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ĩ֮Ů ߣ

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1  ĩǰʮСʱ
СĪֻ˯ôûѣϽҪѧУ֯ĻױιҵĻ𣬿졭𡭡ѽҪˡֵܵİ椴ơ
Ϣʿй¶ᣬУٶήٱᣬǿѽȫУйҲĦȭƣӵ˹飬ϴǿˣ΢ŬĻ˵ÿǸУ١
ַ̧ͷԼѧʱĶԼƨɣҶһͺϡǰ޳ģ
ĩǵ
·þȫַŻ壬Լǰ˺ܴı仯ĹؽҲȹȥӲ˺ܶ࣬·˿ȫһһ㡣
ǰһôȫ
ַɻսУԼǱͷβֻɱôԼֻص˴ѧУ԰ˣѵ˵еܵظӵ
Ķڵظô꣬һúܿɣĩôãҲˡ
ַļ䣬Ķĩڣ˽ʬ£ԼȻˣĶ
ַ˧¶һ˿ɬ
˼Ʈ˼ɵսʼͷβսѪС
һĩʮ꣬սȫ汬ӣҲһ죬ַڽƣ£βһֻצ塣
죬ܵڵһţַϷһ˿΢Ц
ĩпʮ֮ãһжҪڽսᣬԺԼڲٹѪҰˣҲһֽҲ˵
ԺԼҲ飬սĺй¶ɱˣٵ̫ܲܿˡ
ĶվַǰĽƨظϴ˯Ϳˣիˣ˵ЩĪĻ
̵ַ۾ʹ
ĩкãһ㶼ǿŭŵӾӶ࣬ѵﲻܵظҲѪĩĴѧУ԰
ѵԼԽˣصĩ֮ǰ˭Լôһ£
Ǽ꼸¼գ
ϴ㻹˯ͿˣǺãҾ֣صĸ㣬ǹԪһʮ¶ʮһ𡣡
ʲôǶһʮ¶ʮһգԭĻˣ
ַȷ£һǾԼˣڶ¾ھĩһʮ¶ʮ賿һһֻ̣ʣ²Сʱʱˡ
СʱԼʲô
磬붼롣
һǽһĻԼĩ֮ƾԼӣԼȲˣȥ磬ΰɣ
һԼܼܲһĺһôû˵
ԼȻˣͿһľ飬һΪȫǿһԸɱнʬޣٽ硣
ߣ
ȥ
ũ´塣
ַ֮żȥũ´壬Ҫ֪һ£߻ӵĹũ´壬ĩʱһܲżӵɶ
ֻҪԼʱϹȥͿԽ棬õż
ĩʣСʱʱˣԼȫԳʱϵũ´壬õǸż
ʱԼĩݺ᲻ܵʱ
ԼҪϽϹȥĩٵĻϽὩʬ޺УʱԼȥˡ
һУĩڵǿ࣬Լżռ䣬ַһûеõżռ䣬ʹĩлĺ࣬ϣһᷢı䣿
ũ´帽ǸżǺ֪żһ˭õǸżڶʱڱɺǿĴڡ
仰˵һͷϡеżҲ˽ħĴڣżôܷŹ
ַ㻹ǵãһżǱũ´ǱһڵãʹǸں̵ܶʱڣΪ˱ǰʮǿսʿ֮һ
ԼõǸżĻͿĩԳĺܺã˵ԳԽһΪȫʮ󳬼սʿ֮һ
һڣַʮ󳬼սʿкܴĲ࣬߳ɾͣҲһң㵱ʱһСǿ߰ˡ
Ķ۾ɵôģַı·ڿһ
ַΪʲôȥμѧУһһȵļᣬ֪ϣһ椵ĺõطѧУļƷŮҲڣô᲻ȥأ
ַȻϲϣлǺǸڴѧһֻ֮ƵŮ
ҹŨǸײĵط
ҹʱ֣ߵڸ֮£ԭЩԼŮҲֳ˿Ұһ棬Ĵ󵨻ǵ롣
һֻ֮Ҫǲ̫϶ᱧ˹顣
ַһһ˼ǵãһ賿ʱ֣άʱͻȻ٣ܶŮ֮ʱѱͻȻ˼䡣
ߵӰ죬ȫ֮һͻȻɥʬȫĶҲͬʱ͵Ĺޡ
ĽʬСɥʬҲܷӳ߰˰ٽЩɥʬԴﵽһǧ
һȭȥһɥʬԴһͷţ
ĩļ׼һٽ൱һ˵ܺͣҲһ߰˰ٽҲ߰˸һǧʮ
󣬵ߵͻȻӵʮɥʬܱߵ˹ʱ򣬶Է⣬ָ絶֪ͨ࣬жĻԻ
ҲΪʲôĩտʼǰ꣬ʷѧҳѪԪԭڡ
ڴʬΧ֮£ûбɥʬĽˣڲһµʱ䣬Ӱ˾˲ڣ˶ĩʼ
һļУѧУг٣ѧУУ֮⣬ûɥʬͬѧѾɥʬͬѧС
һάʱ֮ʱԼǡڵŽҶһ٣䷽棬˰֮á
ʳԹ⣬֮£ַ㵽ɥʬĴʳɥʬȺΧ
һǡһ࣬ãɥʬΧоĻҲпĩԳˡ
ַ̻һִɥʬѪȡطʹڲпĩڻ
ܹմսٵģҲǺһǿѣһԼɲԼʮĩ飬Խأ
ĿԸı䣬һоʹһ̿ʼɣ
ĶַҪȥƺУַʵ㲻һȥ
Ķ˵ҪǧѷĺûᣬȻܸȥַЩ⣬̬ģְġ
ϾǴѧַƺ⣬ʱ̣ԼҲɫѣʲôҲͶȥɣ
Ҫȥũ´ҲУҪһɰɣҪȻƽʧȥôһ椵Ļᣬһһӵģ
ĩСʱ֮٣ʱɥʬ޽ȫٰٷ֮ʮ˽ڵһ±ɥʬɣѪԪ꽵١
㲻ЦڶǶһˣô˵һǸЦ
ĶȻĻһַҲ֪
Ͼ˿ֻŵĩûн٣˵ĩԤԳһԵЦ˶ȷţĩһ˵ԶҲ١
ڤڤУĩΣȴһκ˲עĽһƽڶһ꣬ʮ¶ʮ賿һʱһͻȻ١
ͬһʱ䣬ѧУУе˻߶ڵĵطķ츲صĴ䡣
ܶ˲ûôһ𣬱㱻߷ӵɥʬǵ˺Ƭǰδеٶȿ
ĶŵĿ⣬ַûŤͷߡ
ĶԼĶҲĪ飬£̫һ˵ˡ
Ȼĩлʮַ꣬Ȼ޷ͣΪʲôϵĶһĩʲôȥûзȴڶһͻȻ١
ĶôˣַҲὫǿ£½׷ɽʬŮͬѧˣҲԼ޹ء
Դˣַûһ֮ģԼѡ
һԡѪĩлʮ꣬ÿϿսȥϻһ߾߹ʬ壬һߵͬȺȥ˻ΪѵĲ
п°ͱľֻʣɱ¾棬ĩУҪԼǸˡ
ַԶȥĽŲĶһ˿į
ַһ֮󣬽ĶˣüΪ䣬㿴ϱһۣҲƺܽ˵嶳
һ־þɣºۼﻹһδѧĿ⡣
ȥһĻĻ˲ֱ˴˵һѧϰԷһϷŮͬѧһΣĶ۾ʪˣֿôǣ
˵ϴû㣬СӻµȵңȥСܣҲ㵽ףһٶˡ
Ķ׷һַһ˿Ц⡣
ѡԼ˵ѡ֮꣬ܺѽҲһͬԼҲǰµįˣ


2  

ߣȥĴ빤ũ´ϴ
ʲôôĴ빤ũ´ϴǽһСеĵطĪҪȥһܣǳôСֵطǸ쿴ǲˬ˵ǸһˡҪǻȥʯɣ椿ˣûʲôաݵˣȥȻҪȥһĵط
ַֻǡšһֱĶ飬ԳڴĽȥ
Ķ״һѪ
ѾģȻ֪ũһҵĵطеȥѵСĻˡ
ĶԼ̵ϣȻȥμѧУ֯ļᣬȥڴĽָĹũ´߻ӵĵطԼȻѾúܲܰ;ϰɣ
ַ㿴һʱ䣬ߵ㣬ĩٻСʱʱ䡣
ͳֻԼãһʱԼĸĸֽƯŮһ绰
𣿡
ϸ磬ôҴ绰ˣҷˣ
˵⻰ʱ򣬿ζȴЩ֣ԼϸôôˣǹŨĺ⣬·ֻͨԶ塣
ַ㳤̾һԼĸĸڼǰȺֻʣãȻԼãߵĸȴá
ĩ飬ҲԼһһôµɣ
ǵһĩԳάʱͻȻٵʱ򣬱ɥʬʳģԼҲںü֮󣬲ŵõϢʱ˲һ
ǽ죬Լˣ㲻ܽбٷ
ҪΪʲôڶȥйһЩʳƷˮùԼµģȻ㵽ﲻҪ죬һȥ㣬סһҪҵĻȥ
ϸôˣҪ𣬻սҪˣ
˵ȥһ£ұȥұ㣬סҪܡ
ڱڹѧַҪչҲֻҪңӦÿԱܿһ㽩ʬĹԼһǿԹȥӦ
ַ绰ʱֱӽʽƻֻӵˮܿǰȥ
Сʱ֮ʱ٣߽Ḳȫ򣬵һн᳹׸ı䣬ûͨѶ磬еƻֻҲֻһѡ
ǵĩ꣬𲽷չҴ齨ϣ֮ȫؿ֮ʣʱһЩǿϣ֮ǲŻͨһЩſһЩ̾ͨѶ
ּ׵ͨѶ۸ȴ䰺ҲֻЩĸ߼뼫ĸǿ߲ʸʹá
һڣʱַ㻹ǸСûʸְͨѶ
ַò۵ӵƻֻĶȴ۵Ĳһ
и϶ַԴ⣬ǳ˴⡭װᣬҲð˾Ҽ۸񲻷Ƶƻֻӵˮȥɣ
ĶַвǧҪĻ췢ʲô죬ȻԼһĺܲҡ
ǰַںĳһҼΪҹȥһǼ׼ֳ֮ʱһװıδ˹סȥ·
Ǹʲôģﲻطδ֮ǰҹԶԶġ
װڱֻһַۣ֪ĶѵĿˣ˵ҲûѵĲ
ѵˣᴩأγûУߴ·ѧ
ַ㿴һ±Ѿǰ˵һ̣άʱٻвĸСʱʱ佫Ҫ٣˵Ѿʱ޶࣬ĸСʱ֮ڣõǸսǱСż
ҪȻǸżһڰϴУʱԼͰһˡ

ַͻȻһɱ
пĩԸĥļΪᣬĩУʱһ˲ˬ˵ͰѶԷˡ
£ĩп˵Ǽҳ㷹ַһʹԷ
ҹڱŭˣΪڱȻԿó˭ǿˣ˭ֵطѲйġ
ַѲˣһ棬Żַ
ֱַӣһͶƿڴ¶Ĳмͷ·һ߹ĵڳһͼؤ
ַĺ֮ڱʱðɣСǱɵˣ߳ӵˡ
ҹǴǶĲֵĵط߻ӣΪ˼鷳һҹ궼ӶкڵĻӡ
ϵҲкܶڵ֯߳ӡ
ַģڱвŸҶ϶Էɹ߳ӵģҪȻС겻š
װһץַ㣬סӣӵȥ
ʱĶ˲ŵһĻַֻһ֣ץס˵󣬶װ󺺵ı۱۶ϡ
ĶеֲǣװСеĹͷȻĤɭɭĹǴֱӴӺɫװ¶˳
ѪˮأֳΪңڱҲһ޵Ĳҽ
ѪȵĻ棬ַ㲻𾪣һƽ·ֻڿӰ
ĶƵҪԼһǸʵĴѧ֪ʲôʱѪˣ
죬ģôһĹ˶ˡ
ַеһЦȻԼϵǿѾȫʧԼĩʮĥսǵá
һ֣㿴˶Էڣһ֮˵ֱۡ
ϵģϺ
ʮֳֿװıδ󺺴һ¥ﴳ˳һĿĿ¶׹⡣
ѽĶһŵȶӳЩڱǶǺĻеѪծۣɱ˶¡
ϣǱҹƸΪ֣רŶԸҹѶ߳ӵˡ
ЩϵرĻǣΪײУɱˣһ֮ºҲûܹҵǵĲ֮
ַ㲻һҵĴѧƫŵĻǣһȴΪʲôǷĦ
³çᱻЩͽģѵԼҪʬ뵽ĶеԼȶӷ·ˡ
ַЦһɱĺ⣬ƺҪ˵嶳ᣬֱӳЩȥ
ַһ󿨲ʮ󺺲ҽŵڵѪС
ַһı䣬·һũׯڵӣֱӽЩ˵ֱȫ۶ϣ⡣
ĶһαסˣַĪǱŴˣҪȻôֶλ˲̡
еѪȵζַ΢һۣ̰һѪȵĿһϤĸоصϣһַ·صĩС
һ̣ͻȻԼȻԭѪ⻹ǴѧмŰСĬȻ
ûʱпˣַûпЩذĴһֱۣӽҹĶ¥ֱ¥żĿռӵȥ
ˣ
Ķ۾ɵַҪʲôôˣܣҹ꣬ĪǴ˵еѰ·
ȻַȻȥˣԼҲֵ֮ѽ
뵽Ķӵĸַ󣬻ֲ̿˶¥һʱܵģ
һİһʵıδһԼʮ߰Ůſϼս
Ǵڵļпַһ֣ϵһڱĿֲ棬ɳʮСܣַ㡣
ֳɱһµС껹ʲô£Ҳϴķ粨໨Ǯѡ
ַͶ֮䣬㽫ʮսڱǵֱȴۣÿһΣŵһˣȸɾֶΣӲǰ߷˵Ľиסˡ
˵ֶΣԹڵĺڵֿģѵ֯ɱˡ
˵ʵ缶ĿֲڣԼҹڱôļһɱ
ַһ¥ľҲԽԽ֮ʱ󺺵ɫ
磬һҪ
ԣ޳Ůɣù⻬˴󺺵ĺϡ
ȻղŲһ㱻ڸ̣ΪֺĽУ糾ŮȻƣӣͶͱ

ַղĪĹɣб㰵ĺ
ͬʱԼԷȽһ£óһۣԼվַǰҲֻǶԷһ֮С
з֮ʣ಻ƤĺܺõŮʱȴ˹
ȴ鼫һƿŮиһ˿
ģһͨ˹ɱ˵ĶɱԸԼԴУûˤڵأͷŮǺһµ֡
δҲ˷ˣʵ磬ʲô£
һص˵׼ӲӲˡ
δɫһ׷˶꣬ǳϴĿֲֿȭ߰Ҳ
죬ȻԷֵĵûУֱ׼ǹɵԷѵˣôֲ


3  ǹ
첽ߵַͻȻһͣ٣ܵɱӲͬķӹ
ɱȴʵĴڣǰַ㲢İ
ʵϣκζԱ˶ɱˣһ˿ɱйһЩԼǿˣΣƽǵʱҲȻĲʷӦ
ַĩʮ񣬶ɱĶ֮ûжɱĸӦҲһĩھˡ
Ȼܹĩлȥõ˽İйأ츳ȴҪİҪҪöࡣ
Ҳַĩлʮ꣬ΪɽӰһǿԭڡ
оĲַ㱳·۾һ㣬ڶ˿۶һ˲䣬ͻȻ𣬶ݵľ͵һͬʱطɱӵľѻ
ϵĴשϱѣ
ԶĶҲͻȻǹĶĤһ̣̱ڵصĸоַȴδˡ
Ҳܶ
аԼղһǹ˵ףͬʱֽѹͣȴַĪı˹ȥ
ԼӵգԼһ֣ȫʧ֣ѵͲòƹӸ𣬻˵սǿ
ַźǰһԼҪ˵֧ǹԼ㼸ǧ֧ǹԼԼҲڷ֣Щˮкذ˵ӵ
һĩǰڣԼֻҪһ֣ͿץסٷеӵЩӵ֮ǰʮٶȷȥֱӽ˵ֱӴ򱬡
һԼҪץǿԼҪȻԼõǸսǱżռ䣬Ҳ޷ĩгͷء
ַֻͨ˵ʣܱܹ֮ԷӵҪΪĩʮĥ³Ĺ˵
ԷҪǹȶڶԷƶ֮ǰַѾܵһߡ
ǿķӦҲֻĩлʮˣӵݵķӦ
䣬ַڱǰһ֣˵۶ϣϵĿ۶ƵǹڱԴ򱬣ʬԵ
һǳɣûһˮҲʱ䣬·ַЩѾᳵ·
Ȼɱˣô죬ԼǲǸϽܵҪȻһᱻץߵģԼΪɱ˷ͬıͲˡ
¥µĶһĲһǻζû뵽ַȻɱˣѵ¹Ʋ
һ̧ͷַǹȻģֻһվһǹһƣ֮£Լ˺ܶࡣ
ҲףղַֿȭʱԼʰԷһǹ֣Լ͸Ķˡ
ֻ۶գͻԼ£֪ɱԼĵ
Ȼ֪УҲԴУĿ۶ַȥͼ漣ַһСе
ַͻȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬ڶп۶ʱҲͣؿ۶
ԶĶַֻ붫еǹͬʱͣ˫ȴûһ˵Ѫ֮У֪ôһ¡
˵λãžž𣬴ʯذϣȻһصӵ
ĶֹǰɣַȻǹ˶ԷӵӼĳ
һʮһδɵˣһᣬеǹ䵽˵ϣҲôһ£ǹӵַӵˡ
ҪôƼɲɣ缶ھҲ޷ڰгϣȻҲһЩſڵڶǹӵӵһǹĵǿȴʵ
ϾӵķеľȸĴСйأַû⣬ӵȴһĲȷԣǹյȣӵȴһĽ䷶
ҲΪʲôгʮҲǰмλöԲεԭԲεĴСǹɽ䷶Χ
ַеǹԷٷɹӵȰгϵڶǹӵһǹĵҪһٱ
˫ӵڿиٷУⲻҪҪȷļһ㡣
ѵֻƾļڲʮ֮һʱӵķй켣Էӵ׼ȷĻ
˵սǶѪȵһЩǹ񼫵շɹӵ䣬ֻڼΪżȻ²ųֵ漣
ַǹǹжԷӵǶսǹ񼶸Ҳ޷
뾫ȷٷеӵɣںƽиܳ֡
ɣҲֻ봫˵УΪǹʵУû˿ֲ˼
дʱ֪ԼַĲжôľ޴󣬶ԷǹӵȻиٷеӵԼԼ;
Ҫ˵Լ뿴ǹӵķй켣Ҫ˵ˣַ˽֣ʵɱ˶١
дľģָа΢ЦԼĿǰȻ㹻ס
ĩڣֶ
ⲻ˵ĩ˶ôĴĩĲпƵ˿ٳɳսǶѪȵ£вŵ˺ܶǹ񼶵ĸ֡
ĩǱȶսпһٱĵطĩнʬУټҴ֮໥ɱʹһһŵںƽУⶼ޷ġ
滢
΢΢һʶң
ַ㰵ҵȻʶˣǵһսǱż˺滢С
żĩڣк滢˿˵ڵʱŹʣΪĩڼΪǿĶ֮һ
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ȭͷδȭͷȥѾεַЩ顣
ַɫɵһ䣬Ѿﵽʮ㣬൱ʮ˵һѾͨʬˡ
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ͨûʲôͬȴǿס
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ĺ滢Ѿʮ벻άʱСʱʱ䣬ѾʼȻˡ
ﵽһٵ㣬ʱԼսǿҲʰԼҪսپС
һַ̣ԼղΪʲôһǹ˺滢ǰӢۡ


4  
ԼȻǿ滢ΪԼĴǷŭ£ûж롣
ַ΢΢һʹؼһ㣬Ŀǰ£ַҲֻʹؼ򵥵һС
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˵һγֻҪ㹻󣬱Խγӳ׵ȥⱾҲҪʲôɣֻҪ㹻С
һ£˵ǸûôǿģֻҪִߵſʵ֣ڵַҲˡ
ʩչؼĵڶ㣬ǿ壬ǿ֮󣬲ʹؼԺʽ
飡
֪ʱַѾƵ˺滢ûпַĶ֮ʱ̫Ѩϱ㰤صһ
Ȼ滢ﵽʮĽṹȻ˲첻̫ѨҲĵطַ㹥ľڡ
滢һȭǰöʱתǰвڷɣȻŭַһȭ
ַ΢΢һܣ滢һȭһˮϣһ״ֵˮжۡ
ˣ
Զ͵ĶӲһûгۿһȭôֵˮӣΪԼǳˣ
Լʧܣ滢ͻȻһԼĴȸһ֧ḷ̌ڶǵӶʱµġ
Ҳв׼֮ͽ֧֮¡
̹ҷַʱַľ°ָͻȻ˺滢ϣһ
滢еľͻȻת򣬴˺滢ࡣ
ʹϮ滢پѣ۾ɵôģһŵı顣
ԼǿڶԷȻǸԼһо͹ˣ䣬ôǿ˴ڣ
Żصĺ滢ַҲֻĸо
ǵһĩĺ滢˵֮ӣǽֵ࣬õսǱż˵ĩڼһˡ
ĩԳ滢㱻ͨһԼһСĴڡ
ȻԼĩڽ𣬲Լһ߳ɾͣҲǻɽӰǿŽһȫԼĵλҲ͸ˡ
ڣ绪ĴȴԼϡ
һԼǷܸıǰΪվ۷壬һԾΪλȫʮ󳬼սʿľǿأ
ô˵ˣԼͲܼһƽӹݡ
ַַں滢ǰ滢ڵһɼڡ
ʧȥĺ滢ʬ壬ٵĸɱȥճһɢŸϢĸʬ
ʳϵĩһֺͨķĩǰڣͨȴࡣ

ĶһԹɫһİףַһȵ
Ķַ˼ѣͰеʬһ߸ʬ϶ʱַ㱻ˡ
ҪȻһ޸֮ѧͶ֮佫ҹôڱУƬ֮佫ղŻһĶбһ߽ʬ
ңҵܳ
ⲻɧĺܣİɣһûʳֳɧļһĳġ
ַҲͣ˵ԼһʱҲͲףΪʲôԼͻȻôǿΪʲôԼҹȻɱˣԺὥôһµġ
һ̶ľһȺ¥һΣշӣ뿪
ַ㽫ʮڱˣɱ˺滢£ʱ伫̣ټ¥ĸЧãûж֪﷢һС
ٷͷļһﻹڻ谵İ§űСʮŮǣ˻Ĵ󳪳İ
ֱ澯ԱЩŮǲ֪﷢˴£һųȥ
ַ㿴һʱ䣬Ѿʮһʮ֣аСʱʱ䣬άʱҪ٣ʱʬ޺У˼ҲɰǵԼĶҪӿˡ
ĩûоԼֻܾԼˣԼõǸżռ䣬֮ǰ˭Լ·Լɱ˭
ĶͽţǹͶΨһĻ·
κ׵ĵӰһʱˣʱַĶѾ˼ʮϸ΢ĽŲɵ΢΢һü
ھּİȻԼע⣬һȴǱþѻǹԼ
ַ㲢ǣǴʱƱػƻսǱԼ
ֻдɱˣһ᲻ѾɽʬͬϣԼɽʬȻԼ翪ɱ䣬ǰһ̡
ַһ̧ͷԼ˼ʮȫװĴλãڿЩλõͬʱҲһΪЩУܴһ˵۾īɫ
ɥʬף벻άʱмʮӣѾ˿ʼ졣


ַ¥ǹʱ洫һҽȻЩ˶ַӵˡ
ɱ˾죿
ĶоԼݴôҲ벻׽ַôײУղɱǼڵﻹ˵ɱȴЩ˵ȥˡ
ɱ죬սһַҲ޷һңܣҲС
ַûԷϧĶûпһ֣㽫¥¼ҪɽʬľԴֶΣҪȻ졣
ȵȰ˵Ҳ˷ŭע⣬ϧһдɱǸӡ
Ķ۾һգˣԼҪַķٶˡ
ַղŵĸ߾ȵѾʹñ˲⣬һӵķ⿴һľ죬Ƕ㵽ǹǣǹӵת䣬ҪȻɱκһˡ
ַһ˼㳯ǹǼŸٷеӵֱӻǽϣ󷴵׼ȷ˼üģЩ˵Դһǹͷ
¥£ôȵؾӳ֣ʤͻȻſڽ࣬࿴ȫʼĩ
Щѵصľ춼ǹ׼У¥ϵ˾Ȼǽڵķ֮׼ȷĻ˺ü죬ǹǹͷ
ǹɱ˵ģûôɱ˵ģȫΥǹеʹó
¥ϵǹˮǽûʲôǿʲôƳӵڻˮǽ֮Ȼķ֮׼ȷǼüĵء
ֱδţ´˵Ҳû˵˱̬ɡ
ǿгȥֻһӵľ콫һ⣬Դӳ֣ʤȻȻһȣȴɵһվһԡ
⼸ǹַ֪֮ԼסˣֱӱǸռӵȥ
ַиҶ϶ղǼǹľѾ˵ʱ֮ڣӦûһ˸
ȵٴθʱάʱ٣бɽʬĶԱͻȻɱЩûбɽʬĶԱʱȻҲûעĴˡ
һУĩڱΪඥǿߵĺ滢¼д˺ܶ¹Ϊ
һַ˵еĽܣҵżӵ㣬ż
ˡ
ַıͻȻⶳ˵΢Ц


5  
վ¥̨ϣַ㻺̨Զгһڶһ˿޹ڰ˸Ťһڶ
˵еʷǰżսǱ
ʷǰżַҲ֪һЩھʮڣʮУ˻ЩżʧµĳҲһЩ̶ȽϸߵżͨԪռ似һ޷ҵĿռڡ
άʱȴƻЩʷǰżԪռ䣬ʹżȻ£ԽУΪżˡ
ַûгɣ˳޹⣬еĺڶȥƯڰУȴûеţһʧ˰С
ΧľȫȻ仯ַ֪ԼѾսǱڲ
ۿǰһԲιҧԼָҪԼѪɹϡ
һļ䣬ֻҪԼѪˮڹϣͿɹ
ιιιʲô
һʮСѾͷеһĲ֮ɫͷ·ƯƯģͻȻһַؤľһ㡣
ʱ˿̣СǶĴ۾ȫǷŭ
ĺƯ廹ûгɣȴһϬŮַ㵭ЦЦ˵żϵͳŮɣ
ԭֻǸֻʮСϣûʸң
ַ㡮มһûǸѾͷǰԼһѪ˹ϣ漴ʧ
ʱعͷ˵ѾżѪԺһжҵˣˣҲϵͳŮˣ֪һе˼ġ
ŮַֹѪû뵽ôƻûԼֱڹѪ
һлļΪᳵ··ǵһ顣
ŮȻݺݵ˵ʲôģҲף
㲻ײҪҪҪҵĻҪȻԸ
ܰô
ΪϵͳŮΥ־ĻұԽҪ㲻֪Աôһ£
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Ůһ˿ţ·һŰС
ΪϵͳУѾǣȻֻҪκ˶ԹѪԳΪżˣŮȴûдˡ
ַ֪ô֪µģһ֪ѲϵͳŮ壬ʱֻ
ô벻ףļһôᶮô֪࣬Ļࡣ
ȻżеĹ涨һ˵һżżԵϵͳŮ̸˵Ѫ
ϵͳŮѾǣ˲Ը˹װͰ͵Ŀַ㣬ż
ϧַ̫˽żˣ˲ŲСŮͬʱҲ룬һ֪ŮôѺ滢ģ滢ôŮƭĽ̸Ѫķġ
ʱޣżʲô㶼һ£Ҫߣ
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ѣΥϵͳŮҪãҪʶһϵͳŮ
һżеϵͳŮֻҪ֮󣬱ԶµϵͳŮ񣬶µϵͳŮһ㶼Ϊ˵ֻȫأ뷨
ڣϵͳŮ񾭹ݻѾӵԼǣȻַѾżѪˣȴȻַΥ
ҪżѾãûʲôֻмƾɵƤ׶ѡ
ǰ·ȥǱֿ
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֪ԶҪĶ࣬ҵޣֻҪٸˣУұԥĻ㣬Ҫҵľġ
һ£ֻҪżɹżеĲϵͳòԥִ˵
ҲһЩǽϸߵĲϵͳ˶żĲϤһЩӵ顣
һЩϵͳٿ߹ЩνȥżеļΪĻɣأ飬һ֮УַҲöˡ
Ϊ˱ķõż˶ӵϵͳٿߵǰһľ飬ɵʶСĻԣѱвԼĻ
ðɣҴȥ
ŮᣬľǸʲôѽżһ˵ͷͷǵԼϤ
ַҲûʲôУֻӵ֮ҲӵһЩΪԺԼӺùһ㣬ַȴ뵽ַ㷴ơ
£Ȼַ̬ʲô֪ļһˡ
ַղ˵ҪһϵͳַУַ֪㲻Ц
һżУһϵͳٿʧ֮һϵͳٿ߱ԶַӵսǱûκη
һ̣Ů֪żַǸʡ͵ƣǸߺܵļһŮʱԵʵˡ
ˣǰǱˣżейƷ棬ϵͳŮΪ񡣡
ڷַ㼫֮Ůַ˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬ǰ֮󣬽ַ㶼Щܲˡ
ȻС򣬵ҲֻҪԼʲôͷģȫԼΣ֮ǰʶ
СѾͷЦÿ𣬼סҲϲӣԺǰʼնĻұ㲻Ϊ㣬ǱԼι۾ˣȥɡ
ַ΢΢һаɫȴЦ绨˵֪ˣԺҪ⡣
Ůаַľȴһ⹧ģַΪĩлʮô͸СѾͷ˼ȴû˵ʲô
ѾʬУԼǿԼļƻҲҪȫչҪȻԼᱻʱ̭
Ǳַ֣СͿռ߶һӵıǰͣס˽Ų
룡
ʥһøʢ֮һ
ĩڣնɱǿߣĩԳĵһǿ½عҲֻһǧֻҪԼ񽣣ȫԺɨ硣
Ǻ滢ǿԼǽѱķ滢Ѹڻľ𣬲¡
ѽش滢Ҳ֮ʴﵽһǧ֮󣬲ھϵ۽֮󣬲ѽ
һǧһ֮ԼĩǿﵽʱԼսѾ̫࣬Լÿ춼Ϊܹȥ߾ȫ
֪һԼʲôʱܹ񽣡
һļ䣬ȫҵսǱǿżѡΪľǵõѽ񽣡
Ҳ˲֪һֱж󣬵ĩȴ֪һ㡣
ĩԳڴߵ֮£ʧ˼꣬ʮʷǰżԪռ׷ɶһЩõ˵õȻٲһЩһʢ֮һ
ĩڣʷǰżϣֻпЩżȻõż˰Ľȴް취ʱҪõһֵıɱޣֻҲ򲻵
ΪѱַѡżǵĿ䵽һƿƿ޹ϵʱһĲһǻȥ
⡭ⲻĩżҩѱֻҪܹɹܽҩ˭һʱڣԼ
ĩڣɹܽ˻ѱصǿߣҲΪϵ۽ĳսʿ
˾ˣֽܽлѱصҩԽԼһֲĳ̶ȣĳ̶Ѿϵܣ˱Ϊϵ۽
ĩڵʮ󳬼սʿܹϵ۽ǿߡ
һ滢ȷʵĩںʱžѵϵ۽죬ַȴż֮з˻ѱأͬʱҲµһЩʲô
ֽлѱصҩ̫ˣ֪滢ӵҩĻȫ֯˶ҩĿȨ
Ϊ˱鷳滢һУֻǰзҩĲȴҹԼӵҩ滢ô֮С
ĩڣǿĲǸˣڽ֮󣬸ؾ齨ϣ֮ǣһĳϣ֮滢ҪҩĿȨ滢ҲֻʵʵĽȥ
ϾһǿҲԿһš


6  Ϯɱ
ѱȻܺúǿںϳɹ֮Ҳȷһ첢£ҩʧܵıȴߵס
һǧ֮УܹҾһˣѾǺˣʧܵԻһ̲ŧѪ߱ɲ˲Ĵڡ
ҪںϻѱأҪǿ󣬻ҪǿľҪȻͻᱻѱеĸңһɱˣħɱħޣ߻Ϊһ̲ŧѪ
һ֮Уһɹںϻѱصĩųֵġ
ȻǰǿѱأȴԽ߽ʮ
֮˱Ϊ˴˵дϵ۽ĳսʿʱڻɽӰ϶ǰһٵǿ߶Ǹˡ
ţԼֻҪһǧ㣬ܽĻѱˣϣһԼںҩ
ַǰȥ
һһᣬַһ£صԼһѧģԴӱطûʲô
ɷܶżУԼҲᣬַ㵱ȻϡְǱؼŻԭ
ǰߣһЩƤʵף˵òã˵һǧһ¹뽩ʬĹȴɵֵ
Ƥףĩǰڣ޼۵ֻ
ַû˿ԥһƤףƤױһװģ
Ƥ׿תע⿴ĻΪͨװΪ˲˵ע⣬ĿǰαװΪҪ
żСҪЯš
ЦôһżԼôСΪǱϷ𣿡
ַһ˿ݺݵĶ·͸塣
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ֻҪַԸ⣬ʱԽżɽָŦ۴СĴϣ֪żУֻսǱԽת
ҲǺ滢ڱ˻ɱԭڡ
ƥ
滢ӵһһ޶ż⵽ǿߵľɱҲ֮ˣҲ滢̫йأİӵһżй¶ȥҲΪ˺
ŪһǱˡ
ҪҪɰŮҲŰɱ̫ûˡ

ַĲпҰ֮ȫòżСŦ۴СǰԶԶȥһС¡
ַͻȻаеĶͰ͵˵ϴ󡭡㿴棬ҡҡλεĶʲô
ַͷҲ̧˵ǽʬ
飬Ҳ֪ôһ£άʱ٣ܴһ˾˽ʬܶҴǱʬҧԵġ
ϾͨĽʬҲʮ˵ǲɱҴĻٶȲҪ̫졣
ҲΪʲôһ֮У̶̰ʱ䣬ľڣûбɽʬİ࣬ͻȻڵԭڡ
ַߺ󲻾ã¥µĺܶྯͻȻ˽ʬϮܱߵࡣ
ȻЩ༰ʱǹӽʬʬǿϰϼʮǹ֮󣬸ûʲô£ɵһ֣Խߵǻץ
һСʱʱ䣬༸ĶϢһûʬע⣬Žһ
ַĻһѪЩŧ·ҡҡλΣĶһʼţ϶ǽʬ
ַĻƺڷЩˣǱ˽ʬԼĶĲһѪһԽ͵ʣΪʲô˽ʬ
ʲôΪʲôĩﵱȻʬˡ
ַ𰸣ĶоԼֱƭĸо
ĩʬû⣬ΪʲôЩɽʬЩȴû£ĸǸûõĴ
һ͹ŹŹֵֹģ·֪ܶ£ǲ֪ĩٵ飬УղͻȻʧˣһӴӰеʱȥˣ
ô֪ĩĽ٣ڸղһֱԼۻˣûпҰɡ
ַ֮Լղŵõżԭģӵеż̫ˣһй¶ȥͻᱻȫǿ׷ɱ滢ĺ󳾡
ȻĶн͸¶ȥҲԼ鷳žĶҲһƭˡ
߰ɣ
ȥ
ѵһӣڵȻȥˣ
һУȫһϣ֮ǵĳУʱ඼ȥͶϣ֮ǣдȫ뽩ʬĻ
ԼǿĻҲʲôΪֻʱϣ֮ǣԼǿʱŻ
˵ԼСҲڱһУԼҪϹȥҵֻнԼߣܱ֤İȫ
ϾԼȱ˶ʮĩ⽫һʱսǱҪҪĲƸһľ飬ԼȫԱӻߵˡ
ĶҲɵӣȫģȻĩ٣˵кܴһĩҴӴ⣬ͬˣͬԸֵĽʬޡ
ĩУ˵СģȺȴǾ޴ġ
¥һ·Լ˼ʮʬַһǹͷȥĽʬͷȡһ޵ģӴСԲ塣
һַ֮㽫⼸ʮʬͷڵĺɫյϡ
һַ㻹ǵýʬͷڵˣȡңĩڵͨлңһʵƤԼһƷ
ʲô
ַȡʱ¶ģĶЩʵ
ֺɫˣһ㽩ʬڶˣڵĽʬ֮ǿһͷʬԷӳʮá
ҿекСǴСĪ˰ɣ
ţ
ҿҲУܿͿԳΪ˰ɣ
ַЦЦûлشĻĩǿ࣬һȭһɽ֮£ȳҲ˶١
֮ǰͨպ滢ַﵽʮ˼ʮеϵѾﵽһٶ㣬ͨࡣ
Ȼһʬнʮ˵ĹУ˷һַֻܴһʬУȡĸںϵԼϡ
ͻȻһɱסַĺ󱳣һƵǹ𣬼ͬһ˲䣬ӵͬʱϮַ㡣
һӵĺģס·ǿŸܣᱻһӵС
ӵͬʱ˻һִǾǶԷֻһǹַȴͨĲķֱ
СģϴҪ㡣
ǹ죬ĶеЩͷϽַ㡣


7  Ҳܿǹ
ַ΢Цǰ֮УԼ첻ѪдһԤ˵Ϯ˵ʱκ˶иḻķ͵Ϯ顣
ַһЦ漴˫ۣץȥﵽһٸ֮ǰǿҲ˴ȵߡ
ֻƾۣԿӵٷеĹ켣
ʴﵽһǧ㣬ʱһ϶κãʻԵֿסӵĹ
һֱַ̣ӽӵģ΢΢һ֣ӵͷʯذ֮󣬲΢΢𣬴ĵذϸǷһĽײ
־ȻԽסٷеӵӵȴûйᴩƣôܣ͵ϮĿɿڴ
ͨղǵɱַԸоϮǽʬ
Ƚʬͣòǹеǵĩڣۡ
ߣɱֻϵʬǿҲ޷ɱʬϷ̰֮Ѫ̰Ϸ
ղϮĲͬĻֱַӽеӵԷ򱬣˵
ַ㽫еӵץסһ͵Ϯؾӳ֣ʤһľ㵣Ҳʶ֮Ϲɱ˵Ķɱ֣Ҳһս
ַԽеӵסʱ򣬹ȥȫôôǿˣֽӵ⻹
֣ʤַͷ˵벻㻹ûбΧĽʬԵ
ַ漴ı˻ͷһʵղΪʲôϮң
ɱҵĺüֵܣҪ֮Է
ɱֻǽʬ
Ȼǰɱ¾ʹַıüΪ壬ɱˣԼԭģǾ˲Ҳˡ
ղǼ׷ԼִйַҲΪԷҪץɱ䡣
ǴЩѾīɫУַ֪ЩѾʼɥʬŹϻЩˣڻɱʬַûκϰ
֣ʤ΢΢һȷַ㿪ǹ֮ǰߵĺܶ˵۾ѾʼıɫֹҲýӲַôһ˵ղŵͬһط
ǲͷſʲôŽǱɽʬģ㲻Ǿѣұ㽫֮Է
ͷŶûôı°ȫ˶ȥߵĻִᷢϵǽʬУԺֻһǾǻɱнʬޣͬķϣҿԭһΣ´εĻһֱӽɱ
˵⻰ʱַеɱͻȻŨΧ¶ҲƺҲһ½˺ܶࡣ
֣ʤһϣͷһŨصɱ
ɱһֻоɱ˲ܻܣǰҲϹܶɱĺڵͷְҵɱ֣ϵɱȴԶԶַʱϵᲢۡ
˵ЩڵϵɱСϪĻַϵɱȵĺҪɱ˲ܻŨɱ
һǸ۲۵ĶħҪȻϵɱô졣
˲֪ж޹˻ɥϡ
ַ˵ѾʬеʱĿûһ˿Ĳͷ·ҳһʱ̣Ϊʲôôƽ
ĶһĲһѪô˶˽ʬַС˵˵һ̣Ķײǽĳ嶯
ַĶԶıӰ֣ʤ޺޵˵첻ɱһڵģΪһһὫ֮Է
ַعͷ˵֮Էˣ㽫ץסܽ˭ߣҲûǸ
֣ʤ΢΢һҲǽʬеĻ˲Ҳǲܵ顣
Լһ죬¶׼ɱ˷ҲֻץȨûɱȨˣԼץסְ˭ء
֣ʤַͻȻԼάʱͻȻٵʱ̣뵽ĲλץﷸһθеˣĩҲˡ
ǵһԼǱϣ֮ѪڵȼƻжŲμսһ졣
죬ȴͻȻһԼˣȻѪȴĩлȥֻҪԼ뿪ܿͻᱻܱߵĽʬɱ
ĩڣ඼ѾüΪѪ£ַֻԹۣ𣬵ڣȴһˣΪԼ
㲻ץǺãҸһᣬֻҪңұ㴦ãеɡ
ΪʲôҪȥ
֣ʤԥַû˵ʲôֱӳ¥ȥ
Ķַ㣬ʵϴ㲻ҪǸ˸ˣ
ȳϣı㡣
һַȻĩһĲпᣬ󲿷ֵ඼ĩһ䡣
һַ㲻ǵõһĻҲĩ֮
һ֣ʤĶͨˣûʲôĻٷ֮ٵѪԪꡣ
Լĩʮչ˵ĻȥϣӺܶ࣬ǲĩڡ
ҪԼҲΪãԷĻַŲǸԼأԼѽ
ôˣ֣ʤЩſڽ࣬ԷȻ͵Ļ˵һ䣬¥вҡҡλӰʱٲԥǳַıӰ׷ȥ
ȥУղţۿ˽ʬӴ󣬸ղһʬһȭˮϾȻֱ׵ˮشۣʬȭͷԴϵĻԼԴƻһ򱬡
ַղɱʬͬɱܹסɳ۵ӵ֣ЩɲĽʬӿ¡
ԼһĻǲһ죬ԼҲԱǿˡ
֣ʤ첽׷ַа΢Цֻҵ֣ʤץԼ˵Ǹθʹкǿˣˣһ㶼ܰϧԼ϶Էһ׷
໡
һʬ֪ʲôط˳һצ֣ʤץȥ
֣ʤ¶־ı飬ղűۿһԱʬĺ֮£ΣѪˮһأɲôˡ
֣ܵʤַ𣺡ʬצϴŨҵʬһֻҪһ㣬СʱڱɽʬұɽʬԶҲٱ࣬ҪСĵ㡣
ڽʬ׷֮£֣ʤ˵ĻᶼûУַǿ̵ӡַֻ֪ҪһͿԽʬŵַȴûгֵĴ㡣
ѾģһԼղ˵Ҫ֮ԷŽ赶ɱˡ
еǹǸʲôõģ
֣ʤ΢΢һһֻֽǹ˳ʬϵľ֮ʱȴĿǹ
ǶҵĶԱôܶԼĶԱأ
ַ㲻˵κһɽʬ֮󣬱Ѿˣ֮ǲǸ˲ٿصɱ¾ѡ
죬֣ʤܺĶѾɽʬľԱֵĻԶ޷ĩĲпᣬѴʱȥ
˻󣬶Լ˵ҲǸ׸ַɲҪ׸Ķڣ޷ĩпٱǿĻԼ˵һ׸ԼҲԥ
ĩʵʡ


8  㼼
ۼԼƵǣ֣ʤŭٹҾͿǹˣ
ʬͬʲûͣסŲϾʬʶֻ֪Ѫ˵Ļ
ϴ˵ͷӻ᲻Ὺǹ
˵ǹĻᱻʬץˣʱҲɽʬ
㲻
һȥĻһɲǷƷվʲô˶ǰҲ֡
ַĶ˵ĶҲһĩҪǰ֣Ȼҵĺѣ㲻ѸٱǿĻҲ᳹㡣
ַĶʱԴη˵֪ϴԺ󲻻ʧǡ

ۼ޷ܣ֣ʤŽʬɹƾһǹʬһϵָ˺üš
ʬٶȴûܵʲôӰ죬ֻǸеЩŭȻʬǻۼ֮ͣܵ󣬻ǻԹ˲ǿ֮顣

֣ʤеǹϵӵˮкذ䵽ʬϡ
ԾǺ»ǻ£ֻҪ˿ʼͻһ·ȥ
ĽʬȻǧٿףȻҡҡλ֣ʤ
ַüͷһ壬ʬɥʬ㽫Ҳȥǽ˵ָ򱬣ܽʬ״
нʬ˵ָ඼ڽʬüλã֣ʤһѾѻǹĻ۴нʬԴκһλԽʬԴ򱬡
һǹȴûЧڽʬԴϴһСװˣֻҪʬüĲУ½ԴҲȥ
ڣһż۵ӵҴ˽ʬüģʬһͷ˵ڵء
֣ʤ˵ϣ棬ͬʱӿ˾޴ĴܸС
ԼȻɱһϦദľԱȻ˽ʬд˿Ȼܡ
ַǰֱӴӽʬƵԴȡˣɾݸ֣ʤ˵ǽʬԴȪڣ֮ҲѸٱǿҽ̸ȡ˵İ취ĳһץңͱǿɡ
ôǿ𣿡
š
ô֪Щģ
εʱ˸ҵġ
֣ʤַ֪㲻Ը˵ʵҲûм׷ʣɱʬһ˲䣬ľҲӦ
ԺԼҪͨɱʬǿԼˣҪȻԼĩлȥ
ĩôٵأǰ˺ʲô֪ʲôأ˵ˣ
ʳ˵Ĺ̲ӣֻҪ˷ģڵͨͿԽʳ
ʱֹʬַ⿪˼ǹ׼ȷĻ˽ʬüģȡˣȡ
ڱһٵԺַȡ˵Ч󽵵ͣտʼʱһеԼȡ㣬ǵڣֻȡһҡ
£ַҲ֪Լٵ֮Щ˼Լʵþ͸΢΢ˡ
Ȼⲻ˵Ժռʬڵ˾ûʲôˣ෴º󣬱һϣ֮ǽʱ˽ȡĩǰңΪͨûҡ
ʱȫĸϣ֮Էס޶˽㣬ֱĩ꣬ȫϣ֮ϻĩרõĻңһֽݺҵֽʻңȡ˳űЯ˵ľ档
˴¥ĶͻȻ˵ϴȥ¿һԼĸĸ
Ķũ˳ĸĸ£ĩˣıԼĸĸ
ַ̾һ˵ȥ·ϣǡôǵļ·ʱһȥݷòĸˡ
ϴ˵ҵĸĸ°ɣ
벮ĸӦǼɡ
ַ㰵ԿЦһһ˱ɽʬĿԼûмǴĻĶĸĸӦʺ
ĸĸûбɽʬܱ߽ʬƼУҪȴҲǧѣңȣũҪȳе滷նĶࡣ
ĩУ˽ʬҴȺ壬Ҳ˼ı죬˲ͬǲûҴһάֲ䣬Ǳࡣ
һ࣬ʬ壬ʬʬèضǣвٶɥʬ
Щɥʬǿڵһ±һٸԼһͷʬҲʰ£ԼһȺʬĻԼ˵ٷְٵ
һǱЩȻһǻŵԼǻжȴ͵ĹޣһֻͨıҲԽüҴɡ
ĩΣյĵط£һĩڣ˹뽩ʬ԰µĩ꣬еĶǿȻ׵ũȥԡ
ҲΪʲôҴľӣڽϣ֮ǵʱ򣬰ѡַѡ˳еԭڡ
ȳʩȫֻȱҴҲ϶࣬Ҫǳй뽩ʬ٣סϣ˺ܶࡣ
ȥĴֿһ£
֣ʤԼ»ӣһ
ַ¶һ˿Цĩʱһ뵽ĶԼˣԼǣҵıԼĶĲµԼĸĸ֣ʤҲӦԼǣҰɣ
ĩòԵȴһпʵеļͥĩбò벻һԼǰԼô˵绰ӦҲһһĩ֮
ĶĸĸҲѾ˽ʬ߱ʬ޳ԵΪ˰οĶַҲò˵ЩοĻ
֣ʤҲȥһԼˣۿԼ˱˽ʬ߱ʬԵ˺飬֪᲻һӷ
ַҲûκνڲ֣ʤȥԼˣ˵ĴֲԶһȥɣȴҪнκ׼
ߣ
˸ճ¥мʮͷʬᵽ˿ƯѪ˹
ַǹ˵Ȼǵӵв٣ĩûеطȥӵһĵ޷ҵõӵҪʡŵá
ڳʱ򣬽ЩȥĽʬԱǹ˳Ȼַ⻰Ӱʲô֣ʤؾԼɼΪţ˸ַָֻ̲š
֪˵ôʡ
ˡ
ַһǶȣ͵һǹһӵһʬü˽ȥִԺ󵯳׼ȷļһͷʬüġ
ͨ
ͷʬͬʱ
ҲС
֣ʤ̬Ȼǹ֧Ĵ͸ǿ֮̾ڣȷԴﵽһǹЧ
ôӵһʬüģʬԴйᴩ֮׼ȷڶʬüĵء
֪ӵ᲻ķı䣬ַȴ׼ȷһǹ̵ͷʬǧ治С
ܿ죬ҪѪһĻַÿһǹܴһͷʬü룬׼ȷĽһͷʬüĴ򱬡
̬ѽ
ַڵһһǹ̵ͷʬʱΪɺϣַȴУ㲻˵ɺϣһǹ
˵ַʱַǽͷ䣬׼ȷ˼ҪɥʬľԱ̾Ϊֹɽ۷ĻַɣȴԼ۾⡣
ɣĿǰû˵ĸҵֿ
֣ʤǹģַģһǹǿӵᴩһͷʬü֮󣬲֪ɵȥˣ˼ǹǵһǹ뽩ʬüģڶǹƫ˷
ȻҲмӵڹᴩʬԴ֮˺潩ʬϣȴҪЩʬ첻ʵԵ˺
Ͼһ㽩ʬǿ㽫ǧٿףҲȥǽüĵָȫƻʬŻȥ
֣ʤһһߺʵΪʲôҲһǹ񣿡
㼼У
֣ʤͻȻ棬Լؾڹл˵ĺóɼǽ죬ȴָУͻȻҪȥײǽĳ嶯
˵ַĻǺ˵˵˼ȴһǹԼȴѧģüĿòƸļһ﾿Ǹı̬


9  Ӧ
⵹ַ֣ʤ֣ʤ޷Լһǹᴩͷʬȷ⡣
Ȼ֣ʤɣĩ֮ǰҲһĩпҴȣǲԶˡ
⵹˵ĩУЩ˵жôĺãѹǰÿ˶ڿٵĽʱŲˣʱ̭ˡ
ַĩǰһЦһԹȴ׷춫صӣΪʲôܵô졣
ӻشԼΪһƴܣԹֻΪһٷڱܣԹ׷ԭڡ
˼´ͬС죬ĩе˿ѹԶԶĩ֮ǰ࣬˲ŻŷǱ
ɣȻĿǰܹ࣬գĩڣֻҪǹһʿûʲôֵҫġ
֣ʤַɱʬͬʱĶҲʼįǹ˹Ľʬȥʬʬ֮ʣĶȻַ˵ϴɵ˶ٽʬ
ʮǹʮʬ
ͬ־أ
ʮǹɵʮͷʬ
Ҳ֣ʤǹЩʬڿƶʱ̣֣ʤʮǹܹʮͷʬĩڣĳɼѾǺ˲ˡ
Ķعͷַ˴Ĵָϴ󣬹Ȼҵ洫ǰ;
عͷ֣ʤ˵˵ͬ־˵ĳɼ࣬պҪٽϴĲ
ɱ˶ٽʬ
ʮ巢ӵɵͷʬţǹǺãҲֳݵҰɣһܵ͵ģ
֣ʤֱۣ޳ܵĶ֪ܣˣȻƴԼˣǵһμ
ַ˼ʮˣʹڵﵽһʮ㣬ȴҡͷԼɻĽʬٶ࣬ҲԼʵߣ̫ãԼлɱ޾ͺˡ
޵ĿֲַҲ
ĩһ£СĹҲһٵҰĹΪǿԼҪɱһͷͨĹޣҲҪѺܴ
ˣ֣ʤҲﵽʮңĶﵽʮ㣬Զһ㽩ʬټǹֻֻҪϱޣĩǰϣӦòǺܴ
ŶӵĺôǵһԼĩµʱǿﵽһٵ㣬һһĹԼʹﵽһʮ֮ࡣ
ţ֣ʤͻȻӿ˽Ų˾ֵļԺУϣҲؽ֮ɫһĸ·Ҳǻ
»ӣ֣ʤ
Լķ֮ʱȴַѾһˡ

֣ʤԼдſǻ뿪ʱһűͻȻײһǳɫзĵŮҡҡλγ˹
֣ʤ̧ͷʱȴŮȴѾüΪˣ»Ѿһ߽ʬȻŮʱȴŧ۾ǱīɫһѪ̰֣ʤ֮󣬷·𿴵ζʳ
໣
ŮҰް˻𣬲Ӷŷ絶צץ֣ʤؿڣ֣ʤһգȻ˶ܡ
һԵַͻȻǰһץסŮŮץ֮޷˵ֱۡ
漴ַ㽫Ůӳ˼ʮ֮ԶŮصһֱ̣ӽذһӣͬʱڵ߹Ҳ˺ü
ַڵʣһ㽩ʬһ㣬˲ܰŮ񵾲һ˳ȥ
֣ʤʹ۾ɫ˵ҪôԼӡ
κ˱ɽʬ֮󣬶޷ٱ࣬㲻ѪĹĻǾͽɱ
֣ʤľַҲмᣬһУۿ˲ĩڵĺֵһɥʬȴΪʲôˡ
καɽʬ˶ٱˣһ㣬ַǰľٶ࣬Ҳﲻ֣ʤ
߰ɣ
ָĮ˵ղȫԻɱŮʬΪ˲̼֣ʤֻǽ˳ȥ
Ժ֣ʤҪԼĻģȻԸΪ˻ɱһصŮʬ֣ʤ֮Ĥ
Ժ
ͣѪѪ⣬߱ǿ޻ɱ
ɥʬֻʵѪҺԵƵĿͨѪǿĳ˵ǸŮӱɽʬһ𣬱һ
ǰһߵ˱ɽʬĻַԥĻɱ
һֻҪĶ֣ʤȾʬҲĽǻɱպһѪĹ
ŻվŮ֣ʤ£ǹ

ŮüǹīɫȥһͷԵ֣ʤ򷢷Ƶ˵Ůǰӵ
ַ̣Ķδһʡ
·һ֣ͣʤŽŮ建𣬲ǵİȥ
Сʱȼܴ
ַɫһ䣬벻֣ʤѡ·Լǿȥǿϳ˵Ѿˣһûǿˣǲڲпĩлġ
ϴ㿴߳ˡ
ַһϲ漴ǰһįӰһһĻУǸ˼ѵǰУ·ÿһľԼȫ
֣ʤߵַǰ֮ʱȥ˺ܴĲͬһɱ֣һλԱ
Դ뿪İ֮ʱѾڹȥһȫնϵǸˣĵһŮˣѾȫʱĺСֻкޣʱĳޡ
ܽʱ
֣ʤ˵֮ʱûһ˿飬·ŵĻʯ
ַ˵ͷܺã˵ѾӦĩ
ǻɱнʬޣһ硣
á
ַЦһԼʱ޿̲װ룬ΪʬޣȻμֻȫ򶥼ǿ߲ʸսչ
ǳսУҲûпʬޱ壬ʱĵ
һһв֪Ƿı䣿


10  ɥʬȮ
ַǰĶ֣ʤ󣬳ȥ
Ҫȥ봩һ·ȷׯſԴﵽ
ĩ֮󣬲ڹ·ϼ۵ͻȻ˽ʬ׷ɱߵҴߣ·ϵͳȫ̱
Ҫȥֻ˳ĸٹ·һ·УҪԤһ·Ľʬޡ
ʬöԸһ㣬ɥʬĶޣʱԼҪСˡ
ǵһĩĵһǿĽ࣬ҹһ˵Ұ⡣
ϾҰɥʬʵ̫ˣǿĽ࣬һ¼ٵҲҵҰȥЩǿҲͿڳгư԰ˡ
һɥʬ޺еҰ⣬ǿҲֻа׵ˣĩڣսʿܽ˻ѱأԿϵ۽ʹԼһʱڱʮʮʱеȥҰԡ
໡
ŭ𣬼ʮʬΧ˹ַǹĽȻַһǹ񣬶֣ʤȻһǹһĶǹȴ˺ܴߣǹͷʬҲ졣
ĶΪͨˣǹĿռܴ󣬵֣ʤҪʱַĪǹͺˡ
˿ٴӽʬҳˣ뿪ʱһȷַһ˲
ƽƯζַͿԶ϶һǸĽʬȮԼŸ˹ƾζͿԶ϶ʬȮٴﵽһٵ
һٵѾ൱ʮͷʬܺˣȻĩһ£һ㽩ʬʮͬΪɥʬҰǣǵȴԶԶɥʬࡣ
һͷͨĽʬȮҲͨĽ࣬ɥʬצӣھɥʬ̶֮ȿȾĵ
һĽĩڱĻһǽ࣬ɥʬצӣȴûгֵıһ˫Ϳ֪ˡ
벻ԼȻ඼֮ĽʬȮ֣ʤĶɥʬĻһᱻʬȮצ塣
Ȼ֣ʤĶǹǹֻܶԸһĽʬ࣬ϽʬȮǹٺãôнʬȮüҲûãǹӵ޷͸ʬȮ̵Ƥë
ǿɥʬ￿ǸϽҸطһչ˲ǣ
Ķ˶ʱĿɿڴ
ĩ֮ǰַɵһ֣˼ʮڱĩ֮ƾŸ߳ǹÿǹȥؿɻͷʬ
УַǸɱħɱħĿ´ڣʲôһ̩֮Ȼַɫ䣬˽
֣ʤȻҲɻ󣬵ȴַ֪㴦¼зִ磬ȻҪԼ뿪Ƿ˼ǿĴڡ
ǸڵַĻԼæҲ뿪ʡΪչԼ˴ʧˡ
ԼСĵ㡣
֣ʤĶոնʮͷʬ˹ڽʬһףؽֵĴͽʬȮ
⽩ʬȮֻ±ȵһͷţĴСͷʬȮеϻǵ⣬ģʣµĲ׶񣬸ǽ˿ľս
ŽʬȮһŭʮͷʬ·õһҡҡλεַ㡣
ڰĶ֣ʤӲһۿйʬҲ٣ͷʬȮôߴֲɥʬﻹǵһμ
Ǹ׵ΪʲôôĽʬȴӽʬȮӦòһŶѽ
һ㣬ַ㵹֪ɥʬУһǿΪСɥʬǿɥʬɥʬ֮ҲɱɥʬҪֻʵѪ⣬ѾʧȥѪҺɺɫͬѪ⡣
ҲĩڣɥʬΪȫ򹫵еԭڡ
һ֮УȻҲ࣬ĿֻΪӣֻҪлʳһ㲻ࡣ
ǵĩڣѾúǿЩǻ۲ıܿǿ࣬ˣͬԸѪɥʬ
֮ʱΪʳҲѪȵɱЩ޶ۣ໥ɱҲǺ顣
ĩڵҲǿȥʱʳＫΪȱ֮໥ɱ˳ҲʱзһжΪ˻ȥ
ַһһѱѾģѱսǱżУȻѽʢľȣĺôᣬʺĿǰԼʹá
ѱҲʵ֮תõʱΪһССָ߽Լϣһõʱٻ
ʱʮͷʬѾ嵽ַǰһƬ֣ʤĶַ㵣ģȻҲ۶ЩʬһƱػᱻͷʬȮ
ַҲûнԼȻжԸԷİգ˽ǹĬָΣյʱǰæ
ؼһʽ
ַеıϼ⣬ͬ⳯ɢȥ
һҽдʮͷɥʬͬʱн屻࣬Ѫɢһء
Ķ֣ʤͬʱŴ͡
һ˲ɱʮͷʬȿǹĶ죬ΪԼĴѽĶ֣ʤһӱֶַθסˡ
ǰַ㣬ֻҪǹǾ·Ѹոһǹ֮󣬾ȻȸղŻ̬⾿Ǹʲôţѽ
ĶַǶѣΪ˽ԷǵֱֳַɱʬĻ棬֪Լʵ˽Է
벻ַǸǿˣԼǰôһͷûأ
нʬֱֳַ֮ĿͷﵽһٵĽʬȮһᡣ
һԼﵽٵ֮󣬲ſʹؽһʽԼһʮ˵޷ʹĽ
ʱȣַҲǲòգʹһֱ֮ϵĽ˺ĸ߸һƣ͸ϮȴҴ⣬ΪĶֻڶ档
ɥʬǻۼͣǿǵжҲ漴ߣַһնɱʮͷɥʬʱ򣬱ַ֪ǸΣյĴڡ
ͷʬȮȻŭһַ㣬ѪıԣǿַǰҲһΪʳַĻҲһǿܶࡣ

ʬȮצһӻַǰַϴսǱеķƤףʬȮһצûץַƤ޴ĳȻַǰһڣͬʱһѪӿ˳
ȥɣ
ַ䣬ն˽ʬȮľһȴûп½ʬȮԴֻĺһĴڣĺѪַǡ
ʹһַ֮ʱ۵ĽƣʬȮأȴҲзǿҵĺ⣬ַ㲱ҧ˹ȥ


һǹӵ׷䵽˽ʬȮϣڽʬȮʼǿЩӵûж˺ȴ˽ʬȮַٶȡ
ڽʬȮһ˵ٶȼ죬ַһܣǽʬȮٶһٶۣȴҵ˻ᡣ
ַһȭһʮֱ˽ʬȮϡ

޴ֱӽʬȮŴ漴ʬȮһʬ廬䵽˵ϡ


11  ѱ
ַ㳯Ķ֣ʤ˵ͷ¶͵ıȻԼûн˳æڷַ㴦֮Ȼƾһ㣬֪Լûпˡ
һ֮УҲʶ˲ٺֵܣΪڻַ㣬ĩУʧȥֵܵľγϹ
ַĽͶַ˵ַһ˫ֱǷǵ۾˺ٿۡ
ȻԿ˵ıԣȴ޷յľƣտʼʱ
һҲ֪Ķ֣ʤΣҲֵεˣźԥĽĶ֣ʤԼߡ
ղŵἤŭͷɥʬȮɥʬȮַǹĶ֣ʤĻǾ޷ɥʬȮĹȻֵ֣ܣһĩпĸ塣
ȻĩǰڣܶǻܱŻôͳĩڣҪһεյŶһ𣬿˵һ޷顣
ʱΪ˻ȥѾûκԭ򣬳ֵܳѾ˼ҳ㷹֪һǶԼĸ黹ֶܱá
ϴͷɥʬȮ𣿡
ĶʣղͷɥʬȮƶٶֲ̫ղͷɥʬȮƶٶȣҪ˵ˡ
ͷɥʬȮԼԼֻĿɥʬȮ˹ҧԼĺ
ԼʱΨһģҲֻвҽһһ˿ֲɥʬȮȴַһ˺һȭӲԴ֣Լϴ
ַͷ˵ͷɥʬȮ̫һǿʰԺǿɥʬȴҪСһЩˡ
һȻ֪ĩ֮ɥʬжôǿ󣬳ﻹһЩ´ʱҰ⣬ﵽٵɥʬȱȽǡ
һĩڣӦûûһеҰߣԼȷʵҪȥġ
ԼڱĵԼȥԮԼȥһҲ͸ȫһ㣬Ͼڲпĩʲô鶼пܷ
ַ㽫ɥʬȮڵȡϵʱеԼﵽ˶ٵ㣬ٵʹǿ֮УڼΪǰλá
ҰɥʬȣвٵĲࡣ
ַڵǿнҰĻȻᱻȺɥʬԵʣǸٻӰֲòȥ
һԼҪǰںϻѱҩˣȻԼûͻһǧ㣬ȻԼҩںϣɹʲ֮һȴһԣҪȻڵҰҲֻ
ַɥʬȮϵҲøϬ࣬Ķ֣ʤҲ¶Ľɫ
ǿַ֮ʱиǴ󲻽⡣
ô£սʤˣɥʬȮϵһǿ˲٣ַ㻹һüչģǰ˼⡣
ַ㵭ĮӰͻȻ𣺡Ҫȥһ·Ҫ壬ЩطɥʬһСĶп䣬ϣҲ͸ˣԸҵĻҲԣҲ˵ʲôǿѡɣ
̸ַУǵ֪¸£ҴΪıϣ֮ǽȽ뱱֮ͨҲᱻͨ
ڣһͨɱʬǿԼһߵȴϣ֮ǵĽԼȥͶʱļ˺ܶࡣ
ϾĶ֣ʤѧ˴ӽʬȡҳɥʬ٣Ұ⣬Ҫȫࡣ
Ϊʲôǲȵϣ֮ǽ֮ǵǿ֮ȥأ
֣ʤ⻰˵ĺеˣһ԰ȫĻȴĵֿ֯ȥͶȥϣͻɱӡ
ǿͬʱɥʬ޵ҲѸٱǿұͨʲôʱͨҲ˵ҲͨûдͨĹޱѾɱ˳ڵҴȫˣȻҲҪȥȫ࣬ҲŲǿʲôԸԸңǣ
ַĻɾûһˮ
⻰⵹ĶЩʧѾģ㲻ŻһٽһȥڵãֱӰȥΣڵİȫȫ˵˳ԼǽˣҪЩ̰ˣԼôȻôˡ
ҵȻҪ㣬ӦңҪ˳·ʱȥҼһˣѵСҪˣɣ
ȻĶҲ֪ԼĸĸĩҴԼҲԼĸĸģѾĳЩʵ
ڣȴͼĽڽԼַߡ
ĶʼΪԼ֮ûбʬԵȫǵַıӻԼµģȻַȥԼȥȫǸ
֣ʤһʼ˵˵һһὫ˽֮ǰҵȻҪ㡣
š
Ķ֣ʤıַֻ̬ǵ˵ͷûж˵ʲô
෴Ķһ񹲷ߵģҧгݵ˵̫ˣλϵܶ˵Ҫˣȴ佱Ļ˵һ䣬ϵ۶ԭСġ
㻹ң
ǻ˵
Ķն˵ûңһĴߣµôġ
ҿţҽСһˣû֮ǰǽʬֻ࣬ҪҿǶǹǵͷҴ򱬣ס𣿡
ϴ㲻˵ҪȥԼСʲô
ȻһҪ飬סҵĻ
ַ˵ֱ꣬ӽСݣ󣬴Լս֮ȡѱء
ѻѱؽַʱ¶һ˿ײ΢Ц
ϵͳŮȻսǱһָƣĩǰڣҪɹܽѱأҲҪﵽһǧ㣬ɹںϻѱصĳɹͲǧ֮һһǧʣɹѻѱصıǽ֮һ
ַһǼӵĺܣôҲһõˣڲŶٵʣһǿںֻѱأΪһ̲Ѫˮ
Ȼַ֪ǿܽѱжôѣȴⲻַ㡣
ַľ˺ӡΪѾǻ۵ĲϵͳȻԸô»¡
ַܽѱʧܣǲŽкСѾͷء
ַӹѱصһ̣ݺݶһ˿ζʵ
һѵħ֪˷ܽѱؾһҪںҩ֮ǰԼԪȻñɡ
Ȼаַ㣬ȴһˮģ˵һ˾֪Ǹ󸻴󣬸ޱ֮ˣ˴ںϻѱҲһɹ
ڵɵģȷǰ׶ģˣַȴ֪ǿķǡ
ʱַҲ룬ʲôŵƣʹһŹӰΪӵǻۣϵͳŮأ
㼪ԣ
ַ˵⻰תСݡ
ޡ
ַıӰ²ѡ
Ѿģ󸻴֮࣬ҿӶһغ࣬ŰɣһͿԿɷǻΪŧѪľģˡ


12  ϵ۽
Ҵܣַ¶ʹ಻ģˣ·˺һܵҪ
ʱַ㣬ϵһ΢СϸʱضмķС
ַ˫䣬һɼֵĺݾĵð𣬲Լ촽ҧѣһ˿Ѫ߹ǰȴһ㶼ûв
ȻһҲĩڣɹϵ۽һϸܾ䣬̥ʹоʱһͦ˹
һֽг޷ܵʹȻʹ飬һʹԶԶһ
һַ㣬ںϻѱصʱѾﵽ㣬˶Կʹǿ
һֻжٵܵʹһҪ˺üȻһɹϵ۽һȻҲԳɹǹ
ʣҪɹϵ۽ȴôǵһĩڣеĶǿ߶ϵ۽Ϊ˾ĤݵĶ
ĩڣ޷ϵ۽˼䡣
һԼһϵ۽ĻͿԵõһöԴΪȫ򶥼Ŀֲڡ
ʧܵıҲ൱ߵģյȣЩʲô
һصĿռǸԵСЦĿַ㣬ַʹıܡ
ͬʱĬĬַѽѽô군ǸɷΪһ̲ѪˮĶһӦüɡ
Ŀռվܹĵַ㣬Ҳ̫ѽ飬ȻսǱѾСŦ۴Сȴ̬ͨӦϵͳĿַһһ
ʱĶ֣ʤе⣬ĩöˣǻǵһС
֮ʣĶ֣ʤһк˵С˵˵ϴ󾿾ڸʲôģ·֪
֮Ѿˣ֣ʤֱĶҪĶųƺ֣ʤС϶߶磬ʲôۡ
ΪպҪһս֣ʤʱҲĶ˵ϼ䣬ǰʱӶ࣬ĶҲϰ֣ʤĮ֣ʤߴߴ˵ͣ޳ܵļһ֪ʲôΡ
ǲǣͽȥɣ
֣ʤ˵ַԶǸһĴڣַǹֱֳոĻ棬ַƺֶһееֲ
֪˹ǲˣôǿ󣬲е鶼׼ȷİסˣʲô
֪ϴƢóȻȥĻ񲻱ǸЦļһʹһ٣Ī뿴ұͷģ
š
㡭ﲻһ޳ܵļһƫƫĵ
һ˿ȷƮ֣ʤɫһ䣬ȻûַζıΪһľ죬ȴǰԤ֪Σյ١
ղſƮȳѾΣյıƽȻѾﵽ߰ʮǹȻľĸо˵һĽʬѾв˿̵Ŀ־зԽԽǿҡ
ȫעȻסǹ֣ʤĶһ£Ц񾭹òãô;ǹְҵϰ𣿡
ְҵãǿĽʬ߹޽ӽҪȻȳζŨء
ʹܽѱصַȴ׵ĸ֪һУ֣ʤûаǹ֮ǰѾһֻĽӽ
ַ㲻ǣֻǱޣµɥʬȻ޵ñͬɥʬǿ
ȴӴҲײУڼ伢£ǶѪĿԶԶɥʬ
һлб޵ĳ֣ҪΪԶ¸ɾҲ٣ɥʬҲ١
Ϊͨĵȴ鲼еκһ䣬ĽֱҲ޲ߣֱ޳ԵɵĶ֣ʤ
˵б޼٣Լôôƫƫһͷʳı󣬶ԼںϻѱأֻҪԼһ֪Ķ֣ʤܲӦͷ
ڰĶ֣ʤһСĺɫﻺַڵСλȥʱıɢζ
Ȼַ㻹жξ룬ͷѾ˸ʵѪ⣬СеǸʳΪ
͹޵Խǿ࣬ɢϢԽǿ󣬶ʳҲǿֱĶ֣ʤֱַȥ
ЩֱɥʬΪʳ͵ˣ˵ɥʬȻҲʳҴȣЩɥʬﲻһѱʵĸˣȻζȡ
Ŀ֮˷ܵĺһĺУѸܱߵļʬ࣬Щʬ෢֣ҡҡλγͷȥ
ڽʬУκʵѪⶼζʳͷһżΪʵѪ⡣
ȻֵЩʬ̫࣬Ϊ͵ɥʬ࣬ȴ˼ԼǲǶԷĶ֣ΨһģǼʵѪ֮˹ȥˡ
ʬΧ˹ͷŭһŷצĳ


죬ոոϹĽʬԴʻʢצһʬԴɱ򱬵ϡ
֣ʤĶͬʱһϣղűצӸǵϣ˺ð촭ֽɥʬɱˣҲûʲôȴͷһצԴͽǸе˼ˡ
ֵǿѽòַһЩɱɥʬḶ́ȫһʯͷ˼ϣڲʲôĺǾͿ֪ˡ
˼ͷɥʬĶ֣ʤ㿴һȫͬھսոտʼѾʹ֮ļƻȫա
ͷɥʬȥֱ֮ӽצӰɥʬϣһ죬ҧһͷɥʬѾ𲻿Դһ³һ׻ͷ
һֱ㽫ɥʬԽڣһͷɥʬҲ˸ͬһ³ʳɥʬԽ֮ͷֳַڵСȥ
ͷֻɱɥʬһ㶼ԵɥʬڣǸ۵Сһǿࡣ
ѪⲻʣǿǸĻȳԵһͷɥʬҪǿöֱ࣬ӳַڵСȥ
ð죬ĶŲ˵⡭ͷĺǿ󡭡ô졭


13  
ͷ޵ȷǿǣֻҪһƾͿԽĳһ̰࣬ܵĻü
֣ʤ⻰Ȼ˵УĶȴһֱǿұӵĸо
ѵΪǸΣͷ𣿡
ţ
޾ȻԼƭ֮£˾֪Ķ֮Ѿģ㿴Űɣھȥѵѵͷ
֣ʤƲĶҲеѪԡ
ģһʮһú£ޡ
ĶǹͷֵԴϴȥ
ȻĶ˵ǹãһȴΪӵȫ׼ȷĴֵԴϡ
ӵȫĿ꣬Ķָͷһʤı飬ԼҲͻͽˣֻ±ԼϴַҲ˶ٰɡ
֣ʤĶ⸱ɵñһĵƺһ
ȻĶ֪һζûѰУҲǹãͷһ׵Ŀꡣ
֮ԻһӦͨٵжϣ֪зĽ˲
Ϊޣ˿ǻۣŶĶмһˡ
ӵֵԴַ֮˻䵽˵ϣĽײ
û뵽һĶǹͣ˰Уȫʯ
໡
ŭĶȥʱĶûдлظվ
һԵ֣ʤѵǹҲ׼ֵԴŴľĶһıġ
ñһУϽܣһɵƱɵˣȻǸûеĶ
СɵַϵУΪʲôַǸ̬ǿ󣬶ȴôͰͬˣΪʲôôأ


֣ʤǹĵطмɣĶͬΪ羫Ӣרҵʿӵֱֵ˫ۡ
Ȼǿ۾ӦûôӲɡ
Ÿתӵֻȡֵ˫ĿоΣգһͷѸޱȵ΢΢һΣܹ֣ʤӵ
Ȼûб֣ʤӵУͷַŭˣ뷨ŲмĶ֣ʤǿء
ˣһʮһʮûѡĻԵҲȳһ㽩ʬöˡ
ȴֶٵַϵڹ޵Уͷ·ɢŷζֻҪԵַ㣬ԽԼһء
Ķʹı⣬Ƚǰ鷳Ժ˵֣ʤ۾ǹʹŭˣΪ۾ȷıڡ
ֻҪ۾УᱻϹȻһӵٶȣоǻУȴһθевĶ֣ʤȥ
ڵַⷢһжԸоҲ֪ͷжôĿֲֿȭĻԼȥҲδʰͷ֣Լϵ۽
ھϵ۽ĹУĶ֣ʤп棬ˣֻҪպԼԳɳΪұۣȻܿǰ
ֻϧڴڻںϵĹУһںϱϣữΪһ̲ŧѪ
ʱĻڳɹںϻѱأǺаյġ
Ȼֻжٵǰ£ɹܽѱصĳɹʲ֮һȴ£ٵ˳ɹںϻѱصĳɹ֮ôͣҲΪںϵǿںϵľǿ
ַһʮ֮ãľѾǿޱȣðôգںϻѱصԭڡ
ȻһԼԳɹϵ۽һȻҲԣֵͻȻ֣ʱַȫƻ
ԼȥĶ֣ʤпԼֶˣȻҲ޷ȥ
ںϡ
ַ۾ҲһƬѪ죬ͬʱϻѱصںٶԱ죬ۿļٶȿںϡ
¼飬򲻴Ҫںֻѱرʮѣַǿмӿںϵٶȣⲻ¡
ͻȻ䣬һʹͬʱַĻʼ飬һ亹ںʧܵףԼ̫ļˣȥǻΪһ̲ŧѪɡ
ַ㽥ʲô룬ҩȫںϣģϵľҲԽԽᣬ⣬Ķ֣ʤٵΣȴӿֲ
ѽ
Լ˹֣ʤЦȻֲȴûзϣһԼˣͲҪֲˡ
ԼһҲ»ˣԼĶԱĺֵܣǶеԼ
һ̣ܶϤ֣ʤԺһһ
ǲ֣ʤһһ߿ٺˣӵľѻ֮£ֵٶȽ˺ܶ࣬жٵټϱֵצӼΪ˲ֻʮ֣ʤ
Ȼ֣ʤϿǹȻ׷ϣûü㱻һצɣУ֣ʤѪ磬ϴַ͸Ļ׵ĻָղһԽ廮ء
ȻûбһצΣ໹Ǳһצˡ
һԵĶҲ۾˶иģĶ֣ʤദ˼죬һ棬˵֮⣬ǺģԼȻܿ
ҴݺֻҪ֣ʤˣһԼַʱ򣬶С֮У֪ĸʲô
ĶҲַ֪һһҪ飬Σյʱ̣֮ԲһǲܳһжҪԼˡ
飬Ӵľջ
Ķ̧һǹһŸٷеӵһ˱ֵĸš
ԱֵķӦǲñӵеġ
ȫע֣ʤϣ˹ȥ֣ʤˣȴû뵽Ǹ޳ܵ͵Ϯ˺š
ҲǱֵıڣĸһӵ۵ֱð亹Ȼʱû֮Σ۵ȥȴǱⲻ˵ġ
໡
ֲһѪԼһֻСϸ͵Ϯˣ޴ʹȴһֶġ
֣ʤһ磬ĶһѰĶ˵ڵأһצĶԴȥ
ȻĶϵ׿жȥһ󲿷ֵĹԴȴû˿һצеĻҲֻǱһ˵ϡ
ˣôˣԼǸеģһӶûô̫ˡ
ʱСݵľͻȻըһѸݵӰһ˳˻δŭĺҡ
дɱ⣬·Ҫ顣
Ѿ߸צӵı֣µĺ΢΢һϣͣ˰С


14  ǹǹ
ֻ΢΢һ漴צӺԥȥȻԣ巢ı죬ѾǴ󿪣˿ַ㻰е˼
ְкβңԼٵɥʬ࣬Լ˵ĩǿߣҲͨҲˡ
ϴҡ
ַڳ֣Ķſǻ˵屻ֵһֻצӰ壬ģһҡ
ֵһֻצ͵ĳԴȥĶΪԼɣȴû뵽ַҪĹͷͻȻ֡
Ķϣĳַ㿴һۣʱַȥȫһˣⲻ˵ĳ࣬ϴ˿͸¶ǿţһУ·һеĴڣжѾ΢
ôһᣬΪʲôôı仯أַģƺЩУԼǲоˡ
ǵַǹʱĶвֳ̾һ
ֵʼǿַǹӵôֵڣ˺ء
ȻղԼ͵Ϯķ˱ֵľջַ㣬ַ޻ɳ˲Ŷԡ
ַҪǹֵ۾ֻҪһַۣӵƤϷȥ
Լַ㱨ôϣȴ벻һ֣ȴʹĻ
Ķı۾һԵ֣ʤҲа̾ȻַǹΪȴΪַʱǹʲôʵá
ַԽм۵ӵ䣬ǽͷ佫ʬһǹͷһǹͷʬʬͬ
ʾκӵƤңַڸҲΪȻַø߳ǹĿ꣬ȴ޷ǿӵԭıǹӵб֣Ҳֻڽһ

ǹһ𷢳ĶַֻһǹҲûʲôӦֻΪַԱֿǹһ١
֣ʤɫȴˣؾЩ˵ǹģȻַٶȺܿ죬ǿԴжϳ
֣ʤ֮ɫ䣬Ϊղӵмļ̫ˣӵֻ֮вһļ
ټĻǹɨ䣬мļҲûô̰ɡ
ǹ޷ǹɨ䣬ֻ۶ΰ۶ʱκ˶жݵͣ٣һɣַǹм伸û˿ͣ١
ǹٶƵģַôĿ۶ǹڲԪ𺦣ǹǹڻıΣַ֪Ϊʲôʹ˷Է֡
Уӵ۶ӵٶ̫죬Ķ֣ʤ޷ӵأǵǿһЩһῴǰΪ˼һĻ
ڵһӵɳַ֮ڷڶǹʱ΢΢һͬʱǹмԼһ˿ɵڶӵٶԶԶ˵һӵٶȡ
ڶӵ׷ϵһӵ֮׼ȷĻǿӵĺϡ
ܵӵײǰǸӵٶȻǱͻȻǿһ
Ŀӵı֪ǹӵ˲Ҳû⣬ڵڶӵ˵һӵ棬б˵һӵٶ뱬
ڱֻûüӦһ˲䣬ǿż۶ӵѾצӣƴ򱬣üڵצ뿪˱ֵ壬䵽˵ϡ
໣
һֻצӱãʱʹַ㼤еĺݾһֻצӷץĶԴ
ҲҪһ汳ġ
ַᣬеǹ࣬ӵȻǺӵǰǿӵںӵ֮£ǰǿӵٶȶʱǿһ
ֵһֻצҲ򱬣ѪˮӿĶǣȻĶµҪȴǿѹеĿ־壬ûа
ᣬԼԣձ˱˵ַ֮ܣûļַǹ
ǿٶȼӵת˱ֵüģüֱӴ򱬣ձַ建Ķ϶ٵı־ʹ䡣
ԴӿȪһӿѪĶڿ޵ĺ
֣ʤһαĴˣһֱΪȫĻߣԼɼΪţַȴһһĴ
ڣ֣ʤʼնֲףΪʲôַǿΪʲôôǿƼǴѧġ
Ǻˣͷּǿһˣһȥ
ַ㵱ȻǹȣڵѾﵽ˶ٵ㣬ͷֲ£ҪǿԼֻɱԼǿĹɥʬŻá
ԼͷֵˣҲԼʮѣ෴Ķ֣ʤ˵ĻԿǿǵ
Ȼǻ飬ַȻ뷽跨ǵ
ϴ㲻Ҫ
Լ׳ɵĹ涨˭ɱ˹ɥʬõ˱ɣĶŻдһʡ
ٷϻűֵ˶ô󣬶ȥ·ΣķǲǿԼȥ·ϣͶôԴǻûΪҳȻǾô׵
Ȼַ˵ĿĮ˵ֻǣĶ֣ʤлǸеһ˿ů⡣
Ķ֣ʤӱֵԴȡȥһеַͷ޵ʬսսǱС
СѾͷַͷѪıַսǱ֮УȻһӵԹԣȴҷ
ַˣڵַѾɹϵ۽Ȼһֻ֮ܿӵϵ۽ڿϵ۽ַ֮Ա屶ﵽһǧطȥԪҲѹס
бſַ㱬⣬ڵַ㣬ֱþη˺ܶ࣬ҲʵˣٱȴģͬʱеҪַҲøˡ
ַ֮԰ѱֵʬ屣ΪȻڳǿڸ֮УҵһЩɷһʳ伢Ұ⣬ȴʲôʳﶼûУֻͷֵ伢
ڱͷֵʼǿ⣬Խ±Լϵıַ㵱Ȼ᲻ӵ
Ķ֣ʤ˹ַʵڵﵽٵˣ
һٶʮ㡣
һٵ㡣
ַ˵ͷ֣ʤﵽһٶʮ㣬ĶҲﵽһٵ㣬Ѿͨ࣬ȥҰ⣬ҴĻӡ
ϴ󡭡
Ķ̽ʵղȥСиʲôˣ֮󣬸ȥ˺ܶ಻ͬôһ¡
ַЦЦԼ˵ںϻѱص飬Ҳס
Ժͻ֪ģ߰ɡ
Ҳ˵Ұ޺ܶ࣬ôеȥǿһ϶ͷΧҲ޷ԷȫУľɺζ
ַζĿ֣ʤһۣ˵ҼȻȥȻ·ϵĹޣµĻԼҲǿ㡣
˵ԼҪɣ
Ǿ߰ɣ
ԴӾϵ۽ַıǿȻһֱֻ̬֮ܿһΣһֻάǿ󹥻Ŀǰӵʱ䣬ȫԺɨʮڵйޡ
ղţַ㿪ϵ۽ԸͷֵĻֻһӣԽͷɱ
ֻҪϵ۽֮󣬶ʮСʱ֮ڱ޷ڶΡ
棬˵ԼϱΣգʱԼϵ۽ѾرգҲ޷Լ屶
ַڶԸ֣ûпϵ۽ԭڣֿԿϵ۽ĳ򲻵Ѿʹá
ЩĿǰȴûдĶ֣ʤ


15  
ַһ̤ǰ;ڱֱӵĻҰشɹܽ˻ѱأΣͷԿϵ۽ʱͻȻǿ屶η塣
ĩһ£ϵ۽֮ӵеһǧԺɨеıɥʬ
Ȼָֻ½ĴУµһ£֮ҲᵮӵмǧĿֲڡ
½أһ½ϵĻҰֲĵطɥʬｫչѪȵĽҲɳ졣
ڶʱڣ޷½أҪȻѾ֣ǵһǸצַĳβԺı
ںĽĩڣЩֲĺڵ½½չѪսǰս
Ŀǰ·Ψһַܹвģֻгôˡ
ǧƵϣӬӵȺԵɨ½ϵ
ڳôǰκǿ߶֮⣬һ֮Уַۼó洦һ͵ϣ֮ǣǧùʮ໯Ϊҽ
һ·ô󳱣ڿϵ۽£ַҲᱻޱ޼ʵĳô󳱿еʣ
ƾԼζУڳôǰԼӦÿԲʱ֮֡
·ɥʬ࣬ɥʬսĹУǵг̴ûǿɥʬޡ
⵱ȻãǲԶû̫ɥʬޣǽҰϵɥʬ޽ԽԽࡣ
ǿ˶ٵ
ϴҴﵽһʮ㣬û㶪ɣ
һʮ㡣
ַ˵ͷɥʬ࣬ͨɵĴɥʬڵˣ˺ܿ졣
Ȼ˵ɱԼСɥʬԼǿ󣬿԰ټƵɥʬڵ˱֮ǵҲڿǿ
ַ㣬Ѿﵽٵ㣬ٵֻҪһȭͿԽͨʬԴ򱬡

еʱѾ뿪ǺԶˣȥֻ»Ҫµʱſһ죬һ߰˵ҴСӡ
СУŮУЩеȻಢڡ
еŮȴĽΣȻĩй˰µǵƤȻ۵ĿԵγˮټģкþûŮˣƯŮ˵Ķ۷Ź⡣
ҴСٵĴ䲻ǱһٶͷɥʬΧסˣȻЩ˲֪߰˰ǹԶǼʮɥʬȻˡ
Щ֮УһŮǹ㲻ķӵԻдԼͷɥʬ֮⣬˶˷ӵ
ߣиСʮǹûи㶨ǰɥʬҲæ֮䣬һͷɥʬץ˸첲
Ҫ˵֣ʤĶҲ¶һı֮ɫڵĶֻҪһǹؿɻһͷɥʬ
֣ʤǹҲͻͽż£Ҳַһǹ
ָʴԼֻһңҴСȣǵǹѾˡ
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Ȼ󲿷˶ɥʬ߱޿УһҴǰСӵһ
ĩٵʱЩԭʶŮ໥Ҫʱߵһ𣬲Ĵһľҵǹ֧ĩл˰֮á
ǽ죬ǱһȺɥʬΧԼֵĻЩɥʬС
ϴǲǹȥæ
ĩҴСӣַῴһۡ
ʱʳѾѷߣѻǣ֪֪治֪ģҲһˣǸ˵˰㣬ϵװ
һ֮УкܶսǿڻɽӰһٵǿߣżµˣߵϮɱһȺ۵˶ǵʬ壬⡣
һĽѵַ뷨ǾЩزʶʩԮֵġ
ĶڴĿ֮ʱ̾һ˵Ҫ˷ʱ䣬һɵȺɥʬǻҪ·
ڱϾĩڣԻûĩôڰ˵Ķ֣ʤڵ֣ҪȺɥʬʲô£ȻˣǾͰЩһѰɡ
ϴǸˣҰˡ
ʵĶҲûôģǸҴС֮ɫŮַӧ
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ĶǹɱɥʬȺУﵽһٶʮ㣬һɥʬеǹÿһǹؿ̵һͷɥʬ
ǸҴСӵһһϲûϵ˻ǰεĶǹ˵ãʵĵ鷢
ҴС֮УӼߣŮǹЩΪڣҲ޷Ķǹǹͷӵ֮УԻһͷʬѾǺ˲ˡ
ŮĶעĿĶ޵ĵõ˼㡣
Ķģ֣ʤֱۣһҲǹһǹȫ
ЩҴСӵ˷֣֣ʤһǹԷŵһͷɥʬżһǹͷɥʬҲ˵ӵڴһɥʬԴְ֮ѵڶɥʬüĴ򱬣һǹıȻﵽ֮һ
ҴСӵһĿɿڴԼһ֧ˮ׼顣
һת֮䣬Ķ֣ʤŵ߰ʮͷɥʬǸҴСӵһĽѣԼһ죬Ҳﵽ֣ʱͲЩѿɥʬˡ
ַһüͷ˵ӲŸɵ˰ʮŸɥʬûԱѽǳԵ̫ˣȻٲԼպߵʸûˣǾ仰ﲻճҲҪ
ҴСӵ˲һѪҵ죬˸ɵʮͷɥʬ㻹⣬Լˡ
ַĶ֣ʤ֮ĹϵҲðȻ˵ȴΪĶ֣ʤһᷴ༥ǿܱ˳Ц졣
Ǻܿ˲˼һĻĶ˵ϴҴˣԺҼӽŬһĺȡ
֣ʤһ˵ٶôĶСֻ˿Ůɵġ
侮ʯѽĶ޵ֻҧݣҲ֪ԼɣǱ֣ʤ˲ҹȥܡ
ַȻˣŽдܡ
δ䣬ַѾͬһƮ뽩ʬȺУҿȭͷ֮£ܱߵļʮɥʬ׷ױԴ
˵һߵʱЩԴɥʬǵʬŻء
ҴСӵ˺ֹûиֿȭʮӣɵʮͷɥʬ


16  ɱ˰
ɱЩɥʬ֮Ķ֣ʤʼӸɥʬԴѰˣٶҴСֶӵ˸סˡ
Щ˲֪˵ܣǻΪĶҪЩɥʬԽأɥʬԽӶԣ֪⼸˻ħ
˻һ㣬ŮһĸģŮһ΢һ㣬̬ȴԶͬŮܶࡣ
ڼĶ֣ʤľٶ֮ȴһѸҹʳ˳ǰһĻ̫Ǹеˡ
컯֮£Խʬӣǲֲ̫ˡ
ӼߵŮȴ¶˼֮ɫ
ȻƯǻƿƾŹ˵ĴսɣųΪҴСӵ
Ķ֣ʤɥʬԴȡһ޵ĺɫʱȻһͷˮ
Щ˴ɥʬڳֺɫģСһĶ֪ʲôãôȻǵ⣬ֻǲ֪ЩСʲôá
ʱַһ𣺡ɥʬ֮ôǿ󣬾еˣֻҪȡеѸٱǿĩлĸһ㡣
ûǾһ㣬Զȥ
Σķĩٿ죬ҲܻΪǿĹ޶䣬ϾٶȣԶԶ޵ٶȡ
Ǿϵ۽ҪȻ˶Ŀܡ
ǵľĿǰ޷ɹںϻѱأǿںϣʧҲǰٷ֮١
㵽ĩڣǵľ㹻ǿˣҲδвѱҩ
һȻлѱż֮࣬Щżǿоϣ֮С
ĲĿǣЩлѱصϣ֮˾ǣӲǰֲϡȱҩۡ
һɱϼɥʬޣЩռ˶һݺң빺һѱء
һĺ滢ԼӵлѱصʵȴͨУԱϣ֮ǻߵļ۸ҩдơ
ҩ۲Ƹ滢ӴİĩڹȻϣ֮ǽа塣
ĺ滢ԼԶԶһΪһԿϵ۽ǿߣ֪ԼͻȻǿ᲻һԭиɳ
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кĿǰ綼úڰԼŮѣ¶˾֮ɫ
ĩŮΪЩҴ߽ˣһҵһЩǹ֧ǹıŻڡ
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ַ̾һк̫һȾʬ޷Σ˵ɱɣ
ַ˵ĿΪ䵭˴Ŀģ·екһˣǿʱһ
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෴Ķ֣ʤѾϰַĮַ˱һ΢ЦһֺõĶԱ˵ϲƣŻ˺°Ѿء
Ķ֣ʤҲ֪˭ֻҪȾʬ޿ɾҩֻɱŻʹ׽ѡ
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ĩУ̫ˣʧȥˣʧȥ˵ÿʱÿ̶зҴֻнһС
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ҴСӵˣӵиĵŮͷȥȻк빲ܶ죬ϾҪһͷɥʬɱΨһѡ
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кͻȻԹޣЦģȫӣҪȻӾһᡭ
кһƿŮѸٳǹĶǰȥ

ĶûüǹһԵ֣ʤѾȳ֣һǹкԴ
һǹ֮кһһͷ˵ڵأǱһǹԴо̫ʹ࣬Զʧȥʶ
Ҫ
Ů˺ѷεı֮ᣬҲ֪Ҳûа취飬ȥһĻĻӿŮͷ
ĩ֮Ů˶ɥʬ߱ɥʬԵֻʣΪѣѵչ֮£Ż˽졣
ʳȱĽ죬кȻ縺չŮΣԼţҲҪŮԱչԼôõȴǰǹͷ
Һǡ
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Ķôķϻ֣ʤһԳȻȥˣѵҪƯŮ𣿡
ַҪߣӵа˵ģĵŮһ˵λѣҽ磬ҴСӵĶӳ׻˵˶ǶҴСֶӵˣаɣһ·֮ҲиӦ
ڼʶַ˿ֲ֮統ϣַ˷룬ַǿ߼ԼСӣԺԼȥϣɱǿ˻ǰȻŹ


17  ˵ٻ
ѽ˶Ժһˡ
ӵʹףħĵŮԳϦһֿԳûռˣĶʱԼ˻
ʱ˽׺䶥һ仰
ҲҪûô˽顣
ֱӵһ仰û˿أֱӾܾ˶Է
仰ʱͨ죬ղŻĶҲ׹ߡ
ѿĲ뵽ԺҲû糯ϦദĻˣΪַ仰ڶͷһư
Ķʼ޷⣬ԼַĽ飬ǴӦԷ뼸ΪʲôôԼӣһڴ֮ͥ¾ܾ˶Է
ɺ޵ǸղԼȴӦ˶ԷҪַôڵڴԼ㻹ܲܽԼѿһЩ
ԴˣַҲûнʲô֮ԲԸҴСӼԼĶ飬Ҳǲòô
ĩڣʳﻹôϡȱԼЩ˽ﻹûʲôĩڣʱʳѾϡ٣һȭͷ⣬ҲһȺ˵ĺ
ԼЩ˽˵ĻŶӲﲻԼΪպ׸
ʳϡȱ£ЩҴСӵ˿ʼڲɱǿɱߣսܵ⣬ĩڣѾǺձ顣
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ֻǧҲȻԭΪַ㡣
ЩߣԼȥٶȣʹԼΪչǣԼٶȣձʱ̭
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ĩȱıŮǵһϣ֮ǵСﴦΪ˻ȥΪ˵õһСŮˡ
ЩƯŮǣеǽʦеǰ죬еǸٶеĸӰǣĩУС޷ԼɱޣֻжԳǿǳԼ壬ĿֻΪ˻һʳﲢȥ
ЩΪŮŮǣַжǲУҲġ
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ȻǰŮȻֻƿʽƾĴǣгɳΪǿսʿǱ
ַȻԸŶӳԱԽ࣬ΪŶ쵼ߵĸҲԽأЩ˼ԼŶӣԼҪΪιǵĶӶĴɱޣҪֹǵıѣ͵òʧ
Ҳַ㲻ԸЩ˵ԭڣڲĶ棬ַûе¡
Ķܺõѣ˵ԼôҲΪŶӵԺ󣬾ʱԼĿģԺҲὥһеġ
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Щں˵ÿ˶Դﵽ߰ʮһĩĸַҪЩ͸Էԭڡ
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ȻˣʵѧĻǾȥɣĩûԼҲ
ַһ˵ȫЩˣԶһɥʬֻҪϱϿԻһʱ䣬ľһĻȥͶϣ֮ǣܳڻȥ
ϣ֮ǣ
ĩ֮󣬲дľԱеɱ˴ɥʬޣ齨ҴϢϣ֮ǣûв´Ļ£ϣ֮ǱȽȫȥͶľӡ
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ĩΣķˣҲһԻߵǣŮ겻ģ䡣
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뿪֧ҴСӵʱĶϵĻͷĿȻŮ׳ز£Ϊǻϡ
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ַأʱҲһѪĶеƫ£ƫ»ܶòѧУж̸һŮѣھȻ˵ΥĵĻַ˱õڵء
ֻ·ϵһСȥҲˣһ·ϻ˺ܶ飬ڲӰԼнٶȵǰ£ַҲ˳־˺ܶˣȴûһ˼ǡ
Ķ֣ʤãڻĴһ£ȴûһͷǿıޡ
ǲ֪ǣַһľ飬ͨζϤıܿ˺ܶǿıޣһУȻȫΪá
ַ㻹뵽ڸղʱϵƯŮҴСӣ֪ûԼĺܹɹǡ
໡
Զһ޵ŭȻǰǿıޣͬʱǻһŭȻǰս
ϴƹȥɣ
ַôãĶҲѧῪʼˣûаյ£ǱܿЩΪ
ȻЩ죬ַﵽٵ㣬Ķ֣ʤҲﵽһٰʮ㣬ͼı޶ǵĶ֣ȻûбҪЩ·ı޽ϣȥϣ֮ǲǵĿġ
ڽˣһڱܿˡ
ĹַҲܿǰĹޣǰս࣬ЩҲˡ
ַΪԼǸԼϵˣ˵ԼҲûо˵
Զ˻ַжϳǰı޼ǿֻ´ﵽİٵ
Ѿĩ£ٵı޵ǣİٵı޻Ǽϡ١
ǰƫƫһͷĹޣӹ޵ŭпԵóһжϣǾͷ޲
ʵĹޣַֺ󷢶ɶûκôӲӲͷ޴һܵĻԼҲδɱͷޣԼϵ۽ۡ
ϵ۽ıֶΣֻҪϵ۽ڶʮСʱ֮ڣϵ۽ڶʮСʱ֮ڱ޷ڶΣԺİٵҵĹޣԼֻˣĶ֣ʤҲΪ
˽ַԸĶŻд飬ַȴҡҡͷ˵ǹȥ
Ķ֣ʤͬʱ¶֮ɫҲжϳ˶ԷĹ޼ǿ󣬰չַֻܿĹޡ
һΣȴѡӭͷϣⲻַһԸҲΪ˴󲻽⣬ַֲò˭ַǵϴء
Ϊʲôľַ޷˵ڤڤȴиǿҵٻȥͻȻӿǿʹòȥǰ
һȥǼ׻˵


18  
ַ첽Ź˻еķȥһǸŭоضڹ޵ŭ΢΢·𸽽ڷ΢ĵ
ĶɫѿȻҲɱͷޣǿıޣҲᳬٵ㡣
Ӵ𶯵ļֻ¸ͷ޵Ҳİٵ֮ϡ
İٵıޣԼһܵס
֣ʤҲ¶֮ɫжĶ֮ϣǰļǰĹֻǿǰϵбޡ
뱱ѾܽˣһҲǻƵ˵óǿĸŶԣǲ֪ΪʲôǿĹޣĹޣԼָôӦִַȥ֣ʤҲ˼ԡ
һƬĹ֮ʱһԼʮ׵Ȼһǿ׳޸ͷȻȻš
ջ
ָһ¶𾪵ı
ջĩڣʮǿĹ֮һѾĩ£ͷջŴﵽٵ㡣
ЦԼǰΪĹֻİٵ㣬ٵĽջԼֻпϵ۽лɱԷϣ
Լϵ۽Ϣһй¶ȥͻԼѱأԼսǱҲᱻϣ֮ѹȥ
һ滢һȺǿΧ䣬ϵսǱҲӴ˲֪٣пƵĻѱȴ֮֡
Щǿ֮ԸΧ滢Ȼ֧йأ滢Ǳƶġ
Լϵ۽й¶ȥе֮ͻ뵽ԼһһֿѸҩſԱǿǶԼѱء
ԼĻΪУԸ滢һо˰ɱԼ
ԼսǱѱصĻԼɵñ
ʱַЩŸͷĴ֮ʱ͵һ¶˼ı
Ķ֣ʤҲһ֮棬ΪʶǸ󺺣Ǳַ𾪵ģסˡ
һΣַϾĩһ¶𾪵ı顣
ĩٺַǵӡǳ򶨣̩ɽǰҲԶǸ״򲻶ģʲôܽ𺳳ء
ֻһǰͷ޲ʹָ𾪣Ȼͷ㹻ֲǶû¶µıοǿַء
ַϸۣȷԼûпȻһ޷ǵˣһˣԼĩڡ
ĩڣˣԼҲᱻ٣ǳսһ졣
죬ĩڣɽӰǰʮĳսʿ֮һ
ʮ󳬼սʿ֮Уμսǿ֮һΨһһȫǿĹ޾սھͷΧ֮µȫ򶥼ǿߡ
һͷַҲǰȣԵ۵࣬⵱ȻûоһôȷѪйء
һԼڳԹʳ֮󣬱Ȼ򱱾ǣʱԼһ·Ͽ˵СĽ˱Ǹ
ʱҲһԼʮͷʬΧ·£𾪴˱ǡ
һļ䣬һӦòû˿ֲĹޣһΪʲô˴Ĳͬء
һһСżõѿԱСľ޸ѧһ׼Ϊĸ׸ɽնǿ֣׷ɱ
ʱֻٵֻʹͷһ㣬ɱͷջ
ջѾﵽٵ㣬ȣϾ˶ٵ㣬ѷľ޸ҲֻڽջĹ֮²ˡ
ĺ󱳣ȸϣǱջצ˺üӣĴѪѾᣬɫѪ·һ𣬿ЩĿġ
ϴͷ޲ǶԸ˵ģǸϽȥɣ
֣ʤȻû˵¶˼ȴҲ˼ѪҲǼȣҪҲҪһԼʵС
ǰͷջٵ֮࣬Ŀǰ·ֲĹ֮һڱǣסˣҪȻԼˡ
ǿĹǰַǰæҲδͷ޵Ķ֣˵󻹻ԼСȥ
˵ԼǸ־޴ͷزʶûҪΪ˾ԼСҲȥɡ
ţջǿ½඼⣬˵һߣʲôΣյĻǸϽ뿪
ַ֮ԲĶ֣ʤǰҪΪǲٵǰҲӲʲôã˵ǵսһٵĹ޶Խ
ԼȴͨؼԼѾﵽٵ㣬ȫʹڶؽˡ
ԼؽĿ񸫣ͷջһսġ
Լϵ۽ĳĿǰǲΪϾ뱱ѾԶˣһԼϵ۽֮˿ضᱻϣ֮ľ֪ʱԼҪԱǾľ޴ѹ
ȻԼԿϵ۽ԼͻȻ屶ļʮȣǷӲ̫ңǰ£Լסˡ
ϴôܲأ
ٷϻӣֻҪǰͷջһצӾͿ԰ĳ࣬Ļ͸ҶԶ㡣
Ķ֣ʤĬȻַ⻰˵ļȴΪǺá
һ̣ǵȴ˺ˡ
ĩԼǱӻΣٵʱԼȴﲻһæԼ˷ǶԲַЩӵࡣ
ջսѾӼңеľ޸ջҲұ̫ʮûʰ죬ѡ
ջһһצ죬޸һ㳯ջצӿȥ
ȻջצҪ׳ʮ±޸УҲܵʲôʵԵ˺Ȼɵıܿ
ͬʱջβ͵س죬ٶ̫죬Ѿܡ
ȻΪ࣬ʼΪǿ󣬵ջβɨеĻ岻ϳأҲᱻϼ߹ǡ
ջβ֮һֻצһ֮УַûڽջβϳԿ֪ջβϵķǿ
ҲΪ߼Ϊβ͵ԣȻҪβϵķҲǱȻ飬ֻҪҳлʤϣ
ַһָܳϵͻȻһѷĳ˽ջβ·ϡ
һ̣쿴˲˼һĻַеıȻѽջ׶֣ԼɵβϢж
໡
ջҽС۾ѾѪɫ
ĩֻ࣬ûһܹ˵죬ȴʧȥһβͣûֻβͣӵʧȥһβŭ
ɵ࣬Ҳ㣬ĲΪ
ַȻ벻ͷջ֮죬ȻԿԡ
һԵ쳯ַЦЦƺڸлͻȻܹ
ַһ֣ͿַֻٵȻ˵ٵ㣬ȽջҪһ㣬鲢һһڶô򵥡
ֻ֣Ȼκβͷջ˵ջС
λֵܣлæͷջѶԸǾҲһùֵһ㻹ǸϽȥɣ
ַһж컹һһǸϲΪ˿ǵϺˣ̫ϺˣҲֱ̫սС
ٷϻ˴򲻹ѵһ˾ʹù˵
ַĻƺԼһٵСϣҲš
ͷջһͷŭɱңΣҿôˡ


19  ջ
δ䣬ջ޴צ£ַȥ
ֻջ˵첻Ǹƶʳַնβͣʹжַĺ⼸졣
Ҫѡֻ֮ɱһ˵ĻǸһַ죬˽ջŷŭַ㡣
ȻСնԼһβͣԼСֲһаɡ
ַ޿ɱܣǸ߸߾еıʱһڣջľצ·һɽѹ£ַзıûаͣ٣ȫջצС
ڽջ̫ӴȻצӱַıȫ룬ȴ޷̴ջľצ
ˣͷջ൱һһ΢
ٵѹͭҲᱻĵĲģûпϵ۽֮ǰַ㣬˾޴צУֻͱĳһࡣ
ں˻ѱ֮˼ĸƣڲϵ۽£ҲѾüΪ͡
⵱Ȼַܽ˻ѱйأڿϵ۽֮󣬱屶Ҳһǧٵ
ȻǰһĻܲôǿı仯
һʿԾһ壬ھĹУһСĽĶ䵽Լϣֻͨ˵ʣȴԼͷһѹࡣ
ַ㿪ϵ۽֮ǿֻԼȻǰһΪܲ˾޴ı
ʱں˻ѱصĳսʿ㲻һ񻰣һЦʵȻ
ַȻûпϵ۽ȴԶٵǿҪǿϺܶ࣬ѹ֮£ֱַӱ˼ӲʯУȴû̫ܵ˺
ԱߵĶ֣ʤ״ʧɫһµսУѾϵļΪĬַ⣬ɫ䡣
ַһֱԼϵ۽һ£ַжǿĶ֣ʤȻǺ֪飬ǻΪַһ±ջľצĳء
ϴ󡭡
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Ķڼ˷ŭЩŤΣĶᶨŭƴˡ
Ķٵ㣬ַ㶼ջһĽʯУҪ˵Ķ֣ʤˡ
ڼ˷ŭ֮£ĶȫԼԶԶջҲַղŽǧҪǰѡԥ˽ջ
ɱͷջҲҪ˺һѻëҲΪȥַ
˵ûַ㣬ĩһԼͻ˼ϡ
ԼַĿ֮£ĩжһ£ĩڵ࣬ԼҲ׬ˣַ㲻ˣԼӲдĸʲôĶźԥ˽ջ
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ȴҲδǾ˱ջͬھȴû뵽ջ̫Ӵ
ַһȻȫ˽ջצУȴûжʵԵ˺෴ַ㷴ͷջĳ࣬ôᷢչһأ
ڽջַһ̣ȫԳûַΪ˾ϽջģԼôô뿪ء
ͬһӵܵ˽ջС£һͷն˽ջСϡ
ȻջΪǿʷҲǿСȴзĵطβϵķҪϺܶࡣ
£ջСȫᱩ¶κ˵Ĺ֮£ղַһצӣ̽צӵһ˲䣬С¶˿յ
Ҳջַ̫㣬צӽַʯеʱ򣬲ûצӣӲצӲͣʯ
ͬʱջа࣬ɵ࣬Ȼûүעʱ򣬸һүβͣҽҪ࣬࣬࣬࡭
ʱľ޸ѾСϣջС·һƲ㱻ѣѪˮ볦ӿͷȳѪˮ
໡
ջ쳤Хʮ
Ҳ·ҪȸղǸҪɣղ˲ǸԼβͣãֱӻԼСǾ׺ݵĹ֮£Ȼһ΢Ц
ǽջЦ滢зŭɺޣɺޣЩɺ޵࣬үһҲܷŹǡ
Ȼջĸܵش޵ǿȻɥʬȴĩǰĶǿ˼ʮ
˵ĸֻһصĳӣȫҲȥԪȴǱⲻ˵ˡ
ջ̧ȣ͵صǰأһ֣Щ⣬һʧ֮ʣؿڰ˽ջһػ
ţ嵹ɳ˼ʮɣصˤ˵ϣؿҲһƬȻؿڵĹͷ඼ܵش
ʱĶѾ˽ջǰŷĶջһıģĶٵ㣬ȻԼа塣
Ҫ˵ﵽٵַ죬һԼĳ࣬һԼ߳ˣСȻԼ˹ǵˣȷ˼
սջǰľ飬ϵ࣬Լ޲ǱӴܣе౻ԼƵ˾ŲòԼƴ
Լȴûйȥǰ࣬ȴ˷ƵԼȫԼֻжٵĪǣĪ˱˵񾭲
ջ˴࣬ϸںϵͬʱҲ˽Ĺɽṹһ˵
ǰ࣬Ȼղˣȴһɥʬǿˣ˽ջ
Ķëģı⣬Լо񲡵࣬ҪȾϾ񲡲źá
ſ񱼶Ķջһֻצֻ̽һɨһɾĶϣĶ·еһƬҶһ㣬ɿĵ˳ȥ
ʱٶȿ죬ɵٶȸǳٶȣǣĶһƬʮ׸ߵʯˤȥˤʯϣǱˤһӲɡ
֣ʤ״󾪣ĶȻ²࣬һôˣ֮䴦ĻЩ飬ӵɳʯײȥԼȻܿˤ
ûκԥ֣ʤһݣĶɵȥ˫֣ڰбסĶ塣
Ķٶʵ̫ǿȻ֣ʤҲշ
֣ʤ֮£Ķеٶȴ󽵵ͣûˤʯϣڵϣ˼ʮףǱĵ˵ϡ
ջצӵľһɨ֣ʤĶһײ˲ˣ˻ûб³һѪ
ջצµַ㣬ȻһУжϣҲѾ֪淢ʲô
ʱ˿̣Լٲ֣ѱĶ֣ʤҲ
Լʲôַ㲻ԥ̿ϵ۽
Ȼ䣬ַϵѸٵ㣬ٵ㣬һǧ㣬մﵽһǧٵ㡣
ַʱ岻ڵµĻջһῴַ״ħģ
ҰĵϢַɢ䣬ַ·һͷʷǰޡ
ϹϿֲϢ·Խǧ꣬ԽԪͻȻٵ˼䣬ͼոһ


20  Դ
ղŻɽĽջ建һ뿪˵档
ô£Ķ֣ʤȥǵѪĿɿڴǰŹֵһĻ
ãͻȻ֣ջ˶һˣǸ˫ָ߸̧𣬽ʮصĽջ
ڽջ̫Ӵ󣬶ջȣַԵʮСԶԶȥһֻϾһͷκ˼һĻᱻǰĹྪȫʯ
˶ΪԼۻˣܰɣͷջٵ߼ʮףظǴﵽ˼ʮ֡
˿ַ̣Ȼӵ˳˫ץŽջ޴צϵצǧĽջ
⸱ţͣΪ硣
Ķ֣ʤȻǻôһ£ҲַΪʲôǿ󣬵ַ㻹ţѾ㹻ˡ
Ҳе𾪣ջζôãȻ֪ջжôĿֲַ˽ջҲ𾪡
ڣַȴֻƾԼӲǽ⼸ʮеĽջҪôӴ
ǽ࣬άʱո٣һʱϾжٵһɥʬһ֣ҲԴһƬͨɥʬ
˸ߵ㣬ڽ֮УҲһĴڣǵڶ¸ոտʼãﵽٶ㣬ÿ컹ڲǿ
صĽȣҲЩ˲١
ַֻƾ˼ʮֵĽջ찵Լһ㣬ԼϵڷϼҲ޷
ǰ˵һǧ㣬ǧ㣬ҪȻô˿ֲ
ĩУδͷջ֮ǰһֱɱ񣬷ɱʱΪԼǿսʿȣҲ˶١
ַһȣ֪Լԭֻľ֮ܣַǰԼȽϵʸûС
ǰֲ̫Լ̫С
һַ̣һջСɽһշ˼֮ߣصˤ˵ϡ
ضҵĲ·ĵ
Χʮ޶о˵𶯣ȴ벻ƾԼʮصĽջ߸˳ȥ
ջصǿ𶯵ನǽˮǽȫ𵹡
ջµʯ·мһɻ״ȥС
ջҪܣȴԼϵĹͷ֪˼ٿţڵĹǼѾ޷֧վ
ȻջĿǰңַȴŹһԾַĵ˽ջͷ­ϣջŵøεࡣ
ףôǿࡣ
Ȼ԰𣬲ԶԶ˳ȥֻѾﵽ˺üǧ㣬ԼٵȻ࿹⡣
ɥʬϣһͷɥʬֻ˹˺ҧ࣬±ɱˣҲ֪ʲôʲôп־塣
ӵвȥǻۣ˴֮Ѿ֪ʲôп־壬Ҳ֪ʲôкš
ɱңԸ⳼㡣
ַЦһջȻͣȻ֪֮ĳȴŹͷջ
ͷջĳԼҲǿ־ԼľԼĳάӵʱ򣬱Լ
Լ˵˻պҲԼĳôһ£˵⽫й¶ȥԼվ
ΪԼİȫǴӱܵĽǶ˵ԼӦ÷Źͷջֻֻջӵôߵǡ
ַû˵˫ڽջͷƤëһ˺ǹڶ޷Ƥë˺һ޴Ŀӡ
Ѫַȫջڳʹ֮£ʹİ
ֱַһУһ˽ջԿ֮С
ַڿϵ۽£ʱȸҪӲٶȸǿһӵ͵һײײƽջԿǣ˽ȥ
ϴôɼˣӰ𣿡
֣ʤȻ˵ȴҲѾ𾪵ĲС
ײеģûôײеģӷ˻꣬ɱ˵֮мֻ¿ֲƬҲûѪȵľͷɡ
ɫƽȴôƽΪ࣬һԼǽ죬ȴһǿˣǿĲһ㣬ܽ𾪡
ջʹķţͻȻĺһը
ַӽջĴԾһƻС޺ӽջѵĺ˳
ջǰһˣٴһжƽַֻѪվؼ䣬ͬһŰӡ
޵Ѫˮַ½ϣͷϻ䣬һ΢ž
˵ĶȴͻȻ˵ղŵĽջȻǿֲʱַȣȴȶܱȡ
ַ˺ջƤëջڵѪֶΣֱڶļ£ַΪʲôͻȻôǿϾжܣĶʸףֲ֪ôʡ
ͻȻ䣬ַ¶εƣ֮ɫϵĿֲϢҲʧӰ١
ַ֪ԼĳѾӣϵ۽Ҳ漴رˡ
ָ裬ͷ˵ѣҽ죬ллĻѾˡ
ҽַ㣬ղŵûʲôȼѣҵĻҲôġ
ַ˵еĿ϶һͷˮĩе˶ʮ˽ȴ˽Լһô֪Σ֮Լء
ȴûм׷ʣ׷ʵĻԼЩɵˡ
ַ㿴ղŽջԴڵˣִͳ޸裬ݸĶ֣ʤ
޸սǱеǱ֣Ǹʷǰżһֺܱҩ
Ķ֣ʤôصˣʱ֮ڸ޷ߣֻҪҩ裬ʱ֮ڱѸκ˵塣
ַ޸ݸʱҩ裬˼ˣҩһĳʷǰżǽ࣬ȴ˿ڽ࣬ղڵһǿ˺ö౶Ҳʹżеҩɡ
֪֮ЩΪԼҲһС͵żռ䣬ŵõ׿츫Ҳ֪ʷǰżܣŻ˵Ʋ⡣
Ҳϣִȥ
΢΢һȻ˵ȴǳĴҪȻҲΪĩʮ󳬼սʿ֮һľǿߡ
Ҳַ֪õżֿԽߺܶ౶ҩϢһй¶ȥ˱ȻɴΪ鷳
ַ뱣ܵĻֻɱԼֻɱ֪߲סܣ飬ĩжȥˣѵҪɱԼ
Ȼй¶ȥŲҵĻԽһɱˣҵȵãҾ־ǡ
ַڰ˵ҾֵƷ˵˵ȥȻ˵ȥ
Ŀַһۣ׶ԷΪʲôôԼô˵Ҳ˵ͨ
ַȴ֪ԭ򣬽죬Ϊ˻һԼǷ飬֮⣬˵ĻҲ˿ɡ
һ֮УĺӣֱĩʱҲûһʳԶʷɵ顣
ַģãӲƷһҲԼ
ĶЩ˵ϴ󣬸ղջڣջԴ򱬵һ̫ˣҿֲƬеЩ޶ûô
ĶüЦüȴļɵȻԼѪȵֶβΪȻ
ַֻЦЦ˵ֻҪŬܿҲһġ
ԼղջڣĽ඼ЩܲˣΪԼֶ̫ѪȣĶǰʾԼȿֲƬеĹ޻ֲ
ĩȷѪ꣬ջҲ㲻˶бֶΣ˵ԼȿֲƬеĹ޻ֲַҲϡ
ֲƬģԼջУԴʵʵս顣
ʵȻȿֲƬֲĩڣ޵Ͷʮ־޴ԼջڻжԷĩ顣
£ĶҲã֣ʤҲã춼ЩܲˣⲻʴȣǻûӦĩĲпԡ


21  ݺ
ĩУɱԷҪģʲôֶΡ
۶Էˣɥʬ߱ֻҪԷȴвԼȫ飬ǾͺԥĻɱ
ַУԼջڣԴ򱬣һøͷջûκβͬ
յĿ޷ɱԷѵñɱͱԼԷڣ򱬶ԷԴҪʴ
ַ֮룬ΪȷѪĩʮ֮õˣʮΰļ䣬ٿֲҲ޷񾭡
һڽŹʵ죬Ҳһµĩ飬ԼȻǵĳͬԼᣬܶ¶һĹ̡
ͷӴĽջַװս֮С
ϾɥʬﲻͬʳԶЩнʵʳҪζĶࡣ
ͷջĿͷô㹻ԼԼߵ˳Ժܳһʱ䡣
ʳﻹȱĽ죬Ҳ˻ʳҪԣĩڣһͷʬ壬˵ᡣ
ַĻѹס˵뷨¶Ծϵ۽ܣûа취飬ɲԼЯֿɴСżռҲй¶ȥ
ǲߵˣ£֪ԽԽá
ֿɴСżռ伫ϡ٣սǱ˴۵ռ䣬ֿЯȫΧڿ˵޽С
һ£һصżռ䣬ܹżֵƷѾǺ˲ˣԼƿصżȴװǧֵƷ˵ʵһƶֿ⡣
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˵սǱżǸȻѱҩҪĴڡ
ѱںܶʷǰżждڣĩڣЩлѱصżֻҪ㹻Ĳκ˶ҩ
սǱӴ۵ռıżȫǽһңǿսǱӴĴؿռ䣬ѡżż
ˣַֻзͷջװսǱĴ㡣
ѯַȥ
ַԼڱǵû˵ԼҪȥϣ֮ѰԼˡ
ַôһ˵΢΢һЦԸµҪַ·
ַ΢΢һ漴ԭί
һ뱱ϣ֮ǹϵУȻʽľԱǿ󣬱ܾӵʱ޷ɵ񣬱ίȥ
챾һΪˣȻĩĹˣϣ֮Ϊľǿİٷ֯ںܶ£ȴְܡ
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սʿȻ໥֮䲢ȴ໥ã΢˵Ĺϵγˡ
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죬һɽӰǰʮĳսʿϣ֮Ҳ͸Ӽңܶϣ֮Ϊһǿ򣬿˵ѾѪ
ֻҪ˿ϵͷǾͿȥȫκһϣ֮Ǿסõϸĵչˡ
ֻҪϲŮˣɿڵʳӦожʲôǵͷͿΪ޴档
ĩ֮пᣬֻǶײ˶ԡ
Ȼһ컹ûһԺյλһܴܲﵽһĻԻͻ˵
ȻҪȥͷջֲܷԼսǱ֮УʹӵǾ̫ϧˣϾڣɱһͷĹ޺ܲףԼܲܿͷջȥϣ֮ǰɡ
Լϵ۽ѾرգҲûͷջߡ
ַĿգ쵹ûе£ַ㹵ͨһ֮󣬱㷢ټˡ
Сʱ֮һ˵սһ𾴵ĳ쾴ȻЩǰʶ졣
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ͷջжǿȻ֪ӴĹޣһˣֻһٵ֮ɣ֪ôɱġ
ӳѯʵʱ찴ַ˵ͷջֻһͷﵽٵĹޣָΪʲôҪô˵Ҳ֪
һ£ʵʵ˵˵ͷջٵڣַ˵Ҳٵ㣬˵Ŀǰ޷ɱĹޡ
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˶Բ²ƾַ޷ɱٵĹޣҲǷͰϸ˵鵽ַ㿪ϵ۽һ¡
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ַѾջԴжϣҲ鲻ͷջǶ١
ӳ֪ͷջٵʱõɴ۾
ǰջӴ󣬻Ϊһٵǿޣ˿̲֪ԼȻ͹ͷ޵
ԭͷ޵Ѿﵽٵ㣬Ŀǰսʿɱǿޣֲϣܾ֮ҪԱƳ磬ԭֶΣԻɱǿĹޡ
Ȼַ˰æܹɱͷٵĽջǼΪ˲ġ
ַ΢ЦԼУѾͷջ˵˶ٵ㣬ȻСӵĶӳȻų
ղʵʵ˵ĻֻСӳҲԼ˵ģΪԼڴţ
ãҪȻԼ鷳ˣǸСӳϹϾַǰֱͦ壬һ׼ľ˵ãͷֻɱģϣ֮ǵĹ涨õͷջٷ֮ʮ⣬òЯĻҲ۳ݺЯ
ַ˵ͷһУϣ֮ǶĹ涨ɱ޵ð÷˿Եõްٷ֮ʮĲƸ
ʣµİٷ֮ʮ򽻸ϾҪάһ֧ӴľӣҪԱ֤ʳ﹩Ӧ˲ҪսʿɱĹϳٷ֮ʮϽĺڲ
ַͷ˵ǾۺϳݺҸǰɡ
ӴĽջԼҪ˽ҲܲףһݺңȴڱڿͨĻҹκҪĶ
ĩڣɱϣ֮ǷеݺҸƹ㵽ȫϣ֮У㷺ʹá
ٱһֱַԵõݺҵ
ַ˵ͷڶһݺҵĹУٸԼٷ֮һҲԼ׳ɵ顣
Ҫ⣬ҪַһݺңȻҪȡһֵˡ
ûѵͣ飬ַҲ޷ܡ
ÿ˶Ҫ棬ԼԣҲҪһȡ
չֵֶݺҵ鶼Уͷջʼǿ۸ȻˮǴߣټӴ󣬶һݺҵҲһ֣ĿǰҲòַֻԼ͹ȥ
ַ˵ͷоӵĹ涨ĵӣҲ˽ԼӦõǲݺңοϵеһأ
һУɵ˵֣֣֣ǽѵʶһȥһΣ
ַԼʱһüͷ
ղҲ˵ַиڱӿڵϣ֮ļλĹϵ죬һӵϢɣ


22  ǼƵ
ַ㱾ܾ뵽йϵԥһ£ԼǿͨѰ
ĩıѾڹȥһܶཨﱻݻ٣ټ粻ͨƾԼһ˵ȷãã˺̵һˡ
˵ԼĿҵҲ֪ᵽ£˿ϰԼˣҵӦòʲô¡
ԾϵƣҪãã˺һҲǶѵ飬ַͬ顣
ȻʵǿһĽ࣬ȴǶôԽӽҪȻҲһ˳־Լˡ
ַַȻҲԵüΪ顣
ַһУâĴаԸ̾һ˵ӰԼһһԼ
˵Įַ̬ҲǺܲһ㣬ű˲עʱ̣֣ʤȻַ˵ǰʶ˰ɣ
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㿴뿴˺ܲһҽôΣգȻܲȥˣⲻһѪ硣
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ڵıǵȥ֮һһҪھָӲҲǽˮ¥̨ȵ¡
ĩԺ󣬵ɥʬУɥʬȻܴ󣬵ȴΪǿټϱصɥʬ࣬˴ʧ
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ÿɨһƬ򣬱ǽȦϣ֮С
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ȻҲʶ죬Ϊ͵ǿ֮һʶҲȥˣģȻ˵ԭ밴涨Ƿѡ
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ЩַһҲ֪Ȼڱסķüߣܶ⽻ɲַö䵽⣬޳ԵȻЩĹ涨
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ڳס࣬˾֮⣬ÿ춼ҪɴľסѣкܴһַãΪ֧ӡ
һжǻ˼Ĵ۽ģȻѣֻҪɲ߰ǷѣϾͻᱻʿϣ֮ǡ
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㲻ܣǺã뿪ҰԼһϣ֮ǡ
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ַһ·ϣ˴ɥʬڵˣս֮л䶳˼ͷޣЩԶһݺҲΪ֧Ƿѵķá
ԼɱͷջһݺҵĻһӴ֣㹻ַһڳסܳʱԺȲ
漴ַһʱԼˣ֧һķãΪһ֮ףȻҲ᲻ý˵Ƿѽȥ
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ĹԱǴ󶼹ܳԹס䷢ȻϻǮ
ַ㿴һ£ıУûǹǹһȱȻĩڣһȱɱһɥʬޣȥϣҲӡ
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ַһҲڱǾסһʱ䣬κڱҲ֪һ㣬ȻڱԺסеķùףΪЩ»Сһ
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ϣΪַ㰲һӷᣬصѡĩǰһǼƵС
ȻǼƵȫھĸ֮£ȻһģĴƵꡣ
ƵдԸֱ޵ˣ⣬ĲҲżݳһѻǿԵġ
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һˣɱһɥʬõˣҲһٷַҡڵĽ˾Ƶ꣬Ľ۾Щʵķ
ѽǸôСôֲȥݻĵطѡ
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Χ۵˷׷׵ͷǺģȻһҴδǰŹޡ
ǰ⼸ˣôдµˣǱ֮ĺģҸ·ɡ
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ֻһǾǽľҪԱϣ˿ԼѰ䡣


23  Ů
һİ֮һüƯ۵ŮŲ˵ǰŮϥ£һѱֱȲϰڶĶֱˮ
֣ʤһĿбӵģƺ˿ûע⵽ǰŮǲǺƯַͷǰŮҲкܶп
Ůòĩǰһǧ谮һк׷ڣȴֻƵһͨķԱһõ΢룬һġ
ǣʳȱʱ̣ҲЩ˺һ󣬾Щδ̰ԼԲ£Ҳȥʩˡ
Ķڷϵͳһǿ󣬵ľʢЩͷĩһһŮֶû
ôƯŮ°ܵҪһԴϷĿ˵ŮҸǰ
ĩǰ˸ҶŮô˵ֻŮʹĶåһһ֮ˡ
ڶĶȴ˿ıԹ
ƵѵĶǾǿߣԼһֻҪҵƵ꾭ȥҲᱻƵˡ
Ů֪ܹҽƵԱѾײ˴ˡ
ûѹȻõ΢뻹ЩԲȴڶֻҪԼһ󣬱ᱻƵ꿪
иŮڵλãԺĻֻȥĻֹһŮˡ
ĩУʱ
ˣûʸ񡣡
ʸһҲҪʸĶ޷ЩǱַЯĻߵ˱ǣ³ֻҲҪŮҪҡ
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ŮŵһϹ˵ˣһһǧݺҡ
Ÿһǧݺңô١һǧݺһһ䷽ģĻһС鶼򲻵Ƶϰ̫ˣȻ̰ôƯŮһҪ
ܺá
ЩԲʳˣŮڵȷܺãϰֹ࣬ȵŮһԼ壬ʡԼõĻǿȥ
Ů֪жĽԼĹء
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Ķ˦һݺңݵŮСϡ
ַɱͷջشԼʮ֣ƳʳĻ㹻ǧ˳һµģ˲Ż˴ݺҡ
ղžѾݺҽϣ쿴һ£жݺңһΪԼ棬ҲССһ¡
ͷջַɱģЩݺȫַ㣬Ȼûַ㲻Ҫƽֻ֣ʮݺҡ
ַ㿴ҲûͰʣµݺҽĶ֣ʤַ㲻Ҫʲôߣ㹺ʲôҲĶ֣ʤȥɡ
Ůһָݺңһݺңҵ죬ԼھƵһѽֽӹЩǮЩɵ˵ˣЩǮ͸𣿡
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ĿĶһۣҲû˵ʲôһ˵ˣĶͬǣȵŮٶС
ĶȴֻŮ󷽣ĶȻԻ˵С
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쿴һΪҸԵŮʵײͶǮ
ײͣЩ˾ȻҪѾƵײͣŮֱˡ
ײͱ׼ֻо˾Ҫ˵ʱ򣬲ŻżȻһ£ϣ֮ĽҲûײ͵Ĳ
ʶ죬ȴǿҵסˣǾʲôˣȻвѾƵײͣĶִܹ͸Լһݺң֪Щ˾ͨˡ
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λˣվƵĹ涨ԷҪȸϲˡ
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ھһϵеĽѵ֮оƵ궼Ƚϲˣ³ĽˣҲҪòǮ˭Բ뿪
ȻЩƵôҲеģҲ£Ȼϣ֮￪Ƶ꣬ȻЩ̨԰ͣЩƵǾ˿ġ
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ԷһˣΣַϳ֮Уųһʦ
ĩľĩǰ˺ܴĲͬһ£һΪһСӣÿС֮бһӳСӵıųĹԱԹһǧˡ
һʦţԼǧˣĩǰšӪһľѾȫȡһʦҲ൱ĩǰһš
ǸʦŴɤ˵˵ף˵ҰɱһͷʮصĽջջǴﵽٵ㣬һСӵȫ޷ɱһͷջֵܻƣֵôһƸ֮󻹲ͣǲ̫ˣǻûüʣ㷢Ȼ˼
漴ͣ˵ͷջַһɱģǽַĶ˸Ǽʶ
ǼȻΪַ̧ݣȻܿ⼸ˣǼҲַ㼸˴һк
ų֮УһȽ˹һ򴩵ãһۣûһٵϡ
ַʱõľֻĺһȻûаַ˷ҲΪַЯֻɱջ


24  ܺԼ
Ķ֣ʤ˼Ǹų񣬲аŭַȻһ̬Ҳ˵ʲô
ųӣַҲûзϡ
һĩʮ֮ãͶ飬ǰǸųĩǰҲֻǸɱģֵصģǸ۵ؤȻûʲôʡ
ĩʵһֻҪԸʵԳ˵ĻͿھӪﲽ֮ĩǰųʦһĸ߹٣ĩ̫󷴶һͨʿ
ֻʵĽ죬ǰ˵֮ųλãΪ㹻ǿ˵ַزʶȻΪַ㡣
ǰݼ䱰΢ԲŻĳȫ˸飬ò
ˣĩжȥˣַҲһʶ
һ仰㱻һҧˣ㻹Ҫҧɡ
һ߳Էһ̸漴˵ַиڱǣϣܹҡ
ʦ򵥵һ£ûиϣַԼһƬ˹ȥ
ʦӹƬ֮ϸĿ˿ƬǸ۾󣬻͸崿֮ʹСŮ
ŮҴûмӦûڳ˵ǸҲֻǰڱĩԺ󣬱ǵĵ̱СƬûбӣֻһͨСŮֻºѻڡ
ַЩ䣬벻Լ˱ǣȴõôһϣ֮Ļֻİȫò֤ᷢ⡣
ԼıǿջҲԼӣԼŻʲô塣
ӵųӹƬ󲻻һЦ˵Ļ治ڻֹЩõҪƯˡ
ַͬʱɫ䣬ų˵ַʲôԼ൱ûٶ˵Ļַ㻹ܲˡ
ַŭģһѣ˵֣ǰǸؤȻʲôòǲҪˡ
ųҷȰһ仰ҳԣȴ˵
ַûĻֱŭųһвζ⻰˵Χ¶ȶ˺üȡ
Ķ֣ʤÿĿ⿴صų񿴸ˣĩǻǵһμַ㷢ŭɵųֻҪˡ
ųַвһŭݣϣ֮ųǰλʦţԼľʦıӻȻַвϡ
ΪַֻǸͨˣǾ͸ųа壬δЩԲǿӣֻͶָˡ
ųվƵĿ˵ҾԸ뻶ֹȵõᲢۣôˣ㲻
࣬׵ųַ¶ζı飬ֱһܻ֮󣬾ЩȥʱŻ¶Ĳ̱顣
ַмֳĿ£ų֪ô£ͻȻǿҵĳ鶯һ¡
ȥһͷǿĹޣ±˺ҧ˿ڵʱҲ鴤
ǰͲӢ縡ȴҲѹѵ˵Ȼ˿ֲ
˲֪֮ʣַ·⴫ң𣿡
ַĿǲмӣͷ·һ߹ĵڶһؤ˵ȻǰǰȷؤԵıȴܲˡ
ųͻȻŭȻַǿƸܴѹȻиղŵȷ֮⣬ַȴŭˡ
Ϊĩǰһؤ˳áһЩĵһЩۻʳȥЩ¶ûнŭΪһûϵؤ
ĩˣַĹӲʣĩڱɱ˲ɥʬѧһ˵ķҲõѸٵǿ
ٺϣ֮ǣ˾ӣƾŹ˵ĺɱɥʬ빴Ķһ·ǰУ˾ųλá
ĩǰЩƲĸ߹ٶǣȴ˽¡
нˬǣܶĩǰ߹ֵŮһЩеǧĩΪ˻ȥȥ˳ĻֹȣһŮˡ
ΪųŴԴĩǰЩ߹󽾰ŮĸԸĽ£衣
ſڹȥЩ߹ԽӽŮϣĵõ˼㣬ڷй֮󣬱ĵ¼ݺﳤȥ
ڵѾӦŰˣǱŰղַƬֻ֮ǳȻӦ˵˸ղǾ仰ȴû뵽ַŭ
ַ˵Ŀ⣬첢ûи̧ˣҲȷвǾƵϣ֮ǣԼϣ֮ĽԼ죬ҲܰԼô
ҪȻԣַٵΪȴҲûаʵ뵨
Ҿ㣬ôѵҶֲɣ
ų϶ַ㲻Ȼ˲¶һ󣬸ǷģĶ֣ʤ֮󣬶޵ֻҧ޲øȭ
ž
һ·صĴųϡ
޴Ϲ˵ϣݶ˺üţɳ˺Զ
ʯ˻Լ۾⣬춼޷ʵ˿ϣ֮Ľڴ棬ĺ
ʦһԿأʦ£ұַۣ붼ûʹһ⡣
Ǹõʦ࣬·ַĶϡ
ܾĶ˴˵ĺ˶˵Ҳû֪ʱ˵ʲô
ַ·һһ㣬ø⵭Ŀ˵ܺԼ졣
ųŭˣ·ֻصĩ֮ǰǸؤһֱؤԶҲûʲô
ƫƫĩл쵽ųλãѹȥܶ붼ƯŮѹ£еüĸо
ȴڴ֮ͥ£һ֪˵ںݺݵĴһ⣬ݶ˺üš
ǰûй߳ĹԴųܻ˵ģֻǸƽͷգȴϣ֮ųȻҴӣӲŪ㡣
Ūңϣ֮ǵһ涨֮䲻ɱΪˣѵ֪涨
ҡ
ųͻȻ˵ϣ֮ǵȷвɱĹ涨ղҲͿˣҪɱַ㡣
ʱ˿ַ̣ѣʱ֪κӦԣƽĻԼԺԼĳǰ̧ͷ
ַƴһΥ档ǰ˾ʲôˣոսǣ֪ȻԼࡣ
ľ߳ͻȻ˵֮ȷɱìܵĻȥɽ̨˽½
ϣ֮ɽַ̨Ҳİһ֮Уϣ֮ǶеطĿ֮˶Թȥɽ̨ɽ̨ϣ۴˭Ը
ϣ֮֮Ƴһط֮ĶԹĦҲԼĿǡ
ĩ֮УʿսʿɱմȾɱ¾֮ҲԽԽأܶһԲϣͻεǳ֮䲻ɱĹ涨
ǿѹ֮ìܣֻʵ䷴ã󷴶ʹÿеԹԽԽأңӰҲϣ֮棬ɽ̨ˡ
˭˭˳ۣȥɽ̨
ɽ̨ϣҲóַ㻹֪һ£Ϊʦľ٣²ȥɽ̨Ҳ㻭һطɽ̨Ĺ涨оս
Ȼ˵ȥɽ̨̫鷳֤ǾԺһ°ɡ
ʤһսˣ㲻ٻؾˡ
ɫһ䣬⻰ڳʤеĺȷҪųַ֣Ͼʤˣַ޼ɵŹʤҲǷ
ַͷǸҪͷûҲûκ
Ҫͷ緹ʤǰؤǾųַŻƺΪҪͷ⻰ƺ˵̫ˡ
Ҳ΢΢һüȰ˵סַ֣ҲͱˣʤƷȻôȴž棬ȻãܻôȰ
ʤֱ˾ַŹʤΪҲȷʵŭҪʤݺݽѵַ㡣
õ֧£գһս޷ˡ


25  ͯվŮн
ãһ޷СһĽѵ
ͻȻ䣬ʤǿ²ʶˣҲԸоʤʱϵﵽʮ㡣
ȣսʿмΪǿ춼
ַ㲻Ѿ˽ջϵˣҲٵǵʮĻֻҪʤһ㡣
ڿһϵ۽ſɱˣַѾһϵ۽ʮСʱ֮ڸ޷ٿڶΡ
ܿϵ۽Ҳ޴ôǰ¶Լʵȴֻٵַʰʮʤ
Ҫյʤֻһ棬һ棬սҪҲΪҪսһ˵ȣ˵һ˵ҪһЩ
ȻӾԵ˵ַ㲻ȫǿĩʮĥǿսԿ϶˵Լսȫǿ
Է£ҪʰˣַȴҪٻһЩͬ£ʤȴԼеʸûС
ʤҲ¶֮ɫԴмĿַ㣬ԺЦԼѾﵽʮ㣬Ҫ˵ų棬ʦҲûԼôǿ
ھ磬˲òμɽӰϵᣬЩɽӰϵĸ֣Բսʿ
սʿǵҲֻͨսʿмΪɲľȣһĴڡ
ʤԼţͬʱַĶλҲһĴڣȫѹס죬Ȼַ
ĩǰؤľʤ˼Ϊ޳ܱ뺷磬нǿ󣬲˴ɥʬ޵ˣϮɱ˲ǿսʿȡЩڵнǿ
ַԼҲٵҰɣʤʣͨɥʬԼ̫á
ֻҪɱַ㣬ȡڵʹԼﵽİٵ㡣
ʱһս˾ԱٲԼΪʦԼȥս
ԺԼĻԻǰ;ʤ¶˼˿֮ɫ
ɣһҪɱ㣬Ҫȡֻҽеһ϶ѡ
ʤǵԼ£¶ϰ׳ļ⣬Ժ
ַ󣬵˵Ҳ˵Ļ
ʤеŭٴȼųľ֮У޵еĴڣֱ˾ãҲô
һͨսʿȴҶ˵Ļʱ˿̣ʤһԹͷǾɱַ֮Ҫụ́һַʬ塣
ȻѾؤˣʤѾؤϰҰ·
ַʤսϢ·һ磬Ѹӵ˾Ƶÿһ䣬˶Ժ뿴սųƾطӵǸʲôˡ
ʤųƾеһųų֮Ⱦӵһսʿʲô·Ȼںųطӵʤսģ˻ˣ
һ˵ȷ̫ˣҲѹսطӣطӵʵأϣ˲Ҫ̫ܵҡ
ƵԷˣǾĸ߼ԱһսʿҪȻҲôݻĵط
ǶھƵԷһսʿս뺷طӣΧۡ
ȻʤǾˣڲһвƫʤһԵһŰԵΪ˺ܶҲϣܹվݺݴһµһ档
ҲһЩַ㵣ģַ㲻Ǹ֪Сɫʤȴǵһһ٣ǿľˣƷʶΪµĻֻʦˡ
ⳡսȫЩԵЩ˵УȻЩַǰ
ղƯŮҲȻԺݣȻۿⳡղĶôǮȴûκҪʹЩбһЩĪĺøС
ַĶƺϵУŲƵĹ涨ȻһעĽˣۿⳡǿ֮Ĵս
ŮȻַ㣬ϣ֮ǿĴڣ󲿷ֶԾȻַһ˿ȥƺʵǿȱȣֻ»ǲ˺ܶࡣ
ⳡսеĻԼһõĹľҲʬҰ
ַ۾һΧ۵ľսʿЩ֮кܶʶȻеЩĩڣЩ˻ĩڣ˼ΪǿĴڡ
ȻĿǰЩ˾Զ״ĬĬţһעĽĬĬɳڽ貵Ĺâ
һַ㲢ʶʤǸõʦһҲĩʱıϣ֮ǣһʱ뿪ˡ
Ȼܼסܴһ־ٵȴʤû˿ӡ
ЩǾȥִһЩΣյʤĩĿԼ
Ҳַûӡԭڣܶھеְλʤõˣĩڷ˺ǿĴڡ
˵ڵ죬ڲǱһСսʿĩڣȴɺȫʮ󳬼սʿ֮һ
з˪˸
һʤԼٶȽ󳬹һ
㻹֣
ǰչʾʤַӵ˵
㡭
ʤһ֮дûһ֮ڱŭôΣĩǰͣŹʱжûôŭ
һ£ֵˣǱȽһȳ֣й壬֣ñԼ£ôǶԼţǱһֱ֡
ȻʤûʲôǸʲôڴ֮ͥ£ȴȻһֵģַɱ
Ȼˣڴ֮ͥ£ҲôȻǶ͵Ϯһȴû
Ƕ˽ΪȻôû֤ݵ£ҲȥҷΪ
Щ黹޷ԶסˣһЩͬ۵֪ʤһЩӼ֮󣬼ʱñĵ۹⿴
ʤȴΪôʲôãЩƷʸе˶ˣȴֻҪţнʱ
Ҹʱ䣬ÿһ㡣
˵ûи˼ʤһǰ;ųһòļһû˵Լʱ䣬һʲôûеսʿ˵ĻȷԼơ
ãһҰһ֪࣬㻹᲻š
ʤ仰˶ַ㵣ģǶ֪ʤǶŭʤ˾еɱҲԡ
ַѾʤһˣսһϣʤʹһʾʤɱ⡣
Щõľ٣ҲȻע⵽õľٶǸеַ³ʮҡ
ڴͬʱַһطսϢѾϣ֮Ǹ߲֮ӣܶĳٶע⵽µ򣬲ľȥֳ鿴һķչ
ĹǣΪַǸԹһȣʲô˵ĳ嶯꣬Ҳʤʵ˸Ϊһûս
ڵڶһ߹ٱһŮһнĸ߹ҲõϢŮеֱΪַ㲻Ǹ嶯ķӡ
˾ȻսطӣжЩգ˿ҲǸ˲ˡ
Ůнվ¶ߣʵľװȻڸģκ˵Ρ
ǶԸ͹ָͦزǶ˿ظĻһŮ˵زΪʲôôһŮôزشѽ
Ůϣȴһ崿ģͷ·һСŮκ˼ȾɫóŮͯվһĽ
Ůһ˼ı飬˼ı飬ֹЦŮҪˣɫһͬŮ޷
ŮϰԵҧҧԼԸʪĺ촽һ£¶˺ÿıݣȻ˵עӾƵһһʱرҡ
һŮٵ˵ͷȥͳھƵﲼԼ۾ȥˣȴףԼ߸ϽôעЩСų֮ĶŹء
ƵУսѾȫ죬ʤһͷٱӵıӣַ㣬¼ӲĴʯ˫̤
ʤ󣬴ʯм߸ʹ˾òһˣһʻ̹ѹ档


26  ôô
ַһδ·ǰһиˡ
Χ۵˼ʤ˺˵ƣַһĿɿڴģûзӦǱʤٶŴˡ
֮ԭһδûκηӦ
ۼԼѾַǰַ޷Ӧʤг֮Լ֮죬һ˸ַҲǱԼٶȸŴˡ
ʤȴʹ֣һȭӳַԴͬʱиһַ㱻Դ֮ľģиǼΪá
ã΢΢һҰַַ֣֪־֮£ֲֿǿɱʤ
ַʱȴûκζֻһվĪֿķʱƣ˵ڶʱڲֶʱķмĺ֢˷ӦŻᷴӦô
ӦѽԼʤĹ֮£ҲһжӲ£ջĲѾˣֻԼûпѣ˲űʤ˱ˡ
ַ˼ɣԸڴ֮ͥʹֿµĹڶʲôʱˣԼʵʲô
кһҪ֡
ȻʤǱǵһʢųȻҲ˶ʤ֧֣ȻʤڷԵһȻ־ַ㡣
ûַİæԼͱײеĽջʳԵˣԼо֮ԼηȨƲԹۣǵΪˡ
ʥҲ˵֮ʱཻΪ˽ڻѵʱõԷ˽İַͱԼҲҪһе
컹ûü֣ͼַͻȻ̽צʤȭͷַĶͷʱץ˶Էϡ
ʤٱܵ·𼲳۵ĻͻȻ˽ƶȻַǰͣסַĽ֮£ȫͣ˵ĿС
ʤȭͷľ缤ַͷĺڷȻȭͷַĶͷֻмľ룬ȭͷѾԶ޷ٳ嵽ַǰˡ
ꡣ
ַϺޱ飬ָȴ͵һʤֱ۶ϡ
˴۾ǰһ̻ޱȵʤһб㱻ַ۶ַ㾿ʲô·Ҳʮңʤ£Ӧ滢൱Ŷԡ
ʤǾٮٮߣܴ֮һַȻһ֮ʤһַֻϵ
һ뿴ƴͷѪģǽһУʤ㱻ܣսոտʼѾĻ
ٴһǽ࣬ϵÿ춼ԶǿڵҲʮֵĻܲʰʤ˵
ʰ£һսҲַ㲻ʤˣʤףһʮ׳һĵһӤ
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Ҳ˵󲢲ǹۣȫϵԺҲûκĿԣ벻ַ˱޳ܣֶԼ
Լһֻ֣ûһֻ֣ԼսۿۣԺУԶԶ󣬱һصĴڣп±һؤΪһֻ֣ԼһлԻǰ;ȫˡ

뵽ԺԼҰǰ;뵽Լʧ֮ԼԺҲûвȥֹõģԼҲӲдĻţٴαһؤʤŭˡ
ƴˡ
ֵַܣл˵ʤ㲻ֵַܵĶ֣Ͻס֡
üַһ֮۶ʤ󣬱ַ֪սҪԶԶʤ֮ȫûбȽϵأٴȥʤɡ
ΪһĴ֣ʤҲһѼõǹκ£ֻҪһ仰ʤ蹷һȥκ˶ҧ
ʤǰȻҪ취סʤҪ˾˾Ҳ޷
ַ͵ôһǾٽ߹٣ֻҪһ仰ڣַ㲻ܼʰʤ
ҲʤԶ£ַȻӲĳɱʤĻǱе֮ˡ
۶ʤһַֻ֮㲢û֣䶢ʤʤĻַ䣬һ䣬ַʧȥ˼ֵĽڡ
ǴʱʤѾ˰ĵزһֱֻȫˣΪһĩǰóؤĩ׵ķ蹷㲻ʲôˣַ
ֵģүһ첲ʤƲֻҪҽ첻Ĳ㣬㻹һƯðɣҪҵŪֹȥǧ桭
ʤԽԽףһ蹷
ֱţʤһ
Ѿģ㲻ȶַϴһᱨѽڷ蹷һһַûɱ˵ģҲһģСôô
ȴһ£Ǿ֮Կʤ£ǿҰִȻһ㻹ָֽͷѽ
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Ķ֣ʤַôãҲ˽ΪˣַҲɱˣֻҪҪɱһˣ˱˵ı½ΪɱʤҲϧ
ȥɡ
ַһȭʤнַԴɱϵĿûдɣԴȴһ򱬵ϣϣ֮ţųʹ˱
ʧȥԴ֮ʤһһͷԵڵأѪˮء
ַ¶һ˿΢Цղ۶ʤʱѾȫԳûƷʤȻڵľעʤ첲һֻ첲ȫϵĿǰΪ˳׼ŭ
ʤʧȥǵĻ˵ַ㳼ɽ̨ϵĹ涨ֻҪһ䣬һ㲻ܸϾɱϾҶࡣ
ַ֪һսԼѾʤ𣬲һΪ˲ԼԺ鷳ԼֻиϾɱ
Ҫĩ棬ӲĳɱһгԼ߿ԶԼвˣʤһѾԼ޵ˣȻԷԼĻᡣ
ĩĲпᣬ
ַһֱѪ˵Ǹ˵㣬ˡ
ӿײǽĳ嶯ɱ˻˵ķǲ̫ˡ
㡭á
ɫ࣬ղŴʤϣʤַȻûʣһսʶ򣬶ǽʤһȭУҲˡ
ʤַȣַʤҲ֮УҲκηŭĽڣɽ̨ϱԸ
벻طôһоͱ˴Դ
Ķ̫ǿ£㲻Ҳȥԡ
ֲʤɵƣôǿĽɫ
ʤСԺǹͬǴЦûĻҲᱻ
һ߹ٵĺۡѾ˽ʤַսϸڰǵϡ
һīȥܿ˾ԱЦ治ǸַսʿȻһȭʤУʤȻʲôַȴʤɣҵǸַսʿˡ
һһٽ˾˵˾ַǸ˲ţ㿴ǲǵս
ַǿҲϲɱĸսˣҶԥĽɽ¸Ҳûʲôɱǵһսˣһս˾ԱǳĻ̣ǴҹϵıǵһǿߣܲΪһˣ׵ĵﱱǵһǿɣ
һ߹ٸۡһ˾Ҳ˼ôַ£̾һ˵ˣȻ˲ѵãҲΪһ˵һսˣݲַˡ
ʲôַȻӮˣɱʤ
Ůн̻ǰ㱨Ů٣ڹȼǰΰǰ΢΢ԵþĶ
漴޵˵ɱĺãһһĿˣҲһѵˣַزأ
ʤΪһ׺ݵų̻ҲΪʵԹɱһǧ˰٣ַҲһս˲ᡣ
Ůһ˵ˣַŰɱʤʱһס
Ůһ˵òַûˡ
ʲôû˾ɱʤ벻ȻôǿǵⳡսһúܼҰɣ
ַֻһУʤԴ
һУ
ž
̻һеˮأֺֹĸоϸǴſŵı飬ƺһЦЦ
ַȻֻһлʤ˸жôǿǿߣ֪ܹﵽǵһǿٷ֮


27  ܿʧ
Ž²Ҳ̶ãӲʬ壬ַ㻺ǰƣʤǰ
ṹԣǿǿҲˡ
һҲ޷ӱȡкܴһǿ߿ͨżеõطѪȡ
ȡ̫Ѫȣ༸ǧᳫ²Ŀǰľ˶޷¡
ַ㣬Ҫʲô
дżȵ㵣Ȼַ˼ҪʤʬȡȻ벻ַ˴
ȻʤǰҲִͨʬȡķҲֻǰϮɱгˣ˽ｫԷڵȡȴûеڴ֮ͥô
죬ַȴҪʤȡڶľսʿΧ֮¡
ȻʤҲΪһʬַ㱬ͻʤϾǵһˣʤʬַ޼ɵ̣һڱַ㵱ڴһĶ⡣
ַղŵײУҲ£Ϊʤֱ˾ʤʬϵַ㵱ȡĻȥĻֹһ˾֪ҲŹġ
һԼµʬ嶼ӻ˵ˣǲڵһģΪԼʱҲΪʤʬͷҲΪ˸һ档
ַͷҲ̧˵ʤؤͷˣȴΪ㹱ףҪȡϵ
ַ㣬ϣףʤǳľ٣Ϊ˱Ƕ벻ɥʬѪսΪȫǵشףˣӦƴʬ塣
ôһ˵ܶ˶˵ͷ
Ȼһ򿴲ʤһİԵ磬ʤǰʲôѾˣ۳ʲôӦƴʬ壬Ϊл֮ǰԸ
ַ㡮šһû˵ʲôǽƷʤؿڣһ˿˿޵ıַ壬ַҲ¶Ϊı顣
ͬʱʤʬٵĸɱ񣬱ʣձһɢųĸ⣬ģҲ̶á
ɫ䣬Ĵһ˱ɫϧ仯پʣַҲֱӡ
ַͷȫעĴʤȡ
ô˿ҪըŵĸоȻַ㷭ַղĪְ֣ǿȥ
Ϊʦĸ߹٣ĩǵһܵ˴裬ȴƷַİգֻд̡
ַ㣬ҼסˣһҲסˣưɡ
תȥͬʱôһԹĻߵſڵʱһ񣬲һ㱻ſڵĵ
õ֣ǰŰ嶼мŭŵԼ̲ȣһˤڵء
ܺЦȴûЦ
ԺȻַȡʤĿֲ棬Ӳǰһǰˣһŵĸ⡣
Щ˿ַ񣬶üɵ·ǰ˲ˣһԵĶħ
һַʹ˶ĿһˣȻ͸ˣţ·ɵȥ˵ɡ
Ŀ֮£ʤʬһѲҲ̶õĸ⣬ܶ˶ֶδ̫б
ĩУǸ˲вбĶ
Ҳǰһˣȴڼ֮󣬾пܱ˺壬̽˶ձһѴࡣ
һڣʳＫȱ֮ɱ˳鳣зɱʬǼΪձ飬㲻ʲô治顣
ַеĵǣκ£ԼҲɱ˳飬ɱʬȴ졣
ԷǸпڽԱĺˣ¶ԷǿҲѪȵ飬ƴԷʬ壬ʤˣֱӽ˵ʬ
ߣƵײͱ׼ɲ˷ˣԷȥ
Χ۵ˤڵأھһսֽʤʬ£ȻԷ˲ǡ
ʤĵһҲЩ޹ĸоַ㲻ɱ˵һˣʤʬⲻڵһϴһصĶ⣬һķ񱨸ġ
һ˾ǸģҲٻοһ˾ﻹǱǵĵһǿߣԻ̳Ľɫء
ǵüǰһʦ˵һֱ׷ڲ˵ڻɱʦΨһĶڵǰ
Ȼ˵ȫķŭҲѪȵֶοۣǿ󣬵һǿۺʵҲֻ
·ֻ֮Ҫһ¶ĳϣ˾¶档
˵ƻ˾ڲŽᣬϣ֮˾Ӧó²Ŷԣ˷ѽǣϣ֮˾ȴʼգûйʹ¡
Ȼˣ˾֮ôҲĿǣϣ֮оǢ޼Ļ˵мܿ˾Σա
˾ȴ˵ڿֻ֮и֮໥ƺ⣬ȷ˾Ըľ쵼
ѽͻ᲻ͣʷˣĩǰˣĩҴɥʬл֮£ΪѪսʱȻΪǿԼȨ˴֡
̾Ϣһ˵֣һο˵׵һˣһ˾ʱ֮Ҳע⵽㣬ȴǣһŹģһǿƣԼҶ֣ҲһĶһǿ߳Ը㡣
ַȻǸ״򲻶ģû˿𾪵˵һл㲻ʲôãܿͻϳʧ
ַ㻰еĺ壬ʱЩĿɿڴ
Ȼ밵ɱĽһعĻַǷķӣȫϣ֮ͨ
ʱ֮󣬱Ҳû֮أȻȰ˵ַ㷲ҪһأҲףǸȰĺݽɫҲûмϻ
վַϣȻˣǾͳ׵ﵽףԷĻᣬڰãеǰ취
ϣ֮ĸ߼ԱǸҲŵĽɫÿ¸ЩôĸȻǡ
ÿ֮УÿٶҪµʿȥԣһֻҪ˳⣬κ˶ΪһСС䡣
ֻҪԼҰԵĻᣬһ⣬ԽԶʧ
òǣַҲͨɱȥǣĩз¶֤ݣ֪õԼйأû֤ݵ£ҲԼ޿κΡ
ǸǿĽַ࣬һһȻҲ
һѹȣַвЦʲôƨǵһǿߣһ죬Ҫ䷲
ַıӰپ¶˶áɱʬֻħ顣
˰䣬Ķ֣ʤɫ糣ȻʲôҲ£Ҳȥ£ַ㶥ء
ȻĳƣҲûж˵ʲô𣬾͸иͬͬ
ǸղųЩĲɣȻǵһˣҲһ򿴲ߵһΪȻԼַۡ
һ֪ԼַϵУ˵Լͷкǵŭ
ų˸ڸˣ֮ǰȴַһŵͼǸͼǸַĿͨѻ滭ϸͼ
ͼϸıڵСľλãͬʱ˸һ԰УĶѾ˱ɥʬ
ǸС࣬ӶðȻȥһߵʱųַ㣬ҪȥڵСһҪС£Сðжı
ųıӰַ˳˼
ųȻԼֵĵһˣвŴҴȥ
˼ûָԼѰԼõҪȻǸܻ˵ļһ
䣬ַģģļһ֮УԼҲˣ˵ȻǿΪ˴ȴ磬ܵٴأĩڣһӰľ˾
ַ죬Լŵסȥ
һ·ϣپսʿַܸ֮һԶԶܿȻЩ˶ַ֪ɱʤ顣
ַΪɱһų޷ķӣ˭ҲϰϵʡԺ
ϾڱУû˲µһŭ
ִ
һ沿Ůסַһˡ
ַ㿴ŮľΣųļھŮǿ߲࣬ŮųѾǺܲˣַȴʶŮ֪ΪʲôסԼȥ·
𣿡
ִˣǵ㣬ִ˹ȥһۣϣִܹ


28  ͷ
Ǹ˭ڱǵĸ߲棬˭֪Լɱ˵һǰ;ųڽʤʬһѶĵĸ⡣
˵Լɱʤð˵һϵĻԼʤȡһϺݺݴһ⡣
ʤ˸ȫʬ³ǵһΪƽϢٵŭҲҪһʤֻع
˵κԼϹϵˣ⵽һı
ǸǸѣȻǵ˾Լ룬Ҳµһı˭
ַ㿴ŮųսԱһٵʱвɵ΢΢һ
ǵľŮн̻ɣ
Ů΢΢һû뵽Լֻ˵һַȻµ֡
Ů漴뵽̻ǱǾŮǿˣ˾λã˵Ǳ֪ʿ
ַϾոսǣӦû˵̻Ĵַܹϵ֮ʱҲȻˣһַ˵̻
ԼľˣŮ΢΢̣¶˼Ϊģǰȷи˵սŮ߿ɵ⻰ʺ̻ϡ
ĩ֮˼ǿ̨ҴƯŮǣصĴڡ
ֹֻܵǿ˳ഺ壬ѹ
̻ˣĩһһȼڸ߿յĽį̻ޱȵĳֻ˲ֵ̨ܳϣ̤ڽ£Ůеż
̻ΪһŮˣӲ˽һƬԼ£ŮԶ޷һ˿ٹ⡣
һį̻ڱǱݵ̨ϣ¼ŵģΨһķԼҫ۵Ĺâ̻
ַ˵̻֣·˵ԼһˣĶ֣ʤо¶𾪵ģǵӾͲһ۾й䵽ϡ
˱Ǵ粽ĸַ㣬û˵̻֣Ψһǹϵû˵̻ˡ
ַô֪̻֪ԼҲ֪ŶԣԼǣʶ֮⣬κδԼʶһô֪Ůˡ
㡭ǰûκ˶˵ǵֻǲ²ģ
ŮܹǧŮ֮У̻ѡУǸŮ˵٣ôǿ󣬶㹻ϸģӵ߳󼰵۲ճУЧĽ顣
ֻĶ֣ʤһۣǵ˼ȻҲַܹ˵ִ̻󲻽⡣
ͨݵĲԹɫͶ϶ַûд˵̻Ĵ˵ҪȻĶ֣ʤ𾪵ı顣
ַ㻹ǵһθеԼĴЩΣ˵ԼǴ˵̻һЩ¼Ķ֣ʤϵıȴԼ
˵Լǲ²ģǾ͸ûˣô֪и̻ŮˣһǾŮнһͲ²һŮˡ
Լ˵Ļ˵ˣԼĻѻԼǸʮԾŲ׼Ҳ²ⲻ顣
˵ԼǴδģ͸ûˣ˵ĻȫҲὫԼΪȫ򹫵С
ţԼδһԺƵķչָƣʲôܹͷأʲôǰ֪
ЩԼǿһԼסҪԼԺԤ⡣
ߣЩĩڵˣΪԼܹȥһԼȥĺܶ飬ʹǱܹĽѡ
ĻһһоͻᳯԼ޷ƿصķչԼ֪׵档
һ䣬ǱԼǰںϻѱսǱҪĶԼһʤʱȻй¶
㲻ҪȣھƵʱ˼ۣ˵λ̻ŮǿˣλŮٵΪǿŮеĽٹ⣬֪ǾĴ
ַЩȻЩͲͨĶ֣ʤһʣԼ粽һôԼû˵̻Ů٣ǵȻɵñ⡣
λ˹ĵŮһ£ȻҲַĻҲ޷ͣΪʲôַһǣ֪̻ˣ˵̻ʱ򣬿֮⣬·̸ԼʶĹһ㡣
벻ײҪٸʵףĩУ̫ĲףֻһЩµԹߣǴ֪ԼûǸ
飬ҪЩǿ̻Ůȥģļǵã̻Ұ⽫ȻصĻųλãĩڡ
ų£Һǵľ˻棬ǰ·
ô򵥾͸ƯųˣĶжʱ۾
ַ֪һߣǸʲôûеˣҲȻеƲЩνľ߹ǡ
ΪʲôŮ࿴أĪ֪Ů˺ƯСţ߽Լˡ
ҲѽһλŮ߹ٴϹϵĻԺͲµһ漴ıˡ
ٺ٣ַʲôʱøԼ޳ˣǽīߺڣޡôԼ˵ԼǺڵģӦ˵߳Ŷԡ
֣ʤһԲַ֪̻˵ȻǴ󲻽⣬ƾְҵУҲǾַղŵĽͣΪַĶһǸļһڵ֪̻Ư֮󣬱󹬵а㡣
УַԶǸصļһȻַʲôԸ˵Ҳʡ
ַŮһıǰվʱĶ֣ʤԸ̾˾ǲһǿսʿҪһıʱҲû˵ĲĿǰһ㡣
ĽȴƾžչˣȴɵסݻıС
ǰĺ̶ȣֻĩǰһĸ˶޷סƯıУڣȴ˱ǵһŮǿ˵ʱۡ
Ůߵֵʿǰޱرֱַ֤ͨӽСڲ
ַһһ߸̾һŮǿ˾ǻҫ貵֮һĴ£ȫʮ󳬼սʿҪʵĶࡣ
һ̻ĩȻֻһнƾǿ㹻ıӲǳﰵصƿߡ
κ£ҪĵͷЩҪϣ˾Ҫʣר̹ѯ
һڣŮȴķ˱ǣһ¯ıϣ֮ǡ
򿿺Եʣϣһ˱ȱϣ֮ǽʱҪĶѡ
ĩڣıѾ˰½عеĴڸ˿ֲֲĵȻǺ
СޣɹǿߣҲͬԵһСһףһ֮еսַ˳βһͷչ޵ĺϻ֮¡
һΧǵʱ򣬱ʼֻԹۣϣǵľŮǿǡ
սУǵ۾ҲǰгƵĿǸͷ̻
ھ̻˸ȫƵսʿ׷ӿǣ̻ػϣ֮ǡ
ʱַѾȫսʿ֮ո¶ͷǣ绪ï̻ȣǲԶˡ
һַֻ̻Ĵڣ죬ĩһԼҲеʸ
֣ʤµĲַĽǾ˾ԱҪҲδػȥ̻ŮԵ룬ȴûаԥֱӴӦ
ĶСַϴǸɱ˾һ߹٣ǹ᲻ǸȦףǱΧסĻ᲻
Ҳᡣ
ַ⻰˵ĺܿ϶һ֮У̻ƷпڽԱġ
ô͸ô϶
Ҿô϶
Ϊʲô
Ϊ̻־˿϶
ĶͻȻ棬оԼһǵ⣬ַĴȫǵ˶֪𣬾ղŵĶ԰ף˭֪Լһ˵ǾеŮн̻
ѾһԼıǰŮٺ˵ǣһȥ
ַ˻ûüȥԶһѾ۶ڱſͻȻɲ̥ˮľĦް˻
˿˰Եķַ֪һ̻Ҳ˾̻֮ۡ⣬ʲô˸ıﳩͨĿأ
Ż򿪣һͷнΣ༫Ϊ˧˳һѪõ壬һĿ˹ۡĴһۡ
ٵԴϵĳļΪ룬ԶԶȥһͷڷǱͷһ͹
ַٱҲ֪ǰһ̻׷ߣҪȻ⸱磬ֳõ廨
ֻǲ֪ʲô·Ȼ׷̻߰磬һ֮Уµַʱ̣Ȼûмǵܹɹ׷λ̻


29  ϵļį̻
˱ţȴпַ㣬ٵ漴һ˿ŭɫ
ҵ˭أԭǱ޶ַ㣬ɱǾˣȻеǲ֪ôдˣ
ٶ˵ͻȻɫַ϶ǰһʤĪĹϵǵһˣҪȻṫȻԼѡ
⣬ַ֮ԸҶ϶ǵһˣΪ֪Ŀǰĸ֮䶼ò룬໥̨ˣֻһԿ֣Լѡ
ַЦɱʤôֲ׵Сܻ˵Լ޶ҲҸԼ۴ñӡ
Լʤһս˵ɽ̨Ĺؽеģڼ䲢û˿Υ棬ȻԼʤѪ⣬ֶѪһ㣬Ҳʲô¡
ַŮһ˵ʶ𣿡Ůҡҡͷ׷̻ǿ̫ˣÿ˶ȥˣ̻ҲЩ˶ǲٴɫǴЩĵļһ
Ůٳ֪˺ԵһľʲôҲ֪ˡ
ַĶ֣ʤ˵ʶ𣿡
Ķû˵ȲЦַ֪Ҫˡ
֣ʤûķӦǶ֣˵ʶ
Եһнŭˣղַ˵ȷгЦַ˼ַȴҪֱӰһߣ˵Īˡ
ַתͷжٸеһ˿οڶԵһе˾ηҪȻҲῴԼһۡ
֪ɱʤķӴʱԼ˵ʲô֪ǰ˾ҪԵһб뷨
нڴĿУַһּΪ䵭Ŀ˵ȻǶʶ㣬㻹ҧʲô
㡭
ͷķнһ㶣Ϊнĸ߹٣Ȼĩǰнôˣĩ˿ڼ٣˴Ӻ˵нĩǰ١
ַȻҳĻΪԼĶë
Ķ֣ʤ˳ŪĿ֮󣬲֪ԼĶ䲢ûг⣬ַղŵȷ
Ϊнĸ߹٣õֱ˾ݵλȻССʤᲢ۵ġ
һַжûκַȻ֮£
ģǵһսнȴңҲ
˱˵Ҳ㣬ÿжַ˵΢ͣһ¡
ԣַɱʤһֻӥһոմӵзСһףЩˡ
Щ˲ܹλߣҲӲ֮ͽŽһٲŻȺߺһ־ԶûС
ȻˣַȻΪʾԼܣŲԱӻʤʬ壬ĳǰǰַ˵һͷۣܼĴħ
κַӣ·һԼڴ֮ͥ³ַ㼸䣬ѾǺ˲ˡ
˱ˣֻҲʤһ³Լôǽסַ㡣
ǸнϽĿ˵ﲻ̻нĹۡұĲ㡣
仰һ˶֪нˣ벻ǿĵһַ£ȴҲҼ档
ŮڴĦԼٵ⣬ַ֪̻˼ֻǲַ֪ĵ᲻ǰһܵһѹȡ
С޷Կһʧϵ𣺡ѵַˣҲᡣ
һӰӱп˶ĿſڣŮϡ
˵ǰĶǰŮˮëȴһοˮû
ĤܵǿҳڷϵͳͻȻʧ޷һοˮ
Ůн޴ޱȵزΣǲһյСöȹ¶˵İֱȣĶĿɿڴ
ǰȣʱ̻峺ĿУĶȴһ˿֮ġ
ĶˣһŮð֣ʤҲԼ۾𼸸ۣǾǼƷѽ
н۾Ҳֱˣ޴ŮȻ˾ԱеŮˣһǲһ˾ԱܹȢļƷŮĻҲеһϵٹɡ
нҲЩɬԼ˾ԱίУͷĸʢŮнʻÿǳ˱Ÿ
һΣԼַ㳳˼䣬˾Ա˵ĵһԵվַϡ
нεЦЦܹһ˾Ա̻ʻڵһежǿʵϣһǿ˶ȥˡ
ȴΪ˵Ľɫ˳Ϊ˸磬֪Լַ㶯ֵĻһ׶༪١
Լ˽йַ¼Уַ֪Ǹɱ񣬷ɱķӣԼһǿ󱳾ȫסӣ캬£ҪȻԼһ²̨
нЩ˾˼ҰժģһнϣСĿÿ춼ͻȴԵнǵ˾ȻÿɼѵʻֲиĽ͹
нϲıԼĳ⣬֮ɣȷֻ˵˻İ˸硣
˭֪ǾΪ̻Ұժʻġ
ҿɴû˵ԼҪܹʻԺҲҪˣȻˣĻҲ㣬ֻҪʻӵ֮󣬾ͿԻȥˡ
̻ûٿѾɫѿнǶԼĸ˵С䣬ȥкһַ˵λѣַЩҪú̸һ̸
СĸټΪ͸Ķ֣ʤһƫȥȲ裬ַ̻ˡ
Ķһһ߲ĵĻͷĿԶһŮĶز
С丱ֻüȴûж˵ʲôĳЩ˵Ŀ⣬Щ˵ͨˡ
̻ǰ·ַ˱ĴУӲǰѵһ˸ֱ߹⣬нŶݺݵĳһĭЦһԼĽγﳤȥ
ȴĻ⣬ֱϵ̵ַɱַԼԼƲ
漴˵һٵ³಻ľٲ֪ʲôԭ̻ƺԸ˵´ĶӲǴֱܵ˵ɱ١
һΣ̻ƺСΪأԹŽǰθ磬һܺõ
ֻҪԼúһ£Ժ󲻷ŭͷʨˣַ֪ҡ
̻ߣƮϵĵ㣬ַ˹ȥĺܶ¡
һԼ˱Ǻֻ̻˵˼仰⵽˵һ˾Աż
һ̫ˣȻûɽӰȴɽӰǰʮǿսʿиһʵĴڡ
򰵵ż֮£ַʧ뿪˱ǣȻȷ̻֮ûʲôֻ˵仰ѣȴţøַֻ㡣
ΪԼĪȥ뿪˱ǣҲûлصĵĵط
ʲôأô񣿡
̻˴ɳϣԲȣ˫ֱǰѹȵǰ޴͹ЩΣȴȻûмǶѩ׵ջ
̻ģղ˪ĸоˣַ΢΢һЦԭŮҲԼɰһ棬Ҳ˵˵Խӽ
ַҲһ˿ȻģûǰŮ⡣
룬һɱ˵һһųǼ˶Ϊֵɽ󣬺ҳһϵΪʲôҷأ㲻ںһˣҲûбҪŭǰɣ
ȷַеɻֱ˳
̻ڴ󴲰ɳһһĶ
ȹ¶ȻɢžĶǵջǰ͹ȴһӽ߸𣬲Ѹٻָԭַչʾޱױȵ
ԭҲ֪һ˼ǣһΪǸʲôҲķأ
̻ЦȻ¶СŮеĴЦݡ


30  
ַ룬ɫȻ֪һţ֪Լ־ǣҲҶǵƻ޶ԣʵϣκ˶ҵƣҶ޷̡
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֪ʤԵһҲûе£֮ǿԼֻҪϵ۽ҲԽŰ
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һΧԼĻٻһвԼԼ˿ϵ۽ɱ仨ˮܾˡ
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ڵ£²ϵ۽ҲǸ࣬ȻٶȱȲǿսȻһĻ
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ҵ֪㾿Ǹʲôˣ˴֪ʲôʧܣͨĽ࣬ǳ࣬ÿ˯Ѹǿ㲻ǸͨˣôģȻһ㲻ѵһϡ
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Ҫһǣͨ¸ˣòҪһҪȻ³ǸߵСһ
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̻ޱȳϿҵ۾ַûлĳ⣬һ̻һϲŪıˡ
һ׼ıңĻϲֶε˶ʱ֮ڻܵƣƱػᱻ
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һԼһɢսʿһûĻȻԸһǵսʿ
Ͼϰ߾ֹĶְ½ףԼϼĻΨһѡǸ̻ߡ
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벻ַ㲻ֶѣһ֣ͰѵһŮнˡ
˲ò࣬Ķ뿴̻ͳ⣬Ǹ¹ڲģ̻ҲûͳĶһ޳ܵƶϣһ̻ûд·˼ˣûͳ
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ַ뿪̻ۡ׵ʱС丱ٴӺ׷˵˼仰ǳ»оˣĻͿʾˡ
ַ˵ͷսﶼҲ˹ƼĵطһǿҲ޷ɱйޡ
ʱҪˣҲַ֪ľص֮ûȥԭڡ
ֻƾһˣҪǶ԰СȻһˣϲ
ĶС伱ææ˹˵˼仰˺ʲôʲôģΪַ̻Լ´Լʱ䣬ԱǰԵ
ɵðַ̻ȻһԼκˣԤһεʱ䡣


31  
һ磬ִӪļƻȻ׼ʹַ㲻ò̻
ôж˵һľˣǾ˾Ҳûǿİ
ǰٸĵͼڼϺ̻˻ƵĸϸСͼַӸһСȥѰ䡣
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Ȼ˾ΪҲ棬ҰΪӾͣǾȴʼûô飬˾ԱҲɴ˵¸
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죬ַȴһǧ˶ʱ޷Ĺһδ̫ˡ
һǿߣȻ˵еַҲǸǿߣ̻˵Ĺϵټȷ˧ʹúܶΪ̹ܽٵλãǿ˲ݵȹϵ
ַɱǣǿˣҲû˸ôˡ


32  ɥʬɨƻ
ַֻȡˣʿ˵ͷװܷ
˶ıʬ壬Χʿо¶˾ϲ֮ɫͷİٽأеӪʼһҲάһһģ޵⣬ѹɣӪǿڸУ˲һ㡣
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33  
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ͷԵúִֻܹǷַ˵ģǾӵ𣬾ǲǰѸеɥʬˣ
û
ˣ˵һ㣬û˸Ҷ˼˵˷
ַͻȻһ˿һԵĶ֣ʤһַһŭ֮½ͷһȭԴ
Ȼͷִܹվַ࣬ɱЩĹˡ
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ĶͬĿ⿴ͷַıӶˣʱ㻹죬ˤϼ߹Ҳǻã˭Ƣô
УַٴϤÿоѵʱǰΪѪѾ棬ʱΪԼⱲҲǸЦŮˡ
ȴԼʱͻȻǰܲϲ
ַ㽫һͷƮ˵Ůӵ˻УϸĿµ٣ʯʵ˵ţʱ˲١ΪԼҲҲˡ
磬һ֮ǰҵõһĪĵ绰˴ķˮסңܲȴ˵ͨ粻ãҲ̫أҷҪסͽסһ¥ļв֮Уұסˡסܲأܲôڵذ˯ˣܲõġ
Դϴνַĵ绰֮Сĳ˼ʮķˮסȥ
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ܲΪСѾͷǿӿˣֵľٶֲסңǽȥ¥ļвС
ҹͷ£ܵסļв죬Ȱȥ
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ٹȥĽַһɥʬɱѪһضǣŸо˲ٺһס˼вС
вȫˮעģȻвɥʬŶ룬ɥʬ£ȴûзĻء
ַһʿʽУҲûзš
веͷǹ漴뵽ɥʬǲῪǹģĪǾˣҪԼȴ˸磬ٺַˡ
ݵľϲַ֮ſ˻еǸȻ˵Բ𣬸ղŵǸᡣ
ᣬͷϵĹͷһ㱻ˣ⻹ᣬôô󣿡
ܲ
ĿǸͷ˵ˣȻֻһˣȴѿɰԼŮ
һͷԹʲôˡ
Ȼʵĩ֮ǰ͸СѾͷ绰Ҫд·׼ôʳδ֪֪ĩ٣˵˵ôһ𣿡
֣ʤ۾ҲƾֱҲµַ֪һУ˲Żĩ׼˳ַ֣ԼΪʲôԤ֪ĩһʼؿƿôַҲش
ͷĻҲַô˵
ʱַһѪĴ𰸡
ַֻƽ˵δ֪ûɣǴˡ
ΣַҲǾй¶Լ飬ҪȻȻ󲨡
̹٣ˣд޳Ｏᡭ
ȫϣһɱȥ
ַ֮УֻҪһǹƱػᾪɥʬޣʿ㿪ǹԭ򣬵СУôɥʬҲֻûǹɨ䡣
ֻеɥʬӲܽȥˣȻѾҵˣܱߵĹ޾ٵΧҲûʲôãԼ㲻ɱ⸽ĹޣͻΧӦȥûʲô⣬ߣСϺǰ濪·
һǧ˻Уַ棬ĻϹ޵Χ󲿷Ҳܼʱоʿижѡ
ͬʱ뵽Ҳַֻĳ٣Ż˰ϧµ
ˣֻԼǰ棬ٵʱΪԼܹƽµ˵ڻңǵססޣΪԼӮøʱ䡣
ַôһϰΪԼܹͰѱ˵ơ
ƽȣһһַ㶼Ĺ۵㡣
һԭǣ̻˵һŽΪԼܹһǧȫҰ⣬Ҳ̫Բ̻ˡ
һϳϵԭʱĿǰĹа
໡
໡
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˱ɫЩǣжٵһͷǺһģһһôࡣ
Щʿ֮УҲһЩ̹Ⱥǵһϴ䡣
ȻַɱһͷǣǿһȺУҲһ
׼
űҲˣһ޶ǶȺĹ޵ΧǵһϣԶϣ֮ǹȻʲô顣
¡
¡
ʮųĺɫβͣȺǡ
һըȻٱǱڵУ屻˳ȥǳһͷͬʱȫĹͷ֮⣬ıȴȥϵӵѪȫȴ޶ԣֶֻ顣
мʮ±ŵøεѣ˶飬ƴĳԶȥ
űɱһ˿ɱеػǹЩܵʿսݣӱҲûʲô˵ģֻȫɱ
һֻĴȴ棬ס˻ǹ׼ǡ
űһ漴ʵ̹٣
ַΪʲôôЩܵʿֶһɢͻһɢɳջᱻȺȫԵ
ַ̾һ˵ܲˡ
һǽϸߵıϰȺʳַ϶ղųֵļʮͷǾ֧ǵȫ
Աǲǻۣһɳ󲿷ֵ֧ͬ飬һֻ֧ܵСʿһ֧ǱıǱûЩˡ
Ǽʮ±Զ飬ҵѴ֮ʣ֪ӺδܳͷǣڲʮӵʱǼʮӱ˵ڵأȺҧ˺
ν棬ȺҲ֪ǰʳֻҪҧǵĺǾͻں̵ܶʱѸǲѡ񹥻ĺ
Щ±ȻЩҲԶǹǾ˻ûü㱻ҧ˺
֮ǰҴϼǹһ㲽ǹӵҲ䲻͸ǼӲƤҡ
ղЩͬǰҵĲҽ˵ĶҲһľԼˣӰˡ
ȴûߣΪһ󲿶ӷ뿪ﻹҪΣյĶࡣ
ַһ˿ΪȺʿŭʵϾһĳɱ¾ѾüΪǿΪʿеʹ˵սͻˣҲǱȻ飬ȴȺǵײиŭˡ
֣ʤȥͲ׼
ַĻ֣ʤҲδ룬ֱӽӹһʿĻͲ׼˿˹һͷǣ׼


34   һǧʨ

ַĻ֣ʤԥĿ۶˰޴Ļųβͣǰһͷǡ
Ȼ֣ʤɾרְĻֶΧʿȻ۵֡
ǻûǸղһ̣ʮŻֻ֮ǽȺǴڵأȴûне龰
ȻЩʿֵַܵзĻͨʿĻӦûʲôͬɣ
ղô޹ѵ֣ʤܹ졣
֣ʤʱַ̣Ҳ߽ӹһܣȻ۶ͬʱ
ͬʱһȴڻͲ΢΢һģһɾ޴ӳ˻Ͳĵҩϡ
漴ŻԱȷŵĻҪѸٵĶٶȣ˺ƿķ˳ȥ׷֣ʤǰĻ͵ײǰǿŻβ
ܵ޴ƻǰǸͻȻ٣ֱӽǰͷǵԴ򱬡
֣ʤٴαȻַ֪㾫ͨһǹڷĿǻѽͨӵȴȻܹһ㣬ʲô̬
ʿַʹ˸Ѷȵһ漴ˡ
ַ򳣳һ˵ʵȻɵӵʹһǹʹûָѶȼȴǵһΡ
һУһΪ𾴵ǰһ仰Զ壬Ǳı
ֻҪַܳǱܣܱ˼еıҪǿ
Ҳ⼸ڵ໹޷⣬ĩڣǿ߶һ㡣
ʱ࣬ǻ۵ıޣԼ忴֮ء
ĩڵһͷһצץһɽһǿԻһ޳ǱⶼǽӵµЧ
Ǳȫʤһб
ղַڷͲʱ򣬸ǽؼУŻﵽЧ

֣ʤ䣬ַһգۼ䣬ɱʮͷǡ
ʣµļʮͷǼͷͷıǺһҴʮʧӰ٣ֻڵʮ߱ǵʬ塣
˻ַĿҲÿ
ɣֻµһҲһ㡣
ҲԺ󣬵ַ㽫һﲢĴڣԼסˣԺҲüˡ
ʮʿǰЩǵʬװܷ֮УѸٺˡ
ûԶ㱻ϰͷɥʬΧסˣֶ֧ѵĲӣ
ɥʬȻǣɥʬֻ֪ѪѪıʹǲŹκ
ַ㰵̾ϢԼôôմȺǣһȺɥʬ
ɥʬֻһٶһŻԸ㶨һֻССɥʬ󣬵ޣѾĲˣڸɵʮͷɥʬ֮ʿĻͲһûõİ衣
ʱַͻȻһʿнӹɱǿĵػǹ׼˷ӵı֡
ַ㲢ǹеרңҲֻ֪ǹԭȴ֪ͦػǹΪֲĩڡ
ֵػǹǸػǹƵģЩڵӰսʹõػǹ
ò˵ǹее츳ԶǴй޷ġ
ӰսʹõػǹҲȷװػǹǿƼѽϵĵ䷶Ҳǵһڻǹװ˸ٷػǹ
ʮǹܣ綯ǿ棬ʹͦػǹӵٴﵽһ˿ֲĵزһӾͿԷǧӵҶǼӳͣɱӵ
ֻҪػǹˮǽĻ༸ӣͿԽһˮǽ˺Ƭ
ػǹﵽ˶ٶ๫ǿ׳ˣûһϣҲԲͦרҵԼǿػǹ
ʩǿ̬һ֮ʹרҵԼǿĻǹֻӰƻС˵С
ػǹһ¶ǰװװ׳;ϣĩ٣˶ѸٱǿһЩǿ׳ʿԾػǹҪʹãҪ˰æġ
ػǹļԺǿһʿʹãǿɨ䣬Ҳ޷׼Ŀ꣬Ҳͦػǹйء
һӷ伸ǧӵػǹԵ˻ȥ׼ǲЦء
Ե˵ĳ棬ֻп۶ˮкһӵὫǰж˺ƬȻָֻ֡
һ㣬ַҲòй˵ķоҿɽկҲΪʲôйѧĵʮԭڡ
ÿѧдһƪģйм٣ǧ˽ƬԼӸĶԼоɹ
ר֮ģ˼ңȴԶԶ޷˼ȡ
ӵרң
ַеĵͻȻŵӵŶ漲۶ȥĽͷ׷׵أһƬһƬĴԴ
Ϊܺõľ˶Ĵˡ
ػǹԣ޷ȷ׼ɢĵͷҲ޷Աֵ˺
ӵ·۾һ㣬ȺֵԴϣڲһӵʱÿͷֵԴ˼ǧӵ
ȻһʼЩӵ޷ֵԴУһһӵԴڲظ˻
˳Ĭ˿ɣַһ˵һ֧񲿶ӣǿˣôأ
űǰһдĿҪʿ֣ʤá
Ϊȫһ֣˵һֱַڣڣ˴ѵˣһĮ֣ʤһ˿ˬ֮⡣
Ⱥʿ˿֪֣ʤеı뷨֮һһǰ޸˺ˡ
Ͻߡ
ɥʬȥǵѪҲо綾˱֮⣬޷ʳãֻг
Ķ֣ʤǰһٶͷֵռ
Щֶַһɱģַ㽫Щ˽̣Ҳ˵ʲô
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ȺʿٺˣֻҪǻصǰͿԽþصϣ֮ǣϾҪԶ˵ҪĶࡣ
ֶ֧ѵĶ鲢û߳Զ·ʮ̹һ𿪶ӿһгĹ޽١
ַüͷȻи԰Լķʩûڶ¶ζôᱻȺ޲ͣں׷أ
˵ԼԼٲҲߵһһоΪʲô
䣬ַŵ˶ƮһֵϢ
͵һ𣬲µԭԭԼĶкȺ֮ɢζʹ֧ʼձ¶ڹ޵Χ׷½֮С
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ͣһʨӴ˽ٱַϴοϵ۽ɱͷ컢ҲûôӴ
ȻһǧĹޣڲĩ£½ôôǿĹ޳֣
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ĩ³ôǿĹޣȫϺѽһһôôĲͬǰַѾûʱЩ
һ󰧺Уʮʿͷʨһĳ࣬ʺѪˮͷʨֵצпһееͷʨȴûκηӳ
צ΢΢һ̣ʮʿ㱻ӽʨֵһӽЩ˵顣
ַֻһۣ֪Լеĵͷʨβ˿вԼİٵ༸غϣᱻͷĳһࡣ
˿뿪֣ʤĶҲҪ뿪һ£ҾĲǡߡ
ַеĵƵĶǵصӵֱıʨ֡
ͷʨֵ̫ǿӵ޷ڣӵĹ֮£ʨֵǰŲȴӻ
űɫ԰ף֪֧Ŀǰ޷Ĺ޿⣬ַ㶼ܡ
ַҪƾԼסͷʨ֣Լ֧ܵʱ䣬űмĿַһۣвʿΪ֪ͷϵ´˳˵


35  ô

ߴʨ˵ַǰһַϣͬһƬҶһɨ˳ȥ
ͬʱͷʨðԶ϶˵ɶ񡭡࡭
ܵľʹбˤŤεĵַ㲻£зͻȻЦ
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ЩЦСձ˵Զдձһ㣬຺ֻܶдһ룬Լ󣬲˵ձ֣ͼйʦȥѧǸѧĴ֡
ǰʨ֣Сձ˵д֣֮ͬ
Ǹδ֪أ
㡭ֻİٵ㡭ǸСϡѵ˺𣿡
ͷʨҲȷнʱ񣬸ǿĹҲᳬٵ㣬ȴﵽһǧ㡣
ǵñǸոսʱһȺΧһȺ븽ľӣΧ֮£ǧ˵ĲӼɱһ롣
ǣͷӳһŻð̵һ
йȤΧǸһ￴֣ܲܳԵʱǸȴ˲˼
׹Уй޵嶼һֱֻӸƽ·Ĵһ㻯Ϊ˳
ڰ׹ıԵڼǵ׹֮󣬷ܳ˼ʮű뱻׹
ͬȫ˰׹Уȴں˵֮£ڵһǿ˺ü
˴֮ͨϸеĲƬŵ֪
ͷɱй޵İ׹һСͺ˵ģǴνл֮һ仰ǾǴѲк󸣣Ҳɴ˳˸ǿĹ䡣
ȺԵıǣ޴֮ǰҲֻɪɪвһ˿ķ֮⣬ҲΪԼǵĳҪȻԼͬ鶼ˣΪʲôԼûأ
ڶϣ֮Ŀ־壬ҲΪʲôôǿȴûй򱱾ǵԭڡ
Ե뼫ߵǻۣһѡַǱԺ೤ս
ļƻûչһͻȻಿӡ
һʼ֮ʱֻǰɳΧЩ࣬ȻȺ˸仨ˮȴ֧ӵĴ
ٺɥʬ˵أ֧ӱһսⳡս֮ʹȷ֧ûֿµĻð׹ĶеΧЩˡ
ȴַһ˵һ˵˭һŵĻַϿ˶飬ȷϲûк֮󣬱Ц
Զľ˱ʨֵЦ֮иӿ־壬һܵĸˡ
ȴĶ֣˵Ҹ粻°ɣ
֣ʤַڻɱ컢ʱֲֿһԽӿڵģһûյ飬ɱͷʨ֣Ҳȫ˵ġ
ű¶ɫַȻǿ󣬵ǿ״̬Ҳİٵͷʨǿ̫࣬ǵһǿҲֻĶӡ
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ɡ
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ǣôһΣյļһԼģʨоԼһ֮һ飬ԺҲ顣
ϴſ˺˵ľӣжû־
ܡͷ֮оԼҲԾܾܵջ
ûüܣеַѾˡ
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ΪʲôΪʲôͻȻǿ󣿡
Ϊҽַ㡣
ַ仰֮󣬱ʨеĹâûκɫʡ

еԪͨ򿪣ַȻץסʨֵϵƤëʮصıʨֵʬֱӽƬŤ֮У漴ԴҲ˽ȥ
ĩڣʳѾȱĩʳҪԣȻܰͷʨֵʬˡ
ȻԶһ֧ӣЩˣûйߵ£޷ͷʨֵʬرǡ
ַ㽫ͷʨֵʬսǱ֮УҲսǱй¶ȥ
ȣ֪ԼɱһͷôֲĹޣҲûе˵Զ뱱ǵĵطȡȥĲ޵Χ֮С
еȡֻҪԼ˵ʨֵʬѾ޸ˣҲ޿κΡ
һУַץס뽫ӵصȡŻսǱ֮С
˰ǰѽıȴڵص˿δ⵱ȻǱʯסˣѱ̫ˡ
һû˸ʹòѱַղҲֻǽñ϶µĹԣıʨ֣ȫͶȡɡ
ȴ޷ѱͻؿеŤռ֮С
ַ㰵Խ˼Ȼһαһδ󣬵õȻ


36  
ȻβǾͲҪ˰ɣ
Уһֻ˵ͻȻԼǡ⣬ΪڿǸһַǱģˣбõ
Ļַվڼνһ˵ҲãǾҽѽŪսǱȥɣ
˲һѪԳЦַ㣬Ϊ˳Լһֱѹƣֱ۸ڶȴû뵽ַûˣȻ˲Ǯ͹ˡ
ô޳ܣҪͯϴ˵еܰƤˣ˵еܰƤô޳ܡ
ңôһ˶βҲβ
ٻңܰŪŪȥ
ˣ㿴ôһŮǸδ꣬ôܰôصĶŪȥأɣ
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ôิӵһ𣬲ַ֪һôӦ


37  ĩ泱
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38  
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йУЩֻһȺζʳɥʬӬǱӬ֣ǶһʳͶ


39  
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ȻַޱŷȺӬѾ˹ٲûлˣԼһ汳Ķôˡ
ַĮ˵ٵһܿͳˡ
ޱ޼ʵɥʬӬͻȻƵɥʬӬ߸߷𣬳ӵıӬȥ
ȺɥʬӬζʱȴͻȻ˴ıӬ֣ɥʬӬ⣬ΪЩӬԼʳģ˲źԥذѶԱӬչ˹
ɥʬ˵κϢﶼζȻǰһ࣬άʱȴʹǷȫͬı仯˲ͬĽ֮·ֳɥʬӪ
ɥʬû˿ԥȺﵱ˳֮ζ
ӬеĿȴǷе࣬ҪȻҲɵΪǸһЩıǶԷѪɥʬԱܵĿ־壬һ£Ǹµɥʬ
һˣɥʬӬǱ޷ࡣ
һᷢʲôַҲ֪ȻӬֶٶɥʬӬȴûжӵǻһۿԿģӵѪҺɥʬӬṥӬ֣Ҳ֮С
֧صĺײһʮɥʬӬıӬڿչѪȵɱ
ϲʱбӬɥʬӬʬӿ
һʼµֻʬ壬еɥʬӬӬһɥʬϵĺѪӬϵĺɫѪҺ׷£ʪ˸ĵ棬κ˼˶øֲ
յѪսӼңǧɥʬӬӬ屻Է˺Ƭﲻ䵽˵ϡ
ȻӬֵǿһЩɥʬӬȴռ˾ƣҪɥʬӬȫԼֻ֪ƴɱ
Ӭܣ׷׳һˡ
ɥʬӬȴѾɱۣں׷ᡣ
һṦûɥʬӬӬֱʧĸɸɾȥĵطɱˣصĹʬȴչʾ˸ղѪսļҳ̶ȡ
жлЩӬļʱȻǵĿ֧ӣǵͻȻȴ֧ӽڸתɥʬӬ
ַ㿴űһ˵ԺлȥǸظˡ
㲻һǸŮ˵ظȾ˸󣿡
Ȼ̻ĳ٣ѪսַѾϤˣټַҲôڹټӣеַ㿪Ц
Ȼˣ̻ǰ˵ԼĳǸظĻֻ̻͸˺ˣȻҲпܸ
ַߣűĻǶԵĴ۾ĸˣȻû˵۾ȴѯʵ˼
űŷһԵСѾͷַӣԼղҲ˵ע⣬Ȼַǰ˵ֵ׵ĻѽϽ˻⡣
˿ʼɨսɥʬӬӬڵȫ˳
ɥʬⲢʳãȺӬֵʬȴսմȾ˴ʬҲʺʳá
ʿȴںЩصʬдԼмˣҪɱٹ޲ܵõڣûһǹһȴõһӽֵ۲Ƹ
һ£սĻϼҲɱôĹޣַ˷ַȥϢȥ֮ʿһġ
ַ㣬Ҫ˵õôˣַ۲Ƹӵ޿ĴȨ
ȴЩ˷ָеʿʿеľñգв˼ӵһҧԷ
Щˣ˺һϽڲ֮⣬󲿷ֱӹЩͨʿÿ˶ֵ˽ٿŵˡ
ЩˣЩͨʿͿԿٵǿԼͨ˵õ룬ʹԼڶ֮ʳǡ
һЩʿԼĩлסϣ֮ȴҪΪ˹Լ˶ʳѶա
ֻҪЩ˷ȥͿʹԼڶʱ֮ڹϺӡ
һУַǵģҲһ̣ȫŵ˳׳ַң֧лŵĶ飬ҲԺзҫ۵Ĺâ
Сʱİ棬ǲҵ˵ľھĺУȫŵ˸߲ҵĻص˱ǡ
һصжȻһսУַʾԼǿŰ쵼ȴûнרŵĻӭʽ̻ȴӭ˳
űϽǰ㱨˹һĿбӵģǶ˵ĴظϿһۡ
ַӢµɱǣɱʨ֣ɹɥʬӬӬѪսʹ֧ƽ
⣬Ҳַ˵˵Ұⲻѳְ
̻Ů۾ˣͬʱһĮַϣַľϲѾһӳⲻһС°ˣȻһӳϡ
ַԶϣ֮ǣһμΣյľжΪȫõַӵһע˵˾ķԣһ֧ȥӪӡ
ԱϷ鱨ǵַ֪Ұ˺ܴ鷳ʱΪַǲܻˡ
ҲΪִɳһ֧ӣ֧ӵȫûܵѡ
ȴû뵽ַ㻹ǻˣһͷǿĲ˼ıʨ֣·泱ļй֮£ȻܹŻ˾ˣϲ⡣
ԼĶעӮˣȻӮľգԼϾӮˡ
ԼСַ㣬˵ԺԿ
ַʱֱ̻ͨ
˵ͣŮ֪ҪӮַΣӸùϵӹٽӺһЧ
ͬʱһľͷɥվһǰ
Ǹ˿һϵĲϣޱʵ˵ģ
ȻжĻ˵ĺƽȴľĸо̫ǰжôϲŭ޳ˡ
ڶ΢ЦһҲʹɱ֡
ڱڣȴû˸ˣΪһ࣬Ǳ޿ĵһǿߣһ˾ǵˡ
ɱ˴Ҫɣ¶ԷļﵽٽнǱľĵһɱֻһЦΪǵһǿߡ
ҲٮٮˣλĿ˵ǰ¶Էһ仰һ붯ɪɪ
Ȼֻһ֣ǴγĻԺд̫ˣٲãҲҶòһ㷴֮ġ
˾ӦòģôûΪʲôƫƫڻȴֻôһԵף֮ǻ޷˽⵽Ұ⾿ʲô


