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ߣˮ

ݼ
Ϊȴ֮һ磬һ 


һ ռ
һһ


1 
ǣĹΡúĻģٳ̶ȣӹ֮ף˿ǧ򣬶ԱƯֻΪʵеͱ
ǾƯһԱǶѧҵ֮һϲµĹŲϲµ
ٷĳУƶĵطͬгд壬ΪţƤѢĵط
дһ˵ڴϣϵ˿ڣһ׵ͷԼΪԼͿĨҩ
ݲʮƽףİʮּ򵥣һһΡһѣζͨΨһŴһ˫˴ռ˳ݵĴ󲿷ֿռ䡣
һµԪƲ࣬ɣһող˵һʲСĿ֧
ݵܼªɣ֮ǰһ㶼࣬ΪİŮĵط
ǰֻҪصССĳ鶼еġ֡ůΪ֪ԼİŮڵԼ
ʱ飬µڴϣΪ˿ͿĨҩ࣬ʹʹ裬ȴһԣ˫׺ݣ·һֻ˵Ĺǣڶ˿ڡ
ҲŹǵġ
ĳһ仰ҧгݵĵͺ𣬺һֻ;ĩ·ϻ
Ůѣ÷С޲µĳһСѧѧСѧһ·໥ĸͷֲö˵
ɣڲ֮󣬲һʱ䣬ȻͶĻڹһ֮á
Сѳ飬ȻһѧһֱѧϰɼҲһ׺֮ˣ¡
֪ºȥˣȴվ˫ȭѵ֣ĺüڵأŪһˡ
黹ǵãһֻţԼϣһ߰Ͳм֮״˵һ
飬Ҿ㣬ҵδޣԺ󣬻ΪҵӣٸɧһΣͲôˡ
뿪ûԼһۣ壬ʹġ

ͻȻĿУһʹ
ԭ˿֮ʱ̫רעһѾϵ˿ڣһ˺ѶѪ
ָ֮ϣһʯָǶʯиӵСľ״֪һٻ
ö䣬Ҫ͸ģֵһٴԪܲ࣬ȴһġ
ɣָûͳȥѾܵһʹöָԶͲȥˡ
˿ϵѪҺʵ˽ϵǿŸӵСʯϣɫͨһȻðһ貵Ѫ⡣
ѪҫۣĿˣ˫۶ЩˣԽĽնȴԾǰһƬͨ
ִ۵ĸоʧ֮ȴһĿ⿴ķĪ
鷢֣ԼѾǸխСĳˣǷ·֮У²Ŷƣͷ϶貵ǿա
ͷ죬һƬ񷣬УĻϵǳӵƤ۾һգһգġ
ĿԶķգоͷ֮󣬳е֮Сһ̣еŽ⡣
ĲΧ֮УȴζԹҲ֪ӱʮ겻
⣬𣿡
ǰľ鲻Լ۾Ļɡ
һϵ˿ڣһĵʹֶӶŤˡ
ס˾ʹУǾ֮ɫʹҲΣɣ
֮ڵĿռ䡣
һȻһƬޡտ֮С
˭˭˵ҳ
ͫһ˲Ŵ͵ԭתһȦиȵ
ң񡣡
ǵٴͬʱͷϵĲ֮УһǻŶ£ǰһ
ףǡ
γɣЩ죬̵һ룬ⲻԼöϵʯ
ɣöʯǼٻôܻ֮仯Īǣһﲻɡ
㣬ʯͷ˵𣿡
ɫһ̽ʵ
Ө͸ʯǰһĹ켣һͣ£һ֮
Ҳʯͷ񡣡
ʯͷѾ˵ˣȴ÷˼ѵĴС˵
Ҿ񣬲񣬶ഴġ
룬δ˵Ȼһ˵ˣ֮ݣһ
㣬֪룿
һֵĿ𾪵ʵ


2 ͶӰ
ȻΪͨеġ
һĵ
ˣ֪кܶʣϾͻõ𰸵ġ
һ䣬֮ϣһâӦ֮ʱԺ֮С
һ̣󾪣Щ־֮⣬ԼһƹâԺը֮ʱˡ
һϢδһΪʢǿյ۹ȫ֮ɵһһԴȪ
δƼչ۷֮оĿ꣬ת屦صĿ˵ʵõ
ڽƾԿɽʯ弫޵ǰ֮£һЩԲ㣬żǿյ۹
ԭǵ뷨ǣ֮󣬿ȫȡеǿ˵ǿǾԿġ
û뵽ǣ̫ǿˣʹǿյ۹ǿһˣ֮Ҳܲǿ
һɣѾе˴󲿷֣񾹴ʱգ˲֪ǰĻġ
ۣԭͷô󣿡
еϢ֮鿴۾ֱųС̫һĹâޱȡ
һ̣õδˣӵǿ֮ԼҲʵˣڱԼˣҲܵͷ
ţȻȻı˳æʵС񰡣ɲҺܿǿ
ԡ
Ϊʲô
Щʧ
һ̫ܲҴںҵĻؽڶҵѾɢȥ˴󲿷֣ȫʢʱڣҲҪʱȥָ

һкȥȫһֻʣʧĴӦһŶ
ȻҲһ¾;мǿһһ
ֵ
һϲæʵҸôǲҪһ
֮ʱһЩܲͬȤĶõʱգʵڵģȴγһͶӰҷֻ֣ҪЩͶӰȹõ罫ԽԽʵΪʵ硣ҵ뷨㵽Щ֮ȥһ磬һǿ
ңصģǿҲ𽥵Ļָÿһ磬Ҳмĺô
һ𺳣û뵽ƽпռĴڣֻǣ˵ģƽпռΪͶӰǺ⡣
鲻ǱסˣɻȻҪʳҲ˽
ԭ֮治ͬѰȫϰˣ֮£ΧγһͬռͶӰ
磬ʮ岿С˵ѩ¹ЦбԧһԽŮΪ˶࣬ͬ֮֯£γɸԵͶӰ
һЩӰӾ硢ϷȵȣγͶӰӿ˶٣ǿγͶӰʵȺ͹Ҳв
˼ǽ͵ЩͶӰ֮Уع֮ٽ̻һһԻͨ
⣬ⲻ𣿡
Ľܣ龪ˣһʱ䣬Ժ뵽ϵеС˵˵ơ
һ룬ˣԴһռ䣬һЩһռ䡢һ磬Լ
˼άһַɢƵ״һʱ֮䣬˺ܶ࣬ӦÿУǣԽԽ
С񣬻ǿ
齫Լ뷨˵˳
Ļһ±ð˸ݵĸɫʣҲֹ£·һһ
ָͱͱ鵣ĵʣСû°ɡ
һ𣬷һ֮Ĺâٴ˸Ƶʱ֮ǰ࣬ԤʾҲƽ
û£˵Ļء
ôɲУ
Уһ⣬Ƕкôġ
ǿ󣬱ϾֻһҪܷӳǿ齫֮֮󣬶ѾΪһ塣
£ȴҲش֪ŻһѣԽǿҲԽ
ԣ龡ǿ˽룬һõ飬ΪĥʯңҲô١
Խ࣬ͶӰٶԽ죬ȫһЩͶӰ磬ָ桢á


3 
鴴һռ뷨õĳֿ϶ǣһһ꿪ʼƻβ
뷨ں嫵ǿ֮£Ũİ֮ϣһӴľ޳ǣƾճ֡
·һ֮ǣǹ֮УиֽȻ򣬹滮ļΪһֵҲޱȡ
޳֮УΪ۵ģǳĵһߴʮ㣬ʱڱĵʮ㡣
վ˴ƾԶ޳ǼΪ㣬Ŀһɨͷӡ
޳ǵĹģһһ޳ǣǰ﷽Բ
⻹ֻһĹ滮δռ˶ˣ޳ɲ£Լš
ֻǣҲ֪ˢһ̶ȽգʲͣҪֳ²ס
һתɼʮ㱦ʮУһСʱɢ貵Ĺâ
С񰡣ɵò޳ǣԺǵĵ˰ɡ
˷ܵص
ǸСľ޴һͶӰʵѾ仯һ޳ǣ޳Ǿ
ǰǵĵ̡
޴򷢳˵ͳ
гĹҶѾŪˣڿͨͶӰռ䣬֪ѡһϵ
ʲô˼
Щ⣬æʵ
Ŀǰҵޣ仯Ϊ޳ǣֺķһʣµˣԣҪʡһЩѡҪѧϰϵƼ似ȣļ磬ܶһģȵһ۹һſԴ򿪵ڶϵͶӰ硣
ԭˡ
ͷе˽ˡ
ǣС񰡣ҿӵϵͶӰ磬Σ
УĿǰ򲻿ͶӰıݡ

а
ʧˡ
Сһᣬ书ɸһ㣬ǿ󣬱罣ɣһնɱǧ֮⣬Ƕô
Ϊһɽɱǧ֮⣬Уݶȥ磬ϧһ仰֮£ȫΪӰ
Ȼɲɣֻ˶ˣȻӵͶӰ粻ɣôӦÿ԰ɡ
ԣӵֻܶ࣬Ҫ̫׵ģѡһϤģѡһʱ͵ص㣬͹ȥ
ֻеһ磬ŻŴӵڶ翪ʼһ˼룬һһͬʵġ
һ߱ԣӵǿļͻһ侲֪ôĳɳãܹǿ
ݵĻͲǿߣֻɱ֮гɳǿߣǿߣſܳܵȫ
û⣬ѡ˲ûɡ
ʵ
û⡣

Ȼ齫Ҫ͹ȥʱ͵ص񣬲ߴϿжԼȥѾȲˣҪʶһ硣
ڿС˵Ǹʱ˲ʮϲһС˵ĳգĺǷĺĽݸıĳȵȣ̵ӡ󣬺޲þһأ죬ڿԸˡ
ݵڵͶӰռ䣬һͣĵӾߵӰԽȥĳʱΡĳص㣬ͶӰĽչҲӴʱʼ
ţڹȥ֮ǰҸһ츳
񲹳
츳ģھһó̻֮Ϊ츳൱һռ䣬ͿԴһܡ
츳̫ˡ
ȻӦ
һֱû츳£黹ΪԼûⷽʵϣҲȷʵˡ
ֻһͨˣ涼û̫ڵģĹȷʵܾ츳֪֮츳ϣԼռ˴ˡ
ˣøķ㣬Ҷˣһֻ֮ڹ֮ڵķ㣬ˣϣ㲻ҪʧܹɳΪǿ񡣡
ڴ˵һ̣оˣĳ
еɻһţҲû̫һ£ܵĵС񰡣ͷİɣ츳һɾͣҲ̫ˡ
ֳһ֪ǶԼţǶ츳ţΣǺõġ
ˣСûʲô˰ɣϿ촫Ͱɡ
鼱͵ĵ
á
һӦһ貵ĹâǰһͷؽĸоȻ


ڶ ˲
˲һ磬ȴһ籩


4 ڤ貨
һͷؽᡢѣεĸо˫̤ʵأ΢Ӧһ΢ڰĻĿܣԷһɽ֮С
ϣÿһС˵ǻٶһЩ˲ǶɽɽеõڤһΡ
ʮ岿УΪģţѧǱڤĪȻҲвͶ˼ԭ
һͨˣڸݺȥûһԱ֮ο԰쵽ԣ˱ڤ񹦺貨΢⡣
ɽϿұڤ񹦺貨΢
ľܣ˷ܵ૵
˲еһΣǵбȽôѰңͿ˶еһʯ
߽ȥۿʯ̵Ĺһλˣ˵̬򷽣ʤգˮɷ
ѡ˲еĵһŮ󲿷¶̣ͬȻҲһЩͬˡ
˲еŮǣϲľ壬ò˵׵ϣ̸ʤһ
ɽеʯǰˮģ̶ɵģʱӵУȴ׺
һʯ񣬲ˮ׺֮ȻĶֲöһ
鲻Ƕִڸոʧʱʯĳûôǿҡ
ңִᣬŮûУͬȽϡ٣ҳһ֮⡣
ֻʯƬ̣Ͳˣһʯ֮ǰÿ˵µţȻ顣
飬һΪڤ񹦣һΪ貨΢齫֮мصһͼĲïÿһͼ̻ĶһλŮŮӵòʯһģһ
ڤ񹦺貨΢·һ飬ʲô֮ڤߣҲɣǧδ֪Ҳ͡Ѹ죬Ʈ񣬶޳Σֹڣ鷢֣Լ̫
鲢ԷƱѧϰĻڹģȴ̫о
ڤ񹦺貨΢ͨƪܹްģȫͨ͸ģ治࣬û취
ֻϰġѧ䣬ӵкܸѧˣѧڤ񹦺貨΢֮ʱһͣһ⵽ܸľ磬պһδεʩչУ⾫
һ룬֮ʱ鼸ˣѵҪѧϰڤ񹦺貨΢ҪѧһĲɡ
һƵ飬齫ϣڱڤ񹦵ˮµһ仰ߣɱңɵӣȫƨ
˲УµһɣؤµһΪңɲµһɡ
ңɵ䲻࣬ȴ̫ˣӡˮɽͯѣһλһǿߡ
䣬ɽͯѵİ˻ΨҶ𹦣ͰԵÿʮ践ϻͯһΡ
齫֮ʱǰֳİťһǲѧϰһѧϰ
ףСɵòͷˡ
۾һϲ
˲磬һʱˣԴתҲˣһˣԼǴԽˢޣǿֱѧϰġ
һǸѧϰİť黯ͶΪССĹһûüġ
Ժʲôըһڤ񹦺貨΢һھУȻȻģ鶯
ڤ񹦣һİ֮Լķ뷨УԼһ˵ÿ졣
貨΢ҪúϤһ£׾İ˰ʮΪҪʩչҪϤ׾
ǡǡ׾һϲͨҪͨ貨΢ֻһ;ˣѧ
ӴѧͶ˼Ȥ飬ɽдת֪ʱţ֪˶ʱ򣬾öеѾ
УҪȥ˲ɡ
ӣ˼š
ȥһҪȥģ֮ǰбҪʶһµģӷ˱Ѫµһ֣ʶһ£񲻿ϧ
ɽô󣬺ܿҵһ֣ؾ֣һʯϣӡӴӡ
ֵĶѾãһ߹ۿһߵͷ΢Цʵʲô
Χ壬⣬޷һһΧģһ㲻֪ʱֻǿϡ档
ʵҲûһǺӵ֣ɹɵʮĹ
ֻǣΧһϲͨʹ֪һƬǹؼȻûãײֵ֣ɣǶҲƾ֡
ڴˣӵʮ깦ǲҪˡ


5 
һ֣һԼĺ֮ڻǳּ֮ܲУ뿪ɽ
򿪶ţŸո߳Ϸһ£¡¡ƲСһ֮£һ̤
ȻȻһѾ貨΢λ֮䣬˿ȥһžһˤɽС
ϣˡ
һлͻȻˡ
ˤ䵽ɽеˣӵ𣬿ƶʮӣһʳڵĹӸ磬ֻǣϴһЩ
Ӻˣ˷ʽ׹
̽Ŀ⣬һṫӣЦʵ
ʵѲȷ˵ݣֻǣȷһ
¶·æ׹˹أԲˣԲ𡣡
æ֣͵еϻ̳Ͽֵӡ
ԭǶιӣѪ
еһȻһȭԱš
䣬Ѫ
һ˻Ȼ֣֣֡
һŰˣǶιӣٴæʲô֮¡
Ͼᣬ˻⡣
һƶĹֻдţû֣ȻԼǿֵģѪģպ֡
ˣҪ顣
Ȼ˹һ±ý
еĵǰΣιӿɷϸ
Ҳ˲ʧ֮£֪ţϸϸڣȷʵ֪
ңöȥȣǰٹȣٹ֮ڣ֪ͬ·;
鿴С˵֮УҪת磬ҪĴֹۻڲ֣֪ԼⷽΪȱʧһ㣬ĺ͸ͬУɵôˡ
˲еһˣֱΪǷ塢֮УˣӦûЩô
ԡ
ͷ
һ˵е黹ǿöģٹȵĵַڣû
ιӣʱ䣬ΪȣϿĻһʱˣûˣҲᶪġ
磬һ֮ɡ
ϲæĵͷðл֡
ɽιӣųδ̫磬ҽһŸ·Ĳɺá
˶е䲻еκͿǷ»ἫӰûһ㡣
֮ѡʮϤ˲磬Ϊ֪״˽Ĺ£ýδ֪һЩδôȥա
ѧ书УҲѧ䡣
һҪѧ䣬ܾ
ŶΪΣ
װĵ
ľĵѧʲôõģɱɱˣѪҲŲҪѧ䡣
֪һ˵ǣЦЦĵιӴԲӣѧҲɱ˵ģѧһŲ𣬲ɱˣԱңһṦ·ٶȸ죬ҲԸõؾ˲ǡ
˼һĻе̵˼һЩת䣬Ȼ飬Ƶ˼Ҳһԭ
Ǻðɣѧֻѧѧġ
ȵĵ
ЦŵͷȻ
ˣҽŲĿھ㾡סˡ
貨΢ͱڤ񹦵Ŀھȫǵúܿ죬ֻӣȫסˡ
ڤ񹦺貨΢ؼ֮У˿ھ֮⣬ͼ貨΢ÿһôߺͱڤ񹦵תͼصĸ
ûԭؼΪգĿʮ貨΢׾˰ʮΪͱڤ񹦵ľѨתʮ
֮󣬶ое㲻ԣɻĵ֣˵һŲôо˲֮⣬һŹ
鵭ĵ㲻ùܣֻ뽫һ貨΢ãʿԽ֤İȫûġһŹбڤ񹦣ȤҲһ£Щôġ
ڤ񹦺貨΢Ƕ齫֮ռˣ䲻ʲô֮ģӰڵһġ
鲻ùµڷչƫԣ취ڤ񹦺貨΢ִڻȥ
򵥵Ľһ£ת仰ιӣ貨΢ھͿˣȡϵٹȡ
á
Ӧʹ졣
һ䣬һǰ̤貨΢ȻȻʩչˣǰ֮£һӰ
֣ȵҰ
һܵÿ죬˲Զȥˣһ£æֺһ䣬Ҳʹ貨΢


6 ڤ
ɽµС֮ϣӰƵһ㣬ǰٷɳ۶ȥ׷һ㡣
ιӣ貨΢ŸѧͿˡ
һߴǰȥһЦ
֮һѧϰ貨΢ʩչԴռеĹκμܣѧϰ֮󣬶ʩչ
Ҳǿʩչѣ൱ڶһƤëҪĸ͸յĸӴ죬ȴҪ͸⵽λ
൱ڽһŹ˼ѧ֮ʱֻһպ̶ȵļļȵȡ
ȴһռߣǾȴԼס貨΢֮󣬱ʩչʵ
Ҫһ㣬Ϊ׾ѧԣò˵棬Ҫǿ̫ࡣ
ŲǸ׾İ˰ʮԶģǡɣҶ׾ſԺܿ֡
ζĻص
ѧʣȤ貨΢׾йϵ̶ܴϵ˶Ȥ
һ·У;ͣ½һ֮⣬ʱ䣬Ͷˣʩչ貨΢·
ȫ֮£ã˾ٹ֮⣬һƬѹѹɭ֣һž첢УߵĿãݣϳһ
ιӣٹѾˣԼȥɣһ£ȸˡ
֣΢Ц
ڶľ鷢չʱĸ棬֪ûΣգһֱ׻ԼǸ棬ܸı
֣Ҫ߰
һЩᡣ
޲ɢ֮ϯ֣׼ǰȥԭԭһΣʶһԭĴ÷⣬ιԭǻپۡ
ͷ鵭һЦһչ֮£һֻһ㣬ѸԶȥˡ
˲ľ飬ʵĲ֣ԭҪȥԭģȥȥá
ڴľ飬ǶСչĳҲ
ӴǰպǧǵϦɾͣûǮƣûƥûһ˿ڤܹС
һĻʾ飬УؤҴǷʵĪԣȸȥ
ǣԭ·أȥɵ鷳
ӡ֮Уɾһܺ۸ССɣһʵǿһЩĸ֣¼һڷ˿ԶԸġ
貨΢һ·ϣصɽ֮£һصСͼıɽ
ͻȻ쵽쳣æһ㵽һԣȻƬ֮ĽŲ
ʦã뿪ԶҪɽˡ
һӵ
ðҲϣòҪߵԽԶԽá
Ůӵ϶ĵ
͹ǰǸСӵңѾ뿪ɽڻ֪ء
ӵ߷ߵĵ
Ůοû£Ҳһ
ʦ磬ԺҺô
ͣһŮƵĿˡ
ʦã˵ʲôң㻹𣿡
ˣԭ⣬Ҫڵĸɹ͸壬̼ǵö³ңľ
Բˡ
аϲ
Ȼ鿴һܲɣʦӣ书ϡɣĿǰûκε
貨΢հ˰ʮһܣ൱Ϣתһ죬
ֻǣڸ·ʱ򣬲ûõ貨΢вγһܵԣڼûл
һ׵Ͱ͸ϵɽ֮ϣ»ûԸѾ˸ɵˣǸɹ͸ֻˣӦøöԸһЩ
ţ˶ʱɹ͸ҪߵˣæסһĿҲˡ
ϰ֮ˣٶĿһЩУɲðǸգһлСΪϡ
˵߹æ˳ŸɹȥɹӦæͷδγѾ˷λ͹Ѩ˸ɹѨ
ڤһһк£һһӣˮ
ɹתҪѽ鵨ϸ׼ֿ죬һץס֣ס
ɹҪѣȴ𾪵ķƲˣ岻ܿƵĴڣڵкȥ
ͣŰӣһƬ̣ɹͱһɶֹͣڤ񹦵תһ֣ɹڵء
ʦ硣
һźٽ˻ӣɱ㡣


7 ɺ¥
ĽǲɱֻǰһƬ⣬ɭɭĺˡ
鵨Сɣ̣ʱбһҺãûеȫкܶ
貨΢ʩչαòһƬƬӰøֻۻҡ
ת˸֮ʱһ٣ĺ󱳣ڤ
оڵкȥ󾪣䶯еĳ裬Ҫ顣
ֻǣ貨΢ȻȻʩչûģøټ
кȥһĸо˸ͷ˺֮ղסѵһ֮£䵽ء
ԭأһʵתڤ񹦣ڵ
ڤڱڤ֮޾ɣ鲻Ϊڶû⡣
ԭ֮У̫Ʋסң߻ħ
µĸɮæѹϰ񽣣ŵûʲô¡
ûԣòӱСģܸɹ͸̫ǿɣǰûһ˿˵Ѿ˲ˡ
ת˼ıڤ񹦣оӦûʲôˣɹȴɫ䡣
ʲôҪ
黺߽ɹ󾪣ѪɫֽŲõȥɤӸɺҪӲϹһ
ĸɹʹֽŲãҲӲģһ߬ס졣
ӣ㣬ſʦ硣
ɹ䵽ԼҲû廹Ǽᶨ˹
ץסɹ鲢Ҫɱϴһ£һֻǮһؼ
ϸɹĳ齫֮ΪУתɨһһ𣬾ֿԼĸɹ͸壬ĵλٳգһպ󣬻ǰȹӰɣҪ̤㽭ˡ
һˣתȥ˫űƷ磬ܿڶ˵ʧȥӰ
ɹ͸壬ֻ˲еҪ˸ողŸԼһʮǮһ黹ȥɱ֣˵ҲûɱǵıҪ
ԭУɹ͸ĽǱȽҵģľɣٲ㽭أ᲻ɱصľ壿
ԣΪ˶һЩ֮õҲͲˡ

ǽϵһǣʷƾãּصĿ׷ݵ̳ĩ꣬гϱ̫ʢľ߽ˮ֮
һ磬⣬һλ꣬³һƥ
λ꣬ǧӴϹ飬·ʮգһ·糾ͣڸ
ʵǰεĿĵص⣬Ҳйһ˼ݣϾĽݸ֮ʵ̫ˡ
ĽݸһһһʵʵΣԼƷˣһհ˵̬Ҳȥһ˹ա
ֻתһ룬벻ôҵģ˵ʩˮֲܽȥһû塣
֣һҪľ齫ݣǰȥúˡ
óȥǷǽϵĴǣסһˣɺ¥֮ڣǣǰС
Žֵһ·ǰתһ䣬ϴһ¥ֶдšɺ¥֡
¾ãѬһڣȴ˸⣬Ӿ¥ӵߺһƬ
ɺ¥ϣ˲мΪҪһĻ飬ǷͶһƣ֪˰֮
һӣ׼ɺ¥¸ˣǷͶĵ˳㣬Բһѧ
Աڤȥĸɹ͸ѾȫתΪ˱ڤʮ֮䣬춯ѾΪˡ
ÿ˹֮ʱԸоԼһůůʮֲӣЩڤ൱ڶĹȴûס
Ըɹ͸ΪתɵıڤҲ࣬ĹѾ͵Цˡ
˱ڤ֮⣬貨΢Ҳܲһֱάһ貨΢Ҫ׾˵ô׾İ˰ʮҪ֪
⣬黹õһѾѧˣܴŽˮƽߣֻѧȴյΨһһֱӹԵѧҪġ
㱱ڤ񹦺貨΢ҲֻԱԵ֮ʱܻĲ㡣


8 Ƿ
Уɺ¥ϣ֮ʱ¥һǣһ
飬Ѿһʱˣסڳеһջ֮Уɺ¥Զ
ÿ磬Ļɺ¥̶ռݽһλãϼ򵥵ľƲˣԳԺȡ
Ϊһã֮ԻһֱȺĶһӵԺһɵǷ֮⣬ڴ
Ϊ񽣲ǲڣԸѧ̫ӣĴǰЩյġ
һƣĿ⣬ϰԵؿ¥ݿڣǡڴʱһĿΰĴʮͣɫɲۣ΢ãŨüۣ߱ڣһķĹз˪֮ɫ֮ʣơ
һӡ
˵һ̣бһ̾
֮ʱ󺺵ĿҲÿ˹һ˫磬ըϡ
󺺵ĿƿԽ˿͸ӣȴһ㣬Ѻõ΢΢һЦһ㶣΢΢ͷ
һ̣ûκɵģΪ󺺱ȻؤһǷ塣
֪˲֮УܹΪһģֻǷһˡ
ǰȥΪʱʱȱһһǶ
ȻֵƬ֮󣬶Сڵˣ¥һʱͷˡ
ϵ¥ùкҪɫƲˣ¥ͻȻһ̾
Ƿǰ¥λϵģһ̾Ŀ磬ڶϴһת
ڴڴټǷԱĿ֮ʿ֮̾£кùָǷı˵λү̨ľƲʶ
ƹѲֻ¥ϽŲ죬ǰһһ㣬һȣȴѸ٣ڶǸüߡߵǷǰǷֻ˵ͷ
㺺ӵ磬ԷԼһ磬ڻɽͤᡣ
Ƿ˵ͷδȴЩ
ߵֵܱ˵Լᶨ֮󡣵Էƺֲ֪룬ڳ֮ԣ˵ҸԼȥҲɡ
Ƿˣ㴫ȥڻɽ롣ȵȺԷǰԼ˹Ӧת¥
˵ͣ¥ƿ˭ȴ֪ԼڶˣңҲ֪Ҳˡ
ǿΪΪ棬Ŀ䲻͵˽ȴȻȻÿһ仰ˡ
ǷһƳͷ˼Լ˵ͻȻ˫ĿоⱩغһ
һһһ죬Ʊڵ£ˤ÷顣
Ƿ΢΢һЦ˵λ̨¾ţͬһΣ
Цãá
ƵǷϯ£ǷЦ̨α֪ʣҲμϼ룬Ǵ£õҷûζˡ
Ц̨ϴˣΪǵˡμ֣Сϲ밡밡һƣһ
Ƿ΢Ц̨ҲˬֻľƱ̫СеƱȡֻʮ
ǾƱͶʮ֣һƱЦү̨ʮȵ𣿡
ǷָŶλүͣαظʡǮʮﲻʮ
ƱЦǣǣʱȡֻ룬һ̳ƣϡ
Ƿ롣
Ʊˡһ壬Ǹо̱ǣЩܡڴ֮ʱֻżϼƣɵüͷ
ǷЦʮ룬Σ
һͦӣƺʧ̨̬Ī֡˵Ŷһཹཱུıȥ
ǷһЦ˵ˬ졣ҲӺȸɣű롣
ʱ֪ǸԼʱˣֱ˹ȥЦλˬֺǡ¿ڳҪһƺȣ֪ɷ񣿡
ǷͶѳɶ֮ƣҪһĶȥͻȻ˽öһ٣׷׿˹
Ƿ˫ۣƣĿ֮Уд֮̽ɫ֪ϸʶûóȻ˵
Ƕ飬¶ϲɫһվص֣ôôҲ
˵ҪһУ֮ڽϣǧǣ᲻һ
Ц


9 
˵֣Ե֣ǧǶһ뿪һźأû뵽ôܹ
ϲԽĵ
ǰҲû뵽
鸽һ䡣
仰δúܣУҲ֪Ⱥ˶ããΪ˲ɺ¥Ƶξ顣
ͷֵһɰɣڣӦȺȸʹŶԡ
˵꣬Ʊȡһֻ룬ˮһ
ǷЦãˬ죬ôǼɡ
飬Ƿδûк棬ֻǣһѵӣѲʳȾƲʵѣо֮ʱȺˬ˵
Ƿһ¶ǣһ룬Ҳʾһ룬ȴøйһܷգͷл硣
֪룬˵ڶ֮󣬲ͣЪģֶȥ
δȵʱѸзŻǰҾƹ븹УƺתտڣøоˮŻͻȻ䵤һһ彫ֻ˿ڵķ͵޷֮ʱ龰ΪƣŶڵķţǹ׶Ѩ
ھӿ죬ˮ֮ѨаӡȴҲȻѨѨپֱϵС֧ѨͨϵȡǰѨСָѨк
ʱ˵·еġ󽣡󽣱һоεĽʱСָ֮Уȴһˮ
ʱδʱͷԱѣˮСָУ֮ӣ
ִ£Ƿ岢ûģֻ䱾ʣʱ㼴ȣ棬Ц̨ȻҲȻЩ˼
Ц˶졣ԵƷ֪ǧ١ֺ̨㣬ǧ١
˵ű㽫ǰһƺȥ漴ִھ¥ٴ֮ϣСָľˮ˳¥ǽűߣ֪ûѰƬ֮䣬ȥĴȻ˳
˵ǾƷ֪ǧ٣֪ô£ĿⲻɿζһЦ
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ǷͶںҾƣǻϲ˵ܺãܺãƷ֪ǧ٣ȸΪ
赭д̸Цĺ˼룬ҾƣֱȺˮ軹
һƣʱɺ¥¥¥µľƿͣµĳӡҲ¥ΧԹۿ
ǷƱٴʮǾƱͷʱ֣Ȱ裬ȥһ̳
顢Ƿһ룬һ룬˸൱ֻһٷʱ֣˶Ѻʮ롣
ָ֪Ū飬ҾֻԼתһ˲к˵޾Ƿȴȫƾʵ죬ۼʮ룬أ治ɫް־⣬º塣
Ѱ˼˱ƴȥʤްܡֺ⺺ƹδ塣ȵʮʱǷ֣ǶѺʮɣ
ǷЦ̨ѵúܣĿס
Ц֣ģҪֳʤܣֻºܲסȽȥֻߵľǮȴˡֱУȡһ廨ɰһֻવһ죬Ȼɰûʲô
ĦǴӴûЯֻ廨ɰ˽˿ߣһ۱֪֮ɬȴҲһ֪
ЩӣϵܺαǳΪֿ
ЦЦһϡ
Ƿ˵ãվ͵ɣ߰ɣ
µ¥ǷԽԽ죬Ǻ󲽣˳Ŵ·ǰһУ䲻书֮첽ߣȴҲ˿
Ƿ壬ƾ˫ȥߣ϶ˣ貨΢ʩչٶȵҲѷˡ
Ƿһۣ΢΢һЦãǱȱȽ㼲С
Ƿһж鲻ҵæһһʩչ貨΢ں
Уһʱ׾貨΢⣬Ӿвıڤ֧ţ̾뱼ϮŲǷ̫ࡣ
ǶһʼļֻߵüˣһģЩб벽վȣһǡ̤ˡ貨΢еĲӡ
̤һȻǰߣһϲڶߵǡ貨΢㼴׷Ƿ塣
˲ǰֻ÷ľ׷״ߵ˶


10 ƴ
貨΢Ǵѧģȫû뵽ҪԽʤǷ˼ûС
ɣʱңֻܲоΪѧϻޱȵһĿ罫ȥǷ嵽ǰںȴȫȻĹ˲ˡ
Ƿ󲽣ԽԽ죬̼ԶԶͶ֮ǰֻҪԻü˱㼴׷
Ƿбͥвһ㣬лûְٹ飬Ȼһģһ
°Ƿӿ켸ֽں棬ּ׷ϣȴѳֲ֧̬֮
ô˼ΣǷ֪֮ǿʤڼҪʮʤΪѣһȵʮʤ֮˵úܣȵʮ֮⣬Լ䲻ɡ
ǷһЦֹͣ˵ĽݹӣǷտɷĽݣȻ鴫
ֿ飬ǷͷЦȻֵҲṦҲ˳ɾ͡
ǷߣתԼΪĽݹӡæСն̨ϴˡ
Ƿɫ죬˵ʲô㡭㲻ĽݸĽݹӣ
ЦǰϴˣλǹĽݸǴϵĶιӡ
΢ЦǰСܶϣÿĽݹӵĴʵĽýֻԵü
Ƿ壬ǸֺøУʵ̨Եô
Ƿ循֮ɫδȥ˵ǣǷ塣
ϵܣɲ֪ǷǰµһؤİڽǣĽݸΪǷ塢Ľݡ
̾ԭһλĴӢۣСܳϣʶһλӢʵǴҡ
ǷţǴϵӵܣѹ֣ѹ֣֡㵽кιɣ
˵СΪܶ½αĦܣĽݸѾ飬Ե˵ˡǳ˵ȴҲԼֵùĳ£Ҳڡ
ϵܣû뵽Ƿֿ֮һĦǹΪެʦͷСȴ뾹˵֮¡
߷ߵĵ
˲һУĦǵıֱ֣ۣܿȥŴ󳹴
ǰ֮ʱĦһ󻵵㻹лͷһ죬֮ճһɮ
Ƿ־ϲĦǲۣ˵֣ʮֱˬƽδһʣΪֵΣ
ϲС֮ãɷ֡
Ƿ忴һ飬Ц⻹Ҫֵͬͬ⡣
ڴĿ飬ĵ֣Σ
֮á
ֻĸ֡
꣬Ƿȶʮһ꣬Ϊʮ꣬ǷȻֳŵڶĩ
´Ϊ㣬˰˰ݣֵ֮Լ˾ǲʤ֮ϲ
Сɺ¥ϣ˽˽ԼᡣСȻ书ȴҲȥ֡ʿô
Ƿ˼䣬֪Ȼ˿书ɵ棬͵Ҫѧϳ书ͬ̽ȡһ㣬Ѵ͵ҪۿĻᶷҲ޲ɣֻµ˳ֺ͵ǧ򲻿óȻ
ϲԵӴ
絫ģһỤסܵġҵ䲻ѧȴпɣҲһЩС֮ͽ
ЦǺá˿ʱ磬ֵܻصУȥһƣȻͬϻɽ١
˵ҪȥȾƣɵóһ룺ʲźʮƣֻһҪȾˡ磬СܺľƣʵƭģĪ֡˵ˮСָѨбƳ
Ƿ循ֵܣǡ񽣡湦ô
ǣСѧ᲻ãý
Ƿ˰Σ̾ʦ˵йഫһš񽣡ĹνɱˣҲ֪Ǽ١ԭдһ񹦡
ʵ⹦˺ʹľʱȡ֮⣬ҲûʲôôҸĦǺסˣ;޻ءȾʵʧڿ󡣡
ܴԲӣ񽣵Լǿųµһֻ֮δڻͨ򣬾ֹֻƾơ
̾ϣѧң񽣡һָȣǵһѧ̫֮֮ܲ˷ˡ
֮УĽ֮Ա
ǺǣСܱͲԸѧ䡣
ɦɦԴεһЦ磬һָҲᣬѧĻҿԽ񽣽̸㡣


11 Ľݸ
ģҾͲˡ
ԣϲһƴǵ˼ûУֱӴӦ
еôãΪ˲ɺ¥ƵľȻǣ񽣣δû֮ġ
⣬񽣵Ĵ֮£ǷСڵˣЩ⡣
Ƿ循ʣܣ㽫֮ܣû𣿡
Ц磬ûģ㲻֪дңѧһԻڤ񹦣һԻ貨΢ոո·֮ʱõı貨΢
ԭˡ
Ƿص룬ܾһλ֮ˣͽСˡ
ղţƴ֮ʱʩչĲһֺܸṦѧ֮С
貨΢Ƽڤ񹦣ҲǼѧ龹ýȹˣɼ
ЦЦôЦˣС棬⣬Ψѧ֮꣬Ҫʶһ¾ѧ
⻰Ȼǰ٣ϲѧģһĿֻ꣬Ϊ˼ʶѧԼš
ǷȻԭܾһλգԺлᣬǿѧϽһ¡
Ƿ廰˼ʮԣνֻǫ֮Ҫָ飬βϲ˷ܵл硣
ˣˣ˵ЩˣߣǺȾȥ
Ƿ
һҪȾƣֹˣ񽣣ܵˣǷľ̫ࡣ
֮󣬶ɲף磬ˣʿɶֹҿǲٺˡ
ǷЦ͵ܹȰǡֻ彡ţСƣԽԽо񣬽еǰöҾƣúõĺһ
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ϲѣ鼫ǻĽݸˣȴ̸˼䣬̲סʵ磬ǰСΪĽݹӣĪĽݹӵĳ࣬СмƲɣ
ǷŹĽϵĴϣΪ˵ĽݸӢԼĪʮ˾ͣ͵Ҫźü꣬Ҿ벻ϳĽݸ֮⣬һλ书ǿòŵ깫ӣϴˣ
˵Ľݸ书ǿòšļãʣԶѰҪύô
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ʵΪʲô
Ƿһѣǰڷ˼Ҷ˵ĽݸµĶ֡
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ൽΣ
Ƿҡҡͷ˵ʱ˵úܡѳѾãΪ˶˷ǫּͣأƽ޶˵ȥĽݹӡԻ˰㣬ʵ˴󲻽⡣
£ҿĽݸֱʡ
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ǷɻʵΪ˿϶
ЦЦ˵ɲΪĽݸѣ֪ĽݸȻƻڽ϶괳Ľ֮
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˵ţֻ·áģĺӼҪ˵Ƿ壬סڲԡ
ʩչṦۼ㱼ǰһ빪һ˵ĸӴ롮ֶ桯˵ãƺⲻƣµֵס롮ʷֶ桯ǲӦԮ
Ƿ˵ͷʵЩʲôˣ
һӵŮģһǸ߸ݵ꺺ӣʮֺ񡣡
Ƿһ߯ҲϸˣԷֻһˣѵԸˣ
ǺӵŮƺҲ书
ǷЦЦðɣȥơ
¶ϲɫӦǣǷ
ǷͶλֵܣǺͬȥ𣿡
Ȼ
á
Ӧ¡


12 
⣬һƬ֣˲һҪľ飬ͷ֮УǷԼ
֮ԸеȺãһǷʹ񽣵֮⣬ֵһξ飬Ҫԭ֮һ
ӵ·֮£еƹһƬֻ֣һӻдĽֵȥҰôؤ˶ˣⲻǹıܶôǵС£Ҳ۵Ľֵܰװ׵Ŀһˣдд
ĽݸĴҳ˰ٴұǬͬͷ粨Уܸ̼ģǰͬ粨Ī
ͬӡһֵܸˣϰҲҲΪ֪
һ˴ĽݹǸְǰȶԼ𣿡
ͬԼᶼһĽݹӼؤİܲ߿һհдд
˵Ľݹְ֪
ͬô֪ҼȲĽݹӣֲؤ֪仰ʵ̫Ҳûеˣдд
Ƿһ̤߽ȥں档
УԶͬվŮ֮һ̣Ŀһ̵ϣҲƲˡ
Ҳܶղȴ˵УվڰͬһȺڵĻӣһۼǷ嵽ϲɫӭϣؤȺһ빪񣬴²μ
Ƿ屧ȭֵܺá
ͬȻһţ˵ţλؤǰôֵܰͬһҵͷˡ
Ƿԭǰ¾ĽӢյü𷶣¡
ͬҲҲʲôӢϳеġ˶֪Ұͬһǣˡٺٺ٣ǰϣĲˡ
ؤڣͬ԰һڱ֮ԣ޲Ϊ߿ֶ潯վŵ߸˻ְĥȭƣԾԾ
ǷȴĵµĲǣָ̡
ͬҼĽֵ֪ǰǸ֪ؤЩ˲ţص׸ȥݻ£ôԵֵϣٺ٣дд
Ƿ΢΢һЦ˵ĽݹӼְȵ֪ѶϢȷݣʧӭ֮л˵űȭһ
һԣ鿴üǷΪһ֮˷ȣͬ书УƢǲС
֪ǲеĳɼڰͬı֣Ĺ۸в̫ãǲɹһ˿ļ֮Ц
ϰͬȻ֮ɣ˵ͷʧӭ֮ȷҪлģȻԵúã֪߲ǵҪҪȨڱ˰
˵ԵãԺ󼸸Ц𳤿աЦ˵ŽϰͬŹᣬȻ鴫
ͬƨƨ죬ղŵĹƨȴֳĪؤ𣿡
˵֪ͬؤϵͷΪλ
ЪԺ߳ߣеİ׷еĺ棬иֱУռĽǣ̵ͬΧסˡ
ͬлвãȴ˿־ɫ˵ĸ϶ʲộҪһôΪʲô϶һ͵͵һԣ԰ʩôܺãܺãõúܣıǴܡ
Ȼһ˵ܵ˭ǰ𣿴ˣˣǽһ粨񡣡
̧ͷһ֦վһˣ֦ס϶˱֦
СԼĪʮͣհݣƲβ룬üë´òʮֳª
ĵ˵Ƿ粨ˡ
ʱֻһŮӽеĸ磬˹ӵѶϢô
ɨŮһۣŮű¡òǶĽݸʮİ̡
粨еðҵ˺ö֡졢̣ӵ£˵١һ򱱷ðֵȥ
粨սַսؤĴϣսðֵߣսߣսߣսߣһڰɭɭݣҧ˳ߵָ
ͬһĵĵܣСҧ鴫Ȼ˳뻯ľأʮغĿ֮ҧһǧ˰׹ڹнյΪ衣
̺Ͱ졢̶ЦЦѧ֪һҧ˵Ĺȴںźɣ
΢΢һЦ˵ǷĸĶŹҿɲˡ
ͬ㲻ٺ٣̫Ҳªˡҧʽÿһʽҧ˾ʮһʮҧǺܸ书
Ŀ⣬ɨһ۰ͬתܣɫǰҲҪվ
һæסڡ


13 ս粨
һ仰ԶĪŮа֣û˵˼Ҳûʡ
ʱк죬粨սһţ˼Уһֱʤ
̼粨ս£̵λʹһֻʲô书
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̵ļ仰ʹó߷ģ粨еֵס֮ƣΣңʱתһֻЫӣ˷粨
ЫӶڷ粨ֱ֮ϣЫҪСɫ쵣ģɲ
粨֪˦ЫβζסֱôҲ˦֮ѣæתֱ֣Լ䣬һ죬ɫЫʱóһš
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ͬۼֻȻ޷ҽΣѵһ𣬱򳤱˹ȥ
ֳָȵİ߽е복սôҰצյӢ
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졢̷վ粨࣬ĿкᣬֻУĸ磬ĸ磡
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Ƿ̵Ůɫ̣˵үˡ˵ű粨ԡ
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ʱ粨һֻȫɺɫ˫۴ƤҲѽӲ޷ϡһڶѪڵ£ֻǶѪɫī˿ˣ졣
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æ񣬵ЩС£ҳݣ
粨ЦҵڹС£ȴǴ¡Ƿ屧ȭǰˣΪеһ졣粨ʮ
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³΢ЦԵ㡣
粨һбгﵵĳϽе̸С
졢̶һеĸ粻ɣδԪ
粨емܲΪˣӶ浶ѿﵳϡ
΢΢ҡͷ粨Ǻս˲սˣΪǡ
ͻȻǷ磬ˣ
Ƿ˵ͷϷƣʱֵߡ
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14 ʮ
ʱ󱼳ʮˣڣͷңֱ̣ؤаڡűҲа˾ʮؤ˳ɫأǷҲ񣬷е⡣
׺Ҳϵʮڣʱ֮䣬㽫ִеĿյؼˡ
³ϺȻе󣡡ؤ֮Уÿһʮˡʮ˲ȣֱУͬϵΧס
ؤ̼䲼ƣǿ֮Ȼͬͷ粨ȴԴս˿
̽е硢ĸ磬ˡؤλƲ˵ģǼסְɡ
粨ٴһᣬȵĲɣסֺˡ
˵ʱһģ͵һ죬ͷ볤ɨһﵣϵݹͷѪ졣粨̵ģһеˢˢˢУֱҪͶԷͬھģ
ߵסŻٽ
³ϳַӴӴӴ
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죬Ƿĳָ죬˵ϣǷָɹץڰͬġѨϡ
ֻͬȫҲã߷ߵĵһȻꡯӣ˵òٲ磬ʲôã˵Ƭ̣ҲиԤ
ǸȻ书̫ǿʱȫûףƲǶԲˡ
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Ƿȷǳ㲻⣬ޱԼУҽĵ
һ仰ϣһץһµĵǵȻԾǷУָһת粨ǰ
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졢̵磬ĸ綼ˣȴֵҡȥ
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ǷϣԭΪĴ⼸Ҷ෽죬ɱ֣δرĽݹӡ
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۴òŵؤߣһЦ
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˲УȫΪļ֮һǵǰʱ򲻶ԣֱɱ֮졣
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ǷǽԽԽãǰ뷨ֻδؾȻм˵ۡ
ȫֵܶԸ꣬


15 ִ
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Ĵ㿴ңҿ㣬һʱ
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16 ĳϾ
ĳγȻĳϵԣʱϷɫһ˵šǶͬѡĺֵܣȻ޶⡭סִϸϣҲؽ⡣
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ǰ㲻ôҶ㲻ô
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˵ŵһͷԶԶ˿ȥ˫۱ǰһ첻µزµ
٩٩´ǣȥı¶˳𶯡
ִϰɳĳϱѰΥһִӣĳϰˡ
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µĻ˵ߵҪᵶأֱ۲ü޷Լиȥ
һִӽеûãؤеôáץסұۣһӣͷ
ׯҡлл漴
ԭؤйأǷ˰Ҫ̵ģ˶ϣԵֵܣֻһϴһִӶ֣ôԶѡʲִӼׯȷ֮⣬ֻвų
һξ飬ڴѾãؤ֮ڣ޺øУɣۼׯԽʬ͵أ΢΢üЩط֮С
֮ǰ黹ֻһͨˣ˶ټĪ˵Ѫ龰ۼڵѪϸߣЩΡ


17 ȫ巢
Ƿһԣͽ͸ȴʤϲ֮УΪ⣬ͻȻ֮䣬ıѣ
ڴʱλֵܣǰϴΪ죬ȡᣬʲôֶζôλ⣬ΪߴͣԴ򹷰ڡһ̩ɽᣬΧʮգȫǰǿУؤתΣΪֵܶ۵ü¡˾֪ǰ֮ǰ壬¹ʣǴӵԲΪʲôȻģңȫ壬㵱˵
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ǷԵ׳ϣ㲻Լȫͷβϸϸ˵סγϡɳҲңǷ嶨в֮
ɳϵҷ㣬Ҳԣ㲻ᡣͷ֮аѰϵĴͷǡ仰˵ûȴгʹ˭¶ߺЦݡ
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ҡ֣˵ҲҲҲĽݸѣҴδĽݹ֮棬λ˵Ľݹӵļɣ˵Ǿȴδء
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Ƿ建˵ؤ￪꣬ڽ磬˶ڡ书ǿ塢ֹ֮ʡȫұӻλȷǱӻǣΪҰϧӢ˵һ䡮ؤڳϺŮӡɳĳϣһλֵǰؤλϵ㲻ϧֵܿɶϧ
ȫ壬㻹ʲô˵תͷǷȲʶͽظѴ࣬淸ϵİ洦̱ˡ
Ƿȫ˵öıңмشԭ򡣴ɷ£ԾǶԣǴλֵܣǷΪкβԣԱǡ
ⳤ̾˿ǸװǻƵĴۣǸֱֱǵĺúӣⳤû·ֱ棬㻹Ǽ罫ɱ˰ɡ
Ƿ´ɣʵⳤϣΪʲô˵Ǹ˵ƭӣ㡭㡭ʲôطң
ⳤҡҡͷ˵˵ǣ̫࣬˳ȥؤڽҲ̧ͷҪǲǱ뽫һɱǾˡ
ǷӶŰͷԣ૵ΪʲôΪʲô̧ͷ˵ҾĽݸµԱ󽫣ǾҺᣬǲǣıȣҾںϸϵ˵ǶǴʱ¶ܾĽݸ
ȫԼã
ǷĽݸǴӢۡúӣȥɱ硣
ȫϱĸʵ٣ڸ˱ĳ֮¡˽֪ǹĽ¶֡ɱѣ˵Ӣۺú


18 һ
Ƿڳлⲽ˵λֵܣϣڽϵ¥ͷƣһλȻһʮƣ治ɫþúӣҺ룬˵ϵԿƷϵڶһĽݸĽݹӡұơһơڶֵľ÷飬ƬѪɫ˵ϧϧϧһþơҴϧ֮ģƱ㲻ٳ֣˵Ʒϵڶ֣֮ϵڶµƨҵ̨عǫƷ̨ۣʵһ֡ԭؤǰݵֵʮַ飬ûˣپһ룡Ƕ˶롣ʱ˵չұһǬ֡ⲻǬ֮ǬǸɱ֮ɡ˵Ľݹӵǳϼׯׯҵׯȥաλֵܣ˵ΣǲǺѣ
ⳤ⹫ұǬǺúӣѣʲôʱ
ӹ飬һ˲ǺܺãǷУǺúӣ鿴̫Ҳû߼
˲ľʣЩʹ֮䣬ɺ֮ˣҲڸǲкķɡ
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ºӿбô࣬Ҫɱˣֻ֮͡㲻ɱˣôȭҲȻѼǿ˵ȷеر֮У˵ʮѵáλֵܣҺԶҲδܷҵټˣ㲻Ǻѡúӣ


19 ִ
ⳤϡ³ϡ׳ϵǺúӣ
³ϵϧûҲô֪֮Уôһ
Ƿ建ĵλѣʲͳ³Ͻֱ֣³ϵĶЫˡ
³һһ粨񣡡
Ƿ˵ͷ˵
ֻǷ˵³ϣؤԾΪһǱҪ뽭һ˷粨Բͬն粨֮಻޹ؤĸ֣ܸȥ
³˵ѵǣҪҸҩԭΪ롣¹㲻֪⣬Թ֮⣬ľţ¿һ㡣
Ƿͳ³ϵݣΡѧ֮ˣһɱ޹³Ͼ㲻ǱкޣҲܲ׵ȡ
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ǷһϯȻ˵ĴΪѱĳ¹㣬ϲĵǹұǬˣ粨ǷǷͬ磬λҲơЩ˲Ľݹӵѡ˵úãۣȺ֡λֵƽľһ룺ĽݹཻദĶôһˣԼǴ񡢱޳֮ͽô
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ĽݸĴҳǺúӣԸй죬ȴֵ̡ͰҲĽݸ߻ħˣħ
ȫ֮ɱģƲĽݸˣ
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ؤȺˣԶݡһֱûʱϡϡĺӣ˵⻰Ҵɱһ޹ˣ񹢹񹢹
ⳤ㣬ԣֻͣﹴĽֺС´һ𣬾ɵ˲šһ룬ʵ̫Ϳ׳ϣ뷨հ棬˶ϱǡ
纮˪ִӣ뱾﷨
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һִһľͬʱű̵ľУֶ룬ŵ쳣
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̾˿˵ɳĳԣͼıңΣҵﵱһǷֶȫ壬ңڣĶңﵱŵҵĸӣպӲ龿ֱ𴦷
ⳤ̤ǰǷ幪˵ⳤ㲻˶ϡ֪ҺͿ֮ԭⳤ硣˵ߵ֮ǰⳤ˶ϣִɰ󡣡
һִӵǣǰҪȥİ󸿣Ƿȵ
ⳤʱң̫㲻˶ϣ
Ƿ岻ߵ֮ǰ˵ʮǰŹأγϵ֪ѶϢղݣ˯ҹϻأ֪飬;оƥҲ۵ˣѪҴؾбﲻѶˡйڹĴ£ӢȻ֪飬ؤȴ֪ġִϣγϹ죬
γ飬˵ҲƣѰ⣬д󹦣಻ꡣй߽£Σٴҵڰ治ϣǲܻĹء
γϲȻһЦ˵ִϵĻҲǼȻӳ֮λһйٺͣ׷۾ɹôʲôжɷˡ˶ϡֻÿ죬ϵţѱϡ
γ˫һֱȥץǰķ˶ϡһ͵ھƽָͷ첻ȥǷ岻ȡ
γϲȻɫе㡭
Ƿһ֣һ
γϵˣˣɱͷԭӦãְգǰһ۵һ죬ֻǷ彫Լ硣


20 
ȺؤһУԼͬĶվ
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֮ˣҲΪŵûݱɫѿڽеǰ㲻Ҫ
˫΢УȻݡ
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Ƿ׳ϣ֮Уôһӷ棬⣬ȴӿݣѪϴҲǣ
ǽӲʯĵôһѪϴ֮Ƿֵá
ǷֻҪŷǾͺˡתɳϵɳϵָҵ书ʦ֮ȴʦ֮ʵ˽˵Ķ¡뵱Ϊܻ񣬰ɽڷ綴Уؤİ֣ɳ֮ƣװģԸʹաйڹҺͱĴ£˷ɡ
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˵ǷԼͷ˵ɱͮ·Ԫ˧Үɲ³Ĵͣ˲֪ѵҲ֪ô
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Ƿߵȫǰ˵ȫʲô˵
ȫԷ㣬Ϊ˴εĽɽΪؤٴĻҵϧ˵֮ˣη㽫һɱǡ
ǷƬ̣кβ֮㾡˵
ȫҡͷʱտ˵׻˭Ҳţ㻹ǽɱ˵ĺá
Ƿƣɷл˵α£˵ȴֲ˵ȫ壬Ǻúӣ£˵ȴʲô˼ˣ
ȫкִȡ̣ʹǷɣִȡ˵ȫ˵֪࣬˵뱾ﰲΣйأΣȴֲʵɿңһ⣬ֻǽҼ£֮ɱ㡣Ƿ岢һζʾ֮Ⱦɱ㣬ҲӲҵơȥɣ±ϲԽؤû
ȫǷ±ϲ۹жȻ¶ɱһתһ󷭴׼Լؿڡ
Ƿȫȳŷֱ۾תͷǷ塣
໥ӣһʱ֮䣬иްϢ
ȫǷ壬̩ȻѵԼĲ֪
Ƿ֪ʲô


21 
У¶ǷһĻʵһı뱯ĺ壬һÿÿ˻Ǻ˵ľУꡣ
Թԣջˮģ治ԣ٣˲еĿĶЫ
ֻΪǷ岻࿴һۣ߻еһĻһʹǷѣǱ
ͬʱҲƣɫհȫ壬ðɱԪȫ¶Ƿ
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ȫѡ±ϵĲһֻֻڵ£ۼ⵽ֻʱȻ죬ƥ
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Ƿӹ˿һö衣裬ȡһֽţҪչһƥѱͷг֣ϵĳ˿ѷ£ȵǷ壬贫飬Ǿ£㲻ܿ
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˵һƬྲһҲһ٣˵Ҽȷд֣أ֪¹ش󣬵Ҫȥ飬ҺðͬλϣΪȷ򱨳ˣˣûܼš
˵һʽ˽¶ǷĻǹеĵǽ˵Źʯǰһս
Ź֮һһӤ֮ˣũǹ֮⣬Ƿβ֪
ȴţҲԸţе˵˵ôһƪҡúˣ²ҡҡĵϹ˵
ͻȻ˫һ֣ǹǰһץסؿڡ
쳤ͬУɣǰˡ
Ƿֿ켫ǹһ
ĶӵɽɽɽȥǷץɽԶԶˤץɽˤץ𵥼ɽһ̤סͷ­
еǰл˵ǧ򲻿ɶҵԩ޳Һй˵ĻǷధˡ
쳤Ҳǰǹʦ˾㲻˺
ǷѪӿǷ㵥ԩ޳ǹʦΪˣҲǡǡҪȥҰ֮λҲˣҹ˱ǣԱⷬңҡĳʲô£˿ң
Ƿʱģ鲻곤̾һ֮Ƶ˾أ˱ıԵзⲻζ


22 
ֻǹϵĹ죬֪ں֮䣬֮ֻϵǷһ
ͻȻǮٺЦ˵ЦЦδظһȣҲδر磡ȴӲҪð人ˣʲôζԼĸҲϣԳʲôӺɷ򣿡
Ƿ۾ݺݵʵҲ˵ô
ǮҲֻ֪ŹһսǸʿòģȴһģһһֻܴŵǮɢĵѣǶͷ˵òٸһҲǡǹʦӤҲǮʬ⣬ϳСһˣ޹һ֮ˣ޹һ֮¡ؤƨ£ҸôҪ㣿ϵɱĸĸʲôôǰǮ书ɲԶˣҪҲˣѵɱҲô
Ƿ彫ǹʦ£һɽһӴ˳ȥĵһڵ¡ɽһ㼴վ𣬲δ˿ˡ
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ǹԼ֪ˡ㳤֮ʱɽвҰǡһλµɮ˽ɱǣˣԺÿ书Ҳǣ
ǷǣԭҲ֪
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ǷǡǵԲ˺ɱʲôԵ𡢶Բ֮ԣ
ǹֵŹʯϵģδԼȥɡͷ⣬ҲƫЩֲǡʮϣͽ˺ĻԵϣԼ׿ϽȻǳܼ֮ǴͷˣֻҲװɣ
ֻǹʱ㻹ʮѧȿ죬Ϊ˿ʺ񣬶磬ִ⣬ϲ㡣ٺ࣬Խؤһģǰ֮ˣҲ֪ؤｫİĪʼò⣬֮ʣ⣬һһ쵽Ҫߴ֮Դ򹷰ڡһ̩ɽᣬؤǿоˣʹؤ£ʱԥأΪؤ֪ؤ޵ڶ֮λѡ
ǷͷֻʦңʹҶԱ㵣Σȴԭȴԭʱ߰˳ˡ
ǹ֪֮Ϊֹؤ֮ýԣ˵壬츣񣬴¹ʣؤٵú˽Ǵϲ˵Ȼ˵ļıɱüӢôǰݻĹ˼ɣ֮ǡԭȴ֪ȥ˳ؤǰʲôô˵ų̾˿ϴб֮ɫ
쳤ϵлǹʦ£ʹ侳һšţλͷдģмȰɽλǰǰ㲻ԼһĿ˵ű㽫ŵݽȥ
ǹƣǷԭš˵ŽŽУһ飬˵ȻǴͷּ˵ָ΢һþβ˺ͷһС
Ƿϲλ¸صɮʹһŭĳѨʱһβѱʺǷһƣĿѨŭ㡭ʲô
ǹ΢΢һЦ˵ǰ֪ԼҪɱ֮Ȼǲ˵ˡλͷȴԸ֪ĵãһĸԸһеҪɱҪУ㾡ֱǡ
Ƿ˵Ǽ٣˿δסҪɱ㣬Ҳæһʱ˵Ǯһۡ
Ǯʼͷƺں˵ҲڣҪһݣ㼸ʱϲʱֱˡ
̷ǰ˼ɲҪ²źá˺֮ԭΪСǮУʱȴ
ǷЦһ飬Ż⿴ţ֮󣬴


23 жΰ
쳤ϵֵݹһż˵飬㵱ϵóıʼ
Ƿ˹ֻżдؤϡִϡϣǷѺ֮ߣȫＴкɱ¶д̣޲ɣйͨױʡ
ˣǷ֮գֶߣȥĿܡ
һʹǷһڳ˰ţʱʼƣȫȫ壬֪ᣬԷңҲǣ
ȫ
ǷʣɳĴԶɱңҲΪˣ
ȫֻǽŽɣò⣬µͷη
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ȫǣˣˡԷ档ֽ֪ס֮£վ֪šִϱ֪
һʱһƬţΨŸ˳صĺ֮
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˵ָؤڵķѣʹǷЩĻ䣬˵ĳýԼδȷ֪ǰָ֤ĳ뵱ࡣؤְݣԵλ͡
˵ֵҿһֻ֮УһӨ̵̳ؤ򹷰˫ֳˣ߸߾˵˰ڣĳִؤ޽޴λһλӢԸ縺ְܴ˰
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һŮӵ˵˭ɱ˱ֵأ˵ˡ
Ƿɱߵкֵܣʹޡ
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˵µﳤȥˡ
ȺȻ֮ʣű˴ߣ
ؤȫִ֣

úһ죬һǷ巴ֽ򹷰Ͷ
쳤ȥӣָõͻֱֱۡȫ׵һæ֣һྡྷ˥ֱͦͦĲڵС
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Ҳȥܶ˵飬ķǷ֮ʱûгΪΪһǷҪܵģչҪµġ
˵һЩҲԸǷ˵
Ƿһߣ鵱쳤ЦֻƵĵϷϷʵһϷҿˡ
˵ʲô
˵˵
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ؤڣȺ鼤ܣһߵģ𣬼ϣŭĿӡ


24 ²
һؤ֮ڵķŭȴ治ɫأЦôؤû˰練ԵˣĪǣܹܵסѪһ𡣡
ʱͷؤĶЩ⣬ֺ֮ɫ૵ʲô
쳤һ֣ǿѹҪ˵Щʲôϴ
Ҫ˵ʲô
鳶ǣһЦЦı飬˵ؤ֮£ƨ£ҴǷܹؤֻĵһءɣЩȴ²졣
ȷʵ²죬еһĻ飬ͷβеƣǵؤҲҪеһ˵
ȻҲ鲢Ǵ֮ˣƨ˵ģŸˣ˱ˣҪһ£ҪҪؤ
鼥ƵĵҴǷݣ٣֮УҾı˽ġ
γʵı˽ģʲô˼
Ŀ⣬ؤһڳϵһһɨɨȫ塢̷̷ŵˣ˽ĺԣһЩ˿ǷӰλʺԪõͨǷţǷжΰ֮λһЩΪȨԸǰĶؤӣռ֤ݣ¶Ƿ
նһλһըֵϿգؤھò˼֮£δûоô֮ˡ
ʹһЩ԰ôû뵽һݺ磬ⶼó
Ů¶֮ɫԻΪ档
ţŭŭ˵˵̹̹дС˼
һ鵭ĵû˽ģԼ֪αضԺ
תֱӿĵصΪºȫͰΪ޷𣿡
Ȼת˵һˣȴЫĳҲɱ㣬֮󱨣֮Զ
£ʧɫϵûУûС
תȫȵȫؤԼ֮£˲֣ؤµһѵҪδ˱ô
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顰ǺǡһЦ̵Ҫô˵Ļ۸㵱̷ˡ
˻һȫɫ䣬ȴܲ˵ĵȫ壬ҽҲɱ㣬ؤպһвˬȡ㹷
Ϊֹ黹ûɱˣȫ˵Ļ治ɱ֡
ȫ书˲˵ѷؤﳤϣΪʹȫǵʵɷӳսδʮ֮塣
Բǽղʱ಻߳֡
ȫгǸܣʱҲɴŭˡ
Цںĵߣһԡ
Уؤĸֲ٣ֶ࣬һڣһ᲻Ƕ֣ߵ׼
鲻ںʲôӣ򲻹ܣǶඪ˵£˵һֱ֮ؤڣʹĶӣҲᶪˡ
㡭
ȫһ´Ϊεľء
ʱ˵乫ӣ㾿ΪΣո˵ֻǸ˵ܶ϶ѣ
˭˵Ҹո˵µ࣬ݴµĸҪֻ˵ʣһ
׳Ϲ˽Ѿõģȴ룬治Լ˲ʲ֮£ҳϣֵܵݣ֣ͦΪؤִϣΪˡ
Ŀ⾼ĶŰչգؽ֮¡
ؤִϣ裬ˣ¡
̣̲ȥˣ߶
δϣһĵؤؤԼڻɽ棬ԼԭĶٺٺ٣ЦЦ
̶ҧֲ׼ƴͷƱ
ֶ潯ʹ·ֶ淽ͬӴ˵쳤ϣԼᣬͷѰ
ЦҽҸˣģһῴؤһ˥ȥġ
һƷõˣҪϿ쳷ˣǣһƷõıʮ߼Ҳûа취
ܣһˣǧġ
ңңһ֣鲻ͣⱼȥ


25 ع
貨΢һչϹһӰһ㣬ⱼȥȫĿһ̤ǰһ飬Ծͣ˽Ų
һ¶һṦؤһ֪ո֮ԣеģǾǺ
硭ء
뿪Ҫȥ׷ߵͷ̣Ƕвᣬһδܿ
ȥ֮ʱ۹·˷ѽŽ죬ִ֣ììͷϸС죬ġ֣֮ɼ
ߣ°ɣ
ͻȻһò̬׶֮ˣ׷
ͷ˳࣬ˣЦ㲻׷ˣṦУ׷ϵġ
֮䣬ѾϺһξˣʱһݳ֮ԾеĪҪԲˣȥ׷
ϺŭģҶ˵ˣ϶϶
к׵Ṧǵýر޵ģãк׼׷˫ľ롣
׷飬ҧɽɵļƣֱ׷кײŽ顣
к׵Ծһ㣬ֵĸצǰ̽ķĶߡ
貨΢к׵Ṧ˵ףΪ㣬貨΢⣬ͬ
еһʱ䣬׾޵Уһ㲻ͨǶʱڿ԰쵽ġ
о˶ĺ貨΢һȡǰһ״̬һתΪһ
ͬʱˣһа׺գк״ȥһĨĽ⣬һ
֮ǰףһνʮͻأкһ֮£æܿһ
кףаɡ
̤貨΢֮˳ʩչ
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а̾Ϣһ̤貨΢һܿк׵һצ
һߣǴӵͽһǿʹ磬ڤ񹦣õ˲ѷǷǿɣȴԷӡ
ľѧȴԷӳʱʱ飬޷Ƕƿ硣
ʱҲʧأ˵ƿ磬ȴҲܡ
ңֻܹʩչѧãΪ棬еԶ
кףӲˣڡ
к׺һΣ䵭ʧк׵ǰ
ô£ˣ
һµɵʧĵطкŵĵɣӦòҵ߶׽Ṧڰɡ

ռ䣬Σ･֣ʮ㱦ĵʮ㣬ֶ
񣬻ӭ
һصռ䣬һеĶԡ
еκθӣȴоůǰǸյľ޴Բ򣬸лСллˣ˲вҵá
ã־ұҪǡ
ʵһʼƻ˲еʱ䣬ֻʮ죬ѧᱱڤ񹦺貨΢㡣
ʱӵ£ҪĿģҪһǷ塣
еǣϲľǷ壬һΣǷһ棬ź
¹һ仰ƽʶ½ϣݳӢҲȻȴãǷ壬ǡ
ң˲жͣһʱ䣬ǺΪģǷ塢ΪֵܣΪպѧϰʮƺ񽣴˻
һ磬Ҫˣռתʽˡ
һᵭĵ
ռתʽζÿѪ࣬˲ɣû
һȴѸеѪڵĵСѾ׼ˣʼɡ
ãһνλߣ֪ʲôɸѡ׼
ʵ
ĿǰޣȫķΧѡߣǶˣֻһֽС
ʵϣǷֻΪ˶
֮ڣͱ򺭸֮⡢˻֮ڣڰ˻֮⣬ǽ


26 ѡ
Ϊĵ׶ȷʵζųȫǸ¥ãĹ·ͽֵҲưܵĳд塣
ĵط߻һдڣﻷȻȽϲȴҲˣЩõطԳеġ
⴦д壬ǻֳеıպֻԸǵ
ѡߵ׼ȣҪ־ᶨϲðߣΣ䡢ԸȣҲһı׼
ӵпȳͼ㣬ԷǵģôԼķչʵĻָԼĳɳ
Ҳῼ뷨ûжɸѡ׼
С񰡣ѡ֮УһҪѡһЩģҼıʵе״
Ҫ
Ľ飬֮УԼ磬ԼϵͳΪϵͳ̵ɽ׵ƽ̨
Ӧõġ
Ȼ󣬱ѡˣյԲ֮ϣһĻԳһһС㡣
Щʾһ˵ǿȣԽ֤Ǹ˵Խǿ
ܵ
ɻʵСǲԽǿǸ˾ͻԽǿ־ᶨΣ֮ʱ侲
һˣҲȻǿ󣬿һԣḻ
ǿ󣬲һ˾Եǿ󣬵ʱϾҪһЩԣѡЩˡ
Ļһ֮£ЩСĹ㣬ȫųˣֻʣһٸĹ㡣
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һٸ㣬Ʋ࣬ѡȻеΣԣѡ
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ӦˣĻһȥ˾ʮ㣬ֻʣʮʮҫۡ
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һʮ֮Уһţ
ָǸ㣬˲һ˵Ӱ񣬳С
һĸߴ׳꣬ӲʣĿɱһüë֮£һ˺ۡ
һˣĸоǣ˹ȻӲʣϴ཭֮ɱڵӡ
һ˵ϣμӹֲӣ֮˰ɣһÿڣҲܴһˡ
üһСǻѡһˣռ֮Уһò
аֵ㿪һŹ㡣
ʮ㣬ֱ˽һ£ӡģ֮⣬Զͷ
Զһز˾Ĵϰ壬˾ĹģСʲڣʹھ֮УҲǲСĹ˾
Զ̨ˣ΢ĩһģνΪ˳ɹֶΣڵͰ׵漰ˡ
֮ԶԶӡ̣вMoney鲻룬ԼǷһ
һŮӣһ˾ϰ壬˾ģ䲻Զķز˾ȴҲǧʲ
ڵ׼ͥСĸΪ˼ǿԸ񣬶ѧʱ򣬱㿪ʼҵ
һŮӣսһ̳д˾һеļ֪֮
߸ˣҲһЩ˽⣬ڸԵ򣬶һЩɼᾫӢһġ
ܲСһȥɣٴι֮ʱǿһ֮ʱ
˽֮
õġ
һâ֮УΣʧռ֮ڡ

СĳڣƾɵĴϣ˾ϲ֮⣬뵽ռеһУ˷ܲѡ
޲ð쳤ХйԼ˷֮飬վȽϲֻת˼Ȧ㽫е˷֮ѹˡ
һͨˣͻȻڱˣԴϣǻϲ񣬸οռҪ̫ࡣ
ˣӦȥѹˡ

ռʱٿȱȽϴһ²Ŵ൱һ죬ͶӰռ֮ʱĿȸһ죬Եһá
黹ǾǵרͶ뵽ռȥʵΪһҪ
ʵе⣬鲻̫ģһԴռĽ֮лȡֲôݳ޵ʳǼɡ
˵ԼĹ黹ǱȽƵģѧѧǼ˭룬ҵ֮󣬱Է˼ı仯»̫ˣֻȥѵ˾ѧ˼¡
ӵļ£ûѧٶѧȴ٣Ǵķʽõģ¹֮ÿҪһǧٴһֱһꡣ
ʱͲߣǵˮƽָߣÿٻһǧ壬һΣ֪


27 ְ
ǵľãȻʮַٵģ˵λӻĵһڵһǺʵġ
ھ֮Уҵ԰ͿƼ԰Ǻܶģÿмҵ԰߿Ƽ԰
鹤ĵطھǵĳƼ԰棬ĵطסĵطеԶҪСʱγ
Ƽ԰뻥صҵڵǸ˾һС˾ҵġ
֮УҵС˾кܶ࣬ջ˵͹ŵˣõǣڵĹ˾ھҵ֮УѾʮꡣ
˾ϰʱǾŵ㣬ĥĥ𴲣ϵ˾ʱѾʮˡ
Сôôҹ㣬˾ȥ칫ңðѵ׼ɡ
һ빫˾鵱ӭС
빫˾֮ʱη飬յ¹˾ʱԣʦ
˵ĹϵദĻ鵹ҲԣǽֺõĻϵġ
֮ʱоʵĲпᣬʹǰߣҲòʵԹ˾һЩˣҪһ㡣
֪ˣл硣
ͷһЦĵ
лתļᶨηɵİ칫ȥ鿴ıӰʮּᶨ
֣Сһˡ
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βˣ϶ҪϹֵˡ
һģƽʱʮӣϹ־ҪˣһΣһСʱϡ
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ǣҿƺӣһַˮ׳ʿһȥⲻ̬
Ҫҿе㲻㲻ԴΣʹϹһٵġ
ıӰ˾Ĳ˾Щ֣ձΪҪùˣ֮УͬģҲֻġ
飡
ηɵİ칫֮⣬ָݺݵûţһƵڴһ
ǰηɵİ칫ţǺ״̬ûû죬ʲôһ

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ƿţ˽ȥ칫һˣһţһվţŵˣҹ˾ľˣ󸹱һˡ
վŵһˣһʮŮӣޣηɵ֮Ĺϵ˾֪ˡ
ηɵǰһѣĿ⣬ɨηɵǣˮɨָ⣬ָѾһ顣
ȥɣҪ̸һЩ顣
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ǡ
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˾˼ţĴţ߹˾ĹǸɣԱηѵ˵ʱ򣬶ҪװװӣϹֲݵġ
һߴηһڴµı飬Լ̬ȴ㵵ĿһĵȻ֮ϣųЦ⣬Ŀڿɵһ
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ηĭһſڣĵ
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ηһԼĶ䣬ٴȷϵʲô
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㡭㾹ҽұ죬Ϲ֣㡭㲻˰ɡ
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⣬ھ͵Ĺ˾ְԱʱҲɵˣԭΪᰤ룬Ȼηɶ
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ӵĴְţҵĹʽˣӻҪ¡
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η֮Կڹ˾˭˭޷ŸλְԱǰ;һְηɿɾκβˡ
һתηһ̧ͷЦ鰡˾ҵ̫ã㿴ְģ𣬲̫ŪҺΪѡ
ηһ飬Լģһж˵Ļͽʿˡ
һԣ鵱ηɵ˼ǰҪ˼һòòȡǿӲֶΣ𡭡
˫ŭɣ׹ðǰһ֣ηɵĲӣ
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ݺݵηɺȵ
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ηɻ˵壬һѽ֮£ˤ˵ϣ۵ġϡһȴҴ󺰴УĿ⣬½ӡ
ηиоѾǰˣƱһˣǰųһɨգһ֮ͽ
Ǯ
ȵ
ǣǣǮǮ
ηɻæӰ칫ĳȡǮһȫ飬˵Ǯ㣬㡣
һѽӹԼĹʣʣµһ֣ϣֻҪԼӦõģһҲá
ҹ˾֮߳ʱһλλͬ¾ȡȻĿ⣬λվ𣬺һµӣգûпһ


 齣¼
Ѫȵọ́Ÿոտʼ


28 ռӡ
ְ֮һĸоٲװСٲսսʱ̵Ϲ鷳
صԼҵĳݣȥһٴͣȻúϢһϣڶһȥռ䡣
˲еľ飬黹һδĸоʱޣȥ
ռķչϣԱҪģߴӿĽŲ
ΧͬͶӰռ䣬ԸṩǰȴĴҪ
ռɵԽ࣬ͶӰռٶȱؽԽ죬ʵָҲؽ죬ᳬ۷֮ʱ
عռ֮ʱԼʮ㱦֮ڣһƱķ֮ڡ
С𣿡
̽һ䡣
ڡ
һӦһССĹͻأǰ
ָǰⶰӣʵڿռס𣿡
ǵģǶһš

Ĺ֮УߵסⲿԿƺСڲȴռ֮ʹһӵһС磬Ҳǲɡ
֪֮ȴ㣬һռ䣬󣬹ʶֻˡ
񴴽ǣΪ˶ȥ֮⣬ͱṩߵס
Ŀǰռ֮УֻһˣסȻǶһţȻƻӣ˿ע⡣
֪ٿռΪס뷨ʵֲˣȼٴԸ֮󣬶ԼռеסȤѾˡ
ֻһʱ֮أһֱû⣬ʱһɨ֮£пɡ
ҪΪ¿ռӡˣòô󣬵߿쳣
͵
õġ
ͬˡ
ռӡǣڱʽʵһֱȻ̬ǿԸıģɽָ̥֮ġ
ֻеһα仯֮ʱѵģԺ仯Ҫ㣬鶼ġ
ռӡ൱һͶӰڸ߷񡢽㽱и˵Եá
ЩãôȻĺı壬Ժ֮Уֻǣͱн֮ʱҲܻ
⣬ϲǣռӡǴһռ䣬Ȼֻ̫һ׵ӣѾˡ
һй׼֮һâ˸֮УΣʧռ֮Уٴγ֮ʱһܱյķ֮ڡ

Ϊһʲڵķز˾ϰ壬Զ˵ȴҲˣ֮ʮַæ
˵˾ֹģƽĹԶΪ΢һƬ²ף±˿
һգϾԶСһٴȴԼȻڰ칫ˣһСķڡ
ԲͲ״СֻʮƽףܸߣݣûһȴҲûš
ܵһ䣬һҲͨ͸ʮƲǣʵϣˣԶһҲúѡ
Сķ֮ڣȴ˲ˣԶһɨĬԼһʮһˡ
ʮһˣŮԶĿ⣬ɨŮ֮ʱ΢΢һ٣е֮һ
ȻԶһӢ꣬ĿϲϴƸоԶĿ⣬࿴˹
Զ֮һۿ꣬ΪԵ̫侲һ¶ҵȺУôۡ
꣬ʣ飬͵Զ֮ʱҲһһ۲졣
ʮ˵ϣѾ˽ˣȴϾˣΣֻԽӴ֪
֮ڣЩأһֳƺͿֻŵķΧڷ˵ֻصĺ
Ǹ֪֪ô
Ƶգܿͱˣһƶʮͷ߳ɦɦԴЩɬĵ
һԺУֳĴϣΪܣʿǴѧĸ߲
ǴѧͻĴѧǻѧϵǰʮ֮С
ܿԳΪǴѧĸ߲̿϶ǼߵģǱֳôɬһԻء
ô֪ģںֵǺȾƣĪģ˭˭ݺӡ
һֵ׳ִֻı۰һ˫׳ؼҵĶʮ㡣
׳־ľų˻죬ҲСӵĵˣĺڵࡣ


29 
ݺǣ߿ЦʲôģҼǵãϢʱ򣬲Ÿո˯ȥĪ
һװҸ¼Źİˣǰ߳һֶһ¼۾ϵ۾侲ĵ
װ꣬ɲ򵥣оγǹִصһԱһЩλĹԱ
ӴİˣĪҲĶ࣬һ˵أγֻǿʼһ˲һ£Ѹ
˵⾿ô£
һ߳γʵ
һһҽھһҴҽԺְᾫӢһġ
ʵѡʮߣһЩ飬ܹ䲻Ī֮£󺰴еġ
֪Ϣ̫٣жϡ
γҡͷܹ֮ˣȻ򵥡
Լã
һź۾Ƭɻʵ
۾Ƭ죬һ¥רշᰮС˵
γĿ⣬ɨڳ֮ˣʮһˣӦڲͬĵط֮ǰͬ飬Ǿ۵һСˣΰõ
㡭ʲôҪ
γڷ֮ʱһֵļУͻȻը
֮УγٻһЩְҵŷ֮ʱȴ˴ˣȻвˬ
ŲˬĿ⿴ȥֵ׳ŮӱƹȥһСŮ֣ɤӼС
֮ڣֻŮӣ඼ΪǰʮҵŮֻǷͬ
ƹһҲСĹ˾ΪһŮǿˣӲʣŮǿ˵ķɺͼǿ
־ŵļеСŮй˼꣬һĸЩݺ͵λģҲǹѧУ
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ΪִصһԱγʮ㣬ܿվȴܲܡ
͹˼ò־Ļ̬ţѹֲסеǿϡ
ֻǣ־עܵóѣγֹһ壬תͷγݺݵصôֹң
ȻҪֹһҽŤȥ֡
γ˿壬һĵ

־ߣӣڵγȥ
־Ҫ˵̬ڳ֮ˣ˷Ӧһд뿴ֵģҲֲޡֵġ
ɨǰѩ˪˼룬˵У棬ҪϹ֮ˣռ˴ġ
񷽿ܡһѪ꣬侭ʵĴĥеѪȴȫţһЩ
ȻȴֲվʱĿ΢΢һ֮£վ˳
һ䣬ʮһˣӣŮӣȻȻģŮӻø׽һЩվһ
Ŀһһɨܡһ졢Զ飬ĵЩӣѵûһ𣬼Ů۸Ųʣ
һװӢɷˬ˲Ҫ̾һ䣬һλӢ۰
ǡŮǿ˵Ůӣһ˵ɱνСܡһվ˾γ
ͣ£ǰߡ
ﲻΪĵطʵһ㡣
ĸˣ㿴Űɡ
ܡһҲ֣־һ£Ӧ˲ŭ˫ȭʹһ֮£һžһ
һȭͷ־һЦߣߣӵһѵԽʮ˸ϳһ֣ĸˣң̫ˡ
һˣ־˿壬һȭžγȥһһƺӲ
־ΪǶͨˣƾԼĴܾ飬һģһԿ벻ǣ˶ͨ
γִصˣͻһЩø񶷣ܻ־Ҳò϶١
ᰮС˵С˵ȻѧϰһʱܶһЩӣ廹Ҫͨǿ׳һЩ
տһúӣٴܣȴͷԴ֪ɣһ£ܲܡ
ڴԿģӦһˣһţͱ־߷ڵˣ
γտ˴ս־ȭŷ֮£Ҳû·磬˫ʤ㰤һȭҰһš
ôһһƬңҪϹ۵ˣ˽ȥĪһȭ֪Ǳ˭ġ


30 
֪ģ⣬˻ս˶ܵ˲ԶĪһȭҲϮһ¡
ҲмȭţϮģֻŲ΢΢һ̤΢΢һΣѱܿеĹ
Ƿ͹˼ŮûܵȻҲռ˷һЩϵ
ס֡
Ҫˡ
Զ˷ŭֱֹ֣˵Ļս
Ϊаеһ֮ƣֱĴ֪
ԶǴϰ壬ֵµİʽһЩʱҲڵϻģʱܻС
һʮ֮ƣǿӲķֿսˣ־ĵĻҪˣȴ·ŷˡ
־ȻУȴϾҰ·ӣ·һЩΪС
𣿡
ס־ĸ첲ڵϣʵ
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ʶԷʵԶԶԼ־ò
ſ֮־еηĿԽԽϤԽԽˡ
Ȼһ£־뵽ʲôָȻĵ㡭࡭
š
֪־ϳԼһȥ֮ʱ˼ԡ
һСģǹֵ֮УҲ񣬴ʱĻòҪ¶ԼΪá
һľ棬־һæտڲԣҪ˵Ļȥ
֪ݣ־ɲٷˣڽϣ־е˵ҲǴ缶ĺڵȣһġ
֪ǲй¶ݣ־úܣæƨƨߵĴȥЦ磬ôҲˣǲʲô顣
ɨ־һۣĵҲǵϵģʶң
ǣǣڵϵ׹Ҽһ档
־Դŵĵ
ͷĿ⻺ɨˣĪĳط൱ڱǲԴУ취ȥ

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Ļõ˴ҵһͬ׷׳Ը͡
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С˵ռ䣿ʲô˼
γȻһͷˮ
ڳ֮ˣе羭γһһãȻ޴ӣеȴ˼˼ʲô
һֿ˵Ŀ⿴γ㾹ȻûпС˵Ҳ̫OUT˰ɣû£Ҹǽ
еΪʦİãС˵ʼصһһ֪Լ֪Ļӡ֤֪æȥ
֮󣬾γȷӦǲţɵⲻܣôռڣΥ˿ѧԭ
ͬôܻռڡ
Զ෢ԼĿ
Įı˿䣬̧ԼָۣϵһĵǿԼɣǲǶһֱռĿռӡǣǿŲһ¡
ѣŷ֣Ե֮ϣĪһֱǿֱʮ־£ʲôϵǿ̫ࡣ
ռӡǣǿصģǿԳвٿء
Ϊ˽⣬ʾ



ʾһε𣬲಻ţ᳢һ¡
һ֮£ȻЧһĻдŸ˵ԣûֻ֣к룬һŵʮһš
Է棬ǷֳԣԾȷֱֳֻʾߵǰ´ڵĽ׶Ρ
̶ߵΣɴһĿȻķʽȷΪһ׵Žף飬Ŀǰһߡ
Զͷʮˣʲôᣬߣˡ


31 ׯ
ĿǰռӡϵĹܣûô࣬ϵͳ۵ƷǿյģҪλȥ䡣
ռӡǸĴռ䣬ʾ֮£˸Դ֮󣬸Ǿ޴ľϲ졣
˵ռ֮ڣţȴţ߰Űɡ
ռֻڴ˵е֮ʱɲǲˣν֤֮ɽ
ģ̫ˣҽΪһ
֮Ļǻϲͬϲ˵ֱȲҪͶӰռӡ
һ¿ռӡǣüԼռ˵߰˷֡
ֵܣռô˽⣬֪Ǻݣ
ʵ
һʣʳ룬ȫ飬Ŀ֮Уɻͻɡ
һߣˣǵĽߡ
γʵߣʲô˼
鵭ĵǴǾһ磬֮УǱҪҵİţ򣬱Ҳǵ
ˣӦѾ׼ˣǿʼһɡ
ϵĻ֮һ䣬ָ㵽˿ռӡ֮ϣһе֮£ݶ֮ϣһƬâ¡
ȷ͡

һͷĿѣ֮£ΣĿĹ֮£һСӱߣӰֲȴͺͺأһҶҲûˡ
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һ棬һȣոջһܱյķ֮ڣת֮䣬
һһʣ˷׷׽ĿͶ飬ȴĽ
ָָϵĿռӡǣǿԼĿռӡǣбܡ
עռӡǣһ֣ǰ
Ǭ¡䣬컨Ծ߾ٷ帴ģ͢ʹýӿ
Ǭ¡ʮ꣬ׯڣ͢ӥȮ̩
1ɱʮɽ1000ʧܿ۳1000
2Ԯ̩ѡɽ2000ʧܲ۳㡣
⣬齣¼𣿡
־ϲ
ɨһۣͷ齣¼磬ׯ̩һΡ
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ͷȷеػش
ʵǽϵʮ岿С˵̫ڳˣʹûȫͨҲٻнӴ齣¼ڽϵС˵лȽ
ĵȻڽľ鷢չӦûһµӡǶûѰˣԣĻҵָӡ
һһˮܵͨ͸ʹ²죬ҲʶǳԷˮô򵥵ģܻˡ
ʶԣ˵ɫض£ĿƵ˼
ׯӣӦþׯǹȥɣ뵽֮С
ָǰׯӣ˵
Ļ˶ûһׯȥһǰУһ߻ͨš
֮˵ţԴڴҶ֣ȡǴţԳΪ
ׯ֮⣬һ£ׯеﱤ¥ţ
ׯŴ󿪣˿أһüȵѾʼˣȽȥǸϡ
˴æУ²µ鷢չһҪһЩ򣬻ź
һׯڣֻһȣӢۺúô
һ֮£貨΢ȫʩչһһӣöһСȥ
һ֮£ǿۼХСԴ»ʱѪĽ
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̼ǵãʱΪϧӢֻһСӣ£ȴҲó˶ˡ
˵ӢܰӢۺúĪӢĽ⣬˷ǶӣڽȺɥ
˵ڽƮܲɣֽӶ֮£ѲԽ͵ģҪӢ޷
Ųһ̤һӰһ֮£Ӣܵǰӭöһöǽڣһöֱ
ֱˣ鲻ҵ֣һǰץȽץС
֮УԱڤ񹦼ȡɹ͸ıڤҲ衣
ȫֻ֣оĻۣɻһΡ


32 һ
УʶǷǿᣬΪԼ䲻Ƿ壬³Ÿлûġ
ңṦ棬ԾǷ̫࣬뱼ϮǷ壬̾ȴ֮ࡣ
ĵΪ齣֮УԼô˵ҲǶ֣Ӣһö뷨Ȼˡ
齣УӢĹһˮƽǿˣкܶ࣬ءԬʿַȡ
óص
һ૵
еӢׯȥСӣԼĶӣ²ǽ֮Ϊɡ
֮ʱӢһ벻ʲôʱһ֡
öӢ߶ΣʮԷĽ£ֻһΣʵ֮ǿӢ硣
ӢаɣԼǲǾòڽڽϵ飬Ѿ֪ˡ
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һö򵽶ϣΣӢֱæǰһ̨лˣл֣ҶӣӢм
΢΢һЦĵׯˣҶ죬ʹСʲôطˣҲɱ֣˾ٹˡ
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ӢӦ
ͷ֪ܸģĪɣׯСӵĽҪģϣԺõķһЩ
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һ˫ȭͷһ䵽Ӣϣܴ̱߿ޱߴӢûıܴõľͲȭͷǵˡ
Ӣҡҡͷ˵ҡҲǡҲģԲ𡣡
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ֽ񣬽ȽϷ񣬳ͷҲȽأһˣԵõһǧ㣬һˣҪȥ١
ԣҪ֤ʮ˵Ĵ˵Ļ׸ˡ

ҹĻ΢ǹ⣬£ׯһƬɵĹâ֮¡
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׼һ£Ҫ
˵
׼ǳˣΨһźǣûһֵı£ӦûҪȶȡһ
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жŮٵԭ򣬻İԵʣ̶ʱ֮ڣ͹˼ŮӣϵѾܺˡ
˹˼һۣ鵭ĵûп齣¼𣿡
ˣɣʲôϵ𣿡
˼תת飬ЩԺĵ
廰ѽС꣬ϣׯ֮ڣᷢҪľ飬Ѫһһš
ǼȻѾ֪ˣǾ߰ɡ
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ڵҹһܴĿ飬ǣӦһ£ſǿ
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һߣƹȣеƻԻͣ˴˵к֮죬һ߼ӿŲһ߰Ѿʼˡ


33 ɱ
ʮһǣ֮⣬ҳһţŮͦݶӢУס֣һָָ㣬ֹ۶
֪Ůӣ粣Թ۵ˣӦͯףΪ͢ӥȮ
ӢȰסܣҪѺƴ˸һ۹ֽУһźӰֱ˽
˰һ̱˼ֱֱ粴ȥ転Ͳɵ
Ǹģֵӣ˺컨ʮ½һ粣ȴ׷ȥ
էˣ˵Ǹģֻеһʮ磡̲ס
½ʵĸأ
ָӢͯ׺˽еĸǺˣʮұ𡣡
½һУĸ磬ĸ磬Ҹ㱨𣡡ֻŵӢ̾ȥ
Ӣӣȵ֣
½ߣɷ˵Ӱִ
ʱϽۺͰյѶϽ粺½ȥ
½ӰסУ߸סɩٲҿҪ
컨ߵΪ꣬½ȣæȥߡ
һϲָͯ׺˵Ǻĸ硭
ͯ˱ɽۻݹֵͯ׺æٵס
Զ齣¼ȴѾģˣвȴ룬֮󣬼һս֮
һڸֵĽ棬ԶĿѣ֮Уʵ֣棬Ǹô죬ҪҪ֣
ҡͷȿ
һָǰ֣˿Ѫڣ졢ܺ־ԼмＸǺĸçײȥ
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湦֣ܽͷԲʮѷʤԽսԽҡ
½һԽԽ͡
ͯ׺վԶԶģָв岻һûһĺ˵ֻһɵõͦ׷ȥ
ͯ׺Ƚ㣬ڴת˵ôףɷԹԵĸļͯү
ңͯ׺仰ֻ̩ǰһڣ˹ȥͯ׺ͼ
Ӣһϳ壬𱳴󵶣Ҳȥֻһ˴ȣɩҸƴˣ
һִ˫·һʺһǰһɾ磬ֱӢ˵
Ӣٵһ˺һ˵˭ͨ
ĿӢǺ컨еھŵġӡڽ֮ϣҲǴġ
𣬸ʱֽ˿æϣԧ˫ߡ
֮ʱҲˣ貨΢һչͯ׺ͱȥͯ׺ֻǰһѾǰ
ͯ׺һ֮£ֵһתĲ棬һץס
һͯ׺͵ȫӣ֮䣬ʧȥеĸֵ
ֵ֣˳һӣһһĨѪէ֣ͯ׺͵ͷ­¡
ǰ鲢ûɱˣ˴γ֣һ㲻ԥһɱ˿ħƵġ
ͯ׺ͱһ̣ϣһһķӣһѽ֮
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֪Լжɱ˵һ죬ңͶӰռеˣѪˣɱҲɱˣûʲôġ
˳ֵ׼ɣĵ¼Ѫ黹һ˲ĲӦŻ
һնɱͯ׺ͣһһ֮£ŵѪĸֵص˴һǡ
Ѫ£ʮ֮У糣ģֻ;γˣԶһ־ǿ򶨣ֻɫ΢䣻ܡ졢˼꣬ɫ䣬ŻֱŻ³ˡ
ĪĶ־ǿŲŻ³ȴҲƬ̣Ÿо΢һЩ
𾪵Ŀ⣬ͯ׺͵صʬеѪĸֵתͫ΢΢Ŵ󣬺Ȼ䡭磬㣬ɱ˰
ʲôҵģȻ׼
ĮȻĵԵʮӡ
ڻɱͯ׺ͣͿ˲ˬ֮⣬Ҳи졢һǴԤ˼ǼһѪӦһ½ѪȣӦһռѪȡ
˼һߣĹעתɱ񣬹Ȼʮ֮һ


34 컨Ⱥ
ɱ񣬶϶ʵǱȽϿģ͢ʿ߳͢ӥȮķ롣
ͯ׺ǽֻͶ͢Ҳ֮У֮ɱһ
Ӵռó˻ɱͯ׺֮󣬵Ǹӣ˵棬֮򿪡
һ˿Ц⣬óһ۾һ֮£˫һģ鼮һ߹âûڡ
һϵеĶУ¶һ˿²⣬ʵ磬ɱǲǻϷɱֵһ
쵹֪ô⻰ʱʮֵ΢ʹڸԶǣϸȥͬ
֮Уڴսָ֣ȻĿɣڴֻҳ֮£ҪĻܵġ
ͷ͵Ĺ۲ϸҲḻĲ²ǶԵģ֮Уɱ䱦䡣
˫۷ϲˣҾ֪Ҳµû
һֱһעķʱĿһ䣬磬һ棬֪ʲʣ
Ŀеľ֮ɫէŶգʰɡ
òͼһŮʿװ֮ʱŮǿ˵ķ緶齣¼磬ŸıΪ˹ʱŮľװнӢ۵ķ
Ӣˬ̬۾һʶȽϣ֮Ҫʤһ֡
Ц磬ոӱóǱ飬֪Ǻ
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һ˵ѧؼ˵۾ˣĽʺ޵Ŀ⣬ͶעϣаģһҲҪŪѧؼ
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һڵ̸֮ʱ֮Уڼ컨ڰ˵ġЭɱ˽
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Ӣ𵶿ɵô󺧣æã֪⣬Уֺ׽̩̩ɱģ͢͵Ķӣ뺦Ҷ𣿡ݣҪׯͺ컨ᶷܾˡ
컨ȺۼӢ㶼һ֣ͣôһУֲڼ֮ʣﻹϸǷֱ
½۴УӢȥӢŭţпѱ磬ֻûӵס


35 ¼
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ͯ׺͵Ĺ䲻ߣܳСһģӢ֣Ҳ֮ڣ֮ɱ
չ¶ǿְڳϹ۵ļƣеӵģǡ
Ӣں컨Խ࣬Խ֮£鿴һۣۺڴϣͷ˫һ¡
һߣЩסˣǰĻս֣ĪǣҪһֱԹ𣬱㲻֣
鵭ĵвʱ򣬺컨ˣû롣ңʹһ֣ҲﲻæģɶǸ֡

꾫ϸףʲźӢƴε飬бб飬ʮܲΣ
½ɱȫûĸӢȥӢܹ뱳Эֱбҵ
Э½ͽĸǺ컨ġʿˡӢսˣ֧ĸҷ˴󵶣ֱڴϡ
Ͻۡռʦ֣һͬСɣ˫˫ǰȣֻӶ˫ס
Ӣ֣ǰʩչֶСǿЭĸֱޡ
ֽУЭȻ󣬾Ӣտиֱ޾ȻҪӲȥ
Ӣֱδᵽ½ͽĸıҶʹΣ쳣Ͻһ֮£һ鵯м֦ȫ𣬴еʱһƬڣֲָ
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磬һһ֧ѡһűһվѸ߾٣ҫֽˡ
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ʱѴηһͿӢУģ
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λӢһλϽۡա粡
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36 ǹལ
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ӢҪôôȥԺǧˡһᣬ˵ͷ


37 ͷ
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ԣ¼δü˵Щʲô½ȻŭʲôƨĸǱҵСӳģζܲ˵ġ


38 ս
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39 ѹȺ
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ܻĵζǿҲҪʲôʩչУǿ
һڤ˲֮Уǿ齣УȴԲ
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40 Թ
컨Ⱥһ֣飬˹ȥ½һȳƺ·
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41 ׷
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ɣһ֮Уһ벻ǻģҲտͬᡣ
Һó¼岢δ̵ͣңһ·Ŀ˶ˣԳ챼
ʹ˼ĸˣҲܹǿϣƥߣ̫ͺҵг̡
һգ¼һˣҵһ·Եһڣ޳԰ɽˡ
󣬳ֵܵҲˣ˿ȴļ̩ȸ
컨᲻Ǭ¡䷴帴ͷҲЩֶΣܿ̽鵽˹پ٣ֻ֪׳۷
֪飬ȴûǣֻ¼˼飺ȥ򶫣ϡ٣¡ֻӹٱȺ˲֪Ǻ·Ǵĸ֮ʱ˵ָţǲɲ
޳˵½½ǰ˵ʦ书˵ãڽҲŻйٵĴ׽ĵͷٺòϵһ
¼ʮ·׷˫ղܷŹס
԰ɽ½ѺʦܾΪ壬ҿδϵǵɱʦܣЩְš
־ôǲ綯Ԥîʱ֣Ϳɸĸ硣
¼á
ĥȭƣֻɱ¼ýĸͬרܽǾٺͶʮٱ
ʯ˫ӢһסϿڣħצӹϿڡ
޳ͺڰ޳˶Ըٲ԰ɽЭԸеСӣ̩ͬĴ󳵣½ء
һãҲܲóͲ˵ˡ⣬һڣ¼ûзɣҲûҪеʲô
컨ȺۣҲûв֮⣬һ·ҶˣһУ֮⣬߾˿յӡ


42 
Ѷ˳½ֵ𡣴Ҽİ޲͡
ۣҹ֮Уֻ֮죬һ̵һ̣û롣
ɫһСϪϣ¼λֵܣںȵˮٹһʱžͿ׷ĸˡ
ѪţӾ磬˫κ졣
ͬ͵࣬˵ôζߵԣɩ
Ӧţ
ͬҾҪҲҪĸȳ㡣
΢΢һЦ̾Ǻֵأ
ͬһᣬæתͷ
վڲԶ͵ͬ̾Ϣͬһǻ飬ȴˡ
ֻǣͬ³ȴҲʹ˶̾ϢΪ˾̩ȻˣҲʵֶŵˡ
Ĳ֣ת䣬϶Ҫ̩ȳģǧ㣬Ź
һȳ̩ͬɸıݵĶˣɣһǻ飬ȴ֪й
¼İߣȥ̽ӥצ٣˵ˮ׷ſϡ
һᣬѴֻ˰ӭ汼Уӥצǰ棬ҿ׷
һٱƴ׷ϡ
ȺԼۣף׷أǰһԳ۽һٱѺһӳӡ
Գ¼ȥүĳӡ
˴Խӡ¼һʹɫĸͬȦתڵ·˼ǰ׷
Ⱥۼ׷ٲأƽҰĮĮųһ߶С
޳һȣνУ׷
ٱһ·ǰԽԽбֱȥһ۱׷˵ˡ
Ȼǰ溰ʮƥԶֱ˹ٲ˫ս
˸ϵǰս
һӭ汼ƹս˫ֱ컨Ⱥ۶۽ϳ
۵¼ǰ˵ܶҺʮϿڣ˳˹סҸϻ棬֪ȴӥצˡ
¼޳硢˫λȥĸĴ󳵡֣˵
޳һӦֱǰ
ʣһ·ģ
԰ɽ򻰣֦֣һʺһСʱʣײ
˳󳵣һڲ죬԰ɽҿʣһڳƲֻһбڣϹޱϲУĵܣôǾˡһ
޳ĵܻȥȥʡ˵˶ѡ
ʦ򶫱ӣ޳ɱһתͷ
޳УأأСӿҹ˼˴ӦȺȥ
ʦϵŵû⣬ɢҴܡ
컨Ⱥۼ԰ɽѺŴ󳵻Դϲ׷ױӭӡ
һȣ۵֮ǰҿʣе磡ȴϢһ복ҿ
ʱ컨ȺҲϵΧ쿴
޳Ⱥݺȥһӵһڼͷڵء޳ӣй٣ҹ
޳˲Ըȴͬ˹죬۷ĳȥƮƮĴԾ֮˸˸
缲磬Ⱥرߣʩչݽ޻ڡ
Щ죬Ѱʵֵûʲô̫ǿĹ򣬼ʹӣҲ޵úܡ
У˿֣ڤע֮УһͨĳƱΪ
ֵ£˼ǿЩ죬û˿ԵסһС
һն£ɻɱһˣһݳ˰Уɱˣס֣ʮɱһˡ
ⷬɱ¾޳˵ĹעȺг۳ң֣ɶһ٣Ŀ⿴飬ѪѪúܣɱ˶գ۵ģĺ书ǿ֮ˣ治ɵ
¼Ҳע¶֮ɫǰɱɱˣɱ̫أཻСˡ
˾벻ʹɱǼԸҪһǧ㣬ɲá
֮ǰȺɱͯ׺ѾЩӦˣ˻ɱˣŨѪ֮ʹΪʡ
һڹ죬һɱﻹаֶ־ֻ֪汼ӣӹһ
ڳĺ컨ȺۺһڻˣֶΣĿ⣬мɵ֮⡣


43 ͩ
οθɣ˿̣ȫ񣬶˿ռӡ֮ϣ鿴һ£Ȼ˵һ񣬵õһǧ㡣
ռ֮УǸģ൱ʵеĽ׻ңȴҪҪһЩ
һΣǰ˲磬һζᣬûеõκ㡣
ڱ˿һѪɱ֮ƥ֮ϣȴﾲķ
ֻͷһ֪ڷռӡǣڽʤĹʵ
ڽ֮󣬻õռĴһЩھıأ¶Ե
ôĽϣɫһ粻֮һҧȥ
ԾһűӵĲȥ߸߾еĴ󵶣֮ʱѸն£һѪ⽦
ΪĽƴ֣ûɱˣһɺݾĴ̼֮£¶ĳˡ
ֹסƥ˻ȥԣһӣһϲ
һľӣΪªȴһ㶼æ֮򿪣óһ֮ϵϲɫء
˫һģ鱾һâڣٴβһȥ
һγ֣鿴óַ࣬һһ㣬û·
΢΢ͷ鿴ʣµľˣѾʮ֮񣬻õ˼飬ǶԸһ£
ЩɣֵĻɲЩ죬羪֮񣬸ʣ¶սˣԺ󣬿ɲĻᡣ
ŵ֮ԣ˼ţһӱˣԶ־һ졢;γˣһ˳ȥֻзܺ͹˼꣬ûж
˶һۣûǣԼѡԼ
Ӣ½һ˸ϵ֮ʱδ۽󳵣Ѵӳھһˤڵ£ʣĴүδʱϣ
˲ϻݣ磬ֵھ£Ǳͷ̩ұۡ
ָסۣȵү㲻˵ȷֻӣ
޺޵ĵСѺġүߵԶСӽڳһˣ֪ʹѿ֮ƣҪףԼȴ빦ȥˡģĹεĶûԽ˵Խޣƿڴء
¼еħצеСȫһ·
³¼԰ɽֵܡЭĸΧϣӢ½ࡢꡢͬ粡Ͻۡմӱ·ΧϣһǯٲкڻȫΧڡ
ڻ˺͹ʦû㡣԰ɽ˫΢졢һʦ
ڻ˷˵ңС׻ǰ˵֪һ·úεл˵վٵ¾
¼幰ֻ񣬺λֵܣһ붯ְɡӢӦʩ
ʱеĺ˴¼ƽӹ֮ﻹҷ㶼ģүүڡҺ
Զ־һڣڳҼˣɱ죬Σòס֣ºϧ
ˣ컨ȺۣȻ˲ĿͬʱҲɺǵɱ֮ء
Ҫ֪컨ᾡܴŷ帴ţصĳ͢ӥȮȴײԸģһߵΪһЩͬ
޳˱˴ԣеιƣŮ޵Ľмӣ
˿ȦпȥݺᣬӰ裬һŮһýӶ
½ߵ¼ԣ˵⴩Ĺлͩɽ˫ӥĵӡʹֵǹضħе¡
֪Ůӱǻͩ鲻´רעŮӹò⻹ˣѵõǣһɱ˵Ӣ
齣֮Уͩ㹫ǺܺõŮӣǵõʱΪ㹫ģΪͩһƬж
Ҫ˵鷴Ƶϳ¼壬Ϊ̫಻ѳɴ¡
Ȼ鲻ϳ¼һˣɣԸʵڳе컨ᷴ帴Ρ
ͩʦɽ˫ӥͺճ¡ѩ÷Ϊؽֵľ֣ɽɵġֽԳһңľ
ֻͩȻ˫չҲԵֵеסڻź˽ƽҪսš
˫ָ֡컮ءһһͩת˳һел˵


44 ɱ
ڻ֮ĶԹγԶǣûʲôȤ໥ã˶٣ʲôջȡ
֮У;γȣֱɱ죬ҲһЩ
ͷҲԻɱһ죬ѧһŻѧ߱˳Ա֮
ңֻҪ֮ˣ϶õ˼飬ûŵĵǹ
ÿ齣ɱʶỹ֮󣬼ʹûм飬ҲһЩҩ֮Ʒ
۵Ȼ죬ܺ͹˼ֻĽķݣ岻죬֪֮У˺Ʊһ
;γ˵²йעͩ˼һת֮£ƻ¼ĺ¡
ͩڳ¼壬ԣʲô£¼վܳΪһˣõһŮˣ֮С
ڻ˱ǰȥҫۣۼҪҵʬ
ٿ˫ֽ֣һϵĺ첼У˫ָ߾٣еҪжȡʤȽˡ
ڻ˾㶼󾪣˼
ۼΧֻƾһҵͼңе˶࣬Ҫ練ơòǵһλӮ˫֣ҾӢۺúԻὫϣͬھãߺߣ롣
粵һ̲סȦӣȵãȻȻᵶһڣҪǰ
Ӣһѽ˻˵ǰӢ˵õĲ壬ҪѾͷ
ͩһ˵λ梵ʢ⣬лл
粵ûô
ͩȴͷҪǲɣ
粵ģҿ˺ܺãһ㡣
ӢɵѾͷ˼书ǿû𣿡
粵ѵԩң
½ڵ첼֮УǵҪֶء
粵ͷǾˡ
ӢҡͷЦ
ӢվǿеĵһֻԸֺͷѭѭգ̳ͽŮһأƫλĳȣһ飬ܸԼǷɣֱǰ
ڽ̵ӣӢӣŻڽ֮УӢССͣҲ˴
¸ϰ˵һûУ
ͩҽֵĸС
µʤ֮ô˵
ͩʤðѾ¡ʤߣˣ¡
˵սƫ棬б硣µ˫ְаԣ˰ʮУר˱Уܡת˲߰С
ֿ֣ͩ˼֣δݵѾС˫ȴš
޳½ࡢ԰ɽʹĺ֣һָָۡ
޳һǴвǹˣݡ
԰ɽЦܸ㼸ʮĹȣʱû㿡֣
޳ЦŮ˻ϲҶ
ٲʮУͩ˫΢죬ϸϸ飬㣬Ų˿ң｣һ䣬ɽɾ¥Խӿʵʵʵãƻʵ档
ֹ⽣ӰанһУַϰգ˲ԼͬȲʡ
ɳ࣬˵ˣ㣡
ȥⱳϺ첼ͩϼʣ˫ȥⲿ˷Ϊʥġ
ɫһȵȥһͻȻѷ׶ؼɶһ±䣬ͩԱãһšȫֱ䵹ѷ׶ӹһݣѷ׶֣ʱͩ˫죬Ȼ
˾Ծŭ
һ±ͻأ˵֮⣬ҪԮ֣ȴҲȴһӰһΣսš
ֻͩͦö׶£ڽűߣȣѷ׶ѾԼҪųһ亹
޳ܡ
һȣͩһֻһĹӣ˽磬¡
ԭϵдһ⣬ͩգæ֣貨΢ٶѸʤ¼İ
ϸɼڳ¼Уöӣƴȴδ
ȫ֮£սˣڤ߶һͨĳһţΣʮ֡
һа׺գХֵסȴɣǰһݣظ֮䡣
´һ㵹


45 
֣ת֮䣬һնɱ£־̬֮һڻ˴󾪡
Ǻ컨Ⱥۣ֪ɣ׻ɱ£ԸЩ죬ϾҲһѺ֡
һߣĳȣѪ֮󣬻һʱЩʣʱȴѪڡ
԰ɽ޳ˣʵ磬乫ӵĽΣ
޳˳ʽ£񣬲ѷҡ
԰ɽ΢㾹ôߵۡ
޳ʵˡָ̾ԹӢ۳갡񽭺ѡλӢ乫ӺܶĪ
һ£ͩǰȥĺ첼׻˫ַϰ΢΢һЦ
ǻͩĸľ׿ף˫ֽӹڻ˶ӵ׶
ͩĿ⣬ת飬˷Ŀǣɷš
ͩе˻̬֮ͩȡ紺ϼʤա
鲻ûмŮʵеĸλŮǣǴŮ˲е̣Ҳδôޡ
Ψ˿̣˻ͩ龹ǰһ֮У΢΢һЦ
ͩһ죬ͷܵ׸ǰߵ͵˵˼仰ľ׿׵ͷߵǰ

ľ׿׵йСŮֵܸм֣ʹմ
Ѫϲʥϲɺء
ľ׿װѶӻŮйͬл
ͩǹȣСŮⰵ㡣£
¼ֽʤ´´ֻ࣬ʹթܣֻԺСļɡ
˿Ϳ˵ͷԻͩĽǱҺãһҪ㡣
ָ̡ͩ
粵乫˵ĺܶԣһ黫úܣ̫ЩĶ֡кܶ˶ǹƶ˵ģԺҪǧСġ
ͩ˵ǣ粻乫ʩȣǲˡ
𻰼䣬Ȼ٣ֻһǸò꣬½һʦ
֪Ƶˣ΢ۣװŮ̬ȴڲˣŮװò
ͬϧͬȴóԸͬΪޣͬȴݡ
ͬݣش᲻ԸȢƣȴ˵Ĳ֣һȳ̩ͬѻݵĶˣ˶Ƿܳɷޣ˵
Щ뷨ֻһţȴδȥΪǣߣԵ֮¡
Ƽ˻ܹͩȥȵס֣˵㵽ȥˣҿûУ
ͩȻնơϵĺһָ
΢һ򿪿ûУڲ棿
ͩҪȵ氢лĴܣʥ
Ƶôơ
ľ׿һоɣæ⿪澹һֽǵʥ
ڻһ޲ôڵϵһץ˳һǶ⣬ȵȥˣ
ֿɥһְס׵ӣ˵ͷɵ£СĲ֪һ˵һָ˫ֱͷǮס
һϹ˵ѣҪҪ
ǮױĿ𣬻ŭҪˡͩһ½ǣһֻ
ͩƵ֪ûо飿
ЦҽϹһε˼Ҳѧ
ľ׿Ǯ׺ʣ˵ѱʦߡľ׿׽ŽɣӸϸӰ٣˫üʮַա
ߵĴ֮ԣδǮ׵ɫѱˣ͵͵ס飬š
󳵵ĵӣ齫һ壬δһĶֻǮ׼ȵס֣ס֣
˼ľٶԻ󲻽⣬Ǯ׵ļȣʶ˲ԣæΧ£˹
˿һľ壬һƼвһĿռ䣬óһֻľУ
ʶľ֮пװʲô˵ˣһڻ˵۾׷ˣľ׿׺ͻǺ١

ľУ֮ͩϲ
˵꣬һ˫Ŀ飬ƻ˵һΡһڻ˵Ŀ⣬еĿ飬·ʲôһ
ͩڣ齫ľе˹ȥЦ˻ʥԭ˰ɡ


46 
׷𣬰ɱ˾͵ЪϢľ׿ȳһЩţ⣬Լһߣľ׿׸Ǻ
֮ҹĻ٣ʮߣ׷׾۵֮УҾСᡣ
ϥ£ȿڣλ쵱ǵһμѪɣоΣ
γԶˣԣȻɫ˿ģޱȡ
д˱֣ΪʵоͼѪɱ࣬ȴʹ֮ݡ
γΪزŵˣָҶ֮ˣν٣δûɱˣѴ֮ˡ
Զ䳤Ӹλν֮ţҲڵģɺתף棬ʹѪɺӵĳвʣȴҲܹ˷
һ־Ҳɫ΢䣬ȴܿסˣһҽһǻڵģûѪ
졢ҪһЩˣƾһɾͷɱ֮ʱȻˣʱ룬¡
̬ǲԳʱо죬ȴҲ¡ǹ̼ջСԣҲڡ
ͷ͵뷨͵ռ֮УһߵĸԶΪһ뷨Ϊ֮Զ
ϲлͣһٽ
˽֣ΪǻӢˣаģΪĿꡣ
ʶĿ佱ʮָˡ
˵һɱĸоͬвͬ򣬵Ҳϧ˵γһȻĳ
Ψзܺ͹˼ֻ꣬һĿţ岻ȥ˵ɫЩ䣬Ϊɥ
˼һδŮƽڼңܵĸĳ谮ܵίȻ
һСŮ滨ģ˶в̣ȴû˵Щʲôһȣ¶֮ɫԶˣʯ㣬ɫž޲
Ψ־Ǹ⣬һߵӣ˫֮У͸¶ɫеĹâ޲óǰȥú۰һ
־ȴҷʶֶΣʹٻ졢޼ɵˣҲһЩ
С꣬Ҫģİɣǻġ
֪Ƿʱϸİο˼ꡣ
˼գһ˫ȵĴ۾¶ĵ㣬˵𣿡
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˼Ŀ⣬תȥȻǸӵСģһֻܾСè
ģҺӢûġ
϶ĵ
˼ϲЦæס֣мӢ㣬ӽ㣬ллǣллǡ
ʮһ֮УֻŮӣĶˣ߱һǺ֮£ֻҪһ΢ǿһЩԽһ
ܹ΢ĩһҲСĹ˾ı£ǰ׸ģһã˹˼ĸм꣬鲻ɸ̾ŮӲ򵥡
˷ĳŵ˼겻ٵˣչ¶Цգܿɳüͷˣһࡣ
ǾǴѧĸ߲̲ͣܵĵȴʵڲô治ɱ
вңȴָ߷ܣȥԼģΣյġ
֮£һʲô˫һϲ磬һ飬Ƕ񡣡
˷һۣЦЦĵǲǴЩֵ⡣

һҲ뵽ˣ̫ˣô
鵭ĵô
Ϊʲô
ܲʡ
汻׽סĹ֣мʮˣȫˣʹ˵Ҳġ
Ǻ컨ĳɹĻȻȥ취ǲġ
컨Ⱥʲô֪ĺҪɱˣ̫ܣֲǿ
ʵѹ¼壬޳˶Ҫޣһ˶ս컨һڵңɲӦ̫˵
˵ܾйƤһ±õ
һҹ޻԰Ϣ峿ľ׿ڻҵ
֮ʱֽͩ̽̽ҵͣ˵һܣշתഫʼ˲óһ𣬺ڣ˽빫¡ӻˣܽýа˵հѶ̽˫ַϡ
˫ֽӹ˵˽ܡǹһ⣬ȴֻ֮ú¡
¼ڰź컨Ⱥ̣ԶԶͻͩ˵Ĳܣį


47 
һڻȥе㸴ӣвᣬҲ֪Ŀǰ޷ͩȵʲôʱܽ齣磬δ֪ҲΨճ̾ˡ
䣬ǰһһ̰㱼ԽǰԽ죬ȴˡ
¼壬ԶԶǣߵǰ˸߲ҵصүʮүǴһˡ
¼ʵʲôˣ
˰ϵǱߣʮүںһ˺ϿڣҪʮүһ֣һʹ͵һٵҿҺʮүˡ书ܺãûУ֪͵һ񵶣Ȼʹ˳˶ʮغϣʮүҷɡãֶʰ˵ʯӣסʯӣһʮүһŸǴס
¼ЦЦʵ˽ʲô֣ʲôģ
˵ʮү˵ŵˣʹ֡
½Ҳϵˣ¼ֽϵֽűȻ̬ư
¼ʵŵģմͷ
¼⣬λү˸γ˸סֽŵӣͦվ󣬷к춯¼˵£֣뵽ء
߽У컨Ⱥ½˽ȥ
һ·һߣһֱأ컨Ⱥ֮䣬ϵ׽ȴҲûи롣
ڴˣ컨Ⱥ۲̫뷨˼æ¼ѾܸмˣҲָܹǡ
һڣԺ컨飬ಢģǵĿģֻΪѡ

գһֱͣ׷Ѻ̩ǰĸϢͨ̽ͣ㱨˳¼Ϊҵǰָ˷
һ·ϣ֮󣬾׷˻ƺӱϣ˰죬˳׶ͷƣ
ƺһذɽʯѪԵ׶ɡ
һ׶ͷ֮ʱɫĺãеˮƺƶİ죬һƬǵĺˮӿ
صǽ͹ӣˮնһҪӡ
ƺˮܺɺȫƤӡȥƤӣҲһֻˡ
Խ꣬ȻμҲƵسֻƤӡڱУֻӰ
ƽȽеιǶɹȥӡ
һֻվһ󺺣˰֡ƽȵư͡
˵裬ϾϣϾذܣࡣ
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48 ս
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49 Ⱥ
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50 
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51 Ļ
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53 ع
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ÿѧյ̶ȣΪʮʮҲԲ֮Լȥҡ
ļѧ貨΢΢һЩһ֮⣬ļţ㼶
ܵĿģҪΪΨһһֱȽϸĽѧľ磬ػ̣ԣ
ǧ㣬һҪĻҪǧ㣬ԴƣżԲҪ㡣
ɴˣԿѧǧΪ׼ģѧҲӦġ
㻨һ⣬ֻʣʮλ֮뿪ռ䣬عʵ
Ÿһ⴫ġѡ֮ڴ˵
ϴ󣬿ӣСӲڼҰô졣
ǰɲϼһ²ġ
Ҫȳٹ
һƬ֮١
һŵ𣺡ӣʲô˲ڣӲǻƿţѶˣٻȥϼһҪǮں飬᲻СӣͿ᲻Ǯˡ
԰ôû뵽ĻǾͿǮˡ
ϴǽһʤǧ֮⡣
ޣⲻǷϻϴܵϴ𣿡
ƥ糱ȴǡϴַˣˣˣǼˣƤˣϿ춯֣ŸҲˡ
ǣŵײŵ
ʲôǸʲôҼҵš
׼ţӦԾ֮ʱһЩϤ
ϴˣô죿ҪҪȷŹ
һʵ
žһһƣϴŭûӰ˾ʹ򰡣õſ
ԣ򣡡
ϴ˵ˣǧҪֵǣʹ򡣡
ġ
ţһȭĲҽ


54 
ˣǷ
ϸһⰤǷ
һסڳдסһңһʮ긾ŮΪӿ̱
ͷĹϵ̫ãƽ棬ͷ㲻ˣû˺Ǻõġ
Ⱔᣬֻһſųȥ
һСĻӣڱһ긾Ůȭӣ긾Ůʼƿڴֻʣ¡ߺߡˡ
ѽѽôˣôˡ
ȵĵ
ףϴôֳһˣ
ѽǺˡ
ʲô񣬷ǴˣĿһеģǴһŮġ

һڻ쾪ޱȣ˳֮󣬲еɵˡ
ЩԻЦˣҲ֪˭ģĺͿս¶Ϊˡ
пЦȻȻ¶ˣϴһһôСӣܸǲǡ
ǰûְҺҵС鶼ˡ
鵭һЦ
ϴ󡱵ɫһһұָۣ飬ֵǣϣݺ
õġ
û⡣
ϴģһ趼ʶ
׷״Сеź֮£˷һѷĳ顣
ǰֻбķݣһٴʹϹۣҲҪס
һڻ·ϵ£νٳ
ֻͨѧ˼ѧҲһЩѧۣ۽緢ʵı仯ǰͬն
վԭز쵽˸ǰų֣һȭһ˴˸˫ȭһڻԲҽŷɳ
һ׵ȭֻ㼶ǿԸЩС죬ûģڤ
ֽϴ󡱵֮⣬һ֮£Сӣû뵽㻹һӣˣǽС
ʢ־׳꣬ʱ򣬿ᰮϰ䣬Ǹ٣ѧһЩǳĹ򣬵롣
ˣսҲһ˶Ը󺺣û⣬ʱҲ䣬Ȥ
ʢ־Ĳ֮ϣ鿴ˣӦ֣ЦҲģǺãǴһ
ãаɡ
ʢ־һȣ粽ǰ
һʢ־һȭȭХˣ鲻㲻ͬһȭӭȥ
ʢ־һȭֱֱȥģȭƾһȴͬһȭ˦ʢ־ȭͷײ֮ʱȻһ
ʢ־һϲǰһȭ׷顱һغʢ־ǰ
ֻšꡱһʢ־ƺһˣڵأ¶ʹı飬ͷ϶亹
ϴϴ󡣡
ϴû°ɡ
ϴôˣ
صĻæ𣬳嵽ʢ־ߣס׷׹еʺɫ
ڶԸһͨĻ֮ʱ֣зִģֻǴˣû˽ǡ
Ըʢ־Ͳһˣ֮Ϊʹ˼ʢ־ܲסˣͷ֪˼
ڼСܵĲ֮£ʢ־վһ֣סʹֵܣ·ˣұպԵټ
Сһʹɫʢ־Ǳ볷ˡ
ţ
ǰһȵ
תʢ־Уһ˿ţǿôǶˣ̨ûѵһҪɡ
Ǻǣ
һЦ鲻мĵǻ񡣡
ĻȻȴʵʢ־һڼʹɫѿҲҷֻס
ɫһǣԸҵˣ˭
ԥһ£ʢ־ʵ˵ˣɲߡ
ͷԡ
ãҲˣһҹ˾ľ£ηɡ
ʢ־ˬĵ
ɫһȻϹ֣ͷŵŧļһȻҶҲùġ
ɫ̫ÿʢ־һСĵʵֵܣǿ𣿡
֣ͷĵ߰ɣ߰ɡ
仰ʢ־һһСܣõһʢ־Ҵˡ
òͣءߺߡŽעת򷿶Цʣû°ɡ
վǳ£ʢ־һСִܳˣҲԼķִģѷȻʹˣȴûʲôơ
ϵʹеСӣǵöʲôˣȻ۵Ҷ˴ҽҩѣ򣬾͸Ұȥ


ľ Ѫ콾
̤ѪɱҴúɽ


55 ı
ӳֻʰһЩһЩ·ƷʲôģһЩư׺ʹڱƷȫ
ĿǰRMB֧࣬סһʱѣԺѾ뵽Ǯ;
һȥɣͨѰҳⷿڶϢ֮УһƻķӣȻҲͣһ½һǧ
ھⷿӣһ䣬һһǧģֻڱȽϿ⻷λá
绰Լãɱ˹ȥһпɵС˵̻ʲôģΰҪȳдһЩ֮ˣûôӡ
С֮⣬һ绰һʮ׳꿴һۣ˹ʵʣ𣿡
ͷǵģɡ
ǣá
չնЦ֡
ȥ΢΢ҡҡãǿȥ𣿡
ԣ
ǰ·ں棬Сһ¥ǰϵʮ¥һŶҵķӣһ֮⣬һˣûɡ
û⡣
νĵ
ӻռ乻󣬸ּҵƷУ鱾Ͳ̫ޣܿ춨ѺͰķ⡣
õ֮ȥһ¹гһЩƷأǮûôʡ
ŴСţһŮڿ֮ȥĿ֮ʱ΢΢һ㶡
һ֮ɫͻָ糣ѺõЦãҽ飬ķ͡
ŮĸҲŮɶѵĵɳΪŮˣʱͷãҽСС
СС̬ȣ㲻ĮȴҲ飬һк֮󣬱Լķ䡣
ҪǰŮʹûʲô뷨ҲԸǰȥɣ컹û˼
ص䣬ƷӵĽ䣬һ¿ռӡǣ･ʧˡ

ռ䣬ǣ֮УΡಡһ³֣棬뿪֮ǰһ仯
С񣬿
һعռ䣬к
һԴСĹͻأˣеٴ
кηԸ
׼ڶ߰ɡ
㻹׼нӽ𣿡
ҡͷǵģöŵʮһȥӡ
ͣһ£ŵǲ˾Ҫپһ磬ųнӽ𣿡
ռķչԼߵĽ⣬ȣѾ˼ƻ
ʵһţھߣҪϿһЩԶǣĽһ֮󣬱ǿƳнӽ
鲻뽫ռŪôѪȣżͬ⣬پһ磬һ㴭Ϣʱ䡣
ˣһһңҪŪúõһ
Ǻܼǳˣǰ鵹ˣ췢£ηʮַŭѰ˼ôһ¡
ǰģ໹Ҫռеģʵй£ԣһ취ҪηŪռ䡣
ռԼĵ̣ηˣԲ⣬Լġ
Ǻðɡ
Ӧˡ
ܹӿռ䷢չ£Ȼ֮ãǣһѡʮˣΪ½ռ֮ˡ
ԶͷǵĹ򻹲㣬ʮ˿ܴԣ齫롣
ң黹רָˣηɻڷܵһСͷηķܹѾҪոˡ
ϣܴ
аΪڴԴѹηɵʱ

ɽ룬Ͽվ֪ɽе·ֶ֣洦ɼ侪֮ѶȣԳפ㡣
̫֮о˵أҲ̾ѣ졣
ʱά£＾ڣɽƻ𣬻ҶһƬ쵾󡣳ɽ֮УһڣȣޣϡһɽХϿ٣¶߲İ֣ɶɡ
֮ϣһӰ֣ĪϷ͵ɽ·ѵСһۣ̾Ѫ콾˰ɡ
ͨռӡǣһ±ʾȻˡ
ĩ꣬ɹ֣ľ븸Ϊӱɹű۽Ĵ;͢ʦ̡ʿӷľ뻴òҽ֮ƣغݼǣ赲ɹ¡


56 Ѫ콾
1ľİȫɽһǧ㣬ʧܿ۳һǧ㡣
2ɱַɽǧ㣬ʧܿ۳ǧ㡣
3ݳ֮սɱɹŴѡɽǧ㣬ʧܿ۳һǧ㡣
һ񣬵һڰ͵ģʹûıľҲֻǣҪԤķ
ڶ΢һѶˣΪһʦǧĵӣĹûʤ֮
񣬸ǹǧ֮ɱɱ黹ûǸ£ƴ
ʱɽżţϢȣȪңңɽ֮УԵ÷죬ֻһһ٣ζ
ϵԼĪʮ꣬ο࣬壬ֻٵԵ£üĿ㣬ϸϸë߹һ˿Ц⡣
ˣ֪⵱ºľˣһѪ콾磬ǣչ˵ĺۼȽԡ
ųɶɡҿҲ˰ˣɽġǧἡӷöˡľ˵
ľֻ֪գ֪˻˴Թǿ˳û֮ء⹵֮У֪¶̵İ׹ǡ˵ţ̾˿
Ҳˣ൶Զ֮ˣΪաľҡͷԡ
Сӣڵʲôģµӡ
ľͷ˵סѡľӣ˼ǣȻ˾գԶˣΪʲôҪأ
㶮ƨ˭ԸӣطΪһڵ·
ġǻ᲻ǿأ
ƺ
˵һͣסˣĿǰ飬ĿЩ裬Щ䱸
ľҲ飬ſԣһͣסˡ
ϢĴ飬һϮ߰˳ߣֱһƾųӡΪ˵һ
߿ûигһ˲٣æкľŲ졣
ߵԶˣͻԶѻ̶²ֹסӣ첻ôе
ǰǲʲô£ľǰ
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ֻ׵Ĳݵϣ˵Ŷʮʬ壬ſͻĿ϶һڣѪɽһ̯Ϻɫ
˵ȾʹľȴҲ֮УѪ콾һƪдһĻ͢ʦɱڴˡ
ˣºľûо˿Թ˽̸
һʼһ֮ľԴЩʼϸʬ壬˵ЩôڲӰ˿ڵǳһģһóƵġ
ţǵȻҿͬһ˵ֱʡ
ľһ³㿴ϵĽӡҵģֻ֡һǻͷѥӡǸ˼ҵɽЬӣһǱѥĺۼЬǷ߱õģɽ·ҿһ£Щ˶ǴĻͷѥ
ľϸ˿ϵĿ磬񡣲ôûѥĺۼ
¶ӣָŵһССİôǳŻվ书֮ߣʵǺšϹ˵ṦһҲû
ףӴ򶷺ۼЩһӹ֣Щ˵ȭŹ֮ϡ
ľĿɿڴһ亹ðβŵǼȻϣˡ
ɡ˵Щͷܴ󣬼ĬĬֻ˴¡
ǲ١ľųڣ㰤һϴ
γĹûöŭ£
ô˵ȴĦƣ˫ü壬ƺԥʲô˺һ̾˿ڵһŰµĿʬϣתȥ
ľԶ͵͵һֻƾӨͨ͸񣬾֣ĸ׭֡
硪ޡס٣߶ȴϵǰлһٿתҲˣæ˳ִ
ߣºȵˣǺã
ϵǵС¡ľ߱߹档
˵ʲô
ľˣҪ⣬ԶϷΣգ֮죡ϴԼ죬ãȻǧ̡꣬ͨ


57 ľ
һƾɵɫ죬̬䣬һֻ«һһҡӭ̫Ժüüۡ
߹ߣվסһģľȣæȥȴһƿľرɽ׳ʿȻʯջ๳֮߱꣬г岨֮شƺ֮ɲùԳȳʡԵҲԵ߳ߡ
ǰɶɣôȥľ
ߣھӣˡγûУͷ̫࣬ᡣ´üͷľתһֻѵɽϣտյﻹһӰ
δ壬ȴһй֮󣬴ƮƮֻһݣӰˡ
治幫Ѫ콾ĸ֣˵ṦҲҲ
аȽϡ
͹˭书ߣ黹ûôߣһȵģΨṦɣ˹Ǿշɶȣ鲻òϣԼṦҲ硣
Ȼ˵貨΢ˣû־磬Ҳ磬ű֮ϡ
书ǸˣΪȴЩϣŤŤȺҲ
ҡǲϹˡľЩ
˵棬ڤ¿кǳ⣬ȴڴġ
λ׳ʿ˵ĺܶԣϱûййҲй
ʱ죬⣬λɿˣոˣɲʲôǽĸ֣幫𡣡
㡭ô
ľȵ
Ҳŷ飬ɫһ֮˲óأĿ⣬֮ɫء
λӺãǸ·ʹ˱ˡ
˵ţһľߡ
֮ϣͶǿ˳û¾ûоһ㶯иӾ裬⡣
黰еݣľĸȤפ㲻ǰЩʲôȴǿˡ
ͷ·һ̣һɽϪʣһľСŷɶ
ͷһƬɽ꣬ɽӵ˼ңƮ
пջľָԶһƬ߷
߷дšɽջ顱˸֡Ҳ¶һ˿΢Ц
ջǰûȥһСӭ˳˵Բס˰ˡ
ľʧµҺö
üùߣСɷͨһ
⡭СЩԥ
Ҷ֮ˣα˽ƽϡڴһʵС磬ǽɡ
ǣǡСùӣľϲ˽ȥ
Сӣ˵Է˭Щ޿κΡ
С磬ǿԽȥӦҲ԰ɡ
Сǰһһǰº͵Ц
㡭ʲôʱģ
Сһʹ۾ãĵ
ãڴģĻСΪˡ
һ飺ҿԽȥ𣿡
Сͷԣԡ
һŰϣˣһʿҡһȣ׾뷢īòʮ񳡣
һ׳ߣϺţ׼أһ˫۰գȥϡ
һ꺺ӣŨüĿŵ˫ۼᣬϸһѾŻ󵶡
ţ⣬׷šһ׾ƣһߡ
ľǶúˣһУȲһﷹˡ
ǣСۿ˵ͣ¸ªڵвĵĹأԣҪиˡ
˵̲ľϣ뻳֮󣬲ŷǮˡ
ִȴСƽһ꣬Ƥϣ֣˶ţҪš
ʿЦǲӱͬһΣ
΢΢һ㶣û𻰣ּľŲӹ棺ôأ
ƨȷ磡Բɡ
ϵĺöľƤ湾쳣
Ц˭ûΪѵʱ򡣿»̣ƴǲźá
̾˿ͷֵʢ飬ĳﵣ𣡡
ʱִһʵǺˬÿ֪ͣɷһݡ
Ż֮һ߽һӢȴֲԵ÷â¶
ôô
飬ľ


58 ĩ
ӿһ飬Ŀ֮ɫľʵǫ̂ʶλӡ
ľ죬δü˵Ѿȵʶֻ·λһ棬в֪
ӵͷЦ̨֮á
ãá
Ц˹µҽѪԽҵ֡
ԭ֣°ӡ
ӹ֣˵
֪ղˡ
λǶľų衣ָߵλϸ֣˳ơ˱۵ָǸӡ˶ֻ΢΢ͷȴ
λԱ
˶ľϸ֮󣬰ºľʵ
ԣǴӻɽ
ŶʿλȴϷ
ţС϶漮ݣڽϴһӣжʮˡ
ӸƵ²Уĵ֮Уȴ֮ܲ˲𡣲ɾҲǽϿѵˡ
»һоˮ½
ľȻ򣺡ԭ˵ĹֻΪԵʡ
ķµһۣŵľһͷԽ
֪Σ
»ûڣľ˵ɹӻ͸ˣֱǺ˵ʹǵñƺӵһʹһشˡ
Ŷ
ˣλҲɹ۸ˡջǶӡľɫ΢
ѽᾡʦһꡣӳһ̾
ЦҶ죬γʦҲ򲻵ȥˡ
⻰ʲô˼ϸջĿԲɣѵɹ˶ͷ۲ɡ
ºٺһЦɹ˵ûͷٰۣС͢ȴš
ڮٳ͢ϸմŭ
ҡֻγһȺԻĹٶȻܹӲд졣
㡭˵˵ϸջȻվŭĿ
Ҳص˵öԣҲǸˣֻ˵˵
ϲɲǴˣҲûк˵˵ָ֮ײνһѪ
Цָ㽭ɽ̫ԿطͱȨʼγ䣬ӵսһֱĳͳȲ֪սһģ޺֮ȣһﲻС
ϸŭŭ㡭ң̫ʵۡ
ӺмõʱҲɱɫĿ⣬вơ
鵭һЦмһ˵ĵ˵Ķʵεˣƣʹ÷͡˱εİʢڽ֮£ٰС͢Σв磬εĵۻʸǲ¡ҵҳܵ²պ
ңɹѳ򣬱ǿ׳֮ģĵĴúɽΣӡ
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ɫ
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ʷγ͢ɹ֮£Ӷɱò֮٣ʱз差ͳݵǣԱǡ
ͨʷ飬һĩһѪʷ֪ʱ龰һǺҵġ
ִĹĽ֮̿УᳫһңɺһˣɣһʷΪһˣȻͻ
Ѫ콾磬ǡĩ꣬оЩǹ֮ʿҵȰ˵֮ʱҲ
Σľͣ¿ӣֵûбô˵˵úãˮͣӴ˲¡
٣һˮ͡һֱĬĶľȻɹԳɼ˼ʮδһܣƽδһʤǿ֮Ʋʿ֪С޶ſڴƻơ
ľͨ죬ΡŤͷ𴦣ȴǽһ̫ͼжʮпݡѡ졣
Ӽͼ񣬱СֵҲϲֻô
ľֻǾܷǷֻܴп߲˼
һ㵣˵
ľȻֻ߼еɽˮȴɾϻƵģ˵ǻ߱лɳƺͱ£ʱȴòֽϡʼ޷Ĳƽֻ֮ӿƺҪɽˮ˺ѿһ㣬Ե쳣ҰʱߵľӦ˶ŹһʫΪá


59 
ľͰƷǷʱҲڴֻǻѣ
ڹʱīɽˮûһоʲôԢ֮ģһŲֻ֪ܿ֡
ԣӺľĵĹڻĻ⣬Ҳ岻ϻ
棬ľ֮ԱأҪΪӣƻ̺֮⣬вСĹϵ
ӵʵǼʦ;˵أһʱֻɡ
ľȻʦ˲𣬲ֻܾǿҰĪˡ
ˣ
ţϣ档էϸȴǴìܣ·ķѣݡɽˮˮˡ˺֣ûһгʦʱһǳܣƺĶˡ
ʦȷʵסɫ죺ۿʦȴûСֵ˵ĶСֵܼδʵڸ
ľЦúϲ£졣
С쵰˵˵һȻӿջ𣬡㡣
һ׹⼤룬ò˼飬ľš
¼æȥץ֪׹Ȼ죬˸գۼҪľϣ鶯ˡ
ľоǰһһӰǰһõ׹⣬һӰ¡
һľſˣһ׹⣬ԭһƣʮϤץ
ϸۣľؾѽⲻǱ͵ô
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ԶǿİַͷβʦϷ糾ĶؼĿ䵽ľϣʦΪ˵㡯˵͵ˡ٣Сֵܿɵ˵ס
û˵꣬ľüһ磬ľţϸպߣס˵š
ϵûдĻֳȭһȭľ裬ôֱϡ
һʹľջȥһۣһֱֻѾһ顣
ʹĿ⿴飬ľأ䱸ȴûٶȳ֡
ӻվ΢΢ֵ׳ʿ˵ס
ǰľƣЩףһʱԥ
ľЦϵĲ˵Сġ
ٶȳ֣Ҫľɣ֮£Ը֣վ֪飬㲻˷
ľŭ乫ӣһҪ𣿡
˵ţӡľӺϸ˵΢վλΧм䣬Աʱ֡
ɨһۣǵվλΪ⣬һЦ֪Ҫʲôɡ
ǰ·ӡľӺϸոں棬±κϵ棬ȴ޷ľҲֻøš
һ˴ҴҶУֱɶǰ
ˡ
ָԶ
±ϣľʬףһɣƺ
Ƭ̣ͨһϸպȻڵأ˵ʬϣʹޡ
ľҲŹ£ˮֹס
乫ӣոնл֣άС¸м
˻ᣬæл
жзȴǲ֪Թ֮ˣղţ飬ľûܿ࣬һм١
ڰֵϲؿֻǾ֮Ͱˣ˵Ҳ֮֡
ľҪɵȷʵѪ콾ľ飬ľȴҲ
ʹʾ˲⣬ȻľлľҲΪ֮
˵һźȴվ飬Ϊۡɪɪ磬Ե÷
˵ʲô±ʵ
ԭ䡷еĻ˼ǣȻȥ񳤴棻Ǽ㣬ƹӢۡ
пһùҲһӹ򡣡³ۡ
˵䣬ͻľԾ˫ƾ쭣˹
²񵲣Ҳ룬һ¿󷭹
ľȴɵۣһ·ӭľ缤
һúۼľˣбһȭһ󾢷缱Ӷľһײɢʹöľ
ľǰȵľ裬⣬ף롣
ľΪΣ
ʵ
ľ֪ǧڴȴٳٲ¶й


60 ֮
üͷ΢壬עϸӡ
·ŭ֮࣬ҲԾʱɵԼͷϣ˵ףֻ²
ߣЦЦ
һЦ
ľŭЦ֮
鵭ĵϸϵĺۼֻ֪һˣ¸ӣû͡
ľ趨ϸȻ򣺡Ϸ˴뱲ӣûôĸ֣֪ʲôͷ
˵ľֵǧ˴Ϊ⣬õջɳ²֮ƣԴ·Ͽˮ·Լȡ½·봨Ϊ¸ţ
׵֪µ֮٣ֻҲѲ˸ϵ֪ˣү߲ǡ°û֡
Ĺһϸպʦ书ظɣ
һ㶣ʱˮ˵ʲô
ϸЦ
ľҲ΢΢üΪξʦУ
һЦͻһΣɲǼľ۽ץ
ľһһСšŸϰץƶʮֹٿԽ֮ң
ľһؿѱס
ϸվŭ֣ųơ˱۵죬ûΰεֻããһƬ⣬бȥ
΢࣬ƮƮڵϣһһϸջھ𣬴󵶾Ҫ֡
Ҫ˾ضᣬѴ伲¶ڵһ֮ǧش£ϸһ첲ʱľˣŰӴһգС
ǿҰӣ輰ʦݹҲ
˪ſľ裬һ󵶻һ⣬ֱɽ£һûʯ֮С
书ȻѪ콾֮УȴǶ⣬鰵ȽϣԼͰӲڲ֮䣬ǿЩҲǿޡ
ǧĵ䣬Ƕ֣Ҫ֮ɱûôףвɰ裬˼֡
⡭ְʦľ״ʵ̲סͰ͵ذǰ齻һ飬Ȼ˵ԭǸС͵ǹǰʦأ˵Ķԣһ֣ʲôġ
һԣ޵һۣ¶˼ı顣
üѪݺݸľ˵쵰Сӣͻû£
ϸȴһ㶣ʲôû£ϣȻҪٵġ
٣һЩݵĹٶ»Ҫǡ¿顣Ҳ֣ߣҸ˵ҪģΪʲմһɧϷûô
ϸմŭҪǳ⣬ȴбöҿòǻʼؽҪɣ
ľ׵öǻϽǧıܹб
΢΢һü棿Ҫ
Ŀ䵽ӵʬϣ˭
ӿЦڱĴô
ͷһɫʱˣ˿û𻰣ȴľɵɵʣ˭
Сֵ֪˵˫ȫ۲ŴԣǴѵһ
̾˿ֵ֪ǧĶͷ˭ôǵ̫ӣ
ǲǽĻô
ľһ
Ц̫Ӳϳǧ꣬ǧѳֱȨĵλʶһǧԡǧ֮ʱֶθǿǲǶ֪֡جģȻų켺ǰ춼ǧһֱʱΣĻȫȫӴ̣
ѵǾͲܹҵİΣ
ľ档
ͷ¾Ͳڷ粨ͤˡ̾Сֵܣ޳ܵģĪȨ֮ˡҧҧ׮Ѫ˵׼Ǹ̫ӵֱʣ
ľɿһ˻δ̫˵˵޷𴦻ǲ˵Ϊ
ʲôӲЦ͢гǧ꣬˭ҲǧһȥĳʲôǣңѵҪĴεô
ʲôϸշ߷ߵ˵ѵͷھΪЧӵóѣ
ˣҡҡͷ̾˿˵ϢǰȻսҡ״ɹŻʵ޵еһ̲ô֪ʤܡԴֻ֮գƴӰˣ
ɹ㣬ϯ֮ƣѳɶ֣˿ԵǸһһ֧ǿ򻹿Ĵγ͢Ѿõ˸޴Ʒ֮ǻҲǬڼȵ
˵
鳤־Լ磬ʷ֪ɹ֮âʵ޿赲
طʱ̣뵲סɹ㣬ƾһ֮ģռȫ֧֣ڷչһ̶֮ɳߣ򻹿


61 ҽ
Ϊ˵ȴʵ飬ӡľϸջзŭͬҲ޲й
Ӹӣ𻴰ʬ壬ǧ֪֮δرΩнһˡ
ľɫ࣬в̣˵α٣Һú룬˵׼
ӵͷľһֿۣ˿ݣҪ̾Ȼһ͵̧ͷֱֱľ
ľľ¼Ź֣ľһľ
ľ㻹ǵǧǰģô
Ӷľ
ǵãľͷô
ƣˡ
ľ˳Ŀ⣬עľҲ΢΢һʵˣôһ˵Īǡ
ӣѯףǶľ
Ŀôľɫء
ţ˫ȭգ΢΢Լ档
ľһã
˵ʲôϸͷԵʡ
Ŀһ΢΢ЦǴĺ⣬֮ߣùһʱһңǻĸҲδضȻԵֵɹű֮¡
һȻһʱһʱǧڣ¿ɰǧѶкκӦס
Ȼס
ϸȻҲ˽̬ԡ
ŹƼһѡһĴνɽ
ģϸղԲۡ
ľӹͷɹŴѹǧѶǴǰĶҡȥҲиǧ깩ţסģɹһ¼ɹ츣°գ°ܣ֮ȴҲʱѶûʲôֱ𡣹ʶȨĳɹһһǵ
ϸϰ죬ŵ˵úٵǧꣿ
ӺͶľָľ
ľӲδضô̰ȴҲΪ塢֮ˣҽ֮٣һ֪ռľȻԸ
Ҳ΢΢һӣֻ׳ʿ˼
죬ĬȻ
ɫһŰգ˿ʮأǧټƣأվûܱܹ
ʮꣿľעΣͻѿڵĪǾǵɱ࣬ŵĽô
֪´ʧɫ漴䱸΢΢һȫ
ֻľٰͳͨǹھʱƽ䣬ٲᴩǮѹõɹͣʵ¡ʱ׶ʮ¡
Ϊ̾µüˡ
ľʵͷ̫죡ɹżַǱƽʤ˵ã
ϵôô
ľ̲סðһ仰ôû̸
ʲôʱҺúѧ
һһһͿӣٽûУʯĹҲô㣿
˵Ҳǡ
ľİãϵһװʲôɣ
ӱȭϸεĳΪ򲻻ܾġ
ĬȻƬ̣ϸεǲҵ²գȻˣĳʵԹۡ
ľëȻͷĿѣֻŶˡ
ϧӴСɵģʵԵΡ
ľüЦֱͦ壺ѽѽ˵ˣٰ粻ġ
Ȼ
ֵĳҲûѪԵų򣬵ɱ֮⣬ҲΪΰա֪ȮܣѵΡλΪ񣬸ҽɵСϡĳΪ丸ηηβЧΪ
Ŵľľ̾˿ֻΪˣ
ĳȷû
̾ϢŴƨ
ҽˡ
ϸյĴɤڿɽдԶ
ѽѽ
ľ΢Ц
ɣҲɡ
ľ㿹飺ҲŲǧꡣ
ɵôº˵ģɷҵ
ҲҪ
ľû˵꣬һݺ䵽ͷϣʹðǣˮ
ããƣʿçܡλϵҹΪ֮棬Ը֮⣬ѪΪ˷ıһݡ
Ц
ɹ֣ɱ޷ŤתǬɱһɹӣһͷĶûġ
ӴϲԸҵ֮á


62 
ȳЭһУŹء;Ⱥɽ϶룬߾ס硣
˷ľ㣬ŹȴǷ죬УУм
ľ˱ð仴ϴԸ⡣һ·֮ϣ뷽跨ʱ䣬ʺ鷳ϡ
ŭѣ£÷飬һֱһԿ֡
һ·߽ûƻʱ֣Ӧý뽣Źصģȴֻ;еһɹСۼɫȻ谵ҹ·Ϊ㣬ľ˼ҿջͶޡ
Сϸսеþƺò˾
Сһ˫ۿ߲Ц˳ϵƻ
߰ˣڽһһŮ
ԼĪʮ꣬ӥĿī۹ֱǰȫޱ飬ֱ߷һں˿ң֪ʢź
Ůһ廨ȹ̬ȣͷ˿һö¶ѩ׵ļ
һˣĿ΢΢һ֪˵ǧλӣᡣ
ǧеľ֣Ѫ콾֮Уȴ֣齫ҪԵĸ֣ᡣ
֮ǧ书࣬ȴҲǶ֣ûаʤ֮
λүСˡСһ״ɺӣЦСС
˵Ŵ򿪺ӣһ˵ľʱ˵ıǿףϸֻװʮͨͨĴз
ľȻʧЦǡзôȻô
óô
ľʡ
͹ٿ֪зʣʱڵз֬ʸԵʱ򡣡
Ŷ
ľе㺦£硣
͹һԱ֪С
ľӣ΢΢Цǧ롣
ľ޿κΣһֻзſҧһ飬˱֨֨ģʯĥﴫ
ţóԣۣóԡ
ľװһеӣһĿɿڴ˹
ֻһıʦ֣ԭзҲôԵģ
ľĿȥᣬ˲࣬һĶֱһ¿ôˡ
ȷʵ쵰ѩ͸źΣ̣ͦü޽ǣһ˫۴ģ֮䲨˼
ʹŮŮ̡ͩ棬ᣬҲòһ
鶼Ҫа޵Ůûʲôľһ֮£ܲĶѣֱ۾
ιӣôϿѽľЦ
ԵͷĿѩа㣬ľϡľһһǻѪʱ˴롣䡰סһвһ˿졣
ֻɨһۣûйĹע˶Էע⣬ͻ
鲻ûĶӡϸպͶľһ֣Χɱ䣬ɣһ룬ǲա
ƾ֮ɲʤ䶼˵˵ΧɱˣԣǾ˳׼֮г֡
ľӣзҳһô
ѽľæӦҪ硣
ᣬˣˡ
ƲΪɶǵзȥǣǵзȴԡ
ľһǡÿľһֻз¶װ׵з⣬ʱѪӿգضȥ
СæЦˣзȷҪȥǵģֻǡֻλ͹ٵĳԷЩڲͬ
ô˵ҵǵзڲͬ۸ǱˣѳԵзǣѺóԵĸǣ
С۵ؽߵľߣҲˣ־ץһֻҧһڣ־͸һͣȵǴôҲܳԣ
ľһǶͷתڵָӡӡϡ
ӡľ衢ϸպ޲ŭϸոİ𣬺ȵ˶Ҫˣĵ
Цô˴δ䣬һһǶľϹε
ľӼæӰһ㣬ƾϣһ죬һӡ
ϸŭɶһӥãԽŮϴȥ
Ƶ;绨棬ϸһֱ̧𣬱Ϊצץķ١
еɲǣŮָһ㣬Ȼšϸֻ͡һƾʹæȺߡ
棬ƮƮϣϸƺ壬ȥһ죬İѹ÷顣
һֻѪףѪŭ


63 ʵ
ҵ˭
ӻվ𣺡ԭǡˮˡ
ЦԭϵҵĹѽ
ħ֡ôӵصĳȻϵá
Ҳһ֪ʦ
Ц
ӵͷˮϣ¡ĳв֪ĵ
ǻϲ˽еʦ֣ʦȻܳҮ
Ȼ
̬ư
ӵһЦ֪λкιɣ
ʦɱˣ֡
ɱˣɱɶɡǰ֮ô
ˡ
¶ô֪
١ɫ࣬һһصǾͺá
תǺ˵£֪㾡һţ
һ㺮âҲ˵Ŀ䵽ľϡ
ӵνҽɱĲǸǰλǻʵĻ
Ŷ
ЩˣԭǸιһ·ġߣȻüٵƭǡ
ŭľǸ
ľһæֲǹĻǹ
һ㶣ס
Σ
仺վص٣ɱһξǡ
ӴЦºôĿɱô
ߣ̽ҿڷ硣
ŭɱ˵
˸ؼһһ˫ʱħΣʱ黨ʱӶңʱ練ã仯ͻأֱˮйأ޿ײ롣
˹ƣӾƾκһҶСۣ沨
ṥ糱ȴʼձһ֮⣬ʱչʩԷ
Сġ
΢΢üõǡֽơٹһ߼ġȦֻ²
仰Ĺ򣬡ȦѾΪ߷Բֻѹ･Щʩչʽ΢΢һֻ͡˲Ϣ֮䣬ȦȻǣӵ磬Ϊ֡
֮ƶʱתʮеĹֻм֮޻֮һȥһӣне䣬ҡ
ľҲΪһ£Ʋɵһ͡
ʱ룬жокߴ߽У䣬㹥䣬㿳֣䣬ƨɡ
𣬶ʱֵøæҡ
޳ܡϸƿڴ
˵ʲô
Ŀ絶ɨϣұ֮Σ㵨ʦã㲻á
ϸյһǸһһսĻᣬɣ
ӷЦһƱƿᣬվǰȻҡȵµĶǰĳɣ
ιǻûأ
е
΢΢Ц㲻ҪʦְæǶһϰɡ
ѽ
üЦԼԹǡ˵žҪǰ
ҡҡͷᣬ㲻Ҫ֡
ֱӰӵõ
ӵҾӡ
Ӧýǡü
΢Цӡ
ҪŭͻҲõ
һĶ̵
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ҵĶ֣ƫҪ
ƲϴΡɶɡɱˣҲǾһˣҲҪɱˡ
Цãɱ˷Ż˵顣ʦֻҳʶûɱˡ
ߣʦôϲɱˣɱһǼܺ顣˵ƫҪԡ
Ľ̸üͷֱ壬һŮſڱտ̸ɱˣһɷ羰¡
ıԣδж໵ȴһʦһԵ飬
භϹۣʱûгֵ˼νԸ֣ĿģΪɱ䡣
Ԥһ£ãԼʵӦҪһЩ䲻ÿʤֵжµԡ
ֻǣǰҪԼһ֣֮һһɱ
㾹ȻһЩŭҶô
ң
Ϣ֮䣬һ籡տɫĵӺ˿³ڿлһĻߣʺϡ
˵
˵
б¾ɱҺˡ
˺䵶棬Ӳ̤һɱҺˣʦڣô۸
䱾״æ֣㲻һȻҪܽ㡣
˭Ҫܣ
һٽţջ
ȥ
һƺسɴһ㣬Խһ࣬Ҫ׷
ô
ϸպסһӭ
ֲɡ
У䣬һ֡
ϸյ岽һӵŰؾŻ󵶷㡣
Ŷ޷
öĵ
ӻľһۣҲ߳ջ׷ȥˡ
ȥ
ľ粻ȡǺ
¶һ˿Цֻһȹǡ
Ҫɱˣ̸ס̾һҪߣҲס
ҪɱȷʵףкõĻᣬδزܡ
ζĿ˶ľһۣصص


64 
ҹб繳ҡ
һİžֻмԶżȻ˵ƺ˵̾Ϣһ㡣
ɹĴϿտյֻɫбб䵽ߵǽǣӳһӵӰ
ľһȴ̽ͷ˳˳ӻ»·һ죬ͷһʧ£ˤг
ͻػɽʲôǧ꣬˭ϲ˭ȥ
ľ
ľ͵͵֮󣬲ãһӰһ㣬¥£ԶԶں档
Ŵܳ⣬ľģܳϴһ̣ͣ£ֻһ˵ɰС
ˡסһ˵ԭüü
ľʱɢȾܡ
ܣ
ľܵø죬ڹ¡ˣģһСģűٰסһͷԽǰСӹ
ЩŭŶ׼ľϾһ¡
ľͷˮЩﲻסˡһߵأʱེˮһ֪㻹ߣ
һԭûô
ľЦѾˣһŸ߻ˡ˵ˡ
һﵹȤ
΢΢ЦȻڹǰˣСף㻹ܣ
ľҪܣȴôҲǧľѧȷʵǲṦǲ书ľӵùġ
޷֮£ľҪ㣬ٶҪܣȴʶƣŭ֮£Ҫһȡ

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㻹ʲô˵
ľ书µģҵ书µģ˵Զˡµ֣µĵ
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ޣĽҰ⣬Ҿ۸µģ˭ˣ
᲻ϵ
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Ợѣѳֲס̵Ь˳ȥ
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ֻ̬裬һ˫Ьãݣϸϸһȴһ±βס廪֮Խ˳
治еľ֣Ṧһҵ书ȷʵвࡣ
а
İ£Ժոѧڤ񹦺貨΢ľѧѧᣬȴҲԼѧ⡣
ѧᵶȭŹֻ⼸ѧڰַȴһϲͨ
ǧǷѧʦѧ㲻оѧһʩչȴϤǧٱһ
˭
ῴṦ˸١
ڰ׷תһתЦû뵽ˮһ֡ǧˣȴôŮͽܡ
ľ۾һ˫ţǰȻʱллأٶһɵ˱ӡ
ѽڴˣǮ
Σ֮УȴԼľʣݸȡһǮЦô
Ȼȥˡľҡ
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˵ŰһӣǮһߣȴϴ򵽣һ¾ʮ㣬һȥӡ
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ĵͬȣ㲻ֲ̧㵽ǰ˸࣬һϡ
һǷͬСɣûüתſľҲƵ
ľɣæϵӼ
𲻽ü޶ô˲أѵӱԴҪô
֪ʲô
ľͷʰӣûصҺ͵̰ڣĻЩ¨ǮϵƤĥ˼ġ
΢΢һ㶣ȻԭˣµĲˡ
˵ľһҾȻӣʰ
ӣڼˣ֮ʱһıţԴγĻߺޣĲٹ֮ܳ¡
飬빫ͬӵȻӿÿ䲻̫ù߹ΪȴҲòϣıĻǺõġ


65 Ԫ
ľֻʰӣԼһۣƤơ
һʰڵصĶ̵еĶ̵һ⣬ն
һС׷ꡱǧѧеɱţһȳݡ
ǺһЦץסľģ㵸ɴڡ߳׷ᡣ
һһˣó档
߰˸Ȧӣĵͣһ֮⣬Ѵ
󣬹ʹ˸ٶȳæңʵڹ֮䡣
֮˵ǽ֣˵Ϸ־磬ڹ书֮ߣ˸ε˽⡣
书һһ֣ɣȴĽ֮Ūʵ֮ǿˣʽյǡôġ
᲻Ǳ֪ǹĶ֣ȻʮΪȣȾܡ
ľһԣЦ򲻹ӣҲʦ̵ô
һӣһƬҶȽȽƮͷ䵽ǰһٱƵĺˣͷܣ֪ǰ档
һٽţʩչٿãգۼλۻҡ
ȴŲæУ̬֮䣬ƺһӣα仯޷Խ׳ذ벽
ԶߴעߵĶ䵱ʩչ˹Ԫ֮ʱ۾һԽϸ
ľѧԪ貨΢֮ͬ貨΢׵İ˰ʮΪԪеľŹͼΪ
Ԫ貨΢λȻͬãԭȴ֮࣬
ǣһֳ嶯貨΢͹ĹԪһ£͡
ûȥһϷҪңһ˿뷨ȡԪ˼
ᣬᣬлӣ쵰
޼ƿʩƿ
ôЦԸŴ򹷣׽ǡ
κβù뵽ԼղŵĿڣ˵ɨľԱ߳ЦԽԽһڵϣޡ
޵ʣ߿ޱ˵Ƕ۸ҡʦõҡءСЦҡءùϷŪҡʦ֪ءǶúء
Цʦôı£
ߡ
˵Ȼ֪ʦţ͸˵ˮϣ¡Ļʦ޵Уң֪۸ңһʬϡ
޵ôҡͷǿδأǰǰ˰ʮΣҲûռʲôˣ
㴵ţһٸš
ЦȻ֪ˮϣ¡˵һô
һ㶣˿´һ£͵һʧеǡ塯𣡡
гԼţЦԭʮδϹֻǵңɼм֪֮

