡֱ־ܣǵ֣ӵ
־ܣΣϣһϺȻһ˫ɫĳֱƿնȥ۳Ķħ֮ħ֮ϲϵɱ䣬ѾһԽ
ಣ
ϣת˲뿪꣬һٶȴﵽһʮĹ٣Ȼӵеٶȡ
ÿٶȣȻзʵ׷
һһŮ֮࣬ϣѸ׷ȥǿѪһѪһ
˵ٶҲǺܿ죬ҲﵽһʮĹ١
ֻٶȣͻƵ񾳽ʱ䲢񾳽棬ӦҲֻڱȽСĻҾϣˣΪҵٶȻܸ졣ϣţȫתǱֻһԵĽȻֳһԣһٰʮĹ٣ٶȰʦ˵ģʱոͻƵľ֮Ҳٶȡ
ˢһ£ϣɰ˦˺Զ
ôܣܸ죿һٰʮĹ٣ȫķٶȡӵһѧԺʲôǿ̸ͨϣɡͨ񣬿ϣˣϧǡѪ꣬ȼѪ׷Ȼӡˡ
áŮӦѪҺȼһϳһĺɫ棬ϵЩľͼڣҲһǻѸٵȫ
䣡
Ůӵٶֱ˽ӽһﵽ˺˵ʮ١
ϣֻоʲôΣգͷǴʧɫȼѪҺǡѪ֮Ѫ֮ĴˣȻҪץң
Ѫ֮ǵʮλ֮һϣɲİ
һҲȻˣѪ֮оѪӵʼѪĴߣѪ֮ôܷŹ
Ѫ֮ںѪӶȡ֮
Ӧôû£֪ǵôʦȻǳ֣һ˺ѧԺΪе׼ѪʱѾ׷ϣɣˣӲġȼѪҺٶȿһԶԶҪ㣬ԹԹԵ°ɡ
˵ţпʼһӡ
ֻ֮УһѪߣЩѪһϣֶ
Ӳˡ
ϣɿϣһ˻Ϊһ⣬Ѫȥ
ϵ֮ʩչУ졤ȻبšֻءԪ˰ÿһ޴˶Ϊ棬ȼգʥ֮⣬ȭѪȥ
䣡
Ѫ飬һλĿɿڴޱϣɵʵ
ֻһУѾܿϣѾӵзʵ
壬ûдƣǴ֮ȴӿֳһȻһ㶼٣϶ΪһټǿͨǰŴһ˲սĻǱλѾ٣ֻǹûнô¶ѡһ˲Ϳϣʵôǿԭڡ
ļӳɣһȻԴʼѪ
ʼ浱ôǿȻԭģҲֻ壬ʼܿһλǿʦôҪȡϣɵʼѪȻҲ֪Ѫ⶯Щ̫ˣҪץʱôȥһ֡
д⣬λԸһλֵýˡӵ
˲䣬˳ϣ˹ȥ
ͬʱ֣ôǶ֣һˣҲУؼҪӳȥں޿ӣǾֻܱˮһսˡϣȻ˵зʵȴһֱû֤ԼұץߣҲҪ֤һ£ϣԷϣţпٵʱƺһȣĹֳ
Щ䣬䲻Ǳģ֮еġʥԲһ䡱һ̬̬һʹϹףʥԲһСκ֮£ڤڤ֮ԼɱȨѱʩƿءʩչ߸ŤתǬһвʵǿ֮߾磬ѩʩչĻѩѩµһʩƿ
˿ϣȻ޷ȣǱֳսѾƿֲ
ֻһööɳ֮ĿϸСӺŮӶȥǸסΪĲǱģҪסǡ
ʲôͨЩ׭ôǵ꣬Ҫ굽ǵ棬һɼˣֹǡŮЩֵ̿СϣˣʵܻҪڽ֮ϣѪǣʦҵһץסϣɡ
⡭Ѫɫѿ־Ȼץһô


2015 ׷׳
ϣɴ˿סˣȴǲҶϾ֪ԼһͣʥԲһ˾ͻ֡
ﻯΪķ׭Ȼ޷˵֮У˵屻׭ϵ룬ϸʼϿһƬѪ죬ë涼ѪҺ
˴˿ǽп಻Ƕ̫Сϣˣû뵽ϣɾȻս
УһֱȥĻϣɻΪ߶ҲòȥܹסȴᱻֹʴΪһѵĸ⡣ı棬Ȼǵˣﻹӵ񾳽ʵʱֻ׸ѪѪ֮Ѫ֮˸ҪҪΪǵʵܴһԴ֮еѪҺѪҺϵͳҲ
˵ĲںǻѪҲǵûбİ취ˣֻƴˣҪǷͬʱϣɳ֡׭ʱһЩǵ֮УδǵֻҪϣɣǾȻһЩˣӦò
áѪӦǴû뵽ԼᱻһλƵֵز
˻࿴һۣ˲ǳˡ
ϣֻѪԼЩ׭˿Ҳں俪ѪѪǵ
ǾȻػԼҪȫҳ֡ȻˣҲӲˣҾͺƴˣжٵķ׭뵽ǵ֮СǶ̫СĿֲˣ˵Ҳߣܻɱǣǰܻϣ⣬ʥԲһٸ
һööķ׭۳˳ѪѪǵ֮ȥѸٵռ֮еÿһط
ҲʱѪѪ˵ϣߣǿŴ˿̸ûκηϣɣԥĸһƺ˳ȥ
䣡
꣡
ϣϵĳ㼶ս̼ˣͿеĵط嶼ȥ
ۣ
һѪѪ˳һ˿ռ䡣
ϣֻоԼɲǼ䶼ǳһѺۣĲһҲѿ֮еһϸֱȫ˲ѪһƬҲǱʲôݺݵײһ£ʶֱӾɢֱʧȥ˼һʬ⡣
飡
źϣһͷźˤȥҲûκεϢ
ˣ
Ѫס䣺νʦֻҪѪҲȡѪ
˵ţȴǷѪû˻Ӧ
ֻ˿Ѫɫ԰ףһľ֮ɫãЩ뵽֮еķ׭ȻԶֳԼһ쿴һ£֮еڱЩ׭ֻͬһĹҵѾЩ׭֮ͬһʮǧҿƵֻٶʮǧˡ
ҪӵٸǧѪܿƵѾ㲻ˡ
Ѫ⻰ԼôʮǧҲֻвٸˡڻľôؼЩ׭ͬǵȥͲǵˣֲϣɸոշ˷ԭ֪Щ׭ܿ£ԸɴԼҲҪ군һ̫ˡ
ʱһž޴ѪƺȻ˺ѿռ
ʦ𣡡
ѪǺѪʱϲǸոѪ֮ȣȻϣѾˣȴΣգҪѪ֮
Ѫ֮ͷϸЩͷ֮оȻѪҺǷԸһ񣬾ȻҪȡףôˣôоǵϢȻǿȴǿиɵĸо
ʦġѪҪͣѪ֮ȴɫ䣬˭ס֣
˺ѣһ֪ĺɫնһֳϣץ˹ȥҪϣɸߡ
ѪѪҲǾޱȣѸٳϣȥϣɸ
Ѫ֮ǷŭһȭǴֺȥѪɫȭͷ仯һͷԶѪޣǺɫ־ҧȥ
Ѫ
Į֪ĸռ䣬˭˵ĻֻоޱȵɳƣޱȵĿ£ƺҪ뵽֮һ
Ѫ֮Ҳһ˭ʶô
䣡
ȭͷǺɫ֮ϣǴַһץֻܻһ޴磬Ѫ֮ȭͷסˣһ羵һѪ֮ǹҲһƬƬġ
ʲôʵô׾ҵѪȭѪ֮ޱȣʵмˣԪޣʱԣ㲻ǣҪǳֵĻҲܲʶκһˡ棬ʲôʱôµǿߣҲϣɣͻƵҰ
Ѫ֮ŭţǺɫ֣һ̵ȫ֡
䣡
ըˣγһƬ޴ѪѪ֮ı壬˵ǿֶΣѪ
ѪͲ
Ѫסɫ֣ȻҪѺɫָɵ
Ѫô
ٴ𣬸žͿǺɫȼ˿µĻ棬ֳµĺɫɫȻѽӴѪյ죬ϵ
ɫ棬𣡡
Ѫ֮ƺڷֻʱ򣬲ſֻܳôԲյĻ棬ôյģ㵽˭
ֻĳ֣Ѫ֣֮̿һ㡣
ǷֵԴ֮һеĻԴͷǴ֮𣬶ʱǾͲ²⻹һµĻ棬ֻŻ𣬽õ֤ʵֻ档
Դ֮֮
ֻ棬ԷһС
㻹ңǿЦǺɫֵ˵ţץסϣɾҪԶݶȥһ̵̫ˣѪ֮
ѪѪһѾȫҳ֣⵽Ǻǿߣֱǲһξģһȣǳ仰͵һȫ
Ǻɫץסϣɣƺ⡣
ۿźɫһߣѪ֮ŭ֮࣬Ҳη塣
⿴ƽǧԪ˶ٿµĹѧԺԺһλЩ˵׶˭

㣬û뵽⾹ȻʼѪϣҲҪʼѪһ֮дֻһһ˹һһʱչȥעܾˣʼʱҲˣǲ֪λʼĴߣȹһ˵
˵ţθɣһԽռľˡ
ӳǺɫһץץסǺɫֵ󣺡ˣҳҿ㵽˭
񣡡
ɫֵסҲЩ⣺㾹Ȼҹ棬ͲԪΧ㣬ǰսǷˣΪϣɣðôΣգ֪Ҫˣɾˡ
ӣҲûһϻ࣬ҳҿ㵽˭
һקҪڿռ֮˸ץ
䣡
ɫ𱬷ȥ
ССҵ壬Ц˿ƾǻԼֶΣҲͶԸѪַ֮֮ԸˣҲˡ
ôΪǿǺɫֵ˵žͿһֻɫִӿռ֮г˳ѴץһѺɫ󽣳һ˹ȥ

һͿؿڱһ¶һ޴Ѫۡ
һô
ɫֵЦѣ浱Ʋķ
ӡһ㲻ȻһС㣬һҲ¶㣬֮ǰֵǸҲɡū֮Ҳɱİɣ㵽˭ҸӵĺˡԪѵͲô
Ԫɫֵ˺ȻһֶЩ
ҷˣ񿴵˻ᣬǺɫֵһУǺɫֹԵſ֣ʱϣַ˳ȥ
ٴһץͰϣץУôôһʼѪڣӦòôġû뵽һμ棬ַʽʼѪߣҲʼĶӰ
Խˣ
һͬʱǿϢ˳
ߣԽôбǶҶԣｻ֣һƬ򲻻ϼʮɽˡ˵ţѸջصĺɫ֣˭ǲʶ
һĬûκεĻָ
ǡǺɫѾʧ֮Ҳ˳֣ҲҪϣ뿪
Ԫ
ߡ
ոǸֵˣôԼƺЩȺͲ⡣


2016 ѧԺľ
Ǹ˭û˻شڿռԪҲ֪û˵
ѪΥ˵Ĺ涨ϣѧԺѧѧԺΪػ棬˾޴Ĺסһǧ꣬ѧԺ֮ȣʵǿɡȻҲܺλѧԺԺݣֻҪѧԺ棬ҾԲǳ֡ǽ죬㾹ȻȻѧԺһλѧ֣֪ĺôԪЩ䣬ѧԺ϶бʱӲܡ˵ĹҶµģҾԲΥ
˵ţԪϢʧˡ
Ѫ֮ȴЩãѧԺұңʵôڵʵˣһֱϡ
ҲѪ֮ܵסѧԺıԼ顣
ǿϢʧѧԺ֮еʦǲ֪飬һ̼λʦЩŭ
ǿ硣
ŭϣʲôʱ뿪ѧԺǾȻ֪Ѫ֮ǵһҹȻѧԺѧֵʲôҲ̫ˣҪӲܣԺô֮㡣ڶѪ֮ʩչɱһֱѧԺϡϣɣǻ֪ҲȻϣɣҲδҪϣɡ
˵ͷԲˣ֮вٵڵȴѧԺķӦѪ֮Ժֻø˲ȵǵͷϡ
ʱû˵Ϊ
Ժ㵹˵˵ʦҵˣϣȥϣɻǾ棬ܽȻϣɣҾϣãʱǲ˳嶯Ϊ˺ѧԺϣҪѪ֮һѵǼʵΧɱһλЩյġɳһ¡
һ㣬ʵԪȵģԪǺų˵һǿߣһĵһǿߣǵʵȥҪˣ˼һˣ˵ȥ޻ءѪ֮ʵλ涼ڵ׵ģƱ֮Ҫһ㣬ȥΧɱɹʺܸߡѩӥ
ϣɻҪӳ飬ԸѪȴҪְˡ޸
ʱڻڣа꣬汾ԴҪλʦҲ֪ڵȻսʵʵ汾ԴҲӦþͻƵľ磬ҲǣһͻƵĻӦ˲ӵսʱȥҪˣҲҶô
汾ԴԺ˳ͻƣʵһر󡣡ǵǵĻ
ԺʵͦģһһǧʮֻѾһһǧʮ֣һֵʲôȻôڳٳ޷ͻơѩӥ
ʵҵҲûһַֻˣҪԲҪһСַǽһȡõ򷨹һ˼˵˾ǰһһǧʮַΪһ壬Ϊĵڶ汾Դ򡣿汾Դڼ棬ôܽйһܻڶ汾Դֻܳ汾Դʱ򣬳ûзһΪһǵ
һ޸ǵһԺĺģȻҪٵڶ汾ԴѵԺȡ֮е汾Դ֮󣬻Ϊµ汾Դ򣬳Ϊƿߣ˵һĴڡ
ҵû־˵ǿܲţ֮ʱûЩ˭֪һȥȻߵأƺʲôָôһҲЩƣԼҲǱˣԼõ漶ԿʼǾһͷβ壬Լ֪ĵ뵽ĳ֪ĴڸԼźõĵ·ѾһܲԷΪɣҲֻӲͷƤȥˡ
ɼҲ֪˵ʲôã˽죬ǲҲ˽һС
Ǿ͵Ժͻ֮ԺȥҪˣڵĻǻһôѪ֮ɱҲҪ˲СɵѪ֮Ѿ뿪ˣסޱѪѧԺǺԶġԪĻƺǶѪ֣֮ܣҲ֪ǲǹģ̽ѧԺʵһεĻԺǲҪֻ֡в֣Ÿˣ˿ʵѧԺĵҲͱ¶ˡ
ѩӥҲúܶԡ
˶ΪѧԺֻλ񣬿ڼ϶ѩӥʦ;޸ʦλǻٴˢ±˶ǵ֪ʵѾ㹻ˡɵ˵ˣѪ֮ҲһˣλѪǺѪ꣬ҲϣɵʥԲһشƶٱʵֻЩյġ
ţѪ֮ʵǿӦܶԸǵͷҲ׼һѪ֮Ѫ֮Ƚη棬֮ûУ֮ͬһȼԴ֮Щ껹ǻ˲١Ǵȥʱ㵹Ѫ֮УɵʵҲ͸аˡ
ԺлǶ޸ȻҲЦ
ã֪ԺķԺϰߵġɹЦ

ǵסݸ֪ϣ֮ʲôҲ֪
ϣһˣߣúãһεõһͻƵ硣ǸЩҵˣһ֤ǿǲ֮ӣ顣ǿңǸʲ𡣡䣬һھ֮ĶûУϣɵõȫİãԼӦõġ
ճһǶʱһ
ǴطһֻһŽţų۵Ůӻ˳
գ
ǿŮӣʧ
Ϊˣһв꣬Ƿֵֻû뵽ջٴ
ʲôˣһҵЦ԰ɣжôǣ뿪Ƕôȷ԰ɣߣһĹǸ߸ϵһλôһСǵô˵ˣǲǱ˵ˣЩ˶ңҲãҳ֪ǶǴġ
ǣϣɣմ˿䣬֮еŭ⡣
ϣɣҲңȻˣΪʲôܳǵʱ˲ԣϵŭɱ⣬ôҪɱңǿ꣬쾹ȻҪɱңΪϣɣ
ұ죬ϣɰ㵱ֵܣ㾹ȻյλΧҪǴӸЩҶģ⾹Ȼ飿ͻƵ֮ͳױˣԽԽԱԽԽƫִ㾹ȻֵܶܳǿЦϣɾȻ˵ֵܣҪȥҵĸ飬ȫǣ̫Цˡˣԣֱҵĳ裡˵ţϵɱԽӵԡ
㣬ʲôǺˣΪ֮ǰĹϵһֱղҰôǽշŭˣչɱ⣬ҪɱգǰģǰģΪʲôҪͻƣΪ㣬һô㲻ɱңڵõһϾͻƵ񾳽磬ģʱǾһˡ
˵ˣ㲻ԱҺ޳ܡϣɱ㺦ˣ˵ʵҪʶǣҲĽѡ޷Ϊ𣬲ף㻹ʲôš˵ţһѶ̵һȻѾһ뵽ȥĵεΣһǲĶ֣ĸҾǲģҲҪɱ㡣
գ㡭ǰҵģ԰ɣôܶ֡Żˣ˵ˣϵسźȥҪ룬һߣԲһ׵顣
Ů²ȥôҪһĮֻ֮߳һӰҽһ£ѧԺ칫ҦܣרЩһһúܡ
Ҧһ֣պǶɵˡ
ֻҦܹ֮ܽ˵Ѿ԰ס
ѧԺҦܣΪ磬ѧԺһ糤̲סѧԺʱ򣬿רŽܹҦܣҦܵʵĸ׶Ҫǿࡣ
ߺȣͦ˽ҵôǰҰɡҦ°ͣЩҸ㣬ûлģʵ̫ˣհ
նʱȻ̲סЦ˵Цˣһǧ˰ʱ񾳽磬ҵôˡ
ʲô˲˵ģˡҦܰ˰֣ϣɣȻҲôϲϣɣȺôҲѧԺѧͻ磬λûѰɡԸˣΨһ¡
˵ţһ


2017 ΧѪ֮
ǿԼּҵԴһ̻ûзӦôɱˣֵһԷȫûаһ¡
֪ԼԱļʣԹʹԼ·
ˣɣˡҦЦЦŮõϣɣȻ棬ѧԺһӻϣѣĲңѣȴˡ
ղ֪˵ʲôãһҲֻϣɿƽ¡

Ѫ˵Ѫ֮磬Ѫ֮ƿصĵط
ʵϣѪѪѪѪǶ飬˱Ѫ֮꣬ӲӵΪ
һһҲҪѼĴۣοˡ
ϣɾȻôǿƴΣգȻһʩչֶΣʵǺˣ֮һǷ׭ͬˣ취ЩˣǲҲҪɥʧΪѪ֮ɫǺܺÿ
ʦҪȾǣǻѪ굱Ǽˡ
ǰʦȫַ׭ûа취Ҳӻ׭ٶȶѣֻҪһ첻Щķ׭ǵһᱻɸɾѪҲǵҲǼˣΪѪ֮нİ취˭֪֮Ѫ֮ȻҲһĪչƺҲ֪ô
ǻʲôЩ׭ȫǵҲҪʱ䡣Ѫ֮ߵˣȴڸһƪһ£ܲЩ׭
ѪѪǶʱϲѣѪ֮
һ֮Ѫҡͷʦ𣬲УЩ׭ܱҹת̼ǣٶȡ
ѪҲǵ˵ͷЩǵģ޷Ҫˡ
Ѫ֮üͷַ׭Ȼ˵ǿֻһְ취ˣǾǰַ׭ͷŵҵѪ֮УҽѪѪ浮֮ĵһѪҺͬϣɱϾ񣬸޷Ѫ֮⡣
ѪѪǶʱϲѪ֮ŵȻˣǵΪҲڶʱ½񾳽磬ʱҪȥЩɺԵĴǧ磬ǶδܱסΪôܱûãǵľ绹ڣֻϲһЩھǵ˾磬Ժһ
ѪѪǶǳĬˣǴ֪Ѫ֮˼
ϸһ£Ҿ粻˳١Ѫ֮˵һ뷨Щ൱ѪѪһЩ֮Ϊ϶ܸһܺãһϣɷǳȫҡ
ѪѪǵǰ뷨Ҳûᡣ
죬ϣ
ʦģЩ׭뵽Ѫ֮УҪôǵôӵѪȥѪȻѾѪˣʱֻѡѪ֮
򵥣ʵû֪ڱԴǺͬԴģֻҪҵѪֱӾܹͨǵӶ֮佨һͨѪ֮˵ţʱѪѪǵɫǱˣĸܵǵȻһУܻһռͨӵ޴Ѫ
֮࣬Щ£˵ǵȫѪ֮Ѫ֮ǳֱ֣ӿԴǽй
ģȻƿǵǶҵĺӣôẦǣѪ֮˵쳣ǣЩ׭뵽ռ֮ͨȥ
ǣʦ𣡡ҧҧȴǸ뷨
һķ׭ǣռͨȻԿռͨһߵѪǣ뵽Ѫ֮С
ɹˣȻôѪ֮ʱЩЩ뵽Ѫ֮УȻţôѹǡ
Ѫ֮УˣЩѪΪһѪãŷ׭ɱȥƾ׭ôƻȴҲס
Ѫ̫ǿˡ

ѪˣѪ֮ϳָָһεĿռ䣬Сףûָ·ҹѡò˵ڿռһ棬ռ߱츳ԶǿԱȵġ
Ѫ֮ζû뵽ǻôҹ˰ɡÿԸһϲ֪ѧԺ³ʦԴ֮׼ôԺ׼Ĵ񣬲֪Ѫ֮ܲܵˡЦЦʱ򷽺һͮͮİƴСĺ«ƿ
׼ˣǿֲǼս«ƿ棬ǧ꣬ҲҪΪѪˮϵĺ«ƿƿӣʵҲܲԴ֮գҪԺӳԼƿڻˡ
ţԴ֮ǿȣǶ˽ˣжˣһɺͷһȳ֣޸ͶѩӥλʦڰŻ֣Ǵ˴εĿ겻Ѫ֮ѪǺѪ꣬һųѪӡ֮һųѪʬ֮Ѫ֮ұۣһζϣɳֵģˣҲǵıɱ档ɵ
ϣɵʥԲһ䣬ʵ½ɱǲѡ޸ҵᣬҾÿɱˡ
ʱɱҲû⣬Ͼ˺ɱһЩǾͿʼжɣѾоѪǱߵƺѪ֮ϣɲʵʱҲõĳֻᡣ
ǻʲô֡˵ţֱ˺ѿռ䣬һ漴Ǹȥ
䣡
ƿռ䣬Ѫ֮ϣʱ׭Ѫ֮Ȼһо˾޴Σա
Ѫ֮Ժ㹫ȻѧԺѧ֣ﲻ⣬ɵһʦִУɱѪ֮
ã˵ĺɫ«ͳѪȥ
áѪ֮ʲôɫ䣬ʲôȻҸоΣգѪꡢѪǣͣҽԲļһΪЩ
ʦ𡭡ѪѪǴ˿Ҳǲ˲
䣡
ɫ«ըѿһŵԴ֮¶˳Щ泯Ѫȥ
ʲô棬ãѪ֮ʧЩ䵽Ѫ֮УֻѪյ죬ѪѪ֮ı壬˿Ѫֱ֮ӾǲҽЩˣ
Ѫ֮ŭţֻѪ֮۳һ޴Ѫɫˡ
𣡡
Ѫɫľ˿֮еķˣһֳֻץ˹ȥһץ֮£˲䱻ץķ飬߲Ŀռ䶼ѿ
ҲǴʧɫһץֱǺˣǵ֮ڣȫѪ֮ɫƺ涼ǱѪɫġ
飡
䵽ɱѪֱһ˱뵽˿ռ嶼ѪһƬ
ĺǿֵĻ֮ǰûпȻ

ҵʱ磬һɽ磬ˮ˹
ҵʱһ䡣һʴ
ҵʱһ죬ǧ΢֮ţԵڣ޼
ҵʱһаս𡭡
ҵʱһҵϣսѡ
ҵʱһʱգȥδһǳΪ΢֮ԵȻҲ

һ˿˿סѪ֮Ѫ֮ʼѸٱ
ʱ򿴵˻ᣬһ޼
ѪɫľˣһȭǴһȭֱӴѪɫ˵ͷֻΧѪɫ˵壬ܻһ磬Щ缳ȡѪ֮ϵܻȻÿһ磬ҲѪ֮һ֣Ȳ֪ٸ֮Ѫɫ˾Ȼһ뵽Ѫ֮УٴλΪһŵѪҺ
ɼ˿ûκε˷֮ɫԽӵĽǶ֪ƾЩɱһλǲܵ顣
𣡡
ȻѪ֮ٴ۳һѪˣ˴˿ĿȻѪ֮ĻЩϣΪɱңǿЦҸǣѪҵֻҪһѪɺԣҾͲɱһһǧǧ
ѪݣѪ֮⼸湫ϵĳʶ
ԣǾҪѪήЩôڲϵطı壬ÿһ㶼֪жٵѪҺյֻҪոǧ꣬ѪȻҲɺԡɵ˵ǸոҲûоɱ㣬Լˡǻס㣬뿪ˣԴֱ֮㳹ΪֹѧԺ³֮ǰյϢ޸ͶѩӥλʦԳˣ
ɱ
ӰɳѪѪǡ


2018 
Ѫ֮ʱѾɫ䣺λôܣλѧԺʦǶѧԺƭˣѧԺȻֹλ񾳽ʦλ
λ񣬿˵ֲܿˡ
ǺλΧɱһһˣһѪ֮һжͨˡ
ѧԺԸһնûУ˳׼

ܣ
ѪѪǴ˿̶ǴһĻǶĵѣֲޱȡʵ󽵣ʵ߱Ǿ޸ͶѩӥĶ֡ΪҲ˲ЩˣȫȼѪȼգֻΪܰѾ޸ͶѩӥϮɱ
ߣûţ
ѩӥЦһеĳǹವһַ˳ǹΪһޱȣѪǾȥ

һ׷ѪǣѪǾײ˹ȥ

ѪǻͷѾʧɫģѾˣֻҽһǳǹֱӴ뵽֮Уһ
飡
ǹҲᴩ壬Ȼ߲Ŀռ֮У֮Уս˳ǽϵսһ
ǱѪ껹ڼӴܣٶȺܿ죬޸޷׷ϡ
ɱ
Ǿ޸ȥ׷ǳѪķһ˹ȥղ飬Ŀռγһѷ죬ѪɱС
飡
Ѫĺ󱳱Ŀռݺݵһײһȭĺ棬ҽһӰͳſռȥϢҲѸٵ˥

һӿռһӰɡ
ֻѪɽѪһ˳ոձѪ֮شԺɾͶ˿ռΪľǵȴᡣ
ʦ𣬾ҡ
Ѫ΢ɶûٸ˵ĻᣬѪ껹û͸һ˹ȥֱӰѪ״ݻ٣ѪҲһֱѪϢʧĸɸɾҲ֮С
ʯ֮䣬ѪǺѪ䡣
䣡
汾ԴѪǺѪɢȻ׳֣ڱ汾Դ򣬱ٶҲࡣ
ռ䶼һĲԼпռײ׵
һеԤʾˡ
ЩѧԺʦţ˿λʦѾŵİѪ֮Ϊ
ɣɵƯû°ɣҸоϢ˥涼ҪƣɲǺͷҪȻѧԺĸԶԸѪ֮ɵոѪ֮ĹصģѪ֮Ĵ󲿷ֹ䵽ϡ
ʱû飬ֻҪҲ沫ɱӦûܳסʱһ˾ͶһҪ뿪ˣѪ֮ˣʱɾ͵òʧˡɵ֪ΧɱѪ֮ôɵ飬ôʱ뿪ˡ
ǺãһԸɡɵ
Ѫ֮ѪѪ꣬˿ѾҪˣѪѪҺòӣǾȻɱǣ
ţѪɳһѪɫӣһ˶һ
ǿķǶ㼶Ѫ֮ȻıȻ뵽ʲôѪ飬ѪԴͷѪΪѪ֮൱ڵһĴڡѪѾһܶȡˣʱ򽻸ѪһѧںϵǺѪܳɱ䣬Ժɾڻ¡
СģѪ֮߶Ѫʵ϶߲١ѩӥѵ
ҪѪ֮ŭţѪ鷢貵ѪɫâɵѪɫ˵ü֮УѪɫԽԽʵѪҺҲһһɼǿϢѪɫɢҪ涼ɵһɼѾȫѪ֮ɫ뵽Ѫ棬֮еѪҺҲڷƺѾתҪѪ顣
ɱ
Ѫ֮ϢɣǾ޴ȭͷɺȥֻȭͷһͱ߲Ŀռ䣬еİΪһĺɫ
ǿĹֱˣ˵ɣǺɵȫһ
ס
ɴһȾǵɵǰʱҪѪ֮һɣɲҲҪ׷ϵ
޸ͶѩӥҲǸŷӦˣѹס֮еѪҺ궯Ҳɵǰ

ҵʱ磬һɽ磬ˮ˹
ҵʱһ䡣һʴ
ҵʱһ죬ǧ΢֮ţԵڣ޼
ҵʱһаս𡭡
ҵʱһҵϣսѡ
ҵʱһʱգȥδһǳΪ΢֮ԵȻҲ

ԺɡɡԼ޸˼ӳ֣˹һ֮ǽ
䣡
Ѫɫ˵һȭ֮ǽǲһѷ죬һ̺λʦһѪ˳
߶ѪѪ̫֮ǿˡ
䣡
ڷ֮ǽѵˣ˶ǵ˳ȥˡ
Ҷû°ɡ֮ȶס֮ѯˣ˲޴󰭣ŷģѪ֮ںѪʵһ֮ǰץϣɵʱȣǵ͹Ѫ֮ʵҲ⣬ץϣɵʱѪ֮ʵȥҲֻһѣıޱ޼ʵѪһֱ
Ѫ֮ıѪ޴󣬲ƶڴˣΣգĻҲ
ץϣɵʱȷûзӳȫҲ߰˳ɶѡ
ÿһԼĵƣԼĶֶΣѪֶ֮ȻѪѪ飬˿ŭ˶޷ֵ
ô죿ʱЩˣǼΧɱѪ֮ĻٵֵסѪ֮У
ţڵѪ֮Ȼǳǿ󣬿ǿûУ߶ѪѪ½ֻǸղһᣬѪ½ٰסʱЦѪ֮ڣ֮ǿô࣬ʵҲȼѪֻҪסϵȼѪǺܿԼܰѪȼյĸɸɾ
ԭˣѪ֮ʵǿк󻼵ģټϵıԴ֮գʱ޿̶һѪˮֻҪǼסɡʱ̲ס
Ƕסô޸ȴһ㶼ôֹۣղֲεĹӣ֮б˻䡣
ֹ̫ˡѩӥ
һʱ䣬˶Ĭˡ
ǿôҽȼյһѪˮҲɱǡѪ֮ԵЩ񣬡ѧԺʲôȻɱѪѪǣΧңǾͶȥ֮ҾͲѪϵʱϵҵѪʴҶѧԺı֪һ³
Ѫ֮˵ĺƻܷ
ɼ˶Ƿŭѣɱ죬ʱѾϵǡ
ԺѪ֮ѾˣɱϵĿܻΣգʱ֪ж˻ɵ
ûţѾ˰֣ӦҲˡǵѪ֮ʵĺǿÿһ涼ǳصģ֮ǰֵǼλҲ˲ʵɡ
Ļ䣬ɾ͸оռ˲
Ӱӿռ˳ʧõ֮ʡ

飡
ˣѪ֮ʱɫ䣺ҪҺѧԺĶԹҪǶԸң
ɶΧɱѪ֮Ѫ֮һסټѧԺλʦֱǾ·
ɼǴϲ֪ҵİ֣λæξˡ
ߵǿɲǰѧԺصģ˸ң֮һݹͣΧɱ֮飬ǲǣңΪʲôҪΧɱģ˶˭
Ѫ֮ʱһŭ飬ֱǷˣĻ쵰㻹ᡣ֪˭ҲΧɱ˻֮Ҹ㣬ľҲ๼˾͸
˵⻰ʱѪ֮Ƿŭ
ԭģΧɱ˻ģĸǱʼɱġţʵֻһ̽һѪ֮ûз˵ĸ⼸ǳ飬ңΪʲôҪΧɱģ˻˭
֪ΪʲôãҸ㣬ΪҪ棬ҪѣҪ˶Ҫ˵ҪҪɱѪ֮ɵŮˣ֪ʲôͷβ㣬ΪҲϲ㣬ϲκˡĵСܣʱô㡣װˣЩ֪
˵Ĳˣ˿ҲŭȵѪ֮㲻ҪΪˣͿô޼ɵܺãȻǺ˻ĵ֮һұɱ㡣


2019 п
Ѫ֮ˣɵŮˣȻҲµĲ֪֮󣬸ܣǳ֡
ѾȥˣŭȵɱѪһɱ˻ģ͸
֮ĬƬ̣ǵ˵ͷ
ʱҲڣ桢֮лܸѧԺһ֮ڼȻҵĿһģǾĺɱѪ֮ѧԺλʦҲܿһսټǾѪ֮ٴͣҲɡ
˵ͷȾѪ֮涯֣֮ҲǺԥĳˡ
޴˺ѿռ䣬ֳ֦ѪҪѪסһѪ֮ҲŭˣȼѪˮѪɫľٴΰθһıھһȭ˹ȥ
䣡
޴Ѫ֮ȭѿռ÷飬ĹʵҲѿ
ۣ
һѪȴǸӵŭˣһ̵ķˡ
Ҳʱ֮Ҳɱ˹̫ѪɫһҧҧסѪɫ˵ֱۣѪ֮ͬҽŲӦ֮Ͱһֱ۸˺
ɱ
ѧԺλʦΧѪɫ˵źݺݹȥѪɫ˱ĲϺˣѪˡ
Ѫ֮˿᧿Σô˵Ķ֡
ѪҪ
ţ޴Ȼӿռ֮˳ֱӳѪ֮˹ȥѪͲôҾѪ㻹ûȥ
˶һһˮһѸٵĿʼѪĺˮǱѪ֮ɫ
֮˿ȴǼˣȵ飬ˣѪˮǿĸʴԣѪˮ֮УҲᱻʴڿס֣Ѫ֮ȫĥðΣա
ɼλʦҲǿˣŲѪˮ汾ѾòҶ˿ҲһƬƬЩ֦ҲǱùһɱĲӡ
飬ȻǷŮˣ㿴һ㶼Ѫ֮˿ҲŭȵͬھôúõЩѪˮʱҲ᳹׿ή쵰ǸʲôԻôڶҪΪƴ
ɼ˴˿̶֪ôˣҲʱ֮гӰ
գ

֮һϳˡ
ʵսôãôͲˣֻһֱû˳ֶѡڿպǾʹ˲ˣѪ֮˿Ҳ˻ϣѣϾ˵λʼ֮һûķ
ȫס֣
յЩŭ飬㵽ҪôҪȥôôģ֪ǰɣãҸ㣬Ѫ֮˵ĲǱɱģʱΪʲôҪ㡢սԼں󷽣ǳ£˭ǺͻĹϵá̫˽ˣ볬ѣǴ̫ˣҪ֪ôΪ棬ǱƲѲɱ㲻Ҫ֪ôǵࡣ
ʱԱߵҲڣΪѰ֮ѾĿģ
ʱסˣЩš
Ѫ֮˿̺ǺǴЦ飬ô˽Ķ٣˵Լϲ֪Ҫʲô룬㻹ǿɱһֱڹȫŪ֮䡣Ĳ˵ЩʲôǱĸƭˣΪϲģ˻ĵĹ㲻һͲ³ʲôԲԣȻ֮Ϊʲô׷Ѱࣿ
һ̿ɼҲһ
֮ǰѪ֮˵֪֮ʱʵѾˣѧԺʱǼ֮ҲȻָľЩ
㣬˵Щ䡣
顭֮̾һЩϵӰһԵôƣ֪ǼƻԻֵ֮ʱҾ֪ҵʱҸ㣬㱻ͷԣһԵҲŻһԪԣǵʱԪΪ˴֣϶ҲŹ㡣Ѫ֮Ϳ֮˵ģҪҪ飬ʵҲģսҲ֪
꣡
ҵĶռһ˲ôôܻôⲻģǶƭӣ
֮ЩܿƣǱʵըѿŭ飬ѣΪô꣬ˣΪʲôҶôʵΪģȻҪΪֵܣɱв֣Ҳ㡣һΣֵ̫ˣѧԺҪһΧѪ֮ҪɱѪ֮Ժ㻹Ҫɱ˭һֱѵԻֵ֮ȫɱˣ
֮̾һ飬סְɣĵһֱ㹢ڻ̫пᡣҲ㣬ᷢ裬ǰʱ򣬴ҶΪʱԳ嵭һУû뵽ûУ㷴Ի֮ӵִˣѾΪһִ
ɼҲ໹治粻֪
ЩεĻ׷Ѱ֮ȥ壬ҿˣһ˲յģỳԼΪʲôţԼЩ굽ǸʲôѾЩҪħˡվһ֣Ҫǲϲ֮˵ҲͿһС
ѩӥͬĵ˵ͷĪڵ棬ĿҪˡǻǵһԼɣ֮ˣǲ֪ܻܲɱѪ֮պʲô̬ȣҪǴѪ֮ǿɾΣˡ
޸ҡͷҪǴѪ֮϶ͳˣԲõġѪֱ֮֮شˣǵʤʵ˺ܶࡣ