40  
Ů˵ͻȻһ˿⣬ЦӦǱַɱģҪȻôɣַļһôĵӣȻһɱеĹԱڶˣ֪ȥģҲֻºҸᰵɱҲڴ֮ͥɱҪõĶ࣬ӹƲãȻɱˣһ㵹еҡ
ֻһ˾ôʸᲢۡ˵̻һң˺üСʱַеɱˣǲֹ̻ϵŻ޼ɵ
ͻȻһ˿ŭɫȻΪ׷̻ΪɱˣȴǸظܴҲܺʹŮĪĺøС
Ҳ⽫칬ȴǰ̰̻
УѾǸ˵̻˽вƲĿ£ʱеһ䣬ֻŵ˵ְˡ
ϵŭɫͻȻȥ󵭵˵ȷˣס²ΪҪȻԶʧȥ˵Ļᡭ̫˽ˣŮˣһұκ˶ԺҲϣκҵǰ̰
ְ֪ˡ
˵Ұ⣬ɹƿӵζɢȥԲʮĹ޶ıȥҵԤƣôĹΧ֮£ַ˵ʲôҲûŻŶԣƫƫˡ
ȷڻӪ˵ЩʿȻ˵ɱһͷһǧĹޡ
ҡҡͷ˵ܣչ޵ĽٶȣĿǰǿĹҲܳ߰ٵ㣬һǧĹĿǰӦûڣĴڣҲᱻǡϣɱһǧĹޣӦҥ˹ΪƣĿǽɵһġܹܿ泱֧Ĵ˻ҲǸѵõ˲ˡ
ĵһ֮˲żüãרӦоУſԵóĿǰǿĹ޲ᳬ߰ٵĽۣȴ˺˵еķ䲨Լٹ޵Ľٶȡ
Ӫܹܿ泱ҲǶôǡ֧泱һ𣬲ɱűǶһ٣ַǲ˲ʲôϵ
²ܿ棬˵ôĺַնĻа˴˵ȷǸ˲ţһ㲻ۡȻǸ˲ţ͸ΪãҸȥַټǵĵһ¡
ǵһأ
ڣûܹܾǵһ룬˲ʶʱĻ͸Ѱֱɱˡ
˲ţһֻѡһΪãܱԼõˣֻɱˣʡı
ͻȻһ£ѯʵ˾ԼִеΣգΪͣǵһóĲƸ͸Ķӣ֤Ķһʳǡ
ͻȻЦ˶ѾˣóݺңǸŰ꣬ʲôɲ˵ĺӣ񲻳˴ɵˣԶҪסȻǵһеԴǵÿһԴҪõϣѾˣǻչĶӸʲôĩС˺ӶЩûõĶǱͲûϡ
ס
һİ칫һŲˮϽߵļЦַ㻹еǸʮа˾Ǳˣˣȴƽ£ˡ
ݾеʿ˵һСģһͷҧģһ㣬ųű붼֤ʵˣҿ¾ûô򵥡
һǱַɱģ벻˴󵨣ȻһɱԱһ㲻ѾķһɱĻˣ֪ôĵ
ҿַôһǵõ˵֧֣ǾͿɽۻˣҲɴһǵʱͿԳƶ𣬳ȡһλá
һУһнԼ˾һ˵˾ʵַ֤ȻǸ˲ţѴ뵽ǾУҲڱ˵ĵˡ
ַܾ̫أǰǾҲԦ˴ˣҲĽͻ϶󷴶ǣơ
нʱͷĩһʹھ֪Ļ˽½ףĳٿе϶ָ˾ƣϣ֮ǵĵߡ
ϣ֮Ǹոսʱ򣬿˵Ļ̻̣ǣƱвܣ˾һġ
ﱾǳ࣬ڶƻ˴Դ֮£ѸٳΪǵһǿߣڹΧǵʱ򣬰һصĽɫ
Ǻ鿪ʼŶƲԸ⿴һ淢չﱻһ񻰰Ĵڵʱ˫ķҲˡ
ΪоȨһ˾β󲻵֮ơ
ڣһĹϵ˵ԽԽ䵭ȴںЩھԵǰнƸ̨ȡ֮⡣
ֳַĳʾһλŸǿߣǿ߶Ұĵġ
˾ŲԸ⽫ַԼľУհԼ¾˾ı
Ǿˣκ˲ַ㣬򡭡Ը
صϣַ֮˿ںԼڱ˵۾ˣǧټƵ
ڼвһ£Լ±̫࣬ѸǿĻᱻʱ̭
ַò۵Ľϵ뵽ϡ
ڲµʱһʲôҲǵСŮΪһӵٵŮǿߣһЩенûǰŮǿ
һУĶ֣ʤ˴ˣҲԼİٵ㣬ټ˵սҲܿ죬ʵַұۡ
෴ַڿϵ۽ٶȵǲ죬ںһǧıʨϵ֮󣬲ǿﵽٵ
Ŀǰϣ֮ǣٵҲʵľǿߡ
ַһпƷƽ˾ӪһݶӵȴһıС
죬µٶԣһɱҲջСɱͷٵıޣֻɱ˼ͷɥʬ
سǵʱȴڵһصĳǰһЩ鷳Ȼ鷳ҲԤı
ǰǸǵӪĶӳ
ʲôÿģǳ˸Ӹһ㣬Ȱһ㣬ҲûʲôõģڻֹǸõĿǲԶˡ
ȻǸõĲԶˣǸõĹļ˵¯࣬˳ζ֮󣬻ζҿϵļɲԶˡ
سŵٿ֮󣬹øԻﳰ
翴˵ľһۣ˶ųľΣȻһеһ˿أسŵĹһ㶼ݶӵĶӳΣųְλԭó
Ҳ˵ַһĶԹ֪Щǹ£Ϊ˲ַ鷳ֻĮĿһۣ˵ߡ
Ȼ統ʱӳʱ䲻Ѿﵽ˶ٵ㣬ԶһųΪûмӣܵЩײʿӵ
֮һ۾ж˻һ£ǾԸҰǰųͷ硣
̾һԼַ˸ϣ֮ǣȻ̻չˣڳĸοһӷͻճԿֻԼ
ǿѹסԼеŭ𣬳ȥ
ĩĲпᣬѾŮѧ͡
һų粻ǣϵĳ֮ɫԵų˵֣˰ɣǾ͸ʲôҲǣ˶һڣŵַǸûͷС˶ӳλá
ԭǻǸǸģϵļҲǿȥôͰַǸСסأ
ǿȥǻѽַǸʳļһԼ㵽һ𡭡
粻ǣǵְλԼߣֻҪԼǷ˳ͻԷԸԼһ·ϵþԼ
ǼȻַ㣬Ͳòͷˡ
ļǵãûַ㣬Լ˶ˣԲάԼȴκַ㣬һֶУһ͵Ůڷŭˡ
Ƥ˵ʲô
ڷзһ˿Ц⡣
ǵĿľΪ˼ŭǰŮԱַ
ڼŭǣͬʱߵǰ
֣ǲǸССĶӳ˵ֵޣ
õĺѽȻô˵ֵܾͽ֪ʲôŽޡ


41  
ųһֱһ磬ԱҽʰԷ˶һۣһһңͬʱ繥
һ˳ؿץŮݣһиԵ֮
һһɲ޳ܵĶı飬ĻŵʿǸðɡ
һ죬ҲĶŭˣ֣һƻزľٵϡ
¶İͬһǿһ͵߳
ͷѵͬʱһٵۣһٵСֱһֱǣŤȴﵽ˾ʮȡ
ɲΪңСȹֱӴļ⣬˺ôһأɭɭĹͷ͸¶棬ģ֮
Լ߳״СȣٹȻԵú磬ֻһҽУʹû˹ȥ
ľٵ״ֻԺһ㣬ȻʹĽĸףһֻסԼĴڣ˼ĿһУĶͷϻƶСĺ׷׹˵¡
ھԵȺ壬ӸĻᲢ࣬ٲŲ˽ʵ
ǵӡУŮиʮҲͲˡ
ٵȴﵽһٵ㣬ֹ֮£ʮɰսһизˣס֮󣬴صһٰ衣
ַ֪֮ԸһһҪˣʱһ˾ͿԴݵˡ
ȴû뵽ŮоȻᱬ˿ֲһ֮㽫ǴöֶϽš
úá
ֵľҧߵ۹иǺâͬһͷ˵С
ĿѾ˹ȥĿľһۣЦһ˵ǵﱾСֽ̹ٵ³Ϊ䣬ߡ
Цǣ·ϣҲߣ
ʹһɫʿͬʱѺڶǹڶ׼磬ֻҪһЩ˱ԥĿǹ
ӸҴǵųһĻǱСǴӡ
ģǵһ۸ˣ񼼲ˣһң˵ǵˣǣЩƴˡ
ӪһݶӵȫǹϵƣŵĶٶʿΧסˡ
ųֻס磬ȻӪȻ˶࣬ȴΪӪ˸ǶŸɡ
ЩʿȫųľΣƵıѵһ˸Χסˡ
˸첲ų𣬷ŭ˵ǸʲôҹһȥõһųɱǵĶӳҲûʲô˵ģǸҶǹǵĳ٣Ҫ췴𣿡
˿ЩʿҶôнɽεȼǼΪɭϣȻһϵͳľְء
ҾԷΪְǧ޲ˣЩʿΪôĺ·ϣΥľ
ʱǹЩǹȫ˵ĻҲΪά͵ׯϣ¾ֵ˾յĲþҲ·ϣջᱻϽ̼ܶЩʿҲᱻϾ¼
Щʿȴûз±ӵǹţΧĿȻš
Ҳʲô٣ֻҪҶǵĶӳǾ͸ұ㡣
б¶ǵĶӳһָԣʱһࣿ
ųɫѿû뵽ŵ˲һµĶӳõôصӵģֻҪԼҪǿץĻֻҲĿ
ˣȫˣǸǹָǵĳ٣ֻƾһ·ͥԽȫǹС
ųвûʲôãһݶӵȻޱĶǹŵʿš
ٸڶǹָԼųеԼܵ˼衣
ΪһųľʦˣҲҪٸӣϾһܲһ
ȺʿȴΪһŮˣϧǹָһ֮ȴް취ֻĿԼ衣
ʲô£Ǹʲô
˵ųһϲѾ˵ǵһãٽʦݣԼҪǿ̫ࡣ
ĵһݶǸҲҹȻٽĸ߹ٶԿųĵһ
ǹҷˣûĹսȴﶷʲôӡ
һݶӵʿĵķеǹȻΪ˰Ķӳųľٽа壬ڽʦûκεԷԿ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ʦǳЩʦȨҲΪͨĶӳΥ˾ͣȫն࣬͵ش磬ʿҲʲôֵĶ
ĸǹŽĻǱǹȻķѣϣ֮ǣȫ࣬˵ٶװԶԶǣĴԿֻǡ
ų¶һ˿ϲɫǽŮץȥԼû񣬷˴
·ԼֿˣҲã·á
ǰѸղŵһ㣬û˵Լ磬ֻ˵·ϣ޵Ĵһų
һӳȻҶų֣ˣˣҴصһ
ӪȫɵۣǵٴҲҹȻĽа塣
ҲͷŹųѾΥ˾ͣǰʦĦĻԼ³ܲңַ㡣
Ȼ֪ԼֻҪ˵һһûкùӳԣΪеǸˣȴû˵ʲô
õļױǰ뽫ȴͻȻһڲԶ𣺡˭Ҷҵˡ
ַ㲻֪˹Щǰ
ղڳϵһ˾֮һͷʿѸȥ¼ʱַ֪ͨ㣬ַô
һüͷһαַ㵱֮һֱģַȴ˵ڰ֮ǰڳսдŹʣɱıһͷ˵ﵽһǧĹޡ
ھжһ˵Ǿڵָ裬Ѿǿ󵽿һ˾ԱҹᲢ۵ĵزˡ
òַ㣬ַǰǿҲ͸ǡ
·ϣжôֵɣ·ϵΥ˾ͣԼôȫڵվסţá
ֽ̹٣ȻǹȥЩ죬ȴûð˼µŮ˵һųҪΪԼַľٶܵͷά͵ϣֽ̹ܹһС
һΣַ㵹ǵ˵㣬ûйزɷԲһҲȷվ˵һߡ
漴˵磬֪ʲô𣿡
ӿһ˿ɬԼΪŴųҲָԼôҲԣΪǰ;ľ٣ܲΪԼһСŮԻǰ̰ɡ
ִ磬ҽ̫嶯£Ըκγͷ
ַɫÿһ㣬˵Һƣղ㣬ȴΪʲôֻǴǵһȣһֻ֣
ַϬĿ֮ոʿ̧ŵųΪռ˵ЩĶųһۣһһٵ˵㡭ղűԥǡ


42  
Сĸַϣͬʱ̾˺Զ֪ʲôк£ûаǿĵһŭ˾зϣǸʲôˣѵһ֮У֪ʲôк£
ڵٵˣ
һֱĬַͻȻһ仰ԴԺ˵Ѿﵽ˶ٶ㡣
ֻͨ࣬Ϊͨ࣬ĩѾǺܲˡ
̫ҪԼĩ֮ǰͻƵİٵϡ
Ϊʲô·֮ǰﵽİٵأ
·ݵʱ򣬱ǽӭһǰĴսʱС˶䡣
ַ˵仰ʱ⣬·˵һԼ޹ص飬˵ȴƫƫϵϣ֮ˡ
ַԸȻһССַ˵ĩ·ݵʱ򣬱ǻһսĻĻⳡսһʮֲֿھǳڲսǴ޹ǣͲö֪ˡ
ڲĩ£ַô֪ĩµʱ򣬱ǻдսأԤԣҲԤԵ̫Զ˰ɣ
֮Уעضĸ»ǾиǾۼ˴ĩǰıרңǸǻ˴Ժɱ޵ʽս̣ǾĸĿǰҲӦˣʱȥ֪ͨнȥҹ๺ּڣ·Ժ󣬾Ϳϴó´ʿ
Ŀɿڴ֮УȻԵҹעضĿ߾ֿܼɱ޵ʽ뿪Ӧýеļأַǲ֪ġ
ڸӵкܴԣҲûϱⷽϢ֪ҲǺַܶ࣬ȴһ˵˳·ϣ֮ҿһ㡣
ѵĳɹƳԶʤļ𣬿ǾƳôֱ˷أ
Ȼַ㽻ˣҲֻȥַ֪ûõ顣
Լ֪ʽ飬ַûжĽʲô
˵Ҳ޷һУȻˣװʲô֪ûг׼֮£ͻȻȥʿһ֡
ַ㵣ĵһǣһ֮У֮סҪǵһĹͣһĹϵܺá
һ֮ȴ˺ܴĦﻹ᲻һƴս˵ԼҪ׼
Щ£Ȼһļ䣬޹ǵľʱĩһ췢ģһ죬йͻȻۺһ𣬶Աչ˷Ĺ
ǵһȻյֵס˹޵ĽǾĸ֮Ҳʧأڹ޴֮ǵ˿һһ˲ʮ򣬶ܶĩڹâҲһս֮С
ǿĵһһսʧأ෴䱸˴ڵĵȴû̫ܵĴ
ȻҹϧֿԹ̶ڳͷĴͼڣΪְҵˣ˵ƷǺֵó޵ģֻҪֵܲӿóһݺʽҲ᲻Է
Ȼˣּڵļ۸Ҳǹףʽл˴ѪȻҪϱַ̻Ҳôġ
ҹžõĽڲ٣û˽ֹʮǿʽԸ˹ͬƷǵõݽͨʿһ¾
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ݸŲʽأʣĿǰй޿в±ǱˣҲͻΧȥµ˿¡
ĳһ˵ڵǱȿʽҲõĶ࣬ĩڣеսǿ˵ⲫս
ҪԭǺǿ̫죬ȴٶȣĩڵľӣȫ˶ȱʹá
ڵǰȱȴûеǿɱ
صϣ֮ַĶ֣ʤ˿ʼȫԼڳ泱ǵõ˴ˣȻ󲿷ֶͨʿһЩǿȴԼ
ô˵֧֮£ַ˵ڿЩ˵ٶȣһĽࡣ
ȻˣֱַֻӹϽĻڡ
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ַһ¹޹ǵʱ䣬Żһܵʱ䣬һΧǵӣǽֲѪȵһսϾҪʼˡ
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ΪַεʢĶ֣ʤȻҲȱϯ˿ַȻҲĬЦʱ񿴸һ㿴ַ㡣
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ȻһԶԶַ㣬ַȴԼﶼ£Ȼ
ϴлͷˣʡĽޡ
֣ʤһ䳰ȷҪдһսø㣬Ҳ㵽ʱͷ
֣ʤԼԼĶкƿڴԼûԵļһ֮˵ʹԼһ١
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лģֻҪʰһܿʱŹŹʵʱˡ
ĶͻȻ˵ǴţѣҪ˵Ըˣ֣ԼԶԷ
벻ַҲ֣ʤôɶ񣬳û侮ʯԼ뵽ĶͻȻ档
һ˵ַ㣬֪棬һãֵַܳһ𣿡


43  ָʾ
Ǿͳȥɣ
ַһţĶ֣ʤͼֲˣַһ̳ϣ֮ǵ˾ƴһ࣬Ƕ˿ľȡ
ӵ·ͲܰճƲ⡣
磬°ɣ
籦ʯԣǵ֮ɫ
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Ȼ򲻹ǸڵһպյĶȴΪַܣҲΪַԶԷòΪûмַйһεá
϶Ϊϴ᲻ɱǸļһ
⻹ϻд粻𣿡
ֻǲ֪ǴͷؿϴѪ
ȻǴԴˣҷ˴ִ򱬱Դļʣаٷ֮ʮļʻԴ
֣ʤȻ˵ΪһרҵʿԼжϣĶȻʡ
˵ϴͷˣλĵط
һҵרҵжϣб´ġ
ľͶġ
ãʮݺң𣿡
Ķ΢΢һʮݺҿɲһСĿ
úݣھʣǮˣȫѹȥ˵˵ҵ
һ̸ּУĶ֣ʤڴЭ顣
ַȻԴĻĶϵȫҵԷ֣֮ʤĶʮݺҡ
ԼⳡעĻһУʱڣȥֹչЩ¿Ůǵˡ
ЩŮĴظĴȣаԸ̾ΪȥܵĿѣҲ˸вѡ
棬κ˵һصĻ⡣
ȻΪԼĿǰܶ䣬ĩĸ˲䣬ͨʿɱ֮Ҳȥֹȷһ£Լһκ˶ѡ
ԴˣҲԣЩ޷ɱʿҹ˾ʱûŮ˸οĻ˵ͻ׷
ĶԻֹȵŮǳֻ󷽣ȥ˻ݺҵľ󲿷ֶЩŮ
ȻʱΪ˷ԼʱΪʩЩûһŮ
ҲΪʲô·ϣһЩҡҡλΣȴûʳҪŮŮǣ͸Ǵݺҵԭڡ
Ȼˣиǿ֣ʤǸزūĵУ˲Զ󱧸һҪ֣ʤϵݺȫӮȥʩֹȵŮǡ
ַϲ򱬱ԴȺãӮ֣ʤĻᲢ󣬿жԼĴǣӰһ¾ƵķչС
Ѿ֣ʤ˾󲿷ֻ֮űͺܳĴ¿ĸľģ
֣ʤûעʱ̣Ķ͵͵ַһѣ˵ϴ󣬰һ£
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һɱʱһҪԴţôظ
Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪˼ΪʴȣѪȵĳ棬ܾôըҪȴԴҪ˵һ㡭
ҼǵڹԴ˵ʱҲûнô˵ɣ
չ֣ʤǡЩĵһ䡮׳աַһ˳ȥ
֣ʤַıӰĶ߬ȭͷΪ˻ֹȵЩŮǣһҪӮ㡣
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⵱Ȼ˵ľαȱ˸ߣɢŵڲͬǿϢۡ
ַ㰵Ե˵ͷµһͷͻȻмơ
ַһۣɫҲЩݣ˵ʲôҲ޷⣬ǰĿ㣬òƸĹӸ磬ô˿ֲ
һǸŮ˵ϣ֮Ψһһˣ뵽жЩȻˡ
˲ò࣬ĩǰˣĩҲˡ
˫ִ󣬸ߴεӰɽ΢΢̣Ϲ˵ɵĽԸ
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ַ㣬㵱ڻɱһһż٣ֽһ˴УȫӾ;ҵһĴȥһһˡ
׵Ļֻӹ׵ĵӰУȴֻĳַǰַȴûаѾĴ
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ԶҲǵһϣҲҪ
һַͲϲİԵһŲһҾܾĺܸɴ࣬ûһء
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ĩһܾһˣڶַ壬Ŷ˵һ仰
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һиǼԴַɱһų֮ʹһ·ͥ˶ַĴ롣
ַΪǹҲ֣ҲΪַĴܿǾ·ͥȴܾ˵һַĴ롣
ʱŭĴ·ͥˣΪʲôַΥ͵飬ľ·ͥȴضַĴ
·ͥĹԱֻĮ˵һ䣬Բָʾֻ¡
һˣȻ֪Ծ·ͥ´ָʾ˭ףĸ߲ΪʲôҪӻַһɱ˷أ
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ɱǵһˣȻҪǵһƲá
Ǿ֪ոĹ涨ĴֻԱЧǵˣҪͨ;ҵĻӵо·ͥȨȻĿǰûȨ뿪
΢΢һ㶣벻ַϣ֮ǵķɿ֪ôϸ֪Ļš
ȻˣԼȻô뿪ϸԼߵĻԼָֻʾɱ
ҳԾľϤϣףΪάǵһϣǵһ˿ʲôģ˵˾ȨʲôҲûУҲɱ㡣
ַ΢΢ЦЦ˵˼˵ҪӲģðɣҸһᣬְɡ
Ķжʱޱȣ˰ҪϴѽһҪ˵š
á
̶̼仰˽⵽ַ⣬Ҳַ֪ǸЭˣԼô˵ҲЭ
ˣֻгɱ
͵һϰʵļͻȻ¡𣬲ϰľװһӳű
£ļ߸߹𣬷·ͭˮԶԶȥˡ


44  ڰǿ
аɡ
˶Ƹסˣʱһó֣ϵƱˣǰ
ַȴûһ˿ֻ˵ôƽһ仰
ַ仰ʵ̫ƽټ˵֮ʱĮںܶ˶ΪƶԷܶΪᱻַ̫һ仰ıס
ȴûκηӳȴһ˿֮ɫ
Ȼûг֣Ѿ˶һּΣյϢסϢǰֻŴΣϢȴΧ
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ĳٶʵ̫죬ֻǿһīɫĲӰַ㡣
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ۼȭǰַһˡ
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һŭٴַ㡣
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ʮα֮ڸϵЩߣͣһ¡
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ᣬַȻ޳ܣȻԼеİˣ˵ҪͨԼĥһĹ·ѵӻｻôĶ֡
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ǰɱʤɱҵһųΪʲôɱңַ㣬ڲɱңҽʱ򣬱Ź㡭
Ҳϣһ죬Ҳ㣬Ȼǽ࣬Ⱳûгҵϣˡ
ʱ΢͵ıӰĶ̾һôַûɱˣɱˣַ
ԼĶԼĶ˵ϴΪʲôɱ
ɱĻڿ׷ȥɱˡ
ַ֮ԲɱȻĴиԭ
ĩžǿһзƶҪ֮һάȶеķͷ棬ֻܱ֤һȶ󷽣ȫĹս
ɱʤɱųֻΪǶһЩСɫЩǷΪһССųԼ󶯸ɸꡣ
ȴһǵһľϣ֮н̻һĴڣԼɱĸ߼ԱĻһ˵ᶯȫɱԼ
ַǿҲһ࿹⣬ʱҲٱӻԼҲΪϣ֮ǵȶֶԸԼʱԼȫǹС
һҪԭǱǻһܵʱ䣬Ĺ޾ҪչĹսˡ
ڣԼɱһڵһžľ˵ԼǰԿ
ֻҪԼһ˵Ҳ޵սʧʱԼȫȫˡ
ĶȻ֣ʤǰЩε˵ãҶʮݺұˡ
Ϊʲôʮݺң
ղǴģ˵ϴһ˵ؿڣȻϣϴؿںݺһţȴûнԼֻӮһ룬һݺҾˡ

ַԼı֮һݵԶվ˳ղŵһˣַ㿴ˣһϳǸﻹҪֲĴڡ
ľеĳ࣬һϰںڰеˡ
һһﻹҪֲĴڣ̫͵ڱڲ֪˵Ҳࡣ
ַҲĩڣ̻вż֪һˡ
ַıӰһۣѸ뿪ֱȥϣ֮ǵľפط羰ɽ
羰ɽͳر֤֮ͨһ׼ľ񣬲˴š
ر֤ͨ˾ûУЩҲǾ˾εɵģµǰ˵ݡ
ֱʵ˾ء
˾ء
羰ɽһصĹۡдɫʵ˾Աƣϣ֮ǵĵ߿˾һۣʵǸΪô
ȷǿ󣬵ĿǰҪɱȴѡ


45  Ż֮
ַǿ󣬶Ƹʸס
׷ʵ˵ɱַ㲢ѣָսָʤ
ս֮ǿԶȵģ棬ûһ˵սᲢۣҲսΪʲôôǿǳ࣬ȴǿһأȫֵĻɱһѵ顣
Ƶͷ˵Ȼǿ߶һЩᶯҡǶԱǵͳΣҲ԰ɱĹޣֻҪǷķӣǾͿĴڣĹԽԽǿеǿȻҲԽԽáˣƾֱΪַǸʲôˣ
ԶƾĿ⣬ûһ˿ǵӿڵ˶˵Ǹɱ񣬷ɱķӣȴ˲ûд˵ôҪȻҽֱɱˣ˵ɣսǿ̫࣬ȴһ̣ҿǲִһÿԼ˾һӡ
ϣķӣҪȻҪһĶˡȴȷˣϣ֮Ǹսʱ򣬳ʿ䣬Ϊ˵ʿǵĻԣұ㽫˱ǵһս޲ʤģʿҼǵöƻҹ㣬ʱҲԹ
ǵȷҪӢۡ
ȴҪʿǸҪһģµż񣬳ľҲҪһӢ֧ǴģȷҴˣֻǿǱȴƷΪ
һַ㣬ҿǱͶ٣ﲻôĻǿԿǽϿյĲս컻ַ㣬ǻ˶ѡ
ĿǰΪ˱ǵȶǲҪ̼ҪãȥҪַţǣҰġ
һ˿ɱ漴˵ֻЩףȻ˾֪ﲻΪʲôֻҪһ仰ұԴһֱɱˡ
ԾĻû˿ĻɣȻͬǳ࣬ȴҪﻹҪǿĶ࣬˿־ǣǿĸԸĶһĬĬŵ֧ߡ
⣬˱ǸոսʱļѾ棬ʱĽΪԼǿеȨ໥һЩˣ뽫¾˾ԱıԼȥ񫡣
Щȫصʧˣ˲ô£ȴ֪Ƕ˾ɱ¡
Ƴһ˵Ϊе룬ǲߵһģȻڱúܲɱĿǰֻƺڱѡ£ǵ־¡
˵ˣľǿߣ˾ԱСһȴΪ˶ߣһĬĬŵɱ뱣ڡ
Ҳ˻ΪѪʵȴ֪ԼѪжڸոʶƵʱ㱻Ƶĸȫ۷
ڵĸŶƵǣһͬ룬ǾɱȫĹޣٽһü԰
ֽ׶Σֻڹ޵צ¹Ӳд𲽵ļȴûз
ϣ֮Ǹո齨ʱ򣬳۾ĵҪƱڳľдӢܳ쵼
ȴҰļ˲ŷ˶
ڶƵļֻ֣бֳĬַɱһųվķ棬·ͥҲַ㡣
ȴֹˣʱûȫַʵȴ뵽˾ȻڵһԿԼôһս
Ŷַ˽⣬оԼԽԽȤˡ
һĿ˵ľҲԼսַ㣬ǵЦˡ
Ҫһַ㣬һΪԼ̵ߣԼͿȡڵսλá
ң
ַʵ̻УŮûдľǴһǳɫȹ
̻صȹϣĴ΢΢¶ŰȻ¶˰ͷ߶֮䣬ڵƹµķԵЩ
ǶԻԲȸַ㿴ļΪĿ
磬ĩǰһЩݳ޷װˣַҲòϣŮȷǴʲôÿһ·ӡ
¾װ̻֮ǰŰԲ¶һСģǽ˿ҪѪ˿̻ɫģһΪԼΡ
̻Ȼش󣬵ȴϽǽΪʲôѵҪɫԼ
ַ΢Щ͵Ŀ⣬̻һЦ˵ĩǰϲһ·ʮڷģĩһǵһΰϣҴû˼͵Ϊ廳һ¹ȥĳָоҴȥһᱻЦġ
ַͷȴ˵ԭԼҲ֪ԼЩѽôƫִװձ˷
ĩǰ·Ͻ֣һᱻмݵĸ׷ġ
ⲻ˵·ôִ࣬еĴϣ·˶ȥˣȴûһܹ֮Ʒζ
·޹أֻ봩·йء
ʵ̫ˣգ˻𱬵ģʲôûӵأ
ԷѾƣһڰɣǰȵġ
̻˵һƿƵ֣ϧַѧһǸ˼Ҿȵĺһϲָ̻ͨסһƣֽ˹
̻һƣݵԸеĺ촽ǰһСѪˮһĺơ
òַҲ˰뱭ƣֺƵĶڵİ׾ˣ˺ַܶ࣬Ҳ֪ôƷƣֻ˴ڡ
̻ٴǳЦ֮䣬ǶԸ͹زҲ΢΢ҡ
ַ⿪·̽һȹ¶Ȼûô
Ʋôȵģ֮ǰҪȻһΣԱĺںϣӺƵķ㣬ȵʱҪСڣղźȾƵȫţ𣿡
ַ񺹣ͶЩǺȵĺһϲͨԺĺĻֻǰ֪ȡ
һĩлʮ֮ãҲûкȹںƣԼЩĻⲻǿԼ
㣬𣿡
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Լ峺Ŀע֮£Դɬַ㣬ٴЦЦ˵ˣҪҴɹļڣҶҹ˵ʱһ㾪ѾʣΪĲаԵףҪǵĽ黹ֻҰҴǾ
ֻǺ֪ôֱ֪ģУ޴ıʲôã
ַ̾ϢһǰҲʣԼ£Լ˵ԺŪȥǶ͸̻Լȴô˵
ҲûʲôֻǶҹ˾˺ܸȤ˲ŶעһЩ£ҶĲ²⣬ڹԽԽⱵĽ죬һעҹ˾һῪԶԸ޵ģû뵽Ĳ¶ˡ
ǺŪҰɣðɣµģ˵ڱǱٹΧǣѵҲ³Ĳɣôµ֮Ĺôأ
ַ㰵ô֪Ȼһ˼ģ˵ҲѲ²⣬֣ʤԵʱķСΧĹ޳ǸƶҲ뵽Ĺһдˡ
ʲôĹ쳣ƶô̽Աûз֣
޵࣬ǾۼʱȻܿ̽⣬㲻ŵĻ˵Զ뱱ǵɽĹ۲һ£Ĺ޾ûиĹôߣͿԷѾǹƼˡ
Ȼ·ҪϽϱ
̻ͻȻԼĴþŻ֮ĻŮʽװ
ͷһЦַ˵ȥϢֻиƷˡ


46  
̻ıӰַ㰵ԿЦ
˵ԶҲƷζĸ߼ƣ̣ԸһĶʹʹĴһܣҲԸ̻ǰƷĵĺơ
Ҳĩǰ̻ԲۺǧС㣬ĩǰָߵĺơ
ĩ֮ڳԷ涼˴Ĵ󻷾£ٸߵĺҲһֵǮЩĳУЩƲһˡ
Թʲô˾ҰԵĻζ׷
ɶִ̻˵ǿߣȻΪƷȵʲôֻҪԸ⣬ĿǰֻҪеĶûԲòġ
ǾľԺôҲΪʲôҪԼϣ֮˾ԭڣΪȨһС
Լй¶ô಻й¶ϢַҲЩǡ
һıڼͻȻӭⳡս
һǵľܵشһսʱ򣬱ǾʧӾ޴һսнʮʿ˹޵ͻ֮¡
ȻǱסˣĴȴҲ̹ġ
һԼǰΧǵϢй¶ȥʹþ׼һ׼ĸӳ㣬Ҳ٣⵱ȻȫȴȫԺľƷչΪشӰ졣
һһ̫ˣԼ޷ԺľƷչҲȴΨַ㲻ΪԺҲ޷ԤƵķչˡ
Լ̻ľӣȰȥҹﹺʽҹķ̻ԼĻɣʹһΧǵǰй¶˳ȥ
ҲһһǿҲֽȻ෴ľ棬Լıһʷ֪ǺûǻҲһУᳯԼ޷Ԥ֪ķչ
̻û˵ַƶϣ󱱾ǻһģǰĹΧǣֻ˵ַڱǣķɽдıڱǸۼ»вڱǵ鷢
ԣɽĹ޴ΧڱǸᣬ˵ʲô
޾ۼһĿֻһǾǹƱǣԵࡣ
ʵϣĩÿ֮жᷢСģĹΧǣڼʮڻ𹥻֮£նһƬ
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ЩȴڱǸЩ֮У̽С鶼ûзκ쳣
õϢ֮󣬶Ʒŭˡ
ͷΧǣǻľڵκϣ֮Ƕûϵ顣
ǰıصһι޴ĹҲǧͷңлû̫ǿĹ޴ڡ
γĹ޵Ѿﵽͷ˵ɽлдıԶԶϵĸϹ
ַǰ׵ĻȵͻȻǵʱ򣬲֪жƽڹ޵ĵһֹ֮¡
ӵܣЩֲʧĽнԱְֱһף¼á
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ͬʱɽУȻһͷǧԳ͹ޡ
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ڻҰеľӼң֮䣬ɥʬ֮Ϊʳ໥֮ɱҲӲҡ
ڼǰеı޶ʼ˷ԣѸɥʬﶼһ򾡣ڳԹɥʬ֮󣬱ֿʼΪµʳԴ
ȺԵŽľǿߣдرϣֻҪǶۣһĹǾҿĳеġ
ڼǰһСֹգǵպҲΪľȥ˴ѡ
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ַǣҰϣҲ԰ȫƵϡ
̻˵Ҽס˾Ļˣתַ̹ǰҲ˵һ仰ڰ仰͸㡣
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ҹڳסĿ˵Ҳ˾ǸַʲôڣҲʲôڣȴ㣬Ұ⣬Ǳһսսѣ˭˸սʱ̣ͱսһĻҵڻ
Ҳ֪ҹƢûԷǻһЦ̻˵нǵǰĹϵģΪʲôһҪأ
̻һԾе̵Ŀ˵Ϊʲôľ棬κҵϰɡ
˵գ̻ﳤȥҲûпһۡ
ȴ̻ߺж¶һ˿֮ɫ
ַ㣬ǸһùҪȻԼ̻ĹϵҲô
ַ㣬һŻصǡ


47  ֹŮ
磬ɻˣĶˣ㲻ڣҲ
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ڴս٣ľ˷ĦҪȻֻĹޡ
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Сһ쵽֪Ůˣҿ˴ˣù
ַĩǰĶ˽ĩսҲĺܿ죬Ǿϲ㡣
ַĶģֶԳ޼չľսеЩ˲˵ôصĻ
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ַ΢΢һǰ泱ʱűΪԼһίԼĸ͸һзѩŮˡ
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ӣĶű봦ļΪűһȥѩİɡ
ȻַĶǸӸԶЩУȴ֪ĶȻҲǸзִˣΪԴף˴
űĶҪĶ࣬˷Ħ˵˸ǹףͨǣԼһ
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ƱۣƱľҪҲĻԼٴˡ
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һ֮Уûˣûѣҹ˾ʱҲȥֵطԼ
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ֹȽǰʱֻĸоǻĸһֹȻһ̻Իͣƻͨ
ȻڳǼϡȱԴ֮һַסĸߵҲǵϲе磬ֹȴǶʮСʱƻԻ͡
ϰȷ˲ǮЩʲôҲûеŮȴѶգݺңάԼһĳԺȣҪ޵ǮҲߵı
ˣ뻶ֹ棬뽻ŷѡ
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ֵıԼϳ˲˾װī͵͵һѲȻ뿪
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ͻȻ䣬ַ͸ôǮ͸ԼǮʱûаʩı飬˸ϵ𾴡
Ȼûڻֹ£ĿĺܶڰͨʿǻƽװľԱһѡſ۵Ů˰УŮϺ֮¼ݺңﳤȥ
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ַתȥǸ뿪Ůȴ֪ʲôԭĸַ


48  ͻѽ
Ůղָķַƿһɼ˵ĺ䣬ֱ˽ȥ
һƬһˣǾš
ַȴԸокܶ˶˺ڰУɢɱȻǹѹ˺һУȻסַǿҵֱ
һĩлʮ˵ȱľǶԶںڰе˵ľԣĿǰУûܹǰαװĲźۼ
ͻȻеϰյһ·ڰһĽ
ַ֣ʤͻȻ۾ϰ˺ڰ֮ǰͻȻ󷢹˫ڼЩκζ
ַȻ峺۾һУǰļյƣûжӾκӰ졣
֣ʤ۾Ӧ֮󣬲ɵðַ̬
ǰھУʱ򣬶ֺڰ׷״ϷҲһӦ飬۾Ȼһ¡
ַȴ·һ㣬Ҫ˵۾ͷûжһ£·ŲĻʯ

ʮ˷׷״ЦϵľƱķ׷׶ҡıɹЦַ·һԻԼﱻ岶֮ĿЦ
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С͵ļǹ˵һʷǰż֮УżȻõһѣǽּǹ⣬˳˴ķƷ
ȻּǹԶԶżеļǹȻ䴩һǧµı޵Դ
³һǧĹޣҲܶһ˺
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һԷһѼǹ߻𣬱ԽԼַһ䴩뵽֣ʤ亹ֱ
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֮УֻҪһ˲ǹ߻𣬱ԽԴ
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ЩĶű֮ûаǴľȥǹԼϹԵԼˡ
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ǰƺҪԷѩ֣һʵԼŵԡ
ҸһᣬСкĽϴֻҪ̬ȳϿһ㣬ҿ㡣

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ϻȴͻȻвⲻò˷Ц
Цľ˶ЦЦ
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˵һڱǸոĸǿߣһǡ顣
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һᣬҿ㻹ǵһԼɣһỹ֪˭˭أ
żǹЦǰϣ΢΢һգ۵ʱǰַͻȻʧˡ
ַ㲻ʧǰʧ˵۾Уַӽֲٶ£Щ˵Ĥ޷׽ѸݵӰ
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ԼĤ޷Էλãǲ˵Լеļǹȴ䲻жԷ塣
õ룬ʦһ͵ĳȥ
ӷŭˣеͬǰԼ˴˺üݣԼл޴ļǹ˵Ǻεȵܴ衣
ַ㣬ƴˡ
ǹָ΢΢ֻҪӵָƶһ㣬ԴǹĹӵ
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50  Ҫʲô
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ӿ۶ĻľЩֻһ⡣
Ҫʲô
ƶԸֽ̹٣ӵȻȫˡ


51  ĵĳŵ
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52  Ůݶ
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ƿڹ㳡ϿղϻصмսʿеѪ
ʿǣЩĬĬţһֱֱ֧ǵսʿǣԱллǵ֧֣ӵÿһʤǵѪ콫ǱʿǳӣҲǱؽʷһ죬ΪҪɱ⸽йޡ
Ȼȫ˴ϣ֮ǣ޳Ǳ飬ȴûͽǱʣԺʷҲأǱϣ֮޾սĵһսǸǴʷˡ
ڶɿݽ£ʿ׷װԼеľñգ˷˻Ļ
ʤ
ɱйޣȫࡣ
ǵı۶ϣӵ⣬ѪҲҪЩªļһͬھ
Ÿ̨ׯϵǸˣַ㲻࿴˼ۡ
һڻģȫžصĸ߼쵼ߣһˣ֮£ֻǸ۰ˡ
Ǹʵ˶ȶƣ˼˽֣֮ôӵкܴһԭǾиΰ롣
ɱйޣٽ硣
Ϊ룬ǿĸԸ׷
̨µ۾Ÿ̨ϵǸĩߣһ˿ȡ
Լɱ޳ǱͷǿĹͷ죬ͷԳֵĻԼͿԳΪ֮ľսЯɱͷԼͿԱȶ̨ȡ֮
ʱıǾԼˣвƸŮˣԼһеһУԼ֮
뵽¶һ˿̰
װľӣͨƽ׷׻Լõף
ܱ֮󲿷˶ΪԼ˻ھְЩ˱ǿսʿ
֧ӳʧܵĻǽʧȥһӭҴ޵ķ񱨸˲ϣ֧ܹջʤ˵׻ΪԼ
ְ֣֪һܹɱЩªļһƽġ
Ⱥһһ£ΪɰСŮĬĬ˵ĸֻһͨʿȴȫϣȻҲԼĸԼĹ޾ҪˣΪ˳˻ȥĸױȥս
ӣҪңսϣɱͷޡ
Ҳ˷˾еҹˣְλߣżɱ޵ʱ֮ʱԱһЩʿӴ֮⣬ڱڲȴһ˼һ涼ѡ
öﶼˣ
˾ҲǱǵһ治ս졭
ҹ˾˵ľսǿĶ顭
쿴Ǹ˽ַ㣬˵˵޵УһܴĶ֡
ʲôҵһֵۿַһˣڻֹȵľʮ٣ֻʮӣ˵ľоӢ١
һ˿ԴôˣѵĿҪﵽ˾ļ˾ǳࣿ
ַһֻͨ࣬ȴԻܾĽ࣬˵ʲô˵ֻҪŬҲܳΪĴڡ
е˻ǵЩƽǶַ̾ӿ˼ĸо
˵ַǸ˲ţϧ˲ȴΪã㲻˲ţв
ְĿ̻ʦϣһ֧ǧŮɵŮţŮſ˵ӵʽԼӴĻӲӶСơ
ǧŮ˼ʮһ羰˵Ŀ⡣
ЩŮϰɫװ°ɫȹ¶ϥİ׻ȣеսǰСнŵСɼǹӳǽĿ
ŮǽȵǿһʹǳĿĽ㡣
Ȼֱ̻ϽʦָӵŮʦơ
ЩŮսħս֮ǵҹֱϽʦѷɫ
̾һԼ쵱˱ǵ˾һҪʦ̻˶߬ԼôŮ飬һôǡѽ

ЩֳСӣҲֻһʦıƣǿľųΪţս
ҲǶĲı֮óĽǾǻΪ㣬ֻͻƹ޵Χߣɱ֮ħɽ޳Ǳʱʦľս
̻ȨַԸκһʦս˻ţǸͬŶС
̤;ŵ˸ʿ磬Ǿ±ƣĵһݶӣȫƯŮ
µԭȻӪһݶӵǷݶӣĵһݶӵٶˣȫһɫʮ굽ʮҵŮǡ
ȻٽŮ˼ӣ̻ڵľȴһ⣬ΪŮˣĻʦȫŮǵ£齨Ůݶӡ
ȻˣŮݶӵ齨УȻٲַڲϵ֧֣ŮݶӣҲһֱֵ֧̬ȡ
ȣһݶӣŮǾһĵطȥֵֹط塣
ߣַԸһ̨ͬĻᡣ
Ůݶȴϸ̻ƶľ涨ǾκŮ븽Ӫб̸ϽӪ
κбҲڲôŮӾţΥɱ
ǰľоĹ涨ټľкܶһĩǰǾˣȻĹ涨
˵涨飬ȴֺܺϵŮ븽б̸Ļǻô̡
Ҫ˵ŮӾţбвפŮ̸ľ¹涨սʱΥ涨Ҫܵϳ͵ġ
ڣڲпĩУ˶ڼȻû̸飬ʵڼį˾ȥֹһˡ
ڳ˱ǼʮӪһȺһǧͷɵС󳱡
ڶݶݶӵ˻ûļӦַűս
űַ˵ΩǴӣѯַ
ŮԾԾԵı飬ַ㲻ܾ̾
˵Ĳ֮£ݶӵսݶӣǼȫ䱸ʽǹ޷С󳱣Աûġ
ȥɣǶǻСսһҪעԼİȫҪȻ˻˵ִݻĶħˡ
ĶҲһԴȤϴ˵ѽЩСŮԳЩȴһĿţЩԿ
Ȼ̻Ͻκб˽ŮӾţĶ֣ʤȴûʽӣ˿ССΥһ¾
Ȼ֣ʤмȥŮݶӣĶȴٲ˹ȥȻĶ˿ƲôȴΪŮˣûŮݶκΥԼɱĹ˾͸ЩŮǡ
˵ĶΨһһɽŮݶӵˣŮݶӷǳӭһλˡ
һ˵СǵŮݶӣһɱЩޣ̵֪ˡ
ڵɱĩĥ£ʹЩȥŮ˵Ի˿ȴ³бǲ٣й֮
ԭҵḶ́û⣬֪ҵĹүү˭ŮܷԴ˵²
бĶԴ٩Ļ˶Ц
Ķ޳ܵģЩᣬô޳ܵˡ


53  
ޣå
޳ܡ
Ķ⸱Ů׷״
ĶҪĻ͸죬ĲҪȴЩСŮǲĿǣĶȻҪӳԼس
ȺŮ֮£Ķɫװʵ˵å˵ȥˣ
ȺŮܹĩлڣּӣ˵Ϊף˵ڶݶݶӵʿǶЩŮҲǼΪǻǡ
ЩഺŮǰ˵ԵĲˣǾԵڶݶݶӵʿǣһЩĴ׻ƿڴݶӵˣȻȺŮٰá
ЩүУٻǶЩԵСѾͷЩԹ޵ģڼĶΪǳһ
һ˽ŮĶ۸ǵĶӳжʱðɣȻĶﵽŮݶӵʱҲ٩Ķһ̸ĶȡЦ磬¹ŮݶӵϣŮվ˳
Сå۸ǵ㣬ﲻ㣿
ʮҵСѾͷԻĶ˿ӣĿŮװڵסİ͹ϡ
ĶͷֱϿ˼ۣ˵ңǻӭ⣬СȺû˹ˤôд£
ŽСŮͻȻǺȴǰĶȻޣȴӣ綼
Ͼ֮࣬ǾָŮݶЩŮǵս벫ɱɣʹЩŮǵս˺ܴߡ
СҲ֪ԼĶȣʵ̫ԶԼĶӳȶвٵĲ࣬ԼȥŰ
ȻĶŮˣһᶯԼϴսȴٲ˵ģҪȻҲԼˤôҰ淨ˡ
ݶӵ˿Ķ۸ǸŮ׷侮ʯ
СղŲԱѽ
ȻǶ֪ŮˣŮ˵ļȴһģһһˤСϲ֪жٲñĵطðˣҿʱСֻ˳Ůݶӣ޵ȥˡ
ѽ˭֪޵һŮҲħ֣Ȼ㲻Լһԣ
ŮݶӵŮһǺЦŮŭĴеõģˤӣôҰ淨
ĶŮݶӵǹʿڵģַаԸ̾Ķ˵Щ˵ıжôֻͨŮĻһЦѡ
ЩŮļ룬ŵʿ϶˾ΥЦݣǴ˿̶·һѪˣǸɱ¾
ЩŮܶʿʱ򣬶϶΢ЦҲĩĹ¶ˡ
űЩ໥áЦ΢΢üͷǰǾ˳Ȼܲ֯޼ɵľٶ
ַ㶼˵ʲôĬĬֵ֧˼Ҳ˵ЩʲôҲòϣµʿȹȥ˺ܶЦݡ
ĩսŸոմ죬ԺսԽԽпᣬͨʿսȥģҲһͳ泱ͿԽ䡣
ȴ΢Ц
ıȺԽԽƺʺ´Ρ
ű˵һݶӣҪʧս
ŮŷЩԽԽŮ׷׾еļǹȺȥ
ȻճѵУЩŮɼ
ǵۿЩȳҺ׶ССĹ֮ʱæҡ
ּǹĴ͸ǿֻҪᴩͷޱ㲻ԽԽִЩŮͰϰ˹һɶ
ǲֻǺҿǹҲвܹ侲
СÿοǹؿɽһͷԴ򱬣еݶڶݶӵǸǶʱĿ࿴
Ů˵Ȼǵѧϰȴ˺ܶǡ
СɺܺõŮֻҪܱвңǵЧЩսϱҪ
һĶϵʿ˵磬СȻĻǲģɻôȢҲ𣿡
ȢƨĶ棬ŮǧٸȢǧŮʵɱཻһ»УȢˡ
ڸС仰ӿһѪ
˫Ĵ۾ݺݵĶбһۣһŤͷֱӰǵɵһˡ
ǰĽͷʽǹòҲ̶ã˼ֱͷ͵군֮⣬ˡ
УһͷͬʱʮɢŰ׹ļǹ壬Ȼĺȫˣȴûȥǰ֫ǰС
ϳһѪߣٸһأʹЩŮĲŻˡ
ͷᡣ
裬ЩСǲܴ׼һЩ𣬰ԼģⲻŰɱ
ͷָǣûϼͱӵ̤ͬࡣ
עһ£һָᷢղŵִһѴƤë⣬ǶǸղֻʣϰͷֵź
ȻЩֲϵܵɨ䣬Ȼƴǰ壬Ůݶӵ֮£ЩֱУǱ塣
Ȼǰߵڵϣ̤ͬΪࡣ
ãֳˣ
ƼңҶû
ϵҲ㣬СҲ˷ӵղûһޣ
Ҹ׸磬Ʋ
ЩŮһһԻ໥áЩΪϱһĿɿڴ
ЩСôҰ֪ʲô˲ܼԦǡ
ַЦЦЩŮϾǵһսּǹɱݶӵȥսͽˣȴ˲İͷ֡
ЩŮԶԶ̻ߵǸŮսᲢۣȺŮֻҪԼȴҲѸٳɳ
ϾŮϸѧսĥò˶ãžͿԱȵϵڶݶݶսսСˡ
֡
͵ַ仰ˣַԣ߳ȺŻСĵػǹ׼Ⱥ˹֡
¡¡
ͷĵ·һӵ֣ػǹӵеĵҩȹȥ˺ܶࡣ
ǰЩֵҲǿԼڶٵңڻǹĻУֶԴ
ֺս
ͷֱеػǹԴǶ֮׼̾Ϊֹ
ЩŮĴ۾񿴸ħһźͷȻкôԿӴ
ǶԺһӼǧӵ٣£Կӵ׼ȷԣʹЩӵ˶ֵԴ
ЩŮ죬ԼļǹһŹ޷׼ȷĻĿ꣬ڶݶӵСӳȴڵƵĶ֮£׼ȷĿ꣬˺ǿ
ȻͷԼ򵥣ȴҲڴﵽǵĵز²ҫеôƯŮݣǼӵ顣
ŻؼͷЩ¶ԱŮЦЦ˵ݸ磬ֻǸ˵
⻰ΪĻŮǲĹ
ӳҲ̫ˣǱЩǹҰЩ޶ˣҰӡ
ʵ̫û˵ķˣȻЩɰŮ
ȻжԺֺܸмȴƲߺֵģ˲ŷӳŮ˵Ĳ
ַЦһ˵ǵٶ̫ղǺֵĻֻѾȺָΧˣˣϽʰսɡ
ĶҲüŪ۵˵ѽλóôƯ˫ôÿǵֵǶûһѣȺ޸ռ˱ˣǻŵү񲻿ˡ
С
ޡ
ĶĻŮǵһΧ


54  ŮҰ
ַİ֮£Ůݶӵȥǧͷȡˡ
⣬ֱӷ
ȹıˣȻЩ˵Ŀȴǳ嵽ħɽ󲿶ӻʦȻܱЩȥԼѡ
˵ֻҪ˹޴ڻʦǵʱٰЩȥҲ١
ַ֣ʤ˵ѾǿǧȫˣԼҲǿ˶٣ǲϡЩͼˡ
ַ˵ЩΨһñǶһݺҡ
ҲѾﵽٵ㣬ʵĹ˰ҲҲûвߣǴ󷽵İЩ޵ȫøЩɰŮǡ
Ůݶӵſȥ޵Դϣ÷Ľ޵ԴУѰˣȫȻԼڹϵѪմһѪеֻһ˷ܡ
ȻǰûϹսȴںڲȴЩԱǣиʽĹޣ˲оǰôѪȡ
ϵľװҲͨģˣֻҪÿĨһ£ʵַ㡣
ҲСħһ˹ϵѪҺӿȾԼǰأڹѰ˵ԭ
һСʱ֮ոϣŵ˶ڵַĳ֮ʱַȴͻȻ˵Ůݶӵ˿ԳһЩˣնն٣ǿԼԭϢٳ
ЩŮװȻԣǱ̫һǿĹޣǹ޷ɱʱ򣬱ֻ·һˣϾ˵ս˵ս
ǿȴǸḶ́ЩŮһֻˣٶܲˣַŽնն١
ַ㽨͵Ϣٸ·о󲻽⣬̫ڰأҹкüʱ
ھӪǲ̫ˣٶȥֻһҲħɽ
ŮݶӵЩŮǣϵ˷һӱһʧ
ǵһսղһսǽ˷˺þãڴһսʱɱʹ죬ַȴԭӪϢ
Ȼ˴󲻽⣬ȴû˵ʲôַ֪ôһԼ⡣
⼸¸ַҲ㿪۽磬ȻʱΪַЩٶܿЦʱȴ֤ľٶӢޱȣڵַ˵ʲôʲôҲȥɡ
űԴӱ¼֮󣬶ַ˵أַɱĻһüͷȻһʣִַԭӪ
û˵ʱȴַѯԭ
֮ǿĵһ˵ҹ̣ϵʱ䶼᲻˷ѣĿȻǾϵħɽɱɽͷֲԳ֡
֮У˭ɱͷԳ֣ᱻΪһս
ֻҪõսĳƺţӵ̵޴ĺô
ųԼо񣬲ڸﵽ֮ǰħɽɱͷͷ졣
ɱԳֵʱʶϣ֮˾ϣֶ˼֣ҹȻûľģΪְҵˣκʱ̣Ѿ˵пıʲôҪ
˵սĳƺű˾ְλҪзĶࡣ
ǶҲ֪ҰģĿ˱ǵ˾ﻹб˵Ļ·
Ȼﵽħɽ֮ǰͷԳ֣ȿԵõôֿѹҰġ
˸˿˵ڳԷʱ򣬶һ߳һߣϣϵħɽ
ַ컢ӪȴһС·֮󣬱͵Ҳ̫ϳˡ
ǻӪ˻ַ㿴սˣȻϣַǽħɽɱͷԳ֡
ʱַǻսҲԽַĹԣ̵һЩôΪʲô˼أ
ַֻǵ֪Ƕһ͸ϵħɽȻһǹͷԳִ࣬ȴϣףֻȱסԼСʸǱ顣
ű˵ħɽͷѾ˺üǧͷкüǧĻǺĵǹŮݶļǹ˺ͷԳֵһë
˵ףɱͷԳ֣Ĳеıַľǿߡ
ЩͨʿɱħɽҲֻǵڻҶѣԳ֣̲ôᶪԼ
ַ֮ԲԸôϵħɽԭǣһһ֮УಢûΧħɽȥ޵ϳսܲȡʤ˵
ڶһΧǣ˱ڴսֻ֮ʣ˲ʮˣĳɵΧ֮սУɴ˿֪ⳡսôļѪȡ
ԼһħɽĻֻ³ԼĶ֣ʤǿ֮⣬˶ֻ¶⣬ЩҲ˹޿еζ
ҹǿߣսĲҳ̶ȹƲ㣬֪һսôˣһȥ
ЦҹսĹס۾ڿƣܿǾͻ᳢еĶˡ
ַ㲢ϣԼʲôӢۣԼģǱߵˣ˰ˡ
ҲַôЩ˽ǰκҲǱԼԼߵˡ
زʶܾ࣬Ⱦ;ȣܾȾ
ĩûйԲãֻ潻֯
һæµ֮һԲε
ִڹŴɹŰȴɹŰ˺ܶ࣬ЯҴٶȼ졣
Ψһȱ̫Сһֻʮˡ
ȻˣַȴҪϺܶ࣬ԱЩеݵסҲһȨɡ
ʱַһоľ飬ų˺ÿ÷Ρ
ͼȿ໥֧ԮֿԼʱߣֹһһھд˶ű붼硣
ַ㻹ûüϢȴ⴫һַϽѯűôһ¡
űЦŶַ˵ЩСڷƢˡ
ַѯһ²ףΪ˲ܱ߹޵ע⣬űӪϽ𣬿ЩСѾͷȴûΪֽ
űϽĹ涨ûκβ֮ŶĹ涨
޷£ֻдЩһЩ⽫ųԣڶݶݶӵ˳սҰϰΪ
Ҫ˵⣬ʱκγԵĶûУԹѾҸˣЩﻹʸޣЩСŮǾǲɡ
ַͷ˵ȥ
Ҳȥ
ֵ飬ĶȻȱϯ֣ʤʲôҲû˵ֻĬĬַ
űҡҡͷ˵ֽ̹٣ҶЩСѾͷǿһ취ûУҲֻסˡ
ûŮݶӵӪأַ˾СŮĴ¡
ҲԣҲԣŮֲҰˣôܳ⣬ǲԴǡ
Ǿǣô죬ѵҪ𣿡
ĶԶЦ˵Сҽû㣬̹ܲǲǣ䣬˭ǲĶһ㣬һô죬¶ȣ
ǸĶˡǰɣֽ̹֡Ҳˣ
ַ˹ղŵߴߴͣˡ
粻˼˵ִ磬ǶǵһսëһЩһܽǵġ
СȻǸ֯޼ɵģһ˵ǵĽ̹٣Ҳܱǳ⣬ֲҰޣǿҿֲ˵
ַȤĿɫСѾͷ΢΢ЦЦ
ԻӺõģĩڣΪһС⣬Դʱ˭ںе⻹⡣
СԼŮӦûĩڡ
ĩڣҰĻǿĹޣҲᱻ⣬Ϲǿཫɱ⡣
ַûлشСĻһϣѾи˵ǰе΢΢һ䣬һСɵذףǿһ飬̻ʵĳ
һûԶˣ⣬ַζ
о쵽ԼҪԱ˵ʱַվ˵ǲһЩ𣬿ѽھȥɣ


55  Ƥ
ַʱŮĬ˵ⲻܳԣַ㲢ûб粵ʲôǵǵһ⡣
ⲻŮеѹֵҪҲһ̣ͻӭַŭ
СĵŮַĳĬĲ˵
ű밵Ȼ˵ӰĶǸɵñ˵ôåûסȺ޷СѾͷַһû˵ֻǳһ⣬֧ŮݶӵҰѾͷǼʧ
ַŮĻȴűһ㾪°ء
ĶΪ˽ַ㣬ַһǰǰһھȻŮԸȻͬЩŮ
ĻȻҲǷˣ벻ַҲĬһΣЦ
˵ЩŮĻ󣬷ûһŮĸȥ𣬸ûһ˸Ҽˡ
Ķ벻ַ䳰ȷЧôãڵŮǳһס
ţԼǶ̫ͰˣǲŸɲԼԼӢ̫ˣַɥŰŮǲŲԼ
Ůʯַʵôû𣬶˵Ůĳʦؿһһ࿾㣬ݶݶӵ͹ȥ
ͻȻýĿУַԶǸЦˣȴЩŮ⣬˵Ҳ֪˵Ƿ
˵ЩŮΪŭŻô˵ȺŮˡ
ִ磬ǰûϹսᶼвеСƢһúùܽǵġ
ַ΢Цĵս֮ϣֿɲǲСƢ
ĩڣִŮ࣬ڹУζƶʳ
û˼ǿ⣬Ҳ볢ǵա
ַı鲻αŷȻѯʵѾǰˣ᲻ޣ
ûʲôǴ󷽣벻ļĲӶӦߵǰȥˣĹҲӦñɱĲˣż©һͷҲβʲô򡭡
ַĽͣЩŮַ㲢˵Ҳûгǵ˼⡣
̹á
Ұˡ
˾ͼ޽̹ˡ
ŮǻǵһηһַȻ˿ɰȻǰַģװƣڷװĿᡣ
űҡҡͷҰоĴɣϣַжǶԵģûдĹ޲źãҪȻһ֮ҹˡ
ĶЩ˵ЩСѾͷǣнսƽҿûָǣϴ󲻹ǿԣ촽һ촽Ǹ˵Ĳ֪Լĵ˭ˣȫҹȥǵİ
ַעԼĶаԽ⣬ϽԲ˵ϴᣬҲǼ㣬ֻϣЩСѾͷڶݼӵ֮ʱָܹһ顣
ַû˵ʲôǴĶű뼸˻صԼ֮С
ͬʱһݶӶݶӵ˿⣬ʱ۷׷ס
ô£˭ˣôζ޶ԻζΪУ񲻰ѸĹȫ𣿡
ǵһݶЩ޷СѾͷǸɵĺ¡
ǰ˵Ůԣʱһţڲ֪¹Ȼģңҿɲ˵ǵľˡ
ǻ˵Щȥֹ޴Ϊ޵ĻҲҪһˡ
ֹͷǽ̹ôġ
ԭǽ̹ģǾˡ
ڻӪУЩʿŷĲű룬Ҳǵľ̻ص˾Աַ㣬һ˰Ĵڡ
ڶݶݶӵʿ٩֮ʣŮݶŮ˴õ⡣
һʿɫذһСʱζޱȡ
һȺҶᣬѸǰʳ
Щʿһ߳һ̾Ů˾ǲͬҰԣ󲿷ֵʱڳѪ⡣
»ص˳ԼʱҲЩӪıޱȵҩѳԡ
ŮһԵöˡ
һüĿбͻȻ˵ϧѽôƯĽãȴ޷һеһɰ£һɱ޵ĻֻһӾҲֵˡ
СӱˣŮӪĶû˸ȥҲǱڰʱŸҹȥСӸҶһݶӵЩСѾͷĵĻ͵ԴϳǹӰɡ
еļҵȻҲ֪ҳôûнŮѣϣǳйޣʱʹʹ̸һܶܶĺӡ
ַڱĿʱһݶӵŮ⣬Ķһ˵ϴζǿˣԵɣ
ҸղѾԱˡ
ǰϴ󣬸ղ濾⣬һΪԼѳԣǿ⣬Լȥ㿾õ⣬벻ȴԸЩζ⣬ϴ󡭡ǲŰѽ
Űͷ
ַһ۲˵ԼĩдʮֻҪܳԵĶͺˣȻʳζ̫ߵҪ
ЩŮǣַҲȷʵЩǣڻ䣬ȴҪҰǲʱпȥַŻôǡ
һĶҲû̫ĲĶһϲȥռŮıˣ۵ԼɱĹ˻ݺҾȼǡ
ַ˺ܶ࣬వչһ£ĶˣƶҲԸʹȻ
໡
Զ˹޵ŭڵһ֮Χ˺ü˻УȻǱпζ˹ҲпǱġ
ЩµСѾͷȻѸĹ޸ˡ
ĶеĿһ䵽˵ϣȻղŵĹ޺࣬ȴļԶ
ĶҲսˣ϶ЩеĹΪǿֻºĵһļǹԸЩޡ
ַ沿Զƽ˵ƽģƽġκ¶Ҫһƽģ޻ûйʲô
ǸղŹ޺λ빫ݶӵĻݲǺܽ
ĶݶӵʿƺһݶӵΪŮݶӣϰߵĽǹݶӣУκλŮǽĹ
ԶŮݶӵľӪѾ˼ǹŮǾŵĽкȻǹ޵һֵĹĿꡣ

ĶͻȻƵĳŮݶӵķȥ
ַеĵǣ֣ʤο˵õģСҲսȻԲһ㣬ȴ뱣Ӧóʲô¡
ַ㵭һЦ⻰ģڻֹϵľƣüʮֻǹָʱԼӦٶȣײƴЩٿǹ֮ǰ뿪ҲǺѵ顣
ϧĶӢߣֻǹϵѡ˫֡
ǣҲ෴ӣǰ
˽ڣǸķĵļһΪŮ᲻һеġ
Ķͬһ嵽Ůݶڵ˵Լһлǵһô졣
ǰһΪֲʮͷƤŮݶӷ
ȻһսŮǵɶ˺ܶ࣬Ƥֱ޵ķԼǿֻٵȴԵֵסٵĹ
ƤԴϱǹУȴûһͷȥǹȻ䴩ƤԴֻǸǵԴһССĴڶѡ
ǽͷƤԴϡãпԳɱƤֲǹӣôſԭһЩŮǿǹأ
һͷƤͻȻԾɵĽС˵ڵأһ̣òŮҪ
Ů׷׼Уеļǹ
ƤԴٵ֮岻ϵҡΣȻûȥĳСԴҧȥ

Ķ֪ʱ֮ڣǹѽУܲ˵Ƥǰһ߳İٽƤֱӱ߷ɣˤ˼ʮףڵŤ£ʹȥ
ĶСղһĻһĿȻЦ˵Ůû°ɡ
ŮԶЦݡ
ˡ
һ̣СٺͻȻޡ
໡
һͷƤ˹ѪֱҧĶļͷһ㽫ҧء

޴ʹʹĶŤԶԶͨ˵ĻղƤһڣѾҧˡ
Ƥõ˵Ļҧɲ
ȻҲ˹ȴҿǹ
ĶѾƤһǹĹƤϣԼǹǿĴ͸ڴƤ֮һ䵽Ķϡ


56  
ĶͻȻ̽˫ۣһֻץסƤ򦣬һֻץסƤϣһ

Ķһ˺֮£ͷİٽһƤȻһӱ˫˺롣
ѪˮĶһѪˡ
ͷƤ֮һͷƤĶ
Ķ˿̼ͷѪֹղ˺ͷƤЩѣӲһ᲻ĿƤշ£ԽԽȴеԼһ㶼ˡ
СƯͻȻһˮ˵ĺһֻҪ첻ұĸԸĽ
ĶͻȻĻʱСѾƤµһʬкˣΣյʱһƲôȴô֮Уһͦ
ŮҲ׷׼ȻƽĶĿ⣬ɵĶһ̣ǲŷĶĺá
ǸĵĽ̵ʹǹеԼڽĲɱɣǸĿǵ¡شȣǸ˸Ǿݺ͸һЩݶСŮ
Ǹˣǰܲˡ
ĶҺúûȥ
ԺҲˡ
Ķ¶һ˿Ц⣬ԭԼвûôѾûˣѵԼôˡ
ϴ
ͻȻһӰǰ漴һȭ

ͷƤû˰ԴѪַ·ĶħͻȻ˼䡣
̹١
̹ٽ̹Ұ㡭
Ķһַһеķͷ
Ѿ˹Ϊ˲ͬ飬ͷϵĵŴĻ࣬ΧƤȥ
ȻˮӵȫƤԴϣ󲿷ֵӵ޷ǿƤԴС
żмɱƤԴҲ޷һ»ǡ
ַ֪ǿƤֻнǵԴȫãпܽͷĵȻû
°ɣҪ˷ӵ
£ͻȻʯ
Ȼ޷ѸٻЩƤȴӵɵĻֹƤĽŲ
ֹͣǹĻֻЩʿеļǹ޷赲Ƥĳ
Ȼַ㣬֣ʤƤⲫЩŮݶӵʿȴû¡
һƤ֪жŮʿЩƤצ¡
ַһ˿⣬ȻںôǿıޣЩϣȴЩƤ
ֻеıҲɱǰĹޣҪúܳʱ˵ʱ䣬дʿ
ϵ۽ĻһӾͿԽƤȫһԼϵ۽ܱ޷ȥ
һϵ۽ǿ޳֣ŵĻԼֻºӦԼӦˣô졣
ѵ̻ԼһţԼ壬˾һһ˻ȥʱԼʲôȥ̻
ַû˿ԥеļǹҲһʱ䣬һһĹַеļǹ
ҹ£ʮӵ⣬·ʢ̻
ʮȺ䵽һͷƤĶͷǰͻȻײһ

ҵıըͷƤԴֱӱײನȫը顣
˴סЩ۾ʿǵľƬͻ䵽˵ϣһص鲣
֣ʤеԼӾֱǿҵˣԼǰǾ죬ǹеΪУȻʽǹװû죬֣ʤΪԼѾĥ͸ˡ
˵ԼʹʽǹַĻԼʹָոзļǹһѹסȴ˼һĻ
ռǹԣЩִ豸ʹõļû̫𣬷޼᲻ݣȴҲһ㣬Ǿǲᱬը
ҪȻղЩŮֻҪǹԻеƤˡ
ַһӵʱʮЩڷһξ룬ƤԴϵë֮ʱͻȻײһ
ӵϽִǿװ׳ּǹ֮£ֱ䴩
ֹи߶ȼеȻԴ͸һУƻȴǿһʽҩҵıը
ܵȴַˣȻⲻᱬըʮͻȻײһ𣬻СΧıը
ֱըķΧȻСȴԲСֱӽͷƤԴըûˡ
ַ۶ǹӵʱ䣬ʮͷƤȫԴ
ַ㿪ǹĹУ˶ԭشס
˵ʲôҲףǹ۶һΰһӵַȴһӵʱʮôġ
٣ѾȻǹˣǼǹĹӽǹһôӵַôһأ
Ҳע⵽ڸղҵַмǹǹѾŤļǹܲס˵ĸٶȵַԼܵסء
ŸʲôϽɨս
˲ŻعЩƤԴȻˣ˼ΪӲûܵ𺦡
ŮݶӵʿһǰЩռ
ַĽ飬Щ˲ƽȥǸݸ˵ʣɴЩȡ
ַĶ֣ʤмݶӵĶӳٵ㣬ȡЩˣҲԱû̫İǲûҪЩͨˡ
ݶݶӵбĽЩ˾ܵ͸ŮݶӵЩĵĻǣҲʿһѡ
СĶͷⷭѪ⣬ϵ˺üᣬϽĶǰϴһ˿ڣĸɴ
ĩĲп£˶ԾȵķŮݶӵŮǸϴ˿ڡ
ĶΪСܵˣһЩŮûȡЦСƵĶǰ޵
ĶղƤսǵΣվ棬Ҳǳһ亹ҿԼղϵĲɥʬҪȻԼѾʼɥʬˡ
СԸе˫ŵ˿ڣᵽԷ˵ķ㣬Ķֶ˻˼
ղһսûƤϣղСΣʱ˵Ǿ仰ûǣȻСΪ仰
ĶĿԼ¡βкȹ¹⻬ĴȣĭʱСв
ȻĶƤЦЦղӺ˵ֻҪҲͿԽҶ֣ΪΪ˰ɣ
Ķһ˵һѡʵĵط֣Բβ¡أ⣬Ҳ
ͻȻĶеͷһʹ
ͬʱССѾõ˿Ϻݺšһѡ
ʹˣСѾͷıɱ׷𣿡
Ů״һβûһԶԼ˽ϾĶղŷܲľȹСҲŮݶж
ԼĽǶڿ֣С˫ֲСϣŭ˵ղŵЦҲ棬Դˮˡ
Ц
Ķᡣ
һĶ˽ʿ鲻ңһԼ˵С⻰ôܵЦأ˭֪һ̰ղΪ˻ס۵Ļ䲻ǶĵḶ́ˣǷܲĳ㣬Ҹ˵ĩǵһ˷ܲһУΪǾ仰
ǡǡǾ̼˵ĻŴƴġ
ĶҲЩ֪ܵıȭ˵λֵҵ֪о仰˵ĲԣҳԼ̰ҸûƯĹﱻղǾ仰֮Ҳ룬ԼƴأǶһƬֺã¾˺þãҲھ֣¹ֻҪ壬ڹ޿Σ
ʥѽ
磬Һó㡣
ݶݶӵ˷׷״
ޡ
㣬ͻܣ˵ޡ
ŮݶӵСѾͷڷˡ


57  ȥȥ
ֱڶʱ֣֧Ķſʼ·
Ȼˣ֧֮ôҪַ
˶ַ֪㲢ڸħɽҲһɽˮһ߸·˵ߵļΪ
ƤϮ¼֮ŮݶӵЩŮǹ˺ܶ࣬ҲҹԵĿȡůˡ
һ˿ɰСŮ˵໰Ҳǰ˺ܶ࣬ȻˣĶʱ⡣
Ѿů㲻Ҳ䡣
Ժһʱ䣬ַȻûٶЩŮ˵ЩʲôȴȹȥԾ˲١
ѽĥгɳг졣
ڰµоУЩŮǸ
һ£Ƕʱ䣬һʳ翾õ⣬Ϊʱ򣬿ζһҲʱ
ŮҲûǰҹ⣬Էֹ鷳
·˰£Ҳû̫ǿĹ޴ССȴⲻ˵ˡ
Ķ֣ʤǿ֮ɱٵĹ޶û̫⡣
СĹޣֻҪóǹߺ𣬶ɵĸ㶨
ԽԽӽħɽ˵ҲԽԽأһ·ϣǷ˴ʿֹ޵ʬ塣
Щ޵ʬ壬Դ˶ûбȡ
һս̫ңʿɱ֮ȡԴڵˣͼæߣǶûüЩͬǵʬ塣
һЩʿʬ屻ʳֻʣСأǾֵϱ飬ͿԿǾҵս
ڴ󲿶ߺЩʿʬȫʬҰ˲޿еζܶʬеòҲ̶á
Ӫˣ϶ŷŭı飬뵽ԼǱַôĻǱѿʬ壬޿ʳľԼˡ
ַ̾ϢһսǲпģҲù޿ʳʬѪȺܲ˵
λ˼һµĻЩɱԴȡ˵ĹޣʳĹޣǵ³ǲҲء
ַ漴Щʿʬ͵񣬵Ӫʿ̧Щͬʬ壬ӵеʱ򣬲ȼܴʱеŭȼա
һ̣ǶôͻȻǿϵйȫɱ⡣
ŮݶӵŮǣȻԽʹ޵ʬѾϰΪˣЩ״ңϹŷŭģޱȵıʿвŮ͵͵Ż
뱱ɽĵڶʮ죬ӪսʿڼС͵սУŮʮб
Դˣַû˵ʲôսв˵ġ
Щͬʬ壬ַվĹأûճ˻ҽ֮ҸطΪ˱
һ죬ϵй޶ˣ֪ǻ᲻ɽȫʿ
ϧһַ㲢ûеȵһ죬֧ˣ֪мܹĩڡ
ַ֮Էǵʬ壬ҪΪ˷ֹһЩζȽеĹ޷֡
ǽЩʿʬҸ˵ᱻζеĹ޷֣´ٳ
һЩͷ࣬żȻҵЩʿʬ壬ҲڳԵ
ֻзٻǵʬ壬ſȫЩζʹǵ겻ɧš
ŻΪҽսѣ˳Ĭ
Ҳһ̣ԼҲᱻɱԼʬսѷٻ֮ʱʱԼҲýӴᣬҲһҸɡ
һ죬Ǹ߳Զ㷢ǰиֹ޵ŭ뼤ǹĲҽ
ɫ䣬µʲô
ַͷ֣ʤ˵ȥǰôһ£ǵСĵ㣡
֣ʤѾﵽٵ㣬ڻ֮Уǳַ֮⣬Ĵڣȥǰ̽飬ǿĹޣɱ˶ԷҲƽ
š
֣ʤû˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷӰͬһʧ
֣ʤߺһᣬӪ˵ϲ¶˲˼ı顣
ǵڶݶӵݶӵɵǵһݶӵƯŮЩĿɿڴ󲻵һ͵֣ʤոһʧǵǰ
Сʱ֣֮ʤ˻Щע⵽ǰľװһӣϻһף岢ûܵ˺
Ѿ̽ˣǰǵһֱϽһʦǱĹ޸סˣʧء
ǰôһ£
ղûע⣬һͷ챪ϮˣѾͷӸˡ
ͷӵһɣ
УҲٶ㣬Ըˡ
ŵʿٴδסǰΪַǸĴڣڿַ֣ʤҲǸǿı̬
ٵıӣַĶ˲ֵĻ湻Ӫ˺һġ
֣ʤȴɵɱͷ챪ӣ֮̽Ѹٷ˻ǰŲ˰Сʱʱ䡣
˿ַĿӾη֣ʤ֮ôǿȻַġ
Ҳ˵֣ʤĶǸƯŮɫģܷѵļһʵҲɲǿߡ
ܹôǿСַ㱾ָжôǿأ
ԭˣǱӦѽ
нǽ࣬һ򲻰ЩͨսʿѣǿԿˡ
Ϊµһǿߣͷʱ䣬ǵֽ̹ٴ˸仨ˮֱסȻǸߵļһ
Ϣ֮󣬻Ӫ˾Ȼûһͬ
ҲֻܹӪʿ飬ƷȷôãЩʿŻ֮ʣ䳰ȷ
ַ㿴űһۣ漴ʵųָţô
̹ٵġ
˵ϻʵĻ˵
ֽ̹٣ΪǸþϾȻϾҰ磬ҲһֱŲ˳ۣ޴սоǵսѣȻҲһΪԼ棬ԼսԹ۵ĻǾͲˣһ֪ĺˡ
Ķһ˵ǰɣţ˹ȥôϴġ
֣ʤһ˵Ҫ˵Ǹûӵļһ๲ͬĵˣڹǰֻҪ͸ʱ໥ƵĻûκγ·һ᳹ױԴȫЩ˶ԹСɫеȫֹòá
ַ˵ͷһս֮Уʮսʿ໥Ƥս
һΪһûɵ룬ԼܶʦԹۡ
ԼҶԼ𱨵ĻԼȻԥɱ˵ԼҪȵǾһʦˡ
߰ɣǹȥΪսѣоǵ񡣡
̹٣ֻһţһʦסˣССһʲôأ
ѽӳ˵Ĳ
Ȼַͬ飬ֻһӳһ򼵶𣬶ڵһûøС
иƲΪǵĽ࣬Ϊһϴ֣иûַ㣬ȫΪεԶĿꡣ
˵ףֻһͨĲͨͨˣֻֻ֪Ҫ˶ԼãԼҪƴԱ˺ãļһȴһֱкܲˬ
Ϊƴ
ʿҲԸͺĻҲ˵̰ȥΪԼǲֵΪһƲǵȥƴ
ַ̾һΪһĩʮˣȻ֪ŽԺжôҪ
ȻˣЩɾҩΪԼȫ࣬޺ıˣַԥɱ
ҲûʲôøУֻһ˱ԲʩԮֱָ֣ӵǸֱϽʦȴǱĲ֮һ
ΪԼҲҪǧټƵİ֧ӱ֧ӽдôģҪ취
ǶԵһĳЩ˵ĳޣҲǶķУǵļǧֵܣǶһѪˡ
Ϊ˽ԹԼս벻ˣЩ˽ļһʲôͬΣգֵܲӼȵĻֻô룿
ҲǿʲôԸȥˣǾһȥԸȥĻǿԺҲ԰ҵļȶ룬ħɽнǵħɽ֮ʱʱ˶Ӧõˣʦ֮󣬻ŻصǵĻҲûУôѡȨǡ
Ȼַǿ׷˭ԼһɱȥЩҲΥԼȴô
ַ֪ս˵˵սЩĲǿԼҲﲻԼ̫æ
ĵ£Լ鷳˲ŲǿЩ˷ȥɣÿ˶ѡԼ·Ȩ
ʿ΢΢һ㶣һĳ٣ǽЩԼಱһᣬ˵ȥȥҲȥӱǡ
ַ㲻ûǿȥˣָһ·ǾǻоڻʦĴ󲿷ֺлȥ
ַô˵˭ȥðա
űЦһ˵̹٣ͲӦŻһǣ뿪֮˵ÿֲһ㣬ĻǾͻԥĸ㣬ӵκξˡ
Ļ㲻ַˣʼΪ˵ĽӦýڳŵĻϣߣŪˣˣǵѡ񡭡


58  
ű˵Ȼǵųֽ̹ȴѡҲǵѡ񣬵ұȴȥֽ̹ˡ
Ŵɤ˵ǶԵһǶˣҶûһøУҪҾˣҰ첻ǰ̹پȹңûûڵңҲԥ׷̹κ¡
ʲôҲô˵ֻһܿĶǾվַ˶ףǾǶַľ֧֣ʱʤ
Դˣûһ˿
ǵ·ϣûַ㣬ˣڳԵʱַ㣬˵ڶΡ
ַѡ񣬵ȴ֪Լ޴ѡֻиַϣֱ챻޳Ե
һݶӵŮǣǾͷ޿£ӵġ
ǲŸ˼ȥֹĵط塣
˵ܻڣǳѡǵѡЩŮʲô˵ĬĬվ󣬱ԼĹ۵㡣
ֵǣЩǶô壬Ը׷ֽ̹٣οЩѪ˶
׷ֽ̹١
ȻЩ侲ַ֪ȥʦżΣգҲףֻҪַ֣ʤЩǿһߣǵĻűֻʣһȺб¼ͷǿĹޱԽ֧СĲжȫɱ
׷ַȥˣȱԼһ뿪ҪȫĶ࣬Բ齲ĺͷֶΪ
ҵɽ
ΪʲôҪȥɽ
ɽƸߵϣǿ˽ⳡսеһƶӪȵķ
оַ̾ľҲЩףΪʲôַʲôᣬʲôòǰֻһѧְҵˣôбűְҵиս顣
Ҫ˵ţְҵˣĸ棬ҪԶˡ
ַһȻɽϣɽȥɽмҵһĻ
ɽУǹʿʬ壬飬һߣⳡҵսѾ˺üˡ
ַĿһʹøʽսʿЩ˴ԼǧңȥҲƲĿ
벻ĻʦȻﵽֵزһ£ĩľ±٣ͨһʦҲǧˡ
ΪĻʦȻԶԶһսʦﵽǧ֮࣬ϧյѪս֮£ʦ˽һ롣
Ӱɽ峯ȥɽеĹѾϿ˾ƣڼͷǿ󻢹ֵŭУı󣬱èǷ׷׳ѾѹһǵӣһһֵĽ
ڹȺһһֵĳ֮£ʦռ䲻ϱѹ˸ǵѪ۾ֳһѿĽս˻ĶشʿͻΧ
ǧѾΧסҪͻΧ̸ס
ɽеͦĽѾ˺òͷϵͷ֮
ȥݣκ¶űͦװͷ͹ⷢӢнˡ
ͷľҲ޷ֹȥݡ
һӾʧǰ˵̫ǿزסˣͶɣ
кһûκԥһųľ
ųԴֱӴӾ䵽˵ϣʧȥԴ֮ľ˰׸ߵѪʬ˵ڵء
һ˵ǣ壬ܳȥǾȥħɽ˾ͣǣ岻ȥǾͽЩƴˣҲ汳ġ
ʧ룬ѾԴųûпһۣǵǲмһˡ
ڹУһʳԹͶͲ㵱ʳ
ʣµǧˣĳһɽڳȥѵСֻҪһȱڣЩҲһͻΧȥ
ڸ̨ϵı컢۾׵ı㿴⡣
ŭһ뼸ͷèַӵȥСȫ
һɱٶʿ޴ҲжٶͷһٶͷèֱЩʿеļǹ
ǼͷǿĻ֣Ҳ¶һ˿ŭ֮ɫ
ǰΧס֧ӣҹɱĻʦѾƵһǣȻռϷ磬ȴҲʧء
һоҪˣڻֵŭУǧͷޣһŭţ¶֧ƣľӡ
սͻȻЦЦЦţзᡣ
Ϊһ࣬˵ĩһ˱һ
ٺ׷ƾǿڵһѸո¶ͷǣʵľ쵼ߡ
ֻҪɱħɽϵԳ֣ͿԳûȨʵеıΪҲ˾
ֻϧﶼԹ޵ʵƲ㣬ݹ޴̶֮Уһ·ӣҲǿȥ
ʱ˿̣е׳־Ϊ˱Ǻһˮ
˾޷׷ˣҲ޷׳Ĵʱȥǰ޹ˣߵĲΰҵˡ
ͻȻĿеսһâļͷٵıǵֱΪΡ
ʿʿ͵ĴһıǼΪǿֲͬǵԴϰϰٷԴǧٿףҲһȥ
˼˺üͷıǣԼͻΧϣġ
Щʿȴûע⵽̾ɽеǼͷ컢ȴ¶˳Ū֮ɫȻǲûаϡ
컢ֵı飬ַ˺ܶ£ⳡսѾҹˣǹ޴ľӣ˫ӦɱĽƣ
ΪͷǼͷ컢֣ȴʼûг֣ھԶַҲԾȷڵж١
ƾֱо⼸ͷ컢֣κһͷҲһǧ
Ҳ˵һͷֳ㶼ʰĽ࣬ͨʿǵסǵĹ
ѪսЩǿı컢ȴʼûԷ𹥻
ֹ޴ڲҲ⼸ͷֶΪ˵õһʳҲΪһЩʳͬ飬ʼûг֣֣ʳͬǡ
⼸ͷ컢ֱ˼ĻĻʦҲˡ
ַüͷ㻢ӪȫȥֻҪǼͷһӪҲκβͷǿı컢ֻ֣ˡ
ַͻȻ˵һǳȥͨͨĻʦ֮뿪Ȼң֣ʤĶ˸ϺߵԽԶԽã𣿡
űͻȻڵ̹٣ҿǼͷ컢ֺǿһȳһʦˣǻһ뿪ɣҪһҪһ
Уȫ뿪ĻǼͷ컢˹ЩһҲ߲ˣ֧̻ҵģҪƽĸȥ
Ҳַֻ㣬ֱǸؾ֡
̹٣ڶݶӵһϺɣҵĵǺģ
ĵ⼸ͷһöûУҹƣǼͷ컢ֵӦôﵽǧ㣬ǹ޷壬Ҳǰװ
ĺҪַ㣬ȴַ̫ΪɸܾˣһԸĺһӵĻ
еĵ𣬴еݶӵֵǣҳȥˡ
ݶӵֵȥ
һݶӵĽǣҲݶӵ˿ʲôнüȥ
Ļַİ֮£ſ˵˵ǿһţͨսʿҲﵽ˶ٵ
ֵܲʿĿǰֻʮ㣬ŵսҲȾĶʦսҪǿĶࡣ
ȻӪȳɹϣܴ󣬵ڳ֮ǰַ㻹ǶԻӪ˾ȷĲȷƻٷְٳɹ
ַҲףҪɱɽȺ޵ĻžƴҲĿȷǾǾ֮Ͻ뿪Ⱥ޴
Ӫͨʿüǹɱһ֣Ķ֣ʤֳնɱЩİٵ㣬ͨսʿ͵Ϯèֵ֣ȱޡ
һغĺ𣬻ŵսʿͬɽͻеļǹһƬһƬıֱŵֱӴ
ͷĵҲ˿ֲƾһ֮ɵ˽ͷı֡
ڼǹʱ޷ܣ˵ǰè챪ǣĶ֣ʤֱñնɱ
˵ﵽٵ㣬նɱİٵıޣȻСһ
УֲĻַ㣬ǰʹõļǹϴξ֮Ѿȫϣ·ϣȥʿϼѼǹ
ַеļǹҿʹܼеѼǹҲ·ͦǹ
ÿʮۼһƣܸɵһͷٵĹޡ
һתۣʮͷǿıַϡ
ӪսʿͻȻѣ˲˼սӲĹ޴˺һӡ
֧ǿľӣһ赲ĸѸٳ嵽Ļʦǰ


59  
ͷһֱڹսĻ΢΢һ
һͷ˵磬һ֧ӣȻ࣬òƺǿǵֵʧѽ
޷Щʳ֮УûһǧĴڣҪ˵һǧ㣬ǧ㣬ǰҲǸ
ЩȫĻЩʳֵܵˡ
ʿƲɵĸ嵽ǰһϲ
ʦоˣֵܲӹ֧Ԯˡ
ǵľװǵˣ
ôأǵһȻ˵ƲҲôǣ
ھĿϲ֮Щʿ۷׷ס
⻹˵˼֮ʦǼ
ʿ˵仰֮ʿĬ
ֻǵһһͨʿƽʱһֳԽԽУһսȴеų״ˡ
ʱ򣬵˷ǰӣϹԮйȥһֱƲʿǣ¶һ˿ɫ
ղʿ˵Ԯǵ֧֮ʦȻϲԸϣ˿ϲǰӸǣȷֻ֮ʦ仰Ϊ
仰иǱ̨ʣǾǵ˳ԼľӲ֮ʦ
һʿۼ⣬ǰһˡ
ͷڷƮֳѼǹڼǹƵ£ٵĹһͷһͷıԴ
ⲻǵ޵еַоˡ
֣ҿŵһļǹôͨļǹ·ͦǹ
ɵñǰطӹ˰ɣȻһȭԴǵľˣҲòҲ̶ã˵˵֮ǿѾǵ˾Ტ۵ĵزˣʲôֵģ
˵˵С㣬һأС˼һǹ㣿
ȻЩʿ˵󣬵ʼǿ˵ЩĻȻ
Ķͷ۾еѪɫŨˡ
ַʲô˼ԼҪͨԼʾʴȡ
ԼȥѰ鷳ȴʱԼʩʽľֻ±ȵѿ
Ժ˶˵Լȥҹַ鷳ַ㲻ŭȵӪԼԺ̸ַʱǶǸɵļһ˵һˣԼǿеһС
ԼҲΪԼǸǼСˣַǸ黳ȵߡ
սֲԾݺݵսеսһǰսѵĻڴ֮£һ˿Ѫ߻ֱ䵽λεĽսϡ
жַκθм֮飬ΪַǸͨӪԼΪһƭӣַ㲻Ǹ޳ܶļƵļһˡ
µֱʦ״ϽοضŭַСӲͨӪǣʾĴƷ°ˣҲԼжˣһŵıҲҹˣһǱ㶼ڹ޵צˡ
ʦǣڼû£ַĻѾɱ֧бǰ
ַ㱾˸·һոĶħ۶ôǿĹޣֻҪ棬еļǹԴ
Ķ֣ʤҲѷɫ˶٣ȥնɱһͷİٵǿޡ
ӪͨʿҲвݶӶӳų
˹ֲ⻹һ
¶һ˿΢Цַ㣬ͨӪʾԼƷ¶ôĸУǾһɡ
ȻûпǼͷֵжǿȴ֪ǼͷÿͷԶԶһǧ㡣
ַ㲻˰ٵҲǶ͵Ĺˣˣ磬ֻҪһצҲһࡣ
ȻǼͷһֱû֣ǲмַ֣ҰǾȳȥǼͷֱһ˹ֹΪǼͷǲ˵Ѽǰɵġ
ֻҪǼͷһ֣˶ɡַ㣬ܿͻᷢԼж˾޴ĴַĻΪԼĻҲ
ʱַѾ嵽ǰ˵Ͼˡ
Ȼַ⻰ûӰʲôĶȴǾöԷڷܡ
һǿʦװﵽʦĹģ
ļǿʦȴȺƵء
ַֻһţӪǣⲻǳЦʲô˵ַҪǰ԰Լǿ
ֽ̹٣Ӣ壬Ҳ˵ʲôȴΪûбҪΪʾԼܣߵһΪ޴᣿
ʱűҲɱ˹Ļж¶˷ŭ֮ɫ
Լƴ飬ԳЦԷֻ¶Ļ֣˵ģҲࡣ
еĵ𻺻ƶ׼ԴֻҪַһ仰ʶôļһࡣ
ַûлشĻ˵Ϊ˾ЩֵܶģҶԣҶԸ²κκøУӪȼƻҲΪ㣬Ϊһ𲢼սսǡ
սֻսѣûıƣսУ˶Žǵĵ˱ЩѪıɥʬʱеЩ޳ܵļһģҲսʤ޵Ψһ
һʦıʿַĻеɫʢǿԼٵĿҲһ˿ƴƴԼ㲻м䳰ȷ˲ǡ
ַķ༥ֿԼµʿԼʮֹŹ֣ɫһӱøѿղΪԼɵʱɫûôѿ
⼸ĽڲĽ໥֮żΪȷ벻˵ɡ
ԸҲйޣôӶȨԼȴһƲá
ѵԼǲȫ棬ֻΪԼĲıСһ̣һ˿ãⶼַԼ
ַûǶԵʦ˵ͨͨѾͨͨʱпܱǸϽ뿪һӪ˶Ϻ󡣡
ַôһ˵ʦʿжַľء
ʱַ̣ϾǣѾ御ˣڻҪڻ뿪Щͨʿĸж
ЩʿȴûжʦǸԼǿĲӣڳû֮ǰûһ˸뿪ǵĿȴϡ
Ҳӿ˸ӵ飬Ȼַ飬һľˣھ˵֪ϣԼĲΪԼַìܶ
һӲ˺ܶ࣬ޱͦεҲЩ
ֽ̹ȥɡ
еĽս䵽˵ϣһи·һʬվ
ַܸ㣬ͨսӮڵϰַܸ㣬ҲûӮĻˡ
֮󣬵ʦˮ㳯ѵС·ӿȥ
ַû˰߲ߡ
ַ뻢ӪеļǹϵĳܹĹȥ޴Ĺʱѹסˡ
ɽļͷ컢¶ŭɫ벻ַ֧ǿҲǲòˣΪٲ֣Щζʳǰȫܹ⡣
໡
ֵĺʮ
ַɫһ䡣
ôܣͷϵȻǧ֮࣬ԼɱͷʨӻǿĶࡣ
ڲĩ£Щôǿ
ѵһĹҪһǿô࣬ϣ֮鱨ͷ죬һͷ͵ԳֵӦòǧҡ
ȴﵽǧ㣬ֻ˵ǵ鱨˴⡣
ͷԳֵԶԶЩֵĻҪ˵ǿߣﶼħɽ
ȫˣһ㣬Ķ֣ʤҲϽ뿪
ַ˽лӪϺļƻ
ЩֵԶԶԼԤ⣬ӪϺĻ˵ŵ˶ȫ
ͷַ㵱ȻҪ뱣סԼĶ飬֪ԼĵˣĩҲڵˡ
ҲӰеЩӢһЩר˵ĺ£ؼʱ̣ȻҪȱסԼˡ
ϴǻ߰ɣ
ͷ̫ǿˣǾ޷ӦϽ뿪ǵãұסӪ
Ķ֣ʤַԱǿ˵ͷ
ַ㿪ǿĻɱ񣬷ɱ𣬾ɱЩޣӦû⡣
ϴСĵ㡣
Ȼ뿪ʦųȴƴ̤˴֮·
ֱַӵ˼ǹڹ޴ǰǹϾ̫СˣеͻȻ仯ѷı
ַվڶ󷽣ӶʹһżеõؼڶС
һ̣еıͻȻ͵ĹӰһйޣһٵ֣İٵƤǣıࡣ
ַӰħйǰ
һ̣һ硣


60  ϻϱ
ɱɱɱ
ַеıոһˣӲǷסɽڣһˣһ֧ϣ
˼Ĺƹɽ׷˳ȥ󲿷ֶַ˫סɱΪһࡣ
ɽѪ꣬쳣
ַһЩʿĲҽͷһۣĹѾ׷ʿЩʿչѪս
סĲǻӪʿַ㰲˲١
ַЦЦĹ޾ϹȥҲסЩȫװľӣԼڻǵˣԼҪɱйޣҲĲףԼǸϽ뿪ɡ
ַߣͻȻǰһڣһ۽޴ĺӰͷ
һͷ컢Ѿŭ
Щ඼ɽбɣĵʹеζȫܹ⣬ͷܲŭ

ͷֵצ϶ȻЯǧ
Ҫ˵޵צӣצЯ쫷磬͹εĸ޵ʬ߸߷ˤ˸ʯϣһѲҲ̶õࡣ
ԵǾԵĲַ࣬ûаԥֱӿϵ۽
Ҳףϵ۽Ļ³ԤϵĲ࣬һĳࡣ
սߣ屶Ĺǰû˿ô
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֮⼸ͷֵٶȣܿͿ׷ϸղߵЩбȫԵ
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컢ʹĴַ΢΢һݣֱӴ͸˻ֵצӣצ߸Ծ𣬰һȭ
һӴ컢ˮֵĴֱӴۣ޴ĳʹñ컢ֵԶԶˤ˳ȥһƬڴֵľȫɨƽ
컢ֵأ𶯵ΧȺɽҡ
Զܵ۾ͻȻֳһ˿սϸôĶǾ޴ַ㱻컢ĳǸɺ޵αˡ
Ӫɫ䣬磬ʧȥ侲ǣЩʧɫ
ĿǸĮȴôᣬмǿӢˣһ޳
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ղŵ̫ˣ·𸽽һҵַԵֿסЩǿĻ
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Ӧòɣֽ̹ôǿ󡣡
κ仰ˣ֪űҲûף˵Żûһʦڣ˶ɥ
ȻһԵûʲôøУַղŲһеľǣЩ˵Ҳʯͷģôַôûһм֮ء
ȴЩ˵û²Źأû´ĻղŵһַǸαӱʨִ֮ʱģƻαˡ
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˶ڿǵһǻӪ˶ڿЩд
һˣԼõһʵһȻһССݶӶӳһ⣬ҴĻһŮˡ
úá㹻ݣСѾͷǸСӳȻҴõнҽ·ϣҰѾͷ
ûü֣ʦҲĶ֮УѾ߳ų
Щֱӵǰղֽ̹پˣǳʲôĿģǾǵ㲻ôֽ̹٣öԾȹǵĻŴ֡
ƣ΢΢һͦȵǻǲҵıһȻ⣬˵ǲҪ췴

ʹı컢ַ֣û˿ͬġ
Ҫ˵ԹޣΪʮ࣬ɱҲ˿
ĩһĩ
ַǰ˫ֱסˮͰֵĻβͣȻ͵
߼ʮףؼʮֵı컢ֵ˶ʱĹѾ˹
ַ㲻ϻӶ˫֣У컢ֵ·һ޴ӿһйֱҳ࣬ɾ䣬ûһˮ޴ײһЩǽϸߵĹ
ַȻûһ˿ɱɱɱɱһйޡ
ʮʱ䣬İͷޣַеı컢ҳࡣ
ھҵײ֮£ͷ컢ҲˤҷɣǶϽۣ඼޴ĳˤˡ
һͷﵽǧ㣬ĩڴŹʵǿޣȻַŰɱˡ
ʣµͷ¶˼Ϊ𾪵ı飬벻ףղ໹ֻа˰ٵôһӱﵽǧ
ǿĻΪʲôһʼʩչǱƵ˾ͻȻأ
һϣֻһˣ򲻹ôֵܡ
һͷͻȻ鵽ֵַٶȼ죬֪ܵĻһᱻ׷ϡ
˵кüǧʬ壬ɶζʳѽȻΪַһ˵ĵôʳ
ãǿĶ࣬ϡ
ͷһҲǣԼȷߵͬҪǿĶ࣬ŭһַ˹
˿̵ַѾɱۣոնһⴸּ֮һͷ֣¶ϲɫٿһȭ
ַȭ״ڱ컢ֵСϡ
ͷӭı컢ŭһֱӱˤĽų죬Ķ򱻴һ׿Ѫ
Ѫˮ볦һĴ컢ȻʹҪţʣֻҪԴû֮Σ
ְղԼȳ֣ѾΪͬĽ˻ᣬֻҪԼͬҲûֵĻδɱǿࡣ
ϾǵĲַҲǲһǧѣȴͬ飬һԻôİԼôͬ飬ѵĶǸơ
ͬһֵĻӦûһɱġ
ַ˱컢ֻûü۾ѾԼλֵڷٵĳɽȥһȥͷ
ͻȻ档
ѽղŷ˵ԼǿҪԼϣûȴԼֵཻʱ̣ȴû֮ززˡ
ղǰԼˣɺ޵ǣԼϸǹԼɵƵǰȥƴԼֵܹȻ壬˵ϵ֮زز
˵Ļŭһֵܵӷŭ˼㣬ͬĺ֮ͷһ˲ܳ˺üĻܵĸˡ
ͬʱԼͬǸɵơ
ղһ֣ͿַӿǹɿֲΪֲսԶԶԼһԼ벻Ķ֡
ͷǰɹ࣬ҲһЩ˼άһԼͬ鶥סԼȴ˻ܡ
ֻҪԼɵͬסǿ࣬ԼͿԳɹˣӽǿˣٻɵƱ
ţҲϲһ֣ʲô壬ⱳĸоǺˬ
ͷشĻǿҲܣôܵˡ
ַһ֣̽һס˻צϵƤëϣСɽ

ʮֵı컢ַ֣յ·ɣܱߵĹޣǿıǣƤСһè֣֣컢˶ֱҳࡣ
һʱ֮䣬޴İͷʣµĹ򾪻ʧĴӡ
컢ָоԼÿײһ£ڶϺüͷȻ·ȴôˡ
ԼצһӶϿͺˣ¶һצӣԼܱס
צӼ̣Ȼ֧ȫʮֵȴû֮ѿʹԼצϵĹͷΪʲôôʵ
컢ͻȻһ仰þȫһҧԼǰ֫ϡ
ꡣ
컢ַֻץסצжϣھ޴Ĺ£ͬһڵԶԶ˳ȥ


61  Ц
ڰǸħˣб컢мΪ룬ǶһֻצӣԼȴһ׬ˡ
컢ı飬ƺ֫ȫʱ˵Ķࡣ
ȴһ£ǾȻַĿƣַղ󣬶ҧԼǰ֮֫ǿһʹеٶȲһŸڵ
컢ֵٺˣͬʱö磬жʱֲõԤС
ûüӦ˶صˤмʯɵİɽϡ
⣬ͷǿĻֱˤӣճʯϣǡ
ĴĪڴˣһֻ̣ڶԼַܹħֶеҲѣһ̣ȴˤӡ
ϣʧͬʱ˭£벻ѡ
컢ӵвǻۣҲڤ˼ʱ򣬻뵽ԼպиѧԼǿ⣬ȴû뵽һ죬һСˤ塣
жӣַһ¹رϵ۽ʱ䣬ĳѾȥһ룬ͷǿĻ֣һӡ
ַȥ׷ĻҲδ׷ͷȥıϻǰĹɨɾתĹ޴ȥ
ȻвϸߵıѾ֮ززһЩ£̰ʳȥĹӭǵѪȵ
ٵıӣһٵıַ֣жûκ𣬶ǱһȭԴ
ڿϵ۽֮ٶȱñƽʱüÿһӣͷޱɱ
ʹñ޼᲻ݵȭͷҪԶԶȷıҪĶࡣ
й޲ˣսˡ
ַȴû֣ͣÿһεϵ۽һϵ۽ر֮󣬱ǳڣʱüΪƣַȻЩ·ԼĻᡣ
ĿֻһǾϵ۽ر֮ǰɱйޡ
ַÿһȭмһѪŹ޵ѪԽڿɢɿѪ졣
ʮ룬ַսǱгһƬŤգַץͷ컢ֵβͣʬӵ˿ԪռսǱ֮С
һ컢ѾˤòģַֻǼڵˣ⻹ʮͷﵽ߰˰ٵıʬ壬ֱ˰սǱ֮С
ɽûˣַȻҪûѼһЩǿ޵ⴢӦĩڿǰʳΣ
һУַϵ۽պùرգ޴ƣ͸ӣַҡÿһеƣҪ
ղһսѾ͸֧
Լһ㣬Ż׷϶ɣַҡҡλεĳɽȥ
ͻȻһɺϮ·ǿĹ޶չϮַ㰵вĩ֮УӦϮḻ˾ַ㡣
ս֮иʱͻȻе˾޴вıƽȻΣձƽ
һ֮УĵУܹһһε֣֮һĵȻ
ʲôϮԼأͷ컢֣ѾͷԼʣµһͷûеҸղԼѾѸһĹȫɱˣѵ©֮㡣
ˣֱַǰ˵һľͷһʱ򣬿һͷףëɫ׵ıꡣ
ͷȻͲ󣬵ȴﵽ˽һǧֵ֮࣬ĻҲյĺܺãǡַϵ۽ر֮иʱ
ַ㰵д⣬ϵ۽ر֮ǰѾɱ˸йޣɽ忴һ£û淢ǿĹ޴ڣȴûгΨһɽȥ鿴һ£ͷ꣬ղŶɽС
ղѪȵɱУСĹޣҲûһͷڻŲ·ʱɽУΪǸɽûڣһȥڽء
͵Ĺ޶ɽܣҪ˵ϸߵĹˣַûעǸ۵ɽ
Ĵ⣬ȴɽһͷǿıԼΣա
ƻĶĩı꣬Ǽ̳ϵŵ㣬ǰıĩǰҪƻĶࡣ
ղѾַϵ۽Ĺرգһǧȫѹסַ㣬Ȼѡ͵Ϯ
ַĵԶԶǿͨ˵ĻղűһצӣԶ塣
ƻ࣬Ȼжʱ֮Ѹطλ㺦Ѿûˣɡ
벻ͷȻ˵˻ҲߣղЩǿı컢ֵԶ
ͷһֱڰУȴȴµԼϵ۽ܳʱ䱣֣ŵȵԼϵ۽ر֮ͻϮԼ
ˣȻ͵Ϯң
ַͻȻһ˿⣬ߴʧСɵʱ˺üôĿĪǻбĵûʹ
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ַ΢΢Ц͹ԣ
ַ֪һΪƻûʮ֮ǰ׶֣ԼԽװںҶ֣˲ųԿͷ
ַ㲻ָһ仰ͷƻıֻϣʱϵþһ㡣
Դϵ۽ַ֮ƣ͵˼㣬ϣһҸط˯һͷͻȻֵĻ֪Լܼܲվ
ڱû̷𹥻һͷϵ͵ıӵĻֻ߰ٵ붼룬ͻ˹ʱͿԽֱַӻɱ
ַȻﵽ˰˰ٵ㣬ڹرϵ۽˴֮ڵٵﲻ׺ǶɵĻƬ֮ɻɱַ㡣
ȻˣֻСĽĻղھַˣһһס
ַӣͬʱеڵѸٵĸԭĶţȻԽԽãɵ΢Цһ¡
ַһ΢ЦЩͬʱҲڷɿת˵ĿƺпƷԼĵƣƷԼĵƵĻΪʲôԼｩء
ãԼɵƭˣʲôƶûУҲ޷ٴʹصԼ֣ΪѸٻָԼԼôôȻƭˡ
£ԥַ㣬һǽ߾ȫ
ַеĽָͻȻһ䣬Ϊһѷı
״ûм׷ɵһߡ
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һ֮󣬱ĹͻȻǿ
ȻַȫֿȻ絶צںϣ˺˺üӣѪ졣
ַϵ׶צֱ˺ѣԴˣַҲս֮еЩֻͨĻףһǧһµĹ޻һķԳһǧĹޣЧȷʵ
ȥɣɽеʳﶼҵˡ
ԼԺܿɱַ㣬ĴЦ
Ľ֮£ַڽڰˣĺҲԽԽأһθеܵصв
ЩܲģԼΪһһϵ۽ĳսʿûʱӦеĹʣôˣôܲ
һļ䣬ĩʮµʱｫһش͵żӵ㽫ɶǸżеĲƸԶԼССսܱġ
ֻҪǣǸżֽʱ֮ҩֻҪԼںҩͿһ֮ڿڶϵ۽
ԼԿڶϵ۽Ļɱǰͷ׺ֱͬһֻһ򵥣Ҳ֪ԼɲԻһ졣
ַϵļǹԱеıըʽǿԶ˺ģҪֻҪ𼤹ǹͲҪԼκ
ܿ췢Լ룬ͷղżʹüǹĿֲ棬ôٴμ𼤹ǹء
Σַ㲻ûм𼤹ǹЩצץ˺оڵԽԽַ¶һ˿
ԼһԶһһϵ۽ȴͷֻһǧĹϡ
䡣
ͻȻһϤӰ˳һѾ޸߸£ݺݵ˱ĺϡ
źǣ˵ĸͷû׺壬ֻǽһͷܵľʹ
ͻȻ뵽һ仰벶ȸں벻ԼΪֻƻĻȸȴû뵽лһԼƻˡ
Ķ㿪
ĶͻȻַ㽹Ĵ
зǳͷĿֲĶֻٵղ³֮£ܿ˱һͷһĶɡ
ѾˣϾ̫ˡ
еһ̣βͷ·һֱһĶ
Ķϵֱӱ򱬣ʺѪͬʱԼͷѵ
βͻУĶܵشǷ·ߵķݣײԶһʯ
һ̣ĶȻЦ⡣
ЦһУЦЦ


62  ƯĴ
ĶҪˤʯ֮ʱͻȻڿһͣ٣һֻ֪ĴѾס壬Ǹһ˵ϡ
ȻûбˤղűһβȴĶʵᣬһѪĶ˳ŪñַؿȴѪˮ
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ַٿĶһۣȷȻأȴû֮Σŷ
Լһ͵ϮѩƤëµСʱ˳ɫһеķŭ޷Ҳݡ
ŭһԼȻһϮˡ
ĩֻԼԱ˸͵Ϯƹˣȴ벻Լ챻Ĵڴƹ
ٶɱǰˣʳǵѪ⣬ֻԼܽ
ڵϵַĶʱͻȻһֻֻ֣޳ָһСɵļǹ׼ȷĶ׼Ķͷ
á
Ȼ컢֣ķӦٶȴԶԶЩǿĶͬǣҲԻڵԭڡ
һתһ޴ʯϣһ̣ʯֱը˷ĩ
ٶ㡣
ϵڸʯ֮ԾַȴȴԽԽһĳ¡
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ҿūҲСܣֻҪңԸΪκ£㡭
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ѪԼдôֻҪһ죬ԼҪͿѪǴΰг̡
ãҽͶϣϽ
еҲȥϲǱ壬ҳȥһǸСɵļһҵԴģ
ַһ˿һһĵˣϰּۻۣͷĻһӼŭ
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ַ˵ĲɽпԹصʯѾˣͨΨһĳֱַȫסɽеĻַ׷ȥҲǱɡ
Ҫŵԡ
ȻʳԶʵĿԺܴ󣬵ȴһѣһسŵĻԼһ·ԿĻ·һһ㲻ʡ
սս˳ȻŬԼ壬ʹȻһ㣬СȵĲ϶¶ĵĵ֮顣
ַúڶǹڶȴûпǹĲ΢һ㣬ϸ¶һɵЦ˵ˣղλû°ɣ
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ɵĻַ˵ղҵλµĻղˡ
ĶΪԼܵĻ飬ȱ㣬ƯŮ¶ģԼʱᡣ
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ͻȻһƬգַͻȻ𣺡Ͻȥһ㡣
ͷַ㵱ȻߣһͷֲԼߣԱ֤Լİȫ
Ҫһǣһͷ޵Ļ˵ô´£ϾĿǰ໹ûһ˿ձԼСܡ
˵һЩĵ˻Ͷ˹ޣû˻ţҲ鷳ͷսǱ֮Уȴһȫİ취
ŰкڶŤռ䣬˼ղۿַ㽫ͷ컢뼸ʮͷ챪ӵʬ˽ȥǸŤռ便ʲô
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ϣһʮ꣬Ȼ廹ûгɣģŮעǸŮ΢΢ģΪɰ
ʱһ̫ʦϣ¶СȲͣҡΣһ߸ϵģ
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ܣѪϽѪͳ߹һ壬ǴǵĴڡ
Ȼڱ⣬ȴڴŻ⡣
ǰŻ˳۵СӦżĲŮԼŮסǸħ֮ززԼͿ뿪ˡ
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뵽۾΢΢¶޺ı飬ȴȻ
СһźÿС˵ҲʲôںģòŪȻú㣬Ժҵ߼סԺֽдܣʲôں
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뱩壬Ϯʱһǿĵȫ飬צĵСճ˽ɫ
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Ūſда̵ı飬ͭ𣺡ܾȻϮңҲ̫СƱ˰ɣϣǸħ֮⣬˭Ҳ£ֶΣҲ㡭
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ûбץסѱȻˣĴ۾ʵ𣿡
оǸаŮ֪ʲôԼûжô֪ԼҪԸأԼһˣ¶
ܣҿԸ㣬Ե粨Ѿ쳣Ĳ㻹˵ûҶ˼ҲŰ㡭
ǰְѸղŵǰ̫ʦΰ˹ȥվϣļСҿذоǰ˸
лЩףСѾͷôСôô󣬾ȻܰһǧԼð⣬ӻ˱壬Ǹƻеһȡ
òƿɰСŮŹܿȴԼ屻һεסˣһ㶼ˣֻչ˵ĿŹ
޳̾һĵżżеŮ̫ˣԼе뷨֪Լʵһɡ
ֲǸ˸ҰԼŽԭⲻǸ˴⣬˼ǵĽ
֪֮ԳôݣΪаַ㣬˲Ż˿Ź֪лô롣
ַĶϾȻһ˿жȻƽʵôˣ
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ǸϽ׷ȥǸԹ޼أôˣֻ֣ʤһ˻ѹס
ǰɣǸվ˵ʦˣǲ鵹ҲˣѵǶ𱨣ûԣ
ҲѹĶ᲻ţ˵ȷ٣Ǹոձ˾ˣͶԾ˶ֵ˻ǲࡣ
ַϾһһڣʱ滷Ѿѣ֮ҲѾ˼ҳ㷹ƽҲˡ
ȻĿǰһлûһĩôпᣬֶ𱨵Ҳĩںټ
ַȴò׼һ벻飬ԼΪӦԶĪ
һҲȷ֮Ĳޡ


63  ̻
ϱüΪѿûϵҹȻн
ĳ̶ֳϣҪԲŮ˵ظһδµСŮظ˱ҵǸŮижŭ
ά棬һǿСŮҪظһ
û뵽Լ֮¶վΧ˶ñĵĿ⿴·һǧָĴˣִܺߡ
ҧأ˾޴ĴܸС
ԭԼһȻʧܣԼεվԼĶ棬һоΪʲôѵǶʼַƭ
Ƶսĵ׼һˣ˵ҹ
ųûÿҲûаγǹţͦظųԶıǲܿߴ·ҪԻŵ˶֣ǽһңҵʬ̤ȥɣ
мųӳվųһǽ໥ӡ
ǰųһųսֲɵ΢΢һ
вɵĩͻȻٵʱĺܶ£ʱΪһҴĵײ٣ʱΪһųʿʱ͸ֱ죬Ѿµһų
վĶεˣҲǻᱳЩȴһ𷴶ԼѵԼˣ˵˶ˡ
ֲͻȻһ˿ãеսȥ
ŵűҲĳһֻˣʦһ㣬ȻǻӪıࡣ
кܶΪ˵ĴܹѾǺܲˡ
еսҲƽղŴǼ¡
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ǸıӰǵʦˣǻӪˣ׷׻
ͻȻᣬǸϤӰһ̣оȻоһ˿Ҹ
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˵仰ȻǵһݶĸǣЩŮһϲӵһ𣬲ڶԷϲϵţԱԼеϲ֮顣
мŮ̫Ȼס˼б
ȵǷͷʱȴб޹˵£ҿʲôûԼҿǵģҲôҵļҲʱԽġ

ŮƿЩб¶һ˿ɬ漴ֱסһŮ黶
Ϊһ˵ĵСַˡ
ַһۣղŵִҪ綯ֵĻѾǹ͵ػˡ
ȻԱ˵ɱһнһ飬ַ˵ûʲô˵顣
Ҳмĵ£ɱԺƴ
ַȴаڼ̵ʱڽеķߣ˵ĩаһĻ棬ˣҲܱӻˣʱҪ˻мأ
ûз´Ľַ֣Ҳе⡣
Ͼּˣ
ЩûԵ
Ҳ⻰ʸףֲġ
ǳǼͷֵʵǼǧַûκλӳĿܵģʸס
ַһʼ˵ãȺֻû˹֮ǰ˳
ַҲòô˵˵ԼɱͷֵĻһĻɣʹԼϵ۽Ϣй¶ȥ
Ȼй¶ȥ֮ԼֻҪ뿪ǣ˱Լû취ڻûеõʮ·ݵǸǿż֮ǰȴ뿪ǣõʱ˱ˡ
ĺá
ȻҲַĽͣҲ˵ַΪʲôӳЩ컢Ϊʲôûг˻ɱ
ַʵʵ˵˵Լɱͷ컢֣һͷ²һͷĻֻţʶַüǵĻش̡
ϣ´μʱ㻹ĺ
˵仰֮ĲಿӼɽʦһЩʿߵʱȻøмĿ⿴ַһۣ̤;
ַҲûһߣϾ˫ǵͬΪˡ
ʣһʱ䣬ӪͣͣԽǰߣʿʬʬԽԽ࣬·ϻżһЩɢСӣǲħɽǰУˡ
Щַʱ۾Ǿַ֣ץȫǹе
Ĺ涨ĲӼǰܵʿ֮󣬿ԽЩʿ͵ػɱ
ַȴûô֪ԼȻᣬѪЩʿˣȻϾҲֻΪ˻ȥǳʲôаĿġ
ַϵħɽʱ΢һ£뿪ǵħɽѾȥ˽µʱ䡣
ħɽ£Ӫܲ
ԼʮԲʮɽΧ˸ˮйͨ
Ӫ֮в˱ַ㰵üǵóʱʮˣħɽ£ȴʣ˶ʮ򣬸ʧ롣
ȻһЩСɲΪܵ޵ûиϹһ־ӱɢ֮ӻ˱ǣǱϾǺٵһ֡
Ҳ˵µʱѾнʮʿǵõһҲǹ˹ϳѣҵĴսûпʼ
ûѶַ˵ˡ
СĸٸӪ̻ķӪܽĵطӪկ
һ֮Ůѹ˵Ҫ㡣
ַС̻ķӪȻֽзӪȴҲһǿʦıƣǧŮɡ
̻ʱǰżŮСȻ˵ֽ̹٣ǵһǾ룬ǷӪˡ
ѵǰûһ˽Ƭ𣿡
ַҲһ˿ĬСȻ˵ǵȻˣһôǾŴ˵ķۡ
ַҲ֪С̻ķʲô壬֪̻ԼӪͣǲǻĺ塣
̻ľʣڿ̻۾ͻȻһվһͨĶǻα¶ɡ
ַ㻹ע⵽̻زƺǰһЩ
Ȼµļо̻ϵƤȻ۵ĿԵˮĴȻԲȻˡ
ַ̾һоԼλŮǰҲ޷ֹȥĮƽ
̻ƼƵһЦ˵һ·ϻɣ
ַ㲻֪˵⻰ʲôʵΪʲôô˵أ
ǿ佱ѽĲӴӱǳ嵽϶ʧ룬ĻӪ˼ʮˣѵҲÿ㼸𣿡
ǧҪңҪһ὾ģһи㡣
ԭҲôɰһ棬֪ܲľ˾ʱ򣬶˵ǸѪʯͷҿȴǸĮĻмᶨˡ
̻΢΢һЦ¶˺ÿıݡ
ַ΢΢һһȷǸΪʮֿȵˣһһεƭʼԼǿȡ֮һ
̻ǰȴԼȥαߣҲɰŮǰչʾһԼ
㣬ħɽľôˣ
ʲôôҹ˵ȻɽǿԳȴ޲ߣҪǵ鱨صĴͷԳָǧǧĿֲޡ
Ҳ֪¾ǿĳŸոճһǧ㣬֣ǱҲ·һͨʿʲôҲˡ
˾ȻҲһսɳһΪصǿЭǣĿǰҲûлɱԳֵİա
ַͻȻڵ˵Ķ˾Ǹˣǲһоĳࣿ
㡭ô֪˵Ĵڣҹ˾֮⣬˵֪ﶼ֪Ĵڣô֪˾ǰôһ˵ģ
ַ㳤̾һԼһСģְѻ˵ˣҲ̻Ů̫̫ջˣʹԼǰ񲻶й¶
Լ֪֮ǸصػڶߣȻһļ䡣
Ǹо˼͵һֱڰУֱĩڣңͻȻֵĹڵ
ӵϽԼǸͼ٣֪ڲôܵ顣
˵յĸˮַҲĲ֪ζ̻һˡ


64  
ôˣŹħɽ£ѵҪ޹𣿡
ַ޷ش𲻸Ϊʲô֪˴ڣֻй⡣
̻Ǿ͸Ůַ֪֮ԲشԼ⣬һΪûش𣬻߲ܻشĸûԼһأ
̻Դ˵˵֮⣬ǻʲô취գɽϵĹͻͻϮǵӪأǵĴشĴι޵ĳ˵߸ǲ
ǿĹǰʿеļǹֻǸЦ߰ˣǵľӸʲô
Ҳ϶սذܣΪеǿߣڼǧĹǰûһ㻹ֻ֮ҪͷԳһҹͷǿĲ˼Ĺһĳ࣬˳ǻô
ַüͷ߸γһΡ
е˱Ļһֺܴ⡣
ԵΪǲܳһǳĻɽϵĹ˵ûɱ޴ƹǣֱӴ뱱ǣϣ֮ľ񶼼޵ɱǵĻڵıǸ޷ֿʱ޴пɳ׻๲ͬļ԰
ַ˼һ£ԽоԼƲкܴĵĲӶֵס޵ĽҪ˵ڵıǼΪһճˣĹΧǣЩ޼Եսʿƽʲô
һƣպǿϣ֮Ǳ᲻ڡ
Ϊǰеϣ֮ǣһ޻ٵĻ˵ЧӦɻľڵϣ֮ǵȫʧ
һ֮УǻľڵֿҪսԻ֮һĵıǶˣӦѿֻŲȫأȫֿĳʧ
һеĺԼй¶˹޹ǵܣɴƶȷ˵Ľƻȴ±ĴʿڻɽУ˱Ǳ޹ơ
ĻԼȫˣԼıʷԼнʷϹǾħɽϵǿޣסǡ
ȻĿǰַﵽһǧ㣬ϵ۽Ļ޳Ǳȥ
ڿϵ۽֮󣬽ɱͷֲԳ֣ħɽǹ޵ϳԼɱԳ֮ȫ
ֻ¼ǧĹޣħɽϾһԼϵ۽ôŹԼԼô뿪ħɽ
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̻ӲˣҪȻɽϵĹ޳ûȥǽ᳹״ӵͼʧҲС
һΣֱַӺֶ̻㣬̻΢΢һһ˿Ĺâƺ׽һЩʲô
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ǱˣľҲ˹¾Ҳ޴ġ
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Ҳ֪»ˣôľӣĸϣ֮ǲӭȥͶ˵ĸϣ֮ǣһھ˾ְҲĻ̻̣ҿ⼸ʮʱнĿܡ
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ַͻȻеܻƣԼﱱǣ˱Ǳ޽һ֣˵Ǳ޹ˣԼǻĵһˣȫһˡ
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ҹɷ컹Ӧöǲֳ֧ģϾһҲˣǶԱǺиˣڶԳĻľ־ƽ㲻ҷŭ׷ʱֻʣһˣҲð֮踶ԳʱǱлͷԳֵĻˡ
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ַҲ̾һԼȻΣ¶˺ܶţ˵̻Լܹ˽͸е󲻽⡣
ַɵ˵߸ϵĴԸȻѲ²⣬ܲܰɣֻҪ̻ôеˡ
һβ⡣
Ҵеû⣬òԹħɽļƻǼֵҲ顣
ҵļƻǣɳеǿߣǱħɽɱͷԳǿĹޣֻҪЩͷһħɽ㲻ơ
̻񿴸һַ㣬漴̾µ鱨ħɽϵͷԳǧ㼯ٶǿߣҲδؿͻħɽɱͷԳ֣һ£ǾǿĳҲһǧһǧǧ㣬ѵΪгɹĻ᣿
Ȼ᲻󣬵ǲܿűǱ޻𡣡
ϣ˭ȥͻϮħɽ
ȴϾ֪ǿսʿپңͬȥٺҲ˱ͲͬͻϮħɽ̰ҲһԸȥħɽġ
̻һЩŵʵȥ
ȥȻԽԽãһǧսʿȥҲǰȥĿǰܹﵽһǧǿߣҲֻ뾣ˣֲμôΣյжģֻ뾣ȥ
磬ʹôһɢҲûʲô⣬뾣ȥħɽɱͷǿԳֻ֣Ҳ޷Һܵ뾣İȫ
̻Ҿõıǵϰ˵İΣֻҪܹɱԳ֣ܳŤתս֣ǵҲֵõġ
ӢͬǰҲ飬ǵƾһˣûκγɹϣƫƫֶԾİʾװɵʹƻ޷У뾣һͬġ
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־ƽĵһӦַӽˮˣַȻǿҲֻһǧǸǶƵˣʵôҲûҲǿȥ
˾Ȼ췽ҹ̷뷨ǲǷˣǻˡ
ҹɷȴƻʾ֧֣־ƽҲûзԣҲȥðգһַ뾣ĳɹĻǸߣ֮Ͳɽı·
ַ뾣ַ֮һĿ⾼ľкøУȻһžĴȴһֱԵ
ڴʱһԹ۲ַ㣬ַЩͻͽе͡
˼֮еӢϧӢ۵ʵ
̻һۣ˵ǰȥҲģǡһýҾӪͽһȥɣ
˭ȥûϵֻ̫Ϊǵۣħɽ£ֻҲ޷չ
ȴֱʵǸ˭
䲻󣬵ôҵǸӽ
˵ͷû˵ǰû˵ŮȴЩ̫ǸᲢۡ
ϾַܹΪȫǿߣвԼŬкĳɷ֣ǸŮôܱԼ
ַȴͬ찤һúðûлعˡ
ĩڻǿŮսʿȫʮ󳬼Ůսʿ֮һ
첻ǻʮ󳬼սʿԼһڻɽӰһҵսʿ
벻δȫǰʮĳŮսʿ֮һȻ̻ĺýá
ַε𾪣̻һÿü˵ΪʲôôķӦӦò֪˰ɣ֪Ǹʶ㣿
ûʲôֺֻио·ȥ˵һвŻЩ졭
ַǳһ̻ܹͣܡ
ֻȻһЦ˵Ȼǲԣһоͺ˵ˡ


65  
ַ֪뾣ҪȥħɽɱͷԳֵϢֱ֮֮Աǡ
ַ£ϾħɽϵĴֲ̫ˣжһԷѪս׵ľ
־ƽȤѯʵ֣Ϊַȥħɽ͵ϮͷԳ֣мɳɹϣأ
ʵ˵ַĳɹɵͷԳֵĻ߻ֵܣϾǵԴڱǣǱˣȺбܽҲ˰ַۣȴûκλɹĻᡣ
֣˼ǡ
ǲܰϣһϣһͶҪϵֻϧڱളµĻҵôˡ
ǴӦҹ̻᳷ģ
¶һ˿Īı˵ǵȻھͳ˵ҲۿַǸʶ̧ٵļһôȺ޸ŰֻҪַϢһµʿƿϳ룬ñ޴׷ϡ
㣬ң
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΢΢һüͷƺ̷ѧһСŮΪ̻ЦشжôһδСŮμأ
ϢȥĻֻе˶ᱻ˳ЦΪЩǿ̰ŰôɰһСŮơ
ַȴ¶֮ɫȻΣһǧٵַ۾ȴĩʮ֮ãСαװƣǱ׻ôˡ
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ڵԼһǧ㣬Լ¡
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Ů۹⣬Ĵ۾ȻʵҲԼ˶١
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źذףǡЦ棬桭
ֽ̹٣ıܴСǴ˵е
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ַȸ߸Ծʮףͨذ״ʯȹ壬ٵĳɽȥ
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;УΪַ̽ϣμӿٶͼַ˦ں棬ٶȿ죬ַٶҲ죬һַٶҲ
̾һַԶԼ֮ϣԼǿˣȴҲ׷ٶȣԼǰǵ͹ˡ
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ʱͷͻȻ̽һˮͰ֣ʮ׵ľʹǣһŷݣȥֲ֪ܿʲôޡ
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һΪ̶𣺡һֱвã벻ȻвļһˣԹҵʳɡ


66  ǹ
ˮͰֵĴǳƹеһذͻȻ
ذշٶȣԶԶӵٶȣ˲˼ֲ˳ʮɣͬˮһĹ޴ϡ

ھ޴ĳ֮£ˮͰĴжϣ䵽׵УǰСɵذףڹᴩͷ޴󴥽ǵͬʱڿдһ·ɵСϡ
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ھ޴ٶȵĳ֮£ذȴתƻֱӽֻǽΪΣջذףʾ˸Ĳɡ
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ȻǾɽһξ룬ֻǼȻڸ֣˵һ֮أַų̽ķȥ
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ƽϣһ˶뼸ʮĴɣÿǶмʮɳǵһŷݲϲ
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һͷ˵ı£Щ޾α죬᳹׸ıģ
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ַеذѸٱһѳͷǹ˹ȥ仯һѵ
ЦеһѼıǰѱͼΪԶԶȥЩʹõĵ߱ıȻƯʹֻ²̫㡣
ɱ仯ȻԱĿеκģŮԣŰԼı硣
ȻĴǹѾﵽǧ㣬ַ㲢ֱ˹ȥӽնɱǲ˹ַıն䡣
Ѫˮء
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ַ㳤һӣڴǹַ˶ϻһӣ˫һ˺ͷǹڡ
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ǹֵַƴǼֻҴĴǷ·һʱĴڸʯϣΧʯͷ˷ĩȴȻͲ˺ѷεʹС
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ͻȻһͷԵһˣַѪȵֶθе𾪣Ϊ⣬ҲҪȥ棬СŮľô˷
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ˣַһݺʮһϰںڰеˣǿټͽСҪѲߵĹޣһ·ǰвѡ
ϧҲ֪ͷԳֵľصֻĿĵѰңỹˡ
ַ΢΢𶯣Ȼд͹ڿǣ˸һߡ
ʱɿͷߴʮ׵ľʨ˹ͷʨ֣κһͷǧ㡣
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ͷʨԽԽһͷʨ˵֣˵Գϴϣħɽֵȫɽɽµһսʤϣ𣿡
ǽͷʨ˲࣬ʹ˵֮ʱȻȻľԡ
һͷʨְȻ˵ʤȻǵģЩǵֵССֵɽµ˼ѾǵЩֻ˺ЩСֵܣĴڣûκãȻҲûǿߣĴս൱ȻǱɡ
ãôʳǳԺóһʱˡ
ַ뾣һۣ˫е𾪡
벻ħɽ޶෢𷴹ӣĿǰֻ»סħɽϹ޵ȫ
ĳĳЭҲ˵ȫԣ粻ɣһĻ˵ûиϵħɽħɽϵйޱѾȥˡ
ʮ˵жڽ죬ǧһʱڵˡ
ҿЩ޸ղһͷԳͷˣֻҪ˳ͷʨֵԭ·ҹȥһҵͷԳֵϳ
ַĴ֮£һϳǸΣյĵصԽԽܱߵĹԽԽ࣬ǿĹҲԽԽ࣬Ȼǲûߴ·
ͻȻַеһּΪֲһɽзٴθеΣյ١
һ˲඼ͣһ£ǵĿڶɽĵвŻᷴӦôҡ
֣ӣҵͷĲصˡ


67  Ưһ

ǰɽѾоĴˡ
̫ˣкϷˡ
ַͻȻ棬ȷԼ߰꣬ʮꡣ
ǿַȻɣǶСŮԸе͸
˵ʮСŮŮ˰ɣôǸ˾Ӷͯһֻ֪֡
ַе˼崿ȥһܺõŹ㣬ʵȴǡǡ෴
ţͻȻΧĻͽǴͷԳ򽻸Ҵá
Уָ㲻ôֵôٵҡ
֣֪˼ҲԸһðգͷԳǧһ֣ɱĿҲǺܴԼһ˽ȥĻֻǱɣұҪһȥϣףɱͷԳֲҲ˵񡣡
ַ³ɵۣˡ
㵥ǹƥɱȥϵ۽Ӧÿ׵ͷԳ֣ٴһɱɽȥӳ졣
Ǿȴ֧ͬǰҪǣһȥҲǳԺ⣬һǧǧ㣬ַȷûκȡʤϣܾĺ⣬ԵĲϵ
ðɣСĵ㡭
΢΢һüַĻƺĲ󣬶˵ȷǸСĴǿѹֻܲ
˲ûзѶҵ˸һɽֻһۣ㱻ɽĹģסˡ
ɽĿռƽһ˵ľӽ棬Ҳúӵ
ǿϲԼ߰Ųͬɽ˵ûκιػĳɽȥ
ȻɽһƬڣ˵Զͨˣǵ۾Ҳ˺ܴı䣬ԿҹĻڸǵκδڡ
Ǻܿ챻ǰһĻݺˡ
һֱɴĴ۾־˵
һͷԼףڳëһ˫ɫ۾ŷľԳڽʳ
ȻԳĳֲֲܿʳĳ棬ɱ¾ַ㶼ǰһЩֲ
Ȼ󣬵ϾǸСŮĵС죬ԼһͻȻε
ڰľɽʮɽһǿ־İв¶ɫ
Щˣ󲿷ֶǶӳųһľ٣ÿ˵ٶİٵңȻǶǸķ²ץġ
Щˣκһһɲݺӵľ޴ڣȴһţںڰвϲȴŲԤĶ˽١
ԳһУɽҡ
Գͷǿʨ֣ǵ֫΢΢ȻǵҲﵽǧ㣬ԳֵĺҲɪɪ
ǲԳֵ£ԳֵĶֵĻղŹ޵˻бԽƵңڷ붼롣
ͻȻеԼѾͷԳֵˣȻ벻Լ˶Է
ͻȻ֣ͷԳֵѾǧ㣬ӽǧ㡣
ǵҪɱͷԳ֣ѶȲһֻҪ̵һͷ
ǵĴɱжʧ֮ˣɢһ̣ͻȻеԼһˡ
뵽Լ룬Ǿ׷涫ƣɱйޣһͬ磬һǲˡ
ɫ԰ףĴ۾Ҳʧȥյʣ뵽ǣԼΪ࣬ûԼ룬ǾǳΪȫʢŮս񣬾֪ɽˣͷĹǰеԼܻ뿪ˡ
֪ĿͻȻ䵽ַϣַ㻹Ǹ̩֮Ȼ״򲻶ģһͻȻƽеǰһвղ˿ֲˡ
˫˿ɰĺΣԼЩ˵壬ԼΪʲôַůĿ֮󣬻ҵľͻȻƽиһ˵ĸӸ顣
ַҲǱƽѣϾܿϵ۽һͷǿԳֵĻȴûκ⡣
һǣԼܶ뾣˲ܲˣ
ղŽʱҲ֪ΣգȻʾҪԼͬԼһô죬Լϵ۽Լһǧ屶֮󣬲ǧͷԳǲһǧ㡣
Լϵ۽õĿֲֻα̶̵ֻܳӣ֮ڣ뱾ﵽǧĹȣ
Ͼ͸֧ĿֲԶԶ籾־öйԼǧαܹʤͷԳֵıﵽǧʵ
˴Ĳ࣬ȫʧȥ˳ֵȤҲǱɵʱǿ߾ϵøһеȥĿԼԷ
Ҳиֵϡ
ֻеȣȵԳ¶ʱƴԼҲҪԳһ
ַò⣬ԼֵĻǷܹɱͷԳ֮ٴžһɱħɽ
ΪԼ˶ʮĩģƾЩԼͿƿһˡ
Щ飬ǲܱԼƿأЩѾԼƿص
໡
Գ˻޴һӾʮˣʹǵ岻ڿƯԳָߴ΢΢һݣʮ˱ĿС
ԳصʱǽٶֵڽµʯϣɽöҡĻҳССʯһء
ڱǻһĶӣҲˣҵĶô죿
Ҳˣҵϸ׻Ϊûݺҹʳġ
ʣµļʮ˱ͷʹޣȴûһ㷴뷨̫ǿĵѾ״ݻеķ־
Գ˿Щʿİ׽һ죬³һصĹͷмʮһͷڵϲϹ
ǼͷڵϹ·һصĻͷ
һ˵ľ񳹵ױˣͻȻ˳ԳֹڵأеҪɱңҪɱңԸΪκ¡
һ˳һŽղߵڵأսʿ㶪ˣȥ
Գ俴һУϵıûκβ
ħɽЩ²˴ŵʳЩʳԹ޵ʱװһȻģйƿڴ
еʳֻɪɪһ仰Ҳ˵еʳģ޹֮ҲԹƿڴ
еʳֱӶԹǹģ䣬˵ֻҪȥѴ
Գʼ޶ԣʳʲôҲ˵ֻг׳ԵſЩʳԵ档
Գһ죬ĵľ٣ߴǸˣʮͷʹ޵ľǣֱԳǹǿ˺Ϊһصͷͷ
ӣʮǱȫԳɣüȥ뵽˫̫ǿסˡ
еĿֻȴԽԽǿңֻҪͷԳɱħɽУʲôʿǿߣδͷԳֵĶ֡
ɽµȷǸóˣҪȻһҲ߲ˡ
Ǿ˻رǣͷԳ׷˱ǣʱҲӳƵĶˣѵʿǻҪӵϷϣ֮ȥѡ
ӵϷϣ֮ǣͷԳ׷ȥĻʱôֿ
ѵȫĵ˶ҪһͷԳָնɱ
ܹһһĻκοǣĿǰǣ޷Գ
ַҲǷ֮飬ѾϣԼƿصķΧһôûá
ͻȻһǿַ㣬һ˺ɽм䣬ͷԳ۾ǣȻѾַˣ彫קǰ


68  ҽ

ԳֲżɱַˣǸЦ
ЩҲе⣬ܲȥ⼸󵨵ཻһ¡
Գֲ֪ǣ¶ѪܵĹͷĵҪСŮб顣
ͷֲ޷Ĺǰȴ˵һ仰
ʿǣɱҵģ𣿡
Գ鳤දԶʤһڶα֮£ǻ۸Զͨˣ˲³ַ˵⡣
ͷʨҲŭֻҪԳһ仰Ǿ˹ַ˺Ƭ
Գƺ⼸ܸȤǶЩ˲ľٶܸȤ˲ûͷʨ˹ȥ˺ǡ
ЦЦ˵ʧˣû뵽ǿ󡭡
Գֵͺһ˵ǵҲһǧ㣬УҲһˣҪɱңȴûʸ񣬲ɼεķϣҿԸһֵĻᡣ
ϡ
Ȼ֪ԼԶԶԳ֣ҲԴУԥԳ֣Ҳһ
Գ֣ԳǶʳھЩ޶಻УǼ棬ʲô˵ġ
ԳȥַҪֹȴҲˡ
ҲףڽӽǧԳǰ˸ûκλᣬҲȥ
Գצһ޴ɨֱɡ
ַ㰵вͻȻǰס֮󲻶Ϻˣͬʱָ̽һɾʹþ˵ٶԽ
Ȼˣ䵽ʯ֮һƬʯмֱ֮ˤ˹ȥ
ҵľɨĴΪԼᱻȴһůĻС
Գֻɾֱ̫ӽȹȫ飬ֻʣһǳɫӡһֻڿ㱣סҪĵط
ĵַĻûлţķ۰Χ
ַ뾣һ㣬϶Ƥףϵ·ûб飬ھϵƤһ㣬Ƥ׾װ򱻸ӡ
ȻˤĻ˹ȥ²壬Ҳ̶á
Լ⸱ģһŷӦŷһ̶ļ
Ѿͷ֮ԶԳͷʨֶĤ죬ת·ͻȻһǶǰը
ַȻûκηӦȴŮļҲʵֲģٴһ㣬˵ͷԳĶӣԼҲôЩ޿սˡ
ղ̶ļУŻްɰСŮַи̾ǧǰɰСŮҲһצԹ뵽ַͻȻһ䡣
Ŀ漴䵽ϣǷܱסǳΪһսʧļ䣬ĳһ˿ֲԹأ
еַ㣬״Ϻˣڰ˲İΧ䵽ϵʱȴֻеŴۣЦеĿһȻ
۹ƶ֮ʱǰ׻һƬַɫҲһ˿仯Ÿоס
Ͻסǰոտʼɳ䣬һĹĵģ·ڵĲȫַɵġ
ְַԼϵƤװװ£ϣѸٻһǳɫȹʹһԵޡ
ַսǱеƤףƼߣı̬ŮԴҿԱκԼϲĿʽ
彿Сַֻһ£ͿԸ塣
̻ֵֻܸģʱַѰˣԼܲܰѿӶɡ
ַʵļͣ˵ãȴһԼ·ռ˱ˣøŮе˵å
ַ㳹һУκŮ˶룬˻ûһŮ˵Ǹå
Ȼˣ˵Ѫ飬ŮŮȴǡ
åַ㻹ǵһ
ǰʼΪĻӦĶ˵Ÿһ㣬ǱѽˣֲСѾͷ⣬һûʱ䣬Լ粻ݵĻԵԼҲСѾͷķˡ
Գ˷ܵ˻˼ĩһûһ˿һаʽҲһЩνּį
ղҲûаַ㾣˷У֮Уַ㣬ȻŹֵԼĹȥľȫжַԶʤһһŮ
Ȼлûаַ㿴һĶַ֣ǸһĶ֡
ڼį˺ܾԺҲϣһеˣŻ˸ˡ
ַһ仰ȴԳֵĴü
ߣҽ
ԳֻΪԼˣһֻһǧС࣬ȻвһﵽǧĴڣһڶԷϳĪǾೣ˵Ц
ȻϲţԼɵԳֲϲΪǵ࣬Ϸˣһµ鶼ʧȥˣһС
ҵӡҳԵ࣬Ҳ˰ɣûһЦҺܲϲҸЦˣֻгԵ㣬һסġ
ַЦԳҲǲ˽ΪˣȻһַ֪ǸЦˣĻҲҪԳֿģȷԳܾ˵
ϵ۽Ļ㲻ʤҪͷԳͬھûģȴô
Լˣô죬Ķô죬ЩԼõô죿
žЭֻҪԳַŹˣͷԳͬھĴ㡣
ڱǵˣȫĵˣʱѾûЩˡ
һ̣֪Լܣ˵˵ԼɱͷԳ֣Ǿͱضע
һ̣ѡ˱ԼԼߵˣȱȻĵŵһߡ
ַ˵⻰ȷг⣬ͷԳȴַ߱вԥľܾˡ
ܿ췢֣ԼһĴΪصĴۡ
ȥɡ
Գֱַ㣬Ҫַ˺Ƭ
ַ㲻ԥϵ۽غĵɢһ˲䣬ʹڵﵽǧ֮ࡣ
ⲻ˼һĻһֱ𾪵˹ȥ
ĩ£ǿĳ࣬Ҳᳬһǧٵ㡣
ַֻһͨ࣬ôͻȻǿأĪԼĴ
ԣһǴԼѾˣŻĪĴ

ħɽ£е˾߼Աüһã̻ɫȴԽԽѿַ㾣ѾСʱˣռ㣬ͷԳֵĻ͸ɱͷԳָϻˡ
ɽȴûκζ޴ҵҲ˵ַ˲ûɱͷԳ֣ǲ˵ַ㣬ˣѾħɽأ
ѵԼһ֮ڣԼҪʧȥԼı밵
۾΢Цַ̾ǸȻ군ˡ
Ϊ뷨Ǿַ㲻ɱͷԳ֣Сʱȥˣ֤ʵ뷨ԼҪΪ׼ˡ
µһľ˳˵ҹ˾˾˾ҿַøѾħɽˣѵǻɱͷԳ֣ͷԳֵǧַ֮࣬Ƕ٣Ҳᳬһǧ㣬˾ûа취ɵ飬ѵǸܹɲɣ
ҹõʵؾ˼ǡ
ǸΪǵķѾˣǲٵˣ硭
ĶͻȻվ˵صģ˵˭Ƿӣ
Ķ֣ʤͨսʿݣ޷μĸ߲飬Ķ֣ʤַϵ˲ʹ̻һ
ĶԼеЩЦͬʱЩŭ
ǵһʵľ֮һλݲ̻ȴһͨսʿʡ
ȻмΪƲĶȴԷ
˵ķӱĴַ㣬һ֪ߵغļһļһȻɱħɽĹͷ죬ҿѾ޸ˣԤϵĲĻڶñ޴ƨˡ
˶ΪĶᲪȻŭϾַĹϵ̫һˡ
Ķɫȴƽ΢Ц˵ѸղŵĻ˵һ飡
⻰֮һĳ벻мϵְѻظһ飬ظĻȴȸղ˵ĻҪ񶾡
Ķһ΢ЦеĽָͻȻΪһѳ͵ĻĺѪˮɡ
òŵĿ⿴һУû뵽εʱû뵽ôƤӵ£ĶȻҶ֣һ־֡
Ѫĺ˳۷ףҲĵڵϳ鶯˼£ʹȥ
˶סˣõн㱱ǵ˾ƶɱĸ߼죬ĶȴʲôҲ˵ɱ
ŭˣΪŭŤĶǰɱĵ֣ⲻڵһĶ⡣
֣ﻹĶ֮ϣ³ףټûϵĶô󵨣Ķǰ֮ʱûгֹڿĶ֮Ҫȴˡ

ŭУһļʮٷ׷ͳ뼤ǹ׼ĶԴԴԼͬű


69  
Էŭĵһڶ٣ĶϵķһͶ徫ѸСе
Ϊĸ߸߾˫˵֣Ͷˣλ֣Сǹ߻𣬲Ҫǹҡ
ĶҲ֪˶٣ԷһϲԼΪԼҰôȴûϵԼĸҶ¶֡
ַѬȾ֮£ĶϵķӳַĲûаԥɱ
һһŭˣ֧ǹͬʱ׼ĶһһֵĻһᱻǹӡ
һ㣬ĶŹͶһ˾ûжֵĽˡ
Ժ飬ԼΪַˣǸûĵܻһΪԼΧġ
ļҲѼǹԶ˵һˣΪĶ󣬴ڵĿȻţ˫š
ҹͻȻеˮˤ˵ϣһļµĲУλϵ˾˵ʲôĻҿǻϼң
ҹߵĻǰøͬʱ׼ĵһˡ
һ˷׷ױɫȻǿ߲࣬˵սµһ˼Ҳҹ֧ȺսսӵĶ֡
˵СĿռУһս˫֮оʤߣյĽҲͬھ
ֹԼµ³çΪеı
ô˵һһ߼죬ҲҪ˵ԼڵվסţαӲƴ
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˵ҹ˾ҵˣ˵ô죿
־ƽһ˵ĶһսʿȻϮɱõн⻹𣬾͵ǹҲˡ
־ƽΪľ˾Ļŵľ˵־ΪˣԱȴС
ֽ̹٣Ķ
ǣǡֽ̹Ϊ˳ƫƫ˵ɱ
˷׷ΪĶ˵̻û˵ʲô
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ҹҲоЩΪѣϾһˣĻһнȻҪԵһ
ҹĿ˵˾Ϊô
һ˵ҹ˾һִɽԾϵάǲ֪ҹ˾һһĽģұҲûκҪ󣬵ұһ£Ǿɱҵһˣ
˷׷εſڱտھҪĶ⻹˵ԼûκҪ
ĶôǰӵɱˣɱĻһнվ棬Ҳݡ
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ռ˵ֶ£ֻյҲĶǹС
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ҹͻȻ˵Ѻرǣ
Ҳһ˿ŭ
ⲻΪ˰ο˵һջˣڵıǲܴȥʱпܱ޹ƵΣգֳϦ״£ﻹʲôһ˵
˵챱˾ˣĶֿԴҡڵĴӼ߳ˡ
˵Ķұǽ죡
̻ͻȻ˵Ķ֮ɱнҪֽ̹ٲģнҲй
дҲҵһˣҪɱҲֲ˶֣һ仰첻ɱĶҵһһ˱
ĿԽԽǿӲ
ɷһ˵Ķȥʾ󴦾
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ʱ̻Сʱʱ䣬ַûĻʱȫܸϻַˣҲΪĶһСһַ
ΣڲϵЭ뱻Э߸˿ĩҲȻ벻ŻЭ
ɷôһ˵Ҳûзԣ˵ҲַܻΪ˼ʱͬʱҹɷ졣
ĶסֽţƳȥʱĬĬϴ󣬿ɣҵСָأ֪Ǹ˭㶼ˡ

ԳеͻȻǿҵ𾪣벻ףǰΪʲôһӱôǿȻһ˲Ҳ˶١
Ȼַĳʱޣȴûȥһɱûʹ
ͻȻһŤĿռ䣬ռڴһ̽ľͳĽ
̾һǺѽԿôĳ棬еıǺ׶೤֪֧Ľж೤ôıָôʹأ
ַ߸Ծαס˱ĽԳֵݺѾﵽǧ㣬ǿˡ
һΣַֻùԣһͷǧʨӸԴȴǿĽԳϿȥ
ַϾǵһıԳսҲ֪ѱжǿ룬ڻıܹǰʮҪնɱͷԳӦòɣ
޴ΣϮԱԳǧȻַг׵ıӲһ㵽һߣҲѱƺر𣬿ҲС
̫ˣָ֪ŪôһѱʱҲҪŪһѡ
Լ׵ĶͷԼָϺݺҧһڣʹֱ亹ʱȷԼ䣬ҲΣû
ȴ벻ףΪʲôַͻȻǿǧ㣬һ˿ֲı
ַһգĽݺݻ˵ϵʯϡ
ҡΣӲʯϣǱһףʮ׵ľѷ죬ʯмֱ˾޴ʯѷ֮С
ضɽҡ
һ㽫ǧʱγɵȻɽһ޴ѷ죬˭һ㡣
ʯƾһԳͻȻĴˮһأģΪ
˶һ֪ΪʲôͷԳϻᱬˮַȴ֪ͷԳ亹ͻȻˮԳͷԳˣŻһôĺˮ
ղԳǰŭֹͷʨֺʶʱֹͣǵ֫΢΢һ˲עĽȥͷˡ
ַղʯƾһѾͷǧʨ˵ھݵʱ֮ǵóһۣǾַһԼᱻһࡣ
ͷʨ棬Ϊʲôħɽϻһ˿ֲ࣬ӵ˿ֲ˷ı
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⵱ȻӾеӢʹǵַ֮ĺ֮˳ֽǡ
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71  ս
ͻȻЦӵҪ󲢲֣ӵʵ̫Сǰݲδ˴ӦҾҲӦˡԡ롭

˵һ仰ʱΪΪ˵ƯĴ۾Ҳ״漸䣬֪Ϊ˸ַ㿪ѣѾͷʱˡ
ޡһåһå֣ü仰ͰҴˣ
ַȻϵκιޣȴ΢¶ӵСŮǲ֪ν֡
ԼܲΪסܣôɰһŮְɡ
һ˵ҿ㲻ӦȢ
ôУŶ󣡡
˵֮һԼȵӳʮԺȢʮ֮ǰŮѣȻˣΪ˱δ꣬ûг˵һ죬ִݻ
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Ц㿴⸱ü۵ģŮüĿ𣿡
һҲǣַ㳤ȻӢͷӢѾˣԼῴ⸱ɥ֮⣬ĸŮῴôһļһ
ЦЦ¶˺ÿıݣһıɵģַһ仰ȴ׹ߡ
ַһκ˵Լھֵ飬ҲԣҪŮ˵ģ˵㳤Ҳܲ㵽ʮ꣬ҿԿǽ㣬ڣǽҶĹơ
һƽȵЭ飬ܣҿԳڳԺҵŮѣȴھŮѵģߣ㲻ܣ㽫й¶ȥҲ㡣
ҲһղֻΪ˺ŪסСŮô˵ģ˵ַҲԼһŪŮҲʼΪֻһʱĺ
ַƺ棬ƺҲ棬ѵĻһ𣬸ʲô֮ȷġ
СԴĿ˿ַ㣬ƺо˵ʱ̶ȡ
Ѿͷģ³Ů̾һ˵ˣˣҲһʮ֮ǰˣҪסԺŮʱҲҪҷڵһλҲĹŮѡ
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ַɱħɽʱħɽͻȻңҲŲһЩͷ漴ǰڳһٴеģ
ȵõϢ͵һã޿ʼˣԼʱʼˣҲʧȥõĻˡ
ǸַסԼǸĶȻɱԼµһнˣҪˣԼҲᱻ
ԼҪ׼ˣ㳷ˣԼҲҪĶ֮ߡ

˾
ϴȥִڴӣֱĶǸϽ롣
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ǾƷƵͳΣѱԼԱΪݵأ𲽵ͳһģľڵйޡ
ȻƵĿҲľڵйޣһЩ׳ɾȴڱص·ΪΪ׵׳ɾٵǿҷС
ΪӦǹڱڣһص֯Ȼˡ
Ҳ֯ĳԱ֮һԽԽãѾŵʹ
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ѺĶԵľҹĻӣЩȻѵһ˷
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ʲôַɱԳ֣ɵ˼ʮͷǿĹͷ죿
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ıӰĶеˣأǣҵ֧̣
һ̵ݵĶϣַ貹⻷£˭Ķ֮أ


72  ʤħɽ
Ǹ˾ַ㡭
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ǰе˶ΪսǸ
˴۾ǣȻַǰСɱħɽĿֲԳ֡
սˣԺַ㣬һ붫ƽƽĿֲˡ

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һϲƷｫеıˤ˸飬Ķͷ𣬸ղ˾ͷĹУַ֪ɱħɽϵԳ֣˲һ
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ַħɽӽնɱǧĹ죬绪Ե
ڸղŵͷУѾŬʹԼɫƽһЩڸԼĲʧȣȴ֪ʱԼɫһˡ
صԼľҲƲסԼ·˷һ㣬ԾڵһпԿĶչ˷Ĵҡ
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ַ΢΢ЦЦĪڽĵĵһŮǿߣȫǰʮĳŮսʿ㣬ѵĻĳһ챻ԼƵһûз顣
һװ
ڶ׼ϡ
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ڼʿַ㵱еżȻ֪Լûַı£ȴϣԼӵַĵȥɱħɽϵйޡ
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һ䣬Ĵ󲿷Ҳͷرǣʱʮȥʱֻʣ˲ʮˣ롣
ʿȴϲ󣬼ΪԼܹսле裬ΪսܹȡյʤеȸԾ
Ͼĩ޵ĹսУģһսۣҲսУȡõһʤ
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ַҲ֪һĵƣԼɱͷԳֻѶԸڴһĵ
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絹Ǿ˵ôСȴһǧٵ̫˾ˡ
ŮݶӵСƲƲ˵Լǳˣǳ࣬˵ء
ĶһԴȤ˵ôǿˣĸ˸Ȣ㣿
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ڵһľϣַ֪û󲿷һرǣȻǲԸԼͷ˵иԼ˼еһ㡣
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˾
ҲܸܶˣװܲҸɵַ㣿
˾ģ˵ɱַɱһ˾;ѡ
ͷ˵ľλûţɣǵһнˡ


73  ɱ
һεˣ
һŮݶӵŮڷ·ߵһ֮е
ַͷû˵·ûŮĺֻ˼ʲô
֣ʤüͷ˵Ȼ㲻ϻɽҰ룬ĩҲ˼ΪʲôһˣЩϳҿһ⡭
ϳͷҲǳԵսʿΪ֧εѾˣ㻹ðרҵʿƷͷ㣬̫ûͬˡ
Ķ⻰һڣõŮݶŮǵһԮ
ŮŮˣĸԻͬĵģߵʱǸᰮķģڶεڵصǸİˣǵķӦŻһбҪǿҵĶࡣ
ڲԶǸڵϵӰÿŮַԼ룬ǰߵļ䱯ңڴԼĴȥůǸˡ
ƾƾǰֱ֣ʤǰεǸ˼ɣҲֱֻûκ֤ݿ֧뷨Ŀ䵽ַϣϣܳø⡣
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ΪַĿѾ䵽Զϣƺյƾʮֵ
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խĻһ϶Ǹ壬˼ļһ
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ԡܾˣǻŮƣѽ
ݶݶӵʿ״оһ˿УܾƣÿǧĵСѾͷǣȴһԽ顣
ȻһݶӵһŮƵߵжݶݶӵĺбҪ
Ŀ䵽ĶϣͻȻ۾һ˵λ˧һò˰ŹķӣǧŮΪڤ˼ٸΪǣҶǡ
˼仰˵ӦĶϲлüЦ
ڴĶʱĿַһַۣЦЦ˵ҿλϸòŨҵ֮
߰ɣ
ַĿͬɽıѩĮĿʹײһֲ˼ڵĸо
ٴһ֮һϿҵģ˵СֻǱһͨսʿҰԵʱ򣬱һͷ׷ܵεڵأҺãλȣСимֻҪλϸҴߣԸΪ㸰𡭡
˵ĿʮֳϿңĶҲ˲Ůǰ죬Ҫַ
߰ɣҲϲ˷ϻ
̫Եˡ
һŮ˵ַȻǵĽ̹٣ַУ˶ƽȵģڻŵǰڹټӡ
ЩŮǣǷַ˵Ȼ䣬ҲǲҲַ㡣
ĶΪֺЩŮǰѯʵϴ󣬶һҲ۲ǵг̣Ҫɣ
ϣԺҪڡ
ַ仰֮󣬶ﳤȥ
΢΢һַΪʲôô˵ȴĶ˵
Щ˽ͬʱ¶һ˿Ī΢ЦĶһ

ڿٵķرǵ;УǾʵȴ˵ָȨ̻յ˸Сݹһֽ
ѯ֮£ֽ̻֪ǵһһų͹ģʿڰֽĸС֮ѾȻȥ
̻չֽһ£ּȻʲݣȴ˴⡣
ֽеĴ˼˵һ˾ɳڸ㰵ɱжĺȥԸַˡ
ĺݣưɱװװϣ˼ַ֪ͨ㣬׼
̻յֽ֮˳˼֮Уͬʱ˼Щ¡
ĩٵˣĪʧ٣УһصĽɫ벻ȥԸַ㡣
Լַ֪ͨ׼ĺãַСأ뵽Щ̻Īķꡣ
¶˿ɰЦ˵㣬ǲЩĵ飬ǸϽسǰɣ
ַô죬㲻˵δĻССͣ񲻾Ҫʹʧˣ
Ҳ̻˵ַĹ£ʱֻ̻ǾЩЦЦ֮иֵĿɬĮȻı飬̲ס˵⻰
һԶƽʱҪεεĿ˵ѵҲΪЩСǣбҵδѽ
㣬ҵδѾģ˲Ҫսż۹⣿
̻΢΢һַ֮̾ǿȻκˣغǵİɱҲ˲ǹңղŲŻʧ̬
֪ܵĻ̻֮ЦСѾͷСС;ͷգʮ꣬Ϳڿ˵ʲôδѣҲ±Ц
㣬ҿģ˰ô˵ô˵ɡ㣬ѵ˵ûָ綯ģҪǱԺͬźˣڵƯŮôֵǮǿ˾ҪССͣôסôСǽһ𡭡
̻һ죬ɬ˵ޡСѾͷ˵ԽԽˣ㶼ȡЦѲ첻㣬ҪϷ𣿡

һ𣬼ʮ£ֳֽıδ͵ĳ嵽˻ţַλÿ񱼹Ŷʱһҡ
Ȼ϶ռоƣЩһ뻢ŵ˻һ𣬻ŵ˷޷ǹͬ顣
žЩ˵ʮУ󲿷ֶٵ㵽ٵǿɣ˲ҪĳַɱеĽңϽļǹһնϡ
ַûκı飬ЩеĽǼ۸ԶԶǹ
ҲֻʵǿĲţװһ֧˵Ҳ֪Щ˱ضǵһˡ
ЩˣҪǰ壬Ȼڻŵķ£Ӳ˺һӣֱַ
Ķ֣ʤЦһԱ仯Լеͷǰסˡ
ȻЩ˵Ķ֣ʤʹ÷ȫַԼֻɱС
мΪϧԼĶӦǵʱ򣬶еһ˿
˵ַǰһԼظ˵£ղǾҵȻҪ֤İȫ
߰ٵĹ޶£Щ̿͡
ַֻ俴һ۶̬ˣûһ˿
ʱѾ˵ַǰŭһһѽȥһ֣õҲַ
ӣҲնɱĶ֣ʤˣҲȫɱ⡣
˸ղŷܲģ˾ڳޣ˶ദˣȴ⣬ǲһеıַ㣬лŵ˵¸塣
ַˮͻȻʵ¸ղųķѽһ˸ºó˵ˣ
˱һ漴С˾ҰԣڽҲЩ򣬵гټЦˡ


74  
Īʲô
촽ЩȴȻǸ޺Ц
ַֻǡšһû˵ʲôȴΪһò޺в˿Ρ
Ұôõ࣬ĸ˻޺ѾմѪͬѪ
ͻȻһˣһԾ𣬳ַ˹ȥؿǵĿĵ˿ڣһģԵøˡ
Ȼ˲û͸˵ղŸװڵȴһֵʱ
Сġ
û˿ԥ㵲ַǰһӾἺ˵ĴӢۡ
һԵ֣ʤȷӦͻȻ֣һȭ˵Դϡ

˵ԴֱӴ򱬣һ˵ϡ
˳һ촽΢΢һЦһֻѾȻ˻УƺʲôĶˣûע⵽˿
ַͻȻ֣̽һץ˵ֱϣһ
һҽ˵ĸ첲ȻַӲĴק
˵ļͷѪӿмϽͬ¶ĵһ㣬̲ĹļϣϵĵѪģһĿֲ
٣Ǹʲô
˲ûзŭҲûзһѯʵ
˲ףŵ˶Щ󲻽⣬ַΪʲôѪȵֶΣ˵ĸ첲ӲĴӼͷק
ŵҲַ֪㲢ɱˣκû飬ȴ֪𰸡
ָָŶϱϣָյһǳɫСҩ˵ʲô
ͻȻңǿ򶨵˵һͨҩ裬ë׼£Ҳ֪Ϊʲôȶ֣
ʵҩһʹþ綾ըҩƳɵ˸ղͷųҩеĶ˵ģֻҪҩеĶһͷųΧ֮ڣûκܹ
Ѿǰ˽ҩֻſҩ豬ƺɢĶдղЩˣΪ˽ӽַʹˡ
սʮʿˣǿҵѪ߰ͷҡҡλεɥʬԽԽɥʬַָ΢΢һǸ߸߷𣬶߰˸ɥʬмͻȻƣΪһ
漴߰ɥʬŭŵ˵ϣڲһӣЩɥʬ׷׻Ϊһ̲Ѫˮ
ŵԭ촽˾ĲƣղŵЩҲһˣַʶļıֻ»ٻһ˻ڸղŵĶС
ɱɱ
ǧС
˵ɫƽ֪Լɣȴмȴ벻ףҪҪʸףȻĿ
ǰ¶棬Ҫ֮ǰ˵ΪӪ𲽵ȡΣ֪Ϊʲôȴܷ⣬ʲôʱģ
ַкһ˵ûκ𣿡
һϵĴҾûκ£㣬ֱղһɱԼͬ飬ǻ˵ΣΪʲôȴҳ
ݵϷܺãҲûпκ
ûпΪʲôҸղһϸСĶס㣿
ȻûпκȴκˣϷݵȱҲΪϷǲ⡭
ۡ
˿ѪǱַĻɵġ
ĩźˮ©ݼ֪ƭ˶ˣִбɵİɱĹУǲ֪жϣ֮ܶ󣬻֪ôһ£ԼΪʲô
Լݼ߻ȫȱһΣַʵûκεûԼģƫƫһ䣬ұͲ㣬ͷԼһŬ
ô˿ֲˣһ˿ֲΪʲôԼϣԼĶҲֵˡ
ַ㵭Ǹ˵ҪҶ𣿡
Ҫս񣬵鴫ˡ
˵⻰˫ָݺݴԼĺϣĺѾһĿĵĴ󶴣һͷ˵ڵأ
ַͷ˵Ҳʶʱ񡣡
Ķȴкܶ벻׵飬ǰʵϴ˵ݼã˶ƭˣ㵱ҲûпϷ𣿡
Ȼǣһֵʱص㲻ԣҲŶģڶղɱǼַ̫ͬרҵˣͨսʿܹģ㣬Ҿ͸Ҷ϶Ĳơ
ĶһͷԵȻʵʱΪʲô˵ûпϷأ
㲻ýб˺ܾȥǼ𣿡
Ķ̾ǻôϴ֪˭˰ɣǿжݣ
ǻ˵ǵȻ֪˭ޡ
һݶӵŮͬ˵Ȼ֮ȻĶˡ
ĶŴʹе̬ѽ
֣ʤĵȴǱ飬һԲڵǸһ·εͨˣѵҼεڵضԹ𣿡
ȻǣǾһȫûȴӦھ֮Ӧý뿪ǣǸҰԵսʿĻȻҰȥֶΣǹҲȥҸղҪ뿪ʱȴִⲻ뿪һҲ˵ȷĲơ
飬ǲǾͲҪأ
ѱû⣬֮󣬲뿪ĻˣʲôڣǶӦý͵ػɱ
ַĻأȴǿԽĩػȥʶƱıƵʵ⻰һ̾
ַ㣬ʲô

˾ǵĴɱƻʧˡ
ʲôʧˣǸأ
Ѿѳְˡ
Ϣû̫ķӦźַûбͬʱɱȴԷģַŻصǣⲻΪ棬ҪΪ档
һַƽصǣƱַ㣬һҲ붫սĹϵԵ
һʵַ޵еǿԺıǣﻹ˵ĵطַֹ㷵رǡ
ʿһȥһʦʦʦһ£⣬սϵĴͼҲ
ｫһսǿʦѾʮŴͼҲµĽǾǴ󲻽⣬ѵ޴ҪȻΪʲôһٴеģ
ִ͵ļڣһǧϵĹ޶ɱͨʿеļǹᲢ۵ġ
ÿڵķ䷶ΧԸǼƽ׵˵ĿǰĴģɱ
ּ̫޴޷ʹãֻװͿϣھΧħɽʱִ޷˵ɽȥ˲ûħɽʹá
һƽϣ뷢ĻԳֵʣҲҪļں벻ѵһǿʦ⻹˵һеļڣҪʲô
ɵĿУЦַˣǱҪҪȻ˻˱ǵһһ鷳
һɵ˾ѵҪǵһһʿʮżڣȥԸַµǼһ򾫱ôװȥԸˣǲ̫Цˣ
Ҳ˼ַҲֻһˣһôֵõһȫȥԸٸˣ
侲˵ַҲԼһĸ˵ǳ⣬ֻҪɱַ㣬ٸЦ飬Ҳĳ


75  ʧķ
ʲôΪʲô涼ڲ
һʿߵʿ˵
˵Ҳвʿо˽µ΢΢𶯣·ǧӭЩʿ˹ͻϮʱʱĴغҲ΢΢
ǰǳս󲿷ֹ޶ֽˣӦòй޴ϮΪʲôĴػ΢΢ء
Ӻ󡭡
˺öʿ
дͼڣôǹڿڶ׼ǣ
ǵľΣӦǵһģѵһҪǣ
ܰɣϣ֮ľһϽɱ͵͵ĸЩɱҲˣѵһҹΧǣ֪£ŹǵģôǹȻ𣿡
ЩʿϽĶΣĽŲַͶ϶Щʿսľ֮ʦܹɳ˵ľ֮ʦԸԼģһʦģѵˡ
ˮĴԶŵŰΧ˴֮£ŵĶʧȥķ֮ġ
˵ôֻҪսϵʮżһĻڵһִ֮£Ҳг˳ɵʿΪڻҡ
ϴҲ̫ƵˣȻΪһˣһеľ񲿶ӡ
ַͷ˵ȷЩӦ
ֻҪսϵļˮкذķַսǿҲûãҲᱻըƬ
ڿϵ۽ĻַƶٶߺüԼҲֻɵĻϣ
ŵˣʱȴҪȫΪڻҡ
ַ㴳һĶУƾһ˵Ҳɱʿ˵ҲôѪȵн޹ʿΪᡣ
ô죬ǰľô
ַе˾Ȼˣβһ𣿡
ַ֪һԼģ֮ڵһУȥĲ񻰡
Ȼַɱħɽͷ죬ͷ޴Գ֣ԸˣǾΪԼģԼһսǿ
Լһ൱Ķ֣ҲеʮϲģдʱһҲͬ뷨ߣͷˣκǰͷġ
ԼյĽΪάеĽҲһԼģһ˵ϡ
ص粨˰ɢһصһˮ룬һ۴īӼߵڼױĻ֮£˶ǰ档
òȻ˵ӢҲйӲʵζǷԹĹ°ţȷµơ
һˣܹվȫϣҲȫҸϧƫƫˡ
ｾԸȷʵЩ汾£˽̰ŪȨơ
ַ㿴ΪˣҲòǸּߣǿľǿߡ
ϧͬΪıҲַշֵ𣬲϶Կĵ·
˫ִŨŨüиԣ²ʶӣҲܸоһǵˡ
ַ㣬˵һεַ֪֮ʱķӦ
ʱΪַǸ˲ţַɱ˵һˣûа·ϣַֻ¡
ַ֣ǸԭԺǿˣκǰЭ
ҲǸЭˣȴϣ˶ЭעַԶҲΪá
Ҫһеɱַ㣬ϧԼеоӣҲ֪Ŀ겢ǻţַһˡ
ҲκУΪһ֧˵ľӣȥԸһˣЩСеøȥһֻСӡ
ȴôΪַÿ춼ڱǿһͨʣнٶȣԶԶͷԳֵʱĪɱͷǿĹޡ
ʹһԸие˿־壬Լ߳һֲĶ֣¶ɱַԭڡ
ַһۣ˵Ҳҳҹһս
ַҲ֪ﲻϧõһȫһ˲ɱԼݵͷԼü仰˱ҲǰΡ
ȻԼսֻҪ˽ַ֣лаմɱģʵڲУԼͿϵ۽ʱжôĽԸʮ㣬ҲֻᱻԼ
ȻʱԼԿϵ۽Ҳ޷֣ܱڼڵĺ֮ҪǿĶࡣ
۽һ˿ŭɫĿǰǱǹϵĵһǿߣȻַѸ𣬵ȴַѾ
죬ַȴԼսԼӦսĻƱʹԼܵ𺦡
ֵĻȻﲻΪԼַܸ㣬˫ܾˣַӻرǵĻԼصǵĴͺѿˡ
ϾַɱԳֵĴӢۣȫǹϵĴӢۣԼȴΧһӢۣһй¶ȥԼƱɨء
ֻüַĻȫըƬºصǣ취ڸǴʱﲢַս
ַ㣬㣬Ϊ֮˽ԹҲڴлڻɽӰһιƽľս
죬Ϊԩнָ˵ģֻҪϽĶұ˱֮ľսҵԸڻص֮ҵĴһܣβȨȫϡ
ַ㵱ȻĻ仰ֻʽ׻ջˣĿĸΪɱԼĶɱ飬ķĽڰˡ
ԼĶҲʹ˳ԼǰŰɱĶԼ֣ԼŲ֣ҲұĽɱԼ
ȻαЭ
ΪҶģαôڣеҵսûҿڣҲԿǻſһʿ
СųĶħɽ㲻ƴ۸ֵǺһס
бͶүүڣʮүһú
ȻŮ֮Ҳ㡣
ŵ˷׷״û˱ֳ»ųģ
µʦȴʿ䣬ȻǵľʼߣԼϦദսǶ֣ǻǸе
սӢۣ˵ľ¡
ǽֵӢ£Ҳֻﶷҷϡ
ڻŵ֮£ɫ䣬ڿҪˣûбҪЩ˽ƽϣǸսһеʱˡ
һ˵׼ǰˡ
ڲ׼ϣָʾ
𣡡

һߴӰ󣬶ٵİһѼǹסĺģ˵˾㲻ջĻҾͬھ
˵⻰صĲ£ַ֮ҲкĹڣû˻뵽ͻȻǹ׼
ߵҲûϵᱻǵ˾֣˻ûüֹ֮ǰеļǹסĺġ
ַ㰵üһ
ǰԼĲµʱ飬籬һͻôˣ
ѵڳ˫ɣ㳪˫ҲûеѽֻҪԷļڴŵ˱ȫ군Լϵ۽ҲֻɵϣûбҪԼǰϷ
ַ󲻽⣬Ҳ
еӲǹܶ׼Լ壬Դŭ˵֪ʲôַ˹ȥû㣬Ӧϣ֮һȴ⣬СǲǺʧķˣ


76  ս
еļǹ΢΢һǹܼ
˾ģ㲻ĻǾͷַһ뿪ҪȻͬھ㲻Ҫҵĵ
ﻺתͷļǹָǰأףǲǳ⣬Ȼַ㡣
ŭʵΪʲôһ𰸣
˾ʵúãڿԸΪʲôôַˣ㶼ϲˣɷϣһ㣬ľˣڻҰоҵĲµʱҲΪǼʼ壬ħɽѨȴʿȴôˡ
Ϊĵǲõı޹ƣΪǱӭĩսеĵһδģʤôǳʲôЩ£ȴʹñǵо˾㶼л棬ʮʿҲðԼħɽ¡
ַҼģְҵصľˣľˣ޵սУҲսϣȴսͬİǹ£౾Ͳö࿪ǹ
Ļ˵Ĳ죬ȴʾһǾӢۣ͸õõȫӵԼսѱǹһ㱾Ƕһ˵衣
Ϊһ˾ħɽսУȴûκγɫľжҪһԱǣĶ޴ôӢ֡
һ㣬ܲˣܲˣҪԡ
ĻһʿǣһЩײʿ˽
ѽַɱԳ֣ҲһǲлҲˣôڱ󰵼أ
ԼɱԼˣӵʿӵľˡ
˾ЩͿˡ
˵˾һͬھǷַߣԼøɣ
úá
ٴθеԼܵ˼̤˫лȼգ˵һ̣Ŀ۶
ΪԼˣȴôӱʮ겻
ߡ
ƣһ֣ˮĴУѸзֿһС·ЩʿȻַĻžһ׼ľ
ʿ֧ηǿȨĲӾ񣬻˸ߺ˾ꡣ
⻰ȻǶַжʾĻ⻰Ķȴһַ̣һǿҵķ̡
вǳı⣬вʿȴеⲻǷʲô
߰ɡ
ַŻŵˣѸٴ˸ղʿǷֿС·ǵķȥڴһĶ飬ַͷ֮䣬һۣ֪³һҡ
ϧһУȴΪϰԼǶԼʲôøУΪôվ˵ϡ
ľٶϾðҲΪӦõζ֮ززֻϣܹ˳ӦģҪ̫ķ
ŻʧıӰ쳤֪̾ԼʧȥɱַûᣬԺҲôõĻᡣ
ǰһƽƽԭž뱱ҲԽԽˣٴ֯һǰĴģΧѵַδ
䶢ÿɱ˵۹˵˵һĵˣǷе⣿
ǹʱױѸǰ֧ǹͬʱ׼壬ֻҪһ£ЩʿԽࡣ
η˵Զҵĳ٣ĩҲֻһ٣ҽôֻǲϣ˾Ҫ´
˵ϣҷ´ǾԷΪְҵĲ£ȴǹָĳ٣ѵǷ´𣿡
ǹ׼ԼԴ˵·ϣԸܳͷ
춯һ˿⡣
Ȼղ֮ǣ޲ýж˿飬ĩһ𲢼սĳоȻҲһ˿ԥ
ԼĴβǳǰĶսУϸ˲֪ٵ˾ɺۣѵΪ£ԼҪɱ
ɵ£ղŵҿԲƽϣǹ
ȻЦΪά˾ϣҲ֮ǰȰ˾һ仰ַ˵ϰĳִĿǰ˿棬˾ΪǵһĽҲҪͼ桭
һһ׵Ĺߣ̫ѨУĿѪ䣬漴ء

ŭһЩʵģϵҲò£Ҳɥ
ˣʱѰ׻ĶΪˣȻˣ˽ȨҲͨǿһЩ˲ʹ˷ĵ·ҲӰ첻ӵĸ顣
ŵԼ£𲽱ʬ壬Ŀø
ַ㣬ֺҵһֵܣ㲻ݡ

صǺַܵ˱˾ع黹Ҫ¡صĻӭɳʿΪǵַǹ¾
ҴŮӿϽͷĿıսΰˡ
ս꣬սꡭ
Ӣۣллǡ
˶ַ㻶Ⱥв˶ַıӰ¹򣬸л˱ǣеˡ
硭
һСŮŲ֪Ұݵַϣ˵磬Ұְ˵ˣ㣬Ұְ־ͻħɽˣлл㡭
ų㣬ӪԵüΪŮַº͵һЦ漴ͷһ£иǸиǧ
ĶʧʱİһݺСŮУŮ΢΢һЦ
ŮһǸ˭ȻԸսЦݸǺС
СŮĸףҲֻһͨʿӦħɽսУַͻϮħɽնɱ˴ĹޣʹôʿŻص˱ǣҲŮĸڡ
һڹ޵Χ֮£ʮлвĩǰڣΪǿǶĩڡ
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֪һߵһһԿ϶Ǿһ࣬ҪԶԶһҪǿ
ַֹûвμħɽ֮սַַ֮㻳У޵һͿ
ŸˣȴԴݵƯŮַ̧֣˲ߵ˵²ǰ˲١
ء˭㲻ңһڱǣ֪쵣µӹĶÿһǰսҶȥجġ
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ϾǸˣԼ¶һߣȴĿֲ֣Լô
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ӭַǵʽԺַĶˣصԼıУõԾϢ
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77  ʻ¥
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ȻԾģǱﲻ˵Ҳǹ鱻һЩԶﴫ֮󣬾Ȼַ㣬Դ£һŭ֮¸ǹˡ
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Զˣڼʹ֮£߽˻ֹȣͼԼȴǸˡ
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ַ򱱾һսŮַ㵣ʲôҲˣֻĬĬΪַ

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ƶһټ˵ˣַ᲻һأַٶȱﻹֲıʵĻʱôԦ
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ǲ˲ҪҪϣַ໥ƣڱһ֧ľ棬ǵĳĿɾ޴Ӱ졭
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˾ϣҿȥַ

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˵ʲôҪҪҲ˵ӣȻҶԶƵƷʮͣȴϲƿر˵ķ
ַĻ˵ƶǣĶûȴûмѯʡ
ղž̶̼仰ַͲµ˶Ƶ⣬ҪԼ飬һǽԼ໥ǣƣͨ飬ԼǲǿΪá
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˵ע㣬ǸŮһ࣬˵һˣǵսַ㣬´ħɽնɱɽͷԳ֣ս˲սͨˣ뵱ж˿顭
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ǳһʹѰǰŮӵһǧٵֲĳϵһ
ллҲƯҲϸ˵㡣
㣬Ư˵ĻҲһϲģ֪˭ôõĸȢľɫŮš
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˵˭ȢʱĿĿַһۣεҡҡͷȴоԼԽԽϲСŮˡ
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ԼõַõϲĻһַﱻӷֵģǰűֵıκʱ򶼸ӹɿɰ
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ͣԼߵ˴кҲǰĵģ¶˼ֽʻĸģַ㰵Ը̾Сƺһֲһ˹ʶĿ
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Ķһˣ΢΢˴˵ϴ˾Ҳˡ
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ɣ˵սӰ챱ԺľƣΣɣ
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һ˵֣ϲëҪһˣСĻӿڳ

һ˾ڡ
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ˣҵһܹ֮ڸ֮ϣΪұǱ﹫ϵĵһǿߣַͷнնµͷ־棬˵Ƕ϶ӪˣĿԷƿرǡ
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ֹȻҵ֪һεľսַǱɣ֮ұɽɱսƶϼһｻȨҲĻҾһɵ
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ʱ䲻ˣɳ߻㱨ַ͵ɽ̨⣬϶ҲˣҲùȥˡ

¶棬ɽ̨¾һɧ
ǱǱǵһǿ·ʱлģ֪˵ȷ򵥡
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ڴ֮ͥ£һֱһӵģַĻһҲɵԾ˼ʮɸߵɽ̨
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ַޱ˵ְɣ
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ַ㰵ɣɱԼˣȴƫƫԼǰװһȻģ
ԼºϣҲ˵ԼֻǱӦսԼˣҲᱻһ˴ֵñӣ˹ա
ַʵĪˣ
¶ŭɫŭЦǰôҽͽףǿ󣬾ܹͨᲢأҪΪԼǰãһЩСͷ㲻֪ߵغ񣬿򳬼սˣҿԺܿ϶Ķ˵һ䣬Ǳɡ
̨²˷׷׹ȻǶĻܲ⣬ϾǼȫͨɣĳ࣬Ҳֻм˶ѡ
Ʋַͨ˳ʹΧ۵ж˼ķС
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ģЩͨ˹ʲô±͸гƿصģЩ˱ֻū
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ַͻȻӿڵҲ˵Ļɣ


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ﲻмַȳַ֣ڵļʮֹ죬۴ĸ򹥻еַķиɻ
ԼӵǧҲȲʤ㣬Ϊǿĺá
һһ۵磬ֱַȥµĴʯذ壬˫ϵľ޴̤Ƭǳ졣
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ַ㻰е˼ƺŹѵ˾ӶҪȫɱ
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ַ΢΢һֲʮ㣬ԭﵽǧ㣬㳬У츳ߵʱѷɫ˲١
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ĶһƬο˵ûµģӲõģϴôױ㱻򵹵ġ
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ٴ쳤ƣ·һͷҰʱȫУˣԼһжˡ
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۽ǶɵñѣѪǣ£ԵøԹĿ⣬еûأֻһǧôܴңûܵġ
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ڵֻһ뷨Ǿ˻һУһҪɱ˶ԷýߣҧԼҲҪϧһдۣɱ˶Է
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Ҳ˰㣬ˣԼҪı·ˣԼ߰ǧˣ۵ĸУĸ߼ǣӦûԼɨӭɣ
̾һ˵˾ΪһģϾѷϣҲвˣûбҪնɱ
ŨصıšһƺǸðˡ
ڶƵıӰҪɽ̨ǰʧʱͻȻعͷһһٵ˵ַɱǱκ˵ĿƣҲκʽЭеˣҺܾأƿزˣ˾ܽվȨҪȻǾͻǰĶ֮С
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ʲôҲ˵ˣȥɡ
һעĽľ˾Ա־ƽ۾Ǿ֣ȻʬѾˤѪģȻܲʵ
ˣôأǧĳǿѽΪͻȻ˲߻ĶȨƻȫʧܡ
Ȼ־ƽﱨļƻַղռϷ֮ȻնɱŰʬ壬вĺѡ
Լһܣַ᲻ҲԼնɱأ
ģַһģԼֻҪսԼû취ϾַǿҲƾһ˵ɱľԼɱ
ԺԼţҪһЩˣԼȻַ˳ֻŹԼ
Ȼ־ƽ¶ɱַľģҪɱַ㣬ȴûһͷ
ħɽһսѾʹַȫǵӵ˼ߵλûץַİѱ֮ǰóȻɱֻ»ȫǾķԣҲпܶԼѣԼһ̰ɡ
ַսⱾǱ춯صһ飬ǾȴȴһʣиˣҲǸʵ뷨
ǲ֪һǻַ㣬ǽַԵ

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̻˳˵˾Ϊ˱ΨһһŮϽ
£Ҳû̫ɧϾǰʵʿȨ̻Ҳʵ顣
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ʼ˶ԵһʿԴĹϷ֣нٽµʿ׷׼˵ڶģ
һĵһڼʱ֮ɢ׳Ϊʷ
ʣµһʱ䣬ַżȻȥҰɱͷ֮⣬ǴԼıУĶ֣ʤдս
ȻĶҲżȻȥԣħɽһսĹʣ޼ǳȥԵʱҪһͷҲס
ӿ뱱ǵҴԽԽ࣬ǵʳ￪ʼȱַսǱ֮УĹʬ壬Щ˸뼢Ե
֪ͼͻȻתӣ춼Ķ֣ʤ˶̸
ĶˣһӶϲɰСŮ
ַһ£һļ䣬ǸԱҪģżӵӦÿʼɶˡ
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ǸżǰսǱͬƾһ˵޷
һıǣɳĲӣŹǸżʱӵ㣬ʹȽǸż֮С
ԼϲĻѾõ˹Ǹżɶ鱨֯ǰȥǸż
ԼɱʹĶƶԼܲ⣬˲ŻԼȥǸż
Ƶľ񣬲ܲõˣԼбҪȥ̻һˡ
˾ڣֻ̻ڸĴ־ļ
ʱüʱԲʱԵ΢ЩɣʲôʱʶĿ
ַʱ̻΢Ц
ⲻǵĴӢôпһΪȺ֮ϳأ
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˵ӣôƯȻԸ磬ԴǸѾͷ˱ǣˣҲıУҵıǸСӶܣһΪ㱻Ⱥֲ˼˲Ųϳأ
ַ΢΢һȻ磬ȥȴûж룬ȻַãַУȴûκβ
ȴ벻̻ͻȻ˵һ仰δһ֮֮ϵݲַ̫ˣҲ˼淴
̻㲻Ҫ⣬Ҷǲûκ뷨
ַ㣬֪⻰ж磬ǿĿⶼ뿴˺ܲһҵıڼԺҲûǰĵģұòΪ㣬ôôĸı䣿
ǣҲ޿ɺǣԽǷϣȴԽġ
ַ̾һһҲһôĮΪܹ˺Բѧαװ
磬λΨһŮϽԼĪĲ˺øУֺøУŮϵеһ̶ȲŻᵮġ
ʵҲ⣬ȻַԼװĮȴ޷⣬ҲΪʲôڻֹȣһİŮԭڡ
ֹԵ˸òĮ޷ڸǡ
ŻܵôŮϲδɵĸ
ȻһַѾʹԼ̬ŵĺܵ͵ˣ֮Ȼʹϣ貵Ĺâ
ʹ죬ǿߣԾĽӽ
ЩǿΧȻȻľγһʵǿС壬˶Ƶļɵ
ΪĿĽ㣬ⲢַԸҲ޷⣬赲ЩŮǶĺøУ˳Ȼ
ַ漴ǸżϽһͷƲԺ󣬲ѯʵ̻ʲô


81  δϹ
̻˵ʣ˵˾þоˣһȥһطȥʲôȴû˵ֻǽȫϾж
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벻һδӵǾ˵ǵĿҲΪ˿Ǹżˡ
뵽̻¸ԼַжʱЩϾԼǰ뾣սھȴҪԼ
Ҳ˵ˣһˣҪƵĻβܹ˼Լ顣
鷢ײʱȻ飬ҲûʲôָģûԼԿϵ۽߶ƣѾֵóƵˡ
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ҹɷλ˾Ҳ۹£ΪǸдĹҪϮˣ˾ż˼ȫǳ
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ȻˣӢͬƲŻ뵽ͬķ俪żĴš
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һԼԵõżĻԼɳΪǿĳսʿΪȫ򶥼սʿ¡
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۶費ԲܣżַȴǱõ
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ַһü̻ôˣ˵ôһӵζǰġ
̻ΪϽĸ߹٣ػǺεȹôҲһСŮһੲݣԼǰ˵˼̵Ļ
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ַҲ̻Ļģ֪ԼҲȥżĻ˵Լ䱸˼Լһһ
ʱԼõżеĶֻҪƱԼԼҲֻйԹϾһ죬ҲԿһ֧ӡ
ԼȻ͵͵ȥˣڶƿż֮ǰĶϴһա
ַ΢΢Ц鷳һ棬һ棬Ŀǰ׸㽩ҰߵһС
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ַһεڵأԼֲαԼŶȹӣ˸ϳĻȫ˶Ц̻ôô٩Լء
Ů˾ˣ˷Ӫ֮⣬㻹һЩбȥҾͶбм䣬һСɡ
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˵УԼǸˣô˵Цأַȴ֣Լ̻ǰȫӵԼαߣֳԼһ档
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ֻǶ˵ԼҪȥһҪ飬Լȥȴȥ
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ȣܶżеĹǻɱһЩ壬ʹУż档
ַ㻹ǵԼĩڣһΪӵżǸż֮Уûܹ
Ǵַ뼸սʿУַ֮⣬Щȫڸָ֮С
ַҲûƿǸżƾŶĿջӳǸżΨһżгɹࡣ
ǸżǱȫĵ˶ΪأҲûȥǸΣյż
żȻûַĩϵżӵȴ֪żҲǼѽ룬ӲĻҲǼߵģŲߵȥż
һѾ̫һȴ뽫˵ʼ͡
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ļͷȻûΣΪ˲˵ע⣬ַ㻹ϴһͭɫĿԼݡ
Ȼд󲿷˶оΣҲһЩھսʿսǵľװҲûоΡ
ڱԼ˽ַߵսʿҲĴ粢̫ע⡣
ΪʹַԼߣ̻Լߵķ㣬صص˽սʿӪһ
ЩսʿǣԼ˽ĽӽλŮ˾һ˷ܵҪȴ֪Լֻڻַĵݰˡ

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̻ҲкŮ˵һ棬һ沢û˼ַֻǰչʾԼġ
һӰַǰ˵ĸֻﵽַļͷƻǸδͯӱССͣΪȴҪоַ̣̾Ϣѡ
ǸСʿתʱַһ㾪°Ѿʡ
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ָ硭
Ҫָ硣
ַɲбϳֻͷ˵ǣҵδϹ
ַᣬСѾͷôֲԼأ


82  ڴ
㻹ǽָɣŲôֲ
ַһ˵ӪֵкܶˣԼָ磬ҲδԼ֣µԼͷַ㡣
ȻԼָһķգҲȽԼδϹǾëȻĻȴҪǿöࡣ
˶ʱƵҪԼôɰԼδϹٱĸŶԣôΪԼô˵ʮֲֿأΪǵˣ
Ĵ۾תЦ绨˵ãָ磬һ죬ҵϹģǺģҡҲӲġ
ַӿһ˿ΣȻŮ˵ǺǿңŮݣ߱ƯŮⱾ˵Լ㣬ߺԴˣȻее鷳ȴҲǺܷС
ңԼôĻǽĻĵһŮǿߣССͣ㿪ʼ¶˼ɫģַĮԸоȻҲһɾ͸С
װвŮŮģûǰСɰģһҰСӣҲ°ܻԼ󡣡
ó˲еԹĿ˵㣬㣬Ҳǵһ𣬻й¶ݣôᴩء
ַȷԼװٺãֻҪһڵԼߣһЩ֪ԼϵˣԲµԼݡ
ΪԼݲڱ¶һֱûдȥΪϲɫȹ֮࣬Ըʵľװڸס˹ɫ
벻ССͣΪ룬ԼҪҲ̫Կַ㲻ɵһů
ڣ˶ˣҹɷˣһ̻˽һ棬ǱĴк
ȻҲ̻Զַ㣬Ҳûʲô
һַӴĲַ࣬ߣȻģһ㣬ĩ֮ڳڵɱ¾֮£ܶ˵Щ⣬ַĴҲۡ
־ƽֻһЦ˾ԱĹϵԵø롣
ַ㿴һü־ƽһ˽񣬶֮ߵҲ޷ĵزҲٲ˴˵
ȻĳȴӴԼлĻ˳ֳˡ
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һڣΪ˽صʳΣӣϮһС͵Ҵݵ㣬Ǹݵĺüȫɱ
˺ֱɱ˳⣬һЩƯŮ޲£ŮϷй֮󣬲ЩŮɱⴢ
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ʼҲǸ˱ַ㣬־òӦַεȵĽԸôĸԸڲеһС˵ַǿŶһȥ˭Ҳסˡ
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ҹȿڵϵܣΪ˾ʹӦ֪ȥǶʲôɣ
ַһҲ󣬵ȴûоְλҹųƺΪϵܡ
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̻˶ԸżҲ˵һЩЩսʿ߾ľ٣һЩż֮󣬲ͨѹżĲƸʱ֮ڣѸٳΪһĴ
ȻвżҲϰΪǻǵһμû˵żѵżԱǵҪ
һԽ͵˾˵ˣżΪҪǵõżĻͿʹұǳΪȫһָϣ֮ǣΪ˱ܣȥһֱû֪ͨλ˾
ҹ̻ǾˣȻױܵҪԣй¶ȥ˵ϣ֮ǰȡȥ
̻ĿַһۣɻַһԾ鲻ôģΣȴҪԼһȥ⣬ϧݣԼߵһС
ѵ֪żҪڽڿǿ˵ĿԵһżżַȡߵĻ֪ƻŭʲô

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ھİ֮£ʮط£װݵֱһԴŤĿռȥ
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ͷ˵Ȼ˾Ԥһģһ׼мڣ俪Ƭա
Ǿ̻ҹûжԸղǸСӵ˱ֳ˿ͬ飬ǱǾһ̽·ʯǣΪľǽ졣
Ҫ˵ʲôƽܻ쵽ųʦλϣѵȥ
ҹ̻˵ָ£żڷָߵųţŲԶͺ
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ҵĺһֱСʱԶղſʼ
˷ܵĽеָ磬ǿҪǵԪռ俪ˣǰȥһԵõܶö
㲻ĻھͿԹȥ
Ϊʲôڲܹȥ
ַ㲻˵ŲԶǿա
ƬղɳڶСȥո̽
ЩСӵˣղżǰЩ˽ȥ֮ͷûʣ㱻һص˷ĩǵҲ¶˾֮ɫ
ȴֲòȥҪȻļڱֱӰǺһ⣬˵ǸżģѾĲˣԼȥ̽ҲһɣǲȥĻȴǾԵıɣֻӲͷƤǰ
ҲмʿҧгݣԼżõıǿĻһҪɱЩԼľǡ
ǿյһ˲䣬ʿȫֱӻ˻ҳ
ȻһɫĺߣַȻԿУǶԴ۾ɵøˣʱожô𾪡
ָ磬Īתɣô֪Ǹżڻܽȥ
ַûлشĻȴԺЦԼһ㶼֪ǵǰһˡ
Ǻ٣һ˵


83  ˵֮Σ
־һʱڻǰշΧﵽ˼С
ɳСȥո̽ǸСʿӽո֮ʱЩҲǰһвʿʼͷʹޡ
ҪңҲʮ꣬Ҳ
ǵѵͨʿͲȺòȻαӣΪʲôЩͨȥ
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żԱҪԽǵεĻôǰЩʿҲǼбҪġ
ڱЩͨʿȥҲЩģеԶ룬Ӳĳ
Ҳǵһ֣ҲΪǵǵͼ±ҪһЩǽϣ֮ǣȫϣ˶
˾Ļһͷʹ޵ʿƿڴòڿ˵ûиߵ͹ΪʲôЩ߸ϵľȥ
ǱǿһΧǣǻҪǴ˵ֿ޵֣̫ȥҲﲻ˱ǣڣȴԼȥˡ
̾һ˵ҪԼֻ̫࣬
ֲĽ࣬ʵȻˣҪɱǵĽ𡭡
˵ǽַ࣬أַȴǽ࣬Űɱ˳еٮٮߵڱУĸ˵ԼԳַ㣬ַǰǿĻǲȥǽһ߸߹ԡʲôҪֻ֣ǵ̫ǲ뱻̭ĻǾŬǿɡ
ЩʿҲ˵ѽַһֻһͨˣȴڶʱ֮Ѹٳɳнࡣ
Ҫ˵ַ㣬ַµֵܣĶ֣ʤҲͨ࣬Ҳ˲ڽǿΪʲôַôǿԼȴ޷أ
ǰԼԼȴ޷粵һ䣬Щ˶ΪԼûַӿĸо
ȻͬЩͨʿȴ޷ΪЩʲôԼھǣҲԺ
ĩڣֻҪ޷ϵ۽ˣ㶼䡣
ǿĩ
ǰʿ޷ӦĴѾܲͷһСӵʿǶӳָ·׷׿ǹ߸߽ĳЩʿӰɣʿĴȱǹֱӸ򴩡
Щʿ·ߣֻз˵ͬ飬ȥǵıӰȻһЩ׳
ʮʿգջΪ̳
ַ̾һȻ֪żѿȴȻ벻Թˡ
̻ǰ˵ʹһǵļھҹҲδؿԺ俪Ԫռֵ򣬵ȻˣǲȴҪĿĵûбİ취żĻұɷȥðա
־ƽЦ¶ͨʿʲôϴħɽǿ˽ʮˣħɽһսȣʧǾţһëˡ
ҹһ־ƽΪˣĻ˾עԼ˵ķִ磬ħɽһսУЩʿΪ˰Χǲ޹ƶȥս죬ȴκε˵£Ҫǵսȥͷ
־ƽҲԼؾͣƢҹΪɵ˵ˡ
ҲебҪΪѵˣڵʱȴʹòıЩͨʿǹȥֻ̽ˡ

һŻͲС˾ǰһȡһɫƤ䣬븴ӵָ֤֮󣬲ŰǸ仺򿪡
̻ҹ˶һۣ˶Է۾е𾪡
ܽоӣ䣬Ҫָ֤﾿ʲô򲻵ѵʱó˵Ķͨڵѵ
һշĹ֮У漴һĿС̫ȼһ޴Ģֱ̲񷡣
ʿ׷ױͷȻǵĩǰǿ˼ʮ̫⣬ȴԽоʿ˫Ŀ˲ʧ
ַٴαǿˣ˵ղžʹõľȻһС͵ĺ˵
άʱ֮ʱеĺ˵ߵķ֮£ڲ˾޴ӦѾʧȥ˱Ƶ
벻ǻк˵ûܵάߵƻһ㣬Ҫ˵ˣַҲû뵽
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ԼûɱͷԳ֣޴ٳ£Ҳź˵Ĺ³׻ҷ
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Щѡеʿ϶¶ı顣
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ǷĻǾңȥĻˣҲʿҴǣҲõչˣ£ЩʿȻҷһ
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ַȥ֮ڸսʿǣ·һſڵ׷ԾԽż档
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˾ˣκ˲ý롭
˶֪Ǹżĺöһкܶ࣬¾һЩʿüǹ׼żڣֹЩսʿڣȻдսʿҪĴ˽ȥ
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ʤʵǰ̻ȻҲһȡ
ˣҲһдż֮Уֳľʱȫʧء


84  ̨
ߡ·Ҵƹȥ
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ַ㿴һżеĲ֣ȻһЩĲû̫ĳ·
㲻ȥˣ
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˵ԼصĹУѾǿĻǰ
ʱԼײ˵װһֻһݾˡ
һ·ȻֻмؿȴÿһΪߣʸǴﵽǧ֮ŰپţȳɹںϻѱسɹѶȼ¡
ʮпַȴЩعͷ˵ǰ·Σյĺܣ㲻֣ûġ
УΪʲôҪս˦ң
̫Σգ޷չ㡣
˭ҪչˣΪʲôˣֻСŮ𣿡
ַȻ漴뵽ǻ貶ĿŮսʿ˵棬Լס꣬ȻģǲѰء

ַƿ·ԹƵС·ϲϴ壬ߵһԲεУеС·ʧˣֻһŵĽ̨档
ַ֪żĵһսֻ̨дһأܽһء
ǰԲθ̨ӦսģֻҪսһЩֲܼ˵Ļһء
ǿսһأӦҲûʲôΣա
ַ㣬ڿȫͬСתԲθ̨УĳһղŲһ㱻ôС·תˡ
ףַôҵģòƲļңƺȶԼļҶϤֻܹԼϹڲͬĳˡ
ַеһ̨֮ʱʮսʿЩ֮УûоڣҲַһ㡣
ַŲôҵ֮Уһؾ׷ٵĸ֣˲ܿԼµ˿Ѱ
ַ㲢ǻԼҵʱ֮飬ܴܲЩؿ˵Ҫ˵Լʱ֮ˡ
ַһ̧ͷȴҲЩ֮УڴߣûϳԼ
ַȻǰ˳߹ַ˵һ䣺ҡ
ǰַ㣬кȴַּ˰֡
ַǲй¶Լݣֻǳַ˵ͷȴû˵ʲô
ôҵģ
ղǼλѴ˽мλ׷ٵѱ󣬴Ǹ˹
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ַֿĿ⣬˵ͷ
ѯʵЩ֮Щҵĺѣҿɲ԰ϢҲǣ
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Ϣ⼸ʮսʿ֮󣬶ʱʮսʿææ˸̨ϣǵıȣżеı䵽
Щϸ̨һ˲䣬ǵ·һ㣬ٵĶ
ַ֪Ѿһվ̨ˡ
һأǵսЩսʿ֮Уܹһ˾ͺܲˣȻЩսУȴҪǿֻͨ
ȻҲͼӣȥʮˣ߸ͻȻԴƣʬˤ˸̨̨µȺսʿһ󾪺
漴ĸսʿɫ԰׵˸̨ʱ򣬻һѪ
ǰѯʾ
һսʿ̾ղ˸̨ϵͻȻȫʧˣǰǳһģģӰǸ˲ҳ֣ȻһûʲôսȴΪҼȥ㱻ſˣиս̨սʧܣұ
Щսʿôһ£ЩͷսʿսаǲʾҪǿнһأűżеĲϵͳͷġ
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ղʮ˸̨˰˸ĸʣµҲðգֲľʹ뿪˲ŹĶǰԼһѧѧ顣
ЩͰǡ
Сɵ΢΢һ˸̨ϡ
ܶڱøʢսֶ໥ǫãȴʲõȥڴߣʹЩ˲֪ʵݣ֪һﻹҪǿĳ࣬˶ľٶ׷ҡͷ
ѽֻ֪ȥܵõܶöȴʧпܶԼС
ѽڵ˸֪ߵغľðʧ
ϻƣ˵ּӣ
ͣӦûǸδּܼ꣬ʮͲˡ
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ַԴĵĿһ˵Сһ㣬ֲ֧סľ͸Ͻ
ַܵĹػһЦ漴ҶȻżеϵͳʼ˽
Լ߰˷ӣȻûбͷҲû˼Χ۵սʿһɴ۾
ǰɣ˷ˣȻûܣղȥʮλֵܣҲûгӣССͣôܼôã
ѽ֣۵׷ϣ֮ĽӲƴȴڶӵʱͷǸͲĺѵ֣ۻǿ𣿡
Īż̫ûˣ
˷׷׵ͷҲӻûСкôǿ󡣡
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Щ棬Լ֮⣬սǿˣͬΪ춼ԶԶᲢۡ
һ֮ôʶĿֻŬҪݸҪгˣ󲿷ֻ˵ǳ࣬ȴŬ
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ҾͲԼȥ
߰˸ǿ˸̨ӣֱӱͷƣ
һϴսʿ̫̾ǿˣ̫ǿˣղһֱ˼︴㲻ҿսַˣҲδаȲʤȯ
߰սʿȥһսʿ߷߲ƽ˵ղǸһߵĺţҪȻΪʲô˶ȥȴԹȥ
ͬ⡣
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ַ㿴Ǽһۣ˵ˣϻôࡣ
˵ҷϻ࣬бȥԡ
ҵȻҪȥ
ȥô˶ˣ㻹ȥ˵㣬սַһһأ붼롣
ַûǸˣһϸ̨
˶Ŀ⿴ַ㣬ƺڵ֮óЦһߵſͷľģ
ϧЩ˿ڿ˵ַַȴַ֪ǵǰ
Ȼַ˵ԼݵĻЩһǧټƵİѱˮյĻջȥġ
һƽַ㣬ϻ¶˵֮ɫĬĬ˵ַ㣬ֻ֪ͣһеġ


85  
ַֻǰľȫȻ仯ѾһĴվһ뺷Ӱ
ȴ˵ҲǸ˱ûֻһģӰӶѡ
ѡ
һַַηԼеˣͷ˵
һѷıѾַУǸӰҲͻȻ˹
ַеıͻȻȻеԼʧˣĽҲòκ֧֡
ֻҪԴʲôб׵ʹ
ҲǼʱ䣬ǵӰַն˼ʮģģӰֱʧˡ
ǸӰǿֻҪַʮ㣬ӳʮǸ׽ɱԷ
Ķ֣ʤҪǸӰӣ̫ѣȻˣȴ޷ַƬ֮䣬жԷҷ
ַеıǸӰͬʱˣһѡ