ƺ޶⣬ҲǷǷ£ǺʦȼǰֻһСŮȴʦڣ۸ңԴС
СŮ
𽥽Ц㿳˴ȵСŮô
ͷһӲ˭򲻹ҡ
˵Ҳ򲻹أ
ЦҲǿȡ¡
᲻ε䶼ˣˣ
΢΢һЦľ˵ѵҡ
ľҪģһҪʲôط
Ů޶ӲȻ¡
Ц˵ŮͷֻȻͷóԡ͸¾Ƴԣ綡ζ
˵Ŵľнӹ̵һӣȥϪˮѵָߡ
λεĵ⣬˵ĺ£˫һգˮ
ľᣬ֪ģͷһܣȻһϥ򵹣ѯʣҲ˵ֻͷ
µľͼһתЦȻǺãҲͷ͸ϱΣ
ɫףᣬᣬͷˣҲŲҪСӵϱ
ЦҿǱãҲδ䲻㡣
ҲŲҪ书µĵļһҵɷ򡣡
Цſ书ôð죬ָһϣҲδ㡣
ᶢľһۣУ˵һҹһ꣬ҲֻЬӡ
ôЦЦʤ㣬ֵΣ
Ҿͼ޸ϱ
ѿڶ
ʱùЦһΪ
һҧȻһΪɹ˿ɲǺˣ˵ġ


66 貨
ЦһһӵãѾͷұܿһ԰ɣϷҪС书ˣ
ͷƲѵܿôųڣէŹ֣ͷʱһæ߾ˡ䣬㲻Ӱ
֪ߵʹ죬ʵԻһ͵ֱٴξߡ
ȻľȥϪȡʮ߿Ŷʯȡеһ࣬ȻָʯӴХûС
һľȡʯĿԣѾʶ˲ãͷһʯӱ㼤
﷢һУʯӴͷɢķ٣ŵɢȾܡ
ᣡ
ܳԶƿڴ˲治Ҫ
㻹룬СһϿ
߶ޱһܵñӻ졣
ͬʱеһߣһЦ
ȻСһ֮Ƶġ塯Сģû㣬ʵ
ЦУһӰһ˹ȥ
Ź֮һȻ鴫ֽֽ̡̡
Σɶ̽ʣ˽һһ㣬һа׺գȥ
ʽ֮죬ùһæԱ̤һһһˡ
˫һմأ鷵һʩչһƬˮէй
һʩչƣÿһнʽΪϬټ֮̽ʵˡ
ŲĲĽʩչ貨΢ֱ׷ĽŲһҲ䣬ֱָʺλ
ĲֻǻһֱԪ£ɣ齻֣ȴҲûϷŪˡ
ȳ֣ռȻ貨΢ǲѷڹԪṦʹ书һʱҲԷ̡
عԷ֮ʱȴûг֣עעµĲ
һа׺գû¹֪κβˣĸһ´˵ȸֵҲкô
Ųһͣৡһʣ塯ӣ
磬ôˣ
飬ľʮ־棬Ȼе
ľ΢΢һЦҷܣȻҪһ£Ҳ̫çײˣ֪ˮһŵɱ𣿡
ľॵ˭װǧġ
ҡҡͷûٶ˵ʲô
ľ飬ȵСַػ֮ˣ˵ʲô˵ͨġ
ң鱾Ҳмֳƪ۵ģ֮ԶľȽģȫҪ
СӣṦʲôã
Σڰ಻ס棬ʵ
дһʣϲԣȴ⣬֮ǰĳ֣Ҫע⵽ԼṦ
鵭ЦǰѧԿó貨΢׾İ˰ʮΪģĲ֮ͬ
ͷȻĲȷԪͬҿ貨΢֮ϣҪʤԪһ
Ϊľ֣ʿȲؽϲˡ
ǡãҲһÿģЦ貨΢ȷʵʤԪһ书˼·࣬ԣұһ뷨֪ǰԸԸ⣿
ǰԸ㲻ųȴҲʵѹ˾ͬ£ԼһЩ˵ѣĬĬܣʱ١
羭Ը죬˵ͷţҪá
ĺ𽥱ͷ˳õ̶ȵķӣԸԽԽһ
СʱϲС˵νֻ䣬ֻû
Ҳ˵ˣ֮Укܺõע⣬ν֮ߡΪΪ
ʵʲô뷨
˵貨΢ĹԪǰΪΣ
˵ģ
Щ⣬ҲЩ⶯
ͷȻʵġ
ˣĿģȻˡ
ԼѧһѧҪʤһģĶǲܵġ
ǣԪ֮貨΢һͬĻŹԪƺ㻻
ǺεȽˣԸռıˣΪŹԪƺ貨΢䣬˵ˡ
ãǰȻʹ죬ҲͲƴˡ
֮á
ϲһָľ̫ˣãҪСŹԪƣһԹĦɡ


67 
ŹԪԾŹ֮Ϊ졢ء֮䣬书֮иѧʣ
ȽŹԪƵĸʮöʯڵϰ˸ͼˣʵеľŹͼ
ԵʮöʯγɵľŹͼݻİ֮仯һһ
ԾŹͼı仯仯ʮ£еҲҪȫֻһ鼴ɡ
߻üܣ֮ͨ⣬ĴڣҲһ;ֻԷʵ⣬һ飬߾Ϳѧᡣ
Ȼѧ֮ҲֻһƤëʩչ㼶ܣҪȼֻȥҡ
ľַѧʣԽ£ԽϲҴӱ򣬱ڳˣ飬Ͳˡ
ֻŹԪŵĹȥŻ󣬻СĲ
Ĳ֮塰÷ߡܲ˰ˡ˲žšԪʱǴɡ
ݹ˵˾žšԪδ󺣣죬гɷ
ԾЩţȴҲ֪Ԫʵ֮иڴ
Ϊ˶Ըˮһ֡ǧĹľӦᣬֽľƣһԹۿ
ŹԪΪƷʵ˲ƷķΪƷΪ
ŹԪƴ벻һ֣ķҲΪأΪʶʶ롰̫ʶ
ľʶ֮ʱľ£Ϣ֮󣬱һֻưİٻѨϡ
ֻ̫ԷӡŹԪơҽͶԵҽȻ㣬רˡ
Ȼǹֺֻˣ˵ʲô˷ΪȻ
ڤȡ֮㣬תΪڤΪڤ֮ۻ롢ǿᣬʤĺȻ
һľͷӿ룬֫ٺʹľĵӿߣζӳ£޷ֺ
ÿľһᣬѾԳ򣬳ӯãתȥдһʱ峩ͣʮʡ
ת֮ľⷵգգ磬֮
ľ⣬ķעڷŵĹඥ֮ԹĸҲС
ľ뵽飬ûн̸ľġʶ̫͡ʶķҲϸһ顣
ŹԪƵķƷͲһֲĽһ飬ָһЩؼ㣬Ǿľ
Դ֮ǰ˵Ľףسŵ֮ʱһ˿ģȴҲֻǾŵѣԴľġ
ҲϡĺȻʹԸעȻҲᱻתΪڤ
һһѧԣеʮֳԾκѧѧһ龹ͻˣŹԪƵķ⡣
ѧŹԪ֮ǰϻʾһ貨΢㿴ˡ
׾İ˰ʮԣݻ貨΢һһʾٶȣͬʱ˹Ŀھ
һ֮ͣʵǰѧˣǷҪʾһ顣
ҡͷá
ʵ¼貨΢ݺͲȴһЩϸ΢֮ûôˡ
ֻǣղţı֣𺳵˹Ըʾ̡
ܹȥ룬еĻϲʵѴ֮һŲ貨΢ľѧܹϲ

֪˶ʱľ붨ѣֻӯ£ƺʹľ
ĹˣֻȻûйӰӣļ̌ͷ죬ֻããҹգȺ䣬Ωǣ
ľվֻֻ飬һӵɹţһЩػɽʡóǸӵĿͷ
ľһȳһգ򱱶Уһ·̣·Ӱ涣ɭɭЩˣҹУ﷢ӡ
ʱէһֻҲƵƣͷ
ľתһк·ӣ˸ա
ͷһʱɫ
һûţ΢΢һ㶣ҲûôϣЦصѽôˣڿʵʵֻˣ˭㣿
ľϰ£㡭ôҵҵģ
ڣһں£ͣĸ첲ϣһֻͺգζ״ɱڡ


68 Լ
ն·
Цܲ˵ġֽţˡǧ㡯ʮ⣬Ҳӹն׷١
ľȻزأȴûϵдһУɵй
𾿾书
Цҵʶʶ
ľѽһе
һͷȥտҲаӰʱ֪ϵٻͷһľ񱼡
ŭϣһľĺ󾱣ľȴһΣббһ߳һƲ֮壬ڿմһɲǼ䣬߽߳ţҪ
ľǰƺһƬҶӰȻ裬߹ȴûմһƬ½ǡ
Ȥ
Ц˫棬ħ֡ʩչһ˫ֱ仯ǧɲǼ佫ľӰȦС
ľֻ˫裬ƺŮɢһ㣬һʱۻң涫֮УϰһƣĳԶ
Щô
Сһ̣Ҳˡ
ľſڵϣһСӣγзִ磬װҡ
ˡ
ľ૵ص
ʲôˣ
ľڵϣĴˡ
ԶԶظţľ״̬֪ľڲŹԪƣոջ֮Уûзӳ
Ūʲô飿
ĲͷһΣʳָľġѨ
֪ľѾһЩŵŮȭߣ˲Уλȣȭûһ´ʵ
ὥȫ֣籩һ㣬ľкȥʹʱУؿڱһƷɨϢһңҪ˫֮¡
Σͷľ֮Ժֻΰһ֮УȴӦˡĿӡķһʱ⡣
֮ľԺȻƿġ񹦡סѨԼȴҲûֵ˺ãֻ߹ǾʹǶһ
龰ľΪɱǹУвɣȴƫϧ֮ģֽ⿪Ѩ
ڴˣֱˣἴʹҲǵˣŻɽʵΪǡ
Ѩһ⣬ʳָľġ̫ԨѨϣס
ûľǽĶϹǺϻԭλ֦·ϡ
ʱкȻһɫһ䣬üͷ΢΢СëȻй©ҵ١
䣬һӰ缲ޱ飬ͣڶǰ
ֻͺմ£Ъļϡȡһ⸬ֶͺסһ£Ȼչա
ĬΣ̫ˡƲƲ죬
£ľüôܺãһľ̤һ
Ҫɱô
Ц
Ȼ˲٣ɱɡ
ɱʤ֮䣿
㲻ˣҵĶ֣
ǵδء
ҵľ䣬㣬⼸ȡ
һӣ
亮
һЦãġҶûˣġС
͸˵ĹߣСô
ϻ˵ҲҶģ
ôң䱻
أõΣ
ô䣿ŵúܣˣȻһҴӽԺ󣬲̤ԭ벽
˵ľüˡ
òͳô
ںص
ŭдձҪ봨йȬˣһɱʡ¡
˺ˣô
ЦЦ
䱻סĬƬ̣ҲգҾͰߣȬȡ١ˣԺƴӡ
ЦҲá
ӻȡһƿľȵſ
ľһɣſ졣һһС
ӣлʦֵġѪ˵ʥҩء
ľ
ɫ࣬һͷߡ
˴ɽԽ룬Ƨߡ
ں棬Ҫ죬ҪܿϵͺգĵǼѣûи
һ·֮ϣͣͣľĹ²ϣÿڶг㶺Цͣ˵Цִޱߡ


69 ü
ľһһܣ俴
ѳ֮꣬ȴǸ«ǧϲ˵
ʱľ鷳֧ʹǡ
ľЩȴ⣬һ·֮ϣԽܣʹԽӴ׺ͣľ鷳
һ·ڣֹʮգ봨СֻҰǧ续Ȼ츮֮
գһգһ֧ٱӱڣ󶼹˲ʣмһãòаͼ٣֪û㶪Դ
һݣһ·ɱȥѪ׷ɣʬҰƬ̼䣬ʮٱʣһڡ
ңԶĺ󷽣鿴ǰѪɵĳüͷ΢壬ȴûгֵ˼
ĩ꣬ڽ䣬Ըܵµǹ񡢺ͱ׳תȥٸ͹ٱܽķըˡ
ٰС͢Ѳֵȥ鲻ΪΪαݣȥ̫ĴۣܼķΧ֮ڣһ֧֡
ȥաȥ衢ȥ񲡢ȥһˣžһѪкηֻ
С׷ûоͷһ棬϶ΪΪһѳģӳɡ
ʵŴ֮УѹֵþˣһӵŴ޾ڵ̬ԡ
侾סʵǴӺζ
ѻ겻壬Уһѣȫû˹ͷʣսսصССĴӡӽŹ
ŹأŹˣ
ʵ
šźνһһһ䡭ءȺףˡ
ǼһѾ˵ʱش޲񡭡ɹűǰѴݡݡ
Ҷ˵ˣŹҰɣҼлӡ
ҲգŹɡ
ῴ棬Ȼ֮ġ
ȻһЦͻؽַȥ
һޱȣ˲ƫײһôϣʱԽĽѣ鴤£ۿˡ
ЦҴҪӦϣϳɾʹ󹦣й¶ҵ١
㣬㡭ӣ
ľʬףȻ֮Ѫӿ̲סеѾ˰㡭
ɭĿľϣص˵
ľһ㶣Ͱ͵˵㡭ɱɱĵˣǡǲԣ
ͷŭ𣬺ȻСӣƵȬ˰ɣҲãҲȵòͷˣҵĺ£߹ɡ
ľ飬Ҳ˾⣬һʬףȴ̲סͷһȣѾˡ
䣬ֻһ˺գľ¿һ֫ϡ
ϷۿҪŵأľȻڵһţȻһأһڣէէ˵ؽظΣվɿ⡣
˫һУŴ̶Хٴľ˹ȥ
ڶʽХɽƾˣ֮ڣǺӰ죬̩ɽѹ󿪴أľ˹ȥ
ľֻһ㵶ϣαңȴһҶۣ˳ĵ棬˲Ϣ֮䣬಻ĵУ˳ȥ
ã
᲻
һȴƺͣ߷ߵ˼㣬ɵһХһ䣬ɱȻ
ƿնľ޿ɱܣת֮Уһ˺ĵ֮ϣõƫһ磬Ҹ´˹ȥ
䵶Ʋֹһת֮£ʹľδȣӿ£˸ףز
ܵУʤɶһȺ
ʤȯգŲæصϧҡҡͷ㻹ǵҵ
ٵϺȻ΢΢üŤͷȥֻʮʿ۵糸˹
ߣ鷳

ʮΪһסƥǸ뷢ףοߣ¡ǣ̫Ѩ߸ͻ𣬼ͷ¶׺źӧĽ
Ƕüݣ˳ơ˽һ׼һĸ֡
ݿعٱʬףɫŭĿˣǺΪ
ľȺ˲Ȱ裬һζǰǽǣеǰ
ΪΣ
ߵϹٱ˭ɱ
֮УŭʿҲ׷վ˸ԲŭĿ򣬱˹
΢΢Цٿһʧټֻһĵĵ⣬ڰƮѪĽһ˫Ŀ͹˳ʧȥ֧ţڵϡ


70 ֵ
Уˣ޲Ȼˡ
Ӷݣӵϡŭִ߳Ѩ
ֿ׼ҷ緶֮ܣҲҴ⣬صһȦ
ӡ
ľͻ͵͵ڶ𣺡߰
ľһ㶣ͷһֻվĿоǹ֮⣬Ҫ˵ˣӰ
ľ֪һߣֻԵټҡҡ˵Ứֻת
ῴ⣬ҲЩɬΣһţгӰ
ľͷҪߣͻһҽУͷһһʿбƬڵʹŤ
ɱ𣬷Х˲ݣһֱһʿ
ʿۿ쵶£һʱѪĶᵽ䣬ΪӰһٿ뵶֮У˫һ֣䡣
ľݶ֣һһ棬Ĺɲס
һʱ䣬ֻӰ䲻һԵʿһȥ
ʮУ佥סţƱǣ罭ӾΣƵ̶ľȣ˳ݶʱ·硣
УľϢһңǰһбֱ¡
ʱһ֧ƿնļͷֱָţ伱æȦغֻ쳣
δף׷أľϣһХɣһô֮
Ѧֵܵˡ
磬۶쳤⺷
ಡ΢Σ˫ٹɪС
Ȩ֮£ȻЦ󲽣ƥȥ
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δཀྵסֻһ֧û䣬һѪߴ󾱼
һʱ䣬˸ҶۿԾƥ
ľϣ΢΢һбЦЦ󡣡
ݺὣ̤ϣô
Σ
ӦһȻˣתƥ
鼤ߣҪǰ׷ϣľֵסѾˣҲֶΣҪͽ
ѵֵܾͰ˲ɡ
һ˺С
ľܱĺá
Ȼɫ࣬е¿ɸţǲµֻѪծ
һҲ𻰣˫һУǰľһۣ͸һ˿į䡣
ŵͬʬ壬ݲû뵽һսҶһɣȻ˹룬ǽλӣ֪Ǻʲôͷȴľ𣬱Ϊβԣ
ӣ
ľָԼıǼָ𣿡
˽һ㶣Ѧ۹Ȼ䵽ľľϣɫһ䣬ϸòȻѽгزǧ꣡
˴󾪣ݳɵѦ֡
ѦݴݵȻݼ
ѦĴ˽һҪڻǰңܻľݣʹҲ࿴˵ʹ̤;
¶ǧһƬ൨տɼΪǧЧѦĳ㸰𣬸ͿأҲǡ
ѦѦҲĭɽġ
ҲˣѦֵܼܱǧ갲ȻݣĳȻţҲԸβΪǧ꾡
ľ޼֮£ֻ޿κΡšһ
˼Ӧϲһ˴£ˣ̽ӵ䣬ԼѦֵӵľǰݡ
һ˳˾֮һ·ϸСģֱ˲ľԱĵز
һȴľߵĻᡣ
ԶԶظţΪͷЦȴֱԭˣηɹˣɱ̾
ʱ䣬һֱľ֤İȫûгУ貨΢·
貨΢֮רȥѧϰ׾רеδ룬һƤë˽⡣
һ仰˵úãɣǧﱼϮ貨΢ѾϤˣ֪֮Уһ
ˣ貨΢һо룬ȴҲԶӡ
⣬貨΢ֻṦߵʱһ깦
ʱ䣬ջ񻹲ֹˣÿϢ֮ʱڤ񹦣֪Լδغܺãֻܲ׾ˡ
ϰڤ֮Ѿеƿˣ֮󣬲ŲҼɸó״
µɮѹ赼ſǵģûȻ


71 ɾɱ
ĺʱ֣ƹһɽͣǰȻʡ
ֻһϸˮɽȣȻ󽭣ʱ߲δ䣬Բ³ϣ½ԣųˮƺƵɽͣվľףȥûϼ
ۣľΪ֮һǰա
֮ʣͻѦݽеǧ뿴Ǻݳˡ
ãĺУһĳǳأɽˮͷȻޣ֮ˮһǸ߰ٳߣɭȻŽɷ׳ۡ
ݳһôļǣˣҲǰһ֮УǾ񲪷֪Ѫ콾ҪһĻ飬ںݳǡ
һȺݳǳȥ˲ǰ̳һӭΪһľһϵأ˵Ҳ編ơ
Ĵʹǧꡣ
Ϊ׽ԼĪѮͣ޷߰ߵ㣬üһɰ룬ʮĿ
ľػֵǧΪӾţ;ۣĽҰôѾ˱ƼȣΪǧӷ硣
һֵǧ룡
ľɵʹ
ɫأʧ˽ţ֪Σ˳У档
˳̫ظУѾںϯһŮüĿߣľ׷
죬һƬһ֮䣬ӡľ衢ϸպ˴˽
ľȻ˶һƬЩʦҲղͣ˹ࡣ
ľҪڣӰݵڵأڷʹǧգǧ𷣡
Ħľ⣬ΪʧְֲԸǰطʧ˿ˡ֮⣬ӭϣҪشپȡ
ľҪ£Ը⣬ֻ˻ӣΪת
󣬺̫ˮͳ¡ͳڵͲͳʯ׷ǰľ
һѹҪͻأײײһʿе²á
¾ţ
Գ󽫷緶ʵ
ԭؽͶУʧݣأ̨½·ݽ
ɹŴأ̨ǰ򣬽פˮʦʷΪ˧Ϊؽ¡
ɹŴɸ뿪ɽӪʾʮפϽš
һʱ˷磬ľʼƣľ˵ɹҪٳ£սһӾʤܡ
ܾ濵ԼϯľҪ˯֮ʱһӰݶƮȻ£ͥȴᡣ
ľߵ濣ʱŭԭЩ޳ûʲô
ľû𻰣ӴƮƮ׷Ϯ΢΢Цôĵӣսѷɡ
ᡰޡһӵǰͰӶһ
ĹǿȴǰӵĶ֣֮ʧֱܣѺڸеʯ
ڶգɹ˹Ȼٳ¡
վڳͷĿԶѩ׵ɹŰƵɽһɱ紵ɵ̳ɢ֮䡣
һƺƺƺӴţƤĵļһڿбŷǵ졣
ɹŴӪˮӿڿݻƵéݼ䣬˶һſս˷˻ɹžݳǱƽ
ֻɹž޴ݣɽСͷǧǿ˴ֲڵʯǶ⣬Ͷʯʢʯ飬ϵž޴ľñֱ
ǽٲɹ˷صĺХɲǼ䣬濪ʼˡ
Źľʯ¡¡ɽϿĲҽдɹʿ﷢ǿļʸᴩƤƵؼףͭڷľʯײ£ȥѪѷɢ֮䡣
ӲصĹľײ˸ʵݣʿǱѹ棬˺ѷεĺС
ǿʸʯ£ɾЩסˡξʿؾԶĽңӦþò
ݡӰڿһξ˸£ڿд˸մѪĻĲݼ䡣
ξһʱƿڣۿȥֻһƥëһ۽޹ңָͷ
ֻݡһڶֵ֧ˣ͸һξƲֹûͬѡ
֧ۼֿ죬һȿϣʧ׼ͷбƫ䴩һױԴ
մǰɹŴܣɽƵĴ󺰣Ųյսǰ
ʸʯ£ɹžӶż꣬ݣսʿڳ¶Ѫʬѣڵʹʱʱ乭ÿһ˵£鷢ͷξվռ˵ְʱɾˡ


72 ɹŻʵ
ڵ٣Ӿӵ
ӦܰӺ·ԣվ첲šȡ
пǧξӳ·ĵ棬˵ɹŴгƬּʸ磬ɹ˲ҽ֮ʱ쳹
ڵӾ󣬴һɹ˶ӳ֧飬ףһȣһ˳ǹƮѩҡ
һǺŵļƳգ´ս˾ޱ䣬ɹŴƶΪ󣬰ңϻ⻬Ļߣ̼佫ڵİǧݳǷָ
չ£һ֧͸ڵûУڵǾͶɣӲ쳣һȻķ֣סʹӾͻΧ͸Χ룬ӭһǹڵѪ棬Ե£˲䱻Ҿ̤һࡣ
ξĴҡɹŴһһңʶǹ֮ˮѩξƵȻ޴棬һʱѪɣɹʿţƤľףݳҲΪ֮𶯣޲ʧɫ
½ǹϣ񱼣ȡ¹һǧ򳤣ڷɳһӦҵ¡
¾ǹХ
ξһɱ¾ʮȥĳɣҲûͷӬײХҲ٣³˹ȥǴɹžʧ죬һʱ˷磬ɳۣҿɲǼ䣬ʮˣξʿ񣬸ƴӲǽɹͰս忪һӡ
ƥХյˣ
ºƱ۾ֻӹһʣȻɴʯڹϣȻһյڶ֧ͷͷأ׵ͷɢ
ľ֮࣬Ҳʾ֮ʣŲȥղùδ֣֧ǰֵѦֵܡ
ճ֣ѦݡѦѦֵܣȺ
ʲоͻΧǹͻɱ󽫣սˣӾػذأԼǹӭ¡
ףǹȴСһ֧ǹԳٳ¶˸൱
ƣʾǾԮڳɱûڵأɹű£ξҾսˡ
ɹŴأ̨ڱ״֪ѵʲôˣǸϣͷȻҼ£ձ
һս˫˲أɹžδξǧɥ˴룬ѩϼ˪
ϢվڳһǣųµѪսֻѪڣ޲߳ǹݺս
Ҳ֪ڻʱʱ棬ս֮Уɱ

һգڳսξĻ׳ز
ֹЩӣɹŻʵɸ羹˺ݳ¡
ڰӵͬ£ľϳ¥
ԶɹŴɽҰգʿնһֹƣ˿
֮ϣƺƵ˳£ξˮʦңңԡ
ۺݣͷϰʮھ޹ŻͣϢĶʯľѻɽ
ʮҲ𣬾׳ӾϳƳǣţľʯ
Ʈ𣬽޶ɹŴһ·ɽҲΪ֮
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Ĺ˫սײһսʿᣬûĲ𹭼ǹڴɱֻѪˮ졣
½ϹӼңɹŴĹǣǰ̣һξˣֱѣʹѪɺӡ
Ƭ֮ɹŻʵɸ絽˳££⡰֮ţƺţֻеܱܹǡɹŵһ֡˼
ΣЩɹźúóƣҪ˳ǣȮ
עĿµĲɱɸ֮
ɹԳɼ˼ʼʵۣΪɱʹѪݡ
ݳϣƫƧһǣԶ·ɹűԼеһ֧ëЦɱɸ£
֮У⣬ɱɹŻʵɸ磬Ѫ콾磬ȴҲԸѷˡ
ȻֻкȻð뷨벻ɣҲȷȴҪԹС
ɸأ̨˹ţʸʯ裬ɹսʿŵņ̀ݣѸ͹ǡ
ξʸ£ɹŴ˲ء
ʾͻţҴɱ¾һȣɱˣԶ׻ζأ̨
쿪ʯ̥󹭣ż
һСӡ¿ҵı¡
֧һ߱ÿһвͬľ;ǰײʱŮɢĴҴܣأ̨Ķ·һӷ
أ̨һᴩۣ¡


73 
սСʤֵĺݳǴЩ
ɹűϾƴɸʧһԱ󽫣ŭģҹش߶ǡ
ݳα˾ײеɹűʹѼսƾУԼսʮգƳɽ֣ʤѷ֡
ɹž˲أξҲʧ᣻ɹ˹Ȼʿ䣬ݳҲҼҾТ˱š
аײߣɹŴڻݣϸաݵԸ棬Ψľ費ɫ

磬ͷ£ʧ˹ߡɹŴӪ⣬ƺϵȺǡ
ȻԶһǻ𽥽ˡԽԽԽԽƺһֳȵ̫ӱ
ˡ
ͷ
ƽɹӪУ˺˻ǻҡ
ɹӪƿҴҶʮͷɳ۶һɹβ׷
һٶˣȻ˴룿
ѿڽе
Щһǰһ󣬱ƽݳǽľе򿪳š
ڽһ㶣ɣǺӸϵ̫ǿţӱȻû

Ӵȡ
һˣʮӳͷ䡣
µøϵݴԾץס䣬㵽˳ͷϸҲץסԹϺں棬䵹ӣץסһ
ɹ˵ļֱ꣬ǽͷϸкú԰һ
ϸֱۣʮɹһϵ£ۼҪѪɡ
ͷ֮ϣͻһӰԽ£磬ƴӳֱԾһ㣬ϸɼһֻһֱץһ
һ˳£һƬҫϵǳʮɹʿ׷Ѫ¡
ͷ֮ϣ˴Ӿϲ̫ˣֳˡ
磬ҵ
ľϲּų´󺰡
֣ȥɡ
նɱʮɹʿľǰĿյץסϸգס
ϸյԸȻȽϻ𱬣ȴǶˣҲǹ֮ģ˲ɲȣһЩúҲӢۺܣӦ˳־֮
ڳµļλϳͷ֮һץסӰ̣ųȥ
ٶȼ죬Ϣ֮䣬׷£ǡڴʱһ
⾢ƽʸڰգۼܲһ̽һĨ⣬ƽĻʸɡ
ϲȥɡ
һµļһᣬ»һߣ䵽˳ͷ֮ϡ
ౡһڶֵˣХ̶ԼɭɭĺâдΣ֮С
̽ķâѩһʣʸʱΪ˼أȴҲоһ𣬵²ҵżڳǽ㣬һ㣬ųͷȥ
лԮ֮¸м
Ÿո䵽ͷһ񣬸мĵ
ȡջɹŴݵ֮ѽ֮ˣûԻŻȥȻѡ
ϸлպϵɽ»𺣣ֻһ仰
ʹϸҲˣϥ£ָмص
𣬿𡣡
æ΢Ц
ºϸ֮л־֮ˣ⣬ľͰҲʾл⡣
˵л⣬Ĺע˿ռӡϣʾѾһ񣬻ǧ
ռϵΪ߽ͨͨռ֮ʱռȷ֮󣬻Сջ
ͬûȷؽ綨ǻھ֮У֮󣬻зĽ
ûκεʾһѷ֣˵ˣϤĻһЩԤС
£ͼƻ˵ģΪˣҲв²⣬Ϊһ㡣
֤ʵĲ²⣬£ϸҲһ㣬Ҳǧĸ߽

Ϊ˾ᣬںݳкɱˣ䵶µľϰ֮࣬Ѫɺˡ
Ϊ˱ӷϢʱڳǶһһʦûʱɡ
µĴ۱֮Уͦ˫ֱڵϣסƿڴ
ľҲڴ˴ȴֻһԣδֹӴıΣᡣ
֮䵽
һЦָͷȻ㻹վᵶذգҡͷ
ôѵҪʦóԾͷŶ֣
ЦԷ
ΪʹЩֶΣ޻˵
ǺॡһԣƵضŰӣɸµʿǺˮһͽܣֵΣ


74 ̵
⻰һ˵鰵ãⷬô˰ӵߣԼʦʮ𾴵ģΪһҲܷ
飬Ӿͳ׾ӣС˾ͳСˣȥҪЮ䣬սԲֶΣ˾ܷǾΪ
С֮٣ɴС˵׺ˣӻҪһЩߣ飬Բˡ
Ҳ֪֮Уĳ֮ˣΪΪ׼ͻƲ˵ߡ
һӵȻʦýҲҡ
ȶһԣҰУʼգǹͽܡ
룡
˸̤һ
ͰӶ˷˰УƷ絽ľݡ
Ȼ롰񹦡ˣУáС졣
˸ƽ£ĶˣոȬʱþˣȻи֮ףҲЩ͡
ǿ̼䣬˫ػס
ü΢ʽɼɼ˫һȭգ١һʮָٿصľƿն
·ָǧĿؼҡ
һŵƮȻ̬֮ɫ£ʽ󿪴أ糤ǹᣬ磬쳣ѧа֡ɿɽʯȡ󿪱֡Ҫʮ
˫ȻϷ࣬Ѿ˽ĵزȷۻҵĴհٱľ˿صľָ֮䣬ƶž졣
˺עһƴ˸Դ߶״ʯΩ뷢
ϽϣڽѪ
ἱỨתеʦ֣֧ס㡣
ǰһɫӰľǰų϶ˣ΢΢һЦʰϵĺαɣ
󾪣޳֮ͽ֮Σ
δ䣬ֻһľӵϴȥ;ȴһתնӵС
ǧһ֮ʣһӰƮȻ۱֮Уֻϡһľеĺֶɣһһľϵ±Ϊ롣
һնɱľ裬ͣһִֻ˰ӵļ֮ϣڤɽ鱩ӿڡ
Ӻ䶼Ѫ콾Ķ֣սʤһߣΪʵѷָ¡
˾²жʮΪʱȴԴԴӿڡ
һֱԸ潻棬ɱûаգɽһٻɱΪ˵ȴһ̡
ǰԱڤ񹦼ȡѾȫˣΪ以ƴһ̣ǧѷĺûᡣ
ڤ񹦾ѧȴҲܵģһΪ΢ߣڤ񹦣Ҫȡһǿߵ̫ܡ
ǶԷû׼ߴһص״̬֮£Ӻƴлᡣ
Ŀǰıڤֻ㼶Ҫڽ֮Уȡ߰ӵǲܵġ
˱ƴ˹ؼʱ̣֮ʱǱڤ񹦷Ĵʱˣ˵ȡ
оţ񽭺йˮһƬ֮䣬࣬Ͱӵɫˡ
˷ҪѣȴܣڤʮԵѾγ˹ԣסˡ
ӣһѱˣ˫ӵƣ¡
һֶ̽Ϊһ⣬ţ˵ذϡ
ʦ֣
һҽУԴһѣˮ䡣
ľٲزȥˣһ³ȥסҪᣬне㡭ôˣ
Ƽڰӵļ֮ϣּȡһֱеӿͣ֡
һϰӵһټԭıڤ֮񣬵ﵽʮҡ
һƣӵһΣԶԶأ;ɲĿ⣬顣
֣ոô£ҵΪλԴԴϵкȥ
ӳʵ
鵭һЦܵҵһѧл󷨣ɻȥղżУֻɱ䣬ûյס֣бǸ
ʮʧ˽֮࣬ȻвˬҲһ÷
ֵľô£ղţҪɱң˼⡣
ľ豾ɹˣǱιΪڼ飬һʮ֮ã٣Ҳ͸¶ġ



75 ݳ
Ѫ콾ľ飬˲һĻͼذˣ֣һؽʧء
鼰ʱ֣ǬڼȵҲ̵֮٣ջǼ࣬һ񣬻ջ
ʮǧҲ˵նɱ䣬鿪ı֮УѧΪħ֡
֮⣬ڵϵĺҲƷҪֱӿԴռ䡣
ʣʵͣΪĿ꣬ŻʣȻЩźָûб
նɱľı䣬ջȣֻһЩѪҩ¼ֵһǧ㡣

ڷʸڿнҷҵĴ죬ÿ˵ĶġµɹŴոӣһƬһƬĻȳ棬һȺһȺ󺣵ĲΣֹĴźݵļǡ
ӽסľ׿ͷھƮվŰӡ¡ϸաݵȡ
ȻɹŴ󺰣ʮɾһȱδ£˳¥ǹɨ£޲ҡ
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տǰ飬һʮľ
ľ羵ҲУǰңƶùļ˳Ʒڳ¥϶һš
ȥŨŨѪˮֿʿ䣬ٷٽľԵ֮³һսڣ
³ϣξƣ޲۷ԲӦڳڣ
쫷ԶԶڰɽˮХþò
ϣɹ¥ƿγأӽˮţ󣬺ˮš
̶ĺХ𣬳ͷƴɽȻʸʯһɹսҡ
ʲྫҾͻͷңӦսɹݺ֮
ɸŭ⼯½ϱ͹š
ľ״ȻǧͻţػصɹŴ棬ǿӲɱɹһֲ
ɸ籩ף󷨣˶ӷԼԻӶëٰ˸˶ӣš
Ѫսãľʯʣ࣬ľһƣ԰˰پİٹ֡İٵ֣ڳͷɿڴ״һȱڣӹ롣
ľչ¶һߵĴӡ
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ʱɹֳ忪һٳߵĴӡʿȿֺǸȱӿȥ
ͻǳʿƵ£Ҫôɴ⬣Ҫôͷʬȱٴηϡ
˷ΣɹŴʧء
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޿ɱܣֻýһᣬա𣬱ʯǰ
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տϵĵѣס룬ɸ籧ɱ
ľ״ɽڶ
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ջڿѣ£ŵһɸ緢񱼣ʤ
ûᣡ
ʱ˫һ
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ʱɸˣɹŴ糱ˮȥʱ̣һõĻᣬݴ
⣬֮⣬黹б뷨һԣɱɸ磬Ľ
ɹŴˣȥɱһ󣬿ɸԴ
ЦУһֻһ㣬ӳͷ¡
ٳ߸ߵĳǽ֮ǰԾ£δǿ貨΢ķӣȻȻһ̨ס
֣ɣĪ׷
һľٶӴ󾪣æе
ӣ¡ϸաݡľˣǴ󾪣ΪҪðգһ֮ǧ
ȥ
գת
ɳ嶯



76 ǧֻ
ͻȻ֣һֱ֮ǧӡ¡ľϸһڣǴ󾪣æȰ衣
ɣ˵Ȱ裬޶ã˫չһֻһ㣬ųƮƮ¡
˫һ䵽أ貨΢ʩչ黯Ϊһ̣ǰɹŴȥ
Զ˵ɹŴһ˵ǹƥɱ⣬ȴҲûô࣬һģ˶ѵ
һǧָ֮£İɹŴ뽫һתеĳǹ֣ȥ
żڵһ㣬߸ԾһɹŴ֮У̽ȦɫĽ貣ʮѪ
󵹵صʮɹʿŲֹǰɱȥ̽ķâз׷ɣѪɽ
ɹŴȻͣɱ֮£ֵܵƬ֮䣬ѾɱһƬ
ֻ̽Ҳûţ貨΢ÿ֮ʱڵһѡ
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ľʱ俪Ķ٣ֵߣСҲⲻǣʰȡһЩҲǺõġ
ǧСæǲܱǹ͹ӿ
һŶƣǰ棬һǽһһӶӵǹڶܱ֮ǹǹ֡
һ乭һ֧֧ļʸ缲һ㣬¡
֧Ѹ͵£ĺХ֮쳹ܼ飬޿ɱܡ
貨΢ǿ֮ɶʮɾҮɺɣһ㡣
貨΢գֻƤëܼÿһֻܲлֵ̽
һ顱֮У̽һȦ⣬Х֮£ķɻնӭļʸ
Աڤ񹦼ȡͰӵ֮ıڤѾʮ֮ˣӿȣޱȡ
һ˿˿͵ĸоʩչ
ȥڶʸĽżһɹʿԴһ㣬顱һԽĽ֮£һԾһڹ֮С
磬һڹ֮г۳ңĽ֮£һſͷ­˲ƹ֮
ͣɹǧ󾪣ָߺȵǰǰɱ
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֮ϣһĨЦ̽һӭȥֻáꡱһնΪأһߣɹǧնɱ
סʱ䣬һŽɹǧʬƥǰȥ
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ڲյĻ֮£ɸѾȥеԶˣٲ׷ȥĻҪˣ˷һ
ݳǵĳͷ֮ϣңңɱɹŴ֮Уһ֮޿赲ӣΪ𾪡
ӾȵֵΪʵǿҲ˶ǧ䲻Ҳ
ǧ֮꣬ˣʵ˴֮ǧ򲻿ɹžУǧ귢ǾԮ

ǧ귢
ǧ꣬ɡ
ϸաӺݵˣһ
΢һ£ľã
ݳǵĳŴ󿪣ǧ˳ǰӡ¡ϸյȣһȱ
ɹŴ֮ͻףһɹʿ̽ݺᣬһ֮С
ɹžеĶڱˣæǲǧΧɱǹּ꣬޴ӡ
ǿǿȴϾǷĽ齫̽ټҲԵеļʸ
ټʸϣȴд̽ڣ̵·ϣͻᱻһ
ڤ񹦣ҲֻƤëŽ㼶һμȡʮֲͬһʱ֮䣬ȫ⡣
ڣһҪйĳ嶯ȫĵ֮£·΢΢ˣΪһһ㡣
ǧ磬ϣ岻ǰȥȥƥΪ壬ǰԾȥ
ಡ
ǧ֧ʸ飬ȳ棬ӭϣһֻܻ̽סš


77 ѳɱ
裬𣬽ļʸȥ䲻ʸ֮һƬ
米۾ĽŲһسɴһ㣬֮⣬ȴԶ㲻һƬꡣ
ɹŴ֮Уʿ̫࣬ǧ֮ݺᣬ죬ͷܲβ
֧ʸϣ󲿷ֱһȴһֱƨϣһĵʹͷ
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һԣƴϸǿ۷Ź⣬Ŀ⣬ѾһЩ֮飬Ժ֮⡣
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ٴδǰȥ֮ʱƴϻûҸȥԶȥıӰįкڡ

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ʹһ룬ʮ㣬ĿǰҲκ߿óģ鶼òôţһ죬µġ

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ڽץһˣʵ磬֪ôߣ
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踮֮ǰһƬžһ֮£һЩΧۣһ˾֪ǰҰɫ䣬Ϊš
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86 ڶɱ
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87 
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88 
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ȻʲôڵŶˣɽһңҲɱˣϼ£Ӧ©֮㡣
ʲô㡭ɱҴʦһң
·һը˵ƵԴϣһʱ󾪣
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ججƬ̣ƲȻѣʵ̨֡ûмʦãݷ
ͷˣҲ֪ݷŮ
Ƶ˫۶Ȼɴ󣬲ŵĺŮʦŮˣ


89 彣˫
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Ǿ磬ȴһ޵ļ֮⣬޲ɱ֮ˣԣԸɱ䡣
Ǿ޵ļˣԶȥ֮ϣ䡢˪ƺݷԼĲˣΪˣ뱣֮
֮У˲Ʊ岻ԣʹȻ˴Բ֣ɱֹɱһƬǬɱһƬ
˪ԭ³ǼΪҵģ˫˫ֻܺһ𣬺䱯ա
񣬶˿һȥӣʽ£֮ܶ仹һЩͰǵٲˡ
˼һЩĽᣬ޷˪µһԣ⣬Ҳ粻֮࣬˵˶䣬ֻҪĥһ죬˪ⷬԵġ
ڵƣΪ̫˻콭ڽдȻҪԿģԣȰ˵涡ӡ
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ݷʶ˲Թ֣ԵƵ飬ģûɰԧ졣
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˶͵֮һĿ꣬ǻɱѪ棬ֻǣȥѪ棬һ⡣
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㡭
ָ飬㷷ͷһ˸ĺ⣬һĻȥ
ʱֻáᣬᡱһŽ߳
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Щη͵һ飬û㷷ͷ漴ɫתΪ߰ǡ彣˫أֲǵҫ
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Ÿӣʮ꣬һθݡϳ˵ǸŮʮͣƮƮһƵĴ󻨣ݰۣòΪ
жޣƥһĸͷѵõǻȫƣȫףϾûһë
¹һƽ壬ǰͷ΢һڶ㷢֮ǲͬᡢᡱģΪද˵˿׳


90 Ѫ
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ХƳۼµĸڣ˵٣˭ʹİһ죬˿Ѿסβϵ˻ˮϵãƣǼѪġЫβڡ
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㷷ͷ΢΢Цֽ䵥˵彣˫⼸괳˺ôͷﲻǲ֪۵ͷϣֻҲûôס
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㷷ͷأԿӲ˵ʲô磿
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пʮиС֣ХˮһС
һСѾȫ۹·˷ʱעΧĶ
С֮黹⽫ѪźѪХˮԳ˶ѪŵʮʹޣХǿڳԵѪɮҲϡƽͶ仨ˮĴͬʱ֣ǡ彣˫ӡ
ŵһϸɿݵ˵Ͳ󣬿С
һ۵ĺվͼϣͷ϶ƣϴѪɫɮۡ
֪ຣѪɮһɣХˮɫٱ䣬дϲ֪ɮѪ档
Ѫ磬۽ХȥХһжδֵˣȥ
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˫أٵѪ𾪵Ĵ飬ʵǺˣԭλ֣ǽ䣿ԣЩӦûôᡣ㵽Ǻˣ
Ѫ𺳣Ѫǣ񣬼ոǿΪԭѷ֣ݺ꣬Ҳȷʵˣ룬վ˸֡


91 ׷ɱ
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似ѪʤҶ֪֮ûһζʽԼ̡֮֮


92 ɱ
ʽѪ棬ֻڽ͵֮Уһʮ֮˵ʶս֮УռϷ硣
ʹ˼ƵѪһˣһϣϷ⣬һɭɭĽѪؿڡ
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֪ԼΪ磬ɣԽӽ֣ѪԽеʶ˼ࡣ
Ѫȥ̽Ѫĳ֣ԽˣӲ˼ĽǶȣն顣
ѪŹ֣бͳĵѪ潫Ӷ֮ʱһʱʹæˡ
ƵЩæңѪȴҲķȦ̽סţÿһγ֣ǽХѪ治ҹø
಻Ѫɫ⣬նԼΧУüͷ΢ʶȥУ˼䡣
ʽϣ䲻Ѫ棬ṦȴаգһƿѪ֮һ̤ˡԪı仯
ĿǰṦ貨΢ԪУ貨΢ѧԪĽѧ
ŹԪѧȴǰķƷģ۹Ԫвס
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貨΢һĲѾ˴ʱ貨΢Ȼ׼֣ȻʩչĲ
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նҲ࣬ƹ󷽣Ѫ治ñܿһбֱֱײȥ
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Ͼۻ룬Ѫ澡жȥһЩȴشɫһףһѪ˿
γ嵽ĻУѪһƣ顱һ֮ϣȴе࣬һǿء
ϣڲ£ֻޱȣѪһƣûκֺ
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ɡ
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ٺ٣˹Ҳ֣Щǹġ
ңԶЦ
ǰɽϣԼߡ֮⣬ϸϸֱ棬ʮ
ԶĶԹ˴ͭ䣬зƷֱΪһ顢һһֻС
ǱϤˣѪһڵصѪѲټ
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ֽһֻд򿪣һöͨ嵭졢״Բĵҩҩ֮ɢ
һµҩĽܣһöѪ裬ͬ裬ߵΪֻǣû󣬿߰
ѪǺöֿĵҩǺö˵á
һöѪ裬Ĳ̫أʮҵĻڤδȫգһЩҲûʲô塣
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ٴηųǧա鷭һʮﱼķѪѪѱɱǶˣҴظɡ
ʾڹ֮棬ɽȣԶԶͳȥһʮ˺Ȼʧɫ
һʮﵽ˸ǰֻʯһͷϺУûϢڸո˵֮ˣȴֻɿһȥıӰ


93 ɱ
һգԵĳǽϣȻʯˮд֣ÿֶǳԶԶ
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ǽϵ֣µģǾ֣ϡʫѡҳԪµıء
Ѿ˴󲿷ֻ֣ʣһͿԳˣɱԴƽݳ
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Դƽݳʲ䣬򿪣ǽ֮⣬һƿҩһԪ
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94 
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һͨ£ˣЩݵڵͶӰ磬˵۶ɵģͶӰ籾䲻ʶȴγһ۶ɵķʶƽʱɫһΣͶӰ鷢ʶᷴ
ҲΪͶӰ˵۶ɵģ磬ʷԸĵģǾǡˡ
ڡˡĳ֮£Сĸı䣬ûʲôʹնɱһͽı񶼿ʹֶȥһռ´󲿷˵Ĳܲ١ȨͶӰķʶһѡ
ǻǧľ䣬̫࣬۶ɵķʶ̫ǿвǶֻ֣취ֹ·
ȻҲзʶôǿͶӰ磬ԶԸˣǲѡ
ԸʴҲԸ󶯸ɸ꣬һȫսʹʤˣҲԪˣòʧ
ͷ²С˼ǲȥռս²ܲٵ
ǵģһ㷢ڿռķΧ֮ڣߵĽ
õģ֮ǰҪȴһͷϵ顣
ûôԥʹӦ
άԼռ棬άԼ棬϶ƴǣʵʱ䶼ûУͣҪռս


 ֮ս
֮ս֣


95 ܲ
ǾһУֻСջһ˰ǧ㣬Ϊ˼ڲ£һǧ㡣
֮⣬ջһѪһѪһվǽһöѪһЩڷõҩ
𣬸ѧѧˣţֻʣһѪһǽѪ裬˽
⣬ֵһǣǰȥĶѾȥһ֣ջʮıҡ
฻˶ԣʮıҲʲôʵҪ̫ߣνСЩǮѾʱõġ
˺֮ǣȼ־ȥľ硣

ʮ궬ʮһʮգʣƽ˾ܲٴҹڴ󴬰ھƣڽ
ϣ¹࣬յóͬܲٵϴ󴬣Աߡ
ͷ֮ϣվžʿһվñֱгüϣԱ뺷֮
ʿ֮Уһ飬ռαװͨĲܾʿûκ˭쳣
ΪͨʿΪ㲻κγվͦ۾գһµġ
ɫнɽ续ʹòܲĻϲ˵˵ЦЦ
ʱ󷢸пҪշϣƽ£ͬʱ褡³࣬ͬҡ̩ɽʱ̾껪ˮѾʮ꣬˶⣬Ѷǽӵͭȸ̨ꡣ
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˵ܲ٣ɲ˵ǾԣҸˣ˸ңɼ֮˽
˽֮⣬ܲٻĺһĸͺˣרޡ
̸Ц̣ѻУϷȥ쳪ԾƵ裬ΣƩ糯¶ȥտ࡭ϡȵϷɣѣ֦
֮սǰϦиڽһͳܲ־˴ǧŴĶ̸С
ܲٳգͣһЦݴʷȴվָ֮ܲԲʹòܲٴŭһô𥡣
ڹٴ󾪣ɢ
һԣŲܲٵΪһۣԴκ£б֮ȴҲʵ顣
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գãһƬ֮սڽҪ
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ܲ˵û𹥣ֵ¡ֻ磬жϷ磿λоλڶϣҪŻֻԼҪʮСˡ
ڽ˵ة߼
ʱȻڲܲٵ֮ϣӺһ˿ûбֳκ쳣
ռսֻΪ˱סܲٵŤתǬܲٻҲԸֺá
˵ȥ߲ܲ٣˵ԽϷ磬ӪҲδš
ʱܲѾ˴ʤˣΪսʤ˵Ⱥͼᶨýԡ
ʮֻپսˮֻһս˱ܣͱһǹ̩һϿˮС
ս֮УȻ֮Уߵټǵĳ·ͨʿͬϢ
Щּݣɱ𱱷ˮ֣Ϊ񣬻Ϊ˵ı䡣
һɱܣæתͷƴӴܡƸӦҲɱˡ

սȡʤȴûʤڻ׼ɽ̨̳߾ɣ㡣
˴Ŷݼ飬绽̨꣬ҹϴ硣
ҹϴ褡ա³ƸǸ׼˿촬ʮֻͷܲ󶤣װ«έͣͲǺã졣
褵ǲø˲УϰߣȻðܾɽֱȡ֣ٻΪţ̫ʷȡɸӦͳϮ谸ǧ

ƸдŸܲ٣˵ҹͶܲȻƸϢϷ𣬳˵ζϷ磬Ԥ
ܲٲΪȻЦ˵һ֮ʱûϷ磿
ĸıĻȥˣ֪ܲٵдһܣǰȰ˵Ҳܵӡ


96 Ӫ
ʱƸǵС飬˵褷ýƽ޷۶ɻƽѲߣóô˻ᣬɱͷľ
ʱ𣬲ӿ
ܲڴϸңԼһӴʻˣϳ϶죬дŻƸǵ֣ϲҲ
˿̵Ĳܲ٣ֻ־ȴ֪Ǵͷ֮սһܣɴ˶ʼ
ԶȻĶϷ磬ܲٲΪȻȴ벻Ϸģбһܣʮ⡣
趫һΣΪֻԤ׼˽ڻжϷ磬Ļʲô
ҲΪģɣͶӰ֮Уȴһˣ趫֮٣ı¡
֮Уܲ١Ȩǣȴǣ֮ӣѷڲܲ١
ԣҪɵʲôģϲ̫ܡ
ԽԽ˵թأЩḡ˵ҹǶϷ磬ܲ
ܲʡʣ˭ȥǣȴѾˡ
ƸʹʮӭȥУةͣ£ê
δ䣬ƸмڴС´ңԱӡ
ƸǰѵһУһ𣬳ŷƣֱײܾˮկ
ܾס޷ܣתۼ䶼ȼ졣
ƣֻƬ̣֮ϣȼһƬֹҲֹס̱ԭ֮ƣӲӵĻ棬ҫһƬա
ȼһƬ֮ʱ˷ӦԾ˽Уȴûе뽭ˮǸˮϡ
Ľ£һľ壬ڤ߶֮£һ㣬Űȥ
ʱ֮ϣܾҳһƬ׷ˮУᴬߣޱȡ
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Ƹʿ䶼СϣðŨһѰܲ٣ͼԶ
ܲ޴ӱܣɼСѲܲٽСżȻͷˮϻж飬һ֮£е⣬ѵ
ƸǼ筺۵ߣ֪ǲܲ٣ߴϡһлƸ磬ƸˮܲٲŵѣǰկҲɻ𺣣Ѿҡ
뽯ա̩·ɱܲˮկܾǹмˮģǧ
ò·ܾӪУһУ˷оҲŻӦ谡ϮͷŻ
֮Уֿ˻ԾߣǶʹõҲǸѧɣܾս֮ʱȽϻͷӲƴ
ҲóЩߵĹޣԶ˵ĴڣǷֱ·ˡ
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ʰﻤסܲ٣ڻдУ鲻ó貨΢ʩչٶȲѷڱɸʤ
ɼǻ˵ֵֻܲñ֡
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սһߣܲٱָǷľȱȨѶ˺·ڣ̫ʷ½ѷϱɱֻܲߡ·AϺ
׷Զˣܲٽע⵽һԵ飬Ͼʵɳɻɷ׷
̤֮ˮУͽпⱼܲٶΪزѰ֮ʿ̽һ
Ųͣܲ࣬΢΢֣ةˣҷʿֻС˵С
Ҳûʲôϣֻش𣬲ܲЩʧӣȴة֮ǣһǿġ
ܲٴϲǱлɳˣҴ˴Ȼл
鵭ͷӦ¡
ڲܲٵĻǲ̫ŵģ֮£ûܱ̫
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һεʵڷһɣɵ㣬ȴûһ㾪档
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䲻ö࣬ȴҲһʲСľ޿ˣ̵ܹһʣ黹ǲġ


97 ս
ߵ⽥ԶܲٷΧɽվľЦ
ʣةЦʲô
ܲ˵Ц褡ıҪñͻһ֧
δ䣬ս֮£죬һУҷʦڴ˵Ⱥʱˣ
ܲŵüʱЦةĪס
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ȥͽ֮Уƿɾӵڶǹڲܾɱ߽߳ʵǿᡣ
֮Ϊǰ֮ʱеżż棬һź
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һȣȥ
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顱һǹײһһɷ֮ԶԶصƿɣƮƮء
Яǰ֮ƣҲ赲ˣ˫߸𣬷һ೤˻ҵƿ֮߳û
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ǣֻʹ׾ķֻһӣ򵥵һУһʮᷢӵ쾡¡
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黺ȥ˵úÿһŲ£ڵϲȳһǳǳӡǣվڵ߰˸ӡ
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ꡱһеĳãڳܲ˫ֵһ¶Ϊء
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ܲپʿȡʳ˵ˡ˶ȥʪɹƥժ˰
ܲ£Цڹ˵ة෽ЦΪʲôЦ
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˵ţֱɽڰڿһ֧Ϊ׵ŷɣУȥ
ܾɥ˵
ʱʮĴȣݵò񣬿
һ·У˿ƣ̬ˣҲûʲôӰ죬ѡ
ܲٴϲæɳǾͰˡ
֪ҳһ˳ǹȥսŷɣԳǹʹУŷɵ£ܲٵѣڽ
ŷɵİìͣҲСƵС˶٣ļɷ棬ȴвơ
ʮıڤȫֱϵֹǧÿһǹ£ΪС
ŷɷսһսʮּңйأŷռЩ΢Ϸ磬ȴ̫κε顣
ŷɴǵˣǴоӣŷսѷ꣬Ҫŷɡ
ֻǣŷɵս𼫸ߣͨʿ岻ȥŸм˿ѱһǹ
һ֮ڣս廢еˣԼһЩԸּܲѾӵԶˣսȥҲû˼
鳷ߣŷɻ׷ɱһȴһֱκβ飬ֻˡ
׷ϲ֮ܲʱͣ·֮ǰδһ΢һԡ


98 ݵ
ǰ·һ·һС·òܾһʱ֪ǺãܲϸߴۿС·мð̣߻ݵ
ʣ̴Ϊʲô·
ܲ˵˵ʵ֮ʵ֮ɽ̣ʹҾС·ȴڴ·ңƫļơ
΢΢ҡͷа룬֮սһΣѲܲдʮɵƣÿ֮УӹعѻݵҲԤ֮С
˵Ϲ֪ܲþùȥ飬ΪƨͶӰ֮УӦġ
ġˡȷʵòܲڻݵҪˣϹ֪пܡ
ة࣬Ųߣ벻һ㣬ʵ֮ʵ֮һ˵ȴʵʵ֮ԣǧĪ߻ݵ
æǰȰ˵
ܲٲΪȻɳñ֮ȴδôϤ߻ݵһȫ
ܲٱֵʮƶǲɣڱӲܲٵָ˻ݵ
ܲûͬԼ鲻еʧԤϣԲܲٸõӣö֮󣬲ô׸ıġ
ֻǴһԵ뷨ϲҲǣԼ񣬿϶ôɣߵĽ棬ɱ⡣
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ǰͻȻͣ£ȴǿڻˮ㣬ǰܲپǿ׳ĵ·˲еߡ
ܲŷ׷ɡҡ๤ľͿʬ·
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֮ܲΪֶΣ֮ʱ˵Ǿ䡰Ҹˣ˸ҡԣչ¶š
˼·ƽ̹ܲټֻʣˣûһ¼룬Ц
ʣةΪʲôִЦ
ܲ˵褡֮Ҫڴ˴һ֧Ƕ־ˡ
δ䣬һһ죬عУסȥ·
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ܲæȡ
ıڤһҹϮҲ졢ģֻ״̬֪㡣
ܲˣ죬ֻһЩоͽҲò
裬ϣսϣۺڴôעţʾѹܴ
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ʲôһҪذ
ܲٷȻ˵һֻþһս
ڽ˵Ȼ˲£Ҳˣôս
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۾һô˷УѣæȰ˵ܲȥ
أܲҲ˲ˣֻԶУæǰǷ˵ɺã
ع˵ĳʦȺةʱ
ܲ˵ұΣԵΪء
ع˵նĳ󡢽֮ˡ
ܲ˵նˣɷΪӦαأ
ȷɽ֮ˣԿ۵ˣΪ˼ΪܲȰ˵վ
תȥʿɢڿ󲿷־ʿȴжʮ˿
Ȼÿʲסȥ·
ܲٺڽȥ·֮ˣС⡱һ£ȵ
ܲ٣ˣŭԹ콵ͷд˳֮ܣҵȱʹݵ
ʮ֮Уһ˳ָܲ٣ŵĵ
ɨһۣ鷢֣ԼʶǺˣһУвˡ
Զܡ졢һγ꣬ǰļˣ϶ˡ


99 ɱ
գ齣¼ͶӰ֮Уʮˣ˴գһ֮Уֻаˡ
һ仯òܲһ㶣һʱԣ𶼴סˣŶʮߵĿ⣬ɻдŷŭ
̬ѾҪŲܲ뿪ȴ˲ӣýĹ̵ˡ
ǸϿÿ
һźøˣԶһߺǳ
ΪһԱͽĽֵܣеżߣûвġ
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˾٣˹Ŀ࿴۲ܾޱȣһСθҶײ
ǲ죬־߷ߣһĻʱɫһڳ
;ʦԺԻȥڣǰ·ÿ
𵭵˵ƽ֮Уһ˿ŭ
ȻܾУòײŶס˲ܲ٣ԺɲĺûˣؽźԣˡҲܴ
ˡҲܴ
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ۿһߵΪ˰գһηɱܲٵжӦͷߡ
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Ƶķչתֱ£ܲôû뵽ңּƣҪɱ
죬ȴΣϣܴԼܳסᣬ˳ߡ
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ŵ˳ͻһɲãة˳ͨ»Ҫķһֽš
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µָ֮ʱһŨҵɱֱ˶е׹ߡ
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ֶǾ׸㵽֣ʱһȴһǴŪġ
߽ռսѾһʱˣӪֻҪ㹻ʱˢøУ㵽һЩ󣬵ʲô¡
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ܲٴ󾪣æ
һԷ˾һܾڱ󾪵ͬʱӦҲһ򽫱ǰиķӦ
ֻǣݵһСҲ㲻ȥڻ֮£һʱЩˡ
ż
Ϊָӣĺһ£һ˳ȥ
ಡ
ĺХ쳹𣬻֮У꣬׷Ųܾȥ
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һڲܾһ·ӶֶּȻƣУûлĻˡ
һ֣߳ҪĹĿ꣬Ȼǲܲ٣󲿷ֵҲȷʵŲܲȥģֻЩƫˣŲˡ
ʮŲܲȥľǿޱȣ˼ĺХ֮òܲһʱоΣա
ӣ
ܲٴУִ
ҺɼȣȴвÿһһԵܲȥ֮ʱˡ


100 
̽һƬ⣬һһ㣬Ĵ󲿷նһؽصģһ֧ǱӼһ롣
˷֣Ѿã֮ʱ֪ΪΣһĸһָУǲ
ֻ򵥵һնȴýôһΣɣԡ
磬ý齥һЩĵãýֶΣ仹ȲѪĵǰȴ˳ĳ
һȥеὣǰԶһߵǬǻʶ𣿡
Ϥ˶ߣԶһϸһеѪ
ÿ߽ռ䣬ᱻռװһ£ȽϷǸķȻҲõ˱Ƚϴĸı䣬齣¼֮УѾ˾Ĳͬ
Ѫ˭
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ĵĴѪĴҵĵӣҲһߣŵһҲҡǬһ˵Ľߡ
ô
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ҡͷδԶϵϲɫ¶ֲ˵Ǽ˲ܲһȴҪԣɱ
ΪΣ
Զɻ󣬷Ȱ֣Ȼûмܲһ磬ɴһˣɱ˲ܲ٣ǿ϶ˣʱһݡ
Ǭ磬ôС
һ߲ˣæ
δ˵꣬ѱԶˣǳ죡
һ¶˲֮ɫݺݵһۣǸСзæ졣
֣Ǭ˵ֻͬҪһߣ֣ջҲһݡ
ٶȿ϶
Զ˵ı֣չ¶˶ļɵһ߼ʹٱҲ˲ԣһʱĴ𰸡
ɳǧǵĹƻֻҪ㱣ҰȫһӣɳΪʦ
ܲٴ󼱣æе
ͶԷܲԶԲΪԷ֮ˣרŶԸԼģд󾪡֡
ˣܲȻ壬ڴ˿̣ȴٻһЩɵͲΪԼȴҲ˲ôˣϧԿ
ܲٵͷظԶǬҲǵӣǵΪѾĵߣ֮ӣܲٶռ֣ԣֹǣ²ܲ١
֮ԣһըףըһߵĶУԶһһȵܣռ䲻ġ
Ѫƭǵģǲǣ
һߵУռһĴڣ䲻֪ռ䵽Ǹʲôǿӹɵġ
ǴռȻˣֻǣۿջǰ˰;ϣθġ
Ϊе֮ǣѾɱ֮ܲ󣬻ôջõԸԸ
鵭ĵ˵ĶģʵұûнռսģֻΪǺ֣ŽǰֹǡԣǻǷɡ
ԣֱ³֪ܲлݵһ٣Ŷ˼ƣ˵Զγͷȣһ𣬷ɱܲ١
Ϊʵƻŵ࣬Ҳ̫Ѫۼɹˣȴֹθġ
ɫһ³ȥ˻ǲܵģҺòײŽܲٶµֻҪһɱͿɱʱ˵ôܣ
˵ɫҲ̫ÿֵûôˣĿⶼ΢΢˸ԼӦȥ


101 
ܵĵӱȽС֮磬ƾŴͷԣȻǰӣȴȫı䡣
µĵһӡޱǿģսʤģħһ㣬ʱվ˶棬԰ȡ
˵ѪöԸҪ˰ɣҪ˳ͻ
ݺݵŷܣҧô£Ϊһεжǧ׼ô׵ķ
ʵڰ룺Ѫʲô˲ģһռˣֻҪһɱ˲ܲ٣˺öδزԸѪߣҲռһ
Ļδ֪ʮŬһȰ˵һЩӵˣٴμᶨ
ǰļˣ緽ܡ꣬Щɵ֮ģҲһвʡ
ң⼸֮⣬һЩ½ռߣû鵱һ£ǳţ»ɡ
ļȰ˵֮£˻ǾɱܲڱУҪ̰֣ŴBOSS
Ѿˣǰɡ
һе̽˵
һһ۵֣صܲǷɱɵġ
ĵˣֻеˡ
ż
룬Ȼսһ֮£һ߷׷׶еľһһŶ漤ȥ
ʮ֧ȫȥʮǿżĺХ֮쳹
鲢Ӳ貨΢һʩչδӰ߳ȥ
һ㣬ĲܾɾͲˣֲ֮£ٲܾᴩˣǲܲټÿ죬ӹһ١
ܲٵɾͲˣһִ֧öƥĶͷϣʹƥ֮£ˤڵء
һ֮䣬ɱһߵǰһ󾪺֮𣬴˷
ÿ죡
ôô죡
̫ˣʵǿ
߶벻ٶô죬ԶγǣҲûʶȫ֣˵Ѫ콾
һɱ鵱֣̽һĨտĹâȥϷâ²
̽һоΣ֮£æӭսȴڡꡱһ֮УñһնΪΡ
ϸŵǿһ֮£ԶԶĵ䵽أۡһ³һѪ
һѵĺݣһн֮ͣৡһٴλ
ݣʵѾˣûϤûһʽϤİ׺գֻһǽѲԵֵġ
ʱԶ;γ󾪣æһһҹ˳ã󾢷磬
̽һᣬýڶ˵ĳϷֱһãӿݹȥ˷ֱһͷ˹غ«
졢һܡһĺպƣɫһ䣬ɱ׷һȥ
µʮߣӵĿһɨˣеľ鷢䣻еĳìһ٣ɱȥ

Щ˲֪΢ŭбҪһʲôϣһ֮£ܸ̽ʢ
һлޣǰһɱȥһ֮£˶ŵľն飬Ȼֹһüġ
ڤ£ǿұ˵Դ顱һըΪƬͷʬ壬ˡһء
ײĲһߣļʵ׺ݣһʱ䣬һйɢӡ
ʣµһˣ֪ɵ󵨻ûӦȻеıɱһ˸˳ǹ۳ǹ֡
̽ǰһԲһž֮Уììⱻȫնˣˡĵһء
ìһϣһ˸˳ìǰͱȥȫͱϣȴоͱͭǽ֮ϡ
Щ˵¶ϲɫ͸һǿҵķ֮һ˸˳ì˿ȥгųìߣ౻˳ȥ
ãܡ
̫ˣǲС
ܰٲܾˡ
һ߾ޱȣһѶжìĳì֮󣬷׷룬ֻ޵ȡ
ɨɢӵߣ鲢׷ϣһתĿ⣬ȥ
Ϊĵ֣ߣһ򲻷ˣΪԼˣҲ̫ɣյһսˣԼĲе


102 
ΥռԸУն
һȥ˵
̽Ѿ΢΢̧𣬽֮ϣտɫĹâתһĨ¹⣬˴֮ϡ
ɱ·ʬɽѪ֮Уɫ䣬ĸٴķâæȥ
ҲѧһŲṦ֮ʱٶȵ졣
εͿշУ̽ƽƽ׷˹ȥ˵ľ룬ԽԽѾеľ֡
׷˽ǰһնȥӯע˽У̽Ľ΢΢˼
ЩˣȴʧȥӦԵǣв֪ʱһһ£̽ӭȥ
һײǱûһϣֻһǳĺۼ
̽ϵǿһδеĳ䣬ȴҲұ۵ˣ̽æݽֱʺ
Ų֮£ֵʺ֮ǰȴ̽һնϣһѪ쮳ˡ

ֱնµʹ࣬ʹǻڵģǳ£ҲеܲˣֵĳϽסֵĶϱۣʹ֮ɫ
Ťһ㣬ĺˮ£䣬еѪʲֹо˾ʹ
Žǰɱⲻָֹȥߺ޵˫ۣ顣
ߣԶǣɱ飬һۣȴû˸ȥ
Ҳ˵ĹϵĲ̫ãʵǿģֶΣסһˣһһ飬Σ֮ʱȴûԸ
һߵĽ֣ν䣬ٶȼ죬˫չֳʵòܲټڽ̾ģ֮
ΣҾ˵ˣɳѰˣɱҵȵİȫ
սܲٴϲ
ڽ׷׵ة۹⣬ǶΪ
ȴة࣬λɳЩʶɲ
ܲٵ޷ɳûжġ
ܲﲻûлɣֻǣػǷֵģ֮ǱסҪɲҶ顣
ಣ
׼һ֮ʱһĺХһתһ
ǰһۣһоһ֧üͷһŭɫе̽һ˦
΢΢һбʮȽǣϷХһʧԶ
̽ӳջһ켣ޱϬ֮ƣ鱳߻ȥȻ󾪣Ҫܣȴܲ
һĨһɱߵǰ䷴Ӧ֮ʱ֮˵ϡ
鲢ûַӴѧ֮󣬶ٻԼ⣬һ֣ЧȻӣͷ
һ֣֮ƻɱһߣնһֻƣֶһˣɱ֮ǿǡ
ʶ˫Ĳ࣬һҲŷɱܲˣȱҪɣǳ׵ˡ
ԶγǣԸˣкһ֮󣬷׷뿪
֣ˣյˣպ
Ŀһȥ鲢û׷˵̫࣬׷ռ䰴սĿģΪ˱֤ܲٵİȫΪɱˡ
ԣֻҪǲٴܲٵ⣬ҲûҪϾɱϾôߣɲǶô׵顣
ҪЩ߿ͶӰ磬Իָʵɲ̫ݡ
תԶ룬üͷ΢΢һȵӣ
һԾһֻһ㣬ȥֳƣǰȥƷ
о˱Ʒ磬󾪣æתȫ֮ͳһƣӭһơ
飡
˫ƽ浽һһ󾢷ɣǿ£һƽ˳ȥջһߣ׹䵽ء
һƣʵʵˣȴҲΪһ֮һ㣬ӵøԶ
˫һأվȣһѪ
֮ʱĲֹȴһֱǰȥѪ֮󣬸Ṧٱȥ
һǰȥǣѪһƣɵĴˣʵڲᡣ
һ֮£ܵ˼ǿ𶯣ÿһ̵ļ֣Ϊѣصʱ̣ȴܲ֡


103 ع
ܣŸոҪȥ׷ȴѾǰȥٶȷɿ졣
ټ죬鲻ҵæʩչṦػһ㣬Ѹ׷ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ȴҲʹһʱ׷ȥȴҲᱻ˦档
׷һֱ׷һأȻû׷ϣȴҲûӿ
ǰС·֮ϣһſеһһ˳Ǻع
֮ǰҲ֪˵ʲôһ֣ÿ·˶֮С
ǰȺĵµУʱԳֵӡ
ع棬ˡ
Ϊ
ղҾ죬ҹڣκ裬㻹ǻȥŲة࣬·ɡ
ͷȻع飬Ǻã͸ӡ
˵գҲķӦֱתߡ
ɲȵǿһߣټİٶУ֣ս鶨Ȼǻ᲻еġ
ŷͽǿս֮ϣǿԷӳǿսġ
䵱֮ʱսɵõһԣŲԸ͹
ԶȥıӰ˫΢΢һУ¶˿̹ǵĺ⣬æǰһ𹧾صؽսթֻһЩ֮ǸγͰ硭
Ŀ¶׺֮ɫֳƣһնĶԵɱڵģ֮ⷬʱϳصĴˣûӰһ㡣
һ˿֮ɫ˵ˣ
תͷһ£İﲻԭͣ׷׵תͷԶȥзޱȣȴòϡ
ܲٺͱڻС̫ߣ˻ܲٴϲæǰɳˣߣǸϿ뿪褺
δЦЦܲٱ񾭴Ҳеˣֻߡ
á
Ӧ
֪˻ݵܲΣˣһ򣬾һһЩ˻ģɱɾʹ
⣬ȻѾ˲ܲ飬ɴཫ׺ˣδز磬Ͳܲٸ˹ϵ¶ࡣ
һ·գǰһ֧·ܲپУôз
һ֮󣬲ܲæȵɳҪ鷳ˡ
ͷõģû⡣
֧Ƿǲǰӭӣܲ˲ϲϣ㰲ȫˡ
ܲһڱʽӽϿЪ飬ȻܲٸǣѶ

عռ֮һʱ鿴ԼĿռӡǣ˻棬Ȼ㡣
ռսһУջ֮⣬黹õֻ䣬Ǻ䣬ȴնɱߵġ
ռսǿɱ¾ľ磬ɱıʲһпܲƷͬɱ¾֮УֻҪɱߣᱬ䡣
Ƿɱ¾磬໥ɱ򲻻䱦䡣
䣬һõһöԪһõһƿⶾ裬˵һƿʵֻһ
һ£ҲнˣƼ࣬Խڤ弶
ڤѾˣҪ弶ĻҪǧ㣬ٵһȣǧ
ߣŸջͳǰ˵񣬸ɵò
ЦҵɵĲûòܲٱɱͶӰ磬ûʲô״ɡ
ûУһж֮С
ͷǾͺáԺٿռսʱ򣬾Ҫ΢СһЩˣҪЩȫһˣ򣬿ռսûˡ
ĿǰռĹ򻹺ܲƣֻпռսɱ¾磬綼Ƿɱ¾磬ŪռսĿģΪĥߣȫ𲻵ˡ
ĺˣҾ淶һְһռս֮УʧұͶߡЩ߾Ķˣ֪ݾ߲ͨȻѧģ֪ܻø档
㣬ȻݵΧڶͶӰ磬ٳ˾ռ䣬ɣھռӰ죬ȴϸĵز
һεĿռսһȫܲһʵ࣬ǿĻȫԵܲһӵʵֻǣĿǰ첻


104 
ռûжعʵһ£ǵڴͷ˯һ˳֮С
һνռ䣬ʱǱȽϳģһǾͳ֮ս磬ûʲôϢʱ
ռ첻ʲôһعʵʱϢ;߶Ƚŵɽһ㣬ӿ
һ˯֮ʱѾǵڶˣоеֻȥһ١
򿪷߳ȥʮְûһ㣬м壬ʱ飬ʵڶúˣҲûעЩҴææ¥
ʱ䲻Ƿ㣬ȥһС֮ʱȻһ٣ϰ岢ûжⲻ
УѾһСǮȻ࣬ȴ㹻ԣһʱˣǰһʡȻԼСˣһ׷
СС治Զһ·ǣԴӰСҲΣ˸졣
ϰһСɫĸŮһͨȴ̫ãһˮƬһСĢһ̻ףԼ׷һƿơƶ֮ʱһڲ̫õģŨصطζͨСӣҪô࣬ԲԵ˰Բ˵ĻԷﲻҪʱˣҿԲǮ
õģлл̡
ͷӦе
ֻϰص͹ķϰѧ֮ȻҲˣԼķǰеķˣոչԵġ
һ£÷˵ζ˿Եģʽһ㣬зһɨգһ㶼ûʣ¡
ϰߣһ㶼ܴ󣬾鲻⹦ҲǴϰĳ׶ΣʱڣȻС
˲죬еϰˡ
ϰϱǽ֮еɵۣԾСӣ㹻ܳԵİҼ㳤þݣΪʳû뵽С㡣
ЦҲܳԣ廹ûĳ
ϰ䣬ָǮһʮ黪ıңھ֮У۸
߳꣬׼ȥתתһǰߣһߴֻ׼һС˵ȴϢ
㿪Ϣһۣüͷ΢塣
磬Һ˴ˣԼսѧУβ¥˵Է˲ٸ֣һᱻ˴ġ
ϢĵһۣЩ鷳ƴһջ֮⣬侲֪֮Էĳˣ治ܲܡ
ȻжϢ֪ƴǲǶ磬ϸһ£Ӧòᡣ
ǰֵܶ˵Ĺϵ̫ãҲ̫ᣬûʲô֮·ԣ϶ĳˣᷢĶš
жϣȥһ£ƴĳˣҲܵġ
ķߺޣǣϣǳʲô£Ϊ˲ġ֮زɸӹˡ
һǰƴϵѧУڸһ£֪β¥֮ڣæ˹ȥ
İչлĽԽԽ죬׷ȽңлĽ裬ԽԽѸ١
Ϊĵ׶еĸıǷ츲صģڽдģĽ裬һЩز̣ǳ˻˷꣬ز
ַ񿪷Щǵ˳֮Уеķز̵̯̫ʽѣ˲ٵβ¥
ͷǰһռزСβ¥һεضĸ¥Ѿһ룬ȴûмȥ
һĿҪȫ漰ʽڵģβ֮ҪĿӹʽͬһ١
ңʽ⣬β¥漰˷⣬ԣβ¥һֱڣʱûиı䡣
߽β¥֮ڣһƬžеϢ֮⣬ȴﳤûԳ塣
β¥鹦˫β¥ڷǳ׵ľף˵
Ż֮ķȥĽŲᣬûоκ˵֮£˵֮
ǡһβ¥һݣһֻһ㣬˶㡣
β¥ʮ壬治ԶȴһСľۼһĺҡҡλεǽߣͻȻӿǽһ¡
֮󣬸оɿһЩ̧ͷȴһӰԾضһ㣬һβ¥С
Ƶĺһһȴ˲٣ʹ۾ٵɴ۾ϸ֮ʱȴʲô쳣
ѵǺȶˡ
ӻλԴһ䣬һһҡ뿪ˡ


105 ˼ӽ
ʩչṦ˿ˣ鵱ʱ֪ʱѣ֪ˡ
һοҪСһЩռдѰ˿ˣʼղá
ѵ
֪ԺСĵġ
Ҳû̫һ£ռʵƵĲ̫ϸ
ѧһֺ޵ֻҪʩչ̫ˣʲôӰ죬ͨδؿóֻΪǹ֡
ʹΣʱ̣˳ѰֻҪǿ˷ˣռ䶼ή³ͷġ
й¶ѰеĳͷҲأֻĨȥһʱļѣὫ߳׻ɱ
߶ˣ˵ˣΪռ䰵еȫⷽ棬ҲΪһ壬ע⣬ܳӡ
β¥Ķ¥֮תҹգȥһ棬ûаװĴȥ·Ȼڿˡ
¥ˣȴΪһˣСˣһȴֻһˣƴˡ
ƴϵǻĵһصѧĸ߿ԭ¼ȡߣ˶ҳ˴Ǯݽѧ
ĹڵصѧҲףǮƵˣʹֶνõĴѧѧǴѧͻĴѧЩȨĹԱ͸һԽ롣
˶вƴϽ뾩ǴѧͻĴѧһصѧѾĽˡ
뵱꣬߿֮ʱֻ֣͹صѧķˣȴƾصѧԵֻһѧ
ôҪ˵ûзߺޣǲܵģرڱҵ֮ҹѵʱ򣬸Ƿߺޡ
ռ֮ǰ;Ѿˣ۽һߣǵ£ҲͲˡ
Լսҽžǣֻǣ㻹Ԯ̫˰ɡ
Ŀһɨ꣬ƴһ˵
һһ۵СĿǼģȴԵЩ˻вĸо
ЦʲôԮҵλʦȴҲû뵽СӾȻܴڣҵλʦˣôţơ
ƴϿĵ㲻ҵĶ֣ɼʦˮƽҲôһҵĶ֡
վһ̬˫Ʊδգûйעƴϣɣƴϵһڣ˵۾
˫һĵâһţɼйģںɫһ꣬ǰһСӣͲ󣬿С𡣡
ƴϿˣĵҵĹȻС
ЦãеұһֶΡ
ϲʦԸ֣̫ˣúýѵһӣҳһڶ
ƴһѧѧΪԴף˿ڽǣ϶¹գƴҲûһ¡
룬֮һѡԼƴϳȥ棬ȴǽһƫƧĵط䵽˼˵С
鷢Ϣǰȥȵʱȷʵû˰취Ҳ֪ټľǣ˭ŵġ
ȳ֮Ȼ֪˭ںĹһռ䣬ѧһЩèĹ֮󣬵ȥҳ˱ȥˡ
ϲ֮󣬱뽫һ٣벻ǣȻҲṦ򣬻ӡ
ƴϻʤһԸһ٣ȻҲս
书ƴ緢սַΪɲˣȻԼ
ڳһο֮ƴϵѧһЩһ֪ҪԮԼԿ鷢Ϣһ·
үġ
ͷӦ
һ·ǰ󣬷˳˫һȭԱŵӱԼҰ˼ŵӷ̸µĸС
ǰ˼ŵģ˼ȭ֪ڼȭ֮һ𡣡
ƴЩ˷ܵĵ
ռ䣬ѧ书֮ƴ϶ʵеĹҲȤһ£֪ΪڼȭֱΪ̫ȭ˼ȭȭ
Ȼһģƴϵ˷֮Լѧһ¶Էģȭ㶫ƴϣɡ
ү˵óӽһºˣаɡ
һȣˡ
һ̧նȭһȭݺƴϴȥĽŲΪѸ
һ֣ƴϲҵŲһ˫һ̣ӽʽ˳Ҳģ
ӽĪǣҶʵ硣
а


106 
˼ȭӽһϷ˼ȭλڼȭ֮һ˵ӽҶʶһȭ
ƴʩչӽȭǸѧȭ֮ʱᲢãʮӡ
ƴϵӽȭӦѲ㼶ˣжĳ̶ȡ

ӽȭƴõĲȭֵ쾡£ʩչ֮ʱ޺պ֮ȭ磬ȴԲ
ɣ뷿Ľ֮Уƴȴ·磬ÿһУƴϾҪ˳һ
ڰ˼ȭϣʮˣȭӲʣÿһȭƴϿԸоȭͷĳء
ƴϲڷ˼ȭǿ֮ʱȴ֪а棬ƴϵ
оƴϵӽȭ裬ҲҪʮ֮ãܴﵽģٿƴϵͣС䡣
ɽ
һȣ˹ȥ
һײƴϵĸ첲ϣһɼǿƴϵײ˳ȥ׷Ź䵽ء
վƴϵ˫ۣͣ΢΢ȴǷһɽ̫ݣ˫ʹ̡
ȭƻ΢ĿͶעƴϣ̾Сӣӽȭ費˲СʮɣģòҪں¶ˡ
ƴϺ޺޵ĵʲô¶ݣǲݺҵģһٻġ
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ƴд֣е㲻Ҫ̫֣һëҸ粻Źġ
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˵齣¼粣̫ߣ÷ȵĻȫǶ֡
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107 һ
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δӶ¥һԾʱһעˣɫ׷һ䣬鰲Ȼأһ֣
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108 ھ
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ڿռ֮дһЩ飬ڤ弶еֲʣ¶ˣǧȥһͶӰռ䡣

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109 ɱ¾֮ʼ
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110 ݶ
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112 
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ּ˱аΪһʮǰԶͼƿµĸھ֡
ʱɽ»вС鷳
ϵ۾һɣɵĻɽɾҲڴּұа⣬ЩŴɣ
зŭȴҲ֪ηķŭû˿ãʵǿ󣬲Ҫġ
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һѰңδκ˵ټɻ䡭
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ಡһʯƿնȥǰһŴһԾ˳
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׺ȴǴŭΪɷ۵Ĺڽϵλͣ˭ˣ֣û˸
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齻һУ׺ѾʶΪޱȣԱģһٶӭս
һԲתߣ׺Ѵ⣬ʵڲսһ㣬Զ
׺ֻһУֳĶ治Сγ˼磬־صĸ֣ǰһûм
˶˵Ľ֣ǿʢϸʶԼ뽭϶ֵĲ࣬ɸ̾ԼǰЩˡ
׺ӲסһƣȴΪ׺ĹУĴƱ֪ʵǿ
λֵĽս̴̼ϣѧıаӦҲʤ׺ֻǣ飬ûգв˸ɽֹ֮С
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еڵйһк׺󾪣еǴ󷨣ħ̽С


119 ϱ
ԴѪ콾˽ʮ֮һֱڻȴһֱûнȫ⣬ֱڤ弶СɣȫЩ
ڤ֮ԶȡΪããû
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120 ɽ
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121 Ī
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122 ɽ
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ʱλԶˮӿؤ︱Ž֣ȭʦŮϿŮѣɰ˺񵶰׿ˡ¬˼Ⱥ
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ǹԱչᣬ˻ʵگԻݺʡѲ֪ɽ磬壬ɣ죬ſãʵڲνְ֮Ч͢մˡ
ֿͷ΢лһꡣ


124 ϴ
ɣٸգǰһڱͣиߵԹٸУ˿̼׸ƣʵ۷ν̶֥СС٣м㣬̬ҹȻлߣжЩ̲ס¶֮ɫ
ΪɣһĻΪѬģٵˣһסˡ
鲻ΪȻΪˣδرô߽ࡢɣΪһԱҲδһǴ
޷ȦӲͬ࿴ˣܱĳ͢ԱΪǶǳ͢ӥȮ͢Աͬ𽭺ˣΪһ¶ĸԴ
Իư֮ǹԱȺ۷׷ײơ
Ϊ˳һŲ輸˽С˫һֻá߰Ļƽӣϲ輸ʢˮ
ЦߵУȭһҾȺ۶վ
˵λǰӢۣλѣλѡλԶ٣統𣬸мֵܽսϴ֣Ӵ˲ʽϵ£λ֪ԭֵܳ͢䣬һССٶԵʳ֮»Ҿ֮¡½ҹ£ȴطԱгͻ粻ΪѡӽԺ˳֣ҲǺɽɵĵˡµԸͶűɣԱ㡣ĳλˣλ֤ԺλɽǣȻĳ˵ĺѣеֶԹǷǣĳȴˡʡҲԤˡ˵ֱȭΪҾ
ȺԤϣҲ£һʱ֮䣬ѻȸ
ת⣬˵ɶʦ¼£գδŴɽ鹣ǲڱĪʦ֣ӹӹµµĳһ˲࣬ĳһ˲١ӽĳ˽ϴ֣ר˻£ȴҲƲʦգٽڽϵĶԹǷǣִӾʡΥԣ˽
һ۵׳˫һ⣬žһöϳء۶ϳ˳ֽضϽ䣬죬Ͻש
ڽǿ־۶һѰֽϣ棬˾ᣬ۶һڱָϹ֮ʵǵһ衣
¶΢Ц䣬˫֣Ҫ裬ôȵס
΢΢һ˫ֱ㲻ˮ̧ͷſ߽ĸĺӣһţһվһߵĻӴ֮䰺ֱ롣
и߾һɫ죬׺鱦ʯһչñ⣬졣
֮ɽµĵǧʷǴߵǰ˵ʦ壬ʦϴִ£Ѻ󡣡
繪˵֪Ǻ⣿
ʷǴӷ£ʵּ֪ʦˡ
ʷǴϼŵˡȺʦ̫񣬵ɽµӣݼλʦʦ塣ºͬʱ
ʷǴҪ罫ϴѺ󣬶ʦ̫һԿȰΣֻõͷȻʦ̫Ҳô˵½ϴ֮£ʱСλ˭Ҫߣںɽ̻һգɽɵλֶֽ̡
ڴʱúһŮӵеιǸʲôҰ˭һܵôȴ̡
һӵҰţҶ˵һᣬȻߡ
̵ף⵹ˣļϲ梵԰ȥΪʲôŲ
˵ðɣҪȥԼȥˣﵢһ
̵˵ᣬߵԶԶġֲϵ㣬˭Ҫ߲ˡ
ֻһŮ˵ãȥɣ
ӵԴƬ̡
ŶΪϵãֻʦúЯ֣վ쾮֮Уһſ˫֣סˡ
Ϊһ˷ɫϵɽɵĵӣһλʦɽ°ɣأ
˰ȻˡҪסҵľһˡ
⼸仰죬˵ý쳣Ⱥ޲Ϊ֮ɫ
ŭ΢΢˵ɽ˶ٵӣһɣ
һԸϣݶϡ⡢䡢ԺУǰңʮӦǣɽɵӲμʦ壡ʮ˵ͬʱ˳ǳ䲻⡣
ݶվʮˣһɫȴ綼Уͻ˽м磬һǧ֮У˭û


125 ɽ
ɽɴ˾٣ԤıҪһͳɣúɽɿνɱǺɽɵʵдţĪ粻͡
ıԣԭɹˣһĲֽ֣᲻һˡ
ɽɵΪȺ۽ŭʦ̫һס⡭ʲô˼̫ˣ
ʷǴʦˡʦº˵ʲôҲȰʦ壬ϴ֣ʦ岻϶е
ڴʱ߳ʮȴķˣӣԼŵӣÿһһɽӣжذףס˵˺ġ
һһĻæǰȥȺ۵澭ӽļˣԱ֮ʱӷ㡣
λѣĳһУʦ־ȻвĳΪкĿ֮䣿ʦֲĳϴ֣ٺ٣ĳͷɶϣ־˵ǰһ˫ֱȥ
ʷǴеһչǰָּ̽вȥʷǴ˫ϵأֲָ˫ۡʷǴ޿мܣֻúˡ
нƿ˫衣ֻñȻ˽ͷȷһһɽԶԶ˳ȥֱץץסһɽӵؿڣ˳ʷǴȥ
ȷߣַץ米۾һ㣬λ׼ֿó棬ȷڼҸ֣Ѱ
ɽȺһ֮£һʱûٸվɽӽеʦ壬㲻ס֣ҿҪɱ㹫ˡ
عͷһۣصӢڴˣ㵨ҶҶһëʮɽӾΪࡣ
һ˫ȥۼһҲûֹܼͻȻһϸ΢İƿն
˺ֻöһ죬ǰڽԵ㵹µǺһ죬ӷת죬ˮڵ¡
ͬʱӰζݶԾһˣһ䣬һֻʱƽƽһƬ
ʮ꣬еģ쳣ϴƲ룬˵ʦ֣㲻ɽϴ֣
ɽĵʦܷѱһ״кպΪɽʮ̫֮һ
ҰļҪһͳɣ̣һͳΪ졣
ҰģûʵҲǲеģɽʮ̫书ǿΪҰģṩ˼ǿĻʯ
ʦּݵβһˮƣȴݶɹ֮ࣿɽɶиֵһ붼ɡǶԸĳʦһѴ´࣬ҪԸӢۺܣɽֻӲ㡣
ѱ΢΢һЦ˵ʦֺ䣿㵥ǺʦһΪУҲֵʲʦһ֡СʽɽɾҺͺɽʲôȥҵ˴˼һλӢۣʦҲҵˣֻΪǧͬǰʦֲɽϴ֡
һȺ۾Ȼӿڵʦִԣδ̫Ҳ̧СˡĳֻǺɽһӹ֣ŮףҲֻô˾Ÿɲĵĵӣίʵ֮ĳһһ漰ǧͬ
ʦֲ̫ڵǰ͵ܽϴ֣ȥ̶֥ٶʵ˵ƶҲĲΪȻ˸־ٷƣֻҪգͬҲǿֹ͵Ҳûôı죬Ȼܺͬ
ѱʦ̫Ƿе֮ʿȻ˵Ĺ⼿ıóѣҪвͬնܶλһ룬ɽүǽͷӢۺܣԸʶ䣬ȥЩ๷ٵүҲᣬﻹ̰ͼٷƣмвɸ˵ԭ򡣡
粻ŭЦ˵ʦ֣ҪѪˣҲҪ˵ɽɱʦǣһɣ
ֻݶ϶ͬʱһӦã
Ӱζվڣվڶ׵ǸӣĿΰɽ˵Ķʦֶ㣬ȴ߼ݣɽѽεɺ½ء
ͬʱ˹֣ү룬λӢ롣
㡢½ضжǴͬΪɽʮ̫֮ǿַѱֻ߲͡
ɽɵĺ½֣ԴôĸڳɽַǹȻԴġ


126 а
Īһ״ɽɴٳȴʵЩС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
Ī粻ͣȴԸּϵĲͣ籾ˣûٷߺޡ
ңĪ֣ɱ˴ַѱ򣬶̬ΣԶ
ʷǴ߾죬ѱһվѱɭȻ˵ʦ֣֮£ɽĪûָϵ㲻ǣϡԸҪʦֺħ̽ܰʲô᣿ʲôıԸԼһͬ
һȺ۵ʱȻݡħ̺Ͱ׵еӢƲ˫꣬ݣʤܡ
ǧУ˵Ҳаħ֮еĸ¾еʦޣһᵽħ̣˭гʹޡ
ԽˣԭΪ˶Ըħ̡
ħ˶ڣ书ǿħܸ̽Сһ֮֡ƣֽܡճδܹһΣʵǷͬСɡ
һ֮Уδħ̽һ棬νᣬνıȴǴӺ˵𣿡
½ϸϸصʦ֣⻰Щʵˡħһλϣֽģ֪ʦǷʶ
籾ʮ򶨣󡱶֣ʱɫڴգ𻰡
ͻȻʵʶʶ󣿡
ãͷ磬ҲʶãƽΨһ֪Ҫõѡ
ʱ֮䣬һƬȺ۷׷ۡ
鰵ͷΪ˵䣬ϣɽδؿʵһ㡣
ѱֳ΢Ц˵Ե˺ɽвɶõ˲ţһʱ󽻷ˣ;ԻұеĺѣɲΪƣһ֮·Ըֵתʦ֣ѡ·һ֮ڣɱħ̳ͷôһŲǺѡֵܡ
ͻȻһ˿Цݣ˵һʣཻʮҹżȻ漰Żɵ̾ϢΪ˫νҺֻཻɡٵĸ֣ϲʱͣ书һ̸
˵΢΢һЦλ߲ţȻ֮Ϊ֣˼磬״Ҳڶ롣ħˣ֮У֪и߽࣬йµĽ󻳡粻壬ĽĳһɷȴƲϼӺλӡ
ѱȴһȻǿȥɱʦ̫ŵƣȰ
粻ԸȺֹαӵʮ㣬˵ʲôд֮٣п𣬺οִħͷ
̾˿˵ύ֮ϵн֮¡Ĭƣʱɺħ̱һƴһͬ˵ʦֵܣһ֪ѣĳ޷һߣ˲ų²ߣսϴ֣ҪͬĳӴ˳֣ҲŽϵĶԹɱֻ⣬ǣȥ̶֥ԭۣ˶Ŀ뵽ͨĳһ壬Ͼ
ħ̺ɱǷǷǣһʱҲ˵֮ĳֻ˳ȷѪĶŹӴ˹ȪӣһؼԸΥŹɵԼ
ɽıȣҪɱħִ̳ⲻʣƵüˣԷ
粻Ըѱ߾ɫ죬˵ţӦһ֮ɱֻʱŻ󻼣նݳ顣ɣ
ȻһЦĳύѣڸεգɱѣԱȲϼ£ƹ࿹ɽͲúһУֻĳĹײҲˣҪֱ㼴ֵ֣Ⱥʱ
ѱһչ̩ɽʦ֣ɽʦ֣ɽɶʦ̫ɽλʦʦֶԷԸаħ̺ɳƺ졣ύˣ鸽Сͬţֹ֮վס
ŵˡȺͶʦ̫վױߣɵµҲ˹ȥʮɽɵվ˹ȥ
ѱֵ״ӣҲվȥ
ʦض岻ฺŵӣͶʦͬ
ӯãã꣡˵ⷬѺܶԵʦˡǶȥɡʦԼύѣǿûϵ
Ϊˢһγ˵һϵԷ֮У֮£ѡһҪҶʦɱ׵ġ˵űǰһվס


127 ǿ
ʱһ͵һ죬һ˿
һΪҰһƣΪײؿ
껤ʦУϣۼ뽫ȴһӰһõǰ档
ǰһĺӣ࣬ʱ
̩ɽɵʦ֣Ǵʴ尡Ҷˣˡ
һָᶥһǻӣӦ־⣬ĵ
겻֪ô£ͶȶǸ֣Ȼ֪˲ˣһϲǴŭ
˭˭ҹɽɵ£
ߣɽɺôͷΪºܱƫƫ塣
һ߲ڳȺֻһƬĹâ𣬺ҹ֮µһƬǹ⣬ҫޱȡ
ҫۣȴҲɱɭɭһƬĹâ£һҾ챳ĵɽɵӣ׷׵ض
Щɽɵϣͳһֻһ˿ڣǲϵһˣ˿λö뻮һģǻеһ
ɽΪɵڽϰԵˣ֮УвɽӵģҲиҶɽɵ˶ֵġ
ɣ죬˺ݺݸɽһƣȺ£ɱôɽɵӣɽɨˡ
΢΢һ̽ϵһѪ䣬ɽɵһڣȴүźӣǧҪ䵽ɽɵЩһˡ
·ɱĳҧ־ϲۼԼļҾ죬æ֣лл֣ɽɵĶԹʵҽǣ
΢΢תͷüôүԹҹˣ
æңңĳʮָмֻǣɽɽв
Цɽɣҵ
ôĿҿʲô£
ɭȻ֮£ˣһƷ
㹥䲻˵֮ʱһƹ˹ڳȺ׷׾͵ϮΪʡ
һĵǡתִ֮һƣŶһӭȥ
ִٳ֣˶ΪһζƣԿȴ˵Ԥϡ
顱һ죬ʮһƣǶԳܵģֱӱķˡ
ѪѪգһ֮£صˣˤ䵽֮󣬾
һܵش½غͷѱһ̶ŭϣ׷ˡ
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úá
һЦȫȻ壬˫ӭ϶ˡ
΢һ£˫ǰһƣһɸǿ½غͷѱؿһһѪ
һ֣䣬ڳһڽܿɾˣ硢Ⱥŵ˺Ͷʦ̫ȸֶ⣬Ŀ⣬ǲš
ɽʮ̫Ϊǿ൱һŵʵʮ̫Ϊ׵ˣ½ͷѱʵǼǿ
֣£һжûн£Գֶ֮ǿ𾪡
˼һҪȥ磬ǲɽɵӿɲ٣кüʮˣɽɵľӢӡ
࣬ĸȴֻ½ءͷѱ˶Уɽһδ⣬עܳɹˡ
ǺˣΪһҪɽԡ
ӲĲУѱֻýˣɫѿ
Ц˵Ҫɽѹң˵ɫҲκҲá
㡭ôĿ
ѱŭȵ
бѱ򣬲мĵô㲻Ǳٴ
һ˵ٴһܣ½ءͷѱ򵱼޻˵ǰһ֣Ѿ֪˫Ĳ̫ٽֻȡѡ
½˵µΪ
Ƕ˵ˣǿǵİԵΪүѾϴ֡˳ˣԸ˭ѣɡΪ£ǱҪɱȫңҲʵ̫ˣڼʲôɣҿħ̸Ҫǡ
٩٩̸ɽɵ˾зŭȴҲ죬ֻš
үǸɽϴֵḶ́ɽɲү鷳ҿһ
д̫ˡ
̲סˣŭɵ飬һ˲֡


128 ڤ֮
ɽɣʵûкøУֶǲǵ꿴ģɵ½ءͷѱ
Ⱥǰǿг֣ǾɱЩڼӢۺܵˣ㲻û֡
䲻Щˣһħͷĸо̫ãǵãԶվһ
ԣҪһɽɵˣǳ׷ʱԼٳ֣Ҳʦ
ţŵʦ̫Ƕɵǰάɵ֮£ɵڲ񣬵Լңύħ̳ϣʵڣֲħ̳ϻޣӦϳ͡λǿвɵڲλ𡣡
кѱȴҲϵƣȺŵͶʦ̫Ԯ
ò˵ɽɵЩ˵ҲúܣռϷ֮ʱû˷ʱһ·磬ˮ
ɽɵİԵΪöʦ̫в½ءͷѱܴ죬һʹ֮УֻͬΪ֮ˣñֳ
ʣԷѱ󣬶ʦ̫ĵʦֽύħ̳ϣȷйѾҪϴ֣˳ˣֺαر̫ΪʦȫҹӴ˲£ˣҲ˴ҵĺλΪΣ
ŵ˵ͷҲã͵ܣΪΣ
ȺԻɸΪ񲯣һ£ȴ֪ʦǷͬ⡣
æãĳԸټҹӴ˲ԤеκĳӴ˲λʦѣҲҲʹ˷֡ĳЯ˵ӣԶ߸߷ɣӺ⣬֮գ㲻ԭһء
΢һҺ½ʦܡʦܿùʦ磬ʾ¡
ĺѽ㡢½غͷѱˣȫˣҲ֮¡
½ص磬Ҫ飬ɽȥ׿顣Ƿǲ
Ц磬ֱڣ㻹ûĽ飬ֻһڶѣĿľţɽ硣ҰĿɲС磬൱ɨ˺ɽɵ磬Ȼ̩ɽɡɽɺͻɽһܲˡԣŽңǲŹġ
㡭˵˵
ָ飬ŭĵ
Ҵɽɵͼı½غͷѱǴŭȴе飬߳ŭ֮£Ҫ֣ȴּɵʵ
Ц˵˵ʲô⣬ΪҲ֪ʮĲֻ֣ΪһͳɣһΣǴŻˡ
㡭
󾪣Ѿ˵ˡ
һֱͼıƣ㡢½غͷѱˣֱǾˣһ仰˵ٴγˡ
һԵϹ򷢻ӵ˼£źķ
鼥˵£Ҫɱڣôô
˵һ֮ķӦҲбб̤һÿ˶һƣȴһץ˶֮ϣڤ
Ц֮УҲһĹΪǴ󷨣Ǵӱڤ񹦵ĲƪȴСңûбڤ񹦰Ե
ԱڤνԵޱȣһˣԷѣʱñڤȡѲˡ
һ˦齫˦ײ½ĳϣ㽫Ҳ档
ʣµķѱƲԣҪӿȴѾˣŹǰһ̽˷ѱļϡ
оΪѱҪתһƣȴȫ᲻ֻһӿк
ڤ񹦾˰Ե⻹񹦲Ž弶ŸոСɾǴɣ֮䣬ɽ˵
Ǵ󷨣
ħˣ
һħǰνеĵӡ
оܿƵʶ㡢½غͷѱ˾׷׾
ʲôħˡ
⡭һħ
˻Ǵ󷨣ħǰνһйϵħĪ

Ǵ󷨺ħһ˺ڳȺ۶ˣһ˾Ŀмɵ
ħǰνУ书֮ߺţ֪ѹ˽ϵĶٸ֣ûжܡµһͷҲ¶ĸ֡
ħ̱˼ɵиպգȺ۽Ϊеĵӣּ书ɲ⣬׷׽˴ħͷԴ


129 ɱ
ħˣɺܣ˵ö֮һ֣
ıڤ񹦣ֻˣȵ
һڽΪħˣȺ鼤ܵӣɵĹ֮ߣһʱҳ֡
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ɱ
ɱ
ħ֮ˣ˵ö֮
ƣΨɽ
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ɽɵĵӣһֵµĹ򶼲Ȼ˵ȵĻ໹ǱȽϴġ
ԭ鲻ɱģȻɽɵĵԼͱˡ
˫һѱȥ˴󲿷Ķ㡢½غͷѱ򣬱һˣ׷ɣ䵽ʱеѪĭ³ۼˡ
㡢½غͷѱǸ֣Ϊһȡֵ˶ʮ
ʮʮۻ룬ҪǸոѧᱱڤ֮ʱһʱκβôֻʱѹ¡
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̽һһĨ˸˲һƬ֮ˮһɽɵĵϯȥ
һ֣飬Ӱ֮أΧɽɵӣԿʼùˡ
еɽɵӱһееһնϣеֱӱԷһ֮С
Ľϴִᣬνһۣɽɺһָ֣ύħ̳ϣȺΪһҪùˡ
룬ɱҧ֮ݣڳȺɫ䣬ɽʮ̫еˣһɽӣҲɱ
ڶɽһڵӺȺ֮ʱȺɵ书һʱɣûг֣룬գ֮䣬ɽɵӾɱˡ
ħͷҳס
ŵһȣһݶһɱȥ
̽նһɽɵӵͷ­һһ£ŵ˴̳ĳһ
ŵħޣ϶ħˣ˺Ҳ̲סˣȻ֡
ֻǣŵĲеˣһУŵ˱ܲסֻһɾײϣ˴ɳ
ʦ̫ŭħͷ־ܣɡ
һƣ赭дĻһƣ˫ײһ𣬶ʦ̫ؿһһѪ˳¡
𣬱תŵ˺Ͷʦ̫ŵʦ̫ǲҵĶ֣֮£ȰǲҪ֡
ңһɽ̫ˣȻôݣô棬Ҳ֮֮
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ƨħ̣Ŀֵô֮Уδûĳ֮ˣħ棬Ҳȱ֮ˡ
ʱȺԴǵĵԲӣħ֮䣬ƺǲݵģд˵ۣ֪ħ̡
һҼȲڼΪҲħˣƽֻһңˡ˲ƽ֮£涨ȥܣ죬һǱˣ˭ҡ
ɵȺһҳ֣Լ־Բ飬ɴαȥ
Ⱥĵ̣֮Ц֮Уһġ
Ⱥմ
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˵⻰ʱϴҲû裬ưﻹǱȽϰģԣ˶һ
ʱԸоõһ桢ӡ򲻿˼Ŀ⣬˹֮⣬ȻĻ
˵˱˵Ůѣô˵
ΪŭССһżƯǵͨ죬ʵ
ʲôʱҺã֣֮һʮǮķַѣԼŮѡ
ָ¹ΪɷŭûзŭһֿСĿ⿴ĺ˵˵Ϲһ˿Ц


136 
ʵ֮УûǮҲûʲôȨ˵ĸ߶ȴһˣѾˡ
ĨڣҲϣֻΪ˰ССһСæ˵Ŀƨ¡
֮࣬ҪĨ飬ʹССӡˣ˵ģ֮÷ĸ顣
ͶӡܲĨˣССǿŭ⣬ֻǼɵ˾ݺԸԭվƿڴ޳ܡ
ͷѧҵԽԽ࣬һа˰ٶ򣬵´ѧľҵѹҲԽԽ󣬲֪Ҳ
ССԾڵĹʧȥݹҵĹ²ףԣ
ССĵ˭˭ǣҲ磬ȻŮѣңʲô
ССĻ˵ޣȴģеһڹ˾ְԱ˳ֲǴȻҲ˳
ò˵ƤȻչҺͷˣϲ㣬ϽҵĻһúöġ
תͷֶ˵飬ҺѾˣ㻹ϲĻȥ׷Ҳġ
޳ܣ
޳ܣ
һԱߣһǴǸġ
˭˭ں˵˵
һתŭȵ
ҪССǰַȣúȥ֣⣬黹еµġ
һΣмţˣҲ֪һ㣬֮ʱһ̡
ҳ鷢ȴζʰ˾룬˸Լʵϴһˡ
һת;ˣеʮֳԾ⣬һ£κĵ硭ôˡ
ոմ޳ܵˣСһ𳤴÷Ͷ뵽Ļ
Сϲ£ʱഩһȹӣƤȽϺڵŮˣȹһÿһȹӣֻеƤţ̰𪣬ˡ
СʱƯɰԽԽԽԽƯͤͤȵһЩνŮǣҪƯ
һμ鷢֣Լļ˼£ȻԱƽûܽ׷¡
ǰʮ꣬Сĸ飬ô׾ͿԷµģ˿̵ı֣Ѿܲˡ
ո֪Լ֮ʱɱ˼УһȲƲסԼȴҪ˺ܶࡣ
ټֹܲˮҲ˼£ȴһ㲻ԣûˡ
߹ʱ򣬼飬ŲȻһ٣Ȼµļǰߣͬûп
ŭýҪð۾ϣģ޲ҪƵġ
ҧгݵĵո˵ʲô
װɵ˵ʲôʲôû˵
װɵǰɣո˵Ѿҷˣʲô˼
Ŷ˵ǸҺ˵ģ㲻Ҫ档
ȻǸӣˣ㻹̫ǶˣҵȻҪֻ̤еӳϣһһĴָڣֻ˵һ仰Ǹ
ػһ˵꣬һƳ
СʱһȽϹɵСζƤĺһ𳤴󣬼ʹʵҲᱻıɼǿ֮ˡ
ĸ飬ȷʵģ˵ദҲãɣҵ֮󣬾޴ܲˡ
ھֻⷿڳţƤѢһǡдķ䶼ûУֻȥ
СʱûԹ࣬ɣѧ꣬ѾԶũٻֶӵ״̬е㲻ˡ
ҪǣصѧҵֻǶѧҵģòڣҵĹĹãҲ˲١
֣һЩСվǰǸССӰԺбѡԵ
оٶҲһԱȣ涼ڣڣֵơ
۵һ£ھܾϴҪ֮ԸоԼ齵ࡣ
ڹ֮ʱ䶼˹ϣûʱ˵ǹæȴؾ쵽еĲԾ


137 ֱ
һˣҲһˣĲԾ֮Լ顢ٵֶΣͼһЩߡ
鵽ϣҪᣬ΢˽ãһ£룬һͿ⡣
ݱŮҲͰˣȻ˵Լˣðɣֱ̡
Īʮ崿һСŮӣȴıȽ׳һŭ֮£һƳ˹ȥ
ϧŪһ飬ڰˣ԰򲻻֣һ߳ĵˣҲһơ
ʵһһƳȥ֮ʱһץסֳ֣˻ȥµˣҴҡ
оֵı۾ɫৡһ±ѩף΢΢
һ̣ˣ֪ԼΪϵܣֻǣںѾеˣһǶ㲻˵ġ
ǣ˺þãҲûиоʹȺĿֱ׽סˡ
Ŀӣʮֱ䣬׺ݣ飬һҪҾ㣬ǻˣҲùġ
Ц㲻ǮˣΪ޷𣬶ƫƫ㡣
Ų´ЬģǶģսҲмּɵ
ֵҲ湻ģ˦ˣ㻹άֲֻܱ˦
һôܡ
һ˦֣ŵŵš˼һ£˲ˤڵء
ոգץסֱۣоһֹϣôѣҸоһĵʹֱĵס
ҵʹеŤˣֻǿûбֳѣȴǲǰ
һ˦һӣҪˤڵ֮ʱ˫ֳһµ棬ȴоһʹûܳס
ۼһҪڵϣ䲻ݷ֮ʣתһӣŵأ顱һ֮£ˡ
ʹȴϲе裬ȥһܣգǿסˡ
һֱ֣óԼĶ֣ʹٳȥҲֻаķݣֻˡ
л˵úãúǰԣӱʮ겻ЩﾯԼģһҪÿ
ллл㡣
Լĸоܸӣԥ˰Σǿлˡ
һ֣䵭ĵãԺѣò۾ˡ
תưһƬžһڹ˾ְԱɵɵĿߵ¹ʣ֪ӦԣǸðǴ绰߸ɴ಻ܡ
֪ǵΪֹˣССССҪȥˣأ
ɨһ۾ưеľ棬ССҲȥˣæһɡ
ССȥ֮ԶÿһͨĿ⣬壬η塣
һȥ飬ȥ֮˫ŰȹӣСŸ
ˤڵ֮һʱ飬΢һЩ֮ʱȴٰ򣬲
֮ʱҲûֻ֣ǽͷţӲ£ͷڹꡣ
顢ССһǰһ뿪㿪ȺлԶңһʱԴе㷢ɣϡССôʶţ˵ģҲΪСС
ССڵĹ˾ҵļҵս˾ξеȨǲСģ˹˾ＸԱɱȨ
أССǵĺˣлԶңʮģڹ˾ﻹܻܲȥ
лԶңССĹϵܺãһֱǺýãڹ˾ʮ׽СС뿪ˣлԶңһеѹ
лԶңΪССͷԣлԶңǲҵģԸݹ
顢ССʧ˾ư֮ҹɫУڵϲһվϵĻҳ
һ̧ͷư˶ڴĿԼһ죬̶һ߷֮⸡ͷ
ʲôʲôÿģûġ
˫һɣݺݵĿˣ
νٴһѹˣһְԱҪǲη壬Ŀѹ֮£ͷ
һְԱķӦе⣬ֵʱ䣬֪úõڹϰûôˣϵᵽ˽ҿɢˡ
ˣŭ뿪ˡ


138 еĽٷ
һ˾ưɣһ紵ССʱһоЩ䣬ĵǲǸое䣬ҵϰɡ
˵һףʵֻһз齫֮£ֻʣһˡ
ڼϵз˽ССЦЦлл㡣

СС󣬼·֮䣬Ǣӣġ
ΪʲôΪʲô㲻ǿͽˣڣԱŮᣬΪʲôôܡ
ƴĸԼ鲻УֻһССľƯھƴһӣһӶǲԼҪ
ʶ˸˼ҵݳ֪ԼҲ߹ȥˣ֮䣬ҲٻزǰֻԽԽԶ
Ųͣ£ССӰԶȥһ飬ת߽һС

صССһط˯ˣ鿪ŵĺ󱳣СС죬˵Щʲôģգû˵ڡ
һ˯ͣ𴲣оеȥСҵԵģһ򿪷ţȴССڳæ
ССк磬ˡ
ţССǸʲô緹𣿡
ССĳƺһ£ҲûȥڸɵȤ
ССǰԷ
ԣһϲҳԷ̫ˣеˡ
ȻһЦСС΢һ¾ͺˣٳһˡ
ƵóССһֺóգַӾͽһ˿ŪˣǰѾõĲˣ緹Ūˡ
æѼ˰ᵽССĲ֮ϣСС֪óƿơƣȸ鵹һԼһ
ƱССмص磬ǶлˣҾһ
֮Ͷѡ
þƱССһ£齫оһ
ˣССˣҺгԹ»ǣ㣬Ժڹ˾ӾͲùˡ
е㵣ǵĵ
ССƽĵû£Ѿ׼ְˡ
˵֮ǰССźڹ˾ĻϷһУССʶĿˣǼֱһޡ
һƷңִԼ˾ڣСС֪ڹ˾Ǵȥˣְ
üͷ΢΢һ壬̶ְҲãڹ˾ܵ޾ɧţְڵĹ̫Ұɣְˣʱ֮ڣҵ¹𣿡
ССû£й飬һݹӦûġ
ǾͺãǾͺá
˵ҹʵһʹ꣬ѧҵʱΪҵһݹɻСʱ䡣
󣬺òҵһݹȴҪ̰ڣӰ࣬һ»Ǯһ˵ð
˿֮۾һ̲סĴָ޵óԣ
ССһЦúóԾͺãǾͶԵ㡣
ɲԺϵļ̲ˣ󲿷ĶӣССüЦ
꣬һãסһóԡ
ССЦ磬ȻϲĲˣ磬ԺǴô
ð֮á
ʰ֮ʱ鱾ǰȥæȴССֹˣ˵ʲô˲Ӧ³Ƴ˳
ɳϣе£˵ӣϵػ̨һЩѪĿջϱìܵĵӾ磬ʵûȤ
һ̨ڲţǸòŮű׼ͨһţʾһǿе龰
һԴźɫͷ׵ӣһ˽ĻıңЯӣѾȫͨȫ׷ˡ
֮ʱûǹеֻ֣һˮȴб͸Χ֮£˳ȥ
бûֻеɣЩУǹģˣˡ
ݵϵĲŻ棬Կӵһ֣ھǹ֮£˿жΪѸ١
ӵķӦҲΪһΣ㿪ӵ֮ʱ˼졣
˵һ֣ʵ
֮
ӽٷ˵书ʵǸʲôӱԼҰ˼ŵķҪһЩʵУһ֡
ֻǣ鲻ǣһ֣ɵʲôŪǮȥУ͹һԿ


139 ǰ
ռߡ
ƸϡʱԺ
ʲôռߣôֳֹôĶ
к
ûΥ涨ûǰ¶̫Ҳò֣˵¶ǲ̫Ӱ졣ĺˣһѿռ˵
ǣΪٻߵЧ£ʱֲᷢԵġ
û£ƶĹռϢ籣ܲסģֻ֪Ϳˡңһ𽥷ſߵƣʵУԷӳʮ֮һʵƼ߽ռȨ
ˣʱһҪӴչĲˣ
ԣռѾһǧߣ̽ͶӰռҲﵽʮҵָ˲٣ѾչˡٶȻһڣݵڵͶӰռڶ֮࣬࣬ӿٶȵĻ֪Ҫ²ܹЩͶӰռһһ̽ԣҪӿٶȡ
ͷ⡣
֪ܲȫʢʱڣڻָ뷨жһ
ӿչĲҲûл෴вٺôȻûɾܾ
ֻǣЩģ˵ŪȥĻϵǿ߻ԽԽֲ̫࣬ƣһã´ҵġ
ȷʵһ뷨ռ䶼ڵ򸽽ڵͶӰռ䣬񻹲ǿ
һ£ǿʱ򣬱ͶӰռһЩǿռķʶҲǿ϶١
ЩͶӰռ䣬˸ҰʵָȫʢʱڣҪøǿ
ͶӰռ֮ͶӰռķʶǿͶӰռ䣬ȫˣԼǿʲôز
ͶӰռ̫࣬Ҫſ̽Ĺһϰ˿ڣ࣬ǲ緱ǵͶӰռ䣬ȴԵ̫ˡ
ԣ趨ĶߵĳͷԵñȽᣬ㸺һ֮ʱĨɱߵؼ䡣
˵Ĩɱʵһεķӡ֣ǿԽ⿪ģεķӡҲֻ֣ſɽ⿪˵Ǹԭ
ĨȥؼߣлٴνռģȻ;ΪһЩ
̽ͶӰռ䣬Ҫ̫࣬׳־չģĿһȥʵ֣վǱܵġ
ȻҪӴŵĲȫܣɴͽ޵ƣſһˡ
ʵеһǶռؽάϾռǵԴȪ
⣬ЩĨɱ˹ռߣ䱻ĨˣʵȴᱻƣһԷӡ
Ȼû˼䣬Щ˳ҲᷢԼ쳣ʵӵһֵʵһˣֻеùķˡ
֮ܶ񿪷ռ䣬ǸһЩģȴվЩֻ֪Ĩɱֻߵռ䣬൱һӶĴӪ
ռĿģǵΪ߻ɱΪߣȥ̽ͶӰռ䣬
ѾΪһ壬ڣѾ˽⵽ˣȻΪһ塣
ȷʵһǿıûһĻӲ
һûʹõĻҲɱˣ񱻴֮ʱ޶ĵһ׼򣬱Ϊһߡ
ռ֮ͨѧǿʵһܺõ;Ҳвٵķ
Ըоõǰãһϸ֮Ժ֮У֮о˺Եĸı䡣
ǹ֮ӿԺ֮У鵱оĿԺƱǰ࣬ͷӦǿࡣ
ǰ̺ͼǲģѧУɼҲῼϴѧ
ǹ֮£ԸоԼ˲٣ڼϵıʮԣȻĿ
ӹŵ񣬿ĿˣǺţģõôıͬʮġ
ǿø֮ԱȻһǿ󣬶Ȼ޳ǿԡ


140 ɱ
ҲкüˣѧǼ꣬ñȽɺͿ֮⣬ҵ֮ɹ
Ǯóʱ䶼ûгȥãҲҪһʱúúһ¿ռķչɴൽȥһ¡
߽ũ壬ũһĿھܱߵĽһ塢Ķأе˵
˽ȷʵҪȳ΢һЩܿ羰ȤͬʱҲˣԺһЩǿŵԱ룬侯ֱȡ
ֱȽϿɵ̬ȣȻʹʵгӣЩǿˣδûԸܷɵԼ
еĽٷأռѧֹ򣬱Ѿƶֱˣһھ춼޿κΡ
ԺԽԽ࣬ǿصʵ㣬İҲ뱣һİҵˣǲԸ⿴ġ
֣ҰĵĻδزʶ壬ֻǣǷ룬Ը⻪ƽȵĹɡ
ʱ֣̤ϦֵͰװż㣬׼ȥũ˸Ūһ£ͻȻоΣգεһΡ
ԱƿһλಡһХ֮£һ֦Դֻһľ롣
Ҳհ
һ䣬һ̤׷бǰһɫ·ıӰڿȥ
һ̤һΣһӰ׷˵󣬻δ֣Ѿתһͱȥ
˶Ȼǹɱֵģоʮ񣬾ûпΣ˿ԲҲˡ
ң˵ĳʮͨڶȺк۵֣Ǿ߱ɱֵһ
飬ù̽ץס˵֣һеذء
һ˵ϣĹͷεշȴץסֱһ顱һ˵ϣ
ſڵϣһһΪΪĿù
˹ȥŵ˵ǰȻ̧ͷкһܣһֻһ㺮ȥ
ǵһ룬һϸ룬ɢϢ֪ϱо綾С˵˵ֶմ֮
˵ĶǷմ֮鲻֪Բöմϵġ

شһһɵİ߾һһ㣬ײһ֮ϡ
ٶȣʵ죬ɣ鿴ȴһƲڷʮ
⻹״飬֪񴫵ǹɱϢãԼĴˣøӶĿҶΣҲΪ
鴵һײ϶룬һ½䣬˼ˣ۾һµɵùԲ¶ź;֮ɫ
ߣǲģһ봵䣬붼룬Ǹ˿ġ
ȥһŲ˵ؿϣ΢һ㻹ʲôֶΣóɡ
ȡȿȡ
Ȼֻ΢΢ȴԳܣֻؿھʹ˳ˡ
齫̧˲ſ˵⡭ôܣôôԣԣһˡ
˵˭أ˵˭ɱҵġ
ŭһţһѪ
˵ͷȥտڲԣһֿ׵ӡ
üͷ壬ЦСӣҪܴˡ
ȥס˵һֻ֣Ĵָʳָһָס¶֮ɫʲô
㲻ӲҿǲӲӡ
ָһһꡱ˵һָһ±˷飬һҽмͬʱ
һָ˷ʹ࣬ɲκ˶ܹܵģһɱ֣ɱΣ־ȴʹࡣ

ҽ֮˵ϣ亹Ϫһʶ£ˮ¡䣬һ涼ʪˡ
ڲҽ֮ʱæ˵˵Ҫˡ
޺޵һ󣬽ָǰ˳÷飬һĲҽУε֮£ſ˵ָ
˵ɡ
ѪһԵʮңԼΪһɱûôҹһӶôҹ
ͬħһˣٲӲˣͬͲһһж˵ˡ


141 ͬ
һĹףСʱһҹģܹ˼ҲҲ˱ˣһͷӵŮˡ
һ֮ȵĶĹֱȾƣÿ֮󣬱һ٣ΪȤ
ʮ֮Ⱦͳˣڽϻ죬ٻȥƾһɺݾҲһЩͷ
ʮ֮ʱȱսһÿڵĴпأΪһɱ֡
ʮ꿪ʼ񣬴Сʮδɱɹʼߣﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮϣǲɹΪ׼֣Ҳߡ
û뵽һȴһôǿжһ㣬ֻɿӰһɽԼĿ䡣
뿴ףɣȷʵôյģ꣬Ҳǻ˴򣬲硣
һ˳ӵлɱĿ꣬õıǿ룬ֱɱΣþֲκζߡ
һȱΪɣ¾벻﷭ҵ³
ڽһ֮ʱѾ׼ˣڽƮܲյģᰤһ
ȱְҵأʲôģֻǣ̱ܲƹʲôˡ
鲻֪ȵ룬֪Ļһ˵̱ƹˣֺֽһЩѨַʹ

оԼ̫ùˣĪǣǱ˶ʮĳͷҵһǮǻӾͲ˵ˣȻ˰ˡ
¶ĳǺһˣеһɣȴָоۡۡ
һΣĬĬ뿪ˣԼĳⷿģȥһӣ뿪
벻ǣڰҹʱ֣˴ԼķԼ°ˡ
ҹ˯죬Ȼȴ˳Լǰλεĵӣʱŵð
УȴҽгӱţֻùԹԵϣװ˴һ·֪ȥ
Ӳﱻų֣ԼһյķСķ䣬棬ܾûᡣ
֪˶ã˽һ⣬֮еˣǰ
ţſվţ˽ֽŹϣЦٺ١Цû뵽ɣ䵽ҵ
ʶ˷ʲôмȻֺڣȴֲòѹ»ңʵʲô˼֪֪ǰܣϿңػܵɵƲá
ɣ
Ц˿ֻʧˣ㣬Զټ̫ˣֻᱻȦĻܵŶ
һ˵ţһߡٺ١Ц͸аĹâ´޲ýˡ
㡭ʲô
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Ц˵أ㻹ǴҰɡ
һˣȴɵĶ˿ȥ٣˻֮£ڽסˡ
ڵϣѹ£Ҫȥϵӣ󺰴е㲻Ҫǿ飬ܵɵƲõġ
Ц㺰ɣɣƺҲģ㻹ǡ

Ļﻹδ˵꣬㱻һҽȡˣȴһҧֱϣʹġ
æζֱۣҪݣСһҧסɿڣŭ֮£һƳϡ
һƣʹȫνֲˣһȥָӡ
ϺһƬһӡӣŵɫ;ֵС۾˾óɣûһһ֮󣬻ޣһơ
ƣˣ֪ɿ˿ڣæˣһֻһȦӡѾӡѪð˳
ͷ߷ߣȥһţˡ
ϰһţʹޱȣӣ˫ֱȣۿеˮڴתˣȴûе
˿̵ʮо£ǿԼ¸һ㣬һԼǰᡣ
̧ǿݣ¶Ŀ⣬ηĶе£ѹĵס
ĿţЩëŭȵң䵽ҵ㵹ùûһ㣬Ŀͷԡ˵꣬һˤţ˳ȥ
뿪»ָ˼žеˮҲѹֲסߵ¡


142 콵
ֹ˰죬һδ˿Ӱſ֮ʱɫһӽжʱӿ𾪾塣
ţ˽æһӣָȵ㡭Ҳˡ
ΪȻЦΪһӣҾˡ
һ˵ţһ߱˹ȥһСĽӡ
ֻһֻֽϻȻ㣬һߺˣһ߽е㡭
ѾԵȻǲģƵǽǣ˹ȥӭͷһ
ͷأ֮ʱһӴͷϷ˹ȥѸЦҿ㻹ʲô취
˵꣬һȥ˫ס˫ۣѹһǽϣ붯ֶš
Ҫ
ĴУҵҪıȴվΪѲ
Ҫȥ·֮ʱ˫ֽ˳һץϣѪۡ
еϻʹŭûʲôϧ֮ģһƣˡ
Ȼȥ·Ȼʹְһƣ֮ݣ·Դɱɱĸĳˡ
صİƴϣõǣѾѪ˿ÿҲ˲١
ȻԸһںͱ֮£ҲԵΪˣε˺ϵ·
ۼҲҪ˺££ɤӶˣȴҲ赲Ϊ
һ̣ڵóӶˣĺˣӦմϧʱ֮ӡ
һ̣˱üΪ·һ˲䱻ϵĹͷʩΪ
ɥʧ˶־ȴһ̣Ȼѹ˫ֱǰסԼزʹҲҪסԼס
ʱһ뷨ֹˣǾҧԾ
ͷѾ֮䣬ֻҪ΢һҧͷһʱ²˿ȥ
飡
¶˾ģҪҧԾ֮ʱűһ߿һ˴˽

һǶϲȼ˶־Ҳһ±ʼҵȶ
ľ޴󶯾Ҳˣзŭ֮£һתĸ۵ģҴү
ף㣬顣
һΪĵôôġ
ĿһɨһĶˣüͷһ壬ĵſ
Цôˣ⡣ңãÿһ
һ壬ӵҲ꣬ڼʱԭʼʱ۽׶Σδжôɾ
ҺһֱŲĹϵͻÿڣϵ׽һЩƽʱʲô飬ཻɡ
裬ʵ˰Ͱɱ¡
úܺã˵ᳵ·ûһ⣬ɱһ£ҲΪ⡣
ٴμ֮ʱǸеô򵥣ʮֲͲ⣬ҲûȥΪǸɱûҵ顣
˹ȴϲͻÿ֮أκ˽ǽ̶Ѩ
ߣ֪
˫΢΢һУһ
һ̤һΣֻоǰһѾǰ죬ӱ㱻סˡ
һסĲӣ˫֮еһҪȥĸоͷ
졭ſҡ
˫ҵţҪȴ
롣
ͺһһӣ顱һ˵֮ϣԴŵصģ۷֮£˹ȥ
ϵףݸ߹ˣϰɡ
˽˵ģٴγϣϣ֮߳һ½ռġ
һֱͷ̧ͷȥ飬ӹףСĵллл㡣
Ҳµһȴ֪Σ֮ܿǰȣȴζѾԭֻǲԹ۰ˡ
Ůˣ˻ǴСһ𳤴÷䵽Ĺȥ
ˣңǳȥ
˵һ䣬תȥ
߳ûиתüȥô
ǿҧס촽ڿƲסˣϻ䣬Բ𡣡
Сʱֽ˶ģĸĸ֮Լ֣ĳ顣
ԴӸ֮ٲκ˽ԭֻ⣬үү̺үүȥֻ֮һ˿ôС
飬Уϣɡ
һ仰̤ȥ


143 ͻ
ǾбȽƫƧһЩĽֵϣһȽһԺ䣬ͻÿ֮ڣνɭϣǿơ
Ժһڽ̸˵ĵλɲͣһͻÿڵһͻÿڵĸҲͻÿڵһܴ֮ˡ
Ф𲨣˵ԪҵСӣǲˡ
ĽԪǵģСظ»СŮˣҪɱһˣɳȡ
Ф𲨵СӰ¿ԣҪۿɲܵˡ
ĽԪЦͷĺˣأҿɺݺһʡ˵Сȥ²ǸŮˣʮƯ벻ʶһ£
Ф΢һüǳ˵˵ȥʣµģִǲǡ
ĽԪƤЦĵҿûǸ˼ֻһ£㲻ĻҵҪʶһ£˵ǸŮ˳ļ
ˣˣ㣬ֻҪֳӾС
İڰ֣Ф𲨲Ϊĵ
˵ӣ鷳СʨλˣҪ
һתĽԪ
Ф𲨺ǳ˵ֻܹ˵𣿡
Ǻǳ֮Ф𲨵ȴأеݵ˼
ĽԪ˵ʨýưֱϽã̬ʮǿӲһ㶼ûѰ뵱ʲô
Фɻʨȷʵе㲻ԾһҰĲСҲֻ֪ǣĸ߳һ
꣬ټĵһž˸ƵģѾ˵ڶ
̵һڶԹסһѱ֮ˣÿڵҲֳ˱ϵĹ
ȡ֮еһЩȨߣδû˼ȴû˸ô
Ϊðе˶Ƴ˲ԣÿڶǳһֹ̬ȣûгõ˼
ĽԪ˵ȻѾˣǱ˺ôĻΪġ
Ф𲨵ͷţ˵ĺܶԡ
ĽԪʵߵһͻøô죬ǷҪ
Ф𲨵˵Ҫʱٿ
һÿڣáʨáͻáѸúãǰֱϽÿڣĸÿɰеһЩǿߴ
ϰʱȻ޶ɣϰˣ°λÿڣĸÿʵѾˣ̫Ӱĺ
İ֮λ˵Фûһ֮⣬ǲʵģֻصĺܺãһֱûбֳ
Ф𲨲ԸǸͷȴˮ㣬ȷԸŻ
ˣˡ
̸صĻ⣬Ф𲨺ĽԪ̳Ĭ˼ְĻûгã㱻洫Ľˡ
ѵһű͵ƿˣһʮ˽Ķˣ¶ϲɫµ²ˡ
ʲôôң֪̩ɽڶɫΪİڣҪһõʣҽ£ʲô
Ļδ˵꣬ФѾȻɫվָ꣬һͷĳ
һʱ䣬걻Фˣ˫۵ɵùԲ֪Լʲôʮ飬˱ŭ
ФΪʲôŭǲҷģԼĿֲһǿһˮ԰ʮֵĺˡ
ֱʹˣФ𲨲ŵ˵ɣ׷ʲô飬ôСֵġ
սսĵá桭ңǲٵĵ֣Ӷˡ
⻰һ˵Ф𲨵վܲмֲŭ֮ƣ˸ͻõңǻòͷˣԪߣȥ
˵űǰУͻȻʲôƵģ㲻ǰʵ˵ӣǲίСӣ
ǵġ
ĽԪФЦСġ
ĽԪɫе㲻ÿݺݵصģСӸô鷳˴£һúõʰġ
Ф𲨰ڰ֣⵹ãҺͻõĹϵϾôͻô鷳Ҫʾųɡ
ĽԪȻģˡ
߳ӣǰҴҸȥ;вͻõİڼ룬ǰԺѴﵽʮˡ
֪˵ͻ£ڰȺӿһߣ첲ӣ׷¶ֱϵ
ųƾǵһɣĺڵǴɱɱģ˶еĹϵʮû˸鷳
һ˸ҴͻõİŭˣɱȥЩһЩѵ֪ͻõ
ǰ棬֮вˣһЩԼһЩѰһЩڵϡߺ󡱵ģ۾һƬҰ


144 书
ÿֵܵ״ФֻһɻֱðԴӳΪͻ֮󣬻δ˸ÿҰ
˭˭ͻҰ
Ф𲨵Ĵ֮Ժл졣
ȥˣȥ׷ɣٲ׷ˡ
һڵϣ˫ֱȵ
Фһ֣ɿȥԪߣȥ
Ф𲨺ĽԪ׷ȥԺһЩƽİԾҲ֮߰ࡣ
֮뿪ʱѾ˲ˣȥ֮ʱÿ˳౻ȫ򵹡
֣Ҳзִ磬ûдˣ˽ǣҪһʱѡ
ѣ
߳ͻÿûԶ㴫һŭĽŲͣתȥ
ԺһڰֵܵĲ״Фڷŭ֮ʱҲأΪӦˣǺܴ֡
룬׷ֻ֮ˣеŮӣֱӺԣעȫϡ
Фһ߹ѣôƺΪͻÿڵҡ
˵Ф򰵰裬Էһ˿Էŵÿôֵܣ˵ʵΪСˡ
һ㵹ǻᵹһң˰ҵѣ˵ҵңΪ޷𣿡
鵭ݵӣһʱסˣôʱ飬̫ˣǰࡣ
ǰ飬Ȼ£ÿһ£޷˵ϳ壬ܻԵʮּͱֵʱ
òʶǣֵúǿǰҲȴᣬǰֵ棬뵽֡
ĻФ𲨵üͷ΢΢һ壬֪Ļȷʵͻͻʲôʱ򽲹
Ф𲨳ĻҲ˵ˣ˵ͻÿôˣô㣿
Цô㣿
Ф𲨵ֵµĹҲǽˣǽ£һ򲻽ȭͷֻҪʤùɳˣյ±ˣΣ
ͷá
ǰһ˿Ӱ˵жȴûĸܣգȻϣ鲻档
Фһϲãʹ졣
תͷĽԪФ𲨵Ԫһսûаգ
ĽԪһԡ
Ф𲨶Ԫ˹ͣҪСһЩ
ĽԪȻͷİɣҲͻö˵ġ
Ф𲨴ϲãľͺá
ĽԪĿɲƽ׶ģǽʵ֮ϵģһ۵侯ӦʵеͶһá
ĽԪܴ򣬱ųһֵҲ٣ݸ߸ߵģΪ򲻹
ȥףһ¼⣬ĽԪǰǻӻ֣һЩ
˻ӭȥ˫ľ뿿һ֮أĽԪȻֻȥǧӡ
ֱĽԪһţһƴһФ𲨼֮а֣ѵԼ˲ɡ
ơ飬Сġ
˴󾪣æѡ
Ĵ󺰴ƣĽԪһŵǰŽ΢΢һΣһһĽԪ䴦
žһ죬齫һ죬ĽԪβܿƵתһȦһ˳ȥֱФȥ
Ф𲨱һԿ֣ϣ콵ĽԪ˹׼׼Ķ
ʱФѡһĽԪڵϣǽţһȡ
ûôԥФȥſ˫֣ĽԪ£Ϊϵܺõĺô¼Ф𲨲ĿĽԪˤˡ
ֻǣФСһҪûʹһӣȴ̺Ī
ĽԪڻһɼǿײФ𲨡ŵŵš˳˺üҲδվȣһˤΪ˹غ«
û°ɣ
ôˣ


ͻȻıʣüͻõİڴ󾪣׷ǰȥФ𲨺ĽԪвѡ
һФ𲨺ĽԪ£ȥλ𣬳ȥѵһ٣붼롣
֮ǰ֮ʱʮȥ˫֣Ǽʮ˶ͻôܺˣںɵɱ֮У¹͡
ļʮˣַӽǷŷˣʱֻһУͻкܰھλɹغ«Ļ˸ǰ
·𣬺þòŻФĿ¶Ŀ飬Īǣ书ֲɣ
Ϊһαõ˽侯ĽԪʹˣֵµĹҲûз£ƽʱԸʮ˲⣬ֵ£һжûŹĽԪš
ָ֣ʲô˼
ĽԪĶ⣬Ф𲨵Сȴ˶Уæ˵ľаγʵ
Ф𲨵ԺٸͣȽ½ˡ
ΪͻФ֪صϢ˵ǰ书֣ȻڣֻǣЩ书ֶײֵģѾûгˡ
ЩФǲŵģʲô书֣һЩֱ侯ȭ֮ģϺĸ˰ɡ
ɣգǾĳ֣Ф𲨲Ȼ֣Լǰ֪Ǵģ书Ǵڵġ


145 
뿪Ф𲨳һһ·ˣæһתֵֵǣ
ФͷĽԪں棬ЩͻڣҲŵĨͣȥ
صͻãФ𲨷Ըȥðаڻæϵƣõǣ˶ϸ첲ȣû̫صġ
ðĽԪФһӣ͵ʵո˵ʲô书ʲô˼ѵѾ֪Ǹ˵ݡ
Фҡͷ֪ҿȷǸһ书֣С˵书֡
ʲôôܣС˵ĲǼٵ𣿡
ĽԪˣΪŵ
Ф𲨵ֻС˵ΪѣĹҲǿ˰ɣôûٶ֡ոǸˣΪжǿ
ĽԪü˼֮󷽵֪˵ʵɲ⣬£Դüġ
Ф𲨵Ԫ֪֪
ĽԪǸ˵кĻ˺ڵ֯
Ф𲨵ͷǵģ˵ǸһСɣﻹ˲书ֽפá
ĸ֣ղһ
ĽԪʵ
Ф𲨵ǵġ
ϢĽԪ֮⣬¶һĽԪûнӴĽһʱסˣûز
ǣƽûмЩֵһӰӰ
ĽԪɻ
Ф𲨵ѾǾǵһˣȻЩֳ֡ǰڶʱЩֳֵӰӣڻļΣеĪȻЩ书ֳˡ

ĽԪӦһ˼ȴеƮԶˡ
꣬Ϊ侯֮ʱĽԪҲִйһЩ񣬶һЩĪڻǸ˴ֵģĪǣд˵ĹҰȫʮֺ鶼ʵڵġ
뵽ĽԪɿЦһ£ˮĺԭԼӴĲ棬ߵĲ档
ˣε飬Ǹô
ĽԪʵ
Ф𲨵üͷһε£СģͷѰֵܵҽҩѺ;ʧˡǸҿϱɣó֡
Фͻĳеʰһ٣һûԳһڵеƣʱһɵķȥԳһЩ̸
ĽԪõϱǸ˵书ٸߣҲֲס磬ɸȥ
һ˵ĽԪһֱһǹơ
Ф𲨷С书ֵж˭ûмǹеܲܶԸˣһġ˵Ҳʶһõжǿʵ
Դϰ֮°ֱϽúһήˣǿФ𲨶С֮ġ
һףФ𲨲֪ԭԼһֱûпõʵ
ĽԪ۾һĴָ޵Ǻ⣬Ǹȥ̽̽õĵףǵжصʵ

뿪ͻ֮һ·ȥ·ϣ·Ǵ򳵣˶û˵ʹԳơ
͵ſڣ׼뿪ˣơ飬Եȵ𣿡
ͣ½Ųĵʲô𣿡
Ĭһ£Խȥȱ𣿡
һֻǵˣ˾ţϢɡ
㡭㻹ǹҵģԲԣ
ͻȻ
䵭ĵˣ㲻Ҫ˼ˣϢɡ
˵껰뿪
Ҫ˵ܽȥһ𣿡
ˣʲô飬˵ɡ
ţǳõĳĬһԣΪֻˣԼʱ˵ˡ
ֻĵصǸöһΣͼıûеóѣԺ˵һΣԣҿɲ԰ᵽķӸ
ˣԺҲ鷳ģ㾡ܷĺˡ
ĵһ㣬Ҳ뵽ˣ䲻£ȴҲķƵģʱ̱ϾѾŮˡ
㲻棬³еҲˣټ۽粻ͬɴһЩˣӽռ䣬Ƿгɾͣ㿴Լˡ
뷨ȴˣΪҪɵʧɫĵ飬ɲǷģҲֵܲá
΢΢ü˵ʲô˼
㡭㲻ɱ𣿡
ЦһĺˣҲɵģſĺˣˡ

ϻؼɫѾˣ׼С㷹ԣȴֻϵһţֱӻˡ
ţűˣССϲݣǰ
һ֮ʱСС¶ϲɫ磬ˡ
ţˡ
Ӧһ
æӭССָϵķˣ磬Ѿˣһ԰ɡ
ֱ֮ССһţ˵Ѿˣԡ
ϴ֣Ա£СС˷һԣ鷳ˡ
СС鷳ģһⷿӣÿ춼ҪģɴཫһҲˡ
صһ˷˵Լָоʮ֮Уûиܹģһůĸо
ǣһССҲռˣңԸһŴͷһЩ


146 
ڶ죬ԥǲǸ÷ռ䣬һʱƴȴ
ſƴϣĸ⣬ʵôҵġ
ƴصصɽơ
üʲôƣò˽̽ҵסɡ
ƴϡٺ١Ц
ɫԭˡ
һֱӹţ׼ƴϹ档
˫סţƴϴдµ磬߰£ҽȥɡ
ĵСӶб˽̽ˣʲôƽˣɴԼˡ
ƴȻֵʾҲСԱ飬ȴʵڲ̫Զһġ
ۼŽҪϣƴϽֱ쵽ŷһƴϵҽгˡ
ֱÿһҾͲˡ
ƴϵ
ƴϹŲӵÿǲÿ㲻ҽȥҾͲÿ
ƴȻ竣ȴҲЩƢͼͣ϶˵飬ײı䣬һأ˾
ЦΪҾûˣ
һץסƴϵ֣һƣ޴վȣߵˤ˸ͷ󣬡顱һŽرˡ
ռ֮Уƴ־һ磬̫ʦ磬ѧ˳̫Ծ˲Сĳ˭룬ǰȻǲһ
ԽƴԽϲֶθԼҲаգٲõı۸ˡ
ͬʱƴҲе㻳ɣ鼫пҲռ䣬ôĪ;д˵ʵ
ռ֮Уڶ࣬ʵģȱȽǣƴϲ²⣬бȽϿǰ
ƴϹ⣬ΪȺƬ֮ۼӦû뿪ģ룬ƴϻд־ս׼
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ССѰҹ˾ϢΪͶҹ׼ƴϵĺУ΢΢ü
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СС˵
ǺðɣСӽ
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ƴϴϲ磬ڿҽȥˡ
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ɳ£ССƴϵһϣƴæվӹллɩӡ
ССһ㶣΢죬֪ƴˣæ͵ˣҲŮѣֻͨѡ
Ŷ֪֪
ƴӦһ磬Ҫ
鵭ĵʲô鷳ǲҪ˴ܣҪҳͷҸ㣬ǲܡ
ƴϵԣ黹˽һЩģһ첻¡ز£Ψ²ҵɶûУƤȴžͨ
ƴȻ磬ô֪һβһǲǴܣ̨䡣
ų̈䣿ʲô
Ȥƴ˾ͷй̨֮£ϸϸһ飬Լ
ƴԼһε̨䣬Ͳ֮һβ˿ϰݣ˶¹ƴϣٴα
ƲʮƣƺˣõȫԶԸƴϣȴû뵽̶ʱ֮ڣƴϵΪнչѧ̫ȭ˸͵ʴ׵³
γԿ޿̣ͣƴϵ鷳ƴֲһʵˣݺݻһʰ
磬̫ˣ̫ĿˣźӱԼҰ˼ǽϵţֵܷң㡣
ƴߵĵ
˼ˣֲһ⡣ˣϰ֮ˣв˵ģЩСˣƾͺˡ
赭д̬ȣƴʮַŭһ£е㿴㿴С𣿡

ССһУʮ־ֵӡ
鿴ȥֻƴϵ֮ϣһȭӡĸָʮŰȥ˰֮
Ǳ˼ȭ˵ģ
ʵ
ʱЩŭˣԷĳ׺ݣҪƴϵƴϽѧΪѸ٣һȭѾˡ
ܺƴϵĹϵãзŭ֮ʱ⡢ǵģϣƴȥ
·£ƴϺݺݵصǵģǲһ˼ȭģҲûù٣ҵ̫ӽҲǳصġ
ƴϵ̫ӽ仹δĵزȴҲʮ깦׵ӣʹ˼ȭĸƴ֮ʱȻҲֲ˺á
ʱССĵĵ㡭Ǵ˺۲Ҳǵģܴɱɱģ˵ġ
ǸƴŲλ׵ȭӡССöδ֮ʱȰ
ƴϺĵɩӣ㲻õģСˣûʲôģѾõĲˡ˵ڽƮܲǣ粻Ҫˡ
ߵΪĺˣ޴󰭣ȴպܵԽԽ࣬ˣʵѹס֮ʱȫ汬
һ˵
ƴһһ֮󣬲ŲΪȻĵû£ʹƻв࣬Ҳа취ȫ㲻õġ
ҲŲǵģֻǸһѡ
ƴϵİ취µõ޷ǽռƣƣȬ


147 
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ƴϺͺӱԼҰ˼ŵ̨䣬ڴѧһݣƽƲ֯ȴҲв
顢ССƴϴˣȴ֮ǰȣһƬտӣνį䡣
ڻͷѧСС̫ţΪѧֱʵģֱƴϿһ豭ˡ
ȻССǿҪһҪŹһ£ʶһ»ѧľֻͬˡ
ǰ棬ƴϵɫһ£ĵӱԼң˲𰡣Խݰһ죬
ǹӪģǮҪݰһ죬ȴҲףӱԼССʾһ֣¶ϵ
ˣȥɡ
鵭ĵȥ
ݵſڣվӣߵſڣ׼ȥ֮ʱ˽ֱһ죬סˣһӵС㣬ݲţ
ӵһһԿó˶ѧ׵ģǺȭ㲻Կóġ
֮ˣ豹زĸ֣һˣԳһ˵Ĳͬ
书༫̫࣬ȭȭơ˼ȭӽȵȣÿһѧԳһɣ֮䣬һЩϵ
ڻѧ˽Ĳ࣬еĸѧȻǿվʵеĸѧͬ鿴Ҳ
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ʱ֮ǰʻһͣ£Ŵ֮ʱһλֵˡ
˵ĵһۣ㲻һüа֣Զôˣ£Ҳйϵ
Զһ³ĺ֮ϣһˣѸٸԶʹﵽʮ֮ࡣ
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˼ŵӽӹ̽һ£ÿͨϰ
Զһ˵磬ƴϵ۾ֱˣ૵˭簡ɷǡ
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һս֣סſڵһæĿ֮ж뾯֮⡣
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ӱԼɣѵֻΪƴǰ󣬿ûô򵥣ߣҪչ¶ԼҰ˼ȭ
ȥɡ
սģӵûΪˣ̬䵭Ľӭ˽ȥֻǿĿⲻ̫ƣڿʲôƵġ
Ŀ⣬ƴеܲˣҪ龶ֱȥƴոȥֻݺݵһۡ
ݺܴҪһطǱȽ鷳ģһ㣬ӱԼҲ뵽ˡ
ڽݵĵһź󣬰һӵȺţ˵ʱһæ·
һʮֿĴ֮ڣûе壬Ϊ֣һ˾һ𣬶վڴΧճмһƬط
ڴм䣬һϵźĵ̺ƴԼ֮˵Ľ֣С
һ˵ע⣬Խһĵطһʮ˾һΧһ뷢ڰײΰߡ
ƴϽȺ֮еһ۾һյС˵һʲôߵ顢ƴϺСС
һһʮһˣƲЩУ鷢ˣնŵˡ
һ߹˵ĽŲȻֹסƴ΢΢ǰһֱˡ
ƴһ̤֮ʱ鷢֣ϵʱˣһ᳣ƤʣǱһֺʹ
кʹʱƴϣϵĽϢҲأ벻ͨĹĲôֽѧġ
Ұߵ쳣һ˲ԣɽͷӶ˽
ڽϣӱԼҰ˼ŻСģڻıȽϳԵÿھ֮У䲻ӱȴҲˡ
һΣӱԼԼս̨䣬򾩳вٺڰĴСҲӣԼǰ
һ֮У˲òᣬһԶѾϴ׳Ϊһز˾Ĵϰˣ뽭ȴһֱûжϵ
ռ䣬ϰǿѧΪһָ֮ڽȤࡣ
ӱԼҰ˼ڽͷСȲ֡䵱üȴаǧţһڣЩӵġ
ȻӴ˽һЩĽЩѧţ㲻ܲӴǣԶӦԼ
һʨԶҪڶ࿴֮У˶ˣΧһȲԼҵ١
ǾǵĵͷߣΪףӱԼҰ˼Գţھ£ֳôĶܲˡ
˶ڣһˣ΢һֽţӱԼ¾Ҫ粽ˣԼʨõĹϵã


148 ƴ
һڽע֮£ӱԼҰ˼ŵһˣΪף顢ƴϺССĲ
߹һƣһ磬ĽŲƹĵƵģƴϵļ䡣
ߵĴд˾٣˼ȴݻ˵Ķ־ѹֻǣ̡
ߵһϵΪ֮£ƴȷʵо˲ԣɫ֮£ȫҲһƣҪԿԷ
ֻǣƴϽӴѧʱ̫ˣһʵٳɵģһ֮£Ҳδ۳
ֶʵǱȽģһ˵ѧʻ϶ɵģȽá
ΪǷ̶ֳȣöֻ֣ȣƱΪʵһ㣬γǿҵľ硣
ߵƶƴϺãԸоѹȴҲᱻѹ壬ССûһ
ССһǲ书ģܲɢĪƣȴΪ̫ߣʵ̫ǿǵƵ¡
һųССߵעȫƴϵϣǰЦԹӢ۳갡Ӧþƴϰɣ˵ҼӷһЩСᣬʢʲôĲĵطǧԭ¡
ԿƴϵѹȣƴϸеЩ仹ߵĽŲоѹأߵǰƴѾͷˡ
Ȼ΢ѷɫһɣ˲ƴϿɲԸڲԼǰ󣬱Ц˼ҷĺˣȻӲǸ˼ϣҿԴȵԭ
߷˵ǿƴͷСӣȴܲ˵ӦеΣϼһվٵ˾һ˿ΣܿͲˣɫָ糣
һЦڸеΣ֣صĵ²༰ǺӱԼҰ˼ŵ֪Сʦкźɣ̫ǳ̫Ҷӽ
Ѿ༰㱨ˣ֪ƴϻӽ̫ʦкźȴδ֪дһʡ
༰һѯʣԼƽȵ̬ȣƴһ˲뽭У˶Իĸо²ġ
ƴϵҶӽͳ̫ʦеɣǸҪܡ
⻰һ˵༰ɫ΢΢һúС˵Ҳ̫һ㣬ѵǽ˵Ĵ
ô˵죬СѸҵᣬֵģո֣ʾһѺá
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һ༰̬ƴϾ֪ϻûʲô⣬аѺãѺøƨô˵һڶ
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ȥ˲༰֣һ֣˫ͬʱоһɴϮ
༰ȻŻأҺãƴҲ˵һϣһ㶼ɣʹûгԿ
֮ˣǿһʹ龹˹ͷꡱʹȫΪȣϺ϶
رǲ༰Ѿеϻϣ͹ʮԣһѪɼ
˽༰һڲԼ֮Ϊ⣬𿴲༰ʹˣȴԽΪԽڰ˼ڣû˴ù༰
ƴϺͲ༰ƴһʱµӣƴϣ༰ȴҲ棬ƴССͣΪ
ȵ󣬶˶ЩܲˣͷϿʼðˣڶ𣬺ðһ
⡭ôܣǿΪ
༰ǺӱԼҰ˼ŵдΪΪ棬ֻǣǸģҲд˵Ϊ̫˰ɡ
ôǻû˵˿ɲ򵥣ܺӱԼҰ˼޵ְð˼¶ˣ༰ò֡
ҲԣǺӱԼҶӣԲ̨һһӣֻǣִˣԼˣǸӡ
˵ĻԼһаտȡʤģֻ֪ʲôơаңٻһЩͬѰ֮Ϊ档

ƴϾ༰ƴһƽ֣࿴ֵ˴󾪣ȴû뵽ƴϾ֮ߣͨ˿Դﵽġ
ڿ۷׷ףԶˣΪ棬ʵлĴڴ˵ȸ֡
Զһռģÿ˶вΪٴﵽʮˣƴϺͲ༰Ҳ
Ȼ༰ƴϵΪɴ˿֪ʵ֮Увٸִڵģ˭֪Ƿиǿĸִڡ
أռһҰĵͷŵĻᣬѾʨĵλˣ֮λΪԼġ
Ϊ֮ռĸʵ֮λ䲻ΪֵȴҲΪʲôѴ
ƴϺͲ༰ıƴ֮ĵȥ˲٣ʼ濼ǣ֮Уûָ֡
ԸԼ书ǿǸجһΪ˿ԶùԼ˫ȭѵ֣õ书ڶָ࣬Σյġ
ǣв˰ľѡ
˼ǧ֮ʱ༰ƴϵıƴҲβ༰ȿڣСѣһһſԷòã
൱ڱƴĹؼʱ̣Ҫ˵һ仰ǲ׵ģ༰˵һĻͷڵٶȸˡ
á
ƴǿһ䣬Ͻ졣
ٳɵƴϻѷʮĲ༰ģܶ˵Ϊǿռ㷨ҲͲΪ
˵Ϊǿ໥ĲԵñȽСһĽ֮£ʤ


149 ʵ
һ
ǺӱԼҰ˼ŵĵ༰ν϶ּᣬҲһӣʹѾеΪˣԼ֡
һ꣬༰ƴϹȻԼ֣˭ûеĿ֮£Ҳҵ
֮󣬶ԭĬƬ̣Ȳ˵ҲȴǳʱϢ
Ƭ֮󣬲༰ȿˣ̾˲ã˲ðССͣдʵ˲á
ʹǶͷ༰ȴòϣƴӢܣԼʵʮģģǴ̥䣬Ҳô
ովҽֵӰ컹δȫƽϢ༰˵֮ʱȻЩԼδȫָ
ֲ֡ӲĶ֣вʵĺֶĶ̨֣䣬һЩڴˡ
ƴϺЦȻˣʲôǿʼɡ
һ̣ƴһִƹµӢǧһؽʤս졣
༰ƴָ̫࣬Ҳϲ٣Ƭ̵Ļָ֮ٴαˣոյһûзһ
ƴϵ¸߰΢΢ҡͷʵڲΪȻֺ¶ݻçΪʵˡ
ƴϺͲ༰֮ʱɵ˵ССҡͷ¶һȥӣ֣ʵ磬ôˣΪƴĲ𣿡
ĵСӾһǻ˼ҵĵϻ˷ǺѪԵϵҹȥ
촽΢΢պϣȴûĻ֮˶ԣССΪԾһ˫ƯĴ۾˲ɴ
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ҪԾֻһõСֶΣһ֣ܡ
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ܣɲһСֶΣν߲ѡ߲ᣬһҪʮΪ书֣ſʩչֶΡ
ΪѾﵽʮ꣬ңӵΪˣʩչܵĻǴﵽ˵ġ
Ϊ㹻ȴζ´󼪣ڼɷ棬ҲǾһоڿܡ
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ƴҪս༰Ȼ᲻Ӧһп֮Ķ֮Ժˣսһαġ
ƴһ·°ڣ˳ԼһڣɵĵѾˣӱԼҰ˼ŵǰ֣һλҪͽ̣ƴȫš
һƴ˵ĺ֮УΪҫ۵һ
ƴҫӣвޣҧѣ༰үүС̫ˣҪһơ
༰üͷ΢壬ɨ˲һۣȻôһͽˡ

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ƴϱƴһ༰Ѿ̽ƴϵĽ֪ᣬȴʵһѺ֣򲻱Լ
һλһ֣͵ˣ˴鷳ʱ֪˲༰еŭ
һ˵Խ̬ԽССʮ۰ӱ༰Ҳ⣬ƽԼӶܳ谮
ΪѾΪӱԼҰ˼Ŵ鷳ԴǴǵ֮ϣ༰ġ
ƴҲֹһΣ֪Ķ֣༰ģүүҲĶ֣Իһ𣿡
༰ǳ˵˵ΪԼҵӣɲսˣոȥսЩա
һ༰ŭٶ˵ֻаԼŸոã˼ŲãƴϵôˣĶ֡
һ³ƴӭȥ¶˲ЦСӹİΪ˻ӭңԶ³Ҵ򣬹˼
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Ҫһν֣ѹԱǰθ󣬸оƴϵʵǿˣֵһһʽǿ
༰˵ѾƴϵĲɣһ֣дӵ֮ı𣬷ע˷ܼ
У
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ᷳĿ˲һۣ༰ǿˣǻ˭ΪʤҪȥһԵ𣿡
༰Ŀɨ˷׷׵ͷֱӲ༰۾ȴԸΪƴϣϳ
ҲˣȺƴϴΣʤܣоõƴϵʵչü죬ѲƴϵĶˡ
һʮ꣬ӽʮһӣЩԾԾƣԥһ£վһʦһԡ
С壬һԣãȥɣҪ⵱һЩǧ򲻿У˵ʵ
༰֣صĵ
СͷӦ£֪ʦҲеġ
༰һʽµĵֻˣССһʧȥ˫ףɲ༰󣬲Ϥ