顭֮Ҫ˵ʲôʱȻ̧ͷ
ãǣҪǱҲ鵽һжƭҵģǵʱҾͺ˲ݡ˵Ǿ沼˪Ҳƭң֪һȴһֱң̫ЦˡԺ㲻ҪңҲټ㡣
һ̵棬Щֲ
ߣѪ֮Ѹ˻˿ɼˣʲôҲ˵ͳ˺ѵĿռȥ
Ҳˡ֮ЩΣ֪ҸôңȻͷˡ
ʱ֮֮ǺѪ֮սǲҪ֡
֮üû˵֮ŭȵѪ֮ҲһԱǶ֣˷ѾɱѪӡ֮Ѫʬ֮ɱѪ֮ôһ񣬶ѧԺɱˣ˭ֿ塣
֮ʱҲڵԪ˼ǲ֮飬սȥѪ֮ȻЩҲҪҲ֪Ԫôģ黹ϣѧԺܵΪֹѪ֮ȻдȣɱλӣҲ㹻ˡ
ɼ˴˿û˵ϵǡ
ѧԺ֮УǵˣڻɱѪ֮ʱ򣬶ԪЩЩǣ˿ûƫκһʵƫѧԺ
ɼʱҲǵ˼
ãǾ͸һӣգԺѪ֮ҪǸҶѧԺѧб´Ǳɱɻ˻־뿪ˣʱѪ֮ҲһսȥĻ䡣
ԪΪʲôҪѧԺѪ֮ȻѧԺԺԲԣ
ң֪֮һܺԼɣȡϣɵѪɣ͵棬ԺϣҪǳΪˣʱ˵ս
Ѫ֮ʱ˵ˣ֪֪ѧԺôǿҲǣʧˡ

ѧԺ֮Уǿ˿λʦ
ɣȥˣ̫ˣһܻŻѾǺˡǿһɣλҲ׼һЩ˵ĵҩһҲץʱȥˡ
áɵ˵ͷԺһ飬˴Ѫ֮Ϳ֮˵ĻŲţ֮Ϊ˳Ҫģ
һ֣ûô򵥡룬֮ʵûдﵽʼǸ̶ȣ볬ѣǸ϶вΪ֪Ĺ£ϾʮһλΧɱĻģɱƾʲôֵʮһλΧɱЦЦھ͵еڣˣöˣЩᱻҿ
Ǿɡɵ˵ͷ뼸λʦһˡ

棬塣
ôˣѯʵѯʵĶǾ
ӵʼѪôģֻҪ岻ʶٴξۺһ̫أûиƺѻָ˵ţȻȥȡһʱ̫ˣҵȲôá
ǣʦ𡣡ʱֻȻԼһεεѪ뵽С


2020 ֮
һԿĶɵˣ޷Ҫʲô
ƺ鲻͵Ҫ֣ϣɼ̳ʼѪʼĶӣͬǼ̳ʼѪܴʼѪѵĳ̶ȺܵͣҾԼѪҺιһ̼ѪʹѪ޸ܵƣѹȻںҵѪҺ֮󣬻ĺôпʹѪеڶξѡ
ԭǵڶѪô£ѾʼѪôЩ֡
ʼѪǿһ嶼޷ܣǼ̳ʼѪѪʵҲǴڳ˯״̬ġйһѪѣǲѪոոգЩǿվ޲ŵڶѣһѾǿվ޴ﵽ˳ɳڣʱӵ۷壬׵壬ΪҲͻƵľ硣Ȼҵ㣬ʵ֮һѪѣһѪѣܻԲʼѪ͵
ѪѡŵһڶѪѵĻϣɾͻƵľ磬ǵѪѵĻϣɵʵܴﵽʲô̶ȣҲɡ
ԼѪιϣɣϣɵϱЩ֮бѪҺҲʼǱһһε࣬һҲʮˡˣϵһЩѪڣһЩѵĹͷҲѸٵ
տʱ䣬ѹ
ǣʦ𡣡
˵ţȻҵֺ

棬ղ֪֮ء
棡
ֻںڰ֮е֮˻˳
һӣϵۼ׶Ǻ˵ɫĽѪλǾӣͬӵľѪ
ҲǱˣֱǽɽ۹Ĵɽ۾Ԫ۹ĴԪ۾˵۹Ĵ˵۾ԼһʼϾһʼ档
Ҳǳ֮⣬ǿˡ
˵ͷǶ֪˰ɣȥһ棬ʼѪ̳ϣɽ˻ϣʼѪʵ˵Ӧ˴ˣҪһʱѡҲ֪ԸԸع飬ԸĻǶʼһǿս
ʼѪǱܴ󡣡ʼ滺ڣ˵ǱѧԺģҵʱعѧԺ
ѧԺٵĶعѧԺҲ֡ʵϸ̽ĹѾȫѧԺӵһ飬ûѧԺʵûڵϣɣѧԺȴǺģѧԺˣֱӾͰǶΪࡣ񻺻˶Щ⣬ʱҲ˵Щϣѹ飬˵˵ڵ
ʼʱ̾һľϵڼٵطڻÿ춼в֪˲ǵ棬ڳ濿ȫ顣浽һ죬ǻ޷ǵֻлǵ᳹ʧ
ɽ۾ʱŭԹ˺ܶ취иǺвͨġ˺ƽദЩ۵ĳԹֻ볹ǡȻˣҪ˵ǿףǵҲҪҡ
˵۾ҲǵЩ˶ƭӣţ棬Ǳ뿿Լ棬˵ʼ˺֣ǵڣǵ涼ҪˣʼĺȴǻûֳǲƭǵģʱǻǲҪĴˣʱѾĴˡ
ҲǳĬĴʲô㣬Ƕ֪
ȻҲӵʵڵʮλȣǲ̫Զˡټ˵ҲԶǣսĿ϶ʼ档
ЩأҲûƭǣʼȷ˺֡ʼ䣬һ֣һѪӦþڵϣɣȫ֮ȥ˺ǸǿĻ֮֮ӦҲʼ֮У֮ȥʼΪ֮󣬺Ȼ˷ٴش˵汾Դʹʼڡ˵ʵҲûŪףֻ֪ײʱ֮˺һѷ죬ѷӵ֮ʱգʼʱǰȥһ̽һǺǶȴǲɣҲ֪ȥ
˶һŻ顣
ʼ뿪棿ʼ浹һҾȻȫ֪飬Ǻʼ˵֮ûУЩ֮׷ĳѣ棬û뵽ʼ
ǵģʼܣʵǸʱ̣ܶײʱʱңʼȥ֮Ҳһʱ䣬ǸʱڣǹȥҲһʼʱȴǲδн֮ʲôأΨһ˵һ仰ǣ֮дֲž񻺻Ҿʼкֻ֣Ǿʲôȴöԡ
⻰Щˡ
ˣЩ֪ɣʱ̹עĶҪעһˣǸʳ֣ҪϣɵؼһܸоǸЩϤü֪ǲҵĴҸоǸЩǡ
˵ҡҡͷӦǲܵ飬ǲ˵ˡ
ʼ漸Ҳ뿪ˣһιǵջĴ󣬶ҲһЩġ

˿̵ѧԺ֮Уǻæš
˪˶˵ϣܹҾԷˣʵʵǻ棬һˣ֮УѾȫͣݰ֮֮Ѿ˿в
һֺ෴ǿ󣬶ҹĪ⣬ͨת򣬸ıʺ˪˵ţһŵİĻͣγһЩҪҵһϣܰɵʲôʣ¡
ͻƵʵѣҲûرõķǵ򵥵ķʵںڵİ棬Ļͱ棬Ϊ汾ԴĴڣ׶ʵ̫󡣻еһַǾܻ棬ǰ֮к飬û飬֮Ҳ߲ͨģͻ֮ٸһ£Ӧа취ġ
ĿǰҲֻˡ˪ЦЦǲô⡣
Ҳû˵ʲôǧ֮󣬺ɾƻָˣ󲻵ǧ꣬Ͷѩӥָ̻ơ
һǧʱϣˣһҲǲˡ
ʦˡ
ڵһʱ䣬Ϣ
ϣɵס˿̵ЩԺҲôôںֻ˹ôȫо汾ԴĴڣ֡ҵҲȫָˣΪҲָ˴롣
ţվƿ˹Ĵš
⣬
ţ
ϣɻʶŵģŵһ˲䣬ƺˣԭǾңӦþŵʦɣҴϸоϤѪϢ
˵ͷҾǾʼĶӣ㰴յ˵Ӧýһ硣
磿
ϣסЩӦŸɵˡ
ЦЦѵӦôʵʼֱϵĶӣѪ̳ߣСôֻ꣬ܵܵˡ
ϣڨڨĻû磬Щܲˡ
߰ɣǳȥġ
ϣѹȻЩҪ˵뿪ˣʱǲҪˡ
Ĺ㳡ϣϣʱ򿴵һܣʱһ
ʼ棡
ǵܣ͵ؾһֻоһһԪ֮ǰĿͶ˹
ֿ˿ʼòĺ
Ȼ񰡡Ҳ૵ʵϸ˵ʼĶЩʵʼûӵģҲһѪѣļ̳ȫѪȻԳΪʼĶӣȴǲҳƺΪף㲻һǿԵġ
ϣɲÿɷ񣺡ҶЩȤллңҲǾˣҲ뵱ʲôʼļ̳ߡڣʵֻصѧԺȥ
ЩΣͲµϣѹŻѧԺҲֱ̫ˡԼͻȻһϰ֣ϣһøжûС
ʱѵĲ˽һʼô
һϣɳĬˣ̳ʼѪҪ˵˽һʼ飬Ǿƭ˵ġ
ʼʲôˣʵֹһεѯԼ


2021 Ϣ
ϣЩɣѾԹԵĽ˵ʼ棬ӴҸƺ֪ˣʼһĳʼʼѪԴͷʼԼҲ˵浮ĵһڻ֮УʱһƬãֶϱʱռ䣬Ҳʱʼƿ棬ʱգְԼѪ֮Уǲʼ档˵ʼʼĴ֮񡣡
ϣһЩ𾪣񣿡
ЦЦʼ洴飬ǲǾ壬˾壬˽壬Լܻ塣ʼͬһտŸ壬ʼ棬Ҳ˿ԱĴڡ𽥷չʼȴֱײһʼٴǸʱʮλǿʼ滹СҶ߱սҲǸʱʼƾԼһ˵սʮλ˵ػ档
ԭģʼĺʮλֹһʤˡʼѾôǿˣôֻأϣɺ֣⣬һֱҲûףмǲֳʲôʣ֮˵ҵʼ㣬ô
Ȼʼ˺棬Щܸ㽲Ҳࡣʼ֮ƺõģҲʼԼ˵ҵʼ㣬ʵҲûеӦѾµˣʼʲôǱˣЩΪǶҲʼΰĵط
ʼ浽ôģϣü
ʼ治ɱޣ˵ʱЩ£Ҳ֪ʼ˴ʲôЭ飬˺Ȼ˶ǵ֣ۿžҪƽǽŲʼͻȻ䣬涯֮ҲˡҲǳʱʼŵõһٷչ˻ʱѾλսǱȴҲЩŹʣµʮλìܣ޷ϵһ飬Ҳֻܷǿ˳ײӣ뵽֮С
ԭʼ澹Ȼ޶ֲ˵Щ˼˵Ҫ˵ȥֱǳ衣ϣЦʼΪʲô޶̫ˣʲôԭʼԼѵΪЩ
ǸʱǵѾʼˣǻȥʼԸɱҲ֡
ߣʼʵֱɱ棬ȡһƬطӦҲѰɣΪʲôҪɱңҾԲɱҾȥռ棬ʱ˭ʤ˭һءϣЩʼ
˵ôףʼȻǿ󣬿汾Դʼ뵽棬Ȼܵ汾ԴƲãʱһ֮ԸֻͶѡ͵ͱϹˣʼǻۣ϶ͿǵЩѡ޶ȻűɣԼҲһСʵʼ䣬ʼҲͱ̲ˣЩʼ֮еҲ͸òˡ
ˣҲʼ棬˽ЩҲٺ˵ʼ飬ҾѧԺ֪ԸԸһȥϣɵ
صѧԺ顣
汾ԴҪα汾Դ֮ҿѧԺЩ꣬ϣʼ棬úõؿ棬ǿΣӵʼѪЩʼĺ飬ְɣ
汾ԴҲ飬ʱ䲢̫
ϣɿڴԥ˺ܾãջǵ˵ͷǺãЩʹʼ棬ȵ汾Դ֮һҪѧԺ
Цŵ˵ͷ
ţʹϣĸߣ汾Դαʱڰͻ
ǣʦ𡣡
˵ţϣ΢΢һЦӣҪ׼ˣʱԳ
ϣû˵ʲôž뿪ˡ

ţǱߵô£ϣɿǸϵڱ磬϶˾֮ɫΪ׵һߣӵŲһ׵Ϊ˿ȴǴͷ
һ̮ĴСѾ֮ǰ֮һˡ汾Դ̮ٶҲˣ̮֮λ׷֣֮ڿľһ磬аʮ֮ȫŵ

ϣɵһ֪⻹ǻЩǶûпġ
ΪʲôǣϣüƺҲЩŭǾԼ񣬾ͿЩͨȥǲǣ
ӣ뵽ȥˡʵʼʱĶȥЩΪʱţһ绹ǻˣôǰҲľˡų̾һȻһԭ治ϵ̮Ҫϵȥȥͷųӻ̮ٶȣ֤ʣ˵ȡΪǺΪôôǿģʵΪʼˣĸؼᣬǲͻƾ硣
ϣɾˣԭո˵ЩʱȻһûʶеϵ
ʼˣǲܱǿ⿴ûϵʵȴǹϵˡ
ñڵ棬ʮλѾǼˣû䣬˾ͺٴﵽ硣
̫ˣַʲôǲһ㣬սʸûУΪʼȴֻѡԼ̫΢ˡϣɻһʱؿڶЩƣʼΣû뵽ÿʼǼƷʱпܻᱻ׼
ӣǼ߰ɣĵطкܶ࣬ǣҲȲġ̾һ

ʱĹȥ汾ԴʱԽԽѾܸо汾ԴɢĿϢ
һ汾Դ֮֮⣬ȻǸʱҲͳײˣѧԺʵⲢʲô¡ΪѧԺױ¶֮УԺԸѧԺȫֱӶѧԺ֡Ȼ汾ԴҲһ޴Ļ汾ԴʱѧԺ϶ܽͻƵ񾳽磬ñպλʦǼʮþȵġǵ
һα֮֮Ҫ֮һࡣԺĻͻƵ񾳽磬Ҳǰôˣ֮ĺǴҵҲԽԽ̣ܵʱٻһǧԪɵ
һ⣬汾Դ汾ԴƬܿһͻƵ񾳽磬ʱ֮У񾳽ǿĿҪѩӥ˵
½ǳ̾һ
Ժһǲʮþˣ϶ͻƾ磿ѯʵ
ɣЩյġǵʵ֪һҪԼ޷ͻƣѾ޷סڵľˣѧǱأͻƾô
񾳽ĵǲ٣˻ͻƵ񾳽ģûһ޸ѧǱϾʱ仹̫̣Ҫٵȵȡ
ȻͲµ˻Щʧ
ʱɣˣһҵһϢ˵ڵ汾Դ֮ҽϾ壬ҪˡǺȻɫЩ˵ĻֱڸԼѹԼҪͻƾ硣
Ժе̫ˣһ㵽ʱ޷ͻƣɾûˡȰ
νɹʣҾҪԼѹʱȫȫȥͻƾ硣ҲҪһ㣬ɶʱû׼ˣͻ֮ѧԺ֮ӦþͲκˡЦЦˣ˵ȥǣҲһˡ

ŲãϢʹ˳ȥϢ
һϢȻ汾Դα֮ռѧԺ֮ǰͷ汾Դʱ˿ͻƾ磬ϢһΪ֮
ڶϢȻ˵ˣѧԺԺҪڵ汾Դ֮Ͼ壬ֱ˭̫ˡ
ô˵ʼ滹ĵ̣Ͼ壬ȥô
ͬʱľ֮УҲЩ㵣ѧԺԺҪҪ˰⵨


2022 汾Դ
֮УҲ˳˼
ѧԺԺһֱأûһξȻȻҪϾ壬ʮ㡣ҲãڰУ˭֪ʵΣǴ˴ߵǰʵҲ֮ǰôˡ޹֮Уһӳǻ֮ϴαǵԺȨȻˣЩ¡
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һ̶òȶסϵĿռ䣺汾Դʼˡ
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ͬһʱ䣬˷ź֮ʱ޹֮Уһ˵ĺɫᴩ档
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֮૵ϳͻ֮ˡ


2023 ͻ
һͻƵ񾳽˳ˣһô죬˶Ǿޱȡ
ĵӣѾ񾳽ͣǧԪͻޱȻ񣬴˴汾ԴͻƵ񾳽Ҳ֮Сһ˵ɾҪֶһλˣȻֹܻҲлͻƵġ֮
طҲһЩǶС˺ܶ࣬ЩͻƵ񾳽ġ
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׼ôණһأͽкܴĻͻƵ񾳽硣ĻϴαѧԺش̫أ϶ܵӰ졣˵ϧգ̣һ̾ʮþһ˿ͻƵ񾳽ˡô꣬󷴶ѧԺʵǿЦǧ֮̾һЩڲ
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ԽԽ˿ʼͻƾˣǱӦѧԺķɣԪȻһ
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ֱӴһûжӦȫħ֮УʱҲ˲ˣԼͻƾ绹ûȹ̶ˣһ͵ոǰȻץԼǿ컯յ档
һ컯Ҳ֪áҲһ컯ϣ컯תԺǶɲҪʧ˲źá˵ţɴֱϥԱߣȻʼת

ѧԺǱͻˣ֪ͻƵ˭ǿӲգӦλʦϴǽ֮УںһѪȻûͻƵ񾳽磬ȴѾӵ壬һ޶˴ͻƵĻʵջҪסϾǴ̳ģϵӡǺģһεͻƣ϶Ӱ죬ҪܳŹȥôһξǶһξϵϴӺĥ£Ժ֮
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汾ԴƬʧ֮󣬴͸һλ棬һſŵ֮ϡ
һ汾ԴƬ֮ǰκһεĶҪ޴󣬵Ҳӵˣˣ˿̷׷׵õ˴Ե
һ쾳ΪƤ·Ųñɽϣơڵ򲢲ʲôߵ򣬴СҲôҲǵôѣȻֻз쾳ΪȴѾŵϵˣϾϣߵΪҲ⾳˴汾Դʵһ޷֪ġ
쵽ҪضɽҡģûꡣһҰݣߺߵ˵⾳ܷɳҲ֪ĻǼٵġҪΪҾܵ濴Ƿʲô顣
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򷨹һΪ汾ԴһֵķѾԲôųˣһĻȱһʲôʲôأţȴǶȻ汾Դ򻹴ţȻʧȥ˶ҵֻҪһ죬һӦöܡ̫ˣʧˡ
汾ԴֻҪʧǵСˣ۳ڶ汾Դ򣬲סΪ滹ֻһֻҪ֮Уǻܵǯơ
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߲Ŀռ׷ѿ߲Ŀռ˲ںϵһ飬Ϊһһ
汾Դ¶ԼĺģһɫĺڰԲ򣬿Ʋ󣬵ȴ̺ޱȿֲ
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⣬ˣҲһĻҪͻˣǴ˿ȴȼϣ汾Դָʱһ۳ڶ汾Դ򡣡


2024 Ԫʵ
汾ԴҪ֮нѳ͸Ļᣬʱ泹ʧȥ汾Դļܡ
ʱȥͻƾ磬ȵʲôʱ
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һˣΪֹûκ⣬֮ǰһʱԵĸоһų֮֮͸ʹúķ޷뵽Сһκܴĸܹɹں϶ҵľҲֻܴһĹҸоҵ֮ɡã׼һЩǿ֮ĵҩȻֲܶںϳɹţ̷ŵҩ͸оԼָ֮˴һɡ
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ԲΣѧԺλ񣬿λѧԺȫ⡣
ڶѧԺеֻȵѪ֮϶ͺ޲ѧԺ
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ԽԽķںϣٶҲԽԽ졣
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Ǵ˿ѾһԹߵĽǶȿһУȫҪˡ
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Ҳ֪ϵͳЩɵִֻߣһγһ֪Щ
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ΣˣԼȥ顣㲻֪ҲһеҲǼˣǼ˶һĻӦòѡ㣬㶼ܴ񾳽ǿߣ㻹ãȻܼΪҷ񡣡
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汾ԴͲԼǻۣҾ˵ӦĵģֱΧɱ汾Դ˵ˡսʱȤôں˰ɣΪ˰ɣϧˣȻЦѡ
ұ죬һԪսŭ
ս֮һֻоһǿԼֻҪٸ˵ƺҪɱһսҲɵӣԪͷϣԼǲҪˡ
ҲǱԪͳ˾ηոԪֵĳǾ£ڵԪжǿ
Ԫġʱ˵ʵǲģԪѾԶԶǰ档
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ԪȻôǿոȻܶԿ汾Դʵ汾Դ㹻ǿĻҪߣֱӳֵĻЩ˭Ķ֡ȻһжΪԪԪ˵ԪһԿǣӦ㹻ˡɳҲˣô֮еܣԪˣ뾯裡
˵Ԫ᲻ǹߵ汾Դ򣿡
ⲻôԪҪ汾ԴӦöҪ¶ԼʵɣѩӥҡҡͷҾӦþԪʧˣû뵽汾ԴֱӴ֮нѳӦǴһЩƻ
ҲδأֻԪһֵʵءȴǵЩϼһһıǶݣ˭֪Ǵʲô⡣Ҳ֪ԺǱôˣԺҪܹͻ˻ãԺҪͻƲˣѧԺ϶Ҫ鷳ԪѧԺôãӦöԺЩɵģʵ¶ˣôҲѧԺˡҲһֻҪƣѧԺǱܲһ
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һ汾Դˣ˭


2025 ͻ
ȫԣֻЩ֡
֮ʱ򵭵Ӧ汾Դոհڽĳֱ仯ϧѭⲨҵ汾ԴλãȻһϣл汾Դġ
ڵ汾Դ򾭹εıѾ֮ǰ֮һ
ȫʢʱڵ汾Դ򣬱˵ЩһϣټҲֻбķݡʼ涼޷棬Ǳ汾Դ壬Ǳɡ
Ǹʱ汾Դ򣬿Բһ汾Դʹ̫ˡ
汾ԴȫиʹܲȶһЩطĿռܻܿڵһǱһ취ֱֹȻȴֻл𡣡Ԫ˵ţʱҲҲܿ죬ҲҪֻҪԼ֮ڣ治ͲԼˣҪΪԼĺ¡
˵ţԪ뿪ˡ
Ԫ˶ٶ汾Դ򵽵ʲô̬ȣ֮ţԪ˵Ļˣ취Ҿõİ취ǰ汾ԴץȻĨǣƹת
̫ˣǴһ֣ȻôץĻ̾һ
ûпʼҲûʲôѹܶʵûеһ¡
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֮Уʧˣӵɢռ֮С
ˣ߲ռҲȫѣϲһ顣
ڵĿռ߲ռӣռǿȴӣԲ޷ƿռˣ⻹ֻǿʼſռȫȶʱܲƿռ䶼˵޷ƿռĻռŲƷ治ܵӰ죬սĻɴΧĿռͲˡ
ɼʱҲһʱصѧԺѾѧԺſڵˡ
Ѿ֪ˣ汾ԴѾѳˣ֮ǰҶΪеĴε汾Դڿûˡ汾ԴʱһЩ汾ԴƬкüʮƬ֮࣬п˳Ϊġעһ£û䵽ɽģЩϧǵôӵĺˮѧԺһ֣̺ȫϵʮʱϵҲһʥˣԺϵٶ߱A츳
ջԣҿĹɺڤҲ׳˲٣ҲҪԳһˡֻЩʲôսۻڤۣﲻʲôæҪѧԺĸ߶սѧߵĻЩĴս֮ǰлͻƵģѧԺⷽԴҪѡԵбˡɵѾʶԺľʲôӵģ˵Ժ˴ǲѾͻ˾磿ϾԺѧԺĹؼڡ
˴˿̿ǣЩ
ǻ֮󣬿ǵʱ򣬸ӵЩˣƺǶѾһʱ֮ˡ
ܺãһĪչҪʱ汾ԴָˣʱƿزĳʧҲǳᣬзںϡĻѾ򷨹һֻһԳ֮Ϊڶ汾Դƾ˷Ѿ߱ʵܲԪһսƻһЩЦЦʵҲЩظ
޷ͻƣԺƶҪͷˡ
ڶ汾Դ򣿹ȻôҪԺϵĽô
һЩûϵֻҪԪ˲׶ѧԺ־УǾͰȫˡ
Ժ׼ǰ壿

żλʦĻ룺ʱǰ壬Ҫϣھ岻ΣգֻкôûҪŰӻףǱ߳һЩ⣬ǻһȥɡ
գôˣߡһԴѾһطѾͻ˾磬ƺ˴鷳
˵ţҲҵֱڵλöȥ
գѡͻƾ磬Щǻ󣬶ħֻҪ㹻ᶨЩȫһȵմħ״̬ѹһû뵽㾫˵Ĵⶼ̵Ĺ̵̫ⷽˡ
ջûͻƣǵʱҲ˼ˡ
Ժˣ̫ˡ𼤶Щħˣǿһ¿а취ħ״̬֮лѹΪħڵ״̬ܲãбķգҪǱˣԶˡ
յԣҲЩΣͷⷽ⣬̵ʱĴ̫٣Լֲ̫飬⵼ʵءҰԵǧ䣬Ȼûȫ⡣ͻƵĹؼʱЩѹȫ˿ҲΪͻƵϰ
Ժô죿ҲǼˣ˵õһͻƵģͻ˾磬ȴǶ֮Σ
컯أôǳһ£ŵҩħܰħ״̬ѣҼǵҸһһŰɡ
ˣҵǿѾˣҲһᣬֻ˭֪ѹ֮󣬾ԼûˣͻҪͻƾ磬ˡε֪ѹ֮͸ֹռͻˡ
֡ЩͻƲ˴˾ͲͻˣҪðŷռͻƣֱȥǸһ
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ʱҲɣʶͽ뵽յʶ֮УһǾԲҽʶģΪǱ˵ĵ̣һԷ뷨ùľԼˡ
˿յʶ֮УӰ
ף
ĸף
ǿʲôһϱڲԫķ֮УһСк£޵˺ѷΡ
գСʱĳĸĸ֮δκ
ˣȫӡĵ
үǿߣٲ߾ˣԺΪүͷ˱𡣡ľţվӣŻȻһת
ס֣ԴϡգԴϣǧˡһص
֪ˣҽգԴҵϡյ˵ͷһֽ棬дԼ֣ô
ǵģԣϰǼҴĵһְ˽ءЩԺֻǰһ֣ЩҪ⾳Ϊ
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գϢϢˣĸ׸ѩһŮ˹յĸס
ллˡ˷ܵ˵

ǿһУĬˣʱһˣ˲ǱˣڵգҲھؿһС
̾һЩȥˣʱһֱͣһĻҲûκε塣һΪħˣǿǹⲻͻƣΪ˿ЩһЩ䡣ҲԣʱЩ䶼ֳҲֻʱ򣬲ܿ
ԺҶû뵽ִȻҵĸĸΪѾһУԺ֮ûǵκμ䣬ǽһֱˡյҶԲҵĸĸ뿴һۣļ֮УôݳޡʵԺ֪ܲЩͻƵ˲䣬ʱ䳤֮ץȡģĲҵİǸˡ
һ̶֪˵ʲôˡ
ʮԪ֮ǰļôôңԶʱץȡЩӰҲֻʱշܹˡ
˵Щȷʵ󣬵ȷǣܲãٲͻƵĻܻΣաЩͻƵ񾳽磬оһ£ܴܲʱ䳤֮УȥҾһ˼Ŀ⡣ǵˣҳȥˣ֪ⲻħ⣬Ҳûʲôˡ
ǵʶ˳ʱ˶Χ
ħһЩԸѡѾѹˣӦþѡǻδ䣬һǿϢȻƿռ䣬ʱո͸ȥٵɫ΢䣬ȸӦЩϢ
ͻƵ񾳽ˣʱշ򣡡֮ţԾؿѧԺķ򣬡ӦǸհɣʱշ򶼺ǿǰʱܲһֶܳΪǿߣñڵʱ֮Ϳ֮ˣڶͬʱ֡ܰʱ䷨ռ䷨򵽼£֪ܲܺԪһսڵԪ̫ǿˡ
գ֮ҧҧȻĵӣɴ˿ͻƣֻзŭ
طҲ
֮Щ汾Դ򶼱ˣôͻƵ񾳽磬Ǽˡ


2026 ҵ
ͻƣѧԺʦǶǳһ
ڴһ֮ջ۾ϢҲȶԺиλʦǵˡû뵽һεͻôգԼħʦҷһ컯˭֪ͻƵʱĿһЩԼѾǵӰ񣬲֪棬ٳٲԸֱԺˣʵЩ
λʦЦȷʵĻˡ
ˣͻ˾ͺãڵĲĵģڿѧԺʦҲϣͻƾ硣
˵һӼԺѧԺаλɾżʦˡĿǰҲʮλ棬ԣӦʮλˣҲεĻᣬͻ˾磬۵սĻѧԺӦѾˡ
ǰѧԺ֮һǿˣ˭ҲСƣڣѧԺչʱ䶼һԪ

һ̶ЩԺѧԺķչĺܿ졣
һУʶ棬һѧԺˡ
ʦ컯һŸˣҵһŻ㡣ʱóһŵҩħʱ򣬶ûлõҩԼǿŸ
ЦЦøˣԺģֱӻԺˡ
Ժ㡣
ðɣԺŵҩַѧʹá
˻컯󣬶ѧԺͻҲдõģñҪͻƾ磬ǿ϶Ҫһ컯С

λʦصѧԺѧԺѧѾ֪λʦͻƵ飬ѧԺǷˡ
λʦڵһЩγ̣˿ҲǷ׷ױ
ڶҪȶ磬Ҳǣǰ꣬Ǽǧ棬ڿεʱʵܶࡣ
澭һαԴ϶ޱȻ˵ģһε汾Դ֮У֪ж˵õ˻ں汾ԴƬгΪĲ֪Щһҹӵǿ֮󣬴˿϶ᰲƽ˻ΪһѧԺΪһƬػߣҪػϵҪػɽǧͿ̿˵õǿΪΪһ飬԰ʦѧǰȥá
ǽȰźЩ֮ҲҪݵıչء
ˣٸһϢ˵һͻǰ塣룬ţӦò࣬һʱܹҵΪȶˡ
ˡλʦ˵ͷ

ǽ뵽˱չ֮У˿̵Ѿ֮ǰȫһˡ
˴ͻ֮ǵˣÿһϸӵһϵĴСһϸĻӵаڵϵռ䡣ΪάЩϸתÿʱÿ̶ž޴ЩԱĵط¯Ѿ۷¯һʣЩʻΪ֮
Կ˿¯֮һž޴Ǵ粶׽ģʶһķֽ⣬ΪĻһҪĵһ
۵ĻӦԶһӵоŰپʮϵĴǧ֮еҲھŰٸˡǳҪĻһǧ൱һǧǧۼӣһǧһǧСǧĵӣԾŰپʮǧʵǾھǧСǧһϵѾһСǧСˡ
ǣӵаڵϵռ䣬ֻЩûɱѡ
˿νЩռ䡣

ѧԺҲתš
ھɽһٸĵطһϵϵڳһں汾Դ񣬴Էħ棬ۣͻ֮󣬾Ȼūһ壬һŮȫΪУȫ䵽󳡡ˣ˴˲ѧԺɺӼŵķɴǺܶʣȥѴץͶ뵽֮Уҷֱɱ

˵ţֱӴѧԺ뿪Ȼʱձãϵ
򣬻ԼոĹһ鱨һ岢ˣѧԺģ߻ǵϵЩġôԱ⵹ЩơħԵɺںһ񼶱ıԴƬӵΪҲûĶ֡ӵôǿΪȥ֮ǰһİŮȫӶߣΪĺ֮һȫΪ˹ʵЩ̫Եˡ
Ҳͷһμ
ԭģϵһĽ򣬶һ干˿ڣвʮߵĲǿѾӵ˲ླ߽׵ΪҲľ硣ħڴ˴汾Դʱͻ˾磬ʱԭͲˣֱӾͱħˣħλΪһס
ʵʩŮӶһգʮЩӶŮȫУ֣Ϊܺں汾ԴƬΪҲûʲôǿ츳ѪҪŴԷֳҲôѡֻǹȥ꣬ӵó˰ˣֱ˵ǿֲٶȣʱһ嶼ĺá
ʱ򣬻ûȥħ棬͸ܵǿϢ
ֻ֮УھһսһʮλһˣӺʮŮӣоλλΧסһŻʹڵӡ
Ӵ˿ȴޱȣΪƾǵɱңǳ˵ΰˡϾͰ⼸ӸɱˣǣҲɱǣǰץȥǸӣΪΧɱңǸ˺ܴĴ۰ɣȻǰͰӵΪ磬ҲҪǧܡ
ʮ˶ɫѿΪΧɱħ棬Ѿ㾡ȫ
ħ棬ˣʮ⣬һιʮ˶űľģΪľɱ㣬ûһһ̫ƽһŮŭȵλսʿΪδɱħ档
ɱʮҲǴ
ǳħȥǵȷħĶ֣ħں񼶱汾ԴƬʱ䲢ħΪʵʵ񾳽硣ʮȻҲøֶΰΪ磬֮УҲڵ׵ĴڣһȺս
ֻǼغʮӾͱħ׵ĸնɱˡ
ħ˿̴Цλ̫ˣԹ־ܣȥӡ
ⲻʮλŮҲǷˣֱǳ衣
ʮڽһٸغ֮ڣȫħſ£һ㷴
ǣҪսʮǶġħ˵ţһӾʮŮӾҪ뿪ɾʱȴǷֿռȻˣʮŮҲһȻƺϣ
ʱ֮˳
ħ棬Ӧþˣ֮ǰʱЩɣ֮ѵô̬ļһôۿΪ֮ǲòˡ񵭵˵ţһͻˣȻŮӾΪУͬǸΪ˹ѾǿˣǱ̬ôǲǶЩ棬֪ҵݣ
ǿħҲɵӣͻƵ񾳽֮ЩеģҲ񣬺һں汾ԴƬ
ԭ㻹֪汾ԴƬһΪʲôءȻ֪ͲӦšˣʽһ£ѧԺоѧĿǰרŸͻȻӵǿΪ֮󣬲úõĹţҪļһҲ㣬ں汾ԴƬеΪ񵭵
ѧԺħ뵽ʲôɫ΢䣬˵ǣǲԶôôᵽҵ顣Һԩ޳ҪԸң
һǿߣΪ̫ģѧԺһ˵ڶ治ԩ޳˼ѧԺɺӼŵķɴҲ⣬ǺܲңΪѧԺɹע⵽㡣̯̯֣˵ˣԼߣѧԺܷǵץȥ
ץңΣħһӵôǿΪ֮󣬿ͷĺܣûĶ֡
ѧԺ˾һ塣ʱЩץŮǰƺϣ