ַгֱһ̣һģӰȻϲûκսȴȸղǸӰǿһء
Ķ֣ʤϣԼڲ֮䣬ѷֳʤ
ַȻԷһնɱķѵȴ˲١
Ǹ޸𣺡ѡ

һӰַ˹ַ޷ԷľλãԷе䵶ңңϵĺüҪʹоԼܵв
ַ΢΢һɽ̨ϣܴ֮ҪսԶԶ˲ǿ
ǰӰģǳֶԻٶȣûһ
ս˵ѾԶԶӰһȴɵĹһأ֪ǲһ˵ı׼ñһϸˡ
ַʹؼʽĽӰֵס˵ӰĽ
ȴеԼӦʮֳ˿ѹƣڿϵ۽£޷ʩչؼļ
ҪʹؼҪǿ֧֣һַҲǵĩڣʩչؼн
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ַ͵һżѹһأҲһĵط
ʱĻַɴһؽһصĴҲԸһء
Ǵ洳أֻ˲ʹַ㲻òðսһأѸͨҵĽݾ
̨һսʿΪԼַۣôôʧˣ춼Щ˼顣
һսʿһĴ˵ôܣŶʮ͹һء
ղһ̨ʧܵսʿ˵ûܵģ̨ϵӰս̫ǿˣֱԿܵģôԹȥأһ˲ʮ롣
һȥսʿҲûӱм棬ղ̨ҲǴ߰˷ӣΪ߰˷ӹһأѾˡ
ַȥżʮ룬Ȼֱӹ̨ѵַսôǿ
һսʿЦ̨Ȼϣ˵һȥͨľˡ
սʿİٱ̨ȻϣҲ˶ʮӾͿ˽һأǰ
ôܣղǸ˶ʮ͹ˣȴʮͰˣ
˼ַôɵĹս̨Ȼһͬǰܣȴķһȿֺȥ·һصľͻǡ
Щ˾Ǽ֮ڣȺ
һսʿ򽻵ôܣǶˣ̨Ӱ̫ˣսַδع̨ղǸߵļһ׵ľ͹ȥˣҿһҲ˺ţĶһЩߺŵļһ
ղǸһߵĺţ
һϳɵսʿ˵żոձ򿪣ôߺأղ˵֮ʮ㣬ʶһˣִߣȻǲԸĿʾˣǣ˾Ȼżʮ̨᲻˾ǡ
ѵַ㣡
һ
ʲôַ㣬ղһôЦԺ᲻ᱨң
Ȼսʿûе˶뵽һˣ漴¶Ȼı飬ֲ˹ս̨ԵףԭǴַ㡣
ˣ벻֮⣬ﻹһݾǾͿԸھ˽ż֮ǰĵżõöˡ
ڵЩսʿң㣬벻б
Լ㴳żԼҲδжջ񣬱Ͼ˲˹ʤʵ
һЩսʿ¶ֻģ
̨ѹЩҲˣԼ粻̨ѶȣҲԼһӲʱԼͿһԿˡ

ַͻȻһĴһϥ·˳˯ַȴ֪һڳ˯ڽĿ顣
һ֮УҲвսһأȴ׷ױųƱǵһǿߵһҲѡ
ַĿͻȻ䵽һ޴ʯϣһк֣΢΢һü
ʷǰżѾﲻ֪˯˶꣬ʱ඼ڣôк֣
ѵκ˽ʯϵּ˿Կö壿
ʯֻһ仰鴿˲սʤ
ַЦһЦ벻ʷǰżϢͦŨҵģӵŨϢżӦò̫հɣ֪Ϊʲôһ֮УΪʲôôǿ
Ŀϣֻϻᣬ֪Ͼʲô

ڣľԼӽµһ˲䣬һ¼ԺڲϻطţһϾɵĵӰӭ
һҲ
ڰ꣬ŰһֻСèʮһ꣬ף˺óɼ㱳Լ꣬񼫡
ĩһһŮԹۣǵɱ֣
棬еŰСèҵĴҲҵĴĩϵһһŮҿʼȷǣǼСȻɱңҵʬĹޣҲûоǡ
˵ɱ֣Ҳ
ѵû¾Ҫܳͷ
Ҫôͷң
Ѫϴˢ񡭡
ҲĳͷСʱŰСҲһЩ£ҸǾƭˣ۸һַˣȴûʲôˡ飬Ҿĳͷ
ֻһСŮĩǰĴ£ҲһЩ΢Сʱĩ֮Ȼǳ࣬ħɽ֮֮⣬ûвɱ¾ʹļΪࡣ
ûߵһЩΪ˻ȥԼͬ飬ûΪ˼Ϯɱߵѣǵ
˵ĩУ֮һ˺Ҳ١
Ǹɱ¾صʿѪдսʿ飬Ŵ˼ʮ鿽£ֻıˡ
Ĵ࣬˿Ȼ˿Ҫٽϡ
ַҡҡͷﲻʲôҲҪϽĿʡ
˴ϣһȫµ硣


86  
ַ㣬ôȥˣһ˺üįѽ
ַ΢΢һվǰľȻ䣬һ̹ģһŮ
ǵһĩڣַͶǵϵһƯŮŮʲ˼֮ϧУһҹͻƣӵߡ
ԺУʱ˾;ܵĸ·ϣһ
ᣬַϵļοʹ𲽰ĩľ
һʮУǶ̶̵ʮ죬ΪԼһõһʱ⡣
ڿ쵽ǵʱļ·ڰʮֲСı¶Լ˱ʮͷɥʬסǡ
ʱһͷɥʬ˵ڵأѪϽ䣬Ť壬ڵƴСַ֣ȡ
ʱַһ·СûͷɥʬΪСҪĵӻСڿɥʬצϸ۵ļʱûǰǱˡ
ԺʮУһֱجĥÿ˯ʱ棬ԼʱΪʲôԼôųܵˡ
ǸŮԼôãΪʲôΣյʱ̣ԼȴȻַڱɥʬץ֮󣬾ԼҲѸɥʬ
ʮУȴʼձجβƣҲ޵òԼܾܲ䣬ǺԼĿУȻʲôûŤͷˡ
ʮĩУַиУŮı飬ȴʼجз֣£ͬһһٴν档
һԼû䣬ΪԼԶجˣֻĳǰ
Ůǰǰһ׵Ķȹϥȹ£һԽ׵ȼΪĿϣǹŲõЦݣַ޵ı
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ĿͻȻñԹĿݺݶַ㣬һëȻӰ˵ұģ㻹ϲ𣿡
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ŭ˵ųˣ֮Ϊ㣬㱳ĸ顣
ҵĴɱҰɡ
ǰ˷絶˫ָ֣ԵøֲеҲŨأһ죬ݺݵҧַļͷ
һɾʹַͷͬʱвԶһ̾˭Ҳ֪̾ϢԺδ
ַͻȻѹҲ˵һжǻþԼĿУҲ޿ɺǣȴԸĻþС

ַһƿ䣬漴廯Ϊһʧˡ
ַ㿴һԼļͷ沢û˿ڣļͷȻʹҪ·ղļͷҧһڡ
ǰͻȻ߹һˣǸЦЦ˵ַ㣬þò
Ǹˣַһ˿ɷ
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ĩڣǱһͷǿĹ׷ɱһɽ֮С
ڶڼСǸ޵ȥû뵽ǣͷһʮ죬ʼղȥ
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ַλֻгɽеҰҰݳ伢˺ɽбҲûκʳݸڳԵˡ
ھ֮Уλַ󱳾ͼϮɱַ֮伢
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ͷһغĶʮ죬ַȻûг˼ֻȻȥַżһ
Ǹ˵ͻȻòƲ߲¶ɭɭ׹ǣĿ˵ַ㣬
ǸˣַüΪӣҲЩʧء

ַһȭ˵ԴͻȻ򱬣ʬ嵹صһ˲䣬ַ㱾ʯľͻȻ˺üΡ
Ȼľµľ޴ΣգȻסԼеķŭȼա
Ҳ֪Լķŭﵽһ̶֮󣬱Ͼһˣ˾˵ĸ顣
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УˣкӣŮϸÿж¶˷ŭĿ⣬·ҪַԵ
ַľµǽӽ˱ЩŮ٣ַ㶼ʶǶһͬ㣬ǾǶС
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Χַ㣬ַһƲ֮ﶷһ͸ЩԱ鷳
ȺҪȴֻǻɱַ⡣
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ĩڵѾ֪ʲôѰˣ䣬Ѿûܹһ˿Ĳ
죬ģ߾һѣ֮Ե˵һ˵ͻȻ֣ʹľ
ּǧѪŮףַĿ¶Ұ޵İĿ⡣

ַȺ֮УҿˣӣŮϸ޷ֱıַԴ
ڰУһ̾ϢżĲϵͳַһ̣ͨɨ裬㷢ַϵء
һˣеɱ¾֮ԽأϵĺҲԽأղǸŮֻһ˿ĺϸˡ
ַϵĺȴŨԶԶȥɢī֭
УҲвٺǿߴżǶ޷ĵһˣϵ֮أ˽żǿߵܺ͡
ĲϵͳַŨɷסˣˣɱ˶ˣеɷŻ֮ܵء
ǲϵͳҲ֪ϣ˲ܽеɾĻ޷ͨһأҲһء
Ǹ࣬ǻֵۣʱֻҪʲôˣѳֵʱѡɱ˶ԷǿˡԷ
ǼǧǰǸѡڣоյĶȹһأȴѡѪȵɱ¾һС
ǿߵѾʧأһɱ񣬷ɱĶħ࣬Ѿ屬Զˡ


87  ʬɽ
ۣ¶ϵı顣
ʮֵû飬ǲֵû飬ЩǶǴһ»عˡ
գóһۣԼһˣȻԼκγͷԼҲĪĳͷ
ܹĻһִᷢʱ˴Դȳĺˮܵ˾ڵĳ˾ųŲķҺ
ʱ˿̣ıøӵĴ࣬ļҲӾӨ͸¶ļ·͸һ
ǱһֵĹΧ˷·ͿһĹΣЩȳĺˮų֮зƮ˺ŵ㡣
ۣȴִѾѾˣʮ˵ԴѾƣĵ˵ϣЩȥսʿϵѪˮ˸˯еսʿĽ¡
˶·˻ԣһ޲
һΪ䣬κеĶ𣺡ӭһͨһط̨
һ̣ͷһŤĺڶĴСÿһˣַ㻹һԳ˯ֻǺܶݵԥһ£˽Ťڶе뷨
ֱǸʾ˺ܶ飬Ȼ޷Ӧڣͷĺڶȴʧˡ
жЩϧԼλᣬҲԼԶҲ޷һˣżеЩ䱦ǣҲԼԵˡ
ַߣȴ̤ʵУûһڡ


˵ԴͻȻƣһ˵˵ϣȻûйء
һս̨ͬڵһص̨ϰˣȥȫһ֣ľ㹻ǿǿͨһأҪȻɡ
Ҫһأս޹أֻǿһ˵ľǿ
˵żҪѡһЩĴ˽Уűκ˶׹أΪı˸ӵ
һб֮ɱ¾صˣܿͻᱬͷһûκ
ַʮɱУ˵ܼǿսڿϵ۽֮֮ǿԺɨһ
սһûѹסȻҪһɱ¾̫йء
ַϲȳĺˮʪ·ɵߵַߣͳһ׵ϣĺˮ
ϲ¶һģһˣһʲôҲģʮСŮ
ˢ
ˢ
Ӱ䵽˴ϡ
һ˴˵̵ģӱΪһأԽȡأȴû뵽ôǰˣбֵҲֲ١
ð죬ǵģˣһ֣ɱǣȵǴһأżеһУ㶼ֵܵˡ
á
һ俴ַͻȻЦ벻ﻹһƯһСû˯ȥûƯ
ڽһصʱѾַ͸·˹ȥɫȹھ֮ԵñǰƯĺܶ࣬˲űսʿע⵽
ϵܣδѽôһڣ
ӾϲδСѾͷĳģ崿ҺлһζСиͷ
ϻǸС򣬵˶Ͻɱˡ
龭˾֮ƢѾԭ壬Ͼǳ࣬ô
ްҧأ㣬ֻҪǸһԼͰĳն߰˿飬ܲղ⡣
·û󺺵ĻȻޱַźרעš
ղŴɫսʿܵڵϵַ㣬һɼǿھҵĲ
ЩУΪѲֻҪĻֻԼֵǼҲԸ
ǸƯСƺ˹ϵƺˣԼòżеκζҪֵСҲƽ׵ķˣԼȸɵΪ
ֱַķȥʱַ漴߸߾еĽ󵶡
Ȼޱ飬ȴһָȫָֻϡ
һǧٵһָ֮䣬һָֻ±ȼǹĴ͸ҪǿĶ࣬һ̣սʿϱһɼǵѪ
սʿȴûע⵽ΣյĶһɱˣС򣬲żе䱦ӶһյϲУûע⵽ڻıƽ

սʿԴͻȻըΪһƬѪꡣ
΢΢һûü֣սʿԴͬһ㱬漴˵ʬԵڵء
Ĵ۾ĴתһȦΧȫ۲һߣûпκ˳֡
ַĳٶȶܿ壬Ҫ˵ˡ
ƫƫȴûпκ˶ȻԣȻҧűݣ޵˵úá
ʣµһصѵǵΪѴżĽɣĻһزμӲԡ
սʿʱͷɥʵ˵£ǵľٶ˲ϵͳķŭ²ãϵͳܼĿ£¾Դƶ
ѩѾµһЩԵɣ̾ԼȻãԼղȳֵĻֻҲղֵսʿͷˡ
ҿԼװᣬûȶ֡
һ£ԼУ˶ʮСʱַȴˣûκηӦûбͷҲûѹ
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ϸһ£ԼǴ˴Լʱ䣬ŹһأԼ֮⣬ʱ̵ˡ
ȻַİΣĻǰȴֻǶ˵ͷ߽һأʧ˴ϡ
ַؿڣؿڵȻʮ־ȣûκΣյףǶʮˣΪʲôأ
Ȼڵʣ²Զû£ǵַ˯ȥҲ޷
ʱһսʿҲڵһأ벻ַ˿ֲȻʮ컹ûѹڼʮڹ̨γĶԱȡ
޷£żеλϵͳԹܼңԴ£߶ַ˲첻ѡ
˵ַŨ͸ñˣȴʮ죬ûйһأҲûбʵ̫ˡ
űͦװһżܼҲһҡͷôڼ֮УȻҲвǿߴһأǹһصģһصǿǣûһǿ߿ʮ졣
Ҫ˵ʮ죬żļ¼߱ߣҲֻ죬ͨһأַȴʮ졣
Ѿǵʮˣûκιػ߱ͷļ⾿ôһ£ѵĳˣ

ַ磬ѾһƬѪ
˭ֻҪԥɱЩһִɱģЩǳƲɱģһЩԩϵսʿͨ
Ȼַ㲻һɱˣʮĩģǽǷѪծһ̽ϸĿʡ
ʮɱ¾ɷʹַеı֮ǿ󣬷ȫҲܳңҲ˿̣Ϊʲôκ˶ͨԭڡ

һϤӰַУһ׼ľװ΢΢̣ɫ˵ĽԸ
վַ棬ľװѪַγĶԱȡ
ַѾʧȥ侲һ֮УǵһαĿ¡
ַ˫ȭ߬ס죬ҧгݵ˵
ǵģʱ֮ҵģȴҪᣬǲҲ˵һأ
ɱһΣɱһΣ
ַѸǰһȭԴ˸ϡá

ַһŷֽߵ˶һʬɽϡ
ʬɽˣȴǷűַһɱģЩ˵ʬ飬һӴʬɽ
ɴ˿Կһַɱ¾ôӴ
ͻȻַо˿
Ѿɱˣתһ˲䣬ֱӳȭȭͷǹᴩǸŮ
ڿǸŮһַ̣Լ
ϸ硭
ؿڳһĿĵѪŴѪˮһӣҲȥ

ַ쳤ХѪˮ۽£ȻɱԼһ𳤴ַͬ㻺ȥг˾޴ĴܸС
µľǲ½һĩڵʱ̣һͨĲ񶼲ĵز
һֱй۲ַϵͳܼңǸΪӢ̾һ
ǿȻǿ󣬵ҲиɻղֻɱԼˣȫ
ϾҪˡ


88  ̨
ΪʲôϷеִأֻҪеִҲܳ׽ѣɹ˶־һЭ֮⣬˵ûκʵʧ
ȻַԺеĻþȥżϵͳܼȴĿһС
ǸƳϵ֮ϵͳܼҵų˾޴ŷͣȥû˿⡣
ϵͳܼҾǸ˵Լû´ĻǸżһλͨߵ
ǸߵѾ࣬ͷȴʱʱ̿̿ż
ϵͳܼȻҲ֪żһߴڣǸߵͷȴûжκνżǿ˵ûжżܼ˵һ仰
ǽ죬ԿҪ뾫ַ㣬ȴ˵ĻĪλ߷ǳϲǰˣԼ¶Ĺ
Ȼǿ󣬿еʵ̫أֻѻʬɽ֪ɱ¾жأжôײˡ
λ߲һϲбǿǣΪʲôǰ˿أ
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ߵģ飬͸ǣһͷѩ׵ĳԺ󣬿ߵɷģַ㲻Ȼ𾴡
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еȷ˶һ㣬һɵˣһĻˣ֪磬ܿǰĽѣҲҪִǿȥ⣬뿪ˡ
һ֣һַüģ壬ַϵͻȻ糱ˮȥɫҲǰʬɽҲˡ
ڽ֮£ַڵǱٴαʹڵﵽһǧٵ㡣
Ȼֻ˶ٵ㣬Դ˿̵ַ˵Ѿ˲ˣٵ㣬ַսֵУȴҪЩİٵ˸еֲ
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һַ̣Լǿ˲١
Ĵ˲սʤַͻȻ뵽ڸսżʱ򿴵仰
Ĵ˲սʤǿϵĻµİɣ
ߵ˵ͷַܹ뵽һ㣬ҲԼһѡ
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еļҲԶȷȴǸԶȷˣΪļ֣ԲһУͷ㶼Ϸеִǵżϣ˶ĴˣϣľԼԶȷƫִ񡭡
һ鴿˲սʤһԼȷȴᱻκսʤǵĵڶҪȻĬĬŵε궼û¶棬ȴְˡ
ԼǸԶȷˣ
ҲԣһԼٶҲɱ˳飬ǵȻԼԣΪԼŵֵס˼вûͬΪʳ
ΨһһΣñԼѵ伢ҲԼλѱԼȣЩԼɱҲ᱾Լ⣬ԼŴɱġ
Լ֮ôΪЩǶԵģżֵףԼΪǧָʼջԼ
¾ĩʮĲпȻûѧЭûѧĻš
ٵʱ򣬻ʮ󳬼սʿܹˣȴȻһȥս
ԼǶԵģ᲻һеȥάеЭַ㡣

ڸַȴַëĽ⣬ˣڽҫ֮£ҲԼ鼫Ϊá
ַ۾һ̣еĮˣ΢ЦЦ
һЦеһ㶼ڵء
ǵһηַȻ΢Ц˵ֿ΢ЦϸҪǣЦܺÿ
ַͨʾһأʬ壬ַ֪жٵǿһأԼȴȥˡ
ͻȻֵĻԼԲܴѹҲЩʧһ
û£˾ǹˣȻþգȷȷʵʵĹһء
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еǵŤĿռ䲢ǺֻܿһͨΪԼȴʧȥһλᣬַһȥ
ֵַҲַϷֵĶһ޶Ʒʣʹַ֣ϵ
һСɵèַ㻳Уַܵڵ¶ȣһ̣оԼӵȫ硣
漴˱Ŀռȡ˽ȥһӴС
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˲³ַݣҲֱӳƺ
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ˣһ̫ˣ濼ս棬ò״һصʮ˶棬ǸеʮӰʵ̫ǿˣǻԶ٣ǶѾˣжҲֹֻڴˡ
ȻַȻߣЩѾµݡ
Ͼݿαװսȴ޷αװ̨ʤף۱Ҳûм˿ַ㣬Ž˸еĲ˼ء
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˵ʮ죬ʹһء
ַعͷһ˵֣ϣһЩˣҲϣԼй¶ȥҲ˭ѽϢй¶ȥҶɱˡ
ַ˵꣬漴С֣һ˷̨
շ̨Ĺ涨沢ųһӽ뼸ˣֻҪˣͲ˹ء
Ȼǳ࣬ƾĿǰֻ»˷̨ػԼԵʮҹַǿűҲʼڻ˲һȥ
ַ̨ΧսʿǶסˡ
벻ַôвǣַ˵֮ʱ¶·ûаһطϣôġ
ЦЦ˵ǸԳеˣôҲǲԸй¶ݣ鷳λ鷳Ļͽڶˡ
Щսʿ׷׵ͷַȷɱǵߣЩܹͨƷӲ㲻ǻˡ
ҲַûΪ˱סܣɱǵԭڡ
СУ߾ۼ͵ģַ˵һҵ󡭡
Ȼǳ࣬һȴɣʮӰϵɢӴҲΣգǹɵĵ˵ͷ
ʮӰѸַ㣬ٶ֮죬֮ǿȷ࣬еκһӰӵһǧľǿߡ
ַףղŵĴУսʿҲǿߣе˱컹Ҫǿ󣬿ȴΪʲôһء
ȻַսϣԶȳҪǿĶ࣬ҪսôǿĹӰȴҲ
֪һôһأĪǵõߵİ
һУѡܴڶǿ֮ӱһѡԼ˲ŰԼ
뵽ЩַкܲζǱеİ
ַ¶ģߵκΰԶǷκ˵顣
һʮ֮УַǵԼûһˣĩлôãȫԼŬڸϣҲԼһ٣ٶı˱ӻ
ַԥĿϵ۽޴ֱۣͨе֮Уʹǰı΢΢Ư
һϤڰڲԶ𣺡治˾Ȼϵ۽


89  
ַǸ˵˭ǱǸղλߡ
һֱڰйעԼַû˿ԥеıһ磬ѸٻӰʡ
漴ӰնϣΪһӰʧַ˹ļӰȫ
ʣµ߰˸Ӱ΢΢һ㶣ַȻǿȴҲô̵ʱڣӰ
ЩӰһɣַĴԼֵ֮󣬲ƶӦĹ
ַͻȻϵ۽ʹȵļصĴ󣬲һ˲䣬ʧ֮һսʿ
漴ʣµ߰˸ӰѸٱһһ߰׸ߵľ޴սʿսʿָ£һȭ¡
ķдſֲַʱнǧҲӰӲ
ַԱһݣղŵĵطѾӰȭͷУֻ޴ȭͷѾ˺Ͻĵذ֮Уĵȫѡ
ַֻȭͷеĻ߰ǧʣҲᱻҳһص⡣
һնӰĻôǰĸӰڻҪǿܶ࣬ҳٶҲ졣
ʱַܱܹܲ˵Ĺͺ˵ˣַٻսǱȡ룬ֻҪ޼᲻ݵ֣ȫаգһӰնϡ
һȴַսǱϵʹ޷սǱеõľ
ַ̾һȻԼϵ۽ֻ߰ǧԼǿʮֻҲʹؼһнлصĽ
ʹûֿ־ĽҪΪӴַ֧֣ʱ߱ǿ翪ϵ۽¶
żƺܽǿսչֳҲҪӴ֧֣֪ԼܲʹһС
ʱѾ˵һߣȻҪӽǧˣǸӰӲƴĻԷһȭ԰ĳ࣬ǲࡣ
˵ģӰֻһֲƺ˿ʲôϧŹɵĶһߡ
ַһѣʹּΪĽһӶһ˲䣬ǧ⽫ַȫΧ
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ǵԲεĹӰһڵӰľľ΢΢һתӰϵľ޴ͷ­Ϣ
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ַ𱦽֮˫Щ΢΢Ȼصż֮Уʹؼ߽Ͼʱ̫ղŵľ˶ѾʹĽܵصˡ
һԼһնɱһͷããУߵһͷ̾Ϣ
ԼҪﵽһĳɾͣкܳ·Ҫߡ
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ַ㰵ǼеʹС͵ĺ˵ȻżУͨղŵĻƺ֧ӵİա
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ʱ֮棬ǴĻѱأżĻѱصַսǱеĻѱأʮֹ
ַȴЩҪʱ֮飬ֻҪںʱ֮飬ͿԵڶοϵ۽ҲǵԼ
ַһ֪żУĸżûҩżʱ֮飬˵ȫ˫ҩȴһǸá
ַ㽫ʱ֮ȥ˱ƹ
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һıǣڵõż֮ʵͻͽԼĶѹһյĻһıǣᱻһϺܶ࣬˵ᱻ޹ƣʱĵľ涼ᷢ䣬ʱԼȫĵˡ
ڱַ㷢һӵĽȻţȻų⣬ַ㲻ѯʵ澿ʲôΪʲôϼ⣿
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Ȼˣ֮Ҳżеıеʮ֮飬ڽҲַ㾡ѹθɾ
֪µĻһ㴷أ޵ģԼ뿪ʱˡ
ַ漴ͨ˵żԱʮҪһһеһŮϽָӣסֻ㰵ԵˣŮϽ㶼Ҫй¶֮ģԺֻҪʲô£㶼λŮϽ
ͨһӫ̻ŵףֻͨʵˣ𣿡
ַ˵ͷǵ֪ԼõżĻƲԼƴŹء
̻õżûʲô˵ģϾżջ˱ǣ˵ԼôҲ
ַϲһżı̻Ȼֻ̻ӵһֵʹȨȻ˵ҪϾַ̻׽ˣȻԸַ̻֮䱣Ѻùϵ
ʱžã˵ĮֻļߣĵθػıʣԼĿ⵱һġ


90  Ի
ǵõżϢľڵĴСǻľڵĸϣ֮ǣ׷ɳʹߵףء
һҶ࣬໥ύһ£Ҳ˱ռ˵̬ġ
ų޵ԽԽǿһļǹѾɱǿıޣ͵ļֲʺʹãȻҪѰ
ҲˣĿżУȻһʷǰĴͱƹ
ǸƳԻɱмİǵʿĻɴǿӵ
ϣ֮ǵĽȻҲ빺һЩıϣ֮ĽҪǣżеõ˴ҩҩڶʱ֮ڣǿܼ¡
ҩĿǰѾΪѱأҩＤӳ򱻳ƺΪϵ۽
ڲһµʱڣѾ˴Կϵ۽ĳսʿ
ӵϵ۽֮󣬺ܶսʿҹһˣԶϣ֮ǶԣҲ˽һʱ䣬ʳȱľ״
Ȼˣ֮ô̵ʱڳִĳսʿҲ뱱ǵʳȱйء
ڼв£һЩͶ·СսʿԲķʽȥʳûѱء
ϾٵȥûʳҲǻԼܹɹܽѱأϵ۽ĻʱԼһ죬Ϊˡ
һµʱڻѱ֮µսʿﵽ˼ʮ򣬲ŵĳսʿ
Щսʿڿϵ۽֮󣬱ʵüΪֲʹԼ屶ܵ˸׷
ֻҪЩսʿϼӣͿԵõٽĹְźĴ
ǲӣϣ֮ҲкܶȨһͨսʿ볬սʿ׵Ļսʿսʿܵͷ
֮սʿϮɱ˳սʿĻǱҪٱǹе³
ô涨ȻЩĩʵΪ𣬱ǵĹ涨ֻܶǿ߿ݣֻǿ߼뱱ǣӶʹǵԽԽǿ
ϣ֮ĽЩ߸ϵĽ࣬ȴûм˸ðʳֻѱأϾںҩʧܵı̫ˡ
һʧܣǱʧȥӵеһУ˵һĳսʿ󲿷ֶЩΪ߻Եսʿм䡣
ЩСھϵ۽֮󣬴һСһӱһͷ͵ʨӣǵ磬ҪȾĽЩǶҪԵܶࡣ
ЩˣЩС˵־˼
Щսʿϵ۽֮Ŀֲϣ֮ĽҲֻжԳսʿǵƿ̣ϾǻǳսʿĶ֡
սʿҲȥЩ࣬Ȼǿϵ۽֮üΪǿ󣬵ϵ۽ر֮󣬱ǳڡ
ڼʱЩҪƻҪɱǵĻҲ׾ٵ顣
ںϻѱسɹ֮һԸԴҲǵĹһѶȡ
ĽǣֻҪűŴױ뱣ڣԷֹЩ޷ĳսʿǶƣϮǡ
ǣҲӭĩһα仯ǾƽеĳսʿѸ׳󣬳սʿǣΪһɶʷ̨
ųսʿԽԽ࣬Ǵ֮ϵͷȻˣսʿ֮˭Ҳ˭ǲܳɱڣһɾԵ
ַİ֮£Ķ֣ʤĸȺϵ۽Ҳ˷ѵַĿ֮顣
ȻַҲ֪̻㲻֮飬ҲԳɹϵ۽ΪһǾԼϵ۽
Ľ࣬򲻵ѣǲ׳ԣϾ̫ˣַָ֮飬ֱӰоյĿϵ۽
ַ˻Ǿڻѱر֮˶ƵķԣԥķҩȻľϵ۽
̻żˣҪԱԶԶľ˾ȡͷ
Ȼƶ̫⣬Ǿϣܹż̻Ǹˡ
ǸżȴĪĶ̻Ҳ֪̻һҰĵˣһҲǲɽܣҲĬ

һ죬ŵСææַ㣬ĶǸƯŮһԵЦŮ𣬾ңҲôȲܹɣ
СزݺݵĶһۣһ߲һ˵ֽ̹٣ˡ
ַ˵˵𼱣˵
ǵŮ̻࣬ķӪپǻŵĵһݶˣҲĻЩ˼п̻Լġ
ЩԵ˭ԼӦöЩκʽá
ոҰԻ㱻ľļסƣϵ۽ѾҰ⿪ˣ˶ԸЩˣҵԿ͵͵ֽ̹ˡ
Ķһ˵дǲȥ۸ˣĳЩ˾͸ллˣǻҴǵ⣬ҲȥŰǡ
ɲĶţһǧ֮ϣ־ϵ۽ַ㣬֣ʤ磬սʿһľǶӲƴʵ
ھȻ˳۸磬Ȼ˲ˡ
ȥɡ
ַڷˣĶ򼤶˫ֲϵѽڵԼʱˡ
СĴ֮£ַĶܿһϣѾվˣƺµĿ֡
Ķȵÿÿ
Ϊʲôÿ
ĶһȭȥһȭŷȻֻ˼Ѿܲס赹ڵء
Ķ˵Ϊұǿ
Ķ߲ƣٿֵ˷׷׶㿪Ķÿһ·ĶһַһĶ
ĶСֱӴȺ總
·һͷ߰˰ٽĲ֪ޣʮģݣַһᣬôһ¡
ЩʿҪеĹޣǿļ۸ҲΪЦʮԪݺңҪɱͷޡ
ĹѾüΪǿɱͷҲﵽһǧٵ
籾ֻ߰ٵڿϵ۽֮󣬲ųɹɱͷޡ
Ǹոջسǣ㱻ľľٸסˣܶ˵ҪʮԪݺҹеͷޣܴ󷽵˵Ǯˡ
ʮԪݺʲô۲Ϸǵǰ£һС򲻵˵ͷ˹صĹˡ
Ǯͷצϵָ׶ǳ룬ϹӣҲ֪ȺҲġ
ַû˵ľ뻢һ򲻺ַͣ򣬾ǵľ˾־ƽԼЩȴҶ緢ѣ֪ǵĵԺδַŲǻĲʶ硣
Ķҵ˵ĻᣬʹһɫЦ⼸λֵܸļ۸ĺܹһӸλƯʮԪݺңù㣬ռ˴ˡ
Ķֿ˲Զַ㣬ЦЦ㲻˵
ľǼȻʶĶǵѩ׵ĴϺݺݵһۣüЦ˵λǸˣ˵һ乫
УĶô˵һΪ˰ͽǣųû侮ʯġ
ھȱߵڰ׵ˣĶ˰˵㴫ȥҲ˵ȡ֡
Ķַ󲿷ֵ˶ҲֻֻδˣȺлϳĶ˿һĮַ㡣
ˣֵ˲ִ֪ˡ
Ⱥȴյûһ˳ѵľǼ٣ֻ뿴ֶѣҲ뿴Щ۵ļһôճ
ĶǼһۣЦе˵һλ֪࣬λսľүǾˣһʾ޿Ҿס
ĶӻͳһԪݺ˵һԪݺңһȺɶӡ񲻱ӵˣϸӰɣһԪǮǣǾͶҵĸˣ⣬һһݺҲˡ
Χ۵˺ôЦЩϳĶַˣַİԵĶ𣬽ľֻдͷˣǵԸ⿴ľ˰ģ
СӣԭСһġ
ͷѽ
Ķһȭؿڰһȭٵ嵹Ź˺üףֱӱˡ
ľһŭһϵ۽
Ȼ˱ֻٵ㣬ڿϵ۽֮Ѿǧ㣬ٽСӣҪΪԼһǧΪΪϵ۽ǰǵȫҪ˵㣬ţҲš
ֲȺţԭ˾ϵ۽Һѽ
ĶɣҲϵ۽ҲĶһǰϵ۽ϵǴﵽ˽ǧ֮ࡣ
ȻҲϵ۽ĶȣǴǰһͷСߣԼˡ
в֮ʱĶһŷ𣬽ٵֱ߷ɡ


91  еϳ
ٵշֱײ˶һǽ
ڿϵ۽֮ѾüΪǿҪȻղͱʯҳ⽴ˣȻʯͷϣģΪǱ
ţʱһֱѾ̤ؿڣѹ֮ƣ·Ҫ¡
ĶͷЦԭǾϵ۽ǿߣֲøţղ˵ҵǿĳսʿǰҲ֪Һѽ
Ͽ񺹲ֹղԼֻĶһǧĿֲȴûзҲǾϵ۽ǿߡ
һ£ǧǿߣǲðںϻѱصģϾһܽʧܣЩǿ߾ͻʧȥԼӵеһС
ԽǿˣԽҳԾϵ۽Լȴһܲһ㣬Ƶļһ
ղԼѶԷ˸ƨǣ˵һǧǿߣԼǰ㣬˵ʵٵʱ˵⻰ʱ򣬻Լ⻰ԷܸϾĶǿߣͷѹ̫ãһǿܶˣд˾޴С
ڶԷϵ۽һ˲䣬ٲףղԼղŵĻǴ˵ܸǴԼȻԼôͿˣһԻļһأ
벻ҲǾϵ۽ǿߣֵˡ
ĶмΪ죬оԼӱַҲǲ̫࣬Цһ˵үүǮȻ
¶һ˿ŭɫھϵ۽˾־ƽԼҲϵܳϵ̵ܶģȵĲˡ
ǽ죬Լȴ̤ڽ裬뷢ŭĶͲʲôĽ΢΢һһûٵȱˡ
ǰһͷ˺ʱ䣬ʳȱǶһϢһͷ
Щԣһսʿһ԰ֺٰǣͲ浱ˣֻҪЩǿսʿʩһԵĸжԷΪԼڣûл˵
ʼͷʱ仹һЩʳĽȱڽͷֵʳԽԽ٣ϧֲŮģ޷ֹȵŮһȡʳ
һʱ䣬㻶ֹŮһҲ벻Ҫ˵С˺ˡ
˵żеõһҩֻҪҩ˵Ļһʱڣ屶
Ϊ˻Ϊ˽ѣԥĲʳҩǵһ죬ҩ߰˰ߣЩ˶ڷҩ֮󣬶Ϊһ̲ŧˮ
ȴһսʿֱΪһų
̶һĹһؤ˻ʵۣĶһţְ߻ԭΣ˶ϵ۽ǰ£Ķȫ
ԼúĻ˵ԼĶӸȱˣһӣоԼֱǰǸһ˺
үС˷ˡ
Χ۵ľ׷Ʋ죬벻һԿϵ۽ĳսʿ֮ϵǿߣȻͨսʿûй̤һžͳ⸱
Χ۵ȴˣΪϵ۽֮ǰһûй˺ǻع鱾԰ˡ
СӦýүүǽдүУݺȫүүó
ǡСһհ졭
ǰ޵Ķַ΢΢һüͷ
ĶƷ⣬ʵѾЩ˵Ĺƣٵϵ۽ĶͬʱȻҲͬʱ
ڣپʱ䣬ֻҪĶϵ۽һرգһԿϵ۽ĳսʿĻʱÿ޵ľĶˡ
˵Щ˻Ķ飬հһ顣
ַ֮ǿֻҪϵ۽ȫɱ⼸˽ֵĳսʿȴԼϵ۽ر֮󣬱˼˱ˣѾеһּΪֲڿ
ǹ֮ǿǰ⼸ٿᲢ۵ġ
ַ㰵ģĶһĻͲپݣǳϵĳûн֮ǰʮ˴ˡ
ʱٿϵ۽Ҳ̫вŰЩˡ
ַ㿴ǼһۣЩ˵ɫΪŹ֣Ҳû̫ŵı飬ȻԼϲ
Ķȴûע⵽һУֻȺϴѹݺңģò⡣
ַڿˣЩٱ϶Ķͷȴ¶˳Ū֮ɫƺڳЦĶǸɵһҲţĶѹȥݺңȵĶϵ۽ر֮һֻ
Ķϵ۽ڹرգ¶ƣ֮ɫȺһЦҲû˸ղŵųģ
ǽүүǷˮתղǺүүҪʮһٱĺ
һӶôүүֻºƺҲꡭ
ֱӿϵ۽һǧһ˵ﵽǧٵ㡣
Χ۵սʿʱ۷׷
벻ľоȻôĳսʿĶ²ˡ
ѽĶȻϵ۽ѾرգսʿҲҪǿһ
ҿδأսҲˡ
ĶԼղʧˣԼһǧڿϵ۽֮󣬾Էͬʱϵ۽ԼҲаհǴ壬ڣԼϵùرϵ۽ô졣
Ķعͷϴ󡭡

ַͻȻĶǰǼޱĺȵ
սʿȻʶַ㣬ӶԷŨİµݣǲַ㡣
ַڲϵ۽£δԼĶ֣ϵ۽ԼҲ֮ززȵַϵ۽ر֮ԼǿϹʱ򣬾Ϳʰַˡ
սַ㣬ǰȻͷ󣬵ڳսʿǰȴʲôҲǣֵܾϵ۽Ҳ˰ɣб㿪ϵ۽Ըѽϵ۽رˣǵȴкüǿĳսʿûпϵ۽ʱǾҪս̨ϴҲ֪ʲôɨء
Щੲݣַ㲢û˵ʲôȻԷΪ壬ԼȴǵϣûκԼ
ˢ
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еżеõһѼıȻѽķȲ󣬵һȴ̫ࡣ
ַոճ֣ѾԼǰԼϵ۽֮ȻЩַٶȣд󾪡
ϵ۽ľû뵽ַûпϵ۽֮ǰ˿ֲٶȣȴţǰе󵶺ǰסַ㱦·
˿˲˼һĻ
ַеıͬжһ㣬жǰĽս󱦽Ʋ˥ֱӽնϡ
Ķڣ˾ŴףǶǰһкݺˡ
һսʿڿϵ۽֮£ڵӽǧ㣬ȥȣҪǿһĳսʿȴûпϵ۽ַһնΪΡ
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һսʿӦ죬Ȼʱǧٵ㣬ͬһб㱻ַɱ˿ɣַ㲻ϵ۽ҲɱԼһʲôѽ
ٵϣתܡ
Χ۵˵һƬһϵ۽ǧٵĳսʿȻһûϵ۽ǿ߸ˣһûʽ־͸ˡ
ǰǶΪսʿǸ߸ϵĴڣȴû뵽죬ַŵòսӣЩǿУǿԿϵ۽ĳսʿҲǸ
ַЦһȻ˱ˣΪԼ˵İȫҲҪԷնɱ
Ȼսʿһ㣬ǿսƬ֮׷սʿһնɱ
µѪ꣬˶ΪԼ۾⣬ǧٵѽôҲᱻɱ
Ķһ䣬ֱַ̬ǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ԼΪҪԸսʿҪϵ۽ܽء
ȴû뵽ûпϵ۽ַ㣬ȻҲɱսʿϵ۽ĻʱжôĿֲ
ַܵ˰ǹǿĿӣ˵Ҳ֪˭ȻҷѣΪʲôûеһأ
ս鴫Ȼڲϵ۽£ɱϵ۽ĳսʿ
һһ£һͷģΪε˴Ӷ¥һ˴ϡ
漴ĵ涼Щ΢£˲ˣĸޱ䵽˵
ַ㿴һۣ¶֮ɫ𾪵ǰˣ˲ˣĹ
ϸһ£ǰôһ¡
ԭ˲˹ĶһУԼЦΪϳĻеϳˡ
еȻ˵٣֫ȴзԼǿĽɣڱеࡣ
ֱѾﵽ˽׵ĸ߶ȣǶż׳Ľ첲ȣǵﵽǧ֮࣬ķǴﵽǿ߲еķ
еϳˣ˵Ŀǰ֪ǿڡ
ַ㲻һ֮Уǹǿٲµһǰ˵ݡ
Ŀ꣬ʵ㾿ǳϣ֮УκĴĸˣ


92  
΢΢һ벻ַȻ˽ⳤѯκĴеһҵˡ
ô֪ĴҵĴڣòƱǾԳҲ˽ɣôַȴ֪ôϸ
ַ㰵̾һ֮Уһ뱱ȼϣ֮ǣ뱱ǲͬǣϳǱһصӻάߵӰ첢ǿңԲʹúܶǿļϳڵԱȫ
ĴֵõһСӰżʷǰżʹóȫٸϣ֮Ѹ
ǸżУȻûżִ͵ıƹҲûлѱҩǵõżȴǻ֪żУƼߵһżǲżħĻеϳ
ĩڣĸֿƼǴﵽһ޷ĵز»ʮ󳬼սʿҲǳȻ
ҲһЩ׶ˣǾڼĿ£ǵľһϣ֮Ǹ˽ڹϵδ˵սǶû˲μӡ
һַҲԳûκκøУֻ벻ǵô˱ǣľ־ƽһ
˺ð˵ҽ죬ҵˣԳǵһк˽𣿡
죬ַ㲢ʶļҲûˣҲ볤һĵ͵йء
ߣǸԱʤĳУһΪΪĳУ˱ǲŻᵮַҲΪ֮һӢ
ӵеģǸʽĸ߿ƼӰȴ˿ڱǡ
עظʽĿĳǣսʿǸ˰˰޵Ĵڡ
Ȼһĳǣûгֹһľʮ󳬼սʿķǿߣǵʵȴûκ˻κϣ֮ǸСơ
ַ˵ͷĴгʵһңλƶߣһλò˵ߣߵǻ֮ߣҲûм˿ȼ硣
¼Ϊ͵Ĵ֮⣬³ˣҲ֪ôһλصƿ߳Ӵ
ľ˾ҲǱĴҹͬѡģ˾ҲǴĴˡ
ûĴҵȨ֮£³ǵľ˾ҲǸѡ
ܴһǺܵүӵذɣ
ô֪үӣ
үӱǳƶˣһַҲһ棬Ĵҵ˶ֱǸߵ𾴵ĽүӣȻҵˣȻүҲİˡ
˾ȴ֪λүӵĴڣַȴ˵˳仰һӦһԸðûл
ַûлشĻֻ˵үô㣬ϣ㲻Ҫʧ
ʶүӣ
쵱ȻַʶүӣҪ˵㶫Ҳδ֪үӵĴڣַҲ͸ʶˣַʵûκν֪үӵĴڵġ
ʶүӵĻô˵Ļأ˵ַܹ֪үӵĴɳģҲ̫˰ɣ
ַ˵˵үӷβã磬糿ԷκܲģЩģӦȰҪôŶԡ
ԭִʶүӡ
첻κλɣүзβ飬ҵĳ֮⣬ҵ˶ûмַ֪ȴ˵˵һүӣүӵĹϵ
үӵϣղŵʱѹ˲١
ִˣղŵֻһᡭ
Ļû˵꣬ղǼѾһԽ
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ȻʲôˣԼһսʿҲʧأصĻ־ƽԼƤŹء
Ҳ֪Լ˾ַ֮ǣĶ棬µϳַһܵĻ˵ĿԸɵַ㡣
ַĪ˵˼϶ȻѸղŻһסˣĻΪԼѵ˼˲ŲܲˣǸղھ¥˵˳
¶֮ɫַȴ˵ͷôһ¡
Ҳ濴磬˲еľʮΧݵ鷢
ǰӢ۾Ҫǿߣⶼ̵ַ顣
ַһԴвĿ˵Ժ󻹷飬ҲүŻ
첪Ȼɫһеٮٮߣϣƶ˵ļ̳ˣҪȻҲܴˡ
죬ȴַ㵱ʱеԼͬʱһ˿ɱ
ʶүүҲһˣȴӣɱ㣬үһٳʲôҲҽѵү
ͻȻ˵һҸɵˡ
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ȻڱǣڻһսʿֲĴ֮һ볤Ļеϳȣǲ˼ࡣ
¿ϵ۽ĳսʿҲǻеϳ˵Ķ֣ǿĳսʿҲ˺˻еϳˣϾеϳ˵Ľ壬ԵֵĹ
һеϳֻ˾ңҪȻֻҪһӳ򣬾ͿԽַǿĻеϳ˵ԱҲǳǿƻеϳ˵һܰ취
ƴеϳˣַûκα飬·ûµ
Ҳַ֪˼ǣųƻս񣬸үĪĹϵĴ˵˫ܾˣԷһ̨¡
ַˣȻүӺ죬Ҳϣףδҵļ̳ˣκ˵вƾղ˵Ǿ仰ҾͿɱ㣬үʶһķϣҿԸһӡ
ҵôӣ
ŮòңͻĺģԼȥҰԣֻҪŮ͸ң¾ˡ
ĶһԽе˵Сѽ
첢ûĶĳЦַֻĴ𸴡
ַˣ㱻ΪսȻҲǸµˣΪһŮ˶˷磬Ҳ˵ҲŮƣҲһȺãߵŮҲȱһûбҪΪһŮǳΪеģֻҪ˵һʹ컰Եõǳǵꣿ
ľľɫһ䣬ϿûͶԴЩӸȥֹŮˣ벻Ϊ˵õǰǻŮǵĵ˽ύ
ַֻҪصŮԵõҵ֧֣ӦòᷴԴ£ַôľͿˣǰͶ룬Ϊļ¡
ַͻȻЦַЦȻܻٻ
ȻԼǳǵĴˣʵȷʵǵκξ飬ҪĴһͬʵʩ϶˵ҲûôĿ
ַ½һһĶϡ
ԶСϣʺָӡıиѪĺɫķϲҲ̶á
㡭ɱ
챻ˣΪүϲĳ˵ǧ谮һֻҪĻǽҵļ̳ˣպҪϳǾ˾λҲǲܡ
ôһǰƽ̫үȻôǰıѪնһȣһ첲ѿĶࡣ
ʱҲ˼ַүӵĹϵֱߵеϳɱַ㡣
׶ߣԷ˵廹еϳΧַϵ۽ڵȻﵽǧҡ
Χ۵ľһ󻩡
ôܣȻǧȫԺɨ½֪ǿˡ
˲˹ĶҪùˡ
˱Ѫ֮ȴ¶һ˿΢ЦȺΧ۵սʿʿ뷨ȴһ
ַǧҲڱˣˣ磬Ȼеϳ˻ҪǿһЩеϳȴԵֵһĹַ㲻ǧ޷죬ֻҪеϳ˰ַϵ۽رգͿ԰Űˡ


93  ͷս
ַնıֻеϳ˵첲նһ⣬Ȼûжеϳ˵κ˺
ַ̾һһ֮УҲ֪еϳ˵Ĵڣȴûְ˰Ĺｻ֡
Ȼ֪еϳ˵ǿȻûϵԼնıƤ
ôһ֧еϳɾӵĻһͳĶû⡣
Ŀǰֻеϳ˵٣ҲֻгǾ˾ĴҪԱʸЯּǿĻеˡ
ܴ֮еϳһһмݣһ棬Ҳϣͨǿĸ࣬򱱾ǣȫϣ֮ʾԼļ⡣
ò˵һкܸػߵеϳ¶ʱǡ
ڲʮӵʱ䣬һݹеϳ˴ı˶ǰ
Ʋɵó̾һԼΪõżͿȫϣ֮вͷˣǵ֪Ȼְ˰Ĺʱʱ
һ԰ο˵£˾ҲطϣҲ㳤ǾӵǿĻеϳˣǵҲкܶ࣬ĻеϳܴﵽǧĻƾ֧ʨһͳˣǾֻеϳ˵࣬Ǳǽ˵ģǰ¶ʵҲΪ̸Լĳѡ
ǵеϳһ¶棬˸ʹߵע⣬ֻҪǻַ㣬ʾǵԶǱ֮ϣǽˣǱҲֻܸǵСܡ
˾еϳȻǿ󣬵ȴΪַܹ㣬ǷַܵĻǳǱ㲻ˣַǣҲһ̸мΪ
Ǹڱǹʹֻеϳַսһбʤİգҿַģ·Ҳʮ㣬Ҿַʲôûʹˣⳡ˭ȡʤ˵
˵ͷлǸ뷨ǾǲΪַܣ漴־ƽǷ߷ߵ˵־ƽСԽԽʵˣ֮ô󵨣˵Ƿֲģϣ֮ʹһ𣬸ģ˵ǽôô
־ƽֻһСɫĻһ仰ͿԽԶʧַˣЩղˡȥһ£ַʤˣ˵һŭ֮£ˣȻǸĶ棬˵Ļ볤ǵĽ˱̸ˡ
ʱֲöƲô־ƽϣԭ־ƽ԰ԼԵס
־ƽ飬˶Ƶ̵ߵĻʱ־ƽɥ֮ʱ˾ıԣȷԼԲ²õġ

˵Ĺս˵ıκβǣ
⻹ȫʮ֮˾ŶɻˣҲܻǱν𣿡
ѾĩʮһˣܶѾͨһЩƼ̶ȸһʹǸֻеϳַսĻ洫˸Եϣ֮ǡ
ַıûжԻеϳ˵κ𺦣΢΢̣¶һλģ
ϧһͷԼǰĵѪʱַղŸǸͣʱ΢Цƺʱϲ¶ŭı
һײұ㱬ǵ࡭
һеϳ˵ıţĴߴ֮£ͬһַ㡣
еϳ߽ף˵ǵжӦüΪ׾ŶԣȴڹʱָѶȵĶǵĶȾսʿ廹Ҫ
Ӵƣһսʿֻǿһۣбӿ޷뷨
ľʮ٣һϲ⣬еϳַĻ־ƽʧսʿ˵佱˵ľĵˣЩҲ𾢵ĺ
һַͣ㡭
ͷд֪һԴַġ
ľЩһʱһۡ
ַħɽһսѨɱԳʮͷǿĹޣ˵ˣȻҲľˡ
ַɱԳ֣˵ǵˣսʿǾеʿԱжַġ
Ǽľ˶𱨣һ׷ñӵĿ⿴ǡ
֪˭ͷ˷׷װѵϵĸͷȥǧһ֮£ǻǣϵľװŪòƲ
һٱ޿ɱܣһ׺Ķֱߣƿڴģĸóҡ
ϣԣôӲļʯõģʯð伦Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ٳԵеһڼʯھҵײ֮£ײˣһʯ˹
ٰϧʣµݣϽסͷȻձסݣͷȴĴ
Ѹ˹еϳˣַһסһеϳ˵ĸ첲˳һ߰˰ٽصĻеϳȻַһ˳ȥ
еϳ˵崥֮ʱַסһеϳ˵ĸ첲ӴҲ˳ȥ
Ҳھҵײ֮£ϵˮ涼еϳ˵ҳӡ
ַչΧ۵ľ׷׽ЩŮսʿַȥۡ
ɫЩѿû뵽ַܱǾİϲַǿ˫һ֣ǿĻеϳ˾ͱַԶԶ˳ȥ
еϳˣڲһӵʱ䣬Ѹٴӵվ
еϳ˵Ȼﵽǧ֮࣬ŵ㲻ϣϵǿ
һͷǧĹޱַӳȥҲᱻˤòģеϳ˳µˮ֮⣬Ǳȴˡ
еϳŭַ㣬ڲһӵʱǵǱַӳȥ߰˴ΣȻǵһ˵棬¥ȻһСǿһ㣬һһε
ַ㰵ֻ̾ҪԼȡĻһȥԽеϳնΪΣĿǰ뱩¶սǱܡ
Լʹϵ۽Ҳ룬ϾڱѾ˺ܶĳսʿ
ԼֻǱ¶Ļ˵һ㣬սǱɴСżռ¶ȥĻԻȫǿߵĿӣԼͻ鷳ˡ
ǵʱ̣ҪȻôǰ¶սǱܡ
ʱһֱӴһеϳ˵ؿ룬ִ͸䵽һСŮϡ
󡣡
ַϳ˸ղŵǵ⣬ͬʱһöڲԶ𣺡ָ磬ôôûȣڴ˴ܣ
һüĿ续༫ΪɰСŮһʮ˾꣬崿Ůһַ˹
ôˣ


94  
ϸ磬˵鷳˵ϹˣҵԿһĹƹƹҴͣ
۾һ벻Ůô࣬Ůһոճɣ崿ģκ˿˶Ķ
һСȻСһЩֱ۵С΢΢زҲ¶ӵģеľŪδµСŮɱȸղλŮǿ˲١
ֹеЩӹ֬׷ۣǸǱȶܱȣԼɱַ㣬ٽŮسԼԺͿŽĵĩˡ
תתȥϵĴŻ⣬ǶзǵҲǴ󲻽⣬СʹõʲôȻ˺ƻеϳǿķ
֮˶ؿڱһ͸Ļеϳϣ뿴᲻ʹ˱
еϳֻŭ˼ؿڵĿۿɼٶȣٵ
ϸղŵĴڣҲղһ䴩
Լһ޹΢΢һ죬Ѿٴеϳջ֮еϳ˵ؿѸٸԭˡ
⡭ôܣһôǸõĶ
С͡
ЦСãıȻ䴩һ壬λ޸ǿɱǵġ
˸ŤͷĴ˺ÿıַܵߡ
ĵ֮У˵
˶ôһ£ıᴩ˻еϳ˵壬Ϊʲôеϳ˲û巴ܿٸԭ
ַȴôһ£еϳ˵ʹüģ֮ܵ󣬲Ѹٸԭ
Ȼеϳ˵ıλȴһĲڽͷ̹ܿȥ
ֻҪ಻̴еϳ˾Ͳӵǿ޸±һ̸͸ҲѸٸԭǡ
ӣһá
ָ磬ô˵ͲˣʲôϵҵĶĶα˵أ
⻰Ҳһ˫أַ͸ģջȥҲûд˵ģߣַδӵԾӣɷ֮䣬Ȼʲô費ġ
ַһۣѾͷСԴôô໨ء
ȥɡ
һַ㣬ַӹ󣬽仯һѽذףԾӭĻеϳ˳ȥ
첢ַľٶϣѻеϳ˵̳ӣֻҪ಻飬ͲַĳѾķֶ˰ɣ໹ʣʮ룬Сӵϵ۽ͻرգʱеϳһϣƬ֮˺顣
ַ㣬ԺŮ˾ͶҵˣҪ⼸Ůȫ˽ʱַˡ
һ⻮һеϳ˵ľͻȻ֮䣬еϳӴĽһʧȥͻȻԵڵأͬһѷһ㣬ڵһ
һеϳ˹˵ʱַ߸ٴԾ𣬲ľ΢΢һеϳҲ·̱һ㣬Ӵ˵ڵء
˴һ벻Լǿǿ޸еϳˣַ򵥵һǱһѷַôһأ
ַ̫ǿˣôĻе˶̫ûˡ
˵Ǹղĵľľ٣֮Ľ֣ȱ̫˵ϾʧȥĻ˵ĻδЩ塣
ʱַ֪ɹһʯҲ⸱ҵģⱲҲƤˡ
ܻ˵Ҹɵַһ
еϳȴһδʱɵۡ
˵ֻеϳǳĿǰǿսʿĸףڳҲûʸЯĻеϳˡ
ʹǣųǵ棬ĴˣƸеϳôΪ˱죬Ϊϣ֮ǰʾһ³ǵʵ
Уеϳȫ޵еĴڣʲôսʿս񣬶ڻеϳ˵ȭͷ£һࡣ
ַûöеϳ˵زôʩеϳҲû˿Ӧ
˴󲻽⣬ַղеϳ˻žͣû˵еϳ˷ֺΪʲôղȥȴʹǿĻеʧȥжأ
ַֻ֪ôһ£κǿĴڣ㣬еϳҲ⣬Ҵ̣е̳ӣǵҲٸԭ
ַֻ֪еϳһ㣬ǾǾѪֻеӴĵطֻҪ֣ٻеӵ㣬Խǿĸһѷ
ֻеϳҲڲͷķԶԶλַղŵ޷ƿֻеϳ˵ľ
޼᲻ݵȴɵĴеϳ˵ľ׷ǣĿǰ³רǣŶûʶеϳ˵ľ
Ÿϣ֮ǵ𣬲֮սӾ磬Ϊ޵Դ֮սҲڼӾ硣
һ֮Уһ볤ѪսĳУڸ˴֮󣬲˻еϳ˵ľǵ㣬һЩİ֮£Ǹвֻеϳս
һַ㣬Ӧǵһ֪еϳˣſʤɣҪȻ޼᲻ݵҪָҲҪѼ
ǰף´죬ַ¶˳ָ̬޵񾭲ȫƻ㻹ܽվҸС
ַĿע֮£ŸеԼĿǰ״ЩǰֻǵԼص֮󣬻ᱻүӳ𣬱Ͼеϳ̫ˣųǿĻеϳˣȴַƬ֮˰죬ԺҪվϣǺܴ
˵ЩԼֵǣô¹Լ˵Լ²˳ҵûȡԼΪҵһ̳˵ĵλ
ڣĵַ᲻ʰԼݣƫƫֲַǰҪȻǵ涼ᱻ⡣
ӲͷƤ˵ַ֣ǶҵĻȴǴˣǱǵĴ֮𣿡
ַЦһЦҲݰң֪ʱ̣ڳ˵Լ˵ԼǱʧ˵ķˡ
ϧԼػһͰһЩûõһߣΪݶŹ
Ҫ˻Ϊַ˵Ժи˴Ůǵ⡣
ΪҲɱ㣬𣿡
͸еַ⣬ʱɫ԰ȴȻҧ˵Ӧ֪үʲôϵɱңӵߣҲҪ㲻ҳҵ׷ɱ
ô̧ĳˣôֱӺգƺһЩ
Ļĩ֮ǰһĲٸļһ鷸֮ϲӲŲӶ˴ҵգǸɵҲ˽ͷβ˲֪˲һݰ
Ȼ¼ѾȥöˣЩֳͶһ̥ıԼݵĶǣһ¶Ű棬ᱻݳһֻẰҵյĴݰ
Ȼһ˵ɲݰԼɲôΪΪԼһĽӣֻԼļֵûбھ
ַȴôǰַ˵һֻẰҵյĶ棬ҲַĶδˡ
ڳ˸Ҷô˵Ļλǵ̫үͰγǹ˸ǹˡ
ڣȴ֪ﲻǳǣԼҲ򲻹ַ㣬ַˣԷͷʱȻҽԼȥַǿӲʯͷ
ˣ˾칫ұǵĿˣκ˲˺ӡ
ٱľĻӣĵɫҲÿһЩ
ַ㵨ٴҲΥǵľ˾ƵɣԼ°ȫˣղŰԼòңڸԼʱˡ
ַ㣬ţѽղ㲻˵Ҫɱǣðɣб°үԴҶ֣С֡
ôߵģҲԽп࣬Ҳַ֪رԸ񣬱ͶԼܲȰַûжٰա
Сһ㣬ַٰбûˣС˺˵˵ⲻǹ
ַкһȻһǷ˳еͷһ飬һԼȴǷκ֣αںͷӣڳҵ׷ɱûзϡ
뵽ַָһһؿڣ֮죬඼ס


95  
֣Ҫ
΢΢ɫ䣬ı⣬Ҳֻ˵Ķ棬Ҳ⿴ݰɱľģ
վڱǵϣȴ룬ڱ볤ǵĽˣƸע˼ŬѪ
һһľǿϣ֮ҪйޣӦҲ޷ɡ
ַɱ죬볤ǵĽ˼ƻ᳹ѣ첻
ǣȴסһˣȻַϵ۽ѾرգֵٶȻѸޱȣֻ˵ԣȴ޷ǵ䡣
һۣƵɷѿĵ˼ƻҪʧˣһ£Ϊ̸еʹ˱ǣ˵ʲôҲűǺĳˡ
ǲ˵ַɱ죬˵Ǳɱ죬ȫͬĸ
ǹ˺һᣬûҽۣǿ˲˼һĻ
ǵ⣬һɵļǰϴ壬ؿϵķ¼˸ϡã¶ë
ĿɿڴַղŻеϳ˻Ҫ죬ַеϳˣһ˻еϳ˵ĳЩ㡣
ǵ⣬Ϊʲô뿪ַĿ֮󣬻ǰһһ·أûпܵġ
һıҲܷҲ޼᲻ݣȴ⣬Ϊʲô·һڿпɷ裬ҿôãǼ·ȴûֺ
Ҳ˵ַҪɱ죬ͬһֻһףǵֻҪڳһ㣬ͿԽ쳦ö
ַ㰵̾Ϣܹ֮һУҪԭڲͬ뿪ʹ֮ڲȻʹߵ־˲ſԳ˲˼Ч
ʱżڲַڵõ֮󣬲ûжеѪǰ͸
˵ַ㣬ַܹ֮ȻҲǵõĬ
ͨҲ˽⵽ַ⣬׵ıַٿء
仰˵뾣Уֻܱǵһıԡ
Ҫַٿ󣬳ˣ˲пٴζ
棬ַ㣬ڱϷ𣿡
Ȼķ±飬ȴûܵһˣóһۣǾַ㲻ɱ
ŻԼֻҪԼסַͶԼ޿κΣѵĲѶƵ
⸱ģ޲ǰŹһ٣СӾȻַ첻µزµǿǰˣƤӣǻˡ
֣Ǳǵս񣬲ҪһʶôĶʧǵݡ
첪ȻɫȻ˵ǷԼΧ˵ȴǴַ˵˵ǰĽͻȻƹëؿڣһ·УоһһȵҺͷĶȻǵеˡ

췢һ̶ļΪĶԾʹ̣ΪӿһԵľ֮顣
пܳΪڳһƶ˵ˣڣȴַеһֻ䣬һ£⸱٣λõ˳ҵδƶˡ
ҽֻһ쵱ĻʱͻΪҳЦĶ
ҵĺлм־ַ̫ˣȻһֻ䡣
򳤳һûһֻ䣬ȷ˵˾ֻǽԼסֻһֻ䣬ȴסһ˾Ҳ˵Լ²
ѵصַУʵ죬
ʲôеԼһֻ䣬Լĵַײ֮ѧĴˣַֻŭĿӣȴû˵
㲻˵Ҿ͵ǲ
Ҳǵ˾
˾ֻǽҲɱ㣬ȴûֹŪ㣬㲻ұĶ䣬ȫ
ʱŵëȻԼĶӶԼ񲻳һ˲˹Ĺˣֻ±ɱԼҪֲ
ԥ֮ʣĶһԽӿڵֹЩϴʴȲ㶯֣Ҿϴֻֻ֣Ҳһ
˵ˣֻֻֻš
Ķҡҡͷ˵ûֻ֮⣬м仹һȣҲһˣʡĴŮˡ
˺ôЦģҲǰĴ㡣
ᣬԼϵľһȺħѽһͷ˵ַˣҷˡ
ΧսʿһЩʿٷ׷׼˴˿ڣΪַΪˡ
ַЦסԺ㻹аŮ飬㵽ǣҲȥɱ㡭
첻˵Ĭ
ȴ룬ֻҪַȥǵĻԼɱַеˣеŮˣҲΪֻһ
ǰԼֻѪģĶ䣬ƼʱĻ˵ֻ仹ܽӻȻǰĶЩţΪԼԺڱһֻ컹ǰֻ뿪Ķ
Ķ˵λĳĳֻ䣬Ҫϵ¾Ƴ𣿡
˱Ц
ȻĶЦȴʲôҲû˵ֻž뿪
ڿҪַʱŶݺݵһĭ˵ַ㣬Ҫڳ㡭
ַңңҺܿͻȥģʱ㻹Ž̲ĵĻҾͲǵһֻôˡ
һεڵأôԼַôԶˣԼ˵أ

ַĬһᣬ²£ȴȷȷʵʵĵ˳ңʵһǿԼ볤ҷͻĻֻԼĿǰ޷Ӧ
Լںʱ֮飬ﵽԿڶϵ۽ĵز볤һս
ԼĿǰûͻǧ㣬Ҫںʱ֮飬޷
˵ڿвڵõż֮󣬿ʵǿԼȥڿвܽǸԼһֻѹҩ˵ǰܽʱ֮顣
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ǡ
ִ磬ǰڻֹȼģʱһһһеСѾͷֻȥֹıҴݺңҲŻ
ַ룬һӡԭԼڻֹ־µŮǰƼݣֲ̿ģȣŮһЩ߹֮
ҲøƯлˣڵģǰ˺ܴ仯ʹַû
Ů·ʵغܺãڵĴӦûܲ
ϰࣿ
š
Ůһ˵¿Ƴˣ
ĿƳ
ַһ벻ǰڻֹоµŮȻҪһĿƳ
ŮС˵ʶһ£ҽ࣬ڿвһƳ𣬴Ļս˭ʶͲöҽˡ


96  вŮ
ִ磬𣿡
ţҪвҿһҩԲвǶֱӹĲţò˾ûа취һȣֻаһˡ
ѽܰһæʲô飬ҵİ칫˵ɡ
תǲõ΢ЦһֽĿ˵Ҫִȥһ£
һ㱻õ΢Цˣò˵ŮЦɱӳģһ˷Žȥʱ˹
¿ƳҲ֪ڿвĹ涨Ǽ˾ûоȨҲܽвҿ
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㲻ӦҾͶԱ˵ҪңҲ֪вһ߼Աʲôֵ֪ĻҵĻأ
ӳʱĵ㳤ôƯܷһξͺˣҲֵԼðһա
룬ϾֻһͨݶӶӳֻǿвһλĿйǸɣԼͻĻֻԼ˾ҲԼ
ŮҲ˷Ļ˵һ㲻ںԼĻԼֻͻᱻǹˡ
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¶һνģҡҡͷ˳ĳµذڶϲ̵˵Ҳ£ǰҿˣҾȥʱҾˡ
ڵĴ֪ĴֻµôõĴǻǲ㿪ĺá
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̻˾֮װ׵ģɲҪ룬˵ݲؽҲûⷽȺá
ڻ˭ĽأֻԼ۾ģȫǵ˶˵ǵսַˣȣܱŮƣÿԼı֮ҿǿۣŲͽȥɡ
ַε̾һȻȷ̻װףǳڳǿߵŮǾϲԼȵˣǸеԼͶԵʹñЩŮǶԼ࿴
̻ЩƯŮΧԼߣҪ˵лѣϾŮӣ˵Ļٻһ㡣
ֻЩǱ˵ԼĻҪĶ࣬ĩдþˣȻ֪ڵ˵һĴײ
ַһ򲻰ѱ˶ԼĿȴһЩԼη壬üǧָ治ɫԲЩлϣ᲻̻˵һЩӰأ
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ַĬ˵ִ磬㿪ЦģҸղ˵ʲôǧҪҡ
㵹û˵ʲôֻ룬Ҿȥ̻˾ȷһЩԺ̻Ǽźá
ִ磬治ǹװҿ˾ǲûΪȥл治ȥˣвŻĺأҲŮˣȻŮ˵뷨
ַԳЦЦ˵ðɣҳҲ˽Ůˡ
˵仰֮俪ʼ˳Ρ
˵ִ磬вһкҪɣ
֪ܶսʿϵ۽𣿡
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̫ˣҩҵǿΪ߾ϵ۽ıǿСҲڽⷽʵ飬߳ɹʵҩҲҪɹˣҸʵҪˣȸҩ
ַ΢΢һһıûƳںϻѱصҩɣѵԼŮʹȥֹȳԼ壬ʹƾԼŬ˾ĿвӶıһӦиֱ仯Ǻǻ
Ѿϵ۽ҪжںϣҲ֪ǵҩҹܲãȴʵõС󡣡
Ҳ㡣
Ŵһɫװ׳زͦΣźɫ˿࣬һģַ࣬ע⵽ʵҲǸƯŮ
Լһֱҩͼ飬һֱûע⵽ǰŮԭϸ͸ĩǰаĸ˼ΪĿ
˿ѽƷѽһȱټȵΣȷ˺ۡ
ΪʲôԸң
ڻֹȣıҵʱҾ룬һ죬Ҳ԰һǾͺˣ֮Ĺϵƽˡ
⻰֣֮䱾ƽȵġ
ຬЦϸ¶ְҵŮԲе΢ЦʵĻ°û˵ǾƽԺҾͿԹ׷ˣȴûа⻰˵Ҳ˵ǶԵģԸǷ÷
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ȷҪӽʱ䣬ҹҺܿҪ뿪ˡ
ַԼն飬ֻʹ˰ݣԼ鷳Ҳҡ
˵ڳ뱱һϴ£ôвƣ˵ǲϴԼ³çΪ뱱ǵ˱޷̸ס
Ϊ볤ǽˣ˵Լ뿪ʱǣΪȻԼ¶ƣҲ죬ȻΪԼ˽£ʹ֮С
ķĻĹ˵ֻԱչǵľ޴ʧ
ַȥıӰҧݣĿһ˿ᶨģ˵ִ磬Űɣһ죬ҪһǿΪһԱӻ˵ĲʱҲʸһ𲢼վʱҲӵ׷Ȩ


97  Ů
ҲֻһִַоԼиڰжԼͼҳǸ˵ʱǸȴɵıܵһߣȻǸ˲ԸԼͷ
ַЦЦӿ˽ŲǸûϵַĽŲͻȻ٣ǸϽԲַ㣬һṦ۵
ţȴͻȻסˣΪǸٵѾվǰвĿ⡣
Ŀ⣬͵˳˼
ʲôˣΪʲôң
ַоǸ˲ûж⣬ҪȻ˵ЩϻֱӽɱˣȻҵ˸סһˣΪʲôںԼ
ִˣҡҲ޶⣬ǼСǵʹߴҪ㡣
˵ϣ֮ǵʹҪ˴Ϣ˲ŸԼ
ַȴ˵߰ɡ
ҧ촽̬ЩŤַǸɫ죬ϸ۲֮£Ƿ˶µĶŻȻ
ԭҵǸŮֲģЩĹ˷֡
Ȼαװ˵زԶͨزҪһЩ˾زҲûʲô׳زϸЩϱ
Ůװַ֮ſԽһУŮŮװĴĺܲ
ŮַһۣѹסеĽţŵ˵ַˣлս֮ƣȻη壬㻹һδޣŵֶ׷㣬ڵ˳ǣڱΪ볤ǽˣ˵ߵˣǵ˾㲻Ұô˵δޣֺóǡ
һ£ûδޣֻҵѣ˸ҶκβĻӵĺǣҲҪҳǧУҲǻ
ַ⻰˵նûаأŮһָоֻҪ˸ҶŮа㲻ĻַԸĺǵ׷ɱЩˡ
Ҳǵ˾𣿡
κ˶⡣
Ů̾һһ˿ΪߵŮ飬Ҳô˵ǣȴӮŮϲϾÿŮϲΪǶһеˡ
ǵʹߴȴ˵ִĻս֮УִǸԭԼǿˣΪ˸˶Թս֮С
ߵһҲûа취
ִˣȻǲ㣬Ĳܣ˶ɨӭģαؿⲻܻӭıء
ַŮ⣬ԭԼںԼ˵ҪԼ
ԭңĸϣ֮ǵģ
ݡ
ַ˵ͷԭŮԺϣ֮ǣһĺݳǵľ߼ԱȷһŮŮƷȫϣ֮УݳǵŮǿ˸һĿڱ
ݽĩڣȴصϣ֮ǣϾеĹҪԶԶ½ϵĹ޸ӿֲǴһǿ󺣹ֳû
һĺϣ֮ǣȴǸ½عħֵĹ֮£Ǳһ½ϣ֮ǸƵģ˵ݳ˾һλƯŮҲڳ֮ʱԾ
ĩڣ½ع޵ռ䱻ѹ֮䣬Ϊ޵ԴҲΪ׳Լ໥֮ɱʱ֮ɱҪҵĶࡣ
ںݳǱƣַҲЩӡ󣬺񹥴ݳǵϣ֮ǣһǸĳ֮ǵ֧֮£չ˶ԺݳǵĽ
ĩкڣǿϣ֮Ǽ沢Сϣ֮ǵһ̣ĩڣľڵϣ֮Ǵﵽ˼ٸĩڣĵϣ֮ȴ˲㼸ʮ
˵δٷ֮ʮϣ֮ǣڹ֮ĶʧҴϣ֮ʱȴüΪǿַ㻹ǵĩڵı볤ǣ˿ڶﵽİ֮࣬Ϊľڵϣ֮ǡ
ַ㲢ȥݣҲŶƽΪ볤ϣĻԼ
Ļɾ޴ĴһܱӻԼĳ٣ǲõµӵġ
̻ǱȨĽԼ˽һδĻԼһɶƶԸԼġ
ߣԼҲһ׶Ըˣ֮ǿҲԼˣѵƲԼӳ֮󣬶չİɱ
Ͼǹ׶㰵ѷԼ֣ҪɱҲһ£ںݳλŮǿߣһ档
ĩУһŮҪȥֻҪһ˻ҪѵĶ࣬ݳǵλ欣ȴƾԼĴǣĩڱ㽨һԼϣ֮ǣ˵ǸŮˣǸ汾µˡ
ڵԼûɽͷڵ̻Ҳֻһ˲עĽĬĬŵĻԼ׼ڽ貵Ĺâַ㲢ųλŮԼ档
߰ɣȥǵʹߴˡ
ŮϲĴӦˡ
ֻǴӦһȥˣǴӦһȥݡ
ַ˼ǵԺһıġ
ַû˵ΪԼһԱ˵ˣǰŮװŮжϣֻԺожʧ
ַŮһµıУŮعͷ˵ַˣһ£ȥ¥ͨһˡ
ַ˵ͷŮߺΧſĴתһ£õĺŮԻ
ݳǵλԼŮˣҲŮԼӷĲÿסݳʹһλƷλŮˣǲ֪ʹƯƯ
ַ漴ֳЦԼе뷨˼λŮƯƯԼʲô£Լ˳ˣԼҲմȾĶåϰŮȿ˼ҵĳΣĺòá
Լ뷨ôҲѹԼ߻
һ΢ĽŲһȹŽѾ¶СȣƮƮŮӶ¥ƿСţߵ˴Уͷ·ĩǰģ̨è
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Ůϼ̻ĳ죬崿ģġ
һŮѽŮַ㶼òȷĺƯ
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ַöȥĻĸһΪöʵ̫Ůˣſκ˵ģԼ崿ףɽȪ
ŮȥĻƾöǸ󼶱Ӱǣַ㽫ѩ˼飬ʱЩϤ
һ𣬺ѩǺݳľָӹ٣λľ𣬹ֲôƯԭһԶŮǿߡ
һǸ̾ںϺһϣ֮ǣ֮Իṥݳǣ˵λйأҲ£˵ǳĴҵ˴ѺѩɫŹĶǸвϣ֮ǹݡ
Ĵҵ˼пǸвϣ֮ǰԼǾǹƺݳ֮󣬺ݳŮȫ鳤ǣھƸǸвϣ֮ǽ֡
ΪѩƯ˺ݳǵ֣֮ںݳƵʱ򣬺ѩԾӦûкܶʧɡ
ѩĿǰ֪ƯݳǴôѣַ֮ƶϣҲǳһԾƵ˽⣬֪Ĵ棬һȺ̰ƺɫɡ
ԹųŮЩȨʳǵ£ȻҪЩŮעˡ
뱱ǧһ·Ϲ޶ţë֮ıǣҺΪʲôð˴ķ˱ֹ֮ݣ⾿Ϊʲô
ַĻҲ޵ѩˮǧɽǣȻΪ뱱жĽġ
װ磬ͨ˶ʹĶУΪԼݣΪʲôԼȴ˵Ůװأ


98  Ūɧ
ѩζЦЦ˵ǲΪżżŪЩ󣬾ҪǵĶ˾ĻѱأֻҲʨӴ󿪿ڣṵ̂ǣһССĺݳǣôôǮǻӻġ
Ŀż޹أֻΪ˿һĿеӢ۲ģ뿴һǸħɽɱԳ֣ڱǲηǿȨ˾һôһˡ
ַ㲻òܻ˵˵գʲôˣҲĴ֮£֪Լϻ˼䣬Ǻᱻգеһǹ±ƭҲϧ
ʲôӢۣ˾һŮȴڼ̵ʱ䣬ںݽһϣ֮ǣ˵Ӣۣ˾ӦñһӢ۶ְɣ
ѩ¶֮ɫСԼòΪţǶôˣԼ֮£ҲɵñվӻΪһС
ַȴûбɫԵȴĿûԼ¶һԼ⻬СԼϿһۡ
ַ㲻ɽģ˺ѩ𾴣ƷӲ˱˾ذɣַƷҲпڽԱġ
Ӣ˵ЦˣҼܶˣЩΪ˵õŮǵĴ࣬˵伫ЩѪ꣬Ϊ˽ӽǵŮˣݳӢ۾ķ磬Ӣɫǰܹ治ɫˣһǵһҿǵ֮Ӣۡ
ַеԼλľĶǵŮദȣʵ̫ƯԼκһɫŮǶԼıǮջˡ
Ȼѩ·㼫¶Ҳ㲻ϺϽַ㲻ùȥŮǰ׻Ҳ֮Уϵսļޡ
Ǻѩ΢Ц֮ʱǳջز΢΢κ˶Ҫѹ£̽һ֯ȹڶ˵
ľɫջһˣҲжԷԾʧǣҪԻһ˵Ļ붨ɮ÷䡣
ַ㲻ʥˣҲͨ˵ںѩĻЦ֮УҲжԼһЩˣȴ֪ԼǰŮ˷κ¡
磬ŮԼ˯Ҳ˯ˣΪ磬е뷨ܵǾǸԼС
ѩľɫŮԼһĳйϵͻᱻƻŮҡ
һ£ѩ໥۵ĵסԼһƬ̣ǸжôļѣԼŮˣбϣ֮ȥݳǣԼԹ
ѩŮҪǿǲܵģ磬ĸԸСŮˣĬĬŵĴһǿ˱
ѩǸߵŮǲһĬĬŵŮģںѩŮǿˣַ㼫ΪϲԼƯͨɹ·ϵһֶΡ
ַȴϲȵഺԼðվ񣬵ֲ뱻ۣˣиԼǺѩֹԼǿŮǿˡ
ַ㲻ǲҪ飬ȴϲڰв̫Ķ
ѩģַͻȻһԴĿ˵˾˱ǣǴͷ¶棬ȴǰǲɫҵأ
Ҷһ˵ʱǴģеӢۣȻûа㵱ˣΪɫĻҲ޻˵
ַҲòϺѩ⻰˵ĺܵ壬ʹ˷Ź
ַŸղŵĳ˵ڽһټϣ֮ǵŮôһ򵥵ŮأȻ¶˵ĻֻΪ뻶ֹеŮǲûʲô
ַ仰ѩͻȻᣬַиеܲܣ֪ԼĻ˺һǿŮ
ȴǲòô˵ȥȷԼǲǻܼղŵ侲ϾһˣɲΪԼղֹϵһͻŮַ֮ѶԺ󲻹ܲˡ
ѩˮŪµĲױ·ùһë̺סԼȶˣȻϡ
ղԱ¶·ȣϹһë̺֮󣬷͹Գǻģʹһջ̬ȻַĶѡ
ѩ˵Ŀȴû˸ղ
˼ҸղŴл᲻Ʋأ
ûУĩÿ˶Լ淽ֻЩ߰ɡ
ĩ֮У˶沨ѩĿĲ£Լ׳ݳǣϾȫĸϣ֮УݳֻһСĴڣҪԼòЩʵۺϣ֮ľ޴Ƹ
ֻԼǰչʾԼԼӺŮĳ嶯ҲҲôҲȶѣûʲôƵƲġ
漴ת⣬ѩʧŮǿ˱ɫַָȻ⣬ȴΣķ
ҲҲϲˣϣȴ볤ǽˣǻǺϣõǵĸʽеϳ˵ļġ
ϣӱǵõıѱҩƿԲϲˣϲĴҿƳľ棬Ⲣ볤ǵĺΡ
ַҡҡͷ˵һҵģİҵĻô̻˾ôԱľ񽻴ұϾǱĹԸңǶ𱨣᳹ʧȥĵģҲ֪ĩУҪάǿͳΣһҪ㹻棬ڶҪ취õײӵ
λŮ˾Ƶ̫ˣ¶óȡ볤ǽ˵ĻĽŮ˾Լϵһ򾡵ģºֻҪϢ˵̻ڳĹϮ֮²ʱЩײľǣж˻Ѿѳְֻعأ
ַͷѩĻ˵ĺеҲԸԼֻҪһ⣬ͿԽԼԼйص˳ʧϾƲǱǵס
Ȼ㲻һˣھ޴ǰ볤ǵѹǸߣҲ˵ֶβֻҪԼĿǹģκֶҲǹġ
վڶƵĽǶϣֻҪԼԻ볤ǵĽˣ˵ԼȻ糤Ҫ᲻أ
ַ㵭˵ħɽΪͷԳֻԱв˲ųħɽɵΪᱻɲȶ˲˶Ƶķԣԥɱ˵ע⣬ҸĶ䣬ҾһˣһҪԸҵĻǾֱɣַȴԴУκҪԸҵˣҶҪصĴۡ
ʵϣַӦΣߣЩ㷢ѵˣĸ˸ͷԣҲֻǺҵİɣסһ£ڲȥ۵ʲôʱҺݳǵĴţΪ㳨ġ
ַӿһ˿жտʼʱԺѩû̫ĺøУȴ벻ԼҪ볤ðŵﱱ볤ǵΣգִҪԼ
ԼղҲǿˣѩĿҪڽ뿪ǣѵ治Ϊż
˾Ҫ뿪𣿡
Ҿ㻹ǺҺѩȻһЩǵģҾҪ뿪ˣΪִ֡ģΪҾãδĲһ˲ţʶļֵĻΪ볤ǵĽҲֵá
ԭѩôķ

ַԶȥıѩĿ˺þãղŮװŮ˹ʵѩ㣬ǻغ𣿡
ԺȥǺݵģǺݳҲ̫Ҫǿ֧߳žˡ
ѩ˵ôǿ𣿡
Ҽ֪лҪǿҪȻҲᴩ˵ģЩ֪ܵŮһǰŪɧˡ
װŮһ˲ٴɫ˾ɽ⸱ģ·һ˺ܶ¡
þúþãѩż˵ַѵõ˲ţϣͷҪͿΪ볤ǽһ޹ؽҪԼַ˲ţҸҶԣֻҪʧȥַ㣬ǱԺ㳹ʧȥڻľ˵ϣ


99  ı
˾˵ʲô
ıӰ֮ɫ˵Ķ漫Ϊۣʱ޲Ҹӡ
ǶƺҲ˵Ǹүү㹷ƨǵĶȴǳǵʹǱ
Ҳ֪Ƶ⻰ǲĶԣ𶫷Ƶ룬΢΢̾һ
Ҫס룬ҲҪѧЭѽԼǶģʵʵĲУȴҲٲְ½ס
ҲһˣΪδŴְģԼϲνס
ԼĵĲµĻüë΢΢һ˵滹˵ʲôȻǼ˫˵ĻͱɱַԱʾǵĳ⣬ַ˭Ǳǵսʿսʿеһ治ս죬ʱ򶼲Ტۣħɽһսȫ˵ѵһһѹԻٳǵ𣿡
˶ƵĻųһܵĶƶסѹַѡ
˵ַѣһֵܣȴ𾴵ĳߣΪ֮ܶĵʦ˷ͻĻ֪ԼӦվһߡ
ҺҲûгľ棬ҪȻԼ޷񣬱Ҳս֮С
̻ŵĵɲǳصģ񱱾ǵżҪԸַĻǱǱ̻췴
˾ôܶԣ㲻Ǻ볤ǽܾ飬һ˵黹ô̸
ʲôô̸Ǹ棬ǲԾƳԷƣҽһ٣˵˫ǻݵ飬ǲԸˣǾ͹СӻˣһǳԶҲ´ǽ˵ʹǸ治
벻ջ
ƺͻȻʲô˵ǸΪϣ̻˾ܴǱǣȥǩ˫ʽļ
Ҳǳ˹ȥҲǲɡԣ˾һַϵУҲǲ֪ǲ˾⣬Աûַ㣿
㲻õģ̻ȥǵĻַһģҲǰȥģʱһȻ޻ɳˡ
ǸеЩ⣬üͷ˵ַȥ˳ǣΪ˱ж֮᲻ıַ̻أǿɲǵĵ̣˵ַ̻ᷢ⣬̻ǾһַҾһ治ģڳǳĻǱǵĴʹˡ
ģȻȴҲ˲أַ̻㵽ȥǣǵ˹ȻҶһëĻǱǶսʱǱǱȫƽǵĳǣ˵ǾȨڳǵ˾ڱǾǸʹ˳ǣ滹ʲôΪأ
˵ͷֻƼ˵ַ̻Ĺϵʹǵȥɣţ̻ߺȽżĿȨҲַ̻εˣӦҲᷴԡ
žıӰһѪƵĶƾȻᡣ
˵ַ㣬̻Ҫң볤ǵʵ̫Ҫˣ಻òǣˣǱǵĺöŮԺɱйޣʤˣ˶סǽġ
ҿԴӦǣй֮һɱ죬ֻһڣȴǡ
ԶȥıӰַ֪ģһ֮·

̻ʹǣ
ղžӦ˵ĺˡ
ܸоεĳʹܲ򵥣ǳģҿһйء
̻ͦͦأչһ±ľװѹЩεزһۣһЦ˵ɹ˰ɣֵ֮ܳĽģǱ볤ǽ˵Ҫʱ̣˾Եø£˵˾ûнȥô֪ıأ˵ˣǸҶԱʹĻȫôϣ֮ҲǴǵоģǸʹ飬ѵͲȫϰٸϣ֮ǵǴ𣿡
ַ˺ѩĻ볤ڸĻԼһȫˣҲҵܺõĽδ£ˣ˻ˣϮˡ
ȻˣԼ̻ˣϣ֮ǵɣҲΪԼɵ˶ȥ׷࣬ʱԼˣҲԩˡ
Ȼ˾ûȥôһ使Ļ䣬Ⱥ֮ôܲ⣬ȥǣȻҲƨƨߵĸȥˣô˵ȥأ
ַѻ˵ôЦﻹģ̻Цȥ
ðֱ˵ַ㣬ҷԽԽЦˣǲĶǸ޴ˣѧǻˣ
ַ㺹յòĶǻѧУʱѧġ
ǰɣÿ춼һһģ˾ӣԭĩǰôһޣȻ
̶ַ̻֮ʣһСԴӵ˳еҪȥһʤأǱ˦ңҲҪһȥ
ַ㺹յôӵˣ֣
ղ̻֮ǰұѾˣҪǲǺʵȻϣһžʹϷҵı㣬˻˵һȴôһûйŵģʼ
ʼĳòûҹɣ
ṩԼҵġ
ַ㲻ĺ֣Ǽ̻һǸıǲȥĻ˿ʵ˵ˣҲǺ۸ģ֪ɽлƫɽУεĳ֮Уһȥ
ңǲȥҾͶ˵ΣֲҪ顭
̻һ˵Сӣѧˣҿ㣬Һ˵˵ĻҲ˺졣
ַصԼס֮󣬰Լ뷨һ˵Ķ֣ʤȻʲõҪһȥַȴԸһȥðգϾγһУ׼δ
ˣҲûԣֻ˿޳һˣˮǽַˣͬһȥǡ
粻ˣĶȥˣ֣ʤȥˣҲȥˣͰˣȻίҪַΪʾԼĹƽֻд硣
ıӺԼĻڱҲȫһϡ
ڻţַ˱ǣǾˣԼ˽̫Լ붫ַˣҲӦӰ첻ǡ
һַ֮һˣ̻µǧŮһ̤ȥǵĵ·
Ȼַ֪ǰ·գȴû˶˵˾Ů֪顣
Ķ򲻶ڷӪŮǰܺ󣬲ϵռЩСˣʹһ٣ЩŮǿĶģһЦֹʦţһ·ϵҲЦﲻϡ
ڱ볤ǵĵ·ͨһ·ϣҲûϴģĹ޹ɢıޣֱӱǵʳ
һµԶУ֧˳£ȴǵģ֪һ۵·
Ѳĳǣ


100  ̵ĸ
ǿ¥ǱĹʹҲɣ
ǧ۶ȻصĻ̣Ǳǲŷչ˼꣬ȻᲢۡ
һȺСŮߴߴ˵ͣĵ׳ĳ¥
¥һôˣѯ˵ݣǰ˱ǵİݷš
سǵľ٣ľֻųȻԶԶ̻ȣΣ֮䶼ǲˡ
̻Ŀ֮Уȴûһ㹧ı飬෴۾зһЩм
ֻƾһС¾ͿԿεȷûַ̻Щ˰ʲôģײľ٣ҲһͷССųŻʹŵǰԵֺһٻƵģ
ȥɡ
û֮ųһӣ˴˳š
̻Ķ볤ǳǵʱųһĿ˵ѽöѽ׻ģôгһӣһȥ湻ģֻµĻֹеСǼҲûȺǵ˶ɡ
ȺŮǴźɫȹ¶˰ȣκ˵ȷַۣ㶼һ㣬۹ۣЩʿ˽￴Ҳˡ
ƫƫԵЦδⲻϾһ磬ϾЩֻԴһԿǽлͣѹסԼɫģװһ̾Ϣ͵ģǾͻ͡
ĿЩֱϸĴȥ񫣬Ҳֻ˵Щʱ˵˵Ǳˣåˡ
ųĻȺŮǸ߲ѡ
ǳǣǳէһҲǸŭԡ
ߵųǰǸһŮĶĴ۾ݺݵųһۣӵ˵ޣ
ųС˵ޣ
СӣȻҸүүô˵䵽үү
ûѻ˵꣬ϵͻȻΪһ⣬ӳУŽɻأ䵽ϡ
ء
ųֻڿк趯˰죬ȴû˵һ仰
һ죬Ǵ³һ⣬ԭųУͷֱӸˡ
Ůͷ벻һδСŮ໹ô崿ɰȴôݣַ¶͵ı
ƱۣƱǵԽǲ⣬ԼһԽӦԡ
ԺˣôʴȣֱɱҲˡ
ַΪս񣬱ĲģֽѵһСɫδʧݣȻܻԹɫ쵽ԼȥˣųԿ佱
ַ㲻Լ¶͵ı飬߰ͷһĵ⡣
Ķһ˵˵磬Сǲڿ˰ɣǲ࣬ղ˵ǵʱΪʲôָͷأ㿴˼ãССͱ˰ѧŵѽǡ
С˵ǵĸֽ̹鷳
˵㲻㻹ǲƾµ鷳ѵϴ󻹴ûϴ˵Ժֱ仰𣬲Ҫ˵ϴ󣬾ҳͷҲܰƽС£ԼǷԼҽڣ
ʲôųֻһͷһĻҵȻҲҸ
Сһ򲻷Ķųը˷ΣȻ˵ĶСĻȴһֱ©˶
Щ˸ͷ㣬һ˵ǸҲᱻοַ㻹µɱˣˡ
ء
ųȻ˰죬µʿ˼
Ǽʿ׷üǹ׼̻ķţ̻µļǧŮһҲǽݹˣŵʿǹ׼ԼǷ׷װγǹЩŵʿ
ӪнӽǧˣЩŵʿˣǲûռˣŵŮǸΧˡ
ŵһųŭȵʲôǳǣǱǣ췴ɣ
ַǰе˵ΪǵʹűǵϣǳƣǹָǣǲӭЩˣȻ볤ǵ̸оûбҪˣ߰ɡ
ųǼַĶ֣仰㱻ַ㽩˵ȻǶʹŲģȴӦöʹű𾴡
䱱ǴǵģһõϽˣҪʰ֧ʹŵĻҲиԷڵĽڲܶǶ֣ղҲų˵ʧȣһֻͷһϽһ˵˵ųҲʲô
֧ʹŻûнǣ͵ͷرĻЩ˾סʹŵˣº󳤰˵ǰһ²Ŷʱˡ
λʹˣϽֻͨʿûðǵ˼˾Խ˻ڳǽȥأҿǻǵ˾˵ɣ
ųַ̻˵ûͲһǹˡ
ܺԼ졣
̻˵һ䣬һĵͷǡ
ŵʿ֪ʹżǣи¶ֵıҲûһ޼ʣ׻ˡ
źƺƵǵĶ飬ǵһۣԷɵƣҪԸ֧ʹţҲǾĴҵ飬һССųҲˣñ˸˹ͷ
ͷûͷȻܷʩˣԼԺ񲻳ŵų𣬿ȻúűʹţԼȴøлǣΪΪԼĽɨϰ
˳ǣӴǵֻһССٽʦ˵볤ǶԵȵϣ֮ǣǴ볤ǩԼҲҪɳϽľӴǰɣ
ǵ˾ԽҲӭǣǳǵĸ߹ȴһ¶棬Ĵҵ˸Ѱټ
Ҫ˵Ķ֣ʤ˸оǵЩ죬ײͨŮеǵĿţԺӭǵģԲʲô¡
ս޲ʤַߣҲôš
ٽЩŮһʱľӪַָ̻˾ͽ˸סҴȥû˵顣
Ȼٽûбֳʲô̬ȼ䵭ַ㵹ûоʲôףһʱ䣬Լڳ̹ˡ
Ȼˣ˽вԼ̹ԼҲб̹
ַҲ֪Ĵ֮Уÿ嶼ҪάԼ棬ȻԼ˳ңⲢҾͻԼΪѣ˵ڴԼҵأ
Էʱַ̻ϵе˶һԲǰͲͣĶ֣ʤ磬̻µļ죬ȻһЩ֮ԭͺյҲԵڡ
ַͻȻʵǵڶ۵ôˣ
ĶȷԵһǧٵˣϴ󣿡
֣ʤ˵һǧٵ㡣
ַ˵ͷԼڲǧ֣ʤֻͨ࣬ȴڵĳɾͣҲ㼫Ϊˡ
Թ޵һ˵ЧԽԽڵǿߣ󲿷ȴʼǿԼ
־ЩС˵ڹչ޵֮ͬڷһ࣬һҲһٵ㵽ٵϿԸϽĽŲ
УȻ̻ǿ̻ǧַ㲻£ﵽǧٵ㣬УǿĴڡ
ǿҲֻдӹ޵ȡһߣڵľˣ󲿷ֶڳݸϣ֮
񳤰װĳУ򲢲࣬Ǹӵǻеϳ͵Զսϵͳá
ַһˣȻ࣬ǿԿϵ۽ĳսʿȴռ˺ܴıǳɳΧǣҪȻҪԸЩҲס
ԼϾǴ볤̸˵ģɳΧԼӾĴ֮䱾ѾΪصķ磬޷ײԹ
Ͼѱ󶯵ӣǾͨʿսʿ޷ܵ顣
ˣַģԼ볤ҵ˶һ


101  Ϯ
κ֣ǵַѾ˳ڳԷѽô
λү֮⣬ĴеĵˣҼۣҵ־㣬ԼκҵĴ󵱼κһá
δַ̻ӵʹţҪϵԺƵķչԳǵպҲԶӰ죬Ĵҵ˵ȻҪشˡ
ҵүҪɱַ㣬Ѿȷ̬ˣκȴûó
ȻڳУҵ󣬵ҲжԿҵʵ
κ˼һ˵ĴҵˣˣȻĩˣȴı䲻˼ıԣȻΨͼ˵ɱַ㲢ܸǴ棬෴ƻǵļȵ棬˵ַ˻ǿƼˣ˵ƴƣһҪ
κ׺ųҵң˵ĻҲòǡ
Ҽ־㵭˵ַڱǸܼӵĶ䣬ڱǴǳǣַôϴһĶ⣬ǶԹ۵ĻҲδغÿ
κ׽ӿڵ˵Ҫģ淢ͻĻԺԲơ
һֱûпڵͻȻ˵ΪˣǿеĵȻ棬νӣҿλүӵϺͿˣΪǸҷϣȻ˵ĴϽƽϣ˵ַ㲻˲ɵĻ˵ǻݵ顭
۶һټ˵ǳʹõĻеϳһЩȻ󣬵̫󣬶ҹּΪӣʺϴģʹãͨӱǵõֿĻѱصĻԴǳǵʵֻбסǲĹ޴ƣǸſԵõϡ
ѽѽûбҪΪɱһˣõ档
ִҪɱַĻҵ⣬Ǵܾ˺ˡ
ƴͬھȻˣɾվһ棬ַֻ㻹޷в˾ԽǼˣ԰ʾһϣܹˣ⣬ôܹƫС
۽ӿڵԽȻҵֶӣнȨƣȴ벻ҵ֧֣˵ҲֻһȽԶͬѣҶӰҲޣΪ˿ⳡĺϷҵбҪôһҵ
ۣ־㣬κףļչһ˵Ļ̸ʹַٵľ治ǰӡ
Ȼˣҵ˸֮죬ΪַΪַҵ棬ǻԥĵתǹͷԸַ㣬˵ֻĩҲ⡣

зҩˮַԼ뿪ǵĵ죬쿪һԽҰƵ׷ԼһĻжʱ˼ǧ
ԼڻֹȣְһѣԼԴӼ֮ǷʳΪԼֿԽʹҩ
ԼѾԼˣԼ뿪˱ǺüСʱ֮ȴų׷Լ͸Ƴҩ
ֻһԱսսʿ·ϲǿĹޣҲ·ϣΪ˰ԼȴûκԥԼǷˣǸźɫװһŮ˵ģַӿһ˿ж
볤ǵһַ̣֪ԼٵľҪԶԼлҪصĶ࣬ԼѾ˳Ǻüˣȴûκθ߼Ա¶棬û̸˵顣
ƾЩ˿ַ֪һ¶ҪЩˣ˾ŶǲŲʡ
ǼǶʹŶֵĻǾҰ̫ϾĿǰϣ֮֮һԳǵǿҲ뱱ǿӲӲ
ѵѾĬ˳ǵ˶ԸԼվڶƵϣκζԼȫǵָΪ塣
ֳҵԼûЩˡ
ԼԴΪԼֻعģǵĸײŽΧѵ˵ĳԼ
ԼѾﵽǧ㣬ʱ֮ںϵĻɹĻӦûǻеģټΪԼֿԽʹþҩԼɹں϶γĻỹǺܴɡ
Ѿҹʱֻ֣ҪԼֵ賿ӵпεϵ۽ˣַ㽫ܶ׼Լĸ첲ҩע˽ȥʱ֮ģԼʶʱ֮ŻĹͨ
տʼʱʱ֮޷ӦԼһӣʱ֮˳ַģַڵһ
޴ַӣ·Ҫַ壬ȻҩҲڻķã޴ʹȻϮ
ַݰ촽ҧѣüͷ˴͡
ԭҪӵȾҪҪΪеǿߣҪܱͨ˸Ŀʹ
˵ַʱ򣬶˵ս޲ʤɱħɽԳͬһֻϣ˵Ľ࣬ͬһ򵥣˭֪󸶳Ŭأ
һǽͨˣȻӵű˶ʮĩ䣬һʼվ۷壬ҲǸ˾޴Ѫ޴ŬеĽֻ֪ԼߵǶôĲס
ֻǿĻԻͣѾܵھʱҫȴû˿õѪۡ
ҲܶӢﲻԸԼӢ۵ԭɣΪӢ۾ζҪȱ˸Ŭܱסͷϵҫ
ַֻ֪ҪԼȥʱֻ֧ʹŵ˶Ҫ³̻ôŮĴҵˣһЩ̰ƺɫ޳֮ͽƽҲϣַһǹϷ̻ߵŮٶȴһҲ
ԼΪʹЩŮˣԼҲҪĸǿˮ͸ַװȻѾɫ԰ףȻȫעʹ࿹ͬʱԼȥʤǰ
¡
һ촫Ƿݵ뼸ŮĲҽһͬʱ洫Ļнˮǽײ
ַ㰵вãȻûпôһ£Ҳ˸˾Ųʮ
һǿĻеϳԼײǽڣӲҶϱɱ˹
ַ΢΢һȴжһĵľʹϮĿǰ״̬£ƶ嶼Ҫ˵ȥսˡ
ϴеϳͻȻ˹Ӫ˼ʮá
Ķ֣ʤеϳ˱ȳڱǵĻеϳ˻ҪֲǱ֪Լ㿪ϵ۽ҲɱеǱַܵȱ
ַǿͷ˵ͨŮ˿죬ϵ۽˹ȥסеϳˣڶˣֻҪϹСʱұܳȥɱǡ
ַɫ԰ף֣ʤȻԣȻͷ˵ģôˣϰСʱûģȥˡ
Ķ֣ʤһĿյϣеϳ˻ӶֱۣС¥ȫ٣˵еϳֳ˴Ķǵľ͸óˣǹ˺ð죬ȴûһʿеϳ˾㲻ǾģҲõ˾Ĭݡ
̻˶Ѿ棬ǽѹļʮѪģŮǵж¶ǿҵޱ
֣ʤ˵סͷһʱ䣬ַҪһܳ
ɵʵϸڻ𣿡
֣ʤ˵ͷ˲˵ȻЩܶϵ۽սȴҪַԶˣΣյʱ˲Żַ㡣
ַΣյʱûȻǱҪסˣһֻпԼˣ̻Ҳ֪ӪŮǵļǹ뵶˲ָޣЩŮǲɢֻ˿Կϵ۽ĳսʿе˶š
Ķ֣ʤͬʱϵ۽еϳȥ
Ķϵ۽ǧ㣬֣ʤﵽ˰ǧ㣬Ƿֱͷеϳ˶һ
еϳ˵һңеĹеϳ˱Ķڵأ֣ʤȻûܣҲǿ֧š
ĶȻܣڿϵ۽֮ҲôױɱģۼвͷޣĴӡ
׶ߵĻеϳˣĶҪС˺ܶ࣬¥ķ֮ȥȴҲû̫ܵ˺
еϳ׷˰죬һʱ֮κβĶĶ̻ȥȸɵŮ˵
뿪ϵ۽̻ȴ˵һȣҿĶ֧һᣬΪʱ䣬ǻǵȵ㿪ϵ۽ĺá
Ķеϳ˲Լͬϼһʯͷеϳ˵Դϣƿڴ
Ȼеϳ˵ߣԸȴΪöղŵʯͷȻ˲ȴŭĶƣ̻Ķ׷ȥ
ۼеϳ˹Ķվ֮һ˵ǵһѵһ𣬽ͽ֪ӵ


102 
еϳ˲˵ͨĶ沿飬ȴ׶Էеڷһŭ֮ѸĶ
ۼеϳ˹ĶҲǸղǸںصӢģһתŤͷܡ
ĶͷβģһЦıȥ
ĶкúÿǰСѾͷЦʲôЦһеޣֻ±ܵĻ졣
Ķͷеϳˣһܣһ׷ⳡ׷սҲеĺܼҡ
һߵ֣ʤûѧĶĴܣȻĴҪȫһЩ֣ʤ˼裬ֻеϳ˲ͣӲӲ
ھ˼ӵĿս֣֮ʤĺóȻǿֿ֣ʤԸսҲˡ
ǰĶţٶͻȻԭϵ۽Ѿرˡ
Ķٶһ˲䣬еϳѾԽĶ壬ǰ
Ķп࣬װһνģеϳ˽ʵĴ˵֣Ȼģһܲ㣬Ӯˣڿˡ
еϳ˵ߣȻ֪Լεʹɱ࣬һͶԷӪŮչ˷ɱ
һ£ĿԽԽԽǵ׷ɱĶȴһĴȸȴˡ
ȻˣĶĸ߶ֻܴﵽĴȸ˲ȥԷĽ״
еϳһ£ɳȥԸޣǰදֻǵһΣĶ״ı£ĴԳ˶ݵĻң֪Լһɱ˻ǷŹ
ĶʧǵģƻһЦͻȻסеϳ˵ĴȣԶԶ˳ȥ
ȻĶϵ۽ѾرգһǧٵҪ߰˰ٽĻеϳӳȥҲһѵ顣
еϳ˵ԴŵأΧ˸飬Լϵˡ
վʱȴĶˣĶˣ̻Ҳˡ
ԭղŵ𶯣ʹеϳ˵ⲿӰĶɼˣŹԷ˹ȥȻ̧ţĶԺݺһ
µˮ涼˰УĶ֪еϳ˵⣬ԷԼ岻Զҧгݵߵ棬ʱһͷˮ֪ôһ¡
еϳ˺ܿ׼ԼͷϵĶ̬׽ϵͳĶſɺ޵ǰһȥ
Ķ˶ɵˣҲеϳ˵Ķ̫죬Ӧ
ۼĶҪеϳ˵Ľ±̤һ࣬ԶͻȻϵ۽ٱеϳ˵ߣ̧СȣŻеϳ֧֧СȺݺһš

ӵһĻеϳ˵ĴֱӱСߵı˹Σ̤Ķֻȶʱƫ˷ĶԴĵطݺݹˮ֮С
Ķ״ֱ˹ȥ
һü˵װһȥһչ˲㡣
ѾȥĶͻȻ˵ҵݼôãⶼûƭ㣿
еϳֻߵñεСȿٵĸԭȻǼá
߸𣬶䵽еϳ˵ļͷϵǱһѶ̽еϳ˵ľݺݽȥ
ıֻе˵Ĳһӣγ̽һ˲䣬еϳ˵ľȴٵϣȴûַǰԸеʹ嵹ȥ
üͷΪԼļɲ֪ǣͷеϳ˵ľļӺٸԭ
ֻ֮еϳ˵ľṹΪӦȻԴƻеϳ˾ķȴ޷ȫնϻеϳ˾Ӵָ񾭡
ڱᴩ֮ĸԭҲַǰɵͷеϳ˵޸ٶȿ˺ܶࡣ
´ʱַʹҲδؿԽеϳˣҪ˵սԶԶַˡ
Լһ޹һ˻еϳ˵Դϣվ˻еϳ˵ļͷϣһſ˵˸ʵ
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ַҧӿԼʱ֮ںٶȣĵʱ֮飬ҲۿԿĵٶѸٱС


103 ͷ
еϳһƵ󻺻̧Լ߰˰ٽĽȣ׼ؿڣһ£ѽµṲ̊ࡣ
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ʿҲǱɱҪȻ뿪֮ʿƱػй¶ȥ

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еͷʹǣƫƫŮΪݵַֻƥ֮µˣԼ߹Ĵӵܡ
ȻСûмַ棬ȴȴλַܵ㣬Լеİӡ
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ʲôַˣǿһѽ
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˵ַ˼ֲѵǿҲ
ϢļƯСŮ΢΢һĿи¶Ϊһ˿ĵĿ⡣


104 ַ
С˵˵ǵүڱǵϷŮַһֻ䣬˲Ŷַ㻳ģĻǵıԷַǸʲôˣжٷһʱȥԸϣѵһصĴӢۣô׾𣿡
˷׷׵ͷַĩڵʱ´ħɽɱһͷﵽǧľԳ֣ַЯеϳˡ
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ҵ˶սԵϼҲû̫ĺøУȻǱֵܵģȴͲҵ˶ۣϣַ֣֮ԽԽǿ
и뿴ַҴĲҾ棬ȴͻȻַѾˣЩĪӿһ˿ʧ֮顣
һ˵ַ֣ǳĻеϳ˶ɱôأ˭ɱ
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ױ˼ԼһЫΪʲôƯŮȴԼ
ȻղŮΪ˵ܶûַȴǸŮֻǾĶԶԷ˵ͷ


105 ǲܵ
ַ㾼ĿУ͸޵ǿСˣ˫գǷ·͸˵ƻһ㽿Ρ
ڼԼĿǸŴٹΰˣԼ˵˻Լ˵ͷ
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ǰ˵˶ħɽоԳ֣ɽ̨ΪǸأԭǸԹһȣʲô˵ç򡭡
ѽһˣҲսңԲ
һŮ˵ִ磬֪ͣġ
ַ㿴Сһۣһ˿Įһ˿ᡣ
Ĵҵ˷׷׵ûиַĴҵĵˣĴȴ֦ͬ޼Ļ飬ʵˣǼҵĹϵȴΪ
ҵ۹⿴СС˵˵˵ֲ˵ĻվҵϣȻϣַɱ졣
ʱҵſǱȨĻ֮У˵ڲڶһ
ĻҵᱻҲԴõıԽԽǿҸ̲ˡ
ȴҪάĴ޼ıСĻһڣʱҵǿɫ죬һ߽ˬһߴȻĳС˵˵ԼαĿ¶š
Ҳ˲ñԼαӷȣ޺޵ĿСһۣС۾ԶԶ۾ĶĿ
ϧСѾַղŵ΢ЦЦͷ˷ܵҪϵΪַͺȲʣ죬ֱˡ
찵ҧַ㣬ʰˮСѾͷһ˵
еսʿγַΧ˹ȥַ㲻˵ֱӿϵ۽
˲һ㾪°ѾʣַӦѾһϵ۽ˣʱΪʲôܿڶεϵ۽أ
Ҳ΢΢һһЩʿҲоԱǣֿԿϵ۽ĳǵóһۣǾֳֻܿһΣκҲ⡣
ڶʮСʱ֮ڣǿпڶεϵ۽ĻַʵûԿڶϵ۽ƫƫˡ
ܣܣ㿪ڶεϵ۽ģܡ
ץģַСļеĸˡ
ҵˣǵҲ¶οıֵսпͷ𣬲漴Լ鲻ԣֹһͬ죬Ϊ
ܻ˵Կڶϵ۽һ㣬еսʿκһ˶㳵սҲ㡭Ƕһϣ˺Ƭ


106 ն
벻ַ㻹ĵƣȻԿϵ۽˲ĵľǿߣܿϵ۽Ҳһ
еսʿκһ˵ַ٣ַ㿪˵ڶεϵ۽һҵſǵжԤ⡣
ҵˣƽʱһģʵЩĸҲȻַܹڶεϵ۽һǵϣǻǶַһԿ͹۵ۡ
Ǿ֮ڣǿеսʿƽɫ֮ȻһòӣͻеսʿΧС
һǿˣϾҲԿһš
ŻƽеսʿַһսǱгһŤĿռ䣬ŤĿռڣһѾͱ¶˳ڻеϳ˵ֻ׸ߣַûбҪ任ʮ׳
ССȻ׵ĳȣԶһĵҪһַ࣬߸Ծ𣬽׵ĳС
ַеıַ̫ѱ𣬴һߵʱģԵüΪ硣
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ϧûпַ㱧ʮ׳ıսĳ棬ҪȻл졣
ַճһ˵ַ㣬ŪһѱȻͻװҲһ
Ҳ뷨ַһѷıеսʿҲȫŤתƣеսʿΧ֮£ʹԼܶһѡ
ַЦһһ磬еһеսʿ󳤽ɨһеսʿ俪ʼð̣л֡
漴еսʿϰһͷΪء
˶ŵԱʾжµ𾪣һԴвܵˡ
һһķһǧĻеսʿַһնΪأһǿ˺ܶལͰѳ޵еĴ֮һĻеսʿնΪΣ֮˭
Ĵҵſǣ˭û뵽ǿĻеսʿַһ֮£㻯Ϊ˷棬εʱǶû뵽ϻ׵ĻٵһǿĻеϳˡ
ǻûлعʱַеı⣬غһеսʿǵ׷жϣǵϱڵ֮󣬻Ϊһѷ棬Щеսʿ࣬Ҳ޴ĳ˸顣

һƨ˵ϣڵĴŴ·𿴵˼顣
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ûüܣַĴѾ̤ؿڣǰź⣬ͼΪı׼ıǼ⡣
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ҼȻѾϴˣȻҲ飬ҪȻҵڣ˶Ϊַ
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˵ҽɱģɱ֮ҵ˻ôԺ飬ҲĿǰÿǵˣɡ
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һԼ·ǵʱҵˣͷΧ벻һԼ档
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ԭүӣүӵϣҿһֻҪТЩȥŮ룬ұ
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ΪĿû˿ϷŹַʹţЩŮѾòˡ
ڽΪЩŮТ漰ҵϣϣΪò
ַҲòֻĬĬעΪ
Ӱ⣬˾໥עţ·һͣүӲŵ˵ҵܣʹߣȻ㲻ԭɱɡ
˶еӫڣүӵŭ
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ߴӫеΪӰͻȻʧֻʣµӫѩһĿĹâ
Դӣַ֮İڱڣȷѪҲͷصһ̣ʽˡ


107 ʶ
ַЦһԼѾ̵̫ãһԼҲ沨衣
ɱ˾ɱˣ˾͵ˣʲôһȫɵС˼
һַ̣ټĳǶҪ˵ӫλүˣҸҶԸԼԼͬеʹţԼҪأǿ̹ĵĴۡ
ַĴЦУĴҵ˾ĬַЦдǿҵɱ֮⣬Щ˲ж䣬ַͻȻˡ
ʱ֮ڣƽˡ
ַ㿴ͷ­һۣȻ벻˼飬·ַĸɱԼС۾ҲǺŬĵɵ󣬴Ĵ۾Ե˼
۾ɵıǰκʱ򶼴ʵĿ
ͷˣǵͷҲԿʼˣ˵Ͳøˣټ
ַ㻰˶·һЦЦ
֪쿪ͷ磬յõֻͷĻ׼Ҳᱻ

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˵벻ַɱ졣
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κҲ˵ѽ̫ˣһҵλүҲķ˻𡣡
ۼ˵ҵ˼ǿַҵ˶һȴû뵽ַ㲻ԣһ־͸ϾɱͷӵӶ
־ͷ˵˵ΪάĴҵ棬ַҲǷɱɡ
һ·ϣңңκҵļѾĬַΪǵ̵ߣ£ĴбҪǰķ磬ַ㡣

˾˾ϵĳƶԽû֮⣬κĴҵļѾһá
ڳĸ˲ǳףԽһʩ˰ˣֻҪĴһµͷ飬ԽԸⲻԸ⣬ִС
Ĵҵſ鲼Ӫÿһ䣬ǸǿųвƸڳǣûĴҵ⣬Խ˵ǹ˾һ뿪ĴңʲôҲˡ
ΪЩ˻ƣĿǰһ˵ַַҪߵ˶ҪĿġ
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Ĵ֮У֮⣬ҵǿˣǾ˾ҲҵˣȻԽ۵ѪԵϵѪŨˮ
ҲǶԽҲеӰ־κףһΪ۵ͷհ˵仰֮Ҳ˳˼֮С
Ϊ߶˼˵ԸַۣǳϵֲĴڣҳǾûܹκεɳеսʿϵ۽óǰѾ޽֮ǵĻеսʿҲκβ
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Ϊͷ˵һҲֻвõڶ취ˣǾǶǵֻҪеһʹűữΪҽַҲĲ
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Ϊôһ˵־κ׵ɫҲѿصҪԶڻеϳ֮ϣ
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ڵõ׿ϵ£ƾκҵˣַֻԣҲ̫á
һʱ֮䣬Ĵҵ̸˽֡
ΪǿӲ̧ͷ˵㼸λ͵ܲͬ⣬ҲҪʹڶʱ֮ڣɱַΨһ취
㲻Ը࡭
һǿӲΪ¶һ˿ŭɫ뿴˭ҹȻӡ
һװϽεĽֱ߽ҡ
۶Щ⣬ΪˣȻҹϵܵĳ˾Խ
Ϊɫ΢һ㣬ȻĴųǵʵȨԽϾǳϵĹ˵ĻΪҲòǣʱ̣ȻҸԽɫ
˾㻹ͬҵļƻΪʲôᷴԴ£
Ϊ˱仯ݳŵϢ죬һɴͳ泱·˵ɳ泱ﵽֻ֮࣬ҪǱпܻɳ泱֮С
Խһټ˵ʱǻбҪΪ˸˵ĶԹﶷߣձʶڹ޵ΧǰֻҪ࣬ҪŽһ˽˶ԹͬԸޡ
νʶҲǼ֮ǰȫļٸϣ֮ǵĴƼʱǩһԼǾڹǰһжԹͬԸֵĹޡ
ĳ⣬Զһ֧ͳ泱ٵĿΪľˣԽȻŽˣ˳泱вǽﶷ


108 泱
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ţ
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ַ֮Ҳһ־ϲģֲַҧгŭַ㣬Լǰȥμⳡֵս
̻˹ɫЩĵ˵ȻȴǳڶδӰˣɱ죬սҵΧǣֻЩǧˣֵסǵĽ
Ǳǵʹǽ֪Ϊ˲ܱϣ֮ǵָ𣬾ǾҵѹǵģֻҪǲĹǣǾһʱ
ַ㻹ǵãһĳǣһּʹĩĳǣһֱȾȫϣ֮ǰš
ҵܴӾĻԼ¿ϵ۽ֻ¶Ӧ
Ȼ˶ɱˣҲûʲôֵ̾Ϣģַ㲢ûж̻˵𳤰вһּ֧ľš
̻漴ȥмӳУһһԼʱ֧ʹŵ׼˴
˵ڶ죬̻ɳȥ̽ϢŮǻ֮϶¶ã֮ɫ
̻֮󣬲֪ĿǰǶڻսҼԱȫǵľӣ֪ǲǡ
Ӧ鷳ңҲûַʹŵ鷳δЩһǿӲ硣
Ķ֪֮Щŵ˵ˣˣ²ˣҪȫǵԸˣγˡ
֣ʤ˵Сӵޣ˿ϰսʿԼҲʮɣΪʮΪǧ˶ȫȫľ𣿡
̻һ˵Ͻ˵ǽ˴ģıսִɱûйϵأ
κʱ򶼲ҪСƾӵҪþӽǵĻ֮Уٶܹϵ۽ĳսʿҲֵסĹֻҪɳһͿԽ⼸ǧȫ𣬲˵ĴԱӦòרǲŲȡж
ַһּƽĿ˵Ȼǣգһ͵ĳ泱Ҫٳǣ㳤ȫԸҪסҲһ׵飬ʱ̣Ȼûڶ
ַĻȻ󣬵ȴһըףİûл泱ĿǰֲıȺ֮һ
ĩڣ泱ҲһЩϣ֮־جΣȻЩµĳӣ岻жǿ󣬵ȴԵԼˮкһĹԻ͵ϣ֮ǡ
һַ㣬ۼ͵ϣ֮ǣڳ泱Ĺ֮£̼һƬ棬泱󣬼ʮʬ޴档
ĩһһ·ĳ泱ĩǰֲһγ泱
ʵַ̫࣬һĳ泱Ϯģĵһĳǵȷ泱
ַ˵泱вϳҵвĸֱӣϾǳĵһ壬ʽ棬Ҳ˽ھеӵܣʹţҲɶʹشв
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⼸ǧʿһĳ泱סƬ֮Ϊһصİ׹ǡ
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ĶһȻ˵У۶ô˼飬Լϴδ֪ĲµԼţϴҪ͡
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̻ͷ˵ҵ˵ղһϽҪǣ˵ĻղŵĻıϣǾǳĳ泱ܿﵽǣϣһ¹泱顣
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ĶȻ䳰ȷĳ˵ԤϣҲһܵʱˣһܵʱ䣬˺ǵĴڣЩǼ߹ԱҲǸһ죬ΪǰӪصһٽõǵڻˣһϽǣЩ˸еʤҡ
ϽεЦЦ˵λҵЩ£Ȼ˵һ㣬Ҳ̫ڳ˽ΣѣλΪֵܳеѣһҲӦõġ
Ǻ񻹲Ѱɣ˾ȥǵ˾Խ˵ֻʹţսӣ˲μսĳӳ嵽ĻЩҲӱܣʱǵԸǲս
ַĻ˾ͷ˵ִ˵Ļһ˾
ϽĿľΪ˰ַˣϣǲҪڳ泱ٵʱӡ
˵ĿҲĽЩսַ㻰Ȼͷַ˱ʾ˸л
ʣ죬ǵոӽţд͵ļڱ˽˳̶ֱڳͷһģ
ϽȥĵҹܳǽͻȻϵǹ
ڳַѾӪˣԿǧżһ䣬ƵĹˮ׳ۻ档
ڿиٵķ裬ͬһſ貵ǻڵҹյͬ硣
ͬʱʿɱ޵˻ͬʱĩսʿ泱ģǰһսڴˡ


109 ٳ
ȥͷǲҪܡ
ַȥǰ߿һ£ĿĵȻǰسǣ뿴֧泱жôĿֲ
һĳǣһ㱻ɳ泱Ƴǳء
һܶ¶ϸ΢ı仯ܲס˵Ѿĩһˣ޵֮ǿѾԶԶ
ħɽһսǱжʮʿħɽϣʱĩ£ͷǿԳ֣Ҳǧҡ
Ѿĩһһ£ֻ³ĹУѾĹˣڱ˵ǵһˮ롣
ĹޣԾԼ츳Щ޵츳Щ޵츳Ǳܡ
֮󣬹Ļ棬ͼڶڻͨʿֻҪһ㣬ǻᱻյʣ
׶ĹޣǿԽʱһǧᣬ˰Ļеϳˣ㲻츳Ĺ޻뺮ܵϮ
ַһȥҲΪ˲֧̽޴жôǿͷĻԼԾҸ϶ӪŮɱΧӻر
Ųɵ볤빲أûǣҶԷԼʱ򣬾һĬİס
Ҳȥ
ϸģң
ϴʱ̣Ҳ뿪ҡ
̻˼һ£ַ㲻ϣЩ˸һȥðգǻ˵ӣ㻹ҪһӪأ˲ȥãĶ֣ʤ˿ֽ̹һȥʲô¶һҪֽ̹ٵָӡ
ַ̻֪㼫ΪϧӣŽӪУҪԼӪҲǿˡ
Ķ֣ʤˣǶǾǿߣǸַ㣬ΣյĻַҲи֡
ַ˵ͷԼֲȥսôȥҲûʲôҪҲ˼̻ܽĺ⡣
ַ㲻ԣ¶˸ӿɰı飬ͷЦ㣬ָ磬á
Ķһ֣Īĩǰһǰ㣬ֺ˵ͬ־ǣһġ
ӪŮһЦһŮЦ⸱˥񡭡̫ǡ
ëɣҸղŵĶ䡭
䣬ȷеؽҵλ䡭
ĶͻȻ棬ЩŮЦԼԼսʱԵĸ̫
ͻȻһ仰ϲ˵ŮǾ˵˾󣬼˾ͼ޻̫ǡ˼ǲҪأ
һȥ
ʱɫѾ΢ַˣҵţңңȥǵصĹ޸һͷ
ھαֻУЩѾģЩӸͷԼһͷСԲԲģЩưļ׿ǳ档
ǳŰֻצƶҶٶȼ죬̹˵ƶٶȡ
Ȼڼڵ֮£ƬƬļ׿ǹֱըը飬Ȼĳӷ׷׳ͷ˹
ڼڵļ泱һƬб˼ʯӣӰ첻˴֡
˿ֲǣһЩףʮףʮ׸ߵĹҲ֧׿ǹִ֮ǰ˵ǲȺӵһ֣ҲǸġ
ȻָߴĹޣޱ޼ʵļ׿ǹִȣΪ٣ǵȴΪֲ
߰ǧĹ޸ǱȱȽǣҲų㣬ܵĹޡ
ڼĿը֮£Ƶļ׿ǹһЩС͹޷׷ױըʬ޴棬ȴиļ׿ǹ֣̤ǰͬʬ壬ӿ򳤰ǡ
Сʱʱ䣬£׿ǹֵʬѻ˼׸ߣЩ׿ǹ֣Ѹǰ׿ǹֵʬ壬΢΢һ˳ͷϡ
ȺʿüǹһЩǿʿŵϳͷļ׿ǹչⲫ
ȻЩļ׿ǹ֣ǵֻٵ㣬Щʿļǹ뷢ϼٷܽ׿ǹֵԴϡãǸȥ
ʿеĵԶԶżеᲢۣһȥּ׿ǹϣһƣɱǣǾ͸ˡ
ѪսУʿ׷˼׿ǹֵķצ£ڳϳͷļ׿ǹֲ࣬ڶʿЭ֮£ڽһɳϳͷļ׿ǹȫɱ⡣
Щ߰ǧ㣬;޴Ĺǣֻڳŭȴû빥ǣһ㣬ַҲ֪
Щһǻ۵ĹޣǲԼȷ棬ȵЩǻۼ͵ļ׿Ƴ֮ںˡ
ʿ׷ע⵽ַĵһ¶ϲɫ
Ǹ˾лս֮Ƶַ㡭
벻´ħɽĴӢҲæʤϣˡ
´ħɽʲôǰλԶսˣǽĻеսʿǸԴʱεȵĲһ
Ҳ˵ˣ˵ҼҲԿִ˵ˣִ붼û룬ֱӰԴҵȻȴûٸλսˡ
ЩŴңҲ۸۸Щͨʿб£ǻǳͷڹꡭ
ȻЩ˵Ļ˵ַܵͣ㻹ȴɫ
Ϊַ㣬ѧ費ҲãҲգƽĴ֮
֣ʤЩʿĻҲһޱģһСַ㡣
Ķ¶ϲɫԼϴôߣҲей⡣
ַ죬ԼȻѡ˷
ִˣˣ
ǰȥӪϽ˹
Ȼַܵ͵ʿϢָӹ٣˾Ȼַ֪жôϹַ
ַ㵭˵Ҳսģֻѡ
ַһ仰㽽ǻ飬еҲҲַΪʲôô˵ǰҵ˻ıַԼʹеˡ
УǰһʵĽɫڳǰΣȻַָʱǰӣǹͬǡ
ЩĻ˵ִ˵˼ִ˿ͺá
ַǿҵĸӢ磬ȫϣ֮ʿеżַʲôҲֻҪҲܼĹͨʿʿʹʿɱС
ߵļҲַĻǵ϶ʱ¶˱ĵı顣
ԭֵַģĳ泱Ѫս߱ЩĵĳӸԵôôѪˣ
໡
໡
£ͷ;޴Ĺ޿򳤰ͷƶȻЩ͹޵ôãѾʧȥġ
¶ɫЩޣСĹޣ߰ǧ㣬ֻҪһͷϳͷмǧʿΪ
תͷҺЩ͹ޡ
ܼĹϵЩҪϳͷĴ͹ޣЧȴ
һЩȻ;޴󣬵ƶٶȼ죬Щ޵ʼǿżȻУҲ̫˺
תۼ䣬һͷѾԾ˳ͷͷ쳤Хһצ£ʿĳࡣ
ڳͷռ̫СЩ޴ļڸҶųͷ䣬ʱͷʱһš
ҲǸΣ壬ϵָӼǿսʿǰΧڣŴ۾Ĺޡ
Ƭ֮䣬мʮսʿ޵צĳ࣬һɫ˵ôǿ϶زסˣǻǳһɣ
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ģַ㰵ԵͷǸѪжı⣬ת˵֣
һеΪһ⣬ֱӴӹ޵ü룬ִĺըǧĹ޵ͻȻ˵ʹ˱
Ȼûпϵ۽£ֻǧٵ㣬޼᲻ݵ󣬻ǽͷһɱ
Ǽսʿκβ˵ĹޣСŮһС

ƯСŮ˭ôô
ַһġ
ʲôսߵһСŮôս˳ֵĻǳ񲻱˱صĹʬɽˡ
ʱ͹ַȴססٴγ֡
ղĵһѾķ⼸ͷ޵ȻȸղͷҪǿܶ࣬ϵ۽ҪȻ޷ӳɱЩ;޴Ĺޡ
ûϵַɲԼ˵ǹʹսŸոտʼŲܹίΣȴЩ޶ӦˣһԼûʹ
ַ㵭ʵѵ˴ʱ㻹ҪԼʵ𣿡


110 ޾ս
ͷǿıٳɣǴӻͳһֻĶеһťһ¡
̼䣬еսʿһ֪Ľﱼ˳һеսʿѸٳ֣һȭһͷ޵Դϣͷ޵Դ˸ϡá
еսʿͣ¶һ˿΢ЦеսʿǾЭ̣ŷɵĳͬع޵ġ
˵еսʿƾ֣򲻵ѣᶯĵơ
ͷ߰ǧǿ޹ͨʿ赲סֻõźţǼеսʿϣܹŤתս֡
һͷ޸ոϳͷ㱻һеսʿһץסԴ󽫹޵Դֱ˼ӲʯУѹ˸ϡá
ͷոմϳͷǿޣƬ֮䣬㱻⼸еսʿıͷһͷޣֱӱһеսʿ߸߾𣬽Ӽʮ׸ߵĳǽֱȥ
ͷˤڵϣض΢΢Ĺޡ
ͷ֮󣬻ûļʱ򣬱㱻ϹĹ޴ֱ̤ࡣ
ͷϱʿǵ󻶺ÿʿ϶Ժı飬Уֻеϳˣǳﵱ֮ĳػ
Ȼʵʩƻʱ򣬺ܶרҼƻΪһˣ£˰޵Ĺַ˵
ڻеսʿľ޴ǰר͡
ĩʵΪ𣬾ǳָսʿػǲڹްΧĴ˻ľڵǿϣ֮֮һ
໡
һͷֱǼеսʿȥеʿͬĿ⿴ͷޣ·һ̣ͻᱻĻеսʿŰ
ѵ𣬸ղǼͷ޲
ַȴеͷģţȴţ˺üĹϣɢһּΪֲϢ
ַ㰵вãͷ޵ֻѾͻ㡣
ȻǼеսʿǿ٣Ǳ޵һͻһ㣬Ծܡ
ܵĹޣϷĻ׶ʴﵽĴڶֵסҪ˵ֻһǧĻеսʿˡ
һеսʿһӻеֱеһֻ׳ľͳֱͷޱȥ㽫ͷһ
໣
ŭһһ죬һˮЩˮѸٰΧӭĻеսʿͻȻĺγһֱӽеսʿһ캮С
ԶԶȥ͸ĺУղֻеսʿƶӰѾӲĺȫסͷ·һס˵ķ羰
Ŀɿڴַֻ˵ͷͷ޾ȻѵǺܣڱУֻҪһ㣬ԾѸʽܡ
кܣܣͷĺԶסﵽǿڣ˽еսʿסҲַϡ
ַڿϵ۽֮ϵҲһңڿϵ۽ֱ֮ĺеĻҲᱻֱӶ߱һ߱
໡
ֱӳʣµļеսʿȥȻֻеսʿͣȴҲ֪ͷ޼ǣǷ׷׶ܡ
Уһеսʿ˺֮Уһ͵ˮʯ
ҧأһеս˵ǣΪǵˣЩƴˡ
ʳ֮һļǹĹѾ䲻͸ֱ޵ıƤǧƵʿֻгʱЯĽһеͷޣͼͬھ
ͷ޷ŭ˴С͵ı׶һֻֻȭͷСı׶׷Χʿǡ
Ӳı׶ֱӹᴩЩʿ壬׶ЯĺҲڶЩʿֽ֮ǵֱӶһ߾εı
תۼ䣬ǧʿ𱻶סַ֪Щʿٱס֮ǰѾı׶䴩࣬Լ⿪ϵıҲȲǵ
һͷ͹һ죬޴Ļ棬ֱû˼ʮʿʧ֮󣬵ֻʣһصң΢Ĵ֮£ʧӰ١
¶˼ȷŭıǱˣɰŮˣЩ޵ʳ
Լȥͷ޵ĻʱԲκεԥ
Ҫǰƴʱֱַӽһߣ˵Ļ͸Ҷ㵽һȥ
漴ַ㿪ϵ۽ȻǰﳤǣǱˣгǧͨͥ
Ȼĩڣֲܹάߣʹúܶͥĩı죬ǱƵĻˣӣŮǶһ⡣
һ޽ǵĻԼ̻ķӪҪڳ泱޵Χ֮ȫˣҲǲܵģ˾ΪԼַҲҪǴЩޡ
гһСƬŤʱ˲֪ôһµʱַѾƬУӹһıͷĹޱȥ
ַܵϿֲͷҲһ˿Σգһ磬ı׶׷ַ㡣
˿ַȴͬһˮгε㣬ı׶߼۶ȴûһű׶ַ塣
޾ֵ˻ַٶ֮֮⣬޷ַľλã֪Լһַ嵽ǰҪȻʱͻΣա
ۡ
޵ĶӸ߸߹𣬶ҵƵı׶ڱ׶̶ܼ̫ߣʹַζܣҲͬʱᱻټʮöϰöı׶С
ַһֽҪȻܹܼı׶ȺĹͷޱвǻۣڷ˱ַı׶֮󣬷Ц֮ʱеĹŹ
Ȼսʿ֪Ǹ壬ȴ֪ʱͷһΪ⡣
Ķʿ٣ж¶һ˿ɫ
ղʴﵽһǧĻеսʿı׶ȫ˱ַڿϵ۽֮ҲЩеսʿڲ֮䡣
ȻٶҪЩеսʿһ㣬ȴҪȻеϳҪһЩ´ʱǻеսʿˮкһı׶Ҳһܲˣֻɸղеսʿıģ
ϴСġ
ָ硭
ս͡
Ȼ˶ַȲ޲ðԼϵȫŲַȥЩ׶Ҳ֪ǲܵġ
ַҪܱ׶ѶȣڱУϵ㣬ԼϿԲմһѶȡ
ţһ˵ٶٿ죬ҲܱжЩ㣬ʹյһζ䲻Լϡ
ַ΢΢̧е룬еı״Щɹı׶飬ԶԶ˳ȥ
ȻЩ׶ûһַϣӱϴĺ⣬ǽַ΢΢
ַ㲻ǿϵ۽ĻӵǧʣҲᱻϴǺһ߱
Ȼʱûбס촽ȴѾΪ巢ɫͷϣüëϣǹһ˪
޸ղŻԴĳХͻȻ˾ֵĹֽУַѾ˵ǰַ廹ûбɱʹͷ޸оԼܵ˾޴в
ò˵ͷ޵ĵоǺеģΪַıѾľ߸߾𣬲׼
ȻͷˣӴȴ˾˵˵ġ
ۡ
ͷ޵Դֱӱ޾Ѫˮ·ˮˮͷһֱѪˮ֮ԶһЩʿѪˮ
ͷ޾ˡ
ϴ꣡
ַնɱͷ˺ܵĹֱ֮һͷĹޱȥ
ֻҪǰϵһȼʮͨʿֻٶȸϹȥɱͷޡ
ͷܵĹޣղҲĿַնɱͬһ̣ΪǼߵĺݺݳ鶯һ£ϸ¶˾ŵı顣
ͷ亮Ĺޣ޼Ȼַնͬ飬ȻҲնʱĶӵĻһᱻַ׷ϣַһһ
ԽԽַ㣬ͷֹͣ棬⵱Ȼַʴȣǿһι
ʱе඼ֹͣ˶Ŀ⼯ַϣĹ޴ҲͻȻ֮УһֲĴڡ
ʱ޴Ҳֹͣ˹ǣĿ䵽ַͷĹϣڴԼһܹȫʤ
ʱҲ·ֹͣתַͷޣսʿеĽ㣬սʿǹ޴עģ뿴˭ⳡսʤ
ַһͷޣͷ޵۾ҲɵôģĶҲ߸߹𣬲ƴǿ֮ľսҪʼˡ


111 
ۡ
һҫ۵Ļֱӽַ˽ȥ˴һ벻ַղſնɱͷ׶Ĺޣȴ޷ͷһ
ôս˾һˣ
ղͷ׶Ĺޣı׶࣬ٱ׶֮仹һ϶ģеǰѱҲԲ׶ʹ˳嵽ͷ޽ǰ
ͷһȴûһ϶һôսȻܣ޷еı棬˲ŻӢĩ·ѽ
λӢۣĩһֱ˷⣬벻ǿˣҲһ죿
˾ͻ䣬ΪǳǲģǳǷɴˡ
֪һֱıԷַ㣬ַȴΪ˾ǳǵ˵ɥһˣΪʲô˵Ĳôأ
ʿ۷׷ףΪַɣҲֵ˶ȴȻΪǳͷ
Ͻˣϧ˵ַ֣ӢۣΪʲô˴أ
ĶʵСã˵Щ˿ɥʲô
˭СãһûС㲻ɣƫҪ˵ʲôСá
ţá
ĶЩʿ˸еģΪмųı飬ĶԼϴ䣬ҲԼѡеδɷôɵľ͹ˡ
ǲŲЩʿһһɥģʹ˿Ǳ˵һǺĵǶֱӳЦЩװģʿ
һʿŭ˵ӢʬδΪӢ۵ѣЦôģĪĶ𣿡
Ǿǣս˵ǿˣоȻɥ˴ڡ
ĶЩʿĻϵıӲмǵ⸱ģǽвʿը˷Ρ
޼ַ㱻ΧųĳһĵɱɶļһˣϧԼͬ鱻ַˣҲãһԼʳĶˡ
ͻȻ䣬б˺һѷ죬һӢ˴ӻлֵ߳棬Ȼַ½Ƕûյ
ַ̤ʱ򣬻죬·еЩ䡣
һûͷ޵ĶӸըˣ㲻»Ͳ»ѣҫ㻹ܸһЩ
Ӣ߳ˣһͷ˿ûյ
֣ΪʲôŨҵĻ棬Ӣ۵·Ƕûеȼأ
Ҳ۾һ벻ַȻбٻİ취ֲòĻأԭЩ˲Լ֣Ҳһӱɵοַˣԭôһ¡
΢΢̣ϴ˵ĽԸȻַΪʲôԱܿ棬ȴַ֪ôģ飬Լٴβ¶˶ѡ
Ȼ֮Увٹ޿Կԣȴ޷˵ҪȻҲһвܣܣˡ
͸¶Ҳ˼ףԼֵֿĻ棬Ϊʲôղǰ̬ࡣ
ַЦЦҲûʲôֵģЯսǱбٻĹܣ˲ŲͷĻ棬Ҫַûбٻİ취һ̤УԴˮأ
Ҳ˵ַżжôڲͬǾżбˮ߱ٻĹܡ
Ȼˣˮ߱Ȼڻżֻһֱˮ߱ٻĹܣˮ֡
ַսǱԱ仯СЯȴżжһ޶Ĺܡ
һսַ㵱Ȼͷ۵ôһ£ͷַ˵֮ĸԸȥ
ˢ
ַһ£ͷ޵ԴĵַûѾȥĹޣǻͷĶ˵ͷ޵ȡ
ͷ޵˶һ㣬Ȼ࣬ߣַĶǿߣܽˣҲ߼ٸôõĶַȻ˱ˡ
ҵġ
ͬһèѸٱһذףͷ޵Դϣ±ȭͷС˴ӹ޵Դ˳ֵķİ档
ţôõĶַԼҪԼҲܸȻ޷ܽˣóȥǮݺңһǸ֣뵽Щ¶̰ı顣
ַһֱ˳£Ȼеʿַ³ǵľٶ˻޷ַҪȥʲôַȥѵȥ泱ɱһ
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ѵַǷˣ˶˵ַһδδ̫⣬ѾʹǵЩľˡ
ΪⳡսУַԹַۣûԹۣΪַ㲻ղˮкذı׶ȴȥˣΪַѾĹˣַٴγǰ
ˣǲԤʲôˣȴ뿴ַ㣬ܹڽĳ泱֮Уڳʲô󶯾
Ķ΢΢һԼϴִˣмĳ泱ıѽַʼձĿǰĹҲɱķ
ϵ۽һرգһͷĹޣԽֱɱôóȻȥǲ̫ˡ
ַ³Χļֻ׿ǹַ׷׳ַ˹
ַеտ֮ѪˮĽѱشټϱޱȣƬ֮䣬İֻ׿ǹֱ㱻Ľ߱ɨУѪ
ַһһʮʱڣͽ߰˰ֻ׿ǳնΪ࣬ͷϵʿ𾪵Ŀ⿴ųµһС
£ַֻһˣ·һѷļ⵶һ͵ˮīǰŨīزʵһʡ
ַһ£ڳͷɱޣ³ͷѾȥ˶ӵʱˣԼ֮ڣԼʹ
泱Уַһ⣬֮Ѫ£ֻҪһȥмʮֻ׿ǹֱɱַĿ겢ɱЩ׿ǳ棬ҪɱЩǿıޡ
Щ͹޵ȻǺܶ࣬ǵƻȴֲַҪģǾܵĻɱЩͱޣԼѹ
ַҪȥѰЩȴѣЩ޶һƣǾ;޴ڽĳ泱֮УǵҲ߳׿ǹֺö౶ҲʹеȺĸо
ַֻҪиߴӰӣֱ׷ȥ׷һͷޣЩ޾޴壬Ҳ·ַ㰵ʾ׷ѽ
һѪɢַһ߷¾ߵļ׿ǹ֣һ߳һͷ͵Ĺ׷ȥ
Զͷһò̫׼˵ѽǿˡ


112 Ӣ޵
תۼ䣬ַѾ׷һͷ͹ǰͷ޵Ҳﵽһ㣬ûü𣬱㱻ַ䣬նͷ­
սꡭ
Ӣ޵С
ȻַɱֻһͷޣĹޣһͷֻҪͷȥҲɺüǧʿ
ַһȥڽ˼ǧͨʿЩʿһŷĵĻ˼սһ֣ԺɨһйޣʱԼͲˡ
֮ǰʿԼӣɰĶŮľΪԼǲܻżԼӶŮˡ
ַ㣬ȴǻȥϣ
ַնɱһͷߴＸʮĹֱ֮ӳһͷȥ̶ʮĹַں嫵ĳ泱ɱһѪ·Ѹնɱһͷǿıޡ
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ȻԽ΢΢Цϵܣҳ㱱ѾѹϵˣҲףмҪ飬ұҪ̸


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ԭԵҲǻı˵ģҲڰַ̬˸ٵףע⵽Լɫ˱仯ȻܷĶã˲ǡ
ϣ̨ɫĻ׸ͬιЩõģģĿһӰڶϸʱȴʲôҲûп
˿ǵͬɫһģӰǰƮǶԱ˵ʱ򣬷ܱߵ˳Ц⣬ΪЩ˵۾ʲôҲûп
תһȦַ֮ĻֻصȵǸУȵС˻׵ʱŷԼ·ˮ͸ˡ
׿ģַǺܷˣΪʲô˻֮󣬱һͷֵҰأַһһ˿ϲá
棬ŵС˵С㣬ִ˵Ĳô
֮ԺܽţҲɵģȻַսû˻ỳɣϾûвףڵַ㣬ֻгΪʦǱⲢַͿ˳ĳΪһĻʦ
ַ㲻ܳΪһʦĻǳǱ޷չһļƻˡ
СԼ̵Դɬ˵õ󣬸ղִ׵ʱʹõļ١

һ漴һϲɫҪεǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ĿǰĻʦֻܲٿػ׵һƿػɫСǿʹö
С̫Ļκ˶ʺȥִһȴ벻ֱַӿʹû׵ĳ״̬˳ǵƻײٿʦʱϲ⡣
ʱѾܽȣͻ󷽵ĳ泱ֻߵļ׿ǹͷ죬ѾԵÿ̲ݻΪ˭Ҳ˵׼ǻ᲻ַͻ׿ǹϳ֮ǰǾͱơ
һַģʦǶǳɫĻʦǿַĿȴЩм
ַȻû˿ɣǶַĻײٿؼȴû˿ġ
ϾҪջףҪһβпĥѧϰַ̣ǰûƿعףôпܱǻأǽַ㡣
֮⣬ֻжǣַ޿ǡ
˲ٿµĻף϶ܴﵽǻеսʿǴ͹ޣǶɱھУĻʦַһҪ
ϻ֮ǰԽһɫ˼һǣǱٱ׿ǹֵϳַԶԶ˦ں棬Ҳг֪ԼҪԣͬʱݺݴַ
ַϻ׵ʱСͻȻǰһĵ˵Сһ㡣
ַ˵ͷСͻȻǰַĸ첲ͷһǵסܲɣ㶼ҪһŻ
ַоһ˿ƮԼıǿףСҲžӨᣬַһȣᶨĵ˵ͷ˻ס
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ͬʱʦаԽˬԼǻ׶ĿǰڳУС֮⣬ֻܹǿַǰ׶ûӦֻ׵һнģʽ
ַ㿪Ļ˵ڲˤӣǣڿ˻ַ֮ʼ󣬲ĸǡ
ǰѶģʽߵһߵĵزȻ޷˦ַ㣬ģʽĻʦڲ˸ٵнٶȣ»ײˤӣǲûгģʽ˵û
һʱļۣʦϿַĻײٿһǲĶײٿߡ
ʱڵϵϵͳַҪٸϵ׿ǹֵϳûʱɢ
ɢ
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ĿǰײˮƽߵСҿģʽһñҴʲô
ǻû˵ĻѾȻ٣һƣٵĳǣ˦˸Ӱ١
⡭Ҳ̫а˰ɣȻеģʽûˤӡ
ѽǶôأ
Ǹ߲Ƽ֮⣬ҵļˣԽ漴豸
Խ£еĴĻ򿪣ģҡڵĺɫӰӫĲϻζԽ΢õ˵Ϊʲôô
˾ⲻڻϣ׵ٶ̫죬ͷĿ겻
ǵٶж죿
תٶȣӦڶҡ
Խ¶οıٶȣѾܳˣٶ£泱ˣҲ赲
벻ʦȻԽײٿصļޣٶٿûַҲӦÿԳ泱ϳɱͷǿĳӰɣ
뵽ַ㣬ԽһΪʲǫֻ̂ףѵַٶȲ˸ʦٶȡ
ҲпܣַһǰϾûвף˲ж
ַľλãӿٶȣҪ̫Զ
ۣ־㣬κҲ˼ַսǿ˵Ͼ糤ѵĻʦרҵʿ
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ֻС¶Ūı飬ַٶ֮Ȼ֪ʦַ֮жôĲַ࣬ǵٶȣӦ˵ǸַٶȲŶԡ
ڲûַ֪ʵ
ȻٿʿеôܣַĻѾԶԶ׵ǰȥˡ
ʲôַٶȻô죿
Ǻܿ죬ʩ޷׽ƶĻ棬Ҳ㲻̨׵ʵٶȣƲ⣬̨ĿǰٶӦ֮䡭
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ַվ˳ǵĶ棬ҵ˺ɣַֻƾԼһ˵Իٵǡ
ʲôһˣΪʲôʲôᣬʲôأ
ַԽǿԽҵҲӦøˣΪʲôԼôأ
ھչˣӪҲԴʱװǸĻϣ˿̨Ӵ׵ĲӰַƶٶȣӪŮǶϲѡ
еȸԼһܹһͺˣͬʱԺ̨ףͶȥ˲м֮ɫ
Ҳ뱾δɷ棬ʺȥɡ

ͻȻ䣬̨ױͷĹ޸סȥ·
෴ַٶ̫죬ûй޿ַƶǰַ㷴ûϹ޵ء
Ļʦһ߲ݻףһ߰ЦһҲҳۣӲŰ㡣
̨׵ұУͬʱһ͵ģϸתĵ⣬ݺݳͷ޵Դȥ
ӣͷһĹޣ㱻תĵж£Ϊ룬Ѫˮ޵ضǡ
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Ĵдһ󻶺Ǿ˾ԽҲֻ׵ʵжǿҲ˵̨̫һȥһͷĹޣҲǰԽкá
֪ôսһ죬Լ͸ɳ׳ȥսʱͲðװʧʮʿˡ
ͻȻһһ󣬷ֱ̨ףѸٶһ͵ĺС
̨ױ˺ܵĹ޸ס壬ҳһš
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Ϊʲô˲Сģ
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116 ַ㿿
ǵĻ׿ҪͻΧˡ
УΧĻ巢΢Ķǿ͵ı棬ҲͻȻܲǱѹ˵Ĳһޱȣһҵıըӱ洫
У̨ȺǻӶŷĵ綯⣬ͷ͹ȥ
ͷľ͹޵ѾΪ룬ϵѪˮĻȾøˡ
У˸ǴӪۿӫŮҲһ𾪣׵ǿԶԶǵš
뱱ǿսĻֻҪԷĻһĳսʿᱻȻɱ
ĩУûԶѣֻ棬һ죬뱱ǲףʱǵĻף᲻ṥأ
ǵĻ׵ٳˣʱ˭ܹ赲ֻ׵Ľأ
һĿ˵и¶˾֮ɫ벻һǧ˻֮󣬱ܷӳ˿ֲڻ׵İ֮£ﵽһĹޣᱻѸɱ
̻뵽ǣԼܹӵһ̨Ļ׵ĻԶһϣ֮ǣ뻪ľǿıϣ֮ǣϣ֮Ƕ
Ȼ죬ʽװŸո̻࣬Ҷ϶ǿȻԺУӳԽԽҪá
ľ޴ı䣬˿ԼյżУֿԽǿ屶Ļѱصá
ϣͷ͹ޱ֮ƣʮƵļ׿ǹȴ׷ӿ˳̨̨ףǼ׿ǹǵצݣȴԻ׵첻˿˺
Ͼ׵ǷԵֵ߰ĹĿǰϾû߰Ĺ޻˵
ߵļ׿ǹֲΧŻ˺ҧڲĻʦ¶˳֮ɫ
ǺһСڿȣٵĻӶ׵ĸ첲ȣһ̨߳Ҳֻʮֻļ׿ǹ֣еľ͵⿳ȥΧһѪɣƬƬļ׿ǹֱֱӿ
һʦͨڲϵƽ̨һʦ˵Ѿ泱ĳѨԶˣҪɱȥҪȻᱻ˳Цܣ
ǺãɨЩӡ
̨֫ĵ˽ȥһŵǹ̽˳
漴ֱ̨ϵļʮСǹڷƵ˳ƬƬĹ
ֻϵĹȻͼĹ޴󣬵ȴԶԶ˴ͼڡ
ֱֻĹǱͨǹĹö࣬һǰɱʼˡ
ڼǹɨ֮£׿ǹֿ˵ǧıɱʮӵʱ̨ٸɵ˺üļ׿ǹ̨֣ҲԽԽļ׿ǹУɱһѪ·ϳķȥ

ҵУүΪڵҳԱҲӫǰ̨׷ɱܼ׿ǹֲһ档
Ϊ̾һ˵벻ֻ˿ֲǵԤƻҪǿʮҿƾ̨ףȫͻ׿ǳϳɱͷߵĳӣҿԽַЭȫûбҪ
Խȴַǩ鷳ܵƣ
ҵҪںûκԼ𣿡

ʦһеɱһ߷ɿĳַ·ķɱ˹ȥʦ˵ޱ޼ʵĳӣżȻϵĹޣǶֵһᡣ
Щ͹ޣǾѵĺܣѾܶԷǿĻκ˺ʦſоյ泱ɱԼսڴһȤϷ
ۿޱȵľ͹ޣԼĵ±иɸָ״ʦԼһոֻҪԼԸ⣬Ƭ֮ոǰǧļ׿ǹ֣ͳͳϼҡ
ͻȻһʮ׵ľͼ׿ǹֵһ̨׽ǰֻ׿ǹѪ۾¶Ѫı顣
׿ǹסʦȴΪ⣬͸ǰİ͸֣ĿͷԲļ׿ǹһۡ
ͷ׿ǹ֣һļ׿ǹ֣Ǵʮ౶Щͱ޵ȴҪС˺ܶ࣬ӴĻȣҲ̨һĸ߶ȡ
ʦеĺһڿȣŽʮ֧ǹܣ׼ͷԶһ׿ǹִĶļ׿ǳ棬󽫼ǧк£׷䵽ͷ޴ļ׿ǹϡ
ͷ׿ǹֳ۽ǸһЩɫҺ֮⣬û̫ܵ˺ȴ̨׵Ĺŭˣһ˿ֲ
ʦҲô⣬һǿĹޣԵֵסһ㼤ǹͷ׿ǹֵ񻹲˿Եֿ˼ǹ⵹Ҳ̫ʦϡ
ʦݵĲٿŻףǹܣ̽˸ղǰź⣬תķ⣬˹ȥ
ѵĴ͸ԶһļǹҪȴͼڶҪֲĶ࣬ʦһڼǹЧ£ʦԥźĵ⣬ͷ׿ǹ˹ȥ
׿ǹƺҲΣյıƽһ֮͵һɷƵҺ壬׵ز
ͷ׿ǹֵȻԳһļ׿ǹ֣Ȼ֧泱ԣȻ˻ؿֲ̨ڡ
ӴĻܶûжܣֱӳ׿ǹ˹ȥ˻ܵľ͹޶˺̨׵ıǣҪ˵ֶĵĿˮˣʦŲûаѼ׿ǹĻˮϡ
һȳĻˮ˻ؿڰ͸ˮϣðһỤ̃ˮֿٵı䱡Ѹٱʴһ󶴡

ڵĻʦһֵļУֻ޵һ𣬶ˮֹ˿𺦣ͷ׿ǹֿĻˮȴܳԶһеĺȵĻܣôּ׿ǹĻˮʴԻôǿ
ʦУʱ򣬼׿ǹֵһֻѾ˳Ÿʴһ󶴵ķִ˽ȥֱӽʦ̴
ʦڵĲٿ̨ʮСǱεĹ̶ڽϣֻĿԼ屻׿ǹֵצӸֱӶ
漴ӴĻʧȥ˿֮󣬺Ȼأ˼ʮֻļ׿ǹ֡
һʦٿŻףŭ˹еĵֱӿ£ͷشŵļ׿ǹֵԴ롣
Ȼɱͷŵļ׿ǹ֣ȴȲѾȥͬ飬ʦҪȥʱֻ͵ļ׿ǹ֣ǵģղʦеļ׿ǹһģһΧס̨ס
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һˮ˻׵ؿڣѸ˿мλˮ˻׵Ľűϣ漴׵Ľűʴһ󶴡

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ӵĻĸ߹ؼҵˣûдϲлعǰͻ䣬һʦͻȻɱһͷشŵļ׿ǹְΧҿǰ
ԽҲ¶һ˿ִͼ׿ǹҺֲ̫ˣԻ߰ķֻҪˮճϣҲᱻʴһ󶴣ǰܶһ
ͷ׿ǹֲϵɫҺ壬Ȼ̨ʦĲٿ£κһĶҪݵĶ࣬׵ϣǱ˻ٵĻɫҺ塣
ֻɫҺĸʴ֮£׵ļͷ󱳣ǰðỤ̃׵Ҳڱٵĸʴ
ĻʦŭˣԲٶܣ˵Ҳ֪ԼܲټĻɫҺ壬ݻף⣬ֱӳǼֻ׿ǹϿȥҲҪ汳ġ
գͷ׿ǹֱ⿳̨࣬ףҲ϶ദǿҸʴͨһ˵ϡ
λɫҺؿڵĲ룬ֱӽʦڳһ̲ŧѪ
ʲǫ̂Ļ׾ôˣ
ԽĴһֱӽ̫ʦϵĽ飬һ˿ӵı飬֮˵Ͻַڵľλã
˾ַƶٶ̫죬Ŀǰֻܲ׽һ˿ɫĲӰ޷ȷľλá
ԽУȴĬĬ˵ַ㣬һжˣ


117 ޳
㣬ֶĵĳ³ĿˮôôԽ׵Ƕڻ
ѾͷĻ̻Դĵ˵ױķԼﵽ߰㣬Ի߰ķּ׿ǹҺ帯ʴǣͨ໹ǽֻ࣬ҪմһΣѸٻһ̲ŧˮ
дһ˿ɫĵʵ̻㣬̨Ѿˣ˵ϸֻʣһˣӵϳ˳ɱֻͷ죬ƽ𣿡
һǿ˵ָ˭һƽġ
Ķη˵ˣղ̨׵ҲִͳҺ£Ҳʴ󶴣ַȻǿֻ¿ˮĳӣܱܹȥ

һ̨ٱܵĻͻȻͣס˽ŲĶ棬ʮͷʮףųһŵļ׿ǳ棬ǾѪ۾̨۶Ļס
ڵַ˾޴ΣձƽԼĩлʮ֮õַ㣬һŵ㣬Ǿκʱ򣬶ӶԷ
Ȼһ·ϣ˳նɱ߰ͷĴ͹ޣȻǰЩ׿ǹֵҲǿǵҲǸոչѡ
ַȴΪֱһ̨ǿĻףһ·ս޲ʤСǰЩ׿ǹ֡
ַѾԵĲԼֻǻ۵ĳͷľѾԶˣǰʮֻӵϣҲһɼΣյζ˵ǼΣա
ַЩӼ׵ľ΢΢վ֫У̽һ֧͵ĵ⣬ƴ

˾ǲ׽ַľλˡ
ʮֲĳӳղʦֻӣмܲסˣַҲ̫˰ɡ
ԽͷȻõַʮֻӶŵĻ棬ȴﲻַ㣬ֻĵΪַԼõף

ַòƲôѽΪ̾һ˵
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Ϊһ˶ʱˣԼ˵ַ˵ַ㳤ҲԼ˵ʲôأ
Ϊᶨ˵ҵȻϣַ񣬵֮󣬾㲻ЩҲֽȻȴԺԲ

ֽ̹٣͡
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ȻӪŮҲ֪ӫڵַǵĻȻΪַȲʣΪ

ַһǰЩ˹ȥͻȻһֻӿһɻɫҺ׵ؿڡ
зַ͵ؽݸһ̨ӴĻͬװǿҵһ㼫ٺˡ
һ̨̣׵ƶٶʵ̫죬ڳӫϣͻȻʧȥȥ̨׵Ӱӡ
ַ㿴ǹҺ䵽ϵʱȴϵʯˮѣиǴһֳӿеĸʴԼǿ˵׵Ƕˡ
ַ㲻ԥеĵת˿µַͻȻ˻׵٣һӰʮͷ;޴ĳӡ
ͬʱĴҵУǷӪĵǰ˲ŵһĻ
һɫӰİΧ֮£׿ǹֵĵۣ׿ǣԼѪ⣬оķ裬ɢ
ĴҵļԼõĻԽҲ¶΢ЦַȻûнԼʧ
ӪŮǣһǻϲ񣬸ղʦٿصĻ׾͹ˣַȣǲˡ
ЩڣûһӿԲ׽ַӰȴȻⲻѪɡ
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һŮԴĺԴ죬ǿҼʵ֮ŮĿڡ
Ůȴ˷ܵӵԼкÿıñ㵸Ĵеֽ̹٣ǰ㣬ֽ̹٣ǰ㡭
İҧַô㣬ЩŮǸĻ죬ַĶû˼ЩŮǻᵹѽѱʱˣ֮䲻ǹ߻Լ񲻳Դˡ
Լַ׿ϵδţЩСȻԼˣһˣôŮóԵɫַ㣬ҪҲʲ
ѾͷЩŮԺ󶼼޲ȥ֮ȴԴ⣬Ů𣬾͸һ㣬ԺԼҪѧѧ˵ʱˮһʹУŵ֮زز
ԼΪ࣬ԶͨᲢ۵ģԼôɰôǿԼһĻַûɲϲԼʱһЩСǲмһˣֻԼˡ

Ϊٴ¶Ծı飬ȻΪԼѾַˣȻԼ͹Ǹ˵Ŀ̶ֲȡ
ΪЩε˵ַ˱ǿı̬ڽ֮󣬸ǿ󵽽˲ĵزֻҪڻ֮Уֻȫ˼һҲĶ֡
Ϊ⻰һڣõгԱϿɣԺҪԸַ㣬ҲܽԶףҪȻһҵˡ
ַڻ֮ڣ֪ϻ˭ܹƵס
ͻȻ֮䣬ˣоԼԵģһսʤޡ

һصļ׿ǹֲ֫رѵʯַûһ˿飬̨ӴĻҲǰȻе㶥صǡ
ղһսȻûմһλɫҺ壬ǰѾ͵⣬ȴи׿ǹʱȾһҺ壬ӶʴĿӿݣȱȫ
ַٵ˶ЯĿֲǰ֧⿳ȴûм٣ַ֮ûߣҪоһֲּڸ
ǹɿֲ֮ǿȫһ֮УַĿǰǿȻԶԶĩڵȣĿǰֲĴڡ
ַڲǿĻףȻһ˿⡣
ͻȻѷ죬ѷ콥ԽԽеѷǴﵽ˺ü֮һļµ˻Уһͷ޴Ĺ޴ӵصȻ
ַΣգúˣ͸׵ˮַ֣㿴һߴһʮף׵ĿֲվԼ档
ͷ޵ģַղɱʮͷ׿ǹֵҲЩ
ͷ޳ԲΣȴûм̵ǣֻһֺڵķϲ·ڽһ㲻ͣ䶯ļ⹹ɡ
ͷѪĺɫ۾дʱڴϵĵСַٿŻףͷǰҲ·ǴǰһСߡ
ٻɣͷޣǱΣм׿ǹֱ仯ɵ͹ޣм׿ǹֵͷ졣
ͷͳϵﵽ˽ַ֮࣬л΢΢һϸ¶˵ǵı顣
ǵһĩһʱ򣬺ûǿĹ޳ֹ


118 ׿Ǿ޵ĩ
һĶһףȻɱҵôຢӣҪ㲻ú
ַ΢΢һͷ׿ǹͷ첻Կԣ˻˵ôȻͷܵЩöԸ
ͻȻĻˮͬǵصˮ㳯ַֹһɫҺĺÿ죬ӵٶ˶٣ЩɫҺ廹ǵص˹
ַļٺˣֻҲּֿܲĻɫҺ䡣
УӪڣ˵ĸеԼֹǻɫҺ˿ٶ֮£п˵УǿˣΪַǶ㲻һˡ
ֻзӪŮǴʱȻһеΪַͣʱȴҿӫϵĻ棬Ŀͨĵ̻ĻС
̻ҲۣƺĿ̨ױֻɫҺ帯ʴŧˮģ
Ĵ۾ɵøˣһգգĶӫ·۾еҪӫڣȥַһս
Ķа̾ϴѽϴôͷ鷳˰ɣͷ׿ǹͷͬһСɽƣĻɫҺ壬һҲ˶٣ôùô͵ĸжá
ˮкذҺǰ㲻ŹأϾ̨ȴмʮ׸ߣѵһ׵һҺ嶼ϣӹһٵĻҾͳ
ַϾ룬ֱ˻׵ĵĵһַҰⶵʱ򣬶ûпĵĳ״̬ĵٵ״̬ѲһҲֻƻʦſǿʱá
ַ㲻ǸҵĻײٿʦˣֲòðգղѾĿԼ״̬£ȻܲǵĻɫҺ塣
ðһ

ʱߵľӫѾ޷׽̨׵κټ
һԱòŵĿ˵ôܣ̨׾Ȼƾʧˣ¸ղ״̬ǵļ豸ܲ׽һ˿ɫĲӰǾȻɫĲӰ׽
һϳɵļԱ˿϶Ĵ𰸵ҸȷַѾĵ״̬
ʲôĵ״̬ܰɣǳײ츳ߵСС㣬ĿǰҲֻܿѵַ˻ôȻܿĵ״̬
ҿһǼس⣿
ҿԸߴңûκ⣬ַȷȷʵʵĿĵ״̬
Խعͷҵļ˵κ֪ҵַ㲻С˰ɣ
ۣ־㣬κ㿴ңҿ㣬ƺûдַԿĵٵϢлعԽַʱҶԴ˲֧֡
Ȼ뱱һ£˷ԣҲǻݵ飬Ƕַһ£ȴвͬĿΪһַ㣬ҵȫ淴ˣǵս
ߣǲַĿҵĴǣ˳ȻַԸôôѾҵˣκһ
Խȴ飬ó˾˲еǿӲ磬ַ㣬ַһ·ɱս޲ʤķ⣬ҵˣҲԽĸհԶ
˵Ƕ˾Ӣ
־κҲǷ׷׵ͷǲɱͷ׿ǹͷĻ˵ᱻ泱ƣʱĴңǾ볤һҷ
Ǽںʦûг嵽ϳǰˣַֻһߵ󣬶ַ֮ôһΪ˷Ӫ˿ԻȥһǶԽǩĻر
ַ㿪ĵٵʱ̣ҵҲɾľͬʱǸе£ĵλߣս߱ĴҲĵλǰֻĴҿµһܡ

ַҲ˾޴ΣգԼѸɱͷ׿ǹͷĻһԼںӱߣвʪЬֻҪϽϼλɫҺ壬̨ױٽˡ
ʧȥ˻׵İַͷ޵Ķַ֣㿪ϵ۽ҲһĹޣȵضûС
̨ףһ붼ʱڣ嵽˾ͼ׿ǹֽǰ⣬ֱȥ
ǰѵıԵͬһӲ޷İϣֻǽһƬ𻨣ȴûд̽׿ǹͷȥ
ַһһİ֣ѵһ֮£Ҳܴ̽ȥһ룬ڣ˵ıԵ֮⣬ͷ׿ǹͷƤȻһ¶ûС
ַ㿪˻׵Ķܣֱӵǰѵ⣬ڲٿУָСսǱӼ˳ȥ
ѸٳһŤռ䣬̨΢΢һбסһѳʮ׵ľͳ
ַжڲһӵʱڿɣ˾ļʩû㵽ַٻսǱһĻȴͷ׿ǹͷĽǰһɫĲӰ
漴ͷ׿ǹͷͻȻһѪѪĿϣѪɿĽĸʯһƬѪɫ
ʱȻ׵λãȴͨأͷ׿ǹԲԲ岻Ϲ𣬻һ߸߹Ѹ£·ʲôײ
ͷ׿ǹͷ죬򷢳һһҽȻӫ˵ĶĤȻ죬·ͷ޾Ƕƴ˻С
Խɻ˵ôѵַ̨ףͷ׿ǹͷĶȥˣ
ܰɣ׵ǫ̂ôĽȥ

׿ǹֵĶͻȻը̨״Ӽ׿ǹֵͷݵվСɽļ׿ǹϣͬʱһѾͳñĿ򲻶ɨ䣬ģΪ硣
׽µļ׿ǹͷ죬һС֮ȥպ޷Ӧ̱˵ϡ
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սꡭ
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гԱͷղŵַ׵ģѾ̫𺳣ʱһսϼˣɱĶС
Ҳ֪үǸЭˣĻϼڲû˸ҷԡ

ӪڣŮƵӵһ𣬲ڶԷǰϺҸԱԼеϲ֮飬⵱Ȼǵ⣬̫ˡ
ỹûвɾΪЦ§̻Цͣ
ʱ̻ͻȻһǾĸϣ֮ǵõַľǿߣһĬĬŵĴڣһԾΪȫʵϣ֮ǡ
ҲõַһˣȵõκһʷǰżҪҪĶ࣬Ͼδս˵սֻ࣬ӵ޷Ǳܡ
Ĵ۾ʱСһ㣬ַ̣ٴδ漣Լ֪ᴴ漣ģʲôģ
Ķҡͷðɣҳ㲻࣬һǧȷ
еӫҫ̨ħ׳Ӱеע֮£ͷɫĻ¼׿ǹͷʬ壬һԾ˸ղŵѷУǵط죬Ǹղż׿ǹͷĵط
ӫǰ˾󲻽⣬ǲַѾȫʤˣȴΪʲôسǣ˵صס
ص̫ڰʩ޷㣬ӫǰһƬڣ˶˼Ϊʲôȥѵ滹ǿĹޣ


119 
ղż׿ǹͷʱַһն£е룬û̫ڼ׿ǹͷϻһӡ
Ȼˣַ㲻ǲףǿϵ۽ȥиͷ޵壬Ҳвͷ޵Ƥ
Ȼޱȣַڿϵ۽֮ȴԶԶʱľ޴
һѵȻһ׳СУȴһһ׳ɵ׵һͷţһ꺢ӵĵٷҲûһͷţϵƤ
ȻˣַԽԽǿеŻԽԽֲ
п׿ǹͷַ֮Żףԥ˽ȥ룬ͷ͹ڵ٣ͷ͹޵֮󣬲ŴԴ
ַ֮ûȥ˸ղż׿ǹͷĵصУɢһصϢǹϢʲôвһ˵ִڡ
ַԾص֮ȻһƬ۾ǿԿһУǹصϢһ׶ߵС
ԶСҶӷ·ʯһӨǹʮСһɬʵ
ַ۾ͻȻɴˣڼһ¸ûǿӰ£ŽսǱ˻زֱͨ˻ס
ڿǿСģַ֪֮ԼûпеľԭСȻһУʮֺһֽ֮Դıֲ
ϧϵĹʵûг죬ҪȻԼԵһţҲԼϵ
ϵ֮һͨ˳һţҲǿǧһԾΪԽнǿڡ
ѵϵ۽ĳսʿĻЧۿۣһŹʵֻһǧ
ûһųⲻ˵ûнĹʵ͸˵Ĺʵͷ׿ǹͷԵˡ
˲ĩһֲ꣬ϱﵽĹ޴ˣԭֻ׿ǹֵϵ
ͷ׿ǹͷʮųűǿ
ַ㲻ԥٴٻսǱϵ۽е£·ڹһ㣬Ŵһ˰еսǱ֮С
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ܵɢŵͷϵͳŮΧ˹ʱ䣬ͷ̳Ըǿ޵ʬ壬Ҳӵĺܿ졣
ȻʳȻҲ״СȴڼǴﵽ
Ҳʶˣ뵽˸ղͷ׿ǹͷ֮ôǿһϵĹйء
ֵͼļ׿ǹڳϳĹ֮ͻư㣬ԼǻۼߵĴڣϵĹӵĻǻôأ
ʱԼ˵ԷսǱɱַ㣬뵽ס˻һͺ
˿̵һοͣһδµļƷŮŮϻ˼֮󣬲ŷ
ַһ仰ȴͷ׹ߣַֻ滺˵ϵĹӼΪҪͷ̰Ե͵һŵĻ͸ҵȻˣĴĻұԥı㡭
սǱ֮ڣǾԵĿţǿһҲСŮĶ֣ڣͷȻΡ
ͷ˵ף˷ġ
ڵַԽԽǿоԼַ㣬ҲûԼ߹ݣҲûǰĻǵַ㣬ǱüΪϡ
ͷȴ棬ԭַһֱûԼȻԼǿʵȴԼǿ󵽳ĿĵزַȻǸı̬һĵͺ
ַ㲻ԥǿ˻ףǡ
ڳǣַܵӢ۰ĽӴʿǹڣŮС׷ӿϽͷۿһ˵е޵Ӣһģ
һЩŮַ˧ģ֮ĸײ¹޲ǰϼڡ
ǿ̻Ůӵַ㣬½ΧʱԲλ࣬ǰ
ѽ˾ַ㣬ú˧ѽ
Сӣ˼˰ɣ˼ǹʶĿĴӢۣŮƣЩ쿪ʲôҲûУһǴСѾͷܸʵġ
ҿɲôΪһ죬ҲҪʶĿվǰȥ
űӪŮӵȥַ㣬ɫŮȻַۣĻ֮ĵŮкܶˡ
ַص˷ӪӪӣҾܾԽΪŵǳʢĻӭʽĶ̾Ϣѡ
вʵ̾ʱһˣƫƫȴô͵ôĻװ׷Ź̫ϧˡ
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Ϊ˱֤ӪȶɧţǴһԼֱʦǧ˶ʿӪǧվڡ
Ϊ˾Ͻĸ߹ΪվڣҲַһӣͬʱڷӪҲҵˣǲ
ַϾ֮࣬ȥСһ棬ѻ׽Ϊǵַ֮Ȼûκνڴߡ
СƯдһɵˮ·µʲô˵Ҫ𣿡
ַҲŮҲкøУԼѾɣԼ뿪ˣСΪҼΨһĺԺҪҵȻԼһ뿪ȥ˼ġ
Ҳһ𣬽
ַҲӿһ˿˸УΪԼǸ׶ˣСĿ⣬Ҳζ
ַͻȻСӿ뻳УʪԸеĺ촽ȥ
һַǹĵһŮҲôܲòȴ֪ҲԼ뿪֮󣬱ҲûмĻˣ˲һǡ
С˫ۣסַ׳Ĳӣ֪ߵغĳ
þúþãַɿ˵˵ҰɣֻеһͣȴڳңȴǾʶˣҲһǲڽңһаɣ
ַӰʧԶУСˮ䣬˵ԶҲ㣬ΪѾߵҵУȷ
ַصӪ֮Ļһ˿Ȼĳ泱ѾɢȥӪ⣬֤ǵİȫֲĸоȴԽԽǿңܸоҲưոݡ
ַ㿪ʼѸٵԼʵں˼׿ǹͷ֮󣬱һӴﵽǧ㣬ǰĶǧٵȻǧ㣬һӳԽ˰ڵгࡣ
İ£Ķ֣ʤ˵Ҳﵽǧ㣬̻˸Ǵﵽǧ
ӪЩŮǣҲﵽٵ㵽߰˰ٵ㲻ȵʹţʷǿʹˡ
սǱеʵһҲʱˣɫ˻ɫκһսʿԵǿһǧ
ͨǿֱӴﵽǧȻˣ֮ͨҪںϻѱأҲһ˺ܶ౶
ַӸϵССڳĹ֮󣬱֫ĸ첲ֳ˳С˶ַмѡ
ַ֪ж֫˺Ծ֮ԸСһصԭǾĶСĹϵѸ£ɲԼֵܽȢһм˵š
ַ㻹еĶĶǿԼȱŮ׷󣬵ȴʼնѾм˵С벻
һַƷϿɣĶģֻ˵ıӡѡ

˾
һϽŶ룬˵
Խһۣ˽壬ǳҵˣһϲǸˣȴк˾
ʲô£
ٴαƿΪժ˴ͷϣסٵһñӣһͦ˵Ҫ㡣
ԽһüеЩͷΪԳͨĽԼ˾ѵѾ˸
Խվ˵үӴݹ٣Ϊʲô£
ҪַڳǣˣҪ´һַʹţҵǿԲƽЩ˵
Ѿ´˶ַ
û⣬ֻҪ´һŶַĴͿˡ
Խ룬ᶨĻشүӣҾܾ顣


120  ұץ
ǳŪ˵Ȼˣ¹ֻеˡ
Խһŭ˵壬·ϣ췴𣿡
ΪͻȻЦԽҲ룬ƾʲôܹ˾λϣûҵ֧֣н𣬼ȻѾúܲȻҪջ͸һС
үӣҳҽܹߵλãǵõܴİүʲô˽˵ҪҰĻԽҲһüͷ
Խһ˵ǳǵ˾һˣе˾ָ˵ʹҾκ飬Ϊ˵Ц
һԼС
һ֣ʮʿԽ˾иżǿ͵ļǹֻҪκһһǹԽᱻһࡣ
Խһ£ЩʿƽʱȫǵһҵĺĳԱΪô׵ĽѸٿ
˾ɡ
һǹָԽ˵ԽΪһ˵үӣӽ쿪ʼԽҲǷκ顣
漴ԽʮʿĿѺ֮£뿪˰칫ҡ
岻ʵүӣȻѾ˺ˣΪʲôֱأ
ףԽʱȴһҪ巢ʩԱԸҵˣվһ𣬹ֶַ֧ͬ⣬ȻߵһҲûбҪں̨ˣ˷Ҫͬзǵľһƿسǡ
ΪַݻʱħӰϵļ΢һ鴤˵ڶԸ֮ǰҪɱַ㡭
Խ˾롣
˵ȷǾˣûж룬ٳȥһԺʿͻȻһӵϡ
һЦ
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ۺͻȻ뵽ʲôûѡ񷴿ֱӾ֣ʿǰһֵż˫ϡ
ĿƼߣǿ߱סҲ޷ѣԶԾϵ۽ĳսʿڿϵ۽֮Ҳ޷ǿԵҪ˵һŵˡ
۱ؽһҵʱȴķҼ־㣬κҼκҲС
ۣ־Цղκֻ˵ϣܹһ٣ԱǳȥҪʧˡ
ͻȻʵȷλүӶµ𣿡
־϶˵Ȼھһλ߸ϢԽ˾Ҳ˸ˣڵ֪ʱ֮󣬸֪ͨκ֣㱻һʿץˡ
κҲͬλүӣ˭˴ܹͨͬʱҵļԽ˾һҿүһҪɱַ㣬ֵԣŻôɣ
һü˵үӸôĶΪ˵Ըַһô򵥣ֻΪ˶ԸַĻƿصĲӣ·Ϸַ㣬ҵүԸַ£ûҵҲһɵ
κʧеΪôĵҵһ𣬲٣ԽƺվһߣǲĻ鴫ȥ֧ҵƲŹأ
ҡҡͷ˵̫СλүӵֶˣֻҪүӰԽһºҸڣ˵ַͻȻ裬ҵļԽһɵˣΪסַǸħ֣ĸ˱˳ʱ˻ҵڲ𣿡
־κ໥һֻۣҪҵļһʱҵȻ˵ʲôʲôˡ
κ׷ͷڳ֮ǰһһַ㣬ҪȻڳ˾ҵ֮ȴַɱһУֻΪ£ַû֮ǰǻǰȫġַ֮ǿλүҲɱɱġ
۵˵ͷַԿεϵ۽вپǿ㳲ҲδضԸַ㣬¹˭ֻǸδ֪
־ͻȻ뵽һ£һá
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С䵽ҵϣǴСϵõżķô׵Ļַһ
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СȻҡҡͷ˵СֶŮľǿƢҵ˽ֽſҲδػżеĻ׽ҵˣҲ˵СֶŮַƺ꣬Ļ͸ܰѻ׽ҵˡ
ŮԸȻѻ׽ҵˣȴ˵ҵ棬оͨܵĸ֣һǶСдߣҵġ
κͬʱϴһҵ˶С˴ߣõĻ׵ĻַܹĻ˵΢΢
Ȼַ˻䵽֣֮ʱҾͿԳûһ򾡣ºǻ԰еƵַϡ
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ַܲܰҵ׷ɱܲհһصĹؼڡ
һǰ˶˵ַҵ˻ϢϢأǶһЩڣַ˼飬Ȼǧȷķˡ

ڷӪΧͻȻнٽ˹һǰ˵Ͻˣ˾ϽľӴߣʹŵİȫڿʼȫȨ𡣡
Щٶƽ׽ҵˣʱ֮ģʵ˾𣿡
Ͻ뿴
ӹһž״󣬷ȷ˾Խķαӡ£ǾЩŹ֣Щ٣󲿷ҹϵУԽôԼأ
˵¹شҪϵһ˾뿪
˾ǩ˾ӡ£ȴĵģѵ췴𣿡
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ĲߵĻҲ
˾µû˾֮ͨǰǾ᳷ߵġ
µʿǼǵĳЩҵľִԥľǹ׼ЩƵľ١
ոոϹЩˣϾֻмٸˣڱǧ֧ǹָס֮ǵƶʱȥһ˵ҵҪ˾ô˵
ǣͨԽǶԷȴʼ޷ͨ
н΢ЦҶִоα˺Ͻһ뿪ȵ˾´ٻ
Ȼԣȴ֪һˡ
ֱӾܾҵʱܵ˾Ŀǵȴǲ᳷ߣִĻҪҲˡ
нԼ٣ټ֣Цһ˵ϽŲǧˣ͸뵲ưɣ
˵仰Щﳤȥ
üͷղϵӡ¾αģԽƺòΪʲôԼ粻˾޷֪ڵľ﾿ʲô£
һױ˹˵Ͻղŵ飬ַ˵ȫˣȥ˵лҪ˵


121 ɵĲ
ҳƿسǵļƻѾչʱԽ˾ѾΪȫˡ
ַ٩٩̸ģԾĳһ亹Ȼҡҡͷ˵ܵģүӳǷˣҪȻô˵Ҳôġ
Ϊڿǵ˾Խ֮ҲԽݷҵļһ򾡣ºһжڹʱǻҵĿ֮𣬶֮ƺȻֻʺĺڹˡ
ַжϣһλүӵ˽⣬ΪһǿƵˣԼɱ죬˵ҵϺݺݴһ⡣
ԽԼ⣬ԼҵĳĬʹΪʧȥԳǵľԿơ
ΪһңȻĿҵȨ
Ȼһұ𲽳ԽȴһḶ́ŻԺսеĵλԽԽҪҵȻڳˮǴߣҲڲ֪𲽽ҵ
ڣַζҵƣԼľ쵼ʶѣʹΪǰһ޷ܡ
ΪҲʧȥǵһĻ쵼ߵĵλΪϵѡƷԽԼңҲУΪôЩðʧΪȴôΪ
ҵļԱ鲼еҪλҲ߱һ޴ƣͬʱҲΪҹȻԸҵĵڡ
ȻˣַУһ߻ãҪȻԼҵĹϵҲôѡ
ҲǴˣȻҵڳҶԾ͸˵޴ڣոյõܱҵļͻȻʧˣڲҳһţѾַжϡ
ȴ֪ԼѾû·ȣҵУǾˣߣҵҪԱҪϴҵˣȻŹ
֣˵ô죿
ڽӹܱ𴦵ľӣҺܿͻɴΧңϣұӪˡ
ڿѾӹ˾ľӣԼ֧¾пԱԼǿʮʮľӣĶͷɵ亹ֱ
Ȼ˵ַģֻҪ£Ϳȴʹŵ˲˺
ҲôţֻҪҵ֪Ѿ뿪㲻ɴΧ˷ӪˣٵѹҲӦôˡ
Ҫ뿪
ȥλүӣųҵļǵ˾ȳ
һ벻ַôĵڸļӵͻȻѣƿصľӣ˵ﵽ˼ʮѵַһ´ǧȥˡ
ǳ´ҵϳ벻İ취ԽǰΣַĿһ˴ϳȳҵļԼԽ˾
һ˿ᶨı飬֪ҵƣԼһ֮ء
Ҫʲôֻ˵һΪܷܲҵңͿˡ
ʲôҲҪֻϣܱ֧ʹţҵԤƣֻҪҵ˾ðȻʹŵ˷ϾҵҲǿûгƿо֮ǰһеķɷսʹʧȥơ
֣ܾܲȳ˾ҲܲƽϢҵңҶһֱԾ˵㱣֤ˣҪȻ˾һͷ
ַͷǸسŵԳɽˣôһ˵ַоԼû˺֮ǣԼԷչսˡ

ʦˣֻҪַ·ǵʮżһ䣬һ԰ַƬ
һųĻʦͻȻһ˿ɷ
ˣĳȴĺĳԱĩԼ׳ͷ­ѪѾӮҵȫΡ
ԼҲû뵽ԼһᱳңҶԾңԼҵеһ˿ֻš
ǷˣչԳչϴôʱҲƿһУԼķŽҳɹϣ
ȻʦֻһСԽСܿԺƵķչŲԼҵսϡ
ĿǰһӹܾӣͻԷչϴⳡϴһչĺȳ泱ΧǻҪء
Ͼ泱ΧǣԽŽһҶԾıѣҵϴȴпʹóѣջҷ
ȻϵоӶұʾЧңʦȴ֪ܶʿֻǱҳǵĻžҵģֻĿǰ̫ǿƣǲŲòұʾİɡ
ʦҲַĳ֮һڽӵ֮ìܣԼĲӣڳ泱ΧǵʱûκΪ֮໥ϴʱȴǰ̨
е˾޴ĳ裬һ˲սϣ޵սУȴҪԼĿеӢۿǹȷܲ顣
λүӶַ˽⣬ַ㲻һϲԴеˣһַ֣ҪȥңǱؾ֮·Żһǿʦ
ַȻǿǼʮżһ䣬ڷɻһĹ£ַȥϣȷ󣬿Լַ֤ǰ£ʦоȻһּ䷳ĸо
׳ա
ղ˵ų΢΢һԼʦַ֤ʦôԼǰ׳գֻʦԼһ˵ָЩڣжٰɱַ㣿
ʦûκΰտըַ㣬ȴְըַ㡣
Ϊʲô
ҵָ̫
ʦοĵͷ˵ָûϵֻжԼľУʥҲ˵ս֮ñţһڻָӰɡ
ղųͻȻ棬Լʦ֤ؿɻɱַ㣬׳գһ˵ûκΰջɱַ㣬õ˳ޡ
ˣͨѽߡһҰϢҵˣ˲ú
ǰļѾ鵽ַﱼѾ뼤ڵ֮ڣ˼뷢ַ⣬ҵүҲ˵ˣȻڻһƽȴЩֻҪܻɱַ㣬Ǹƽȫ⣬Ҳǡ
ʦһ֪˵⻰˼ڸֻҪɱַ㣬ƽֵõġ
ҵƽһȺϣȻںƽĳǱһȺ̰˼ſƣֻЩͨƽ϶ˡ
Ȼǻûпַ㣬ǳ޴ڵļʩѾַľ꣬ʾ˼̵Զ̨ϡ
ʦ˵ˡ
ȫǾʿұʾЧңҾִܾĻѶᱻǣ
ų֪ô
֤겻񡣡
Ҫô˵Сıĺ״һᾡΪɡ
ǡ
ųָӵʮȽǣ䡣
ʿĿɿڴѼڵʮȽǣǹȫȥˣַնҪȻô
ЩʿҲ֪ǵĳٲԸַ֣ҲԸĿеӢۿڣڼǰַһ̨ףɱֲֻĳͷ죬ʹеļ׿ǳȺף׷ɢӡ
ǵԸܣ̼䣬ǧƵĹգչ£ЩȻ˶ĿĹâ·̻ʢ
Χضɽҡٸľ׷ź̽Դ۷׷ס
ô£泱Ѿôֿˣ
֪϶д·ˣѵûп죬ʿ׷׵𣬾˵ҵļһʧˣƳҪˡ
еĹ䵽գһӫϸŭô£ΪʲôûĿ꣬ڵȫѰУʦǸʲôԵģ
ʦҲûоֻ˵ղŵĲϵͳһС⡣
㻹Ͻ޺ãַˣҪС
ʦһûٿֱӽǿӫرˣų˵ɵĲ
ųͷ˵ġ


122 լ
ϿǧƵַ̻㰵д⣬ǸƼ̶ȼߵϣ֮ǣȻԷ˻ûг֣ЩͼȴпʮԼԼȻ޲
ļԼϵ۽жһٵĿԣԼһֻ֮ܿϵ۽ԼϿϵ۽Ļֻ»ûг嵽ҴԺ㱻ˡ
Ĺ߸߷ȴûȻڰаԼҲ϶ַеһ뷨
ǾǱϿѾ˳ǵľƣʵϳȴǰӿҵ
ֻҪΪһͻʧȥĹǣȻһӲ֧ţϾ̫ᣬԵ̫ͣԷڣѹҵķˡ
ΪˣֻЩЧҵҲ׷վҵĶ棬ǽзһ
ĩһ֮ԿϱʾЧң޷ҪסԼļȵ档
ΪǿһͻΪһɢɳΪҹĶʱȻû˻Ϊĩ·ᡣ
˽ܲɱΪܸܲıƵĹؼڣַӿٶǰȥǧʿ˽ͷȥ·
ивٴ͵ļڰڶ棬ЩڵڿȴǶ׼ա
ַ֪֧ڰ԰Լûж˵һӰĹЩˣֱҵķȥ
ı˸Ҫַ㡣
ץס
ȴû׷Щ˸ǶպҿǹַѾִܽͼѾûκвڵ֣ͨļǹǺ壬Щʿϡ
ַοǣûʿĶǹҲûĸץ
еŭǰӫʦǶ漴ͨһ绰ݺݵ˵ΣַϴȦ㶼ַֹĻпܳլΣүӵİΣ
һӫڣһ˧ľĵ˵ģҵĶУ󲿷־ٶҵˣǶĲַˣǶ޻ء
˵ͷŲôˣַֹһأ
˵˿ҵʦѾȫСĻڴżл˳ַͷۣҲһ
Ϊҵ׳ɣȻַ֮ǣֻҪַˣҲɴӰǰ̨ת䡣
δյļڽַַȴü黫ˣߵ·ߣ¥Լߴڵʹü޷ַľλãͻȻһɫװ˳ǰ
ϳǸˣŭһɱ
ǧʿ׷׳ַ㿪ǹַȴһӰɼǹӵ¥ϵˮǽҷɣȴû˵ӵܹ
ֳַһѷıɱ֮Уʿ׷׵أַһ磬ֱԽʿɵĺֱլȥ
ַߺһͷѪʦߵǰĵ˵һ̣Ҵı
ַһ˲ŵԼһٰ߰ʿЩʿǼͷ߳ǹֱַĽˣֻǶʱ֮ڲսȴûʲô󰭣ȻǶԷ顣
ε϶ʱѿʦĻȻû˵ףȴˣǾַͬսֲò˵һ̴ñ
һ˵ַСС㣬ˣҲҵˡ
ʦŪ˵ҵȻ֪ԼҵˣҪȻ޷˵׷սˡ
ʿַͬ㣬Ǵʱһ޾ɵģôս벻սһʦʿ䡣
βûнʿȥ׷ַ㣬ǸϹȥҲѾ׷ַˣ˵׷ҲֻмϣЩеսʿǿĻˡ
忴ַ㴳ӵܱɵļǿʦɫѿ漴ͨүӵӫУүȻƽʵ𣿡
үӣַѾβµļǿʦڳҵլ
ⲻַ֣ûеĻͲ䵱ҵĶˡ
ҵİȫֻҪүĻֻҾͻȺףҵ˼ү뿪լһ㣬ֻҪû£ҵĴ㲻ᵹ
ΪɫͻȻˣЩ߰˵˵ʲôҵ˼ˣļʮӶұʾЧңѵǼʮ˺һȴҪһ˱ƵĶ𣬲Ҫ˵ˣǲ뿪լģ˵ĻĵԣЩ׸Ͻլַһս
ΪңڳǧʷȻڼ˶εĳڳеĵλԼӰȴû̫ܵ
ڽҵϼȻɵıȻжѵ£ұȱüΪ͵ʼûʧʷĳС
ĩĽ٣ǸһĻᣬΪ˸ǹִΪʷϷ˽ǧһᱻĳ˻ٵ
ȻַǸţʷϵŶˣȴûĸܹƾһ֮ٵǧµӴ
Ϊ˵լȻһЩΣգ뿪լȴǶԳٹһ޴裬ѾƿȫǣѵҪһ˱Ƶһֻһ
ϼٹǰΪɵѡ뿴ַžжƻ
Ѿǹϵһ˵棬ǹϵϼٹ⡣

ۼҴԺͻȻλ΢΢һʮеϳ˳γַΧ˹
ַϵ۽Ѿǧ㣬ڿϵ۽֮󣬸Ǵﵽ㡣
²룬һȭҲԽֻһǧĻеսʿֱ׵Ϊսپַ㻹ǴսǱ֮ȡ롣
ַ˫סѾС˼ޣѱȻף漴ΧĻеսʿնȥ
ʮʱ䣬ʮеսʿȫַնΪأΪһѷ
ַа̾Լں˼׿ǹͷ֮󣬲ŽԼڵҪȻԼɵնʮеսʿ
ΪַƬ֮նɱʮеսʿĻ棬ûо̫棬ַ㵱ڳ泱ɱĲһȣѾԵƽˡ
үַѾɱˣЩ׻ûŪǻȥһɣ
ãҲϹˣôʵսôܴ
ΪȻƽĺŹ裬Ѿɱ˼ſڵַ⣬Ĳ⣬Ǽװȴû֪Ϻƽ
Ȼһһ޴ĽֱһԾԺҵĹܼҾϲĽеŪˣһַˡ
ΪȻɫƽڵ½ȴ΢΢ϲ֮ıϾȫΡ
׿ֲս泱ĴսѾֵ˳Ȼ˶ַͨĻףʶе޵ĿֲʱΪ˶Ϊַ㿪ϵ۽Ҳǻ׵Ķ֡
ַõһ̨ףԼһһսʵǲܵģСѾ䵽ϣеĻ׶Ѿ䵽ҵĿ֮С
ַû˿ԥ߸Ծͬʱеı˻ǰİ͸ϡ
ַﵽ㣬е޼᲻ݣһȥıȻͬһͭǽ֮ϣҲǰһǰķ֣ƶûгһ
һַ̣˻׷ڲʦŪƺڳЦַԲ
ַвɵ˼׿ǹͷԼʱ˵Ǿ仰ǾһĶһףȻˡ
ʱַᵽ׿ǹͷԼڻе飬ǸˣҲᳬһǧ㣬Լϵ۽Ҳһ
ڣߴףַ㿪ϵ۽ȻܰѶԷô


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һ̨׵ұͻȻ̽һ֧ĵ⣬Ӷ⣬̩ɽѹһַ㡣
ַ޿ɱܣеıס˵·һ𣬼ַıϡ
޴ֱӽַϰֱҽˮ֮Уеǰѷĵ⣬ֻǱһССȱڣȴӰʹЧ
Ϊڿеӫ˳Ŵ˳ȥ˰嶼еַ㡣
ʦа𾪣׵ߴＸʮףǽƣͿѹַ㣬ԻǿĹղȫһ֮£ȴַӲ
ַȷͨˣȻԽƾܶԿǿĻףѵϵ۽Ȼ˿ֲ
Ȼֻһ£ַ֪׵ҪԶԶʤԼ׵ķǿĲĵز̨Ų߰ķǰԼҲ𺦲̨׷ֺ
ΪĴѾɱˣͲһͿɱѵһ
ʱ׵ĵٴ£ַͻȻˮըݵĶһߡ
̨׽׷ᣬеĵܱߵĺüøߴַͩʱҲ˻׵㣬Ǿǻ׵Ȼǿȴ㡣
Ȼˣ̨׵֮ԲǿҪΪʦĲ⣬ǻױ⣬Լ̨ףԱκ嶼Ҫ
Ȼַ̨ץԲأʱû֮Σϵ۽һرգʱֻе붼ٲˣʱֻɶԷ׸
ǣԷȻһ̨ף˵̨̨ʮ̨̨ĻףʱԼôӦ
ַ˼֮ʣ̨׵ĵٴ
ַһҪĻצ̽һѹ˻׵Ļеֱϣùԣ̨µĵ⣬˻׵Ĵϡ
һ̨̣׵ĴһӱԼеĵ̴ӴһͷԵ˵ϡ
ûĻᣬֱַ˴ڣĿΪ˵үӣڼˡ
ʱԺҵ̨ǿĻԺΪղ̨׵أһ˿֮ɫ
ǶôһˣٵʱҲһ˿Ļң˵ΪǸ׳־ˣľôȥ
ҲΪʲôѡΪԼļ̳˵ԭڣΪ֪ǸʲôҲ˵ĸ䣬ֻˣܻĻ
ûˣֻл˶ɱˣղţ֮Ծܾ뿪լĽ飬ĲΪַ㲻ɱҴԺ
̵ַ̨֮ϲŻ˶ݵĻţ̨ԺʱֹЦ⡣
ַ㣬ȻҲ㣬ҲòǸһ·֮ϣ˴Ҵ岶׽㣬벻ȻɱҲܲˣֻҪͶұ㣬ԺǻԹͼ£˵ҲǺϲ˲š
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ɱңԼҲܲˣ̨׵㣬ԶиĻԶԶϵĳﱼ
Ϊͼ˵ַ㣬ôĿĵȻΪԼַܹȴҲû;ܾҲҵǰ棬ֻҪ֪һ͹ˡ
ַ㣬㿴ɺã뿪ǵжԹһʹҲԸߵЩŮˣǸһ
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ߣЩ׵ٶٿ죬ҲַɱΪ֮ǰΪȳһҵ󺰵ַ㣬ʲôú˵㲻Ҫ嶯
ȥ˵ɡ
ַıӣֱӻΪԴϡ
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̨ײԥ׷޴ȭͷʮ׵ı˲䱻ַҲڱһ̣һڵһ㣬ӱĶԾԺ档
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ΪҺܿͻķѣԼûбҪΪᣬַϵ۽ûнڼȵı֮£ǻΪһӰ
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жĵĳԱȻַ֪֮󣬻ҴĴ
һʦԥĿģʽģʽִУ׵ٶȶʱһء
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֮󣬻ٶȥˣǵƿǰĻףΧ¥ȺʱƬ¥ȺӴֱײ顣
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вپײ̤¥ȺǼǰ泱սдŹʵĻףȴףΪʲôЩ׳ƵڳͬһͷӬһײ⻹ı
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̨׵̫󣬶ַȣ̫СԶԶȥһȺΧһֻϡ
Щǿ׳ĴȴСַСϣٴС
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֪ԼܲܰһأԼЩϵĻ֪̻ӪŮܲӹδѣⶼǸԼĵˡ
ַŨΧɽĻףȵǲɱ𣬻
̨ٴеŽϰַ㣬ȻǿֻҪ̧ţͿһṲַַ̫̋࣬ǿЩʦ˻ֲĻȻСֲַĴڡ
һ֣ɱ
̨׻ƶͬʱַ˹


124 طս
һ̨ȳַ֣һȭȥȭͷдķַͷĺڷĴƮ
ַڲ̨߱ӲƴʵʵֻҪһ̨סױûҪ
ֻԼԶԶǼףƴһʱ֮䣬̨ȻֽŲãȴҲ޷͵ֽṲַ̋ࡣ
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ȥ𱱾ǣ𳤰ǵսַ㱻ԼƵĴӣʦˬʵЦ
Ȼǲһʱ֮ɱַ㣬Ҳַ֪ϵ۽ʱƣֻҪĳʱһǱͬŰһֻһˡ
ַϵ۽ر֮ǰǲԼϷˣһַ㣬ϷˣĻһĵľǿء
ַϵ۽ڹرգи¶һ˿˸С
ѵΪԼһ̫ҡˣһҪĩһǰȻģַȴ벻ͻΧİ취ϵ۽ûйرգ̨
ɱΪׯ𡣡
һʦ־˵ַڵϵ۽ѾرգߣôĻǰַκϣ
ʦûüӦǱԶһǻƶʱŻᷢ
ʦǸɲַ㣬ŸϹæģѾˣΪսϾҪˡ
̨ͣԭأһ׵ļͷһʦϵܣˣַѾǿ֮ĩֻҪ̤һţͿ԰̤࡭
û˵ǻ⼸׽ǰͻȻ߳һţղ˵׸ȥ֮죬ȻжĻӦ
漴һ̨ױ̨һߵ÷ɳ˼ʮɣصˤ˵ϣ̨ĻҲ̨׻ȭ򷭡
һ׿˸̨ʦģֵĴеãССѾͷܳˡ
СǳĻײٿʦСĴ̨һң̨׻ҵļ϶̨Ļ׸һСţ׵ĲٿֳһŽա
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С΢΢һ㶣漴ַĻһȭһױ˹Сһǫ̃̄׵򦣬ڵء
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Сַ˵һְ߳һ߷ڵأַ뾭ԶʤЩˣ˶ԷֻһƳԷڡ
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ʻСϵĽȻսһİȫȻսУͦزǱ۵ļΪңģ
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漴ʮ̨׵ұУȫ̽һѸתźĻ⣬ַλ˹ôĻףС˵Ӧú²ŶԣǸרעĲŻ׵ģͻȻġ


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ַ֪׵ǿٶȣ׵ٶԽ죬ҲԽǿ
ղַڿٶȳ״̬֮󣬻ȭͷϵıﵽ֮࣬һȭٶĻס
ԷĻҲ״̬¿񱼶ӴײһŽԷһȭС
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ҲΪʲôڻϿ̨ʻĻײһ𣬿Իһصԭˡ
һЩļУһż״СʯԽһͳг׻٣һͨʯͷھ֮ƻԶں˵֮ϣ⿿ĵȻҲٶĻ
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ʣľ̨ףΧסַ֮ٶѾַҪһȭԷĻױѾǺ޿ܣַȻбʤľġ
̨׾ַ˺һᣬǻûдַղһȭлعֱ˿̣Ȼ벻ףΪʲôһĻףڲһУȴôĲࡣ
˵棬ַսϵ۽ɨһУǵ˻֮ڣȫһϣַȴȻɱǵͽ벻ͨˡ
ԶԶȥ̨һ̨ڽŵĶţΨһԿַڲַͬĻУһѼΪıŵ綯⡣
ַĻǵĸ߶޼ʦַԣȻŵһȵĸоȻˣҲֻǵĸоѡ
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ַеıͻȻһᣬ̨׵ĵ֮ϣٶЯӲǰ̨Ƴ߰˲ԶַĻ׵Ľ·˸һ˿δ
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ɫ԰ףҪŻµСַε˵Ļżеʲôףûꣿ
Сյżһ͵Ļ׹ֻҪԭ㹻ͿԶԶϵĻӦûģװףҵżѾҿƣȻĻײ࣬Ҫҳ߰ʮ̨еġ
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СͻȻɫһִ磬̨ͻȻ˺ܶ㣬ѵǱ̶ڳͷĴͼˣ
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ΪܹڽǧʷңȻôöԸģΪˣҶԳǵĿȻСӡ
ܰɣһĻ׷һԼڴУԽԼСƬȻԼҲˣСŮԼһδźҲΪС䣬һķ羰ԼҪƴˡ
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126 
ַСˣ˳಻ɽȥһɭҵٶҲҲԼټ
ͻȻǰһͷ;޴Ĺޣס˵ȥ·ͷڷʵѪ֮˷ܵĴһѸٳַ˹
ͷַ֪˵ͷ죬ֻҪɵַ㣬һҲܲȥֵĿѡַ㡣
ͷޣѪ˹Сŵþ˫֣һסԼʹԼԷĿֲģ
ҲСǱʶΪסԼ޾ȻҲ˺ɡ
ַЦЦֻмٵʿ˹ޣҲųСǳ֮Ůĩûгԣ˲Ż³
ַھͷЩѲȻֻаǧԼȴֻǧ
ǰȻһͷ޷ϣڣϵ۽Ѿرգھһս֮ƣ
ССȻ޳СֺĻʧɫʹַԼбҪ
ĩǰСһ߸ϵĹĩļ巴ĩǰӷ⣬ûоһѪս
һŮΪԼȴһ̨̨ǿĻսԼȳվʱΪ˾Լ˶
ˣԼΪʲôӦõġ
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ַôһ˵СҲĲˣУǿȫΪһƬ죬ֻҪڣͲһмա
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ַ㳯Լͷǲм֮ɫǰǧ㣬ַһ࣬ԼŰַֻ׾ٵ顣
ղҲȻ۲ΧֻʳûĺԮϹԼãһӵõεζ
ͷιҲѸٳַ˹ȥͬʱ¶˲̵ı飬·һ̣Ϳҧַĺεʢˡ
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Ҫ˵ַϵʱַͻȻӰֻͷһԭַԴȥˡ
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ڣǶԸһͷǧĹޣȴԼ˸ǺԼ̫ҪǿС
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ҲܲԼ飬ǰΣأƺʺ̸˵Ұ͵顣
볤ѾԶˣҵӦҲ෴ߵĻ˵ǿĹޣǻһ°ɡ
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СǰַȻǾ伫ΪĻοеŮ£һأ