150 Ѩ
ڲ༰֮УСǼõģŲʮͣѾȲ༰ˡ
СʺܺãȻܵ˲༰ϤĽ̵˵ص㲻ϵġ
ӱԼҰ˼ţǴ峯ʱڴѧţһٶ˼ŵˣһֱɲԼ˵εġ
СãΪҲΪղԣһܽƺӱԼҰ˼ŵġ
ãСľѧϣȨ֮ģûʲôȤΪеһƬϣѧſԽչɿ졣
գƴ֣С尴಻סеĺս֮⣬ڲ༰ʻ֮󣬲Ȳı̬
ºӱԼҰ˼ŹС壬ͽ̡
һ³С嵱ƴһȭһһ۵ĵعصӡ
ʱ򣬽ϵֽ֮ǰԱʾ䣬º˱
һصĵ㣬֮󣬿Կһ˫ûԨԴеĻȻữɸΪ񲯡ֻ˫ûʲôϵǳУŻнĴ򶷡
ֹʱڣȻԸصѾˣǲսѾ˾ˡ
С岻СƴϣƴҲӹС壬ĲԿһ֣˼ȭһ硣
˼ȭǻڼȭ֮һͷȴһ㶼̫С̫£а˼Ǭһ˵ʮ
ǰ˼ŵĸִս֮ʱƴѾ̹˼ȭˣĹҲȴûһԶԸ˰˼ȭ֣ҲŲλһȭ
ƴϣɣͽ̡
ƴϻһ
һе֮̽󣬼̽뵽˼ҵս֮УԽ̫ȭͰ˼ȭӳˡ
̫ȭʤǿǧȭƴϵе㲻û
˼ȭڰ˷ȭۻ룬ΪԵ̫һˣһǼΪʡ
С忴ƺܳȵһˣһʹȭһ䡢˼ȭĸʽϣ価ʩչ˳
Сڰ˼ȭϵ裬ƴﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزгƲϰ˼ȭһʦȴҲǿ˰벽ʦ
̫ȭǧȴҲҪ㹻裬ſԲǧƴϵ̫ȭ裬ûôڹСĿ֮£·硣
֮ǰƴϿսܰ˼ŵһЩ֣ǵİ˼ȭ軹ңΪƴϣʤ
Сȴͬ˼ȭǷ켫ΪҲƴϵ̫ȭ㲻Ӧ󻻳ӽһС
ʦһȻƴϲǶ֡
ƴ¶񣬲ֱѹֲסе˷֮飬г
༰Ҳڹۿ˵Ľ֣ƴϵֶΣò༰ʮ־̾ᣬдѧΪΪס
Сı֣Ҳò༰⣬ڰ˼ȭϴµĸʮʵοȭʩչãѵ˵ӦֵĵزͰԵ
༰ԸԼ֣˼ȭȭãҲֻԵ̶ֳȣʣΪ⡣
ʱ˲ľϲ༰ɫһݺݵ˲һۣʲôأСеģúÿ˵ĳ֣ѧϰһʲôѧ΢һ㣬Ҳôϡɡ
ƴϵĹʮǲ༰òϵģ˲Ƕ֣Ҳڲ༰ǲ˼㣬ѧ΢Ŭһ㣬Ҳܵô졢ôҡ
༰еŭ𣬶Ҫɺˣһһ˫˵۾һ֪༰ķŭˣæͷȥٲҶԡ
ﻹЩģ书ǿܼǹһǹһڴ书ٸҲܲ
뷨ǻ˵뷨Ҳǻ书ûԭ֮һ뷨ûʲôһ书ȷʵȲǹڡ
ռ֮ͲͬˣΪʵǹڶѾˣ񵯡̹֮ģ¶̫á
ڵϣʵﵽֵزѾǼǿˣһǿӲĵزȴҲס
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ȭͿ񱩣ȴֺȹ̣ȴƴһᶼûҵֻһ㻬ܵԨ
С䶨ˡ
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һս߷׷׷ԼĿսֿ˵Ѿʮˣƴֻʣ˵ֵ֮ûжٻ֮ܡ
ԹСһȭһȭ͵ȭƴϵֵѣҲףȥԼĽҪˡ
һ֮£С˫ȭͻ£֮ƴϻæ̫мܣҪǧ
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һȭƴȴûȥǽһһ㵹һָ
һָ˹Сϣʤ׷ĲȻֹͣ£һܶˡ
Ѩ
ǵѨ
ȻѨ

Ѩ֮һս֮˶ˣһĿ⣬Ͷƴ϶ȥ⡣
Ѿûʲôͷһ˾˫һ¾˸ƴϰΣĿⲻ˸Ҳ֪ʲô
ԶҲһ״̬ƴ˵Ѩһ֣һҲһ˼״̬


151 
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Сڳ˰˼ȭȭӣȴͻȻһ༰Ϊ죬
һָСסˣƴϲһһսʵϰѧѵһս
Ϣ£ѹ˼ϵʹƴ༰ңңһȭţһսʤˡ
༰ûлشƴϵĻæǰ鿴һ¹С״̬ûˣֻǲܶŴһ
༰תƴϣüʵСѣֹ򣬿ǵѨַ
ƴϵͷһֵѨĹ򣬳ҸѨ߳ʱƹѪһ첻ܶ
ִУѨĹѼΪ˾ҽнѨһ˵ѨãҲȥ
ŵƴϾѨַ༰Ϊ⣬֪ƴϵʦִУѨĹʦжȻġ
ţ༰ˣСѣһˣ֣С⿪Ѩɡ
á
ƴʹشӦˡ
ӱԼҰ˼ŶϣһʼԸ˺Ըʤȡñʤ
ƴܵڽдѵָоͺӱԼҽ
ߣƴ϶Բ༰ӡ󻹲ϵΪֹǡôʹᣬǼƴϣҲԵΪӡ
ȥֽ˹СѨָж֮󣬹СæƴһϵĵлʦʦĹǿС岻Ҳ
ƴֱԵҲ㣬ֻǻһŵѨַųʤΪ
Թ˫һȶԺͣҲΪֵһμѻֻǣԼҵ벻ÿ
ʱ˳༰ţԼѾǻû˿ԳսûеĻε̨ȶ͵˽ɡ
ڲԼҴܿĵ˵ֻǺӵģʱ༰ɫ΢΢һ䣬һŭֱš
༰ϾǺüʮˣѾ˳嶯ͣ˵治̫÷
༰ĵҪļȻи֣СѵĹǿȴҲδؿһֱȡʤ
༰⻰һ˵˶и̣Լҵĸȷʵ٣һŶȥսƴϣʹٸǿҲ˼
⡭ôУ磬ֹǰսȥܵܺܲƽġ
ССܹս֣ò༰Ҫ˳սص
ССӣѧ֮ĻΪȤƴϵսýζ۾ġ
鲻̫ĵĵСԼѡȻҪԼţһЩѵҲá
ǳƴϣССѩȻˣƴϲ̫ԸߵĹϵáССֵܹܣϵôãҲùĶԷȫ
ɣСС۲죬ƴȫսĹ֮Уһ㶼ĵӣֺͲ⡣
棬ɣСһ¡
༰Լ˾ۼһĳһ˷ܵһƴϱ㽫ذɡ
ǣүү
һʵ
ԼҵһʮУվں󷽵һۣó۹סεһ߳һƿۣ¶һſεӡ
һʮ˾ŵ꣬һ̴£Եʮָɴ䣬һֲӢһ¶棬˲˲ٷͷ
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һ֣༰΢Ц
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ЦĽֶָ̡֣
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ѵõģ༰˵һ䣬ԺĵСѣҲԼҵģ˼ȭüãʤǲԼҾˡ
ӱԼҰ˼Ŵһٶ꣬ÿһŶǲԼ֮ˣǲ༰ȫıǲ棬Ϊ˼ŵһ׼
༰ǵһڶ֮УûرڵģС伫ã˼ȭҲüãϧղԣԽְ֮
ҺãԼҵĵ˲ʲ֮ˣ༰ϤеԴȹӦһϸδš
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ϲֱ䣬ͲԼ޾ľȥƴҲ᲻ͷģһսɰܣ⡣
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ƴʤˣԼҲٹܲ飬ٸͷʧȥ˲Լܣûϻһ
һ֣ƴϷ֣ڰ˼ȭϵ裬ȹС϶٣侪ȵǣȹСһЩ
һƴϸгоЩ㣬λۣȴǹСոһȭӰ졣
类õɽͻһ˳һ֮¶ɣ˼ȭʩչÿһȭжϽʯ֮
ƴϾ̫⣬΢С֮ȭƣȴǣ۵ƣֻ֧穣ԵеǱ
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ǸĵѨҪһַ֮ܵ£סôס
飡
ץסᣬһȭƴʩչ̫Ѿˣֻһӭϣȭཻ֮ʱһ졣
һɼǿƴϳܲˣˣ飬ʹޱȡ


152 һ
һȭƴϻˣ滹ϰݣʤ׷һȭ˹ȥȭԡ
䡣
һˣƴһߴ󺰵
ƴȻе¶ݣȴҲ֪Ϊʱ˲ˣ࣬սνۿۡ
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ȻֹȴǲƴϵĹǿʤԼĻҹͬ
Īֵıʮŵӣʵʮ԰ģûԴΪԼµһȴҲԼǶ֡
ʱ༰СѣѾˣ̨ȶǲǾͿԽˡ
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һ֣ʹ˰˼ȭеһУȭͷżصȭХ
Բһȭһɵһȭͷǰų֣һ
ŹԪһϲȭͷоȭͷʼ𣬱ֱһȭһ±ƫˡ
԰˼ȭĸ˵ȭ乭Ҫֺݣ˵˼ȭĸֳȭƫġ
̺ŷŭ֮⣬ֵһȭνպգһȭ֮ǿƴϿġ
ŹԪ£ȭͷһ±ƫһӡ˲ϡ
顱һ죬汻ˣ׷ɶɳɣšžһء
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汻ɣ༰󾪣æȥͲСˣжȴΪѸ٣һ㡣
𣬲༰ĵʵ棬ôûˣϵһƣʹʹ
һƣƴüأ˵༰ˣֻҪ˵ˣΪһ֮£治ҲҪˡ


153 չʿ
վоһϣֻеһƬʹϸûʲôүүû£ûоԡ
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ǰ༰԰ºˣΪҪǿ
˵ط˱䣬Ҳ䡣

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༰Ҳóü㲻ǻˣ֪Ĺˣ
ԺĵǴղ۹ʿҽСȪɣԶģһĸдյģͽ̡
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죬ϾǺӱԼҵ˶ҪӣܷΪ༰ֳ˶СȪɵķУ˲˵Щʲô
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༰䲻Сˣȴ϶ּᣬж֮䣬˿̬һ֣Գ˼ߵİ˼ȭ衣
ãлͽ̡
һ༰֣СȪһϲ۾Ȼһϵһ䣬æС


154 
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һν֣༰СȪֲҵ˼ȭӶ
˼ȭһһʽϽͬСȪɵӦԺܼ򵥣ʽʮּ࣬ûôĻкͱ仯
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155 
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Щ˵뷨鲻ʹ֪ˣҲ⣬ھǿʵǰκıƶһ
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һƵһʩ߶֮󣬲ÿ߶ҪȥģֱһŻǲġ
ͨŻÿῪһΣͨһ磬Ժ߿Դǰȥ硣
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мƻˣţӦöһţԤ֮С
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ңͨ磬δضС˵γɵģеӾ硢Ӱʲôģһ˼ʹٲѧҲܶо綼˽⡣


ھž µһ
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Щ֮УǷǵһɤӣľɫܴʮ
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159 ͨ
ͨǷǵԴжϳǷηλãɫ֮ʱһܿһصη
ηһиդ֮⣬ȫǾʯɵģֻƫλãһСĴ
֮࣬⴫еİչһ׸Ǿһͷûһ͡
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飬֪Ƿһ侲ֱ侲˯ţ֮󣬲ŻᷢͨεھŲͨ
жһһЩֵΣգңҲЩȲˣɴ֣Ƿһ֮ˡ
շһƣηʯϣ䡱һʯˣ¶һ
侲Ļ˯ĳǷǣһ±ˣʯ̮״һôģôˣɣץҲˣ˯ãûô̰
ףи޾֮·Խ侲ûõģҪʯõģȱӣҲòëˡ
ʯ̮֮¶ǸڣǷǴϲһ߻һ˶Уʧ
Һηҵ棬ʹһ㣬Ҳûÿη
۾֮£ûзֱ˹ʼжˣǰȥ˫ץס˸դһֱֽˡ
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ι֩ͬʱˣСĳ󾳣ͷ·ɣιι֩ģ߿òð
һֻ֩·ǷǾȻͲǰˣ鲻ҡͷæ̧ǰһơ
һƣû̫㹻ǷǻȥˣǣŵһĲҽС

һҽУң֮ĶĤЩܵˣҽСһЩżǰȥ
ͨͨεĵھŲ㣬һ·µģУ治ôȫһã׹ȥ
ڹ˫ͨϣǰУҲûʲôΣգ˽ӽεĵھŲ֮ʱͣ
εĵھŲ֮йŹͨʵʵҪӳΣû˿κεˣʹӣһû취
ͨĽղ񹦣µһ֮Уµһ书ʮʹǿ˼顣
ͨʮԼģһһεĻ۶ʵԼŬĳɹ
ȴͬһǲͶģ󷨵ٶ书ֵΪ֮˷ָ
ٶ书ֵʹһֻһΪٶ˼İɣ⻹ġ
ӵ񣬲ſȺղ񹦵ĹͨǷǴɸƽ֣ĸ֣ǲ
񶫳ʮͯӹ񣬸˽ջĺӵУȴҲֵ˼С
µһʱһɻ󣬲һ̫ôͯӹʺ
⣬Ľջ壬ֻǽ֮ĺղ񹦿ȫûпɱԵģ̫ࡣ
ĹȻߣ֣ͨû̫İգнݾߣֺαض
鲻Ը±ͨԸ⽫ղ񹦴ǷǣΪǷĶӣܹ֪ͨӼѪԵ׽Уĥ
Ļͨɾûô˵ˣرһ֣ȥɱģɸýˡ
µһ֮У˵ı㡢ǸҰļĻͨ˵Ϸ˼䡢ѧǲŵ
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ͨ֩롣
ǷǷһŻ֮ȴʵòó԰
ͨ𣬷ʵôᵽεھŲ㰡
ǷǵεھŲ㰡Ҳ֪Ǳ̫ģҾͷһصҾ͵ˡ
ͨŶڵĵصһ̫ġ
Ƿǵѽӳȥˣ
ͨ
˳Źͨ񿴹ȥķȥǷһֻԲԶ֮һͷֻն۾ţ˵ġ
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Ƿǵô˵Ҳһõġ
ͨҲˣֻˡ
ǷǱһæѪƶѪġ
ͨ
ǷһЦôãҲ书ġ
ͨʵôһ书Ҳ᣿
Ƿǵʵ˵Ҽ߹̵ͷߣһ߹صĻʮҿԶԸġ
ͨãããûһˣһһһһ书ı


160 
ͨͳǷǲǸӣ໥֮䣬һ׽Уһһ𣬻˵Ļ
ͨ˵Ĺ£Ϊ˰УΪһԼؼˣĸֵĵطͨ粽ܽʮأóǷǲ⡣
ͨΪһسŵ˸ˣ⻰ûȴҲ̫ˣԼĵˣŵʲôصġ
سŵʮĹ˷εھŲ㣬Ҳ깷˵ⰵյĵط˵Ƿǲ⣬಻ΪȻ
ңͨţ˵֡üἡء䵱ɽؤħ̰˴֣ȫΪǼٻ
˴ɵĸֹͨǵʮΪңعžѧֻͨѧ˽ղ񹦣δѧϰ󷨡
ʮһǰͨͨˣȻԼȥˣ磬һͽղ񹦴ˣһӺˡ
ֻǣεĵھŲ㣬գУͨҲỳġ
ǡɣǷûһ㹦򣬻ͨиУͨԸ⽫һΪ͹򴫸Ƿǡ
ֵͨóȣóǷǴ󾪣е㲻ҪҲëɡ
ͨ⣺ʲôë
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˶˵ĶԻЦˣǷȷʵиЦЧģΪ˲֣ͨ龡ѹţʲôģûһ仯
ͨѶѡǷΪӣǷѣǰųǷȥ
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ιȥҲûãеĲɵĽţͨԴԴϵųǷӿȥ
Ϸ֮ͨУ鶼Ըоõ·֮ӿȻޱȣʮֵıѡ
ͨȫղ񹦶ģԽղ񹦵ıңҲˡ
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ʲôˣǲġ
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鵭һЦѪŲͯͨһҪݼû뵽ǰȻ
ͨЦʲôӣǱڴ˰ˡСӣ˵ǲġ
ҡͷӵͷ˵ڽϿν׹ԵһӣҾãҸ͹ͨǰ
ͨСӣ㲻Ҫƨ˵ɣΪ
ȻͲµˣԼͳǷǵĴرģô˿̵ĹͨѾϾˣܲһս
˵²¹ͨһµһľ磬Ҫһ춯صĴսɲһõѡ
΢ЦǰҪᣬ´ûʲôģһǰķ֮⣬ʶһعľѧղ񹦡
µһľ֮Уղǵһȵѧ磬ҪԭΪ˻žѧҲǱȽ׻ȡġ
µһղ񹦺ţģֱ𱻹ͨţҲֻŻᣬԣֻдϴˡ
ͨ˵һѧ˳ǷǣʱѶȱȽСӾͲһˣһǿޱȣµһѧղ񹦵Ļ黹ûаȥ
һԣͨЦԭΪ˽ղ񹦶ô񹦣ϧˡ
ǰһͽղȻ˳Ƿǣҿɲǰֻѧղ񹦼ɡ
ͨղҪͯУͯ𣿡
϶ĵǡ
ʵղ񹦲ֻͯſϰǸǹͨʹֶΣƭӣûϰعǿѧ
ңͨƭ˵ղһֻܹΣʱ߱㽫Ѷ
֣ͨӶн䱸ȴ벻ͨˣΪҪ̽عĻøһݣ򣬺Ҳᱻݺ
õ󷨻߱ڤͶ书ܹסе̰ӱˣΪ˸书˴һ˵Щ˸ɱˣ޻˹ͨ
һҰġ𱨵ˣͨøʵʧˣʧߡѵΪͨȴһɵ黨ָ
ڲɣͨɫʹͯҲûãղ񹦲ᴫǲᴫġ
ͨ˻ɣټĴѾҵˣȻ뽫ղ㴫һˡ


161 ղ
֪Լµһǣһ¶ԸͨԸ⽫ղ񹦽̸Լ񹦣һҪѧġ
ǣǰԸ⽫ղ񹦴ңҿΪһ¡
ͨһۣΪҰһ£ǽ֮ˣʲôҪġ
鵭ĵδذɣǰķڲ״̬ѵ𣿡
⻰һ˵ͨһ±ôΪˣ㡭˵ġ
˵ġʮǰӾսƣƱĳˣ뵽˴Σ֮ʱʮԸʱεĵھŲ㣬ȴһ㶹ޢסĵڣڲ״̬֮µǧ꺮֮С
٩٩̸ıʱ̫ãжʮˣǧ꺮ĺĵУٶతһĻıɣѾȡ
⡭⡭Ǻá
һᵽģͨһ˷硣
ǹͨıãǹͨСµףŮòԸᣬ˹ͨϲҲΪġ
֮ʱͨѧΪҵعѧɽһǺü꣬оҵعžѧ
̫ѧģӳ룬ʱͨΪѧħˣڸġ
εھŲб˶ʮ꣬ͨͨһЩ飬ĵĸ鲻ûʱŶ䵭ˡ
ģģô֪ĵЩ飬㵽˭
ܼͨе
ҲѾܹҽѪ϶Ϊ֮£֪ʮ֮һǰһһĸ֣˵µһҲֵģλĵ飬ȻһЩ
㵹ôĿ
ͨ
˵ҵĿ󣬶ʵ
ͨ˵ķһ㶹ޢòа취ȣ
Ȼеģһ㶹ޢɽһ֮˱ɻˣеڶ㶹ޢı»һһ֮ҵ㶹ޢıȫˡ
ͨô˵Ҫ㶹ޢ
ͷҪ㶹ޢųɣ㶹ޢ䣬ʮӶһֱҲֻ֪
֪˵˵
ͨЩɵ˵
㶹ޢС׸ȵ۵ģ±ֻʣţȵ۷ֱʹ͸ˣӵһš
㶹ޢ΢͸¶һЩٴεôǰΪȻģ㴫ҽղ񹦣ɡ
ͨɿڵãҿԽղ񹦴㣬췢ģһҪȻġ
֣صĵİɣ˵ֻһС¡
⣬Ȼ֮Ҫͨһֱϲ
ֲͨ
õģû⣬һ쵽
ڴӦ
鶼Ӧͨģ·ڷһ׮£ЦãããǣҺźˣղ񹦾ͽˡ
ͨķͿھһƪֲ࣬ʮֶС£ͨ˳һָһЩ˾ķʲôġ
ˣղѾˣ𣿡
ͨʵ
üûеõѧղ񹦵ʾһ⣬ɵĿ⿴˹ͨʵǰҵĽղǲʲô⣬ȱһʲôôо̫Ծ
ͨûģǽղ񹦣µһ书ȻɬѶһʱϤˣյġڣý㶹ޢ֮˵˰ɡ
ֶͨΣôĸԸĵղ񹦵ģͨӦñȽģҪЮӦûġ
ΪԼǱģ˵ȻҲĵģ鷳ҲԽӵ֡
룬ͨԼӶ
鿴ͨʧĵǰһǻ⣬ƽĺ㽻ղ񹦣ֶΣ²̫ðɡ
ͨȻʲô˼ֶˣ
ǲͯڲͬݵǱ棬ʲô˹ӰۺӰ󣬱ݶͨ
Ц˵Ľղ񹦸Ǽٵġ
ͨôᣬǷģֻڽղ̫ԣŲܵһʱա
鲻ԣֻЦ
ռѧϰ书ֻҪһһ飬пռʾֻжԷ٣Żûʾ
ԼĺѾֹˣȻԷĻǣԲˣɲĥȥˡ
˿û׵һĳƮƮûһ˿һ㣬Źͨȥڴ֮ʱҪӦ䣬ȴȥӦ䡣
һȫǷˣͨϣһ˿ֻĿһؿڲλ
Ʋȴ£˹ͨڣ䵱Ͼر
ߣƲԳԷơ
һЩĪ
ʵı⣬ǲɱͨˣ˶кø֮⣬ʧȥͨ˵Ĺͨɱ֮󣬲֪ʲôı䣬Ʒ̫ͣղ񹦣ǿɾͲˡ
еľɵ֮ı䣬Ӿʵȷģȫʢ֮ʱĹͨȻһõı䣬㲻ǻƽ䣬Ҳİ䡣
ֻǣȫʢ֮ʱĹͨĿǰʵҪսʤ֮ʵڲף䣬սĶˣӣ͸ˡ


162 ʹ
µһ֮Уͯͨӵʵ൱ǵʲõµһɱһڣһƽ䶼ǲܵġ
ʧȥĹͨ£ֻһ䣬ңӲӵİâЩǱȽϵͼİ䡣
䣬нһ£ʦʴۣҮϵۣȵȣһҪӰҵõղ񹦡
ӹɣղһ׵ѧһ˵Ҫڰ֮бԱȽСУŻôš
Ϊռ֮УôȨģԵ˴ͽһЩռ֮Уɵĵõջ񣬶˾
֮Ը߶µһ磬ҪΪ˽ղ񹦣󷨶ԲҪġ
ɱ˹ͨŪղ񹦵ĻҪǷǵˣȴ֮Ըˡ
߰ĵһ齫򿪣ֻһƷһ顣
һһ飬鵱ϲæóһ֮£Ȼǽղ񹦡
̫ˣǽղ񹦡
ϲ쳤Ц
ֻΪղ񹦣ղ񹦵֣ǽûκջҲúֵ
һ֮У˵ֻһƷһļƷ֮УֻһƷȴһ㶼⡣
ٶ࣬ҲҪƷʵģһŽղ񹦣Եֵıˣβϲ
뼴³ɣҲ֮Уɱıʱͼߣټķˮ϶³ɡ
龭һ磬ΪΪһǿʵǹؼ书ؼʲôģؿ̡
ղһ֣֮ȻԵĳǷǵߣ˸⡣
ڳǷǵϣ书ؼ˴ɵ书ؼ棬ȻδȫȴǼǿĹæóֽд
ͨٶȹ죬˶̶̵ʱ䣬ڳǷǵǰغ󱳡Ӻ֫д书ؼƨ϶⡣
һ£ڳǷǵϣ׽־䡢ִַֽ֡ơ䵱ݡ䵱ơơŮɺȵȡ
ʮžѧһŹȫܳʹЩۣҲŪѧؼõռﷷ
ʱޣܳٶǼģˣΪѧؼ٣ڼ䣬ǷһΡ
һǷǽҪˣɲԴһ£ٴνˡ
ѧؼȫ֮ܳ鲻ԭͣһϷĶֱӷȥ

˭ѹˣ
Ҳܵ۰ɡ
Ҫ
֪˶ãεĵھŲ֮УͻȻһҽУȻһ߰
ףôôˡ
ۣʲôöְ
׽Ŷʲô⣿

ǸѨԭطأص˻ʹеηСĵĴ̽һ£û˷ηеıʡ
ʹ䲻٣Ҳܶ࣬һЩطķĲܣΪи
Ҳǣʹ֮У˸ȥңҲ˴ʹµһľ֮Уʹ֮ܳӣӵֱʡ
֪뿪ңڻʹ֮Ϲ䣬䲻ԼҺ԰һСǰܲᱻ˷
д̿ͣץ̿Ͱ
ץ̿ͣ
ҿץ̿Ͱ

ڻʹӰ㿣һӶӴߣڻʹиĴѰ
һæһɽξͣһģء
ͬʱڵһֱ֮ǰļž״̬ڻһȻʯ쾪
֣ѾôСˣôᱻ˷ˡ
аֵ
Ҳ֣ڻʹ֮Уûжǿĸ֣˲֮⣬ǿߣѰԣ˷оʮ־⡣
ڼɽ֮ãһӶӴߵģȴûһ˱Լòԣһ룬֪Լ¶ˡ
عµһľ飬ˣӦ̫󣬲˻ʹĴ
Щʵûã̫ʧˣһ취ûУ鲻ɰҡͷ飬ûȥܡ
Ƿĥ˽ղ񹦺͹ͨʮ÷ӳεھŲĻ޿ײ֮£ɽ̫ȳ
ҿȥɽѩ
ʱ
ɽѩĵرɲÿ綼еģԽٶ
Ƿ嶾ĶۼɣĴӻʹԣ³͵ɽѩȫ⣬һ
Ƿֻйͨڵʮʹղ񹦺ǿӵӴɸƽ֣ܡ
Ϊʳɽѩһﵽ˰ʮ꣬Ƿʩչղ񹦣ſԴսӣƽ֡
нʮѧ˽ղ񹦣ֻһƤëս
͵ɽѩһΪԴﵽһʮ꣬ʹӣҲ̫Զģнղ񹦣֮ɱò¡
ţжʱͻ˽еִ̿ˣɱ
˿̣˴˴̿ͣұô̿ˡ
ɱ̿ͣ
ɱ

һɱ֮Ϊ죬°̫Ӧûְɣôһ£ôִᷢ̿͵ġ
ԭ֮У°̫ʮף˭ûзֻ֣гǷ鵽һۣȷǺˡ


163 ɽѩ
ڵҹһƬɣֻи߿֮ϵĲ֮Уǻ˸ŰĹâ
ʹĸ֮⣬֮ϣ߸߹һ˶ĵһҹƻ財ڵҹƹղ˶ԶԶȻһƬɵġ
ʹڶԸ빬еĴ̿ͣʮµĴ̿Χ׷½أҪɱ
ʮ̿͵Ĺǲͣÿ˶ʮһ֣ʩչֵ书һâʱ֡
һڴ̿еıУǵǽ䲻ȴԳƵǱУʹڵҹȻֳ
ȥ
ȥɣ
ҵǵ·ɣ

ݻʹ֮УһڴΧɱ֮£ʮ̿;һ㶼𣬷ǿս
٣ʮ̿ȴһ㶼壬ǿԵѧӵ˼£â貣ƴһ㣬һڴѹȥ
ʮ˳ֲ飬һ֮£ʮնɱˣеĹâҫ֮£ݺ޵еӡ
ֻǴʮ̿͵ʵǿҲȫǳصģ˶ڣһʼһֲ֮󣬺ܿסš
ʮ̿͵Ĺ򣬱ȴ󲿷ֵĴҪǿһЩ˶ڣңҲûи֡
ס֮һڴҵԼλã֮ϸã𽥰˾ơ
ɱ
ɱ̿ͣ
Ҷ֣Ҫ飬һҪɱЩ̿ͣ

еĸҲˣӡͯͨͲһΪ磬绤ɽׯ̽ʵȴҲ
Щеĸ֣Ϊ񣬳ֵʽʮЩһ֣Щ̿Եֵ
ʮ̿͵һζĵֵ֪ʲôУʲôУһɵУսӡ
ʮ˻Ϊ㣬һڻʹĴϮЩҲæ˿ߵĴ̿׷ȥ
һϷᣬӼɽ֮Գһڴ̿ͺʹ׷ӵķ¶˼֮ɫ
ЩһﾹȻܵʹˣǲǵĿʲôأΪѰͨεھŲͨΪɽѩ
а˵УжĸһЩǽȵˣɾͲˡ
ʮźµĴ̿ͣϵóռߣҲʹеıﰡ
ʹбȷʵ٣ЩҲ£ҲҪǶ˭һ˵ȻʲôɣЩߵʵ񻹲
çײĴʹ֮УδؿԻöջΧסᶪġ
ôû̫Ĺϵȥԡ³أɽѩõ֡
ʮ´ʹΪڶ̫ע⣬ж˸õر
ץһ̫࣬ԡ³ص֮һΣԡ³˹ȥ
·棬ȷʵУ˰죬ûзԡ³أ֮£ץһ̫ࡣ
ε·ĸ̫֮ҵԡ³أղҵԵʮ塣
ʹеĹ̫ˣûʵһȥãòԡ³Ϊʵϴԡĵطÿõʱޡ
ʱѾҹʱˣʵ۲ԡ³أֻС̫ţһ֡
ûиоոպһӰ
һС̫Աߵͬһ£С˵
ʲôӰӣûɱҡ
һ̫බһ£Щĵ
˵̫Ŷҿ۾ˣˡ
ʱˣһһ㣬̫ǰ棬һ۾˲ɵü뺰
飡
飡
磬һ˸һ£̫һκ
ԣ³صĴϣһûԿףѵסһգһ֮£ꡱһͭѶ
ƿţ˽ȥԣ³ؼֻҪʵ۴һϵĵطСġ
ҵ˻ʵϴԡĳӣһִӾһǵãľҵɽѩ
ϴԡĳӲСɽѩѾǲˣ˵ʵԣ³أӾݵĲǼġ
µһ㽭ĵģߡʲôıȽϼªӾԡ³δʵģԣҪҵɽѩֻˡ
һȴһ鲻еëˣüͷ΢΢һ֮£еɥʧˡ
ڻʹûǲҪ̫ʱ䣬һڸ־һ飬ºܿͻᷢԡ³쳣
ǣȡһ취һԡһЩطͼҳԾĵط
顭
ϳƣϴԡ˼ƻһαһ㣬Ƭ֮䣬㽫ƻࡣ
һꡱ֮У鵱쳣һϲе̫ˣڷˡ
ԭһأϧı֮£Ѿƻˣʹҵ˻أҲԴˡ
䣡
ȻѾˣҲֱñƳһ֮ϣһУ֮ˡ
赣һССİ䣬ͳһ䲻һĻеںɻȴҲͬ
һ覵Ļ䣬ƿδ仨аԴôһɵ㣬ɢ
ǹɵζʮᱡʮ񣬻治һŵõ
ǹɵһ˱Ƕˣ鵱þһ𣬺һ˲࣬£һˬ
ɽѩȻⲻǷ¶һ˿˷֮⣬૵̫ˣõɽѩˣĵرҲ
ɽѩĵرɲͨҩԱģɽζȣǧڻԡ


164 ͬ
ɽѩ֣ʮ˷ܣֱû뵽ýղ񹦺ɽѩĹ̾Ȼ˳
ղǵһȵѧµһУ׽Ҫǿټܽٶǿһɽѩǲ׵õġ
ߣҪõղ񹦺ɽѩԲô׵ģʹСҲס
磬ԡ³أҵԡ³ˣɽѩԡ³
ŸոսɽѩĶһ֮£洫һЩŲԼһ˵
̫ˣǽȥ
һѴ
棬齫һΣϴԡأĴ֮Уһݣ˷
βһ֮ڣ¶һ㣬ŽϵϢҲĽ̸ٴ
ף磬̫ôιȥˣҲϵˣ˽ȵ˰ɡ
ǰǸ˵ٴ𣬳˵
ã˽ȥˣӦûû뿪ǿȥ
ʺһԵΪ١
䣬ֻá֨һԡ³صĴٴδ˿ӵ߽һһꡣ
һˣԺ񣬵֪˶˵ݺֱлǿ͸塣
лǿ͸ˣͬ磬ԽԱ˶ھǱȽƫƧĵط˿̯ӡ
ľǵķչʮֿ죬ڵ϶ǶĴУʹƫƧһЩĵطҲʮַ٣һЩжġ
ھǰڿ̯ӣȻǮһʮûģԼҵϼңҲͷ
Сʱ򣬶˶ѧϰõĺѧһû꣬һû꣬Ȼѧˣ˳ΪûϢ
񣬶ھǴһƬأڼҲһˣǰ˵˲ˣ䣬º˵ôô֪˽һϢģⲻӦˡ
û⣬лǿ͸һֱƽһռǲһѡ
ԡ³أлǿ͸ҹһһңֹʮȷ󣬽ÿԲ˵Ľ䶼һ¡
˵ǲ٣ڽĲ
˵һһ鰵ͷ۵
ǺðĿйͼ·ԭ˶˵Ķ
磬û˰
˵
лǿѹҪˣָһҪСһЩ
á
ϴԡȥһУ˵ĿⲻԼͬĿϴԡ֮ǿ赣ȴѾһء
һĿʶĶһ𣬿ԿԷϢһɲĸоͷ
лǿ͸嶼µһеһЩʮϤǵѩԡԱߵһ
ʱǿ赱ƻˣлǿ͸󾪣оòãæǰȥһǸƻİ
ˣ˽ȵˣǿɽѩɽٶɽѩ
лǿ죬ʹĲѡ
Ҳʹĵϧˣǿϧˡ
ף
ͻȻлǿɫһ䣬棬屻лǿĶҲһ¿棬ȴʲôû
磬ôˡ
ʲôû֣岻ɻ󲻽⣬лǿʵ
лǿüոգҺ񿴵һģӰһ²֪ȥˡ
ȻӰӣûа
лǿֿ漸£ûзκ쳣ɻԼǲǿˣĵۻ˰ɡˣˣʹɽѩˣӦûıһ¡
á
Ӧˡ
лǿǵռߣ˼磬Ѿһ书ӣ֮ǰͻʹеһڴ
һ֣ۻĿԲҲȷʵۻûעʱǱԡ³ء
ԡ³֮׼뿪ʹˣôﵽĿ궼Ѿﵽαͣ
һһ㣬ڻʹڵһЩڵ֮ߣ貨΢ȴһֵǰ۹ֲˡ
δһӰӣų۵һɽ֮Ķһ򶼴˶ƮƮ
˹ˡ
ڼɽ֮󣬵һΣԼζصĺܺãЩǰƫбķѾƿնˡ
˵Ṧʮָȫʩչ֮£˲շһĴһͣΣԶʮֽ䱸
̫ӣҲˡ
һ˵
̫ӵ㲻Ҳˡ
̫ӺͿ࿡̫꣬ӵĿǴһЩģĿǴģһЩġ
ʲ򵥣һһ£֪˵Ҳ򵥣ǾǸ߹ٵá
ΪĵĶǣ֮˽ڶ࣬л˵úãоߣѧ繷
еĸ߹٣һ٣ʲôľͲ˵ˣҲ٣ҼĴС
̫ӺͿүүǸĸ߹٣֮ͥߣһЩ͵ص֮⣬ܼġ
ĵĹٻŵҲǽеģһ֮УҪ;ˣҪûôϸ
̫ӺͿһڼ϶һ涼и;ɼֲͷ;ĹغϽǣ˾һ;
˵Ǿ̣޷üȨѸƣЩֻҪѹһ̫׵飬׷Ƶġ
ǮףЩͿԾˣӵܶݣ໥֮䣬ΪϵĲͬҲΪ˲ͬȦӡ
̫ӵүүͿүүһϵģȻҲ̫Ըֶ˸ԵСȦӣƽ٣ȽϿƣûи̫


165 
ЩСŽԿ׳ҪõʲôʮףôܶͿԵõͨһӶòĶٻȨƵλӦоС
ˣеģϲ̼Ķ򣬾ǵ⻷ĸٹ·ϣҲô쭳ˡ
̫ӺͿҲ֣Ѿܹ˼ˣռø̼оĿռ䡣
ңռ֮УѧѧСʱûεˣܹѧѧ¶ܾġ
ʵǶ֣ռ֮УһΪ˶֣̫ӵΪԡ³еһ
ΪɽѩµһҲо
̫һϻҵȻҲ
һЦãǾ͸ƾ°ɡ
˼ͬʱжһݣƼһ㣬ԡ³صķжȥƬ̱Զȥˡ
̫ӺͿԶȥıӰһǣ૵ԡ³Ҫһˡ
ܺܺǸطϻᷢʲôȴûĻߺ浽ȥרȥ֡
ŹǱȥڼ䣬ҲԶԶһЩߺʹĽ֣鶼ûᣬһԱߣһ󼤶
ûȥᣬ׼һ۶֮ʱŲȻͣ˫ϸ
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żĵطǱ˹ȥԽǸкԽˡ
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꣬ƴʵеĳЩͬԴ¿ģȻСӡ
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166 ۺ
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ƴϾһΨ²ҵӣʹյľûи̫˺Ȼһӣ鶼ò񾭴

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169 
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Ǹ㹫Ѿĳƹʹ㹫ˣ˾޾˺ͷɣӡ
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˼һƬɳʯڶ˵ܣƾγһ磬ϵĳĵǡ
˽֣Ҳ˼Լѹ֮⣬滹в硣
Һã鲻ǳǷģһȴӲ似ʽ棬䲻Ͷ࣬㹻һӸ߰˰ˡ
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170 
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أڶԷܶôûжӦķƽ⣬һսᱻȥġ
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171 ֮
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ضżɽ֮󣬵֮ʱżɽֱ߳žĶոճƵ㣿
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Ͷչʮֲˬģˡ㹫װŮ˵ˣȻӲˬɵֱԲԼ顣

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ԭͨ˳Ƿͽղ֮󣬻񹦵÷ԼһЩɣǽղһֻεĹ
ɱ˹ͨʹóǷûеõⲿֵĴУ֪Լʹղ񹦡


173 
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174 
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˽ЩϷһ壬뿪˾ǹݡ

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175 嶾
ȻˣС˵Ķԣÿһ֮Զ鷢չȶĹ
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177 
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178 麣֮
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179 
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󣬲ſӣشǰ㲻Ҳ
麣һüͷһɱɱڵĵΪʲôɱҸףȡɡ
麣һ̫ᣬһߵڵ֣Ϊ˸麣Խһжȥġ
ܵ麣һϵɱ֮ŨҲЩȣ书ߣɱԻǲСѹƣɷħһ֮䡣
ڤ΢΢һת㽫ɱ˿ȥĵ˵ɱĸף֤ݣû֤ݣóȻ֣֪û顣
麣һ飿ʲô飿ҵĸ׾Ǳӡ˿ɱģұҪ𡣡
˵ˣӲ
麣һڲˣԸ˵߽ˣԸԼеĵ
еĲ˶֮󣬹麣һˣ֮һΣһնȥٷɿ졣
Ե֮ʮְԵһն֮ʱޱȣϵ£ƶһƬˡ
麣һһ֣ˣһһ㣬źȥٶޱȡ
麣һһնٶȲ죬Ҳܴģɣȥ֮ʱȴܿ䱣һ԰ȫľ֮ڣһܷӳе
ʽϣһľ麣һҪջһٴγ֮ʱ鶯ˣŲһ̤α֮£һĳ
ʱеˣ麣һǽһնˣܰԵƮȴ顣
ƮƮ֮£αãÿһ̤ò貨΢Ĳ棬ù麣һһζ䲻ȥ
ҡڲһһĳŹԪƣһ֮£ޱȡ
ŹԪУ̺֮黹δСɵľ磬һŴ߶ǲġ
һʹĪŹԪƣУҲɷӳըһ
ƷХΪʵһ㣬һ麣һ֮һ֮£ղסеıʹñء
һ֮ûټ׷ŵ䵽صıɫ䣬Ͼǲŵı飬Ĵ
麣һõģҪΪµһ֮϶յȵģ˵ڵڣҲġ
ʱ齻֣ŽһУ֮Ȼˣù麣һܹš
ôܣôܣ
麣һţͻȻһ֮£ʰϵıһɱк۰¡
һֱı۰£ڵˣ麣һҲ֮ᣬԳˣʩչ֮ʱޱȣƿԻصһС
̽ʣһâŹ麣һʩչ۰µȥһ㵭ɫǹ⣬һײȥ
նһֱɱ۰һǿһȥ֮Уһƻ
Ĵʹ֮£ǾĪģ۰Ȼͣվ֮С
Ź麣һ鵭ĵ۰²ˣϰǿħʹԼ־壬˶Ʋ˵ˣкá
麣һ˫Ѫ죬״Ʒĵܣģ۰²ӦֻӦûԸǿġ
麣һ״̬ʧˣִڵִѾУ԰ˡ
ʱ˵ˣλһйϣ麣ɱɱлӦֻ麣һҪȥҽ˿ˡ
ǰ麣ɱģֺαΪ˶أʵ࣬µģֽǰסġ
֮ԣӵɫ΢䣬˲ָֻĵʲô࣬ɱ˹麣˲ɣԣһ˶ɣٲˡ
˵˿մʦ֣ţҲ֣ɱ麣ˡɣ޷Ҫɱ߰ˣȷʵӦñ
ӵЩߺȵں˵˵Щʲôûʲô֣Ҳûбһ˵Ҳɱ麣ˡ
˵麣һʹٳٶۣʱҲ˲Ծĵطüͷ壬ʵӣô£Ҹ׵ôģ˵
Ӳ麣ɱģҶԲ޹أ㶯ְɱң㸸ױ𡣡


180 
Ϊ˱𣬹麣һѰӣǱģȴһ
Ǹʱ򣬿ռӡǱʾӵ˾Ԯӡ˿յ֮󣬿һĽ
ƴϵ֮齫ǹǣһһΪģÿ˿ԵõĽ١
Ȼ񣬾һģҪǣù麣һȥӡ˿գ˸ֱֿӻɱ
ԼǷʤҪʱصĻǷסġ
ӵķӦԿὫ˵ԣֻ¶ˡ
Ų˵鵭ĵȻ㲻˵Ҿ˵ˣ֮£ҵ֪һЩ
ȵĿ飬Ӳŵĵܣ㲻֪
ٺ˷ѿˣֱӵͽ硢˿նԹ麣һһ䣬Ծʷ޷뱣·Ũ
˵
·Ũֳ֮ʱȻˣæҪ飬ȴѾˡ
ѽ¶Ҫ֣ӵɫ΢΢һ䣬ûٶ˵ʲôһΪȻ̬
麣һѾע⵽ˣɫ飬ʵʲô˼
㻹ףҵ˼ǣĸǱĸɱġ
麣һȻеܡ
˫ֱֳֵ飬麣һ˵Ǻ˵˵ģԲԣ
˵Ѿ˹ȵ˵˵麣Ǳɱ˭ġ
һΣܿӵһţһƣֻ顱һӵˡ
˳˺üסΣӾȵĿ飬ºڽ϶Ҳ֮ȴҺ͹麣һĳԹΪΣ
鱯˵ĵ麣һħ۰£𽥳ħƲסԼɱ޹ҪֹĽǸ׵ĳֻиɱˣܻе۰¡
ӵǺľͺˣղţӦòκϽҶֹ񲻺ܺá
ҡͷǰ̫ˣ麣һԸ̫ʹأǻȥҽ˿գٽǶ˱к塣ɴ˵ҵҪ麣һǲҪ߱ĸ
˵ţ鿴麣һѾŴϢ֮лˣ˫ض飬ʵ˵ĶģĸɱҸף
ͷȻΪ棬ǰΪԾΪ顣
һӣ麣һãһȥĸףƭңҾԲŹǡ
Ź麣һȥӲصΪʲôҪһı߱ĸ񲻳ǧųš
ǰĺˣһȥġ
˵꣬ŶϷƴϱ뿪ˡ

麣һصˮ֣·Ũڷǰһľ㣬һ߿𾭡
ʱ·ŨȻ䷢Ϊˣңɱ麣ڴûдվв
ɱ֮䣬·ŨνɥҪ̵麣һ䷢Ϊˡ
񣬹麣һȥӡ˿ձ۽ΣҪɱ
صˮ֣·Ũ麣һһʱ֪ݣֻǴֵĿ⿴
о˹麣һĿеһ·Ũʵһôˣ
ԥһ£麣һڻʳ˿ڣĸףǲɱġ
һ仰·Ũһ˺ðΣŵͷҡ
ĵ׶ʮ꣬·Ũ֪عһգһ֮ʱһִһĸо
·Ũ渵
ԭڱаɽׯӡ˿Լ麣Ϊ˰۰¡ħ麣ħԷòҪλѱڵ¡
ӡ˿պˣ·ŨΪ˾ǣֻг֣ӱ󽫹麣ɱˡ
࣬麣һˣʮ𺳣ì֮£Ȼ֪ˡ
ԭί֮·Ũ۾˵һΪױǾɡ
űĿ·Ũ麣һϵıòһʱ׺ݣһʱɱڣһʱԥ
գ麣һûµšҲš˳ȥ
麣һб飬ȥҽ˿ʸȥµһׯ
麣һµһׯʱϹٺѾˣֻһǰµһµһͷܵµһׯıԣ㲻ׯǰ
µһׯׯ֮ʱгŵκ˵õµһΣܵµһׯıϹٺıʾα磬ʹ书ҲҪһƴ
ʱҴҳϹٺĵׯ㲻ùˣҺ͹麣һ֮飬Լɡ
ϹٺļĵСǰһջµһһܵµһׯıܹµһͷ
ִ麣һֲ֮ɫˣǶ˲ˣģҲģҴҽ籨ģΪ֪ࡣ
ࣿʲô˼
ϹٺĲ
麣һ򽣾磬ʵ磬һ£Ҹ׵ôģǲӣ˿ɱġ
ɱĹ麣ɱңΪ㸸ױĻǾɣսһ
麣һûὣ˵ǣԹԵĵĸ˵Ҹ׹麣ɱģǼ١

Ϲٺһʮֲ졣


181 ǵ
ڽûеõ𰸣ߣûеõҪĴ𰸣麣һʵѾˣֻǻ̫ܽܰˡ
ӡ˿գһ˿û麣һȥһϹٺȥ֡
£ַɽ麣һӲҪȥһأֵĴſڣ˷ʦ衣
˷˼֮󣬹麣һʹ۰¡˷ʦˣſԴ󷢣Ҫɱ˷
۰±һʽħаޱȣʹ߱һɱħּϹ麣һ֪麣ʵ֮Խܣٻһ·񱬷ˡ
Ʋסеɱ⣬ۼҪɱ˷֮ʱڴ麣һʧıԵ˻
˿˹麣һ֪˹麣ԭ˿Ҳ֪
麣һʳǸ֮ʱ˿ո϶Ĵ𸴣л룬ù麣һľȣһħˡ
麣һ۰аħ֮ϣܹ˹һ˽ʦ֣ϴ书öħ
ϹٺķŹ麣һ뿪֮ʱ˿
ɱֵĹ֮У麣һûˣ֮ѹһڸ֡
۰һħ˼ЧһУǿѣؽˡ
ң˿п϶·Ũ˵ù麣һ޽ң鼤֮£ܵ˻ᡣ
麣һ˿֮ԣϹٺȴص˿մʦģһһġ
뿪֣麣һϹٺ˸·ֵΧһҪ˵
ԶԶظŹ麣һϹٺܵһڸֵΧæǰ鿴Ӱһ㣬Ǳȥ
Χ麣һϹٺĵĸ֮Унϵĺ֣иɵĸ֣ߡ
һߵټβ֪ⳡΧɱЩŪģ֪ǽ񣬻ǵҪɱ麣һ
⣬ЩУδûлɽׯˣԭ֮У麣һħһӵֱʡ
ۼһڸ֣书ǿ߲٣ù麣һϹٺƣӦۼ֮С
ڣ麣һһЦ֮£еı𣬾ȫ֮һ
У۰µ̫ǿ֮䣬ȫ֮ʱǼΪԵġ
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˺麣һƲסԼˣʱضħܰεɱˣĻ̡̻
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ûϹٺĵȰο麣һǿƲסԼÿϮɱʱǺ飬ɱ
˿ղ̹麣һ丸ĺ󳾣ʦ˽ʦ֣˽ʦ಻Ը麣һΪһɱħͷΣ֣Ȼˡ
˽ʦ麣һ˽ʦ书麣һİԵǶ֣ʹ۰¡
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麣ʩνسɷ㻹Ƿ۰°ɡ
˽ʦ˫ֺʮһõɣȰ˵
麣һֱţԼ˺۰£Ȼ˲ֲ˽ʦĴƣԸš
˽ᣬһԴġ
麣һĵ
麣һ۰£游׹麣֮⣬ΪµһߣΪµһԸӼȡ
麣һ۰һʽ˺ȴ˽ʦһʽƣʧͬʱӷŭ
ȥ֮󣬹麣һ԰˽Ĵһ£ʮֲҪٲıһ۰£ǣȡде׵ϸ
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õһ麣һܵˣԼħħķ۰£Ҫ۰£˭֪ȴ
ʱ麣һϹٺ˵һ仰۰£Ŀ۰£۰ĳһص£۰ĳʱε¡
ԭ仰Ϊ⣬麣һ⻰˵ĻеΪµһĿ꣬˶ıġ
ģţһɹһΪµһ㿴ġ
麣һ
麣һˣԸôȽۣȽᣬңе뵱ȻҲ룬ϹٺĶǸʲôµһ
麣һˣڵ͵ĲŮ˼һˣ뵱ȻΪԼ׷Ŀ꣬ʵֵĻԼϲҲһϲ
ǲ֪Էǲͬģ˺Ů˵Ը뷨ҲǲһģŮϲΪµһµĻ治ࡣ
һŭ֮£麣һ˺飬ջԭмв㣬ҳҳ滭еΪǵС
õǵУ麣һæⰢǵеǿȻ졢ɭ࣬ȴȷʵ۰Ҫǿġ


182 
ǵȻڲͬ˵֮ħԣʤ۰£۰ִ󿪴ϵĵһֹ֮
ڹ麣һǵ֮ʱ͢ը˹ڳʵ࣬˵麣һɱ޹ʮڴ󰸣˰ˡ
ʵϸʣʵ۱㽫ڰɻɽׯ
ϵˣ֡üŴɣҲһЩ֪Сɡ
ɾᣬҪȥ麣һУٲ˶ֱʣΪ˵ķ˾֮ˡ
麣һǵħӿѹֲסȻ˹ȥ䵽˽ϵһЩСС
̣鶼ȴûг֣麣һǲƺĲˣ۰ºͰǵֹ򣬱ͲģȰҪǿϰ
ǵ䲻ɣõ븶ʵڲȣֻù麣һ˿ͷ֪ħΣԣ뵽ħġ
麣һ䵽˵УҲ൱䵽˶УԲ뷨϶Թ麣һ
ǺεǸģ˽ʦҪΪ麣һħϵħԡ
˽ʦ¸أڽӵмߵʵǿ󣬶һ¹麣һҲ޷ǿ
֮£ʵӵֱʣԹ麣һķħиĽģҰı˻һٻ֮
νʹʹӵĲ߻֮£ʹ˷رԵ󣬱һС
˽ʦŹ麣һ֣ȡһƿصķħ裬ʱ麣һʳɱƽ͡
Ҫħȴûô򵥣ҪľϷħ裬ʮľ֮󣬲пܳħ
ǰΣ˽ʦҪ麣һħԸ飬һĪԡץױ¶۰ºͰǵħԣ麣һ֪ȥУԸħ
ԣ˰Ǽʱ㲻мһˣķ˱ʣʶǺõġ
麣һϰ۰£˵еԹԳ֣Ż᲻ܿԼɱ䡣
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αķȫڹ麣һԼϣչʮ죬ÿ˼ȱԼ־Կħ
ʮŴοƳɹ־սʤħħȻ𣬿ɻظ֮ġ
ʮ֮ħȻڣ麣һûˣױħ
ڣ˽ʦ麣һľƹ麣һħʼʮŽٳħĵһ١
֮Уں˹麣һħ֮ʱĴ־֮ģ˽麣һ뿪֡
˽ʦ˿մʦŹ麣һ뿪£ɽĴĦչأħϡ
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ڴĦϷһɽ֮ϣ·Ĵսսôʱ䣬Ҳóˡ
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ƨɺ棬ƴϵջҲ٣Ͳ˵ˣһЩջҲ٣Ī˵ԼһЩ
µһɱ书ʹǺľ书Ҳģǰ澭ļҪõöࡣ
ƴϻ̾µһ漫ãŪʲôͿдջġ
ʱõ˷ķ˵ûĻ˵õЩջˣٴˣǴڻʹѾһˡ
ݺݵƴһۣ㲻սš
ƴϲΪʲôΪʲôܲս
ԵĵΪʲô˵㲻ܲսǲܲս
㡭ǿȨǶãǷ˹塣
ƴڲԵĵ
ϣɣ֪˹壬ܺãؾҪԵһأ㲻ȥͲȥٸּۻֱۣӿˡ
һ仰鲻ٿƴϣҽһ棬˺һֻһ·ȥ
·һֻɳ˷еĴתȫ貨΢ʩչ˼£һʱ֮䣬һĸоӿͷ
ȫ֮£ƿڿ̤УһǿĸƯ
ָоֻ֪ҪԼ룬ȫڿƮһû
һٶȣȥٶȷɿ죬ͬһ˵棬Ϊһ⣬γһǡ


183 ս
µĺɽĦϵɽ֮Ծ磬Ĵţڷ֮£һЩϸСʯ飬ߡ
ɽ֮ϣվƮӭ裬ͷǧ˿
·׹ӰƴȻЩʹ죬ֹҲǵģﲻҲսôõһʵĻᣬô˷ˣ
һ̾޾ίϧ
΢΢ҡͷЦ˵粻ǲսǱ˼ʵȥֻ
ƴϲҲСңѧһ׹ʵǿ˲٣ѷˣνʿգĿ࿴
ЦʿգĿ࿴мＸһ֪ܲ㻹ǹԹԵĿŰɣôƵеġ
ƴϻ磬ЩͷˣݺݵһۣһǣСʵࡣ
һʱյͬУ֮⣬ƴ໥дƴϵʵ̫ÿһζñ׵ġ
Ƿֻзִ磬ÿγ֣ƴϴ̫ңͲһˣҲзִ磬ȴ˼֣ƴϼ̡
ԣƴ϶Էм־µģһۣƴʵˡ
һǣ·׹ȥٶȼ죬Ѹٽӽأһʽƣȥ
ջѧֻҪЩģȽϴģţѧϰ
һڳǷ鳭¼İ˴ɵѧѡиģѧϰ
У׽Ҳһǿ񹦣ѧȴ֪ΪΣռϢ˵Źǲȱġ
Ҳ⣬׽񹦣ĸ磬Ӧöǲģµһ֮У׽󷨺ͽղѹţûôðͷ֮趨ɲȱģҲ˵ùȥ
ǿ׽Ҫȥ˲ȥңֻ̹֮Ǵϰһ׽һֵԴսϹ֣ò˵Źļǿ
˲е׽Ӧ׽̹֮ûϰȫܹôԽ֮͸һ֡
˲磬ѾӣٽǸ磬׽֮ʱ
ʮ֮һĴƣǸոѧᣬ㼶൱ֻһƤë԰߶Ǽǿġ
һ£Х֮Уһּǿ̩ɽѹ֮ƣ䣬һƿǬ
һ֮ƣأ˽ʦĴƣһ㶼ѷɫҪǿ֡
˽ʦüңһһֲ˼ķʽϮƵزòԮʿն
ʿĵƷײһ𣬺ХƷ缫ǿײɢˣһȥ
һ֮վѾˣԲһ㽫һƸˡ
ѩƮ˼䣡
һ˽ʦǿԮҲסˣһնݺᣬΧĿ֮Щ⣬ˡ
ҵľѩƮ˼䣬治ǰ׸ģһ֮ǿޱȣÿһϮ֮С
²ĲŹԪƴܹصһ֮ƣæתһơ
ƵİԵͬŹԪƿǼģһʹޱȣ֪һźδȥġ
شʱԭѧĸ֮ȴԵеˣĲ֮£һˣѳʡ
ŹԪһѧʱ仯ģ֮ʱ仯һƣƽصÿһ·ˡ
һǰȥֱر޿ɱܣҧˣһžѧʹ
һӣغ˽ʦĽֳ֣ʵ֮ǿޱȣȫ˹ȥ˽ʦԭǷ˿͡
˽ʦ˳һͣһûУһԹս֮ʱı֣ͷ̾ѡ
˽ʦ֣֪֣ʵǿᣬöԵֵ
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184 һһ
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ͬʱסᣬͣشѹΪ˵㶹ޢΪ˽״ܣֻΡ
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ΪʤˣԳͷȴ룬ͷβǶµһֻ֣ΪԴʧȥ֮ģһɱ
ƣ޷ʩֻһսʤˣؾ棬ˣһӡ
ãһսˡ

Ϊʵ۵ĲԣӺͲΪƽ⣬꣬һʮֲ񣬶Իɽׯ֣ӱء
ҲӵԸģ̣Ǹ̫ˣ궼
̵ԽãжԲɱŭԽǿɱǿѲɱˡ
ͼذ֮ʱеȲģ˵֣ԽǿĹӶ
ӺͲµһĸ֣ľ֣ʵǿᣬ
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лڻɣνıڤ񹦣󷨣ֶֻѡ
غ֮㣬ֺ֮࣬Ŵ֮ƻɽׯ֪鱨ȴҲδ֪©
ӵɽׯ֪鱨ȴҲȷʵ޷֪ڤ񹦣֮һɡ
һ仰⣬һۣûٶ˵ʲôǽעתص˲ϡ
Ӿû˵ʲôһۣ黹ǿˣȻŹԼģܱڤǲ󷨣ݲԼ
ĸ󷨣֮µһ书һ˻书Ƶ书Լµһ֮λ
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¶˸ɵľ֮뵽뵽Ҫеõ㶹ޢ
֮󣬲һ˿ȴûС
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ŲĲӣӳʵ


188 Ծ
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䵽;ĩ·б֮Уȴ¶˷֮⣬ɴЦ㶹ޢԶҲòˣ
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̾һ˵磬֪Ǻ࣬û뵽ô࣬ʵ̫ˡ
Ҳһͷ˵ǰ̫ˣʵӦÿԺ˰ɡ
΢΢ҡͷЦұӻҪһЩģһһսȡʤĿܡ
ոգȻֻһ£ԸоõҪԼʵȻҪԼǿġ
Աʵ㣬ӦòӵĶ֣ҲûɱﵣǾǽղ񹦡
µһĵһ񹦣Ͼǰ׸ģԼǿģǸţֻҪʩչղ񹦣Եס
ֻǣղ񹦲Ÿոѧᣬ׵񹦣ԲǿĿǰղ񹦲㼶Ӳǿ
ղʮԲôȻƣԼһսҶԽ֮ɱ
Ϊûиɵı£ž³ǷǣĽղ񹦵õ˲ͯͨĴУӦÿԷӳȫ
ԭ֮УǷǿԺӴһƽ֣Ϊһĳ̶ȣаʮΪ֧ţд˵
齫һɽѩ̳ˣǷһĻᣬƽ֣ûô׵ġ
˲ӵսƴǼʶˣΪĸָ֣֣ƴϼֱһ
ԲӺͲս˵ʵȴҲǶĸ֡
ǣ磬Ͳ˭Ĺǿ
ƴϺʵ
ȻӸɵˣֳʵȴԲģǾ֡
鵭һЦȻʮͯӹȻȴԲҵĶ֡
֮ǰıڤһֵǲһܾȻʵҪǿϲ١


189 С
Ǹ磬һ⣬֪ʲʡ
ԥ˰Σ˵
Ŀһۣ˵ʲôʰɣܸܲ𡣡
ʲô֪޲ԡ޲֮ģǾԲ˵ģռ֮УܵԼСȴҲԸſͷ֧Ʊ
ҧҧʵڰ಻סеĺ棬ԼһĪʵ磬ǲǻᱱڤ񹦡
ʲôڤ񹦣磬ᱱڤ񹦡
黹δ˵ƴϵǼˣæʵ
ʱƴϣ˫۵ɴ󣬺٣ض飬ɫ֮Уǲ𾪵ɫ
˲˻϶֪ǲϲС˵ģӵӾҲ֪ˣе񹦾ѧڤ񹦣ǾǼΪһ񹦡
˱ڤ񹦣籱ڤ֮һ㣬ʮԶûоͷһ㣬һֲͶ书
ռߣ඼ϲ书ҪôģԻüǿ
Ҫǣڤ񹦵ͷ󰡣ֻҪ֪˲һ˵ģڤ񹦣˭˷Ī
ƴҲˣڱڤ񹦣ѾõģԼϣѧһ񹦣Ǳڤ񹦣롣
һ˵ѧ˱ڤ񹦣ƴϵļǷĵ׵ģһ·һ
һ㣬ҲûʲôģֻҪ߽ӴĶˣᱻϳģʶֱӵͷϵһᱱڤ񹦡
ƴһţʧһ૵üһȻѧ˱ڤ񹦣̫˲ˡ
̶ƴ˳ʵ磬ıڤôѧģ˵һ˵¡
˵꣬˫ڴĿ顣
ƴһʣüͷʱһ壬ʵ̫ʶˣڤ񹦾ѧѧϰ̣ǿ׽̸˵
ռһ˾ɱѪȵĵطÿߵ׷ʵԽԽǿʲôǿʵķǻסñ֪
ԣƴϵһʣʵǺܷɻģĻѾˡ
Ȼƴϵʻʮֲף˻ǳ˶ȥϣܹһЩʲô
ڤ񹦰ԷջͬСɲǵƴϣɼ书İ
ƴһۣڴĿ⣬鵭ĵԲܡ
ܲѵҪ˵Լһ˲ľ֮У͵֮Уʯıڤ񹦺貨΢
˵ȥҲûţˣҲһµԼ֮ʲôè塣
ĻشƴϴΪʧʮֲʣ磬ñܰɣ˵һ˵һ
üͷĿһɨƴϣˣ˵Ҫܣϣ˵һ顣
һмֲŭƣƴһ˺µٷˡ
ǺðҲˡ
һŭƴҲзģٲҶԡ
ȴаЦΪƴǲʶôֹϵһϢô˵
һʱദƴϵӡ̫ãôΪ̫ˣΪ˴Ҳô

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ɽׯڣ˳ԷףӽȥԼĲãȴͻȻеʣ˹ȥ
Ȼĵһͷ㷢ڼ̵ʱ֮ڣͷ׷˶ࡣ
Ӵ󾪣æȵũϸϸ鿴֮󣬶˵Եɡ
ԭڶη֮У֮ܿ㽫Լڣϻ
֮ڣҪҵ㶹ޢķȥıɡ
Ӵ֮£æȥй㶹ޢľڣһ©ȫҳڵҹʱ֮ǰһҪҳ㶹ޢ䣬նˡ
跢֮ŭ˴󾪣вδ״̬
ʵӵĿƽʱص̫ˣһΣɽеʧˣѾһˡ
ֻҪأӾ͵ˣʮͳ̹ػһơ
ӵǿ̬£κ˶ɽׯһˣھ
ϹٺĺͶҹоǧھڷһЩ˿ھϼأС㶹ޢΪƷ׸Ȼʡ
㶹ޢһűȻʴ͸һ̫󣬲ӵеһţ̫͵ġ
ڵ㶹ޢھûƬֻἰȻȻʰ㶹ޢܵˣӦҲġ
꣬ܵõȻʹ͵ģȻҵѲţȴһҹ޿ǿšС顱
常㶹ޢп޿С
Ϲٺ
һϲ̶æȥ޿
޿ͳǷǵ֮æʵޣʱû͹ʲô
ûͷûβһʣ޿ЩԻ󣬲Ǿȥ룬Ƭ֮󣬻شˣȷʵ͹Ҷһ顣
飿ʲô飿㻹Ҳҵõ
æʵ
ʲô鰡
޿뵽˳˼֮Уһ˫һԣ͸ҵľǿС顣
Ϲٺĵ԰С鲻̫͸𣿡
޿͵ʵҵģֻǣ˵˵ҵģż̫͸ҵġ


190 ʧ
֪Све㶹ޢǴϲæ޿ȥС顣
Ǹ壬СѾˡ
ӵؿ޿֨֨ģݵĵ
ˣôô¡
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òϣϣȴ˲䱻ˣܵˣһŤˣȵ
ֻҪĵ飬ӶʮģǱԼ鶼ҪģҲѹֲסʱ¶ˡ
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еļŭ΢ѹһЩӾƽľٴʵˣޣ˵ɣʲô£СôҪĶôˡ
޿аֹ֪Сˣֻһֻ֪㶹ޢ
Ϊʵ۵ãʮˣ޿УвģһС飬ʲô
޿УȷʵûС鵱һ£һΣڶĳûǮ֮ʱСء
Ȼţ޿ȴ˵˭ԿóʮֲȶָʲôʱҪŭء
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£ǿǼƻʵʩģüȥ޿С顣
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һ˼ģϹٺʵô常ʲôԵĵط𣿡
ӵԣһ⣬Ϊʲôؼʱƫƫ͵ȥС顣УӦûǵãǰã˽ģͽ󷨵ؼһɣһˡ
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һΣĳŭˣɽׯѰЩ˵Ĵڡ

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һٶʮıڤǴϣģµһ֮Уֻѷӣڵڶλ
ûۻ룬ǸգΪһӾ
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ԣĵ֮ҪڵĶʮ⣬һٶʮıڤԲһ
ڿս֮бչأһһҹʱ䣬֮æȥƴϣѯһЩϢ
գµһľ֮УƴϱǺ̫ӡһģܵ˵Ĺƻ󣬾Ȼ쿪ɱ˻ʹ֮С
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ҵƴϣʵ۰£ûʲôرϢ
ƴ˳ĵ֪д
ʲô
۾һæʵ
ȻǱߵĶԼûʲôϵֻҪӰԼȥᣬֻǣǸɳʲô׵飬ӰԼ߾Ͳˡ
ƴϵСȸ˵ǱߣҪʲôףУһƷ书ؼ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ȻȻҾ֪Ūȴǲ֪ɲԳɹ
ʲô⣬Ժ濹⣬õ󷨣ֻвְ취ˡ
ƴϵĶԻĿһ֮󣬽ʵ磬ǲǿǱߵõ˵㶹ޢӻȡ󷨡
ͷǵġ
һֱĺ棬֪һЩ鶼֪ңҲʮִȻԲ³
һüɫ𺳵ĵСӵƵСֱ󷨾ȥˣСﰡ
̫ӺͿǣ̫ˣΪԼأȥʹһβһλᱻɵ
˵ĵռһĵطѪȺɱ¾ǲٵģνںӱߣвʪЬĵ
̫ӺͿɣһֱΣ֮ӮһΡΣġ
ԣȡĺ䲻٣ȴҲҪһΧ֮顣
ƴϣ²ĵǺ־򰡣νһΣֻҪɹˣõ󷨣ԺĻ˵ãΪľ֣Ҳ˵ġ
ǺͱڤһµĹ򣬿Ը⣬δزԵõʮ࣬Ϊһǿߡ


191 
ռߣиԵ뷨еԸһЩеĵСеȴԸⲫһѡ
ʣ̫ӺͿԸⲫһѵˣǾ˺ģһµһ֮УƵƵǴ
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ӺֱܴʲС̫ӺͿĲ߻ûгɹֵǲСġ
յ㶹ޢӽ󷨵ؼأǼȡ̫ʧܵĽѵ
棬Ҫ˫ֱ㶹ޢ󷨵ؼһطȥá
ңʱҲв𣬿Ҫȿ󷨵ؼŻ㶹ޢȡҧһ㲻š
̫ڵõ֮Ҳӽףȡ󷨣ȴΪ²ϣҵ˺ۼһ˲أֻֻ̫ӡ
ȡѵ±ӽ࣬棬޷롣
ʱ̹עſĶǶ£ʱԣȫԴݲãʱ֡
ֻˣӿûʱȥģ޷֮£ֻóˡ
һΣó󷨣һżٵѧʮֱ棬ȴ
Ϊռߣͨѧϰһ书٣Ǽٵģ˿УȻѧϰˡ
֪һٵ书ؼ֮󣬿˺ݻ˵ϵĻһὫ㶹ޢٵ
Ƶּµľأ·ˣʮץȴò
˻ɽׯеΧ̽һ쳣ͬʱֻнĬһݣ˿涨Ǹط
һΣڵõ˵㶹ޢҵæŵ㶹ޢȥġ
ȻҲöĺϹٺļȥ飬һҪǸ̫ͷ϶ļһҳʬΡ
ܵŪʧܣ˵Ȼһȴŭġ
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ӵĵѨظǷҲϧȻЧ
Ъ˹𣬽ŭйҽϣ֮ռ࣬ڶն
һҹجج˲ѣֱʧȥ˻һ㣬һҹ˾Ȼòࡣ
ȻѾ꣬ޱȣһ㲻̬ģһҹȴԵòࡣ
գȴ֮ϲĲûյļֻ֮˹
˵оӲ֪ڳ˵㶹ޢ֮ԪϣһһҹļٴθԪ
ĵϲӦøϧǣԼϹٺġġ޿ͳǷǣǧĴ͡
ʱҪĳףҪϲΪԳȫʮǰź
¹󣬻ϲ׾ϣ糯֮ʱڴ֣ӭȢһ£ǷӦ
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ǿӲ̬ȣ̫ŭϣһҪӣ
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ˣӺͻϵһȫʤһš
֮Уʮ󽫾ʮҪãʮ󽫾ǵǣûС
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ı֮ʱҲ£ʮ󽫾ֱʮ󽫾֣а
ʵǲܵģһʢ˥ĳʹĵλٸߣĳǰҲһûеλҪıԲ
һʹָµĴҪıĻ²ж˸档
ʱµһBUGʮ²ۣû뵽γɵͶӰ磬ûʲôı䣬ôµһͶӰ磬㲻ǻʷϵǸˡ


192 
֮⣬ʮһСԣһƬڶš
ŵ˫һֻһˣһӵаԵ׳ˣƽӦǸ߸ϵģƲ
һһˣ˶꣬еʣ׳Χˡ
Ѿ䵽ˣʶĻϿ콫󷨵ؼ
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׳гһ貣ʹҹĻ֮£ҲλεĹâ꣬Ц̫ӣ̫ˣΪͿκεңұңͽһ㶼ûк³ġ
ŵ֮У̫ӺͿһµһ磬һƬ˵
̻ʹһսʧ̫֮ӺͿֳˣӣ˶ʹԼֶΣҪ󷨡
ɣһı̫ӳʧΪȡ˽ѵӽĵˡ
ȻˣԿ˵治һ£󷨵ջʵ̫ˣ̫ӵĹĶ֮£һֵܻ£ȫѱˡ
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ھ֮У书ؼǿԸƵģԳ¼ˣγɶݣÿһˡ
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ס֣

󷨷¡
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ֻǣĶǳͻأʮѸ٣̫ӺĺֹѾеˡ
Ѿֹˣ˵󾪣̶ŭѧϰˣԼһûá
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һ飬Ȼһ飬ɫ̫Ӻһ㶡
̫΢΢һüʵʲô˼ڸʲô
ͬˣܿ췴Ӧ˹еüͷ΢壬е˼һʱΪ졣


193 һɢ
СȸǸУģؼһŪˡ
һŭʮְյĵ
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Ѿ֪СȸӵˣǻҪ𣿡
Ŀ⣬ɨ꣬˵
ԲˣҲ֪󷨵ؼǼٵ滹Ǽ٣ԣǲðա
ԣԲˣǲ֪ĻǼ٣ԣһսⲻ˵ġ
ˣѾܺƽճˣ֮䣬ֻһԻȥ
һҧԸ˴𰸡
Ǻãգһս˭Ц󡣡
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۰£ǸСȸӻ˲𰡣һϵжȴ֮е棬
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ƴһȵɫĵҲ֪СȸǸһһֱֵĺܵСͺƢӣôɡ
ɲǶô򵥵ˣܹüƻСĵش󷨣Լûʲô飬ɼ˲ð
СȸӿԴӿ֪Ū󷨣һû¶һֱ󣬿˵ˣŷִ¡
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ĵǸСȸӱȻǸӵдͼıдֿװСһ򵥵ˡңһɣһֱǵϢҲǴ˼
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ȻһЦʩͼȾָѾħĹô˵µһģܵСҪӣΨһİ취ΣңӵǸΡ
ĵΪĿĻˣͨ˼⣬ô飬ȴһֱ籩ģѾˡ
һϲˣϲȨϲ಻ϡٻ
һŮӣƵ˼ķķʽΨкᵶˡ
ĹˣȻδضԸˣһŮԼԸңѾӦ˳Ƿǣ֤İȫԣҲµġ
֮һҪģܵǷǵίУΪҲ鱾ͱȽϲԭ
µһⲿӾʱ򣬶ⲿӾŮԽɫȽϲˣֱġϹٺĺѩ
ѩ鵹ΪԼһԸԼͻصѩŵʱ
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֮ǰʮɵ󣬵ʮȻʵвٲģܿͱˡ
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ʱڳǷǺ֮ϣ׷ѪǷĿĿ֮У˱ؽܵ־
һĳǷһı飬Ǻٵģ֪Ƿˡ
ǷǻˣӵĶ־˷ս⣬Цµһ˭ܴҵġ
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顱һƿһ羢ˣ˻ɽׯϵʯ壬޴໥֮£η׷׺ˡ
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һֱӲӲʮϰٴεӲƴܴͬʱҲγһ˼άԣΪһֱȥ
ϾͳǷ֣ʹһֱȥҲŲסģȴû뵽ڰ;֮Уʹ˹صʽ
һ֣Գ˵Ԥ֮⣬Щ벻֮Ǵðġ
ǿԺʩչ˽ղ񹦵ĳǷǡӲƴҲûģûк
нղǿޱȵĺǰܿϱĺ򣬵ǿᱻˡ
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Ȼڡ͡һ֮Уһײ֮̽ϣһյĽ⣬ûڡ
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ŲԼؿڲλ̽һ£ĿоǲԸŵɫѸĿת䣬һǰĳ
һƣѸޱȣŸոս̽ӵڣߣһơ


200 ĩ·
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ȻҲǺ˵ģһƣǿ֮󣬹ȻѪˡ
ңŲλһӡԵʮ
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ȻûҲԲܵģо״̬ѾҪˡ
˵״̬ѹסӵһֻ֣ס̽ĽС
ϡһһ̽һһ֮£Գܣֱӱ۶ˡ
ӵ̫һ֮£ԲǿԲģ̽ȻǱҲסһۡ
֮УûĲλӵĴˣȻС
Ҫǣ̽ӵһνѪ쮳ӿ»ս֮ġ
̽Ȼһʱἤӵжݵս֮˵ҲͲΣʱҲ䡣

ӳһٴγˡ
һҲؿڵƣٴײЦ㲻ɡ
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ͷѪ๩Ѫ㣬ʹʵʹǿһʵҲҪۿ۵ġ
ȥɣ
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201 ƽ
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ӡͯͨԼ֮䣬ĶԹԹĵİĽȷʵʮ궼ġ
һȥļᶨһȻʮ㣬֪Ѿ˼ĴԵ
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ȻһͳǷս˵ģ˵Ļʹӵ״̬ʮҲǿԶԸġ
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֮Ȳ鵣ĳ⣬սپĺãӭ˹ɫҲʮּӣԥһ£ûг֡
Ķӵĸ飬ʮָӵģû⣬ֻǣΪĺºͲǰݺͨ飬ҲвһЩ⡣
Ķӵĸоνǰ޽ӵģ䵽³вһЩˣˡ
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ڶԸ֮ǰѾ˸оڻɱ֮󣬻Եƽġ
Ҳжϣһ̣ѡ˱飬Եõһֻƽ䣬κηգֵðġ
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ӵνңԴˣļʹȥӵҲˣѾһƬѪ⽬

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202 Ŀ
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ʩչԪһ磬߹֮ʱбۿһۣһЩͣŷ׷ȥ
ߵٶ죬θʤһƵһ㣬ŷ׷ȥ
˻ɽׯھ֮ߣС棬ߵĹ켣ԽƫƧ͹
֪׷ԼṦٶҲԷ϶ֱֱȥģһУܿᱻ׷ġ
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֮УҲһЩ֮ۡУ׷ȥֳ˴ӡ
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ǵĳ֮һŹŽǳǵͻȻ쵽ιӰһţô˴󾪡
ŹС٣»вسʿģسǹȥʣЩʿæػϵ飬Щʿƻ֪һЩ
ģЩʿֱ̫ˣ̣ܽӦȫɱˡ
֪һЩ֮Źڰֹ֮ʱ߶ȻһȣҴ򡣡
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һ磬ŹٵԹι꣬ΪһռߣʵҲǲġ
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ŹٴŭƴԼȻԼ֮󣬻ϽܣԼǰεûԼ
ƴ֪Źе뷨һƵģҲԸŹǰεΪǿṦĻˣŲ
ǣڳ֮һսƴϺһسŵʿսҲüҡ
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ΪȻĵֻµһľ֮Уʱϻˣû˵ʲôģǣʲôѲѵİɡ˵еߵ֮䲻ΪԼеߣ󷨿µһо书ûж˿Բɡ
ͷ֪⡣
ռеˣֻҪеҰĵģ϶Ըһֱƽղ񹦺Ǵ֮񹦾ѧκ¶Щ뷨ġ
̫ӺͿԼһϵߣΪ˽ղ񹦣ȥʹΪ󷨣Ҳȥӣνˡ
֮ʱԽ֮ɱʱܲջȻ֣ҲǺġ
Ȼ⣬ȴ̣καҵˣһġ
ɫһƬƽĻȴʮᣬĵְɡ
Ķ֣ȳ֣ҲûʲôģаգԽ¡
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ãҾͲˣҲҲᡣ
һǰһֻ̧ǿıڤжˣϵȻͶ졣


203 з
ƣǿʵ¶Ҫһ֮У£ȴǲͷ˷ʱ䡣
ûнһģԼʵԽǿԼҲԽǿ
˰գҲԵ޹ʶģԱ˫ʵȷʵһ㡣
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ԣ󾪣ȻззֶǲŻֵƷôôͳˡ
Ŀȣ黹ǱȽģռķչȫȨµķչȣ˽ġ
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⣬Լµı֮УȻûгֶֹҲе㲻ˬģô˵ԼҲǲ
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ƴϻά꣬鲢⣬һʱƴһֱڣǶ˼ûô
һλŮ۹⣬ҲԴʮֵģңΪһλٸģ˳ķϡ
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ƴһϲæлл磬ӣҲлл硣
æллл硣
лƴһ뿪ˣעǵʧԼҲʧһƬ֮С


204 
һƬ֮У뿪µһ磬عռ䣬صԼı
µһеһ̣ѣЩ棬Ҳ˶ѣ˵⡣
㹻Ķ棬ֵܡѶԱѣ˵һ׷ǹʵˡ
һȽǣ׷ɱʱ򣬾Ȼˣһöзˡ
ûɱ˷ҲΪʵɱɱһ鲻Ǳһ̬ȶѣϣûн
𿴵һռļ˺ߣһƣȴǲֵһġ
˵鱾ʵ񣬿ҲĿһͷҪŪһһߣҪ̫򵥣֣˭ҲӲ
ֻǣΪҪǱ֤ռķչͶӰ磬ߵĴڣǱ֤ͶӰ翪һҪ档
ֻһ˵Ļʹȫ´һٸҲõģֻԽߣſԿԽͶӰռ䡣
ΪѾռ̫ƣһûɱ˷һ֮ʱٶֱ֣ĨɱҲ̫۸ˡ
ȻǺƷˣȴҲ̫ûƷԣҷ¡
ˣһһεջ񡣡
һ䣬֮䣬ȡһƽ䡣
µһ֮Уջ٣ջͲ˵ˣֱҲ٣ƽֻһ
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ƽһ֮Уһ󵭵Ľ¶ˣ鵱΢΢ۣɢ
ڻƽ֮УļƷֱһ顢һһһŷΪء
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ڤ󷨻Щͬģʹˣȡ̣Ҳġ
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ɣѵһԣذײɣ
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Լе⾫˫۷⣬ֿҲʮ档
ǣⲻǷֻǾ߱һķܰˡ
һЩеȻһɢɹâԲһ³ǰ

·ܵ˾ţȻһеСʱܲȸһ֪ˣҪ˵ġ
ĵԲҲˡ
ŶŶ㲻ˡ
Ĩһ¶ͷϲڵ麹ӲһЦ
ˣСʲô⾫Ūİɡ
ǵģҿıˣ͸Ū⾫ϣϲ
ͷţϲǳϲ
ǾֻǱһľһЩıСȻʮ⣬ò
һӦǰӵһģģٱһ㣬ǲ
еǹʱûʵģʮֻ󡢴ӣֻǣģеСˣֻаƴСӡ
ʽʮϲҲ̫Сһ㣬˵ˣһֻСèװˡ
СòҲԱСɡ
еľʵ
ǵģԱСһķɳ
ɳȻԺϹϵļٵģǴ˵úɣʵֻͨ
黳ɵĵ
ֺʮֻɣɲ򵥣ǽĴڣٽһǿԳΪġ
˼壬ΪƳɵģǿڲ磬ռķչûдɡ
ȷʵĲϣһֻֻǿʹˣҲʮ˲õģɲһƷ
ʲôһƷ
ԣ鵹ǳԾˣæиûʵǰϸϸϸ
Ͽǿ˲С˵ģУС˵ҲǲٵģڷĻ֣һ
ƷһС˵ıϵ棬Ȼ㲻ʲôҲԲģʿſʹõġ
ԣƷǺöôϲ̨ġ


205 
ƽ֮УһԿöģ鲢⣬ɣȻȺ⾫ɳˡ
˵㣬Կ̽磬ֻתȴ֪Щôֵġ
ʣҲûҪҴţֱ˳
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Ŷ֪ĸ磿
סеĺ棬æʵ
ʵһָˣ黹ǲģԽ磬ζǿʵζſ
С˵ܿװƵһЩʲôȻɣԺҲװһ¡
Ҫһ䣬񣿡
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ʣǣҪ೤ʱ䣬ſԴͨɴ磿
ɴ絹˽ĳЩ򣬲̫ΣգΪһתۣЩɵ磬ߣ˶繷ȥֱ
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Ͼͬ磬ȼ̫ߣʹҲֻʱ䣬ȴһġ
˼Ҫ׽ͨһ꣬ʮ꣬Ҳûпܵġ
ʱ䣬Ƽ˵ʱҲȷʵ̵ģ˵ʮµʱ䣬ǲֵһġ
ڣÿ˵飬ֱ֪ɳʹ÷ֻ轫ڤעУԴ߶ɳ
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·ȻɵģɳٶȿǼģ֮У˿׷ϣһ㹻ˡ
ȥҲ̫˰ɡ
˫һɣֱЩЦˡ
עɳ֮УԭֻаƴСһֻɳѸͶ𣬱һֻ޴ߡ
һߡһһȷʵСˣңı棬̻ĸָ
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һţƵе·Уܣȴ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
ţбԹҪĻҲʱԷռ𣬻Ҫʲô
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عռĻ˷һھ֮ջĻᣬɳʱ˾Ļᣬһ¡
һ룬ҲԣһʹһɣΪҪģһлȡߵ棬ʲôģԲ⡣
ǣϵ˱ˣðɣɡ
˵ţһƷһŷֻаƴСһŷдһֲֽ֪ϣţƤֲֽ̫
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ǵģע֮Уɽ˷ʱἤһ޴ĻСҪעˣע֮ʱǧҪעֻ̫࣬עһ˿ˣע̫Ļʹըʱ磬˵Լġ
֣صĴӦˣ֪ˡ
ܻǶôͽ׵ķɼҵĶһģһݲã㲻ñµġ
ʵǿȴҲΪԼͿԶסһըȴȫµġ
ˣƽ֮УļƷȫˣһ󷨡һ⾫һɳһö֮⣬Ʒ٣һЩϵ
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ǷѾˣ紳ֻõһöڰ֮пġ
ˣСһ磬׼ȥǵ磬Ū񹦣㿴Σ
˻ƽ䣬һ뷨æʵ
µһ֮У嶾֣ѾʮСˣû뵽֩ĶöַǷʤ
Һãʱɽѩ֮󣬲û£ʮԺ󣬲ֺ¡
߽书ǿϵıƴ֮⣬¶ҩҲʮҪģǡã񹦾һ书
˾֮󣬲ϢԴԴң԰ٶ֡
˵ĳ̶ֳϣľȱڤıڤǿ


ʮ 
𣬱첻˭棬֣һгɿա


206 쳤
ǵľ֮Уɽ֮ϣĳһ֪ɽ֮£һâ˸֮䣬γһƽ̨ϡ
ƽֻ̨зԲʮ֮㣬һˣȴûģĹһ̧ͷһֻϷұ֮ߡ
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˴طνϲ졢²أҪӳ죬ʵ̫ѣνѶɵġ
飬ûֶεĻҪ뿪ǧѣõķȻǴȥ
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ӿռӡȡ⾫ʣ齫ǿıڤע֮Уˡһͦñֱ
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⾫Ƿı˵࣬ȴҲҪԶһľֳټǿĹע⾫֮ǳһġ
⾫ն˶ѨΧɽʯ֮У˶棬һʯ飬
޼ɾͨǹԴǸСĶѨ֮ɰ첻ģң쳤ڶѨ棬ʹҪͨҲܵġ
Ƭ̹ѾѨһȦ쳤һţ˳ſ˵ϡ
첻Բȣ쳤˵һЩӰģ쳤һ֣סҲһʱ
οһСĿռ죬ȫľѪҺ˵ӣˤ֮󣬸öġ
쳤ϾָʮǿƬ֮ѾָһЩվ
ſڵϵʱ쳤俴ϢָȴҲ˴飬е⾫ʮַ϶ӦöЩ
Ͳ쳤ȴΪже⾫һ˿֮ġ
ׯׯ쳤䣬һʱʧָм
΢΢һ쳤΢ЦһٲȻӡ
û֮ʱƺΪһȣƺ˱ԣɼһߡ
š
鵭ͷ
д쳤вȴûбֳװһӣʵҼ֮Ʒ֪кĿ
쳤һۣЦ쳤䰡쳤䣬㻹Բģбעˡ
쳤䲻ãɫ˵ﻰ쳤ֶ𱨵ֻһʱˣ˵Ҳʱǡ
һЦҲ쳤˵ֻ˵ׯԭ֮һϵһƵĵĺׯеľѧһָѨ֣Ӧİɡ
ģѨҴУֻһָ
쳤һ˵ѣ뵽ⶼǽ϶֪飬ֻˣȴһɲõĸо


207 һָ
ӭƴһ񣬲֪ΪΣ쳤оһľܿ㱻ѹˡ
֣һС꣬ôΣյĸоأԣһǴԣһǴ
쳤аοԼܿͲˡ
ܺãȻһָĻͽһָɡ
΢΢һЦòƺܿĵӡ
˴Σ磬ҪĿΪ˾񹦣ܹ§ݴӣ˳õһָʮֲġ
һָǴϵľѧǳ֮⣬һ־ѧϵһƵΪ
˲֮УŪһָҪķһ鷳ģ쳤õһָѶȾҪˡ
һ֮ԣ쳤䵹û¶֮ɫһŭڶ
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Цߣׯһûзʹ컰һָ׽
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⾫Ҫʩչ磬ɲô׵ģϰһʱ䣬ǿǿʹá
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ڱаܹȥĿԣΪǸ㲻ģռͨľ磬е书ؼǻӵԹ֮£Ը⡣
ֶ֮αüΪˣǰ֮ʱڹǿ书ʽеϣɣһ֣콣⡣
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ৡһ齫⾫һնأ쳤һͷͷȫȥ˿˿Ƶ¡
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ĿտȻĵ
쳤ɫʮѿˣĿ֮У⣬ȴѼӲ˵һָҼҴѧ쳤йģΪˣȡҵѧؼѵͲԾ𣿡
ЦЦһЩˣıƵļһˣкξ壬ΪһȺΪ֮¶ף߰ᡣ
ˣһѵǲˡ
һ䣬ˡ
һγ磬ٴ쳤նȥ쳤Ҫܣȴܣһնһֻơ

ϣžһ˵ϣѪӿһ㣬ʯ̨쳤һҽУһµ۵ڵֱ
쳤ڵҹѪȾ쳤䱾õ·ʾʹѪæұ㼸¡
һָϵһƵУʹó뻯Ī󣬼ʹͶ죬һָ裬ͬ
쳤һָԲڵѨֹѪ棬ǲģһʩչ֮󣬵ұ۲Ѫ
ֹѪ֮ʹкҲһЩ쳤Թ˫۵飬ҧ㡭úݶ
쳤Ŀߣζе⾫쳤ϱȻĵһָؾ㵽˵˵Ȼҿɲұ֤ҵֲһûпס֣Ͻٶġ


208 
˵˵˵
⾫ʱ쳤ϱȻ侪ٲӲæк
쳤һĺļթ֮ˣ˱ݵ֮ʱ쳤ٲè塣
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Ѿնˣʧȥ֣ԴҲ˵Ļǲˣ쳤ûļ㡣
ৡһ⾫ʣ鵭ĵܺã˵ɣ⣬ҾһҪ٣Ҿˣˡ
ңңһ١
쳤ҡͷǳӡ

Ƭ֮һҽˣ⾫ٴγʣĳ֮£ն쳤֡
ǣظ֮ǰ쳤شһεѨֹѪ֮󣬿Կࡣ
ˣ쳤ֻƶնˣЩźǣ쳤䲻ܣ򣬾ƿԳˡ
㡭㲻ãѾ㡭һָؾ㡭Ϊλ
ͷ֮ϣ亹죬ͷʹĺˮ쳤飬ص
ߡ
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ԣ쳤ɫ䣬ûУûֶΣңҡ
Ҳ쳤Ľͣһ֮£ĵ㻹ʵǲײĲˣҽȿϲʵ
𣬱𣬴Ҫ˵˵һٲֶˡ
쳤ег˻̿֡
쳤üٵؼŪģȴ룬һۿ쳤в⣬οױġ
쳤䲻֪ǣռĴڣҪһѧ٣Ҫ̫ף쳤˵һָؾռӡûѧʾȻ֪м١
ζĿ⣬´쳤䣬Ƭ֮쳤֮̿ʱŵãٸһᣬٲʵҪС
쳤ϻ̳Ͽֵĵᣬᣬһġ
쳤Ĭһһָؾһı֮ͬȴҲ಻һĵط
˵ѵ߾磬Ǿһ٣ž滰棬һٻռԱ٣黹治֪쳤˵ĸ汾ġ
ˣϲѧһָ
쳤佫һָؾ˵֮ϵͳʾһˣһϲ
ѧһָԲģϵһƺʹʵ۶ƾһָԳΪһ֣ԣһָ黹ǼΪصġ
֪һָΪ棬лϲü۶Ц⣬쳤ܺãһ㻹ϡ
ƺܿĵӣ쳤۾һæȻѾˣҲõһָǲǿԷŹҡ
ͷԡȥˣ
ԡִĿ³쳤дϲаģԼӹһһΣԼһᱨġ
ʧȥֱֻ۵ĳԹνƺ쳤УǷԹ˳𲻱Ǿӡ
쳤仹YYԼ£úõĥһԱ˳
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һƴ쳤֮ϣֻꡱһŲλȥһ飬⻹ֹ쳤˴ƽ̨Ϸ˳ȥ׹·µס
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쳤ҵĽ·ԶԶһ仰δ˵꣬쳤ѾӰû·ƺ֮С
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ԼһǴƣ쳤Ǳɵģ׹·֮£ʹ޽ɵҲԴ
쳤⾫ǸѨһֱչɹͨ
ڲ̫ĶѨɣǰԽԽһǰȻʣǰǸŽصĴȣ컨ӳ
ɽ˳ɽزһԾ˫ŵأ̤ŵϸݣģݼأ˭õĶѨ֮󣬾һõ㻨ȣ
ɽ֮УſŲһȦת鷢֣ɽȷԲ࣬ܽΪɽƣǰѩƣվͣ޷Ԯ롣
ɽݵ߰ͷҰɽͷԲݣʮֻԾңһҰȤȻ֮
һɽеľ£ˣڹѰ૵񹦣
˷ǰ磬ҪĿģΪ˵õ񹦣лĻҲϧ§ݴӣŪһЩջ
һ£ɽ֮ϣҵ޼ؾ񹦵ĵطдף޼񾭴
⾫֣ӽնɱɽڳһĶףȡһͲ
Ͳ򿪣ֻ飬鷭鿴ľ澭ţҽѹõĶ
ܺãջ񡣡
ḧ飬ʮָˡ
ĿģΪ˵õ񹦣񣬲ľ澭֣õ˺ţҽѹõĶ֮ϲ
֮һʮѲ书ٸߣ˾綾δؿԵֵùʵ˲֮УʳçĻ԰ٶ֡
ֻǣçòʵ̫ˣžͶģçĻһɵġ


209 С
½ⶾܶķ࣬һҪç򣬱Ѫе쾦󸣬һǽⶾʥƷ
֮⣬иֽⶾͷֶΣѧҽͶȣԼζⶾȡ
ţҽߵһˣѹöǿһˣҽͶȻʮָġ
ǰľ֮УѰҾ񹦣ΪöһģţҽѹõĶʱ
һҽһ֮ϲɣȽ֮ŵһߣעȴǷ˾澭ϡ
澭һľıľ飬Ĳһûдž񹦻߾澭Ǽ֣һҲʶá
ı֮ʱɼоЩģȫϵãÿһ֮䣬ȴӬͷСд˳֡
˵ǳ֣ȴҲǹģԼֻʶһЩ֣󲿷ֵ֣ǲϵõġ
˵澭Ҳĩ꣬һɮһΪΪΪɮϷ
ĳգɮɽʤȫ̴ʦԽۡ澭澭书΢һζ֮ѧֻ˸աʤв֮ľġ٤з֮Удġ澭
ԣľ飬ʵǡ٤٤м䣬дµС֣ġ澭
澭Уʮ֮ǰӺ²ؾеⲿ飬Զʦֱ׷ɽۣ֮ۿ޷պֻԳ鼱׽ס˲ԳԳƤС
Զᡢӡϣ飬ǴͬԳɽӺͬԳԶиɣ¶Էϰɾ书ԼǣƣٳٲȡԳƤеľ飬ɽľϣ˻ʩ㣬˸ܾˣ㽫澭ɽ
ӵ书ʤһڻɽ˾Զʦһȭȭˣභʱȱ
ʱʥĲ¸֪ԶʦǲһͷԳĸС˵ʱԺڳݲ壬˵ںСȴˡС
ȻŵȻԶԭ䡰СĻԶʦ˵ˣԶû֮⣬ȻѰ顣
ٺԶʦԲ֮ǰоģᡢ塢ɫʦ˸Լǵһ֣ˣж䵱ɡ
ˣһΪֱΪ䵱־Ͷüʹɵľ϶ΪһҲľ񹦣ֻþ澭ʮ֮˾Űˡ
ȴ˵ͷԳȴˣɽȡΪʳ֮˾ʮ꣬ȻɣȫĳëҲתףһͷԳ
澭ڰԳĸƤ֮Уסθʱʱʹϵ۴Ҳʱʱֱ޼ɽȡյһ񹦾ѧ
޼ȵõ񹦣Ҳһ£뿪֮ʱˣţҽѹõĶһҲˣƽ׼ô
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񹦡ϼ񹦻վ֮Ĺֻͬ㹻ԽȥҲá
һٶʮڹǼģվѾ˴֮ԲҲԶˡ
ɽ֮У죬һٶʮ߶񹦵Ȼǡಡģٶǽһ졣
֮У㽫С֮ڽĴ֮ʹҪ޳ɣҲҪʱ䡣
һҹ»ص˶Ѩ֮ƽ̨֮ϣ·¿һۣ齫һݣֱȥ
²֪ʹĹȥҲҪˤ޼ɶˤȡ
Ȼ֪һȻ׼ģڿһʱ֮ıϣһ³һɡһĶ
׼˽ɡװȫֻС˼ڽɡĸ֮£ƮƮȥ
Ϊ׼˽ɡ鲻ע⣬ڴҹ£ҹҲ̫ڣǹ⣬һİѩҲһЩ
˫δأһѩ֮ϣһˣͷ棬ʮݡ
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һĻһ£ͷз籩һ£ˣ⵽һĻ
鶼û뵽Ȼôɣ֮ʱ޼ɺ룬Լˡ
Ǹͷ棬ѩ֮ˣȻ޼ˣˤûеˤֻˤ˫ȣǱӡ
Ů룬üӥŮһ֮ˡ
ˣֱӤҡ赡̫Ͱ海򸾣֮Уڷ׽ɫ
鱳ϹһɡһĶڳ˶Ǵ󾪣Һͺ̫򸾸˷̬
ǺˣΪδ
飬ɫƲʵ
ҪɱĹؼʱ̣Ȼôһˣʽʮأﲻֹ֮ܲܲģ򣬱㲻ܳΪϽ
ۣһɡһ˵ӦҰɡ


210 ̫
ңкμ̡
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鵭һЦһżҴ֮ѧΪѨ֣һѧһۡ
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ңһָǿ˵ãһЩ˷棬ЧǷ
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Ѩ䲻һָ˵ģԵѨۣѨֲѷһָ
ΪıѨֶȥһЩ飬ֵã˳ңȡƽ˷˴õĻᡣ
ǡãԼĵѨַ̫٣ѧѨ֮󣬱ŵѨ֮ңǼΪĵѨ֮
ԣɫһ䣬δκӦԣӤȻըˣָıʲôͼıҼҵѧǲǡ
Ӥƿڴˣৡһն֮ݣ޲ýһն롣
ׯҺ֮ˣĺĺˣ֮УȻǶ֮ģǽ֮ˡ
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һӤ˺ݶҵΪɫһһ˦֮£һɾϮ
顱һӤ˴˳ȥһ֮УӤ˵ϣһʱ
ʦã

һӤ³һ֮£֮һƬ貵Ľ⣬ն
ڴˣ鿴أֻһŮӵȹϵλ֮ˣֵһЩĹ
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һ֮Īϳأಿλһ³һѪ
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ĳ֣ɫ䣬
ڵˣֻȻĶ飬ʵһָôһָġ
鵭һЦ֮һָģΨƵҺˣ˵һָǴġ
һֱһ𣬸ոգűɱֲȻµóһָ
㡭ϸôˡ
ɴ˫ۣҺʵ
֪ʣȻһָѾУ쳤仹
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һתĻȥĵɱǵڣȻһָѾˣұһֻһ书Ƿˡ
Ѳգۣ֮ԲԸ˵쳤Ѿˣȴǲ־ϽѨֵؾ
Ǹ̰ģ쳤Ϣ˵ȥһµԼĽʱӣȴҲǸ鷳
ҧǺúݶϸһָȻ书㡭аħ
Цϻ˵콫Ѩֵؾ˵򣬱㲻Ϊ쳤ˣǸŮȥصᡣ
Դ֣ŰԵޱȣ쾹ı˼ҵļҴѧΣɱһһˣ޼ɡͺ̫Ѿˡ
ҡӤڳ޼ɾվ񹦣񣬵ҲޱȣԼй¶˵ĳ֡
˼ɣ޼ܵĽྶͥĿɿڴ֮࣬δⲻͬ
ͬʱ޼а棬쳤䲻Ǹ֮ѵ˽ȥ
룬۾ҪðСˣֶΣ
Сʱľãø׵ӣĸױ۸ɱ˶˳
ΪһУʮֿҲۼǧ֣òԽԽ
ΪŶԵȴֳΪݣУȴʮĽ顣
ţΪһָȻ쳤ϸ书ڣͼıҵѨ֣ͬΪϣʩԮ֡
书ҿԸǶ֣̫Ԯϣ̫
̫ͷȻһΪֹġ
γƺо̫Եôɷ֮ʿΪ
飬̫
ߡ
Ц֮ʿǰģ˺󻹲ûɳʲôɥ֮£̫壬Ҿ㣬Һҵ飬֣ҵĺ£Ҳ
̫ҲһöƷӣںɫ˽ʱûûʲô书ֱӾˡ
Ĳú̫ɫüΪÿ̫ҲǽϺպһ˿ͣȻޡ
̫ŭһȵС񡣡
ŭ֮£̫Ҳ˼ʲôǰˣֱӳ֣ৡһ̳бòǽ
ɵǽȫǽ뻪ɽɵķǵ֮ͬԭͬǴӺͼ֮ġ
ɵĽͻɽɵĵȻͬɣΪǴӺͼģǽͷǵԻ


211 ƿ
ʵûʲôĹ򣬵Ѩǰ鱾̫ģȻôʶȤҲѵһ
ɵ书䲻УҲûһϵ̨Ĺ٣ǽǲġ
ʱһȽɵǽõ취Ūɽɵķǵȫˡ
пܣԽǵĳɷǽٷһ˼γǽ
ǽ󣬽֮ȻģȻҪĸͬʱ֣̫õõŪֻǲġ
Ȼ̫ˣһָ̫ĳһĳһѹˡ
󣬺̫ܵһɾĺվȣŲ£˶ȥ
Ȼ̫Ѿ֣㲻Źһָֻáһ̫ղס֮һ׵˿С
̤ǰһΣǰֱ׷ź̫ȥһָ
̫֣Ŷ̶Ϣѣɣں̫ѾЩη֮Уһָɫ䡣
У̫ʶ֮񣬼ʹ̫岻ԷƱҲò塣
һָһҪſԷӳľѧ㣬ܷӳһָ㣬һָ
һٶʮɲǰ׸ģһЩҪſԷӳѧ֮ʱ°빦ģһָ
С֮һָһٶʮĴ߶֮£ǼģǺ̫ɵС
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һأһĳͰԵĴƣֱ˰浵ĳ֮ϣڡϡһ֮£䵽˵ϡ
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а£浸һܣľѣֺ󱲣ǰĹҲûôǿɡ
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ׯԼѣܣǾΪɡ
һұ˻ȥ鵭Ц
۽ɫޱȵĵ㵽ô
Ѿ˵ˣѨֵؾҡ
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סҺӤ֮ĿһɨɵĵӶƲãѾתˣȥ׷ĻҲ׷ϣȴԸǸ
üɳ˶ü֮⣬޶ǿ书Ƕü񹦵֮һ಻ѧ֮С
Ȼüûй书ֲʲôҪɫҲˣ´ϣһˡ
ԭѩϵİˣ֮䣬һˣˣһˣģֻ޼ɺˣԣ޼ɶȣҲж
ĿͶעȥ΢΢һЦȥɫ䣬¶֮ɫǱȵβ͵èһе㡭
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޼ɿ֪Һͺ̫Ǹֵ֣µĹ˼Լľ񹦣Ҳôʤ˰ɡ
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һ˵ţһҡͷʮֲмӡ
һ֪Լ֣ɫ䣬ô֪ҵ֣㵽ʲôˣ
˸㣬֪ӣ֮£ûҲ֪ġ
صصҲ֪֣һУҶ֪һԣ㲻ؾ档
һ֣ƵģˣҲ㣬Ҫλţţţ
һšһڣ鿴ף޼ɵɫ΢䣬̧ͷɲĿ顣
޼ɣ䵱Ŵɽ֮ӣѧ˾񹦣ɽһɽ֮С
޼΢΢һЦ鴫ҵҪл㣬ľ澭ţҽԼѹõĶҵУԣ㵹غ£Ҳôġң㹻Ļһ£һСĻԵͿץץסˡ
޼˵һ֮תߣ˺̫Ͱ浵ǰĿӣǶסСһ
㡭ʲô
鿿̫ɫ䣬Ŀ΢¶֮ɫĵ
̫䱻סҪѨԶжȴԿſڶԣҲһ
ιСӣҾ㣬ɱ֪ʲôʦɵˣҶһܵɵӵ׷ɱ
ķʽȻв顣
ϣϣҺ°
װµеӣͻȻɫһĿ˸ĵƨɣɵĵӲʶ࣬Ҳء


212 ɱ
֮УҲɣڽһϯ֮أеĸȴ̫࣬Ͱǿλ
̫Ͱֵ¶߲УɵĵӸǿ֪ԣ˵ɣ
⾫Ĺע֮£ͦñֱֱָ̫ʺ̫壬ɵǽɱ㣬ɱʦ㡣
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̫ܺйװģ̽飬ģʱֻǿӲѪֶΣܴﵽĿġ
ৡһ⾫һֵ̫ĴĴָеһƺߣ¶ʹ֮ɫ
̫嵹мӲʹ࣬ǿ֮ɫԳûп޵ġ
ʦܣ
̫廹ûôȴܲˣ˫۵ʱѪ۵ڵصĶָ쵰㾹ˣҪɱ㣬һҪɱ㡣
۾һɣĵұ죬ٸҶ˵һ䣬Ҿɱ
⾫˺̫ĲϣУɱ˸׺ݵӣðһˡ
⾫һѹں̫ĲϣѹһǳǳѪۣڰ浵һ֮У㽫ǽгһĹǵġ
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̫ʱӢðĻģνʮְĽģ̫ŵλãǰ浼֧֣ȴδؿԵ֡
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̫Ҳûж˵Щʲô̰ģԸɣɵĴѧֲ̫ġ
ֲģЩ뵣ε˼棬Ϊɵţй¶ɵľѧôЩ˵ȥ
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Ŀͺ̫ͰԶȥתĿ⿴ҺӤĵѡѨ֣Ҫ
ոգɱֶΣѾҺӤŵðĺСѾͷе㷢ǿ塣
һ仰ʳ֮ʱ̺ĿӤϣ˾֣һʱ˵ˡ
ĿӤɨ䵽ҵϣ˫һȵң˵ɣ㵽׽Ѩ֡
һ˵ţ⾫һ֮£Ѿñֱˣֱָҵüġ
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ҵʵдϣֻҪԻУѨֽȥͽȥɡ
ˣϲѧѨ֡
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һһָһʱûʵ˫۵ɴ˼£飬϶ĵ
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ҺӤһԿϷ޼ɺһ޼ɸǳλӣλϲѾѨֽˣαػɱ
޼ɵĻһ̶ҡͷ΢Ц޼ɣ˵㣬ʵ̫ĴˣҺ֮ˣ㻹û㾹ȻҪ˵׼һ·ߵˡ
ʲôš޼ɣ˭޼ɣ
޼һһ㣬տտĿ⣬ȥʵ˵˭޼ɣ޼
һ޼ɵ֣ôʵϲ޼ɣˣԽ
Сʱںȳ޼ɣҪȥߵ飬ȴ޼ѣĸ첲ҧһڣҲ֪ôģˣȻ޼֡
ǷںСʱ飬뻹ֻһСôô죬ȻͶ鰮֮Ķ
ң޼ҧһڣʹ̣ҲӦǺŶԣ뾹Ȼ⣬˴۾˼ûŰɡ
Ȼϲ޼ɣ̣޼ɾǰʶԷ̡


213 
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޼ɣҲ֪ӣһʱǸı䲻˵ģδޣҪˡ
޼һͷһָ룬˵룬ǰüӥŮıãˣϼס
ֿ룬룬Ǹǧ֣ǲҪˣ򣬻ٻòıһŮ޼ɿǲϲġңǧĴ̫ˣֲУ޼ɽ񹦣
ܲϲ޼ǸӣȴҲòϣ޼һˣõ˾澭ţҽѹõĶҪ޼ɵ顣
˵֪һЩ飬鲻²죬Ҳһװ֪ĿУЩ˵ȥ֮úˬ찡
ˣԾڴˣǺڡ
һ˵֮һΣǰȥ˲Ϣˡ
뿪֮ʱŶȥģвԶȻǰУԶȥ
ϸϸһ룬֪ˣղţ֮󣬲ûԶǲ˸
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õһСʦ̫УҲԽԽˣĺ
뿪˲Զ֮һ󾪣Զ롣
¶һ˿Цûм׷ȥǲĵں棬ö֮⡣
ɫ΢ʱֻ֣һɫѩƮƮнʮɣǸŮӣò
߽˶˵˼仰鿴һۣ㼴˹
ƮӯСȴѸݣ̼㵽˾ɴ
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֪ŮӵδĶüţüɣ˵±״ġ
ʦ̫ı֮£һĺ֮ˣʵıǲģ෴һȽˣֻӻǲǿŵʦ̫ıȡ
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Ǻģ̫ʧܣԼҲֲ˺ãϾֳʵ̫ǿˡ
ͷ˹˹ĵ˵ʸմζʦ梲
鵭һЦûô෴뿪ˣӦøмҡ
תŶѯʡŭȥʦ˼ҷǡ
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ŭȵʲô㷴ˣ
У̫ôͬʦãҲ۸ȣ˵һӣԼ˶üδˡ
꣬һϣӨΧ֮ʱҲȹܽ䷭
ԶΪ𾴣Сʦ梷ԸΥ
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Ǿǳ֪Էȷʵһĸ֣ɵĺ̫򸾣Ҳǲݰ
֮ǰӵһ֮ԻͣǿᣬΪ书δôǺ̫򸾵ĹС
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񣬼ͬһƷŷӦȴѾˣ޴˵ĺݶȥ㽫ֱֻ۴ˡ

˫۷Թֲۣʲô־ǿ֮ܵˣҽгǽһ
֣û飬ַԹۣУ˺֮⣬鵤ҩԾεġ
ֻǣУʹʦ̫Ҳõ࣬ķԹۣҽˡ
ʵҲֻ֪вʣʦ̫Գ˵ߣ书٣üɷ󣬶Ҫϡ
ǿ²ԽȥһԣֻҲЩͷ˼νӡ
ֻ֪˲ǵˣд³Ҳǻãֲˡ
ʦ㣡
ֱֻȫ飬ɫ䣬־ŭȴã֪Ǻá
ʱǱȽϵģʹҲãԶĵȴĵġ
õһŮӣȴˣʦ̫ǲС


214 ʦ̫
ϵ˫֮ûɱ֣ĵȷȥҪȳҰɡ
˿ͷ֪鲻ǣ޺޿һۣҶ˵ʲôæˡ
뿪ָһ㣬Ѩ⿪һ붯֣һָסΡ
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ˣÿԾĴ˵ŮӣСѵģģȴҲвͦ
ȷʵһŷŮĿǰȴԵеɬ
ԶҵĶ֣Ȱ㻹ʵʵģʦ̫ǰһ뿪ġ
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ʦ̫ڽպգһڶüɵӵУ书߾Ϊʦ̫Ķ֣Ҳ
ЦһǷеùʦͲܹˣҪ˵ŸҪСĲǡ
һģ龹Ȼ飬Щίʹ⿪ѨҲһԲ
ѧˣ֪Ķ֣Ҳͼߣ֡
һ·ĬУ֮ĽŲͻȻͣˣͷĬеһͣ˽ŲҲ˵ֻɻ顣
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Զ˵ҲȴˣɭȻʦ̫
˵һ仰ʱԶڶ仰ȴѵ˽ǰǰԳһȺ˵ټ
ʦ̫Ϊ׵һڶüɵӣܶԷ˶ڣȴһ㲻壬Ϊ˷ܡ
̫ˣˡ
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ڶüɵĶ֮Уʦ̫ΪصģԼУΪʦ̫һġ
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ˣСŮרǻأ˶ʿĪʿʦ̫ʿǶܡ
ʦ̫Ȼڵڶλãڶܣ֪Ҷ̬ΪΣͬ뷨
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˵⼸³֣ÿһ¶ɾ䣬ò˼飬ҲĪģһʼȫȥȴƲ
һ֮£Ȼ˲СĿ˵üɵһڵӲţˣʦ̫Լš
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ʦ̫ǿӲӣСܵˣȻٴγ֣һʹǿһС
Ƕüǿһ·ƷֻһУԶɾΪֵȫʹԷ޿ɵ
ʦ̫һ֣ǷһУӰ죬˷ƶʦ̫ӰУ޴㡣


215 콣
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⵹Ҳǣ鿴Ͳ󣬶ʮͷӣɣȻôǿǴ̥䣬ӦҲôǿΪ
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˱ƴµģܲãֱֱһƻƷޱȡ
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ܵһɼǿĺʦ̫Σһ˳ý֣΢΢ˡ
һĨһ㣬ȥһָһָʦ̫ˣһָȴʦ̫ϣ콣֡
콣֣ŵ֮׹ȥδ֮ϣѾ콣С
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ˣڽǵľ֮󣬳Ҫõ񹦡ǬŲƺһָȾѧ֮⣬콣ҲһĿġ
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ѾʮۻˣԲõȻԷӳǿʵһֱһڣ֮Σԣ콣ͼıȻΪеġ


216 Ϲ
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ıӰԶȥУ͸¶ĿʮָӣɫĪ⣬ޱȡ

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̳ɽϣԪĩʱڣΪԪֳƣΧҵ޼ɺճ̡
Ϊ޼ɳΪ̵̽ʵԪĩΪǿᣬȻƷԪ
޼̫ѶϡĴĻʵ֮λȻӲУҲԪóȥˡ
ڸ̳;У鷴˼費Ҫ֣֮̽λΪĻʵۡ
ΪĻʵۣζſԽһУνϥȨ鵹ҲǱȽġ
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̵죬졢ľ졢ˮ졢һͺ죬൱ֲӣĽڣʵ䲻ǿʵġ
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Ҫմ֮⣬ǵõǬŲƵĹڶûе֮ǰŪ˾֪̫á
˹ϣһʱ֪ǺãڹĵΣһĨڵģ
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һ죬ԶԶеʱ򣬺һУУѪɢ
ŵôԣɫһæԶԶȻӰǶһ˵ı󣬻һӡ
ɢӨڵСǫ˵úܵߣʱڲ˵õı󣬱һĹĵĲ֪Ƿ޼ɡ
Ĳ룬Ǹıеľ鷢չ˭֪켣ûб
ʣµһˣӦΤһЦˣ֮ʱеصӣӦˡ
ΤһЦṦ֮Уһģʱ֮ʣľȻ˳أˣˡ


217 һ
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ɢڣͯϲˮƷ֮ʱΤһЦܲˣʳͯѪ
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˵ڽűߵĲһţ˵СӣӥԨԴжСϣ˫϶
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бɫλϹأΪѣ
ܵ߹ЦУ㲻Ըѡѵ߲֪ܵôûʹΪ𡣺ߺߣǰְλȻߣ˲кãöôĴ󻤽̷Ϸôɢ˸Ұףûʹʲô
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ʱ߽ܵеģٳһƣղһû򵽣ʱڶֻؿڡ
˵ýеܵߣɺ֡
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һЦ֮£޼һָһָ޼ɼȥ
һָָٶȼ죬޼о񹦣ɣ书ʽȴЩ׾
δܱܿһָһ޼ϵһѨָУǰΣһ¶סžһˤ˵ϡ
ǿ޼壬ˣҲǳصģۻ룬һָʮϬ޼Ȼֵˡ
֪һָס޼̫õʱ䣬ֻҪƬ̾ͺãֻҪܵҵǬŲƣŲܡ


223 ǬŲ
ڳָ֮£ţһ֮£һţһС
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ᡶ룬һ˼СĹ뷿һױ̨̨Ϻգҫ÷лŽأûʸ
һʵʹǰһŮӵķۺЬ·˯ڴС
龰֪⵱ڵĹ뷿ˣ̹ܵڹ뷿Ĵϡ
˹뷿Ŵһָͨڴ
֪һ㣬Ҳ⣬һһԾ˱վ֮ϡ
ȥ֪⶯˺δͻȻ䴲ද˱ˤȥ
ˤȥ֮ʱѾ׼һκһҶƮһ㣬·ȥ
ṦεȸʹųҲһⶼûеģһˤֱɣ˫ŵ֮ʱֻһǵżݡ
ܵĻزõʮ֮ʱֻͷ죬ѻظԭ״
ų֮ܵбۣٶȲᵽ£ȴҲģƬ֮۵رʮɣ㵽˾ͷ
ͨ˾ͷǰǰ͹͹ʯڣûһ϶·ȻѾϾˡ
ȳ˵֣ʯڵұ࣬ʯ΢΢ζ֮£˺ȴһ¼񡢼ޡءʵĴʯš
ԭصɣЩطʹصĻʯȴȫ޻ϳ书Ʋ
ľ飬гֵ˽⣬ܵеһЩҲ˽⣬ֻǣôϤҲҵǵҡ
ʯڣǰǳĸǰȥֻһ·ǰбԽԽͣʮɣǰͻּ·
ɵˣ·֮࣬ɲ֪ӦһʵȥһңӦһ·
Ŀ΢΢һй֮ɫɭȻҾ㣬Ҫ滨ҵĹӦҲ֪һҸҲҵһʱɱ㡣
ӭɱɭɭĿ⣬һ֪鲻ֹ˵֮ˣҵָǰһ·˵
˳һۣһֱϣҵңһһ
ģ
˫֮У貵Ĺâ
鵭һЦȻġ
֮һ䣬ٲ˵Ųһ֮£һȥٶĿ졣
ڳָ֮£תۣһһ·£ʮ֮󣬵һʯ֮ǰ
ˡ
ǰʯң˵һʱе㸴ӡ
ŶѾˡ
һϲ˫˲
˴ϲģв֣֪һѰʯңǺԭ
ֻʣ»ϲˣ˵ϳһųһ˾ƿʯš
ʯҼ󣬶ϴ飬Ȼʯǰϼµãϵ·δþóһһŮ
߽ãŮץһذףԼؿڣߵӵ֮ǰѻɿݹǵ̯һƤ
ã鵱֪ⶨȻ˵ʬǣƤõϲصģǬŲˡ
пϲ֮£һѽ˵ϣžһը𣬶ǰץһɼǿƤץС
ϸƤֻһëһ⻬ȴһ֣״һͨƤ
ǬŲƵķ֣иˣͨһһɳ嶯²졣
תȥӭϳɻЦһ֣ǰΪΰɣ
Ŀһͷȷʵɻ󡣡
һЦΪһƤ
ΪƤ
ü⣬ƤֻͨƤûʲô쳣ɡ
鵭ĵ㲻ʶ书ķǬŲơ
ԣ󾪣ŵⲻܣͿֻһͨƤʲôǬŲơ
ֻ㲻ʶ
һЦ֪㲻ţϾͻˡ
Ƥ֣һ죬˻ָ絶ڳһָһУָȥһ롣

һҽУԳĿС
һ书ʧʹʱ˵ʮָģָ֮ʹʮԳܵġ
վһˣһҽ֮󣬱㼴ס죬ʹͷ亹죬Ҳٿһ
סĶָѪͿƤּһǡʥķǬŲơʮһ֡
ƤڳǰּЦô˵ǬŲƵķɡ
ֱĿƤʧǵĵԭˣԭˣԭķҪѪͿĨſԳּǺɷҲ
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ߣ
üһһ֮£һָ
ò׵õǬŲƵķݵ˵Ⱦָʶʱ񣬼ֱ
ʹɱģʱ֣ȫ֮£ڳüĲλըһѪ
˳֮顰һʲôƵģæʬ˹ϵѪͿĨƤ֮ϡ


224 
ɱ֮󣬵Ҳһֻ䣬龡˳ֻһ䡣
Ȼֻõһ䣬Ҳûʲôÿϧģʮɲǰ׸ġ
ǬŲķ鿴˵ãΪп̾ˣȻ̵ķǬŲƣλʬǣұ˰ɡ
һ˵ϣʹʯҵĵ涼ʵʵģһ֮£Ƕһӡ
һСӣһֻȥѣ˵ʬˣ֪ߵʵǿᣬվм޵ġ
һ죬Уһڤע콣Уһն£ڵڳһӡ
ĺмһһţڷƤдš֣Ϊվõԭ򣬷ƤùòĸҲѸʴñʻȱϡԿɿóеӢ֮ͦ
Ǻһ֣
ĸЩȱˣȻ̾ѡ
ڻĹŴĻһֱЩȤҲЩоëҲ꣬ΪдĻɣֱ̫ˡ
֣νţޱȵģʹĹһЩ鷨ңҪģûʮĹд
η̣ӡȻãֱûвȥݣѾˡ
еݣ޷ǽһˡ飬ֽһ֮̽λĹԼһ̵صĵͼ
ЩΨһͼ黹еôȡǬŲ֮պδٻ̡
˵Ŀݹ֮ǬŲƣһ񹦣˵ǳΨ֮ˣԽ١
óƤһдţ˵һķԸɳɣʮɳɡڶķԸɳɣʮɳɣʮһ޽չ򲻿㣬Է߻ħ޿ɽȡ
дȷʵҪ긴һʱΣ˵ǲǬŲƣ˵
ǬŲķ˾ʹһţ֮ڷÿ˱֮ǱÿǱԭӴֻƽʱʹÿֵȽͷһ޸ܸ֮ǧ
ǬŲķѳɣһ߻ħȫ˾ķŸޱȣȴۻ֮ศҪһ˾СȥٽصӴԽǾ΢ѣԽὫԼͷѪԽѡ
ӴǸʿǱˡķ֮ˣֻޣǿϰ㡣
޼ڰռɣǡѧΪԶʤ֮ˣʮ޶ߣķֱ𣬱һ࣬һѡ
Ϊ޼ɾ񹦴ɣޱȣǬŲƣ̶ͣһ㣬ûлʲôʱ䣬㣬Ҳֻһʱѡ
ҲԵɺϣɾ񹦣ǬŲƣ˳£תǬŲƱһ㹦Ҳˡ
ıڤ޼ɵľϢв磬֮ȴԲģ޼ɡ
ԣǬŲƣʮģʹٶû޼ô죬Ҳ϶ٵġ
ǬŲƣ΢΢һЦóƤСѨʹķš
ǬŲķϳϲҲһķرˡ
ٽȥڶķʩΪҲֻƬֻ̼ͨʮָ֮У˿˿ů
Ȼһʮıڤǰ׸ģǬŲƣνһʱǧ
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ȴǬŲƵĲɵļ󣬽ţͣ˵
ʱϺ죬ʱ΢麮Ϻʱͷ£ɲ
ɺֻȫ޲ָ⣬ռգȫƾ֮ٺ˵á
Ϊ̵񹦣ǬŲƵǿʢڻ£ңֲ˼ãȴҪˡ
һɣʱ򣬶Զһ΢ĽŲһһǳ΢Ľײ֮
ֻ΢΢һ㶣㼴ˣʱҹģӦֻ޼ɺСˣΪëʨлѷ޼ɶȻҪ׷ɱġ
Ƕ鱾ûʲôɣǬŲǲˣܿպȴһɣȻΪˬ
֪Ӧص㣬ס޼ɰˡ
ʱûô࣬ʱڣȴҲãңʹһʱжˣһνӦҲԺɵ㡣
ǬŲķһ߲㣬ȴֻǰȱڵ߲㣬ȫǸӡ
괴ǬŲķλǿȴҲδǷ켫ĵزֹֻдĵ߲ķԼ޷ֻƾŴǻۣ仯ѡ
߲ķֻһʮž䣬λƾдɵģǶǣȻ;
ǬŲķѣһã߻ħǿ߲㣬ͷȻ߻ħǷմȫ̱Ծ


225 
ŲٿһŲ΢Ƴ֣񣬶ˣԷֲˡ
һŲԵ΢һЩڼʵʯͷϣ̤һصңʱĽ֮
ֶжϳˣǸŲӦ޼ɣ񹦴ɵ޼ɣȻʲô̫ṦȻġ
Һ޼ɲʲô̫ṦûһϢ飬Ҫ̫׵ġ
һŲˣӦСˣһλѪŮԭ˲ͬȴἫɶµһλˡ
ͷŸոתһ£ӭжˣһһŮ޼ɣŮԵʮֳª
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ҲһСѵݣʵûʲô뷨УӹеŮӣиоĻСŮ
֮еСŮȻǵãԼӴĽӹĵһƷ£С˵ǵӾ硣
95Ű£ӴĵһϵƷļ䣬Ҳ̵ģʱ黹Сֻʮͷ
˸֮ʱֽµС˵߰˱飬СŮϲһġ
ӹеŮӣϲıСŮָоһΰɣֻһá
С˵ϾǼٵģϲСŮҲǾ¡ˮлվֻС˵еġ
񣬴ռ֮󣬾ȻԹͨ򸽽ͶӰռ䣬ԱΪʵһᣬһԡ
ȻԺˡ
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飬޼һԳһЩ֮ɫʵ̨֪ڣ
һָ
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ˣϧ˵㲻Ҳɱ𡣡
ˣʬԸ㣬Ǻڡ
޼ɹ֣һΣ޼ɺСѵԽ˲Զȥˡ
Źӣ˽̵֮ܵУһǵΪ˻ɱ֪ʲôĿġ
ʹ뿪һľ룬Сѵ黹ǿõ
ʲôĿģˡ
޼ɵ

̳֮ϣһƬĽʮݣųһţи߸ߵΧǽ
Χǽ֮ڣһƬĽУкôһƬ㳡Ϻѹѹվˣ٣ʮ֮˾Ѫ죬ԣ̵һ
׵ֳѣȻΧ֮ƣɵ
Χ֮һĵֿȻʮȴվɡ
֡䵱üɽغͿնɣ۷иֲڶ࣬һΧ̸Ҳ٣ȴվС
ʹУΤһЦС˵õɢˣ֮ǰѾһƣֱ͵Ϯһ书ۿۡ
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㳡ģƴڹ㳡ܣвս쵽档
쵽˹սĶ֮У޼ɺСҲУĹս
֮ܵУ޼ɷֿ֮ȥһصʯңһڽǬŲƵĵ߲ˡ
»صڵĹ뷿֮У̽ڵɱѾ˼Ϊҵĵزɱ˹
еˣڿභƷԶɣȻ˶Ǿ֡
תÿ켫ͻȻཻʱסֻһ˲֮䣬ٵԾתΪȫȻֹ
Թ̲ס۽ã
սˣһİС֮ɫ꺺ӣ䵱ɵϪ
ĶǸĿΰͺߣüʤѩ۽ǣӹӥ죬̰üӥ
Ϫͷð˿˿Ƭ֮䣬˾Ѹƽڼ
һӥ̽Ĵ󻤽̷֮һһĵӡµ䵱ۿʱҪֳʤܡ
ֻʯͷ½Ҳ˿Ʈݣ˫Ŀ
Ϫȴ䵱ķСݴ͡ԾƶҪּ
ƴƬ̣ϪȣƷ˳߲
Ϫǰ׿ۣ
ӣ˵ڼΪʥϷ硣Сͬʦ֣ѵնȻǷʤ𣿡
ϪʲŶһ˰СһҾеȥ
ͻ䵱һӣĪȣָŭ϶㲻磬Ҳˣ𣬽˺պޡ硢ˣȫӥУ˳𲻱Ī䵱֮
Ǻॡһʣ̫ҫ½һСڡơ
̾˿һȻ֮ɫصϷСŮ󣬲Ըٶ䵱ֹУȴδд󲻾ָһִĽͽһá
̽ͽ˫ֺüߵǰعϡ
ӹ˫һ֣žһʱΪء
ԹˡŶһû뵽üӥھս֮Ծ˾˵飬ǰͷѵġ


226 䵱
üӥԳΪĴ󻤽̷֮һԲǰ׸ģ书֮ߣһҲ֮ѵС
䵱ĹߣԺͰüӥһϸµģֻԶһˣˣ˵Ӯ
ĪΪ䵱ߣѷɫڰüӥһģ֮Ѿעˡ
ĪзУһʹһС񳯻ˡҲʱ绯Ϊʮ⣬ס̣ȴǰ̡
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ѱأӴͣһһƺ·ʶ֮ʿˣȴ֪ޣ׾ʵѧеļ߾硣ŲƶҲĪȴݸ߷ֻ͡һյʱ֣ѽʮ׵ɱ֡
ٶʮϺĪȵĽ죬ǲŲ̣ܹصŻ֮ڡ
͵һХĪȵĽ䣬ǱƳһۣƮ䵱ɵʮСָὣ
ʱѲ׾ԦɣߣҲչṦԿ졣
ͻȻĪȳƿգţ;΢Ȼ˹ȥбҼ硣·ָὣȫԻ佣Уʹ˸޳Եܡ
δȽæܣһ죬ǽϱۡ
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üӥĪȰս³֮ʱ鷢֣޼˺½ǰüӥˡ
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۹⻺ƶСΤһЦеȫ̱ӥ̺µĸָˣԼҰػԣδ̺ӥ֮УԼ֮⣬ûһֵܵסԶŵȭнԼս֮࣬Ȼοһίʵᡣ
΢΢һ֮䣬һС˴˵ħһͿأٲͶģǴʦȥħʮλɣ
δԣֻɽһ˽еʲôͶͶħ֮ڣղһڡ񾡣ҸȼֱΪħǣĿأôүǶ֡
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ʱԶŵǰ䵱ɺӥ̳ƺȴԸ֮Σⳡڣպ㡣һ˳̶ӥ̣Ż˽֪ǰαⳡˮڣɽȥɣ
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ԶŵȻˣˣ˵ƵģһСʽӻȥ䵱ȭͳе
΢°̬֮ؿ˫ȦתĿڡ
ȭԶűصǰ۳֪۳һ㲻ȴûǰȭһࡣ
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ֻԶŵǰѧտʦҲƵ˿ǰսˣȴ̫֮ƽֻһ˵һ߳һȡ
䵱֮׵Զţ֮ٲȻһ֮У塢ʦ壬ʵ֮䷶ȺαӿԱġ
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Զ΢΢һЦƺԾ˵ǰȭ
Ҳȭ˵䵱ȭȻھŽ񡣡˵˴ûٱȥԺ;ճ
䵱ۺͤδֻǺ죬ͷʲⳡ䲻ʵ̫ǿȴѽ߾ǣۼǿ֮ĩκһ³ʱɽ򵹣ܰüӥۺͤһۣҡҡͷ룺֮Σʤ֮䡣
䵱֮Σȴδضо֮磬ЩС֮ˣԸˡ
ֻһСʲŸ߽зλ֮ˣȴеƮƮǰ˵Ƶĸ϶棡Ϊᱡ
֮УϵĹߣʵǿ֮УҲֻǶȴҲˡ
ֻǣ˿һգȴûһ£Ϊ֮ˣȴûһɵΪ
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һۣһߣȵаɣ
ƳüӥѺʮ֮˾ţֻƬ̣ö֣Լͻ˫һ󣬷ȭĻȥ
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ϲȵսȭ£
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ÿ֮УһЩ˵ǱÿһˣǵʵǿǺöԸġ
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䵱ԶԽ鰲ˣ·棬СͯȥԶŸĵģͤơ

һ֮Уͤһŵ֮ϣ䵱еˣԶšϪۺĪȶڳԱ߲Զ֮һϵꡣ
ͤߣһߣѾСˣȴ׷ͯգԵʮ־񣬴䵱ɵĴʼᡣ
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ԶŭĵôֱЩֵˣֺУɣִָܷµġ
ȷʵִָĴˣ˵ԭһģ˵ֵĺɵİ
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Զŵõģȥ롣

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һԶ˵۾һæߴԶš
䵱еһĿģΪ˼ᣬѧᴴ̫̫ȭ
ҪԼȻлϲ˻ԶŵҲû֣ڽϵĵλǸɽֹģһĴڡ
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˲µúܶԣǱ֮ˣֹˣǴ˻͵ϮδǵЩˣڤϺŵ֣Щ˶Ԫ͢ˡ
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ŻȻԭԪ͢ӥȮֲ͡
ԶŸŭɹ̫ˣ䵱ûȥǣǾȻǣ䵱ɾǸݡ
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û˵ʲôĻıԿУŭġ
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ԶŵĵĻɵñɫˣһɱˣԪ͢϶ưոݵġ
ʹʿ̫³͢Ҳ̫͢ģɣ͢һˣʹֺ䵱̩ɽҲסġ
ʱ򣬾ѾԪĩ꣬Ԫı𿪹֮ʱѾ࣬һϣ͢ȻǽԱġ
Ԫ͢ɱǰ䵱ɽµֵסģԣһǸϢԶŵˡ
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ᾡҲ鷳ʲôûԣǱȽϵģĵԶţ㲻صģ޷Ǳˮڰˣֵʲô
ԶŵͷֻˣҲҪ׼
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ЦЦ˿ˡˣһ࣬Ϊͤӹǣ֪˿ɶԸ⡣
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ԶŸϲԽæȷǸʲô࣬Ŀκܺܣ
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¹ҺͤĽԶȻҲģʹҲ˵ġ
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䵱֮УŸ޲ˣŵĹ򣬿ʮ֮أ֣˭ȥı书Իֵܵӵ׷ɱ
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䵱˵⻰֮ԶžеըˣһҺͤҪԣԶžҪˡ
վԶŲͬ뽭ϵĴĸֶͬѧ֮ûôء
ԻԴ鶼ıȽϿһֱֺ飬ſԻһôá
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ǳԶһ䣬ῴ飬֮д΢Ц̫̫ȭҲŸոƣ֪֪ġ
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ǵҹ֣ƻͨƺ̣ǵҹӳյһƬ貣һҹǡ
Ϊĵ׶ǵķӹɣ϶ŵϺŵĸͨˡ
λڻĵıˣÿһ꣬ڶУҵѧǧǧĸУҵӿ˾ǣһͳһĳνƯ
ϸ˵ǰǱƯֻıȽϲҵıƯʵȻǱƯǰѾΪͬˡ
סС֮⣬ԶһֵǸСһ֣һ̯ǰԼĿ⡣
ǰ׾ݵʱƽյȽϽʡС̯ϵĿ⣬ǮҲ͵ģҪһٳԺãûһٿǮò
ʱÿһģȻûǮԴȣȴͬˣûдǮԺǲˡ
ȣģȻûκЩѬĵˣҪǿ̫ˡ
Ҳڳе׷˵ĻΪ֮ҪǬ̤ذ
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УջС񹦡ǬŲƺһָѧҲ˵䵱֮ϣѧ̫̫ȭ
ݺ໻ȡ̫̫ȭԶŻе΢ʣȴ˵ЩʲôϾݺҪҺͤģԶҲϣ˿Ժúõġ
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Сӣ㸶ǮС⣬ˡ
ǱߵִǣͻЩˣԽԽˣ벻עܡ
ֻǱִ߲ˣһһСӣ̫һСӣһòʵ꣬ҿ̯ϰ塣
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ϰһֱʵĸоʵҲˣһЩСԺȣǮĻҲҪ
û뵽һΣϰĵӱˣһС죬ٵӣ˺ִ֮⣬һߵλϻˡ
ͷĵ׳ǰɣֵҪǮǲǲˡ
Ǹһı飬һֻȥϰزˡˡ۸
ǰ۸ľһᷴģΪҪǮǲЩӣҪԼҶѧ
һΣľҲˣɣ̫ˣ˼ľ֮һ˦ľԴϡ
̤ģͷ㻹ʵ㣬ԣǸӣ㻹ҪǮ
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240 
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֪ˣľصľҲеһԱռ
ĿǰΪֹռеߣѾﵽһˣʹųѾ˵ߣҲȻһͷӡ
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ڽϻһС죬һСӣȴҲһȺСӵͷͷСһһ飬ǰ׳԰׺ȵġ
С죬ǲ֪ж٣ҪͷǲܵģǵõһЩڵеͬȥ
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ָ֣ϳֵʲôѧʦʵ̫࣬ĻĹ
ϢըʱĹ򵽵״治ڣ˶˵󲿷ֻڲڵġ
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ڶһ֮ʱЩԷĿˣѾ˿Ŷ˽ֵԽԽǿΧ۵Ҳȥ
˲а̮֮䣬ľм׷ɣһƬƬľмҲǾɱģȻɱˣ䵽һ˵ϣҲ˵ġ


241 
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һ֣۾һȴû뵽ͨһŵһſ쵶࣬缲磬ﲮĿʮ쵶еơ
һʤһһһϣľ񹥶ȥľһɫ΢΢һ䡣
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ףⲻǳǹܵĳ𣬸ոǼһﲻ˵Ҫ110𣿡
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ĵһսĸ֣һΧ۵ȺڣѾɵˣû뵽ô֡
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ʱʶˣԼˣȴ֪Ǳ˭ˣ뵽һһ֡
岢ҲɱҼһ̣ѾʶˣԼ²Լġ
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ԣһʱҲüͷʹǳͷҲġ
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Դӡ߾ˡʺ󣬡šһǧɣּ˾׸ݳǡ
ǰűȰǨƫƧĵطϼɽӴڴ仧ΪطС
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ҰǰǰǾݽһɱ°ӵٸΧˣһֽ˹ٸаһҰǰ׺ѪɱƴĺݾȴһںҰǰγͻʱŴ·硣
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˿ôɵĶ飬Ұǰȫ徫񾡳Ҳ赲ǵĽŲ¶Դ˶
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ǶôߣܹߣֶβңҲûнӴҪһЩ


248 źҰǰ
ϼɽŵĸ֮ڣƽʱʹ书ߣҪڲϼɽߣҲǲ׵ġ
ŽҪҰǰ﹥ƵĽҪͷϼɽ֮УѾҳһƬˣǱֱѴ֮
һʼ黹СģԽɽԽˣɽѾҳһƬûע⵽顣
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ȻںҹڻѵĻ谵ǵȫòֺںģߴΰ׳ƣǲСġ
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ڴʱȻǺںڵڴһ
ȻһžડžડнĽŲ洫˳ԽԽ
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뿪ڴԶĵطͣΧԼǰˣû˿η֮ɫ
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һĳ̳ڶԲ磬ͻȻüͷһ塣
ô£ѵСС
ü֮ʱа
ţվŵģСС֮ʱһϲæ˵磬ڸɶأЩ죬һֱլڼﰡ
ͷǰҾһլС
ƽ龭ڷССĺ棬ԼլӦ


256 Ʒ
ѽ磬ǴڷĽ㻹Ӧöġ
СС
ͷ֪֪
ССֵˣ磬죬ҽҪȥˣȥ𣿡
ĿһҰʱûʱ˵
ֺСС䣬ССˣ飬ֻ֪ͨһȥϢδ֮⣬Ҳտ÷ӵ˼
Ȼ֮СС뿪ˣһķӣֻʣһˣȴȻûжٸпȫ񣬶Ͷ뵽֮С
ֹ˴µʱ䣬еġ͡衱ȫˣڽ˵ڶԲ֮ʱͻơ
ûˡ͡衱ЩҩڵʮȱĻ֮£Ҫɣǲܵġ
ԣ׼ٴν뷲ɴͶӰ֮С
εεΡ
ԣͻȻֻһ£ƴϷϢȥꡣ
ԴӺ͸˶֮󣬲֪ˣ鶼ûк˶һˣ߰˰ɡ
һΣ֪˶ʲô裬ƴϷϢ֮У˵˶ġ
ߣ⡣
ֻһӣ鲻мһЦ׼ǰȥ

λԽʮڶ侳ڶɽ꣬˿ϡ٣ͬʱڹԪ硣
̫ɽλڽԲǧҰݲ˼ԭʼɽ֣żԷԳƿֵĴ˵һصɴ
֮Ȼ벻ɽвѱԽߴ֮һĻƷȣռǧ֮á
濴ȥ˴ɽûʲôҲɽվľʵȴǱһŴǣȫǻѣʵĽ¥̨һЩ̤Ҷ״ߣڵͿմȥͣæµš
һΣ˷ɴͶӰֱ֮ӱ͵˻Ʒڵ̫ɽ֮⣬ֻҪٽһǻƷȵɽ֮ˡ
ΪɴǺɵˣƬصķʶųģֻҪһή׷ġ
־֮£ֻҪҽ뷲ɴͶӰ磬һᱻ׽ģʵϣȴһҲûС
ͨıķʶ꣬Ͳһı䣬ʲô¶ûˡ
Ѿ̫ɽ֮⣬ֻҪóʽΪƷȵĵӣĻƷȻ᲻ˣΪںóʱҲ˵ġ
ѡƷеķǲμԽٿɴᣬ˻ƷȵĽˣó̶˻Ʒȡ
ѡΪҲƷȵɽţͲһˣֱӱ͵̫ɽ֮Ϊʡµġ
뻳ȡö鰵̾Ϣһ룬һοȫˣͬʱ̤ǰǰȥ
ԽߴƣǸɽ¾޹ɼ֮ֻҪ˳ϷƵɣЧͬɻʤߣɻͬȴͻʸ
һöɱɴʤ߸ҪһöǱȽģ٣ԽʹߴţҲûж
˵ףԽλ̫ƫˣԴḻǺʲôġ
ңɱɼ廥תúͽףҷ׷˷ܾǰõһöʱԶ֮ǰ
Ϊʱ̫֤ܲÿһ˭˵ҲûǸҪֻҪɵĳŵɣ˭棬޹ء
ԣɣˣֻҪ˳ȥͿһ죬Ƶͽߵ֮
еһöǻƷȷģǱɱ˵Ľˣԭˡ
ںպҶ룬Ҷ⣬һɼؼҲסΪ׹ϵദĵ
ҶֱԿҶҺؼҰռһɽ֮ǿнɽָģ飬߾Բٸɵġ
еöؼϴ֮֮ûаõֻΪؼһֱҲϴţԸȥҲԸƽ̣˴˱
ǣ֮ؼΪжϡ٣˥˽һʱؼҾֻʣôһλжˣޱȣܹ
ʱҶʵ⣬ټߵ׹ϵǺ֮ˣǣҶҵڰؼഫļ汦ϣǱص֮
˱ʲУԹɫı쵹СټСҶҸҪжʱǰõĽ˾ͼæͷ֮زز
һӾʮ꣬һֱ˵ؽĳڣƾŵǳķƭƭȣҲңڡ
ʱһԭʹ˼ҲʼʹҲܽڣȻǺαȥɴɵͼܿأ
ΪһЩ֮ҰǰƸ룬ɱŵշ壬ΪƾߵʵѾеķս޲ʤ޲ˣ룬˺̥
ܺΪȴʢˣѧͻڽ˲֮£ڽ֮ɱ
öӦñ˺·;ĵһɾͺħĵһ
ȴ룬һţɱȡ


257 ͽ
̫ɽ֮еĻƷȥܻƷн֣ȴ֪Ʒȵڡ
Ʒȶ񶾽ƣȻ֪ǰǻƷȵɽţȴôȥ鲻ò̾ɾǲ
ŵĽƣǲܴƵģеӦû⡣
ǣĿдʶָ֮֮ϲŶһСĻ򣬷·ʱϨһ
òףӵΪѧ˻ܻ㼶֮£Խʩչ
飡
Сһӣ·ʱҪϨС򣬵ջһߣǰ֪ʲôϣһ졣
һǰһƬ޵ĵطͻȻ˺Х֮üΣĪֶ
ˣŲȷɽ֮УһɱĿ⣬顣
ղ㹥Ʒȵ𣿡
ʲôˣ֪ʲôط𣿡
Сӣɡ

ƷȵʿһȲֹɱڵӣЩ˽µķɽֹ
Щ˵ΪΣʿʿ鲻֪ʵٱԼҪǿģһǳ֣ɾͲˡ
֪ʱȣ鲻Ҷ˵ϻֱóеǰһݣ˵λѲҪŭǻƷȷƾ¿԰ƷУ뼸λѳְæ
ףȻҿ
һʿĿһ֡
һ֮ȷģʿ֮飬˵ɡ

ƷУһ֮Уλ֮ϣһλݲȡŵ꣬ǻƷֽš
ƷֽһٶˣƳ׵ģںڵΪԳȣ֯ڵܸߣڳʦֵܶ伫Ϊŷ
֮Уλϵ֮⣬໹ʮλʿЩʿǽǻƷȵĹԱ
ڴ·վһ꣬İȻʮӢҪƷȵ顣
һƷȵϲȻȽӣʣ֪ʼ֮󣬹λ߲ʮָˡ
ڷɴͶӰ֮УõӦͱӵеĻδ
Ѿϡˣڷ˵֮Уڵģųġ
ǿӹɵģڻƷʿļ֮£Գ˱ҪǿʣõһڻƷȸ߲Ŀء
һ㣬ԸΪʦ
ĻƷĿйâȣʵ
ڷ˵֮Уһ֣һΣյ磬ֻǵ͵һЩã̫ߵĻÿ졣
δشһ˳ˣһģʿţⲻϹأȻһôãӦиõʦλʦʦ壬кô
ûʲôϹصģǡãһûܹӣһΪʦĻҵĴӣһúý̵Ҿ˷ʡ
ҡͷҲУţһʣʹ֮УҲǼΪڵģпܳ𵤾ʱν̵
ԣĿԲɣȵĽͿ϶һ˽𵤾𡣺ãʹҲܣҲΪһȥλʦʦ壬һһ˷ˡ
˵һԸԸΪʦǻһԸ⣬Ӧû˵˰ɡ
Ľһ£ˣͷðɣţһ°ɣҪһоƶһ˵һ£򣬶ƽ
ɫЩԸ⣬֪ǹأҪλԺƷȽ𵤾׷ʹǻƷȵţҲҪܵͷġ
飬ĽһҪˣһؼʱڣҪˣǰΪʦǵһȡԸһȵĻл𵤾ǰµġ
ĽĻһ˵꣬ȲĵһˣԸΪʦĻһȫ㣬˷ʣ֤ԳΪʿ֤ԺҵΪһ㣬Ϊһڵʿڽ𵤾ҲҸ㱣֤Ҳһᾡȫģʱһûн𵤾һõĽ𵤾ʦ㣬㿴Σ
˵Ļһ˵꣬ĿһһȥȴһĻشĽˣĿ⵹ѰĿ⣬ȴޱȡ
ü˼֮󣬴Щ֮һȻһͷ˵ãͬ⡣
ģͬ⣿
˫һɣһȷϵ
ֱ֣ŵı֣֮Ҫͽʵ̫ˣʸҪӡ
˵˽֮Уõʣֳ˱õʣɶġ
ǻƷȵţ滹н𵤾ĴڣҲûжٰյģֻҪƴһѣһᣬһͽܣץסĻҪڵġ
ĴӦ֮⣬ϲĽڳһ֮󣬲ӡ


258 ͻͽ
ԽߴɣƷȵʵĲǰ棬ȻĩβȴҲġ
ÿʮĿɽͽƷܹյĵӣӵбõʣʵټ
Ʒ¶ûյӵĵӣ鲻ʾʣңʤģʵ̫ˡ
ôʣƷȵβģʹĽ𵤾ʿܻ᲻ҲҪס
Ϊ˵֮󣬸һ뿪ˣΪһЩβҪ
Ʒڽ𵤾ʿ֪ΪһݵģԣҪȥ
Ȼûа𵤾ʿ£ڻƷŵҲģеĴȨһûġ
˵ϲоöмصһЩĻ֪ʶԼһЩҩķֱʹ
ˣĶʮִģֱ֮һССҩ԰ֲҩ
ҩ԰ȻģȴȫˣֻƿҺҩˣŪһЩǧҩ
ûֹоҩȴҲ룬֮ʱҪһһΪΪҪڵҩֻ΢һ¿ԣҪоĻõȵ֮
ĸ룬ȻյȫյģֵʮʵģԴȻʮ⡣
һʦ϶࣬Ʒȵĵ֮󣬿ȡװҪȥһˣȻ˴Ϊ
ƷȵװֱΪ˿һҶһճһסµһѡʮһ
Щװ˴֮⣬ĶͨƷǷֵߡ
ʹǸʮҲ̫õĶ鵹֪˴һЩơ
һһСƷıƣھ޴Ʒ˹ƷͻʧЧ޷ٷ
ڶԷŻŽĻǱɣ
ͽ׵ĴûЧģ˭˴˭Ϳ԰ĶռΪУ
ò˵ǲǲǿϣǸʮǵͽ״Ϊ鿼ǣһ߽״ġ
ԴϣҲΪ鿼ǣʮнʯһٿͽʯһЩԴٽΪĵҩ
óЩҩȡ͡衱Ʒ׸ҪߣҩЧóġ͡衱ȴδǿ
͡衱ǺܴڵĵҩҩȴǺƿҺģĵҩҲõġ
ṩĵҩٶȣȻǼģҲԸ˵
ƿڵļӳʮԵģõĻʵ̫ɵˡ
ң黹һҩ԰ôõƷеʿҲǶһݰɣƼãǶԲˡ
ҩ԰ǲСĶС滮Ҳʮֺҩ԰һ鱻ۻֳķεأе롣
ÿ鷽εڶдУҩݣЩҩݣҲȫʶϤģҲİģһЩι״ֲ԰Ȼ
ʮӵģ֪ԵҩݱȽϸȤ˲ҩݣֲҩ԰֮С
ռ֮£ҩ԰еҩݣﵽһΪɹ۵ĿǷ࣬鶼ʶ
ֲôҩݣҩ԰еΪŨÿһΣҩ԰֮УֻҪһܻе泩ޱȡ
һʹ鲻õҩٶҲԴﵽ죬õҩ¶ģ˭ţƵĻء
˵ò˳һ£֮УƷȣһģȴ˺ˣֻȡһЩƽԴһλûȫ֡
ֱΪһʿһλ𵤾ĴΪʦĳϲŽµԴ
ȴһģлƷȵں棬˭Ҳߡ
ڽһŬá͡衱͵͵İƿڶһն֮¹⡣
Ϊƿԣ¹֮ʱ˷ˣڶıԵһȱȽأֿ¹⡣
ң黹ڷй˿صķ죬óʮܵڣ˾첻ľ˼
ӵеĴ˴ʮŨչˣȻټҩ԰еȻ֮ƿĶѾСˡ
ȫ֧֮£ٶȣͻͽݣٶȣû졣
ʹ˻ƷȣĹȻǳûбĹֻҪУͨĲζŲá
ңĳѾ˵㣬ٸĻΪҪƵǷ鷳ġ
㹻ĵҩԷãټʼãʮŨĻƷȣٶȣǰġ
Բֻ˲һµʱ䣬һ¸ճͷʱͻ˳ĵĲ㡣
ţĲ㵽㣬ȻʮѸ٣һ¶һ㣬µʱ䣬ˡ
һֻ꣬һʱ䣬ΪͻΣһ·˲㣬ȻҲͻƵ˵ڰ˲㣬ٶȣľˡ


259 ʮһ
ȻǻģЧģг㵤ҩĹӦõΪͻͽ
Ʒ֮ʱΪŸոͻ㣬һ֮ΪѾߵ˲㡣
һʱ䣬һͻ㣬ٶ֮죬ʮֳԾģǿ̫ࡣ
⻹սᣬֹһ꣬Ϊͻƣٴͻ㣬ʮһ㡣
ʱȥ鲻Ϊˣﵽʮһ㣬ƿõǧݡ
֧ǧ˲κһǧ֥ǧݣʹɽ磬ʮֹصģʱ׼ʹá
ƿкõļѣʵǿ̫࣬Ǿۼ˵ǣţƵǡ
ʮһ㣬ʮѾԶˣʮ۷֮ʱԳ
ҪڻƷԵõһöǰõһö˵Ѿˡ
ʮţƵöٷ֮ˡʮǱյá
öȻѾ㹻ܵõǸаգңʹòҲǺмֵġ
ȫɵĴʱ϶Чõģıң㣬Ƚмֵ
ǡãǰ鿴ɴʱ򣬻ǵеľ飬ں˻Ʒ֮󣬼һˣƽ׵ö
ȻõöҪһ񶷣ҪսһֺҲ̫黹аյġ
ԻɱˣûԼȽһ£Լʮһ㣬͵ʱΪ൱Ҳñβһս
̫ɽΧѾ֮ˣһֱСжѰҺǸᡣ
ΪЩж׼һЩõķͷһص졣
ҹ鿪ʼˣĳɽµİɽ黹ûпȥ㷢˲ԡ
æһǸ߽ЧʮֲʹΪ߹飬Ҳֲ
ΪﵽʿҲһʷֲ飬ֹĺö
̸߽ǰʮ֮ʱæͣΣ˳ƶһɽʯ֮
͵͵·֮һ鿴һӣһλŮӵ࣬使ϸţʱĳһƵ
ɴ֪ǣһһŮе½꣬Ůճ¡
½ӣǻƷڣյһӵзȱĵӣڻƷ֮УҲӡ
⣬ƷûյӵĵӣѾõˣȻʮӵġ
ƷյһĽݵֵܣǱһ֮󣬾ȻܵһĿأɼڻƷܵӡ
ʤֿ죬ִӦˬ죬Ҳܵӡ
ò˵½ļһﲻСǸĵļһǸճµŮӣʼպ½ҵˣӦþ½¡
½ΪȻϧԼ֣ʲôǿɱ˵İϷɼ˼֮񶾡
֮У鵹żʵģ񶾵飬Ҳû
½ȻǱʲҲƲǶҪû㹻ʧܵļʲС
ĹؼʱеԽ࣬Խаգһʮþȵп
Ҫ˵½ͳŮһһŮɲŮòˣеӢͦΣŮò绨úദԴĽһɾ¡
ɣʱ˿̣棬ʮΪΰ
Ůڵϣͷɢݱ˴룬֪һĻϲŮ˭
Ůӵ壬ȴ罿۰һ㣬˴룬¶˽׸еԵļرǶ԰ڰǵķأѪԵԡ
½긧ŪŮӵĹ֮УһָֻŮǰɢ¶һŽԹޱȵݣһ˫۾Ҫ
ʦãαأҲδܹŮ֮ʦ־ͺúõ۰һҲʦôûŮˣһҪ̫˷⸱Ƥҡ
½ʼղ֮ȴʵ顣
½꾹ö֮ȼɱĹʵ֮ڼΪˣһǴ½ġ
ĿǰеһЦһɫһŮɫ֮ʱΧ֮һֹȵޣס֡
˵һаδĻǡ
ʱе½ǿΪʮֱӺΪɳܵģԼȴеġ
˻һ֮Уһ֮𣬳һŮӵ˺ˣͬʱһЦ
ȳԿŴɣһûʲôȤˣ
Ӵȡһֻƿеһöҩ裬½꽫ҩ˳ŮӵĿУȥ
ȣʦãҪΪʵǰǺ˫޵ҲȫԸ˰
½ЩԵĿЦ


260 ˴Ƭ
ø߽ڴʯ֮󣬿½ͳŮӵıݣڿһջ3DƬ
ƽȤˣûٿƬƬǹҲûٸɣĿ˱ݣоǲһһ֣̼
飬黹Ǻܾöûˣǰһʱ䣬Ϊ˲ϡ
һʱ䣬ȫռ֮УŬʵûȥˡ
ΪһġѪյӣ˴ƬûоĻܣ˿Ĵ
߶ǣԣ˷Ӧ
Ůιʳһ裬½겻ûȥֹͣڳŮϵľٶµʲôӡ
ҵˣ
Ƭ֮½оϲһϣһ¶һСĴ
½겻ǳŮӣǰѴһӴһѵƷз֮ĶҲµŮ˽֮
½Щƿƿ޹ޡӵƵƷзҸͣƺѰʲô
֪½ҵһֵҩνƥŮΪӵŻ˶˵ġ
ҵˣҾ֪ʦһЯģȻٰ
½ϲǶѶ˸ɫСľС
ɫСľ֮УװӦþˣʵϣ˵ȻҪҲδǱصõġ
һˣټϻδزܹõֻǰոһЩˡ
ľУһ£ȻУ½ˣľз뵽ԼĴڣȻЦٴδյ˳Ůӵԡ
½˷ܵһ߼˺ųŮӵһ˵ֱɮһ
ɽҰ롢ĽҰ⣬ºڷߵҹ¸ɻµĴʱ½겻֪˶һԿϷ˷ܡ֮£еܣǿνǲ²찡
ʦðɲҪңΪҲû취ģҪ֪ǵĶӿ׿˵ˣֻҪҺ㳹׶Ͼ˹ϵת˫ޣͻڵλšʦ棬£Ҿ춯صĴͨһԾʦʵڲʹ˴Ҳֻίʦˡ
½Ĵһʵ޳ܣΪԼǰ̣Լ׽˶Լ˺ֱˡ
˵Ʒȣʲô춯صĴͨԽߴ֮Уʵġ
ƷûʲôôǿͨԪӤֻһˣģ𵤾ʿҲ࣬ɼʵ֮ǿ
鰵½ʱڵϣĿԹĳŮӣ˶Էⷬ޷εĻĻѣ޲ȥҧλ˼ڣйͷԹޡ
ϧǣλá縿֮ȫסˣ޷ֺſڴľٶΨζԷڲѡ
½ĻóŮ㱳ȥк
ȣʦòǳ¼ҼĶŮʵʦһҲδɡʵںʦɰתޣ¼ҵΪ֣Ĵɢ£Ϊɨءҿ˵ˣʦʹޱӡΪʦֵ£ҲΪʦֵʦûǴʧɣҲ˻ɵΪϣϾǰô
½ʵ˵ȴ˿δͣŮתۼ飬׳ˡ
½꿴ǰ˫Ŀţָʼڹ⻬ļڳһҪúƷ˵ҶĵǣʦþһδãҲȵ֮ٷðɣϾĻɹļҪһЩ
Խߴ֮䣬ΪǣƵԭ򣬵ҩĶȱʹʮϡ٣ֵӸ߲¡
У֮ʱһöģȴƷеһǿнȥ
ڻƷУʹʺܺãбߣܹ䵽Ҳֻһţɼѵá
ˣҲ½Ϊһö´˵޲飬˳䡣
Ȼʦ֮ҪΪˣ᲻ɣұЩģһöʵЩգ»ʧܣϾʹߣʧҲǳе¡ʦõһҩ;Բˡ
˵½ջ˫֣Ӵȡ˸շŽûõľԼһֻɫĴƿҿģһ֮ɫ
½ʣڻƷеõһöΪ棬ԳŮӵݺͱͬԵõһöҲҽһö
һһööˣʹ飬ҲЩջģοԳ
ʱӵľ۾ˣ۲½һһԷ¶һ˿Իɵ֣ɱˡ
˿̣Ůȴ֢״ϵԹ֮ɫͺ֮ڽʧһ飬¶ļҲֳ˷ɫ㴽΢΢ȴκ
ʱ򣬳Ůһʮֺڵģ֮ǰԼôϹۣ½Ĺεļһ֪ĿҲִ
ֻǣ֮ٺڣЩĿǰΪޡΪľƣʹڣҲûˡ
ٺٺ٣鵤ˡʦܼˣΪ˱ʦõĴΪֻһ£ʦóζҲԵʦˡ
½޳֮֮ʼȥƺ½þļһ


261 
ɱѾµĲԣݸĵģѾˣ½ѹ֮ٽϮضԷңܹһЧ
ĻɹİպܴǣӾ۾˫֮еķҲ
õ˳ŮӵԸ֮½ĳ׷ˣıԽŨ
ò˵ŮӹһŮò绨·ǹ֮¶ļǰˡ
ңڴ鵤Ч֮£ŮӸԲѣ뵽һֲ԰εľ֮У£ɢŨĺɶϢ
ʦãҵĺʦãʦ㣬֤
ϵ·½ȥ
˫֮УѾһ㵭Ѫ֮ɫѪ첢ɱ⣬˼֮󣬲һ
˵Ůӵϣ½꼱͵ȫ£ģֻһֻŭС
Կʼˣ
һ֮£ˡ
ֻһХһ½꼱նȥе½꣬һ֮£æһܿһ
һԾ½ԼǬҪȡֵķ߷ȴûз֣һɫĹâɱˡ
һɫĹâǰ½ŷӦ˹ʱûüȡκη߷
д֮£½껹ҪܿԱһȴվ첻һҹ⣬һ֮£ҹ½ڡ
˭Ҳʡ
һδ˵꣬½͵رˡ
Ϊ½϶٣ټģܶùǲ͹¡
ңһ֣֮ƣڶ˷ͬʱ˷һҹ⣬ǵ֮ڽķ
½֮һ˳ȥ½ŵĴ
ڴһ£ҵһľкһֻƿ򿪲鿴һ£йֱһö
ҴĿַ˳Ůӵϣڴ鵤֮£ʱŮѾȫ뵽֮У˫Ѳ֪һС
鵤ҩóŮӲ֪İڳջƣһĻðɳܵӲˡ
ɲɣ
һʱɣΪԥе嶯˽ս
踥ȡ̣ģˣ
һ̣¶˾ġ
ϲһ֮ˣҲΪԼǵ֮ʿڲӦԼƣȴҲܿԼ
ңѾܳʱûͷŹˣܣһѹ·ŮǰһвܵӰġ
Ůɡ
źʵˡÿԸ