2027 ϣͻ
ЦЦû˵ʲôħһץץ˹ȥ
ֻ֮Уǹⶼγһֱ۴ϸǹһ㳯ħȥ
ħɫ΢䣬ֻоƺһ̵뵽һɵ֮Уһ
Ƕѵܱǿô࣬ô㣡һгһƣɢںɫĹâŨĺҹң룡
ǹײһ飬˼̶ƿ
Ʋϵػ裬ֵסǹʱħһҾ˵ôĲ಻ôҲץסҸܡ˵ʵӦǱǿһЩһκβ֮΢һ̨£žܰˡ
ڣħ澹Ȼûйߵ뷨ϵϼңĵ̣Բ뿪
Щ£Ҳ˰ˡʱ΢΢һЦħ棬ոͻƵľ磬ǽ汾ԴƬԵʣ㱾ĻûκεͨҲЩֲڣץ㣬޷
˵ţһͺȣ
ʱֻǱǹǰκȻըϸ˿Щϸ˿ֱ˶棬һӾͰѶƸεǣסˡħ淴ӦǶƾͱǹϸ˿ûˡ
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ħʶ˲ʱǹ˿Ѿ˳ŶħֱۣŰȫסˡ
ǿ֮УǳҲͬʱޱȵĹâ
ô£ôܣħתȫǵͨ죬ȴǷԼѲǹ쵰ңȻһˣÿ
ԺûˣҪ׷ˣѲˡһǹǧ򣬲˵Щ̺ǳ֮жǿ󣬾Ǻ˵ĺܣڱסϹЩ򡣶ˣûУͺֻ̫࣬أ˵ţߵħߡ
ħۣ
ллλ˰壬Ҵһл˵ľ֮һŮ˹
֮Ͱˡ룬һħѧԺܷͲﶺˣҲָ򡣡
ǣˡֻǴˣħȥ֮Ժ󲻻ٷɣŮЩġ
ҹһ֮ڣ޷ˣҵͷŵʱûԵĸı䣬Ҳܴ֮뿪ǲõġ˵ţץħǣ֮еǹ⳯ѧԺķȥ
ʱļ˻Ǹоһ
ħޱȣ˿ɵУҲһȶΪǿˣ˭֪ѧԺλĴ棬Ȼһ֮СҼǵλ˻˵ֻѧԺһѧɣ֪ѧԺʦָжôǿ˵ǻǵ֮ǰ֮гֵĻôѧԺģֻǵʱһûӣҲûȥμѧԺˡ룬ѧԺͶҲħڼǰ͸ñץˡ˳̾һѧԺôģҾбҪȥμѧԺĿˡ
ҲĬȻ
ħ뿪֮ȴһƬ
ˣ㻹ҪҶáҸոʱ͵ˣ˼ҲΪħɡԺ˵㣬ں汾ԴƬʵѸ٣˴Ϊľħ汾ԴƬɡ˵ţǰǿ֮гһӣǿˡ
ڨڨ˵ʵĲǺԸѧԺ˴򽻵Ҳûа취˹ؼʱԲһ·βҸ˵ħø
񾳽磬ǲѾˣоˣЩ棬ƾѧԺû˵ս汾Դ֮ɱλں汾Դʮλں汾Դȡǵ汾ԴƬãԸЩ˶ʮ֮ѧԺҲ㣬ȻĻѧԺץ¡
֪ʵԺģԺҳ֣ͰץˡʵһֱܸмԺģȻҵһо󣬵ȴҲĽ̻˺ܶĶǵڣȻǵԺĽ̵Ժ˵񣬲ΪҪһ֮֮ģҿɶǼǵ˵ΪЩͻƵ񾳽磬ӦͿԴˡθ㣬ҲǶʲô⣬ħ汾ҵٳȡ汾ԴƬͻˣץȥʵЩ᲻á
˶ѧԺʦѧʵǱϹϾġ
ȻѧԺˣڲѧԺԾӣԺԸȥﻹǺԸġ
ʶ֪࣬˵ʵȻˣħ͸ˡ˵ţſһӣͰħӸ˿ˣͻ˾֮ԸѧԺϴԺҲԭ㡣
ʱ˵ɡ˻Щ£ǵĻȥٸǵС󣬡ΣǺܸл㣬ħңô죬صѧԺ𲻺ý
ҽʲôȥʱħѾץˡ˵ţʧӰˣֻ¿Щҡ

ĵطѧԺʦѧץ˲ˡ
Աĵط˵ѧԺΧһǧ֮ڣûɶĻңѧԺҲԽԽʢ
ʱľ塣
ϣɣ׼ҲˣԽеڶεѪˣ˴ξ֮㽫̳ʼųɵѪΪҲ˳ƴﵽľ磬ܽеξѣﵽǸΣǱȽѵġ˵ϻˣ۵Ѫˣ׼ѪѣԼͻƾ硣
ԱߣųĬˡ
˲֪֪ΪѪ񻨷˶Ĵֵֵ֪ۡΪϣɺܿǻعѧԺģųԺΪĵˡ
֪뷨Ҳʼ״֪ǵܲףЩ飬İĪͻƾ磬ĴмԺлᣬһرϣ˵ץѪͻƾĻᣬܴˡ
Ժ飬Ժ˵˵ţ˻ִ뿪ˡ

ϣɳĬãʼԼҪһ
û֪ϣɴ˿̵飬û֪ϣԺǹʱϣɻ᲻뿪ƺЩôȷˡ
ʦӴ˶ѧԺ̫һֱҪصѧԺѧԺԺҲ˵Ҫӻȥʱ䵽ڶǧˡͻƾ磬ҪĻѧԺʧˡңѧԺΪеĻӵʱδػվߡЩĵǲ˵ЩĻʵ̲ס
ϣ̫ˣŵˮһա
ϣҪصѧԺǾȥɡԺǲѡΪУӦòᣬͱˡ֪Ϊʲôϣôãʵ˵ԭûôӣΪʼѪʼѪ̳ߣҰһ񡣡룬֮㲻ҪôˣǵҪҲǰﲻϣɾͿԽġ
ðɡų̾һ˵ʲô

תۣǧ߰ȥ
˽һ꣬һڳˣĵһʱ䣬ѧԺļλɾżʦ֪ˡ
ǿ硣
Ժ׼ȥˣ֮ڹעĶ򡣴ҶԤеˣ˴ؽһսЦǺǵʵǱȲԪӦûҪ֮ʱ֮ǿһЩģȻ治ᵽڻûб
ʼ̳ʼĴ󲿷ˣΪ֮һĴڣıԴӰӣʵȻСһսĻҾʤҲ˵ˣֻҪ㹻ĴӦþͲѡսסЦЦûôϾҲǽһͺѺõĻҴߣ뿪
⻰̲סЦҪǺˡ
ڼ˵ʱ򣬺ȻңԶ֮дһǿϢϢͨѧԺüλʦЩɵۡ
ǺѧԺйϵͻ˾磬ѧԺѧɳǸ洫ģ⡭
ϣɣͻƵ񾳽磬û뵽ΪôıǮţɫ΢䣬ͬʱҲоˣֻǷϣɵʱǶ±ˡ


2028 ʼ
ǰѧԺͻƵ񾳽磬һϣɣѧԺ汾Դ֮ͻƵ񾳽硣
ϣɣȫ涼֪ӵʼѪܾһѪϣɾͻӵսʱѧԺʵָжǿڣϣͻ֮ҲһҪǿĶࡣ
Ǽʰ
塣
ʼѪôҵҪࡣ૵ӵĶʵʵԭ򣬲ȻھܹͻƣʵҲһͨѡ
ԱߣҲЩ߽̾׵Ѫǲһ㣬ͻƾҲ̫ˡ
һ֮ϣͻƣҲȶ
ڵңٴѪ֮»Ķ֣ɱңҲûôˡĻֻҪԪ֮Ӧ㹻ȫˡԺҪһȥʱĻҾͿ˳ƷѧԺϣ룬ֻǺȻһĻĻֵԺЩʼ飬ƺѪϵϵҸоǾҴһҲԣ˵Ҽ̳ʼѪЩ鶼ԴʼѪΪʲôͻȻֲĸоôӦѧԺ˵
ϣɻȻˣʼżǿֲҵʼ֮УоΪܿ죬ڸǺɾͻƵľ磬ӦҲ֡ҪǷѧԺĻԺѪѹƻѡĻҡ
ϣԼûзǰǼҪصѧԺȴǶҡˡ
ˡܲһͻƵ񾳽磬ʵ˺ܶ࣬񾳽֮УҲɽˡʹԪλ۾൱ˡ˼Ǳľû̫ĻԵԺҲֹڴˡ㲻һ޷ѪѣǵȳװԼΪȹҲܴﵽºλʼĵزʱټѧԺѧǿͨһЩһսҲ⡣
л˴ζҵİͻƾ硣ϣɸм֪ûİͻƵĻô˳
ʱ䣬ԺҪˣ֪ѧԺԺʲô̬ȣʱҪȥֻҪ֤ܱȫͻ뿪񻺻ȻĻͻ֮ҪȥһιԪ˶ݲ㡣
ףȻѧԺѧǲôΪǺܻܿҵǵڶλʼ档ϣΣݱҿԺЩ˶ҲǼɵĲУʮλֶʼĶ֣Ҫٳ˵ڶλʼ棬˭ܵסпܣЩ϶ѿ֮еġ
׾ͺá˵ţ˻־뿪ˡ

뿪֮Żӣʦûκ˽ĵģʵܽһ磬ǶʼֱϵѪ̳ߣֵܡУ֪ʦ˴Ϊܰͻƾ磬׻˶ĴۡѪٺķһɵΪؼʱһɵΪͻƾ磬ǺΣյġ
һɵΪϣЩȣȻ֪һɵΪζʲô˵ģҪ˳û֣ܶΣա
ԼúɣҪҪʼ棬ҪҪʦ硣Щ޵˵ϣɱʼˣûеٻصѧԺӦڲŶԡ

ʱ仺ĹȥڵԼʱ䡣
ԺȥϣɴǻŸ칦ء
ѧԺһͻƵ񾳽ѧֿдѧԺʷˡ
λ֮ϣɾͲѧˣӦֱӳΪɼλʦһĵʦ

˹׷˵š
ЦЦȴԤе˴ε鲻ô˳ҵĺϢʦտѧԺҪʱ֮
ɵ˵ͷǰҿܶ˼ѧԺԺĴڣ֪ȥʼ棬˵ʲôûѧԺ
˵ʲôʼķ򻺲ȥ
һȥֻʱǰ˻ǰӰѾڹ⣬వйעѧԺ񣬴˿ֻоѧԺ֮һǿϢһţȻûв׽ǵӰ
ÿٶȣʱշѵѧԺ֮ʱ֮
ѧԺԺˣʶκһˡ
ոǵϢЩ֣

㲻ô£ȴеĹע飬Ԫ˿̶⡣
УһӴ˿Ҳüͷô£ʱ֮Ҳǵ֮һôӵǿʵйŹ֣ѵҲʼʲôϵʼ󣬵ʲôģұʼˣҲסʼ֮ȫңҳȫѣɺޣû뵽ҾȻΪʼ֮һʼѾˣҲصĸޡ

ĳʱգһŹȵ߻̾һʼ浱䣬Ѫ֮ȫڵϣɣһΪɾ˻ģѧԺԺֺʼʲôϵеڸˣʱջݶץеʼĩ
˵ţǰĻ棬漰ѧԺ漰ǵȫʧһɶûʱ֮дڹһ
̾һջǷˡ

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ñȣֳƽħ壬ֱ֮Ϊħ壬ֱ֮Ϊħ壬ԼħţħȵȣħֶгƺΪľǱʼ壬ǶΪࡣʵʼ棬׼ȷӦǽ壬ӦǾ壬ħӦ壬ţħӦţ塣
潻ĵطҲǷҵĵط
һ޴ɽ壬ɽ壬Լ꣬һʼ棬һ߾档
ͨ壬ܴﵽʼ档
˿̵ϣҲǻһƬģǽĲУһнʼǣλĶˡ
ʼһ֮ǣĲ࣬඼һЩó׵ˡʵЩĸûô⣬ҲలµĻ
ʼǵĳһλеҲĿǰ֮Źֵ񡣾ԭȻΪ˵񣬿ȴûȫվһǾϣܺƽںϣӶల¡˵ܽʼǣҲǳԭ򣬶˵˾ǶԴ˲ʼǱȴ֮Ϊ˲֮ƵһҲͷ֮ʼǡ
һʼǣЩ㵵ġ
ʼ֮е˸飬Ҳʼ飬ЩĲǣǻཻף߻һȾ죬ȫûκεų⡣
ǱһĶѡ
ֻ˵ֵطǲšҪǲô߰飬ںҲʼӦöʼһĿϧˣӦҲʼɡţһıˣֻǶһʼǻ̫Сˣ涼ʼģ̫ѡʼǵӣǿ֤һ㣬ҪںϵĻӦȫеͨġ
Ҳֻ·㳤öʱ򣬿ռ˲
һͷǰһڣŰ³ӳǰӳ֮һˡ
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ڵӵݣʱҲûϢҪˣû뵽ȴȾλ֮
֮Ҳڴǣǿƽ棬ǸոǹֱӴ͸ʱյϢǴɢģӦþѧԺԺɣУʼǵĳʼѾǧԪѧԺԺˣвӲ
ʱЦˣûҾѧԺԺҵûʲô⣬ֻǡɴ·ǰѡȻˣҲǶЩ棬׼ȷ˵ӦǶʼǣ֪ܷ֮ҽһʼǵķչ
֮һǵ˵ͷ
֮͸ǽʱĲǻӣսϣĽʼںϣĽܶԷһЩĻڵѾֱ˴ˡ
ϸţ֮ĻУѾʼǶιȥʷ
֮ӦҲ˵һսɣȻ㲻ںϣһ鳡ʲô֤ܹںô
֮ĬˣǵģҲһսҴߡĻǸŻ֮ģ֮䣬ΪҲЩĻ䣬սͣϢ֮Ҿʼǣֻϣ˵˵ʲô֤ںϣһʼȷʵ뷨Ǻҿ͸ˣǹĵĸܹܲںϣĶ


2029 Ի
ʱЦˣʲô˼ǹĵʲôָ˭
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ʱЦˣðɣ㲻˵˵Щ˲ܹܲںϣĻ᲻Ϳ̿᲻ᵼǹĵֻһ㣬ǾԼܲܳѣܲ޵֮ǰ֮Ǽ֧ںϣ׷ԭ򣬿Ǻ֮ԼҲʹԻ֮Թޡ
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֮ûзʲôǵҺܺ棬ѧԺʲô̬ȣҲĿģ֪ѧԺԺܲʵ档
ǳĬˡ
Ƭ̺ǻѧԺںϵ飬ԣҲȷıʾ֧֪֡ڵˣԪЩˣѵ֪ںϿԱͿ̿ôΪʲôҪ֧棿
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ЩЦã֮ǵĿԡ
ʲôı죬ƭƭ˵ЩսʿУЩƶǲŵġ
Ҳô壬ԪһģԪΪʲôʵԭ˵ЩпᣬһΪѣвһ渲𣬳ѵĻͻ֡ڶԭǸ汾ʹﵽԼܳܵļޣں֮Ȼˣʱһ飬ĸᣬȻҲǻʱģǾֻʼˣǰǶȥӡЩп˵ݳĽݵݾѧԺۡ
ﵽ˼ޣѳ㴦һ
汾Դռࡣ
֮û˵ܿĲƽ̫пˡ
һҪǰ壬Ҹˡʵĺ֤ܲںǿеģԺܲںϣѾܾˡ˵վ֮һȽϸԡȽֵˣ㲦һ¡
Ժ֮˵

ԶȥӰ֮뵽˳˼
ɽ߾ʼˣһǾԵĸо˲ͬʼģоһмӳϵļˣҲĶ̰ǡ
û汾Դôû汾Դת潥ľͻһ̶ˮһ̶ˮӰ쵽֮е飬ɵǵһС૵ڵľ磬Ѿܿʼδ
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ʼȥɱ¾ʼƺѾľˡ

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ҲоˣԺˣû뵽ΪңԺȻðʼ档ϣɵ˵ţҲЩж
û˵ʲôҲ
ǻŲţÿ߹һʼ򣬶ͣƬ̡
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һϣһŮڸˣŮӺȻĻˡ
ע⵽ǰ
ǣŮѯʵȫ͸ǵΪ˿ЩʱŮӱó˱ޱȵĿǣ˼ǸҶŮӳ֣ǾԲŹǡ
壬壿ţĳ棬ҪĲݣŮ͸ñЩɱ˲ŶԣŮӲţһǵأЩ徹ȻΪһս
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⻰ǷģȴЩĿǡ
룬һǰһɢŰ׹ˮһĻ䣬ˮݸ˿ǣ֮͸㡣
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΢΢һЦſ԰ʼ棬һ£ҼȻҹȻȫ˵ĵ
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ʱ򲻵ٴοڣȴʼ汾Դʼ漴ѵûоʲôԾ֮һ·ϣ̫̫ĻѾǧٿף֮ռֱָտɴ
ʱЦˣ֪ܲЩ
ʱʼ濪ڵȻ֪Щǳ˺ܶ취޷ɹ㵱ʲôûĿǰĻϣ֮գֻҪܰѱȫǨƵ棬Ǿܻǵܴȥ
ʼһֱɣ֮ս
һ˿񣺡˵ɣʼıԴʲôϵϸо汾ԴϢӦ汾ԴǱ汾Դˣںˣ㱾ǲʵģкܴԭΪں汾Դ򡣡
⻰ʼ˶ЩȻ
ں汾Դ򣬲˵汾ԴѾô
˿ҲЩ𾪵Ŀǣ㾹Ȼܿ汾ԴϢôģԪҲ޷Ŷԡ
ʱҲϻһǰһԲתϤֵ˲䣬Բһ֮ڶƿء
Դ֮
ЩȻһȫˣôܣôƿصıԴ֮ѵǸ汾Դαʱȡѵ汾Դ򣿡
΢΢һЦȻǣġ
ģૣⲻܣԴһһǧʮֻ򹹳ɣԪôĻ򣬾ʼ滹ڵʱһ
ǣˡʮֳ¿ҵ˵ܸоϵϢֱԴ֮ģӲȫ룬ô˵汾Դѡ㣬ѵΪµ汾Դ򣿡


2030 
ɫȻǴ䣬Ǹǰƺûκεܿԣƺ͸ģеһжѾǿ͸Ȼ֮£ô֪
֮УҲĬȻ
Ȼںʼ汾ԴôһжԽˣӦҲʼưɡΪѾһУеܣڿ˶ѡʼ沼ֺܶ࣬ĶˣЩҲΪӡʼ浽ҪʲôȴԽӵɻˡ֮ţΪԼһУ챬ܣ֪
Ϊµ汾Դƹʼ棬ܡ֮ߵ
ֲԪҽʼ档ںʼ汾ԴͿԵõʼӳɣԪ뵽ʼ֮УҲδĶ֡Щ꣬Ԫ񲻹ܣĲܣǸ޿κΡ֮˿ˣϴ棬ûгûֻɱ뻹ǿϧ
һΪ˷飬û뵽쾹ȻһۿˡѧԺԺȻ鴫Щײһѣ汾Դ򲻵汾Դֱӱشʱʮλûʼ棬ͼʼ棬ʼǿƷʮλʱҲʼȻǲŤת飬ʼֲ֣һ־ǰʼ汾Դע뵽ҵ֮УΪʲôܺ˵Ĳ࣬һǿҵʵҳΪµ汾Դƹʼ棬ֹʼʼʧˣȫںʼıԴȴҲɲʼµ汾Դ򡣡
Ϊʲôɲˣɽ۾ʵܳΪµ汾ԴδزŤתڵľ档
Ϊû־ӳ֣ͺһҵľȻǿҵĹѾǾôʱ̾һʼ汾Դ֮ʼľͱˣ汾Դ򱾾־ۣ־ˣôΪµ汾ԴɹˣҲǵλؽܵɡ
۵Ȼеԭ
ڵʼѾܲ˵Ǹ汾Դˣܳɹ
ԭôҴҲµˡЩεЦЦҲ֪ʼǲƵЩ·߲֮ͨ󣬽Ψһߵһ·棬֮ռһƬˡʼֻ棬û븲Ĵ㣬Ϊʲôܸһ·ȻԭڲҲѾˣΪ˻ţֻܷһˡ
û˵ǴˣΪ˻ţʲô
ЩͲö˵ˣĿľǴϣ뿪ϣ㲻ҪҡǵһΧûϣɵӰ²ϣǲǱ
ʼ˴˿̶ɫʼͨ
Ҫϣɣǿ϶ǲԸģϣѾͻƵ񾳽磬Ǹϣϣʼ档
񣬲ûΧɱɽ۾˿ߵ˿൱λʵǿԪΧɱǺϣġ
ԪεǿߣҲδֵܵסǼˡʼҲ
Ҹղ˵ˣλѧԺԺǶùܣˣȻǣԺϣѧԺһ̵ֽģҲѧԺѧ˵ȥҲ޿ɺǡϾ̳ʼѪ涼δݵԪεǿߣﶼɱԾ󻼣ԣ֤бʵ
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ʱΧ۵ĲҲɫˣ⻹Ҫôֲεǿ߽֣ʲôġ
Ѫ֮ˣǶˡ
ðɣҺһսһսǵ㵽Ϊֹ˻ãϾѧԺʵû˸ҶѧԺ֣ˣʼܾˡ룬߰ɣѡطҷ㣡
ˬ죬Ǿ͵㵽Ϊֹ˵ţӰһͳſռȥ
ЦЦһظ˹ȥ
ʼ˳һ£Ҳȥ

ռ䣬һƬѾκʵǱĿռ䣬еʶݵһ飬ƬʱնһƬأһλ߲ܶǺεǿߣƺûܵκӰ졣
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áһһ㶼ǿͳǱȥһȭһХųײײ֮£ʲôʲôˣʲôôĲһ
ʼ˴˿Ѿɫ԰ףȻһвǳǣһХԴĸо
Ҳףʼ汾Դһﵹһ㶼һ־ȫ֣ɼǶôĿ
汾Դ־ۣȻƿ汾Դ򣬿ȴʧȥ־汾Դ򲻹һѡ˵ţųɱһץץ˹ȥһץ֮ƺпµ֮ƿն׽һУѹһУ֮ڵﶼҪѹǾǸߵάȶԵ͵άȵĽάһ
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Ĺ̼俪ʼ飬ǲʱѾǳ׻ΪС
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ɫǱˣѸٵغˣֻʱ䳤Ӿˡ
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ʱûɱǣȭͷǣÿһȭȥһ귽ԲĿռ䶼Ƿ鿪
ǲϵغˣȴǸûзĻᡣ
̫ǿˣһȭҶӲԪ۾һ֪ԼĲж󣬶棬ȫûκε⣬ѧԺԺҲ˵ãܼµĹȻȫ㿪ˡ
ʵô֮ţΪǿ˶٣ǵҲԱڿĴˣӵŻɱ
񣬲С֮Ҳǵ
˺ʮ֮ʱȴҲŭˣΪԴƿ棡
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ţͷ˲ԣֻٹĿռ䱻ƿأǴ˿һǧڵĿռȫƿˣһǧĿռγһС棬Ҳ֮С
ĺǿң
ǵӰ֣ڶԴڶԴԶȡκһƬʱգһƿȨںҶʵǺһƬƿص涷ңǻһƬʱաһƬʱ֮УҾǵ֮ףԲһУԸıʺʱ䡣
˵ţǿͣʱ䣬һ򱶣
ֻһƬʱ֮Уһжڿٵ˿̷Լڿٵţ߶ʼ汾Դ֮ͣ
ЦЦȴǲ֣ܵסʱ֮ܵסƬôˮ𡢷硢𡢿ռ䡢ʱ䡢ˡ
ÿ˵һַ򣬾ͻһ
һһǧʮֻȫãɫıˣôͬʱõϣҲҪʴҲҪȾƣҲҪ߽⣬֮£еһжҪع鵽ԭʼֱһһжֽ⵽״̬

ʱҲ˲ˣһսսһǰƬʱճһ϶
ʱ̯̯֣εɾȤˣһƬʱտɲ㼸иġ
û˵ʲôƿصƬʱ֮˳


2031 ֮
˽ֵһսһʼ˶ûʹ񱻱ʹʵѾˡ
Ҳʵһ֣ס
ʲôǿѵһѺͨĺڵǸովȻһֿԻĸо棬ʼ涼ܱһƵġ
⵶ܲһ㣬ӵŻصܡ
һᣬϵģѵЩӦúϤǾǱѵɱĽڽڰˡ˵ӦҲµ˰ɣѵʼѾԽ㼶룬ڶûȷĵȽ׻֣֮ѵȵƶûһôҶƺѵΪʼ浶
ʱˣԭѵʼ
ʼΪʲôôǿΪʵǿȻҲǿԽ㼶ķ룬;߱Żصܡ
ȻӵʼĻսɡ֪ԪǲǻһսǴҶ͹ˣϴθҽ棬ȫǶԼʵĺšţɫܲãԭǱʼ浶ŵˡ
ʹʼ浶ȻѧԺԺѹסˣ֮ǰû뵽ѧԺԺӵս֮һоľٴη˱仯λټλѧԺԺѧԺܳΪǰ
ʼ浶ôУһţð׹⡣

ҿҲñˣ⵶һóٴȥ϶Შʼռ䡣Ҳ֤ԼʵϣɸһȥҾܻȫأǲٺսȥս˵ʵܶҪ¶ʵڵĻǿƴĺܼңȴصġ
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ǣҲµǻʵջǵ˵ͷãǾ͵ΪֹϣԸѧԺҲ
ĵ˵ͷ
˵ţ˻֣ԶĿռһŻֻһϤӰˡ
ϣɣ
ЦЦϣɺڵϣɣѾӵΪ磬ϣϵѪޱǿ֮޷ȡ
ʼѪĿ£ɼһߡ
Ժ
ϣȻͻƵľ磬Ƕȴǫúܣ˿ĲԼȻѧԺѧ
ʱҲ˵ˣҲעŵϣɵϡ
ϣɣӦҲ֪ˣӦԷ뿪ڿԸһȥʵѧԺʦͬѧǶڵȥѧԺһͻƵ񾳽ѧ˶ҪΪءˣнʦһֱ߶㣬ðеѧԺⱲǵһ顣
Ǵ˿̵ϣɣȴǳĬˡ
ЦϣɣȥͻȥҲΪ㣬ΪѧԺ
ʼĬĬ̾һǾڰװ׵ˣ⵽ͼɶأֵ
ǿϣԥǿһ£ϣɣ㲻һѧԺ
Ϊ赲Լӻϣɵϰ񣬿Ǵ˿ԼˣҲһǾϣԼѾȥˡ
̾һЩЦá
ĳˣѾԼǻǾɡʵ㣬Ҳµ뷨Ϊȷļҡ̳ʼѪƽʼĺôЩעģѲġһصѧԺҲᰲѧԺѧ£úܺá
ԺϣһЩɳƣһȥģѧԺҵʦҵͬѧûѧԺûڵҡԴŴҿʼ״Ҿ͸оʮֵܣһֱʼûκεĹϵֱҲŷ֣ҴˡҼ̳ʼѪ鶼ԴʼѪǿҵѪ֮УҸѲáҲʱʶұұΪʲôȻĲ
ҶûЩ͵ĿϣɣǶӺ͸һ㸸װŪˣǧҵ֮㲻ܲףѪŨˮüٵġ
ԲԺУȥҺͽʦ˵һ£ϣллϣ˵ţǾȻ£Ȼ󲻵˵ʲô͵ؿһͷ
֪ϣɵ˼ϣʱûѡѧԺʮֵĲԲŻû£ѧԺǰǷҪΪѧԺһӣ˵ѾΪ磬ʵҲǳ׵ıҵˡԺԼѧԺҲûʸˣϣĳɾͣԺѧԺΪ١
Ժҡϣƺǵ˼
ҵˣҵˡ
ҵʲôڲûܶ
ΪѧԺıҵѧҵбҵģΪԼʲûʸѧԺͶˡһһ·񾳽磬ĴﵽѧԺѧ۷壬ֱҵΪѧԺûʲôܽˣҵˣõѧԺѧ
ϣɾǽˣѧԺϵĵһҵҪúõǿ΢΢Цû뵽һ˹ĪĴһܣ޹
Ҳ⣬ʵ֮ǰʱϣҪȥ̬ȻǺܼģû뵽ܰЩϣɣʼԺ˼̳ߣˣҲٵʼûػˡ
ʼˣҲ˷ܲѣһϣɣԺǵʤ١
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ǲ˵ʲôתȥһ̵̸ʧҲ̸ϸˣ˳Ȼѡ
ҲԺĻЩѧԺҵѧľҪѧһУϾûѧԺܰѧѧԺһӲǱҵġ
ѧԺԺ
˿̴һ΢΢ϹʼҲһѧų΢΢

뿪ʼ棬ٴʼǡ
Ժҵܾˡ˴ʼ飬Ѿ˰档֮˵ţѾǰԵľ㵽ҪԹǵġ
Ǻ²ţ´ǧҶҪΪЦˡڨڨǧȥȴûнӻ˰
ϣɲԸ˭Ҳûа취ԺͱˡԺʱ䣬ԴԺ뿪ԺϸԺ˵ĻԺ˵ĺеԪǼҪʼ飬ҪĻںԺ󣬲ֻ֮ܲҲǰ취ȹ˰꣬ǧ꣬黹ǻﵽһޣʱҪô죿ʱûʼɱˣǻɱ˭
ЩԾĿ֮㾹ȻôԶˡȻ˽ҽ£ͺúõĺ˵һ¡
֮ʱѡ
ʱбҪһѧԺ˼ˣϾ⣬ѧԺҲôһΣҪ˵֮֮վѧԺһԺ֮δزܳΪѧԺİ֡
֮ԻﵽޣΪʲôΪķٶ̫죬ΪΪ̫ˣʱѾʼʵǣΪ̫ˣ㿴ڵЩɱû汾Դƣ˵ҲܻǧԪٵ㣬ҲҪ԰ˡ˳ͷֻȻᵼݽߣӶԣԭ̫ˣֱӰ취ǽģҲҪŨһԪҲǧ֮ڣǲµӡֻҪõƣ֮еպͷžܴﵽһƽ⣬ôȻԳõĴȥ
⡭⡭֮һ˵ˣγ˵ۣǸģΪ˳ôЩ׷ѸʲôΪô⵹ãǾȻ̴ҵֱǺĲΪС
ǲǾҷˣĿǰ⣬֤泤ȶתȥ׵İ취ߣʵֱӲôʧЧҶͨˣԺͰȫˡȫﲻݣôƴҵʵ˵ĵǼ򵥣ȴûбȽʺϵİ취ܴƣҲԴ棬罵ѣñ˥˵ôڲླߣͿʼ˥ԴٲߣͻƵʱ򣬿ԽһЩѣ֮Ϊ٣ͻƵߣֱӾͻ䣬黹档˵ĻҲܱ֤һƽ⡣


2032 ʼת
Щ˵֮жô𾪣ֱǵ߸֪
ҪǴȥĲǲܣЩͨҲܡ
ֱһ㣬ǵϸǹ֮ȴַ˵ĺеһУܽ뵽һƽ⣬׵
ԺĪȻѧԺĵˡ֪Ǻ⣬Ϊ˽ڵ⣬ǽ٣޷ܵ顣֮棬ųѣͨҲųܵסô
֪㵣ʲôЩҪȥõĻѾˣ汾ԴѾָµ汾ԴʱܱҵЩȻ˵һСЩô룬ʼһЩԪǻŭ᲻ʣٸԪ֮վӦġ˵ţЩ£ǰ汾ԴΪʲôҪǿڵı׶ˣҪǲҲᱻЩ߸û⣬ˡ
⡭Ժѵһʱ֮˿ʶʲô
µʱѾǰʱ׹ȥˣҲΪʷʼҲΪʷ֮еһ£һпʼܵʱѧԺȻ涨ƶߣһµʱΪ棬ҲΪ顣ǵ˵Żվԭ汾Դλã治һʱĻϣɵʱɺɵҲѧԺ
֮˿ѾŵĲ˵ˣǵסˣͬʱҲԼ˵˻ֱӱǸնɱˡ
ǻͷ˿֮ںϣͿ̿뷨ܲ۽绹̫СˣҲɹġúÿһ£ʵ㻹ѡ񡣡
֮Ȼǵ˼Ͷǣܡ
ɵˣǾΪУֻҪǸҰԼͼй¶ȥ˵棬ʼЩǿ߶δݵǡ
ǡ
ǲ֮תһȥȥѾǻص档
֪֮ô룬ҲҰԼ˵Щй¶ȥʵЩѾҪˣΪѾһеʵ
˴κһսԼ˸֪óʼ浶ʱսֲܿԪҪɵԼγûصֶΡ
֮ʼ浶ҲԺȨȵģŷԺȨȲΪרƵ
ΪʲôȨȣⲻѧԺ֮Ȩƿ汾ԴȨ
һжƺõģõԺȨȣ̳ѧԺʼеĲ־Ϳʼˣ˭ıһУ˿Ѿ˲²⡣
ʱȻͣԶĿռ䣬ֻռ֮гһڵ㣬ڵһȻǱը˿
Ԫ
üͷ˴߳Ӱ
֪˴γ֮Ԫһû뵽ô졣
ԽǵڣԽǷԪܲ򵥣Ԫϣͬܵ汾ԴϢ
ѧԺԺҸýʼ棡ԪЩ£ʼ䣬ѪɾڵϣɣһΪȫ˻ģЩȫơǵʼǸ磬һֱôģֱĳ֣Ҿˡʼɾ㣬Ӧþʼתʼγһһǧʮַôɺϣ
Ǵ˿̶ЩԾ˵ʵԼô롣
ʼת

ѵʼת֮Լô֪
ʼ棿
Ҳ޵Ŀռ֮˳Щɵۣܰɣʼ浱ˣ궼׷ֽˣôתԪǲǸˣ˵ѧԺԺǿҲ̫ˡϾЩģҪôʱռȻģҪô֣ԵģѧԺԺ֮ǰҶûмˣǿҲ̫ͻȻ̫ˡ
˵ļλҲ˳ĬĬͷ
ǵǿ󣬲Ͽѧ
ʼ棬룬ϧˣ治ǡʱ̲סЦԪ϶ʼ棬ʲô⣿㣬汾ԴʲôϵĻͺһ飬˸о㵱һоô汾ԴϢһսܲôǲˣ㵽ҪʲôˣǸͨ㿪ٵİɣ㲻㿪ٵģҲĪĹϵǲǣ
˴˿һЩȻĿԪ
ĽӴǸͨĳ֣ҲԴ˲ŵ˺飬һֱΪǸͨżȻֵģǽǾȻ˵ǸͨԪٵġ
ôܣ
ԪΪʲôôѵһеס
Ԫ˵ʱޱȵĿ£ѧԺԺȻ򵥣Ȼµˡ
ȻôͳˣһΪᷴһ¡Щ⡣
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ȷʵûãвôˡǵͷ
ԪΪʲô֮˿ŭԭһжĹģǶǱˡ
Ԫ㣡ƺµһУ˿Ψ̾ϢǸ֣ͨ˶⣬ΨֵôģԭһоȻġʼĴڣʼǿߣ϶Ҳ֪ˣһУǾʼôҪʼ뷨Ҳһս˲һе׾Ȼ㣡˸ʲôػ棿̫Цˣ
λաѪҲǳĬˡ
Щ̫¡
ΪԼˣû뵽ȴӶѡ
Ԫ˿̿ſյˣЩ֪ʲôͱϷˣ汾Դ򵱳Ҳôֻ㲻ԸѡڵʵѵҲǵõ汾Դĺô
һԶ̲סЦЩ˼úܡ
ʵܿʵֹ֮Ѫ֮֮֮Ҳ汾ԴϢ
Щ˻ٶ汾Դйᣬʱ뵽ʱλĻ˵汾ԴѱˣҲ޵ķʸʵǸʱ汾Դ˽ġ
һҪѧԺЩѪ飬ҿɲ롣˭ңǾҵĵˣº֡˵ţĿԪһۣתߣ˸Ҷ֣ˣᣬЩ˸ɲв
Ԫʱ̾һ֤һЩ飬û뵽󷴶Լ뵽εľء
˵ʱ򣬻Ҳʵˣ˱һ̫ɢˣÿһģѪ֮֮ҲǸԼơ϶ԵУֿ֣ʱֻ֪ʲôıʡ
ǸոջصѧԺǱ߾͸ܵϢ
֮
棡
λʧԶӭЦЦ߰ɣǽ뵽ѧԺġ
ѧԺ֮У֮ѾȲոǲԪҸܵˣԪȥˣӦȥˣֻûд⡣
Ҳǵ˵ͷǰһΪԪһսء˹ҲôΪΪкϷء
ǿЦãǲˣεǿߣôսģԪڶԹ˲ϾˣƸˡǣû±ѧԺˣڲ֪˫۾˶ԸѧԺǶԸǵĻǿԵġ֮ˣ¼ҹһҲˣҪˣ嶼Ҫˡ
ǿʮλ棬Ŀǰ֪Ѫ֮֮Լλս֮еɵǱʣҲûʲôƵġ
ߵɱңҲ㲻ңҪˣɾ군ˡڻ̫ػΡҿѧԺͦǿģλˣټôһλԪԺҲû˸ѧԺΪСôҰ㣿ԺŮܸҪȫɣ
ɵۣ棬ȷⲻռҵıˣԺҲ棿㲻֪Ѿˣ˵ⶼʲôпյģҲ̫ŵˡ
֮ҲĿɿڴЩԶ
Ǻǣ㿴ϾˣˣѧԺǸûɣҿ
ס˵ȥҾҪͿˣõ棬֮ǿһֲǵѧԺýˡǼæ˵˵£ǽ쵽ɶģ
£˿뵽ʲôɫҲ