127 
ֳַ΢΢һָгһƬգַƣ˵
ַ֪һǵʱ̣ҪȻҲųһ͵˵ϡ
׵ƤëһȾʵҲǰԸ·һ߹ĵͻȻٵ˼䡣
ǿ˿Ĺһۣ΢ƲƲ죬һûаѶԷ
Ŀ漴ַ㣬¶ŮЦݣҲΪɵ˵ˣһش꣬սӢˣϽҳˡ
С۾ŬԱеľȣʵˣѵǿһֻޣ
ַ˵ͷдһ˿ᣬһ˵Ҹɵǡ
ЦеĿַ㣬뷨ȴһ뷨ַԽԽǿˣԼĻԺҲ̵޴ĺô
һ뷨ȴջǾڵַ㼫սǱ֮УַָĹսǵһμַ
ַϵ۽ѾرգַĻѾٻҲһߣɽ֣ԼɱԺͿԻָˣԼɱҲԽЩ޵ݳԵַ㡣
һʱ֮䣬˾ҵĶ֮УнɱЩޣȻ⣬һĻ˵Ҳɱַħɫ۾˸ȴЩԾϡ
ַĬһȴȥ
ȻѲ⣬սǱʱ򣬲żǧսǱ֮УԸֹ޵ʬΪʳͻ㡣
ԼҪˣȴѷѵ˼ȻԼãַеɷͻȻŨҵжʱһиһ˿õԤС
ѵַ㻹еѾƣֻǧȻҷԼѵжԸԼĺУ˲ŲԼķѣ
ղѾҪֶԸַˣô˵ԼҲǱôַеɷַ㳤ѹеãԾĺ˺üͬʱ΢Ĳ
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СħսǱ֮ŰԼǷŭǵӣԼѾսǱҲСѾͷˣҲҶӡ
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ַһֱֻ˳Сװ룬׽סһֻɰСãЦвҲϣһڳ𣿡


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ַϵ۽иһѳ׶೤ΪıϵǲѸ


129 Ҫ²
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ʦлͷһ۵ĻһӵĿΪַڰһ˲䣬ϵ۽ǡùرա
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130 Ⱥ
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Ȼַףܿ˶ԷܶĹĻ׻ܵС𣬻׵Ļ½˰ٷ֮ʮҡ
ַܹȡսѾǺܻԻˡ
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ַĿǰĲˮƽԷӳı޶޷вڳ泱ȫϡ
ַŲЩǧĳҲ𺦲˻׵ǡ
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ַ㿪ĵ״̬Ļȫ׾ٵ˦Щףȴûô
ͨǿҵӦַѾ˲ԶһһɼǿϢǴ޾ۼζݺЩһѣյ֮С
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ͻȻһ̨ӴĺϽ޴ǵͷԾм̨ĺϽ޸ϵԣеı׿ǹж¶˳޵Ŀ⡣
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ԭַǹġ
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һ̣ʦԴֱӱͷҧʦľʱѪ޵Ľ˻ʦԴһ߽һ
ҽҽҽԴϽҵǰ֫


131 ɱس
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üֻǿļ׿ǹֿпֻɫҺ壬ЩʦȻɫ
ǹȥӫϾʦֻɫҺУʴĻ׽
һЩɫҺļ׿ǹ֣Щʦһŵûɢ֮ززϧЩ¶ҪɱЩ࣬ôߡ
սУϵлױɫҺУڻ׸ʴأɱڻսУҲдĹޱЩеĵ⿳ࡣ
Сʱ֮Ⱥ⵽ش֮󣬾ޱڴˣʣµһٲ֣ɭ
һս֧Сӿ˵ʧأֻʣµ̨ף̨ҲأҡҡλΣȥһ
һʦŭ˵ַ㣬ħġ
ձɵļһ㲻ú
ǼҴĻʦ׷
ַ㳤Цǫ̂ףΧһˣѵͲձˣ
˵仰ַףԶȥ
Ȼ֪Լǰٵ⼸̨شĻֻСһȴûг֣ЩѾˣܲ߳ﻹ˵Լαضһ٣նɱأǸղȺѪսҲΪһЩס
Щܵش֮Ѿʧȥ׷ַˡ
ִ磬ȥ
ССһ߸ַĺ󱳣һߵʵַû̫ĳɣֱӽӿڵسǡ
ʼղţûΪһܿסǣԼ˳ǣҲػأ˵Ҳ̻˵İΣϻȥ
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һ˫ͻ̻⼸ǧˣǳǴĶֻ֣·ӪļǧŮ֮ᱻɱɾַźԥĳӪפرȥ
һǣ⵽˽ʮ̨׵Χ
µַҲٶˣЩ״սһҲĺҡ
Ի׵һڳＤս֪ж޹ƽ꼰ȻַΪһˣҪ˰ȴ첻
ַ㿪Żף˳⣬㵽˲ûװͼڵıţЩ׾һս
ַ㿴Сһۣһᶨ˵ҲˣҲܸɵȺ׵ĻǾͽǸɵҰɣزصӹ̫ˡСҲͬҵĴС㣬뿪׵Ļץɱ㣬ڻ棬ȴʱΣգ硭
һΣգȴ빲˭ұŮˣ
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پȻ˳ͷϣǿųµĻ״սܶȻȻľַ㵱뻢Ѩնɱͷ׿ǹͷһ
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һ̨̨׵սУپһ˿߷߲ƽӵǿĻףӦ޻ӦԳ泱սдŹʡ
ڣȴΪ׷ɱһӢ۶˷ɱУһУǳ
ӫڣһ̨ױˣһ̨ױˣÿһ̨׵£ĶҵĶһ£ַΪʲôôǿ
ַһˣٵյȫףһΣҵĶʮ̨ȫӦøÿԸɵַɡ
߬ȭͷֻҪɵַ㣬»ٵеĻҲﳬֵԺ죬ֻҪַ˾ͺá
ΪԴַƵĻ棬еŭʧȥүӵңұͬһʧȥʬ⣬еľ֮ԸҶԼΥǾΪүѾˣԼסֲŻôġ
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ǵľ˾佱ԼȥΪµĺͣٽһ˿Ժı飬ͷ˵Ӧģһˣ͸ñ
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СǱϵİȫյĴ̨׼ַĻڵ˵ϣĻеŻ̧𣬶ַ̨׵ˮ֣һ̤ȥ
ַ׵ķѾ½֪ķܲܵס̨þȫһţ̨׵ˮ޷ס׵ĹĻԼСᱻ̨һ̤ࡣ
̨׵ĻеȿҪ֮ʱԶһһ޴Ĺֱӻ̨׵Ĵϡ
ַдһǹ̶ڳͷĴͼڷĹԻ׵ķֻҪˣҪٽˡ
Ǹûش͵ļΪʲôͻȻ˹
Ǿ˹ĿӦԼŶԣȴΪʲô˶ĻϣѵǼڵĲʦƫ˷
ڹĺ֮£ղ̨׵ĴֱӱըϣţһŹ˹ֱӽ̨׵Դˡ
׵ĸӦϵͳԴ׵ͷܵػ̨׵һûʬһ㣬һˤǫַ̃׵ĲԶ


132 ҵĩ·
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̧е⿳ַһ̨̣׵ĺϽԴֱӱĹ򱬣ӴĻˤڵء
ַһ벻ԶĴͼڵĿ겢ԼڵĿԼĻʧһΣôʧڶΡ
ԶļΪʲôͻȻԼأѵңѵԽ
лԭش߾͵غɱ
ԶһַͣԭһδȻڿĵ״̬ԶڵĺڵĻ̫㿪ĵ״̬Ҳ
˵ղŵļڰԼԼαҶأ
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133 ̼ϵŮŮ
ϵܣܹƽϢҵңɶˣסյĻףҪҵеһȴҲ
ԽϹŻϵ΢ЦԽַ˵ҵļ¶עı顣
ڵַ̫ǿˣ볤ӪĻʹǵʵһ̨ףֲ泱Ҷľ޴ʧ
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Щ߸ϵȨı֮ʿȫһǲٿصĹ߶ѣЩǾͻݡ
˸ǵȷԣǵԥ䵽ЩͨյͷϣºһǧַΪԼпѡ
ҲһЩǴĿ֣˵ܱɱһҵ˶ûʲôͬЩֻײͨİգʹһѹסͷЩǡ
˭ɱЩͨնֵļ˷ܣŸַĿںš
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벻ҵĺĳԱ֮ǰö񶾵ĿݺݶԽַԼҵļĿ⣬˶е˲
ǾĹԱҵļȻղ̸Цǵĺ鲢ûҺĳԱԹ޵ĿУֳһ˿Ĳ
ֵܹλˣĸвմѪͬѪ˲ŲκκݶĿ⡣
ַһʮ֮ãһҲ˼ΪѪȵһ꣬ûҳԱ񶾵Ŀϣȥľַ㣬׺ݵĿҲɱˡ
̨µİոǷ˾춯صĻ·𿴵һʢ̨磬ڿ̨ĸ֮߳ŷַĵĻ
һǧҺĳԱ׷ǹ֮߰˰ŮŮǣвʮµĶͯǶƵ˽̼¡
˵忼ǣЩŮͯǣԲִѪȵǹǱϽ̼ܣٿŮ˼ţ˽̼ܡ
ЩŮŮЩͯУǿַ۾жĳޣΪַĵǲŻ룬ǵĺҲǷġ
һַҲоĳ˿еŮŮЩǱ˷ſĻǻԥ˵ַǰ˺壬Ѫ⣬ȹϵѪַеһ˿
ҵĺĳԱǱǹɱַҲûиоʲôףϾЩңǶЩ޹ŮͯǣַжһЩꡣ
һ֨֨ЩŮŮǱߵ˽µĵʯ£ЩŮŮǵľǱִֵ֨֨죬ǰ׻ȸڿƴĵųţƺͿԼϵʹࡣ
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ЩŮľִֵ˾ǣ¶մƴĳ鴤һЩǣҲõŮϷй֮е
Χ۵ΪڸԼеȴһʹϧģ
ϧˣôƯŮôˡ
ѽŸոճɾˡ
ܵõһôƯŮĻ챻ūҲֵá
磬ŮҲ۾Ȼɱ֮ʱ˿Ŀ־壬ЩŮͯı³Ȼеʹѡ
Ķ֣ʤҲһ̾ϢȻкܺң䵽ҵ³ȻЩͬЩƵŮͯǡ
̻ƽĿһУͬʱеԼͷĳأԼʧˣԼߵŮҲǰŮһ³ԼһҪǿ
ʽҪʱԽͻȻַ˵ϵܣûҪǳأ
ַԽ⻰дǿҵţɵԽĿƺΪԼΪʲôأ


134 ϸ
Ȼ˵ﲢֻҪڱܶû䣬ұȥ˵˾һģﱻа񲻱˳Ц
ԽԴĿ˵ϵڱеģǲǺǾ˵ˣҵʱϳõһ֧¼ʣ˾ƵĶԻ¼֤ǣǰЩƷȡҵֵ֧˼ѵϵ˵𣿡
ַͷȻû֧¼ﶫ׵ȴԽûƭ
Դ֧ʹǣ㲻ͣ⵽ҵϮɱɧţȻ˵ڳӴΪΪԼʹŵ˱Ͼűǵ档
ûЭĻҾĿŵĶԸԼԼߵˣԽó֧¼ʣ֤ʵԼʹڵһ뷨ѡ
ַĬԽ˵֪ϵɵˣصǣȴľʲô£뱱ǵλ˾ΪάԼȨҲ᲻ֶεĶԸģڻȥʲôǵѡ񡣡
᲻̻λ֪Ļ˾һҿԱ֤˾ҳǵݵλȱǵͣʹŵˣڳܵƵİá
ַҲԽģȻڳǣԼ˳ǲһȥ·Լ˶һ㣬˵ԼҲȥòĶƻôԸԼôΪԼѡ
ΪˣЩѡԶѡӱܡ
ԽԶСһۣζ˵֪㲻Ը˾ĺ֪ص˱ֶԵȹС𣿡
Խ˵СԶСķȥСĿҲַĿַӴ֮󣬲ɬĵͷ
ȥȣüĿС˿̱ǰ˪˸о޷ӽģһջ
ϵܣֻҪڳǣұ㱣ýҲ빲ϲԵɾһμѻȻˣĩҲȢҲȢƯŮȢ֮󣬻ԵõҵӴҲĩдһԼҵ
Խ⻰κˣޱױȵջСƯȻϸ˵ǧ۵Сģأĵ˾ǲˣټļҲĵƷӲˣַǰߡ
־ֻһŮ˭ȢСԵõĻ䣬ԵõӴļҲҵʶȨ۷塣
κȢСаһɫŮޱߵȨĸܾܾˣ˵ַûдСƢСҲȷϲ
ַȴԼ˳ǣԼǳСɫҵļҲȥģҲΪԼΪ˵õȨԼɫࡣ
ַҡҡͷ˵˾ҿԶ˵ҵȷϲСҵļҵȴϣĿǰȴڳǣδңұѡ뿪
ַȻϲС֣ȴҵЩԴƾԼٶԴҲԵõҪŮ˵ظԴ
ղԽ飬̻వַŮжζ
ҲܷСַΣյʱŮ߻ףһеľַ㣬ҲΪַҲܾġ
ַȴƫƫܾˣһ˿οͬʱСĻòеϧ
Խ飬Ȼ̻иеܲǻò
ʱѾԽŭĿˣ˫ưĴ۾͸ǿҵı֮⣬ҿַûдӦԽ飬ҪȻ᲻˳ϵĴ
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ַһǷ˵˾볤ǵЭѾǩ泱ҵҲѾһˣҲˡ
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ַҲС룬жЩ˸Уûвκβף̻һ˵ŷ⻹Ǹ⡣
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ַ㳤ЦĻǧټƵİƭͼıһ㡣
СһЦľ˵ôĿĴӢ۲սһұˣ˲иж
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ʱСŬʹԼ᲻뿪Զһȴ档
һ𣬲֪ǲԶľڹǿ֮ľҲңÿ춼жǿ䡣
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Űɣ꣬Ҳ᳤ģҲˮָԶҲҡ
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ҿû˵ʲô˵˵Ҳ˵ȥǸŮˣȴûӰʲôԺ
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̧ͷǰǰ汱ǵĳ¥ѾңңˣЩҲ̤µ;


136 ʷǰѧԺ
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ȻǰľַĿ⣬ȴûǰ飬ʹַ˲١
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ܹ֮ڶ̶̼֮У˽һҪҲǵѪѧԺ
ַ̾һڵԼսʿ֮УҲһĴˣ̫͵ǿȣֱĲˡ
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ַȴҶ϶ڵĳɾһѧԺ޹أѧԺһֻŮӡ
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Լ˱ǣԼ̬ȴ̫飬ڷ繫һϸҵԼƣԼ˵ĻԺٱǻˡ

ַûж˵˵һ֡
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벻ַսǿ˵زȻ԰ǧɱǧĴڡ
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ȻַɱѧԺһӣЩ˵ȴûκηŭı飬Ϊ̫͵ǿߣµ̫ǿսʿжǲΪĴڡ
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ʲôַҵ˶ɱˣȥַҪַߵնɱҲ֪Һڷ繫᲻Ǻǵġ
ڷ繫Ļ᳤׷ײƽ˵
᳤ɣַ㵱ɽ̨Ӯ˱ǵһǿߵĳƺţһУ˳볤ǵĽ񣬶ڳڣǽǿһ򾡣Ǻڷ繫ȻǿȴҲδǿĳңҪشźá
һϷԣüȻϲ⻰漴Ŀ⿴Լһʮֳŵȥ
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ͷ˵ɳ˵ĲϺڷ繫и֣ȥַַͬһ򾡡
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ٸװҾǻֺû᳤ôˣûǸ¾ͲҪĽңֺû᳤ԵõĺôڹԺôƨ£
˵ﳤȥ֮нȨƵλֺúȻԹǰ;ģȴһ£ǾԼŪ˺죬ںڷ繫ֱϡ
ַǲǺǿ󣬷в֣Լαعôأ

ַ㣬ҹүүһԴ
ַ˴󺰴Уת˵ȥһ£
ĶȥһС֮󣬷Ц˵ϴ󣬿ֿսˣڷ繫ɱˡ
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ҪַûоܾʹŻص̻֮ȥ˵ȴַﲻߡ
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ҲԾԾԵ˵ϸ磬Ҳȥ
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һ⻰һûڵزоַеڷ繫ĳϣһϵĴﵽ˾ǧ㣬ȴַһԴһڿϵ۽֮Ȼַɱ
Լǰַ㽻֣ȥ
ʱԺԼĶǺˣֲҲһת
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ĶַôãҲǰˣͲ³СӲַ㶯֣ŵյҪԼ֡
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138 ͻһܾ
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ĶĳܿɵСƬȻһŷɳ磬ڷ繫ĺܶඥǿ߶ûпһô߳ġ
ȴݵշ˳ȥ
ɵڿз˺һᣬԴŲĵײ˼ɽϣڷ繫С֮Ƶɶʱײ˸Խѡ
ַɫ䣬ղһǾͿ˵սĶȲԶˣǶֲ⡣
ڷ繫һɧ
ĶɶǧŽһУɱ㱻ĶŰ벻ַһôĽɫôַҲ͸öԸˡ
ַҲǰԸ̾ȻղսʿɽѧԺǿǿǧ㣬ûоսս˵һͿһֲŻᱻĶ׵ɱ
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˭ҵѾͷϽһȥıүһС㣬б˵۸С
ǰͣ˵УԼСŮ֣δʧݡ
ӣķϻôôࣿ
ϵͻȻֱ󺺵ĺһѩɻϣʱ󺺵պԵڵء
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ڷ繫ļʮǿ߷׷װγ˵ŵ΢΢ٴαǰһסˡ
ղĶһ֮䣬ɱµɣڷ繫֮Ҳʵ
ǶʮСŮȴҲɱﵽǧǿߣûܹһ㣬һεεСŮȸղҪһЩǰڷ繫˻ΪСŮֵĻԴС
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һϸ΢иһǧսʿַһնֱۣĵڶȥһսʿֽϡ
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ʱ˿̣µĻԱǲϵĸԼƨֱַԼĽڽڰˣʱĴЦ·ɱַֻת֮顣
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˴֣ڳǱ˳һˣȻҪָ˵
µϸҲ̫˵˾Ϊ볤Ǵɽ˵Э飬ųǣģҲüƽϡ
ַ̾һȫվһȥˣȻ˵˱ҪܵͷҾ仰
ַ֣˾֮ЩЭҲΪ볤ǿһˣȻ¶㲻ƽȴԱ볤ǵľо޴ĺôƽˣ볤ֽѣⲻǽԴϲĽΪʲô㻹ƽأ
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˾֮󣬶ַк·ݺַûз
ַͻȻ֣ȥм仰򶫷˾ʸס
û˵ַ֪ĿֲԼﱣƣַֻһָͿҪ˶Ƶ
Ƕƴȵ˵ȥɣҲϵܺú̸һ̸
Ȼü˵ϵҪɱҵĻҲֹˣҪ룬ȥɣ


140 ǿҲ̰
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ƽӹ¼ʣ붫ƵּۻҪɱַ㣬Ҳǳ뱱ǽ˵֮һ
һʼԣ˫òжƸַ̻ƭǣԼֶԸַ㣬ΪرȻӦȫƶ뱱ǵĽˡ
ƾ¼ܾû˵ǵȼһ̲˼ڣУɫѿ
˾㲻˵֧¼һ߳Ǿİɣ
ҳϵȷ棬Ҳ˵Щ
ַ˵ͷƵҲЩȣ֮󣬱ʵʱٻϣ£Ҳİõѳͷ
˾㽫ӪǧŮҵħצʱǷڹԼľ
ڲҲ֪֪ԼʱѾѡȫϣ֮һɢɳľȥĽҲĳȺ󱻹޹ƣǻҲ֡
ƶһ˵ڣѡ֮ʱȻô뱱ǣΪľǿϣ֮ǣһˣȫľھǵֿ޵ʿôҲӪŮǲƽյĿȴΪ˽ȫĵŽϵйޣһУΪһΰ롣
ַ¶˳֮ɫ̶һΪ룬ͿԽԼĲ»սȫڸԼµʹԼվڴ
񼫵˴֮󣬶˵ΪŻôģӳͷˡ
£ЩԼжһ֮ʱжȥһС
ַȴһУ˵˾ҲжôûʵΪԼѣԼĲսѣΪȴǲ۲۵ķ࣬Ҳͣ˵ԼΪĽģֻ֪һô죿
ǼҺиȾ˵ʹŵ˲˳ʹ񣬷ƽһеĲ죬ºɣֻҪеĹޱ㲻롣
ϵģַѽǰ밵Щ޳ܹϵһҲǾһ׷ԭɣƫƫˡ
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Ҫȫǵ˹£ʱȫǵʿԭΪĻȻԲټƽ£ǵ˾
ҡҡͷ˵ⲻܣ
ַЦ¶ֻ᲻Ȩ鴫ȥȫǵ˶㣬ʱ㽫һС
ҲʧȥȨȴʧȥȨ֮޷Լ롣
Ҫ뵱ƣû㣬̫ճ𣬱ǻǱǡ
ĳĬַ˵ǰ֣Ͳһŭ֮ɱ𣿡
㲻ôκ¶ὲģҲ̸֪֮󣬶׷ԭɱңʹңͻΪȨ໥ɱ뿴Ľɱҡ
ַ˵ĺܶԣߵʱתԶ˵Զ޷úڰڸǣȻɱ㣬Ὣ鹫ڵġ
ַ޷˵ˣ֪һ̣Լ붫ʽֵˣԺߵȫͬ·
ַԶȥıӰֵȼһ֧̣˲֪ǣλ˾ƽʱ̣ɽȴһֱûжϹ
ַϣǿ˹ȥԼӰӣڶޢᣬΪЭԼǲ֪ʲôʱʼҲѧΪ˴ﵽĿĶϵЭЭĹУµ߲Ϻˡ
ǲʼЭҲزˡ
˹þò˵ַ̫̫ˣΪƾмһǻѪͿκ飬е硣
˼ı˵룬Щ£ǲˣ
˾ǧҪô룬ȻҲǰҲãȴˣ˾Ϊ˻ĵδ踺أ˺ܶĲֲò顭бҪĻҿ˾ַֽ㡣
΢΢һ˿ɾ˵⻰ľʱһ˿Ϊе룬ᱬ˼Ŀֲ
ߣΪ룬ʲô鰮鶼һߣԼһ˼ȿֲɱ˻
̲סʴ𣺡ַѣ
Ǻѡͬͬ·ҲŻֻҪǼԼǶԵģ͸޷˵ȥҪ˵ԼһλѣΪ룬Լʱ
ͬͬ·ƽ仰˼飬Լַȷͬͬ·ȻǵĿɱеĹޣĴͬ磬ȴ˽Ȼͬĵ·
·ϣѡЭ¸Լνף𲽵ԼĿеһߣַһЭǿ̬֮ҲԼеĿȥ
˵ַĵ·ǴģЭΪʲôַȴҲһԼĿأ
ƣ˵ٵȵȰɣҲʱס

ûлصԼסַͻȻһĿĹâסһ˵״̬
ַ㰵вãھҪɱԼˣԶƵѣֵĻȻһȴûг֣Ƭģ֮ȫ䱸
еΪʲôû¶棿

һһܹӵĳۣϵ·װ˻Щյ룬һͷڹ⻬ĺڷԺϴ˵ĽԸ·ַ㶼һ϶Էһ۶Եݳޡ
ϵƼΪǿַ֪еǿߣѧԺʷǰࡣ
ַһ߰Խ䱸һߵ벻ΪɱңȻѧԺĸֳ֣
˭˵Ƕģ϶ûб뵽Ϊ
ַͷѧԺУ漫Ϊϸһ涨Ǿ̫͵Զ֣ҪȻܵżɵƲã˵ĿƺҲǶġ
ʷǰԸȻҪԼǰ˵ѣǶģȴΪʲôԼ°Ƭأ
ʷǰǿ߿ַһ˵ˣҶûж⣬ĸҼĿĺܼ򵥣ǾΪӡ
Ϊӣ
ַ˼֮УѧԺеǿ࣬ԽԪռĿı֮ѰҴ֮ʿǵѧԺѵԼǹƥڷ繫ɱ˸仨ˮλʷǰǿߵע⣬ԼôоԼЩĲأ
ͻȻӿһǿͻȻﵽ֮ࡣ
ַ㲪Ȼɫʷǰǿвû˾ϵ۽ղʾıˡ
뿪ϵ۽ͬѧԺǿǣϿϵ۽ĳսʿЩսʿǿһҲɱԷ
ʵ뿿ҩαҲ˵ڿϵ۽֮󣬳ַﵽʮ㣬ʷǰǿһսʵ
ھǧ¿ϵ۽Ҳ㣬ʷǰǿߵĶ֡
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ַеľѪѧԺңһҲ֪һ㣬ѪѧԺĵλЩȥڳĵλ
ڵ̫͵żУǸʷǰྴĴڣѪѧԺ֮ıȻԽԼѪѧԺΪʲôԼ۵أ
ѵ˵ΪԼ˧һԼƻѪѧԺĹأҪԼһֱӴѧԺ
Ҫĵӣûİɣ
˴Ĵָ޵еˣȻ͸ޱȣȴ´ˣΪͽܣǿǱͼıʲô
ˣϽʦɣΪʦЯǸС͵żռ䣬ǰѱһ͸ҺˣҲͽܵĹء
ַЦһסԼڣԭǿԼϵսǱ룬֮ԼŪ
ԼΪͽҲĽڰˣѧԺ֮УϽµĵı䱦涨ģǻġ
סԼɱ˽ٲ֮ģֻҪԼսǱ֮ɱԼ˭֪ɱԽ顣
ԼΪͽƭԼˣֻҪԼսǱһ̾ͻֱϮɱԼ
ַҡҡͷ˵ѧǳµͽܣҿ»˰ɣ
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ȴûǿһ㣬ȻƬռеˡ
ַ㰵жٲµַе뷨аŭ
УַǸ۵ϣֻȴҧͷ󣬵Ŀôܽ첻أвŴڵõַսǱ֮ɱַ㡣
ַ㣬ҵ޵ģٲʦݹ顣
Ŀ죬ַҲ֪ԼǧûǿֻۣԼûж֣㱻ԷһƸˡ
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гһƬգֱַ֮С
ûгַ㲻ǸСϣǰѱԼƴԼҲһַˣС


141 
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Цݿ䣬ȴҲ㣬ħȴ¶һΪɰɵ
ַżܹŪԼĲɵΪʲôϴһһ˧أָףԸеģ۵Ĵ߶̾
һȥ
ַڿûֽ˻Ƥƨ
߹˵ˣǸòƺǿֻһѱǴ˳⡣
ԭֱѾˣַ΢΢һ벻Ƭ֮䣬ÿռ˺Լ˳⣬˵ֶεҲ
ֻ֪İԼҰ⣬֪˶ԶԼûģԼ⣬ĿĵȻڵԼսǱ֮ɱԼ
ϡٵҰ⣬ʺɱԽĹˣԼԼżпܴȥҲܵѪѧԺĳͷ
ղ֮Բ֣⵱ȻĴûдԼѧβżŲԼ
һԼʦǿԼż뽻Լûа취ԣҪȻԼʦ档
ѧԺ֮Уһ˵жǿҲԼʦҪȻܵѧԺĳͷ
ַҲΪʦżսǱȻɴСǱȴ޷ƶҪȻַ֮ززˡ
һСһȥ˷ܵʵϴһҪսһ𣿡
ţһѡ
ҪѽˣôǿҿɸɲҲֻءϴҴˣҲ˵ˡ
ַûȻ֪̫Զıﵽ㣬յ̫͵ı׼ÿһһҲ弶ʷǰǿˡ
弶ʷǰǿߣȻڵ̫͵ż㲻ʲôڱʷǰУҲһĴˣ˾Сӡ
Ĵ۾˵ĪǸνնԸǸ˰ɣ
Ҳ֪νգ
׵ȻӰеıνգνǻۼߵĴڣǱ˲û֮ûεĺϵ˵ıУżʷǰ֮ǰӦûйرνյĵӰô֪ôࣿ
˵ǴܸҵģԵУвٹⷽļ䡣
ַĿ⣬ͻȻ棬ֻǰצģ򵹵ģ˵ءϴҷԴӸ֮󣬾ûгԹһˣЩ䶼ûʶ֮ǰɵˣϴ㲻Ҫҡ
ַ㵽˴Ż׵żУָ̨׵Ľǣ̨׵ʵԱԼǰĻҪ߼࣬ǸǴﵽʮķ̨׵ĶӦҲԶԶװɣ
С͸Լﲻνǧ֮⣬һŮַָ̾һ
Ĵַ㣬ȥôãһѽȡǲҪܣŭӣһְżȫˡ
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ԣⲻҲ͸ԼĺµϣƺҲн࣬
һ̣һʮ׸ߵľ˴
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ԭ޴Ľһ̨ף˵Ǳߵżгһֽл׵ǿòǴ˵еؽգַıһ̨ˡ
̨ձݵĳԼ¶һ˿Ц⣬ַ㵹ҲТ˳Լûʽͽܣ㿪ŻТԼˣԼó˱һ̨ؽա
̨׵ķȵѪѧԺʮǿߵʣԼŲ㣬Ҳ弶ǿߣԼһﵽʮĸصѪѧԺĻһһӵ顣
ַΪͽܣƭٿżķɱٻʬ𼣣û뵽ַôűҪĻ͸Լá
ʱַһЩøУⲢ˵Źַ㣬ַ㵱ͽܣʦͽܵı鴫ȥĻΪ˳Ц
ַôԵķϣԼżͲɱˣԼֽŽٸͷʹ޷й¶ȥһҰҲһ͡
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ͽˣ㲻ѽң͸һţԺߴһʮҲܴ𣬹
ַڻһͷԵĸһܣԼһ̨ǿĻףлûбҪһǿɣ
Ȼнǿ֮Ҳ޽Уڱǵʷǰ֮Ҳһ
ڵ̫͵żУȴ㲻϶˲Ĵڣңڵ̫͵ԪռУȴһɼΪӴ
˵ڼıӻ֮£ô춼ûһۣѪѧԺ֮Уͬѧа߸ŮѣºҲᱻҵǿǴҵͷ硣
΢ĺǻѪѧԺ֮УȫǸ漶ĴڣŲַⲻơ
УﱾǸø׼ġ
ԼҪַַҲӦڹԹһżебϴɾԼĲ֮󣬵ԼһȥҪȻҵ˱Ĳ
ϧȴˣǵ̫ͣǵ̫еѪѧԺַһɱ񣬷ɱľͽȻ
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ַŻףʮ׶೤ıֱӳϿȥ׵߽ʮףȴֻңȣǾǰһ٪壬ַȴС٪塣
ַ˵ãȻɵƵȥӻеıеıķϮʱŲЩ
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쵰һĶҲ̫ͷ϶ԼղŻŹһȴԼ˵ʲôҲˡ
̨׵һ֮ȻҲﵽԼΪᱻַһԴݵһߣַƿڴ
ַ㣬ȻϮˣҽ㲻ú㣬ʶˣһŹŰɣ
ַ㰵ģô˵ǱԼƴַȻ;޴󣬵ȴ˿͡
ꡣ
ַһһֻ첲֧첲֮󣬸ʹ
ڰһԺ󣬸ղŶϵֱۿɼٶȣѸٳ˳
ַһ˿ɫ벻ѵľȻǶ֫ܣܿ˵Ϊټʮ󶥼֮һһ֮УַӵܵǿߣҲᳬˡ
ܣֽ֮ѸٳǱնԴߴ̴࣬ҪȻܵ˾
Ȼˣֱ۱նµֱ۳ĹУڴʿٵ½
Ȼֶ֫Ҳıȱ㣬ܵĺôȣӵ˺üЩȱǼֱֵһᡣ
ķŭˣַһ㣬̨׵İȻնһֻ첲
ַ㣬ҾĲ㣬ҷһҪǧвܳš
еַ㿴񿴸ӣ˵񿴸һ㿴Ÿһ㣬ԼĻǵķнʮ㣬ƶʱǴﵽ˽֮ࡣ
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ǵֵز֪㲻ʧܣȥڿԺЦȪˣڵȵһţǵˣ


142 
ˢ
еıͬһѷ׶ӣֱӴ̴˶ԷļͷֱӶ˵ϣھͱĳ£ʯϵͬһ̴СһƴΧų
챻ַ֮Ȼ¶ĺַ㣬ҶһëѪѧԺң˺Ƭһ˶Ϊ޴жᣬԿ
ȻַıѹƣȻʧűɫ·ΪԼ˿̵ĶźЧֻҪԼļ壬ַͻŵùġ
Ҳѹô룬̫̫ȻһʱڣֻҪԼܵһ˺ԼļᴩԽԪռ䣬еĵ̫Ϳռ䣬ַԼչı
µѾеһ⣬ţѵΪԼļ˲𣬲ҪΪж֫ļڱбǮţһŲȱ֪࣬㻹ܲڳһ
ʱҲоЩͷƺоַеɱѵǸӣҪ˵ĵ̫ͣڵ̫͵ĿռڣҶһǿ߲Ĵڡ
±ǿʮǿߣҲĶ棬ҪȻ̫Уû֮أΪʲô£ˣǵ̫͵֪ҵĴڡ
˿̵ַ㣬ƺûаļ֪ԼļжôĿֲЩ˵ַ㣬ݣڷſңôˡ
ڷĻȴһ˿͵ζ·Ժַ鷳ַ͸ոˣ˿̵ַȴ¶һ˿Ū
ſ㣬ǷŻɽ𣿡
ôɵҪԼѾ𣬲һԼôܷŹأʵַ㣬жԶƨ
˿ȷвԼƽϵ˼Σգ֮Ʊػ߳ŭʱҪڣԼǺް취
Լֻ֣Ҫ¶˼һЩֺҵǿҲɱԼֺңȻѧԺϽ̫͵ǿ̫͵ཻ֣ǲ׼ɱ̫͵ࡣ
ǵ̫̫̫͵ǿɱֻ࣬Ҫɵĸɾһۼֵ˱㲻ܵʷǰ͵Լ
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ֻɱڣַ㲢й¶ȥΪԼżһѡΪƫƧĵط֣ǿļӡ
ôҲΪԼɱṩ˱
׵Ļеȸ߸̧ľˣôΪ˸ɱ̫͵࣬иһĴڣûЩС˺
ַȴ޳ܣżвôһһߵַȻһԸⲻǱɵİ
ͷҲ˲Լˣһһߴеַ㣬л˵ֻҪ㲻ɱңұ԰ܽѪѧԺ԰㡭ɱңòκκô⵽׷ɱˣ
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ַ˵ֻܱ֤Լʱڵİȫ˵Լ㣬ˣҲ˰Լϵһ˭һ۲ܹɱһʷǰǿأ
ԼڱͷԼɱ죬ֻ±ҲţҼҴҵЩҲûٽˣҵֻϵǼĶͷȥ

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ַѪģǰƷʬϣһɰ̴ʬϱַ֮С
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˵ڵַ㣬Ȼֻһ㣬ھܣʹɱ㣬ǿߡ
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ȻǿҲԾܣǳһ࣬ǽһ¶棬㱻ɱ
һսʹͷڻľڴﵽһµĸ߶ȣݺ˴棬ԻҰĵձϣ֮ǡ
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ַ֪ҪԼɱ䣬һ䣬漴ٽʦĲҽɽ
ĽٽֻǧȻֵסĽƬ֮㱻˵ڵأһҧ˺


143 ̹Ŵ½ķŭ
̫̫ңԶ֮俴ңɼʵĲֻһԪοռˡ
̫ȻͬʱϣȴؼڸԵĿռڣڵϵͬһ䣬Ҳ޷Է޷ʵ໥
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涴̫͵ǿǴԽԪռ䣬˵̫͡
ڣų˵̫ǿߵӰһ̣ڵͻȻʧ
ͬһʱ䣬ڵ̫ڣһ̹Ŵ½ĵطһ̨͵棬һѾżżڵһʱ͵̹Ŵ½ӵмҡ
ӵ֮Ҷʱַ졣
ʲôˣ˭ɵģҵ˶ɱѵͲԼ壿
һĸߴ޵Ŀ⡣
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ɳڵĸȥ̫ͣǸԪĵطȥף֣ĿɽҲҪǧС
һ޳˵һ߲һ˵ү㲻˵̫ͶһȺϰĴڶûУȫݺ޵УǡΪʲôȴˣ
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֬˺޺޵˵ɽѧԺѧԺҲ̫ˣǵǣҲÿҵ棬·ǣȴϾɱ
Щ֮ԸôҪԭԪУԼزĵطɱҲץɱ˵֤ݣҲ޷̹Ŵ½ķƲǣˮʹʧӣܾʹ˰ݣѾںָԪˣľȻԲ˭

ͬʱһʮ˵Сӣһ̨ٶȼСͷɴԹٽ˵̫Ԫ֮ʱճ涴С
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˵ԪȻ󣬵̫͵һЩżȴҲУԶУ˵ԵһЩñ̹Ŵ½

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ˣѧԺӷ룬ҪȥѧԺǿ죬֪⣬ûдӦǵ롣
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144 
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ַȥΪشףħɽնɱͷԳֵĻ˵Ƕ޴ˡ
ǵľ˵ַʱ򣬴󲿷ֶƺַΪִˣսˣ¶Ƽַ㣬Ҳƺַһϵܡ
ϰһȴյĽַ㣬˵ĸֵʱֹȻû˵κַĻĻȴȷַ˼
ϰĿ漴䵽Ķ֣ʤϡ
죬Ķ֣ʤͨѾﵽ˰ǧ㣬ȻϰĿиеһ˿ǸоԼ·±ˣѵǿߵ˿ֲ
ϰ¶һ˿ЦŰǧԼʰǣʧݣĿ䵽ַ֮ʱ˵Ŀڿн֯һ׵ཻһŷֿ
ϰ϶ʱ¶֮ɫ˵ַûг㣬ԼĿʱӦûᱻԼĿе˲Ŷԡ
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145 һ
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ڣ̻ɷƵӫҲжƿƵӫӪӫȮı֯һеĹ㳡ϣͬʱӪĵ໥ָľ档
Ӫ໥ָáսʿͨʿãǲ֪һ˵ĻģһĴ壬һķࡣ
ڵľĴڣ־ƽȤĿ̻ɷһ붫ƣһĴǹսˮս
þ֮źݺݵһĭ˵ҧһë


149 ֪
ڵľͻȻֳӪһȻֶ֧ƣΪַ㣬̻ĨڣЩ¼Ҳַ̻αģ廯Ķôأ
һˣַ̻ĻΪֻǸòȻαӡ
ͷϣСУǶȺһС꣬ɢַ֧̻ۣƵ֧Źͷ磬СҲϴһա
ڻֹУһЩַ֧㣬̻սʿҲֶ֧Ƶսʿ֮䷢еɼ
ֻǿʼսӵ˱ǵÿһ䡣
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ΣͷٴαֳԼǿıҹͣӫϴҪ֧˫սʿֹͣһбһǵȶ
ͬʱƻһתǿǴַ㣬̻ɷ첻˴֣սıԵͬʱַ㣬̻ɷԼȫĶԿȫǾ
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һеĿɿڴ벻߸ϵĶƣȻɵ飬Լżٰͨգַ̻һ֧ߣҡ
ڵ֪֮ǰֶ֧Ƶƽսʿһ䣬תַ֧̻ˡ
ַָ̻𣬶ϴ£˵ַ̻޳ܵݺʮ˵ԼоֹκȨͬʱ侲
ڶƵĽƱߵڰףַ̻ŭˣΪ˱סԼȨѾòֶΡ
ҲǰĵſڱտŽȫ࣬Ѫս׵Υ˫ʱڵˡ
ⳡѰȫǵڶУɽѧԺѪѧԺǷѧԺǿǣյ̹Ŵ½ľ棬ǽ֮Υ߽ԵѧԺ÷̹Ŵ½
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ȻֻǧĶ֣ʤ˲Ųһǧ벻ھȻȫԽǡ
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ͺãҿƺܿҪˣսʱҲҪˣһսǰˣ˽ɷСĽ̲ɲ˴ֻ֣˽СˣҲԶıʷĳϡ
Ҳûʲôʤ߿ŽһʷԶʤдģǻʤˣҲһĽΨһĲͬǶǸǧȷαӣҲֻǽ¶ѡ
ھУԾΪ׵ĶǿҲսǰԱߵ˼˵սǣǣǽҪʷΰһ飬ַ̻Ϊ֪֮ͽͼӢĶ˾ȨǾܶǷ
һټ˵ʵ֤˾Ŀǰϣ֮Ӣһλ쵼ϵйޣͳһģҲⳡΰж쵼ˡ
˾ʧȥ˾ȨǾͻȺף޾ͻṥƳǳأĴϽûκϣ˵Ҫô
ǿúɵĿžԼԶһԲĶƣо¶ȵı飬˵Щ˲ǿÿ˸Ƕᶨ֧ߡ
ƽǶԼĸĸ޶ǹĻǶ˿ԥ˾ȷţǻӢľ쵼ˣ붫Եˣ๼
Լȥִΰһжַ̻ĶȨı£Ǹ÷ԼĹȵʱˡ
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ʿǣǽʷ
ŶǿھĴ֮£ʧҹĻС
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Щһַ֣̻ܽһ򾡵Ļûַ̻ʱˡ
ַǿ̻Ķ֣ʤ˸Ǿܵ࣬Щܹȡóɹ
ǽҳɹˣҲضһ˻ⳡսУʱǵᱻüһ޷Ϊպ룬ֲòô
Ҳʮ󣬼ԼľΪ̾Ľľ֮սһսҲΪıǿת֮ս
Լ˳ĳַ㣬̻ˣܽȨץסУǰѳס棬˽죬Ҳϲһ𣬶ԼһͳĵĿֽһ
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о˲ľָӲôһأԼˡ
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˵ⶰıԵʱΧѾʿ߰ǧʿЯúڶǹڶ׼ǡ
Ȼٶ˾ǱĶǿߣ߰ǧʿһǹĻǵǿٿ죬ҲܲԷļǹ
̻ɷ죬ַ㣬Ķ֣ʤȫվЩ˶棬·һȺޡ
Щʿмǧ׵ľ룬ʿǿǹĻֻǻûг嵽ַ˽ǰѾǹ뷢ļǹˡ
ַ̾һǰ뾣սȴߵһҪζԷصĵز컯Ūˡ
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ĶһԳ㿴͵Ϯǣ˵ǷӣҿԼĲ˰ɣ
ǰһӣһȰ磬ֻҪǾΪˡ
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ʼû˵ɷͻȻڵѾΧҪƣҲҪǸǮУֻҪ˾һ£Ƭ֮ԽǴӣ֣Ų仰
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ַֹЩ˶ǾĶ֮ţȫˣǵᱻҲΥǵĳԡ
Щڤ粻飬˵ô죿
ַһ˵̻Ķʤһ֣Щˡ


150 ȫû
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Ϊ˾ȡʤַצƴˡ
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ַվֱϵһ˵ɣħɽҼǵ˵һ仰һԾĻ˴˾飬аɱҵĻǾһնңҪ飬ȻҲ顣
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ȻҲ˲ٲ˵飬ȴΪֻƣ˵Щ覲褣붫ƾ޴ĹȣЭҲûʲô˵ġ
ǾַȰģַûжϻ

ۼַһҪ˳žС̽ȥеĵһַеı𿪡
һַ̣ͻȻеֱ۶Ҫ嶼·Ҫһ㣬Ͻ˳˺üԱܿĺ
ԭѵǺܣ֮ܣȻ˵ܵͺС
ʵϣܣǧ֮УǼΪǿܣҪȻҲܽѾﵽַ壬һ㶳ˡ
ַǾķӦٶȾȻô죬ΪıԼٶԶͬǿߣ׵ɱﵽĴڣﵽǿߴƽ֡
Ǿȴɵһַеȣе𾪸
ͻʱõѪѧԺǿǵļ϶˵Ȼֻص̹Ŵ½ǿߴƽ֡
ǿм䣬޵еĴڣղַһַȴûбֱȴ޴ķʧȥ֪ԭַǸԼŵĴڡ
ַ漴γֱȻúַ嶳סַʵ̫죬ÿûüַʹúܣַѾ֪ȥˡ
̫ȻַֻĽ¼˲һӣַıĲϡ
Ȼ˶ַսȴҪǿռٶϵƣ˲ſѸٵƷ
ЩŭʵΪʲôһɱңѾӮˣɱңѵҪ𣿡
ʿǰԳǣ˫֮󣬳ǱƷ̸˱ϣ֮ǡ
Ϊʵȴʮֵļͣʮǿ߶޷ѣסϵ۽Ѳ
ʿѺߵľַ˵ֻͷ˴ˣҲ֪㷸ʲôҲŲɱ㡣
ַعͷ̻Ķ˻սԷٶˣѾǷŵʮˣЩڵϵܵˣñֱԷˣʿûӿסǴȥ
ַ㷭ɱȺУȻЩУʮǿڿ֧ţַǰ֮ÿһؿɴһˣʹöԷ󱻱ˣҲò
ת֮䣬а˾ʮ˱ַŵս̳˲ӣַס֮ŵ˰˾ʮˣ˵ƾַһ˵ܻ˶Էһǿߡ
Ī֣ǿ̻硣

ҹĻ£Ƶ۾ʧȥľ񣬵ĿȻʱʱ̿棬ƺ㿴ҹĻָ֣̻Ӳȥ
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˾Сʱ˷֡
ôãûϢǱ߸û̫ĺɱѾˣѾַ̻סˡ
˾밲ģ˵һᾣ˾ͻϢˡ
ܵģǾˣȻ֪սϵʤƬ֮飬ôûû˵ٻˡ
ĸٲ˵ȻҲеϣǺܴ󣬵ȴҰ⻰˵
ֻͻȻ˵ҵıװ
Ȼɻ󣬻ǽƾһɽװȡ˹
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ܡ˾ǡַ̻˾ĵ̣ڹȥΣյġ
ٵһӱýڵ˵Ʋȥ뻢
޷ұϾǵ˾ѵҵǾ͸ɱ𣬾дȻǵĳ١
˾Ҹоȥֵط̫Σˣ
ҲȥнǾһ
˼ٵͷ˵ȥţжپӿԹǵ
ˣ㿪ȥС
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ֲȥ̣ôȥʲôһȥŰɣ

Ѻ֮ɷ̻˵˾Щô
ַ㣬أ
ַһ˵ЩҲ˵ǻˣǲǶԶ̫ңǻȹһʱ䣬Ժ˻ڹ֮ģٷǳ
ɷַľ϶ЩЩ˷ԼѾɱģնݳַȴֻ뽫ǹ̻ҲǴַվһ·ϣɷһҲ÷ԡ
һнŻŵ˹ɷʵʲôˣ
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ڵĶűǾ󲿷ֵľӣƴ㶯þӣƵĻַֻ̻˵ǰ治ֹۣͷҲѪɺӡ
̻ʵƴ˶پӹ
˾ֻԼĸٿųǰģ˵Ҫ˾ַˡ
̻ɷַһۣû뵽ôĵȻҵᡣ
ַ̻һۣĿѯһַ˵˾


151 ݺյ
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һϽӭ˳һ˵
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ȨˣһվҲһֱ˵ƣֻǹһˣڲûдŴݵľװƽһ仰ǽжϽиܵ˾޴ѹȸС
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ƵĿ䵽ַϣ̾Ϊûе͹κˣС㡣
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ʱǱѪˮˣƲûһװⱾʹ̻ɷˡ
ҲѹôڽĹУѪ˭ĳɼҲκ޷Ĩɱġ
˵ƲһĻˣôĿԼཨıǻսأ֧ǰٴЭһѶѡ
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ҺãҽԴ˵һ飬ǰ˽¶볤ǵɹ飬Ҫַһ˵ǣɳҵ˶ԸǣҽԴҳϣµȷȴ¡
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覲褣˾Զľˡ
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־ƽȵַ̻һܾˣٳˣڶ̶̵һ֮ڣڱͷϵĴսΣȴͻȻɢ
ͷһ죬˫ǽţ˫֧߻ڽͷ໥ŹԷһϣƾͼתֱ£²ַ̻һȫʤգȻҰΪ»һš
жڰпֵ־ƽиеܲˬҹ涫Ƶ˾һְҲǿܡ
ҹһԱ׼ְҵ˱Լ˵ȷҲûκΣǣսѱºֵ顣
ַ̻ǶƾҹƷȨƵĲҲ⵽ϴ־ƽҲɱסĿǰԼӵеһУҲǸԴϲĽ֡

˾㲻ΪҶַ̻Э
ƿ˾һ˵ҲΪôģҲ̨ǽս·ֱǻôе룬ɽ˲ųҲˣʺλˡ
ַ̻Ѿұ֤ΪˣҹһƫУƷʮţԺҹ˾ߣΪԺ빲ͬܶɣҹ˾ıҸá
ҲлҹҪ𱱾ܺڵ룬ʧ˱ǵľͷ
һָǧķĵһʵȨȴͬһ䱰΢ˮε֮У˻ûнһ䣬įʧããĴС
Ƴʧˣû֪ȥԺûгκ˵ͬûгֹһ
ŶƵӰʧľڵӰУˮ䣬иӿ⣬֪˽׵ĳΪ˹ȥʷǼӭոµһҳ

ºңԶĺݳĺѩͻȻַһʼʼݺܼ򵥣ֻ˵ڵĺݳܵ人ϣ֣֮ϣ֮ǵΧȫǾΣڵϦַʶһķϣ溼ݳǽΧȫǾм
ַ㲻ȥݳһ¾ͻƣ˽һ˵Ĵɱ
ַĬ벻֣ϣ֮人ϣ֮ôͶԺݳˡ
һ֮У人ϣ֣֮ϣ֮֮ԹݳǣҪҵ˿˺ѩòԼݳУѩõżһֲŹĶ人֣Χݳǡ
һѾַҵ𣬿人֣ݻȥݳǡ
ѵľУ˴ѺѩɫǴѺݸżгֲʹ人֣ϣ֮ǹͬΧ˺ݳ
Ȼ人ϣ֣֮ϣ֮ǣǵԶԶ뱱ǻ򳤰شϣ֮ᲢۣǵʵҲСӣҹȻݳǣ뵥ƾԼû
ǰȫϣ֮ڱǴɵĹʶ֮Ͻ໥սΥߣ¹֮人֣ݵϣ֮ǵõ˳ǵ֧֡
ھԵʵǰ˵ʶһɢԼΪݵҲȥֻҪܵõ㹻棬캦ʲô
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ںѩŮƾԼĴ㣬˵ԼһƬ죬һ㻹ǽַ
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ߣԼڱǴþˣƱػѪѧԺĲ¼
ȻԼһʱƭ磬˾ĺܣԼڱǴˣҲѱԼɱ죬ڵԼ߱ѪѧԺʵ
Լѩһ£뱱ǣȵԺǿˣʱҵԼɱ֤ݣҲܰԼô

ݳڣѩü人֣ݵѾ˺ݳǵΧٰˣֻҪٰǱƣݳǱƾ֣ʱ˵ݳǻᱻЩ̰׻
ǵĻѩַ㷢һţҲûб̫ϣַ㵱ûڱҪԼ˵ԼȤ
۲ƸʵݳǸԶԶ뱱ǳᲢۣԳǵĸ㣬СԼӴļҲջûиסַġ
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սϼ壬һ̨ף˶Է߰ʮ̨ףڣǱȶҰ
Щ£κһҲͨ޷ģַ˺ݳǣвʲô
Ů̫ǰ΢¶ѩ׶æ˵ͰϢȫٰʿǣһܵϲϢ
ߵĸʿǣȫһһ㣬ֻҪϢǰߣؿɴʿʿǿȫֿߵġ
ݳ뱱ôԶԼֵַܼԮϹһ


152 
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ԹŶŮнʥ֮ĺݳǸŮƣڴӿשͷÿҵüλŮл骵ĴŮƵĵطȻҪΣˡ
֣ϣ֮ǵлϼһ˸ɹ˵Ұ׺һ·ɱݳǣ˴Ů
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人ϣ֣֮ϣ֮ǵ£ͨƽɱ¾ÿ뵽£ѩҧгݣ֧Ĳе˲ú
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Ϊνƻָӹ٣лĻе˺ݳǾĵֿʿǰǡ
飬õһ𾪵ϢǾǱǵһǿߣлս֮Ƶַ㼴֧Ԯݳǡ
˵ȷǸܲõϢȻĽڻĽУǵʿѾüȵ䡣
еʿ˽˸еֲϢַ֣һɽһ㣬ѹ˵ͷϡ
ֻܵʿӣĻòлԲߣȻһлɱǣԼĲɱӣ˫Ͼ˾һپ٣һ
Ļľţл骵ǲΪЦ֣Ҳ̫ˣַݳǻһϢŵûɢﻹһӺɷȡ
ĻԷģͬʱвַĩһ飬ַԵˣ˵ûһ³
ǵǿǺĳңٺı˾ƣǶԱҵ˶ա
л骲ȻſڱտڲַҲľɱȵʱֻڵˡ
лǧ򲻿Сַ㣬ʵ֤κСַ˶ҵճûг־Լ˼ֻϣлֲҪ⣬˴
ҵȻ⣬˫¶ʮˣҲŲűĻˮǧɽɴԮݳأҿַֻԼǰΪѩǸС˳ѣôӣм̨ףַһ˲ɡ
Ļ¶˲ͬıǵңǶƵôĻǺɽֱַ̨ӰˣڳǵǧҵҲһ
Ȩľ˾ƣһҹ֮佻ԼľȨӴ˲֪٣Լһл骵ıһȻҲжʮ֮ࡣ
ʮĴܵסַ
Ļ˵ַ㼴ٺݳǣ˵ⳡս޴ǲԵϣ֮ǣҪԶԿַв
֣㻹ûһ˵ĹȣַǲݳǻһߣݳǣӱݣûһµʱҲϹһ֮ڣֻҪǼǿƣȫԹºݳǣݳ֮󣬾ַ˹ݳǵĴսѾĻһôѵһɱ⼸ʮ𣿡
Ҫһڹºݳǣֻ²ôװɣ
ֵսȲɱ²ֲɱƽȻĿǰʵȷǣڵĺݳѾȫԱĴĻҲòºݳǡ
лΪǸô죿
ѧңսսԵľ˾ɱûԵʱɱ˳⣬Բ˾ƳԺԣȻˣľĻԽЩɱ͸ǳԣǲŮˣԽǵʿȥ桭
ĻͻȻЩߵ˵Ļʲô𣿡
ȷû̫𣬵ĩпᣬȥֻԼǸˡ
̸֮䣬һĻлǰͳһ֣ϣ֮人ϣ֮Ƿ˵ַ㼫пһµʱڸϵݳǡ
Ļлӣַϵݳ֮ǰƺݳǣܺѩݴȥ
лָ˵֣㿴˰ɣ˼ҪǲϧһдЩݳǣʲôֶΣҪһºݳǣǲýߵĻô񣿡
Ļ̾һȻлް磬ҲòǸЧİ취˾ɱ뾡һа취ԷŮףʹӽߣȷһµʱĳС
ٻؾ·ϣĻüչ֪ЩԼĲȥ˵ֲòȥ˵ȻûнĻôǾ䲻ϧһдºݳǣаʾʹýߵ˼
Ļľл骵Ľ˵ʱ򣬾ӪжʱһƬ󻩡
ôУôлȺ޲սѾˣô飿
ѽһѪˣôԵ飿
ĻǿɬֺγԸִһˣȴֲò
Ļ˵Ϸǵô룬ȥִľΪǾˡ
һнʦվ˵ǾˣǲޣҾִܾ˵
ң
ʦͻȻͳһǹ׼ĻĶͷ˵˾ջȻͬھ
ˡ
˾˲ŶԣǶˣǵĵǱ鲼µĹޣԼ㲻ջĻҾɱ㡣

һ׹𣬸ղʦĶͷһѪѪˮĶͷк漴ʦһͷԵ
ԶһϽεľٴǹڵŨ˵˾·ϣŻˡ
ǹл骵֣ϣ֮ǣһĻģղżһʦǹָĻſǹϻʦ
ģл骵˾Ȼɱǵнʦ
ʦ𡣡
ѪծѪ
һǱͲԸִԵĻǵĳ٣һŭԡ
ڼлµһ٣Ȼɱ人ϣ֮ʦ˾ŭˣֳľҲʧء
л骲Ͻ£һ˵˾ھеźôѽô˶ҷ㣿


153 ƽķ
˾㲻ɱɱսѵĻ쵰Ǿͽɱˡ
Ҳǣ˾ͷˣ뽫Ҳһɱˡ
ҡ
ͬԼϽɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҳ֪ŭѷ
ԭ˾ھеôͣԺҪѧѧǵл˾ɱϵԸǵľڣл˾ԼʿȥɱԼ׵ʿжûһ˸ҿҪǵľӪȥл˾ˣټ
ʮԼһǽɱ˻ߣ
л骾ӪеϽһģҲʦУЩ˼ԼĳٱΧ׷״
ǸʲôҪΪǵĵ̣Ǿ۸ˣ
ǾΥİʲôˣ
ϽȻŭȴЩٱͻϾǵĵ̣Щ٣бӵΣա
˾ܺĲ£
ĻͦأЩǰŭȵÿ
ʦôҡ
ҽÿȻĻȫǹǣҪսҵġ
ЩֻεÿȻǲл骵ˣȴòԼٵĻ
ŻÿлһϽͷ˵˾ôе˾Ա𣿡
ûü뿪ĻѾͳǹϽԴ۶˰

ͷĴ󶴱ȸղȥʦͷѪӴĿģԼǹˣȴžı飬ĻΪʲôǹ
ĻСɵļǹɫ˵ҵ˾㷸ĴҲֻɱǣȴûȨ˭Ҷҵˡ
Ļ٣پٷ׷׽еŭҲƽϢһЩĻʣµ˵ҹ
л骲ʣµľټĻɱϽͬɱһһ㣬˵ĻߣһŲĵ˳ȥɥ֮Ȯ
Ļᶨ𣺡ȻҲͬڽߵľǾˣִоͬʱҲǣҲǾˣҲҪķӳٵһ磬ٰǿʼһ·ɱȥ״ݻٺݳǡ
Ҫ˵ǵ˵һжǺѩҵģҲ֪ĩеֲﾭ䣬Ѿ˱죬޷ֲݳȴżеõһֽݵֲֲĹʵԽȫʳΣǺѩȴ˽İ˽
ΪȫԺڶŽݳǵģֻҪǵõݣ㹩ȫϣ֮ľֲͿԽȫȫʳΣˡ
ѩǸ̰Ůˣֲȴܱϣ֮ľǲǸ
Ļɿݽ֮£𲽽˶Ժϣ֮ǳʩнߵľ֮ⳡѪȵսǺѩǸ̰Ůģǲȷʱ䣬ȷѡ
ĩԺǰֲﶼ˸ı䣬µʳõֲӻûпֻɱ޳伢
ǹ޾ô࣬˶ȥɱ㵼¹ԽԽ٣ҴĹ޵ҲԽԽǿͨսʿʿ޷ɱ
ʳѷ֮£ܶϣ֮˳˵ĲҾ磬ݳȴûз飬֮ԻǺѩһżеõһֽݵӡ
ȥһͬСľʹףһһֻһĴףһ쾫֡
ܱߵϣ֮Ǵϲ׷ݳݵӣȴѩľܾ
ݳǵٰһںݳǵͨնֲݣϣ֮취һЩݽĴ״˸Եϣ֮ǣϣֲֲֻһԵֲĹʵֻܳԣֲ
ݵӣȴںѩУܱߵϣ֮ѩҪݵ޹֮󣬲Χݳ֮١
ܱߵϣ֮ǣȴѺݳŮƣֶв֮ģȻζֵֻ人ϣ֣֮ϣ֮ǣϣ֮ȴ֧人֣ݵξж
ݳбǻ߳ǵĻȻû˸ҴݳǵˣƫƫݳŮƣıֲټϺݳǵķǿ
⵹еĶͯһĽԪߣᣬŲˡ
ںݳǸֲΪϣ֮ǣٰǵݳһٶ·;ϣ˵ׯ뱱Щ͵ϣ֮ǣ˶ľγĶԱȡ
人֣ϣ֮ǵҪɱ⸽ׯˣݳƽһʼĻ̵ִĹ涨ܿͷ֣ݳǸȫԱϣ֮ǡ
ȻݳսǿׯȴӵǿսǼ˳人ϣ֣֮ϣ֮Щߡ
߰ĶͯʮˣǶϲһǹһŵըչͬھķϮ
֮£л骲ӵʧȴľһս˽ߣɱȫɱߵŮȫߣܳԶԲ˵ĶȫյʡԼ֮󣬱˸ļ
ڸصĴ֮ĻľҲʼִнߣľֻɱˣȴջʳɱŮˣҲл骵ľ΢˵һ㡣
ĻµһʦһׯУʦʦӢ人ϣִ֮нߣķԣĲҲнĹзŹ˲޹˺ӡ
ȻЩŹ˺Ӳ飬˳ޣӢĲȻû顣
Щ֮Զ֮ǣҪΪЩУЩǱɵߣҪǵһУֻҪܹõͻ޼ɵϮ
ڱ֮£ЩʿֻɱϮǵЩƽ
һǰĴׯʿǾŵһɾ޴ѪζӭŲ룬ǸǿһĻĻĿĲ档
ׯǱɱľвˣ׳꣬Ůˣ߰ĺӡ
ЩŮ˸ǳ壬زȫ¶棬Щ˶һͬ㣬Ǿȥ˴ֱֻۣʣµԴ븹
Ӣһޣ˵Ҳл骲ʿǵĽˣл骲ʿмֵĲֱ˵֫ץסЩ֮նЩƽ֫ʳ
һЩŮ²ϣĺۼЩŮ屻֮Ȼն֫״ҡ
ӢдԷģºݳǣԼ㰵иɵл骲Щ񼫵ʿҲΪЩİҸ˵
ʦһСš

һСȫװʿѺ֮󣬿Ӣ֮дĿ־壬εĳĿ⣬ҲǶղ·ʿɱӢŻ񶾰ɣ
СֺݵģӢһᣬ˼ԼĶӣԼĶҲôˣԼľչ£ԼĶҪԶǰСһЩҲǿ׳һЩ
ʦǲɱ
ɱãֻһӡ
ӢĵͷǸӲ˲΢΢ЦЦ
СкӢǺЩЩ
Ӣӻͳһ⣬ݵСкǰ˵Сѣ˰ɣ͸㣿
Скûнӹ⣬ݵĳ廳ͳһСɵļǹ׼ȷĶ׼˽Ӣֱ࣬ӿ۶˰

ӢϵЦݻûüȥѾǹĹ䴩ʱȻ壬һС⣬ѹ£ӢؿڵѪˮĶСкѪˮ
Լǹ֮󣬽Ӣûбֵ̫ŭ෴Ϊ˲ŶСкȻԼϲõЦݡ
þȫ˵ʿСкǹ


154 ǳʲô
Скûòƾμ𲻵͵ľ٣Ϯ֮󣬷ɿĳһƬȥһҪյլ
Ӣ¶һ˿ЦʼգûҪɱкСкϣԼӵӰӡ
СкһĸףĶӣҪͷԷֲġ
֪Լû˺СкˣҲû˺ԼϮ֮󣬻֪˿̵Скл᲻ԼΪ
ӢȥΪһľˣûսϣڲɱƽĹϮһУֻΪϷ
СкܵĹУҲòƺƵľٿеһ仰ԼϮ٣ȴû˿ĺڡ
֮ǰ֧ǿľǵļ԰ϲɱܱߵƽСкĸĸھӵɱ۰ĽǱĽʬǱ̣иһ⡣
ֵ֧ľӣСкֻп̹ĵĺ⣬ɱһֵľΪ٣Ȼʱ򣬻ŹСкУֵľӶޣҪںݳǾһС
СкĸĸҲ̵ģΪгһˣΪɱ˶Էо˿Ĳ
ֻ֪ԼÿɱһߣԼԱкܶ˲ֵ֧ľɱ
黹кܶ࣬ϾеľӶͬл骲ԣл骲ĹٱΪɱɱŹһֿˡ
һ֧ɨƽһ֮ǶһݵƤͷһ棬ûɱȥٴеˣһ
벻鷢ˣȥ޷ˣͻȻͬһݵıһ㣬ٵܵһ̨ߴＸʮ׵Ļ׽ǰ
ʿо˲ǻûļǹֹ˱ڸļǿըһ춯ص𣬸ɽΡĻ׺ȻأըĲȱȫʧȥ˲
ҵĻס
϶
ʿ׷״׶һľ̫Ҫˣһ£һʦֻ䷢һ̨ս֧ʵĶʦȴ䱸̨ףһ̨һȦʮ̨ͼըһѷϽ
ǻһ̨ףӴĻǰһЩ̹װ׳Ҳᱻһ̤⣬˵о޵ǿû֮һ
һ֧ӵǿǵĻĶ٣ʵĶʦ̨Ⱥ󱻻˵һ̨ǻսĻڶ̨ȫΪǵĴɵġ
˭뵽һˣ˷ľٶأʿ벻׵ǣΪʲôеƽ˺ǣϧһдҪͬھ
ھӷŹǵǰ£ȻԥķͬھϮѵЩȫˣ˵ǾݳǵǸŮ˸ϴˡ
ѩſȫݣȴ˽ĲԺݳǵĹȫϺǺݳǵʿ뺢ӣȫչѪս˶һҪϧʯٵģ
Ϊʲôǿ
µѪս˺ݳҪһݵٰҹɱУݳƵʿ
սеͨŮˣ˻кӣһʮˡ
ںݾƴֿ£Ҳʧ˼ʮ̨ȻĻл㹻׼ǺݳǵļҵֿǳǵȫԱ޴ڵƽϮǸ˼
űл骶ͷϸ𣬶ݺݵ˵Щɱļһ˷ƵϮӣ๼һ죬Ҫȫ׹ǣݳǵŮǣҪǳʱĸ̶ҪЩŮǺԼⱲŮˡ
Ļһ׵ľɱӣ޶ҲƴֿͲҪΪԼЩ۲µϧˡ
ĵģ˵ʲôҵʿɱӣͺõȥˣһʼ㲻ɱƽڲҲҵľһȻľӲɱŮǲα˼֣Ҷɱ飬СӲǰס
ĻⱲĳʶޣ㲻ˣǰˣƷ¶Ҫһٱ
Ļ˵仰Ťͷ뿪ʱսָӲ
л骵˹ĵģǽӵַҪ֧ԮݳǵϢѾаˣǵԤƣа£ַϵһڰµʱºݳǡ

ָ磬㿴кöˣ
ַ˵ͷ¶εŭɫϵʬһ붼ͨƽ񣬰ձʶϣ֮ǵʿƽǹ
ǰһȴ˵ȷƽչѪȵɱһУ֣ϣ֮人ϣ֮ǵͲܺã֣ݷ
벻ǣȻ޼ɵɱƽĺȺ֮ĽֲйޣҲǱȫ𣬶ȫս
Ķ֣ʤҲǰɶѵƽʬ壬Ҳ˵һ仰Ѫȵ飬ǶôɥĲľӲĳģһӽݳǣǿ˸ѪȵһĻ
Ůڱɱֱ֮֫˿һЩŮǵ״ңһ²壬ֽҲĿ
һĻ̲סŻȻҲɱʬҰĲ״ȻǰЩ֫岻ȫޱȵʬѸŴˡ
ĶǻðɣڴñӵĻеŭͷϵñֱȼˡ
̫ˣɱ֮󣬻նֽţŰɱҲûѪȰɣ㿴ЩŮٻδأԺ󳤴˵Ǹǧ۵ĴŮȫˡ
֣ʤһüͷʵЩ˵ֽΪʲôն
ЩƽֽŴ⡣
֣ʤ˵ͷѾϰַ֪ȻղѾµЩֽűնһԽԽѷʳйء
Ȼܲ˴ֿľӾȻԵ飬˿̣֣ʤһȺ˴ɱһ
Ĵ۾ҲǷŭڽ֧ӵĻԥĽ֧նɱ
ַȻƽȴҲǷŭޱȣҪ˵ӣСģܣһ㶼ôѪȵ飬ľӲĻԺûκϣ
ǸϽߣ죬ͿԸϵݳǡ

ݳһׯڣ󲿷ֵ˶Լļ԰㵽˺ݳҲҪ˼ֲ뿪ͬھ
һΪƫƧɽ£һƯŮһʮԼڣȻǲϮӣȴ᲻üݣð
иһǾ·ľ÷ֲƫƧ񷿣ڵһ죬߹˴ľӣȴû˷ǡ
ڵڶ磬һ֧ܺݳװԱϮ󲿷ʧɢ˵һСʿ·
˵ģˣǽܣһʼȺʿָˣֻѸȫɱ⡣
ǿΧʧıһŮ֮ʱһĴЦ
ǰŮԼʮ˾꣬ȵģС¶ţ˵ĿüĿ续٣ǽЩ˿ֱˮ
㿴СѾͷ治ľƣ⽭ˮŮеϸۼǿġ
ѽʵŮڽһҲСǿɱֵܼǰЩСƯˡ
ѽʧȥ˴󲿶ӵټΪ˻Щƣ벻ȴԼˣֵܿҪúÿһˡ
Ůǰ˵ıУڱʿΧס֪һɿе꣬һ˵ǷҵܵܣǴá
˵仰ŮҧűݣĿ⿴ЩˣϣܹԼֵܡ
һʿŮģ򶯣ѯߵ˵ҪǷǸк
ƨ󲿷ʧȥϵкôһʲô


155  һȺ
ŮɫԼԻܹܵȥĻԼ壬Щ̣Ҳر
ЩʿȴŹСܣԼǰԾŮ֪ͳһذףԼಿλݺȥ
ԶͻȻһֻ˹һŮĵϡ
Ůеֻͨذףڵͨʿٵͨ޷ǵƤ˺ŸָסŮ̳ĵС
С椣ҲҪźֵ֮
Ůþȫǵͨ죬еذ׷·˸һ˿δ
ʿȻŪָ΢΢һǰذֱϣʿĴŮۻСһѣЦۺСȻָ֪ô
ϵܣ֪⻹·ˣһ֪ˣ
ͷ
ʿһ֣Ůļͷһ·ǣŮһ΢΢زԸе¶˳
Ůزϸ۵ļʿͷЦһ߶ȫҿСѾͷ·֮һǸƷ
Ҫ۸ҽ㣡
кͻȻ˵ʿǰʿĸ첲ݺҧȥϧһûҧʿƤٵʿǵҲԶԶͨˡ
кһҧȥûҧʿݷʿ첲ϼӲļ˺üš
Сӣҿǻˣ
ʿִ̧кԴкʿһƴеĻ˵ԽѶ
Ůͦǰк˵Ҫҵܵܣб³
ø˵Ľ飬ΪǽϷ𣬷ģǿ֮һҲˡ
һʿǰ˵ϻƣüСˣһϰɣ
ͷСѾͷһδµĳжٶˣֻ»ûȥСѾͷһغˣΪ˲ģȻˡ
һӳεĵͼ߹˵ҹʵСѾͷȻҪһƷ
ƾʲô
ƾҵľαǸߡ
ʿһӳСѾͷȻ߷߲ƽȴҲֻ˵һߣҲ֪һʮ߰˵СѾͷܲôƻǵϣСѾͷܹͦסӳ̣Ҳýлϸ˹񫡣
ӳս⿪ӣûüԶһ˵ϴ㿴кöڣ
ڣҿһȺ޲ǡ
Щʿ̧ͷ˵ĵطȥڵһɵˣ޵һʮСŮ
ˣʿֱӣֻŮ˵ȤһЩǿСŮ֮еʿעĿ
Щʿ˵崦ڳδ֮СŮƯһС
ʿĿиղŵŮϣת˸Сϡ
бӳתλ˴۾С˵СֱŮ˺ܶ࣬ţҲղŵŮˣСȴǱһϣС۾ǸСƷеļƷѽ
ҵСִ磬˰ɣ㻹ҵСŮ۹⣬ȻܿСһ˵С
һˣǰĶŵַ㣬֣ʤŮ
ĶһԽӿڵСƨ˵˵ղŵĻռСѾͷıأ
ʿûаַһ˷ַ˵ģְҵˣиûһȺҲҳƽǽ첻ӢۣԼСϡ
һʿǰһ˵ֵǣʲôʺˣһ֮оȻƷŮһһƯСѾͷȳ崿ȶˣһεĻٻʮҲֵˡ

ʿĻû˵꣬ͷϵԴͻȻըΪһѪֱʿʬ˵ڵ֮ʱûһôһ¡
˾һδǵҲûΪʲôղ˵ʿԴͻȻͷѵ˶ڰϮ֧ӡ
ǰ߼ΪӦòͻϮЩˣЩ˷ǸղʿΪʲôͻȻͷأ
Ķ¶һ˿Ц⣬ղǸɵһǹַʲôȻıӣ̻ԸǰӳӶ̵ȵĲˡ
һ쵽ĽиôȻַֺ˼ĶڼŮ֮Ļ˵ͣǰȴҲһĿбӣģ
⵱ȻҲΪַ㣬ַ֪еַõĻ˵һĶĿǻˡ
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Ů˵¶һ˿ϲɫΪԼоˣַһˣŮ˵ʱ˾
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ȺбĶӳΧһۣԼжٶʿһǹĻЩЩ£ϾǳֿȭжΪɱĻǡ
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սɱʿ⼸ǿǰֱֽͬһһһıԴࡣ
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ַѹסеĸжһ˵˴Ļ׸人ϣ֣֮ϣ֮ǣ֪𣿡
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СĴ۾ʵǲ人֣ݵûˣ
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񣬲ŵºݳǸʮƽɱ˵ƽɱϣһĻֵá
ַûжС˵ЩʹѰ˵СԼĻҲûʲô
ҵֻǳͷβˣǱ֣ݵǮɱŪǮɱҥΪ棬ΪԼֻҪõݣͿֲ޾ʳʳףǱѸٷչ׳ԼȫĹޣͳһĵĵ·
˳ǲŲϧѪ̨ͻԼ͵ļ۸人֣ݷҪڹƺݳ֮󣬽޳͸ǡ
˵ףľԼҵ˶֣ݵǮɱƭˣμ䣬䵱ɱƽİס
ָֻǵ˵人ϣ֣֮ϣ֮ɵڽݳǵĹУɱƽҿȥŸϵݳֹǵĶС
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人˾֣ݾ˾׿ǳǱֻ֤ͷ̰ĺѩԼƽҪȻǳǾὫôҪʹá
Ҳҵȷ˵ĻĵǺݳƽҵͶܲܵõرֻܲܵõݡ
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л骴еĵģСëѽԼĻ׶Ź
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ַһһѰҵĻҹҲҲĻл骵Ĳ֮ƾַһˣҲɱеʿ˵Ҳ˲̵
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㲻ǳ࣬˰ҲôǿĪõɱķԼ
νɱ꣬Ǵɱƽϵ͵սʿһּķߵԩﵽǿԼĿġ
ַ̫̣ΪǿݣѧԺǿǣɱķԼҲŹ׼Ķͽ
˵ʹɱ귽Լ޷ܣ̹Ŵ½˺Ĺ


162 е
ҵȷѧɱ
ַһ˿֮ģȻллϵǧƽ
л骵ǿ󣬲֪ɱ˼ǧˣ˽ĳɾֻ֪ͣл骵Ĳӵﶼɱ˷Ż޶ƽɱƳ⡣
ʵϣǲлΪԼɱħóļл֮ɱ¾ƽҪȡɱϵԹ֮ԼΪΪԼһ˵ҪɱǧˣֶҲ̫Ѫˡ
ַŭԷɱħΪݣֻҪҰ鹫ȥȫ񹫵У˵ö֮
ɱΪݣַ߬ޣΪ飬ҲǿȥֻǰѣɱħôֻҪɱ㣬˭֪ħҲ뱩¶Լʵȴֻ̫ˡ
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лҰԼȻԱ֣ݣݳǣ˽һĸ֮󣬱˸ݺݣһĴ㡣
ַɱĻΪĻеľɨϰҲСһѣֻҪ֧ӣӺݳǣ˰Ǯɱˣǰеɱַ㡣
лֱַ㣬еıͨ˻ɫ
˸żʮףַȻܵһȵϢ
ַףԭл骾ѵǻܣսǱпƻܵĹܣ˵ǾܵĹ絽ַϣҲ޷ʹַеһ˿ȡ
ʵȴл骵廹ûпַ㣬ַоԷϵı˹ַϵսǱ𵽱ٻãַ˵ûпл骣Զ˹˸ճɻҽˡ
ֲл骸ղ˵ԸڿҪɱԼǰеŭĻܣһսʿʹ֮ȻѵĻǿ˲һ㡣
ַͷ˵Ȼеʵֻɱ˲žʹ졣
ַ㣬㲻Ҫţ챻ɱŶԣԽϾûвܵսˡ
ַ廯ΪһӰһնл骣лҲǷһЦһ

ѽײһʱ˵弸ͬʱһȻл骵ַ㻹Ҫһ㣬ȫһ֮£л骵ֱȴ顣
ַеıҲһȣ·סһյͨ壬ַеıһֶ
⻹ֻл骵ıһԼеı˶ԷɢһԼͲһܲˡ
лҲ΢΢һ㶣ʮֵĹŹ֣ܿͬһ㣬ԽΪý飬ĵˣղڵ˳Լıַı֣֮ΪԼַܰճɻҽղշַҲ⡣
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лȻֽţ뵽һ̿ɱַ㣬ĴЦ
ַ㣬㲻ҪʹеĻУһǾ͸һ⣬һµɡ


163 Űɱл
ַ㲻òϣл骵һдϡ
˭ţ˻ţë㲻۵ڿеأڿУΪʲôƽʱֿһ˵أ
ַȴûлʸףʱϲߣл骺ܿҪˣûҪ˵ϻ
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ַ׼˺ѩԸеĺ촽һ˿ڡ
ѩ۾ڴܡ
źۣ§סַ׳Ĳӣڴ˸û䣬ͬʱԼȥȼնԷȼԼ
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ĿǰһֻһһˣַѾյ°ɣ˭ҲɱңҲҪǸصĴۡ


165 
̸ַ̻˺þãҲ벻Ӧ̹Ŵ½ҡ
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ڶԴײ֮£ƬƬʯײ÷飬Դкüβһ塣
Ȼ˿Ҳϵ۽ǰһеĶȣǲԶˣϣǲŹأ
Ծ޴β͸ˮĴģľˣΣͷַͻȻһӱס˶ˮߵľ޴βַͣһ
ףؼʮֵĶԾȻַһ˦˰ϣַһݣҲ˰ߣʱ˿ַ̣֪ԼѾȡʤ
ڰϣͷܷӳͺܲˣԼҪɱʲô¡
˷ܵĴһҲ˰ϣ˵˰ϵĶԾͬûϻѾ޷вˣ벻ѧԺǿǶκβ˵Ķԣǵ
ɺޣɺޡɵƴˡ
岻ŤĸצӺĿĴצٲĴԵצֱץϡ
ַ׼˶ԣ֪ԼĿǰҪҪսپһѧԺ׷ʱ˵ľǶԼˣɲ뱻˼˱ˡ
ַͬһڵ㣬˶ԿУ˶ԵУԵûַնϣַղһԿУᱻԵ͸
ȴеַް취ڵַ㣬еݺݴ̳ͻȻӶԵľ̳һ·»˶ԵС
ԵһأַҲӶԵ˳Ѫˮ
ϵĶԲĵŤ£ʹȥ
ַɫҹ£ԵѪȾѪɫģΪЦһЦ
ַһµ˵ǸϽ뿪
ַսǱҪͷԵʬװȥҪȡͷԵҲһʱԼʱŶԵʬ뿪˸Ϲ˳û٣ʱԼ͵òʧˡ
ִ磬㿴иˣû͸
ַ΢΢һĿȥһȳѪУвãһЩԵθҺֻʣһ֫Ѫģʬһԣʬ帽һȴˣֻǻ˹ȥ
硣
ַϳǸˣ˵ֻҪɵڣᱻڵθҺʴֻǴڻ״̬ȴûܵһ˺
ϵƤһűס岻˺ҪȻҲ类ԵθҺˡ
һʵ˲ѪѧԺ𣬾˵ǵĿģǵ챻ɱһ£ǻָɱ죬ǲǳɵɱڣҲý鷳


169 볬
ַҡҡͷȻһ־Ϳɱӵнʮ磬ԼɱҲû˻ỳԼģȴȻôЩס
սǱַ㱧Գβͣһ׵Ķʬӽ֮УֻҪһսǱѧԺǿ֣Ҳ޷ԵʬսǱ֮Ū
սǱ֮еʱѾ㣬ŲַЩַ˷ϣٴηѵͷ
ַɱͷӵʮĶԣȴٴʹеǵ㷴֮ķɵ˾⣬ͬʱΪԼǰǲǷˣȻ뷴ַħ
ϵͳŮʱҲַڷķԼ׷һǿߵˣ̫Կ𡭡Լռ˴ˣżƿߣһԼ⣿
С˵ɱ˱󻼣ָ磬ʲôʱôԥǰɱ˵ô
ڳڵɱ¾֮£ÿоʮ㣬СŮʱҲᱻǿҵı֮ӰԼǣѪ
ַ㲢û˵粻ǸĵĶ棬һ͵֮һ̹Ŵ½ǽѹ
ԼðȻɱȻԶȹǰѹأȴ޷ԶܣһԼҪʱʱ̶̿Ҫ̹Ŵ½ǿԼ鷳
Լպ̹Ŵ½ĻǾٲά裬˵Լ֮䲢ûнⲻĳޣȫûҪɱ
ַ̽ı£оԷĺʮղֻϢ˹ȥȴû̫ܵ˺
ַ㽫һɾڣƬ֮䣬
ַվǰʱһ˿ɫ漴ָƽ
𲻾֮ǰ̹Ŵ½һЩǿ߹ͬ׷ԣһСģ㱻˸Уϵսס˶ˣԸֱ֮ϵս±ӻס壬ûбԵθҺڻ
˵ң
ַ˵ͷء
粻ʵղȫԳһ֮ɱңٶϵս£ҵս¿޼֮ɱңҲû˻ỳɵϣºѪѧԺҲΪԸҺΪʲôûô
˵۾ɵôģݺݵһۣôԼĶô˵һ
ַݲȵ˵Ҳ죬Ȼ⡣
ڳɱ죿
ʱѾָʮʣ´˿弫Ҫַ㣬ȴҲʲô¡
ַкһ˵챾޳϶ȴҵϵżҪɱڣ黻֣ô
ңҲһҲɱǸ̹Ŵ½Ѿ˼𶯣ҵĴ󵱼ˮǷĲϧۣҪԼĶӱ𣬲ִ֪ôӦ
߸ַ㣬뿴ַôش¡
ûҴ󵱼ִҪɱңȻĿǰ޷̹Ŵ½࿹⣬ҲԴС
վ˵־һ׷µĻǶ𱨣ǾҲ׷£󵱼Ҳɱ׷µģʱȻһ
Լûɱ磬һѺˣô˵ҪԼ˼ַʵΪҸô죿
ͷѾ䵽ϣַͷԣұа취㻯Σ
Ըꣿ
ԵǿѧԺǿ߶̹ˣҰͷԵʬ̹Ŵ½˵ͷԣͷһˣҴ󵱼ҼͷԵʬ֮󣬱¡
ַҲ˼е鶼ƵϣȻԼһ飬ˮԵõͷԵʬ壬ʵһá
Ȼַ᲻öԴڵˣͷԵʬԻδѵĻġ
ַ˵գȡ˶Եʬ塣
еսǱҲǰĶȻ̹Ŵ½֮ҲвٿԴƷżַɴСżռȴ޽С
ϧż̹Ŵ½ҲҶϡѹһ֮£̰
һԵӸ߸߹һ仰ƭԼַ־ɱĶʮֲʮߣֲαϵĲñԵĴ˳
ЦЦԵͷһ첲ǹ˶ԵԴ֮УץһϴС使޵ˡ
֣ӣͷҴˣǣʶһļ񡣡
̰ĵѾͷϲüҡ
˵罻ѣӴʱҶȻ͸һݺ񡭡
⻰ȸղŵϲüҸϲüңƯĴ۾Ҳ˺ÿ
ͻȻ뵽һ£ʵ˵ִԸ֣ݵǮɱ
ֵϢȷͨ
ҾȰҪһˣǮɱǰõ̹Ŵ½һλǿߵĴУѾüΪǿȻĵ̣ҪԸȴҲס
Ǯɱõ˭ĴУǲѪѧԺˣ
ǮɱΪͽǸ˲ѪѧԺ̹Ŵ½ţûȥ̹Ŵ½Ȼ֪ŵǿֻҪ֪ǮɱżǾˣǮɱһ£Ҫƴš
ʵʲô·ǮɱƷ£ѵҲҪ
ͽֻʣƷ¡
ţַҲ˽һ㣬̹Ŵ½ǿ鼫ΪϣѧԺʵѧԺ֮£ʮŵΧˡ
ţʮ֮Уǿһɡ
һ֮Уַȥ̹Ŵ½һŵĵӣ˱׷ɱ˺ܾãǺɽѧԺһλ˵ŷŹ
翸ؼʮֵĶԣǰַ˵֣ԪѾɣվҪ̹Ŵ½յ̹Ŵ½һݣ⣬һ֪ͨѪѧԺһвѣǰչ㡭
漴Ų뿪ʮֵĶԿڼͷȻûӰٶȡ
¶ĽıԼһ죬ܹﵽ־ͺˡ
ԶȥıӰַипǧҿԼûĽ飬ðȻɱ磬ҪȻҲԴϲľ档
ȣԼҵĺ֮ǣߣԼѣĺܹ˼ԼԸǮɱŰѶԵԼǿԼһϣͿԿǸֵԼѡ
ǮɱϾҪǣһսüޣԼȡʱˡ
һƫƧĵطͬʱ˫֣ϴСĶϣһӴӿַڡ
ͬʱһ˿ѪͷҲ˳֮ڵһӿڣַǰһƬѪ
ַ֪ǶѪͷЩųȥԼпܱһͷʧȥԵĶħ
ǰַǣ˶Եͷһڣ㱻һɸǿͷȫ飬Ϊ˵ȫںϡ
գԵȫʧˣַڵĽǱ¸ӹ̣ǵҲ֮ǰǿ˽һ
ַһڵԼͻ㣬Ҳ˵ԼѾĵڶ㳬
ĵһؿһ״̬ͻܾԺ٣ٽĽϣǿ߱ٵڶεƿȥ˱ͻͽȥҲԶ
ַԵˣ˫˫ͻʱ̹Ŵ½ǿߣҲԷһս
ͻȻɥļеָ磬Ͽϵ۽ʧˣǲԺҲ޷ϵ۽ˣ
һ£ֻҪͻ㣬ϵ۽Ҳ޷򿪣Ҳ̫ǿйأﵽ֮Ȼ˿Կϵ۽Ļᱻơ
ǲ˵ҵ˲ˣ
ô˲ڵֻҪǿߣϵ۽Ҳɱ
ָ磬ô˵ϵ۽Ҳʧȥˣ
Ӧ
ַſһϵ۽鷢ˣϵϵ۽Ȼɹ򿪣Ȼֻ˽һҲԲϳ
˵ǿߣǵϵ۽᳹׹رգΪʲôԼȴԿϵ۽أ
Լڿϵ۽ǰıȴǰıʱӾڿϵ۽֮󣬼뱾ﵽʮǿ߲¡
Ҳ˵ַڿϵ۽̹Ŵ½ᾫӢƽ֡
Ϊʲôѵżеʱ֮ıԼṹʹԼΨһһڱﵽ֮󣬻Կϵ۽Ĺ̥ı仯Ǻǻ
ַͻȻѪڣһԼѾǿһ̫࣬Լպ̹Ŵ½Ҳһηηβ
λõųϴеǮɱַǲϡ
෴ھͺ޲Ǯɱ棬ɱ˶ԷԼԼжôǿ


170 
صסַ֮㷢Ķ֣ʤͻȻúܹŹ֣·ĳһֺڲͬ
ַϸ˿ԼĻ£Լϲûг˲һĵط
ǿʲô
ϴΪʲô벻ȥһˣ
ﲻһҵֽŻһɣ
֣ʤһԲ۾ǰˣ˶ӣ·һܹ˵ȥ
֪˳ı˵ôû֣ҲҪ
Ķ֣ʤһǷҲһּǿʰԼһվеµĲࡣ
֣ʤסʵ磬ǲʲôҿͻȻݹһһ㣿
ûʲôҹȥɢģСɱһͷޣȡͷ޵ˣһЩߣŻʹǵľʷһЩ仯ɡ
֣ʤĶ
Ķʧе˵˳ȥɢģйŮĽҰģȥʲô־ʲô
ޣ²ָװ׵ģҽͷҲ˺죿
ϴ˾һװţСѾͷȴС˵ҹڷߣϰ͸˿࣬¶Сظϴҵϴһʱ˵ͻᣬţҵ˼֪ġӱҵĸ첲вϴ󣬰ҵĸ첲ѪˣСѾͷĺúݵģ
֣ʤûĶôĵȴǱ飬ʵɱͷһǿɣҪȻϵҲᷢı仯ҿһϣǧ֮࣬ǵӦѾͻǧ˰ɣ
ɿޱȵĶצûаŮ״˵Ҳûʲôִ粻ѡ
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ţ
Ϣ֣ʤ۷ס
ʱ䣬ɽѧԺǿ߼࣬ǿǧ㣬ҲԴ˱Ƚ⣬ΪԼַ㲻ǧѣֻҪԼŬŬҪ׷ַĽŲҲǺѵ顣
ȴͻȻ֣ԼַĲ಻ǲһ㣬ǲһԼôģַĲôԽԽأ
Ķ˵УҲͱǿһѡ
ĵ˵ڶٵˣ
ǧ㣬ɣ
ԭǴ˵еļƷ
ϸ磬ǿһأ
ַĿ䵽ŮŨϣ˵Ҳͻˣ
˵ͷһ˵
ƨ
Ĵ۾ͻȻסĶ
ĶвãҰ̹ģϽĿڵҵãóݵң˵Լƨ𣿡
˵֮䣬ܾûַסˡ
ӵ߰εŮȥȣһЩŮ֣ȴ˳Ůеĸ
ϽŮеˬӢˣʹߵĿĽ㣬Ļôãû˲ϲ
ŽţǿʹԼĴﵽλãһĽ˵㣬ĸôߣͻôãٵȼ꣬ҲҪĸͷһҪ̻ôزţᡭ
ַһЦһӵôƯŮŵ㣬㲻Ůˡ
ߵŮȣַϲĻֶԹԸҲԽԽϲ龫ֵСѾͷ
ϲелŮǴõİ֮飬Ϊز̻ûԸͲϲ
ӳ磬ַѯԼԭ
绷һΧûˣŵ˵ǮɱˣѾס־ƽĵս⣬¥ϣ֮ҲˣǮɱĹϵ൱ĿǰǵľԽԽӣ˾Ϊ˺ܷģŽȥһ¶Բߡ
¥ϣ֮ǵ־ҲˣϢַһǮɱûзϣ¥ϣ֮־񷣬ȴСӡ
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¥ϣ֮ڽ֮ǲϵܵ泱Ϯ⻼Ʈҡ֮м档
ĸ֮ǰֻϽ־һżջķᣬʹѸһģ泱ΧдŹʣ¥ų﹫ϵĵһӢۡ
־·һӢ۵·ֵĵطǿ߾Ȼʧɫ
־һʢʹǰ¥ϣ֮˾λ־¥ϣ֮˾ı
˵־ַͬڻâ䡣
һ֮У־ܶڻĴعΪһ־˵ĺĿ뱱ǵһһΪĳУҫ۵ʺǣ˸һַ㲻Ĵڡ
־ĳ֣¥ϣ֮ǲڼ̵ʱڣΪ뱱ǣǲеشϣ֮ǡ
벻һһǿ֮Ƶ־ȻǽǮɱһʹַеȷЩַ֣ŹǮɱ
ԼӦѩɱǮɱһ£Ǯɱһ£۴һ˵ַ㶼ŹǮɱķߡ
ַԼ̻̻֣֮ݳǮɱ¥ϣ֮ʹһ𣬹ϵУ־ƽҲнƣָӵַϸĽ˵һ¡
º̻ü˵Ǯɱ¥־һס˵սҪԸѾúѡ
ҲҪɱ
ҹ˾Ҳ˵Ǯɱ񼫣ûõɱƽ֤ݣҲðȻǮɱ֣ⱻϣ֮˵Ǳѹˡ
ַ˵ͷͬʱӿһ˿⣬Լֻͼʹ죬ɱл骣ŵǮɱˣԼлһĻ׼Ǯɱ޻˵
ַ㣬֪ǮɱѾüǿ¸Ǹƣ˵ǿҲ¥ϣ֮ǵİҪԸֻһСľͻԴƫƫ޷İǡ
ַЦ⼸Сûɣ
ֻһָ磬ﻹϣѾܶûмˡ
СõĻͻ֪ıþѾͻ˳ǿߣ˵ǿߣ㱾ﵽʮǿߣҲһս
ַ̻֪ڣȻַô˵һġ
̻ϲ˵ôͻƳˣڷѧԺǿߵİ֮£Ϊ˴Ŀǰֻ㣬þʲôȻô죿
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̻һŮַ֪㲻Լ˵һԼĿԣ˸Լ
ַߵʱַ̻̾㣬Ӱ룬ԽԽһ۵Сˣ
ַ¶˹ŹֵıԼһҪԼԸȽߣԼԼ
Щ䵽̻Ȼ۵Сޣɣڻʮ꣬ĩǰķɣδ꣬ԼֲȺãǸأ
ʵԼ͵Ļ̻Ůǿˣ̻ж˼ҹľ޴һŮûвżǿ
죬̻˵ԼСأһǶˡ
ַ뿪̻סãһԷɱС;ӣЩһ¶棬ͨʿսʿһԶԶܿ
ַ㰵üԼ²ڱǣʲôʱ򱱾ڶôŵү·˰Ե
ҹһְҵ˵ݱԼǿӼԼƽҪԣôǳүأ
ַһ˵Щ˭
սʿһץסʱһŭɫַģʱһЦ˵ԭԭսˣ
Щʲôˣôţڴ·зһаԵ
ԭս˲ʶǣЩ֣¥ʹ֮Գݸһȣ°Եƫƫսֻǣǲſ񡭡
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û𣬾Ȼҵү·
ϵľ񶼿ַģ׷ÿĿ⿴֣¥ϣ֮ʹ
ĿУ֣¥һٶһסˣǲ֪Լղ˵ʲôŵ˿ǵĿⶼԵúܲԾ
ַȻǰ棬нεľ˵ղ𣿡


171 
ټַʲףҲ΢΢һ漴뵽Լ֣ݳǣһһ֣ݳǵϣԼǰòĻ֣ϣ֮ǵ硣
˶ʮ꣬Ƥ𪣬òҲʮ㣬ˣӦûʲô£ϸûдžװ˵ݣϣ֮Ľ⸱ģ˵ĸĶӣĸ᳤ҵү
ֻһĻԼѵҲûʲô£Լڱǳ£־ƽ̨أҪ˵ɱһĶӣԼɱһҲûʲô˵ġ
һС᳤ӵĻǾ͸õˣǾȨĳУսʿ빫ֻǾӵĸӹҲûʲôϵ
ΪԼѷ涼뵽ˣַʣֱ׳˵ôˣ㵱ӵ·һ仹Ƕˣ
Ȥǣеľϳڴַ㣬¥ϣ֮ʹ֣ϣ֮ˣȴûһϳַ˭
Щ˼ַ㵱סǵȥ·ΪַôԲȡ裬ΪԼͬղӲĻ
Ŀ֮£ַ˵ͷšһ
ַ˱飬ЩǾôЦղн˵˴ԵĻַ֮ȴû̫ķӦ
ΪԷԼܸ仰סˣżЦ
Χ۵ҲȻЦǷ·𿴵Ц飬һȺСڱǵһǿǰҫ벻ЦС
ʹŵһٸ˸ղŻ󣬵ͻȻ䱻Χ۾ĴЦЦˣղųַľ٣ʵ벻ԼղˣЩĴЦȴڰʾȷ顣
ַͻȻһ⣬ǻûпôһ£ղַ٣Դ˳ȥƤڵϹʮ֮Զ
нԴȻų΢Цֻıӡ䡢Ѫֱϴʱı鼫Э
˵ַ̫죬нϵı黹ûüתͷѾ˳ȥ
ֱپѪϸߣʬ˵ڵصʱͬǻûзӦôһ¡
ʹŵˣǰһдǶԸղȥнʵʮֵϿɣнѾͻ㣬֣ȫҲһǿߡ
ڴϣȴһòƸ˸նˣһǰĮˣһɱǿߣ˵жôĿֲ
Ȼʹŵ˻ûвµַݣȴ֪ǰ˾һ֪صĶ棬һλַ㾿ʲôˣȴ²ˡ
еľ񶼴ʹŵľǣǵɫѾʮѿڴ֮ǰһΪԼԼϣ֮ǣҪ߹Щͨˣǽ죬ȴһϸ˵סɱһͬ顣
ѿǣȻΧ۵ľкãǳ֣ʹŽһٶС٣ȴûһ˸ַ֡
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л˵Ҫ֡
˳˵ĵطȥһӰٵĳ񱼹˿ݵٶȣΧ۵ľ
˽ǰʹŵ˿˵ģ׷¶ϲɫ
˽йǵս־ƽµһϽ˵˵ΪǿѾﵽ㣬һƷɱղˡ
һʹŵľٴϲϽã޹ɱǵһͬ飬Ǿ˴ˣ
ַһۣ¶˾η֮ɫ־ƽһɵˣַ㲢Ҫȥַ㣬ȴǴҲȥô
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Ͻ֣ϣ֮ˣһֵ˾Ҳÿ
ʹŵһٻΪַѹϵƫַ̻㣬Ű־ƽԼ־ƽ־ƽѹˣһ಻òַˡ
ʹŵ˴۾鷢ˣһ˵˾ҲЩ۵Ķǣҹ
⵹ǹԶţ־ƽҲַ㣬ֻᷴʹŵˡ
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нݺݵĵͷ˵ãַ㣬Ҽסˣ֣ϣ֮Ǿưոݡʲôַ֡㣬Ǻųƻսַˣ
нĻ˵һ룬ͻȻ
ԭԼղǱǵһǿַ㣬Լ˵ưոݣһ̣н޲ôԼͣԼ˭Уȴƫƫлս֮Ƶַ㡣
ʹŵ׹ղŹƫַ̻㣬ΪǺá
Ȼ˵ĩиַѾɱҲΪݣԾǿ˵ż̤һ·Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ղȥϧ˭ãȴƫƫַ㣬ֻ˵Ҳᡣ
ַǰ˵ִˣ˵ô
ԺڱͷҪôţҹ

УĻһӵǮɱϸѯ߽ͷһУһģѯʵĪ֣ô
ģ˽Ī¥¥ϣ֮˾־µĵɽǸشʹ
ǮɱѯʣĪһ˵ַҵɱˣȻţֻǲַ֪㣬㣬ࡣ
ǮɱһԽӿڵ־ƽҵ鱨пַӦңһնɱһǿߣ˵Ҳ㣬ϣӦòǺܴ󡣡
Ī￴˿ǮɱװȴûΣīıδ󺺣¶˼ɵ֮ɫ
˵ǮɱԵڣ㣬Щ˾̹Ŵ½¹ѪģǮɱʵ
ַﵽΣǮ³ĸ֣֮࣬ҳһˣҲַ㡣
ǮɱĿԼļʮ˵ĪֵĻ˵ĲǮɱҿºڣֻҪǲɴΧǣǾʲô£ߣҵ־ƽ׿ڶұ֤ǵľַ˽˶ԹһΣַ֪ȤĻҲˣ֪Ȥ鷳Ļұһˡ
ǮֹȻֺǮҪʲôĻֻܿڣĪƴǡ

ϵĶһ˵־ƽʲô˼ΪǮɱ˽ӷҲͰˣΪʲôҪǹȥ
֣ʤһԷ־ƽҪһ硣
磬Ǳǣ־ƽһս˾Ǯɱ¥ĪˣЩ˾Ȼǵĵϰں磬Ц
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ַޱ˵ûκοˮͣ־ƽǸˣеĻұʳ


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УĪͨԶƵϵԶ¥־񷣬һĲҰļҡ
־񷣬־ڲ֮⣬ƾ֣ͿԿ̺żҰġ
־ӰӫֳʱĪһͦ˵˾һаռƻԲС
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һֱΪģѹô꣬ڵ˴ֵʱˡǸַ㣬ϣҪ̫磬һҪֽľȫҡ
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ĪͻȻһ£ѯʵ˾Ǵ򳤰ǵСôˣ
ҿҪСǸǳĸҵ˶ԴµҲû˵ʲôֻСǸͬ⡣
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㶮ʲôǵʲô㣬Ҫ˵ǸŮˣСǸСѾͷյĻżʮҪҽõ˻żһ¥һͳµĲӿ졭˵СҲҿõһӣַ㣬ǮɱûʲôҿģߡСǸŮ˾ȻַǸСԹŮһҲŹȵʧȥüֵ֮ʱһп̷пĥԹŮ
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־ƽĿ̻޴ǰɨ¶̰֮ɫ
иƻǾģµ̻ɷˣǮɱĪʵҹ̨̻ţռķӪԺͿԹҹҹϸĺˣҲһֱڵĻᡣ
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ַĶ֣ʤƱڣ磬øʢĴŮߡ
ģˣǿɰ棬ʹص˼ˣǿҵռ
ַǸʯͷȴΪʲôӮôŮأһôƵˣ·͵̻ҲַĪĺøС
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ѵַǱȴǸɫħò˵ֶΣռôļƷŮ
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ǰĪַֻǮɱìܣ־ƽı֮ͽѱǸԽԽá
ڼַ㣬Īַ֪һױ˲ٿصӣ˼ȻܳãΪ롣
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ǮɱˣַҲֻδˣ˻ڣëһ𣬻һҰˣΪʲôѩֻ죬Ǯɱˡ
Ҫ˵ѩֻĸŮҲῴϳһǮɱĵһŮ˯ʱҪζѡ
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ĪĪҲ¶һ˿΢ЦȻϣԽԽãΪҶֱĻ¥һͳµ·ϣһŰʯ
Ǯɱȭͷ߬ĸ죬ҲǻвһСʵϣ֮˾벻ַһ棬ԵĻ
ǮɱַԼ߸ƣ־ƽԼַҲδܰԼôãԼҲЩڵı֮£ڱɱһѪ·ͻΧȥ
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ҾǮɱ
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־ƽĪԴĿ⣬ǮɱҲд˻ĵ˵Ҫͬˣַһѣȴͷڹˣ˻ǴԼǹʹԼȥԸַ㣬ƫмơ
ַ˵˵治֪һǵ˾ҲΪҰܳһͷأҷȰһ仰ûн֮ǰòҪĴܣҡУñ˵ɹ޸ɱ
ַǰĻֻ˵ԣ仰ȴɱʮ㡣
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Ǯɱַ裬ƤһӱóƤڣģԵҲ̫ۡ
ַ㣬˵ҳɣȴΪ˱ɫҲ룬ͬһǡ
ϵ˷׷׵ǮɱҲ̫˰죬ͱһսһ仰
˵ԼǸӺǣҲһս
ƣַ仰ﾪǮɱΪĿˣҹڴˣҲҪԷֵ𾴣ַһǶǮɱ裬ǮɱսַһøֶΣصĴǮɱ
ǮɱΪһַ֮㣬ҲӦսҪ˵ϱᵴȻ޴档
Ǯɱ˵Աһδ߳ȺǮɱ˵˾޷죬бְ֣˾ѵѵͽ
˵Ǯɱһʢڲ֮ǰǮɱһ̹ܵŴ½ŵϵѾﵽ㡣
ǮɱԤƣַᳬ㣬¶ԸַĻɵַӦò⡣
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˷׷׵Ǯɱ⻰Ϊ˫ֶѣֱҪֳѵǮɱɱַİգǮɱŻô˵
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ַ㣬Ϊڻȥһ̹Ŵ½ǿ߷׷ڻľڹͽǰǸҽ첻Ű㣬л˾ѩޣ
˵꣬ϵһӼ㡣
Ȼֻͻ˳֮һ㳬սʿϵ۽ʮ˿ֲĶࡣ


173  һ
󺺵ǿ󣬾Ȼͻ㣬˵ͻ㣬ﵽǿߣɱʮﵽǧľǿߣ
ֲǮɱԭȸ֣
ѽַĶˡ
һַ㶼ܲˣεε˵ָ磬˾Ȼս㣬ѵѵ֪ߵغĿͽɣ
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ǰǱѧԺǿУԴ֮ѸǿȻɰϲޣڱڣû˸СѾͷ
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Ĵ󺺴һ֪Լˣ˫ֻأ׼Լ֮ʱˡ
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󺺹ϵķһҽУһͷԵڵأһѪȾ˽µĵذ塣
ǵص֮ɰСЦ⣬·һóԵǺ«Ǣ⡣
˭뵽һƯŮʹأ

ǮɱҵĴһоԼһĸη·һڵˣǿߣκϣ֮ǶǾ޽еĴڡ
ǮɱǰĴ㣬ֻҪһǿߣڱǴŹʣһַ㡣
ΪԱȫŰǿȫϣĿľһǿܵвʱ˳ֽΧ
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ղսǿߣǮɱΪСŮԲڼСģ֮лԼ½ǸСѾͷܻ׽׸Լ֣֮á
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ЩҲ֪СѾͷȻû뵽̶ֲֳֿȣȻɱǿߡ
Žµʬ壬̴̵˵ڱﵹ뿴˭˭һ
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־ƽͷ˵ǼڣնҲնˣǮ˾ȴ޹ءߣǮ˾ұǵĿˣֶĻֻ»˳Ц
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Ǹ꾫ҲҪǵһϢ֮϶ʱ֡
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Ī⻰аǮɱǼԼԸַ㣬Լˮ
Īﻹûü˵־ƽһԽӿڵ벻Ī˸֣Ҳ֪ĸ֣Ǳս޲ʤȣ˭ǿһЩ
־ƽ֪Լַ֮ĹϵһֱôãȵַʰǮɱ֮˵ᷴʰҲϣĪɱַ㡣
ĪȻһԸԼ˳֣ܾĻƱػͬʱŭ־ƽǮɱ
ĪһЦ˵Ȼˣӥȥսֽ̼аɣ


174 
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ȻӥַҪǿ٣˵Ŀȴʮֵǫ顣
ַֻ΢һͷ˵ȻԼ㣬ԼǿսǿӦû̫⣬Լϵ۽Ļɱ˸׾١
ǿߣڱͻ֮ϵ۽ùرգַȴڵʱ֮飬Լסר
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Сʱַ֮˾㷹뿪˵ս
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⣬ַ㻹һ߱ƣǾѵܣһ˵ٶҪüܵİ£ӥԵеʱ򣬲ſԺ󷢶Ƶǿǿһ֮䡣
ϵ۽ַƶٶȣѾﵽǿ߶ʮ֮ʱٶȣĿǰڻľڣѧԺǿ棬ܴﵽٶȵǿ߶ûм
ڽʮƶٶ֮£ļʩ޷ַӰٶȣֱַӴǽͷԽܿذڣǱĪסС
ַʧǣ˰죬ȴûҵκõĶȻһֻ̨СַȴΪղ˿룬޷򿪡
ʱ洫˼˵
ַϸ֮£д󺧣Ī֮⣬ȻǮɱ־ƽ˵һߵۣһ߳
ַ㰵żһŶ룬ƱǷԼʱԼͶˣԼΪõĻսȴּ飬˷֮ǻЦ
ַ㿴£ȴĪֻһţ˵ߣĪӶ磬ֻһڡ
ַ̧ͷ¥и׶ķοնһݣֱ˽ȥ
ǸڶȻСĿռҲܴԭǸ¥ĴңȻȴպÿַ塣
ʱűƿĪǮɱ־ƽһߵ˵ЦһңڽŵʱĪﻹǲɢȻҪҪ־ƽǮɱ
֮Ǯɱȿڵ벻ַǿ󣬾Ȼɱﵽǿߣ
־ƽһ˵ұԸɵҹɷ죬ٽ̻ץʱоӣ㶼ᱻȫƣַȻǿȴҲסǧĽ
ַһ־ƽ˵⻰ʱǮɱĪϲû̫𾪵ı飬ֻ˵Ƕ־ƽһжָƣѾ־ƽж
벻־ƽ˵󣬾ȻҹȻٱңյľӣڱǼս֮УǱȽϱһ֧Զҹ̻еľսôأ
Ǯɱʱ˵ֶȨһ£ĪȻǶ֧֣³֮󡭡
³֮ұżеıĪ֣ҲǮֵԼʮɨƽݳǣʱǮֱԱ˹ˡ
ַĻףǾǮɱĪ֣־ƽԸҹɷ죬̻Լ
Ϊر־ƽżҪıƹĪǮɱʮӣºݳǡ
ַжʱ־ƽ޵˼㣬˵żеıƹǱҪĲƸԱǵҪԣڳǵĻżԳǵҪԡ
־ƽΪ˶ȨϧżеĴͱƹ¸ĪΪȡǮɱ֧֣ǲϧȻ̤ĩ򣬳Ǯɱɱݳǵƽ񣬵Ŀ
־ƽΪԼܹƴȨ˵伫ĳ֮йȶĪ˲ǲݡ


175 ݲ
Ī̾һ˵벻ַ˽ƻȻ뺼ݵĺѩָ֤Ǯ֣ǸŮ˱ǣΪǵļȶƻ˲ٱ
ǮɱЦ޷ǵ·߾ôֻҪɳ·Ϸǣסֳٰ֮αװ˹Ϯģַ֪ģҲû֤ݣֻܳԸưͿ
־ƽһԵЦĻǮֱǰ˹ˣ
ַ㰵ԼȻСǮɱԼһˣ޷Ԥ֪Ǯɱ־ƽһͼıڣȴԶЩ˵Ķƴݲá
ֻĪʵ֣µʱȷҹɷߵ֣ͬɵ𣿡
һĪֲõģɷѿģŽӰŵҹɷߣȻʱڣЩǱҹɷߵˣⷽƵĶҩֶҩĽҩֻһ˲ӵУЩ˷ڣֻҪһңЩ˱Գ䲻ɱҹɷ졣
ַٴһ־ƽҵԭҹɷ԰źӣֻҪһ£ܽҹɷڲ֪ڷ
־ƽͻȻң³֮£ҹɷľҲʱĻ֮УʱߵͻȻ֣ȷ֪ĸɵҹɷ졣
Ϊʲôֻҹɷ죬ȴŹ̻أ⵱Ȼ־ƽԭַһĹؼ
־ƽȻңֳôĶ˾Ϊ˱ҳһпܽҹɷƵ̻Լϡ
Ȼܶ˲Լ̻ңĪǮɱµĸ֣ᰵɱЩɵľսʿ
ʱҹɷһָ֤֮£̻ԼƱػΪ˺ĹʱǵĴȨȻ䵽־ƽˡ
Щһһ־ƽӦûܵ߼ƣһǳǸĪĪԴ
ַĪǵʵĿģһżеıƹ⻹һҪԭǾĪѱǳ׽ҡ
־ƽ˱ϣ֮˾ʧȥַ㣬̻ҹЩʧȥżеĽƹʱƱػսʽ΢Ϊ¥ϣ֮ǵĸӹ
ֻҪ¥취ڿ˳ǣпһԾΪʵϣ֮ǡ
ĩǰʷϵκʱ¥ϣ֮ǵɺǣһвΪ
ڣڱ泱Χ֮£ȫĵĴ᧿Σ޵սǿ
¥־ʱ̣ȫĵǰ;ΪأȴӵὫģ뼫ΣյĴУпȫĵֿҵ
һַ㲢ûм־ˣΪʹκ֪ĻˣΪ̡
ȥ̸۵ϸȻΰɱҹɷ죬ݺ̻Լ
ַаЦԼʹıԸͷԼǰһˣȻַɱȥһİտԿ־ƽĪǮɱ
˵̫⣬Լòǹ֤ݣȴðȻɱǣֻ»Ȼ󲨣¥־񷻹ᵹһң˵Լ޹ɱ¥ʹ
һȥʱ䣬ַҲûκõϢ˿ɫѺڣַſ˶εϵ۽û̫ϣ
ܹһϵ۽ַѾӵκ˶߱øԴҲûб̫벻ĵڶϵ۽Ŀˡ
ַ㰵ˣԼϵ۽ĻֻԼȥǱܱߵʿ֣ͻᱻ޴ڵͷʱԼֻ¥вסһҹȵڶָϵ۽ٴ뿪
漴ַϵ۽֮ٶȣܹˣɵ뿪Īҡ
Ȼⶰվ֮أַƶٶʵ̫죬ټϴ˿ɫѺڣַ㲢ûзѶ㿪Щڰڡ
ЩַӭʿǣûпַӰֻǸоһɾЩʿвɵð֣Ŀûһ˿磬ΪʲôڲȴһСأ
ַ㲢ûлԼסֱȥ̻սָӲһַţ̻Ů˾ĻϲľګԼҽԼˡ
̻ĿֻΪ˽¶־ƽһ£вӿһ˿ʧ̻ǷǲֵˣҪԣַȥҹ˾ۡ
ҹĹ̻֮ۡ˵ַĪ֮һС
ҹҲеԣϣ֮ǽһΣҪˣã˵ϣ֮ǻսʹϣ֮ˣڵȫŬΪӰ
ҹϸַĪ￴һУȻַΪʲôԱܹؼأĪңȴַ֪˴ڿûлַĻʵԡ
ҹŭǱϣ֮¥ϣ֮ǲûн飬¥ϣ֮ȴԽΪɳʹʹ֮иǼ˴ĸ֣֪ĪĿĺܲ򵥣ȴû뵽ô󵨣ȻҹĶ־ƽȻң
ҹ仰û˵ǰ־ƽҹжôĲȻûҵʵȴĪǮɱĹĶ֮£ȡҹ
Ϊ˶Ȩ־ƽȻŵżıƹ͸¥ϣ֮ǣŵ³֮󣬽ʮЭǮɱݡ
־ƽΪѾʧȥһ߱Ļ֪ΪԼ棬ȫȻ˱ǵδˣɱһٴҲΪ
̻ĿǰΣյ飬Ī־ƽ˾˾߰ߣЩ˲ԼǱһֻϻԼͷϻԵ֪ôһ£ҽͨĴ͵ԣýͨ¼Ǹͽҳ
ַ㲻ͬ˵ҿԿ϶һ㣬ܹǱ˾˾ߵһͣߣǾ°ѱǣʹô͵ԼʩҲδܹҳǸ
ϵܣ˵Ӧô죿
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־ƽ̻Ǹַͷѣ׻˵Ӭ޷ĳ־ƽҪҹߵˣһЩвȺõĽ֡
˵ЩϲĲһ£˶ʮľ䣬Щÿ·ŵݺңֻ»ϼѵġ
ȥϲȥֹŮˣ߰ŮˣⶼǼǮ飬ƾһ㽫룬ҪڻֹȱŮˣ
־ƽп֣գȵץסһЩİѱ֮вǣõҪ鱨
ַ㲢ְҵ̽ô̵ʱڣȴרҵ̽ЧķѰڼ飬ҹ̻ѡ
ַ̻ҲøӵĽȴףַӵǿҲˣΪʲôȴôϸ緢ڶʱ֮ڣܵİţ
ַȣ־ƽҲãǮɱҲãǵıˮƽ̫Զ
ַЦЦһ֮Уܹ֮ʮ֮ãΪôǿȻҲ㼫ǿһ֮У̫ǿ˶Ⱥˣȴĩڡ
ʹһôãкҪһԭϸ緢磬ĩУѣıڣκһССпַܽ
пĩʹ˽СΣԸܹĩгĹؼڣڱ˵ƣҲַֻĩлʮ֮õ񣬲ſ̵ʱڣЧķ
ڵ鷽ҲĿǰԱ޷ġ
ַĽܳҹѾȫŷڷ˾ΣʵʵϴһӦôһɣ
ķȻǽ־ƽǮɱĪץһ־ƽľֻ»Ǻܶ߼٣Ƿ־ƽƵĶҩЩ˶־ƽģɱǮɱĪϣ֮£ϣ֮ǵĸӰ졣
ҹһѯʵϵܵ˼ץסͼıİѱ֮ȻٹĴǣ
ҵ˼ȷ־ƽĪǮɱ˵Э֮£ӽҵĲֻҪһȥͿСʧǣʹζҵΣС
ַ飬ҹ̻Ȼȫ֧֡
ַ˿ҪǵĺѩЦ뿪ݳǲã㰵ѩ˾󣬴ŹȥǮɱв֤һҲӦҲˡ磬־ƽΪǮɱµϣй¶ѩҪǵϢĿǳ״ǵļƻʹ֮УĿѾﵽ쿪ʼһԳӭӺѩ˾ⳡҵĻ
ҹ̬־ƽңϵ˾ȫȨ𣬾鲻ұ棬ʲôҪµȫϡ
ҹһ仰ѱδһʱĴȨȫַϣֳַ̻˵ĳΡ


176 
ѩĳӣԼһǧ˻˱⡣
ӵ˻ûдлعһٶ˷·һ㣬סӡ
һ֣ǰļʿ㱻Ⱥйնһ㿳ԴȺ˵ʵΪǿˣҲǧ
ͷļˣǴﵽĳݳǵʿȻռƣǵȴ˲˺üΣЩ˲ŻɱһĽγǰ
һĳˣݵ˽γĳţڳڿĲǺݳǵĺѩһʮСŮСŮ༫Ϊɰһ˫۾Դζ֮䣬һͷĶ̷ͬ˰

ϳ˳Ůݣǰڵսϣһնɱһǿߣͨ£Ѿʹ˲֪˲֪ʿ
еЩڳеĺѩѰ٣ɰµȴ˳棬ĪԼ
˵еһѾ˵ĺ˵صʱŵķųţŮ緶˳
˵ǰԵúŮɱ˻ַǰۣʱһѽһЦ֮䣬¶˺ÿݡ
Ⱥ˿³֪֮мˣһ˼죬һڡ
˵õ˵İţתܣʱԶһХ𣬼ǧʿٴӸ֮˳ʿС͵ļڣ׼һٶˡ
ͷˣһĶһϵ֣ʤ
Ķ΢΢ЦϴµĲЩ˹ȻͶˡ
֣ʤȻЩûһǧߣƾսûôӲ֣ҿЩУһĪǮɱµǿߣǰЩסĪǮɱ죬Ҳ޷ΪԼ
ǻʲôǣȥϴｻ
Ⱥ˼ΧסһĶ֣ʤڵλñͻΧȥ
Ķһ˵ڣ
ĹһȺˣƬ֮䣬ʮ˱Ļ֣ʤЩȫַĴ£һԽеֻҪͶǱֹͣ
б㽫ȫɱ

Ⱥ˴󲿷ֶǵսĪǮɱµ֮ͽɣȻȴûһ˿Ͷ
֣ʤ֮£еʿѾֹͣ
Ķһ˵ǣɱȥסЩˣ

ͬʱԺݵĺѩҲһͨ˱ǡ
ִ硭
ѩַȣ̺¶ȣƺҪַڻˡ
ַܿѩȵĿ˵һΣҪǰҪۿǮɱε̨ġ
ַ˵Ǯɱѩһ޺޵ı˵ǮɱǸ人ϣ֮ǣɱҺݳǽʮҺݳÿһˣ޲ýƤһΣҶۿ
̻ҲҹӭѩĵãۺѩַĹϵжôУվĨȥѩһ֮ݡ
Ȼݳǲ籱ϣ֮Ӵ󣬵ѩȴҹݣ񱱾սΣҹѾѱһнַ̻ƿأ̻Żҹӭѩĵá
ѩ˶ֲʧϵģ̻ѩ󣬵ȴƾԼļǿǣںһ˵һŮȨϣ֮ǣƾһ㣬Խ̻ѡ
ǰ̻ǰԹѩǸ꾫ǧټƵĹַ㣬ַƭߵʱ̻һѩԵŮһʲôģ
˺ѩ֪֮Ů˵ɫȡ˵Ůˣȷʵ汾¡
̻˵˾Ƿǳʱ̣Ǳϣ֮ǲܶ¡صĽӴ׺˾½⣿
ѩҲڰй۲λߴԵŮһ̣Ϊʲô̻˳Ϊַĺ֪һģȵģǵŮû˲ϲ
ȻѩҲһǵ˾ȴ֪Լĺݳǣ뱱ȣֻǴǰһСߣ߸ûԣݳľ˾ڻľڵӰ̻ս˾
ѩ̻֣˵ұȽ㻹ҪСһ꣬ҾͳƺΪ̻ɣ˵ִڱһλĺ֪һ̻㣬СøղŲһ㾪Ϊˣ
̻޺ѩ˵ƺԼΪΪ˵ŮѩԼγֲһ˾Ϊ˵ľŮأ
̻뺫ѩһĹ֮ڣͬʶ˶ĽһҲĲģٱ˿ʮѺãͬʱжöԷԱȽ֮⡣
ʱĶ֣ʤѾ˳ǣѩ֮һȥڸ˶࣬Ҳûע⵽ϵĲ졣
ַʵ𣿡
Ķ˸߲ҵ˵Ȼˣ˭ѽһЩСëֵ
֣ʤȴüͷ˵벻Щ˵սôǿһʼʹڻ˶ԷһˣԵΧǣȻЩ˼ֵܡ
ʿַ㵹ǲ̫ϣ־ƽǮɱ˼ȻϮѩȻɳµһǿߣһͻԼһҲԱ⡣
ַʵУûǮɱĪˣ
ֻҪЩ֮̿ҵǮɱĪˣǻǿڣҲƲϵ
һסʮˣжʮǵľľ٣жʮûݣϲĻЩӦĪǮɱˣǡ
ʲôˣ
Ƕʮˣס֮һʮӲôǶ˵Լĺ̨ʱ䣬ʷϵĿļ֮£Щ˲ųԼݣһΣǳ˴ˡ
ַҲ΢΢һĶСӲɺ£ѧʷϷĿĶĵ꣬Щܵˣһп̳֮Ͳס¶ɣ
־ƽİɱѾʧܣӦúܿͻңԼĿǰҪģ־ƽΪ֮ǰһ򾡡
ʱҹһַѯ֮£֪ҹѾѰͶ־ƽٸץ
ѯʺַ֪Ͷ־ƽҹߵһϽսһȥħɽΧԳַ֣ҲϽӡ൱
ϽȻս¸ңȴϲǮں˴ݺңծ˱ǷǮĹ֯вڻֹиǰ˺üõģһжҪݺңƫƫûжǮ
־ƽǷо޶ծָϽŮȥ˴ݺң־ƽȻԵ޹ô
Ͻ־ƽл֮ʱ־ƽûҪԷҹһʼϽͬ⣬־ƽҲûΪֻҪ渶ݺҡ
ϽȻòΪ־ƽ¡
־ƽϽй¶鱨вʹϽͶ־ƽ
죬Ͻ־ƽͷ·ϣҹܴ
Ͻ֪һˣʲôҲ˵
Լļȥ̽ʱ򣬾ųױԼ֪һ顣
ҹ˳ϣְɷߵԵ׾˳
ַʮ˵־ƽ˵ʱˣߣȥľ
һ֣ʱ˸ղŵĲ죬ַӧ
ַİ֮£̻Χ˵սֹ־ƽĪ˳ӣҹǩİֱսָӲ
ҹİУȷָ־ƽĪǮɱıңϮѩЩ˵Ĺʣ˵֤ȷ䡣
ΣͷҹԱǾ˾ݣǩ˰־ƽһְ׷־ƽִԲˣշá
һУַٻϵȨ


177 ˵ɵװɵ
ʲôˣ
ַ˿һٴżʿǰסǲʵ
ĶһԴѾģɵװɵǶʶĹĪǳƨˣ
սķڵĴſڣһųľټַ˿Ǳǰסַˡ
ٵȻ᲻ʶַ㣬Ҫ˵ַ㣬ַĶ֣ʤ磬Щ˸ڱӵкպǿߣͨʿҲ᲻ʶЩˣοЩˡ
ַһųϳַԼַߵˣղʶԷʲôˣֻѯʰˡ
ĩǰЩһľ죬һŮһ۶ԿԱкˣү裬Ȼʮ㣬¹ĴʶԷԱ֮ͬ
ĩǰһЩɵƣű˵֤װʶ֣ʶԷ龰ҲΪơ
٣ַˣȻҲôʣⲻѯʰˡ
ȴĶͷǶŭڵĴһ٣·ղ˷ָʮһ㡣
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Ȼַ㲢޹ְӰţ˿ȼս˾Ͷ٣һССųȻַĴСĵһСѯʡ
Ķʶ˭ˣʲô˰ɣ
ųĶֲָҷ༥һִа˵λˣְǸŵĵͼ٣ʲôĲԣ˵ĲԵĶԷ뼸λ˺ְҲֻǷ£ûðλ˼
ַȻĶһССųѣ˵Ҫȥ־ƽòҪͼǣԸ
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Ķһ˵ǲǿǺ˵ŸҶģ
¹ٲҡ
צӲÿ뿪壡
ĶĿţųٶȰԼָ˻ȥȻĵȰ˵ַ˵ҿλǵһ°ɡ
Ļû˵ַ꣬Ѿ˵սһʿܹų˵ųǴȥˣǲǹȥץ
쵰˵
ųһһִ̧ʿһ⣬ƿڴץ𣬸ղЩһͿ԰һСӻˣҲҪҡ
˵ʿҲĳ٣ֺöԷԴȴôʹһУڰһ⣬Ͻ˵ǣȴеùԼƨĵţƨˡ

־ƽõַѾսϢ֮еĪǮɱµǿȥѩһٶǿԴȥ֮󣬵ȻѶ
Щ˳ȥѾ˶ʮСʱЩ£ȴûһ˻ҲûзκϢ֪ЩѾѾˡ
ַ˴˵бµַһԼ˷ѩһйأڴ˼żѵ˵
ĪȴһƬһ˵ַ˽
Ī֣ҿһǱַ֪ˣʦǼֻ´£
ĪﰵģַģҲûá
ܻҲ㲻ȥıַȫ֪ˣ˵ҹ̻Ҳ֪£Ȼ㲻ȥǲ翴ַ˵Щʲô
Ī֣˵ҹҲ֪ˣıҹ̨ᱻҲҹַ֪أ
֣ҹɷ߰ŵļǲͻȻϵˣ
ӽҾʧȥϵѵѾҹץˣ
뵽Լıпܱ¶־ƽɫһӱüΪ԰ףԼͼıѾҹַ˳ˣĻҹַ˵ʲôҲŹԼ
Ī￴־ƽɫ԰׵ģο˵ֲú£ҹַʲô֪²ʮҹַұĻƴƣºһȥ¥ϣ֮ǣҸҵһ¥ְλһڱǸߺܶࡣ
ǮɱҲظ˵һַ˵ĻǾСӣ뿪ǣֲԸȥ¥Ļ֣ݳǵľ񶨶ɨӭ˴үү
ĪǮɱ壬־ƽҲ˵ĪǮֹȻ˼ãҾͽַ˽˾˵ʲô


178 ̹ͨ
ַ֮־ƽĪǮɱȻڴ֮еȺʱ
˷˼ַ˽֮˹ⲻַ㣬·ַһǵ۾ȴûë
·ǿƼĶǴЦ˵Ŀ֮󣬲ͻȻ˵쵹ǸĶˣʡһȥˡ
󵨣ʲôطݵʴʣ
Ķһ䳰ȷ־ƽò˵仰ˣҪȻŽȻ޴档
־ƽĻ֣ʤһԴݴұϣ֮ǣľӸȫǾľӣΪǵһ֣˵Щʵôͳ˴ʴأҿ˾ԼͿ˰ɣ˵״Σ
㡭
־ƽʱĶϲϻƪĵȣ֣ʤһǳĵ͵˭Ҳû뵽͵һˣ˵˷Ļ
־ƽȵַͻȻѣֶԼδǰ;Щģɵü½ű֣ʤһ仰סˡ
ĪƤЦⲻЦ˵λֵô˵ͲˣȻϣ֮ȫǾģսȴ˾ཨģսʮʿ˽ԸΪ˾ͷ­Ѫλô˵˾д˾µʮȴδػŹǡ
ĪԼʮ־ƽĵһ㣬ַߵ˾ữһࡣ
Ǯɱ˺ѩ˵벻˾Ҳˣ֣ϣ֮뺼ݳǽڣƽʱĻȴ࣬벻ȴڱͷ
ԩҲͷǣǴۿǧеġ
ѩӣ־ƽڴסһλᣬŭ˵˾ǮұĿˣô˵Ǻ⣿
ѩչеһֽ˵ѾǮɱɱƽ״Ϯҵϱҹ˾ҹ˾ϣǩǩĩϣ֮ǴǮɱдҪҰغݳǽС
ǮɱһȻ֪һԼݣӭĽʲôˡ
Ǯɱܾ־ƽ˵֮κҲǮ˾ץߡ
ĶЦ־ƽѾѱˣϮ˾飬ҲҲ룬ϣͨҹ˾ߵһϽв֮£Ѿҹ˾ץҹ˾Ѿս˾ְ˼׷־ƽշﴦá
־ƽߵоٲȻɫ벻ҹǿӲһֽ־ƽеľȨ
־ƽȨվãöҩߵˣһͻʱԼ֪վһߣ
һߴЦһĿַ˵ǿˣַ㣬Ҫͼıݺ˾
־ƽһ˵ԶԡַеľһǼٵġ
֣ʤһԷ̵˵žǼٵģԼԿһ£Ǹҹ˾ӡɵ˾Թ
Ķеľлתһ飬оٶˣžϵӡǧȷ
Ȼӡģ˵ʲô˵˹ҹ˾ӡαҲ˵
־ƽԵһһԴһַ̻ǱΪ飬Юҹ˾ѳϣ֮ľȨαǾϵ
ԣһҪŽ˾ߡ
ٷ׷׵ͷߵĻд󲿷˶־ƽƵĶҩÿһʱ䣬Ҫȥ־ƽȡҩ־ƽԵĻᶾĲҲԡ
ЩٲǿԼ־ƽ޹ġ
ַĿ˵ѪѧԺѰɣ̹Ŵ½̹ͨκ̹Ŵ½ǿߣø̫֮ͣΥ߽ᴦΪ̹Ŵ½ˣȴ˿̹ͨĹ涨ѵͲĻ̹Ŵ½׺䶥Ŀ𣿡
һַΪʲô֪Щ£ȻѧԺ˲ڻľڴʽϺõѧԱڽǴ̹Ŵ½죬ѧԺǿ֮ȴԼǾʱ̹Ŵ½̹ͨһй¶ȥ
ַûе֪ЩģЩ²ѧԺǿǸģô֪Щأѵȥ̹Ŵ½
ܣԪĿƼˮƽ޷Խ涴̹Ŵ½ѧԺķɴһԽԪռ䣬пܽ룬ĿǰѧԺУûһѧԺԼԪյѧع̹Ŵ½
ַ㵱Ȼȥ̹Ŵ½Щ¿Ҳ;˵ģ߲֪ǣַȷȥ̹Ŵ½һβ̵ʱ䣬һ
Цʲô̹ͨں˵˵ɣ
һʲ׵վ˵ϣ̹Ŵ½ҲݵˣôԪҲҪˣȻ˵ص̹Ŵ½͵ϣըƬɡ
ɣĶ˾ǲݺԹ۵ҲˣҪ侮ʯ
ô˵ˣֻ㲻Ҫ̹ͨѡ
һڣĶ֣ʤһͷˮ־ƽĪ˶Щͷԡ
־ƽѪѧԺǿһϵãպ߲Ϊ־ƽͷͬѪѧԺֽнɣȴַ˵˶벻ףɣַزʶΪʲôͻȻ˵
ɣַĿ¶һ˿Цַ֮ôһ£ڻ̹Ŵ½֮ǰ˽ѪѧԺУһЩ˽ѣҪǰԿԼ
˼壬£ɣϵͷ
һ˿ɱ˵ɣô˵Ǵ˾Ϊˣ
ϲҪ˵ôأֻվϣѺϲҪѡ
вѪѧԺǿߣƽﶼ־ƽٵĺôжƫ־ƽղһͷǿҲ侮ʯûַ㡣
ǽɣһ˵ѪѧԺǿǱͷˣڿһʣһΥ̹ͨ򣬵ֻҪؿƿ̹Ŵ½Ҳʲô˵顣
ǽɣȴ֪ô£ϡͿվַϣɣص̹Ŵ½»㱨ȥֻҪ˭־ƽͷ˭ϣ׷֮࣬󲿷ֵѪѧԺǿ߾ˡ
ûе£иǰ㣬ֻҪԼ̹Ŵ½̹ͨ޷ƲԼԼԪģģ̹Ŵ½ޣ֪Ҫǿ˶ٱȻԼαػ̹Ŵ½
ɣһʰ㣬ַ㣬ڴ֮ͥݺ˾㣿
־ƽĪǮɱдϲֻҪվһߣַ㲻Ϊ壬ҹҪ־ƽľȨҲôġ
ֻҪַһ̻һɱɢ־ƽѪѧԺǿߵ֧֮£ȴ׾ٵİҹ̨
뵽õδ־ƽЦ
ɣɫһ䣬ûϵԼľ֮£˿̹ͨ򵱻£Ĳ̹Ŵ½˵Ż޼ɵ
УȻҪַ֤İȫַ£Ҳö罻
뵽ɣһ˵Ȼ˿̹ͨ򣬶ǴΪ㲻̹Ŵ½ˣҾѪѧԺ̹Ŵ½ͽ
ɣҲԼӣȻвɱ㣬ɱַ㣬ٽз˾һ򾡡
ϱ̬սľǷ׷׽ѾͶ־ƽսһߣʮɣȴֻо;
˫ȻֻһĲ࣬ȴȫɣûдﵽʮ֮ǰֻһĳ
ڳ۷״̬Ժϵ֣Ҫɱɣһײ顣
ҪɱַĻǾ͸ˣʮ㳬۷ǿߣȫɱ㳬ǿߵ
ɣУ֪ԼǺϵĶ֣Ϊ飬Ȼԥվ˳һԵַ˵ͷɣǸֵһѡ
ַͻȻڵ֣ϼȻǳģһսͽҰɣȰһ仰ҪΪʮΪĿһУԪΪ
˵ҲҪΪҾΪһθ㿴ֻгСϡ
ַҽѵԼӵʮ۷ǿߣɱ


179 
ַͷûһ㲨·վǰһЦСʵȴǣǸ˵һǾԵͿѹ
֣ʤѩַܹǿǰֹˮоƣ߱ġ
ǳԼĿ⣬ǶԾĴ۾ɵĸˡ
ң԰ɣ
仰ͬһƽؾףһƬˡ
⻰˵Ÿݣַȴ仰˵˳Եǿһǿѽ˵Ļӿײǽĳ嶯
ַ̫ˣ
ѽǿ˵ԵһҲͰˣѪѧԺǿǰʲôҲ㲻ϣѪѧԺǿǰƫƫ˷
Űɣַſһͱˮһˡ
Ī¶һ˿΢Ц̹Ŵ½ǿԽѵַ㣬ַȻһַһҹ̻˵ʵƱػܵش
֧ҹ̻˵ľӽ־ƽĵսĳͻ
˭յʤϣ֮ǶԪˣʱ¥Գƶȡϣ֮ǵǿƵλΪϣ֮ͷ
ȫĵϣ֮ǣ˵ᱻ¥ϣ֮շôһĻ¥˲ĿüĪУҲֻгĿ
Ǯɱ־˵֣˵ϼпַ㣿
аɣϾϱַǿַ̫ܹ֧࣬оͲˡ
ǵδأ̹Ŵ½ʱ򣬾ͺųƺһƣʮµǿߣֻҪһƴͿԽжԷԴַôУ
̹Ŵ½Ҳøʢǿߣʮµǿ߽֣϶һɱЩ£ľĺܶٶš
ַ㲻Ĵڣںǰֵסһжѣһ̣ҲַսҪԴ䡣
κĶŭˣҲҿ̹Ŵ½ǿһбееľʳˡ
ѽҲ档
ַΣˡ
ô˶ַģѩ¶˵֮ɫ磬Ķַʮ㡣
ѪѧԺ⼸ǿ߼ҪԳֽѵжֻ֮ģȻźϻܣȴҲ뿴ַ㱻һƻкģ
ڣַķͷ̫ǿˣѧԺǿ߶ַȥʹѧԺǿ߸еԼܵ𺦣ǲ뿴ַԴĻ档
ϾԼһֻǿ֣߳δ۸֮ӡ
ȵ˵ַ㣬ᣬнΪҲΪףһ㣬ҲҲ˵۸ˣɣУ֮ȻеҾݵĻұһƱ㡣
ַҲ֪˼ǣȻɵƵװ󷽣ڿҪԼУԼͽظͷ
ͷͻȻһƬŤգַ΢΢һݣһźıС
ַǰǿ²ϵ۽Ҳȸովܣϵ۽ʱǿ̫࣬Уожء
ѱڼǰַż֮ƹȻǰС˺̶ܶ࣬ȴʤǰַҲӵĳ֡
ַе룬Ҳһ˿̰֮ɫı̹Ŵ½ҲԼֻҪɱַ㣬Եõѱˣ벻Լ۶ײˣ
ˢ
ַеıΪâΧ˺ġ
΢΢һ벻ַıʹ˿ݣбոһֳȫҪ
ַ¶΢ЦʹõĽؼ׽ַһڣ̹Ŵ½һɽżȻõģһʩչʮϵǿҲҵ֮
˵ҪֻزԼУֿԣַ׽ʹǿһǿȻºϡ
ַ㻹δﵽ֮ǰֻʹؼһЩȽϵһĽڴﵽ֮ʹʩչһЩȽϸӵĽС
ؼһ콣Ӱǵء

ϼһĿٱóһѱסΧƹ콣ַ꣬ĽȻԶʤߣȴԷһ룬ڶԷķ֮£ַ屻˵һߡ
ַȻ˿е˶ˣǾǸղַһ֮£̹Ŵ½ϱɱͶ·񵲣ȫΥ˸ղֻزĳŵ
پ̲סЦϸղţƤĺ죬ַĽµ֮ϣҲ˵ȥ
ǽһУ㱻ַƵóղŲԶԶǿַĻʱѾˡ
Ҳ˵սЦеĳ֮⣬İƤһ߳ɫͬϹһȺϺס
ĶһԳЦͷղǵڼˣҲʶܸܲһ
ϵɫøѿĶ⻰˵̫ˣ˵ԼַһƵͶ·飬Ʊ磬Ǳ˳Ц
̹Ŵ½֮жЩԪûаκǿ߷
бǵһǿ֮Ƶַ㣬ҲΪԷ˵ɽϻӳƴֻҪԼһ֣һƾͿԽַһѡ
ղַСϣоԼıǶУУһ̩ɽĻַҲ͵̩ɽµһ΢
ڣһ΢ȴƵһֱӳĿ֮£ƵʳԶʣǺεȵܴѽ
ٵϣһ߸ϵĵڴͻȻһؤֱؤ˼ţ˼ĭ
ַ㣬Ҳɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
ϱףʧȵģǮɱ־ƽһá
ַղŵĽȻϾֻ̫ҪԷıͻᱻԷǿ塣
Ǯɱָָ˵ѽַ͵һ㣬֮ٽϱƵ¶ȫ˵֮Լָ˺ӣ˵ϸм֮£һղȴһ֮䣬ϱƵæңȻһ֮䣬̹Ŵ½һǿ߱ƵʳǼˬ飬ԾĹ
־ƽҲÿ϶Ŀ˵һַ㽫ϱƵڴ֮ͥ·쭣ܻĻұҰԼıӳȥ
۹ҿԼû˸ˡ
ϱַƵһʧţŭ죬˿̣ҲʲôŵԲŵԵģֻһ뷨Ǿɱַ㣬ϴˢԼܵĳ衣
һУеıһâַ㣬һֻ֣򵯳磬̺˺ȫֻҪһ㾢ַ壬Ҳܽ
߿籩һĹ֮£ַĶţۺ˻޷˵ַһͷ
һٽֹʵ˵̹Ŵ½ʱ򣬶ʮµǿߣȫɱųʲôֲõڶƣǸղŽƲãȴûַһë
˺ųƺһƣҿһƱеԼԴ޸˵İɣҪȻ̹Ŵ½ʮ֮µǿߣȲǱǿҪȻôľ棿
ôˣôལӲûַ·ǣôƶˣҿɴһбԼˣҲһƱеУʵ
ľĴ̹Ŵ½˲ûкøУиǺܶ˳ַ㣬˵֮ʱеĺܶ˲֪վַϡ
ַͻȻһ˵ס
ͣʵ𣿡
нΪ֮װɣ
ʲôϵ
ٲ֪ôұһն㡣
Ǯɱ̲ס˵֣˰ɣַıûѧţƤıµõǷ켫һСϣȻ˵Ҫһ֮նһʮǿߣ
־ƽҲһԳ£Щ˾ǿԼʲô˵ҵҪһճ
սľҲ۵ַһϲ˵󻰣ϵǿһȴǧȷ飬ַȻ˵Ŀ񻰡
βַ֪ͻȻˣаա


180 ˵߾
һնңжٵȻ˵һնһǿһǿߣҿҽնСӻࣿ
˾źϵ仰ԣٲãҲַһַղϽֵʱҲͷҪȻԷľԿѹ
ȻһַۻҵĽƵúǱڵͷҪʤĻǾԵַĿôΪʲôղȴӲƴأ
ôģȴַһˣڳڵսУַѾ˵Уһ޵еӡַĶԽǿַԽܷӳԼǱǿС
Ȼַղ˵һ֮ͿնѪѧԺߣһ
ϴ͡
ϸ͡
ָ磬һǸ϶Ϳˬˡ
Ķ˷׷Ϊַ
ַ˵ͷʱѾ嵽ַǰеıǻâʮַն˹ȥ
Ͻ´Ĵʯֱӱ˫̤飬ϸ߸߷ˮмǾˡ
Χ۵˷׷ױɫղΪַԵֵסϵľǣ˿Ҳɫ䣬ǾΪںȫһ֮£ַǳˡ
־ƽַҪ𣿡
Ǯɱһ˷ܵ˵ⲻҲһֱڴ𣿡
һֱڴǹͬڴַˣҲûΪѩǸСѾͷˣͿԱ˹飬Ҳȥһĸ󻼣ҿ˵Դϲ
ַĵı׼˺ϵؿڣֱӿϵ۽ͻȻ䣬ַϵȻﵽʮ㣬漴廯ΪһӰߡ
ٿ񱼶˵ĺϵͻȻ٣һͣһɹѪ˳ؿڿڴʯϣб׹أǷһ졣
˶ˣϵؿڱַһ̴̹࣬Ŵ½ľǿ߾һ֮һʱַ֪㲢û˵ѣȷֻһУն˺ųһƱееĺϡ
ǰ߿ʼģȴһҶҪȻͻƶǣ˿ڣһغȻ֪Լܻȥһ£ҪȻĿ
ַ㣬ıѾΪʲô㻹ܿϵ۽Ϊʳܲ˾޴ģ֪Ϊʲôڿϵ۽֮ȴûб
ϼѵ˵仰۾ʹʡһʹԻþһ㣬ٿԻַ˵ĳЩ
ַ㵭˵һ˵ܣ޿ɷ档
û뵽ַն˵仰͵һѪǰ˵ͬСһ㵹ȥ
ַɱϣ˸ַΪʲôܹͻƳ֮Ȼܹϵ۽
Ǯɱߣ־ƽߣĪ߶ǿߣǾһ⣬ڱﵽ֮󣬳׹رϵ۽ַȴڴﵽ֮󣬼ʹϵ۽⾿Ϊʲô
־ƽеܣַʹõһ۷˭ڱﵽ֮ϵ۽᳹׹رգⲻģ
Ǯɱϵļ鶯һ£ַɱ˺ϣʹʧȥһǿӲĺ̨һ޷ɱַ㣬Ҫűַסǧе³
ǮɱҲеֵ֧˵ַܿڶϵ۽
ĶһԷ̵ΪܣͷΪʲôأ
ѽΪʲôأ
ɵƣò
Ǯɱҧгݵ˵һַ޳ֶܵϮĺϣһ
ĪȴǮɱ־ƽǣַ㿪ϵ۽ʱ͸о˺Ҫ⣬飬֮С
ַڴﵽȻԿϵ۽ҲסˣԼ־񷡣
־ڵɱַ㲢û̫⣬ַϵ۽ĻԼɱֲַַ̫ˣֻҪһ첻ԼͻʳѰ
Ī鲻תиǴŻ⣬Ѿ¶˾ģǾҪϧһдۻַ㣬ҪȻ¥ĴҵȻ˵ϡ
Īζ˵벻ܹ̹Ŵ½ݺ᲻ܣȴ˱ڣһӢ³ʵϧúܣѪѧԺеǣ˿Ҳĸпɣ
ŮȻɫĪô˵ҪѪѧԺǿǶַļޣѪѧԺȥĺϲǱϾһطǲΪԼָͬ˵ĻȻʹѪѧԺڱɨء
С֣צ˵ǸͷҪɱָ磬ָɱģѵҵָҪԴǸͷɱָ绹ֲܻɣ
˵λСַ֮лԼһ˹ȻǷ򳪸档
Īһ԰ŪǷǣǰǶԴ۾ݺݶĪ˵ĶȻ䣬ŲСӣ
ĪȻɫ䣬ȴּ֪Ȼֻȴǿսɱͬǿߡ
ϵĽɫһΪıɱΡ
Ī˺󼸲˵Īĳ˵һʵѣѪѧԺô£Լ飬޹ء
һѪѧԺǿ˵ַ㣬ѪѧԺû˼ѪѧԺһϱһ˵
Ǯɱ־ƽ¶ֻıΪѪѧԺϣѪѧԺҲòһΣַôӦ
ַϵ۽ĻӦΥ̹ŷԲֵ̫Уľף˱ɱн죬ȡԹˣҸǵ˵
ѪѧԺǿߵȻǲַܽ˵ȻϽȷĲԣַ㽻ֵʱǲûгֹѾͬıˡ
ַ㱻ɱȻܾˣûЩһһԵĽɣͻȻ˵⻰˵ĺܶѽϸղŵΪѾ̹Ŵ½̹ͨ벻ˣİ౻˲ǻʲô˵𣿡
֣˼ǡ
Ͻ챻ɱȡѪѧԺˣӦκϵ֮С
ɣô˵ѪѧԺǿһᣬŻϴһ¡
һѪѧԺǿվ־ƽ˵˾ѾˣϽΪȷвԵĵطǲܲĺ󳾣ϼӴˡ
߰ѪѧԺǿУȺ뿪˴
־ƽǮɱĿɿڴĿԶȥѪѧԺǿߣ˵һ仰˭뵽ǰǱʾֵ֧̹Ŵ½ǿǣһ˵߾أ


181 
ɣ֮ʱͷַ˵ֱأǺڡ
˵գɣ׷ЩѪѧԺǿߵıӰȥƬ֮㲻ӰȻ־ƽرȴַ־ƽǮɱϡ
ַ֣̹Ŵ½ǿֲ߳пɱĿǰǿ֮Уܹɱַֻ»ڡ
ɣȥıӰַ㲻һУǸ̹Ŵ½֮Ц޼ɵḡӡ
ڽɣԸ⣬´Լ̹Ŵ½УаħŮ˱ѪѧԺ
뿪ѪѧԺ֮ȻԹ޻ڵħŮһΪ˶⵽ѧԺʮǿߵ׷ɱħŮΧһ֪Ļɽ֮ϣͬѨա
ɣɢʣŻ֪ħŮ֮Ȼֱɱһ̶Թ޻ڣַӡеĽɣ
ȴû뵽˻˽ҪȻҲϾѣѪѧԺǿʩѹʹǲҽַһ־ƽһɵľףҪȻԼٵģǱϾĶľ档
ַףΪʲôһڵ֪ɣ⵽ѧԺʮǿΧ֮󣬷ŭѪѧԺ֪٣ԼжԼ飬ѧԺʮŵˣԼеķŭ
ϣһǵĽֲҪһҡ
ǮɱĿɿڴ˵ѪѧԺƨȫˣ̹Ŵ½˶һȺסĶ
־ƽݺݵ˵ûѪѧԺ˰æҲɱַ㡭
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ܶסֶȻڽżҵĽս֪Լúȥδӡ
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־ƽһҲǣĪﲻС͵ԴǱԼʹ
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ʿٶ־ƽǮɱΪŭ˼㣬־ƽ˾޶ĺôһЩʿٵ
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ַеɷҲŨ˸֮䣬նɱ˼ʮΧսʿ


182 ʲôѽ
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־ƽͻȻ棬Լûµ˱׷æվˣⶼЩʲôѽ


183 ҸŮ
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ۼԼ޷㿪Ǯɱë׵Ĵ־ҪץԼظϣѩҧԸеĺ촽üǽѵԼܸ


184 ջ
ۼֻɢŶζë׵Ĵ־ҪץںѩϣֻŶĴֵ˸ĴЦΪԼοˬһˡ
Ǯɱһ̣벻鷢ˣѩͻȻ󼲳ۣһֱǮɱĻҪöٶԶֻĵĴ֡
ѩѸޱȵһˣ׵ĶǮɱޱȵץһ֡
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ۼѼӷˣǮɱܲŭղĪֻǼŮˣַȴŮˣǮɱһѩ
оԼѩأҲġ
ַһ֪ʱѾƵ˺ѩǰһȭ
ǮɱаЦ㲻ѸٰˣӲƴһȭ塣

ֻȭͷҵײһΧĵ涼΢΢·뷢ɵǿɫ䣬ַͻȻ֣ĪﱾȥַȻԼٶȣǮɱӲӲͣ㿴
ַֻ㣬ƾȭͷȭͷܴ˰ǿߡ
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ַ΢΢һͻȻѾĩˣ߸֮ǰԼǴһδģĳ泱Ǵսȴòףһսֻǽǿļ׿ǹͷ­Լˣ΢һĹȴһ
ھ߸µ֮󣬹޴ٴǿڹ޵ĽٶҪԶĶ࣬ҰĹ޴֮УʮĹ޾һĳǣĩʱ򣬸˹޴ش˲ء
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ַûж룬ֱӴӦȴ֪ĩı벻ĩıȫͬĸ
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֪ɺϻżȻԼߵ鷳ͻ
ַĻԽ۶ʱȻ𾴣ַ㲻ǳˣڳûо޴棬Ȼѡ˺İǣݴȻ˸ͽѡ
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Ҫǵ¼־Ĺϵʱˡ
ʱһнĸٻŵ˹Խߣݸһŵ紫
Խͷ˺һᣬվһŨصĶ˵־ʹű޴סȡ


191 ɴŮ
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ԽûлشĻʸ˵־볤ǻжԶ
Լһٶ
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ӣڵӫ׷״򿪣˰֮⣬ӴϳĹ޴м䣬ǧȫװǿ޴ԡѪսĻ档
⼸ǧǿߣĹ޴м䣬ͬںˮеһˮΡ
пһе˶һȺ޵Ҳмʮ֮ɣǧ౻ʮĹްΧôпͻΧأ
ӿǵȻΪ־ٵվ־ȫûҲһᣬǵȺ־ʹ֮򳤰ǡ
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ͷϬţҷƴУµʯ̤飬Ȼ޷ǰһߺһȻ־񷶨

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ǸװŮ˭ĸôôߣܶδ󺺶߸ȥŮ֮УԸƵ磬ֻҲҪŮҪһЩŮĸȻߣȻʧΡ
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һ̣ĶһҪúޣԱԼеʧ֮顣
ͷι޵צӿҪŮƮ´֮ʱŮͻȻһԴУһ˱ι޵ĺϣɾʧš
ڱιްв֮ʱŮͻȻֱ֣̽ץι޵üġ
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ͷ˵֣Сһ㣬һͷԣȱסԼҪ


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Ų˸ӫֱַӹرС˫ϵͳӶ־ڵλ׷˹ȥ
ַҧأԼһԼҲҪն־


196 ͵Ůϴ
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ַаЦԭϮԼһͷ֣һͷ֣˵ǱΪ飬ô뱷Ҳ㵽һأ
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Ҳ޲˵˵ļǣЩԸԴϲԼ˭ȻղǰѻûǣǾֵܵĵİɣ


199 ɱ
컢ֶԳַ֮ԱǣиûаֻС
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ַģƺ־кĳޣԼֻһСŮˣ˷ǣҲֻΪ˱ԼûҪ־֮ĶԹ
ַղҲֻʵʵ˵ɱ־ұĪƻ־Сļƻ֮ĹϵѾͬˮ𣬾ûн͵Ŀܡ
־һǿŮĻ˵γ֮УԼ־
Լһ־УС˱ңĶ֣ʤ˶һ
ʵʵǰַֻѡɱŮ־
ַ벻ǣǰŮɱ¥ʹĪŮҪȻΪǰŮ
Ϊ˸Ե棬ܶ׵ﶼԳַȻЩ˵ĵߣԼŮͻĻԥɱǰŮ
ȻˣַôҲ뵽ĪôôƯһŮϾĸ̫ˣҪȻֻѡִݻԼѾԷ죬αضԶԷأ
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ü޵ŭһ𣬽ͷͻȻַĪƷΧм䡣
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кüͷʮı޶Լַ¶Ũ֮ɫԼ־񷵱һĴ޴װΧ
·ʤַűɱ˹ȥĪƷһޣҲɱ˹Ⱥ֮С
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һޣһͷʮĹޱ㱻ĪƷƴԽѣַȴûпϵ۽սɱһͷǿıޡ

һͷ޵ĺַıȫƣѪˮأͷ޲ĵĵ˵ϡ
ĪƷһе޳ޣһ͵۹۲ַ㣬ַղŲûʹǹɿֲսղеıͬϷһ㣬ܿ˹ǰ֫˻һͷ޵ĺ
ǿսĪƷжַӵľأܹ֮һ֮䣬ɱĹޣֻҪΪսǿ
ַȴ£һնɱһͷʮĹޡ
ĪƷΪԼ츳ܼսմմϲڿַ֣֪ԼԷĲж
ѵ˵սǿԼô࣬ɵɱǿһصıޣ
һͷߴ׵ιͻȻƽַĪƷƣһƬ
ͻȻ䣬ַĪƷսļͷޱ֣һ±˱
ַ㰵вãֺЯĺֻͷֵʮ㣬ʮĹĺȫԶĿǰ½ϵǿߡ
ԼսǱֻԿƾ˻ܵĹޣԱȴΪ벻ȺȺлǿıܹޣô죿


200 Ů˫
á
ܵΣƽַûκԥ㿪˵ڶεϵ۽
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ַбγɵˣȻסڵսĪƷƵĴɱһ㣬ûܹ󵽣սﵽһ߶֮öôĿֲ
˵鵶ˮˮַ㱦ĻӰȴֹӣȻĪƷȻɪɪȴûбɱ
һ˻İֱӻȭͷСı׶һַĪƷƣХı׶ֻҪһˣͿԽ˵ȫ
ַŭУɹı׶ؽӰɣڱ׶Ĳ֮£ܱͷﵽʮĹ޶˱
ԭ˱ԼлҪǿ࣬ĪƷƿַҲ
ֳַĿֲַǿսоԼԷԶ
˵˫Ĳ࣬ͨںϹϵˣ׷ַĻַ˿ֳǿսȴһ㷴֮ġ
ԼԿͷֵĻĪƷƸ˵һ棬Լͻᱻǵصı׶Уһʧȥı
Χı׶ԽԽ࣬һƬֵǣַ㽣ײ֮£ЩַĪƷƼԶĵطѸ̣γһߴ͵ˮңַĪƷС
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סԼĺȣҲʮַ֮۾ҹɫ֮жڣĿȴ޷͸ԼǱڴĺˡ
ҿ˵ѾüǿҪȻӵĺͿԳ׶˵塣
ַ㲻ϴϢĪƷԴĵĿʵ磬ǲǳȥˣ
ЩҵıͷĹͬѹѾñȾֻҪӲǵͻ˶ʮҪȻ㺮
ʮ򣬶ʱڣôܴﵽ
ĪƷƱסˣҲʮһ㣬ʮ˽һַսȻǿ󣬵ϵ۽֮Ҳʮʮ㣬вСĲࡣ
棬ȻͨջۣһﵽʮڣǱڱ֮Уʮ£Ǿͻ
ʱڣҪһ⼸ǲܵ顣
ַԼսǱԼ׵Ļ˵ͻƼ̵ıӳȥٻսǱʱķ֣սǱѾ򲻿ˡ
ȻĿռ̫СֻǱҵĿռ޷սǱռõĿռ䣬ַŻ޷սǱ
˴˿ַ̣ӿһɾԼ򲻿սǱ޷ȡĻףһ˵ԼˣҪȥżȥⶼ޷ġ
ԼȺĴ󷽣ǵ˲ԮԼ˵ҵҲûе޴ĸء
ĪƷƲģеҵĳҵıڣӲı棬ȴһ궼û
ַεЦЦԼ˷ҲвļѵޱԼı
ģڵľַĪƷиӿ־壬ǵʣʮСʱ֮ڲҲû̫⡣
˶ʮСʱڴ洢ĸɾʱǽһҲ˵ǱڶʮСʱ֮䴩ҡ
ַ㻹ǵһθеԼϴƣıַҲ޼ƿʩѵԼҲɣ
־ʤ˹޵Ĵ󷽣˵ƵصǣԼȴһͷѵıܵĹ޸
־֮󣬵֪Լ˹Ⱥ֮˵Ц
ַڱ֮УǷʱ˰СʱĻǸ⣬ѵԼҲ
ȻĲԶһŮ㣬ַȴûиоһ
ȻԼ˵Ļַ÷ǳĲģĪƷƵĿҲַ˵ĿײĪƷɬһЦ
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ӦǹȺĴ󷽣ڴǵĻǳ롣
ĪƷ۾㽵˵ǣΪĻ£ΪɱһħȴҪˣǸħȴĿֵģҲģҲҪɱǸħ֮
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˵ҲţֱڣҶûмǸħǸħȴɱʴȵһˣΪԼΪܵͷ
ַĪƷƿ˵ĶħȤʲôʲôԹ˵һΣԼͻᱻˡ
ַֻǺĽӿڵԭϧҵĿԲǺܴӦûɱǸħĻˡ
ѵǱ𣿡
еһͻȻﵽʮĹܹܿңǵʱѾˣʮСʱǱڵĸɾϢѵǿô̵ʱͻƶʮ𣿡
ĪƷ۾¶һ˿ʧĵʵܾ˺أѵҲûһʵİ취𣿡
Ůĳ֮£ַҲŬһм䣬ʲô취ſڼ̵ʱڣԼʵأ
ͻȻַ뵽һ£ˣһУȷһֿڶʱѸİ취Ǿʹ˫֮
˫֮˵ΪǿʵӽòС
һ֮УͶϵŮǲ˫֮ڶʱ֮ڣȷʵʹԼڵѸߵһ޷ĵز
ַ㾪ϲ˵뵽ˣҪǰ˫֮˫ȻʹǵһȴԴ˫õĻǼпܻоͺɵıҡ
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ĪƷƶʱߵͨ죬Ȼ˫ʲô˼Щż˫֮Ʒִ̼ͨ˫壬ͨһط
˫֮Ҫ˫ȽӴҪȽпܵõͻơ
ַ̾һ˫֮Ҳֻ˵һ˫޵Ķ˻߷ޣԼǰŮϵȻûдﵽһ
Ҫһǣ˫ޱ˫޵ؼУַҪ˫ˣѹ·໥һѧ˫֮ˣǽе˫ޡ
ĻȥֹŮ˵ЩսʿŮǣǾͨ˫֮ľǿˡ
ַһź˵Ҳֻ˵˵ѣ˫֮СƵĴڣһŲطûⷽؼɹοôпܽ˫֮أ
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ַһʣĪƷѾߵ˵˵Ϲ˵ҿû˵ؼҲһż֮żȻõģ»ӹ˫֮ҲŰϵġ
ĪƷ˵ԽԽϸţȻڴ·һ˫޵ĻַĳͬƤİģڴ
ַ㷭ؼϵһ˿ңڳָѵĶŮϣһãַʱԳ
̬ڵĳֻ±ȵרҵӼˡ
ַһ·ȥͨ˵˫֮Ļʽ˶ǰĳ֮ط
лŮҪҲõĻ֮һⱾ˫޵ؼͨ˫嵽Ľﵽ໥ߵĿġ
˫֮ѹ·ҲǺϺѧģ˫޵״̬£˫ǿҵı״ֱ̬Ȼ˺˫壬·˫ߵھζ·ڵ£ʹ˫
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˵˫޾Ǻ£ѵлŮǴ治Ļ໹Ϊʲô顣
ַϲ˵ⱾؼǱͨ˫˫ˡ
Ȼ֮УĪƷ뵽Լһᱻַ·ģʱоԼȫȣ·ڻ¯֮С
ĪƷɬ˵ޣ󻵵ң


201 
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ַĪƷƲԸԼ˫ޣҲֻзȻַΪԼһˣȴǿκŮǲϲ飬˵ԭ֮һ
½ڱ֮УַҲǿȶԷ
˫޲ǿѶԷǹ·˱ˣ͵˫ˡ
˫Ҫ⣬ԸҪ˫Թ߲УЩһẦ˺
һ֮УַҲ֪вٿŮ˫޵Ĺؼʱ߻ħ֮ԻҪ˫޵ĹУΪ˫ϵĲã˫лŮ֮УҪȻ˫Բ
˫ҪҪƽģ˫޵ĻеһŮѹ·ð⣬һȥˬһ˵ŮҲ˷ܵҪ
˫˫߻ħĽա
ַ׵ķ˫ޣĪƷƲһҧһ˵Ĵģҡ
ַһüŮ˹ȻǿķǵĶղвԼҪ۸ԼһӦŵ˵Ůĺ룬⻰Ȼ١
һŮжһΣ˹ؼʱ̣Ҳװһܺ˰ģ
ĸΪϧŮ᲻ƵԷĻɵϣ󻹻󼦷ɵֽԿյ³
ĪƷȻŤŤŮȴκλŮû̫
ַŮ˵ȻǺǿңȴǰŮһ
ԼҲ̰ͼԷ壬ΪԼϧԷԷ˫޵Ļⲻʿǲ̡
ĪƷԼӵĳ䵱ɱ˵֡
ԼƵĻпܾһ˵ŮҲᱻƵⲻǸʱѡ
һһ죬Ҳû̫
รǾɡ
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ַָĪƷʱĪƷƻһ𣬶ץסַ˫֣¶ԥı顣
ַ̾ǧѰ㲻ԸĻǾˣҪȥȴ˫ޣѡȨ㣬ֻҪܾҾǿ㡭
ĪƷһԸеӵˣ۾˵˭˵ҲԸ⣬ֻһҪһ㡭
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ںâ֮£ĪƷƾӢļԣһĹâȻ󣬵ͦ˫壬ƽС޳ĴȣģزеĻƽģһ˵á
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ضɫâŷ˲еԼͣӶ˶еϸ弡һͷٰĺڷ
ĪƷϣͬʱ߱˵Ľ붫صĹʣ亱ںǰŮϣ˺ͼȷ̫ˡ
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Ů۾ַַȴٳûйĪƷƲаԼŮӣ̫ܲɣַһľͷҲ̫ˡ
ַ˵飬Ҫץʱ佫˫֮о͸

ĪƷη룬Լַһ·Ȼ˫һ˸ɸɾֻԷɽѵԼǸŮˣŻô
ĪƷƻ۾޳ԼַҲһƬûУĪƷƵĿַʵ׳ζϿͣ
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ַ⻰˵֣£ĪƷƵüĿҲ䵽˻֮ϣȻⱾ˫޵ؼһż֮УǰʼΪϵĶȫۻĶ˲ûϸ
ַⱾչ͵ĪƷǰĪƷȥһ˵壬зֿϴһŮ֮ŶеС
ֲǣ֮ϵǸ˵ɲǳһͷµޡ
ĪƷϷգ޲ôУߣ˵ֵط̬
ַ㷭һҳϵŮеԣебţڳ˸ѶȼߵͣŮϣһá
ĪƷ̲ס˵ҲҲ̫ˣЩ̬ļһĥ˵ġ
ĪƷƵȻĸУ˵ķѣԼڿû·ֲĿĶǲˡ
˵Լһ뿪һ巴һᵹģԼЩֻ̬±ƬеŮ˻ҪͼԼҲۻĶ
ַһϸĽ˵Щ̬ûֻҪڵ˳ͼķԳּڵǱӳ
ĪƷϸ˿ȻЩŮϣһϸСļͷԭھλãڵľΪʲôҪۻ̬֮أ
Ȿؼ˽⣿
ǰӴܶżеؼֻ棬֪ô˫֮
ãҾԣҰæһĻĲ㡣
ңֻҪ˫ʧܣͻ˫˫
ĪƷƺڳ˵̬֮ȷֿ漴Լû·ְڳջ˵Ķַ᲻û͵Լȵ̬أ
͵۹ۿַʱȴַҲڳַ̬ȴûз񣬶ǰ۾µĳǹʵʵĴڰ
ַȻûз񣬵ĪƷȴ͵ַʱ
ַֻһ˵ǧѰҪס񣬽ڵľΧתҪȻ߻ħΣա
ĪƷͻȻףСĿռڣֶǳ壬Ϊʲôַ㻹ܱ侲ģѵֻǸпõˣŻûǿҵӦ
Լ뵽ȥˣ
ĪƷ񣬲ٿڵľ˳ŻתһʼúܱŤʮ֮ȴƮƮģȫƯҪ
ģĪƷƸоڵԽԽǿһʼֻһСϪʣ˺һ񱼵ĺ
ǰ̬ӡĪƷƵԺ֮Уڲɵת
ͬʱĪƷڴȳĺˮԴԴϵų⣬ٺϵĺˮҲ˴һҴзζ
ĪƷףڵڽṹȹȥ˺ܴı仯ͬʱҲΪʲô˫֮Ҫѵ·
ѵ·ĿģΪ˷ֹڵľƤʵʱ·Ӧʹ˷߻ħ
ģĪƷϲԾĹ˳ı飬΢ЦһС龧Өı鷴֮£ĪƷĿԼһģͻȻȡ
Լ˿̵ı鲻ͬʻǶѳԵģһģһѵԼһŮˣŻ¶˵ı
ĪƷƲ֪ǣֻҪϰķȷ˭¶ʻеıֻǺӦıԺû޹ء
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ǻǸӱŮŮ˫ϥڼͷסŮСĻ棬ǽиеֲ
ĪƷиǽһһǸˣǸһԴԼأ
ĪƷưԵ֮ʱȻַһ˵˫޵һȻŮ˫ɽˣҪȻô˫ޣȻ˫ͲȫԽлŮ֮У߻ħ˫ŹҲֻǿޣʵȴһż


202 ʹ
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ĪƷĲ֪˵ʲôˣһԿԼػʮ嶼Ҫˡ
ַллҲ˵һֻһıԹ˫ѶȣɶĶˣ˱˻ԣڹӵĻ˵ǰַһ١
ˣҪˣСƢˣǿʼɣѾǳɰڴһˡ
ĪƷƱĿ˵˫޵ĹҪĻϣ˫޵ںĹУ΢һԣͻ˫
˵ĪƷһȫַС
ַ˵˫ǼҲԭģȻԶһˡ
ĪƷӵ޿޵ĸΣԲͦأ޳ĴȣԼ۾һмһԵ¼κˡ
У˫޳ɹѶȣַ㲻ɵðԹŮΪʲôƯԼ侲Ҳ˵Ƿǣƾ˫޳ɹļ½˺ܶࡣ
ĪƷƵòû˵ĻַԼԿˣɲһϲƵŮ˵ˡ
ƵŮҪҪ
ĪƷƵ΢΢һᣬܵůȻۣȻоԼ˱
ַߣ˵ǵһȷڵľǰ̬
ĪƷƳ̾ϢһԼػʮ壬ҪǰʵȴϡŹ֣ʲô˸ˡ
УĪƷƻڵľǹӴľڷٵתҲڿȣͬӼԱһ޳ȷֳһΡ
һ̣ĪƷƱۣһ̵ԼģһԵʮֵˣȷʵַкøеĻҲѧ˵˫֮
ͬʱĪƷаЩ׫д˫֮ߣô޳֪ܵǵԴôģ
ڽеؼʱַ̣ŮʱܵһɼǿַͻȻԭǰŮǴŮ
ַֽϲ⣬ĪƷ߷飬ű¶ټ¥ŮԿţַ˵ʲôҲǰŮǸŮ
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ַĶĪƷƵ廹Ǹеһ˺ѰĴʹ߸Ƿ˿ɰÿַָС
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ַƮƮȻϾ֮ʱͻȻе飬ڵľһʧȥ˿ơ
á
ԼղֻܣȴڵľԼûа̬һĶȥԼĪƷ˵ͬʱ
ַҧ⣬ʹԼ侲ڵľ¹£һ𣬽ģľвŻʧ
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ַоڵ巢˾޴ı仯ڵ磬Ǳǰ׳˺ü
ڵľǻΪȵĴ󺣣˵Ϸɿתںϣʹ˵Ѹٵ
ڸеܵͬʱҲڽ仯ǹɷڵļǰһ˹ȥ
֪˶ãַ㣬ĪƷƷ˿ѿһİ壬ԼУַ̲ססǶĪƷСãĸ
һĪƷƶʱ˹ַ˫ǰĪƷ̲סַļͷϺݺҧһڡ
ַʹĴ
ĪƷǽϧһ죬˵㻹ʹ𣿡
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Ʊ磬˫Ѿˣȴ۸ң
ĪƷһѣַסʵڵжٵˡ
ĪƷƼһڵϲķ֣ԼڵǰĲʮһ㣬ǿʮ㣬벻һ˫ޣȻֵԼĿޡ
ĪƷתΪַ˵磬ٵˣ࣬һӵıһɣ
ַԼ֮ʧķ֣Լһ㣬˵˫֮УǿӦˣַԶԶĪƷơ
Լӵϵ۽ĸˣΪԼӵֶһ޶սܣʹԼٶԶԶˡ
ֻһ㡣
ʲôҶ˽㣬ôܲôһ
ҵڲͬɡ
ĪƷưַһ˵šǵûͻƶʮ㣬ֻ»޷俪ң
޷һ˫ޣһΣͿԳʮ𣿡
룬㻹۸ңҲ㣿
ĪƷַ֪⻰ȡЦ˫ֻ֮ǵһβãȻ˫ڵĸͨѾʹ˫
Ҳ˵Ժ˫ޣҲһˡ
ĪƷƲַһ׳٣޹أֻΪԼã壬ȴ޷ô̵ʱڣٳַĵһֱӾܾ
ĪƷŵɫ԰׵ģַаԺЦֻԼܣܶԷˣȻԷڶΡ
ڵѾڶԷ֮һע壬һɺ俪һͨ
ð֪а취ġ

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㲻⸱ģȥɣ
ĪƷ֪Լһ·ûУַЦǶַ
ַһԶ·Ʈ𣬲䵽ַУַϷŪĿ˵ǧѰӵ·ģһʼգҹȥôģھ͸㴩ϡ
ĪƷдŭ벻ƺһˣھܽӴ֮Ҳ޳˵⻰ϷŪˡ
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ĪƷ̲סȭһӣַϡ

͵ľޱ棬вǿĹȻ棬й֮УͷΪǿ󣬶ַĪƷƸǱ˾ޱ֮еġ
Χ۵ĹвʮĴڣ˿Կԡ
һͷǹ˵֣ʮСʱˣҿͱˣ⿪ֵܷʳһʳɣ
ȻַĪƷƵ岢󣬵ϵȴǿͷ޳ǣѸڵ
Ȼн⿪ַ㻹û͸˲ûڵͺ
һͷ˵ѽôˣҿˣǶôãҲ÷һʳˡ
ָߴ׵һͷ˵ҿҲˣҾͻ麮ȣǸŮĹҳԣǸеģһ֡
ж¶õı棬ŮҪһ㣬ŮǿķȻ
ʣµһٶͷޣŷʳһˣʳģɲһƽЭ飬ǱֵȴԶԶǣЩȻҳԷԡ
ֿޱΧĹ޵ķֲʳҲ׷Χ
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׸ߵľޱͻȻըıĴɣʮͷı޴ԽѣбĸкüͷʮĹޡ
һ鼸ʮԼԴһ˻һİסѸٽǿ麮ڻ̵˱ֵĶС
һȺ޵İУַĪƷЯ֣һ΢ЦĿΧйޡ
ղŽ׸ߵľޱڷľ޴ֱӱƬ


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Χסǡ
ܱߵĹ޲ǰֵӴȴƶ
Ȼôһ£ӸղźըԷղŷӳҲжʮĹ
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ܶʮĹҲ˲Զȥ
෴߰Ĺ޲ûвΣգΧȥɱַĪƷˡ
ղϮǵıȻˣȻ֮ززô˵顣
ַЦһ˵ߣȴҲˣ°ɣ
ڿϵ۽ַ֮廯Ϊһ磬ֱʧĪƷԡ
ֲһ߼ٺˣһİַֹĿ
ַ̫ˣڰûü֮ǰַѾԽֱ˱ֵ֮С
ֻģģĿһӰ漴оԾһֵһͼ֮еַˡ
ֵĺͻȻըΧй޵ҵһ
Щ޿֮ǿֵĺըֵԴϣվһѪˮǿߣиһ޵ˡ

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ͷһֲѪ⣬ǰ۾֣Էɵƣַ˵ϵֲĶħͷ֣ħѪ⣬ñŰ
ַһ֮ɱ֣еĹޣĪƷƵС̲ססԼСڡ
ĿǰʮҲͷǿһѡ
ֵֽĻܹڼСʱ֮ʰ¶ԷѾ൱ˣַȴһ֮ͷ֡
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ĪƷƲͬ˵ǿ˱̬ҿ˶ʮĹޣҲᱻŰ
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ĪƷͣ½Ų˵¥ֵܱǹȥ
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ʲô˾ȻɱʮĹޣ벻¥֮У־ĪƷ֮⣬е˿Իɱ˼Ĺޡ
ַüͷһ壬صǣ־ΪһĻȻΪԼľУԼһΪ
һͷַÿ˵ģַжʱһԭǰĪһȥĵӥ
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ӥۣΪԼۣĪַ֣֮ĪƷĪŮַĪƷƵɱˡ
˵˼֮ӦһŶԣô˵Щ⣬ַ㲻ĪƷƵɱ˵ĻַǿĪƷƵһУȷһѱˡ
ڣ֮ȴԽĺ蹵ΪʲôĪһأַĪƷһӥ𺳣һ߸ϻʵۣȢһҪ̫̫
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ַһֱ̳Ӵ̴һͷ޵࣬ͷ޵ʱĪƷеҲ޻ӳ
߳ͻȻ߰˳֮߳һͷ޴Խѡ
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204 Ķħ
ĪƷƿӥַ˽ӥǲϵĻͷԼĪƷƷˡ
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ĪƷһ˵˵Ʒһ֪ӥһٸ˼ҲȲһ硭
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ӥ۾ҲɴˣǿĪƷƿ˼䣬ϵıȴԵʮֵ֡
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ĪƷƹɽʱַҲϲƯŮ
иǰģŮʲôѣʲôԸԼһɡ
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ַһıˣӥԹɫֶԷα
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Ī˰ػģ˵Ƶ޹ڶУȻɱĪƷƵĸףȴԼľ
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ַҡҡͷµ飬ھǺڣ׾ǰףͿʲôɫͱʲôɫˡ
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ַɱһˣȴȥƭһˣοԷһŮ
ַתȥӥ˵֣㲻Ὣʵݽ¶˰ɣĻƷѾͷ˵һӷ
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ĪƷƷŭĿУַҲеâڱȻƽ˵ûбҪƭ㣬ӥǰȥ棬㲻ŵĻɣ
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ͻȻ䣬ĪƷƸоҫۣˣҲһҲʧȥе
ǰѾһƬذĪƷƸеǰȫѾȫʧȥ˹ʣʧȥ֧ţˤ˹ȥ


205 ɱ
ĪƷٴʱ򣬷ԼַĻУһʼûзӦΪǰ빲ĵ磬ʵļ䣬ղŵֻһζѡ
ַеĹػ֮ɫȥϵһĮͻȻǰˣɱַ㣬֮ǰжôܣԺ˵ĹϵҲؽĩ·һУԼĸһ̣Ѿע˵ġ
ĪƷǰ״ЦݣܶܰĻ棬һϾɵĵӰԺڷطš
ʼѧ֮ʱױһֱغߣ״ЦݣʮһֱÿһεĳɳǸЦݣѾΪеһ֣Զصû䡣
ӡУû˱ĸ׸飬Ҳû˱ĸ׸ǿ飬ǿһôأ
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ĪƷƵ۾ͻȻ޵Ŀ⣬һҧַļͷһѪζӿСУʼգַ㶼·һʯܵĵ
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ĪƷƵķȭһַϣȻĪƷƲûʶķȭ绹ǽַǰ·飬ĲʵƮ䡣
ӥվԶ޿κε̾ϢһҲ֪ǰһС
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ַȻ˵ͷԼɱĪʱ򣬵ȷûԥ
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ַҲ֪һƬ⣬ȻȰӥӥ֣ȥ飬ֺαᡣ
Ȼַ֪ԼûʲôĪĪƷƵĸףĸ׶ô񼫣ҲĪƷƵĸףԼһô飬ԼҲĪƷƵɱˡ
ӥ˵һУҲ޲ʹĪƷƱøӵľ
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ӥ˵־ʱһķ߷֮ɫȻ־ΪԼܹ˵ΪΪ
ĪƷƺ޺޵Ŀַ˵ҵĸһˣɱҵĸףǲʵ첻
ĪƷеһݺݳַ㡣
ַ㲢ûзҲûɶԷһӳͬһһζ
ĪƷе·ɣϴľ磬εõȭͷСʯĴҷɣȴû˵ַһë
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ַǳصһˣĪƷˣֻ
ĸױ𣬵ڵȴ̫ԶˣȵǿҰɣҪȻֻ
˵仰ַ㿪ϵ۽㳯ԶȥƬ֮㲻Ӱ
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ĸ־񷣬Ƕǰͣı֮УҲǺ飬㲻ֻͬһСŮ㲻Ӧò뵽ЩĽ
Ļ˵ҵĸ๼
ĪƷƷŭˣһΣӥʺϣʮ˵ٸұҵĸ壬ǸˣҾɱ¥İࣿ
ӥɫһ䣬ĪƷƵǿҲ֪ǰĪƷƣȻ
ڵõڶϢ֮䣬ں̵ܶʱڣṹشı䣬һӷ˺üͻʮһֿµܡ
죬ĪƷַһ𣬸ǳ֮ǿԶԶԼ
ǰޣӥȻ޾ɫ˵ڵȻɱңЩ飬ԾǶԣǴĸ־񷲻ʵȻСС¥̵ɽĻģⱾ쿪飬Ὣ¥ϵĵ·ϵģڸеźǣΪʲôַ㲻־һҲɱˣ־Ҳˣ¥ĳ·
ĪƷƵͻȻ÷ǳѿе˵ǱǸ˸ϴˣڱǷǲ֣ҽ첻ɱ㣬ⲻͬ㣬Ҫ㿴ԺɱַǸħġ
ĪƷƵӰͬһ磬ǵķȥ
ĪƷƵıӰнԶԶַȻ˳
һԼɱĪʹĪƷһУǸʼ׵СŮĳһ˲˼ĳɳٶȡ
ԤϣһΪַ޷Ԥδ


206 ŭ
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ҵĹۡУַƽСŮо¶˻Ŀ⡣
Ķ֣ʤҲһϲɫַܻȷʵʲôекοȻַǿĳ⣬޵ҲԽԽֲʮĹ޸ǱȱȽǡ
ַ֮ǿ޴סĻֻҲһƽˡ
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֣ʤһԽӿڵ˵ĲǸ־ȷܲ򵥣طȻڹȺ֮Ȼһص˳ǡ
ĶһԣóЦĿ˵־Ҳ³˲̨׵㣬־س֮ĲһΪ򳤰صĿ飬Խֻ赭д˵̨Ǳ͵ߵģ˭̨Ϯ˾Ͳö֪ˡ
벻ԽôæȻԼ£ַϸһ£Խ⣬ԽôҲ»СС»ˡ
־ҲòǸ˾˭֤Ҳֻ޿κΣԸưͿ
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־İԵǾưոݵġ
ҲһԵŴ۾˵־˳֮󣬾ȻδҡָˣҲ涪Ǹ¥ĳ˧
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벻־֣ʤ˱ףֱǸˣַע⵽ϵѾͻʮ㣬ƣһ˿Աġ
ʮ֣ʤĶ˰æСǻżˣʱԵ
־Ұһսȫû¼ҹˣȻôˣҲֻϣʧ顣
ĪƷ־һĻֻǿ־
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ַȤʵ֪ĻףһĻʦУܷӳأ
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ַѪڣ޲޺ԼĻףװȽϵͳȥ޴һ
Ĵ۾֮˷֮ɫı˵ָ磬С㣬ҲҪĻףҲҪǸνһĶ

һĹۡڣ־һķ߷֮ɫʹǵʱ򣬹ǧˣ͵ľ٣Ҳһ
ڣҰ½½ӻسǵ˼Ҳһٶˣлв˱˲зϣȱȵ۵ıȱȽǡ
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죬־ȴһƵУĿַ̨ףɽ֮ѻԼĻ棬־һѪ
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־е˶ڲ֪Լ־Ļ˵ΪйߵĶ
˳Ĭ־񷽫ŭжԼͷϡ
ʱһֱ۶ϣŵľŶ롣
ٵǱвԾԼַ׷ɱĻ棬־еŭ𲻽
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ٿ־ŭڵģȲɵò־ôͬһ蹷һ㣬˾ҧԼǵù
սս˵˾ְǰҪ˾ĪСղŻˣ


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ûüָԷĪƷѾһԽӿڵ뽫ת˾͵


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ҵļԽǱˣȻԲ²⵽һ㡣
ЩҲǳǸ֮־˵仰֮ǵɫ糣𾪣֪ˡ
ԽЦĿǰ̨ܹףһʱ֮ȴôĻʦҲΪʱѡ
˾Ϊ·ѣ¥ʹȻڳشȻʣһٶˣһٶˣһٵǿߣҲȫݻ׵ĻǵĻʦ᲻𣿡
־⻰һڣٽǷ׷׵ͷ׶Գ˵Ȼϡ٣ϡٵȴǻײʦǸոĻףһ˸Բٿء
Сˣڻ棬һٶȹ죬ɺѣʱʹѪܱѡ
Ļף˸޷
Գ˵׼̨ףҪҳĻʦˡ
־µһٶһӭеĻؿɴǿ״ӵĹĻףֻҪӦˣ̶̼Ϳѧٿػס
־µһٶǿһæҪ׼һ֧˵Ļ״ӣͲˡ
־񷵱Ȼôĵİﳤǣ˳⣬ָһ̨ΪΪù޴ѹ볤ּۻۣǰСԼ
Ȼǵ᲻ýСԼĽҪͷҲòЭ
ַµ־⣬һЦôٵַأҲҪ˾սˡ
һԽеָ磬ҲҪĻսӦҵġ
ĶѪڵ˵ΪϴˣĶȻҲҪʿ䣬šж磬ֵһȥ
ԽҵļҲ־һٶ̨֮󣬻ӵأַһȥԼ־񷡣
ַںݳ⣬һ̨ףӲǸɵ߰ʮ̨ĻףֻҪַڻ״֮Уǣס־񷣬
֧׽Į̇Ļ׻ڳǾУǶ־񷣬Ƕַ㣬кܴ
ԽȻ˵Ҿ͸л˾ֶˡ
־оһоַ㿴⣬ȴַһȥ
ǰ־񷱻ַ׷ľԣڶͷۻ֮ʱһűʵ֮
ַ㽻ֵĻʮɰտɱַ㡣
ڻ֮У־ǿָһٶ£սΧַ㡣
ֻҪɱַ㣬СԼ취°СԼǵĿľͿȫˡ
־Цһ˵һȥҲսʤӭ
ĶһԷ̵㲻ӭѵԵΪھǻżˣɷЩ𣿡
Ķ⻰˼ǳЦ־ǲ⣬ͼıСɫ볤Ļż
֣ʤҲһԷ̵ǴСɲŮòƫƫһ֪ܵϼһ˳ңҿǸ϶⣿
һ£־񷵱ܲˡ
̵ַҲˣַµС̣˵ʲôҲһǵ˾ôܵˡ
־ҲԼòһʮֵţַȣһ㣬˵ʲôַ
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209 Ϊ׶
ַҲ֪־ֲȫԸĹ֮£ԼδصֵסҪ˵Ķ֣ʤˡ
ֻҪԼһĶ֣ʤпƬ֮䣬ԼǰԷɱַĶ֣ʤǰ־ŭĿӡ
ȻϢ뿴־ַһʲôӦ
Ҳ֪־ַΪĶ֣ʤ˶ֵĻֻ¾Ĵᱻನʱ֪жҪܵսನĲ
ҵļ壬ۣκ־ɫһ䡣
ַ־˫ܾ˵ĻʱıȻǳǵ棬״Ҳ޷齨ˣ˴Ķ֣ʤ˴֡
Ŀ־֣ˣһ˱ܳΪĳ׼˳Ļһֹס໥
ֵĻ˵Ĳ֣οˡ
־¶ΪѵɫȻ˶С飬Ͼ˫СĹϵûȷԼֻһŮôͬʱ˫׼˵ѹƶԷأ
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ԽһһֿĲ˼ٶȵַ־м䣬֮죬Ȼַ־١
־ַͬʱһ˿ɫ벻һ͵ԽҲһλɫز¶ǿߣͬʱ¶䱸֮ɫ
˾µˣôЩСһʶأ֣˵㣬ȷùһԼֵˡ
Խ⻰˵ĲƫУ˸ʮ˼ȻĶƫַ㣬ȴұ¶־ķŭɾʧء
ַ㵱Ȼǲ˴ֵˣȻ־ĴУΪԼ־ɳǵңʹǵľܵĻǾͲıˡ
ַ漴ֹסĶ֣ʤǲҪ˵Ķ֪Լ־ȣ಻һĴ
ղڴ֮ͥ³־񷣬ҲֻΪ˳ͷѣΪԼͷ־ĻǾ͵òʧˡ
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־иǴĶ֣ʤַ߹ɶ񣬾Ȼҵô˵Լ˳⣬Լɱιֵд
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־ַĶԹԽһ˵Ұ⣬˭Ҫһ¶⣬˸Ѱ˽ĻҳĮ̇׽Ƚߣ֣˾֪λͬⲻͬҵĻ
ַӿڵ˳⣬ɱйǵΨһַ˾ֻ֤Ҫ˲ңұȥǱˡ
־Ҳ֪Խô˵ҲΪʹַ㣬Ϊ˸˵ĶԹɱĮ̇ǣȴԽвء
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С䵭־Ȼû˵ʲôжַļ޸ʢиǴ⣬һΣ˵ʲôҲַܽŻسǡ
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˫۾ǵɵ˼£·һͻۿ֮еڼ˷֮£С˸ͨ졣
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֮ǰԼֻǸ˵һЩĻײҪѡ
벻һȥȻ죬Ի׵ĲٿԼ˿ͣϤ˻ܵĻʹ׵Ĺﵽʮ㡣
־ĪƷˣܽ׷ӳǿĹַȻǲö֪¥֮⣬»״ӵĸҲ޷׵ӳʮ㡣
ڣܹʹ˳뻯ˣҲֻСһˣСΪżƿߣȻһײʦһ
ģ׷ӳʮ㣬ӦòǺѵ飬Լұۡ
ԼߣԼߵһʮǿߣ˻ףҲԷӳԼĻײˮƽ
ֻҪԼ֣Ȼ˵־ĻȺƵĻشǻпԵġ
ĶһԣԴź˵׵ͣһΪ̨׶ѲأһСƨĴת˲һ̨׵ĻǸСһˡ
Сţϴ˵ֻ׵ĲѶȺܸߣӲôã˵ⷽ츳Ҳ˵ܲͺ˵ˡ
֣ʤָĶ˵ƨѵĶүһһСƨɣ֪ĶΪ׶˻ףֻϴҲҪʰ·硭
֣ʤûʱĶϲĴţӵĿĶһۣԼĻס
Լ֣ʤֱˣĶвƿڴ
ѽ޳ѽԼΪ׶ĳսʿȻӣðɣһǿĻײʱ򣬾֪Լղŷ˶ôصĴˣǻԼһλŵĵ
Ķһϻףʱסˡ
Ķǲԣһֶˣ̨׸ļȲЭһݺˤһͷ
ڻ׵ķǿ㱻ˤһͷױȴֻǽĴСʯѹ˸顣
ôǸСƨͬҼһףԼΪ׶ĳսʿȻһˤһͷѽ
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Ķεİѻ׵һǿˤˡ
һӰһû׼ͷȵÿСţСײ㡭
ĶιιСƨ˵˭Сţ
һĻһζش˵Ȼ˵ˡ
֣ʤҲҳЦԼĶͻȻ棬༥Ҳ˵СţҲԼǱҿһţڹˡ
ڹ꣬Ҳţǿ

ַߵļ˶ѾϤĲԼеĻˡ
Ļ׿ԴﵽʮĹַĲ²࣬ѧĶĿͷǾǱСΪ׶Ȼһ˱ȵ˵ġ
֣ʤĻףҲԴﵽʮĹ֣״ӣҲһ
ĶԽʹʮĹ˵Ļ״֮УҲеƫϵˮƽַĻȣȻǸ͵ġ
㳡ϣ״ڼϣ̨гһͬһ״񽣡
֧״Ӿ޴죬¥һٶ̨־죬ֵַܣһδСԳһС
֧װĻȺҪڳŹˡ


210 ǵ
磬Ϻöѽ
ףҳˣҲҪһʦȥеĹޡ
үү˵ǵʿǳܻʤʧˣǲǶᱻ޳Եܶ嶼ô˵ģ
һ§Żһɽ裬һ۾Ů˵Ȼˣսַ¥˾һ֣еĹȻһ򲻻ȵеĹ޶ˣֿԻؼˡ
ڼʮڴĿУ̨УȽĲ뿪˳ǣͨԼȥǣȫࡣ
ϵľǸõף͸ĵһ֧սӡ
ϴ󣬶磬㿴ö˳ǻأ
Ķ˻ײеĶƵϵͳʾ¶ַ֣ʤʱרעģ
ͻȻ˶ƵĻϣóĿ˵Щָֺò͵ʲôϵ
Ķܻ˵Ƕһ⣬СƨǼʲô˵ģȻԼƭ˵⻰Բȫĵ񣬸ԲԼġ˭֪Ķһϻף޵УĶΪ׶
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ǵʿǣһιΧǵʮӴ󣬿˵ĩǿһιΧǣһǳȥǷǣһѪҲҪɱйޣȫģȫϣΪ˳ǵֵܽãѪսס
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Ϣַ֮⣬⵱Ȼָ־ҪıϮԼ취ϮԼŽԼ֮ˡ
ַǣСȻԼ־ĻȺĶԻַҲ֪־Щ֮ѾȫԭȻڵϵͳԷֹСǡ
־ڻڣװһȫµӲ˵Сüص־ľٶŶԣ־Ľƻǻͨϵͳаװ뷴豸ȷԼᱻء
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־ǸģһͨʩҵļأΣԲŵͨʩȴԿͨõļʩһһ
ַ亹ֱ벻òСȻֶΣƽƻ־ڻڣСŪڹ֮ϡ
ַԶԸ־û̫İգСļأеƴģԺ־һһڼСļ֮УԼˣʲôвɡ
ַȻС˵СҪģȻĿǰԼ־һһҲҪСı־񷷢ĵڶ׼ϵͳʱҪټˡ
СȻ˵޷ҵĵڶ׼ʩһʩȫļʩҲԶԶ޸ϵͳ¼Щף־˻ףҪȻҵļأѵΪżĲٿǳص𣿡
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ڻżİ£ֻҪǻżĻף۵ֻҪСԸ⣬ԽԶ̲ٿء
ѻĸֲٿʩȫµСҲûĺŽжμء
ֻҪСվԼһߣԼ־񷣬־ǸĻɱԼΣϼһֻ֮¶֪ôһ£
ǰַֻϧСϣԼȥףСûԼڣҲ̻һǿԸ
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ǰɽַ㵱׷ɱ־㡣
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ַļƻȻԼĻ׷Ѿﵽ˶ʮ㣬ǿ湥ĻԻ׵ṹһս
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Զ־΢΢һ벻СѾͷԼĶ֮Уַ֮⣬СѾͷҲӡ
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ڶһ֣ʤԼĵУжٲǣ߲ǵ˴ڣ
ȻԼĵ֮Уô˲ǣǵ˴ڣԼַΪиʲôⲻֿ


211 
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Ϊ׵һͷһͷ߹֣ͷ߹Ѿ˵ɫצǳɫĽڣַлǰһ۵Ļһϳͷһĩǰʮǿԡ
νԣַ㵱ͨڻɱͷǿ̫࣬ͷַɱĶԣ߹ڵһ֣ϻԵһ֡
ǽ֮һ࣬ȻշУȣȴѾԶ½ߣʱ䲻ɽӺҲ
˵ϰߵĹޣС
Ե֫ͷϵĽڶǽɫͨɫҲǳɫĻǱ
нȣ̫࣬½ĿǰĹ˵ĻԵΪֲĿǰ½ϻڡ
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ЩޣȴûԵ˼
Եǿ󣬾ܹ˵ģֲһԳԵһЩǻ۳̶ȽϸߵĹޣȥĳУֻҪ˶ĳǣ԰Ƶʳﹲá
ʱı޿԰ʳĶˣҲ൱һʱڳԺȲ˳ǶɽУ޲ŻԽԽࡣ
֮ǿҲ³ͷͼڣ˵ҽڳԼͷޣԼͷޣ˶Թ򳤰Ҳ̫⡣
̵ͷﵽʮıʨ֣ж¶̿ԼŭıȴŭԣҪȻһԵıˡ
һͷʮ׸ߵı˵ղǸľȻҳ˵Լ磬ñ˳Եһ£ǵĵִֿ˲٣Դ˹û
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Ըղ̵ʨ֣ﶷȴ˵֮еİ࣬仰һ䣬ͷԸеҪ
տʼʱֻΪԼԵʨΪ˹ôһ˵Բ֪Լô˹޴еͽԭԼԵʨ֣һ顣
Էһ빫ļͷĽҲ΢΢
й޸ëȻ֪ϲŭ޳Ȼ˵ĺܣһ̣ȴÿܷԵǡ
ͬʱǸǰֱɣȻΪȡԣԼͬ顣
ƨСƨĴ˵طͷײеԸ˵ġ
ͻȻЦС˽ҵ⣬ţСǸͽĹͷҾ͸ˡ
ԸղʳֻǱʨһ󲿷Ѫ⣬ĹͷȴͷԴθ˳
дãͷʨֵĹͷϣŴѪ⣬ҲԼһٵˡ
ּӢ䣬ıŴЩܹ˽ģһʱ˽ʲôĳµʲôֻҪȫȥպǸˣսо񣬴㿴һۣҲȵϰĿޡ
Ϊֺԣ˵ĻҲԽ޳ܣй޾дֲҵԣֻбտڲԡ
ĶͷֵĻһѶԷ޳ܵĻס
ֿΧǼ޵Ŀ⣬ȻƲΪ
ȴ£иǰЩɵƣԼŵ㣬Ե˵ġ
Ȼ˵ԳԹеı֮ҲпܳԼɽйô࣬ضԲ꣬ʱֵԼ
˵ˣ֮˵ͷ޷ˡ
ԼֻҪ룬û֮ΣԳĺģֶΪأ
۾Щ޶Ŀ¶׹⣬ԺԼǰԳǵ⣬Լ̵ȡ
ԵĿйһһɨЩһĹ޾һٻֵģ
Ե˵ͷԼĿ˵ɳ˼ٸһⲢûʲôµģ෴ǭ¿ˣŻעһƴһֻҪЩˣĳнơ
ֲʱʱ˵˵ĻԶҲˣǲҪݺݽѵЩǵ̣Сࣿ
ţЩһ㣬չһ򾡡

ɽȸصսѾʼսһսʮĹʮͷʮһµĹһǧͷ
ǣһϣʮĹ޾ʹﵽ˾ͷ֣ʤҲɵͷʮĹޡ
෴־һٶ̨ףȴûɱٹޣĶУĪƷ֣ɱͷ֮⣬Ļ׼ΧۣȻڱʵ
ַ㿴һۣҲԳޣɱôıޣױûһսڸղһսУ˵ˡ
֣ʤĻȴս𣬶Ļ״֮Уʮ̨׵սﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮԴ½
һ˵ǰһҪѹȺϳɨƽˡ
̨׷׷ǰУϳɽضȥͬʱҲͷԵĲ֮ԽԽ
Ķַ˵ϴ㿴־Щˣǲ޵ģֵģղžȻһҲֻƯ¥Ůһ˳֣ȥǿɲ
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ַҲ֪ĶǵԼһ޴ܾˣ־˱ˣҲ־һԸ뷨ѡ
һ޴㳲е׶ǹϮĿ꣬־ҲĪƷƸղų֣ȴַеο
ĪƷƳ֣һ־ģ˹޵ײ֮вޣ֡
Ҳ˵һŮˣҲһΪ˽𣬶ȫŮˣ־ıҸűʵĲͬ
ĪѾ֮䣬޷ֲ˺
ƽĶַۣ㻹ϲλһߣƯŮģ֮䣬Ѿ˲Խĺ蹵
Լһ𱻹޴סĻ֪᲻Լ侮ʯԼ빲ͬսأ
໡
໡
һ޵ŭ֧״ӴԼʮٴһ֧޴
֧޴࣬ԶԶȥһҲ߼ʡ
ַһ£Щ޴йʮĹ޾ռ˼ͷикüͷﵽʮ
ȻղһսʹлʦʮԼ׵һôĹޣǰѲסˡ
ٻʦֻܷӳʮ㣬һʮĹϮĻ˵һЩ׾ͻᱻȺ޴ı
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ûп벿µŭһ˵ǣһȥǧñһʱ泤ǳʱˡ
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־˵˾ڱΧˣһô죿


212 
ʲôô죬ѵǻ˵ǹʹɣϽܣȺӦһкˡ
־붼û˵仰֮ԴӦǾΪ˳˵ģлɱַǾ͸ˡ
Ⱥ֮࣬ивǿĹޣ֮ġ
ַȺȴһܣһԼٷ鿴ʤˣԼ֮ززַʤˣַһҲƱػԪˣԼҲ侮ʯ
˾ǰǴӦ˳ǵˣǹͬԸĹޣôǲЩʳԶأ
¥˴˼뵥־񷹫ŵʶԷ
һѿĻ־񷲻õĴûлŵԺǲ𳤰ǵĹޣҪȫĵĹޣȴͳһ˻֮ˡ
־񷲻ָ֪ܵԼûлŵӳ£ȵԼһͳĵʱȫĵһжΪ˽ʱȻȥȫĵйޡ
һ־ͳһ˻֮ԻΪģȫҰġ
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ЩȫĴУ˵ڽֻ׵ʱѾŵﳤǵֿĹޣʳԶʣȥɣ㽫ҪһͳĵĴӢۣȻգֻһͨˣֻԹ޻ڵȥʵԼµŵԡ
֣ƷƣϽߣҪȻģ
ڵĪƷһᶨҡҡͷ
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뵽־бһ꣬ԼջǹĪУûչ˺Ů
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ĪƷһֱһԷУ־Ϊ˱Լʵ壬ͬˣʲôˡ
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ڻתʱַ̣㿴˻ĪƷһŵı顣
ַҲһţĪƷƵֵסȺ޴֮Уôһӳͷʮǿأǻ۾һ𹥻ĪƷƣ
ȻĪƷƲŻףԷӳʮ߰ĹͬʱͷʮĹΧסĻֻӦˡ
̨ϴײʾĪƷƵǰ
̨׵սֻ³˰ٷ֮ʮڻ޵ĴսŸոչһĪƷƵĻױĻƾֻ޷뿪
Сģ
һֻ컢֣һֻ岻ϱľ޴צӣݺݴĪƷƵĻףַȥ
ͷ컢צϵֻҪĪƷƵĻ׵Ļ̨׵սֻ¿Դﵽٷ֮һʮ
ĪƷеĻ֮ǰսҲǰٷ֮ʮսˣʱĪƷƲ̨ƱػԴ
ĪƷԺԼߵһԼܼȣԼȻִҪɱԼĻҲֻɵ
ַĻͻȻ٣ԥĳȥ