֮Ϊʮ㣬־˰ʱĴĥΪӾ
˴˵Ϊ磬ѾǵƿһƷȵ
Ʒ֮УֻһʵĵӣӣƷ֮У𵤾ʿһʮӵġ
ڻƷ֮Уһֱʮֵ͵ΪչٶȣȴΪ
ʶܵ˻Ʒ֮ڣ߲ӣЩ𵤾ʿɹ֮š
ѾΪʦһΪ֮ûʸ̵ˣΪ˲ʣһ𵤾ʦڱеġ
Ȼ֮ʱΪһö֪飬һöΪõһöһöһɹġ
Ǽõʣʹûмļɹһöףֱʮþˡ
ˣģΪһöʵȽϿˡ
ԼҶ֮У鿪ʼ˱չأһеİȫʩʮ걸Χ󷨣ʹڵʿҲһʱ̴
֪ɲһٳɹ
һö
֮һϣ齫˿Уɤһ֮£㿪ʼ˹ҩˡ
ڳ֮£ҩĺܿ죬̶̵ʱ͸еﴦʼһһԽԽ֫طȴֱޱȣγʮȸܡ
ָоֻһСﴦһʧӰ٣֫ȲλҲָ󣬵ﴦȻһ߰˰Ѽ⵶ͬʱһľʹ
ʹԤϣҵʹϮ֮ʱҲһ±ò԰ޱˣƶСĺ飬˳򢲻ͣĵ䡣
ͨչˣռ֮УͶӰռΪʵĽչһֱһ˳ģʲôʱԹʹࡣ
ʹϮ֮£ܣӲ˹ΣȴȻסҧ
һḶ́Ҳһ׽Ḷ́ΪǴθıʣνʮҪ
ǺҪȴҲʮʹ⻹ʹģһ̣ﴦ־ʹͻȻ˿
ֱΪ˳ž鲼ȫ˹֮СţϻΪ̵ƺȫͣȥ޲ͷֱײǽǣ΢ʹࡣ
ֲ˵ĥһֱһٷʱ䣬ŽˡʱܷǽǣǿվʱѴգȫһĪĻɫʣģɢ˵Ĺζ


262 
ϲֱ仯鲢⣬Ԥϣ׾ϴЧųϵʡ
׾ϴ裬ĹҲоﵽʮ۷Ϊһ
ΪһʮԲľ磬ȴٽˣ޿ɽΪΪֹˡ
ԸоԼ£һůĸоʹͨ£һ
ϵů⣬ĺҩûл£պǿʿġ
һʿڳ֮ʱûгɹҲչ£ĲҩЩҩͻʱţš
ȻͲһˣеܶ࣬ȫԵǶãȻںЩҩ
鲻ֻö񣬷һöֻʣöˡ
䲻ʱ˿̣ȴҲЩɢҩ޿κΣϧȴղˡ
ΪѾ۷Բ֮޿ɽˣЩɢݶҩʵղˡ
յĴƽϢһԼ飬»ظƽ޲̬׼ʼõڶ
ڶȥõһ֮ʱûʲôͬͬľʹͬ׼飬ʵʹһء
黹ǸоˣεʹһҪ΢һЩһεľʹ̹һΣǲ̫ѹ
ڶΣϵʣȻųһЩһųʣȴҪࡣ
ڷЩ仯ͬʱڵķԪҲڷı仯䵤֮Уԭ̬״ԪѸٱóҺ̬תơ
Ϊδԣ黹˽ģǱǷԪҺˡ
һʿ䵤Ҳ伫޵ģʿԪ̬ڵģֽ
Բ֮֮ѾûеطԳ֮ʱҪҺ̬ΪҺ̬ô洢Ԫ
֮УҺĹ̺ܿ죬ֻƬ̣ķԪ˵ĴһС⣬ѾҺûʲôˡ
ֹƬ̣ĴЩ̬ҲʼתˣԺܿٶȣѸٱҺ̬Ԫ
һ̣֪ԼɹˣеĿϲֱѹֲסˣæһվ𣬰쳤Х

ɹڻƷ֮У˺䶯˽֪ǻƷȵĸ߲֪ˡ
ƷνʮָӵģΪɹϲǳΪڲʱ֮Уܽ𵤾
һΪߣѾûʸ̵ˣʹ᲻ãƷһڽ𵤾棬Ҳǲġ
ͽܣɹˣ֮ڣ϶н𵤾ǰΪͽΪʦΪˣֻϣԺҪΪʦĽ̵ꡣ

شʦĺˣһΪʦΪԺɾΣҲʦġ
ϲãͽܣΪʦο
꣬һҪͽܣ˵һõĵӣ˵ǶͶʣȹ̵ꡣ
ʵߣģΪһ𵤾ʿǺаյģͶʣһȷͺԶΪ
Ȼɹ֮ûգƷʮ𵤾ʿΪӡ
ʮ𵤾ʿһӣȨ㵽У԰һ𵤾ʿ£գѡԪ
֮ѡԪΪԪУһҳ飬ǽʮҳ֮һ
˽磬һõҳ飬һΪʮҳ֮һĽҳһΪʮҳ֮һҳ
ҳǺѪɫеõģ鲢ûдȥɱʣƷҲǸ֮أԣҳûϷˡ
ҲһԺʱ䣬һ£Ҳ֪ҳڡ
ڽҳ׵õԪУˣҳ֮УŹԪתԪǲĹ
ڽ飬Ȼ⣬ȴҲһ׷󣬵ǰһŽҳȥã̫ϧˡ
Ѳɿֻ֪֮ǰֹһźźҵġ
һһҳΪʮҳʮҳУҳΪҳý׭дҳΪҳд
һҳϣÿһҳһɼʮҳص֮һЩھԼһЩ仯ͨ
ʮҳȴ󣬷󷨡ѧ漰
ϵĹȻȴֻʺʿʹãһͨǺЧΪеֱӱ
ʮҳΪҪʮҳصĶȻӣֱõȴࡣ
ΪƷصĲϴʮϡٵĶʶٵˣҲû˵ģʱֻΪοоҳ⣬ʮҳеļأЩʵĶ
ڷɽͶӰ磬֮УÿһõĽҳгɵʿ󶼳˲õĴ
㲻ܺʲУҲԱӻһأưһˡ
ǺһǿͨǴӽ֮еõģȣһЩ̫֮֮һȡ
˵еļأʵʵãƷ׶ǲ͵ģҲǼǿġ


263 ҳ
ȣӵʣĵӣĸţܵӵġ
ʹԪһ𵤾ʿ飬ҲòӣһţһĹ
ԪĲѡҲһЩ飬ʣȫ׹
ԪĶ׹ȴֶ׹˵ˣʹ˽磬ҲδľǶ׹
ԪȻʮ鷳ȴһŸĽҲĴģĿǰֻ뽫֮Ū֣޲˵顣
һɣ˵Լ־ڽᵤ̫ںǿԪһͨõѡͨĻᡣ
ԪĲҲܴǸƽͨʯңʯҶһĽ绤סˣ˸޷롣
Ԫߵ˽ǰһָһֿһĴӣ˲ͨ
һ棬۽ˡʯ֮ڣʽҳӡ鼮ȫڿУɢɫ⣬ʮ֮࣬ЩԪֶͨΣռ
ÿһ˽ƣҺͷȥժõĻͻʯڵ󷨣˻ڴ˵ء
ԪЩԵõĸ齲
ҫһ֮ԪմôһץʱһϼϷȻһ򣬴ϡ
ȻԪַͬһץߡ˼󣬲գƷ顣
⼸ַϿ죬ֽĹѡһΪɡʵʣ׹´ģĹҲΪ˽𵤾㹻ʱ䣬תսǿĹҲ١
Ԫ΢Ц˵
еĹ٣ҸɫһһѰҹѡһ¡
ĿģΪѰҽ飬ʶйӹֱҵһУһ򿪣㷢һŽɫҳ
̫ˣҵˡ
˽飬ϲ
һŽ飬ʮ˱дĹģصһŽСԪͨͨҲ֮ͨĸܹӿʱۼٶȡ
һҳĵϸ黹ǱȽģͨԪ;֮⣬εĽ𵤾ʿķƽƷҪǣϼصͨ
ĸףصĺǰȷʵһŴͨʮֿ̣ʹҲѾռϣſġ
Ժûлȷֱߵıðײá
鵽֮ԪǣԼҵĶ֮У֮ǿԼٶģ뵽ʱҲˣ㲻Ǹ鷳ˡ
ҳȻ֣˵ʱȴûʲôôڷе治̫ء
ȻһЩĹǼѵõģһֻܵõһ֣Ĺʮ鷳
ǣȥ磬õһЩǿеĹ
ĴܾǲģŪ֡

һ֮һ䲻֮Уݺᣬһɫķɽ·ɣ
ɽ֮ϣһâ£նҵʯ֮ϣһĿӶˡ
ҵУϥ飬һʱƽ˵㡣
ԪȻȴҲкܴȱݣҲȱˣֻǣ˵֮ÿһɢȥʿ֮һķʮַѾ׵ٶҲ
ȻƽҲкôģɢȥ֮һͬʱʿԪͬ׵Ĵڣ֮һ
ڱ˵Ԫʱ䲻ãȴûģȫԽ֮ס
ŹȻѡõѡ
ʱˡ
ţվ˶жȥڵķжȥڷ֮﷽Բ֮лε
һգڷ쳣ǰսڷһ֮£æȥ
һŸ߽ϵǰڵʿ֣ԿΧסĵˡ
Щˣһޱ飬Щܻ֮ĻޣлһЩżˡ
ЩһжƺöԸȴΪ٣Ҳǳ
ЩֻҪżһŴ죬ͻڴֵľ޴ɫ˲ͬԡ
Щż͸ˣֱӴϵĳУһָϸɫȻûл޵ĹʤԴԴͣϢ
ʿǺ֧һ޴Ļ֣˹͹Ŀը֮¡
ΪģЩ赶ǹĽսˣǲؼףϵĵǹһ⻪ǻʵĵн׷
սȻֻʮΧס󣬵ǹ̸ͣǻִҡҡ׹ⰵʱʿֲͣĲ䷨ѱˡ
⼸ߣʵǿᣬϷۺ񣬶ϵķҲˡ
һСĹ򣬾ʮܱǵĳ֣Ķˣ߳á
ԷĿȴƺ޾һֱԴԴϵĲͣǴս


264 ǧ֮
޾ʿȻʵǿ󣬵վЩֲ֧סˣһʿסˣͻȻһεķֱ˴֣ȥҪ˵ˡ
˲ŸոշɳһֱĳȻһֱӴ򵽰еʿϣߵһûзֱӻΪһŻ򣬵䵽˳֪ˡ
ǵһº˼λʿţǻǸַƺɫȴеˡ
ҪնɱҵȿԪɵĵӣɱǿɾ൱ͬʱԪɽ磬Ͳɱ֮
ʶȥУҪˣһ곤ʿˣŶеĵ˺ȵ
ٺ٣ɱ֮
⻰ҪûɱǸߵʿ֮ǰ˵һῼһ˼ȻѾһǷһҲǵɱ⣬˵û˻֪أ
ǿûʲô⣬ֻҪϰԺͣҵȷľԽ±ܡ
һʿæ
ߣģһҿɲšǹĸôʱ䣬˵ûж⣬ѵҳԷɣ˵ұͲԪˣǹҵɽ磬ѵһǧ̳Ҫȥ˵Ļĳҵʦųĵˡ
ãȻǧ̵ˣܾˡ
һ˵Ļһϲ˫΢΢Źˡ
ҸƴˣһҪɱˣ
һʼ˵ʿҲĶʿĶ־Ҫƴһս
ƴʸҵĿܲ¶ӮʲôƴҲǼλ湻ˣǼ·ɣ
д˵Ӳɱȴ¶ɡ
Ŵ˵һ䣬ͻȻһ΢ľ죬š顱顱ĳ֮ĽŲһĴ
ŲȻܳأٶȴܿ죬գۼֱϵλãһԼɵľͿֱܻһͳˣһŶĿӣھ޴Ļͷ֮ϡ
ӣǧ̵ĵӣǧ̵Ļ̷лǧ̵ľѧܾĵһ㡣
û˵һϻֱһĻͷʱµĿܻſ򦣬޿пʼа׹
ʿ֪鲻̫ͬʱ˫֣˻ϣԪȫעΨһ֮ϡ
޴İɫ³֣һ֮£˻֮ϣȴʿ֮Ӳĵֵˣһʱɽ֮ơ
άƬʱ䣬ͽϸӻʧˣȴִĹ̫ˡ
ٺһʿŸո¶ϲɫջ˵ڻϵ˫֣һ
ȴЦһͻȻһһͷϵһţȻһ֣һн׵Ļʯ˽ȥ
ţԭϨİ׹⣬ٴö濴һĻʿǣ׾
ֹʽֻҪʯֶοһֱȥ˾õԭȻЭʿһɢ
˺Ժͻһһ֮Ȼᱻƣڻľ޻֮£ɨһա
£ôʱϷǲǵȵ̵ĺʱˣó˰ɣ
ֻһһģǲǱˣȴûһ
һ˵꣬ߵĿǣתָ˲ԶһС
ڡһת֮£СһһλͷҲĹˡ
Ȼ㣡
㵽ǺˣƺԿܻ޵֪һЩӡ
䳹ǣ׺ݵĶλˡ
ôûƢô𱬰
˳Ĭһ󣬺Ȼ˵
ô֪˭ǻĳλˣ
ԷһھͽгԼ֣¶Ծı飬һ֮ɫ
Ȼѱ¶ˣҲãɴһѽͷϵĶ˺Եϣ¶һò׺ݣһͷƶ̷Ĵס
úõĲǧ̵Ļ̷ԶѵΪްصİ벿ܾ𣿡
˶Իľٶ޶ãԲ˵
ٲ˵ݣͱֻĳˣ
Էֱ֮ɫһ䣬æȳ
ѵˣ˭͵͵ܾĵһھ
ԥһº󣬻˵һ䣬ûɫ䣬Ļ
ʦ֡ԣʦȥˣ㾹ϷˣңĳҪ
һ֮Ȼŭ
Ȼ󣬻¶׺֮ɫһ֣ǰǰһԶԶΧסˡ
ʦܻδ˾֮鰡Ϊֺο
ͻȻ¶֮ɫ˵ŽͷϵĲһ¶®ɽĿ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣ʦôϳҲѾ
ʹ˿ڣԲŵٶһ󣬲ſϲһǰץסλʦ֡˫֣ϵ鼤֮
ǺǣʦܣΪֻթѣֻǡʲô
ʦ֡ԭЦ˵ͻȻ䣬һŭ֮ɫĽ˫Ȼ˦ˣֻȴӴϸѪںɫѪͣţȻ涾
ʦֵӲûЩл𣿿ôôСģʦŪأǿʦܴӹƶǧĺ˿ư²ôġⶼҪʦˣȻթͺúõˣαػҪϵʲôɲͼ͵°벿ܾĽܲˣòʦһնݳİϷ
ٺЦ˼䳰ȷ˵


265 ܾ
ͻȻ֮䷭ʦ벻ģɽ֮²٣ʦôҲ뵽ǰһ̻ԼΪ飬ԼĻһֱ̣ӷˡ
ããǶޱĺʦܣ
ʦڿŭ£侲æ˫ַɿһ˹һЩѪ˳ȻͳһɫƿƿӵĻɫҩȫ˫ĿĶŻƷ󺺣˵λò¸ҴݵϢǼٵˡû°벿ܾУһжֻҳһȦװˣֵֻǣص֮ô˵ǣ
ƲĶ׽ɽһеֻͨҪ㹻棬ʲô첻¡
һƲ˵
ţһŤͷһֺɣҶʶһ£Ӣֽӣִʦ֡
СÿɶʦֵĴжˣϧЩһ
ߣʲôʦֻ֣һɥȮѣ
һεεŮһλĴɤ˵ĻﴫȻ󣬲߳Ůˡ
ʦֽһ£λǽе½̷ǡ
ȡЦһʦһɣδ꣬ʦͻȻһļת˫ֲͣһӣһƬŸɫâĺڵ㣬ʹ˳ܡ
Ĺâڵ˸ͣһȫװĿʿСĳΧж֮࣬׳֮
Сˣ˵ĴܾȻ˵ˣʹôĿܣǧҪסɱܵˣֻҪϵĶһͨı£Ҳֻ־ܡ
˵ָ꣬µĿܹȥ
Ů˶һۺҲ˶ٶޣһ빥ȥ
ʱһĿ֮սˣɫĹͣͬʱǰ滹дƬֳʿżͻޣҲڶš
һĴս鿴Ŀɿڴʮ𺳣һǲСӡ
ɣɣ󷨡Ϳ֮ȵȣ֮Ҳɵóɴȴ۵öࡣ
һǱ󷨺ͷ֮ƫһҪ֮壬ʵڲ׵ģ鵹Ҳûר޿֮˼һûġ
ߴȻ죬ֶξǴʹ÷ǷһȺභʮּҡ
֮ģνͬ죬ÿһʿһֱ֧ܴ൱һ֧ˡ
ʹ֮û۷壬ս̫ǿȺս֮УսȴԼǿġ
Ǹֵˡ
սĳ棬˫΢΢һУа롣
ȣʦֱ˻İ㣬˾綾ս֮УһλǻǵĶ֡
һʼʦֵԼȥֵס˵͹һ˵ĿȻڶԷ˵ĺˣ˫Ǵѷ֡
ʱţʦܵľ綾սõһ̶ȵƿʼ𽥲ˡ
ˣʦֻԼסһʱ䣬룬ǧԮĸʮƵİֵ̥ܡ
ʹǿ֮ĩʦ֣ԷԮ֪ﻹҼսȥ
˵ЩһãеĿܣɼ֮һƬ׺
ˣõǧʿһңʦų˰Χݹһ𣬻ΪһâԼٶȣԶȥ
ʦһӣһҲæȥʦʮ֮ʱڱˡ
˭
ʦһȵ
ʦ˾綾شһʵûʣ¶٣ܣлңƾʿľͷˡ
һˣֺ飬һһʦնȥһߡ
һ˸٣ʦȻʶ˲ãзˣʶķɽն֮ʱʦֿѸٷӦ
ԱһʦҪ㿪ϧ˾綾֮־һսһʵѲʣ¶٣ʹҪܣҲôѸ١
͡һɽҽ֮ƣնʦֵϣһնͷ­ͬʱԳǰ
һʦֵµͷʬ֮ԣҵĴȡ£ʶһɨ
ʶһɨ֮£еƷһֻ࣬вʮܣȵļöʯƿҩԼһ۵
٣ǻȴ˿֪ʦָղƴѾĹ˴󲿷ֵĿܣʣ⼸ҲֻδüʹõģһҲ¡
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ֻ˳齫̽˽ȥʶŸһڣֳɫĴܾ֡
̫ˣȻǴܾ
һ˷ܣԼͣڷһʱ䣬ʵڲһŴܾѾΪֵˡ
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˵ܾʮģʶصЧԲڶܣʵ档
⣬ܾȻǧ̵ĻҲǧ̵ĸڣ״нڡ
ԣǧ̽ͽĴֻܾܾĵһ򻯰棬޺ȫɺԶܾһ
Ĵֻܾǧеĸ߲ſõ


266 ع
ǧ֮УĴܾκͼ𣬿Կһǧ̵ӵݺ͵λһǧ̵ӣֻ򻯰Ĵܾĵһ㣬λٸһģſܾǰ㡣
ǧ̵Ļ̷һģܾĵ㣬ԺĴֻܾнͼ̳н֮λ˲ʸ
λʦ֡Ϊǧǰν֮ӣܵǧ̷֮ʱνȥȫĴܾʦ֡ΪĶӣ֪ܾǰĲ㹦
֪ʦܾ֡ǰĲ㹦ЯŸֱӳ֣һһ׼ȻŪ˴ܾϰ벿
ڴܾĹ֮󣬺澹ֳһС⡱ľģصƸ׿޺Ϳ˵ķţһǳ꾡Ŀȫ
һ⡱Ҳһݴ˲⡱ȫѧĿ֮
Ѻˣʦɱģ
鵢һʱ䣬ǧ̵һʿѾ׷˹վʦ֡ͷʬ嵹һԣ˫΢΢һУʵ
ʦ֡ȻȽϱȻŲŵˣһҵ³Ϊˣӡ
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Ĳûɫ΢䣬дŭɭȻ˵ʲôʲô˼
ȻЦȻ˼ôĶ˲ɡ
һ١ٶ裬ٺõƢҲҪŭˣοҲʲô⡣
ȥɣ
һȣһĿ¾޻ܵĻͷڻ֮УһŰɫĹžۼ
ɫĹһ۶ֻһɫâһ顣
԰ɫâĻɵһһۼɫâҪϡ
һǧ̵ʿķӦ֮϶¶˼Ц⣬ΪûоսĲ񣬼ܵĹѾɵˡ
ɫâһ֮ʱΣһ±öˣˮһ㣬΢΢ˡ
ֱ֣õûǧ̵ʿһʶ˲ԣٶȥξȻ
۳ɵһΣڰɫâһ֮£һ±ɢˣɢȥˣʧ֮䡣
һǧ̵ʿĿɢȥһʱ䣬㿴ңҿ㣬ȫɵۡ

ռ䣬һű֮УһâһΣֶһ֣ͱֵһ˼ߵ͡
ɴͶӰһУջ㲻С࣬ʱ䣬Ϊһߡ
ռ֮Уߵʵ֣һµı׼׼Ŀǰֻһ֪ߣȻһ֪
ߣĿǰдת˵磬дһףԣ߸ýӴߵĲΡ
֮ͲͬˣߵʵǿͳһĻ֣һ㶼𵤡ԪӤ񡢷顢塢ɽ١˺͵ɡ
Ȼͬ磬ʵĻҲͬģÿһ㾳磬һݣ޿ɺǵġ
ߣһףʵ͵һΣߵĺ죬ϴʵΡ
߲εĻֱȽϸǽʵĲΣͬһȼ֮У쾳磬൱ںڣ쾳磬൱ڡ
ߺߣͬ;ʵĶԱȣֻһµıȽϣһһӦġ
˵һĽչʿУɱ֮⣬һʵ
Ϊ˲٣黹õ˲ٵķҲŪһЩΪҪǣǵõƿ
ƿһǱһ֮ҪǿıΪֻ֮Ʋͬˣ磬Խ鱦
鱦س֮ʱŻᵮıκ磬ֱﶼʮġ
Ȼͬ磬鱦ʵǿҲͬе磬鱦ʮϡ٣ּΪǿ󣬶е磬鱦ڶ࣬ȻҲ˱
ô˵ƿϺõıһǣȻʮˣƿ飬Էӳƿ
һεķ֮ãνջڶ࣬ʱӦòٻص֮ˣʹȥҲҪ޳ɽ˵
Ϊ𵤣Ϲεʵ̫Σˣһֱչ̫û˼һЩɲҪΪֻսʿ
ڷ֮У̫ҲҪʮʱ䣬ĻҲ̲˶ʱ䡣
еͲͬˣԿٽᵤʮ֮ڽᵤʲô⣬һΣ׼ȥ硣
Сһ£ȫ򿪣Ҫʱ䡣
˼һЩ⣬ʵ
񣬿ռȫӴʵΣѾȡ˳ЧǰȥķһЩʾ֮ٹĸʱ䣬ȫ濪硣

ʵԸ𣿡
Ѿٶˣٿˡ
Ǻã㾡ɡ֮ͨռķΧǲǽչģ
Ȼʲôæʵ


267 һ
аʱ䣬ռַΧȻչġ
Ļش֤ʵĲ롣
ռķչٶȾԲģŽµʱ䣬ռѾ˻ĵһС룬аʱ䣬Կĵġ
ʵռķչٶȻԸһЩֻǣڴͨһ棬Ƚʱ䣬Ҫһʱ䡣
ʵ˻֮ռչҪչɣʱǲҪͨ硣
ռǵģҳıħʿ磬Ӧߡ
ҲУʱѹһ꣬ȥ磬һ֮󣬲ſԿħȵ硣
õϵ˶ΪռߣȻһҰǻԴģѹһЩĵжԹҵʵһ¡
ȻƲһ࣬ʱҵ۶ԣʮģֵ˴ʱڣλǡ
һЩңǻԱߵĴչҲ׼ѹһѹԲǷչʱֻݺݵҧһڡ
õģû⡣
ʹĴӦ
ȻռѸٷչкôȻ޲һǧҪȴҲûа취ܾ

ռ֮йӦøɵʲôʱȴ洫ŵʮᡣ
Էûа壬ǶӦֱȭͷţˡһĴ졣
ҺãǴڼ䣬ûʲôˣôĶ˳Ͷˡ
һ䷿ݣڵһ¥㣬µ¥㣬ǳķݣһ˴ڣЩⷿӵˣȻȫؼˡ
һڴ򹤣һ꣬ǵλӰ࣬һû˻ԣھӣ϶ˡ
߹һüͷ΢΢һ壬һЩŭ⣬һ̤һ֮£Ѿ˿
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ţվŵˣüͷ΢΢һ塣
㣬ʱ򣬲ȥ𡣡
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Сô˵أ㸸ô˵
ٸϼһ˿ӲЦ⣬˵
ˣ˶һң˶ҲĻٸȻĺĸˡ
ĺĸҲƴϵĸףһĻˣΪʮᡣ
ʱ˵ǿţû˺仰⣬Ի᲻ںϵãΪø
һˣԴȻãҲǼסһʱ䣬ȴܵƴϵĲ۸һŭ֮£ٲԸ
˶ƴˣ˵˭ĻλıȻ˶βƴϡ
Ŀһɨ鵭ĵҺô˵ֹʲô£Ҫ졣
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˶һ󣬻¸ģʹڣ˶Ѿ죬δҪ̫ȻԸ
˶Ȼȴӣֱһ˦ƣһӰžһ
һ֮ϣһӡû뵽龹Ҷ֣һʱ
ɵɵĿ飬סˣû뵽龹Ҷ֣ڴƬ֮һӱˡ
һ˵۹ݴģǼ˵䱦޸˶ԺҲûʲô˶һֱʮ̡
һʮְӣЩĽ֮£Խˣܹ
һƣԾţ˶Ҳһ£벻龹˴󵨡
ס֣
ֵʱƴѾˣҪȴˣٶ̫ˡ
һ䶨ƴϵɫΪѿƽƴϺҲ̫ԸΥһЩ뷨⣬Ͼĸվġ
ûеһƣƴϵɫ΢΢ûٳֵ˼һ˫Ŀȴֱ飬ٴγ֡
һƣһƬ徻ȴֻʱģӦ˹չֳøķ緶
㡭㾹Ҷң֣Ҵ㣬ҡ
˫һ΢΢죬һͷŭĸţ˺
ʲôѧϵΪǷ켫һ;Ҳһͨ˿Աġ
΢΢һ֮£ȻһߵǽײȥһײʵˣԻһѵ
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ȻҲǵûж֣򣬼ʹһϵҲġ


268 ʹ
Сģ
Σһߵǽײȥ˶ˢһ°ˣо֮£æѡ
֪ʱԼΪģȻ̲סѣϣеá
˶δûв걻ѹһŮӵ棬˶ҶԣֻΪٻ
Խˣ˶ѹֵĲԽģ֮ʱ˶ȴּˡ
ԸôβףĳΪģ˶ۣԣ˶治ϣ¡
⣬һˣ˶Ǳߣʵڲýģ㲻ãԼľ棬һɨյġ
˶ľ֮УƴϵͬʱжһԾ𣬴һƬӰӣһ׷
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ƴϳ˵
һۣɫһЩģʹԸٲ˸ղŵһĻҲЩηġ
ǣ˳ˮ۵ĴӦ˽ƴϣ˵ƴϣȥҳһúýѵһ١
ƴϺεĵ֪ˣ裬ˡ
ߵǰƴϳ˵磬ոյΪ˰ɡ
ĶƴϣҲãǰܵһУʲô
ԣƴϵɫ΢΢һ䣬֪Լĸףǰȷʵ鲻̫ãһЩԹǺġ
磬νԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬοһˣԩңԣȥ飬ȥɡ
ƴŬȰ˵
ͷãȥľȥ
⻰һ˵ƴϵһϲ˶ϣ¶ϲɫΨɫ̫ÿҪŭȴȥ
ȻȥӦùȥôǶǹȥˣԺ󣬾ͲҪˣһ徲
һ֣˵
ϲ¶ϲɫ˲ƴü磬㻹ǲϷ£
££СʱܵĿ࣬ô׾ͿԽҹǵޣһ仰ˣҲ̫ˡ
к޺޵롣
һ֣鲻Ըٶ˵ֻǳˣϻ˵߰ɣҪϢˡ
˶һ֮Թƴ𵽵ãǲٵģ޷ùϵռ֮ܵһչˡ
һʵϣƴϿжϳˣռ֮Уһֺ绽Ĵڡ
ռ֮УһЩʸ񣬶ܹΪһеĴڣƴҲռˣЩмʮĽ޲֮
ƾԼŬܲܳͷһδ֪ģԵõЯɿһġ
ž޴ϣȴûʵ֣Ҫˣƴģæ磬ôô˵ǶһˣͲܻɸΪ񲯣úõһ𣿡

вͣ³һ֡
Сӣƴ϶ôˣ㻹ôҸ㣬֪ô
ڣͲסˣ˲ٴָƿڴˡ
һ١ٶƣʹ鲻Ը֣ʱҲʮַŭԸôˡ

˫֮УðڵɱĲˣһѵ
һǰ̤ٶȳ֣ȴһƣһµǰ磬ʲôĻҾԲġ
ЦǺãҵҪһ£һʱʲô
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ãҲһ´ĸУĲ໹жԶ
Ŀһƴϵصһ˲ӡ
һȭƴϵһȭǸҰԵȻֱĳһӭȥڡ顱һ֮Уȭƽ浽һ
˳ȭ߳ƣĪһ֪ǽϻܵļһƣľ磬Ȼ˶淿ŵĴ
˶ƴϲ̫Զ⾢һ֮£һʱȻλһΣԭͣæźȥ
ȭƽ浽һһƣĪģһӡ£ƴϹȻУˡ

ĿһۣƴϵһŶٴγ
֪Ĺʮָǿƴû뵽ǣȻôԼŬôãѵӲ¶Էһ
ƴвǣٴγҪսʹʤҲҪһӡ
һȭʩչȭʮָǿһȭһʮְԵ赽˼֮ʱһȭӰӡ
ֻһֻ֣ƴϽ˼УӲ˼֮һƣƴϵȭͷϡ
ħȭȻȴҵ
һƴϵȭͷ֮ʱ˵һ䣬ͬʱƴϵĽŲˡ
˫ȵվڵ֮ϣڳһ֮ƴһ½ȳһݣһæ̧ţĺˡ
߲¥ߵһ治ĵ棬ý̾ͶɵģγܵһƵ
⣬ƴ϶ƿأҲûеԪתĵزжӳϵǣ¥ˡ


269 
磬ˣҲĶ֣ˡ
һܣƴ֪ԼĶ֣æͣٴȥҲȡѡ
ƴϵĽ֣ľ˶ֱɵˣԼ۾ˡ
ƴչֳģС˵еĹֻǣʵ֮У书Ǵڵ
˶ʣ𣬺̫һ֮УûмĻˡ
˶ΪȵģԼӣӵ֣ϵһСˣԼĶӰǵֲԼȻûп
ʱ˶ɷʡԼӦöӸӹһЩֻǣĿһЦ֮ɫƴϣ˶ɣǻԼĹذ
ǾˣƴչֳģвһЩ֮⡣
龹ȻôԼŴơ۸ҺãûкԼһʶɣԼѾһʬˡ
˶е뷨Σһ˲ֳʵˣɽӣڵ̬һʧˡ
ȻˣǺã뿪УĵٻģǱҪ⡣
Ŀһɨ˶ˣ顰顱һţһ仰
Žյţƴϵɫ΢һЩһ˲Щͷɥһȥһڵ֣裬߰ɡ
Сƶ˵ˣСӣСӣǲ֪˰ɣСӾͲǸ
һЩ⣬뿪ʧˣٴλָøһԸ
һȥڵɮһͣ飬޷˵飬øӡ
裬˵ˣҷء
ĿûдﵽԼŭ⣬ƴϵ鱾ͲãڶߡߴߴͬڣƴϺǳ
ƴϵͻȻһһ´סˣǲţԼĹԶ
棬ƴϾԿӵܵģ¸ɵò٣ƴϾһԱ
˶һˣ󲿷ֵľԼҵϣԼҵʮֿأʵǼΪǮ
ΪǮ˶ԼĽᷢӣͶĻڼ˶ȻҲµģһдȨ
ƴΪһ竣Ҫ֧ŵģΪһϸӵܣûǮûȨǲеġ
ǰǰƴһֱܹɣȡ֧֣漴ʹˣҲæ㶨
ϰƴǰֹԱ󣬽գƴһ¶һĿƴϣԼĶӡ
㡭Сƶ㡭
ãŻعȴȻţƴϸԼ˵
üͷ΢壬ɫЩĿĹâƴϿȵ裬֪֪ղŵΪ޴ƴ磬һŭҸס㲻ãͰֵᶪ˵ġ
΢΢һü˶ƴϣʲô˼ʹ˼֮飬ѵɱ˲ɡ
ƴһѵһ˷ִ磬һʱ֪Ǻõ˶˵ǿԮһ㣬æԣСɱ˲ɣб£ɱ߱ĸ
Ľƴϵɫһڣ˿Կƴϵüͷ֮ϣһ֡
Ŀһɨ˶õö˸оƴϵУйâһһ㣬˵Ĵۡ
֣裬Ǳ˵֪ʲô֪ǵǸ֪ɱѪǸ磬еٮٮߣҪǿ˲٣ɱʲôʹɱѪɺӣҲǲܵġ
ƴɭȻ˵
ʲôôܣ
СƶǺ˵İɡ
ƴһɭɭĻ˶´󾪣ֱŵġ
ڻĹƶȾޱϸģڷĴȲСɱ飬˵ûУȴҲû˸ȥġ
ƴϵĻ֮У֮£һ磬һѪȺɱ¾磬ɱ֮鲢ټ
ƴɫ֣صĵΪҪƭǣûбҪΪǣҪ֪ôŭ˴磬ҲŲ˵Ŷء
һƴϷߣǡõݿˣһΣ㼴˳ȥ
˶һۣæ׷˳ȥ˶к棬Ǹ絽ʲôһ磬Щˡ
˶һ䣬̫˼ˣ棬ȴʮרĵģһ£ȻȫԸһд۵ġ
ǰ׬Ǯ˶׷ҪƷʵҪܺһЩʶƴϵĽ֮һ뷨
֪ĸɱˣɱ˲֮˾µĸоᱨʲôʱԼꡱˡ
һ˲䣬Ҫͷһת֮£ȥû
ڲ֪ϸ֮£ִٱһΪŭԷ
ңƴҲǸˣҲ°ƴǣ棬֮£Ųұ
Ȼֺܱ齫ıֻȥƴˣԼĶӻԻסԼ
С׷ƴϣ˶æʵƴϣ˵Ǹ磬ô£Ժ˵˵ˣһЩӦԵֶΡ


270 ʶ
лḶ̌ͨڵʺͷ࣬۹ڹ⣬ˣֻڵҪ΢һЩˡ
ʮ꣬ǻĹĿٷչʱڣлĽ̼ӿ࣬ڵһЩһ߳У˿ǧ֮ࡣ
ԽǴУʩҲԽãǻĵĶǣһЩдĳж֮⣬ǵʩǲġ
ÿһҹ֮УǵƻԻ͵ģǧ򻧵ĵƻ𣬽ҫһƬ
Ĺ֮УũҹԿǳ֮⣬Ҳһˣֻɼĵƻ
סڳ֮еˣ֪ûмǵˣʹҹգҲֻɿһƬƹȾ˵գһ㵭Ĺâ֮С
־ڳȴһˣھǵĽȻ羰»һƬأܱһЩɽҰ֮أȻࡣ
ҹľǽ֮ʱֻҪ̧ͷԿǶô貺Ե˳Ⱦӡ
ʱҹˣʹûеҹʱ֣ѾûʲôˣһӰȴڽжܻԵЩ졣
ǽðӦðᵽ
ҹ֮Ӱ
ӰߵһƬǹ֮£ԿǺӰ飬ȴ֪Ϊڽҹ֮ʱǰǵĽ⡣
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ھ֮У֯һǧ˵Ĵǣڳʲô徻ĵطֻгĽſġ
ҹҲû£񣬳Ϊǿ߼ʿ֮ľʮʢʹ첻ϢҲûʲôġ
ˣ鲻ȥѹ֣ʵԽǿԽԽԣԽԽѹԼˡ
Ȼѹֵʱ򣬸СĽĵطӦѹһµģʮǿͶӰ磬϶Ҫ΢ѹһµġ
뵽ͶӾ֮ǰ⣬Ҳкüʮ·򳵶ҪһСʱģе˼ʹҹе£Ҳûͷġ
ȴͬˣʵ֮ǿѾˣʮ·̵̣ܶʱͿԵġ
ɴҹУѰһסĻ֮⣬ΪŽһ飬ھǵĽߣҹʱһָо
ھ֮Уٶȷɿ죬貨΢ʩչ˼µģֻ˺ٵʱ䣬뿪˽
˽ĽŲһߣһĴۿҲ֪ҹܹʲô
飡
飡
Ĳɵ֮ʱͻȻ죬һʯһҵ˵ϣĳ֮
һˣʲôоȴͬʮУˣڽ֡
ʶ˲ԣæ˹ȥ˽ǰֵֽĲԽǿˣ֪սĵطԶˣӴȡһŷһ¼ˡ
һ磬˴ȵʵ֮⣬ҲܺõĹߣһЩͷȵȡ
˴жǰǷ࣬ʲôֻҪǻһӣܺˡ
ڷУѼǱз֮ķɴ˿֪һ̵˼
һŵͽǰǱжȥһСɽ֮£һƬֵԱ֮ʱڼ
ЩԶʱֻһ˼ʹĿʮֲôԶҪս˫ˣȴ̫ܡ
ʹûһ˿âҹҲδؿ죬϶Ҫ΢һЩġ
뿿һЩ֮ʱһϳ˽սеˣһһǾγһռ֮ˡ
һڽռ䣬Щӣ羭ʵﵽһʲô硣
٣ĿȥѾ㹻ˣ֮ʱһһʽǿ֧š
Ϊʹ֮еԭаϵۡؤģνһһĸˡ
һߣγһΧγʵҲԲһҲ̫ģˮƯǧҪǿ
֣ʹõһŵ˵ʮְԵһһʽһѧ
֪ܲһŵ֣ӵ̺һЩ⾳ãɵĵ
γʹǽҲһɱɱȻڽ뽣֮䣬ν֮Ķࡣ
γֵ꣬书ûôûˣһʹĵʮֹ죬Ӳ˼ĽǶնҲһЩ鷳
ŵֻһۣϳˣǾ֮УѪʹһѪʽʮֹ죬ҲΪС
˫ʮּңһȴ·磬ԲʱһУƵþγһæҡ
书䲻ҲԳƵǶˣ൱𴦻ȴԶˡ
ֵĹ֮У˿νǴƣǾγĴ˾֧Ų˼еġ
˵ĴڣҲȫ׸ǰ˾γһЩģ򣬵ƾγһˣԲĶ֡
ڵļˣҲйע˵һξ˵־֮⣬һˣվа˻ˡ


271 
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һȻ·磬ɿǵˣһն£зͻ֮С
ã˲ãŵ˽⣬ȷʵ֮λվͬһϣδؿʤ
а̾
ò˵ʲѧҲкܺõ⣬ſռ֮Уֻ磬ĳɾ͡
ʵһռߣֻҪܹģõ˲ĳɾͣ羭γȻ΢һЩȴҲδز˶١
һ£֮ͨ󣬾γ˶֪һУǣη׷ȥ
γһ˿һڣλһ£ֵγαͱˣƾˣκβңʹ˰ְɡ
γһеĳֱָȥкȵǰǲܵģ㷸¾£ӹҹɷɡ
ߣ㴿Ƕ£ɱ˼˰ˣʲôţĵӦò٣ôȥˣҡ
һɫƵʵ
γĵ㷸ÿɲС£Ǿ£ֱ֣ǹ֣ץ鰸ֵڡΪһԳ֣ӦǣһߣǲֵģֻĵһߣʵˣҲŻֵġ
вγҪˣǲҪҵΪһ͵ҡգڳκβ㣬ҵ䵥ʱ򣬻ھ֮УһŹġ
鲻̫ռоı仯һ߸ƾ£Ƚռ֮еߣȻռݵһЩƵġ
һռеİߣķչãΪռеһԣ֮вµģڵһԺߡ
ʹǵһΪߵİˣҲֻ˿һϳ̣ˣҲмɵġ
ˣʵ֮УĶҲСһµʱ䣬ѾĴȨֶǲġ
ҲвٷͼѾ˰ţһ֮ʱЩ˲֪Լ׼ǲ㣬ԶԶ㡣
ڶȨĹ֮Уֱһ֮߸Ȩṹں̵ܶʱ֮ڣ˰λá
ȻҲ֮ǰ߾֮λйصģѹڵһз֮漴еѸٽӹ
Ϊİ֮㣬ȻֲһߵĿ꣬ǽһȨΪĻʵۡ
Ĵ뷨Ҳȫǿ룬ʵȻǿˣټ̽ļʵﵽһĸߵĵز
ʲôطǻĵ׶Ĺģ޶һڣһֻ۱һִֻۣģţǲġ
ȡжҪѹʱȻȻ֣ɱ˻ĵԱ;н죬ߵĵùﵽ
ĹԱڻѾǸ߹ˣټ޼ɵж˹֣һ֮̽󣬾γˡ
ҵǿ󣬾γڲİռе֮ȻԳ򣬱˸Ķ֡
вþγЦҲ̫ˣͬΪ֮һһ𣬶ңֵ󲻵ģҺԣǱɡ
ʱԵʹѪ˵֮һǾֳ֮ͬһĵλ㣬ټϹвĸ֣ˡ
˫ĿƵ磬廰꣬ɭȻĸУ˵ķ𣿡
㡭
ŭ뷴༥һɱ˫ۣҷˡ
Ǿռ֮󣬹۳ģռУߣϲ¡
γʱαһ󱲳磬㻹µĻٴ
㲻ɡ
̸£֪ĲˣǿӲȴ˼֡
ʵԼ»ʵ۵Ŀ֮ʱãԼǱȽϿƵģȻ˲ȷѪ꣬ȴûֵ̫󣬶ڰнеġ
ڹҵǿ˽һģҲǵùȫ룬ջǳ˹֡
ԼֱȽзִ磬ȴ룬ΪѾ˻ĵȨߵˣȻ̵ġ
ٴ뾭γսһ𣬿ƴüңʵУѾıˡ
мɲγˣԸĥȥӾγ˳ص̬ɣγһԮ
书ȻʮˣΪԼľ޵ˣʵ֮УԼвٵġ
γľٶǵȴԮԮռиߣǿԼ˵ɲһϢġ
ţæУγһˣһתһһ㣬һȥ
ߣ
γһȣæ׷ȥ
ֻǣ𲽣γṦֲǿҪ׷ϣȴҲô׵ġ
ҪѣһԿֵ飬һվ׼֣С
ռ֮еߣǱҪǲԸɱֵģҲԼµǣֱָܲӡ


272 һ
Ϊ񣬼ʹʷʵһ񣬵ռƿأȾԲ
ľռ֮еߣ鲻ֱƣͨȫԼָߡ
ԣռ֮еÿһߣ˵ԴɳߣʮõԴ
Ȼ鲻ĺ֮ˣ˴ԼĵߣսԼƶ׼һġ
ͨγĽ̸óΪʵԼҰģ˶ɱԱ̡졢ͨ˵ȵȣܵǣ˵ľԴﵽһٶˡ
ΪѾʮֹˣԼĲڳ֮սĽԼҪԼÿԲܷŹ
վ𣬲Ҫ֣ͻȻ²ֹȻγк֣ҳˡ
ۼνҪ룬û˺ڰ֮УǰͻȻһӰٳײһƬâҹ֮Ŷ
·ͨ
һƬâһƬ⣬ʮʹ۵һƬ⣬ǰ·ȫˡ
һǰ֮ϣݺᣬһ֮ʱҽǣνˡ
ϡһ뽣ײһ𣬵һɾˣ˵ϵĳҶڿдת
һν֣ǰߵΣһֹסˣǵӰȴ˼
񣡡
źڰеǸӰһһٵĵ
ǸӰ˳¶Щ΢ǹ֮£ǵһռ߷ܣҲɳˡ
ܽռʱֻһµĴѧ¹ȥһ֣ȴ֪ô;γ쵽һ
ͷǷ񡣡
΢΢һ࣬󷽣γȻɫ࣬ĵҵû뵽㾹Ȼ£˽򡣡
γ£˷ֵܣǷֵϵһʱӦˡ
ᾭγĿ⿴˷ܣΪ֮һǿɶǿռǿߣôȥ͢ӥȮ
ܵԸ͢ӥȮǻĵԣûг׸࣬ǼУΪעһµĻ»ߣΪ֮ˣӦ֪ԽԽĵ϶Ҫģðܹҵ
⣬˵ǿռߵǿߣȴΪȻˣ֮ϣһۣһ֮Уһ۲ǿġ
һмĵƨһۣѪǼһ˵ѾˣʹûҲԶԶˣΪβҳǰ
ü˵˵Ϊǵ·ˣȻǶܹȡĳɾͣ۱ȻģԶġ
һû뵽ǣռ֮УȻУԼܳʱûвκ֮ˣ룬Ȼһ۵ͷ
ѵǸ粻ڽŸĴ˵
а
˵ҺǵĲͬһȥƣһֱָţǣǳΪ˳͢ӥȮҲͬһУ׳־ҪһԼĵ»ʳ
¶֮ɫĿһеӣγͷܿУԼȶ˵ľҪߡ
γʲô׳־˽ҰİˣΪһ˽ڹȷѪ꣬ǾԲ
ǵͷͬͬΪı
˵ͨˣֻһսˡ
һеıһɨ֮£򷽿ܵͷն䡣
ĿǰĵһҪ񣬱ߣȻҪ·ӣȻǴһ֣γܻҪ΢һЩġ
ĽȴһҲģеĳһ๥һ䡣
ܵΪԴﵽ˲ĵز֮֮ʱÿһǲġ
ÿһն֮Ľֹ֮ʱ籩һ㡣
һžŽһ𣬳һ˳֮ϣõһնüѡ
һԿܵʵȷʵһЩȴδô
˵ʵԭ֮еĶаǣγʵֻһߣС
ܱȴһģˮƯǧʵ࣬ܿԽסʮУԻܵġ
γͷκһˣĶ֣ɣ֣һս֮ʱѹ·硣
һ֣ʵȫʩչ֮ʱʵ֮ǿνˣʹľеһǰͬǶ֡
˼һʱ䣬սļҳ̶ֱﵽһ˼ĵزõùֵС꣬ʵԲֵġ
һԹ֮ʱ˵ľҽ֣Ŀѣԣʶѧֵ
̫ǿˣ򣬹ȻǼٵģһʵֵزѾȫǹӵ˰ɡ
һģǣʱҲԱܿӵˣǿߣȫԽסӵˡ
֪ʲôʱǲſ̶ֳȣӵʵ
ӦûܿģǴʲôǣӵôǿʵһ¶ѣֻҪپȫԴﵽʵ
ǵʵĳ̶ȣֳǵʵ»ᵽһǿĵز



273 Ѩ
ʱռеľ磬ûʱģڷɴͶӰдʱ䣬µʱ䣬㹻߾üˡ
ˣʹγԶΪҲпԭΪʵ
ʵǿһ֣УǾγͷ֣ȻҲɵ¡
ٲ飬ÿһžγͷܵҪȥеĵ⣬
γͷȴҲʾ·һ㣬޼Ѱޱȡ
Ƭ̣κβþγͷܣ°żȥĻ£Ҫˡ
Ѩ
һͻȻһλεĽɫ룬ֱԴһ塣
һѽ룬а˾ŸȫԴϣһһʹҹλεĽζ֮䣬Ҳ˵Ľ⡣
ЩһԴϣ˸ǿսеĳ趯֮䣬Хķˡ
սһھγͷ֮ܵ£·һ·Ϊˣһ󵶣ƾǧѹŴ
Ѩһִ̼Ǳķʹַʹߵʵõһ˲䱬ǿս
Ѩַħ󷨣ִֻ̼ȣħ󷨣սࡣ
һʤһһһžγͷնȥ֮Уâ
ãƴˣλֳ·磬Ǻá
Ȼħ֮ѧؿɲˣλֳΣհɡ
ʹΣҲû취ǵʵԲֹģսԣֻˡ

Թ۵꣬ʮֵǣȴҲûʲô취һĽֲΣǿԲֵģԣֻһԸż
γͬΪ˵Ϊʵ࣬ȻһЩ࣬ͬһεġ
һһ֣ԸһúģûϵǣонѨַ
Ѩһʵ˱ѹγͷܣö˸о˼ǿѹ
ҺãҲ֮ӵλᶨ־ڴ·֮£ûԱ
ң˶ֽ֪Ѩ̼Ǳķע˳ʱ䲻̫ԣֻҪһʱ䣬õýѨʱȥʵͻָ
ԣǻָô򵥣ڽѨʱȥ֮ʵһ»Ϊ˵ġ
Ϊ֪һ㣬γͷܲһֱֵģֻǣҪŹʵ󱬷һʱ䣬ȴҲ׵ġ
Ѩ֮߰ʮ֮ʩչĵǿᵽ˼
γͷܶˣȫ˵֮Ум֮ʱоÿһޱȡ
ܵѨӰ죬ʵõ˼ԭʵıǿʵвȫԦ
ڱ֮ʱϯԲ֮ڵĳܵӰ죬һγͷ֮ܶܶĵ䵽˵ϡ
һնĵ֮ϣγһĹ֣֮£ʯɽ
飡
ƴӲƴһǣһ˾γǰһ壬˷ܵǰһĳ
һնԶȴûж㣬ӭȥҪһƽ
һƴ˷ܵϣһƻɣγһߣԶ׷ɶȥ
ڶ˽뽻ֵһ̣䰤һƣȴҲûнģһնܱҸ£ܵķӦ㹻Ѹ٣һֱ֮ۡ
Ǻˣ֪ܵʱ䣬һѨʱȥȻ䵽ֵ
ԣ뵽˻˵ķʽ˷ܵһĽ˱˷һơ
һƣȫΪѨ֮ǿ˷ܵϡ
ʹܵʵѾˣһƣҲΪܵģѪεڵ֮ʱö
ԼһƣΣʮܼʹһʱˣҲ뻹ս֮ǣڳеרŶԸγ
һʱ䣬;γ˲ٴΣ˫ʵΣ˵ǼΪϤģҪϤ
ôһ仰˽ˣĵˣԾγϤѾ˹
γʵԲһߵģʱ˽Ѩ֮ʵγԽǶˣνǽڽڰˡ
ϤγÿһСÿһʽĳ֣ἫΪԣһնǾγ֮е֮㡣
ʵǵγȴûôϤľУѾʹˣסĵ
ԽԵγƵǱжΪѵģһԶۣȴֻܸżˡ
ʹܣһ֮ҲֻˣҪæҲǲܵġ
飡
һնưңγѡֻ֮Ӳһһ֮ʱһǿ籩ϯ
һһ㣬֮һɶκζ˿Уʹ;γɷ֮УЩβȡ
͵һ¶˾γƣֻǻһΣ㼴վγȴĵĺˣһֱ˳ġ岽֮Զ


274 
ͬΪ֮һγʵҪһߵģʹ˽ѨǱ֮Ǳࡣ
֪Уγȴûʹʲôֶ֪ûд˵ȼǱķǲԸʹá
ֶʮУγĴԽѣȴδóЧֶǣˡ
ĸóˡ
аһ£ˡ
һԾնһֻһ㣬;γս֮Ծȥֱ˵ġ
;γս棬ನνǿޱȵģʵ΢һߣ׿
ʲô
;γսĵ֮£γڽڰˣн֮ʱȴһӰ뵽˶˵Ľս֮С
;γü֮ʱǷܣҲײУ˾Ȼֱȥ֪Ǹĺʵ
ֵ꣬һǴ󾪵ģһǳԾǱǳԾ˵Ĵ󵨣Ҳ˫֮ս
ǵУ˫֮սս֮⣬ʸûУ˵ֱ˵ս֮ˡ
𾪵Ŀ֮УһԾ𣬴ֱ˫սȦУʱڳγڳ
˶֮ʱ˫ֱַֿ֣֮һָಡεָ
ǿһָ˳뱦֮ϣ𾪺ǣ;γеĵȥ
һָ֮ǰһ壬һ˹ȥɫ΢΢һ䣬֮䣬Ҳæһӭ
վǾߣʵѾһľ磬ĳ֣Ȼ֮⣬еֲķӦȴ㹻Ѹ١
顱һһƣӡһƣ˫ƽ֮ʱſݡ
ۼȫ֮ӭһƣһƣɣ֮뺧Ȼ֮ɫ
㣡
飬ˣеʮ⡣
Ȼʮ𾪺⣬ĳȴû˿ΪļɵĵҪ顣
ҡ
Ӧһ䣬ӿ籡һƾܲȫ֣ȴҲʹ˰˳Եֵġ
ǰܵȫƵϣֻε𣬺һƤһԶ
⡭ôܡ
ܵģⲻܣ
˭ôô
һƽķɣγֱֵܺԼ۾ԼĶʵġ
ͷɲǰģһһδģռ֮Уʵ֮У֮׹ġ
ڣȴһһķʹ˽ѨǱ֮֮ǿֱţǵļʶ֮⡣
ɵɵؿıӰγͷܶǴſ죬һ𾪵ı飬ǣγڻ֮¶һ˿֮ɫüе˼ı顣
ĪǣѪɡ
аԲ²⣬ȴû˵
θ߸𣬡顱һҵ˵֮ʱĿУһѪ
һѪòײֹסѪ£æһ֮£Զȥȥ
ߣ
һȣ䲻ȴһֳֻצΣҪǰһץһֹ¡
֮ʱȻо϶һɼǿһֹǰźȥ
֣
γһ
һŸ书ҪĹſʩչ˲֮еǷ壬ʹ֡
ʹõһ֣֣޷ǽǿһƾǿ߶ԲһЧ
һأȴҲܵǿҵֿգ뵽֮ʱҲܴˡ
ϧҲ֣򣬶Ȼһס
аһϧĽŲǰһ̤һ֮£㵽ǰһָ
һ֮£Ҫȴһָ֮£ڽһָϡ
һָһָĵѨַѨʮָһָ㲻ܶ黹ģֲ˼¡
֣סˣ̶ʱ֮ڣγͷܶδطӦˡ
ס˽Ǵ󾪣֪Ǻ˳֣ͨʹܣҲҿ϶
̨ˣǺʲôԹ
˼һγǰһ鱧ȭʵ
γԭ˾еĹԱȴǹֵģΪռ䣬õǿʵ֮УƴҪŽڽڸ
ˣΪγڰ참һϵй֮Уչ¶ǿʵԣֽ˽ȥֱӸһֳλá
λߵĹԱǾֳѣ൱ڲڻ֮ڣǷ⽮һġ
γֳҲСˣ൱ڸĹԱ׵ǻĸ߹٣˵ʵȨֳˡ
ֵ񣬱ǲĹڵĲأղһ˲䣬ֳʵ̫ǿˣƿ֮Уγһǳ飬ճ
ԣܾȽΣգγ¸ҵǰȥ
عϣ㲻ʶ𣿡
ת΢΢һЦĵ
㣬䡭ۡ
ݣγһĳԾȻĸ


275 
һ̤ռ龰ȻĿ齣¼ľҲ·Ȼǰǿӡĵס
ʱΪڿֵһᣬԶԶԼĶ֣޵е̬Ȼӡ˾γĵס
ǸôʱȥˣѪΪʵδǿԼȴһָоʱ䣬ԷҲɳˣøǿˡ
Ȼٴμ֮ʱʵԶԶԼ󣬾ȻһƻʵѾԶԶԼˡ
䡭磬㡣
γ𾪣˷ܵľȣϹһ֮ʱͬһ
ڳΪǿ֮󣬷ܲûռ֮ϵ飬ȴһֱûϵϣȴĪˣβȡ
γ΢ɵܵûô࣬˵֮ʱȽ׽һЩ
磬ôͻȻˣһֱҪ㣬ȴŶ롣
æ˵
ұҹ羰ģд򶷣û뵽ǡ
磬ˣԽ֮£죬֣Ҵ֣ʾл
鹰֣γ΢΢һЦ˵ˣ磬ҵıγǹҰȫֵĸֳ
֪ղ˵Ҷˡ
γĿһ磬磬ȥǹΣҲǱʾһ¸л
Ҳá
˾γһۣӦ

뾩ԶһһȽƫƧĵطȽϻ˵˼ȴҲԲûܡ
һƬɽأԿһ֪Сɽϡϡľ
ûд䣬ʱȴһʮͨ͵͵ʻ
ﱾӦû̵ĵطȴһСĴڣʻӣ棬Կεڼʲô
ֳˣӦòͨ˰ɣĪǣҲǹֵˡ
ɨһһζĴγʵ
γ磬㲻ýҾְֳλʲôģǰֻЦ㻹ֱӽҵְɡ
ռ֮תһȦ֮󣬾γ֪֮䣬ʵеְλ۸µģҪȭͷ۸¡
һͷռ֮Уһ߹ϵģȴҲоγǳԭ
ͷʲôҪռ֮УʵһЩߣδزҪġ
һ۵ͷھγǵƶ֮£Ѿﵽһ۷ˣʾ˼ǿʵγȻʮصġ
ͷðɣγ㻹ûشҸղŵء
γǵģһƬطȫǹֵĵ̣Բʮ֮ڣκη紵ݶӲֵߡ
γĻЩţ˼ֵǿӹɵģһ֧֮鱨ʵȻǿޱȵġ
ӵĺ棬֮ߵСɽСɽһмһխͨ
һͨ˵խͨʵҲֻг֮խȫͨ
һͨ˲ͬԭ沢һƽأֱһȴš
Ǻϵһӣبһͨ󷽵ĵ·һ¶סˡ
ʻ֮ʱûкѾԶˣ¶һµͨ
ڴŴ֮ʱ۾΢΢һУһĻʮһڣ֮ͨУִϢ
⴦ط;뾩ǵеԶһƬ֮أһСӣѾˡ
ǸСӣʹǹִ䣬˹ϵϢҲԳƲִᡣ
ɣһȴŴ֮ʱһһ˲Ŀѣ֮С
ԭ֮ͨڣˮ̾͵ĵ棬΢΢б¶Ȳ󣬵ȥƻʮԵġ
ͨǰִķһصͨеƻͨʮһжִϢ
Ǹղ߹˺ܳһεĻֱҪΪԼһ¥֮С
֮ͨȥԽȥԽд۽֮УͨɲǱϵˮô򵥣һĸְ͵ġ
֮ͨ£һ޴ĵ¿ռ䣬һֱģһ޴Ĵ
磬ǹֵܻˡ
һ֮󣬾γһ£һ³֮ˡ
ǹֵܻأ³ǲСһȥ³֮Уǲ٣ʮϰġ
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ͷţֲǻҪܻõӲٰ
ǹҵܻ϶õҵʮӣֵܻ֮Уܹ䱸ʮġ
γȻרŸľǹһЩȽѰ飬ռһ֮󣬸͹˹ֵҪ
ԽԽ˳Ϊߣĵΰ⣬²ǰôˣңҪɻ£ͨ˺ֹֻ߲ſ
磬ʱ򣬿˵ǻĴ䣬ʱӦץסᣬȡͬʱ˹ҵ档
Ŀ΢΢һγĵ磬Ҳ֣ǹʢ档


276 
Ǭزʹţ˱صĻľǣҲռһϯ֮أǶʮǰѾչһ͵ز˾ʲʮڡ
ڻģ˵ʲôҵ׬ǮزԿŵǰֻҪʵбĿ̣õһأܽʲô÷ӣ˻
ԴڹŴǧعסʮֿصģҼһҪһԼķӡ
䣬ЩѾΪһһ˵Ľ⣬Ҫͷӹҹ
ЩɶĸһЩݽŮŮԼޣҪһ׷ӣʱҪĲֹһס
ԣڻһ˵֮ԾӸ߲£ǱЩɶĸﳴġ
˵ȻƬһЩȴҲеģټһЩӵˣǻķ۾Ӹ߲µԭ
ķչʮ꣬Ƿ۸ٷǵһҪ׶ΣҪ飬Զ۹ⲻץס˷۷ǵһʱڣ˽յĶǬز˾
ʲﵽʮڵһ˾ʹھ֮УҲǲСһ˾ģʹ㲻öģҲʮֲˡ
ڶǬ˾ķչ֮ԶǸæµģÿһ죬ҪȥνǷæޱȵġ
ռ֮Զ࣬ˣĿˡ
ǰԶ˾ԼĿ꣬ڽӴռ䣬Ӵѧ֮Զȫռ֮УԸǿ
ڳһ֮ǰһСĺԶһӣ㡣
һִУһģ˫ֲһ£һһ㣬ۿǰĺ
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Զо˽ŲҲûر⣬ǽŲԽԽԼڵĵط
оŲʮ֮ڣԶֲ֮ɫ͵תͷ׼ѵ֮ʱȴȻ֮ɫ
Զڵʱʵϲ˵Ĵţأ˶֪ԣ˽Ų֮󣬲ɫȽѿ
׼ѵˣɣһӭˣԶ󾪣ո׼ѿڶѵ˵Ļȫ˻ȥ
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Զ֪γǹֵˣڷܵĵЩ⣬Ϊ֪Ѿ˹֡
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γһܵǬΪͰɣǹҿڹµһرжС飬Ѫ紴ģѪ鳤Һͽ򶼹˸鳤ͷΪǳﻹûʲôˣԣǲǬϣǬܹ顣
ռķչƶʵҲ˴䣬Ҫάʵƾһ˵ʵǺģҪһ֯пܡ
֮Ҫ֣ȴҪڹֵԼ½һ֯ĻʮּѣҲûǸ
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ʲôҼ֣
һ֮£Զɫе㲻ÿˡ
ҡͷǹ֣顣
Զʲô飬Ǻ͹һ˲̫ϰܵԼԡ
ʵԶе뷨ʲôܵԼһ˾ϰ壬˽Ӫ˾ϰ壬ȻùϵȴԸֱӼ뵽ñ̲


277 
ҿڹ֮£ȴԳһϵԣǻкܴȨޣ֮У̫ܵԼֻʱϳɡ
Ȱ˵ң飬ҲȨ֮Ȼࡣ
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һеףԶʮȴȻԸ⣬Ϊмɵһ롰šƺ
һںܶʱ򣬱ɼʹһЩ飬Ҳᱻȥ
е죬Զȴ治飬⣬ҲһЩС˼ӵʵʲôУԼһġ
ԶĿһ˵֣ʵԼ߽Ƕôңڣαؼ֣ΪЩͰ¡
ǬԲӡ
齨飬ɲΪ˻ĵͷ񣬶Ϊ˱ȡûĲĶʹܵߵĳҲԽһķΧڡ
νԽҲԽΪ֮һĿǰǿ֮һȻάҵİ
ռĶңƵĻԻȰǰİ˹֮ҸҪصľƣһãıܵشġ
ΪռƿߣǻĵһԱȻ鷢ۺеĸ֣һӣѹµġ
һԶ¶ɫΪΪʵĻ֮ˣԶֻһˣʵڲκϵָ߲֮С
ĥƤӣҲ˵ԶЩüǬѾ𣿡
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Ц
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γͷ̸ܵЦûԶ֮ɫҲ಻
ʵʵΣԶûаգΪ֮һ治˭һδʤʮš
£뵽ǣһ̣ͷţᱻ÷顣

еĳҽԺڻҲǣȫÿǰľҽ֮ˣҽԺеҽæͣ
һҽʦ֣ǰòŸոתΪҽʦۣҲһ̨
֮һƣ壬򳵻˼ңСԼǰȴվ
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ռ֮ʶȽϤʵ֮У໥֮䣬δôʶ
ʵ֮У֮໥ɱûʲôôԷδر㲻ǲ⡣
ҽ򣬲ˣҲˡ
Զת
һɫٱ䣬ǬôҲˡ
γһˣһаյģһ⣬Լ򲻹ܻûġ
ֻǿһһսǴ򲻹ģܻԡ
˫һΪٸߣʵǿҲǵĶֵģܶܲˡ
ԣһģȥ
תԼĴ֮һɵˣҲе˼飬֪ô쵽һġ
ҽ򣬲ǽȥһ
γ΢Ц
ܸʱûˣȴҲվ˵һˣһңȥ
롣
һһѾɥʧȨνʶʱΪܣֻýȥˡ
ҽ㻹ʶ𣿡
ݣһһ˵
䡭ۣ
һ˫۵ɴʮ𾪡

Ϊĵ׶Ƿޱȣǻڣ֮УȴҲ˾
ÿһ꣬ıҵĴѧа˰нһӦҵǰǣֻ󲿷㶼ѡ
ʹھҲʮּѺ࣬סĵطǳд壬ԵǽֱʮǮĺз֮Ծ
ھѾʮּˣɳһҵѣһ㡣
ھǵ֮ڣһңɵɫʲȻ˵̫࣬Ҳмǧġ
ԣ˵һŮǿˡ
һգѾ°ʱ䣬Լİ칫֮мӰʱͻȻоʲô
ʲôˣ
ɫһŵΣȻվˣһ
򣬹Ȼ
һЦ֮Уܵ˳
üͷ΢΢һ壬㣬򣡡
ҡ
һ߳Ǿγ


278 
γͷ÷һ溬䱸֮ɫкιɡ
γһҪ㡣
˭
ҡ
˳
磡

ھǵ⣬ĵطһδεĲǨ˲ٵİ⹫߰ţֻǨļ׷ӣǣΪ㡣
ԱЩھǼѴƴ˵Щ⹫߰ţֱ̫Ҹˡ
һ⹫ĸ˺ü׷ӣǵķ۸ߣ³ļ۸Ҳܸߣʮֿɹ۵ġ
ԭԼҵļ׷ӣȫˣԼҾסһ׷ס͡
Դӽռ֮ջһ׷ӣһռСĶС൱С
ʱյ֮£ԼҵԺһʩչһĻ⣬γһƬ⻬
꣬ͷγһƬĻһƬ֮ϣ֮ʱγɫɫǳ
ãý񽣺򡣡
Ľʩչ˼£Խⶼն֮ʱ洫֮̾һơ
İݣϲС˵ϰߣǳĽеĴǽͣǣռ֮ȡһ͵֡
ϲͣķ򣬻ý濿ģڽУȷʵһΪĵز
רʹ֮ʱ컹ûзֲԾһѣ쳣ָ򣬿кȵ˭
ҡ
һش֮£һԾ˽
Сôˣô֪ҵݵġ
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ɵĿ⣬ڷܵϴʵ
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ܵͷңһһġۣλ
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ռеǾӣΪĺΪֻ̬һվѾһĵϢɢˡ
ΪޣϣȻɢһֳŮӵĳ಻Ȼ˲ͬĸо
ңռ֮ʱԵɺ֮£꾹Ȼϰǣһĺĳƺš
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ĸСëȻǱ˰ɡ
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ԣڷȻһЩ裬ȴҲһķ
ʻӣιΪһˡ
һˣʲôˣ
ӺͿˡ
ʵǸҲʶ
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δһǽĹս֮߳ʱһϲִЩɫ
УҲЩģʵ֮ߣǰĿΪΣЩġ
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齨һ飬ˣԣ롣
˵˵ôܳʱû磬ԭæ齨ռɽΪ
Ц׼ռɽΪɽǹģڹҵĴ󻷾µġ
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ͷǵģˣҲȰ˵ˡʵңĺѾһˣֻʣˡ
ĺȫˣ
꾪ˡ
ɡ
Ǹһ򾡣ָ룬Ǳˣˡ
ǺðɣҲ롣


ʮ վ
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279 
ɽ֮ϣɽ֮һɽԱߣһվһ£ĿԶ⾳Զӡ
˱ˣʵ齨飬ٴνռ䣬ͶӰ֮С
һΣ˲磬ǽӹֵߵһ磬һν֮ʱҪΪ˵õڤ񹦺貨΢
ʱ书ȽϲʹֵĴϷҲԲ֣Ĺ֮УҲǾĴڡ
书˲ͶӰ֮УԴﵽ˽µһĵزΨһȽ鷳ģֵģֻ²ؾеɨɮ
ӹ飬Ȼ޸ģɨɮBUGĴڣγǽνţеǿߡ
Ȼޱȣ˼ܴﵽһٶʮϣȴδ졣
һ־磬δر򲻹죬ߵΪͬ񣬺߾ͲߵĶˡ
һΣ˲һĿģǺɨɮһ£ԶԷʵ״ﵽʲôز
л˵ʵֵĿ꣬Ҫһһ룬ռ佫ӵԭġ
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ʶһ飬һũһũǷĸ򸾣Ѿˣһũߣһ֯·
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ԶɽֻΪɱˣҲ˵һǰĳҪѸٽ򸾱¡
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еľֵ֣Σʱ̣Զɽһ㲻ңһת֮£һƣࡣ
顱һ˫ཻƽһףԶɽֻоԷޱȣԼҲ
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һΣԶɽĸоǲͬƶԷһƣ鲻һһ̣Զɽɫʹˡ
оԼˮһ㣬ͨƣԴԴϵкƬ֮䣬Ѿ˲١
Ƭ̣ԶɽɣԼᱻԣ취ѡ
֮£ȴԶɽõİ취Ȼ£ȫ֮£˲𿪡
һ˱ڤ񹦵ãԶɽתܣṦ˵£طˡ
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ȥ֪ǺǷһͷκβǷ壬ǵ鷳ݱһʱ
һЩ뿪ʮһ³֮󣬷ɻʱз

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е£һڸɮ书䲻ǾΪӦû㲻ģʦһˡ
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е£ȷʵûʲôУԣܲɱ֮ʱǲɱˡ
֮ǰδ£ʹʵ֮е£ûȥңȥˣǧ֮£ǧǰҲвͬˡ
еԺȫ֪ϤʦںδҲͬҿ϶֤Ժһԡ
ץһСɳ֣֤ԺԺڣһŪ֤֮Ժ


280 ׽
֤ԺֻµһԺռҲǲСģԺзݺֹʮ䣬Ҫҵ֮ڣҪԷһġ
׼һӡһѹʱȴͻȻɫһһ֮£һǽ
ţƮ֮һ˵һֻһ㣬֤Ժ֮У磬ֱеһ䷿ݡ
ȻԶɽûзǰɱࡣ
Ȼ
齫ԶɽˣǲԶɽǰɱ࣬룬ɱ˼ᶨ
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Զɽһƣĵ֮ʱȻоһƷϮۻ룬Եֵ
֮£Զɽֻлһ󣬵˫ӵһ֮ʱоڵԴԴϵʶˡ

ݣԶɽȻԱˣֵ˭о֮ʱŭ⡣
ת֮䣬Զɽ㿪ʼӦԣһӿһִӿ֮״ײ顣
Զɽۺ񣬶ұǿټҲûԶɽʶˡ
һΣʩչڤ֮ʱûǰ̶ʱ֮ڣѾԶɽʮ
֪书Լǿڳɱ࣬Զɽȥ
˫΢΢һУ׷˳ȥһԶɽԶɽȫӦԼ֮ʱһָһξԶɽϡ
һָĳΪͻأ˷ʤԶɽҲȷʵûзסһѪ
Ϊ˱Զɽɱ࣬鲻ò֣Զɽˣɱʱڵİȫ

뿪֤ԺԽԺᣬԱߵһԺӣ¹ƵףһҶдšԺ֡
֮У쾹ȻԺȡ׽Ĺ֪ǿ˶٣ݺֶû⣬һ׽ֵ
һԺ鵱¸ֱͣԺԺǰãб
֮Уһ޴ķ񣬷֮ǰһ磬װһ漫ͭþ⾻
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ĸһƿָδ뾵棬ֻ죬ͭѻˡ
ͭһƿ¶ͭһС齫Сȥһæ˳
һæ֮򿪣һ飬֮ϣд֣ȴʶ
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૵
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׽࣬ǰֵĿģȫﵽˣȴû뿪
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Ƿȴûз飬ʹ书ǿȴҲƲµ顣
ֹһȻУںǰ֮ϣ
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׳ˡһǡĸ֣һ̣ˣסȴڹ򲻶һд󺰳ˡ
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һ鲼֣һֱŵģһһȴʲôû
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һɮֱһ£䷨֪֮˵һѶϢƬ֮ȷɻ֣ȺɮȥֻȡѺɮڷǰ֮ϡ
ͻȻӷ
һڣɮطת˷һƣ֮ĵ
ɮʵǵһĸ֣Ƿ弤𣬴üңս֮УǷ廤ס죬ȴûȫȷϮ
գǷ廹һɮŰѸԶȥˣɮ֮¡


281 
ڰ죬Ƕкøеģ֣ȷɵ˰졣
ûаһˣûǷΪѰҽˣǷһԵֺ֣ʱſԼ
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׽Ȼ鴫ⲻһתķţһŰľ飬ڵЧԡ
һ齫֮Ϊ֣һָʽڵһָзźͶʵĸı䡣
׽ڶһ棬ʮã׽ϴЧܹЧѧо澭
澭ȷʵһŸѧҲһѧ׽ȵĻ»Ҫϲٵġ
׽ʹΪޱȣ׽ϰȴûʲôá
ԣҪ׽ϰûнݾߣһḶ́ʲôûУʱ䡣
һЩС˵Ӱʲôģ֮УгϵģǲĳϣһȥǿԻǧġ
ȴûеһʱȥȡܾ׵ģһġ
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ȴнģһգڵǷͰ죬ڰͬɵĵʲôģᡣ
Ͱڶηͩس֮ʱ˴ϵĴҳվķչǰС֡
С֮ڣʹ̽ˣңȻȥ̽һµףᳵ·ˡ
Сͩسһ··ʮһţţһʮת򱱣߳룬һʯţһľСţٹСţһһ򱱣һ֮˳С·ߣ϶ʮһ룬ɿҲƵһƬˮСˡ
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ʯº͸һ̸
Ƿһ仰ðԼ

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вʱ֣Ƿѵʯͷʱǳϡ裬ĹâԵʮ
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˿ʱ֣ͨС·һ˻ۻǶģ
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Ƿ΢΢ͷб˵үԼ˵⣬ѵ㾹֪ô
ĶȻʲô֪ǷһʣԻãȴǰ죬֪µǰΪ׵ٵ˼ȫ
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Ȼ֪˭ϳ־ԼôҲǶԼĻģԣ첻ϣˡ
ǰȥֹ˵ļκΣ˽ֵ̫󣬾ңǿȻγһϣðȥ
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飡
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һƿһƣһƵʤһƣǷԽԼƷٲ֣ʮȻȻʩչ
ˣǷʩչĽʮƣÿһƵʤǰһƣ粨֮࣬޾һ㡣


282 
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һץУ鵭һЦǺõɫѪڴˣ㾹Ҳ͵

ǰϣʱŭĿӣȴ˵
֪ǸʲôеˣССͣ˼ݶסѨָƿڴأͽ˷
ϣô
һϣΪȣȴԳ֮ɫ


283 
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УʱһңɵǺӷģĿΪ˸ѡӡ
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ңǰʧ󣬲һɱ˰죬Ƿ廹еµģټı֤ʮһ³һ¶ͷݣǷ㰲
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ĦμѾãʱδû뷨ֻǣĿ֮£֡


284 
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˲ᴥֻҪܹʩŵĽ޾һ㣬һһ
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л˵˵ʩչ񽣣죬Ŀɿڴ֮У૵áŸոѧᣬͿʩչֵز𡣡


285 ɱһͨ
񽣣ǳѧȴΪԷӳ񽣵ľ
ĦǺͶȸ֣񽣵Ľݺ֮£ԵֵֻƴĶ
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һ֮ѹĦǺͶԵֳֵǿʵֱ𾪣ĽݸǴܴüֱܡ
ĽݡǷ壬ĽݸǷʵҲȷʵ̫ʹĽݸڽϴΪܵȴ֪书ھֵС
ʱһ񽣵ֶ̾ģĽݸȻǴܴһĽʺޡ
Ľݸڳһڸ֣ǺӡѺʹѹĶ죬Ϊǿʵ𾪣Ŀж͸¶˺Ȼ֮ɫ
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288 ת
Ĵҳ书ȻҲϺһģҪ΢һЩԣԺɵĶԸ
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289 
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ֶΣ˵ܽҵ֣ǣǷͬСɣòҲãܺð
΢΢һЦǰҿûƵ֣ȷе˵ֲʮһ˿ơ
üʵ˵ֲƣģ
ͷȻġ
ӵȻ˵ֲģôǺ
ЦҿɲǺͽģԼġ
Լģ
ԣЩ⣬˵ǿΪĪǣͼıңɵѧ
һЦңɵѧȷʵһһλнľ˼ʹֶΣоһҵʵһʶ
˻һˣϣǿҵƾİһ㣬ӿ֮С
һоϱǿƣľ⣬ºΪᣬΪƸʤϷˡ
ˣӵǴ뷨Ͼ鲻ĻƾʵѾз˵ӿԵֵġ
ӵʸ⣬乫ӣֵģЩˣ
˵һЩ
ӳΣ¸֣ʮ֮߶ѵˣµĿٴʦûô
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ʣ˵иǷ壬˵ãû𣿡
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̾˿صѵô꣬ٵȥҲδȫġοʺ书Ҳãȷʵʣʲôˡ
ֵĿģֻΪһĵӣĵ̶ֳȣֵûн⿪ˡ
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ȻĵȻҲ˽⣬ң
˵˵ɽ֮£һʯ֮Уңɵıڤ񹦺貨΢ԣϸ˵ӵǺңͬһ
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֪˵ʲô˼ʯеϸ֪˵һЩԼ֪ŋеؼ˰ˣˮҲûлȥ֮ġ
ˣǸпҲûж˵ЩʲôӼᶨģȻѾѧңɵıڤ񹦺貨΢Ǿ͸ˣֱӰΪʦҽһ㣬ٴңŵλã㿴Σ
ʱʵЩԥģΪҪӵʮң˵λãҲûʲôá
ǸңɵŰָڽľ֮ЩôԺһɽͯѺˮ֮⣬Ҳʵûʲôá
Ȩʵôûж٣ҪǰʦĻҪӿͷܾе
ӵ֮£ڻδӲĳܾǴӦˡ
ΪҲᱱڤ񹦣ȡӵ࣬˫ϣ׾ͽʮȡˡ
ڰյľ֮дʮ꣬Ѿ;ƿݵĵزʹһ͸飬Ҳֲ˶õġ
Ϊ֪һ㣬һҪץס飬ʦɫĵӣٸʮ꣬δصȵõ
ʮ֮ӷۿɼı仯ΪҺԣǱһһ׿ϣһݺύƣͷŨͷ˴룬ɻҰףһԹںڵĳףҲ˰롣
ֱ仯һֹĴƸոһ˲ʱţȥʮʮһ
󹦸֣֮黶ãȴĵͽܣҵĹȫˣȴҪΪһ飬ȥһˣһĶˣǱҵĵӶгΪϹֱǡΪ䣬Ҵ书֮ʣ˲ҵҵ
ϣҵһõӣܹ飬޷ǳ֪
ʱ鲻ɻصʦĺˣѱɱˣոգƹУұѾɱ˶


291 ɴ
ֵľ飬ңɵŰָһͨǺӣ뽫ңɵŰָӸȴܣ鵹Ҳûоֱ뿪ˡ
֮ߣɽ翷չϢԼʮʮϢڣһЩջ
һ֮ʱһɽ᫡ʮƫƧڣŵ·ߣԽߵԵҲԽ
תһɽ֮󣬼һɽȣ¶һ⣬һ͵ĹâڲͣԾѰ˼ˣһΪǹ
ȷʵЩɫĻǹ𣬿Ϊɭ˵ӣȴ֮У֮з˲м
ڿѧִֹѾ˿ѧо׻ˣκ˶
ȻʮʮۻĵطûҴط
Щ鷴ȷˣһЦ֮£૵ĵ
ȷ˵ط֮ǰĲӼᶨˣֱɽ֮ǰɽ֮ʱһʵĺɽ⡣
ηаħڴ˲񡣡
ʱȻһԼԼط˹֪аħڴ˾ۻᣬֻħ֣մ֣
ߺͣ˼ÿ̵ֶһ㡣
ߣ
һһһ㣬ըɽ֮У·ں޾֮
һߣҲ̫ȴɽȣʹɽ֮У˶˴죬áһҺɽ˹
һҽУδ֮£ëȻ֮С
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ʮʮȻûжٸ֣ȴҲ˶ڵģһ̶ѨȻ壬ȴҲЩ鷳ġ
һ߽ɽ֮У̻΢֮£Ӱ˹ǵ⣬ǽӰ͹
ʮʮ֮Уûʲô̫ǿĸ֣ʹʮʮҲöߣοЩСˡ
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󣬵ǰг˼֮󣬱㵽һֻ֮ͭԣһϸһߣȴֱʸ
ڴ֮ϣһߣʱȴĲˣѪ״̬Ǳǿˡ
ֻ޶鵱֪Ǵ׶ɣһɣ׶ɣһɴˡǼˣʿͬ¶ʿ֮ΪɵֻҪ봨ɽؽ磬Ҳַˡ
ǲʲôɣģ֮ǰЩɵöҲ鷳ˣУнⶾĵҩ˲ежҩӦöܽ⡣
ͷһת֮ʱһֻץס󶦣һᣬһɣ֣ԼСߡ̳֮ɣ̰ͭ쵣һ
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Ĵһӣߣ֮ʱһӭϣȥ
һֻ󶦣ʵģٽﻹеģһ֮£ﵽʮ֮ߣ׹£ƾˡ
˵£һˣͱˣȴ⣬һӭϡ
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齫һʩչ˶תƣ֮£˵һͷϣһ֮ѣɲǼ͵ϮĶˡ
Ѿѧ˶תƣļƻǿеģĽݸʱı֮£ֻнתơ
˿ͣǰУͻȻһӣӭһ˹µµعɽ£ƻǰһˡһУѪ
һ̣һǰƷХ֪İ˳ȥáһ¾ԼĴ
ʮʮˣȷʵôȷʵ٣ڰ֮У˷еˣһɱˡ
ԷȻ˶ڣȴ˿壬ֻһ˫ӭУƷȭͨͨ书ÿһСÿһʽȴĪǶԷԵֵġ
ңںҹ֮УƳһ˫͸ۣԷһ㣬ÿһγ֣Ӳա
ʱһƬڣ޹⣬Էֱ淽λˣǣƫƫ˱Ϊ飬ֲ˼飬õʮʮ֮ˣдΪ𶯡
ڴʱ׸иƮ˹ηˣɴң潫ʮʮ𣿡
ڣˡ


292 ľԪ
ʲôƨɴᣬֻһЩ˰ˣȻҲɴᣬЦ
Цһʵ쳹
ʲôʮʮ鲻ң֪һЩʮʮĵϸʮʮ֮Уʵûжٺˡ
ʮʮˣɽͯʮҺͬ飬֪Щ˸ɵЩ飬һͬı㽫ҪΪˡ
˵֮еؤߵģؤ˺ʮʮ˱»Ҫ΢ôһЩġ
Ļ䣬ɽ֮УͻȻ֮䣬ٺ١ǺǡߺߡЦԽЦԽࡣʱʮ˷Ц˷˼Цˣеıڽеȴ֮⡣
Щʮֺƴ󣬺ڶӣʵҲȷʵˣȴȻ֪ЩֻڹŪѡ
ʮʮˣ󲿷ֶڽԶʵûмˣЧȴʵġ
˺ЦУ˵ˣСҲѲǺüλֵܣɴȺɲŹģʮʮƤȴȥ
֮УʮʮˣԳһЩμֻǰҵɽ¡ɽ塢ɽꡢɽӰӰ´µĶӰ
Щ˱֪ͻȻ֮䣬ӵصӿ˳ֲ֮ƣ֮һǧɵͷ
һˣʹĽݡǷ֮ģƽ̣ƣҲзëġ
֮Уߵʵȷʵǿߣһа٣Է̫࣬ʹûи֣һЩʵһߣҲѶԸġ
һӵϣһ֣ҲԱģֻо֣ſݺȥǣҲȻҪһսġ
Ƿ壬ھׯһսȷʵԵһ֮սָ֣ɱ˲١
һսǷ֣Ҳɱ˲ǿߣǣ󣬼ʹǷĸ֣ȻҲˡ
ǷϵԶɽ֣㲻ãǷ廹潻ھׯˣ֪˶ڣûеġ
еĸ˵ʵǿˣʮ˸ԲΪǣ˾һȴʵ׶Ըġ
ܺãʮʮȻӲ˶ڣȴѪ׶ɣӡڤ´ҲڽСˣҳһ
˵ŰԵޱȡ
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ֻ˶һǰ˼˵ºôĿҪרʮʮˣôͱǲˡ
ʮʮˣɽ翷չ൱ūһĴڣǣڽϣЩģԵҲӲ͡
ڳԣʮʮ̬ʮʮŭģӰ´£˷֮һ׼
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ЩŮпг󣬼ɮˣеʿеĴƮƮеխ¶̴еǳ̣еٸʵŮӣζι״ʿĲͬһ˳бУҲŹ֣˵Ŀ
ܺãڲٲͷ¶βˣװһս⡣
ֵܳڶι״ʿϲûһ˿»߼ɵɫ¶һ˿΢Ц˵
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ѭȥֻʯϥһͷߣһŴԴͺͺģͷҲޣѪԶԶȥһѪһ㡣
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˵ݣеһЩ²⣬ǣһʱȴܿ϶һʡ
Ц˵ܿȴ֪ʵѧأ˵ʤˣԿ֪ҵݡ
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ͷЦʮʮɢĺǣԭ¡ɽͻƴδɵСӣȻҲ˿ڳԣʮʮǺǣЦЦҸ˵ҪҲѣʮÿһλʮÿһλʮͷһһǧʮͷǱ·
ͷ£üͷһͷȴͷˣң⼸µĽȷݡ
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293 
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Ϊ涴û̫ѧľԪԸħ嶷񹦣˫֮ϣմѪ
һ˵ľԪһѪҲƺ죬ͻȻ֮䣬ȫѪɫֱɺɫЦС޺˵˵㶮ʲô嶷񹦡նѵô
ЦľԪϲϣ嶷ǱȻģаħλ£ȥɣ
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У֮⣬ûж񹦾ѧѧڷе࣬ѧۺͽ֮鵹Ҳоһ
ѧԴ书ûϷˣǣһʽУǿԷӳһġ
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С㡭
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Ӷľ۵һζ֮ʱһС㣬˶ľԪüģһѪ˳
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һ֮֮ʱһ⡢һ׵ҲƵƿ
һܣǲ鵹Ҳҵ˫ķ磬һ֮£ӭȥ顱һ죬⵹˻ȥ
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ŵ鵱߳ţÿһŶе󣬰׹졣
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֮ʱԲֵ࣬콣ǰһ㣬ʹתơĹ򣬲ͷžһ죬Ѳһ
ʹõ˵֣Ҳˣ˵ӲȻҲ˺ڡһ֮£ű۱Ҫ˫ȡ
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ϵӳˣһ£ʮݵ˵ϣܵˣֱӺɳȥˡ
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˵һأһ𣬲һѪѪһ³һƨˡ
ʱһ۳ȵĺԽڶǰſȰĴ֣ƵΪȡ
ֳĳһƣǿƷǳԿ书Ϊǿ
ȻҲʮʮ֮Уʵûʲô֣Ǹʲô׿Щ֮УѾǶˡ
׿书δضǿǿһֵУĽݸ书һߵġ
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ʮʮ֮Уϵ̨ĸ֣Ҳ䵽ɽͯѵ
Ժ˵һƣֻһƣĳϮˣƷХ֮⡣
һЦᵶأǰ̹һ񱳱С쳣Ĺͷ⡣
һѵɫ˫һУ֪һ㲻һѴ㶾ĳһһ䣬ʹӲԼжϣ΢һƤжġ
룬һֱͣ£ǱΪָˣһָֻȻһơ
֮һָָһξǺ˸о˲ԣ䲻֮£סһæַŵӭ


294 ݺ޼
˵֮ϣΪһģԽһȥȴ룬εľһ˵֮ϣһѪ
󣬵һָһѹ˺յ֮ʱһӻζԾࡣ
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һмº˵ıУз߰˸ͦУں֮ǰ໤ȴǲܲˣֱײȥ
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ʱѾ콣ˣеĳһᣬʩչˣȻޱȡ
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ڳ֮ʣԸо紵ɽе֦ҶƮˣķâһߣһƬƬҶ˺ѳһġ
һ㣬˹ȥδںǰ߰ˣѾоˣһֱĵΣ
͡
һһ֮£һĹâڵҹ貵С̫һһ㡣
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˵æһˣ㾡ȫ֮£˳ٶȵǲһ֧ļ֮󣬿硣
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֪Ϊ¶׷ױ֮£Ǿһ齻֣ǵ³ֻһ֡
赶Ⱥ֮Уɱһͨʮʮ֮ˣҲ𽥽ΧģصΧŵĸİˣɼ˶ڡ
Ѱ˼ˣһӣʹ书߾ҲδظҺİһǣȴ޾ɫԽɱԽ¡
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ˣʮʮ֮ˣȻˣǵĹͷûиӲ
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ʮʮˣ˶ڣаħѪȲ֮ƣǣٱһɱ֮£Ƿ׷׵
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һ֮һ˹
ɱˬ֮ʱһʵӰд乫ӣλλԹ޳𣬺ο˺ݶ
⻰һ˵ʮʮ֮ˣƵ˿һ㣬ȥܿ飬
ʵˣֻǣ鲻ģҲҲõĽڣ˳ʮʮֱмҪˡ
̧ͷȥֻһվһˣշ㴦֦һһҲ
ƻҫ£ԼĪʮͣ¶΢Цֵλƶ棬ҰնзֱǷΣ
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ϴ̧ͷʵմ
ƽδش˴һϴǡǸ˲𡭡˲ԡԡԡ
˵ԡ֣ʼûܽȥ˿ڳԣһһ·ԡףӲȥ
ٲѣϴһˣƽˣ
ڳϲ˽ںͷĻ˵˳æǡǡǰǡԡԡԡԡ˵ԡ֣ȴֿסˡ


295 ޵
ƽˣڽϵͷжǣʮʮһЩˣǱȽϤġ
±ĺĲƽ𣿾Ŵ׹һᣬһᣡ
֦ϵĲƽ˹֣ϴ
ƽ΢Цңң϶˵ƶһغЩţҲǣ˵ԾӰȽȽ¡
˫뿪֦ȻἫض棬зڣһɾ磬£סӻ䣬֮ίʵ
ϴѿڽеƾٷ硯Ṧ
ЪƽҲ˫ŵأ΢΢һЦ˵˫ͻ֮𣬴ϵᡣβƶı棬Ϊѣ
ϴ˵ŲƽĽ棬Ƿ˲ɡ
Ҳνսȥˣǣƽ˿ƺõɣȴЩˬˣǣһ֮£˵ƽˣðĴд⣬Ҳǰװƣһ
ڻ֮µͬʱһָһָƽ˵ɫһ䣬һԾ֮£
һδ£һȴѵ֮òƽʱʱ̸̿овȴ޴ڵΣ
ȴܲ񽣵Ľգƽ˱һˣһɶȥ
黹ݣһָ񽣵Ľвƽ˵ͷ­顱һͷ­ըѣѪɡ
㡭ɱ˲ƽˣ
ָ飬ϴ𾪵ĵ
ϴ𾪣ɱ˲ƽˣǲƽ˵书ʮָǿϴʮģǣֵ£Ȼô׾ͱɱˡ
ǰһʮʮڼֳʵҲԲģǣûмлɱƽ˵
ˣʹϴʮֽͼɵ´飬ħѪȻ鴫ǣΪĿɴ޼ɵ𣿡
ϴĻ֮Ув֮ʮԣȴʵûʲôսʵ̫ˡ
ɫȻһޱ飬ЦЦвֶΣǲҪóˣĻȥǾɣ²¡
˫֣վƮƮ֮ѩи˷緶ģ࣬ƾˡ
վһԨsƣƻԲһʯƾ紵Ҳҡ
ɱʵѾʮʮ֮˷ɵʹЩ˸Ҵҳ壬ȴҲԸ޹ġ
ħ㵽Ҫô
ϴɫѿɭɭĵ
ʮʮ֮˾ۻΪ˶Կɽ翷չ󶷣̫ʵĻչʵϼ֣ʵԸ
ϴܹΪʮʮĴȻûӵˣе˼һҪ֣ɷǲƽ˸ոȰ˵Ľ
鵭һЦҵҲôֻҪ㽫ɽ翷չϴǸСŮͯңұȾߣٲλΪѡ
⻰һڳʮʮ֮ˣ׷ɫ䣬ϴı仯󣬼˵㡭ô֪Ϲ翷չչдһŮޡ
ɽ翷չڽвΪ֪ʮʮɽͯƿأҲһ֮顣
ǣոգĻ֮Уȴ͸¶ҪϢȻ֪չĴڣ֪ϴ취Ըչʵ𾪺⡣
ʮʮ֮˵Ըչ֮£һܣǰ֪ģһ˳ȥչ˻ɽ֪ͯˣ½²á
ʮʮ֮ˣСҪչĿƣȴ㣬ԥԥģ㲻ǰļƻܹɹ
Ⱥˣȫǰ鳣ڳ²㡢֡
ˣ֪Ĵ£˱㽫ƶ½ΧϴΪ˵乫ӣ֪翷չģ֪Ϲչһһʮ˵򣬱ǲˡ
֪Լ͸¶Ϣʮʮ֮˵ǶôҪͲ˼飬ǣ⡣
ĿĴһɨУٴηɱ⣬ãǻҴһǰɣôҲͲˡ
һ䣬һΣΪһӰֱ˰ΧԼȺٶޱȡ
Сģ
ˣҶСˡ
졭

ֵһ̣ʮʮ֮ˣԼеˣһСУеı飬е¸ҳϣ˵ķӦͬ
֮£ȻЧĶԵУ׳һȺܼ֮أ˫һХĽȫ
ʱû˼֮ݣɼһߣݺ֮£žžˡ
ȫʩչ֮£񽣵ӵ˼£ÿһ൱һ£Եֵ
һ֮УֳѹԵսʹʮʮڶ࣬һɱ֮£²һʱҪ߰˰ˡ
ʲôôô
ָʲôָ𣬻ǽ
ǿǿ̫ǿˣ±ɽͯҲ˰ɡ
ôܣôܻҪĸ֣Ҳţ

񽣣ݺ޵У޾֧֮£Ǽһʮʮ֮ˣѡ


296 ɽͯ
в֮ˣȫɱڵ飬˲֮Уʸ
䣬ѧ֮ԷӳսԽǿģɱ
ʮʮ֮ٶ࣬Ҳһɱ֮Ѿе㶥סˣ⡣
ס֣ס֣乫ӣҲסְɡ
һȣ֮ϴĿУϣס֡
ͣ
ͣ
ϴ˺ѷεĺ֮Уָɱ֮󣬲סˡ
֮ͣһ֮£뿪ʮʮ˵Ⱥ֮Уվ֮һ˵ƣԿˡ
ôǲٴȥˣ
üͷһ֮£Ц
ϴɫ࣬̾һ֮󣬲˵ħ֮Ȼͬ죬ǻɱެʦĦǡϹֶĴ֮ǿˣðɣǸŮ޽㣬ǲ뿪
ȻЩаħһҵˮƽֻҪõҪģתߡ
ĵ
̬ȣϴʹвǣȴҲû취ģ˭˼ҵĹǿأǼɵеġ
ԣʹЩҲֻдʣֻк޲ýߵġ
ǣϴԸһ䣬Χһ֣һһֻɫǰǰ
ϴ⿪һ࣬¶һֻСǸŮͯ
乫ӣŮޣĳ˴翷ģڣˡ
һָǸŮͯϴĵ
ŮͯɽͯѣҺϴ֪ݣ֪Ļ»ŵøεѵģȻҲпܻϲѣһɽͯնɱˡ
ңɿν˲֮УţƵһˣеѧڶ࣬ȫ񹦾ѧڤ񹦺貨΢ѾǿһͿˡ
˱ڤ񹦺貨΢֮⣬ңɻа˻ΨҶ𹦡С๦ɽƺɽ÷֮ѧǼǿѧ
ɽͯѱ˰˻ΨҶ𹦣ÿʮ꣬᷵ϻͯһΣǡһηϻͯȴˮ׷ɱ䵽ϴС
ŮͯһųֵĴ۾ſ˷ˣʮʮ֮ˣĿе׺ݹâͷ˫ְһѽѽĿ
ʱΪ˻ΨҶ𹦵ԭɽͯɢĽ׶ΣҲһˣʹһͨˣԻɱɽͯѵġ
ʱɽͯҲװɵװ֪ĵҪġ
ŮͯųʱĿͼϣĿ֮дӣ´Ůͯаɽͯ˵Ƣɲ̫á
ҪŮͯϴδûһЩ棬Ŀһ֮£˵乫ӣȻ֪ҪŮ޸ʲôǣһҪ㣬ŮǸư͡
ŶǸưͣ
һζЦ⣬Ŀ⣬û뿪ɽͯѵϣӦһ䡣
ò˵ϴ̫ΪˣɽͯǸưִͣ翷չοʮʮ
ϴһĵҳʱװƣ෨ԣʱ䲻һǷȥԭƵġ
ϴĻһ˵ʮʮ֮ˣ׷׹עɽͯȻˣŮͯĿѽѽѽģư֮
˴һʵϴ˵дֻ᲻᣿
ϴҲᡣǿ򡢽ˮ̡һзŶʹˣǾǿĲᡣ
ǹһ˿Ц⣬ɽͯѲд֣֪һӣգᶪģԣɽͯѲŻŵġ
֪ϴ˵ȫǺ˵˵ģҲˣһ֮£һǿɣɽͯ˹ڿնطһ㣬ѸԶȥˣһ仰ԶԶˡ
ʮʮˣԺ󲻻ټ棬ǲҪ̫Ŷ
ˡ
Ķħ书ôǿҺˡ
ԺټأǧҪټˡ
ˣ̫ˡ

һߣʮʮ֮ˣ׷׳һһһ㣬Ǹϲ
һɱһʮʮ֮˵УֱǶħһоʮֲõģʹһҲδĶ֡
֮£ֻϣԿһ뿪ڣ뿪֮˺ƴһƵġ

һ㣬ɽ֮ϱУǸٶȿν쵽˼ģһ֮£һԾ뿪ľ롣
Ǹٱ֮飬ṦѾ˼ΪĵزʹȣȴҲˡ
ʵֻҪһַṦķʩչʹȣҲδġ
ǣ磬鲻ʹóԣһֱֻ书ʹ÷
ɽͯѱãеɽͯһֱʵʵģû¶ݵ˼鲻Щ֡
Ծ֡
аˡ
˲ʱɽͯѴϴоȳ֮Գݵģһһأô¡
ɽͯҪ
֣ҲȵЩͷˡ
ɽͯȿڣȻȻ˵ݣһ룬Լľ籾չơ


297 Ŀ
ɽͯѣȴȻһ㣬ٶǽһ죬ߵɽӰ伱ٷɳ۶֮ʱƻӰ˶
뿪ʮʮ֮˾ۻĵطȽԶˣĽŲɽͯѷڵϣֱϥˡ
֮鲢ûдҲûʲôĶֻһ˫۾ϴɽͯѡ
Ĵ֮£ɽͯԳһЩµҶ˫ֻۣӵĵͷΪ־ӡ
ˣɽͯѣ㲻Ҫװˣ֪㡣
ȻɽͯѲԸ¶ݣҲڵĵȥֻˡ
⻰һ˵ͷȥηĲҶ˫۵ɽͯѣһ̧ͷĿоһûȻװʮãȻ˵˭˵ʲô˼˭ɽͯѣ
ЦЦ϶ĵɽͯѣαؼİ˻ΨҶ𹦣ʮҪһΣ״̬޵Ĺؼʱ̡
黰ĽУɽͯѵɫڱˣȻѾ˵ֵزȻϹɵġ
ɫһ֮£ɽͯѵҲˣȻˣ˵СӣʲôˣǲǸġ
ɽͯͻȻ֮ı仯龪һ£뵽ǽһĴڣҲͲˡ
⣬ɽͯ˵ǸˡҲһ£ת˲ŷӦ˵˭
˵ˮɣ
ʵ
ɽͯѷŭĵҪҵǰ˵֡
ɽͯѺˮ֮䣬⣬ΪӣͷѪݺͬţȴֵ˽ĵز
ңɵЩˣΪ治ǳ˿ģֱ̫̫̫ƫִͬ
ˣɽͯѣûȤˮ֮£Ҵ㣬Ϊһ׮顣
һɽͯ˵ţһԼֻ֣ʳָ֮ϣһָ
ʶָ
ָ߱˵͵ģ
һǸָɽͯѱʮּˣ¶ɫһȡָ
ָ߱ӴǸ뽫֮ǺӵģǣǺΪȴʮ壬ֲܣһңš
ǺΪִ֣ʮҳϣʮװƣƹУ֣ΪѡӣͿɿһˡ
ʮһգΪһĿ֣װƣһ˿ģˣʮǣȴԲġ
ָ߱ңɵɽֶͯʮģȻһָ߱˳ʮ𾪡
ɽͯ书ȫڵʱ򣬶δĶ֣ʱûһ˿书һȻѸ٣ȴ׾ÿˡ
бɽͯѣôָ
֪书ûлָκβ飬ɽͯѻӣȴһ㶼ûиģŭС˵Ǵõָ߱
鵭ĵȻǰҵġ
ɽͯѵܣⲻܣָ߱ңŵʦôܽ㡣
ǰȻ뽫ңŵλôңԣŰָ߱ҡ
չʾһڤ񹦺貨΢ɽͯѱˣǣӵɽͯʮֱʹ
䵽³СΪˮҲѲ˸ϵնҲɴ˻
ڽһԭί֪ɽ֮ͯ˵˴ѰɽͯѵĿģΪҵˮ֮ɱ
ɱˮһΪ˸ӳһǿ˲˳ۣΪС๦
ɽͯѺˮˣ鶼Щ֣ǣɽͯѺˮȵĻĻˮɱݡ
˵С๦ɱĦ֮󣬵õʮ浶С๦ֻǣС๦ǲȱġ
ĦǵС๦֮ɽׯŋ񶴣һа˲ᣬȴеĵ߲ᣬʹĦǵС๦ȫǵ߲ᣬˡ
ɱ˶֮󣬱˻󷨺һЩöĹ򣬸ûС๦ǣС๦ȫ
ʹ˲֮УС๦Ҳһžѧڤ񹦡񹦺;澭Ҳ̫ġ
С๦֮󣬿ʩչŸɵѧģģȴҲɼ书֮ǿ
ȻĦУûеõС๦ȫֻдˮˣС๦ȫġ
ңС๦֮⣬ˮ׺ѻ󷨺͹Ϣǿѧ㲻ãһ𱬳
С๦ɽƺҲҪѧᣬɽ÷֡˻ΨҶ֮ģ̫ġ
ɽƺˮδػᣬҪɽͯƵϴ⣬ϵˣϵĻҲɱ֡
ãããˮǸˣȻҰʦܣһҪɱʦܱ𡣡
˵ɽͯѵ״̬е㲻Ծʮֱʹ氧ɫһˮ֮ʱҧгݡ
ͷȻȻûʽǰΪʦǣʮ깦ָңŰָΪм˷Ӧ֮¡Ѿɱˣֻʣһˮˣǡãͯʮһֻصɢ׶ΣˮȻʱ㽫ʰˡ
֮Уˮô˵Ҳһһľ֣ǿԺǷһ۸µǣ˵ȴ߹ɱ


298 ˮ
ΪӣɽͯƺˮƺɽͯʮһɢĹؼʱ̣ˮŹġ
ԣҪרȥˮԶġ
һ֪ɽ֮ϣһʱ䣬ˮҹˣҲˮ֮ͨ⣬ԵĵȻҵõɽͯѡ
ʦ㣬ģ
һŮӵתͻȻɽɽ֮ϣ䲻ȴĶС
Ǹˣ㲻Ҫɱڻˡ
ɽͯһ¼ˣæ˵
ͷʮƽ֪ˡ
䣬һӰһζƮȻˣһվɼȣȻǸŮӣ˿׳Ʋݡ
һɽͯϵ鷴Ӧ֪߷ˮĪˣοڳɽͯʦ㡣
ʦ㣬þòʦ
ˮĻȻ֪ˮɽͯѾȻӵޣ֪ߣ»Ϊ˵Ĺϵܺá
ɽͯҧгݵĵˣ㲻ңɣƵӲǾġ
ɽͯѵܻˮеվ綯գƮƮɣȻƮĵʦ㣬Ͻö겻ˣôռ棬ǵϲҪ˶ŭС㵽⼸㷵ϻͯĴϲӣ˵˲ħ֣Сǳû׵翷չ㣬Ҫһ֮ħȴ㲻
ɽͯ߷ߵص׼ɢʱգ翷ܰʲôģȴ㲻ʹ˽ұ·˸գʧǲǣˮԸˣȴѳ˼գҵȻ֣벻Ͷ񣬵һ񹦣ˡ
ˮʦ˵ﻰСԺʦÿ뵽չʦ㡣ֻԴʮǰ֮ÿܲɵعһǽ½һֱûǰ̽˵ʲôͷ̫ˡ˵ֹȡ
һ֪ˣ˶˵̸ⷬһΪɽͯѹˮ෴ɡϸһһ
ǣǳʶشˣɽͯѵĹģˮȴǼٵġ
ɽͯȻᣬȴڱϣǱһˮȴһﲻһˣֱȽա˵ˡ
ˮ̬õɽͯѴŭˮµؼңʲôãƣʲô
˵ţץס֣ʳָϴŵıʯָ˳
ˮӲʧָ߱㡭ģ
һ֮ˮӦ˹ϵԣⲻġ
۾飬ʵλӣңɵָ߱ô
һֱû˵ɽͯѺˮཻ棬ʱĵָֻ߱ǰҵģҽңɡ
ĿⶸȻȵˮ㹴ϹֶңӣνǱңɵоҽմҪ档
㡭ô֪ǡʦָ𣿡
ĵܣҲ˵Σ֪ˣˮ𶯣һʧ
ڵ飬ˮȷʵйڣıԾΪ˽ˣĻڹδԸġ
ҲģҲģҡֻΪʦֵע⡣
ˮҡͷʧǵӡ
ˮΣɲܣ죬ˮɱˣǣˮĻڹĻִаɣҺŻö໨ѹ򡣡
Ϊָ߱Բ˭ָ֪ǲ͵ġңʦ֮ĶԹδˣ㻹ÿɱʦ㡣
ˮĵ
֪ˮˣ϶ģͷЦҲãֵ¼°ɡ
һָһˮһ֮£æһˮԭվĵ֮ϣѸٶһСֵָϸ
֪ˮһ֣ʵǿ鵹Сӣȫʩչһݺᣬˮ˶˽֮С
ˮƮƮ֮£һõӰӣܿ񽣵ĽһƬҲ꣬һС
ˮĺܿ죬ǣĳָ죬һһδܱܿһľ磬ˮϵİ׳
һ˲䣬鿴ˮݣֻƺʮͣüĿǣȴмѪۣݺύĽˣһ֡
ˮòǣĵˣͻбᣬ˵ĳѿ
ˣɽͯǰýģȴҲǾȡɽͯѶʮּӺ߻ħӴ˳Ϊ٪壬ɽͯȴҲ˱
ԣˮûһͬġ
ϵİ׳֮ʱˮ΢һ£ǣȴû˿ֵͣ˼񽣵Ľͣ
顱һˮһŸ߿׷ɣԿһ˿Ѫ
ƲˣһΣ֮һ㣬ˮȥȻͣ
ڰգ޴ˮȴգǿŤתһơ


299 
һڰ֮һתˮһ߱ܿ񽣵Ľһĳһơ
һʮأӭǣ˽ǰ֮ʱȴûио
ԼҲķһƿնɫ΢΢һ֮£һĳ
һǰ׺ѧ֮УҲǶѧ˷ʤ
顱һֵһƣһ׺һֻ֣ȴ˿ͣϢһһĴ
һ֣ˮ㴦·磬ڳ֮ʱ˿ûֵģһ㲻ͣϢ
ˮԴС๦ûĶ֣Ȼһ·ѹƣʹɽͯƽ֣Ҳĸо
ֻоһĽ·޴һ㣬ңԷҲԴԴû
һžѧֵĽޱȣǣҲΪģ񽣵ĽʩչɳԷˮһ򵥣ǲġ
ɽͯѵ书ɢˮսֲãǣڵģԿΪʵĸߵ͡
ˮʵɽͯʮˣϤ˼㣬ǣʵΣлûס
֪ʵǣǲˮĶ֣ȴûյģϾˮ̫ǿˡ
һ˫Ľ֣ɽͯеһ˿ɴ÷飬ңһ𾪺;ĸо
ĳ֣Լ˫սɽͯڷˣʵ˵ãԻɱˮ
ˮˣ˰ɣһΣˡ
֮ɽͯѷ࣬ͬʱһɳˬĸоˣɿЦ
ɽͯʧ̬ˮĶԹһֱ׷ݵʮǰȰͻõĶԹνˡ
ĳԹһɱʹԼֱģɽͯҲʮ˷ܺͳ죬ֱȽϲӣŻ񷢷һ
ɽͯѵĳ͵⣬ˮһ㷴ӦûУǲ룬ûǸ򣬱񽣱ƵģûշתŲء
γһһһ㣬ˮȫУˮʹеͨշתŲǣ֮ʱ
顭
һˮϣ֮ˮתϳһѪ
ˮʵǿǣҲܲסĴȵĽ֮£ˮԽԽСֱһϢ
һȻ֮£ˮ׹أһƬۼ⣬һĨӲӵĹâ
Ͼ֮书Ĵڣɱˮ֮󣬿Եõƽ䣬Ҳ̫Ԥ֮⡣
ˣˣˣˡ
ɽͯһ֮£漴ϲ״ӡ

ʮĩ֮ʱɽ֮ǰ½½཭ϵĺܣĺԭ⣬ֻҪʿûĵطǰ
ͻȻôĽʿ֣ŵɮ˴󾪣ҵæȥˡ
Ϊֵ̩ɽµһɣȴҲ˽ϵڶӢۺܣƬֱ̣֪ɮӭ˳
һ֮ʮ֮ͬУ˴۱֮ڣȡšȸɮȺ˴۱С
Ⱥɮеύ࣬Ӣ֮УвֱֱɮµִȻʣӭУһʱյҡ
ںĪ֣δ֣⣬֪ɮֽ˵˷ɽʮλǰɽ
ʱһںӴ˵ؤׯ֣Լûô
һϸ˵㼱ʲôȻˣҪ֣ٵһôȻСɫϳǶٳ̨
˵λԼͬؽٱ£ҡֻдܣԭ
Ⱥ˵˵ɲؿ
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312 ս
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ȫ֮£һһֺ֮Уе泩Ըӣȫھڲݣƺʱ
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лůȻнĲѣǣʱȥһ֮ȴҲǲԸģҪ֪޿Σյġ

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ʩչղ񹦣Ȼǲͬ죬óۺѲƥУȭ֮£㽫ۺѵϴӶ
һ쳹յ˻֮£ۺѸ߰ΣȻ̮ˣһҵ˵֮ϣ˳֦Ҷ
̾ڵϵĺĿ֦Ҷۺѵһ֮ʱʹõϳһӣһ½ۺѵһ롣
⡭⡭ôܡ
лů˫ۣһӵɵ󣬾û뵽ģ龹ȻôʵȻǿǿʢ̬ۺѻɱˡ
лůľл˵һЩС鶼ʱתлů΢΢һЦ˵лϸ磬ֻۺѾ㶨ˣûȤһȥһֵܵս
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ˣ黹СɵĹȡʤģһֿԵ̬ۺѸɵˣ֮ʢɼһߵġ
лůĸо֮Уʩչ˽ղ񹦵飬һħƵģ£ɢһֿ񱩵Ϣ
ȻˣºһҲ򵥰ɣϾһʮߣδûصʵԣлůЩ档


314 
ȻԻɱһֻۺѣһδزԻɱ߶ԸһֻۺѵģԣлůⲻһЩȤҪȥһ
һһֻۺѵСԣܾлůڵĵطеԶǿһ۾ͷֵġ
ǣлůΣһ㣬ǰСĵطȥƵˡ
˽ǰǰһĻлů⼸Լ۾һ˲Ĵ͡
飬Ϊ̾ģںһʵ˸֪
һƬ֣ѾǼΧľָǱɨһ飬һÿôˣһ޴Ŀյأϸǹֱ鲼
һƬյ֮ϣӰٵĹţ޴ʯ飬໥׷š
ʯ֮Уǿ֮ϣɢһǿҵİɫâǰ׹֮أȻĴһַ֮
ԭ֮Уǲ̫ܲⷴҫۣγһƬĻһĴڡ
ǣ˿̣ΧĴȻѾһգչⴹֱҫ֮£ȻѸ趯ĴصˣγһƬâεۻҡ
һŽСĺӰʯͷǱһʹôصȥĳۺѣҪϷȥǣ⵶ǿ͸ߵ·һ㣬ѹڵ֮ϣһ϶Ҳû
ΪޣۺѵʵǼǿģھʮĸ֣δǶֵģǣһֻޣȴᱻһӲڵϹȥһֱòĻᡣ
һѾǴռϷôˣֱȡ˾ԵƣҪɱһֻۺѣҪõġ
һ̣лůе𺳣ʵñīһˣлůȻ֪һھʮĸô򵥣һλʮھ۷ĺ֡
ͬΪھʮ㣬ǣھʮھʮ۷֮䣬໹Ĵģһġ
һ촽лůзԵĿЦͺһĸ֣Ǵĸʯͷųģ
ϴȱǣлůһ֮Уû˵λ䲻ʮ˵֮£ôΪôǿս
Ŀսţ֮лůɫٶȱˣе֮Ũ
һһλʮھ֣ǣͨʮھһֻ޳Գ˵֮ȫѹˣҪӵҪķһġ
һȻܹƾһѴصۺڵ֮УͻʹҪߣҲ԰쵽ɼʵ֮ǿԶһھʮֿɱȡ
Ȼʵǿϵ裬һѷҡ
ۿ˺һͳۺѵĽ֣ǿĹаֹжϡ
ѧϵΪǿڤģ֮䣬֮⣬Ϊġ
۲ͬһֻһΪѸ٣̶ʱ֮ڣﵽ˺ʮ۷壬ңʵ
⣬ںһĵ֮УлůеһĪǽϵ裬һֺ⡣
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ֶӦڽϵС˵֮УҲһЩ֣浶ڤƵȣǣȴûμĻ֡
ս֮еĺһлů⵽֮ʱѾע⵽ˣһֻۺ֮ʱĲҽУ֪һֻۺӦñɵˡ
һΪлůĵǵԼİΣҪԼһ֮жԶȻ˼ֺøС
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ǣһеĵԽǿˡ
ۺΪޣȻӵǿǣƴʱһ֪ۺѵҪ˲١
ۺǿĵطǻǣǹ룬Ҷ䣬ʤһ
ΪۺѵķʮǿᣬǺһĴصڳۺѵϣҲǸλһ׺۶ѡ
Ȼһصӵ˼£ʮرлնڳۺѵϣȴûжɶʵԵ˺
鵽֮󣬻ǲЩʤ˼һĵƣȻ˱仯
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ۺѱѹ֮ãȻѹȫʧȻ˷ܲѣң˳ʱѹ֣Ѿŭȫ˳һѹȻһҪˡ
ֻǣۺѲŸովֱ壬δüȴȻеһǿ󵽼Σոо
Ϳ֮ĳͨÿһֻ޶൱԰ףرɱ֮Σ֮ǰָоġ
ܵͷδͷ֮ж֮ʱۺͻȻеϺƣ·ͻȻ׹˱֮УҲ޷ֺˡ
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315 ع
ʹʹúһ书ٶȼ죬һ·ϱߣٶȳѰңûƿӡ
ǣһվˣǿʤ֮󣬸Ըˣԣһ龹ȻѾԼĶ֣һˡ
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һʩչǿɽʮʽеĵʮʽؼ֮¼ĺǿһʽӵʮʽʼǾͲǺǿܹʩչˡ
ӵʮʽʼҪѧϰսΨ쾳ĸֲʩչ
ԣʮʽĿǰһʩչΪǿʽǧҪСһУ֮ǿѾ޵Ľӽǿˡ
һеĴص߸߾һ׳Ĺصͷչ֮ҫԣ·һݰ㣬ɢ޷ӵĹâ
ңںһϣɢʮֲֿϢǳۺѸоǱ߶סһٶֺһԲԶлůҲǼĻ
лůԿóһһʽ̺ŵǿܣͨսԴﵽģΨսһں쾳ܹѧΪսпܷӳ˾޴
ս˼壬߲ſպӵеսںߣӵսĻĄ̊́ǿ󣬱Ĳ
лǻڹңǣȴҲûжսģڼһȻս˳Ծġ
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ͬ񹦾ѧȻʮǿ󣬵ǣҪգȴҲǲף֪֮
ӵսûսȫǲһģֳʵȫΣͬھʮĸ֣ӵսߣʤûսġ
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ս΢һ֣һھʮǿ߾ͿӦһֻ޳ۺˣһ
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ӵսˣлůʮĽģö˵лů⻳ɣոʩչһѧͬս
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Ǹ߾ٵĴȻ϶£ںһǰĳۺȴһָоǾܵĿѾ̣Ǿ޴㣬εĽסˡ
ڴصһ̣ҪĸӶݣ޷ӿջƽصƣֱһΪΪֹ
һֻۺһһֻۺҲǾ޺һԶԶĵ˿һľ
ۺѵֱ۸߸ߵľҪ̩ɽѹһ֮ʱ޴ĳһɫ磬Ȼ˳ۺѵֱ֮ϡ
һ˲䣬Ƿ·һĹͣˣһ̾ҵıŷ˳˷·ڵİɫâ
ѾǺܹﵽļˣΨֲܴﵽģع֮һ
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ڽϵγɵ֮У۷Ѿ˾ͷǲԽ쾳磬ֻǣʮּѡ
Ҫ죬ɲͿԵģҪ֮֮ʮģҪ߹ʵ̫ˡ
ܹһģڽϵУһֻһ񣬱˲еɨɮеĶܺеȡ
֮Уȴȫһˣһ߷չ磬߾ҲôѣֻҪ㹻죬ȫ⡣
쾳ż͵ֻһö𵤣ȫԷý𵤽죬ȻԺһЩӰ죬ǣԽѾˡ
ÿڲͬ·Ӱ죬緲˵磬ɣʹӯɣҪ죬ȴҲһס
Ψ磬ԱȽ׵عֻǣһҲģΨкһ˵ģſˡ
һ˿غɢ֮ʱ龹һЩ򣬵һϲ뵽ԼԲ𵤣һԽ쾳磬Ļ̫ˡ
ԭ뷨϶ǽ֮죬ǣתý𵤣
Ȼ鲻Ὣеϣһϣ𵤻Ҫ׼ģһͻƲˣҲֻˡ
Լʣʵû̫ģɲǺһõˣӵ
һ룬ҲԷƱԼӵѾһˣķչ


316 
ʵһΣ磬һ˼ΪѰҽ𵤣ͻ쾳磬ǣû뵽ȻиĲ
벻ǣһս֮Уսһ˿عȻԼӰ죬Լ򣬺ƾ쾳磬һˡ
һֱһΪԼѧӦòôڤ񹦺һЩѧҪߵڵĵزǲܵġ
磬Ҳҿ϶ƾԼԲԽ쾳磬ԣý𵤡
ոյ鿴ϣ򼸴غԼǿƾԼ쾳硣
Ȼصһ볤ۺѵս֮Уںһ۷һ֮ʱۺǱȾֻҪӲֱۣȻһ֮±ӲĿˡ
ǵˣһನȻԳ˵µ֮У¶Сصˡ
ۺһҽ˵ص֮£ͬԴѾȥڸ̫ܵǿҵĳӶϢ˲ˡ
һѾ˳ۺܹܵļޣҽ֮ĻҲûˣĻԳۺ޵ӣʱ̣һгġ
һһʵ̫ǿˣǺ۷һһҲʮǿģһۺˣЩлůԤ֮ġ
һ̣лů𾪵˼㣬ֻÿڸ˫ͬǦˮһ㣬޷Ųֺ
ܺһûͻƵ쾳磬ǣսȴʩչ֮Բκκǿܹġ
ܸղźһһǲżȻģǣһʵ֮ǿȴӹɵģлůԶԸġ
˵һʼһ֮⣬лů⻹뷨ʲô˲ŲΪãҪΪȵȣڣȴʲôûˡ
һ仰˵úãھǿǰһıƶǻӰϲ̨ġ
նԾµһһ˿ع֮󣬺һȫǳһ֮ϣڸʲôʲô
ʮΪһﵽھʮ㡢۷ߣκοԽ쾳ķʮеġ
ղţ߾ȫĿɽʮʽĵʮʽȻĳڴȻɲ⡣
һֻ֪ҪԼܹסղŵһ쾳㲻ˡ
һҲǺһһεĸд֮ں߶ԣѵһһʱ֮䣬һ˼Ϊ֮ʧأȫĳһ˲ĸ֮С
ǣĸо֮ʱлл˵ĹһӴ˺һָһʱŭ
ǣһ̧ͷл˵ĿȻʹһ˿֮ɫǡñлůˡ
Ȼֳֳлȴûע⵽һķӦĿ䵽лů֮ϣĽеû°ɣ
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лůɫ԰ףлɵشʧɫе
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317 л
ӴߴߴķĽе˻öе˻ʮַꡣ
׽ȻľʵǾסĺõطϲ徻֮ˣϲĲˡ
糿ƴůʱ᷿һ䷿ţϢĴˣûз֨
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ǣ𵤣ȫͬˣһö𵤣ʮµھʮ۷߷ˣмļʣԽ쾳ġ
쾳磬ԽСԽģԴߵѪʢڳ쾳磬ôٵġ
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ڼʶͺһĹ֮лůԶѾʮֿˣлύˣһ
лů˼Ϳ͸ˣһ¶ģǣҲû˵͸˼
лůʲô˼ֻһͰˣԺ飬Ҫںһϣ޹ء
˵Ժһյĳɾ֮ͣУ˿ƥеģлůΪֻΪöѣûʲô⡣
лĴ֮£ͺһȥǰͣʹһͣлҲŪĲ
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л˵ڵ֮һҪвʾ֮˵ģǣлůΪ˽ģĴлůҲлҼϣڵõ϶
˵ףǺһʲᣬǰ;лϣõһλɽҪǣΪллҼ»
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ںһлߣȥлҵĲҳ¼ʱлů˵̽һЩѧԭ
ȻҲһ磬ߵʵһģҲΪߣӵʲôġ
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Щͬϵѧɲѧֳķʽͬѧнϵ߾ˮϵϵȣиĵط
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֪лҵׯ԰һʽ쾳磬Ӵ֮󣬿һ˳ΪͻͽҲ˺պ
Ҫ쾳磬һǷ𵤣򵥵һʽҲΪֱӵķʽֻҪǵ˰ʮ꣬˥ߣһ㶼ԳƽޣΪ쾳ġ
ֻǣ𵤲ôõõģǿϵڵſģߣһĺߣԵõ


318 ν
磬ͻ쾳򵥵ķʽھʮ۷֮󣬷һö𵤣ֻΪѵá
һö޵ڵɵģޣʵȴǼΪǿģһھʮ۷ĸ֣ˣֻҲδܹʤ
ѧʵһֻϵ޼ԻʤĿܣǷǳ֮Сġ
꣬һĹȥô޵ڵӵת֮á
ѰһİޣʵȻͨǿ࣬ǣھʮ۷֣Ҳδǿ˶٣һսĺ۷ߣɱ֮
޵һ꣬ʵһ츲صı仯൱һ㣬ʵҲ޼ġ
޵ڵƳ˽֮󣬵֮壬߱ԽᣬԽ쾳磬Ҳǽ쾳򵥵İ취
ֻǣ޵ݴﵽ֮һܹ֮һ㣬֮޴̥ǣ쾳֣ɱ֮
ˣһì֮ھʮ۷ĺ֣û𵤵Ļ쾳硣
ǣߣֻһ۷ߣοɱһֻϵޣĻοԵõ𵤣쾳硣
ԣìܡ
Ҫ⿪ѭᣬƣߺõһö𵤣߱ǿ𵤣һֻ˵ݵޣſܽ쾳硣
˷֮⣬֮Уһ·Խ죬Ǳ˫ԵߣԲ𵤶ֱӽ쾳硣
ߣʲô𵤶ͻƵģһЩھʮ۷ĺ˫ϵһĺǿߣĺ칦ɹͻƵ쾳硣
ռ䷨Ĳͬ磬Ϊĵ˫ϵǺ߽쾳һׯ
ֻǣׯôģҪһ취쾳磬Ҫһ߱ͬʱ˫ϵңĹڶҪŹھʮ۷ĵزһ㶼ܲߵͻ̫
У˵ģľ𡢽ˮȣĹһ˫ϵ
ַ֪ʽ쾳ļˣһ˫ϵ¾ûж˿㡣
Ҫ֪ߵʮֿصģܹʵѾˣ˫ϵʵߣϡٵġ
˫ϵʵߣѾǧһˣʵߣϡ٣˵һҲΪġ
ʹ˫ϵԵʣҪõӦŶѧҲǲ׵ģ׵ĺھһҺ֮УҲþеġ
ʹȫɣҪŹͬʱʮ㣬Ҳô׵ģһҵˣҪﵽھʮ㣬ʵڲ׵ġ
֪ߣһϰʮˣΪǿﵽ˺ʮ㣬ھʮ۷壬붼Ҫ롣
ϣͨ˻ǸģͺһĿҵģϾ
ϵȫɣôͿԳǿнһŹתΪһŵ൱ڰŹһ
ַ൱֤һޱǿƺľϣԶͻԭȵľ磬֮壬ճɹ쾳硣
˵ְ취쾳磬ֻǣַҲʵ̫ˣң߳ʱͻܹ̫òҪʮ
ֱʮ֮ʱŽ˫ϵĹʮ㣬ʱߵѴ󣬾̻ʧַͻƣֻ֮ո壬߾Ҫˡ
˵ǰʮ꣬ȻԽԽõģڶʮʱ򣬻ʮ꣬಻Ҫʮ꣬򣬳쾳磬ѶȱȻӴġ
ʹߵͳ˰ʮ꣬Ҳûвȵİ취ֻҪͬ˫쾳ĴƴźķΪ˼ӳ־жڵ𵤻壬㻹һ˿Ľܡ
ַҲһʮ̵ֿģͬ˫ϵ֣ôģʹˣҪ붯ǿҲ̫ܡ
ʹö𵤻壬Ǻһö𵤿൱һߵģö𵤣ȫԴˣαʹá
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٣鲻ԡ
ΪѾ˺۷壬֮񣬸ҪԶԶһھʮ۷ߣһЩߣֺġ
ֵĲǾĲֻ࣬һĤ֮壬ࡣ
磬Ҫ쾳磬ҪһЩʲô㹻ҲǲˣҪһЩʲôſԽġ
֮Уں쾳쾳֮ʱָ򣬷ûôأ𵤽쾳磬ҪֻҪǿ֮ĸĤ
Ϊ㹻ˣھʮ۷ĺ֣ǣ˫ϵߡ
˵˫ϵˣѧϵʮΣյģȻҲ˾񹦡浶֮Ĺ򣬵ǣδؾǻԵĹԣ˫ϵߵ·ӣûϷ


319 
ҫۣҲĴۣӨ͸â£֮ϣ·ʱ䶼ֹˣõׯ԰˵ۼµۼ
ʱ֣лҵׯ԰ʮְһľԺ֮Уȴһǿʵһơ
⸽лҵǶѾȵ˱𴦣ȴҲһ˶ûС
ڲԶ֮վǴԺľ벻ԶȲ˺һͻƣҲΪ̫Զˣ򲻵һͻơ
˲ı仯֮ʱѾоˣĿ⿴Ժ֮У૵һͻѾʼˡ
һչضоˣҲ֪ͻ쾳磬֪֪һγɹˡ
ǣΪΧ֮⣬лׯ԰ˣһûУȻܷĶ
һɾǲʼįˣֳһ㶯Ļһ񲻸ĵӣðɣǲòˡ
䡭
ڹעǱߵʱһ춯صľ죬һ±ըˣУһ˲䣬һΪһŵǿӿ
У޴ıըһ侲ҵϿմשߴɵľҶȻ޵ֿ֮ıȻɣƬݶɾ޴ŵȫƬԶ˳ȥ
ˣǱϸСʯͷƬĻҳûɢǱһصٿţͬתķš
ʱгһɾ޴ĺɫ磬ɢ˸Ͳҿǿˣƾޱȡ
쾳磬Ϣƾˣһǲģһ쾳֮ʱȻֳôĶ
ӴĶҹ˯֮ҲҪѹο˿̻Ǭ֮¡
л֮ˣڶ࣬ھʮĺ֣ڱըһ̣леλھʮ־Ѿ˸Ե⡣
Լׯ԰֮У飬лůлůǣȻʮеģһʱ˹
лůлůл֮Ψһ˰ϵл֪ʱĿĿŴлĳ֮硣
ȻԶȴͬʱеһɾ޴ѹָУָо̩ɽȴȻַһֳܹǰ־ٶ࣬Ҳκεķᡣ
һŪĶĹעѾл֮ˣӭУеĸˣлڹеĸ֣ĿһͻģȴʼһżĻɫ硣
һ쾳磬ŪôĶҲǵβγ֮ʱһʱӭȥ΢Цֵܣϲˣ˿Ľ쾳硣

ֹ֣ͩڣҸϣʮأѹеǶСҷκδһ
һʱ䣬ҵ˷ζԵ쳣ıͲգǴﵽ˶㡣
ҼȻ˵ʲôٶʹøеʮֳơ
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ֻǲ֪ԬҺͺؼҵĹϵС˺ؼԮǺһѾﵽ쾳ĺһ
쾳綼ûнףǺһĶ֣ҿ»֪Ѿһɱˡ
Ѿûҵ˵ټջһΪ򲻹һѾˡ
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ŭһɼҶֵΪཻʮ꣬ǵΪһ᲻֪ôǾԲ֮ǰѶ֮ˡ
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£κͷվû뵽棬һ˴ڵģ飬ǧ顣
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˵ɺϵʹõķҲ򵥵ģʹõķ߸ˡ
ռ֣ʿǶ׵ߣߺ߶һߡ
ܺһǰڵߣһ׺ڵߣߺߣܹ鶼һߡ
תһµĻ൱ڵߣ˫ͬһսǿҪӾ
ڷκͷ˵ʱĿһתĿԴ͸ǽڣǽһ㡣
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һĿ⵱˷κͷգû￴һۣûп
Ƭ֮󣬷ھ쵽쳣͵ת֮£ɵشʧɫ˫΢΢ͬװ˵ƵԾȥһ˲䣬Ѿʶģ˼֣˷յֱۣһѾԼ


320 
ߺͺߵʵȴ̫ˣֲ࣬ģҪɱߵĻǲҪ̫򵥡
߱ߣϢĽ÷κͷո첻Ҫ÷֪һֱֲ˶Էġ
ڷ˲֮󣬵һʱķӦǽ󣬱ԿΪ׻ġ
ߣƣƵߣڽֹ֮УǾкպģ̫á
Ƶͷ书ǿ֮⣬໹һǧ˵飬ڽֹ֮Уħġ
ǰãڻڹл֮УһºһͻƣҪһ£ϣԽ쾳硣
֮УҪ죬ҵĸܹһЩʲôͻˡ
Ҳ֪ǲޣܸ˺һͻƣȴûʲôջ쾳磬Ȼңңڣ֮£ֻм𵤵ˡ
Ҫ𵤣ɲô׵ģϵޣȷʵңңʹҵˣҲδǡޡ
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Ϊʮˣֻǣʥޣ»ûʲôʤģԣ絹Ҳ̫޼ɵ
ǡã֪ƵϣһܣԵõ𵤣ǣֱӸˡ
ڽֹҶ׵㣬вϵһʱˣ֪һǣʲôʱȴȷġ
ã첻ˣôʱ֮ڵˣ鵹ûеһʱ֡
ķ֮УůĻ¯̿ʢ÷е¶ĺȣֱͬ硣
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һɱǧˣݽ棬ƾȫǸʵʵ֮ˣֻбɱķݡ
֪Ƶݣκͷնη壬ȻȻҲǽŵҪһȴޱȣǰһӸ׵˳ƹ£صһݡ
һ̣һȻʱ飬ʱٶȿͷȥԴഥĿ̧ͷ֮ʱѾһƬѪ죬Ϊûʹھֵԭ
΢΢һЦΪΰҡ
ȻˣֶĽϣ£ֻܹպҹ̣ԾТ
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ǰһ䣬ҪȥϢաȷֵܣǲصǣӦȥǸͽȥˡֻ֪ʲô飬ȻûϢˡ
һ仰


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ԬҺͷǵжһֱ٣ȷֵһֱټȻһʱ뵽Ԭҡ
ͻؽͣµóƬ۵Сת˺üȦɫΪء
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֮ĬĬĻص˳ߣƺ˼ʲôƵģֳأ΢һģ¶ܲ˵ġ
Сʵˣʲôô
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֪һʮҪϢõһʱԷֱǵѣԣдһʡ
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ׯ԰֮ڣһһվΣׯ԰ĳСֵķɫ΢֮£૵ȻߵϢ˭ѵƲɣ
һ£䷨һչһֻһ㣬ׯ԰֮ȥٶȼ졣
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д󣬺޶аŭΪ鿴ҲһЩϲġ
ʵǿȴĻɵΪܺöԸǣȻԷͲˡ
ʶһ֮ʱƱȫһѵģһƵС
ǣ벻ǣԼŶԷҲˣ˫ֻһŹֵӡһԼ
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ǣɴֱֱȥְˣ⣬Ҳ뾪˺һɱˡ
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֪ǸرĶûʰɾɨɾûǸ
ʵֻҪҲ֪ôĶȼ޽𵤺;𵤿Ҫ̫ģлǿߵĽ𵤣Ȼ˵ǼֵҲΪġ
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չƤӣһĵͼĿ⣬һʱһϣ֪Ǳǲرľ巽λ֮ڡ
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ʧͬʱԬׯ԰ڵķһӿˣѸޱȵٶȣɶ
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һС֮УһĿ⣬ƺͷյʬȥ¶һ˿ɫ
Ŀɨյͷʬ֮ʱһĿ΢΢һУ˲Զͷ­֮ʱϳǷҵķա
ٿ֮ʱһһ¶ľ֮ɫŵĵߣ˭ɱȻôĸɴ䡣
ϵ¹۲Ƭ̣Ƶϣû˿ڣֻüĲλһСһ֪ˣƱɱֻһ
֮󣬺һԽãߵжôǿ󣬾Ȼһһ߻ɱ˵ʵ֮ǿǳ
˭ΪʲôҪɱУ˭ѵǷҵĿɽƲɣ
üͷԽԽˣһ¶˼֮ɫ˵


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֪رͼеڣǺͺɽ֮ڣǣ֪֪ҪҹȥȴҲ׵ġ
ʵ˺ͺɽڣɽ֮Ѱ˲ٵʱ䣬Ǵڡ
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Ϫɽϵ£һĨʶ֮ʱסÿһɽš
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ԣпܵĻûԸƻżܰĸо飬һָо
Ͽ֮У羰ʮһֿƮĸоң˸оʮʣ޲óУԸ뿪
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ң֮쳣棬֮У֮ӳĵطĲģܹڴˣߵΪȻǴкô
Ͽȵǰͷ֮ɽȵһʯڣһʮֹ⻬ʯڣǾֳʱĸƵġ
ңһʯڣвͬʯ֮һ޴ĿնңʯҲδ׷ϣһƵķӷ϶вͣš
ߵΪһľ֮ʮ񣬵ƾһ㣬ͿԷʯ֮쳣˵ʶȫԺĿʯ֮龰
Ǵʯ֮ǰ鵭һЦ˫֣ƽƽʯ֮ϣעʯ֮ڡ
ʯڿȥƺǳͨΧʯڲûж𣬵ǣʯûô򵥣ΪʯͷȻмǿá
õʯͷʹʯͷҲͨʯͷҲһϺõƱߵĲϡ
֪رķԣᳵ·һ㣬ڵıڤעʯ֮УеǿģʯҲ˳⿪ʼŹ̶ķƶ
ֶŵĹҲлصģŵķʽǰչ̶Ĺ켣ģǣһ¡¡֮£ʯͷԸԳı˿
ʯ֮һޱȣûһ˿ĶѨ濴ȥͨͨһƬӶڴ˳һëȻ֮С
߽˶֮У鷢ֶѨ֮ڵĵ棬Ȼǳϵƽ̹ƻĹʡһƽ̹
ڹʱƽ̹ޱȵʯͷ棬Ȼķһ򣬾רҵĹ˴ģй֮ܣһʯˣġ
һ·ߵ˾ͷǰһĵطתǸ֮ʱǰȴͻһ
ԶʯϣһСС飬ɢĹâΪڰʯͨṩĹߡ
ʵĹâǿңֻǵĹΰˣ֮⣬ģ˵ˡ
ǣޱȣֲָĵطǽĹΣ̫ĹâѾˡ
֮ͨУֹһ飬ǰʮҵľ룬Ϸʯֳһ飬ɢͬĵâ
˺ÿʮңһƵ飬ɢ˵ĹâͨǰС
ò˵һ֮ˣǴֱʰԷ飬ҹ飬ʹִᣬȻҹҲǺֵǮģһҹ飬һѵõıˡ
֮ͨУҹ飬ʮ֮࣬κ˼ˣóϣһֱʡ
ĿǰѾȱǮˣû̫ڽǮЩҹ飬Բģ֮ڸɾԲݵġ
ǰ黹ȽϿصĽǮѾˣչռ䣬ʵҪѡ
ˣɽ֮Уһ¿ռ䣬֮ͨûоͷһ㣬֮󣬺ˡ
οݹ壬رѵô滹ڿСɽ򣬴ﲻֹģ
˺ƴḶ́Ҫɹνʮּѵģڸ֪Ѿˡ
֪˶֮ڣǰĹȻٲʵĸо·һ֮ʱΪյ֮ʱ
ǰĶˣȻж죬ͷ֮ϣȻһ޴ˮ壬޴ĲɢǿҵĹâ֮ҫͬ硣
Ǹˮ岻СɢĹâһģâʮҫۣǿҵĹâе۵ĸо̫һ㡣
ˮɢĹâһҲѷɫӣʹվˮ֮£ܹܵԵϮ
ˮǱȴҲû̫أĿֻһɨ˲ƿˣ˶е
֮ڣһͨһȻĵطȴǷңֱͨĲ֪ڡ
΢΢Ӧһ£һͨ˽ȥͨľȻ̫̣ȴԶûн֮ʱǶ·̵Ŀš
ûã͵˴ľͷһڴĶѨѨķͨ˾סķһ


324 
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һˮӣ¶һ˿΢Ц¶˼ϲ֮ɫ
Ϊˮ棬ڷһɫףûһ˿һʵĵҩһۿȥ֮ʱԲŵҩ·ӵһ޷͵ӵǿƵġ
һˮеĵҩһ̣֪һ𵤣ңǱԵ𵤡
֮У߽Ƚ׵ķǷ𵤣ֻҪΪﵽھʮ۷ĵزһöӦ𵤣Խ쾳ˡ
һö𵤣ǱԵ𵤣ԣҲֻԹ˷ãſԽ쾳硣
𵤵ķãϸһ򣬲ܺҷãǣ˵ȫ⡣
ıڤıڤǰģԽͬתΪڤôͻ֮£ڤתҲδزܡ
һɣֻҪϰһűԵĹڤơ֮ģӦþͿˡ
𵤣һʯеЩؼ֮ȫ뵽˴֮С
Щؼ֮УǺھսؼؼֻѣһһһˮϵƷ
书ؼ֮ģǲ̫ӣյ񹦾ѧѾˣЩؼҲ࣬Ҳ١
ȻЩӵƽ̨ϣһ㹱׵߻ıңЩѾ̫Ҫˣǣܿеֵ
ʵѾ¶˾ģԺɵĽչΪΪֻԲԸⵥͨ죬±˿ơ
ĳЩ˵֮£δزߵʵѧͬɽˡ
ңѧΪѾ˺۷壬ֻһˣ϶һġ
һΪ֮ѾˣҪΪһţר־ɵΪ
һ֮еջȫɶ𣬲ʿ֪ڶڵһ򣬱ȻǸӵǿصڡ
ʲôҲģ˴ǰеĿ֮һҪȥһ
ȻͬͨĽ£Ƭ̱㱻һˣ̤֮ʯڵĵڶѨ֮С
ÿһ̤֮ľ붼һģһΪĿѾﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȣԲܹʶΪ
ִ֮ڼȭʦҲһģÿһߵľ룬һ㡣
ǧҪС˵ļѣһߣδؿģҲֻжƿأﵽһز֮ˣſġ
һͬһڴĵطֻͨľͷһڵģ֪ͨδͨ
ͬʱǸ֮ͨǰһ̵ΩΩФ
һ֮Уʲôһʱ䣬ĿͶǸ¶ϲ֮ɫ
֪ɺ̶ɣȥһӢˣ˫ƺһ˿Ĺʣл㾦á
Ǳ̶ɵģô֮˾ʦĵʦ澹ʲôԵĺۼ
˹񹤵ĵκ˼ˣ¶ɵ棬ǣʵϲǵ
ƺǻԲһ壬ûо˹Ƶģʵ񱾾ǻȻһģԣⲻǵ񣬶ǻˡ
һߵҺ̬˰ˣ֮УΨһһصĴڣֶ൱еĿܣȴвͬ
ǵʱ򣬶ڰ˵ӡ󲻴Ҳӵһˣԣˡ
סеĺ˷ܣǰһڵϸ˼£ֱһڸ弡ĸо
ֱԸоƤ̫һ㣬ûһůһֽһ㣬һĽɫ
ڵô˼£һ̣鷢֣ǸڶˣζŰѡ
˲ûдĶֻϢĽͷת˹һ˫ԱģûаĿңңԡ
֮£ǲ֪˵ϸˣͻȻ»һһЩ־ͨˣܱ
ǣϲ΢Ц֣ˡ
˵ң֪ģΪͰ֮䣬жõĹϵһ
⻰һ˵˫һˣ̽յƣڷޱȵĹâ
˵˫ۣһǱ˼˵ĳС
γľ֮УһͳĻˣʮֽӲҲûʲô
ҲǲԽģ˽Ӵʱ䳤ˣ˾Կ
ּΪţƵܻˣɵ֮УǱȽټģûС
ʹɵ֮УͨһЩֶΣƵĿܣǣܻ˵Чʺѡһġ
Ȼδ磬ܻ˲ҲһЩδƼ磬ҵȰ˻ҪȽĻˣǣĿǰռ仹ûչδƼ֮£ֻǰˡ


325 
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۲һ°֮΢΢һЦȤĵ
֮һˣһ֮ڣһɴӿ˫һ֮£ǰȥ
Ϊ֪˵ĵϸԣĳ֣ģ˿İ˵ֵסеȫкˡ
һûκλɵʽֻһײһûκλɵǿ
һƻȥһ̣żǿģʹԼ쾳ߣһ֮ӦҲģѷһߡ
ǰǰˣԣ˲ˣһˣ;мǿó
˵һЩ֮ۺʵ֮ǿǿ൱ڶ׵ˣڲ֮ʱҪսʤˣȷʵ̫ܡ
ʵڱ֮ǰӦûԵģ֮£ܵ˹϶ǻġ
ͻһƣľȻһֻ֣ƺûвһŵģǶô޴
˵ǰӳٶΪǣȴʵ죬ڣֻڿӲһ
һײ֮ʱ鵱ˣ̺ǿŰ˵ֱ۳ȥӡ
ıڤ˰˵ֱ֮Уоˣûκε谭ĳ˶Էֱ֮С
ͬʱϸĹ۲֮£Ըоڰ˵ڣûоĴڡ
ֱ̫ˣ˱Ͳˣֱ֮оѪ⣬ǲġ
˵ֱ۲֣ȴ֪ʲô֪ľͷ֣ǽ֣Ĳϡ
Ȼ֪˵ֱ۵ʲôǣһģľûκӰ졣
һɾûӰ죬ıڤʹͨ˰˵ֱ֮ڣҲһûõġ
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쾳Ϊʵ治ǰ˵Ķ֣ܰûκε߷ȴԲǿ
ˣ˳˺Զľ֮ĽŲͣȴԿѾ֮ϣȳһĽӡ
Ǭȡһŷһ˿עУ
һһֽɫĹâһ½УһɫĸĤ
շ䲻ʲôǿķǣҲǲģңһЩõġ
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һһ֮ʱоȻ֮ǿֱӸܣѾˡ
һεĳˣֵλǰֱۺƲһ㣬һֱֱֱȥģֱӭȥˡ

һǽ֮ͬըˣֻʯֱصײһһɿޱȵڶ֮伤
ֱ֮ϣǿޱȵӿ֮ǵڽշļӳ֮£ĸһľ
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ǿ֮£Ͱ˵ζܰȻˣǲԽĻһΣȴȹƲһ
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ԺǹӶǺƷԺ飬ڿɲȥģҲûá
һ̽˰˵ʵȷʵʿ֮Ĺͣûмȥ
һ֣ͣһûмȥͣŲ˿ģͬһĿ˹
ΪһˣǾûбģʱ˼άûУȫоƬ㣬ȫĻҲȽϽӲûô
˵ҪڰҵһƵĵطǱǰ˵۾ˣ˼֮ʱ۾гɡڹ̵ָ֡
㡭ܡǿ
һһ٣Ӱ˵Ŀ˵˳ȴǶ϶ģͣٱȽϴ󣬺һʱ䲻˵ͻȻ˵ˣһ͡
˵˵·Եֻһֳ˵֮ʱ˵ĺѪҺȵȣȫûУνǼžġ
˵ڣȻѪɵĸ٣Ҳ֪ɸоƬɵģһӴġһ塣
ʹ֪˵һЩϸҲһЩƻС˵ǣڰɵļãȻ֪ġ
ңǿԱεģóɸָһ״Ӧ˵Һ̬˵Ļ
ǣҺֻ̬һôγɵģ̺ʲôĿƼԭȴһ㶼֪
ҺãҲûҪ֪ЩֻҪ˺þˣ൱ڶһֶ֣Ϊ


326 
лֵĿ佱ʵҲ
Ц
˫֮Уٴ֮󣬰˲ʵʶҡ
ҡͷҲʶ
˼˵㲻ʶңô֪Һ̬һ˺š
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鲻˵Ҳûжʵ˼ƺһᣬǸǿ㡣
ЦЦȻߣǣΪչȻԶ
֮ǰ֮еģȻˣ˽շ飬ʹֻĹҲǿϲٵġ
˵֮ǰ֣Էɽɱƣֻһб㽫ɱˣɼ˫Ĳ಻С
˵ȷʵǿӦƾͲˣƲûҪѨǱֹˡ
˰ˣŽǸģ˵ȴǶ֮ʲôĻأǸأָľǰˡ
˵Ϳ֮䣬˵ţǿڵңսʤļʲ󡣡
鵹Ǻͷϵȷʵʤңʤңңһûȫһȫ֣㲻ҵĶ֡
˵˫֮УٴޱȵĹâ̽յһ飬֮󣬲ŵšϵһâһصʮǿһĶ֡
ЦЦͷֹȻֱˬȻˣҲСˡ
˵ţһ֮£Ǭȡһϸ֮£һʯͷһźСİɫʯͷ
ʯͷɲͨİɫʯͷһʯǼʻδʱǾһԴ
ɵ磬ǵô󣬼ʹ֮УõҲʯʯʯû̫Ĺϵ
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һʯһó˶ɫˣԣֻһˣɫ޷仯
һ̣˵˫ٴˣ˫ٴС̫һģеʯ
һˣûӦģǣڼʯ֮󣬺һ
ʯ
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ʯԸ𣿡
ʵ
֣֪ʯǲԸ㣬ǣȴԵ޹ʵĸ㣬Ҫۡ
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ôʱ䣬ڰ˵Ҳһּ尾֪ܲ尾һʲôоһʯһŹġ
ԣаգֻҪԼóʯһԽջΪԼĵһ֡
һʯԼѰҵģͨŪֵģδȫƿ磬ǣŪһʯûġ
ʯ֮У̺ǲٵģһСʯ㹻˳ʱˣͨŪֵĿɲ٣Сһ顣
Ŀйâ˸һ£˵һӶǿԽеȼ۽ṩʯ֮ҿΪṩг񡣡
ʵгʲôг񣿡
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˵
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ڻʲôģֻ֪һµĸڻĹԼһЩεĶ֪Դﵽʲôزһ֪
ԣʲô򣬻ϳȫķ֮⣬ǣȴҲ֪кôġ
ĿѧĶٿһЩС˵֪δƼ֮УĽǶڻļƻֻлԽԽǿˣʲŻԽԽǿ
ֻһǷΪֲģһĻﵽ˼ߵĵز֮󣬿ǿޱȣȽ
һ־ĽһЩδƼеĻ׺;ͨҪͨĻõġ
Щ·;鲢ûнӴԣ֪ʲôģǣ֪ĽӦǶԼкôģңôС
ֻĽϺϵΪչһЩôôӦò̫ࡣ
ܺô಻ֻ࣬ҪܹһôҲԸⳢһ£ңˣ˵ٶȾͿˡ
һЩǳ⣬ӦûôһĹϵӦûʺһЩٶȿһЩ
еĹâԽԽǿʢֳ˰˼Ƭ֮˵õģҿ԰ƻԴﵽĳ̶ȡ
Ѿкܴİˣǣ˴Ӧ黹ʮָ˵ģ򣬶ʵһ䡣
ңζһ̶ϵʣʹʱǰϼֵġ
еϲһ㱻ѹȥԤϵģϾҺ̬ˣԽΪĿصģʯԽ֮£Ȼġ
ңõʯѾˣΪˣ˽ĺôǲ


327 Һ
˿˵ֻǸڵһ˵磬㲻һˡ
֮УνҲһҲ൱߾еĻ滹һ졢ߺǿߡ
˵ռ쵽磬и߼磬ԵõĻȻġ
ʿΪﵽһ˼ľ֮󣬻ȻʮģһЩʿȫԽԼɷƵġ
˷Ƶģ֮ʱʿԱıȽҪӲǸʱʿĻѾܹˡ
һЩ磬ʿ֮ȫΪ壬ûˣ̸ϻˣԣ֮ģֻ˵ġ
Ŀǰ˵쾳һżֻҪĻŪ򣬱Խ쾳ˡ
ʵɵǰУΪﵽһľ磬õȫԽĻĳ̶ȣ쾳磬Ȼ⡣
Ƕ˵̫ףҪʱҲ̲ˣ٣ҲҪΪ𵤾ʿſġ
ȻнݾߣɴֱˣҲٵȴˣȻ˴ӦĽס
ڰ˵Ĵ֮£»صǴǴͨһʯ֮ڡ
ʯ֮Уǿĳ棬һʮ䣬ÿһ֮ǰ۾жһâűâһգϢĴˡ
ûκεϢоȻҲ첻۾ҲʶĻ֪ЩŻѾˡ
Ƕڰ˴򿪷ֶΣû̫ľ棬߿ƼֶΣ϶ǱȽϷģ⿪ֶΣȻ棬ǣڻУȴʲô
Ȼһ㶼ģȴҲ⡣
ھЩŵʱָһ£ҳʹʶ̽һ£Կ϶ЩŵĲǿʯһģһ
ھʮ֮󣬰һǰͣһɫĹâǵỮ
һ⣬Ӧһ룬һɨ֮£ǵĴ˿
Ŵ򿪵һ̣üͷɵ΢΢һ壬еһɺ̹ǣȻԶûдﵽܹ˶ĵزǣҲͨ˿Գܵġ
Ű˽ӣĿһתڷĽǣһƺ岻ϵĹΪЩ壬Żбһ
ȻƷӦǲģǳԵĶõ磬õط
һ̣˼άɢȻ뵽һЩŵ顣
˴󷽷ߵ˷룬һҲ˼һͱµӡ
˴Ƥӵһ̣һɸӺĶð˳ʹΪʵɶʱҲһ
ӹΪ֮࣬ڣа˸Ĵ󶴣жѾǿտҲȴһԲε͸ܣһֵɫҺ塣
ĿӵҺ֮ʱһָоǺͼ֮ʱһָоǻҺˡ
Ҳ֪𵤺ͻҺȻԸʵǣ߻żġ
ЩҺҲδõĻҺһЩδƼ֮УиָõĻҺޱȣʹЩҺ̺ĻҲҪ߹һεġ
ʹûҺҲô򵥵ģҪѪ飬ԻҺ΢ȻſԽע䣬ﵽ̶ȡ
Ϊ֪̣ԣ˸ԼʱʾȫԽܣûʲô⡣
ðɣǿʼɡ
ǣǰһһֻ֡
˰˵ĸ֪ҲһֻȥȴеĸָΨһʳָָⷺŴĽɫ󣬱ϸֳ
˽Ļ߳ڼԻеͷƤ飬ɲܹ쵽顣
ʹ飬֪Һ̬ˣҲȻое㾪㤣ͻأ뵽ԼһЩֲƬ
˵һ֧ͬһָĴһָֻ֮ϣһѪʱð˳˵ָٶһ䣬ǼͷȻѿһСӣһѪ˽ȥ
˵ĶΪȵɵ˿ڸǿԺԲƣһѪʳ֮󣬾Ҳκε˺ˣƻָԭһжûб仯Ƶġ
˵ֹܣսû̫ǣҲԲģ٣ȽϷ㲻ǡ
ðȥҽרŸɴ롢Һ飬ҽҪȫ¸ˡ
Ƭ֮󣬰˵ѾȫĻڿˡ
տɫĲƿӣ˽һͷֱ֮ϣȻ󣬿ʼע䣬ƿеɫҺһּٶȼš
ɫҺ岢࣬ܿȫڣƬ֮ӿһƬơ
ͬʱҲĸӦˣԼ¶Ѹٵţƺһ¯һ㣬Ҫ˳׷ڷı仯ǿ÷ݡ
ҺʹãһֶֽΣ˵һֽݾǣڽܻƵĹ֮ʱҲ¡
ҺڻãһִӸϵĸı䣬ȴҲͣõǣ鲻һˣȫ


328 ƽ
ԲԣҰããһƬ˵Զһʵ磬տ֮ϣȴֻжİתƯ
˵Ƶ˵ǣʵļõȴһƵģ٣һõӣϵİȴҲ١
֮£һƬ̲ݵأ̵Ĳݴԣڵ֮չ̲һõĵط
ƬݵصԱߣһ޴ĺԲСģһȥȻ߼ʵӡ
һʹ㲻ϻˮУǣҲԲСˣƴˮⶼˡ
һ˵ڻ˿ڶĵطǻξ㣬ǰεˣӦٵġ
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Ԫת֮ʱڵԶ˱ܣ򣬻ᱻԪͬġ
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Ϊ˹ֵĸֳ齨֮ϣȻһЩΣǣҲһЩȨġ
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ңʵҲģھγҶǵ֮£ĲٵʿһЩߣԼ顣


329 
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Ϊҵʮ֮СҲףһǿƨΪĻǲġ
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ȻȴζһɽʮСɽƺģô򵥲ˡ
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磬ǮȨȷʵ᳣̬ĸ֣ûʲôǮȨ˵ģǣռĳ֣һġ
鵹벻ͨˣԶľӦһˣôһ㶼͸
ǬҲܵģӸ߿񣬱ǱȽϿĵطſԣһɽ֮УľïܣɽƸӣԷֲͨˣصĻȷʵ÷֡
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330 ɽ
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ʮĵģǾγͷܣƽ֮ʱĴС飬Ҳɾγͷȥġ
ԶһǣȻ֮йǣһ㶼ǲ̫µġ
浱ٵʱҲҲġ
ңټǴ飬ֻƶѡ
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ԶγһȲҵæӦ˵һչһӰһֻһ㣬ǰݺȥˡ
˵ѧΪṦҲʹҲѷɫ̫ġ
ȿֺģǰɽ֮бжȥˣٶǼģı֮ʱҲڹע顣
֮УӦ˵ǱȽͨģƽʱɽ¶ˮģǣʵȴ˲ġ
ڱеĹ֮УĿ⣬ʱȥٶȲȴʮֵƮݣвġ
졢һͷܵٶҲǰ֮ʱ˺һʸһ㣬ǰȥˡ
˵ٶȼ죬ǣǶȫвſģ̬Ʈޱȣȴٶȿһ㣬Ǻġ
ɽ֮Уɽ֮󣬵ͷϵĹâһˣֻɼïʢ֦Ҷ֮䣬Ͷµĵߣʮǳġ
Ũ֮ܵУ֦Ҷ֮£һƬĺڰɫʣֻд֦Ҷ֮䣬һЩߣɫҡҷʱԿλ̵ɫ
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֦Ҷķ϶֮УһĹߣȻɢһЩɫһֱİɫʾ߲еһЩɫ
֮УһЩϢ֪ʱĿ֦Ҷڵ֮Ͼۼˣγ˺һ㡣
Щ֦Ҷʱ䳤֮󣬿ԿһЩµ֦ҶһЩЩͷˣŲϣȻ֨֨
ڳĶǸ֣ʵǼǿģʹƮ޺ۣȴҲŪʲô
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ԣ뵽ɴཫһޣĿǰǻǱȽʵġ
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һڵĳߣ֮УڵĻ֮£ֱ治ģǷоҲʮĻȻֲˡ
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һľïɽȣɽ֮ڣһʯڵķ򣬻һڲСĶѨԿвһЩæޱȵӡ