2033 ²
ʱ֮Ѿʶʲôǲ˵ʲô֮ҷηηģ֪һЩ飬ȴصʵʵģҪ˵Ҳܴ˵ô
֮ڨڨ˵
˱Ǻ֣ʱ򶼻ǲҲڰ档
µҹͼˣ
ܲ²ôǻˡǧΪ飬ǾֻΪ˻ĵ顣ʵǱѾɻĺܿûпܻšҴˣпԪʵǶڻǲǻ֮ȴǲ֪ľǻôҾǻ־ĺãĲʲôöֱԵ
Ժ׼ô˵ġ˿ȴŭһĿǡ
ǺΣǲӽˮˣʱ˻д⡣ֿ˿֮Է˿̵ǵĺܣǾˣϼһǲǰ˵ĵĻԲѧԺġ
ϼһﹻ𰡣棬ҵˡ
ţҲΪ⣬˾͵ˣҪԼĲʲôĻţܶᱻ˸棬Ǿ£ҲҪӶԻĵʲô顣һսؼʱ㡢֮ս֮˱֧ߣʵѾˡǻģӦʼ棬ôƵģһ֪ʼޣȡʼһΪʵͼѣع֮󣬾Ͷ汾Դ򷢶˹Ҫݻ汾Դ򣬿ϧʧˣ汾Դ̫ǿˣûбֱӴݻ١ҲʱԪ˷ͼΧɱҲΪһս໭һšĻģʶĻһˣ
Ĭˣ޷ʶĻЩ飿
ҲбĿġ֮ʱԺûһֿܣ汾ԴѱˣҪΪ飬Ŷ汾Դ򷢶˹ԪЩ˲ԣԪܱ汾Դƭˣǲֹģ»䡣
۾ƺЩ֮ˣһԭ㿼ǣ˶Ը룬һս֮Ҹطˡ
Ԫ
ʱһ£Ԫкǿҵ汾ԴϢȻԪЩ˶õ汾ԴĺôԪϵϢǱ汾Դһ˵汾ԴҪѪԪ൱ڼ̳汾ԴѪ汾Դ׶һܿںʱԪͺ汾ԴйϵԪôǿûɵġ
汾ԴҪĻΪʲôţȴǷֿܣǸʱΣӦþ͵һޣΪԾȣ汾ԴҪһܻȫ˵ͨԪأһִô
飬ԽԽ˷롣
ǿ֮ʱ̲ס࿴˼ۣЩҲ֪ǲ͸¶Լġ
棬Щûа취֤Ϲ¶ѡһ㣬ΪԼİȫҲΪδҪһЩΪá֮ǰҲйҲѣԺΣգԵһʱϵҡǻǵΨһˡ
лԺ
˵ţǵ˼
ԽԽϾ뱨ȡůֻ֮ΣգδӦԡ

뿪֮ȴ˾þõĳ˼֮С
汾ԴҪ˼·Щء
ѧԺԴ֮ء
ǿԴ˿Ϊǿ͸Դܣ㵽һʲôʲôԪ˵ʼתȻӦҲȷڵΪܴѧԺû˹ôܡʵһģ˵ԪˣҲֻʼϲ²ˡҪ˵ʼתⶼľ磬ǲҲþһʼļˣҵ˭ʼ棿̫ܣ㣬һֺһ汾ԴѧԺڣЩѧԺӵҲģʲôʼꣿһ汾Դ򣿡
ҡҡͷǵѧԺǿ硣
ɡɡ޸ѩӥնڡ
ѧԺɾżʦˣһȥʼ棬ջܶࡣǻʼڱұٶԽԽ죬ȻʵҲǳںϵĹ̡ʼ泹ױ֮ʱҲȫںϵһʱ򣬶ʱʼΪ棬ȻҪȫ濪ս浽ǸʱѧԺҲ޷⣬ȻҪ뵽֮С˵˴ЩϧҲûܰϣɴ
ϣѾͻƵ񾳽磬ԺȻǱ޴ʼ棬ȷʵ̫ϧˡҪʼǻҪѡ񡣡Ҳ̾ϣϣѧԺע˺ܶѪǺòһŮȴǸ˱ˡ


2034 ͬĿ
ҲЩΣֻõˣͲҪ˵Щˡ˵ϣʼ沢ǻ£ѧԺҪ飬˵ҪЭϣɵǱҲֻʼܱȫķڵȻӵΪ磬Ҳ൱ھ֮֮֮ҪһﵽΣΨһܰҲֻ񡣡
Щɼλʦǲֻ֪Щ᲻ϣɰˡ
ѧԺ֮Уϣ뿪ѧԺֱӴѧԺҵģǵһʦһʱЩԽܡ
Ժ˵ѧԺҪ飬ǲԺѾʲôƻ棬汾ԴȫȱʧԵһµʱҪˣʱ֮УѧԺҪʲôĽɫʵ
ʦ˿ҲǺǽ򵥡
˭ܿµʱҪˣʱ֮ǰʱ財Ŀǰ˵ʱôģȴû֪ǶѧԺϣʱѧԺǺİԼ뷨˵˳һֱܱ䣬ȥһʼ֮󣬸ǸһҪõĴȥ֮е޵ģ޵ģɵǿҲ޵ģ޼ɵĽзչջߵ죬ԭµʱ⣬ǴӸԴϽС
Ժкθ߼ɳѾǵ˼
Ҫ߽ơǴ˿ЩصߵߵΪߵռ䡣ʵ˵ӦҲˣߵĴھĸԴֻж߽ƣܽһСĻһͻƾʱ׽ٿ飬׽֮£Ϊ׽ٸֱӾˢһߡһ뽵˥췣ȵȡߵĿһķΧ֮ڣǾͽº֮е١
Щλʦǵһ
Ҫ׽٣٣૵Щɲİʱ˵Ժ˵Щɶı䣬ڵЩѧԺΪʲôҪѧԺˡԺҪôģǼֱΪУЩƾãôȥӦ١
ķպܴ󣬿ҪɣԺѧԺģ˵ʱ˵ȴЩ㽣֮һʱɺ
ҲѧԺڵѵҺȻһЩǽ뵽ѧԺ֮󣬽Ӵ˼ЩԺʵҲ뷨˸ǰźõһƺָĵ·૵ԺҼǵԪ˵ʼתĲǣ
治ǣҿһʼļ䶼ûУߵһ죬϶ʼǧ˿Ƶϵˣ˵ЩˣҸո˵ЩѧԺԺҪ飬ȻգһˣѧԺͻΪһʱסǻҰЩ߸λʦҲϣλʦЭҡ
ԺˣҲϣһʱɵʱܿٳһʱֻԺ޸
ǺãΪͬĿŬ˵ţ˶Ц

ǿ֮УĳһɫĹ
⴦̻֮УϵĹâΧռ䷨ǹⷨз򡭡ַǱŤˡЩƺη⹬Ǳܿֻſ˩ͷͷľޣͷ޾չֳǿϢǾľɡ
񾳽ľΪɼ⹬ݶȻ͡
䣡
źȻˣʱֻһŮӿٵ˽ȥ
ͷξ޿Ůӣȴǲδ
֮УŹŴ򿪣һӻ۾˿̵ӿֳǿ汾ԴϢŮʵҲһ
磬˻׷٣Ҫɵ㡣Ů˵ҪѧԺһϳѧԺڿ˸һЦѣ˻֪Ѿ񾳽磬˿Ҫͻƾ磬ʵѡ
Ҷ˿ôãѧԺںô汾ԴƬһ񼶱汾ԴƬѾװΪƽ񾳽磬ҲôηѧԺˡȻǾͳȫЩɳƣˣȷûͻƾ磿


2035 
ŮҲǴѧԺһߵ˿ҲΪ硣
ڵѾ˳ƺŮ
ȷŮһ£ǻĴϢӦôˡĸſ˴ѧԺ֮ȻһֱԳΪ˵ūͣʵĻǵġ֮ǰҪǴϢͱ˸ҵˡڵĻĵ֪ͻƵ񾳽磬֪ʵѾڿ֮ϣҲֻɱ˿ˣԼҲѳϾû뵱˵ū͡
Ҳ齨˵ĸ߲֮һȻǶԻĺ˽⡣
˲£ūͣǿ˻ǸԼһס˿ϢӦôˣӦûûͻƵ񾳽硣һɱ˿ˣҲ浭˵һһǰ֪ʮλķžˣ֪ˣԺΪģ浱֮ˣû˸鷳Լܼ̳л֮һˣ
ڻģǺܿϵġ
Ů˿ЩΣ˵ļ̫ˣȻһֵķţԺΪҪǱ֮ˣһʱ˳ƺš
磬ھжŮŵлĸǶλܶܲһλɱ˿֮󣬴ҪıԴ϶ʵһǲЩ֮ͨӦѾƥˡ
ȷʵҪ㶯֣֮лɢŲ񼶱ıԴƬҪǱǿѰһƬʱҲһ鷳ߣȥɱˣҾˣɱ֮Ǿ֮ɽͷһӰߵԼĴ㣬֪ԼͿ˱һսϾ˴һͶʱȻΪռƣȻҪΪǿ

֮Уĳϲ硣
˵סΪһϲ磬ҴڿռҲѱ֡
鷿ڣһЩ鼮Щ鼮ٶǴѧԺģ뿪ѧԺȻʱ̶ѧϰѧԺĶ
˵ƹܵԵ棬Ժµǧ䣬ҪһеݣҵΪһͻƣҲ񾳽綼⡣ԵԴջع֮ȴԯ飬Լ֮вϴԵ֮ˣͻͣԵ֮˽ȥĶеĵ伮֮ˣԺȻǳɾͲϧҹû뵽Եꡣ˵ţ̧ͷ˿ԱߵĻģģҶˣ
ˣôͻȻĵһұ˾֮Ҿһֱˣжˣǲˡ
Ŷû˵ʲôؿ飬ЩԣʱҲӵĽˣֻϣŮ쵽ȳ


磬ݻķλã˾ϲ֮󡣡Ů˵֪ȷеλãо˶޷ҵ
ˣΪ˷ֹߣҪﲼһЩռơˣȵΧȥɱ˿֮ٲĺôпܣһΪҲ񾳽硣ϾԺ֮㣬ֻһǲġ˵ҲŮһ裬Ůѣ治Ϊȵ
ӵΪ磬ЩȻ˵ֻһӵʱͲƣϲ綼Щƣһͨ񣬶סԷӣôʱ㹻ܶˡ
˿̵Ŀˣƺûв
ˣڶ־ˡ浭ǰĶϲʱ䣬ȻгһսȻһ˹ȥֻһһ˺˶ϲ磬һλֱӾͱиֳ룬ʱ򣬴зɳӰǿ˺ͻġ
˿̵ĻЩޱ顣
ˣô꣬ڵĿ̫ˣˣ˹ǣǣ桭
˵棬֪˺ȻһЦŻģûЩģҪȥôҵ㱨ôô꣬õôĺôȻ㡣˴λأһİǡ
ˣԣˣô֪ĶʱЩ
֪̫ˡˣʹˣʵлֵʱע᲻ú˵ţһֳŻץȥȶԷӦֱ˻ĵ壬ĵıԴҲǱ̼ɵ棬棬ǲס㴴ˣԺΪ񣬶֪ҽʲôôȻ־ˣʵһһֽ档ҼǵֵʱԺ˵ҵֺܺãҵʱֺġҵˣҲԺʱѾʶһеĿǡϾں汾Դǿˣעֻܻһ
˿ҲڷӦ˹˻ģͻ֮ʱ䣬ƭѵҲͻƵ񾳽磿


2036 Ů֮
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ԶŮҲһɫѾ䣬ȫǵϡ
񾳽磿ʱЦҲôȻͻƵ񾳽磬ұҪöࡣͻ֮ҾͲλãȴûмȥɱ㣬Ϊֻ֪еҲ磬ٰȥΪٽһֻ񾳽㣬ġһȣҵ˺þã̫ʧˡ
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˿ɫѿԼһСһŪڹ֮䡣
棬ıԴԹԵĽҿһôں汾ԴͻƵһʧȥ˱Դľ綼ֲˣǲô˵Ҳ˺á˵˵ţ˿Χ沼õĿռǺ⣬ռǲ˵ģܷסȻҲܷס棬ô㻹뷴һжҵƿ֮Уոͻƾ磬ʵȲĿɲһǰ㡣
һ̺ţȫ
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ˣ֪ĵķɵҵıԴ޿ɷΪ˵ĶʵΪȷʵǿټϽ뵽ѧԺѧϰѧѧԺԺһЩͨҾ͸Ķˡ񾳽磬־ܣ¾壬ҲҪƴһս浭˵ţԣҵıԴ㾡ɣ
ʱǸ߿һۣܺãŸȤ
˵ţ˹ϵĳ֡
𣺡汾Դϵͳ޸Ŀռ䷨޸ģ޸ǳ޸޸Ľ֮޸ľ֮޸ˮ֮򡭡
˲䣬Χ򱻿ƿأЩ򱻿޸ģ༭ǿƵ
ΧռǱһƬ󣬶еƶһ¶ѡ
ѧԺѧֶΣı䷨򣿡˿ţȴҲԸôܸı䷨򣬾汾Դһ֮еһйĲ֮£ҸоҵѪҺ򱶵ļӳֵҵϣǳǣҵ壬֮еһϸôɱңΪҵıԴҲһ汾ԴʲôĶǿпޡ
˵ţȻȫҫ۵İ׹⡣
Ű׹֮е汾ԴɢģŰ׹һ£еһжڡ
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ɱ㣬ֻ㡣ͣǵıʶһ汾Դ򣬶ԷΨһ취ɶԷȻˣǾǻɰɣ˭ܻ
˵ţ˳档
˲ϵصĽ֣˵ֻ汾Դײһ顣
汾Դһǿ˵ģűԴΪһͷľޣòϻСͬţ㣬һ˫Ǵ˵е档һģһģȫ׵ӡӴСϣ˻棬вӵĴСȫǱӸһͷ

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Ҳ׼óһѶ̵޵ԴͿ˹ȥǾһȻԴϣǾ޵ԹǺǼӲһ޷ƿ޵ԹǡǼŭ˾ޣ޸Դϵƣ汾Դֱ۾һҧݴ͸ֱۣӷӦһӾȻͰӵֱ۸˺
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ֻҪԼƿ˽ƣӦþлᳬѣΪƵһĽô׵ġһײҲƿһռƶѣǻǧŰپʮŵء
ŮЩŽײȥԼΪƵķ֮µˡ
Ůס֣оˣڽƱƵǧʱŮϢͿʼ䡣
õĽƣ֪ܲƵǿȣȥܶȲƱƵŮҪ顣
ŮǷˣԼȥײƣǲԼôҲע⵽Ů
棬Ҳῴġڿ˲ʱƿߣҰƿƣҲߡŮ˵ţһɾ֮ɫ棬֪ΪʲôԸһֱô
汻ŮͻȻһʣסˡ
ʵ˵ŮҲںϵ汾ԴΪĲ࣬ȵҪںɢıԴ򣬿϶ҲҪɵ棬󲿷ں汾ԴĲ࣬ǶǸΪսŮѧԺ֮Ͷ治벻Ͳ˵ˣһ
ΪʲôţҲԼ
Ϊϲ㰡һЦ˵ظĸоѵûвô棿
һԼûвôôûв
ǲôͿһҪںе汾Դ򣬶ŮΪԽǿԺԽҪɵĶ
棬ȥúûšŮţĳ־ʱֻǱԴȼΪֻˡܻصȥһҪʶ㡣
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һĽƱƿŮϢҲһʧһ̵Ŀ˶ĿɿڴȫûзӦ
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ŮˣõĿռ֮£Ϊ


2037 
ŮϢһʧĿռҲȫ顣
濴ҧҧŮҲģңһ㱨𡣡
˵ţ˺ѿռͳԶ񱼶ȥ
ٶȼ죬ѾﵽһʮĹ٣˲Ϣ֮ǲ֪ȥ
棬ΪߣɡЦ׷ȥ汾Դϵͳӳֵϣٶȷ򡢿ռ䷨򡢷֮׵編򡭡ЩȫΪĿʼٶȣתٶȾͳٶȣ棬ɣٶĲʶûκôΪڤڤ֮ѾעҪΪҽˡ
֪֮ں汾ԴǿһλЩҲ޷ȡ
ڵ滹̫ǿľѻᡣ
ಣ
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˴ռ䣬Ϊǿ©Ŀռ伫ĲȶĿռ以ײγ˿µ磬һЩЩռ֮еλҲ̼仯Ϊ顣ٵ˿ռγƺڶһĴڣʺɡ
ٶôҿôࣿһﵽ׵õѧԺʲôȥҸѲˣһ׷ҡѵҪ䵽˿̼ĲģɫҲЩУһҪȥ汾Դ֪ҵٰһΣٰһΣ
кʱ֮ƺĳָӦ

Ѿ׷ʱһƳץ˹ȥֻ沼һ׳ѪɫָƺƣЩ·ʵһķݷ򣬴˿һצץ£ƬʱնץУеֻоȫǱһɲɿܵǣסˣƺҲһƸץ˳
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ڿ˵֮Уֻٰʮǧ˿ҲȻӵٰ߰˶ʮ
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࣬汾ԴҲͿЩԸжǿң汾ԴԸҲжǿҡ
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汾Դҵˡո˵ЩҶˣʵҾõİ취ץ㣬Ĩȥǻۣ³Ϊ־ʱһⶼˡΪ־ͲԼǻۣԼ뷨Ȿһ޴ĴھҪ󡣡һֻԪӰȻˡ
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Ǵ˿̶ˣԵ֮ޣԪʲôȻ汾Դ˷ŭ
Ժһץ汾ԴĨȥ־ȻܻعˡԪ˵֪ǵʵֶԸڵ汾ԴӦ㹻ˣϾڵ汾Դ棬޷֮ǰʺڵ汾ԴҲһͨ񣬡ԺҪԥˣ˭ӲҪҪѾ˴һеʵʱûбҪٰձ˵·ȥߣȫԼ·ԼΪȷ顣
˵е˭֪ǲǺ汾ԴһģǴ˿ۣĿԪôģ汾Դſһͨܽ
Ԫٶ֣ǶϡʱֱӵʱԪͬʱǡ


2038 ع
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ԼҲףڵ漫ΣգԼһ¶֮лһĻѧԺʵõѡ񡣲ȻĻᱻ˻ɱ汾Դ֮һɱıԴ׳Լ֮УܱӻˣʵҲѧԺˣ֮ܺģȻܣȥͶˡ
ˣأԸԸʽѧԺΪѧԺʦѯʵ
Ը⣬Ը⡣ʵԺʱ޿̶عѧԺ뿪ѧԺ֮֮дãҲŸӵԺҵİжڵΪ磬벻ԺࡣҲԼ̫Ϊˣ뻹Щڡ˴ܻعѧԺһúõѧԺ̵ѧһЩо˵Ĵ㣬ܻصѧԺĺܺá
ǼʱҲЦ
ǺãҴѧԺʽƸΪѧԺоʦѧԺƸ飬ҪûĻǩԼ֡˵ŰѧԺԼ˳ƸɲһĶһǩˣԺ˾ͺѧԺ󶨵һ飬ѧԺҪǱԼ϶ҲҪܵӰ죬ԳΪѧԺʦ֮ԺһξػѧԺ
һʦȻֻҪ̵ѧͺˣ˽ɾżΪʦȻҪѧԺѧԺ
һγ֪ˣҶԺѧԺҵļңҪѧԺȻҵĵˡʵ֮ǰպ˵ҺһǼ̳ѧԺ֮־ڵĳɾ͡ѧԺˣɵ־ҲʧˣǼ̳֮־ĴߵʱȻҲͳΪ޸ƼҲֻѧԺԶǿʢȥǲܻİȫĳá
ǵ˵ͷʵֹպͿˣѧԺˣ˵඼Ǽ̳ɵ־ɵĻɵľ
ԺʱɵʱҲ׵ĳΪࡣ

˽뵽ѧԺ֮˾޴ĺ䶯
ˣˡ˵صѧԺΪѧԺоʦ̫˷ˡң뵱㱻뿪ѧԺϧ𣬺һֵˣؾ۵һ顣ƾ˵ţ۾ЩʪˣһԵĿȫһޱӣƾƾЩͷԣѵԼݵ⡣
ˣôˣǵˣľܰڻ㣬Ż뿪ѧԺΪ㣬һؽʮ˲̡ܾôڻˣˣͲǵˣ˵õĹĪأĺǿˡƾЩŭ˵ȫһԹһ͵һ¿ˣֿ˵ɫЩǱԼжˡ
ˣȻ㲻ǵңҾˡƾװЩʧӣһƬģȴ³ɱ
ıӰЩЩį
ȵȡʱڿˣƾʱһϲԼƵĻˣΪĿˣ϶ö٣ԼܲҲ񾳽磬ԺɾͿˣԼɹһͶˡ
ˣƾͷ
ƾǰ飬ǾͲҪˡʱ򵭵˵ѾԺ˵ˣ֮뿪ѧԺߵģԲû㣬Ҷ뿪ѧԺ㵱ʱ˵ȥңʵҰˣҲѾһС
ƾɵۣԺǿôôʲô˵ⲻҵô
ƾڨڨ֪˵Ǳסˡ
Ǹһ飬ˡƾǺһЦҪ뿪
ͣˣԺҪʦ˵ţȴҡҡͷΪҵԼ·УұԺƣҲں汾Դĵ·Щˣǳɾ棬Ժ񾳽綼ڻ¡ƾ߽ݾ֮ôĽݾߣ񾳽磬ûκεĽݾ˽ݾͻƵ񾳽磬ԺҲǸ񡣡
֮ǰԼ˵˼һǲҪƾԼ
ƾΪ񣬱뿿ԼС
ѧԺԴ֮ء
ǳ˼һɡλʦţҪ뵽Դ֮пһʼĽʼ϶һЩʲôĵطҶˣҶȥˣȴûҵʼκκۼΨһĿܾԴ֮ˡ
ɺɶһȻ˵ͷ


2039 Իʼ
Դ֮Уͻ룬㡣ԴѧԺҲѧԺһϡСѧввѧԼоԴѧյ㡣
Դ֮ʲôѧԺʦǶܺ档
֮ǰͳŽԴ֮Уȴһ󲻵òǾԴܻΣգֹʦȥ̽ԴԷ⡣ǾԼʵȻ޷ﵽʼĵز棬ɱѾô׵һ飬Ÿҽȥһԡ
ȥˣҳ⣬ǾʹѧԺ
˵ţԴһ˹ȥ
ԴʣǷȫһ˵ĶǽԴһ˲䣬͸оԼ궼ҪֽϸڱǾǱʴһ׼ʼתϸٴεҲûһá
ϵͳʱ㻹һеôԴʲôǲı壬ʲô治˵ôҽȥˣһоˡŹͨϵͳǸûеõκεĻӦ˭ƣҲκ˵ӣǳʯͷԼĽš
һĳԴȥѾӰ
ɺɿѾƽԴЩѧԺľ֧ҲѧԺǿսǳ˲⣬ѧԺҲ군ˡȻǾǲ⣬ǿǶ˵࣬ҲЩ
Դ֮Уǲϵ룬ԼʶѾȫʧȥãǰȫһƬ磬һƬδ֪еһзﶼʧȥã涼ʧȥϵˡʶҲڲϵɥʧ˺Ҫ˯һǵ־磬һ겻ϢҲŶԡ
ԣܲ
ǿԼԺ֮Ҳڴ߶ֶΣñȵҵħ䣬ŵĴȵȣЩȫˣûκεôҧҧóһ컯һȥ컯ѧԺߵȼɵ˿ƺôһôǱ΢һЩ϶Ѹٵسȥ
Ҳ֪˶ã˶оҪɥʧʶʱǰȻһ⡣
ǵʶҲ˲ع֮ǰֲҲȫʧˡ
ˡ
һоղĺΣգһ񣬿Ѿʶɢˣ
ֻǣģ
ǿ˿ΧЩȣΪﾹȻһһӴСؿռ䡣
ԴڲĿռ䣿
ԲԴΪʲôһռ䣬ռ˭ٵģ
ʼ棿
ŵҲʱֻռģһƳĹȻ貵Ĺâһִա
ЩȣͿǹûһ˵ӰӰޱȿ࣬Ʊˣ£ȫʼ֮еʼһ޶
ʼ棡
ţ񲢲ʼֻһʼ־ͶӰ
Ѿǰʼֻһ־ֻΪĵ־
ˣҵܾˡԪû뵽ǻټһ졣ʼţǣЩʣҵ־ѵʱӦѾˣ֪ʼǷ񻹴ţ
Ǵ˿Щ±ƣʲôǻټһ죬֮ǰô
Ǹҿ϶ʱʼˡ
ʼϴˡ
ʼ棬ǣѧԺԺ˵ʼ滹ţʼǺܺáʼڲϵرʼҲڻΪԭʼʺ̲ٶȣӦò˶꣬ʼͻᱻɵǵ˵
棬ڵĳƺôʼ˳˼֮У춼û˵
Ǹ㲻ʼ־ô£ƺԴôһ
ǲǶҸղŵĻЩɻʵҲû˵ļ㡣ʼ濴ǣϾȻһ˿ѰζЦݣЩ㻹޷⣬ʵҲһܽ뵽ǾԴˣ
˭Щˣʼʲôգú˵ôԣһѾˡ
Ǹ㡣ʼʱ򻺻˼άѣһҲЩʱգʲôģŪ߶ѡ
ʲôѾоһҲ֪ʶḻѾʲôùģʼ˵ЩȻһ㶼Ҿ˭㵹˵׵㰡
Ǹоʼܰ˱Ʒ衣
Ѿ˵ĺˣԼû׶ѡˣһ־ֻΪ˸һЩ顣ʼ滺ȻҪ飬ӦҲҪҵġȻĻҲҵȻʰɣش𡣡
ʼ־Ȼ̳ʼܶļ䡣
ǿʼ־лɢƣ²ʼ־ܴڲ˶೤ʱ䣬Ҳҵ飬ֱӾͿʼ
ȻˣҾͲˡȵĻҵ굽׷ʲôΪʲô䣬ô£һеһжǴӵ֮¿ʼģڵһвǵѡֻ֪ЩҲֵܽ⣬Ӷ档
˷룬֮ڹУڶûܸ굽׷ʲô
ʼĬˣƺϵǻôʣҲǵһսˣ˵ʵҲ֪ȫ࣬ҿ԰֪ȫ㡣
ǵ˵ͷϴ
ʵҪʼ˵ãã֮УʼڱȽϽ棬֮Ƿ棬ӦûеġһʵһܷĹһʺ޵ģ֮е鲻ϵ࣬ǿԽԽ࣬ͻܴﵽһޣﵽ˼֮ûеڵİ취ͻϻĵ·ȴﵽޣһʹ󵽼޵ʱԱҲʱıԴܵһλãҲʼڡʱıԴһǾǻˮ̲ʼ档ֻҪʼʺͿ׳ȥҲͲֱȻʵҲα겻αİ취ǸʱѾûѡˡ
ԭһеԭڡҲͺڵЩһһҷչһޣ޷չȥڲìܿʼʱЩҾͻȥսڲìתⲿȥֻǿϧЩԵĹңȫΪܺʵ޹
ıԴ߶֮£Ӵˣ֮һͨͨҲʮλǷ֡ЩǵʱҲﵽһƿв˶Ϊƿǣܳû̲ʼ棬ҲƿЩ˳Ӧ汾Դ־Ҫʼ棬дͷλԪ֮֮ʱ֮
ȵȣʱ֮Ҳǵ֮һ
Щ⣬Ȼû˺˵ʱ֮ﶼû֪
ʱ֮ǿһУʼ棬ʧˣΪʼ滹ǿߡʼ˵ʱҲЩ⡣
˵飬һ˵ֵʮλֱǿ¡ǳǵڣһ޷⣬ôôǿġ
㻹ûп͸ıʡʼ浭Ŀ˿ǣһٵǿߣʵƵģΪⱾҲһַ򡣼һͨ񣬼Ϊһ浱֧ŵļҲǲʮλ񣬶Ԫ֮֮ʱ֮һ˲ռλڵʱʼ棬ֻвʮˣʵҲߣԭҲһռ˲ʮλҲôǿԭ򡣡
ˣת̾һ汾ԴȫƹҲʧˣԵѾԸоͻƵ񾳽øˡԪǣҲȵǿ࣬Ӧͳ˵ʮ֮汾ԴֺܴôֲôҶ汾ԴôĮˡ
ʱһˣǰƵȫʧ
Ժδزܳʼ̶ֳȵǿߣԶԶǿʼǿߣǿֵ߳Խ࣬ҲԽ졣
Ǽ˵顣ʼҲ֪ʱǨѾʱһʮλ֮ǸʱҲûκε˷ܣǣΪ汾Դ汾Դݻˣʧȥ汾Դĵأǳ顣˺ܶİ취Ѿ죬һڸߴһڵʹ֮·ƿˮȻӸߴŵʹ
ײһ־ཻ棬һһǲɱ飬ֻʤѡҲ⣬ϾѾﵽԼļޣ־϶Ҳﵽǿʼǲ˲١ţ֮֮ǲ˻ģ
ƣʼЦˣɲƣǸȡѡǵû汾Դ򣬿ʼԪ븲ʼ棬ֻʼʺʱΪʼĴôܽܡԣұҪʲô
ѡԼѾµˡ
ҲĿΪ֮ǿ飬ҵΡԼΪϣԪܴӦʼһƬ֮أи̸еľǻġͬˣҶԴҲ⣬Ϊ븲ʼ棬ҪɱңԸޣʱǼӦҲӦʼ浭Į˵ʵǸ磬Ѿʲô壬ҲҪΪҾÿϧ뿪֮󣬼ʶֲֿ֮ʵʲôģǿĺ͸ǿһֽѡ
ǺǺǣ˭Ϊϧˡ
ʼ˵ĿֲͻȻЩëȻ
Ըޣǰ׳աҿ˻һҰĵˣҪѣҪ࣬쵽汾ԴһУ϶汾ԴҪҪʼ棬Ǽһﵱһ࣬Ҫ汾Դ򣬾汾Դ̫ΣˡȻˣȻҪһ֮ҰԼĴΪת޸ӦҲûʧȻʼͲˡʼ浭˵š
飬汾ԴҲֻлĲ͵Ϯ汾ԴʼǱȻĻҪǿ벻֮УΪ汾Դʱ̶ڷֻҪʼҪ棬ܴ߶һֵ
ʼǿһΪУҲǲܵ顣
ԭеô૵Ϊ͵Ϯ汾ԴԣӦûûԼѾоĴڡ
ٺ飬ʼҲ֪ˣϾǸʱѾˡ
һһЩɻ֮⵽ʲô֮⿴ʲôǳܺʼ浽֮⿴ʲôΪ֮Ψһһ뿪飬ʼܣʲô飬Ρ


2040 ֹͣҾ
ʼʱǣɫЩء
ǲԣ֮⿴ʲô㿴Ҹʲôѵҵлɡ
Щɣʼ־·˰ɡ
Ҳʱֻʼ־ڣ֮⣬ҿһƬ޵磬δڣҪҿ㡣
һŵĿʼ档
ʲô˼
֮ǰʼ˵ּˣ˵֮⿴ѵĺܲһ㣬ʲôݡ
Լ֪
ϵͳô
һǵģ϶ʼˡ
ǵ˵ͷһж͵ͨˣҲûм׷ʣҿ˼ǾͲˡ֮в˶׷ѣ˵˾ǰԼΪ㣬ôܳѣƺûȷĵ·ñȻ֮汾ԴԼȥǳˡô
ѯʼʵҲȷԺѧԺ·
ľ磬Ҫôߣ񾳽յôǲŵġñԼоԼԶԶûдﵽޡֻҪʱĻȫܴﵽʼǸΣǳʼǸΡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣Ҳ͸ոԼıԴЩԴԶԶﲻƿĳ̶ȣҲԶԶûдﵽһ۷壬ϸռ仹ܼʱһϸһпܵ顣ߣ֮ǰԼ֮й棬˪ĹһͨԼϸȫԼ֮еתӵĸ٣֮ǰǧ򱶡
ļ޻Զˡ
ڵѾʵǰһж˵ָǿʲô̶ȡ
ʼ濴ǣʱ򻺻ʲôҲ޷⣬ҿʵԾǨԼΪһΡǾǺӳת䣬һסôѣʵ֮ǰй²⣬ֲ²֮Ԫ֮ʱ֮ҲӦ֪ҾͰֲ²㡣
г֮
ǶЩû뵽ģʶˣ˵š
ʼͷʵǴһ۳һǧǧɱ䣬ﵽһǧǧʱ򣬵ʱ֮յЩܱԼΪУΪһ֣ˣҲ޷ⲿֵգͶ뵽ת֮СǸʱĲ𣬶Ҳʱڶ壬Ҳﵽ߽׵Ļܰƣ֮Ҳ޷Ѿ˵һѾӵ˲߽׵ӦòѡһҲѵġ꣬ҲﵽУʲôʵⶫ˵Ҳһ־汾Դ־һЩ־һ־Ҫ࣬ǾҪвϵǿǿֱӵİ취ںϸĲʡ˵϶Ҫˣʲôǲʣô˵أ֮ĲֻһǾ̺Ĺô˵ǹ򣬲ǷʲôеĻ˵תһֳ򣬶ǹгһ顣汾ԴΪʲôôǿʵΪܲЩ򣬿Ҳǲݣܶ޸ġ汾Դˣ֮еֹȻЧʧǵҲںЩǵҲûʧȻš

飿
Ǻ𾪣ʼȫһµ˼·
ҲɵЩʵ͸ˡ
ڵ汾ԴȻûл֮еĸȻѭԼתĹɣȻܵľͷȻΧ̫תǵĹâȻ䵽ϡ
еķȻãûΪ汾Դʧȥá
汾Դֻһ־˵ǵתһ˵ˣ֮езʧЧˡֻȱֵ⣬ȱ˾ϵͳĺȱ๤ĳС
汾Դδػ
뵽һЩܶе⣬ʺתǾ˲汾ԴӦҲתȥ
ʲô˲汾ԴǾҪ汾ԴôǿС
ллһЩҪѵĻ̫ˣңҲһûдɡε̾һأǲѾһ
ʼףѾҶӵ߽׵壬ֻҵ껹ûдﵽĲ༶ʱ֮뿪ʼȥ̽ҲҪѰ겻ıԵ
ԭʼĶЩ⡣
Ȼˣ߽أ˵ģ߽׵֮ȫΪԼģҲᱻǺ
ʼ浭˻ģȻôôǿǸȻĻֻҪǸţͻ᲻ϵųȥն𡣡