213 һȥ

ڼ䲻ݷһַ̣ıĪƷƻ׵ʱĵסͷϻǰצĹ
ڱ뻢צҵײ֮£ַеıһĿĻ⡣
ڣַ嶼һ
벻ͷ컢ֵǿ󣬸ղһʮ߰˵㣬ԼСͷˡ
ַǼǿͻףֵһצеĻҲᱻٷ֮ʮս𣬸Ҫ˵ĪƷƵͨˣֵһצȻա
ղŵĪƷƶǰĹһȴôҲ㲻󻢹ֵϮһҧû׵ӲһʱһźӰ嵽Ľǰʯƾһצ
ֵצ뱦ײʱȻĽɴ˿ԿղŻֵĹжôǿһԼĻ׵ĻĪƷԤƣԼĻٻʧٷ֮ʮս
ĪƷƿַе֮ʱַæ
ĪƷ΢΢һᣬַһ˿⡣
ַ㣬ôҶԭģҰ⣬ҲصҾͻ᲻ֶεɱ㣬Űɣ
־ǡĪƷƲԶղŻֵһҲˣӻצӵķ֪һʯƾ죬ԼǰĻҲδؾȵĪƷƣŪ÷Լûǰ
ڼַͻȻ־ĪƷƣиЩģĪƷ˵س֮ҪֶɱַʱһԽӿڵƷ˵ãĪֵĺŮȻǻȮŮŮˣĪֵ֮飬Եõοˡ
־ô˵ĪƷͻȻӿһ˿Լǰôû־ɿСأ˿̵¥һ֮һͷ
ĪƷһ־һĲм
ĪƷеĲм볰־иðΪԼ˧ˣȱСܻ飬ֱĪƷӣѵԼųصͻȻòܴˣ
ϧ־񷲻ףСĪƷƿ˧˧û̫ĹϵǱ־˧£һŰࡣ
־෴ַĮ£ȴһǿ飬ҲܹŮԭڡ
ںڰĩУûʲôһŴǿŮĿˡ
ַ㵭˵뱨ҲҪŻȥУܻŻصǵĻҿԸһαĻᣬʱû𣬾Ҫıˡ
ղͷֱʮɰգĪƷƻ׵زһ飬̨״ñƾ̽һѾͱסצӵĽͷֶʱдŭ
ͬʱַԼȾֻӲܶ౶צϾȻǹǰƣǰ֫Ҳ顣
ʹʹ
а̨֣һõʲôôôӲ׵ĺϽ⣬ҲᱻԼһצӴñΡ
ڶԷıһ𺦶ûУԼצӷ˹״㲻ûпܻˡ
дŭһֻצ͵ķֱӴַ̨ס

ַͻȻһӰͷ컢ֵצӸ߸߷Զ壬һôϡ
ֻûüһҽУԴҲͬʱ߸߷
Żڵϵı컢֣־е𾪸Ըӣղ˶ΪͷΧĪƷƵĻֵĹʮң־ȻҲôΪ
ʵȴˣͷ컢ָղŷԼʵֱĪƷƷϮʱ˲ſͷֵﵽʮ㡣
Ϯַʱ־анˬϣַͷ컢ִܾˣȴ˵֮⡣
ַʹͷ컢ֵԴ߸߷
ĪƷҲɫӮַ㣬벻˻ףԼַĲ໹ô
ԼĻŻص˳ǣַԼһαĻᣬԼ˳
ǣԼʩչԻܣܷΪʤξԼԼҪֶεĶԸĻԼʲôˣ
˹ֶַԸʣµͷʮĹޣ棬Ǳֱͷ޸Դ
͸زˮַ֣㿴˫ǷŭĴ۾ԼȻǿԼĪƷƵĹϵܲһ㣬ŻԼ
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֮ڵƾֱ͸оַĪƷƵĹϵܲ򵥣ĪƷ¥ַԶӦûмĻŶԣ
ַ׷ɱ־ʱɽʧҹѵַҹУǸ¥꾫ϵ
뵽ίַԽԽˣȻԼĴŮˡ
һս֣֮Снͷޱ
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Щɫ֮ѿҪ־ˣ˵ģȴʧ¼ķ֮һĻױ޴ñƾĿǰףҪԸַ͸ˡ

ɽУһͷĹޣʣµĹͷ¸ı֣󻷹ܵȺڵʲôطˣ
һ߳ʣͷһߺٻ˵˵Щ඼ʲôطˣǵֵж٣
ˡȺѾǵĵ̸أҲֻһٶǵֵҲȺһ̣Ȼ˶ԷٸһǵֵҲʧء
һͷǹСһ˵Ż˵ͬʱǲ͵ԣͻȻǰҧ
Դһú˵Ǹһ֮Уܷӳ
һԼܷʮмٮٮߣȴܷӳʮǵĺֵܶܣҲǼС
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벻Ǹİ֮£ԷӳʮɱɽоĹˡ
⼸˵СӾöԸġ
ͻȻһȺʮԸˣһȺ
˵ĲһȺʮԸˣǣһͷˡ
һһܱͣߵĹаߵǸƨȴһʵͽģñҽڳԵ
ͻȻûȤȺϷЩСͷǾһϣɱЩ࣬һߵĻǱ㶼ȥ
Ⱥ֮Ҳвڶʮ㵽ʮĹ޴ڣȻǵԣȴΪԼǿˡ
һʼûжȺչԵĴҪԵҪ븹ٰ֮ȫ
ҲԵļƻɲ֪ôһ£ͷԵܲãйƿڴ
һͷʮֽܹеϴģһһ֣һȺһȫ
ȥɣȥɣȥȺ࣬Ҫң
ҲһѧǶȥɱȺ࣬ͲҪϴ󡣡
Խȷܲãһź˳۵ĺ֣춼о˳ۡ
ŭɧҲһȥ
ԣֻɧҲȺһȥ
˵仰ͻȻףͷ߾ȻǽԼȥսЦԼղŻѧĿԱĹ޺ٻء
߽ôˣôһӻ
漴ڵϣ·ߵͷһ˵ϴҵ̫ˣʮ㣬ȥҲ֮УǿĶȥˣһ࣬һ٣ҾͲȥ˰ɣ
ɧҲҶ졭Ҳһ㡭
Խڳһͷ޵ʱ򣬱ͷصĵ̻˺˽Եøŭһʮ˳۵ĺֶð
ɷԽԽŨְвá
˷ģȥһȥһе࡭
ҹ


214 
ɽҰͻȻǵصĹ޷ӿһ߼ʣ⼸̨ΧΧ
лʦɫ䣬Щ޵ʮ
ʮĹ޸Ƕţë˸е־ǣоȻʮĹ޴ڡ
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ôһôֻ࣬Ѿ㳲˰ɣ
ˣôΧסǣһͷһڿˮͿ԰
Щ޾ֹҲɱϼ켸ҹġ
벻ι޵ô࣬Ҳ󳬺ַϣǹ޵࣬еҲ壬ЩǵķԼǿʮµĹޣԻ첻κ˺
ַеǵǣʮ㵽ʮĹҲЩ޵ػԶԻƻɻױΣʦ
ĶʤˣƲĻһɱΧ
ôޣַҲеӦҪﳤǶȹΣѿԣҪΪ˳ǵİΣԼֵŮ˵ǾԲġ
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磬ġ
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һʼʱֻǸе棬ʧȥȤԽʮĹޣҲܵ¶ɫ
־񷱾ܣһܵĽѵˣһι޵һιǿĹǱһϵĹȺ˺öࡣ
һΣԼܶ˹޴ĻԼʮ̨ףֻƬ֮ᱻ޴˺ƬһΣ־ֻǽĸµľ¡
һĮĪƷƣ־Щȣǰǻ
ϧĪƷٴɫ־˵ԻҲеЩΣҲͲĪƷˡ
ɽҰĹޣҲһ׵ĹȻǿι޴Ҳ̫ˣкܶ޸Σס
ַ֮ʵ֣ιƴǸô죿
ȫԸʮ㵽ʮĹޣĻ״Ըʮ֮µĹޣսսսӣס˾ܵıܿڶʮҵĹޣֻҪǵĻױĹ޴Упܱҳһѷ
һɽͷϣʮֻܹɽеİٶ̨ף߸һ㣬ΧʮͷʮǿޣЩ޶ǸɽͷССĹͷ졣
ֿܹ˿ޱ޼ʵĹ޴ֿ˿ٵĿףǾȻ¶һ˿֮ɫ
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ѽ͸ȥԸȺ໹Сһ
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־һ֮䣬̨߰ױͷִܹıʦֱӱεĻѹ࣬Ѫˮ˳Ż׵Ŀ϶˳ʹû׵ıԵøޡ
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һֶܹ𣺡Ȼʹ࣬ΪʲôҪȥأ
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˿˲˼һĻֱܹһ̨׵ĺϽи֮󣬲ûзȭͷתԼԴϺݺȥ


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һʧʣǵĮ̇ףн̨ױиһٶʦ
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ĶһԽµѽ˵㣬ԽԽˣԼסһͷʲôĪҪ֣صĸ㣬Щ޶ιģնݳĺá
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217 ͻ
־񷲻˵ֵַԲʮȻеȥϮʮԣɼΣ˾ϣַܹϵܹƽ
˶óǾΪַεļƻܳɹ˲ųԳʾпܻز侮ʯ֮⡣
еľٿ־֮Уǿҵı֮ɫַһȥ˵Ϊǵľ񣬰˵볤ǹϵȫûбҪðķա
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218 
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ַĻвŭϲ
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219 Ա
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һ̨̲סȥڳ״̬£׼նѾ˵ַǰеĺϽݺ£ķ𣬷ĺХ

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һ̨׾Ĳָ·ȫַϣ̨ײܿƵĵȥ
ͬʱַһȭֱӽ˹һ̨׵زȥһƬĻʦصĺϽְ強ࡣ
һпƷֻǼӵʱѣڼڣַɵ̨ףʣµ̨׶Ŵˣڣһ̨׶·ӡ
һ̨ߣ־֮⣬̨׷ֱĸ񱼶ȥ
ַȴǣЩַѾǿԼУɱˣַûκεԥ
һ£ǾԼϵ۽һرգٷĻԼֻӦˣϵ۽ر֮ǰһҪ˸Ͼɱ
ַ㲢ûж־֣־ĻײЩ֮ǿģֻͳ˶ʮ㣬Լ˵ᱻԷסӶ׼˱ˡ
ٶ֮£ַ㼸׷һ̨ףһ̴̨׵زֱ֮һ̨׶ȥתۼ䣬ָɵ̨ס
˵־һ̨ӵĽԶĻ֮⣬̨ȫ٣ַ׷ɱ׵ĹУ־һֱں׷ַ㣬ͼסȴַܱһ
һ̨ȻͷһַۣټѾټˣųһҿԼܵÿ죬ҪȻԼҲԼֵһˡ
ͻȻһֱӶ˻׵壬ȻҲʦ壬̨ڹԵ£ܳ˼ǧףͻȻء
ַʱ˲ʯ֮У΢΢ζıתһܻ׷־񷣬˵ˣ
ʱѾ˶ӣ־Ҳֳַ֪ʱƣֻҪԼϹĳ֮䣬ʱַԼ׸ˡ
־ûԥתܣʱҲں˹֣־Ҫ֮ززе
ۼһ־͵һף̨ͻȻ٣һֿĲ˼ٶȣǵ⡣
Լһգа漴ַ֡
ַѾҸһȭ־񷰵вãٴƴףò˵־Ļײˮƽ£ַҲǲһѡ
ڱַȭͷ֮ȻѸݵ˾󲿷ֵ̨׵ĺ󱳣Ȼַȭͷһ֡
һȭûи̨̫𺦡
ܣ
־񷲻һеɽȥַں׷ᣬܿ죬ܵһƬľԣַ벻鷢ˣ̨ʮ׸ߵĻһ˵ͰĹľԡ
־ٶַ֮⡣
̨׸ߴＸʮףôתͰĹľأ
Ȼַϣһȥ㱻ٹľ֦סˣ̨ԽԽ
ַһͷˮʵ벻ף־ΪʲôľУⲻԸ
־ĶͷҲ亹ղҲַ׷ĺˣʧ֮£ȫԼڲףǡÿǰĹľЩ죬һͷ˽ȥ
׸˽ȥ־͸о̶ĹľУ־ȴ޷߻˳
ַһЦ깷ıµǾ˫ȥ
־ڼͷ󺹣ûʱַ㷴༥
ַʱֳˣеıֱ̻׵ĺ󱳡
һֺֿݣֻҪ˻׵壬ش־񷣬ַһ£ͷױ·۾һ㣬˳һܿ˹Ҫһ
ַһֻǽ߲һȱڶѣȴû˺־񷣬ַЦУȻıԻ׵ı˾޴˺ȴ־ݵĶ֮£ȴʼ޷׻̨ס
ַ˱˫ȭһȭһȭĻ̨ѾòҲ̶õĻס
־ڻڱĴҹ׵սٷ֮ʮϳһѷ
ʱ־ͻȻӻ׵زͨ˳䵽ַĶ档
ַɷģ־Ҳǻֲ̿ܣȴַϵĿֲ糱ˮȥ
־ʱһϲɫеǰͻȻŹ
ַ㣬ĳ˰ɣֵʰСˣѾǭ¿·ˣɡ
־ϵӿǴﵽ˶ʮ֮࣬иոոϹһ
еΪһѽɫıָ־˵ָ磬һϣɱˡ
ַϽ˰֣־Ѿ˶ʮ㣬ʮҲδ־Ķ֣ǰĻ˵Σա
ˣһԸˡ
־ȴַʵ뷨Цַ㣬ʱˣ㻹ϧ񣬽޳ܵĹŮһͬԧɡ


221 콣
ϲ̵һ˵ָ磬˵ǹŮ
ַһü˵㻹СҪѧ˵Ļ
ѾСˣʮˡǸ޻˵Ư˵ҪץȥС滹СĻôῴأָ磬ΪҵرȱСûĪƷǸŮ˳Ͷĵģ
ַ㲻˵Ķ־񷡣
־ʮĹǺöԸģԹַ㣬ΪԷСûĪƷŶСѾͷɫַȴûôΪ
Ȼ̻ǺַܴҲϲԷ֮ϲ̻ȴǱŶԷǶܱȵľ޴ȥġ
ĪƷƣַҲȫ˶ԷģԷ˫ޣַֻǾĪƷ̸Էһɡ
ȻˣַҲųԼϲĪƷƴƯΡ
ַ˵ĶԴ־оԼɵһ㣬˸ֱˣŭһַ㣬Ͻʮӵ쾡¡
ַ㣬ҪɧѾͷȻǰ˵˷׵Ļҽ࡭
ַ㣬ɱ֮󣬻ҪŮСԺҲҪջżҪĥǸƯСǣַ㡭ô˵ʹɣ
ַȻ֪־ô˵Ϊ˹⼤ŭǷŭˣɫΧ¶ҲͻȻ˺üȡ
ַһһٵ˵־񷣬
־ˣַǱɱɱ֮󣬻¥볤ϣ֮ǵĴսҲϧ־ŵĻĵΣ̫ˡ
ұΪǸʵ𣿡
־е䵶ΪһâֱϮַ㡣
ľȫ䵶֮ϣΧ䵶䵶·Ϊһͷޣűַ㡣
Ĵ۾Ȼɴǵͨ죬С֮Ҳȫ亹벻־һ֮Ȼ˵Ŀֲ
־Ȼֻжʮ㣬Ҳֻǿ֮гۣȣʮĹޱȱȽǡ
־ʮȴԶԶͬȼĹޡ
һͷʮĹ־ĻղһҲԻ˶Է¶ʮĹޣ⾪춯صһҲش
ٶȣԶԶͬڵıޣеĺȡ
ȴӵù߱˫֣ʹԲӵĻףͨսʤǿ
־ȫ䵶Ĺâ֣·Ѿǰ䵶Ϊһ壬ǵˣһ֮ǿѾԽĳּޣΪ񵶡
ǵ׹γɵɫ޿Ҫַ֮ʱַˣͻȻâղ⹹ɵĹиƬ
־еͫУǷ񽣵Ӱӣ־ղŵ˷漴һʧʧ˾
˵ղŵһ񵶵Ļַղһ콣ԽĴڡ
еĵӰ뽣ӰʧˣַתĮƣͣ˵ǻسǣ
仰ո˵꣬Զ־ĸ첲ֱۣ֫Լͷ­ճһŧѪ
Ѿͷһģַʮһϵ۽رյǰ£Ȼɱʮ־񷡣
־񷵽һ̣ҲԼȴǧȷˡ
ַ𱦽ʮ֮ʹؼµľ磬˲ſɱǿһ־񷡣
һ֮ڣˣ־ҲˣǼӭµһҳ
ַԽ·˶εɽ֮󣬿ƽԭŵĶٶ̨ףߴɢ˵ħ
ָ磬ǿܣ־˻ͬô鷳ˣ
ַҡҡͷЩոµĻһȾȻոߣ־񷻹ûƸոߵĻףǡ
ͻȻһ̨׵زһĿŮӻһеַ㣬Ļг
ŮʹУӨˮʪַͷ·ַֻ̧𣬷Ůˮ߰СϣԴ΢Ц˵ɵѾͷһжȥˡ
ŮȻССַ㻳У§סַ׳Ĳ˵ִ磬ǵˣͷԽ˻֮ʱұҲ޷õκϢҪ˾ȥ޺㣬˾ȴֱӾܽˡ
ڹϳµĻ㳤ɳȥңʱ˵ҲˣߣҲδɱϳ˾ôûд
㣬ǵİΣôģȴԽ˵ʶġ
ַܵŮ£ǿС϶˵㣬΢۾˵
С˵Һͨ־ĻȺִ֪Ѿƽ־˵ҪԸ㣬һиԽ˾Խ˾εûѣǵĶ̨׹㡭ˣ־Ǹ󻵵أ
ˣ˵κҪɱַˣҪصĵͼۡ
־ˡ
СȻϣ־ȥ־Ͼ¥ϣ֮˾־һƱػ¥볤ǵȫս
ȻСΪȴȻûϵַƽԥɱ־񷡣
СŮлϣһ˿޵ı˵úá
ַСΪʲôô̵ʱڸϹԭ־ԼϢ֮󣬲Ųһеĸġ
һŵĻףֿŵԼУ޵һͿСַ㰲οԷ˵ˣҪˣô˿أ
СŷԼַĻУ󣬶̨ڣܶ˸øʽĿ⿴
СʱߺȻ˵ʲôȫǵ˶֪֮ԿȥϮɱͷֲԣΪҲȥģ˾Э˵ѾˣҵԼδĻУѵʲôԽ𣿡
ַ¶㵵ı飬ǵһ֪СĿڲôá
Ļ׷·ͻȻõһ㣬׷׳ұϵĺϽ⣬һ̨һƵģ̫̫ˡ
󣬼̨һתȥѿռȫַСκ¡
ַпЦǵЩʦԼǶǵСԼ̫ǣ̼һԵ
ѾͷԼκ£ַ㶼ϣܵ˺ƫƫ޷ƿС
СҲһأһеŮôܹ˴ʧأ
Զ˫۾Ĵ㵱飬Լһҩеģ
Ȼ֪ԴַɱԵһ̣κҲ赲СܹϵۿһУЩܲˡ
һ廯ΪһɫӰʧ˳ǵķ
С뿪ַĻĵʵӲɵ°ɣ
ģƢ֮ûˡ
û˱ַ˽ˣΪڼ֮£᲻Բȣ˺ԼɵǾʹشˡ
һܰϧԼˣǲһŮΪ˺Լġ

ڣĪƷһʵַȻɱ־񷣿
־ĪƷƲģЩƲ־ΪˣӥһԽӿڵǧȷַ˵ֻһ־նࡣ
ַһ־նࣿ
ĪƷϵıˣ־Ѿﵽ˶ʮ㣬˵ɱַ㻹ַ࣬ɱˣһնࡣ
һչ࣬ɱһɱ־ҪѵĶˣѵַΪ˲˼𣬲ſһնɱ־
ӥһֻ˵첻¥־ҰļˣǴ˵ҲǺ£Ժ¥ϣ֮ǣ㲻ñǸҰļҸˡ
ŵͷĪƷƣӥ˵Ʒƹ¥츳ǿߣ־ǱҲԶ㣬㻹ǲҪűˣַҲԸ˵ģ¥ȫ¥˶֧¥˵ġ
ôˣġ
ѵ㻹Ҫȥ뱻ַɱͷԣ־³ѵǻǿ𣬷ƷƣǧҪɵ¡
һҪַһνַ㣬㲻˵һαĻҾλᣬһ
ӥʧı飬ޱʧ˵ַҰһ˵ǰȹ㣬˵ַΣ֮䣬ĳҲˡ
ȥĸףҲϣ㱻۾ɣַͽ⣬¥ϣ֮ԺҲһ
ĪƷƳĬӥ֪Լ˵ĪƷƣҡҡͷ˵ҾҪ뿪ˣ֮ǰȻȰһ仰ϣַܷ֮ĳޡ
Ҫڹ棬ͱȫŽһǶ־ڶĻҰĹǣȫȫɱˣΪַɱЩƻƽ˲ûдˣϣΪ֮
ӥԶȥıӰĪƷ뵽˺ܶ¡
뵽˵һַʱ̣ף뵽˵˫ޣڻ޴սУַٴξһĻ
ĪƷƵвԾ˵ַ㣬ַ㡭


222 Ի
ʲôϴȻɱ־ޣȻϴһܷˣϽȥմ֡
ĶճţǰһźӰ㵲סȥ·
ǰһ˻ҪһЩˣԼһĺװĶµŮݡ
ⲻ¥ĪƷĪŮĪŮôпұˣţȥϴŶԣҡʵϴ󣬵ȷһԣϧ컯ŪˣϵԱ˳ŵû¸ɣȥϣ֮ǽ꣬Ҳᱻϴɱˡ
û㸸ǼµĻѾǵĴɩˣšôƯŮҵĴɩҶϴеź
ĪƷƻعͷ˵ĿȫסĶĶͻȻһ·𿴵õľɫǰ˸
ĪƷƲˣĶǰļС߷ϼҵסĸĸ;ס羰续СɽС
оεϤСɽ壬ĶͻȻһɱ˰Χıһᣬ
Ķ˫ƿСţ۵͵ĸȰĸףڵľǰ׼Է
ĶŶ룬λϸ˲ΡΡվһ˵ӣ𣬸ϽԷɣ˻أ㿴Ե㹽С
һ̣ٴγĶξУĩɱУʱΪԼѾһˡ
ĶҲ̲סˮ䣬ʪǰ
ְ֣衭ǡ
ϸ˵òͻȻ۾ҲһӱѪīɫɥʬףĶĸҲģ¶˼
ӣ㻹𣿡
ɥʬĸĸĶ侲֪ԼĸĸѾˣǰһҲʵģȴ߲ǰĻþ
ĪƷƣ֪ڵôֻܳҪķԻңҲҪܻҸĸ󡭡
ͻȻСĿռڣ֪Ӻδӿɥʬ˵Ķĸҿ
Ķ˫ȥԾĴеҪ
ȥȴԼûһֻĿԼĸĸһȺɥʬʬ
ͻȻһͷ䵽ĶĽ¡
ǿͷ­Ŵ˵ӣңҡ
Ķһ˵ļǿͷ­˺ѷεĽеס
ĺòѽǾɥʬʳģһֱǣȴʼҲû
ҹǣ·ǵĴׯʱׯѾ޸ݻˡ
ڣҧⲻТĶ
ǿͷ­ݺݵҧĶļͷĶ֣һǸͷ­ǿͷ­޵İ׷һƣûдȥ
ְ֣衭
Ķǰһڣһӻ˹ȥ
ڵϵĶĪƷƵ¶һ˿ЦĶеĸĸ֪ǰһжǼٵģȴûƻþܡ
ĪƷһ˵ȥ
־Ѿȫûʣµļ٣ĪƷƵ£ĪƷƷ֮ǰѾ˹ȥĶȥ

˵սɱ־񷣿
ʲôս˾ȻôδЩðʧˣ¥ϣ֮볤ϣ֮ȫ濪սġ
Ͳˣ־֮ģ˲ֻҳľڵϣ֮ǶҪ˵ֵвΪǿ
־һ¥Ⱥף¥ҪǣҲδʵѵǴùǵĻףս𣿡
ȫǵ˶£֣ʤаϲַ㲻ԣɱ־ƽڵַ֪㿭֮ӭַ㣬ȻٲĶһȥ
֣ʤȥȴûҵĶټСȥֹȷˡ
ȥĶǴԳȥӭַ㣬ĶڻֹеõַسǵϢҲһʱȥַģʱҾͿͷˡ
ϣԶԶ֣ʤһۣȻֻ֣ʤһۣоЩرǳġ
֣ʤȫ䱸֮ʱͻȻǰݸ֣ʤ֣ʤһֽ
֣ʤֻֽһ仰ĶϣΣڵϦĻǡ
Ȼ֣ʤһῴĶԸ񣬵£Լôַ㽻
֣ʤһ˿⣬һס˵ţֻҪһ˵Ҫ˶ԷС
˭ĶǲǱץˣǲĻұ㣿
˲ûзҲ֪Լ򲻹֣ʤûзֻǵ˵֣үĶµĻֻɱҾˡ
ôһ˵֣ʤͶҶˣɿǸ˵˵ǰ·
һŵķڣ֣ʤص¥Ůôһ¡
ƷƹǴסĶвǵĴַɣ
ܴ
ƾʲôΪƾͿסأ
֣ʤĶһսУõ˴ˣַǵĶ˫˫ͻʮ㣬ﵽļ
Ķ֣ʤҪǿһЩǰŮһս
𣿡
ĪƷͻȻЦˣЦݼΪˣԴ֮󣬶Ůֹˮ֣ʤҲöԷЦݺܺÿ˵ԷЦݺأܹ졣
֣ʤݺݶŶԷ۾ȫ䱸
֪ǰŮʵǳֲ֮ǰͻʮĴأȴԼס֮󣬳Ϊַۣǿ˵ܽܵ顣
ǰŮǳɫ˫֣ʤͻȻоǰһŤһȵӰǰ

һľګ֣ʤʱ˵ͻȻȥõͤͤվǰյĴŮ
ʤ֪˺ܾˣûأ
֣ʤصĵ˵ͷȻ֪ǰһжǻþþҲãԿӵա
Ϊʲôұأ
һֱ뷽跨Ϊ㱨ҸַĿģϣδĳһ죬еĹɥʬ
˵ѣַֻΪԼܣɱĵˡ
۾ͻȻīɫָҲ÷絶֣ʤϺݺץ˹ȥȻӦ֣ʤ̧־һȭ
ԴͻȻѣѪꡣ

֣ʤ϶ʱ¶˼ʹı
ĩڣʬһţɱɥʬ
죬дԴȻǰһֻǻþ֣ʤȻеиĶͻȻˡ
ǰһнʧȥ˹ʣ֣ʤ˵ڵء
ĪƷʼվ֣ʤ棬ʵ֣ʤǰʲôûУֻǱĪƷĻþ񣬱ʹ֮²Ż˹ȥ
ղŰ֣ʤеĴ˽˵ϵ֣ʤһۣ漴ĪƷƽƷƽ㣬Ѿסַµ߹ˣֻҪǰ˵Ĺͷ͸ַ㣬׼ַڼ֮ͻᷢ衣
ĪƷƸĪ˵ҹһô⡭
ĪƷûͬԼ飬µľһá
Ҳ֪ԼĪƷȣǵλʵ̫Զ˲ҹȻĪƷơ
ǰ¥ʹŵǧˣʣµ⼸ʮˣ⼸ǧַ㺦ģұѷƷƽ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫ˾ĸʲôģ
ȥ
ĪƷƵ۾˴⣬һĿ꣬


223 ɼ
Сãôˣ
Сӱߣ˺̧ͷ漴һŮŮǳɫͣҪ˵ˣҲо
ʶŮͷʱ䣬˵Ұַ㣬˻һ飬黹ڳһӡ
ϧȴŮĸǱַɱˣŮַ㷴Ŀɳ
ͷŤһ˵ʶ㣬֪Ҳϲҵָ磬ɱˣҵָһġ
Сãҵȷһ𣬵ȴԣǾ֪ҴСҪ޸ָˣǵ˾Խǵ֤ˣҪԶʧȥˡ
˵ָӦңҳ֮󣬻Ůѣƭҵģ
ĪƷЩ˸УƭǰƯСŮܲ¶Է޼ǿ潻ֵĻĪƷƲû̫ʤİա
ĪƷ¶˵΢Ц˵ָ統˵⻰ʱҲǷģСδػԼˣϸɣ㲻һʲôҲûеСѾͷСȴһ֮һδҵļ̳ˣŻż¥־񷶼ԶС飬ѵַͬʱӵ޴ԴСҪδɵСѾͷ𡭡
ĪƷƵĻ٩٩صĻͷɰ¶飬ϾǸµСŮԼڳδ֮壬Ҳû̫š
Ȼ֪ԼɰȴûĪƷ˵ģûСᣬûСµģĹ
˶ϲԸеŮˣȴԶԸ޹أˣҲӢ˵ĽŮַϲ͵Ů
ԼַĻҲѡСˮӵŽߵСŮԼɬδɵС
Ĵ۾һʧȥյɣ˵ǣָôأ
ҿ԰㡭
̧ͷĪƷƣ峺дһȾĸɾɫʣĪƷжЩģ뵽˸ڻǺġ
ǰͻȻַСȵĻ棬ǳǵ̻ýƼƣϴŽˮϢĺѩ
磬Ůǰ޼ɵַȣֲĿĶ
ЩŮ֮УȴΨûӰӡ
еַ㣬ӵұò
۾ɴЩˣ޺޵ĿһУһ˵СãɱЩŮˣʱָһˡ
ǲǼŮˣҵıҵˣҲҵĺѣݵĺѩȻҲϲںݳһټϣ֮ǣƵߣʹЩ˲öͷҵıҲܾ˺ѩҲǻŮˡ
ǰֳСַӵһȵĻ棬Ǹ𣺡СأҪָ磬ѵ㲻ɱֻҪڶ֣ܻҷ𣿡
ȻҲϲССȴָָϲ˭ɣҲȥɱСϣԼպָĥӡ󣬽۵ȴ
þĪƷƴһû뵽һСŮΪ룬װͰ͵ġ
ͻȻǰһٶȱ仯ͷǿĲ˼ĹͻȻӿһͷ޵צ̻룬زǰ͸Ѫˮʪ̻ľװ볤ȹ
̻Ҳ¶ʹı飬ţҲһһĲǰַǱһͷǿĹޣһצĳࡣ
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ȻƱҲֻпܳΪδĴɩѣܲĴɩ˵ƾʲôھͽС
˵˵ȥȻĶе˭
Ķһ˵Ȼϴˡ
Ҳ˭֪ҵָǳ˾ӣôޣָ㱳ɱι
˾ӣôƭôŮˣŮأԼ£ı̻ڵķӪϽ磬в࣬ݳǵĺѩǵСС¥ŮĪƷƣǸŮصģһˣĺ֮ڵŮռˣѵ𣿡
ᣬַôˣһôƯŮĹעԼضǾ֡

Ʒơ
˵仰ַ֮ͻȻ֪˵ʲôãһһ۱ˣĪƷĿ⣬ǲ֪˵Щʲô
ΪʲôҪ׷أ
ҲԼڣƷƣߵŮˣһȥ¿ʼ
ߵ̫ˣֻеһɣ
ַʱȻŮ˵ǺǿңЩƯŮǣȴһһ׷ߣֲ˴ʧˣʱԵüΪãȴϲˡ
ַ˵㸸׵֮ҲᷴһģΪʲô㻹Ҫִȥأ
ҲĻҲĪƷˣ֪Ҹ׵Ѿԭ㣬һ뵽ɱҸףо޷£һʱɣ˵һһȥġ
ĪƷַ֮˻ַһϲΪĪƷƻתˡ
ȴû뵽ֻ͸ַͬĽᣬ˵͸˵
⵹ַЩ⣬ĪƷСΪԼ£ȴ͸ԼһͬĽᣬдԼ˼
ѵҲϲÿɰСѾͷ𣬲Ҳ⣬ŮϲɰСŮġ
ĪƷߺַУͻȻյ̻Ķš
˵ϣ֮ǵ˾ҹغһϮΣڵϦѾȥӪˣϣַڴ˳ǵ飬ܹʱϻȥ
̻أ򲻵ѣǲԼģ޵ϮһͬСɡ
ַеĵ黹ǷˣһƱغһܵ޵ϮشһսǾƴսĻ˵ᵱ䡣
벻ƶ߱ǺҹҲ飬ֲڿʼϰˡ
ĿǰȻֻǼĺ֣ǵƻȴСӡ
һ޵Ŀֲַ£޶ôĿֲ뾡ϻȥ
뱱ǾңԶԼҲҪʮܸϻȥ֪ҹֵܼܲʮ֮
ַĵĻҹ̻ѧԺǿ̹ͨĹƣ֮Ľ
ƾ̻ˣֵܵס޵Ϯ𣬿ԼСĻ±Ƴˡ
ַس֮󣬰Խҵһ˵Խҵ˵ҲֻͨǽַСĻȷԺСַδޣʲôʱʽ飬Ժ飬ʱԲǡ
ԽͨҲɵģСΪżƿߣַĻ˵ַһضʱпܴ߻ż
ַӳ٣ǵȻ˫ֻӭˡ
СΪ¶ԵüΪãΪ˰οԼصСŮַóһҹʱСᣬ֮ϣ˸Ǽ֮¡
СѾδޣȻԹסһ𣬶˵л
ַرǵʱ򣬳óٶ̨͸ַ㣬ϣڶ޵ĹսзҪá
ַҲ֪ĿǰǿԶʱԽԽǿ󣬲ʼǿһȼ
ַ㵱Ȼƴǣյȫա
ַߵʱ򣬳Ĺ޴Ѿɢȥӭһ޴ʤַⳡʤĵߡ
ڷرǵ·ϣһ˷ܣȻַûСʽΪһ¸еܸˡ
ַȴҡͷСѾͷڸˣ֪жôĿֲʱЦˡ


227 ڳǱ
ףָ磬ʲôʱһǱʱòûпѵ½ϣ֮ǣ濴ƺ֣Ҫǽȥɣ
ôһ˵ĶҲһԲ˵ĲԴ뿪֮ѾûгԹȷˣÿֻ⣬Ҫεᣬڳһ١
ַ˵ͷȻк޲һرǣô·ЩֲǻˣҲȷҪҸطϢһˣ˵ҲҪһˮԴ
⼸죬⣬Ķˣͷģڼ˳УȻȥһ٣෴֣ʤһԲ
ַаЦų˼⣬һܲˣĩڣݻûƹֲ֮ǰʱҪ˵ԶʼݣеĳԾ൱ˡ
ĩڣȭͷСһС⣬ҲһȺ˵ᡣ
ĶڴĿУַ˵ǽȥϢһ£ٱЩˮһ뿪̵ʱϻرǡ
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ַȻЩԾЩ˴ĻòҪǣҪȻһڵġ
֮Ȼֳ˶Щ죬Ҳû£Ҹݳһ٣˰죬ȴûзֳзݴڡ
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ոսǵʱɫַҲûзʲôףڽ֮ж졣
Ҳ˵ж죬Щϸûл˵κϢַ֪ԼʲôԼ봫˵֮еİ֮ˡ
ν֮ǣһЩǻۼߵɥʬģϣ֮ǽĳǱɥʬҲһЩ򵥵ı仯ѧαװ
ͨαװɥʬԽϡϵʬŧڸϿಢûʲô
ʵȴɥʬѪıԲûб䣬ҰЩǿҡҡλΣһŧɥʬȣ֮ɥʬҪǿܶࡣ
밵֮ǵɥʬ󲿷ֶǿɥʬЩͣ߶ȸõɥʬ򱻵˳⣬ò𰺹Ƿѡ
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νѪڵѪҺѹ֮󣬷һС͸ƿУǿѹ߹޵ѪҺѪ
ѪҲΪܶȼɱ޵ԽǿѪȼҲԽߡ
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һ£֮ǶԪռ似Σ޷УԼȴ䴳˽
ǵʱسǵɥʬûԼҪѪȻϳԼࡣ
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˷ԼӦѾɥʬˣ֮ףҪǾˣַȴûö˵ô࣬ǵġ
ȻﲢûзݣȴвùݣַһطסĶ֣ʤ˲ǣùоȻûҪݺҡ
һռ˵Ķϲ⣬ϣ֮ʾǸߣо򣬾Ȼ󷽵ǵס޷ѡ
ùеƯŮõĶϷ˼䡣
ƯŮֻһĿĶʲôҲû˵ĶپȻζһ£ϷԷԷҲ䣬Ůȴ޷ӦоŮĶЩܲˡ
ַ֪ùеɥʬϳ࣬Ųǣǵ٣Ѿȥ
֮ɥʬ߲㣬ʱҲôЩ밵ڳǱĿˡ

ʲôʮǿ߽ǣǷơ
޴ˮͰУһƯŮϴ裬ӨˮļϻӱϿĻŮ̻СĪƷƼľɫŮ
ʵȴǣŮһͷɥʬڳӵоȨɥʬͷ졣
˵ﴳʮ࣬ŮղŻ͸Ŀ۾һ˿Ѫīɫ
ŮľͰԶһֻˮ߽ű𣬽ѪɫҺ˿һеĻҲΪŮղźȵһơ
ʵȴǣһѪˮѪˮ
Ůϴ裬޳ʳָԼǰ˵ѩǰỮԼӨļʱ򣬸һԸеСУŮڴ֮õ֮еĵ
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ĩ֮ǰŮһɫŮȴɥʬزǶĵŧʬߡ
ͷǿĹ໥ʳ˫˫
Ůʳͷǿ޵ѪҺ֮ͻȻǴ󿪣ϵŧҲ٣ͻȻʮ
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ڵÿ컹벻Ѫ֮⣬Ѿǰģûκβˡ
Լ˵ϵѪ˵ഺפôȻ˰֮ǣԼͲܽƽȥ
ŮһԾˮͰһһƬ͸İɴԼµϣֶһԵļƯŮɥʬ˵ѸټӪصĽǣҪһ£һζԸ⼸ǰ֮ǵǿߡ
ڣʮŮɥʬɥʬһãղϴŮɥʬǿ˾λϡ
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һŮ˵˾Ϊĸ˼ΣգǲΪһ磬⼸ɷǳǡ
׷׵ͷǿߵѪҺȻúȣΪ˺ȱ˵ѪԼϣǾͺֵܲˡ
ﲻͬ˵Щ˼ȻˣֻҲߣνѣȻˣǲһݣȫɵֻҪһʳ⼸ǿߵѪҺഺפ˵ǲǣ
ŮǰģɥʬȻ⼸ǿߵѪʹԼഺפеŮǾ۷Ź⡣
һļãƤԶΧŮҪĶŮɥʬ˵˾˵ǣΪ˱ǿԽĸ˸ƣַ֪ߵǸС۾ˣҲǽĶļһ˼ΪɫǿԴ֣һɱǡ
ͷ˵ɫƯƤֺãȥջĶȻԽǸɫԵߵԸĶͽˡ
˾֣һȥǸɫߵڳ¾ƺȡ

ſţĶһĲãôˣв˯˭ôģҹΡ
ŵʱ򣬿һͤͤƯŮŵվſڣĶеĲöʱɣǰŮһǳĽˣôԼˣѶˣŰҹ
ŮˣŮ飬
ŮûнţǶĶһ˵ķҸ죬ܲҳȥĻأ
ҪɣŴ󴲣ŶģҪôĶС
ᣬȥˣˣ
ţĵҲŮ˵ȥҲˡ
Ůŵһת⽫ԼĴȱ¶ĶǰĶӲһ˵ϡ
ĶȻ˵ߣлһԥ˫˵ĴȣͬСһͷСһŮ£ȻҲ£ߡ
Ů߹ַ㷿ſڵʱ֪Ǽ䷿ſڵʱȻ֪סһֲĴڡ
ŮϣҲ¶һ˿־֮ɫ


228 Ԫͨ
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ⲻǳĹĶ۾Ůɿ֮󣬽ųѩװԲŮȹ¶⻬׵ĴȸβĻԲߣĶĿˮ
ţұȣͻȻȳҲҲˡ
Ůһ߽Լ죬߸ö۾дתĶԳ
ѾȷǾŮһˣԼ㵹Լǰ¶ģϣԼԼҲַһŮ˵
ĶЦ׻˵ľȻѧңƽģͲôˡ
˵֮䣬޸ǰַŮԲĴϣһЦĸ
ҲĶ̽ԵľٶѣŮԣ𣬲һĻͻ֣ԶԷǸ
Ůû÷ԣ˫ﵽĶļͷ§סĲӡ
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ĶҲֱӽŮӿ뻳вŮҿһᣬԴ˵˵ŮĴСΪʲôѽǲ⼸ðˣ
ŮΪĶǷʲôɫЩȻϽǰɣһһ£һͺˡ
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ĶȻ鷳鷳Ҳַ㶥أȴĿַ棬ɱƯŮ
һ֮УĶõľƯŮǰί
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ĶͻȻ棬ǰַĸ˵ҲãҰŮƭģϴҰɣֻŮ
ַûһ˿飬ָһŤŮľǣҪ˵ɥʬľǣַĿǰһգҲһ顣
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Ķһ˵˵ϴ̫ˣŮ˴£ǽѵһҲˣնɱ𣿡
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⡭ôôƯһСˣһӱɥʬˣ
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Ķ˵ͷɥʬʲôȻ֪Ϊĺڰκα޶˿ֲ
һͷޣֻҪԱˣ㲻ֻ࣬ҪһЩʳԽһ
ַսǱ֮еڰȴһ໹ǱޣжζʳǲѪҲƴȡ
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ַ㣬˵Ѿʮ㣬żȻɥʬץһ㣬Ⱦʬڶʱ֮ɥʬ
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ʳﲢȱǰ£֮ĶҲͲңɥʬĿȴҪȫһɥʬҲɥʬ֮䲻ɵ͵ìܡ
Ҳ̱СΧڣȴɥʬȥ
ȥɣ
Ķͷ˿ɥʬĴȣź˵ɥʬŮôƯһεĻ֪ʲôо
ַһڵأֲ֣ʤ˵°˼Ķ¸ղڹŹתһȦ֮뵽Ȼ⡣
ַû˵㲻ԼȾʬĻһɥʬһʲôоȾʬĻұԥĻɱ㡣
ĶжʱëȻĸоַ֪˴Ц˵ҪɱԼĻɱԼ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣҲ˵˵ѣΪɥʬŮһΣСĻǾֵ̫ˡ
ַĶˣַжЩοȴĶ˵ûԺôȥݱŮأһҪסԼ
ַھڣԼղŻΪתˣַȵǻȥ
Ķ̾ϢУַĶ뿪
ַĶߺ󲻾ã߳һɥʬɥʬ˿ϵͬʬ壬ͨʩ˻һи
ڣڵϢĻͻȻһ۾һ˿ɥʬеīɫɫ
رճԪͨǼǿ߲ϳҲɲ֮ǣ²ΪѪҲҪɱ⼸࣬Ϊ񽫾𡣡
˾ģѾȫر˳ԪͨھһֻҲ޷ӳɳȥһΣһҪǼѪծѪ


229 ɫ
С˭ˣôһί˵δɩɩ
磬Ķɫʮֲã̲ס˵
Ķ̾һϣַɥʬŮһԹַ㲻ϧ
֪챻ַϺһѪɥʬȻͻȻˣһȺɥʬĻ˵˳ֱַ㻹ݣƯŮȴʼպݲĳ
Ķҡҡͷ˵ûʲôһŮɥʬѡ
һŮɥʬȻŮɥʬһȭԴҲˣΪʲôüģ֪ˣǲŮɥʬϷ㣬㲻СʧŻᡭ
֣ʤһЦûԣռŮɥʬıˣҲһǧݺ̾üչˣҿռŮɥʬıˣæһ
ĶΪһα֣ʤĲˡ
ȥŮǰشʵԲİȣĶһĻԴ˵ǰɥʬĿڵɥʬôƯأǻֹȵСǣҲûɫϧƯһλɥʬãȴϴĻɱˡ
ɥʬĴУΣȱ޻ҪĶ࣬ɱɥʬҲȻɣ
֣ʤɲĶǸͿ棬Ȼ˵˵ɥʬĩ̫࣬ѾԶԶ
ɥʬϵʬȴʮĶ֣ʤڵʣ㱻ҧֽţֻҪԴܵ˺Ҳ䡣
ǱɥʬشĻΪȾʬɥʬ˵۶ǿֻ࣬ҪȾʬɥʬպҲûбĿܡ
֣ʤ˵ֻ֣ôɥʬôƭؾأ
Ҳ֣˶ɥʬҲɥʬİ֮ǡ
ʲô֮ǣϻֵطֲóô٣ԭɥʬĳС
֣ʤͬʱɫϽǵʱֻǾسǵʿޱ飬ΪֹԵЩ죬û뵽ɥʬ
ϣŮǱĮõŮһ䣬Цģϣ֮ǣǲġ
ϣ֮У͹ݹӶŮǾʮְϧеĹϾûʿһȥɱޣֲԸȥֹȳ壬ֻùݣ͹ԼƷ̵ϰ࣬ȡ΢롣
еһλͻпܱϰߣһʧȥȥֹȣֻлͷЩŮǲϧеĹ
˿֮󣬸ȵĲˣ޲ðѶԷԼĲ͹ݻ̵С
ַסµùеŮȴԵñ䣬ڱĶϷ£Ȼ޷Ӧԭ˶ɥʬ
֣ʤ˵ֲеô٣һ£Ҫڹĵ㣬ҲҪʮˣпܵסΧǵϮ񱱾ϣ֮ǣϣ֮ǣǴﵽ˶еȴô٣ԭɥʬģѹˡ
֮ɥʬԶԶϣ֮ǣڰ֮УʮͷɥʬڵĳУҲش͵İ֮ˣڰ֮ǣҪ˵࣬ǶܶĹ޴ǰ֮ǡ
ַĻ֣ʤҲ⣬ǹ޴ۣҪȻǾϮ֮ǣϾĿǰı޶޷ֵɥʬϵʬ
һɥʬץˣ۶ǿıޣҲɥʬĸӹ
ɥʬɥʬԵĲͬɥʬǿҲᵮǣɥʬȴӵвǻۡ
һЩǿıޣڸȾʬ֮󣬱ΪȾĸĸӹֻҪЩɥʬ޸ҷĻڹʩʬɥʬ࣬Ϳʬʴɥʬ޵Ĵ֫ʹЩɥʬƬ֮丯ö
޴ɥʬʱҲֻбܶԶ֮ԼȾʬ
ַ뿪õʱõǼɥʬŮûǣ·ǲһ㣬뿪Ҳַ֪˼ǣŲǰɣ
Ķ˿ǼòŮɥʬǲҪַ㣬ħ
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໡
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ַкһ˵СģҪЩɥʬȮצץˣҪȻ˭ҲȲǡ
δ䣬ַѾΪһâɥʬȮȺС
ɱ䣡


230 ɥʬ


ַֻǶһ£ߵ߰ͷɥʬȮԴ׷ը׸ߵɥʬȮʬǷ׷׵ڵء
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ȴַɥʬƴһǻˡ

ǿ޴ײ
˾ĿУַ˼ٱɥʬ֣Ȼշ˼ʮ֮ߣصˮϡ
ԶһԵýµĵҵһɥʬµ壬ǰѽʵˮ棬ҳһĴӡ


231 ɥʬ
ɥʬϵĹͷȫˤϣַһȭ֮ɥʬֹϵһ˫ۣʹ˱
ϴ̫ˣҽķ㡣
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ַû˵ͷɥʬԼһȭӦʱŶԣȴ֮󣬰һһغ
Լսһ˲٣ûдﵽЧղԼȭͷǱɥʬֵ巴Щۣһжǲ÷顣
һĩڣȫĵǿߣͨϣ֮ą̊́ͨдսײ
κһ̨ͨ˶ڷȼߵ⻷ĥսȥҰ⣬ͨɱĥս
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ĶһԵͷ˵ŮȻʶʱˣҪȻֻҪϴͷˡ
ַͻȻȭŮûзӦʱ̣ȭͷԴ

ŮԴΪѪʬԵڵء
֣ʤղŮƶٶȣֻϵڶʮ㣬ȴַһȭɱ
ַ㵭˵κ˵ֻһΣѾˡ

ĶϧˣϧСˣϴ̫ˡ
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֣ʤЩеĺܴһˣ϶¶ʧı顣
һ˸ǲ˵ΪʲôȥԺ󣬴ҾҪֵأ˶Ǵ໥ͻΧĿܣˣɶޱ޼ʵɥʬ˵ǿҲûʲôá
˷׷׵ͷĶЦЩ˵ƾЩ˵˶Լ˵ǿĻͲˣ
λѣѾͻʮ㣬ﵽҲǿˣЩУʮҲûУλ˵һ㡭
ַ˵ûʱǷϻҹȥ
ղ˵ˣѾﵽ˾㣬ڼǰɥʬļӣȻͻʮ㰵Ϯɱɥʬӡ
ȴ벻챻ַȣĶ˵ĿûвãŹȻĶ
ȴû뵽һڣ㱻ַǿӲĻ˻ȥ
Ǹַֻֻһۣеַ͸Ŵ̹ǵĺ⣬ƾֱµַ˼ǣ˲ŵͷ˵
ַȻʿЩ˶Ϻ󣬶ȳȥĶַЩҶᣬ׷׳ӿȥ
ͻȻһŮĲҽĶŮ̧ͷȥҽһʮ߰꣬崿һ۾ƯŮ
Ůǰ̽һڵ壬һʹ֮ɫȻղŮıø̴ְ塣
ŵصŮһĮ˵͸ҵӵ·Ѱ·
ĶŮǰܵ˺ðɣŭɶĴ⹷ȻҵҵףɱôƯһλСãҿѰŶԣ


232 ȭͷӲ
ַһ˿ɷԸ⿴黹Ƿˡ
Щʳû㿪ʼɱ棬ɥʬΧĻ֪ж˵أ
մŮѪȻĶ𣬵ȴ£ѾûгκζˣĳӶһ㱻θ
ɱŮҲȫΪԷ·ɱԷ֮öԷ伢ŮֲǿŸиǲȷԼһ̻᲻ᱻ
߽׵Ĵ󺺰ָУ̰ʳָϵѪһãһ̵ı飬ɥʬʳѪģҲû̫
󣬴󺺲̵ĿŮʵزĴϲϴתƺѰֵλá
ĶŭĿ£󺺲Ϊ˵ǿʳĩˣҵĻղľˣҵ·ѵɱʲô𣿡
ٶʳ󲿷־ѾٴУǵĿȥŮϣ·𿴵һζĿ⡣
ЩǼɵĶ˵ȥŮʬ˺Եˣȴ
ѽ˭СѾͷ۵ġ
СѾͷѾˣǰ˰ɣѾܶûгһ㶫ˡ
úúãҲûаǱ԰һˡ
֣ʤĿɿڴ˾û뵽ǰЩ˿˵Ļ
ǶѽôܺŮѪأЩ˵ģҪŷʳŮѪ⣬ôɥʬʲôأ
ַսǱ֮ȻŴ⣬ȴԼʳָЩΪ˻ȥɱԼͬˣֻһ߳Ĭ
֣ʤҪֱڣŸоԼЩˣҲδ£ҲΪʲôַղŽ飬뿪֮ǷֵȻַԤϵ˻ᷢ顣
ЩΪ˻ȥѾúԭͬⶼԣȻԼľ˷ϡ
һȥԼɥʬסĻ˵Щ˻ṴɥʬԼзһ
ǰΧסŮʬ壬֡
ĶҲѹƲסеŭˣǰƿΧŮļ˵˭Ҷʬ壬ұСӡ
Ķôһ˵˵ʳȺ鼤Уǿ׳ˣмŮǶһԽ
ƾʲôѾˣܳ⣬ǲ⣬Ҳģ
ǾǣǵǵļʮǣҲȫ˳ˡ
֣ʤʵڿȥˣǰ˵ǲܳŮʬ壬Ϊˣ˾ͲԵ飬ǳŮʬ壬Щɥʬʲôͬ
ƣһװġ
ӵˣҪ˵زʶˣҵĸĸҲҳԵǣن£ȳǣ
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Щʱзղڴ֮ͥ£ֱ׳İѻ˵ˣַ㻹ǵһϡ
֮Уνѵ֮ĶˣӦòᰮķˡ
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ֻˣĩпֻȥ
ȻЩʳ۷׷ףȴûһ˸ȶĶ֣ЩȻɥȴ
Ҳ֪Ķ֮Уһй˵ֶΣһȻ˶ڣȴҲûлɱַĶ˵İա
˵ЩʳһҲģһַ㽻֣˵ͻһΪַֺ㣬ϮɱԼͬ顣
Щ˴£ֻĶ˳֣ԼһԼ˶ѡ
ղϮɱŮ󺺣ҲͲסˣǶۣҲϮɱߵͬ飬Ȼ֪Ķ˿ƺǣȻһԡ
Сӣ赲ҴҳԶҲһˣʱ㲻Ҫ˵Ҵү֮ͽ
ԣ֣֧㣬˭赲ǳԶǾͳ˭
ЩĶǱӲ֪Ӽÿݹǲ
Ȼˣʲô˵ģĶһ󺺽ǰ
¶һ˿ЦѾﵽ˰㣬Щʳ֮УҲëǵǿˣŸҵĶַ棬ϮɱŮ
Ķһȭһˣ߬ȭͷ׼
ѾܿĶȭͷĶȭͷ֮ȴûгأͻȻͷٴλ󺺡
ĶȭͷڿͻȻ٣ЯĿֲ˱ɫ
󺺰вûļ㿪Դ㱻ĶһȭУɢѪ󺺵ԴıĶһȭˡ
ʳסˣ벻Ķֻһĸ˵ͷ죬ҪȻǿ
˺ǿͻʮ㣬ǿѽ
ڲ֪ǿǶôĿֲˡ
Ҳ˲˵£ҿĸУҲһ㣬ں׳׳Ĵδʲô汾£СǲֵһᣬǸСëûȫأ͸׶Ըˡ
ţֻҪǿߣ˾ͺöԸˡ
Щ˵У֮УĶӦ֣ʤĬԣȻú\׳׳ȴδжǿַ㣬üĿ㣬ʮĸһֻ֣ʤ󺺸Ӳ硣
ϾǸ͵ģ˵ųÿɰűĶߵġ
Ķɱ˸ղ֮󣬲ʳ׷׽£ͼΧĶ
ַɷһʧӰȺʳ֮Уһžϱõмʮ˵ԴֱӴ򱬡
ҲǼӣַֿޱȵĻصԭЩˣΪַղһҲûж
ȺУͬһʱ̣ʮ˱ͬʱ
Щʳ֪Լ˶ôصĴĶһȭɱһǿߣ͹ˡ
ַȴڼʱ䣬ɱ˼ʮǿߣм˵Ǵﵽ˾㣬֣ĶѾǿ˲һ㡣
ղеˣһ⣬ǸղŽҪɱַĶ׵ЩˣлȵŮ
Ůղпڳѷˣַɱ
ʳ֪ԼһȺǿĲ˼ǿߣȻ֣ʤûг֣ЩʳѾȷҲǼǵĴڡ
ڳʱĹѺɥʬŰ֮£ЩѾ˸ȫޣ¶ַɱʮˣüͷûһ£ЩȫͷҲû˸ҽϮɱַˡ
ַĿڽʳɨĿ˭ϣǸ˲Դĸ͡
˵ַͻȻԴ󷢣ŵĻԼղǻͷȻһȺɥʬµĶħǡ
ַûκθ𣺡Щ޷̵飬Ҳȫɱǡ
ˣʮǿ߶ͷҶ˵һ仰
ǾԵľ𺳣Ҫ˵һʳʮʳҲ˿ɣַɱ
ǿаңȻղҲͬŮʬ壬Χַ˵顣
ղȴû˵ʹһ١
֣ʤ¶һ˿ЦǸղĶŭڵĴԼĵȰ룬ûֹЩ˵Ұٶ
ַһȭͷȥסˡ
ĩ֮УȭͷӲ

ʲôַļ߹ɱнȫʳһҪַ߹
벻ֳַôӣЩԼַˡ
鵽һҲûãַֻơ
ݰ֮ʮɥʬǧͷǿɥʬѵ⼸
˾
һŮ˽
Ŀһʵʲô£
ٻ֮ǵ˾磬Ҫһ˾һ𣿡
รҵӣ͹ȥ
ӫǰһװģΪ崿Ů˳ַĻһϳŮַһŮ䡣
Щصʵã𣿡
㣬˵м£ҪҪҹȥæ
ĸ˶ѣһӦˡ
˵ҪֻܸңǽһҲôס
˵ͷҲ֪䲻ףٻ֮ݰ֮Ǿ벻Զ໥֧ԮҲһˡ
ʵ֪ʲôôƾˣͿôķ
˽ַ㣬Ϊս񣬾˵ĿǰеĵһǿߣǼΪѲһˡ
ʲôַ㣡
ı飬ﲻʵѵˣӦôû棿
侫µԳıţǴûмˣǰҲ˵ˣ֪ôһ£һֵַʱоͺܱòȻ·ǰϤһ㣬ȴû˼桭Ҳ㲻ԼΪʲô֣б𺳣


233 ɥʬ
һС¥ַЩӳǿǣ㿴ɥʬ࣬صΧסС¥ǰ
ƵʿǼվ˼˽֣ͷǿɥʬޣ岼ķֲС¥ܡ
Щɥʬޣ߼ʮ׵ϰײȣӴڽͷΧ¥ȺӴȥ
˸еսľ˼ǣһЩߴɥʬϣվżɥʬࡣ
ɥʬȻվɥʬսɥʬ޲Ϸֻ棬Ҫ̫𺳡
Ķ֣ʤǾĿɿڴȻǿ߻ɱĹȴûԦŹս
ȣ޵ĽٶҪԶԶ࣬ĿǰǿƷǣҲ޷׷ս
޵ĸߣһʱٷĻЩͼǵֻ࣬ôҲ֪
ɥʬȴʬɥʬЭͬսǿǵʵ
ĩе壬˵ԲٿظָӵĹƼǿҲ࣬޵Ϊֲ
ɥʬ࣬еĶڸߣʹϵʬԸȾκơ
Ȼֻĩ꣬ĩȺľȴѾ¶˶ߡ
ַ㰵̾ϧ֮еԪμ̫ǿʹԼ޷սǱҪȻֻҪԼȡ̨ףһһ̨ɱȥҪɱЩɥʬư֮ҲǺѵ顣
ڣԼҪɱΧȴҪѺܴ
ôɥʬɥʬ޳֣ЩĶ˽ȵǿߣһʱ˵ŵʮǿߣҲԴ
ˣˣôɥʬΧסǣˡ
ӸղŻΪԼӳأԭֻǿջϲһǼȻȲǣΪʲôҪǰ׸һ
ѽǻٶģȴҪǸˡ
ЩȵԼôɥʬΧеǰ;ãΪɣһָĶ
ȺļһĶĻðɣǺ
վǵʱЩһж£˶¹ڼ߱Χ˴ɥʬǸеϣ󣬱޵ָĶЩǵˡ
Щ˲ǼɵĶ̫ǿ˵ƿڴ
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෴ַ㵹ɫƽǧָ˺ģ
ͲµЩ˻ķӦ
һԵ֣ʤַ򣬵ǧ¶У״򲻶ı飬Ͳȵ˵ġ
һɥʬֵĶͷϣһװŮŮüĿȣɫʣ֮ѡ
ַղŻеŮнòҲѷɫ
Ͽ˭Ҳһͷɥʬ࣬Ů·ݣ˵޶ˡ
ŮĿɨݵ˵һĹµĻᣬֻҪǺɱ࣬Ǳ㿼Ƕǽн𼶴УʹǼм䡭
Ů仰һڣЩǿ϶¶ݵıõ𼶴УǧѷĻᣡ
ڽ𼶴УַҲ֪һ㣬Ǿǿǻߵɥʬ࣬ϵʬȵϡ
ɥʬǿϵʬȵϣ𼶴С
ĿǰӵʬɥʬѾ٣ǿ˽𼶴֮󣬱ǻ۾˿Ľͣ԰ٲ֡
һʬУִУȻʬήͣȴԵ½
ͭУͼһִУһȼɥʬûκٶȣҲܴܵơ
һҰЩҡҡλΣ蹷û̫ɥʬϣЯıͭʬ
˵ɥʬУǧ֮Űپʮŵ˶ͭʬĸȾߡ
ַ֮ǿЩЯͭʬɥʬȾ֮Ҳں̵ܶʱڣһͷǵɱ˿ħֻĸ壬Ͼɱ
ЩץǿߣڱŹѪ֮Ǿɥʬʬͭɥʬʳ
˵ֲ黹ǱǻɥʬǱֺǣѪԵͭɥʬ
𼶣ɥʬͷŵʬȾᱣԼһ㣬˵Ҳ޷ܣٱҪǿһٱ
ŮĻһڣǿ߷׷⶯ǰ֮Уյ³ǱѪʬ嶼޷ȫ
ǿԽܽ𼶴еĻܱסԼļȻԺԼÿҲ벻ѪԼԻȥ


ַˣͬʱԴϸĵ˸ԿַڵλãղһЩϸ΢ƫ
ȻַڻɱЩֿ֮ٻصԭء
ַ㱳ЩˣȻߣ
ַЩǿ߷׷ѪѾˣղŵصˣжŴС¥ڼ
ȻЩϮַ㣬űַȷˣԴ
ûиղЩ˶ַ㱳ַĺĪǳ۾ɣȻԵ֪Ҫͼı졣
ʣµǿߣ׷׺ˣַܵԶһ㡣
һ˿ַ죬ͻȻϳˣַ㡣
ʲôĪǻ˱ǵһǿһն־񷣬ɽлɱԵַ㡣
ԣһҲῴġ
ԭսַ㣬ֲе֮ǣ
Ȼַ㣬Ķ֣ʤĸһ𣬵ַҫ۵Ĺâ£˾Եѷɫˡ
ЩǿߣЩ˸ղŻͨɱַˣɥʬĽ𼶴У뵽Եˣлĵһǿ֮Ƶսַ㣬ЩУҲûһġ
˵ͷֲ˿Ƭ֮䣬ɱʮǿߣղŸ֪䣬ɵͼı࣬ԭ˽ַ㡣
ղͼַͷ˸еϧ֪ԼҪԸˣĵսַ㣬֪У᲻Լղŵľٶڵĺޡ
ȺУʮǿеļɵ֮ɫҲԵŨ˼֣ղҲϮַĴ㡣
ʮּ黫ûַʵ֮ǿðȻ֣еıַ㿿ʱȻһԹ۲졣
Щ˳ɹϮɱַ㣬ںˡ
֪ôһ£ǿߵԴ㱻ĪĴ򱬣һƬɫҺǽһһ
̣ҲǿһģӰǰѡ
˰ԼûðȻ֣ҪȻղľԼˣ˵ǿַʱһĸֱԼ̵ϣȻַĶħ
ĩڵʱ˵Զĵĸǿߣȴַɽ̨ϡ
ǰǴϢ˵ַɱһͷʮԣֻøʢľǿ־񷡣
ԼʮȻսսַ㣬ԼľٶɱҿԼûż֣ҪȻԴľԼˡ
Щ£ʮǿȫ·Ѿˮ״͸
ַӰٴλΪһӰɥʬɥʬ֮УһźѪ߸߽ԶԶȥĺѪĴͷ·ҰϷ˱ڡ
ַ֮ɥʬ׷ױһЩߴɥʬޣԴ븹ҲҳһѪ
Ķһ΢Ц˵Сǿϴսֱǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ҿҲʮ˰ɣ
֣ʤһԾʮ㣬ʮ
СҲﵽʮˣҿϴֲԶˡ
֣ʤ˫һ˵սٱǿ˺ü˵ʮ㣬ﵽʮҲϴ档
ţ˵ϵĺôϴռȫأôǿ󣬻ܱסϵ۽ܣսָߵףĽĻôľɫŮ׷պܴﵽϴһĳɾͣٻʮҲֵˡ
Ķ֣ʤվһ۷׷ףָ㽭ɽһԲС˵ϴǰ࣬ȴƨȫһȺûĵĶȥæ
Сƨ˵ǣΪʲôԼȥұ˴˱˴˶ѣ
Цһɥʬ֮С
ɥʬͬϺˣ˷ľ޽ߣĺѪܱ߽Ⱦȹ
ССƨȥˣҲϰɣ
Ķ֣ʤҲɥʬ֮УǲŴɥʬȺУԱΧ۵Щǿ߱㿴󣬳ƬƬɥʬ൹ǵĽ¡
ˣͬħһ㣬֮ոһ
Ⱥǿǣզ಻ѡ
ǿս˺ǿһȥնɱʮͷɥʬ
ǿս˵λֵܣɥʬ֮У֮ôһᣬ߰˰ͷɥʬ˵ˡ
һ˵ս˵ֵȻλɰСŮȣȴҪԶˣСŮͬʱڣɱ߰˰ͷɥʬôСĻŮһҲܳΪսĵľǿߡ
Щǿߣھһ֮󣬵óһۣǾַ¸ûһߡ
ԼַͻΧҪ밵֮ǣҲûпܵ飿
Ѫڣһǿһ˵ǣǻʲôǾ׷սˣһɱΧɡ


234 Ⱦʬ
ת֮䣬˵ɥʬǧɥʬַ㣬Ķ֣ʤĸ˻ɱַǿƣǽǿҲǣ׷ɱɥʬ֮С
ɥʬͷ­ϵŮɫһ䣬ַ⼸˵ǿԶԶԭȵĹƣԼҪȥȱС
ŮûüɥʬˣַѾ˹

ַһȭʯƾֱӻɥʬ߸¡Сϣɥʬ˻У߰ʮ׵ľһͷԵڵأüɥʬʿѹࡣ
ɥʬͷϵŮǱĹʮ֮Զһͷסĵ٣һǱ
໡
ɥʬһʹĸУڵһ˺üΣûٴվϸʮ߹Ǳַһȭϡ
󵹵أַеıֱӴ˾ĶͷѾĶͷ˸Ѫģ
ɥʬһԴ඼ĵطԴַıһڷһ̶˻֮󣬵
ݲ͵Ůɫһ䣬ű˲עʱ̣Ҹط
ʱиõЦĿ˵ŮȥѽҪһȥɣ˿Խһһã
Ůһ̧ͷһһϸ۾ЦеĿŮʶˣһַС֮һһϲŮ˵ļһ
ĶֻŮŮҪӣ̲סǰǻŮת뿪ĻĶ˵һ
ŮȷΪĶԼģɷ˸һÿҲīɫиǳʮָ絶ֱĶ˹
Ů֪ǣĶһĴ
Ķһ߶һ߹۲Ůɥʬ
Ů۾ȻѪīɫиǳŷȵΣģȴûܵӰ졣
۾дŵīɫʹŮϣһЩŮ˲еζ
ĶһЦŮûɱ㣬һƴ𣿡
ŮһʧзҰ޵ĺԹ޵Ŀ⿴Ķ
ŮٴλʱĶұ۱Ůɥʬצ΢ɨһ£ʱСһʹ
Ķ΢΢һиǰвá
ʱŮųָ׵İС֣ٴץĶţȵĶʱŮָѾĶϡ
ÿٶȣĶһգԼڽˣ
ŮԼڲ֮䣬ɥʬԶټĶ׷ַ㣬սҪŮҲǶѵ顣
ղĶкüλԻɱŮŮ֮ʱȻû֡
Ķ֣ŮȴһצֻҪץĶţԻץĶԴ
Ů¶˲̵Цݣ·Ķ䣬Ѿʮþȵˡ
ʱԱһӰĶײһߣ˸һȭŮԴֱӴ򱬡
ĶʧǵģַаС޲һ˵ĶղŻͷһͱŮɥʬɱˡ
ղ˵ŮɥʬʧȥԴһѪģʬ壬Ķаϧ˼˵лϴ󡭡
ַεҡҡͷһһŮ˵ϡ
ַ㲻ĶǼ׷ɱɥʬСʱ֮󣬵˼ʮͷɥʬ߰ǧɥʬʬ壬ʣµɥʬˡ
սһ䣬ǿ߷׷׸ߺ
ʤˡ
սꡣ
ַˣɱȥ׻ǵϳɣ
ЩǿҲɵղŵɥʬǿɥʬַ࣬㣬ַߵ˻ɱġ
ʧȥַİæЩ಻Ҫ˵ɥʬˣҪ
Щ˲ŸʿǣԸ׷ַһȥɥʬɱ
֣ʤһղŽǿߣڼս֮Уʮʣ²һʮˡ
ʣµЩҲû̫ģȻ˰֮ǣÿҲ˱֮ģȻղһս˲ˣзûڵбѺʱĿ־塣
Щǿ߼һַע⵽һǿߣԼ˫磬ݲϴ
Աߵһ˺ʵϵܣôˣڶҪˣ㲻˵ԼϷɣ
ţϵȷ䣬֪ôһ£Ҫ
ַͻȻ뵽һ£˵ղűɥʬҧ˰ɣ
΢΢һ漴뵽ԼղŵСϣһɥʬצ΢ץһ£˺˿ӣԼСѾ˺ɫ
սˣȾʬˣô죿
Ͼı飬в̣ϾСŮͬҪԶַ֣ʤҪǿĶࡣ
ַĸ첲˵ָ磬Ҫһ취Ⱦˣ
ַεҡҡͷ˵ɥʬʬ޽⣬ҸȾˣҲһͷԵɥʬǾȲˣҪֻܹСĺˡ
˸еԼ֫ʧȥ֪һ˵ǣҪңҲɥʬġ
˵ǸϸȾʬߵĺüˣʱһܵһߣȻǵڿԴ֮ץԼ
֣ʤʵ磬ô죿
ް취ֻгûбɥʬɱҪȻͻˡ
ַĻҴǿǣñǸˣȻкַͬ顣
ȻҶһƴɱֵܣ˼ȻȾʬҲֻɱ
ˣĮĿ⿴˼ˣɣ
ûһ˵еȴսеıȻ
ٴ֮ɫͻȻеģǾȻңҪһ
㳯һȥѾע⣬ԼˣҲҪһ汳
ʱͻȻһǰһһȭ󺺵Դȫ
󺺵ʬ建أܶ˾أ˭֪һȾʬ᲻Լأ
ַ㿴˸ղųֵһۣȺУΨһʮǿߣղɥʬŮĶЩΧԼʱַҲ˵һ˿⶯
˲ûжַκβ飬ַŷŹ
벻ղ֣ɱ˸Ⱦʬͬ飬һĮĲȭͷϵѪˮַ΢΢һ䡣
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ڼĹУЩֲ˸Ⱦʬ
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һɱһشɥʬͬھַ̾Ϣѡ
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һַ㣬ʮ֮Уû˵ĸˣڸȾʬ֮󣬻ٱͨˡ
ȾʬˣһɱһɥʬͬھĶҲԽԽ䣬ַ˵ɥʬʬ޽֮ĶиɱĶС
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ʲô£
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ַĶ߸Сۡ
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֣ʤҲȥѵĶСĸȾʬĶߵļǿ߿Ķ˿̵ģԶԶ˵һߡ
ĶЦղŲСģŮɥʬָ׻һѣϴΪûȵĻһȭңϴһֻ־ˣòġ
һͬʹӣĴ۾䣬֣ʤҲҧ촽һˣҹҹ빲һǣ
֣ʤʵϴѵȾʬûа취𣿡
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ַҡҡͷ˵ŮɥʬЯȻʬעڱϵģȴֻͭʬ
֮ȻвЯ𼶣ʬɥʬ˽ֵʱעԷϵģͼͭʬ
ҪȻЩǿɥʬԼܶľԷһǿɥʬˣ޵Դ
ߣЯ𼶣ʬɥʬҪע𼶣ʬķڴʹϵ
ЩǿǻۺܸߵɥʬǾὫϡеĽ𼶣ʬעԼĵϵġ
ҪȻ类ɥʬץҧ˵ǿǣһҲȫҡҡλΣµĵͼɥʬˡ
˵ǿϸȾĶͭʬղŮɥʬĶսȻɵڵԼŪֳ
ĶȾǽ𼶣ʬԺҪ쿿ʳѪΪʳܻȥҲ


235 
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Щ£ֵصû䣬ƽĵεΣǡ
ȻԸ⣬ȴҲûа취뿪֪Լδ֮ĶЦһĲñ顣
ƶĸˣ˵ЦСûĵļһﻹЦĳ֣ղҪɱղŮɥʬ⣬ɫҪ³Դ˰ɣ㻹Цĳ
СƨޣĶʮһúţСԺҲû㶷죬ûߣԺûôķˡ
ķͷСǼŮ˾ͷΣôн³ܡ
ĶȻڲͣЦعͷַ˵ϴĶⱲӸϴɱɱ椵ҲûⱲҲֵˣֻǲ֪û±ӣеĻǻֵܣС±Ӽ
˵ĶһһȭԼԴ֮һԵ֣ʤеһ˿Լ档
֪ĶһȭжˣһȭʵĻĶСԴ
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Ķ֣ͣʵѵʬн𣿡
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ֻ˿ܵȾѣʱϴĶҲᱻϵȴɥʬ
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ַ᲻ܲջӦأЩǿԼֵջǲŵַӦ˶Է
ЩȻںַӦԷַӦ˻֮󣬻᳹ǣһĵġ
Ķ̾һ˵Ů˾ڶţ٣̸࣬ϴ˲飬һӦҪģŮǲۣĶѽ
֣ʤĶһ˵벻Сӻػ־ǿϧղΪʲôûбɥʬ
Ķ֣ʤҭһ䣬ʱ˵ˡ
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Ĵ۾彥Σ֫彿СŮ΢ЦšַߣͬɣҲ˵㣬һȻǸҼСѾͷֲַôϲ㣬šֻҪԸ˳ңҲԶнʬĴУʱ˽Ϊãһַߣ㿴ɺã
ʱ۾ѾɵĴˣѾͷǲǱҧгݵ˵ҿɥʬڰΣ


236  Ҽס
Ļ΢һ˿ʧı飬ղŵĻȷǷԷθ
Ļģϣ֮֮мҵڶ֮еǻɥʬ֮Ҳ໥޵Դ֮ΪӦвɱҲǳ¡
ҲãɥʬҲãҲãĸȺ嶼ΪܹõĻȥ伫
ݰ֮ǣȻڻľڣҲ㼫ΪǿɥʬȻɥʬǱԴһķ¡
Ϸɽã໥֧ԮһУյĿҲΪ˱ס׳Լĵ̡
ϣ֮ЩҰļҵΪû̫Ĳͬ
ַΪĵһǿߣһǱֻҪǼݣȻʹݰ֮һԾΪȫɥʬе쵼ߡ
ɥʬ֮о޴ĸĤУɥʬһȺЯвȫĴڣǵΣԣڱ֮ϡ
ǻɥʬУ಻һʳˣͬΪı
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ַɥʬл࣬ȴҲ۶ǵɥʬڶʮСʱ֮ڣʳѪĻҲÿԴ󷢲ʧȥǡ
ʧȥ֮󣬾ǰѽɥʬĸĸɥʬǰɥʬҲԥɸĸϵѪ
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ҪԼڣЩǿ߸ŵɫַжôǿǸֻ֪ҪַһˮһҲ
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Ķȴ֪Լϴ޸ȾɫŮˣǾӦģַԼĵߣǾκ£ԼѪɥʬ
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ַղŵĻ˵ȻӲЩǵ̣Щ˵ɫһ˻ѿ
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ҲǼӣǧ׵ľѸСͷһ˲嵽಻ʮԶĵط
ֵֻڵצסǿߵȫ

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ֻצӣֻҪһֻץ壬Խ
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ղðָ𻨽ǳƥ֮£ƻ
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Ѿ̫ˣַ㻹ûüһȭѾʵʵĴĺϣͬһ̣󺺶һͷѵ
ַѾˣһ֮һ˳˼֮ԶԷַֹǰ汳
ϴ󡭡
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Ķ֣ʤͬʱǿ߸ղŻΪַ˵ȴתϮַ㣬һȫ˵֮⡣
Ƭ֮ͻ䣬һ̫˵ˣֱַ˽ʵʵһȭǿ˵һ֮˲ŷӦ
ǿϲĶſеĻ˵˾ԸͶ׷滨˾Ѿشַ㣬ҵĳ⣬뻨˾ʬеҵϣԺ󶨻Ի˾ƴӡ
ǿȶԻ͵Ϯַ㣬Ҳ˻֮⣬Ҫʬеϣü
ʬеַϣҪΪ˵ΪǿպԳΪұۡ
ǰֻʮ㣬ŲðϵĽʬǸء
еĻȻͷ˵ĲҼסˡ


237  һȭ

˻ﲻ䲻ȵһ仰Ϯַǿ߲һѪðΣϮַ㣬һΪ˲ַһ군ΪͶ
䵭˵ҼסˣסܶԷʬĴУûȷĻӦҲû˹
Լƨĵţƨˣַ㣬ûаͽᵽϧ˿Ѿܻͷ
ַȻشµĶ֣ʤˣĸҲǺǵģҪַ㱨ĻԼôӦ
ģĶɱԼ񲢲£ôһ룬󺺶ʱһɫ
ȻĶŭڵ˵ĹӣȻҳϴ󣬿ҲĹԴšߡ
Ҳ󣬶׼˵ָڵҾһΣղֵצ¾ڶΣȴ𱨣治֪ĸĸһĹεĹģҾĸĸࡣ
֣ʤһ˵ܣӣҲ̫߿ˣҪ˹òãѱĶл֮ģǸʲôǸĶ
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򰵺֮ɥʬͶĽҲʳѡ
Щ˵ֵַǻ˵ͬıҲΪʾԼף׷׶ԸղϮַƿڴ
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Ҳ֪Ķ֣ʤеκһˣ׾ٵɱʱɫ԰׵˵Ǳ
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ǣھָ籨쵰
󺺱ܣԶɥʬɥʬӼ׷׷ŭְ˻
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ʱϮַ󺺿˵·š
򻺻ƽµЬ΢ĦһƵɳɳӼӾֳĽա
Զһ˵Ķʤס֣
ǸϤϲָ磬ղû°ɣ
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ҪѾˣַķӦʮڵȫѹۺľԼĺϡ
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һУַƴʮ֮ãκ£ߵ˵ģղ뻨ӣеȷСǸˡ
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ַǿߣϼݰ֮ǵĻݽؿ쵼ȫĵİ֮ǡ
ͬʱְпá
ַǰĶ֣ʤ˵һߣַӲԸαϮһӱı
սٵеľ飬˶ַ˼ʮ˽ַ֣Ҫɱûκ
ַ֮û֣ҪŰɱˣĶͬĿ⿴ǸˣϣһᣬĲҪ̫ҡ
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ַȫ䱸֮£ûκλܶԷǰҲԼǰ
Χ۵Щǿߣж¶ĵĿ
ղ˵ĵӵСȻϮַ㣬ַԵеʱȴųҷϡ
Щתһ룬ʱԼַ㣬ֻҲȶԷǿȥ
Ϊ󺺻ޣͬʱҲΪַֺ㣬Χ׷״
СӸղŸϮսˣôôˣбȥɣսһȭԴ
˵ĹˣСǸˣͽս˵ս
쵰ȥսһȭ
ЩȻһ𱻹˺ܶ죬ȴûлֵܸ
ĩУҲûж˽ֵܸ飬Ȼһ𱻹˺ܶ죬˴֮䣬󲿷Էֶ֪
ҪȻ˿̣Щʹղ˵֣ʺˣǽƣŽһ
ַȻûһ㲨·ĶվŵģѾһˡ
ʵϣϮַʱѾѶԷˣĿǰΪֹͼϮַˣûܹ
Ȼ㲻֣ҾͲˡ
ַҪ֣֪Լ뷴ˡ
Ȼ֪ԼȥǱɣȴԴУʱиǴԼղŵľٶ̫޴
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ɺޣ֮ǵСǾȻһԿϷЩɥʬǣȻһȺļһ
ϧ˲֪˿е뷨Żһɡ
д˿̻ûзշַĴ㣬˾ѣһһᣬҲû̫ûгûΧַ㡣
ſٱ󺺣ַݱע˫ֺȻĴֱ˵ȭͷҪַؿڵʱַ㻹Ǻ޷Ӧ
дϲĪַͻȻ˷磬Ż޷Ӧ
ǲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ЦַпãַҲǸղһ¶ѣ޲˰ɣ
ʱַһִֻһȭӳ󷢶Ļ˵ȭͷϣһ񲼵ľֱ˳˵ȭͷӿ˽ȥ
ǿľڼ̵ʱڣֱȫѪܣڴݻ˵ĸ첲֮û˿ֱͣȫС
һȭڵѪܣ磬ͷԼ඼ַڵľȫ١
Ǽһȭͷַȭͷһ̣Ѿˣʱ򣬰һҽûдˤ˽ס
ϵĹͷַ㽻ֵʱ򣬾ͱ˷ĩʬڵڵصʱҲûз̫ͬһƬĨ˵ϡ
˵ʬˤɥʬǰɥʬ֮УһͷɥʬȻ˳˵ʬϽɥʬС
ʵѪ⣬ɥʬ޸һӵϣͷɥʬ˵ʬ
Ƭ֮䣬󺺵ʬɥʬ޵ĶС
ַĵ˵ͷȻղԼĶֲǿղʹһȭȴʹԼս˺ܴߣַĴ
еĻ΢Цַ㣬ϲߵһͽǻ̸̸֮ɣ


238  Ů
ַȻ֮仹ʲô̸ҾνʬУһ֮ҪȻֻоһս
ַĻǿӲĿ֮Ҳһ˿ɱ˵ҪҾһսΧĹޣֻˣЩǾµķԺвƣѵƾĸˣͿҾһսɱΧ𣿡
Ļ˵ĵȷܲУһٶֵ࣬ʸûУô˵δЩԸԴ۸֮ӡ
һٶ࣬һͷҳԷ
һٶˣԻӣȻΪŭȴ˵ʲôַ㵲ǰĻֻҪɥʬһ˶ҷ
ЩҲάԼϣĩУҪάԼϣҪʵģ˻ñ˲ȣǿˣ˲ڽ£ĩ
һǿȴҪԲȥȱˣǱȡ衣
ղϮַǿ߾õӣҲǶı֮ѡϮַʱֺܺãȻԲճ
ЩղȣӲ磬ֻɻﳰЦҲаԷģԼܹ˵صĻһҪ̵ʱʹԼǿʱٰ˲ڽ¡
ַɫ˵ΧƺΣգΣʮ飬ַҲЩɱҵ˶ˣȴһֱ졭Ȱһ仰ԪβǳȥҪȻֻཨһУҪڽ컯Ϊˮˡ
ַĻҲֱӣвԷ㲻ҳȥҾͻ㣬ǺεİԵ
ַĩɱ񣬷ɱպսء
ˣ˭ڽַ档
Ҳַ˵ĻĵڣղŻ޼ɵıһٶ࣬Щǿ̫ࡣ
ߣһ֮ôɥʬɥʬޣȻµʸ
ַȻֻмˣϴɽ̨ڶңݳ⣬ƾһ֣֮人漸ʮնɱʮԡ
Щ£ļ²ƾһ֮ġ
Χ֮УַȻвĿԻ˵
ﲻҳЦԷٴУַӵеľʵˡ
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ַûмԷķϻ˫۽ձٻӰݺ¡
ȵľ˳ŽӿΪһķУһâա
ХһµͷǵķС
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ϵĻҧݣ޺޵Ŀ˵ַ㣬ȻϮңҾĲ㣡
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ѵַ㻹ʿ˵С׼Ҫˣ뱣ء
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ַҲаԼղŵһӳķУʵʵĻϣȴûаնΪΣûж̫˺
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ŭ𣺡ȫɱ
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ַ㣬Լе࣬ɥʬɥʬ޵֮С
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Щǿߣղ˰֮УӳϮеֶΣ޷Էߵ˺
ǰǿߣϵϮ֮£ַŭˡ
ȻΪЩ˵ģҶַ࣬еɷŨ

ַ쳤ХһдַıзƬ֮ն˼ʮͷ֡
Щֱնһûȥֻ֮צӸĴץļǿ˺˸顣
ȴиɥʬצ֮¡
ҲЩֵѲ֣֮£Ѿʧȥʶ˭צӾץ˭
ٱץɥʬŭ𣬵ȴȻⲻԼֵצʬ³
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еڿɷ裬ǵĿơ
ڽ˸֮£и߰ͷֱ䴩ͷ­࣬ӿ׹һƬɥʬ
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񲢲ǲսŻָȫ֣Щֵûе¡
Ȼһ֣ɥʬɥʬޣַ֣֮ɥʬȣ߰ǧͷɥʬʧ㲻ʲô
ȻĶͷϣȤĿⳡսλãȸղҪ˼ǧףַ˿÷йǣҲ䲻ϡ
ַķеĽûҸȥϮࡣ
ȴڿ棬Ⱥɥʬһ
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еһͷٴν˷еĸ߶ȣһ죬ŵĻĶ
ĶһЦҪٶȣȫڻ潵֮ǰ֮زز
ң
Ķһ飬һŮ
Ůᳬʮ꣬ĶתͷһԶһ̷ȵŮһŮǿ㲻档
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һٶǿУҲмʮŮŮǱȽƯһ
ΪԷƯĶͰעŮ۲Χβĳߴ磬벻ⳡյľȻ
Ķû˿ԥŮ
һΣҲĿŮǰȥĶŮ壬˳˽ס
ĶȴǱನһʹ
Ķа̾ҪǲŮĻԼڱನɨУȻĶĺ󱳱ನɨһС㣬ʣȴˣʹȴˡ
ŮĶĻУȴǺͷûյһղŵһĻȴŻˣŮĴУ¶ʧı·һֻ˾ŵС¹
Żò崿ŮĶа̾Ůľֹ̬ϿĩǰӦûһУѧĻŮȴΪΪĴÿڳϦĿ־С
ĶıУŮ϶˵㣬УĶҲʼձŮ
ֻεķŮһϧ˵úûȥټ
תĶٴɱɥʬȺС
֪ôһ£һ̵ĶԵøͣܳƬɥʬͬոׯڣ׷׵ܡ
ղſеͷԼһУеѪŨһӴٴθȥе漯˿ǻڣһŻĶŮ


239  Ѫ
һͷֱĶȥַһӣһͷƴûü𣬱㱻һΪΡ
Ѫˮ׷£Ķ̷ŮȳѪˮ
̷Ů˿Ϊ⣬һ˷֮ɫи¶ĽĿ⣬Լһ죬Ҳǿͺˡ
սڳַ㣬֣ʤȻƴɱɥʬɥʬȴԽԽ࣬ǿ߸˲أʣ˲ʮڿ֧š
ʮ˵һɱַʮ֮һãԺԲơ
֣ʤĶ˵ϾѾ¶˾⣬˿̲վĻֻ۵վˡ
ɥʬŽʧ˶ѣԻܴɥʬ㲻ʲô
ַ㣬Ķ˵һҪȻʣµɥʬҲԻǼˡ
еĻ︩棬¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ѫսĸˣַսû̫ܵӰ֮⣬Ķ֣ʤѾ½Ǵ˿ֵ̳ٶȣǴﲻղһ
޴ƣȻԽսԽ£ٹһСʱַ֮ˣᱻ޴
ַ㣬ְֺޡ
޵ƾһ֮ڰСʱ֮ڣɱԼһһˣռʵһ㣬ַͣԼշĻʹݰ֮ǵɥʬ֮һȼ
еĻ﷢һХõĹ޾ֹͣ˶ʣµʮûſеĻΪʲôֹͣ
ֻҪȥʮڼ̵ʱڣͻȫҲټһᣬĶ֣ʤǰȴֹۣ˵һֵĽڷ
ɥʬһԸ񣬻ȻϧµͻȻֹͣԵЩĪˡ
Ķ֣ʤҲһԴϢ˵Ͼǻһ͹֮£ǶѾƣȻҲ׻ΪʲôȴҪϽᣬĻָԼ
еĻ״Ůһׯϵ˵ַ㣬ٸһᣬֻҪҵұֵƽȥҵ޵ģѾĻˡ
ʮΣȻһģһĴ𰸣ǾַɷǣҲҿԱ壬ȴܽԼɥʬ
ַ㣬㲻ѵΪԼֵǿһֻҪòֵܱԻȥλ֪ССͣѵĿǰ𣿡
ĶһԴеϴǣԼͻΧɣ֪ġ
֣ʤЩĿЩ˵ַ㣬֣ʤ֮׷㣬ϣһ죬ܹһɱȫʱɥʬޣɥʬЭɥʬĻұ㲻졣
ַ˵ͷĶҲã֣ʤҲã˵ĻַοĺܣȻ֣ʤղŵĻ˵ĲַӾƷ
һ˵֣ʤĶַͬʬĴУַԼҲܡ
һУɥʬצ£ʹĻ䡣
ˮŮҰɱ¾УǸŮԼᣬһδλַǿľģҲɥʬС
ַɥʬ޵ĳޣѾ裬ɥʬ߱κεЭԼΪһͷѪɥʬ

ΧƣѪݺݵǵɥʬɥʬޣַϵɱŨأͻȻ
ɱʹÿַϽЩɥʬɥʬ޲ĺ˺üûһĵͼɥʬҲеΣյıƽ
ַϵٴαǣʮ㣬ʮ㣬һֱ˶ʮ㣬Ѿ޽ӽַ㵱ڳǵɽУɱͷ𣬽ʮˡ
á
ȸеΣյıƽŴݵı鲻ˣĴ󺰵һϣȫɱǡ
ַϵͻȻǿ˽һڷȰַĴ㣬ӽʮǿߣܹԦ˵ġ
ͬʱҲַľģǾַκʽϵ̸С
ﰵԼ޴ԼҪշַ㣬ֱǳ룬ԼղŲַնɱ̸УǺͿ͸
ֲ
ַһֻ֮ܿϵ۽ղŻɱڴϵŮսʱѾһϵ۽
ȻһΣֻ˺ٵһʱҲϾѾһϵ۽ˡ
Ѿַһ֮ڣܿĵڶϵ۽ˣַԸκ£ᱣһŵƣڣȴƵ˾ֻпһϵ۽
ַ㲻ϵ۽ʱ֮ڣҲ֮Σսȥ򽫻ϺܴΣգĶ֣ʤ˵ɥʬ֮С
Щ˸ַôãַѾǿеһ֣ȻܿԼǰ
ڿϵ۽ܱ֮ߵĹ޻ûüǰַѾΪһ磬ɥʬ֮С


ͷɥʬ޵Դֱַӹȥִӹͷ­һ߹߳ͷӴһͷأܱһƬɥʬࡣ
˿̵ַ㣬·һŸٷеӵͣײɥʬ޵Դؿڣһʱ䣬Ҳʮͷɥʬ䡣
ʮĿɿڴһɵӰվԭأĶ֣ʤû뵽ַȫԸ£˵Ŀֲ
ͷɥʬʮ㣬ʮ㣬Ƕʮ㣬ַеıһ룬һ
ʮɥʬޣַһ֮УҪ˵ֻһ㵽ͨɥʬˡ
һ֮ڣͷɥʬȫЩ;޴޵ˤ֮ҳɥʬ࣬ʹﵽ߰ǧˣַֽɥʬʿǴﵽһˡ
ⲻһ֮ڷ飬ղŰСʱļսɥʬˣַڿ˶ϵ۽֮󣬽һӣɱеɥʬޣɥʬ޵ģַ߱ոɥʬǴﵽ˽֮ࡣ
Ƭ֮䣬ɥʬȫɱԭȵɥʬ࣬ʣ˲ˣˣղſһ㱻ؿڻԴͬǣһĿɿڴҲǰ벽
մѪͬħһַ㣬ǿ߼ʯ
˿ǵУһȥֱӵȥһҲǵݣֻ˵Ǵ˿̵ŵ̫ˡ
Ķ֣ʤҲվԶȫʧȥǰæȤҲ֪ǰæЧҲܴ󣬼Ȼַôһоͽ򷢰ɡ
ַķɱ¾£ˣǱַٶȸסˣַﵽ˽ʮ֮ٶȳ˷Ѿһ㡣
ҲֻԺĿһѪɫӰӡ
иȷԼʮ߰˿̵ַԵеĻԻɱ
Ķ֣ʤǵĿⶼ޷ַľλãַĸֶԵеĻǶôз
ʮ࣬ܿģڣƬƬɱɥʬɥʬ໺صʬ塣
Щ˴˿̣Ļ˵ˡ
Ϊ벻ԣַ˿̷ɱֶΡ
յңҿԼڿУҪȻֻһ棬ͷȺᱻַɱɾ
еȺȻаңַȴûǣַ㽫йɱɾ֮еı⣬ǧ
⼸ǧУڲʮʱһԾٶȻԶԶַղɢС
һըͷֱڿУֱӱķиƬѪ꽵Ǻÿ
Ͽֵʮ࣬ǵŴˣ˵һ֮У͵һŵô󣬶ԺǵֻͣҲﲻĵزˡ
˵ղſһĻһѼ
ղżǧһʹЩ۾вǿҵĴǷ·𿴵ǧżһ䡣
ղǧнն飬ǿҵֻǧżһ֮£Ż˹
ѵַеıŵģһһ˲ǧٵĳŻһѽôƣ
ͷ͵ڵλñȽϸߣʹûбķгƬ⵱ȻΪղųַһ󣬽Լ˼ǧףûܵ꼰
ղŵһУͷͷɵˣĳɿٳ׹ȥ
ղҲסˣϾþս󣬺ܿѹʱԼѸٵĳײȥ
һͷԴϺݺ̤һš
һ̤ͷԴ͵һʹѹԼ׹ʱɿٴڿն
ȶ֮͵۳ȥʱȻַĿϲϴƺֵλá
һĻ֮£ٴʯһͷȥ


240  Ԫ
ͷ񣬲ĻϽɡ
ڻĴ֮£ͷͷǿٴշ
ֱַӴ
ͷҲַĻϧַ㲻ĸ壬ȻַĻ
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㲻ֻÿĻ뿪壡
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˾ַ㣬űЩ棬Ѿҷųȥˡ
ɷһεڵأӰеɷҵȻַ֪ǷųȥˣΪʲôǷųȥѵ㲻֪ҰڳţΪ˷˳ȥӪ̻𣿡
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иǳһͬʱҲǰ̾ɷǱȶƣҹúŪ
ϣ֮ȨȻǶƣҹĻԼⷬƭ
ҲΣַԵϰ
һʷǰ˵пصޣҹѧԺĲǿ߶һ˵ַҲһȥͷʱԼͿԸһ¥Ͼս˾ˡ


244  
˵ľӣҪȫϵߵĻҲҪһһҹܸ֮ϵ
ַļ٣ѾȲôʱˣԼȥһ˵̻ʱشΣա
˫·ַ㣬֣ʤĶһűŴں׷ϡ
ϾͨʿʣԶԶַˣټЯ˴ļڣٶȸǻࡣ
ַžһΪ˸ʱ䣬ַսǱ֮ȡոµĻףĶ֣ʤһһ̨
Щױǳ͸ϣ֮ǵģҹ䣬ԺַˣǵˣַûаЩ׽Ǿˡ
ַûףΪȴͨףַϳһַ̨Լ׽һ¡
ĩַĴߣҪȥʱ䲢
ԼַܣԵú˷ܣ˫Ӹԡ
ַ˻֮󣬻ûüӵһţʾַǷܻµ
ַСƵеСַ֮󣬸һϲãߴߴ˵ͣ
ַȻ̻İΣȴСĻֻһ΢ЦӦţСǼΪ飬óö̵ȵĲˡ
ַ㻹Ƿ֣ɩƺǺ飬ֻǱϵòһУַȻҲȴһӵʡ
ȻԼĸСĹ¶ԼĹϵȴͬ׽ãСԼδޣ˵ǵĸӦúܺòŶԡ
Ҳ˵СԺյ˵СϴҹĶʣ˵ķ濴СκеŮˡ
ԼһδޣԼˣַȴڼС֮󣬸ղϵ˷֮ɫʧ֮ǻеʽӦַ꣬Щͷԡ
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С֣µַ֪׼ǿϵͳһƣҪȻС˵ı鲻档
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ڻ׺еĩкڣʱ»׵Ĳϵͳпܱʱ̭ԽԽǿıɥʬ֮֡
ܶʦһϵͳķã㻨ȫۣȻ֮󣬻׵Դߣɱ޵ҲΪǿ
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ַʹļǿϵͳСȻôۣҲʹϵͳСԥһ¡
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ٶݺңСҲ㣬ϵͳСֻᴫ͸Լ׽ˣСֻ΢һԥĶ֣ʤһģһļǿϵͳ
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˵ԼϵͳַһģһĶһһֺõ˵СлɩˣôãԺԽСɩңҲее㡣
ȻĶô˵һ򲻹ЦСǳƺΪĶֵܣ۽ȴһ˿Ц⡣
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ַڲ׵ʱķ׻׾ȻԶϵͳ
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ĩԼȻĺúõģȴûйĹ磬һԸΪֻҪȱԣȱԼ;ˡ
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ԼȷӾ϶ĵ̫ˣܶʱԼɹȥΧԼתСӡ
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ַ˵øһҲʱøĬˣַ㲻֪Ϊʲô⻰ȴе뷨ȫ˵
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Լȥ̻һɷķУ˵лйߣַŰߡ
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ǣҪ˵ǣȫģҲûһ˼㣬ڶκ˾ۡ
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ԼӵĻ˵ԼϲڣַȴԼ֮ĸ顣
ַ̾һ˵ŮˣҪ˵ģ㲻һǴڸ߰ɣʶܶſǸ涼ҪҸ£ʱǽ£
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漴ˮ䣬Ϊߵ˵ˣԭң޲һӰҼ޳ȥʡ쿴ķŻ˵ͣ£ҪȥԺҲڲ߷ˡ
˵⻰СһӰ˻׵ˮֿϡ


245  Сõ
ſťҪ֣
ַһ֣ץסСִ֣ϸ޹ǡ
ȻһԼӣ׽֧ۻС֣Ҳӿĸо
ĳˣҲԼӡǸֻΧԼתĻëѾͷˣΪʲôôַ㵽Ȼǰ˼⡣
Լѣͬˣôѵ뵥һӣ
㲻ȥǲǣ
ǣ
ҲȥԣԺҽѣҼˣҪȻҸطһӣҲˡ
ַʮǿˣ˵ôСһ㣬ַ˿˵ɱħɱħĩ¹˭ȴԼӺް취
ַҲԼһɰӼˣԼƯԼ߻ȥǲǣ
ڸԼӴˣҲҸˣ˵ӲҲ
벻Լһ˵ôķӦ
ãԺҲˣߴһӣҶߣ㿴˰ɡ
¶һ˿ʣϸһ޵ģһ㽵˵ţ⻹࣬ҾҪߴһӣɲҪҷѽ
˵⻰ʱŮеɬַ̬ҲĳˣĻҲģģһ㣬ȴûнӿڡ
ԼԼȷչһӣԼѽ
ַҡҡͷ֮䲢ûѪԵϵһ𳤴Լ󹬵Ļ˼ҲܲˣԼĸȪ֪ԼŹأ
ڻСĻԺ˵ɣ
ڵʾͻȻ˵Ŵ۾Ĵ۾ʱŷַ㻹׽ԼС֡
Ȼַĸ磬˫Ѿˣ˿һĶҲԵ̫ǡ
ֳ˻ȥûַ̫ιϵŴ۾˵
ָ磬ǰ˴Ĺޣɱȥ𣿡
ԲףĻƶٶҪַ㣬Ķ˶ҪһЩ˲ŵһǰдĹ޵ǰ档
ֱַսʱˣ˫ַڻײٿϣתֶ״̬
һ̧ͷǰָĴ͹Ѿڲϵ
Щ޲ޣ½ϵĸޣʨ֣컢֣챪ǹӦоС
ڱ޵й޶˭ǿ˭գЩǣŷ׷׾һ𣬳Ϊͷ˫ͷСආ
ǰ漸ʮ׵ײȵĸޣַȵȥ̻һǵĴ󷽣סҪǲҪģҪͻΧӪ̻
ţ㣬һҪסˣ
Ļ׻ΪһӰһȺС
֮Уû˱̻İΣˣ̻ΨһˣһҪԼı㡣


ͷʮ׵ıǹ֣֪ôһ£㱻Ļ״ԴĹޣ򷢳һŭ
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Լ߶ͷޣһ̨һĻ˳ִԴһͷ߰׵ı컢ŭ
ʱͻȻӡһ̨ģ״̨׵һֻ첲ϣıƶٶȼ졣
޻ûü˹ȥ㱻еıһ˶Դ컢־޴ͷ­ڵϹŵܱ߼ֻ׸ߵıִ
漴̨ҲʧڹȺС
һͷ챪анң˺üͬ飬ȴ˵һߣһ١
֮ʱͻȻǰӰһһ̨׵Ĵ£ֱ̤˱챪ֵࡣ
챪ǰһı飬ôһôĺϽޣԼԭǶ˳һ㲻ʮ壬ˡ

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һӪŮнһͷ˵֮أһͷ޵ľ޴צѹһ࣬ղŻһǧ۵СƬ֮䣬㻯ΪһƬѪˮ
һѪ̻޵Ŀ⣬һǰ˸ϵӪҹϵһʱ򣬲֪ҹµһѾȫû
һĻѧԺǿߣھҹƷ̹Ŵ½ǿͻΧȴҹߣƬϡ
ʮǰҹ֪һһʸżӵ㿪ʼɶ˵ʸżǸ볤ǻżĿƼż
ϣ֮ǵõʸżĻ̻еżʱϣ֮ǽͬʱӵйżƼżʵĻĵһϣ֮ǡ
ʱϣ֮ǱԴƳǶԻֿƼߵ¢Ͼˣżϣ֮ǵʵ
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ȴû뵽һͷ߹˺ߵĴСޣ׷׾ͷ˫ͷ£һϮҹһˡ
տʼʱҹûаЩ޷ЩչһѪսһһҹ֮ҹʧǧˣȻҲɱ˲٣Թ޴˵ȴ㲻ʲô֪ǰ
һͷ˫ͷͻȻҹоʣڻɱʮ̹Ŵ½ǿ֮һ̵ҹ
ʣµǧʿڵڶļսУȫΧı޻ɱԵ
̻µ򾫱ϵʱʵҹѾˣֻ̻ûǰõϢѡ
ҪȻҲϴĸͻȺġ
̻޴Χסܱ֮ߵı޸ַ̻ĲӷҹϢΧһ֮ڣ̻Ҳʧ룬һˡ
ڸղţһĩڱ̻нʦһֻһצĳ࣬Ѫˮ˳Ź޵צ̻Ŀ
Ůнֻ̻һӳʱ͸Ƕ̻ħɽһսдŹʣ̻ƸΡ
벻죬ΪŮнȴ˴󺣱Ե
̻еָսָԶͷ˵׼еļڣҺͷ
һŮн¶Ϊ֮ɫȻֵżеļڣԴ漫Ĺһܵĺ֮£ĵҩѾʹõĲˡ
˵ĹʡŵãֻڵΣʱ̲ҹѪսǿһĹƵıޡ
֧Ѿ˵ĵزԮȴٳٿټЩĻӭǵıȻ·һ
ŮнȴҲ֪֧̻ĲӣղȥģҲǹͬĽã̻ҪЩǣüںɱͷ֣Ҳհ졣
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һܵѪս̻ʧһˣٳһܣʣµһˣ׼һҲˡ
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ϴŵѪ̻̾һ˵̻㣬Ҳ鿴һ£ΧûԮԮļѵǾ˳𣿡
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Ѫսһܣȴʼûͷкҹ˾˫ͷͷԸǵĻȫûˣѾˣǱͷ˫ͷնǲǣͨǣѾľԴԴϵ𡭡˾ǿһ㣬ûǰɣ
̻һ˵˲ǰļλ̹Ŵ½ǿߣ̹Ŵ½ǿ߽ʮͷ˫ͷɱ
ͷ˫ͷ˵ĻֻЩڶ˺ʱֻ¶Ҫͷ޸ɱ
ȻȻĹĵ˵̻Ų֪ںܶöҥ˵ҹ˾ִԶڳǣǱɷѾߣ˵Ѿϣ֮˾ˡ̻ž߹ټִĹϵֻҪ˱ǣȻɷ˾֮λˣǲ˵ɷɱǵġ
Ϲ˵˾ˡ
Ȼ̻˵Ҳû̫ĵԴҹϾ˾֮ɷǵĹϵԽԽ䵭
ɷ첻ԼǲĴҪЩ޵Լأ
ͻȻַ˫ʹ˸е̤ʵĿ⣬ִ֪̾֪ǱĻһǵġ
ַԸõϢһҹ̵ĴӳǸϹǵģʱڱʱ͸ţĿǰĴȴԸҪȻҲΪͷϧеϵͳڼǰΧĹ޸ȫƻˣ޷ַֹ
ҡҡͷ˵̻㣬Ͳִˣִ壬һж֪Ѿ˹޵նǸǾһȻԥǵģΪһˡ


246  Ǹ
ϴЩֵܸϰߺ󣬾ûа̫ˬˡ
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ַʣסְ֮ҲѪ
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ڣַȴ˴󶫷ıһϣ֮ǡ
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Убǵʹ人ϣ֮ڵʮϣ֮ǵʹ˷˳ǣЩˣԲַ̻ãЩ˲ڷ˳ǽãڵһʱڸϹַ̻ˡ
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ȴһܵʱ䣬ȥʿˣĻԱ֮УȻǱУ˱⣬ôǳԺĻǴ⣬˳Ǿ

شһ㾪°ѾʣͶַ㣬ŻԷ
ɷ֮Բѷ˳ǷҪһԭΪ˳ʿǶڱϣ֮ڡ
һ˫ַˣֻҪɷʿץвǣʱ˳ڲƱػ£Щʿǣ˵ɷеһơ
벻ֶΣȻЩʿļȫ˱ǣԺ˳뱱ǽֵʱûκεĹ˼ɡ
Ҫܷ˳ǣʮˡ
ַ㰵ͷ˵ԼһæˣֻҪЩʿ˻ص˷˳ǣ˳ԺͿһˡ
ַһѱס˫˵֣һҵĴæҲæ˷˳һæǷ˳ˣΪ˳һС
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عͷĳ˵ղ˳ǣԺԸ˳빲ô˵
ҲԸ׷᳤˾Լսˣڡ
ش̾һһϣȻ뿪ʱһŮǰ̻߶˼䡣
̻һ˿ɫ̧ͷַ˵в챱ǵһԱԼеļҾ˷˳£ǵҪ㣡
รǾͽǰɡ
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ʱַֻһֳۣ֪Ůˣ䵽ֹУҲΪ棬鼫õַݺҡ
һεˣҲ׸ıˣƾԼҽѧ츳һΪ˱вĲ
ַܼʱ֮ʱҲƳܽʹַ˳ӵ˿ϵ۽
ΣȻֻһͨϽϣ֮ҪĿвʹӰ˿ڼս˾Ա
һӰѱÿԱ˹˵ҲͶԼˡ
û˿вıϣ֮ǣ˶˼ǵɥ֮ȮҲû˹ȥʵǱ
ϣ֮еҽĿҩʹÿвΪ˱Ҫһš
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˵뿪ǣԱϣ֮ǵĴ̶ȣԶԶӡ
뿪˵ն˱ǵһֻ첲
뿪ڴ˱ϣ֮ǵļǣɷ֪Ⱥ뿪ǵĻʱ裬Ҳᱻ衣
Ҳַȥϵ̻Ҳ֪֮ϵַ̻ڱһϣ֮ǵʱĵλҲûܵ
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ַ̻Ҳһɻ󣬵ȴǻϾֻһȺԱҽҽЩֻĻ󷢻á
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һץסַʲôѱŸ˳Ǽַġ
شȻǰʵϽַ㣬ǲ˾ĪҪԷ˳ǵ¶ѳȫĻΪǱϣ֮˴ˣ˾Ҳصġ
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شͻȻ棬һ֮Уڶ˶˵仰ˣֲҶԶԷҪȻַ;Ĳ
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л̻㣬ҵȻִˣĩ֮Ҿʶִˣʱִİûڣִ̻㽨Լϣ֮ǣȻҪһ֮ˡ
Լڻֹһַ̣㵱ʱԮ֣ʹһȫµ
ЩΪ̻ףԼȴ֪Լ˵Щﻰ
ɢ˵İʣ۾ʱɵñƽʱ˼ַ֣Ŀ֮УǴһ˿⣬ԭַŮʶԼֶһˡ
ŵһתŴ˵ԼԺ󣬱в볹ײ˳ǣԺǷ˳ǿвˡ
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һ֮²֪ŮҪǿһأָͮԼղԼǿʱͮϻһ㽡
Ķʱеܳڲ֪ԼղŵĻǺܴԼ
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شķ֮ʣһнϲ˵Ͻ㿴Щʿ϶űϣ֮ʿϲеľװǵˣЩһ˾Ԯˣ


257  
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Ȼ֧ԮԼˣشһϲȻǵĲܲűҲǱøʢս
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뽫׽֧Ԯ̫ˣǵ֧ԮҪƷ˳ǣַ̻Ͳˡ
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ԱĻ̵̻ľƣɷȴް취⣬ֻдַ̻йеŭ𣬲һҪַ̻ķ˳Ǿһս
Щܵʿ٣ɷǴЩǰǣû˵Ĺǰǰˡ
ͬʱɳżӾӪеʿһһУߣץס֮͵ش
ɷֻ˽ͷö֪ǣڱҳһŵʱԶڷ簵֮Ϊ׵ɥʬȴڽܹĵĶԱͼһٽǻǿıΪƽء
ܻɷȣ̻Ҳܷķȴɷ첻ͬٵǳɳķա
˳ÿ춼дʿսʿǰͶо󲿷Աϣ֮ǣһȥܱһЩСϣ֮ǡ
˶ĶһЩСϣ֮ľʿǣ˳ڻĴϷǸȲѡ
һЩ˸֪ԽĳвԽлᡣ
ɱӣ˳ڼÿ춼в齨κһӽ֮󣬶Ҫǿľ쵼֧ӡ
ȫĵð߷׷Ͷ˳ǣϣڷ˳ڴչͼʹǰķ˳ǣڶ̶һܵʱﵽʮ
Ȼıϣ֮ȣ˳ǵٵĿ˳ǴӽڣһŰµʱ䣬ܹڰµʱڣһԷϽһģʮ˵ϣ֮ǣҲһС漣ˡ
ļҲ̻Ϊʳﷸ
Դַɱ˫ͷ֮½ϵĹܹˣеı캣ָŵòϰʹ÷˳ʿ޹޿ɱиʳ﹩⡣
̻źÿüһиַʱַֻһЦ֮ѽʳΣһһ˹ȥ
磬ڳеĹ㳡ϣַսǱȡ˽ǧֵĹʬ壬ôĹʬ壬˳ڶʱ֮ڣҲõʳΣˡ
ϲȫǾַҲǰ΢Ц
һֱÿλɱޣѹ޵ʬŽսǱ֮УսǱҲһޱ޼ʵľͲֿ⣬ֻҪʱַȫ԰ȫĵĹʬ嶼װȥ
սǱͲֿУ澿˶ٹʬ壬ַҲ˵֮ĩʱڣɱĹޣŽսǱ֮С
Щ޵ʬ壬ַߵˣһҲԲ꣬ʵȫûбҪôʳ
һַֻײĴڣһ֪ٴαһϢ
µǣһĩڣ½СĹޱȫɱĲˣƾһ˵ɱģ˲ĩγʳΣ
һַ㣬Ѿ˻ǿĴˣȻõʳﰲȫȴһϧʳëһ
ֱ죬˳ʳΣˣַŴսǱ֮ȡһʳ̻ȹǰΣѡ
Ͼ̻ϣַ֮Լϣ֮Ҳû̫𣬶ȫĵˣҲַ㿴Ƿ˳Ļϰ塣
ַϸһ£ڷ簵֮ǽǵʱֻʣ²ʮˣɷխˣַȻȥ
ַȴİ֮ǵɥʬǣڹƱ֮в˳ǵİȫȻһıǲûбƣһܲסͺ˵ˡ
һ̻ķ˳ǣڽʱڣ˿Ҳûгʮ򣬸ںֵв·Ʈҡ
һҹˣ˳Ǹڼ֮ڷ
ڵɷ죬Ȩ֮ǵʩʹñսļ׷Ͷ˳ǣ˱ǵķʹñǸѵֵס֮ɥʬĽ
ɷխֻų켺˵Ŀ£һʮϣ֮֮һıǣһпǰ䡣
ַҲò׼±Ǳɥʬ״ݻˣҲ취ס˳ǡ
ַǵõɿϢѧԺɷַˣѧԺǿǣҲ׷뿪˱ǣһ󲿷ַ̹Ŵ½Щǿ䵽ϣ֮ǣѰл۸˽ǵࡣ
ڶһ磬̻Űݷãַдҡ
ǼǸգһ磬˳ŮȻһԼԼʲôʱôˣ
ַ㲻ɵϸ̻һľװȣһϮȹȥĵӾʱڵŮǴĹ屡ɴ࣬ȴȵеЩŮԱǻҪƯҲǸʡ
Ư·һʸżˣ·ӦòƯڷҲһг֮
Դӵõʸż֮˵ľʸ˺ܴı任
һһ͸ƿһеŮʣΨһ͵ַȻǰࡣ


259  һү
̻һĺ֮ɫȻʱȻۣȴʮֳʵ
ַ̲סȤ̻˾ĸоܲɣ
ʲôܲڳĴС¶Ҫȥÿ춼ˣһصҵĵһʱǵͷ˯˳ǿ˵ģȴ˦ƹֺУȴֻȡЦҡ
ȡЦǵ̻˾ѽҲ֪һϰ߹ЩëƤС£ߣڹҲ㣬Щ£ȻҪٲҪˡ
ҲһЦȻ̻˾æҪȴ̤ʵһ뵽Լϣ֮ǣÿ˱Ǹɾ
ַͷ̻磬ĶˣǶѷ˳ǿԼļңǰܵǿҹĻؾأؾߡ
˳ܵĻŷ˳ƴҪҲᱣոսĳеġ
һϣļ԰
漴ַ̻ʸżһʵսϵͳֻҪͷ˱ܽϷ֮Уĥս
һЩʦڿ׸߷ϵͳѧϰʵսԺ˳ǵˣ㲻ðΣգڹȺĥԼսˡ
̻̾벻ʸżоȻпƼ˸ߵ豸ΣȻֻһϷȴĲɱûκϵͳѾˣֻܱͨϵͳɣ
ַȻʾͬһĩڣȫĵǿʦǼ̨ͨĥսԴ̻ϵͳ֮ɥʬ޵ĲɱУռһơ
񻹲ĩ̻꣬ȻͿʼ̨ͨˣ
ַ֧£̻ʱϲɫַսѾﵽһ޷󼰵ĵزǰΪַ㲻ͬϵͳ
ϾҪάϵͳתҪԱһ˳ǸոսҪֵĵط̫ˡ
ַԼֲҪϵͳԼ̻˵ʱһɫϾ˳ǵĽַҲķȨ
ַȴҲû룬ͬ¡
һˣ̻յ˵ս̨ʲôأ˺þãţս̨һֶ˺ܾܶ࣬òƣִϵͳȡְɣ
ȡʲô֣ͽ̨ͨɣ
ԳڣַЩףΪһսַ̨̨ͨҲû룬̨ͨ˳
֮󣬲һս̨֡
˵Լ֣̻Ҳȡ֣Լȴ˵˳й¶˱˵İȨ
ĩû֪ս̨Ժ֣û˳ָԼȨɣ
̻˾ǰһȻǶָˡ
̻Ŀ˵̨֣ͨԺ󲻵Ƿ˳ǵҪ̨ս̨дսϣ֮ǵҲͨս̨սϣȫҪһ֡
˰죬Ҳû뵽ʵ֣ڵ֣ȴҪ˰ֻеĶ࡭
Ҳֻ̨̨ͬͨͨҪս̨ͬͨĵ·ţִʵ̫ˡ
ַһĮĵģȴкա
ֱ̻һģȴԼ棬ԼˣҪԭߵݣ̻ĳޣַʱе֮
̨֪ͨʲôʱã
̨ͨʩֳɵģֻҪ˲ˣҿѱвȫˣʹǲȱרҵ˲ţ־߱ǰ£ӦþͿԿ̨ͨˡ
ַͻȻһΪؼ⡣
һУĩ̻꣬ſʼս̨֮ǰ׿Ӱȫս̨ȴĴʸżзʱ䡣
⵱Ȼһ̻жô˽Ȼȫģȫģս̨ȴȱӦļԱս̨
һıϣ֮ǣڶƼ̻ŻǶ̻չ˸ķ
һУڵĿ˲Ÿܽ˳ǡ
̻Ѿ붫ƷĿȻ붫ƺ̨ͨ˵ʱոսķ˳ǣΪӦʳΣ˾ƣڱĴɱޣ㵼ս̨żּįĴʱ䡣
ʱУٶȸԶԶɥʬȸ˺档
һοɵļ룬ʹ÷˳ڼʱڣΪ˻ϣֻ֮Ǳ㣬бǶСӡ
ǰѱڵпҽԱһʣĴ˷˳ǣΪ̻ڵһʱս̨춨˼ʵĻ
ĸƼӢЭ£һ磬̨ͨ㱻
ַһ̨ͨĳͣż̨ͨһ֣̻ȴȲ̨ͨ
˴һͷ֮һõС
ϵͳʾ˵аѡԱòһĳԲ
̻ĩ֮ǰҲϷѣһȻᳵ·ȥβͬһ̨ͨһ侳ĸо
̻ս̨ĵһͻǽ̨ͨټĳֻй䣬һյأд
֮ǰ̻Ҫһأʸżƿߣ˸ʸżеõ˾޴ʹ̻ࡣ
죬Ϊ̻ͻȻһأƽ
̨ϣһ㣬Ǽʮ㣬ûκεĲͬ
̨ͨϣ˵һǾǴϲ£˫ҪֳʤΨսһϸ¡
ܵ߶ȷ̨̻ͨȭĴ˼ʮغϡ
̨ͨϣûе̨½κεĲͬһȭ֮ҲееĵʹϮ
̨֮ͨԱܣҲѽϷˣⲻһϷһдߵĵطʹ˲ҪС
һ̨ͨϾܵĻڰʱϱʵһʹУǰ˴˾ͻܷͼǿϵԼս
ڶһ磬̨ͨӪ࿪ʼ۵һǧ˺ţͨ˺ţڴ䷢ͷͿڵһʱ̨ͨ
˺ŵļ۸ҲǼΪƣһ˺žҪʮݺңϷУһСʱҪһݺң˵ʵǮϷ
һʿ˺ţݺҹһ˺ţһСʱһݺҵˮƽҲһʿѵġ
ĸ֣߾ĽǲȥϷ
ȻˣԸĻһ˳ǣ̹Ŵ½ǿǣÿ˾ʵϷ
ÿλ̹Ŵ½ǿϣмʮʮǿսȻҪ̨ͨȥд衣
磬ַԼУͷ̨ͨ
ʱ̨ͨѾǧڳй䣬ѰĿ꣬Էдս
ǵʱ򣬳ĺܶսʿڳԹԣ˵˿ϵͳǮһŽ뿨ʮݺңһСʱһݺңⲻǱǮ
ַ̻̫ߣЩսʿҲ輰˵ҪȻ⻰ˣʿͨգЩַ̻˻
ڵһ˽뿨ǿ߽֮󣬶̶̼Сʱ˱㷢Լս˺ܴߣٳԵĻȥϣǿ
˱棬û㣬ǧ̨ͨ뿨ȫꡣ
򲻵õսʿǶ㴷أԼôô˱˵ҥԣ˹̨ͨ뿨Ļᡣ
ǣϵÿ̨ͨ뿨ǳһݺҡ
Ȼ޼ۣһݺȻջܹõĻȥݺʲôԼڱǰ棬Լս
ϣĶҧгݵַסһʹµϴҪұѽ̨ͨϣһȺӸ۸ˣ
ַ㲻ʵô۸ˣ
һ̨ͨмʮΧңϴҲ֪ʵмҶ£̨ͨϣҶһʣôܵסǵȺŹѽڿ˵һ̨ͨһȺ˶ңֱһưոݡ
ϴ㲻֪һʹľг𲻱Ǿӣƾҵȴ˳ֻϴˡ
ַȻ̨֪ͨϣʹʵʵڵģ̨ͨǷ˳ǵˣǲǳ˵Ľǿսʿ
ȻҶǷ˳ˣûɶĶºֵġ
̨ͨϣ˭ʶ˭һĶ鷳˵ĹȥһȺ۸һ˾˵ȥˡ
ѵǱǰǱڷ˳ǣ̨ͨĶ˺ţĶһ¶ͷűЩ˾͵ػɱ
Ķǲˣ̨ͨϣû֪ҵֵܣ
ϴѽһȥû˵һȺ˹ң۸ңǹǣҿԶ̨ͨġ
ַһ˿ŭɫ˼Ķ˵ǰʹȷЩ̫۸ˣ̨ͨȻһϵͳҲһС硣
һУ̨ͨϸǵ˴ս֣ЩսʵĬĬţȴ̨ͨϺ绽꣬һ
벻̨ͨſһ죬ƻ򣬿ԼбҪȥѵѵǸ޷ļһˡ
ַ̨ͨһɨĶϵϢЦˡ
ͬʱΪʲôôĶȥˡ
Ķʾǣһүǡ
˳еŮȫκһϣ֮еŮҪö࣬лвٽڡ
̨ͨϣĶʱһȻը˷ΣǲһӵϣĶһ٣ǲǹأ


260  ̫Ұ
һ߾ͱɱǸߵļһˣ
һ֮ڣɱʮΣеҿǱŰɱˡ
ȻǾŰɱһΣֱҲ̨ͨ
ף㿴Ǹߵļһﻹһͬ飬ֲԭ֣šǸͬĳҪǸߵļһ˳۶ˣҲţǿԿǲǸ̫ңǸүǵļһȴ
ʮˣŮеŹ֣еĳˡ
ȻˣЩ˵ŮʵȴҲ˵ǸļƷҲ˵
̨ͨϣκ˶Լơ
ĩǰλ˵㲻֪Եĺһˣһʱ
ڣ¼˶ԷòҲ֪ԷʵǸ˧绹Ů
һԿ϶ǵԱģ̨ͨڵϵͳϽαװԱԳòƯԳò˧ȴ޷̨ͨаŮŮС
˵Ķ˵ģֻͨˣ㲻˧磬Լ̨ͨƵȴǶľαһŴ۾ĵˡ
ƾԼƵ⸱ǻݣټͷ϶һүţڴ֮ͥ£Žأ
෴ַԼƵΪͨһݣһߣֻ˫۾⣬˲ұӡ
ַʵ̫â¶̫ҫˣ̨ͨϣ͵һЩ
һ׳òҲΪͨĴַĶǰ
ȻüֶԼϢַȴͨ;˽⵽ϵϢ
ַбΪϵͳţҲַֻһ̨ͨϵſ
Ǹ˽𣬲֪Ҫʲôַֻǰ˵磡
漴عͷĶ˵Сˣ
ĶһһͷԵеĴһ˵Сôϵóϴ˵Լ𣿡
ҸղŲûϳ磬ϳ㣬Ȼϳ㣬ǴԵʲôˣ˵𣿡
֣ûд֣ôϵó
磬żȻһүǵļһ̲סһ٣Ͼʵ̫޳ˣϧȴ־ͬϣ֮ǰˡ
ɱҵˣǲҲڣ
һǷ֣˭ס㲻һ٣Ҵҽϳ㣬ûЩһ֡
Ķʵܣϳģ
ʲôܵģֵķʵһҽеģҲ࣬Ҳſϳ
ַЦЦȻ̨ͨϣõĶ֣ܶоֹȴʵûʲôڶʹʽʵùʽ
֣ʤϸģȻͨ˿ƶϳĶ
ĶһҡͷⶼǴĲ²⣬Բµҵݣôܲµϴأ
͸ˣһ̨ͨϱɱһȥսñһ֮𣬵˱ɱʮΣȴ޳߷һˣ֮󣬸һǰߣһ֣ٻģ˵Ҳ֪ǿĺ̨
˳ڣսǿȻƴ磬̻㣬˶Ů˵һǷֵĻɱͲˣô㡭̻Ƿ˳ǵ˾ôæȻһ֣ߵǸ˭Ѳ𣿡
Ķ̾С벻ﻹеţЩ˶Ҳģܲܿұڻɱɣûбɱǰζġ
ַаЦ̨ͨûһ趨֮޷ٴθģٻһ̨ͨ뿨ֽ뿨ĶĻӽҲѲ᲻ٻһš
Ķɱʱʹַ࣬һУȴйαɱᣬһУַ̨ͨϿһŰɱŮһ˵˼䡣
ȴѣÿַֻҪһߣκεص㣬κʱ䣬Ǹ󺺶ӰһӰ棬ַɱ
ַһԷֲ֪ԼԵˣ̨ͨϣսǰһĸ֡
ʱ̨ͨϣȫĶٶϣ֮ǵĸ֣ĥս
̨ܹͨϽǰһģһĴڡ
һ˼ǿߣֻԶԶ㿪ַԹֱսѹˣ̲ס˵˼䡣
ҲȷŮ
ȴϷŹַ㣬ֻҪַһߣɱַ㵱ʱս̨ͨǰһǧˣȻ޷ս̨ͨһǿ档
ÿһΣַ㶼ĺܲңһδƷű˴Ϲͷľʹ
̶̰ڣַ㱻˻ɱ˽ٴΡ
һַǶһˣĶһǿĲ˼ϴԼַһֻԼһδαɱַ֮սһǧĿš
˵ַһĥսǱ󺺸Ƴģֱַŵһλ󺺣ַ֮鷳Ĵ
ֹ˰ַ꣬սӷٵߣʱַѾɵɱˡ
Ȼַս󺺱ƳģԼڰУ֪ٴα󺺴ַоͺ޺޲ѡ
ֻҪһߣۺʱεأַͻϹȥɱٺ󺺼ԼַսԽԽ󣬱ҵ̨ͨǰһٵսǿߵмˣͼַ㻯ζԹ
˵˵飬ַһڻؾ
۸ˣԼԷûʲôԷ˲ԼֱԼսԶԶԷŷģַ㵱ȻӦˡ
Ϊˣַ㻹̨ͨϺܶսְѹϵֽˣȻأֻҪ̨ͨһ󺺾ͻɱ˶Է
⻷۸˵ˣʵҲԲʲôˣַȻͬˡ
ֹ˼£Ǹ󺺱㳹ʧ̨ͨϡ
󺺵ʧпܣһֿܣҲĿܣʵУ˹޵צ¡
ڶֿܣ󺺷˺ţֿԲ̨ͨϴʱԽȨҲԽԽֵ࣬ԽԽḻӵ˵ĺô
һ˺ţǰ۵һиˣ˵󺺾ǰļٸߣһ߱㱻ɱ˺ҲһϺš
ǳ׵ʧ̨ͨϣҲû֪ˡ
ʮŮΧ˹һŮŭ˵үǣļһָߣѵ㻹ûбŰɱ𣿡
˿̵ĶһЦԼϴһʵУַԶԷɱԷ
˫ͬ£ַɱԷ
Ҫ˵ԷֻʮˣٶһĶҲ¡
ȻвµĵˣΪϴվأŮָĶŵƲƲ죬ֱˡ
һȽϳɵŮĶһţ˹ȥΧ֮󣬳üչĵǸģˡ
ѵǴ˵пֲս
ȻŮҲŶԷ˻һȺ˵Ķ֣ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬûбҪзҪָһ
˵ϳɵŮ˵˵λѣҲе̫Ů˵˼ǲΪУҲܹǼֱΧ㣬ֻҪϹ¾ˣԺҲ鷳ǿô
Ů˵⻰ʱ򣬲Ŀַ֣ʤһ
֣ʤѯʵ磬㿴ô죬СȷвԵĵط
֣ʤ˽ַ㣬ַǳǿ۸˵ˣ˵ĶԳԿͷҲãʡǡ
ַ³ֵЦ
ǣ̫ˣ
ŮеĻҲˣк˧ǸˣȻ̨ͨϽ֣Ҳ˻̲סѵԼԭĺĻζԹ벻ȴ⵽˶Էĳ
һͺ˵δսʿʩıδһЦҪ
ַͻȻһ֪ʲôʱѾƵ󣬶ץס˵ľϥ͵һ
ꡣ
󺺵Ȼַһϥײ˸Ѫ磬Ϊһⲻˡ
һбɱ
˺Ұһϣɱ
ʮһӵΧסַ㣬Ķ֣ʤȴûǰæ˽ַ֣սԸЩ˾⡣
һ𣬼ַÿγ֣Էһ˱ֱӻɱе˱˾ǣе˱ͳ࣬е˱Դ
ֻиղ±ȽϳɵŮַ㿴Ʒûлɱ
ҴŮԭֱʯҶһʣȴɱԷǶԷϵͳĺţԼ۾˻þ
߰ɣ
ַ˵ŮȴͻȻ˵еһǵĴϾҪˣһɱȺҰ˵ģǸҵһ𣿡
Ķͷ޳ܵĵЦԷ˵ɲС
Ϊʲô
ҪȥŮϴȥˣллҵİ
ʧıӰŮһǺ벻Ķ˾Ȼǰ˵޳ܵĻֲҽһүǣȷǶ
Ůҧгݵ˵Ҿ͵ȵ죬ǻߵĻǵĴǾŹǵġ


261  Ů
Ķϵģʵ̫ˣҲʶĻ˵Ҳһ٣
ַôһ˵Ķŵ˵ҳô˧ĪǼʲ˵İɣ
УҸղžͶĵĲһˣ磬ⲻΪʲôЩ˳ôݣ㲻ֻΪСĺְɣ
˿ֵѾ̨̨ͨͨϵһĻ
ַ̧ͷԶ˵һɱǣȻΪ۸ĶʵϣĶ̨ͨ˶ģ׷ɱЩûˣֻϣЩ˲Ҫһۡǿһǿ̫Ķֵʱ򣬲ŻܷͼǿսҪȻԶҲɳ
һУַս֮ԻѸߣǱŰɱĴ󺺸ƳģˣźԥĻɱˡ
Щ̨ͨʶԼ˵ľ޴࣬ɴ˶޴ѹܷͼǿϾûԸˡ
ַ֮ˣϣǾɳЩ˳ɳ֮ʱ˳ǲŻıĸǿ
ַԼۣĶͻȻ档
Լʵгͨѵ̨ͨ˧һͲˣԼԼƵ˧ҲΪԼǿĶѰɣ
ԼһүǣôŮ֮ˣԼְɣȴ벻ϴô͡
˵ŮеĴ㡣
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ʦؾַһ䣬ԳֻײֱַܼĻס
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δ䣬ַĻͻȻ٣һɫ˶Ļס


263  в
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춯صһȭ׵Ļ޷ӦҪҲ㲻Ҫȴ˶ԷΣֻɶԷԼĻױ
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ֱ׵ȭͷҪַڻŵʱַڵĻȻ޷ӦĻʦвһЦ
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˾ȻԼŮˣԼһ᲻Ļ״һѷ
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˸е˼ǣַһƣ˻׵ĸ첲ڲ࣬ҵײ֮£ַĻףײĹԣͷԷľһƻ˶׵ĺϽԴ
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ʦҲףԼʵ˵ĻԼҲֻǶԷһ֮Уôܹ˸ߵĻײԺη
һᣬԷĻ׻Ϊһ⳹ʧ̨ͨս֮ڣһױײٿ߾ͻ߳Ϸ֮⡣
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˼˵ҲѣȴҪ˵ϲһҪ׷֣Խ죬һҪ
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̲סһ䣬˵֮иǿĿǣôѾԵüΪͷ
˵һ仰еɫһλԲϲңȴûȨֹϲ㡭ȻˣоܾҵȨҲ׷Ȩ
ַҲкЦ˵Ҳ˵˵һ
ҿԼѣҪȻԼǰԼŮѣԼڶǰĻ״ٴα
ˣԼ绨ӱ׷ַҲԼĸоиǲԼϲһ䱦˵˵ĸо
졭ԼǸÿذɣ
ַ뵽һ£ԷȻԼѣôеԼ˵Ļأ
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ĩѾû˴ˣֻ˵״Ǻ߾Ӷ֪࣬˻ʲôƣŻ޿֣
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벻ԴҲˣַµô˵ҲԼϲԼ֮κˡ
ȻϲǸˣǾǸԼﰵˣֻҪͺá
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Ҳ˲ȡķʽ㲻ϲңҾͲ㣬ûѣҪֶεĵõ㡣
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ʦȻȡľ޳ֶܵΡ
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еͻȻЦµȷлɱҵлɱʮ̨׵𣿡
δ䣬ΧʮһǴʱ
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ַղĻвڷ⻰вַˡ
ַаޣҧ˵һȺ
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ַзŭ˼㣬̨ͨҲԼ̻ƶ£ŽģԼҲˡ
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Ҷһ豸ԼϸһһȺս֪мʤ㣬֣ʤͺˡ
ˣҲַ֪벻ֶˣЩʱʵӲַ㻻λá
ַϣ˫ֽ˻ײˣķŭˡ
һַֻ۸ˣȴ۸ͷˣܽܡ
죬ԼҪݺݽѵѵЩаԵļһǲС


264  ͨ춾

һǰеĺϽķ׼ַĻ׺ݺ¡
һˣַֻĻͻᱬŶĻźĵ̩ɽѹһᵽɤۡ
ַĻײȻ죬Էȴʮ̨ףʮ̨ʦиûһǲ񣬸սĻ׸֡
˵ĻеκһˣԼӦˡ
ַеһ̨ףܷԸһȺأ
ַĻ׼ʤùЩˣһпܱԷеĵ⿳С
Էʮѵ⽻У⣬ֻҪһ䵽ַĻϣԶĻ˺
ҲĵĶѣַĳٶ֮죬֮׼ȷѾԶԶϡ
ڵһ̨еĵ⽫Ҫ֮ʱַŻһֻϽ֣һס˶Էϡ
̨׵ַץסжʱһš
ȻӦ̨ʦԼĻףͼקǰѺϽ⡣
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ѵҪԼŰɱ
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ģǼΪҵˡ
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ַͿ˵⣬еĺϽһеĵһӷɵȥ
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ǡ
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īɫķͻȻ򿪣˴ӻ׵ؿ˳ƴĿ˼֮ǱĳԶȥ
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κֻҪ̨ͨϷͨ춾ģԱᱻ̨ͨڵԶϵͳ¼
죬ĵΥԼԣֻҪһ̨ͨµԣӦ鵽Լϡ
벻ַѲԼ˶ģԺĲȾָƯŮˣԥʱͻȻһֻһҽŵֺͷѾ׼ȷķ˳ȥ
ʹϮڼʹ֮£Լݶҧˣ˵Ĳ״һԵ巢䡣
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ãһ磬̨ͨϼϣеźãټ
ַ˵仰һһΣ˵ࡣ
󺺵漴¶˽ѵģΪһʧˡ


265  ʮӥ
Ϸһ̣󺺲ŷԼϵĺˮѾ͸ȫ·
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ǮûǰԷûһ֪ԼһӵϵĻǱ۸֮ˡ
ǮȵȥǸɱ˵
ڽǮУַһ˾һȺСǻһ˾ͿԴһȺˡ
Ҳǰ𣬵ַ㾼Ŀ⿴һۣвԾ챻Űɱ飬һȻǰ
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Сϣڹȥ͸Ǹ޳ܵļһＸ⡣
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ǮŭĻͷһλлֵܣѪڳء


266  Ҫ
ǡЩȻҴӣһҲ
ǼһĪİ⣬ƿڴ
벻ȻĿ֮£Ļ˺üͣʮӥҲ׷׵
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졭ѵ˵սǿɣĻһûˣ
ȰӰЩ̨ͨսаϴǣһֱðղĲǣǲû߳ŭ侲⡣
ֵĻԼһȺȺŹԷҲδֵ˺ȥ
Ҳ̫ܣսаϣҪҳСŮսҲܡ
һȺУҲСһЩֵһ᣿
ʮӥֻ¶һС룬ַսԶ֮ϣĶ֣ʤս΢һѣȴҪЩǿ̫ࡣ
ַ㣬˶̨ͨеĳȻȻмһսʿȥ̨ͨаϵʹǿߣ̨ͨϷĬĬš
Ѫһ߲ѪһߴԼСһɷ
˵̫֪ôˣˣ֪˼ԼԱƿڴѵΪԼٴγֽѵ
ͣŹĻڵأһмȷŭΪԼ֮Ա⣬Ҳ¡
иǲţͬǵȫ䱸֮£С򻹸ǰŹ
ѾͷҪ͵ϮԼԼߵͬҲԹۣŸе
һΣַ㻹ûзһâٴ

Ǯڷŭˣֵܵ棬ĻͷѪѾݺݵʮӥˡ
Ҫٴγ֣۸Ҳû۸˵ġ
۸ǵսаǰĴܵĻǮҲֻˡ
ֻǿרսаĵʮ֪Լսаǰȣ̫Զˡ
˫ȵʸ񶼲ûУϾսаǰĿֲڡ
ô˵ػ֮£ٴеĻʮˣһҸطһͷˡ
ǮһȭͻȻñǿһƮ漴ǸŮ㲻Ӱ
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ߵĻһͷԵڵأʹ˹ȥ
˴۾Ϊսаһĸ֣Ȼһû˵Ů˹ȥǲǺܿЦ
ʣµʮһˣÿ϶е΢΢䣬·ǵĶ棬һȺԵĶħղֵٶ̫ˣԻ֮ǿȻһ㻹ֵضûС
ûлֵأղŵĿǵĻһҲֻԼĺƤȥԿϸ۵С֡
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Ķ֣ʤҲʶˣΪԼսȶԷһأûսаսǸˡ
ȻҲǸ˵̨ͨϵһŶѡ
Ķ֣ʤҲԤƣ̨ͨϣַԳ֣пסǸˣ̻ҪǸҪѷɫһˡ
ַ˵µʱַҲΪλսаеһˣһ̹Ŵ½ǿߡ
ҪȻ˵ս̻ܳ
ڵ̻ˣȫһĴڣڻľڣܹʤǵ˿˵֮٣̹Ŵ½ˣһо˳ˡ
ַڣҲ˵ԼԼսе̹Ŵ½ǿߡ
ǮȻսаеһĽϵ
һƲС˵ʲôС㲻ʶ
һ˵ʮӥһ
Խ֮ǿʮһϣҲǶԷĶ̨֣ͨϵ˽̨ͨȻԺҲûǵ֮ˡ
ҲѹֽǮ룬ƾðһս֣Ȼǵ棬Źǵͬ飬ȴֹûС
ǮŲ²⣬Ůǽˣǽӣ˲Żдһʡ
ȴһڷϣ뵽С˵Լûκιϵ΢һ
ǮҲʮֵһϣҲδǶԷĶ֣õĽҲԷƽֶѡ
ԼʮֵԷһƽ֣ȥĻսаһ֮ڵʮǿߣȴһδСƽ˿ɶˡ
ʱҲ˹ʱߵʹ࣬ȻаȴҲ˵һ仰
ҴڶΣ͸ҴΣĴΣѧˣ֪ʲôлӿڳ
Ǯ̾һĿַ˵벻λѾȻҵһĿɽֵˣʹ˱
ڽǮУַһ˾Ϊ壬Ǹַ㣬ڻϽһУ㱻ıߡ
ˣսҲǿȥ
ǽ֮ԳԿΪصս֣ղŵ˼˵ǿˣ¶ԷΪһУһλս֡
ַ㣬ֻðˣǵĻԼһŰԷ
ַһЩ˵ĽǰЦôΪԼ߾ߵ𣿡
Ǯдŭ벻ڻרһжֵ˵ĲھȻҳвǣС˵־ԷСеŭֲҷ
λѣ㲻ҪΪԼһĺ̨޷ˣҿԸ㣬ʶһλѣ˿λӲ٣òҪǱƼˣҪȻƴơ
Ҳʶ˭ֻеһ˻һԼľսûнУȴһ֮ôܣ
ǮдϲַĿƺҪ뻨
Ȼַսôһڻרһжֵ˵ˣսҲǿȥ
벻ھȻ뻨ս˴Ϊһλս֣˰ɣ
һỨСӴҲԼһӡ
ȥλ̨ɣǵһֵʱ򣬲κεĹ˼ɡ
ǮĻԣǽлһֵʱ򣬲Ҫ˼ǰַ
һԵĻ⻰ȴп಻
Ȼûַ㽻֣쿴ַնָֺʱ򣬳ּΪɾԼֵĻֻֻᱻԷŰɱ
ԷŰɱʱ
磬ҸղűСѾͷʮ⣬Ѫ˺ܶ࣬ûҲ˺üšҵսǷƽʱʮ֮һҿ绹ǻ˽ѵСӰɣ
Ͱ
Ǯһߴûãһַ߳ȥַԼһǲǿԻַ㽻֡
Լʮ棬ԻսˣСӣ±۾Լֵ֮ҳһˣҲҪȻҪǿĶࡣ
ǮԼҪ֮󣬱ַܾ֮ϲÿвЩ
ַȻóԼԼװȻЩԼһҲŹ
ϻˣһϰɣ
ã˵ġ
Ǯһϲ˵ַ˵սôиղŮ֣ԼôһϣҲ԰˺Ƭ
ֱܸӻˣδЩΣԸԴ󣬲Ż˵֪ǳĻ


267  ޳ܵ
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жʱһ£ѵַȸղŵСҪҪȻôд󣬶ͬô˷ġ
սаǰҲеһսôˣѵ˻ʲôصֶβɣ
ǮһزͬѪЦ˻
ǾͻŰ㣬һͻڵˣȴŹ㡭
С˵־ģַ㵹ҲûЦ챻ŰĹĵҲҰɣ
ƤȻ㹻񣬵ַ챻ŰĺҲú漴ЦСԲȻһսһҽ쵹ҪʲôֶΣ
ҵֶζˣʹһ֣ͿȫǣŲţ
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˵̨ͨԭǹƽ
жǿ̨ͨڣҪս˵
ڣַȴĴﵽ˶ʣʹԶԶʤߵˣⱾ̨ͨϲ÷顣
ĶȻ˵벻ϴصֶΣ֪ǲѾͷĳЩȨ˧кô
֣ʤ򲻽˵Դ֣һʣҲԴЩˣ֪Ϊʲô©Լأ
Ķ֣ʤУַղԼһѾͷַȨ
ʵȴ´ˣΪż˵̨ͨҲûκȨ̨ͨᳫľǹƽԭκ˶⡣
ַܹ֮Լһһ̨ͨʱ򣬸һЩսѧһͻϵİ취
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һĩڣִ۸̨ͨϷķűһЩԱƣʹһЩԭսǿˣԳƵ̨ͨϳưԡ
׷ֱĩڲŻ֣ͨ˸Ǻ٣ƫƫһַ;ͨ׷
һУַһʼһ󺺵Űɱַսڳ˶ԷƵ̨ͨϳʧ
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в֮ȴַеĴɣƷ£ܾȴȻôַŽԼǿЩˡ
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Ǯа̾һԼˣԷֵĻһǰ£ɱսаеһĽҲԻɱҪ˵Լˡ
ԼԼֵܣôһݽɫ
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ʮӥһȫԵڵأַĻڴԼ㶯ƵģǮɫüΪѿ˿̲֪Լƭˡ
ַȻ̨ͨͻϷƣˣôڲ׵£һдıأ
·࣬ɺޣ˺˵˵ԼֵǸˡ
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Ҳ֪Ǯ˴ϵô˵һԼһǲǰòƽˡ
ַӿڵȻԣֻҪǵλֵܽԸŰɱһΣٷͨ춾ģߵλŮԺԲǵ鷳ˡ
㡭ҿ¸û̸еĳ⣬ֵǣһϣƴƣ
ǮȻַܽǶͷڱ˵ѹ֮Լֵܣʮӥ̨ͨɨˡ
̨ͨҲԼ㱻ŰɱˣտսҲɱˡ
ڽǮ£ʮһַΧ˹


죬ڼʱڣ󺺱ַȭͷԴʣµ߸ˣɵһϡ
ҶһʣԷսҲ˵زɣֻ̨ͨսսаϵλǰǿߣҲû˿ֲɣ
Ǯо˿ַѾһȭ
ַ㿪ɽ򺣵һȭǮͻȻٺˣ˵ٶȣڿлеӥ
ַÿһȭµһֵܣǮŵøεѣͷƶٶȲԶԶƽʱ
ڶַһȭ֮󣬽ǮһϲܽĽΣս˳Ľ
һУַƳġ
Ǯʱ֪ԼǸøлԷǸü޶ԷֵַɨأҲʹսͻȻһأǰܶû׵顣
ǮٶͻȻǣҲַϡ
ַһȭ֮аͷ벻ǮȻ˵ô죬˲սаʮǿߣȻһսʿǿ̫ˡ
һԵ֣ʤΪǮ֮䣬Ҳû𣬿ҽǮղַĹ֮£ȷ֣ʤŴкá
ַĵڶȭֹ˽ǮһȭٶȸԶԶ˸ղţַԽǮٶһգʱһȭ˽ǮԴ
ڽǮʬصʱµǼֵܵԴҲͬϰȺը
֮У⡣
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֣˷ķˣŹңֻҪŹңԸͨԡ
Ȼ᲻÷ǸŮԼİΣ֮ѡһĻһѡԼİȫ
ϾԼ˱ϣԺŻӵһС
֣ʤǱȽǵˣҲΪַܻ飬ֻҪͨԣֻҪٸҶͼı죬̨ͨڵļϵͳԴ
ͨԣҲ͹ȥˡ

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ǿ֮£ַȻһѽһָڴק
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ϧרʵʱ䣬ҪȻĹһһĲҽУŵ֮زز
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֣ʤо¶˲֮ɫٲԣҲһˣַζԷֶΣǲ̫Ѫˣ벻ַ㻹˲̵һ档
УֻĶһƽкã˲ַ˺ֵܣַʲôֳƿ죬ַΪʲô
ַ׽ˣıи֮׵СĪƷƶѾͷᲢۡ
ȴҴ⣬ô伫ⱾŰ
ַûģ¹Ŵǧ̣֮ǧٵѾܲˡ


268 촫˵
ʱĻַбһڣɶԷݺĥȴ޷˿ĸĸоƴĴ
һʼʹ֮£ַġ
ַ֮ڽָڣֺȫקֽ֮ϣϵĹͷһ顣
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֪˶ٴΣһδαַĥѡ
ҧгݵ˵סϴ󱪸սаڶ죬ôŰɱҵģϼӱıԺ˺ܱңǸҲӽ
Ҳ֪ôģַ㶼Źˣַ˵ĳ·ʯͷģûһͬģԼٱңҲ˶Էһͬ顣
ʹ֮£вַַȻûһ˿ֻǰһذ˻Уͷ׽ˡ
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ֽѵĻȻԽַֿ԰ѱһķЩġ
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ǽҪ֣֮˳ֻҲ⣬֮Ǿϣ֮ǵĽģѵ֮Ҫϣ֮ǣҪת˳𣬿ԼҪźã
ĵַƮɵ˼
ַعͷıһ˷ܵʵ˵ģǲ̨ͨʲôˣ
ѽҽһ̨ͨõһ춯صϢսרаڶѾ̨ͨϹҪսϢѾ̨ͨϴˣ죬Ҳ֣ǸսļһΣдץˡ
ַжʱЦãԭսаϴԼԼǰһֱ͵㡣
Σ̨ͨսԼԼ͵Ҳˡ


269  ע
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˵רаļսǿȴûе¡
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λ컹ҪصĽڶһֱȾӵһڶ֮⣬ʮÿ춼ڷ仯
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Ҳÿ˵սڷٵͣԭزͻᱻǰ˳Խ
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¶ׯԱΧ۵˾һӶסˡ
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һүǵļһӮ˵Ļһתֱһǧݺѽһǧһͨ붼֡
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ȻһӮĶעײݺףԼһӽݺңȴһôҲòԼǳԱ˳ŵûˡ
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Ķ˵ðɣ֮һݺңʶעҪȫУ
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Ķ˵ģǮֵܸը˷Σëë꣬Ѿͷڴɣ
óݺң˵Ѿͷڴ꣬ʵǲв²ʵеı
ǮһᵽֵĴôѣ־˵ֵӮǮȥֹȿֺһˣֵǻ֮ȥĻֹȷɣ
ĶҲһԳԷ˵챾ӮһǧݺңⱲӶ֪ôܻȥԺԺҪڻֹһˡ
ׯݶĽĿ˼¼һһվݣʱʾ޿
ׯԳĲţʵ֮УкܸߵֵĶǮĶע˾ӡ
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ˣһĶעŵϺˣ֪ǲǻĶʤˣϾȻһκˮû
ȴ֪ǱʴĿĶעŵòˡ
иǰһжˣ죬ԼֵܵȫѺϣǧǸѽ
ҪȻӵˡ


270  ŭǹ
һεӰӭ˾뵽̨ͨսа֮Ƶĵһǿֻ߽һ˧ˡ
Դսаһһ𣬾ûܹĵλ
û֪˴Ե̹Ŵ½ǿߣֻһˡ
ԹӢ۳꣬۽ҲãַҲã̻ˣǸǷ绪ïˡ
ڵõַ㷢սϢ֮󣬽е⡣
ΪһսĿһȴû뵽ȴһո̨ͨϣȵ˷ս
Ķ֣еˣȴսаϵĸ֣ѵ첻֪ǸˣҲû̫İ
ܸǸе˵Ļ̳˹Ǹ嶯çһ㲻˼ǰΪԼһֱԼսأ
Ȼûй¶棬ȴеעַⳡս
ΪսаϵڶĴڣʱпܰӵһλϸ£Ȼһֻһ
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һսַ㣬ҲΪܣȴַͨ㽻ֵĻᣬҳʽе
ĻٴνֵʱͿɵĴܶԷˡ
һǰ쾪춯صһսǰûǹанҡ
һսƴȫ΢ռһƶѣ಻ò̷̳

쳤һԼ׵ĸϣĿһѳԼ׵ľͳǹб
ǹ治磬Ƿļµĺ⣬ڱվڸ̨ϣһָ߲ɼĸо
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·һһɽҲᱻԷĳǹ
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ʲôܼңֻһ䣬׼𣬡˸ոһͷ㱻һǹ˰С
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һ˲˵ܶ˶˵˵սѾսеһĽˣΪʲô첻սսаһλãȴΪʲôһλոðĵսأ
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Ǿ֪Ʒ˵ŮȣºֶŮԻô򣬵Ȱ˲֮󣬲Űɱģ»ңҲôģ˵£ڵϰɣ
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˵ۣ̲סڵʲôһļһҲֽ֣
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ĶȻַ֪սѷ֣뵽ԼǮһ˵ĶԼһʵϴ󣬲֪ûаհ˵Դ
ַвһУ˳ǹһӣ̴֣ҲǰԾ裬֮⣬ԼٵģؽһĶս
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ϴһҪӮѽҪȻұҵʱֻаԼѺǸСƨˡ
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ֻǹҶѣһһζԼϴʲôʱܳ£ȴܳ£ҪȻһǰɱ
ַ㲢ĶĶԻһݣһֻԾ˸̨Ķ档
̨ͨµӫϣ۹и¶˳޵Ŀ⡣
Ȼ޷½̨ͨȴͨӵӫϷеһС
ַԾϸ̨ʱ֪ľսʼˡ
һսӮ˵ĻԴһԵõĲƸ
ĬĬ죬ǰһǹ


271  ׼
컢Ŀһţһ档
۾ʱ¸˼ף̨Χ۵Ⱥڿľ֮вһֱеĸо
˵Ŀ⣬ЩвŸȷһ£ǾǿߵĿǿɱ˵ģԶڱĿɨ֮ȻһĽҪĸо
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һֱ쵱ľ֣һսȻܴ
ȴ뾪ߵˣ˲ϵϢԼͨһЩڸ̨֮¡
ˣ̨֮ҲкüǧԼݻᱻϳ
ܱߵˣȫ񶼼˸̨ϵַ˵ϣûע⵽λò˵Ĵڣսаλеһ޵ǿߣһδŹʵĴǿߡ
̨ϵſ˻Ŀ̨һɧҲһ˿仯оͿԿһǰȣսǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
˫ڶֵĻжûսʤԷİգǸеˣҲսʤˡ
ڽֻϣַ㲻Ҫ̫ܵ죬ĻͿԴʽѰҳ
̨µĶ¶һ˿ɫ벻ϵ˿ֲԼʮӥĶԼһĲɵ
˵ǽǮֵˣڸ̨һۣһƿһеơ
ַһò˵ģһսַûʲôˣǸһүǵļһһҪݺң֪Сӻ᲻۵ɱ
ǮȴûпǹԼԼֵǣһǧݺ֮³ҲΪܣǲܷɣ
֮УַĵıŮˡ
Уûκεܱϸ㣬ʵҲȷˡ
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뵽ԼϸΪԼȻսаڶǿߵսб㺬Ứиޡ
΢΢һĽԸǺɵΪδǲܸǰ˵ġ
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̨ͨµһУѹȫƣǼĴƺַѾ
𼴽ֵݺңóٷ֮ʮǮˣԼȻԵõʮݺҡ

һʾ޿Ѿ൱ĩʱڣõȫˣһַ㱻ĳǹ̴壬𻨲ݺңЦ
̨Ǳ˴Щȫһߵĵ졣
ۺˣ·ŵħڸ̨ϣſֲĻϢס˸̨һУƣˡ
ЩǮֵǸֿ˻ĶøӵȻ޵ΪԼϸӮȻԼδϹǲսʤġ
ΨһҶַ֮ĵķ죬ϵĶ֮У˽֮⣬κϬĿ֮£Ҳѡ
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µǸˣ̹Ŵ½һλϣӵԶԶʱĵ̫ǿߣĪİ֮֡
˵Ŀ⣬ǹ֮ĵڶǵĿЯһУѹһеƣʹκ˶޷֮֮ġ
ǵĿ⣬ǧٴʤս飬һһսǿߣ֮ʱ׳־
ĩʱڣɨһеˣޣɥʬ֮ʱͳıʤ־⼸֮ڣеǹѪʱγɵͨͷ
Ѫĥ£ųɾ˽죬ɾ˫Ϭʤıʤġ
УսаλеһĽ񶼲ôˣ˸ںսаһǸ
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죬ڿַŰɱʱĿֲƵ֮жʱŭˣҶ࣬㻨ַ㣬ַһɱҲûʲô
ַȴó˶ĲֶŰɱ˻лһҽУָڣֺһһα塣
˶ַѪȵֶŰɱʧߵĻϻ˭̨ͨдս
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¼ǰһǹ̹Ŵ½ǿߣҲһս֮ѡ
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˶Ĵųﶷȴֶƣһ㣬ƽܲˣ죬ҪͨŰɱַ㣬ﶷǿǣ֪ʲôоη
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˵֮ʱһأַо֪ԷһԼ˿Ķ֣ҪȻԼϻ
˵ǰսаеǿʱûʹԷ֡
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ַҲȼǰһǹǸˣҲսаλеǿҪǿĶࡣ
ַһսһǰ
Ҳһ˿Цݣַ¼ϼʮеĻԼܴʽҳպԼ콻ֵĻסˣһΣԼһæ
еľʢʵ׼𣿡
ַ˵ͷ˵ͽ̣
á
ǹб̧𣬶׼˶ַؿڡ
Ķȴ̨Χ۵һ
Ǿеǰǹ·һ㣬һͷƿ֮£ַ˻
Ȼδ֣Ѿ졣
á˹Ȼ鴫
˺ǿƣǸеҪˣ
֮£ַֻһͨıǰѱҲǷâû̫ྪ֮ĺַǰ
еǹڳ֣һص⻯һͷɫһУһеϢַ㡣
ַȻûһ˿飬·սʱֻһ޹صĿ͡
ȻƽȻ̾һǹȷ
ʵ֮УһǹµĻƶһ̨ɽĻףҲᱻĪһǹ塣


272  Ұ
ʲôǹʲôʱˣһǹڸɽϣܽɽУϽӡ
⵽Ǳ
ѵŶ̶һܣսһ
һ̣ڸ̨¹սĽַһǹЯƶеֲѣԼ֪һǹǴĻôӦ
̾һԼҪͨǸе콻֣Ħս·Ѿвͨˡ
Ļ˱ᱻһǹĳɳٶȵȷ̫ˡ
˺ǿһǹ
̨ͨϣĶȻҲ˲ս֣ȴûһǰ˰ٷ֮һʵѵϴʤţҪ˸졭ҵݺҡ
ţϴ㲻нԼһķ𣬸ϽףܷΪʤϴ㲻ѽ
ĶԼؿڣĬĬĻʮ֡
һǹԶԶ˴ǰսаеǿ߽ʱƣֻеˣĻȼǰ˻ҪҵĶࣿ
̬ѽô˸ߵսҿһǹԳ֮Ϊǹ컯ǹֵֻˣҪ˵еļһˡ
սʿ૵ȴ֪ǵ⻰ǡñĽ˸
üͷɵȻղǼսʿĻҲ֪һ̵죬Ѿͷѹ
Ҳòһǹȷȵֵʱǿһء
ǮֵһüЦⳡսϾҪˣһǹͿַ㡣
ǼʮݺҵĺôѣǮ泩ЩǮ㹻ȫκһϣ֮ǵĻֹУºüƵƯŮˡ
ӫ£˷ܵ˼㣬һʮַҲֵˣԼ첻˳𣬻ԴһʺƣȥǮ˵ĺôѣԼҲݺңһ޷ľ޿ѽ
ԼҪڶʱ֮ڻЩݺңȴҲǸ⡣
ϸ硭
˿ֲĹ֮£ǵ֮ɫȻǸղǸģ΢΢ǵ֮ɫ̳һǹ֮Ȼַܡ
ַߵУ˵ۺʵǿȻʸżİ̻Ϊ࣬ܵ˷ѧԺӵ˲
ǵսȴ̻ĲԣսҪͺܴһˡ
ҲԶԶߵˣһ֣Ѿַ޷죬ҲܸԷȻܱԷһǹˡ
Լ콻ֵĻ棬ԼĻԼʲôܷסԷһǹأ
ַ漴ַǰѿͨıȻסͷڶǹַеıҵһһ弲ۣһλá
΢΢һ֪Լղſַۣǰʵ޻ıȻⳡսԽԽ˼ˡ
̨Χ۵˾΢΢һ벻ò˵ַȻȫһȻ졣
ַ˵һǹȴ㲻ڶǹڶǹҲ㲻ǹǳֵٶȣǱƣַ̫࣬ظղַ㵲סһǹ֮Ѿǻѣƣˡ
ǮЦ㻹ּܼǹиţҲַðˣһǹʱַһĺܲҡ
ӫµĻǶ㴷أַȻסһǹһϡ
˺ֹ۾һգҲգĿվ̨һˣǶڻƣԱиһ
ӣȻַֻ໥ӣ˫Ȼûٴη
ַıղǰǹ˷·˺ŵĵǧһڸ̨һ㡣
Щ۹սʿѾƺղǿˣһЩϸĵŮǿ֣ɫڱԽԽѿ
Щע⵽һеŮжʱһãղһ˲ûзֳʤ˵컹ʤַһɫΪʲôѿأ
ַеı£˵֣һսǲʤΣ
˾󲻽⣬ģղַƺƣַ㴦ƵĻӦöŶԡ
ȴһս˫ʤֲɵȻӦַˡ
ǮڣϣӮ˶ĴЦ
ַ˵ƤҲ̫ˣղƣȴӲǺƤҪԷʤ˲޳ֵܵزɣ
ĶҲǰ̾ȻҲϣԼϴʤԼп׬һʣսǿַҪӮӦúܲס
ʤͲʤˣԼ˶Լ֮󣬸Ѿͷţˡ
ӫµĻһĶߣӫʤС˵˵ƣһǹͿԽһǹ㻹벻ʤĴȥɣ
ûΪַ飬ղַӲӲǹཻʱַ̣һ£ȴ·˸һ˿δֱ˫Ӳ֮˲Žһλá
˭ղռϷ磬ռϷ£ôͬ˫ʤĽأ
ڴУȻҡҡͷ˵ϵ飬ǿǿʤʤܾǰܣĲʤ
ַ̾һ˱ԼлǣȻǸصĺӡ
ǹ˻תһ壬תַ㣬һսˣڷķ
̨һȻִ˵ϣղӦַŶԣôһжˣ
һЩϺõǿߣתʱѾǰƤ϶һ׶೤Ļۡ
ǰƤףȻǱַеıƵġ
ۣ˫ղŽֵĻ治ϵԴȻطţղַĳǹཻʱַȷ΢΢һ¡
˶ΪַһǱǹЯãղŵĽҲģǰƤϵĻ֮ʱôһ¡
ַһʱеĳû̹ȥǹԭղַĳڻǰƤּ֮ʹرеǹ
ɵðַ㳤̳֮ĳ߶ȣղַܹƽϵƤףȻҲ̴ܽ
ַ˼棬ŽǰƤס
ܵ£ַǼΪ˫㲻ʤĻܱסսаϵڶλˡ
ȴ붼û룬ַܾ飬ԼѾַܸ㡣
ȻһӴսаĵڶ䵽˵ȴסԼԭߡ
෴Ϊ˱סԼսаѵĻַ㲻¶£ͷҲòͨΪ˳ܳصʹսΪҲԽ
ʱΪڸһԣҪһڸԭȵĻԣǻԽ˵Խ࣬ԷԽԽҡ
ڣ̹ϴ£ȻˣȴûκӰսھ˽һս֮󣬸Ǹʤǰ
ǰַ΢΢һݵһ֪ǰܶ಻֪飬࡭
˵仰һԾ¸̨һֻҹɰʧ˵֮С
ҡҡͷһֱ쵱ԼĶ֣ȴͻȻ֣ĬĬŵĵȻһ컹ҪֲĴڡ
һս¶Էսаһλã˵ĿУȴҲǹȥе޵дˡ
̨µʮһӥȫˣһһǧݺңǻ֪һʶעѺһǧûˡ
˾ú޺޵Ŀ⿴ŽǮĶԼĻԼôȫĻأ
˸ҵôԼʾ޿
һ̧һƽǮſǻ˵磬˵ô죿
ͨ
Ǯֱͦͦǰ˵ѱˤϣҲˤ˺üš
ԭղţǮԼַܸϢֽľʧȥ֪
ղűͬһƣͬһߵ˵˵ϡ
һŭͬץ˵ڵϣͬʬĽǮݺݵ˵Щȫҵˣ϶Ҫװǵݺȫûˣ˵һô죿
ѽǮ㺦ˣ˵ô죿
Լ˽ĻһȫûˣǮЩֵһŭڣҲûƽʱԽǮ𾴡
ǮʱڻһҲ۾˵ʲôô죬ҽ˻Ǹ쵰ݺңκ˽Ķ࣬ǮҪҵʧκ˶󡭡ߣȥһǸ쵰ҪǮȥԼһү˵ĶԼֻǽǮѵСǮֵ𣿡
ԣǸҪǮȥòݺһǣͲĹͷ


273  ڽ
ʲôˣ죬ôϰܡ
һֱʤϢĻ˶ɵˣֱӰʧ˸̨֮ʱһֱӫĻУ͵һѪһͷԵӵ¡
ͷʾϣ˿ѾѪ߰ߡ
ڻع֮󣬽Ǯиŷŭ˹âͲͬĶһʾ޿ǻȴĵĶ˵ǾãݺѺϣͬŽ˱չһ㱣գٷ֮ʮĺôѡ
ǮʵټϻĺôҲȷˣһԺȫֵǵȫһԵĽ˻Ҫһע
벻ȴˣԼѪ޹飬ͬȫҵ˽ȥ
ǰʮӥ֮ĹϵεĺãȫļҵЩҲҲȥֵˡ
ʵУǮ뻨ͬһУŸ滨ǲ»Ӯʾ޿֮Լ˽̡
ˣҪҵǣǮͬǵһֵܣڵһʱ˻ס
·ϣǮͬЭ飬ʲô취ҲҪʾ޿ҪȻǽԱַѪʮֶкλֵܡ
֮һѹեֲܵܵʧ
Сʱ֮󣬽Ǯͬ˻ңһţǱ㿴ſ˯
һ⸱ģǮͬ飬ʱһ
ˣʮֵܵݺҾˣмֵܣڱһ֮ɱĶС
ǽǮȰǣǵĳ뻨סǧ֮ңҲҪϹ뻨ƴ
СӵûûΣľȻ˯ѵ֪Щ˵ֵǣ˿һɱĶ
Ǯһ˻ƨϣƿڴ飬ҵĵȰ㲻ҪǸ˶ģСƫƫڸǺֵѪ޹飬Сӽ첻ǮǾͰˡ
ȻǮһ󣬵ȴѻȴߵù˺Զ
ǮҲƣôʱˣԼһţ߷أ
͸Ѿ̵ĺѪʱ򣬽ǮŲ˲˫۾ǵɵôģûһ˿ɣǸͲһ˫˵۾
ǰ̵ĺѪǮŵӣǰ˻ͣȻͷѾҧϡãѾҧԾˡ
Ǯʬ߸߾͵˳ȥԴײ˲Զˮǽϣˤ˸ԽѣǮŭȻڻвϻص
ˣ˺һУĹεĺ˾Ϊʲô
ҲǻϧԼѾòǮ֪ʵеݣһǧݺңҲнǮȺġ
֮ǰҲ˵ףǮǽǵģԼеһݺңһǧİݺȫˡ
һʾ޿ͻ𣬱ƽʱһֵܵģЩ˵ֺܵʱһ˭졣
òǮǰЩͬЩֵǣһԱַ㻹Ҫ̵ֶαǮ
ǣǮȻỹѾһƶϴһٷݺҶûˡ
ֵʮһͬľҪӳϣ֮޻ҰҲףڵսʿǣǰҰԣسϢ
ҰҹɥʬȰҪ༸ǸҪȰ컹ҪײеĶ࣬һҰҹĻûлȥϣ
Ͷ·֮£뵽

СƨСɩӣôһǧݺȫˣ
ĶĽҳģСЩݺȫʲôϡģ
ĶŭڵһСƨҪôݺҸʲôҵһֻңֹǻȥɢأ
Ҿ֪ЩˣһǮ仵ΪҸǮҾȫˡ
ʲôҪԶʳѽСƨҪôݺҸʲôԳԺȺȵĻʮҲ꣬ϽǷݻңҪȻƴˣ
Ķ˵һ˵ƴĻֻܹԣ
ĶѾصʵУ˫Ĵ۾Ҳɵĸˡ
Ķַַͬ㵱Լ֮ԼȵѾͷ˾Ǵشˡ
ʮ꣬Ѿ¶ø࣬ԺһˣѾͷ֪һĴ̳أ
ĶǿսҰѾͷǲ˼˽֣Ȼ򲻹ԷҲֻˡ
Ķ̲סʵ˵СƨôݺңѵҪ׼СҪȻҪôݺҸʲôҪСĻҿһǿˡ
ƨƨ˳ǸոսǮĵط̫ˣұΪ·أСѾһǧݺҸҵ̻㣬ǮӦÿԽ˳ǵȼü֮ɡ
ԭһ£˵ܲͬǮ̻㣬šԺ̻ԺҲҵĴɩѡ֮һҶԼˣĶȻԹۡ
Ķƺ̻Ϊδɩôų⣬ַڵĺ׳Ҳֹˣַ̻ĻǱһҲһ顣
һԼŮĻҲи֡
ȴĶôԷ𣬷˳ԴӽԺָ缸еݺңд⣬׸˷˳ǣ֣Ҳ˼ݺңһǮûоǰݺҶ˻ֹȵȺɧŰɣ
Ķʱգһ޿ʵס졣
˳Ȼϣ֮ݬ룬ҲлֹȵĴڣڷ˳ǽʱ̻ȡ޻ֹȡ
ȴַֹˣֻҪڣԡ
һЩС޿Ůȡ޻ֹȵĻڶǵ·
Ȼ˳ڣкܶԵҵ˵͹ݣ̵԰ôŮĸλϾ̫ˡ
ŮԼɱ޵ģҲϾǼһˣߣЩʧȥ˵ʿǣһ飬˵ʲô
ֹȱܶɱ¾бľʿǣϾ֮࣬ȥֵطһ¡
ĩбжŮ٣ЩʿǳɱûŮĻ˵ͻͻȻ
ֹеŮǣͨҲԻݺȥʳȥЩͨʿǣҲŮ˵ظϻðο
ȻЩ£˵ϣ֮ǵ󣬵ȴҲǷ˳ʵ
ΪŮˣ̻Ҳų⻶ֹȵĴڣַȴ֪û˻ֹ֮󣬻ɸص⡣
̫ӰַŻĬֹȵĴڡ

У̻Լ˳ڵǼüһá
ǸոյõһµϢĩһ賿⵽˲ǿҹ
һϣǱʮʿ񱱾ϣ֮ǸǱһΧס˾ɷȫٸϣ֮Ƿźš
ϣ֮ΣڵϦ
̻üȻ뿪˱ǣбϾĺܶû䣬Ҫǵģϣ֮Ǿ˳ǲ·;
һǹص˱ǣ˵Σ˳ǣݺ̻ٿԲߡ
̻˵ǵõϣΧǵһȺӴɥʬ˵ɥʬЭɥʬսĿǰǵѹǳĴ󡭡
ĩϣ֮ǶԴΧǵĹ޴Ȼսȴûɥʬģս֪һΣΪʲôӴɥʬΧǣǱƵĻ֪ǵһĿ᲻ǣЩɥʬ˶֪࣬Ժη
˳Ĭڹ޴ɥʬ࣬ɥʬĩĬĬš
һҹ֮䣬֪һ֧ӴĹ޴Χ˿ڽıϣ֮ǣǣȥǿϣ֮Ǵýڽڰˡ
Ǳϣ֮ǵͷɷҲƤȫĵϣ֮ˣ
ַվ˵Щɥʬɥʬеİ֮ǣɥʬУǵвҪȱ޵вҪĶ࣬ˣϵɥʬȫٵֲĵˣһҪЩѪĺڰ


274  
ɷ˫֮Ѫ˿Ȼһҹδ˯
˭˭Ҳҹɥʬ͹ǣǵؾһҹ֮䣬˽ʮˡ
ɷ컹ܰ޵ĻĲˡ
Ŵдͷɥļǣʿɷ̲סƿڴ
쵰ʮɥʬͻǣǰȻûһ֪ѵǴϵ鱨ǸʲôԵģΪʲôǰһ鱨ûõȫǵ˴ֲһʮʿ
鱨ϽһԲȴӦɷ졣
ʲô鱨ǸʲôԵģҪ鱨Աȫ˳ǣȥַ̻һһǱļôִΧĿհףɥʬˣ
ǷĽһʹ˵û鵽ɥʬͻȻӽҲʧ˲أͷЩӣ˾ȥʱ򣬴˵սĴ񣬶ű룬Σĸ˵ķˮǴ˾ʵǿļž
ǵȥʹǵ½Żʹһҹ֮䣬˽ʮʿв²ߵһҽԱǵĴںܶ˵ʿòҽΣʹǵ
һ̾Ϣʲ룬ʹø֮УȱǿսʿЩӴɥʬޣҲǵĻʿҪԭ֮һʱ䣬һЩǰе½̨̨ͨͨĥսĻֻǵʧҪĶ࡭
һ˵ɷɫѿȻû˵Ļ˵Ŀȴַ̻ͬ˼
֮˵ɷǰַ̻һĲԣֻǲ˵źǰɡ
˵ǿ϶ַ̨̻ͨͨ˵սо޴ã仰ɷġ
ɷ첻ǰȴֹϣ֮κ˵½̨ͨΪ˴һˣ˵ĻǹȻɷˡ
ȫǱɥʬΧסɷеҪ˳ɥʬų켺
ɷаޣֻҪδ˳ɥʬ˷Ϊַ̻˵ĽǣԼһҲܷŹ
λڿ˵ߣеĻ˵
һ̬ıǣʧȥַ̻֮ѾǰһˣƾԼ޷˳ʮɥʬֵܳеԮ֧Ԯǣϣ˵С
һóĿ˵ȫĵϣ֮ǣǴַ̻һ¼ΪǵźѾȥˣȴǻӦȡ
ѽǰǱϣ֮Ǻֵ֮ǣڻҲֻ˵Ҫ벿ܿͻˣǼؼ죬ҿҲǵ֮ʣԮˡ
ҿַ̻Ļڱһվɱ
Ƿ׷ףɷɫøѿޱǰַ̻Щȴƫƫ˵ַ̻ǶսֵӰ
Щǣɷļ֮⣬˵֮ʱַģɷȻŭȴ޷нһ
һ׽ɷϽɷѿ˵ڴеǰ˵˭˭ʱӦЭ˳ɥʬ飬Ժ˵ɣ
ɷҵ̬Ϊ˾ˣģĵͷ˵˵ĲǧգñһʱڵΪǾҵʱˣǿ˵ߣ
ɷڴнǾͷһ档
еȷû˵еİ취һ棬ҲΪɷ
ɷȨ֮õȫǰڵڶսϲ£սĽǸܵżЩǸĸǱϵ
£ɷ˶ͷװɵ
Ҳַ̻лĻؿɴɥʬڵַ̻ˣҲһ֮ݵλ˿ɷ͡
Ҫǣɷ̻˵񱱾ϣ֮Ǳɥʬסַ̻侮ʯͺܲˣ˵ˡ
Щ뷨Ҳɷַ̻ȡ
˵ĻǹȻɷˣЩҲ֪ɷǾġ
нǵͷǰڶսĽҲһĪչ
ɷ޺˵ȫһȺҾͲǳнˣȴʮɥʬĽ

֮ǵһֽ󣬱£ضʿɥʬʬ塣
ϣ֮кüʿڼ£ԼսеɥʬҲкü֮ࡣ
ɥʬ֮󣬳µһһòһñͦһںڰС
Ļ˵ȷһ˲ţһصʬ壬ֻǹŵЦ⡣
һ˵ܲǰ֮ϣ֮ǿսһ£ô
ˣǰ֮ʵɥʬ֮һԭصĳϣʮߣıʿ
ĩ֮ǰǳҵˣĩ󣬲֪ǲѪʹȻܼҵӵǣ˽ԼʬЯߡ
ź϶꣬һ鲻ϲŲϧķѴʩ˽𼶴С
Ȼ͹ϵԳϸĹ
ƽ벻׵飬Ҳѯḻ
΢һ˵ڷ簵ۣ֮һսʮ㣬֮ƽȫϣ֮ȫ
һᷳ˵Ҫ˵ˣʵΰ֮ǹϣ֮ǵĿ
ү࣬ɥʬ嶦ľѾγɣͬӵȣʧȥһɻԵƻҲΪȻǿ󣬵ȴϣ֮ǵ
ϵͷһ㣬ע⵽ˣɥʬٵһճ־õս޷սپ
˭Ҳ˭ںܳһʱˣȻǻ籣һȶľ档
οԼүڱóһԽӿڵȴҪϧһдȫĵϣ֮ǣѵ֪࣬ѾüΪǿ໹ַ㣬̻ĪƷľǿߣĻףӲƴĻ˵ɥʬȵĸ𡭡
˶ټ˵ڷ簵֮ǸһԳۣ˵мбѵĲǣϣ֮ӲƴĻʹð֮ϣ֮ͬھֻЩ𣿡
ЦЦ˵Щ£ǶףҪ˵һΪǵˣ㵱ΪҪȫĵϣ֮𣿡
΢΢һĵҪȫĵϣ֮ǣɥʬУѾ·˽֪ˣѵۻ뷨
һ˵үʾūס
ϿͻȻһݺݵģҧгݵ˵Ҫȫĵϣ֮Ǽ٣Ҫɥʬ֮гưԲģǵ򰵺֮ǣждֻ̣Ҫ̲򰵺֮ǵľģҪ𱱾ǵľĴöࡣ
һ˺ܶ¡
۵Ȼ֪Ŀǰ֮һɢɳ״£Ҫཨϣ֮Ǻƻļһȴд㡣
۽Ϊɥʬȵδǣȫĵϣ֮ǣ氵֮󻼣£ȫʮ֮ǲžۼһ
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ΧǵѪսУڷ簵֮Ȼɥʬڶ࣬ȴ֮Ǵͷ
ⳡսʤˣйͶһ˵ģ֮λҲӵȹ̡
򱱾ǵļƻʧˣ۱Ƶһ𲢼սͬϣû̲Է
ʮ֮У۵ĺڷ簵֮ǣϵ򰵺֮Ϊǿ
ڻݰ֮ǣİٻ֮ǣʵҪȺڷ֮Ҫ˺ܶࡣ
ǻݰ֮ǣձַɨʵ½˽һ
еİ֮УΨһʵ쵼ȨģҲֻԭһĳˡ
ֱ˿̣˳ΪʲôԹ򱱾һºòģԭǵԼ۵ǹʹ򰵺֮Ǳڷ簵̲֮
Щĵ˵үʮײУ˾ǿǵĶԷͷȥ򱱾ǵĻҲΥ־
ҿĻ۱нڶԸˣΪɥʬδ£ǽõİ֮ҲΪ˵ⱻ۱
ῡϸһ˿Ī΢Цһ˵ҳϵǹʹۻûǸ£˳õĻαԽڱ¡
ү۵ǿֻ±УûĶ֣ҿǵҪɱۣ޷
ܲô˷˳ַأҶ˵˽⣬⣬ֻҪַ˱ǣǾͿԽַֻ֣ɥʬȵĺȺ֮ˡ
ʲôү˵սַǣڲǶɷ֮ǣôɷأ
ϰĿɥʬӪأ˵ȻΪȫĴˣҿַ˵ȫϣŸȷһǡ
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275  
һʣۣͬһֻ˵Ұްʮ֮˾ͷ۶ײ
ҪȻǱᱻŭһȭԵʵ۸Ǳκ඼Ұ
˴ʣ۶ʱһüͷ򰵺֮ǵȺڷ簵֮ҪŲڳǰ̫֡
һֿѹŭĿ˵ϣ˵㣬ԭһǿİ֮ǣͻϮǽǿµʿûбֳӦеʵҿҪúùܽһˣ
۵ŭתƴ˳ϣ֮˾뽫ǣųĳһ
۾кɷԶۡ
۽׵ߣ¶ĸ첲ϣ¶һƤ
˵ϵƤױȾֻҪӲ˿ϵƬ
վһʮĹҲȫӡ
ɥʬеֲǣ۵ĶͷһϬţĶǣֻǰ״죬űĺ⣬˵֮һ
аŭ۵ĲбԼԷʵҲԷϾ˵СһΪµĶǣʤǵֵһٱֿϽµĶһֵĻҿⱱ类ˣ
ϵĻӲԵ˼Ȼ֮־ۡ
Ͽ佱µĶɣлԸˣ̾˱ʶȤˣһ仰ʱ򣬲׳ڷ
ҹﵽĶν֮Ƕʧ˲ʿɥʬޣΪĺڷ簵֮ȴֻǶش˾ӽǣĺڷ簵֮ȴ
֮Ȼ۵Ϊȴû˸˵ʲô
˭֪۲һˣ۲㣬ȻԸ֮Ǻָ˵ǲΪɥʬȾ
˵⻰Ŀ·еսһ˴ģ֮ȴһԹһ㡣
ָϵʱ򣬳򷴴༥ָԼɱǣָֻʹȥƴºӺõѹǲǿѾϡ
˳ϻеĺ֮۶ʱȻŭԵи˵Ŀ⣬·С
ˣ׺ݵĿŵĻŵûˣϵ򰵺֮ǵʵȴȺڷ簵֮ǲ١
ʵ֧£ϲ۶š
еͻȻûһ˾߽ҷһԼ۵й߶
УͻȻ޶˵ĻþòСóĸƯˡ
ɥʬȫסղۻϴ粽õĶӣת֮䣬ϾȻӺݺݵۣ뻨
ȷԽԽƯˣ۶ŵ֮ʱĿ˻ϣ֮ˡ
ٱҲóϵ˵ȴзִ磬۵û˵ֵ̫ĻĻҲҲκνڡ
׹ӻȫ˵ִ˲Ϊ򱱾ǳϴȵĻ˭Ĳ
УЩ֮ǵ뽫ǣ֪⻰Գϡ
ӵв۵ʵʹ۲۸֮۸ϣֻûвϼˡ
֮ǵľ˾ǰ̾ϻʵΪ𣬸ղ۽ɥʬ˾Ǵһ٣ȴûĸ֮˾վײۡ
ڣûۣ۷޿κΣֲֻʹĻвϡ
뻨ĵüĳϣ仰֮󣬻عͷ˵⻰˵ĺܺѽ˭ұڣȴϴҺȣǴұһ֣Źļһ
ϵĻȻڳۣ˵ΧһսУ˵˵ĶʵҲ޷
ֻһԱеķŭ
ϰĿ˳˵䣬ƯŮĴһߣҹİٺϻĿţв¶֮ɫ
ɫ
ԸУ崿Ҳǵˣϲһ㣬ϾĴظԲԲβ˵
ȴϲ崿˵Ů䲢޽ŹȽϤĻǻͨʶʶ䡣
ͬãҲɥʬ˽֪顣
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ڳϵ֮£ܳĻʱЦɥʬ׷ײĿ
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䰵ԵͷҲǼŮȻܵĵϿĿڲͬ
ϵĿ̰ͣײУΪ̰Ŀȣȷ˺ܶࡣ
֪ôһ£ȴԼ޷ϲӢˣܾԼӢ֮䣬һЩŮ֮еĬ
һԵϵİй۲ԼиЩմմϲԼĲŻòԼʵԿԵκŮҪ˵µСѾͷˡ
ͬʱ뻨ĵøˣĿ䣬̾иӡ
һԸǿŭգβ߻˰֮ǺǣĿ겢ཨϣ֮ǣҪͨսȷԼȫĽٸ֮е쵼λΪͬȫĵİ֮׼
иаѻƯŮԼ󹬵Ĵ㣬ǻﻹ䣬ɥʬ֮ӵвСʵ
Ů˵ǻİ֮ʻ
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ȴ۵ʵ쵼λԼ̸£ɹ˻ע⡣
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䶼֮ƾԼǱʵժȡɥʬʻҲ޷ֹ
ȴ˽ⳡս׻ٵ򰵺֮ϵĴ㡣
۵Ĳ졣
䲻²ͬɥʬĽʻ۵Ĳ죬˸̸
ۿظŮﲨɫźÿһ㡣
ԻȶԼʾãֶʾãҲûиеʲô졣
ֻһˣڻ൱Ů˿п޵뷨
ͬʱõĻȻá
ֻѡһĻֻѡ䣬Ůĸ˸޹أֻǳϵĸ˿ζɣ
̸Ȼ벻Ĵַ㡣
ַԴ½˽һ룬ȻƴֲԼʧȥʮ֮ǵ˾Ա棬ȻһԱĴڡ
һУԴַǳս
磬ҾͶ˵Ժķ˳ǻȱǻҪѲǲ㶯֣һ˳γʱҪԸַǸħ͸ˡ
һ˵ҲһԲڵ˵ĲǸַ㣬Ѿеһ治ģɥʬֻдǸˣսռͷ
۵Ȼ֪Ժ˳ǵвǣĿǰȻǻʢϣ֮ǣ˳ǻСϾǵ̫ˡ
򵹷˳ǵĻܸ̫෴Ȼȫϣ֮ǡ
ɷ̻˳ַˣ˱ڸķѣʵֱµ
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ߣܱǱȻܷ˳Ǹ۵۲ûỨ飬Ȼǰµıǡ
˻Ļ۵Ȼܰе뷨˵
֮Ůͬʱ˵һ˵򱱾Ǿ˼ǵģе⣬պ׵ģַ㣬ֻҪƽ˱ǣʦ֮ʣ˳ķ˳ǡ
аЦַ˺öԸġ
װµģ˵Сã֣ǲַ𣬻ǣǵȵ˱ǣַܿͻǽһˡ
ʲô
ԣͬʱһ
׳ϢһӰǸסˣѵַ㵱Ҫ

˳ڣ˶̸֮ɥʬΧһ£еΪùܱǣɷԱ̻ҹԹ۹
ҲΪȥȱǣǲɷһ˵ġ
ڳɷ죬жٶ࣬Ǳɥʬˣһģ˵Ǹոսķ˳ǣ
ַ̻Щûб̬˳Ҳֻܰ
ϣַһ¼̨̨ͨͨǱõһ𾪵Ϣ
ǰַ̨ܸͨıһ£ǾڱǸǻĸսʿǣ̨ͨϵĸ·ΪŦŽһȥɥʧսǶٵв
죬ΰжķˡ


276  Ӣ۰
磬㿴˻һʵĶȻɷĹεĶֻ챻ɷ캦˶֪ôһ£
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ĩУмأľٶЩˣҲʵˣ
˾ʲôѵõ˲ţ̫޷£Ļ˵ʲôҲҪʵҵˣ뷽跨ڷ˳ǡ
һ죬ĩڣϽһϣ֮˾˻Ϸ֮һ
һˣе׳־˵Լ̻Ҫ
˳Ҳδɵģַûȥ£졣
εľٶַҲΪȫǳԺģȻˣ˱ԲжĿ֮һҲΪȱǵˡ
Ҳ˴Լϣ֮ǵ뷨ҪΪԼϣ֮ǴףŲ߻εӢ۰ɣ
̨ͨĥսԽԽ࣬Χȫġ
еսǿߣ̨ͨĥսϰߣ췢жؽɺܴһ˲ţɥʬսĹУЩ˸п빲ֵܡ
˭ֻҪܰЩûмκǿ֯ڻľγһɲСӵʵ뷨ɣ
ӢӪȱǣǵ飬Ӯ¹ģԳû齨Լİס
̴ûַȴԸ
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ַ㽨̨ͨһΪ֪Ǿãã˺зǱǿߣʹڳɳ֮պΪ˳պ
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һЩϣְ֮ĽǣԼڳеĽְ֮˷˳ǣĸԸһͨĶӳų
ڷ˳ְľ٣̨ͨĥսһôʹȫĵ˲ǶԴ֮͡
˸ǿߣֻҪǸһ̨ͨϱдˣһȥ׷
Ҳ֮У˷˳ǶǱǿߵ
ô˵ټ·ӢȥӪȱľһ顣
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ȱǿԣҪַʮ㳲ȥ뱱ɥʬƴȴȥòʧ顣
ַиһ㣬Ǿ֯һȺǿսʿϮķɱɥʬֻҪɱЩɥʬǣ֧ӴɥʬȻս
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Ǵĵ˾Ȼһȵ䣬ȻҲܻսаλеһĽ
ȻΪʲôսأ
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ַ촴Ӣ۰վмǰַкһ˵ԭǵˣҲҪμζԱɥʬ𣿡
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˰ַ㵽Ϣ죬һᣬһϲ˹
ǰסַĸ첲˵֣Ҳˣ̨ͨϷӢ۰ټӢۣⱱ֮Χµô£
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벻ַһ죬Ϊǧַ֣֮ǿȻûߣǰˣƬ֮ټǧǿսʿַʵһʮֲֿ
һϲַӿһ˿⣬εĿģҪԼδ׵Ļֻ˼֯
ԼҪǧ˼ŶӣȻһӭı飬˵Լ´Ĵ㣬ַĶȻԿĻǲǷġ
˽ĵĻԼǧ˼룬ƱػᶯҡŶеӰ
ȴ붼û룬㻶ӭԼ룬Ϊľ£ֻΪԼ˽
ĩУֻῼԼ˭û˽أܹڼԼͬʱ˳һȫ棬ˣѾһˡ
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ڱǵʱǿˣȻ˳˿ڲ࣬ʿսʿȴռ˴롣
սǿսʿԸܾ͵ԼᣬʹʵڱʱĹģ
ַѾˣֱӶ˵Լ뷨ҪĹУԼѡǧսʿԼһȥǵıΣ
һַ̻ѣȻַ֪ɷ֮жԹ
ǰΪַԱǱһԹۣȴû뵽ַȻ顣
ҲǷǳˣȻɷ첢ܴǣַȱǣҲڽɷ졣
һУΪĳԶ档
֮Ǳˣشȫĵϣ֮ǣҲϷ˳ǵ档
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սʿǣ˵Ȼӣ˵˵һʮһٵǿߡ
ֱӱַ̬ģҽǿǧȫһΣԸһϸǣһ𲢼ս
ַϹһ˿΢Цʱ䣬ÿ˵ڿٵǴﵽ˶ʮ㣬ĿǰǸ˵еĿֲڡ
ַ˫ͷ֮ıҲﵽ˶ʮ򣬱ǰһһء
ټ֣ʤĶЩ֣ԼǧҲǿ׳ˡ
ǰǧˣδԼǧʵ

˳£һߴ˧ˣֳǹڳ£˱̨ͨպյ졣
ʵнʲô֣ȴû֪
ʶ֪ˡ
߸ΧźܶˣЩ˴󲿷ֶսаϼĴڣʵУȴǵһμ档
ЩսʿǼʱ򣬺ܶ˲žķ֣Щ˾Ȼ;סһУʵлסһСУ˫ȴ
ǵĹϵȴѸٵ£໥֮˵Ĵк
Լһǿ׳Щв²ַʵ
һսʿȻ˵磬˵ǧֵܹ֪Щ˵ôϣǲҪǺȲС
ǿˣӦò̫İɣ
Ȼ˵ߵĺܶսʿȴΪȻ
ǧ棬սаϵĸ·ַ֣սȻỳɣµôЩоûˡ
ѵַˣЩսаһĴڻҪǿ


277  
Զ߸ͬһĻֱա
ǧŸ죬ֱֳָսʿУֱǧ˵Ķ
Ŀ棬˫۽סǰһɫµˣ쾪ǣǸ˾Ȼᡣ
ƾֱѾоһ£ɢˣ̨ͨϻĵ
Ȼǰ̨ͨòͨûһ㹲֮ͨȴһ˫һ۾
۾ĴʹһӴӼǧУַ˳
̾ϢǰǰΪַ̹Ŵ½ǿߣսŻ졣
ַΪ̹Ŵ½ǿߵݣֻҪڷ˳ڵǸһȻӦƼַ֪Լ´ˡ
ַᣬ̹Ŵ½ǿߡ
ߣߵҲԶ
ȻϿ̹Ŵ½ǿ֮ûκβ𣬵˻һ۾ͿԿߴڵľ޴
̹Ŵ½ǿȻûв𣬵ȴһ˿ٵķ糾֮У̹Ŵ½ǿȴһֲʳ˼̻𣬸߸ϵû֮
ĩпȣ̹Ŵ½ʳǣԴȡ֮γȻ෴ľò
һ̹Ŵ½ǿվȺУȻ˵ʲôͬȴһۿǸ˵ĳ
һҲ޷õֻĵֱѡ
ַ㲢̹Ŵ½ǿߣеľһǰǸսаΪǿ̹߱Ŵ½Ҳһǹ
˵սѾ˺̹ܶŴ½ǿߣΪԼĿǰѾĴˣ˱ǿ
ַӮʵеݣһ̹Ŵ½ǿߡ
죬ŷԼˣǴشԷ࣬ұҪᣬкܲζ
ǰΪԼǾţ֮ӣ֮Ȼʧɫ
죬ȴһҫ۵֪ԼʲôţҲ˫ľš
һԷ˳ǵǿһ𣬻ܿƵĶǸͦɵӰסˡ
漴۾ٴο˿ŸȷԼûۻ
״ε˵ˡǡսˡַ㣿
սˡ
ԭ˾սַˣֲÿһƵľǿǹ䡭
ѽս˾ȻˣͿܽս֮ʿȻںսаϵĵһˡ
УѾǿˣϲսǿҪ˵ˣǸ˽ַ㣬һо˳ˡ
ǧսʿȫĿ⼯ַϣղ£ϴˣҲĻĵת͸ַ㡣
֧Ľ㣬ҲȻתƵַϡ
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֪һԼģȻǴĻսʱҲȻˣлַܸܰľǿΪ١
֮£ַǵ֮֮ӣΣѵľǿߣԼУҲֵˡ
ַĶǧ˽ǰ֮ʱİǧսʿһǴǸȺоķ֣ʤĶ˵Ӱ
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ǰַ̻ԱǱһţܶ˻Ϊַ̻ڿǵЦ
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ռϱҪλϷı졢ɥʬҪΧ˳ǣҪȹƱǲС
ҪȻӴĹ޴ɥʬ޷ƹǵģֱӿ˳ǣɽ躣ķ˳ΨһвԶĹޡ
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һʧȥǣ˳ǽܵУַ㱣汱ǵĿģҲΪʹԼֵĵ˶ѡ
סǱס˷˳ǵĴ󷽣˵һս֮󣬱Ҳʽ΢ԺҲû˳ǲʸ
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۴һ˵ַ㶼ⳡսߡ
ӢϧӢۡ
ǰ״סַ˫磬ǰҲַ̨ͨʱҲ죬ȴоԼ˫Щ
ԼסģӵĴڣоͼѡ
Ȼǰ̨ͨϣҲһδδĦַʵеݣ죬®ɽĿҿʱ컹Ǳסˡ
ֻΪǰ˽ַ㡣
˵̨ͨϣôƾðһ춯صĴӢأԭµ֡գұǮƭΪǿǹŲսС޵ݡ
ַյ˵⻰⣬Ȼ̨ͨϰܸԼȴȴûԼֻԼսѣΪûʲô
죬֪ĶԼ֮󣬲תԼϴ
дҲ֪ԼŰɱǳǿи̵ԭ˵⻰ҲǱĶԼϴˡ
ַ˵ͷǰûֹ˼ԼʵеΪѶԷˡ
ַĿȺѰʲôᡣ
һԽӿڵʮӥ֧֮УȻֵ̨ͨһʾ޿ʮһӥܻ֮£˻ʮһӥҲΪһƶϴҲûе½̨ͨʮӥȥ֣˸³Ҳжˡ
벻Ȼʮһӥˣһһǧݺңһʾ޿ַ㶼ʲСĿҲѹʮһӥ뻨
ԻԲճַȻͬ
ַ㿴˿֧˵ڸǣҹ̵ĻһһҹԸϵ
׷սˡ
ս˲սֵܵĸ
ս꣡
¶ݿȵı飬пЦεӢ۰̨ͨϷģַ㵽֮˶֪׷浽ַ£߸ˡ
̨ͨͷ·ҹеһ£˶ͨķǣԣַһ̫ͬأʹ˰޹⡣
ȻЩģҲЩ˷ܡ
ɥʬ̫ˣ¾ۼ̨ͨеǿߣȻԼܻ˱ɥʬ𣬶һ㣬ԼҲûס
ַһоͰˣַ㽵ٵһ̣ɥʬܾѾעˣֻһʱѡ
ĩһ죬ַ黹ûģһΣҲɣ

ڵ˱⣬Ȼ뱱ǻмʮѾԿڸ߸ߵĽвԶޱ޼ʵɥʬ
ַ˵֣һô
ɱһѪ·Ƚǡ
ãֵһɱȥ
죬ַ㣬ʿ䣬ȱɥʬתۼ䣬Ǳ嵽ɥʬ͸ߴɥʬм䡣
һ˿⣬еǹΪһŭֱһͷɥʬǹȥѾǰɥʬУͷɥʬǹΪǿ
Ҳ֪˶࣬ͷɥʬǹֵǴﵽʮ㣬Ȼֻжʮǿսȴɱʮɥʬޡ
Ϊǰһֱޱǵ⻯ΪһŭЯߴֲϢֱɥʬǹӴȥ
еǹҪɥʬǹֵ֮ʱһеǹҪݵ𣬽ͷɥʬǹӴնΪΣѪˮһء
һʲô˾Ȼ죬ղžȻԺ󷢶֮ǰնɱͷɥʬǹ֡
һ̧ͷ䣬һµĳˣһı
ַ㣡
̾һ̨ͨԼԷʵ֮У벻ԼԶԶַ㣬һֱһͷɥʬֶȥ
ĳɥʬޣͷɥʬǹɥʬֵΪǿ󣬼Ȼַɱͷɥʬǹ֣Լ˵ʲôҲҪɱͷɥʬ֡
ͬһ磬䣬˵ͷɥʬֽǰ
ͷַһַۣ㲢û׷첻ɵðԵͷԼնɱͷɥʬ֣ҲԱȼַˡ
еǹոմ̳ûдͷɥʬֵ壬ʱ֪һ⣬ɥʬֶԴ
һͷ䣬쿴һڻɣһ˫۾Сվɥʬֵʬǰгһ͹ӵı
ĺݺݳ鴤һ¡
һֱΪѧԺǿ֮⣬Ҳַֻһ˿սϳ
죬廹ûгɵС򣬾ȻԱֻٶȣնɱͷʮɥʬ֡
ͻȻ䣬档


278  ޺
кһվһǰʵҪȥʲô
˾ղŴӶͻȻɱһ࣬ЩȻ࣬ǿ󣬽һ֣Укüֵˣ˾ѾҪ֮ǵʿһϣɱЩ֪ߵغߡ
׷վãκ˶ܴĦϵ⣬һ̾Ϣһ֪ЩͻȻʲô·𣿡
΢΢һ˵Щ¾Ͳ֪ˣЩԶڽķ˳Щذɣ
Ȼ֪Щʲô·Ϊʲô͸ȥΧЩ࡭
ƣղ۶еİ֮ҪȫɱЩ࣬ԼΥԼҲֻ°ɣǳƺ˶Դ˺ܲ⡣
˾ѾˣǲȥĻֻ¡
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ıӰһ˿һﲻǷǣûеõҵ֮ǰȻҴȥӭУ۵ѹңҲϲһ
һ羴һ˵ūף𽫾̫
Ϻ˽⣬ʱֻҪһİʾȥֻܶȴ޷Դ顣
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ԳĹûϵ˼İԳϵҲ˿ĸı䡣
ѯʵѵͻȻǴеһǿߣǷ˳ǵַ𣿡
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ַܹ̾ɱۣĻ򰵺֮ǾͿɥʬ֮һ֧ˡ
ĿԶıǵ˵Ϊֲַе޵ǿߣһսһΪʣַɱۣɱַ㣬Щ㲻ö֪ˣȴҪȷԼⳡսĲ
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Ⱥηսʿǣ·һڿոͬʱֱ山ǡ
ͷļ豸Ҳĵ˶ɥʬɧңһ˷ܵĻ
һʿϲ˵ɥʬѵܱϣ֮ǵֵǹæ𣿡
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ѽȨɷǸ˽֮ͽȲǰĶƣȲҹ˾ϣ֮ǸӪǣֱɥʬΧĻ˵ǱǾĽǷԹֲֵۣܳɵôأ
ıǣڶҹĴ֮£ǺεȵǿλȺ䣬ַ̻˾ȥ֮ǱǱսʽ΢ˡ
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ڹȥĻȻЩɥʬһãȴ֪ԼַĶ֡
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Χǣȫʮ֮ǵĹͬжοлۣǿߣԼαǰأ
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ȵЩسǵĽǰϢرȥɷ죬˵ɷټеĽǣϼ켸ҹĻᣬǽЩڳأǰӭӽãӭӽܵõʲôĺô
ֻ±ľǻûдһ֮ǰԼͱصɥʬˡ
ĩ֮ǰӴػЧʵ¶벻ĩ֮ɷȨȻĩǰһס
ɷµĽ⸱֮ЩսʿףΪʲôǻǿϣ֮ǵıǣսʽ΢ˡ


279  ղ˵ʲô
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ͻȻһȺзһϤӰǸӰڶαΣʱ̣ἰʱϹΣ֮С
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280  Ȩ
䣬ַնɱ˼ʮͷɥʬֱ֮ϵɥʬȥ
䣬ַѾձǰ
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ȻһԸȥ֮ǵȫһĻȴûжٰա
ڳһ̫ǿˣǿ˸ղеĹ޴ǿַȻͣս֮£ѾΪ½ֵܵס⾪춯صһ
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ַ㲢û̫ǰˣһ£һȴȸղκһҪĶࡣ

УڳַһնΪΣڲҽһ֮󣬻Ѫ꽵
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ղֵַסڳĹȴû뵽ַ㲻ס˶ԷĽһʵ׵ɥʬ
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⸱˵һԣϲ¶һ˿֮ɫԼµĲɷȻǸĹΣιĶ
ַ㲻ǰӣرǣ鵹ҲˣַĲԼ֪ͨ𺣷壬׼ñɷˡ

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281  ɫ
ϵĳ֮ɫһ仰ԼȻˡ
ΪеŮָ۵ɱַ㣬ɴ뱱ǣչַɱҲһʱ֮ܣȴƻ˶֣ɥʬȣʲôʱҲ˴Ȼˣ
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䣬ȰĿûк̨ĻĸԷ˵֮Ͼ˿ؾ
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Ҫȥǽ⿪Ǹţ֪Լַ㣬Ǹδı棬ӡ̵ˣ֮便ʲôԴԶ