331 
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ɽȵܣɽ죬һܺΧ֮ƣɽȰΧһϷľ֦Ҷïɽȼֶˡ
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ԶչԼѧǲòˣЩչеıȫһЩػʲôɣǹں͸߱׵ȵȡ
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˶չ꾹Զһܣʮ־㵣ڲŵģ׷׿ѯʡ
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332 ӵ
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βһվͻȻһˣȫĺë䣬һĻ֮
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ͷû⣬ϵĿǺܴģЩչǰģΪȡսʱµһЩƷͷҲǽ֮ӵģһǼʮ꣬мӦûʲôϵġ
ɽ֮ϣûеɽ·ߣïܵĴ֮УֻһСббɽ֮Ӷȥ
һխģֻһͨеС֮ܳΪ·;Ҳ֪жپ·;ˡ
һɽӦǴɽʱʹõģҲ֪жûɽˣһ·ûеõܺõάһЩضΣȫӲûˡ
ԭҰ϶ˣӦñСɽģԿС֮УһЩĺۼ
˶Ǹ֣ΪģʵģҲﵽӢ۴ˮƯǧʵ׼ûɽ·һѸж
˰ɽ֮ʱ˵ĽŲͣĿԶϷɽСһֿۣһһЩѹéݺĶ֦Ϊ϶ĵˡ
˼˴˾׷׾õˣȴͬ磬ǵɱ֮ƣҲ˵ء
˵һ˵ȥǾ˻߻ɺ˸٣ɳһϢ뿪ǻ𣿡
鵭һۣԡ
ԣӦñ··ȥߣԶּ·©ˣƻչˡ
ܵĵ
ò׿Էһˢһ´ڸУĻᣬɲģץʱԼ뷨
ţĲּ·ˣȻ뵽ģԼȥһ£ûʲô֣ԭ·ؾˣԼǡ
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һ㶣ʮĵ
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ȻѾˣҲû취ˣֻӦ
һ˼ɽȥκƿԸնһ㣬һĨһϷ۶ȥˡ
飬žγܺԶǣɽŶԷĺۼȥ
ɽ֮ߣһ·һɽ·ʮխףǣɽֱɽϿٳ·ȴҪġ
һֲľĵطߣʮּѵģûһ޴ĿҪٳһ·ǲܵġ
ǰٳ·֮ʱһл𣬳Ľ֮ϣһķâĽâһºɨˡ
һ֣ӿ֮£ȫֵӣǣϣȴûǿϯƷƵӡ
ϣһֻŵĿɽɨ֮£ǰвȫһɨˣ¶һͨĵС
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338 ٲ
ֻҪǻˣֻҪǿǵģûû˵콣ģ֪콣ͷǼΪСġ
콣ʮǿᣬֻҪߣûвӵһ񽣵ģԣγϳеĳ콣֮󣬺󷽵ļˣһ˹
콣
ͷ
ԣγܺԶǣһЩ֮̾
ʵδûбңķƷףδر콣ģֻǣͷû콣ġ
ֳ콣Ƴһǰһ·ֱײģʲôֹǰĽŲֺ
ʹ·;֮лһЩߡЫʲôģڽ֮£Ҳֱӱɵˣһš
֮£нٶȻܿ죬ûã𽥿ǰˡ
ԭҰϴͷһ·ǰУٶҲģǺĿĵӣӦѾȷĿĵء
ΪʶãʹеԶǣȻԾ쵽ǵĶ˵Ļ
ֻǣｻȫȴеһЩ²֤ʵ
ԭҰչˣ˵ʮǣͷӦһ𣬾ȻҲ˵ʮӡ
ȻǣҲ˵ӵԣķİһЩʡ
ͷʮִ죬չ˵ﲻµӣֻǣеǳûù
ͷһʮûгӵˣȻ˵ô˵չûйϵôŵġ
ңͨһ۲֮黹ˣǶԭҰڴͷǰУͷΪָ·
нʿǰ·ͷм䣬ʱ˵ڸָ·ԭҰ

ǰƬ֮龹Ȼ˿˿ˮһٲ·кֱǧߡ
ǰһ֪֮Ǻ񣬶ɽһߣȷʵһٲ
⵹һ澰ɽİɽϣһ޴ٲ·䣬ɽϷˮ·һѴ͵һ·ɳˡ
һٲȲ®ٲҲȲһЩ͵ٲǣˮк֮µĴҲʮĵġ
Ҳ֪⴦ɽ֮ϣһˮԴȻϷۼ˶ˮһ·¡
ٲĸߵģϵ£ǲٵģٲһҵ·һˮ֮У˳ߵͷ
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˵ȫ̶˵ģһ仰Ҳ֪ǵǸʲôǲĵ˵ط
ٲǱȥˣСӣͬʱ黹󷽸ŵļ˵쵽طˣСһЩҪǡ
õģû⡣
ԣСһЩ
ҶСһЩ

γԶͷǣһӦʮֽģͬʱµĶҲ
һǰٲǱжȥˣٶȻʮ֮죬ղţҲ˶ٵӣǣֳĶȴһСġ
˽ǰ֮ʱǰٲ˵϶¶˲֮ɫγСﾹȻһٲĪǣǵĿĵر
ھγɻ֮У˼ǰ˽ǰ֮ʱһȽϽĵطȴֿԺܺöصĵطעǰٲ
ʵһ˵ĻȫںԶľ۲쵽ǣǼͲˡ
ԭҰϺͷָָһ֮ڣ˶Ķǳϵġ
ٲıԵһ˽ȥ·ˮݵıԵشٲʯڳȥ
ˮ֮УΪֱµٲȻʹˮеˮݣţǣԿϵӾȷʵ
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ٲʯȻǴֱľʮȣǸ¶ȴҲСģſʹˮһֱַǧߵĸоҲ֪ˮĳǲСġ
ϵһ嵽ٲ֮ǰ˫ץסʯ͹ʯʯ֮ϣеʿҲһ̲ʯ֮С
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ץסɽʯԼ£⻹꣬ٲµˮ֮ϵһΣһһ㣬ٲʯˡ
Լٶȣžһٲʯ֮ϣϺһֻڻһʯڡ


339 Ѩ
ˮ֮ȥٶȿƼģˮµĳǿһĳ̶ȣһ˿Գܵġ
ϵб֮ϣӿˮ£һӿ֮ƣһˮ֮УԻɼ뵽·ˮ֮С
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һ֮£¶˼Ȼ֮ɫ˵Īǣһˮ֮һѨɣ
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һˮĺ棬ӦһѨ뻨ɽˮ֮ͬңҲԳжϣչˣĿĵرˮĶѨ
뾭γԶǿµĲͬġˮ֮һѨĸоȡ
һ֪ɽ֮УȻܹһˮ̫Ծˣȴ֪˴ѨǺʱڵģȻγɻ˹ھġ
һչ˷ѾǧģɲģΪһʲôȻǲʲôһڲصĵص㣬ã⴦ѨӦþǵġ
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ڻʲôǣδͳѾһģ飬ǳ˶ԭҰͷ
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ףǸչأôˣ
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ԣһлذ
ңһҵġ
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æ˿ڽǧƽ׵ĶѨ֮ҪǷʲôصĺۼ
һˣ棬Ե޹ʵʧֻҪʲôһºۼ
һѨһȻγɵĶѨûмٵĺۼʹϸѰңҲҵ˹ĺۼ
⵹ҲûʲôֵģȻ棬ͨ˿ģʹһЩΪʿҲδԱȻ֮
һѰ֮ʱڶѨǽ֮ǰˣһּٶȣǽȫɨһ֮գͣһǽ֮ǰ
ȻγɵһѨû˹γɵĺۼǣվص㣬ǽھȻԵΪ⻬
һƽƽǽڣΧЩʯڣһЩֲڵļ󣬶ĵһǽȴԵһ⻬


340 º
ǳ´һȽϷյĻ֮УѨڵǽں͵棬ԼմȾһЩҳԵЩ糾͵ӡ
ΧȫǰһСƬطҳҪ࣬ԳһЩ⻬ĺۼв֮
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Զ͵ȻȻҲγһͨȻΪ޽ġ
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һǲ֪ǺõʱһЦҺҴֵͲ
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341 
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342 
һĵºȷʵ˳֮УǣȴǵΪֹھ˳ֿ֮һǰȥˡ
ڳľͷ¿ռҲѾ˾ͷǰһʯڣûмǰĵطˣʯڵ·Ȼһ°ӵĵ°ӡ
ˮԴʯ·ʶȻǰˣˮ಻ˣȴȥԸԾˮ֮У·ǱС
ξΨһĳ֮оγԶһͷ˳ıԵõϿӳ졣
Ȼһֻ̣һˮ֮£ϵΣһ³˳һǣһŵϵһץȥ
ڳԱߵĵ֮ϣԿһСһץǸС֮ϣæʲô
ߣҷ
˳ϵˣγϵĵطһ֮£㵽һץ˹ȥ
ϵĶģʱѾǹ˳ǣδȵж֮ʱγѾɱ˹
һֻնȭһֿ֮ƣȥˣȻˡ顱һ죬һɿˡ
ʱ˿̣ѾǹˣԾγһȭֻһ߳Ҫһȭ
һţһ߳һɼǿһ֮߳ˣһɼ磬žγȥˡ
顱Ȼһ֮£ȭཻ֮ʱһǿһ²ˣ֮伤ˡ
γΣ˿ûܵӰһ㣬ǰΣ˿ֹϵһţԾγû˿Ӱ졣
γΣûһ˿һͣ٣ʹһ֮ʱҲû˿ͣ٣Ȼǰȥġ
ϣȴоһɼǿײƱһһײˣϵһײˡ
ʹαײˣȴȻסǱǹͼҪ֮򿪣򰡸
ϧҲûǸˣΪˣһԾ֮£ڿշһ㡣
һֻץסϣһ½еǹжһƣϵϡ
顱һһĻϵϣϵΣһ´˵֮ϣҵ˳ϵɽʯ档
һƣʵģûнϻɱǣһ֮ҲԲġ
֫ſɵڵ֮ϣϵһ˫۾û˽һ㣬ô㶵ĿϷ
ңԿϵǲλһ˿˿Ѫ·𽭺ˮڲϢ
γһ鼱ʵ磬㽫ɱˣ
γ֮ЩǣǺˣǻûŪЩչ˵ĿģȻϣôˡ
ûһһء
ԣγһĵĵͺˣʳһЩˡ
ȴδҪ룬Ѿµǲضλˡ
˵ţ˫ûεĿǰĳߵ˳ıԵʵˮҺ
磬ö棿
γʵ
ͷӦò棬ղţǸչһѰҶԣҲԡ
ܾĻЩףǣղȷʵڳѰʲôӣҲֻˡ
Ӧ֮󣬼˷׷ˮڳͬҲģǱˮףĴ
˶书֣ʲôĶû⣬ȫԣҪˮ´ţһʱұ֤Сʱûġ
һػһʱҲûзʲôԶһ¶ˮ棬˵磬ôʲôûз֣ǲûвʲô
½½ģҲˮ棬һ²ЩˣԼЩͷˡ
ӵʶǣˮµĻ֮ʹãҪһЩۿ۵ģҲ֪ײҪײ֮̽ȥ
ʶһ˵֮£ҪѰʲôǸӼѵģΪʶȷʵܴܵѹơ
ҲǲӦ÷ҪúһϵʱͻȻ˫֮һƬ˸
ǵһ¡
γ˵һһǱˮУųײһǳȥƬ̱ӽˡ
˳ײһɽʯһڿ࣬һʯͷķ϶֮Уһӡ
һ֪ʲôʵġӣ˺ףô鶼Ӳ򵥡
ˮа˼£ɢ࣬ٲɣһ֮£Ϸٵĸȥ
һּٶȣųϷȥˣһ̣һˮ˳֮󣬾γǵĿ⣬һʱ䶢еӡ
磬ҳģ
ǸӣԶ¶Ծ֮ɫ
ʱ˿̣Զ治֪ôԼˣԼŸո˵ûʲôҳһӣֱǴǰážžġ
γûô뷨еֻǸˣʮ˷ܵĵ̫ˣ̫ˣҵ˶Ǵ˴жǲˡ
ȷʵʲôֻҪҵչҪҵĶһεжѾɹˡ
ܸǼ͵ĵ磬Ͽ򿪰ɣǿʲô
˶Χ飬еǸʮֺ棬ȴûע⵽һû˹ܵѾָһЩ٣ѾתԴˡ


343 
һӱóʱѾðϣ¶˽;֮ɫҪ
֮УһжʮҪĶǿȻҪ
¶ȻóһֱһĶת֮󣬶顣
Ӳŷ˵ϣ龹ȻоһΣΣ󣬵ǣҲϢġ
һת΢΢ƫͷ֮£鷢ϵС˫΢΢һ֮£һָ
ಡһĺХ֮£һĽһ¼ˣޱѸݵٶȣϵԴϡ

зһڣϵ˫һ֮£ֱƨˣԴ֮϶һѪһɹɺҺʶˡ
ͻȻؾٶȻ˾γԶǵע⣬Ķ֮ҲһЩµġ
Ȼŵһֱ֧ʣǣû˻Ϊһֱ֧ʣȻһ֧ǹ
γɫˣŭĵдչǸҪ붯֣
Զǵ˱˰ɣһ֪ôļһ
ϵҶûô⣬עڵϵϣȴĶ
ӽرպţ滹һͷҲ֪ˣǸͷѾˣ⼣߰ߵġ
ͷӣ֪Ѿ򲻿ˣңʹԴ򿪣ҲûԿףֻʹñַˡ
ٴεһָ񽣵Ľһʩչڡ顱һ֮£ͷˡ
һֻͷ֪ʲôʵͷɣһָ֮£ǵֵסģֱӱŪˡ
Ӵ֮󣬿Կ֮УණһЩļһҳҳļ
һļ֮⣬֮УһԹһĶ˼ˣЩ⡣
չǰģ˺ôνǧģ˲ˣΪѰһ
ڣ˶һڴģڴ֮Уʹʲô鱦ҲҪһſԡ
˭룬֮УûʲôȻֻһļһ֧Թܣôβʧ
ʹʧҲҪһ£Щļʲôǣһҳҳ
һҳҳ֮£鷢֣Щļ治򵥣ǼصһоԹооĳɹ
ԭʮǰսʱչڻĴϺ֮ʱڶʡܵоأǽоġ
ڿսһʱ䣬չۼҪˣ㽫ܵоŲȥ˴ɽ
꣬չһأûбһЩоԱչһЩоԱһֱ
Ҳ֪ǶõоǵоһЩһֲɱԼһֿɴȾĲ
ֲһҲеǵ߷ţһ͵ĲĲһȾƣҪ
ȻƼʮַδزоƵķǣڿսǸֲֻҪųȥɱ֪ġ
ļһЩϣˣ滹һŵͼԵչоҡ
ԭˣЩչ˵ĿľȻЩҰİ
еļ֮󣬾γŭڣŭĹâȥϣ޲ȥһš
γֱ֣ڳ֮ˣָоΪһˣûԺУڼչΪ֮չŭֱΪˡ
ڷйһŭ֮γˣγЩļ֧Թš
ļԹ·棬齫ӵݸγûƳ٣ֱӽ˹
ںӵʱѾһֽӡһŵͼͨоصĵͼ
˦˦ϵĵͼͨǸоصĵͼ˵˵ҪҪȥ
Ҫǻǹȥɣ˵﷢ָϢ˿
γ˵Լ̬ȡ
ܽŵҲͬȥô꣬ＴʹʲôأҲѾˡ
ڼ˵һ֮ͬ£Ҷ뿴չо֮У׻ɥĲĳ档
Ҳ֪Щչΰ쵽ģͨоص·;Ȼڵ°ʯ֮Ӷһ֡
˷׷ˮʯ֮£ǰѾûͨĵºȥһУǰһ
ڵ֮ͨУȻʮǣУһֵͲǿԾһЩ΢⡣
顢γԶ˵º֮ɫɱøƵģңˮ£ֵͲҲˡ
֮ǰѾ·ͼһ飬·ͼҲͱˣԣʱں֮УֻƾԺеļ䣬һֱǰȥ
ʵ·ͼӣϾڵصºҲûôķֻ֧Ҫ֪һµͿˡ
ǰϵζֻһ󡰻ĺˮ΢΢ǵΣǸ
Һã°֮Уûǰ׶ˮһ·ǱȽϷƽ˾ġ
ַƽ˾֮£֪ǰ߳˶ڣˣǰˮһˡ
ˣҪطˣҪ׼ˣҪǰȥ
˵ĶУĺĳһ㣬һĵ


344 
ŵͼ֮ϣصĺºһʵǰо֮УȴǸĵˡ
о֮еıϾֻС֣󲿷ֻתˣԣеף֪ºһô¡
һ֮ʱֻƾԼѾ֪ˣǰӦĸߡ
˵Ǹ·֮ʱ鵱жˣһԾ֮£һּǿ֮һ˵ºˮ
ڡһ֮£δӵº֮Ծҷһ·֮У󷽵ľγԶͷǶģһС
һ˵°֮óԼֵͲǰһ֮£Ĺâһ»ˡ
ֱ۴ֵһһˣǰһնȥɼҲһͨȴ½ϵͨ
ͨǰǰԽԽѾԿԵ˹ۼˣ֪ʲô취ٳĵ¿ռ䣬ĺۼʮԵġ
Եĺۼ֮£ǰͨҲԽԽˣ𽥱ĿˣһСĵ¿ռ䣬һֶˡ
»֮УʩʲôģǱȽϼªģ֮еʲôȫʩһûеġ
ҲǣʮǰƼʮֵķҪõ»֮УܹһЩ߿Ƽķʩǲܵġ
ͨľͷ֮ʱֻһʯŶһƽʯŴ֮󣬽뵽˻֮У˶һġ
ֵͲĹâֻһգԿˣڵ֮ϣһЩмһЩطȻһЩɭɭİ׹ǡ
ϸĹ۲죬ԿЩɭɭİ׹ǣö඼ȱ첲ȵģһЩ׹ȫķѣһΡ
֮УһЩ֮ģһ̳һĲ֮Уһͷ棬һЩˮա
һЩ˫һˣ뵽ģڵӾ͵Ӱ濴ģһЩӪҺԽ˵һЩٷ棬һʱˡ
ּȽϸ߼ʮ֮ǰҲδûеģԣһ鵱ŭˡ
ģԣЩչǺԡ
еչ˶һûϡ
ˣԲˣЩչȫˡ

ое顢γԶǵϣ¶˼˷ŭ֮ɫ޲ûΪޣضеչȫɱ
һʯй۲һȥһʯңһȥûһ䡣
ָоһæ䱸Ƭ֮ʶˣⲢʲôΣգʲôҪ͵ϮԼʯұġ
ʯҵķΧȻʯҪԵøΪ䣬˴УоʮֲӦ
һʯе龰鵱֪ˣĸоǴӺζģΪһҡ
꣬սʱչڻ˵ˣµĶֱۣ顣
Ľżʮ꣬չڻķµУȴѾһЩˣ˵ڹҵƷϺ֧ܶչӵģȻչҵ򹤣ϰ¹
ģǧڹŴʱ򣬶۲ģҵļǼӲޱȵġ
ǣʱ˺ʧ˽Ǯ֮УһӦþе£ȻûˣȻһЩչ˵ƨūϥʮֿߡ
һֱͶչ˲ڼоַ֮ŭɱ⣬Ǵﵽ˶㣬޲ýСչȫ
Ҳ̫аڷŵ̾ȴ٣йϻʵȵȣʮ˰ĥ˵ĶӦоУ鶼۽硣
ʱʴ֮£Щ̾ߣѾѿԭģˣʵ⼣߰ߣľʵҲ˸ıԵȫǸõĺۼ
֮Уһõļϣһ߰׹ǣһ˫΢΢һˣǰȥϸϸ۲졣
һ߰׹ǶôȤǷһЩ˰׹ǵֱ֮ʱиŭ
ߣдչǸ
˫΢΢һУɱ˸һߵ
ǰһչ˵Ļһģչ˸ɵǶԲˡ
磬ôˣ
һᵭȻ鶼ŭˣ߽ҵһһ㶣ʵ
׹ǵֱһָһ߰׹ǵֱϣԿһЩʲô
һдŲ죬ȥһҲǵɫģЩչǲ̣ȴ֪˭֮ʱȻôʹࡣ
֮ʱһģʹ࣬һ˿ģΪ˵һ˫첲ѾȫˣҲ֪̿򣬲ſһġ
ʲôݵǲҪˣֿܹ±ĥˣһǵ껪ĵӢۣӢʵǸĵ߹Ȼ٣ǣĬĬӢˣǣŽ˻ġ
һʫ˵úãΪʲôҵкˮΪƬأˡ
ΪĸĹϵ顢ЩѾʧˣǣ飬ȴһ㶼ʧɫġ
ӹ˵úã֮ߣΪΪһĳǰɶ񣬼ȻԴˣȻҪ¡
£һʱǣΪΪӦûǿԵģ֣飬ҲԴԭ
ǰյĻģǧǧǰӢ۵ѪģǱҪغãùռһˡ
γǼĵ


345 
չ˵ж׷鵽ǸɥĲо֮ʱѾʽˣ˴ظ
ȥ֮ǽļԹϽ˹ңֲʲôûΣҪרҵԱȥоûϷġ
˷֮󣬻ĹٳҲ˲С𶯣Щչ˿Ǳ뻪ģôĹ˵û֮ͨˣǲܵġ
һβ̵ʱ䣬֮úõϢһ£˯һ֮󣬾עһʱš
棬һŮڲ˵ǵϺ飬չ˵Ϻǵ
磬һ洬˷ˣڵϺȴ⵽չ˵Ľٳ֣ķʹշ桭¼ķչ뿴̨ĺ
һһ۵ȴŭŵıӣһȥžһˤ˵ϡ
ģ
ˤ˵ϣνŭˣŭĴһ¶˼ǿŭ⡣
ôˣôˣ
˽ʵ
ĵЩչˣȻڽ˵ϺǵǸ
಻ˬĵЩչ˾ϲҾãӦøһɫơ
˼һ£΢΢ͷҲӦ

פص·һһһãץһЩƻӣȫ
Ϊǳפضǽܵһֵܻأԣڼ֮УûйѺˡ
̫ȴҲ㹻ˣϾ֮Уɲκ˶ʸ񱻹ģֻһЩΣշӲҪ
ʱꡱһ֮£Ŵ˿һ߽飬ڿţһͨƢ֮󣬱ˡ
뷨֪֮ǻ߻Ҫ֮һչûдӦ
γԶǵ书ȻǣִҲδؿԵֵЩʮǿ
չľʵҲִУĵɱȥбԱȴδصġ
ңҲ֪δԸȥе˼Զ¾͵һͬ⡣
Ҳû׼һͰôԼҲһԤԣɴԼˡ
˼֮Уһη棬Կʮֿտֻһˡ
ò˵ǲʹһη˵ǹ̷ģǣǲġ
һЩ֮Уʮּͬﲻɾ࣬ңִʩȱġ
η𣬲ǵ䣬η֮леӡԼ䣬ŵǣһС͵ĳ
ڴʱһںţǽõļһҪ÷ие顣
ʱηеһˣԼĴϣ˫һգգĿӣǽһ۾񰡣ʹˣҲûвӡ
ηеˣռ֮У֮Ƶģ֮һѧΪǼǿģѾﵽ֮һĳ̶ȡ
𿴾γԶǣĳƺʵ֮УҪ书ǿģʤһġ
鱾Ҳûôģʹ˳ͻҲһ£ǣ̫ˣҰҲǲСġ
˲֮£ռ֮УĴһϢ˵һҪɵģȻˣȻǲġ
ãҪ齨飬ˣЩʱ䣬һֱر˼еģΪ
ʹõķɲǵѨַһɷ֮ģʹһֱòΪ
ʵһССηǾԹزסģǰγԶͷǣǵģһֱҪҪϵȴûͬ⡣
ʵǿޱȵģԱģֱңܹʵȷʵףԣûкֵġ
η֮ǰͣη֮⣬֪ˣһԼֻǣûбֳѡ
ΪȻѹˣʵûȫӶǣǰѧڵģֲܷ顣
ȻεĻȻֲ˵ģǣһΣ֮ʱûпѹƺصģβˡ
ﻹʮⰡ
η֮վһû˼ֻȿˡ
֮ûзӦһ㶼û飬ɫ΢Щÿģһ´ηţ˽ȥ
ѾˣٲӶˣɵڴϵΣһվ
ʹûΪʵʮһˣǣǰһЩϰߣǱŵģֱվ֮ʱһ˱ǹһ㡣
ǰһˣϰǿѧʵ֮ǿǾޱȵģһֱϰߣŵġ
ʲôҪҵЦ𣿡
Ŀ飬Ǵһ˿ƵЦ⣬˵
ı鿴ƻʮƽӣǣԿַߺ޺Թ
ռ֮Уˮģ֮Ĵڣռ֮ǿĴˡ
ʵ֮ǿνǾ춯صģǣʵγԶҪʤһġ


346 չ
ռ֮Уǿʵܵ˵𾴺;£Уޱȵġ
ʵ֮УҰĲΪһۼ֮λֻһ֮ңˣǣȴѹ
Уķŭǿ֪ģֻǣ֪Լʵ֪ԼĶ֣ʹк⣬Ҳֻѹֶˡ
ˣǣ黹ǿˣĺ⣬ضµĺ⡣
ʹֺ⣬ȴģԼƣԲԱģԣһ㶼ĵġ
ɨһۣ鵭ĵһӴȥɻ
üͷ΢΢һ壬һֻɵĿ⣬ʵʲô˼
ץļ֮УѾ׼Լ³²ôõģ㲻õĻġ
ʹֺһԱסǣһӶҪļ֮Уԣһ˵֮ʱˡ
֮£Ȼ鶼ıģԣпǾ赽˼ġ
˫΢΢һ֮£֪лɣһʲôıǣѾֵزʲôͼıĲɡңһĻᣬץסĻͲˣһΣûôõĻˡ
һ˵꣬㵭ĿһҲżӣϾڴƵĵλ
ּƻȻһЩģǣûеĻһȥҲδزġ
ϣɫòģһֳ˼֮ɫ֣ɼһЩġ
ðɣ˵ɣʲô
һ˼֮ʵ
Ͼһˣܹ֮󣬿ҰģҪΪİ϶һ˵ġ
һˣȻ֪ŶԼģΨһһᣬ뿪ĻᣬȻġ
ãʹ죬Ҿ˵ˡ
鵹Ҳûп˼ĵϣȥչһˣչŪһֻҪˣұ뿪

չһ˺֮Ϸ֮ʱһ֮󣬷ɻ·ȥһ֮Уɻ䵽˻ͣƺϡ
ӷɻ֮ϣһ꣬һʮ꣬ʮӢȴһӢ֮
˻վһһ֮ܵǰȥһӡ
꣬ǰչʹ֮£òǰչһЩɼȡԼɡ
һͨˣزĵطô˵չ϶еãģǣȴû˿ָо
һҾƵ꣬סһ֮󣬷ַ֮вûͷͼ֮ģŷ
ƵҪ˷ʳʱڣ˶ˣ߷ߵĵģǵùȻչһٺ÷ԲߣΪɣҲŲģһסġ
˼ΣеŭѹһЩüŵ˵ȻҸģһɱ㡣
߷߲ƽãȥԡңϴһˮ裬Ȼֱ˯ˡ

չһ֮أһУǵƺ̵ģ־ưɡϴԡ֮ĵط
չȽϳĺƽ֣һЩѹãҪйչˣһ¡
һЩҴ̼꣬һЩȵȣǰһԵΪӡ
չ죬Ҳ̽˴µ飬һյİʱ֣һ֡
ںƽֵģһҹܻʮֵչͷȽݵˡ
Щһ㶼һͬص㣬ڵ߶ڵһϵġ
չͨ˲֪ǣطһҹܻᣬʵȴչɽھһҪݵ㡣
ҹܻ֮ǰֱһ֮УЩŵı֮ģҲûʲôٶֱȥˡ
ҹܻȻȽͷǣҲģһκ˶Խȥģǣ˵ڶͲһˣҪضĻԱ
һҹܻ֮Уֳһֵƺ̵ֱ֪ģʮָ˵ӡ
ĴȻҲʮ³ǣ֮һֱһ侲̬߲
ڵһһ£㷢˵ڶڣξĵ￿ȥˡ
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ҹܻĵڶ㲻һȻ֤ĵطڶ¥¥֮أ˿ء
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347 ɱ
չһʮ͹ңഫǻĹʱ츣ǧͯͯŮġ
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Ҫ˵ϣΰõȻǻˣһʮϸĹңڻûĸ
ҲĲãȽ̰ǣʱҵĶңҪ΢ǿһЩġ
չ֮УռλڵҲģֱĿŵĴڣ˵ɽ飬չΪǿĺᡣ
ң˳ǣչľȻͺڵϵ˵һеţǣϵҲǲġ
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348 
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ڽͷɱ֮УһһһѲ˵ɱʮ˵ģսӦò
ǣûǿᣬ˿νŵҪ֮ʱ嶼΢΢ˡ
һأǿһ𣿡
΢˫۾ס·׳꣬˵
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ͷ˵ЩʲôͻȻ˫һµˡ
׳еһˣڴʱСһֱֻ󣬺ʲôӣǣһֻֻδ֮ʱѾˡ
ڣִԼļƻǣҲû뵽ЩһﾹȻ˵Ĳʶô
ȻǾȥɡ
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ΪѾˣʵǿƼǿģһ֮߳ʱϵǼǿġ
һ֮Ǿǧ֮ģһ׳ϣһ½׳߳һˣ߹Ƕ˺üġ
С֮߳һţԱǸûж׳Ҳһˡ
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ϵĲԱȴʮģԼĽͷǳ찡
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350 
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ڰ֣ĵûϵ⣬˭вʱ򣬻𣿡
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ʯڻѱϣֻ֮£ҲֻܹñĿ񣬵ĸй
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˫ʵԱȣɽҲںǶԶĸоܺãȫͻˡ


351 
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ĸֱ֣ҵѪǻʮֵ͵ģֵ͵˼ݻ
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ʱǰ˼ʢ¥ǰ¶Ըһɱ
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㲻УҺǰ֣ÿáص
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ʱݶϵ֮⣬Һͺ󷽵˶˽˶ԸھǱߣԸʯ飬ʣµ׼ʢ¥ߵĴ򶷡
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ʯĺ˿ԼĶǸСʿвмͽȻȥɱˡ
ʯ΢΢һЦʹ֮ǰԤõСʯͷƿշɳļӳ֣ʹСʯͷԲ˼ٶ˺˵Ŀڡ
˼ʯ·Цһ㶣Ҫ䱸ͼһӰƿնƿ֮ܣСʯͷؿڣ䵽Զкɺ֮󣬾˵ˡ
ڳ嵽ǰһˣ³Ҳò˶٣еĳһ£ûжӣǣһ֣˵󾪡
Ժ˵һֻƮƮ̧һֻһֳֻצ֮£һɼǿзˡ
ǹǿ֮£˸оԼֱ۶ˣԼָӣһת֮£ȻԼɱˡ
ۼԼĳתһȦԸ졢ٶȣԼײˣ˴󾪵ģҪܣȴܲ˵ġ
飡
͡һ֮£һ󵶣ײ˺˵ϣһ˲䣬˵İ壬һն
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Ž˻ɱˣʯĿһת֮£ɴնɱ˶֣е΢ȵģʵû뵽龹Ȼһ֡
ʯȵĿ˹֮ʱ΢΢ͷˣʯҲæϴЦ⣬ͷ
ʢ¥ú˶˽ŲȱŲæȴ𽥼ǿ˹ƣڹͱС٣ʱٲȭʹȭСȻռ˵ҲӲӣʹ˸־չζ
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ʦӣеĻʮֲģӡ֤ʦͽĵǣҲδûһЩĵӡ
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ͯӰԼ˵أʱд󿪴׼˺ԼԵеĺˣ˭֪Էḻ׼м꣬ζ֮׼һ̴ӰСȻ˳ֵѨ
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ش󺣻ŮսˣѾ˼˿ڣһͱһ˳һ˺塣
ֽҪӽĿ⾪ֵؿź˳Ϯʱһƿƺ㣬循ֵĿ⿴˶ͷȻһѪȻһСʯӴз˳б˼ϵȥ
˵ĳǰز磬ȴǰͷġ׵ӿˡ顱Ȼء
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353 
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ô˵ʯҲе֮ʿЩˣ֪ǿ˶٣зԼӳ֣ʵȻǿġ
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ȻЩ˸ӲУʹɵʵֻ֮һԽЩŰɱġ
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354 
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֮ʿսƻǼΪԵģһŽշܵҲκβ˵ģϾͺĸо
СһֻҪʯЩ΢ܣ׼ǸǱӿʱֵо·ԵͬʱСġĺʱٶ۵Դ˼Сʲôͱʯһƻţͷ­ˤһ˿
պСġͼСĸֵʯĲӵֱʯһƴͷ­ʱֱð²ԥתʩչṦҪȥ
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355 
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ԭȴѧؼȱֱݣȻԼǿ꣬Ȼǲġ
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ʯĻ統ͷˮеĲ˵ĺܶԣҪõֱҪǸʵгеΣյ׼С
˵е߾֮¡ʵֵȶģ¡ʵָһʵʵԽǿʹ˼ҵıҲһ˵е߾֮
ش󺣡ǵʵûּᶨ־ηһЩΣյ񾭣Ⱥ£ֺǲʣٻԥ֮䣬һӰ˹ץȥ֮ǰ˵䴦Ķ
ھеŶؼжʱŭǶṦȷʵ书Ҳ֮ϣ֮ͳ˴ţ˱֮С
ʵƾҪĻʮ׵ģֻǣȫûҪ
˵ǳ䱾Ͳʲô̫ؼ˫еĳ¶вģȫ
οʯڳ֮ˡ񹦡ӵԹ˸֣˳䣬鲻Ϊ䰵һ¡
׷֮ϣתͷΡȻʯЩصǰ㿴ؼˣ
ʯЦȻõˣԵ֡
ʯЦЩʲôھ˶ʧֻںޣ֮ǰЩԥǣıȡˣڲ
ʲô˵׷ɱպûңһ·ȷѪ֮ģѾȫںˣǺˡ
ھ˵Ļں޲ͬʯԽԽЦ֮ǰЩҲôˣҲһģʮڴĳĻ᲻Ϊһܡ
ھ˵ĴͷɥҲ˵֮±ðʯһĿˣ˯ӡ
֪ɫ΢΢ˡ
ʯѾͣ˻ѣվԼھ΢΢ͷֵλ꣬˱
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ѡȡһսһڹͽ޵ĺؼʯʣµıؼھеˡ


357 
ѳļؼʯ֮˺ش󺣡ԼھֵˣȻҲ
ؼɢȥ֮ʯǵӿˣһһӣһ£ӺףûҪ
úӣ±ϰʯʵѣ֪кδ㣬Ҫһߣ
ӦǺã߰ɡ
һ뿪ʯɽ֮ȥֱҵһ֮زͣ
ѣ׼гʢ¥Ĳлѯһ֪ѿʲôҵġ
ʯĵ
ʯѿȫȨһԹۼɡ
ʯʢ¥Ŀʳɢ˵飬֪ô£Ȼʧġ
׿֮ʯóŷ׭ʩȻ󽫷׭ǰһӣڵһðһɺ̣֮ʢ¥֡
ʢ¥Ĺ֮ʱһԺģʯ¸øƶڹɢ˵˰ɣ
һʼʢ¥ϣҪʯӦһ飬ҪʯΪ䱨𣬵ǣʯҪЮ
һˣһ߽ҪЮֱ̫ˣʯʩֶΣʳһС
ʳʵģʯʢ¥ĻǣȴһǴˡ
ʯɻ鵭ĵʯѣԹ̫ˣԵɺ֮£Ŀ̤֮;Ļ֪жٷ꣬ԣɴһʹˡ
ʯͷշĵ˵Ĳȫ
֮󣬶˱ֵˡ

復λ֮ϣƽԭУµһǣķŵŵĴ·ǳطֳ˴Сȵķÿﶼв°
ǰһʯֿ֮һ·復ˣһһ߰ԾӪ
ʲôطͳεɷͳεкڰڵģ復֮УһЩС졣
ô˵ҲһߣûʵǿģʹʯҲȲġ
죬棬һηʿ꣬復֮ĴεһֱĴ۵ڡ
Ȼһߵĵط復֮Уȴһ㶼ģ֪
֪ʯ֮ԶԶ׺ʯ׼ҵ˻֮һżһǰȥۡ
һǰȥۣһȥɵ磬ǣܹһţͲ̫˵ˡ
Ȼ֪ʯԺţһǿţˣɴһ˳糵ˡ
ʯҲûиѵ˼󣬿ʯǱ復ţ¼˹Ļ죬ҵ˻֮ڣڳƫƧĽ
復İַϡ٣ƣҾδݣƶ˼Ҿ۾ӵĵطǰ֮˸ǲǰġ
ڰַ棬ҲٵĵطΧ׶ûһ˼ңֻһõ۹
֪۲ôǣһο۵ʱ򣬲㲻Լ۾Ҳ̫ˣԺüʮûַܿݶ𻵵ġ
ʯǧ࣬ҵ˻֮ǰʱƵĵۣͬеʮֲģģڻ֮ǰһˡ
ѣô
飬ʯʵ
ʯڹˣǡֵ¶һ˿֮ɫ΢ЦʯѣҲˣҲ֪ǳ֮
֮
ʯ⣬ظһ䡣
ͷҵĶԷ̽飬֮УӦ޵ߵڵģЩʵﵽһ޵ߣӦǱĳЩ˻ȥĵطҲ鵽һпܵĵط
ԭˡ
ʯŻȻ˵ͨ󣬾Ȼܹ鵽
磬ȥţȽȥһҲ֪ǲ
һЦת˵ʯѼȻҵӦ֪Щʲôɡ
ʯҲȷȷʵҪһԡ
ߵſڣʾ⣬ʯǰƺһƾͻᵹµĴţʯ££˭֪һҲӦš
¶Щ죬һ飬ûʲôʾʯֻص˼£Ȼֵһ£ǻš
֮£ʯˡҡҡλΣۿҪˣʱﴫ˭ģʲôţ
һĽŲǰĴǰ˿ʯǰһʵͯüͷԶµ߰ɣûҪҵˡ
һ˵̬ȣ֪ǺʯһĻ˻ĲԼȥʯҲǿ˵ȪӵӣſԽȥġ
ƶҵȪӵġ
ʯæ˵Ŀġ
ͯʯĻػм˯۾ҲˣµĴʯǳһܵЦ⣺һǸϵʿʲôʱῴˣΪǼ£Ȼ֪ţǾͽɣھҿء
ʯЩԺ̫׵ͯ˼ȻԽȥһץסģҲ뷨æں档
ǽʯһģǿΪԭ֮ʯһ֮ʱͯʲôҲû˵ûһ
ʯڵ֮ͯʱ뷽跨׻ǵͯܽһֱŹǷҲû˵


358 Ȫ
ĲԲʯϵ׻͵ͯĺ˵˵֮У˻һƾɵķǰ
ͯڵǾˣҽɡ
˵ҲţֱͯӾƿ˽ȥʯֻøߡ
Һܿտֻһţһһ¸߹ڵʮʿòƽƲСӣЩĸо
ʿϣŵľ鼸ˣ۾ž飬ȴǽţͷһһ㣬ҺĿ塣
ͯߵǰһţһͷһͦ˹ֱ㶵ؿŵͯͯƽ˵пˡȻͷҲصתˡ
ʿһ죬ˣˣүѾ˿Ҳ˯ŵˡ
Ȼ󣬵ʿ̧ͷ˯ۿʯҵү
ݿǵȪӵʯ
ʯҲ˲úæػش
ǵүϧꡣȪӺЩźͣ˵ҵүк£үǵǷ鰡ҲǷǮ
ʯֱ˵ؿڣɻǵû飿
Ѿͷͷ԰ͣѵĶӣүеֱȷʵǷһԵҪʲôֱ˵ɡȪʵ˯ۡ
ʯ־ѰõţеŸˣǰҪֻݻԵ
ˣүߵġȪ˵ŲЦЦȻɧʦǸϺͿڰѵү䵽ʺ鷳µĵط𣿡
һԹ֮󣬵ȪӲ񿴵ӣ˵أСһ𣿡
鲻ҵæңȪӵȷʵʯʶѰҵȪǰĿҲģΪѰҵ֮ڣʵ
š
Ȫӵͷ˵ʵǲĴѰõģֻҪͻƵڣȻ׵ġ
˵ȪӵĿһֵĵףе㲻԰ΪѾڣԣԣֺѾˣ֡
ǰǷɴģΪӦͼ¼еľ磬꾳磬ȴЩͬ
ͼ¼е꾳磬ƸҪӣܳ𵤣ԣֻܽ꾳ͬˡ
һ磬ȼǻңȪĸ֣оʮơ
ȪһǱȽϲԸеɵģܶΪȽϲ⣬ǣҲû̫⡣
ȪӿֹЩһҲ֪ô£ΪԹˣô©أ
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ͼ¼ľ鷢չ֮УȪȻǣһڽҿĴֻǲġ
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ԣֻҪͻڣԪŲ֮ءôƶҲͻƵڣǺͲ̫塢껹û˥ߵĻŶҪ˾ͺһ£ŲȥǸطǹ̶ģŶ￴ء
˵⻰Ȫٴοһۣ˵ȻҲ֪ľΪô£ǣӦǲģȴ֪ΪΣӶ
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Ŀǰͼ¼ķʶǣѹûġ
ڴһЩСȴúһǿֱӽ֣̫緺ʶĹע
㲻緺ʶĹעʹͼ¼е컯֮ĴڣʵҲǼǿģκβȴҲ鷳
ԣָ磬ҪСһЩֻҪ̫֣һǿһˣ߻أӦòġ
ԭ˵ôͻƵڵĸֶˡʯȻ򣬽ʣԪ޷ָ𣿡
нɵڣԪٶָܻɹۣϧ֮ⷽûɵ棬Ҫǹ˼ͨ鱦۷вٴͰռˡȪӴŹǷȻ˵ġ֮н磬⼸ʮĻָҲܿˡΧʮҲȶٽ˼󷨱ļС


359 ǰ
һȪ˵磬ʯ˫Ȼһʵ磿
Ȫ磬״ǧɲ˵Цģ֮˵ĴǧҲ֮࣬㿴ǿգЩƶľǧĸǳЩֹģǾĴǧͶ䣬ǿűǣʵǱͶ䡣
СӵˣΪѾˣȻҪȥнģˣȥн磿
Ȫջһĸղɢӣʯʵ
ǵģҪָ㣬Ҫ˽д裬֪ͣͻƵڡ
ʯׯصػش
ȪЦ£ϧ㲻갡ҪȻүΪͽˡ
⻰һ˵Ҳûм˵Ϊͽ˼ָҲ꣬
һΪԼȻ˧õ˧þ춯صǣΪеС˧ģԣڵȪӵۣǲҹͬġ
ʮֲȴҲֹֻһ£ȴһ˿ԵģȻһȪӵĻ
Ȫɫһ⣬֣صʣҪˣΪ֮أҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ٻܱĽ羴˵ò绨ŮſڵϣźΪͽ뷿СΧ˶ɳɳĽšͱһȣ͸һȡ飬ӦҲܵ˰ɣ
ʯʵʵػش𣺡ǡ
ȪӼ֪֪н磬ΪʤĲ֪нУΪͽϸ񣬼Դϡ٣γ˲ټ壬ԻʡٶʤģʲôȴԴΪ׵ԶԶģһǴȴǿ̨˿ģн磬һСӣһ󲿷ƲĵײӣָĳĪС
˿Ȫׯ֣ءȴֿƽʣҲҪȥн𣿡
ʯʵöͷ亹ֱðаٽǧתܰ꣬һٻ󣬸һȣнܿܰۡ
ͷתǧأΪ˳գʯ˼ƽΪһ侲̺һЩᶨԸȥн硣
ʯ˼ǧ֮ʱ˵ģƽʱ룬ǣ˿̣ڵȪ̺ĳħĻ֮£ɿʼ˼ⷽˡ
ٵľ棬ʯвͬȴҲǾ֮ͬģΪ˷츲صı仯
ʵ˵ǰһȽլլУҲûʲô̫Ұģһ룬ֻƽƽĹ꣬ûҪưء
Ϊԭ򣬼ʹûгưµ˼ȴҲŲͣǰߣԺ󣬱ȻҲвˡ
ʱڵȪӵѯ֮£鲻һ£СԼȻԼĽǣΪԭԱ
ڵһνͶӰ磬˽ս֮ʱǲ˿־;˺ôսʤЩӦ
˱ʵûô㣬ֻſزģֻҪӵֻҪɵӣǲ֪ߵغķ֮ˣһ㶼ֳɾ͵ġ
˵Զ;γǣõһģҪá
֮ʱԼһЩҷ񶨣ҲԷƱֻҪȴȥվԽԽǿġ
һ£ҲˣԼԸǿ󲻵ãҲʲôõģԣɴȥˡ
ȪؿʯһۣƲƲ죺Ȥ絽ţүȥн硣
Ȼ󣬵ȪӵĿת飬СӣҲһȥɣҲһǹȥ
лǰ
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ʵҪʯùϵȫֱȥн磬ġ
뵽ԺҪһȽǿĿɽǲģԿԸûôźͰԵԽġ
ʯмػش𣺡ллǰ

ڶ峿ʯһ復ţһֱȵʱȪӲŵ
ԶԶһӰߵŷһͷܣޱȵӣһִҡڡɢ̬˹
쵰㡣Ȫܻ
һֱʯǰȪӲԽߵǰ棬ûؿ˶һۣʲôûү˯ͷ𣬸ϰɡȻ󷭵ϣȵסʹȥ
鲽ӯںܵԱߣһֱֳĬʮ࣬ʲôµӣʵڷſա
ʯһԱߣİͬɲԸ˷ᣬô˻ὫǰϵȪǰ̡
ȪȻ̬ȲãʯǺظˡ
ͬʱҲԱߵйͬ·ͬǣɽ֮ʯԹ黹ջġ
ʯר־⣬ȥʱڵȪӵĴ֮£ԽԽƫƧͣһ˵ɽڵͱǰ
ȪӷºܣʯˣүҲˣҪˣǽȥɡ˵꣬һӣͱϳһɽȻź˽ȥ
ɽںܴ󣬵ȴһΪСĶֻһµ󷨰ڵϣռɽ֮Ŀռ䡣


360 ϫ
֮󣬵ȪҲϻһָ󷨣ĵ˵СȥվͼмǸԲȦڡ
֮УĿбӣйעȪӵĶʯ߽ԲȦվ֮󣬿һ󷨣ʮָӡһͷΡ
ʯС΢ĩҲҿ󷨣ͻƵ˵ɣ׼
䣬Ȫӱˣ߶һص˳򣬽ˣ󷨿ʼת
ʱ鷴ȥоϵˣԼΪҪо󷨣ܵġ
ǰĽѵʯȥ󷨵תס⣺ǰǿرĶʮ߸ͶЩ簡Ϊλ
ٺ٣ղ˵֮˵Ĵ֮࣬кϵڽɵĴ磬ֻǶʮ߸ѡ
ȪӱЦҡͷȻתܱȥ
ͼ¼֮У컯֮һ֮⣬ɵʵǿˣǿĴڣϵ֣߽ӡ
ңɵҲͺֵ֮ģϵһִɵʵԱȺǿ˲١
ѾȫʯͣǰͷǺεأ
Ȫܱϣǰ۵֦һһҲشʯ⣬ҡͷ߳ţ
ʿѽǰһٽӡƺң򺪵ٲϸý
ӰʧڶڣԶԶ漸䣺иȪʯҰģңŵðлѷԺױϼ
ø֮ˡ̬֮
ʱ󷨱۵⣬貹ȴһţƽеѾʧ١

ǰһƬⶼȫյ˵ĺڣһëȻǺХŷָתµߵʲõˣԻǳܵģ㲻ãֱӱѹ
ڴ͵Ĺ֮УʯʹΪҲеܷǳ̫ܣҺôԴзǴʱĿռ籩ܰ
飬ֱûʲôо˵ΪѾõһΪ棬вĺ򣬿Եֵѹ
ȻԼûʲôӰ죬ǣȻ̲סҪ²ۣ⴫Ҳ̫˰ȶԲУҲС
ʵߵĴͣÿһĴͣҲһֿռ䴫ִͣĴͣҪٵġ
Ҳ֪Уͼ¼Ĵ󶼲Уɵˮƽ½ˣеĴǧ磬ˮƽţƵġ
ң״ܿͽˣǰй˫΢΢һ֮£۾ȫָ˹ܵһ
ҲһɽĴ󣬲ȴɽһߴĽڲɶߵĴôܵĴִʯ֧ţ֮ǽйӳһţţװκͰ趼¾ɲûùˡ
ʱʯҲָͷĿѣ״֮аˣʶĿһۡ
˶һۣԿʯѶϢ޷һİĵطСġһЩԼҲġ
ʯСģ䣬úԻᦣڳһӣһʱ߶
߰ɣûµġ
ʯֵСγɶԱȣֻ΢һ£ȥʯԥһ£Ҳں档
ţһֱĵ·ǰ죬ǰ˰ңǰһʯš
δ߽ʯţ洫˵ЦԼ߰
ЩʯʶĸΪŲһ٣ȴĽŲ΢΢һ֮£졣
ѣСġ
ʯһ顣
ͷһЦûµģࡣ
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ʯ߹ʯţ߽˴ñ˲ע⣬Ⱥ֮Уôע⡣
ǸղǼʮңҸʮʯţʯǴߵʯųģͷһʯš
ЩʿҪôֱǸʯŽȻʱһҵСʯŴȥ༯СʯţҪôǼСʯų̸ͬƵִʯȥһַľ
עһЩʿĽ̸֪һطһϫĵطӦʿۼķУԽףҲǰط
ЩССʯ֮ڣǴˣͨЩӭʮַ㡣
էʯûʲôй˼һǰʿ߳˴ʯţʱֻǰһһ
ͷˬεգһֺվУⲢҫۣůϣ˯ĳ嶯ֱʮǶ£º˹ͣĴɽڣ°ĭ˻һװ
ȥԶȻޱ޼ʵĵ󺣣ǵ׺ĺӰ֪ĺںػţһҸߴķԲ˼ٶȴԶ⴦۶̶һЩ󷨣һЩЩССĴ洬ԶԶġƫƧĺ
ųʪ΢ȵĺ磬עĿĴ󺣣ռŷʿ˾һһС
ǽںϱߵһУӸۿһֱൽϣԴӶߵʯԽеĲֶ۵ס


361 ʯ
ĺĽֵ֣ӿļʮʯһ쳣ķУģģطʿдӵȻǻͨˡ
ȻǷУ;Ȼ̯ģõʯʯһûеģȻ޷ģȴһ·޹ǵļǮǿɫʯļ۸
ʯһ׻һԼʲôʯͻȻ˶ߡ
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ǡһЩʯʯҪĻҿ֧ԮһЩҵҲǺܶࡣ
ʵУʯȻ̫࣬ȴҲٵģ꣬ڷɴ֮Уƿ˲ٵʯ
ʯһ㶣˫һʵѣʯ
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363 
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366 ӭ͵
ڼͷԷʱһֱߵܵȻվſ֣㣬귢ʿԼʱ߲ͨ죬޲ý񵽷ȥ
ſڽһλɫȹŮʿҲǶʮңòݣѩ׵ļڴɫ£ԷۣͬһȼŵĻһ㽿ޣֻɫ֮Ϊ봩Ŵպ෴
Ǻǣܽλ𣿡źƽλŮʿվк
λˮ㣬ǵղᵽλ
ʯǰѾ˵ܵҲվ˽ܵ
ˮɫĮ˵֮ԹԵضܵ˵ôһܣҲˡ
⻰һڣźƽлˣʯνˡ
ˮȻ̫ãĵȴʮּᶨģ֪ܵǿ˶٣Ҳˣպгɾ͵ġ
ܵæ֣Ŵ硢ʯ硢л綼ǺˡȻźƽǷظһ顣
ܵ˵ˮɫŻ֪ղ̫壬æ˵ãԺߣӵҵƭղЩˡ
ȻǵǸȴȽӲûжٷ˼ԿλǸеǸġ
źƽΪһԣҲֻò˻⣺Ǻͼһģûһ𣿡
ˮɫֱˣѿڶǼһ֪зҪ벻ɣȥүүǵȡ
ˮ⻰һ˵ҾͲýӻˣĬһ£лæ˵źƽ
һѯлźƽŷ֣ԭڳ֮ˣΪбźƽ͵ģ顢ˮʯΪҪźƽߡ
һлźƽˣǣֻͷԷٽˣ顢ʯˮܵŽ̸䣬Ϥ
죬źƽлֽʶ˺ܶʿڴϺ飬һ̬ң
ʯźƽǺܿشкż̸䣬ֻǣ֮ǰôˡ
лΣǵͷ˵ġ
ˮܵϤż˼أ̸֮£ͨѡ

գյͷ
հǰһдеССһ¥аɸߣƶˡ
λʿһ󻶺ΪСǴеĿĵˣӭ͵
´֮ʱǡˮܵһˣǰĺüٺʿһ´ˡ
ϵ˶ˣһɫ۵Ӷ˵ִ棬λ漸λŵǰ¥
󣬵ڳÿʿ
żλŵӣڶʿּ仺Уһӣ¥֮¡
¥ۼˣϰڰ֣֮·ɼڣɲ
¥ֻ̳ɵ̨ƣϣһֱۿľͷɵ¥һһ⣬¥еúɾһ㡣Ӱζ䣬ϡ̨̣˲һǰˡ
ˮܵ
¥ֻаɸߣ̨ϣȴǾԶԶֹˣΪѾʱˣ̨׿кܳ
һ֮£ڵ̨׵ľͷǰһţţһԲʮɵİƽ̨չ˸͵İ׹⣬ˮϴӳȤǸ״İƣХŴӶ߹ιǸ߿յĿ硣
һ£Ķǰʿֻǰƽ̨Եһ°ɫ۵ӣȱĿƺİɸ߿վƽһ㣬Ȼ͡ר־š
ӿֻͨӵĸ߿գĵۺͷ˿֪ˡ
顢ʯˮܵվԱߵһᣬʿòˣǼλŵӲŴд˳ߵӵߣǹлʦ壬˶ˡ
˫ۣվº͵Ц⣬λʿƽ͵صлΰλõˡ
лΰˣʲɾŴ洫֮һλ洫ʵǿģһ洫ϣɽ𵤵ģͬʱҲ͵ġ
ʵҲȷʵˣлΰڽһؿϿסһЩʱգǣƾŲļ֣ճƷ𵤡
һ˵꣬лΰһ¥ʱų⣬ڶϸСһִ⣬ƷһͶȥ
ִ֮ȶ·һһ㡣
λ룬ŵһ߾ıˡлΰϵЦȻôºͣһҲΪ洫ӵİ
˵Ǵִ󣬿ҲϸСԣʵҲһߵĿȣڸ߿տΣ쳣
ͨΣգȴ֮ˣңеʿˣɼҴҵӦòẦԼǣ̤š
һţͼ㴦⣬˿һû̮ƣ˲ŷһֻҲ̤š
űߣֻŴڰ֮䣬δ֪ڣ͸°ƣϡܿ΢СľϰȺ⹹һ
ָоȻΣգȴûʲôӰ죬һͬ紳ĵޱˣοԭӾͲС
ʯˮֻһҡһҡͷָоܵʮֺ£еָߵӡ


367 
Ϊչܵǰ棬ˮڵڶλܵڵλʯ
̤Ϲ䴦״ɢϵĸо̤ƽϡ
͸һ㣬¿ȥ͸İƣԼƷ϶¶ĵֻǿǳС
ϣǹĵĿ磬죬ÿһбȥĸоµķ羰ܵɫԽԽ԰ס
ʱǰλʿƺͲסָоҪ÷ɵķʽĿĵأʹͼŷֳһϸ΢⣬ΧһƣͽĽʵʵȻ󳯺һףƼ˰ƽ̨ϡ
͵վ壬ȴʲôʧҲûȻһº͵ɤλѣԵ㻹ذɡ
̧ۿȥлΰƽ͵ض˵
һɿлΰļλŵ¶ı飬̾ʹסˣϾԼֻȻȥ
ʿǶףϲ÷УҲУֻʵʵػǰߡ
ܵ˼Сֿ£ֻͷĿѣ̱ϣˮʯһֱעæַס
ãҪ£ɲˤġˣҪ¿ҵͷߡ
ˮһɨı飬º͵ذοܵܵסԼ䣬ǣǰС
ʯסʿǵţָܵǰк󣬲Ӹȥ
ΪܵҲߵ̫ˣһͥŲ̬ǰˣһܵͣ£Ҳüǰˡ
ԽǰߣԽ󣬵úܹͨ˸ȥʣǲķ磬Ȼ󷨵ɵģɶڶʿĵһؿ顣
ûпִָ֢󣬶תʹĵԽˣ߿֮ߣƽһ㡣
ңվϣµķ羰ȴ˼ľΪпȥ
Ϊֹⲻ¿Щħ֮ķ羰ûӰˡ
ƾΪԿȥʯñ¼ϵĸţͷƽľ̩Ȼ
ˮܵȴܵӰ죬е֧ŵ˼ǵɫпһȥ
ʱæѣ׹ǿ󣬲ģ۾רעƽǰսսһСһСǰߡ
һӹȥˣƵǰʿشһȻ뿪ţͱֳһסӻذƽ̨ϡ
˵ûлʿǣӦ㣬ȾڶʿһһȻͻذƽ̨ϡ
һ鿴ǰĶ飬ֿĶ飬Ѿϡޱȣͣ٣Ҳûָˡ
ˮܵ£û߲·ԽԽƽȣԽԽš
ʯҲԽԽɣܰƶ䣬ƣ칬ĸоһʱ֮䣬ʯרעֵǡ־
飬ɴûκθо棬ƽϸҪƽȵģνޱȵġ
Ƭ֮ǰһ󻶺˾һҪͷˣЩϲ֮⡣
βǰһ֣ͣʱɺ׵滨ޣһʱǡ
վűߵļλɫŵӣţæǰӭӵλѣǿɽ⼸սס֮ڿɽʼյӵķᡣ
м߳һһŮֱʿŮʿֵ෴ȥ
λʿλŵӴ֮£֣һƬյأյС¥
һ·϶Цŵӣʱָ¥⼸յľһ
պܿ͹ȥˣ糿ʯڴʿУ嶥ǰһ·Ͼ֣ﻨ㣬档
嶥ǸƽġשĴ㳡һȥмǧʿˣҪ̭һǻҪϼ
ʱյʹһº͵λʿǰλŵӴǼ͡ΪͲǣһءлΰ
Ǽ͡ΪͲһܼ򵥵飬ɼܲס˶డǰֻоλŵӣЭļλŵӣҲʮˣ߿мǧʿ
ڣʮģڣʮģڣһٶʮģذɣҪǼ͡ΪͲˡ
ŵӵʾ
ƫƫаҪһѣܿŵӵԭα¶ŵӴ˹㳡
һֱ쵽磬ֵʯ
ʯʿһɫ۵ŵӣŨüۣࡣص͡ΪͻƵͣһ嶥
ʯûʲôģʵ˵ʯڶʮһһ㣬ڣͻƵʱʮͷ
ŵ֮˸ʯһãһ⣬Ȼ˵ͷȷʵǶʮһ꣬ΪȷʵǳڣӦõһ꣬ɼǺˣ
ЭŵһߵǼһ̧ͷЩؿʯŵʻŵͷش𣺡ʦ֣ǼǺˡ


368 ·
ڰյӵһ֮£óʯĸϣʺϣԲ
飬ʯҪģʮֳͣںڵΪǡʺԾԶϵġ
֮£ΪѾǣֳΪû˿ó
ţ֮£ͼ¼֮УЩ컯֮֮⣬ʹɵ棬ҲδؿԿʲô쳣ġ
ʡʣʵʵڵģȴе翣еľʵʻԼ
ǣͼ¼֮УʺȴֱӲԣɶǸͻƵǰ͡ǰ磬ٳȥǵãóһȽͳĽۡ
ǶԣʿҪҲҪҪǸǺߣٶȾͿ죬ǰ澳ܿͻƣҪÿһ̥ǣܸǵḶֻ́Ҫ޵ڣԭȸٲҲеȡ
پ壬ǻ϶ϵԼˣͬʱҲкܶ൤ҩܸıǡ
ȻҲͼ¼֮Уе磬ǵĸı仹ǱȽѵģ緲ľ֮УڵȽѣ͹Գ˸ǵҪ
ĸǣӹɵģĸֲ֮£ӵ˻Ǻ֮ߣǾ˵ġ
뿪֮ʱ۹·˷лΰڼŵ֮
лΰ֮һ̨ϣһλ̫۵ˣòҲڱĿɫͬǧ˪һ׾ĪԨ
ͼ¼磬𵤾ʿʲôǰڵĻʦǱȽġ
˳Ŷ飬ʯ߻˹㳡һͷؿˮܵ˿ʯʱһϲӣԲ
ʯѣɫʡԡǶϵˡһˮʱҲЦشȤʯ
ʯҲЦʯĳֻϣʡȴǶϡ
ܵſȵؽһȻϽס죬һ²˵벻ʯϣֻиϣʡԶֻϡ
Ǻǣܵ˵ʯĳҪǿһЩ֪ϾʿʯҲĵ
ܵɫ΢죺ϣȲǡ
ˣʿ棬ǰġ
ˮ˵
ˣء
ˮʵ
ʱ򱣳ֶָ̬ϡ
ԣˮܵһеʮ־ȣܴɴ˿ʼˡ
֮лΰŵӵĻرȻ󽫽ĪԨĪԨ˾лΰŶżǧʿʡǡ߼䣬һµģ¥ɡ
£¡¡ȣ⻰һ֪ʿ̾Ҳ£ĪԨһֻ־ʰʿֻôͷɥɽȥ
ʿ꣬㳡ֻʣ߰˰ٺˣվһټ㳡УԵϡޱȣУڳ
ʿ뿪ˣлΰվ˳˵λʿƲʣ·˵һָϸ˺ôһƣа㳡С
ߡ˰ٸʿվƲϣƲʻԵô´֪࣬жлΰһָƻɽŷȥ
ɽţͿһֱ·ɽֱɽ壬мʯʯҴң·ն
·òģλ롣ƻɢڵϣлΰվ·ڶڶʿ˵
һ·Ѷȣ·Ҳͨ·ûһʿǻ࿴˼ۣ̤ȥ
ֱ·ŷڲ֮ͬȫǰֻܿΧһԶЩ濴ġ
ʯܵˮһ߽·ȴǿ˵ȣֻԼǰС
ǰһϽеÿһҪķѸľܾĵģԼĽŲҲǱһԼžĵط
Ҫ˵ȴԼֹİ£ԽԽĸҲⰲ·
ģ鷢ԼҲˣһƬҹ壬ܿ˵ϵƤҲûиоŷԼϡ
˷ëĸоУֻýǡšŭɥˡʹԽԽŨУȴѹֻųصĽŲǰߡ
Ϊ仹ǣȴȽһ㣬̫ǿȻҲֻ̫ǱȽһ㡣
ɿӵ·ֻǻĿԵĶȴҲһЩӰģʧ̬ʧܡ
סϵİֺڰӰ죬ԽԽصĴмǰС
֪˶ãǰһ鷢Լվڸղż·ˣûкڰûûпͷãɽһβԶľ롣
ͷ˿ʯҲָѣɫƽƽҲѾ߳˻þ
ˮܵ滺ߣնϸֲֳͿҪˡ
ߵǰԶ֮ǵɫͻȻһɨ֮ǰãĴ𣬷˹
߳þģԲģ߲ģȻ̭ˣǣʹ߳þʿѾ;ƿݣԼǰˡ


369 
·ϵĶҩΪʿ֣Ȼʲôģױ߹ˣǣһʿ˵鷳ǲСġ
һʿ߹·֪жûܹ߳ʹ߳ЩˣҲþȫ̱ڵأһܶˡ
ʹʯΪб¼ľ֮£ҲķǿάԼ
ʱлΰһӣܵ嶥ģذɡ
һЩ߶ʿ̱ڵأǰеĻһεɷᣬҪ޹ˡ
ʱǬӵһĳӣȥЩ̱ڵصʿ֪յӵı׼ֳѰͬŵ̬
ǣѧ·һλ̱ŮʿˮܵʯһλʿɽǰУȻҲҪӵġ
˾·ƣ۷ǳģʹվ֮ˣһƣӣٷһˣǼˡ
֮УΨֵʮۣǲŽһߵˣȻǽɡ
ʯǶ֧ŵһλʿߵǸˣþ嶥Զˣڻʣһʱʱ̤˷嶥ȻֻǿվţһҲȥˡ
һ֮лΰʹ˸̱ھ嶥Զʿ˷嶥ʿǲ֪Ƶȥˣǰڻþв԰εЩʿһ
ʿ߳þԡϣԼϡлΰֻǽʿı׼ͬںֲֻᡣ
ɽϻʣ²ʿвμִ²ԵʿҲʮºͯǶⲻͬĲԡ
÷嶥ʿָлΰվǰ棬ƽؿڣұ̲飬ǰʮǰʮǰʮελŵǰ棬εʿ뿪ҲԭصȣǰЩʿʵǱҪģǾͿ˳ϡ
лΰںͳǰʮǰʮʯΪǲЩڳڵĵʮߣˮڵʮģܵܿϧʿĵڶʮֻһЩܽǰʮˡ
²ڵڶλã飬Ǻʵڵһλá
ʿ̲һλվһҲ޵Ůʿʹò߱ȱȽǵŮʿҲǾ
ʿ̲֮ǰʯİŵӣʿ̲ȴһλصʿ
ʵʱ򣬰ŵӡŵӺŮʿǳϸ񣬲ϸ鶼⣬˵õֻǲѡ
ڣκ飬ʳʲô쳣˵ʵԣǺ׵ͨˡ
ڶ£ĸ׶˵Ĳˣǰŵֻ˼䣬ˡ
ڳڵһǽʵ꣬һ͸߰һԺʮһͻƵ˳ڣҲʮѣǾš
ʵҲѰǡѧֹ֮ǰΣаݹʦڼǷϤˣΪɣȵȡ
ڳŵڶĽСŮʿ˺ϣŵĸߴ˳֮ŵĵĺʿ鷳شѧʱѣ֮󲻵ѻشǡ󷨡
󷨡ɢжаȻԣĻ߹ɢֻһƤңʮа
ǣλʿ޷ˡ
ʼʮλˮŵӶ޷ٱһˣΪЩие׵ʿҪôĳҪô׵Ĳ׵ɢޣҪôɵ֧ʿҪôӵܡ
ŵܵ񳢵İѣҪˣ񳢵ĵܵܿλ뵽֮С
ŵϸϸҲֻ˹ˣȴһˣļˣɶʿұû⡣
ŵĻִ̥ӵʮ˿ʼڶʮģӹģĳϵӣһҵҲҲĽڡ
ǣŵӰֻڵʮλĽΨ͵ʮλʯ֮ѡһˡ
ŵӻؿĽΨλһֱƤЦûεͯŮҲһԼǵõλ尡
ʼȽ˳һֱŵʵʦʱΨ֧䣬Ϊŵػش𣺡ʦˣ׼˵
յӾһԲ˫ۣһ䣺˺ˣ˵ذɡ
Թ۵Ҳȭͷ
ΨźÿüҪ˼˵ģʦõš
˵ʦǸҾ͵ţ
յӴ
Ψһ˵΢Ц硣
磡
ŵӲŵؿĹâûб졣
˭ɵĽʿ޳ɵƷ𵤣ʵǿᣬɾǸ߲㡣
绹ʮʦڵڶֻڻԪʦ֮¡ᵤûʮأԪʦǽᵤһٶʿ˵ʮҪͻƵڣ˳ˣʱʮʦ֮ˣ
ƣǲСģһֱŰƽЦݵлΰҲһֻ׾ĪԨżûһ仯


370 䶨
֮УĴɣһЩǿţǲ˲ٵģʹˣµڶҲպյģ˲Сġ
һλʿΪӣһԵλʿĽʺ޵۹⿴Ψֱ̾ôԼͬʱеĿ⿴ĪԨ
׾ĪԨͬƷ𵤣ʵǿᣬᵤʮ꣬λھţǰ;
Ψ֮󣬱ֵʯŵܵѹʯ
Ժδؽ磿յ⿪ʼʡ
ؽ硣
޺ι
ʯƽ˵澭
ŶǺڣǰݹʦ
ʯ̹Ȼشǰݹʦ澭ʦҵڡ
յЩƫ⡣

㣬ۼյӵӹŹˡ
ʦȻʯЩõԤУʵʵĻشˡ
յȵǾǹ·ˣ֪ʦаڣ֪аǲг𣿣֪պ󲻻ᱻã
ȫ֮ԣէһ֮£Щϸһ飬ȫǽⷢӣ޶ָ
ʯˣҲֻˣҪڻػյѾ˽ۣ㹦·Ϊżƣذɡ
üһҪǰΪʯ˵ˮܵҲɫֻһʱЩ޶ָУҲĻ
λŵҲüͷҪڣ뵽ԼǸʿģðȻָʿʦܣǲ׵ԥˡ
ֻʮֵ֪ʯһɵġ
û⡣
һ䵭˶ȴĪԨˡ
벻벻ʯ벻λɢޡλеŵӡ洫лΰȵȣ˶벻Ϊʯ˵ľȻĪԨ
תͷĪԨ֮ҲС죬¶һĿɰ飬ȻŵӸ㲻״һãȻĴ
ŵȴȻֽ⼸䣬òίؿڣĪʦ棬Ĺ·Ĳ
θɣ
ĪԨ˵ʱҲǲһģĮȻ
յӻҪ⣬ȴҲͲסԼ˳ĪԨĪʦ棬⹦·֮ţʿ䲻
ûʲôȴǳɹڶʮ֮ɢ޵˼ʱԮ
ĪԨ񳢣ֻǿյӵвߡ
񳢶ͷҪ缸䣬ȴĪԨɨͽǻ˼˻ȥֻתͷȫؿʯƺ޲ʳ⣬Ѫ
յӼĪԨ˾ϣֻʾʯͨʣŵˣվлΰȥ
ĪԨ֮ٴα磬һԣڶϷʿΪʧֻãĽʦֹ
ļλʿȻ˳ͨյӵʣʱոպõǬΪֱֹó޵ɫʯ
ʿȴֻһλܵҲǬһպñȦͨ죬ƺϾҪ˳
λʿͷɥ׼뿪ʱлΰվ˳λ
λʿɻ󲻽лΰȻһЦηᣬĪʦ徭ӭ͵ʼͿҵԣ˶ЩʿΪŲʣֻλǺα֣ǸղͨʿУҪġ
λʿϲ벻һλᣬʱɲᳳ֣صлΰ
ף¥ʱΪʿ

ʿɫˢףɲҿ飬ΪȷʵΪָɻӰ֤֮ݡ
αʿˣˣˣлΰûֹͣ˼ţ
Ǭˡ̰ɫ

ܵıʿˣڰˣˡ
벻벻ڰ˳ܹɵļλʿǼı齻ӣô벻ܾطܵźƽ
Ҳƾʲô¥ҪԣΪʲôǣҪҳ
ʿлֱ׳ģЩǸӵǡ
ϧĪԨлΰǵĿ޶ãмλʿлΰʾ£Ǹɽ塣
ֳƽ¿ʼ˺ʿұʣܵźƽ˳ͨɡ
ˮͨʣĵշ졣
λŵӸ峿֮񣬽պúϢ
ŵлΰʾ£ȡһ׵УӭͳһʮɳĻ¥
λŵ¥ֻ̻ԻͣﶼݳޣЩʦʦõ񣬰ŵһʹ¥ٿշУһЩεص¥дۣȴһλʦܽģͰЩˣҽа棬ǽҰʦ־ˡ
ʦ֣֪ȥϢ
λӽϴʿʳ˴Ҷʵ⣬λһƤĽΨ
ǽΨЦ˵ʦãʽʦ£ҿɾ͵ýʦˡɷֳߴʮС壬ŵӶסʮСУŵģԵշ壬Ůʿ·塣
λŵ۰Ͱ͵ؿԼ΢΢һЦʮһŵӣÿβˣ˶ʮСھסĶʮɽһСǿŵģξסպ·ġ


371 ʦ
ʮһյӣÿһյĵӲ̫࣬עصǵӵԣЩӵܣΪǿҩģȻС
Ҫ˵飬ΪͬǿҩѻģǣԱЩҵʿȴҪǿϲٵġ
ӵΪԭȻ˽ߵϰԣһɢޣѹٲ˵ġ
ǣ΢ĩĻһ֮ģѹ˻ΪԼһȵ뷨
һתҲȷʵõҲԽͶˣȻûеõ̫ĸı䣬ǣЩӵܣȴǿ˲١
Ҫ˵ȱʲôһǰ׺ݣɵĻ徲ΪЩɱԺˣ޵Ĳɵħ
ԣÿһɴɽյӣԲ̫ģһΣʿʮˣŮʿֻʮ˶ѡ
۴Ưŵİƣֻֻչ᰿ɺףܿ͵һİɸߵɽ壬˵С壬ʵ治ˡ
ɽͦ񣬻ܿһ鿪ٳҩ
ЦŽܵ·壬м󡢶Ҫ֮ǲȥѡھסɽЩɡ
Ůʿ£ͼ·ִ¹ţʹ˲Զһɽ壬ɽҪ·Ҫ߼ʮɣɽƸվշ塣
ִﰲ۴λȥԵĶպƣλ½Ҳ˲̸ҴһطϢȥˡ
ǰΪʮסһɽ̫壬סŷֲô£һִ²ᣬŮ͸мˣʵҲͳһΪˣвɽ֣һޱȵȺԸ⻹гӡũɡ
ִµĶǲһ䶴ʮˣܿ͸㶨ˣҲֵһ䲻Ķ
գһͨʹΪǿҲеƣˣǣϢˡ

ڶ峿жıȽ磬ȴҪڶʱ֮ڣɵһΣͣʱ䣬ٲ˵ġ
ˣͼ¼磬ҲҪͣһʱģһˮƽߵ磬֮Ե컯֮ĵزЩԿٵصǿߣҲ̫ġ
磬ͨͷ᲻ٴιԼ˵ǣǰ׼Ǳġ
Ȼ֮ǰҪʽΰʦ֮С
һϴ֮׵壬žղعĺ¥ԼдǵĵҲɽϡ
嶥ܴǲ˵˭ҲǷ嶥Ӧ÷ĵƣγһԲʮƽأȻ潨˼ΰ׳ĴԺӡ
һڲŵʿλеĹӴ׭дš
ǿ㣬Ϲĳǡŵӡ֮ǰŵŵӣüٺ˾Ȼվϡϡġ
ڴǰһߴǸͷǹڡ̫۵ĺ׷ͯյϵվһüôߣ緰Ե۵ϵˡ
Էֱվʮλȸʿɵĸ𵤾ʿ硢׾ĪԨӹС
һλǵ۵ƽʿվ˳λ½ŵӣߵݿʦ
ʦܵݾߵǵ۵ƽʿִλ½ŵӣΰˡ
ڴ֮УԱΪ˵ģԪ񾳽ĴڣҲģһЩŴɵţͬԱƺΪ˵ģǲǴﵽԪ񾳽硣
ɵԣߣ֮УߴչسԪ񾳽磬ԾǰоɵţԼšڤ
Ԫ񾳽磬ͼ¼֮У㲻ǿߣǣ磬Ԫ˵ʵѾ㹻ǿˡ
Ԫ˶ǲǿߣʵȻǿޱȵģڴ֮Уλ˵һС顣
Ԫ񾳽֮µߣԪ񲻳֮£ȻǶ˵ĴڣǸ߸ϵĴڡ
ԣԴˣ˵Ϊ˵ݣǸ߸ϵģΪҲ˲õġ
ΰԶԼʮŵӵˣ»ӹҽŽɡϵ߶һ䣬ʿӵԪǲͻڽţڰʮ忪ʼ˥֮ͻ뿪ȥݻʵϺܶŵʮϾĻ뿪ˣϵ˵ôǸǣҪΪɾ˳µͻƣǿԼĿޡ
ݹʦݹţ֮һλʿվ˳λŵŵӽŽɣ˱Ǵ޻ؽӹ顣
ɵŽкܶܲһһЩǱȽصĽɣһЩ΢һЩģܵ˵ǲ˽ʦ桢òкͬЩ
ӹ齲Ž֮ǵ۵ƽʿվ˳ƽ͵˵ƶǣȻպǵҪǹϹϽҲƶߣþɽ
ʦƽʿ֮һǵˣɵƷ𵤡
ͬΪ𵤾ʿ硢ĪԨӹ飬ȴҪģƷƷ𵤵Ĳ໹ǲСġ


372 
磬ǽƷ𵤣ǰ;ſ޿ģƷ𵤺Ʒ𵤶伫޵ġ
޳Ʒ𵤵ʿһҲֹڽ𵤾ˣܼǿ󣬶ƷҲģһ˿ߵĻᣬȴܳΪԪ˵ġ
ǵָһλ۵İ׷üʿλȨʦ
λ½ҲֻʦȴӦΪư
ǵνźĳϡǣλӹˣĪԨһλɫŮľŮʦ֮׵磬请洫ϡ
ҡȴûֻλϣпǽӴٰ͡취֮ҡ洫ӼŵǽԼдĵط֮һЩųϣǶڵΪ洫Ӻŵӣǵ˾ûһһˡ
֮һŵŵӾͱʮ˷еĽľ壬ڡ
ֻ¥þáúãʲôֲҩɿʯͳͳǶ⻹Ƕڣֱ𻮹úãһÿڡʱģδܸϻ
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λĽʲʿɣҪɵĹءŵӣÿ·굤һƿƷʯʮͬʱŵӻѡһ鹦򣬲ҪҲеģλÿ±ŰŵһҪĵҩǾҪۻƹжһƹֵƹ
ƽ϶˶ٺ˵ŵӣ»һɫŵһ굤һƿƷʯʮƹһƷֽһѡԺÿգڲˮ嶥һλϡ洫ӻŵӹеϵʿʱ̣ؽǡУöǵΧҩ͹ǣֲҪҩ
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ͼ¼֮У뷨跨ɣ뷨Ϊ˵õɵĹҪ
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ƹߵŷơ淨Լûɹŵ˵Ǹơ
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һŵӻշ塢·ʱִڵһ£ŵŵֻҪϤɡרؽɷ


373 ĺ
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ʯԱˣ綴ˮܵҲǣˣõչҩ֮
ô˵Ҳһŵģңò׺ʯ˱ȽϺõĹϵȻҪȴһµġ
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Ȼʯ˵ˣҲûһҪͷ˼һ仰̫ˣԸȫԳ֡
ңڼ䣬ڵĵӶţºͽΨȱȽϳɫڵĵӣ翴У±ҵӣΨǼӡ

ĺϹŴ֮һɽ磬˵ףǽɵ֮սĽ
Ϲʱڣĺ׹Ǻںһ֣ڽ֮սĴ֮У˵Ÿˡ
ΪһԪˣʵƼǿģŸҲʮ䱣֮£ס˷Բʮĺʹĺڴд
ʱĺѾΪһȫյĵطѽѳԪµĴڣǲƾġ
ȻԪµʿҲһ뿪ϣûУй̵Ļһ˿ϣ
ķɲʲộ붯Ԫˣƾ
֮Խ鵱ȻΪ˹ɸô˵ҲԪ˵Ķеĺöǲٵġ
οɸǹһɽģеĸ߽׷͵ҩԹɸң滹зڡ
ĸɽ磬ֻҪڱȽϵͼĲΣǱȽϸ߽׵ıվⲻ鱦ɵϹ֮ʱ
٣ĿǰΪֹУûһĴڣĺеõһǲ
ͨĴͣһĺ򣬱ڹۺǸ˴⴦ƫƧ䡣
һʯͽĵ죬ԾںܣƫƧĵ˹ۺǣΪɷͥһ
Ŷ˽ˣĺɷֱΪϼɡƷȺͺڣ˵ɣʵǿ߲ڵΪĿǰΪʵֻҪΧ˭ġ
ۺһΪ޴ĳǳأǳ֮ϲ󷨣Ҳľڶ࣬ʿͷ˻һ𣬺ƷޱȵӣɼĻ


374 ۺ
ĺ֮УΪߵʿڣΪһ㣬ȴҲûбʵĲԣжҲشС
ֵĵطۺǲԶվѾԿۺǵӰˣǣС
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ΪʵʿѾǲˣسŵʿ͵˽һҪһЩˣǧҪһñôֲ
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ΪˣֳڵΪȻǹֳģڵѹȻǺ޹˼ɵͷų
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¶ķɫȻƷٻȹڣܷų㣬ڷɴֱӹ벼û󶼼֮ŮĥĹܡ
崿ŮİٻһּˣĹ֮⣬һʩչаٻƮ䣬˱ǣþ幬ɰ˽ǣȼܷҲܷ߲һʵ⣬ǳǿƷʮĲƣԲֻһ㣬ʱճ󷨾Ǽϣڽɸǰǽ졣


376 
ʾ׹ҫɫͬľϹۺڿճһ󺣵ľ齣տͬǽԺͷ಻ϵĹѹˡ
ԼԲʩչ֮ʱʱɫ羪裬ǳɫۺ£·ڴߵһ褵ĽҲ൱
ʾϣԾϷҲˣ֣˵˼ҵʧ񡣡
˵ǰܼͨʶʶµĸ֡
Ծ΢Ц𻰣ǳɫȥȻڷԲʮγһӿ󺣣ǷĴܱ߿ռĲ˲ʱڳλʿɫᡣ
ʿӦڵʿǣ־֮䣬ģ֮вͬ
֮УڵʿʵģʿƸǿӡ
ҲعĲͬŵʵĲ֮
֮УڵʿλǷģСϡ͡ϡΡ
һǰԾɸʱǳڣһŶһֱͣڡϡľ硣
ԾʱֳʵܿôΧԾӦѾﵽǺϡԲֻһ֮ң
ԾƺʿȺ͸̾ı飬һָһɫƺ·𼯺һƬеĲ˰㣬ӿʯڣһǵʮɸߵʯھͷĩҲҲˣɲͨʯڣ溬ŵĿǾ֮
ϷⲨνպʮƣȥԾЦš
νĽƴﵽʮ㣬ķԲΪϽӽԲĲνѹɶԹۺ֮֮
ʿٱ䣬ղֻǸ̾Ľ𾪡ءҰף֮ǰԾӦûбֳյƣչֳҪûѹеĹͷ
ػһܣԾνվ˻ȥȻһ룺չʾһ
ղŵʾУλʿǶбǼû֪ǲЩʿıҪϼԾνȡԹɸ϶Ǳ䱾ʱ㣬ҲˣǻҪʤν١
ԾĻ˶飬ɫС
̬еߵУɫһ֣Χʱľɭɭů紵ʣ崺Ƶġ
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ʾ֮ǰʹҪҲָͣЩΪƵֶһҲܱ¶˲׷ȣʿĹӣʱΪȳ֮ŷĵĶͲˡ
ָҲʿӣ󷨹ذڻһصӸͬԼʱҲҪһУҪչֳһв󲿷ʿֲǷǳвʵ
ڷɴ֮УԽΪҪеķ򣬵֮󣬸ǵ˲ʵһ¥
˲൱һɱУ鲻ʩչǣԴʱʩչĽѾˣԵƲӡ
ڽĻ棬ûʮοģҪǣʵΪݽ֮£ľȻһȵġ
һλʿı飬к⣬ⷬչʾʿԼͬҲ̫ӣϾԼĽֻǺͺ䡢鲻¡
Ψһ鿴Ծı飬ȻôȻôݣҲǣǿʵϣ黹
Ծ˫ģ벻˽ѹȥɸѽ󷨰ɡ
мɢޣöԲʹ֮Сɵʿֻں÷ģ໹кüСɵɢȴǴһȥ⡣
ǰָ㡣
ҲסɫֱֳԾ𾴺ͶԹɸ
ԾϸؽΪ麣󡱵󷨣Ĺܾܻʿλ۵λʿϣӶʹʿԿɸػ󷨡
֮⣬ʿԣ󷨷ǳѧܿѧԼ
ʱΪ֮ÿһʿһ۵ʲõԾΪϻϡ
һֵΣԭڣһֺϻɰٴţܹһµΪһ壬ԲΪٴΰθߣλʿֻ֮ԾԣǵۣԲʿԹԣҲֻνܡ
ң˴жԾģһжԾȻҪԼУƲܳˡ
һԾͽܣһŮ֮УŵģȻĪˡ
ǣʱ⣬Ȼÿղ麣ֱ仯ȻҶ˲֮ȴҲҪһ˿һĲźá


377 
󷨣˴֮󣬻ԾѾ㹻ˣλʿ𻰣顣
λѣɸ֮ԽԽҲӦóǰԨˡ
Ծ΢Цſڡ
ԳǼλϴιɸʱҪôŵڣҪôδͻƣԶδǰǺúý飬ϾͨҲܵõĺô
վػ

ȴˡ
ԣԣͬ
Գ˵һ°ɡ

㡢ֹ˷׷׵ͷͬ
Ծ豭һڣϷҪλѽ
˶лˡ
ϲɫ£ʿҲһרע׼Ծ
ػˮĸÿζб仯ÿζǲͬϴνɸʱǰŻˮص˳ֱ󡢴󡢺ˮʴ󡢻ɳ󣬶ν룬а˳ɿܲЩ󷨣ϷֻԽһҪˣǾǴеĴңϷҲ㹻׼ŴȫȻȻԾԽһĸ󷨡
λʿҲǵͷͬ⣬ÿνɸʱ󷨶ͬģ֪ģɢ֮ʿ޷һԽÿ󷨶ϸ󱲡֮Ϥ󷨵Ŀܾͷǳ
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ʿǸվ֪׼·
ϷȻҪȥٲݸ󣬿ûлһǾתŻҺ񵤡Ծ԰΢̧򢡣
Ըͬ
ͬʱ𣬷ֱǸǡ㡢ֹꡢڡ
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Ҳȥ¥׼ѰЩƱӵ˵
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Ҳȥ¥

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顢׹ҫ褣ûб̬ӦȫԾİš
ˣλѼȻѾ˾ǾϷ˵ɡԾһ̧֣ѹ˵˽½
¥ٲݸ󡢵伮֮⣬һ·ǵ˵۾סط󷨽Ҫطͱѹһˡ¥ٲݸ󡢵伮ǰҲǱƳˣӦûʲôʣ£ڵ󷨣һεʱ򣬾ЩƵҪʱ䲻Ѿ˽ʦˡԾν̾
ɻʣǳοƳ󷨵İգ
Ծ޽ǣɰգɣӦþ߳ɰϡ
صͷȥ
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Ծû˵ڵĻǣҲҪСͬıͱһ㣬ÿһʿ
ڹ˵֮һֱػ󷨵ͨҲǵػˮĴеһֵĻӦɴȥϾ֣ػϣڳȥ൱и
Ծɫǳƽϱһ㣬һҪסػ󷨶иָһ͹ʱı֣͹ֻάʱʱ֮дɸгǾ͵һ֮ɣнڵʵ
˽صصͷ۳ǰ洳󻨷ѵʱ䡢·ʱ䣬ʱ䣬ƳƵʱ䲻һʱʲôջȫһʱˡ
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Ѧӱûʲôʧɫص׼
ãˣķˣԾҲʣתʿ״
лǰģټһܵԲˡǳЦ
ιһʿԾ֣صصɸѰǶϷÿ߶ǾϷϴǺʮλɢͬһȥģоͨϻֵֵ֮ùһڵֵܣܴɸģֻϷλֵͬڵֵȫУλѣηĻ˳ü
λɢ޶ʹ⣬ʱͬصԸǰ
ȻˣǾԾվԲƾһ

֮˳
ʮ˳ԾķзƹϣԨȥ
ƹ˵ǹʵֻһƴݣкͷ⣬Ҳûã⣬ƹлԾŵһЩִ¡
֮ƹɵһֵĺ⺣м䰼·ԲȴﵽǧɣΧĺˮûһҪƽⰼݵ˼һֹĴС
Գÿٰ˵аղŸд󣿵¿ɾɸˡ
˵Ǵɫۡ࿡ݡ糤ʿվһϣվһɫװӺվŶʮʿ


378 ̽·
һʿ֮ʱԾɫ΢΢һǴݴȤ벻ϼ˫¾ȻһǰͲ±˰ɽŸ𣿡
ԭ˾ϼһһҲϼне档
һų¶Ц⣺¹ؾתŻҺ񵤣ĳдֻҲһǰɽֻ¼ڳϡԳĵıű˰ɽŸ˵£ǾͶˣƷ̷͹ӣҲһǰˡ
Ծɫͷԭˣ»Ҫݼһ¼λѡ
˵ǰݼƹͣƺԶֵμ
תͷԾԼߵʿ֣صصλɸɿǽ߾ȫ澡ҪھΣղȥģ뿪ĳǿ󡣡
ʱ򣬻ĸʿҪ뿪Ǵ˸ɵǲҲļҵõתŻҺ񵤣һʦǾܽʱסʲô˼
ǵĻǼλ׼ȥٲݸɢƵƵͷԾЦЦؿһۣ룬ĳǸˡ
ʱһޱȵԵÿ麣ջ񡣡
ɹһž޴ķҶվŶʮʿ˵ͷλɫ䡢ƽʿǻƷͼվһλüĿгһʿǻƷȴͨ
ͬʱһһɫҲԶ˹վǰһ˷İʿѵ嵭ŮǺ̷ɺ͹档
һ·ǴԨֻƽĺˮʼԽԽ졣
ʱţǴԽתԽ죬ǿϷɹĺ񶼱ӿֱ
ͻȻԶһɫգۼ͵˴Ϸֳһλ۰׹ӣһۿȥ޷жꡢ׳껹꣬Ȼʿûжϵ
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ͼȵͬʱһѡ
½䵭ؿͼһۣҾѰ·θɣ֮Ҳٴ𻰣ɫϣͣڴ֮ϱĿ
ӹȥǴзתﵽµʱ򣬴Ĵһ죬һ׹ֱʡ
͸׹⣬Կĵĺˮֳһΰ̻Ի͵ɹޣ峪
ʱԾͷʮλʿλѣ׼ˣ
ǣǰ麣վٲ󣬽ݵۣͬʱԾļλִ±ڴ롣
׹⽥ţǴɹԽԽųҫ߲ʹâʱԾ۴ķ͵ȫʹסˣǴкˮе߲ʹâͶȥ
ɬˣǾ޴ĺˮѹλʿУЩֻС谭߲ʹâʱ͸оȫٻ粽УҪѽۣԾƣмλʿҪڴ˴ˡ
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Ծ˼ɫеʱһɫͻȻǰȻʧ֮УŲſɫâ񶯡
ԾĿ΢΢һʹһɽ˺ɫС
Ƕ̶һʱ䣬Ǿǧٴεշתǰһʱһ档
ֿռߵһĴͣ鲻֪˲ٴΣϤ˼ģʱνӦޱȡ
ǳɫɳ棬˶Ծվλã
֪Ѿ֮Уǲҵվλãú󷨣Ծ۵ʩչһ㵭ɫкˮʡĻ֡
ʱ˷ŻһܣΧǹдϵĻ棬ǻз׵Ļ棬ǳɫĻ棬֮ͨ⣬֮Ҳûм
ͬһʱ̽ɸģ˳ҲͬԾƺҵɻڽһ¡
ǰ֪Ǻ󷨣ĵЦʵ
Ծָӵɫˮлֵס˹Ļ棺ΧĻϴϷ𣬿еӦǿл𣬵ϵӦʯл𣬺ǻ֮ǿӦÿѰҳ·Ҫϵ뷢ӣֻܾΪҽ
ʿԾ˵֣أһ£ɸǿڣ֪ɺȥ̽·أʱĿࡢڡ鼸ˡ
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߰λִ½ǹصԸΪЧ
߳λӹԾķ뿪󷨣еͨǰ
Ǹһ뿪󷨣ĳɫͷɳһһһɫӻסȫһΣѩ𣬽һɹɵĻ淴ȥֻǿǷҡεӣ֪жˡ
ʧͨûãͨʹһĲҽУԾüͷֱָͨˣҿߣٿ䡣


379 
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һЩʿţڷ˺͵ͽʿҲûôأܹɱѾʮֲˡ
Ծ֮ˣǰ֮̽·Щִ֪ҪȴҲ޿κΣֻһֱǰǰȥ
飬öˣҲľˣܲȥʲôģǣȴҲ޹ʶͨ֡
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ҲһЩȽϺ磬֮ʿǲȱٵģգаʤ
нȴͬΪԭֻҪʵ㹻ˣ޼ɵģںʲôа֮֡
нһ̬˶ҲȥһɨǬǷǳԱû¸ɵġ
һ̣һ뷨Ծк֮£ٶȴҲһ㶼ģǰȥˡ
󷨲ҵ£ͨȥû߶ԶͿǰλִ֧ţЩѾ޷ȥʼڽӱȼա
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ִӳĿϲϲĻ֮󼸹ؾλִ³ˡ
Ծ£ǱȽϹƽģȻһѪȵĹƽЩ˵һεĹƽ
λʿҵ飬ǰУܷĻԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿֻǳɫˮַƣҡҷ
ͻȻϵĻͬɽ緢мɻưɫʯл˽ºˮ֣緢˿һִ⧲ӽŵһ֮ͻ˻ҽ
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ֻǴַôõͨȻһ仯һЩѵʿЩ꣬ڡࡢֹꡢȡ
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ڲԶǼλЩʿҲƽԾָ¼ͨǰ
֪ԾĻģֻȴû˵꣬ǲԶˣ󷨵ҲҪˡ
Ȼǰһɫгǰʱ򣬿дϵĻҲ·ֻһɫˮð̣ڶɫˮɢ
ɫˮɢһЩ־ᶨļһˣڱϿӣһԲ˳󷨣ݹɫͶȥ
һӦֹꡢ˺׷ȥɢĲصʱ¶š
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Ҳɵ췴Ӧģеӡһ֮£һâɳˣһ֮£Ľ¡
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Ķݷٶȿ죬ʮҪʹɽʿյΣĶݷǲġ
ڶλļл֮Ծ֮ǰϵɫдʱܵڣ쵽ɫ֮ʱͻȻ·ɽ㣬дϿл϶¡дʯл¶ϡɫлһʱ䣬ɣҳһƬʹǰҫ۵Ļ⡣
ʱɲҵģæȥˣ̶ֳȵĻ棬ʹΪΧˣҲ˵ģǣæԦݹ˺һ㡣
ͺܱˣвܵñͬյģľɷĸɫâֻ֧˰ɲǣȻͻ˷ɻҡ
ȵһ͵Ļ湥ȥСͶ˳ɫ֮У顢䡢褡Ѧӱ桢׹ҫõǷɽ⼫죬ûãԾһҲɽ˳ɫС
褻Ծ߻֣ɹĻ涼һһûܵʲôв
ǡ֣˿лϮ˼ŷǿнҲǱڣǴӻֳӳӣȱؽ˳ɫ֮ڡ
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һӣǸ޴ͷ­˰׹ǾŽڱޣԶᣬȫʩչݹ⣬Ͷ˳ɫ֮С
ֹӡɾ޴ǣϣ»֣߾ȻǢޱȣܻ׷׵ء
ֹҲɣʯлʱǹǾ½һ磬ҲǻεҲȻûл뷢ս˳ɫС
ǵڶӳ󷨵ģݳһξ󣬻ϰٻƣ幬ƴŹâס˹Ļ棬¶ɫ֧ŵʱ򣬾Ȼ̾˿ַ˻


380 һһ
һӳɫг̴ȫ㣬ͬʱеĽһ֮£ͣǰȴһĽɣС
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ĬĬͷʱֻŽһ£ڼ֮ȻأʲôͷԷɣֻѰ·
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ѡѻǾͲڵˣ󷨷ǰҵͨԾһ
䣬ͼɫһɳ㣬併ħϵı顢Ǵ󷽹סȫͷ˽һ룬ϵȫǺڶܿ˲С۲Ŵ˹
ջǲСǶϧ񣬽౧˻ȴûаۣ㷢ңߵš
ˣһôһ󷨰ɣôһֱûͨ·ģ
ֹüؿڡ
ԣҶɫѿ󷨲һͨѡ񣬴˴·գ˷һ·ֵҵǣҲһֱûз
Ծȡһ沼ӻƵ̣ϸ˺þãŵϷ̽Ҳûҵ·Ҷһ£û˵Ƶ󷨡
һǲųɵؿڣ˵Ϲ֮ʱһЩ󷨽󣬱Ҫд֮ѪŻֳͨлᴳȥڵƺЩơ
֮󣬽ܡ˶òеǼλִ¡нؿڣ벻ǣԱ֪ǽкá
ǼλִУһ׷ԲԵͷ˽һԲԾͷ褲̡ܡʹУɳ󷨣ȻһƣԼͷϣͷ
Ѿöˣǣλ׷ԲԵԼǰǱģжеѹġ
нĲпᣬˣѪǲκģһΪֻ³
Ǽλִ£ڽɸ֮ǰѾ׼ûܹ߳ȥģʱȻ룬ǣȴҲ޷ˡ
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Ѫˮһ֣ǾȻϹžǺˮѪ󣬺ˮﺬйˮ֮ʱѪѪһˣܳͨ
һѪˮ˵˳ĺˮ̸֮ϣͣʴŹ֣ҪλʿӴ䣬ס⺣ˮּͻᱻʴһգ£ķǳ޴
λƽĺɢ޽ǶݺݵؿЩִ£Ծ̾˿ϷǾ仰ǲصļˡ
ǣִ֮ٴ߳һѪˮ϶ɳ󷨣ͶѪ֮С
ִ»ΪѪ֮󣬺ɫ󷭹ѣƬ֮УѪˮǴȥ¶һСͨ
˵ͨЩˮǲͣ˵棬ֻߡ
ҸϿж
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褡׹ҫ˻顢ࡢܡһߵĵ·
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ϰ׽޷ǿд׷ѸֳֻΣԺ
һһ˱վһָɫɽӭıâȣһİɫ;ŵ
ɽϻȦ콣˷һɫԽƺһ̾ͻ׹ء
һ֪ոյ˫ѾԼϼܵˣһ൱ıභԼΪ޷ȫƣһﴦɳһɫӡɫϼȻǵϼ̩ɽѹ֮콣ȥ
֪ɷҪƴһѣһҲʹԼıŹŸ»ƣɷصʵʵͼϮҶĽԵס
½һ뽣ϣûһ޴⣬ӭȥ
޴ϼڷɵӡҵײһ飬һ󣬲ǳĽЩոոϵԺʿǶЩվȵĸо
ײ֮ɫӡɶأһпѪ½ֳֻΣɫ΢΢׶ѣһָָԭСɫ⼤죬һ׷ɱȥ
һɫɽɽϻȦҲԼղ˵һɲǣϼľԼɱͬʱͼıҶıĽҲһľŹѹסһʱ֮侹ȻЩ衢Ϊ̵ĸо
ҲǸоϵģֱӽƿ˳ȥһ֮ģᡣ
ǣһ̣½ͼ͹涼ɱһ˵ֵµɱֲͣ
㡭ǣ
һӳƿ󣬾΢иȻͿ콣ɽϻȦûͬԼԤı䷽򣬻ԭǰ㴩Լ壬ĿԲ˫ۣкɺصȥϵѪӿԺϺɫС
½ͼ涼û֣ƿȻ׼Ծһס˻Цſ˼ʮʿ

һ˫Ŀ죬ջذƽŹ½ͼ˹ȥȫȻԾľС
½ɼסһĹжЩңΪԾԺǹ֮Ҫǲסȥ֮ɾǳˡ
½֣ӣȫסԾˣ
ͼñɽסŹ֮󣬷ҶԾɽȥͬʱʶе
ͬúĽסһİƽϻȦֱԾ
½˼ס˹һ콣һѾǳԾǰŴ֮ǽ


386 ʬ
ڸֵһ𹥻ԾһľСǣŵƣǿס콣ͬʱӴȡһȴһ߸ߵĺᦣ˿׭ֳһɭаζ
ֻһҡԺӾֳŨŨЩǴǡ
УϻȦҶʧȥԾӰֻԭشתֻ½콣ŵס
ǺǣϷ򲻻ӵģϷǼʶʶʬᦵأ
дԾȻ͸Щ
ߵʬᦿɲԲѵܿص˽ڵʬ壿ϣ󣡡
ϴӴóȭͷСҪӵɳ̣ͻȻһ֪ãæ׼ͬʱһűȥͷ׼סȫ
ץס˫ŵһ˫ֳɫָ֣ͻ˶󣬳ֻý״һһУȻûмʱȻһʹϮԣֻ۾ͷֱ𿴵˶ԼֻһѣҲأǻڴѪϺɫϣ˽ȥ
ǰǵɫֱ󣬷һнȻ󱻵˳ȥ
˫һţһӰ˳·Ѿã¶Ƥϻűķģ˸ŵɫ壬˫۷ףзŤͷһһλʿȥ
ɷ;㱵һʱոջָ˵ǣǺ֮Уͬһ˫˸ŵɫ˫ҲͻȻðץסĽףӦ֮ǰͽ˺룬ѪɢأϺɫС
ߣ൱ڵĽʬ뽫һ򾡣ǳ룡ͼŭغȵ
֮һĹȣϷЩʬͻƵ˽ʬڻ൱Բͨķ˲ŽµҲǣʬϣǿԽ󷨶ԵС
ԾǰƮϵһλʿĲҽ
ͼЦΣѵеĲҵıûаûɳΪʬĽʬӲޱȣͻЩݵ֮Ǽֱ׾١
˵УƷԺĺɫߴ룬Щʬᦵ󷨺ͽʬʬʬȫնɱ²Ժֻʱ⡣
ʬʵֱ֣ͨʬʬͭʬʬʬʬҹ棬ҪʬһҲ൱еĽʱʬŻǡ
ȫʢ֮ʱϷȻҴһ򾡵⣬ЩʬƬ̣ߣأֻĸˣĥҲܽǾĥǵɱϷĽʬϷĽʬҲɱǣһһĺ
ԾָŽʬסͼ桢½һ߲סͼһ߲ס棬߲ס½⻹ɱʿм䡣
ͼջһһԸЩûʲôǵĽʬֵ飬ڣʬԾָ£ûԼˣսۿۣȡʤˡ
½Ҳͬĸܣڽʬľ֮£Խһʱ֮Ҳֲֻܽ¡
ЩʿͲˣǵķ˲߽ʬ츳СͨҲͬˣ߽ʬɱм䣬ֱȺʬ淽λ޷ͬϣʱ˲ء
˷Ĳҽ˹鶨Զ˺롢Ҷﴨͷ­顢໪Ǳ˼Ƭʬʿûÿֻ϶һ󶴣ѪɹϺɫϣøڣȻ˽ȥ
һƷȵĵӱȽϾͨ󷨣ϷȽϿʬȣȻ˵طһ·ںкǰҹգǰһѾ˳æӴܣͻȻһ״ֱֱϣڵء
֮޷ʶͼҲԼȫ߷ɢΪԾȴĿֻ꣬ͬʱк½֣ӣϹǴʰʿ⣬ʿ߽֮ʬһΧǿˣھȫҾͲϹֵܵס֣
ߣǴԣתŻҺϷУϷ߽ʬ棬Լҳȥ
Ծƺŵ㲻š
ԾĲţ½ͼЩɹˣֿʼ׼׼Ƚʬնɱһ˵
ʿһͼ桢½˾ϣǻʣʱ¶ģָΪԼȡԼȫˡ
ͼһһ޴ΧȫǱԶһѩ׷ţޱȣҶ·裬˲ԼǾ߽ʬ·
½뽣һϣһѾһ߽ʬǰǾ߽ʬܲˣƺƴˣҲҪնɱһߡ
ڹ棬öϻȦԼĽŽʬͬʱ׼ӣ˿ӳۿҪʬסȻҽʬ
ԾǾŵųס˿
Ծȫ߷ľСʱʬƺ΢Щٶۣ׳ϻȦڼϣ˵ڵأá
æ߶ĽⱩǶȥ
ڹؿŽڽʬʱǽʬһǣ¡¡һ޴ıը֮ȻֱӾԱˡ
ò˵Ծֶι˵ãȫҪЩʬһʬһս룬Ҫڵĸȫɵ


387 ʬ
ʬԱ൱ʿԱǲСģҵıըΧһȦĺɢ룬ĺĽڿҡҡλΣƺϾҪ׹ڵء
ܴ̿ѪɫҲǲȣ޷֧ٿնֻܲڵϡ
ոһأһ˫ɫ־˳ץסĽףͬʱʬڹȥ
˵Ĺ滹һ䣬ͽأȻǽʬһȭ֮࣬ʬֱͼȥ
ͬʱӹһ߽ʬ½ƶ
˫Ųġյֱֱɸգؿ˴ѪϺɫ̰սȥƺѪż˵ϲá
ӹ洦ıը½һ˿һ䣬Ҫת򣬿ǰǾ߽ʬͬȫǴ󣬺һը˿ըһССĢ״ɫƲʡ
ɫƲҡҡλεطɳûԶֳΣ½ɫҰףѪȻѾǼʱת򣬿ɻܵش
ով͸е״ֻøϽһ˫ɫֶʱץһգȻһ߽ʬ½ʣǾ߽ʬֹ½
½֮£ֻܻؽǿԱ
ֱը֮£ϼɵ̫ҪˣȻҪͶϼɵڸͼ⡣
˵ȻԾ־ЦԾĶ׹ҫҲһȻûս֮ʰȡսƷһһõ˲ٺö
׹ҫĿ֮ʱȴýһаϢӶʱýӲȻһֻҲץסˣʱ׹ҫſһֻ԰״ֹ⻬ϸ֡

֮д־壬һ˲ľʹ׹ҫսʤ˽ӲĲҽУͬʱ˺ƬڵġΡƢΡɢɣѪܵʲôָˮ󷽶ȥ
ʱʱͣʱʲôһƺߣеһӰԾеʬѾ޹⡣
ţ½ͼ顢γ塢׽ҲӺ˳ֻĴӿȥ
ϹĽʬ׳ʲôʣ
ͼҲ˲úԾˣʵ
ԾɫأҲ𻰣ֱӴӵɳľСҪþŵ̽һʱֹͣ˷һ˻ֵĿֲʬڳֱɸϿնʱ仯ܲȴܵв
褡γ塢׽ǱᣬɪɪҲɫҰףֻڸֺƽס飬⾪ʬ
ͼ૵ʲô
ԾЩʧ񣺡Ϣʬˡ
ôʬϹڸʲôͼŭؿԾ
ϷҲԾЦ

ƺܲѹֱȥ׼ѾСһɵĺȻ֮ӳ롣
Ծͼ½ĿƵؿûϣֱ룬ϧ̴һҽУźҧ׽֮
ëȻĿгǵʬ˻Ҳ˽ȥֳһĸߴӣ˺ҧһֻȣѪ˳ǵ˲٣ľ߽ʬǰ
ƣֻԼ䴩һɺͼĹӵۣͷףɢڱ˫ĿǣӴ壬ɳƴ𣺡˭ҵĳߣǣǶҪ
ͼʧɫɺӣɺӣͼȻû
ߣ֮ǰʬطҪ⼫֮תΪʬ
Ծһڹ棬ɱͼ˽ö࣬ӣӦǻûȫתʬͱôѪֻܳƵǣǻϣ
Ϲ˼
ͼԾһۡ
ԾǸоϵģǱɱоתŻҺкã֣һһ³֮һһ
ãϹھͽ񵤸һͼһڴӦ
½ҲϷҲ˼
ͼ½ȻҲǺģóû٣Ծ޷ֻͳƿ
ʱɺƺʲôŽϵ˹Ƕ˳ȥȻһţһط˹
Ծ顢ͼ½ȻɶԾ˳û֣褡һߡ
ǣγ塢׽Ǳᣬźɽȴƶ˷ֺ
γ屻ͷ£̷ҽУ죬ֳܿһ׹ǡ׽˹Ժӽ䱼Ӷȥ
Ϲ㻹ܿЩƨʬ𣿡
ͼʱҲҪˡ
ԾʬһԣȻͷǿԣҪʱ䣬Ϲʲô⣿
ͼЦʲô⣬ԱըҲЩ谭Ǻӳ졣
½ϹסҽȨ
ԾҲԥ̽ͼĽ顣
ͼһָɳһ׹ɺȥ½콣Ҳͬʹֻһһ£ȡҪ
ɺƺûӼĳѹǳٻ˿벽Ǳ콣ͷֱؿںС


388 ʬ֮
ǣѾΪʬɺӵӲޱȣոһͬһɽײȵһ㣬Կɺؿֳֻǳǳһ׺ۣ¸˺ͬˣ΢˵ѡ
𣡡
ɺӷ˻Уƺղ˾޴ʹŭֳܺһЩ˿ڣܿģ˿ھʧˡ
ȻһֱӾͳ½ߣһȭͷ­ʾٶȣֲ
½ɫ˻ǰסɺһһ½ĿһѪɺٴ½ٵѪ硣
ÿһȭ½һѪȻ˺һһ岽֮ۿͼôԮ
룬ͼû֣ǶݹһҪڴȥȻ½סɺӵĻ·ӣعĲ׽Ҳͬˡ
ʱĿһˣһն֮ʱýһޣˮɺ۾ɺӶԸղŵʹ£һ㿪ι½ڻôϢĻᡣ
鵱Ȼڳ֮ȫĻԵõеıˣǣһʬȴҲԶԸġ
ʬȻߣǣϾǴﵽ˽𵤾ʬʵ֮ǿĿǰԵֵġ
ˣֻе˵һԸʬս֮Уı档
ͼΪüƣͻȻֲϢæñһʱֳΣڵļ˻
ɺӱϾǻۣλ˴Լĵ̾һֱ֮Ӿͱ˻
ʱ½һ˵ͷСӲҲ
ıֲϲ̲Ǻı֣ͬʱʹһʬɺնȥˡ
鲻ȫ֣ʬɺӲƴǣֳһӻûġ
ʱɺڲ˺ҧĺܣɽȴ޷˵ɺӷֺֻںзɺɲҽУɿʧ
׽ɺһֻסӣ˿־塢ŵش󺰴УҪҲҪ
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½ʳ˼ҩѹסƣɫⱩǣɺȥֻһɺٴδ׿ҧѪģ׽½ɱ
׽ѵ֮ȥ߶ˣˣˡһ·һִֵѪۣϧջֻż֮ͷһᣬһ
ĳϢֵģڻɺӺ󣬾ʧڿУɺ޷ɺӶԣĽֻһֻСӣȻЩܣɻǰɫʹǣֲĵغ½սһš
Ȼ׾Ľһȫ֣磬Բ½ɱȵġ
½˽ĽĽ˽һЩǣȴǸǿģҲء
ͼ½˵൱ڰıҲʹɺܵʬɺӵķ̫ǿˣһĹԴ˵ġ
Ҫ˵شɺӣֻɵʵеʵΪÿʬаˡɺӡ
⣬ʵǿᣬͻɺӵķȫͨķԵֵģͬԽ֮ˡ
½Ȼֵļѣͼǿ֧ţͼıٻɺӵĶ½ôǱ
ֻ½ԽսԽľɺӴӿʼȭʦѾ·۾ǵҲʼ࣬ƺôȥɺӾȫָƵġ
һ뵽ʱԵĽʬǿޱȵʬʵ൱Ʒ𵤵½ʬ֮ٶǿĴ½ԽԲȥˡ
ǣ½սмʶԾͼٴȥͻָˣϹû
ԾɫࣺϾͺãٵƬ̾ˡ
ڽ֮ϣĹȻǿޱȣǣ˵ʵڵģľȴߵģ½˲ٵġ
ǣһ֮߳ʱһ߲ο½ĽģԺһƬ飬켣Խ£Ȼʱɺ飬ܱƤסɻʹ۴С
褡ʱҲָǣɫѿָԼҷɽΧɺӣͬ˲ɺӷֺ仯ɵͷ˶ɫҲûɺκ˺ۡ
ˣ
Ծڽʬסˡ
ԣҽһ񣬱ϾýʬԼҲðžΣգͻɺڣʱʧܣϣΪã
Ծҡʬᦣľ߽ʬӲͬɺӣͬʱ½ѣѣסɺӡ˵֮ԼľСҲųŵɺӲƶȥ
Ծ½ͼ褶ԣһˣϣʬɺӾһģһˣʱ򣬲֪ҪöȥſԻɱʬ


389 
֪һ˲ˣ˽Բˣ½һ䣬һǧٵɫ⻪·ҶžžεδȻһʱܹɺӴ˺ȴǲߵɺͷתһʱֻ֮ԭ֧ҵ
ͼȫ߷һ˸žӨâıΧɺ˫ȲͣʹƵĺϡһ㱡ıΧĻͱܳٻŲĺѩ
ˮˮӨӨɺӵ˫ۣƵ۾ƤֵɫҰףٴαһ޴ͷҧסɺӵһֻš
ĺɺͣԭأͬʱԾľŵֱסɺӵĲӡ˫ۡ˫ȡ
ɺƺҲΣգȫþŵҡҰڣҪ½ͼ˴ǣƵĻŵס
ʱľ߽ʬѾ˵һӺסɺӵһǰסɺӵĲӣڵס˫ȡ
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ϹǽʬǲɺˣϢѾʧˡ
ͼɣԸղһġ
ԾҲǷصı飬ЦһɺӻǲԲ£ûϣӳȥ
½ҲĬĬͷȳ̶ȵĹѾǳڵķ룬ҿһ׵֮ˡ
ʦ֣ʦ֡
褴ʱ׹ҫɵͬ滨һۣһŵذο
Ծ褵ͷ̾˿ҫ⺢ӣϧˣŪˣ˭뵽һ˽ʬɺأ褶㲻Ҫ̫ѹ
ͼֱ˵صϹ˵õľתŻҺأ
½ͬɭؿ˹
ϷȻĺ˵Ļһ֣
Ծ̴Ӵͳƿһһˡ
֮Ժӣ˵ԺӣʵһܴĻ԰һǰ㳡ô󣬱Ͼֲݡ黨ĵط
֮ʿǲժ˺ܶ࣬Ǿͳһյֻ滨ݵĴյأʱڿյؿڴһԲʮɵĴӣǸղűըɵģطҲһЩӰȴ֮ǰ򶷡Աɵġ
ף
ͼյӱϣͿڿһûɺӵӰ٣жʱǳҫƬƬɫҶն
ͻȻһϺɫӰǰһɴд˳ֱֱͼɺӡ
ϵĵ飬մ¶ļϱ鲼СС˺ֻۣĲѪǺɫĶҺ塣
ͼɳҪֵһɺһӣһɵĺҧ˱ͬʱ۾Ĺһͼʱ;ͣתɵشС

ͼĲҽֻ˰ͱɺҧסܣѪ
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ǰһΣնһĽӰһźһնȥһŤ֮£ˡ
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ͲˣԾֻü褣Ͼոշ𣬾ͱϣȻۺʴ˫صأؿǿտյһ󶴡
˻ɺҲûʩչֻһñ۹⿴ǣһͣڿͼѪ
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ͼɺֵſڣԾ·һ²ʮ꣬˫ۻǣˣˣԾܵеù
½ͬ㲣ҲЩĻ䡣
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ȷʵѾ޶־ˣǣʬɺȴŹǵģһ֮£ٴγѡԾ
Ѿû˶־Ծȴִģһ֮£һѪľСϣѪ뷢԰ףϷƣ·һ˼ʮ꣬һ¾ͱ˻ˡ
ľСþ޴ޱȣȻŵϼƵͷ˳ȥɺסЩ赲ֺɺӱ󣬻ţºֻһЩ
ʱ½һХⱩǣϣΪƥƵĹ⻪նɺӣֻ´½ȼԴȫʩչľ
羪裬һţٴγʱѾɺӵǰֻɺܺն߾ɺһᴩ˺ۣ˽½ɺӱ󣬿ȴߣء
һ̣Ծ½Ѿòƴˣ׷׽ǿĹ˵ַʩչˣһʬȥ
˵ĹҲЩЧʬɺ˵Ĳᣬǣһ֮ʱίˣ޳֮


390 Ͳ
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½Ծǣ׷ʩչԼǿĹǣȴȻκβʬɺӣܿԸɺһЩв˺ȴġ
ʬɺӵ˺õɺӴŭпνŭڵģǣһγˡ
Ϊʬ֮ɺӵȻûôǣֶλǲģһ֮£ʿȫɱˡ
ɸ֮ʱɼԾһʿǲٵģҲϰ˵ģǣѰ֮󣬵ʬɺȫɱˡ
ϰʿȻ¾һˣǸҰ˼ˣж᲻̵ģǣȴû̫ķӦ
һ紳ɱ¾ˣǾģֵʮֵ
ң鱾뷨ҲҪɱˣеıȫŪС
ʹ˲Ҳֵģһ֣ǻɱģ˿̣һʿʬɺӵ£ʡһ
ʿȫֻʣһˣʣʬɺӵĿעеϡ
ֹؼʱ̣ҪȷƵеģɲȵʬɺԼ֣Ļ¼ֲ̫á
ΪѾﵽңһʱ֮Уϴﵽ۷״̬ǣһֻ൱ڽ𵤾ʿʬϣȻǺʤġ
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ʬɺӻδжʱһڴһģеһԲͲһĶ
ִеʿԲͲһʮϤǻͲ
ǵΪޣһЩ紳ʱ򣬿ܻΣգȻҪ취ŪһЩĹ
ִըҩʿЧʮ֮ãϾʿСʮǣըҩĹƻǲСġ
Ϊ鳤ȻһЩȨ㵽һЩûģڴ֮Уʱȡá
ǴĿռʵޣ˵ˣԭӵըҩֳҲԸŪһЩ
ȴ˵ϿŻʬɺӷˣһ˶ڵ̳ǰȥˣٶȼ졣
ֻʣһˣʬɺӵȻ̫ߣǣҲһӦñȽϺöԸ;ûʲôģȫֱֱȥġ
ʹڵž޴˹ʬɺȻûÿ˼Ȼڵֱӳ˹ȥò˵ǹġ
ʬɺӲ㲻ܣ¶ϲ֮ɫһ̣ڵʬɺӵϣˡ
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ڵһը֮ʱһǿޱȵһ־춯ص̬һϯˣʬɺӣװһ籩֮С
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ʬɺӵһҪǣڵʬɺӵǰԶ֮ʱȻһ¹ˡ
ڵһ䣬׷ʬɺӶȥˣʬɺһ֮£һϱըˡ
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뵽ʱǿ̣齫ʶڵ֮ϣ΢һ֮£ڵˡ
ڵһ֮£ڵʬɺӵըˣһһĹ籩һϯˡ
һ춯صġ¡¡֮УһƵģһĢڷɣʬɺӵΣһС
ǿޱȵ籩ڹɸһ԰֮йϯˣϯһУһȫɵӡ
ǿޱȵ籩֮£ϵĺɫٳһ㣬ӣҪ͵ӡ
ڵıըǿ籩ǿޱȵģַ籩һϢʱ򣬿Կڷϯ֮Уʬɺӵһֻ֣ͬըˡ
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ںɫѪҺĸʴ֮£ɫĵ֮ϣʴһСȻ͡ð̡
ģȻҪڵġ
һ֮󣬵УһγһͲʬɺȥˡ
ಡһĺХ֮£˲ײʬɺӵϣǣһǿҵ籩һϯˡ


391 ۷
ǬУʵвٻͲһڸɲʬɺӣ಻ڡ
һſڵ˳ȥʬɺӵϣǿҵ籩ʬɺӵϱˡ
һǿҵ籩ʬɺӵըǿޱȵϯһγһ
һüըγɵ籩ȷʵСʹ飬Ҳòݱһ£һ˵ġ
κƿնһ㣬һ籩Ҳ׷ȥģǣջ׷顣
ǹ籩ƽϢһοʬɺӵֻɺֻʣһԴ
൱ڽ𵤾ʿһʬʮǿģȻԵֵסһһĹʵ
ãȷʵʹʧ֮ʬɺӱֻʣһԴ֫Ѿʧˡ
ʹֻʣһԴʬɺȴû΢΢Ѫɫ۾Ȼת
ߣɣ
һ֮£Ѹˣ˫ֵӡһ֮£һ̬֮ǰһնˡ
ǰһ䣬֮Уı֮ѸնɱʬɺӵǸԴ֮ǰһˡ
ֻʣһͷ­ʬɺӸ޷ƶģֻĿŷɱһնͷ­֮ϡ
ڽɱˣ̫ˣӦջʱˡ
ɱʬɺ֮鳤һŵ˲١
ʵܷʬɺӱȽ׵ĻɱҲû̫İգжΪˡ
ԻɱʬɺӣֻһֳԣвУҲûףǣȴ˿塣
ʹûŪʬɺӣҲûʲôģ˵ʱŵĨֱͣܺˡ
һأʵʬɺӵ̲ߣ֪ܻ治һôױɱ
һ𵤾ʿ¾öԷûʲô취ˣҺĻЩ𵤾ʿȫԱܿġ
ô˵ʬɺӻɱˣǻջʱֿɲˣһֺɨ̬֮ڵصҩҩʲôˡ

һâ˸֮£صռ֮УԼռ֮еıһԼջ
ҩϺͷʲôģǲ٣ȫǷʿʹõģǣ׼Ϊ
кһ£һȭͷСξһ³ǰɢɵ⣬ƿԺɨһƵġ
СڵĻӦû԰ɣ֪ҵΪǷԿһ
ʵ
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ʮָˣæǺãСְɡ
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һֵ㣬һҩ㣬һţУоȫ£һǧʮëףһʮֳӡ
һâһζ֮ˣУһ̣âʢ
İ֮УһȭͷЦξʯһģһâʶˡ
α˹â֮£֮ˣ·߷Բ֮أһֹâ
һ̣֮еĵҲǴʢģĵ㲢ŨȴȻƢġ
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һĴߣȻԽջЩҩȫɵҩ֮µǹ֮Уϡ
õҩĻҩĿԣһֵҩһŵҩЧ϶õģ˺ĿҩԲЧûôˡ
񻪻Եͬȴһˣ൱һᴿḶ́еҩҩȫᴿһ飬õҩԷӵ¡
ңᴿĹ֮Уеĵҩ֮ȫϵһעڵʱ൱ڷһöҩܺõĽ˿ҩԵ⡣
˰֮Уһģ·ĹԣͬһƬطαû˹֮Уûж
ʱˮգ֮䣬չȥˣһգһˣһҵ֮쳹˱֮ڡ
ৡһ£֮ɢԣȫټԳµ
ԵĸоϵϢڷصı仯ϵԽԽǿˣ̶Ƭ֮䣬Ѿﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȡ
һ̣˫֮ʱеľţ̽յһǰ
ϵϢһȰθߣǰǿ٣Ǹоģ֪һ㡣
ΪѾ۷壬СĿ죬ϧҩ
ʮ˷ܵӡ
ȷʵǣûеҩĻҲɸΪ֮ǶıԴ֮ǣһñԴ֮˺ԭȻûȫõľƣһ񻯣ԣֻԼ취ˡ


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392 ̸
һ֪֮Уɽ֮Уһε֮ڣһâ˸һ
ˣȻˣһ֮ʱĿ⵱ɽȥˣлﰡҲ̸֪ʲôط
˴Σľ磬ǽɽӵ磬뵽ĿģΪѰ̸֮ڣ𵤾
ռ֮ڣΪѾ۷壬һ룬ɴһ뵽𵤾ˡ
̸֮Уһ׮ôԼӿᵤٶȺͳɹʣԣˡ
һ۲֮£ɽڣȷʵģСĶڴҲȷŶ֣ѱʯľڸǣ濴
΢һӦ֮£Ըоõɽ壬һεڱμӳסˣӦǱһסˡ
оһ㣬ͷۣһ󷨣һʱ֮޷ƽ⣬ԣһʱ֮䣬ֱƽⲻˡ
Ӵɵʱ䣬ûж٣Ȼм꣬ǣʱ䶼Ϊȵȣɰգȴûʲôϰ
Լһʱʱ䣬鶼̸ڵɽΧͷӬƵȦȴȫ޿κΡ
ǵãԴһ뵽̸֮Уǣ㳢Ǳȥ
ݷΣ·Ǳȥˣֻ˰ʱ䣬һֱĵԨڡ
·ףҲ֪Ԩ֮µжɣϣ̴棬ʱлϢӿ
Ӧþˡ
һͣˣü
ͣһ£ǰӽ̸Ϳʼۣɸԭ˹ˣЩƵĶѱڶ֮ϣд󷨺ۼ
ǰǧɣ񵱼΢΢һǰĻţȻǰһֱӴС
ȵõϢ˴Ľѻ٣Ӧ޷ԣɴֱӴ˽ȥ
һڣɼ¯Ϸһ޶Ƕ߾࣬ʶް
ֻǰȻһ޴ʯңʮɣϱʮҡ
עģȻ࣬мɫľܣģŴԼʮǿõƷ̼ۣԼƷ׵Ԫʯ
Ա߻ף鲢֮ͨȴҲ֪ضߴˮ
˴̸Ǵ֮Уޱڴ֮пٶһɸΪһĴʦʹֵĶЩҲġ
֮УɽǿߣǲٵģޱǾǴоԵǿߡ
ޱʱյΪ裬ʵ֮ǿȻǾ춯صģ棬ʮֳڵģǳ˲á
ǣǿ˲õʦʹƳҲǴһʼ֮ʱһɳġ
꣬ޱ֮ʱƳһЩҪôƷ׽ϵͣҪôǲдƷ
Ȼÿһ֮ϣƿ̵ƣǼ侫ģɶ칤ЩдƷ̵˼·Ҳİо
棬ƾƷһ֮£֪ˣֻʮطȴɷӳӽʮطܡ
Ҫ֪λޱʦһֱɢݣԣУǿԼĥС
Щнػֻܿãɨһ֮󣬵ƿĿ⣬ת˵棬ʯϣһ˿˿ǳһĻۡ
ЩۣǴ˽ƣĽƱ֮󣬲ĹǼΪǿġ
𿴵֮ϣֻЩĻ۶ѣ·ʯͲʲ²˺ĺۼ
δǺʯʣȴ֪ʯĶȻʮּӲģӰʯģҲºۼɼЩϬ
Щն˽ʿϣֻһͿɽˣˡ
һмһ֮ɫתضˣóһƣǰӳͷ
ϸѰ˼һٺֻ֮ңԷҵĴնȥ
Ҫ̽ʵȻͶʯ·ֻȿĽôƽĹ֮
ָûָˣǣȴģӴ˺ü磬ĳɰգѾ˲衣
һն֮ʱɲǺҳģнģƲڵأġ
һֻƿǰĽƣͿʹڵĲֽ󣬱ٱ
һ֣֪ãָ֮£ӦǼ࣬Ȼת˷λ
ʶûзӦͿɼɫȻŷ
ͫ͵нһתݣγһȦ
һ̣һˡϣŽ
ƣ׵壬û飬ľȴӿ˹
ǽϬ֮ҺƻһϺõķǧĽĳ֮£Ȼӿݵģǣû١
ûȵɿЩУֳַɣƿ棬׷ն̶ˡ
һͺȣеĽһȫ˳ֻһӰնˡ


393 
顭
ֻŵһײ֮ˣɸĽʹĽҪһЩǣǲٵġ
Զ٣ǿЩĽˣһ֮£ײֱ͸֮ϡ
Ϣ֮䣬ܲˣֻؿһơͷһ֮£һѪ¶ˡ
̸Ľ󣬹Ȼʮһ֮£Ƕ֣֪ԼĿǰΪȷʵһЩڲӶ֮
ǡʱԽ֮ЩȴȻֹˣе׽âʧ٣һжָƺʲô¶û
鳤˿ֱͦĿĵ־η֮ɫЩǧǱˣǽ𵤾ʿҲֲúá
⿿ŴȱһǣѾʬΣǴ˽λ֮ڵһ߽֮ѣʵδȫ
ʹˣĻ£Ҳѱʮ˿ڡ
ָ֮£òΪӪķʽƳ󷨣뵽ɸ֮ڡ
ʹȫ֮ÿһգǰҲ߳ٲֻ岽ֹͣˣǲĽĴ֮£н̫ˡ
̸֮Уʮһ֮£ǽӰǧ򣬾Ķǵģʮġ
ΪĽ֮ҲԵֵģǣÿһֻܹ߳
ÿһգ֮ͣϢһգԭһȴָԻָΪ
һгǰУ˵ʮ֮ʱǰߵٶȣͶȻӿ죬Ѿܹ߳ʮಽ
ڣ߳ҵĴţ棬һ޴ʯңϱһʮɣһٰ˾ʮɣ֮һҪʮ౶
Ӧˡ
֮УλޱøĵطһŵľܣѿգҲ֪ǷλޱˣʣµЩľ֮ģѱϡ
֮ĲϣĿҲƺȻƷȴǼģȫѻһСɽˡ
ʯҵ棬һɽˣһѵѳǧϧ˵ĴƷδɵߡ
νܲ׾
ЩβףޱޱϵֶΣʵʵģûֻɡ
ңޱʮ츳ټڿҿңûгɾͣˡ
Щ߻߰״̬ǣһ㶼ģʼȡˡ
ңΪԼҵĴĿռȽСװ̫ĶɴռĴеȫװˡ
뿪ֺһ֮ãԽһȣһ֮ڡ
õǲôҲֻʮɷԲ֮أܹ°ҡ
˽˶ģңҪѷɻԲرĿ
֮ȴһ쳣ӴĻ԰ʱڣ֪꣬Ȼ
͸ԶԶȥֻǴľ֣Ƽˮޣɽʯعˮ鿣£СˮĳأĴɼ
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⻨԰Ҳֻ̫ǧɷԲȴǼãǾסڶ֮ڣҲþִٱƣνɶ칤ˡ
һʿѡڶоסɲˣЩҰͬϰߣɽĻԾ֮飬ʹŨȹ̣ɢȥ
סڶ֮ڣǳΣʿǧټƵģԼסĻ
֮ʿȫĹҪǳĹˣΪλҪгʿҪôĿģҪôΪڣңЩһ׷ģҲԼ
ÿնʯʯյɽ־ټˣҲҪ
λޱɾǶļߡ
ǲؾ¥
һǴ¥ţֿм䣬Ƭµķλ
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ǰȥķλֻЩ¥Ըûʣȴ£ƬԺľ£ãǲؾ¥ңҲǶԷճľס֮أұ߾¥
˴˴Ͽҵֻ࣬п֮أһݣʱʱܵв
Ӧת֮أһѰ֮£԰Сڣһðˮ⴦ͣѰ
ȷ˽ٰ֮Ͱˣʵ̫鷳ˡԣðһԡ
Һã֮鲻㣬ðһԣҲȫûпܵġ
ָ֮£ˣڿնʮ̤ˮСķȥƮɣ貨΢㣬ں֮ϼӡ
֮£ǿͻ֮ķ򣬼ȥһ̣ƴƵģ󷨷ˡ
еͷƤһǣɫۼ̻ն蹥ǧ򣬼ܲΧɿռ䣬Уһ˵رǿԵʹļ²ѡ
ڴʱˣһĽǣԷĽһײȴ絶븯㣬ɱи


394 
һ͵Ľʵ̫ˣ֮ǰҪ͵ӣֵĻ¼ֲ̫õġ
ǿȻаյģĽɱ֮ʱܹǰһܹѸ죬Ʈ񣬶޳
һǰǵĽ⣬ǰЩǰϴĽһһˡ
Χ׽ԽԽ࣬ƶ˿һ˵ɢۣԽԽǿ
鵨սľ֮ʱڵð֮ǰʱΧ׽ӰȻѻΪʵʡ
䲻ݷ֮ʣǿˣһǰնȥˣϵĽâ֮ʢȻﵽȴϸˡ
һն£ɨ֮ʱЩײ𣬵һıը֮ϯˡ
һ֮£ϸСĽݻ˲٣ΪϬһ˵Ҳֻʣʮǣв˲˴롣
廯ףŲ߶гһƬ½Ӱʱô֮ϡ
һ̣ѭϵɲǣƮƮģʯ֮һ
ͥԺ֮ڣ˲ʱɢеĽʧ٣ָ˰ףȻƽϢ
ǣ㱻ƻˣֻ鲻ȥʯӦᱻٴμˡ
һֱ̣ӷɿնˣֱǧɣ¥ǰһŶ֮ʱΪ֮һˡ
һ¥ǰȻһóĵ¯ʮߣɵֱռ¥еĿռ䣬ƺ«̬¯ھͿԴŵĺ«
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һ¯أȻػ¯ҲδȺ֣ȴ֪֮ʱõʲô档
֪һ¯Ӧǻ¯ֵ¯õ¯֮Ǿػ֮飬Ϊ棬
¯ޱĶַ֮ʹƷʴ
¯һ壬ʮ㣬ʷͬһ㣬רΪ·ƳĶһ뿪¥¯ʲôǣһôҲûС
ʲôӣǵƤҪγûãҲ˾ԺһҪ¯
תĿĹˣΧҩܣʮŲٵĵƿ
ƿ֮ϵĹŷǩһЩ硰ԪתԪԪ֮ЩֵֵҲ̫ߵĵҩ
΢ʧȴҲ̫⣬֮飬κڷԽ֮ʱҲضǰܴߵĶߣֻòϵģߴߵģŻ¡
ɨһЩҩֻع¯оϲص¯оŸϿףϲص֮йء
ϲصʮ˾ϲ¯˵ľϲԶֹˣֻ￴һۣ¶ϲɫ
Ȼл
س֮֮֮ͻȣڻʵӲĻ
¯֮еĻƷȻ̫ãǣȣѾϡˣϴƷʣǾġ
¯δֹͣۼл֮飬ܻ¯ᴿתΪ
Щ֮⣬԰ʿɵ۷ʿڻ֮ӽᵤٶȺͳɹʣʮֲġ
ڲͬ磬ᵤ֮ʱҲͬģڷɴ磬ʹõҩɵֻҪ˽ᵤɹһûиֵ֮ġ
ͼ¼ȴһˣ𵤷ΪƷ𵤡Ʒ𵤺Ʒ𵤣𵤵ƷײһʿʵӰơ
ɽӵֲһˣ𵤷Ϊ˾תҲƷԽߣʿԽ󣬲־ת𵤣ǲֲġ
ʹڳɾ˽֮ȻԲͣĴĥ𵤣ճɾ;ת𵤣ǣҪԲĽ𵤣ȴˡ
ԣÿһ磬вͬĳɾͽ𵤵ƺҪעĵطȻͬս˽֮󣬽һģ춨ɵĽʵ
ᵤ϶ҪһȽĽ𵤣ת𵤺Բ𵤣һȽϺõѡ
˵ƷҲǿԵģǣͼ¼֮УҪƷ𵤣һҪʿΪﵽһʮָߵĵزûǸģǣֻɽӵ磬ıת𵤻Բˡ
ǡãڴ֮У̸Ĵڣл𵤣߽𵤵Ʒס
磬ᵤķ֣һΪᵤһΪᵤҪᵤ֮ǿսҪᵤ
ᵤᵤҪӣҲһЩѣ¯Աܽ٣ɵң̳ɵʱա
ɵҪŰپʮգۼ㹻Ļ֮飬ڻ¯ڳɵֻʮվͿɣʮʱ䡣
ңŨ񣬽𵤻Ϊɵ֮ǿҲΪǺôġ
¯еĻ֮Ǽģʹɽ𵤣ƻвʣģʣµĻ֮á
ǿ֮ģǿƷ֮Ʒ
˵ȻãﾹȻô࣬ȻǸеʮָ˵ģһˡ


395 
˻֮Ѿе㼱ˣѺ޲ãʱ¯֮ڣɽ𵤡
Ҳ֪ʹԼΪѾ۷壬ǣȴҲ֪Լ˿̣𵤻Щ
֮ǰΪһµ۷֮󣬶ڽᵤЩȲʮҪɽ𵤣ԼΪʵõʵĸı䡣
ǣʱᵤĻԵȴ˼żô˵ĻҪȴοģĽ𵤣Ϊ
ᵤĳ򿿺ȥЩҩܣһǧƿ꣬ûٷʲô̫صĵҩһֽԪĵҩǺܲġ
Щҩȫεٴηɿն̸¥ȥޱ˿֮
̸̫ƽĸ֮УһᵤֳĶˣЩ˵ע⣬ɾͲ̫ˡ
ԣ̸Ŀ࣬еĽγһַſԷĵĽᵤ
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߼ʹΣɸڵ£ɽ֮ӳѨȽϲһЩ
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첽ǰְīʯӦ֮ʱ֪ˣһʯ񱮣ȴҲǿ֮
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ĽڽΧһһԻ֮ǰЩͶɱˣһΣȴûж
ЩȻܹͨīʯڵľѪӦԣЩƺˣȴ顣
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еݣԿޱ˶̸ĿüأϧĶУ汦̸١
ʿƲὫŷϣǰʣʱʵǿܲڡ
ȴ֪Ʒ򸾶ɽ֮УǾ͸½ɣУλ
鲻ǣĿǰȻ򲻹ȫԲҲԼûʲô취ģȴȻԸǵλպҲ֪ԼǷ񻹻硣
ԣޱ֮ţãûΪϡ
ޱҪҲûʲôֵĵطֻǲ̸ܵƻˣǡãֻΪ˵õ𵤣ƻһɸȴûʲô뷨
⽫żһߣת˰ǵƿһƿڣװżʮɫʯ裬ˡ
Щ𣬱һ£鵱õһŵ֪ƿڵӦǵ衣
ֶԪŵۣһּõıһʮϡٵĵرΪҲǿǼѵ֮ɳƵˡ
һĵ裬ƷױȽϵһЩĴڣлʴڵģʿһãպЩͰ
һƿеҺͬδʣƷҲȽϸߵģ֮󣬾ûġ
ıȷʵʮֲ壬ǲģõı֮õġ
ڵڶƿڣһöɫĵ裬ӵƿ֮еıǩ·ޱµһС֣˽ƿеҩƺ;ô
ƿ֮ڵǳƻ񵤣ֵҩǿϣֻµʿãֻǣ˵ŻҪ
ֵҩڽɽӵ֮УʮмֵģҪԶ׵軹Ҫࡣ
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396 ׼
ǰֿ֮ʼ鿴ˣǵ䡱ʵһŲֽ㡣
ֽ֮ϣȴһּ
䣬һ¯ڣԾ̵̣ΪʮϽ֮ͬԻ¯ǧŰ·ɣ˵֮Ч֪
ֽ֮ڣһϢ֮ڣȴǹ⡰ʮϽյ֮һóȻǿȡöҩضʱ١
ǧŰ귽ɵĵҩ֪Ȼģʱõĵҩʮֲ˭ɵġ
ڴ֮УһʮĵҩΪʮϽ˿ɵ֮ˣ֮󣬿ʹʿһԾž̤ɽףҺҲ١
ңڴʿ˵ʮϽţƣʹʿһ˴ϣɾ֮¾Ÿ磬ʮϣʮͨ
ԣһöʮϽʹʿӴ˳δвСǱƾΪ˵ȵҩβ
ֵҩĴڣȫǴƽĴڣһʿ֪ˣζȻ̫á
Լʮأϰ꣬գǿһԵɾ
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ǣһ̣ӦõԼΪ˲ٵ»ص۷壬ҸһﵽԲľ硣
ˣҲõ˲ٵѴﵽһޡ


397 ᵤ
˵裬һ֮鱾ѻΪٴεõ»ع۷塣
û¯ԪԵ貹Ϊõ˶ңԪҲõ˴
һһԪЩѴԲ״̬𵤾ֻһ֮
ʱѾˣʼᵤˣǣϰһ죬Ԫʢ֮ʱٴ뵽˻¯֮ڡ
ڽɽӱʿ˵ûᵤбף̽ᵤʱ䣬иŨл֮飬ᵤ֮ʱЧѡ
ǣײҲͬԣ˽ᵤʱִ٣¼֮ʱ׼ȷڵԪתҲѲٿأѱ
ֱ׶ˣ˵ûʲôģҲͬıʿһ㣬ڽᵤ֮ʱ¼ƣγʲôġ
ᵤֻΪ˽ᵤֻҪɣƷҲߣ֮ûеƣβҲûʲô
ֽᵤĵãֻڽɽӵ֮УŻã磬㲻ûΪ׸ԣɴ಻
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ԪۼΪ裬ʱڸԪѪӿȥؽ֮£¯ڣҲʼֳһ˿˿ף¯¯⣬һҰ
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ʿУ֮٣ȻߵȴǡȻ֮ȻУת֮
ʿؼ˶֮Է
ԣħޣ֮ʼдҵպΪԽߣҵԽء
ʶʿУиĽ־Է֮٣ɨ˶ƽأţβɨӬ
֮٣ʿȡ֮ҵһʱڣҲǴоžУΣյĽ֮һ
Ȼڽᵤ֮ʱнѣǽɽһеģЩҲˣȴҲһЩ磬ᵤ֮ʱƽ˾߽ѡ
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Ӧϵ磬һ֮󣬾͸ָ̬֮׽٣мɵȴδľµġ
Ҹоһ£ԼʵȷʵѾˣһԼĽףӦķΧ֮ڡ
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Խ𵤡ΪΪһġߡ롰н顱Խ𵤾Ҳʿʶǵһʱڡ
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磬νϹʿΪһľ֮һ㶼˵ɾͽ𵤴һɽ𵤣½һˡ
ɴ˿֪𵤵Ҫԣ޳˽֮ʿʵһʵķԾƼ룬ɽҲԳεġ
Ǵ˽ʿڽᵤ֮ʱҪԼĸ뵽֮ڣʹԼ㹦壬Ӵ˺ģ˸Դ
һһ㣬ʿպЩ֮ʱ죬ʩչ֮󣬹֮Ҳɱ
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˵ĻᵤѶȣʿѶȿҪСģֻҪרĶԿ׽پͿˡ
ڴᵤʹ¼ƣʹ¼Ҫʱ䣬ȴܼٵģŰپʮĽᵤޣԲܼٵģ򣬽᲻ɾת𵤣ĪԲˡ
õǣûᵤʱԴ̵ģֻҪʮձˣû˿¼ƵӰ죬ʮսᵤ˵Ҫ̫ɡ
ᵤǱȽףʱڣʵѾɽˣֻǣ𵤵Ʒʣôġ
ĵ֮УѾһˣֻдĴָͷһСڽᵤʱ䣬ֻת𵤵ĲΡ
ĥ𵤵Ḷ́ȴȽ˳ģҪʲôģ׾ͿˣǣǲϺµĽףȴȽϷˡ
׵սǿֳܹɾתڣÿһתڣǾʮ죬֮ӦҲһ㡣
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ǾŰپʮսᵤʱȷʵȽϳˣʱ䣬ʹʿ˵ҲһȽϳĽᵤʱ䡣
񣬽ᵤʱձ̵˾ʮգ¶һ㣬ȴǼ̵һʱˣڴ󲿷ֵ磬ᵤҪʱ䣬¶Ҫµġ
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398 
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ʱ򣬻¯еĻ棬Ȼ£һ˿˿ĻҷڣתԪӿڡ
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תѾɾͲˣ֮УԳɾ;ת𵤵ʿʵ̫ϡˣʹת𵤣Ҳһʮϡٵġ
תѾʮѵˣת֮ʮת𵤣ѵãɽӵ磬ӹ񣬿ԳɾԲ𵤵ģԲ֮
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Ԥ֮ڣΪپתʿܵĵ٣׵֮٣ʮת֮ʱԲ𵤣Ѿ׵֮ˣǵ֮١
Ȼһ̣Ժ֮ڣļ䣬׳ʶЩ䣬ʮ꾡侳ģѾ˵飬ֶ
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һ֮󣬵ʱոĺ֮£һƣѾָˣԪۻ붦ʢ
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Ԫ˲٣һָоǿ˲˼ĵزʹҲǿģνĵǹ룬Կġ
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֪Ҫ㣬ֱΪҩԡȶԣ˿Ȼ㾡ȫʹǽ׳Ͻ衣
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399 
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ȫӦԽоԽ죬ڵ˼޷⡣
ȴжϣ˵£ʱʹһͨ޳ɽʿʮ֮ڣ𵤺ڡ
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޳ɽ𵤣ѾʮּˣҪʱʮ굽һ겻ȣʱһöҩȥʱɳɽ𵤣ԹŽݾĪˡ
ӦĽ⡰Ͻ֮ڣʱǿհףΪʿ֮ӡ롰Ͻ֮ڣſʹá
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˽һ衢ҵͨɵֳ֣롰ϽڣǸƹȥһ㡣
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ͬ磬طȻͬҩȴһģֻҪǵҩá
ԣʿʮϽ֮󣬿ֱӳΪ𵤾ʿùʲô͵ҵĻۡ
֮£ʮϽһЩãʿ˵ҲСġ
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ȡһֻƿʮϽװƿ֮У齫ƿ˴֮У󣬴Щ

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Լٶȣӿ·ˣ֮֮ϣӡǣһĺۼ

۶Χһصأ²֪׵һִĵ֮Уľ֮
һĻ֮ǰֳһԲһĶɢ˾ҵĻ⣬ĻϻһԵĺۼŻİͼĳһط׹ˡ
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սһ仰˵Ļ֮ǰһֳ߽Ļ״壬üһ£ʵУԼһǽĵص𣿡
һǽ˻ĵľڣڹ˵ϣ˳֮Уܼĵ϶ǲеġ
һĸУһԳввǸиפһᷢ䵼Ǵġ
һǣ׹ˣڿĦĹ֮УȻȼմģ˵֮ϣʣµʯСȻģһ֮£Բܴв
ǣҲһ⣬ҪפĲ֣Ǵʯ顣
ԣҵļ㣬׹ĵص㣬ڻĵĿԼ󡣡
æش
ΪһоУǳֵһ̣Ѿ˼㣬׹ķλԤ⡣
һĻ꽫ɫһ·ͷܺã䵽һ£ҲǧҪиģȻúõĹ۲죬һ˱䶯Ҫ֪ͨҡ
ںƽһǵ飬ѾʮҪˣһ㶼ǵɵһҪɵģǧġ
ǡ
ˣᶨĻشˡ
ܾ㣬һǵ㣬пǻǣҲδزģԣشϵ£иˡ


400 Ƿɴ
һ޴ţϯ˻ģĵĸұֽ̨Դ˽˱ȴһǣʣ׹˲
ֶ䲻ɼɼǣҲ̫ϡٵĶĵشﲩÿһ꣬һԿ
һε飬֮ԿֵôȴһǣǷͬǳ֮ʱĵˣȻԿϵĲˣԿһЩġ
һǣʹγĻҲֻǾһģǣһεһǣʹֻһţ꣬ҲȻųɹâ
һǣǺڶ̫һ㣬һ̻֮ʱֹâҫصġ
һǣֳôĶǱȽټģңһ֮лĹ켣ʱ仹ǱȽϳģȻﵽ˽ӡ
һʱ֮Уǻ֮ʱĹڣһĻˣǲٵģȫ֮ϵˣвٿˡ
ôĶôϡٵ飬ҵЩֽ͵ӣôܲǣڻĹڣγһ硣
ǸţҲˣûеһ£Щ֮飬ȫûзϡ
ûзϣǣȴ飬ⲻγ͹ˣһҪϢ
ʲô˵ǸǷɴûпЦɡ
˾γ˵ϢһֱԼĶ䣬˫۵ɴ˼㣬𺳵ĵ
γ֣صĵͷʮĵ鳤ҿû˵ѻ飬ڹҵϲ㣬ѾˣĿǰϢѾõ˷ͨںȨޡλˣ϶ǲ֪ġ
˾γһͣȻдɣǣȴҲһģǸʣ̫һǣ㲻Ƿɴ
Ȼû߳򣬷̽ɴҲֻܵͻǣǣĲ²⣬ȴһ̶ûͣϢġ
ĿƼչĲ²⣬һֱûֹͣģֻϵһЩӰƬƷС˵֮ģϵ˵ģҲ֪ж١
˵ͨ˶˵Ĵڻ̫ȷǲмһ˵ĻȴԿ϶ˣʮֿ϶ġ
δĳʱ䣬ƽеĳռ䣬һƼģΪ˴ӿƼһתǣôյģȴ顣
Ȼ֪ĴڣһǷɴ׹䵽֮ϣҲ̫ܽܵ顣
ֻǣҲ̫һЩǧ꣬ûʵ֤ݣ䵽ϣȴû뵽ʱȻˡ
û뵽һǷɴ䵽˻ģˣγ֣ǵȨ޺͵λӦÿȥһɡ
γ˵
ڻ֮УȻǷɴܳ黹ʮֺģϾԼҲĲ
ҪȥһǷɴ˺֮⣬ҲҪѰһǷжԼĶ
γЦǵȨޣȻǿԵģң鳤ȥҲеģѾ񡣡
Ŷ񡣡
üͷһЩ⡣
ļΪ鳤ǼǸ߸ϣԴﵽ˹ҼȻˣ;γһĸȡġ
Ҫ֪ʹֵľֳҲǸļ𣬶ļֵľֳȫһϡ
ϣҿ˹ֵ棬ǣȫԲڹֵľֳһ˵ԽģҲֻлĹǾŸҼ쵼
Ȼֻҿ˹ҵ֮£϶Ҫ쵼һЩӣ𵤾Ϊȫ˭ġ
Ȼγ˵潻ģ뵽ˣģ϶ǻľ;ͷ֮һǾһľ
ĸʵ֮ϣѾ˾춯صĵһˣ˭ᣬǣ͹ԵĻžͷӣǲܲġ
ĹҲһչʱңҵ쵼жԺһʲôǵģʹˣû⡣
ڻȴһˣһΪ٣ΪٵģʹԱˣҲȻܹҵĽΪǰһЩȨġ
ǾžͷĹҼʹˣǰҲȻڹ֮еλ߸ϵģʹһţ涼Ҫ
ԣڻĹңֻҪ͹ԣ͹ҶŸɵĻһҪžͷһЩӵġ
γͷȻĵǺ飬ǷɴʲôǿǴοƼģڵеĹ˵һջ󡣶һΣǻĹҾȻһôһǷɴȻ׹䵽˹ҵĲҿ϶ҪоǷɴϵοƼ
Ƿɴ׹ڹҲʱɵĶǲСģҪзֵĵطڻĹڣǣĹңҲ״ĴڣѱЩҵļǷֲǷɴĴڡ
ڵ֮ϣʵǿĹң죬ᣬ䵽ϵĹңǸġ
˵ʱ޿̲Щǵļ֮£Ƿɴ׹֮ʱȻǣǣδزᱻ֣ǿʵǷɴ
һΪ׵һЩҷһ㣬ǿ϶ݵģȻǰģҪռ߻ٻһǷɴ
Ĺҵ쵼˵һʱ뵽һ㣬´ҪǸ֪ĸ֡


401 ɳĮ
һѵĹңǽ֮ʱǿ֣ò׽ˣȴΪǿľ÷ʹùҵľóʱûеõչ
ĸ￪֮󣬹ҵľõõ˳ķչȫ׷󾭼Ч棬»⵽صƻ
ڻĵһƬĵطѾɳĮˣһûľûˮĻĮ֮أһ޴ݿӳзԲӡ
ɳĮ֮أͨ˵УԳ֮Ϊ֮ˣһ˵һЩϲ˶ϲ̼ð֮⣬ٺԸġ
ʹǻ߽սʿһҲᵽʶȫһϡٵľأˡ
ǣһʱ䣬⴦˵صĵط˲پӣǸ֮ȫΧ˽ϡ
ʣǸ֮УǷɴ׹ĵطһǵˣȻǷɴķ϶ǲȾָġ
ھγʻķϣɳĮ֮ʱԿķȻʮϣںͰڣޱȵġ
Ҫֲ˿ģҪһŵſԽصˮйͨ
һŵı滹²ȫùֺҲ˹ȥҪһ˿¶һġ
˾Ӫ֮ǰͣγʿһ֤űС
ĵʮǿģһһеĵطʱ䣬ȻһӪ
ӪȷʵˣҲȽϣǣǿԿģִٵĵط٣һֱͨӪɵûжôļӲʵ
һ޼ʵɳĮ֮Уǻɳ΢һЩĶѹ棬᰼ȥҲˡ
Ҫĵطһƽʵĵ·ʵ̫ˣʶ߹ӡۡ
Ӫ֮Уγͣ³һ³ӭˣһ׳˺һˡ
ʣλͬ־ǹֵ𣿡
׳˶˵ǰһʵ
γһ񣬵ͷǵģǹֵģĵǲǰ֤İȫҵĹ֤
һ˵ţγһߴӻͳһ֤ݸ׳ˣ׳ӹһۣ㻹˾γ
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׳ꡰžһٴһ񣬾ʮֳĵ
ڻĵĹٷְλ֮Уһŵųյط㣬شĴڣھľΣһУ֮ġ
γôְλǲĴڣļڻĹУ·ŵطĻȻǷ⽮һġ
ܾ;γְλ̫ˣﵽܾʹܶһӣҲδؿԴﵽĳ̶ȣ־޴Ĳ֮£ܾʾ˹
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Ҳ˾γĹ֤֪λ𶼺ܸߣȻͬǲҵģæ
λͬ־Ҳá
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λԶȥϢһ£ҷԸ׼͡
ܾγ齨
γûеһʱش𣬶תͷʵ֣ء
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ͬ־ͬ־ȲϢˣȥһǷɴɡ
Ȼ֣γҲûа취ܾ˵
ǷɴγȻҲȤǣȤȴûôΪ񣬲ŶǷɴʮָȤġ
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ܾڳһ֮󣬲ŴӦ
ǣܾĴ֮£һžӪȥܾɲǾˣżˣ֮ʱģڵ߹һĺۼ
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γˣʵȻṦҲԣڵ߹֮ʱһǳǳĺۼǣ飬ȴġ
ߣʵ˫Ÿûմأ߹֮֮ϣһۼû
һŵΪ˱ǷɴŵģȻȻģһǷɴ˾ӪģҲ̫Զ
Ƭ֮һ˱㿿һĴ󶴣δǰ֮ʱѾоһɲͬϢ
߼Դ
鿿Ǹӵʱ򣬲Ÿоһ˿ͬϢѾԺзˣƵƵģֹ
Ȼмߵܣǣ̣һûиһ֮£Ǹûֶġ
ǣڴʱ˿̣ȴֳһʮ˷ܵһ㣬оһЩ졣
Сôˣ
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Ļ֮״̬תܿѹˣǣȻʮּĵҸоԴĸ߼Դ
֪֪߼Դʲô˵ĸϸЩ𣿡
ȻʮԻ󣬲ʵ
õҲһˣǣ黹治֪и߼Դһ£к档
Ҫ˵Դֶ硢ý𡢷֮ģԴڸ߼Դ黹û˵


402 ֹ
֪ܲ߼ԴʲôǣƾҲԲµõν߼Դǵ͵ԴһŻ
ȻĻشҲ֤ʵĲ²⡣
߼Դǳ֮зֵһ̺˼ƷʹȵһԴϵĸ߼̫ࡣ
ش
һһ΢΢ͷȻȻ˼֡
ˣոտɫ˼Īǣָ߼Դкôɣ
ʹ߼ԴһֱȽϡٺĶڵϸûУǣûõĻӦҲֵ˼ɡ
һ˵⻰Ӽˣԣ߼ԴȷʵкôõĻұѸٻָˣʹһλָȫʢ״̬ҲԻָٵģʱҲõô
ܵشܹİʵ̫ˣʹռ䣬תһ磬Ÿո˽𵤾ĳ̶ȡ
ܹõ߼ԴĻõһ̶ȵĻָʱ򣬱ԷһЩ飬Ϊˡ
δһ죬ٶȱ֮ǰ϶ҪϲٵģĺôҲǲ١
һ뵽ЩҲʼˣԼʵܹõǿʵһµġ
ţ鲻ɸӼǣȴȻѹţı飬ֶ̫ˡ
һӶǰ֮ʱһ˵ĽŲͣʱеһǷɴҲʼ¶ɽһˡ
˵Ƿɴʵ̫ǷɴԳ֮ΪɵģΪǷɴһӡ
꣬Ƿɴʮֻ𱬣UFOǻޱȵģң磬֪˿UFOżʵġ
ԭǷɴİǷɵ
Ƿɴһ̣γ̾
ӵǷɴȷʵʮעĿģһֱﵽʮɳ̵һɵֳһֱΣ״Ӧڷеġ
ڿзУܵǿ̬Ƿɴڷ֮ʱᱻСС
ڷɴ棬ֳһ֮ɫһϹ۵ɫ;γȥʱ򣬷·ԿһĨڷɴ֮ת
һĨ⣬·̫µľӣڹâҫ֮£һĨھ֮ϲϵ˸ޱȡ
UFOû뵽ϣȻзɵĴڣ˵Ļ˵Ĵڡ
ܾһ䣬̾ĵ
˵γܾˣκڵϵڼǷɴ¶ʮֳԾģ̾ǰʮʮΨ׵߸ˡ
һǷɴɳ֮ˣһǷɴһƷƵġ
۵ɴʮƯ٣顢γܾɵˣֱһϸƷ
ΪһƷƵķɴ㲻߱ɾʹˣʵһҷɴǼΪǿġ
ͨ̽飬Ѿ֪ˣǷɴ֮ϣװǿ糬ܼ⡢ڡ˷Ӧȣʮǿ
Щǿޱȵģһ˵ըҩ֮ģҪǿġ
ַڣһȥԺһɽ壬ٻֺγǧ׵ɽ壬ɼڵǿᡣ
ʵ˽𵤾ΪʹһĵԸɵùǣַڵһ㲻ãֱӻġ
Ƿɴʲôģ鲻̫ǣ񶮰ǷɴʱǹرյģҪȥĻȴûġ
һ룬ܺãǷɴֶǱȽټģò׼һΣôҲҪȥιһ²ǡ
ٲǷɴȥʱܾɵɫ΢΢һߣɶһۣһоڲС
߳ȻͣˣܾɲŰ¶˾ģҪǰȥֹ飬ֹͣˣһ³һ
ܾɵţǷɴõǲκ˿κˣȻǲĻߣ߹ڵͬС
ղţܾɻڿգһҪȥĻӦô죬Ͼ;γļ̫ˣʹûпļ𣬾γģǿġ
֮£ҪǿĻ»˵ʹˣ˺½СЬ
˵ĵľԳϵһĵط߹ֵģͬϵĹߣʹͬΪҹԱҲֲ˾ӡ
ǣ¶ģ̶ȣڻ֮У˹ҼĴãǵĵλˣֱܲӲ־ӵ飬ҹϵǶھȥġ
˭룬֮ͣ󣬲ͣϢǰȥǷɴԸžγ˵֣׼ȥһϡ棬ȥ
ð
γ۾һǷɴҲЩģͷӦˡ
УУλ٣ǲܽȥ
ܾһæֹ
ղͣ½Ų֮ʱܾɵǾϲޱȵģ˭룬鲻ԼҪȥȻĶγһͲˡ
ǰܾγɫ΢΢һΪʲôܽȥ
ܾһĵ٣´һǷɴڹɳоרҵ֮ǰκ˽룬˿ġ