͵һ˵ǵ֮ͨ·Բԣ֮ǰҾʣͨôˣԭǱסˡֱǿĺǿҲ̫ΰˣ˾塣
ʼЦЦΰô
ʼ浮ĵһʵЩֻΪʼȥ
̹һһУҲҪػһС
ΪˣԼҲֻΪʼԻһܹȥ
ʼ棬̫ΰ
һǶЩһС
ɲʥˣ
ûʲôʵˣ㻹ʲôҪҵģ̾һʼõЩѶϢþòƽϢȥ֮Ҫúõһֱۣ߸棬ڷ֪ͬʱǰ·˸׼ȷĹ滮
ʲôҪġʼʱָָԴЩ֪ʲôʵһƵЩӦþܶԼλ壬ܿһ壬Ӳ޷߽壬ȫԼԼ߽塣ɺϵѾֻҪЩϸ滻ͻӵ߽塣̣꣬Ϊû˱ӵеǿ󡣡
һû뵽ЩԭԼɳѵô
ֻмʼһЩĪĻҪԼˡ
֪ˣҾЩһֱ֣ʲô⣬ôһ˵ҵǷˡǵô㻹ʲôδ˵Ը
Ҫʼ渲֪ҵ˼ʼ֮е޹ġʼ浭˵ҵԸҲһ־ԭҰеϣϣ֪ܽ⣬ҲֻܣϾҴġ
ðɣȻ˵ЩûͷûԵģһ˵Ĳʼ޹ģһԣǸô޹飬ʵ̡̫Ϊ˴ĳЩ˲ɸ˵ĿģôȥǲЩȥˣҲֻˣ̫ƽȻʼΪҲҲǵ˵š
Ҳˣʼƣı޷ܾһ顣
Ϊ̳еѧԺһ汻
ڤڤ֮Уע
ΪˣҪȫΪˡ
ʼһʧˣһ־ǧԪܴ֮Ѿ漣ȻҲԴȻ־Ӵ϶ͱʴûм뿪ǿԴʱԴ赲ʵ̫£һ컯նյߵڲռ֮С
ȥĻǿɲһ컯
ʼ˵ЩԴҾܶԼȻʼ沢֪ҵҵ֮пûֻһϸ棬Ȼ¯ˡĹľ¯ȼյ¯ۻһеʣЩתȻ͵ÿһϸ֮СҲҿԴ¯һ¯ţǰ¯ļޣʼ˵飬òǡ
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ȫһ¯߱ԣˣЩҲֻһֱȼյͷ
һֻ֪ҪԼɹˣջ϶ǿֲġ
ʵҲһ޴ʱѹԪһͷ档
ڳԴ֮ǰǻһҪǾٴιͨϵͳھԼѾප쵽ϵͳܣʱֱϵͳˡ

ϵͳȻǶЩ⣬ϵͳѾоΣ
ǵĮϵͳѾ֪ɡʼ뿪棬֮⣬֮һǷɡҲ֪ΪʲôѡңҲȽϺáôǿǿ㼶޷ԭ档ǳڵһʣܿ£ѡʲôĿģ
ǵĲ²⣬ܾϵͳвɸ˵Ŀģ˵ɫǲãҲЩ䡣
ڵõϵͳƺȫϵͳİڲ֮С
ɽϣĻ䣬ԸҪԺȻһѧԺȥԺ͸¶Ź졣
ôɺϵ飿
ȽϺãҲԼƭԼѡ
ϵͳչֳǿС˵еС˵еĹЩ츳ĵҩͿƬΪĵҩֱĻ׳һ֪ȱʲôȻ͸ʲô
һУȫӦһ
̫ѧ
ϵͳ񾳽ʦܴ߽㼶ֻҪʮŪһľ
汾Դһ
ϵͳȫĳʶ
ʵô㵽ʲôɸ˵Ŀģ㵽ʲô˵ѹͲǶǰԼװ֪ϵͳ棬֪ϵͳĲˣΪѾڵΪ磬ϵͳҪڹؼʱ֣ܻܿ뵽ٲ֮ء
ھͰ˵ϵͳ
ϵͳûͣһ
֪ϵͳ϶ĻǸɶװư͡
ô˵ˣ
Ц˵㵽ʲô̹״ӿܴϣȻҵ㣬ʱֱӾͰͶ뵽¯֮ˣڶ
Ҿ㡣
ϵͳЩ⧲
Բۣôˣѿڶ˵ʲô˵ңⲻǱŷˣϵͳɶʱǻˡ
㡣ϵͳǿ
㻹ûˡǸоԼܵ衣
ϵͳѾԼʹӽ쿪ʼʽֹͣ񡣡ϵͳеŲ˵ʲôϵͳͳû
ȥԡɵˣֱӱ˴ֿڣôúõػֹͣˣٸҴ켸񾳽ʦҲðҲʲôôô
Ǵ˿һְʯͷԼŵĸоѪ
ؼûи㶮ϵͳʲô⣬ǵòʧ
һҡͷȻϵͳסĸˣͷҪԼ
ûϵͳЩʧġ
ˣϵͳҵİѾٴ񾳽ʦǳǴﵽʦҲ޷ı૵ʦѾҪģҪѧѧԺ֮нɰ˼ѧѾ٣仨괴һ񾳽ʦ绨һ񾳽ѧҦܡСȡ졢׵ȵȣЩ˶кܴļڼͻƾ硣
ѧԺҪѧѾõʱ汾Դݣ洦һ˼ܵʱͻ񾳽Ҳرס
˽Ĵ㣬ҲЩ
ˣԴɡ
ǿǰԴʵĺöֻҪɹˣʱӵ¯ѹ죬ţѧԺʱ
¯˳ȥԴڲռ֮С
ȼյ¯֮гһֲУбȺڶҪֲҪ䣬еתԽӵʢԴҲеһԴǣ¯֮С

Դ뵽¯֮Уˮ䵽͹棬̶
ֻо¯Ǳʲôݺݵػһ£ʱҲЩңѡһԴֱһԴ¯Ҫ
ԴӴյٶʵ̫ˡ
һʱȥҲͽڷ֮һԴҪеԴˣֲ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
ڷ֮һԴ¯˿ڿӡȫΪ
ҲЩˣΪʲôܼ̳ʼΪһʧȥԼˣЩ㼶ǿԱյģֻ汾ԴѾ޷ٿЩˡӵ˲꣬ЩǲǾĿԲ𣬴ﵽѵĿġ
ֻû֧ţһʲôԪ񣬻ǹꣿ
ⲻĳѣҲﵽ״̬С


2041 Уɵ
ʱһĹȥ¯ͣЪȼš
һԴ¯ɣΪ¯һ֣ԭɫ¯ضһɫ
ÿԴҲǲ֮˺ʼ̸˸֪ĽǶҲǰͬ塢꣬ЩĲ֮£شﵽһͳһڳҲһȷ֪֮·ҲԽӵȷ
棬ԼδҲԼ뷨
Ժ·ã
ٴ۵ʱѾһٰʮ֮ˡ
˲ʮ֮һԴ¯ҲӵһЩԡҪ¯תΪ¯ҪԴٵĻҪһСڵĻȥһˣȻѧԺʦѧǶõˡţ뿪ԴѾһ¡ΪѾʮ֮һԴȫ԰ЩԴ棬ӶֹԴʴ
ѧԺ֮Уǿ硣
Ժ뵽Դ֮һٰʮˣʲôʱܹɵǻΪЩĵģյǴѶϢ˵û飬ǲŷģѧԺ֮Уɰ˼ѧѾ˰ˣԺҪ֪ϢҲο
ٵȵȰɣЩ滹ƽûгʲôĶңѧԺʱѸٷչѧҲĳɳǣɶϣڽİɾżġɵ
ǰ񾳽汾Դݣúס
ѧԺ֮⣬һٰʮ񾳽磬ǰһǧԪûгô
ԺջСȻһαչôáԺ˵ѧԺʱҪˡѩӥ֪һصˣξȻչһٰʮ꣬涼¶һΣ϶ʲôΪҪ顣
ҲĬĬͷ
ʱ򣬾޸Ȼ۾һԴǱжԺˣ
Ҳоˡ
Ժ˲֪ԺǴʲôϲ
ߣȥӭԺ
λɾżʦӰһ˲Ͷ뿪ǿ硣
Ǹո뿪ԴҪԼİ칫ȥǸǰͳӰмλʦȻвѧԺѧ
Ժ
һȺ˵ϹϾ
ǵ˵ͷҸոʶɨһѧԺұչصЩ֮УѧԺ˲ѧѧԺҲǸһ¥ֵñһع֮һЩţѧԺ֪ᷢͨǻȥȺ򼴿ɡɼλʦЩҪ˵
ǣԺ

ٴλصǿ磬ûֱӾͰʼ˵ȫ˼λʦ
ѧԺɾżʦѧԺߵսѧԺĿֻһǾƿһʱһѧԺ֮˵ʱΪ˵ĻѧԺܻѧԺп뵽ٲ֮أǱôǰǺʲô𣿶ҲɲǲҪԴˡ˵
ɵʱ
ǺȫΪҲϧǵľġ
Ҳֻɣܽ
ãҵԸԺһɼԪ
ɣҫ
ԺǾˣ
λʦǳţ˵ҲЦ
ףʼ˵ĳ֮Ѿ뵽ѧԺϵ֮СˣҸ˹ɵ⣬Ҳȫ뵽ɵϵ֮СҴٰһЩȥɵľ־ġѧԺʼǵʼҪʽбȡǰʽʲôʱ涼ɣҲͳɹˡ
Ժʱû˻
ѧԺȱһĽ
ѧԺҪһµļԪνһеĿʼ

ҪϢʹ˳ȥνҲǺֻ泯ѧԺ泯ˡ
ڵĽϵΧΧʮЩֻҪѧԺԺ֮ڤڤ֮ҲǵĽ֮
ʱ䶨ʮ֮еЩѾס
ʮľţ˶һ
ʮţܻڤڤ֮еˣѧԺǸһǱڡ
ʮżһ˺ͱҡ

ǵļУ֪ƽѾ࣬Ҳϧ
죬ǵĸĸԼ˪ĸ׻үүȫˣһμͥۻᣬҲ˪ǿҪġ
ǲǺ⣬ԼЩԼĺþöûмˡ
үӿǣ˿̶ЩнôҲû뵽ǸϵСӣھȻΪһˣҪԺˡ
˪ĸǲ΢ɢƶѹĴ⻹Ǽˡ
ǵĸĸǿҲЩңǿǰѾȫ޷Ķϵһˡ
ûˣҲذҵԺǵѾھıָңȴֺô
ԣûˣûˡүǿЦ˵չˣγǲջܴ󣬽ʲô㣿ǱҲоΣƵѧԺ
Ǳչˣջ񻹿ԣʵ˲ɣڽĻҿܻɱһЩ澡ɵһʱΣȥġ˵ţȻͣ˶ȫûһǺأ֪ǲǱŵˣֻǼͥۻᣬ̸ЩˡҴѧԺһЩʳģһҳһ
˪Ҳ̾һЩΡ
ʵγûз֣ڵǣԼѾͨ˵ķ롣
ǲ߸ϣǵΪ磬һ𣬿ܾܵ߸ʱա
ðɣ˵°ɡǶҺǸĳᣬҪһ顭һˡ˪˵ţʱǸûзӦޱȳԾĿ˪ǵĸĸҲһɵˡ
ˣ
˪ˣȻҪһӣҲ̫ˡ
ҡҡͷܸоﲻԣԼչһٰʮ꣬ôؾԼҪϢԼͷṵ̂ɡ
ץס˪뵽˪֮УʱͿ˪С֮һԵһ΢Ϣܵ룬ǵϢޱȵĻԾ
Ļˣ
ţҿ⻳еʱ䶼пˣ־ǿߣѣҲޱȵĳڹȥ꣬Ҳ൱ǰָոջµиˣǸкҼ̳Һ˪츳
ǵĸĸԼүɲЩ˿̶Ǽޱȡ
ǶҪˡ
ܹ⣬ЩһӣԺҲ顣
˪ȻΪ˽㣬һҲЦš
ɽ
Ǻ˪ЩпĪû뵽ȥһǧ꣬ǶҪԼĺӣ̼ǵԼһμ飬㻹ҵƭӣǸʱңɲһƭӡ
˪ǻ棬£Ц˭˵˵ʵҶƭˡҲĵظм㣬㣬򲻻н죬֮Ҳĵλߵ˽죬Ȼû˵ǴҶ֪֧顣
΢΢ҡͷԼȻôΪ
Ҫ̫ΣգԼĺӣҲ֪ǺûǻǵҵļƻʧˣʱҲܵǣҪɹˣԺɶ
ɶ˪ȻȻҲЩʱ˭֪δô

Ҫһʵ̫䶯˲ԶֻΪһǵĽ
ѧԺ֮֮ʵѾ˺ܴӰ죬಻Ϊ֪Ľ䣬Щߵľ֮·
ѧԺԺ׸ʲôڣʱҪɽѧԺԺȻй򽲵еĵۡ˰ֹԴ˺ǲãǿ⡣
ѧԺЩһֱڴɵɵʵ̫ˣԺһʱЩϲĹƶҪɱˡѪ֮૵䡣֪ѧԺЩǶϵļ棬һеĻԴͷֻͷţƻƽԪס
ҿѧԺҪʲôѧԺԺʵǿҪʲôҲﲻ𣬵ʱҪԪǳֲСĳڰеԼС̡

ããվǰĲǱˣۡ
ǵ־ۣľɡ
ۣҲ˽ɰ˼Ϊ磬һɾż硣õʱ汾Դݣȱ汾Դ򣬶ѧԺҪӹһʱµ־ǷѧԺġҿǴȥ㲻ٽۣǳΪۣΪ񻰴˵ǵ
ɵʱ٣һУ
Ψһϧڵۻ̫Сھ뾡취۵
ԸԺš
š
ǵ˵ͷҲǺѣһ־ŷ˶ˣȻͻǿ֮⣬Ҳͨ˵׼Լ汾ԴƬϱǿ֮вں汾ԴƬĶͽ֮ץһЩǵıԴɣﵽɾżľ硣
ףǰﵽɾż粻̫ѡ
˵һΪְ˵漰ɵʲôһ־һĻһ˼롣ɵǿɳչ뵽һԵѭӶȻľ档ΪΪЩȾҪ߽ƣҰ޷ʰ
ԴˣҪ٣񾳽翪ʼԣҲҪѾ¹滮ɵľ硣ǰԪ浤ĸ磬Ϊ𵤡Ԫ񣬶Ԫ֮ҪԪ٣ݶΪľСٰɣɹ˾ܳɡȻɡɡɣɾ֮󣬾Ҫɽ٣ݶΪ٣ȻɡԪɺʥɾ磬Ҫʥɽ٣ݶΪž١˽ɾ磬ÿһСҪһ˥ȵ˽ɾżľ磬ÿһԪһ˥
ɽٲǽѣҪнٿԴߵ壬ɽٺԵõص⽱Ųô
֮췣͹£ÿ˵ƶһƶֵΪֵ˾ͻή췣ɲֱӻҷΪƵĿԻù£ܹ˽мӳ֣ǿͳ·

ǲϵزԼ۾׽ôˡ
ڻǿ뽵췣ʲôģһЩɾżһЦѡ
žҪƵĵطЩҪ˽ɾżԽɾżľ֮󣬲ȫʵʩҴһν֮󣬾ʽ֮ʱĻҲʼЩƣʱֱȰϵױ֮ȣϵسΧ죬ֱ档ǵ
֪ˡۻص

ڵ˽һ죬ڿռȻ貵Ĺâ
ϵԼΧʮ鶼ֻоԼ걻һ
ʼˣ
ʱֻһӰ˵Ժǡ
ѧԺԺһνѧԺκ˶ڣʼǸûзϻֱӾͿʼһζεֻԴ뵽ÿ˵Ժκ˶侳ĸо
ĽҪǽɣɵ
Ϊɵɵ˴ϲ֮нѳֶΣһ׷Ѱɵľɵǰ֮ͬľǣɵгദɳչɵççɵ޳ɵԼ׷ɵߣߡԺϵɵԴ֮أ־֮أΪ

ɵо磬ɹ𵤡ԪɡɡɡɡԪɡʥɡɣʮһ磬ַΪͨɡ̫ҽɡ޽ɡԪɡԪ̫ҽɡԪ޽ɡԪ޼ɡԪ޼̫ҽɡԪ޼޽ɾŸС磬ɾͻԪ޼ͬ٣ϲ𡣡

ɵʥģԿɵʯԿɳɡ

ɵͨһͣŽߡ

ɵǧ˰٣ġռ󷨡

ɵнѣľ١١žؽ٣˥췣Ψģա

ɵй£¼ӳ֣˺ͨ޽٣

ɵֻأڤ磬ת֮ᡣ

ǲϵؽһɵĻչ˿˶ͬʱҲ𾪵Ըӡ
ǸǺģ֮Ҳȫڣǲ֮ˣ˿Ҳƺһ֪ˡ


2042 ֮Ԫռ֮ս
ʱ䲻֪ѾȥɵѾ̵ӡ
ǾòˣɵѾ£ͿܿʲôĻ汾Դɵˣɵ־Ϊ֮£޻֮ΣɵĬ֮Ե棬ɻڷӣɵˡ
ڷ
ʲô
ɹ
˶мЩСոǻ۵飬ԼЩ飬Ǳûʲô֮ܵõڷɻԵڸıˡۻ־Ҳֻоһ仰˵ʱһ㣬ɳ棬ҫ
ĵ˵ͷΪ˻֮Ҳ鶼ȥ֮ԳԽ汾ԴֻķʽҪں汾ԴƬĻҪȫ
־ۣԽ࣬ԽǿԽǿҲԽǿ
˵Щ֮Ӱʧˣ˵ҲٴαһƬڰ
ˣһνɵĴǷ
֮ԪԴ˿
ϵΪģʮ˿̶֮¡Ȼ־ܱҲǿЩ򣬿ǵ˵棬¹ǲġٺ췣ǹ£Ҳϵڵɽڽ֮Ѿ˿ʼ־ʶ鿴ܷдľӿ뵽֮С
棬ҲǼ롣
Ƕ־ϿɣۻҲͳΪ֮ˡ
Ȼûô֮ѧԺУ֮ݿһ뵽֮У˿Щ֮ȥֻǼʱѾʮٲȻ֮䣬ʮѾΪԺʮ֮УΪ֮ʿ
ɽʮ֮һ
дϵʮСϵʮڣڼ㣬еǻҪˡͱȽһǧǰһﾳǿȻԳưһǵڣӿʹø֮ŨʱԭȻڱȽʱ
˴ǽӰ˻֮֮·
һŲľïܵϣһ峤Ĵ֮£ڼһʷǧ꣬ǿʿҲǿһѡǿĲǣһޣޣǲЩ޺޵ʳѡ
֮ø˿ϣǵϣ
̫еͬڣǸһ档ɵ·ţ徴ηɵɷӻԸԴ٣֮ڡȫļ룬Ժ˭֮ܽ˭Ӣۣʷ֮УΪ֮峤˵궼ǼޱȣΪӢۣ֮⽫ҫ
ûûҹĵһ֮ǻá
ˣõʲôɹѯʵ
һõĹţħǡࡢ׽񼸸磬Եǹ룬ܳɾ֮԰ɽƺ˵ţЩ֮ɫ֮ĺǶѧ֮ԺΪˣЩ޾Ҳˡ
ţԺߡˣ֪޽ô˵õĹɹ֮ӵֻ֮ǲ֪ʲôûлţ˵Ĳٵط֮ҲţѾʶڸ˵ʷҪ׸д
ɵ٣˴ɵΪߡ
ʮ˲ɵߣǲ֪
֮е˿ҲЩ𺳣ɵǿһµʱƺҪˡ
ѧԺҪʱЩΪʱкýȻѧԺɹд⡣
ѧԺ뿪ɼԪô־ȡ汾ԴҲֶҲЩϲŻȥɣЩǿڱɵơ˻˰ǧԪƷ汾Դ򣬿ɲٳһ汾Դ򡣡һɫ׵ӣЦ
ѧԺҪµʱȻɹ˸Ƕԡ

תۣһ
֮ױ鲼ʮ򣬶翪ʼɹߣ˿еѾʼҪͻƵɾ
Ԫٽ٣
ЩԪ񾳵ߣľ٣ȹ˵Ļɾɾ磬Դ˿Ǻӣɲ֮·ֱӾ˾ͷһЩõĻܱڤգ뵽ڤתޣõľֻܻҷˡɵĿ֮Ҳ¶˳˿ʼɣ̫̺ݶ
ѧԺߣ޶ԡ
һٰʮͻƵɾ߿ʼո¶ͷǣ澺ȡʤҲɻʮʤʱѾˣɹٵҪһͬҪǿ
ɱУҪӵǿʵ벻κεĥѣôõ顣ǶߵĿ飬ܸͨһͺ֮еʤ̭һʯ߿ʯ˵
ɹٵߣҲǿеĺôӼᶨ֮·
ſЦ·һˣ˿̶Щãˡ
˶ʼϲġ
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ʵһֶͽÿһ֮˾һͽܾԼǸԼһܶɹ١
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֮˴˿ҲܵˣǷԼĸӦһ˲ǿ
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ⲻ٣췣ʧǿôͷϵһźڹ⣬ӦΪֵǰѧԺԺ˵Ϊﵽһ̶ȣǻ췣ٵġɹ췣ǰɾҪǶɲȥǾֻлɢ
췣ΧΪ֮ˣҲǵսľ췣᲻ǡ
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췣ĳľ߶Ϊ
췣֣ȻҲй½١
һɾΪֿޣԼ򣬱Ϊ˲ΣҪˡ콵£޸ȫƣһͻƵɾ硣
췣£
ߴ˿̶˳˼ƺô򵥡

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֮һʼѾںϽ֮УĿռٴαѹ˵ٶȲôŶԡɿʼķ뵽˳˼֮Уܲ򵥡
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ǳ˰죬˵һ֣ܸоϢ֪ôҪʲôô棬ʵֵġˣʱʼǱӦжˣһսҲҵһսӦþҪʼˡ
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ѧԺ߳ȥϣɻʼ棬һսϣԹۡ

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ھɽϣ쳹꣬ľսʿҲǸŭ
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ɱ棬𣡡
Ϊʼ渴Ϊȥิ𣡡

Ľսʿŭţ棬ȥǺܷŭǺܲģûκ飬ΪʲôҪȥǣıԴʼıԴΪʲôҪǳеһеĺֻţֻԼĺȥʲô
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һսʿļͥ棬սʿİְȫװûκθ飬֪ԼһȥǱɣòȥ
ְ֣ܲܲȥһСŮץŰְֵսףԱߣСŮոմսףһĻסŮһʱĸŮ˶ǿ
СţְֲܲȥƬҪˣҪǲȥսȥΪһƬԺԺ㻹ЩСҲҪһΪһΪһδְֺΪһսҪޣһְֻ͵ӪȥʱսˣֻҪţһоֵõġսʿױŮʱ¶һĨЦݣԼŮΪŮһδþǸҲֵõġ
طʼսʿҲ˸
֮в뵽ʼʱȺҪĩյʱʼǰ
ΪսΪսһ˿⡣
ɽ۹
ɽ۹ĵ۾ͬ˵۾ǽ貵ѤõĻһλԻ͵ĹȥЩܾûʷ֮Сǽƣ翨һʥͣĪɽһսʿһľûĨɱǵĹȥ޵Ԫ֮޵֮޵Ҫ棬־ܣҪҪΪɱһδ壬Ϊū壬ࣻ壬ص
壬࣡
壬Ϊū
壬ص
Ľŭţɱѿռ˺ѣѺˮУѿȼ
˿ǺսϵҪˣſֲ裬Ҳƽʮ
ںսսһ֮ΪΪص˴ɽ۹֮Ȼûз󷨵оٲȻѾΪ˴ɽ۹ĵһʦڵҲΪ磬˿̵վڸ״ɽ۾ĸǰһľ֮ɫΪ˴ɽ۹Ϊ˽壬ؽƴһս
岻ţķ

˵۹Ĵ˵۾εѾһսҪʼˡ棬սʿԨսѪɽսǺսԼĺսĲԶ˵۹ĹȥĽսʿǲǻҪսսһҲҪսΪҪš
н˳Ĭˡ
ܻûҲ˰ˡ
ԸΪ帰
֪˭һн˶ǸŴ
˵۾û˵֪һս֮ǰܻŵĽ˲֪ж١һսܶڻңЩͨĲڻ֮еڻңɾڻ嵽֮գҲҪ׳Լ΢˿⡣

֮ء
Ͼһ࣬˵ȾһЩԶ塣
ʼڲսףһս״ӰǧԪ֮ǰ͸ʱնɱ˲˵Ĳ࣬һλ񣺡һսʼ˲أеҲһ֮࣬ô츳ľ涼ˡһսûдӸϽ⣬ʼΣûнҲһ˽ˡ
Ͼһ崫ʼѪļ̳ʼ壬Щ֮ϾһȻűвپž֮Ҫ˵ܽǰ֮ˣȴһûСʼ̾һҹΪʼ棬֪ҲһЩһսʤ̫Сˡ֮еǵһ֮࣬Ҳǵټռݵƣһսô򣿡
Ͼʼ濴͸Ҳرıۡ
һ壬ʼҲټǿ߻ع飺һսһȫԸսˣҲȻʼֱӱɣҲǵʱѾˣҶȥ׼ɣ
ǣʼ棡
һӦûκѾܵǵĲϣɲȥ
⼸֮⣬Ҳ׼

ʼڷ׷׸
ΪףǰվŵϣɣԼλսʿһλţǾе
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ãɽ۾Ŵɽ۹λλһն٣Žǵ۾һķ˹ǵ۾
ʼ棬񲻷ʲôһǷŵ۾Ƿʲô棬ھ壬ǷΪ
Ԫ۾ŵǴԪ۹Ѫǵ۾Ѫǵ۾Ҳͬĸĵܵܡ
Ǵ˵۹Ĵ˵۾ŵǴ˵۹Ĺǵ۾ǵ۾λ۾˵۹ͳȨȴ
壬Ҳʮһλ۾
֮⣬λϹλֱħһħ棬Լţħţħ۾һλһźӰӰħ۾
ʼҲ̫ˣȥսĻǱɡ񶼻ģһսƶôֱӾܺʼ档ϣһԷţ֪ģڸ߶ս棬̫ˡ
ʼȻǿֻΪ˻һƬʱֻҪ˵Щ˴ˣȻЭ񿴳ϣɵĵģ͵
˵ˣҲ֪ǲǶ֣ǺηһһĻǱҲδܳܵ
ҪϾЩкƾõɶôΪս
ϣ˰ɡϣҡҡͷЩ̫뵱ȻˣǴ֮ǲƴһսǵѵĻǰ˵սսгΪĻǰ˵սս
ʼʼһͬˣǴλ
ʼ棬£
׾ʼ棬
Դʼ棬˹
ħʼ棬ħ
ʼȫڴˣˣʮһˣˣˣƶʮˡ
٣̫ˣ
棬ɾʮλ֮
֮ǵʮλ棬Щ棬ֳ֮һλʼ棬Ϊ֮
ʼһǿ߶ˣ˵ʼδǵϡڵشѾ˽ˣʼڼٱԭôڹʼ档Ļ֮һʼѾΪʺ뵽֮Уõʼʺ룬ڱͣеŨҲӣҲԽԽʺ󣬵ԺȫʼʺǸֽʲôģʷκһʱڶҪ¡棬µ־ᵮԺҲԽʼεǿߡʼ渲Ѿɱ⣬ܶķȥֹȴʧˡΨһһ·뵽֮УΪе飬˲ǣΪı죬ΪǽȥֵǵΪǻֹǳѡʱѾް취ҪţǾֻһս񵭵˵Щ
ʵ˲пᣬںϣǱֻʼʺ
ʼ飬ȫ
޵ģʼ飬ǾܵõҲĸǿ
˵˽ҲãΪδҲãǴһֱĴ㣬ӰǧԪ֮ǰʵûиı⡣
ҲĬˡ
ʱϣɣּƻ׼ôˣ
ּƻĴ㣬ȫʧԺҲҪ취һӣⲿӾǻ֡
ֲǵͻٴθֵôһ졣
Ѿ׼ˣʮںǸĺͯΪ֡սܣһ͵ѧԺȥѧԺܱǵġ浽ʱδݵǣֻѧԺĳλʦѧ֮Сϣɵ˵š
棬Ҳɺ档
ԺʼЩ֣Ҳ񾳽磬Ͼ滹̫СˣԶ档
ûа취ս֮Ψһķ
ϣ̾һҲҪعԭΪѧԺѧҲֻѧԺӻЩʼӡ
ǲġ
Ԫ۾ţʱʲôĺ
ûϾ᣺˵°ɣʼһͨͨӦսҲԨսѪɽսǺսսԼս֮⣬еľҲ塣Щһֱ֮ͨսʿȥǴʵ֪ͨĴޣÿһͨһҲܴ͹ȥһˣʼжٸһˣǾǻһԪʱ䶼ܰȫ͹ȥ
ʵΪʲôǲһƬ򣬾Ϊǿ͹ȥ̫ˡ
һԪʼҡҡͷòһԪΪиһǧ꣬ʼͻᱻɵʲôʣˡΪ治ϵ׳ٶҲԽԽ졣
ǱȻǽҪô죬ѵҪǱߣħ֮Ǳߣ֮֮һֱںϵ·ӣƹܵʼǣʼ飬в飬˫ַǢЩ֤ںȫеģֻǴҶԴ˶Ӷˡܵ˵ӦڱȽ׺ߵġ
֪ѾѡǴӸ뵽֮УȻվȽŸ֮󣬲ȥֻҪռһƬ򣬵õһƬǾɹˡ񵭵Ҳ̺ܲңҲǶǱô壬ܴͨһ꣬ȫʼǨƳȥ
壬Ȼˣ黹ʼ档ʼҲǵ˵ͷ
Ǿȥ׼ɡռ壬ֻ֮Ҫǳ֣Ҫɱ
ã

һٶʮ֮ʷһ졣
Ϊһ죬ʼ֣ռ壬ʼսʿ棬֮죬ʼǣߣ
һ죬𶯣
һ죬Ľֱ״ơ
һ죬սͬʱӿֲֳʼӣսȫս
һ죬ѪȾ񷣬ң
һ죬ĩգ

Ժʼ淢ȫսȱƣ֮ȳ룬սۿҲҪزסˡһʼ㾡еƱҪ֮ռһƬء˵ոմӺսԤı˺ܾõʼ棬һӾ͹ںսķߣԣһʱʹѧԺɵˡ
ҲǽģѧԺغʼƴһս
ֻǸտʼΪûзԲűʼһӹ˶ദߣ淴Ļʼ϶شǿ϶ޱȵ˵
ǲ²һ߿ʼ˷ԪΪ˵䣬һʱվ˳һͬվĻ֮


2043 ˻飬
һ죬Ԫ֮
֣˹塣
桢塢塢е塢塭
֮дյ٣ѧԺҲ⡣
ͬʱԨսѪɽսǺսսԼ壬ռνı죬ЩڣҪǷʳԴǵóѡǵģǵļ԰ռ졣˶ӦӦ٣ǰǰ߶Կ塣һ֮УһԼ˵
壬ܻ˵ĴһһɳĺûᡣѾȥǰߣһڵʲô˸͵

ط˶ڶԱȥս
ѧԺ֮С
ѧԺļλʦڣɳ˵ҲѧԺ˵֣Ϊ飬ÿ˶еֿʼֵΡʵʼֵԭʼϾҪȫ뵽֮УܸһƬĵطҲ뷢֮ս˿ɲ֪ЩЩͽ׵ߣΪԼػ棬Լһȥսһޱȹٵ顣ЩˣȫΪԪ֮ǵӡ
ʦҲǳĬˣǰѧԺ֪ʲôá
ûãѧԺ赲һС
ҡҡͷʼǱˮһս֪Լȡʤȴǵֻһ;ȥսһЩͽȫƾһǻѪ߽׵߶ΪЩôһЩǿͻƵĻᣬ˵˾Ϊսĺôȥġ
սĲѣҲӱΪ񣬳Ϊּǿߡ
ѧԺô죿ҲǷҪǲȥսĻЩԵˣˮܰûˡҪȥĻЩʼ飬µȥôü
һս漰ѾһĲ࣬кñȷ쾳վ⾳ͨߡ
ʵЩͽߣǸκá
ֻΪ˻ѡ
ٶԪ֮£ֵͽ׵ʵֻһͯҪǳ֣ʵ̡̫ҡҡͷԽɾżΪȥɱһЩ쾳壬ĸɲùô˵ѧԺΪŰѧԺҲܺƽںϣͿ̿ԪҪĨɱ壬ǻҪ취ȥֹǲС
ԺǴѧԺţ˶Ÿɣѩӥ
ͺ˶ŸɣҲѧԺһᡣǵҴʼ飬ȫϰɵǼõɷתְΪߡܵõʼļ룬ʱҲȡ汾ԴĹؼһ
λʦЩˡ
ڳû٣ʼ治Ķ֣ҪԸŷɵѧԺͿԱӻǡ
ֻҲ̫ˣѧԺͺ˾ͳ׶ˡ
ԺʼȫתΪߣǰ׳ԪҲ׽־ַΧҾ񲻻ͬ⡣ʼȥҲɥʧԼֱתɵȫΪߵ飬ͬ⣿һԪ֮ǻôһٸԪǵĺ֪ʼô
Ǻγֻ֪ǿסˣһЦ
˵ԺҪ֮ԪΪѵ廹벻ͬڲϵظ棬ʼתɵµȡɵĻʼ涼ֻ֪ȡʹ⣬һֻεΪԺĳξðĿɳչʱҲҪ׸ıʼƾ
ǲùܣܲӦǵȵʼֲסʱȻӦġһԵЩǿӲı֮ԪĿôһ˶ûС
ʱյ˽Ĵ
Ժ֮ˡ
ȻҹˣҶ˵Щȥˡǵ˵ͷãȥ
ʼǵ֮޸Ȼ
ǼںϵģȫѧԺǲıϣļ룬ѧԺֶһսǵҲȥһ˼ˣҲһֵ˾ˡ

֮ǿǰӣЦ
ϴμ֮ʼ֮УʼѾȫռݡ
ϾҪȫսҪռݵĵطֻռ壬ܴĳתƱ顣
һ̶Ͽ˵屻ռݣҲζŴս׿ʼ
֮ǣڨڨϴԺ·壬˵һЩһΪֻЦʵ֡ڿһٸ־֮£ٲȻѾΪһƬ԰ȵһȥɽ٣ɽٲҲתֻصĻᡣתϵѭҲһʺѭһѭһ̶ȷʵٳֻ
֮ĸ֮һԲһֻأһֿɳչĵ·
ɣɵѧԺĿһ֮棬ʱֻزϢ٣ÿԼֻ֮ͷųʲı䣬Ҳֳһǿǵ˵һµʱһµļԪ֪֮ԸԸѧԺһ𿪱ʱ
ң
֮סû뵽ǻͻȻʵҲ˵ɵ飬뵽ĻŹ
ȻҲûеطȥˡ
֧ߺƽںϵ·ģҪ棬ȥ˼뵽ԪǵĶ֮С
ѧԺӦһҲƾŸоˡ
ǵģʽΪѧԺʦļ룬ѧԺҲһЩˣѧԺѾѧԺţҲߺƽںϵĵ·˵ţ˵֮Ŀ棬Ĳ
ѧԺĸҷţԸȥʹƽںϣҿԼѧԺΪѧԺʦ֮һ£Ҳ֪ʵվˣ֮ǿһ϶ˣ˵̫ܼ룬ƺѧԺΨһпܺ˿Һһ¡
λѧԺʦ˿ҲЦ֮ļ룬ѧԺɾֶһλ

һ֮ǱѾϡ
Ԫ֮֮֮֮֮֮Ѫ֮֮ԼԴ֮֮ħ֮Ĺ֮֮ħЫ֮ȵȣʮλųһкۼֻʺ
֮ѧԺҲԣϣܺƽںϣͬʱʾǴӺս뵽־壬ֻҪɵתɷԻӻ
ѧԺߣƵ
Ҳǡɡɡ޸ѩӥ𡢷աԼ֮
ʵ