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þ֮󣬽̾Ϣ벻콫ϻղȾɫ˷ǿˡ


282  ʮ
̰Ŀ⣬μȴЦСѾͷò˼˰ƯŮҲҪòУԼռŮ֮Ҳһ㱻ˣԼǿԼаһԶĵĹʺ
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廹ûгɣݲڱȽ֮С
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һĸߴ߳ʮݺ֮󣬱ҲûԸӼۣϾʮݺңҲһСĿˡ
ĶиǼģһλɫһ϶̣ˣÿϧ
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Ĳ½ַɱãɱҲԽȫƵϡ
ʱַȻŭֻҪץסİѱֻ޿κΡ
μ뿪֮󣬼㿴ңҿ㣬໥ɫ
һȻסַ۾ַЦȴû˵ʲô
һǰ˵սˣֵܾս˵֮ǿ˫ҵսָһ
Ļû˵ֱַ꣬Ӳ˵ָûʱ䣬ǲĻұȻȻ
һ⻰ʱˡ
ǵģ֪ǰַжôĿֲҲﵽ˶ʮ㣬ȨĽôҪ˵ַȥˡ
á
˳
ַҡҡͷѾʮԼĶֲŶʮԼɱĻЩ۸ˡ
˭ĻֻһϣҲһһȥʰǣ
ַһ˵ȺУʱվ߰˸Щˣڶʮ£Ҹǳࡣ
ղȻַ㣬ȴҲַ㵥
ַһϣЩȻʱ߰˸Χ˹
սַҲûеףַȻ˵ŵһ仰ŭڶս߰ǿһ֣ؿɰַ࣬һҲҵġ
ߣɵ¶һ˿̵Цݡ
μûԶȥǶڰй۲ⳡս벻ǣַȻеƾһ֮սһȺ׵
죬ַսҪԺˡ
˹ʵѵҪƾЩɱַ𣿡
ЩȻھְǶһǮȫƸľǿߣɷµЩҲᲢۣѵô֣ײһַ𣿡
ЩȻΪǻײַ㡣
ʲô̫Ƶַ˰ɣ
ϷѾˣԼ£֪СֶԷˡ
μ˽⻰Ŀȥʱ߰ͬʳһַ㡣


286  Ѫַ
ַ㿪ϵ۽ȵİ΢΢һѾһǰһȭ

սַ㣬ﵽ˶ʮǿߣֱӱԴܱߵļһԽѪˮ
ԶԶȥЩϣͬڻױľԱҲ̶á
˻ûзӦʱַ̣˫ۼסԴַ΢΢һԴеԽѡ
һ֣ʬһ㻬ڵϡ

μһԵڵأŶ̶һ֣УЩˣ࣬ȫľǿߣôЩ˵ַϣЩ˱˴ˣ
һ֣סμ壬ʹμûеˤʺ
μپǰذףΪʲôǮɱĪ־Щǿǣ׷ַϡ
ǻ޼֮ʱ˵밲ģҽַ˲㡣
ɱַ㣿
μɵ񣬽гЦ֪֪ˣսҶַѾʮֵ˽⣬а취ɱ
㻹ȥ
콫֮Э黹û̸ףѵھΪЧ𣿡
μͻȻҪûҪЮԼȻаޣȴް취
˵ССĻ°ɣѾ˵ˣӦúܿͻһĴˣֻҪɱַ㡭
μˣ˵ҲÿԽǽֵֽģĲˡ
νȴûкԷˣ˵콫ҲǱڴô˲£ĩŮֻ˵ͬⲻͬʲôãֻҪ콫һ仰ǸҲĻ𣬾ǲģǽңԵǣȻѾͷƬʰķ
ҪۣμаޣԼӦɫΣѵŮɷ
һΪ̨ͨսݺ޵УĿĺˣ̨֮ͨϷ⣬ַ㲻мսаΡ
˵ɱַ㣬ɱַ㣬ҲռŮɷǵıˣ뷨Ļֻ»Լ
˵úãֵ㣬Ů·ҴӦˣַ㡭
콫ģóֵʱȻ֡
Ϊʲôڲ֣
콫Ը񣬾ֻ⼸˶Ըַɣȵ콫õƶù֮Ȼַ㡣
㡭
μŷֽҲȻŭȴҲ޿κΣһƱػַ
ֵİ˸ѾȺַУûгֵļʮˣԭأŵɪɪ֪˭ȿͷЩ˷׷ɢӡ
ַһ֣ץסһ˵졣
˻ΪԼ챻֦סˣ˺üûжѵǱͬԼЦץסԼ죿
һŤͷ˵ֵˣǸϽȥɡ
˿˶Էģʱɫ˵ս񡭡ˡμǸϹֵƭģֵ֪ΪеĻֵܣҲ
жŵμһ㱳ȥѾģѱѱɣҲܿԼַֺɣ
ַ˵μ
ǲ˵ˣͻŹң

ַһȭ˵ԴֱӴ򱬣ϲּۻۣǱ˵ԶּۻۣźԥĻɱԷ
ַٶץסһܵһܣǰиᣬǸȻ󣬵Ҳһ˵壬жʱһϲֻҪԼ빷ᣬַ֤ԴҲ벻Լ굽ȥ
֪һֻۣקһ˵ǰץַʱ򣬶ʱҽһһףȥ
ַ˹ȥһֻȭͷҪӳ˻ɱ
ͻȻһ˵սˡʲôʵģСһ֪޲ԡ
ַЦЦ˵Ҳ֪Ȥͷʵμ
˵ϹС˲֪
ϻ
ַ̧־ҪɱеСĲˣμϹ̰˴֮Ͳ֪㵽ȥˣôٸСˡֻҪսˣСԸ׷սˣһȥɱμֻϹ
μ˿̸ɫѱĸףˣҪ׷ַɱԼЩǣؽӻĸƸģܶ˱Ǵﵽ˶ʮ㣬һȴûй
μˣĩУڶףǿ߻죬Ҳȫޡ
ַ㲻űȱ˶ʮĩ飬ŻĲɡ
Ķ֣ʤԼַߵˣǲûŤ⵱ȻҲǵַǵıӻйء
ַɿҲ֮Уμ̰ƺɫ̰Ҳֻɷſķ
μ̰ˣȻԼٱ¶ˣڶսָӲԼԺӲˣصȥ
Ѵ֮ԶĹᣬҲ˸ղµģַһɱμŵˣַҲûƽϡ
ַ˼һôֵʱһƯŮ֪ʱַǰַ΢΢һ˵ˣСŮ֪μϹ
ʱַϵ۽Ѿرգȴ⡣
ϵ۽ղҲɱȻϵ۽ĿֻΪˣб˲
˭
ǰƯŮַ̲סʵŮһ۵˵һμǸ۸Ŀ˰ˣҴȥǸޣսҵ֮ΪСŮӱ𡣡
ǰ·
ַȻûһ˿飬ȴһЩжϣŮȻϵĿֲϢˣȴסַˡ
Ů·̬㿴óŮһƻŮŮϣڱμŪһ¡
ȻŮòַûмȴŮʶĸо
ŮȻԼȥμǴַȥƺõһƭУŮǰԼˣŮԼһö
һַƭʤǰŮֶΣҲֻСưˣЩֶַУ԰СŮҼ֮䣬Ҳû̫
Ůȴһ£ȻãϵһֻĻֻҪ󣬱̵еקϸߡ
ŮȻϲԼ棬Լ档
Ľ΢΢һ漴Ц᲻úײǣԭСӾ콫ĵƣַ˽ƻĺݣϣ콫Ҫ˷۱źãԣֶŮ۱
μҲ˾ˣƤӣ᲻İԼɱַ㻹˵̨ͨڶ죬˹ϵһѪжһĽȴһŵСˡ
μһȴû˵
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ַŻתתһԺУԺУǧʿǧˣǴӵڶսʿٮٮߣЩгɷȫװַš
ʲô˵ˣμ޾ıУ࣬ԼҪСˡ
ַĿŶǧʿһĳŪ֮ɫ
ַĿһɨһɧңвʿھʧ֮£еı˵ϣߵͬĽź
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ЩֻҪеǰѵ£ԽĶͷء
¶һ˿ײ΢Цַ˽⣬ַȻǿҲȴ̫壬ֻҪߵвͷ
ַ㵭˿Ӱ㣬бһֻ˿࣬һĶ漴Ŀջأʻ˵˵μ棿
¶ɻı飬ַģƺĶѵҪȥ׷ɱμ뷽跨ԼֵôѪ
˵ͷַһУֱԶһЩʿǣƬ֮˺ü١
ԼһʿƬƬΧסĶԵļǿսʿŻع
սнĵУǴĶϵƤУʹĶĲѪˮ¡
һսʿеַ㣬ֵǵϣ㲻뿴ǱͷĻǾ־ܡ
ַ˴ʱŷĶĴڣšһɱĶλãƬ֮䣬мʿ
ַ㲻֣ͣԼɱ˹ЩǿսʿҲֽš
һսʿʧĴеַ㣬ǲ㿪ЦֻҪ˺ǵһֵܣҾͶСܣ
ַȻšһûмӿٶȣҲûнٶȣȻɱĶڵλá
¶˷߷֮ɫַģһ㲻Ķˣַ㣬ҿˣԭɥʬҪѪ


287  ˿
ַ㣬㲻ˣֵܵˣǰΪǸѪжأ㲻䵱˳ս˼µҺ㡭
ΧĶߵļսʿѽ
ǱΪƳĶַ֮ͻʧɫ޲ߣĴУҪ˺ҵֵܣҪɱҪгǣ
ַ㣬μԺԼ;ҲùޱȣˣˣŮˣӦоС
һӾеЩӢ۶ģַǻУһ޶ܼĴӢۣû뵽ַ㿴˿ĶȻɫ糣
ֹɫ糣ԼвֵܵʱַȻǰɱ
һսʿߵ˵ԭַǸѪֵܸˣȻֵܵȻˣǾֵһˡ
սʿеĽҪ£ͼĶԴ뿴ɫ̬ǲһ
ľٶԵֹͬˡ
ϵܣѵ뺦ֻҪĶϣַлͶҶôɱˣֻһҲˣ
Ͷ㿴ַλֵܵҿɱַҲһüͷġ
һвַǰ첻ˣɱַֻɱ¾ҵڣǾòʧ顭
ЩսʿĽĶĲת˺üȦ˺ۣվûȥʹĶѾŵ÷˰ۣȻ˹ȥ
ַ״ɱģЩʿսʿ׷ɢϳһصʬʣµľιȥĶˡ
ַĶǰݺһţĶתѡ
۾ַԶĻϣվŮڻֹȵУǷǵʱ򣬻Ӷȭ
죬Ůȴվַ󣬲˷絶ָһϾַ㣬Ҳɥʬеīɫϸ¶˽
Ķ¶˿־֮ɫиǷһĻȻӽַ㣬УɥʬеԹҲԽԽŨء
ƫƫַ㱳ŮŮԽԽصɱ
ĶȴϧĶ˿죬˷˼ȴʲôҲˡ
ʱͷ󺹣ַľôˣǰСĽԸܵȥˣ
ϲԼ֪Ľӽַ㣬ԼѾﵽʮ㣬ԼʮȫַĺϣͿ԰ප
ַȻ޲̧֣ĶһĶϵĸǿͬһؽض䵽˵ϡ
ڻҪ֮ʱַͻȻ˵ﻨ˾ٱϮ𣿡
ȷϮַ㣬ҪȻڵԼʮָϸ
ȴûϵַµ⣬ѵַĺϳַĺ֡
ΪԼ֮ԣҪ˵ַ㣬ѾϤۣϴ˿棬δϵóʵݡ
ַ֮󣬸ǴûһۣΪʲôϳԼأƴĻ˳˺üһľֲ֪Լһˡ
ô֪ǻѵ㿴ҵ𣿡
αװڣҶ޷ǰĻϵһС
оԼҪץˣַȻûпԼαװΪʲôֿԽҴԼأ
ַ˵ԸıԼòȴ޷ıԼϵζҼĵһҾ͸еһϤζȷǰ㡭
ᣬ벻ַζȻУѵǿʶŮǲӰ˲Ż
ֻ¶ζеıޣûζķֱɣ
ԼҲ̫⣬ֻݣȴڸԼϵζһ㱩¶Լݡ
ַǱ̬ȻʶŮˣ
ַ밲οοȫöԼαװʧαװãԼֶ뾭̫ḻ
ܹĩڵǿߣζУҪȻ޷ڹɥʬе档
컨¶ţҲ⣬Ŀǰ࣬û˾߱ζĹ۲
ĩ룬ĩڣҪ˵࣬ޣζҲ̫УַǴԽģһľڣһʱ̣㷢Ů⡣
ֻȥҼһ棬һ棬ƾϵζϳ𣿡
ҲȫǣʱֻǾϵζϤʱû뵽ݰ֮ǵĻ뵽μķΪ뵽ɥʬŸҶ϶ݡ
ַ⻰ҲǺƻеʵ뷨
һμָӲַֻֻеڶսľ٣սĽȴһûС
ַͶ϶ɷĶϮһ޹أμ˸̰֮ĶȻ˱˵ָʹ
ȻǱɷָʹģַ뵽˳ɥʬ
ַ𻨽ϤζǿŸҶ϶ݣϾ񻨽ļƯǿŮȫҲûм
ǡǡڱ⣬ĻֻһǱμͶ˳ɥʬμĽӽԸԼ
ϮĶһ£ǳԻμ˵ĺıˡ
Ķקе˿ָ࣬Ż˵ԭСݰ֮Ļֲգûע⣬ƭˡϴ㲻֪ұᣬйˣҲϣСǴһȭʱһȭͰҴˡٺҵ
ַû˵ӬûĳΪʲô֣ʤ죬£ƫƫĶС˱˵˼أ
ϴ㲻֪С˺üΣһٳ֮£ϵ˿ҵ
Ķ˵˵ţԽԽַͣĿ¡
ַԵ˵ʱԽǿĵˣԽǱֵں
־ʱȻǸ״򲻶еģ죬ȴĿ¡
Լ뻨ַ֣֮ʧ˼㡣
ַɫŻԵѿ
ַ㲻ĶԻ˵ԭ˾ͨܣͨܵǿߣǵİ֮ǣҲᳬеǿߣҲᳬ߰˸˾죬ȷ̫ྪˡ
ַĻһתϴʮĺ˵Һ֪죬Ұѻ˾ڳĻ֪˾ǲǻ
ɫڱˣַΪʲô֪࣬Ϊܵǿ֮һ֪жԼĴڡ
ַȴ׼ȷĴ𰸣Ǿǻľڵɥʬϣ֪֮࣬ݣַôóģ
ַһ仰ǽľǾַѾܵ㣬ͨܵǿߵ㡣
ַȥ˻ͷȻܹ³ַն֫֫Ҳٴγ౻Ļͳˡ
ܵΨһϣҲصĺ֪ˣûϹ
ַ죬ǰȴ˵˳ܲı
ֵ˫ʱˣƽһЦ˵ԣ
Ҫ֣ĶҲͲסˣһø˵ϴСǸιҳ˿࣬ҾסСǣҽϵĳȥҲ
Ķ˵⻰ʱסĶ֮󣬴ĶϱһЩõ鱨
ĶԻ˵ͣ˵СȺۺðףСϸƨɺ̡
˵޳ܵĻǣϴ鱨ҲУֻҪ㴩Ϻ˿࣬ҸһĻʱʲôСү˵ʲô
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Ķܻæңϵ˿࣬ĶŽСͣһ㡣
벻Ķ£ͬ͸˵ƻһ㽿ΣһĶ˹
ϵﵽʮ㣬ĶĲһ°;õڻֹУ˻ĺȭԴ˻ܲһݺݽѵѵСǡ
죬һӷˣǿ˲һ㣡
ϴСǺǰɣ


288  ڰ޳

ַ˵֣Ķαץȷַ
ĩˣĶľԻֱץвԼôܲ
Ķûüᣬֻһͬȷǣ
Ķ쳤̾
СүСүǺƽߣôҰֻôɱɱ
ַ㲻ĶĿӻ˵ְɣ
ͨݵĽӴַ㷢ŮıԲɥʬĻַ㲢ѡ
ɥʬУԶܳΪѵģһ㣬˭ı䲻ˡ
֣ʤڱɥʬʱ֣ʤʹûнɥʬķַҡҡͷ
һʮУַʹûмһͷɥʬڸȾʬ֮ٱࡣ
ɥʬ蹵ƺ޷Խģ˭֪أ
»ıٺãַҲԷΪѣԷɥʬŮǧ
˷ȷʵŮкøУҲԥĻɱ˶ԷΪ֪ԷĵˣԵ˾飬Ҳԭ
佥ʱ򣬾ͻὥˡ
ʱҲһ̬ȣַһˣҪѧ飬ܱԼҲһαװɫɣ

쳤ХȥǷ˾޴ı仯ĳɢԶԶȥħŮ
ǴīɫĶ֮ɫʮָ絶ֱַץ
ϵﵽʮ㣬ַϴμʱǿ࣬սҲǿˡ
ϴݱԼ֮ھһʱĿޣ׻ָʤǰ
ڰеĽ۾ͻȻɴˣȻóɥʬĻѾȫǸղСŮģˡ
Ѫ£ȻЩȴɢ˳Ů˲е֮ɫ벻ɥʬҲƯŮ˵Ůˣ
ͷĿμ˵ˣμȻɥʬѵ㲻֪ɥʬȫĹİࣿ
ͨڵļʩμȻԿַһУīɫ۾ͻȻһԭί
μİ֮ɥʬһУҪ׻𱱾ǣҪ𽥻ȫࡣ
ǵĿģҪΪʼַĲܣԼ̨ͨսаĵزŴμϣַ졣
ȴûҪͶɥʬ˿̲ͻȻԼĺ󣬾ȻɥʬԵף϶ʱ¶˷ŭ֮ɫ
μһ̹Ȼ˵ôΪͶɥʬȣȫ࣬Ʋ𱾽𡭡ҿȷĸ㣬˶˭Ҳ˭һЩ
㲻һٲͶɥʬμԼô𣿡
ߡǰװȻģĲıַ㣬Ͷɥʬʲôѵ㲻ַ֪ǱǵĶһַˣҲؽ𡭡
μ˶ټ˵Ϊ˱סԼ̨ͨսаϵǵϧԱžõַ㣬ֻ˵˶һˣָңʮЦٲˡ
μڰ֮ΧǵʱҲɥʬҪԶԶǿеؾľһҵ˼붷֮󣬲¶Ͷɥʬȡ
ȻҲӹԼΪ̰ȫΪΪ˻ȥֻýԼ֪
ͬɣΪԼȫ벻˵ĽȻȻǴʱμ¶˳ı飬ҶǶƾʲô˵ˣ
ǣ
ȥ
ȥﶼУҲȫһ𡭡
μвĿ˵㲻ߣ
вң
ԡһĻ涼ɥʬȵĹϵһ¶Ļ˶ΪͬıѾһϵˣһپ٣һҿ㻹ɣ
ֻһıԸַ㣬ȴûκɥʬȽӴ飬μݺңǣ
ɷãҲխ֮խҲͶɥʬȣվȫĶȥȻμٰвȻͶɥʬȡ
ȻˣɥʬȼǣҲμһ֮ҲһԸ뷨ˡ
μ˵ȷûɥʬȴκЭ飬Ļ˭أֻҪƵȥǰ̸ЩݺַЩ£ƺӣҲϴԼѻƺӸȾˡ
ʱɵˣûϵϵμһ֣Ҳμס֮󣬰ȫ˻Ůϣűμˡ
ֱղţ¶ɥʬɫͻȻμȴͷ
ͻȻһ˿ɱȻҪμ֡
μϳɾ˽⣬ֻҪɱڣȻ뿪˭֪Լأ
μɫҲˣ֪ܵȵһ֮ĹϵһҲûһˡ
μϽ˵֣ʹ̸֮ԶգȻҪɱڣֵսԶԶǿңҲɱңһ̸ҶѾ˱ݣѱݴ˳С
ɱңһеҪɱ㣬еɥʬŹ㣬һͬʱɥʬȫˣʲô취棿
Դ벻μϼ޻ԼͬʱɥʬַĻԼ·ˡ
ͷɥı飬μҲĳһʵûн̸Ƶݣۡ
У̸ҪɱַЩҲû¼
μٴҲԼݺַ֤ݣһƵƵй¶ȥĻַԸ񣬾ӵߣַҲ׷ߣһն
ַǲκһĻ˻ϵģˣˣԶˣǾɱһпвȫˡ
μʧʱ˵ֵַ֣ܾ㣬ַȫĵӰ۵ûֵ֮ܵأһ֮ǣֻҪ۶ֵʵʩ˽𼶴УֵܱӵԶԶʱϵ£ֵܳ۳ҡ
вЩģһɥʬܻ꣬ҪüԼıۣǻɥʬĻҲһѡ
ͻȻһ˿ᶨı콫ҽԺ͸ˣţСǸɥʬŮҾͲҪˣ˯ʱһҧСѾͷȴһҪʵŮȷ̫ˣ
μȻ֪Ҳɥʬǽȴ֪ȴû˵
ںɥʬҲûãҲܵõˣڵɥʬ֮Уλǿǿߣϣѻ俴Լ֮
ħŮˣǻˡ
μ˽⣬ϵҲʮ㣬ڽҪٴͻƵıԵһ۵ٴͻƵĻʱֻϵ£Ψ
ϵжǿμȻ˵棬ҲԲһܹǵġ
лǿ֮Ƶַ㣬λħͷǰҲǲһ
໥ƺ⣬̥ϣų켺ĻַͲɱ
û⣬ֻҪɱַ㣬Ҫ˵ҵֶŮҪҵҶһüͷ
ŷμȻҰԼﶼˣ֮ϡ
μģ֪Ҳòȥμ⣬ҲҪμȴܵμĳġ
磬ƽ޲¼ɡ
μ̲סʵ˾ﵽʮ㣬Ҫַǿһأ㿴ַǲڽˣ
֣˵ͲˣȻҪҲֻһ棬ҲϹ̨ͨȻһе˼ʱսҪȾԵҪĶ࣬ҲúҲ²⣬˵ĽܿͿԼˡ
һỨ˾ַ㣬ܹǰ˾һѣ˵ʲôҲַܽ˵ء
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ַһΣָϽָСıͻȻ䳤˹Ļؿڼ̹ȥ
ȻַĽƿƲ죬ȴһһо֮еĸо
ﰵղŵһ֮Ȼޱȣַеıȴ󷢶ֱ࣬ǻĵطȵϽ
ٴʱжһ
벻Ȼһһװ볤
źϴ˿̻۾īɫԼ¶ַвիרù»Ұĺڰ޳
һΣԼûмʹһΣȻóŹֵıкԼֻǲ֪ʲô֮


289  ǰԵ
һĽײĴַ϶ʱ¶˾֮̾ɫ
벻һͨȻԵסַ㳤Ĺеͬ赸Աеޱȡ
ǿսҲ൱ַ𲽼ǿ֮£Ȼˡ
Ȼַ㻹ǿһ㣬ڶ̶ʱĥս޷Ϊ˵ַȡ
ҲͶӵʱڣַ㳹˾ƣĿռ򱻲ϵѹһʼżȻ£Ѿ޷ֻʣڿ֧ˡ
ĶԼϴɱĻڽڰˣһԴкãϧַȴûлӦĶеȻζкõҲĶղˡ
ڣӫеĻڽڰˣμɫһַǿսûл˾ǿȴǿɱĻ˾ڽڰˣ֣ڱˣ
μ飬Ҳδ룬ѿڶʱ죬ȵ˵ɡ
㻹ʲô˾⣬ƾǣסַˡ
μĵĵȷǷģȻѱǵĴϣȴ֪ۿеŮˣһ⣬ɱַ㣬ֻҲ۵Ĳ졣
μΪŭȴһӡ
֣ףֻǺϵ㵽ҲûȨң˵Ŀɱַ㣬Ǿˣϣһ㣿
ɣ
ַһַּ˻е󽣷һתֱĿڴȥ
ǸλλãֻҪַһ̴»ǿҲһ
һٶĽǶȾиɻַʮİտɱһģ쳤ǹ˵ֶΡ
ǹ򣬿˵ﵽʦɵĵز
֣߱Ҳκ޷ģһַ㣬̨ͨʱҲֻóݵĿӶԷ
ַΪ˵ľҲ޷ѹ죬ǹʱһỊ̄ǴﵽǹһȻһľ硣
һǹ֮ַһĩڣһصżеõؼᲢۡ
ַؼоؾ磬֮ǽֻżһǹһˡ
Ŀǰǹ뼯ɵؼȣϻս죬ӵַ㿹
սţҲֻűӣѩĵܷܵڳɳ֮󣬲ѹǿߡ
ȻˣҲвǱ
֣ʤĶˣȴҪѷɫһˣҲҿ첻ԼĵˣҪȻַڱɱ죬õĩڣʹΪԼǿ֡
ַŵ㣬ǿԽԷϵŵܽΪԼãղһʹñǹ֮
˿ַ̿ʹһĻӿڷķ
ַںһĲ֮󣬲ԼսĵһʹһԶԶĳǹ
ַ˶٣ַɻеڵȴ޷ַһҲȫԸ˴ľģϾˡ

ַޱȵһֱؿڣ֮¶˾֮ɫ
һ̫Ѹ̫Ҳ̫˷˼ˡ
Ժ˶ӦԵİ취֣Լְ취޷ؿڵһ
벻ԼջӢϣ¶˾֮ɫһ̣ѪīɫͻȻȥеҲˡ
˿̵·ĩǰǸСŮ
ĶапϧƯŮˣԷɥʬɥʬ಻УӲĳ
뻳е˿֮ʱܵɢķ֮ʱȴĪ

һϤַ㼲۵ıڴ̵ؿڵһ̣ͻȻסˡ
ַһǸϤͻȻһҹԼ˫ľ
ٴУַǸо˫۾עһûǸŮУȴûһǸ˵ҹԼŮ
һͷ䣬ϡŮϣһһԼĿ⣬ַͻȻס
ǧֻأַŮһҹҹ
ᣬ΢ЦѾӵһ𣬱·ӵȫоһУѾ뵽ַһһ֡
һУȴ
ǰ䣬һֱעżμ󲻽⡣
˶Ǻɫˣиͬʱµַ㶨ǿ崿ò֮󣬲Żģ򻨽ؿڵһҲͻȻ˰С
˵ַ˿һʵȴɫһ˵ġ
μԼɫǣַһƯŮȴ򶷶ˣ˷·ʯһ㣬иǰ
ַȻˮƽŮֵزֻ´ʱڣΪһЦڷ̨ǰȼȡð榵ַǰʰ·硣
ϷȻһμѻҲԼСҲߣʵĹƼ
ַ㣬ڼս֮Уһȣ⣬˵ʤˡ
벻Ļս񣬵ǰҲס
ַֻһۣ㿴Ѿɥʬھ˿αװַȻһۿơ
һԼû档
Ҳ·صߣ棬档
ַҲһУǸԼ飬ڻַǿѾȥǧ꺮ҪĵƯŮ
ȴû뵽˻¼棬һɥʬһԶ޷һɥʬ
ԺʹԼԶѪУֻдѪάۣ֮ǿȻѪάԼ
ɥʬѪˮ
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һַҪĿ꣬˶вɥʬ
֣ʤ֮Բ벻׷ҲΪһ룬ɥʬС
ַͻȻ쳤ХԶʿоַ㳤Хе˸ʹҲͻȻƱա
˱ɫҲͻȻסˡ
ǲΪɱַ㣬ҪѰһ𰸣Ϊʲôַо
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ͻȻۣԺС
Щ£ٽ˳壬һ࣬Ұһƴıܣɥʬ׷ǵĻ档
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˼ͻȻƮĩ֮һͻȻ϶ҡҡλεɥʬ
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ڸҩˮ֮ͻȻʧˣôңûҵǸ˵İӰͷ·Ǹ˴ûгֹһ
ҩһȼǻۼߵĽɥʬڽһ˰ٻ֮ǣһֱ벻ס
ĵһǣҩˮɥʬ˭
һǣǸξе˭
ʱ˿̣Ѿ֪ԼǰӢˣĪĹϵ˵׾ʲôϵ
ĶҲסˣ˿⣬ȴ֪ԼϴʲôˣƯŮַУҲһѡ
˵ŮȻƯȴҲδسù̻СĪƷƼɫַͻȻɫ䣬ԷƯסˡ
ԼϴΪʲôأ
ȷӦǻ絶צֱץַؿڡ
ϴС˿СҪϮ㡭
ַһ㣬ȻճյĿ䣬·ûĶĻѾԼ޷԰Ρ
ͻȻַؿһʹʮָѾַƤңץַѪС
ַһʹڵľȻӿؿڣס˻ָļ롣

ʹ֮£ַٴ쳤ХǺԥĿ˵ڶεϵ۽
ַղѾһϵ۽οϵ۽ȴԶԶһΡ
ַĿǰʮ¿ϵ۽Ҳ޷ڵڿϵ۽֮ǿҲᳬʮ㡣
һΣڵȴﵽʮ㣬˵ˮƽӡ
ַϵͻȻǣַҲ·һͷޣав
ʱַһƳƵֱ˳ȥ
Уһͷѵϵ߹Ǽȫ۶ϣ࣬Ǳ۶ϵˡ
ǰһڣһʹĻ˹ȥ


290  ⻯
зɹĻҲ˹
ȻַкҪһˣ˫ڱϾǵжԹϵĽá
û˿ԥһסͬ߷һɹĻ
ʱԸе촽΢΢һţһںѪİȹϣƮݵĳȹȾһɽˮ
ַ㣬ϵĿֲǴﵽʮ㣬뻨ȣǿ˲һ㣬֮ǵ֮УҲֻۣϣǰֲ࿹ɣ
Ҳ֪ԼڹȥĽһǱַɱбһ뿪յصĴ㡣
ڽӹɹĻ֮󣬷شĻתӡ
䲻֪ǣַ㲢ûɱ˼κɥʬַ㶼ԥĻɱ⡣
ȴȥ
еμ΢΢һ㶣ַ㲻֪ʲôʱѾ뻨ǰؿ˵Ȼвǰˡ
һֵַ㡣
ӵʮַǰ˼ûˣϵ۽ַ֮㣬ԶԶǽܹ˵ġ
ַ㵭˵ɣ
£ɱ˶Է
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μҪȻ䡣
֣ǧñһʱŮۺܿصŮˣַϣ·ֻҲ᳹׶ˣ
֣Ӣ۾ҲҪԼʵУַ㿪ϵ۽ǰĻıɱԼĻԼȥҪң
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μȻĻ֮ӰԼԺ;ǰΪԼսҲ͸ǰˡ
ͶɥʬӵһУǰκʱֻͷ
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ȻַһҲĻȻŵ˼㣬ַڵʮ¶ԷһָͷҲһѴ
ղŻϮַ㣬ַرһˣôŹأ
ʱ˿ַ̣ȴ·ûһ㣬ֻζ䣬ȴһ仰Ҳ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôá
Ȼһȴ໥ʶ
ַǰļ䣬ĴΣֲ˵زʶһģһǰԵ
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ĶҲ֪˵ʲôˣַʣ㱻ץ壬ҲڸȾʬ
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ԼϴԵ˵ʱ򣬲Ǵ
ͻȻһΪһӢģվַĶ档
ַкһϣ
ɥʬ֮ʢɥʬ֮һһУַҲԷ
ַҲ֪ϼǣԶԶǻŮᲢ۵ģԼϵ۽ԷֵĻҲûбʤİա
ʲôôˣڳĴ֮ѵ˳ɽ˱ǲɣ
μ¶ϲɫۣǲ߻Χǵɥʬ֮һκһڣвַ
һγԸַڽˣ
ַ˶Էۣ֪վڶĳϲˣһ
һԼͷܵвʱǸͷɱв䰲ȫˡ
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һˣַбü
ȥɣ
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ȻڱڣѾµ˱﷢ʲô£ǾԼϵͷַˡ
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ԼҪϽչأԼָ۷״̬»Ҫ뷨ۣҪȻǸյļһǼԼı˲ɡ
սŵϵɫĵʵүɫΪʲô
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̾ɥʬַ࣬ǲַ㣬ַҲŹǡ
Ժ飬Ŀǰǲò£۽Ҫأ˵֮ﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣʱɥʬУµʮӿԽ֮⣬֮еǿǣ۵Ķˡ
ҵԤ⣬ڳ֮һҪɱĿһַ㣬ȻַҪһЩӵдƵˣԻصֶζԸֿۡˣͬھĻǵʱͿԳû׳ǵ򰵺֮ˡ
˵𽫳ʱдǿҵļɵ֮ɫ
Ȼûм뽫µʮ˸ӣµʮ˸ӣȴɥʬκǿ߶ǵĴڡ
ʮ˸ӣϣۣԼ鲼µɥʬͬ
ϣ۵ˣǶĩٵʱǿҵķ䣬巢죬ųΪɥʬġ
ȴĩ֮ǰɥʬΪɥʬʼ棬γʱʹڣ˵ӵв
ϸ˵µʮӣǲɥʬĺڰ
ۣǾά߷ʱűɥʬģֻαڰǵ˽뽫ĵǰֻһĴڡ
½µκһӣԽ֮䣬˳ۡ
ĺڰ٣¸ǼΪ͵ǸϣЩαڰһŲ֪ɣ
ӡУɥʬʼ潫Ĵڣֻڴ˵뽩ʬԼĵӾС
ȴ֪ɥʬʼʵڵġ
ַĿĴȴûзֻӰȻǳߵˣӿȻʧɫʱһȺ˴ӵμΧ˹
ַ㿴μ˵μȻҳңȴΪ㣿
һߴַַ㣬˵Ĭ𣬵ҲΪ˵Ĭ㡭ҿԸ㣬㣬ɣûбҪһҪˣɡ
вϴĶһ˵һʲô飬Ҳϴ˵ŲСүһ㣿
ߴ˱Ķһ䣬ǲ˵ַµĵһŴݰĶɣ̨ͨϽн̨ͨҲ棬ʵУҲҡ
ʲô
Ķһεڵأԭǰ˾̨ͨսаң֮ϣΪһĽ
ѽѽôǿߣôȫԼأ


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˵ĶݰϹеĻұ㴦ã
ĶȻӦս¶ˣ¶С
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Ķʵ˵ϴϹеĻĶ㴦ãҲϴ𣿡
Ķתַ˵ĩִַ˺ôͷɽ̨ڻɱ־һɱַ֮ʢĿǰ˵ǻĵһˣȴҪˣɱ㣬ҽǳԽսĴˡ
ַεϵ۽͸֧Ϊأϵķһս
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ӵеϵ۽ˣֱ˾ϮĴ½ϵӰսʱ򣬸ڴѾǿ֮ĩˣֻһֻɱ˰ɣɱһˣɱжѾʹֽ꣬ƣˣӦò̫ѣ
ַ¶һı֮ɫɵűɾٶ٣˵ζˣַȴǵһμ˵ȷ̫ûƷˡ
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֮ǿͬ£Լһ֮䣬Ƶ䣬Ҫ˵ˡ
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ǰΪǲԹʵˡ
һ££һ˵ˣôһʢƴ˵Ķأ
ˣԭǸ˵ģ֪̫ˡ
ѽԼΪ̨ͨսаλеһǿߣĩڣԼġ
һԱԼе֮顣
ĺѾƣѾ޷κˡ
壬ͬСһ˵ڵأһĿı飬ˣ̨ͨϵսеһĽ䡣
ַĿ⿴μ˵ˣ
ַע֮£μʱе䣬Իмʮǿսʿ뻤ûʹε
ַ仰μԵļʮױĸ֣໥һɫһٶȣͷ˷˹
ӣܵӰ١
μҲܣַע֮£ȴһҲҶ
ҪɱҡսˣһжɷϹָʾģԩ޳ôݺ㡭
ַȻ֪μں˵˵ֻĸϣ֪ѾͶ˰֮ǡ
ɷָʹģǱ˵ɷҲͶɥʬ
⵱ȻܣɷͶɥʬĻۻڳΧʲôأ
ַȻҲɱμȴ֪μһԼҲûа취ˣ˵ԼѾ֪μʵݣҲڱǣκεķˡ
Լʱμ˵ԼҲټˣʱԼ˵ʲôҲܽˡ
Ⲣַ㲻ɱμɣɱμǣѾƣҲ޷ˡ
෴μŵӶֵĻַƬ֮ᱻμɱ
Ȼ߻һĶμĶ£μԻ֣һ˫ĴĶǱɡ
μȴַ֪ʵַֻҪվţͿɱ˵Ĵ˵ӲԭһҲҶ
ַ˵һȥɷ죬ɷָʾĻһŹ
μһ֪ԼСסˣû뵽ȴǣַ˿ҪĴҪֻҪŵӶַ㶯֣ľַģϧѾ˵
սˣְĻǧȷ
ߡ
Ķ⵽ַɫ԰ףûжμնɱҲһԸѵԼϴƣ͵ֵز
Ķû˵ʲôǰסַ㣬һ뿪μսָӲ
Ȼ֮ңַѾϵĺˮ͸Ǹо̶̼·;Լȴ·ǧ
ĶһԷȻоԼԽԽأ˫ȸͬǦһޱȡ
ַĶıӰһ֪˳μĵ˵˾ַģѾǽƣˣΪʲôղŲɱ
ַߺ£μһ
ִ̧һ˵ҲΪģˣѵҲұַɱ˲ɣ
Żһ˵ǡ˾˵ǣ¸ղǺ˵˵


292  
ճμս˾ַһͷεԱĶţûеˤڵء
Ķд󺧣ĩǵһμַҲǣַȻǿĶ󣬵Ͼһˣһ̨֪ƣĻ
ھս֧֮˹ȥĶҳɣַ㣬һ̵ĳԼסȥ
ֻҪصԼס֣ʤ죬˱ᱣԼʱɷҲκβԼϣμ˲Ҫϴεϳ˲źá
ȻĶһսʿַεĶߵĻ档
дϲħڽƣεˣһĶ赲һȺ˵Χַһˣ
սʿϢμʱĲμļνǴһ⡣
ǿ˶ʱԼǰ˸ǸӰȥٵĶ⣬ǽΰأ涫ϱ
ģַǸħҲεǿôεأյ֮ߣղûҵɱҵĽڣŲֻ֣ҪһȥɣСԴת䣬±Ī뺦𡭡
սʿηѣԭַƻ߻˲֣Լ˾ӺʹҿԼûвƺĳȥҪȻֻԼôĶ֪
ַҲõ˼ңε֮Ȼŵμκζ
˷ַܷ֮׻ΪμĵӣȾ󲿷ҪС˺ܶࡣ
ҲμҲ̫˽ַˣַɱ˴ںʲôڲڵģֻҪΣȫ飬Σȫ£ԥɱ˶Է
ȭͷνĽ壬Ϊ˵ַ㣬κ˶֪
μռȫˣַȻ飬ҲǲɱԷѾƣ͵òˡ
һƿһеַ˵˵Ψһһ⡣
ҲϣμֻһС´μʱһƾͿ԰ѶԷĳַ࣬ʱвЩգ֪䡣
ǻĻɱҲɱˣȴ֪ԼܣҲɱģƵǣȴ޷ʬ
ʬ޽⣬һһˡ
ַŲ֪Լ䣬һУԼھʧ֮£ޱ޼ʵɥʬȺУҲ˳Ⱥɥʬצ֮£ַ̾Ϣѡ
˵ʹһѵһԼҲҪѧ֣ʤֻ
뷨ҲѣַΪԼû֣ʤ
֣ʤڿǹԼమӵʱжôġ
ȥ֮ѾҹˣַϢʮСʱַսǱеĴ֮ȫָ˹
ȴ֪ԼٵΣûйȥ
ٴοϵ۽ʮСʱʱ䣬Լܹϵ۽Ѿʲôˣμ֪ܡ
ҪɱԼĻʮСʱĻˣһʱġ
Ҳѹסˣѱ֮ǲǿЭ䡣
μİ֮£ɥʬеǿǣȫ֪Ǳ˱ڲμԼڱڵİȫ޷õϡ
Ķأ
˵СѽһμﱻŮɥʬĥĲᣬ־ľţֱڻء
š
ĶַðСĴǣһΣǰԼһյأμĵСһĻԼƽ
Լһһ˵սʿȺף˵ɢҲɥʬƣʱԼҲСˡ
ںȫ˵ȻԺԸԼ׷Լȫڱڡ
һе鷳ĶǳģԸ񲻼ĻԼıӻҲ˵պĳǿС
ڳۣϣĸҲǺǵĴڣнᵮ֣صĺڰҲӰǰ̨
˿־ǣĩڣڰɥʬ佫ճ
Ϊɥʬʼ֮һĽһеļףԼЩνǿ࣬ǰСƵĴڡ
»ǿַ㣬ǿϼڽǰȻûһ㻹ֵ
һУ䵽˶԰Ķ孾ڣ뵱صϣ֮Ǳһǰìܣһ֮䣬季ʮϣ֮ǱΪƽأǧ
µʱ˵ʱᣬȫϣ֮ǣҲΪ˾ǵĴڡ
´˰ǿϣ֮ǣҲǶλɥʬʼ档
ڽĳȻᾭ֣ҲЩναڰҪȻѾˡ
ַȴ֪ԼεأҲ𽫳עģԼһһֱվȫ۷ǿߡ
⵱Ȼ𽫳ע⣬Լǿ󳬹˽޶ȣӵ˻ɥʬȵʱԼ뽫Ա⡣
֮ǰַֻо͵һ㣬ٵĻԼĶǵëܸԼĴԼ͵һ㶼
֣ʤСĽĵϸȻ£ַҲǺܷģĶ˾ͲһˣǰððʧʧģẦܶˡ
һΣԼһҪúùܹС
ϴ벻ңҵϴۻˣұҲӦõģ㲻лҡ
ԣϴôգĶַˣиһڵĽܣ·۵ӰеĹŻУڳһ͸ʲô

ַһĶӴקʹǱˤ˵ϡ
ʱ֣ʤѾ⣬ȴûǰȰַ˼
ǶǸϹֵġ
ڱսܲĶûûεļһȻȥֹŮˣǳһһ㺦ַ㡣
Ҫ˵ַѵĶҲǰʹСһ١
ַеֱ£ֺĻĶƨϣĶƨϵĿѪˮ͸˺ںɫ
ĶҽһоԼƨɺó˺ü룬˺ѷεʹǽʹ
ϴˣҿСѽ
صļһʱ̻ȥֹѰģμƵȦУõĻΪǻܻŻ𣿡
ϴұԩǵȦױǳģҲҲȥġ
ĶĻû˵ƺҲе
ɫԻ󣬲ǳҹȨĻôᱻҵץأ
ҽƱ磬㲻μǳᣬôܽץߣôȦ׶Ըң
ĶʱԼڻֹеȷ̫ɫһ㣬ﰲŵǼᣬڴ֮УǾҸֵġ
ҪȻľٶע⣬ַֹȥ
ĶŵǻƱ磬Ѻڵ˵ף׵˵ڵģôܲƱأ
Թ𣬻ǸС̫Ưˣ˿ģǸѽǸ˶ܲˣĴɷܵˡ
Ķڸģ޳ܽƱģſڴֵ̨޺˵ɫߣʱˣڸģָ磬ҿ㻹Ǵɫ߰ɣ
ţ
ַ˵ͷеûͷûԵĳĶϣϴȥÿһεʹòᡣ
ĶԴɱĲҽͬʱеԼϵ߹ǣַеˡ
ĶʱĿ־ˣϴһǶԼʧ˼㣬ֲŻܣԼֻгˡ
ϴѽС첲Сȣɼܲסѽĩ֮ǰǺĩ֮ҿֵܣôѽ
ַȻûһ˿飬û˿ͬ顣
ΪˣѾʹĳޱȣ첻Ķ֪ǵëĻ˵죬һ¼䡣
ַǰѣźĴĶϡ
һᡣĶ㱻˸Ѫ죬ϵ·Ѫˮʪ͸ˣģһҡ
֣ʤҲֽš
ַ˷ŭһʧִĶɣĶȻҪһ𴦵ľˣġ
˰Ŀϡ
ڵ˵ǱңСʲôʱˡ
Ҳ֪֣ʤ˼ǾϣΪĶ˵仰ЩУַǰ˵á
ַֹ㣬һӴˣ˵ĻǸɫߡ
ʼ˵ֻܽȥȰȰָ磬ɲǱ֤ʲôɵĻǿɱԹҡ
ڣΪĶ飬ַ˵ģҵֵܣַ飬ҲһӴġ
˾һĶǸ˵档
֪ԼϴǸԳеˣ˵ԼһԼԼڿˡ
ַ漴ֲһһ

⻰ĶоǰٴκڰɵĲҽһͬʱ۷ףε˵ϡ


293  ʮ̫
ԼˣĶǸѽȻַ¶ĺϲҩˮȴ顣
ַղֺúݣǴ⣬ٸǹֶΰˣѵΪԼ԰СãԱè޺ӵļƭ
ַ㵹ޱ飬ûϣĶԭԼֻϣСܹסνѵԺҪԼ鷳ˡ
ַҲ֪ҪĶ֣ĶμӻĳҹҲڽӽĶ
ʲôˣˣˣһнпܡ
·֣ʤϣ֣ʤ˼һˣԼڴ󵽽лŮĵزɣ
ﵹֻ˵һ£ǾǶԷĲ
飬֣ʤֻܶԶ֮Ķȴȴ֮ãϸһ£ԼҪòûòԶַ㣬ˣΪʲôּĴŮ࿴أ
ϵ飬ûŮСӵЦĶϻһ£һıˡ
ĶڼƯŮ֮󣬼ﵽʹˣϣԼٴܹ𵽵ͷȵá
ĶƭμսָӲַȥˣҲջ֪˳˭ɥʬᡣ
ߣ֪䣬Ҳ֮ϲ
ڵ֪ɥʬַ֮֮ҲйϾţѾַϲˡ
޷ϵʬȻϣЩĵа֮һ
۴ԼǸ׼֮ҲöԸһ㣬ȴĻαװҲǱ۸ѲĴڰɣ
ȻҲɥʬеһԱû۵ײϵĽթ˵պϳԴͷ
ɥʬƲַҲϣ䱻·ԼĻɱ䣬ҲۣĶħһȫĶ
ַһ߸Ķϲֹʹҩ࣬һ˵ҪӭһǰĶսսʿʱǲɢˣֻ˼սʮǿǿһĶҪôһӲ̵׼
ϴѸľ󲿷ֵǶǲɢˣΪ˶Ӧⳡս𣿡
ţ죬֮ǿһϮǣҪҵϵ۽ûп֮ǰĽһλᣬǱҵĻԸˡ

Ķӿһ˿ж˵֮ǵķڼǵĿûг׻ַָ㣬ַߵսʿȻԽԽá
Ϊ˵İȫַȴǲɢ
ĩ֮Уλǿ߲ԼΪģַѵˣ˵޽С
ַһԼĵƣϵ۽ȫرգ˵ٷ֮ԻΪԼȥ
ַ֪һƭֵ£ȻԥĴ˹ȥһ㶪Լʱ˿̣ĶǻںޣַԹ֮Ҳɡ
Ҳַ֪֮ʹһ٣ҲǺɸֵ˼
ַȻû̫Ĳ֮ǲɢЩսʿΪ֪֮ɹǿߣǵȻܶ࣬Сӡ
һսʿǣֻһɥҲﲻԼ̫æǲɢǣַŲԸЩԼְ߰ء
Ķȴַ˼ΪַǰϧԼͬǵŽ뿪ġ
ĶҲнʮֵַܣʱ̣ȻҪַ㲢ս
ַߺ󣬻ȷûΣգٴλصμսָӲŮַϿֲﵽʮ㣬һѾͰѻƳ˽ף˻ϵȫ߹ǣ뵽ЩǱһľɫ
ڻ޸ǿûе
㣬ô죿
μûûĻǿͨ˽һ¸ղŵ
ڼμ֮μϲĽ˻뿪֮û˵Լַŵ·ˣֻ˵ַϣǱ˻ȥ
䵱ȻĻһֱ㱣֪ôһ£û׷μٳЩ
ȴʧһľ׷֮£μ˵˽ɱ顣
˼һ˵ӣŹֵĺܣ˵ǲǣ
֧֧ᣬе겻ģԺֻǷַб˵񣬻ʻȻǶţˡ
ҿҹַһأҪȻ콫Ҵ֮콫Ҳ˵ڿϵ۽֮ڶʮĸСʱ֮޷ٴοǻʮСʱʱ䣬ʮСʱ֮ڣַֻʮ㣬ɱõĻᡭ
漴ЯͨѶۣһᣬ۳ªݱʾͨѶʾϣȥϣ۵ľԵرá
⼸ıչأʹ۸涼˴ֻҪһζĻ̥ˣľŻá
˾ǲǼƻʧˣ
ı۳𣬻Ͻ͵ֻǳɹһ룬ַѾشˣڸǶ֣ԸַһȻ⣬ַߵǿȴ̫࡭
ҽߵʮ̫ɹȥǣһΣһҪɱַ㣬׹ƱǣֻҪǹ˱ǣʳʮֵ֮úüˣʱȻٲݵһݡ
ʱϲ⣬µʮ̫ףʮ£ôǿһʱҪɱַ㣬˵練ˡ
ڷʮ̫һȫĵİۣ֮֮һˣĺڷʮ̫
Ŀǰɥʬ֮У˺ڷ簵֮֮⣬ûһ֮ľǿߡ
˵ʮǿߣÿǿߵﵽʮǵ֣һ㰵֮ǳҲ˶١
ʮǿң֮Ȯ
벻۽˴󷽣ȻɳԸַ㣬۹ȥԼʵ֮ͬʲôʱתˣ
۽֮˴󷽣˴ͻкܴĹϵ̶̼֮ڣ˺ų̈ף໹һʱ䣬Ϳʵͻƣ̥ˡ
ڼ˷֮£۲ű˴󷽣Ļ˵֮ȴЩˣڷڵĻ»ᱻЦ
ЩɽȫȥЩ᲻ãתһ룬⣬Լɳ¾ǿߣȻҲҪѪ
漴˵˾Ǳɱַ㡭
˾ģʮ̫ɳˣεǿɱַȻСһ
⻹ȥҳϣµ׷ʮҲϣȷжһʧ
ʮ׷
һӱסˣڷ簵֮򰵺֮֮ȫĵİ֮ǰéΪǿ
Ϊ֮ǵʵԶԶ֮ǣкڷʮ̫ʮ׷
֮֮ϵĸѵΪɱһַ㣬ͶӴǲ̫Ƶַˣ
ϳ֮󣬳ϵĵһ仰û£
ϵЦݶʱȥԳϱʾûֶ֮Գ˵۵
׷ʮǳһƣԿӰҪӣȻЩµľǣȥִǳ
ϵ֪۰µʮ̫ǵʱԳϵҲһĲ֮ɫ
Ȼ֪ڷʮ̫Ժڷ簵֮жôҪ
ѵ⼸ıչأĽ˵زƾԼͿԺ£ﵽ˿Ӻڷʮ̫ĵزһ㣬Щɽ
Ȼɳµĺڷʮ̫Ҳܲóһ㱾ǮҪȻ֮ǵķ飬µĽڡ
Ͽɲ󷽣ֻɳ׷еˡ
ɳ׷еǿߣµĺڷʮ̫Щ֮ǵľǿ߼һ𣬲Ҫ˵ɱַ㣬ڲ߸Ƕûκ⡣
ر¶˺޺޵ı˵ַ㣬һΣǰ֮һҪĺѿ


294  þò
ָ磬˺öɥʬɱȥ𣿡
ɱȥһҲܽˡ
ַҲаŭԼȻܿϵ۽ȴѾָԼʮǿսɱﵽʮĴڣû̫⡣
밵֮ǵɥʬǣΪԼܿϵ۽ΪԼѾ;ĩ·׸ĵزǸԼʱԼˡ
ǵ뷨ıϣĽ֣ӦҲ뱻Լɱ˽ȥɣ
ַ֣ɣģ
к˸еǹǺͬҪвơ
ɼ˲ԣֱһ
֣ʤˣһҲĦȭƣЩˣȫǿߣڽĿУﵽʮ
֮ɳǿϮ۸ɥʬ֣УȻݺݽѵѵЩɥʬǿߡ
ߣҲһԼսﵽʲôز
֮Уڻ䣬ڷʮ̫Լ׷Ĵ£ٶ֮ǿѾɱַס
һﵽʮսʿոͼɱɥʬûļ֣㱻һ߽׵ɥʬǿץס˫ȡ
ɥʬǿ֮£ǿߵֱӱ˺룬Ѫˮɥʬǿǡ

ɥʬǿһ߿ЦһͷܱߵѪˮ
Ȼ޾ɣԴϴμսָӲַ֮ҲǹȥǸһƯŮˡ
ɥʬҲû̫Ѿʧǵ䡣
ɱǿߣ򰵽ǿ֮УﵽʮǿߣҲǿĴˡ
ɥʬԶԶ࣬ͬ£ɥʬĶ֡
̨ͨĥսǿ˸еֲԻʮҲɵɱһﵽʮǿߡ
ɥʬǿ߽һѣһﵽʮսʿ˺룬ѾȾİڳˡ
󺺵ķΣϳǺڷʮ̫еǿߡ
ɥʬԼʮңսȴҪȰ֮ͬʮɥʬǿǿ˺ܶࡣ
ڷʮ̫Ȼֲס
ڷʮ̫һֵַĻƬ֮䣬Ὣַ˺Ƭڷʮ̫֮ǣȷʵ졣
Щɱɥʬֵ
һԼҲڶʮǿߣֱղɱһսʿɥʬȥǿߣپŭЩΡ
ղű˺սʿֵܵĹϵҪȻ˷ŭ
սʿȻղű˺˲࣬սȴҪλѾȥսʿҪһ
սʿû˵ղɱ˵ɥʬǰͻȻһӰһΣ󺺵Դֱ˳ȥ
һɫ·ֱֳɥʬվǿߵĲԶһ㿳ǿߵԴ
ǿûԴ֮󣬾Ѫˮ˰׶ߣʬ廹ûԵɥʬס塣
󣬺ɥʬֱӽ͵սʿľͷ̰Ѫˮһ˷֮ɫ
ɱĺá޲ôԱԼϲ֮顣
ղųɥʬڳ׷֮һɥʬǿߡ
ԭһһںҹĴ˵ָʮ׷˵Щɥʬǿ֮ݲûκĴڿԻ
׷֣˵ģڷʮ̫׷һַ֣㣬һ£ô
¶˵΢ЦÿǸǸ߸
ֻҪַ첻ǰ֮ززĻԼЩǿС
ַΪǿߣΪȫϣҲǾߵģˡ
ͻȻһ׼ȷʳսʿѪˮɥʬϡ
ϸǵƹսʿʬִ֮˺׷

һ̣׷屻һŭǹ߸˰С
ڿʹͬ飬ɥʬɫ䡣
׷ڷʮ̫⼸ɥʬȺɥʬӡУ׷ʮ̫еκһڣвַǿ
ղ׷һУ֮ǵɥʬǵĵһӦΪַˣȴһȻزʶȴʮס
ϣżŭı飬죬̨ͨսаλеĵһǿߡ
һŵͬ䣬ԵüΪŭѪֻѪϴˢһҪɱͷɱ˵ɥʬԼͬ鱨
챩һһǹ֮С
еɥʬ֫ϵٵĹܿﵽ˱ࡣ
ոճĶ˾ʵһĻȲʣȴΪ죬ΪɥʬȲʣеɥʬȻһ֣ȻԼ嵱һ˺ü
ѵͲ³
ĶĵĻеģһ̣еɥʬͻȻըƮ
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ѵ֮Уַ֮⣬׵ǿ
μҲǱڵˣȻַʵʵûֻĵ˵ڵַѾη塣
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¶˲֮ɫµĺڷʮ̫ĴڣһСܶԸ˵ģ
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ʱ̧ͷǡÿɥʬĴֽҪץСŮϣۼ˿ɰŮҪ䣬з˵ѷֵĸо
̲סеСģ
һڣо˲ͷԼɥʬȵˣôԼĵ˵İȫˡ
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ϧĿУСŮһ˿⣬һ֣һɥʬؿڡ
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ۡ
ǵֱӶɥʬǿߵ壬ֵͷɵŮУΪһıɥʬ˵ڵء
ʮ̫֮һɥʬǿ߾ʹ˱
ͻȻһСŮֵٶȺÿ죬Ȼһ֮ڣͿɱʮ̫֮һɥʬǿߣɥʬķΪǿʮ֮µĹȫӣȻɱ
ѵղǸСŮǵ⣬ѾﵽʮСŮŶͣ־ֻ˶
ѵСŮһĳ
ղеǵԼĻԼһ޷Ӧַԣľǿߴ
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ɱʮ̫֮һɥʬǿߣлеЩ޲ߣ۵İԵ֪ԼһԼƤŹأ
μɰԼӿˡ
һűһװ˻߳Ŀ䵽ϣĿԵһ
俴ˣҲͷˣ¶һɬ֮ɫ
ַ㣬㣿
ղϵ˷֮ɫˣ֮һĿֻš
ַղŵͬ飬ӵɱʮɥʬǿߵҪ˵лս֮Ƶַˡ
ַ㲻ϵ۽ǿɱȻ˸е־壬Ҳ֣ʤ˸ֲ׵ǿߡ
죬ԼҪһǰĿսˣԼܲջŻȥҲһδ֪֮
ַ˵˾þò


295  Ͷ

ɥʬǿ߷һͺһַ㡣
Ҳ֪ĵֻҪַһǿ߱Ȼɢ
Űĵһ㣬ղųֵɥʬǿߣԺڷʮ̫еɥʬǿߣַȻǿûϵ۽֮ǰǿԼҲղųǹСࡣ
ڷʮ̫еλɥʬǿһֵַ֣ˣַһԼɣԴЩɥʬǿߣȫˡ
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һϣ
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ַһټ۵ıĹԣɥʬǿӲʮ֮Զʹ֮ĸо

𾪵סԼԸеС죬Ŀ¶ŵĿַɥʬǿߣÿ˵ؿϣһֲѪ
ԭַһɥʬǿ֮תɥʬǿ߸ˣһֱעսֵĻڣǾûпַղġ
ûпֻ̣ǿ˽
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УַֻһɥʬǿߣܹһǿߣѾкܶɥʬеǿҵˡ
ֱַɥʬصʱɥʬŷԼͬزѪ
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ԭеǿҲֲ
ַ𺳵ЧҲһȣԭսҲ졣
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ַҲǰ̾ս֮ǿԶԶɥʬǿߣµսǿߡ
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ѪսѾӽβսʿ֮У˽ʮˣЩˣҲһսʿеٮٮߣѪս֮УȻ˲ء
ҲַΪʲôʱǲɢսʿԭڣֻҪ΢һ㣬ȺǿɥʬǿС
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ַ˵ֻƭԼˡ
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ַ㣬֪ƭǵģ㲻ǵն뷽跨ƫǽǲĹƵġ
Ķ֣ʤŻȻԭַŮնѳƭȷǸơ
ַŮɥʬҲʶַ⣬һڻؾ
ַҡҡͷ˵ҲûĴ㡣
ûĴ㣬Ǳס֮㲻ѪǽҲģ㣬Խǽϵʬ𣿡
ַ̾Ϣһȷⲻ˻ϵʬҲ֪ѪɥʬŮǶǻǴȴ˶ѡ
ڻǲǰݼڰˣû䣬Է˵仰ȤûС
ǽþͶ޳ն
ҳȫ㣡
ַеıΪһ⣬ֱ̻࣬ԼѾ˵ҪƹˣȻִԲֻɱ
ַһʵ̫죬֮ǰκһ
˿ѾƣҲ޷ܣԱַۣеı̴࣬Ǹ¶һ˿ѵ΢Ц
ĩԼɱôˣΪ˻ȥѣԺԼԳ׽ˡ
Ķе˿࣬ȴͻȻһᡣ
޶˵ĻҪַ㽣Ļиǲһ


296  
Ҫ
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˵ַһսָӲ͸˶ַ٣ʱӦĶԲߡ
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ַССٽַ˵Цμ̫Ҳôһˡ
μָٽ˵ܹĶԭɷˣôûأԭһֱһֻǣ
μ֪ɷΪʲôŲˣԭɷ԰һԵףһһʱ㱨ɷ졣
찵֮ǲȥɱַ㣬ɷĻֻԼˣһ̣μ̵ɷز¶ֶΡ
ܹǸλϵˣĸҲǱԼȴ˵ֱҪˣԼǸˡ
ܹ˼˵˾صĵڶս㣬ѵΪ˾ûƺֶϽԸһСΪ˿ס˾µЩʿ
μ̾һԼµļʮΪʲôɢ죬ԭܹڱġ
µȷ˼Լɷ죬ԼѵԼǱӦˬ
ܹͷַ˵սˣ˾Ȼк˽˶Թⶼ֮ڶ˾˼ϣ˫ĿǰܹЯһ¶⣬ɥʬ
ַĵͷ˵֮ǰĴ㡣
ܹˣ˵Ŀǹе磬μ߱ģ벻ɷ»
ַ㾴˵ǣǰϽݣΪ˿סμĸԸμߵһٽ
ɷоӵĿַˡ
ԴƣսУܹǱЩر˾Աߣǵһһ


297  ֵܣһ·ߺ
úáɷ졭
ɷԼ԰۾μʱòᣬԭԼΪɷƿ֮С
μܻģܹǲΪ⡣
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ȴˣ֧Ӳģ˾Ͻģ˾λ϶죬㲻˾ʱ԰ս˾λϸȥ
ܹĻ˵Ȼ࣬μˡ
ɷУֻһӶѣҲɷ첻һΪǵľ˾ȴų˭Դ
ЩԴԸģ㣬ҪջȥʱֻнԼһн
μˣɷҪջһˣֻһп޵ˡ
Ҳ죬һλĽڶսְ˭ڶսȴԶֻɷ죬ԼսеӰӽǡ
ȻɷԼ԰ܹԼ۵飬Ӧ֪ˣԼ۽Ӵܹ
죬ǻ֮Ӧò쳣Ϊʲôȴϵ˽Ŷأ
Ȼףμȴûʱ䣬Ҳûȥѯһˣμŭţ·һķ蹷һеܹ
һμԴ߸߷
ַһ̧ͷϡԿ˿μϳԾı飬ϵıѾԶҲתˡ
ܹ˱ַһ˿ɫ
ٽʵȴϽ˵ֲףȻѾ֣ʤ˲ˡ
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취ȷܹɷµıʿļƲߣȻӢ̶ַ̼ͬĵһ㣬ɷҪִƲߣȴҲЩѴ
ܹɹƭĻҪս˰ɱǲУϾǵʱֲǿߣ֮гսˣûܹɱǡ
ϵȷ̫ǿˣһĻһһսİգһǵĻɱһңֻ˵Ϊ㱣֤ʲô
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գԼڿϵ۽֮Ӱľһսַ͸еĺѡ
Լϵ۽ˮƽӣﵽʮѾȫŻ˳ϵӰԼϳϱ˵Ļֻ»ʤϣһ롣
۵ֻڳ֮ϣԼʤϣ͸ˣԼΪ汱ڶΧģȴġ
ûдӦֻܹ˵Ϊ
ִܹɷ죬ַ̻ɷԹȥΪĻ⣬ϣַܹ½⡣
ַҲ֪Щ̨滰ȻܹĿ׻棬ҲΪɷĻǷġ
˵˫ڻܳɥʬ֮󣬻º߲һܡ
ַ漴صԼסܹŵİ۳Ͻһ¡
صסַ֮ҲоߵսʿֽţȻҲ֪϶ڹ򱱾Ѿüˡ
˶֪ϣ֮밵֮ǵⳡսѾ뵹ʱˡ
ĶҴҵҵַ㣬һ˵ϴ󣬶Ҫɱ䣬˭ȰϴԼȥɣ
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ַҲ֪֣ʤǺֵˣֻ֣ʤΪʲôˣ뻨ˣ
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ȻǼսʿַػ䣬֣ʤҪɱɥʬŮ˫ִ
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ַսʿַʩһ񣬲˵֣ʤղŴ˽ǵҪɱеĻ䡣
֣ʤַ㣬Ȼŭ˵ϴ벻ףǶɥʬĴУҲ״ΪʲôҪӻǣ㲻ĶֵĻնǺˣ
ַ̾һҲ֣ʤԼԼ뻨ȷԵ̫ðʧˡ
Լߵ˲⣬ɷ첻ΪӦɥʬͷöĻ˵ҲԼһ˽ͨɥʬǻĺðӡ
ַ漴ӲĳֻҪģǧָʲô
һԼĿǷͽԼһֲɣ
㲻ɱǣá
ϴҸˣʱ䣬֣ʤûжײһ£ȴͬɥʬѵ˵Ӧʲô𣿡
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ַһ̧ͷʱڴֵĽڱеĻҵģʱɫһ䡣
仹һ㣬ֻͷȫױɫЩѪ졣
һԵĻѾʮֲֿ¶棬ϸǴźüŧģĵͼɥʬȣҲû̫
ַ֪ȱѪ󣬲Ż˿ֲ
״ȥĻϵʬԽԽأһµʱڲʳѪĻǾͻö
вսսʿȡϵѪˮ£Ǳָܿ
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仹ʵʵŵϣ絶ʮָѾʼڼӲǽץǽϵˮƬƬץ䡣
иǲϵķͺȻʧȥǡ
ģҲ֣ʤɱǵԭ֮һ
ʬ䣬ַһʹȻعͷòɵĿ˵Ҳ׼һָͷ
ھҪȥɱǣ
ң
ᵶ֣ʤַҲˣڷŭ֮һȭ֣ʤؿڡ
֣ʤַһȭ岽һѪ˳
ڵĻ￴ϵѪŷʮָץͼϵѪˮȥϧţ޷ӴϵѪˮ
֣ʤͻȻЦѪ֣ʤַ¶һ˿⣬һǷ䣬һһҪȥ
ȴû뵽ΪֲĿǷ˸ֵܷĿ
ַȴΪԼʲô䣬ǴɥʬȣͬҲͬͬѪɥʬ
ʱĶ죬Χ˹ȫԶԶվһԣ֪˵ʲôá
ַȷЩ̫ػɥʬŮˣ֣ʤɥʬŮļ̫ǿһЩŵֵܷĿ
֣ʤ˵һһٵ˵ĩֻһ硭ҲԶ֣ʤΨһĴ硭ֵȷǵͬΪıȥûдЯû֣ʤĽ졭
ղһƣһǷ´ж顭ԺصҵĶľšֵܲ
˵գ֣ʤײײĳȥĶ¡
֣ʤıӰʧʱ˲ŷַ㣬ݲ֪ʱҧԼ촽Ѫˮ䵽ؿڡ
һǧҹҹֵܸ飬һɥ
ַѪƣ˿Ҳ絶ȴûгҲ֪֣ʤԼ뿪ķԼɱ뻨
ֻҪ뻨һһǺֵܡ
ַȴԷģԼ˺飬Ҫһ֣ʤѡ뿪Ҳû˵ʲô
ÿ˶Լ·ҪߣҲ˵ˣͬΪı
ԼһǷģһҲҪȥܡ
ʧھͷ֣ʤַ̲ס˵ֵܣһ·ߺã

ͻˡʮʲôսַ㣬ĳϣڱǰһĴڡ
ձչأ̥ǣ˳Խɥʬľߣֱ׷ĺڰĺ󳾡
ʮѾʹվ۷壬Ŀǰ´ǿҲᳬʮ㣬ȴﵽˡ
漴ӵμţ˵ַ㱻ɱ֮ǵǿɷľ˾ѪսҪͬǸϽȥ֧Ԯǡ
漴ټеİڳҪ׼һ£һȥǣָ췭ظ
ͻȻ˵¶Ȼթ
һõ˵ѵֲԸ׷汾һȥ
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ҲʱԼҶײĻ˵ᱻһ
һ߰۵һС˵ֺαҲ°ˣ˾˾ɱַ㣬Ǵ˿ΧɷľĻ˾ΪʲôֱǣͨμϵǡѵμǵĹϵȻ˾˾ǻҪ𣿡
⻰һڳ׷׵ͷμŵȷ⡣
ϼ˵ҸҶԣ˾˾ڷʮ̫ҵ׷ǶѾˣڵǵģһһ߻˺ܾõľı


298  ޽
ַոսսǱɵ˹
ϴءа꣬ҡƵȥˣǲҪҿϴһȥսˣֻҪһȥҧЩɥʬ
ȥѵùɥʬ𣿡
𻨽ǿͲϷȻǰǿ̫࣬ɥʬеǿȣȴҲмĲ࣬ǱԷĻһ㡣
ʶȤı͡
ַսǱ֮а࣬ȷƵòᣬһַ棬ੲݣһ˹¶ˣʯͷ˵һ㡣
Ҳַ֪ƢֻҪԼ˵һ仰˵ᱻǸļһһȭҲ˵
ʱַ㣬һǰǰǲ֪ǿ˶ٱַ㿪ϵ۽֮ǿԴﵽʮ
ǿĿǰԺɨǿˣַ֮ǿԽ硣
ַͷ˵ȻҲﵽʮ㡭
ǰ͸ӴҲǰ˺üսǱ֮УַԴԴϵĽǿıʬӽ
ͷʲôҲֻǿЩǿı޵ʬ壬бͻͽﵽ벻ͻơ
ַĿ佱Ҳǫ˼䣬˵˼Լ޵ܵĻ಻ϲ˵
С˼ˣϴĳɳٶȲԶˣԺҪŬ
ţȷ߱űȽϵʸ񡣡

棬ѽ㲻޳ֵܵزɣ
Լǫ˼䣬ˣ֪ܵԿԼţħʲôʱѧĶԴ޵һˣ
ȴҶײַ㣬ˣȻ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ȻһֱսǱ֮УҲ˲ǰ֣ʤַ㶥ײ˼䣬㱻ַһȭ˵Ļ档
ħԼֵܶԼѪĶħĻһĺܲҡ
ϴһֻˮͰʲô
ϸѪ
ʲôȻ˵ǸĻ
սǱ֮УҲŹַ뻨һĻ棬ͻȻ˲õԤС
ѵħҪԼϵѪȥŮɥʬ
ŮɥʬǳĴڣԼһѪ㲻ǵθڣѪԼԼ
ϴ㲻ҪϵѪŮɥʬƷɣ̵Ҳó
¶ˣȻûа׸ôá
ûѽԸԼ´ˣˣôĹʬ壬ΪʲôȥЩʬȡЩѪιŮɥʬ
ַҡҡͷ˵Щȥʱ̫ãڵѪҺ̻߷ֽˣʳڸҲã˵ڣȥЩʵѪҺʲô
Ҳͬ⣬Ầҵģҿּ˵Ϊ
Ȼã
ҪҪҪɱģ˵⻰ǵĸ飬˻𡭡
ַҪˡ
СײеҪսǱ֮УŮĴڣֻҪַһ仰ҰԼƤƤװ
ˣʲô£𣿡
һϲַ㡣
ڵϵͳŮѾַͶأ£˭ַܱǿ֮ôżĸϵͳԼǿأ
ĵԸΪַ
Ż֮ǰģһģһĿɰСַҲа̾
ԼռʱһʮС
죬Ѿһʮ꣬ͤͤŮˣߣҲԼʶʱ˽һͷҲԽԽˡ
ǰȻԼոʶʱʮģԼˣȻһɰģɣ
ȥĴϷЩѪмá
ˣŶ١
ţ̫˾˷ˣͷһͰɡ
⻰һڣԵڵء
һ˵ϴΪϵѪˮſھһͰҵѪᱻŸɵģ
ַҲǣһӰϵѪŸˣͷ˲˵ԺԼȡѪˮˡ
ַ֪ĻɱĶС
ַĿڵǾͰͰɡ
УˮͰķ֮һһҲ
ַһ˿ɷ˵㣬˵㣬ѵͰѪҪ
ַ㷢ŭˣҲҽƱ磬˵һʤ߼ҾкãʩͰѪɣ˭֪үĳõġ
ҸһͰѪˮһҲ١
ϴղŲ˵ͰѪ𣿡
˭ˆ¡

뻨˼Ѫˮ֮ϵʬ߽ȥָֻյ
ַ̲ס̾ϢһԼսǱֻĻ֪Լ᲻ȥЩոȥʿǵʬ壬ȡѪ
ַǾȥðЩΪȫʿǵʬģҲܿԼǰ
ǾһʱѵԼҪһԼԺδĹϵ
ַ˱˸ط
ѾָԼǵĻ̲סʵַ㣬ʵ֪ǽöжôüֵֵѪǣ
ɻеģַֻǰǵնĻùǵûʮµʱ䣬Ҳ
ڣַȴǲôѪˮҲˣǺµѪˮѪˮӿڸ˵࣬Ǽḻ
ΪַŪѪˮЩոȥǿϵģַᱻȫġ
ѵԼҪļֵԽַðųΪΣգΥೣʶ
ַЩѪˮϵģǶҸûһüֵ
ͷ֪ʲô
һŵı飬ղʬʱֻͣȫɥʧ
ַ㲻ǰֵܷȫ̡
ֵͬܣһȥӴİ·
ַΪʲôղûѪˮгһȳζΪԼµѪַ֪սǱ
ַ֪սǱһֻѪͳ߹Ż˵жϰɣ
ַԼõһѺעıߴ
ŲϧѪˮǣϧֵܷͬĿҪԼͼıʲôء
˧ˣʵ̫ˡ
ɷƭ˺ǣڻûнǣӦѾʶɷļıˣϣ֮밵֮Ǵսʱ̾Ҫ٣ҿԱǣⳡս֮ǰܵκ˺
ʲôϾҪԱǷǿˣǿĻ֮ǵʧܴʧȻҲܴ
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һжΪ䣬һǷģҪڽ
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ַע䣬ٴ̾Ϣһı飬ƺԼϤĪһļ䣬Ժлʲôӡ󲻳ɣ˵÷顣
һжҪˣôҲΪ˵õĸмΪԼеͷͨɣ
ϣ֮밵֮ǵĵһսҪǰչ˵Լ֣֮ʱȻһᡣ
ΣΣֻҪҾͺá
ַ뿪ʱͻȻվ˵֡磬Ҿε㣬кҪһˣǰľ𣬵ҶҪ˵ллΪһУ
ַֻͣһ£ס˼ˮԼΪҲȫֲһųˡ
˽죬ַĴһӰ˳ڿԷۣһˡ
ԼһսлĻٳ׽ĸӹϵɣ
ַԶȥıӰҡҡͷʵ벻ףԼϻʲôطֵַãΪΪĻ̫ˡ
䣬ҷ˲ഫ˵ѪǸѪĿħǲɥʬĻˣҲǽõĸ
ǾɥʬҲԶ࣬ȻҲִ֪֡һǰʲôϵȴԶһġ
ΪʲôԣɥʬѪҲǺû֣ǽøѪҲˡ
㣬ǲܵģģִҲδػǽãվãִҵĸ鲢Ůָ֮飬һַչĵϽǣȫǽ𣿡
Ҳɻ״̬ת˹ַӢ˧ǿΪɥʬҲַϸƷ
ַǻսȫеľ䣬ȫĵôеĴӢۣմѪɥʬһأ
ַλػ䣬жַΰĽҲߵһġ
֮ģһ޽֣


299  ɥʬ
֣ʤһ·񱼣תۼ˱ǡ
иǶַʧ˼㣬ΪֵַԼһ׷ˡ
ȴַ֣ȻͬѪɥʬжɥʬеȴֻǺ⣬ĺ⡣
ĩһ»ʬʱɱԼӡ
ĩУΨһĿ꣬еɥʬԼеıޣƺҲַĿꡣ
ַ֮Էúܲһ
ַǴάǸɥʬ˾䣬һ֣ʤܲˡ
Ϊַ̰ͼɫŻģһֱЩ˵ַǺɫ֮ͽΪЩ޻̸֮
̻С磬ƯŮϲַ㣬ŶַͶͱġ
ڿһ¡
ַʵǸĶҪļһӵ˧ŮǰװһȻģֱ˵ʣƯŮķġ
ԴַΪֶƣһ㣬֣ʤҲУЩŮĸԸģַûǿǣҲûʲô
죬֣ʤȴַûƷĶûƷ
ĶҲῴɥʬȻŮɥʬǵԼɥʬҧĳɷ־Ӷ࣬ϾûɥʬŮһҸ㡣
ַȴ飬Ȼ˵á
ԼŵҪɱʱַһȭȫȻ˼ֵ֮顣
֣ʤ¶˼޵ı飬ԭַһʮαӣòʱ򣬱Ҳװȥˣ¶˱Ŀ
ͻȻ񱼵֣ʤǰ˼ͷҡҡλεɥʬֻɥʬɢСǿҲᳬʮ㡣
֣ʤ·ߵʱбһӣ㽫ǰɥʬնΪΡ
¸ղ֣ʤǰܵٶҲûнͶ٣Ǽɥʬʿ嵹صʱ֣ʤѾܵ˼ǧ֮⡣
иһ˵ֻҪɥʬȫɱ
֪ǲɺϣ֣ʤ֮󣬲ûɥʬ˼Сǿɥʬ
ǣ֣ʤһΣ顣
֮ʱ֣ʤЩɥʬʬһĭһɥʬȫɱ
ͻȻ֣ʤǰһһŮɥʬ
ɥʬ˫ץסһսʿ˫ۣɫŮɥʬ÷ʮָ׳սʿĺӲץüѪѪˮͬšˮͷһɿ¡
սʿûȥȴΪʹŤıΣϧɥʬαסһҲˣֻ岻ʱ󶶶
֣ʤֵǣɥʬûкսʿµѪˮȵǽսʿµѪˮʢһԲ̳ӰС
ɥʬ벻ϰıУͿϵѪˮž޴ջȻǿţһѪˮûк븹С
ѪˮȫװһԲεС
쵰
֣ʤŭһɥʬ
ɥʬ˴漴̧ͷǿһŭ֣ʤ
ɥʬտʼʱһϲʳˡ
ɥʬǰϵﵽʮ֮ʱϲ¶˿ֻ֮ɫԶɥʬ˫ӵһҲĶ֡
ϵֻжʮ㣬Ͳ֣ʤĶ֡
ɥʬӵսʿŮɥʬǰŮɥʬһŭƺҪŮɥʬϽ뿪
Ůɥʬҡҡͷƺߡ
ɥʬ״еķŭһȸղŻҪŭŭ
ŮɥʬΣʢѪתܣ֣ʤЦһܣԼᶯľż
֣ʤŮɥʬȴɥʬסȥ·
֣ʤ¶һ˿ЦɥʬֻжʮԶԶ֣ʤĶ֣֪˫צ֣ʤţзһǺŭ

֣ʤɥʬӹʱһɥʬĿڣ䵶ֱӶɥʬ塣
ɥʬ˵ڵصʱ֣ʤγ䵶ֱŮɥʬıӰȥ
ͻȻһͬ˸һ㣬һҲˡ
һͷ֣ʤŷԼ˫űɥʬαסˣЩ벻ףΪʲôɥʬһôסԼأ
໡
ɥʬеĹʽȻα֣ʤ˫ȣĴȺݺҧȥ
֣ʤĿһʵؼǿƤɥʬһڲûж֣ʤС˺ɥʬڵݸ
ڵϵɥʬһѪʹģ产ˣѾˣ֣ʤȻԴɥʬϿҪԼľġ
ɥʬ˫Ȼα֣ʤ˫ȣ·˸һ㡣
֣ʤ̾ϢһΪ˲ɥʬֺΪȥɱɥʬģɥʬԼƴأ
֪ԼܣΪ˱ԼŮԼƴѪ˽ɥʬѵҲи
ȻɥʬΪڻͬԼҲһˣŮɥʬǲӣȡ֣ʤѡ
֣ʤе䵶׼ɥʬ첲ֱնɥʬ˫ۣŰ˶Էľ
ͷ䣬ɥʬ
һ˵ȥ֮ϵʬ߽ɢȥ¶ԭݣ۾ȻζŮɥʬʧķ
֣ʤ̾ϢһɥʬĻҲһ쵱ܣϧͬΪı
漴֣ʤֱŮɥʬʧĵط׷ȥܳʲôԭҲŹкɥʬҪҵŮɥʬɱ
˳Ųݴеĺۼ֣ʤһֱ׷˰ɽڰɽһéǰʧȥŮɥʬĺۼ
֣ʤŮɥʬ޴ղ׷Ůɥʬʱ·һʮ׿Сӡ
ŮɥʬղУ˳ˮƯһ·̣ҸطԼûа취ҵڣȴŻŵܵԼ֮أԼ˸š
һΣ㻹ӣ
֣ʤûнȥһİéﴫ˽вԾĻԼСʱ򣬴ĸԼĴǰͯҥԼ˯Ļ
һܰͷ֣ʤ۾ʱʪˣ䵶ֻмʮƽéݡ
۵һʮŮˣǸŮ˵Ҳ崿üĿ֮䣬ϡиղոսʿѪʱģ
ͲŮһСŮǰźĸҥСŮŮ˫ֵ֮£롣
Ů˿֣ʤ֪ԼɷѾˣ֣ʤǿ̫࣬Ƿֿܹ˵ġ
ڻ·ϣŮУ˳£л
éڵŮȻԥѡ˻ؼҡ
֣ʤ֮ŮھĻ֮ϻָƽҲ֪ӳ̫ʱ䣬׼
Ů˵ĿŮɰϣ黬䣬Լһ޹Ҳֵˡ
ԼŮ꣬ʲô֪ûгҲ֪ʲôԼô죿
Ů˳Զ֣ʤ˰֣ʾȲҪ
ŮĶȻ֣ʤͻȻסˣ·ǸŮ˻֮䣬ӵһصħʵϵȻˡ
ϵѪˮ֣ʤɥʬʱΪʲôֱӺȵսʿϵѪˮǷ֮д˻
ɥʬΪʲôͣԼԭҪԼŮˣԼŮɥʬΪػŻòԼİΣԼƴɣ
ѵɥʬҲа飬Ҳ
֣ʤûйȥéݲҲֻһСľǳڣ¶Էûܡ
ְ֣裬ҲҪѪˮǲҪòá
˯УŮ˵һ߽Ȼ˯һЩ²иж˵Ǿ仰
ŮһĿŴϵСŮŮ뿪ˣȻҲߡ
ŮֳһСͯҥСŮŻ˯ȥûٴη߽
Ů˰СŮϵıץСŮСķŽ˱Уǰ̳ӵѪˮһۣŮ꣬ķЩѪˮ㹻ʳһܵˡ
һֻ֮㲻Լܵˡ
Ů߳éݣϴŵӾиӢ¾ǡ
ָ֣ʤܷŹɥʬƲԷôŹ˵ףҶΪ档
֣ʤղûéڣŮǰһɺܳжԷˣ߳éһٶףŮͣ˽Ųʵɱ
ȻŮ˲ûеԣ֣ʤŮʵԼɥʬˣޱĵ˵ͷ
֣ʤΪŮ˻ƿڴ߲һе˹ƴŮֻ˵ĵ˵ͷҲףԼܹɱ࣬ɱˡ
ĩӵģǿɱߡ
Ů۾˵ŹҵŮ꣬ûɱһˡҡ㴦ãְɡ
éһСŮ֣ʤһǵԥ
ԼȥӣĳӲе䵶һ⣬ݺնŮ˰޳ľ


300  ׼
֣ʤе䵶ֶɵ⣬Ů˰޳ת˺üȦǵȴûնȥ
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Ůȥ׼Ȼ᲻ԼŮһ˹䣬ȴ֪ԼǿߵĶ֡
ԷûéɱԼѾܸԼˣԼҲܵôߣĸԸĽ֣ʤĴá
û뵽˻
黬䣬æĵͷԸ⣬Ը⡭
һһ˴ˣһֱɱɽС͵ıޣЩ޵ѪΪʳ
ڰ֮ǰ֮ʮɥʬΧǣ֮һı޶ˡ
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ȻɽΣķСһ㣬ֻϮɱһСĹޣĸŮлȥĻģͷ
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ŮȻҲȾʬʱҲᷢãֻһˡ
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Ůһһȥϣ죬Լɷȴ档
Ů˲ɱɷǿˣɥʬ֮䱾У׷ɱԼһ·β浽Լļȴû֣Ѿкܸмˡ
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Ѿǵļˣȥɽٽһҡ
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Ҳ˵Щɥʬǣ֮䣬ʱˣҲᷢ໥ɱöԷ伢顣
ԼϵƤףԼԼԽԽǿսеһ뿪ַİˡ
Լ֮Թַ㣬ֻº̶ܴΪԼӱɥʬԼɱ
ԼŶɥʬһȻĳޣԼְֳ޺޵˻ϣַ㷢صĳͻ
񣬳ɥʬҪչȫ湥ˣԼʱ򲻹ܲ˵뿪ˣԼȥˣ
뵽֣ʤһ˿ᶨı飬Ҫرǣصַеֵߣǲս
ҲҪһ
֣ʤ˲ԶͻȻһŲдԻ
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Ҳŵ˸ϢֻҪץסˣֵֿ԰һˡ
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иʮ˸ڶʮ򵽶ʮɥʬǿߣҲ˿塣
ϼɥʬǿߣ֣ʤбûлܶԷİˡ
绹ڱǵԼԼƿЩɥʬȥԼĴ
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Щɥʬ֣֮ʤͻȻһʩչҹս˷ʽе䵶Ϊ˵ߣʮʱڣȻʮɥʬ
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ܿ죬ӽʮɥʬΧס֣ʤһѪս֣ʤֿ˼ʮɥʬ
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˾ģͷѾƴЩ޵ڶʮʮ֮䣬һڿзƬ֮䣬ܽбѪɺӡ
áЩ֪࣬ǾȻ밲ŹݺңҾͽʳ
ҲһЦޣǰ˾µֻ࣬ҿȺ޵ĽͿش࡭
Ŀӳϣһ־ӸµĿ˵ǰս㶼˺ϴҺȣһս¹شٸϺĻݹҷ飿
ھͻ֮󣬽쾭֮󣬸ǴﵽʮԳ˵Ҳ͸ˡ
⻰֮Ȼܲʷȴһϴģ˵ȡЦˣֽҪͷСеģ˷򰵺֮ǵĶһǰ
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ָ£һ̶ļֻʮ׵շ𣬲˰Уͬһܼս㸩ֱǶȥ


301  СԪ
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ܹ֪ʱߵַǰȻһϽľװȴûһ˿˷֮顣
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ƫƫԼֲҷ༥ܹϽ˸ڻصԼĶС
ַ˵˾䲻ͣĿ䵽˶ɹֵϡ
ѾЩ֣Ҫݰ֮ϵҪĶ࣬ЩϵҲֲһЩ
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ͨʿƽȴֵǵض޴
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ĩڣͨûа취ġ
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½ϵɥʬޣ߸ߵĳǽֹǣЩԷݵصǣЩǽԵΪˡ
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Ƕʱľǿߣ۶ôҵսǣѪȵսҲʹǸоԼڵļֵ
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ĶҲ¶һ˿ЦȻҪ죬һ㣬ڽ˵սʿ֮УȴҲ۷ǿߡ
ڵսʿĽǣǲᲢۡ
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ˣյ޴ԽԽˡ
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ɷתһź̾벻ַ»޵ǿߣַˣֻҪ˳дڣҲܵġ
Ȼףϻ˸ղôһˣԭǵһǿǹķС
۵ͷ˵治벻лǿߣҲûн̫ʧֻܵһС
ϰҲֻܵԼһУȴû˵˵Ļ֮ˡ
Լʧͷޣ߿еʹѣԶ˿Ͼüͷƺûнص˼
ҧҧ߸߷ָȥղսʿȻǿ󣬵ֻһˣӦһ
ֻҪȺޱܿǹսʿͿˡ
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ʲôСŮǱǰĳСãСĩһ׷սսڱħɽϣ˺ɱһͷǿԳ֡
ԭµһǿȻ鴫ϧǣǰûСõķɡ
һսʿ߷߲ƽ˵ַˣСôˣиղλǹĴˣǵϵһȵǿߣǱǱӻֺξɥʬɷ켵Ͷܣȴȫˡ
ֵĻ˵Ĳ̻˾۲ŴԣҲǱɷ϶𣿡
ľʿǣȻЩսʿһɷ죬Ҳ¶˷߷߲ƽģȻɷȥΪΪ
ЩͨƵ¼ɷڵָӲһûɷ

ɶ񣡡
߿еƿڴһ˱̬ǿ߾͹ˣһӳǣȻǻϣ֮ѿеһͷ
Ҫ빥±ǣ֮ǵҲҪһĴ۲С
ָ֮£ֿʼܿЩͨʿ֡
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ѽѵΪһȺгһͷͿڰ֮УǿҲ
ַеĺ㣬ƺԶԶĻ棬֪Լˣһһıб߸߾
£밺״죬˸ļµĺ⡣


303  ַһ
⣬콣з𣬸һֺͻȻĸо಻Ĳҽ
ϵͷޣͷͷͷޡôֵһͷǰɣͷޡͷ޾ȻǱһնġ
ԭս˳ˣֲһӣоͷޱն˸Ѫģ
ֻǾͷɱޣȴûпʮͷն˵ޣս˵Ľˣһɨһ
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̶ַһɱ˰ЧǶսֲԶӰ졣
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Ҳû˼ǵղһǹ޵ķˣҲȷԼɱ˰죬նɱͷޡ
ַһնɱͷشʮͷ޵ĺպսȣԼһȣղŵսҫһֳˡ
ĿһûоַĴŹʣӣ෴еֻǸˣַսֱǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
ָӲڣɷеľַһ˹סϣˣ˵ɷӦø˲Ŷԡ
ˣ෴һķ߷֮ɫ
Լĩдôãĩһ˳һҲΪԼȫĩдŹʡ
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۸ղŶĸߣȴַһ֮Աǣ⵱Ȼ˵ַһ죬Ϊ첢Ƕ֪֣Խ۶࿴ˡ
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κһϣ֮ǣ׶Ҫ׶ϣ֮ǵҪԣû֮һֻΨһ
׶ԻĵҪԣ൱ĩǰĴеս򲻵ѣĸϣ֮ҲĻսÿһ̨ףһ̨ǮĻ
׵ĶԼѵݺңһ֣ڰµĹսУǲûгϡٵĻס
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ˣײеĲʦһѪڡ
֪ѹϵģȫǶ˵ϣ첻ǴƯķ̣ǽڽΪʷ
һǧ̨׹ɵĻ״ӣʹñǳΪȫģڻλеϣ֮ǣСĻż˳ʸżϣ֮Ȼȱס
ǣھ˶ƣҹĻۣ֮ڣǲƸԴ֮ḻǵ֮Ļףв˴Ļס

ַͨ׼ͷл´ַ㻰ոճڣһӰѾ˻Ⱥ˶ɥʬ
ַһۿ̨еĲߣ벻̨УȻԷӳʮ
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Զۼгһ֧״ЩȻȥģ׶񣬵һǧ̨߰ɥʬȣ΢΢ʮɥʬȣǾţһë
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ϴ˿̷ˮһĻԻɱϣԼҲƱػˣȻȳǿһЩҲռѹԵơ
ڣʩĿһǧ̨ףϣһǧ̨ףԸǣȫĴһ漣
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Щײʦǣսһߣսһ죬ǿ϶ǵһˣΪȫ˵ϣȴԥĳսĵһߡ
㳡ϣһСŮཱུСЩӤʣģȴɰ
֣µĵȼ򣬵һȼϣĸܹƽ
СŮĸһɫĻʦҲСŮΨһˣĩ֮Уΰ˱ԼŮһƬԼա
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֪ԼܻܲŻȴַ֪ǽᱻƣԼɰŮЩѪɥʬС
һУȴԼŮ
ԶһĻΣٵʱŮͬʱΣʱھݵԥ֮ѡԼŮ
˵һֻ޵צץ壬ԼһԼǰбԼΪǷ˶ӡ
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ˣŮ㸸һսУֻҪȫܹʤͺá
һսȡյʤԼˣԼŮҲݣõǾĵչˡ
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ǸˣΣͷһһ˱ǣʹĸܹϣܹٴδ漣
ףһսлȥˡ
ϣЩȥమҲʵлǸõĹУԼļžۣమ塣
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305  ս
ַ߻ףһ߿ٵнмһҵ
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ߣ㱻ˣֻҪüļС˵λòУˡ
ѪսУЩɥʬѾ˵һЩ׽ǰеıԻչ˷ĽһЩ׵սٵ½
飬ԳսԶԶһʦҲģַ㣬רЩǿɥʬɥʬޡ
ϧǵЧȴ˺ܶࡣ
ǵļзǧһٿſԴЩǿɥʬԴϾͲˣڻз˵λãһٷУʮſ׼ȷУɱ˶Էͺܲˡ
ЩǿɥʬĽУһЩɱࡣ
Щɥʬٷ֮ʮ֮ϣʮɥʬɣҪȻڵĻȻһ룬ҲɱЩǿɥʬǿߡ
Сʱ֮ڣɥʬʧ˽ʮ߰ɥʬʿɥʬޣѾӽɥʬһ
ȻûϣϾ֮ǵǵȴû١
һȺ״Ҳʧ룬ٶ̨ױһٶ̨أܷӳղŵһ㡣
ЩʦɱĽƣ֮ʱʮһɱ˳ľطڿʼˡ
죬˸ң죬ʮ֮µɥʬޣֱһǹĻ׶
зӵļʮҲ֪Ǳ࣬Ҫƴľٶܲܳ׽𱱾ǣͿǰһսˡ
֣ѵʱ㻹ϳ𣿡
Ϊʲô˵ҳҲǰһ֣ʱ̣ôԹأ죬Ҿһɱʹ࡭
Ҳ֪һսؼʱ̣֮ǾѾʧأ֮ǶˣʤҲŹ򰵺֮ǡ
ݺŽһ
ž֣ʱ̣ȻҲһˮ
ôῴ͸ϵ⣬ΧǼƻ֯ߣһսʧˣһʧ
һֱѱ࣬Լ֮
죬֪Լܳվƣ˵ղŵЩף͸شʧ
вΰ֮ǺϹǵս۱пܹܴɡ
֮ǵֵ˭ɱַ㣬֮󣬱ܵõȫǰٷ֮ʮʳ
ͣа
սһʱ᲻˴ĺô֮ʧһˣְ취֮ǵͬ顣
ȵ취޲ȦǶʧһôϻ޴ļһ
۵Ĵ£µİɥʬʮɱ˹ȥµҲȺʿɱ˹ȥ
ڲñ΢
СʱʱʿﵽʮɥʬҲشﵽʮ֮߰ࡣ
ȫӰĻַĻ״ӣǿڻ£ÿһӣгǧϰٵɥʬ౻ɱ
ַ㣬һЩսǿߣʹûרŶԸЩǿɥʬǿɥʬޡ
ǿֹ֮ȷɱɥʬٶȿ˵ܿ졣
ĻףȫɱͨɥʬϣһЩ׸һЩǿɥʬ޷˼ҵⲫս
ڼĵַ֮£ǿɥʬޱЩ׻УҲһЩױıһЩʦŤεĻײڡ
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еĻףսﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮײڵĹϵͳƻ޷ƶ£֧еȻܵɥʬɨ䣬ֱʦڻײϢ
ѪսУսʿԽսԽ£ռϷ硣
ܹ֮սɥʬѾʣ²ʮ빥뱱ǣȻǲˡ
ɥʬһ֮ԻͻȻܣΪ֧ǿĻȺճȺַģ²ڷŭˡ
ɶ񣡡
ֱַĻ׶һΣ㲻ܹƱǣҲһҪɱַɶࡣ
ַͻȻų׸ı˫Աȡ
һ̨⣬ݺ£һ׵һһȭһǿ̨ŵĻе첲ϡ
ꡣ
ﵽʮĻףһȭֱӴұۡ
ǰѾ͵ĺϽ⣬۴֮󣬸߸߷ɵ˼֮Զʱ򣬿һͷɥʬ޵Դ
漴ٴγȭ˻׵ˮϣ̨׵زͻȻ˽ȥ׵ˮҲ鲣ɢ
Ļʦֱӱĳһࡣ
ߵͬ䣬һۡ
ֻܹһǫ̃̄׵ĺϽϣһɴƶ֮£̨׻ԽӽٵǰɿĿ񱼳˼ǧס
һ·֮ϣʿ;޴ɥʬޣֱ̨ײ壬̨Ҳڸٵıг׽壬Ϊһѷ䵽˵ϡ
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ϵĴ£Ȼɥʬʿ𣬵Ѿ̫ˣսѾ˳׵Ťתսʿ˶ɣʣµɥʬֻʿĹ¿֧š
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˭ԷŹȴܷŹַ㡣
ַ೹׶ݱǵȫϣ
۵ַǰЦսַ㣬ڼˣҲ˵ʱˣɣ
ڷɱ¾УнͷɥʬޣĻ֣֮Ļϵɥʬ࣬Ҳ͸ˣַ̨ףսҲﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
Ļױ棬Ѿÿӿݣɢɥʬеȳζ
ַҲ̨֪׺𣬾Ի׵ĲٿˮƽˣʹԼĻ׷Ĺﵽʮ㣬Ȼ޷ǿ࿹⡣
֮ǿѾ½سʮɲǸơ
ַ˻زˮ֣ͬһڵ㵯˻ףվ۵Ķ档
Ǻڷ簵֮ǵ۰ɣȻǿޱȵĴڣڼʮ˶Ϊģ죬ҾŹ㡣
ͻȻЦеܺЦַϵҲʮ㣬ôв
ڲ˽ַϵ۽Ļǿٷ֮ʮ
ٷ֮ʮҲʮһղŲĻǿ˶١
ʮевԼ
áַ㣬ʹñļƻܴɣҲŹ㣿


306  ַǱ
һ˿ɷַ㡣
۵廯ΪһӰַ֮ǿҲֻǿһģĺӰϮ
ַɫ΢䣬ĿǰԼ۵Ĳȷ̫ˣֻҪԼһܱܿԷɱ
û˿ԥ㿪ʼϵ۽ַϵҲѸʮ㡣
Ȼ˵ַʮʮ㣬Ѿ˰ٷ֮ʮȻеЩź
һ䣬гϵӰսʱַﵽʮʱıŲʮ㡣
Ϊˣϵ۽ûһεԼôԽԽ˲ˣѽ
һԼ۵ĲҲԽԽˣ֪һΣԼܲ죿
ۿַϵﵽʮ۵ĽŲɵ΢΢һ٣Цַ㣬㿪ϵ۽֮𣬲ʮ̫ʧˣȻˣֻɱˡ
Էַ㣬ֻ޶ԷʵףַΪһǿߣʮЩۡ
ٶ˵ַǰһȭ
֪ǲΪ۵ǿַһأַŲӲַûн۵һһ۵ӭһ
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ۻΪԼ۾⣬ַ㲻ʮôƶٶ죬ȻԼʮȼˣѵַ㻹к֣˵ֹʮ
ַҲаȻԼҪϺܶ࣬ԼȴӵٶȣǰʮǿߣҲһԼٶȡ
벻۵Ϊǿ˵ƶٶȻ֮죬󳬹ʮǿߵƽֵʹַٶȡʤ뷨ա
Ҫ𣬳аЦ
ǰԼǿߣεȻ򰵺֮ǡ
֮Ϊɱַ㣬Ȼ۵ȷǿ󣬵ȻִΪַ˲׶Ըġ
ַ㽻֣׷ɱΪΣ㵽һߣȻͷ͵ַ۵ⳡ춯صĴս
Ȼַ㣬ӣвԷʮӳϽʮ˫֣ɱַ㡣
ַһ˵ɥʬܷΪʤ
һս֮ʧأҴɥʬǿ߼٣ԺƱǣϷʳʱǵľҲһ˺ܶࡣ
˵ֻҪǷΪʤЩҴǣֵܷüѪԴؼһȻܲɱַ㡣
ϸղȴ׷ɱһ̨ǿĻף֪ܵȥˣдԷȻóղ̨׵ԶԶϡ
Ȼ̨ҪĻ״ѽѷ֣׷ɱף㿪ַС
ϣȻǸ˴ֵĶ
жųƿڴȴˣղϿһվһߣ֮ǵͬɱȴһֱԹۡ
ֱǵͬ¶֮ƣϲæҵָԼĲȥѻƹʿϧʱ֮ǵİѳɣϵǿҲ޲
ں֮ǰΪ۳ɲ£ŰнԼľߣҲ֪ԼֵĻҪɱַҲ¡
϶۵ԹҪԶԶַ㣬ַгۣʱ֮ڣ޷в棬ǸĲҰļҡ
˱ǣһΧϣ֮ǵͬǣòʳᱻ۵ĺڷ簵֮Ǹû̲֮Ƕڷ簵̲֮ˣϵ򰵺֮ȻҲ⡣
к޲ַɱۣ򰵺֮ǳһĸ󻼣д뷨ôһԸַأ
˵ҲڴһԼۣ˵侮ʯҲ˿ֲ١
ٴַ㣬ȻǳֿȭûѾû̫
ַҲ֪ԼǶȥ˵Լϵ۽ֻӵʱ䣬Լ֮ڣ޷۵ĻԼ۽ˡ
ȫĵֻ࣬»ûһǿսԼϵ۽֮ǰɱۣɱĲԼһˣȫǵࡣ
ղţԼһȺɱӲǳŤתɥʬ֮Աȣ۵ҪԶԶԼɱ˳˭ֵܹסĽأ

ַȭͷԶĳ¶˲֮ɫ
ַ¿ϵ۽ȻֻʮҪ۵һأôӲӲⲻ
Ȼַ˵ף۵Լĵˣֺγַ㵱Լĵأ
˻ذ֮ǣȻڶʱ֮ڣַ㷢ͻɥʬϾǲС
һ죬ɥʬҪϣ֮սһ˶ϡ
ַ֮ǿֻҪǰ䣬ĩڣȻܳΪȫʵ֮һʱַ֮䣬Ҳ᲻ɱıصĳͻ
пܵĻϵϣַܹͬھַȴѡӲӲһҪѼӲʯͷ顣
˿ɣַַ̫磬Ҳ档
Ҳ¶˳΢ЦַǿҲԼԼӲӲүһβŰ㣿
漴뵽˸ղŶߵĳϣиǲϵĳЦԷѵûСӵİүɱַûүȻק
ԶĶ죬ֹͣɱȫעĿַ۵ⳡս
ЩַǣϾ¶˲Ҳ̶õģ
ַȻǿ۵ĲҲ̫ˣһΣԼֱ֣ӲӲⲻŰΪʲô˲ǣ

Ӵײһ𣬲ͬʱˣУַ㱻һȭɵľվûз
ܣܣֻʮôҴƽ֣
Ǹ˵ܵȻˣ۲ŵǣַȻסȫһ
ַ㲻Ȩһղھҵײ֮£˳ʮ֮Զַȴֻ˳ʮһ
ӿһԼŵ뷨ַղӲƴûİԵ壬ռһϷ硣
ַǽңһǽң룬ַҶԼһȭҲ㲻Լĵڶȭ
ŭһϵȫ˵ȭͷϣʯƾһȭһȭЯľ磬ȻѿıȽϽļʮɥʬ˺Ƭ
ĶٴҲȷַղŵһȭǱʵڼ̵ʱڣӲǰѶķӣһ㣬漣ٴη
ƿǰһȭȫǵľ񶼺ֹ㳡ϣ԰ƵľΪַָӲУɷҲλվаΪַ
ɷȻַ㣬ַһ˵ʧأɷҲϣַ£ϣɥʬ֮ǰַ㲻Ҫ¡
֮Уַֻ㻹ģǵսԶͨˣƾԼжϣǿɲַղŵסڵһȭ
ַ㵱濿ĻΪʲôûأ

ǿٴ·ɽײһ
ڳͷʿ˽µ𶯣ʿȻɫѵַۣǿᵽ˵ز
ַ۽Ͻɥʬʿʬ壬ɢľһ⣬ɼǸղŵһжôҡ
۵ɫøѿǵڶνַ֣˳ȴ˳ʮ
ַ֪ܹסĹĲ
Ȼ벻ףַʮôʮҪǿأ
ϴһ벻ֶַΣԼһֱΪ˺ܲ򵥣Լ¶ˣ˵ԼǸϽ취ɣ
ַҲһԼƲȻûд
ۣΪеĵһǿߣԭӣҶ̫ʧˣ
㡭֪ߵغַ㣬ҾͲǿ󣬿ȭ
۵ĿøͷϵĶҲƺԵñǰϬˡ
۹ַۣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ƽĶۣȷۣսȴҪһء
ĿǰϣսǿĴҲ
Ķ֣ʤȻԶһսʿҪǿĶ࣬ǵսȻֻһ۷ѣһսʿ͵һ㲻ϡ
죬ۣϵ˵սԹַһʮľܣʹսﵽļڣ弶ڵļ
˭սÿһߣʹü㡣
ַΪһΨһһ弶սǿߣʹۺʵԶԶͬȼǿߣǿܶĴڣ࿹⡣
ַѵٶȣǿԴʵļ۷弶ڵǿսټѵٶȣʹַǿѹסǿһصۡ
ֻԵһ˽ַ㡣
úã
۷ʹ˹ַøӱ䡣


307  ֮
۴һȭַɫƽͻȻһֻ֣۵ȭͷϡ
ȵľʱ·һ޻һ㣬ް֮вв
ַ¶ƿһе΢ЦʹһĹƣѸײڶ֮ƣ۵Ŀڡ
ַղʹת֮ĩǰ̫һĹ򣬽ۻľΧȫٵת˺ɵĻһȭĹ
ַյǣһת˼ȦְЩ˻ȥַ㱾ȫһ
ղڼٵת֮£۵ĸղŻַеѾΪڻǿޱȣַڵľʹһﵽһ޷ʯƾĵز
ֽ̫ͨ˵ӹⲢǶôĹ򣬵۸ղŵһȴ߰ʮַ㽫ǹΧԼתѵ֮ߣڽ淢һŹϸתȦת˹ϵĳ֮֮ʱѶȡ
סĹһпƼ򵥣ֻҪһʹòԣԼᱻ󶴣Ҳ˵ףֽӹȴҪѵöࡣ
£̫ʹ˳뻯ɹϵǹǿѶȣԶԶȥӹѶˡ
֮սģҲַֻһˣ

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е඼סˣɥʬҴɥʬǿߣҲŵòᣬ˭еĵһǿߣȴַһȭɡ
ӵʮ޵дڣȻֻʮǿ߸ˣ۲ˣ廹ͬһ㣬ڿзɳ˼ǧףصڵϣˤ˸ѽµļ֮ڵʯ˹״
ַҲǰԳޣԼղһƼ򵥣ʵþԼȫֶΣļ۷壬弶ڵսӵ˼¡
ղһ֮˵ǿߵȫҲһĹϣҲԽֻɱ
ַеźǣԶȻǱȴûеֻڵϲϵϾѾܵشҲ޷վ
ַȻӵĿ˵һʲôãս۷Ҳս弶ǿᲢۣȡ衣
սĻֻܲȷսķּҲһĩڵ飬Ҳַ֪ղʹ÷ȴ֪弶սôһ¡
ַֻ֪ղʹòǴֻǽ˸Ͷȡɡ
ַȴллҲ˵֮£ٰԼȷЩɷˣ̲סºѪ
˶Ŀ⿴ۣ˿̵ۣϵ·Ϊȫ飬óģ״ķףҲȫɣѪһڵϣģҡ
ЩŮսʿ⸱˵ģ׷װͷŤһߣȤĿûۼ·ۣ¶һ˷֮ɫ
ĶϽվǰס˫Զͨ˴Ķ۾˵СѾͷٶˣٶˣ㶼ʮˣԼСƨѽһŮӼңôۻĶϽۡ
УС˵ĻδĴɩҲ㡭
СƨҲˣ㲻δĴɩѣȻ͸ҽѵң˵ˣϴߵŮ˶ǣںһ
ʱĶ˵Ĳı̻ǿв࣬ʸżƿ磬ЩŮǣַжӡ
ҪǣЩŮûһɫҪģҪģģԼأȻɰһЩҲȹȥ˺ܶ࣬Ͼδȫ죬ֻһɬ껪СŮˡ
ڵˣϲشδŮˣѹԼַ㣬ȴԼ޶ˣ
˳ڣַôŮ˲˵˳⣬ĺ֪Ǳ鲼£ӵĪƷƣỪСнˮ磬һĺϣ֮˾ѩ˵ľɫԼôǱȡ
뵽һУо޵ĳ嶯ԼպַܲܵδŻ˵㵱ˣԼôôŮӱõַĴأ
ַоϲɥʬŮҪʲô뵽ЩвɵôַαӣٵѧĶƷҪ¡
ַ㵱ȻûСøĴˣַһеԸҲᵱ¡
أַ㣬˵ǺҲãҲգȻԼΪ˵˿ĸı䡣
ַ㻺۽ǰӸµĿһۣӡ
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ַӱ䣬·ҪγʵʣСһ㣬ںˣԽǿԽ࣬ɥʬжһĵ˿еͼ֮ģҲΪһɪˮ
վˣ㲻ҪɱңԸū
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ʲô۾ȻͶ
ΪɥʬжôأԭҲûɥʬȵеĵһǿأսˣȻҲҡβ
ϵܣͲ֪ˣҲ۲ǿǵս̫ˡ
ɥʬ֮УһЩ˵ɥʬǿƿڴ
ۣųǶĶģǻûȴͶޡ
ɱۣǣһú
ߺ˺Ȼ̫裬Ϊ˻ȥʲôԶɥʬֻ֮ͬһĿַ㣬ϣַܹĳϵķϣһ
ַշһʮɥʬ֣һΪ飬Ժ˭ַ㣬ֻҪַһ£۱蹷һȥַĵ˺Ƭ
Լ˺˵Ĵ֣Ժȫĵˣ˭ԼȻշۺôַ࣬ȴ
Ҫ²
ַ붼ûֱӻؾԸ䣬Ըۣ׺ݽƻɵɴһһָֻԼס
ַҲ֪Լַܴ֮㣬Լڿϵ۽Զ۵սٶȣŽʤ˶ԷһԼϵ۽ʱͻϮԼĻ˵ľԼˡ
˵ɥʬ֮нⲻԼ뻨ѾǵҥˣշֻۣԼվĶȥ
ţ۵ʳֻ»Ҳһ룬ԼȥôѪֻ°ϵѪˮŸˣҲۺһġ
Ȼ۵ĺںôǾɱɣ󻼡
۲һûˣΪ˻ΪԼѾòˣԼΪеĵһǿߣַͶĸŶԣַȴҲû룬һڻؾˣ
ַ㣬ҶͶˣȴȻҪնɱƴˡ
۲֪˵˫һĵ棬ڴصĲУ۵ͬһƤ㵯ֱַ㣬һ

ַһȭ۵Դϣ۵ԴԽѣʬԵڵء
Ҵɥʬŵøεѣߺ
ַϵ۽ڹرգɫҲ¶һƣ֮ɫµʬ壬ַһ£Ĵڣ֮Ҳȥɥʬһģ
˭뵽Լµһ⣬ǰеĵһǿأ
ôɱۣ
Ҳ˲֪ʵԼ취ʱˣַ㶢ϣԼ߲ˣѾ򰵺֮ǵȻԼϳ
ֻҪԼܹȫʤˣˣԺİ磬˭˭ܹԼ棬ۣúã
ͬҹһ㣬ɥʬ֮пٵĴУµͨɥʬ࣬
ЩͼɥʬֻҪеǣȻǵ̨׷Ҫܣػϡ
Цһһָȥʱһ̨زˮ֣ʦԴһ̨ף򱻳ϵ˻׵ĺϽԴ»ױ
ǳϵʵʮɥʬĵڶ֣һĻ׸Ķ֡
ղ֮һ̨ҪĻ״ѽѷ֣ҲΪ˿ֶַװġ
ҪȻղ̨һȭͿԱһѷ
Ҫߵĳϣַ˵ͷһû˵ڶεϵ۽͵˳ϡ
ǸۻѲĴڣһߣպɱۻ鷳ĻַűϣҪɱ
ղһսַʹϵ۽Ҫһһ㣬ҲǿﵽʮѣʮĳϣȻжʮĲࡣ
ϧڵĳʹַ̣ܵϵ۽رˣҲַ潻֡
һǰһڿսϼۡ
ַȻΪ½ٶȣȻҪȳϿһ㣬ģ˵ľԽԽ
ǧףǧףǧף֮˲һǧס
д󺧣ܱߵʿ֮ʱһһɾ˼ʮʿַȥ
ַ΢΢һüмǴӷ˳£ַһǵսʿȻΪ׷ɱϣɹͬһȭɡ
ַһһסǣǼʮսʿ建˵ϣһڣܳ˺üǧ֮Զ
ַа̾ϵ˵ԼѾ׷ϳˣ׷ϣԼ潻ֵĻԼҲϵ۽ر֮ǰ
ԽԽԶĳϣַ㰵пϧ֮ʱǰͻȻһ⣬λеڶǿߣ򰵺֮ǵĳϣնΪΡ
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308  սĻ֮
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֣ʤûĶתַ㣬һǸ˵磬Ƣһ뿪еֵǵˡ
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֣ʤҡҡͷԼ£ҲһԼȻûˤȴһ֦˵İɽ
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ΪԼɽһʱתˣӰһξ
ϧǣɽвûϲİ׺ͷҲûżʲô书ؼһͷ͵ģǣıޡ
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ɱͷʮıޣɽѰһĹӣꤵ֣ʤڳֹ֮ʮ㣬ﵽʮľܡ
ĩ룬սʿҪܣҲԽԽѡ
ĩһ굮һܵǿ֮⣬ĩ꣬ȫĵǿУǿ߾ˡ
ʱǿ󲢲Ծܣ֣ʤȴڱһصǰ£˴иܡ
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ҸһҲпܵǣʱûϣᶪԼĶ˼ǰڴҸȥ뷨һԼҲС
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Ķ̲ס˵ȻСûкۣ̫ƻˣ벻Ȼô˵£ʹ˵ƣ
ַ΢΢Цϲǰĵƣڴ֮ǰѾʹԼķչƱǵĻϱһֺô۰ˣ಻ʧһѣʤնʮǿҲ³һαȻˣڶʱڣǳɲˡ
ôһ£벻˽ƻƭǣײнƻ۶һѡ
׷ʮ˱ڣ׷ȴûսϳ֣ԭϰгˡ
۲֪µĻ֪᲻ᱻ

뱱ǼĵطͻȻ³һѪߵһѪ
үôˣ
ҵķ˸նˡ
ʲôүϵȫƵǸϣն˷Ǹַѵ
ַ㣬һ󺺡
øͿˣԳϽʮһᲢ۵ģַ֣Ҫն˳ϵķҲܲס
û뵽ϵķȻһ֪ĺ󺺸նˣѵôǿ
ѵлַ㻹Ҫֲ
˵ַԶˣϧҵķַ׷ϣһʱУűһնˣҳ϶ģ˳ĲΪˡ
Ϊ˲ۿϼõתƵ˷֮ϣڣնʮֵأڶʱ֮ڣָ
ϣʱ䣬Լ˵ϢҪȥҪȻܱߵİ֮Ǳˣ򰵺֮Ǳбܱߵİ֮Ǽ沢Σա

ϵķһɥʬʱȺףҴɥʬɥʬ޷׷ɢΧǵЩڳ˾ԱǣҲҾ֮С
ǵʿû׷ɱɢɥʬɱ죬Ƕѻɽɥʬʿʬ塣
˰ʱ֣սĻַسǵʱһսʿѾʣ˲ǧ룬ܹսĻףҲʣһٶ̨
ʮʿʧǴﵽʮ߰һսȻջʤĴۿ̹ġ
سַ֮õһΪõϢһսбֳɫĽ𺣷屻ɷɥʬΧһսս
ɷų켺ʱһеȴԽΪţⳡսУ𺣷ӢĿãɷȻָ¹Ϊߵڰף˵ְ׳նŵĽڡ
𺣷屻ץַ֮ʱΪַĵμӹ˽ǣҲ
ЩȻȨھеӰӽȴ׷׳ͷЩַйӴĽȫ
˵𺣷αץһţַйˡ
𺣷˽ԷַǣȻȫǵˣҲ˽𺣷Ĵɣų˾һץĸ߼졣
ַس֮󣬳ǵİͨʿӭЩӢսʤ֮⣬ľǣһַȺսʿǿ˾룬Ȼǵһǣ
ַŭɷԼ˽ĽǶ֣ⲻԼսʿʹȥҲ
˳ţȴɷһЩǸ˻˫ţĶ֣ʤֱӰѱЩĲϡ
ЩһǸһ߶ַ˷ֻͣǷ£ûðǵ˼ϣַȥɷһݳǲź÷С
⵹ַеЩ֣Щǣɥʬսоֲףڣȴɷ죬ԼͬеЩսʿ
ַ֮ǿȻܴЩսʿƳǶһﲻ֪жսС
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ɷȻ˷˼ƨͨĽݺַ㣬Ϊַ֯ĶûУżݺԷֶ֮׾ӣŻ
һΣɷڸս֮еӰӽǷ׷׳֣ƿ˸սַɱɷ죬Ȱȫǵʿɱַ㲢־档
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ǲԹַ㣬ֻ뻨ʹԻסǵսˡ
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309  
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ĺɱһһҹȻԻŻѵսûۣôأ
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ַԼϳͷȻʹ˱ֻҪϣ֮ڳͷϰٰԼضݺݴ֮档
ַȴûʹû･ţַסǲΪǣǻ͸벻ˣɥʬУַȻϻĳ棬Ͳð졣
ַȴ޵İս֮ǰ㹻ѪʳãַΪԵö̫ˡ
ԲѵַΪ
Ǻýãû˵˵ǰʶַ࣬ƫƫֶַõĳ󣬲ɥʬ֮ޱסǡ
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ǽúãǽҲܸмǽȴȰһ䣬˲ǵģԺԶԶܿ˵ܱסһ
һԲǲ𣬳ҲǵģԺ˳Ҳöߣ
ַ㰵ԺЦϣһԼһʹ˸ѿ֮ƣѷ˴֮УҲ֣ʤն
뻨ȻԼСһһ˵ϣҲǿػ⼸սʿܹ̫ãʹϢûб֪ɣ
Լնɱۣشϵ飬Ѿˡ
ȫĵϣ֮ǣȫĵİ֮ǶһսַڴԴһ̣ﵽһһǰĸ߶ȣȻԴһ֪ȰԼҪǡ
ַҲһжҲԼٰάǣҲʼΪԼˣɥʬҲĵģһЩ໹ҪһЩ
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ΪʲôΪʲôҲûĻˣѵҪ뿪ǣղ
һĲ⣬ַһּΪƽĿ˵ѾҴˣڴսǰȻߣҵֵܸնķĳѾԪˣ벻߶ˡ
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ǵַ˵ɱ֮ʱǹĵģȴʵˣ޲ǰŹַһ١
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Ŀһעַ㣬ַȻǸղУĵģ
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ǵԭֻҪԣұ뿪
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˿һʵȴıƵĸ֣װһȻģ
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ֲϧԼֵܷҲҪԼˣȻǸıŴıҡ
ţͶֵ˵Լãԭʱ뵽ðпԼֶΣԱ㲻ϵĻð鱨˾ǳʲôģôأ
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㡭ֻҪĲʳѪ
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Ȼ޵ѪζϵѪúȣҲǲʳãʳѪܻĻҲǲС
۾ʪˣдʵ˵ִ֡磬ѵķߣ
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֣ʤһҲûֹе룬ԼǵкĻҪɱҪǿˡ
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ַ֮ȻΪŮɥʬĲ֮Բ˱Ϊַס˻䡣
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Ȼַ̻䣬ܶ˸е޷ܣЩĽеӢۣͨƽķŭһЩʿðƽ񣬶Ǽչ˿Ź
ַֻ֪ǼΪʲô˵˵ҲԲеЩ޻̸֮˵ž߿Ϊľ٣Ϊ˱סԼɴ˵ĵĻȴͨյ׷
̣Щƽͨʿַ㣬Ǽַˮַ㶼δһʣֻƽĴЩ߻߹
뻨ȻַϵݣԿ˫۾ûκεɼܱЩ˵ĻûκηӦ
뻨һоַһԼˮͻðˣƢõģҲ粵䡣
ַ㣬ǳҲãҲãǧָϵı鶼һ˿ĶݣֲܹģƣͲܾͨ߱ġ
ַȻױȻɷ찲ַ㸽ַ̽Żһ˰Ϣɷ졣
ɷϢ֮漴ðɣˣϿˣʣ˵ľַĶԹˣûļַ㶯ַ֣ȿʼˡ
ˣˣɷϣ֮˾ַץס˰֮ǵɥʬҲýҸãƾʲô˷ߡ
ɷнĬɷ춪٣ַȴᶪСٷƿԣΪٷƶԼС͵òʧˡ
ǻף˲û˵ʲô
ɷһȺѵЩУûһ˰ҳ⣬ôɱַ𣿡
һСӵϽܣ¶һ˿ЦƺڳЦߵ˶ַסˡ
˵˾а취Ըַ㣬ַҲĺˮޣ಻һͨ˶ѣ˾˵㣬ֻҪܹץסַ㣬ɱ
ɷ찵ԵͷԼĲ棬ڳһйˡ
˸ղģɫ˵˵˵ļƻֻҪ취ɱַ㣬Ϊս˾ʳԡ


310  Сӽ
СӵĽ˵ַαվڴϣ·ȫֻһ˲֮Ƕǣֵֶ֮ĴӢۣȻǱԴΪԸʱ˺ԼļĿǱɵˡ
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СӽĻз׷״СӻԼ֮Բս˾ıµַС
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ղвʿԹ죬ҧгݵĴַǸͿ棬ַվǰʱеʿȴѻȸˣȻǰЩ˵Ƹסˡ
ַĿ⻷ȫǰʿַĿУȻҲһЩʿھĻ֮뵽ɥʬΧһսеǣŭգ̧ͷַӡ
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˴ɵ飬Щ˵ϷҲݵ̫ˣѵ˵ЩǾûɥʬΧս
ҲܹЩαװľϷ̫٣һֶʿԼһĻƱػᱻַע⣬һַ㶢ˣֻ»С
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ǳս֮УһǹϿպ޼ɵ޵ֶʱеʿɫ䡣
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ַ΢΢һղһɷȥû֪ͨȴİΣûĶ֡
ַջĿ⣬ڿڵôңΪ˺£
ղ˻£˳ַ㣬ַվǰΪʲô˵ʱһǴ۵Сۣ֪˵ʲôá
ַ˵ҿԸһ˵Ļᣬǿѡ̸̸
Щʿң㣬֪˵ʲôá
ЩʿֻһٲǾǱصǿߣЩ֪ʿ֮Ҳ˵ַ˽֮ͨǣеĺܶ˵ɥʬΧսУЩʿϡͿַסı
ַ㣬жʱûַŵĵ
һʿͻȻ˸ղַһСӣһָС˵λ֣ղ㲻ĵ˵ս˹ᰵ֮㻹˵ַǿ۵ĴСţɥʬΧǣʹս˳ߴ°ɣ
ʿղҲȷСĭΪַ㣬ƼСӵҲ׷ױʾͬ⡣
ͬ⣡
֣ǶĻˣʹս˱װɣ
ԣ㲻˵ܶͰԼ֪ȫսˡ
Сӱɷ׼Ƶı⣬ڱвݴʱȴһʿѡ˴ֵõʿ֧֣һ±ַ潻棬һϡ
СԵȻ֪Сӳ治ףҲҷڶʿ飬˵СӸղŵȷַٰ㣬ҲѹֱеʿԼͬѡΪ˵Ĵ
һЩ֪СݵĽЦǱͲԸСһȴֱСӺܲҵĸˣŲò
ڼСӱѡΪʿĴѣǷ¶һֻı飬һԿ֡
Сҧҧ˵áлֵǵ֧֣ҲΪսˣЩҪսʸף
˵
˶˵ս밵ŮɥʬͷʶɥʬΧǣսˣ֪սʹ£
ַĿ˵ϣһ⡣
СӰһᣬ޾ɫַĺ²û֪Եò¡
ַ⣬֣ʤ׷ַվãַ֪Ҫɱ˵ǰףôȺ鼤ʿɱȻǽĺð취ʹ⼤
֣ʤַ󣬵˵磬±ҪȻ䣬ʱʰˡ
֪ô
ַŲСͨʿ˵ͨʿҲûеӣַ㻳ݵԭǣСϵﵽʮ㡣
ɷµʿСǿĻ۵ĴٶʮҲƱǣʿȴִʿʲô⣬ҲͲԶˡ
ͻȻַ΢һʧ˵С

СӵԴͻȻ򱬣ַ̫죬⼸ʿȻûпַζ
СԴѴ򱬵һַַ̣ԭأֻһֻȭͷѪˮ£ʮǿ߱ɱ
ַɱˣַΪڸɱˣħƴˡ
ַ㣬̫ˣ
Сӵһ״転׷׽
ʿеĽǣһҲ¶ɫַҲ̫ҰˣղҪѡԻոѡַ˵ֱǰԷɱһĿ֮¡
Ұ˼ַҰˣǻǵһμ
֮鿪ʼڼʿ֮ӣʿ÷ŭĿ⿴ַ㣬ַȻǸһƽģǧָ治ɫǡ


311  ޵װ׳
սɱˡ
ʿǷŭˣֵַսʿҲе󲻽⣬ַôһ仰Ҳ˵ѶԷɱˡ
ѾǰԵ³çˣһص֣ʤҲüͷַȷЩĹˡ
ĶһԲϽкãöĲʿ˫۷ףȴҹѵĶˡ
ַͬǲַаַղŵΪȴǰǰԵԷҲ࣬ȻַĻɱˣѵҪɱǰ
ַ֮ǿɱǰʿͲ⣬ǣһַ֣ԼҲһɱʱԼʲôˣӢۻĶħ
ַ㣬ɱǵĴ㲻лս񣿡
һαӣСˣЩ¶Ŀ˰ɣ
һϣɱ
ͷһд˾ָӲɷ¶һ˿΢Ц
Сӵûе£ʿŭգҪǰƴģֿ˻
ַ㣬ɱѽб⼸ʿȫɱˣʱȫĵˣߵﶼ˺Ĺ󣬶ڻĽҲһбɱѽ
ƾҪʧأɷһ˷֮ɫַɱЩʿȫʿļޣȫĵҲĲб
ʱһǽ壬Ȼ޷ԼᱱǵƿȨˣַɱһԼɨأ˳ǵ̻Ҳܵۡ
һ£ȫĵ࣬˭ԸȥͶһĶħأַ̻㣬˵Уͬһˡ
˽죬ַ̻˳Ǳ᳹׵ĳˣһ˺ķ˳ǻ뵱졣
Щ£ɷоԼǰδеĿģոһƻŮ㿪ĵҪ
ַٴ⣬ȫ˵˭ң
һŭסˣʿԵǻսַ㣬һƾһ֮˼ʮ޴޵дڣһδ࣬ʤ࣬һһս漣ĸǿߡ
ֻҪַԸ⣬Ƭ֮䣬Խȫɱ⡣
ַȻɱǸˣǲǰɣ
ѵɱǵˣҪзʿо룬ȴûһ˸Ұ⻰˵
ַ㳯һʿһ֣˻⣬վ˳ݲȵַǰ
Ȼʿ֮вγڣһվϳݡ
ǲǵս𣿡
ûϿԴͨʿ·ģȴ䲻ˣΪʲô⸱ģأ
ղڷŭȺУûжעϾ˵ĶĿַϣ˾ģЩ죬ҲֻǾưˡ
һվϳʵݡ
Ľ֮£ʿôһ¡
ԭɷ߻ģղűɱǸСӣжĲ߻ߣͼɿЩǷǵʿַ鷳ǿڰзַ㡣
ʿôһ£ԭǱ˵ǹʹˡ
Щʿиȷţַ˽Ű֮ŮɥʬҲУɷַ޳ݺõˮ
ʿҵСӵʬ壬һͲȡ
Ǽʿһʱ˲ʿЧ£ǳɰǧʿ׷ǰҲȣƬ֮䣬Сӵʬȳһࡣ
ָӲɷ쿴һУһûָӫĽƿڴָԷû壬Բࡣ
Ľڼǰսϱַȣڱڴ֮ͥ½¶ɷı
˵ʲôľٶȻʿеĽǸеΪŭиǶƿڴ
ɷַȣȻһһ£ַ죬ܹͷأ˾ɷԲַ㷢ѣ˵ҲԲҰܶճ
˼ַǹɾµİ֮ж׷ַ뷨вʼĽ̫ת棬Ͷˣ䵽˺棬ǲŴ
һַ˱˾λãĽһԹΪַصĽ
ַĬĳ̶ȣЩǱµǸոͶַģ˵ɷոͬʱѾɷļƻȫ̸ַˡ
ַŻһԲٷεСӡ
ǸվӵʱˣʱվȷĻҪսƴɱ̵ĺôҪöࡣ
һ½ַǰʹļ׵˵ַˣǵһսľɷǸ쵰ģпɴû뷨ͶԸ׷ַˡ
⼸վӵĽһһӵĻ𣬲ղ̫ۣͬһɷҪַ̨ͶϣԼı˵Ȼ
㵹ԸͶѵ㲻бĳ·𣬸ӣҲҶַ㷴һ
ͬʱǰ׷״ɷ죬ʾԼԸ׷ַ㣬Ͻ¶ɷ޳ܵΪʹ׾ֶݺַ㡣
ǽƣЩѾɷ쵹̨ڼַ㲻δ˾ҲǶԱӰĴڡ
Լɷ˳˰ͽַĻᣬ˾ЩͬˣҵĻˡ
ԴԴнַ߳ЧңЩƵʿŻȻ벻ǵĶУĴԼȷǱɷǸ϶ƭˡ
һЩǿĳ£ɷĸֶбϵĽ¶ˮǲõϡ
ߣһЩΪ˰ͽַ㣬Ȼַ߻һ£Ƶɷϡ
ɷҲı˹ᰵ֮ǵİ࣬еʿȻЩǵĻһȻ״
ѽԼҲýԺõս˲飬ԭһжɷ϶ݺս˵ġ
ַźЦԼҲû߻䣬ȴԼģڣȴɷϣַ㵱Ȼýʹ¡
֪˭飬һɱɷϹ
⻰һڣõнǵ֧֣ʿͷɷڵľ˾Щ·սʿǣ˵ЩʿҪȥɷ죬Ϊַָ˵׷׼뵽
һ޴ƽҲ£֮Уֱɷڵľ˾

˾
һϽСĴյɷǰСĽһ
ȴЩƣղɷһϱƿڴò⣬ô񿴵ЩҪɱ˯񲻵˯Ƥ˯ˡ
ɷ򶨹ȻܵңΣյʱ̣˼˯µˣ˯Լ˺üûѹɼûַ㵱¡
Ϊʲô˯źûдأɷһ˯ɶ׵ģѵǱιȥˣ
ܹɷţμ˵ڶȨָȨɷ쵹Ƥϵģ֪ɷǱŻȥˡ
ܹ֪һʪëɷĶͷϣð죬ɷתѡ
ۺ󣬴Ƥһеַأַɱ𣿡
ϣʱһȺڵأܶཫףǵ˾ղŲ˯ιȥˡ
ĵһ仰ַɱˣεʱҲһεַںƴ׷ɱдһʰɣ
ɷǰҲս챻ַˣɷݵ˵Ҳ㶪˶ˡ
ܹǰ˵˾żַģһȺɢ¶ѣǵϣȴжʮ򾫱ַǿҲƽһ˵ɱˣ
ܹ˵⻰ҲеģȻвٽͶַ㣬ɷɳȥģһЩƽﲻܴĽǣǸСϽҲʲôɫ
ܹɷɳЩ˵⣬ȻЩںܹ֮ɱַ㡣
ַ֮ǿȥ־۶ԸˣҪ˵Щˡ
ɷ֮ͬСӵļƻҲΪ˽Ǽŭַ㣬ַɱ䣬ַЩʿɱĻ᳹׳
һǽַ㣬޷вڱǵĵλˣɷǣսһ˾ַ˽ͨȫƻַ㡣
ЩǼƲ׷ַЧңʾҪʿ䣬ַɱԼƼתֱ£ɷϣɷŻŵĻȥˡ
ڱܹһѣɷĵˣѽԼлжʮأַұԼ˴ơ
ǰ㳡ַЩͽĻȫǡ
ʮУڳ˾ǰĹ㳡ϣɷµогʮԶԶȥ಻ɽ
ɷһרΪĸ߼װ׳ڣһĿԶװָӳڻ˺ų̈ףûϵƶģǿ
ɥʬ֮УǿɥʬޣƲ̨װ׳ķսҵʱ̣ɷװָӳ֮زز
ַɱۣʹܴװ׳ûпڣֱַв£̨ǿװָӳ
ǰмʮĴװ׳ķɷ˵ʲôҲַܰô
ͻȻɷ쿴˶ǰһ׳Ӱ
ǸӰ˾ӫҲοһѺǹ£·һͷĿ
֧Īǹɷһϣôַ㻹û쵹ǰˣ
ɷװ׳деסˡ


312  ǹ
ɷҪ̲סЦһ󷽵ɷ죬ǹΪһԴԵʿֱ̨װָӳȥ
ʿǰһ첻֪ʱѾǰ˹ȥ
ӣǵͬһ۵磬ڼʮ֮ݵĴ壬嵽ɷװ׳ǰ
ܹ΢΢һ㶣벻ٶȻô죬жϣƶٶȾȻַ١
һܹ֮ʱ䤱
Ȼܹǹƿɷװ׳һ졣

ܹʮһУеĺϽ𵶾ͱԷǹɣв֮ʱǹѾƹܹͬһŭһ㣬ݺݴ̨ģªǿװ׳
ɷ쵹װ׳ڰЦ̨װ׳ķȳĻ׶ҪϺüȼ´ͼڵĺ޷ƿ̨׵ķ
ĿǰǿıޣҲ޷̨װ׳ص˺ȻԼʲǫ̂װ׳ķǿĻԼҲڴ֮ͥ¶ˡ
Ҳǿַ㣬Ҫ˵ַˣҲδػٻ̨װ׳ɷŲܰôֻҪԼװ׳˭ҲκβԼ
̨ͨսаϣǴһЩΪԼܵĳˣԼҪǹ̨ܶװ׳ʲô˺
¡¡
һ㳡ĵ涼΢΢
˾ĿУ̨ﵽʮ㣬Ϊɷ쾫Ĵ죬õװ׳ĺϽӱһǹɡ
ɷ۾ʱɴ˲˼ĵزڵĻѾͷĴ۾еһȡ
ɷ˵ʲôҲţﵽʮ㣬ͼڶ޷ٵװ׳һǹͱ˺Ͻӡ
á
ɷʱͻȻ쵱ڳͷһǹ°޵ĻʱޣļڶѾ޷䡣
ȴһǹǿޣ˵ǹƻѾԶԶ˴͵ļڡ
ԼȻǹ뼤ᲢۣһԸΪڶװ׳ķǹҲ͸Ʋװ׳ķˣʵȴһ¡
ɷ֪˿Լ˿ԥװ׳û˶ӣͬûڹǵڹꡣ
ʧȥڹǵڹ꣬ôʧȥװ׳ɷ죬Ҳͨûκ
ɲ뱻֮ɷһݣԼװ׳Ķϣ֮Уܹ׷ɱ
˼µ˾ɷ࣬ͷһ֮Ȼʮݡ
ɷҲԼһеʮֵ⣬Լż£ֻû£˵ĩԼ죬ѸٵһΡ
ȻɷҸоãȴһ£죬ͲһĴڡ
ɷڹĻһֻݵӣڹٿҲﲻӵٶȣڹҪʤΨһϣֻ˯
ϧȴһֻ͵ӣһ˯Уһǹ̳һֱӻɷԴ
ɷʬӸ߸ߵװ׳ϵʱѾӰ
̿ƸӣǰҲǼӵʱ䡣
ɷ죬ܹĺϽ𵶣ٵװ׳ĺϽӣٵɷԴҲǼӵʱѡ
˾
ܹȷӦڼȷŭ֮£۽ֱӵѣѪˮһģǼΪֲ
ɷ첻ܶԱôܹȴǼΪأĩ˸˽ãֵܡ
ɷһܹ˵ĵһˣȻ׵ĴһɷȴûлشĻ
Ҳ֣ɷѾûԴôش
ͨ
ܹסɷ죬ղý̩ɽѹһǹֱڣ˫Ȼú֪
ֻĿɷʬˤϣõϳ
죬һҪɱ㣡
ϧ˵ʱѾˣܹŭˡ
˵ܹ𲻹ǸСмС֣ҪȻղһǹͿܹ
СĶģ֮Աǣ뱨Ȱս˵ɡ
ܹ˺ѷεĲҽʮʿŻع
ǴĲԸַսʿǵ˶ڱڣһΥҪܵͷǵҲܵǣǲŲòɷܹ
ɷһȴҲΪˣҲоµǸΪˣЩиǰԴĦɷˣԼҪ³ˡ
ǻһ˶ѣһ㣬ҲǲɽܣֻҪĴ;Уǰ붫ƣҹٺֻɷ죬ֻҪгԵкȵģ˭ǵĳٶһ
⼸֮߳УȴɷΪ˾ʱ仹£ν˾λõƨɶûȣ㶪
֪Լһγ˭᲻ַ㣿
ԼַܸĴӢۻĻǿɱȸɷǸǼļһҪˬˣЩʿ˵ǲνɷˣ³پͻɣǲŲĳأС
˿̣Ѿ˱ͷһݣӳͷԾ£ʧ˵С
ȥʱ򣬲ûַ֪ͨ㣬ɷˣɷ»вַ磬ɷ൳¿ʵַ鷳ŲֱϷȥ
ַԼⱱǱ֮ΧģɥʬҲѾɢ˴ֵɷҲˣǵǵĿѾɣȻûµıҪˡ
˵ȲǷ˳ǣҲǱǵˣļϽֻ䵽Ӵ̨ͨĥһʱսѡ
Ͻһĺߣܶǿı캣Ѿ˰ߣк࣬ΪϽˣȻбԼ
̨ͨѾǳַ֮ĵڶսˣ֮⣬սԶԶսᲢۡ
ַ֮Ĳֺܴ󣬶ʱҪԽԷҲ첻Ҳͷ˶ʱ֮սַĴ㡣
Ϻһϰߵĺ֣˵ѵõҲһѵõĥᡣ
ԼЩֵĥսİӣڰΧԼͬʱԼսһµĵȼֱһ죬׷ַ㡣
ˣһ·Уһȥͷ
һǹɷ飬ڼ̵ʱڣѸٴ˱ǣһʱ֮䣬Ļ̻̣ɷǲ¡
ַĸ£ų˽𺣷壬ֺһֶΣЩʿ뽫ǴһƬȶ˳ľ档
Ļ̵̻ľ沢ûнڱǻȺףɽ˭Ҳ˭ۿҪΪ˾һְ֮У𺣷һЩԥƼַ㵱˾
ϢһʱõȫǾӵַǰǱǵˣȱǾˮ֮Уû˺üˡ
ڽ𺣷ַ㵱ǵľ˾֮ЩҰĲûλЩҲġ
ǶԼģҲַĸǿۡ
ַȴҲû룬ֱӾܾ˽𺣷飬ǻɽ𺣷ĳģԸЩ̫顣
˱ϣ֮ǵ˾˵࣬磬űֻطǣʱոսķ˳ǱҪԼܿˡ
ַ㷢ֽ𺣷˼Ϊת֧ϣ֮˾𺣷屳ַȻ˾һְ
ַ֧£𺣷˳ĵ˱ϣ֮˾ı
𺣷嵱ϱϣ֮˾ַ֮ʾԺԸ׷˳ַ̻ȫĵıɥʬΪΡ
𺣷ĻǱ˱ϣ֮˳ǴϵǾǱΩַ̻֮Ǵӡ
ַ˵ͷﱱǵ֮һҪѱǱɷ˳ǵһ֧ۣ𺣷˵⻰еο
ַȻ𺣷Ӵʱ䲻ȴŶԷƷ񻪱һıǷ˳Ѿվ˽ţĳ¥ӰʵҲڲ
һĺϣ֮ҲڲϷչľԽԽǿЩǿϣ֮ŽһҪȫĵĹޣҲǲܵ顣
ĩ£̨ͨȫĳƹ㣬˭ֻҪڻľڣ̨ͨĵ½˺ţͨƵʣԵ½̨ͨ
ַźǣε½̨ͨȴҲûϹǸѣȻ䣬δΪϽһʵϣ֮˾Ҳһ顣
ǰڱǲսͬ㣬ȴһַҲеЩϧ
ΪΨһһ弶սǿߣַȻм̨ͨЩսǿսа֣ʤĶ򾭳ȥ̨ͨսǿߣȻʧܵʱ٣ҲһûܹҲû̫⡣
ľڣַ㣬սȻ٣ȴûУҲûаԼ̨ͨϵսܷϡ
ҲȥμνսаսֻȤʱҸ˴һܣֵˣһİϡ
һ죬ȴһ֣ھüСʱĲɱ֮Ȼܸ˶Է⻹һ̨ͨܡ
󣬲ʧֶܵǸ˷ս
峡սʤⳡսƵҪսǿҲһŲ̊ͨϵֽͮͮ


313  
ںµʱڣ˺ݾǸͮͮŲ̊ͨϷ˵Ĳಢ˫ҲǸʤ
ʶ˷˺ܺõѣΪԽá
ٺǸͮͮŮϵһų̨̂ͨͨٶ֣вЩƲ֡
ò׵ȵͮͮߣȴûдս˵ԼԺܳһʱ䲻ٵ½̨ͨˡ
׷֮£ͮͮŮ˵ʵ˺ܴ鷳ֻ¶ʱûʱ̨ͨˡ
ʱŭɶȻֻͮͮʶ˰£ȴͬãһߵ˵ͮͮŮҲΪ֮һ
ҧгݣҷҽߣԶ
漴ʾԼԸȥæĻͮͮǰһǿսʵһ˲ĴڣİԼ鷳ʲô
˫ʵе˫֮Ůһ
ԭǰҲ棬ȴû벻ʵйϵôˣȴ̨ͨϳ˺ѡ
ͮͮŮʵнͮ人ϣ֮˾ıŮһսʮǿľǿߡ
˳ǽڣͮ人ϣ֮ǳʹ˳ǣҲӡͮͲȴƯϴ֮ƯŮ
ͮ渵У֪ͮʲô鷳
ǰͮĸһ;ϮΪĸָļ̳ˣͮȻҪ̳人ϣ֮˾һְ
人ϣ֮ڲһصˣֶͨΣõ˾Ľ֧֣Ҫͮ˾һְ
ȻͮȨƣȴ֪ǸصԶøǸʮײеˣһص˾Ȩٵ⼸ѪйصˣҪٱҵ³
ҲȻ飬˭֪ͮǰ˾ָĽӰˣӵͮĽҲΪȹԼͳΣزɱĽͮԼ׽չѪȵϴ
ͮʾֲ˾ҲģϾͮǰ˾ŮֻҪţȻкܶӵߡ
ΪԼһвڸֻ֮жͮնɱΪߵܹúûȥҲҪ
֪ͮʶӾȻǷ˳ڣַ֮ĵڶ̻еս֮Ҳϲ⡣
ȥ˳ǣҲнַ̻˼Ȼʱ˳ǸոսƾŮеֱӣͲ³Ժķ˳ǣȻܳΪȫӰϣ֮ǡ
ľǿıϣ֮ǣĳϣ֮¥ϣ֮Ƕ֮Ტۡ
ʵҲ֤ʵԤУڱɥʬΧַ֮첻һսʿ˽ʮɥʬ
ǿ۱ɱϱشٴεõȣλĽ𺣷壬֮񣬱˶ַ̻ġ
ʵϣıѾ˷˳ǵһ֧𺣷ϣ֮˾ַܱǰˡ
ǵͽַ̫࣬ȫļٸϣ֮ĴַȻһһύ죬ͮɵð̾ԼãȻ̨ͨϽʶ˷˳ǵĺ֮һ
ַæĴ벻人ԼˣҲԳصҰġ
ֵʱ֪ͮݣ֪Է˳ǣַĺС֪֮вؿ⵽׵ġ
ȻǿϰԼ˵˳ҲվԼһߣ˷˳ַ̻֧֣ʲôԼ
ַ˵ԼҪ人ϣ֮ǣΣѵĽõʱַҲǳһ벻ʶͮ벻ͮ˾һְģȻһء
һһǿĴڣĩڣͮľ˾һְַӡһǣһϽһϺϣ֮ܵ˴ͷֵΧ
Ȼǿ󣬵ںֵ֮ƾһ֮ЩӦˣȫĵϣ֮ǷȣܺãΪֺܽʱܶϣ֮Ǿɳ֧Ԯ졣
ѾȨ˵ظԮϺϣ֮ǡ
ȴȥæģȥ˵ģеսʱ̣ȥ˵ҥ˵ذܣ˽һ⣬£ЩرĽͶ人ϣ֮ǡ
Щ̰ĽһҲǣڻľڣѼصıǿϣ֮ǣĹѾıأ
ѾǴ˵зݵأܵĴڣϾһˣ˵Ϻϣ֮ĽǱЩ״ݻ٣ԼҲ֮ص³
人ϣ֮һˣ人ڻĸأûŷ˵вֲԿֲޣﴦڻĵУ˵Ǹʵ츮֮
ص˵֮£Ϻϣ֮ڴĽתͷ人ϣ֮ǣϺϣ֮ǵķ
ȫĵİ֮£ȻջʤӴϺϣ֮ҲһƬ档
飬ظû밵֮еɥʬս֮ǰţ죬˵˭Ӳĵ˵ԼҪɱϵɥʬ
սһȴ˵ܵĶ죬ܵÿ죬ʱϣ֮ǵĺȣЩͶ人ϣ֮ǡ
人ϣ֮ҲǻľڵһǣЩϣ֮ǵ˾֪Լˣ人ϣ֮ǵԶԶԼҲֻԹ
ȥԵĽһޱȵļһַ㻹е㲻ģ֮ǿĩڵڵ־񷣬۵ǿߡ
ȻǿϾһʮŮȻսǸԶԶصĶ֡
ַиһ뷨Ǿ֧ͨͮԼӰչвȥԶԶ࣬ɥʬȺսʱ֮ǰֺҪ
ַ㣬ѾӰ컪ı˳ǣĳ¥ҲӰ춫غĺϣ֮ǣϧݳǵ̫ѶĲֲ̫Ӱ졣
人ϣ֮һˣ人ش룬һ˿ڶĴǣҪǣַӰΪ㡣
ֲַͨͮȴ԰ԼӰչһȥ񻹲ĩ꣬ŻĸûԼֵĺûᡣ
һԼȫİź֣磬ȺսʱԼһӦ࣬𰵺ޡ
ֱַӱʾҪһȥ人ַĻȻ˵ĻϲȸԾ
ַ㲻ԼȥôԶ֣ȴû뵽ַ㲻һڴӦһȥַ̫ԼˣŻԼһȥ֡
Ķ֪ô֪ϢҲʾҪһȥ
ַûжֱӾܽӣԼһȥ人ϣ֮ǣдҪģֲȥɽˮĶ²ļһȥǸԼ
Ķ棬䣬˵Լ人֮󣬾ַ鷳˵ĩ֮ǰ˽εĺãַЩˡ
ڴѧǵӣַ̾ϢһǿͬĶ飬ԼڵֻҪСӲͱԼӦӦˡ
֪ôõϢֱӶַͨ뺣ǾһҲҪȥַ人ϣ֮еĸȰ˵ҪȥõΣա
ȻͬˣԴַ˰֮˵ĹϵЩΣ˵òã˵˲ˣǰһЩſƤﰮ⡣
˳ڴַӣѾͷֶַжӵϢ֮󣬱Ҳû˸֦ˣһ£˭ַŮˣ
һļ˸УַҲζԼڱԼӣڱʱ򣬰һ˹ڱ
Լְڿưȫķ˳Լһʱ䣬̻һʱ䣬һ͸Ტˡ
ַͻȻӿһ˿Ǹ⣬һ绪ïŮԼΪİȫȴڹһطҲѹ˷߷߲ƽ
ǰȫˣϾһˣעԼľԼڹĳɳҲΪ
һ㣬ַͬһȥ
ԼϸҲ¶˷ܵı飬ģַҲ΢οһЩֻҪԼиˣԸʲôԼӦȥ֧֡
ַ㣬ĶĸˣһС͵ķǸĩǰĽγ࣬и߶ȻһףڵͿշȴҲȽγҪϺü
˳еҲȱγӷ˳ǵ人ϣ֮ǵĵ·Ѿ𺦣û޸ǿȥĻ粽п죬ǲѡֵͿշ
ֵͿշԻһһżһС͵ϣ֮ţֵͿշ˿Դ֮⣬ûʲôսܣŵַļ۸ԶԶڻס
ֵͿշսȻǿŻǿļǿߣıҲǣǻˡ
߸Сʱʱ䣬ַ˱人ϣ֮ǣ˷ûüǣһǳɫȹŮͮӭ˳
ȻʹõַҪ人ϢǰȺǡ
ǰ΢ƫݣȴһ崿ַͮסЦЦ
һŮȻ̨ͨϣƽ֣֪ڣô̺ǿս
ͮǰƯˣԸе̻ȣȻȫͬ͡
˵ָ̻ĳŮ˵Ļֿͮ崿ޱȵڼСãϸһŮеַвԼ
ַһõĿǰŮѽͮϴ˵¸Уȷ񣬶ѩ£һСŮеĽ
ҰĵҪּ崿ֽƻŮζɣ


314  ҹ
սˣãҽͮڷ˳Ǽ棡
ͮƤһЦ˰Сַ֣ǰÿ۾г
ͮ׵ļƽȣԶվĶʱˮ
ŮǺ񣬼Ʒѽ֪ϴûȤûȤĻԼŮ
ҲѹĶһͱѾͷסˣͮЦ͸һеŮƻ崿Ϊһ壬һ˵
Ķ޲ǰͮС֣˵һһ֮Ŀ׻ûռ˫޳Сֵıˡ
ͮ˫ȴǵݵԼǰȥջַȥˣԼչȥһѵĻͮѾͷָ̧һŹأ
ĶȴϴߴַϽ׽סͮС֣Сֻ۲ۣ
ȻǻڣַȴԼ׽סǰŮС֣ƺЩòԼϾԷǺϤ
ַ㲢û̧֣΢΢Цұ˼꣬ԺͽִɣУҲϣԼʵй¶ȥ
ַϴΰѽ𺣷Ƶ˱ϣ֮˾λãѾڻľڣ⵽˺ܶϣ֮ǵķ飬ոϣ֮ǴɵĹʶ໥֮䣬Էڲ
ַ人ϣ֮ǵϢȥһЩϣ֮ǵ˵룬ǲΪַ人ϣֹ֮Ϊַ㲻ϵֵܳа˽ˣû̲Է
ݹ˵ĻĿǰ־£ҲȫĵŽᡣ
ͮ΢΢һǱѩŮȻµַе⣬֮һЦԼź۳˻Ĵк
ǰ崿ŮҲԶԷкøУͲ˶٣ߴߴ˵ͣ
漴ַĶͮһ人ϣ֮ǣ˳ַ㷢人ϣ֮뱱ǣ˳ǣȣսʿʵͨʿϵҪЩϣ֮˺ܶࡣ
˵人ϣ֮˿ȱǳǵ˿ٶ٣ڻĵӰȴЩвԶˡ
Ȼĩٵʱ人һܵάԶԶ籱ǿҡ
ĩ֮人һûǿıȺ֣İ֮ǣҲû人ϣ֮Ƿ̫ĳͻ
ְݵĻʹ人ڵԶ绪Ķϣ֮пᡣ
ĳ¥ԴӽԾŷϣ֮ǵսһİ֮ǵʵҲǿѹ£ʹ¥ʵϵ׳
غһϣ֮ǣںֵѹ֮ҲڿпĻûлЩϣ֮ǣһսսʿǿ˻ľʵ
һ㣬̨ͨսаϾͿԿóǻרսа񣬶ǻߺһǿ߾Ӷࡣ
Ļĸأȴûеλ׵ľǿߡ
Ȼͮеһ⣬ڷ˳һȥַصʱ򣬱Ѿﵽʮ
²Ǵﵽʮ㣬ַʮıҪǿһ
Ŀǰͮ˵˵ƽĿǰǿսȫڻĵһǿ֮С
ܹ֮ʤģҲַ㣬죬ĪƷ˶ѡ
ַҲɻΪʲôӵǿսȴأѵصսǿԼĵزŽͮе޷Ӧ
ַͮһҾ¥Ϊǵĵӷ硣
ڶ¥ľͲʹУŽսʿַע⵽Щ˵Ŀ죬Ȼǲ人ϣ֮ǡ
Щ󶼺ǿڶʮսʿȱȽǣʮսʿҲв١
ͩӣҿЩ˲人һˣǶʲô
ִȻ۲΢һ۾Ϳ˳人ϣ֮Ǹû̫ǿĹޣ㵼ǳսʿǣսԶԶȲ뺣Щϣ֮еսʿøһıߣΪǿԼʵڳ͹ݣôԴȫƸǿ߼͹ݡ
øǽصǸ˰ɣ
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ĶͻȻһԲڵС̫ˣҿ˸ûнɢ͹ݣǽ͹ת˵£㸸׳֮Ҳû˿ƺŰ͹ְ˳
ͮһü˵Ļ˵ĲøƷȻô£ǿȴǲʹǿƣҸ֮͹ݵֳ䵱˽˴֣ƳĽøЧҡ
ܶҸײԸøĽǣĪ˲١ߣһЩսʿսֱɱ˼ˣǲŲˡ
ַ˵ͷͮսΪ֮ڣȣ˵һսʿȻĶ֡
͹ݵǿǣ֪ͮǣȻս˵Ҳ֪ڱǡ
ͮĸȺףЩսʿŸҹȻðλ人ϣ֮ĴС㣬̽ķӦ
ĿǰкܶཫѾͶأЩðͮˣ㵼¾̳˵ͮҲκβЩƵսʿ޿κ֮£̨ͨϽʶԮ
ֲǳ˵˵ĵطнֻҪнڣ
ǰŵʱΪ人ϣ֮ǵĽߣȻѹסĻǿߣһһЩĵļһǱȲ˳
ر֮һһЩǸǽͷݣ˭ǿ˭գڼԽԽ֮󣬱׷ͶأͮĴԽԽѡ
ͮһɫĶһƬظ˵Сģϴ󲻳ͷҲЩҸʱ䣬ص͹ݣ
人һȣҲȽϡȱ¸иûпյͮǳԷŻӵĴ֮нС
ڴ˵ȴһãǾĻܱƫƫĶ˵ֲע⣬͹ݵĻһ˵ʱкüϬĿģǼơ
ĶʱΪ⣬ҲϴˣȻǰƵĿ
ҵ͹ݣֻǵûǿߣСүȥǵ͹ݣ˵۸ˡ
ĶԴޣͮȻŵ΢Ц·𿴵Ŀеż㣬ϴһ˿㽣ǽĶĻ˼㡣
ʵȴǣͮĶҪɽʮ㣬սǱ߳һأһĶҲǲ֪ȻԼ޳֮ܵС
ͮЦ͹ݵҲ̫ʧɣ˵͹ݵλѾﵽʮսʮ˵ãʲôʱȥ͹ݣСһȥΪװװƣ㽫Щ˴
Ҹղ˵ʲôˣˣҸղ˵Щ˺ܺóԣϴСϣӣǶԵ㣬Щ˵ζĺܲ
Ķп񺹣͹ݵĹʲô·Ȼﵽʮ㣬Ҫߺü㣬벻СС人浹ҲԻ
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޳ѽͮСѾͷԼǿȴװһҪԼģǵԼķģǰºڣԼ˸ѡ
ͮѾͷ̫ˣʵʹףСӣԼ崿ģƭһ㵱˲ɵñ
ĶʱʵʵĳҲ˵͹ݵĻˣȥ͹ݣҲԼϴȥԼôʲô
ϧĶڲ鷳鷳ȴ
δһ˹һ˰еľ͵һţϵһӲ
һָĶ˵Сӣղ˵ʲô
ΪԷ˹ûϵƣ϶ʮ߰¶ɡ
ڻʮĶҪʰҲ£Լַı֤ϵûʲôҸղֻڳԷѡ
ղ˵Ҫǵ͹ݣǲǣ
Ķŭ˵ԵСүʲôʱ˵⻰ˣ㲻ҪСү
սʿ£ͮϺһ˵λҵѣء
ͮɰЦˣŶһı䣬ɫǴһɲŭƣȻû¶Լϵȴʹ˾ǡ
ַ㰵΢Цͮ¶һŮϢˣ
ͮǳ˾Ůƽʱٲôͷ¶棬սʿҲʶСֻҪ֪Ѷ˵ĻַҲûǡ
һսʿͮһ˵СѾͷûѵƾʲôһ仰ǾСĻԺˣ˭ֵܵ£
һսʿĿϣЦСѾͷõҲȻֹиļλϼƯˣɣǼֵһһƣֵܺһֵһˣ˵ǡ
ַһ˿⣬ôһ㲻ͮӣ˵ʲôͮҲǰ˾ŮָĽӰˣսʿ˿ȴͮˡ
֮Գںһ˱˳ڶǣ͹ݸոнˣʶͮ
˵Ϸϲ̵˵ָ磬˽ƣ˵Ǹô죿
ַһ˵ҹ


315  ûʱ
ʲôӣ
һ󺺶ʱŭɶ˵Ѿӽʮ㣬ǾҪؼǣ˵ҲǱϹϾַһ˵˵Ļһŭڡ
󺺷쭵ģַ鵭ʵʵ˵ǡ
ã㡭
һ󺺼ַƲеĺƺʵʣ˽նɱвЩˡ
ͬ˵ϸ磬˴ˡ
УҽҪЩ֪һӽʮǿߵϣǾܱһȺСðġ
˵Ļû˵ַ꣬㿴ɵһ˶Էһۣһ߳
󺺵߸߷ײһ鲣ִ֮Ӵֱˤ˳ȥһॡ
ʱ¥¸ǴһͨҽȻˤĲᡣ
¥У˶ûԷˣǷ׷װĿַԷϡ
˾ɲĿУĶ˵ɫ糣·ղʲôҲûз⼸˸ûһճԺȡ
ͮ˰ַܹһ߷Ҳûʲô𾪵ǣ̨ͨĥĸȻûַղһô߳ȥġ
ʣµ΢΢һַָ㣬˵λѣҲ̫Ե˰ɣҵλѵ㣬ҲĶ֣ǿ͹ݵˣɮ濴桭

ַͷҲ̧˵
ȴҲסˣ͹ؽƸģȻַһƺǣһ仰ˣԺô͹죿
¶һεģһּΪɰ˵λ磬ҵָΪʲôǵģ
㡭СѾͷ˵Ҳ𣬿Ұ㡭
Ȼɵַ㣬ȴδСŮ벻СѾͷȻڳЦֵַĻǰѵˡ
󺺶ʱԹĿ⿴󺺶ݺݵĿУȻǸղǸɰģ
վһЦһ֣㽫׳˶߸𣬲΢΢һ˴档
ǵš
洫һͨҽгԷǿǶסˣЩѲ˼е˱С
ղǿߵӽʮ㣬ʮҪ˵人ϣ֮ǣȫģҲŵϺŵǿߡ
һ˺һߵ˴ϣһʮСŮɵ˳ȥսʿЩǰûһ㻹ֵ
Ůʲôˣ
ҲϳͮҲ֪֮ľ𣬸ղսʿش͹ݣ˵Ҳ֪ͮذнϾˡ
͹ǿƣղ˱ʰңһһưͿģֿˡ
ҲһЩСսʿ٣ǵܵµǣϽ˼ڣæ뿪˲
ַͮԺȣ·ղŵûз
һЩսʿͮȻһξ˾ָĽӰˣȴѾⲻ٣ظе͹ݣԲĽչ˷ϴ
ЩڴϣĪ͵ϮʧٵĽһ֮ڣﵽʮ֮ࡣ
ЩʧٵĽǶһͬ㣬ǶҪͮ˾һְ
ͬʱҲչ˻֧֮˾Ľչ˴ķͣٽΪннΪϽϽǣôݺǡ
زиŬ£ȫٰٷ֮ʮĽѡ֧ؽλã֧ͮԽԽ١
죬ͬȴһŰƵսʿߵ¥ȥսʿһٱݣ˵Լ͹ݵˣͲһ㺰ԼصĹˣϣͮ˷Ź
ͮȻ֮ܿɰСŮսʿһѴӴ˳ȥͮһŮûһǺǵģ֮Զ͹ݵ˳֣Ҳͮʼˡ
˻ǶͮĴеۣΪѾʧȥ˷صʱոձʱ򣬵ȷܶཫǣ֧ͮӹܾ˾һְ
֧ͮĽһһĳ£֧صĽǣ򲻶ϵܵã˫ԱѾԵı仯ͮսʿ޷Ťתȫ֡
پ̾ϢһͮĴеۣжٻͮģϾָͮĽӰˡ
ذͽõģֻЩȨ߶õĽǣоͲ͵ֻһЩͼ٣еľȴûеõصκκôŲء
ѳɣҲҷأðԼСȥЩֻͬĿ⿴ͮ
¥һɧʮսʿ˶¥оиղˤ¥սʿַһȥսʿͷȥģˤ˸Ӷˤˡ
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͹ﲻԶ˻ص͹֮ҵһֵĳϣͼӴ׵˵һ顣
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˵͹ݵͬڲԶĲ͹ݱŹϸ鶼ûʣڵĴ˱ǼҲ͹ݡ
˱ӵսʿһԼıӣһ˵ϣŹֵҪֵѽ
еսʿǿ͹ݵ˹авá
һһһһΪϲȴ˽ʮ㣬͹ǿǿ֮һȻزϲȴȻôˡ
żʮսʿ˶¥ַеĳŷ·ûһ㣬һѱˡ
⼸˵ĵҲ̫ˣ͹ݵˣ޼ɵĳԺȡ
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ͮΪ׵һ˵ڵģʲô
ղűַ¥սʿǵȷʶͮҲðԷֻĶ輰͹ݣŸϹѵĶַ˸ѵˡ
Ȼϳͮȴͮڵ人ǣأͮȻϣ֮еĴС㣬ĸѾˣǸʧƵĴСѡ
ķ˲缦ڵͮǸ缦ķ˰ˣԳԼӵʮȻͮʮȴΪ
ΪͮǸ߸ϵĴС㣬ǿһ㣬ҲδĶ֣еѵѵͮһŮ
С㣬ѸղŴ͹ݵˣȻĴС㣬Ҳøһ˵
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˿ɫ糣ȻͷԷַһ˵𣬲֪Ҫʲô˵
ȻҪЩ˴͹ݣݺݵкˡ
Լ⣬úкַ㣬仰˵Ҳˣ人ϣ֮У͹ݾһ˿ֲĴڡ
һЩصˣץ͹ݣȥУûһܻŴ͹߳ףǾǰַһ˴͹ݣĥ
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΢΢һһһȭյʧС
տʼʱΪٰ̻ͮЩˣҲʹ˸壬ͮһ
飬ȷַ˶ȣ͹ݵ˿˵ռ˵ǲռҲԼ
ðЩҲ̫ˣԼͮĶԻֲûȴװûϻбЩ˻Ҫŵ
ַһۣƾֱеַЩ˵ͷ죬ǰַȵºõȻ͹ݵˣ
ַ˼ˮðššһĻˣַһɫԽƽԽƲ
Цһ˵ܲˣʵʵĸ߰ɣ
ַ޹˵ȥ
㡭СӹקȻȥǵ͹ݡ
ַԼλϣԼ̫Ѩ·û˯һ㣬һᣬв³֡
ûʱ䣡
ΧΧ۵һƬ
ƣҪǿץַһˣղҲǳڶͮ𾴣ȴû뵽ַȻֵɵ̬ȶ˵
ûը˷ΣѾǸ漣ˣΧ۵˸Ƿ׷ҡͷ˼˵ԸԸ⣬Ҫһˡ
ַ֪ûеĺ壬ǰĿ׻룬ȻȻ˵һûʱ䣬Ȼı飬ͷ·֮ҳһ㡣


316  ֮Լ
Ϊ͹ɲˡ
ַ㵭˵⻰в𣿡
ֻڳһʵĿǰΪֹϵ͹ݵˣûһк³
ǱټˣҲԸһʵвҵˣûһ˿Ի
ַĻ𷴶ˣΪԼվŵģһӣûбҪһ
人ڣǸս˾Ҳҵ͹ݣַʲô·Ȼû֪ͷۣҲ޷ӵкüԱ͹Կӣǰ˲ǸͽǸӣŸ͹ݡ
һЦµɼΣȻҶ͹ݵ˵⻰Ҿ͸һܲõϢ㱾Բģȴ͹ݣֿԱ˵ɡ
ԭ͹ݵģ͹ʲôпգȥҲˡ
ַ⻰һڣٴξĿɿڴ񿴷һ㿴ַ㣬ַ˿Ӣòһµĸ䣬һˣȻԲѵ˵Ҫ͹ݡ
Լ𣬾·ѵɱ͹ݵļǿ𣬾бɱ͹ݵļˣôưոݣ人ǵӰ˵ȫǵľӶԸˡ
Χ۵̾һտʼǼַֹ죬ΪǸڣǲŷַ㲻Ǹ²ƺĿͽѡ
ͮҲ̫û۹⣬֪һ޷Ŀͽڴ֮ͥ˵ķ軰Ϊͮġ
Ҿɱ֪ߵغĿͽ
ڷŭˣ˽ַץ͹ݵĴ㣬һͽɱҲˣͮºԹҲţŴһȭַ޷Ŀ֮ͽ
Χ۵Ͼ¶˲֮ɫ˼еŭȡ֮ģҪһеĻɱַˣַ˿˵ˣҲܹĻ
ַֻ΢΢һѾƵ
۾ͻȻ¶˿־֮ɫʮ͹ǿ֮һµĴڣĿȻ޷ַƶ塣
ַһʧУѵǰòƸˣǴ˵еĸǿ
һַ̣һֻѾĺϣ߸߾
㡭ˣ
Ҷһë͹ݱûꡭ
߸ϵһ֮㱻ַס͹ݵļʮսʿȫһԣǵʶ˺ü
һסһʮĸǿߣֻ͹ǸصĹǰֲ̫ˡ
һ֮͹ݵϲ¶˿־֮ɫ
ַĴֽס߸߾޷Ӷ߸߹ϸ¶˰֮ɫҲղŵš
ƢȻ꣬ҲֻǶ˲ŻƢ꣬ϱҪǿˣٸⷢ쭵ĻԼСȥ
ϧڱַס˺޷˵ҪȻͿˡ
𾪲ѵģȣϵһŮһƽȻǶַľٶγԾͮҲһЦûǰȰַ˼
ͻȻ߳һͮһʩ˵С㣬ղŵҲܹһˣҿбϣλֵܷ𣬶׷ղŵ飬֪СΣ
ϵˣҲͮһˣֻǼִˣųȰ£Ͼ˫ַˣ˭ûкô
Χ۵սʿǼͷȰ£ҲΪַͮӸַҲ˵͹ݡ
ղ͹ݵǿַ߱һ˴˲ǲһ㱻͹ݿ˵ˡ
ַʹֵĻϽˣ͹ֻп˵ͮȻû˵ҲΪǽð취صҲһһϦ飬ЩСԼһûбҪͱˡ
ͮŵһ̯˵飬ҴȫȨûκ
ַͮ磬˲ַ֪ԭݣͮʮҥ˵̨ͨϴɱķûаܹ
˵ͮ人ڣȫǿ֮һȻַΪ磬˾ǺηʥȻͮƳ磿
ɫҲղҲǰ˵ϣ鲻ҪִˣĿǰѾõ˾֧֣ʵϵ人˾˫˺ƤĻԿһͮ
ͮ˵ַȫȨǸַӰˣַ費ɱһԼ顣
ͰЦλϵܣбſ鵽Ϊֹ
пŭԼһ㱻ַٵչ˰죬˵涪ǿҪȻȱȥˡ
Ҳףо¸صϽϣԼպ׷£һΣԼ͹ݿ˵ɨˣǸȥԽŴȵ𣬳ѽ
뵽ԼַȻˣϽһ˵ַ㻹ͮǶҪλϽֱ棬ԼСԱסˡ
һ뵽Աסдż˿ϲɫַһ仰ȴ׹ߡ
˵ע֮£ַޱҡҡͷ˵Ͻ⻰Ѿ˵ˣҴŹκζ˶ɱˣǸ
δ䣬ַһֱľǡ
˫һ˫ȵ˼£ʹ˱ֱһ̣ȻŲŵı飬·ǰһģҲַĸҶ֡
Դ͹ݽϻû˸͹ݣǵü֮ǰһϣ֮еս˾ЦصƷڵҹʮսʿ֪Ǳս˾УԴ
ʱû͹ֻǴ״̬˿ֲʵϣ֮ǵ˾ȻºҲ鵽ɱս˾͹ݣȴûȷ֤ݣֻ
ַڱĵطôǿ󣬵人ϣ֮ǣ人Ǳֻܵ͵ˣ͹ݵˣֻ·һ
ַһ֣һַл䣬ᵹ˵ϣ͹ǿ֮һʹ˱
ϽɫҲüΪѿ̾һ˵С㣬ѣ人ǴѣҲὫٲ֮أ
ͮҲ΢΢һȻûϵַǿӲϽԸϵǰ£ɱ
һʱ֮䣬ƯŮҲ֪˵ʲôãֻǵͷ
Ķ˵Ҳµ˹µĿʼȴûвµµĽ֣̾ѽ̾
˴ľ˹УĶ˵ĻδЩЦ˶ַĺֶθסˣӲûһЦ
ҡҡͷͮͬ˵ѪǿӲںܳһʱ䣬ƽˣһֽϣ֮ǣпͮصĻзֱиꡣ
ãСţ͹ݾưոݡ
ЩսʿЩ֮תҪ뿪ǵıַͻȻ𣺡˭Ҷ
ЩսʿȥĲָϽ˻ַɱʮǿߣɱǾ͸ˣȻ˵人Уû˸͹ݵˣǰȴǸ⡣
ַѾɱ䣬Ȼںٶɱַ˵仰֮͹еļʮսʿ׷ױɫȴûһ˸ҶһԼ塣
һսʿ죬Ͻ˵λˣԩͷծ飬ҪԸԸҲˣֻǱǸƭġ
սʿָŸղűַ¥սʿһֺõ˵ֻǱؽƸģ֮׷أҲΪеݺҡ
ַļһΪ˱סԼС˳ת棬վϣԼֻǸ˴򹤣ʵˣȻ۸ǣϲҪģȴ˭ܵĿ졣
ŲΪ͹ݵͷԼСأսʿ˵սʿҲ׷ָǵͬ飬˳Ա˳ŵãַ㣬Ǹˡ
սʿ㿴ңҿ㣬һַǰ
ˣֵǹۿ˵ͣŵ㣬Ǵֵһʶֵܰɣ
ѽˣݣɱݡ
ַҲûȤС鷳Ȼ˵ʬҲ߾뿪һڵϣôԷ
вΧ۵˷׷Ѫʱˣַ㻹³Է
սʿǰʬҪת뿪ַ㿴Щˣ˵ȥǵĹҾ͹ȥǵ͹ݣ⡭ǵĹǰˮϴԼĲӣԱ㷽ҿԴ

ò͵սʿǣ͹ݵ˼ʬǱӵģжһġ
벻ǿ߾ˣַƺݣ͹ݣնصĹ
ͮȫ̯ƣʱ人ֻҪѪɺˡ
˴ϣĶȻַ˵ϴ㲻˵ҪҪ͵һôڲл֣
ǽ͵һ㣬ǽ裬ס˭ֻҪǸͷ϶˵
ַɱ⵱ȻжôɱҪͨǿӲֶΣͮǿģͬʱشһźţԼˣϣ׼


317  ŰɱȺ
֣ôŮûһ۵ģ
һĸߴʮ΢ЦŶһ˵
˵˵ϥһʮߵŮĴ֣ǴŮĵװ˽ǰסŮǰһĨѩף¶һΪܵģ
Ů廹δȫɣȴѾʮ崿ɰŮ󺺵ĻһĿֻţͬһֻܾС񣬽СǲϲȻк֮
ֻĴֲϵַ£ŮоԼؿʹϮȴһҲ֨ҪȻЩϲŭ޳ĶħС
ʮĴ󺺣人ֿȵͮԶøأΪĴ󺺣͹ݵعʮĴڣµĵһ֡
ڣ͹ݵĹ֮⣬ϽװĽǶǾʵĽǱ򣬳֧ߡ
ǵϥϣ§һ̬˵ŮŸֲĿĶǷҰްĵͺ
ЩڵŮ崿ͬǶһľ֣ǾӨĴزжദ࣬ȻǱЩǸġ
ĩУڳϦӵޱȨֽȻͬĻУܶ˶ѾŤЩȨĽ
ҲǸ߸ϵĴ󽫾Ҳͻ;УԼûȥûʧȥȨ֮ǰǲŻἫ֮¡
Щǣһ߰̾ĩĲףһŰߵŮͨŰԷ㣬ЩһŮǣЩŤĽ衣
Ů˵ʲôҲ벻ףƽЩ߸ϣģſڱվͰΪȫϵĽǣΪʲôŤ̬
ЩʿУһ϶ĳߣܺܶͨʿ𾴣ЩŮǰȴһʮ
ΪʲôЩǰˣƷ֮󣬾Ͳأ
йˣ͹ݵ֮⣬һŮˣûһ˿ڶļûзϡ
صĻ˵ָ֪ҵȺá
Цš˻Ů߸βһѣʵ֪ΪʲôԿŮиоǰЩŵȴ޶أ
ҲЦǸʮޣŰɱŮȤȴˣǵΪҲǿȥ
ûиЩһŪŮ⵱ȻЩŮԴһֵȺá
ŪŮʱϲŪ˶ԷĥǰŮ֮ٶŮʬ巢й
ڵŮȻ˵ĶǶη۹⿴ıУ̵Ū
ȻЩǽšһһ飬ٻԻ䵽Уǲޱȡ
ı飬صһЦ˵ֲҪ⣬õֵܣô˸أ
˵⻰֣Ǳƿһ󺺼ͷһŶȹŮ˽Ů³˵ϡ
һŮģϾ¶˾֮ɫŮҲϵãǾһλʵȨĽŮΪһֱؽξ˾һְصĹϵΪ
һǰͻȻصʧˣʬܶ˰лʧйء
أ人һ죬ɣҲȥأԼҲʧˡ
⼸Ůôһ£ԭһǰǵͬͻȻʧ٣Ȼйء
ʱŮҲʧ֮һŮڻֹеİҲˡ
֣㿴Ѿͷô
ȵĿ⣬ͷ˵СѾͷλģҲ崿ȻǺܷܶҵθڣϲŰɱһ߰ʸŵŮһᡭһڼ˷ȥ
ŮӵԹĿ⿴ء
صǲΪ⣬֣һָͷɱǰŮŲŮԹĿأңһἫС
ŮĿ䵽ǼϵʱͻȻ¶һ˿ϣ⼸ĸ˽ã໥ֵ֮ƣ벻ǶԼǰ
Ůϣ˵壬壬壬Ƕ̫ˣλ壬ħ̵ɱҵĸףǶҸ׵ĺѣҪҵĸױѽ
Ǽ϶ʱ¶֮ɫǰ֮Ůĸ׳ֵܣΪȨˣȴΪأ˸֮ص³ʱգôΪλͬ˵أ
صǹЦλСѾͷҲ˵ˣҪĸױô˵
⡭ǰԣ๼Ůǲʶ壬ȻػģĶǶֲĶɱˡ
˵Ĳʶ̧ٵҰѾͷɱ˲С
նݲ紵ǧ򲻿ɶСѾͷаʴ֮ģֲ㶯ֵĻбͺˡ
Ůһ˿֮ɫôһ¡
Щȥĸ׳ֵܵĽǣɱ׵֣Ѿһ֮ѣΪǶ人оصĴ󽫾Ϊֹԭϸûй֡
صͷ⼸ı֣ʵϣŮΪ̽⼸ĵߣЩǱԼлûй
λ˵ĲĻȻ£֣ˡ
ַģһԼͶ̥Ůˡ
ְĿ⿴Ǽ־˵λֵܣֻҪԸ׷ңԺһ𣬱ƯŮˣɿڵʳһһٻ֮
Ǽһֵ̬ܾͶл˾ˡ
Ǽ˾˾ûЩĻ޳ܣкãĴЦ
ЩЩסеŮǣȻûκα飬ȴе䣬ͬʱ࿴ϯ޳ܵ顣
һȺǿָ߸ϵǣȻһŰɱһͲ޸֮ŮвЩ޳ܡ
ǵȴ˵һ䲻ĻҪȻҲǰŮһڼȥ
ǰЩˣûһޣһ㲻˿Ļɡ
ŮͻȻЦ԰׵ϴһ˲ðʣײУҲһ˿ԥҲûǰŰɱŮиһֲõԤС
Ů֪ͻȻԾײ˲֮ͬһƬҶ㴹ֱ¡
زȻɫʮ¥Ůֱ˫ۣһͷӴȥȻᱻˤһ̲ࡣ
ȻŮϣŮˣȴδ̫ˣ˼Ĳأиոջع
ղŮϴʥŮ㲻ðʣǽõĴҹ㣬ŮŰɱ˼
͹ݵһǿߣ뷴Ӧٶȸǿʮκ˻ûзӦ֮ǰѾڵ˴ǰ̽צŮץȥ

ŮжϣƲ˥ֱӳˤȥڱץסһ˲䣬Ů¶˾֮ɫȴ±Ⱥħֲ˵ֶĥ
ҲѾϳղץˣµһ֣ϲŰɱŮ˶
䱻֮Ů¶˽֮ɫȻȻһԼװȥˡ
Ӹ߿пŮӿһʧĸоŮƯʼõŮܱԼŰɱҲúܲģһᣬһͷӴȥ
ȻŮһ£׹ٶȴԶԶµľתʹͻȻʮԶԶŮٶ׹ȥŮԽԽ
пϲӣͿץסŮˣȻ׹֮ʮңץסŮ֮Ȼȴа취˵׹֮ơ
ͻȻԶӰһһװһͷ˲֪ʱݵ˰УһѱסŮһתȥ
Ȼ֪һװڷƮ˭˾Ȼ֮ǰסŮжʱŭһȭˡ
߿е׹֮ƣϵʹһﵽһ˿ֲĵز
˱ַ㣬ڶһȭ֮Ҳ΢΢һղ֮⣬һŮӸ߿£ϵ۽ڲӵʱڷɱסŮ
˶ַԴһȭʱַЩ󲻽⣬ղż˴ӿп£ΪԼһ˵ġ
ȴû뵽Է˵ݺݵһȭһҪȡģַҲû룬һȭ
ַ֣вЦ
ַǴӵԾģӰ죬ֵǴӸ߿ģ׹ĹԣٿʹԼʮ򵽶ʮ㣬ֻ֮»ûܹס
Ȼʶַ㣬ַˣб˻жԷĴ㣬һ֣ʹóȫ
ꡣ
ĿУϵ˼ףֱҲֱϣٴʱŮѾӰ


318  ߹
ԼŤεĸ첲а𾪣˭ȻһȭԼֱۣԼղŴӸ¥£˹ԣԼĹ
ĵһȭȻԼһֱۣ人ϣ֮ʲôʱһ
ַղųȭģƺûʹȫʱ䤱ʹȫĻ᲻һȭԼأ
人ڣҪһµǿˣ֪ǵѣһֻץסԼ˵ĸ첲۶ϵĹͷλ
ڵʣǶһ첲Сʱ֮ڱԻָȻֻϵĸ첲ϣղųֵǸˣȴиеһֻţԼĵ˵Ļ֪ʲô취ܶԸ˶Էأ
㷵ػֹȵʱǼȴ˳һǼλȥʱ䲢˵ǻûоˣǲôͳģѵǵˣ
֣λôôͳˣ
زûлشĻѯǸأ
ҸղûץסѾ˻Ǻӣҵġ
û˵ղһصˣһֻ첲йҵŮ˵ҵ˸¥µĻǺȥˡ
˵ҲΪ˱סԼ棬صҲû׷ʣص˵ǼˣˤˮУҲᱻˤһ΢СѾͷ޹ش֡
£ֹģʵֺ£
ղҵõܱǸ֪ͮһǿߣ˳֮һԲϱɱ𣬻ȥǵ͹ݡ
ԭΪ²ã͹ǿ򣬾ǿƾһˣҲδб²͹ݰɣ
տʼʱҲ룬Һȴ˵˽һ棬ɱȻ㲻͹ǿߣҲнʮڼս֮ŰܸԷģҲ̫£ȴǱɱġ
Ҳеأһɱʮǿߵˣ˸жôĿֲֲŮ˵˼ûˣҲ˼Ǳûġ
ѵԼղϵˣͮİ˵һȭ֮һı㿪ʼֹ
Լʮ߿ԾµĹԣԼһȭͮİֵĻԼ鷳ˡ
֣µ˵̨ͮͨһǸ˾̨ͨǿߣǸ˼Ȼ人ǣЩգʰҵĸ֣Ͱˡ
ǰ⻰һظ˵Сһ׮ȴͮİղֵһˡ
ЩĻ˵ʱһᾡΪҲˡ
Ŀһ˿ɱζƽʮģˣ΢һɡ
ʮԺɨ£ȴս͹ݵǸû̫Ȥ֪ʲôԵʣ
ز֪еĵģΪղûϹңŵ²ߣһο˵֣ղŵҲطϣ人ŮƣԸ⣬һŰɱʮŮûκ⡣
˾˵ǣŮеģһжеģͮ˵Ǽ֣ôֵĶ֡
ֽʮۻҲҲ֣ѷ˳ǵַҲδֵĶ֡
콫˵Ķԣ˽⣬ַֻʮȴʮԷ˳ǵֵַĶ֡
ûƨһҲǣʮ͹ԼͮЩ
һ׻˵Ϊǿ꣬αҪȵ֮󣬽ǴأҾͰǺˡ
Ǽ϶¶˲֮ɫ
˼ƺԶ֣밵оһͮİ֣˵Ϊһŷʵսʿ൱ǿߵΪ١
Ϊ͹ݵĵһǿߣȴݣҪȺŹԷصˣΪĿĲֶεˣǶҲû̫⡣
˵仰֮Ҳǰ̾ĩһһֱվ۷ǿߣ˳ǵ̨֮ͨҲȥΣжʱ䣬еһսǿ߶
ʱΪԼȫսǿˣǽ죬صһ֣һȭûڼʱڽıʤģսʿΧŹķɱԷ
м£Ҳڶûʶ̨֮ͨսаϵϵһıҪΪַ㣬ͮ˲мȥһ̨ͨϽʤ˼̣ΪԼ޵ˡ
죬ַ֮󣬲֪Լսַ̫ԶиǵͮǿߣղϵǸˣԷƽһսĵûˡ
ڰɱȴģϾ人ǣ͹ݵĴӪ͹˵ĹģҪһЩǿϮɱˣʲô⡣

пµĹֻһ㱻һĿ˸סˣĶ߸Ǻ磬Ȼڱٵıܡ
Ȼ֪˭ȴΪǸġ
人ڣѾһ죬˶ģȻǲԼʹˣŰ˾Լɣ
ħϽſҡ
ֱַһɣſŮڷſŮͬʱ˳ֳŮϸǿŮַ㣬Ȼ󵫸ͦزϵϸһķ߷֮ɫ
Ӣʱ򣬹۾ԵһȻûϵǰ˧
漴뵽ǰȻӢȷصצԼǲԼʹѣΪĳá
ڸղַڿеļսڱ۾Ůûע⵽Ŷ϶ַµצҪȻô˴ɣʱ̼ʱԼأ
߹һú
ַ㱻ŮĻסˣԼľмԼԼ߹ַһô˵Ŀ
Ժעһ㣬ղŵľٶΣա
ͼװɣΪʶĿ
ַҡҡͷŮȴЩĪ֪ǲǸղŴӸ߿£ŻˣŻ
ַղŴӸ߿׹£ͬҪŮ󺺣ԼΪ˾ŮΪʲôȴҪԼʹɱأ
󺺵ȴʵԼϵ۽ֻ»ӦǸˣַѾ⣬ͷʹϵ۽Ͼϵ۽ĸ̫ˣÿʹһΣص˺
ղţԼϵ۽Ļ־Ȳ˴Ӹ¥ϵŮԼƫƫֺ飬Ī
ַת뿪֮ʱĶͮʱȴ˹
ַˣղ֮İһŮӸ¥׹£ϵ۽˿еŮ
ͮȴ֪ôһ£ֻǿַӰΪһģĲӰͻȻʧˣȻ˺е顣
Ҳַʧĵط׷˹ֱʱſַڴֵһǾվš
ǰʵָ磬ղܵ죬ȥʲôˣ


319  ص뷨
ͻȻסˣķ˲Զͮһ̣̲ס档
С㡭
ǰңô
ղžƺͮϤڸȷţⲻһıԼıˡ
ʹУ˵Լ븸ױץױ̵ɱ͵˻ֹȣŰɱΪ˱סԼףųǲע⣬Ӹ¥ַ㡣
ַŮΪʲôԼǱ˵߹ˣԭԼصˣȷһ£ղֵǸˣ͹ݵһǿ
˵ȷܲ򵥣ڽԼһȭ֮󣬽һֱۣʱԼǿϵ۽ѽ
ͮ¶һ˿ɫԴĸЩ׽Ľǣһһĳ⣬ȻЩӵĽӹñѽַˣԼŲƵ¡
ͮһᶨ˵ңҲãǰûӻǣִˣͼıˣһζʳҲһġ
ִ硭
ɻĿַһۣϣѾȫͮϣͮҪְְҪȨȨֻһСˣֻʵĩУ˭ĴСأ
ͮսȻȫǼʮУͮѵƾǰ⼸֣ӵһ֮࿹
ͮ˹еɻֱ˵㲻ûɣǰλԷ˳ǵִַ磬ڣʲôҲ¡
ʲôǴսַ㣿
ͮԺδԭıվŵڻʢĻսַ㡣
ղűԼľȻԼһݵսַ㣬ղůĻҵʱˣַǿ۶ԻɱҪ˵ˡ
ȷֻҪͮΰ˵֧֣ػǵĺӶҪͷˡ
սˣҪȥĸױѽҸΪά˾Щĥĺòҡ
ַɫƽ˵ģɱ㸸׵ˣһὫȫ֮Էġ
ַȻ˵Ҳ֪һγ֣Լϵ۽ĻԳɱһеˣЩȨĽһ人ǱȻҳһţпֱܷ
ʱͮ˾˾һְõҲֻһճǣߣڳзǰ£˵İ֮Ƕˡ
һ人ڰ֣֮֮ʱԼǰͮǺ˻ϣ֮ǣԼпܳΪȫĵˡ
ˣַĿǰҪģǰЩȨĽ£ʹͶͮȫɱǡ
ȵسһ˾ʱҲڳ̫Ķҡ
ַڲУȻ͹ݣȫǳԷŭһҪ衣
ܹ֮õôཫӵһǸЩǾ޴ĺôһ棬Ϊ͹֧˽ӡ
ֻҪ͹һƣڴصļǣʧȥ͹ݵ壬Ҳǰˡ
ĴͮҲǰַ֣̾ѾȫĺߵĽˣ¹һһֱڸеСŮһַĴҲʱʮ㡣
ֻҪַڳһԼݣ֤ЩѾͶصĽǷ׷ػޣַоʲô뷨Լʵݡ
ڻظ·ϣͮңַڵǸܣй¶ȥȻһĵͷ
ͮĸϣַĿһɨԿȥɣڣȴһֻĸоټԺӣټһıȺȴֻмˡ
ַ㶴£һ۾Ͳµϵ˶ڵõѵϢ֮󣬶ɢı·ȥˣֻʣһЩȽĵͽϴûʳ
ĸ⸱ģͮȻˣвģһҪָȥĸķ⡣
ַסĸ֮˵ڶҪȫ߰˰´Ҫڵڶһĸͮξ˾һ¡
ĸЩҪ߲·ϼһｫе͵ϵʱ򣬿˵ܾЩǵĳ
Щ˺ĸȥеĽһŵĸ˵ʲôҲŵ˽š
̬ͮҲһ㣬ϾڳеĽǣͶأҪ˱ԼģҲûʲô
ͮ޷ܵǣмڿͮȥ֮󣬾Ȼŵߴ˫ȣ˾е׳Щ˫ȵ̧ĸſڣǶͮˡ
ҲһЩǵͮģȴòĿԼһȥĸֻ»⵽صı
Щһŵ֪ȫؾͮǾǾȥμ룬ͮξ˾һְǸǰΡ
ڵõЩϢ֮ЩȥĸĽǣҲȥĸ⣬ͬͬ飬ȴΪͮأԼСȥ
ڽӵ֮ͮ󣬳һЩǸ˽ͷΪͮѾͷǷˣѾΪ人ʵϵ˾ͮȻ쿪Լ˾һְ
ô
ʲôôҪһӵ𣿡
˵̨ͮͨ˼սǿ֮󣬱ԸԴͼȾָ˾һְ
ĸˣ˾һְѵ人ǵǼ˵𣿡
ǣ˾һְ߾֮ش书Ϊ֮ڣ˾ְ֮ȻǷشĪ
ֵ˭ҲȥҪͮճ
⻹˸˽ԸĻǱɱЩȺ֮
Щǣڼ̵ʱڣ飬ǾǾμͮ룬ǲμӣһЩ̫ĵͼٸȥĻǴҾɱЩľ١
һͻȻ뵽һ£ɹͮСѾͷ൱˾ǲˣ뵱˾ķ˻ǿԵģ
ǶĴЦͮһ¡
ͮļҵ֣ǵѪԵϵȴִܽͮò˫һҵʵȻĵ죬ͮ顣
ͮõϢ֮ȻŭرϾùϵȻǵѪԵѾ˱Ͼһˡ
˴òҲˣ벻Ҳ뷨иеޱ߳ܡ
ͮȻϴʾܾأȴģζòԷҲûϵҲںȴһҪõԷˡ
ԭزһֱûж֣ͮҪȻͮƾԼһ˵ԶԶ޷µõ͹ݿ⡣
ֻҪ͹еǿһ֣Ҳ֮ͮԽͮ˽죬ԭȻǴͮò֮лһҪԭǾָͮĽӰˣͮŮ˵Ļڵվס˽š
Ů人ϣ֮ǵķ̳ˣȢͮٵ˾˾Զסϣ֮ǵˡ
ϾͮѾΪһˣ˭Ǿ˾һġ
һ˵жһı顣
һЦ͹ǸħͷȻҲͮѾͷʮԣԴҲشҪͮһսҿǸħͷŰɱͮСŮ
ǸԵĶ춼ҪŰɱһ޹Ůȷʲôöͮش˿еˣȴʶȤҪش˵ȻҪܾˡ
˵ҲǣͮǸСѾͷƯҲֻ֮ʸȥ˿ֵŮˣȻҪʧˡ
ͮرϾļҵˣһǲ׳𣿡
ϵܣ⻰ҲǶֵ˵˵ش˵ĶƤ
ƽ˵Ĳļҵ˰ôôңֻҪܹסԼһоС

һߵַͮ㵹ɫ糣ϾˣһȺݣ˭ǿ˭ܹԼԭˣȫҲҲ
һտʼǰһ죬ȫʮսʿĵտʼ˵һ죬ʮսʿȴֻĸˡ
ĸڼ֮ȴ֮ززֻȹַһһ˲μǳǰս
һַȻ㲻Ͼǿߣȴĸ٣޷˵ĲμսһǳսС
ʱʱַҲоԼӢۣһĶˣ֪һԼǴɵñһ
һԼȻѪվһʼûпȡʤ
һŰв֣Ϊȡʤ׼һ³ǰ죬人ڵеĽϸ磬Ҳ֮Уַȴа취ĸ
ַ漴ĶˣҪǷͷȥϣЩץĸЩ»һ磬ԼĸǵĻǾǵʬ
ַͨͮܿ˽⵽ЩȨĽʲô㣬˵ĳλλĺ֪ˣĳλһɰŮ
ĳλһӣһλһɵС檡
ַĶЩ˷ͷץֻҪЩ֣ЩǲģԼڲ
ַ̽ЩϢͮò˼Ŀ⿴ַ㣬Ҳµַ⣬ȴţսˣȫľеż񣬾ȻҲ͵͵ù顣
ַ㵹ǲΪ⣬ɴû˵ԼǸˣֻҪܴԼĿ꣬Ҫ˵вЩǵˣʽҲİõʹ
ȥץЩˣĶȴ뷨һһСɩ˰ǾϵŮŮȥץЩСк븡ӵǣȥץ
ĶһһСɩӣüЦ֪ϱĶ֮󣬲ɫԼεڣԭȥռЩŮ˵ıˡ
ȴûзԣͬĶ飬˵ץʲôҲץŲںԼȥץ˭أ


320  Ůջ֮Ѫ
ԡУһƯŮϴ裬ּ̧䣬ŻˮˮĽУŮһ
ĩѾҪˣȻܶŮȴĺʡ
ĩһʼʱӲпֲʱҲ¿Ůһÿڵսľ
һ죬һĽڿʱԵǰһ
ŮҲ¶ϲı飬ֻ֪ҪԼõĴ࣬ԺͿԶİˡ
̰ĿУŮഺâϣȴһһ°ģĿ̵βϸСʵزϷȴһԲֵֻҧűݣ¶һӭܵģ
ĵ˵ͷȻĩйôãǰŮϵļȻ۵ĿԵγˮ۵Σ޲һ־޵ĸо
Ը𣿡
˵ĺֱӣĩУ˵ֱӡ
ĻŮ¶ԥı飬Ȼ֪е壬Է⻰Ҫ
ĩһŮ˵һϺ󲢰ѾĻԵˡ
ŮԽĻų⣬зЩϲĩǰһЩŮΪ˳ԵúôúúãЩԵǸ׵ǵСҲʲô¡
ĩУھ޴ѹ£еŮҲ͸ˣҲΪܹȥֻҪĸܹʳǣ˳ٶģҲԥĸߡ
ŮȻܾǰİϵԥҲǹҲû¾ϣ֪ԼӦ̫ʹ죬㱻Ʋ
ѽϲǧϵŮԼһ㣬изģԺΪԼȡʱҲеŮҲΪԼ˽˵ġ
ܶʱҲֻŮ˵ıɫѣӵнȴδӵнĹǼܡ
ԼеŮ¶ԥ֮ɫЦЦתҪ뿪
ŮһӼˣں׷ǰһ˵Ը⣬ԸߡУҲǿҵĴܸС
ЦЦϴһ˿ӣŮΪԼܴԼ߸ϵĽǣĸǱ
֮нһУ֪˶ˣǲ֪ٴδ˶˳
ŮȻǰϷռˣҲԼĽЩȨĽǣĸܴեĽթ֮ͽôᱻһµСŮŪڹ֮أ
ңƽԼ˾֮ͬϷ͹ˣʱҪɱǿĹޣӾ͹ˣŮǰϷʱʲôҲû˵תߡ
ŮҲȥֳϦˣǰΨһᣬôܷתһߣŮһӰûԷ̸һ˵ԼԸŶԷߡ
ϾƯһеŮ̫ˣ׷ȥֻ»˱Ů
Ů˵ĹϵԶһʵսǸȰˣѾ̽䡣
ڸ֮ŮûйзʳӣÿֻǸ͵ϣÿֻǿԱѡ
ȻˣȻܸмһܻڣȻʲôͳʲôҲڶҲԼȥɱޡ
ÿģǴĻ֦չģǧټƵȥȡˣöԷʧȥȤ֮ߡ
һʱ䣬ŮҲԼ飬˵ģӣҲ𲻵Ľš
ͻȻŮ¶˾ֵı飬Լԡǰ֪ʱվһʮˡ
˵۾Ȼ󣬵ȴźͰڣģҲᡣ
Ůеģȴǿסˣǽǰе˾ȻԱܹ˵˵ֶһǿ˿ֲҪȻһ㡣
˾Ȼ֪ȻҲ֪ŪԽɭϵ˿ǱнҪ˵ɱɱҲ׾١
һ֮ŮȻһ֣ȴûднŮ˹ɣĶЦЦȻ˵ҪҺȣҪȻһʧɱġ
㡭λӢۣҲˣȻǽŮˣȴûжݺңӢۣҰɣ
Ů˵Ĳ󣬵ȴܺŮĶһԺһתߡ
ĿģӲĳȥˣַ㻹ɱ
Ķһ˵ŮҲɱģһģҲΪݺҲģһƲܵЩǮΪݺҶĻҲˣ㡭
Ůǰ˼ȲҪֲҪǮŷһΪԼˡ
ŮʲôŮ˵ĩлȥҪúĿ˵ӢֻۣҪ㲻ɱңҪʲôС
⻰ĶһѪǳĹˣȴûΪԷ˵⻰ƲԷ
һŮĩУ˿Լȡñˣʲô
ǡʱѽ뵽ԼһϣҪȥץʮˣĶͰַ̫ģԼֻץһŮĻҲ١
ڣȴϽȣԼŮӸ£˵ŮΪԼǿǹ֣ƲԼǷ
ĶȻ˵Ҫջң㿴𣿡
ŮЩˣӵ˵֮˵һУǰ˲ΪԼòš
ȥһطˣеĻСС
ŮɫЩ԰ףҪɫˣһΪŪԼ񫣬ҪԼϳ̣Լ
ĩлôãŮҲжѾ³ǰҪĽҪǿԼҶȵĻֻ»ûкͱɱˡ
šҴ·͸Ӣһߡ
ŮĿ䵽˴ͷϵ·ϣðĶϣ·Լݹ
ĶЩ˵治֪ҪЩ۵Ķʲô
ŮһиᣬԼһɫߣɫҲͰˣȻԼߡ
ŮϹſֲɬı飬ĶҲ׽Ūˣ΢΢һЦͷ·ݸŮûò壬Ըеĵضȹ
ŮϹʪܵˮ飬ʪǼͺܱܵ¶ףʹ߸ӱ¶ɣģ壬ջ
Ķа̾Ϳ޸ǳɫһŮ˽֮ܣû׻ѽĶŮСӴ˳ȥ
УŮһӱסˣԼ˵壬ȻһֻһͿջУֻ֣ǿ֮Ƶ͹ݣûм˿
ڶǿߵĳݣŮԾԼĶϿ˿
ĶûַҵĶоŮˮһŤ忿ŵŮԡŵ㣬ĶʱĻѪ

ڶĶݵıܹеڿһŮС
ŮĸףǳһȨĽǰԼŮ飬ֻҪŮ϶
Ķÿ˴߽Ů鷿С
Ůڵ٣ĩǰȺãĩȻ˶ڲпĩпŮȴԼиĸף˱ĩǰҪݵ
ĶһһͷʮƯŮֹͣ˵࣬ںڵĵĶݺݵ˵ūźô󵨣ȻҽҵңŲҽҵĸװж˿飿
Ķεҡҡͷ٣Ůǵһμ
˵ʵŮȷòĶ֮ѡϧ̫٣ͻӦΪ㡣
ԼղץŮԼ֪֪ԼǷ֮˲żĶж±Ķû˱˶ĬҲǺ졣
ǰŮԼĵһ𣬱ԼҲԼôģԼȻȻ뿪ı£ɱȻҲ⣬Ŀ
СѾͷҲףҾ㡣
Ķ϶ݺݵģŮŸе˺£ʧ˵˭ôģ
ڲ뵽⣬ǶŮһȻ߽ģʵʵҵĻҳȥ죬ҪȻСС
㣬ԭǻˣѽлҪɱˡ
ĶȻ¸ϵʿˣҲʹԼƣӦĶ˵˵һ㡣
Ůû׵ıӻΣгĻȻףԼԽкԽ
Ķǻ˵ĻʿϽĶҲɱŮ֮취ӳȥ
Ů󺰣Լ·ͣĶǰŮĺһģŮĵĵ˹ȥС屧
Ķһ͵ŮѾزһֻŮĹ⻬ϸĴ˼ѣ̾Ʒ
δ˵ŮϵļǲһЩֹгŮȣŮϵļӵĽϸ壬ҲӵĽʵ
ʱ洫ʿĽȻŮȣŸϹ˵Ĳ鿴
ĶŮ߰ʮص壬ͬһһɣһӰʧ˺Ľ