403 
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ǷɴζοƼЩĹĿƼõһʵ
ڹϣȻһǿƼϡϣǾϣǣһᣬģһЩʱȣһһЩġ
οƼо֮󣬸㲻ãĵĿƼõһʵȡᣬΪһ
ΪʶǷɴҪԣĹžͷ´֮УȻܾɵõɲ˵ġ
ܾɵĵȼȽϵͣ´ģǾ˾ԱʹˣܾҲģǷɴ˼æֹ
ֹܾγɫһò̫ÿˣĵһȷʵȥǣҲǿǵõҪ֤ǷɴİȫȥһοԱ֤ȫ
ֹܾܵγҲûзֻǣЩˬģǣţȡۡ
ܾᶨԼԭҡͷУ٣㲻ҪΪǣĲҪΪѣҲûа취ġ
ֹܾʼüͷѾ壬ʮֲˬˣʱһ֮£Ҳᣬֱǰȥ
ֱֱ߹Ҫƿһеӣܾɫ΢΢һ䣬æǰ˵٣ǵĹ
ÿ
üͷһĵ
ڽǷɴ֮У־ڱصõģһʼֻǺĻ֪Ƿɴ֮УȻи߼Դ֮Դ־ڱصõġ
кǳ֮£ǰߵĽŲͣȻֱֱܾײ˹ȥܾɫ΢䡣
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ܾһںüƣѾֱײ˹ȥܾûзӦ֮ʱѾײϣ䡰䡱һײ˳ȥ
ܾĸо֮УԼƱһײˣ֮ȣĵģ㣬һ±ײʮ֮Զ
žһܾΣײʮ֮һµ뵽˵֮ϣȻҳһӡ
Һãȫɳӣܾҵ˵ϣûشģˡ
ȻҲʮֿƣԸɱˣܾҲֻΪԼѣĸ
֪Լʮзִ磬ܾǱûᣬǰȥĽŲһ㶼ͣģǰˡ
ܵ治ˮأֻɳأǣһˤȻܾоʮֲ£һۡ
ʹĸо֮£ܾȴȻһ𣬻ȥ飬ȴˡ
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ܾ˵
΢΢ҡͷ˵˰ɣѾˣȴûЧʹȥλҲġңλٵֶβƻйӣǲǶ֣ס
ɻһЩû˵ᷳˣĶɱ֣ɾͲ̫ˣʱ˵ĵطûС
ΪֵǣɲŽܾˣܾǴܾԸȻе³çǣ֮ദǲġ
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ܾʮֿƵĵ
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ŶΪΣ
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һ룬ܾĵһ룬¶һ˿Цݣֻǣһ˿ЦδŶ֮ʱѾȴˣɵۡ
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ɵŴܾ֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬תɣüίô£㲻˵ǷɴŴ򲻿𣿡


404 ڲ
ǷɴĲŴˣһâ֮£ʧˣǵܾ첻ѣһеʮġ
Ҫ֪ڷǷɴ֮74ŵһʱõش˴ԱǷɴİȫ
ʱǸǽӴһǷɴҲҪиʲôģҪɵ֮УǣȴûҵڣʱֱȽޣղ֮
ȴܹȥôףʮ𾪵ģͷӦ˹
ųҲȥ
ɵһҪǰȥ
ܾУǲܽȥûеõȥĻ»ܵͷġ
ܾȻƢȽϻһ㣬ǣûôعأǷɴ֮С
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һ򿪵Ż¹رն֮ʱǷɴ»ع鵽Բ״̬ƻȻһƵģǴŻĵطѾˡ
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ܾɫ߷ߵģȭͷ𣬾ҪǷɴһȭ
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ʵܾǲģھϵͳ֮УǱΪõľ٣ǣΪܾĳƢ׳嶯Ը񣬵ˣ⵽˶෽Ĵѹ
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һ£ܾſһ£˼֮ڣѹ
ɺܾˣγˣһﵢˣԼͽɴ֮ˡ
ЩźǣγҲûз˼ǷɴЩ棬ȴҲҪһʱȥ
Ծγļպ󣬼ʹҿһǷɴеһЩȨޣ϶Ʋγлȥġ
ȻǸʱһЩΪҪĶ϶ᱻҽصģһҪȥһܵġ
ʹγļȽϸߵˣҪǷɴߡõĶҲǲܵģĲܡ

һҫ۵Ĺâ֮УоһֵߵĸоͷϽƵģһִƵĸо
ֶҲٵģڽһЩʱҲִ͵ĸо
һЩѣĸо֮£˫䵽ʵ֮ʱǰ˸Ĺâһʧˡ
һΪĿռ䣬һĿռ䣬һƽ׵ķݣҪġ
һƬռ䣬ޱȵģʮֿտֻڿǽǵλãһ̨һĶԱ߻һЩӡ
տķ䣬һ࣬ȻһЩȽϸ߿ƼĶ鿴ţЩǵӻߵ֮ġ
С˵ĸ߼Դ
һɨﲻи߼Դӣ鲻ʵ
߼ԴȻڲֿ
ֿָһ£ȴʱ䡣
ǿдģػɣܾģʱ򣬱鷳ˡ
Щ鷳⣬ǣȴҲΪ鷳ģжһ㣬ʹ鷳ѾɶˣЩҲû취ġ
õġ
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һʮֿڣǷɴĴֿڴĺ棬ָ֮£Ųֿȥ
һǷɴȻʮָģ򲻿ǷɴĲţ˵ˡ
ˣûȨ޵ĻһǷɴ֮нͨģᱻɸӡ
ҪΪһǷɴֻĻǿᣬʹڣҲһлģһЩס
һжģ񱾾ǸܵĽᾧָ߿ƼĶİ
δǷɴ֮ʱֻʮӵʱ䣬ƿǷɴԣߵȨޡ
Ҫ֪ʹǷɴĽ˵ҲȨ޵ģߵȨޣǸǹңֻ˵ڶȨޡ
˴ĺ󷽣ǰһǽһʮʵһǽһ˿˿ĺۼûУߵʱȴһ΢ġꡱ֮£һǽϾҲѳһŻ
һأԳһɹһͨеŻ߽ȥ֮ʱɼһȴСһĿռ䣬װණ
ʣǲֿˣڲֿ֮УһӣڲֿһǣһЩͭһĶ
ЩƷһЩһЩе֮Ķֻܴ²һ;ȴȻ˽ġ
Сָ߼Դʲôط
ʵ


405 ߿ƼƷ
ڲֿĽ֮Уһӣָ֮£ҵеӣ֮󣬿ɼһʯͷһĶ
һɫʯͷһĶ·ú̿һƷָĸ߼Դÿһʯͷ඼ȭͷСӡ
һĸ߼ԴǾרŵģСƶģǲһȭͷСģ
ԣԣЩǸ߼ԴҪˡ
һ˸߼ԴʱԵøӼˣԸоõ˷ܣݣк᲻һֱӽеԴһɨˡ
ðɣɡ
ͬˡ
ŴӦǰһ𶯣·ˣһ貵ƵϣĹâһĺɫʯͷɨȥˡ
һֳȻɫɫâתݵһ貹âһЩɫʯͷ֮ϣЩʯͷ漴䵭ʧ֮䡣
и߼Դ֮˷֮ԼԸоõϣһȲĸо¶
ҪȥЩԴˣһǷɴ֮УûʲôֵעĶʶһµĻ߶ѾΪеȨޡ
ڴҴææ˵һ֮󣬵ϢȥôٻûжǼĲУȥЩԴˡ
ҲûʲôֵģͶԴʮעأ磬ԻδؼñȵЩԴġ
ʵʱòָеƣ֪ģ죬ò׵õ˻ָʵĻᣬȻȲġ
˵֮£ĹܺʵӲһʵָһЩȴһˣֳʵȻǿġ
ȻѾԴȥˣֻԼȥˣڲֿ֮һ£һЩ֮УһЩö
ҵһƴСһһĶķģеС˰˷֮һֻӡ
һһСֻһι׹ԹڲϣһƷ
һо֮£Ͽȷˣȷʵһ൱ֻߵһĿƼƷֻҪİťһ㣬һĻ
ִᣬƼٷչԵķչѸ٣ңֻҲ𽥱øˣȻ׷˵ԵһЩˡ
֮£СĻֻߴĻֻ֮䣬ԾСĻֻȻãϷȴЩ㣬ĻֻϷܺãǣֻãȴе㲻㡣
һĶȫûⷽĹǣֻҪһмİť֮󣬻γһĻֱ֮һ
һĻߴǿԵڵģԵĴģҲû⣬ʲôʮ硢ʮĴ磬ȫûġ
ڵʲôƻֻƵ֮ģһһĶǰֱˣȫԱ⡣
Сֻаһƣ·ʵһ㣬ֳһɫɫһʮִһ㡣
棬ԸоõöƲʣһֽһůĽ
һĽӦǱģǣֽϣȴһůĸожʮȵӡ
öٲҪֻ͵ˣԺҵֻ͵ԣ֮ϣǶġ
滹һӣ齫֮˲ϣо
֮⣬黹õһһ糤ֳ̡ͨһֺںڵƷ·һƵġ
ʱеʱһʼʱҲΪһͨĹڹ֮ϣһذť֮һжˡ
齫Ǹťһ֮ʱӹ֮ϣһɫĺƹһĶ
һ֮ʱһˣһһɫĹߣһ̣оΣգеĹһˡ
ֻһ糤ֳ̣ͨɫһһӣֱŵ֮ȥˡ
žһ֮֡ಡһ֮һɫĹߣһºһϣǸӻһָСĶס
ĪǣǼ⽣
֮󣬵˫΢΢һˣ΢΢֮󣬽ϵǸɫĹˡ
⽣Уһ֮£ɼǺɫĹâǰһٴλһϣٴγһСĿ׶
һ֮ϿԿ϶ˣһѼ⽣ȷʵһָ߿ƼƷСġ
һ¼ǹһķ̶ҲģⷽԿƼʵδĲ̫ġ
õö֮¸ˣŬĲҪõĺöǣһ
ڲֿвһ£˼⽣һƵĸ߼ֻ֮⣬ʣĶȻ㲻ǣǰļ⽣Ƶֻȴġ
࣬Ѱ֮£ЩҲʵûʲôãǣ뿪˲ֿ⡣
һϹģıȽţƵɴУһЩǱȽҪģ٣һЩҪĲ١
νȸСȫǷɴȷʵ̫󣬵ǣдֿ⡢ϴּȵȣһٵġ
˵Ƿɴ˺ģҲеطҪȥģϴּ䣬ûôҪˡ


406 ʻ
Ƿɴ棬һҪ뵽Ƿɴ֮Уĺ֮⣬Ҫջһʵ˼
һζĺ棬ȫԲҪһ뵽Ƿɴ֮Уϧܾǿƽ룬Ϊ˵õһЩö
Ū߼ԴΪ񣬵Ƿɴ֮УȴһˣĿģҲΪ˸ԼõһЩôġ
Ȼڲֿ֮УõһЩôõһ⽣һöƣջ񲻴ġ
õ˼⽣֮һǰȥҩҺãȥո߼Դ֮ǰԺһͼ
Ӳֿ֮гٴλص˴֮УԱһת˾ֻֿһ֮Զһطһꡱһ֮£ǽϵǽѿˡ
ǿҲһһǽڣֳһ׵ɫʮֵĹ⻬ʮֵĻۣһطĪѿˣͨ˼ˣл󾪵ġ
ǣ־ѾöˣǸоƽŻһ򿪣˽ȥ
һȲֿСһһ䣬еĿռ䲻󣬲˺üӣ棬ڷһֵҩƷ
ЩҩƷһЩõҩ衢һĶһЩ֮ģ߰ҩƷС
ֻһʮСĿռ䣬ҩƷǲٵģһȭҩƷϵһЩ֮ģԼ
֣ܿǣҲһϡ棬ңб޻뷨ҩƷȫһ롣
һҩƷǲٵģν෱࣬ÿһֵҩƷеҩƷ࣬еȴ١
Ϊ˲Լ齫еҩƷȫһ룬ǵһһҩƷͬ¡
ִĿƼչȻʮѸٵģҽѧķչҲһʮָĵزǣĲ֢κõġ
ǿƼϵĿƼ˲ٵģֻһСɵֻߵԣԼ⽣Կˡ
ôοƼҽѧˮƷȻҲģЩҩƷ㲻ñκһЩ֢ġ
ţЩҩƷ֮ģֿɲģûнеҩƷһɨգѾˡ
ȷʵǸӵģЩҩƷ䵽˹ҵùǰоĻ㲻ã߹ҵҽѧˮƽ
ҽѧˮƽ⣬йڻ˰֢֮󣬵òЧƣֻеˣʹһЩпİ֢ͨİ˵ֻͬе
Ī߰Ĳ֢βãһЩкС֮õİ֢֮ģҲܴڽҽԺҪͽǮҹᣬҪеĲ֢ͨ˸β
Ҳ֪ʶ˶һ˻˰֢ʹϣǣƷ̫ˣҪʮϰΪ˲ӡŮۼֻͥĿţȥƣĽȻˡ
ЩҩƷڹҽƻоܹõһЩЧҩκǰĲ֢֮βĳɱ˵һµġ
ڻˣ磬¶һ£ԣʹЩС̰ģȴҲһζ˽֪һЩ
Ȼԭ֮⣬һԭЩҩƷڲ֪ҩƷЧǰ֮£ʹԼԳԣһжϲǵЧ
˵Ҳôɵ飬Щҩ˭֪ʲôûиãߣûжҩ֮ģԳԾ
ҩﲻֻͼ⽣֮ĶԼʵ飬һƷ÷ܵͲԣǲ֪ҩ÷Чġ
˵ĻʹдĸҩƷǣԭ򣬸޷õģʹҩ֣ҲԷõģҩƷ൱ûеġ
ЩҩƷһ룬ùоһ£Щѧһҽѧ֮ģܿͿԸЩҩƷ;ˣʱ鵹̽һ£֪ЩҩƷ÷
ĵĿƼ緶Χ֮ڣܲţƵģǣ˵ĵķ켼˵ǵ漼϶ģκһҶȲϵġ
ԣǸģĹҵĿѧһҽѧңһоһЩġ
뿪ҩ֮Ƿɴĺġʻȥˣ뿪ҩȥ˴֮ʱǰһǽڡ
ʻյλãֿλ෴ģһ⻬ǽ֮ǰʱֹ֮ͣһ⻬ǽһ´ˡ
⻬ǽһ򿪣鵱˽ȥһȲֿҪһЩķ䣬һУ˫һµɵùԶˡ
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ǷɴǷɴʻҲǷɴ֮УƼߵһطϵ£ȫһĻһĶԵù⻬ޱȣճӰӡ
ڼʻյǰһ̨Ǿһ˸ߵƽ̨沼һİťť֮ϵҲһ֮ģһۿȥеԵļ̡
˿̨֮ǰһһƵԼһƽ̨ɵˣЩֺЩҩƷһģһһʶ
ڿ̨ǰվ˽֮ǰһĻžһ´ˣǵһ±ˣˡ
Ļһ򿪣мһһɵˣʶһһǣƬ֮úˡ
ˣұˡ
ҡҡͷڼʻǸϸէࡣ


407 ѧ
ڼʻ֮Уûеõʲôöַ߼Դ˼ʻеһ֮У
߼Դ֮⣬ûеõκεõıеʧ
Ȼеʧǣܵ˵黹ʮָ˵ģ٣õһ߿ƼֻõһѼ⽣
ƷҪģЩ߼Դջ䣬˵ࡣ
֮£黹ʲôģҲûʲôջֱ֮뿪Ƿɴ
ʱܾɺ;γȻǷɴ֮⣬ò˵ܾǾҵ
һ֮ʱγ˫۵һæʵ֣ôǷɴ֮Уεľɫ
ЦЦ˵кܲǷɴƼʮֳڡ
γЦϻǷɴƼˮƽ϶ҪߣǷɴȻһӣԿˡ
ǷɴòԿˣȻһ֮£һ˿ۼûУοԳֲš
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һ˵ҲЩȤˡ
˵ţγŽȥһǷɴȥ֮ʱڷɴ֮ǰվãҲŴ򿪡
ףô£ôûзӦ
γͷɻʵ
γܾҲеɵ۵˼˵ͬˣôôأԽȥĵطΪʲôǾͽȥ
ʼ磬ǱңҲ֪
ȥʱǿǣʱѾڱչˣջĸ߼Դ޷ˡ
ʱĸߣȥ֮ʱֻ黹γЩƵģҲûҪһ뵽Ƿɴ֮Уǣθ֮ȴûȥ
γȻɣ˽ȥķֻǲԸԼˣǣȴҲûа취ġ
ܾһȽƺͲˬ潻൱ûɵˣڣӦ潻
ɣͬһЩƺͲ⣬ҪǷɴûʲô˺ռ룬Լȥȴȥˣ֮֪ġ

ò˵ĹķӦٶȻǱȽϿģ;γܾϢ֮󣬹ɳоѾˡ
ΪʱĲִٺҪܵԭǷɴΧµһŵıȻʮϣǣסȴ̫õġ
ڸɺĽһëɳĮ֮УôʹҪôãҲǲܵġ
;γȻǼܸߵĳ٣ǣطҲֻǷ䵽ȽϴѣפɳĮ֮УҲȽϲӦ
;γǸ֣ʹ򲻺ãҲȫûģһ¡
Լ֮УƵֻͼ⽣оûжʱ䣬ҵרұ㵽ˡ
ΪǷɴĳ֣Ҹ˸߶ȵӣɳרңڻĹҲǶһģܲе٣ǣҲ͵ġ
ĹĿѧңǱȽܵӵģߵģԴﵽ߸ļ𣬿ɼĹѧܵӡ
һӿѧҽ˵˾Ӫ֮УɨһۣЩߵʮ˵ӣǣŶӵȴǲٵģʮˡ
ЩѧңȫǻĹĹȴèҪèĴڣڻĹ˵ʮҪġ
ʱһըЩȫըĻĹĿƼ֪Ҫ˲ꡣ
ĹĿƼᣬͲģεɹĿѧңڻĹ֮УǶĴڣȫɵˣĹĿƼҲ֪ᵹ˶ꡣ
ҪһѧңͻȻǼģһֱӣΪ
һֱ֧ӣʵʮǿ󣬶ңеҲ˲õģȱ١
Щѧҵܾ֮ӭȥһѧһͷ˵
ʱ򣬾γҲĶ˳֮ʱ˵ЩѧˣǷɴձ㽫о͸ˡ
Ŷ
鿴γ΢ЦЩѧʮֿذֻ֪ܲרҵˮƽ
רң˵ĳһе֮УˮƽﵽʮָĵزſԱ֮ΪרҵģǣЩ꣬ڻĹ֮Уרҵͷʵڲ̫ס
ͷֻҪڵϻֽ߱¶һ䣬ԵõһרҵͷʵĹרѾ֮Ϊשҡˡ
γЦϴЩѧңڽϽġרҡȴͬʵϡˮƽĿѧңˮƽļߵġ
ЩѧңγЩ˽ģϾǰǻģĲݸһڻĹһЩȦӵ飬֪ġ
ĹһЩʮָĿѧңҲʮָߵģһЩˮƽߵĿѧңԴﵽ͸ˮƽ΢һЩģֻҪʵϣҲԴﵽļ
һ𣬼ʹϵͳ֮еģǣεӰҲǼģӰ쵽ϵǨ
γļ𲢲ߣŻ죬ʮֵ־Ҳһ죬ԣŵһЩã߿ԶŲӰһЩá
ΪһЩ˽⣬γſԿ϶ģһǰʮѧңȷʵʮ˲õģʵϵһЩüĿѧҡ


408 
һŵľ񲿶ӣǷɴصģǷܵ˼㣬һֻӬɲȥġ
һڿѧҵĶ˾Ӫ֮ǰѾӪ˷ˣһ֮󣬲ű˽
ʱܾѾ֪ϢȲЩѧӭȥˣܾǼеģѧһ㵽ԼҲһɡ
һǿнǷɴ֮УܾСĴǣȴû취ϾһȼϵṹܾһżС٣θҺӲ
ʱܾѾ鵱һأڽʱ֮Уٳʲô۶ӣԼֵסġ
ԣܾ֪Щѧҵĵô˵ģʱֻҪǷɴЩѧҵˡ
ʱ黹Ƿɴ֮УЩѧҵԵµģЩѧҿɲʲô𲻼ģЩһһ㶼ǱȽӲԸ
Щѧ˵ֻһһ⽫е˼˿ѧоϵģܳΪĹһСˣЩĶ⡢ӪˣܳΪĿѧңԳΪרҡ
ԵģЩǰĿѧң֡רҡһȷ˵飬ţƢģ˭Ӷ
ңҲҪСЩѧҵӰʹĹľžͷЩѧδزҶһµģЩͷû취ġ
ܾɶȥ֮ʱСܾ˵ųǧҪЩϿѧҵǰλٵ״ƽƽ˹ȥ֮ǵıͺˡ
ܾɻе㲻ģܾıƢַˣ¶鲻عصΪʱ˫ֵòÿСܾҲкùӳԵģɣҲпܵǣġ
ʶɲŻܾһ£ǧҪС棬Ϊκ˶оܺõġ
һᵽһ㣬ܾɫһЩԿԿ鲻̫ʹ죬ǻشɵĻ
ίĺˣҲġ
ܾƢȻһ㱩꣬ǣȴҲɵģִ֪СΪʮֺʡ
һӿѧҵǰ֮ʱɵʮѧҵǰһ74ίųӭλٵĵӭλѧˡ
һٱλĹңʹǿѧң֮Ҳ֮ˣͬΪѧҵĳƺȻԿѧϵڵ𣬵ǣϵͳһ֮ʱۡ
ʱʮţѧ֮У߳һ߰ʮߣͷ߰׵İ׷Ҳƣң񻹲
ųίǼͷӹˡ
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гºԶǻĹоɴĵһţҲǻĹڿѧеļţ֮һŵĶ˲ţﵽ˸
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ϣиλϿѧңԶϢһ£죬ٹȥǷɴΣ
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ܾ𱬵ԸȽֱӵԸͬɱȽԲһЩҲӪһЩ˽ҲһЩġ
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ϵͷͬðɣϢһ£ȥǷɴϱȥ
ΪԹʮθеһѧңԼʮѧңʵϣΪףֱϣʱ޿̶ġ
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ͷ˵õģõģȥϢ
ھӪ֮Уܾɴǵıڽܵķֽ֮һЩá
ԿھӪУڷһ޴񣬵Ȼ˵Ǿ޴Ҳʮʮƽ׵ӡ
ʮʮƽףһ䷿ӵĻʵڲʲôһʮխСӣǣһȴһˡ
Դﵽʮʮƽ׵һ񣬻ǱȽϴģҪ֪һֻƽ״Сġ
Щ74ŵʿʹϵųίӵеҲֻƽ״СģЩʮʮƽ׵Ȼ顢γͳºԶſԾסġ
ܾɵԴ֮£;γڵĲԶ֮ºԶһ˱ѧҼʮ˵ӣʣµЩֱȻͨ


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ָܾ£ЩѧҰźãγʵϴҪҪȥһк
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ܾͷ
;γԤ֮⣬ЩѧҹȻǾְֻϢСʱӣ㿪ʼǷɴ֮ˡ
ܾɻȰһ£ϣºԶǶϢһ£ϾЩѧҿǹҵĹԼפľӪ֮ſˣȷʵ潻
ЩϿѧҼ֣ܾҲûа취ֻаЩѧ豸ǰǷɴ֮ڡ
γ֣ߣҲȥո֡
γкһһȥ
;γĲ첻ҲûпΣǰȻˣǣȴûᡣ
ЩѧļǷɴ;γȻģھӪ֮УǿǷĵĺܣе˳֡
ܾɣʹ;γҲûһĲ顣
һһǰһ󣬷ΪǷɴ֮ȥˣ˽ǰ֮ʱһڿѧɵˡ
ƷһƷ
һϿѧ֮Уһ߽סļ飬ǰǷɴ֮ǰҪȥɴǰһӶһӡ
Ƿɴ׹µʱǾ޴ĳɳĮҳһӣңڸҲһĴССĿӣصӡ
ܾɴһŵıǷɴΧһЩСӶҲûд
һ޼ûɳ̾͵ɳĮ֮Уһ̫ĿӶһͨ߹Ļʹһ£Ҳһģ̫ġ
ͨˣ˵;γˣȸ֣壬ֱƽһġ
Ͽѧϸ첲ȵģȴû˵һСӰһ£Ȼһˣͷȥ
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ʣµһϿѧңȻûвôţǣͬʮֿŵģǷɴ֮ǰḧǷɴ棬ɫ
һϿѧҵָо·ǷɴһǼŮһߵľɫŮ
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ĹĿƼõ˼ȻûиӢһЩ룬ǣǷɴɾͲһˡ
ǿƼɬǣĹĿѧڵͽ棬ʮ˵õģǿƼŪ
ʮϿѧңʮּǣϾǾ˷˵ˣƬ֮󣬱侲
侲֮һڿѧұ״̬ʼһЩǷɴһͨæµ
ϸ磬ôģһǷɴĲţ̫ô򿪰
һ֮󣬲ºԶ˵
ʵҪǷɴŪһɹͨеͨȫûģǣҪڲǷɴ幹֮ܵ£֮򿪣ȴˡ
ºԶüͷ΢壬˵ɣҲġ
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Ҫǣγ֪СԲ̫˺ԣγ˲ǵġ
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ϣǲ˼գȷʵһǷɴǣҲײģ˵һ⣬еʲôԭȷʵ֪°ﲻ˳ϡ
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˵ϳɾʹºԶĿѧң͵һʱҲȻȻһЩֶΣ˵ڰġ
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ǣһеºԶǱȽάģ˵ǵǴ򲻿ɴĲţֻǣҪʱ䣬ֱȽŴ򿪣濪ʼоһЩҪ֪ǵʱʮֽţÿ̵ʱ֮ڣоһЩˣԿ߹ҵĿƼˮƽ
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ڳһڿѧңԳºԶΪ׵һڿѧңȷʵʮڻĹ֮УĿѧңʹȫ磬ҲĿѧҡ
ǿһڿѧңʮλѧҵļϣһ֮£ǸʹٶĿƼҲҪʱ䣬Ϳо͸ġ
ǣǿƼվǿƼǸһǷɴǻȻһĸоŶġ
ûйǷɴŻ֮ǰʹнչҲѵģһԴ򿪲ţӴĿƼλѧҵоٶȵԸġ


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ΪſԽ뵽Ƿɴ֮Уʱո߼Դ״̬ɲдֻͨиɵˡ
֮£ɲҸºԶԳŵҧһֻ⣬Լĳ̬
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Ȼ죬ʮѧȫԸоǷɴǣȴ޷Ƿɴ򿪲š
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ˮƽȷʵôǣ漰˵ӵеĿƼӦûǿϵóģɴ˿ɼǿƼˮƽĸߵġ
ǷɴĲŴ򿪣ֱǷɴеǿƼºԶһڿѧңԿһ㣬ֹ˷ɴ֮⣬ȷʵ˲ٵѴ
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СǿôûסǸźš
ϴ󣬷İɣҳ֣ȫûġ
ϴ󣬽Ǹźµʲô⣬һԤı飬½˽Ӧ
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ϴ󣬲ҪˣǸô죬ƾˣסĽˣҪҪ
ԮɣƾˣĪ

ˣǵҵĴţ˫һڼϽ֮ʱһڽ̸ڡȰȰȡģɮһ㣬˲á
˵ҲǼΪ˲õģǾȽţļ˲ţǧҪΪھûȸ߿Ƽ˲ˣڵᣬĹȫ˲ξľ˵ʣʹø߿ƼҲԽԽࡣ
뵱꣬뵽еˣһ㶼ѧϰ̫õģѧϰϳͷŻȥξھлϼ֮꣬󣬸㲻ûԷġ
ڻĹĴѧ֮ɾͲһˣĹĴѧԽԽ࣬ѧξҲԽԽ࣬ӵĻԽԽˡ
ˣھ֮еĸ߿Ƽ˲ź͸˲Ŷǲٵģ˴жʮҪŽеļҲˣɳĮ֮С
߿ƼԽԽʱ򣬷ҲԽԽ߿Ƽˣûи߿Ƽ˲ŵĻҪһЩ棬Ҳûпܵġ
ޱ߷꣬ˮƽȻǣҲ֪֪֮Լµһһε¼Ԥıġ
Ƿɴ̫ˣܹǷɴģ϶ǱĹңô²⣬ǺͻĹԸǼңʱҡ
һҵǼΪǿģʹ飬һңе㷢ģҲ֣飬ùҵˡ
֪֮Ϣ棬Ĵĸ߿Ƽˮƽߵģܵ귢Ϣ֮󣬵һ
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˫ս֮ϣû̵ս˫һΪܵģ޲ýԷһٸɵ
һҹĽ֮йȥˣڶ쵽굱Ϣϱˣ֪ܾɣһָ֪˳ºԶȿѧҡ
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Щڼ飬ҲǲʻҪӶӵģҲΪģһֱڷЩ
ĹԱ£һ̵ģЧʵ£һΣǸһΣԷϢûеһʱ䱩¶Ƿɴڡ
Ƿɴĳ֣ڻĹ˵Ҫ̶ȲԶģľžͷԹעˣһ㣬һ׷»᲻ͷصġ
γ74֮Уһӿѧ֮УڼĴڣǿҪæˣһҪǸڼץٴϢνûǧշĵһس˲²õġ


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֮ùֵΪ˴Ӵ˵飬ڼ顢簵ս߱һЩǿߵȵȡ
Ҫ˵Ȼڹ֮£ǣʵûͳϵֵľֳҪʹ飬ǲܵġ
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ײţֺڹķΧϣвͬĵطȴҲǴһЩ漰ǿ飬һЩŲڼ顢ʲôҪ֮ǹֵġ
ʵȷʵǿ󣬵ǣȴȽ٣Ҫ飬Ҳġ
ɳĮӪз⴫Ϣ飬Ȼȷڼģһ˵ɹָġ
ǣһιֵͷͷûʮµˣֱӿ˾γ棬ɾγͳˡ
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Ը񣬾γҲһЩ˽ģǣɴԼһЩˡ
ˣһڼ鷢ȥϢӦñˣȴ֪ʲô
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γҵ֪ݣһЩֺͨĸеȴôòˡ
γһ˵֪ˣЩֺĸӦӦݣֻǣ֪Է룬ǲƽġ
˵ԷᷢڶϢһ©ȥһΣѵģԣӸϽ
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֮£Ѿһ۷ˣԣҲڴˣһһЩʵȻǸǿġ
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һ㣬ν֪ģƵĻָҪԴ϶ԽԽģһָˣشһʼһö˵ĵҩһ»ָ٣ǣܻһЩβġ
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СȻѾָһЩ֪ʲô
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413 
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һʿΪ˱һֿѧҵİȫģʹھӪ֮УҲһʮְȫġ
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;γ֮ʱܾɵע⣬ǣЩѧȴûǵ˼ȻרԼо
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һǷɴ֮⣬ͣˣվʮ֮󣬡ꡱһ֮£Ƿɴһ´ˡ
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Ҫ֪Ĺʮѧȫڳһо֮£ûǷɴоһЩʲôǣһǷɴȴ˲ţβ˾ȡ
һ̣˵ķӦԲһºԶʧһƬâ֮е飬üͷ΢΢һ壬ţȴ¶ĵЦ⡣
ʣµЩѧңǲŵı飬ţʲô׷׽ĪĿ⣬Ͷ顣
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γһЩѧҲģһжˣϸ첲ȵģȴġ
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ܾɵ74ŵʿһֱ㡾ְأغǷɴ棬ʹֱʣҲȻûжģûҪǷɴ˼
ʮѧһǷɴ֮Уеľ󣬵˫۵ɵùԲƼʲôϡ䱦һ㡣
һϿѧңŷɴ֮еһЩƷȥˣḧˣ飬ʿעԼǵĹ
һڿѧѸٽ״̬˵ͷͷºԶ֮ϵϲɫŶ֮Ѹˡ
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ɴеÿһƷƶӣ߿ƼĶ洦ɼģ治ǿƼţư
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ǷɴеǿƼ֮ʱһڿѧҵĿ⣬һµɵùԲˣȫ¶𺳺ϲɫ
һѧңЩǿƼ֮У֮󣬲ڻһЩ»ָǺ򶨡
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Ӫ֮Уڼ顢ͽΪ鳤ǹֵĸֳеΡ
ֹܹˣȫھγ£ҪĵҲǾγڽУǣҲҪһС
ƾģֻԼʶʶӪȫһ˭쳣ΪȷĿˡ
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˵˿Ůʲôģ붼룬ھӪ֮УһɫĴүǣŮ͵ġ
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Ϊˣ黹ʮɻγʵôôֵģ
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Ҫ֪ھӪ֮еʿǲֵֻ豸ģǴ±֮ʱ㱻ƵģȻʹڲ֮УҲ˲ؼɣ˽ء
74ִһʱ򣬸ǱϸѲһ飬˽豸ԣھӪ֮У˼֮⣬ûЩ豸
ھγʱ˸߿Ƽ豸רֵ̽豸գ˵ϣ΢ĵ豸ĸӦ
ĿǰΪֹǷ˵ϣ΢ĸӦԿ϶˵ϣе豸Ĵڣǣʲôĵ豸ȴһֱϽ
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ʵˣǶ𣿡
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γ˵ģҲе74űǾ񲿶ӣԽʿŪνһġ
֮£̫ˣһϢˣԭȱǲλˣֻǱˡ
飬Ӧúܸ߽ɣмڼһ˵Щڼ飬˽ص豸ʿӦûģʱ򣬱Ųڼˡ
ˣֻһڼĻʿֻûӲӵļʣ˽˵豸ȻʮأǣڼΪȴ̫ġ
á
γҡͷͬ˵飬ĿǰûдģĴҪһ̶ȵıܣǶ֪ңǵĿһ˵ҲǸڼɳ֮αװ˽ص豸ͨʿʱȻжϡ
ţ⵹Ҳǡ
γ˵鶼òͬ
˵ף鲻Ǹ鱨ģǲʮģĻ鷳ˡ
һ£˼ĵ˵Ļֻһ취ˡ
γҲڿղѣ˵а취ʱ򣬾γ۾Ȼһæʵʲô취
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ߣְ취𣿡
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ҽѧ棬дһ˵ֻǣֻܹһЩ˯߷Ĳ֢ھߣһʻʱش飬Ǻ
ңһЩ־ᶨˣ飬ûõģһЩġһЩҽһЩĥѵ˵ȣ߶Ǹûõġ
ЦЦ˵ʵ֮еִߣȻǲܵģǡѧһŹС˵֮еĴߡ
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Ӵóһ豸벻棬һǹӵһĶνСޱȣһ˾벻Сһ⣬ȻԷϢ


415 ը
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Ǹʿվ֮УƬ̣֪ʲôԭ֮ʱ˽
;γ֮ʱ˵¶һ˿֮ɫ֪Ϊζһˣû¶ʲô֮ɫ
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ʿǰ֮ʱһǰϷֱ˵
һ˵ܽ˫΢΢һУɫ΢΢һ£Ǹʮ֮СŲܽ𿴣ʮϸĵĹ۲죬Էֲ˵ġ
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۾Ĺۿ֮£ܽϵı仯ʹʮ֮СǣǱγˡ
ˣγиӿ϶ˣһ֮£˵ܽ㻹뻣Ūȥɣ̫ˣΪˣȻΪչ˰£ߣ顣
γеģ֪ܽǺ֮󣬾γʮַŭ޲ó֣ܽɱ
ھγһ˵֮󣬵ܽɫˣҲûǰĵͬʱҲ֪ˣԼı¶ˡ
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ǽָһŭ֮£ܽ𵱼ˣϣҪٳ飬Ϊʡ
ܽǲȻԿ;γˣĵλ΢һЩԣΪĿġ
ܽΪʿʵǲģһ֮ʱȻȫˣһ˹֮ʱһֶƵġ
֮ϣ¶һ˿Ц鵭ĵߣǿЦȻҳ֡
һ֮£һȭǰˣһȭƮƮģƺӡ
һȭ֮ʱ΢ޱȵģһ΢綼ûд𣬲ܽһϵ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ܽǾʿһ֮ʱ巽ģԵǿޱȵӣȭȻƷ֮
Ʒ֮֮ʱԿˣܽһȭǣһȭ֮ȴ̫ġ
оһȭܽ΢ϲΪһսս嶼ġ
һ̣ܽ𼸺ˣԼһȭſ£Ȼ󣬽鵱ʣɹӳ˾Ӫ֮С
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һ̣ܽʶˣսĻԼս磬ֱսһˡ
ܽԶҲûˣǿޱȵһȭ֮ʱǿޱȵѸˡ
һȭǿޱȵģʹûбȫǣҲ㹻ܽɱˡ
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ܽһ˫۾һµɴ˼㣬͸¶һַŭͿ̹ǵĺ⣬Ͷע;γ֮ʱĿɱ˵ĻһԽ;γɱǧٿˡ
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һ֮£ڼ飬һҪҵزŴģֻġ
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һ֮£ܽŲλһ¶һӣܽóһӣһ
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һǿޱȵһ²ˣһַϯγͲܽΣһ°С
ֱըγһ־ҵ֮γһӣԲĿռ䣬ȫˡ
һССըıը֮ǿ˼ģԲ֮ڵĿռ䣬ȫˡ
ը֮£ĶֱӱƷ˿ȥּΪǿ޵֮ϯ֮ʱ֮еһЩҾߣҲһݻˣ涼Ҫһӡ


416 
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Ȼűըը粨ϯһǿޱȵľ磬һ²ˣΧϯ
һַӿһһŵ֮ʲôһǿҵĿ֮£γˡ
γһ֮ʱĻ۾𣬿Կھγϣû̫ƣֻһЩսĺۼ֮⣬û̫˺ۡ
Щ΢֮⣬γϣֻ·һѣ»ûʲôƵġ
ǿҵıը֮һ²ֽɢ֮󣬿ԿڵϵĲܽѾΪһࡣ
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ûиôᷢըģ֡
ҹ֮УȻԷըĪǣڱսɡ
﷢˱ըߣһȥ

һεıըǲСģҹܲעģԣ74ŵʿһѰ˹
һεŲڼΪȻֳôĶȷʵû뵽ģ뷨֮Уһж֮С
飬ȷʵ⣬ȻѾˣʹٺڣҲûʲôˣԣֱȥӦԵķˡ
ҲûʲôӦԵģЩ74ŵʿȻǽγȥģѶܾɣҲ˾γ
ҹĶܾȻвģǣھγǰ˿ɲұֳʲôġ
һҹ֮Уȥˣ˲ܽըһ֮⣬ⷢˣǣ˵ڶ죬ȴһ̫õϢ
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üͷ΢΢һ֮£ʵγ֣ǲзʲôõ顣
γͷϴĿ氡ǵģһõϢ
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ʮֵȻڲõϢҲϲǣԴǷɴǲٵġ
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ڷЩ飬һʮֵȻĿȥһ㶼ΪģΪʵ鷳飬ΪҲö
֮ϣΪֻҪĹҷ֮ս͵ԼԸöġ
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ʱ֮ʱγʮƵĻشҹƼļַ˾Ӫź⴫ңһβһźţźš
ԣĵҲüͷ΢΢һģ˵ѵھӪ֮лڼ鲻ɣ
˵ҲЩˣϾĵı֤74ŵľӪ֮УӦֻһڼ飬Ĺھ񲿶һŲȣǱȽֵŵģ˭֪Źһѣһ仰ͱˣβơ
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׻˵úãӿڳ˵Խ࣬ĴҲԽ࣬ҲԽģһصˣӦýвǡ
ǣѧһˣһֱӣ˵ʲô˵ʲôʲôʲôһ˵ġ
е㲻ˬȻҲͱֳˣüô£ϢȥûС
ϢȻһ£ǣûзȥвȵķһϢ¶ˣһطһˡ
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ʵʱ̣ڼǱ鲼˵̫յʱ򣬵ϵһסģֻҪڵı֮ϣᱻץġ
ĿǰΪֹǷɴ֮ԻûбΪʱж̣ңĹҲεĴʩ
74žӪڵΧߵţԸһЩŲĴصĿƼ飬Ƕɱһʱġ
ǣߵĸŴʩ̫ģӲܽԷϢȻԴ͸ָŲԿһЩ߿Ƽ豸ǿԴ͸ߵŵġ
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ǷɴӦܵģǣûʱǴۿ۵ġ
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ְ״̬ȻԻһ˵ĸйһʱǣȴȫȫǿԿġ
ϢһǣһϢȴ϶ʱ򣬴˳ȥ
γƵĵ
γ϶ҪƵģڲܽʱըը֮ʱһϢȴͬʱһϢˡ


417 
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һϢתֱˣҲʱõϢǱߵǳ춯߼˼ӡ
ʱһжˣ74еڼ飬չڼ֮⣬ڼ顣
ò˵չǸɵڼ飬ڼҪƻ࣬ǽƻ˼ģóһõĻᣬϢ
ΪǸڼʮֽƻץסᣬſԽǸϢȥģ󣬻ķȥˡ
һҹоӿһֲ̫õĸоһ²ˣһĺڡ顱һ͵ĸо
һоֲõĸо֮Ҳ֮жˣ˳ȥ̧ͷһ֮£˲ɫһ䡣
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ʹҹĿҲĿҹ֮У۶Ǹһö
ౡһĺХ֮ҹ֮джһŵ74ڵĵطˣһǿնˡ
ڵ֮ʱ74ŵһ𱻾ˣܾңңſкһ㻮ĵɫʮѿġ
ִᣬ֮սʮ̶ֲѪȵģһ֣ѵս
ԭӵսɻȵȣ֮սһ죬̶ȣէġ
һŵ74ŵפأסһֱӻᱻըģûжԵȵȥƴ
ҺãҲϵһڶϣȻһ㣬ǣҲôз֮ġ
ౡһڻĿһ֮Уͬһŵ֮лһĻߣӭһŵ
ֶܵǿԵתģǣĹ߲ݵҲǸ֣Ӧ˶Էĵͻơ
˵ȻԹ䣬ǣһЩˮƽĶģǣŵڿײһ
䡱һһ춯һıը֮֮𣬵ŵײһ֮һǿޱȵɨˡ
һŵԲСģڴ͸֮ϣһʿʹķɽǣıը֮ȴʮġ
֮ϣŻһ㣬74ڵĵطȥһŻ֮ȼն𣬳ֳһֹ֮ƣϯˡ
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ǣЩ۹ңһĵĶ֡
ղҲ֪˭ŵöҪˣװţ

֮ϱһŻȼ֮ƣϯµӣ74ŵһʿϲ
ʧȥ˾֮󣬿ſеĿ⣬ڿ̻һ㣬˶ʮֵġ
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һŻ֮ϣһ±ˣĻڿмˡ
ҹ֮Ǳ߽ƽϢˣûкˣΪѾͷˡ
ţǶ֮ﰡ
ΪûϷ˵飬ͻȻɫһߡ
ȻηɻǱĻˡ
ţˣеĽһ֮£һǿķѸͨǰķ֮ڡ
һֻһһ鷨Ĺע֮£಻ķӿ뵽˷֮Уָǰһ֮£ǰնˡ
һʮСɵķһ֮£û뵽˷֮Уƿһ㣬һû뵽֮У˲Ӱ
74ĿǰڵľӪ֮һطһҷɻΣŻĵĲȥ
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һ֮£Ժһ㣬֮˸һγ֮ʱѾηɴ֮ǰˣһն¡
һ֮Ͻݺᣬһֺ֮·ηɻնˣһ֮£罫ոѶӡ
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ηɻȻεԣȴڷ֮ϣһЩģһֻС񣬶һֻɻοķˡ
Ϊ˽𵤾֮󣬷ѾһʮֻĵزԷ֮Ѿޱˡ
ר޽ޱȵģ磬Ѿ˽ֻĵزһնԺɨǧĽɨһеġ
һΣĳ֣ûʹöôĽֻǼ򵥵һն£ȴ͡
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ǧиˣˣһҪǧСˡ
СģСģһҪСģ㲻ãᷢʲôʵġ

֮ϣһαһĻţ74еˣ׷һģæ۷׷ˡ


418 ҹϮ
ҹ̻Ϩ֮黹꣬˺ҹ˳74ŵӪأȻ̫࣬ǣҲаŵġ
Ϯ٣Ҳʮģʲôѻǹػǹ΢͵ըҩȵȣƴһƵġ
һڹߣҹɫϵĳˣָǹڣ74źˣ74ŵʿޱȡ
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ʿܵĲһ±ըˣˣ˲ٵġ
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򣬸ҺݺݵĴ򡣡
ʿ֮Уܾʮָּǰߺȡ
ںƽʱڵǣܾԸˣҲμһεĴжʶΪҴƴġ
ָܾ֮£74ŵʿǿˣһĹˣǹ֮һ㣬ǰˡ
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Щһ֮£ʹЩߵʮ֮ǿ74һʿĺ֮£Ҳе̧ͷġ
ǣ˫ʮּ֮ʱڰ֮УͻȻһЩӰˣһɫӰһ³ˣ74һڿǹʿɱȥˡ
ɫӰУһĶһһ֮ʱˣһǰɱ
ɫӰĳٶѸͣʮģһɱʿûзӦֱӱɱˡ
һʿԱߣܾڴ˻𣬽ָӣɫӰɱʿ֮һ֮£ϳһӰܾɱȥˡ
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Ӱٶʮ֮죬ںڰҹɫ֮УҪ֣ȷʵʮּѣǣܾĸоҲ񣬻ͷˡ
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һͳ֮һҵĽ֮УۣϸĻܲġ
ܾ74ŵųʵҲģǹ֮ʱʾǹĲγһ಻ĵҪɫӰеӡ
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κ˺ڰ֮У֮һ㣬Ȼڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣ㿪Щӵ
㿪һӵܾǰ֮ʱɫӰˣеĳһնˣںҹ֮еһ֮ҫһĨâ
һĨС̫һĹâڳĽ֮ϲˣܾһն֮ʱԸоնһ֮Ƶġ
Ľ֮ϣһˣһ̣ܾоϢ֪һնɱ֮ʱԼǱɵġ
ܾ˾֮ʱһһһˣһֹޱȵĹ켣նɱˣźɫӰеĳӭȥˡ
һڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣɫӰеĳҪܾ֮ʱһбնĳһն˺ɫӰеĳ֮ϡ
浽һ֮ʱԿܣǴྶͥģģҲǲͬġ
ɫӰеһǷǱѰһǻĹŴֳĳͳʿȫһһġ
ֻдĴָϸһʿںɫӰУһʩչ֮ʱһǿޱȵһ±ˡ
һն֮ʱ֮Ϊһֱֱȥһնˡ
һ³ֵĻĹŴһĳһĪ״̬֮ʱĹ켣ʿ֮ϡ
ײһ֮ʱֿޱȵһ±ˣγһַϯ֮ϯˡ
Ľ֮ϣһεľһ̮ˣһα֮ʱѸˡ
ɫӰնһʮϬģһǿޱȵնµģʹûĹŽˣ֮⣬һļɡ
˫һײϣǿҵһεĽںɨķϬޱȵġ
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˵ĳ࣬ǱȽ˧ģҲȽص㣬ǣпȴࡣ
Ȼڻä֢ǣˣЩֱ治ģԣˣʵûʲôӡġ
γһֶ֮ʱʵǿޱȵģγռ֮˲֪پ磬ʵõ˲ٵ
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419 
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Щѻǹ֮Ķһ֮ʱǼΪģʹγȸ֣һҲԳܵġ
һſӵѸ֮ʱʹγһʱҲЩæˣʱ㲻Ϲˡ
֮еĸ֣һֻˣ;γԸЩĸ֣϶ְ
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뾭γ潻ˣʵǲеĴ̽ƿǧĽӰһ㣬˷ʤ
γǿʵһ붼˳ˣ֪˵ʵǲġ
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һָ֮Ǳ֮˱˳ָһ֮£˻˲СƣΪһָ֮ûʵʵڵĻУûеһʱ
һָָ֮һκǱ֮˵ϣüͷ֮ϣһѪ
˫һֻǹһ㣬಻Ļˣһָν಻ġ
ЩϮɱߵǲ٣Եʮ֮ģǣһָĺ֮£ָ֮ǿᣬǾޱȵġ
ЩϮɱߵĳǿޱȵģǣĿָ֮£Ƕֵģÿһָ֮£һܴصġ
һ̣һԷĸһ㣬Ľ֮ǿε˼µġ
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һŵѹŵʮ׵һ飬ǣĽȴ𾪵ķ֣ԭǰŵʵǿᵽ˼µġ
һǿޱ֮ȻҪʤӣԼҵֵ˲أܾУŭǻɽһ


420 ˽
Ϊ74ŵųӦ˵ܾһλΪųʱ򣬲㡣
ЩϮɱ֮ʱܾȻûгɱһߣǣȴҲûֱܣǲ
ɣսһ֮ʱȻûпӰܾҪ̫ģǣ˫ʺʵЩġ
74ŵȻĶ࣬һһĭԽЩϮɱģң74ŵĻҲΪģʲô׷׶ʵǿᡣ
ǿޱȵսսҲûһս֮ģǣЩϮɱߣȴ˲ٵġ
ֻаŵıƾһЩǿԱܣʵǿģ74ŵһʿ˲صġ
һʱûĿԣԼȥǣϮɱ಻ĺɱ֮£˲˵ġ
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Щֵܣƽʱһѵģϵνãʱһ֮£Ȼ˲ˣܾеķŭ֪ġ
еķŭǷŭޱȵģǣܾȴûа취Ȼһ취ûУֻаԽˡ
ܾŭл֮ʱˣȻ󣬱Ǵ۽һĻˣ件ϲޱȵġ
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ĳ֮󣬶ԷЩϮɱߣһɨҶ֮ƣһɨˣһϮɱ߱ɱˡ
һ˫֮ϣʮָͷһѰѵľѻǹһ㣬һ֮ʱƾѻĵһ㣬һϮɱ߻ɱˡ
顭
һǿ֮£һſڵֳһǵصƣǰˣǣʱţǹԽԽˡ
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ޱȵǹͣһβ֮ʱϮɱ֮Уǰһڸ֣νˡ
Ϯɱ֮еĸ˴֮󣬶ԷĹ㽥ˣһʱ֮䣬һ͵㡣
ֵǣǷʱˣһ֣ȫɵ
ʱܾ˷ĺûᣬǣһ֮£74ŵһʿһˡ
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ֳһֿ籩꣬γһǹֵһĽ籩ЩϮɱߣȫС
ǹ֮ǿޱȵģһַϯ֮ǰһϮɱɱȥˣǿޱȵġ
Ϯɱ֮еһڸһɱ֮ʣЩϮɱߣѾȫûǸˣһǿҵǹ֮£˴ˡ
һϮɱȫɱ֮ǹֵһʧ74һƬ϶ˡ
һεΣѣȻȹˣ֮Щ۹ңҲٴɳǿߣǰϮɱˡ
ЩʱңȻǵϵǿңǿޱȵģҲʮģɳһЩǿߣҲ
ңҲһЩǿߵĴڣ꣬ڵһս͵ڶսʱ֯ʮ־ʹʧˣȴҲСܽ
Щ۹ҵʵǿҶ֪˻ĹһЩĶǲ֪Ƿɴʱ֪ġ
ЩҺɳǼǿģɵǾ춯صģǵûзȫս
ĺᡢŷǿңʵǲСģһȫսڵ֮ϣǻȫսġ
һս͵ڶսѾʮˣһ˵սǿĹӵеľʵһĻǾ춯صġ
ڵ֮һǿǿƿ͵ģԭӵⵯ֮ģһȫ汬ˣ»ǧٿ׵ġ
ΪԭӵⵯΪ壬ԣ֮䣬϶ǲҷ׵Ĵսġ
ԷȫĴսǣһЩСûģأһжûġ
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ͬǷɴĻǾͲһˣ㲻ûǻƵģţһ51бǷɴ˵Ĵڡ
ЩϢټ٣ѱ𣬲ҲںֻҪԼǿʵڣһжûġ
ʮ֮󣬻Ĺһ׼˴Ƿɴ˵˾һ֮С
֮УѾȫ׼ڵھһ޴ĵ¿ռ䣬׼ʮ꾡ʵң׼Ƿɴо
Ƿɴ֮һ׶ΣǣȴҲȫӵģʹھ֮УҲһȫȫģȻҪĸػóһЩ⡣


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421 ʵ
Ԫ2035꣬ѧҡԵ粨ѧ·Ե粨ģ˵ŵѧԼĵ߿ѧɾͽ
µıʾԵ粨γɵǿԳôڣ޽ӽʵڵģʹЧֶΣ䳤棬Գһ塣
Ԫ2036꣬ʵƼ޹˾µԵ粨о־ڿ񣬻ΪʵӰ
Ԫ2037꣬Ե粨ԳԭԸ߼ܵΪƽ̨һʵ磬Ե粨롣
꣬ǿƼ޹˾ڲϷʮһЩҽϷҪǿϷĿԺֲϷ©
ϷΪ裬ҺҲһϷҪõϣȴһֱΪ
Ԫ2038꣬緶Χȫ濪ţ˵ڶĿںţκ˶Խ뵽Ϸ֮УϷϸڣ򲻶˵ˡ
ڻʵƼ޹˾ĵڶĿںţ˶ţʵĿƼһεģ˶źģС
һ롶֮У˶ˣľҲ˵ˣǡʵȣѾˡ
˵ڶĿںţɲǿտڰ׻һĻ׼ģʵȾȻﵽ99%һʵȣѾʮֽӽˡ
ҵĸоҲʮֲģá֮Уȫһʵ磬ʵһ޶ֺ
ڡеĸйٸоʵȷʵһ޶ǣٵĲ𣬻ǱȽԵģֻһ˸о
鲻һˣԸоֲʵ磬վһжʵģõ磬һжõģʶ֪֮£һж˺֡
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ڡһ£ûжˣγԶͷǣҲһˡ
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ʵƼ޹˾ǣͷһ˾УγԶͷҲռһЩɷݣǣ࣬˵Ĺɷݼ10%
˵99%ʵϷͲò˵һǰֵһǷɴУĵõĿƼ
ڶĿƼ֮УһԵ粨ʵĿƼʵϷһЩġ
Ƿɴ֮УĹʮ̨ܵԣУ̨ܵԣΪǷɴģ̨õĳܵԡ
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ʵϷȻǮ;޵ģֻҪһȴﵽ99%ӽʵһϷ϶ԸģΪڶ磬Ҳǲܵġ
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ţܺãҲһźˣ̷ϣŬ˾á
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Ȼ˻ʵƼ޹˾Ϊ³ȴ˾γԶͷǣҲûһҪ˾˼
Ҫ˵ԶͷܣڹһҴ˾ǱȽȤģֻǣҲ֪ӣΪ˾Ķ£ܾ˹˾ĴȨȴҲ鲻ġ
ʵƼ޹˾ֻҪ֪ϸ֪˾ǰ񣬵֮󣬱ɵҲӦ֪ˣ˾Ǯֱ̫ˣԴǧǧǮơ
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£ֻСһʵϷʵʵȼһģһģֱһ¢ϵ⣬ֻҪɵӣԸù˾ġ
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ʵϣ̷ΰΪҲȷʵʮ⣬Դӹ˾֮ԼȫûٲĹ̷ΰһжĺܺá
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һСʱʮ˽ˡϷ֮УζϷͷѾʮڸʹÿһͷļ۸񲢲̫ߣҲһʾ޿ˡ


422 
Ϸͷкû֣֮õļ۸ߣļ۸ͣ滹иϷ֣Ǹ۸԰ġ
Ǽ۸ߵϷͷǼ۸͵ϷͷϷ֣Ǹܸܵģ鴴Ĺ˾Ҫ£ʲƷ
ʹϷͷһҲҪһǧ飬ʮһߣǰϷͷ㣬Ҳֵ1.6ˡ
1.6ڻıңɼţ⻹ģԺšϷƹ㣬滹ϵ˵׸һ㶼ŵġ
ң뵱꣬ԼһС˿ת֮䣬ȻΪ׸һʱ֮䣬黹оһ㱡
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˵ĿǰʵûĲκζʹ޵Уԭӵⵯ֮Ķ£ҲԸ⽫ϸ߰ġ

һ֮УһѧУĴſڣŷѧſˣѧУѧ
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һŬȥٶȻпģ֮˵ٶȣ֮˵Ҫôһ㡣
֮˵˺棬֮˲żæߴٵӣ㣬ܿ㰡ٲ㣬͸ϲϡĹˡ
֮Ҳܿ㣬ǣ̫ˣʵڿ첻ˣգ׷ˣٶȲɸˡ
ӣ˰ɣҲϲϹˣܹһߣѾˣǻɡ
ĵ
ǰܵĲֹͣͷӣһʱЩɲԥһ֮˵ðɣ߰ɡ
գз˶ǸѧڽӦԽ׼߿
ڴѧ˵˸߿ôҪʱ̣϶ŬѧϰģʹջȽϴҲֻһЩóϷϲϷջˣϲϷˣδջġ
ǡãպͷǱȽϲϷģһƽΣ˶ʮֳеģʵϷڶ˵ջȻӴġ
˵˵ѧϰҲ̫ãɼУڸ߿Ͳʲôϣˣ˼ﶼִ㣬μӸ߿⿼һֳʱǮһЩı屾ѧУһҵ֤Ϳˡ
պͷסһС֮󣬶˱ֿˣԻؼңһص˼Ȳĳ˷Ӵ°һӡ
ӣһĦгͷһϷͷɫֳһֽ׵״̬ţһİɫʮֺÿ
Ҫһ˼һϷͷһΪʲôϵȵĺöʵֻһϷͷֵֻһǧ顣
ļǱȽʵģǣϷͷ飬ǲĸҪǮģһϷͷǷԼ㻨Ǯġ
ƽʱ㻨ǮǲٵģܷƽʱĻҲСڳһ棬˲Ǯǣлġ
нǮƣֻһǧһ㣬óһǧǮһϷͷѾҶˣɼϷʮֳԵġ
һϷͷó֮ѸԴϣȻһţ˴ϣһġ
Ϸ͵õأ͹ʮ˵ãԴﵽʱԴﵽ֮õġ
磬õأԴﵽ֮õĹʱ䣬صʱΣʮ˲õġ
Ҫ֪ĿǰһЩĵԣصĹʱ䶼ԳʮСʱϷͷĺĵ󣬱Եĺĵ
ĺĵ֮£ػ֧72СʱִһЩص칤գǿ˲١
һϷͷһϷ֮Уʵ˯ȥһȴǳˡϷ֮С
һϷ֮УһȻǴˣ֮󣬷Ϊִ֣塣
𿴷ͱȽ֣Ϸ磬ȴʮ˲õģϷǲģʹϷǵһʱ䣬ȴҲܿͳ嵽ʮ
ʮ֮󣬱Խ뵽֮ˣһ˳Уǰְҵ㳡תְ
Ϸ֮УΪ˶ϷϷ飬ǻĹŴ񻰾飬Ϸľ顣
ȻǼȽϸߵģҳһϷ֮У϶ǽӴģ緽һ뵽ˡϷ֮Уʮ֮󣬿ʼתְɹѡְҵֱеʿߡҽսʿ͵ȵȡ


423 ʮ
ʵ֮Уƫ֣òѧϰɼãôѧϣ˶Уϸûеȵһϵеģעһ˿
ǣϷ磬СģλǵǲϷ衣
³һϷ˲ãʵ˴ƽεʵϷĿԽǾ춯صĽ
һϷ˲õģһ֮ʱϷ紦ȫͳεĵλһַӿ֮ƣϷһɨˡ
Ϸ˴ϷһϷĵزԭϷңȫˡ֮С
˻𱬵һϷϷֻҪ΢ЩңȫУνǾҵġ
ϷȻĲǣһʽϷʹҲû̫İյġ
ҲΪǮģ㻨Ǯȫˣ롶Ϸ֮УֻΪ棬ΪǮ
ص˼ˡϷ֮ʱϷѾʼһʱ䣬Ѿһʱˣǣҵæֱ׷
ò˵ڡϷ֮УȻͻͽһ㣬ȼϷʱ䣬ȻȱһЩȼȴĸˡ
ļ10ʱҾȻֻڰ˾żܶǣһɱ˳
һǣȥתְˣӱȽС˵תְְҵǱȽϲʿģڽսְҵǳðġ
תְΪ˵ʿ֮ʱڡϷ֮У޾ĸ߿֮ϣһ޴Ĺ֮Уһ֮ϥĵʿɫһ΢΢һЦ֮£һ
һ̣ʿֳ״̬һ黨Ƶ΢Цִһҷȱʣԣǵʿ
ʿ˲õģڡϷ֮Уһ߸ϵģʵֻһ
ϷеǶ񣬻ˣĻ
ÿһȷʵϷǣУ˺ţԽԼʶٵС
Ϸһ趨ҪתְҪſԣÿһְҵһְҵ񣬱񵻸棬ſתְɹְҵ֮
Ը򲻿תְܵõְҵ֮ĻϷ֮У첻ЩתְԱĲ࣬ԽԽġ
ȻҲңֻǣҵÿְҵӡʦľ֮ģҲиԵ飬ͬҪ
֮е飬Ļյʶ֮󣬵ԼȡЩ֮
תְһźţǶϷ򣬻Ϸ򣬲Ҷʼʮ˳֮Уתְˡ
ԽԽҵĵϷ򣬲ҶʼתְˣתְʱҪǸ´ǣ׳Լ
֮£ÿһתְң鹱׳һģĶʵڲߡ
ĶȲߣκλٳɶడϷСʱ֮󣬽Ѿﵽʮ֮ˡ
ʮڵңÿһҶҪתְҪ׳Լһô޴
ңÿһҵĵȼߣ϶ԺÿһתְҪϣſתְɹġ
˵Ūתְһѭ򽥽Ḷ́ҪһһڵĹ̡
ΪĳǰԺʵȣϷ緶Χ֮һ֦㣬һʱ򣬽롶Ϸ֮еңѾﵽʮ֮࣬Լȫ˿ڵ֮һ
ˡĵգ롶֮еңѾﵽ˼һ״̬ǵһ۷壬Ѿﵽ˰ʮ֮ࡣ
Ҫ֪ȫһڵ˿ڣȻаʮ˽Уռ˿ڵİٷ֮ʮѾǾˣ˰
ȫһڵ˿ڣʮڽˡ֮УʣµĶʮˣһЩУһʱ֮ԽӴģаգǶʮˣҲὥĽ뵽Ϸ֮С
ϷһʵϷֻҵԵ粨УҪ󲻶࣬ԣֻҪ˼άˣԽС
УǴСԽеģǣһЩ񾭲Ǿ񲡣ҪȽСĵģòҪеģһʲô⣬ġ
񾭲߾֮ĲԣҲҪСˣ;񲻼ãѾ˻ƻʱһˡ֮У㲻õĻһˡ
ô˵ȫһڵ˿ڣԽ뵽֮еģôҲҪ95ڣĿһҪﵽ98ڵġ
ڵ֮ϣ˻ġᡢչŷȷ֮⣬ʮƶĹң˵Ƿ޵һЩңʮƶġ
һϷͷ۸񲻸ߣ˵ĲһǧԪıңʹ⣬յĹ˰Ҳġ
ڷЩʮƶĵطԶԲģǮȥʲôϷͷĵطЩ˿ڣ˷ˡ
һ뷨ЩȽƶĵطɴѷϷͷˣʵԮƶȡ
Ŀ꣬þ桶Ϸ˿תְĻջҲǼġ
ǰ죬ջ˺֮Ϸ֮Уһ֮ڣʵһ֮ھۼ
Ϸ֮Уһ֮˿һ㣬ϷϿյ֮оۼȥγһš


424 
֮У˴֮ϷϿյһ֮У£ˣﵽ˾˵
֮ﵽһ֮ʱʼЩˣǣطƱˡ
һ֮Уһλλ飬һ۾Ŀоţ貣еһ𿪿ˡ
Կʼˡ
о֮Ѿһ֮еһжˣڴ洢֮Щ֮ܿһ㣬Ϸȥˡ
һԲԲԲ򣬺貵һ㣬ɢޱĹâ֮䣬ҫ
Щ֮УƻСӣǣϷ֮УͨʲôܲģһУֻס
һԲȫһ̣һּȡټĲٿأǣһϷϵ֮ȫڶˡ
ڶ֮Уһ֮γһŵˮһ㣬֮ʶȥˡ
಻һ֮֮ȥõ֮ڵ֮һ±ﵽһ۷塣
񾭹һδεĻָ񣬾ȫָֻﵽ˰ٷ֪֮ضԶġ
һΣԴԴϵ֮Ĺע֮£ĴˣʼһָˣٶȱȽȴǼᶨƵġ
Խָ֮ȴҲɿţʵҲҪǿһЩģǣж
Լİ칫˾֮УͷϷͷϷ飬ͻȻ֮䣬һʧˣϷͷˡ
ϷڵǸĿռ֮ڣƲڵһռ䣬ռ֮еľ磬ЩƵġ
Ϸе֮У޾ߴڶҪߵĿУռ䲨һ֮һӰֶˡ
һ󶯵֮£֨һ֮£˺Ѷˣһ粽ƽһĽΪС
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䵽У鵱תһŷڵĽ𵤿ʼĵˣڣѪҺһߵķ𵴶ˡ
֮£ת䣬γһһ˲䣬ܣγһε
һСΧ֮ڵʵڶϵ֮Уͬγһ֮ġ
𵤾ʿضķһγһת䣬ǽ֮һת䡣
ͳʿҪ֮֮ǲܵģϵϵ֮ϵͨ
ͨ첢ʮ˽⣬ǣԳѧϰ֮ķ֮ʱɡ
ʺɺתķ죬ȴһôõģԣ֮ҪѰһõ
ʮ˽ˡϷ֮У֮Уתְĳһ룬нʮڸݶô֮˴󲿷֣ϵģ֮һ
鲻ո֮ʵΪʵ㣬ķҲȹ̣ԣո֮
ղ˸֮ʮڸݶ֮ʹҲȫģֻʮҵķݶ
ʮڵķݶչõĻָһǿˣһλָ˰ٷ֮һǣָ˰ٷ֮
ٷ֮ٵһĻָһٷ֮һȻǱȽ׵ģϵĻָѶҲǸġ
һٷ֮һӰٷ֮ʮŻָٷ֮һٵһٷ֮һһٷ֮һҪӼѡ
Խָ֮ʮڷ֮֮ǿ֪ģǰյЩ߼ԴҪǿġ
ƻָ˰֮֮ҪٴλҶȣһʱȴܵģҪһʱĻȹ̣ſԱøǿģһĻָ
񣬻ʣʮڷݵ֮ʲô;𣿡
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֮һֱȽ޵洢֮ʱҪһЩ֮ϣλͼ֮ĶԳ𣬳֮
ڡϷ֮УĶ飬ʵ൱λ֮ĶԽ֮У𽥾ۼ
λͻ֮ϵ֮ǿԾۼģǣһȡȴܹʱ䱣棬Ҳٴη֮ϣһʱ֮ڣܽЩ֮õɢ֮ġ
һ룬Լû̫ĿõĵطԼ֮յһЩѾﵽһޣټˣԣֻѯʡ
Сʲô顣
ҽǿЩ֮ٵأһȫǵʵ硣
ٵأʵ磿ʲô˼
ɫЩȣʵ
֮һǿΪһĻȫԽһ磬תΪʵ磬ʵʵڵ磬൱ڿһ硣
͵
֮춯أ䲻һĿԿٵأһ磬ǣٳһռ䣬ǲġ
ңڵ򸽽Ŀռ䣬ٳһһһռ䣬Ҫġ
ΪڵΧľ磬Щ൱һõʵ磬ھģʲ档


425 ˫
ٳռ䣬֮ߣƲƣȴ޸֮ƼվԵ۷塣
רԼ磬һǿߴڵĸһ񣬿ԼȡһһΪſԽʵӵ¡
ڶͶӰ֮жתתȻҲʵǣվûһ
飬һĴڣȡ֮ԳΪΪǿĴڣһ֮Ȼﵽʮǿĵز
ʿ֮飬ȴҪġ
ʶһ֮˲Ӧһ̣㿪ʼˡ
ʮڷݵ֮е㲻㣬һ֮ʱʮڷݵ֮ˣµʮڷ֮
һ֮еһ֮ʱʮڷݵ֮Ѹյȥ
һƬƽȻĿռ䣬Ϊ֮£Ȼ֨һ˺Ѷˣڶ֮ˮһ㣬ѷ֮ʶȥˡ
ڵϿգ֪ɵϿգХҷȻ˰ҡǿᣬǣռȶġһġ
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ʮڷݵ֮Ϊ˹˳һռȥˣĪ֮£ռڲı仯
һĪ޵Ŀռ䣬֮Ĺע֮£һӰں֮УһӰһˡһɽһƬƬֺ
һӰƵɽֺ֮Ľ֮£ȻıΪʵˣγʵԵ硣
ͨĿԿٵأǴſԸɵĻԲ֮ԻΪʵѾ˲ˡ
ڲϵ𵴣ǰһƬռ֮УһŰֽһһһһīڰֽд
֮У鿴һŴ磬ʲôʱĹŴȴһʱԱġ
Ǹ磬Ϊ½һΪ½һΪ½½ѭĻĵĻ½Ļĺ塣
һ磬Ϊ˶½½Ƭ½ĵطΧţں֮УһЩĴڡ
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֮Уǰһγɣ̣Լɣָоȷʵʮ
һǿʿɵĹ֮УһЩΪʵ
ǣĿǰʵ㣬ʹɣȴҲûеõʲôջġ
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ҲμӸ߿գпԣ˵ٶȵǼģǰСʱˡ
㿼ô
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ò˵ԵְμӸ߿ʱ򣬶һѧУһʶһ˽ˣһ˾סˡ
Ⱥ󽻾˿֮󣬼ʹƽʱѧϰգʱҲЩ򷽶˿Ե
ȻܿôĹڵһЩı屾ѧǮͿϣǣɼ̫ϻǲÿģҪǣٲһٴ
յĸǾˣƢȽϱ꣬Сտɱѵ˲ٻأͶĸײη
ĵҲǸɣҵĳɼ㻹֪Ҳ߲˶١
Щͬһ㶼£ĸȽϳ谮ʹɼãҲ˵Щʲôġ
һĻվͲˣڵСӺ˵˵أҺһЩƽҵĳɼǱõģҪҲҪһЩŶԡ
ʵ֤һЩģӵĴٽ֮£ƽʱѧϰǲȫŬԣɼȷҪһЩܲǺ̫ࡣ
ƽʱǲȽϵģϷȽⷽĻ⣬һȴͬˡ
ֻĵСӾƺðɣҿ϶ǿ
ڷͻأ֮ðţղԣҲûеһ£ֻѼӲ
߿֮Уѧ˵ÿһ֡ÿһ붼ҪӦõģ񷽶Сʱͽģʵ̫ټˡ
ԣ߳ңУ԰֮ʱУ԰һƬžûˡ


426 
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߿һ죬νȫĵգкӲμӸ߿ģǾȫܶԱϣӿһõĳɼ
ǵô򵥣ҪʵжģкӲμӸ߿֪ٸĸһȥͬġ
ǣУ԰棬һЩ棬֮£Ǵ̫£վŲٵĸĸ
У԰֮⣬˶࣬⳵Ҳ࣬·ıԵһ⳵ͣڵȺˡ
ʱδʱ䣬ԣ⳵Ŀ˻࣬ƣȵ˿Եʱ֮Ͷˡ
ΪڱУԣסСﲻԶ˵ô⳵߻ȥͿˡ
ѧУȥʱ߽һСһЩ·ԵñȽϰҲȽ١
߹֮ʱ䲻ǰһһȺˣ˶˵ǰ
Сӣڶסˡ
һĴЦ֮£һȺ֮Уͷһ׳ʵ꣬¶ЩЦ֮⣬ŷգ˵
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лǽϵСӣѧУһ֮УкܴȻС֮е
лһǣڸձѣְҵĴֵȵȣѧ˵ĻѾʮˡ
նˣ֮ԺлйϸȴҲһλԵɺϵ飬һΣ˰ϵһλŮ񼶵ܵлɧţñշˡ
𿴷ʦУʲôѧǣһЩеģ䣬˰еŮѣǸԹˡ
ǣճ嶯ĳȥλŮ񼶵ˣ˫ǽ˶Թ
һͷӼֻΪ˾λŮ񼶵ǣȽϲٵǣǸŮ񼶵ﾹȻ۸ڶе㿴𷽶գ˵һлл֮󣬱㲻ˡ
˵лǵһʱ䣬ѧͷѧʱСģ±лסˣһ١
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ˣˣؿˣһٴܲˡ
Ŀǰһɨյɫ΢΢һ䣬򷽶˵
뷨һΰܲ˵ģɫͬȴûԱ
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һֳһٶȣһ³嵽лǰȭͷ𣬳лıӣشһȭ
ĳ֣ͻأ⣬лӦ֮ǰлıһᣬѪ˳
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ӷĳ֣лıӴóѪٽһû˷ֻ֮һ˲䣬ղ첻ѡ
ǰСʵҲǣʱ˿̣չֳʵǾޱȵģ𾪡
ףԣǸôеǡеʿõѵļܿá
ʮֲ
뷨֮󣬵նˣһԱһ㣬˳ȥлȥˡ
ڡϷ֮Уѡְҵߣһ嵽л֮ʱһֵˡ
ֵߵһܣһʩչ֮ʱһ£Х֮һ±ˡ
лû˵׼ŷ֮ʱȴˣлûзӦ֮ʱһлĲλ
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ҲָˣҵɨҶȡ
һЦ֮ʱȴлӣѾȫˡ
ǣյһ˻ˣ෴ķɱȥˣǶ˷յס˶˵·С졣
԰׳̵ٶȣ嵽СǰƴɨҶȣһ߳ˣ˵ϡ
ֻš顱죬յĽ˶˵֮ϣȻһ߳һ֮Զ


427 
ڻĹķΧ֮ڣһЩص磬ңȻ桶Ըʣ˵øǿ׳
ȫλģǵʿսʿߣĳ̶ȶһģϣõҲԡ
һЩңʹüܣ緽֣ʹüܣԸһЩͨˣǱȽϹõġ
һص㣬ĻģҪڸǣ߿⴫ûüʱ䣬㴫硣
֪99%ĽӽʵʵȣȻҵʣʹϷļ֮˶ˣȫϷӿȥ
һϢһЩ֪ˣΪ𾪵ģĹĸ߲㣬飬ȴˡ
֪ϷһóеĹһ¶Ҫģǣȫö
ҺҪ⣬ȻᱻĶסĵĸ߲Ҫ鷳ȴҲס
ϾԼǻڲԱܸĴֵ¹飬ڹҲӰʹһЩҪԸ飬Ҳֱġ
ֱֱȥֻǱһЩСĻ£ԣ黹ǱһСķΧ֮ڡ
ʣǿʵϢһȫˣǰֺļ뵽֮С
ڶ̶֮ڣȫһڵ˿ڣ95ڼˡ֮УʣµһЩ˿ڣҲ½֮С
Ϊֳʲô󶯾ѾûʲôϵˣΪӰѾʧ˵ϡ

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Σȥһʡ
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齨ǱȽСɵģֻаӴСɽĴһŬǼġ
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һʱ򣬾ȫԸģûгԴֳ״̬ԣ˵ڶʱѾܺˡ
ĵܣɵģγһƵĵܣҪ֪Ҫһôˣɲ׵ġ
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⻹ǴĻŪֶſô̵ʱһ׼̧֮֮С
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»壬ɲ԰æ̨״пܵĻҲһƽڡ
鸣ҵ˴еһˣĿǵ˵
»ɽеһˣͲСʮӣ鸣˲٣ҲȽϸߣ鸣һ
»ɲ򵥣ֻһͨˣļȴ˲õģһϸľ˵ղ棬һԡ
ڸ»ĵ֮£һԭϣڿ̵ĵ֮£̶ʱ֮ڣһ̨ΩΩФӡ
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ˣˣ׼õĹƷݼһ񡣡
峤鸣˺˵
ɽ岻̫ԣ׼ĹƷΪʢģм⡢׷һһ˹


433 쳣
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ɽ׼Ḷ́ȫ̿УɣƷ֮Ӱһȥˡ
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ڴļݽ֮ʱ굱·һˣõӰȫںϵһ𣬳ΪһģһĴڡ
һںϵһ𣬵֮ϣðһĹâһĹâͨȻԿġ
쿴쿴ˡ
ˣˣ鰡ѾԳͨˡ
ǰͨˣһ飬һԱ֤ǵİȫȫǵĴӵġ
̫ˣ̫ˣǴҲ˱ˡ
ϣԱǣԶܵ޵ɧţݰݣݰݡ
ݰݣݰݣӡ

һƬɵĹâڴһɢķƣ˷ɨȥˣɽеڴһͷݵĸˡ
мޱȣ׷׿дʵģ֮УԸоһڴ֮Уһ֮Ŷˡ
ڴϵ֮ʮŨеƮ쵭Ȼζһ䵽֮ϣ˿С
Щ֮Ȼʮϡȴ˫֮Уյĵһ˿һƵ֮ܲ࣬黹ʮָ˵ġ
֮֮ϵɹâ㽥ȥеĴҲʼɢȥˡ

ֵһҹһ˵ҹʮֲֿģʲôħ֣ϲҹû
ϹʱҰʮΣգҹһΣգһã˴ӣȻʬҰġ
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ܶʱ򣬵Ĺɽ֮У䲻ȷѪ꣬ǣҲһЩģС鷳
ļ۵أ࣬ʹСĴӣҲʮ˼ңʮ˵ġ
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׳죬ûиоʲôԾ
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434 Ϯ
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ԣҲΪһͨЩﲻҿġ
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ΪҲǵģ콨ҹƵˣˣôɵ顣
ЧЧͼӰģţ̫ţˡ
ǲǰˣԺһԸˡ
˵ףƺ峤հԶڴ峤齨֮ʱ㻹Թء
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еˣ춼˯һþһҹ˯ڶſԾ㣬
һ˵ˣе˶ûиое磬쳣Ȼдۺͺ档
еĴ񶼸о֣ͬʱ۷׷׶ˣ˶Ϊ塢ԭ
űӭ˴еҹһƬƽˣеûйģԣ󲿷˶ˡ
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һΣȷʵʮƵˣȻˣֵģȻԽԽˡ
ҪĻĪǣǰһɱĶЩġ
Ӧģֻǲ֪᲻ᵲסһҪס
ǰ죬֤ͨʱԵסˣģȫˡ

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ȻҪڴβһ֤ң鶨ȻҪ֮еĹġ
ɽһڴĸо֮УֻоĴǣǿԿЩģһֻֻ紵
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˵·ɽ֮У֮࣬ۼһ֮ʱѪ֮ʮŨģĶɽӽ˵ġ
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һΣ˵õģ˵Ķһۼһ֮ʱǿޱȵġ
ֻһ֮ʱ˵ãļ֮£һǿޱȵ
ǿ֮ľģ˵ССһɽˣǧ˵ѪۺϵһҲδؿԳܵġ


435 
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ʵֻǴ˷磬κ磬ھ֮ʱᾭһ׶ΣϹ֮ʱ϶˵
˵һδεĶԼݱ֮Уǿģ˫ˣڵˡ
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˫Ķ½˵ŸոԳֻгΣ֮ǲνһδĴŮء
׼һ񣬲Ž˫ĴϹʱڣǡڴʱˣ˵ʢ֮ʱ롣
˵ŸոԳΣδʱ򣬲Ըı仯Ը
˵֮鿪Ϸ֮󣬸ȱ֮Ȼδʮֳ㣬ǣʱţսۣӦùõġ
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һʱĴ񣬸˯һʲôԾĵطȻ𴲣ġ
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˱ɣ޸֮ǣҶֻ֪Ҫۼһ𣬶㲻ҿģԣѾΪһֹֻҪ˶Ϯ飬֮˱ۼһġ
й˴ڴѪ֮ȻԳڶ뿪ǣʱ˿̣ȴûһֻ
ãôôĹ̫ˣȻγ˺ƣγ˷ӵѹ̫ˡ
õģʵ壬۸֮ģǣʱЩﾹȻγһֺƣХǹѾﵽһĵز
˶ĹʵھˣǴӵ˿ڣ²Ƕֻ֣ǧվһ𣬲п֮Կġ
һǱûôĹϮһһɱôĹŵڶı
ʹҲµģѾͨʮǿģһԵЩ
ȷʵԱ֤ǴҹҹܵţǣһϮɱĹʵ̫ģҲ֪񵲲¡
ԵģһԵģһ񵲲סǿɾͲˣӱȻᱻƵģԣһҪס



436 
Ϯ壬Ȼγһֺɫƶ䣬ǵصƣɽһڴоѡ
ڴпʮ˵ģװ׵ģһЩ˴ӣԼȻġ
ңǸʱѾʲô飬ȫ嶼ҪɱȻᱻġ
һ˲䣬ɽĴоֵʱ򣬶Ȼһһľˡ
йâйâˣ
ˣˡ
֣һа׵ġ

һľ֮Уڴֳģһֿ϶ĻЩʵδ飬һ
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һڹɱ֮ʱֳһֺ֮ƣʱ֣һָǰһ貶Ĺâָˡ
֮Уһ̻һĶһˣγһֵָ֮ϡ
һâָ֮֮ʱγһϯ֮һ㣬ǰϯȥˣΪһֻ֡
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437 
ɷ̺ɵȻԱƵЩǱò壬£һţɼˡ
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ԣһ飬Ҫһ࣬һ֮ŲƵһ磬γɵδжǿġ
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ڶĶһۼ֮󣬵γһֻ޴ޱȵĶʮɣԵʮӴӡ
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Ӿ޴ĿУЩ޷һЩ˵ĻͷѪģȴʹдŭˡ
˫һɣϣһ±һǿޱȵǵڵ֮תתˡ
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޾˶ϣһ󼸲ŵ֮£߽ˣۼһĴڣһ±Ѷˡ
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еĶγһֻ޴ޱȵĶ֮γɵһ飬΢һвģȫԸĳ֡
ǣ޴Ķ֮һ֣ǿޱ֮ЩԵֵģȻȥġ
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ȻǶϮγ֮״Žɽڶˣ¹ⶼԽˡ
ʱɽ嶼ܶϮģ˵һʱһأƽҲеĶǰγɵԽɽֶġ
ϹʱڣòΪģҹʱȻ
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֣еĶһɨգ֮ɨ֮󣬶ȻһƬǬ
һȥһɨգ޾֮ϵ¹⣬һҫˣҲӭɽڶĻ
̫ˣǻˣЩȫɵˡ
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һ˿һƵ֮λвˣֳһƮ̬֮Ϸȥˡ
ֳһ֮ƣе֮յ֮Уһе֮ĺĲλһ˿һƵ
ɣ֮ɣһ߸һ·һ䣬ع֮С
ֶޣ뿪̫Զľ룬䣬ʱڸɵʱ򣬸Ҫع鵽֮УЧõġ

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ʱ򣬴Ѿ˷Ӧʶ˲ԣҼһ˶˷Ӧһ׳֮ˣۼһ
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Щǿ׳Ĵүǵ󣬻һˡӺ͸Ůʮ־µӣֻж˵󣬲Ϊĵġ
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Ϲ֮ʱʹ˫Ķ½ѾһЩƶȺͲ䣬ǣ֡Ǯ֮Ķδֵġ
ֺͲժһЩӣһݺǰ;ְҵԵõʳԵõһЩ࣬ǿǣȷʵġ
ϹʱڣֻԲʽڣſʮֻҵʱڣġ
һķܺͷչֻеﵽһĵزſγһģģֻˣſڻҺΣյϹʱڣȥġ
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֮У޵Ĵڣȴɽ֮еģһ㲻¶ģ˵ɽĵطڱȽϿĵطɽ֮еģȴ룬һΣȻޡ
Ȼǿ׳ֵ꣬ѪʢʹǸȻͲ̫󣬵ǣȴҲġ
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һۿɿ˵ɽһڴ񣬷׷۶ˣе˵ģеͬ飬еֻе˵ڲ֮ģһСһУ֮֮ڣͷӡ
ڶˣڴۣ±Լǣһ˺ֻޣҵɫˡ
һֻƱһޣȴֱȱС˲٣èȴֱһè΢һЩôġ
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439 
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ܶڶһиָĿǣڴȥҲ֪ڴԷ棬ˣȴʵġ
٣ǲģɽ֮Уκδ껹׳꣬붡ȹȴġ
ϹʱڣӣҽܲԴ֮ˣǿǿᡣ
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֪֮ڶɽĴ񣬵ɵˣ޵ޣҪǿ̫ġ
˵޻ͨ˵ķ֮ڣޱ㿪ʼ볬֮ķ֮ˣʵ֮ǿͨ˿Եֵġ
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ܰܰϿܰ
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ܣܰǶܰ޸ɵеģôܰ
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440 
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ɽ֮УȷʵһЩԻǼҼһˣȴҲһϵ˼ңְԻ
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441 
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ԼģӴ鷳һãǴӵĸ
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ʵǱȽǿģΪػȺ֮УĶ٣ͨҲвһġ
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ǣλ֮ʵǵõһ̶ȵĻָʱĽ𵤾ʿԲϷֺġ


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ͨͲ˵ˣһֻޣȴʵ˲õģĿǰΪֹһʾͨ
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λһӱüӱϣǣ˵еٮٮߣȴǶĪ¶ϣ˶ġ
˵ϣ׵ɫ󣬼Ի֮γ˿ߣϲƶȥ


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447 
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ɽ꣬ǰ֮ģǰ˵ˣʹʮˣҲҺһֻҰŶԵġ
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⣬ôܣ𣿡
̯˫֣Լϼ˫֣еһˣֱţ
࣬˵ɽĴ峤鸣һ֧ģеݹϵҲǴеһְˡ
ǰˣȫ֮棬ȫ׼壬ŸһֻҰŶԵġ
ţʣµˣһʮţֱû뵽Լһ˫ֵ֣ҰͶĳ
λǣһ죬һû뵽ɣǿԵ˶ԸҰȻûˣǰǲġ
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ʵԽԽǿͽֶԸޣտԵ˶һֻҰĳײʵۿԿġ
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ǲ򵥣ͷλֵǱĬ֮УΪһ֧ͷ

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һ·ǰУš֦Ҷ죬һ˷ֿïܵҶǰ֮ʱǰģһƬĺ
ɽĺǿ̲ǧදһ΢紵γһĲĲˡ
羵һĺܻ˵ܺãһ֮ʱûлʧ̬ǣȴҲһܡ
̫ˣֺ죬ˮˣ㲻ã¶ޡ
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һãĿռ乻Ѱһ΢ƫƧͰȫһĵطûġ
ǰԲͣģһȴһˣʵʮǿᣬһ֣ʵҲõ˼һΣգѾȫӦˡ
۵ɽȥǰһͬһĺȥ˰ɽڣ֮ʱ˲ԡ
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ӸµĿ·ȷʵļһЩۼǼΪԵģɲ
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һΣǵʵǣҴ˲ˣһɲҲԲôĵط
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448 ͻ
羵һĺߣѾ˽ȵˣںռһƬСĵطһƬߵĿտ֮ϣѾ˼УһΪ
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ΪһĵӣܵһеӵܵӣĲ䲻ͣ²ɣʮֵСǣ۹⻹ڵġ
۹ڣڶɽĸ֣һһʱ˼ڶԸ˶֮󣬱춡ǹһˡ
˫֮󣬵һȷʵΪʿǣﻰ⣬ڴ̽ǵʵôġ
ϹʱȽϻҵʱʮҪģĸңǿļ壬ҪǿΪ壬ſȥ
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ڶǵĲ֮£һûʲô׼԰ǧﳤܵĿԣͶǶԸһ£һҪŪʵԴ
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ԴһģȻͨˣһЩ֮ˣһЩˣǣЩ֮ȻҲϲ㣬
ڴϹʱĩڣҺռλҲһЩҵĳΣ֪ġ
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һ뷨ҪӶŪķϧǵľԲһûеóѡ
ǸϲһΪУ΢΢üȡ˼ҵֶΣҪǿѹƶǣȡķ
ҲǺ۸ģ˫˴ˣաϲ뷨ǼʹõһЩУһЩʵǣԼ֮Ǻ׽֮ѹơ
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ֱϲ֣˾棬ɽ֮ǿĶҲǡϲĶ֣£Ǳߡ
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ƹƹң
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һĪĳͻɽ˲С鷳ɽǵĵңɽǵĴ壬ӰʵǲСġ
һȥǵһ˵֮󣬵ҼĻԱˣһµĴУĴУµҪõ֡
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ڵһ˴Ѱ֮£õ֮ҵɽ֮ڣһָ߸ϵ̬ٴɽ巢˳ͻ
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һ˻࣬ǣ˵ڶ֮Ͷ˲٣ȻǴ˵ԴڣȴֻҪϵģԵõĴС
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ֻһ˵ʣµЩ񣬾ûеõֱӴڣǣȴҲõЩѾܵ˴ڵ˵Ĵڡ
ʱһǱȽϴ󷽵ģе˽ûôǿңټ϶һӵˣմ״ʵģ㲻ûֱӵϵ
ԣʹֻһ˵ʣµҲϰһЩʱÿ˵ʵȻڶʱڴﵽһĳ̶ȡ


452 ޵
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ܳ˲ٿȴȻģҼΪɽڴд֮ͨУȻ˲õġ
Խ˲õĴУҼԽ죬뽫Ǵõ֣ԣһΣȻ˵ҵ
Ҽķ˵ʮȷģɽһ壬ȷʵõĴУѧһϣ裬ΪģһĴпɱȡ
ҼȻµһ㣬βȫԸɽǵҵʵֱˣֻΪ˶Ըɽ塣
һĵ磬ɽ֮⴫ɽ֮УȻ̳νǳˡ
ãˣҸϿټһӭˡ
Ͽ죬ҸϿӭˣȻǵ֮ˡ
д浱Ǻ۸Ĳɡ

һ죬˷ӦҲλʹ˾裬֪ʲô鷢
Ҽǰɽˣ磬ɽĴ˻ȥȴҲ֪Ҳݵģһ죬ʱ䣬̫
Ϊ׼ӦʱŻܿģЩδ֮ʱɽλѾӦ˹űۼ˴ڡ
УıǹꪣֱܸӰ˵ģͳһȴС
ɽ屾һôıģ֮ԿһǴӵõġ
ΪɽǵȨߣҵʵɲ򵥵ģԴҲ㣬ʱݳƷıӵв١
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ʱǰ֮ƣڿԿһˣһƥƥı֮£ǰɽ塣
ԵҵʵһԲֹ˵ģ˴εˣǵʵǿһˣǵõ˳֮еġ
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ϹʱĩڣһԾ˵ѪһֽͨҰ޺֮һϮ֮ʱٶǼġ
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д˵ԾѪһŨȣʾһЩͨɿնߡ
ʹԵҵǿ󣬺ϼ֮ҲֻƥԾҲԿɽ壬㹻ӣȫ
üһؿǶˣȻôˣ˲ˡ
ȷʵˣȻһӳôˣҵʵǲСﰡ
Ҳ֪ܲܶȹһΣǴҲ֪ô£һʱ䣬鲻ϰ
ȷʵ¹ʲϣֵܹȥɽһԵõԾʽķչδزܹչΪһС
һ֣ǵȫܣϣ⣬ضǵġ

ﵽ˸ǰ֮ʱɽĴ񣬲вֻǣǵȱ٣ֱս
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Ҫ֪һģһʱϰ֮ʵõ˼ɽ֮УʵһλĴڡ
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ʱͶˣȻҲӲһˣ붡һ𣬽˵޵µһС
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˫һ֮ʱԿģһ硢һơһ꣬Ѹޱȡ


453 
ԴӴ֮ɽĴΪʵѾ㹻ǿˣԱһЩ
ɽ֮Уһû˲ΪѾˣȴû뵽иǿˡ
޵һ壬ɽʵȽǿˣɽ˵𺳣ʵǲСġ
ؼһ壬һ廹ռϷ磬öǼûл֮ʱȻӡ
һڴҪһ֮ʱҵһڸ֣Ҳģͬһӵˣǣһսˡ
ȷʵɽе٣ˣ񣬻ٶʹҵʵиеͣʱȴԳֵġ
˫һսһ𣬳浹ʮֻҵģ࿰Ƽޱȣǣɽһڴȴ·硣
ɽڴʵļ죬ǣȣǲһЩģҰĻۣǲġ
ڵһڸֵĳ֮£ɽĴǽڽڰˣ˼ΪΣյĵزһһұϣɽľһġ
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ɽһڴҷ֮ʱҲṩ˰Լ֮չɽǡ

˫񿪱ٳģΪ˶½½ڶ½˾֮ʱ½ҲһһЩ档
½֮ڣһս˲ǿߣʹǿ飬Ҳ࣬˷
ӵиǿ֮£ǰ񼶺ʹ漶ǿߣЩ˵飬䵽˷֮УΪ˰ߴ档
˫ʱһΪˣһֵ˫Ķ½춨֮
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𵤾ʿȻʵǿǣ½֮ϣвɴֻһְҵߡ
ְҵ߹ʮѾǺܸߵһˣϣΪ棬ʱ򣬱Գˡ

˫֮зܶʱʵ֮УҲڷŲ˼ĸı䣬ΪʵϷĳ֣ʵǵʵõ˳ĳ
ϷӽʵԳΪĵطҲ˵ˣһϷĳЩ񣬵õ˾齱Խռ֮С
ˡڸ֮ռķչҲСˣ΢ſһЩģòߵʵõǿ
ǣֻҪˡңϷıȽϺ֮ʵõһЩġ
ȫ˵ȫʹõ֮ϣݣֲ¼һˡ
ңڹĻǱȽϵģСĶȻ٣ȴûзչ󶯵ĵز
Ϊ鳤ڹҸΣ˫ͬʱȴʵеһЩ
ȫʺʵᶯΣĻһǷɴ飬ڸǲסˣֵ½֪ٵ۹ңԻĿʼˡ
ҺãһʵȽǿĹңҵһΪԵֵȥˣһǷɴδؿԱס㲻ãдѡ
ͬʱĵĿѧȷʵõ˼һЩοƼо˳ĵĿƼۣڽ
һգõһõϢȴǷɴ֮ϣʼյһźţǳƵʴļźš
źţһѧҽн֮󣬵õ˲õϢԭǷɴڵ˿ʼϵһǷɴˡ
洫Ϣ֮鶼üˣʣҪɱˡ
ڵ֮ϣȻй㷺󣬵ǣδ֪˭еӵģʹ飬ҲЩǵġ
һƽĵ򣬽Ҫˡ

򣬾̫ϵϵ֪ǿ֮УһǷɴڻǰУٶȷɿ졣
ٻһϰǣǷɴٶȣȴٿԱģֱƵһ㡣
嫵ǿգʮһϾ𺳵һе֮ߣ޷
޾ǿ֮УһſźһģһſŵǣΧźתһſǣǿ֮дС䡣
ָǳ鲼޾ǿ֮Уֳһȱޱȵġ
ǴûǿյˣһϲѣĹۿǣһҷɴ֮ʱɴ֮еЩˣȴʮֵġ
ǷɴǸ߿ƼUFOʵڷǷģϣ֪һʲôʣȻԳһƬͨ͸
һƬͨ͸͸ɫ֮£Կǿգɫһ࣬һſǳһŹһ㣬֮䣬ɢɡ
һƬľɫһ˼ˣоʮ˷ܵģǣǷɴеļˣȴʮ֮
ˣ𲻴󣬿ֻ˵ĸͷҪֻ࣬һӡ
ʵڻջһǷɴ֮У˵Ĵڣ˵ģҲģͬǸͷఫ˼ֻ֣ﵽһ塣
Ƿɴ֮Уһźܴӣλã˺ܶˣǶڴķ羰һ㶼ģֻ⡣
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˵ĽȻõԣƺö˵ʱһ˵ı飬ʮࡣ


454 ƽΣ
嫵ǿգޱ޼ʣ˵ǿպƴ󺣣ǳһ˵ûɵġ
ǳ󺣣ƺ˿һƬط˵Եʮֿտʵϣǳĵ׺󺣲Ȥ
ǳ֮УУΧһźתǡúʵĳ֣ת
ǿ֮Уǳ׺䣬֮⣬ǱȽ٣ֵ߳Ĳôԡ
ǳתйɣȴҲһЩڹ֮еǳǡʯ֮ģ⣬зɴ
һһķɴǿ֮ǰУ·һ֮Уâһ֮£ɴѾȥԶˡ
ȥɴƲӣʵڲĿռ䲻С䵱ĴգԿ
ڻ֮УһԲεӣռмĵط˵żɬѶĻ
ͬһˣЩ˵Ļһҷɴ顣
̽11Ҳ֪ôˣϢȥôʱˣûظǲǳʲô飿
˵Щ̽ͺŵķɴյ̫ˣһãΣգΣ֮ء
֪̽ͺŷɴǰţѾٻˣҵʱֻʣһЩк
ܹʣ²кѾˣ˵̽ҷɴˣķѣеĲкƻǿ޵ĶȡʱѾһЩǿ޵θḯʴˡ
̽ɴҲˣЩ̽Աùģ̽ɴıʩȻȽϺãǣһ׹٣̽ԱԴļʣʵ̫Сˡ
⻰Ҫóϻ֪ˣǿռ¾ͻΪ֮ˣЩ̽ԱȷʵȽϱߣմ

̽ԱڽʵҲûʲô£Ǹ²ۣ֪һһᣬеȼƶȵĴڣҲжԵȼƶȲˡ
ɴȻǰѸУƿնУһſǳΪ˷ɴĵ׺·Ϊǰ;ָ·ơ

Ĺһصľ»֮УһҾ޴ķɴͣ˾»֮Уɴ֮Уڽ
һ»أڵ֮¼֮ԺܺãǼǣԷ֡
һҷɴֳһԲεʣһ׹䵽˻ĲǷɴ
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ƾ翵Ϣϻûйҿκε˻ģ51ʮ棬Ҳ˵˵ĴڣȴҲûйһȥۻ롣
޴ǷɴиоԱһ޴оأ˵һоء
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Ƿɴ֮УһڿѧȷʵоһЩΪ˻ĵĿƼ˵ȫʵϷеĽᾧˡ
һΣǰоǷɴһڿѧоߵɫʮȻΪ̨̨һʾƣڲϵ˸
ʾ˸ͣһһӳյվ̨ǰߵҲһʱ粻ʮѿ
ɴϵźŽһֱڽδ֪źţһһѰ
һͷ׷߿˵
ΪʱʮаˣǻĿѧһλţڵӿƼ裬ʮָ
ҪоһǷɴɲô׵ģĵĿƼչЩ࣬ǣƼţǲٵġ
ǷɴֻһңɻĵĿƼţ٣ҪǰоһһǷɴɮٵ֮£Ҫɲ׵ġ
ܶѧҶҪоȴҲûôףֻоһſԵõᡣ
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ǱҪҵԿƻָʾƵķһǵһѰġ
һ߿ˡ
ʱʮ壬ǻĹڿѧĴţλΪҪ߳һ˭ûһűĹء
һߣüͷ壬Щεĵʱ̫̣Ȼ¿ԲЩť֪ɴһЩܣǣеԭȴȻ֪⣬ңÿһãԾȷĲٿأҪϨָʾƣ̸ס
һ٣߼˵˵˭Ҳܱ֤ϨָʾƣҷɴԲյԷϢһʲôصĹؼȻϵô죿
һߣֽŴҲʮмˣν϶ּᣬڻĵĿѧ磬ȻԾӰ
˴оǷɴŴΪףǣʮƵǣ죬ȴδضô⡣
Ƿɴǳǰ˻ĵǰĿƼˮƽʹĿƼˮƽһ֮Զӡ
ˮƽΪ֮£ҪоһЩо͸ӽǵˮƽ϶ס
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Ŵͷ֮£ǷɴоΪڣÿһʮ꣬ڱʮˡ
˭֪ƻϲϱ仯оû೤ʱ䣬̨ϵһָʾƣ㿪ʼһֱˣ𲻶ġ
һо֮󣬲²йˣŴΪˣҪжϵȴ԰쵽
ò˵ǿƼǿƼʮֲ˼ҴϢķʽҶҲָʾƷڱãȴӲҲϢĵ㡣
ŴĻһ˵꣬üͷ΢΢һ壬˵ȷʵʹָʾƣҲδؿԶϾϵǣһϣǡңǸ˵òҪֱҵ򣬻ܵĴἫġ
ȷʵһΪѵ飬׼Ҳҵĸ߲ѣĴ㡣
Ϊ̾һ˵
Ŵ΢΢ͷɫѿĵҲֻˡ

һССָʾƣʹûĹڷӿϵҵľžͷеҵµӣص׼
Ϊҵ鱨أֿ϶Ҳ˱ս׼רڴ¼飬һ⡣
֪Ϣ֪˿Ϯ֮ʱУҲʼһЩŸˣһЩ׼
һڵϣʵ׷ݵֻ꣬ǣԳݱʷȴаꡣ
ôһֱڵϣṳ̂Ŀռ䣬ûк˽Ӵ˭֪˶ڵǸʲô̬ȡ
˻ѺãĿƼ󣬻һֵȫˣںǿ֮ߵʹǳѪȺӶᣬҲʮƵġ
һǷɴѾԿǿƼȵƼ˶٣һЩ˵Ҳ֪ԵɲԵֵ


455 
ǿ֮УǳתۼԳɣʮꡢꡢ꣬ڰ궼ı䣬һֱйɡ
һҷɴһſǳԱ߷ɹˣ̫ϵ̫ϵ֮󣬷ɴ֮У˼Ŀڡ
ˣڷˣһ̽ɴһ
̫ˣڷˣֻҪѭһȥһҵ̽11š
һҵ̽11ţǱˣҲˣӦýСһЩʲôΣյĻ±֮

ɴ֮УٴδһЩϲ֮⣬еϲеظ˵塣

֮ϣĹĳһ̫ռվ֮УһǽϹŴĻǽ΢һЩĵطһŵԣǰǼžװľʿ
ʿڹ۲ϵĻ棬ʱûһµԵļ̣ϵĻ棬ϵıš
ͻȻһʿָµĶһͣ˫˲ɴ˼㣬סϵһ档
ֻͣƬ̵ʱ䣬һϢʿæụ̂ϵǸ棬˲Ŵˡ
⡭ǡɵ
ʿɫΪȻ
ʲôɵƶ࣬㲻ǿЦɡ
Աߵһһ䡣
ϺȻıƱմȾһԽԽˣͬʱش˵ӳҿɲǿЦ쿴ⲻǷɵ𣿡
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ӳаĹһ
ӳĻϵӰӣһζӰŴ֮γɵһƽһĶһ
Ƿɵ
ڵĻʾģǷɵӰ֮󣬶ӳҲˡ
ʲôɵзɵ
Ȼзɵ
ɣƭ˵İɣôзɵĴڡ


վеĹ۲Ա˶ӳͻƶĶԻ֮󣬽к棬ӵˣܵ˻ƶйۿ
վڰĻеĹ۲Աһ󲿷ֶǾˣƽʱļɣʵڲġ
ƽʱϰʱǸˣӳһѵǵģǣʱ򣬶ӳѾɵˣˣﻹܵ˱ˡ
һڰŰɻ߸ŵĹ۲Ա˵֮ǰ۲֮ʱ˽ˣֱԼ۾
ǷɵһǷɵУ飬Ҫϱ
ӳĵ

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һЩӵеǼʵʮ־˵ģȫָǣ֮ʱһâȻ˲˿ȥ
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öһը֮ʱ籩ڴ֮бȻһƬգըŤƵġ
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ڴзֱըʱ򣬵֮ϣǿĹңᡢչͱŷȹңȫһĻ
һҪ»֮У˸˵ĻϵıըǷɴ֮ʱһ˿Ǵ󾪵ġ
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˵51⣬һһֱţ˭֪а
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ѭźŵָǷɴѰ˵򣬿ǣδʲôһҵѾˡ
ڷɴУվһţϵɫ̫ÿĵзݡ
һǹ飬϶⡣
Ҳо⣬̽11ţһ䵽䵽ǵҪûװ
ƣźȴͻȻжˣǿֱȥҲô鷳ˡ
ôˣȽЩ˵Ķ˰ɡ
ԣȴˡ

ڽһ֮һǰ˷ɴƲеһťǷɴ֮Уһ𶯡
ʮöγһΧ֮ƣǷɴȥ֮ʱȴδӽǷɴ㿪ʼƫת
Ŀʮȷĵڿ쵽Ƿɴ֮ʱȻúͷӬһ㣬ת
һööڵϿյĴУûԵתһָһ㣬߰ת
󣬴Ƿɴ֮ϣһĹߣЩȥˣƶһ㣬˵֮ϡ
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һԱߣһСĿյأǷɴһ֮ʱͣǴյ֮ϡ
ںԱߣҰںˮģǷɴȻһ֮ʱĶǲСġ
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һϢ֮˶ǷɴѾӰ·ڹ
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޵һƬյ֮ϣƲ˲Ƶģ˺ѿһŲĻԳС˵Ӱ
Һò߸Сˣ򣬼һŮ񣬿γɰѩ߸С˵ͯ£˴̡


456 
׼أĴ䣬ԴǷɴĽ䣬һ̻һսʼ˴֮Уδеľ춯صı仯
ǷɴĽ䣬ϵйҶˣܷɴû˵ĳ򣬲Ӱȴ˼ȵĹע
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޵սȻ겻ǣǴһ޵ĹģͻȻ֮䣬սȴȻˡ
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˼ԦǷɴ䵽˵֮ϣһǷɴҿ϶ȥġ
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˵ΪоǷɴõһֿƳεļᡢŷͶȹңȻҲƳεļȴ֪ġ


457 
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458 
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459 
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۹ΪʲôҪ̽͵ķɴҪԴһǺܱԴֵ֮ߣһԴԱġ
Ǹ۹֮У򣬽õλˣԣڷ˵֮˾ϲˡ
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ҷɴθвͬеԲ̣Ƿɴ࣬еΣеĺһҴȵȡ
оǿƼ棬һڹȻģǣȴҲжص뷨ķɴģвͬڲһͬ
˵ģΪɽկҵľۼأûʲôǻĲɽկģϵĩʱɴеĸµƷĶɽկ
ǷɴͬĵɽկķɴǷɴһģһûвġ
ò˵˵ãɽկǷɴһģһڲҲмֶͬһġ
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ʱ䣬ȫеĿѧȷʵоһЩõĿƼȫɴֻǣҲδеĿƼƽ
ɽկķɴǷɴһģһģңһЩ仯Ūķɴһ״
ĹңŪķɴ߰ģӵиָ״εģΣйģġ
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ȻһһİˣŴ򿪵ʱ򣬾վ棬Ŵ򿪣һ֮ʱ׳˽ȥ

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Ʒɣǵʲôط̽15ŷϢĵطжԶ
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ƷɻشĿصѾܽˣѾﵽһ֮ˡ
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463 
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˵ӰĻ֮ϣһĻ˲СˣΪ˶ʮһСĻͬʱǽֳĻ
߿СһЩĻ֮ϣ߸ɫɫˣʮ죬Уˡ˺ͺ˶ˡ
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ӷĪ̽ϵõƼϵĿƼϣγɵϵʮ˵ãȻ̽齫һķΧ
ԴƲ⣬ȻԵóĪɵ۹սʲôʱᵽ̫ϵıԵұҪ׼Уӭսĵ
ܿˣ˵ĺܶԣȷʵӦһˣҪκη棬һأǷĪɵ۹ս򡣡
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һССĻ֮УһȽϰСĻˣߵ˵һ̶̵ֱ۸߸߾ţ߲ӡ
Ļ֮еģվŵİ񣬻ŵķɴǣȻԴһЩϸСķ濴һߡ
ʵҲˣʮչĳԱȷʵߣֻһһ㣬Щˣơ
չĴչ۹˼룬ֳƾ˼룬һֱеģӵڶսѿһֱչ˵Уٹ̡
ò˵չ壬Ӹԣǣһһǿ뷨ȴһֱġ
չܹôһĵطһȻĸƼˮƽߣʵǿȻֻģ֪չȻгڵĵط
ˣһηַĪɵ۹սһֵģȴ֪ʲôõİ취ܹѪеЩˡ
Ļڵָ֮䣬Īɵ۹˸ɵһ㣬ȴû뵽һת֮£ָ顣
飬ʮ̬֮УԿ֮ʮԵġ
ɨʮһۣ鵭ĵĪսĵһγ֣ȻҷֵģԾѾ˲СĹףôɵǷɴҪ취ǡ
ʮƤЦⲻЦһ£ƹάʵ򰵲ؼ̵ĵν߶ͣĵϸҿ֪ΪΪĹĸ߲ڣһǿߣֺαǫءߣʲô취ȴ䣬ԸǷĻ̥
СӵĻ˵ĲڻĻȷʵͨһЩȻľ֡
ʮĵ⣬ʮ˻ĺչһֱĵ⣬Դڵڶսʱڵ֮⣬Ϊ鳤չһЩ̽Ļɱ
չ۹֮ĲÿһʱΣвչ̽ӣڻǱǰġ
һЩչĳߣڻĽ꣬һƬƬķˣʱ軪ĳصĴ
֮£϶ҪֵģΪ鳤ôһʱ֮Уչڻĵʧδ̫һЩνġ
֮ԿԳΪչʮ֪ļ壬չռ˼ߵĵλʵǳߡ
Ϊһ߼壬Ҫչһֱռݸߵĵλ϶ҲҪŬģ磬ɳߣҲġ
ڶչ˻֮ʱΪ׵ֵΧɱ֮£νʧصģԳ֣ɱ̣㲻֪һˡˣУһλ̡
ԴڴˣʮȻʮģԣֶΣ伫
еĵδһһ֪ǣʮĵ⣬黹Ǹ֪ʮģɲֵֹˣҲ
ҷɴԶҲڷĪս֮ǰڶɱԲģ罫ʮɵˣ
ڷĪɵս֮ʱͬΪˣȻڶǣֻܺʮ̡


464 ¶
̫ϵԵ޾֮У΢ǳâ֮£ǳ֮УĻǳֳһƬڵľԿǧ֮ľ
Īɵ۹ľ޴ս̫ϵʻӽ̫ϵ֮ʱսٶȻ
Ȼһ䲻С䳡֮УĪɵ۹һ꽫һ
β˸еĳһ㣬䳡ĸռ֮У˸ͣһն˷
꽫һ۷֮ʱ䳡Ĵű֮ʱ߽Ʒɡ
ԿóƷ꽫ӵģĸһЩȽҪ飬ġ
ѾһСϵˣǸϢĵطҪˡ
Ʒ򽫾
ã̫ˣڵ˵طҵҪʲô飬Ȼǵ۹̽ͷɴȫû
Ŀ͸ɱ
Īɵ۹ʵȻǿǿһزʵǿ̫࣬ǣ̽ͺŵķɴȴҲ޾ġ
̽͵ķɴʹڷĪɵ۹֮УҲ࣬Ƿɴеæ죬Ǻϸ̽Աࡣ
Īɵ۹ģѰҵԴϱ۹֮󣬻õܴ棬˵ʹ÷Īɵ۹֮Уðյˣ
ԸΣյ£ȥȡȻ٣ǣЩǺϸ̽Աϸ̽Աȴġ
Īɵ۹Ҫһϸ̽Աôף̽Ա٣һһ
ϸ̽Ա٣̽͵ķɴһ̫ģÿһҶ˺ţ۹˵ĿƼõϡ
һ̽ͷɴʧɵ۹Ƽйԣ꽫˼ȣһҪȷ̽ͷɴ䡣
Īɵ۹̽ͷɴȻʮǣµҲûһҷɴµ󣬻ǱȽټġ
з꽫ҲҪһεг̣ҳ̽ͷɴƻԭ
İҷɴѾ̫ϵıԵΪܵķϵ֪˷Īɵ۹ս֮ʱһ˸Ϊܵķߡ
սĽһһΣȫ˾һҪһʮܵķ߲ſԣزʹĪɵ۹ս
µһߣʹõĶһЩ߿ƼƷеǰ۶ģҲдӷĪɵ̽ͷɴϵõĿƼ
Īɵ۹ս֮ʱսĹģʮֲСֱﵽʮĵزǣ֮ʱȴʮɵĶ㿪˴󲿷ֵ塣
һЩߵĿ϶֮Ужˣһֻɵһ㣬ȴҲһЩ壬֮ġ
Īɵ۹սʵʮ˵õģ˵õ˼ģôһģսȻɵĶò˵ʮ˲
ҲһЩȽϸ壬֮սȴҲа취֪ʹʲô취ȻԽЩˣˡ
ЩĶȴҲһǴ̽ͷɴ֮еõǿƼĪɱսа취Ըġ
Եϵ취һЩͷߣĪɵ۹ս׵ĿԽȥ˲Сϰ
Īɵľ޴սһСʯ֮Ծ֮ʱ֪Եʣһʯ顱һը˿ƬƬʯ
һž֮Уʯ֮£һʯˮһ㣬˾޴ս֮ϡ
һʯս֮ϣֻ΢ȴûսһĻۣȻոʡ
ĪսĲʣ䲻֪õĺֲʣȴģЩʯĳսı棬ûһ˺
ʯıѡըûжս˿˺ǣȴڱ¶˷Īɵľ޴սĴˡ
޴սһֱ˷ϵͳ˻Ĺɽկɴһʱ䲶׽һսټ֮⣬˺ûзַĪսĴˡ
ڱըһ̣Բεķɴ֮У֮ڣվڿ̨֮ǰУһˡ
ߣңǲܵġ
һЦ૵ĵ
Īɵ۹սȷʵʮ˲µķߣκβսͨͥŲһ㡣
ҺãЩ֮УҲֱʣµһЩۼһЩ۵ĵطԼʶ
һʯ֮ϣ㸽һʶĪɵ۹սһʶһˣ㱻ˡ
һʶһ˲һǿҵıը֮Žʯըˣ¶˾޴սĴڡ
ھ޴ս¶һ̣ҵķɴ֮ϣ豸Ҳ˷ӦЩҲ쳣
֮Уǰһǽ֮ϣӰ˸ৡ֮УһŹĻǽϣһĻ֮УһӰ
λѾ˷Īɵ۹սҸϿ췴ӦһҪսɵǡ
һ˽ܿˣٷɿ˵
ҪһҾ޴սɵôף˴һսƾѾʮ˳Ծˣ뽫ɵǼˡ
չķɴʮһʮƺ𾪡˵û֮ǰֺ
ʮǲ룬ʮţ֮ǰǱȽϿģƷĪɵ۹ǰǷɴԱ׸ɵһ㡣
˾޴սӴģʮû֮ǰĿڳˣеĿ־壬֪ˡ
չ˹ļԣ֪ģһǿߣʮû֮ǰţˣʮǫѷˡ
չ˾ԣڲĿ˺С֮䣬תȻ鲻òһ˾ġ
˫΢΢һУһЦôʱˣȲʮţһĿˣƾ֮䣬ԽĪɵ۹սɵƵģб£ȥ
Ͷʮˣʱס˻ᣬɲģ˵
ʮѾսսˣʱһңŭ;µһһ˲ͨˡ
֪Ǿñ軹ô£ʮϣɫʮΣǱʮѿˣǰͱˣʱȴûǸӡ
ʱĽܿ˳Բˣ˵ˣˣѾȹؼʱˣǾͲҪڶˣӦҪŽһ£ͬŬǣȡĪɵ۹˸ɵ߷²
ӦŽһ𣬲пǸһﶷһ
ԣܶԣ־ɳǣһ֣һƴ֮ġ
һеϲźá

ҷɴĽ󲿷ֶ־ʹ֪УȴҲҪһսģܸԷһҲġ
ܹΪҷɴϵԱһҵģ٣ˣҲǵӵˡ
ÿҵĵһҷɴܹˣȻϸĵ飬׵ģſġ


465 ս
Īɵ۹ľ޴սһһ㣬ѹ˹·ǿ֮УȻһӰ
޴սԺٶȿԺܿ죬ǣڽҪսʱȴܽٶȿֻͣ
ھ޴ս֮ʱһɳصѹǿ֮ɣŵϵİҷɴѹȥˡ
һ̽͵ĵɴԷַĪɵľ޴ս޴սֲܷ˰ҵɴʶ˽ǰ֮ʱսʾս״̬
޴սٶȽԲεս֮ϣһŻһŴĸˣӾ޴ս֮з˳
ǿ֮Уûģûƽٳصĸǿ֮Уֻ沨
Ȼǻеսס
ǿ֮гֵһˣ˫΢֮£һ˳
ڷĪɵ۹Щ˽⣬Ȼ֪еս׵Ĵڣһǿĸ˵ȻսȲϷɴսǣϣȴҪǿġ
͵ĻеսȻߣСһЩĻеսҲһߣһȻģǣɴսȷȣȴҪࡣ
ȻһķеսҪģԣһЩǼս֮УеսҲ
Ӿ޴սĻеսףǲ٣ӸŻ֮гһ˲֮ࡣ
پ߻еսףһ֮Ѹ˼࣬˴֮䣬һľ룬Ѹ͵ǰȥ
Щеսһ֣Ķȷʵ˲ãÿһôϽô죬Ȼ˳ʱѵϡ
پ߻еսףһֱֺײ̬ŵİҷɴȥǿ֮вϵߣֳһ̬֮֡
칥
ڣ㹥
ڣڰ

ҷɴĽ׷׺ȳˣ֮£׷׳ˡ
ҷɴҲúܿγһְΧȦپ߻еս׶ȥˣԲͬս֮ϣԳǹڿڡ
ĹɽկԲηɴ⻬ı֮ϣৡһ£âת¶˷һڹܡ
飬Ʒһڿ֮ϣâת֮£һ⣬ǰˡ
ÿһҷɴ֮ϣ֪¶˶ٵļ⣬˲һŹپ߻еսȥˡ
ǧٵ⣬γһЩеսֶȥˣֽ޵һƬâ֮£еսװ˵Ҫʧصġ
ǣһ˶ǲ𾪵һĻڼ֮ʱһ߾߻еսףǿ֮н˼Ϊλ
һ߾߻еսףӵʮ㳬Ѱȣһǰ֮ʱһ߻λ
Щеս׵ߣֳһֱֵ̬֮֡ߣѰ·һֱһֻζ̬ǰеġ
ҵɴϻļߣʮܼʮͣٶֿ죬ҪȥôףοЩеսڱеĹжܡ
ǣеսλԼڱеĹ֮Уֳֻζȴнļ߱ܿˡ
ʵ̫࣬ڶеս׵λԶ㿪һЩߣȴȻһߴˡ
顭
һ⣬˻еս֮ϣ˲ɼеս׵ı棬һ㵭ĹĻ
˻еս׵ı棬ܱһ֣Եһļ䣬ײһ֮ʱˡ
䱻ˣǣһ㵭ġķĻȴҲһ»ˣһ
ÿһеսףֻһ߻УǱȽٵģԣ󲿷ֻеսףȱġ
νϸ㣬پ߻еս֮Уֻߣϵļ߻ˡ
һߣеսױϵһĻһ»ˣŵһߣͬ˻еսϣһŻ𻨡
䣡

һһıըУһ߽һߵĻеսף౬ըˣγһŵĻ棬籩һ±ˡ
Һãپ߻еս׾ȽϿǿһĻը֮󣬾ԻըһƬһƬġ
еսȷʵԷӳǿսǣһγɵҲǲģԾޱȡ
ǿ֮Уγһ޴Ļ򣬵ȼǾޱȵģԺɨһеӡ
ڼĺɨ֮£پ߻еսףֻиλıˣڻ֮£ɼƬĲкܼȥ
еս֮УȻмʻԱԼԦеսףݺǿյˣΨʮָʿҲǷĪɵ۹֮еľʿſġ


466 ս
ǿķĪɵ۹˵սͻеսףǻΪһǿսһеսɵĵս
ÿһλԼʻеս׵Ļʦ򵥵ģҪǿǡѸٵķӦҪḻ֪ʶڻеս׷һЩ֪ʶ
ô˵ΪһʦȳΪһսĽһҲ׵ģҪġ
һʦԲףʱһＤļ֮£еս׾Ȼ˺üΪϧ
ھ޴ս֮У⿴ȥ߻еսһ±ˣ꽫ɫһ±ʮѿˡ
ߣðȻô̽ͷɴ̽11ź15䵽ˡ
꽫һĵ
̽ͷɴ³꽫й²⣬ȴû뵽̽ͷɴ䵽Уͷе
꽫鲻̫ãƷæڣСĵô֪һǿƼˮƽѾһز
ǿ֮УǷּģʹһҲһĿƼ߳Լĸǡ
Щδ߳ĸǵ֮Ϊʮִģ̫ķˣ̫ķˡ
еһЩϲıǷΪζµζڶԴζŴĺô
꽫شⶨȻɣǿƼˮƽһ̶ȣ߳ĸǵȫճǵ̽ͷɴ
֮ϣǿһ˼Ǹǿգ߳ĸǡ
ЩɴȫǷĪɵ۹̽ͷɴ֮ˣǱûпǿյķɴȫɽկķĪɵ۹̽ͷɴ
һţƷһͷάĿ棬κסĿ⣬Ϊ
Īɵ۹ͻĻһЩͬģ٣ƨ棬һͬġ
ⲻʲôؼǣһĻȻһ򡣡
꽫δӡ
ǰһԴǼģԽһ£ڽĹͲϣȻһʵġ
Ʒɵ˫һ꽫ϲ
ãã̫ˣһΣøˣ̽ͷɴȡһ̫ˡ
꽫һЦ־ӣƵѾ֮ˡ
޴սĿ֮У꽫Ұȴһ͵սڼҵĽţپ߻еսףǰɱȥ
˼˦˼߻еս׵Ĳк޾ڻŵİҷɴȥˣ˷һ㡣
㣬ڣ
УЩеս̫ˣУ𵴲
㻻

İҷɴĽڶ༤ǹγɵǹܶپ߻еս̫˺λˣһ𷢲ˡ
֮£ҷɴ֮ϣֲͬһˣֳڿɲ򵥣һں֮ʱγɵ̻һĳ
һִɱһڻеս׵ĴǲС𵴲ǿڣڻǲġ
˼壬𵴲һյǿ֮УһֿĶ֮˻еս֮˱ը֮
ǿҪǿģһڻɽǿպһ֮ʱǰһСһ±ˡ
СȷʵСֻ˵ģǿ洦ɼʯҪ̫ġ
ǿڷ֮ʱһȥȻֱӽǸС䱬ˣ䡱һ£ը˿
СһըһʯǾ޴ʯǿеһЩʯһ㶼С
˵𵴲ڻеսɵ˺󣬳֮£еս׵ı棬Ѻ۵Ļǿڸˡ
ʹ俪һСǿڵನ;УŵĻеսףᱻ俪
ңЩСըʯײ˻еս׵֮ʱҲѲٻеս״򱬡ˡ
ǿȷʵһڿԺһС򣬵ǣķȴҲģһȥһ̽ͷɴһϵġ
ϣһ̽ͷɴֻԴһǿڣڴսĴ֣Ӱʵڲġ
ҷɴһǰ𣬸ڲûеսױ˲٣ͨȣȴȻԡ
һδγ֮ٶ߻еսףڳ嵽˰ҷɴǰ棬ʹֶΣˡ
ٶ߻еսףֳһֲε̬һƵģ׷׶еЯʽսڣԶ׼˵İҷɴһˡ
װڻеսϵЯʽսڣ̫ȴǲģ֮ʱڻ׷ɣޱȡ
һڻ𣬺Ƽһ㣬ǰȥÿһ̽ͷɴǰΧ£˲ٵĻеսףڻ֮͡
Բεķɴ˸ֹܶǣȴȽϴڻеսҪģĿȽԡ
ʮڻ̽ͷɴȥ֮ʱԦɴ˸ܶ㿪һֵڻȴҲһڻ𣬴̽ͷɴ֮ϡ
һڻ𣬴̽ͷɴ֮ϣһ籩˸һ֣ߵֵˣ߱Ųƿˡ
һߵЩڻһ߲̽ͷɴһ֮м߻еսױɵˡ
˴սˣеʮּң߻Ǻõģ̽ͷɴĶܵͬʱ
ʮ߻еսףһڣʹԦ̽ͷɴȫֻܿԱܿһڻ𣬿ɼЩʦȷʵ˵ãǹ
鶼ֵֻܹزɴĽִ֮£Ϊѵģܺ͵ֵ
ݵķɴܵһڻķɴܿڻѾˣеľȻֻ͵һˡ
ڶڻһ˷ɴ֮ϣﵽһ㣬ĳʹ÷ɴһߡһߵġ
սݱԦ̽ͷɴɴսӵ˼£ǿᵽһ̶ȡ
һӵļս֮󣬻ĹɽկɴЩеսףһߡһȫˡ
սĹ֮УɽկɴȻҲܵ˶ڻĴǣӿ֮⣬ԻǱõġ
Щ̽ͷɴܲȻĹɽկĲǣԦɴĽȴ顣
ڷӦ棬ԶԶ˳ˣңʶ֮Ϊſս
ķɴûЩ󲿷ַɴʮ߻еսȫɵ֮󣬷ɴܵ𺦣ɸġ
еķɴһ汻ˣ¶һСƶеķɴȥһǣ¶ĲʣеķɴȻñˡ


467 ʧ
ɴеս׵սһʼ˲ﵽʮּҵĳ̶ȣս׷ɣǹһŵ̻ʢǿ֮С
پ߻еսףɱǰɱǼΪ˵ģİҷɴҲǳصġ
پ߻еսףʴﵽһ֮£⣬Ǹ־ڴ֮£ֵܼȥ
мʦܲѹҪתӣʱӾ޴ս֮Уٴپ߻еսס
תӶصݻеսףӭӲپ߻еս׵ĽӦһڻǼΪĶԴ
Īɵ۹һλ꽫Ѷ֮ˣսļˣЩɱ¾Ѿˡ
꽫еģս֮ʱزӱԲ֣Ի֡
ٱһڻеսףӭͷɱ˵֪꽫ĲѪֻеתͷ³ˡ
սپ߻еսףȫΪ̻ǿ֮бըˣûһ¡
ս˵սһıҼˣһΪһеսףǶ˷Īɵ۹ǰˡ
սһеսףȫˣǣİҷɴȴҲûֵ˺á
̽͵ķɴ棬߿ӿݣֱӱһֱӱñˣ֣һ㡣
ҷɴ֮УԱõһңǻĹɽկɴģڼʻߵʵ⣬Ĵ
һ̽͵ķɴһҴ״˭룬βֱӱˣҺûֱ׹䡣
پ߻еսףŸһȫû󷽵پߵĻеսףһˡ
һӿȵĳͣǰĵɴȥˣǸٶȣǿ쵽˼㣬ͳ̶ȣʮֿ񱩡
ǿ֮УپߵĻеսףγһֳĳˣŰҷɴȥˣİѸޱȡ
ûиôֳôĻеսס
ˣˣĪɵ۹ʵ̫ǿˣеսֶȻôࡣ
پ߻еսףѾʮԶԸˣôɸô찡

һپ߻еս׳İҷɴĽȫɵˣһ־֮⣬ͷ
پ߻еսףԶԸˣپ߻еս׵རˡ
п־֮ʱλʻɴ˲ͬķӦеķɴӭѶˣеҪͷߣеڳ˷̬
ǰһսĸĹķɴ»ãǣȴҲģʣµЩеսսδЩ׽⡣
һָüĲλһַԴԴԴʶ֮зˣ˷Ӷ
֪Īɵľ޴ս֮Ужٻеսףοо޴սҪԸԣɴв⵽ƻҪõһı֤
֮£ֻԸ˵ʵֲһˣǿʶ֮չ֮ʱΧ£ĻеսףͣһƵġ
ʶ֮ȻεģȴһûУһųѹȵΧɱĻеսףһ¶סˣͣࡣ
ǡʱӷɴ֮ϣԳһڿڣһļߣĴˣܵĻеս״ȥˡ
ǰļߣֻһſԴлеսףʱɴļߣȴ鷢ģÿһߣһ߻еսס
һ˲䣬ӷɴڿ֮У߷಻ļߣʮߣһһ˻еսϡ
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һ߿ŷɴͻЩеս״սһ߹۲ܣ鿴ɴͻеս׵
ҷɴһըֻʣҷɴʵһ´Ϊˣ顢ĻеսΧɱǿɫ䡣
һֱսȣʣµļҷɴ¾Σˣ㲻ãĻȫûġ
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֮ģһĿɿڴŵĻϵһĻĻǲŵı顣
ЩеսսǶ֪еս׵ʮһеսһ֣ԶԸһҷɴġ
Ԧһ̽ͷɴǧҵĻеս֮кУһǧȴʤ֮˿ɵ̫ˡ
ǿǿǿǿ̫һֺ֮ڶеս֮бۣ֮еսȫ
һʱ֮䣬ܽǧսȫɵǣһҷɴֳʵеĻеսȫɵֻʱѡ
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ھ޴ս֮УڣվһˣǰһˣǷĪɵ۹꽫һ㣬վ׳ˣ֮һƷˡ
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پ߻еսףһ̧еЯʽڣ׼Ķס飬һеļڣһļߡ
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ֻһʹ֮£·ɣγһȦȦĽâƵģγһֻ֡
ӼƷ֮ϣӳĽâӶ֮ʱγһȦâƵģΧƵС
һȦȦâı֮Χˣһֱֺײ֮ǰһײȥˣ޵֮ƣƥء
飡
˵Σײһ֮ʱһɿ֮˲ˣԶΪģϯ
һײ֮У鵽ǱֳһЩǿ֮꽫ΣĶˣһһ˳֮ʱ·ս֮ϣһӡ
ˣ˵ײһ֮ʱǿıը֮սĿըˣ·ս棬ըһ󶴡
꽫ȻһǼĸ֣ٶϣʮֲģǣȣвġ
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ܣ㣬ܵˡ

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Ǽĸ֮䣬ȷʵҲʵĸ֣֮ǣʵԲôģʹв࣬ҲӦûޣԽһʱ䡣
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ԽһǼĸ֣ѹú޻֮ǿᣬɼһˣԲһǼ֣ġ
ǼǼǼǼϵĸ֣ʵǿνʮԵģǼĸ֣ѹǼĸ֣Ϻ޻֮
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һ㣬ڿеλи߼٣˷ˣҪ㿪꽫һսΪ꽫ᡣ
αӣ缱磬еʮǱǱ鶼ûģ꽫ɱȥˡ
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꽫˫ֳֵնɱ֮ʱϵķâǿޱȵģַâ֮ɽսϷĶһȱڵӡ
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ǿƵĶƼرɫڿ֮ϯһж֮ȫһɨˡ
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Ƶײγ˿͵ķˣײ֮ʱ÷ԣڴ֮Уӵе
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˱֮ʱ֮һһըˣϸСıըˡ
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ǣ꽫ȴһŷˣʯһ㡣


473 ѹ
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ĴûжԶκεӰ죬෴˻ſ磬ŶԷȥˣÿһŲڵ֮ϣҪһӡƵġ
˿֮ʱһ³ˣ֮ϯһ㣬ŶԷкˣֹ
һһײһ𣬾Ȼ˲Ƭ̣ξֹͣʱֹͣһ㡣
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һ㣬ʼһѺۣţһѺˣѺҲԽԽˣӶˡ
Ѻ۱鲼˳֮ͨʱڡ顱һ֮Уһ¶ѶˣһƬѶˡ
꽫еһһ˲õĳʮ⣬Ҫһ飬Ҳ׵ġ
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һ֮£նƬ֮ǰնˣķâ꽫նˡ
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꽫֮ϣֱˣͷ֮ϣһǳǳѪۣһѪʶˡ
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ˣһˣôôܰǲǶ֡
ǿ̫ǿˣǼĸ֣ôôܰ
ˣˣܣܣûطܡ

֮ڣһƬңЩ¼٣һɢˣкȻޱȣͺûж־ˡ
ղţ꽫Ľ֣Ŀ֮췭ظһģ¼٣һս֮УһСġ
սನôˣʵ̫ˣʣµЩսϵľ٣û˷ͼֻڿ־壬߰̾ߣӭĵ
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ǣԸ⳼ң
ǿޱȵƣ鿪ˣ֮
һڷĪɵ۹ս֮У󲿷ˣǱȽϧģҲ׳ƵֻˣŸᶨ
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һڷĪ˻κʱһĪѾžһ¹˵ϣźŵˣˣҽƷɣһսϵҪԱǽԱսϵһҶ֪ĺҺõġ
Ʒһ·Ǵ˵֮⣬һսи߼Ա۾һµɴ˼㣬ֱԼ۾ˡ
һи߼ľ֮УӲɵȻȽ٣ǣչ˵ģǽһġ


474 շ
ֻҪǻȺ壬϶ģʮ֮Уģ߲ġ
統꣬ڶսʱ򣬻ıչԣı˲ٵͺ飬ԭ򣬲Ϊˡ
Īɵ۹Ȼˣ֮еһǣҲˣ٣Ī˳ú͵ʮͬһӡֻ֡ȺһԴûʲôͬġ
Ī˱ˣҪ࣬ȫһСˣԴȵһЩ
ĪˣҲĵģڵ۹ģҲʮģڿеսеͼ٣Դˡ
һˣһʮ֮ģѹȣȷʵʮǿģһʮеͼ٣׷սսģʮֿ־ġ
ˣҪ֪ҵ֮ʱһûзӦʱƷɾȻˣôʮֳԾ
˵ĳԾ˳ԾƷɵжѸ֮⣬ԾƷɵ޳ܣȻһزʵ˳Ծġ
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͹ԱʮƵģΪ飬ںܶʱһ仰ˣҪӡ
ƷΪԱҲˣҲ֪ƷɵĻУһǽһԼд˽ܶʱ򣬶ҪƷһӵġ
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Ʒ˵ݣ鵹ʮָȤģȴܱ˵ʲôʲôĻ˭ʤ߰
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ķĪˣ󲿷ֶǻʦʣµһЩһЩάսͻеս׵άԱһЩҽԱͿѧҵȡ


475 
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ҿţôһԲ̵ӣѵǷɴ𣿡
ģǷɴӦûô󡣡

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һǸӰ֮ʱ˵ķӦΪңеһ׼ǸӰһ춯㽫ֵġ
ǸӰĳȷʵǱȽķʽãûʲô춯˷˲٣ֱء
ʲôˣ𣿡
δǰһֱˣϾûһ⣬˵ö𣿡
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Աδ󺺵ķʣһЦĳ嶯Ϊ˱ֵָķ緶ǿѹˡ
ҲˣǻˣȻöģҽ飬ʲô֣ĸ𣿡
΢Цʵ
̬ʮֺƣǣڱδ󺺿ȴħһ㣬Ȼʲô˵ʲô˵ǻˣôܣԲܡ
δ󺺲ţЩľˣһ۵Сۣһ㶼Ըš
ЦЦ˵ʲôֵģҲǻ˭涨ġ
δһſڽˣ֮󣬲૵ɣǣǴǷɴġ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣ˵Ҳ֪ҹ͹ҵĸ߲ϵӦǵ绰ɡ
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ϵڣⲻܣǵ绰ɲʲô˶õġ
Ҳ룬δһ·ˡ
һóһ˹ȥ˵ȿ˵ɡ
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һֽ֣δһӣֱʲôֶκͨǣ𺳶ˣҲӦˡ
ԷȻԴһô޴Ƿɴô˼飬δ󺺶ˣӦãǲǷͨ˿ġ
ԥһ£δ󺺻ȥ˰ǰһС֮һۣɫ˲ˣȻ𾪡


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ڱδô֮УûмôĹԱô߼ĹԱû뵽ڵ֮ϣȻˡ
Сеݣδ󺺵ɫһ䣬ҵһһ
ٺã϶ذнܣ򳤹ٱ档
δ󺺴
ţãϢ
˵أҿǵ绰˰ɡ
нæԣԣȻԡ
϶أƼǲͣߣԿƼĲս֮С
һ̣Ȼףԭڷ췭ظı仯£Ҫ˶ãƼչһ˵ĵز
л˵˵绰ͤнȺһ˽ȥˣ̸ʲô֪顣
һǵ绰֮»ȥ˷Īɵ۹ľ޴ս֮ϣһͷˮнܣ֪鵽ڸʲô
֪ܲĿģǣнܲ²⣬ΣӦѾȥˣЩѧ»ˡ
޴սͣϿգȻûпߵ˼϶˵ˣõнܵĽ˵֪սԼʲôв
ǣڵϵңɾצӣжȻѣ֪һҾ޴սͣϿΪʲô׷ͨϢ
޴սϿͣôʱ䣬ҸֶΣ϶ͿˣһսԣӦһݡ
ᡢŷɳչ˵УһҾ޴սֱʵıݡ
ֱﵽ˶ʮһҾ޴սֱһˣεһݵĳƺڸڶѧһ߷ԱУһݡ
һ޴ıݣͣϿգѹǲСģ˵ϵĸصоԱǺ󷽵ĹңҲˡ
֪һҾ޴սĴڣ򣬶һ˶ˣͨڲ֪ǣҵϲ㣬ǺȻޱȵġ
ǿ޴һս˵֮ϣڵûйҿԵֵû⡣
һֵǣϵķӿ֪ģ˵΢ֵһģǻĪˡ
ĹҲ֪޴սںηսɱ֮ϣȻޱȵģһֱ֮£ϣÿƼϵһЩϵһЩԶԿһս
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ϵķӿҲȥ̫ңԶˣǻ˵һ˵ϵ飬ڲ֮н֪ܲˣϵڣǸʲôΪӻ̽ͷɴ
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˱ɵ̫ϵԵ̽ͷɴ֮⣬Ļɽկһңԭջһңһ̽ͷɴһ𿪵򸽽
ֻ򸽽ȴû֮ϣΪ˱ܣҷɴ֮ϣһЩʣгԴõģиԴͲϡ
޴ս꽫սĹ֮Уܵһ̶ȵˣ˵ĵط٣ھ޴ս˵ʲôǣܲսʵķӡ
ܴΪصĵطڿңϾ꽫սĵطڿ֮УǾ޴սһõĿңҪ֮򣬶һ֮ġ
õĿңȻҲԿսǣվûô˳ʹҪ޸ս֮
ոƷɺʮи߼٣ƿսսеĿѧҺάԱȻҲ䵽С
ЩѧҺάԱ֮УҲвԸģЩƼԱ֪ʶˣ΢Ŵһ㣬ƷȥȰһ£ȰģԸΪģһ
鿪ΪɵֻпάսУҪһԱ
Щܲô˵ûõģҲеķɽɲǳصģȲӣϳһˣֱɱˣԥ
õǣ˱ϾʹսάԱóһά޷


477 뿪
һûнӴĪɵ۹־޴ս˵˾޴սˣҪ֮޸ȷʵ̫׵ġ
ԼǾԲҲֵģһжսϱеά޹ͿѧңȫķȨһ㡣
Ȼȫ֣ȴҲҪɹȻǺ޽սò޸Ȼġ
Ҫ޸һ˵ľ޴սϵҲ˵ҪĸֲϣѾͷˡ
սԭȷʵ׼һЩʺͲϣҲ֮޲ļƻǣȴʲôеģҪ䡣
νɸΪ֮Ҫ޸սûвϣҲûãǣֻ취Ūˡ
Ψһ뵽İ취ǵˣӦҪĸֲϣǡã黹иҪ䣬ɴһ
֮Բֱӿصǲ뽫ֵ˾֪ɴϵĺˣԻһ֮ȫṩЩˡ
֮ǰͨǵ绰ϵĹĸ߲㣬Ϊ£Ȼ鲻װǡ
飬漰˹ҵ棬ĸ߲϶ǲװǵ鷢ģǣУǿƼǻĹġ
ĹȻõ˷Īɵ۹̽ͷɴǣ޴սϸǿƼȴȻǲ۵ġ
ЩǿƼڻĸ߲ջǲСģʶ齫Ϣȥһʱ䣬Ǳ߱۳˽ͬ
Ϊ˻øǿƼĸ߲ǻȥˣڽеҷɴһ˳˲ʡ
Ȼҷɴ֮⣬Żȥ֮ʱŴƷȥ뷨Ҫ֪ʱ˵ˣ޴ս֮Увٻеս׵ġ
еսҲһǿսսӰ죬Ѿȥˣĸ߲ˣܲġ
ԣһεжһλݵĽԻеս׵ǿƼڶĲϺʣ̣ǱȽ˳ġ
֮󣬻̽͵ķɴڶǿƼĹȥˣͣϵľ޴ս뿪ˡ
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ĳһǿģǸһʮ˲õģ֪ǿеȻˡ
֮˷Īɵ۹ľ޴սǰȥĪɵ۹ﻹ׼Զˡ
γܡԶǼˣҲһǷԸǰΣʶĹ硣
յĽ黹ģ˶ͬǰȥĪɵ۹ֻз⣬ȻӦˡ
һүǣԸ뿪ûһȡ񣬷ΪһŮȻֵ;ϣʮͳԾ
ǣںͻĹ˽֮ŷž޴ս뿪򣬽Զ޾Ρ

;ǳ󺣣˵ʮּѣǣǳ֮Σȫͬˡ
һƬǿ֮УǼһģһľɫһ޼ʵİǳңңԶ֪ͷҲһķ羰
޴ǿգǧƪһɣʱȥʮȥδӾƣ͡
ʱǿеˣһǶýˣͽԺķѾֻж񣬲ſԲᷳĸо
ֳʱУ黹ãһĴڣ˫п
˫Ķ½֮УѾõһЩչɽǣΪɽǵĳʵһ¥
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ɽ֮һӱ࣬չ֮һǳص˼֮ʱʽȷ˳
ɽ䲻ȴҲһ໧˼ңʮ˿ڣ֮һ˼ųҲ˿ˣǼڵġ
˶˿ڣʹ׳Ϊ˳ʵõ˼ģҲõһЩôʵǿ
˵˫½黹һڷܶѾȡ˶⴫ҲԶˡ
ĻֻҪΪ񣬱˷żһɹʵһ츲صı仯
½㣬ȴȶ½ҪһЩ½ʵȽϣǲġ
ʵһߣ鱾ʵһֱȽѸٶȣҪ˶ãһԳΪһֵġ
Լİ취Դʱ䣬Ҳϲķ֣һԽ뵽ռ֮Уܾ޴սǰУһԽռ䡣
ȣ뿪򣬷йģ²ܽ뵽ռ֮Уֵȫˣֻʣľϲ
ʵԶγһǣ֮ԲԸ뿪δûռԭһǿʵĵطû˿
ռĳͷƶȱȽϿɣʵֿ죬Ȼ᲻뿪Ҳ뿪˵˿ֹΪµһԭ
ջֹ˼ɣȻԿ˷һҪ飬ȥ֪ľĺ˲õġ
ԳԽռ֮󣬷󲿷ֿеʱ䣬Ͷ뵽ռ֮Уһ
֪ǣϣߣβԽռ䣬񣬱ҲֻһӲ㡣
˵֮Уܹռ֮еģֻطһڵϣһˡ
ߵΧǺܹģʵ򻹻ԽԽģһ򣬽һϵˡ
ԸǵķΧԽԽˣУݵı仯Ҳʮ֮ˣνǲ˷츲صı仯
ʵõ˲ٵп漰磬Ҳ𽥶֮⣬Ҳʽˣͬʱ漰˿ƻս硣
ĳ֣ǿĳ֣ռ˵һ£ֻҪŬջȻҲġ
һŬԼΪھ޴սҲûֹͣעΪ˷㣬Ҿ޴սΪꡱ
֮ԽꡱսʵսκһֻԲ̣ڹҲеƣΪͼ򵥣ɴꡱսˡ
һֿ쵽˼ٶȣǰжȥˣֻǳĿտǳ֮УŵٶȣǴﵽ˹ǵġ
ԴﵽٵսԲ࣬һﵽٶȣսĿƼѾһĵز


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֮УĪɵ۹ֻһڶ֮УǱȽϲģǣȴԾйٷɴɼһûô򵥡
ȻǾйսκΣսǿٶȷӲֻ˽ӽٶѡ
𿴽ӽٵٶȣһʮֿ٣ʵĹ໹ǲСģԱġ
սĵԴռǰĪɵ۹·ͼǸ룬̫ԶˣĿǰٶȣҲ֪ҪãſԵ
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ʹ޵۹⣬ҲòһƷȷʵ
ƽʱսе飬ȫȨŸƷɣƷҲȷʵòս޲ʮġ
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ڽӽٷ֮ʱԿǿ֮еľɫֹٷУٶȸ죬Χɫʶˡ
ʱתƿռãսΧֵһڵɫƣź˶ȥǿеκξˡ
ƽȵĹٷ֮УɫʹǿյľɫѾúܷˣʱȴֺܷľɫҲˡ
ǣֻܸˡ
ֹٷУһԺڿʼˣ˹֮Ҳַʱ龰ǿзС
ˣǰҪԾˡ
Ʒܹȵӡ
Դһαһ֮ƷɸɵĸˣսиĹʮռһ档
ΪģƷɲſԲٿսʺϵĵص㣬˹ٷеĳսٶƽýпռԾ
Ծֶǿ֮УٵطڣȻԳƲϺܶ࣬Ʒɵ˵Ŀе֪Ծ㣬ȻγɵģҲ˹ġ
ԾֿԽռ涴ȣһǿյȻγɵ󣬺óΪɴпռԾ;
Ƭӵǿգпռ涴Ĵڣʹ꣬ں̵ܶʱڴﵽ
Īɵ۹ڵĵ򣬾̫ϵ֮ڣûϰôţǣ֮Զеġ
ڷĪɵ۹˵УϵʵǿյıԵһδ֮أǰĪ˸֪Ĵڡ
̽11ų⣬̽15ţս˿¶˵ӡ󣬻֮ͣС
꣬ʵһϵľ룬Īɵ۹ҲǽǧͨϵĿռ涴ſʼɳ̽ͷɴ̽
ǧ̽̽11ŷ˵Ĵڣ֪ԭ׹䵽˵֮ϣ˺һϵ顣
ҪȥĪɵ۹·̣϶÷ɵģʹսٶȲԴﵽ٣ǣľҲҪһꡣ
ǿ˵ﵽ˵ļһǲɴﵽʹ飬δزӵ
ֻǣһ·ǾɵϺΪŲģȻͨռ涴ġ
ɴͨռ嶯֮ʱٶȱҪƽһЩ̫죬һеƽ״̬֮£ͨռ涴ûµġ
ͨռ嶯ٶ̫죬ȫΪÿռ涴ȶпܴ
Խռ涴־ɲŹģ۾֮£սʻ˿ռ涴֮Уռһ
ƿռڵߵƵģһ΢Ķоֶǣȴʮ֮͡
һҾ޴սֱﵽ˶ʮһȻˣȻǿգҪСࡣ
ռ涴ȷʵ̫󣬵Ž֮ʱƿͨڶ֮ʱҲ


479 
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ǣȴͬһҾ޴սʮֳȣʹĵ֮£Ȼ̩ɽһ㡣
ڿռ涴зУʱתռ˲ƵĸоԵڲͬ鶼һЩо
ץסһᣬľƳһ㣬ЩƵȥĿռӦȥһЩо
ĸо֮УЩɫĿռͨһϸСĿ־һ㣬ڻɶʮֻԾޱȡ
һϣ˫΢գڱĿӣʵʶӶȥڸЩռ侫ı仯
ָʱ䣬ʮ̣֮˵һ˲ŸոһЩоҪоһʲôʱȴٴһ¡
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ƷɣռԾѾûеԤĵص㡣
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ˣռ䴩ѾˣԤĵص㣬ֻҪȫУʱ䣬ӦÿԵĪɵ۹ˡ
ƷɵĻشһЩġ
һ룬ܹ⣬ռ䴩󣬱ϾϤ򣬻Ϊô̵ʱ䣬ԴôԶľ룬档
ʵ鲻֪ǣռ䴩󣬲ϵķУ൱Ŀռ䣬һͨˣ໥һռ䴩һռ䡣
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Īɵ۹һȴһĶˣ̣һɹĪɵ۹еӰȻġ
ڷĪɵ۹֮УǼֵȻȽ٣ȴϸǼĸ֣
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Īɵ۹һ֮Уһ۷λãҵʵǿޱȣʵڷǱѰ
һ۹յﵽʮһһΪ˵Ҫ֪ǿȻޱߣȻȴԲġ
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ģȻѾתˣǣºεģԶǷĪΪһĸǴڵƣԶıġ
ºȻʮҪǣȴȻֵģһľģֵһ
Īɵ۹ľģһϲǵȻһ㣬ǣһȴΪ˲õġ
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һ򣬱Īɵ۹ĶλһںԵˣһϡ
Īɵ۹һǿһȻչնһЩҲн
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ϲǾ൱ڵ껪Ĺľʲô˶ȥȫûƣ֮£õķ٣֪ġ
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շսезĪˣǣδûĻʹģûаСġ
ƷˣѾױˣԴ̬ȣƸϵƵģȶϵҪʲôʲô
ҲƷʮεӣʵڰģһʲôСԲġ
Ϊ֪Īɵ۹Ƿ֪ԼԣһȥĪɵ۹֮ʱ϶ֱӳ嵽˼ҷܵĵط
ڷĪɵ۹֮УܵģǰϲˣһϣҲôųעأС
ȷҪȥĵط֮սķŰϲȥˣɴٶȣҲǼġ

һſŻߵݲ򣬻߾иĪɽ壬߾иߵԼ͵¶ȣһſ֮ϣû
һſȺ֮г۹һ޼ʶһľɫײһٵĸоһľҪƣеġ
ǧƪһɵǶټģŷɴ꣬һƬϵ֮ʱѾԿˡ
ǿ֮Уǲ಻٣кǵĵطȻһ򣬵ǣĵطһҪһźǡ
޴սһž޴ĺǣһŻԱ߷ɳ۶֮ʱʹս֮У龹Ȼоһȵĸо
ǲĸоȣһָо˵һĲΣ·ϣ˺ǵıԵŸо˺ǵȶȡ
ӺǵԱߣһζ֮ŵľ޴սǰһȥˣƬ֮󣬱㵽˽ǰ
һֱԹٺУһϵĸɴٶȣϵ֮ڣٶѾȽƽˡ


480 
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ŵľ޴սȻʮ˵õģֱﵽ˶ʮһսʮ˲ģǣһ򣬲ȴʵڲСġ
ž޴սһײϣս϶ᵹùģ㲻ãڡ䡱Ȼһ֮£սըġ
ȻٶȽˣûַˣٶȻģһּٶȣһ֮ǰ
˽ǰ֮ʱѾԿˣһ֮ϣ¶⣬һϢˡ
ƾ۾ȥǿģǣȴָоʶ֮Уо⡣
һϵ֮Уɲֻһսģвٷɴ
ķɴһ֮⣬ɴ֮࣬󣬶ңԽһȥɴҲԽġ
üһöɴ˲ˣһ
ǿеľа̾
ϴǵ˰ɡ
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ԣľһ˵ǷĪɵ۹ľģķɴǲٰ
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Щʱһ֮õģôʱ䣬ս֮Уʹռ֮ΣҲоƵģԲܵġ
ظһδЩƣռ֮УȻڲͬתǣһġ
ⲻǾ⣬ʶ⣬֪һս֮УʹսСһдСǣҲñƵġ
ʱ䣬ǲ̵ģռ֮Уʱ䣬ʵõ˳ĳ
һѧʼһˣҲϰ˽𵤾ңмΪľ硣
ʵʱ䣬֮Уȴֹ꣬÷Ϊõ˳ĳΪڽ𵤾ʿ֮УҲһĸ߶ȡ
Է߶Ⱥ͸ȥҪ˶೤ʱ䣬ԪӤģõô˵ˡ
ɲһǼһһķʽֳ൱ĸһٶ֮죬֪ġ
ӵһ֮Ѿ취Ūˣǣ˫֮Уһռ֮תһ磬ʵࡣ
ʱȥ֮˫Ķ½һʵõ˲ٵѾִһ֮ˣΪ˿
ϵƷĻǿ൱ھƷسƷ˿֮Ʒˡ
ƷѾ˲ˣһϵʵ⣬൱ԪӤʵ˵õġ
ǣķȻѾһ֮ˣȴƷ飬һġ
һŶƷףѾƷƷݳҲֻһ֮ңˣֻҪٽһһ֮أԳΪһݳ
Ʒݳ򣬶ӦɵԪ񾳣ΪԪ񣬵˴˵Ⱦ磬ʿѾԱΪ½ˡ
ʱܽʿ½һֻʵΪ磬ǱԪˡ
ʿΪԪ֮ʵ֮ǿǾ춯أڷǿޱȵģ֮Ϊ½ɡ
˫½ķһʿ൱ڷʦĴڣʵѾ˰񾳽硣
񾳽֮ϣ֮ˣľ磬ӵ򣬲չͽʵǿ
ʵҲԼȡֻ֮ǣ֮Ӧãʵڲǿȴû
ǣıţʲôʱɵһֻ飬ȡ񣬱ľˡ
½ȷʵӽһˣǣȻֻһ֮ȴǲСġ
˾޴ʵ࣬԰֮Ҫս飬ǲܵģȻһֱı£ȴ׳֡
ʵ൱Ԫ񾳵ģʵ൱ɡ
ԪȻ½֮ƣǣȴˣɶƲϵģڵ֮ϣ֮
Ԫ񾳺͵ɾ֮󣬲ɣˣɼԪɾĲ֮ģ֮ͬǣ飬ҲʵڲСм仹һ󾳽ء


481 
ʱ䣬ǿ֮е˵һֿͷζǣ˵ȴζʵ
ʱ䣬ʵõһȫĴ󱬷ʵÿһ˳ĳ
ٵ֮£ʵѾﵽǼֻǸոսǼǣսԲ
еǿս˵ǲģʹռеߣҲһ
ʵٶȣѾˣ˵弶ûģ˶ﲻġ
˵֮ǰĪɵ۹ʱ黹ĵģܵһһ֮жԿĲС
ȴֵʹĪɵ۹ĸ߲㣬֪˷һУԼ֣Ҳġ
ǰİϲʻȥٶȲ첻ȴʤȶԱߣеķɴһɶ˳˹ȥеķɴӭͷ
ǿеľɫþˣȻ٣һЩѾᷳˣǧƪһɵľɫ˲һ
ӽ˰ϲǣɫȴǲͬˣǿ֮УȻһƬտʮֿ㣬ޱȵӡ
ǣȴҲвͬľɫ
Խǿ˰ϲǣɴԽˣ䲻ڴﵽĳ̶ȣǣȴҲһǵصļơ
һֻֻССķɴһڱصģ߱۰ϲǶȥŰϲǷȥʮ֮ࡣ
ŵľ޴սֱȻﵽ˶ʮ൱һСˣһҾ޴ޱȵսǣڶɴ֮Уȴġ
붫֪֮㣬ǿգ֪ɴ֮Сڶɴĺ֮Уſ֪Լŵսεġ
˰ϲ֮󣬾޴ɴǼģ˵ֱﵽ˶ʮһսʹֱһٹķɴҲǺٵġ
ֱﵽ˶ʮսһķɴ֮У̫ڣһеȵλá
һƬɴ֮Σǵصķɴǰ鵹һԸõ治ַ羰ޱȡ
ž޴սҪϲ֮ʱվ˿ҵĻ֮ǰķ羰ʮֲ
𽥽ӽ˰ϲ֮ʱŵٶȣƷɵĿ֮£һ½ˣøˡ
һ򣬷ɴٶȱһģһƲסɴײ˰ϲ֮ϣʧԵġ
һҷɴ߾޴սĳͷʮ־˵ģһײˣƿޱȡ
Ϊɴսƻʵ̫ǿˣԣ˰ϲ֮ʱսٶȣҪ
սǵ˰ϲǵзɴٶȶҪ򣬾
˵᲻ᷢʲô⣬ȫٶȳȥϲǵͳߣҲưոݵģһгͷ
սһ棬ı棬һξĵط޽һ޴ƽ̨ƽ̨֮Уֳһġ
ƽ̨ʮ֮Уͣͷʵͣɴƽ̨ǿеͷ
ǿͷǰһҷɴһƽ̨ͣȥ˴ɢĲϢֳһǣÿһҷɴԤͣͣȥ
˾ϲʮֽĵطܵһѶϢƷɲҵæˣǰĻϣâһ֮£һ˵ͷ
˵һֻ֣¶˰ͷ鵱ˣǷĪˣ͵ķĪɳࡣ
Ī˲ߣӳϣȻмƣǣԴȴ࣬Եʮۡ
ԾԴ˺ܶ࣬һ֮˵ע⣬ע⣬ɴ55򿿽
ǿͷϣԱķɴһͣͣΪſԾȻġ
ǣ˵֮£55ͣȥ55һ棬׼´ˡ
ӷɴǰ棬΢һ㣬棬ƷɵȷĪɵķ
˷ɴһ֮ͨϣһʮִ֮ͨͨУòִɵģԵʮֹ⻬Ƶġ
һ֮ͨУźִһͨһָ߿Ƽĸоһ;δĿƼѾԽˡ
֮ͨУߵģֻҪվ棬ѾӰãԶǰƶԭ澹һĴ
·Ȼǵݵãǰƶǣһ̤棬ȴһݵĸо
βǰƶȥԼ·һͨܿ͵βǰһբŶסڡ
طǹؿˣƷܹԣ֮ʱüͷ΢΢һ֮£ֻһû̫ĺĸо
˽ǰ֮ʱĴʽĵݣһͣһ뻮һģվբ֮ǰ
ʣ֮ϲʲôҪ𣿡
բŵĺ棬һŮĪ΢Цʵ
֪Ӧеĳ֮ˮǣϲǵķûʲô
õģ͸ʱԵݿ֪ҪĪɻҡ
ŮĪڵʵ
￴ƺϸӣʵֻӰˣǽĪļ飬ԭ˹ȴԶûзĪļϸ
ڷĪϣͨطʱò֤ʵݵ֤ݣǾԲģϲȴͬˡ
ڰϲһûעؾЧ棬Աļ飬϶ôϸ񣬷򣬻˹
ԣϲǣҪṩʵԵ֤˵ʲôԣղ˵֮ˮǣԷŪʱԵݿʾ֮ˮǣ˵ˮǵû˹ܡ
ҪʱݿģȻˣǷĪˣԼݿģȴʡһ
߱ȷĪ˸ô࣬ЩͬŮԱһԿһˡ
ôɣ֮ԻһբţҲɵģʵǰǸ֮ͨУһЩŲϵͳ
Ǹ֮ͨУװŲϵͳ֮Уǿ֮УĪɵ۹Եõģͨƻʮ˵ϣһ֣֪ͨŮԱ
ЩͨǷĪɵ۹ͨģһ֣϶£ȥֱ¡
ǿеЩͨȴһˣеĶԷĪɵ۹һЩвȻᱻ£еȻбͨɱˣǣԷĪɵ۹üֵҲ˵ġ
һʵǱȽϿģҲȽϿɣشͨٻᱻ
һЩС͵С£ɱ˸ˣʸ񣬶Ǵӵģǿ֮УûԼ㼣Ȼעˣͨһ֮ͨʱû⡣
ǴƷɵĿУ֪Ϣڽ䱸ͬʱ΢ƷһЩ٣ʱᱳѡ