һѧԺȻȻ˽а壬˵һʼʱѧԺɵʹӺսˣⲻʱע⣬㡣Դ֮ߵԪ֮ѧԺһܲȶأȥԸ壬ںǽ͵Ϯô죬ԲѧԺ
⻰м˺⶯ñħЫ֮֮ȵȡ
ǶѧԺдȻûѧԺ
еΪѧԺĲϷչ׳ǵ棬ȻҲûѧԺ
ѧԺһҲʮλʵλѧԺԺʵûУΪ塣ȶѧԺ֣ǺܻܿѧԺ֡ѧԺһȻЩҲֻɡõǵ棬ټȥѧԺĶ֮
ھͶѧԺ֣ѧԺ᲻᳹׵壿
Ȼܿܣ
жʮλټѧԺʮλǶǶʱǵʵѾ
ǾʱѧԺٶһʱ䡣֮ʵҲףڶɱˣǲ壬ȥԸѧԺæ߹ƶҪˡ
棬ж̬Ȳ񣿡Ԫ֮һ£֪Щ˶һȶأʱκһ񶼲ӣЩغãõȫ뵽ԼӪ֮С
֮ûӦ˵ĺ٣֪ʲô˼
Ȼ񣬵ȴսսܾǡ
֮ں汾ԴΪԱչΪڣԸս
ս֮ʱ֪֮㵽ȥˣϵ
֮֯ħ֪֮ʲô⣬аλ񡣡
Ԫ֮˵ͷĿǰӦҲôˣ֮涼ҲɣʱùǡͰ֮ģʵһ㣬ԴȴǾ֮һˣǸҾֱܾɱǡ
ǣ
֮˵ͷһ˿µɱ⡣
ƽʱԵ޹ʻɱһ߶˵ȥԪˣҪͰ֮Ĳأǵõʥּ
ɱһλ񣬿϶Ҳкܴջ񣬶˴˿̶ЩĽ֮ˡ
ս֮ģϵҲùҳ£һɱʱ֮Ϊֹ伣ҲʱᡣԪ֮૵Ҫķ֯ħ֮֮ʡ͵ĵƣǿ϶ͼıǰǾͺйᣬҲųǻᵹ塣
֯Щ˾ͽࡣ֮޺޵Щ飬ȴ年ᣬʵǸѧԺҪɶ񡣡
Щ˴οһѪ֮
Ԫ֮ȷûκ©񣬵˵ͷȰǼǰˡ

ĳ
֮ȥһսĲȥ֮˵
֮һλʯˣüͷֻǸոں汾Դɾ͵ʵʵޣȥսֵֻõһЩ汾ԴƬһʱ䣬ʵ֮ȥ
ڤ粻飬ʱҽѣҿһǻġ֮˵ţϳ֣Ȼˣȥɣ
ҪҶֻ֣ǲֶѣҪɱң֮סˣޱȡ
ôҲû뵽ͿʼӴܿ
ռ̣
֮ŭȵʱռǽһ֮ո벻꣬ͱסˡ
֮ɫ֣̿ͷȥֻ֮ϿʼϸܵļƬһԶž޳ˡԶž̻֮У˫¶µ׹⣬Ҫһжɵ
𣡡
޳Ű֮ȥڰ֮֮УͰѰ֮ȥ
ޣһУ֮ոͻƵκλ֮

ڡ
֣Ϊǿ飬ѵԹۣ֮ʵɱʤֻҪ˵һ֣ͰѽҲˡ
Ż֮һЦôԹۣ֮ǰֻûȥμ˻ĶѣϾֲ񿪻£ȥ˲̫ôǽҪսȻԴһȥѾŽŵӸϸսˣԼҲڵֵǰߡЩĻ쵰棬ֱҲɱǣĲΪˣ˭֪ҽ޵ľˡ
֮üЩһ
ߵӣƺޣ֮ǰ˵Ļ齣ûȥȷʵǸֻܲμӡ
ѵǴὣˣ
֮һ£֪ʱҪԽʵʦã׼һ£ʱȥսûп㣬ʱҲ
ҿ϶ȥ׼һ£ϾͳɱЩӣѾȲˡǣһᶼȥɱС
ɱɱɱ
֮Уŭ
֮˵ͷٻɣתˡ
Ż֮ԶһɫҲüΪѿĺ󱳾Ȼʪ͸ˡ
ԣ̫ݶˣԸսֱӾɱˡҸոյ֪˰֮³ȻҲҪ֮ˡ
ǰ̫ˡ˹Ҳ֪ǰ֮ôģǲӽˮˣȻҲܲս
Сӣǲ˵ʦҲӽˮˣŽһ˹ȥ֪ôݣϧ˰֮ҪҵĻںˣҲ
ʦ㡭
˵˵ҾͺϾʦͽϵ˵Ȼķ򣬡֮Ҳ̫ˣȥ壬һҪȥ˹ʮа˾ȥ޻أЩСҲһܶҪЩ˵ʲôֿ֣ʵڶԸϴƣʱ㶼ˣɽͷķŮ˿ɾȫǱ˵ˣҲûôɵ
ʦǽô죿ȥǵű׷ɱô
ٺ٣ȥѧԺѧԺԺȻ˽а壬϶ѧԺɣƽҲʲôս¡ǼѧԺһץǵ׳ҪѧԺһ˵ЩһԼ̱


2044 ʦ
˵꣬Ҳ飬һӾͰѽŸ
⽣űһ˿̱뵽֮Уƿռ䣬ٳѧԺȥ
֮ʵûԶܾЩԣҲʱо˽Ǳߵ쳣쵰һﾹȻƭңûսҪȥķѧԺҪȥͶѧԺ
һУ֮Ȼˣˡ
ҷϻŽ׷ȥǽٶȿɲļٶȷ֮ܵģռĻռ
ѧԺ־֮ء
ͰȫˣֻôҲû뵽һͶѧԺǼһѧԺʦǧټƣҳڣǲԸΪˣҵɽʮ꣬ǹġڵãҾȻѧԺһҪѧԺӻû취˭̫ˣͻƵ񾳽磬ʱƾҵļ²Ҳη֮вңҲпǧ
գܸоһֲ־һٸ֮Уϵȫɵ֮·ô˼Ҳʹ־Ϊ硣
ܿʱ޿̶б˼ľ뵽֮С
ЩʵΧƿҲԽԽǿ
ӭѧԺҵϿѶϢǱѧԺеˣעҪΪѧԺʦġ㼱ҴҵĹǲѾͨԸΪѧԺʦҿΪϵԺ
ΪѧԺʦ
˭ΪѧԺʦֻѰѧԺӻģһսȥҾҸˮؼҵĽȥ
ʦǲܵʦģֻҿɽġ
ʵ˵ѧԺڵĵ羰ˣҾ͹ι¡ԣҾι۵ģ֮ǰɻء㿴ҺѧԺʦҲͦģҾֱӽȥˡ񾳽־벻Ƕ֣ʱǿһ㣬ǧŭС
ѧԺĵ䣬꣬
ֻʱȴǾܾǾ̫ϧˣڳ֮ˣκ˶׼뵽ҵ־սڼ޷жǲǶǵΣ뿪
ɵˣý
ʱ򣬺Ŀռ˲һɿµϢƺڹ
֮һ׷ˣ
ɫ΢䣬֪϶ǻ֮⣬׷˹
治ҽȥвУܶѧԺʲôΣգҪǸʲô뷨ѧԺԺһƾңˣҪǱ֮ץסսҲֻ൱ڵͽ׵ǻ֮Ķ֣ʱǱɣأҪ
ʦѧԺǾ仰ԸΪѧԺʦҿڰϵԺ
һΪŭ֮ˡ
ģⲻ궿ôҴôԸѧԺԸΪѧԺʦҽȥ֮һɱˣٲҽȥҾҪˡˣ˿Ҳ˲Щˣܻ˭
ԥƺڿǽĻǼ١
ɡһ漴֪ôˡ
лǰһռͨɶҲ˵ֱ˽ȥ
ڽոʧ֮󣬻֮õǰʧĽֿ˿־Ļɫޱȡ
־Ҳ˻֮򣬷룡
֮ЦǿЦ棬ѧԺ滮һԪǡŰɣȽ֮֮󣬻ġ
˵֮󣬻֮뿪ˡ
Ҳ˭֪ǻ᲻ͻȻ֡

ѧԺ֮С
Щ±ƣԼոտһͨ˽ȥôһһأ񶼲ڵһ
ȿȡ
ɿŻЩͷԵĽ̲סѵþûҼѧԺ㶼װ֣û뵽ԼݷãҸո˵ʲôˣ㾹ȻҪѧԺʦôͻȻ뿪ˣͻȻ벻ˣ
ҲڷӦ˹
˿ΧһʮˣƺϢǿ
ﻹףǰЩȫΪǸ˻Ѩֵ档
ԼҪǵЩˣҲܲҡ
˵Ҹոֻ˵˵ôС˵ţ˿ǰļˡ
˵˵ϷˣǰǺôĵӡˣѧԺɲӭԲסˣֻܰͳȥˡˣոǸ֮ǺһİɣһֱӰ͵ߡʱ˵
𣬱𰡣Żˣͳȥ͵֮ߣⲻô㣬ô˵˵ҾӦƸѧԺʦģԣӦƸǧȷʵҶѧԺʮĽҵǳΪѧԺʦǶˡ
治˵˵ӦƸģɵ
ǣӦƸġҪˣô˶ңҸ˵ôôʱĲһˣֻǵѧԺܱܷͷģϾҪĪΪѧԺʦˣǿӰ
ţȻΪһ㣬ҲôãҲдߣǿ㲻Զʮڹ꣬ĹӦƸѧԺʦˡǵ˵ţ⻰Ľˣô˵ô
ӭѧԺʱЦվҲ׷վ
ӭ
ܲ˵ĵӶѧᣬû£ѧԺѧ϶ܹѧᡣ
λԺ۾ҳˡ

ʱﲻףոմҲ̶ѡ
ֻǾϡͿѧԺΪѧԺʦǸоһ
ôԼˣܸоÿ

ߣ֮ͷ˶ʼķ֮ս
һսʮλȫΪռƣǱߵֿʼܴ죬˶ڼ㡣
ԪĲʼһ·ɫ䣬ʼ浶ڵѪɱȥ񻹻䲻٣ոȥֻ֮ǿʼ֪֮⣬а֯ѧԺڻƴǣʱҲᱻЩ˱ˡ
˶ǳĬˣһսЩ˵Ԥϡ
ʼȫǺηǷηηţ˸ƣûзӳȫʼȻλˣȴһλֱӱɱҲǵù֮


2045 Դ
Ԫ֮ʱû˵֮ѾЦľҲﵽܹܵļޣӦҲеĵ棬ڵʼ棬Ŀ̫ˡں֮ʺı䣬٣µ汾Դ򣬵ʱҪһ;ʵѧԺһ˵ĺеһ޵ġЩҲƵģΪԺ治ô𣬲֣ܶǾͱʼС
˵Ҳǰͷ
ⲻܹǲ̣ûκһ޹ġ
ʼʺռЩ㣬Ѿ˼ޣĵطǻٷһʼҲѹǵռ䣬Ǿͻʺ
֮Եȥײʼ棬ԭ򣿡񵭵㿴ʼʺ̲ʼ棬׳ԼҲܽΣʧˣʼ㣬Ҳ˽ʱյľ档
浱ȷʵ˼ޣǧԪ棬ЩǻûжٵԽԽѳµ
ҲǸʱ汾Դʼ棬ɶԷıܡ
ҲǸʱıԴӦõ־˽ġ
ֱ汾Դ汾Դ־ڽѳΪһȫµҲ֮
ȻˣǾ͡ɱ
ɱһδ
Ϊʼ棬ɱ
񵭵Ҳٱκεϣ
ʮλսʱն飬޾ȥ嶼Ϊ˼
ʼҲ׳ΪһƬ棬Ѿ֮ǰйһС
ЩȥˣеĶ֪ʲôǲϣӶѣǵ˸ɲԼȥ

ʼ浶˲֮壬ֻ֮ûκεֵ֮ͱնء
ͬһʼ浶жϵ壬ûϵĿܡ
֮ҽһֻ°ߵӵٵĳԶӶݶȥ
شʵʣɡ
ǱѪ֮סϣɣҪϣɵѪӵʼѪǿȣʱʵҲһء
ǿѪһζ
ڵһʱͶϣɣϣɵʵǰ࣬˿ࡣ
ģôһ
ͨⶼѧԺѧģ
һͲˣһκβ㡣
Ѫ֮ŭҪˡ
ϣɣţ
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ϣһ֪ʼͼ
¯תһԶһ͵һھͰ֮ʬ˽ȥ
¡
֮뵽¯֮УɢЩѸٵϣɵ
ϣɵӵ߰ʮǧ˿Ѹ
߰ʮ
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ٰ߰ʮ

һ·ֱӳ˰˰ٸžŰٸٶȥ
¡
ĳ־ϵϰϣɵ˾Űٸ
ŰٸѾǸ߽
ҲǲԶˡ
ʵôô죿Ѫ֮ɵˣȫѹϣɣԼɱϣɣȴȫôΪˡ
ӵ˾ŰٸϣɣʵĿ¡
ȻǲɱϣƺѾܡ
㣡
ħ֮ʱһ˹
Ѫ֮û˵ʱҲ֪Ƕսʱ򣺡ãɱʱʼѪҷһݡ

ǱߣԪ֮֮Χ᧿Σ
ˡ
Ļָǿȫ̳ʼ츳
սΨս
ƺ֪ƣһеʼ浶Ѿ֪ȥ˶ٵ

һս֪˶ã˶ٵʱգ˵ʷҵһս
һսλ
ʼλֱǻʼԼţħ۾
λֱ֮֮Լ֮
ռƣһλ񣬳˵ԤϡҪΪʼЩ񺷲ηѾ֮⡣
⣬Ҳˣ˵Ҳһ֮ࡣ
˳ˣһսƻҪ
֮⣬ȥڼ㣬ʬ嶼һСϵˣٵķɴǱ鲼ٹꡣ
ң£һ

ǺĬûٴγ֣ȴȫһÿ춼ڼƵȥ
ѪȾ壬ȾΧǺӡ
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һȥ֮һ飬ֻҪ꣬˾Ͳˡһź۵ӳˣӿǰʬǣĮޱȣѱһǶɱ䡣ڶ壬ﵽ߽׵Ļܰƣ֮Ҳ޷꣬ҲﵽС˶֪ӵһǧǧɱ䣬ɾַͨʽĸûУԭʵܼ򵥣Ϊַʽвͨ˵ȱһӡʵԹžʹڣǳ֮ΪԴǵʣĵһԭֻǴԭѾǱԴˡܻɾԴҲʧˡһЩԴȴʧΪЩԴ֮ԴÿһЯĶûԴ֣ЩԴֻٴηص֮С
˵ţһץֻǵ֮ץ˳
һ˾ǿ
ȴһеԴͷǶӡ
˿ϥʼЩ궼֮ڣϵЩԴֻ֮Уһɫһ޸
ɫǱ
Ҳ˵ӵȻ֪ʲô̴ˣһĿЩԴȥȥ޸Լ
˭
ǻģʮλĻ֮
սҲΪ޸ԼƣҪɹˡ
ǵ˻֪ЩΪ֪ԴҲȼˣʱʵҲ֤һ˵
֮Գѡ
ΪʲôΪ֮޾飬Щʵ̺Դӵߣʵڶ
治ǱΪ㡣
һˡ


2046 ѡ
ʱȥת۾ǰǧꡣ
ǧʱ䣬ɽȥѾȫ޷ͳơ
Ҳ׳ţѧԺ߳ʱ䣬ʵһء
ʼ棬ǲ磬һֱսȥʼȫ𣬶߻ܱһ顣ִΧֱûʲôܸоڹôƶһУΪľ૵
оһоһƣֻǲ֪Ļ֮˭
ǲ²ǻģܾﲻԡ
Ͼĵ˶ûмǲǻţ޷ȷ
ܼȥˣҪ취ֹһУʱ̸һ̸ˡ룬ӰһѾ뿪ѧԺ
ģǲ֪ϣ֪
Ժ
ϣɵӰ˳ڵϣӵоŰٸϵĴǧʵѾȼλʦ
ϣɵʼѪʵ̫£츳ѧԺĿǰǵ֮һλġ
ϣɣû뵽ʵô졣پһѪӦþӵʵǵѧԺʵԽһ£ٴξѪа
˵ţǳϣɴһƪ
֮еɹʵǧ֣еĹкüʮǰ֡Ϊÿһָ߽׹Ѿôת漰˸ָۡ
ϣ֪ߵѪں֮ʵѪ֮ͬ
˼һ£ϣɵԺҵѪȥ󡣡
˵ţһѪǡ
סȻ˵ͷѪѪٴȻǱȲ㣬㹻ɾżľˡ
ڰϣҲûб뷨
˺ⲻǲģ˾һף˭ҲǷ˭
ȻҪǺ׬ˡ
߰ɣȥ񡣡
˵ţʵѾоϢȻϣɶԹģһʶϣϡ
ϣɣĺܿأһֱ㾡ȫ
û취ϣɵǱܴ󣬶ԺʼδҪϣ
õġ
ϣӦռ䣬ܿһƬв֮еĿռ䡣
һǾ͸оǿϢ
ʼǿӦȫڴˣʱЩǿ߶ǾޱȵĿǡ
Ҫô⣬Ҷûж⣬ȻĻѧԺֱӾͽ˵ˡǵ˵ȻԶĹû뵽ôּˡ
ǰ졣ˣɡ˵ţĴſˡ
ʱֻһӰҲ뵽˴֮УҲŲС
˿ǣ˵ͷҪлԺûվһȻһǿ϶ʧ󡣡
ҡҡͷ˵Ҷʼûж⣬ѾˣѧԺ֧ƽںϵġֻҲ֪ѧԺʵҲһ޷˵ľ
γ֪ˣڻʮһλ񣬶ʣµһ𣬶һôࡣ
Ժ˵һ쵽õĿİɡ̾һҲֱǰǣΪǣҲ⻹ǿϣɵϡ
ʼʵҲЩмģȻ˵ģѧԺҲѡֵĻҪܾͲֹˡ
ʵҽһѡģһҲʼ洫ȥѡ񡣡ǵʼ洦裬ԨսѪɽսǺսսսԼ壬ÿ춼ڵȥһֱȥĻʱʼ滹ʣʲôûбŤתǰİ취ǵȵʼֻһǾȫԪ֮ҲǿЩҲŶ֡
˵ͷ֪Ȼ˵ȴʵ
Ժ˵һѡģѡʲô˿ǣƺһ˿ϣ
ϣɣԼʼҲǺ֣֪ǵҪʲô
ʱҲɣһֱ뵽棬ʵҲˣڸ޷ͨͨӦսԨսѪɽսǺսԼսǰͬͻơʵսߣͻƣҺսӥ·򣬿ͨѧԺƵ֮ڡ
ӥ·ǰɵפصĵط
ﾭ˲֪ٴεĴսѧԺҲƹ㵽档
Ժʲô˼ʼӥ·ͻƣ뵽ѧԺƵ֮Уü
־Ѿ˽ɾżΪ磬ԹȻûĶֻ֡Ҫʼ뵽߾ܱʼİȫǱ֤
ҲЩ⶯
ȻһսͨʼҲ࣬طʼ鶼ˣֻҪﻹһֵʼ飬ʼҲ˸յӡ
ʼҲǷ׷Щ⶯
ϣҲһ֪ĻԺаٷ֮һʼԻ
Ҳһʱ򻺻Щ뵽ʼҪǼתѧԺ֮ȫΪߡ
ʲôʱϳ˷ŭ֮ɫ
Ҳûа취飬ѧԺҪЩʼ飬ҲҪ㹻ʵСʼ鶼ȥͻٴʱ־֮£޷С̯̯֣ʵǿԻǶ룬˹־ֵ֮УǲϿɹתְΪߣƾʲôʱǹƶҪΪʧȫΪϡ
һ̣ǳĬˡ
ʲôʥأ֮һƬء
ʼȥ֮ҪôͬҪô͵
ϸһ¡ѾһĹؼʱڣʲôǱǰ֮ǰһֽһʤ̭ԿһϣɣѧԺģҲܿѧԺ֮ĻǲԸⱻֻͬǴǼԺڣ㷨ȫΪȥԺļԪ֮Ԫ˳ӦʱǾֻܳΪʷ
˵նҲǺ顣
ǶһʱѽЩ㲻һַʽʼһУ
ͨˣϣҡʱҲˣһͨҲԻˡ˵վһ飬ˡ
˵ţǲ뿪ˡ


2047 ˱
ߺ󣬴Ԫ۹ĵ۾Ҳ̲סˣֱӾŭȵʲôǳû١ѧԺҪһ漶ȡǰ汾ԴھȻϡʼҪǶȥǵɵԺǵʲôһԪ֮ƶ֪ڹһʼ档
Ҳмˣǲ
ϣʱˣߵԪ۾˵עһ㣬ոԺ˵Ѿˣ֮޷յʱҲֻ·һ˵ʲôãҲߣҲǻع鵽ʼ档˼ǲҲҪ뿪ѧԺȥ
Ԫ۾һ˿ҲЩɫãʱ˵ʲôˡ
ѧԺһѾ御ˣʼתְΪߣʵҲ⡣Ҫ־Ϊ棬ǣ˿϶Ҳ޷⣬ҲǡԪǣһѧԺɹˣǲɵ֮·ҲҪܵƲá񵭵
ѧԺô־Ҫһʱʼ
汾ԴõĻᣬһǳɹˣԺ潫츲صı仯ɣҼ˿оѧԺ֮ĺ棬̺ɽ۾ʵһĨȥһ˻ȥҲǲԡÿһôȥһԻ͹ʵѾˡ
ٵȵȣżһ£ȻЩ㣬ûеһ

塣
ȻʼڼҽսȻһƬ̫ƽ
棬֮ѧԺԺǰݷá
ĽΧӰֵһ˲䣬ϢǷٵĳ
棡
֮
еľˡ
ԺôͻȻˣɡЦЦѾǵǰ
ѧԺԺԵЩǫǿߣȻҲͻƵ񾳽磬˵Ĳ̫ˣһ㲻Ҷʲôӡ
֮ЦЦû˵ʲô
뵽֮УʵĹ
ﻹǱ£ţܱ¡ǿ˿տյһԼɵǸûκζˡ
һֱܼԼҪľַôɣ֪֮ܵǼæ뿪ü˵Ҳʶһ
˻֡
סģ
ԥ˰죬Լóһӣ˿ʺ֮Ҳվɴóӡ
ǵӣ촽
Ժ֪ιʲô飿֮ʵ֪ǿ϶²һǶӼ뿪ѧԺ϶ʲôòɡ
ǵ˵ͷҲżɽҸոѾȥһǱߣϣʼתɵ˵һ£ҿûдӦӦǺ滹һЩƣЩƳûˣŻĿҵĽ顣
⻰ʺ֮ɵˡ
ȻʼתɵզģͬŹ֡
ǿһ£Ǿܾ˺ðɡ
ԺɶЩҲתɵɣҿ˵ˣɵľ١١žؽ٣췣֮ģ˿ܲ
ҲЩΣ㡣
Ժôǵģ
оڵ֮ʵȫ޷ѧԺ֮ȡñڵһЩֲǵǣǲླ磬ѻγˣҲʹսһ㡣ҪתѧԺֻ֮Ҫܻ֮ΣԺ˵̬ǵѧԺĿǰѾзʮǧʺɹֻҪԸѧԺĹʵ϶һء
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ǿԿһ£Բʲô¡ǵ
ʱЦԺãȫѧԺɵһƬĽ򻹲ͬΪ򣿵ʱ־֮£ǿɾûôˡҪתɵҲУӦһ
ʲôǺ棬ӻܴӦɡ
ȢʡֻҪȢʣԺ͵͸ˣô
һɵˣͰҸˣҲҪҵ˵
֮ڨڨʲôûϰķԷ
ǿЦãǵ֮ǰ˵£棬ͱҵԧˡҶˣŶˡ˵ⲻһ׮ףںεأ
ҪִˣҿԴӦʱ򻺻ڡ
ǡǳ׷ˣ֪治ףû뵽ҲضãҪļ޲ȥʱҸɫһвУѧԺɼѧ١
ڨڨ˵ʲôˡ
ʵ֪ΪһɽһʵΪ塣
ˣһЩҲͲʲôˡ
ðɣȻ岻Ը⣬˵ı顣ʵԸոյҲûбʲôϣ֪ԶԶʱҲһʱʵƸλΪѧԺʦ֪λΣ
ǵѧԺʦⲻǺ͸ոһ˼һۣҪ뵱ѧԺʦǲ͵ˣ˭֪ΪѧԺʦ󶼶ѧԺصġ
һһ˵ѧԺǽܿ˰ɡʼĲɿռ˺ܴơһսѧԺ壬֮мɵġһսǹƾҪǽˡǽˣʱ˶ԪǾ㣬Ҳ׶֡ǵ
ˣе˼
һս֮˻ô
Ȼġ
ֻ֮ǲԸսֱӾͱ֮ɱŵܵѧԺѧԺһʦɼ˶мɵ̬ȡ
Ҳ޷ȻǶкùӳԡ
ãͬˡ
ġ֮Ҳǵ
û˵ʲôȻ֮ʣֻҪڣһȻ
ȷ˽ˣǲŸǶȥ
ټ桢Լ֮ѧԺһҲﵽʮλ֮ࡣ
ȻԶԶ˵ʵټѾԺ˿ˡ
ڸҶǶ֣ȫ壬ֱӾƷˡ
Ӷˣ˻ʲôڵıҪ
˴ǹȥľ棬ѧԺ
ǵ뷨ʵҲǣ֮Ԫϰˡ
˱


2048 ֮
صѧԺصŽƵı仯
һʱ䣬ȥԴϵԴ¯ٶҲԽԽ졣
װ¯תΪ¯ƺҲò˶೤ʱˡ
һҪһʱ䣬ҪȥҡǵҪԼʵǰ룬ڱҪжˡ
õġɵ˵ͷλʦҲ΢΢ס
ʵǶԼһ
һ棬һϸռ䣬Ҫаռڡ
ÿһϸһϵСж̺ſµֻЩǴһϸתһϸתһڱȽʱǴģ˪İ湦Լ֮й涴ٳ档ĻԺϸ֮תֱӾͨУתٶȻٱǧ
תԽ죬ʱսҲԽǿ
Ϊ˪ݳģԶԼ֮дһ沢Ƕѡ
ΨһѵܾôѰϸΪһ档

ĴսڼѧԺߣ־Ѿﵽһޡ
ûим룬ʵ̫
ʵķΧҲӡ
Դˣ־ԼĲֻ࣬ܰһٸ֮лû֮·ˣתΪߡ
ѧԺ֮С
Լоھ񾳽ʵѾԶˡ
ʦӺͼ٣ŵǵʱ˵Ҳغۣ˶һҲҪһ䡣ﻹһ⣬ЩǴģܲƾղİɣʵǰǺɣоĿ⣬̽Դ
Ҫȥ̽ѰԴˡԺ֮ǰ˵һµĵһ͵ʱʺѾȷˡӣǾҪüСҪȥµļҪӼȥС˵ָָϡ
Сֻһ˼źڵ̲ʼһ
֮϶棬Щ棬ʣӡ
Դڴˡ
˵ˣԺûŪԴô£оҲһЩˡˣ˵˵ɡ룬񾡿񾳽磬ѧԺλʦе顣
һҲͶһʤ㡣
ߵ֮ҵ滹ֻʮĴСڣҲ˾ŴεµħħʵѧԺɷĿռ䣬ҲΪ㣬²ڷ磬ΪߵĲʥɾ硣Ͻ磬ĿǰǿһҲһ˵⣬֮еʱ٣ҲѾԿƵǧһҲȥһ꣬ȥǧꡣ
ɵ˵ͷ൱ڽ߼ˣͻƵɾżľʵҲԶˡ
˵ͷ
֮ѧԺЩоѾ졣
֮ߣǿʵǿĿռСǿж٣ʺж٣еǿܴﵽʲôΡ
һߵ֮У߼ǿ߳ʮߺ׾ܰԼΪɰ˼ľ硣һߵ֮Уɰ˼ǿ߳ʮˣҲ׾ܰԼΪɾż硣
ʵŽҲ֮ɶǣǶԴоҲ̣ҵһǷչܻǻĵز
ǣס˼
һֱԼ֮еЩԼԼԴĿԡյĽȴǲ⣬֮Ѿ˾Ŵε
ڵʼҲһȱһȥȻ治ߵ졣ɵ˵ͷʵҶ֮Ҳһ飬棬ǲ֪Ϊʲôԭ˯ˣԼҰǾ˽ؾ档û˯ţĻܾһء
Ҷˡ˵ͷ۾ƺ뷨

棬ħ硣
ʵѾһչͣڣ֮ʮλռһ˸ûٽĿܡ֮У̾ᣬͨûгͷ֮գȫһƬ
ôȻǾĴһ㡣
š
Ҳһ죬䣬ʱɳʮһöɫâľ塣
һ죬𶯡
ʲô
϶Ǳ
ȥ׷ȥҵɫ塣

һ쿪ʼħ粻ƽʮһöɫ壬ʵʮһöаö䵽˷磬һЩ֮õö䵽ģֹķ
ʼ䣬µҲڲϵ
ħ磬ʼȷѪꡣ
һУ⣺ϣ߳ʮλɰ˼񣬲ȻһôĴ۸ʮöɾʹˮƯˡʮöúǵءˮ硢⡢ס졢ʱԼռ䣬ܺá
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ϵûйһ˵ģЩˣû˻Ͷ̥תû˻ʬ

ģȻ㡣
һ˺գȻͿԪƿն֮ǰоﲻѰƺʲô͵͵ȡԴ鿴ΣûзʲôˡһΣϢ¶̫ˡ
ʱ֮Ҳˡ
֮˿ģɫ䣺һΪѾɱ㣬û뵽ȴǻʼǿ󡣲һսҲشӦһֱûлָոй¶Ϣȫָˣ֮ǰĻٶȣӦþǰ棬ȻͿԳոɢԴ޲
֮ʱ򻺻վƿԼĶ
һĸߴ󣬽üĿϬΪӢӡ
֮ʮλ֮һһսԪ֮һ汾ԴѲĹϵ
һ죬ˡ


2049 ֮࣬
Ԫþò
֮˵һɵӣѼһȫ˵İΧ֮У汾Դ򹴽ᣬϻ˾޴ĺôû뵽ֺʲôҪ棿
Ԫ֮Ĭ
֮ǾĿŻģƺЩɵ
ģ͵Ϯ汾Դ汾Դ䵽ڵľ棬Ѿûһ˿һΡһսûɱ㣬ֹô꣬ǽҲԪ˵Ȼ¶ˣǾͱ뿪ɡ
ɱ֮˿ֱȵ֮ܵľɢ˿µɱ⡣
ҲʱӰٶ
֮֮֮֮Ѫ֮֮Լλ
ıΧסȴһ㶼ġ
ˣöѡΪʲôһҪɱɱģͲúġ֮˵ţһһĿˣ֮˵ʱ΢΢ףû뵽һսֳ֮ô񡣡
ģû֮䣬Ҽǵõһսʱ֮ʱ֮ǹһǹ̴嶼ˡôܻţⲻܣ
٣ˣⶼû֮ҲЩȡ
ǲһսҲǺܲ⡣
֮ģЩηĿŻģҿ
Щ뵱ȻˣΪ̴ҵ壬Ҿһ֮ЦǸʱѾӵ߽壬ҵ飬ҲʧǻʱţٴξۺҵҲһӣҲ޷գ¾ۺ˵ֻҪҵ겻Ҽǲġʱ֮ĺʩչʱҵ궼شľͻɢˣҲǻ˺óʱٴθ
߽壬һĲ꣬㵱ʱ볬Ѿֻһ֮ңˡԪ֮
ֻһ֮ңͲҲﵽླˡʱ͵Ϯɹ汾Դ򣬰汾Դ꣬Ӧþܳɹˡĵ˵ֻǿϧʧˣһֻصԭ㣬ص˵ΧҵǸʱ򡣡
ɱ֮ٴŭ
ɾʱӰƿն
ϴȫָˣЩ˷ܡ
ϴ㡣ħ֮Ŵ滹Űλ֯
ԭ֯ı֮㣬һΪħ𡣡Ԫ֮ʱƺףħǷôҲΧɱ֮Ǿû֮Źǣ
ԪҲǱƭˣݼáڿ˵Ϊ˱汾Դ򣬱棬ʵ汾ԴѾԼǡ汾ԴΪԼҪҪ飬ݼԪİס֮ʶıźȻ汾Դ򡣡֮˵
ʲô汾ԴҪһ֮̿˶𾪲ѣƺ֪顣
ôܣ汾ԴΪʲôҪѪ֮±ƣҲôʲô֪һԼòһɡ
Ԫ֮ɫģҪ˵˵汾Դ򲻻㣬㹥汾ԴҲ䵽档һΪ˳ѣԣҪ
һʱ䲻֪˭ˡ
ĴʵǻҪĹ汾Դ֤ݡ
ǽ˵汾ԴҪԪǰף⵱굽˶ٵࡣ
ЦˣԪʱͲҪƱˡҽվȻʮ֤ݿ֤һСϾΪļƻй¶Ƕְʱ֮ɱô
Ԫ汾Դɱʱ֮
ôܣ
ô꣬ս֮еϢʱ֮ûκѶϢ

赽ô£ʱ֮ˣôһ㶯ûвʱ֮ԪҪôģ֮ҡҡͷЩ쵰ȫǵɵӡ
˵ˣʵҸ֮󣬵һʱͱʱ֮ҵˡԭʱ֮ͲµԼɱңǰҵӡǣһҸͻ֪ҲʱҰЩ˵ˣʱҲ𾪵Ĳ񻰣ȫšҪȥ֤ȥ˲ãľӡǶʧˡסҵķҲ֮ʧˡǸʱҾ֪ʱ֮ˣǱɱˡҪʱ֪֮ЩȻҪڡҽվҲҪҷ㡣֮Į˵
ѵȫ֮ࣿ૵оԼȫԪϷˣһ
ɱʱ֮Ԫŭ
ԪһˣΧƺ϶ʵ
ôҲá
Ԫ˿ЦˣЦЩ£ôΪʵҲûдʵϻЩġȻˣǽǾһж˵ˡʵ黹ҪӰǧԪʼʱǶоޣ֪Ҳսһ졣ʱҶˣʼѰ֮ĳ֮ǴһǶһǰԼ߽ףеһӵвꡣɴܳôش޷ѣΪ滹汾Դ汾ԴǴ־κ˳ѵġһѣݵ֮ϣͲܡһ˵汾ԴǴֻҪɢЩ¾ۼͺûʲô߽һЦܷ֮յ߽壬Ĳǽķ֮ϣֻҪ汾ԴıĹҲҪ֮𡣡
˶ĵһ
ĵɫˣƺԤϵЩ
ȻҲ޷ѣνĳѲһԸѡ
ĳ֮ʲôȵһҪ汾Դ򣬶Բԣĳֲҹ汾Դʱ򣬸ûҹ汾Դ֮ǲһϹԪǺƣҾʼңʼޣңҾǱƣҲĸԸ㾹ȻҲңҵҲŷ
㹥汾Դ򣬻汾Դҵ⣬ĻʡҳˡԪĮ˵
˵ҲҪл㣬Ǿ汾Դ־ʵҸ汾ԴϵĶ汾ԴĿ־塢˽ĵȵȵĽ塣Ǹʱ棬ƿصҲֻвʮ֮һʮ֮Ŷ汾Դ־ݻ汾ԴʵҲǰң˴汾ԴнѳĿܡ֮ŵ
еѾˣЩ˵汾ԴںЩ๴ᣬʵ֮汾ԴϵĶںǹᡣ
һΪԼѾ֪˵࣬û뵽ȻЩǼ˵Ĵ˿ЩԳ
ãҾͼ˵ҪҪѣ汾Դ֮󣬽ĵڶ顣ԭܼ򵥣ЩȷܣᵼʴﵽԳܵļޣʹҲ־档
ĳôûܹܿ޵汾ԴҲΪ鷱ܹȶȻĵ˵š
Ȼʵ̫̣ûЩ͵飬ǾǸ߸ϣҲûκε塣ʵõİ취Ȧﵽһ̶ȣոһƵһΣܶʼǸ߸ϸ棬ԳΪۡҲΨһһֿѣİ취Ԫ˵
ĿԳѣѪ֮һ£ʵ
ֻҪ治ᱻ𣬵ʱǾǵԭϵ֮ͬʱ򻺻ڡ
֮汾Դ־ĻƺѾ֤һС
֮ԭȻƺңԶʵ˽Ѿǽһ֮ң
汾ԴѾ൱Ѿ˵һȱҲˡ
ƵȦȫ档
ˡ˭볬ѣ˭ģվԪǵѾˣߵµ汾ԴʱǻҪľ磬Ӧû˸ľôȥ
˳Ĭˣÿﶼ˼ԪĻ