321  桢Ů
˧磬ѽ
ʮ߰꣬ģк΢΢һԼ˵ǰԼֵСŮ˭ôƯһ˫۾
ǰŮҲʮ꣬زδȫ죬ԶԶȥСɲ¶ǶѣȴѾǳˣŮĿɰ̶ȣ崿ģɵģ֮ѡ
кЩɻ󣬽п˵ؽ䱸ɭϣСŮôģ
˵һδСŮ͹ݵǿߣҲ֪ǱѵԼүү͸Լ
̫ˣ벻ԼȻиԼʮ죬õһƯСΪ顣
ǰкȨϽΨһӣĩкүүıӻҲң
һȴ˻ֹȵǣĳ͡
Ȼֻʮ꣬ȷǳԺζһ˵ǸصصĶ棬ȻĸΪδŮ˶ݺݴΡ
күүڵ֪֮󣬲ܽԼӣԼĶѪָײϡ
үүĽ£ССͱ޷죬ĶǾһΪ人ڣ˼µһǲСƽ˵Ůһһ׵ģò¼ûһ˱˽Ůһ㡣
һƯɰСкʱĿɿڴеǰԼǰ׻ˣȻ컶ֹŮˣȴûʵС
ţȵҡ
ǰɫԵĿŶԷʵŮиȥ
ɣһ֪ˡ
кһģ¶֮ɫʮ߰˵СƨȻɫѽ
˰пȴԼʵкҪСü꣬ȴڳһģǰкͷ㡣
һץкֱۣһǿľע˶ԷڣץкֱƮ˽׵ĸ߿գ·ֻһԶȥ
棬ԭ㻹Ϸ
¶ЦһʱͲúˡ
֬һС޳кɫģһֻֿʼոտʼزȥ
϶ʱ¶һŭı飬ԷСƨһëûгȫأҶԼ˼ӽѽ
ָһһϸСķֱӻкġ
СǾȻҶҶ֣Ĳ㣿
күүıӻ֮£һŹˣ人ڣǴûԹһ챻ķ䴩ֱѪֱкڵԻƿڴ
ҧгݵ˵СƨһҲռıˣٸҶԽ˵˵һ֣ȥˤӣ
ԼڰƯߵķǺ죬кʱ˵໰ˣ˵λӣԩ޳ҷŻȥɡ
ԩ޳𣬵үүҵָ磬ֻץȥһȦˡ
һĶץʮʣǹصһмпѺ̣Ȼͮûκθľٶȴַ㵨ΪԸסˡ
ַץЩˣǾǳȨĽˣŮ׽ˣһЩǵ֪ǵ˱ץĸ֪ǻ᲻裿
ǰЩŮĳǶǾˣھ˲ðϣǵ֪Լ˱ץĸ¶ֵͮǳĴС㣬Ҳ᲻һеĳ嵽ĸ
Щ˶Ŵľӣһ𷢷ĻַһǿҲᱻŭľ˺Ƭַ֪ĵΪʲô
ִ磬ĽǷǵ˱ץ᲻ƴƣ
Ѿ˵ˣǸ춯ĻΪԵʬˣҽǣֻҪ˫̸˽ףԷǵˡһûǼ֮ǰЩеľٶҲûе裬ڷЩ֮ҸжԸǵֶΣ
ͮһӵɻѵַҪ칫ԼԼݵĻַɱǵˣҲ֤ûһ˲
ַսΪ֮ڣһΡĸɽһ㣬Ϊȫ޷ԽĴڣĻģûһ˸ַľǿߵа塣
ָ硭
һŭ˹ַ㲻ʵô
ЩŮǣڱصıдңصҲƲסǣЩ˲罫ɱˣ
ַ㰵ԿЦ벻Լ󵨣ԼɱЩȨĽǣֻЩͻеľӣĸƴͬھŭѷʱԼԼݶûá
ΣͷԼɱΧͮô죬ѵԼط˳ǣ
ԼƽϢЩǵңʱ人ҲԪˣҲַ뿴ľ档
ַͷ˵ǹȥ
ûţ洫һЩƿڴģкҲŮЩ˶һͬ㣬Ǿ˵ޱȣż֮໰
ַҡҡͷԼץģǽǵĺջԼ׳ɵĹأֻҪǵĵ䣬Ժǳ˱Խǵĸ׵ְ񣬳ΪĴڡ
ʮȫĵػΣҪЩŮϡ
ЩŮǣڱ֮󣬲취ȴֻðƿڴȻһȺ
ڵʮ꣬ʮ꣬ԼһˣʱҪЩ֮ػȫˣ֪ʱĻģЩ˵ϣʲôӣ
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ַǿһЩڶʮŮǽǲЦЩŮǳнǵ˻С檣ڹĶйȻԶԶʤǰЩŮ
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ҲŻǣֵҲ翴ˣСҶһëҪȻǵĸױСӣõģСүԸ˵ӣҰСүô
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Ťֱ۵ŭˣĵ人õս˾人Ǿ伶ŵʱ򣬶ǼҲǿмӡ
죬ͱ˼˾Ȼҷһ첲
걻еİȻʹ亹ֱȻеСŤҵֱۣҵĸ׻ϼӱֻ㲻ǺбɱСүҵĵպ󲻽նɱ
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ʱͮҲ˹ҲǰԽȻ֪ĸ人ŵս˾
ַɱ꣬˫˲ݵ人ڣѪɺӵľ档
ͮҲַ֪ƢҪɱһˣǰҲûãϾҪ꣬ͮȻǽ֮⣬ȻҧݣûΪ顣


322  ˸
ַеأղŻһĺ꣬ϻһľ밧֮ɫ
ƺеַɱĵģϧĺַס﷢һ
ҵĲַָ΢һɣ˵л˵
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ԼŸո˵һãԷ۶ԼһֱֻۣҪɱԼôˣȻҲһˣ˿ַ㣬дС״֮С
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ַɱ꣬ѳʵս˾ƵصĻȥս˾ַҪļƻ᳹Ʋˡ
ַ㲻ǴˣղųֲΪ޷Ķ棬׺ϴַȫ棬ҲŮŹˡ
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ĸ˱īһݹͮȥ人ϣ֮Ǿ˾Э飬еĽǣһһЭǩ֡
ٽа̾һĴϰɱ켺ڻ˾Ͽɣûļժʤʵ㱻ǰħһ˹ȥ
ǰһУҲΪˣǩֵһ̣ͮѾΪϵ˾ˡ
ֻҪͮڼȫĵϣ֮Ƿͨ棬ʱͮľ˾һְᱻϣ֮ܡ
ֻҪͮ˷ָ飬人ǵľ˾κжΪ⵽ȫĵϣ֮ǹַͬ
ַ漴ͮ˳еĽǰݼǵˣЩȻвַħֻʵʵΥĳƺͮΪ˾
ͮȻָˣȻôȨҲԸи׵Ѫһ̵ַʱڱ㳹˾ƣи
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Щǩַ֮ǻᷴڣһ繫ţţأͮǣֻҪĽǲһ𣬳ִΧңܹӦˡ
ַųʵʱЩеԹƽϢһЩ˻ϲ˳ڶս˾ȥûҵԼıӡ
ĩˣеıɥʬеɥʬɱ֮бֻʣʮĶӣĩУ˵ԼӵеһжԼĶá
£ĶӸǳ人˼µĽͷﲻǲ֪ԼĶССͱΪ£ȴûаһзϡ
人ڣָֻļ˲ǵģԼĶ´õӱ°ߵϢ֮ĵһӦǳұԼ
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һ㣬ŸȷԼĶӲ£ĶˣĸҪЮ
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ϲľӣԼĶӿıԼҪԼĶӣĿͮ˵С㣬ҵĶأ
ַһ˵˾ղǩʲô𣿡
΢΢һ㶣漴뵽ղǩļȻǩļǳģǵȨ֮ƣ»Ҫģ˵ڻûҵԼĶӣַ㷭
ġ˾˵ĶӶˣҵĶΪʲôӰ
ͮʱе̫ûشȻ֪ĶѾˣȴϢ֪ԼĶˣѱᵱ衣
Ͼ人ʵϽĻһʮأͮĿַ㣬ϣԼø⡣
ַݵһԽӿڵ˾ԭѯĶӣš˸ˣѾˡ
ʲôˣôģ˭֣
Ƶѯʣַ㵭ɱġ
Ϊʲô
ҿˬԶңҲŰɱˡ
ͻȻЦЦЦţϾȻ飬ַղɱݣۿģֳַԼɱˣԼĶˡ
ӿǿҵľȻҲ֪ԼĶӲǸкȴľУһеԼ綼ˣδҲð޹⡣
һʮĺӣ
ΪԼĶӱ绤ַ粽õ˵ʮѧΪ޶ˣ
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ղŲһַƵĿ⣬һ侲Լ֮ûԼĶӱ
ѵʶԼֻмʮһƬ֮䣬ԼͻᱻַɱһУַȻƻˣһֱڵԼʧȥǣڻɱԼ
סеķŭһԲˣڶսļʮҲһ뿪ļҡ
ıӰַ¶ʧ֮ɫ
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ﲻַ֣ûн֮£ַҲܲܲ˵׷ȥɱ˶ԷԻ˷顣
ﵹǸǵˣַȴһϲǵˣ֪һУԼԸԷˡ

͹ڣҲ׼ڵ֪еĽַͮЧ֮Ȼزһ㵱Ů˻һ
شŮ˵ظŰɱһŮ֮ٴͷ
׹ʵȷ̨ͨϵǼ˱𣿡
ַģһҰôã涼뵽ˣǼ˵˱ɣĽҲͬھ淢ĻҲʿΪ֪ˡ


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ΪСȴűһЩﻹҪҲѾµֻͮǵķҪٴη֦ͷŹˡ
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˶ܺĶͮʧƣ뿪ҲҲ飬һַҲĶˣȰͮǡ
ͮ˵ĸͬһУڰʱϵʱһˣⶼʹȻ
ϣĸʧǰĶԱȣˣͮЩ˶ĸı޷׵Ļҵ
ͮҲǷǳˣȻַԲַĽ飬иԶ˵Ķػ
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ǰɣ󵨣ˣ˵Сÿ춼ҪŰɱһŮϲ飬ǽŮ·һĥŮʬϷйݣСүǾŹġ
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ַ϶͹һ㳲ȻˣԼǰһɣݿˣ˵ַҲԸ
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ʱһͨսʿɱͨıޣʮѣǲŵĩڸֲԹߵĵ
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ַ񿴸ɵһĶһֱˣַһߣҲһطϢˣֻʣĶһˡ
Ķŭ˵һȺԸԴļһ˭֪Ƕӹܲã



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һĲҽĶһæмĿʱַ㣬ȫˡ
͸¹⣬Ķ˲ԶսʿֵıѪģжʱĴŵһ˼ˣЩ˳嵽СԺУֻҲĲˡ
ԶַޱĿ棬ڿӰС˷ܵķ죬ղŲʱҲûٳһӷȥ˼ˣʱеԼûа׷ѡ
ȻװһνģЩѪдȥģȻԵ䡣
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ַӵ˻УܵԷůĻԸоַǿڻʱˡ
ǰַ㾭뻳УԴַ˰ַ֮֮䣬ҲûǵĶ˵ĹϵҲԶ
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ɶЩ쵰˽թȻɱ壬ڶӸϣҵҪǻʲôֶΣ
ѪȻͬ££ӲͷƤȥȻǲԸǰǲϵĻҲǡ
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Щ񽣣Ȼ䴩һ֮Ʋ˥סˣԶԶȥЩսʿǣǴһƣӣ˱ɱ


326  
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ҪԶԶַĸȺɱٶȣҲЩ˵жǿΧУЩϵȻ໥С
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һģеѹסıһȭĺϡ

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һΣ˳ˮƽﵽʷǰʮ㣬ַڵѾӽ۵ǿˡ


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Ż⣬ַĺԺеʱҪֲоˡ
һ˵ǧһʱشôãΪĽ죬ֻҪɱˣش˱ܰѾ˾֮λͮжʱ˱㶼ٻ󣬴һϡ
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𾪵ĿУַıٴλӶмٿԴ߸߷
Щʬ嵹صٶȣԶԶЩ˾Ѫӿٶȣ˵ľһͬ׵һ׵ѪԶԶȥ⵽Զĩǰ԰ǰȪ
ĩǰȪȴûǰЩսʿǾѪģ޺ÿҲûǰࡣ
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Щܵˣַ㲢ûȥ׷ɱȻʱбնɱ̬뽫͹ݵȫɱ⡣
ѪĹ֣ɱҲɱʱ򣬶ֲַѪ
ַҲھһɱ¾֮еĻѾûиղˣûȥ׷ɱЩĴӵսʿ
Щ͹ݣҲΪ˻ڷԣΪȥѣһǿУҲȱסԼ
ַɱ£һ֮ڣ֧˵Ķ飬֮һʣµ֮Ĵӡ
ڰеסˣһսʿػ˴ĲƸѪ͹ݣ人˿־ȻȻһ˸ɱɢˡ
ȻԼЩˣǱɽַɱǰЩȴֻɱ˺üսʿȻֹס
̾һذ͹ݽԼԼȴټ͹ݸɢˣԺԼôȥأԼ뿪人ǣ˰ɣ
ûüܣַѾǰ¶ģѶϣһĺԺʱõһģһһѸֱޡ
ҵأ
ڲ뵽ˣˣǰ˽ϣȣҲ벻ֻڼܹ֮ﵽһȣ˿λͱյʣˡ
ַϵļһ鶯һȵ۵㣬ֶ˲¿棬¶Ҳǧȡ
ԼڵʣϣҲ˲䱻սĶԶԶԼȣȥôˣѵ
Ķȱ㣬̰ΣͷȴܽƽȻԼŮڻȴҲûʲô飬ȼõŮǲȴ͹С
ַסȥ·Լһȭַõ࣬ǸŮ˿Ѿˣƾһ㣬˫ѾַģַҲŹȻơ
ղҲǹַǰ˵ĶѶΪַ񣬲ȵַдҵʱٸɵ׳Ϣ֮󣬹Ȼַɫ䡣
е⣬Ҫַ֣ͻȻ͹ڵһС¥ҵıըһӱըС¥γһʮ׿Ĺֱ
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һȵĸ£Ķ÷ɻˣΪʲôᷢըأ
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ߣ֮컯ʱӵдˡ
̹Ŵ½ǿ̫֮ͣΪѰߣ߸̹Ŵ½ļ̳֮һδѧԺ֮ϵĴڡ
Ҳ˲֪ѧԺԪΪʲôַȴ֪̹Ŵ½̫ͣΪãã˺֮Ѱߣ̹Ŵ½Ϊ̹Ŵ½һľ䡣
̹Ŵ½ԪͽǲΪ˵Ľڰˡ
ߵĻδ֮ǰͨûʲô̹Ŵ½߸ƲԪߣ̹Ŵ½ɳѧԺǿԪѧԺǿǿѰңȴûзߵټ
Ҫ˵ѧԺǿûַ֣㶼ûзĶȻߣƫƫ˾̹Ŵ½ǿǿѰҵδ䡣
һ죬̹Ŵ½˵̫͵䣬֪᲻ŮɫԵģ
뵽ĶߣַʱúƣȻĽѽ⣬֪ʲôʱ򣬲ſκƣ
ˢ
һһֻ첲Ҳ˫۱նϸ¶˾֮ɫûᱻնɵĸ첲תԶȥֻҪܵѴѣٹһЩ֦ҩԼ˫Ҳٳ
ܳûмһ˫նϡ
漴һͷԵԵأַǰý⽫ûûŵ˹ʵأܵȥˣ
ϵõκϢбɱѽ
˻ʹǲܵġ
ڵʣȻնֽţûʮµʱǲģڼ䣬˽ߵĻ˵Сӻһַ㵱Ȼ顣
ַеĽһһϸϸķؿһССÿһ£дѪˮ
Сʱ֮ͻΪѪ˥߶
˽ˣҲβϵĴˣе󼸸Сʱʹȥ
һУַͻȻסһȺִܵսʿʵ
ǲ֪
ˡ
ַҡҡͷеı̧𣬶׼ǰļսʿŨصɱ


328  Ҳ
Ҫ
ַеıЩ类ַ˵ղַһȥͬ²һ㣬ٿͷͬʱأЩĿ
ַֻǺһЩ˶һĳ
ַȻûκα飬ɱҲãֹҲãһ꺮˵
ַеıź⣬еĿ·Զ˵壬սʿڱˣһ˲˵˵Ҫɱǡӵ˾ȥˡ
ַʱϲ΢΢ЦЦھ𱦽ʱ򣬾֪Щ˻˵мأһˣǲܻڵġ
ǰʲôѼ壬ʲô˵Ĺ˵ڶģֻ취ȥӲֻǽһΣжıҲ֮е顣
ַһݣʧ͹ſڣֱָӲȥ
죬ԼɱĶӣ˫ѾǲŹκζԸԼĻģعһķҲ֮УȻǹһԼͳᣬȫɱˡ
նҪԸ
˵֮صˣȻֵָʹ֮ȴǱأ֮нİԵҲİ֧Ƿֲģˣһǣһˡ
ͮ˾˾һְԾž޴ӰﻹڣԼɱĶӣԼͮԼھɨأţͮȨϰ
ȻɱѿɱɱپνˣԽɱͮж֣ܻһɾ人ǡ
ַ˾ʱɫѾŵʿ˻Ѫַ㣬һиǹż𾪼ȿ־ı顣
Щʿ֮Զַ־壬ΪַһѪĿΪ͸ԵϢ
ʿжһǾ㿴϶Էһۣ嶼бĿܣְڣֲòסǸˡ
ʲôˣվס
ҹ
սָӲǰ˵Ļ人ǣҲַֻһ˲ĵЩʿȻַ㣬Ȼ˵˾ʲô˶ܡġ
Ȼ˵ʿȴоԼȫڲԼݶڴûɵĺ£ΪһʿҰɥʬսҲҲû¹
ǰһѪˮˣȴһϢĸоиһִǰͬһɽѹͷϣѡ
жʿַ֮ʱж˼Ǻ¶˵һѪ
ӦòǣΪʿû˻Ѫ֢ѪµҪؽЩʿµǸеıϵϢʹʿǶо˲˼䣬Ǳĵ
ˢ
⵽ٿͷأЩʧȥͷ­ʿɾϵѪˮȪ߸мȻűԴɵʱҲû뵽ԼѸٰɣ
ʿɢӣַ㿴ûпһֱۣսָӲȥַָӲʱжЩ⡣
ΪĶֻһˡ
Ȼһң
ûʲôҵģһµʱ򣬻һħ𣿡
˵ħַ㵹Ҳûб粵УԼƾһ֮ɱ͹ǧˣһټ͹ݴɢ˲ħʲô
ַͮսȴδַĺĳüͷգ㽫ǧȫɱ
ַѯʵأ

ػ˳дź޺޵Ŀ⣬˾֮ͮҲŮˣȻͮùϵȴûзͮ׷󣬻жȨ׷
ɫȨһֵܣһ˲ԼȨʱ򣬱޿ɱҪ׷ɫ
ޱߵȨʹ˱÷񣬶ͮŮ֮һزŴӵɫҲ׵ָ
˾˾ȢԼʲôûԼȨ֮£׵Ҳóǣֻ蹦̵£θּùΪ
һУΪһ˵ĵ˻Ӱôַܲأ
벻ս˾Ȼ人ļ£ĪҲҵ˰ɣ
ַϵҲû̫ı飬أǻļˣȴԼǰûһ㻹֮صȻ뵽Լݼ򵥣ҪȻƽһ֮人֮
͹ݵսʿԻĸأ˻ʶԼֻҪԼӵ飬ܲԼݡ
ַֻ֪ҪԼй¶ȥƱػϣ֮ǵĿֻţϣ֮ҲᵣԼǵǳû̲ʹЩϣ֮ǶԷ˳¡
ڣһжҪˣԼ人ʲôֻҪºͮԼΣԼ人ǵһϢ㶼ᱻȫĨЩʶȤ˸˵Ļͻʧ
ַ㵹Ҳûϣǵͷ˵õĶû˲ϲ֣Ҳף˷Ƿ֮룬ѵҾͲ𣿡
룬ʧܵԭڣΪϲһҲϲˡ
ַ룬˵Ҳǣյ͹ݣǽǵ֧֣ҰַѸײڶ֮ɱͮѾ人ǵľ˾ˡ
һֱԥֻõͮرȵϢ֮ǰͮѾʧˣ֮ԥҲΪͮвûϵԼ¡
ԼµĻս񣬶ֻͮ人һΪ֪СѾͷ˭ὫԼϵһأ
ַ㲢Ϊϲͮģ˵ͮĹɫֻеһˣͮеģֻǿҵռжϲ
ַҲһֱΪϲһˣҪһΪԷ룬ֻӴӶԷϻ㡣
˽ռжϲȴһС
ַ㣬ԵõҵΣòˣ㻹һֵܣΪһŮˣʧȥԼֵãѵ㲻ΪԼòʧ𣿡
ҵֵܲûҵֻˣһģȴʧȥһȨԺҲҵˣòʧ㡭
Ȼ֪ԼѾʧˣȻĶԷַȫʤҲҪַȥʹ಻ѡ
ַ㵱Ȼе뷨ȻͮûзǷ֮룬ȴҪȥأҪھȥ
ɫһ䣬˵ɱַãֵܣѵںŪԼѵԼһжַ
ͻȻ˵ַ㣬õĻսֻҪ㱨ţ人ǵнִ֧С㣬Ϊʲôһ֣ˣܻܲһδ֪ΪʲôҪ
ַüɫ϶ַõһأѾˣŻдһʡ
Ȼҵ⡣
һϷȻõ˴СģȴʧȥԼãѵ㲻ʹ𣿡
ҲҪɱǣһСڣ֮˿ΣҲʹ֮УҪ·ˣҲҪΪõƶĴۡ
һû뵽һҵһֱᰮŰɱŮȴû뵽ԼŰɱ֪ǲǱӦ
ͻȻ˵ַ㣬ãҲˣΨһĶӣʱֻʮꣿ
ʲôϵ
㡭
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ͻȻЦԭսַһСˣҿ֪˵еôһˡ
Ҳȥˡ
һصԴͬʱǵʬҲ˵ڵأѪˮء
һַ̣Ҳ˺ܶ£֪ԼȥǶ人ˣȻԸͮ׷УӲдĻţѡԼ
ŵȴԼĵͬʱʳеĺܶɻǿ֣֮˵Ҳǲɽܵ顣
ַ˾棬һȺ˴ӵĶ˹ЩУ͵ҲʮǿļˣϵȻﵽһ
Уַܹƽֵ̫ˣܹɱַˣҲ
ԭЩѧԺǿߣǶڸڼǵĽ֮󣬲Ÿ˹һ˴ǰַĴк
ɣ
벻ǰ˾ȻѪѧԺĽɣѾ̹Ŵ½Īַ֮ĹϵҲ
ַƵĵ˵ͷȴû¶΢Ц
ɣҲַ֪ĮҲΪ⣬ֻź˵ľڣûһ˵սǿˣұΪҪѰҵߣϧ
ûʲôϧģһнж
ַ㵱Ȼ֪ԼߣһǣһȻҲǣȴû뵽ԼߵĶȻѧԺǿ߿Ѱҵߡ
һĩһĶˣһߣпδΪ̹Ŵ½䡣
һ㣬ַϡ
ĶһԳü˵ϴЩҪץȥʲô̹Ŵ½ԪѽȻǵһЩŮѽϴҪ飬Ƿң


329  Ӱӳ
̹Ŵ½ŮԪ֮࣬С˵ֲ˼񣬼Ȼ㻹ȥɣ
̹Ŵ½ôǿԪѰߣвǿԪ֮УòҵĶȻԪԼҲ
Ķ̹Ŵ½֮ӵбԪлҪʵԳΪ̹Ŵ½δ䣬Ӵƿ׳һȻ᲻ãַȴûκνĶ
ϴǲǸˣ˵ʲôߡϴҾ뿪㣬ȥ̹Ŵ½ֻԺֵҲûĻˣǸСƨӣҲǡ
Ժǿ̨ͨϼ棬̹Ŵ½һ㻹ǿġ
ûвɢϯڴһΣ֮󻹲ǻһĪ԰꣬ΣķĩУÿʱпȥһΣ
̹Ŵ½֮УЩǿһ𾴵ĿĶܵĻֻǻ
Ķȥ̹Ŵ½Ȼ޷ʵм棬̹Ŵ½ĿƼǿʹ磬ʹĶ̨ͨģĻֵ֮ҲԽһ˼֮ࡣ
ĶЩ˵ϴ˵ǲģ̹Ŵ½ǲҲԵ¼̨ͨ
ɣͷ˵Ӧòɣ
Ҳ֪̹Ŵ½Уǲǿֶͨ˺һѿڣԶһԪռĶԪ̨ͨһ𣬵ȴûз£ҪȻĶ˵Ų̹Ŵ½
ĶΪߣΪ̹Ŵ½ļ̳֮һƫƫҵ漴ĶҪַ˽ģЩȻԸ⣬Ҳûзԡ
Ķַ㣬һƣַʵʵ˵üͷĶ̾ϢһᣬȻ˵ϴĲ뿪㣬ܲ취Ҵߣ
̧̫ˣ㿴ԼЩʲôˣǵ˵ȥ̹Ŵ½Ҳһ¡
ϴ󣬲಻ţҲ̹Ŵ½жãһһģҵļңһ֮СܣĶһСܣһӶСܡ
šֵܺðɣ
Ķ˵ַɲٰδ̹Ŵ½ļ̳˵СܣԼǰҲûеСܣǰֵܣ𡭡ţԼô˵ǲ̫αˣ
ߵʱ򣬽ɣͻȻعͷ˵֣Ӱӳʿ಻ʤӰӳеľۻ굤˵˿ӵƣȥ￴
Ӱӳǣǵڶ̫͵ǿڶ̫͵ǿǣ˵ʷǰееϵ̹Ŵ½ǿߣӰӳǿ߸˿ֲ
뻪ľ岼İ֮ϣ֮ǲͬϵӰӳȴֻһңӰӳеĳҲڻѰҴߣɥʬֻ࣬ҪͨӰӳǳĿˣԵõӰӳǳĴС
ַ㵱ȻӰӳǳĴзϣȴ֪Ӱӳǳһžۻ굤һͨսʿ¾ۻ굤Ҳһͻʮ
ַõۻ굤ĻԻϿϵ۽˺ıҲһӵõһ㣬ֱ׷̹Ŵ½ϼĴڡ
˵Ļڽ人ǵʱַ֮ҲȥӰӳǣ뷽跨õӰӳǿžۻ굤ʱԼһ죬ڣԼȴҪ뷽跨㵽ҩ
ɣȷ˼ȻܸԼȻɣ˵ĻַҲ֪ӰӳǵĴڣȴܳнɣ顣
ɣַ˵ֵַȻǿӰӳǵǿȣȴҲвٵĲ࣬Ϊ˵õӰӳǳĴУ֮Ҳвɥʬǿǰвɥʬǿ߻ַгȴƵĵطһ֮еɥʬǿ߰жԸֵַĻַСӦ
̹Ŵ½ͳ޹ɣǸˣ񿴵ɣһĹУ˵Ӱӳǵܣַм
ɣӰӳǵʱдļɵȻ̫͵̹Ŵ½Եڶ̫͵Ӱӳ֮кìܣȻָ֮ȥӰӳǣǸѪж
ַٴζԽɣʾ˸лԼ̹Ŵ½չĶɣһӦе
ַͷɣԳɽȻ˵ҪչĶһʵŵԵġ
ȻĶߣ̹Ŵ½Ҳ࿴վز죬˽ɣչˣͻ˳ˡ
̫̫еԪռĶһߣֵ֪˺ղɣ̹Ŵ½ˣԪһͣԪĿԾ͸ãˣַв̾Ϣ
ֱַأϣԺ̹Ŵ½ҲǺϣѵġţַһܣȻҵߣѧԺˣҲ׷̹Ŵ½ˣԺ밵аҲˣԺһֻܿԼˡֱء
ĶɣһʧַͻȻӿǿҵʧ䡣
һȥĶʱ֮ǸܻˣٴλʱҲͬԼҲûлᲢսˡ
ȥ֣ʤҲ뿪һʱߣ߹ͺˣĶȥȴעʹ˲ڶʱ
Ϊߣᱻ̹Ŵ½˺ҪصԪ֮УҲһ׵顣
ԸĶ̹Ŵ½һ˶ʣ׳ɣ
˸пַ֮صĸʱˣˣдҲˣĽǾвҲֲ£ҲԼ뿪ʱˡ
ͮеʱַеһ˻⣬Լ人㲻ˣĶҲͷ¶ݣʹԼʧȥһλ׷˽ֵܡ
ѵ人֮УԼ
˵԰׵ӣͮҲᣬĺýãַһˡ
ڷ˳ǵһʱʱַ㻹ûע⵽СŮԺУȴѾ޷λ޳Ƥ𪣬˧ˡ
ַ֪ҪȥӰӳǣͮҧű˵ִ磬Ҳ˹ӰӳǵĴ˵߻֮أ밵֮ǵɥʬǿڸ˵кܶ˵ݷְӰӳǳΪħǣ˵Ǹһĵطѵִȥ𣿡
ֻӰӳľۻ굤κõơ
˵ӰӳǵĳҪڻѡǿžۻ굤ҲĴ˵ģϣ֮밵֮ǵǿ߶ѵִаյõӰӳǳĴ𣿡
ַӰӳǵ˽⣬Լõеϣ󣬾ǵõӰӳǳĴУӰӳǿǣҲԼѾۻ굤
ӰӳҪѰһǿĴߣǿŶһ޶ľۻ굤ĵһǿߣʹΪӰӳЧ
ˣ˾ۻ굤ǿҩ޸֮᳹ʧЧΥӰӳǵĳԣһֹ·ġ
һУлĵһǿ֮ƵӰӳ֮ҪȻгۣЩգԵڶ̫͵ϹȣȴҲԶ
ԼڻԵɺ֮µõ˾ۻ굤Ӱӳǵǿ߻ֹԼѾۻ굤ã밵ǿߣҲԼۻ굤ġ
棬˵л䣬пгϣ仹˵һ㣬ǷԼһ飬֪ԼҪþۻ굤ˣǽüпܻ˳ⳡᡣ
ȴǾ˳ģ˵֮£Ȼϴα֣ʤնһֻ´˿ͻָԪ˵ʤǰԼĿҲ˵ǳ˼ۺɣ
ЩǿԿĵˣҲеĵ˲Ǹ°ɣ
ַᶨ˵ΨһˣҶҪھۻ굤ʲôֶΣʲôҶõκ赲µˣҶ֮ء
ַͮܵ˵⻰ʱĿҲеı׳ܲܵõۻ굤Ҳû̫İա
ִ磬ҶҪһȥӰӳǡ
ַܾ人Ǹոж뿪˵ӣַͮپַֻܾ֮ͬ⡣
ͮսһȼ֣ʤĶˣҪǿһȼ
ӰӳΣķͮȥԼʤҲ˺ܶࡣ
֮ͬͮǰлһҪԭҲַĶԸϣҲֻǱʶѣͮǸ˼˰СŮ̻СĪƷҲѷɫ
磬뺫ѩҪ࣬ȻɰվûȫɣԼͮһǿĺð֣ƽʱǲǣķʱҲԵһǲǣ
һ㣬ҲĶӰ죬ĶͬǣĶƯŮ㷸Լǰǻַȴ뿴еŮǻǵŮǻҲ˲Ÿհɣ
ַҪƷƷҪģģҪ֣ô᲻ŮĿأЩŴȥŮһŮȴ׷
һ㣬ĶַۣǾԼһˣΨһĲͬĶһ㣬Ůһ㣬ԼȴȥֺЩŮ
ŮĿҲ㣬֪ʲôŮĺãʲôŮʺãţһ㣬˵ˮƽࡣ
ַ㱳˳⣬ִսǱ֮ȡ˵ͿշͮҲ人ǵһź֮󣬸ַ㣬̨Сͷ㡣
Ŀ꣬Ӱӳǣ


330  ԩ·խ
ڻĸأһصӰӳǣƾһļ䣬ַʱ䣬һȺɽƵɽУҵӰӳǵĴλá
䣬ֱӰӳǡ
·ʱַ㵣ԲִҪȥӰӳǣȴͬ⣬Ȼܵ˺أÿô֭άҲ˵Ĳ߶
ִַ֪ƢҲټ֣һ£ҲŸкôҲ˵
һƵĳǱſڣŽ׵ģŷ޹Ŵʿʿסǡ
Ǳ͵ŷ޳Ǳڳ⣬ҲԿԲεĳǱ档
ЩʿľװҲ͵ŷʿȴǺ۾ͷģ뻪ûκ˿
ͮý䱸ǰʿǽӽʮΪȻЩʿǿֻеЩʿϴ˿ֲϢ
Ϊ͸ЩʿʵͮŶЩʿɵ
ַ˵⣬һӳģ˵Ӱӳڣʲôһһһݺңٽʮķãʮ찴ʮ㣬ĸˣһǧݺҡ
ʲôǧݺңǻȥǮأ
˵Ĵ۾˵ĶѪʮӥһǧݺעѾһʾעˣĸ˵ǷȴҪǧݺҡ죬ѽ
ͮ볡̫ˣǧݺң⻹ֻʮķãʮ죬ǻҪٸǧݺҡ
ͮϣ֮˾ǧݺҲЩۣЩݺѾʹܶ飬ŸеЩʹ
ӰӳҲǽӰӳǳѰҴ߷ƣƶָߵ׵볡ѣӰӳǹ볡ѶߣҲսǵ볡ԽߣԽܵȫǿߵ͵
һӰӳǣҲҪʮķãҲһǧݺңһսʿȻò𣬵񻨽䣬ȴһǧݺҵ¡
ͮĳĴڣһǧݺңҲһʴĿۻ굤Чòû֪ǰأܶǿߵĹˣӰӳǵ˵ǺܶӪ֪֮ǷѧгӪ
ʣĿĶӳ˵ߣûǣӰӳǵĹأ˶ȥˣȴû˭ɣѵǻΪ˹涨ɣ
۵ȻСҲ󣬵ƢȴС
ҧгݵ˵˵úãϡ𣬱˵ôݺңһҲѣ㶼мָ硭ݺң
ͮεҡҡͷĻЦˣѾͷҲͿַ֪Ҫԡ
ַ˵Ҫ˵ǧݺң㼸ݺңݺңֻҪܾȻַ㶼һüͷģûУɹƭᣬַ㶼ó
ַһþˣͮԽԽеַ봫˵ǸԲõĴӢ۵󲻷ҲһΪĿģںֶε˰ɣ
ҲʵַɣǰĴ˵ַͬ㷴ӷ
ַͷҲδ̧óһĴݺҵ˹ȥַսǱ֮дĴʬõݺң񱱾ǳشϣ֮Ƕûһ˸ԣǧݺңûп
ӰӳǵǷȻߵף˫褴ƸǣһԸһԸⰤ˼ӰӳûԼҪģҪȥҪضԷָϷ
ӰӳĿģһַͨƣһ棬Ǿǽͨ˵Ӱӳ⣬һóǧݺҵˣû˻ߣҲӰӳѡһֵĺѡ˵ֶζѡ
һַӰӳǵĿֲ֮ǿƻӰӳǹص飬Ҳᱻɱ
ַ㣬ǳϣǶ޷ֵӰӳЩԵڶ̫͵ϹϮ
ַ˾ۻ굤ʹԼͻ˰ۡ
ַһϣͬһ͵ϣ֮ǣӰӳΨһϣ֮ǲͬǣû⣬һʮĸоӰӳ¶ȣҲҪͲ١
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˵ͷóﴦ͸Ź졣
ͮע⵽ЩɥʬǿߣȻŸߴɥʬڴߣһЩǿߣԴŲ˵ɥʬԲݺҵĻЩǿߵأ
ȻһЩҲǳĴڣȴδ֧߼ʮӴã⼸ʮҪüڵݺңŲЩϣ֮ǵ˾Ͻԣ
ַͮѯһеʱַЦŽ͵ЩɥʬǿߵǿߵǲҪݺҵģӰӳǵĹأÿӰӳǵˣԴʮЩ˾ߵǲݺҵġ
ͮ¶˻ȻģȻһǧݺҶԳǿ˵Ҳ㲻һʾ޿ڵݺңȴһʲƵľ޿ľС͵ϣ֮˾δõĳ
ͻȻеָ磬ǳԴˣһ˿Դʮ˽ڽǵʱֻһ˵ķñȫЩ˵ļһȴ˵ǱǸˣ
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ĩ֮ǰг㿴еǼۼԪһۣҲʮԪˣһЩе˵Ȼ
һνĲȴ֪гĶԴۣˣ֪ƭ֮Ҫб˿ǲܵģ´ʱעһЩ
ӰӳǵʱЩسǵĲûʿȴжͮ˽Щȷпɹƭ֮ӣַȴ֪Щ¡
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ǵòۻ굤Ҳлõκһǳǲ볡ѵĻûȨˡ
ַһнһ֮ͮŻȻ򣬿ϵ飬ȻһǮһֻ
Щʵ磬ǰǲӰӳǣ
Ӱӳǣô᲻أ
ַ˵⻰ʱ򣬱֪Ҫ㣬ԼȷӰӳǣһ飬ҪȻҲ֪࣬һȴûӰӳǣղ⣬ڶһ˵©졣
ͮŮͬʱַ㣬һַȻûӰӳǣô֪ƺӰӳأ
ַ㲻˵ˣҪ֪ôԼΪʲô֪ô࣬ǰ淢һɧһ˵Ŀ˹ȥʹַǰδ
ַΧ˹ȥ֮󣬼һһɥʬǿƿڴһᣬַ˲ôһ¡
ԭǿǻһСϣ֮ǵ˾ɥʬǿǰ֮еĳʱɥʬǿ߶δɥʬΧǿߵϣ֮ǡ
ӰӳǵĴ³ɺӿͷҲԩ·խˡ
ǿ˵ɥʬΧ۵ĲǿҲǷ߷߲ƽɥʬ̫Ƕ
ǿ˵ڳµɰҲȻɥʬײΪŭˣַ㾯Ҫ¡
Ӱӳǵĳǹ棬ʱʱǿѾȳ֣ɥʬǿߵҲغϱ㽫ɥʬ˫ȡ
Χ۵ǿ߷׷׽֮еɥʬǿһ
ǿҪûеڵϵɥʬ֮ʱصͻȻ֣һ֮䣬סǿߣѺˡ
ָ磬ô
ͮҲ֪𰸣һĿ䵽ַϣַ㵭˵ҺûǿߵΪȴӰӳеĳǹ棬Ļһ͸ñӰӳˡ
ͷղλֻʹ죬Źһɥʬǿһ٣ȻԼȴӰӳǡ
һǧݺҸǴˮƯˣ֪֮󣬻᲻۵ɱ
֣벻ڻԵĺܣ
ַ̧ͷȥ벻˵ľȻ򰵺֮ǵĳϣվӦþ򰵺֮׷ˣ
ʮ׷һսԼֻʣѹɥʬԼ۹Թ֮ɫ
ϵǱԼ֣ʤն˷ԩ·խ


331  ĩ
϶Լ΢Цַüͷ˵϶ûк⣬ԼƭԼǳȻܹ΢Цʹһ˿ѹ
һܶԵ΢Ц˲µˣȻˣһɥʬȻһ˸еµɥʬ
ȻϹ΢ЦַȴûЦûжԵ΢Цϰߡ
αװ϶ԶĵˣַҲԶԼԷΪѣ³һٶʾãȻ򶯲ǿűġ
Գʮ׷ȴûзЩ׷ĺ¶ȻǼԼɱǵͬ飬ϲŭϵ⼸ɥʬǿߣַ㲢Ƿϡ
Եļɵ֮ɫϵѾӽʮ򣬶ʮ˫ֵĻ֪ԼûлʤϣȻˣϵȴǿܶ࣬ǲòԼһУַ㿪ϵ۽ѹƶԷİա
ͮʶϣֻǸеǰ˼Ϊֲ人͹ݹԶԶǰ˧ɥʬϵƺˣɥʬ˭ôǿ
ַ㵭˵벻ҲӰӳǣ£Ӱӳˡ
Ȼ֣ˣ˾ҲˣǽһӦú㣬˵ллɣȴû뵽ҵҪõĶ࣬һ֣
˵Լ˻˾ڷԼַӳϵȴһ㣬˵⻰ʱҲϡ
ִΪӰӳľۻ굤ɣ
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⻰ַ㵹Щ⣬ԳϽʮԼϵ۽ѹƵסȴԼ۾Ȼߡ
ԼƺЩõĹ˷֣˵ȣҲԵù䣬ȷͽᲢ۵ġ
ڳ˵ӰӳˮһַҲϣһӰӳĩųֵģһȴǰꡣ
Ȼ֪һӰӳǻһʲôͬȴ֪ӰӳǾƵأһӰӳУû̵κκδһ㶪
֪ӰӳǵĴڣ漰һܣ˵Ϊʲôĩή٣ĩ֮Ϊʲô࣬ޣɥʬǿȺľ档
ӰӳǸǸЩǧ˿Ƶϵһĩڣȹַһʮ󳬼սʿ֮һ˵ĩһ֣һɻ߶صֲµĴ֡
࣬ޣɥʬǿȺһصߣǹӣֻûܹµǹصʲô
һֱͼ֤ȺľλһֻεֿһС
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ϣַһȽľı齵ʱȴ˺ܾò죬һʱûϵøֲˣֻʱͻʮĴأʹһȼ
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ע⵽һ£ܶǿɥʬǿĪʧӰӳڣĵʱ֪Щǿߵ渶ݺһûл꣬ҲûΥӰӳǵĹ涨ȴصʧˣ󲻽⡣
ַҲ¶Źֵı飬һУӰӳвûнӴ飬ѵһӰӳµı仯
ַӰӳǵ⣬ַûֱӰƸ˵ֻоۻ굤ҩϵƣڱصá
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ҹʱַ֣õȲĳˣһ棬ϱֱ˵֣֪㷢û֣Ѿ߾һıС
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а̾Щܷ죬Ϊɥʬ಻ͬʮ˸ӣǰʱʹˡ
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ַһȻһҲ˵Ļ˵ʱõȴǲ²Ŀû֧˵
ȴÿ϶Ŀ˵һУһĩ֮ǰǳԽĴڣɥʬʼ潫һȸ̫ǿߵĴڣܵõһЩΪ֪飬Ҳ֮С
ַһʮ꣬ǷһЩֵ飬ǿˣܶǿ߱Īȥ֮ǿˣҲһЩԤ飬ǵ
޵ͬʱԽɥʬ̫ĻҲһЩ˵֣ʹǵʵ½
ѵһصƶĩķⱣȺΪʲô
һԼʹǿԼڱǣ¥ǣǣ人ǵĲ֣ʹȫĵŽһ𣬳ΪһĿܡ
Ļ᳹׳ԽɥʬʱȺǹص뿴ģѵӰӳǹصйأ
ǰȫĵǿɥʬǿӰӳûɥʬȵСȺĲ࣬ԱȺƾеľ档
һԼһɥʬķ֣ıȺľ棬Լ
ԼӰ£ٶȲԽһȫϣ֮֮ںҲ˺ܶ࣬ƱػӰȺƽ⡣
ѵһӰӳǵǰ֣Ϊ˶ԸԼ


332  ʷǰǿߵĶԼ
ַ벻Ͽ͸
ΪȺԺδ
λǰ˵Ե̫ͣǵ̫͵Ĵڣ̫ȣ̫͵ڼ̫УĴڡˣĸ̫ͶвֵĿܣǶҲ˵ֻǲǳͬɣ
ҵڣ
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ַͻȻյ˳ϵ⣬ӰӳǣԼȻǲĳУӰӳڣȴϣԼϵҲ˵ãٶʱڶ˫
ֵ˼Ӱӳǽˣͬȥ⿪һЩܣ
ǣΪӰӳǣΪǿžۻ굤𣬾ûоۻ굤Ҳһ֮ͻһǿžۻ굤û֪˭ƶĩķǱ˲˹ɥʬҪҳЩͬھ
ַ˵ͷʾͬϵ飬еɻ󲻵û˵ĩķһǿƶһֵĻǽһȻƻ֣һʲôأԼǲҲЩıߵĿ֮أ
Ͻ֣ҹ۲˺üˣӰӳǳסժ¥͸Ź죬һ⣬ֵȥһ̽
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Ӱӳ֮ǰ˶ַ˵£ֻ´Ҳš
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ֶڵ˶˫ΪڵĹϵſַܺ϶еˣȻ̶Ҫȥժ¥漴ҹ£ֱժ¥ȥ
Ӱӳǵĳǹ棬ժ¥Ӱӳǳסĵطκβǰ͵ˣҪȻǹˣҲҪץס͵߲УץסˣӰӳǵĳǹϸʲôã
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ַӡУϪһ߸ϵĴڣ˿̣ȴ˵Сһūš
ʲôܽӰӳǳ˱ϹϾСһһԸأ
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ˡ
ϱַ϶Ŀסˣַ˵Ϊʲô϶ַӰ¥ʱҪϺü죬ûժ¥Ϊʲôȴܹ϶Ǹ˵أ
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ˮһаӤףַǿһ֮Ҳһ˿Ŀ־塣
ǸӤ׵Ӱˮ¶һּΪ̵ı˵ǶⳡϷ趨ģɥʧ󳬹ԭȵԤƣȥĻò˶ʮ꣬ȺƾҪƣƽһ־棬ʹⳡϷǵļȶȥҪȻⳡԼұҪǸϹˣ
ַ¶˷ŭı飬ԭĩٹ治֣һЩ֪ĴƶģǸˮڵͶӰһʷǰǿͨԪռתͶӰ
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ַһȥ̫͵̹Ŵ½Ҳ֪̫֮ǿҵӣ̹Ŵ½УСĴڣֻҪǵǰҲһָ߸ϵԽС
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ˮеӰ˭ĿҲĩٵƶ߻ҪĲ֮һڣַһ£Ǿɥʬ޵ľսн
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ˣǸַǿ죬᲻Ϲйأ
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˹ϪˮڣһӤĿֲڵĶԻַϲηѡ
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ΪӮⳡԼϹҵ˵̫ǿĺڰҪǰа֮ǣ˺ϵѸ
ղŹϪ˸ǻԼǿϹʷǰǿйأַȴ֪ԼͲʶʲôϹСģǰ
뵽ǰĸַ֣ɫͻȻһ䣬ԼΪʲôһԼβ̬һȻĿԼ˲ŶԣԼһ̣Լȴˡ
ϹйصĻԼҲⳡľֵһӣ
ַ㰵̾ҿԼһˣҪȻԶҲ֪ĩôһ£֪ĩԺη
ַаԷģһ죬Լ㹻ǿˣһҪɱԼ˫ϹʷǰǿӤȴаˣУûһˡ
λʷǰǿߵһЦ⵽˻ԵĴʹַҲǲ⣬ϹʹԼĻΪԼǰԼĶľ֮еҪӡ
ַ㻹벻ףλǿǾʹֶΣеά߷ԪһԪĳ׻
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Ҳһķŭõ˽һЯʱΪԼã֪ԼҲֻһӶѡ
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ӰӳǵĹߣһԭԭⲢһԤıĲ߻ЩɥʬǿǼӰӳǳٳûۻ굤һ£ΪԼƭ뿪ġ
λֵҵ飬ھͰ鷴Ӧȥѡһߣۻ굤
ȻЩɥʬǿΪӰӳǲóۻ굤Ҫ뿪Լ齻ᣬʱЩɥʬ˺ҲԼ޹ء
ӰӳǵĹ߲˵Ļ֪ȴǣȷ˲߻ģǳΪַʾһϷȹϪóۻ굤
ַܲѵۻ굤ˡ
ϼϷݵĲˣͦǺãǾ͸ųһʱ䣬ǱΪڿɹƭʱ˵ʲôǶҪ뿪

ժ¥ڣϪЦЦЦһȺԪҲ̣ǵڶ̫͵ҩѵΪҵľۻ굤ǸЩ׼𣿡
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ϪһСӵ˵ǵҪɱȺαɥʬȻ⣬ȴʹǳԼˣϹԼ˭ҲԪеκ¡
ֻ˶Ŀˣַڲʱǿ󣬳ϸڽһİ£õ˳ĿǰַϵޣЩ£ļϹӰˣ
ˣȴûץϹµ֤ݣ͵Ϲûи£ȻɱɥʬǿߵĻпܱϹ֣ǵȻ㲻ʲôĶԼȴпܻˡĿǰҪģֻаƶƣٴӱϿɥʬ໥ɱˣֻŲᱻϹָ𡭡
Ϫ̾һϹһΪӮⳡԼ㰵аַ㣬ԼһΪӮöԼҲԪӰӳǣͨɱɥʬеǿߣɥʬԽԽǿͷ
ұ˵ԪһУʵ϶ѾˣֻҪԼ뷽跨άȺƽ⣬Ϲʮ֮ĶԼӮˣʱԪ
֮Ӱӳǰɥʬɱ̫ݣʹǵȫ޵ĻʱӰӳǱᷴɥʬ
ӰӳԪĴڵĿֻһǾάȺƽ⡣
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˵ֻ꣬ǿ˵һѣַһ˼ѹȫҲԶ輸ˣضܽӰӳǵɥʬǿ߰˰ˡ
ð취

ֱַһʼѾͷԴʹ࣬ԼϵĵѪ֪ͮĵһΣŮıҲ̫ˣ󣬾ȻΪԼȥˡ
ַаŭԼôүһôܱѾͷأаͮѹ˿£һҹ֮䣬ַ꣬һ۶ϡ
ڴ·ͮԼǰĻԲ˫壬ַ̲סЦͮӵζ˻ζҪҪٹסһޣ
ˡ
ͮȻڳַ㣬飬ȴһַ˸ڻˡ


336  ͷı
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֮ļҲǺȱĹѣûͷҪȻᱬһҲ̶õĴս
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Ӱӳǵ⣬ԼеһջʤǾԼϵõۻ굤ģԼ߳ʤˣҲԼõۻ굤
һõۻ굤Լ϶֮ܵõۻ굤ΪһУҪԶԶڱޣ𰵺֮ǵɥʬҲӰӳҲΪƽȺЯ
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ܲһ£ȥȥһ£ַ㰲ٺȥӰӳǰűĹ㳡ϡ
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ַ˵ʲôҲ᲻ţǸŵװȦһĵŮǰӢһɱĽŮӢһˡ
Ѿͷ·ĲЩƮƮģЩվȣѵΪϵĲ͹ȣŻַ㲻ͷ롣
ַͮĿʱͮҲװϸ¶ɬ֮ɫϡϣԼǸһ˿ƯŮ
ͮݺݵĵַһۣƺֱ̫һɬĵͷ
ʱһɽ˸̨Ա
ñȽԶַֻպʲôȴû壬ֻ˵ϣܴɥʬǿߣܳĴۻ굤
պ߻˵ϣ˽߾ȫչʾԼʵʵַӰӳǵ⣬Ǿϣɥʬǿ̨ƴԽԽãںͷΪʲô˵ĿҲˡ
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˵ǳϣַжʱЦѣҲµӰӳǵ⣬ɥʬǿΪۻ굤ͬھ˳ϲų¡
ڳɥʬǿеλܼĻɥʬǿߵĻͷȻвãȴҲòгս̨˵ס
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ͷ޷ַֻͬϵ飬Ǿս̨֮ϲʤĻֱȡ˫ۻ굤ʸ
֮еɥʬǿǾ³ϣȻҷԳϵ飬ַҲ֧飬¾Ͷ
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ͷ˿ַ㣬ֿ˿ϣа̾һȻս˫ܶԶԷ֣ⳡսѷɫܶˣһսʲôͷ
ںͷһּ䣬ʽʼΪۻ굤ɥʬǿǣҪս̨һϸˡ


337  ǹɨ
ʱԾԾԣȥһ֣ȴַסˣĴ۾ʵָ磬Ϊʲôֹңȥȫſ£ؾۻ굤
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һɻַû˵Ϊˣʹӵ˶ĵ񶴲ټժ¥ϵõϢŶ϶һı
Ӱ¥˿ڿҪԼôۻ굤䵽ԼأӰ¥Ҫ˵Ļҳһڣ֤ΪӢޱȣˡ
Ȼˣⲻһıĵõ˾ۻ굤ĻԼҲԴ˵
Ͼӱۻ굤ҪȴӰ¥жҪ׵Ķˣɥʬ֮УΨһԼһϸµģҲֻгˡ
ѾԼ֤Ⱦָۻ굤ܳ˵⻰ǲǳģʶĻ͸ԼԼΪء
ڵİ࣬ѾӰӳǵĵһĿ꣬ʱ̣֮ϣ֮ǱЯַҲųҪȻ㲻Լˡ
ʱһǿ˸̨̨µ˷սַȻޱĿŸ̨ϵǸˣ¶˳֮ɫ
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֮ôǿûһǰǰֻжʮսʿ֪ôģѵΪԼַϣԴǱ¿߻ˣ
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ڰУսʿﻹһѪģΪ磬һЦ
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˵仰սʿȻս̨
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Ⱥһսʿ˸̨˵Ҳǰǿ࣬ﵽʮ
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Ȼ֮ǶһȽɢ֮֯ǣҲû˭˭СĻ֣ɥʬǿ˲űκɥʬлȨɥʬǿߵһ̨ðȨ֮ˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôϾۻ굤ջκ˵̫ˣҲ֪Ӱӳǵǲܽеκǿߵõۻ굤ģս̨˭ȥ˭硣
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ԳϵĴȻףӰӳǵǲõۻ굤ģѹȫҲС
һǹɥʬǿµƤϣһ˦㽫ɥʬǿӴ˸̨̨һ󻩡
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ͷΪϪµĵһıʿӰӳеĶ˿̱˵ˡ
λѵǿޱȣ˵ľԻѵ֮ϣ֮УûܹǿĹλǹ𣿡
ͷ˵⻰ַ֮Ȼ˵ЦȻʧǵĿ羰ûߵĻ
ǰ֮еɥʬϣ֮еǿߣжеЩź
Ϊǿַ㣬밵֮еһǿ߳ϣȻⳡսкޱʾѵķۻ굤
ͷε˵ų̂ĻλǹѱļѹȫΪܾۻ굤ѡˣʱλҪ𣿡
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ĩУÿ˶ƴǿԼžۻ굤ȴʹǵַͬʱ˵ûκε
ַ㻹˵Ϊͬ㣬õۻ굤֮пַܻ㣬ǳ˵ȴ޷ˡ
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֮ǵɥʬǿϣ֮ǵ࣬Ŀ䵽ս̨ϵĺͷϡ


338  
ɺޣȺųԪų򣬾Ȼۻ굤ĵûУͷаޣȴó˵
ѹȫѾǲʵˣҵڻĻҪŵԣȴûŵԵĴ㣬⵱ȻҲǹϪе뷨
ɥʬǿĿⶼ˺ͷϣƺ뿴᲻Ѿۻ굤죬ܱ롣
ͷȻύۻ굤ȴ˵ŭѷǧڷŭ֮£һɱս̨Ļֻеô˵ŭ
ͷ΢΢һЦ˵λֵܼѹȫѾ˿Եõ˴еѡ֮һ
ҲͷǻлкһеǹƺˣȻ˵ʲôг˵Ĵѡ֮һѵ֮⣬бѡ𣿡
ȻŴϣѡһȫ֮ˣΪļ̳ߣֻѹȫǻҪĲɣսȷۺϿѡһλܽۻ굤
¶ŭɫʳԶʵʳԶ֮˵ôˣǵһμ
ԭԭڶ̫͵ʷǰǿ߶һȺʳԶʵļһԼӰӳǣǳʶˡ
ϵŭԽԽأеņ̀𣬱һŭ׼˲ԶߵؿڣһǹԷ̸͸
⡭Ӱӳǵ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣô֮ǰ˵бĲĿⲻƭ𣿡
Ӱӳǣ˵ĻȻ粶Ӱ飬ӰӳǵֹȻǰ׽еġ
ǳƭӺüǧݺңͻһ֣ӵأ
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ǰĽŲͻȻͣĸ˵Ŀ⣬·ŤȻʹԶ˱廨ĸоǹҲһ
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ŭģĸ˵һĳȥһնΪΡ
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еņֻ̀ĵ·ԶĿУɢŲս⣬죬һ޶죬ǿˣҲֻɱȴܽڽ¡
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վڸ̨ϣҪ˵Է֣ǿǰ̹ȻվͲˣȻҪԷƴơ
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Լַ㲼֣Լܹδﵽڶ̫ǿ߲ĵزЩʷǰ
ԼˣַҲˣ˭֣뵽ϸеǰ·Īĳ
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ַ첻ͬնĻֻҪӰӳǵ˵ƻӰӳǵĹؾˡ
ַȴһǻսеżһֶԸַ㣬˵̨ŭ
ַһ仰ˣӰӳڡ
ںͷԥʱ̣һͻȻȳ֡
еıЯһɻصƣֱնַ㡣
Ȼ̨ս̨нǧ֮Զ̨µǿǣǱ˱ЯĿֲƸסˣЩˣǰѱ˶Ĥݵ˼
ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ȻԸղǿ׼һƣٶȶԵиɻֵĻǹ֪η
ͮĿ䵽ַϣ¶һĹע֮顣
Ȼַʮ㣬ʷǰǿֲ֮ȴַǰɱɥʬ߱׶ԸһΣӮ
ÿ˶ӵвַĵǣĸˣַֻһˣȻҲǰæȴ֪Լֻʮ
еκһҲܹӦ˵һӳδɵϸǹų˲еĽǸС
ͮҲģַеĵһˣڽַܲһԶҲӢģůĴϣЩˡ
˿ٵһͮķĸ뵽ǣһԼԼô㡣
ܿ͵óһۣǾôҲ㲻һ
һ̫죬̫̫꣬Ӧˣֻнʮһȴﵽʮ㡣
ʮǿߣɱʮĴڶ£Ҫ˵ֻʮͮˡ
һ̣ͮЩĿַ㣬һնΪεģĿ
ڱ۾ַ̫֮İΣĿ΢΢һϣһգҲգĶս̨ϵַ㡣
ԪǿУҲֻﵽʮĳⳡսˣ֣Ҳ΢΢һ㶡
ս̨ԶڸϹȥҲַ㵲סһҲ뿴ַʵΣһҲû
¶һ˿ĺ⣬ıҪַˣַȴ޷ӦǱԼ̫ѸٵĹɵˣȴΪԷɵ˶ŹԷ
ॡ
һײַв֪ʱסһıڻݷʱ̣б
˳岽µʯ˫ֱӲȱַɫ糣վԭأϵıûһ˿̨ȴѾȲס
ǰ֮ǵɥʬǿߣΪַʯƾһסˣڿϵ۽ַ֮޼Ψһܹʾ˫ǿģ˵ս
ַһͻȻˣȻַֻһʾ˵ǿ
ַ밵֮ǰĳжڵڶ̫͵ǰЩɥʬǿǷ׷Ϊַ޵н
ǿǣǲһ˫ˣУַԼˣַӰӳ磬ҲԼҫû̫
սڷӳԼǿˣµڶ̫͵ǿߣǰҲռ˿ıˣĿеַ㡣
ַ˵ٱŤģǱ̨µɥʬѿ
ǵڶ̫͵ǿߣսʱǴﵽʮ꣬ȴԪһĩл˲һˡ
оԼ˾޴ĳ裬Ǹո¹ε֪үڴͻȻһؤץסһһ޹⡣
һнһãбһΣӲбɱַ㡣
һҹˣһַ㣬һǿߵĴҪѽӰӳǵҪȺŹѽ


339  ۻ굤
ѽһȺΧսһˣһϣǡ
ԭӰӳǲһȺ޳ܵųбµ
໹ɥʬս̨ϵļΧַľٶŭˣǶʮǿߣȺ󹥻ַ㣬ȷЩ۸ˡ
˲˽һϣΧȺҹҲֻЩǿ˵˵ѣʮǿǰǸ޷Ҳǿ࿹⣬Ȼ򲻹ûԸǰأ

һ촫ڶҲַһˣ˳ü֮ɫüΪѿ
ַͬӲӲһǣûȫָʱǰնַ㣬ʧˣԭսǿᡣ
Ȼ̨µɥʬǼҪߣ޲ս̨ȥѵѵǼ˫Ĳ࣬ǻˡ
˵ղҲûһϣڵһַ㽻ֵʱûгû֡
ֱַǵһ֮ͬ󣬵ڶųַ㣬ҲΪάӰӳǵϡ
У໹ɥʬеǿߣֵһ
ǿɥʬ֣ѾԪǵˣΪڶ̫͵ǿߣǵԽҲǺΧַ㣬ʧݵ顣
ղŵʵҲȷʵڵһʧ֮󣬵ڶųֵģҲ˶۸٣ֻ֣սѡ
ڶֵƴϵȻҪռˣȻַһˡ
Ⱥˣַʱ򣬺ͷͻȻһ˵סַ֣Ӱӳǵѣʲô˼Ͻ£
ַеĳͻȻأҵļһ˵һߣɾ䣬ûһˮ
̨µɥʬǿȻϴҲ˵ãҲŲ֮ɫƺûնַеźѡ
еκһ˵뿪ϵ۽ַ˶٣ȻղַһˣַҪɱǣȴҲЩһķ߷֮ɫ
ַЦһͷҲʶʱ񣬸ղųѾٳս̨ͮǿҲ׷ױս̨
һսӰӳǲްɥʬǿȫɱߣһսӰӳǱҲ޷ڸǸԪıͷźס
ͷ¶һ˿΢Цղ֮ûַֹ֣뿴лս֮Ƶַ㵽мＸ
ڣѾеˣǾֵַȷȣһĲ࣬ϪȵĻսֻбɱķݡ
ַʵ֮󣬺ͷźסǼѾ⣬Ǿ͵õ͵¡
ַַɲӰӳǣֻҪԼԸ⶯ֵĻʱɱǣѵܷɳԼ
ͷַ㣬ֿ죬˵ղֻһᣬַ˲⡣
ҿԲ⣬ҵֵأղ˵˭ѹȫܵõۻ굤Ǿۻ굤أ
ַˣղûɣҸղ˵ֻҪ˭ѹȫгΪǹųĴ֮һ˵һõۻ굤ųĴС
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ַ˵죬ڿЩɥı˵ǲк³ģֻⱨӦʱδˡ
ַûм£ô˵Ʊ磬Ļ˫ҹҲ۳һźס죬Ҫۡ
ͷƤղַǾڿƺӰʲôѵ֪ӰӳӦòܵģ
ַ˵λųǲҪмѡһˣõĴۻ굤
ǵȻǹųҪҲǺϸģǵĿҲѡһ涼Ҫ˳ս̨ϵıǡ
㲻ýֻͣʣоûоۻ굤
Ȼˡ
һǸڿɹƭӰӳǱûʲôۻ굤
ַˣ㲻Ҫ˵
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ͷĿ¶׹Ķַ㣬ԭַ˵˰죬ҪԼóۻ굤
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ͷ˵޷⣬Ҫʾһ¹ų
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ͷϵϹϪʱ򣬹Ϫ粻м˵Ⱥ̫͵Ҳ봹ҵľۻ굤ǰΡðɣ͸ǿ£ҾͲЩӰӳӲģӲۻ굤
ҵϣܹŵӲʱǱݳǹ棬ɱˣЩΥǹȣϹ޷ĺ
ͷʱֱϱһ״ССӣڸ̨ϣ򿪡
һƿӿ˳ַ۾һȭͷСĽɫԪҲЩݡ
벻װĹȻǾۻ굤ǵǾۻ굤ӷ⣬ðҲð
һУַȻۻ굤ԵҲۻ굤ģŸҶ϶ǰľۻ굤Ʒ
ֻҪ˾ۻ굤Ϳ޸ǿַ࣬Ҳ¶֮ɫ


340  ³
յַǰ˵ָ磬һ֣˾ۻ굤󣬴֮ززʱ˭Ҳץסǡ
ǿۻ굤⣬ַҲûȴ֪ԼĿǰȴ޷˾ۻ굤֮ƽ뿪
ǷԼͶԸˣղԼΪǷֱ֣ԼռϷ硣
ƽĶַֻۣаɱеһԷ֣ɱıԼˡ
ԼԶԸһ죬ҲԶԸһѹһҲֻѹƶԷѡ
ս̨ϴԼһǰܶʤ٣аʤҳϻ᲻ְԼ˵
ȻԼΪֵܣʶʱϾ̫̣ɥʬɥʬϾѪս˺ü꣬ԺҲɱȥ
ϵôԼûһļ϶أʹַ޷ȫŶԷ
Ӱӳеĺͷûгֵ֣Ļвֻ±ȷҪ󣬶ӰӳλµĳϪ磬˵ҲһֱڵһᣬӰӳǵɥʬȫ
ֻҪӰӳǸɥʬǿ߿һǿӰӳԽնɱ
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ڶԪӤжԼϹҲ˵ʲôѵԵڶ̫͵ĽԪǰȨû
ַȻκ˶ϣõԶľۻ굤ȴΪ˾öˡ
ʵֻҪԼԼãͮڵ˾ۻ굤֮ƽ뿪㺦Ҳûʲô
пֵܳһǣһҲ߲ˣַŲäĿ֣󵨵Ľַֻ֮ǵ˵ȵ˵ɡ
Ĵ۾ԵɵñˣַܲΪʲôųôɱħɱħķԶ
ַҲûнʲôǰ֮ԸɱħɱħʱΪɱԷİգӰӳǵǿǰȴûգûͬ顣
ջΪȫ֣вòѹ󵨷뷨ת뿪
ַԶȥıӰͷһĸղŵư֮ɫɫһΪԼ˽̫͵ġ
ɥʬҲãҲãֻҪһԸԴԶԶԼ顣
ַǿʮ£ɥʬеĵһǿ߳ϵҲ𣬱ȷ΢һ㡣
Ӱӳеǿȣǲ˺ܶ࣬ڶ̫͵ĴȣҪ˵ַϣﵽһĹϪ磬ҲһĴڡ
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ַΪΪİ֮ǣԳٶȲϱǿеڶ̫͵˸е˲Ӱӳǵĵ
Ӱӳͼɥʬ֮ѪսĿʧ֮󣬺ͷһƲһƣϪóۻ굤ǰ԰ڡ
޷Ҫַڼ˾ۻ굤֮ԲӰӳǳ
ַԶԶһ۾ۻ굤뿪ս̨˺ͷϣͷȻַ֪Ƽأڶ̫͵ҩۻ굤ơ
ַ㻹ˣкͷһȭյʧУҲжĿ˺ܴĸı䡣
ǰУֻһȺ̰˽ΪһӬͷСϧಫĴڡ
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ȴò̰ˣѵԪǣе̰Ѿʧ
ͷȴģֻҪԼžۻ굤ǿ߾ͲܷһΣԼԾۻ굤ΪնһܽӰӳǵɥʬȫնɱ
ַȻȥӰһ˿ο֮ɫȻַ֪㲻þۻ굤ݵ˼ھۻ굤ǰǿַȴͷҲصˡ
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Լֵܣĩһ֣Ҷˡ
ַ֪ǵԼûۻ굤㱻ͷֻɱˣûðȻ֣ʱ֪л᲻ᵱѪ
ϣ½мʮɥʬǿǿս̨ͼ߾ۻ굤ǶһնΪأʬս̨֮ϣҲ̶á
Щȥɥʬǿߣһȥս̨һȥģȻȥս̨֮ǰûϵΪǵֵסۻ굤ջ󣬲Ⱥϵս̨
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֪֪һǿɥʬлн֮ģΪ̨ϵķһֱܣϸķҲ˵һ̣ԼܳӰӳиʱ򣬰Ѿۻ굤ˡ
ȥս̨˲һһģʼûͣЪ˵Ľ֮ԶʧҲĩǰ࣬ѴѴѵǮ͵ƱվȻûжٻرȻԹ޻ڵԭˡ
ΪĴңһԼĴ󽱣Ȼһδʧȴֶƣ
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ӰӳĴУϪЦַϻסǾȻô춼ûг֡
ͷһ˵ŲɣԪ̰˽ַȻ⡣
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˷ģһʮСϻ졭
зַһս̨ǿۻ굤ҲѳɹֵַĻЩ֡
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ͷһ£ʮ˵ҿǶˣַһĻȻᱻ࣬еһȺĻұǰõϢݵһ㣬Ѿźˡ
ϪҲ뵽һ£Ԫ˲ֱִ໥ʱ㲻Ϊ棬ҲԳԼߵΪ֡
ϪʵѵУҵԸΪṩϢĻļ𣿡

ڰҹ
ַ֪ٵˣͮչ죬һȥս̨Ӳۻ굤˶ʱһ˷ܣսˣˡ
ȴһ˿ʣʵȥս̨֮ϵķֻǻԸˣ
쵱Ȼ̰ҪȻϣҲƴˣƾ˵޷ѹƷַѹеһȴ޷ѹ
ս̨ҲûʲôȴԼçײ
ַͷ˵˶˷ûá
Ҳˣǲ̫ˣ
˶෴£³⣬ֻǲܳʤ
֣ʤҲҪʵģ˱̫ԶˣȷҪ
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ʼ벻ףΪʲôһ侲ַĻУĬ˺һ˵ȻˣҾӡ
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һ˶񻯣ַΣյľɣ
ʱ˵áҵĻţɱʹ죬ҾһƱģҲӰӳǵ֪Ҳų򡣡
仰ַ֪жĲ󣬵Ȼ׷Լɴ˿֪ȷǸһĺӡ
ĩУȻЩ˿屡죬˵ǿΪֵ߲嵶Σգȴ˭ܵĶ죬Ȼ첻ˡ
ҹĻڻַ㣬Ȼս̨¡
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ַһȭȥǸͷϵĺж˸飬ۻ굤ȴδˣһҹգַһ֣ۻ굤ץС
гһƬŤգַһǿŴʥϢľۻ굤֮У漴Ťʧ
ַųһֻҪۻ굤װսǱ֮оİȫˣˣҲϢٴԼ϶ȥ
ʲôˣȻ͵ۻ굤
ĵӰһַΧ˺ġ


341  ܵ
ַ¶һ˿Цڲǲ̫ˣ
ۻ굤ѾԼװսǱˣѵǻٶȥⲻڽԼѳԽȥĶ³ѵǲ֪ԼֻռˣȴԿ
ߺַ㵭˵ô첻㲻ʶˡ
ַ㣬Ȼ㣿
ѵңе𣬴˵еӰӳҲˡַ첻ˣİѾۻ굤ᵽˣҲᵽˣаɱǣŲţ
ŭַ㲻˾ۻ굤˵һһţһһˣѵ඼һ޳
ػۻ굤ĵһ𣬾ȫַۻ굤ˣַȴ޶
ͷȻҲǣ˵ַһģôȥˣַȴѰټ
Ϊַ㲻ˣиһֱڸĺͷҲûȻҲΪַ㲻ˣȻȴû˵
ַҪľĻᣬиȷţս̨һʼжôϸķҲὥиġ
ΪԾûʲôԶļȥ
ȻӰӳǵԵڶ̫ͣǵǿ̫֮⣬ǳ࣬˼ķʽû̫Ĳ졣
һУַҲڶ̫͵ǿߴҲ˽ǣھһܵϸ֮ս̨ķи
ֱַõۻ굤ŷӦȴѾʧȥ˶ؾۻ굤ûᡣ
ֻҪַ㽫ۻ굤װսǱǿַʮǿߣҲ޷սǱ֮аѾۻ굤
ַ˿̸ǰ¾ģͷɶѪԼҲҪѧѧЩˣҪԼжؾۻ굤ǰΡ
ַ˵ǿžۻ굤ÿԻȥΨһϣ˵ַܽ㿴ıԼҪҪĻĻһõ
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ۻ굤ַϣӰӳǵɱףҪؾۻ굤ȴǧѡ
һŭַ㣬ֻҪ㽻ۻ굤ǿ㲻
ĲңֻǻˣڽҰѵľۻ굤Ϊ԰Сãƭ棿
ɱԼϣǹϪͷͶµļƻַ㲻ۻ굤ӰӳǵҲŹ˷˵ʲôҲš
Ȼ֪Щ仰ĺӶƭȻҲƭթ˵ַˣȴòô˵ΪִУ᲻Ծ˵ġ
ѵ˵㽻ۻ굤ҲҪɱĻַֻ֮ǰ׻˾ۻ굤
ַᵽƯĸζ΢΢һüͷ
֮ʬϷζܲţеʬѾˣȵ£ǻӷŵζ
֪Ϊʲô治ɫľסս̨ϣѵһ㲻ںЩʬϷĸζ
ս̨ϣԿŵĸζ޶ԣַȴһҲԸ
ַЦһֱӳ̨±ȥոأ׷ǵٶȻַ㣬Ҳ̫࣬˼䣬ְַΧ˺ġ
ղֵַٶ̫ˣոճ̨ϣڷûüӦʱ򣬱Ѹٻ˷УȵϳʱַѾѾۻ굤ŽսǱС
Էؾۻ굤ķ˵ֱһ޴ĳ裬˻ɱַ㣬Լ뷨
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ַ͵ۻ굤ⲻǹı䣬˷ΧַһˣҲʧݡ
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һĽ𣬲ԶһʮŮ˳һѽıŮ۾ļģҲΪɰ
廹ûȫɣȻĿǰѾﵽ˾ŮƽߣȻܵزҲСɲ¶Ƕѡ
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Щǿ߲ϵĹάԼЩַԽܣΪЩǿ佱ĻЩȴܲͬⲻǺ˵˵
СүСүʰˣɱ¾ֻ֮٣֮ȮôΪСүѽ
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һԼ人ڣһͷ࣬Լֽϻһȭ˵ԼᱻԷ̳
ҲԽԽˣΣԼҪϻط˳ǣ˲
ͮߺַսǱ֮ȡ˷Сʱ֮ڻص˷˳ǡ
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̫ͶʽĴСżڱ̫͵ƿأһԪ
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ͬӤĴڣʵѾٶ֮൱ˣǰĴȴһ߳塣
Сˣȴ֮˿־Ĵ֮һ
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ڹرˮ֮ǸСģǿߣѾʧľۻ굤ͨǿžۻ굤Լġ
֮ȴҲû֪ۻ굤꣬仰˵˭ܽ˾ۻ굤пܱٿ壬ʹں˾ۻ굤ˣΪķܡ
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⣬ַҲѣ̹Ŵ½ĿƼʵĶʹ˺һƬգ̨ͨӦû̫⡣
ֻǲ֪Լ̨ܲͨ
Լֵܣַвɵøһ˫С۾ЦЩ


346  ̨ͨϲ
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ķ֣޷̨ͨϺɨһܹ˲
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ҲʶҪսҪȥ̨ͨĥսõȥǿƼ֮£սҲ޷ȥ۰̨ͨ
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ĩпҲãܰҲѣҶһȥԡ
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ַ㣬ĶˣҲйȥУ԰ǵ꣬꣬
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ҲԼĶҲ¼󣬼ʮڱ˴˼еĶȻǹȥǸЦܺƣЩˡ
ֻĴ۾ʮ꣬˶Ķ࣬вõԼϣиԼһ㳤󣬲ַЯĵá
һȺˣ໥£˳֮С


347  Ƥֲ
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Ķûϼ䣬ֳǰǸӵģĶ˵Լͻ˰㣬֣ʤһĽĿ⡣
֮УǰıĶ˭뵽һƲķ񷴶һӳˣĴأ
෴ַ㵽Ϊ⣬̹Ŵ½ԴڽĶͻưͲʲô£Ժøֲ
ʤҲҪŬˣܾͻư㣬Ǿͻᱻʱ̭
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ԼҲҪŬһˣԼʮ㣬㿪ϵ۽Ҳʮ㣬ԼٶȵĻĩ꣬Լûǿ࿹ġ
ĩ꣬һչҪˣʷĳѾӿתٶȣ࣬ɥʬб޶Ҫӭˡ
ⳡУκθʱŲĴڶᱻ̭
ǿ磬˻ɱңҪСܱѽ
߰˸ڵĸ˹
ַ㿴ЩһۣУȻ˴ﵽսˮƽϴ죬ͮһ
ЩˣսаϵʮֿǰǿߣЩΪҲַ֮С
ûһ㱳ĻԼʱ򣬱㲻š
ַعͷ˵ͻȻ뵽м黹ûǸҪ뿪һ¡Щ˾ͽǴɣϣǲҪʧټ
ַ仰֮Ķӡ
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ĵĸмҲµַǣҲΪĥǵսȻǰ߰˸ûһǵģҲֻǰЩ൱Ķ֣ܼϵǱʹǻͻơ
֣ʤϳɣҲַ֪ЩǣҪĥǣҲû˵ʲôиǺڴŴɱһ
ĶǸͻưˣԼȲҲͰˣС̫ԶЦ
ĶһɲС˵ʲôʲôЩģˣСү鷳
ΪߣĶ̹Ŵ½ȫ࣬ͻͽԸȻû˿ı䡣
Щ˵ƣҲ¶֮ɫһµˣеʱ£ĺûᣬȻ
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ķ֮ң˶ͬ飬ղնģȺУսǿǿ֮һҲǷصһˡ
벻սаǰʮĴڣһУ㱻Էһնɱˡ
ʱ˿̣ϳ˸ղųֵС򣬶ԷŰɱСϵСħŮ벻СħŮ˿ֲҪϴŰɱʱˡ
߰˸΢΢һȻ벻СŮѾȻᱻһˡ
սǿһΧ˹иǱһ뷨Լһ򲻹ǣѵһϣײ˶Էأ
ʱ˿̣Ҳ̨ͨԶʤٵĹ涨֮Ժ
ǶǶ۷ǿߣ˶٣ˣֻһˣ뵽һ㣬Щ˵ĵˡ
ұģʽ̨ܱܹͨǿߵΧڱЩˣԺ̨ͨٴͷҲоһȡ
ַĶѬĿȾ£Ķ֣ʤ˶ϲ޵۸ˣϲ۸񱻴ôȴأ
Էһˣʣĸȴܣٴ¶һ˿Ц⣬Լ߰˸ˣսаλǰʮǿߡ
ȻԷɱһԼ߸أԼһռ˴ˣǼ˵ģƺڿս֮ǰʹϵͳģʽ
һ˫֮Ҫ˳㲻ˣ̨ͨϣûгֹսһʱ̨ͨ鷢
ԼͺݺʰСŮС򣬶ҲܷŹҲΪԼǿ
ǿ߲˹أΧ˹ȻԶʤ١
Ķһ˵ʲôүǴһδ𣿡
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Ķתͷ˵˵Сƨѹ⼸ֵܻղҲ̫ˣΪʲôһͰѱһء
Χս־ͣ˽ŲףǸС۾Լָͬ顣
ȺҲ̫ûмǮˣһûˣһʱˮָԼͬ飬ûǼûˣǻǵһμ
ЩֶЦˣһˣһˮһʣµ˻ܳʲôԼ˵ʲôҲҪݺĥŮ
ͻȻһĶսǿߵֱӱնϡ
Ķ̹Ŵ½һǳͻ˰㣬սȴҪĥҪʰ¶ԷҪսһ
ȴսǼָ˲һնɱսǿߡ
ԼıϲϵѪˮĶЦСɩӣҲ˵㣬Ҫ˵ĻôҲҪնôſһأ
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̹Ŵ½ĶǿĲȫͬʱսߡ
ĶսǿȴʹɵֶΣ֣ʤаЦ
Ķ˵ַΪĿĲֶεķѧΩΩФַǧָ治ɫģȴҲ˺ܶࡣ
ַΣʱΪ˻Ϊ˴ﵽĿģʹκֶΣȻˣҲַֻߵ˲Ż֪ʵַһˡ
УַѾ񻰣һʳ˼ʥˣ˵ַ㲻ãᱻϵĭ
ʵϣַȴʲôʥˣһУΪԼԼߵ˿ԸõĻȥ
άԼͬʱ˳һȫ棬ʵַ㡣
յ˵СҲ̫ˣһôˣһ˾Щ˸ʲôҲҪǲǲ̹Ŵ½Ϣˣ㲻ǵĸˣ
СƨСɩӣǿߵԳ˭ǿֶõ࡭
Ǻãʣµ⼸ˣʤ绹ˣɲٲˡ
ɽ
ŸˣһʼնһֱĶټϺĶɱԷֻʣĸˡ
ɫüΪѿսʮҲ֪ģĶղնǵֵܣȻ͵ϮɣҲܷսҪԼһҪǿܶࡣ
ԴƵĻ˵ĺ󺺣ҲǺǵġ
ԼһҲѽôƬ֮䣬ЩսаϺ޼ɵǿߣͱɱ˸أ
ѵ̨ͨϵôصǿ𣬾ڷﰵв֮ʱߵļͬȺ֣ʤ¡
ֱ˿̣ȷԷЩˣս΢һ֮⣬ûһߡ
ֲǰĮڴս֮ǰǰ뿪ԭܵģûԼЩ˷
ûиԼĿɶսаϵĸǿߣƽֻҪһǵ֣оսʿĶӡ
Ƭ֮䣬Լһ㱻Էɱ˸䣬֪Լˣַ޿ˣǴбĿֲڡ
սѾ죬ʱҪ뿪Ѿˣ֪򲻹Էֻˡ
λˣһᡭ
ĶŭڵƨᣬڿԼ˾˵ᣬղСôţȴˣǰǶɵˣǻǵ̵͵Ƿǵĵزˣ
С˾һɱˣһҪݺݵС
ҲģСɩ⡣
ͻȻ棬ԼˣСϵŮȥŹѪֶΣĶԵʱյֶΣһûŵıȥ
֣ʤһüͷĶݶļһһһỹ֪ʲôݶֶŰɱԷһѪȺֲܿҪȻ޷Է
ԣ༸ͿԳһҲɵģ̨ͨ첻մڷķֻԺ󻹻ᱻ˼
֣ʤ̲סĶ˵ǴôԸ蹷
ѧϰƤֲݣ
Сɩ⣬ҺԪ谡
֣ʤͬʱһսƤֲһֿ̣û֮һ̵һֿ̡
̫ԪΪΣԴﵽһ̰ĹԱʹּ˵Ŀ̡
˵̷ǽϵƤӲİǻǣƤװϲݣƳľˣЩԱǰڵУԾʾ˲Ҫ̰ۡ
ĩǰȻ̰ʢУϧ˵ֿ̱׷ˣʵϧ˵ԪүӵĴ⡣
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֣ʤͬĿ˷һۣһޱˣһŤͷ˵ӣ齻Ǵˣ߰ɣ
֣ʤԶȥıӰĶһƽŵøεѣ棬иǿѪ
Ƥֲݣô˵Ŀ̶ԸԼأ̵Ķħ


348  ֮
һ֮ڣַ㽫ˣУʹͻ˰ʮ㡣
ԴȻܲ⣬̻ʲôҲû£Ҳﵽ˰ʮ㣬ַ㲻òǿԽԡ
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֣ʤҲﵽʮ㣬ҲûбЩ¡
ַȻ־޴ѹֻ˵ΣУжʮĩˣĩʱоʱĻĽᷢǰδеĴ䡣
޿һϰߣȫ෢еɥʬҲøӵǿʱϣ֮ǵĳͻԽԽҡ
ȻԼܵı밵緢ͻϱϾǰ䣬ȫĵɥʬҲֻһֵѣΥɥʬǿҲǴڡ
ĩҪˣнᵮǿߣҲǲɱ顣
ʱĳϻܱܲǰǿƻ˵˫ܹڸԵмǿƣҲ޷ֹɥʬ໥ɱ
밵СΧɱҲǺ£֮ܲע⣬ʹǽ˫Ǹּȥ
ԼϵܹϵǰعĻԼܵһ֮ǿߵĴ뿪ӰӳҲжʱˣַȴԼоڰе˫۾ԼƺԽԽˡ
ԼӰӳɱôˣʹ밵ĿգΪ˵ڶ̫͵ϣӰӳ֮Ҳġ
ַǣͻ˰ʮ֮ˣϵ۽ȴˣ㿪ˣҲӰٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮѡ
ϵ۽ļֿϵ۽ĸҲԽԽС˵Ӧøˡ
ӰӳǵвԽԽȻǰܳǹĹƣܳӰӳǣⲻԺ󲻻ӰӳǣֻҪһ£Ӱӳǵǿǣֻ»ҹϵ˳ǣԼԴ
ַ˽Լ˵ҲȷţӰӳڣ᲻ֹϪһǿߡ
ӰӳĪһֱַڶ䤱
Ȼ˰ʮڿϵ۽֮ҲԴﵽʮ㣬ˣȻûյסϪİա
Լͻ˰㣬ʱԼбĻᣬǰԼΪ˲ǿıɥʬе硣
Ӱӳһ֮ԼȫˣԪе֮
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û֮ǰֵ֮ʸûУһ£Ǳҷ
պǸ֣ԺˣԼԼСסôǸ֣еԼ
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Щ˵ֵУвǵ껢Ӫ׷ˣᶨݳǵ˷߷߲ƽǿѹţֵ붨ݵȺƴˡƫƫǷ˳ͨıؾ֮··޷ͨĻǵȥ
ַ̾һԼϲ֣ѵڶ̫͵ǿǶϽǡ
ϣ֮ǵ飬Լ͸㲻˵漰ɥʬȺľˡ
ڶϣ֮ǵΪַĻŭԼ£˶ܿз˳Ĳ룬˵ϣ֮Ǹ˳ǻԼһӲŶԡ
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ַñ޵ѪˮƳѪشݺˣҲûõеͬı޵Ѫ˫˵ҲԴϲ顣
һʮ꣬밵ȴûκ򰵺еǿֽףһֻǲС
һַȴһ˴û߹·ԼĩʲôĺĺЧӦҲûаգĺСġ
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ַҲΪ֮ǣֻڲȱʳ²ŻԼɵ顣
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ĩٲпᣬֻԼ㹻ݺң㲻öͷ³ڸԣʱȼ÷˳ƶ
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ַ̻ͬ飬ַ˵޹أ̻˹ȥݲͬ飬ȻַҪС£ų³
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ַ̨ͨϵֽ㣬ǰĵѾܼˣǸѾ֪ܶзѽˣϣ֮밵֮ǽ׵֮֯롣
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ǽûõĹѪǣȿԻǶѪֻشݺңȥȼóľǻݵ顭˵ˣˣĶ̨ͨϵʱҺúչ㣬߾ʣһֵˣҲ˭㣿
ַ֣ʤ֣֪֣ʤ£Ϊ˳ȫֵ֮ŰԼġ
Լ֣ʤĶֵĩ߹ķַ꣬۾ʱʪˡ


349  ݵķ
˾
ݳǾ˾ڵͷ˼ĸٽкһ˵ǲˣ
Ͻ˾

ãüͷĸˣԴͶȷʾ¡
ı̬аŭ봦࣬뵽ǳеļȨϽ֮һеŭѹȥ
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һûƨһͽкܲʣ˵˵Ҫ𣿡
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ݿˣڴ˷˳һĶ⣬ĺ̨̻Ļ˵ջ÷˳ʹݷˡ
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ĺַ̨ĻǾ鷳ˡ
ַһ򹻺ݹ֪Լ±ڶݣ˵һ̾ͻɱݳǣݾи߹ȫնɱ
಻ǣַ
ĩû飬˵ַڻĸصӰӳɱɱӰӳۻ굤Ӱӳ޷ӦҲַ㡣
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ڵ֪˴ӷ˳ǳԱ֮ŸϽȰ˵ȰԺˡ
⣬ȻףȻͬˣ࿪֮ǰ˵ϽΪģǾͲҪ˵ˡ
ҲЩðҲΪ˶ݳǵĳԶ棬벻ȴֿ˵
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һ˵ֻǱѣ˭֮ʵ䣬ɥʬ಻𣬾ûκжҲԺ󲻻࡭밵׵ˣȫĹУˣȻûʲô˵ġ
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Ҳ£˼ҷ˳ûõĹѪȥһ֮ݺңҲǻݻ飬ʲô£
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˭ףһųΪʲô˹ִ
Ľһֱʹùֶμŭ˳ǵĻֻ֮类նɱˡ
֪ǽͨˣͲһˣЩȴֱ˵
˾֪빫ıɣ
ǲ˵ԼǷ˳𣿡
µĵ£Ҳ빫ĺ̨һַ̻Ѳ˹ϵǸ۵˸ַݣ˾ʲôĺ
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Цڰʾңַ̨ܺɣĺַ̨ϴʴ壬ȴ飬ַ㰵аѪ֮ǵĻ˾㽫鹫ڣʱַȫĹУ˺Ĺ󣬶άĴӢۡ
Ƿ֮ɫӢõġ
ĩַΣ֮УȺ֮ǵĲ֪˶ٳѪսַеɥʬǿǿı޲Ų˻սĳƺš
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Ȼ᲻Щ£ΪʲôҪִ빫ᣬ⼤ŭ˳ǣѵͲַɱ붨ݣҪС
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ʵˣҪԸַ˶ˣַȴֵĻš
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Ҫ˵ҲţľٶȴѵΧһͷ¿ֵʱ߻Դ˼
˾ֻ㣬ϣ㲻ҪΪԼѶʮء
빫Ļ᳤ַĻĻļ飬˵ö֮İ࣬ʱȫ˶ŽַˣʱĲңַ㣬ǽ¶αӵĴӢۡ
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磬ַ֣ʤ˶ݳǣҵ˺
һʼûϳַ㣬ֱַ㿪˵ηѡ
ַ㣬֣ʤ˵òѾȥ˺ܴĲͬͶˣҲֻ֪ҪﵽһĵزŤϵκһͷıԼģ
Ȼַ㣬֣ʤﵽֵز
ַ֮ԲԱ沿ˣҲΪ밵֮⣬һȷΪĵܡ
˼ԼҲҪΪ˳һ£Уַ˳Ǳ޷ָ
۵ݲ£⼸ļȫĵ˷ԵĻͿ԰Ƶڵϡ
֣ʤ˽ַΪˣΣģΣȫԹ޻ڵ֧ȴδ롣
ֱַʵʲô
ǲûн붨ݳǣֻ·ݳϽʱ򣬱㱻ݳǵʿΧסǰңһ֯ԺΪǲû붨ݳǵӲƴ˳
˵ݳǵʿǵʱɵýЦ
֪˼򵥣û붨ݳǵ˱ĳͻǹսǱⲻ˵ˡ
һסȥ·ȫǵŮʺˣݳǵΪǣһʮֵľʡ
һѾŮһۣѾͷԽԽˣʣòĶһչ
ѹַ粽ĴȻҲıԼòȻʧˣѾͷò˶þҪַ󹬡
漴˵ڲ飬ӪЩϲַ֪ǱĴ󵱼ңȻ˵ʲô
ͨԱȴַ֪ݣǶ밵밵֮ױϲȴҲʮֲڲҲΣ
빫ַжǿĵˣܴⲿ룬ڲ£ڲ᲻˵ˡ
Щ˵ʱַ˵ͷ
ڲԱ֮䷴Щ£Ҳ֮УϾ̫ɥʬ֣֮ĻԱǣжвɥʬУɥʬ򽻵Ҳѹлеִ
ַ㵭˵ı׼ĸ屶еĻߣ֮±·򣬶ڲԸʰЩĻԱֱӽǴˣ֮ǿκԼϲ顣
µĽȻַ̫ȴԱĴľڣĸϣ֮Ƕвٹ֯ûһ빫ĸ
ҲѪļ۸йأɱ֮ʱѪˮһ㶼ˣҲû˻
ڻϣ֮ڣ޵Ѫˮļ۸ΪҲǵڰ׼ٸǮͻ㡣
ַȻ޵Ѫˮչļߣһ棬Ҳ࣬һ棬ҲΪ̧߽żֹ߼롣
ַЩ۸ߵѪ֮ǣԴĲȡе󣬾ĩǰľ붾Ʒ
ַ㵱ȻⱾ飬飬һҪϳˮʹð֮ڲ£ߣԼҲԴзƣѪļ۸Ŷúܸߡ
Ϊ㹻ĲƸеԱĸôࡣ
ͷȻǸ⣬ԱĸһƶҪҪһЩж֮еִ
񽫸࣬µһἷͷ­
Щ˶ЩгɼǺã㲻Ը뿪µеǣȱһ
ֱַ˵ȥһ£Ҫ붨ݳ︺µĽ棬ôҽ¡
ãȥţ
һ˿˷֮ɫԼĴҪˣԺĶݳǣϣҪ̫ѪȲźã


350  ۵Ľ
ȥ󲻾ãһٽľַǰ
ٵְλȻߣ˵֮ʱȴһֺģ
ַ㰵ЦݳһССٽڼӣҲѹضݳ¶ϲװǻˡ
һĳڷ˳ǵʱʵȨϽƽʱֵͼ٣
Ҳַƹ֮ƢС˵ԭɣҲûгԷٽַȻԸСϻֱҪݳǵľ˾
ٽϹŲм֮ɫΪַһͶѵˣҲݳǵľ˾Щ쿪ˡ
ûае뷨˵ֻ˵гţϽȫȨ
֣ʤһ˿ɫٽĻȻڰʾַûмݳ˾ʸ֣ʤһ˵ǵţ
ǵţϽšʱһţϽʲôʱ㣬ҾͲұ֤ˡ
ַ㶴飬ٽ˵⻰Լߡ
ٽԼǸˣˣЩȨһȺҲûʲô֮ͬ󣬾Ҫ˹ЩȨǳԺȵġ
ᣬȻŹһĻᡣ
ַû˵ӻͳһݺҵݸϽĮ˵ǰ·ҪȥǵţϽ
ַ˵ʱĮ벻м·һʵѯһĵؤʱеķб顣
ٽдŭַ˵Ʒ˼ѵΪԼڽǮǰû
ַкݺңٽһĸղŵʢˣһЦ˵úáھʹ·
ٽһһ㣬Щ˵湻ʵģһݺңһɣüͷûһ±óˡ
ֲ˾ǵ⣬ǹһȺϾˮԼҪһβУ
֣ʤЦַʲôˣ˾ȻַߣһֻôĶַ֪ǿԱռ˵ռ˱˻ࣿ
ţʱַ˵Ҳʲôţ˵Ѫǵ뿪ҿһ
ԽкãԼĴȻһ˵˰ԷܾأţʶĻҪˡ
ַٽ΢΢һû뵽ַ˰ԵǰţǾߣǿļʵɽ֮һ
ԸǼΪãܶнᱻʹһ٣˾кܺ˸Ҷײ
벻ַһƢţϽ˵ǾҲţ˵˼
ֳȻţٽһ뿪
ַһ֣ٽ˵뿪ղҽܵݺȴҪң
ܣ֣ٽһѪ
лߵ˶ˣոͳȥҪûΪ֮Ļ᳤ô˲£ͳȥĶҪأ
һĴ۾侮ʯ˵رղˣΪҵ֡Ǯ㣬лߣʵȴҴװˣŽţɲҪˣ
֣ʤ⡣
ⱾĶ޵Ŀͷ񱻱ľګ֣ʤ˵δԵЩ֮ࡣ
֣ʤĳ£ٽҲַ˼ԭַͳĻջȥ
Ǯƣַ֣ղҪµţϽԼҲȷˡ
һţϽ棬ҪûظղŵĻô޳ܵˡ
ٽҧǿһݺѽԼĩлʮˣһʾ޿ȻԼĿڴлȥĵ
ʲôݺϱңҲ֪˵ʲô
Цݺϱңó㲻ˣؿڵĿڴ߸߹ĳʲô
ٽַĻתҪ뿪
ַͻȻ֣һӶסٽĺȻٽʮ㣬ַʮǰȴûһ㻹ֵء
ַЦΪΪʳ˵Ĵž̰ûбµˡ
ٽ¶ԹɫˣȻַһľǣȴΪַҶ֡
ǶݳǣǶݳٽҶԼһͷȫݳǵ˱˺
ȻݳϽܶ࣬ɱһҲûʲô˵ģַһˣɱԼڶݳеϺݺݴһ⡣
˵ţϽһԿأַɱԼţϽôŹϧڱַס˺Ҫַƿڴȴ
ס֣
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˵ĵôô󣬸ڶݳɱеĽѵ֪Ƕȫǵս
Լһ²˺ͷˣƺͷ࣬ȫҲδмôƫƫԼأ
Լ治ͷĽа壬ҪԼͬھѽ
ٽȥ֮󣬿еѪˮ䵽ֱַϣϵıǼΪ
ַ㵹ûһ˿飬һִֻٽؿóղŵݸһݺҡ
ַ㿴һۣݺңһŲ࣬һҲ١
ٽûȺлصԼϣһּ䣬ٽһ䵽˵ϡ
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ţϽַ㵭˵ɱˡ
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֪Ƕݳǻ޼ɵѵ֪ڳɱһҪڽ̼Ͻ𣿡
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ΣΪ˭
ţϽҲ;ܾͬʱЦǱЦģڶݳڣȻ˸вһȨϽδЩ̫˼ˡ
ղɱ˳һٽԼûгֵ˵ҪŹԼ˲ˣĲᡣ
ԭ㲻֪˭֮Ĵ󵱼ңҽ㣬ҵ˶ҳۣҲƺң֪˭𣿡
ǰˣλţϽһһٵ˵ޣۣ㻹ԼʵˣǸӡ
ǲǲӦҵҪ󣿡
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ոտڣ˵Դ߸߷˳ȥ
ţϽչļһ㾪Ѿʣû۾ֻаеľõˡ
ǲȶԷĵȶԷַ֣ûжݳݵţԴƤ˳ȥ
ݳǵļǳλţֵѾﵽʮ㡣
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۾ͻȻģи񽣵Ӱӣڶ֮£սж۷ﵽڵˮƽ
Ӵս˵ĿǰѾͮˣսѾﵽ˿ϲĵز
ղȻûпֵַġ
ַղŲûж룬ָ䵯һ޵ķУɱһʮǿߡ
ƣѾﵽ˰ʮ㣬ַ㻹Ҫ㣬ȴɵɱʮǿߡ
ղֵַʱиһղŶվŵһʮ㣬ַ㲢ǿߣַҲһ׾ٵĽԷնɱ
ַ¶һ˿Ц⡣
սһֱ弶ڵˮƽȻĿǰȫ࣬ɥʬ֮УﵽսļĶûУܹﵽս弶ڵֻһˣȻܲ⡣
ڳֵʱһȻͻ弶۷սѾսֻһ֮ң
弶۷ĸ߳ս£еͷγεɱڱзһľ
ַбеɱƬ֮䣬ɱͬһǿߡ
һַ̣֪ԼûнֻҪнԽɱԷʱһԼﲻľ硣
ַеٴ֪ԼԽ˺ܶණ
۾ɵôģ˫۾·˵һ㣬־ȣֹĿǰһС
ַкЦ˵סҲûʲôֻҪϿһ죬Ҳܴﵽڵˮƽ


351  ʥŮ
˾ȻɱţϽ
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ʲôɱţϽʲô
˵빫Է˳ǣսҲڷ˳ǣɱţϽǲ
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ս˾ҲڵһʱõϢɵ쳤̾λţϽȻҲ˶٣ȴɱ
ӦжôĿֲ˵ֳļûп֣ţϽԴѾɵ˰ա
Ȼûַ֣ڱ۾ʱԺȴĸֳһַţϽսʱĻ档
ս˾ûпʼһбȻţϽԴ߸߷Ĺ˳ȥսĻݳڵһԱȥˣ಻ɵó̾һ
ţϵܵƢȻãȴҶݳǵһԱ罫ޣɥʬսоʹûȴˡ
һн̲ס˵ţҲһúȴ޳ܵ˸նɱˣһҪţ𣿡
ĿԼõĽһһɨĳ˵ţĲۡ
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һʧе۱ǻսַˣ֮Ҳַֻ˲ɱţ
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һ˵Ļǲַ㣬ҲҪƴˣǾһħͬһƬ¡
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ĩַϵɥʬ޶಻ࣿ
ٽ׷׵ͷ˵ַΪս񣬻ľڷĴսһսҲûս˵Ӱӣַϵɥʬ޼Ҳмʮ˰ɣ²ַ˻밵繴ᡣ
Ҳţ᳤ַĻֲò¡
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۵ĻǼҲ֪ݣٻ֮Դ˳Ƿȷûвɱ˵֮ǲ֮Χ࣬ڰߡ
ĻһȻԭһ£ҿսıߴ䰵֮Ҳ˵ǵսôȫ飬һĻ
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ַ˵ȷΪ˺ܶ飬˾ϺһκοвˣǺɱַ֮ɱٽţҲΪ˽붨ݳеˣҪΪУҪȻţǰ֮
ǧҪַ㵱ʥˣ뱱ǵң¥־³ɣַ˵ҲãɥʬҲգֻҪв棬ͻɱԷ
սҹܲţǵһսκҲַ㡭־ˣǾͻףַΪԼֵܹĻȥǲϧ߱Ѫɺӵġ
ķеĽǶ˵ͷַЩЩ£ȻַΪȫ¹󹦣Щͼıˣȴû顣
ַɱţϽ֮ʱԥѪֶΣЩǾַ֪κ飬˾ȼ֮ǰԼ
еĽǻ벻ףַѪ᲻֪ΪʲôȻַأ
·˳ǵ̻ʩѹѵַ㴳ָӲϵնɱ

һУɫ࣬мʮʮĽߣЩҲڶݳĸ
Ķ棬վһһװŮ
Ůɴ棬ݣ۵Լȹ°ʵĴȣչʾŮһ˾ɫ΢΢¶ϸۼ֪ŮΪᡣ
ŮĴ۾ԣκο˫۾ˣᱻ˫޵۾ԣŮıվʮĺˡ
ʮˣȻһĴڡ
ŵţϽʬ˵ʥŮˣҪˣҪȻַǸ˵һ̣ܵ˾ɱߵ˵ģʥŮҲַ֪˳Ǳ޳϶ֻǱ˾ΪʥŮ֮빫ˡ
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֪ݳǵ̰һŮǰ¶ųǽü΢塣
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һ˴ʥŮˣ¸ղϸţƣǱԷеľɵ⽣նµͷ­
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ŮȻ޶ˣ̫⣬ʹΧûһ˸ĿŵĴɴֵƯףԼ˫˵޳ȡ
ֻΪĳеʥŮ
ŮȻ˵ǵеƻַӦûûͻư㣬еٶʱȴѾﵽ˻ȻɵĵزֻǿߣҲʹǾķСѵַĩд꣬սϳЩ˰ĥµǿ𣿡
Ůַ˸ߵۣЩǿҲһٴеģɫѿˡ
һ˽ӿڵַﵽ˰㣬ҲµϣֻҪһͿԳͻƣֻа˾ʮ㣬ȴȴԸ߳սֲĲ㣬ʹһǿ߻ѿֲʵ֪ԪΪʲôǿĹ̥
Ůһ˵ʲô̥ҲܣֻҪ𣿡
ʥŮģôֵܣڰ֮ϣַٹٲ˼飬ֻҪֵһ֣Ҳܽҷ𡭡


352  ɱ
ۣţ
ɱ˵Ĺ֣б¸ҹ
ɱ˳ǷծǮ
Ƕϣ֮ǵҲǺǵġ
ϴŷ߷֮ɫַɱţϽŭ˳һѪ꣬ЩУЩԳսʿЩǳĽǶԼͬ빫Աڵסơ
ĳԱ棬ֻмһַ֪ʵݣЩ˶ǻӪˣָǣй¶ַݡ
ַ֪ʵݵսʿȻᵣʲôڼɣֲй¶ַʵݣַ֪ݵ
˹о󲿷ˣϣ֮ǵľսʿǵϲ¶˾֮ɫ
κҵ֯ҪԺΪ뵱Ȼ⡣
ַȴϵ˳һԲϱɱ˳елһǶݳȨϽˣ˶ݳǴľսʿ
ԱеĳԱϾ¶˾֮ɫַȴһ̩֮ȻģսʿٵĽûñֳһ㾪ţҲûзŭ
Ĵ۾ɵøˣʽ顣
֣ʤЩ̲סˣҪ˵ССĶݳǣ㱱Щްϣ֮ǣҲû˸Ҷ˵
磬ȥЩˣ
ˣԼȥ
ַԳԺȥϵͻȻ˼֡
СűƿΧļսʿͬһȺʧѼȺ׷׺ˣˣȻ̫˽⣬ۿɱţϽЩֶΣһԺ߳ԶԶ˿
һͲ̫ǿ׳еߣֻжʮ˳˲ųһ
Ҫ˵ǲǲܵģǶݳǣǶǵĶݳǿߣĽɱΪάݳǵϣҲҪѵַ㡣
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ڴϣȺ˵ĳ᳤ҵĹӸ磬ĳеĶ档
һսʿȭͷ˵ǲ㣬Ǹɱֽгһɱˡ
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ĩУɱ˾Է˯һƽַʳ仰֮ЩвԾԼеͬ飬һĬ
ʱزʶΪһͷ޵ʬ֣ʱһЩҰʱϮɱزʶˣѶԷϵĲƸΪУҲǺ顣
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ַ˵ģʵһĩУȭͷԶȵЧľڣ֮ԾηԼԼΪս񣬺̶ܴΪԼ㹻ǿҪѹƺܶˣΪԼ
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ǻȥɡ
磬һô
ʲôҲݳ˻ǵģˮ͡
ַεĽУţϽĶƬ֮иһĻ棬һзĲš
ĵĺŮ˰죬ߵһ˵ôַˣ
ַȻֻаʮ򣬵սȴٴﵽ弶ﵽ弶۷塣
ŮͻȻһ˵Ǽ磬ǿ߶в٣ܹսϴﵽ弶۷ȴûмַսôĥأ
һϹйأʥŮõģһҪ뷢ӳԼǿսȱһɣսûͻưôǿߣɱһ˲ʲô¡
ص̫ˣսִﵽ弶۷壬ǲɱĻһɳʱԸˡ
ŮŤ֫һеת˿ɫһ˵˾㰲һ£ַ뵽˾˵Ҫ̸ѺѪһ¡
ʥŮһ磬ֲַɵôأ
ģһģ̰һŹġ


353  Ů
һɢſֲϢĺվַǰȥ˾ȥѪһ¡
ַͷֱӦŵ
֣ʤ¶˲˼ı顣
ϵѾͻ˰㣬ĿǰУܹʹԼͻư˼ûУ벻ССĶݳǾȻһһǿߡ
˵ķװȻǳĽ֣ʤ²ȥȻ벻ϻǿߵܹͻư㡣
ַһϤϢӰӳЩڶ̫ǿϵϢ
ѾҶ϶ĿǰУǲʹԼıͻưģǰ˾㲻ӰӳǵˣҲһ֮ǿǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ݳǵʱַ˽˵ϣС£ǵˣҿԼѪȻǱ֧֡
˵֧ˣǰмΪеĹϵԼȥ̸Ѫһ£Ȼս˾˺磬ԼȥͶ
ò˵³Ůµĺ׼ַҲûӦַҪȥᣬȻǵʲãҪַһȥ
ַԴ£е
Ϊ˳ȫԼҲܽ˸ԼַиǵģָӴ֮Уֻһǿߡ
ǿǰ֣ʤﲻԼԼҪչǡ
˵ԷǿߵĻԼܴܲùԷ˵ǣԼʱҪܶ
ַߵʱ͵͵֣ʤеһߣĸԼϻزĻͻΧʵ޷ͻΧĻ˱ͻΧ
֣ʤһ˽ַ㣬κ£Լֵܡ
һΣȻԼͷͻΧѵƵΣյֵزòĴ
ַ̾һԷжǿߵĻԼȥܻܲһδ֪һԼ⣬һ֮ԱûͻΧġ
֣ʤȴǻľǿսʿԼһĻᣬ˵˻ƽ뿪
ǶݳǸأҪȫͻΧȴǲܵģԼⳡ̸ռȻۣԼȴҪȸǰź·
֣ʤĬһᣬַòȥ˾һͻΧһսҲҡ
ַҡҡͷͨ˳򰵺֮ǵͨϣ֮˵ʲôҲƲȥıؾ֮·ԼͻΧĻɹϣҲûУȴܲġ
һҪȥ˾ܹ˵ʲô
֪ɽлƫɽУַ㣬иǲŶԷܹɱԼԼȥ˾ǩ֮ˣҪɵĿꡣ
˿ѾƼݾָӲŮҲڵַĵиǸȷַһġ
ԼһǿߣµԼϻкܶǿߣַȻ
֪ΪΪ֮ŮҲ׼ַԸ񣬲ŲǰܣȻŮ֮ǰûַ棬ȴַĩ¼ΪԼ˽ַ㡣
ʱ˽Էģĵˣ֪㷢ûУ
ַһƽָ߽Ӳʱߵʮ˽аַɼΡ
ַֻһˣ֮Уȴۼõǿߣֲǣ֮ʥŮߣʮǿߣַȻҶ˵ĵӾʱɵģΪʲô
ַ㲢ûаʮֻҪԸ⣬Ƭ֮䣬Խʮն࣬ʮǿߣоͲұ뷨ˡ
¿ϵ۽Ųʮ㣬Ըһǿ߶ѣҪ˵ʮ֮ࡣ
ַ֮ǰԼĴǾǶԷǿߣԼͬʱǿߵĻЩ鷳
ĩ꣬ǿ߱ĩǰĴè٣״ĻӦòǺܴ
ַԤƣԷǿ߾ͲˣԷǿߵĻֻҪԼȫҲǲõĻ˵ԼԳʤ
Ȼַ֣ԷһӳʮһǿߣǴϡ
ڶԷʮĺǿߵע֮£ַдӵһΣԼͷβԤϴˡ
ʲôʱǿ߱ͬײһ࣬ʼһһĳˣˣַҲֻӲͷƤǶӣ֮ߡ
ַΪԼʲôصĴӢۣԼ򲻹ԷӣҲûʲô˵ġ
ԷһӳʮһĸǿߣԼҪնɱеһѣԼΧһܹͻΧ𣬾ԼͻΧݳǵĵ·Ҳͨˡ
ַıĿ⣬һϣϣʱпܵڵء
ˣĩɱħɱħսַѽ
¥ϣ֮ǵ־񷣬򣬾⼸ʮϣ֮Ƕ£ıϣ֮ǣɷַ㳪̨Ϸһһǹ
۴ķ˵ݳǶ¥Ტۣ֣ϣ֮ǣֻҪַܹ˵صĻԼԺʳѰˡ
㡭֮ʥŮӻԼȴܳפݳǣˣԼʱô죬뵽Щͷϼ亹
˻ӵĿУַ㽫˫ִȻ㲻ǽѪһѾˣô˵
Ůַʱһ˿ʣԵ֮ɫȻǰַĿϵıȴα
ʮǿ߻֮£һֹֻͣ඼ٻ߼٣ַȻһĵ
ϧŮַ֪ǼװҲѾҳһ࣬Ϊˣ˵αװϷ¾ûеڶ˿Գ
ַαװĺܺãӮŮ𾴣װκʱ򶼲ǶģЩʱ򣬻ʮҪá
˺ŮһۣҪŮԼ˵仰ǺŮûκαʾ
ֻиЦһ˵±ǻսַ㣬⻰˵ûɣ˴ΪʲôĿʾأ
ַ㽫ԼһᣬϵĹͷ¸λòҲָԭ
ַ㣬ղŵģ˧˼֣ݳǵĽЩˣǰǾûмַ㣬ȴҲ˵ַĴ
һ벻ַӢһˣԷ˧ûһ覴ãü͸һ˲ұӵȻ֮ĺڷƮ˵⡣
Ů۾ˣû뵽ԪУȻ˺ÿˣȻɴ棬˫ȴ¶˻Ĺâ
δַ֮ǰŮֻ벻ϧһдɱַ㣬ַ֮޷Ӣɱ⡣
ŮƳ̾һԼշַ㣬ԼߵĻ˵ҪһɱõĺôҪ࣬һ룬ŮıͻȻ
ò˵ַſһģŮɱ
Ȼַ㣬Щǿǣе
ַ㣬ȥΪ˺ܶ£ҲĴӢۣȴ밵֮໥ᣬЩɥʬǵѪøǿԺ֪ж޹Щɥʬϣһжɵġ
˰죬Ÿַ
ַЦһԷ˵˵ҹᰵ֮ǣʲôЩ˺֮ǿ߰ɣ˵вֻЩɥʬҪö࣬Ȼǹɱ࣬˲ŻỪİ࣬ʱգ㻵ϻȥ𣿡
аԱַָȫĵˣʹԼվڵµƸߵϡ
ַ㷴ָ֮ǿ߹ᣬƵ˻˵ϯϣַղŵһ仰ǰҪɱ
ȻҲЩ֮˺ȴﻢ˳ĻǰĺŮַǲ
µֻг׵֮¶һ˿΢Ц˵ַ㣬ɱ˾ҲԼܲȻЩɱЩ֮ǿʥŮ𣿡
ַ㿴ŮһۣԭŮ֮ʥŮŮ֮ʸż磬¥ϣ֮ǵ˾ĪƷеһȡ
ºȹ¶˫ȣĿ벻֮лƯŮַڿŮʱ򣬷ŮĿ
ΪѹԷַĿ䵽Ů͹ز뾧ӨĴϣ¶һɫԵģ
ϧַ˳ȻѧҲѧĶͬѧĿ⡣
ַע֮£Ůϲû¶ɬı飬Ц
벻Ůַˡ
ֻüĿ䵽ϣвĿ˵ô˱㣬Ҳɱ㣬˺ԣ֮ղʱʱ̿߰ɣֻҪһߣʱұʱȡŲţ
һȻԼһǿ׳ַȴ¶˴ùʹ򣬴򲻹ӵ˼δⲻսݡ
ַ˵ĻĪֻ֣Լ˯֮жпܱɱ
ʾµţϽԴ߸߷ԼţϽĶӻΪһĻ棬Ҳ޷ָղŵļǿɫ԰ףȵĿԶĺŮ


354  սҲ
ַɣ˾ʮ弶۷սҲֻгۣ֮ǿǰֻһЦѡ
ǰŮɴһֵףƽûа֬С⻬ҡ֮䣬¶˺ȹ˫޳ȡ
ַǰ˼˵֮ʥŮ
ֻ֮½һȽӴ֯ʥŮȴ֮½ʥŮ
ŮԵʮǿһ۾ǷǳλСƢ
֮У˵ʱҲûôõƢַҲֻʣ˵ϸСƢǲЩõĹͷ
Щ˲֪ǣǵĴСҲһŮˣŮ˾Ů˵
ַҲòϣԼƯףȷеŮ˵ɱ˲ŲǰŮĺøС
ַĿݺݶŮ°˵ð׵ȣһ۶һܡ
⻰һڣ̲סˤһǰѲˮԼԴϣкüڵأ׻
Ϊսַ㣬Ȼ˵Ļ봫˵ǸΪεĴӢҲ̫ˣԭַӢ£һ޵ġ
ʮ˸ǵĴС㣬֮ҲǸ߸ӵĴڣһ㷲ӿһۣǵĸ
Ԫ֮ʥŮȻŮǺܰ׺ѵҾͶ֪ˣ˵֮ˡ
㡭벻Ӣ£һģ㲻䱻л˾Ϊվ񣿡
ַǰ˼ղŵĻ̫ˣŮЩǿڷŭУȻûзַһŮ
ַֻ˵УսӦôһģʳ˼𣬸߸ϣƯŮĿбӣǸë»һ
Ů΢΢һҲԼǶַڴ̫ˣŶԶԷ˵ЩеԽܡ
Ȼַ㳤ƯαϾһˣ˾˵ԼҲ۹⣬ǡܰѻ˵ײɣ
ַԼҲ¶ǵĻҫԼȺÿҪ˵֮򣬾Ԫ˵İŮȰƯҲһּòΪѵַûʣϧĳˡ
ַҲа̾ǰĺŮȻƯԼҲɫ˵ĩַϵƯŮȥˡ
̻ĪƷƣСͮĸһƷеļƷַǰڳһٵѧӵģЩĽŮаޣ顣
ǰŮȻַκһƯŮַҲһ֮£˵˵ǳ֮⣬ûзΪʤİ취
ֻҪŮһ£ַǿϼҲᱻʮ˴࣬סŮԷͶ֮£ŲҰԼôԼеŮΪʤ
ַſԵκŮһ㣬ȻʹмƣһԼҲų⣬ȴް취
취סŮ֮ļԱȫڶݳ֣ʤܲͻΧҲ˵
һԼ˶ݳǣݺݴ˳еľƣʹϵķ˳뼫ȵΣ֮С
ַȻƯαȴǻƿһűȾ˶Ҫǿģ˷֮ĻԱݳǣֻ֮ǿǵĵһ塣
ǵĵڶ취ɱԼԼˣ֮˻Լһᰵ֮ǵĴñӣ˳ǡ
ԼĻ۶ݳԼϣ֮ǵ˾ǵĻе֤ٳҲûá
ַˣϣ֮˵϶ݳǣһԼνǽƾԼһ˳˵Ϊ֮ǿǹһĿꡣ
ڵڶ̫͵ǿǰ̻Ƕһַž뾡һа취Ϊʤ
ǰŮƺԼкøУһӶԷԼĿͿԿַһԸŮ
ڱôԼǱ˵顣
ַû˵ԼһֱˣΪ˻ȥĻΥԭҲ˵óó
ַ֪ԼˣΪŻ᲻ֶεĻȥ
һѾһԹһȣȥμʲôսԼȥһ߻С֪̻Լų
Լˣеֻ¶ٱҵĽ֣žŮԼĺøסԷ
ŮȻƤܱǰһ˾ģַžһΣŮĻҵʱƶԷ
ַĿŮ˵ַһˣҿ۵Ůٴ׵ĻҲ˵ĳ֪Ů˶ϲ˵Ҳ⣬㲻ϵָңǲǴкϲأ
㡭սȻ˵ҿɫһȻҳƺԼս񡭡
ҶףΪòҵķ˱ˣֻҪ˵׵Ļһϡ˵
ŮַûƤû޳ģĲᣬΪַ˺ۣܿ˲Žַܲ⸱
ӵһƯ׵ȴŮ¶εʧı顣
ַһ˵һ߳Ů֪ߵŮʮңЩǱַһ̬ģסˣЩΪַǵĴСĻŭûע⵽ַ𲽱ƽŮ
ͻȻַ㿪ϵ۽Ů
Ȼַ㿪ϵ۽ǽ˾ʮ㣬ٶȣʹһâֱŮȥ


355  Ծķ²

ĺͬʱַ㣬Իȭͷַ㣬һٶֻҪַ㣬Ȼشɱ
ֱʱЩǲ׽ַΪʲôһ̬˵Щ޳ܵĻ֮ͥ˵Щսݣκǿߵݡ
һ£еܵˣҲڴ֮ͥ˵˲ݵĻΪĵһ˵ַ㣬Ӧ˵Ļ
ԭ½ǰַղ˵ȫ⼤ŭŮԼЩˣŮȺڷŭʧȥжԵʱӽǡ
ò˵ַһֵȷЧֱַҪ嵽ŮǰʱȺ˲ŷӦ
Ȼ³ףȺ˱Ͼ㣬֮ǿߣ˻ҵ˳ֵĻᣬֱȭַ㡣
ַ֪˿Լ˿ԥҪȻԼһ

ַͬʱӲһȭ֮ȻٶȲֱŮȥ
Ů֮¶һ˿ɫȻҪǿַ㣬һʮҲ̫Ĳࡣ
ַռٶϵƣȵŮַѾ˵ǰ
ʮһ£˶вַ˵ٶ֮죬ս֮ߣȴûһַܹ㣬ַ㷢ӰȥٵʲôУŮҲǰԵ
ֻ֪Ҫַ⣬Լʱᱻַиһ⣬ľ룬Ůһ޷ӳ
Ůû˿ԥһȭַ㣬ٶ֮죬ַȻ˶١
ַҲһ˿Ů֮УȴûϵŮսҲﵽļ۷ļ
ŮսԼ弶۷սҲǽһѣڱղֵַˣҪһ
ַ΢΢һܹ࣬Ůȭͷ̽צסŮͬʱַЩȫͣ˽Ų
ŮַסֻҪַԸ⣬ڵľͿɵĳŮڣŮһ㣬Щ˵Ȼס
ԼĴСѾַУЩ˹ĺ˲ͣס˽ŲַгһʮǿǰԼûκʤϣġ
Щ׵ĻҶԷԼٶס˺ŮôǿߵƤһ㣬ⲻܲ˵һ漣
ַһѪԼؿȾѪɫղӲĺһȭѾʹڵĽܵصˡ
ٶȣղȫԱܹ˵ļл˿ҪסŮѵöˡ
Ӳ˵һȭ֮ǰУһס˺Ů
ַпѪɫҲЩ԰ףȴʤЦݣԼûϵԼʮһϵǿߵƤӵץסŮץסĻһĴڡ
ղŵַҲյ˼㣬ֻҪղųһĻַ㶼Ṧܴɡ
ַȻһȴ֪ԼĺãҪȻҲһ֮䣬סŮ
ŮַסţźɴԵЩ԰ףиǱҪԼʮڰ£κһ˶ַԼҲһλǿߣսļ۷ǿߣԼȴһ㱻ַסˡ
ȻԼսַҪһЩϵƣҪַһƽȴҲѣһ֮䱻ַסţŮвһ﷭ıС
һеЩǣУŮʮˣȫֲĴڡ
죬ôĸǿߣȴȻûеסַºŮԭڶ̫͵ǿߣַǰҲһȺֽϻ
иǺ֮˺һ£ֻҪַˣԼСҲͲԼˣ֮»ûַܹ׷ɱɺޣڶ̫͵ǿôҲ˷Ͱ
һŭɵ࣬ſǵĴС㣿
ַϾ˵붨ݳǵ˺ϻݺңѵͲˣҲǱ˴˱˴˶ѣڣǿ̸һ½˰ɣ
Ҫôܷˣ
ŮƯĴ۾ͻȻ޵Ŀ⣬ȵǲҪҵ֮ǿߣܱԪвȵģɱңҲκνףǸϽɱ
ʮң㣬֪Ӧǰľ档
ŮȻ˵ùȴҪȻǻص֮ôԼ˽
ַаŭСѾͷ湻ݶģ䵽ԼϣԼԼͬھĿ
һֺŮϣʱŮϵĺɴǧٿɴƮ䵽˵ϣַ¶һ֣Ůɫ԰ˡ
ַǵгһƫĻɴͬʱŮҲᱻˣֶַƫƫղǵУֻǽŮϵĺɴ飬ȴû˵Ůһһ
ŮȻԼϱַķиǧٿ׵Ļˡ
ŮڱʯӣԼµ㣬ûһ˿覴õַ㳤ЦѾͷһƲһΪһ˫ÿĴ벻ģȴʲô˵覴ãŲĿʾˣԭѾͷƯ
ŮַסţоͱҪַĵЦ༥ϲ覴أСԸܵ𣿡
㰮ԼҲ飬Ȼܲţ֮УǵҲˣҾϻͼԺһӣ㶼Ҫźɴˡ
ң
Ů¶˼ȷŭıȻڱַץסȴûһ㵱²Ծԣַа塣
ַȻŮȴܲϲŮҪѵһǰŮ
ַ㱾ݺݵĴŮһ⣬ȿŮ棬ֿԴЩˣʹԼ̸һʼվһΪƸߵϡ
ŮļԼ峺֮ʱַһƱûдȥиǰЦԼȻΪԼһϧˣȻ޷ǰʹֱּķŮ
Ůȴַ޶Ϊ˻ַ˿ʹκֶΣҲ˵Լ˳ɶ𶯣Ϊ˱ڶݳԱܹȥԼҲһҪʹǰŮ
Ůֻоһ΢紵һ㷢Ѿ뿪壬䵽˵ϡ
ͬʱַĻ𣺡Ҳ֮ʲôʥŮʥŮģǰֻҵһ²ѣ㲻ҵжֻȻݣһɱ㡭
ŮʱȻκһŮ˵ԼòԼҪŮַܵ˵ʱıӿһ⡣
и֪ǰΪ˴ﵽĿģʲô鶼ĳģܲԼսݣͷСһ㣬˵ЩΪ޳ܵĻԼòҲ֮С
һ˵ַ㣬ô
ҵҪܼ򵥣ǾǷҵˣҵĻҲſԿǷˡ
ãǴӦ㣬ֻҪܷǵĴС㣬һк
Ⱥ˵ǿļԱЩѪ㲻ʲô붼û룬ӦַҪ
ɫԵúܲȻǶݳǵľ˾⻰Ӧ˵Ŷԣȴûš
Ҳ֪ĩУһжҪʵ˵Щڶ̫͵ĺˣһнݳΪƽصȻѻ𣬵ȴû˵ʲô
ַ֮УҪȴû˼򵥣ַ˵Ͻˣ˿ûжġ
˿ԣҪǰǵĴС㡭
ַͻȻһ˸ϽĿڵãھͷˡ
Ⱥ˵ҪĵȻǴСİȫЩԱûзЩˣֻһȺСˣֻҪַ㲻߾С
ֻҪַſǵĴС㣬ǱһӵϣַնΪַ࣬ǵĴС㣬˵ð֮ϡ
Щ֮ǿ߱ûзŹַĴ㣬˫˺Ƥжַ֮ǣȻûзŹַĴˣ˽ַ
Сʱ֮һĿַ˵ַ㣬˶ݳǷѾȫˣڿԷǵĴС˰ɣ
ַ㲢ûˣͳ˻еż֣ͨʤĺ룬ѯַ֮ȷѾѪ뿪˶ݳǡ
ַ㶣֣ʤ˵Ҫ򰵺֮ǣԼȴҪڶݳǴЩӣǲõԼİȫ
˷˵Ҫַ֮ԱǣԼô࣬ץסŮô˵žͷˡ
˵֣ʤ˸ոǣֻҪԼڷˣЩ˻ɱԼҲɳ߲Զ֣ʤ׷
ַ㵭˵ҵֵܻûԶ˭֪ǻ᲻滨Уȵ˵ɣ
ʮаŭȴ޿κΣ˭ҪǵĴСַأ
һ˵ַ㣬㿴ҲãֵҲѾˣֻҪ˴С㣬ǱһľΪ㣬ԺݳǾҲΪ빫еˡ
ַҲûֱӾܾˣĶ䣬ɵϲأ֮ãЩַҲ֪ġ
鲻ȴǣҸ䣬ǵĴСϢһ£ҵԶˣʱȻǵĴСġ
ŮݺݵĿַһ˵ԭĴַ㲻һСˣһ޳õ޳֮ͽ
ַ֪Ů⻰ָʲôԼ˴ԼĻ뿪˶ݳǣһԼŵԣԼȻûпŮıҪԼȴŮѹŮ˵Լ޳ˡ
Ůô˵ַҲŮ˵һҲѱ˵Ŀ£ŮǾܷţҪȻһһɲ֮˻Ľá
˵С㣬ҲãǸղûҵĻֻ˵ǷҵˣұԿǷ㣬ֻǿǶѣϣһ㡣


356  㲻ֺ
ַҪǵĴС㹲һϢһҪ֮Щ˷ŭˣȻǲļԱȴַһʳԶʡ
ҲѾַǵĴС㵱һ㣬ǧټƵեˮ
Ůַַֻܱǣűߣζ˭˵ҲܲܣǣǲӵģƲԪһ㣬޷ܡ
ŭŭǻûмŭַĵһŮĻǸͳеĺ
ַһװ޺ķ漴ɿŮҲһֱ׽Ů󲻷ţҪȻ˻ΪԼҪԷء
Ϊ˷ֹŮƴƣַһּΪķԼľӿԷڣסŮڵ
Ůǿд߶ڿֲĻͻᱬַҲţŮðűΣǿжڵľ
ŮȻֵףлϧģҪȻڱԼסʱ򣬱ƴһԼˡ
ղڴϣֻҪŮԾһ̣ʮǿһԽԼ˺Ƭ
Ůô߰ı飬ȻϧģҪȻԼҲ޷вˡ
ַ㲢Ůܣڵ֮Ůƶٶȴ½±һͨʿҲǿ˶٣ܵĻԼȫ֮ǰס
ŮˣַҲ£ŮھķһĩڵһСżַھķһַֻһ˾ͨ
ŮˣûԼΪ⿪ڵĽƣҲһˡ
֮ǿٶ࣬Ҳ޷⿪ԼŮϵֽƣ˴ԵݻŮַµĽƵĻֻʹŮһʲôҲˣھ߶ϵķˡ
ַҲһиŮԶϾԷܵͷ
Լģַ¶һ˿Ǹ˵Բ𡣡
ַĻȻû˵ףŮȴˣַǶԸղڴеĻǸַһ䣬ڻľڸǿڱá
ղȴûܵСһ㣬ŮɹҵƷԼĻᣬ񷿼ûˣַҲαװŵģŮǸ
Ůһ˿Թ֮ɫóĿ˵ô˵ҵСȺܰף֫ˣѵھͲƯ𣿡
ʼնƯڴУȴò˵ҪȻұû˷̵Ļᡣ
ֱɵֶסңԷ𣿡
ϣұּۻ۵ˡ
Ů̾Ϣһ˵ǲΪ˻κ£
ҵжҷˣеĻұ붼󲻵ֶζԸ㣬ЩֶβõģΪ˻ȥҲѡ񡣡
ŮʧԭǰֻĺÿʵȴСһ¸ǲֶΡ
ղڴУַĿⲻϵŮĴ޳ϣȴһԱĿȻֶʧַȴ취
֮⣬ûзΪʤĻᣬȻҲΪԼһЩΣΪ˻ȥȴֻнһмȥ
ŮͷǺ£ַһԱĿСʱ˾Ȼһ仰Ҳû˵
ַһʱ䣬֣ʤǶԶˣݳǾųǣҲˡ
ЩȻнػ֣ʤ˵ǿߣȴм֮ĻԱǶ֣֣ʤİȫˣ֣󳬳ַ
ǰΪ֣ʤܹӳȥͲˣǿл£ЩͨԱû̫ϣģ֣ʤȴܡ
ȻֻһлȥϣַȻϣܹȥ֣ʤΪߵ˶뿪ĻĽһ
ַŶ֣ʤ˵ҪܴͻΧʹһͻΧܴͻΧĻǾͻΧ
ֻҪ֮ǿ߲֣֣ʤ˵֣ɱΧϣǺܴģַȴľƷŮȨʹóԱЯѪҡڵĳ˶ݳǡ
Ȼ֣ʤ뿪ݳףȴʸ֮ģʮǲŹģſŮ֮ʱЩ˶Լչʱ̡
ַ˵ǳȥ
Ůû˵վַһߵ˴УŮԼҲ֪ĿǰĴŶԼɡ
ַһɲǼԥھͷŮǼס˸ղŵ뷨
ַҹŮ˳ʮ¶ϲɫһ죬ַֹǵĴСʱС㱻ַռ˱˵ĻԼص֮ʱ֪үӽˡ
ǷŮ·û̫ҲŽ
һ̲ס˵ַ㣬ڿԷǵĴС˰ɣ
ַаЦˣЦɣԼˣҪȻԼôأЩеɱ⣬ֻҪԼǰŷˣűЩ˵Χ֮¡
ˣڻһ㣬ΪԼȫ˲Żˡ
ַٴʳԣЩϷ׷ŭɫԭԪĻսһõļһ
ǺŮΪ⣬ղϢʱַͶ̹йΪ˻ʲôֶζʹó
ַ˵仰֮зΪ⣬ŵԣҲֻԪɵӲŻɣ֮ֵǮıŵԣַҲһ㣬ʼղϷŹԼɣ
һǿѹеŭ˵ַ㣬ҪǷˣǷˣ˵Ҫ˰ȫˣſϷǵĴС㣬ѾԶ붨ݳˣΪʲô㻹ˣ
ѾӦѾȫˣϣҲŵԡ
ַ㵭Цû˵ˣڻʱ鷳Сһ̣Ұȫ֮ǵĴСȻ
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ʮаԺȻַʲôǰŵַʲôȴҪϧ۵ɱַ㣬ΪѾ֮ʥŮʥࡣ
ַŮټۣʮ׷ᣬתۼ䣬˫ѾԶ˶ݳǣַʮȻһľ롣
ַаջȥҹҲ˦ǣַѾһϵ۽˲ͷῪڶεϵ۽
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Уַ㿴˻еĺŮһۣһը˷ΣŮʹһַƴƴ񱼣ϻһǡı飬ƺڸеܡ
˵ʲôʥŮҪЩ˼׷ҡ
Ϊʲô
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Ҳ㣬ҾͣҲͣΪǻһõ𣿡
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ַ˵ҵķ²Ҳֻҵķ²ͷҲԥɱ㣬ûбҪֺҡ
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ַʱŮȻԼķ²ŮĿƺûаԼ£ŮĲ֪أеƣŻԼںأԼסڵľҲˣС
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ַ㰵вãǵ̶ȣֻҪնˣԼŮҪΪΣѵЩ׷ôãʹԴ󷢣ŲǴС
ַһŮСǵĽУʱŮɨߵһ˿㷢նϣַٴ䵽ϵʱѾʮΧС
ղźһַĿŮ˵ǵҿղһҪ


357  
Ů϶ʱ¶һȻóղնһʮ㣬ַһնɱƣ½ַĻó֡
ŮĿЩ˵ղʲô˼
ղų˵˵ûʲôֻ룬֮ʥŮԪɱ˵νʧһ̫͵ֻ½֮ˣΪ˴С㲻ֻһˡ
Ůȷһ£Ǿµͷȷɱ⣬ڵԪ裬ΪŶ֣ⲻһڰˡ
Ů֮ûʲôˣеĻǸŮˣʱȻԭͨɱҵģ񶼱ƵԪˣôŹң
һ˻ӽָŽд˵ЩСֵôãȴҸɱѴС飬Ĳ㡭
ˢ
űָŴĺ˻ûü֣㱻һ̴壬һ˱ŭҲһ˳䲻Ĵ
ַʱЩĿɿڴ벻ǻûԼ֣ɱˣƬ֮䣬䣬ɶǿѽȻˣǣܲڶأ
ַжٲµһЩ£ǰŮ֮ĳǿеʥŮȻ˴ʥŮݣͨЩ˶ԸŮ
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ʷǰ˵ĳƺŮ׵С檱ѵ֮УŮĺ輵ŮŮߵЩԸ
ʣµİ˻ƽַҹŮдĺ˵СԪֵַ֣֮նַ㣬С㱨˳𣿡
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кһǻʲô
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Щ֮Զ붨ݳǲŶ֣ȻΪ˷αװֳ޻ԼһΣԼǿˡ
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ַ㣬Цü黫࣬ȻǶԸСĻߣѵΪһ֪ôܵ𣿡
һʼַȷ뿪֮ʲôԹҲԼ飬˭˭ҲԼ޹ء
ԼһҪȥΪΪΪ˷˳ǣȷԼȥŮвԥһ¡
ŮȫľԼסˣھһͨûκεԼһߣɡ
Ȼ˵ŮЩ˵ľ֮飬Լ°Ļ㲻ЩҵֵĻᡣ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ŮĽǱԼģַȻѪ飬ȱͬģȴ޳ֶܵȥһزɵˡ
磬˶ԷԼĺøס˶ԷַоԼǷŮȻˣԼȱʲôڽ컹ɡ
ãҾ棡
ַ㳤Хһϵ۽Լ˾ʮ㣬Уһı
Ȼַֻоʮ㣬ϵ۽ڷƮձģȻԴΪ׵ĺԳصѹ
һ˵С˸סˣӲѾΪ壬˵


358  ŮҲ
һϬޱȵĽһֿױȵٶȴȻԶڰ֮⣬ǵ⼸մַıѾն˴ؿڡ
Ŀû˻뵽һ֮ƲնĽ
һĽУȻַ۳ķӰȥ٣ɱΣȴҪɵķǿ˺ܶࡣ
ִַս۶ɵķȻأַɱţϽĶӻУϴǿߣȴû̫õЧ
ַսǿȴصķУֻڽⲫʱܷ
ڶݳǾϣַŴʧֲ̬˵ĻŮŮĻ֮ס
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ַͻ˰㣬Ȼַнǰ߰˸ɱ䣬ıֻаʮ㣬㿪ϵ۽Ҳʮ㡣
ֺ֮ʧ֮ǧһȺǿǰַ˷вãеıĽйԷ
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ǵ͸ضڴؿڴ̳һ͸ĿǸ͸ܿ챻Ѫˮ˳ؿ˳
ڴͬʱһַ㣬ַٶ߳սһ˵Դ˾Ѫʬ嵹صʱַͻȻճЦ
Щ˵Сүǿ֮ǿǵСүĽǿʵҲק
СүͷĶרԴĶȥ̹Ŵ½֮仰ַĿͷ
ʱ˿ַ֪ԭһֵܣȻԼôӰ죬һУֻԴԼֵܡ
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ַ㣬ǰС㣬ҳȷֵּۻ۵ȻˣֵܾͷŹ㣬ⲻֵ㣬Ǿڿˡ
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˵ɱŮҪԶַҪĶ࣬ѹסԼַĳޣַ⡣
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ЩףղŻҪ뿪ַ˿ΪʲôҪȻһ˸һˣʣ֮£Ȼɵɱַ㡣
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ԶŮͻȻЦˣϹǰδеԭֻᣬȴһŻȵģھ˵˺ܶԼĻǵȻǳı⡣
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³֮£˱ŮУŮҲ˶ദĽˡ
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ˣҿԲ۸ҵˣϻкܶഴڣͿĨһ£֮ĶԹˡ
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ַһҲԣԷΪŮ£ԼһʲôѵԼԼ𣬾ԣҲԼɣ
£ҾͲƴˡ

ŮԼÿָ쵽ַǰ׵ģһƿɫҩࡣ


359  Ů
ַдŮۻеԵļ֮ʱŮһȻǰûбðŻ˵ķӦ
ַһԺУ߸ϵĵڶ̫еʥŮԼ⸧ȫб⻹ˬԼԺ˵ڶ̫͵ǣЩ˵ʱˡ
Ůҧ˱ݣֻһСᣬŮӦ˹ɫ糣ˡ
ţַͿĨԼҪˣƽûٷƯŮɣ
Ůϵıתɣһķɱһܡ
ַսɱԼԼѻǸǾˣȥԼ¾ΪԼѲҩ࣬һȥַȻˡ
Ѿͷ֮һƬʥŮƴûܹˣ㸺ˣҲƣԼһȴֻڸ֮ԼԼƣѧ˻
Ů˵ַһü˵ǰֻ˲˿ڡ
Ů۾ͻȻɵĺܴȻ۾ȻĴ۾ҪСһЩѾܺˡ
ŮЩ˼˵ǰֻ˲˿ڣԭ㻹Ⱥã
ŮսģַᣬѾͷô뵽ȥˡ
Ů漴ıʾûµģĸѡҿ⣬ŮƯ˻ȺҲ֮С
ŮȻ˵ȴڰ̾
һŮƯ˾ȻֻϲˣֲַȻŮȻҲв٣ȴһҲȢˣԭΪ̬Ⱥá
ַȺй¶ȥĻ֪жٰ˵Ůʹ
Լ߾Ө壬ȫԵκˣַȻĲĸԼͿҩûκ뷨ԭʲô˾ӣΪûⷽ
ֲھԼ˵ԼʱҲûκԽΪڱԼ񱼵ʱҲһ˾ӵģԭڡ
ܵŮЩַȻ֪ŮôģҲаŭһ£ԼƺҲϴˣһʼŮΪԼǸɫߣΪԼǸϲ˵ˡ
ַŮǰѩϺݺݵһǣԱŮԼһ֮𣬿ȴ޷ĶŮ֬֡
˵С㣬Ϊ˶һǽ֦Ҷ֮شûܹˣܹˣҲһȺ˷㣬ҽ壬㲻һҾһĩпͨˣֻԼҽΣߵˣҲ֮໥ҽΣѵΪҵˣ뵽ôԶ𡭡
ַŮһЦعͷַһ˵ַ㣬Ҵˣģ֪㲻ϲ˵ˡ
ַ˵ĻǼ٣Ůжϣַ˵⻰֮ʱðͬŭʨһ㣬Ȼ˺ܴί
Ů϶ԼղŲ´ˣвɥϲҲϧʥŮ֮𣬸ַһ
ַȻŮָС˼Ȼַȴû˵ʲô
Ůһɫ˵ҵЩһʮˣҵѾɱɱеһˣ䲻Ĺ֮£ҲɱеͽȻˣˣһҹʱ䣬ǵҲӦúõĲˣʱ䣬ǱǣʱȻһ
ַŮղŵ˵ǵģǺ׽һЩֻҪɱ㣬ҵңֻҪұʾ⣬Ǳ㲻Ϊңһˡ
㲻˵ҲܲˣΥ˵ԭ𣿡
ȹһΣѾǷʲôˣȻİõȥΥΥ˵ԭûκιϵ
ŮַǸַ֮ʱԼϵĴѾȫˣһ̺۶û£ȻŮԼԵʱҩκԼϵơ
һУַеŭҲˡ
ŮʱƺԼݣַЩ󲻽⣬ԼµĽƣôĿսûб˽أ
ַѯһеʱŮҲû˵ַ׿ĽȻȴƽİ취ַ㽫ոմݳǵʱѾַڵĽơ
ַǣԼ׽ȻԪã֮еͨҲãŮ֮ʥŮȴû̫ôһܣƳԼµĽơ
ַͻȻʵӦ֪Ҫɱ˰ɣ
Ҳµˣ
ҸոڽЮֵݳǵʱ򣬱Ѿ⿪µĽƣʱҺ޲ֻҪҵؿںݺݴһȭ㵱ҲҵҲԽشȴʼûг֣Ȼͻ˵ҳϣŹⱻҽٳֵƬɽУԱ۲ǵķӦ
Ůϲ̵˵ҿ۵ˣ˵ĵҲ²ûгûϮ㣬һǵȷҳصͽһҲĺܿһҲŲ֡
ַ㺹գ벻ԼܻڣΪԼҪΪŮԼ๻ӢŷŹɱԼĻᡣ
ٳŮ֣ʤĻ˵ŮϵĽһҿʹɱ֣ԭúûôĺô
Ȼ֪ߵҪ㣬Ȼ׷ǱðɵվͬһսߵĻѾˣ֪ôһ£
ŮĬһ˵ԭȵԤƣҵһ˳ǣŹװڵ޸֮ģߡ
ȴ´ˣԭҵЩǲһңֻһңʹҵжϳصʧȷһлл㡣
Ůٴγַ΢΢һݣַһսʱգ˵һŮһݣԼҲ֮
ַһʵȻҾһЩ벻ף̣ﲻߴͽ̡
Ů΢΢һַһﵹǲԿˣ˵ʩַȴΪɣԼѯеɻ
˼ȲһӣҲһСˣһͶһлˡ
Ϊʲôֺ°ɣ
ԩ޳ӦòûݳǺҵģǸӤʲôϵ
㡭ҵĸȷһ꣬Скģô֪Ĵأ
ȥӰӳ𣿡
Ůһߴĺװһ˵ԪҪһ½ˡ
Ըꡣ
ַ˫۽Ů·ʱӰᣬַͬѧûֻǲԼڽӽĳ࣬һŵĶŶԷ塣
ַղŵŮϲߵʱ򣬶ǿпԼԼ˫Ů⻬ϸϻû¶һ˿̰ģ
ղǣҪ˵ˡ
ҪӺܶǰ˵ˣҸԪʱĻҲжˣ֮򣬶һˣҸģȴһֱһ꺢ӵģ
ַ˵ͷ֮۲ΣӻΣҪȻҲϹģĩĽ١
ŮЩ˸е˵еֵܽöƲΪǸҵĸҲһۣҵĸҲһе£ƲҲƲˣЩҶҴûһѡ
ҵܺãһЩϲԵĶ͹ȥֵ֮ܽУֻһż˵˵˵һ죬Ϊ֮ˣĽ¡
Ҳһ֮꣬ѡѡ˵֮ѡѡȥ֪ôѡҵĸ硭
ַͻȻڵֺɣ
ҵֵܽУȻܸϲȴ츳һˣҪ˵еֵܽãҵĸ׾ԶҲǵѡ˵ԭڡ
ҵĸΪ䴫֮ҶҸΪҸҶ֮λҸշҲ˳ĳҶϼʥŮпڽΪҶҵ峤
ҳΪڵʥŮ֮ȴ⵽˶̵ĶʼɣΪҶܱΪʥŮӦŮѾʧȥĸ׵ҰӣΪ˶̵ܶƣұҵĴҳȥ桭
ַȫʼĩӿڵ֮ԸɥʬǿߣǡȥɵԪˣµĻһӰӳǵĿȻԪ¡
һûϵͨߵԸңΪˣŮȡңΪҶҵʥŮʵҲѡ
ַȻ벻ףȻǸ̬ϵãΪʲôֱĸ˵һУĸݣֻҪĺһĺҲٴ⡣
ַʵʱŮ¶˿־ı˵Ų֪ҵĸһˣȫҴСˣнȫնɱ뷨
һΣȻ˵֮⣬ҪҶȫɱǸ׶ŹʱұĻſˣþãŴͷ
֮ȴҲûлظҶң֪˶ҪжԸҵĻֻͻὫҶҵɱɸɾ
Ů˵ַеԼڵѪǸ۹ȻıȲǻݵļһֵܽòƲбɱ˵뷨׶Ź
ĳ˴Լ˵ϣҪ˵ˣֲǸϹͬƶĩķ


360  ɱǼ
ĸԪʲô
ҵĸûиҰֻ̫ҪҵԪһӰӳǳϪİžˡ
ϪĪһַȻ⣬Ѿﵽ˾ʮ㣬ڿϵ۽֮ӦÿԴﵽ㡣
ַ˿Ȼûаս¹ϪϪһ̫ǿˣΣԼҲŹ֮Щħǡ
Ϲĩƶ֮һϪǵצǰŮҲ޹ģ֮˶
޹ĻͲԪ
ַһ˿ɱ˵Ҷ֮ƲȻܺƽⲢԺƽҲ´μʱҾͻԥɱ㡣
Ϊʲô˵װͰ͵ģУҲҶҵֽҶ磬ҲԽ硣
Ҷ粻˵ΪʲôΪʲôҪɱңѵΪڶݳǶԸ㣬ʵ˵ԪɢɢģӰӳеĹų˵һʮĻˣҲŴԸģ㲻ϲĻԺӰӳҲˣ
Ҷ˵ȻǶַ㼫кøУҪȻҲòַòһԭǾǰŮƯϴһһеİ
ְСʱͼǸԶҲĸϾֱһеİСϲλ٪׽ҲΪԭ
ˣַ¶ְʱɵãֳԼһ档
ַ飬һ˵ó㲢һˣԪĻ˵ΪҲŹκ֮ˣȻҲ⣬Ϊҵĵˡ
Ҷк˵֪ҶкøУһʱ򣬾ͶкøУҲĵˡڴ֮УΪҿ˵ЩΪ˹ӽ𣬵ȻԸⱻܣĵƣԺҲԸ
ַҲһԭԭͿԼھĴеĿˡ
ҲԼյݳǵʱֻɱԼǵԼűŮ˻Ư֮ʱı⣬ʱڻԼܡ
ַףһʼҶ㿴һУĸԸıԼסֻԼ벻ݳǣ
ַȴΪԼǷŮʲôԼǷʲôһսҲˡ
ַ˵֮˶ԼĵˣԶԪҪȻǾԼĵˡ
ַԶ֮ԪǻģȻ࣬ԼҲֻס
磬ڶݳǾϰһΣƬ֮ҲһΣǷ˵ʵҲˣֻҪԪҵĵˡ
ַһ˵Ǹ粻ԪҲҪڽĳһ죬ɱǵ֮ķҪ
ΪʲôѵΪҵĸҶԸ㣬ҵĸ磬֮ˣҲӰӳɱ֮ĺܶˣҵĸ˶Ը㣬ѵʲô𣿡
ַʮɱ˼Ҳ֮һǰϹ߻ĩĽ٣ĩٵһ̣һ˲߰ʮڣĩ֮ΪӮһԼҪ࣬ɥʬԶɱȥѵ˲𣿡
ַƯЩҶвЩ£ͻȻǰֲַܿͬʱ־֮ĸҲͻȻúİ
Ȼĸ߻ԪĩĽ١
ڶԼ֪Լĸһ̫͵һͷ֮ȷиԼǸԼʲôͲˡ
Ҷ籾ԼϸѪȵ飬ͻȻ뵽ǰһ죬ĸҹɫУЦģ
ʱ۵ӤϹааЦݣиĪĺɣɣֻɾӭ
ʱҶлúֲܿԼĸԴ󷢣Ҷնɱ鲢ûз֮Ҳʲô鶼û
Ҳͽ£ǰҹҶͻȻеϷ䣬ѵ統ǰԵ
ҶһɫģֱһľַĿŮȷʲôҲ֪ԪҲȷΪ˱ܿľĿġ
ַһ˵˵صĻ͸Ͻļ֮ɣңҽԪĵҲڽɱ֮򣬽ǧУΪԪ鱨ѩޡ
Ҷ̧ͷҧű˵ҵĸĻɱҲ˵ʲôǣĲ̫Զˣʮֻ꣬Ҳ
Ҷ⻰ҲǱַ㣬֮ǿ֮кܶǧĴڶĶַ֣ڵһ㣬ٿһֻ꣬Ҳλ̬ĸ硣
Ҷֲַ㣬˵ַֻٿʮҲ۵Ķ֡
ַҲ֪Ҷ粻ԼԼ۵Ļֻ¶ԷһָͷܽԼ˫֮Ҳʵ
Ҫǵ͵һ㣬躹ޣԼ㹻ǿʱȥսۡ
Դַ֪Ҷ۵֮Ҳѹеŭ𣬲˵ĻиҶ粻ԼЩתۡ
ҪȻһ᲻ֶεɱԼԼֻע⣬֪Լ֪Щ֮ƱػɱģʱֻԼϼҲס۵Ĺ
̫ˣŶҶ˵ĻҶ粢ûеİΣ෴ַеģַ޷Ӳĳ뿪Ů
ַ̾һɵѾͷĵزҪȻҲᱻƵԪˣΪʲô۶һطһ壬õĲأ
ͻȻԶһŲ˵
һڸѪһͲˡ
һΣһҪɱַǸˡ
Ѿ£ҪͷҲѾˣֻҪ˻ŷ֮򣬰һиǸħĻЩһеˣʶ˶⵽۵Ѫɱ
ĳ˵ԪĩҲһֲ߻ģԪ⼸ڵ鶼һüͷƹԼǵˣξͬھҲ֮ܽ򡭡
ַһ£ղŲԶ˵ĽŲ˲ӯǼ˵ĺҲϵơ
ǶҶĳƺдС˼ˣҲʾǲɱҶݵľġ
ҶһֱַĻŽɣΪԼĸȻ壬ȴɥĲԼǰЩ¶˵еһĳ
ʲôˣղи˵Ŀ
һǸˣһβܽˡ
Ҷַɽ˹


361  ͬԧ
ǳȥ
ַ֪ɽڿռСԼ˶ɽеĻԷ֮Լĳ·סҪ뿪ˡ
Ѱַһķ
ַĻдһ˿ģҶʱΪЦ˵ͷ
ַ㿴˰̾ѾͷһһЦģȷЩ㲻
ַҶһɽһͬӳ˵ж޵Ŀ⣬ǲûгַҶ磬Ϊ֪ûκʵ塣
ҶҲûӾһͶԹȥƿڴָЩ壬֪ԷҲûã˫Ҫֻһһ
ַĿ䵽Լնֱ۵ĺϣȻźɴͨΣַ㻹һ۰˳
ûκĶϱ۲֪еϵģʹ˶ϱҩ³һµֱۡ
Σֱ۶Ѿܵش޸ˣȴҲﲻǰǿ빥
˶ַǼޣһ֣һնַ㡣
ַû˿ԥ㿪ϵ۽
Ҳ֪ԼʮһЩ˲סĻȻһԼʤЩڶ̫ǿߵΨһ취ֻпϵ۽
ַ㿪ϵ۽֮ͻȻ档
Լϵ۽ֱˣʵǿϵ۽ҲԽԽ˰ٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮ塣
ַ˵ϵ۽ĸҲڼļ˵δһ£ʹԶһԽ״̬
ַôǿУڿϵ۽֮ȴֻʮ޷ռѹԵƣҶҲδܹջʤ
ַް̣֮죬ľ棬ȴѡ
ٶ볬һսַ㻹ʹԼռһλãٴն˵ֱۡ
ųֱڵϵʱ¶ǿҵѪԹ֮ɫŭУһֻȭͷݺݴַؿڡ
һַؿڣַ֮ǰҲ˹ͷѵ
ַа̾ǿ̫ǿ벻Լһ֮󣬻ܽҵķ
ַһѪ³˵ϡ
˵ǰѾһƬѪ죬ҪٴηʱַĳѾȳ֣Դն
һΣַڿȷ֮ҩٶ࣬Ҳ޷˵Դٽˡ
벻ԼֻɵһˣصˣɶԷĸأ
Լܲջʤһеϣֻˡ
Ҳ¶㵼ӷŭı
ַֻоʮȴﵽ˾ʮѵǰʣ˿
ȻַٶȾ̾ѣȴַ֪ȴԼӳ⣬Ԥƣʮϵ۽֮ӦôﵽŶԣԼֻ㣬дʱϵ۽ӵ
ɱ
ڴŭУַ㣬˿̣ҶҲˣȴһ˸
һ춯صɱʼˡ
ַ㣬һ֮ƲȻĺΧ˿̣˵иǴļɵ
Ȼǰûͻưǿߣǳصѹ

ַͻȻЦһս֪Լܲջʤ˫ԱȣԼ˫ͬھѾõĽˡ
Ҳ˽죬ԼˣʱҲû˼ϵԼˣԼǰˣԼиˣֻҲ⸱ص
̻ҲãҲãҲã֣ʤҲãϵԼҲԼ
뱳Ѳѵ޹أһˣǲмԼ֮κ˺ġ
ԼˣԼҲ밵κЭֲȥ
ҲãҲãǻûӰڰеĵλַеĵλһֻܱܱԽ
ڣȫַĽ£ַϴʱҲ֪˶ٽֻȫģϵ߹ǣǲ֪˶ٸ
ƽʱ͵ȥˣ죬ȻǿվҪƶһȴҲ
ҶɱѾĪַ㣬ϵ۽ѾһϢͨ˶ѡ
ҶһսҲɣȻһһʮȴ˿ǣ߻һͬ
Ҷնɱ˴ߵ֮ͬ󣬻Ҳ˺ۣǸǲѪϵĹͷϵض˶ٸҲܵصˡ
ڸղһֱϵû̫ܵ˺
Ҷк˵һ̣ͻȻסҶĺҶ罿С߸
ƯԽԽ԰ףûһ˿ͬġ
ֻ֪ҪԼɱǰŮص֮֮ͿԵõҶҴĲƸԴˡ
ЩƸԴһӶòģҶλ޺ݶķʳԣǸŮ˸ʳԵĻͰй¶ۣ˴һ
ߵͬȫͻȻһ˿ˣһ˸ˣ뿪֮ʱͬԡ
һսֵȴȫˣţһо͹ˣԺеĺôһ˵ˡ
뵽Цˣá
ԶַѾٴУͬˣǰŮѾ֮УȻһʧأЦ
ɫԽԽ԰ףڰвϵȵҶ磬ЦС㣬ûϵԼҲнѣһжˣȥɣ
þûַһ˵ڶεϵ۽ֱӳ
˿˵Ѿ޷УܷҲδ˵˴Ųһе
ȻŮʶŶ̶죬˿ȴŮ
һ̣Ů۵ãһסҶֱҶ罿Сһ䵽˵ϡ
һַ߳߳˼֮Զַ䵽ʱ򣬰µһʯҳһʯм
ڵϴڴϢҶ磬ֿŲԶַ㣬¶˼ȷŭı飬Ҷ˿ѾûվַҲѾ;ƿݡ
Ȼʧȥһ첲ȻƿһУɱַ˵ߴַǰʱһָֻ̧ŵزַ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪҸĻᣬ½죬ֻҪ⣬ֵҲԲƽǰЩ£ΪʲôҪѵ㲻֪۵Ԫ걻ά߷䣬Ǹ̵ļһܲɷֵĹϵΪʲôҪ
вף벻ף಻ǽرɣַ֪Ҷ֮ӦòһеɱҶŶԣΪʲôҶأ
ʸףַҶ˿̶ѾһҲˣҪ֪˴֮ɱǡ
ַȻǿվŴ˵ۣҪɱ۶
ڣãĸ񼫣ѵͳ˺඼սҿӦðͽŶԣ֪۵ãӻѵһȺǷǲֵļһ𣬹ֲõҪά䣬ã
Խ˵Խһţֱַ㡣
ַ㲢ûжܣһһָͷ˴ؿڡ
ƽʱַһָȫԴƴ࣬˿̵ƽʱʮ֮һһָֻǴ˴硣
Դ˵Ƥ˰ˣҲѾ˺ۣҲںˣַһη˳ȥͬʱѪˮ硣
ĩַ㻹ǵһصˣַ䵽ʱ򣬴Ѿٴ˵ַǰȥɡ
ȭͷſֲݺݴַ㡣
ֻҪһȭʵˣַǱ򱬲ɣַ㣬ѾƣصһɽôҲһҲˡ
ʱ˿̣Ҫ˵ˣַСָһ̣Ƿ¶һ˿΢ЦƬɽԼ֮ˡ
ȭͷͻȻͣǰ͸һؽ⣬ϵĵѪ
ַ㿴֪ʱҶѾ˴þ̳һ
ַȴеЩʧҶһȻش˴ȴûдд࣬Դʸʹ˱ȫڵȥ֮ǰɱԼҶ硣
Ȼûؿǰؽ⣬ֱһ죬סҶ磬صˤַԡ
ƵԼ󣬽ǰѽγ˳Լ˿Ѫˮ磬ǰѵѪˮĳѹַľ˵ˣһİ࣬һ֮ͽһͬԧɣ


362  ռū
ַ㵹ڵϵģңϵļ֮ܶ⣬κεطܶģǶŴ΢Ц΢ЦУǴǿҵĳ֮ɫ
ַӵ΢ЦпŭѾȡʤַ㲢û͸ʤӦе𾴣ֻӵ΢Ц·ǰվŵģһСѡ
ַ㣬Цʲôǰҵ𣬶ϻҵϣΪʲô㻹еӵ΢ЦңװǻƵļһ㵽˵ܼܲװ
ռū
ʲô
΢΢һ˼֮ûռū仰ѵһţһ񶾵䣬Ϊͨһֶ񶾵䣬ʱ̲Ųæ
ַþȫ͵ȸǴСūţֱ׷ĺ裬Ԫ֮󣬸ǱӰӳǣһ޳ܵСˣѵռū𣿡
ԭڳң
Ϊַƣȴû뵽ַѾɽˮĵزˣռūһ䳰Ц˵Ļռū񶾵Ļȷ̫ˣأ
ַߵҶҲһЦַռū仰ˣ벻˴˿ַ̣ȻĬ
ôһʱ֮ЦĴأַ̫вˣĻ˵ĵǺУϥٵ޳Ϊ̻ľ֡
ַ仰˵Ƥ죬漴Цһռū㻹Ҫҵ𣿡
ַһҲˣҶһ˿֮⣬ѵԼС֣סַ֣¶Ҫ빲ģ
ַԴҡͷϧͷһҲˣֻþ˵һ
ѵ㻹վ
ַƺǺ£裬ַָֻͷˣҶ״ȻһЩվȴҲ
ˣѾ;ĩ·ˣΪʲôַ˵ĵأ
ȻվȻΪһȥ
Ϊһ˶ɱҾ͸㣬һ˭ҲȲˡ
ı׼ַԴ𣬽䡣
һŴͷ­ԶԶ˳ȥҶ粻ĿַԴҵģŵı۾ãһ΢̾Ϣ
̾ϢϤҽҶе̧ܰͷַȻƽĵڵϣԶŴʬ塣
Դ˿Ѿ֪ȥˣȻձѪˮһ׶ԶҶ۾һӵɴˣ׾ʲô£
ղŴ䣬ôַû£ԼԴɳȥأȻˣȴһһʮΪƴ֮£һǿҲκβ
ڣȴһնͷ­ѵѵֵǸҲһ˵һĻַ֮ϣлгԽַǿߴ
ѵղɱӰӳǣӰӳǣҲó־ַѽҶ˰죬Ҳ벻ǺηʥƯĴ۾˰죬Ҳûڸһˡ
ַ˵ڰװˣ񻹲ѵҪſϳ𣿡
ԶһӦ֪ˣ
ղѾܵһǿϢڸ̾ᣬô²ǱڸأȻ磬ȴҡ
ַһټһʮɱ£ʹľѾޱȡ
Ȼǿ˵ΣľȴԶˣղڴٽʱѾоһǿ˸
־Ҫɱʱַ˵Լ仰⻰ҲѰеǸ˸Ͻ֡
Ҷ翴һֻжʮ˰վַԣʲôʱվַߣȻûп壬˾ľַǰվ·ǧһһֱ
ҶȻ֪վŵ˭ȴ֪ԷԲӰӳǵˣҲ֮ˣ˵ɢģһûнӴİϢ
ַ㵭ЦӢĵڵϣ飬֣Ͻ
벻ַҲ˵ĻԽԽλ޳ֵܵˡ
ֻ֮Цˣֺαص棿
˷ַ㣬ַ˵ԼһЩӣԼó
ַԵ˵ݸ֮ϵٵڶ̶̵ӣ΢߶ˣҪϵκ˵ҩЧҪá
ַʰڵϵıʵֲ̹Ŵ½ôֻصԪˣ
˱̹Ŵ½Ľɣ˵ѾĶһ𷵻̹Ŵ½֪ʲôʱַԪ
ַָҶ缸ڳԹǼ֮ҶҲʱöˡ
ƾûַأڷ֮ҲҪַָĿĶࡣ
ɣҶһ˵ֵŮѽۺʱεأܿЯͬУ½յսȻߴһλ֪
Ҷûнʲôֻɬĵͷǲᡣ
ַ㵱ȻҶʶḶֻ́ǵ˵鲻ģҶҲǲ򲻳ɽɣ
̶ַһ仰ֲһҶڣַڿ϶ѹϵˣ򲻳ɽѾܹ˵һˡ
ַͷҶ˵磬ǽʹ˱һȰһ仰֮ԶҪٻԪˣ˵֮仹һõĻ䣿
˵仰ַɣһ뿪Ƭ֡
ַ㲢ҶİȫȣԪܹ˺Ҷ֮٣ߣԪбԼֶΣǿУҲӦа취
һ·ϣַѯʽɣΪʲôԪɣ¶һ֮ɫҲûǶַʵʵ˵
ص̹Ŵ½֮󣬽ɣ̹Ŵ½ѧԺ֮һĶ淢˾ףһŭ֮£ɣһɱ档
̹Ŵ½һΪĴ½ַɹ涨Ƕţë̹ͨ򣬽ɣ飬ȻǱɣʱĶԼɣ˽üá
Ķǿĸ棬ԼĻ£̹Ŵ½ִǲòòֻǽɣ̹Ŵ½ûд⵱ȻΪҪĶλЩӡ
ڷֱʱĶǿЦĶԽɣ˵ôŰѽɣȳϣɣӦһ¡
ɣ֪ĶҪַʮʱ򣬱һڴӦԥԪ
ʵĶ֪ɣ޴ȥַȱǿİ֣˲Ű뿪Ц뵱˵Ҫɣַʮꡣ
ɣȴΪĶЦĶо֮ȨκҪźԥĴӦ
ַӿһů⣬벻Ķȥ̹Ŵ½֮󣬻˹ԼŸԼһİ֡
ĶСǵ֣ʤ̫һԼַˣԼİֶûУɣҪ
ڵ֣ʤѾȹȥı˺ܶ࣬ԼڳϰһϣԼûд֪
֣ʤ֪֮Ȼԥļ˽ԼʾԺԸΪԼһ
ȱȣ֣ʤԸ̶ȣҪǿַֻܶ࣬㵣֣ʤ޷밵һ£ûн֣ʤ֣ʤӧȻַϲ
Ķְѽɣ̹Ŵ½ǿ߰ŵԼߣַижѡ
ĩڣһֱַӻеֵܣǽɳʼԼˣԼǣֻǾ֮ͣȴû뵽ڽ죬ԼõĻر
ɣΪ̹Ŵ½ǿߣӵбĳ໹ҪٶȣԼ˽ɣһ֣Ժ֮ĶУֶ˼ʤ㡣
ַó֣ͨʤѯ֮²ŵ֪ѾѪ˳ϣڻ˴ݺңڷط˳ǵ;С
Ҳַοĵһ⣬Ȼ⣬Ժǵ⻹չݣٻԼȽѺõİ֮ǣڻݻĻϣѸɥʬڽ֮
ַ̻֮󣬵õһ𾪵ϢСʱ֮ǰĺüʹ˳ǵʹڷ˳Ǳɱ
£˻ľڲϣ֮ǵķŭǶԼ˳ǵʹһ¸еΪŭ˳˶εĿ顣
ƫƫ̻Ҳ֣ڵķ˳ڲѾҳһš
ַаŭ˳Ǿ˼ʹ򵥣˵ǵжԷ˳ǵһ̽жԼݺݷĻӭصĺ
ʲôڷ˳ǽôķ粨أӰӳʹĶƣǰ֮ǵĵжԷ˳׶ȡıֶΡ
ϣ֮Ǽʷ˳ǵĿٷչʹֶΣΣַ㶼Ѹҳ֣ҪȻѸٷչķ˳ǱܳصĴԷ˳ԺķչǼΪ
ַɣոս˷˳ǣĴϱмʮģ˹һ˴ȵϽÿҪӵȥ·


363  һ
ַ΢΢һüֵܿԼûм䣬Ǽʮ˵ȻǹȥȻԼСУЩ˵̬ʵһ㡣
ַ̻ƶǹʱһǲ׼Ľǿ벻ЩȻڴ֮ͥ˿ûѷ˳ǵĳǹ
ַ㿴˿Щ˵ķΣϳЩ˲Ƿ˳еĽɫźÿһ㡣
һ֮УڽһЩϣ֮ǵʱ򣬾һЩǵ裬һŲ˳еĽսʿ
ЩǲǷ˳ǵˣȴַиǷ˳ǣֵܳеĽǳĹҲŰɣ
ַ㲢û˵ҲûÿֻԷӡ
ַ޾ɫǶӣһڱŭ˳еսʿ̫޷ˣȻҵ·ÿ㻹װƣǻˣ
ַǵʱԸ̫ҡ˲ǵʱ򣬴һͭɫߣЩûϳǶˣǴַ㡣
ȻЩ֪ˣǻսַĻѸղĻԽȥ
ַ㵭˵·ȫԹȥģҸ߸·λֺαسأ
һϽŭǿԹȥӿ㲻ˬÿӽŰ㣿
һн͵˳սʿҲ̫ûйˣǵϣ֮Ǹ˸·ĻͰԴˡ
ַҲЩջϽſھӵģӲԼǰʴ󱲣ԼȻᣬҲڳЩ˵Ķӱ˰ɣ
ڷ˳ǣַһȭȥԷЩ˺ˡ
ַ㾡һƽĿ˵òƳ涨ǲĽѹˣɱ˰ɡ
˳ǵĹ涨ôܵű
ѽҹʮֵܳеʹɱЩ˳ǵķȴҲ֣ѵڷ˳ǲ׼ɱˣȴֻܱɱ𣿡
ַ̾һѾֵȫǽ֪ˣҪȻϽҲ˵ַûʱЩ˾Ŀӽɣ˵֣ǸϽȥɣ
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ַɣҪ뿪ȻûаЩЩǸðһ˿첽ǰһȭַ㡣
ȭ磬ַ΢΢һھĩֻмʱˣȻͻͽǰǴﵽ˾ʮ㡣
ַ·ûпһȭȻǰߣɣҲûгַֻ֣
ַڴһսУһǿü֮ǰѾﵽ˾ʮ㣬һս֮սߣǴﵽ˾ʮ㡣
ַĿǰ弶۷սﵽһһʮĴҲԷܶԷ
ǰˣ͵סַһȭ˽ɣûκζȻַϲˣͽԼְѣ
ȭͷٴַ㣬ȭͷַԴʱַƺһ¡
ꡣ
һַɣѾ֪٣еֱϾʹŷֵԼֱ۱˸ĸ۶ˣɭɭĹͷֱӴ͸ľװֲ¶档
ԼĶϱ۴Ѫˮ磬оǰһжģԼĳ࣬ҪͻưĴڣȻĪıˡ
£еĳ඼ԶյٶȣٵıǿǰȻҲ⡣
ıµʱǿ˽һһжʾţڳĴˣʮڷ˳ڵʹ֮УҲĴڡ
ЩǶһĳ࣬ǲŸţղַʱѾַɢϢǳ࣬Ÿҵַ
ȴû뵽һУǿһ㱻ղսʿŤֱۣ˵жǿѵͳһҪȻô
˲ǳѽΪʲôսʤ֮ӵĳࣿ
ղϵÿֲ
˳ֵٶҲ죬˳ڹȻԻ
Ҹղһˣ͸е͸һ䣬ҿϵɱһйء
ֱַȥ̻˾һݵ̻
ַ˻̻˵ĵԵһһԹ˵ַ㣬ߵʱ䣬ˣ˳˹ͬļ԰һ㲻ˣͷһ˹ôһˣ
̻ЩݵӣַӿһǸ⣬˳ԴӽԼ˦ƹҲææ⣬˷˳ǵĽ졣
ڰο̻仰ַһü˵鵽ʲôɱЩʹ𣿡
ֱڣǷ˶ûв鵽κһԿ϶ֵǸΪֲҲһ֮ϣﵽһٶʮ
Ϊʲô˵
Щȥʹ󲿷ֵھʮϣлм˺ܿҪͻһˣǶˣҶǱһ
ַͻȻðһ˿һɱһǿߣֻԼԼҪɱЩĻҲһҪһҵĴ򶷲С
ǸȴܽЩһ̣ûоڱ˵ԶڽɣеĴ֮ϡ
Ҫ˵ϣ֮밵֮ǣֻĿǰӰӳжûǿ߰ɣ


364  
ַɣȥЩʹסһ飬Щʹס˵ɭϣΧʩܲ
һɹҲᱻ˵ûܹɱ˶Щʩֵġ
ЩʹȻȫɱȴûзκ˿ֻ˵һ㣬ɱƶٶ̫죬Щߴ豸ûв׽ɱֵһ˿ټ
ɱԶ㣬ڵʱȴһֱٶȣַڵļ¼ʱȴЩʹиûκμʩ
˳֮ҲΪ˱Щʹ˽ûǵаװκμʩ
ƫƫ涨ַȥµģʱԼԻ˵Ҫظ˽ڲ֪һĻС
ɻѵЩ˶ԼģַЩᡣ
Ҳװ˼ʩĻһҵֵ˿ڣȴʲôҲ鲻ˡ
һһף
ڿЩʹʬַ֮и⣬ʮʹһ⣬ǱŤ˾Ƕ
Щ˶һͬ㣬Ǿʱɫ꣬ȻǻûзӦͱŤ˾ǡ
һʼַ㻹ΪҪȻԷ޷֪֮ɵԷЩʹԻʮϣ֮ǣ֮ƽϵ࣬ɱʶеһˣҲʶˡ
ֻнһ뷨Ǿǳֵʵ̫
󣬵޷Կɱ߽ʹҵʱЩʹ߻ΪǳˣҪȻ֪Ǳ뵽ǵ
Щʹ߻ûļѯôһ£˱֣Ťǵľǣһ㣬ַ
Ǹ־Ǻηʥ
ַһСʱʱЩʹķת˺üȦȴûв鵽κõżЩȥŵһ˿޵֮⣬˵һ
ͬɫصĽɣַ̲סʵֵ֣ĻܲɱЩǣ
ܣҲҪһ򶷲Щȴûκδ򶷵ĺۼЩǵϣ˾֮⣬Ҳû˿ڣһֶ̫ˣĿǰȴһ㡣
ַ˵ͷɣͻƵİսȻԼһ㣬ƣԼ١
һԸĽɣ˵ַĸѾȷ鲻Ŀǰ밵ģӰӳǣȻǵ
ԪҲֻӰӳǵǿԲûɣǿĳ϶û֣ɥʬҲûɣԼ˭ԼܲȥЩްɣ
ӰӳǳֵĻǾֻɱ⼸ʹ£ֻҪٳ֣Լһܰҳ
ַкͷʱһŮַ㣬˵֮ǵĽھˣ̻ҲЩ޲ߣϣַܹȥѹһ¡
ַڷ˳Ǵʱ򣬸ղŻֲֹĴͻȻΪ˿ַ㣬˵Ӱ
ַһеʺˡ
֮ͻȻţֳҲͻȻгˡ
ַ㵭˵֪ҶǼֵܵһºܷŭҲͬŭȻҵķ˳ǣǷ˳Ǿ;Թۣǻᾡףһġ
Щң㣬ȻǲַĻ۷κһϣ֮ǣЩȨΪ˸ο˵ķŭҲ˵Ļ
ЩȻ֮ǰ̻Ѿ˵ˣ̻˵ǣַȻҲ˵ǣַֻĺպַһӣûеƿڴɣ
һ˵ַˣ˵Ҫ֣һʾǶ飬һ껹꣬߻ʮʮ꣬ǻܻܲһ죿
ѽַгĻ͸һ̶ڣҲиͷ
ַ˲ǹЩ黰ǰɣ
һʱ֮䣬֮ϵٴЩַַ֣ܲ㰵ô֪ѵԼĳɣ
ǿЩȥֳЩʬ壬ַ㶼ûвκõϢλصĵˣһ˿ֻҪ˲ٳֵĻַԶҲ鲻Ҳǽ
ĩǰƲ˵İӶȥˣûжȥܣ˲Ϣѵĩж˻Ϊȥָ˵Ŀֲַ֮ò̬
֮ڣұ֣һĽ
ַ֮Żҳ֣ĽȻ⣬ǴַĿ⣬ʵһ㡣
Ƿ˳ǣַһرˣԼַ㣬ַ㰵иԼСЬô졣
ַһŭԼĲӱȥͬһ³Ҳǲܵ飬ЩŲ˵ˡ
ַ뿪֮󣬵֪֣ʤ˻ˣȼһ˿ϣ֣ʤĩ֮ǰ̾ưһбԼУȥ֣ʤ̡
֣ʤһ̯˵磬ĩǱ̬ǿɥʬЩֻĩǰͨãı̬ǿһЧûС
ַҲǣԼҪڰץǲˣţ֮ԼҸ˶ףǶЩ˵ٵȰأ
֣ʤǰһĿСŮַ΢΢һǰŮȻǼģģȴҲĹ㣬Ǹһʮĸо
Ů˭ѵ֣ʤͻȻˣĶһӣԼĵؽ۵ŮС
ַ㷢ŮԼ۹ЩܲȻŮ˫۾ҲЩϤȴ벻
ңŮƺһɵĵ⣬ַ㵹Ҳû£֮ºԼ˻ҲںһԼĵ⾿ӺζأԼ۸Ůɣ
֣ʤûзһ㣬ֻɵɵͷ֪νһС
ıˣһ棬ŵӣַһӵ
Խȣ𽥳ɵϺŵģĵ㣬ַҲӿһ˿ܰС
СѾͷмʮˣڷ⽨͵ŮͼˣԼҲܻˡ
ִĳҪٹһˣԼս˵ʲôҲ۸δֻ̡꣬
һɬСһɳΪһŮԼųŮַиһĪĺøС
֮ǵĶˣҲַԼҪַ㣬꣬ͿԹļּˡ
ʱٽȥһЩϲ֮ʱͿֱ׳˵ûʱ䣬㻹ҪؼϹء
֣ʤŮǴкַָܵ磬㣬ʤ򰵺֮Ƿص·˳־ģûȥ㱻ʤ˷˳ǣָ磬֪ûз֣ʤڶ˺ܶ໶Ц
⵹ǣڵĶܱʧȥżĶҪĶ࣬ǰ֣ʤۺʱһüչǷ˰ٵǮģ
ڣͷƶչˣǰŮȷ֣ʤӰܴ
֣ʤڴ޵Ӱ˳ַֻΪˣŮΪʲôԼһ˿ĵ⣬ַԲƽϡ
Ů˺Լ鵹Ҳûʲô˵û˺Լı£ַȴϣո߳Ӱ֣ʤٴα˺
ʱ䣬ԼҪһЩŮıΪʲôԼе⡣
ʱ̷ϴŴ۾ŮʱһĻЦȫǵҽ鱨ռҲַҪĿġ
ַ֮ѾͷȴˣΪַǹŵġ
ڵַ֪Լ֮ǸѾͷ˷ܵĻһ˵Ķȹ֫ǳɫ˿࣬ǹճŮΣκ˼ˣǰһĳ嶯
Ѿͷ۾ʱĿиĿ⣬˿ˣ˵ޣ·ʱ򣬾Ȼüβһײǽϡ
һΪѾͷԼܺ˷ܣҲ֮У˭Լ˰˧أҪһǣӾ۾󽵵ͣŶβһ˵ǽϡ
ַһڵأΪƯ۾⣬ֻ۾аɣٲһСײǽϡ
ˣַ㲻ò˵ЩĵĻĴ̫Ưˣ·Ҳر˿װ̫ڵľˡ
ȷúƯ̻ĪƷͮҲֻǲһѣΪӣʱżһۣ͸Ưˣַ޶ԷҲ˵Ϲ
ַһ֣ʤģС
ɻʵִ磬ʤǸС𣿡
ַ˵ͷֻ˵ѵִ翴ǸСѾͷ׷ĵϸ
ɲҪ˵޲ۣ֣ʤҵĺֵܣòԼϲˣֻˣôᵶᰮأܾŮܲ򵥣ӽʤĿĵĻҵʤᱻŮ˺
⵹ǣ߱ǸŮƯеǣִȻ˶Ρ˵Ůʤ粻ҿӦòɣǸСŮҲһˣҲǿһˣӦƲʲôɣ
Ҳǰɣܸои̡
ִģһ죬ҾܲŮݡ
⻰Ҳǿ纣ڣ̨ͨľ޴룬Լַ̻ЧӦ£˳ȫĸؽԼרҵ鱨ϵͳ
Ǳڻĸص鱨ϵͳ˳ȫһ֮սʿ˼ʹϵ
ϣ֮ǵʹɱĴ£ȻʲôҲ鲻Ҫȴѡ
漴һ£һĵ˵ִ磬ں߲õߵϢ޺ǻԾһͷצεȻЩҲǺҵЩ޻ڽڻԷ˳Ƿ
ַ˴ͷʹôԼһط˳ǣ鷳¾һһԼ
ֵܳеʹɱ֣ʤߵŮҲЩںıҲϹ֡
צѾֻһ֮ңˣֻǿ߶ѹס˵޲ýŶԣѵһӰӳйأ


365  צ
Уһڹļ𣬰ڵĺˮͬˮ㷭ľˡ
һΧŴϿտٵķţ
ʮͷʽĺַ׷׸ˮ棬ǧ׳ľ֣׳֣Լʽı캣֡
Щֶһͬ㣬Ǿͻ˰㡣
ĿǰĽٶȣԶ½صеıޣҲֻа˾ʮһıҲûУϡ٣ֻ֮һûС
һıޣȴԲ˼ٶȿٱǿԶԶܱߵıޡ
⵹ҲɺϣǸһڰ֮ǰһԲΣϣζĸ
ָδԼ״СȫǷ⣬ָһʱ򣬱ܱߺֵĹ
ܱߵĺǷ֣ЩԲεĸζױǲ׽ЩԲεĸﱻ캣븹֮ʹóԵЩı캣ֵ׷ױǡ
һ캣ֵԳٶȷչ˵븽һ˴ԲθֱӵĹϵ
ĩ룬Ҳӵ˲ǻۣҲ֪ûѵԡ
ϾûκԵ޹ʵ飬ж̺ŴײɱĸﵱȻĪĳƬ
ЩǻۼߵĺǲҹЩΪǸµն˹ȥֻ׽ȴûЩ
ЩĺȷЩһӵϣ˴Բθ
һЩԭֻмʮĺ֣ɵļʮֻ֮󣬱Ȼͻһ㣬ЩСںȻ۲ı캣Ǵ۾
ǿЩǵ͵öı캣һٱǿԼԼڵһʱ䷢Щȴȥ׽ڱԼߵЩСǡ
ŹȥЩֻмʮı캣ֵʿͻƵʱǲԭѵͣȴˡ
Ǵⳡʢԭ򲢲Ϊ̫Ϊ̫̫ǡ
ԭʱ̫̫ҲһִԼСʱԼЩ³çͬǷ׷׻ͻƣôˣѵҲһִ
ЩǰǣҲƲȺСһһָи㲻һе˹ȥڵһʱ̵Щ
ǣı캣ֿʼˣһצ̳˴Բθ֮һ³˰ֻצ
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צӵеĽһʮҲʹΪ˸кֹϵһʼܶı캣ֲϰצͳελ
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Ѫͳ˵ĸͷĽٶһ³еĺ֣˰ֻצ
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˵Ѿͻһʮ㣬ֻҪͻƶ㣬Ϳ̥ǣΪĲڣʱеֵܽ׷ȥͳȫĺ½ˡ
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˲Ҫһͳ½Ҳǵĵ̣Щɥʬȫǵʳ
צɫ۾ͻȻ˰ߣУ޵Ŀ⡣
ЩϼһǿҲܣУȴܷŹҪݻУ˶Ե
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צһ̵Ŀ˵ֵ׼һ£һҪ˰ϵֻ࣬ҪĳУͿԺܳһʱ䲻Ժˡ
ߵĳֻǵĵһĿ֮꣬ǽ½ϵ඼Ե

Զ֮ǵļʮɥʬǿȻǱ뵽˷˳ڣЩɥʬǿеκһڣҲвڰ
ʮһɥʬǿߣֵĻȫɵĻٵһ͵ϣ֮ǡ
Ǳ˳ǵĿĺܼ򵥣Ǿǽնжϣ֮еַ㣬̻֣ʤԼеľϽȫϮɱ
ֻҪַ̻ˣ˳ҲˣбҲûϹᣬͬѹˡ
˵򰵺֮ǰ⣬ĲڰȻ󲨡
ַǸʲôѵЭһͳ𣬻ѳϵһӣ֣ĵİ֮ȫ
ٰ֮ǶԹַĴַϵĽӽȶȻĲǶ֮ɳԵǿߣ齨֧նС顣
նСŵ㣬ѡһнϡ
УնСļƻ¶ˣ˳ǵ˷ȫǣҲ뵽ɥʬڷ˳ǵĽС
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ǵڼ֮ǰҰԵʱһȺɥʬס
ΪԼɵʱЩɥʬȴŹ
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һʼҲĴӢۣڴȻĴбȺɥʬɱࡣ
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Щɥʬ֪Է˳ǵʱ򣬲ǰһ
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ͷչȥһ꣬˳ǱܳΪϣ֮ǵĹͬ䣬ַΪĵһˣֻҪһ仰ǧȥǰеˡ
ĿǰַȻҲ԰֮ҰģҪȻҲϹˣڳϣİ֮ɥʬУǰһͽˡ
϶ǿַ㱰ϥԸ𰵺ͬȴѾжַ׵İǿ߱ɱˡ
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Ȼ⼸£Ҳûд֮ǶõϢȻе̶̻ա
ַʲôҲˣַ㼵Ը֪Լ밵繴ᣬԼɱιŹأ
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ƻǲ̫ˣĩԸַˣûһк³ģѵЩɥʬΪ
ЩɥʬļƻʧˣʱƱػȺɥʬһ군
ǣǰڷ˳һŶӣ϶ԷĻһʵݣ˳ǵ˾ͶǧС
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ΪԤɱֵٴγ֣˳ɴ鷳ַԽסڷ˳ǵʹǵסеȫĳ˶˾סÿٰĸˡ
صɱٴγ֣Ҳƾһ֮ɱĸˣһɱĸ˵ĻҲǰʵʩɱ
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Щ߸ϵĽϰһ˾סڿ׷ַĸ˼һһȻԹصˡ
ַ˶Щ˼빤˵ţҲΪǵȫ
ϣ֮ǵʹȻҲַ֪ΪǺãȻԹصԹԣַԲǡ
Щַһߣô飬ַ˳ǵ˶޷ӦЩǲ޿κΡ
ڴϣַоķ˳Σķĸоķ˳ǾǺϵɳ񣬿Ρ׳ۣһͷе׳ɳ񶼻ɢ˳ǻ᲻ͦȥӵͼϳʧջƻأ
ȻȻ֣ȫҲǰ٣ģƤ׵ģʳӦоУȻоΣ𲽱ƽ˷˳ǵա
ȺȻûиеΣıƽǶûܵЩʹǱɱӰ죬ֻǸԳʳǣԽԽõ˷С
ЩͨУ˳ַ㣬̻ǿսʿսĽػǡ
Щ˾ͬһǣټķ˳ǰȫĵǵĻУȻǰ˶ϣ֮ǵʹɱһ£ͨȴΪֻǸ
ֻҪַ㣬̻˳ǾԶ
ʵϣ˳ǵҲȫаȫеĳ֮һΪսһֻҪػǣ˳ǱԶ
෴ַзͨʮ㣬ָоɱʮʹɱֲֵ̫ˣ˵ֻԶԼ֮ϡ
ԼǸɱ潻ֵĻɱ˻᲻Լأ
ԼͻһĴֻһ֮ңǿսһǿߣô
Ȼ˸е־壬֮⣬ƺо֮ĲɥʬǿѾǱ뵽˷˳Уͼ˷ˡ
Ȼвûκ֤ݿ֤֮ǻУļҲûеõͼ֮ǿѾǱ˳ǵϢƾдĸоȻȷڷ˳аǿǱ
ں߰ŵļԱǷϢı캣ͻȻúܻԾܶǿı캣־ԾϺ棬ֻ±캣ֶԷ˳ǵĽѾüˡ
ɱ֣ǿߣеı캣֣صһ𣬽ַһֻһǣ޹ҵսʿĻڷ˳Σһ֮
һΪ˲еΣһֱԸϣ֮ľ䳶ϹϵΪߵһң̻ں˷˳ǡ
۷˳ٶѹһ֮ļ԰
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뿪סַڴϲͣй䣬ߣ˲ûϳݣû˶ıӰߺսꡣ
ߵŵʱַ㷢·һ˳ϵ΢Цƺƺϳݡ
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Ŀǰַ㿴ʵˣҲֻ̹֮Ŵ½ǿ߲£̹Ŵ½ǿѾȫǵĵ̫ͣѵǰ֮
ԴַӰӳǣ֪۵ı֮ж֮һȻķУиȻΪ֮ûһöȻˣҶеһࡣ
ַͻȻһ˿ɱ˵˭ǲ֮ˣＸǰɱʮʹǲģ
˲ûлشַĻһĿַ󣬷·ַ˲˼顣
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ʱ֪ԼϵˣавæعͷʱȴѾӰ
ַкȻԼͷŲһӵʱ䣬˾Ȼ̵ʱڣӲĴԼǰʧˣߵʱûдһ
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ַѾҶ϶ղһ߰ǿߣΪĿǰ밵лûԼǰɵ뿪
Լǰ֪뿪֣ȻԱܹļʩ
ѵǰϣ֮ǵʹǰɱģΪʲô
ַĿɨһ¸ѾⲻԶˣղѾ˳ǣԼֻҪץסˣͿƽ⼸ǰϣ֮ʹǱɱһˣ


367 
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ַٱţʮʿŵվ˳еļǹ뵶׼˿Ƚӽŵַ㡣
ЩʿְǼǵˣֹԵǱٽӽŵַ㣬ȻҪ¶Է
ЩʿǲַϵĿֲϢϢѹдְڣֲòסַ㡣
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ʿҲų羴ı飬ԭǰͨˣȻǳ羴Ͻ˵ϴߣʵ䣬ͷڣһ֪˵Ͳ
һˣ˷˳Ͻеʿ֮飬ҲϣԼһ죬ܹǰһΪպյϽ
ַ漴ǣ׷˹ȥûпϵ۽ҲַΪ˱ʵΪϵ۽ѾԶĹرˡ
ҹͻһʱо͸оԼкܶණڻȥ
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ַŵ˽죬޺˿˲пĩлĩУ㣬ң޺ı飬ҲֻǾ˵ıɫѡ
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ѽҵļȷ֮򣬵ȴһߣԪҲûж⣬ң
ַҲ֪һ֮ߵĩǰмңκһ֯Ըֻ˼ġ
֮ߣмңǶһȺû׷ҵˣʷϵʿ
ˣ˵Ԫ˺ַȴΪԷ߶ŶԷֺйûأ
ĩֵ֮ĴʿʱڵձˣǶߵ˹ĻĴأЩ˸ڼԼκģֻΪѰһԼ롣
ʵȻˣЩŷ޵Ĵʿǣβ˵ͬʱȴŷ˵ļֵۣͼӾͬˡ
ʿĴҲڱףŷһЩȽһЩ˼йԻĵĽԶӰ졣
ЩձˣǸձ˽»һȺĵĿǵȥһЩ飬䵱ձֻĵļȷ档
ĵʿЩձѰԼ룬ַҲ֮ԪС
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ûиҽһǷ˳ǣҿʺñӣߵϡ
˵ȻȻǸЦеģЦи·һħʹǰ˲˵Ļġ
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ԼҪڰ֮ҳһǲɱ˲ҪԼһҲС
Լϣ֮һֻҪץסˣͿĽˣʵʲôǶԼ޹ء
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Ҳû˵ַȷץסˣϣ֮һС
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ȻЩԼǿԵúСģȻΪûԼǵټֻԼûƶѡ
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ǽɱ޷Ұļҡ
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ַ㿴Ǽһ˵֮ǵǿ߹Ȼ˷˳ǣֻǰĲֻǼɣΪʲôһأ
ǿ໥һַĿƺ֪Ǳ˷˳ڣַƺ֪ǻкܶͬ顣
ЩɥʬǿΪԼѾĺˣǵһγַ֣ʲôԭһַƿ֮С
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һɥʬǿһַ΢΢һЦ岻ûˣǰһ
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ʹЩɥʬǿȫӲԼƣȳֵɥʬǿߣһ֮㱻ַƵýʧݣ˻ûᣬӿɽҲ
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ͬʱɥʬǿ߸߳ʯƾһţ޴ʹʹӳԼȫǱܣ˿Ѿ˲Լˣֻʣһ뷨ǾԼˣҲҪԷͬھ
ꡣ
ַһţ󷢶ɥʬǿߵϥϣɥʬǿߵϥǶʱ˸飬ȱȫ飬˽ȥγ˾ʮȵֱǡ

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ôܣǵͬҲǿߣǵնС飬ǻļʮ֮ѡһȺǿߣκһڣǴ˵вַǿߡ
ַոճ㣬ôܹƬ֮䣬һǿأ
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ɥʬǿߵĶҲֲץͬϣʹǵȾʬˣЩ˶ɥʬɥʬ֮ʬǲ໥Ⱦġ
ַһ㶼벻ȻһֶֻԸǣֻϻһѷıѽ
һ֮ǰѱֱ͸ɥʬǿߵ࣬һѪ꣬˲Զһôϡ
ҵ֮΢΢ҡΣǰѻŶֵıɢſֲϢ
нɥʬһͷ˵ڵأղǰѳڶʱһ˲ĳѾƬ
һУһɥʬǿ䡣
Զ򳤳̾һַǴڻĶǿߣս
ϧַսȴһ̺ɱĲ·ȻʱڣѪȵֶԷǿսһֿݷȴͣԶҲﲻս۷塣
ۣȻڲͬĴ½ϣַ㣬ƺߵһ·ȻҪߵıַԶһЩ
ǸˣɱˣüͷҲһµıַ̬·ȥĻڲõĽı֮ƵѪħ
ַıԪ˵Ҳ֪Ǻǻ


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ӼҲҧˣȻ⼸ɥʬǿ֪ԼʤϣǺܴ󣬵Ȼû¶Ҫߵ뷨֪Լϱϣ
ٰǿǾΪַǰˣֻҪַ㲻Զû졣
ڼʮ֮ǵ£һȺɥʬǿߣΪһ𣬱֧նС顣
նС˳ǵʱеɥʬǿжѾ˱֮ģΪ˰Ľǲϧһ
ɱַ㣬ɱ̻˷˳ǣնС
նСɥʬǿǸţֻҪַһȺףʱ֮ǲŻ̫ƽ
һ֣Щɥʬǿǲŷַ֣ǿԶԶǵΣվ£Ȼûһɥʬǿߡ

һɥʬǿеıǰַеֱϡ
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ԼͬȻˣһɥʬŭַ㣬ַһؿڡ
漴ɥʬǿߵ屻߷ɡ
УɥʬкѪ磬ؿڸݽȥһ飬治֪жٸͷַһŸˡ
ɥʬеؿʹϮойͷͬ⵶̽ࡣ
ɥʬǿߵ䵽ϵʱѾһϢҲվˣһУżӵʱѡ
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ַаѾģܵÿ죬ҪȻСүҲһǡǸƺǿߵĻԼܴùԷ
ѽѾˣôԼĵ⣬ӦԼİɣҪȻô֮ززأ
ַͳеͨϵ˳ս˾ű룬˵Լץס˼ǰɱϣ֮ʹˣǴȥ
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˵ڵַݺĪеԼϣԼ˳Ϊɱַģȴû뵽Լַ㵱ƽϢϣ֮ŭĹߡ
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ǰսڽϣ֮ǵʹǰºԸҪڰµʱ䣬ץסɱЩʹ֡
죬Ӣս˾ץס֡
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ЩҴʹһЩɥʬǿǲ֣ԼԻȥԼĳˣȥЩҲƺֻһ
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Ȼˣʹǲɱʲô𣬷Ҳɱ֮ģĿ

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һͷ󺹵˳Щɥʬǿǰ˵λֵǧҪ嶯̫˽ַˣһûյ飬һΣַģڳй㳡ֵܣһһȦס
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ַԼ˳ԼˣһԼ밵֮໥ᣬ˺ԼŹأʵֹЩɥʬðȻȥǵͬ顣

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֣ʤű룬Щ˳ĵǿȫƼ˾С
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ַ㰲ŵЩˣǿߣ˳ǿһ֣ʮɥʬǿӦò̫⡣
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ַȴ£ڳй㳡ЩɥʬǿյĽδⲻַΪǿԸ
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ڼǰЩɥʬǿɱ˶פ˳ǵʹʹ÷˳ǱΣ
ϣ֮ǸǷָ˳Ƕǵ˱ʹǵǲ˳ǵʹɱǿҪǾ콫֮Է
Ǽ죬ȫǾ϶ʧȥЦݡ
ǵսַչҵЩ޳ܵɱ֣ɱ۵Ķͽץͽǽȫ˵С
ȻַǿеʱЩͨûлæ˿ȴ̨£֮£Щ޳֣ܵҲΪ˳ǾһЩ
ǣ֮Ҳǹˣǰɥʬǿǵĸϵ˱ʺ飬Ҳһǹ
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սʿľѪˮ磬ܱ߰սʿȫѪˮʧȥͷ­սʿ嵹صʱսʿΪģʱһСģɧҡ
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ҽ֣ʤǷ˳Уսֵַܣ㵽˵ʱ򣬲Ҫ˸߱ˣɱ㡭
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370  Ů˾Ů
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죬ȴıУڵѸȥԼҲԽԽ¶˲ĵı顣
ֱ˿̣ףʱﵽǿҲܣ죬ûԷ֣һǸ˵ҲһıԼǿ
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֣ʤٰһϢɥʬϮɱһɥʬǿߣɥʬӵһĴԡ
߼ɥʬȻҲͣ˵Ūıƣأȴ̫Զˣ൱ͽܵʸûС
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һʱ֮䣬ɥʬǿߵͻȻΧһŴ۾ŮʱˣǵǻصƯŮС
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ŮŽľͱŴ۾ŶɥʬǿߣСԵøǸɵϸɢſֲϢ
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ǵŮˡ
Ƿ˳гɳĻ䣬ɱ˵ʱ
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һսʿʱʫ˴󷢣˵˼һ仰Լ˵仰ʮֵ⣬ȻǶ̻зǷ֮룬֪Լ󡻹Բ̨ϵκһֻ졣
˵ֻǳڶ˵κһ˶һ
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Ů˰ǸǼǧ谮һľɫŮһ̨֣һȲ
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Ůмҷ˳ߣֶֺ࡭
˳ǶŮҿһսֻ֮½Щϣ֮ҲŮⷽǱȼ˰ɣ


371  Ѫս˳
̻һնһɥʬǿߣͶ֮䣬Է
һ֣ɥʬǿгƬ˸
Ϲ࣬ȴȻûдﵽ̻޵Ч̻Ĵǣ˵ʱҪ˵ŮУҲûмܹԽ
ǲСţľɱһͷɥʬǿгƬҲЩɥʬǿߵĴйء
޷һͷɱɥʬǿߣҪѹƶԷȴǶѵ顣
ַЯ֮£˳ǿһͻưԶʤϣ֮ǿߣȻҲʤùľǿߡ
Ȼ޷ɱԷȴѹͬɥʬǿߡ
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˳ǿߣҲ̨ϵ⼸˶ѡ
̻࣬磬֣ʤű룬ڵİǿߣѾǷ˳ǵȫǿˡ
֮ͬɥʬǿǷĴ㣬Ǵ˳ͬھȻֻʮͬ飬ȴǰµĴڡ
˳ȴֻаǿߣ˰֮ϣȻռžԵơ
˳аˣһһµǿߣǻϿֱӡ
۵ĸ̨ϣ˳ǵǿǿɱһյƶ飬̨ǧϢ
һսҪԡ
˳ʤˣԺ˳ȫĵλãҲûκȡ˳ǰˣðɣԺİ罫᳹ײȫͷϡ
˳ˣԺ࣬ҪԽԽǿıޣҪ޵а֮ǲڽ¡
ΪԶƵΣΪԶػߵ˽죬ЩԼ˲Ž˷˳ǡ
Ϊеļ԰ǿ߶ƴɱ̻ɵѹסһɥʬǿߣһɥʬǿ˹Զһֵס̻Ľ
磬֣ʤҲһ֮ͬʱֵסɥʬǿ߲ҪĽ
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ʱ˿̣ϣ֮ǵʹǲףԭ˳ǵʵô࣬ڻκһϣ֮ǣһǿߣǹǧ˾Ĵڡ
ڷ˳ǣȴһӳôǿߣһ˳ǣǵסȫ֮֯ǿߡ
ϣ֮ǵʹȻ˵ȴף˳ǣûз˳ǣ֪ĸϣ֮ǣſԵס֮ôǿ߽
˵ģΪ˷˳ǣַ㣬̻ĸǿߣֻҪܱȫƽ
̨ϵսԽԽˣ̻Ҳղŵţǻ㺹죬и¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫ
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ٽǰæɥʬǿǰ¾ʮǿߣֻҪǰҲƬ֮䱻ɱǲࡣ
ʮ㵽һ֮Ĳ࣬¶Գ˵Ҳһ޷Խľ룬İǿҲɱһĴڡ
˳Щ˾ʮĽǣǷ˳δϣֻҪǰ䣬ò˶ãҲԽ㣬ΪĿĴڡ
죬ǻûƼ룬̻κβһĽòμս
ЩͻƱԵĽǣҪǱԼԺͻƼ֮Ϊ˳ǳ
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˵Ůʮʱ򣬱˾ĴڣŮаõף͸̨ϵĳ棬һɫȹŮ
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ϣ֮ǵʹΪ̻˼źи֪˳ǲˣԺǵĳнѹ
ʹĬĬΪ˳Ǽ͡ȥɣɱȺɥʬһеģΪȫ࣬Ҳȡʤ
ڻϣ֮ǵĴУϣ֮ǵĸ߼ǣͨڷ˳ǵߣǳ춯صĴսĻ档
˳ЩýŮӰһϣ֮ǵ˾˵ǵϣ֮з˳һСĻôⰵѹȣҲѳ޵вϣ
˾˵µнǾĬˡ
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һϣ֮ǵľУеĽǶڿ˳ǿɥʬǿƴɱĻ棬е˾ͻȻվ˵һսսΣԶʷᡭ
Ǿó羴ӫɱǿߣ˳ЩƯŮǣ绨䣬ȴΪ˱˳ǶսΪȫս죬ȫĵδѹЩŮ۵ļͷ
Ȼ֣ʤű룬Ҳܳɫ죬ǵĹâȴ̻˸ڸסˡ
人ϣ֮ڣͮ˫ԵĴ۾һգҲգĶӫϣȫעĿ̻һжˬӢˡ
̻㣬СãһҪȡʤ
ͮҲԼõףͬã̻һֱеżⳡս
ͮҲǿߣ޲ð̻һܡ
ϧ˿Զ֮⣬Լ人˳֮䣬˺һʱԼһսеĸ̨ϸжãʱ̻㲻ˡ
뵽ͮεҡҡͷԼ쿪ˣĩˣΪʲôԼĩ֮ǰ쿪أ
ԣⳡҵսôûмִӰأִսĻֻⳡսͽˣ
ӵӢˣԼӢ˿֮µĻ΢ЦͮͻȻ޵ĺ컨
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ַӵĻлַ֣ܿ뿪Ļеֻǵʧ䣬ȥҪҪѩԶκ˶ԿֻȥĴŮ
Ⲣעⳡսϣ˳ܹջʤַٴȶ棬ݳҲһʵѡ
ǵСһȫⶼϵַϣַеĵһˣҲΨһһˡ
ǰǣǣҲǣԶǡ
̻֣ʤɥʬǿƴսСӺ¶רעı顣
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̻ˮ͸װģС֪̻ѾʹȫΪʲôʹûأ
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Сǿҵľ⣬ںƽʱڣҲЩϣ֮ǵĹǻϧƽļ󣬵ΣˣЩǲŲͨء
ĳǣһΣʱ̣ҲΪȡյʤԥĶûףЩͨǿǵķ롣
ĩУûж˻Ϊ˿ǡ
ķ˳֮ܽȫĵǿȥкҪһԭ򣬱Ƿ˳һֱеƽȵ
һõȻ䲻ȴջģ򣬸ǿǿʹ÷˳ԽԽǿ
һ̣СĶ˳ǸˣϣԼΪ˳ǵһͨ䣬Ϊ˳Ǿһ΢
Си֪ķ˳֮ǧ˾һж벻˳ǵĴַ㡣
ַһ˵תɷ˳ǵõ˽ִϿɵʱ۵Ϊһֿµһֿѹһѣѹһе˵ġ
Ȼûпַ㣬̻֣ʤЩͨϣСȻַӰӣַڷ˳ϵӡ
Сҧűݣ¶Ҹɫ
֪ԼҸģ޵ǿߵĻǸ˱Ȼַ㣬ַŮˡ
һֱСʼΪַ꣬һҸҲǸΰڤڤעԵ֡
ԽԽҵսСһе˵ִ磬ѵ㲻֪̻Сɱĺ𣿡