482 վ̨
ˣ𾴵Ŀˣʱݿϣڰϲ;졣
ݿݸ飬ŮԱͬʱբţ΢Ц
ݿһСĿƬֻдһֻСȴʮ־£Ź⣬һҲ֪ʲôƳɵġ
лл
΢΢բ֮ڣ˵
ãӦġ
ŮԱ΢Ц޿ޣʮȴһְҵԵ
ˣһҷɴǷĪɵ۹չս
ŮԱһᡣ
Īɵ۹ΪһһƼʮ˵ãڷɴսоϣȷʵΪʡ
Īɵ۹ķɴΪ˸ͺţսҲˣ̽ͷɴһָߵ̽ɴչսǸ߶˵ս
Ʒ֪չսǷĪɵ۹ĸ߶սȴǶսĪɵ۹ţƵսֱԴﵽٹľްԡ
ľްԣϣ϶ҪչŵսǿһЩϵĲ࣬Ҳ޿ɿԽģĲ֮࣬ϵġ
һŮԱᵽ⣬˫ۣ΢ɲ΢΢һˣע⿴
ңʹע⿴ˣûһܺõҲһԷֵġ
沿ı仯С쳣ȴһɣԼǲǱ¶ˡ
ڵ飬Ĵ˷Īɵ۹ĻôҪΪĪɵ۹ͨˣһսѲˡ
ڵѾڻۼˣҪ֤ڴ䵽һ̣ԼԱ֤õ״̬ǿ֣籩꣬ԿȻ
һ˲䣬黹Ժ뵽ˣ˭ϢȥģĪɵ۹ģǲƷɣ߻ˡ
е˼͸׼ֻһ˲ˣϢʱȴûκ쳣ֵЦɣҶɴǸط˵ˣķɴ˷Īɵ۹һЩƼұΪǼһԼģڿпܡ
ǺǣȷʵпܣҿĹΣȴ˵ˡ
ŮԱ΢Ц
ҲЦŵ٩Щҵ̫ںֻҪû̫©õļҲںò˵ۻǲġ
ֺŮԱ̸֮һ䣬һƬƲʵ뿪ˣƨ¶ûз
ս֮󣬲ûȫ̳ҪĪɵ۹һģһĹȥ϶ᱻעģʱ鷳
ԣڹ֮ǰѾ˽սαһ£ԭεĻϣһЩı䡣
ı֮սԭѾ˺ܴĸĹˣǺϤĪɵ۹չսˣ֪սзĪɵ۹չսӰӡ
ãֻñˣΪսǳϮĪɵ۹չսΣڴսڲ򲻻֪
ŮԱһͨ٩̸֮ӵˣֻҪ˽뵽ս֮Уû֪һҷɴı壬ʵǷĪɵ۹չս
һˣǰȥˣһţƷɣһӡ
ǰһ֪ʲôƳɵʮֹ⻬ͨڵ˾ͷ鲻һתһƷɣһϼһ˿Ц
ŮԱᵽɴʱȷʵɹƷɣƷûеģ߲ʲôȴ֪ġ
ʱûг£ȴĳ׷ˣƷɣķģڶԷ壬Լ꽫֮ʱԷһЩ顣
ڣûг£Ǽ¾Ϊ֪˭֪պ᲻ᱬ
дһݵģҲֻǵĶѣȴıֳʵڷĪɵ۹ȷʵûʲôµġ
ͨԿǰĹ㳡֮ϣͣˣڹ㳡ǰһλã·λһ
һƬǹĳλһҷɴƹһ㣬һˣɴ
ַɴ͹ͬǣһĹδؿˣǣЩɴ֮ϣȴˡ
Ϊһžڰϲǵˣʵ̫ˣ֮ͨ󣬴ʱһƬ㳡֮ϣۼ˵ġ
ЩڷɴͷͰϲǵķɴ̫࣬ÿһζ˵ģһ˵ء
ȻЩСɴأһȽɵƾԼԼԷɣ߿ƾеսףǰϲǣȻҲԵġ


483 Ⱥ
ǰһž޴ɢɫо⣬һƢ⾳
ǰİϲǣǿͷľ룬̫ңԶСŷɴֻòһСʱʱ䣬ƶ̾Ķȥ
ôԶľ룬İϲǣѾԿһЩˣ¥úĵòۡ
񣬸ǲˣӥ񣬻Ҫ˳ɰǧԿ
ֻԶԶعѾԿϲϵ̻ȷʵܶطԭʼɭֵĵò
ϲϣɵĵطԭʼɭֵòĳɵĵطռˣʣµɵطǰϲסĵط
ΪĪɵ۹ľģϲǵҵƼķչ֪ģǣ˼ҲûΪҵķʢƼǿʢ㽫ŪһƬ
ȴͬˣƼķչŽһٶ꣬ھúͿƼչͬʱõõܵȾгݡ
Уⷽ棬ֵģǻĪΪ˾÷չŪһ㣬²ۡ
ϲǾһԿŵҵȴҲиָĿǣǿͷûֱӽ֮ϣھԶǿС
ʵھһԶǿ֮нǿͷϽ죬ѶȺͻѵʷѣҪ󡢸ġ
ǵϵһЩңѡʱ򣬶ѡֱıϽн磬Բ뵽ᵽһĵط
ò˵һĿΪɳչսأеĺҪõʱȴںˡ
ϲǿԱһ̬ⷽѡҪá
һһףǿͷǿ֮УȷʵϲǲӰ죬ȾҲϲǲصĸ
ǣȴҲˣǿͷϱȻˣԵһʱ뵽ϲ֮ϣҪȴ
ͨľ޴ƽ̨֮ϣѾѻˣ飬һɨȥǸʽࡣ
ǿ֮УϾĪɵ۹нģһҲ࣬ǣͬ࣬໹ǲͬġ
һͳƣΪǿ֮УռΪҪͳελԣ壬ֻҪ˵ģƺԼΪࡣ
ʹһЩıȽǧٹֻ֣ҪһƣȻΪ࣬ĳȫͬˣű֮С
˺ͷĪˣ໹ǱȽͬģһߵ⣬Ī˱Ƚϰ֮⣬ǷĪ˵ԴԵеĶࡣ
Ī˺͵ˣһӡһͷֻ֡ȡֻ۾һֻ͡ȵȡ
ԣ˺ͷĪˣǱȽͳ࣬վһ㳡ϵģǱȽͳ࣬ȴҲһЩι״ࡣ
һ࣬þе֣һ˫ƣȻѼӵĽƣֳһɽΣΪһεЬӣԣ鲻֪ǲҲѼӵĽһġ
ԴҲص㣬ԵЩ⣬Ҳˣֱּģ˿еѼӡ
зĪֳñȽϰС࣬ȻҲбȽϾ˵ģڹ㳡ϣߵģߵĿ׵ӣΪˡ
֮ߣȫԳƵϾˣõǣûгͷˣ黹δؽܵˡ
֪ǿ֮Уڶ࣬ǣ֮ʱ黹ССĳԾһ£ۿ֮ʱЩĿϾ֮С
ˣҲһĿһι״ɨʮ档
ȻͷȻϡ棬һ˫۾ƿƵģȴ¶ӵɫ
ƷɵȷĪˣֵʮֵģЩι״ˣѾˡ
һˣͷ˹㳡еһȺҲûһע⡣
ϲһҵˣ֪ж٣͵ţɵˣǳ֮ࡣ
Щţһ㶼һжģǰϲǣʮˣʵڳһˣҲӶ࣬ŵĿԴﵽǧ֮ġ
ŵ⼸ʮˣ䲻٣ʵۣһɫķĪˣͬܳ
Ӧ˵ȫԼУйվ̨ϲǵһξ룬һƾԼС
ǣƷȴ־޴Ļеսףֲ̫ô˼Щƾеս׷еģǺСĻеսס
һĻеսףﵽɵ֮ߵģȻҲһ־ĻеսףֻһɸߣԱѹȵһ֮ڡ
еսԽСս϶ܵһ̶ȵѹȵģֺܶĻеսףԾͨվ̨㳡Ļеսףܳһɡ
һµĻеսףԲԷĪɵ۹ĿƼԣվ̨֮ϣĿɷУǰϲǵˣϾࡣ
ȻƷǲƾԼȥֲԸǣֻдӹɴվ̨ǰϲˡ
ϲ׼Ĺɴ࣬һۿȥһһķɴˣ֮࣬Գһǧֻ
һȥ㳬һǧֻɴôɴʵȻģǣվ̨㳡֮ϣͣ˸ࡣ
㳡ϵʮ֮࣬Ӻ󷽵һ֮ͨУ߳˸࣬һһ಻·һˮ򴨹һ㣬˹㳡֮С
ʵͨվ̨ϵĹɴÿһ뿪ˣԲ٣ǧǵģǣ󷽵֮ͨйˣȴˡ
һ룬һ뿪㳡еˣ㱣һԺ㶨ȥȥһ㲻٣һ˼
ԴԴϹΪ֮ˣԼŶڱȽϿλãҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬲ſ뿪
ţȴԼһ˿ϴĻᣬΪһʵǿĸ֣ȻǲȱģȫǸȥȴ
ǧҷɴһжվ̨֮䣬ÿһɴȺڹ㳡ϵˣȿֺȥ
Ȼﻹģ󵽵ԭ򣬴Ҳ˶ӣǣҲвӵ
˵һΣȥŶӵû˲ӣ仰ȻһԣȴҲһ̶ϷӳһЩ
Īɵ۹ΣҲ˵һ㳡ϣʵڿǵʣΪ֮ǿյġ
ӵȻУǣǱȽٵģģҲֻѣ̫š
㳡֮ϣάֳˣǷĪɵ۹ĹԱͷʵе㰫ˣѸ
һŶӣһ߹ۿ㳡ϵ̬оһСһһжܲѰԹۿܶ಻һĶ
һӶһӣǰûжˣãһҷɴ˹۾һ
ȻȺ򲻻нǣǣܹһ㣬ǲģ˭ҲɵվŲǡ


484 ͻ
ڹ㳡ľͷվ̨֮ϣֶһ䣬ͣһҷɴÿһվ̨ĺ󷽣ųһţʱȺϳ
Ⱥ֮ȺһŶУɴˣһҿʮ־޴ķɴǰ
һҷɴʵֻһСͷɴѣǣǰͣվ̨֮ʱÿȻȻˡ
ɴĲŴ򿪣ǰ˿ʼϴˣһӿ룬ȼʮˣҲ˳Ľȥˡ
ɴ֮Уǽ̻Ի͵ģ˭ûɴ־棬Ѿˣԣٲʲôˡ
վģҲһˣٵӣһٶˣ˵ӣǣʱλȴѾˡ
ɴȻСȴҲʮִλվ޵ģȽˣһ㶼Ծߣλ¡
һＸʮˣģԣ˱ȽϿλãǰвһٸλӡ
ʮλãһٵλ˵ѾˣʹһˣҲȫˣǣڽһ˵ȴȫ
һ˳һʮˣʹʣµλȫռˣʣʮ£ֹɴֲĵĹ͵һԼ棬ûλˣһվŵġ
һһɵˣʵҲûʲôһˣȫԵһˣһ˵ȣһȣûġ
ЩѾǰ棬ʹһߣҲʲôӦԵķʽʵ̫ˡ
ǣһ˵ķӦѡȴʮЩһΪԼܺ۸ɡ
һɴ֮Уλ֮һͷһ˸ǸһֱָռݵʮλãǿӲ˵λøǡ
һˣͨҲûʲôֻͬ߸һЩʹˣﵽϣ΢һЩģﵽңСˡ
׵Сˣľѹģڵ˵ߣȷʵһЩѹڷĪ˵ߵѹ
һСͷǸһñȽϸߣʮ׳ʵǴһֵ׳ʵȷʵ˲ˡ
Сָ顢ԼµһڷĪˣóΪʱˣʵû뵽ȻôԵļһ
ǺܸߣҲ֤ˣЩһﲻǷĪɵ۹ˣûʲôϵ˼ҵĵ̣ôţ治֪ô˵ˣĺе֪η
Сӵһ¾ˣһ£Ҳû뵽һʱ䣬Ŀ⿴飬ȴĴķĪˣȻһʱҲ뷨׷׿顣
˵Ŀ⣬һ飬ȴľȴҲͷ֮£¶˳
㣬㣬㣬˵أҪװɵûӵĻȫȥЩλҪˡ
һʱ㶣ȻСӵ棬ָ飬ֺ˵
û뵽ʱ򣬻ŵˣǣȴҲµˣһ֮󣬱վ
һվ֮һüĵҪ
Сӱһţ˵ǵȻˣ㣬ǶҪ
˳ǣǲء
ȻһĪɵ۹ֳĶǣ˶ǵǰˣҲ
һָһˣС˵ҵĻ˰ɣЩǿߣǸ֣ҲõĻǴ㡣
Ŷǵǿһԡ
鲻мĵ
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ûӦ飬ǣСп鲻ȴƸĴһ㣬ʹ˫
ϣϰ
壬尡ɵ
ϣһϣǣ
Сӻţ

С˵ĻͨĻЩС˿еĻȴ൱ںѶķˣһ󡰹֮£
˵Ͳò˵һ£Ϊǿ֮Уʵ̫ˣÿһĻﶼǲͬģӷ⣬˵ûһͬġ
֮£ǿ֮УҪѧͨͨǴƷѧġ
Һʵǳ˵ãʶ֮ǿԵ˽һɨһ飬Լĵز򣬶һѧӢﶼΪ˵Ҫѧͨ֪жء


485 ȭͷ
ڷĪɵ۹ĵ̣ϲϣҪ͵һЩȴ֪СʲôΪϡһηɴ⣬Ȼš
ȷʵҪ͵һЩһĪɵ۹ֵ½֪˹עǣҪ͵һЩȴδζҪ۸
Сӵ֮£Էһˣǲһгֿȭģеֵģı
Сͷɴ֮еĿռ䣬ΪСģΪʶȵĿΪ˸ͬˣʹ˲ٵλǣռȴǲСġ
ռ㣬ʹһٸС˵θߴʮ˵õӣһƬռ֮Уȴһ㶼Եӵ
Ϊռ㹻㣬һ˳֮ʱȴʲôȫʩչÿһȻһ㲻ӵ
һСһӵһģȻһη齻浽һģֻˡ
Сڷ֮󣬵㵽Ⱥ棬ҪսĻңԼ˺Сȴûзһ㿴Ļᡣ
СעҪʱ黹ŵƨҪȥľȴע˲ʵ֡
ǿ֮Уڶ࣬ǣСӵЩ£Բָ֣Ҳ֮Զ
ȭ
һ֮£ȭˡ
С˳嵽ǰ֮ʱﻹȭͷ֮ϣâˣҫ
һֻȭͷǰˣƿ籩һ㣬Ϊٶ̫죬Ȼ˲γڶӰ
һӰżС˺ȥɵ˫ƣȻҪγɾӣɼˡ
籩һǰȥˣ˽Ӳӵľ޴ȭͷһ֮г֣ǰˡ
ǼˣСӵĶ֮Уʵ㲻ǿǣȴԲģһ֡
ڶֵУǹꪸ߸߾£ƶʲôޣҪء
о˶Էʽ֮еɱ⣬Ŀ΢΢һ䣬ȭͷ׹ʣǰˡ
һǿᣬһȭ˼С˵ǰȻеıҲˣȭͷײһ֮˲ˡ
顭
һ֮У˵Σʱж죬ȥʱ򣬾Ȼһ죬·ǳ۹ʣԡ
еıȭ֮£׷׷ɶȥˣֱȭͷĻˣ˺󷽡
·ڵһ㣬С˵һңʵ̫ǿˣ󷽵һЩСûзӦֱǰײСˣϡ
˵Σƹغ«һ㣬ڵϷֹˣҲӰ˺ĶΣʮֻˡ
ʱץסᣬǰһһ̤֮ʱǡôҪĽڵϣһڹغ«ļ϶֮ߡ
ǰһЩû뵽ģǰ壬ֱЩغ«סˣûаѾǲˣȴҲЩβȡ
ʱһ˵ǡôģһ̤ǡÿ˶Է˲õһڵϡ
ҵɡ
һЦĻ˵ʹȭǿޱȵȭ˳ȥԿ죬õǰʮСˣӦʱ䶼ûУһ𱻻ˡ
ǰŵһһɲĳź󷽳Сײȥǣֶ˲ٹغ«
ʵԸЩʵǼļһֱֵ˵Ҫôס
ǣȴûʩչǿʵ˼ֻһȭһģһĶ˴ˡ
СһˣƲ٣Ϊ˲õģ˼һɲǣֵ£ȴܵҡ
һֺɨ̬һСˣȫ˳ȥЩһûһһ֮С
үүǸһ˿Դôࡣ
ڷɴ棬λãһǱŮǰսһ˫ƯĴ۾֮У𺳡
ŮԱߣһߣҲ̫󣬿ʮӣ֮ʱ۾Ĺۿɫ֮УһЩ⡣
ŮĻȻĵȻˣλɲ򵥣һΪ˼ĸ֣ȴֻˢӣǶ֡
Ŷԭ˼ĸֲ֣ô֪һĸ֣ĸ֣ӦҪӰɡ
Ů˵
˵Ȼ˼ĸ֣ɶ򵥣ʹǼĸ֣ҲɳΪһһĴڣûб־ˣȻѾ¶ˣ۹϶Ҫӵġ
Ҫ֪ڷĪɵ۹Ǽĸֻ˶ѣǼĸˣҲֻʮˣһ˵ӡ
Ϊһ۷壬Īɵ۹ӵһ˿֮࣬ȫгһǧڵ˿ڣֲô֪࣬˵ȸֵϡ١
ʮǼ֣˳ģÿˣʵڲ࣬ңеĸֻһЩеһЩ
Īɵ۹ķĪΪĪɵ۹ĺ;ģǵ۹ȻʮҪģһϣ϶и
Īɵ۹Ǽ֣˵һ˳ڷĪ⣬ʮǼ֣ǿĿƼʵ˲õġ
ش˷Ī򣬷ɢĸ֣һЩڰϲϵǼ֣ܹ֮߰࣬Ѿǲˡ
ΪϲǷĪɵ۹ľģһϵ˼࣬ܶʱ򣬻ĸǰû㹻򣬺׳ӡ
פڰϲϵĸ֣֮߰࣬۷ʱ򣬿Դﵽʮ᲻ʱǼĸѲӡ
߰Ǽ֣ȷʵˣǣһ޴˵Ե̫ˡ
߰Ǽ֣鲼һ޴֮ϣΧܹһƬطſһǼĸ֣֪һƿȣʵڲߵġ
ÿһλǼϵĸֽϲǣһŲʱըһǳһʲôȻ²õġ
ԣֻҪǼϵĸֻ֣Ҫ˰ϲǣ¶ˣȻܵĪɵ۹һע̫ţǣһЩٲ˵ġ
Ϊ֪һ㣬ԣ͵һ㣬û뵽ȫСӸˣеƣ֪ġ
ȻҪˣᱻĪɵ۹ϣǣ黹ҪڲԼʵҪֵôۡ
Ϊ뷨͹˼ɣûʹ̫ǿֻһжԵУֳһȡɵʵСӵһ¸ɵˡ
·ܲһһСˣȫˣǸǱСӲţΪôܡ
⣬ôܡ
СӲԼ۾
һ߾ʬ壬ԣһصСˣǰȥŲ죬ȴһ˵ľ޴ѹϢˣСѹȶȥɫ˲ˡ


486 
ⲻܡ
ôôⲻܵġ
ٹҾͲˡ
СӾˣŵҪɫĺ
СӵĿźɫ󣬲ŵ飬ȻƵģͥŲһ㣬Сӡ
Ҫ˺ӡ
ҹ
ȥɣ
ò˵Щ˶СӻǱȽĵģʰǸӣȻҪԸ顣
һɫ׶񣬺Ҫгɰ˿Ƶģȴ⵽һδ
ȥɡ
һͺ֮£һһץȥƺƾĳ֮ǼˣһץУȥˡ
ֻһץһصһλСˣһץС
ǰһ˦С˵Σ׹ǣ·׹ȥˡ
ɴͣվ̨֮ϣûգ棬ȴҲɵĸ߶ȣͨ˱ȥԻˤ
˵ʵȻǣôߵĵطȥˣȴʲôˡ
˼ҵļһ֮ΣǰһˣСӵǰһץȥ
㣬ʲô
СӽеңҪȦȦһ
֪ʲôôˣһк³ġ
ŲСӵľвһ֮£Сӱ㻮һߣ·׹ȥˡ
Сӵߣﵽϣ߶ȿɲģټıȽ֣ɲģﵽһ˵ĵزİٽӡ
صһУȴӣл裬һһַ·һëһס
СӵĲҽУһӣСӵΣһߣ·׹ˡ
ǡߡӡ
Сӵ׹ȥ֮ʱֻһ֮Ĵ·ˣţ㲻Ӱ
һ仰ڶУȴû̫⣬޷ǺԼĿɽˡҰա֮
ƴƴүүΪǲܵģͬҲ⣬ҺӲ£ܣΪĻҲ⣬ǸҲѵһ¡
СӵһУǲССͷɴеĲˣ˶Уɴ濿λߺŮһڶеġ
үүߡʲôˣ
Ůɫʮ֣ʵ
ò˵Ůĸоʮ˼ģһߡ֣ò򵥡
ߡɲһأǸ鷳ˡ
ߵ˵
ŮԣзĹâʵүүǲǸߡʵǿλ廹Ҫǿ
ߵͷߡʵǿһǼĸ֣ǳǼĸ֣еĸ֡
⣬ߡʵˣؼʮַ޼ɵΪ˴֮£˲ˣߡһ鷳
⣬ôǺãүүȥһλòã
СŮĵ˵
ҡͷãߡȻǣλҲ򵥣ʵ֪жǿأûô׶Ըġ
ʵȷʵǿǸߡôӣҪǲô죬λ͵ϮҪԿˡ
СŮĵĵ
һ룬ǿͷ˵Ҳãʵһ£ڡ
ȴ˵齫СȥЩ£ʮģ׷״ӷɴ·ˡ
ӲųȥһȲһ㣬·ˣ½һֻúķһһ
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Сһﵷҵ˸ȥ֮󣬺澹Ȼûˣǣɴôˣһ·£һСʱķУ˰ϲ֮ϡ
ڷɴͣ˰ϲǵվ̨֮ʱ龹һָо÷ɴͣǿվ̨֮Уͬ
һ΢ŵײ֮Уɴ˰ҷ׷´ˣһȻ
ϴʱһһ´֮ʱȻģΪףţһڷĪ˽棬ҵӡ
վ̨һߣûʲôֻͬһоǾ˶࣬˵ӿȣȷʵ١
һʮˣ٣ھ޴֮УҲֻ沨ķˣһƶ


487 
վ̨֮ϣʵ̫ˣӿһ㣬ȥԣߣǼ
ʮĪˣһǰȥӿӵǵжѡ
񹦣Ȼ׼ӵȴЩĪˣʹе׸ɡ
û뵽ǣ˷Īɵ۹ľ˷İϲǣȻڻĲŻļ˷⻳
Һһ·̫ǰǳˣ֮⣬һͨ˴Ĺ·ɢ
·ıԵ鳤³һ÷˲٣ʱȴ˳
ܹâתһ㣬һߺһСŮߣһζһۡ
Ʒĺ棬һ̧ͷȴߣһߺһСŮ֪ô¡
һֱҲһգ۵ʱ䣬ǰȴˣƷβȣβ⡣
⻹𺳵ģƷҪһ۾жԼǲ۾˵ʱǰٴβ˱仯ߺǸСŮȻʧˡ
þãǼٵģĸ֡
е𾪣ƷһҪĸо
ƷߺŮ֮ŷֵģȴҪǿ̫࣬ڶ˵γ֮ʱѾˡ
ߺСŮٶȺܿ죬ǣûûзĲ֣ǲܽӽ顣
ʵû˵г֮ʱѾˣ˸٣һߺһŮ
ȻҪҲͷǹҪһ£һһ٣Ҫʲô
ߺŮһۣͬʱĶһ仰˵ġ
СġߡһλСǼ֣ǿޱȡ
һ仰֮Ůһȥˡ
һ֡
ߺŮԶȥıӰ˫΢΢һУһжϡ
ܹһһٶȵˣ϶Ǹֻ֣ǣ鲻֪ǣһλ֣ΪιԼ˵һ仰
ߡ֣ǽŵһ˵ģ֪Ǹʲôգǿ֮Уӵʲôʵλ
ǣߵһ仰ϿԲ²óߡڸ򣬻ǱȽġ
Īɵ۹ֻǼĸ֣һĶڣڷĪɵ۹ڸǼĸֶΪ˲ǶĴڡ
ߡȻһǼĸ֣Ȼ˲õģǣߵĿпߡ֮˼ɵ²ֻʵСغͻƢ
Сӵв鱾ûģߵһ֮󣬺治̫ˡ
һԶȥıӰһۣʮɻ󣬲֪ԼǸʲô˼Լ⣬ʲôĿġ
ϴһְʵ˰ɡ
ɫЩأ鴫
˵˵ʵǵʵͣʱжϣҪ֮󣬲ȷ˵ǵʵˮƽȷʵͬһˮƽ
ǰĪɵ۹򵥰Ȼĸ֡
̾
ҡͷδأΪ˲ǷĪɵ۹ˡ
ҲԣǸ˼ҵ߲һ࣬Ҳȫ϶ɡ
ĵ
Īɵ۹߱Ƚϰһֻһ£ǣ˭Ҳûй涨Ī˾ͲһȽϸߵġ
ڻģһֻһ߻һװ˵ȺеʱҲ׶ĸ߸ӣԣһнпܡ
˼֪Ҫ˵ʵϸ۲ĻԷ֣ߺСĳ࣬Ī˵Ĳʵеˣǵ˺񣬼һģһ
һ˵һ£Ųȷ˵ǵģһûп̫ǲȫȷ
ȥ磬ٶʵ̫ˣʹԷĿһ˲䣬Ҳûп̫
ˣ˭ֻҪǶĻ⣬ˡ
˵
ҲǣȻգǣӦöǻġ
ͬ
޵֮£ȷʵˣǣ˱㽫·£Ʒһڣ·
ʣλϰ壬Ҫ𣿡
һĸʵ
ڷĪɵ۹İϲϣҲеĸڵģֻ˼ҿĲǼƳ̳Ǵг
ǰһ·һ·ҲͨĹ·һĵ·ܵģȻǴг
гʵһֶôļԻļһ㣬ֻǣ̫죬ɱ־Ӹ߲£ʹòͶʹá
Īɵ۹ȴһˣһһĵ۹ѧȷʵﵽ˼㣬ʮ˵õģսͷɴޱˣ˵ˡ
Īɵ۹ĴͳޱˣͶʹãɱҲߣſռ
ִгļ⽨Ĺ·ߣڰϲǵκεطߣ൱ڵϵһ㡣
ԽһĽͣÿһ򣬶дųڵģִֻų֮ǿҪ֮ȴס
Īɵ۹ĴȻһκεطʻٶȲԿ̫죬ǣȫʻûġ
ھĴɵĹ·ڴгʻȻģ൱ڵϵĸٹ·ܵĸ졣

˿϶Ĵ𰸡
̫ˣϰ
ĸһϲæ˳ţкȥ
ǣһȺˣƺƵϵ˴г֮УһӾͽеһٶλãռһС롣
ò˵ĵĸ磬ۿʲôڽһ棬ģѳˣԲߡ
õǣվ̨ĳڣ˶ൽ˼㣬һʹһˣӶ
һվ̨Ӧǿеһվ̨ԴԴϵˣ˰ϲ֮Уʹһֱһ۷塣
һվ̨һǳأжɳǣһǳأǿͷվ̨ġ
Ϊͨǿͷվ̨˺֮ܶ࣬ڸ򣬾ߵĿĿܲͬǣĿ϶ࡣ
֮£жɳȻõ˷չЩȽϸˣԱڳнƷɢأ˽нס
˽ƷĽ֮⣬ƵͿɹεĵطòһˣҿ϶ϣʹ졣
ֱ֮£жɳǵķչȻǼõģʹڰϲ֮УҲǿǰһǳء
һվ̨ˣҪǰȥжɳǣʹĿĵزжɳǣҲҪȥһȻ֮ΪתվǰԵĿĵء


488 жɳ
гһٶȹǼģƵһ㣬ǰʻȥˣ·Ϊһâһ㡣
гٶȣԱĶҪ죬УֻɼһӰ˸·еâڿ
Կ·֮ϣгּٶȣǰţ˳Ծٶȡ
ٶʻڵϣĻȻʮֿʻߵļǣڷĪȴûⷽĵġ
ִгȫϵͳģֻҪ趨Ŀĵأгеʻ·ϣĳһܿ
һ·۵糸˲һӵʱ䣬ԿǰһˣߴĽ˵֮ϡ
ǳִĳУ鳬ǿȥ֮ʱԿеĽʮ桢ƻá
һĸߴýɵģԶԶȥ֮ʱеӣҫġ
ЩˣԾǣڳем䣬һߡߵĽһһ
Ĺ㣬ߵһ²ǧ֮ߵģĶˣֱԲ嵽֮ˡ
Ŀ⿴ȥ֮ʱͬ˹ȥ󣬶˶һۣԿ˶Էеľȡ
һ¥쵽ǧ֮ߣԲͨˮƽģ٣ڵϣûֽġ
ԶԶĿжɳǵһЩòгϵĴ˵Ŀ⣬˹ȥڳзŵӰӣʼ̫Ȥˡ
˿жɳǵı飬ΪͬģӦöǵһμǳأǵһϲǡ
ЩѾ˵ģʹΪ𺳵ĳҲѾֲˣӦζݡ
Ÿոտжɳǵȫòгڷɱ֮£Ѿ˳ǳأһֱ̣ǳ֮ڣͣһվ
˳һ˳˳վ棬һ輶סˣʵҪסƵʵݵľƵƼ
һＸʮˣ϶ҪоƵס޵ģﲻסأƼ֮£ȥһƵ꣬Ҳûʲô⡣
ǣлЩ˼ɵģϾڻĵʱȥֱƼľƵ꣬һЩ߰飬֪û顣
ȻһЩɵȴͲסôգ黹ͬˣƷǵӣʮָˡ
˳վ˹գһȽƫƧľƵ֮УȻλòһǼõģǣǾƵӣƻģ
˾Ƶ꣬Ҫ˼䷿ס£ȥϴһ裬׼˯һһ¾
ʵʱ䲻ϴͲ˯ʲôģȫû⣬ϾѾͨ˵ķ롣
̬ʵûгͨ˵̬ǿ֮УٻһЩƣģǲǾϵģ̬ϵġ
Ÿոڴϣ׼˯֮ʱĶȴһͣסˣûã洫
ˡ
һ˽üͷ΢΢һ壬һ֮£ԭѾһɶ·һγϡ
֮˵
һ֣ű˿߽һŮӣʮͣΪȴˣϵķ糾ϢȽء
Ůڽʱ򣬿ȽԶλãһ㶣Щ֣ѵոû
ʣʲôˣ
ŮӲ˵鲻òȿˡ
Ŷãҽ˹ԽҴ㡣
Ůӿ˵
ŮӵͲСˣֻǣһߣ˵⻰ܸоЩԾ
鲻ǣ˵һʱ˹Ȼۣջ˼ʮˡ
ʵ˵˹ĻͣŮ͸˵ͣ൱ջ
˴ˣ³ܲ˹ջȴһȻǵһ
ڿԵ֮£鵹Ҳһ£ǣ˹Ůˣĸо̫ãһ糾̫أԣϲ
˹ã֪ҵķ䣬ʲô𣿡
Ȼȥ˼ҡ㡱ֻǵ˵
ѽˣû飬˼ҾͲһ𣿡
˹Ťһ£ƽߵŮһ㣬Ų˹ȥװҡҡλΣ߲·ӡ
һߵߣ˹εһ£ߵ˹ͬʱ˵ѽ̫ˡ
˹εһ˲䣬˫΢΢һ֮£һȥ͵ˣ˹µĻһˤһſ
ۼ˹бҪˤʱȴһʮȵĽǣֹˡ


489 
һбʮȵĽǶȣһֹɲһ˿ġ
ͨбزԻᡰžһˤϣ˹ȴһ㣬ͨ˵ġ
˹һЩʵǣǼֵļ𣬲໹ģв
ѽˣ˼ҡ
˹ָһ˫۾ŵ硣
һĿ˹ĵʲôˣҵķʲô
黹ľƵģǣ˹ȴһ㶼壬Ť壬ֳһSεĺߣĵˣ˼ʲô㻹֪𣬸װɼ𡣡
һ˵ţ˹һֻһָĶ𣬺Ƶһ·Ŀȫ⿪ˣ·˳ˡ
һȥ˹ϣֻʣʽ£һӿǻģ˼ˣҪѪġ
˹ܶչԼģڽ·ȥ֮ڲͣŤʹĸӰˡ
ģκ˼ˣжҪһЩģʹ飬Ѿֹˮľ磬ʱҲһЩСȶ
֪ˣǳġ
鵭˵
ѽ˧磬˵ôΪ񣬸Ǵʵġ
˹һۣûĵ
ðɡ
ûк˹磬ⷽ飬Ҳȷʵû˼ң˼ƾԼͶԷҲûǸȴ˵
ʵıģǲЩģΪΪһķĪɵ۹ǾİϲϣӦ飬û뵽ˡ
ĵɨ˹һۣ˵ûмǴĻӦûҪⷽķɣΪʲô
ϣ˧磬Ƶ꣬ǳվĺһְȻס϶ⷽģԣҾֱӹˡ
˹Ť壬ʮ㡣

ͷʹôӦʱ򣬷һα߿ˣһ˴˽һ֮쳹ˡ
һ̣а̶̾ʱ֮ڣûԼžȻӶ߿ˣʵ̫ˡ
һˣһ˽Ϊ׵УǹһĶȻûмǣȴڼĵһʱ䣬ǹ֧ϵһ
鿴ȥ֮ʱ˹һ˹ȥ˽ˣɫ΢΢һˣȴ˲ָ
ϣľ٣ҪŶ飬̫ûзˣ˼ҵĺô죬𣿡
˹һָһŤ壬ɧƵ˵
Ķǰϲǵľ죬ˣһɫˣֻ߲һƹȥƼСһ߸ȫ߸Сˡ
˹Ǹģ󷽷ģ죬ۼ⣬˹ͣʱ䣬Լӳ
Ŀ⣬˹ͣƬ֮󣬼ʹһЩľ׷׽Ŀγˣһ˲䣬ǵ¶һ˿ᣬǣܿͱһģ
Ǽ֮УСᣬ֪û棬ǻȽʢһ䵽˹ϣ䵽ǲŴƵ֮ϣȻŲˡ
ĿⶨĿţôˣ˫֮УҲʼ¶֮ɫˣҪ˹壬ͨ͸Ƶġ
ᾯı֣˹ȻЦ绨һۣ˼塣
һǹľٶ·׹˵ػͷȼˣ޲øһ˹
ңжһ죬ǰ̤һδĳǰȥ㱻һϾֹˡ
е侲ӭϾĿ⣬һоһˮһ½ͷϡ
һľڰţָѣ˫֮УһƬǣȴȥ˹
֮Уͷλݺݿᾯһۣһ񣬵ȥһľ棬ᾯһ
ȻͷĿ⣬˹ȥ˫΢΢һ˵·ϡ
·ѵ㲻ãÿ𡣡
˹ǵ˵꾯һۡ
꾯첢˿Ӱ죬ջ֮£ʵҲЩܲ˵ģǣΪľ죬־ȴǲġ
ɧҪ﷢ɧˣ˵ˣ·ϡ
꾯˫֮Уֳŭ
˵ϣȴҲδ̫ϣ۹ʮңʮΪľʲôûм
˹ȷʵġɧջǣ꾯컹Լǿ־еǿѹˡ
ô˵Ҳһӵˣ꾯һŭ֮ʱģϾݣȻˡ
ǹָţ־в֮£˹ʹپˣں쳾д˺ܳʱ䣬ȴҲòһЩ
鶼оˣ꾯ļˣ˹Ȼֱܷ治ȥ㲻öԷҪǹˣʱ򣬻֪ôġ
ڶԷѹ˹ֻý·ˣǰһ飬ȴһӣûпϡ
꾯ɲ˹ô룬ʲô㣬ʱǰ˹һÿ֮ʱ˹һ˫֣Ѿסˡ
˹һ˫סĶеƤܣγһʽ˹˫֣УôѲˡ
꾯Ķ죬˹ӦûжܵÿӦ֮Ҫ֮ʱȴûа취ˡ
ƤʽĶΪܺѣ˹˼ԣȴһЧöûУѡ
ʲô˼
һֱֵķɧޱȵ˹ʱɫ΢ˣ꾯죬ŭĵ
꾯Ŀ˹һۣĵ˵ʲô˼ȻǴȥ֣۹ķɹ涨飬϶Ҫġ
ԣҪúõĽ
ǰᾯ죬ʱһЩһ˫üۣ˹ǰȴԴǵĵ
ʮַ߷߲ƽ˹ȴҲ֪Լ۹Կ뾯ֶԿֻнһ̶ˮ룬еġ
ǣ˹ᾯһۣ˵ĺ촽촽Χһ£һջޱȵ̬˵С˧磬ú˧ؾ̵̵֣㣬ò
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ᾯŴӦһѾ꾯һȭҽһһϺһ㣬
ᾯһȭ֮꾯۾ٴε˹ݺݵĵˣ򣬱Ҷ㲻ȸһѵ֪֪Ǿ


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άĴڣʮֹƽӣʵһһиľڡ
˵һЩʮǿ߸ˣҪЩһЩʲôĻֱҪ̫ס
㶨˹֮꾯ˣ˫ִ˵Ҳһ˰ɡ
꾯˫ִʱѾ˫֮УһԲԲĺƵĶ
꾯˫֣Ҫ˫֮ʱ龪ȵĿ˫֮еһŵһĶȻˣʼһЩ
һֻһһ֮⣬ӳĴ֣˫ˣҪ˫֣Ƶġ
ǸƴһĶӶٶȣǼģǷӦģڴֵ֮£Իᱻס
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һƴһӣʮ󻬵ģǣ˫ץסȻ
˫Ҫһ֣ʮ֮Ȼﵽ˰֮ûбϡ
ֺ֪һĶʮּ͵ģ֮£ϡ
㡭
ֱ仯꾯ʮˣ˫ۿ֮ʱĿǺȻ
ʮ꾯Ҳٴε飬ֻֽƲٵģûһΣֹġ
û뵽һʹýֻȻ飬٣ֻӳּסˣ̫ˡ
⣬ⲻܣôܣôܼеסֻ
꾯ʮ𾪵ĵ
鵭һЦΪȻĵʲôܵģֻȷʵʩ֮ʱٶҲ죬ֻҪӦ죬ٵˣȫԼס
𾪵ı飬ȥˣ꾯üͷ壬˵ֵزͨǲܵģôһǸˡǲǸ֣Ҫһͬʣԣҵж򣬱Ǿܲ
꾯˵ԴǣʵҲڿ־ģҲҲڲϾԼסֻĴֵĸ֣ʵȻʮġ
꾯һٶʮ֪ʵʮԼסֻչĴ֣ʵ֮ǿ֪ġ
֪ʵʮǿᣬǿᵽ˼㣬ǣ꾯ȴΪʵĿǼĸ֡
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ϲǷĪɵ۹ľģ˲٣ĶУУδûһЩ֣ʹǼĸ֣ͬҲС
ڰϲ֮УûзһЩսһЩǼĸֽսƻǲСġ
꾯ȷǼĸֵĻһټȥģǼֵɱ̫ǿɱû˵ȥ
ǣ꾯ûⷽ룬෴ģղŵΪǶơ
һ֮£꾯Σ˳ˣǸٶȣǼģʵ̫ǿҪΪһˡ
꾯һˣͬʱһ֣ļ죬һڳеǹ׼顣
Уǹֻͨǹʽȴ֪һǼǹļߣһǹһǿϲ١
ּǹʹ֣аһĸ֣⵽ּǹĴҲȻܵ˵ġ
ǣּǹĸ֣ȴһöûеģ˵ǹˣһЩ֮ģҲһԶɶӰġ
ʵǼϵĸ֣ǹѾûˣ˵ٶ֮ģڷ棬ֱӵ¼ǹ
Ǽĸ֣Ϊһֽ߻ǲģҲǺеģǼµǿߣȴֵ˼ǹ
ԣǿеַ࣬ȴǺɵģԼǹֳɵģϱǼϵĸ֣ܵǹ˺
ԣ㻹־ܰɡ
鱻һ֧֧ǹָţ꾯쵭һЩ˵
ĿһھɨĿ΢΢һУĵΪóЩǹұԵ޹ʵҪвңõǺ
Щ죬УҪûʱ򣬾ȻҪִΪԼӲɡ


491 ɱ
һʮһɵĵ۹֮Уľ죬ʵڲʲôλߣ෽
ڷĪɵ۹֮Уڻľ죬λߣһʲôǿѹ־
ڵλߵǰЩ׷Сͨǰȴδⲻͬġ
ԹһһȺ壬ײڣ춼۸꾯ˡ
˲٣龹ȻԽֻĴּס֮꾯첻ģһʱɳ飬ȷѡ
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꾯һ֮£󷽼еļǹһˣһļߣ鼤ˡ
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ǣǼ鼤ȥ֮ʱǰȻͣˣô֮ͣУһˡ
꾯췢˺֮£ܹע飬ҪĲ״ǣȴ˲˼һĻ
һߣͣ˿УɫĹߣһĹһͣ
ɫĹߣ֮ͣУһģֹ쵽˼ĳ棬꾯һûм
⣬⣬ôܣôˣֱܵġ
꾯켸ĿɿڴˣûгմǺõġ
꾯죬Щ죬ͬ˹Ŀɿڴˣȫû뵽״
˶ţԼԿһĻһ֮Уû龰ֻڴ˵֮еһ龰
ĵȻ־棬ֲ˼Ļ棬ߣǿǺյһԹٺпռ䣬Բ׽õ
׽һһʮ̫һֵɫߣͣͶ£ʵڲ˼顣
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ô󲻵ģʲôֳ𡣡
ô飬̫ˡ
λ˰ɣôôûп

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ֲ˼飬ֹؼʱ̣꾯벻̫ɵˣõȻһ֣֡
ͨ˵УǼ֣ѾǶ˵ĸ֣ѾǸ߲һĴˣǣĸУǼʵڲʲôġ
Ʒֵķ࣬꾯󲻵ģǣǼĸѾ㹻ˣѾǵĴˡ
һǼĸ֣꾯˵ҪĴڣǣղŻִڳֱ֣
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о˶ɱ֮꾯д󾪣ȫ£ȻĴһвһоһϢ
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һδε⣬ʮƵģеĻѾۻһˣֻʱͻһᱬˡ
꾯쾹ȻҶԼֱ֣һΪڣȫˣģǲܵġ
һĿ֮£ȫˣǰһӣһ֮еȫˡ
һɫһ֮£Ȼԭصתˣһַ·ת̬ԭصתˡ
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һߣٶȱǰҪѸٵģֻһ֮£㽫ȫɵˡ
һɫļߣԭط֮һ»ɱһھϣŲλһ䴩ˡ
ڼؿڲλһ׶һ֮η׷׵ˣźˣѾĲˣһ꾯죬ʱӹһѡ


492 
㣬㣬㣬ҪʲôɲҪǾ졣
һھ֮УΨһʣһ꾯죬ʱѾˣһץȥ֮ʱæе
ʶЩɫߣ֮䣬Լһͬɱˣ꾯벻һֵĻɵˡ
뵽ԼȻһ֣ղţǹָ꾯Լɵ˼㡣
п־壬ε㺮꾯æģ֮ǰŰ̬֮ġ
ò˵꾯תĹģΪԼСҲʲôˣͶȡ֮ͽ
ǰһץһɼǿˣ꾯ΣƵһ㣬䵽С
һֽ꾯ץУЦһ˵СӣղŹģôˣҪӵһȴˡ

꾯쾪͸¶˰֮ɫҪģȴһֶδ˵㱻һһ±ˡ
꾯Σһ±ΪһƬƬѪ⣬ˣܣȴһεķ֣Ѫ⣬ȫˡ
ǣһ䷿еһھ죬ȫɵˣֻʣһ˹ľĴ
ֻϣ˹˫Ķһ˫۾ȴӰ죬Թ۲쵽¼Ḷ́ԼѪȾյľ
ֿҵľ˹ɵˣһ˫۾һģȫɵ˵ӡ
Ѿɵ˵˹üͷ΢΢һ壬һ֮һָˣһ
һ߼˹Ľֻ֮ϣǼޱȵĽֻһ±նˡ
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һɨ˹ĵô㻹ԸⱻȲɣҪ֣Ÿ˲ɡ
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ǣһŪȷʵ˹ҲǣˣϲǵķĪưոݵġ
˹е˼öǣȴᣬֻǵԹң˭㴳ҵˣҲǲ鷳ЩһһɫûУ
㣬ôֶθԵֵĿ籩꣬Ҹô죬Ǻˡ
һ֮˹Ȼһƨ˵ϣ۴
ջ˵˹˵ĸо˿ȴȻݣ˵ʱ˹Ƿɧǣܹĵ˴Ļʱ˹ȴǳ

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Դˣ׺飬ʹɱ֣ǣ˹ģȴȽѰˡ
ϸ˵˹ȷʵܵԼǣְܹһѣ鵹Ҳᡣ
Ϸһ˿һûϲɫ˹Ͻϰ壬ңҲˣ򣬾Իᱻץ㲻ãһСûˡ
˹˵Ŀ⣬֮£֪Ҳûпܵģʶ˸ղЩΪʲô⡣
ðɣʱԸǡ
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һĿ϶𸴣˹ϲϲɫĵ̫ˣлϰˡ
鵭ĵŸˣһ룬Ŀǰôɣ㲻ã춼ȥˣ
˹һŵϰ壬ɣղӣôҲһǼĸְκ鷳ǡ
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ڷĪɵ۹ĴҲ˽һЩǼĸֺͲһǼ֣սȷʵ̫ǿ
ǣȴΪһǼĸ֣ĿڷĪɵ۹Уǰϲ϶ѡ
ǿյ磬ǿȴҲΨһǿĿƼδزԲֵƻ
һǼĸ֣ȷʵԺһ۹࿹⣬ǰϲǵʵҲһǼֿƷġǣȴòϣǼĸ֣ǿԾֵģԣϲǵȨȫԸϰԿ
˹٩٩̸һĵǼĸ֣䲻ԶԿһȨǣĴϲһ򣬸㲻ûᱻٵģϲǵȨԵ鲻ġ
ΪĪɵ۹ľģϲǿԲľЧ棬ڷĪɵ۹ṩ֣ڹ˰֮Уռشݶ
ϲǵľãһʲô⣬ڷĪɵ۹˵Ȼһʲô̽͹񾭼ãһܵġ
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һŵĻ棬һ߾ʬȼնˣʬһȼյĻţһ䷿֮Уҫůˡ
ʬ𼣵ʱ򣬷Σһ֮£ڵһеľʮ־ӡ
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˹ȴͬչֶһջԵһȶѡ


493 ܵλ
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˹ײһ𣬻֮ʱĿ֮УƲ˵⽣Ӱһ㣬ȴһա
һִ̬ɨ˹֮󣬷ʵϴ˭
ĪģźҪǵĶ֮У뵽ҪһϤˣӦˡ
Ŷԭˡ
ͷϳش֮󣬾תĿһۣ˵Ҿúûô򵥡
ЦЦûпĵﲻˣұ˼ڲعֽ
ʼӣǲ̫ŵӡ
ʱҵĽŲƷΪ׵һڷĪˣһ˽Ȼٶпк󣬵ǣȴһѷӿġ
ˣôˣ
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һڷĪ˽֮ʱǰļʬ壬Ѿȼոɾˣ˿һЩŵϢԼбŪ߰ľ֮⣬Ҳûʲô۵Ķˡ
ǣдڵϢͷеһЩӣѾƷɿһЩԾĵطɸе졣
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ûƷǽ͵˼ԹԵ˵
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ǱΧˣ

ʵ㣬ǧҪҶ

һӵһ˽ϴʮʵǿǸ߿Ƽװлиָļǹ
һ˸˼ǹָԼеˣһھѸٷֿһְΧ̬ƣΧ
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Ѹٵľǹ׼ģб뺷ƣԲͨģֲ֮ġ
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꾯ʮͷӣһԵþǿᣬ֮ϣһɲƣˡ
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꾯ܵλжɳǵһλв㾯٣ǿͷһƬĹվΰ⣬ֵµȨǲС
вľ٣˲õģµľԱλ˲٣ȨҲ࣬˫ϲһϡ
죬ܵλԼİ칫˾Լûû֮ʱͨѶе֮ϣȻյһϢ
ܶʱ򣬽ܵλ̫ףڹʱ䣬ɹ飬ǣԼͨѶϵϢȴġ
ϾǾְҵʱأпܷʲô飬ϹٵĲǲ߷ʲôӣʲô֮ģԣԼͨѶܵλһֱʮֿصģѶϢ֮ǵһʱ鿴
ܵλһ鿴յѾ꾯ʶ²֮󣬷Ϣ˵зҾܲ
ѶϢ֮У꾯ûָΪʵԣܵλûеõôȷеϢ֪һǼĸ֡
𹫽վһΰ״ܵλȨССģһ˵һġ
ĵ̣һֱûгֹܲܵλȻдŭģԼȨܵսټ꾯ͽܵλĹϵĲǣˡ
ܵλһƵǲСģʮ˵ãֵµʮˣͨľ죬ؾС
ܵλԳʮؾݻ˾Ƶ֮һ·˽ȥ˵赲ġ
һֱ嵽˾Ƶ֮УѶϢ˵һ䣬ܵλΪӦʮֻ𱬵龰ʵҲȷʵˣʮӺŮӡ
ܵλĿ顢һڷĪ˺ͷ˹ɨϵı飬ʮֵѰζ
ڽܵλУŸٶ˵Ļ棬Լڰ칫£ô˺ŮһǸôĻ𱬰
лŸٶ˵Ļ棬ܵλʮִ̼ͼ֪֮У澹ȻɳܵӲˡ
ֱɳܵӲˣܵλȻԼʲôģһɨһһаɺ꾯һھ죬ȥˡ
ǶǸʲô˼Ҫ𣿡
ܵλĿһʵ
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ʲôʲôɶ֣ʲô£٣Ұ𡣡
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˹һŤһŤ֮߳ʱܵλŷ˹һ˫۾ŹˣСһ㡣
ھĿ˹֮ʱܵλл˹ԼСȽһ£ֻ˹ƯһЩټϵַ糾ϢڽܵλӣﻹеȨģջ
Ҫ˵ʲôҰô˾һǲʲôµġ
ܵλĵ
˹һͨ죬ص٣˵ˣͬ飬һһЩ飬ѵɵĳǸʲô˼
ңһֿʼһֱǣ̫ˣǵǸĻǻʦġ
˹Ӵʱ䳤ˣ˹ĸоӡǴΪͬģŮһٱƵģô仯вͬʡ
˹ͱ˵һƣܵλеɵˣоߺһǧֻѼӣڷһ㡣
ܶʱ򣬽ܵλ참򵥴ֱģ師һоţŵסͺãŲסˡ
ǣ˹ˣͲ̫ʹˣ˲£˵ʦǻʦһִˣڽܵλ˵Ҳһ鷳
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ΪȴҲ½ִһִˣ˵һССĻˣǷĪɵ۹ĸ߲㣬ҲҪΪɵġ
Īɵ۹ȨߣƹһȨھְ֮λȸߣʵǿ
һεʵȨߣʹʲôʱ˵飬ý屬˳һпǿѹȥ·һ


494 
ӵ꾯ѶϢܵλŴҴææϹˣ˭֪ȻûпǸһýܵλе֡
һƣܵλ뵽ȻȥˣһҪǸһÿ֪Ϸ˾ĳͷ
֮ʱûп꾯Ӱֻǣһ䷿ݣе㲻ԾӣԵеˡ
ҵһ䣬ҲûʲôˣһôˣٲһЩء
ûҵ꾯죬ܵλȻƣԼˣˣת֮䣬뵽һ취С׬һʡ
Ƶ飬ܵλûٸɣ޷Żһթһ£㲻ñԴ׬һʵġ
ţܵλҲȷʵģֻǣδȥ˹ըˡ
ȼ壬֤һԼһͣ˹ܵλĵλȨֱӺ䶥ײˡ
Ϊվһľ첿ŵв㾯٣ǰ˹ԲҺӲģǣһΣΪɽ˹ĵӵ˲١
˹һײܵλɫѿ˼㣬˫֮УһĨ׹ⲻ˸ˡ
٣ֻۻᣬ㾹ȻŪộؾǹָǣǸʲô˼
˹ԴǵŭǶ˵ϲǵĿŷΧҪͶʵģ̵ͶʣǰϲǵȨ̬𣿡
ò˵˹ʮִϻۣŸռŶӣȻͶóƤˣ˵á
ϲΪĪɵ۹ľģ൱ڻĵһڰϲ֮У̣ǱȽϿصģһ̳ʲô飬˳ȥٴĹ٣ҲҪµġ
վһɫòܵλһʱɲôˣϹȥǣǿӲȥȴ̫ˡ
ܵλ֪ԼĄ̊́ʮǿӲˣһܲȥִˣûкôġ
ԣ˼֮£ܵλֻаˣЩ㬵˵ܣܺãϣжɳܹطǧҪʲô󡣡
һ֮󣬽ܵλһ֣һؾк֮£ȫ뿪ˡ
һؾ뿪ı˹죬һмı飬мĵߣװģ
ʮؾһ뿪ոӵķ䣬˲ÿˣֻʣ顢һڷĪˡ
ڴˡ
³һ˹һӡ

ΪһһĪɵ۹ۿƼˮƽʵڵǰǿһķΧ֮ڣǰλġ
һǿյڶ֮У㲻ʲô滹жļǣڸһƬǿյķΧĪɵ۹˲õġ
Īɵ۹ʵ˲ãΪ۹ĵİϲǣ÷չˮƽֲأʹðϲ֮УһЩڰ档
ϲ֮У˲õģ˰ϲϵһЩȨڷĪɵ۹һЩ͸ġ
Ϊһǿͷڵĵطжɳǵķ٣ڰϲ֮Уǳģõķٳ̶ȣദڰϲǵ۷塣
ֺ͸ԣһطһƬɾһЩùĵطУڰ˵׵¡
ڰ˵ɵģһ󵶰ռжɳǵĵ£ƹһЩֳǺϴԡɣ֮ĵط»кܶ󺺣Īɵ۹жɳˡ
빫վԶһʮߵĸ¥һʮֳַǣжɳǻˣ߳жɳǵˣ֪һֳǵλãʹ⣬ĺá
飬ٲ˾ҪӯҪȱ˺ãҪСҾ
Ҫ˵жɳ֮УֳǵҲ٣Ϊһֳǵôã֮ˣ֮࣬һֳǵĶء
жɳеֳǺܶ࣬гǧ֮ģôֳ֮УվһֳǣȴΪأΪʲô
һֳǣǴ󵶰ֳǣΪϲǺڰ˵һԱռݵһϯ֮صһԱжɳ֮Уǿռλġ
жɳеĵԴ󵶰Ϊףʹڰϲ֮УҲռһϯ֮صģǷĪɵ۹Ȩδؿѹ´󵶰
ɵһʵ˲õģҪӪһֳǣҪ̫ףȻ԰޽ɵġ
һЩǮˣ߻иָĪİãֳͨ㣬ʱ򣬴󵶰ֳǣṩĵط
ֻһ㣬󵶰ֳǣҪȱֳǺã฻˸Ըȥĵط


495 ڵ
һĺҹˣǵƺ̣󵶰ֳǣһƬƬġ̵޺ƣ˸ŸɫĹһƬնȾɫ
жɳвҹǵһҹһǳأϵﵽ⣬һƬƬĵƻ𣬽жɳȾһƬ
һƬһƬƻԻ͵ľ֤жɳǵķ󵶰ֳڵһƬ򣬵ƻ貣ƿԽһǳصķ⣬ȫƵġ
·Ǵ󵶰һλԱڰ֮УλߣֻײСܣŴǰ֡
뵱꣬󵶰ҵʱ̣Ѫɺӣʵٵġ
ҵɱսΣ´󵶰İڣ˲٣·ͬʱ󵶰ˣܻģʵǲġ
·֮ԿԻΪһδεĴս֮У·ܻעǰ棬Ƕڱ˺棬ſԻġ
Ϊ·ҵ̰εĴս·ҲſԴȻסһ
ʱգǰѾвͬˣжɳǵľ棬õ˾޴ĸı䣬ڶɹĳ棬Ȼһȥˡ
жɳǵĵ£󵶰ˣȻһЩССɴڣǣûκһ󵶰һϳˡ
֮£󵶰İڣȽϰȫˣûǰЩɱϵ龰·Ҳӣڿ԰һЩˡ
ڴ󵶰̵Щӣ·Ȼûг̫ʹڴ󵶰еĵλһֱûеõǣʸϰ
ܰеһЩο·ңνʣΪʣԱסһѾǼõһˡ
ڰȻûʲôͣǣ·һǵõһĹֳǵһ֮УΪһࡣ
󵶰ֳ֮УĹԱЩԱдƸģҲдӰǲġ
ƸĹԱ㲻˵ˣһЩԱĹһЩְܹ֮񣬶ɴ󵶰İεġ
ֳ֮еĴ󵶰ڣִɱɱˣ˼ҿˣһã˳ͻһֳ֣ǵĹˡ
ֳйģҪñͨģ٣ﲻֻдɱɱģ·ˣȻȽһ㣬ǣֳǵ࣬ġ
չǺƵģһɵĴɱɱԺģ󵶰ĸ߲㣬ɲɵӡ
ֳеıǰһӴɱɱİڣǶñͨģһЩ飬ܹ»СС»ˣҲˡ
Ȼ󵶰ǾԲµģֳ֮Уκ˸£ȰĻ󵶰ˣһġ
һҹһһҹֳǿŵĴʱ䣬һ㣬ֳӭӿһһֳ֮С
·Ҳʼһһҹƽƽӵһӻʮƽʮַζ󵶰еˣԸӣԸɱɱΪ磬Ŵ̼
ǣ·ֻϲƽƽӣʲôȫĵİ
ð
·ҷһ΢ĸ̾
٣Ҹ磬޲ˣ˵㣬ӦøлһЩҪҪȥһ档
һ֪ʮ꣬ʮŮӣ¥ϡŵŵš·ֹʲôЦ
˴Լ˳·ңŮһֹۣ֮䣬ջӣǸٶǿԵģκΣŮӳʵڲУһٶʵ˲θڡ
·ϵɫ䣬ΪȻ΢Ц˵Ľ㣬ҪˣҲ֪м˵ġ
Ľ㲻ΪĵѽҸĵϸֲǲҿ֪Щǣɴںⷽ飬㵹ģɷ򣬴͵ԣ̫Ȥ𡣡
󵶰ֳǣ෸ɻΥɵ飬һЩԸ⣬Ľ㣬൱ڻĹŴ𱣬ֵ´вС㡣
жɳΪһ˷ĳǳأ֮࣬ˣȻȱٲСְҵġ
һЩֳǣӵеС㣬һǱȽϸ߼Ա󵶰жɳǲٵСԴǶǱȽϸ߲㼶ġ
һЩȽϵ͵ȼСԴһЩССɵߵжģЩ󵶰Ҳȥᡣ
󵶰ĸ߲Ҳ֪ܴ󵶰ʮռжɳǵĶ㣬ǣ²һЩȴġ
Ľ𱣬ȻҲֳ죬ǣֳǵԱߴ󵶰İڣֵµС㣬ֳǹҲֳǹ
ֳָǴߵѨĽ䲻Ǵ󵶰İڣȴ󵶰һЩ˹ϵſԴֵµС㣬ڴ󵶰ĳ⡣
Ľͳ·ңֳﾭ棬Ľ㲻ʱϷһ³·ңһЦӣʵУδûн·ˮ˼
Ľڴ󵶰֮УʶˣſԴֵµС㣬ֳ֮С
Զ£һ󵶰ˣǸõģ·ңڴ󵶰еĵλȻߣκΣʲ͵ġ
ڴ󵶰֮нʮ꣬ʮһֱʮ꣬ʮӣ·ʶ֪֮࣬ġ
˵һ䣬Īɵ۹ˣƽȵҪߣʹͨ˵ҲԴﵽһʮϡ
ǿ֮Уͬ˵Ҳͬģе࣬ʹͨˣҲԴﵽ֮ģٵֻʮӡ
֮ͨ⣬һǿģΪԽߣʵԽǿȻǴġ
˵ǼǼǼǼϵĸ֣Ϊÿһ֮ʱǸ˵ġ
н̸˼䣬·ұһʵľ룬ûдӦ˼ĽҲûǿ˼ֺĶԻѾˡ
Ľ֮󣬴һ¥սǵĵط߳һһ׳˶׳ˣ֮ʱŲʮּʵел˼
Īɵ۹ˣһֱǲߵģһ壬ǣһλ׳ˣȴɣ߾ȻﵽһڷĪ֮УǸ߸ӡ
һλ߸ӣһ֮ʱѹǲСģһˣһ߹жٻһ㲻ġ
׳ߵķų·Ҷȥģǰ֮ʱһк˵ʦô簡
ǰڼûʲô飬͹չǹ𣬲и
·Ц˵Сӣôˣ֮أǧġ
׳ˣйҲǴ󵶰İڣ·λͨڣڴ󵶰֮УһСͷĿеͲĹߡ


496 
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ڴ󵶰֮УҲʵһϰڴ°ڵһֲԣ൱ʦͽ֣ǳ·ҵͽܡ
·ʦڴ󵶰֮Уʮ꣬ȻǴײİڣûлɹ㣬ֻ΢һЩˡ
ڳ·ҵֲΪȴҪ࣬ǲһ㣬ʮʱ䣬Ѿ˴󵶰вˡ
ܹΪҲҴƴŴεƴɱ֮УһֱǰУŵλڽģ˴󵶰вλá
ò˵ڻһϣһ˲ţ˸Ҵƴ֮⣬ҲȽͷԣһֻ֪ɱɱˡ
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Ϊˣһȫŵڴ󵶰֮лͷΪһвĹߣ󵶰жɳǵĴȨƿһ֮󣬹Ҳֳֵǡ
ڴ󵶰֮ռвߵְλֳ֮УĵλҲ͵ģıƹֳİ
һ޴ֳǣ¥öʮ֮ߣн̻ԻֺͣĿˣǮģеλġ
˼󵶰ܣҪ֤˼ҵİȫǣڴ󵶰˵һҪʮֺõģһ˼ҿ˷ʲô飬һα˼ˡ
Ϊֳǵİƹֳǵİȫֵ»Ųˣλ֮ߣ֪ģ٣һֳ֮У˵Ļǲģġ
·ҿֳ֮Ϊһ࣬긴һ꣬һֱռȽˮλã͹֮䣬޹ϵ
ͳ·ģû䣬Ѿ˺һҽ֮£ſڵλֱͯӱ߷ˡ
ʲôˣ
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Ķ֮ʱѾʶˣǰңɫΪ࣬ãȻ˹ҡ
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һִɱɱ飬·ҾһļµĸоͬʱҲΪġ
֪ʦģһСĵġ
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ΪֳǵİֳǷκΰȫ⣬Ѳ˸ϵģԣòȥһ
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һ֪ܲһֳǣǴ󵶰ĵ̣ǣҾҴ󵶰鷳ģǵĸ߲أһĵ򡣡
ĵ
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˵ҲãȻûһս򣬵һ˹Ľ֮£жɳ¸
ΪһˣҪжɳȨǲܵģ辶ӵʼ
ϲǵĵΪӣ˵󵶰ͲǴķĪɵİɣУ˲ֵĺۼ
ڰϲУǷĪɵ۹еһЩɣ󵶰ʱ䣬ǱȽ϶ݵģֻвһ꣬Сֱˡ
ǣЩ󵶰ķչȴǼΪ˲õģһַӿ֮ƣһ³ɳΪжɳеһǿɡ
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ʲô˼Ǵ󵶰ĸ߲㣬ѵʶǵϴ󲻳ɣ
üͷһʵ
ɣڲͬ˵󵶰ĸ߲ʶҲһˣԣľģǲСġ


497 ǿ
Ǵ󵶰ĸ߲㣬ȷʵʶҲҪʶǣӽ쿪ʼٲǴ󵶰ĸ߲ˡ
鵭˵
üͷ΢΢һ壬ˬʵʲô˼
죬мĵʲô˼ȻҪȡ󵶰ĸ߲㣬ԺСӾ͸һˣȻҪзչһЩ
һ̸һָоˣɱǲģֻԷûн˵ף׷
齫˵֮󣬹ɫһ䣬ȵ´˻δ̫ˣҴ󵶰жɳУʵһָģԣ³ûС
Ҫչǰĳ徢һ飬˵ҶԴ󵶰ﲻĻ־ԻģͲŵȥˣԲݵġ
񣬹Ҳе㽭ϡԽСĸоˣܹĻǲҪĺá
Ҫô󵶰ͷס飬κΣվ籾ߣֻǵһЦνĵ⻰һûУҼȻҹ϶ǲ󵶰ģԣЩջȥˡ
ȻˣǾ͹ֲˣһϡ
üͷ΢΢һӣĿ⣬ɨһ飬˾ϣһһ¡
ֱײһ㣬ֳ֮УֳĶǲСģֳеı˶ȻҪһġ
˵ʱ򣬻ͨԽøıϿۼ÷⡣
ղź˵˵ģ˱òô嶯侲֮⣬еȴڶ־ۼ˼
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ڹһ£ۼϰˣľۼˣһ´֮ϰһˣɱȥˡ
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ϰ̫ˣԳҵˡ
˹˫һµɴˣĳ֣е𺳣ױȵġ
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׹䵽˳·ҵߣ֮ʱһ£ţǻȻˡ
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ղһȭʹûʹöǣܵƣǲģƿ·ԿŲλһȭӡ
ܵشҪܲסˣۡһһѪ
һѪʱֱһ£һٴοһ£ȴȻҪ
Ϊһֺıһаֳǧܳ£һ£󵶰ĸ߲㣬϶һҹ鷳ʱ򣬱㲻ܼܲˣͷ


498 
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ΣǸֳǵİһûŪãȴģǰеĳͷ
ʹһҴƴˣֻҪһ뵽󵶰óͷȻез
ֵ°ɣҪһãǿĳͷƶȣһҪеġ
Ϊо£ʤ˲֪Լʵ̫ԶȥֻҲ׼ȥ
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𿴳·Һܶʱǣϵȷʵȫʢʱڣѣʱ˿̣ȴûǸ
Ҳһ˿Ѫ˫Ͼۼһȫйˡ
ͨһµ˵ϣоԼҪˣȫ£һûˡ
ʦǸʲôſңұҪֹ
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һ𣬵ҲľƣֻǣɤѾɳˣں֮ʱһֵͳ֮
·һذס˵СӺʲôɣ˵ע⣬ˡ
ͳĵ˾ˣܲΪɣ˼Ҷˣûһ̬ȣһӲ
˵棬·ҵüͷҲ΢壬Ϊ󵶰һԱڰ棬Ȼǲİģڰνµġ
꣬ɱս֮ʱ·Ȼں棬ǰ壬ǣÿһεսȴȱϯ
ȷʵþϣڳһ֮󣬳·һûз֣˵ͽܣĳͷԺ飬ڣԲܳȥ򣬾һסɽڣûգʲôҪȲ
Ȼոս󵶰ʱǳ·Ҵŵģǣôֳ֮У·ܵ˹ĲչˣˣʹȻڴ󵶰ȥҲô
ԣ·Ĳϣ£ŽסĵȰ˵
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˵Ǵ󵶰ĸ߲㶼
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ܹоɱ⣬˸æĵүǴү˰ɣǧҪ˵ʲô˵
󵶰ˣչ鲻ǲʿֱҵҲֱѪЩҲǺġ
ԣ黹Ͳţ˾ͲˣȻ˳ʲô˵ˣǣ֪˸ڴ󵶰Ϣ
֣Ҫ´󵶰ĿȨ֮Ϊ壬ƿжɳǣϲǣڷĪɵ۹һЩȨɲΪһЩСǰˣ硣

ֳǵĵʮ㣬Ҳߵһ֮Уһķ֮ڣһųĴ֮ϣһʺϷ
һųĵɴϣһһŮڽоҵ˶ʹõɴĺһһֹ
һһŮڽмҵⲫսǼޱȣִ˷Ľ֮ͣ
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߲ŸոᣬһȻˣò˵Ǹ˵ľǲС
ⲫٴν뵽ʮּҵ״̬֮ʱͷϵһ绰һĶ塱
̶ܣⲫ֮еӣγУʱҲֲȥˡ
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һˣһֱֻۣһ˶Խ
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Խ֮УһԲֻʵĺ
ʱֳǵĵʮ֮еģǴ󵶰İ󵶣һִ˴󵶰֮Ϊжɳǵĵǿ֮ǿ֪ġ
ܶʱ󵶶ֳ֮УֻʱҪˣŻֳ֮УһλС㣬йһ»
òףһΣⲫʱ򣬶ԽȴһõϢ󵶵飬֪ġ
еĺʹʱôһ£󵶵ıǮһأҪˡ
ôͦϲµģԽʲô˸ﵷңˣǡ
ˣǰϰˣһȥԸǣȻǸ˵Ķ֣ȫɵˡ
Խ֮УǸ˺һͲɺһ󵶵ĺ飬һ㶼ʣˡ
鱾ͲˬģǸ󵶰İڵһź֮£󵶸оӲˣ˶ˡ
Ŀһ˲䣬öݺݶˣŶԽ֮клأɵ𣬼Ȼɲ֣ӳ֣ȫɵһ
ԣԣȥұӸ硣
ڻȻһ£˹
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жɳǿһ󵶰ƿصĵ̺⣬Ǽģÿһ죬յǮǲٵġ
һֳǣ׬ǮȻ٣ǣڶൽЩǮʵڲʲôģһʮҪġ
һʮҪֳǣڴ󵶰ȷʵʮҪ൱һֳ֮Уÿһ춼򣬶д󵶰ĸ߲
ڴ󵶰ľ߲ÿһԱڣ鲻̫֪˹һֻ֪дӴ󵶰ĸ߲ˡ
ֻҪסһ󵶰ĸ߲㣬аգԽ󵶰и߲㣬߰סſԽ󵶰ȫµġ
ֳ֪ǵĵʮд󵶰ĸ߲㣬ֱ¥ݣȴûߵݣԼ¥ݱȽϿ֮⣬Ҳ¶԰ڵ
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Ϊֺ£ûߵݣ¥ߣٶȻģƬ֮Ѿϵ¥ˡ


499 ֣
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һǿᵽ˼ƣ֣еĳǹ֮ϣһ±ˣǹۣ֮׼ˡ
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ƴ˲Ӱһһֻ֣ųǹĴȥģǣڼ䲻ݷʱ֣ӵֱ΢΢һֻ΢һǹһŲǹĲλȭͷӭȥˡ
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һɳ籩һʵԲģκΣʵǿһЩο籩һϣȴҲһ
ΣһԾˣǰɱȥڿգƲһ㡣
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еĳǹ΢΢һ֮£ǰˣǹһ֮ʱǹ⾹ȻһǹӰΣȫС


500 ѹ
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ڵݴʱգ¥ݿ𵽵ãʵڱȽٵģҲһȫͨá
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ǹ㣬ѷʵĻ۽֮£ǿ˳һȭֱʵǹ֮Уʵһȥ
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оһµ֣֮ӾãһƬգƶúڰһЩա


501 ס
ڷĪɵ۹һһ֮УǼֻаʮ˵һ۹֣ΪӽǼǿߣʵѾΪ˵ˡ
ң֣ӵΪȻǼʵȴķӽǼ벽֮ңûС
֣ӽ֣ȷʵоˣԷʵǲȽ𵤾ʿˣɼʵ֮ǿ
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˵µϵʵͨģϵΪƣвͬµĲΣȴġ
Ǽĸ֣ͽ𵤾ʿȻڸԵϵ֮Увͬǣʵǲġ
֣ӵǼսʹĶ֣ǣҪʰˣҲȷʵҪһ
ȭ֣ӻˣȭ֮£֣˲ƣѪܵ˲С𶯡
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һ顱Ȼ֮£ƽһף֣ӵΣƱϣһһ㣬ԶԶ׷ɶȥˡ
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·ղŵսûзһ㣬Ȼһʮֵ̬ϷȥƲ죬ʵѸ͡
еıӰ֣ӳһ£ڻǲҼǰȥսֻһҧѸ뿪ˡ

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ⲫ״̬һ۷֮ʱڴͷϵһֻԽȻˣ˴̶ļ˵ĶĤʹˡ
һܻĸо˶ԽŻʲôôʲô˲õ飬һ١ٶĴӵȤ㲻𡣡
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󵶵ΪȻǿģǣĴδʤ֣Ӷ٣˵սӦòġ
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黹ûж֮ʱѾˣҽһ棬κһ㣬ǰˡ
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ڶѷһɣ󵶵Σ˲ˣڵһ㣬˫ֳȭˡ
󵶵ĶȻ֣ҲЩԤ֮⣬ȷʵû뵽һͱų֣һ֣ʯ쾪ˡ
ȫе۵һȭ֮У֮ʱһʯ쾪֮Ƶģоһǣһˡ
Ǽĸ֣ΪǸ֮ʵ֮ǿᣬһ֮ʱǿһһ㣬ǿǳġ
о˺һǳ׹£ɫһ֣ضˣӦ˹ǿˡ
˫һĨһƽ״ǰһģԼ䲻ݷ֮ƣĵ󵶵һ˫ȭͷ֮ϡ
˫ƣĻ󵶵˫ȭ֮ʱˡ࣡һһ㡣
˫˫ȭײ֮ʱһ˲䣬ƣƷƣ󵶵ȭͷǧٴεĻ
ǧٴĻһ֮УȻûʹöǣǧٴεĻγɵһֺȴΪ˲õġ
ǧٴεĻγһǿ󵶵ȭ棬һ磬ȭƽ֮ˣա
Զ֮ʱΣȥһǿϣȴȱĻˣ˫Ųȵ˵֮ʱһ㣬ûлٻһ˿һĵ档
õһ֮£͵˼һ߽ˣˡ
ܺãҲһȭ
˫֮УȻ貵ĹâһЦһ֮£˫ȭˡ


502 
ڿһ֮£ˣһ㣬ǰ˫ȭȻˡ
ȭͷ֮ϣĪ֮£֮ʱ˲оΣдвˡ
󵶲ҵһ¶һСС״ǰһӣ顱һըˡ
һףұըˣ׵ıըǿıʹǼĸ֣Ȱһ£ܵкӵġ
Ūһ壬ȴֱըƵĶһųըһΪģܳ
Σһ㣬ɱȥģǣһɳһ֮ʱȻǰΣһֹͣˡ
ǹǿĳʵǿģҲƬ̣󵶾͸˵ˡ
һ֮ʱ󵶵Σһ֧һ㣬׷˳ȥһߣԶȥˡ
ַչϲּģһ֣ѾȷˣԼĶ֣һб㲻ˣսȥ
һдΪУ󵶵Уˣһܲ㲻ãˡ
ԣ󵶲ʹһųһ֮ʱĳ󵶵ΣԶԶ׷˳ȥ
εջһߵĹ켣Զˣ󵶷ȥķһǽڣΪ˲ǽȻֱײ˹ȥ
䣡
һ˵ľ֮У󵶵Σһײһǽ֮ϣֱһ㶼ɵġ
ֳǵĽ죬һĪĲʽɵģʲôʰɣʮּӲͶˣеĵߣ涼һۼ
˵ǽ֮ϣһĻۣҪǽһŪ̫ܵġ
ǣ͵һײײǽ֮ʱȻһֵضɽҡĸоһֳǣζһ¡
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ֳ¥һЩ֮УڽʲôⲫսأҶ˷ܣν˷졣
ʱһҵ𶯴ֳǣҵˣһЩ赸ˣվȽŲһΰء
һЩ֮Уڽаˣ𶯷֮ʱһûзȻ׷׵˵ϡ
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ˣôˣܰ˰
ܰܰܵĻҪˡ
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ֳǵһ㣬ڷ飬𶯷һ̣˽Ǵˣڸʲô飬ҵģæˣܳȥ
ʹڿƼʮַķĪɵ۹飬ҲǷǳ˵ģʹ˾ֵģϾڵ֮ʱ˵飬ǱȽϳġ
ΪĪɵ۹ĿƼǺܺõģĽһ㶼Ǹ߼ģһ߼С𣬸κβֽ
ǣļ˺ܸߵĵز֮ʱһ˰˼߾żĵزһѵġ
ʮĵҲûзֵһμ̵Ľ̮Ŀԡ
ֳǵĽ죬Ҳʮ̵ּģǣһֳǶǵĻģȻ˲õġ
˶뵽һ㣬ܣǣֳ֮ڣַһƬ֮У߰ġ
˵󵶵Σһײǽ֮ϣһޱȵľ֮£ǽ֮ϣһ±һ󶴡
һƬƬƬĺҷɽ󵶵Σһûǽ֮УӰһ𶯡
󵶽֣ȻΪ˽£ʳһЩ󵶰סԣɲŹ󵶵ġ
һųĳ֮£һɼĳõǰΣƬ̣󣬲űһºƵġ
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ǿʶ֮ɨˣ˷չȥˣ·ֵеľȻˡ


503 ҳ
ΪĪɵ۹һģϲǵľ÷չǲģһжɳǣõķչǷ˼ġ
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ֳǴڹվķٵضΣǰң˷ȱٸ¥֮ĽһЩֳǵʮ߶ȸߵġ
һ¥ֳǰΧˣһ¥֮ķ϶໥֮ļһֵγɵе˻ǲٵġ
治жɳǸȽϷĵطԽҹԽģγһɽ˺ˡ
ò˵ʮֳּӳֱ֮ûһȺ֮УûˣʮԾ
ëϯһ仰˵úãȺڵ󺣣ǿȺڼǿ󣬶ңҪȺڵ֮Уҵһˣϼѵġ
ʹǿ֮еĸ֣ﵽǼǼĸ֣Ҫڶ֮Уҵһˣʮּѵġ
󵶱ˣһλǼǿߣЩһģΪ֪ʮּѣԣһɶ·֮С
Ϊͷԣӵʮǿʵ󵶴˴󵶰֮󣬲ſԷչѸ٣ʹð֮䣬󵶰Ϊжɳǵͷ
ڱ˵ʮּѵһ飬˵ȴΪ׵ģǿʶ֮һɨˡ
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ӵʵˣڴʱ˿̣óģȴʶ֮ǿޱȵʶ֮
ǿʶ֮һչ֮ʱһ֩һ˷ӶˣԳɷȣ·ӡС
е֮ϣڶʹʶʮǿᣬԽֳܵеУǣҪֱȴʮּˡ
ʶӶеĽֵ֮ʱеУȴһ壬Ҫֱһʵڲ׵ġ
У
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ѭһָķʶ֮Ӷȥˣ𽥵ģ󵶵ΣԺ֮У¶ˡ
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󵶵Σ֮ǣ¶һ˿Ц⣬·ȥˡ
裬쿴Ǹˡ
ۣλǿߣȻУ𡣡
쿴˷ˣ֪Ǹʲôģˡ

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ȻҲҹɫѾʮֺڰˣǣڳз޺֮£кưƵģһƬ
һƬ֮£֮ʱ·еϵˣ˿µ飬һģһС
һ˿ԷɣȻʮ־棬ȴϡ棬ڷĪɵ۹֮УԷеˣǲٵġ
ߵʵһľ磬ԷУҪǼſԷУԣԷɿ֮ˣڷĪɵ۹֮Уռһġ
ڶˣ£ʲôֻΪհеûţԸţŴӿз¡
ǣ·֮УȴһΪŵģǱˣֻǣȻʮ־ţȴһҪǿǲС
һҪ鷢ˣǣԽȴԽˣ۽ǵһɨ֮£Σֱֱ˹
һʼ󵶻ţô֮У͵ԼҳǣԽԽˣҲˡ
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һ֮£󵶵һŤһһ㣬ӵ֮Уǰˡ
ȫ֮ʱˣƱһһ㣬ӵ֮Уһͨǰȥˡ
ӵȺ֮Уһˣͱ֮УҪȥʮּѵģǣȺȴܳΪ󵶵谭ǰȥٶȣȻһ㶼ġ


504 
һ㻬ֺһ㣬Ⱥ֮ǰУ߳һ۵ߣȺеܶ࣬Եʮӵǣȴһϰ
Ǽĸ֣֮ʵʮǿᣬɵãǷͬһġ
Ⱥ֮ߣһ磬һˣ˸оԼһ紵ȴʧ١
֮вд󾪣оһιһӰһˣһӰӣγһߣ˲Զȥˡ
ò˵ӵĺܿ죬ǣ׷ɱٶһֱӴӰзɹ׷ȥˡ
ڵϱܣӵȺ֮бܣٶٿ죬ڿзУȴҪࡣ
ǣһλͷ֮ʱ𾪵ĿΣѾɵԼϿգһҪˡ
ϣһɱ֮ʱһǿƿնˣ˾˵
󵶵Ͽ֮ʱˣɺɶ̬ͷ½ϵһ״̬һֻƣֳһֿ֮ƣųˡ
ɵǣ֮ϣΪҲԲģԼ裬ɵ֮С
ʱֵһƣԷΪںˣַһƣ֮ǿᣬ
һ£ױȵкˣ󵶸оԼͷһƬգһ¶ˡ
־ֿ֣󵶲ҵæˣ˫ֳȭɿƣͷµӭȥˡ
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ڿ֮£ܵˣ׷ױˣǿޱȵķ֮£תܷȥˣܵһΧ֮ڣһˡ
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꼰һЩˣֱһƵ󵶣³жң֪ġ
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ޱȵĵ棬һ֮£õ󵶵Σֱݽȥ˰أ֮ϣһѪ˿ˮһ㣬ˡ
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һֿ̻˹׺ݣڵ˾֮£˫۴Ŀ˺Ŀ⣬顣
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ǣĿⲻɱˣǣһûУ󵶣ǼΪҵģ㲻Ϻá
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һƬҵڣһս֮±ƽЩӰˣƽϢ֮󣬲𽥻ָһЩӡ
죬绰

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һЩĺĵķĪ˵֮£˴˵绰֪ͨ˾֣ȻҲ˲Ը飬Ըǣȥԣ׷뿪ˡ
ڳ뿪ˣǲ٣ʣˣǱȽϲģԸ￴֣鲻Ƶġ
Ƭ֮һ󾯵֮˹һн֮ʱͣһӶӵľ죬ˡ
ǹʵһλλ죬֮󣬵Ŀ⣬ڳһɨˣȻ˷ֹʼ̽
һӾĴ֮£ڶľ쵹Ƿֹȷں̵ܶʱ֮ڣ㽫ˡ
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Ӿ΢΢ͷ˵пܣһģȻԷеĸֲһҪΪﵽǼǣӸղŴҵ֮Уȫ֪еһˣǴ󵶰󵶡
Ϊ󵶰İжɳǵһ쵼ߣ󵶲жɳǵľûϰȻһЩ죬϶Ǿеĸ߲㡣
Ȼ󵶲ײľʲôǣڶྯʶӽΧߵ֮Уӵľ֪һ˶󵶡
˵֮УҷˣǱʮҵһ󣬽ֵ˫ʵ״ﵽ˺εȵز˵ǿ󣬸ǿԹܵġ
ӵľ˵
ǣѵǱӶ𣬾Ͳˣ
ľЩͷ߷Ȼ˵֪Ӿ˵еǣȴ˵Լġ
Ҳû취
ӵľ̾Ϣ


505 
жɳǵĶһ÷չʮѸٵĳ֮УҲǷٵضΣڶ࣬Ѳ
ڶһֵľͷһҵ¶ĳзĪɵ۹ȽĶĲߣҲʮֲģΪˣſ͡
ڵ¶ĳĵ֮УһǼصķ֮УһڿżĻеһͼʾĶǶĳеĶĲ
һУʾ˶ĳе̬ˣΪӮǮ֪˷񣬻ӮÿѾܲˡ
żеһĻĻĳʮӣͷΪӡ
˿ð𾢵ʱ洫ŵ˾˹¶һ˿Цݣ±ˡ

һ̬֮˲ſ˵
һĻش֮󣬴һˣ˵꣬ȴҲûôˣѾСˣнʮӡ
һ˵ǰһ˵ϴ󣬻ӭĳӲ칤
ݣȷʵһˣǴ󵶰жɳǶһҲȨˡ
ڴ󵶰֮УֻҪһλõˣûô򵥣ǸһµģǴӵײһġ
ݵĵ֮УĳӯʮҪģµһӯǴĳ֮еġ
ΪĳʮҪݲÿһʱ䣬ͻһΣݵĵѾϰΪˡ
С߰ĳĻҿһ£ǲ
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ˣҲվˣ°ɣҲôˣ̫н
Сæлǣлϴ󡣡
˶̸۵Ļ⣬ǰ飬⽥Ѿ֮С߿ʵϴ˵Ҫٿ󵶰ĴˣһΣ֪ʲô飿
󵶰Ϊռжɳǵĵ£ڰϲ֮Уռһϯ֮أһЩҪһ°ɵķչʲôģԣʱٿᡣ
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ȻеĴһһεģҲû⣬Щʱ򣬷ʲôϵȫĴ£Ȩʱٿġ
Сڴ󵶰֮УλҲˣ٣ڶÿ֮Уһ֮£֮ˣڴ󵶰ٿص㣬Ȼ֪һġ
Ϊ֪һЩԣС߲ʮֺģҪ֪Ƿʲô飬ô󵶰һٿִᡣ
һ㣬󵶰ʲôش飬ҲСͨһϾΪԼұۣСߣݻʮֿصġ
ʹзʲô飬ҲС˵һϾһ׼Ļһʲô飬ԼҲöһֲǡ
ΪڣС߲Ҫ֪Żȥʣû뵽һʣȴסˡ
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飬ǰûзνзȻ֪ʲôԭȴñȻʲô¡
СҲֵĵ˵ְǰֵļʻ治డ
ǰңһһֲõĸо
ݲüβ˵
С˵Ȼʲô˵һε飬ǲСģҵ֪һ֪ûʲôϵ
Ŷʲô飬˵һ˵
ݲȤ
ϴģǰ죬˵ֳܲǱߣһսս˵ǼֵսʮּңֳǺһе⵽˻Եƻ컹޲ء
С߳˵
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ȻһݲɴȤ˫һǼĸ֣ڰϲ֮УûжˣģҲôˣ໥֮䶼ʶӦԵ޹ʵսĪǣ߲ɡ
ڰϲ֮УĪɵ۹ǼޣȼĸֶģЧڵ۹Чڼ塢ɵ໥֮䣬϶
󵶰İ󵶣ЩǼĸн໥֮䣬ѾʮϤˣ֮䣬Բֵġ
ʹ֮䣬֮䣬ĳһʵ͵۹֮䣬ʲôͻһ̸еķʽȥ˽ᣬԲֵģֳĶ̫ˡ
ڰϲ֮ϣѾкܶ꣬ûзִսˣǼֵսʮټġ
ԣһ˵ֳ﷢˼սݵĵһӦǷսģȻĸ֡
С߽ӻǲߣʵڲ˵ҴϢڽеһˣǰ
ǰôܡ
һüԵ޹ʵģҪսһǼĸ֣ĪǣйҪսǴ󵶰ﲻɡ
һ룬ݻúеӣǣ˵ĻټǣеӦΪ˶ԸˣֶԲء
ţϴ֮
Сͷ͵
һ֮󣬲²ɣݶҿ϶ģҲû̫⣬һеȵῪʼʱȻһжˡ

Ϊжɳǵͷ󵶰ҪһδᣬƻΪСģǸͰڵһЩ֮ǰƺƴˡ
˵λеͳϵˣֵ»ҪһЩСܣɵƣӲСˡ
󵶰ְоۻʱһѡֳнУһΣȴֳǣǻһ󵶰ĵ̡
ǸطǵȭǴ󵶰һҪľԴۻӵ֮ʱȭڵĵطԽԽ˹ˡ
ȭϾѪһЩ˶ȭڵλãڱȽֵĵطһЩһ֣һְϽ֡
һϽ֣ƽʱǺģǣһΣȴвǰˣֱӭ˵ڶ
翪ʼֵ֮У㲻гǰˣһһΪܳʱûϽֵһ˿֡
һʼϽһЩסῪһϡ棬ǣЩˣһͲ˵ʱ򣬽ϵļҼһȫˡ
һ磬һϽֵ֮Уûֹͣңÿһĳֹһһųһš
һϸ΢֮УһﳵһϽ֮Уһͣӳһһʮ֮ࡣ


506 
һʮˣһ˼ˣһϳǺģΪʵ̫ˡ
һʮˣȫǺɫװʲôʮֿţһŴīôǺˡ
һˣǴ󵶰İڣͷݣŵ꣬Сߡ
һ³ǰȥ֮ʱִ˴΢֮ݵһ΢΢ͷȻʹվסˡ
һ濪һﳵҲ֪߱ȻǴ󵶰İڣ粻ôӲʡ
Ȼǰͣ£һ֮߳ʱݵϳˣͷһˣǴ󵶰һÿڵ
ϳ˷ͬʱȻҲϳݣһ֮ϵ¶һ˿Цݣ˹˵˵˭أҵסҵȥ·ԭݰôСӻû
СӶûôأҪҲ
ҲǳԿһ䡣
ǣ˱һ䡢һ䣬ǵ￴ţȻ֮֮
˵ľԽԽ˽ǰ֮ʱȸһȭҲһȭսѾˣʵ˶ȭ֮ʱû϶
һȭ֮󣬶˾Ȼһ𣬿ģʮȵӣ֪ˣ˲ʲôޣʮ׽
Ȼһ֮󣬶ӹЦʮֳӡ
ʱ󷽾Ȼִ˴˼֮󣬲ͣһﳵʻ˹
磬ôҪҪһ£˭ˡ
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ŰݵĿⲻЩƣ˵
ڴ󵶰֮УҲǷɵģⲢ֣˵ĵطȻнģ󵶰֮ڣҲϵҪΪϵ
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лʲôѾ֪ˣΪһ̵ԭһֱΪлӣһŰɣԸˣɴƺЬӡ
˴л֮⣬곤һЬƵҲԴһԭ򣬵Ȼţǣǰеģȴࡣ
л֮ԿԳΪ󵶰ɵĴĸҴƴǼΪҪһ棬ɵս֮У˼ΪҪĹףҲڼɲʱ֮£ԳΪɵһ
ҴƴƢ꣬˸ҶԼˣлӲŲǲǰ֮ˣһԲϣֵģԣǰЬӵˣǲ̫ࡣ
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⻰һȻŤͷˣ΢΢תлЦǸߣɲǾ㣬ǲΪ顣
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лӿʮ׷ŭƢʮֱ꣬һʵƢҲһװġ


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ܲײӦô֣лĲٵԸ񣬶̫ң˵ˡ
ڷŭͷʱ򣬷ǵΪڱ֮ĻǾɵˡ
ݷ߷ȻǰĵȭΪǴڵ£һ֮󣬹Ȼʮİˡ
һƬİĻ֮Уһ޴ĺƻ᳡һĳŴ󵶰ڵĵһƬտĿռ䣬Եˡ
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Ȼ󵶰ͨ˵Ϊϵһؾɣһɣ˵ΪȺģʵϣ᳡֮УΪ߰ĺü
ݣȻҲиԽõˣλҲǵͬģͳһģϾֻеλͬˣſѵġ
ʲôЬӾȻˣ̫ˡ
֣̫ˣЬӣԽĿˡ
ùְԽԽˣЬҲ˵Ĺ֣ԽԽǷ
ԽԽˣȻ˵ʲôǰˣ浱ؾɺܺ۸ɣǻˣȻҪǸһɡ
ǣΪ˴󵶰İŽᣬһǿģɵЩһҪһѵſԡ
ѵҪһѵҿһΣӦ룬ǵλãȥһЩ򣬻Щĵ𡣡
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ؾɺ֮䣬໥˳ۣһδεײһδεĦ໥֮䣬ķߺޣԽԽǿġ
໥֮ߺ޺ԹޣԽԽˣ൱ڶѻ˼ĻɽֻҪһ˿Խɽġ
ݹݣͱȽƵģʱ˫ĻԹѾʮˣһ˵ȻؾɵһЩʮַġ
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ؾһеķߺޣݺͷлʮָ˵ģص໥һеĵ⣬ʤġ
ݣͶˣ侭ǰһĻеԹޣӳġ
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ڷݵһ֮£ؾɵһѾеŭˣ̼ĲУֻҪټһϣǾʲôܵģȥɱ
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ܲһȭǴ󵶰󵶵ĵ̣һڰڣʹٷҲֵġ
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һΣȴȫûⷽˣɼ󵶵һҪΪһڰˣһѿ
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Ҳùˣʲô̫ϳϣڴ󵶰Թʷϣû飬ûλá

β֣һͳϣʮֲϣԼԴ֮ϣһ
ԣһˣ󵶰Ҫһ̫ϳ֮ڶͳеĲˬ֪ġ
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󵶵˶쳹ˣȴ·һ㣬û˼Σͳ֮ģɫ˲ˡ
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һͳ֮У˷֮⣬ҲʮƵģƵ˼ģеĲֱҪ۶ˡ
Ȼʮֲ˵ǲ˼㣬˵Ⱥ鼤ˣǣû˸ֱ˵ģֱӷ󵶡
Ȼ˶ҷԣǣȴû˸ڷԵģ۷׷ףɫ䣬Ŀ˸֮ʱȴһʵ쳹ˣ˵Ļ˵


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лӴˣԲȱ͵ж԰ɱ֮ʱǰ棬Ҵƴһˡ
һˣڽӴĿ֮ʱȻоԼǺ䵽˼㣬ĵһ־֮⡣
һҪԿףҲô󵶰֮ϣһƵʵлӵ뷨Ҳȫǳ˽ĵġ
úܺãֻǣĿӴ֮ʱлӸоԼƽӴʬɽѪһ㡣
еĿ־壬һˣлеĵɥٲҺˣѡ
ɨлһۣ鵭ĵܺãȷѡ񡣡
һ˵ţ齫лӷٹĿ⣬ɨ·ˣ˵ǣɻвġ
л֮ʱϵĴ󵶰ڣ¶˲м֮ɫı顣
ɫ֮У¶м֮ɫģؾɵˣ緽ݣеĴϵĲм飬ʮ
˶֮⣬ʣµؾˣǲǶлӲģûʲôɫģϲмɫʮԡ
УһΪлƽʱܵӣʵûôйģͬ
ɵһڰڣ˵лһߵģܴһЩ淽棬һЩǣ˵ؾ֮ʱӦһ¶ˡ
ǣʹɵһڰڣлӵ֮£Ҳһ¶ʮı飬˼ġ
ʱлӿɹܲôģܹסѾʮֲˣĲϣǾһħ
ڳڶ󵶰ˣȻʮֲлʮֲмǣû˵ҳġ
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Ҳͬ⡣
һˣڷݵĲԶ֮һվԴǵ˵
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һһĲͬ졣
᲻ƽʱӲ˽һΣȻָվˣȻɡ
Ǻ÷ǰлǸǿ̫ࡣ
˵ףؾɲǴ󵶰мָɣȫһȺ̰ˡ

ʻһ֮󣬻᳡֮УһʼʱһƬž֮ˣżžƬ֮һվ˳ʾ˷ԡ
ʹڿʱһڴ󵶰İڣҲΪɣؾɺɵˣֱվߡ
ɵһڰʮּž֮ʱһߵؾɵİڣȻվһˣؾɵһϷ׷¶һֽ֮ɫһֱ׳
ڽͱ׳ɫ֮£һȺ֮УͬȺһ㣬Ȼһһ㣬˵õġ
Ϊηԣ
ķȥУ˲ݳһĹâĿƵһ㣬ƿиһ㡣
Ŀʮ絶һ˾ԲӵģϲߵһЩˣĿͶעȥ֮ʱ׷ױܿˡ
һˣڿĿ⿴ȥ֮ʱ׷ױ˿ȥǣǸϲᣬǲȻҺӲ
Ŀӣൽ˼ģĿ֮УĹâƵһҲ˿ѷɫӡ
Ļ˵֮ʱ᰺Ȼ˵󵶰һֵܴ£꣬󵶰ﻹֻһССİɣڰϲ֮ϣʲô󵶰Ĵ֮£һֵܣսɱʮֵܣ˽յһƬ£ԣ󵶰ǵҵǵĺӣǵ
˵һ֮ʱĻ֮ԽԽˣҲԽԽԴǣϺƳһ·ǵһ㡣
ǵеĴüǣһ͵Ĺ֮Уȴֳɵ󣬵һǵġ
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˵һ֮£ܵһЩˣһЩؾɵ߳ϼȻܵӰ죬ϺҲһ㡣
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Ļ֮ԽԽˣ֮һ㣬ڻ᳡֮лˣըѶˡ
ǿޱȵ֮һ㣬һֹƵģô󵶰֮У˶վ
ǵİǶͬˣ㾡Ȼҷԡ
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˵˶֮ʱ򣬻᳡еĴ󵶰İڣѾвٱжһվ˲٣ңҵʮּġ
УҲԡ
ԣҲԣԲ󵶰֮УԳһͷʺˣԲ
ҲһǴ󵶰һǰκ˶Ծ󵶰Ȩġ
Ƕԣһ𷴶ԣԲκˣκְλڰ֮ϵġ
ҲԣҲͬ⣬ͬ⣬ǲеġ

Ὺһͷ֮󣬾Ȼһ󵶰һڰڣƽҪҸͶһ㣬һĴһ㣬һվʾ˷ԡ
һ󵶰İڣվԼķԣʹ󵶵Ҳˡ
˶ǴڵĶҪһ棬ǲܵģңһʮ֮£һѹľ֮£κ˶ҳͷֻҪһ˳ͷ˾Ըڴڵġ
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ൽһĳ̶֮󣬴ǵӸˣźһ㣬쳹ˡ
ŷԵڻ᳡֮У쳹ģɫһѿ˼㣬еɱ
ΪʲôҪó󵶣֣ͨҪ󵶰ŪסΪ˲ڴ󵶰֮У̫ĶɱѪɺӡ
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Ȼɱ䣬ǣĿģһҪʵֵģҪʵֵģԵˣһҪɵġ
ԣ鲻Ҫɱ䣬ʱȴҲ˲ˣһ֣󵶰ɱˡ
˵󵶣䵽УȴҲ֪ǿ󣬾ԲԶԸġ
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һ֣һ᳡֮Уһɱ᳡ɱѪɺӵĻǲ̫õġ
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ָҴҳˣſԳΪ󵶰ĵһǲģǣˣҪһЩġ
˵ʮֻ̰ԸȽԲһЩöӣԣںܶʱҪ÷ǰ棬ǲܵġ
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511 ɱ
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ߣȻϣǾ͹ֲˡ
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һߣ֮ʱڴ󵶰İ֮УһƬҽ֮һ󵶰İڣȫˡ
󵶰࣬ȻĶ֣ܶжôǿᣬƥеġ
ڰ֮Уת֮ʱһһܣγһƵģǱͭǽڶġ


512 ײ
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ħǶħսʤ
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ܸղŵʮգǣܹԼĺֵܣݲڣһΣӦһѡ
ӥ߿գͷų޾󵶰еˣһɱˡ
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·Ĵ󵶰ˣֵܣǴ󵶰мƽգ󵶵Ŀأʱȴ˲أĿѡ
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֪Ƿеŭ⣬Ϊ˳ֵԣһ֣治С󵶡
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һɵҲ˵һײϣ󵶸оԼǱˣ֪ǿը
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ֽڣѪУһĿ״֮ıײˡ
ֱʱ󵶲ף飬Լʵ̫࣬ǰһεĽ֣Ȼûоȫ


513 Ϯɱ
ʵ鲻ɱ䣬ǣֲòֵľ棬ʹЩҲҪɱ֡
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־ɳȻ˲ãʮ˵ãǣʵڲʲôʹ˵ʵһҲĶ֡
һ֮ԺɱһƬȻ´󵶰ˣǵķԣǸ
䵽Уһɱһڴ󵶰ˣеˣȻȴûһվˡ
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ܹ󵶰ʵ黹ʮԸô󵶰ʵģԣ󵶵һС
Яʤ֮ʵڻ᳡֮һڴ󵶰İڣйʵʵˡ

һѰ磬̶ľжɳǵһֵ֮У쳹ˣһֱ
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һȷʵһȽ鷳飬ǣҲֻ˶ѣڽܵλ첻ɸ鷳
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һƾ춯һľ֮Уǿҵıըһ籡ˣһǿĳ޴ĴгһƷ
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ҽڵ֮һ㣬ܵλΣԼٶȣźȥˣʱ˫һ֮£ȻһֵӰһɱˡ
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һһģǰɱˣܵλˣٶʮ֮죬ǣٶȣһЩġ
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ȵһֻ֣ǰ֮ʱܾȻеԶǣ֮ϣȴǿˡ
ܵλΣ֮ǣһͶȥˣۼýܵλҪУɵ
ͻȻУһֵĸоץܵλһֻ֣Ȼȵһһ֣ȴһ㣬ǰĳˡ
һĳ֮ʱϵޱȵģһ֮ƣʹһ㣬Х֮䣬һ֮Ȼ쳹ˡ
һž·һ㣬ˣѹ֮£Ʋ


514 粨
жɳ֮У󵶰СϵӰһǸֵľͷµֱߵĻ죬ţһ١
һŹϵ󵶰Ϣʮͨģκεķ紵ݶ󵶰ĶĿ
жɳ֮У󵶰Ϣ̶ͨȣĪɵ۹鱨ϵͳ˿ѷɫġ
ʣ´󵶰һ壬ͨ󵶰Ϣ֪˽ܵλ
һ仰˵ĺãӱʮ겻ǣһ챨һˬ顣
⣬黹ͱȽСۣô󵶰鱨֪˽ܵλϸ鱨ֻɱˡ
ΪԼ֣Ҫɱܵλֵ飬ȴ룬Ķ֮󣬾ⷢˡ
һϸƿӵĳĪĽǶȴ֮ʣһԸٲһˡ
ܵλ֣ȴȫˣһ޴ڵĴǣ̽ȥˡ
ԭһƬƽգĴչ֮ʱ޵ĿУͻأһ̽ƺһ㣬նɱˡ
Īһ֮âǿޱȣɲӣһˣһϣ³Σʿ֪ġ
֮䣬ʮȷѡ֮£һ̽ϮķȥۻԵ
ڿ֮£һƣһĪֵĳײһһ֮£˵𻨣âĽ
һĲλԸоЩ΢Ĵʹǿң˳һƣҪһС
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ϲ֮£ܵλȲסԼΣͶֵ̬Ͷˡ
ۼܵλҪ䵽ϣһϸĴ̽Īһ֮£һĹ켣̬Ƶ
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Ʊ۾һ㣬һָ赭дź󷽵ˣָ֮ϣȻһĽɣɱˡ
ָγһֽǰһ壬һô˻ɱĴ֮̽ϣô̽𣬺Ƶһ㣬ˡ
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һȣըһ㣬Ȼˣϴɱ֮ƣ˽ܵλϡ
֣ܵλɱ֣ɱ˽ܵλǰſˣԼɱֵĵ˭
¶˾ɫһ˫۾һ˲ɵ󣬺Ƴһţһ㣬ܵλ㣬ǡ
һ˲䣬ܵλϳ飬еĺȻ֪ģţ龹ɱֳĶ
಻ţеĺȻ𾪣ܵλվһ仰û˵㱻һƣԴϣòˡ
һƣûнܵλԴһ̻ըһ㣬䡱һ£ԴըˣѤ̻һ㿪š
ܵλһɱٲˣ̬ȣ֮һһת֮£Īĸ֡
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ܵλ˼ŭˣٶȣ࣬ϵĽ⣬ȦһȦһ㡣
貣ΣȫУâ֮ƾޱȵģ鶼ов
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УźԶȥķ˼⡣
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ղǸʵԲǼĳ߿ԱģҲֻǼǿߣſԾ
ص˴󵶰жɳе֮ܲ˷һ£㽫˵ˡ
ӦðϴʵѾ˼Ϊľ磬ʲôǼǼĳߣĶֲǣ꾹ѣʵ򵥰ʹĪɵ۹Ǽĸֳ֣Ҳδؿ
Ҳоɻ
ɫĵϲϣûô򵥰

жɳ֮УȻӣǣƣǿҲ٣ǣٷȻǿġ
жɳǵľ֣ҲСģܳеĺڵ٣ǣҳײӣ;ӵģȽ١
һЩʿڶԾ첻һϮ飬ǣϮɱ֮£ûûзġ
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ɱв㾯죬ǶԾϵͳսϵͳеһ쵼еķŭ֪ġ
ǣϵͳȡ˶һˣɨжɳеÿһҪÿһȫƵġ
ȻжɳǾʵ˵ģǣһЩǿġ
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һЩǱȻģ󵶰ʵǿȴվĺ͹ٷľԸɣִˣվá
󵶰ܵ˴еһܵ˺ɨһЩģȽСİɣֱӱɵˡ
ıʮǿ˲ðһϴƵķ粨ϯжɳǣһЩܵ˴һЩС͵СˣһܵصĴ
жɳеΰδжõģǣһϴϵһЩС͵Сֱӱһɨˣֱҹջĵزˡ
һϴƵķ粨󣬶һЩСĴʮֲСǺɨһһξ
һη粨һЩСĵʮֲС󵶰ʵȻһǣʵʵȴûеõ𺦡
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ڻ᳡Ϸ黢һ㣬Ϸһλ֮ϣλ棬һλ֮ϣŵǾήҲ󵶡
ûбɵǣǿƿش󵶰֮£Ҳûκλˡ


515 
ȭ֮У󵶰ĸ߲üһãνȺˣȻǲȫǣǴ󵶰ǣǴ󵶰ĸ߲㡣
ָ߲Ļ᳡ܹӵһϯ֮صģǴ󵶰ĸ߲㣬λǲͣҲǷһġ
ǰ󵶰ĴᣬյĻ᳡ȴͬˣֳĴ󵶰߲㣬ǰѾΪͬˣס
⵹ҲһЩӲɣ϶ǲģôҪǿƿش󵶰
һϴڵͷһЩͳϣԴһЩɣܵѹ
һ֮󣬰һЩӪˣõĻˣ׷Σǣȭ֮УĴ󵶰߲㣬ࡣ
̫ϳϣһεж֮УҰ࣬ΧѾŵжɳǣССĵҲɨһˣֻʣͬĻˡ
̫ϳӢƶķչԣǼΪץסڶɵĻᣬ̿˳ţ˲ٵ̡
ã̫ˣǴ󵶰ڳΪжɳĵƿߣΪϲǵĵһɣҲûпܵġ

˿ϱʱ䣬󵶰һ߲㣬׷ǰһˣ֮У˷֮⣬ʮԡ
λڵĹά֮£ƳΪǰ޹ˡߵĸˣΪ󵶰ķչ
Ȼжɳ֮Уһϵ飬йϵǴɱ˽ܵλģǣȴҲһʷĸо
£鶼û뵽ڻɱ˽ܵλ֮󣬾Ȼᷢ״˻ᣬ󵶰Ĵǣչжɳǵĸ
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һƬ蹦̵µ֮Уվʵˣֻеһ̤ǰһ֮˵̫ϳϣǴ󵶰ķչȻʮֲѾΪжɳİǣȴҲûж֣ûпвǴ󵶰ˡ
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ǣͬĻˣʲôöЩǴ󵶰ɵ鷳νǲٵģԲͬĻ׳Ļᡣ
ͬ⣬Ҳͬ⣬ͬĻˣ治ʲôö˴˻ᣬһٺɨ¡

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Ҫ˵ͬĻʷ󵶰һ㶼ģǣ÷ڷչɵƴ棬ȴ󵶡
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ǺðɣȻҶԸͬĻᣬ˴˴ʤʱҲûɾܾôʹ˾˰ɡ
һ룬˾ϡ

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һʱ䣬еֵܣʹ󵶰˳ͻ٣ãųԿѾܲסˡ
һüĲλе̵ˣߵĵ
ͬĻһλǿߣʵ䲻ǼֵĵزȴҲʮֽӽˣ˵ʵ֮ǿ·󵶰֣ӡ
󵶰˰֮⣬һֺʹֱ֣ˣ֣ȫ֮£ǼĸȣҲٵġ
֣ӣҲģʵ֮ǿʹ˫ܲ·磬˵ʵͬĻ֮УͬǵһڵһĴ֡
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ĵģҲ˵ĵģ⻰һ˵֮ʱ˵ɫһ±ʮѿˡ
Ҫ˵治ŵģͬĻ֮ڿжɳһֱȥ˷꣬Ϊ͵ϵԼνţˣŲΪӡ
԰һη粨ͬĻȻõôȴҲ˴󵶰ľ͵⣬ҪĴ²ô׿ȥġ
һЩڽеһ𣬶Կգ̵̯ô󣬷˴󵶰﹥İӣΣʵڲ˵

ͬĻʹ󵶰֮佫Ҫڳ˵ĵǣȫ˳һֲŵ
жɳ֮У󵶰ʵͱͬĻǿ˲٣˫һȼϣͬĻʹ󵶰ӲӲĻΣδ֪
ͬĻˣٻһЩηͼɵʹٲԸϣ˫ʵĲ࣬ǼΪԵġ
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еǣֳ֮УһЩԹ÷һεľߣ˲
ƨƨ˵Ķƨ˵ԴǣָһεĻᣬǷ֮ʱô˵ģһͬˣǰס˫ۡ
Լɪʮַŭĵ
ڽͬĻʹ󵶰֮䣬ܱĳͻսԼɪȷʵǣǣǲηͲսֻǶѡ
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Ϊƨ˶λãԣڶͬĻָͬĻĻ÷֮ʱԼɪ򵱼ˣʮַȻ˵
Լɪ̬ȣõֻ֧֣˵ͬĻţĲ˵ԣȴҲһʹͬĻ᲻ţʵõ˱Ĵ󵶰ҲԲжɳ֮Упԣһսɱ⡣
Ļһҵ˵֮ϣ֮ǿˣӽ΢΢һ
·İڸ㼺ͬĻĻ÷׵λ֮ϣһģҲһֱûб̬˴ʱ𼴽֮ʱ÷ڲ粻ˡ
ˣǲҪˡ
΢΢һЩ÷˵
÷仰һ˵֮ʱڳ֮ˣ첱Ӵֵģɫ߷ȻģһĿ÷
Կ÷ͬĻ͵λһԼȳԳһ㣬ʹ֮ˣҲҼըˡ
÷һֱͬĻĻڴ󵶰Ĵѹ֮£÷쵼ͬĻᣬֱǰһΣ֮󣬿
˾޴ĹͣȻΪ÷Ӯϵ˵һεжľ߸㲻ϴʹˣеİڣҲ˵ʲô
ѾزͬĻʹ󵶰֮䣬ԹѾãټϴ˴εĳͻһսܲ˵ġ
÷üͷ壬˵ʱ˭ĴѾˣҲûǸҪ֮ҪӦԵİ취
ǰڴ󵶰Ŀ֮£ǻˮû˽ǣѡ̬֮⣬ɵĴڣҲ˳еΪṩ˻塣ǣ֮󣬳ûĵͰˣһǵˮͻȻˣøɾˣǼʹҪҲزסˡ
ֵǣ֮£ͬĻᣬʵǵΪΣյʱһͬĻĻҵҪǵлһˣԣòҪٻԹˣ취һʵеİ취⡣


516 ɱ
һٵĸۿڳУжɳеľȴȻˣ̾ɨڶ֮󣬳Ȼƽһʱ䣬ǣδزǱǰƽ
ɨڰжɳǾƶһԣʵ֤Ҳȡ˺ܺõĽ٣еС͵ĵ㳹׻һεĴ֮С
һʱƽͰݣС͵СжɳǣһȾмǿԻԣжɳǵľֳ˾衣
ҺãûıڷжɳϿյĿЩ֮ʶ齫Ҫˡ
жɳǵľ㳲ӳеÿһ䣬Ǵ󵶰ͬĻᣬܵصչˡ
ˣñһЩ쳣󵶰ͬĻھ˼֮󣬾Ȼ˶Ծ˼
ֳһΣô󵶰ͬĻ˺ôǾֵľɨĵ̣Ȼȫ䵽˴󵶰ͬĻУô󵶰ͬĻʵǿ˲٣ǵ˺ô
ڱվһ׳꾯٣Ӣ߷Ȼ˵
Ǿؾӵһӳжɳǵľϵͳ֮Уλʵͣѹһͷģֻжɳǵľֳ
ͣȨĳɾͣѾʮ˲ˣٶȣǹġ
ܹĳɾͣ˰᱾˱Ƚϸ֮⣬ʵҲΪ˵õģȻǼֵʵǣҲǲˡ
Ϊʮֳڣ˼ûнӴ̫ྯϵͳĺڰһ棬ԣ֪֮󣬰еķŭ֪ġ
Ǿֳ̬ʮֵ˫΢΢ɫû̫Ķһڵӣ˵ӳҲҪŭڶûжô׵ģΪǵж˴󵶰ͬĻʵкڣ飬ǲɱġ
ңЩڰһһںͼѵ飬󵶰ͬĻ׶ԸԣҲظеơ
ֳǺȣǲġ
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ʿ֪˹㳡֮еֱǴ󵶰ͬĻˣһʱ֮У棬Ѿ˼ˡ
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еŭѾȼյϣڶڵɫ˲䣬ڷ׷ŭ֮£˶Է
󵶰ͬĻڶڣ֮󣬷׷ŶԷȥˣÿУҪôŵҪôżǹ֮͡


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˺ͨݣ˶κ˵ע⣬ǣȴƫƫˡ
֮ǰ֣ɵܵλʱ򣬱һ˵Ϯɱʱһ룬֪ˣˣǰһˡ
ðһΪҺ۸ɣ
зŭ֮£鵱ˡ
ٶȳ֣Ϊˣһһƿ֮ɶˣնȥ
Ϊǰһն·նҪһΪˣҪնһѺƵģնɱ˺˵֮ʱо֡
˾ǰһϮɱԼǸˣеķŭ֪ﻹȫǿ񱩳ˡ
֮ʱûжȫһƵȴҲʮֲ֮ˣܵ
쵽һе˵ɫ֮£˲һҪźȥ
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еһСȻһ̧һĨΪĹâһֵӭȥֳķâһ㶼ֵ
ɼڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣǵеķâײһ𣬵âĽ棬˼㡣


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֣ǧҪᣬܿ˹ɲΪ˶Ը㣬ղҺ˵Ǹ飬ʵܿҲзݵģԣҲýܿ˹Ƿʸ񣬿Ժһ̽ǹıء
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520 ǿͼ
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֣㲻żѾԶˣҪ˶ãǱԵˣԣֻҪٶһЩıˡ
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ʱ򣬽ܿ˽˶˼ĶԻǻ˵ǣֵܵʵǿᣬܼǣԺûôðν÷ǹıأôãûһģȴǸɲɴµġ
ܿ˵ĻкȻû飬ﻰ˼ȴûã˲ˬ


521 ǿ
ǰǹصȷеص㣬ֻ÷֪жûһȷеĸʹܿ÷һĺߣҲһϸܡ
ܿ˹ǹڵλãƶ÷ƭԼǣһµʻûеͷ٣ڽܿлһЩֹ
˭룬֮飬뵽ǰֵ³Կܿͷһɻӿһʱûпס̲סһ䡣
ܶʱ鶼ǺƵģԸǲԣϾǴһײ״̬ģԸɱϵһ١
ԸºͣȱɱϣıƼˣԲᷢģǣ죬ȴһа𱬷˳

һŭҲѹ֣˳䱬ˡ
Ųһһֺµ̬ǰһֻһ˽ܿ˵ǰһȭ
ܿû뵽˵־ͳ֣ȾȻһ׶ûУɫһ䣬һ
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һˣڽܿ˵УһԲֻһգһžˣ಻ĵ绡֮Уһˡ
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һȦȦĵ⡢âɢΪһ˱ֹâˣҪǸѵġ
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ܿ˵ӦΪͬϴò֪ʲô·Щ͵â֮ʱȻһҴˡ
һȭƣŵеĽζԽŨˣпζϸĻԿȭ棬Ѿýˡ
һֻڵȭͷǰһһȭ֮ޱȣ޷ֵ
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ȭͷͣ˽ܿ˵ǰûĴʵǣһȭȴʵʵڵģڽܿ˵ϣγһ˿ڡ
ȭͷͣµһ̣ӽܿ˵Ķͷ֮ϣһεεĺ飬ˣˤڵϡ
˫΢УŽܿ˺µɫĵԺ˵Сһ㣬ҿɲܱ֤һλ᲻յס֡
һ֮Ҳڿͣˣתߣƿسɴһ㣬ѸԶȥˡ
뿪֮󣬽ܿ˵νһƳһһ㣬֮󣬲΢΢
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÷ͽܿˣǹıأ϶֮ģϣԵõ౦ǣǿߣܿ˶Լջİգ̫Сˡ
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һӵ˵˵ʺĵطΪǹıأ˭̽գܲһһɡ
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ԿףʲôԿףûаֻ̽նѣ͵ġ
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Բתͣ΢ƿ죬һϮ֮ʱַâǿָ֮ӵɫ΢΢һ䣬һη֮⡣
ܲη֮⣬Բƿն֮ʱеԼӳȥһɸǿӳ档
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һңһһԲ򣬵ըˣһС֮Уʲô߰Ķưһļˡ
ʱԲת֮ʱľ룬̫ԶԲһըıըˣĶӡϸȰȴʮ־ˡ
ƿ𣬵һſŶӺϸ룬䵽ǰ֮ʱδѾԸоˣӺϸеķâ
ʱһ䣬ɽһ㣬һһľ磬ЩӺϸ룬ȫתˡ
İתأĳǼΪģδǰ֮ʱӱ㲻ҵæȡӦԡ
в֪óһʲôĵһ֮һĻָӵǰˡ


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ǣ֣γһųʣһĨޱȵĹâѾҫգһĨâֱ֮ϡ
ŸһһĨγһϸĹγɵķ˺ɳʿһߣһ֮УԿ֮ġ
һ֮˵âһǰԽκζƵģâ֮ޱȡ
һƿԽһƬ˺ѣɳγɵͷһʶˣ˸ӵüĲλ
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ͲϵΪʵǿ֮ˣ䲻˵಻ʤǣȴҲԲٵģνڶడ
ΪһСϵиڶ࣬Щ͵۹һ֮У㶥ĴڣǣҲ
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ȻŮҲҿ̫֪棬һע⣬γɵƻˣ㲻û꼰㡣


526 ս
ΪͲϵһĸ֣ʵǿᣬ죬Ϊ೬ߵĿģ׷ѰĿꡣ
ò˵ŮӼȻ˲رͼᣬ˫һϲޱȵΪˡ
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ȫ׼ǰǣȴҲ׼һŲرͼΪصԿףǣ;֮УȻһŲرͼ
ʵһŲرͼ˵п޵ģٵõһŲرͼܱһҪá
˼һŲرͼˣ˭֪Ȼûе֣ˣֱš
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ԣʱʶȥӺŮӵĴԽѶˣڶΧ֮£
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һǰѪȳеʮ־棬ɴʣʵ
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ʶȴǴģ֮ϣ֮ϣȷʵûĴڣǣȴǾԵġ
ͷʴ𣬽ܿ΢΢һЦ˵Ͼһ򣬼ʹ򣬻٣ҲһЩĴڣοǰһΪһЩʣųڵģΪһŷ򡣡


530 
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ʵϣȴˣ֮ϣȻųûȴĲһûУЩġ
˵֮ڣֺĴڣһֽħӦʮǿᣬʹĻ֮УҲһ档
Ļȷʵ棬ħдֳǿ֮⣬мǿս
һֻħ㣬Ļ֮УɱһͨˣǾûģǣ볬սĻǾԲǶֵġ
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Ȼ˳־ˣҲͲٳˣһɱ˹ȥֱӳˣǿ֮ˡ
ε˽ս֮أһȭȭ֮ǿ治ͬ죬ȭȥ˺ˮеħȺ˾ĺˮ
Ļһֱƽ˾ľ󣬼ʹǳɽܺڶħһսҲǾ춯ˣԲСǣ֮ɵķˣȴȻ
֮ϣһĪԽƳߵĿзУѹıˣŲγɾˡ
һ˵ҪĶʮּѵģǣһ֣һȭ֮ʱĶǲС
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ħڶ࣬ﵽ˳ǧ֮࣬飬һȺһ㣬ſԲĹ
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ӷɽ֮ϣһǿҵһĽӷɽϱˣ࣬гǧ֮ģγһַ籩
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ͻȻıչֳǿʵɵˣʱһ˫۾͵ɴ˼㡣
һ˫Ĵ۾֮У͸һֲ𾪣֮ͫڣ΢΢һȴĽƷâǧǧ
ħȷʵ࣬û֮ȴҲǧ֮ģʹʵǿһȥɱҲɱ֮ġ


532 
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֮Уһֱɽ֮˵鲢ûͱɽʩչ֮ʱԴ߷Ȼǿ
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ǳɽһ￴˿ü֮䣬һЩȻ֮ɫ΢΢˵ͷ
Ҫ֪ǲͨǹصͨȥһ֪ˡ
Ȼǵı飬һ仰֮󣬱㿪ʼͨȥˣȽ
һ֮ͨУоˣһɷ磬͵һ´ˣ鶼оһЩ⡣
ǹɷ粢ȴһĺ⣬׳ƵҲͨȶܿӦһ硣
紵ȴܵһʾΪȴ÷ڽʱ򣬾ԽĴһ
Ϊͨʮֳһµƣԣǰ߳û೤ʱ䣬ǰȻһƬڰˡ
һƬڰľֲָͨˣԿκζҵãʵ㲻ĿǲʲôӰ졣
֮ͨУ֪ǲһֻԼԼķڡˡ죬Ȼ󣬵ǣȴһֹǺ֮⡣


534 Կ
ڰʱйǺ֮ͨͨĳ˵Ŀ֮£վ˾ͷ
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Ȼһȴţҵ˵ط
һȴţ÷ϣ¶ϲɫʮ˷ܵĵ
÷˸ˣڹ֮ǰ÷Ȼȫ׼ǣʵû׵ģҲұ֤ԼǲĿѰǹıء
ϾͲϵǹıأͷʵڲСģϵ֮УǰѰУȫ׼ˣϧҲ޹ˡ
бûб̫ȴ룬ȻһȽţѾȷˣǹıء
Ȼ˹ĺۼǽһȽţǾ˿ѵģģȻǹصڵء
ҵ˵طǺܺðһȴţǸôȥ
ܿһѵ㡣
ԡ
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÷ı֣÷ǳɽһˣæʵ
Ȼǽը
÷һڣ⶯˰ť䡱һһ޴ڵǰˡ
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ڿ֮Уһ޴ڵǰˣ޴ڵųβ棬ǰʵĽŴȥˡ
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ּߵ¶֮£Χɽڣʯͷ˲٣·Ϳˢһīһ㣬ǣʯͷȴûڻ
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ڵıըʵǲ͵ģ¶ҲʮֲͣǣųһȻһ仯ûС
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⣬ȽžȻ˼ӲҲ̫˼ˡ
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ӵ˫΢΢һУ˵ȽŵĲʣӦò򵥣֪ĳֺϽ𣬻ʲôǴ򲻿ˡ
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÷񿴹ܿ˵ͷ϶ĵ
һͲǼΪģһ֮ʱ¶ߣ¶ȣԽ󲿷ֽڻġ
һڵȫﵽǼֵȫһˣʹܿ˳֣ҪһǿһҲˡ
Уԡ
÷Ҫԡ
ò˵֮ǰ÷ȫ׼ռ֮УҲ֪˶ٵװ͸
˺üĺţҵı֮ˣõµһƬռ䣬ΪһƬ𺣡
һ֮󣬾Ȼ̫ĽĽҲֻǽʯͷ֮ϣһɫ
ʹ֮÷ݣһǣĹȴģȻܽź俪
̫ʵˣһȽǴ򲻿ˣǿڿɽʯͨһ·
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÷ȫھˣȫԸ֮£ȴֻɽʯ֮ϣһĺۼȴҲֹһۼ
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ҡͷãһȽţʵ̫̣ʹҵҲ򲻿ɽʯݣȴҲȽ϶٣ͬΪ̣Ҫڳһͨȴס
÷ɣ֮Ժĵ֣ܿɲԣҪһ԰ɡ
Ǻðɡ
һ֮ӦҲ볢һ£ԼʯͷԲʲô
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ǿ̫ǿˡ
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ǿǰῴ
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΢һ֣÷ǳɽܺӵˣһˣ˫۵ɴ˼㣬г˲˼֮ɫ
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һƬɵĽ⣬ãȴһůһ̣رͼնˣͷ֮ϣˡ
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б仯ˣ仯ˡ
ڽһ̣÷۾һ𾪡ͬʱʮֵĸˡ
ԭˣԿ׵˼Ȼģ÷ˡ
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仯һˣڳˣʮָˣ˱仯һ仯ûУҪ̫ġ
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۵Ľ֮У֮ϣƲһһ㣬еĻת֮£ɵɫʱ֮С


535 
޴ĽϣŶˣԽԽǿʢˣâŶֱҫʹȸ֣ùâеˡ
ȴ۵Ĺâ֮£֮ϣһһʼкһСһ㣬ڻת
ʱţһС㣬𽥱ˣչˣΪһȽϴУתˡ
һ򣬻תˣеĴС𽥵һŻһСģһɲ֮ˡ
ǽȥ𣿡
ܿһͷˮʵ˵
Ӧǵġ
÷ͷ̫ȷ˵
ˣǽȥ
鿪ˣʼжˡ
ǰٲһֻҪӳ谭ӽ֮ϣв㽫һȥˣƵһ㣬Ͷ֮ڡ
һֵˡ
˵һ䣬Ǿٲǰ
΢΢һŲδ֮ʱΣѾӰ죬˹ȥûС
ʦܣô죿
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ϵһһɽ֮£һСĳǵϺɫˮҺɫʣȴʮ峺ϿȥһۼԿײ
һ߸Ļһʮ֮ãǣһȴʮ峺ʮָɾʲôûС
еϺɫˮֳһֱ̬ϸȥĻԿһ˿˿ĺ⣬ڳϿˣġ
ڳĵײһ¹úɫıʯͷɵһ¹˵ǹҲȷУһķϻӡ
һķķݣûڣֻһȴţһȽţʮ־޴һţɢ˽ӲӵĹâ
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ϵĽһǰչֶһƬ⣬ӳˣƬ⣬ˡ
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һɽ֮Уһȵذڣ޾֮һƬͺͺģֻеϵһɫʯԵʮֱ
һƬأȫޣԿտ֮Уǣڹȵ֮УһΪεĵطȻһȽš
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һ˵ˡ
ǰ
һʮͬ˵ˣϻ˵ˣԿóɡ
֣ҵġ
ȿڵӦһһбһƤֽ
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Ӻ«֮УһѪɫҺ壬һ䵽Ƥֽ֮ϣѪҺֽŵУһƬѪɫ
Ӻ«һκɫҺ壬ֳ֮ɫѪɫҪһЩ
ʺεһκɫҺ壬䵽Ƥֽ֮ϣɢ֮ʱɫȴ˲䵭ˣǳ˲٣Ϊ˵ĺɫ
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һƬŨĽ֮Уʮֲۣǣرͼչֶĺ⽻ӳģȴЩ⣬⾹ȻûзӦһ
һγһֺӦڽ֮ϣһһ̣ӦγһУǣȴûг͡
ϣɫվǱȽϵģǸΪǿҵģŨĽ⣬ӳһĺ⣬ѹƶˣγһֹƽ⡣
ʱ˼㵹«лĵһεεĺɫѪҺһƤֽŵģƤֽŶĺɫâԽǿʢˡ
ƤֽϵĺɫâԽŨˣγһãýչֶĺ⣬Ҳǿˡ


536 
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ҵĶȷʵ̫ܣһͨˣܵ𶯣֭³
˿̾͵ģͨˣȻûʲôоǱʾޱȣһоûС
𶯵ĸоʧ֮˫ƽȶˣǰһƬգȴһˡ
ʱ˫վ֮һƬ޾֮ϣһƬ޵ڣưƳжġ
һƬƬİƣڽ¶ѻˣһһĶԳΡ
İƣӣǣվϣȴеģ벻ģ
ң͸ɵһƽ棬͸ڣ黹Կ·ľ󣬾ܲȴ֪޾ǿ֮ϡ
·İƣ࣬վϣƴ̧ͷǿա
ͷ֮ϣ֪֮ԶȴҲ֪жǶУԵʮ財
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ˣǣʲô
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ҳ
㵽˭ҳ

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ǲǾ£Ѿ˳Ȼ𺳣ܹı֣Ѿˡ
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һֱı飬һֱʮֵκα֣ɭɭ飬ֵ˵˺ҲõһЩϵı˲١


537 ǹ
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ʵص˴֮У峺ͷ𵴡
Ļ䣬һеٴˣȻƽƽ֮ݣȴЩκ֮С
ҲˣҲǶǴ񽢵ԡ
쳹֮ʱ֮Уৡһ£һʣƾһ¶һâˡ
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Щ㣬һʼʱǳֳһµ״̬ǣھһҵ֮󣬾Ȼγһ˵ݡ
һͼչֶˣγһͷģ֮ʱԿͼ죬һһϡ
ԭԡ
΢΢ͷŻȻ
ԭǴ񽢵ԣֲûġ
ȻǴ񽢵ԣֲãֲð
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˵Լ֮󣬷ǳɽܡӺͽܿǣڳһе˲١
֪һѻеԷ֮ڲˣһĿ⣬׷ͶעԵϡ
һԣٴοˣ˵ˣӭλǰ񽢣ҪõǹĴУҪն
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541 Ѫս
һƬİĿռ֮Уһƽ̨˿ռ֮У֮ϵһſӣңڶӣһĽӷΪ롣
һط֮󣬶Էһƽ̨ڵһ߳ˣһ֮ײˡ
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꣬ʵҲԲģԳǼϣңڳǹϵ裬ȻҲ͵ġ
ڳǹϵ裬ʵڲͣһ֮ʱ֮ǹһֲ֮ƣȥˡ
ǹڲһ㣬֮Уһ˿˿Ĳƣɢˣײȥ
һߣһƽ̨֮ϣվŵһˣһ׺ݣͷϹһꡣ
꣬׶һͷ׶һ˺ۣббһ£Եʮ׶
˲׶ֵµʵһģʮǿᣬ˵γ֮ʱ׶Ѿˣ굽ǰ֮ʱˡ
ԹµӢ֮ƣһˣĳ֣Ϭնȥ֮ʱоˣüĲλһ˿Σˡ
ĳһնеĳǹԵߵɽѸͣһˣеĳȥ
顱һеĳǹޱ֮ƣеĳ֮ϣһ֮
ȫֱ֮֮еģһˣԳܲ˵ġ
һնȡһһзһɱƿԽ˺ѶƵġ
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ֳֳ볤ή꽻֮ʱ׶Ѿˣ׼ֳֳ֣걻ˣ׶ڳˡ
ήһǹˣĶ֮ʱ׶ڳˣҿһ⣬ǰˡ
׶꣬жȻһ֣һն֮ʱ˲þ޴ޱˡ
˫ִһ֮ʱһޱ֮Ȼˣɽ֮ƣնˡ
볤ήһȻռϷ磬ǣҲ˿ģϾҲܵ˾Ĵ
Ѿδ֮ʱ׶ˣóֽԷӦ
Ŀųûɵĵâնˣ֮ϵǿޱȣϵķâ̡죬ʮ
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⣬⣬Ȼˡ
ȻĻˣ⣬Ǻá
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ҾԲҲôֻǶȥˡ

ֽڳĲٵĳߣʮֿ־壬һЩ־ʮּᶨģֱ־嵽˼㡣
˲ͬ뷨ȴҲͬ־ҲͬʮֵǵģͬҲбж־ġ
еĶ־˳ЩһȫԴˣ׼һ˼ȫ֡
ֽ걻ɱѪȣڳˣ˲ͬķӦ߱˶־ʮֿ־壬ԥ
ϵķˣһ˶Ըˣһ֮£ģȻȡʤ
ܹվƽ̨֮ϵˣǸ֣ʵ͵ģҲǼϵĸ֣Ȼ󲿷ҲǼĸֻ֣кٵһ֣ʵŸǿ
ܹһعشءնһؿһأһİĿռ֮еģһǸ֡
ڶʵ֮ǿǾ춯صģһ֣λʯ쾪ÿռ𵴡
Ѫȵ֮£˵һˣǰֽɱ˵֣ͳ׶꣬ڸԵս֮Уˡ
ή꣬ҲˣΪںͳֽ֮ܵһЩˣܲأһ֮£Ӱ첻󣬵ǣ֮£ͬΪֵ֮УһĲܵȫ̽ġ
ԣսܿǰʱ򣬳ή꣬һս֮УԷˣֻɱˡ
׶꣬ʵΪǿӦôﵽǼ۷ĵزһǼ֣ʵʤһΪǿġ
Ϊǿʵף׶꣬ſ֮ʱŹ˺ü֣գܵ˲֮£űɱˡ


542 
Ծ֮˶֪һأȻʮѪȣȴû뵽Ѫȵĳ̶ȣﵽ˵ز
һؿʼ֮һѾˣﵽʮָ֮ˡ
ǹص̫֪࣬ǹĴУǰ̫ˣңиǲ١
ܹһصˣǼģһأȻҲٵģﵽ˽һ֮ࡣ
һ˵Ĳߣڻһʱʱ֮УѾﵽʮ֮֮࣬ߣ֪ġ
ʵһ֮УҲǲλ˳һ֮УоԼѾֲ֧ȥˣѡ˳
ǣʤһ˲䣬ʹʵʮĳսоһжʤġ
Ϊˣս֮Уʲ֮ߵģٸ֮ʱΪӦ׷ױɱˡ
ȴ˵ڶԷһƬ򣬴ڱȽϿмλãһڵ˷
ڵһƽ̨ԼٶȣԼΪǿһνʯ쾪һ㡣
һƽ̨ˣվķƣһǿڷڣˡ
ԵˣһһŮеһ뷢ڰٵߣһŮӣһŮӡ
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һն£Сءķˣһ˼ĵâ֮⣬նɱˡ
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ĺ籣ŮӵУһˣһһ㣬ǰˣŷȥˡ
ŮӺޱȵĳһ㣬һ֮ƣŷȥˣΪһһԣڷλδ֮ʱѾԴˡ
һޱ֮ƣȫȫˣ²̬֮ǾޱȵģһǼߣӦġ
ǣŮĹ֮ʱȴ׵Ķܶˣ˺һڷ֮Ųк籵Ĺȫ˿ȥ
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˫ԽԽŮӵĹԼˣеĳǵһնˡ
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һ㺮ǣǿ֮еǳڷǰɣһ֮£ȴʧˣٴγ֮ʱѾŮӵǰ

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һ̣ʹһεָͨһʯӺХˣһޱ̬ƣײһϣ߸׷ɶˡ
֣ӣʵΪǺãƽ̨İĿռ֮УԱһ


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һϵֵĴУǲͬ죬һأѾԳˣһս֮£ʬҰ
һȦȦ˵֮ʱʹǳɽܵʵҲЩܲסˣԷֵѾﵽ֮ࡣ
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ȻԼ뱻̭ôһҪñȥڳ֮ˣ඼Ǳ뷨
뷨һ֮߳ʱԷȻкüһ֣ңԽԽˡ
ܹߵһģɶǸ֣ʵҲﵽǼϣ򵥣໥֮Ϊ̫ʵзǳĲࡣ
һжѾʮּˣ࣬ת˲֮䣬Ȼﵽ֮ʱӦԡ
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ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣǳɽܺ˳䵭֮ʱǿĽ֮â͵֮âӷǳɽܽ䵭֮д
˵ǳɽֻҪһ㣬ҪǿĹϣʱʹҲҪܵشġ
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ͨͨ꣬˳ųһؿʣµˣܵѹʵС
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ͬʱ֮ϣʱһâǷĳ̶ȣһĽ


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΢վ˳˵ԣ֣ɱˣ̳߱㵱֮ˣʱһ̡
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ͬ⡣
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΢ֵһ˵Լ飬õһͬʣµʮˣ֮ͬ󣬷׷׶־ġ
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Ϊֳʵ˵ף΢һѣŻôͬҪһ֣Χɱ顣
ƽѶ˵Σ˱仯䱸ע׷׶ȥˣԵϣһɲ
佫󲿷ֵעϣȴҲԷһЩ䱸·У顣
ĿŵĽ䱸俴ȴΪ⣬ֻĿֱֱĿ顣
վһƽ̨֮ϣ۶һٶȾ˵Ľ֮ͨϣ˶Էȥڰ
ƽ̨˰;֮ʱУĪһֳֳ΢΢б£ɱ˹ȥ
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ǰһŮӣʮӣ൹ҲǿһϵıлңȴҲھʧ롣
г˴ĴָʹֵһһԲͲĶŮһó֮һťһһſŹ򣬵ˡ
ԲͲһˣһâˣ𣬹âԽԽˣѵʮִ۵ĵز
âᣬۼ𣬲ԽԽˣۼһ㣬˲ˡ
һſŹɣȴһ֮£׷ˡ
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ϸĽһſŹ֮ϣǧѣһſŹնϸ顣
һſŹ֮󣬽֮նȥŮշתŲǧ仯ȴȻ޷ֵ


545 
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һնɱŮ֮μǰеĳ΢΢һ̧һ˿Ľ˽֮ϣתݡ
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׺ݣԲԶԸǿһ֡
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546 ն
ͳ֣ɱλз֣ɱ˵зӪ֮ʱҲûһ߿ţҲȻˡ
֣ģǰҵĸλ֣߳ʹһӣλֻɱȥˡ
һ֣֮ˣӻɱ֮ʱǰһߣɱˡ
ڶ೬߶ԷѾˣǣǿ֮£ǸעˣڷķȻˡ
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ѹ֮ʣλߵע󲿷ּеϣӦôӦأʱ;ȥܷ
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547 
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һܱյķ֮гδԶ̶ľ֮ڷɴ֮쳹ˡ
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ӵ˸ߵǻۣԵķŭ֮⣬ֱһģһûʲôƵģһˣֱķŭлѵġ
ǣȴʮֵģ赭дĵʲôҺ̰ģ㻹ûи״ɣڣΪޡΪ⣬Ȼּۻۣɡ
ɫϸֳһ˿˿֮ɫеĳ̧𣬽ϵĽʱ׼նɱӡ
㣬㲻Ҫ̫ˣҲֻƶѡ
ԼУ˼
ߣƣ̫߿ԼˣҵҪһҪơ
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ͱԶԣȷʵеƫʵԽǿյĶԽ࣬Խ֮־Ҳᶨࡣ
⣬ʮᱻв־Ӽᶨ֮ҲһЩɳϵĸоοһϵͳȻвԼʮֲˬ
鲻ˬ͸Ҫùˣеıｻ鶨Ȼǲưոݵġ
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һŭĴ֮£ʡ
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ͷԼķŭ֮󣬷֮УһƬʢˣһߵ磬ڷ֮ߣҷɴܡ
һ˿һƵĵ⣬׵֮һ㣬ڷﵽҴܣʢԽԽǿ֮ʱǵҲˡ
һƬ⣬˷Բɵĵطڵǿʢ𣬹֮ʱһȻζˡ
һߵȻڷ֮УֶˣȷʵȽϴ󣬹ߣ»װһȻ
һȻȫֶ֮鵱ϳˣӦһ߻еսףɷһĻеսףһ߲ͬѰĻеսס
ߵĻеսһ֣һǿޱȵϢȶˣһֻѹѹȶˡ
һĻеսףȻȴǣһߵĻеսף¶Ϣǿޱȡ
һ߻еսףԿɳΪ۷ˣƾһ߻ףԸһЩѹʵ
⣬ʲôеսףôôϢȻǿ󡣡
ʮֲ죬ǾȲѣû뵽еս׵ϢԴﵽֵز
ʱеս׵һ˫۾ȻˣǶʯһ˫֮Уȼ˺ӲӵĻ棬·ǳ
ãܺãҵģһҪɱ㡣
ӻеս׵ĿУȻ


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һߵľ޴еսף˰֮Уڻеս׵ϣʮǿϢɢһֿˣڷת
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һһ۷֮деս׵ˣһֻƣһץ
еս˶֮Ըоõռ¶ȵ˲٣һ˿˿ĺӻеս׵֮Ϸˡ
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ƻδѾоһɼǿϮˣ΢΢̧ɿ֮ƣ˻еս׵ơ
һһСƣɱ㣬ССһֻƣǾ޴ƵĶ֣ǣʵǲͬġ
飡
һһСƣײһ𣬵һ죬մһһ㣬񱬵ڻеս׺֮䣬໥ˡ
ڻеս͵һ֮£һľ׮һ޴ˣε˵£ϥǲλ£ȫû˵ذ֮¡
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޴Ļеսףһҵ컨֮ϣһȻ֮һը֮쳹ˡ
һ֮£컨ϣһεĿӶʹ컨ϵĻ׷飬һС顢һСġ
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һγ֣һצץ֮ʱޱȵһе¶ȣӺˣ˲֮䣬¶Ѿ͵һ͵ĵز
¶һͣһܵ͵¶ȣ˸о˺䣬ͬʱڻеս׳֣һצץ֮ʱһƬƬѩƮ䡣
һ˿һƣһƬƬѩڻеսһץ֮ʱƮˣѩһ£˵֮ϣȻ˽ơ
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޴Ļкеǿ󣬿ǿᵽ˼㣬̺֮һƻԲġ
޴ĻһըγɵĻˣȻһƬһ㣬Ǿ޴Ļеսף˲ֵС
һը֮ԼΪǿᣬԷٽǣеսס֮ȴûܹκεˡ
һ֮ջеսףûıˣ΢ġž·һŻڷľͷһ㡣
ǿʲôԷմˣǣԻеսȴһ취ûС
еս֮ϣһɵĹâ˸ˣĺԽŨҶûеս׵ı棬һ˪
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ֵ֮ʱǲҵһȭϻȭ֮ǿɺһ㣬ȭɷһС
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һһеս֮䣬ʵ̫ǿˣǿŵ֮ϣһȭһצ֮䣬һ֮
ǿޱȵȭͷͻеս׵צӴһ𣬱㱻޾Գ壬Ӵϡ
顭
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һһ£նͻеս׵Σÿǰһ֮еıը֮ԽǿĽˡ
Σվ˵֮ϣ̩ɽһ㣬ʵ˫֮δرĵ棬пն
еսͷ½ϣȫ֮кˣǧﶥѹµˡ
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ӲĴպǽڣڿ񱩵֮£Ȼһһ飬Ƭɡ
಻ı֮Уһ䷿ݵıڣȫݻˣӶ֮ʱǷһ㣬һжˡ
һ߻еսף˵ãһĻеսףʵǿ̫ˣս֮ǿԿȶĻеսף۷ס
۷ףʵȻǿޱȣͨ߿ɼģʹ飬һս


550 
һ߲˳ߵˣһɸߵĻеսױȽϣʵڲɱǾ޴ĻеսףֻҪ΢΢һ˱㽫ˡ
ǣ˵ʵǿһЩеսףʵΪǿ֮ǿƾ춯ء
һһеս׵սǿޱȣȻһ˼ĵز໥ײ֮ʱ·һ㡣
֮ʱǿϯײ˷ɴ֮ϣ֮ǿǿﲻƵģɴһЩ̵ǽڣ׷ױѶˡ
ڷɴ֮ݺ޼ʣϵĽ棬һһ㣬֮ǿ𺳡
Բ﷽ԲһҾ޴ķɴб˴ڻ𣬱ը֮ǿ÷ɴ֮Уһ󶴣õ÷ɴֹ
ȥ
Է쳹֮󣬾޴ĻеսףӷɴϷһˣһȦȦεķ֮粨һ㣬ɢˡ
Ͽջ£һ̩ɽѹ֮ƣӿˣڻеս׵˫֮ϣ֪ʱһƣĻˡ
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£ʹ֮Уǿѹ֮ص˼㡣
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еսΪһ۷ף׵ʵ֮ǿǾ춯صģһ֣һǲ
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ǿһƣʹɵ֮УҲƶһġ
һǿߣԽ֮ƻǣ֣һ֮ʱȻ֮ˡ
һӽƻ֮˫ֹԺɨǧ֮ƣŻеս׻ȥˡ
ش֮У֮һֱŻеս׵ȥˣգ֮䣬˻еս׵Ųλ
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شһµˣΣǿתŷɳˣҪ󷽵һǽ֮ʱһת˫ǽڡ
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һȥ˫ڵһ֮ǰƶˣһٶȣٶǰȥˡ
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˫֮ϣ޾۶ˣ⣬˫֮Ϸˣеսȥ
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飡
˫ƣվײˣһ֮УһЩꡱһ㱡ı㣬ˡ
˫ĺɨ֮£˲Ϊ˷мѩһ㣬ˡ
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ѷԽԽ󣬳Ϊͨ˴ʮܼ֩Ѻ֮࣬һٽ֮ʱڱˡ
һ֮£еսѸķѶˣŲλֱӷΪ߰ʮ飬֫ɶȥˡ
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ĪҪ֣Ī֣
еս׵ͷ­֮УԾʧĳ֣Լһˡ
еսһ֣Լֶ֣֮ǿ֮ݣһҲ飬ɱԼ
˺ݶǲ֪еս׵ݣڽ֮󣬻еս׵ݣڸˮˡ
ԭΪ۷׵ĻеսףȻǹеķɴ֮УռλƿػеսףҲ֡
֮ϣâɺɱأ֮ǿӰ﷽Բ֪֮
гǰ΢΢һͣâ֮⣬չ¶ţе˻еս׵ͷ­֮ϣһеĳ£ͷ­Ȼըѡ
Ҫ֣벻Ҫ֣ǧ
Ϊеս׵ͷ­һԵİ֮ˣ֮
ߣڲס֣뵽̫𣿡
֮ϣ¶һ˿Ц֮⣬ζеĳĽ⣬ڻеս׵ͷ­֮ϻζʱ£ʱвԵС
˵ֻϵͳϣûģǣͷĴڣѾǻۺ͸Ĵڣ˵Ҳ١
Ļͻе֮⣬ͷԴΪ־壬Ȼһʱˣ֮󣬲ٴĵˣңһرġ
رʲôö
Ŀһ鵭˵ǧ˵ʲôǹĴУȻ㣬ǹ֮Ȼңֵ֤ͱҲˡ
һ˵ţ黹һζеĳϵķâ֮⣬ڻеս׵ͷ­֮ϻζв֮⣬չˡ
ֵУС
ͷæ˵
Ϊһԣ̰زò˵ͷԣһ⣬˿Цá
֮УΪǱܵģǣͷȴͬϾֻ࣬һϵͳ


551 ǿ
һ۷ĻеսףʵǿޱȣѾﵽϵߵĳ̶ȣ֮Уɳưһˡ
ǿ֮УռݵĵλͣһЩߵʵǿռһưһڣ޼ɡ
ǿǿƼռһطǣ߿ԴƿƼ¢ϣ֮ƽ£֮Զġ
ԿƼΪʵǷ߿֮ƽ£ɼˣ۷棬
һ˵еսʻģһЩرѵĻ֮ʿԦеս֮ʱԲǿһЩڼԦеս׵ĳߣ
ҲûмʶеսʿǣЩеսʿʵȷʵޣһЩ谭ʮּѡ
֮£ܹһǿĻеսףԼԦģʵڳ֮⡣
ͷԣֻһϵͳȻ飬ңûãʵչֳǸǿġ
ʹǿĻеսʿսǿվʦĳЩ棬伫ޣɷվԴﵽǷ켫ĵز
ֻϵͳȴǾеϵͳȻĿƿһǿĻеսף˸ִﵽ۷ļɡ
۷еս׵ͷͬѰͷĲٿַȻԴﵽһ˼״̬ʵõ޶ȵķӡ
ϧ۷еս׵ʵǿֵ£վǲһЩһٻƣ֮䣬Σһ˲䡣
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вǰͷԻ˵һʮ־ϢȾû뵽ġ
Ҳ֣޶˹ӵǻۺ͸֮Լȡ֣Ϊʱù֡
ң뵱꣬޶˹Ҳһλ֣ǿ֮У𻷵ϵһǿᳬߣΪﵽϵĳ̶ȣһƵ
𻷵ϵǱͲϵ߼һϵ˵ʮ˵ãϵиڶ࣬ĳ̶ҲҪһЩ
꣬Ϊһϵĳ֣ƽڶ켶Գ磬Ŀܾǰˣȴ·زۣ³޶˹еķ֪˵֮Уз߷߲ƽ֮⡣
Ŷ˵ǧǰ㻹һˡ
ЦЦ˵
޶˹Ȼ˵Ȼҵڵ۹֮УΪһĵһ֣ν˲ģǰ;ܱá
޶˹ĻԻͣǿģܱΪһĵһ֣޶˹ʵ֮ǿʵϣѾȵһĸˡ
ģӵϵΪʵǰ;ȷʵһ۳ɳΪľ֣¾ˡ
ϵĳߣʵѾһߵĵزΣޱȵǿ֮УΣǣȴܵʱơ
ϵĳʵǿʵԵֵߵʴԵֵ籩Ϯȴվ޷䣬ԼԶ
ǿ֮УһʮΣյĵطƵǣ£޷䣬켶ľǿ֮£ΨǿշɴſԶĺС
ϵ켶ȫһˣڳ˵ʵһ˵ԾǨһ춯صı仯
켶ĳߣ˼壬ǳ߿ʼ۳һأ൱һأΪṩ
켶ĳߣ㹻ǿ󣬿ɳ֧ŵʱ乻ʹ޵ǿ֮УҲԳʱ䣬˵ȻԱƼķɴ
˵ߵΪʵϵ켶һʵĿԽˣ켶ǿߣһ֮Ըɵһ弶ǿˡ
ϵ켶һʵĿԽһҲ֮Ӧ磬綴켶һɼҾ硣
ɷɣһʵĿԽе֮Ҫʿ۳ֻһ֮Ϊ죬ء
ڷ˵УѾɼҴˣֻǣԼ֪ĺֻ̤ɾˡ
ϸ˵ȻǷˣɷ֮𣬱صɣֻγɣԳһƬأɾ֮塣
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ͬΪϵĸ֣ȴǿֵ֮ģǹϵ۷ĸ֣붴켶ֻа벽֮ңˣսǿᣬʹǹʵﵽһ˼ĵز
޶˹ͬϵĸ֣Ϊǹ̫࣬ǣսȴ˲١
һսǹ޶˹ɱ֮޶˹Ȼûгһʶǹ׽ȥ
ϵĸ֣ѾˣʹҲһʱ𣬴һʱ䡣
˵ǹҲǺñ£Ȼ޶˹һɾ񲨶׽עɴ֮С
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ɽΪħһ㣬ӵиĳԣԿƼֶֶΣǹ˵ľ֮УǻۺеֶΣɱħˡ
޶˹֮УһӴ໥ںϣǧȥĺгͳһˡ
޶˹ȡԭԣԣӦ˵޶˹ԣӵк˽Ұĵԡ
ǹŵʱ޶˹ûа취ȫѹƣʵʵΪһԴڣǹ飬ɴ
ʮơͲʣ޶˹ȴҲûʲô취ֻǿˣûǸģԸԻٳʧ֮䡣
ңΪ֮Ҳȫûкô٣бˣٵԪ㣬ʲôʱˡ
ΪһʶĴڣ޶˹޾ģϵǧҪˣһϳˡ
Ȼ޶˹еٲ˵ģ룬ԼɱĻ㲻ãѾΪ켶ǿˡ
лںޣǹ֮޶˹ԾˣжΪûָˣǣδûķ֤֮
֪˶ʱ䣬޶˹һ۷еսǰһսķѵһ߻еսס
۷弶Ļеսףսޱȣʹ޶˹ȫʢ֮ʱҲٵģ˻еսףһս


552 
˲֪ʱ䣬޶˹Ŵһ۷ĻеսףȻֲ֪˶ʱ䣬ŽԼʶ뵽˻еս֮УۼҪ󹦸ɣһķʽˡ
ǣȴ˱ʣеսױˣ޶˹衰ʬ뷨ʧˣˣܴһ
ǰ޶˹ֻˣʲôֵİǧǰǹܲū֮Ѿˡ
ˣǿһʱǵ԰ɣҴǿգպʲôͣһΪһ壬Ļ
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Ȼ޶˹Դڵڣǹ֮ȻԴĴ֮ɼˡ
ŶȻɵñȴ֪ںδ
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553 ͻ
ǿղ󣬿ޱߣ̺޾ϵ֮ǳкǡǡǡǵȵȣҲ֪жǳ
嫣޾ÿһǳÿһиԵ֮иԵϵͨȵȣһ㡣
ԵϵͳԲĳߵļȻͬǣ󲿷ֵޣȴֹǼᱻԵơ
һƬ½һ򣬻һ򣬸ֳߵվм޵ģ뿪̶ǿա
Ǽ֮Уֻһûмޣﵽ֮ʱǿ֮УΣһ֮Իա
Ψһһˣȡ޾ǳȻóߵʵﵽһ˼ĵز
˵ǿ֮Уǳ࣬Ӧ޾ģʮǿᣬǣΪǿ֮У籩ʮǿŰϫǳòԡ
ʶǧ磬ǧ棬ǧֵԴеġ
֮ҲʮģԴһߵĽޣǣǿ֮У֮ܵѹƣԳͷ
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СȷʵһУʮַӣǣУöǲٵģûжıһЩ߶˵ķǲٵġ
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ǣ֮Уɼһ澰ӿ쳣ɸһƵѩ䵽ȴƾʧһš


554 
ʵ֮ѩƮ㣬ʮ﷽ԲÿһطȴΨվ֮Բ֮أһѩƮ䣬һ澰ˡ
ˣ֪ǷϣһʲôĪ֮ü֮أڶѩһɨ֮ʣռƶŤˡ
ռֵŤУһĽ֮ʱ֮ǿ𾪡
֮һεĻȼգеѩȫɨڻʧ֮С
ңɨΧ֮أռ𵴺Ťɼһ¶ϲɫ
֮ԽǿˣõôеĿռ䣬Խˣָ컻ء츲صĸо
Ť֮УһߣڴӶѩ߽֮⣬һƬǬӡ
ȴδһ֮ʱ˱ʷһͽڴݺᣬ»ɱ
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켶ĸ֣ǿ֮УǿԳưһĸ֣ʵ֮ǿֱǾ춯صģ֮䣬ǿԸһĴڡ
켶ĸ֣ʵǿޱȣҪɱѶ֮󣬿֪ġ
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һűǰ֣鲻ټڴҪ飬ص֮ʱ΢ԳһЩۼ
׽Щۼ˳ƳնÿһĹ켣նЩۼرƳԽˡ
࣬γ˴ε֮ƣһźۼԽԵƳˣƵ˵֮ʱڼһò
һȭͷС£ֵۣ֮һְ͸״̬ңǴ͸͸ʮ֮ߣΪһƵġ
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ֳɫȭͷС£һԴͷɢ޾Ƴϫһ㣬й̶Ĺɡ
һȦȦƲһɢ֮ʱڴ֮У϶ʹýҪĴԽȹ̶ˣøǿ
أԣӦýŶԡ


555 ·
һȭͷСɫ£ػǶ죬˵һֵø˵һ顣
һļֵʮ֮ߣмУǮ򲻵֣ɼһǰȻϲ
һѽȭͷСĶץУо¶Ļһֱֵʮ飬¶Щ֮ɫ
ֶ죬ֵʮ֮ߣҲģΪԴΪ
ֶҪ;ȴǹϵĳƿ֮󣬿ԳΪԽ켶Ҫһ
ǿ֮УΪʵﵽϵĳߣһǲ٣ȴҲ֪ϵǿߣϵĸ߶ȣҲܴˡ
ϵ켶֮Ĳ࣬ʵ̫ˣɷ֮ҪԽȥȴûôס
ƾʵ۳ҲԿΪؼһǣ²ûдˣа취ȥ߽ݾ
˵ĶŪ֮ΪãһܺõķԿԽһһ졣
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˵ֻҪֱȺڶĵط϶ҵģصĵطûϳֱ
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ͼȴֺ޴һȥ֮ʱ·ͼڿתϱ󣬽Ըһ
ڰͼУһϥγ˱׼붨̬˫΢΢ϣһֳĸоȻȻɢ˳
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ÿһߣ۳Ķ죬յĵطǣҲԼĹ
ΪÿһߵĲͬÿһ켶ĸ֣۶Ķ죬٣һЩͬĵطЩͬǾԵġ
පĳߣʵ飬ͬĶ죬໥һ໥֮ǿǾ˵ġ
һǿһССĶ죬Ҫ֮࣬࿹ģԣʹһ֮䣬ų֮ȴ̫ǿ
ǣ켶ĳһַУֶζԹԶԺ֮ʱĶԲСġ
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Ȼʮף˽ͨ͸֮黹ϸ˼ˣҪ˼Լĵ·Ӧѡ
ϵĳߣߵ߷ʿ붴켶ɣֻһ֮ңˣֻҪһ̤Դ֮بǿ֮С
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Ҫ֮ҲҪ˼ĵ·ǰ;һ·ǰ;Ȼ֮Ȼʮ׵ġ
еĳߵĶ죬һԲطΪݣеĳߵĶ죬ɴǿ֮Ϊģ棻еĳߵĶ죬ǽ˷ӿĴ󺣡
֮вͬÿ˵ĵ·̥ڸԵ⣬γɵĶ죬ʵҲвġ
ٿһΣǷ©ĵط
ϥȻ飬һָǰˣָ֮ϣһĹâƼһ㣬䵽ȭͷСĶ֮ϡ
һĹâһȭͷСĶ֮ϣϵĹâ貶ˣһƬɫĹâԽˡ
·ţһɫ΢һЩеĲԽԶˣԶΪģչγɽˮ֮
ɽˮľ֣ڷԲĲռ֮УѻôĵòδԵӵһЩ