ѣ
׷Ĳô
ܹڲ֪˶೤ʱ֮ţƽ
Щʵӵκ˶
Ǳκ˶
һҵĻʵۣñʼһ֮λ֮󣬽ͻޱȿ


2050 ͻ䣬
ܹѣַܹʽĳѣַʽҲˡ
һĶǳĬˡ
ĳѣҪôȻһֱĿľǳѡ
ħ˿Żģ˿ƺڵȴŻĵľ
ǵѡŻģγΪ˻˵ĳѻᡣ
ԪԸһѡڵһվ˳ǱˣѪ֮磬ΪʲôΪ汾ԴѾڣ谭ǳѵϰѾʧҪǻԥѧԺ棬浮µıԴǵʱ϶һ
ֳѣΪ߸ϵ֮ƺҲ֮ţĻԺҲᱻ巢չ̫ˣԼԼĻԼľѵܾȫ
õģݵĻҪһ¼ԪӡһԪʱԱһֵ壬Ҳԡ˲ϵתʱÿһԪ涼ڣԪ˵
ľûκˣǵѪֻҪܴȥС֮˵ͷ޳Ԫ˵
һʱҲҪȥԴ֮
û⣬ȫԡԪ֮Ц
Դ֮ٷϻߵԪ
ԽԽ˿ʼվӣԪԽԽࡣ
ڳĹʮλ񣬾ȻʮλվԪԸԪһַʽѡ
ģľأԪŻģЦЦ֪¶϶Χ˵ڶǻʧˣû뵽ԼԳѵջ˵˴ˣ֯λ񶼹Ȼˡ
ģȫΪһЦ
ֳѸˣ׷ġĵĹ֮Ľ֮ǻҲվԪѵҲͬԪҪ֪ʱųɾŵҲҪ
һԪģֻҪţͲʧĹ֮
һԪЦˣһȫƿصļԪǸԪɳвǵİȫȻٷһȻһԪܶʼϵػǸ߸ϣһСЩʲôһһׯô̫˾ˡ
֮ǲԸһѣΪ񡣡Ԫɱ⾪ˣ֮ҲԸ⣿ɲǣ涼ûеڶһҲûкҪӦҲʲôɣ
֮ʵκ˶֧Ԫ
ڵĿ֮ȴǺ֣ǷŭԪû뵽Ҫ㡣Ѫܵ޾ģҲҪĿ㣬ˣһΪΪ棬뻹ǿЦŪϵʲô񣬲һȺħˡ
ħ֮ЦԪн
ԪᷢһĿֿ֮ħ𣺡أԸԸһѣ
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Щͬһˣɱǣ
ԪֻʮӰͬʱ֣ȻѾˡ
һԭڰ֯ûзӦֱӾͱ˴飬ѣһغˡ
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ѸٺˣԪ桢λɱȥ¡
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ҲЩ⣬˵볬ѵһˣû뵽ȴסջ󡣲ֻǻһ˵ĻʲôˡԪĬĬ
Ƕ߽壬ҲﵽĲ֮ʵʵѾֱ׷ʼ档ҲˡҪĵľѧԺ壬˽⣬ʼһˣΪ˱ʼ飬ԼԣҪҪѣַͨʽ϶ͬġѧԺڵΪľȡ汾ԴȻҲͬ⡣֮
ѧԺҲʮλȫһս
ʱȲҪżһʣµԸһģɽԪǱߣȥ̸һ̸ӦǣԺҲ洫ȥ
Ҳʲô˼Ǿǿһˣǽ뵽һԪ
˵񣬵ʱֻʣһѧԺǾĲΪˡ
ħ֮ǰ˵Ŀһ£ﻹٿǣֱӱʾԸԪһѡ
˭Ҳû뵽һ춸Ȼ䡣
죬ķˡ
ĻôͻȻô⣬ô
ѧԺ֮Уǻڱչأ֪ЩϢ϶סġ


2051 
ããռȻ΢Ĺâ
ģ֣
֮ŭ֮ץһţһһʵ̫ˡ
ȻҪˡ
Ļͷ˿֮ɿ֣ѿ֮ӵһߣʲô룬ҿǾһ
֮ĬˣʵڶûзӦ
ô˵ͷˣ˵õĵֿ֣ȴ˴һȥ
ʼ飬飬ȫҪΪľνĳѡ
û˲볬ѣҲһֳѣĲҪ
ߡ֮ȴǸˣȻͶԪı֪ҪΪʲôңʱ֮֮㶼ӦǵġĻҲͲᷢչֲʰľ档
⻰Цˡ
û뵽֮ȻԹô꣬ء
㣿һ϶ͰҳԪʱ֪ôġ˵ʵЩ棬һΪҲûȫָұҪٽֻû뵽ǽ¶ԪǱˣʧ㰡֮̾һԪĻ̫ˣҴӰǧԪ֮ǰûӳơ
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ڻģɵ˵ɷʶΪ
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ҡҡͷûôУ㻹֪ʼ֮Աô죬ʵҵĽҹʼ棬ʼı
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ѧԺǸ־֮˿ֳ־ѧԺȡ汾Դܷ̫ˣʸ񡣡
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־ʱٳɣϵѧԺǱߡ
ܿ죬֮żλѧԺʦˡ
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һѾ֮һĿɬܲҽȥ˵ѧԺԺأҪ
Ǹɡ֮һ£״̬Ŀ֮ǵĶ֣ȷʵûκв

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֮й˰棬֮еȫų涴ˣ֮ǰѪһзʽҲѪһĲϧûйɣֻȹˣڲĹӦûҪһЩʱ䡣ǵι棬ջԶ
Ȼ滹ûйɣ֮еתٶѾʮԴٶҲʮ
ֱ֮ϲ
Դ¯¯ѾԶˡ
߰ɣȥ֮ʵڸոգҲиӦоĳ¡ڿ֮ˣһ·ѧԺȻǴˡ˵ţһѧԺĻ
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Ȼģʲôơǵһ壬Ȼܣˣ˵˵ô°ɣ
֮ŷӦԭոǻϷ


2052 ת
Ҳ⣬ԼѧԺ̬ȣѧԺûгûɱԼͲˡ
֮ʱҲٵ飬Ͱ巢һһûκε
ǵ˵ɫˡ
Ǿ˰֮ȻûǸֻɱū֮˾˵ģ֮ǰˣӦȫָˣȻôΧȫˡţ̳֮ʼ߽壬ҲҪﵽ˲ľ磬ҲܳѣҪô죬ȥν֮·
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֪ʵײһʱ򣬳ֵ֮ͨͨͨʼţȻҪй¶ܶԪѾˡֻԪҪ֮·϶Ҫ¿ͨʱ֪᲻֮֡Щ
֮һƬδ֪ʼҲ˵֮дֲ
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λʦγ֪ЩҲЩŭ
ѧԺΣˣѧԺӦһСЩġ
ѧԺЩӵʵĸֻһĴѧԺԲռơ
ǵ˵ͷ뵽ˣʱǽ˲С
ȥһˡ
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֮ѾѸøߵѾѧԺʲôԸĻҲֻˡ
֮ʱ򻺻ټһ棬һ档
ϴū֮ʱʵά档ϲ壬ְֻɲϲҡҡͷҪץסū֮ѯʳȥ࣬ǿ֮Ҫū֮˵ΪãΣ֮УҲʹᷳԼڱ棬ʵȻɣҲҪȥһ壬Щ˵һ£һɡ
á֮ȻûеܾǺһҲȫ

ǽҲɣͺͿ֮ˡ
ֻǼĹ͵彮򣬶ʱĽƣֱӰŲ˹
Ĺ
ǿ˿桢֮һʣʱˣҲ֪˸ոշ飬ǱѾȥԿ壬Ҫƻ
˶ǵ˵ͷ
ǸոҲõϢû뵽Ҫ˾ȻԼʵ̫ЦЩЩΪ˳ѣΪѾ׷ˡ֮һΪΡ
鷢չһ˵Ԥϡ
Ҫƻ塢塭϶һ⣬ʱҪ취ֹԪǡʵֳѣǿǶǡ
ӦвʮλǳǺʼ֣ȻǵĶ֡ԪʱҲȥ˵Ȱһѡ
񲻻ͬġǿ϶˽Ⲣ࣬˽ϣɣϣڣǿ϶̸£
˵ţԱߵĿ֮һԲ
˵Ĳˣ֮ڻڣ棬ҵѣˣҲֻмˡ
Ŷ
濴˿֮ûʲôŭҲûʲôͬ飬ƺǿһİˡ
ȳȥɣ˵Ựʾһ֮ʣǺԼһȥ

뿪֮ȴЩĵ֮治ɣ
֮̾һģꡭʵӦǺʱˣ׷ݵʱġԼ֮Ǽͬһʱڵ顣һżȻĻᣬˣΪ˺ܺõѡԺ£ǹϵԽԽãϲ˲ŵĻģȴԴ˲ðΪĵ˼ϣֻøǿʱ򲢲֪ʵ֮ĬĬϲ
𽲹ˡǴ֮ҿɶֹѪ²Ȥ֮Ҫ΢е㵨ӣ˵ͺˡǰұףڿոǶ˭ء㣬ôصĸ棬ǲҲϲ棿Ҳ룬һŮϲ˶ˣ㲻ף㲻ϲô֪Ҫ֮ϽˣȥҲһ
֮ʱɵˣЩŭԺɲҪϹ˵Ҹ棬֮С
ʱЦˣȻǱ˰ŵģűŹȵСͷ֪֮ͦġ˭֮أҲǻİɣոһսϢֻߵĻĺͿ֪ܸ֮֮ǣһֱһֻǻģĿ϶ֱϵ棬ȻͷˣӦǿ֮͵͵ϵ㣬԰ɣ
֮ȻоԼǱףɴҲ˵ˡ
һԸĿɿڴһЩ˲õĶ
ڡ
֮Цˣˣ͹ˣѾûʲôźˡ
̾һļ䱻ѡ
ʱգлģǶǵ£Ҳزȥˡ
ɡ
˵꣬˾˽
лԺ֮ǹ˹֣һ̵ࡣ
ʲô㣿ʵĴҸط
ҵȥֹԪǣΪȫϣҲ㡣֮ԳЦЦͷû뵽ҾȻ䵽³Ҳǻãҵͨˡ
ͨǲˣҪȴѡ΢΢һЦôҿ԰㵽ǵתһۣ塢ĹеһȫѧԺ
ת֮Ȼ˵Ҫô
ǲܵģ۽Ѿ˽ɾżΪ磬ǿһġǵתܻ֮ڶҲϵ˺ʱʱѧԺɵȻʲôֻء
֮𾪵Ŀǣ춼û˵


2053 
Ҷȥ׼ˣھȻ˵ǰںεء
һԵ涼ЩɵĿſ֮ƺǲõģո˵ô治Ϸ
ڣ㾹Ȼת
ǺǺˡ
Ǽԣǿһ°ɣת֮Ժлǰģʱ˵㻹ܺǰԵټ涼һ
ǰԵˣԸоûϷԿ֮ʵûɶȤӦǴͷβǿ֮һԸˡ
ֱ֮ŤͷܾЩ̫޳ܣһѧԺ˵˷ûС
Ҳһֱӣ϶Ǿǿ˿֮ļҵףϾһ񣬶һģϺö϶١˵ģ֮ͨԼֵǣȫһλ
ãҴӦ
֮ҧҧȻ˼Ŀ˿棺Ժϣǻټ档⣬֮ûɱġ
˵ֱ֮꣬ƿ뿪ѧԺȥ
֮һֱһ˰̣ĵڶλҲһģ˵ĵܵܶΪҲΪ˰֮űɱ
ǻɱôԡ
ȥġ
浭ʱˣҪ˵Ҳ֪ոԺĻҶˡǻİŵߵģҲ֪ලңǱҵģҲˡûھҪЩΪʲôңǲİˣǲɱûϲң
֮̾һҲ֪˿̲װˡ
εðɣҳϻôҵȷǻİŹģʵǷһ飬û취ұ뻹ӦǶûжģЩ겻㣬ӦҲĿԡҿԼ
á
˵Ϳ֮
ʮ֮
֮ʾ߰ɣѾˡ
ƺѾܵһϤϢǻģĻš
ЩҲЩ
뿪彮һƵɽϣվɽۣԶããƺ
Żģ̲ס䣬û֪Ϊĵжģж౯ʹ㶼Ҫ˷ˡ
ˡ
֮ͷ˿棺û뵽ôȥΪ棬ȻпޱӵϰߣɲǰˣѾʱ߸ˡ
̲סһЦԭ㻹ǵãʱҪûңҹͱ۸ĳΪһùͺͺˡ
˵ţߵ˻ߡ
һ̵㣬ƺǰıʹȫȥˡ
ܻţá
浭Ҳ֪ǶԻ˵ģǶԼûΪʲôң
㣬ôҪ֪⣬ǻһɱˡĵԼһͦãԪЩҲҲҡ
ĺ㡣Щ顣
ĳĬôûҾҪˡ߻кܶҪæ飬ԪҪѣֳѲҪģҪȥһֳ֮ˣҲܳɹ
һôܻĴô
Զ֮ˣĻһĲ鰡ƭ漸Ҳð
ѣѵֻгô
ȵȣһһ⣬ǲɱģʱɫҲȻˣ֮ǰȫʧ
ǱһһϾȻɢ˿µɱ⡣
֮ҲɵˣղŻģתɱ⾪ˣҪ
Ŀ棬ɫأ֪𰸣ҽ㣬ǲҪˡ
ңǲɱģ
漸Ǻ˳նһѵΧɽҲɲǼ仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ɲǼ䣬ȻǱɫ
һ˵Ҳƭ㣬κʱ򶼲ƭ㡣飬ҵĴǡǣȷɱġȻʼū֮Χɱ񣬵ǼһʵǷϣ󲻵ѻԳɱΪˣұ΢ָһƣֱˡ
Ĳƭ棬һ
֮Զ⻰ʱ֪ҪˣʼΪϲ˺ճɾƸǰε
ˣʲôɾ顣
ʱЦˣЦĺܱΪʲôأ
ɱȻҪɣȻԵ޹ʵɱһ̻Ŀ棬ҲЩǸ⣺ʵɱֻ֪ʲôԭһֱڲңܺã鵽ҵټֻʱԪǵ˵ǣ϶Ϊ汾ԴҪűɱҲЦĴ𰸣ôͣš뿪ˣ˵ǻῼһҵ˵ǣҷָǾҵټԪǣǸʱѾް취ֻɱڣȻԪҵңľˡ
ЩЦ
ҿʵҪķԪǡ
Բ𡣡
ĵ˵ţɱҲΡ
֪ĵλǾ൱ĵܵһ
ĴͬޱȾ޴ʧȥϣΪѹһݡ
Ȼɱɱ񣿡
㲻ǺΪʲôڲôΪǿÿϴ棬ҶҶ˻ɣȥġû뵽ȴ˶ԭͷҺôЦʲô̫Цˡ
棡ȥ档
ŭȵһذ׻˻ĵ·˻ģҵΪ޹ΪΪһ𳤴ҵĸһǽûֳˣȴˡʱѵװʲôûзһɣΪ֮棬ΪĽ㣬׵ˣҪΪҪɱ㣡
˵ţذ׳ǰĻͱȥǺ顣
֮ǿɵˣɱְ
һȥǰĻȴʧˣ֮кȻ˻ĵͺҰɣɱң㻹Զˡ
ģҳ
ŭΧҲûκε
ˣ֪ȥ
֮ĬĬ̾ϢЩ㲻еĹϵҰ
ʣ˵⵽ǰ֮أǺأ
˭֪

ǰѿ֮Ӹ
ôת
֮㲻Ļƣʱڤ۳ˣڤ۵ΪҲؿʼӽɾż
֮ϸ룬ûֵǮĶˣ
ûˣ㲻ô
֮ѧԺԺôǿƵģѵһ㶫ɡ
ŶҾʣûоͺãϾ㶼תˣЩԺҲòˡǵҸ˵һת̣һתأҪڤԼǰһӵΪĻҪʮ˲̣ϴΪƶģǿͶ̥־֮ģһӿѡͶ̥ʲô˼档
֮˸ۣйϵô
ҲԣҲ£ߺȥͶ̥ġҼ˵ûǰЩ̣Ǻ̻еġͶ̥֮ǰҪһϴǰļ䡣ԭôһΪѾһһҲͺûйϵˣһЩ䣬ҪǲһӤĴ޷ЩģܻûгˡЦЦ֮󣬽㡭
˵ˣֱӰȥͶ̥ɣҲ֪Щ֮ǣⶼʲô
ǺáǿŰɣڤ۵ʵ޷һֻء
š˵ͷ

֮תˣһתʵѾźˡ

֮һΪ࣬һ飬ʵһռʯ
ú󣬵һҽԺ֮Уһͯˡ
ͯһͺһռʯҲһ׮ˣ˵һЩš
ںӵ֣ǼЧº¥Σмֱ񣬲ָ飬뵽һֿ֣ա

һطԪҲҵ


2054 ı
ա
һƬ֪Ĵ½Ӱˡ
û뵽ĸԪЦѵͲһ壬֪ǿʼʼ浶ҪλΧɱ㣬ͱɡҪˣܿͻֱ߽⣬ʱʼô죿
ĬˣҪˣʼҲͻˡ
ЩģôΪʲôΧɱңҸոѾӦˣǱ˲ʮλǱ߳˱ʰɣʱ㻹оΧɱңȻ׼ѵûκε׼
˵ţֻǰĿռ𵴡
ʼʼ滺˳ҲΡ
Ԫ˵ͷ׼ҲԣСĵûСʻ괬
˵ɣʲô£
ߵɢŵɱ⣬ʱҪлᣬɱԪ
ΧɱԪ֪ûпܳɹ
ʵԼһֱ͸ԪԪʵҲֹǰô򵥣ȻʱҲðա
ʮİգŻῼǻɱԪȻͻ
ãҾֱ˵
ԪЦЦƺûʶȻ˷Χɱ뷨
񣬲֪Գô
ѣ
ʱʼʼ涼ЩԣôͻȻ˵
üЩ׷һ磬Ϊ񾳽磬ΪѾﵽ컨壬ñЩˣʵÿһ㶼Ҫǰǧ򱶡ʵ޷ǾͿʼ׷һ־磬ǾҪ޵Ҫ𡣿̫ˣΪǵԪѾעܻԪľʱ򡣡
һκޱȿֲһ飬֪ٴ£ҹ£һ亹ҲΪԭ򣬴ӰǧԪǰʼǾѰķԪڣҲǿ𣬴ﵽһľ硣
Щţҵ˳ѵİ취
֪ʼ浱궼֪γѣΪʼ滹뿪棬֮Ѱ
ʼʼˣҲΪء
Ԫ˵ͷʱҲͰԼ֮еĳ֮˵˳
ʼ桢ʼ棬˿̶Ǿޱȡ
ԭ˵ĳ֮ģƺʼţЩ汾ԴǾûǣǵҲͿ޾ȻȫɱҲͲΪȷܶҲഺһԪ棬ΪһıǨ֮⣬Ϊѡ
ʼû˵ʲôʵҲô˷û
ԭ֮ҪȻе񶼻ͬ⣬ǱѾϴƣвֳ֧ѷʽģƶѾɱ˰ɡʼͲµЩ򣬡ĺһ֮˵ʵҶĶˡϧҾܾұʼ־Ϊľػʼ鲻ڷҪȥʼ飬Ҫ̫Цˡ볬ѣֳѣҲҪ
Ԫ̾һЩεӡ
ʵѾϵܾҪЩ
ʮһλʵȻǿġǲԸ⣬Ҫʼ飬ҲסڹҲֲҪ˵ˣʼֲˣһԪǿԱһЩӣ¸ԪҲһʼһֱȥʲôõģԪ
һԪ¸ԪһûκϣļԪôЦˣЦЦѾɱ⣬ʱǺεȵĿ£涼ǵƿ֮УϣǰδˣԺ涼δΪδѾ趨ˡ
ʱ̫˾ʼҲǵ
ǶЩǲ֪ЩΪʲôʼ淴ǾͦãȦǸ֪ռܣ֪ӦҲŶԡ
㲻ͬĻӦ֪ʲôġһսܣʼҪҲҪ˶䣬ʼҲ׳ΪʷԪ˵ϸһ°ɣҪľǳѣ˭ǳѣ˭ǵĵˡɲ֮ǰˣߵÿһΪԼսûٻ֡
˵꣬ԪӰһʧˡ
ʱʼʼŷ֣ԭǰԪȻֻһ
߰ɣȻȥ
ʵǻЩѶϢôһת۾ͱӡ

˾ȻҪ
еȫʱκκۼ
Ƕٵ飬Ạ̊́

һطԪ桢Ѫޡħ˶ڡ
˵ʲô϶ܾղųûΧɱôõĻᣬɲҡ
ΧɱǾǳɹˣ֮ҲҪһˣ˭䣿ԪЦ˵ˣ￴˵ˣЩ˵ġ
˵ģ֮˵ͷˣ־ֵܼܵסѵջ󣬿δء
̳ʼ־ܴӦǣ˾ͲһˡҸով͹۲쵽ʼĶˡȥЩʼ˵ˣʱ϶Ķѵջܵסж٣ѧԺǱҲǣӦҲյϢ֪᲻Ҳסջѡ뵽ǵӪԪ˵ȴһжѾˡ
ʼߺܿҪˡ֮һЦƺѾδҪ顣

ȥ֮Ҳ֪סģֱӾ͸ʼ
ԪҪ
ֳ֮ĿУ
뷨أûдӦ

ʼʣ¶ʮλ񣬽ÿ˶һЩԼ뷨
ϣɿ֪Ҫ㡣
Щʼ˶ΪԼɣԲűűľĺԪһսںǲˣгѵĻᣬ᲻Ķ
˵϶Ķ

ϣҵ񣺡ΪʲôҪЩǣ֮п϶ġ
ĬˣأȻΡ
ôסôʼʼ֪ˣǻ᲻ˣ
˵ԪҲеİ취Ϣݸ֮еÿһλ񡣡
ıס
ҡҡͷﲻ֪еΣ
ϣɳ̾һû뵽Ԫǻһ֣֮ˡ߿϶Ҫ¡ҪϵһѧԺֻкѧԺϣס档


2055 
ϣҪȥϵѧԺȴֹϣɡ
ˣԺѾˡ
Ժˣ
ϣЩϲҲЩ⡣
ԪԼңҵǻҶ֣ǰԺԷ⡣񵭵׼˶ϣԼվʼʼ治ȫĵƣǲǣ߰ɣԺѾˡ
գĳռ֮С
ǿ˿߹񣬲Цôʼûдɣ
Ц֪ڴȤ
ʼһģںˣԪֻ˵һѵĿܣѿܶǼٵģѾʼĻɢ
Ԫ̫ˣ
ʵ֪жߣǴӰǧԪ֮ǰȴѾˣ˶ӡ
ؼǺܶʱ㵱ӻĸԸġ
ñȻģҪԪش汾ԴԪԼ汾Դ᲻ˣ᲻ᱻ϶Ϊ档
ñԪֻ͸¶ǻĹ汾Դ򣬻Ҫͽ˻ĵɱڵڣĺ֮˲޸Ѻۡ
ҲһһѵĻ˶վһߣԸΪĴ֡
ðɣҳʼҪҡ
ʱ򻺻ԺѧԺǱأǲҲѾĻɢ˶˳ѵ뷨
⻰Цˡ
ѧԺҪôûС
ѧԺЩʦϵͳѧԺޱȵҳϣΪֲ׵ĳѱѧԺô
ѧԺʦܾҵве뷨ЦЦӵˡ
ڨڨѧԺ
ô죿ǵԪҪҪȻһȫƿص¼ԪҿɶİʯʵѾڶԸˣ㣬ƾˡ
ԱֹԪУ֣֪ܲɱҸоΪ˲٣ƺѾҡ
ҵΪһ㣬ɱԪûôסԪʵڣ㿴ȫôһֱʵҸоľѾķ롣Ҳһֳ֮Ǻ˵ģĳѾԲ㿴Űɣ϶бơǺԪû˵仰⻰˵ļ϶ҪΪʲôô˵ʵֻһָо
Ҳɣǽô죿ʵʱҲòѯǵ˼ˡ
㿴ԪǶҪˣʼû˻·㻹ǿһҵĽ飬ʼ鿪ʼתְΪߡӥ·ǱѾȫˣֻҪʼԸʱԴӥ·뵽ѧԺ򡣡ǵ⻰ˡ
Ԫı
γı
˵ʼѾˣʱ㻹Ӧҵ
ָˣһ㲻ӦҵӦþΪ֪Ҫ¶ԪֻҪԪΧɱˣʼк̸еʸˡǻʧˣԪһѵĴڱ˶˹ȥûȥΧɱԪħλĵ鸽ԪֱӵѾŪ飬֮ǰӦǽ˵ġ
Ӻʱ򣬻ľͺϵ
˵ĵ˶Ԫ̫ˣһĻ̳ʼǷʼ顣
ֻʧˣıҲչ档
ԺȻµҺͻĵĹϵǸȻЩŵ壬ԼǵõʼĺôҲԸʼ֮㣬һжƻúõģû뵽ȴԪʤһЩΣڻĲ֪ȥˣһμƻʧܣҹҲӦûˡ
ǳ̾һʵټϻģ˵ϣΧɱԪǻŵļһδԸ⣬ΧɱԪһȺԪѵڣʱ϶ֹ
ͻϵǹʼ˾ǻģҲ֪ˣϣɺȻڣɫܲãǻĹʼ棬ʼıٶȣҲôˡ
ǵģ֪ҽôġʱֱӳˣҲûзʲôˣûȫָ걻ʱ֮ĳǹ̴ָܻʵõľȥɢԴ
㡭ϣʱΪŭĿȭͷգƺ֡
ôҲû뵽񲻵֪ôġ
ϣɣ侲һ¡ʱһתסϣɣôȻĵʵҿʼ뵽Ѿ޷ֹ飬ܰĻָûȥԸԪʱֻҪԪˣҲͲΪˡҲʼ⣬һֱȥʼγÿΪʱձȥˡǰһ죬Ҳܻˡ
ϣɳĬˣһ֪ù˭
ôҲΪʼ飬δ֮С
̾һҲ˵ˣҪԸҵĽ飬ʼ鿪ʼӥ½ǱȫͣҪȥˡУܵϵһ»ģһʵôǿǷǵ飬벻ǲܵġΣϵѧԺ磬ֻǼܵӦûǿԺԪǶһġ
ã
˵ͷջûȷӦǵ
ʼʱУ
ûûеһ
صѧԺһ߼һŽǰİ취
֪Ԫǵ뷨ӦþǵʼǱңʱͿʼȫܹһ赲ǳѵˡ
ֻǲ֪ʱʲôʱ򣬿Ǽ꣬ʮ꣬ҲǼ궼һ
ǧ
ĳһȫֺڰ֮еһط
ˡ
ԪǰˣǵôֻҪԸǵӪһ֮·ʼܱһΪӣһԪȥ
ҶȤҾʸǣܳôӰֻǲʲôں
϶ԣҲɵӣ޷ѵĻҲ֪ôԳˡԪ˵Ҫ˾ͿжɣѵĴϿôˣϡҪˡ
ãϾжӰ˵ͷǱֻĸ֧ңʱĸҲش񣬸ɱ
㹻ˣĽǡԪ˵

ӰʱҲ˵ʲôѸʧˡ
Ԫʱ¶һıóѵЦݣҲѸٵʧ


2056 ս֮·
ɽɱ¾δֹͣ
ȥ飬ѾϵˡЩǾԼΪսǸӢۣʵʵϣڻңǽҪĶ
δͲϣЩ߸ϵϡ
磬ûһܸһ棬ٶͨҲ޷һλ񹹳в
Ĳ࣬Ѿֲˡ
Ը񣬻ֻܿ

һ죬ٴ𶯡
˵ȫˣɱʼ棬Ҫһս
ܵЩ˶ǼޱȣǾʱˡ
˱ʤ
Ƕ
ɱˣ
ҲѾоˣźܿΧͳԪǵӰ
ԪҡͷҸˣûץסȻˣǾֻɱ㣬Ȼٸʼ档һԪһԪʼĺۼᱻĨȥĸɸɾԺ󲻻֪һʼ֪ʼ棬֪֪κˡ
ɫأþ
ҲҪңڹʱ䳤ǵӰЩ㲻ĨȥǣǵֳǻεģǱȻܳɹءԺǻᱻʷĳϣܺá
ǻɹġԪ૵ȷš
ʮһλ棬һսҪǴȥûκεʤ㡣ȻѾزӦˣҰԪ˵ģһԪ֮УȻǵѪڣʲôõġʼ˿ҧҧȰ˵
ʤ㣡
һսȥǵ˿ȫҪ䡣
һЩӣôǻܳѡ
ʼ棬죡ʱһֻʼֳս˳ܷ֮չ˲õΪЩͨ飬ЩһǴͨ˳ɳģҪɱһе飬ʷĵˡΪԼһ˽ΪܹΪܹѣԡ
˵֮пģʼɡԴʼ澯Ŀʼ棬еۣƺֻҪʼϣҪʼ涯֡
ʼ棬ǲҪʼ棿Ҳۿʼ棬Щɵ
ҡʼһ̲֪˵ʲôˡ
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ܳѵĻǺƴɱȫȥ֮ѰһԵ
ԪΧ˵ķӦ֪϶вĶˣǸոմҲʶǵʵֻ֮һӵʵѵܳΪڶǣ
˵ĲȷʵõʼµĶǼܻѧԺֹܻͨ˵ţָָԼԺȨȣ֮϶дԵģ֮ܵ⣬ѱȻ¡ԣʵҲûбҪƴһ
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ԪǱʮλһ֮˵ʮλ˲Ҳԥ
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ĳһһͷЦݿ䡣
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˶뿪ˣֻʣԪ档
ģ˵ѣԪ
˵ѣҿƻļƻﲻ˰ɡҲԣˣѲѵĲҪҪǰɣЦڿû˸㳬ˣʣµ˻в٣˵ҪΧɱ㣬ǲкܴĸܹɹ
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ǵ˵ͷ֪϶кܶҪڻߣǲ˵ʲôԼѾ뿪ˡ
ʵˣǿԱߵ棬


2057 һ
ʼ棬ص
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ѵʼҪ𣿡ʼ泤̾һЩʧ䣬ȻҲҲҵЩĺòġһôԪ˵ʵҲˣҵЩǻᣬûȥúõؿ档
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Ҫ˵ˣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҵҲӵʶһ죬ҪеػʼΡʼ˵ţץסϣɵ֣ԺʼҾͽˣһʼôʧ
áϣҧҧ֤
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Ժϣɽ뵽ѧԺΪѧԺѧҲͬע顣ΪϣҪҵһУ赲סԪ棬һҲֻ㡣񵭵ԺæΪԺԸתɵʼ飬ǲֹ
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ϥԺȨȻΪһѽ˫ϥϣ˿̳ɢɫĹâӳʱ֮е־
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̧ͷվֱָԪˣǰһݡ
Ԫ滥࿴˿Щԥ
ԺʵõһΪܳΪĵһˣΪʲôҪϣأԪϣվ֮ˣѧԺѧҲһ֣ʱ򡭡

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ǿŻģ֪ʵǸոջɢϢסԪ棬ȻԪҪ֡
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Ҳôὲ£Ӧ֪˵ʲô˼ʵһжԪĽڿ֮ʵԪ汾ԴǸ൱Ԫ⻯һ˵ǣԪʵһˡ֮
ȻֲҾвԡĻԪ϶ʵϾ֮Ļ֮϶ΪһĻ˭ǵĶ֡Щ
϶ΪһЦֿôãôº϶ΪһģҿҲҵʶڿԪںϡ
ҵûпҾԪҲд㡣Ͼ汾ԴһֲԼʶĶԪҪȡ汾ԴǾǺϵһԼʶ˵ᱻĨȥ޷ԾĻȥϵƿԼĻ൱ݵ֮ϣҲһֱĳѡǵ˵š
üͷ˵ƺе


2058 ֮ͨŻ
ˣҲٴϥϣںһСѾܸоϢһʧǳ׵ʧ궼
ȫϣɣ֮ǰ˭û뵽ġ
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ѧԺΨһһ֧ӣ֧ӵʵǿֲɵʿ˽弶Ϊ磬൱ڴԲ񡣰ɵ󷨣˵۵һ𣬴ݻλ棬˺ڻ£֮ǷԳ֣ѾܵС
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˳Ĭˡ
Ļǰǰδǹعȥʼһȫһ֮䡣
ܷɨǰ飬ٷϻУ
һӥ·Ż󿪣һֱͨͨ򣬲ԥƬ̣ҧȥ
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֮ȥȻǱ߳Ӱ
ٸţʼ桢Դʼ桢ħ桢ǵ۾ԼӰħ۾Ҳˡ˱ʼ棬ʼ϶ǻزȥˣҲûǣֻܱȡůǱΪ˳ѣΪűѵʼ棬гѵĻᣬȻ
˺ܶôҲҪģʼ浱ȥ֮⣬ǻĺúõĻˣһȥ޷Ҳ֮⡣ĵ
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֮ĬʵǲģΪܸо鲻Ծ˲˽ģܲ˽ôôõĳѻᣬͳˣܱˡ˴λ˵֮·ܾһ壬㲻һ壬ܿҲΣգЩ˵ڻҡ
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⣬ȴǲԸ⣬һֱ棬˿ȻʹѾҲĿΣգԻǸ˹
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ǶԻ˵֮·϶ҲǳɵģЩ˴ûе񣬾ȫš
ģҪôǱŽҵҪôûѡֻѡλġ
棬֪Ĵ⣬Ͼɱ񣬿ڮңСҶ㲻شԵŮ˸䳬ѣ֮·ûλã㻹Ǵȥɡ˵ҲɱѾǶʴˣ
˵󣬻ϱһɿµơ
ˣǲǣȴǹЦҲɻ
֮һ£֮һֱ֮ľĶûκεĸ飬ΪҲ涯֡ڻ֮Ǽ棬ҿӦ֮·򵥣ܿĪΣա棬ʵΪ˱档Ȼˣǲ棬ʱΣգֻҪЮס棬Ҳû֮Ͷ
еҲĶЩǸġ֮
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֮ȻԸһѣǾһˣϾһԪĺѣ˵Ը֮ЦЦ
֮֮·ʲôɣ֮Ǽڽ
⻰һҲЩ
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ɫƽЦЦˣȻԸһѣǾһɣ
Ŷô
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֮һ£Ҫ֮·ȻҪţΣգҲˣϾҲûȥĵط
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֪Ҳ壬ҲԪǣ˵á룬ҿ壬֮·㣬ҳ֮һȫ㳬ѡ
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ֻ˲֪ٹ֮ͣոǸڰʾ뿪ѵµʲô
Խ룬֮ԽǾ鲻ԣһӡ
֮·Ҳһ·
Ҫȥʲôһͬھ
֮ɫأҪ£ʱȴΪʲôˡ

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֮ĬĬס
ǺγĲ⣬ǲܳѣ֮϶һЩĶ
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ռѳһŻŻ߽ȥԥһ£֮ȫ뵽С
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ı߱˵ţĽŲ˷ڽڵռ䣬ԽߣԭռǵԽСⲻǸӵˣԽԽ޷ƿԼ壬ָо뿪ԼڵȻϵʧˣǷվ壬Ѻһ
ǲϵشռ䣬ʱƺҲڷٵţоʱĴڣһеķƺҲʧ
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ӦǿˣҶѾʧȥ˶ĸӦ
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֮ͨŻһ֮ͨŻʼǴ뿪ġ