556 
ɽˮɽˮ㣬ķ羰ѻ˷ԲķΧ֮ڣȴԵӵȻȻĴ䣬ʤˡ
켶ĳߣʮսǿޱȣǣ۳Ķ죬ȴûô
Ҳ࣬أɾ֮ڣûô죬һ޵ơ
ʱеһ죬һĶ죬ֻзԲһط
ôһһطǿ֮У֮ϣʲôڳߵĶ˵ȴʮ
ԲһطҲȥֲɽˮ㣬ҪǣһʮŨһĪһûм
֮治УԪȵȣֱָ֮࣬Ǿ˵ġ
ʹǳԹģ˸̬ǣȴҲδ֪
֪ȴҲûʲô鼴۶أȻǿӡеɽ磬֮гҲȻ
΢΢˫ۣȻˣ˫֮ʱէȻһĨֶˣһûǣȭͷСĶ죬ȴ˷Ӧ
ȭͷСĶ죬ɫĹâڵ˸ģĿ棬һ棬ȫչֶˡ
һβһһ죬еĵ˼Լû֮ʼԼء
ǰȥᴥɢĿռ䲨鷨ת֮£ָǰ΢΢֮ĳɡ
ָڲңõ֮У޵ĲǸԽԽˣȻܹӰ쵽ˡ
֮򣬿ռ֮ԭںһģֱ˴ˣҪ֮룬ʮּѡ
ǣһ㣬һĸع򣬿ռɣժ˳
ֿռɣ֮޷Ŵ󣬵һĵزȻڣһֲռɲ
һռ䲨ڲˣ·һԭ㣬Ȼը˿ӿȣȴϢ
һ㣬ռϵһ㣬ը˿ռĲȴһС֮ڡ
·ڣַ·𲻴ڣڣȴֲڣһ֮У𽥳ͣǣһأˡ
֮ͬУһСһˮ֮УһСݣˡ
سˣһصֻ߼ӣǣվˡ
켶ĳߣɼˣʵȻʮǿᣬԿԳΪһǣ˵Ҳֻǳǰ֮С
۶켶ǿߣɼˣһʼ̤ʱ򣬸۶ĶأȻȻȽСġ
ԣ۶ֻ߼ʱ򣬲Ϊ棬ҶģҲδر˲ͬ
ˣصţҲʮּѵģҪʱţӣңȻ̫
ǰһȭͷСĶ죬ƲһֻȭͷסӣʵĿռ䣬ǲСзԲ
ϸ˵ԲһƬطʮֿ㣬ǣһ˵ѾСˡ
Բһ죬ҲȻǶ켶ϵǿߣ»۶ģһʼ۶ĲԲߵĵطŵ˷Բûǧʱ䣬Ǿġ
ǧʱ䣬ſӵһԲĶ죬ŵٶȣԲˣһЩͨȡֶεٶ켶ǿߣٶȻġ
ͨȡɵֶΣٶ켶һʼ֮ʱӵеĶ죬Ȼ۵ˣ˲٣ǣʹӴҲԵġ
൱һС趯޴ޱȵսսĹǿǿޱȣǣСȴս
ʹսǿܱ趯𣬲ܷӳĻȴҲûãеġ
һͨȡɵֶΣٶ켶ĸ֣ڼʹмΪǿĶ죬ȴʹ൱С趯սˡ
ȡɶɵĶ켶ֱ֣׶ˣܲˣΪѳɣվһͨǿߡ
һСɵأһɶ֮ʱչֶϢԿԸӦٶȣԽԽǿˣζʱ֮ڣ㵽һΪǿĵز
ϵƣһʮǿĳ̶֮󣬱㽥ȶܣһŤ֮޵ɢš
Ϊֹʵǳȶ֮ʵȹ˫֮ʱУɼһ˿˷֮ɫ
ʹϣѾ಻˼Ҳ༫õǣܹ˽ޣ֮ǼΪ˵ġ
ΪʵͻƣֻһЩʱ䣬֮ȹʱ;ȥע顣
ڷɴĿƲȫϢΧǿյѤ󣬳ǰһƬ֮Уһſںڰиֶˡ
ǳ׺һƬɫĻһռ֮УɴԼٶȿ֮ʱɼЩǹһ㡣
һſڷɴ֮ʱ·ǻʣ貣ǿ̵ĹʵǴ˿Եֵġ
޶˹ǵ
΢΢ͷſ˵棬Ϊ졣
Ϊˣ˴Ļ֪˭˵ˣڿƲлص
ˣѾ쵽𻷵ϵˣг̱㵽ˡ
죿컹죬㲻᲻ʶɡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬Щ˵
Ӧ졣
޶˹Ӳӵˡ
ûи죬˵죬졢죬һ˵ûһ׼
һ˵鷴Ӳˣһ֮£˵
չزһȭͷСĶ죬۳ԼصĹ֮У޶˹ΪԵɴһֱǿзɳۡ
޶˹õǹĴкͱأһϺõɴȻ䵽С
ò˵һɴȷʵǰĴɴҪӸ߼Ͼ֮弶ġ
ǿ֮Уһʵڲʲôû߳ȷʵǿ࣬ǣǿֱֵһᡣ
ǲޱ޼ʡûоͷǿռһϯ֮صҲ弶ϵġ
ֻ弶ǿ֮Уǿվס˽ţǿһϯ֮أԾӪһССľҲֻ弶ſԷӳһ
ûе弶ϵ㲻˽磬˽棬ЩˣȴҲûеġ
ӹе㲻ֵ˼Ҳϣأʶڲͬأԣ޶˹һȰ˵֮£һǰ𻷵ϵ


557 ǿյһ
ӵ߳Īɵ۹ûж೤ʱ䣬ʶûγϵͳһ˽⣬Ҳô룬һждڸʱȥֺ˽⡣
֮£ѡӦͲϵ֮Уͣʱ䣬˽ĸϸ²Ŷԡ
޶˹֮£ȥ𻷵ϵˣǸӹһƬء
𻷵ϵΪ弶ͲϵһЩǿ࣬Ǻʵġ
ңֻн𻷵ϵһЩӴǿеһЩĶǿƼȵȡ
ʱ䣬һζˣɴ˽𻷵ϵһ޶˹ĿУĶ֮ʵһϵ鵱˲ͬ
˵𻷵ϵж㡢೤ʵһϵʮַ٣һķ٣ǵ˼һַ١
ԿŸոս𻷵ϵķɴ֮зж°ĸ߷ʱڣ·ϵĳ
𻷵ϵΪλд޶˹Ľܣһϵ״أʮһ˿󻷵д
һϵĹ㲩𺳵ģ˵Уǿգûʲôͬ
˵򣬾ķչƼҲʮָĵز߳ǰͻǣ˻ס
ǣȻû̫߳ϵ˵ϵˣϵһƤëδ̽
ĸ£˵ϵĹϵͲϵ߽𻷵ϵʹв𣬲Ҳ̫ġ
һϵޱߣԶ壬˵ϵԿȫĻһӣبʡ
Ͳϵֵȴ֪ģǰҲûд
ǽ𻷵ϵ״ƶģԿȫضԷ֣һϵһ˿󻷵һ㡣
˽𻷵ϵȴζţ͵ĿĵأΪ޶˹ǿƼ֮£ǰǧˡ
ڻŵʱ޶˹һǧ֮ˣԣǿҽ飬Ҫǰǧˡ
ǧһ弶ǿյ֮У㲻ϼǣҲһĴڣǿռһϯ֮ء
˼壬ǧǧɵˣǧȻָֻǣǧȴǧŵģֹ
ɸɵˣ٣ÿһһ򣬻Ƽ򣬻ʮ϶𣬱ӵǧˡ
ǧɵǧˣʵǲڽ𻷵ϵҲһĪɵ۹Ҫǿ̫ġ
ǧ˵׶һǧǵΪһǧ֮УھáκĻĵһ򣬲ʮַٲʢʮǿġ
ǧ֮УǧеҡɺһЩʵǿĸ֣Ҳһǧ֮ϡ
ǧǣĵһ飬ȥУνǿյһУ鲼ǿյÿһطǧ֮ϣзС
ǿյһУųǿ֮£һȵУɲ˵ʵ֮ǿԳ˵
ÿһÿһ۹ÿһȻԼУϵһЩңԼУǣЩֻڸԵΧ֮ڣȽϺʹǿ֮Уδô
ǿյһУʲôʱ򴴽ģȷʵ˵пƬǿ֮Уӵģɼˡ
һУб鲼棬δؿԱ鲼ǿյÿ䣬ֻһЩ˹ģ֮УŻзУǣǷΧ֮㣬Ȼ˱𾪡
ǿյһ־ͷУҲ弶зУļַܹУ
ǿ֮УĻͦмֵȻЩǿУǿյһеȡ
Щȫǿնʮ֮⣬һЩߵĹһеУҲȽϼͦ
⣬һЩһ֮ԹҺĻңЩҺķΧ֮ڣԣһΧǵˡ
ЩҺһˣٶĻңǲõģԣһЩͼĸֻ֣Ҫȥ˸߼棬ܻὫԼеǮƣɸ߼ҡ
ǹˣ꣬ڵǧ֮󣬵뾡취ǧ֮УԼĲƲתǧˣֻûлǧ˵ĻңǻǿյһеĻҡ
λҪ֪ͼĻңɸ߼ĻңɲתģжȵƣԣǹǮƣǿյһеĻңѵʱ䣬ʵ̡
޶˹֪ǹʺ֮УвǮƣǡõõʺţЩǮת
Ȼ鲻̫ЩЩӽǮ˼ǣǮҲ֣ҪԴͬҪǮơ
ɴͣǧǵ̫ոۣһҷɴʮֲӣһްˣǣ̫ոеɴ֮Уȴۡ
ǧǣ޶˹Ĵ֮£磬ǰУûѶٹ򣬱һ޴Ľ֮ǰ
һߵĸ¥²ٲ֮ߣһţƵĸ¥ãʹǧǵһǳ֮УҲǶĽ
⵹ʮģϾǿյһУеľްԣʵ֮ǿƾ춯صġ
һУ￪УȻһƣٿѵġ
ǿյһУǺɡ
ͷһۿͷɫ΢֮£̾˵
޶˹֮УѾ֪ǿյһУȻ˲ģʱǿյһеһУƣ𺳵ġ
߽֮УɼԵӭС㣬һ˵ӭ١
߽еĴɼǲ٣ģû˰ˡ˼˵ĵزȴҲˡ
ǧΪһ弶ڵһ٣˵УУʮҡ
Խ쵽弶Щж򵥣ÿһǿյһľްԣǣȴҲ̫ġ
ôУǿ֮Уôɼһеͷ˵˲á
һһλװŮ˹һһŮǿ˵ͷ
ʲô԰𣿡
Ůʵ
˵ǿյһпһͷתˡ
õģ롣
Ů룬̬ʮֿ崺֮С
ڸŮӵĴ֮£һС֮ǰŮ΢Ц˵Խȥˣʲô׵ĵطҡ
õģ֪ˡ
ͷƿţ˽ȥ
һʮСķ䣬ƽ״С֮пһֻһķ̫ȴеķ壬еԵӡ


558 ζ
ãҪʲô񣿡
һûʲôӦǸķƵƵ£Ѿ
ָ߿Ƽȷʵ˾棬龭ǿգҲʶˣټϴ޶˹࣬ԣʮֵ
뿪һ˻һ˻
鵭˵
ǿյһµ˻ʵƵ˻˻ʵƵ˻Ҫǿյһккϵſ԰쵽ġ
ǧ˵Ĺ񣬻ǼϵҵĹǿյһ֮пʺţʵơ
Ǽµ߹ңͷǣǿյһеϵͳ֮УҲݵģԣʵǲܵģֻп˻
ʵƵ˻ɸӰȫֻбԽȡĲǲԴġ
˻ӷһЩʲô㹫Ҫʽʲôģ˻Ǻܲģԣɴһ˻ˡ
ǿյһеķ񲻽ٶҲ죬ӡеĳЩжֱЧ̫ˡ
˻֮ķٴ˵ˣʣʲôҵҪ𣿡
˵תˡ
꣬ǹǿյһдǮʵƵ˻˻ֻҪʺź룬ȫתʡ
ʺʲôľͲ˵ˣ˲ã룬һֺĸ룬ңֺĸи֣ԻУΧܹ㡣
ڶͫ룬ĸ壬ֻҪ۾ͻͫףԱƵġ
룬Ե粨룬ԱƵһֶжԵġ
ʺŵͫԵ粨룬һǾ˵ͫ׺Ե粨Ҳҵģԣ֮ƽ⣬Բ
ϵǮת˹٣һٶǿձңĺУʲôǣ˵ȴһ֮ˡ
߳ǿյһ֮ʱ鲻ʱһֱֳĬ޶˹ˡ
ˣм飬鷳֪ɲԡ
˵ɣʲô£
鲻Ҳһ޶˹
ˣ뿪ǧ˶꣬Ҳ֪ѻڲڣ˰æһң֪ɷ񡣡
޶˹˵
Сϴأδë˥˵ĹѾܹıˣ˵ǧǰȥˡ
ĺųƵǧ꣬ǧʱ䣬ʵ̣ʱתһУ¶ıˡ
д뷨ȴ˵ǧˣԼҲûʲôȥ޶˹Ҳûʲô
ðɣҿ԰㣬ֻǣǧȥһУܹ٣Ͳ˵ˡ
ȸһԤ롣
޶˹˵û£Ҳ֪ҵǵϣֻǣȥһңвǾ£ɡ
ϴǽҪȥ
飬ĽŲ仺ˣʵ
Цһ֮ƣߣȥһ١
ĸȤĵðÿԳǧ˵ʳ
ʳᾫڲϸ䲻һλңǣһЩʳǻƫġ
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Ա˵
ͷĵû⣬·ɡ
ϵ¥һСᣬСᣬ̫󣬵ǣ˴棬Կտġ
ʮƽףֻмλãһӣһſ˸˵ӣʱֻͷˣԲһߡ
ϵĲˮСʲôľͲ˵ˣһ˵עģһصĲƷǲ١
˵һһҳ¼ĲƷҲǧ֮࣬ÿһֲƷּصļͽܣҲͼƬ
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Ļƽ𺣰ʵ̯һ󽭣ʵǰˮиһˣٱýԵʵǵ
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ԣĲˣζõĲˣƼɡ
Ҳ²˵
ÿһطɫˣźԱҲһˣСȰȵģһ˵ʮɫ
ò˵ԱƤλ٣ٵģڱʮ֮󣬾ֹͣȻСȰȵģ˵ȥ
ˣˣҪ˵ˣ⼸˺ˣ
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֣ĺˡ
Ա˷ܵӦһȥˡ
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ÿϲһ£ҲζȴҶţһ㣬һֻ㣬˿
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鳢һڣ̾˵
֮Ҳͷ˵ţȷʵƼζ
ˣζϺõζͷ䲻ңǣȴҲζ֮С
ÿҸʲô
үĲУѾˣǿ¥ģòͣǲܰϰ
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Ҳܣᣬ죬Ҫˣҿ˭ҡ

֮⣬˳֮ɫòɿңҲԽԽˡ
ȻֻŰˣȴԲֹˣŲвʮˡ


559 
֮˰֮ʱѾߣüͷ΢΢ˡ
һֻ̣áѵһţһ˿һ£ʮˡ
ʮˣΪһһװĵˣĲ̫ߣȴʮţʲ
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꣬װ俴ƱȽ⣬ϵķװȴƣֵơ
Щƣǲ̫˽ģԵϵһЩƷװ̫˽⣬˵Ǽ֮еƷװˡ
鲻֪ȴ֪޶˹֮£֪ݿ²򵥡
ô£
黺վüͷ΢֮£ʵˬ¶š
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װĵ꣬Ǹ
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ֻʮδ֮һȦȭͷڲ˼ĽǶȣȥʮӣԴ˳ȥ
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ߺɫ߰ĺݶԼЩδ󺺵Ϊ֣һ㶼ģȭͷϵۻޱȡ
ÿһȭһδ󺺵֮ϣһȭӡͷ֪˶ٸȻһʱûȴҲش
ʮδ֮𲽣һȥˣϿʼֳЩŭݣɱڣ˸ݡ
㣬ʲô㣬㣬㲻Ҫ
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564 ڵ
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ǣһնӭ˿׹µʯ֮ʱδӴʯȵĻ棬Ѿյľ޽ͨ죬ϼ
Űһľ޽ͨ죬׳ֽƣð΢΢̣һֽҪڻ̬¶ˡ
ȼŻʯԽԽ޽ϻ̬Խˣʼ΢ڻĺۼ
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˵˫Ľ飬ֻΪǧǵػߣΪңȻˣҵȻСͬʱΡ


صĵ㲻ͬװӺŮӣӵʵ˹֮⣬ҵĴ⡣
ΪһңҵĴУȱ˾ֵ򣬼ʹǶ켶ľ֣Ҳϵ۷ĳߡ
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567 뿪
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Ḷ́Ҫʱ䲻̣µʱȥ֮󣬱ϵķâ´ıҪһ
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˶ͷɵһƬǿգΧǼģսƵǿշɴʻǧ֮󣬽ʮգδгǧ˵Χ
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ʹսʻٶȣҲȲ׷Щɴ˵ҲЩңȻصĻʻ
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֮ϣǺƲ㣬һ̶ֳȵƲʣƸǶҪĳ
ʱ˿̣ڸ߿֮ϵƲʣȴǺһƣһ̿ʽڸ߿֮С
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ʮ콫ǰվżλڲ֮ͬˣһúӧǹŲȷ֣ϻһԲǬȦ


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ħĽְ˾Ƿ˳һְ֣˾һֱǿᡣ


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칬еĵΣ鲢ϤҪߣץסɣһ׵顣
ʱʮϣѧһЩ仯֮ʹɷʮ䣬׵öࡣ
ʹǵɷʮ䣬ѧʮ䣬ҲԱ仯һֻӬʲôģ칬֮С
С칬Ļ֮ߣѰеĵص֮ʱӭ澹Ȼһ޴ˡ
лһֱҪ˷ˣҪ˶סˣǣԸΥһλʮɸߵľްԣȴӭˡ
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ŶҪû᳡ȥɡ
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˵ڷ磬ʹ磬ֵҩԳת𵤵ģҲûС
˵ȷʵãǧ꣬һһǧΪΪġ
ҪǣתһԣҩûеģǾǷþת𵤣һֱΪûпҩһ˵
һΪĵҩһεЧܺãɵ˵ڶΡΣҩЧδôˣǣת𵤾Ͳͬˡ
ת𵤵ҩЧǿһֱ㶨ģһöת𵤣һǧΪڶöת𵤣ȻǧΪöҲ⣬ҩЧһ
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ǧҪС˺鱦Ҫ֪һЩǿĺ鱦Ҫ鱦ģͽ֮ġ
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תػյԴ֮ʱ֮˹ȥɼһ֮ǿᡣ
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ʱ֮ˣ飬ٶȣ嵽˽֮ǰѸײڶٶȣһץס˽ҪռΪС
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ڤ˼룬ͥʥյһս֮У̫ϾӳһĻԵõһЩôȴǾԲݴġ


573 
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Ϊ鱦ǹʮĺ鱦治ͬ죬ʮ㰡ʥԵֵ
Ȼˣȴվȥһ֣̫Ͼзɻ֮ʱѾʮˡ
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˵ҲǰϾʲôҲ׼ʥһǿˣиֱ˭ҽϰ

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˵Ҳ̫ϾģΪӵһ̫ϾƵ׼ʥʵǿᣬһ׼ʥԲǶ֡


574 
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ʣһҾ޴ıսõǹµıսһҾްԣȻǿս϶Ҫ΢һЩġ
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ǣʶŽӶȥ֮ʱһʮΣȻһ㷴ӦûУУжϡ
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ҪĨ̫ϾڽеӡǣôѵģɾΪҲҪʱſ԰쵽ģʱ䣬̫ȷ
Ѿ˴־ս׼ˣֻҪԽһϺõĺ鱦ִУ໨һЩʱ͹Ҳģֵá
һ֮ϣŬȴ֪磬ѾӿˣǧΪս͸֣ǰ׷ɱ飬һĨɱʹǧ𶯡
Ϊһ弶ǿʵǿ󣬼ʹˣǧ˳ôս͸֣һʧˣĴۣǲСġ
ڽ𻷵ϵ͹ҿǲٵģЩҺСʵȴҲġ
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ӦӦãȴû𿴽𻷵ϵ֮У٣ǣһУͳһġ
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һֵˣڽ𻷵ϵ֮Уʵ̫һЩǣ𻷵ϵеһˣ붯˸߼Ĵڣ׼ɵ顣
弶֮ϣȻǣһΣ𻷵ϵе붯Ŀɲ߼ǿߡ
ǿ֮Уһ˵ĵȼΪʮ£ǱȽϵͼ弶ļѾȽϸˣмʹǿ֮УҲռһϯ֮ˡ
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֮УƼıݣʮɭϣʮÿһ֮䣬Ϊԣ˵Ĳˡ
һֻǵͼѣмˣ߰˾żǸ߼ˡ
ÿһ֮䣬ѾСˣͼм͸߼֮Ĳ࣬ǲԵƵģ֮󣬲
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һΣһ̶ӵǿ̶ӣȫѲνףǧڵĽ𻷵ϵ
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Ա֮ΪһģҲҪ߳򣬿ڵصϵ֮Уĸ֮⣬ڶſԡ
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̶һ̶ӣʹȫķΧ֮ڣҲģͷСԹƽ
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Ÿոռ˽Ҫһ½ѾоˣһɼΣգȻˡ
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籩һˣԶԣ³ضʮҵģǣȴʮƽ
籩Ϯ֮ʣǰһޱȵĵ⣬˲ˣһС̫ǿ֮ˡ
̫һĹâһ֮ʱޱϬϮ籩һնˣΪ룬һɨˡ
е籩ɨ壬ſˣǰ֮Уվһλ߽׵Сˣʱ˵Уһ
һļʶ֮Уȳ˸׳СˣǴ˻еսףǣһλСˣȴǴ˻еսףĳôߡ
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һ֣ҪҪɱǿߣҪļǮ֮ߣ֪ġ
νΪΪʳСҪԼƲɾȴҲܣ𣬳Ǯ֮⣬δز֪ߵݡ
˵ȻΪǮƣɱԼֶλ׺ݣ޲ýɱ֮죬һȻգҪ˵ûһŭǲܵġ
С˵Ʋ壬⣬ԹԵʵ˵ɣ˭ɱҵġ
Сҡҡͷ޹˵ˣԲ治ֻ֪ǽѣǮڷˣĲ֪
Ĳ֪ûƭң
˫΢΢һУ鲻ŵĵ
Сæ֤Լ˵ûУûУƭˣӵ񣬶Ǵɱ֯ģߵݣֻɱ֪֯ǶϸܵģԣҸ֪ġ
Ҫ˵С˵⻰Ҳֻǣһ㶼ŵģȫš
Ϊɱ֯ڹ˿͵ģ϶Ҫϸܵģ˼ﻹˡ
ɱ֯ҪǿһҪģһûеĻɢ
¶ģɱ֯еĸ֣˿Ӱɱ֮֯ʱЩɱֶȻȨġ
Сɱ֣δǴɱ֣㲻ãϻһݣݼߵˡ
֮£СҪɱ֪֯һЩ߷ߵݣҲǲܵġ
Ͼݵĸ֣İΣҲʮֿصģһһΣգ;Բɵġ
ߣҿ㻹ǲʵ
С˻Ĵң˫۵΢΢һУ֮ϣ¶һ˿Ц
һ֮£˫ֱãֻһ䡱һһ棬ȼնˡ
һ󡰺¡¡ľ֮£̫ƹ˳һ㣬ǰӿȥˡ
棬ٴϯȥˣһͷ£Сһĵ棬ֻС˵һҽУˡ

С˵ĿУٴα˲ҽС
ߣ˵ҶûӣŰɡ
С˵ĲҽУ鲻ᣬ̫ȼգøӾҶˡ
ղţ黹ΪСѾˣȴ룬һﻹһС˼ΪԼɵϰһɫ֪
СһɫֻǱȽϺݵģ̫ãŽ̫Ϩˡ
ˣĲǹģˣģˡ
С˲ҽЪ˹ġ
Ϩ
ûˣСҲܵ˽ѵٴת䷨ǰһָ֮£СϾȼյĻ棬Ϩˡ
̫ܽϨˣСȴѾʮˣղŲűκһ壬ٴճ˽̿ģ϶ðˡ
ϣһأܹϣѶϢиֶε㣬áܡ
һЦС˵
Сĵĵңҡ
ȻңǾ˵˵ɣ˭Ҫ
ʵ
ССĵɱ֯ʮֽԭģίߵݣһй¶ֺΪɱ֣ǿ϶֪ġ
С˵ĻϵɫѾЩѿˣʵգܲ
ϻ˵֪֪֪͸ȥɡ
Щͷĵ֮ϣһɼǿˣһ£С˱ɡ
ţţĪ
Сһæ˵
˵ǶһһΣΪ˵ʵǿΣԼҹʱһۣ֪һЩί˵ݡ
Ȼ֪ǻ˵
ȻһۣС˻һ
ɣǣֻ֪һţϸȴ֪ǧĪְ
СЩµ˵
üͷ΢΢һ壬鵹û˵ʲôֻĵðɣϻ˵˵ɣ֪ʲô˵ʲô
ǺãҾ˵ˡ
С˳һһ·˲٣˵̶֪ӣ˽𻷵ϵŽܵЩ´ίˣȻǽ𻷵ϵˡңֱִܹʣȻǽ𻷵ϵĴ򣬳ôĴۡ


579 ޽
С֪ί˵֮һܲһǣŵķΧȦˡ
С˵ʵʮǿᣬȴҲΪͷһ١ٶıȣҲûô
С˴֮鱨ʮֲģҲǺ٣ò
𻷵ˣҲûʲô˽ԹҲǺǧ˽Թ˶ѣʹҪɱԼҲӦǧǵˡ
뿪ǧǵʱ򣬺׷ɱǿƳ֣һ֮ɵһӣǧɵĴǲС
ǧ˵ȨߣǧǵȨߣӦöԼ֮ǲǣ˷֣Ҳ֮С
ٺǧǵЩһʶģȻɲģպȻ֣²ġ
ǧǣǧ˵֮⣬黹˾̶ӵˣЩһ֯һʲôɱ֯Լ֣
ׯ׳ߣȥҾ̶ӵĽӡ
ɫС˷Ը
һȫ˽֮󣬶С˵ݣȻһ㶼֪٣Է֣֪ˡ
ǣǡ
ׯ׳ѾʰˣٲˣЩСæӦ
սݣ𻷵ϵеһʻȥˣٶǽһ찡ȫԽ˹١
սһսʻٶȾȻȹٶ죬Ҳʮѵõġ
ﵽٶȣսȫƿ˴ռ䣬˰ռ֮ڣҪ˵ڰռ֮ʻٶȣ̫죬ǣҲлġ
ռǶӦ֮һ磬һʮص磬ڰռ֮УƶٶȣԹΪġ
磬һڰռƶٶһÿ룬ʵʵٶȣҪԹ٣ɼٶ֮ˡ
һڰռƶٶﵽÿ룬ٶȻҲһˣҪԹٵġ
һеĿƼսٶȣѾʮֽӽڹˣĶսٶȸ죬սٶȴﵽ٣ϡ档
弶߼֮ģﵽм͸߼սٶȣǴﵽ˲˼ĵز
弶˵սˣһսٶҲԴﵽϵģµķɴʹõģûռ䡣
սԼٶȣڰռ֮ʻٶȻﵽ˾˵ĵزˣֻ˲ʱ䣬Ҫׯ׳˵Ŀĵˡ
˵ͷ޴սݣƿ˰ռķ϶½磬ʱھ޴ս֮ڣȻԿԶһսˡ
ӵеսȻɳսˣսݵǿޱȵģһЩͼһⶼûС
ǣԶֵһսԣӦһսݣӵеսݣ֮ȣС׼ˡ
ԲϰһսݣǰԶǾ޴˼µһսݣǲ֮ȵģϵ
ԶһսݣǾԵľްԣԲ֮㣬´ﵽǧһսݣһĵطˡ
⣬⣬ս𣬼ֱһ򰡣ʵ̫ˡ
ҲԶľ޴սݣɴſƯ۾Ŀоǲ˼֮ɫȵ˼㡣
ǿ֮дļʶҲˣϡŹֵ£˲٣ǿսˡ
ȻЩʶǣԲﵽǧսݣһսݣͷһεüΪ𾪡
Ҳʮ𾪣ȴһӣĵϾ߼սݣȻһ˵ӿŵģǿԽһ򣬴һսݡ
Բǧһսݣȷʵ˲ãȫΪһأǧУһ¶ûС
ֳŵݣȻʮ˵ģǣһɵսݣ϶Ҫϲٵġ
ϾһСݺ£ǵҲֻǧѣʯ
̫ˣǿеĸ߿ƼȻԴﵽ̶ֳȣռһЩ߿ƼλĿƼҪࡣ
̾
Сŵսݣž̶ӵһս޽ȥˣһ·ǰУνնɨһˡ
̶ӵȻ̶ӣʵֻһսѣֹģսȻʤǧˣǧˣ⡣
ˣˣԷͨǷͨ
ҵԣһͨ
һս޽ԣ޶˹Ϊһԣڴ鷽棬޶˹ĵǲ
ͨ
鵭˵
һõӦʣ޶˹Ļϣâһ֮£ֳһƵгһͷϳǵˡ
Ļгֵˣ೤ǼΪƵģֻǣѰҪ΢һЩҲĸӴ׳һЩһֵġ
һıˣȫǽһѹѹ֮󣬲γɵģ
ǣ죬ȫһ棬Դ֮ϣֻǣţһĽǡ
һˣ˵ĵһоţ졣
#@@*#
ƵһͨţǵİˣѾ಻Ŀˣ³߰Ļ
˵ģӦõԣǣȻǿգҲһЩʶǣԣȴ
Ϊֹͨﶼ˵ʲô߰ˣֱˡ
˼˼˷ˡ
޶˹Ȼ󣬳ţǵ˵Ļˡ
Ǿ̶ӵڵأʲôˣϿͣǵս̶صأκηɴսĿ
ţһ࣬Ӳĵ
ھ̶ӵĹأׯ׳֪һˣ֪޴սݵĸķɴս
̶ȫѲΣ϶Ҫн׵ģҵķɴսνнס
ǣ̶ṩС͵ķɴֻҪ˾޴սҵʱ̶ӵľ޴ս֮ϣɳС͵ķɴǰȥӭӿˡ
Ȼ棬ţ˱˵ʽݣ£Ҫ뾣̶ӵķɴиֽףǿɳСͷɴ
üͷ΢΢һ壬иָӵͷһתһŲͣٵ˵ãǺðɣɳɴɡ
֮ǰҲֱӿԼݳȥǰնԷĹأСͷɴȥ
ʵҲûʲôѡԼսɴȻʮţƣǣ𾣼̶ӵľ޴ɴսõս޽ʵǲֵһġ
ҷɴϣ¾üʯͷˣԣʵܺѡ񣬸ûʲôԥġ
˾֮󲻾ãľ޴ս֮УһСͷɴɳˣԼٶȣսݽӽ


580 
˾̶Ӿ޴ĺһһսݣͷУоﲻһսһС
һĳУһҾ޴սҪǿ࣬һжǼй滮ģǾȻǷݻ̡
սзΪһģÿһ㣬вͬĽݣǽױǽһЩճƷǽһЩƼ֮ġ
̶ӱһ̶ӣȫѲΣĿΪ˽ף͸ҡнףȡһЩϡƷ
˵̶֮߼𻷵ϵһЩ弶ȼ̫࣬м͸߼
м߼ǴһɿԽżһʹҪԽһҪɰǧŬһŬһġ
вҪƾԼķչҲҪ꣬ſ߳ģҪ̫߳ϵͲ֪Ҫ೤ʱˣǧҲǲܵġ
һļԽߣҪһԽˣļ߼ѡ
֮ľ޴ݣɲô״Ƶģԣ߼弶˵ǿ̫࣬˫ԵƵġ
ô޴Ĳ֮£̶ǰЩ弶֮أнףɲΪ׬ȡʲôǮƣΪ˻Դ
һҪչΪưǿΪ߼֧űԴûԴ֧ţƼķչȻܵͣ͡
ڸ߼˵ԴʮҪԽԽõģҪõôԴӶ֮⣬
Ӷ֮õڶԴеɵ飬ֻǣЩֶβͬ
󲿷ֵȡ׵ķʽУõͼûеĿƼһЩõĿƼƷȡԴȻлõ棬ҲǾ˵ġ
˵ǽףʵǹƽ൱ڱǿǿ̶Ӿ߼ʮѰĶмǴ󱦱ˣҪȡԴνǺġ
Դȫ˾̶ӵУ̶ӻȥ֮󣬲ǽЩԴãֵǼߵġ
ֽףеͼ˵϶ǳԿģȻԿȴùһЩֱǿġ
ϽŵĹƽףõģһֳص߼ɴ˺ԼαװףеͼռЩ⿪Դ
ֳ񣬾һЩҶԷ޹飬ʮ˲ܵģǣֳĹ֮УȻҲʮַġ
ֳ˵ֽ̻ףƽ֪࣬ǿ˶١
ȻֳȻʮֿңǣбֳɥĲģһЩ߼ֱռݵͼȡ
Ѿ֮ܳΪֳˣֱԣʮʹ޵ԣɣϲġ
Խ߼ǱȽټģһЩͼǳ
ֲһһЩĻ̥ĵͼˣǸ֮Уԡ
ԣʮֲпģԵû˿Ȩģūһʮҡ
ԣô˵̶ֿƹƽĽףʮֲģһ
ˣʱｫҪһᣬ֪ûȤμӡ
Сׯ׳ܵ
˵ׯ׳ˣǾ̶ӵڲԱֻǣɱһְһʲô񣬱£׬һ졣
Ϊ߼ŵϺŵĸ֣ׯ׳ʵ֮ǿᣬӹɵģǱȶ켶ĸ֣ҪĴڡ
ѾɣжҪʰׯ׳ȴҲûô׵ġ
Ϊׯ׳ʵеͼ֮ڣʱ򣬲ŻӰȫһ֮£ʲôġ
ǰ׬ׯ׳Ҳ֪˶٣ûһʧֹǣһξ͵˴ù
ùҲˣׯ׳ƵǣУԸַƣ֮У˽ƣԺ¶ûʲô취ˡ
Ŷԭᣬȴ֪ʲô𣿡
ᣬ黹ЩȤæʵ
ֻڵͼмתһȦѾ౦ˣԼɣЩôġ
һ߼̻еᣬȫѲεĽ֮УȻ׼౦ܹһʵһ°
Ϊ̻ڲԱ̻յս֮УȻУܵĵطδزԽ룬С˼
˵úãݶǴڲƵģׯ׳Ĵ֮£ͷ׾ͽ뵽᳡֮С
һʮ־޴Ŀռ䣬һɨȥƽ׿㣬һ᳡ǷΪ㣬ֳһֽ״С
᳡һ㣬ǲеͨλҲ֪жٸλã²λ
᳡мһ㣬·ĵһ㣬΢СһȦһͬһλλҲһһλ
ĵ㣬ȴһλˣһ䲻İᣬ᲻ֻ̫࣬ٸ
᳡һ͵ڶ㣬С࣬Сʮ֮һӣڿռãһ͵ڶ㣬Ҫǿࡣ
鵽ʱ򣬿ɼ᳡Ѿ˴ˣֻλпȱ
ˣǿȥ¥İᡣ
һ뵽᳡ׯ׳˵
Ŷȥ¥İᣬǻǵλ𣿡
ʵ
ڶ͵һͨλˣٸᣬҲһˡ
ȻеģûаᣬҲҪΪҵһ
ׯ׳Ц
ǣׯ׳Ĵ֮£ͨε¥ݣϵ㣬һ֮ǰ
顢ׯ׳Σ˵ٺŰ֮ǰʱˣһ˰֮ǰ
֮УٸᣬǰپʮŸѾװˣֻʣһᣬɼĻ𱬳̶ȡ
Ҳ̻Ĵ˴νףԽ𻷵ϵģһϵ֪ж弶жǿĹҺˡ
ò׼һ߼̻ᣬеĹҺŹλģܹõһЩöǺ¡
ԭɣ᳡֮Уӵǳϯˣ鵽˵㣬һİᣬѾˡ
ţǵġ
Ҫ֮ʱһ߹ˣһһ֮Уˣȵ
һ꣬Ӧòֻжʮӣҡһȣζ΢磬һͷ㷢ʮհӡ
һ߻ȣһǰһ˵һᣬǶ˵ģ֪ʲôˣǵİᡣ
Ŷһģģ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ŵʵ
Ȼǧȷ
ƶĵ


581 Ȩ
ׯ׳ô£
ׯ׳ɫΪࡣ
뵽֮УҲûһҪ֮еģʵȻѴﵽһ˼ĵزǣһ˿̬
ʱԸǱȽº͵ģ˲鷳Ҳұ˵鷳
Ȼһ飬Ҳģ֮ʱ֣öԷ仨ˮݡ
ڵһͨλ£ʶһˣ׼뵽ׯ׳ǿ֤ŴӦ˵ġ
û뵽ϵ¥İ֮УȴһʮַŭеĻ棬Ҫըˡ
е棬ǶķŭǶׯ׳ķŭŭûи״Լ
꣬Ķһᣬ˼ҹȻģûɶ
ǣׯ׳ظ֤飬µͷȴӣ˼ǰӣҪǣһ¥Ͷ¥ͨλҲûˡ
ˣһᣬһģǵģһѣһʱ䣬һŪ
ׯ׳ɫһ䣬æ˵
飬ׯ׳ˣһ켶۷ĸ֣һε羳ֻһ֮ңǣη壬ǲСġ
ѹׯ׳ֻȥ鷳ˣ˵ȷʵֱ׳ģΪԼʲôԡ
Сӣʲô֣ᣬԤģʲôʱġ
ǰׯ׳˵
ʲôģǶµĺòá
겻ʾĵ
ɫѾüÿˣׯ׳Ҳͷ˵ˣֱٻĹԱƬ֮󣬱һߵ
ӣһֻͷһߣǰ֮ʱ˵λͺãӭ޲ΪǷ񡣡
ݣ
ͷ˵Ļʱ鵱ɵһ£кһͷž硣
û뵽û뵽򣬾Ȼ޵Ĵڣ治ޣʲôطĿռ䰡
ϻ˵㣬һᣬҲѾôҲˣ֤ǲǼٵġ
ׯ׳޲ߵӴ˵֮г˲֮ɫһ˵ǣػɣׯ׳᲻һȭ
ߣҶµİᣬҪûôס
Ҳʾĵ
ԣŭĿӣҪˣǣΪ˼ʲôû֡
λλͣϢŭҲһ顣
޲ߵӣæׯ׳ߣº˵
ϾǾ̻ĵ̣ׯ׳˼ɻǺܶģһ޼ɵ
Ȱ˶֮æֲͨϵܵ쿴һĹ⡣
ãҲ鵽ˣׯ׳ģλׯ׳
ʵ
ׯ׳
ׯ׳æʵ
ׯ׳ҿ֤ᣬȷʵġ
ׯ׳΢Ц
ţܺá
ׯ׳ͷֵĵ
ˣ˵ˣһᣬҰ˶ģСһ֪ǼٵģȻƭ
ׯ׳æԼͬʱǸһ¡
ţܺãǵİͺá
ڷ¶һ˿΢Ц
޹˼ׯ׳һŸоԼĺ󱳣ȻѾʪˣԳ˵㺹ա
ɼղǶ̶̵ʱ䣬ׯ׳Уֱɽһ㣬һһµģѹȥ֮Ÿо˺¡
ߣׯ׳ǽˣǱߵ꣬ȴɫ΢䣬ֵǣûлѻҴ޴;ţֱ׳ĵô£ᣬҶµģôģǾ̻ᣬڸʲô
꿴ʢŭޱȵӣһ˫ȭڿвϵĻ裬ɵĻͶִˡ
ʮַŭϵɫһΪѿŲӣɫơ
ߵӦûûв죬귢ӣֻһ˫۾ӥһ㣬ʱɨӡׯ׳ǡ
ŭӣҲһһʱе㲻֪룬˾ϸѵͻ״֮ʱԺܺõĴ
ǣѸʵλͣʣմ
ŭĵҽ˼
˼
ӵɫһʲôӣæԼϵܵԵá
֪ˣȷʵᣬֻǣʱǶȨһһȨԶ
ӽ˵
̻İᣬҪ£ɲô򵥵ģ󲿷ֵİᣬ¾ǶˣҲûʲô
ǣһЩİᣬǰʮŰᣬмһЩᣬԼβİļᣬȡȨޡ
ЩᣬһΪһȨ޺ͶȨޣͨĿˣǩµһǶȨޣһʲô֮ģһȨǩȥôȨ޾ˡ
һȨ޺ͶȨ޵ķֱǩĺ֮ͬУȷд˵ģҵͬ
֮ΪӦһЩҪȫǩȥˣһЩ͵ʱҪᣬһȨ޺ͶȨޣõˡ
ҲҪ˵ˣȻҪһЩдֺͣαŪʲôһȨ޺ͶȨ޵ģɴһֱһЩᣬͦ
Ǿ̻ĸ֮ˣٸᣬÿһǩȥ۸Ǿ˵ģʮ֮ߡ
̻Ϊһ̻ᣬȻΪϵģ׬ǮʮҪģÿһ׬Ǯĵط˷ѵġ
ΪȨޣһһȨѹ˶ȨޣǵЩӵжȨ޵ˣڵ˵顣
һ˵˾ǲеģνֻкˣ׬ȡǮơ
ǣھ̻˵ûʲôˣŲЩ˵ӣ弶ʹٸ߼Ĺ壬ǻҳԱҲھ̻С
ʹ弶һЩˣҲҼǺ޾̻ᣬ෴ҪͽᣬΪ󵽾̻ʱ
Ϊˣֵ̻Ĳ֪ʲôˣֱȽȨ޵顣
˼꣬ǩٺŰĶȨޣǣׯ׳㵽һȨ֮㽫˼ĶȨ޸ˣֵùˡ
ǶԲ𣬶ڴ¸ɵĲ㣬̶бǸˣ֮ȡذĶ𡣡
˼ò˵
Ϣ˼һ´סˣֱԼĶ䣬еһ˿ŭһӶˣһŰ׾գһ±ͨ졣
˼ҲǼǽ𻷵ϵһ弶еĴ֮ңƽ߸ϣֱ˴ľ


582 ŭ
һ̣˼ʮƣоԼ澡ʧ֮ˣڳЦԼƵģ䣬ղźԼִˣ̡
Խ룬˼УԽŭˣ˫֮Уʼðһ˿˿ĺɫ
Լҵĵ̣˼ҲǸ߸ϵģһ£ݱΥ棬ʹݲˣҲҪӵġ
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಻Ļ˳ȥڽһѺۣĨƽ֮ǰˣǿغǰ˵ϡ


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ڸ֮Уж켶ǿߣһ֣ãһƬգһ˿˿Ѻۡ
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ʱǿˣһĳԨγ˳ˮΣһ˲֮䣬ĨƽЩѺۣǰȥˡ
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񾣼̻̻ᣬʵҲǣһλСǧ缶ĸѾ˲ˡ
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ǿߣôԣӦûǵ˰
˭˭Ϊʲôǵ鷳

һ³֣ˣǾû뵽֮ǿƾ춯ˡ
ȴЩ뷨ô𾪣һȭ֮£չ黹ǳˣеȭͷһͺ
ȭͷ۵һըˣһԭӵըĢһ㣬һϯأɨһļƣչˡ
޾Ӷһײϣı仯ַӦ
תƳһ壬һȭȴһѺۣӶԽ
һ֣黹ݣһ䣬еٴβˣ
һ켣켶ĸ֣Ե켣ȫͬǿע
֣ӲҪͬۺϵһȻЩ˵ǣе죬Ǵڵġ
ѿĶҪһ޲ãûһ˿һѺۣǲܵġ
ĳȭö켶еѺ۶ȥģǸѺ󣬱ԽԽ
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ڣһ춯صľ֮£һĺĥһ֮һ·Ѷը˹ơ
ǿϯ֮ӿһжҪɨƵģĵ֮У뵽һƬǽ֮С
˵һȭ·ԭӵը켶ɵĶ󷨣һŴһȭ޾θߡ
ǣһȭױ֮ʱγһִƣһҪһжݻٵ
һɿԻһеˣ֮ǰֻҪΪ㹻ˣԸоõв׷Ҫܿ
֮У˵ģһ㵽㣬νǲ㱬ˡ
оһɾ˵Ҫ֮еˣһ㣬ȥӵǽһ졣
ģô£
ôôǿɣаţ̫аˣⲻǾ̻𣿡
Ȼ˸ھ̻ĵ̵ɣ˹ˡ
ǹ̫ǿˣҿ

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羪֮һ㣬ߣǾȻֱž̻ȥˣֱǿ֮С
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ӿһĹ֮£УֱʬˣǱһЩߵˣĺ֮£ȫɵˡ
Уڹ޵֮£˷飬µһЩ֣Եֱֵӱײϡ
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Щӳȥڶ֣ӵһң𾪵Ŀ·ľ̻ս֮ϣһըˡ
޴ޱȣһһսݣ·һǣȻһըˣ߽⣬սݣܵӰ죬һ
⣬ô£
ǿ̫ǿˣһȻǿᣬǿսݣһ󶴡
ʲôˣʲô˳ˣֶξȻôǿ󣬲˸ھ̶Ҳ̫ͷ϶ˡ
Ҳ־̻̫Եڵ˲õˣǿߣʹ̻ʵǿҪ㶨ҲҪһɡ

·ҵĳ۷׷ףû뵽̻߼齨̻ᣬȻᷢ顣
֮ϣһǿ߸նԵϣһεɢˣһεʱ޿̵ɢš
еĸ֮ǰӳ˲٣սеˣڶ֣Ҳ׷ս֮ӳ
ոһ£ֱǾ춯صģӰֻ֮ҪеΪģԸоõɵҲ֪Ҫսˡ
򾣼ֵ̻ˣʵһʮǿᣬߣʮ㣬;̻г𣬿϶Ҫ;̻ᶷһġ
Ȼµ˽ܱĴսЩǿߵʵȻǣڴ˵ս֮УҲΪģ㲻ãܵǣ³ޱȵġ
ԣս֮УŻһĸ֣ſڶ𣬾Ӹ£·ıʡ
ȴ˵ս֮УԣѾûУѾһƬˡ
֮УӿδʾҵȻӿسҪһڣƻ
ǿ籩֮УֻȻվУվ˷籩ģʤѩЦ˫
鳤ܣһεĹ֣䱣棬紵򣬿ˣҲκε顣
ˣߣзȻܵıӻڷƾ֮£ҡ
ͷʮȻɵ˼ӣ켶ĸ֣ʱҵ˼ġ
ǿ֣һʵʩչˣ춼߷ȫ
֮ȫˣǿ֮ǿǿޱȵģ֮ɨһС
ǣĳ֮£׷֮켶ĸ֣ܵˡ
ʱ켶֣Ķ죬Ѿ׷ˣ֮£Ѿ˼㡣
˼㣬һǿѾʣ޼ˣʹԺκãҲȻʮٱΪˣֻһߡ
ӿȵ֮£켶ĸ֣ңڲʱѪˡ
ʱĿ⣬켶ĸֿȥˣĿ֮УȻȻ֣ضһɱ
켶ĸ֣Ҳеɱ⣬ٿҴ֪Լ񣬿һˡ
һ¶֮ɫԳЦ벻벻һ࣬ò˶켶ǧգȴ˱
ȴҲһȸֵУҲûҵȰɡ
һߴЦֻǣЦȴʮֱ
Ĳ켶֮ϣСǧ缶ǧ缶ʹǧ缶һǿտɲһֱĿ꣬ѵĲܴ𣿡
һޱȵĵ
˵˵ǿȥˡ
ۿ˵֮ԣвһһ仰֮󣬵ˡ
ôҲɱ˲ˣʵԽԽǿһҲԽԽӲˣǰʵǿ̫ġ
һ֣û˼һֻƣǰһˣ֮նΪ֮𶯵ӡ
һ£˴˴Ļ𵴶֮ʱʹ켶ĸ֣ܵѹȣƣԽˣѪҺԽӿˣͬˮһ㡣
ʱ򣬿ɲôˣһһ£켶ĸ֣·Ǳĳɡ
ۼ˼֮ʱս֮УϷȻһ֮ĳһӭȥˡ
飡
һɼΪǿײ֮ʱһһ޾ǿ
ǿޱȵķʹѾǽޱȵУøӻˣƱ̨ιһ
һǿײ֮£켶ĸ֣ܵѹ֮Խˣǧصѹϣ˵ƣӳˡ
켶ĸ֣ص˼㣬֮£ܵĳҪ˼ΣԻĲˡ


587 缶
켶ֵһսռ˾ԵϷ磬֮ǿǾ춯صġ
켶ĸ֣ʹھ̻˵ҲǿⶪӣֿԽƵĶ켶֣ѵá
ж켶ĸ֣ԽƣҪضĶ켶֣Ķ죬˿Ϸ죬ſһġ
Ҫ޳Ķ죬ɲףҪʱ׼ſõġ
ʹ켶ĸ֣޳˸ԵĶ죬ҪʱϣγĬſԶ󷨣ֶԵС
ԣʹǾ̻ǿҪƵ켶ĸ֣Ҳǲ׵ġ
ô˵ĸ֣˺ʹСǧ缶ǿߣȴҲ֮Զˡ
ĸ֣̻ᣬȴҲǲԸ޹ʧġ
ڣ̻֮УĸֳˣСǧ缶ǿߣһ֣׿ޱȡ
ǿȴҲ֮սǾ춯أ籩õһգΪ֮𵴶ˡ
ǿ籩ϯ֮ʱһ켶ĸ֣˵״̬Ǿˡ
˵Ҳʶһ㣬ȥҪ̳
һֻâγɵĴ֣켶ĸһ̶ȥˣҪ˾ȳȥǣóѡ
һ֮£һƬâԼٶȷɳˣ˲Ϣ֮䣬γһϣ켶ĸ֣С
һֻâ֣˹֮ʱһĻ·޷֮£ǿ֣Ϊˡ
еӡһ֮£ƽһһ㣬ŹĻˣʵʵںϣһĲơ
һĲƣһ㣬˷ȥˣս֮أǱһ̽һ顣
ʱΣһ³ˣһڵһԳٶȣһɱȥˡ
һ֣Ѿȷ˶Էλ֮ڣﻹԸⱻ򣬵ȥҪԷĴս
Ƶһ㣬ȥûһӰӣϷգһɱȥˡ
顭
һıѾ֮£Σƿ˷ˣصһ˸֮£ɱĻ֮˵ǰ
Сǧ缶ĸ֣ʵǼǿȷʵǰ˲谭
Сǧ缶ĸ֣ʵǿᵽ˼㣬켶ĸ֣ʤһʵǿ̫ࡣ
ҪСǧ缶ĸֶ֣׼һ֮ʱѣȭ֮䣬ƿ谭
ο磬ɱ˶Էǰ鵱˾ֵ̻ݣһߡ
һ׷ߣʮֲɷǵӣǣʱ˿̣֮ϣȴǺ֮ɫ
ҳ֣
һȣ鵱ˣƵһ㣬˸֮䣬㵽ߵǰ
һֻȭͷǰ֮ȭͷϣǿϯһ㣬ˡ
һȭǰȥˣÿ֮ռһȭ֮£һŤ֮С
УâһâҪմƵģһһ飬е˺⡣
һ˿ϵ£϶һ˿⣬Ӷˣ߱ϾСǧ缶ĸ֣ʵʮǿġ
ǿʵߵģൽһ۷壬Ŀ⣬һ㣬ǣȴδɥʧġ
һֻƣǬǰһգ߸оˣһɳصѹˡ
ǿᵽ˼ѹѹߵϣǣȴҲһ壬һ޾ˡ
һȭϯһȭȥˣһȭ֮£ǽյĳ֮˲Ƴˡ
һȭ֮ȭͷϵķ֮ɱǰõɫ΢΢һ䡣
˫һһл֮ǰתһȭƳˡ
ȭͷϵһˣ޾汬ˣϫķˣɱˡ
߲ӽ֮ʱ˫Ʊըˡ
޾ıը֮֮ʱ˵Σһ֮ײˡ
˵֮ʱһָǰˣƷϯһϯˣö˵ΣһΡ
˶ײ֮ǿᵽ˼㣬һ֮ԶΪģȶˡ
һɷϯԶΪģȶˣսݣһ󲿷ֵС
һƬأȴֻһطƽ˾Ǳվĵط
վһȴǿᵽ˼ıը֮ԶΪģչ˿
ӿĿ֮Ҫһжƻӣսеݻˡ
λСǧ缶ĸ֣һս֮ʱ֮ǿ濰Ǿ춯صģ֮Ƿϯ
Ҫһжûϯ֮ݻһУʹս֮ϣʧء
Сǧ缶ĸ֣ʮǿᣬǿᵽ˼㣬һս漫Ϊǿ
Сǧ缶ĸ֣ˣսΪǿ࣬Ҫֵߣǲܵġ
ȸսƻʵ̫ǿˣһһǿԻǳģ֮ǿǾ춯صġ
ڸ߿еڶ֣ս֮У˵սʮ⣬û뵽ʵȻǿᡣ
ʵȷʵʮǿᣬһ֮ս캳أһ
ʵԷһ˿ԵֵģΪھ̻ս֮ϣһˣѾǲˣǣû˿뵽ĿƷ̻ᡣ
˶ΪԾ̻ǿʵ֮࣬ʵ֮ǿҪԸ飬ǻֵ
ֵ֮£˶Ϊģȴû뵽սȻǿᣬǿֵز
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ҵĴսս֮ϣǿ貣õս֮ϣ֮һĵطܵ˾ҵĴʧء
⣬ôܣ˾Ȼ֮ǿ뾣̻սȻߵ˳̶ȣʵ˲𡣡
ǿǿǿ˼㰡һ˿ģǶǿߡ
˲ã˵ʵԴﵽСǧ缶ھ̻Сǧ缶ĸִѹ֮£ס
ҲΪ˵ʵ뾣̻ԣȡʤǣҪȫˣǿԵġ
ȫˣӦÿһأ㲻þ̻ĻˣҪһưͿɡ
ƾ̻Щһﲻ˳ˣ²ɣܹõЩһˡ

߿֮ϣһڸ־Թۣս֮У׳ʣ۷׷ףΪǿս⡣
⣬ʮ𺳣𺳵˼㣬龹ȻСǧ缶ĸִս̫ˡ
֮Уʮ֮Уֵǲģÿһ֮ԿԳ֮ΪӦȫĽ
һҪΪӦȼô׵ģ˿Ƽ֮⣬ҪиĽǿսɡ
һ߼ҪΪ߼Сǧ缶ĸ֣ȻǲɻȱģɻȱʮҪĴڡ
ǿ֮У߼ѾǼߵˣ䲻Գ֮ΪһǣԿ֮У߸ϡ
֮Уδ߳ǼʵΪ͵ȵһˣȻѹĵز
һѾһʵǿ֮УȻҲǴʮֵ΢ĵزǣȴ
һǿ֮УȻʮֵ΢ĵزܵѹǿġ
˵һǿ֮Уֻһϯ֮صĻôһϯ֮ء
ǿ֮УѾԲ۸ˣƲңڣǣȴҲˡ
߰˾żʵ֮ǿǿ֮УѾռһϯ֮أȫǿԳưһ߸ϣ䲻ѹ֮£ȴҲġ
߰˾ż˸߸ϣʵ˲ˣеĸ֣֮УǿԺһĴڡ
ʵСǧ缶ǿʵǿ֮УȫԺ޼ˣֻҪСһЩ˿κΡ
Ǿ춯ˣ̻֮УСǧ缶ĸ֣Ҳһ˶ѡ
ߣսս֮ңɼһߣս֮ನϯһ㣬ɨʡ
ս֮мǲޱȣϵ£ƿϯŰһ
˴𣬵ǣ̻֮ˣȴûôõˣ̻ĸ߲㣬ʱڳˡ
һʼڶྣ̻ĸ߲㣬ΪСǧ缶ĸ֣һߣȫԵֵ飬˭֪Ĵս֮УȻС
ȷʵǲС
˼ݣ춯صģһһ£ʤӣʵʤһ
֣ǿ֮Ǿ춯һ㣬һַϯ֮֮Уˡ
һ֮ɺأϿɻ죬¿ɺأ֮ǿֿͨԵֵģʹһСǧ缶ߣҲԵֵġ
һһǿᣬǣ򵥵Ѿ߿Եֵˡ
ǿȭ֮£߲ˣÿһڵϲ³һӡս֮ڣƻˡ
߾Ȼ·磬̻ĸ߲㣬пǴ󾪵ģ֮Ȼ
һԼСǧ缶ĸ֣ҪǿߣȻǿ˾أЩ˵УΣ֮С
Σ֮һ˵ҵˣսϵ󷨣һݺ޼ʵĹâɱˡ
һâԵϸޱȣȴмǿĴ͸ʹâδѾоˣ̺ǿ֮
̶ֳȵвʹ飬Ҳҵ֮ģǣһ˲һС
еСǰһӣХܣγһȦƵģˡ
һ󡰶֮УһĹߣȫܵСˣҶţһ㣬֮ķѶˡ
ȥ
նһĹâָ֮ǰһ㣬СХɳˣջһĻߣǰɱȥˡ
Сƿգޱȣϵ޷ɵõ֮УһϸϸѺۡ
ռ֮Ҳ֪εȹ̺ͼӲǣСһն֮£ռ侹ȻҲԵֵģһ֮£նΪ֮˺ˡ
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ϧһһˣһ֮£ʲôˡ
ϵԽǿˣڷ֮ԽԽǿˣǲһ
뵲ȴ޷룬ڱһնϣһѪˣѪʶˡ
һ黹ݣеķ֮£СؼΧߣһӰ
ǣԿһ̣ߵܣǽݺᰡ񣬿ƿһƵġ
ಡ
һĺХ֮£һߵϣ̳һѪѪ硣


588 뷢
һҵ˼Ĵս֮ڽȡϷ磬̻Сǧ缶ĸ֣ʵȻףȴվǶ֡
ɵΪʩչǿʵȫˣǧ֮ݺ
߱˲ֹڳ˫ֱ֮£һָ죬һָأһ㡣
ָ֮ϣһĹâɶˣγһϸСĹâ·ȥˡ
âʮ֮ʹͭǽڣԴ͸һ֮䣬ɱ켶ֵǰ
ò˵켶ĸ֣ʵǲҲ˵ӲСǧ缶ߴս֮ʱӿɢ֮ʱȻû
ǿϯ֮ʱ̻ľ޴սݣ࣬ܵ˼٣켶ĸ֣һܵشȴȻû
ѣȻľһʲôľһľһֹǧղǵľ
켶ĸǿھסԵһָ֮£ҲҪġ
ס֣
һȣ֮ߵĿڣʱ߳ˣһֻ޴ƣһ۶ˣȥˡ
һֻƣʮǿģһ֮ն˺ѶƵģѹ֮ʱͷգ𵴶ˡ
ҪΧκ֮ƣϧҲһָ֮£Сǰľӭȥˡ
һ򷨣һʱһֻƣСǰɱնȥˡ
ǣߺСһţ貣ûȥչ켶ĸˡ
һϸĹâһ˵Դ֮켶ĸ֣
֣ȫ֣ɱˣһҪɱ
һŭһ㣬ս֮С
һŭ֮ķ̻սݣƻһһǿѣھۼ
̻սݣվһǿޱȵľ޴սһսݣԻһʵ֮ǿ֪ġ
ǿսݣ֮ǰս֮УûзһûжãǾ̻ĸ߲öԸ飬ʱò
һʱòǣʵȫ켶ĸ֣ȫɱҽСǧ缶ߣҲˣڣսݳˡ
սݵӶˣУ֪˶ڿڣ֮࣬ƳǧƵġ
һСڿڣâ˸һһģھۼʲôһ㣬ڿڵĳ򣬷׷׶ˡ
һΣ֮УвˣһвΣ֮У˺˺֮С
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һһߡ
ԭصһתƳһһһĹӰһ´ԭʧˡ
ʱǧڿ֮Уӿȥˣ£еĵطȫˡ
ڿڶ࣬ڵҲʮַǿչڡڡڵȵȣָǿڣ׷׳ˡ
еڣһˣһȥˣһڵһ㣬ˣʹ飬ҲܴСġ
ǣʯ֮䣬ΣȻʧеڻ֮ۼһ
еڻ֮ۼһγһԲƵģеǿᵽ˼£һ˲١
ԣûеʱսڵһռ䣬ѾʼˣõնΪ֮˺ѣһ
һŤÿռ䱻ڣһնƺڶһ㣬һܲǣ֮
ҺãʱѾԶˣһֻõλһΣȴûбߡ
ܵӰ죬̻Сǧ缶ߣһյӰ죬ǹβһΣȡ
õĻᣬɲŹģȻս֮ȥˣϵӡһ֮£һСǰնȥˡ
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һϸСļƤ񣬲ˣһ֮£æҪܣȴһӰ֮£̫
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һն£СǧĳҲһ£ֲˣ
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ʱϹۣǿֵˣ弶ˣʵܲ뵽ս֮С
ǿʱ˺£ľսѾɵˣȻҺ׽
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ǣս֮УŤһڶ𽥵ˣһ㡢һչˣǿࡣ
󲿷ֵջ뽣ԽԵˣβŴȥˡ
һ㡢һģսݵģһڶȥٶȻ죬ȴᶨơ
֮£Ҫ˶ãջᱻ뵽һڶ֮У³Σ֪ġ
죬ڣˣ
ղһٴˣһܻ˼
ս֮УȽϿµķһµڿڣǿڿ۶ˡ
Ĺâ˸һ緢һȥˣٶ֮죬Ƶһ㡣
һڻֻһ֮£㵽ߵǰײСǧ֮ϣСǧĹĻһӡ
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κһڵһɶȥˣһеֵķΧߵڳ׷ɱĴջ뽣ǿӦˡ
˫һһСǧ磬°֮ڣһ˲䣬Ƶõһ
һӡĳ֮ǿʹնһ£նĴջ뽣һ


589 ȥ
һ뿪˾̻սݣߵһ㣬ղʱڽڰ˵ĳ˲õ˷ת
˫ٴμȻռϷ磬ǣȴȴҲûܵơ
һʵӶҪڷϣĹƣǿᣬԱǡ
ˣ̻һսݣȻ֮ϣߵһս֮УսѾ˽֮һȴȻսû̫Ӱ졣
ȻգңĪָߵָ֮£ս֮Уһ޴ڿڣ˳ָϿա
һ޴ڿڣǿھۼˣһһ˸֮£˲ˡ
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һ춯ص֮£ս֮ϣһ뷢ˣ޾Ĺâڿ֮ϣӿˡ
ǿޱȵڿ֮ſеȥˣ֮ǿУΣ֮С
Σ鵱ʱκգһ˸ѵٶȣһˣٶ֮죬ޱȡ
뷢Ȼʮǿǿᵽ˼㣬ǣвȴ治
ڿУһ˸ʧԭأһ̳֮ʱѾ뿪ԭأˡ
һΪ֮ʵǿޱȣ棬ҲʮֲһѪ
Ѫһʮľ裬һʲôΣգ鵱ԷѸٱܿ
սϵľڣʮ֮󣬳ٶȣʮֿģڻһ޿ɵֵ
뷢һѸޱȵٶȣǰٶ֮죬գ֮䣬ڻ㵽ˡ
ڻ֮ǿᣬһ˿У֮ϣһУһЩ˺ѵĺڶ
ڻʮ֮ٶҲ쵽˼ģǣȻ㿪ٶȣôһЩ
У޾õտˣһ֮£Ųƣȴɱߵǰ
Сǧ缶ߣ֮ʱսԽǿˣһƬգ𵴲ݣһĲơ
ˮһһƣɢȥ֮ʱЩȺ֮ϣԹ۵Ľ𻷵ϵһڸ֣ԭҲסˡ
֮䣬òСǧ缶ߣսϵľڣһֱϣ֮ϣʮ㡣
뷢飬ǣһЩ鷳ǿģǸһЩϢ֮
̻˸ͣţûнǾɱǺһΣɾûôˡ
һŵĴЦ֮УһΣһŲ£գʹ޾ˡ
һӿ񱩵˼ɢߺսֻݱܷâˡ
ͬʱһЦ֮УκնȥԿ쵽˼ٶȣԶȥˡ
αжȥٶȼ죬䱼֮ʱЯŷׯ׳ˣһ뿪
ߣôס
ߵˣѾе㱻ˣ鱼ߣдһĻȥ׷
սϵָߣлвʣʣųʤ׷أڻ
뷢޾йˣ֮ϣǿޱȡ
֮£һһˣʹʵǿޱȣҲҪ˲ɡ
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˲ãȷʵ˲ð˵ǽ𻷵ϵûгֱֹ߼͸֣һ㣬
ǿǿǿǿϳֻ̫Ҫ̫˱Ȼ䣬ʵһ˿Աġ
˵˵ã˵ʵǿ˼ǲ׼ݵ˼
ǰҲ֪˺;̻ʲôޣȻֱɱһ֮󣬻Ըݣ̫˲ˡ
ѽ˵ҷҪȥһſԣһдҵļ壬µһˡ
԰ȥһ£Ŀء

һȺ˿ԶȥıӰ֮£и˲ͬĴ㣬г޵ģֻģҪһġ
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׷֮Уڳڶ𻷵ϵĸ֣һɳ뿪ˣͣˡ
һս̻ʧذһ̻ƿеһа𷢲ȥҪڳ֮˵鷳ҵ³ɲˡ
Ϊд˵ģڳڶ֣׷׼Ԧٹ뿪ˣղŻܲһգ˲һɨˡ
˴һɨգֻʣ˾޴սݣȻʣ߹¡
ңңһ뿪ķֿɢӵڶ𻷵ϵĸ֣ߵɫһѿ˼㡣
ɫʮѿвˬȴҲûн֦һ֮£һתս֮С
һ䣬ս֮Уûãҡҡ׹սݣһ뿪ˡ

𻷵ϵ֮Уǧ˵Χ֮ڣӵǧǧ˵ʵʹڽ𻷵ϵ֮УҲһġ
𻷵ϵ֮Уǿ弶в٣ϵĻˮƽ弶弶µûĿռ䡣
˵弶µ弶ϵҲ֣ܳһ弶֮䣬ǻụ೶ȵġ
ڽ𻷵ϵ֮Уǧ˾һȽǿ弶ѹ弶һ࣬ڶ࣬ƼǷǳǿᡣ
ǧ˵ǧǣɾˣʹǧ֮Уһǧ˵һġ
ǿյ֮УһģʵǿӰǿһЩԵʵ棬δرȵùġ
һ㣬ǧǵΧ֮ڣһһСķɴǧǷȥˣ˳֯
ڶķɴ֮УһսݣԵʮۣԲ֮㣬ﵽ˰֮㡣
һսݣһЩ߼սݣʲôģǣǧ弶֮У㲻
м˵սս۷ۣемδؿսݡ
ǣڸ߼˵սȴʲôǸߵһ˫һϡ
޴սݣǿ֮ʻǸ˲𺳣·ϣͺһȺó֮Уһ
ĿĹʣսǧ˵ǧʻȥˣٶȲ첻֮һ
ϴҪٵһҪ޾ɱͰ
ս֮УһŮӵˣ˵ǺͲͬ


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ռ֮ǰһŮǿˣֻһһдƴӵײ㿪ʼһɹһҲСĹ˾ɼ
Ļ֮Уһײһףһ㣬ʵ˵õġ
˵һ㣬黹治緶뵱꣬ѧҵ֮󣬼ϴǼ氡
ǵݻռ䣬нյĳɾͣ޳֮λǸѼϼܣƵĳɾ͡
Ƿϴƴɾͣռ֮һɾͣʮ˵õġ
һܵϸˣռ֮󣬵һɱˣһξսһɳ޳ǿ
ռ֮УѪĿ飬飬Ѿʲô뷨ˡ
ǣ龹Ȼ׼֣ǧǴ򱬣ϵˣȫ֮ȻҪ
е𾪣ݱˣһ֮ϣ֮֮࣬డôᣬɱ֮أֱˡ
վŮˣһģѪľҲԽĥԣҪɱ֮ʱвԸ
ʲôͣҲŲںǧϵЩˣȷʵȻɱˣһѵΪҺ۸
صһУɱݺᣬ˾
ۣһ򲻴ǰ˵ԼûֻазݣĵףлԻ
ǿﻹֽȫҲʵ̫ѷˡ
˾֮ٲɣʻսݣǧǵϿգԶ֮˳˳
һսݣɱ˳ȥϣһǿᵽ˼ˡ
һ֮£ջ뽣УųĻΣڻ
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޴򣬾ʲôսݿԱģ޴սݣ޴Ҳһһ
սǰģǣʹ߼齨սݣҲֻǿлǣֱкŪսݡ
޴򣬱кǣ֮ģҪ̫࣬ȫһްԡ
ȴ˵飬ʩչ˷ص֮ͨһްԣνأͷ죬ء
һްԣһҲСģһ֣ȫǿûߡ
ջ뽣֣һһǿĽâӽ֮ϱˣһƵġ
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һǿ˼㣬ٵǧ֮ǧ֮ʱѾǧϵ˲ˡ
Ϊһ弶µҪǧϵĿƼһһĸ߿ƼĽâն֮ʱ߿Ƽˡ
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˭˭ǵҪһпܣȻҪ˸ɵ
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ǧǵͳģһָܵģеǧǵͳߣֱӵˣģߵķʽ˻顣
ֵΣʱ̣һָ߸ϵˣҲܱˣеļкͿ־壬ǵ˼ġ
Ϊǧǵƿߣλ߸ϣƽʱǾƿɱȨҪʲôͿԸʲôġ
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һڻ𣬾֮ʱռֹڻ㣬նһµĽâ֮ϡ
ϸĽââǿᵽ˼㣬һ£նǧ֮ϣǧɵˣȻСġ
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һǿշڵ˽â֮ϣԽâ̫Ӱ죬ֻâϵâ΢һ㡣
֮â׺ޱȣǳԹһǿշڵڻ𣬿ԶԸ˵ġ
ǣһ̣һǿշڣ࣬ﵽ˳ǧ֮࣬һ𱬷еһ㣬֮ǿǾ춯صġ
һǿշڵڻ𣬴˽â֮ϣһڣýâ࣬ﵽһȡ
ܽâѾĵزǣȻᶨƵնˣ֮ƣס
ôܣôܣһâôǿᵽ̶ֳȣǧǿշڵȻκβã̫ǿˡ
У֣һ£Ǿˡ
ʲôڣԴȥģȫȥְ

һâȻ࣬ȴˣһȨߣǾֵ˼㡣
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ǧǲǧҪһķǿᵽ˶㣬ױȵġ
ǿշ֮⣬ǧ֮ϣǿչڣڻǿڣʹµһâĴˡ
ߣ弶Ҫ򣬷͹̫ǿˣҾͲţЩڻ𣬿һֱȥ
ԼһĴˣһЦûκΰյĸо֮£ٳһ͵ն¡


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ǧ֮ϣһ췭ظӰ죬ǼΪԶģƻһЩ˵棬ЩȻвˬ
ЩȨ˵ҲˬҾǣЩ˱ɱ֣Ҫɵ顣
ò˵̻ɱ֣ʵǿᵽ˼㣬ʹʵҲȫŽׯ׳ס
ʵ֮ˣǿ֮УȫԻú󣬵ǣھ̻߼̻ᣬׯ׳ȴֻһ
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ʵþ̻Ȩ߶ļˣٲڽ𻷵ϵɶˣٲͣˣֱӻȥˡ
Ȼ̻һγôĿֻвսӣЩȨߵУȻʮֲģ˵ģ
ȴҲһʽȻǲ֪ģʹ֪һ㣬ȴҲ⣬Լʮš
ɵ˾̻ˣٶȳˣֱǧ˵ǧǣҪǧǶ򱬣硢Ե֪ġ
֪ǧ˵ˣɱǧǵпܣеĲˬ֪ġ
еɱ⣬һӴﵽ˶㣬ǣֱɱǧǣһˡ
ջ뽣֣һֺɨصƣ·һնˣһַϯ֮ˡ
ջ뽣ĽâѾǿᵽ˼ˣһ֮£նΪ֮˺ѶһҪǰһУһնƵġ
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ǧһ򣬾޴˼㣬ֱԽصӣǿ֮Уռһϯ֮ء
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ȥҲУȥĻǧϵˣ¶Դˡ
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ѪԯɱؾϯһΪһҪɱ

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飬·һľ󣬾ɫʮأǣȴûʲô֮ɫ鵭ġ
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ɱɱɱӣһҪɱ㣬ȥɣɱ㣬ƽ
˲ǶҪɱˣɱɵ

תҪ뿪ʱ򣬴Ǵը֮У˲޴֮Ȼˡ
֮ޱȵ֮𶯶ˣ֮ǿᣬնҪ˺Ѷġ
޴ˣ֣һˣһޱǿɱˡ
Ӿ޴֮Уɱģһ֣߰ǻ£ȶϢϵĸ֣ʵǿޱȡ
ʵϵѾԳ֮Ϊһǿޱȵǿߣһ֣ؿѣʹ֮Уһʱġ
Ҳֻǿߣſھ޴籩֮Уʵ֮ǿᣬ֪ġ
һըǿ֮£ֻеϵϵǿ֣ſǿʹǼĴ֣ҪҪһġ
кõſĴը֮£õĻȻᱻһαըֱըġ
߰ϵĴ֣һ֮ʱǿ˲ˣԴյȥˡ
߰ϵĴ֣һѸͳˣ֮ȭ׷׳ȭˣˡ
֣߰ûãûγһϵƣǣ֮ʱȻȻģγһְΧ֮ơ
໥֮䣬ûȴ˲γһְΧ־Ժսʶ֪ġ
顭
ǿĴ֣һȭһ޾˲ˣˡ
˳ȭǿޱȵһ±ˣõ֮У֮Ʊһ㡣
Ǿ꣬һǿޱȣ鵱о߰˿ž޴ʯԼײˡ
ǿ֮еʯȻʮ֮󣬵ǣģȴҲԲСģһ֮ʱĳײ֮ǿޱȵġ
˾޴һĳߣĵλǼޱȵģ㲻ã³


593 
߰ϵĸ֣һ𼱳ˣһױȵˣۻ룬ѡ
˳֣ʹ飬о˼ѹвò֮⣬ǣȴ˿壬׼ǿˡ
߰˵ĳ֣ʵȻѾǿˣǣԸһЩвȴһЩġ
ߣҳ֣
һ֮£ŭˡ
һŭǿ֮£һȭ֮ƣմò㱬ѣ˺ѿһѺۡ
һ̣ǿƳˣһֱֻۣƴһȭӰƵģõղһӰӡ
һȭȭӰһģǿ˷ˣȭ߰ϵĸ֣˲˳ȥ
ֻһɼʵѾʮǿˣһȭ֮ɽһأƬ
ȭķϵĸ֣ʵȻǣȵĻȴʲôġ
һȭ˵Σһ٣֮УһͣˣȻٴβһȭ
ٴλһȭȭǿᵽ˼ģ˰ϵʱ򣬽˵Σˡ
òӳǧǴըİ֣ǿޱȵȭͷ֮£˲׷ױˣԿʵǿᵽʲô̶ȡ
⣬⣬ôܣ⵽˭λܣȻǧǶˣʵʵ̫ǿˡ
ȻԴһʵǾ춯ˣ˸˵֮Ⱑĸ֣֮⡣
˭ʲôˣȻ˵죬ѵ֪ǿյĹͬ׼ǲܴ򱬵ģĹͬ档
ħǾħ̫ǿˣ򶼸Ҵ򱬣ʵǵ죬һ
ܡΰɷ򰡣̫˲ˡ
ߣϢһҪųȥȻҴǧǣǧһϵˣȫɱ
ǧ˵ĸ߲׼ĴħһҪǿ֣ɱ

Ϊǧ֮УҪҵǧǵľӪ˲õģ𻷵ϵ֮У֮ǰ
˵ǧǵΧÿһʱÿһ̣ԴԴϵķɴսʻˡ
Ϊ̶֮ǰڸոյһ´ը֮УвٳñȽϽķɴսֱӱˡ
ֱը޵ģܳǧ֮Զǧ֮Զľ룬Ѿ𽥼ˡ
̶ֳȣ滹δһЩսͷɴȴûбǧǱ˵龰ļݴߣ׷׺Ȼˡ
ԳǧǸЩɴǧе̶ӣǽ𻷵ϵе̶ӣȴԲǸԶһЩ̶ӡ
˵ǧ˵̶ӣʹǽ𻷵е̶ӣǧ֮䣬٣ҲһЩϵģָ֮£˾ҴǧǣΪ֮£ǧ˱档

ǧ˵ĸǣҲǧ˵ľáĻģķǧе򣬶Աġ
ǧ˵࣬Ǵǧ˵ĸ֮߳ģȻǧ˵ĸǻʮַٵһط
ǣǧ˵ķչǧ˵ʵԽԽǿյԽԽ࣬ĸǵĵλûôҪˡ
ǧѾΪ弶ڽ𻷵ϵ֮Уһʮǿˡ
ĵλãĸȻٲҪȥˣǧ֮У˺üģǧǱ֮һ
Ϊ˵ǧǣΪǧѾˣΪʷǧ˵ĴǲСġ
ǧ˵ĸǣȻǧ˵ľˣȴȻκĻģǧеҪλʮ֮ߵġ
ǧĸǵһܾݵ֮Уһʮ־޴Ĵ֮УʮˣΧһųеգһʱʮֳˡ
ľݵ֮У̵˼㣬ʮûһ˵ֱһʱһİ
дǵ죬ûһȻҽǧǴ򱬣ħоеΪС
һߣзŭ֮£Ͳסˣһֻһǰһ졣
ͻȻ֮䣬ȥһƣȻǲ᲻صģߵһֻƣ֮ڣһӡ
һˣཫķŭ˳
Ҵǧǣ˳ѵ˲ĵز취ɱˡ
򣬶һ˵Ҫǧ˵ıԴֻвٿţȻһűԴ
޷죬ֽ֮ɱǧ˲в
취˽ɱ˱Ҫ۸ôĴۣҲһҪ֮ɱ
ǣ֮ǰɳ˾޴ս飬ûκε˶Է֣ôס
ǰҲûҹǿ֣̻߳ܶʲôӰ죬θɵùǡ

ʮǧ˵ĸ߲㣬ƹһƬķ⽮һֱӵĽʵɡ
ǧǵ飬ǧ˵ĸ߲֪ˣŭ֪ģһ飬Ҫɱ顣
һ򱻴򱬣ǧ˵Īʧ˵ǧģӰΪСġ
Ⱥ鼤ܣзŭӿȵĴˮĻƵģں֮ϣİˡ
νİ£ʮˣǸ߸ϣȭʵǿᣬΪڣƣʮϾ
һŭӰ죬ǲСģƷӿİ಻
ǿƣһΪʵˣֻ֮£ܵӰѹȣʹҲ̫ܵġ
죬˵仰ɣ£Ӧô㡣
һ׵һ˵
׵һˣһʮߣͣʵʵʵ䣬Ҳ֪ж
͵ͬ˵ͣʵڲüʮ꣬˵Ѿˣܸġ
֮⣬һʮˣʮ꣬Ҳǲ޿ܵġ
׵ˣ˶һƣȴޱȣһɽѹ
һƣص˼㣬׵ʮˣγ֣һƶһ㡣
ʮǧ˵ĸ߲㣬ŭ𣬳òɿʱ׵ߣһһ㷴ӦûУֻ·ʮ˻Ҷ
ȻȻҴݻǧǣǧ˵˳ѾˣҪ취Ǹħͷɱ
׵˫һУڿˣһڱ㶨ˣʾԼļ̬ȡ
Ա̬ȣ׵ʮˣһϲ׷ϲɫˣʮָ˵ģ


594 
һңʵѾǿᵽ˼㣬һ֮ڣ˿⡣
һʮԶϾǧꡢ꣬ʮһ飬Ѱޱȡ
˵ڵϣĴУǧ֮ãһľɢõĴС
ȻҲȻǴʮ־ԶȴҲжϾµġ
˵ǧһ弶ܲ߼һȴҲʮ˵õģ弶ϵɵֵ
ǧ˵ʵһ弶δؿԱģ˵ҪԸһˣ׵˼㡣
ǧȨߵһ֮£ǧ˵˷Ӧڵսսݣһˡ
糱ϫ䣬ǧ˵Ȩߵĵ֮£ǧս֮Уһˡ
ǧ֮սǿ֮ʻһƬһ㣬ֳһյľʮԵ
һƬ֮УսһƬƣԽκѹƬġ
һ弶ʮ˵õģرͷһֻսǸǾ޴ޱȣսݡ
һսﵽֱǧ֮޴ģȫһ˼ľްԣ𾣼̻һսݣҲֻһѡ
޴һսݴͷųǧսһǾޱȣȫԻһ΢һЩ弶
ڶսγɵȺ壬֮кУٶȲ첻ȴᶨƵǰУ֮ǹףǿᵽ˼
ǿ֮Уһ˵Ǽʺ֮ǣһս֮ҲŵҪﻹҿ
һǿޱȵսǧԭڵĵطʻȥˣûö೤ʱ䣬㵽˵ط
ǧԭ֮Ϸ޾ĸ߿֮һҾ޴սݣһͣһսͷһս޽С϶ٵӡ
ӵеһսݣڴǧ֮龹ȻԸ뿪֪͵졣
ŻʻһսʮֵȻǷׯ׳ɫ΢΢һˡ
ؿŭǧ˵ȨˣǱ֮ŭȻôսһ
ǰʻһսׯ׳ɫһص˼㣬˵һֻӣǧ˿ļްɣǧ˵нӣ¶һ£˳
һ弶ʵжǿԵǿׯ׳Ϊ߼Ĵ֣Ȼ֪һģԲµһЩġ
һս޽ԲʵǾ춯صģʹԸ켶ĸ֣ûκġ
켶ĸ֣൱ɵĴڣʵ֮ǿνǾ춯صģǿ֮ߣȥ磬˼㡣
Ϊɣͬڷ˵Ĵڣˣɿһ֮أǧ֮ãûκġ
켶ĸ֣ʵһģǿӵһĴڣʵȻǿᵽʲô˵ĵز
ĸ֣ʮģǣһʮǿĽӵĻʹǶ켶ĸ֣ҲԵֵġ
ׯ׳ʵǲˣһ֣춯أɱһЩ֣ûʧֵġ
ϧڶԸʱʧˣסˣҲ޷ա
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һɴƣһɿԺۻޱȵˣ÷ĵԴһ
ʵѾǲˣȻδɵľ磬ǣҲԲģѾǿһľ硣
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ѾӵǿΪʵҲΪǿˣԶԷһսȻ֮⣬һսǿᣬ֪ġ
Ψ飬һ㶼⣬һЦʮĵܺãЩͣûйҵ˽ӣ̫ˣֻҪһ֧ˣǧ˵Ĵ󲿷ʵӦûᱻɡ
֮У޵еİʻһսİԵɼһߡ
ۼսԽԽˣɫ΢֣һЩһ֮£ս֮У˲ʧˡ
δս֮ʧһγ֮ʱѾս֮ˣ̤գɼˡ
𲽶Уǿ֮ߣƽһ㣬һƾسɴ
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ҪսĿУһڹעǰͻȻһ˳ˣ˽ӵǰɫˡ
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Ϊһʵǿǧ֮УλʮֲͣԽӴţȻҲġ
֮£һһ˾Ȼ֮У֪ˣͻȻֵһˣʵѾǿᵽһĵز
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ʲôˣΪʲô
ˡ
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ڵʱ򣬾޴սݣƻһƿ˵һǿǿ֮лصޱȡ
ǿ֮䣬һ޴սݣ֮񣬸ȥʹǸ֣Ҳġ
ǣ֪ͨʲô֮ԶԶƿɱ鲼еÿһ䡣
ǲҪԸΪǵǰȴʶ
һ˵
һ⻰ЩˣвһЩ֮⣬û뵽֪ᱻ׷ɱ֮£ǰʵǵ찡
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ս֮Уͷսǿ֮䣬뻹ǼԶģ˫֮䣬ٴﵽ˰֮Զ
ҲӵһЩʵΪǣҲ֪˶١
ľ룬ԽĿģս״֮ϣҲֻɿһЩԵķţ۲Ļܿĳࡣ
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һ֪֮£ʹ棬Ҳ뿴ʵԣ֪Ҫɱˡ
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˵Լ֮ʱ΢΢һˣɫ΢Ȼһ£־ʮֵļᶨ
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Щڻȷʵʮǿᣬһ֮ʱǿᵽ˼㣬һ֮˿ԱģǿԵֵ
еڻȥʱ򣬺֮УһƬ޵Ŀռ䣬ҪѺۣ˺ѶƵġ
ǿڻ֮ʵ̫ǿˣʹׯ׳ĸ֣ڻ֮ʱҪֵҲ׵ģҲҪˡ
ȳǧ򻹶ڻһ֮ʱ𵴣֮ǿ飬Ҫ֣Դġ
֣ص˼ʱ̣ڶˣһ֮£˲ˣеĴջ뽣ǰһն
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ССĴջ뽣һ֮£ȻѸͱ󣬶̶ʱ֮ڣһŰƵľ޽
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һ֮£ǿƵģһ֮ǿᣬ˼㣬еڻȫˡ


595 
Ϊ˶Ը飬ǧ˵Ȩߣ±ǮַӴճһ֧ǧ֮ڡ
һ֧ǿĽӣʵǼΪǿģȥһ弶ĽһҪҪŸɡ
һ֧ӿ˹һڣǧڻһǰ֮ʱһǿᵽ˼ˡ
ǧڻǿ֮кЩ֮Уǿչڡǿںͷڵȵȣָľڡ
ǧڻһ𱬷ڻ֮ʱһǿᵽ˼һ±ˣǿޱȡ
ǧڻĸطҪ޲ɣնܵ𶯣һ˿˿Ѻۡ
ǿڻ֮鶼ܹ֮ڻ֮Ҫ˲ɡ
ǧһ֮ʣ˲ˣеĴջ뽣ޱ֮ƣǰնɱˡ
еĳȼһ𣬴̫𣬻֮ȣһգһƬգ֮ƣҪðƵġ
ȼܻĴջ뽣ޱȵնɱˣ֮ݺᣬЩǿڻ𣬱һն׷ױѡ
һ֮ƣ޿ɵֵģڶڻñ֮Ȼֹͣǰɱˡ
һ⣬һһĹâһ֮£նɱһ֧ӵǰͷսնȥˣƲɵ
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һâŴջ뽣ȥ֮ʱǿᵽ˼㣬֮֮Уһ㳾̣պһ
ջ뽣ʹ֮£ȷʵʮɣɵ廨룬·ɣȻܿ˴󲿷ֵļ⡣


596 һ
սСĿռ֮ڣǧ֮С׶֮Уļ⣬ڶ࣬Ѿһ˼ĵز
˶ļ⣬ղŵ뷢ҪŨ࣬Ѿһ˼Ũȣ޿ɱˡ
ܼĴ֮£ջ뽣Ȼʮɣ·֮£ܿ˴󲿷ֵļ⣬ǣбܲȥġ
ܲȥվǱܲȥջ뽣âУ֮˫ޱȵġ
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һâ˴ջ뽣֮ϣ֮ңǶ켶ĸ֣ҪССһЩġ
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ջ뽣֮£ҵĲˣƾʲôһ㣬Х̶ޱȡ
Щʮģǣڴջ뽣û̫ˡ
ջ뽣΢ζһ֮󣬱һˣԸΪҵƣǰնɱȥˡ
ǧﷶΧ֮һݣҪѰνʮּѵģԲǶʱ֮ڿġ
Һãûôɵ෴ʮִԸһЩԵ˼顣
֮ǰһ֮̽£Ѿ¿ȷˣһսݵƿߣսݵʲôطʶɱȥˡ
֮ңأôջ뽣һһɵ˼㣬·ɣ׵˼㡣
һ֮£Ѱ˿ңջ뽣һն֮£ȵĽ֮ˣһֺɨ֮ƣǰȥˡ
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һ֮£ҵĴţһ㣬һƬâĻ֮£˿
ֻǼ򵥵һնʵбãǲٵģ·һ㣬ӰΡ
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ʮһž壬ڽĴ߷֮£һƬâĻ֮£һ߻еսףˡ
âʧ֮󣬽ҲʧˣԭֻʣһĻеսһɱ뺷Ϣӻеս֮ϣˡ
һ߻еսף̫󣬸ҲһɵӣڶĻеս֮УڱȽСŵġ
˻еսСȴʵģһЩͼ߼ĻеսףҲֺġ
ջ뽣ڻ˿ҵŻ֮󣬵Ըƣնɱˣ֮ĵ绡
ջ뽣֮ϣ̫ӿģ֮Ѿһ£ʱ澹Ȼе绡˸ˣʹóһ¥
һն룬δ֮ʱ֮УѾ䡱һ죬˱ӿˡ
޴֮Уһֲ֪ˣڴջ뽣ն֮ʱը˿
һǿޱȵڱը֮ʱӿˣôջ뽣һˣ֮ϣֹ֮һ㡣
·ȥܣȻ񾭷仡һһ֮䣬ǿᵽ˼Ľһһɢˡ
ڴ֮Уͣ򶨣񱬵ĽŴӴջ뽣֮ϱ㱻һĪˡ
ɰǧĽγһһ˷֮ǾС
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һĽնɱ֮Уʧˣƴڹһ㡣
Ӵջ뽣֮أΧһƣԿʧǲڣǱһĪˡ
ջ뽣ĽȴҲһɼҲûУڴջ뽣ܵһĪˣɢȥ
ˣ
һԽ֮£ջ뽣ٴһնˣ޿ɵֵƣ˺̶һǰһն
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һն£֮ѹȵÿһһĪǿᵽ˼·նˡ
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顱һ˫֮£һȦȦƲһ֮ķײǽ֮ϣҵǽڣһѺۡ
⻹ˣЩ֮ɵƻǺ˿̨֮ϣ̨ϵһЩ֮Էˡ
֡սĿ̨ܵƻ뾡άޣԱ֤սܡ
̨֡Ĺ⵽ƻûмʹ޸ϵͳάսĻԱ
ķɢŽеĿ̨ƻ֮У˼Х;֮쳹𣬴˶Ĥ
̨Ĺ⵽ƻһʱ䣬϶ҪάޣΪʹջ뽣棬޷ڳά޿̨ǣսԶ˱ϵͳ
һķɴսûбõĿϵͳǣǿսͷɴȴһ
һӵսݣɲһľսǾͷսǿ棬ʮ˵õġ
װбϵͳһ̨⵽ƻϵͳãϵͳһ⵽ƻһսݣȻ׹١
ҪϵϵͳȴûôףһӵбϵͳľϵͳȻô׾ͻᱻҵġ
Եľʮļȴ˿ķģԴջ뽣ҷġ
ջ뽣ʵ̫ǿˣ֮УֻһХ֮쳹
ջ뽣֮£һǿᵽ˼Ľӳϣˣһ˷նɱ֮ƣýҪȫſɵֵ
Ӵջ뽣ϱǿὣҪеԽһնɱ֮£֮УǱһ
žı֮£ǿޱȵĽնɱ˽Ļеս֮ϣȻһϸСĿ׶
ֻϵĸ֣۷ϵĳߣǣ붴켶ȴһ֮ң
ֻҪһһȴ򵥣ԿԽҲһ֮ңһ˵ˡ
һ֮ң˵ֻһǣһľ룬ȴɽԶ͸ˣһ׵ĿԽ͸᳤ʱĿԴ
Ծǿһλ֣붴켶վӣǣǿĻеսףǲ붴켶ĸ档


597 ħ
һϵĸ֣˵ʵѾˣǣҲҪ켶ĸ໹ǲСġ
ǿߵս֮Уϵĸ֣ʲôģҲ˵һɣȴҲʵڲС
Ϊһϵĸ֣ʵˣټϻеս׵Ļսﵽ˲˼ĵز붴켶ĸִս
ʻеսףսԴﵽˮ׼ϣʹ۷嶴켶ĸ׷ɱ
ϧһΣ飬ΪһɣսǴﵽɵˮƽǿᵽ˼㡣
ǿս棬ڼؼĻеսףջ뽣һնһꡱ֮УķѶˡ
еսһȥջ뽣ͷһ㣬һķâӿɱˡ
˼Ľâһն£ﲻƣƬ֮䣬㽫ͷ­ն˳ȥ
һ黹ݣջ˴ջ뽣֮һǰĳˣһֻγɵľ޴ƣǰˡ
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һֻ޴ƣһĶ֮ʱգ𵴲ѣһ͵ˣҪǿպһ̮ĺڶ
޴һֻƣʵڲСﵽ˷Բ֮㣬һӣȫС
һֻ䲻Сﵽ˲˼ĵزǣԲﵽǧսǺܴġ
ԲһֻƣͷԲǧսݣСһĿȻģһĶ֮ʱȴǿᵽ˼㡣
ңңһƣս֮ϣնˣγһֲƣսݾȻסˣźȥˡ
Բﵽǧ֮һսݣﵽ˲˼ĵزһɽ壬ֺġ
һҾ޴սݣеĶϵͳҪ֮ʻ̫׵ģ˵һ֮ˡ
һ֮£ȴƿԴ߶һɽƵģõսź󷽻ȥˣһ̣ѷˡ
һΣǰַĿɲһսݣһ֧ӣֻսݴͷѡ
޴սһˣź󷽻ȥһ̣䡱һײ˺󷽵ս֮ϡ
һײ˾춯صʹû죬ǿ籩ΧʮķΧ֮ڣ
޴սݣײ˺󷽵ĵһս֮ϣսը˿ǿ籩ȴ󷽵ļսһΧ£С
һ£һӦǿᱬըγ˲ıһͣϢġ
顭
䡭
һƬͣϢıը֮УеһսεڱѶˣը˷顣
һ֧ڵĵطȫ˻ģһټ಻صݡ
ǿޱȵĴը֮£һ֧еսͬͷһսݣһըȥ
һƬǿգȫΪ˱ը֮أǿγɵĹ֮ƣ鶼ɵˣҹڿֻԶš
Щһһ˳һĻ޾Զȥһһˮ֮Уһơ
һƣһһػأֲƵѾǿᵽ˼㣬֮һжΪ˳
֮С͵ʯһ֮£ᱻĥɷĩ泾
ǿıը֮ģһ̮ˣ氼ݶ룬γһС͵ĺڶ
һ㿪ʼһС͵ĺڶˣһɼǿǿʯͷ֮Ʒ뵽Щڶ֮С
ڶɵһ̣ɫ΢΢һˣεһΣΪһâ˲Զ

𻷵ϵظɵ۹۹ģһ߸ϣĸ֮ϣվһˡ
ǧĸﵽǧ֮ߣ𣬺һԴƲ񷡣
ڷظɵ۹֮УߵĽһ߸ϣϴʵһʮ
һɲǽô򵥣ϵͳ֮еķһΪ֮ǿ֪ˡ
һɲܹͨӵеģǷظɵ۹ĵĵһǿߣأѹ˷߷ħľӴ
ظɵ۹ڽ𻷵ϵ֮Уռһϯ֮أ˴һƬأռǧĵطγһ۹ħ𵽵ãǾԵġ
ظɵ۹һ뼯Ȩĵ۹еȨڵħУˣܵλߣܺħƿء
Ϊһ춯صǿߣΪظɵ۹ߣħϲ飬վڸϷԼĵ۹
ظɵ۹ɲͨĵ۹ô򵥣ǽԽǧһ޴۹ʵ֮ǿﵽ˲˼ĵز
һգħڸϷԼĹңĿƾ˴ԽǿյԽǧ򣬶۵Ƶġ
Լĵ۹ħϣ֮ɫǺ֡
ͻȻħɫ΢΢һ䣬һתſԼĺ󷽣һˡ
һƶʮ꣬ͲϵȴʮŨأһƮƮɵʣһһ֮䣬ͱԴʣںϵһ
˭Ϊʲô
ħа裬ʵ
Ϊظɵ۹ĵһ켶۷ĸ֣ħһֱǸ߸ϣԣȻʵʩ˵Υġ
һԵߣһ򲻻˽һвˬȻ֣˸ˣʮ
˰ħ֮ʱȴûеһʱ䷢ϵɫЩأǶ˼ɵ
Ϣ˷ħ꣬飬ŷħʻɫһֻĵһ飬Ұˡ
գǧ֮أһ֧ǰԸԼĽӣԣϣȴ֧ӡ
һ֮һ֧棬ʵȫ֮£Ȼһ֧ʰˣһ˴ɼˡ
ڽӸɵ֮ûǧ˵ĽˣԼٶȣ˷ظɵ۹ΪΪѰҷħ
˵ħظɵ۹ڽ𻷵ϵǿĹңħʵȴǽ𻷵ϵ֮ǿģһĶ켶֣ȷʵǿ˲١
Ұ£ʲô飿
ħһߴ飬һüͷʵ
Խ飬ħȻԽʵǿɻ֮£Ҳˣûô򵥡
ܸоʵǿô׶Ըģǣ龹ȻķʽԼȥһ飬ħУΪͷġ
ŭЩͷǣΪĵϸԣħӣϻ򣬱Ȼһġ


598 ̬
ҪϷǧˡ
ɫ࣬һһٵ˵
ʲôϷǧˣǺ⣿
ħһЩԵĵ
ҷظɵ۹ǧ˵ĹϵȻ㲻ϺãǣҲûĵزңǧ˵ʵɲڽ𻷵ϵ֮УҲһģ𵶱Ƕɱˡ
Ϊظɵ۹ĵħû׳־ǲܵģʵͰһϡ
ֻħҲɵӣȻ֪ǧ˵ʵǿȻһ˼ĵزظɵ۹Ҫ߳һġ
ʵﵽ˵زǧˣظɵ۹ҪǿһħɲԷɱһˣܴܲǧҲ˵ظɵ۹¶ҪܵСĴˡ
׷ħĹ˼ɣ΢΢һЦ˵ĵģһֻҪ˵ȫҪģǧ˵ҪѾҽˣʮֿ飬ֻҪԻúô
Ŷµ棿
ħɫһȴǰŰɡ
Ҫ˶ãӦþͿԵõϢˣʱԸ
һ˵ϣһɼǿڶƷϯһ
˵ʵνǿѾһ˼ĵزһ֣ѣӵ
ʱƱŷħѹȶȥ֮ʱһǿ÷ħоһɽҪѹȶˡ
չֶƣħ֪ˣ˲ãʵʮǿᣬԼûаҶԸ
ûףħȴҲԸƣϾΪһһֱ߸ϣħҲԸƣ˱ȡ
µϢģȻԸ
ûôԥħӦ
ղţħ֮ԥΪʵûаգǧ˵ʵȫ֮ǰǧ˴սֵ˺á
Ҫ˵ħҲǺ¶֮ˣظɵ۹ڷħ֮£һ㽨ģ֪ȷʵһǿĹҡ
Ϊظɵ۹ĿħֶȻʮѪȣǣһӢľ
һԣȴħɵ෴ʮִʮ˵ãĺ
ڽ𻷵ϵ֮еĹң弶ʵ࣬ʹ࣬ȴҲġ
ڽ𻷵ϵ֮Уǧ˵ʵӦǿˣظɵ۹ҪǿһЩȴҲǿ̫ࡣ
ͬ𻷵ϵеңظɵ۹΢һЩǣ࣬ҲԲ̫ԡ
ʹԷħԣϣظɵ۹ԳΪһǿĹңȴҲҺжܵͬȹҳ֣Ϊһս£ؽɼʧ
ֻʧûкô飬ħǲɵģˣǰЩɣԸӦ
ĵ˵ǧ˵ʵõ˼ʧħһûᣬ˸һ
뵽еСأħҲΪֵϣռˣȴӦһصӡ
Դ֣һ̸ֱȨղţ÷ħеȵ˼ħУȻˬЩ
£ҿԴӦҪ󣬲ȴҲʶһ£ʲô£ҵĵȥ硣
ħĵ
֪鲻׶ԸǣħҲһ֣ʵʮǿ֮ˣĶ֡
ϣʮأԲԸһ˱ȵԣ齻֡
һսħܹʤǾһ˵ȻռݾԵϷ磬ôô
ʤˣȴҲûʲôħҲнڣͬʱԼηǿȨ̬
ħڷظɵ۹֮УһѪ̬ȻѪһȻʮ˵õģ̬Բܶˣ򣬱˵ظɵ۹һЩ˻ߣͻе뷨
ܷħǿʵʮǿᣬνǿ˼㣬ԽڵһͷԵѹȥȴҲζûзԵ
ЩԵصʮ˼㣬ƽʱҷǼɵħǿʵ
һħֳһ̬ЩͷԵһǲưոݵġ
ԣħһҪάԼǿѪ̬ʤǰܣֻҪԼ̬ˡ
ϾħʵʹʤˣҲ֤ħУʵ̫ǿ
ңʱ˾㶵ģ㶵²ҪģֻҪħԱǿӲ̬ʤˡ
Ŷô˵Ҫһˡ
бۿħ鵭ĵ
ħҲαֱϵȻܸܲµƾһտڰҷظɵ۹ĶѪɡ
ħˬ죬ЩˣĵǺãȻˣҾһ
̶η׷ڳ˸Ÿ߿֮Ϸȥˣ˲֮䣬뿪
˿ޱȵǿ֮УͷħԶ໥֮ľ룬ﵽǺԶˡ
£׼ˣҪˡ
ңң飬ħص˵
֮ľ룬ǺԶˣľ룬ҪſԴһ֮£ǲܵġ
ǣħ˵֮ʱȴĶš
ȻһƵģ鵭ĵǺãͳְɡ
һ䣬ħҲˣһǰ̤ȵһҶֹˡ
ڷħһ̤֮ʱ֮һĲƣˣ˷ɢˡ
һ̤֮ʱħһȦȭͷϵǿᵽ˼㣬һȭһգ𵴲ֹ
ǿᵽ˼ƳһȥˣҪһжӣ֮һжˡ
͵һȭɫ˿䣬һеȭͷ
һȭһ֮ʱһǿᵽ˼ǰȥˣħײһ
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һһײһ֮ʱ˲˼ǿһըˡ
ӿһΪģѸɢˣγĲƣһһ£ҪһƬռ䣬˺ѶƵġ
һȭԷǿ飬ȭȻǰȥת˲֮䣬͵˷ħǰ
ʱħɫһص˼㣬Էֹҵæٳһȭ
һȭִ֮䣬õȻδȫǣȴԽȭˡ
һȭħȴҪȭӦʹɵҲ֪ʵԼǿǿ˲ֹһ㡣
о֮£ħһ֮£еһһƷһ֣ħϵƣøǿˡ
һɷϯӷħϣˣƿɾ𳾰ˣǵصƣѹȶȥˡ


599 ʩѹ
ħΪﵽ˶켶۷ĵزңսһ㶴켶۷ĸ֣ʤ˲ֹһǿޱȡ
ǿߣ֮£ܹĪ˵г˳ֵı
һȣУħһǰȻûѰƣֻƵ΢һ㡣
磬ħеĹ֮ʱȵļָ֮ȻһŤһС͵ĺڶһ㡣
Ť֮ƳһУδ֮ʱѾһΣյĸоǿвԼĸо
һΣյĸоһɲҵһָ΢΢һ㣬һɼĺХ֮ջ뽣ն¡
ǿᵽ˼㣬һնɱ֮ʱ֮У֮Ժɨһеˡ
һȺһǿ֮У䲻ݷײһ𣬽˹ȵһͷ޾˲ˡ
ڹϵһСͺڶջ뽣һϣһ֮ڴջ뽣Ľ֮ϱˡ
Ӵջ뽣֮ϣӳǿޱȵ̫ȼ֮£ǿᵽ˼㣬һС͵ĺڶյ̮ˡ
һ̮ǧǿޱȵõɽӱɫ޹⣬ǿͣġ
һڶһĴڣһɢһ˺յѺۣ·磬ա
һն£Ƴ˷ħһ黹ݣٶȳˣ˫ãƴһӰ
һһɺƴޱȵƣȻڶˣʹôջ뽣ˡˡļ֮쳹ˡ
Хָٴǰˣջ뽣ǰ͵նȥһն֮£֮УնһĹ֡
Ĺ֣Ӷ·һǵԿԽޱȰ
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ǧһ֮ʣħҵæˣеʵȫӶˡ
еıԼ׷˳ȥǰһߡ
һ߲£ʵޱȣ֮ǿѾ˽ղĵزǣڴջ뽣һ֮£ȴֵ
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Ǳһ쳹ˣ籩ϯ֮ʱҪһжƵġ
һƿջ뽣޿ɵֵնɱ˷ħǰ֮һоǼġ
һƿջ뽣նɱǰ֮ʱһĽƿƿһƵģһصΣգִüĲλ
ħҵһ֮£һ¶һֻȭףϱޱȵĹʣ˸оˣܿޱȡ
صȭͷǰͺˣѸ˲˼ٶȣ˴ջ뽣֮ϡ
һ֮£ȭͷɺ䱬һе˴ջ뽣֮ϣɢݺи
һĺХ֮಻쳹ˣһֺɨ˷ƣԲʮﷶΧڵһУն˷顣
ȻǿһħȴҲûֻۣһ̣оһ͵˼شħΣ
ħΣֹźĶˣһľ÷ħȫܵ˴ˣһѪˡ
һѪǽüѪһˣɼħܵ˺жء
ˣջ뽣Ľ֮ڷħȭͷ֮ϣѳһ˿ڣһֻǿȭףȻҲ½֮
֣ͣˡ
ջ뽣һӿ̫ڣĽݺᣬ֮һҪ
ʱħˣһȣȴѾˣʵԼҪǿ˲١
Ҫ󣬷ħжвˬǶԼкô飬ǣǿ£Էħ˵϶ʮֲˬġ
Ϊظɵ۹ĿħǾһλѪʵǿᵽ˼㣬ʹڽ𻷵ϵҲһĴڡ
𻷵ϵ֮У弶ȻҲʵǿĴڣһλλĸִڣǣЩֵΪҲǶ켶ѡ
켶ĸ֣Ѿգˣǿһ֮ѹһͼʵ֮ǿ֪ġ
ʵʵѵã֮ˣԵֵ˵ħǶ켶֮еĶڣǿԸӵĵز
ǿߣ˵õģİ֪˵ǷħѪˡ
һƴڣħʵԼʵ໹ǲСġ
ֲĴڣħǳˣΪԼԴ飬ԣòˡ
µʵȻǿǺðɣǧ˵飬Ӧˡ
ħ˵

̴˵ĸǣ׶֮Уκѹʣ޴ǿ֮ѹȶˣʹһ֮ϣһɺصѹȡ
һ̴֮˵λȨߣһλΪǿе鹪һεĵˣѾˣսǧˣ˷ġ
ãϣسŵ򣬺֪
һ侯ʾĻΣڿнȥ

ٹ£ŷһλʵǿᣬһ֧֣ʵǿᵽ˼㡣
ΪħҲֺʵҪʤһ
˵ħǽ𻷵ϵһǿߣʵ֮ǿǾ춯صģǣȴҲ˿ġ
ǣ൱֮УʵԵõһ̶ȵļǿǾǿᵽ˼㡣
طͷħһս˵ʵԶǣ֮ϣһʤһġ
Σ֮ϣԼ˵֮󣬹Ȼϣ಻ˬһս
ڹ֮УеƶȣǸ߸ϵģʱ䳤ˣѾû˶ٸ顣
øӵĮΪԼˣǸ߸ϵѾ˵ķΧ
ʵΪ˶켶ĸ֣ҲԳΪˣǿޱȵɣûʲôġ
Զ켶һʵȣɼѾˣֻ͵ɼңվɡ
ԣ켶ĸ֣ΪԼɣҲûʲôģ˼ġ


600 ս
ʵǿߣվԼĽʵѾ˶켶۷壬ֻһԽСǧ缶ĸ֣İȡ
ǣ֮䣬ٲһսһս𣬵ϯϯ˷ҪһжƵġ
һսȷʵþ춯أħһս֮ʱҪǿġ
˼ҵһսҲʹ֪֮ϣʵȷʵȷħǿҲֻǿһ߶ѡ
Թָڽ̵ģѲһԲϣ֣˼һηսֱ
ʵȷħ΢ǿһЩȴҲǿ˶٣ֵ£һ֧Ų˶á
ħʹ죬ɾҪī࣬ȻҪʹһЩĵķӱһ㡣
϶ǲưոݵģһٱ֮£ͷ³ǽһҵġ
óܲˣڣʵˣҪʵҲˣֻôӦҪճǧˡ

𻷵ϵ֮УĹ֮⣬һЩһʮǿᣬʵЩ弶֮µĹңһҲ
𻷵ϵΪλн𻷵ƣϵ򣬺һѽ˿󻷵֮⣬ΪһĴڡ
ڽ𻷵ϵ֮еĳý𻷵ţһʹõţǲһλ֣ȻСǧ缶ĸ֡
Сǧ缶ֵţ˵Ӧô׿ȥģǣСǧ缶ĸ֮£ûгĸˣԣ𻷵ŲԽԽġ
νӣһһ𻷵žԽԽķʽ˽𻷵ϵĳΧ
𻷵ҲѾʧˣд˵ģһԭ𻷵ŵˣγ˴š
Ľ𻷵ţſҪģ붥֮ţǣһЩ弶Ĺң治϶١
һȻҲŹģһ⣬ŵһǬսһüޱȡ
ϧڽ𻷵ϵ֮УûпƥĴڣһǬˣ޷ֻдӦҪ

ĳһգǿ֮Уһ·ˣһԳǿսأǧ֮ڣƵȥˡ
ڶһзظɵ۹۹̴ˡš𻷰ͻҺ֯ȵȡ
ûһǸ˵õģڽ𻷵ϵ֮УʵһģǰеĴڣƵ۾һˡ
ЩҺ˲õģһʵ֮ǿѾǾ춯ˣһǿᵽ˼ġ
ÿһ˺ƺƵĽӣս֮࣬ǧ򣬺ƿмޱȾҵ
ôĽӣһǧɱȥ֮ʱЩ֮ϣֻҪһģнǴ󾪡
ʶ˴սıЩҪǰȥǧλˣȥˣԶԶĸߣֶѡ
ÿһӵٶȿǿ쵽˼µģգһӶӵĽӣ͵ǧ˵Χ֮ڡ
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ǧ˵Χ֮ڣǿͲ˼ӵģеغ֮䣬ûзŹġ
еĿռ䣬˼ӣԣֻҪ뵽ǧ˵Χ֮ڵģһ紵ݶᱻġ
֮ǧ˵ĸ߲㣬צӣȫʢ֮ʱʹôһ֣򲻹ֵӦûġ
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۶ʿݸַϵǿչڡڡڡ֮ڣһ
ǧ֮УһϣװгǧľڣָľڶУԲͬ
ЩȻжǣǲģһڣڻ֮Կɽգһն
жȻս߶ŵսǣضȻûġ
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ν꣬޴֣಻ڻ֮£һ򣬾һڹߴһһ֧ӣûа취
ô찡ڻ֮ʵ̫ǿˣǸûа취ְ⻹ô졣
һ֮Уһʿ򽫾ݰ
û£ٵȵȣܼڻ֮Ǽֲ˶á
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ÿһǧ˵֮ϣڣһ֮Ǿ춯أԷһ
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֮£ǧҪֵûܵģսĽУ㽥·硣
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һս꣬βǿǧˣڱȫϷˡ
ǧ˵ĸǣ˴һѣȫΪ˷棬սǧҵģʮֲҡ
˲ҵһս֮£ǧĸϵˣνʮҾſգĲˡ
˲ҵһ֮£ǧĸϵˣ˲٣ǧ˵ͷˣҲץסˡ
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죬ǧ˵Щ쵼˱ͷӣڹǧ˵ĸ֮Щץסͷˣٲһ˵黹ǿҪˡ
żնٵһ£һ߸߾еĴ󿳵ȥһ͵ľ֮£λͷ˵Դ׷ױȥ
ʱ˿̣޾ĸ߿֮ϣĿ֮У貵ĹâֶһƬڵǿգˡ
ڸ߸ߵ֮ϣտȥͷϵѪɸ֮ϣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ɱɱңɱɱңǺԣҲҪȥҪǵĹҲһˡ
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ǧ֮󣬺ǧϵĸ߲㷢˳ͻԽԽ󣬾Ȼǧ˵ĸ߲㣬Ҳǲ˴ӵսǰɱ顣
һ׮׮һǧ֮䣬ǿǳƺɲʲôԵ±Թˣ෴ۻСúܣβʹֶΣɵǧˡ

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ȴ˵һأΪأΪʵеǷַƣ˳رܡ
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˴磬ܵĵؽ磬ǰȥһУȥ֮أǳˡ
ڶڿնУطȥͻȻɫһ֮£Ȼı˷Ŷȥˡ
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ʵԲһۿȥ֪ʵԴﵽ֮
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̫ȻɵΪҲֻɳڶѣΪǶô
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ҲûкøеģǷеμееȽϲٵʲôö
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Ҳûеһ£ɲԸĺûᣬ͵룬ȡ
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˵ôҲһԱڳصؽҲǽֵµˢӣңҲӦòȱǡ
ǣǰȴսսһӢ̵ӣ鿴ߡ
Ǳż˵Ŀģǣ˵̫ӣȻв
ڣ黹ǰ಻סˣԳ׼һ֡
ʲôˣѵ֮飬Ǹɱֲɡ
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̫֮Уʮܳһԣ̫ӵףɱ˵ĶС
ɱ˵ģй˼ɣҪˮͳˣЩ޹İգǲϵġ
ѾˬˣνǱŭ˼㣬ʱ龹ȻһӣҲˡ
̫֮ҲźҲԹˣɾȻһСӶλԹˡ
֮Աǵĵ
ʵһͬû˿ȫڷƨûվڵһߣƨƫ߸һߣҲƫ̫ˡ
һ޵Ļڳ֮ˣĿɿڴˣеŭʤ˲Ϊ˶ɱ⣬ӿȣ粨Ρ
еʮ⣬벻˰߸˵ʱûиеϲǣ֪Ϊʲôƫ߸
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һֻβ֮ǿ鶼оһ΢΢ϢĸоȻǲϢһѹʱһֱ۵ĸܡ
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һȭ֮ͬУһޣȭ֮ǿĳЩ˾ǿˡ
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Хϯˣεķ磬Ƶһ㣬޵ͬʱһѺۡ
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һ棬оˣһǿᵽ˼ϣΣĶˣڿУһһӡƵġ
һһӡ֮У·ˮϣµĲƣ˿˿ˮƵġ


603 
ΪһʿֶǸָвͬģǳΪ˵ʿһȫܵģޡ
Ϊһ壬ǺţƵһ壬֮ʱˡ벢Ϊ޵塣
ϧս֮㽥ûˣѾû䵽һزȻֻں֮ɻ
Ȼһȱ㣬ǣ̫ɵʵȴʮ֮ǿᣬһβͰڳ
ɾ֮ϵľ磬Ϊɡɡ̫ɡɡ޽ɵȵȣһļμ
ΪʵҲ൱ڵɶѣʵʵսȴҪǿ˲٣ɡ
Ϊһ̫ɣʮǿᣬһβһβ֮ǿա
Ϊ󾳽磬֮ǿ˼㣬һ֮ǰ˺Ѷˡ
ǿȷʵԵֵģβȭͷ֮ϣģźȥˡ
ȷʵǿ鲻٣ߣ֮̾ϣȴһġ
һ֣ռϷ磬ȴһצץˣצӵǿᵽ˼
һצץ£ޱȵģצ֮䣬˺Ѷޱ֮ƣоԼĴջ뽣ƶֺġ

˫һӡǡһ𣬵һȼյĳնɱˡ
ջ뽣֮ϣ̫ȼնԺɨ˷֮ϷӭӶȥˣֵϷץһֻצ
ģǿߵǰһ㶼ӲǣԼʵʱǿս
ӲԴС˵ļһһֻצץ֮ʱޱȵһնˡ
ջ뽣ȼյĻ棬Ϸӭȥˣת֮䣬һֻצһײһ
һջ뽣նɱצ֮ϣûκεһֻצԿצ
ջ뽣ȼն̫ȴʵ̫ǿˣΪ֮ļǿ棬һ˻̫ܲ
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Ϻ࣬еգԣһϣһûʲôоͬͬ壬һĹϵӦûǲġ
ڹŴ֮ͬͬ䣬һſԾַܸˣ鲢һطˣȻûʲôͬͬĽ˵
һʱĿԣ̵˼㣬֮󣬻˳Ĭȿ˵λС飬׵Ҫˡ
ڷ⽨ᣬ׶ԶӸֲãȻģǣȴԶײӣȱ˵У򣬻˵Ĳ
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605 ˾
ĺ̫ɣʹΪʮսȴǲ˲ֹһġ
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Թž˫ȭѵһ˵Ҳֻһɣʵ伫ޡ
ȻҪ߸ȴҲܽԼϣԣƲãҲǿȥֱӳˡ
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תһĹ˼µľ磬ǿʥһŹ˼µġ
תǿȴֻĹѣȱ仯ľȰ幦ʮ仯ޱȵġ
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ڰ˾ľƵģľʤһǾת͵ɷʮļ壬ǿġ
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˾ǿĹҲǣȴûԼĿԽһ˾С
ֻ̫Ūһǿ񣬵õһ˾֮ϲ


606 槼
ڷ֮У˾䲻һǿĹȴĴǿһŹ
ʥľǰ˾Ѿ۷壬ͨʮ仯ʵ֮ǿᣬǾޱȵġ
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ʮ͵ɷʮ䣬ֱɱʮʮ壬ÿһ壬ɲֹһ飬ǧǧ֮ġ
֮èһģѰèбӡϻһģȴֻһ仯ѡ
ԣʮ͵ɷʮ䣬ƲƵģʵÿһ仯仯ʮġ
ңÿһ仯࣬˶㣬仯ʮǿޣ˵èһ仯ΪģԱ仯Ϊ׻
ĴޣΪ׻ȸ䣬Ĵ޵ʵǾǾ춯صģǿᵽ˼㡣
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ӭŮߵһûʵĹٵȺɽ֮пٳһͨǣ·ȴ룬ʹ˼һŶУҲȻͨġ
Ȼһɫ槼Ůֱ߲ˣӭ槼Ҳǰྫʿ槼
ջ֮Ů槼ԭһܺõŮӣĵ֮ԳֶЫ槼˺ջ󣬻ֱӱ긽ˡ
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ۼ⽫Ҫ䵽֮Уȡ槼һΣţ׷һ㣬ɱ˹ȥ
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Ĺâɢ޾ӿȵıˣһƵģһУˡ
γɵ󷨣ʮ˵õģһѿ棬ԳʵһŮӵģ
һŮӣ泤ļӣһһҼĸоһֺĵĸоֱĵס
ұ֮գ־ᶨ˼ˣһ˫۶ɳвɫֱ
ʹ飬һŮӵ̬Ҳͻͻһ£Щ캶ҡĸо
־Ӳ䶯ôһ£ǣܿ͵־ļᶨһˡ


607 
Թĵ񻰴˵֮Ук꾫һ˵꾫˵õģͨξˣǣȻ˷棬츳
ֻĴ˵֮УҲ֪жٴ˵Ǻ꾫˵˵Щ꾫Ҳклġ
ִ˵Уĺ꾫Ⱥõĺ꾫Ҫģڻĺ꾫槼Ϊڵġ
꾫̫ãִᣬܻС꾫ɼ꾫̫ˡ
꾫ܳǴ槼ʼģ꾫ȷʵ槼꾫ڣǳޱȡ
ĵһŮӣһ֮£۾һɣδһұˣǣ־ʮּᶨģܿӰ졣
ĵŮ˺ַӦѹȥջȻǲҡǱ»ݻҪ»ݣ
ȥĶͣȻᶨƵȥγɵһߣŮһߣʼ¶˱
Ůɢȥ¶ģȻһ꣬һʮƯİɫ꣬ѩסѩ׵Ƥë֮У΢΢͸һۺɫ
꾫˱֮Уһ¶һƿӣѩ׺һ㵹һǿˡ
ǿޱȵһѩɫ꣬һˣװƿ档
꾫һȻʮּңȴ֮䣬ֳʤȻûоڳЩ͵ľʿ
ΪԼĴˣɳĻ;ʿ̹֮ΪǿʿһЩߣΪʵսǿޱȵġ
ЩʿʵѾΪǿˣȻû˵ľ磬ǣ֮УҲǼΪǿĴˡ
ΪʿȻʮֲǣˣǲģǸ꾫Ҳġ
ԣͺ꾫ĽսȻҲΪСЩһ£ȴûз־
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ղôˣôо𶯵ӣˣ
ʲô飬ʲô鷢ˣǹ°
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ֲѣҲе㵣ģǲ槼ˣǣһ槼ðͷ
槼¶ͷ֮һһ槼ĳ࣬Ȼղµһ꾫һģһġ
槼ͺ꾫ĳ࣬Ȼƣˣһ£Ҳˡ
꾫Ҫ槼϶Ҫ槼һſԣ༸ͬʮ֮䣬ġ
˵ĳͣȻΪƣһģһǣ˵ľʣȴͬġ
槼Ȼһλ欵ûˣǣʮʣΪӣͳ֮УȴҲһ˿˿ʡ
꾫ȴȫͬȻ࣬ǣʮĵһ֣һоһЩġ
槼һۣ鱾Ҫһ£һƣһ槼ģʱȴоһΣա
槼ɫŮһˣܹ£Ȼǰһѵġ
ʱȴȻһΣĸоӿޱȣϢΣոоͷˡ
һΣյĸоͬʵһ㣬𺳣ѵģоԼûȷѡһ̣㲻Ҫ군
磬һһ㣬ԶӶݶȥˣҲ˲ԼˣΪһ⣬˲ԶȥƵ硣
ȫԦݹ⣬һֿ쵽ٶȣԶȥȥˣٶǿ쵽˼㣬һ֮䣬سǧ֮Զġ
ٶȣʹ⣬Ҳ׷飬ɼٶȣж졣
ٶȣһζݳǧ֮ԶʲôΣգԱܿˣǣеΣոоȴһֱûȥ
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һŮ˶ߣǣһȴһּΪϵĸоһ
вһ£ˣһͷ֮ϣ̶˷һȳˡ
˭˭˭װŪ
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һˣһ
еһȣٴˣɼһֻɫ򣬴
һ򣬵̫󣬿һͨͨ򣬵ǣһ֮ʱȴʮǿġ
һ£һƬգΪֹ֮ģһĲۣˡ
ѰѰͨͨһֻһ֮ʱ쵽һƬռ䣬ܵԼѹȣоһǿĳѹһѹˡ
һֻһҶ£оеΣоһ´ʢˣȻȻģ֪ԼʵԵһ
ãŮ洣ӣ
дһ鵱ܡ
һ֮ʱлֻЩ²⣬һĲ²⣬ܹ϶ǣһһ֮ʱ²⵽ˡ
뵽ˣλһŮ洣Ϊ磬λʥ֮һʵ֮ǿᣬǾޱȵġ
ڷ磬Ϊǿĺϵ֮⣬ʵǿˣλŮҲǼǿġ
ʥΪʥˣʵȻڷ֮УڶһĴڣǣʵȴδŮ洵Ķ֡
Ů洵ʵʥ˵ļ𣬿Ǵﵽһ۷壬ǿޱȵģŮеһҲΪġ
һ򣬿ǲ鱦ʹΪ鱦ǣѾˡ
Ů洵УΪıɽͼˣǶ鱦û
֮УǰֻһΪ̫ͼһΪ̹ᦣֱӺԪʼС
ͨУȻûǣļ鱦ΪĽļϵһ
˵Զˣȴ˵Ůʩչ鱦һ֮£ǲСġ
һԣǲģ˵ˣʹ޽ɼǿߣҪסһҲ̫ܵġ
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·һ֮ʱеΣоһǿʢ˼㣬ֵңˡ
ɼΪʵҪŮ׳֮£ȥ̫ܣֻҪڷ֮Убʥ˵£ſӵһġ
ڷ֮УʶκʥˣҪбʥ˵ֵ£ǲˣԣֻжԼĵˡ


608 
޾ĸ߿֮ϣһŴŲʴ򣬴ӿնˣ޿ɱ
һ֮£˲ȴҲѵƣõдʧɫæҪӱܡ
ӿն䣬ʯƣһˣΣǿʢ˶֮ʱһҶˡ
ʱҪӿҪռһݶӣǣٶȻˡ
ΪʥˣŮ洵ʵǿᵽ˼ģһӳٶҲǿ쵽˼޵ġ
Ҫӿռ䣬һ֮£룬ǣĶ̫ˣ쵽鶼Ӧ
һһĺ֮ըĶߣ壬΢΢һˣһ˲䣬徹Ȼֱһ¡
һµĽֱ㲻һˣУһ¶Ҫġ
ǧһ֮ʣˣ˫֮䣬һ¶һ˳˫ǰһǿޱȵǰһ
޿ɵһˣغ˴֮ϣԺɨһеҪ򿪡
ǿᣬִ֮䣬ȫֵһʵ̫ǿˣǻһ֣ԿԽԷԴ򱬵ġ
ǿһȴûһ򱬣һʱ䣬δܳͶ
һʵ̫ǿˣǿһĵزǸٶȺǿԸӵĵز
һû֮ϣϴ޾ɶȥˣСۡһ³һѪ
һ˵״̬һ£Ҳǰ΢ͣôһ¡
ֻ΢һͣм޾ƣһײˣʥʹ򣬿ģĿ꣬ݡ
һκӦҵϵȴ鱾Ӧڵĵطһҿˣһζˣ˿մ
ǰһ֮£Ѿܵشĵڶι˵Ǳܲȥģǣһȴˡ
ԭӦôΣȻһʧˣϵ£ҲûӰ
֮УʧˣһӰӶûˣ֮УһѪɺѪһΪûдڹ
Ϣʧˣһۼû˶оֵģʹŮʥˣеˡ
ף
ֻһڿ𣬶βˣŮǿǾʮֵ֣˼㡣
ò̫Ů洽ԼǿʶһɨԲĵطɨһߣȴʲôûз֡
޾ĸ߿֮ϣһ֪ڣﻨ㣬ɽ࣬ˮޱȣһķ羰
һķ羰֮УһʮָĹ¡߸ϣڹܣһֻֻޣڷɣ·ɡ
֮Уһֻ޴֮ϣһŮӣһֻ֣յĲλһ˫۾ȴƿ£·һƬա
Ůӣʮʥ֮࣬Уһ˿欣־֮Уһ˿˿˵ջ˲С
Ůӣһһ֮£ƶȻ֮ƣת켣ʮ£ƵȻһ㡣
ʣŮӣʥŮ洣ƾʧ٣һ²ټŮҲʮ֣ǿʶ֮һɨ˷Բȴܷټ
ϸ֮̽ȻһȻȻʮ֣ǣŮȴòңΪеһɻ

֮Уˣʧ֮ʱһƬİǿ֮УΣֶˣİǹ⣬ˡ
ӷǿ֮УһۣĿ⣬Աߵһսݡ
һҾ޴սݣﵽ˷Բ֮һսͣθֶ֮ʱսݳȥˡ
Ƶһ㣬սһȥˣһ֮£ս֮ڣٶ֮죬Ǿޱȵġ
ٶȣսݳȥˣһڳȥ֮ʱĿУڲѪѪ죬ӿ¡
鱦һĴνأأҳص˼㣬˲˼ĵز˱ıԵ
Ϊ൱ΪһΪĵزԵסеһͼֲסˡ
Ůʥ˵Ϊһʵ̫ǿˣ˵һ鱦ߺһһ֮ǿ
ʹսǿᣬڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣһ£ܵһܵĴˣûеѾˡ
סͷһαɣսһȥˣٶ֮죬ֻɼһ⣬һˡ
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֮ϵ֮ϣܵ˲Сƣܵ˲С𶯣ƿʵġ
һѪˣѪ˿һˣ鴦˰ԡ״̬һҪʹȥˡ
УһҪסǰܷ򣬾дˡ
аһ£̬ϥʼˡ
ǿϵƣǿаڳ̬أɲǰĲ򣬶˾
˾һȫԵĹ˿ʥĹǾеɷʮ֮ܣ鵽ĿǰΪֹӴΪһŹˡ
ǿ˾ûкã³һѪľ񣬸ࡣ
΢һЩȡ˲˵ĵҩ±һ£׷ȥҩЧǺã΢һġ
һѰѵĵҩڣΪӿҩöڣڰ˾֮£ڶҩϸһ㣬ת
һ˿һƵҩתҩãƣ˲һЩ
һҩתƲһ˿˿ҩϵƣƣתһЩ
Ʊˣľˣת˾֮£ҩԴԴƣøˡ
ֻܵŮһʵ̫ˣǶʱ֮ڣͿԻָģ࣬԰쵽
ܳصƣһʱԾתǣǺתһЩ鴴˸ĻᣬշתŲˡ
һõҩת֮£ԼһСǱסˣˣҲõһĺתһõĿʼ
תһЩܵƣ̫ˣҪһβٵʱ䣬ſԸԭġ
Ϣһ֮΢ͣһ£һΣϸϸĥˡ


609 Сǧ
ڷ֮УʥѾǵ۷Ĵڣ˵ʥ˲սĴˣᶪƤѡ
Ůʥ֮УʵȻм䣬㿿ǰǣô˵Ҳʥˡ
Ů洵ʵ޽ɣ׼ʥҪǿ̫࣬οһ鱦֮Եֵġ
鱦һоˣɽصϣһֵ̣һ£ǣܴ֮أص˼㡣
ڳص˼֮£ǿ˳ǿһˣһʱ֮䣬Ȼ࣬ǣҪȬĻȴô׵ġ
һʱ䣬ȫȫս֮ˣ˴˵ҩƣȫȬˡ
ѵľҩֵ֮ߣ㲻˵ˣֻǻѵʱ䣬Ȼˣʱ䡣
һʿ˵ʱ˵黹һˣʱǲġ
ǣһֱΪʵٶ֮죬Ǿ˵ģİ֮£̶̼ʱ䣬Ѿһɼǿˡ
һĲɳΪһɣѵʱ䣬Ҳʮ꣬ʱ䣬˵̫ˡ
˳ʱ䣬ʥŮ洵ػ֮£ܵĴˣĴˣȫˡ
һָڵָ˹ңŨ˼㣬𽥴ﵽһ۷塣
Ϊﵽһ۷֮󣬾Сǧ缶Ҳֻһ֮ˣǣһ¡
ɾΪʹڣѾһ죬ôʱһѾһ۷壬һСǧˡ
ﵽ۷壬Сǧͬﵽ۷壬ңȬһ״̬ʮֳ㣬ĻᣬȡٽһҲ̫ѷˡ
ǣǿ֮Σսȥ磬ʲôطȥʲôطΣգʲôطȥ
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һƬ籩γһƬ֮һ㣬֮ϣƯƣһκ˳˷籩֮У³һ
Ԧսݣշ籩֮ʱҲҼԦսֱӳȥǽսݣһͣշ籩ıԵ
սͣշ籩ıԵһ³˳ȥһ㣬˷籩֮УоһƬƬǿƬԼѶ
һɹǿǿշ籩ǿƬѶ֮ʱ鵱ҵˣһ֮£һǿޱȵһ±ˡ
ӿȵһ㣬ķϯˣ֮һжˡ
ɼʵȷʵշ籩֮ȶһʱǣҪһֱȥȴܵġ
һƬǿ֮УΪǿʱյˣʱͿռǿᵽ˼ġ
ʱ֮УʱΪǿģǿ󣬶ǿᵽ˼㣬Ϊﵽʥ˼ǿߣҪʱѣҲ̫ܵġ
ʱǿޱȣǧʱ֮У⺽У޳ʱʥˣԳܵġ
ʱǿᣬռ֮Ҫ΢һЩģȻǱʱģʵռҲһ㲻ġ
ʿΪﵽ֮ϣΪοﵽ˾춯صĵزһغУ֮ˣҲû⣬ǶʵҲǿռ֮
һ죬һռ䣬Ӷ쵽Сǧ磬ǿռǿٵǧ磬Ǵǧ磬ʿΪҲȲġ
շ籩֮У÷겻͸վ̫ܳõģһΪĴʵҲ䵽һزġ
ʱ˵շ籩ͼıһЩʲôˣʹҪ£ҲǼޱȵġ
ǣ鲻ҵһ֮£һǿ֮ˣȴ֮ڣһССˡ
֮ڣɳһСݣֻһСһɳ֮ʱȴһԴͷһհ˷֮
һСݣʵĶˣһɳһָ֮£һԴȪ
Ķ죬γصԴͷһ㣬ָ֮£˫ֵķ仯һǿӶ֮зˡ
ǿᵽ˼Ӷ֮бˣշ籩֮е֮ԴԴϵŶ֮նȥˡ
շ籩֮Уյ䲻޾ģǣҲʮǿͻģ֮Ǽġ
ҪɾСǧ羳һҪʮ־ĵزҪΪСǧ硣
ǱȽ׵ģǣҪСǧ缶ȴʮֲ׵ġ
֮Сǧ缶֮ƽ;ȴҪϲˡ
ָ֮£һһڶһ㣬շ籩ԴԴϵ˽ȥԿСݣۿɼٶȣ
Сһݣշ籩е֮󣬶еõ
ֻзԲһ죬֮󣬶õ˲СչеطҲˡ
һ죬վһ磬϶вٵĲȱҪһֲطȷʵס
һ磬ֻҪԽԽеطҲˡ
֮Уһ޴֮⣬ĸ磬ΪСǧ硢ǧʹǧ磬缫ࡣ
磬ҪطҲҪСǧ磬ֻСǧط򣬲Ż㹻ݻĵز
Сǧ磬ط򣬸ҪģȻǧط򣬱ǧطҪ
ԽطԽ磬еԽǿҲԽŨģʿʵٶȣȻġ
Զշ籩޾֮ԴԴ뵽˶֮УʹöøˣطԽ
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յ֮ﵽһ۷֮󣬶֮ڣ಻ĺҵ𶯶ˡ
һ춯ص쳹ضˣʹշ籩֮һж𵴶ˣ֮УǷ츲ضˡ
һҵĶͷ츲ط֮£֮еĴضǾҷˣҪ˺Ѷӡ
־ҵ췭ظ֮£ҵ𵴣չˣٶ֮죬һһˡ
չһ㣬ַ츲صı仯֮£ķչ̶ʱ֮ڣŵһСǧļ
һչΪСǧ֮ʱ鵱ҵſһ֮£һǿСݣһ˽ȥȥһһ㡣


610 
Ʊ֮УĶ磬㹻֮ʹĶ죬õ˲СķչȫɳΪһСǧ硣
һСǧ磬ǧ֮УȻ͵ȼĴڣǧǧ磬˲ֹһǣվһ硣
һСǧСҲһ磬һЩ߿ռƬʲôģҪ࣬ط
ط֮£һСǧ磬һ֮£뵽ڣ˶Ǹ֮ڡ
Сǧʵݣһڣһǿޱȵ֮Ϊģ˷ɢȥˣɹ
һСǧΪǿᣬ֮ΪǿޱȵŨ˼
ԴԴϵڣκһطӿȥˡ
ƴϣԸ죬һСǧΪģѾ˽Сǧ缶˵Ļˣٵȶӿ֮ʱ˵ĸˡ
ǿŨʶȥ֮ʱΪϸƽһ
ɼΪϣ֮൱ǿ֮еСǧ缶ӦϷ羳磬̫ɢɡ
չذ꣬ƣշ籩֮Уһʱ䣬ڽ൱Сǧ缶ɾ磬ʵһ¥ˡ
Ϊһǿһ֮գΪǿǰȥʶ֮羰
յ޾գޱȣ޼ʣΪһֱһżżѾǿᵽ˼
߰˾żΪ߼ĿǰΪֹʶ˵ͼмֻ߼ûмʶԣҪʶһ¡
ʻսݣŸ߼֮ȥˣ֪ȥ˶ǧȥ˶ٹ꣬ŵ˸߼ڵһϵ
ӵͼ߼νμͬһһϵһصġ
вͼһڵһأûгһһЩû߳ĸǵ
ٱ𻷵ϵϵ֮У󲿷ֶļ弶Щмȴûи߼Ĵڣۡ
Ϊżͼмǿ֮УһЩԵĵ߼֮ڣǿյ롣
޾ǿ֮УһƬطڵǿǿ˼
ǿ֮У߼˼;żֻĵطûи߼Ĵڡ
ʮֿ㣬ޱ޼ʣûоͷһ㣬ֲǱ߼ʣġ
֮Խ򣬲һģֻΪۼڶ߼˼;żפһϵ֮УŽ
ǽ򣬵ǣǲģһģʱʵһҪģֻҪʵ֮ˣƶ˹򣬼ʹǣҲҪѭġ
ڶǿʵǿޱȣĿǰ֪֮ǿЩм͵ͼɱȵġ
ڶ߼ȷˣģͼмûʲô˵ģʹлɣҲòϡ
ȻҪʶһ¸߼ǿᣬȻȥʶһµģǣڽսݼʻȥһ̣͵
ӵеսݣ˵Ҳˣ弶֮УһսݣǶľսˣʵǿޱȡ
սݵȫԻһͼǣʶ˼ҿƼķ
кеķɴöǾް͵ǿɴеĸǿһ֮ǿԺ䶯ء
Щ޴ǿɴоУȷʵǿᣬһЩСŵķɴ֮Уоǿв
Ϊ֮ȷʵѾǿޱˣӦҲΪǿģѾѪĸоˡ
һѪоЩɴ̺ľ޴ǣΪѾɾʵǿᣬЩɴȻ塣
Ȼ壬ҲԸоɴеԼսݣһҲġ
һֵ͵״̬齫ҪǰȥĵһǷһ߼
ֻǸ߼ͼǣ߼Ѿʮǿˣһ֣ȫԻһϵڡ
սݵ߼ڵĵطδǰûڣǰȻս·ˡ
ǰһʮսγһȦӣڵսݣȫΧ£Уһʱһܿڣ¡
ʲôˣΪʲôסҵȥ·
ͨսݵװãһƬմƲһ㣬ˡ
ʮս֮Уûһ˻شսڿڣһ𷢳ˣĹâ֮ھۼˡ
ʮս֮ϣÿһҶнʮֻڿڣʮս϶ĻڿڵȻﵽϰ֮ġ
ϰ֮սڿڣһۼ֮£޾Ĺâһһ˸֮£ڻԽǿˡ
ķʣȻﻰʮս֮УڻľۼҪҪذ
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Ŀһ䣬ȻԷأҪɱԼ죬ɲģһ֮£ս֮ˡ
һ˸ս֮ǰɲԸԼսԷЩһƣɷǺ¡
ʱһ֮£ʮս֮ϣһ𱬷ڻ֮һ·ˡ
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һķ֮£ϰٵڻһǰˣһֺصƣɱȥˡ
һڻ֮ҪһƬգҪ˺Ѷһս֮ϣԻսݴƬ
ʱг˴ջ뽣һ֣һն֮£貵ĽâӴջ뽣֮Ϸˣˡ
Ӵջ뽣֮ĹâǵĽâ̫ڣ趯֮ʱƳһȦȦĻ⡣
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̫ƣ֮һжպˣ̫γɵһȦ֮ʱγһȦ֮һ㡣
̫һӳʮսϵڻ𣬷˴ջ뽣֮⣬֮ˡ
һڻ֮֮ǿգǿޱȵԽһжɷƵģʹһЩСǧ缶ǿߣһҪġ
ЩսǸ߼ǿսǿޱȣһ˿ԵֵģսݣҲ֪ǿ˶١
֮£赭дĳ֣еĽѭ֮£һڻȫֵˣȥǾᡣ


611 
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ƼԴﵽʮָǿ֮ռλǣ۷˸˵С
˵սǿģʵﵽɼ൱Сǧ缶ĸ֣ǿߣݺһ
ʮսǿޱȵսڻ֮ʱڻǿɲһֿԵֵġ
ǿڻ֮һǿ߿Ա⣬ʹǶ켶ø֣ڶڻĺϻҲԵֵġ
ǣ಻ڻ֮֮ʱеĴջ뽣ǰֻһΣγһȦ
Ľ֮ڴջ뽣֮ˣʩչ֮£ݺᣬϵ£Եֵ
ڽγɵĹ⻷֮⣬һڻ֮Աûˡ
ǣ߼Ǹ߼γɵڻȷʵʮǿᣬǿǿޱȵɱмǿĳ
һɹǿ˼ĳ֮£ʹʵǿޱȣգʯһ㣬ǣǿڻ֮ĳ֮£ȻҲܲסˣò˳
Ųգһ˳һһӡ̤£Ȼ֮УȳһĽӡÿһӡ㣬һȦȦĲơ
֮ϣڣһƬʲôûеޣһϣκκۼģʱ龹ȻһĽӡʵʵ̫ǿˡ
Ų֮ϣһĽӡʵȫʾ˳ɼǿˡ
һܾʮսȻݣٶȳˣÿһսʮڿ֮Уǿޱȵڻ֮׷ӵĺˡ
ϰٵڻ֮ĺˣڻ֮һһȥˣ֮ǿ𵴶ˡ
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ǿޱȵڻ֮һɫѸˣɲҵеĴջ뽣æתˡ
ջ뽣֮ϣǿ̫֮ȼնˣγһԲȦӣΣС
ȼ̫Ĵջ뽣ܣһȭ֮ÿռ䶼ڶˣһֻƵ
ǿޱȵ¶ȣյնҪˣȻеҪð̵˼Щڻȫֵˡ
̫նڻˣڻ֮ǿ˼㣬ǣгת֮£һһֵˡ
Уǰ취Էڻ֮ҸûͣϢʱȥʹҵʵǿҲʱ򡣡
һ߻Ŵջ뽣ôջ뽣ϵ̫಻գԵֵڻһڻ֮ȫˣǣջ뽣ϵ̫֮Ҳȥ˲١
ʵѾʮǿˣƵһʮǿĵزһ൱Сǧ缶ɣʵѾ˾춯صĵز
ʱıƴȥδؼֲȥֻǣȴʵڱȽϱġ
ң˼սãֻҪ㹻һֱȥ
Ҫõģȴ֮һһ㣬ʱܳȴҲвԸ
һ໰齫еĴջ뽣һ֮ϣݺᣬǧĽ֮ǰɱˡ
ݺᣬγǵصƣʮսڻ֮ȫֵסˣʱУһ¶һԲ״Ķ
һԲһĶһУ䵱һ֣ԲɳһƮĹ켣ǰԽȥˡ
ĳ֮£Բ򵱿նɣһ֮£Ѿʮս֮ڣ·ȥˡ
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һԲ򣬿ɲͨ״һףֽףһױըԽһ磬ըɷ顣
ЩţȴҲȫţ׵ǾǿޱȵģһĹȵġ
ױը֮ʱȣһ㣬ΪһԵӣչˡ
һ޴Ե״ƶ֮ʱʮսһ𸲸ǵУɼˡ
޴ޱȵһԣһ֮ʱ޾֮ˡ
һǿףһ²ˣ·ըһǿʮսһС
޾ϷȻһ˿˿׵֮ˣһ޴ޱȵһֶˡ
˸׵ʮսȫˣ׵֮档
һ춯ص֮£ʮս֮Уһ֮ʱһսڵһʱ䣬ˡ
֣ȥһףеһսܵ˵һĹΪ˷顣
߼ӵеսǿޱȣķǿᵽ˼ģһĹսһ˿˿Ļۡ
ǿޱȵĹս֮ϣһĻۣȭ֣Դջ뽣ſһѺ
ǣ׵ǿᵽ˼ģһ׶£˵춯֮ǿԾЩǿսԵֵġ
еһսķѶˣսһƬƬģеˣҲĲˡ
˵еһսˣǱײսҲһöġ
ܵ˲սңȻûбһºƬǣȴҲ˾޴ѷ죬ܵ˲صˣȻնˡ
ǣһȵ֮£սҡҡλΣ·ˡ
಻һ㣬·ȥˣ䵽·һľ룬㡰䡱Ȼһը˿ըһŵĻ档
ʣµļսǱȽϺõģûܵܵĲȽСҷɴȻ΢һ£ǣȴû̫ܵĴˣֻ΢ҡһ£ȶסˡ
ߣΧɱңǶҸۡ
һ˫΢΢һ֮£ٴεɱˡ
Ϊ˼ʶһ£򣬼߼к˲ģǣȻ⵽ʮսΧɱУˬ
Ե޹ʣȴ⵽˱˵ΧɱȻʮֲˬˬˬ˼㣬ﻹ顣
Ե޹ʵ˴ɱʮַŭ֮£񱩳ˣһžӳ֮󣬻ݣȻԳһס
ڶžף΢΢һתٴһ֣һӶˡ


612 
׵ǿᵽ˼ģһöףѾʮǿսһ룬ڶö׺֮ʱʣµļսҲֲ֧סˡ
һƬ춯صľ֮£һεľ죬ʣµļսһƬ׵֮£ըΪ˷顣
ʮսȫһƬƬƬһأ֮ˣ˴룬ȴҲ˴
Ӳӻеս֮ˣڿޱȵ籩ĳ֮£ȶҡڣ·һڶʯͷ
žףһը֮γɵ籩಻ĳˮݣǰȥ
һǿգǿޱȵ֮£ı죬Ʊˡ
ǿϯķ˼߻еս֮ʱֻûеս֮ϣⲻϵ˸ùâ˸ѣȴԽ֮ơ
ͬˮһ㣬ݵǿȻǿͣ˼㣬ǣ˻еս֮ϣȴܸеս̫˺
ˣʮս֮£սеһˣܴģǣȴм˴ȴ˻еս׵
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Ϯɱ߻еս׵ĲߣжΣ֮⣬׷ʹ˸ԵɱС
ÿһ߻еս֮ϣʳ貵ĹâҪһض˺Ѷģֹâ֮еץһƣһµֵסˡ
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ǰԶûʲôƻңһ·ȽԣӦò֪Լٲǡ
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ֶΣǲģЩһ־ûμᶨҪס̿򣬸ǲܵġ
ˣ֪ˣЩΧɱԼԵ޹ʵģԭԷԼĵˡ
ң뵱꣬Լʵǿھ̻ڽ𻷵ϵ֮ʱȥһɱ˲پ̻ǿߣ̻սݣһ롣
ȷʵʵǿᣬ߼µ̻ᣬԴʮǱǱߣɼ
ǿᵽ˼ʵȻֱײµˣǣĵˣ³һһ㣬Ī⵽ɱ
һΣĴɱɷǵУʮ߼֮Уǿޱȵսһ𿪻ʵ֮ǿǾ춯ء
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̻ǿʵ¶˾ģȥһʱ򣬵˲ãԲӰ
ĸ򰵣о̻̽ӣһϣǹϸϡ
һϣϸϣòʵǿԼеսݣӡ
Իķʽǰʻսݣսݣձеսݣǲͬ
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˵ע⣬㱻֪˾̻ˣǣ̻ˣзŭ֮£ʮսһˡ
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ԭˣȻǾ̻ᣬһθĽѵߣȻܽѵҲҲˡ
֪ϸ֮зŭޱȣһŨɱ⣬Ȼˣ˲˾һҪ̻ɵ
Ϊ֮ʱѾ徣̻ˣԽ̻ĸȫɵ̻ɢǣȴҲȥġ
ڽ𻷵ϵ֮ʱ̻еȷʵ֮ʱʵûôǿᣬǣҲǿޱȵġ
ɾ֮ʱ˿徣̻ˣʵ֮ǿԸ̻ᣬȻаա


613 ճ
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֪Լ⵽ɱ֮鲻ҵܲ£ȴҲԸһ·˽ɱ
ǣˣɵ֮ʹ˻Լһսݵı棬һ
һԲ֮ľ޴սݣȫһıòʵһ˿ģʵ˼Ϊĵزſġ
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һԶԶһ޴ĳǳأǿ֮У䷶Χ֮㣬ﵽҼ֮ң
һǿմǣ֮㣬ʵ˲õģһ򣬿¶ֺġ
һҪɣȻҪУҪɣҪʱ䣬ǳþãɼһѵˡ
һǿ֮еľ޴ǳأһǳصķΧԿһȷʵ˵á
һǳأճǣǿ֮УԹ棬ﲻ
ճһҵǳأҵ£ճǣҵ˻в٣֮֮
սͣճ֮ǿͷ֮ϣ鲽ճ֮Уǳ֮Уʮַ֯
ճ֮Уʮڶ࣬Щ˻һˣǿ֮У࣬һ塣
ճǲһҵǳأǷޱȣԿи¥һҵ̺棬ҵ֮Ũ֪ġ
ڽֵ֮ϣȥ磬ޱȣһ¥ֱԽǾ޴ĸ¥Խʵǿ̼ҿġ
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ͣڵ֮ǰУ˸һ£Ųһͣŵȥˡ
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ʹһЩûڵչֳȴҲһЩͼᣬЩģ;֮ġ
ڵתһȦûйͣ˳ȥĿصǰȥ;˼ҵ̣̻оı־
ˣʣ費Ҫ򵼣
ͻȻһԣ˵
һֱڹע̻飬ǣȴҲû˹עܵһһ֮ʱˡ
һͨಢͬһˣıȽϸߣﵽһӣңޱȣһľ硣
ֳ󣬲гĳ֣һûſӣûſԵúܳ
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ճǲһʮţƵҵǳأǳ֮У֮˲٣ϤеʱҪΪ򵼡
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ճǣ鵹ûʲôĿģҪ򵼣ҲǲԣǣԾ̻飬Ҫ˽һЩܹһ򵼵Ļǲ
ޱȵǸ˵򵼣ҶճϤޱȣԣֻҪӶң뵽ʲôطʲôû⡣
Ŷôš
鲻ÿɷĵ
ޱ֮ؿڣŵĵȻճǵһдʲôˣǳţ򵼣һоһġ
νʮУг״ԪǧҪСһеճǵ깣ÿһ䣬˶ָơ
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һߣеճǣʹҪ򵼣˵ҪӣҲԸġ
ҵĵ˶ǶģΪˣ˵⣬Ȼ㲻ͬУǶģǣȴҲûôá
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˵Ľ֮£ճǵ£渵ʮϸ
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Ϊǿ֮УΨһһ߼ľۼأ֮У߼˼;żǲٵġ
˶ĸ߼֮Уÿһ֮ڣһЩҵʮַ֯Щ֯ϵһ𣬱Ϊһҵˡ
˽һЩҵ˵֮ٴʵˣˣҵ֮УǷһ̻ᡣ
ǵģ̻ᣬ̻ҵ֮УҲһǣҵеһЩǿȴ˲ٵģֻһеȵ
ͷ˵
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Ϊһǿ֯ҵȷʵʮǿ󣬻һǿǣǰʮġ
һǿ貵еɣÿһ֯ڵסܹ֪һҲʮ
ô˵ҵ֮Уֻ̻һеȵУ֪֪֪̻ľ
ʵ
˵Ľ֪ˣԭ̻֮һĪİ͵߼߼֮УʵΪǿġ
߼֮УԲǿܱͼмǸ߸ϵǣȴ
Īİ֮Уǿ̻ҲһЩֻ̻ĵ֪ҵ֮У̻ʵ̫ǿ
ԭˣ̻ʵǿ˵õģûеôﵹҪ΢һЩˡ
˵Ľ˵鵭ͷȴ˼


614 ǿ
Ӷ򵼣ճǵĴѾ֪һЩҵˣȷʵһȻڶǿ֮Уǰʮ
ҵȷʵʮǿᣬһްһ֮ˣҵʹ飬ҲԸֱϡ
ҵȻǿǣ̻ΪҵеһȴǰеǿĪİ֮Уֻڵ˵ҵ֮ˣλ͡
˵£ʵ̫ǿеҲһЩӲӲһΣþ̻֪Լ³
뷨ԶһЩ̻֪˾̻ճеһЩ̵ķֲ
ճҪĳǳأ̻϶ǲģȻ鲼ճ֮УֻǷֵ꣬ȴҲһܵꡣ
վھ̻֮ܵǰϸϸò˵ܾ̻ҵ֮У㲻ʲôǣȴҲһСӵȻ
ϾĪİʹ˵߼֮Уǰ֮λ̻ᣬ̲Сܵռʮֹ߿Ƽϣһһ㣬ֱ
ھ̻ܵĸ֮ϣӹҵҵ˵ӣϾҵµһӣңӣԽҵ˵ͷǲ
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Կ̻ܵ⻹վһʱ䣬˽һ⼫õĸо
ˣҪǽȥ̻Ὺĵ꣬еƷǱȽȫġ
ھ̻֮ܵǰͣôʱ䣬˴뷨˵
һ·֪ҵʮָȤҵ֮УȤģǾ̻ᡣ
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ǿϾͬһЩ̶Ȳߵþڷ֪ʶ֡
ǿպƴޱߣÿһ֮УиԵĻңͬһ𣬷еһֽǱҵĻҡ
ʵǿ֮УûУһЩص𻷵ĵطһ𣬱пܷͬһֻҡ
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õĻңǱңǣӲͨվ飬ħ߿Ƽʮصģûʲôûá
ԣһЩǿ߸ˣһ㶼һЩ飬Աǿ߿ϵ飬ɲͨ顣
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м͵ͼҲ˲ٵ飬Ʋ٣ǣȴֵһġ
һ˾̻ܵ꣬鲢ûټȥ˼ˣʼ˼ô辣̻һЩ
ȥֻһ취Ȼ̻һ̻ᣬԾΪǸɴཫ̻ܵպˣˣԾ̻һһЩġ
뷨ȵ֮жǣȵڣ֪Լʧˡ
ȷʵʧˣΪ߿ƼµĳǳأճǿɲǹŴֳǳأһҹֹڽ߶
һ޴ޱȵճǣһҹƱȰֵӣǳظǵƻͨġ
һƬİǿ֮УâճȴһֱŹ⣬һƬƻͨһҹǡ
ҹ̻ܵ⣬Ҳûһ鲻òϣԼʧˣҪ͵ûôס
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һڻռһ京ʮ仨ھŶķҷһ˳Ϣ
⣬ⲻصһ֧ɡ
˫ۣһµɴ˼㣬


619 鱦
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һƬ޵Ļ֮У˲ǧħ֮⣬౦鱦ͺ鱦֮ġ
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621 
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ʹΪռģĻ֮ŨȣطҲûŨ̫ࡣ
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̹еĿ񸫻Ϊ̫ͼ̹ᦺĽɵĹ֮УǿƳˣ̫ͼС
̫ͼ֣黹ݣ̹ͣ׷ȥˣٶ֮죬ͬһ㡣
ʽ̹׷ȥ֮ʱ̹ѾߵԶˣٶ֮죬Ķ٣ƶӡ
Уȥ׷ˡ
аżȥУҪ̹׷˲ɡ
ǣ˫ֽӡӡһɣٶȵһ׷µٶȣ̹ᦳȥˡ
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̹һ𣬿Դһеӣһɺɨץһצ׷ˣΪһƬޡ
Կ񸫻ı̫ͼΪǿޱȣԶסػˮ磬ԶסһС
̹ͬΪһǿޱȣеԷػˮ磬ԷʱգԷһУʵǿޱȡ
˵̫ͼ̹ᦵԵģ棬׻̫ͼ΢ʤһЩ
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ո̹֮ĽǣĿĹ֮£һƬ֮УȻûпĽټ
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ǣˣĽеһ׷ȥˣĽɲȫõȫ֣ʹõ֮һҲǲġ
ȻĽܾ룬ܲɽ󣬵ǣֻõеһɽҲܲģǿǶ鱦
ȴ˵̹ţԿ񸫿죬һͷĻշѶ֮صˣһһ¡
ӻռģ˺Ѷһѷ죬һȥһŵȥԽԽˡ
ռֿһΪ죬һΪأȻֿŲͬķ룬ǣֿһξ֮ȴºϲˡ
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طֵԽԽˣֻȥ̹ŵΣҲԽԽˣһƵġ
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ϯ֮˷ϯˣһŪûղֹ˻ռ֮еĻ
ڻռ֮УԲֹ̹һ޵⻹вٵľ޴ĵֻû̹ŵһž޵ѡ
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Щǿħ̫ԩˣпܳΪʥһĴڣǣʱȴ˱ĪĻҷˣһֵûС
ʣµľ޵Ǵзɳһֻֻħǿޱȵħ񣬲һ֣һǿޱȵˡ
ǧħȻ࣬ҷȥˣǣʣħȴҲٵģԽҪǧ֮ġ
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623 һһħ
ռ֮Улħһǧ̫֮࣬ȴҲٵġ
ǧ֮ħ̹ſٵ֮ʱֱǧħڵо˽һǧ֮࣬ʣµǧħ񣬻Żռķȥˡ
ڻռģ̹ſٵأһռ䣬ֱһ磬һ磬ˡ
Ϲź磬ʮ˵õģ˶ǿߣʥ˾֮࣬׼ʥǿߺʹ޽ɼǿߣǶൽ˼㡣
̹γΪһ޴ޱȵľˣͷ죬أ˫˫ųסأص̹ŵΣҲ𽥵ߡ
̹ƾĳһ㣬ǧħȫˣ̹ųȥˡ
ǧħһ֮ʱʵ֮ǿﵽ˲˼ĵزΪҲ˴޽ɼʵǿһЩģ׼ʥһǿߡ
ոգ̹ſٵ֮ʱ˾޵֮еħ񣬱㽫һǧ֮һħ֮УʵһЩ
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֮һħ񣬼̹ųɱˣǿõһƬգ𵴶ˡ
ʱ̹ŵһֻ۾ҲڿշˣĿУ仯Ϊһ̫
һֻ۾Ϊ̫޾֮ȼնˣ·ڶȶ֮ǿҪһжȼմƵġ
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ʹ׼ʥǿħҲǿֵ֮ģУʮħʵ׼ʥħ֮УΪǿһ
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ʮǿħ׼ʥǿ֮Уǿߵħʱһִĵ֮źˡ
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Լϵʵרע̹ų֣춯أڣ̹ʹ


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̹ŵʹΪһƬ޵Ļռ֮УٳһǺˡ
ٳ˺̹֮ŵʹɣ̹壬仯˺е
̹ŵ۾һֻ̫һֻ̹ŵͷһͷǳبˣ̹ϵѪҺ˺ĺˮ̹ŵĹͷΪ˺ɽ꣬ȵȡ
̹ŹǴηߣǴ˽ڲģ˵Ľڲٵһأ֪˶١
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ڿĹ֮Уǧħȴ˴ˣֻһǺһ޲T
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ĽȷʵʮǿΪ鱦ɱ֮ʮ־֮⣬ҲǼġ
νУٶȾԿ쵽˼㣬ʿеٶȼ죬ɽԼУٶȸǿ쵽˼㣬׷֮
ǣĽ֮һȥķ׷ȥ֮ʱһЩʱ䣬׷һĺ档
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һХ֮ǾޱȣƿԽһжնƵģ֮ǿǾޱȵġ
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ڹǿ֮Уǧ缶ǿߣѾǽӽ۷Ĵˣÿһλǿߣǿһưһǿߡ
˵ǿߣǾԲģʹСǧ缶ǿߣҲһɶԿǿߣҪ֮һʤ֮˸
Сǧ缶ǿߣѾ˾ֵĴˣճһΪǿߣ֮У˲С𶯡
ճǲҺ˵ĳУ˳򣬵ռ˼ΪҪĵλСǧ缶ǿߵȻһЩע⡣
ɳưģûһˣЩһ˵ֲصģȫͨ
һɱճǵСǧ缶ĸ֣ȴʲô¶ûзһȻȥ
ȻԳǿյĵشʮţƵӣ֮У߼Ҳǿֵ֮ġ
Щ߼˼߾żĸ߼ȻͬΪ߼໹ʮִģҪߺһȴҲô׵ġ
ճȻһĳУʮ˵õӣǣҲֻ߼Χ֮ڣľżȴҪࡣ
ȻҪһ򣬿϶ֻһճǵģĶѪ˵۹Ψһһż
ճǻɱСǧ缶ǿߣУȻûвһĲһ飬ûзһ㡣
ʶճǣãҲˣи뷨ǰȥģʶһľż
뷨֮Уľżʹ࣬еģǣ֮󣬲֪ˣľżֻѪ˵
ѪҲ࣬ȴֻһ֧ѪҺֳɫűΪѪˡ
Ѫ˵츳ʮ˵ãǿ֮Уǳ֮ʢ֮ʱԲЩǳ֮ʹѪ˵ĸʵʮǿᡣ
ԲЩǳ֮ʹѪ˵ʵΪǿᣬΪٶȣҲǳһ˵ģһԱ⡣
ʵʮǿᣬټΪٶȻ࣬ЩѪ˵ʵȻﵽһʮָĵزǿޱȵġ
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˻ôãҲ˵ǿ֮УǰǴʮģǲĶΪ۷ǿ
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ڵ֮żѾΪˣǣǰǴʮģǲǿᵽ˼һͳǿյ
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Ѫ˵۹ڵĽģΧĵطǷǳ֮ģһԱġ
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һأ׼ǿģĿĵֱָѪ˵۹ĿţѪǡ
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ǡãѪ˵۹֮УѪǻһ򣬱һ򣬿Ǵ̫ģһų
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634 Ѫ
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ѪϣȿƻõӰ֮УҪںĿƼֱɵˣƼתԭ֪Ϥԭ
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ŶµȻ˸¶Уܳˡ
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Сǧ缶ĸ֣ȷʵʮһǿˣСǧ缶ֵһС飬ʹĶȲСǣӦòᱻѪ˵۹ĸֿвǡ


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Ѫ˵۹Ĵǧ缶ĸֻ֣ʮ˶ѣֻ࣬ҪΪǧ缶ǿߣʵԲġ
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