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뵽Ѿȷһ飬ûѣ뿪ͨ

ĵ˵ţҲЩӣ˵ʼȻ֮·λøңشҲǵһ
һΣ
֮ȻЩš
Ҿʼң׵ұʱ֮شҲų׻ָڼû֮·֮ҡҡͷˣһȥ֮⵽ʲô֮⣬УѧԺ֮ƺô˵ģҲѧԺԺʼǼݳġ
⣬У૵ô˵
Żǰ뿪֮⣬ǲǾĳѣ
һ̣˶巢ǴûзԼ볬ô
Ŀ˿ˣ֪˵ĵģʱҪǲȳȥ˿϶ǲҴ߳ȥġ
һЩģǺãߡ˵ţ֮ͨ·Ļ֮ͨŻԳ֮Ϊ֮ţһӦʼ֮ڶ֮뿪顣
˵ţһ֮š


2059 ǳΪ
˴˿̿Żģɫء
һģߵŻǰֻŻһĻһɢʵİɫâǻҲ޷Լʶ͸Ļ鿴Ļ֮ľʵ֮ǰѾһλų˼ܻ˴ĻһͨĻܻ˾ͳʧȥϵ˵ˡ
Ļ֮⣬һȫ硣
ֳŹĻ̽ȥֺɵͨ˹Ļ͸оһǣ֣ҪקĻ֮⡣տʼĻСǺܿͱԽԽ£Ҫﵽ˺ĳ̶ȡʱɫ䣬װʲôûзһͷ˿һ
λǡ
˵֮ŹĻȥ˵Ӱȫ뵽˹Ļ֮Уʧ
ĻˮһһȦȦعƽ
˸Ӧ֮ϢѾȫʧǳ׺ĸɸɾ
ĳˣ
ܵĿƣ˵ǳѡ
ֻǲ֪֮ʲô᲻һ磬ñȳߵ磿

λ֮·֮ẦԼȻҹȥʲô볬ѣһնðԪ˵ĳ֮ѵûзգѧԺɱЩܻ٣ҾֳѣҲõģҪԥ˭֪᲻ʧܶԵ浭˵ţˣҲŹĻȥ
Ҳʧ˹Ļ֮УѾоϢ
ʱƺҲĻ˭֪Ļ֮ʲôģкô϶ԽȥԽãȻö϶ȡˡ
ߣ
֮һŹĻȥʮλ׷׸ϡ
߰ɣҲȥ
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֮ħ֮˵ţʮλͨ˹Ļ
֮룬ҲͨĻ
ܲܳѣǻزȥˣƴһѰɣ
ǶԲʼ棬Բʼ񡣡
˵ʲôãǼȻѡ׷㣬Ǿһ·ߵס

λʼĴ֮Ҳԥ˹Ļ
ֻʣ֮ͻ֮
߰ɣϧû
֪֮ǲǿϧ֮ôõĻԵ
֮֮ͨ˹Ļ֮ɫȻЩ֮ͨĿ˳ѣҲһʱһ壬ǾͻԼ׸˽ȥҲסλãһԪ֮Ԫ֮˵ܿһЩߡ
˵ţ֮תߡ
Ƚ⣬·ѾԼӡǣ˿ȫѭӡ۷ȥ
һͷȻɫ䣬ֻһ״󺺣ЦеĿûзӦʱֻһưשӲͳԴݺ˹ȥ
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Сһ㡣
ս֮֮ʶҲ׻ع顣
ʱͿԼѸٵѿϵƬڳܷ䣬ѪȾ֮ţѪ͸֮ţɵ֮֮⡣

֮귢
ǧԪӽΪ磬һש֮ȫΪС
궼ڷ֪ʱǱʹʱȫľסԼһѪҺֱȥѾ֮·ķΪ֪Լ֮·Ӵܣս֮϶ܹ׷Ͼս֮϶Ҳ֪֮··ߣµܾǻ֮µ塣
ܣܵô
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ŶûУ
ս֮˿Ҳ˲ӴܶȥĻ֮ˣʱҪľǶס֮ţȻͻĵıҪաκεĵ飬һһȭȥռѣĿռɵһ֮вٵЩռܻ֮ķɵƿһĿռѷ죬˶ɫ΢䡣
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ʼ浱بǰһ֮ʮλĳٴθ֡
Ϣʼʮĸˣ˻棬Ǿϸڳʮĸˣȴ֪ԭʵҲܼ򵥣Ϊʮĸ˸ʼһ֮УʼǰľСһʼ飬ʮĸ˶Ҫʵ̫ˡʼǿʵʱѾԿ汾ԴȻ˵޷汾Դ򣬵汾Դ֮£ңԪ
ʼһ̶ʵѾǰߣ汾ԴѾ޷ƿԪ
ʼ棬ˣ
ս֮ʼһץסʼ֮žǰ˹ȥ
ʼǶס֮ŵţǻʱŸˣֻΪڲƭЩ뿪档
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¡
ʼǶ뵽֮֮У֮žȻȫκβʼֺһɹɿµϵ˺ʼʼ졢ѹȴٻˡʼȫΣޱ֮ţϸ֮֮ļ϶һȴҲ޷ƿš
ģֻܰЩˡȥ濴ʮλͬлħҲµˣֻǿϧ档ս֮૵Ӱһʧ

Ϣȫʧˡһռ֮УԪ૵ȻһôոǴϢսģֳˡЩ֣ƺˡôѣֻҪ֮ĳ֮ʱҼ棬Ҳң治𣬶㡣
𣬿Ҫˣںϰɡ
ںôǸںˣǵںϿɲһһڶں֮ǽ޵档Ԫ˵ţǿµļԪΪװɣ
ǳΪףЦš


2060 ɵŮ
ʱȥת۾ꡣ
һ̫ƽ
ǱֵֹͣĲΪ˵䣬Ҳûٺ忪ս
ıٶҲԽԽˣƺڸһвûн
Ԫȥˣ
ʣµЩãĵ˵һȥҲǳ˽ǡ
棬ǺȻ۾
ǰֻһ״˺ѿռ䣬һŲУĿռ侹ȻǱһѿˣǲǲ
ʼҲע⵽쳣Ѹƿն
ʲôˣ
ǿϢս֮
ʱʲôѵҲȡΪ

û˵뵽˵Ļս֮ͻǶѡ
֮涼ӵԸս֮Ȼս֮ڴս֮Щġ
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ǵĻϢȥĳˮһʧɾҲһͨһʼЩ
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ѧԺԺֱͦӵġ
ս֮ЦЦȴ͵ӰһŲգѿռ̤ѣֱǱϮ
ֻ˲оһͷľ޳ǿֲϢ˺񣬶ļλС񣬶ѾɢĿռ֮˳ȥ
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СӣͲѵл˵Ŀʵ
ս֮˵ţ˼ѾˣҪҶסûʸ֪ҵ⡣
СӺģȷ
Цˣչֳ˿ֲս⣬ս֮£ս֮ǿµϢֱӱ䣬
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ʼȻ֪ǺǿϾ֮ǰǶʵɱ֮ǽӴ֮»Ǳסˡ
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ս֮ҲǾޱȣûк£ӵ˷ˡ
Сӣһש
еİשǵȥҪǿưһ
ۣһЦȴһӰԼԺȨ˳ȥֱӲ뵽֮У綨һԸս֮ʹֻս֮ǵʵൽжս֮׵ĳ
漴ֳצս֮ǰשץ˹ȥ

п³һ֣Ϊһߣסǰש
ս֮ɫȻ仯ǵ³İשıסˣҲűסˣȻ˵ûȫĶסȴҲ뵽֮һһ¾ϱ˼һ

ٴ³һ֣ս֮µʲô˿Ҳ˲ôˣѸپǺ󳷡
һ㣬ֻǵ͵߬ȭһӾһըһǾ޴ıըֱӳս֮ȥȵľս֮İש˳ȥս֮ҲµҶһһ紵߷ȥƴȶΣȴ粨֮еСһ
ķѾԸ淨ˣ㲻Գ棿ʼţ뵽һʣԳ档
ʼҲǾޱȣǲɵӣ˿￴ȫʢʱڵҲѾǵĶ֡
һս֮֮˱Ϊͣ£ϾѾ֤Լʵ˭֪ӰһһɫâʱͿռһֱӾͳս֮ɳȥ·ϣȻŵɹս֮һƳս֮ȥս֮գųս֮ͷһֳս֮ؿںȥ
ס֣䣡
ս֮ѾŵĻ겻壬ʵҲ̫ˡ
ǱѾҪͣս֮ȻԳӣһƷ
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ô
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ڿ˵˵˰ɣ
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ս֮ޱȣƨվһȰԼİש˻ϸһ棬һǶˣ̲סޱȡ
뿪棬棡
ս֮պԼĶ˵ҲԼֻһ·
֮ʲôʵҲ˺档

ĴǰڣĿľΪ˳ѣֻ޷Ԫ˵ѷԪôѪֵ֪ꡢ塢λһĳ֮вͨߵĳ֮·ʵҲֻһˣҲȥ֮Ѱҿİ취
һܴˣҲս֮Щĵĵطǻ
һֱججʱ򶼲֪Լڸʲô
Ҿ֪
ǵӻ˵֮·ʱͲµ˻ĵͼ
Ҫȥ֮̽ȥѰѵİ취˳ҲħԼʮλһƭ˹ȥһԭҪЩһ̽Ͼ˭Ҳ֪֮ǲΣأЩ˵֣ɲ١һԭҲΪǼһֵѹЩԪûôˡս֮ѻ֮뿪ԭȫ˵˳
һƭôһ𣬻֮ȷΪǼ˺ܴѹ棬Ƿռơ
ħλֻҪɱԪܱѧԺƿء
ʼû˵һǶԻĳ˸мһ̣ǷʼѾȫ塣
ô£ǳĬͻȻŻһ뿪ҲЩ⡣
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Իĵĸû֮м˾֪
֮һȥĿһԼܵܣԼӵ˱ɱˣǱԼİɱˣô
ܾᣬÿ絶
ӱܣӱһУ뿪Ѿõѡ
Ҳ뿪棬һоͺûйϵˡ
Ҳ¿ʼ
Żģ
ɵŮˣ
ŮˣɵŮʲôǶǳĬˣ̲ס̾һ
ϣԺǻټĻᣬҲлĺΪһС漴֮ʲôĿģǵҪİɣ
һҲýˡ֮˿Щ˵


2061 ڻҪҵ
û˵ҲЩɻ
һҲýˣʲôýˡ
ⳡսô
֮ǰһּһּ⡭֮˵һԺǰʽ֮·ɵһΪֲޣ

Ϊ֮һЩ𾪡
˴֮һȫΪޣҲɵһֿȱ
ɵȫҲøǿҲò˶þܴﵽ
ǳĬˡ
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ʼħħޣҲ൱ڲȫɵһֿȱ
ʼ壬ʱǿʲô̶ȣ˵ܴﵽȫʢʱ汾Դĳ̶ȣҲɱԪˣƿ档
ֲ֮˵һжˡ
Ǹýˣ
ʼҲʶʲôһҲ
µʱҪˣ
ʷĳֹǰܵ

һǧ֮ϣɳΪԼҲ˵εѪɱ䣬ӵǿʵ
ϣɳ֮µĵһԺȫΪͳµ
ϣɣ
Ǽ뿪ǰϣɸд
սϴϣɣѧԺһλ漶츳ѧʱҲûΪϣǿ󵽽̶ֳȣ˵һӴɵ֮·ѧԺĹж
̧֣ϣɵļ򣺡ԺѧԺҪУѣǵʲá
Уѣ
ϣɵ˵ͷ֪ԼѾѧԺҵˣѧԺѧˣֻУѡ
ʱϣԺΪҰ佱
á
ϣôһᵽʱѧԺ϶ѾΪĴ˵

ѧԺ֮Уǻˡ
־ǿˣ岻ϵؼǸ˲֪ٹ꣬Ǵ˹ʼǱߣʼҲʼӸѾ˿ʮѾΪ磬һѸٱǿǿգܿϢһһڶ
֮£תֻزϢ
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صڻ䵱ǵ֮߳ѧԺһ·֤ѧԺĳɳ
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ǵ˵ͷĿ͸壬͸뵽֮Уֻ嫾޴λ棬棬콾һǿߺţҲڴǵĴ档
ΪĴһ֮ϣס
Ȼɾżˡ
ЩοѾΪ
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ھʮεڳһޱȻԻ͵ħ֮еĲǿѾﵽ˽ɰ˼Ϊ۷塣ֻǲ֪ÿһεʵҲڷ񣬶ϢһͣЪ¯һΪṩ
ʼԴԴϵؽ뵽棬ֻǵһӥ·Ļٶ̫ҪĻҪ塣ҴѧԺʦһǰ壬ʼ档ǻ
ʼڶ࣬ͨȵʼ𣬴󲿷ֵʼ޷뵽֮С
ÿ춼ʼĿռɣ㸲
ȻʼԸɵɵѧԺαǣǡ
ϣҲǣԪ治֪㵽ȥˣҲ²ӦڽںϣûֹĻѾ˿ԶԿǡǼ
ʣµֻޡѪսԪ棬Ԫ治֣֮ս֮ҲѾվѧԺһ֮Ѫ֮Ѿ졣
棬ѾѧԺ˵㡣
õģҲҵ񡣡ȻƴǣѧԺô꣬ڵΪѧԺЩʲôʱˡ
һֻ̣оЩԺڲǸֻѧԺѧ
ʵֹѧԺѧʱԼһֻûôǿΪ˹ؼá
ˣȴ˴̫ƽˣҾ͸䷢ҵ֤飬ʽҵˡǺȻûԶѧ˽ɾż֮ѧԺҲ̲ʲôʱҲñҵˣʵ֮ǰΪҵģϣɲǵһϣɵ⡭ԺҲμӱҵ񡣡
Ҳ֪֮ǰϣɾͻع鵽ʼ棬ѧԺȻǱΣ˵ûвμӿԣûõѧλ֤һûеõѧԺϿɡ
ڻҪҵˡ
૵ҲǸ̾ޱȣʷѧѧԺ˰ɡ


2062 
壬ȻԿǰߡ
Ѿʵ֯ľȻפ
һʲôʱǸͷ׻򲻴Ҳ׼š˵˸߲⣬Ҳ֪ǲģ
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Χ˵սʿҲЩƣ
ΪػԴΪ٣ΪԺ
ֻǸ֪˵Ѿǣ֮ǰҪƻ
ҪϹ˵ô⣿һսǱؽȡʤ벻ǵ档һز¶ŵӺߵȴޱƶ
˶ǳĬˣؽʤô
ǵģǻӮ
һģ
ٴμ˿µĶ־һҰޡ

ˡ
૵ƿճϿա
ѧԺһʦһδ壬ƱΪҵķѾĴ㡣
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ѧԺʮһλɾż൱񼶱ʵʦѧȫ
ǾͿʼɣţʾһ񣬡ΪѧԺѧݵʱˡ
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ˣ䣬ȫ䣡
ͻȻ֣֪һģҲнɵΪ֪Ŀ£һһӾɱͨࡣ
ڱʹ˿һĴС֮ڵ鶼ܿ
Ľ£ϵ۰׹ǡ
İ׹Ƕѻɽ嶼θ˰ɣĿĲ࣬ھĿ档
䣡
վ΢΢һͷ羪һռҲһѡ
˵Ŀ⡣
սʿʼսʿһп˵ǻҽѧԺԺѧԺ񻺻˵ţϵϣϢһҲȫɢ˳꣬Ϣһ£ͽ׵Ĳ඼̲סɪɪ

ȷΪ̿֡
ԥںϣʼʺʼϢ֮أµ֮ӦʼһƬϢ֮ءսԽˣսʿߣóһͨ

Ⱥˣ
սˣôˣ
Ѿ˱׼˿ȴǸоյģȻã
ôϷһսͽˣ֮ǰʲô壿
ؼǸһƬϢ֮أԵ֮ⲻǱĳֳɹˣ
ܽܣҲ޷ܣȫǷһֱս塣
ƾʲô
ŭһλ˳ȫȼŻ棬۾ɵϴֱ
˴˿Ҳһŭ죡
ƾʲô
ƾʲôѧԺ˵һսҪ
ҪڣԼԽͣ˵Щŭսʿ
ֻһЦȻҪ˵ĻҲ˲ӵ˼㡣
λ˵սʿ֮һѪ֮ҪһϢѧԺѱˣͶ壡ԸոѧԺŻô˵֮УѪ֪֮ʲôʱ򵽵ģŲѪЩѪܻΪһޣצš
ţʮӰѪ֮֮
һȻ
һҲսʿ֮ҿ֤ѧԺɱʮλħ棬λѾ䣡
䣡
ѧԺѱ䣡
ɱʮλ
ħ棬λ䣡
Ⱥٴηڣԭ
һж͵ͨˣѧԺҪͨʵѾΪĹӡ
ͽ
ͽ

֪˭ŭһսʿǸŭ˺գγ˿µķ籩
üͷһͶסǰĿռ䡣
Ƕȸ״
ķ˶΢΢һ
ţֻһĨɫĹâ˺Ŀռ䣬˿ռʱһʵ֮䣬ֱѪ֮ȥâһޱ汾Դƿ棬һʥԣһְѲܱɿܣѼٵıع򣬰â֮ɫѩ
Ѫֻ֮оԼ塢ꡢһȫᡣ
֮һʱ䷢쳣ҪѪ֮һשƿնԴ˹ȥŵæܡ
䣡
ɫâ£漴ʹѪ֮Ĳҽ
ռ䱬ѣռҲըĢһܳȥٹ꣬һЩĲֱӱ䡣
ռɢȥڿѪ֮״
ֻһɫֱӴظ͸Ѫ֮壬Ѫֱ֮Ķ֮УѪ֮ѪųȥȾɫ
ڳĽϣϣɽ𼦶ʼ浶սʿ䣬˲
ںΪ
֮ҧǼʣҲ˶ֵս֮Լһ֮
Ѫ֮һҲЩ
ʥԲһ䣬֮ͨһû뵽ϣɾȻҲˡЩԾ֮ͨ£Ѫ֮Ϊֲϣɣź޵ֿ֮
ƾʲôҾ͸ƾʲôϣ˵ţ󣬿ֱӳÿһֱ꣬ҪԼĻ˵档
ƾһⶼǴʼӶʺ
ƾûʼ滯֮ţȱڣѾ𣡡
ƾҪֹǣȻǶҪ
ƾڵʵѾԶˣǣȴúú˵

ϣ˵ָһڵսʿŭȵǷʼģҪһƬϢ֮أ
սʿסˣЩ֪롣
ʼ棿
Ҫ
ʵˣ

Ǹ֪ЩЩģǾ̫ˡ
֮˻Ҫ⣬ʱս֮ȴһվ澺սʿս֮ΪҪЩ쵰ûǵ£ǻΪƴʲôڶһȥлģӴǹȥΪʲôܴģ˭õֵܣҵĻĻ
ս֮
澺֮еĵλɲ֪ͣսʿ澺
˿ս֮վ˲˾Ͷҡˡ


2063 
һЩ澺սʿʱʼѡ˳ˡ
սʿȴԥ֮С
֮Щ⣬û뵽˻ᱻս֮˵
ԼҲʲô
룬ڵ֮Ѿͻ֮뿪棬Ӵ˼Ϊµޡûбκݺ˵ЩҲ˵Ǳɱ֮ͬһ뿪棬ȥ֮Ѱҳѵĵ·
Ȼ֮˵ĺһЩʵЩ˵Ǳ֮ˡ
֮ݵλ⣬˵죬ܸ塣
վ˵Ӱ컹Ǻܴġ
Щսʿ棬սʿ࣬˾޴ķ졣
ս֮ô˵֮Ҳô˵Ǹ˭
ҿûбɱҪƻģѧԺԺѧԺʦֹǣҲˣ˳һɫĳȹ羫һ
ʼ뿪˾ͽϡ
ѹܴȥѡѧԺȥĹؼ
Ҳ֤ҵһֳ֮֮ΪѷҪǳɹе鶼Ҫ˿Ҳ
֤֮֮ͬҲ˵

˵˵ǡѪ֮˿˵սʿ⣬˿̼ˡ
ǼҪѧԺʼΪУǻԪȡʤ
´ϣɵͷȥЦѣҶ죬㵱ϮңͲл·ȥɣ
ʼ浶գѪ֮ĲӾնȥ

Ѫ֮Դ˳ȥѪɽɺ硣
ʼ浶ǳԽ߽㷨һȥֱӰѪ֮ȫĨɱ
ֻѪ֮Դ֮зţһ˫۾ϴ󣬸Ŀ
˭ٲ
ϣɵָսʿѪ֮Ѫµš
˿̵˲
ߣ
һ澺ҧҧüѾûбҪ
Ѫ֮һλˣ˭ֵܵϣɡ
ҲЩս֮˵ġ
˶Ҫˣǻʲô
Ǹӣ
̫ЦˣǺսֱ塣

˴ͷҲ͵ӴˣȴѧԺʦԼս֮֮
ԽԽսʿߣһ߽ˡ
˵ʱˡ
˾ɵʱҪȥֱʱĳ׳Ϊʷ
˵λԪ֮⣬˲뿪棬Ǳɱ
˵ľӣҲȫɢ
˻ʣʲô˵ʲôûʣˡ
ɵʱʼˡ
ѩӥЦЦǺ˼֤һʱĵ
Ҳ⣬ʼߺѧԺȴԸŹǡ
ȻˣǾ;һɡЩʱĸҲ˳ʷ̨ˡϣɿ˿ˣһռ˾ԵƣûеŹЩˡ
ȻЩ˻ǻͶԪΪԪİס
ϣ֪׵Ԫڰأںϣںϣ϶ٴϯ档
ħЫ֮׷ɱңұʱͷĵͻƵɾż֮һҪնɱ㱨𡣡ͶħЫ֮ˣȻħЫ֮İԼ档
˵Լ֣ħЫ֪֮
֪ͻƵ񾳽ʱ򣬾֪һᵽ
Ϊ㣬ұ뿪壬֮Ư˼ǧԪ˵ʵʱ޿̶һܻ㣬طˡһҪˡ
ܸ֮Լ˵ͳελ˶֪顣
˵ļλҲǳĬˣһεĶô
ƾ㣬ܻһΣܻڶΣһҲһôģһɱ㡣ɭɭ˵ȫɢǿϢ
˭˵ƾˣ㵱һǰôս㻹ʲôһӡ֮ʱ֪˵Ը֪ܵļһһˡ
ս֮Ŀɿڴеĵ˵ͷ
˵ļλЩãȻô⵽˭֪ܣ
Ҳоٴʶ֮һ
űƽ֮ս֮ЩԸһ֮ʮģټһս֮ĻǾͲһˡ
Ͼս֮ͺǿս֮ȫһӣǼɵ
ѻ֮Ҫ֡
ס棬ֹǳԮ
ǻѻ֮µʦѧԺеĹϵΪۣѧԺǷ˻ѻ֮һ顣
λҲǣ֪ǶԪҪ֧֣ﻹġǰûѡΪһվԪĶ棬ҪٲڲһˣԪǻҪΪŰǾֻ·һˡչֳǿϢ
ͷǰ֪֮ô뵽ʣ̾
λĬˣҲ֪ԪȻԼ˴ƣԱɡ
ѧԺԸһ·ȻǷ⿪
ˣҲãʱҲգҶˡҵʵҲʲôԴһѻһԶˣ޹ϸ𡣡ѻ֮ЩĻ˵ӻ֮ΪĴ㣬ԪΪ޶ԣᶨ뷨
˶ˣʱڵĲҲʧˡ
ѻôô
̲֮סŭıѻ֮Ļ𾪵ˡ
γһǳԾ
ǸҾ֮Ҳʽˡ֮Щ˼ͲǰˣԪʾĬҾ;ˣû뵽ѻ֮ˡ
ǰǱģδˡ֮̾һЩΡ
Ĳϣһ̳ױ
ȻҲЩ⶯ҲΨһķֻˣǽܴ뿪
Ͼѻ֮Ѿ˱ʣǵֻѡǺͷ
ˣɢˣ
˶ɢˣµʱȥˣЩҲˡ

ҲעߵĶһˣѪ
ޣû뵽Ӣ쵼£˾Ȼɢˣɢˣ֮һ̺ܵ⣬ĳҪá
ɣ˭˽ɢ˭ǧˡ
һζ˶ˡ
ʲô˽ɢˣӮﻹ㵱ս֮Ц
ŶҲǡҲˡ˵ˣѾģ˽ɢס֮ЦȴԽսԽ£ս֮һԸ˾Ȼѹסڽڰˡ

һǧ֮
ΪȡԽԽʼͨ뵽µ档
µ档
ʧˣʼҲҪʧˣһȫµ档
汻֮˳֮Ϊ档
壬壬ϵ򣬱ϵԵµԨѾ
־ҲԽԽǿѾΪ˳ԽʼĴڡ


2064 
Դ֮ء
ĽϵѾչһ˼ĵز
Ҳ֮ΪԴ֮أ֮Դأ򷨻֮صȵȡ
ǿߣɱߣɲ繷
ˡ
ӰգѧԺڵϵǸճ־ͱ־á
һæա
һϿµǣǵһƺȫ
ѧԺԺġ
ս֮Ļû˵꣬˵Ӱͱһɿռ֮ţͶ뵽һɫ֮С
ٴγ֣ѾѧԺ֮С
ԽԽԵԽԽûɶˣԣǰûɶ飬ԽԽ˳ηˡ֮
־־Ļۣڰ涼ǣҲǰ򱶣ҲʹϽΪȻĴڡ
˽ģȻת֮£涼бΣա
λǻˡôɱûУЦǺǵ
壬֮ս֮Χɱ֮ȻУȴҲɹˡ˲ģֶѰ֮ټΧɱ֮ʮΣһ˳ȥʱĳһЩ
ˣʧˡһȻʧˣȴж˵㶫أҲ˵ѧԺѧá˵ţս֮ӳһѪģĶⶫˤڵϷ˳Ƶ֪ⶫжء
ѧԺļλʦʱ򶼺ĿȥǾȻһֻɫëֱۡ
ģҰ죬Щ
οǳԴˣһ磬һֶֻһСϵ˵֣ҲΪ
ʧȥһֻ֣ƶҪۺܾá
̺żֲҴлѪסԼ󶼻ĶġЦЦ뵽ʲôˣϴʦѾħЫ֮ʬħЫ֮ʬҲԽˡ
ǳĸʣħЫ֮ҲǳĸʣħЫ֮λо޴
ʹԽ񾳽ıݣֱӴﵽħЫ֮ĳ̶ȡ

Դ֮أǻڱչ֮С
ѾһԴ¯ҲҪתΪ¯ˡ
99
ڵĽȣľ1ˡ
ȻҲͲһ£ҲؼģѵģΪ100Ȼӭһʱ䡣
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ڰ¯׵¯
ʼ˵ĳ֮Ҫѱһ۳һǧǧɱΪڵĻҵ¯൱˵һڶﵽ߽ףڵѾﵽ׵۷壬ֻҪϵ¯壬źܴܿﵽ߽סĲ꣬Ƿﵽˣ⻹һδ֪
ʼ棬ڵĻĺԪӦҲ߱ꡣ
ֻԪѾֳ֮ԪΪֻҪ汾ԴڣΪ־Ͳκ˳ѣñݵ֮ϡϾĲǽķϵģ첻꣬汾Դͬ⣬½ݡ

ǰһ飬Щͷۣѵûгѵİ취
ΪˣĶѾðȥ֮Ѱҳѵ
ߵľͷô
ͷô
̫Цˣ
¡
һµǵ˼
ʲô
ãˣ
𶯣ڱ

һѧԺʦ׷ǳһȥֻĿռһϤӰڳ
Ԫ
ˣڵ֣ƺûκεûκεĸ鲨һеһ
ĮĿƵ¶ҰһѪâǾһֱһ
ô£
˹һЩη壬Ԫ̫ˡ
ԪǸҲܸоԪϵǿֱǰʮ䲻ڵҲѾԶԶͻģȻоԼΪҲ˺ܶ࣬ڵĻģȴҲûκʤ㡣
ԺԪں棬ڵҲһȨޣ൱һ汾Դ򡣸ոҷӶ߸ĿȨȫƿ档
һ˶ˡ
汾ԴϵĶԿһֵܣ˵˾ǿƿһֵıԴ
Ԫķ˺һԪⲿһõ˼ǿȻв
㻹ܶסô
Щʧأ鶼Ҫ
ѧԺʦѧҲ硣
ܶסϾѾƿһıԴ൱õһĿȨĻһ֪Ⲣ˵߿ల£һֱһͻһԶţ򶼲ð
ˡ
˵ţͶһ棬ԪȥӰ
Ϊʲôˣ
ȵȣҪȥʲô
ƺ

ռ䴫˾ҵĲǰͳͶһ档
ɽ򱻴ݻˣȫɱ
˵ţոնҷʵֻ̽̽ĽԼܻңҪȥԼҪһɱ飬Щͷųܰеΰ涼еΰ棬ķҲıĳ֮
ѷ
˶ǵһԭѷԪŵĸƭ˵ģֳѷȫ޷˹һǸܵ顣
ȵȣϣ뿪ʼ棡
뵽ʲôԪҪʼĵϣӥ뿪
˴˿Ҳǵʱִһ棬һϵԪˣԪ˿ڼȡϵ֮ɢıԴ
ֻƾűܰ£Ѿɥʧ˼ϵĻһλ桢磬òǧ꣬͸ֵʼˡ
ǧꣿ
ҡҡͷʼǧʱȫתƹ
ҪʵϣɣԼϰɡҡҡͷЩٿȥˣһ治֪жٵ飬ЩеҲУȴֱʧȥԼ
֪ԼûǸ
Уʹġ

ʼ档
ϣɣ뿪ɣ
ǰϣһУȰ˵ȥϣȴǾܾˡ
֪ϣҪʲôѾް취˲ô
ǾȲˣǻᾡȸˡϣ˵ţ¶һЦݣҲһΣҪԺʧˡ
Ҫʲô棬ֲԤС


2065 
ϣʱҲûҴʼ񣬸׼ԼȥֻͨҪͨǾǧ棬ɹȥʼ顣
Ȼϣ̫ˡ
ھʱѾȥˣʼҲѾˣ˳ʷ̨ˣӦΨһһǻΪʼ顣ϣЦЦǴڵ壬Ҳǵʼ飬顣ҾǼȻʼ飬ҲӦЧʼλΰڡȻҲǿǣȫƾԸɡ
أ
ʵ֪ϣǲҲҪô
Ȼվǰ桭ϣ˵ţͣһ£һΪſĿռ䣬ֱΪľԪǸʱһûһصѧԺˣҲһصѧԺ
ѧԺңһУΪѧԺ̫ˣҿǷʼ棬ʵǷѧԺԺҵĽ̵Խʦҵϣ
ʵ˵Ѿĺܺãûʼڵôǿ
ˣҵʬѧԺŶһЩѧӦúмֵһţԺҲֻѧԺѧˣԺ˵ѾҵˣѧǲˣѧԺҾ͵ʦ
˵ʱϣɵЩɳơ
ҲǸжĪ
ϣɣľҲ뷨ԭԭĸԺҶԺ˽⣬ܻܿŭֹ㡭תҪ뿪뿪֮ǰȻͷ֣صϣɣҪţһҪţԼ˵ģ㻹ǷѧԺˣֻǷࡣҵ˼Ӧס
ϣһ˲ˡ
ˣһ˰ˣʵǰʼ޾иѧԺⲻǿǷʲô

ô˵ģôӣﲢƽ
ϣɲԸҪ׼Լ壬ûԤϵġ
ȷʵܷŭһ˲ȥϣץ
ǵģ֪ڵϣҲСˣϣľҲĵ
ɡ
֪Ĭ˶ãǻػ˻֣ʾҲ뿪ˡ
ˣۡ
˽ѧԺĻʦ
ԺҲͻƵɾżˡ
֪ˡ
ͷҲ̧һֻԴֵҪˣ뾲
ǣԺ
ӦЩɣӰĬĬˡ

ʼ棬þô
ˣԸһ׼Լͨʮλ񣬻ǧʮԼ񡭡
ˣǻᣬǵΪ̫ͣҲ𲻵ʲôá
Ǻðɡ

壬һ˶Ԥеʲô
ˣڰδյһսĲǣ˿ҲǱ𾪵ˡ
ǿʼɡ
ʼɣ
һȺ˵ţȻЦ
ȼ飬ֵã
ȼ壡
ȼ壡
ȼ壡

ʮλǧʮͬʱڣ룡
һ̣ǸһΪԼģΪ壬Ϊ
һ̣ǾˣҲ࣡
һ̣ľɪɪǺȻоԼޱȵСͱ΢

ϣɴͷϡԿһ˵Ӱ壬˫ֳ죬˫̤ءȫظſˡĿռһۿɼٶ졭
һʮ
ֻǼ֮䣬Ŀռʮ࣬ʱҲ˼ޡ
˻ͷʼķ¶һοЦݡ
һϣɵѾȫʧ˾ǵĻѾ뵽˾˵塣
һ˵òȻλʼغ
ʼ棡
ʼ淽ʼԷĹʧʹޡ
ϵشȾһʼ涼ڿ
һ죬һЩոտǻ۵ľޣ֪Ϊʲôᱯˡ
һ죬Щ˻Ϊ˲࣬ΪĴ˵

ˣ
ˣҲ˵áô˵أ׼ԼʼֻȼǵΪΪȼվͿʼȼǵ壬ȼ꣬ȼǵ꣬궼ˣǾˡ
һƵĽƮúԶǹ˵ĳЩġ

ʱȥ
֮ϣϢʼʧѾȼճΪޡ
֮Ϣʼʧ
˰֮һϢʼʧ
˰ʮ꣬ԪڸԼıܽ뵽ʼ档
һֻʣ֮һû뵽ʼ棬ʣµ龡
һ꣬еϢȫʧ˵в׼ʮλǧʮȫ䡣
һ꣬Ҳûʼ֮˵
һֻ꣬һ档
һ꣬ĳƺźȻİˣҳƺĵر˻Ԫ޼޽ɣƺǻԪ޼̫ҽɣƺǻԪ޼ɡ
һܰܰ

һ꣬ѧԺĳԳԺļһ־޴ѹ֮£Լƽ߽ס
һ꣬ѧԺҲȻĳЩ仯

ģ
ЩӦ
ڴﵽ߽ףʼ˵ĳ֮Ҳֻûдﵽˡ
˵ıԴڣ˵ıڣٻ˵ϵͳ
ϵͳ
ס֪ġ
ʱҲǸ˵ˣһ͸Ӱֻ˵ôô
ֱ̫ˣվһ
ԣӦþһģһ
˭
̲סʧΪʲôиôֵĴڡ
ˣ
ȵȣո˵ϵͳѵϵͳ
˵Ҿ㡣˵ţ޷һֲҾϵͳһֱ㷢ϵͳȻҲΪԼڸԼ񡣡
ңҾϵͳЩҡ
ǵģӦѾﵽ˻ؼҵֻҪںˣⲿļ䣬ͿԻؼˡ˵š
ؼңԴиʣⶼʲôʲô
塢λһĳ֮;߱˻ؼҵϾļ磬߱Щǻᱻֽġˣ㱾ӵвꡭ˵ţЩڻؼңļҲ棬㲻ô˵أһγȵĴڣҲǵάǸ߹ĸά
±ƣоԼǸСס
ȵȣ塢λһǻؼҵǾ߱ǲǾĳѣܸо˶Ԫƭˡ
ҲʲôˣϾЩļ䣬Ҫ㡣˵ţ˳ǱܵľҪ㿪ȴٶȸ죬ֱӽ뵽ǵ壬ʧ
磬漴Ҳ뵽˳˯֮С


2066 ɵʱôˣ
ʱȥ֪ȥ˶꣬Ҳкüˡ
ٵѧͻƵ˽ɾżĻԪ޼޽ɾ磬ЩѧҲԶĳΪѧԺʦ
ס桢졢Ҧܡ󡭡
ȵȣ
жʮλѧͻƵ磬оѧѡ֮
ѧԺķ֤ͻƵԪ޼޽ɾķ
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