372  նСĸ
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һµĪƷƽ۾ӫεӥϣһûַ㣬ĪƷƶַĺҲԽԽˡ
Ҳ֪ĸ׻ַ㣬ҶΪ棬ĸַ֮䲢˭˭⣬˭ʤ˭ܵ⡣
ĸװַܸ㣬־Ҳַ㣬ĩУʧߵ³еٹʤַ㡣
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ĪƷӦҸģӵű˻ҪߵĵͬʱӵŮĽģһĳࡣ
ĪƷƣͶ֮䣬ɢһԾŮʡ
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ĪƷƵĻӥһӫԽԽпѪս˵˫սѾ뽺״̬κһҪʤʮѣַʱֵĻܳŤתս֡
һַǲⳡսгֵģûַİ̻һҲջʤҿҿҪ׼һݺص͸˳ˡ
ַ֮Բ֣һΪиҪȥз˳ǵ밵ܾˣȵͷٰͻȻǰչɱɥʬǿߡ
ȫ˳ǵߺս꣬ȫĵϣ֮Ƕַ㷢ص磬һλ֮ǣٴγΪȫʶĿĴӢۡ
ַ㣬УѾܼĴӢˣûбҪͨһԼĹʡ
ַΪʲôûⳡսܿΪиҪȥĻ󣬿ߵΣǰӦ
Ϊ˳밵ǿ֮䣬˭ȡյʤһδ֪ʱĪƷƱѾó̻һʤĽۣоԱȣ̻һӵ΢ƣһʮҪ
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ĪƷȴΪ̻ȡһַƾЩǿߣȺɥʬǿƴס
ĪƷ˽ַ㣬ַ˿ĮʵȴԼ֪еȥַ̻ѡеˣ·ȻҲַԶ
ĪƷƶ϶̻ջʤû̫֪ǣ̻һǿⳡսл¶ǿƣ̻һҪһҲҲǲܵġ
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һַ˽־ַƷ¥ǱϺǿƣʵܱ֮߰ǵĹϵȴԽԽЩͶ¥ǵϣ֮Ѳ⣬ֻһҲס
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ҲΪʲôԼϲʵʵĪƷ壬߷µԭڡ
ĪƷַ㸴ϵĻӥӣĪƷƵҸҸҲʵ뷨

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һŭűܼ򵥣̻֣ʤһжһһ
Ը˵һСĳ裬̻ҲŮˣ˵Ů
Լүһ˼ҿһжԼȴ˶ԷоԼȱ˵ҪĶࡣ
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һɥʬǿһȴҲδ㣬ɶԷı壬ǱܿԼࡣ
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֮ǵǿڲˣ־ˡ
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ǰæʱ̻һ˵ȥ֣ʤСãһԸǡ
̻˵಻ǰæ̻ҲǼԸˣȻ˵ˣȻаգԼȻǿйȥĻֻ»̻Ĳ졣
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նСȫû˸еɻǣ˳ǿַʼû¶棬δⲻһ硣
˲֪ǣ˿̵ַҲһпսսˣеĽҲŸոտʼ


373  ۵Ķ
ַ㵹ڴͷһͨʹ˯ģеȴĿֲڡ
Ȼʹȥ棬ۿǳĶǵĴսȥˣһʹС
ЩҲǺΣգȴ֪ԼУҪڹ㳡ϻҪΣյĶࡣ
ַڵңΧһңǸɱʹֽĻһҵġ
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ַһ㵵ı飬·𿴵˼飬ϣȻϺϣ飬ȴ֮⡣
ûɱЩʹԼСεʱû뵽ֿԣԼԼˣԸþȻصɱ֡
ǰЩȥʹķŵһ˿㣬µпŮˣȴûвµֻԼ
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Ƕᣬһһǿʹöֶ֮֮Ѳʲô˿֮ö֮أ
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ϸ磬ϸ硭ɵ硭ŻСһ׷ϷĻӡԺУС˺
ַиǸпǧԼǿŶԷһ㳤ġ
ڶԷϣǸܿתµĺۼлµ飬飬һ˵֮顣
һУҪڽսᣬԼҲҪϣԴˣеҲû̫źһԼ˳ªĳβ֣֮һԼغһߣγһҸ
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ַͷܹһߣҲ¶˸֮ɫǸ߶ôǿҲܳĨȥем䡣
ղһ̣ȻʲôŻԵԥַ֪Ǹ˵̫࣬ʱѵľԳ־á
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֪ԼߵһսԱ⣬Ļֻ»ԼȥĿԸһЩ
ȴԸһ˿̣սӦÿҪĻˣò˶ã̻Լ˶ϹַɲǿԼģ
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һսҲյĽԼɱԼɱҲûʲôվѵһ죬֪ɱԼ֪жôģ
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ַҲǹȣ̫սĻַ㲢ûƷԷİգԷֵĻǲȫԸ塣
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ַܿĻһȭһȭţһȭ˵᲻ᣬ˵زأҲܽ˸ᡣ
ȴҲδ㣬һЦܲ˵һȭַ㣬գַȭͷȥ
ȴû˿ԥһȭصĻַؿڣַķɳ˼ʮ֮Զ˿̵ľԼȫ۲ٿأ֮ʱٲ顣
Զַٴλվ˲ǵѪˮѾ˹
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ٴһȭַ壬ŵڵվַ㣬Ǳ֮ɫ
һּ˵ԭСѾͷֻҪץסСѾͷҲ治ˣ
ַǿҵĿ˼۵Ļ˵ĲԼߣĩУһʮֿµģֻҪǣңᱻãпһ㽫ء
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ʶŮ棬̻СĪƷƣͮЩŮЩи֮ףЩİ
ΣץסκһŮвܶԷвȡ
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վΣһйһɱַȴٴȥԼҲаʤľ档
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ַ˳˵ĵطȥһһɢˣַϳˣǰԼڷ˳ڷЩ֣׷һ·˳⡣
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ҲԼϹ˵֮򣬻˵һߣȻ֮ǳĲ£վ֮ˡ
ԼչȻָ߰ԼͬԼĿǰĴҲΪԼͬ硣
һüΪѪȵֶζԸɥʬ࿴ȥΪֶ̫ѪȣֻǴԷ䣬ȴɥʬԸࡣ

˵ҲһĵҲ۵ΪȴᷴԼ˱Ͼ֮ˣ۽ôĹ֣ûɰԼԸۡ
ַЦ벻֮֮УôҰ֮ͽԪһ죬Щ֮ĲǻԪѪծѪصĴۣ
һ̧˵Ȼ֮ˣȴûԪɱһˣҲûСᣬҪСһˣ벻Ҫ󹥻Χ
ݺݶ˵ƣ϶ѵֹɱ𣿡
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˵ϵһ˵Ķעƣ㲻ҪҶ㶯֣
Ҷ֣ڲǶСѾͷ壬ı廹֮򣬾ԸңʩչģҲһٶѵƾҶǼңСѾͷϳȥ
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Ϊʲôٵ̻ĳ࣬Ϊʲǫ̂ͨϺɨһ
һУֱӵĹϵ
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ַȻ벻ƿ壬˵ӦôôмŶԣ۾Ҫƿ壬Ҳûκλᡣ
ڻڵڶ̫ͣ޷ңԶԪռ䣬ƿء
ƿַһ˵㻹ϹеˣѵһΪǸأȴ벻һ۵Ȼǿ̫࣬ƿصСѾͷӳȴҲ˶٣ҲЩΪʲô򲻹Է
ַ㷴ʶԷ˵֮ˣôĸ飿
ַһκˣȻٿ壬ʩչȴֻһ㣬ԶԶ۵ıַΪˣս֮ǿȫ²ڶ룬۶ֵĻҲ̫ܵҡ
ȴԷƽһսԷƿص壬һСĻ壬ͰĪˣһʼ۵սûйƽԡ
һʼаʤԼҲԸ⿴
֮Աǵ˵޴Ϊô飬ֵܿĻȥ𣬾ܻȥҲʼСһɱ¾ĹߣѵԭԼϲӹƿص˿ƴʵǸĴģ
ַͻȻ˵ĶԣУֻһߣûˣԥɱ
ɱҲᱻڿƣʬһ
һ֮˵е
ԼϲӣΪʲôҪڱ˵أȻˣԼҲƿأһɱ¾ҪõĶࡣ
ǰƵȷȫͬˣҲԼûл˼ҪȻҲԼ˵Щˡ
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ССѾͷɣ
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Ǵ˼صˣ඼ˣ֮³˾ۻ굤ûκҩҽΣǲϧðΣգӰӳǿߵƤӵ¶˾ۻ굤飬ʵ˸жȴ֪žۻ굤ܾˣҲܺˡ
ԭ
ַˣԭӰӳҩۻ굤һı
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˭˾ۻ굤ʱ֮ڶɥʬǿԴԴϱӰӳǵԭڡ
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ҪȻӰӳǵĳǹʲôԹϪĴǣڴΪīسɹ棬ӰӳǴеĵز
ʱԼҲ̫Σûж룬һڷ˾ۻ굤֮ȻȴõģҲ˶йء
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ǵ֮еĴ֮ʿһµ˾ۻ굤⣬շȾָۻ굤
ԼȻΪϲԼۻ굤ΪԼΪֵܣΪΪ˲ֵ֮飬òġ
ʵϣûֵܹ˾ۻ굤ջֻҪ˾ۻ굤һʮǿߣƬ֮ͻưΪµĴڡ
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ԼֵܵջȴֵסˣⱾ˵⡣
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ͻȻһ˿Ц˵棬棡
˵仰ٻӰΪһ磬ֱַ㡣


375  
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ˣڽһ죬ַɱ֮򣬽ټ֮Ϊƽء
ʵ֮ҲԪһклˣַȴΪΪ֮˶ԪС
һɱ˫ۣʱ֮򶼽Ϊ˳ܳصĴۡ
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ʱαװᱻʶƣȻûɱֻаԼ׸ˣڣһڰˣ˿ҲûԼĵߡ
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ַ˫͵ؽ˻Уһֻֿһֱֻۣһֻסļͷ
ַ㻳ҵŮޣڲַ㣬屻ַԽԽ
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۲ʧܣʤ壬˫ΪʵĴסַĲӣ͵һʡ
ַ˵ڵأһıŵֱС㡣


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Ҳûܱ⣬崿СŮȻ﹫ֳҵĴӣһƷѧţ֪Ĵ꣬թŴǰ;Ӣꡣ
꾫С˵ñԴϡ
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ഺҲһһװ˵Ŀ󺺣Ҳû˵棬ַǰǼµʱȻ춼û
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Ҳ磬˫֮ȴûκ֮ͬ飬֮еֻĳޡ
ȥֳͳеĵߣһ仰ͿԽеһһ仰ҲԽǸʵһĴڡ
ǵصĲһˣƸȨһҲȱΪһпԶļȥеҲԶǵɫˣҲԶ
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ڱ˿۸ʱֳһҲ֪۸ıңԼڲ˵ʱΪʲôȴоأ
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ʵֲˣֱһ̣֪ԼǸˣȻ÷һ𳤴С
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ôҲĻ㻹ܻѵҿ۰ǰߣ
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ⶼ۸ˣԺû˻ҪˡԴСĪƷƣͮǣôԴҺˣߡˣ
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˵ĹϵѾͻƣַòԲԲ˵СѾͷ컹ûڹС壡


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ҺСʱұϲΧϸתҳȻϲϸһָоСʱҲףҳˣ֪ǰҶİСʱʹˣšǰʾΣϧȴľͷһһֱƣΪʲôôŮϲ㡭
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ķ˳ǣ¼ϽȡͻƵļ࣬ǿߵŲʮ˳Ǳˮǣһսô
̻ģַļͷ˵̻Ҳ̫ģһء˳ǵʳԽԽȱЩ캣ˣҪȻָ⣬Щ캣;޴󣬴Ӽٶֵǧֵĺֶв٣ֻҪǽЩ캣ɱ֮󴢲ٿԻ˳һ뵽ʳΣ
ַ̻Ĵ󵨼ƻסˣǹر˷˳ǣֻ·˳ǵҲᱻˮǣʱķ˳Ǳһˮ³Ǳںˮ캣սһΪǵ顣
ַĿЩֵı캣ִһܣЩĺֵɴʳ
κһϣ֮ǣЩǶ뷽跨֤ԼЩ캣ɱϾһࡣ
ַȴɱеı캣֣ĵô
ַ̻ģȻ˵Уһַһ´˹رշ˳ǵЭһ¡
ĩڣַҰȻģַڻֹаһѣߵģ˶ַһäĿΡ
Ȼǲ׷ʲô£Ȼԥִַ
ΪԤȫǷɧң˵߽ģĺХΪ˷˳ǵİȫ˳ǽҹرռ죬˲Ҫš
˵һַ⣬һ棬లںߵļԱѾ˷˳ǶĺƽֲĲȻַûжԣѾϲ³ôһ¡
£˳е˶صԼķУִڵʿصԼľӪС
˶Է˳ǣ߶ַ̻ģ˷˳ڲûзκζҡ
˹رշ˳ǵ֮˳ǶʼҵĶҡ
ֽϸߵĽ̶ͬһ㣬׷׳˵£һЩеĹ㳡򱻲ϵѹǰС˼¥֮ľҲѹ˼㡣
ڶ̶̰Сʱ֮ڣ˳ǵһСʮ˳ڲҲøӽա
ˮӵϻƯļӲϽڿںһγһ뼦ķ֣ټķ˳ǽС
˳ǹر֮ĵ籩ˣȴԿ˳Ϸ͸ˮ棬ӵˮϳˢ˳ǵˮ֡
󣬷˳ǵϿҲεɫвٺˮеϺСͱ캣ˮ滺ζ
ʱ򣬷˳еľף˳Ѿ˺ף˿̵ķ˳Ҳһµ


383  ;
ַ㣬һô죿
˳о󲿷ŮַΪִ磬ַϵϺõһЩַΪ磬⵱ȻΪַʹ󣬶ʵأ
̻ȴһ⣬һֱȴֱַ֡
ַҲûʲôף෴Ȼ̻࣬̻ԼĴ㣬Ǻ֪ĵֽ㡣
ҿˮڶʱ֮˲˵ģҪóս׼Ҳûʲô£Ǿצ棬Щ캣ֵǿҲѾ˲֮ء
һǽ׸ɳȥϮЩǿı캣֣ȵȺ캣ֵʵ֮ٸϳȥȫ𣬵ĿǰȴҪܿͷǿİצùʹ򣬴򲻹ܣһɱ˱캣֮󣬿ڷ˳ǶһƬգЩ캣ֵʬ
ַİ£Դ߰ʮ׸֣Ż뿪˷˳ǣ뿪֮ǰ̻ٴΪű飬ϣַǷųǴ
۱ű˰ĸǿߣǵĻײ˳Ҳǵһġ
˳屻ˮǣ캣ֶԷ˳ǻűַߵĻʹַ绢
ֱַӾܾ̻飬Ҳ̻ӣűΪʤϧԲַŲǳ
ַһ˸ԵĻףϻ֮ǰԶԶĳַգգۣȫ֮ɫƺַ㰵ʾʲôһͷ˻С
Ҳ˵ԼĻףڵַ֪ÿ֮Ѿͷ͵͵˺ü죬վСŮԣǹšҲͲôˡ
෴ĹϵƺˣҲַŮȻ࣬˵Ҫԣֻ»ŵһַ֮飬飬а飬Ǹ÷һ𳤴
ԼԺĦĻ˭ַ֪һվһģѾͷùϵ
ͬʱѾͷиǰҧССҲ󣬾͵ɣ˭ҪǸԼڶλãԼĲ
ĩУĸǿ˶檣Ϊȥ߻ĸãκһƯŮŹߵǿˡ
ַľǿߣȻƯŮĿ⣬οַ㶼˧Щ˷֣Ư̶ȸǽвٹ·͵Ů硣
ܳϲϣСͮŮ֮Դַ㣬̶ܴΪӻߵˡ
ǱʶжǿߵǲԹ޻ڵ׷ַ㡣
ߣַҲһֵŮϧˡ
Ҳһ㣬ŲҪַŮϾϵԵǿֿɰŮҲǺϲԼӡ
ɷϣַߵŮˣе崿ееģеԸУǶһͬ㣬Ǿ
ҲãСҲãĪƷƣ̻Ҳã磬ҲãǶһȺŮӡ
ȻСԸЩ߰ĪƷƵԸЩƫȻСԸȴЩ壬Ƕһġ
СȴһģһֹϵģҲַԴŮһ͵Ҫ
һŮƯٺã֣һŲ֮ģݺ޶ĻַҲֻжŮܶԶ֮ɱ˶Է
ַߵŮģߵŮĵ֣ʤű룬ҲƷӲĺúӡ
ÿһˣΪȫĵδԼϣǴԼĲֵͬܡ
һȺһ𣬲˽ķ˳ǣһͬļҡ
ַ˻ףĻڶθĽ֮󣬲Դǿ߱ķˮܡ
УڲҲײʹһڣǵԣҲʹˮ£ӳ½ϰٷ֮˾ʮ
Щ׽ӽ˳ڰеˮֵʱЩ׵΢ͣһ£·һͨͻȻˮʱһ㣬Щ׺ܿ㴩˸߿еˮ֣ĺˮС
߿еˮʸżмߵװЩˮָмӲʵתΪģͬҺ
ڵĻ״еˮֵʱ򣬰м̵ˮֱ㿪ʼҺڻ״Һˮ֮ʱ˺Ĵ󶴣ĺˮŷ˳кĹ
˴ʧɫеѺھ˶̶̵ļ֮󣬱˺ѵˮֱԶ޲
ĺˮٴαˮ棬˳ǵĺˮڶ̶̼֮ڣͨ˳ڵˮϵͳŵ档
߰ʮ̨״ˮ֣ĺˮУＸʮľΪЩʿͳõף
ڽеű̾һǱǻײһʱ֮ѡϧַȴǳǽڽкú÷ʡһ¡
Ȼ˽գűȴҶַԹԣҲַ֪ǰϧǣϣǹȥŶԲŭ
һһ磬һҲֵˡ

һͷǧ׵ľ;ֿ˹
ͷ캣־ֵԼһٶʮ㣬֧˳ǵĺִУǰʮĴڡ
צǰҲǴǰһСߣأԼǧ֣ںˮУǰһʯɽһͷײȥҲܽʯɽֱײݱ
񣬷˳Ͽٸ˼ǧĺˮͷ;͹֮󣬿·ķ˳ǣѸٰڶβͣ˳ǵλ˹ȥ
Ȼ˵ͬһȺССϺһ㣬ûмǧ˴Աڷ˳๻࣬ҲԶεġ
ںˮķ˳ǣ;ָûķ˳ѾףǱ캣ֵ£Щ½ϵĺѼܳʲô

쾨ֵıǼƺһӲӴҲɵ΢΢һںˮиٻеľ;ֵҲһͣ
һ̧ͷ쾨ַǰƺһ͸Ĵֹǰ壬ǲ͸Ķ˺ˮࡣ
;ֲȻŭȻֹǰʲôǰʲôȻǲ͸ϡ
쾨ְͷñϽҪ̵ĶԴݺǲ͸ϣǵϣ˳Ǵһ١
쾨ֽǧֵӴ壬β͵İڶ֮£ʹͷ;ַ·һɽѹ״СԴЯ߰ݺݻǵ͸ϡ
¡¡
ǰİ͸ռƺŤһ£峤ǧ׵ľ;ͬһǽϣбŵ˼ףԾˮǧףֺݺݵ˺Уľˡ
;ֵԴͻȻԺȻԴȥǵ͸ϣǵ͸Ϸ·һƽһһҲҽ;ֵ巴˳ȥ
;ǰҷɣԴҲԺͷ쾨Ҳû뵽ǵİ͸ϾȻ˽ʵ
ǰһɽֻҪ;һͷײȥҲƽɽײղŵϣȴһ
ͷ쾨һݣ¼̵ĽֻҪһҧȥҲһҧЩ顣
һǧֵֻҪβһڣͺɵײǰһдڣͷ쾨ָڰצʱǡҲڣΪ˹ˣŲμⳡս
ղһײиʮĻǵϣҪ˵ǵϣ㣬׵ı캣֣ҲᱻһͷײĹǶϽۡ
ǽһײǵ˿δ򱻵ס
໡
;ֱŭ溣涼ҵĻζз֮ơ
ԶһĺֹЦ
;̧ͷȥʮͷһٶףʮı캣ڿЦƺЦֿԡ
;һŭ𣬲ſѪڣʮͷ̽˸У캣׷ɢӡ
Ե˳ЦЩ֮ͬͷ;еŭƽϢһ㣬ԳȺͬ飬ʮҲҳЦñԼԵ
;ֿٵǵ͸ˮ֣㣬Լİ취ǵˮֲУ಻ǳ˵Ǳȡ
ͻȻԶмʮ״СǳɫĲ˹
տʼ;ֻΪͬ࣬Ŀǰ岻ףЩɫȴжʮף˵Էһࡣ
ȴ۾ΪЩ˹ĺɫǺϽģȴʹЩ
ǰļ̨ɫƶ壬ھȻɢϰĹ
;ʱٴУХһЩӭĻס


384  󺣶Ծ
ʿ䣬һȥе׼˾;ֵĺϺݺݿ¡
䣬;ڵıʱһĿĽۣ;ϸ۵ѪⷺȾһƬˮ
˳˰Ů֣ȻʾһȺҲ˵˹㳡Сľ;ֵĺϣеĵݺݿ¡
һϽХ𣬾;ֵıһ˲䱻Ѫģ
໣
;ַŭڲһӵʱֻ;ֵı˺üټǵ⣬ıǱһƬǽ塣
;ֵĺȻѿȴأЩ˵˺ҲƤˡ
˶ͽǧ׵ľ;˵ϵ˾һϱ˼̶ѣıϰϼǧǵ⣬ҲǶ̫˺
Ⱥ׵ĶȻûжԾ;ֵ̫˺ȴŭͷ;֣Ϊװ֮һǰ˷
һŭУ;ֵԴ·һʹ󴸣ڿٵҡ֮䣬һ̨һ̨ײ֮Զ
ںˮУ;ֵײѾҪȻЩ׷ǱײĵɣȻˣȴȻвٻ׵սﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮҡ
ͷ;Ȼ׶񣬵ЩʦȴԽԽ£ַѬ£Ѿӵǿ־Լǿġ
ǲĻױ֮ȴڼ֮ɱ˻ھ;ֵĺٴҿ
ЩĻʦֱֵܿԴɣһȺֻмʮ׵Ļﵽǧ׵ľ;ɱһԶԶȥͷ·һȺȳһֻƴս
ȻǰսԽԽңַȻԹۣûǰæĴ㣬Ĵַûڵ˵磬ͷֿ׶Ҫҹȥǣ
ܲǿģ;ֵǿһһҹҲδվɱͷ֣ǰ˵˶ٴˣսʱҪදӣȴһҲСȥͷ֡
硭ôֶһˡ
Ļû˵ַ꣬ѾŻֱͷ;ֶȥ۾ɵôģַĻײȻɣַôԸͷ峤ǧ׵ľ޾أ
ͷ;̫ˣַеıٷͷ;ֵ϶໮Ӷѣѵа취ڼ̵ʱɱͷ;
ַ׼ոնѾݵ˾;ֵĽǰַ㶯֣˶ǰҲ뿴ַʲôֶζԸͷȻ
ȻַǲһĻףַĻȴϣΪκһ׵ƶٶȶȲַ̨׵ƶٶȡ
һ̨㱼Լǰͷ;ֶʱе˶һֲֿϢżӲĺϽɢ˳д˾޴ѹȸС
;ֵ΢΢һ£ף̨ССĻףΪʲôһرĸоأ
Ȼе˶ԷϵĿֲϢ;Ȼһͷײַ㣬ַͣںˮһҲƺû۶ľ;֡
;ֵԴַĻԽԽвɵ÷һС
Լеһ˲䱬Ǿ;ֵıɱ֮һצϾ;ԴҲֻݱ壬Ҫ˵ǰСˡ
ַһֵʱƶٶƺ죬ַֻ׽ԲأʱԼҪץסԷҲܲס
ڣȻԼĶװᣬԼһͷǸĻеʳ
ھ;ֵԴҪҵַĻ֮ʱ̨ͻȻһȻ;ֵȥˡ
оһ;вɵðЦ
һɱﵣһ޴ԴһݣȻԼˣ
;֮Ի룬ʱΪԴղײЩĻ׵ʱѾЩϴķ
ЩĻ׵ķȻǿ󣬵ԼȴȻ˺Щ׵ǣǸһҧһѷ
ַ;ֵ֮󣬾;ֵͱݺҧȥ
ľ;ǧݣÿݶʮ׳ЩͬŵݺַĻס
̨иٵתţһ˲佫ͷ;ֵļٸݽһѰ׻м;ֶʱʹһ
;иᣬһ棬еľʹܵҪһ棬ڵݡ
˽죬ֻʣԼϽ𴸰Դˣķ֮һ򳹵׻ַС
ھ;һ֮ʣ̨͵ش˳žֵ򢣬ֱԴС
ڴУ̨״Ӿ;ֵԴըɢѪˮУСɽߴľ־ˣӴʬ建ȥ
ַһץס˾ֵβͷԼǧ׵ľ˷˳ǡ
ھֵʬ˳Ͽյˮ֮󣬾ֵʬֻ΢ͣӣ˷˳ǡ
˳ڣĺˮ;ֵʬһ䵽˳еĹ㳡ϣǧֵľʬ֮ҷľҵײʹ˳Ƕҡ
еһСɽȻĺˮһ˳ڶʱһɧ˻Ϊĺֹ˽
˲֪֮ʱ̻ᶨ˳˵ͷȻһͷǧֵľ;֣ѾˣսַնɱģͷֵʬҲȫǵԺĴʳ֮һ
ôһ£ԭַնɱͷǧףǧֵı쾨֣ȫǵ˴һͷ;֣ȫǵ˳Ժüµġ
սʿ׷׳Լķ䣬еʿһиͷԼǧֵľ;֣ԱȻ飬ŽеĴҴ

ˮУַͨڲеĻ˵ֵǣٺõҲҪ˲ǵĻײˮƽڷ˳Ҳ㼫ˣȴӦ䣬סκι޶㣬ֻҪҳǵ㣬ɱǡ
ȻЩֵݿԶԻһ𺦣ֻҪǵٶȹ죬ͿЩ޵ݹ֮ǰɱǡ
ַĹ֮£Ļ׷ͷս
ΪȷԼİȫֻѰЩСı캣ַ֣㣬ЩǿһЩĹ֡
˿̣˳Ѿը˹ı캣ַ׷״Ͽյˮϵ˳еĹ㳡ϣʿսʿȫͷиЩѾıޡ
һЩʮĺӣʮҲ˹㳡ϣʿиЩ캣ֵʬ塣
Ŷѻɽĺʬ壬ȫǵľ϶˾ΥЦ


385  ͮ
ɶ࡭
צа
һʼе׼ԶԶܿлԵ⣬벻ԼɷЩඥǿ߼ԼӣⳡսԼӮúɡ
ĵ⻹ûг೤ʱ䣬еĵǻŭΪϵõҪ鲻Ϣ
צҲȻ֪˵˶ôһ£ߵͬȫˣǿɱࣿ
ʩһּƲߣצҲı˲ԣٹ¶棬Ƕ˰У͵ϮЩȻϹĻס
԰צһʮĹһצȥܽǿ߲Ļ״һսڶݵĽӴսУвٻױצı
мֱ̨ӱצǿֱӲһѷĻʦ򵱳ɱΪ˳һѪԡ
ھʮСʱս֮󣬽ǧͷ캣ֱϮɱ˳Ҳʮ̨ױʦ˸ĺ򣬸мʮ̨أﵽ˿ҪıԵ
սַ֮´л׷ط˳ǡ
Ļ׷˱ˮֱķ˳ǣԼԽԽٵͬ飬צƵԼצԼӵпɽʯ֮βͣݺݳǵˮ֡
ǵˮڰצķĹȻ˿δЦӷ˳ڲϵĴİצһѪ
ھҵŤ֮£צβϵƬ䣬ɫצҲ˵ѪȻ޷ǵ͸ϡ
ˮͷ˳֮ǰצΪԼֻҪһ඼Լצ֮£ϾĿǰһʮеǿ޷Խġ
յĽȴʧ˳Ȼͣȴһˮֵס˺ˮĽ࣬ЩƻʦǱܹרϮͬ飬۽ʧء
ɺ޵ǣЩ֮󣬵ͷܣһӲģ
һʼצܽһټ̨ףЩ׼֮ԶԶܿצƼˣЩһͷ˳ǡ
ȻЩ׿˳ǣצȴˮ裬޷׷ȥ
һսצɫ۾ҲѪ˿ԹĿ⿴ˮеķ˳ǣԼսʿȴ޿κΡ
ص˳ڣַһʧʮ̨ûлռ߷֮һһս˳ǴԼʧʮ̨ףȴɱǧͷı캣֣Ҳȫʤˡ
Ǽʮ̨ܵشĻףڶʱ֮޸ã޷޸ٴȡһЩ»׸ʦҲˡ
ʸżвдĻףм͵ĻװԷ˳˵ȱľǻס
ַƶַϮ溣ֵļƻһγʮ̨ףҹϮɱˮеĺִͷЩٷط˳ǡ
˳˿Զڰȫķ˳ַĺȺȴҹܰϢ֮ڣ˳ջ˼ǧͷ캣ֵʬ壬ı캣Ⱥ˺ܶࡣ
󲿷ֺ־ʤŰצעʱȻˣԭ̰Ĳࡣ
צȴʼûȥȻǸ˳˺ˡ
ַ򲻰İצ£ڷ˳ǻʦҹϮ֮£һܣֱȻɢֻʣһֻצ϶ҧֻҪ˳ڴһצǿҲһ
˳ǵ鷳û꣬һ鷳ַ㡣
人ϣ֮ǵ˾ͮȣڼѯʺ֪Լ밵ʱĳϣ䣬Ѫ֮ͮҲѪ⡣
𿴷˳Ѫû˸ҹܣͮͲˡ
ȫĵֻҪɵ㶼֪۱ַ㣬֮£ǰ磬ϣ֮ǣ˭ַΪУ
ͮŮҲĹ󣬵Ҳ󣬾Ȼѧַ㣬ð֮踣밵֮Ѫ⡣
人ǵشвɭïܣб޼࣬ǿıȴ࣬人ϣ֮ռͼѪҪȷ˳ǻҪ׵Ķࡣ
ټѪȷܾˣܸͮɵŮҲסջ޷˵Ͷ뵽ĩеҵ֮С
人ܱߵʮϣ֮ȴͮѣָ밵繴ᣬ׬Ǯ
ͮ밵ĹУҲѧַİ֮Լ£һǰ֮Ҫ人ǺҪ²˺Ķġ
ϣ֮ȴһУֻǰͮ˵İ࣬ĵҪԷֲֻͮ밵֮ǵЭ顣
Щϣ֮֮ͷΪҵʵԭȴǰжʼͮ밵֮ףд׬ݺҡ
밵Ͼð֮踵飬Щϣ֮ȻҲҵľ޶棬ȴû밵֮ĵǧָ³
ɵǿĲƸˮ˳ǣЩϣ֮˾Ƕʱ۲ˣʼˣƽ
ƾʲôϵǮ人ϣ֮ȥԼϣ֮Ѷա
һҲûʲô人ϣ֮ȴ밵Ľ״ƣ˻ĸԣϣ֮ǣΧĳܲʼɣ
һЩϣ֮ǱԼ̫ΪɣͮݺңͮҲ֪Щϣ֮ǵȷѣЩϣ֮ǲٵݺҽӼǡ
Ȼ˵ǽ裬ͮЩݺҵϣ֮ǵĹǣҲ֪Ǿ辣ݣֻ費
Щϣ֮ǵθԽԽ󣬴һ޶ȵģһδİõͮǮθԽԽ
ͮǴƼңһʮ־ŮԾܾЩϣ֮ǵҪ
人ϣ֮Ǻܸԣ人ϣ֮ÿһݺңҲȫ人ѪǮͮԼҲûȨȫ˵ѪǮȥ޳ܱߵϣ֮ǡ
ͮͬͱ˻Ʒѣܱϣ֮ǵָ
ܱϣ֮ǵָͮк̹ȻԼ͵ѵĩлĺҲЩϣ֮ǵָҲһЦ֮
ͮӣܱϣ֮ǵĹڷŭˣǰͮǰӼǵ˸һɶ
֪˭һͷʮϣ֮ǾһҪһ人ǡ
УЩǹȥϽ人ǵĽӼãΪ人Ƕ˸ǵĽӼö߳ŭģϣ֮人ǵĲƸڽ人ǵĹзһȲġ
һЩ޳ܵϣ֮ǣǾ人ǽԶ人ϣ֮ûκξףͮҲû˿ĦȻַͮĴС
Щϣ֮֮ΪǺͮ人ȴܸԣ²Ϊ棬ҲҪ人ǣΪҪ人һƶŸġ
ǧٹֵɣΪ˸ԲͬĿģֵ֧ˣͬʱ֮ҲΧ人ǡ
֮ǵҲǺ֣ܳҲǲ人ݺңΪʲô人ǲѪǺȲѪ人ʲô£
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֮ǵ˵ԼԸ˳һʶ人ǵΪ̫۸ˣǾܾʹ˰ݡ
ͮҲЩϣ֮밵֮ǵǿǵһ仰ſǵǾĸ֣Ӳ
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˳ǹرһĵֱһ֣צٴɱʱ˳ܲٴιرա
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צһݣܹޱȵһ
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һڼļ𣬰צĶצʱѪˮ磬β͵̧𣬺ݺݴַĻϡ
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צֻצץͱϵʯƴĳԼ壬ͼӻغˮС
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צҪȽҪӲھҵײ֮£ľʯҵķ顣
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ڰצʬ֮һ̨ɫĻһһͬʱ̨ס
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ǵģʤˣһ仰ܴһУΪַ㣬˳ٴӭʤ
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Ϣ˼СʱַҪϸ人ǡ
ȻҪһȥַϴ人һ££Լȥ人ǡ
Ϊ˲˱ˣַҲܾһȥ人ǵҪ۾䣬ַȻɿ
ַ˷ʱȴֲ֪ʲôʱѾ˷С
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Ȼ֧μǵĿȴʮֵһ£ǾǴ人ĲƸ
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387  Ϊ
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Ůʱ̣Ϊ϶źÿŨױ֦չģԼǰһЦǲ˼
ϵͨױеȴһֹϵġ
ͮǷģԵŮҲܵĸȾҲú
ͮ˿ɫнȥҲĳΣգŮٵҲ¶һ˿οЦ⡣
ǵ˾þûĵЦˣԴһǰԶƽΪ׵ϣ֮Ϊ׵İ֮ǺΧ人ͮʮŮҲûЦ
ȴЦˣϸǹŴЦݣ·һ̣µĴ󽫾һͨСŮ
죬üչͮڴһصĵ绰֮϶ųչʩչѣķ
죬۾ȴϲüҵϲá
ֻĵ΢Ц˻ŮԼˣһСŮһֵҫ飬ϲ˿佱һʱеĴ顣
ŮٵȴЩãͮǻϣ֮ĿŮǿˣ˱˳λ˾ֻȫĵŮ棬ʶĿˡ
ݾĺѩȻҲһλŮ˾򣬵ݳֻһСǣԶ人Լķ˳ᲢۣͮҲΪȫĵڶŮǿˡ
ͮĸŮӣܱ۵˼٣ʲôͨһ绰Цտϻɢأ
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ͮһҵŮУԼҵ˿ȰĵλҪͣ人ǴչȭţǳȫŮеİ
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Ҳ֪人޷סǸ˵ģԼҲ뿪人ǣҲԼԷԶ߲һΪʹԼڱźԥİԼǸˡ
ڰԼǸ˵ʱֻԼϲϲǸˣвûҪֹϵҪǸպԼ
ʮϣ֮ʮ֮ǺΧ人ǣ人ҲŽһΣЩزʶϣ֮ǳûҪϴ人ǣȥԼܵ人ǾǣҲһˣͮЩ֪롣
ϾһʮŮӣΣͷҲҪһ죬Ǹ˴Ƶ绰
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ЩǮҲڷѻ·Ǯ
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人ǵүڳ֮ļǿͼı죬ͼȾָ˾һְõ˾֧֡
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ַͻȻеǰһлƣЩϣ֮֮Χ人ǣڱ人밵֮໥ᡣ
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388  ܸ޳
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һ棬֮ϣ֮ŵ人ǵʹҲţһ人ôҪַĸ⡣
죬ɥʬʹܾͮͮˣԼȥǣҲ֪֮ϣ֮ҪԼĿʲô
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Щϣ֮ûʵĽ£ڸһ̰Ļ֮ģʵĿĲڷѣ·ѣôѣԼһеķãҪ人ǽԼһ󲿷ֽǻӻ
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֮ڷ˳ڣû̫òĿⶢʵزҪΪ˳ǱŮıࡣ
ҷ˳ǵǴ󲿷̻ľɲֶ̻νȫǵˮ֮У˳ǵǿǵĿ⣬ֻ޵ĳ羴밮
ڷ˳Ƥӵ𽥳ɲģĺܶѾԾİԼŮˡ
˸ڷ˳ǶеŮڳĻˣôĵط֮ϲĵطǷ˳ǡ
ͮȻעӣصŮЩ˵ĿǶôĲ⡣
ͮ޹£ϣ֮ʹУ˵ĿⶼƯŮϣַԵıˡ
ͮ촽˵λʹЩҪң֪ʲôҪ£Ҫ˾
ͮ㲻Ҫװ㹴ᰵ磬˵񼫣˾ȴһλڹĻᣬֻҪһóǧݺТǣǶƽϣ֮ǾͲƽЩ޳ܹ
зݣ人ƣԼ⣬ҲҪǺУ
人ʱһ½Ӽǵϣ֮ݺңͷȴ˲һϸ¸ɴͣԮ֪㲻ԮǣǵĳЩ˶ɱģ޳ܵɱ֡ҲҪնƽǵı׼ֻҪŵһǧݺңͳ
ϣ֮ǵȶƽ٣ȻһǧݺҸƽҲܵ׼
ϣ֮ǵʹǷ׷׿ڣ֮ǵʹҲʾһ֮ǵʹ˵ͮƾʲôֻѪٻǣݳǣȴǣǺѪôˣǲû人Ѫǣ人ǣʱȹ人Ѫ
ҲҪݣٻһĴ
ݰٻ֮ʲôԺ人ǲҪṩѪҪԶԶڰٻݳǵļ۸ṩǣҪȻǾưոݡ
ַаŭЩǿɥʬĻ˵ԽԽ޳ˡ
Ѿͷ˿ս֮⣬ٹı飬人ǣЩ˵Ļʱ֮ϣ֮ǵʹ޳иŭˡ
ַҲŭգȻҲѪ⣬ϵ˾սȴûκ֯ҴҪ
죬ܱߵϣ֮밵֮ǾȻһѵΪͮǸŮˣǱΪԷ۸۸
Щϣ֮һָͮ밵繴ᣬһֹߣѵͮԼݺ͸Щϣ֮֮밵֮⣬㲻밵໥
Щϣ֮ǣǰͮǣӼǵʱһлֶ˵ͮԼѣǾȼõʱ򣬾ȻЩϣ֮˲Ȼŭ
·ͮȼǾȻֹͣȼǱɥĲֹͮͣ˶ǵľȼãǶǵϴɱ
Щϣ֮ϣ֮һ人ǡ
⵹ַĩǰһЦһĵ꣬ÿ춼ȼԼſڲԶһؤ
һʼһؤһԪ
ڳ֮ľȼһԪʮԪ
ֹһ꣬ľȼñ㽵˶ʮԪؤ̲סеɻ󣬲ѯôһ£Ϊʲô˸ǮԽԽ٣
Щ˼ĶؤһС
ǰոչûҲϸߣÿŻȼؤһԪ
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ٺ˻飬˺ӣѵķþ͸ˣÿֻóʮԪȼؤ
ؤЩŻȻһԭί
漴ŭָźƿڴ˵һ׷˵ǧԣƾʲôӵǮȥźӣ
ַΪЦЦԶܷʵУɽ죬ȴ人ǼЦķ档
ĩԽԽпᣬ人ɱĹҲԽԽ٣ֱͮ밵Ѫ⣬Ϊ˳׬˴ʽˣ人ǾҲת
ĩУһгϦ䣬人Ǿ²ٳԺȣҪһЩƸԹѵʱɣ
µ人Ȼսǧ𣬵űļ٣ܹõѪҲԽԽ٣ʱǵӱԶԶǰˡ
ͮĵٺãҲҪȷ人ھ˶һЩϣ֮ǵԮ
Щϰ˽ͮԮˣȻȻıΪͮΪռǵĲƸһ人ǡ
ݰ֮ǵ˾ٻ֮ǵ˾䣬Ƕ˺ĳŵ˳ǲ⣬人Ҳһ㡣
ϵ飬褴ƸǣһԸһԸⰤ
Щ֮ǾȻʼɻ䣬Ҫǿǿǵȷ̫人ǵ£Ҳ̫Լ̨ˡ
ϣ֮밵֮ǵʹĭɵ˵һ֮󣬶ĿͶͮ뿴ͮӦ
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ϣ֮ǵЩʹǹͬעͮȷָͮĽڣҲ뿴ΪԼѡ
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ַ⻰֮Ҳͮһ仰Щϣ֮еЩϣ֮ǵȻǴΪţŷ人ǵġ
񰵺֮ǵɥʬڳ⣬ȻЩϣ֮ǵˣڿ밵ƲǾӦ밵֮ǴһܣٴӵҲӦ
ַ¶˳֮⣬뿴ЩԲ˵
Щϣ֮ǵʹһң㣬֪һС
˵ͮ밵֮˽֮ͨǣԼ밵֮ǵʹǹһʲô
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һɥʬǿҲ˵λ˵Ĳǰ֮ǲɱģⱻ人Ǽ˱ˣ人ǵڰ֮к˱ˣΪǲŷ人ǣǽĿֻ人ǣʿ
޳ܵ˼޳ܵ޳ܵеٵˣǵһμ֮ϣ֮ǱУǽȴһ۳ѹ人ǡ
Ĵ۾ͻȻһɣ޺޵Ŀ˵磬˵ϻ˱Ǹ޳𣿡


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׻˵ۣҿɥʬе޳֮ͽضˣ
δ䣬еɥʬǿǿǷŭĿ⣬ȫ䵽ַϣи˳޵Ŀ⡣
ЩϬĿ⣬ƺҪΪһֱ䴩ַ塣
Ŀ֮£ô۾Ļӣֻһ˴˿վûУַȴһںı顣
ղŵĻǽǰɥʬǿһˣֵȻı飬Ǹˣ¶Է
ʲôˣЩǰѵα˵𣿡
СΪͮ㣬Ϊڰ㵱ǹʹأ֮˭֪Ů˸Ͳϲˣ㲻ҪΡ
ɵðһҲֵǰҫ
Сٸǰӱ˺壬ȹϵѪ
ַһ仰Ⱥ壬ɥʬǿߣǿߣַ仰ŭˡ
Ϊͮǹװˣ֪ߵغСƭأĸԸıǹʹ
ȴ֪߰ˣ˷ͮ߸ϵŮǿߣѾַƵŮˡ
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ҲԼмＸҲҰôǿǰ̴̵˵ĻôǿǰǵŰѽ
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Ȼ˶ǺǵˣԼܶԶ֮
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ȴ֪ǰ人ǵĹϵжһô˲ѻȸͬվ
˫˺һᣬһͻȻվַָ˵ղ˵ϵ޳ҲǶƽ𣿡
ϣ֮ǵʹųһԼһвˣҳǸαˡ
Ǹαڶƽϣ֮ǣƽϣ֮Щϣ֮ʵǿһ֧ӣһαҪԿͷˡ
ʮϣ֮ǣʮƽһұռ߰ˣ֮һ֧ӣһڶϣ֮Χ人ǣҲжƽоƴġ
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ЩʹǱϿŽᣬȴϣԼͬ鵹ùַùĻҲʮԸ⿴飬ǵͬҲ⡣
֮ǵʹǣҲŲ⿴ֵı飬˵人ȻԽԽá
֮ǵʹȻ人ǣͮȴ԰ǿ䵭ĺܣ̸ǵĴҲԶԶЩϣ֮ʹ
ղͮ˵ĻйĶʹֵ˼УǺ޲人Ӳƴһͬھ³
ַһ¶һĺѧ׷Լ˵ǻʲôƽǵʹ˿Ѿ
˵˲֪ߵغĻͻĺҡ
ƽʹո˵仰ַ΢΢һѾ˽ǰһȭƽʹûзӦַȭͷѾк˽ȥ
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Ϊͨ࣬ȴɱ࣬ⲻò˵˵һ漣
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֮ʹһаԾ裬˼ַͻȻ裬ǰɱǡ
Ⱥϣ֮ǵʹڷŭˣȻǰֻǿ֣һȴŭڡ
ϣ֮밵֮ǵʹȻֻһٶˣ人ڣǵǿϺüҲ人ǽĶ֡
նʹǧȻ
ĩ֮󣬸ϣ֮ǱһС͵Ķϣ֮֮䣬Ҳؽս˫նʹĹ
ĸϣ֮ն˶ԷʹĻڵվסţΪǧָĶͽЩ人ǣǸǴűϣ֮ǵϡ
ЩȻ黫ȴҪȻҲ人ˡ
죬ַɱ˶ƽǵʹڴʹǼĬĻַϷŹǣڵϣ֮ҲŹǡ
ǺˣȻɱƽǵʹ
人ҪֵܶˣҲã人ڣƵ첲šȣ־ͰȫɱˣǵĴٳ£׻人ǣгɳΪᡭ
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ַһ˵ϣ֮ǵʹǶʱеǰЩӦ
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ַȴ赭дѸղʹɱһ£˵˫֮ľף¸人޹أַĻĻǾ人Ҳ
һʹЦЦ˾ѣɱƽǵʹ˾ɱƽǵʹʲôͬ𣿡
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ЩʹǵĶʱȥԼǻˣԼֵܡ
ǰҪϮɱǵԼǵĸĸĻǵԼĸֵҲֻ
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ǵĸĸԼֵʲôϵ㱾ɱ޹ʲô£
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ЩʹǱһŭ죬ȴˣҪȻҲ˵ӲĻԼҲǲԼѡ
ַ˵ɱɱǵѣԼĸֵܣǾҪҵˣһûʲôԭҲˣʲô鶼ĳֻǣղɱƽǵʹ人ûйϵ
ַ㲻ɵðԼҿԼ人ûйԼݣҪȻԼ˵Ļᱻ˳ЦԼսĨڡ
ڣԼȴΪΪƵЩпԣһ£ԼҪô˵


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ַһʣЩʹǶɵۣǳַɱʹ֮˽£ºƽͲܰ人ǵȥ
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һӳ죬ֻԼǾΣˡ
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ȴû뵽人ͻȻһľɫ˸ǼΪѲһԼһ̸һʮѡ
һʹ˵飬Ѿɹʶ˾밵֮⣬Ǵ治ȫΪ
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Щϣ֮ǵʹƴάַ㣬ͮĴ۾ʱ˺ÿҲЦ⡣
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ַҲΪ΢΢һ㶣ԼǰûĸؼΣȴû뵽ԼڻĸһȻţԼֻԼһ£ͲһܵΧ
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һʹߵ˵˼ֱǿʶսô밵֮⣬ѵսȱǮȱ˵ز𣬾֪˳밵֮һ۵ˣսûаϵ
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ַȻԼĹ۵㣬һʹŭ˵Ҳ֪սʲôޣǰսˣҲò˵㵽Ŀǰ˵ģսĻ˵һȭԴ
ʹ첱Ӵֵģַ㲻΢΢ЦַĻֻЩͿ
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ƾսˣֵܾ;ưոݣ
ַ㲻ϵıԼЩʹ򲻶Ϊ磬¶ʹŭڣжѹƲ֪еķŭγΧסַ㡣
һԣ֮еһɥʬǿ߶ߵͬ˵ַǿ֮еλ󣬵Ȼð֮踣ڮַ㣬һַⲻޡ
ַҰĴУȻַĵˣǵ˵ĵ˱ǵѣҲǵѣһЩǿҪ˶ɱ˵ĻһԹۣ


391  Ҿַ
ַڿ˵ַۣ۱ַ㣬Щʹٰϣ첱ӴֵΪַ⣬ַжʱúܺЦ
⵹ԼƴԼĨڣƴΪԼ˵һ㣬ԭԭԼƷǿ󣬻˰
ҲǱˣַҲϤҲ֪һЩ˵ƽ¼ַۣһɣղλֵҲ˵ˣַ밵ҲԭίҾͿԸǣַôϣһɥʬʳѪ£ټֺ࡭
밵ԭǣֺɥʬַɥʬǲֺ飬ǻǵĴ𣿡
ַĻҲֻڳһʵʵ˵
Щʹ֮УһĿеżַ밵˽⣬Щ
ǰƯһ˵пʼ˼һЩ֮ǵɥʬʳѪĻǱ㲻ĴУ벢ֺɥʬȻҲ㲻ϱȫ档
һʹͷ˵λѵĿӦǱˣַ֪밵ĻҲΪ棬Ҳ˵ˣսֻ벻ʳѪİ֮ǺȻս˵Ȼ뱳ȫ೶ϰϵ
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ҲΪַΪǱȫΪͮ˾ΪַҲһޣϸִ˲ʳѪİ֮ǺĹ涨ǸղŵĻӦҲ㲻Ǳȫͽ֪˵⻰Բԣ
ʹ׷׵ͷַĻ˵ĲȻַ밵㱳ȫ࣬ͮΪȻҲ㲻ϳȫˡ
Щ˱ַͬ˵漴뵽Լϣ֮人һҪǧݺҵҪԼͮΪǱȫĻԼڳеΪʲôأ
Լͬǰ˵˵ԼڵĳУ񲻳թСˣ人ͬܺߡ
һЩϣ֮ǣǰ֮ͮ人ǷΪ人밵⣬ΪͮǵԮ
߳ŭ֮£ϣ֮һ人ǣһ㣬Ҳͳ˶𱨵Сˡ
¶Ҫڣͮ밵ô˵ǲ̫ʵ飬ɥʬȻų֮ģЩϣ֮ǲ人ǹᰵΪȫΪв人ǡ
Щϣ֮ǵĿҲҪΪȫ࣬ҲΪҪ人ǣΪʹԼ󻯡
ҪȻֱӹ人ҲˣЩʹʲô
ַĻģֱָЩʹе뷨ǲƤʣΪȫͽĽΪԼĲˡ
ַ⻰˵оݣְԼǣУʹЩʹѷַĻ
ַͮ밵֮⣬˵ַ밵֮Ȼָͮһ밵⣬Щʧˡ
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һҪǧݺңʮоʮڵݺңͮӦǵҪĻֻ人밵Ǯǵǵġ
˵Ǯ人ǺóóͮĸԸҲԼȻŮȴҲ˱衣
ͮĿһ˵ԭֻû٣
ʹһĿͮȴ˵ȻĬĻ
ЩʹҲף人밵֮Ľδػȫ棬ҲǷֲǷǣЩ£һϵЩ˵棬Ǳ
˵ڣǱ㲻人ǽƾļʮв人ò
ַһ˿ɱ˵ԭνĳһȺҽåɣȻұܶԴԹۣ
Ϊ˭ɱǣҲɱǵˣƾһֹ֮ļʮ𣿡
ݲ人ǲһĴ𸴵Ļ人Ǿ͵űնɱɣ
ַͻȻ˵ѵΪĲƾԼһ֮ɱļʮ𣬵ҽȴҪһԣ
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˵ַ澭һССһ࣬ѵǰŮѵǴ˵ɱ˲գ۵Ů
һЩʹƵͨϵͳԼϣ֮ǣǰַƬͨߴ䴫
Щ˿Լϣ֮дϵʱƵֲɵò
Щʹвǿߣɱ˵ʱ˫ҲԵȶ˿̣еƵȴ·ԼʹǵֲĲ
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սˣְС˲人թ˾ǵ˾ġ
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ʹһʹļ׵ģĵĶַ㣬ͮʾҪʹǰǡ
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ЩʹҲ人ǣһ߲Լͷϵ亹һ뿪иǸоַԼʴȵġ
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һЩˣ֮ǰ˵ͮһʮǿˡ
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ǸǿصɱϵˣڰͮϾ˾һְ֮ٴʧˡ
μʮϣ֮ǺΧ人ǣ֮ǰҲ۹й˵飬ȥЩϣ֮ǵĹһΪͮǸǿҲܶʮĴκεӰ졣
ʮĳ֮£ǿǿҲһ죬Щʹǲ֪ͮǸ˾Ȼǻսַ㡣
˵һˣƾԼһ֮ŤתƵĻǸ˱Ȼַɣڵַ֪վͮһҲȫġ
ַŮ޴顣
вʹ뵽֮ͮԸ밵֮Ѫ⣬һڰеõַ֧֣人ǵѪıϰսַͮͮϲԵӲ
ЩʹԽԽǺ£ȴַ֪㲢ûֹ֧ͮ밵֮Ѫ⣬ٴ֮ǰ֪ͮѪ⡣
ҲûʲôַͮŮˣַŵạֻ̊́аһԼϡ
Ҫ˵ͮûʲô飬ַҲһ
ϣ֮ǵʹȫȥ֮ǵʹɵۣȻΪַĳˣΪǻ裬ȴû뵽˱ַ㱾
һ֮ǵʹַͮ˹˵ǣ
Ȼַվͮһ֮ǵʹҲ֪ԼвͮȶԷǵͼṩѪˡ
ַͲһ˵ˡ
ͮŮˣȻַ˹ȻվŮһߣԼ͸人ǴﵽԼҪĿˡ
ȻˣԼ人ʲô
ַȻ
սĪǰɣ
¶ˡͮЩļһȫ֮պҶ人ĻǾڳͷϿǵԴԸЩ֮ǡ


392  ĴŮ
ǡǸҶ֣ǰ֮ǵʹڣǽսʿģ
ַҪԼץʮ֮ǵʹ׷״ЩɥʬǿַԵģеĲʿȴЩò⡣
չ人ȨЩʹȴûȨǣЩʿϲ¶ԥ֮ɫ
ͮ΢΢Цһִģ人ڣִĻҵĻ
ƹļʮʿɥʬǿ͵س˱ݺݽѵѵЩ֪ߵغʿǳһ̣һģĺӰЩɥʬǿǰ


һϱ˵ɥʬǿ߶ʱԴеȳĺѪζ
ʧȥԴɥʬǿȺ󵹵أǾĺѪ˸ĵذ塣
еʿǷ׷׽кãַղŵĶ̫ˣֻ΢΢һɥʬǿ߼ͬʱԴ򱬣Щɥʬǿߵʬ嵹صĶҲǼΪ廯һ
ַ㣬Ҫʲô
һɥʬǿߴ˸ƣֹɥʬǿҪǰƴĶԼһзĻַֻԥĻɱа֮ǵʹ
ղűʹУǿߣǵ֮ǿַǰҲ㻹ֵضûС
ͬҪĻҲղͬһ³
ͽϴɥʬǿѾַǵ̬ȣȸղŶʹʱҪǿӲĶַ࣬ɱǣҲ̫ԥ
ַУϣ֮ǵҲ࣬人ǵìжڲìܡ
ֵܴܣֵ֮ìжվֵܣϹͷŽء
ЩɥʬǿһˣǶУַǾɱɥʬκʽ̸еġ
ɥʬߣԼֻɱȥɱ仨ˮ
ɥʬϣ䣬ﲻһǴûгŵټɱ࣬ЩУȻûʲô˵ġ
ַ뷨ͮҲЩɥʬǿֵ߱ʮ䵭ֻǳòͮûнסЩɥʬǿߡ
ַȴٺЩֻҪ϶ЩԼĵˣԥĻɱԷ
ԼסЩʹǵв磬人ǵĿҲǺܴ
ڳɥʬΧǵʱЩʹƵͷǵԴȫʱĻһܾʡ
ɥʬǿߵԴƤһӳͷϹ䵽ϵʱƱܺݺݴʿʹиеü
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ͿɥʬôˣʶȤĻܹߣȻٺҲûˡ
ȻִԲĻԼͺݺݽѵԷ
ʹصӪʱѲߵһϽԶԶǡ
ϽЩʹ人ǵʹǴкѯǣǼȻ뿪人ǣǲ񣬱Ƶͮò
Ϊ׵һʹһε˵صָӲ˵ɡ
ڶ·֮£ͮЭĿԺܴѲߵϽŻѯʡ
ʹԼ人ַ㣬һβӻǱģһɵ֪࣬Ӧ
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ѲߵϽûע⵽Щʹεģͽϴʹ˵ָӲ˵ΪЩʹ̫ϣԸǰй¶
ѲߵĽһЦ˵λһһ䣬Ƶ人ͮǸСǩ˳֮ˣһλֵܵʹ͵ʱ򣬲ҪչһСܡ
ѲߵĽ˵ͮôԵ人λŮ˾ʱЩʹϵıӹŹ֡
Ȼַ֪ͮŮˣѲߵĽȴеƺͮΪСǣ⻰ַĶĻֻϣ֮Ƕסǰˡ
ЩʹҲ˵ʲôǳָӲĴȥ
ЩʹߺѲߵĽҲоղŵһĻЩ죬Ҳ΢һ˿ƺԼʲôط˵ˣȴ˵
ʱָӲЩʹǰַ人ǣȫվͮһ˵һ顣
ϣ֮ǵľ˾ڵõϢ֮оʧ벻֪Ƶģģдʧɫġ֮ʲôģС
ǰǾͲ²ͮ˵ʵݣ˸һΪ˿̨ͨϵսǿߡ
ȴûϵվͮ˾Ȼǻսַ㣬һӵĴڡ
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һľ˾˵ַɱħɱħݺɥʬ˸ҵһΣֻ˱һ·ˣֻϣַ㲻Ҫǲźá
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ʱƽϣ֮ǵľ˾վһɱ˵ֵ˱
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η˱ϣ֮˾϶¶˲֮ɫ罭֯Χ人ǵʱлеʮֵĸˣΪι壬Ⱥ¶ǡ
ʮϣ֮һ人Ȼֵˣ人еϣ֮ԣһ人ǣǾͿԷֵսƷˡ
㲻人ǣֻҪʮϣ֮ǵĴ人һڣҲܽͮѾͷŵ㺹ֱ
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˺޲鳷ѼڣϾַΪʮֲǵΪԼĻ±Сơ
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һεľ˾ɷ죬ΪǸˣһǹַ۸಻˵ɥĲ綼Źȥ۶Ű
ҿһ룬ǵһ׺֮ͽպǺùӳǽɢձȻַƣʱһú
һϣ֮ǵľ˾һ亹
ȷַ˲гۣ㰵ɥʬǿҲɱĿ಻ԡ
ȥڷ簵֮ǵ۶ôŰ費һҲַϡ
񰵺ǿĳϣȥҲַնȴҰַô²˺Ķġ
ַȷʲôǵ
һ˾ʽ˵֣˵Ǹô죿
˶ԼĻ˵Ķģ޲˵ַ׺̰ѾǲȥħҲŹǣǶֵĻʱ˵ȫħ֣֮ǵĲƸǵŮҲɫħԴУһ
֣Ƕģ˵һô
ַ֮ǵĽǣаǿߣɥʬһ𷢱人ǣͮǼַǸħ
밵繴ᣬⲻ̫ðɣ

ַϢͮȴͻȻƿŶ롣
ͮɫװ˵Ķȱ¶һ˫ĴȣϸһЦ绨ֵģ
ͮ⸱ģ£ģԼ
ַ̲סЦĴŮôһϹҵ۾
ͮ⻰аķȭصĴַĻϣĵ˵˵Ů֮࣬ʲôҿִķ˳Ƕɡ
̻Ͳ˵ˣ£࣬磬ҵĸǹɫ㣬̬򷽵˼ɫֻΧߣҪһǰҪ۶˰ɣ
ͮȻ˼ɫһ˱ϾȲԼߵһȺŮַ㵱Ȼ̹ϴ£ڵַЩõŮǾ֪ǵĻġ
ôܱȣ̻ƯһֱҵĽ㣬࣬һֱǵǺܺõѣѣ˵ɫ̬򷽣ǵĴŮһָ
ͮЦǰѩ׵СãĲǺϽַ㿴ʳĴ󶯡
˾ַİŮܹ˪һǧ֮ģԼŮˣȴĮ
ִ磬ںҿģҾͲ˵̻λˣ֪ռλá˵Ҳϲ˵ҲţҪȻҲߵˣ


393  Ů
˵ѾͷѽȻʱƢãȴһĵСѾͷ˲ŶкøУȫͬŮӡ
ͮͷȤʵкβͬѵΪҲ𣿡
ѾͷֻҪһͺܿģҵʱ򣬸ǴƯƯԵŮȥġһҲеܷɣҾߵԭ򡭡
ѽȻ˵һ𲻿ģҰԼ㣬ȴңûģ
ͮҧűݣһõ˵˿̵һı飬ھи߸ϵŮģˡ
˿̸һͨŮԴףʼɣᷢɰСƢ
ַ̾һ˵ûǸ˼ֻǾã㲻˵ѵĻһһЩ
ֻҪʵʵ˵ôҪ˵ˣ
ԼߵŮȽϣҪ˵֮˭ƯߵŮƯô˵ֻҪ˵һŮƯƱػһȺŮģⲻһشˣֻκ˶شˣ˵ѵĻȴۣѾͷ߽һЩ
ҵ֮ԲߵŮȣⲻȣԱΪԼزı㣬᲻÷СãĲ磬¸࣬ŲЩŮȽϰɡʵɰԸŮУֲֻԼŵ㣬ŻԱɣŵŮȻκŮȽˡ
ַ̾һ˵벻һţ˲ˡﲻΪ˵Щɣ
ͮϲ̵ҡҡͷ˵ȻǣԴӱϴα۸֮󣬼ûϵûµʱҷҲС
ڱСµʱ㼰ʱ˹ҪȻұһӡִ磬ȻƷôڳֵʱȴĺܿᣬҲŮԭڰɣ
ַܲͮ⻰Լܿᣬòƻкܶŵ㣬ԼƷǼǿôѾͷͷֲأ
ͮһתǳɫȹӭչĵһЦ˵ÿ𣿡
ջأ
ţ⣡
Ҿͳ㡣
ַ˵仰һѽͮ˻ڡ
ַͮĲӣһ˵˭˭أŮǶ˵һҪƯһָ˭˭أ
ͮ⻰ȻǴţȻһַʱСŮڴϣʹüҧֱð亹
һΣȴСһַһ
ַָͮƽСزϵĸַͮ㻳⻬ڿַϣһһݵҡš
ַľͮĺ棬УҡεĽ࣬ҡ
һСʱȥˣ˼սСʱȥˣȻսַɫȴЩ԰ס
ַȻǿսܼЩòûⳡŮⲫռ̫ƣַձͮȴвʼ
ַֻбӦսСʱȥˣַٴձ
˿̣ͮ㣬һַ̱㻳У¶һ糺֮ɫ
˿ҲٴνˣȻȻЩȴ֫ĵַĻдڴϢ
ϵʱһ̴ٵĻս㺹н˴սͮĻ˵һԼлַĳ͡
ַײһҹԼ֪˶ƣСѾͷԽԽθڣԼ˸İõ˰ޡ
ԼͶĵܣ˵󣬷ԼˣߣȴԼǰװܺߣûˣ
ͮϴ˸裬һȹװϸһŮģ˲һͬȥ˾
ַڳͮڼ滤ʹߣȻҪҡ
ھ֮Уֺͮ˪һȻַģ
ͮһׯϵģַѰҹǸ޴¦ԼһﲻͣĴڳ͵СѾͷϵһ
ϣԼһλŮĸ߹Ů㺹죬ַоȻһ˿ҫС
Ȼַ˴ϱ˻ŮҲӦһӵɣ
ַ㲻ɵðͮԼӵйŮȽһСӺݻˮΪϲ˿һеŮ
ǱһԶͮڴ֮ͥһʥַϣȴһȱӻҰŮ
ĪƷƣǸҰҺޣԸŮ
µһԼһʱҲû̫ɬ֮ɫ¸ҵĿȥӭԼİ
ĪƷƵͬʱл˶еϸۼԼŷ˵ģҲַһҪԭ
Ů֮УͮΪѲѾͷַֽͬʱһģַĶ£ʱҲоԼѿŮ
ͮıػ־ŮԸԺȻĺܺãȫ˼ϵԼϵСȣȫȻ෴Ů
ͮŮȻһ㣬ȴҲǸĵŮһŵ㣬ֵַԹ޻ڵȥغˡ
Ҳ˴ϣַͮĿЩ֣֪ǲҹ﷢ʲô
۾ע֮£ַ㲻ͷиһĸС
ͮԵļϣ֮ǵ밵֮ǵɥʬ𣿡
һʮ꣬üĿϽһ˵˾Ļϣ֮ǵǰɥʬӶûˣǰڳӪأǵ人Ǹˡ
ʲôΪʲôЩϣ֮ǵʹǲ˵ǻȥ֮󣬻Ȱǵĳ˱ôĴǵĳԽԽˣѵִҲˣ
ͮϬҴഺâһɣĽϽͷ
ͮԵŮٳûݸͮһ纯
ͮһۣźǶƽǵľ˾ַͮʺã˶ַͮĳ羴֮顣
ź󼸾˵ǵðַͮ˼мʮʿȴַͮ㰵밵һ¹ڻеʮַŭ
θǴʮϣ֮ǵȫʿҪͮӪ⼸ʮ˵ףܹƽ͵ĻζԹҲȫľĸ
ͮźݵʱַǲ¶һ˿ЦǸƽǵĽι治ǸʶʱˣźԼ人սˡ
ͮźʱ򣬲ϣ֮ǵ֮ҹ˱仯سڽεĹĶ֮£Ȼǿ人ǡ
źԼս뿴ԼҲҵᣬԼȥĻǱй人ǵĽˡ
ͮϵĿдһ˿ãԵŮ˵ӦӵİɣΪʲôʱң֪ᵢҵĴ𣿡
˾ҹӵⷢź´ڵһʱ佻˾ȴû˾ҵ˾
ŮٵԽ˵ԽͣȻϸš
ַŮٻеĺ壬Ů֪ͮԼסȴûеԼҡ
ֻԼͮڴ֮伤սûסǰλɫŮ١
ַҲûԼͮͮصŮûҪԼȥַ¡
ͮҲ޷άָղŵģϸĻᷢЩ糺졣
ͮεȴŮٵĻк壬ŮٵȻ֪Լַסֻҹַſǻ˺þãȴʼûҽȥ
ŮٲȥҲǶԵġ
ԼַͷϣʱԼһ˿ҵַĴϣвͬĴ
ŮǡԼַĻ𣬸ĵҲҽŵ³ҹ﷢人ǵźֱϲŮٽԼϡ
ͮŭ˽μ䣬Լϲı顣
źҪԼȥӪȥһԼǰΪȻΪԼҵᣬŸĻԼ
ͮɫָϣ˵ȻҪ˾ȥľӪһУǺãھͶǵпһô˵
˾ɣηǲ⣬˾գ
ͮζ˵ǵõҵİȫִһȥִߣһ½
ַҪͮһȥӪŲͮˣֻҪַͮһȥӪ³ٶһҲ˲ͮһס
ַĻԽп࣬ͮѾͷԼ˸˵컹ҪʹԼ
Լ人ǣϻţˡ


394  Ѫ
ͻȻ˵飬ȻٲңҲҪָͮһȥ
ַ㵱Ȼᷴԣս֮ǿ£ȼҲкܶ࣬һð׷Լ
ͮҲᷴԣϣ峺Ŀ֮ʱЩΣͬãԼȴһңһֲһ˫Ľùϵ˲ż޳һȥ
ͮΪҲ㲻ʲôЩȨǿߣûмʮ㣿
֮µĲǿߣĩּȲпĻУȨڳϦļз棬ƽȻҲ֮¡
ͻȻ徣һ˯ôŮҲû׻һ
ַһֱȫ򶥼ľǿߣȻǧŮĽֻŮ˷ϵŮҲ߸ԺյȣѾе˾ˡ
󻷾ˣͮŻַ֪ԼýõˣȴȻߵһˡ
ַʶĿˣͲһŮˣȻҲһ㣬СĪƷƵĽ֣Ѿ˵ܶˡ
һ𳤴ûѪԵϵҲֵס
ҲûоʲôãַȨƵλֻӵеŮҪϺüֹ
ַ㣬ͮ˲ӪʱӪˣʿǲ˾ܵǰһûսķɡ
Щʿһ֮а̾Ϊ˵еַǸͷ۵ıδ󺺣ҪȻͷô
ȴû뵽ʵеַҲһԴȣһò㣬״Ķ档
ַͤͤΧ۵ʿǲס̾ԼС̫ɰˡ
µȹ֬һٵϸС¶棬ϸ֫ǲһգһɵСŮ
ҹ飬ǻ롣
ԼպһλɰͤͤŮҵĻһ֮з򸴺
ͮλԶʥŮ߲ɼĴڣǸǿ̾ΪֹͮȻڲŸոʮ꣬ȴѾʢĻˡ
ʿȻͮľ޸еѣǿͮǸȻַģ֮ʱиһ˿֮ġ
Щʿ˼ǣͮȻƯƺλлս֮ƵַƯ
ַ㲻ǴĿĺɫµĻֻЩʿǻΪӪŮˣôƯ
λǻŮ˾ͮ˵ŮòΪ֮ڣ˳ǵ̻
쿴λȹСŮǷ˳ǵŮ벻һʮСѾͷȻԳɰ˫Ĵ۾崿ʹ׸ܼĵŮ񣿡
λ˧˱Ǵսַ㣬Ϊĵһǿߣȴ˹Щ˼顣
˵ɱڽΪԼĵˣЩʿʿǵ䵽˼㣬ǲְѻַ㼸ϣ˶ƽϣ֮Ǿ˾εϡ
Ǹ飬ҪսΪУֻһǵľӪҪѪɺˣ
ѽЩôս˵Ķ֣Ǹ쵰ҪΪѽ
ǵ˾Ҳ̫ϣ߰˸ϣ֮ǵľȻˣǵ˾ȴ˻ᣬ˵εõϢ֮ĵѪ
ΪʲôǸû
ǳߣЩϣ֮ǵ˾ǹϧǵ˾̫ظȻг뷨棬ȴ˼˸ѵľ桭

ʵղЩʿЩԹʵˣ죬еľ˾ĵҪ붫ƽǹͬˣڵҹ֧߰ϣ֮ǵľȴȻߡ
˵ڶϣδЩµʱ򣬲֪Щϣ֮ǵľֻʣһӪ
εʱҪãûѪǴһεڵء
ʱ򣬽ߵĽһ԰ο˵ߵֻǼһˡ
˵֧ԶƽΪ壬ϣ֮ǵľӶˣƽȻнʮָӡ
Ҳǣҹºͮ˵ҪѾͷӪн˫ᣬϣ˫ѺõĽηϹӶĳԼڵһ硣
ͮǸСŮȻҪȻԼͻ׽ƽǵСȥȻ֪ԷҲ˷ʱ䣬ǼӽǵĶԱ
ͬʱϵɥʬԼһ𹥳ǣл人ǡ
֮ǸĴǣεľʱԷԸ
֮ǵ̬Ҳˣǲ뽭һ人ǣڽη֮Ľ
֮֮˵ҲǲŽ˵Ǵκࡣ
Щϣ֮ǲͣɱ˫Ѿ񽭺ξȻҪһ𹥴人ǣ˭֪ǲһı
ŪıƣԼϽðȻǣ˵ᱻ人ˡ
֮ûϽΣеĶԱҲĲܳɹ˵˾ʧޱȡ
첻ϣ֮ǵľӰгûгʿ䣬Щ˾ԹԼ̫ѶϣҹóĻᣬԼȴϡͿĴˡ
ЩҲ̫壬ǰгҲ֪ͨԼһֻҪڳߵʱ֪ͨԼĻԼҲԥĸߵġ
Щľ˾ȻԹȴҲЩ˵ͬǣ˭һԼĵǻĵһǿַ㣬һɱıɥʬƨĸǿߣжֲ̿
ߣվڵпߵЩˣ໥֮Ҳû໥ֻϬһͨǰˡ
ߵЩˣǵ˳Цߵʱ򣬲ûͨ
콭һսǰԱ˵˳е˵Լ±΢ѣе˵ԼһȺϺзѿΣе˾Ǹ˵ԼͻȻ첻ܼ͡
ڽ޲֮ʣһͮˡ
⻰аЦͮѾͷȻǸܲüµСѾͷԼ˵˼䣬渺Լˡ
Լ֪һôأµãԼˡ
ֻҪԼסѾͷͿв人ǵԼͶʱԼԲһһ䣬ȫԼ沢人ǡ
ͮѾͷԼ⣬ȻԼһݴ
˵ĵڶ仰ʱɵˣԭͮһģַ
λôɵ
ȻҲϾһδɵСֻҪԼʩСƣסСѾͷַУȴͷʹѡ
ĩû˵ַ˭³Թǵڶ̫ǿӰӳǣҲַ˸췭ظ
ֲͮѾͷĵͻȻˣԭΪַһġ
տʼλΪͮʢ֪ѾͷַڣȻþԼ
ϵıԽԽѿһϽһ˵˾һַ㣬ǶƽǿƣѵѹƲסһַһ𣿡
һ˵֮ͮе˵˲Ϊַվһѣ人ǵŵ㣬Ҳȱ㡣
εҲָһ㣬վǻĸʢǿ֮һ֪ԼĶĵַ㣬Ҳп־һС֮󣬱ظ˹ȥš
ѯµ˻
人ǵȫľǵԮַ㣬ֻҪһȥ人Ǳڱ˼ǵɥ֮ȮҲΪ塭
ǿھѡǿߣһ˺ַ㣬ֻҪַ㱻ס߱ǻ׽Ļ人ҲͲơ
εͷ˵⵹Ǹİ취ַ㵱ǿնɱ˱ǵһǿ˽ֻҪ챾˾նַ㣬Ժǵڶս񡭡ַһʱ򣬱˾Ϊţһӵϣַҿ࡭
֪ǲǽһ뵽еŶΣ˵Ϊ仰ϧûԴȤһ󶼶ӢɼȷʵôӢ
ϣ֮ǵ˵ȥ֪ͨѾ˵ַħѾˣһȥ˸ҶŲ¶ĻǾ͸ǣһ˭ĺȣҵĴڹ人֮ǰ
ַͮȻԼˣԼһȻҲҪڳһŽģ
εģԼȰֻԼһ벻
ȻˣܲӴԼеĴвǣǷҲ

ַ㣬ͮŲָӲ
ղ·ϵʱַѾй۲Ĵ¹ģԼ人ǵʱ֧Լʮҡ
ڣ֧ȴֻʣ˶ʮԶһЩ˵֧УԼ֮һʿڵ֪Լ人ǵϢ֮Ȼ˱ˡ
ָӲԼȻ̫ƽһԼģԴ󲿷ֵľϣǴһ˿ɫ
ҲǾǿипá
Ŀַͮˣһһģ˵ͮĵӵСȻǵָӲ
ֵͮʵ⵹ˣǽ˾СľӪһСڶ㲻ӭԷ̣˵⻰Ǻ⣿
ͮһС˵СŮģ˵ȴӲȻԼη
ָӲĸ·Ҳַָ֪̤ͮӲһ̣˫ĽѾʼˡ
ַվһԣֶģûɵһиǴ޴˳Ա˳ŵû¸ɣȻַħˡ
˶ΪͮͮԼˣַɱ񣬽죬֪ճ


395  ɱ
΢΢һҲ֪ԼĸղŵĻ˵ЩˣҲѹֱͮץס˻ûԼ
֮ǰȷ人ǵͮԼľӪȣΪԷͮȴˡ
ڼ˶Է֮ȴʶԷΪʲôԷһ㣬ͲͮԴ²ˡ
αͮʵƿԣͲ۱֮ʿƱͮȻԿˣ
ڶƽû磬ΪڲźãΪñӹ󣬽ݵͮʱʵƿԡ
ֻðĿַ˵ַ㣬Ҳǿдˣǵʹ人ڣ㲻Ҳˣȴһȭɱ˵˵Ϊʲô𣿡
仰ֱ׳ƽǵʹַϣΪԼָ˵Ҳˡ
෴βΪԼĲ˵仰Ժ˭
ַ˵˭ɵʹ
㡭Ǽǰ人ڱɱǸˣʱĿ֮ɱˣѵ𣿡
ǰȷиңҵɱˣ
βһķ裬ַװģĵֳԼɱˣģ˵Լɱܲŵ˵زɣ
ַ㣬֪ɱ˳ǷծǮѵɱǶƽǵʹһ˰𣿡
ɱ˳ǷծǮò⻰Щ˭ҽҳ
ַ⻰˵֮СԴͷҲΪַ׳ơ
ָӴеĸ߼ǲ̾һַ⻰˵ļֱ֮˭ҽҳ
֮Ҳַֻһ˸˵Ļȴ֪˵ĲǴ󻰡
ĩǿߵķ緶ˣɱҪҳҲҪǸ²Уַ㣬һһ֮һ֧ӣԼǿľǿߡ
㡭ַ㣬㲻ҪţΪ֮û˸Ʋ㣿
ҴΪԼܹԼȴԼң
εץס˺ˮıӣи¶˳֮ɫߵЩһŵ˼㣬Ȼ֪Ϊŵܡ
ֻҪеˮһ£ƽǶٶǿ߱һӵϻɱַ㡣
ԼԼƽǵĽûַ֮ǰ˰ڳһַģַ֮ЩȴеһεѹȵǴ
ַ͸¶Ϣиоܲ
ַʱ̣ЩνеˮԶҪȥҪȻֻ½챻ɱĲַ㣬Լˡ
֪⻹⣬ַƵĿͻȻ˽ֱϡ
εͻȻ·ַһļ⣬ݺݵϡ
θϽеˮɽһ㶪ϣиֱַ㲻Ƿʲô˰ɣ
ַ֪ԼΪŵܣֻҪԼˮַ֣ˮ֮ǰɱԼŽˮŻϡ
ͮ˵˾СýĴӪҲ뽭˾Сһ˵人㶫ƽԩ޳ΪʲôرΧ人ǡ˳ǵִȰ£ȴִӶ人ǣӷ˳ǣҪʲô
ͮԸеСͬһͦǹž˵ͣĻеĺ壬ҪΪΧ人һ¸Լһ˵ָ𽭺βַĵ⡣
粻֮ѯ֮£θǱʵƿԡ
ͮĻ׸һִǾǽαΧ人ǣԵĲͮһˣַԼɷ˳ǡ
ķ˳Ǿǻľڳһϣ֮ǡ
ľڣǣǣ¥ϣ֮ǣǻۺǿϣ֮ǣ˳ǸӰȴϣ֮֮ϡ
ǣ¥֮ϣ˳ѾȫΨһһһϣ֮ǣҲ˷˳ǵһǰ䡣
ڻľڣκϣ֮˵ǵǿķ˳ΪС
ȥϣ֮ΪУȴַɱ˸䣬֮ȫ֮ڣҲûһϣ֮Ǹð˳ǡ
У붫ƽһ𷢱ĸ߼ǣиǰп࣬ͮĻҪƵ˷˳ǵĶ档
ʵȴǣЩϣ֮ǵľ˾Լ߼ǣǴûеַ뷨
Щ˾߼ǣ˿иǺڵҪΪʲôԼûͬһˡ
νҪƴһҲҪַͮˣԼֻҪƽǵˡ
ַ㲻ΪԼֻҪպ˵һ䣬˭붫ƽйϣ֮Ǻ˳ΪУ׼ȫٶϣ֮ǣûһϣ֮ٸԼĳн
ԺԼϣ֮밵磬߱޴ģͻĻʱԼٵõϣ֮ǵ֧ԮˣҲƼ³
Щ붫ƽǵĽ˾ǿǣһͷͣİ̾ԼΪʲôͿԹһȱŽ人ǣ󷴶Լ˾
һ˵˾㲻ҪװͿ֧֮Χ人ǣΪ밵֮ǰйһ£㲻ȫ飬ôٳ£
ǰý͵ʱͮ½˶飬Ҳٽˣ˵ҲмԽ˽ʲô
ͮһ˵밵֮ʲô㹴ִܾ֮ǰ밵֮ѪˣΪʲô㲻ȥַ˳ǣ
ַһЦ˾ǧҪ˵Ҫ人ǣպˣҵķ˳ǣַ˴ԼĵĴֻҪ˵⻰ڱԥնɱ
ַͮһһͣζ·硣
һʱ֮ҲЩȻַ治˵ʲô人ǣ˳ǣΨҶƽĴţϾħ̽
ð죬βܻ˵ַͮ㣬Ƕ࣬ȴ밵繴ᣬǴ治ʵҶƽȻԶ˳ǣΪһӣܿİΪ˼䡭
˵⻰ʱȻϵˮ
ζϵˮĸ߹򿴵һͷˮ
ѵνôһ֮䣬ζϵˮм첻ˮˣŻʳ
òֻǶζ˱ȴûкˮһˮ֪ôһ£
ַеĿͻȻúӸղŽεĻУѾ˶ԷҪԼƴ˼
ƴ֮ǰڿ˵Ϊȫ࣬ųֲԼͮ
Լɱ֪ǻΪΪάǰʷάҵĴӢۡ
ַ˵ɱ˽β⣬ȻԼԷرΧַȴЩ˳֮ǰɱ˽Ρ
ַȴԸнСˣΪͽսвӢ¾ٹ
ַ㳯ͮʹһɫ
ͮ⣬Цһ˵챾˾ͽ֪˭밵繴ͽģ
˾սˣ
ƽǵĽ棬һϽŲæ˳ַͮĴк
ľһһͷˮĲǽصĲôߵַͮǱȥˣѵʲôڲҪ¶
εһӱò԰
Ҳ˲֪ʲô£ȴκ˶簵һ人ǣм˱εġ
ͮһ˵ı߳Ⱥ˵Լ簵飬Ѿͮ
ֻԼ붫ƽĽԼΪţɱַһ£Ҳַ֪ͮˣֲýһֱĿⶢԼˮ֣
뵽ˮֲɵ΢΢
Ȼͮ˵Ľ֪һиߴҰɣҲеĽǿ彭һʲô
챻ΰȥ֮ǿߵʱоЩ
˵粻ԼԼѵƾƽ밵֮ǲʮʿܹ人
۶ôǿ󣬻Ǳַɱ˸仨ˮҳЩӲһģȰ֮ǾͲȫŶƽ֯
ߣڲηѾʮأû人ǿսʮҹˣĴϣ֮ǵɢŹأ
Լ潭ù飬᲻Ϊ˱ܣɱԼأȨ֮ĲžͶ人ǡ
Ž밵֮ǹ֤ݣͮϣȻ人ľԱȴ˵ʲôҲ粻ͮ
ϵʱַͮһ˵ΪͶ
ľеһ˵ϣ֮ǵֵǣˣھͽ¶һ£밵繴ᣬͼ人ǣǧȷ
Ϊ࣬밵ɥʬ֣˲վ¶εĿϣĿ˻ڿݱ˹ᰵ磬ʵ밵繴İ࣬õıǩҿԿһ£ǲдǩ
ŭĵĿ⣬ƺҪԷ̻һ㣬üΣеˮַıĿȴһֱ
иָоֻҪԼһַܸԼָˮ֮ǰһҲ
ڽηŭĿУĲŲæĽ¶Žε
˵ʵιᰵһ£ϣ֮ǵĸ߼ҲһϢҲû˵ʲôֻ֪װʲô֪ѡ
ֻҪԼһܹ人ǣڵҲ˵׵ģҲ˵Ǻõġ
죬εбģεһڴ֮ͥ½¶˳ѾĽҲ֪ԼһξڼĬˡ
Ľ¶˽εֶУϣ֮ǵѾ˵һΣһλᡣ
񽭺γ˺ˮԼ뽭İ໮ޣվӵʱ
ɵϲŻأ


396  һҲŹ
ѵѽ񽭺α˱ȫıǩԼڷˮǱ壬Ͷһȷ顣
ЩǾͲԸ⹥人ǣַΪУ˿֪ϢнǶŭˡ
еĽһȻģԼһֱʲôֱ֪˿̲ԭίһ㡣
ʹļ״ƺԽεΪе˼ʧʵڴ֮ǰǱκ˶Ҫ˽⽭εΪˡ
ڽΰ簵飬Ҳжţ죬ȴҪװһʲôҲ֪ģ뽭λ˽ޡ
Σҿ㣬ԭˣ
֣벻Ȼ밵֮ǹᣬֱȫҽҲֻܰˡ
սģ人ԶԹ޳𣬶Ĺƻ󣬲人£ҿսӢαװһףһ׵ޡ
Ұ֮ʲô׷սˣһİҲˡ
Σ˾սˣ˵Ǳȫ࣬ʵϣȫڽĿ¶ˡ
һʱ֮䣬˶ƽǵĽ֮⣬ϣ֮ǵľǸͻȻķ֣ǰᰵ˽ޡ
һЩֱ֪ߵĽΣǸԼߵĶħԭԼһֱħ裬Ϊ˱ʾԼ;֪׷ַ㣬ɱ˽ȫİࡣ
ܱҿ֮󣬽ηûľš
ǰԼֵܣȵĲ˵ֵǣȴһףվַһߣȻָԼβЦˡ
ЩƺͻȻһͷβĺˣĩУ˶Ϊ˸õĻȥʲôԵĺ뻵֣֮
Ǻ˵ĻԼôǣҲԼһ𹥴人ǡ
ѵΪָԼ䣬ͿϴԼ𣬴ҶЩ˲ʮЦٲˡ
ǰĸȻԵ˴
εȻ֪ȥЩֵͶַ㣬Ϊķ֣ΪԼûǰ;ΪԼֻ·һŷ׷׷ˮ
Ľ¶Щ£һԼĽڡ
ֻаԼ˵ʮ⣬ǲſİõıԼºǻĳĶǵ˵Ǳֵܸ飬ΪԼһĶħֻκһ඼Ӧѡ
ѽԭһ棡
֣
βûȥˤϵˮǴһ
Ȼ˽ΣƽǵĽʿȻҶƽǵȫңĽ¶ʲôĻǶᱳѽΡ
⵱ȻΪƷǿ󣬶ǵ¸߳ƿֶΡ
ЩĩҴļˣοУǸұѽΣĵһ˲ǱˣǱߵˡ
֮ԸұѽΣΪ޹ʣҲȫĩ֮ǰ
ƽȻҲмȽϲˣȴΪǼŮܽοƣҲĸұѽεҪԭ
խǾԼ³ֲԼƵԼĶУȻòƺϲƽǼˣλǾõƾǼŮ޷׿ġ
˽ƽҲֻǱģȴʮֵļɵ
ν밵簵磬б˽֮󣬽Ĵϳʧ뷨
Ͼİ޹ûǣңȨĽԼߡ
˵밵֮磬ɸΪݵһȥԼƱɨأ˾
ˣϾû֪Լ밵֮ǰкһˡ
㰵֮ɥʬ붫ƽеĴһº£Ҳ˵һֻɺϣԼû밵йκεĽӴ
нûϵǣڽ֮ȴǰȷˣͶַͮ㣬ױд֮һ˳ʹҲ޷ϵ
û˽ޣվַһЩżսӣѵǵΪԼذ
ʱϵһͻȻƵԶƽϣ֮ǵսʿƵ棬Щսʿжһ־µľ
־Ĺı޵ĸֽļͷĹͷĥġ
ַˣȻֻһۣȴ־֮ȴ͵ļڡ
ֻҪֱ޵ĹͷƵļͷУԷһ㣬Ҳһ
ͼڼЯ̶ֻܹڳͷǿߣͼڵĹʱҲ޷ǵ˺
ֱ޵Ĺͷĥļͷȴɵ͸ǿߵ壬֧սʿΪľã˵Զʤߵļ
Ҳûֳ֪֧⾢սʿСӣǽƣ֧СӣҲμϣܹ֮ɱַ㡣
֮ǰֻ֪ΪţθҪ߼ΪΧַ㣬ȴ֪лһ֧ܲӡ
Ĳַ֪ȻҲ֪
ַȴֵýһԼĵƣ˵κһĩڣסȽŸ˶Լĵƣڻĸһӵо޴ӰȻҲԼֶΣַ㵱ȻҲС
εĻոճڣЩսʿ۶еľİ׻ļͷַ㣬ģͮԼϣ֮ǵĽǡ
εѾˣǾǰѴȫɱ
ϣ֮ľ˾ս˾ˣĴȺףʱЩʿֻӶƽǵĵǲ
ַҲˣαԹ人ǣԼǵĵȫΪУڻĸؽһ͵ϣ֮ǣһٳԽ˳ǣΪϣ֮ǵ쵼ߡ
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ķǰֶеıȴ޷նЩ޵ĹͷƳɵĹǼֻñЩǼһߡ
ͮսеıȴ̫Զˣ˽˼ŹǼеı㱻ĹǼֱء
֮£ֻͮж㵽ַ֮䣬ҪԼֵķɻȰĹǼ
ѾѪһƬ

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Щǣûϵεϻһ֧ܲӣǷ׷״ʧɫԼղվ˶ӡ
еĽʼԽģеȻáҲеǶŽεģκ޷Źǵ˼ƿڴ
ŹȥǲϵأĿ˵ǣЩȫЩ쵰Ϊ˻ղŶַ㱰ϥһҲŹַ㣬ֵܼʲôʱҽҪۿ㱻ɴ⬡


397  Ǽ
ַһ߲ľһͷ˵벻㻹ֶΣֲøô飿
ǵȻҽûлɱİգﲻߣɱ𡭡ַ㣬ˣڱϷ˵Ǿˮˮȴִ人ǵ飬ͱˣһжģҽ콫ҫĻս࡭
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ͮ˼ʮ֧ĹǼеıǼϣǱʧȥ֪
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Ȼǳ࣬ŬӰڷ˳нӽܵУȫܹսʤҲࡣ
УѾжǿ߱ĹǼ䴩ָ࣬ӲڸѪɺӣȻǿĵֿš
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ԶԶȥַһȺ˷·˩һƣ԰һȺһӥ׽СϷ
ԽԽҲѾø߸𣬵ȻǿĸĹǼǸ¶˼
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ַսʿһΪСӣǰʮսʿ˳ϵ˵棬ʱ䰲װǼ
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ѾԹᴩǰЩսʿ塣
ЩǼ͸һսʿ֮󣬽һ˵ڶŵսʿؿڣǵࡣ

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ʺѪˮЩսʿǰųʱͮŮ򽿺һֱֳַܳ˶սʿ뽭ԵĽ


398  ȫɱ
Ⱥֳֳսʿ֮ӵгֳ빥
˵еĳȴͼڣͬС͵ļǹЯڽ֮չ֪Ĺ
뼤ǹΨһͬǣ־ͨļǹ˼ٱֹȻȺսʿУǿߺ٣ȴɱǿ̫ǿߡ
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һͼֱӿ϶ַݣǰŶƽǵļ人ǣ人мַ㡣
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˾Ҫɱͮһ㻹⣬ΪʲôҪɱϣ֮ĳأǿǵ˾ѽЩľӾǵӪزԶɱЩĻֻ»ܵı
ַվ֮󣬶ĴЩ͡
λֵǣȻֻͨʿǸǷ֮ˣ죬ιᰵ磬뽫人ȫɱ⣬ð֮踣ضԲճϣܹǷǣҪ׷潭ΣַȷǵܵΣ
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󲿷ʿԥַͻȻվȵģضƽǵֵǶʶңҳҪָ֤һ£ս˵Ļ䶼ģǼʼ֮人밵繴ᣬȫ࣬Ϊ϶ϣ֮Χ人ǡ
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ҲһʿῪǹʿԥĿǹΪѾϰӳٵǳ´ǴģҲִС
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ȻȻˣֱֻȻͷϸ߸߾ţûȥ
֪ǲȥ֮ͻȻķ֣ŽԼ


399  ɽ
˭Ҷ֣
ĽʬԵʱַ㲻䲻ȵ˵һ仰
˵Ŀ֮⣬ǳһٿɿڵĴ֮ͣ͵Ŀ˵һʱеģ
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ھһʮַ֮ܶʱ򣬶Լĵ˵ϣֻҪܺɱԷ
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Ҳַͬģͬȴֻչϡ
İˣֻе
ղŵĻڿţĿš
ַһˣ߰ľӽпţ˵ЩԽţһ֮Կһţһһеؤв֮Ļʵۡ
ܺЦΪ˵⻰ַ㣬˱㲻ȥЦ
ƽһϽŭսҲƾһ֮ɱʮֵܡ
ŭҲеģƽǽʮڱвʱȴĻ˵ǶƽǵĽǱһȺӵų
ƽһվ˳˵ƽǵĽҲѪԵĺӴڣַȻϲѪԵĺӣȴϲѪԵĺӡ
ϲֻɱ
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ǡ
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ۡ
գ֧ǼӸ߿бŴ£˵ֱӶ˵ϣƽһϽ䡣
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ַ˵ʱĿ˸ղԼеػԼǼϡ
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ַвǶƽǵĽͨʿǶĵͷʱ˿̣ƽǵ˲֪˵еս񲢲˵ߴ
죬ΪˣͲȡɱ޹ֶΣֻҪ˸ҳ涥ײߵͻԥĻɱ˶Է
ԭսַҲв̺ɱһ棿
ϣ֮ǵĽкãǵϸǹ˸߲ҵģ·ղųֻɱǼµһ㡣
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ղھ֮УȻ˲ͬ飬ԼʱѡͶεĻֻҲĽһˡ
ַŽ˵ΣӦñ˭Щͨʿ赲ң˺ͮǶһȺõİ裬һǸҶҳֵĻұԥɱǡΪǵ˾ѵҪĿΪǸˣվⳡԹɣ
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ôܹսᲢۣҿӦýսһսǽԼĲӣսһ
Σ㻹ǲˣΪʲôվ
λûü˵Զɱ
Ȼϣ֮ǵľӵõЩǷĵźţŽεĴ˹ͼȳǵĳ١
г̾һ֪ԼѾȥȻҲ֪ԼµЩʿ޷ɱַ㣬ȴϣַĳһЩ̶ͨʿ֣ȥ˵ףһַͬжǿ
ȴַ֣ĳҪӲ˺ܶ࣬иûͬĵĴڣȻЩʿַΪУҲֻǷԼٵַ㷢ĻַҲ˵ˣòĶЩʿչɱ
ڣϣ֮ǵ˾ѾʼΧԼľӣԼ۴ķ濴ԼѾһͿء
ߣ
ɽڲûգ˵仰Ťͷߣƽǵļڽһȥ
ַ㵭ЦЦߣȴҲˡ
ַҲǱնݳεĶƽڻĸһкǿӰˣƱػ
Լ人ǣҲʲôԼ뿪人ǵĻ˵ʱͮԸ鷳
ַ¶ɱԷԭǣֽ߶֮ʱƶٶȼ죬Ȼַû֣Ĳ²⣬εսֻѾﵽļ۷ˮƽ
εս죬ͬһս֣ʤ֮ϣͮҲҪһ㡣
ֻҪʱգ˱ȻΪԼĴУȻˣԼ˵ʲôҲܽŴԼǰߡ
ַ˳ŽεıӰ׷ȥ̶̼ӣ㵲˽εȥ·˿ѾԶ˾Ӫ
ھʮϽͬʱγսųַ˹ַΪһӰֱζȥ
ַһֱߵʱԴͻȻ䵽˵ϣ˹ٶ̫죬ǵܳʮһͷԵڵء
ٽΪַ˲ʱеıն˶ԷԴЩûһеĽǾַÿĽòûͰԼͬնˡ
֮Уֻнοôһ¡
Ŀַ㲢ûгֱԼڿַʱԴ䵽˵ϡ
ղŹһ̣ζʱ
ѵǴ˵еľɽ𣬾˵־ɽֶֻУʵвڡ
ʹ־ɽֶΣҪǿսҪߵ츳˵Ŀǰǿ֮Уûһɾɽĳս
Ψһͨսǿߣ˵ӰӳͻȻֵһǿߣ˵ӰӳǵǿѾ֮
Ҳ˵ۻģȫ򣬶û˾ͨ־ɽսַ⡣
ѵַǿ˵ز


400  ׷ɱ
ߵļֳ˼ģ˷׷װγ򼲳۶ַ㡣
ڶԵɱַ·ݾûиֻнһˡ
ͷɣͷУֻҪˣټĶƽҲɢˣͮڻĸأҲԳڲ֮ء
෴Լɱ˶ƽеĽֻҪˣͿٴ϶ƽǣԼպ鷳
һƷ˵µˣȴԽһȺΪսӵ˵ƺ˵ͨһ㡣
ֻ˵ζµļԦﵽĳּޡ
Ȼ⣬Ϊ©ˣżһͿء
ĩпģԼְ취һǸԼĲ·öҩȡԿƶҩĽҩ
ĿǰͨҩԼ£ҲǸϣ֮õİ취֮һ
߾ЩǵʣʹǲòԼġ
ǣ¥ǣǣԼ˳ȴûвּ˵ķǵӰȴҪЩҩʿϣ֮ǻҪǿĶࡣ
Եˡ
񳤰ǣ¥ǣǣ˳ĳϣ֮ǣ˵ӵȫĸḻԴ
ֻҪֳ͵ϣ֮ǣֻҪб£ʳǣǰ;ǲԳΪˡ
Щ͵ϣ֮˵İȫбϣͷصĻҪԶЩС͵ϣ֮Ҫö࣬Щϣ֮У˷˻ɱˣҪȻǲŲ뿪һǰ;ĵط
һĩڣųǿߺǿľ档
ַ㻹ǵãһڣǰټϣ֮۵ľ潥ʧ
ʱеԴЩ͵ϣ֮бʮϣ֮Ǹһȫĵľ档
볬͵ϣ֮ȣЩСһЩϣ֮ǣǵӰԴԶԶ糤ǣ˳ĳϣ֮ǡ
͵һЩСϣ֮кò׷һǱˣЩϣ֮Ǵ㻨ʱЩǱȴһŤͷͶЩ͵ϣ֮ǵĻС
Щ͵ϣ֮УЩǿ߲ܵõõķչȻΪʲôҪԼһսʽ΢ϣĵطأ
һЩϣ֮ǣǻԴһЩ֮㡣
Щ֮ίεʱЩ֮ȴһתͶЩ͵ϣ֮ǣЩϣ֮ǰͶ룬ȫˮƯ
Ϊ˱˲ŵ㣬ЩС͵ϣ֮ǲͨҩ˿ЩΪĽǡ
һϣ֮ǿԻǮˣЩ˱ǵϣ֮ǣЩǱ֮ǰЩϣ֮ǶЩǩļ
ΪʹЩģ˵ǲұģЩϣ֮ǲöҩʿԼ¡
ǲγ˻ľڣԷ˳ǣԴΪķչģʽԼһЩСϣ֮ǣ԰ԵΪķչ˼·
˵ǰĶƽǽǣǵױ㶼ڽε
ǵʱ򣬸ǶԿѺЩ˵ĵһ棬Щǲʲôԭ򣬶ҪЩȫնɱ
ʹǰЩǶԽμΪģ۳ʲôԭֻҪһǵҲڶƽǡ
Щ֮УЩ˵ڶƽǣһЩжŮĸڶƽһܵĳ
Ƚξ͵ھԼѽЩ֪Լַ㣬Ȼһеɱ˹
ַڸɢ⣬ÿһɻɢʱкüԴ䵽ϡ
ַƺûг֣ߵĽȴ׷ͷء
ⳡɱβûߣ֪ӵַ㶼׷ᣬȻԼһս
ַǵεķȻȴΪڵľַ֮ǿҪ⼸ĽҲҪһ
ַƣ֮ʱԼʱˣεǲɵ¶һ˿΢Цжʱ䣬̨ͨλսаһǿߣַһսġ
ģַڵľ޷۳ɷУȻԷĽУֽУȻɱһµǿߣڰ֮ϵǿߣȴ޷Էһɱ
ƽǿȻ࣬ҲǰƽǾ棬ʮǿߡ
ַҲ֪Լھ۳ɵķУǱϷĽУ޷ǿһɱ˶Էͺܲˡ
ķ뽣йĿ꣬һһµǿߣʮ֮ڣƽǶٶ٣ֻʣʮˡ
ʮˣȴҪַղɱһٶٻҪѲʮǿ߾Уַ㽥¶ƣ̬Цݡ
Խ˵Ե˶ǿʱӣֻҪɱַ㣬Լµľٱɱһʣʲô
ֹʮӣַֻܱʣʮˣǿߣǿߣڸղŵѪС
в֪ʱסһѷսһ֮ǰѷսͬһâһ㣬ַǰķ¡
ǰһĽβаָ̾ӲУµȺսʿѾַ
ղڰСʱļսУԽµٴδַղڳ֮ǰѾȷַ˿Ѿ˽ƣ;ƿݵĵز
Լƴ۷״̬£Լɱַ㣬ԺԼҲԶɱַˡ
ԼߣֻҪַٶƽǣʱԼĩ·ͻȻϮַ㡣
ַ㿴˿ؿڱƵķ£ͷ˵벻ﵽһٶʮ㣬ϧսֻսļ۷ˮƽǰļ۷սûκλ֮
ĲһѪԼļս۷ˮƽвսԼ̨ͨսа۰սаһԼһܵʱ䡣
˵⻰ַ㣬ȴһƢûУսУѾַսѾﵽս񾪵ĵز
˵һ˵ٸߣûʮĥҲﵽ˵زֲ˿Ժɨɥʬ磬Ӱӳǡ
ַ£춼Ѿǽƣˡ
ЦҵսٲҪɱһǿ֮ĩƣˣӦòһ°ɣ
ôһԣ
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ŭһٴγ֣еխխսΪ⣬ַС
ַһ̳Ѿ˺˽սɵ»һ˿ڣѪ˳
ַ̫󣬲Ը뽭εıӲƴĻղһȫٴԷ弸硣
ͮսַ㲻ɵİǸ֪СѾͷԼæµһϵĻļսʲô
սȣһҹַ󲿷ֵûһĻֻ½δ˿Ѿ˶ٴˡ
ַ뽭θʹܣƴɱ
ƽǽʣµʮ٣ԶԶĶǧ֮⣬Ѫ໥վһԣһĿǰⳡĶǵĴս
ʮǻˣ˿ϵѪˮ·ѾһżϸǴһ˺ѷεʹ
ǶϵȴƺãȻδֻһרעĿŲԶǳսһսΰˣǶƽҲͳˣҲʧȥһС
ַ㽣뽭ε໥ӳʱ⣬Χܱߵľʯ򲻶ϵıѣһÿòĴ󻺻ĵȥ
ַ뽭αɢľ̫ЩǸǰֻ֣Ҫǿַ뽭ΰ֮ڣҲᱻзĽ뵶Ϊһࡣ
ʮӺ󣬴սĻ
ε۱նϣϱϵ˿ϣѪˮѾ̣ɭɭĶϹȴ¶棬ģҡ
εüĸǶһۣȻǵ۲ộȴϵѪˮʹóĽΣͬеĶħֲ
ַȻûԵˣɫȴΪ԰ףеıĴǰ
˾
ʮһ˵νǰƣ͵˵Ͻߣ
ȻܵشֻҪ˵أպٴλָ塣
˿̵ַҲƣ͵˼㣬Ȼʤ˽ΣҪնɱԷȴҲַٴγ֮ǰӳ졣
ŽγԶȥַаԺڣԼ治ðͮҾ֮ά־档
ͮһڴ˵Ļܽµļȫɱ⡣
ַŬһߵķ׷ȥԷסַȥ·
ַЦһȻ˿ԼƣɱͬƣļбܽȴҲʲô£˸УȫַĽ¡
ַ㳯ߵķֿȥʱ򣬲ŷֽѾӰ
ַǿҵź˼гɳǱֻҪʱգܳɳΪԼľС
˫ѪѾ£ֻҪȻܳΪԼĸ󻼣ѵԼһ


401  
ڿ˼ʮ֮󣬽οû׷ųһһиʱĿ³һѪ
ԼĶϱֿۣǿ׳Լֻʣĸˣεϲ¶ľ
ĩԼûǱ
ĩһֱĩгɳˣʱƽҲ𽥳Ϊ˻ĸǿϣ֮ǡ
볤ǣ¥ǣ˳Щϣ֮ȣʵڻȫӰƽǶԶԶ޷ЩᲢۡ
ıߵĽȻԼһӾƽӹȥǡʱõͮ밵֮׵ϢΪˡ
ȫͽܱ֯߼ʮϣ֮һ𷢱人ǡ
սεļƻݣ人ǣͮͮǸ绨СѾͷԼŮˡ
人ǣټ人ǲ붫ƽǸֻƻеĵһ人֮Գûвϣ֮һ붫ƽ
Щϣ֮ʶȤʵʵ붫ƽȻãӲƽǵĴͻ֮ƣЩ̤Ϊࡣ
ǶƽΪʲô˽ʮԭûǿıܣ޷ʵԼ롣
ξر人ǵʱȴְ֮ǵɥʬҲ人¡
տʼλΪЩɥʬͮĺߣͮ人ǵġ
ھ˶ֵ֮̽˶Է⣬ɥʬάһˮˮľ档
ٺδ人ǵʹе֪սַ人ǡ
˵ַͮˣ֮ͮ밵ףҲǵõַ֧֡
ַͻȻ人ǣϢһѽκĺüСʱûع
Ȼ֪ĿǰĶƽ޷˳ᲢַۣվƽһĻԼһԴĿ꣬ݲ˱Ļ־üġ
ֻҪ˱β޷õ人ǣû̲ϣ֮ǵĿҲ˿գԺĶƽǽԶһСϣ֮ǣĲĽθܲ顣
ģַһ£ֻҪַ㣬Լ̲人ܱߵļʮϣ֮ǣΪʵĻƽǵʵпԾӵ˳֮ϡ
Ȩ֮£ھðգĽϣεʮȫ人⣬صսʿСҲȫû
ƽǵĶٶ٣ֻʣĸˣˣ̲ĸظϣ֮ǵĿ걻ַĻˡ
οһַۣ㲢û׷ŽŻ˽ŲԼôãѾ۵Ĵ粽ˣַԼҲòȥҲ۵˰ɣ
ֻǿϧַЩֵˣ˿Ѿ۵һҲ߲Ϊ˻ָǷ˸һɽݵϢ
ɽУȴֽٺϲãͻȻ˵ֱ˿̣ҽβ֪Ǽ˲ֵܣֻҪƽַ׷Ժÿ˶Ϊƽǵս˾
κһϣ֮ǣս˾ǼΪҫְλƽǹλս˾λѾ人һսΨһŵһλ˽εġ
񽭺εѴѣ㿪ʼ𹦳
ս˾ְλȻ˴ѣܲӳȥǸ⣬ӻ˶ƽǣѾַֻҪַһ仰ҲԽ
Ȼĸƽǵս˾ǼȴȻߣǼֻޱӦ˼䡣
ε¶֮ɫҲףԼûӻضƽǣԼģЩ²䡣
ЩΪԼսε۾ҲЩʪЩǳʲôĿģûǵѪսĻԼˡ
뵽һ㣬εҲܵ˸Ⱦֻ̬ҪǻصƽǣǶȫΪҵұִۣƸսصƽ֮ǵҶȫųǳߡ
⻰һڣ۾ʱȻЩ˲ȨƷЩȴԼ˿ıǵҪ
ĩУԼôΪʲôΪߵܹø
ԺԼҰѪս飬ԼŮӣֿӶػԼߣһڣϻʲôЩ¸Ҹأ
˾㵱ҵŮҵߣ
ϷҵĶӡ
εͷ˵ȻԺǲٽҵ£ҳֵܣѵҽλֵܵв𣿡
˵Ȼ档
һӹߵĽξȻƺΪֵܣϧϧЩȥĽǾε仰ˡ
ЩȥĽǣ֪ԼοֵܵĻǾ㵽˾Ȫ֮ҲкЦɣ
˾
˵ˣԺֵܣǾͲҪþеĳνƺˣԺͽҴɡ
ԶͻȻһ˽е޳ܣ
˵ʱʧ룬һڵء
ѵַˣǶѾ˽ƣɽˮĵزˣַָ֮׷ĻǸһ
ξ˵Щ죬ղ˵Ǹ˾ַ㣬һ𳯶ȥֻĻ˶ڡ
Ŀѣ޺˵ģͽСˣ޳ٵļһ㻹ҡ
ֻû˵ԼŶԣ㻹˵ұ޳ܣƽнļҾ㲻޳ܣ㹴ᰵ֮ǣı人ǣ㲻޳ܣͼɱ˵ͬ飬㲻޳ܡ
İЩһһ˵ȻнεĴ߳˽ɫģһ֪˵ʲôźá
˽ιᰵ֮£ǲ֪α֮⣬Ƕһʱ֮䣬Ҳ˵ĵĻǺ˵˵
ζͷ˵Ļ͹ȥһȭˣο˿ĵ󣬲ûзַһ˹ųһ
ȻѲµĻַ㣬ַ㲢û
ֵܣȥͽˡ
γƺΪֵܣĲЦ㵽;ĩ·֪Щ˵ֵˣȨѬʱôûЩ˵ֵܣĸ꣬ûйҲпͣȴȥ簵֮ǣѵʲôҲ²ⲻ𡭡벻ɣΪ˱ܣ㶼ϻԴ׷ֵ𣿡
Ȼ˽Σȴû̫֮ģϾɱȣһв뱣֤Լ˺ˡ
ھУٻЩֳֳսʿ
ʱЩսʿĵһĿģַͻȻ֣һߣżһ
ַսʱһֱڰУܣǱӵʱһֱǵ
ڽΪѴѣɽд͵ʱĲͻȻ
;ĩ·Ľʱ̣Ϊ˽ߵߵֵƣ̲סվʹ⽭޳ܡ
Ȼǰɱģȴǰ
Ѿǿ֮ĩȻǰκһ˵٣˵ټϽΣֻҲĵĶ֡
һ̾һ˵֣Ҷֵܣѵ㵱Ҫǲſ˾һֵձл
⻰൱ڱİˣ
Ҳ֪ĶֵĻǵֻ·һԼ˵Щû˵ĳһǷߡ
ܲٱݵΪĲܲٲϧݣµĽһΧסǵĹƳ顣
ʱĹƳǸѪӣȥܲٴԼ㲻ϧðɱͷ֮˽˲ܲµһ
ƽǵ뵱ĲܲһޣȻȲܲٻ黫ϧȴûйƳҲнµȫ˿ա
ЦڵĽѾ;ĩ·˵ֻɱ󻼣ҷֻ½ָԪ㲻Źˡ
Ȼ˵ֵܣҾ͸ָ·սѾָƽǵ˾ˣֻҪǿϵתǹͷɱ˽ΣεŵǵһУȻŵǡֻҪɱ·ûеϹǾԺƽǸս˾ˡ
ȫĬȻǳΪֵܣǲǽεȨ֮ưˣ񽭺Ϊߵ;ĩ·˵Ļġ
ǸŽλص˶ƽǣֻ¶ƽպҲٷ˳Ѿǵ
˶ƽǵ˾ʱַпܷŹƽˣѿַķϣҲΪѶƽǣ˵Ҳһѡ񵫡γ⡣
ĵ飬мߵջЩԼ˻ڽεЩò⡣
ֻҪϢһȥһ̣ǵ˱ΪᣬŽе


402  һ
Ȼ֪ǼǵĹ˼ʲôЩ˶ڽεУڣмڽεƿ֮С
УƽǵǼ˵Ȼס˷ǲľ飬˵һ㶼ǵҲ˵Ϲ
ͷȻҪȱסԼ˵ڱסԼͬʱҲܱԼ˵ȻõĽ
⼸Ȼڵģ˽֮ǵ˻ۣܴܵ˼ɵĻԼ˵Щ˱ѽΡ
˵֪λֵģǵ˽εĻԼ˻ᱻɱȫֹ˼ɡ
ɱ˽֮󣬱Զƽȫǵιȫ࣬ѾսɱˣǼսίθӹܶƽǵˣǱѺǣǸ£ǳ˶ƽǵĹ֮ѵ˻ΪһѾ˵ĽΣЩλȨأ
ЩǱĬȴĵĻĵĻ˵ĵҲ٣ǰڶƽֻҪˣоٵļǽһ֧СֱӴ
û֮ǰ֧СӵȻڽΣ½ڱ֣֮ЩڵõϢ֮ȻкܴĿܣȥɱЩǵˡ
Щ֪ǱַɱģЩǣֱַָΪƽǵļߵĻ֧Сӣʮа˾Ųɱеˡ
Ϊɱεĵսַ㣬ڻľڣĿǰҹȻַ˻ڣе֧СӣȻΪһѾȥûκüֵĽΣŵĽսַ㡣
ٽ¶⶯ı飬ȻѾˣֻҪɱ˽ΣºһƵַϣǲԼԼڶƽǵȨƣǵҲԼ
ЩлһǣǾǽˣĻ᲻ɵڶأȥĽһͨǵ˿ǡ
ǰڽ£Լ˱Էƣƽ໥֮һ涼ѣȷ˸о
֮ڶƽս˾λãڲԹɫͶãµõЩе뷨ʲô
ҷģľΪڶΣͨƴҵƿֵǣԾ˵ᷢ
ЩǻЩĵĻǰǽصƽûٶŽظģӲǰѽƻɵĽƭתǲ˵Ѻƴأ
ֵܿԲңǲ᲻ս˰ɣѾΪս˵ˣƽԺҲΪ˳ڻĸصһ֧ҿ룬˳Ǵӽڣø·нǵǣʵİ취ȴЧҵ鷢
⻰һڣЩˣǵȻģַΪˣĩַԳгġ
˳ǸǴû½ǷԼѺЩǵʵ鷢˳֮ҲԴ˳쵼ߵš
˳ĳϣ֮ǣȫԱӻеˣĿǰΪֹۻ½ػǺıޣǰɥʬûڷ˳ǰռһˣĿǰķ˳ǣ˵Ŀǰȫڡ
˳ǲû˵ķͨƳĽǿо˳ԴӽûзһγеĽӵ顣
෴Ͷ˳ǵȴﲻ
ĽǶԷ˳ҳ϶֮֮ߣȻΪ˳ǿṩõԴǸķչᡣ
£û˻ɵ˶Σڷ˳ıչȥЩСϣ֮ǣȥֳϦ
ƽǱ˷˳ڻĸصһ֧ԺĶƽȻҪ÷˳ǵĹǰʿƳｫ
ƽ鸽˷˳ǣԺȻҲҪֲֶοƳĽֻҪƽһҳ˳Ƿ֧ӣ֤ĸصǿǻһԴ뷽跨˳ǡ
ʱ˶Լڷ˳Ƿ֧ЧΪ٣ǰ붫ƽǣڷ˳£ûһµˣֻ¶ƽǶ
нҪ붫ƽǵĻǺãߣˣҲΪ˵ա
εĴͻȻţϵĶţĴ׳ϢûǰεĴϢҡ
ľȻǰȻƭ£ҪɱԼº󻹰ǵΪƵַϡ
ƽǵ֪ԼַϣȻû˸Լ𣬸޷ܵǣľȻҪŽĶƽȫ͸˳ַ㡣
Խ˵ƽһֽģƽǾһĺӣ̫Ѫ棬Ȼ̲İѶƽǹ͸˳ǡ
ǽδ˿ˣȫ¶һ¶ѵĻֻ̲סܹȥˡ
ڵĽβһۣϸ˼صˣҲĸҹȻǰƭ±δԭڡ
ȵһ˵ѿȻβûлɱĵİգ֪Լ˿̱ˣҪȻһֵ̳ıȻģԴУһ

ͻȻģеսǻһֱģ֮£εһ֮ȻѸޱȡ
д󺧣ûϵεһ֮Ѹ١
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֪εһٶȶиɻԼӲĻԵֿˣٴУҵĹȴԳ־ãĵźԥȥ
ڽεսͻȻǰĵطͣˣųһԭͻȻߣеսȻҲ޷ǰƶ
ʱεؿͻȻһѽ˳ؿ͸˹
͸˽ĽһѪ䣬ʯϣһ΢žž˿̽εУиѪˮ
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εһӽεϳԼĳղڽεĵʱԺһ̳˽һ
ѾĽΣղųĽ˵˾һô죬øɣ
˵֣뵽񽭺ټĶƽѾȺףַеˣζƽǾ˾һְҲ֮С
Щ뷨Ǵ˿ҲᶫƽǾ˾һְųƺΪ˾Ҳֺĵ˼
ϲĵ˵ͷǰǺܻˣ֪Լϲʲô˲ֺԼ
һ˵ѽεԴҪԴȥ͸ս˵սҲϲ˵Դ
ĵԣȻͶַ㣬ַȴûжŵʲôԼѽεԴ͸ַĻַһ֮£˵ָԼΪƽǵľ˾
εԴ͸ַ㣬һ⣬Ǿƽ˱֮ɱΣַɱģƽǻڽεĻͽȥַ㱨ɣ
Ȫ֪֪Լ֮ʬ廹Ŀ˵Ļ֪᲻ڵһΣ


403  ļŮɴ
սˣһô죿
ѽսֻҪ˵һ仰ֵ޲
µһھ٣ַ׷ɱ֮£˶ƽǵĽʮʿȺʿȺס
ϣ֮ƿ֮£ƽǵĽʮʿײ人ǣ人齨һս
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ַȴܾЩǵ飬վǻĸأԶ˳ǣַԼͷվס
ԼܲʼԼ뿪һ֮󣬻ĸȻҪͮͷȻԼƵǰ̨
ַͮûκεĻɣͮϾԼϹŮˣȻỳԼŮˣַ㽨֧ͮӵ
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ַһ˵ϣ֮ǵЩַӢʾӵַӢ
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ͮûƴǣҲַ֪£ɾڻĸصĺպȻ£
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人ǣһԸ׷Щɥʬ仨ˮ
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ͬʱҲΪʲôԷ˳Ϊ׵Щϣ֮ǣͨҩԼֶο˳ǵǵҳ϶ȷҪ߹ƽµΪʵĳС
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ַԼ㹻𾴣ָ㹻ĺôǳڸ飬ǳ棬Щ˶ûбַɡ
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ĵȻԼ֮ǰԼָεĶУְԼɱ˽Σȴûдеõκκô˲ΪҪ׷ԼʵԼȡô
ַȻЩٵΪϾԼַ漴ȥӹܶƽǣԺ人Ǹùϵ
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ַԽжƽԺ人ǽƣЩʧַĻֲҲͬ⣬ֻбʾԼԺԸΪ人ǵһ֧֧
ԵĽŻȻԭַǰûƽǵľ˾ղڽǰǹͷˡ
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Ҫ׷ͮаŭƽǵʮѾײ人ǣеĽ
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ȻԸĻǺɫĶ˵һЩĻ˵人úøɣƽǵֵǶأڶƽǵˣһʱ䣬Ը͹
ˣγ人ǵĿҲɣ人ǲһĶƽ人Ǻϲˡ
Բ人Ǽ沢ǣľӼ沢人ǡ
ڻĸشһϣ֮ǵĿҲʵ֣Ȼ人Ȼ޷Խ˳ǣڼ沢˶ƽǣѾ뻪ǿĳǣ¥Ტˡ
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ĸܹ֮һϣ֮ǣȻӹΰϧȴû˻ĹͣһʧߵݣԶĶʷĳϡ
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ļʮƺ󣬱ַ˹Щɥʬޣں油һЩСɥʬ࣬򽻸ͨʿǴ
ͨʿеļǹȻǿ޷˺ͨɥʬʿкܴɱġ
ͮһȣһǧǿһԶѹѹɥʬ
ַ㣬ͮ⼸ǿ߸ʿ䣬սĵһߡ
ַͮȻǰϣ֮ǵĽҲܵ˸ȾһɱɥʬӪء
оУַһײβһĴڣ뻪ս񲢼սҲһҫһ顣
Ժ˴ţʱ򣬱Ե˵ӵսսקĻԻ;
ЩٸͬɽϻһޱȣԶʤ֮ʱʿ
⵱Ȼǵ֡
˭Ըⱻ˵ҷϣڻսǰԼֵ̫ҵĻᱻеͬЦᱻλ˵еսַƲ


404  ޵Ӣ
֮Уʮĳǿ߾һ
ڵۣһжĴѾ人ǶһʱˣĶţȻԶȥ
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񽭺ֵͮĺѽ˵ⳡս人ǸСѾͷӮǽܹȡʤ
ͮռеռʱ˫˵ƣεĶƽʮϣ֮ǵ֧֣ӵ˵ӦÿսʤͮͮѾͷҲߣҿǵⳡսһĺܲҡ
ǸģȻǣһ𹥴人ǣ飬Ҳó
ûһֵǰεģȻ˫֣Ȼ˫һͬھãǾͿԵõѪˡ
Щ๷ҧԴȡ
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һؼ׵ĽʧƤĴУ̫ţȻһڴڵڵء
Ϊһڳõ˵ҲҰ֮Ͻ֮һݣ˵¶Ӧһķ緶ǣ㿴ԼһʧģסΪǿߣ۵˺ʱҪ̩ɽǰǡ
ѽղʱ򣬾ȻʵŶûþͽˣҲǰݵϽ֮һô˹ɨص飿
ȥٽҲԺҪ֪ʲôòЩ಻ɥʬˣȴҪԼˡɥʬһ壬Ѫ֮ûκЩԽƲԽҪǵʿȡ
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ɥʬǿҲ˸ղŵ˹ģóüַ֣ͬһɽѹɥʬǿߵͷ

ַȳɥʬ֮УÿһΣܱ߱мɥʬʿͷأ˿ַ̣оķеãѾԽԽӦġ
ַвһòƻʮ󳬼սʿǶеľΪУɱ֮С
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һĩڣǿߣѾﵽʮսȻӰȥٵķС
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ǰѽıһոĽ⣬ÿ֮󣬱мʮɥʬʿնֽҷɡ
ͮոٶȣȻԶԶַᲢۣȴ˶١
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ͻȻֻֽ峤׵ĹͻȻ˰С
ֻצһ˫Ѫɫ۾ĹһϽԴŵ˵Сģճֵɥʬǿޣ벻ȺоȻĴڡ̫ˣǸϽɢ޿еУǿҲữһѻҽ
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һŭ߰˰ͷӴ峤ʮ׵ɥʬ޳ɥʬĶУŶǿ
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еޣ½ϵľɥʬޣɥʬʿλһ幥͡
Կ½Ͼɥʬ޵ĺΧеЩвһ˿⡣
ֱ˿̣ǲףûлףʹüǹ뼤ڣΪʲôϣ֮ǲսôꡣ
ԭٿɥʬޣֲĲ㣬ʬƱޣǰֶ֮һ
ս
ѽսˣֻҪսڣٶɥʬҲûá
ս˻ʤġ
ΣٵʱǸϣ֮ĽЩͨʿж뵽µˡ
Ǹȫ޵Ӣۣսַ


405  ҷ
Ľݺᣬ໥صĽϷһֻֻԼ׵гһ⣬ΪѪ꽵
ַеıǻһȼյ̫ǰѽΪģâһӵʱ䣬㽫߿еȫնɱ
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Ҫ˵һ㣬Ҳûǿַ㲻ˣԵħ񣡡
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񰵺֮УǿҲڽ࣬Щǿǣȴ޷ַɱеޣַȴˡ
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еһ棬ǿԽͨʿճɻҽ
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ַҲ֪һЩ޷ĻԼߵһǧǿߣֻƬ֮ʧ룬ʧһ룬ЩСʿֻ»˸ࡣ
ܽЩչַ뷨ŷһ㣬תеıȷɻȻܼĽУ߿еޡ
ЩеĹΧ븲ھγɵķ֮ʱɱҪʮֹ
ڽ߾ȫ֮󣬼ͷڱﾡڿевҲ׽ˣַȴľȫ
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һͷһͷߴɥʬޱַĽնɱЩ͹ʬ嵹صʱɥʬʿСɽ㵹µɥʬҳࡣ
Сʱ֮ڣüپɥʬޱַ㵱УͮҲֱնɱ˽ͷľ͹ޣһЩǿߣÿҲնɱʮͷ͹ޡ
һս׷ַһǧǿߣٶⳡսУͨʿɥʬɱУҲ֮ࡣ
֮£ʧȴ޴һðͷȫûЩ͹Ҳһ룬ʣµļͷ͹ڿ־ˡ
Щ͹޵Ĵ߶ʼƲס͹޵ӣھɥʬ޲Ӵܣǽɥʬʿ̤ࡣ
սСʱ֮󣬶ʮɥʬѾʧ룬ɥʬǿȫû
˲صİ֧ŲˣҴɥʬʼȫܡ
ǿʿģ׷ӵɥʬ֮׷УɱɥʬʬҰֻһɥʬʿѡ
ĺװʿİ֮ǳҲһҾ֮С
Ȼ˺üˣʿĻȻ쳹ɽҰ춯ء
ڱ£ʿԼ˵˶ʮɥʬʮ߰ɥʬʿС人⡣
˶óݵַ㡣
ַ㣬սĽֻȫᷴɥʬе޴ԼЩɥʬޣͲ⼸ʮʿ
ֲõν밵人ǣȴѽε鵱£ɥʬ֧ǿȻѽǵ˷
ι人Ҳã人Ҳã綼ƾԼ人ǡ
һΰ׼Ҳ֣ϧȴûϵַĽ룬ַƾһ֮Ťתս֡
ַ人ǵʱȫǵ˻˵еսַȻǵ人ǣն˽Σ˰ʤǰǵȻҪȸԾ
Խ쿪ʼϣ֮Ǳ人Ϊǿ̲人ǵĶƽǣ󷴶人ˡ
Ϊַ人ǵĹϵǵܱߵϣ֮Ƿ׷Ҫ붫ƽǵ顣
ܱЩǿİ֮αַɱ˸䣬ԪˣǶʱ֮ڣ人һˡ
人ǵҲ֪ܱЩϣ֮֮ƾͮΪϣ֮ǵҲǿַϡ
ô˵ھǰҵĴս֮人Իĸǿϣ֮ǵĿչǰ
人Ǿ˵ǣһ춯صɱ人ȴûһˡ
Щ밵֮ѪսУʧ˴ʿĽǣȻʹѣڱȴҪװһ˸߲ҵģñ人Сơ
ЦЩս˵ĽʿǣڽȫǾһӭʱӲϵľʹ¶ɵһ΢ЦϵĶԳľ֡
ŮĿ䵽ַϣһ㽵Ŀλ˵Уƺͷ۵ˡ
ԭһֱڴ˵еַ㣬ʵоȻһˡ
ЩŮȻڤ룬Ϊʲôַᣬ£ΪǧӵĶ
Լѣַ֮һǿԼˡ
һʮ꣬ƱŮͻȻȺеһѲ֪Ұݵַϡ
Ůк˵սˣллΪ人ô࣬Ҹ˵ˣս人ǣǵ人ǱᱻЩҰļĵɥʬƣʱҵĸδĵܵܶҪⳡУһҡ
ŮģַϹů΢ЦŮݵļͷʾο
ǰŮȻúƯַļͷȴûб˼ֻǴϧСʱеĶ
һΣȻûгԴףΧ۵ľΪλ崿󵨵Ůַ׻һ¶׷׹
ǧ˵ĺȲУŮϸǹŶ˵΢Ц
ַһֻ¶еһְеļݵŮϡ
ַ˵Ѿû̫ôֻǿԿٲʳ⼸ȴŮȴźҪá
СŮ⼸Խһö౶ʹĩлøһ㡣
ͮϵЦݸõĲãû뵽ַĴӢۣҲ˿ɰһ棬ְһزʶİŮԼȻûпˡ
ִ磬人Ůٰɣ
ȻŮƣ
ַ˵ҲͮΪ人ڵȷŮ࣬ղŮȻҲǸոճɣģȴ㶯ˡ
ͮű¶˵΢Ц˵лˣлĻҲ˵ˣ쵽ҷ


406  Ҳ
һŮһ˵ķʲôйŮһʲôֻɵӶó
ַ㲻ɵӣȻ֪ͮ˵⻰⡣
˶οͮǧۣ޵С˷룬ַܾܾˡ
ͮǸȷŮҰеĶׯϵĿҰںһ𣬲ǰ˫ԸŮ
ղţͮ˵ѹüͣϸǴʥŮȻ֪ǻΪַһء
ʵȴǣȴַ㷢֮룬ⱾǺһ仰ƫƫͮ״ʥŮ˵˳
˭ţǧУȻַַ̰ͮȼ䣬ķŮͬһˡ
ַڴ֮ͥ£ͮԲϴһǣеʥŮ䷲
ҪһԼսֻҲҪ׹뷲ˡ
֮ʱַͮأɸԼҪ״أΣ޳ĴȣԼеزλ
ڴ֮ͥ£ȴҪһòȻģ
ΪʿַҪעսͮҲбеʥŮģַ㷢ʱҲһ¹ģ
ַҹһ޵ĻƣԼһļսвɵ£Լͮһ̫޽ˣŲһ㵼Լڽ밵
ȻԼӮˣȴӮúܾա
˵ףԼ޽ƲĶַǲˣȻ״ս֮ǰԼҪԡ
ͮӰ⻬ģͬ覵֮ʱͰеķ֮Ժˡ
췢ʲô¶Ժ飬ͮЦĿ֮ʱֻ볹׵ӵжԷ
ַҲǿңҲûëȴ̫࣬ȻھŮǰһ֮ģͮ毺õǰȻ
ּͮŮҪջһ˵Ļǿ޶ɮֻ¶޷ǰֵ
ͮ޵ַ֮ĵһӦ£ǻ֮𣬵ղŽӵܶţжʱȫޡ
ܵĶŲûֻһſĶϣǸŹֵķ֮⣬滹һ仰Ҳˣ
ַһȻȻǸˣַǳ˽һˣǵĹͷôԼĶأ
֮ǿӦû˭ܹвİΣƫƫԼţ˵ѾвİΣ˵˿Ѿˡ
ǸˣԼպļƻ޷УϹȥŤת棬ҪȻԼԺ󽫻ʮֵı
ַεҡҡͷ˵ûʱ䣬ϾҪ뿪
ͮһ漴һ˿ĳ˵㲻˱˰ɣ
ַ㽫ʹյͮϺŵ㣬˵ϵʱ˭Ͼ˫ִ󺰲Ҫˣ
㡭
ͮͻȻıȺƻ죬ȻͮΪԼʺܺãҹսַĿ¡
ǳڸмַ㷢룬ȴַԼ¶һЫģ̲סԳԷ
ַȻ޳ܣĵĻ˵˳
ͮĿܱһۣҿܱûҪȻԼûˣΨһַ˿ɰͷŤһߣòҲû֮ĶԻ
ĵʱͮεĶԼַ밮⡣
Ҳ֤һһҲ뿪人ǣͬŮһ㣬ΪԼϲԷĬĬŵСŮˣԶַ㡣
ͮı֤вǾȥַѾŮƣҲֹʲôֻҪͮһ׷ַ㣬Ͳ˵Щʲô
ͮ˵СŮһַߣ˵ԼַӰӵ˼ȴȴû˿Ĳá
֪ͮĻӰʲôʵʵ˵ߣԼͮȫͬŮ츳ȻãȨȴûʲô̫ǿҵ
ĳϣ֮ǵľ˾촦Щûû˵£ֻŴ󺰾
̻ͮŮǿ͵Ů̻УҲַҵҪҪ֮Ե˳ǵľ˾ҲΪַһС
ͮȴҵŮȻҲַ㣬һдҲַֻһˣȴԼȥ˳׷ַ㡣
ǣֻҪ飬ҲҪһһԼഺ껪Ķ˶һ㡣
ַϲģҲͮǹðվ
ȴҵŮֻԼ򵥵һǵԼϲַ㣬Լַϲ
ʮַʱϲƯˣַϲǴûиı
˰ַӰӣȴûַӰʲôá
ͮɫЩΣַ԰ο˵ͮͮҼƯԸŮӣͮͮһ𹲸ɽҲַ֮õĺ£ֻкҪҪŲòȥ
ͮŮӣ漴뵽һǷ˳ǳˣַŸϻȥ
ղţַ֮ȥԼңмַİһ棬һ棬мԼĺϲַһʱֲࡣ
ַֻǰܸоԼصǸԼĻ껪һǵСŮ
ַһȥٴűʥŮȥˣʵĸ
ִ֪æͮͮϣԺִʱңҪȻұҵ˳㣬ﲻʱô죿
û⣬ͮͮʱĸַôɵòأԺһᾭġ
ܶϣ֮ǵĸ߼ǶС͵ķȻ˳人֮ңСͷСʱ人ǡ
ԼСѾͷˣŷˣȵһ֮ϻԷط˳ǡ
Сͷʵָ磬ǲʲôطˣȥ
ѾȷеطˣַǼŸϻȥҪȻҲͮ롣
ͮȴһŮŶúۣҪ˵ַˣַԵǼһ鷳Ž޵˼ûˣ
ţȥ򰵺֮ǣ˴ˣ˵˿̳Ѿˡ
Щ벻ףӰӳ֮ʱ͸оַǸӢɥʬ֮һּΪĬĹϵ˫Ͼ㲻ѡ
ַڸϣ֮ǼԼҲͰˣΪʲôҪְ֮ǵأַȥ򰵺֮ǰϣǲǹЩ̫ܵˣ
ַ֪֮ԼŻԵȣƫƫֲַܰԼϽΪֵܣԼǸֵ˵
ַһ߿һ߽͵ڰ֮ĳҵĺ飬ˣҵʧʹˣһҪڳϳ֮ǰ򰵺֮ǵȶ
ЩףʲôҪģ򰵺֮ٻһѵͲ˳Ǽ
˳Ǻǻݻ飬˵Ժ˭˳ϵλϣ˳ǱѺùϵַΪʲôѳϵ˷أ
ַ㲻˵ȴţ˵ĻȫĴӰ죬Ϊĵһǿߣһֱ౧кøУҲʹ밵֮֮ĳͻ˺ܶࡣ
֮Ը˳Ѫ⣬Ҳǵõ˳ϵİ֧֡
ˣ򰵺֮ǵ³˵ֹ˳ǵĺٴ𰵺֮ϣ֮֮ս
Ȼַ㲢Ѱ統£ǰ϶µ躹ޣڽ֮ȴҪ׸洵ˡ
¼εĳԼֻҲûĿ
Լ˵ɥʬжһ޶ǿߣַΪԼˣĻеڶ˿ԳΪڶԼ
ǵĳˣ統ȻҲֵڶˣַлûżиĬĬĶԳ˵Ϊ˻ĵδСһҪһ
ڿַ֮˷սǱ֮С
ǵɥʬ࿴ĻɥʬͿԲ³ԼݣʱԼڴ粽С
ǵʱַ㽫Լһ࣬ƶ֮䣬һףȻȥƯŮʼɣȻһżΪӢס
ԸıԼ٣ֻԼһɫɴԼɰСֵıɴС
Ű͸ɴִһװɫȹСѾͷϷ¥Ůе֮
˫رעĿĴ۾Ҳ˻ĹâƺԼͷ
ַó˳ϹȥɵĽǡ
ǵĴϣ֮ûʲôΨһͬľǣѪҪռ˿ϣ̡֮
һǣַһЩʿĸ첲ϲŰײַپͬ׹˱ߡ
⸱ƣֻ³ѾˣѵԼջ


407  ϵج
ϲʿ·ɫҴңʿиǴԵľ֮ɫʹַȷ˸ղŵƶϡ
ַһᣬһ伫ѪС
һţŮӭַͬŵһŮϸ¶ֺõЦݡ
ַȻʲôҲû˵еŮӭȴַһ˵ƣǻΪ˴ͻ΢ЦԵøˡ
֮ϣ֮һҲиߵ͹֣֮ǰɥʬŮ൱ڰ֮ײߡ
ûʳӭ׬ȡѪά
ƾŮеֱǱַַԵϸǴŽ˵ԽУһСѾͷǼбŮ
ɴŮӦӢǿߵˣ֮вپǿߵﶼԼˣ֮˵ˣͶǾǿߡ
Ůӭַ˵ΪòԵҲû䣬˵ֻҪһ⣬ǱԴлòƵɡ
ǲŶֵַܵȻɥʬûʲôøУǰŮò񣬻ǽиеá
ַޱĵ˵ͷݸһŮһ龫µ˵Ҫǵϰ壿
ҳѪַ̣ǰԼܾݵ㣬ѪҲ̷̣ȫǡ
̵ϰ壬Ҳһǳϵĸ֮һԼҪ֪֮﾿ʲô£̵ϰ˽Ȼõѡ
Եһ£ȥͨ
ַһصģŮӭ첽
ַ򾲾ĵ̵Ĺ̨ǰʮӵʱˣȺмʮѪ뿪̣ɴ˿ɼ̵ȷܷæ
ڹ̨ǰŮк˵ͬʱȻûַʱһ΢Ц
ַûпŮѪĿͻ
ʱһʮ꣬ྫӭ˳
һַ棬ϹϾ˵ԭǳĹʽӰӴ˵ˣ
ַ߿˿ûˣұ߿˿ұҲûˣƺڶ˵
ַЩɻʵ˵ʲôӰӴˣ
²ǳӰӴ𣬸ղŵǳ֮ڳ֮ǰ´һԺһӰӴ˵
ַôһ£Ҳ̫ɳˣԼԼʵ¶棬ҲøԼһְɣ
ַԼӰӳǽΪֵܣӰӳǶǸļƻҲǳԼҪ˹ȥԼӰ֣ԼĻȻҪԼΪ
ֲһ˵ķŶѣиߴʦͱɸߴʦˣҲаèĳ˰èˣӰӾӰӰɣһŶѡ
ַѯʵôˣ
ǰǵһЩȨĽͻȻңڹѲ֮£Ѿսˡ
ַѯһ£֪ĸСʱ֮ǰѾ˶ĸСʱ֮ǰԼŵʱ䣬ԭˡ
֮ǰַжϳϿѾһصĶУҪȻԼĶҲ˵Լˡ
ԳĸԸ񣬲һ̣Ǿ˵Ļġ
Ӣƹְַӵ̵ĵУڵУַϸѯ⼸һС
һ֮ǰѾǵĺڷ簵֮ǵĽͻȻңɱ˴ڳϰںڷǵš
ڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬳ϵĺڷĿƣɳߵĵɽȥڷ簵֮ѹҡ
ڳϽԼߵĴǿɳȥǵķüΪʱ򣬳һЩͻȻһңΧ˳ϵ˾
ӢԣһһʮĺͻȻ֣ϴˣȻûеս󼸸Сʱʱȴ˶
һһʮǿ߳ǣַвһĿǰ໹ɥʬǿУûһʮĴڡ
ѵֵĺӰӳǣӰӳǵĻֻԼδضԸ˶ԷԼֵܣԼܽˡ
ַиµӰӳǻɱϣ֮۸ֱӵĹϵ
һɥʬķչ󳬹ͬڵıޣΪԼ밵ķչͨɱԼԼ˳ǸĺһȺǿı캣Ϯ˳ǵ鷢
һУӰӳǳϪ綨µıӰӳǼԸԼȴʧܸգְĿ˰ĳϡ
Ϊһǿߣˣܴ˲صĺϮһ¡
ӰӳǿϮϵͬʱдһ𷢶ңǣڳϵĽǵľԮж
ĻһǱп׽Ӱӳǵɥʬǿ֮֡
ʱԼϵļƻ޷ȥ෴ԼҪͬʱٰȺĽ
һΣԼΪ˸ϱҲҪϮϵɥʬǿȫնɱԼ޷ϣ֮밵ĺҲһ׽ɥʬǿǡ
ҪȻһȺµĵˡ
ַ룬ʵ֮⣬ϻԿɿ𣬳Ϯʱֶ
εˣȻΪ׵׷ȴںڷ簵֮ѹҡ
׷ַҲжţǰʮ׷˵ǳǿĺ
ڵ۳ΧǵĹУб׷˱һսС
ʣµ׷ӻǣôʱĥ׷Ѿȫǿߣ˳ϵұۡ
ַͻȻһˣǾǳµϯıʿܡ
ȻǼǿȴǶıֶ֮ԳĹڳԳıߣӰӳǵҪԸϣҲġ
أ
Ӣ΢΢һ㶣漴˵ӰӴ˲ǳĹʽ֪ܲһݲǿͻȻܲۡ°ܲŮԴǼ鷢֮ܲһֱȫǿڳ׷°Ůˣֱܲûл
ַ㵭ЦȻˣ
ӰӴ⻰ʲô˼
ԳϵİɱӰӳǵĲ֣ӰӳУҲ̫ãɱϵĻ֣ˡ
ӰӴʾ
ַһݵ˵Ӣϸһ£ΪʲôֹͷڷͻȻң˳еĴ°Ůʹڳϵּһ󲿷֡
׷ȥѹڷǵңȥӪŮʱ̣һֽңΪѹЩңڳнȫⳡҵĴսУʱѾûжǿˣһʮǿʱͻȻ֣ش˳ϡ
ַ渵Ӣ˼С
ַ˵Ĳ׷˱ȥƽϢڷǵңȥѰԼŮǳһֽ˻ҵĻӰӳǵǿҲ޷ɱϡ
ܽԵǿߣ֪һߵˣһǳ׽ˣҲֻгεˣڳϺɵ£Ȼȫߡ
˵һľֻ֣Ҫһ⣬ϾͲƻȴƫƫۣûκһ⡣
Ӣ˼УȻڿǳЩȨĽУ˭пܳϣַûм˵˵ǵ˽⣬ȻԶԶӢ
ܹߵĽһһĵߣϲˣӦֻ˶ѣһֻеȵӢͷԼܾһô
ͻȻӢʱ¶һĲá
ҵʱϲǱ˴ţҲǲ֪ϰߣȻţҲѹһˡ
Ӣ֮󣬲֪Ѿִ̣ҪӢַһۣ¶һ˿ԥ漴ҡ
ǳεţַǳȥǰиεǸˣҲ棬ҵʱ򣬲ûע⵽һԵַ
һŭʵӢ֪ôһ£һֱȫǵ鱨гô飬ôǰһϢûеõүѴ̣
ַ׿оһӢѪ⣬Ǹ鱨ռܸˡ
ϣ֮ǣڰ֮ǣռ鱨ߵݶʮֵԺգս˾ҪԶǡ
Ȼǰò˵Ӣǰ֮ӵӴ鱨ĸ߼ߣݵЩ˳ǵࡣ
Ӣݣȴо֮УδЩ벻
ַһ΢΢ЦжԸϵˣʮ׽˵ĻȻа취鱨ĶĿ
ֱַϵоЩãӢ˵˭Ϊʲô


408  ı
ӢаԿЦַſڱտֱϵ˵ԸҲ˳֮ǰպһˡ
˵ǰˣԺ򰵺֮ǵĳ϶ѣӢҲ˵Щʲôأ
ܲ˽Ӱӣǳѡ
ʲôӰӣ
Ҳ¶ıѰԼŮʱ̫żûЯͨ˲Ų֪ҹһС
صʱ򣬲ŵ֪ѾˣͨϸǿһţԺΨһӰ˵Ǵӡ
ĩǰǳϵˣСǿųϳģӡУȴûнʶһӰӵˣس֮ҲûжӰӵ飬ŭҵӢ
ӢΪڸռ鱨ҪԱȻǰûеõҵκϢ֮Ի飬ֻֿܣһֿӢ˳ϡ
һֻӢʧְûЩǰõκϢǳʲôԭӢﲻ⡣
ӢΪӢѣΪַӢţ˲ŸΪԼ˾ѣϴһĲá
Ӣһ˵֪ǰˣǳǰᵽӰӡ
ϸ˿ַ㣬ַʮԼǰӦôûмָоԼƺЩϤ
ûлɳŵ٣ȻϽԼһǰ˵ģǰ˱һΪԼүֻһ
ȻַƷԳϵ꣬ȴַ㾿ûֻع
ַƷٺãֻϺһҲ޷ΪȥĳֻعĻԼ˵Ļʲôã
ӰӴˣΪɱүĻʲôˣ
ʣҲΪ˿ַ㾿һˮƽַûָ˵ĻΥǰİţƾԼһ˵ȥΪ˱
ַ㻹û˵ӢһԽӿڵԳΰɱһι¼Ļõɽ֮Ƶ׷ͬİ취ץܲŮҹһСɾٵȫǽǵĿ⣬ڳ߿һ˵ǰش˳ЩǷ鶼һһܹһˣһܳصˣҪ֮˲ѡ
ͻȻ¶һ˿Ŀ⣬ֻǾóϱشһºܲ򵥣ȴû͸˼·ȥĻҪҳĻ׾Ĳ̫ѵ顣
ǰӢԾôķȴ֣Ӣ⻰һڣʱĿ࿴
ֻӢ˵ܲңӢǴݰһһ֮⣬˵һղŵĻҲӰӴ˶˵Ļǰ˼·ȥӦúܿͿԲ鵽ס
񿴸һ㿴ַ㣬һԸǣڳ֮ȴûҳ׵İ취ȴû뵽ַһˣȻ͸İ취
ʵ֪ӰӴ˾һӦô飬ܲ鵽أ
ַ㲢ûлشĻӢ˵֣ҹ췴Щٶʲô㶼𣿡
ӰӴˣСˣ߽ϵܣҿҵӰӴˣѾˣҹ﷢ҵЩ٣ƽԳѪһʮֲǲҹһңЩٵļ𼫵ͣԲͬսǱ˴֮Ҳû̫ĹҲ޷ǵĺ̨˭
ӰϵĽһжˣ
ַĻȻ࣬ÿ˵һ仰һһʸĸоİԵͷϹȻûдˡ
ӢЩյ˵һа˸ս˾ÿ˶ӵо޴ӰҲеˣҹﶼвڳ֤ݣòǶӦⳡûйϵ
ַ㰵̾ϢӢղ˵Լ˶ԳϹ֮⣬Ǵݰһ⻰Ȼǫѷ
飬ĽڱٿأӢȴȥֻóڰ˴ս˾вڳ֤ݡ
ַ˵ʲôҲ벻ףԳϵĴΪʲôҪţһֻģȴûķ
Ҳǳ̫ţΪǣ߰ûܹвŰµĿıҪ
ҲûдƾĽǣȷû˭ܰôǿӰӳеǿȴһ
֪ԼĴ⣬ԼһغĻ֪л᲻ڵľ
ַ㵭˵˴ս˾вڳ֤ݣⱾ⣬ѵ˵Ѿǰ֪ҹҪ£ǰΪԼûгŵ֤𣿡
ַ⻰һڣӢ˵ͷ
ԽǼߵĽԽעظ˵˽ЩǰһòȻģҲҪԼ˽
ҲҪҹŮˣȥƵأΪάֽٹ⣬ȻԸ˸ǡ
ǶʵʵԼĽвֻ֤˵һ£ǾǷԳϣ߲߻ⳡҵģһս˾
ַĻӢЩյ˵⣬ҲܰѰ˴ս˾ȫϰɣ˵ǵȷҲ鲻ǲҵ֤ݡ
ַ㵭Ц˵Ҫ˭μʵѡ
ӰӴʾ
Щս˾٣ǿ԰ǵĲȫ𣿡
Ӣһͷˮ˵ǵĲʲôϵ
ĵĿӢһۣ˿ڿȷӢһûвⳡңЩҵĽٴҲһǻ˼ǵ֯ǡ
ĿӢ˵ӰӴ˵˼˵ЩشүͬʱǵʧҲһܲأֻҪǲһ£ĸսͻȻ˴Ľȷĸսҵ֯ˡ
ַͷ˵˵ĲҾ˼ҿϵܵ鱨ϵͳѾս˾ߣֻҪһϵܵ鱨Աֻ»ݾߡ
ʮ˵޷ҿԽ׷ȥ׷¡
Ӣʲô׷Ӻڷǻ֮ǰôûеõһϢ
ô飬Ϊ׷ںڷǻϢĿǰȫǵˣ鱨ԱûзѾصǡ׷֣е£һЩս˾ĶĿھȥ¡
ַһ£һʼӢΪӢҹңڼ֮ûа׷ѾǵϢӢ
ֱȷԼӢǳ޹أŰ׷Ϣй¶Ҳȷصġ
ַͷ˵׷֣ԵóˣھҿѾԶˡοеʱ䣬ȥֵǰհһ£ѷİһ£
ַƺΪ֣ղַǲıߣ˿̶ַ㲻õӡѾȫĹۡ
漴ӿڵӰӴүĹʽȥհһүҲ֮Уȥš


409  ʲô
ַȥǰĹԵúƽ;ûзʲô춯صĴ£ûз׳׳١
£ֻǺֱӵ˳ϰϢˮǰ
ˮеĳϣַ̾ϢѣϾǰ츳ǿߣǿߣûеȥġ
ȴƫƫˣĩйâȻЩ׵Ĵ֣֮Գ˵ҲһΪɣ
ַıǿᵽһϤζǹζˮڷȷǳеζˡ
͸ˮڣ΢۾ͬ˯еӢˣеôˣǸеЩϧ
ɷϣҲǸѵһĴ˧磬Ȼƺַһ㣬һǧŮĽˡ
ԼСŮ̬ԴĦ˧˲֪ûӣûŮѡ
еĻһ˧㣬ǸŮӦûҸˣŮҲһᱯʹɣ
ˮоװ磬ԵüΪ˧ĳϣַǿҵĲƽ
ôԾأ֮ǿǰԪǱû̫ǿĻ֮ԪƱػøС
ӰӳǵǸҹߵһ𣬻ΪֵܣѪڵĶ˴밵ǿ躹ޣڽ֮򣬰ĩȫնɱļƻ
ϵԻڶԣȴѾˮУǰԪһеصԼеΣѹԼϡ
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ϵԼεĲ½ûкó·ƾʲôͰƸԼԼǣԼȻǷģȴǷϵģƾʲôԼƺ
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ַַˮϣƵˮ׵ĸӣͻȻŵʵӰӴˣҪʲô
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ˣԼ֮ҲԴϵ˿ڲһ˿˿ƶϳ֮ǰʲôصĺ˸ش˳ϡ
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ַƿˮ׵ĸӣߵİϢһ㣬ܲˡ
Ȼԣַȴˮס
Լ̫ɻһжҪӳϵҳ𰸣Ȼ׵ľٶԳϵʬ岻ϼȻԼǵĻˮУԼһʬʲô
ڷԵӰӴˣ㲻ܶүʬ壿
ʬ壬бкܶɻⲻֽһжҵģѵĵһҪ𣬼ȻҾһ֮ˣ
¶˳ģַ㿪ףһ㣬ЩܲˣųģУϾͬԼĺһ㡣
ַȥĻֻƾһ˵޷ΪǵүȻַӴʱ䲻ȴַ֪һ¾ӲˮˣľԶԼܼԥˡ
ң
һŭŮһһذףȵŮ֪˳ˮ׽ǰϸǹżȷŭı飬·Ҫַ̻һ㡣
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ַȴ֪ǰİŮ䣬ַһʱһذ׵ƯŮһ˵ˡ
ŮûһԹ޵Ķַ˵δ˵ɷʬδȴͽɧ飬Ҳ󵨿ͽж˿顭
δ䣬ģĴ󺺴ãַΧ˺ġ
ַһҲδи˼ŮԭǳϵţģΪʲôأ
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ٺϰǣķڴľŮʵĽʬУŽŮ
İһŮԳ
˸Ӱ룬ҲǰɷŮÿæҲʱŮԷġ
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ַһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôã벻ϾȻˣȢŮģ
ֻŮ˵ҲܽǰĹϵжôУҶɧ飬һ㣬Ӱδ˵飿
ŮǳϵӣųƺַӰӢƺַΪӰӴˡ
ŮķӦַҲʾ⣬ıģˮеŮԼϸҿ׵ĻЩŮ˺Źأ
ţַ˵磬㿴λ㣬㳤úѽ
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ַͷͷ˵⣬ҺźҿԴӳֵϲܶģڿҪ뷨ˡ
ַ㲻ִ⿪ףŮɫźÿһЩ漴С˵ͣƺϲСѾͷ
ŮϲҲǷģһ㣬ַҲоĳŮ˵ĿյַͻȻڵ֪գ
˵ŮǳϵӣַѯԼӵЩòȴһǿҵĺģʹѯŮ
ѯŮϱɱһ޹أǳ޹أֻŮ̫䣬Žʳ仰
ŮϵùκεĲãһֵ˵Σҽ䣡
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ޣзǻ䡣
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Щ˵Ӱ˽һãҪȻҲ¡ǽϸȡãǰ飬˵ϲ֣Ԥʾźγ棬ҲŽ䣬ֻǷ޲֪֪ܲ¡
һǾһ㡭
ԭվûж飬ɳܵĸԼȡֽ䣬棬ȥɡ
ַ㵹Ҳû̫µ¡
֪һԳУȻ˵ڴˣһⲢл䡣
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Ȣһʾ伫ΪŮ䣬ҲƭһԼ䵱Լϲһ
ַҲ˼һ˵ζһεʱμصԼߣԳϵĳ飬Ҳʾ⡣
ȴ֮䷢ʲôΪԺҪŮˡ
Ȼ˵ȻӰǽϵѣ潭ϸΣԺҪ䵽Ӱˣ
Ҳǵԭιģһһġ
֪Ϊʲôַ㲢ûй¶ԼһжϸڣҲûий׷ѾǵϢ
Ҳƺ伫кøУȻȥ䵭̬ȴȻ෴
ν㣬ģҵĴһҳ֣ϴһģ
С֣һֿ˵лл㣬Сã


410  Ʈҡ
뿪ϵַ֮㵭Ķ˵ŮΪΪ۵ģ¶
ַȻûеգַ˵ǸŮ˾ܺõɥʬŮ
˱üΪ㲣Ѿͷжһ˿⣬ַȴ˵һ䲻׵Ļƺڰʾϵйء
˵ָ磬Ȼһ򶴲£һȴΪĻɺ޵ν˷򳪸棬˵ĸ޼䣬ѵΪԳϲ𣿡
ҲóϲϣһҲɣȻΪ⡣
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˵˵ǳˣλҫڳϣûκαѳϵɡ
ȻûɣΪʲôν㡭ָ磬ʲôʱˣǼ˭˭ѵѵϾûк𡭡νҷǳϲһλ㣬Ҳ
ַҲԸϵйأԤϣյûҿ֮ǰųκοԡ
ҿû˵ûкˣ˵ҾͶеĺˣǷ˳ǸǺ˶࡭飬ֻ£ר˭ˣǾ˾λҲ˳ֻŮԺ᲻Ǿ˾ȷûвˡ
ַѵΪеŮΪȨ鰮ôԽν뵽
ĻȷҰĵŮˣ̫ˣѵΪƾս˾ܲľֶϷסϲӢױƵģ
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֮԰н׷ȻҲΪϸַŰѻɵĿָ
һ֮УΪ棬ΪԼԻĸãֵܷĿȥˣĿǰпǳԺߣַŲòŮ
ǸŮһģַ̾һϣһΣԼǲ´˰ɣ
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ΪסǣַӢ׷£һͷͷöģ
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ȻϰǽԼԼܸܲһ̯Ӱɣ
ߺַ˵ָ磬ɹͷ˰ɣͷĵѾνս˾ƽʱûκνڳϳ֮ν֮ûзκϵѵ˿㻹ν𣿡
Ҳû֤˵޹ѽǰչʾĴ۾šҲȷҶˡ

ڳ֮󣬳ҳһŵʱ򣬵ս˾棬ս˾Ҳͷ
ǵͷΪأӢµ鱨Ա޲׷µľɵԱҲûвͷһ¡
У˵֣û˰ѳϵɵϰɣ
ڵɢ֪ϵйأָôˣϿдӣ˭ΪһȥĳϣȨϽأ
ܾЩϾȥڳϵĽ
֣ɵ̫Сˣʵ㣬µ߾һֱڼӢһһֱڣӢǸﻹûвһüĿ
ӢȷǸ۲۵ķҪȻôĶȫ鱨Ա۾һγ֮ԻҲӢǸ֮֡
Ӣʲôϵǳ̫ţҪλӢһ
̸̸ȥ̸˾˾һϡ
Ϊǿİ֮ǣԶȺףпܽλĵȻİ˴ս˾
Ǿ˾һְʹ飬֧һξ˾ΪرڵϾ˾֮󣬰ѳ˵ս֮߸սȫա
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ǵΪϳ룬һ죬ǰ˴ս˾һˣȥĳϣ򰵺֮ǵľ˾
ԴˣӦֶΣð֮踣ƴɱ˳ϣȻǾֲ˾һְ䵽ս˾ͷȥ
󣬱̯Ƶӡ

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ϣǰһ޶ǿߣǵǳش磬۵аɥʬĵĻϵɥʬǿ߸еͬ顣
뽾׺ݵ۲ͬУĳǱȽϿɳϵƷġ
ڳϳĵ죬ȫļһٶ֮ǵʹ뼸ʮ׸ǣżӳϵлڳϳͷһϵǡ
ܳϲϣǵİ֮Ƕõϵշǵİ֮˳Ѫ׵ĹУж֮ǹָǵΪǱѰΪ
ڳϵͦ£˳ǵĺܼڣߣ˽Ҳ൱ƽơ
һγĲףȻҪǿһΪ˵ϣһѵӦ֮壬ߣҪҳɱϵס
俴ַʱͻȻǰüĿЩϤȴ벻Է
һɴֻ¶һ˫۾ģʱ˫עĿĴ۾ǸŮӰƺ
в뵽ַ㣬ҽ⳰ЦԼ̫˼ַˣŰǰӰַʮƵַ㡣
ַ֮ҲǾϲѣվţûԼݸ߶ԷĿǰǵľ̫ˣԼ̫籩¶ݵĻԼһжʮֲ
˵仰֤һеƲ⣬ȴ˻ȥ
ǰַĻᲢ࣬ûϳǰӢ˱ַ㣬޺ģȣŸлʧɫ
ǰֻģͬĻȷ̫࣬û֪Ƕôȵϲϣ³ϺӣԳϵȴû˿ļˡ
ˣĵˡ
ϳ뵱죬֮ǽʹԴԼĸ죬ǰϡ
ڵĹУвʹ׷̾Ϣ
ϧˣӢۣȴ﷭µС
ʵͲµ˳нĽ֣ð֮踣Ѫ⣬Ȼ⵽󲿷ֽķԣֻЩķҲ̫ǿһЩ
һأǿɶǳĺѣ˵⻰ڸһ⡭
һĵ俪ʼϵˮ֮ǰҲѹƲסеģȻʧʹޣ˹ȥ
ԣʧȥ֪Ļȥ
Ϊ˴δǣųϵѣ޵滨꣬ݵģᡣ
ʹģ۾ҲԾĵ˼Ŷʾͬ顣
ǰַ㼸ۣıģԼʧȥַĻֻ¿޵ıҪģвŸͬʧȥ˰˵
ʱǰ˴ս˾һ˳ϵǰ䣬ҲС
ַӢһۣǸ¶һ˿ЦϷҪˡ


411  ˭ͽ
ڵҪʱһǰϵʹʵҰİ֮ǣǰڳĴ£ǵٷչҲһء񣬳Ӣţ֪Ժǣ˭λأ
ʹ˵⻰ҲǱоģܺ¡
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ʹѯʵĶٽʹĿҲ䵽ϡ
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˸жö˶Ŀ⼯ŮϣӢҲ¶עı顣
⼸죬еһµ׷ûвǰκεĹϵ˾֮䶼ûа
ַֻ㰵ʾעһǲŲòһͻݵĳˣȴΪᰵϡ
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ַƲ⣬˭¼ߣпϮ¼Ĳ߻ߣ۾ɵĴģζס
Ű飬԰Ůűκ˸ϱɱһûκιϵ
ȴܺͻȻëԼ˵ԼʺϵһεĳʱֻƺҲϴˡ
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ŵŷĻ˵Ҳˣ˭ǵ³ֻ˭ķΪԼķѡ³Ľ顣
㰴ַۣҲϵûйϵˡ
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ַһѪСѾͷУԼȻһǼһˣȻСѾͷԼʲô
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ѽ֪ν޹ϵʱͻԼȥ˵ĻںݺݴԼˣž
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վ˵⻰˵ЩˣͷɣͷУټôһʹʧ£Ѹ𿴵ıһжҪҲ֮顭
סĻһ˵˾˵⻰ʲô˼
ҵ˼˵ĴֵܲܲǳҲʼտţڳʿ䣬ҪֻȫǵֵҲѡ³³Ĵ֮£ѸҵɱĻ֡
սһۺ˾Ļ˵Ĳƾ³³Ĵѩޣк󣬲³̡
ַߣʵָ磬ͷǵĽǱҵıǳ³Ҳ֮УΪʲô˵ѡ³ȥĳϱأѵǵ˳֮ĻԼԼ𣿡
ַҡҡͷ˵㻹ѽŻʲôѵ˵ʲôʲôĿĲǵĳֻҪеһ˵³ʱڳϵʱ͹ȥˣ˭Ķٸʵס
˶ٸʵףҲҳƽǲϵĽߣһ˵Ϯش˳ϵĺˣʱǱԶס֮ˡ
ַĻ޺޵˵ԭΪֻвıңȴ벻ȺɥʬеĳЩ˻Ҫգ
Ȼգ˵ʵȴδؼ׷ǿĺ߻ϱɱһµĻֲĻȻԲճ
ַһÿһģȺͻȻһ˴ȵ棬ɥĲ񣬰Ϯɱ˳˵ͼıǳһְҿǲ֪ôдˣ
˳Լжʱŭ
ѾȫʵɣսЩ˾ǣҲаѱУڵп˵첻µز¡
ʵ벻ﻹ˭ʶȤļһ㣬ԼֳӲʯͷ˵֮ʱпʱɡ
еǿ׷һǿһȺУͷ׷ۡ
氵в׷ʲôʱǣ˵ӦûںڷǲŶԣ׷ǵ޵еĽɫ
֪ʲôʱģԼǰȴһϢûõ
ۣ㲻Ҫ˵˵ҶԳĹôԲأ
ƾӣȻû֣ӰӳǸֲֵֵ֧֣ǣɥĲ飬ѵ˽죬㻹Ҫһ𣿡
һۣһ𰵽в
׷һǵõʲôϢųָ֤Լǵĺܿƽ׷ĸȻǿȴûжپӣΪ塣
Цһ˵ҿɥĲ۲Ŷԣˣ׷дѳһְ˾
ۣ˵˾߻˼ǰңó֤ҪȻ˵Ļǵĸ߼죬ʱƲ㣿
棬ǼȻҪ֤ݣҾó֤ݸǿǣǵĵսսǰжжЩʧٵĽһȥˣ


412  ɹƭ
ɫʱſڽ֪࣬˵ʲôá
ΣǵսУ֮ǰٶȴֻʣ˲һһȺףⶼǲʵ
ɲ˵Լ߷һ¼ιȥġ
Ϊڸ࣬ǳ֮󣬳׽Լս˾ǽ죬ȴʳ仰ȻѾ֪˺ܶ£ǵιҲûгɹƭԷ
ΣǶѾ޷ͷֻһ·ȥҪôɣҪôܡ
򶨵˵۽⻰ЩĪˣҵսĽھӪУȴ˵ʧˣ⻰˵ĵĪ
ҵսֵҲһ٣֪Ϊʲô˵Ļ
ʧڵ̲סȻ˾˾ľһҲ٣룬ΪʲôЩǲôǵĶһȺף
ҵĺܣЩǶս︺𾯽䣬ǲˣҽЩҲΪ˽Ǽ桭ۣòŲҪң
һЦµĽһ룬ȴ˸ˣһſˮ̵ļƣ·ԼһκβƵġ
ԼҵĻǱԲЩˣѵԼӢķ
ͻȻ˵˾˾ΪӦƳĿǰҪ飬𡭡

˵⣬аԸˡ
ڳȥӣ˰лս˾ҲͬѡΪǵ³ȴ۸˻ᡣ
۽쾾ǾеĽʧһ²ŵĻǳ˰ٰ֮⣬治֪Ӧѡ³˵»
˵ĴҪ³ҲҪѡշԣѡҲ֮飬˾˾ȴƳ³ƺҲЩ
սսĽȻΪԼ˾пܴлǵ˾лȻҲ̵һЩô
ǣǳӰˣͬǣĩǰ͸ųϣĩǶү벻
˵˭ܴ˵Ļֻ±
¶һ˿΢Ц֪Գϵ飬һֱᷢԴ¡
յľȻ࣬һ²ƫУڸսľУӵмӰ
Ƿѡ³Ļ˵Ҳһ鷳¡
벻ѡ³ͬ£ʱиеϲ⣬и뽫𾪻ϼڣԱеϲ֮顣
ͬʱаޣȻϳɾ־ͨʹı죬һʽ΢תͶרżԼĻ˵Ȼʶʱˡ
Ȼλ˾˼Ǻãǵ³һ𣡡
ַȻ֪е³˵в
ԼֻΪϵָ˵ˣȴû뵽ȻԼƵ³λϣԼȴϡǵĳ
Ӣ׷Ҳû˵ʲôȻ֪˵ڴ֮ǰѾĬԼûдӦǣôԼ
ַϸ룬ҲȻˡ
ڳϵǰ˵ĻѾõս֧֣Ӣ˼£Ϊ֮ӡ
ǲ˳ˮۣԼƳ
ǸһԸΪƼԼǵ³ԼɸԼһᷴԣΪϲ
ϧǲ֪Լݣ֪Լ˳ǵľ˾ǵĳǴԼܲܡ
£Լ֮⣬ʵ޷ƾٳˣǵĳһְ
֮ʣ׷Ӣķ׷ԼУҲͰԼǵˡ
ǲŻԼľϡ
Ϊ˴֣Լʱǳɽ󣬵ȵԼϱ˳ºڰǽһ׽ǿߣʱ²ȫ
˵³ʱʱһͷˮǵĳûѡôƾһ³أ
ǺͿ˰ɣѳְ֮ǵǺûѡôһλ³أ
Գĸ飬ȴڴ֮ͥ¿Цɣ
ӢͻȻڵλ˵Ǵشˣո֮Լ׳ɵĹأһĳһ㶼һƶ˵⻰ٰɣ
ذ֮ǵʹǷ׷ס
Ӣ⻰˵òڲпĩУʲôǿߣĿܣЩǿ֮ǰ϶Լǰָһεĳ
Ҳֻһָĳܱ֤ǰ֮ļȶܹ᳹ȥѾ˸֮ǵһĹ涨
ǳͻȻ䣬û˵֮ǰָʲôһεĳ
вӣӢڰдĬƶһרǵı
Ӣ⻰ʲô˼˭֪ûüָ³˶ˣҪʲô
ͻȻվ˵׷˶꣬ѵǽ˵ڳ˳֮ǰѾͨţڶһ³
ָ֪³
ַǰʱһַߣַϹϾĹȥ
ϣ֮ǲͬƽȻȫǵ˶ų¹򣬵³εʱΪ˱ʾȴҪйݴ
һ֮УַҲٰ֮³ļʽҲû̫⣬ֻһݵĽĹݡ
Ӣ׷Ҳ׷ǰϹϾĶַ˹ݴ
ǵ׷׶ַ¹򣬲еĽǴ۾ǰʹҲһ󻩣ַ˵
Ȼûоְλȴǳŵùˣڸս˾֮ϡ
Ӣ鱨ǳİ˴սǽͷС̽
Ϊ֮鱨Ĳǰ֮֮µһˡ
˵֮ǵĳĻ鱨Ĳںڰеߣ鱨мȫǽȨ
ӢȻû̫ǿԳĲһ㣬ûκ˻ỳɣſ鱨Ҫһɶꡣ
죬ӢȻҲַ¹
׷ǳǿߣս˾ǵĶ֣׷һֱڳԣǳϵܱڣͬʱҲǳεһȺˣǾȻҲַ¹
Щʹǵϸ¶ã֮ɫѵϵָͲˣһǵ³ҪȻôҪΪʲô¹
Ӣ׷Ⱥģʾ˶ַЧңñ˶ѿ
˾޴ò֮󣬲Żȫ֧֣ϣǳĲѡ
ڣȴͻȻðһ֪ˣӢƶ֮£Ȼǳְ֮ʱŭ֡
Ŀ˵ӢǴһɫڴ֮ͥ¿ɹƭ˭֪䣬ǰûüָһεĳѡҳһСɫѵҪȨ𣿡
룬ս˾Ҳġ
Ȼ˽˵ǰ˽Ӱӣǳ϶ѣȴûĻ
ϻŵʱ򣬾û˵һӰӵѡ
һѣкεºܣֵóϽиǳһְ
˵ǵţӰӵԶԶ˴ս˾ᲢۣӢԼЩ׷ҪӰǿ̫ࡣ
죬һĬĬŵӰӣȻǵ³õӢԼ׷Щʵɵ֧֡
ΪǰӰ̫ĬĬˣУǲŻΪӢ߶һȨıӰӸ̧һܡ
ղ׷ָµĽ˼ǰң˸ˡ
ۣӢѡһλû˵ҲΪӢҲУЧ¸ղŵֶΣǵĳһְץǵ
Ҳַ̫ûиӢַǳʱ򣬲Ż˵Ĳ뷴ԡ
Ӣ۵κһˣ˵Լ˳ϵǵĳһְᱻһ˽ܣΪǶǳصš
ȴƫƫƳһδŵӰӣ벻˵Ļɶ
ӢҲ֪Ӱǰûʶǵĳһȫǵķԣȴް취
һγĻֻӢ׷᲻ͬ⣬Ӣһεĳ׷ֲͬ⡣
׷۵ǵ˾ĻӢֻ᲻ͬ⡣
ַǳ֮ǰ׷ˣΨһһԽӢ۵˹ͬ׷ˡ
Ӣַۣ֪޷ڵ£ȻƳ
ַոһ¶棬ͱɣ˵ӢڿɹƭƳһܡ
£ս˾ҲһŵģǸͲųϻָһӰˡ
¶һ˿Ƥ΢ЦȤַԼû̬ȴһȺҪǳȴһȺƴ¡
Լָ粻ǵĳ£ȴǴԴᵽλãַһòˣô̱أ
ϵҪһˡ


413  ޳ܵС
һСڱ𴦻첻ȥˣװǻƻ췹ԣ
ʲôӰӣأСб¹һȭ㡭
ôûˣСӿҲüĿ㣬ȻĸԸı˵ǹʹ
޳ܣųļһ
һʱ֮䣬ĽǷ׷׶ַƿڴ
иȷַӢ̧һܣͷĿҲΪ˸Ӣ˶ȨƣСȴҷһ
ַ㿴һۣЩˣϾԵսսľ٣˵ЩٵҲǵõָʹ
ս˾뽫ǣ򱣳ԵĳĬ
󣬸ս֮ʵǿıսսˣһзս
ǣսսͱսҪǿһأټ˫֣սǲǡ
жּۻۣսʾԸֵ֧սǵĳ֮λ
Щս˾֮ľȻǳġ
Ⱥףֱһţ˲û˸ǣǳ·Ҳߵ˳˳ˮ
죬Ӣ׷ȴһͷƳһӰӵһ̨
ƽӢ׷ȻԳĹЩ֮ȴû̫Ľ
ҲʼΪһǳְ֮䵽ϣǲŸڼǰǳҡ
ȴû뵽ƽûжٽӢ׷ȴͻȻһ˹а塣
Щ˾ӵмǿӰͻȻȻ
ǸνӰӣЩս˾뽫ǸΪӢ֮˭Ҳ˭֮֮໥ЭƳһˡ
˵ǵĳûκεĸԺҲᱻ۵˰пƣӰǳϵƣҲֻ˵Իѡ
ִս˾ҲǱſЦ
ս˾ˣ˭ҲǴˡ
Ȼ֪ƽİ裬˳˳ĵǵĳԺҲδкӹ
෴ӢƴƣͬھĻԺǱǵˡ
Щս˾Ȼûκ֤ݣǻõһЩϢϵֱӵĹϵ
Ӣ۵˸ץסĳЩ֤ݣŻ淢ѡ
ԴˣҲһԿ֡
ַȻӢһѡһ̨ĴҲЩֶΡ
µĽֶƿڴЩΧ۵˾뽫в룬֪Ǹ˻᲻ᷢŭڣһŭ֮ǰƴˣ
µĽ˰죬ַȴһ仰Ҳ˵
ַ㲻˵ҲˣһУ·ЩǲЩԼԼ
ЩȥˣʹյַߣԹ˵ָ磬Щ̫ˣҪֽѵѵǣ
ãӰӣҺθɣʲôʱϹԼӰˣԸɣ
ǻСѽ
ЩУҰ׵еǣƾʲôҾС˵ԼԼأǵҸŲܣЩ˵ĻԼģ͵ڿһȺ蹷ҽаˡ
òַƤЩǵں˶ܱըַȻһ仰Ҳϡ
ЩȥַȴûпһۣûǣЩӦսԼȥ
Χ۵Ĳʹ뽫Ǹǰַ̾ȻҲüĿǱãȴûڵսսǰȻ춼һϻҵ
ҲеЩ˼顣
ַǳϿеˣֲϣӦҲԶղЩǳӦôԷŶԡ
ȻһԲЩǽһᣬԼеȻζһŲˣǲ̫ûйˣ
ڱ˵ǳϣֻ¶ѾѪɺˣѵϵ濴ۣһ
ܱߵȥַڿڵǵĳְ֮˵ʵһ濴ǹʽҲŲòǹЩ£ϣһ£ǳǳģġ
ղв˴ӰӣȴҲӰӣҽʲôһܣ֪Ȼ˳ϵҽӹǣֻΪѡ
ַ⻰һڣʱ׷һƬˡ
֪жŴԴǵĳ
Ͼǰǿİ֮ǣ˭ǵĳƬ֮ΪԽǧ˵Ĵڡ
ַղŵĻȴ˵ǳУ֮Խǵĳְ֮ȫǿϵĽϣΪѽӹǡ
һʵ۶ؤ˵ϵܣҲʵ۰ɣؤ˵ʲôӦΪԼؤˬ
ڵַ㲻һ˵û˵ûˣϰƵǳλϣĸ
ַȻ˵һ
һʱ֮䣬ټͻȻһɧ˴ַָ˵̫ˡ
ַָԴˮˣҪȻôǧӵĳ֮λ˲أ˴һӳʴʡ
ȺеĻﲻ˴Ҳ̫޳˰ɣ
֮ǰټǽˣ˱һ֪СһԾΪȫİ֮ǣǵĳ
ǳƵ컯
ãǳ֮λǳ˵һ׸֮ԿϽǳ֮λҲǸӣ˵ǵ˱˻ԡ
俴Ⱥ٩٩̸ַ㣬оȻӿʶĸо
Ȼ˵ģַȫͬһ˵Ŀɫȴַ㼸һģһ
ַз֣ʵǸǶμ棬˵ַϤУû˵ڶܱϤߡ
룬־ò̫ܣַеĵһǿߣǰĵһǿߣǸͲһˡ
Ӱӳǵʱһ㴽ǹལβǹ߻
ѪԽԽٵѹŲò˳Ѫ⣬˵Ĺϵ΢Ĺһ㡣
ǵĹϵȴ㲻Ϻãϸǽַ㣬ǡϵ˵ĿƵ
ַһᾪﲻݣ˵ĿɿڴУһƽ˵ȻѾ˳֮λҪиӣǸղųӢϵ۴׷֮⣬Ȼû˶й֮ѵһͻȻ˳մⶼ𣿡
ڱսսĽƿڴŵôҴһڣҲΪǰǸʮҷϵʱ
ڣȻǰͦˣԼǵ³
Ҳ̫˰ɣҪǵ³ҲҪڳʽ֮󣬲ǵ³Ծӡ
ȴƤھͰԼ³ָ˲ڣ¹
Ļǽ˵֮䣬Ȼһ³ơ
ʧʱ˵ӰӴ˵Ļû棬ǲӰӳйݴѵ뵱𣿡
оԼķζ챻ը
۲֪ŪһС
СıûУƤǱȳǽ֪ܵİԼǵ³˵ǵĳԾӣ˭ˣ
ĿݺݵĶַ㣬з·һСһɱ˵˭֪СðģȻڴ֮ͥðǵ³ѵΪǵ˶ƭɵ𣿡
Ϊһ㣬ַܾƺЩ򵥣һĲݰ
ҪȻۣӢƳˣѵǳָļ̳ˣ
ǳָļ̳ҲûãΪһǿߣҲԼ߻
ͻȻʹе˵ˣǳ䱦ӣسʲôҲ㡭
˵˵Ӱӵ˾ǲǳĹʽ֮ǰǷָǳְ֮ǵĻ˾ȻΥǵĻǱ㲻ŹҡײƭļһʵΣʾ
ֹס˿żΪ԰׵нʹǰһһɨһŵ˵ڵ֪ϱ֮ұϵ˽ߣϧʱѾ˶ˡҲ֪ϻһӰӵѣҲû˵Ҫǵĳְ֮ǸӰӵˡ
һټ˵ڽûжӢ˵ЩҾͲö֪ˣȴûж˵⻰
һ˷ܵ˵˰ɣ˶˵û˵Ӱˣûнǳ˵Ӣҥ¡
ͻȻڵ˾ұһ£ȻûнӵϵҲûдӰ˵κ£ⲢĽ˵ѣҲ֤ܲǵĻġ
һϲҹʳ飬龿Ǽ٣һ˵ҲҲ˵סҪָ֤ԷĻ໥֮ó֤ôҴκһ
˷ܾûֱһͷˮ
û˵һ˵ѣҲûгĻʵǰѻ˵ģҪ˵ЩʹǣĽǣ˿Ҳ֪վһ
һԽԽӣҲԽԽ˷ˡ


414  ɱ
ͻȻ˵ĩ֮ǰ͸үүҿųģҪȫǵ׷ӰӴˡ
˵ʵǰ˽ӰӴ˵ΪˣҲ֪Ժδȴү۹⣬үеˣܰǴǿʢˣƴҲҪӰӴϳ֮λ
˵ʱ򣬲԰׵ͷžҷɣģԵüɲ
ĻиǴ޾ŭ⣬·˸ҷͻ᲻һеǰ˵˺Ƭ
ǰֻڳǰƺүڹϣȴΪ죬ȫǵǰƺΪүҲʾеķŭ
Ҳ˵ҵλֵܣȻ׷˳꣬ûгûֵܵĽ죬ȻѡӰӴˣǾ׷ӰӴˡ
ӢҲ鱨ַ̬֧㡣
׷ղŵĻ̫ǿӲǿᣬðûлعս˾һ۵ǿӲ̬ȣǵϡ
ǰֻΪַ˼һӡ
񿴵ǿӲַ֧㣬ȫǵַһ𣬲Լһ·ȻͲַеһˡ
ܶ˴˿Ѿţַȷǳϵѡ
ҪȻȺѱ׷Ҳάַ㣬˵˭ðַ㣬ǲϧðַƴĺݻ
ַĺпǳǰָĽӰˣղĻȻ˵òףҲ˵ϴ˵Ӱӳһо˵ԭŲַ֪Ĵڡ
ҲеЩַ֣ƺϹϵУȴѾû·
׷Ѿɳϵйأַ㵱ǵĳĻһǳһµġ
ȻĿǰ׷ֻǻԼȴòԼҵ֤
ַǵĳʱһоͲһˣַ㲻Ըϱɱһ£Ҳưոݡ
ַϾһˣ۵ѹ£ѡ񣬱ҪΪϵָ˵һַȥƱػ鵽Լͷ
ԽԽ£պ鵽ԼͷϣԼҪΪսнĴʧһ£һ˵ԼЩ˵ĽǣΪ۵˵Ķ
ȥһС˵©죬Լˡ
и޷ܵһǣƴһŪ˳ϣҪջʵʱȴͻȻԼĹʵѾժˣôܲŭ
¶ģԷƴͬھҲַֹǳ֮λַǳһְԼҲһǰƴһƴ
һԼʤˣǾԼˡ
ڽһɫ֮ͻȻЦ˵˲ǳָģǳָļˣҲǵĳ
Ӣŭķʵ˾˵ЩˣȻӰӴǳָģΪʲôͲܼǳ֮λ
˭ܵȴһǵĳǳ֮´ء
ѾһĴ㣬Ҳˣֱϵ䡣
ҲЦѡǸ˵ȷ汾£ԽǴǿʢҲ˵ʲôӰӵˣȴȻߡ
˱Լַ̲סʵô֪ûǴǿʢأ
Ⱥ۲ֻǿǿߣܴǿʢѵ˵ʤǵ𣿡
Ļ޷ַ㶯֣˵Ļ
Ȼ֪Է⣬ַȴԸ֣Լ൱ǳͺܸˣѵԼҪЩԼɲǿչվģ
˾˵˭뵱ǵĳͶҪмѹȫ֣ûɣ
⻰ȷû֪ӰӴûȤֵǰ¶һأ
ֱַӾܾûȤ
ַشɴ࣬ϸ¶˲м֮ɫ
ڰ羭Ӫ꣬԰У֮ʲôǿߣҲ˽ࡣ
ȴû˵һӰӵǿߣǲûַ̽ĵϸȻһڣַ㵱ܾǵս
ַΪʲôܾȻΪ̰ˡ
Ȼַ̰־ǿȥȻֲַôһôѾ⡣
϶ҴɱȻںٶɱһַ㡣
˵ڵַ㻹ûʽϳ֮λɱҲʲô鷳
ַñĵĿ˵뵱Ұһǿߣ֮˭ǵĳ桭
ȻǳеˣҲȳȥֵܽ첻뿴һ¸µ֣ȴģһеĵûУҿ¸һֻʿ֮ķڳָǳһ£ƾġ
ַҲһмĻشѾ˵ˣҸͿǳλãֻǳϲҾܾǰЩ½ңҲӦҵΣҵ˽£޿ɷ棬ڳΪʲôҪǣԸ㣬ȻΪҵƷ
ۣ
Ʒ֣˷׷緹
ĩʵһҲǸ֮ѡ˵ı׼֮һղƳַ㣬Ҳţǰһǳָļ̳ߡ
սӦսٰԼƱ磬һʵųֻ³ϵûѡ̳£ǳϵѡҲ뿴ˡ
ַ򲻹ҲûʲôԷֵĵûУԵ̫û˵Ĺˡ
ǵĽʹǱĵĿ⣬ַȻһĲΪȻʱȺеҲڸȷǰַûκιϵ
ַɱħɱħԸ˸սĻѶԷˣԭԼĿˡ
ҲͷַıֵȷЩ̫ʧˣַֻҪԺѧԺĻᡣ
ȴܶԷսľĶûС
һˣôгͷصһ죬ôܴǿʢأϵ濴ˣԼ׷һų
ַȻ˵Ŀ˱ıϾһ£һذ׵Լ۹Уһ˿Ū֮ɫиеܲܡ
ַ㷴ʵѵΪ˵ҪһС޷ǿʢ𣿡
Ȼľĸ֮ǵĳ֮ˣ
˵ֻҪǿƺͿǳˣ
ǵȻˣ֮ǿ󣬻Ϊȥǰһǿ𣿡
ַ̾һ˵ˣǰɱϵǸ˽ûĶֵĻʱǲҪ𣬷Ҫǵĳˡ
˳ǵַͻȻ˶򲻹ĻַǲҲǵĳ˾˾ǵ˼𣿡
ַԼԼԼʳָ˹Լϸ۵ֶַһ˼Ц֪ߡ
ַװûĳЦСү˵ĶʵȺɥʬôСүĶ֣ѵԼʵʵ˵ǲ֪
ſڽࡣ
ַȻųղŵĻȴҲ˵мֵսַˣشϵĺˣѵǵĳְ֮Ҫ
߳ŭĽеӰӣ㲻öǣ˵Щһˣֻѿ֮ѵ㲻һֳ𣿡
˵㣿
ʱȻ
ãҾս棬֮˭ҳҽֵĻ˫ۣСүҼǹɱ񣡡
ַڱԼŭˣ֪ߵغԼսһϲɫ˵ȻԼ˾Խ㣬ղо仰˵ĺܺã˾һҲǹɱ񡣡


415  Ի
˾Ϣŭһҷϣ˾ְ֣Ը˾ѵѵ֪ߵغС
һַҪ֣˳ݺݽѵһַ㣬Ҳһ뷨Ǿַ㲻һпõС
ȫǵԼصʹǰԼַܰСʱԼȻ
濴һԼһۣе˵ͷ
µѾ˰㣬ǵսĽǰǿߣԼ֣ʰװǻƵС
ĬԼĺϾȻһ˿΢ЦԶԶȥ˵Ƥ
ǰƺչһ棬ַñذڵϴ󺰾սĽǸ߸̧𣬲׵˰գвŮӢۣʻ
ַĿ˲㻭棬ͻȻ䵽ϡ
ǾǰһõĻ棬ַĿƬƬƵƬɢ䵽˵ϣǲԾĴһսһ»ص˱ʵС
ǰͬǵĻŮĽĿⶼˣַֻ㳰ŪĿ
ַ¶һ˿ζЦѯղ
ͻȻ˵·ַղĻþУ˻þеһУųԷ̡
Ӱӣս
ղ̫ˣȴ棬Ҿܾսȥˣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ㲻䡣
ͻȻ档
ַɾܾԼͻȻ岻ˣ˵ԼͻȻͷĿѣˣԼû붯ˡ
ַȴֻ˵һ䣬ֱӵһ仰Ǿ㲻Ҷ֡
Ĺĵ˵˰ɣ
ַ㿴˿Ⱥеһۣ˵ղĳҲ˵仰ȴʵҴĻԣҽսȴ󲻸ҳǰ˳ĳȴֵҶ֣ҵȭͷ
ַ˵˶ΪַˣŻװǻƵ˵Щ
׷ҲΪǼȻ׷ַ㣬Ͳַܿ
ͻȻ˵Ȼ˶֣Ǳɣ

ʱһڲҽеĴУ۳֣ϡ
ΪַпãŴˣȴû뵽ַлӦս
۷˳еԼСȶڴûԱ޹أŵģΪǿĻ֮ڣĽûС
ҲǼɵ׷̫Űǵ˺ڷǣӰӳǵǿߣŻɱ˳ϡ
˵Ҳû۶ֵĵ
۽ְûð˼ֻСս
ǵ³ҵˣҵսͬսɣôŰ㣿
ͻȻɵˣȻַս۶ԵУҲûһ仰ŵƨĻԺûǻˡ
Ŀ֮£ĺȻЩ졣
оԼһ¶ڹ컯֮µС˶ڿЦһ˿߳ĵĻ͸ý۵ս
ȴûǸ
֮ǿڰǿǵһģɱǿߵԼðȻǰĻƬ֮ᱻ۴ÿ޵
˿ֿһ档
۲˽£Ⱥʮ߰ŮЦˣǷ׷׶ͰһѳԴϡ
һԲȻַܾܾԼսΪʲôԼͲܾ۵սأȴûַ޳ܣ˵ʲô㲻ҽ֣˵˵Ҳûš
ΪպǿߣգҲ໥д裬Լ˵ĻԼֻ±ȴӲţƤҪѿ
ɫͻȻñµҪѿ
ղַòײŽսΪַʵȴûϳǽԼַսһ£Աַʵ
ַȴı⣬ǵ˳
ʱ˿̣аԺڣΪʲôԼղŲַ֣ҵĽڡ
˵ӰӣǸղŵԼ㲻
ȻˣղŽԼϳҪȡսһ£ı⡭
£ַ㻹Ầ£Цδ⿪ˣСֺݺݵַšһ£ַʲôʱ޳ˣ
ȻҲһ㣬ַȴﵽһٶʮ㣬ټ񾪵սһʮǿߣδĶ֡
չһǿߣɱԷҪԻҲװɣ
ȵҾһ¸µĸУָһ
ڣɵһ㣬׷ҲЩη塣
ȴַ㣬׷ǰдǿߣҪ˵ǣ磬˭ǰ׷ҲǵĴ
Ƕ֣еȻЩɵӰӣδŵһˣһڰкļһȴδ¹
һˣӦò̫֡
ַںòֹԼսȻٸڵĻᡣ
ãҾͻӰӴ˵ĸС
˵Ȼַжô𾴣ʵк޲һȭַ㣬˵Ǳַ㣬Ҫٷ޳ı⣬Ҳݵˡ
ַ㵭ЦƺΪӰӴˣĪǳǵĳֺңȴҲˣ֪Լǰ׼˹ײûУҸղѾ˵ɱ񣬿ɲ㿪Ц
̣һ˭ɱ˭һأСȴ˵Ŀ񻰣·ԼѾ˶֡
Լƺ˶ԷһӰӴһҲԼȭͷ£ַǵĳҲǰĳ
ڼδδ£СһغϧСһ̤޵ĴţлǵĳЦ
ͻȻһַ㡣
춯صһȭЯ߿ֲϢַţһٶʮХҪѿиյĿ顣
Χ۵ĽͻȻ
ʲôһٶʮ⡭ֻ׷Ҳ˶٣
һٶʮյĳϣҲҵ֮
С֪ʲô˳ߣվǳһ¶䣬ֻĺѿ
˸ղһֱưٰãȴûסս˵̫Զһ£Ҫˣ
벻Сеֻǿϧˡ
۵ɫҲһ䣬ûϵǿڶԷȫǰ£ԼҪݱ壬ַȴһҲû
̾һǰַ㣬ȴûϵһ־Ѹ͵һֱַ˺ܶࡣ
ȥˣҲˡ
ַ㱾ǸðԼ˵һߣ϶ģȴһҲûжĪǱɵ
Ҳɫ䣬ַǳָĲѡˣԼôԵүС
ҪǣַˣһҲҲˣǳ֮λ
֮У̲סһۡ
ΪһҪʧ룬ϾŮַĹϵͬһ㣬ȴ۾֮¶˻볰Ĺâƺûаַսϡ
һˣ϶ҡ
ڿеı֮϶ַһкУҪȻҲ˲¡
϶˵ӣ˱ϼ˺Ȼ׵ϣһŽȥ
Ĺ̫ѸˣлǶһ㵣ġ
սսĽһϲɫ·Ѿַ㱻ȭ¡
ԼȭͷַԽԽҲǳ֮иʮģһȭַ塣
СղŶôţһᶼҪԼȭͷ¡
ַƺ΢һ£ȭͷȻĴַ£ֱַμס
漴һͷѵֱ۾Ȼַĸ첲ˡ

淢һҽͬʱһֻȭͷҲַ㡣
ַɿֻ֣΢΢һһֻ첲ɵļһֱֻۡ
ƴˣ
¶˾֮ɫҲû뵽ַ
ȭͷҪַ֮ʱַͻȻƶһԼ壬жֱۡ
ֱպܽӺãԺʵҲۿۡ
ŷŭˣڸղţ񿴸Сһ㿴ַЩͼıݣͻȻ֣ԭԼǸС
ԭַһֱڰԻԭַǿ࣬ԭԷһֱڿЦ
һʼַһʾѶԷһͷִַʵĴҪԵԷʱȴͻȻֶԷȻһͷ͵ϻ
ȴһֻϴĺӡ
ֱһַ̣¶ĿһŴأĴξһˣΪһصĳ
˫Ÿǽµʯ̤ˣ˸һ㣬һͷײַţԼýߣҪҧԴײҲҪԷƴͬھ
ַͻȻǰһұͻȻסԴһ

ԴͻȻըɫ׵ĺߺѪԽһʮ֮Զ
õս˾һ޵кԴȻַĸ첲ֱӼбˡ
ַ΢΢һ֣Ƭһ˵ϣ˵˵Լɱģˣ


416  һ
ܶ˵ʱɵˡ
Уַҷһҷϣȴɱʵһλս˾һλһٶʮǿߡ
ַ̫Χ۵˲ɵС
ַʤˣʤף˼¸첲ͬ۸˰㣬ɾ۶첲ӼһԴ
ڵϣͷ­Ѿرε棬˶˵
սһø첲ղսַ㣬ֱַܵ˵֣ǸղӰӴ˾ܾսĻ˿Ѿˡ
˿Ѿˣ⼸˵Ҫ˱жˡ
ĽвȻŭҲû̵ģղַһ㲻ҽ֣͹˸ˡ
ͬ˿ȴ˵˱ַ㻹һ仰
ǸˣҲԣοˣǵսսպյĴ󽫾
ڵսӵкպޱȣͷһս˾ʬ֮ʱеŭʱɡ
У֮Ŀ־塣
ˣû֮ûΪǿ󣬶ַ㲻м֡
ԭԼΪԷмԼ֣żһһ̣оԼ񱻱˰·ڴ֮ͥ¹չĶһѿ
ڸеͬʱҲڰҡ
ҿַƲԼҪȻԼĻᶼûˡ
ղţԼ棬ַĿⶼһȺ·ٿһֻϷˣĺӡ
Ƭ֮ǲ֪ԭĺԼַˣˡ
̾ϢΪ˻ȥʱԼܰⶫ̫Ҫһ룬ҲоԼղűַжôѿˡ
һս˾ͻȻ˵ӰӴ˵ֶεڼ֮ڱɱ˾ʤףҿյĳϳҲûӰӴ˵
˾һ˵ٽ׷׵ͷ˵ֱ֮ǰĳȷй֮
ѾˣӰӴ˵ȷǳָļ̳ˡ
ӰӴ˵ĻԺʢ
һʱ֮䣬˵Ľս˾ڿҫַ㣬ǶַĻҲɣĩ֮ʲôҪ
ûʵ
գûеڶ˸Ҷģ磬Ҳû˸Ͻа塣
⵱ȻΪϵƷǿ󣬶κǰѹԵ
ʵϣҲַֻյˣŻҴ꣬˵ԼƷǿ
ղ˵˰ԼƷκãеĽȻУСĻݡ
˶첲бԴӮ˵𾴡
ڴ֮ǰеĽֻĽһӰӣڣЩս˾뽫ǣٴַʱȴηĳƺΪӰӴˡ
׷Ӣһϲ⡣
ַڲʱڣɵĻɱ棬׵ͬһֻϣҲַֻڳ֮ϡ
ڴ֮ǰַһٽ͡
˵Լǵĳ֮λǳһٶΪѣ¡
ַ˵⻰ʱ˶Ϊǵ˱˻ԡ
Ϊհյģ˳֮λⱾĸ˲˷ܵĺ˵˵
ڣȴû˻롣
ַΪʲôڰĬĬţȴһɳ죬⵱ȻΪͷӵֵͬʱΪ֪
죬ڳϵ£ŷųҫ۵Ĺâ
ĿͻȻһ˿ʡ
ղ˶ʱĶΣѵľַ١
òַҲûǰǿѵַ㣬֮֮ǿΪʱ£
ǰһ˵ӰǽϿеˣҿȫʤʱڣҲδؼӰ
ַӿ֪֮У˵СүҲΪġ
ϵڲԶԼ˵Ļ˵ڵĴˮԼһ
ԼֵܵķϣԼ͸ɣ
ֻ˵վĻҰҲᱻ˳ǵַѹˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬻Ŀ˲ԶһۣĿд⡣
˿̵Ǻ죬ͬŮ˼һͷ֪ʲô
⻰ַźܲ
СүʲôʱѹǰˣǰеɥʬΪеĻԼôɱһ仨ˮأ
˵⻰֮󣬾Ȼв˴
ȻΪĻ˵ĺܶԣַеȷԼɥʬǿ˵Сүַ㡣
֪ʱϵǰЩǣ˾ǣʹǻһ飬ǻ᲻һصӣ
ַʵǰַ𣿡
ҶַҲֻֻ˵ַеĵһǿߣհ뽭۶Ǹ֮֡ҸǾ֮ǵʹ˵ǸħЩҰǲ֪жӢǸħϡҲˡ
˵˵ţͻȻ˲Զ䣬дŵĵ˵˵˳λַǿߣ˾Ϥĺܡҵ˾˳ǵַӰȣ֮˭˭ǿ
ַĵȻǲʤˣԼԼܣֳܷʤĻǾǻ֮ˡ
̧ͷ˿ַްƵףȻ˵ִкü²ˣǼ֮ǰִ磬ȻλӰӴˣִеţ⼸Уִǿ˺ܶ࣬ҿִӮӰӴȻѣӰӴҪӮִҲͬס
⻰һڣʱŭ
Щαַشвַٰ֮ɱ仨ˮ
Ȼϰпưϣ֮ǵĳͻϣ֮ǵĴսҲ˺ܶ࣬СģĳͻȴûжϹ
ַϵɥʬǿ߸ǲԣжַ֮ǵǿҲǶ಻ʤ
Ѿͷ˵ֱ̫ʣһһִ磬ȵĲˣѾͷ벻ŭѡ
ˣԼƭַôӰӴ˵Ķ֣
ٻǵС˾ȻĶħַ㴵̫꣬Ҫˡ
˾໹ɥʬôΪħ˵
İ࣬Ҿֵһ𷢱С˵İٻǡ
ǧ˵Ȼ޾ɫ˵ַûɱǰٻǵˣҸ御ûշֻǰٻڻдֵܽãΪȱѪܱôַ㣬ȴԶмִ硭
˵⻰ʱһƽĻҲһȸղŸӿĺȻҧűݣþǿĿ֮ǵʹǶӡ
ô˵ָȻԥΪַ绤ӡʱΪĹۡ
ƾɥʬǿߵУȻΪַ绤һ㣬ͽжһ˿ء
ʹΧ䣬ǰͻȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬ϸǹõı顣
Ů䳤̫ˣ۾
һذף㣬һȹĻֻжӿԼվӵĸо
֪ʲôԭ򣬿ܾƺǡ⡣
ַͻȻһЦ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
˶ףַΪʲôͻȻ˸ˣַֻԴ֪ЦΪΧ
Ȼַ㼫кøУַЦΪַǱ䣬˲
ǺҴйƻ˵֪ӰӴΪԼַĻмɵʤ㣿
û飬˴²⣡
ܶཫʹǺַ˵ֻҪԼַ㣬ͻַĵĻַȴ˵һǺʧһ仰
Ҳ뵽Ӱ̫͵ŲԸ˵ʲô󻰣ҪȻҲǿ֣ȴڰĬĬˡ
ͻȻ˵ӰӴ˴ɱ˳ǵʱ򣬲֪𣿡
˵⻰ʱи¶̵ĺ⣬кãַ㰵ˣС˺ң
˵Լʲôʱ˵Ҫ˳ˣ
ַͻȻ𵱳ֹ򱱾ǵʱԼʮ׷ɵһ롣
Ϊ£Ż˼Լɣ
ԼʵһĻֻҲ˵ͷԸԼ
˲ǲ֪кܶ˶Լ֮ǣȻԼɰԼӿˡ
ֻҪлᣬԼҪ취׷Ϊ
ҪȻЩ׷ǣͻǵӰֹ˳Ѫ⡣
ַ˵Թǲ˿ԼйݴԱȷҵݡȻˣλΪҲָܳɣҡײƭĻھߣ
ӰӴ˲Ҫߣǵһս֧ӰӴ˼ǳְ֮
ǵսҲ֧ӰӴˡ
ǵսҲ֧ӰӴˣӰӴ˽ǵĹݣ
սʱɵۡ
ս˾ǰӦڳϷɥʱ֧ǳ֮λڣ˾뽫Ǿ׷׷ˮȫͶƾðַ㡣
ԼƴһϮɱ˳ϡ
죬һȴַ㣬Ǳַ㼷Դޱȡ
Լһ˸ˮһգ˲һָǲսս


417  ɱ
мʣвʣмĽ̫ೣķӸ顣
Ϊյõǵĳ֮λԼѾôࡣ
һΪ˼£ԼѾСˣ涼뵽ˣȴΨû뵽ϻһѡ
һʹԼļƻʧܡ
ӰӵһƬ֮Űɱ棬Ӯս˾֧֣ϡ
뵽Щս˾׷ױ壬һ̳Լתַ֧㵱ǵĳиǴЩ޳ܡ
ѵ˴սĽδزӰӵĶ֣ȴһһ
ɺޣɺޣɺѽ
Щ̰ļһѵǲ֪һĸ
һߵЩ£һȻַ㣬ָǽսսĵһַ㣬еŭ𣬷·Ҫַڻˡ
Щע⵽еķŭԼһַ㣬Ȼͼַһ΢ЦĿȻвûаλѾĩ·ʵȨɽ
˸оܱߵĿȻţǵͷ·ѹһʯͷЩĸо
Ŀ⿴ַɱ֮Ѿסˣȴûдȡѵ
ģҪַ㷢ս
УַѾ˳ԽϵĴڣڶʱ֮ǿ٣Ҳ޷ַᲢۡ
Ȼҳַһ߹ȥвΪкá
ƥһŭҲѪǵǱַɱѪֶθŭˣ˲žַƴˡ
ȻⳡսյĽû̫ǽв˰
벻˾Ǹӣ
ӰӴ˵ĻҪ˵Էˣֻŵ·ˡ
˾ȥȻ裬еģϧˡ
һַ㣬ַ߰׵ĵطվ˫üͬһ㵹
ԸӰӴ˳֧ӰӴ˵ǳ֮λ
ͨ
ͨ
˷׷׵ڵأղŻŭڵȻַʾղŻϿҫйĽǣ֪ԼϹۡ
ԭһˣŭڽüģ˶ΪƴһԳȫֵ֮塣
ȴû뵽ȻûǰΪ˸汨𣬶ΪַģԼΪַƴԼѽ
һʱ֮䣬۾°Ѿʵϴ˵ڵصǱ˴
⡭ôû
ѽһˣȴɱͬ˱ϥҪѽ
ҲܹӰӴ˵Ļô
ַͶϣһ˿֮ɫ
ҪԼ¹ַЦ˾Ҳĳ
Ϊʲôܱ˵ЧҳȴΨܾңҲ
˳ôģΪʲôǵˣ
ַ⻰˵ĺס
ȣָϵйأߣַԼǣΪ˸ֻعԭڡ
Щ˻Ƶ˵ҲӰӴ˵ʲôʲôϵݺ˾
̧ͷ飬ϵûκθϵ𣿡
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ַ㣬ѱ˶ĿУ˰ӢۻСˣûκεĲͬ

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˵Լ뿪ǣٴμʱ˫ͻ
˵ˣԼֻн飬׷ԼǰϵҲûУԼαǵ


420  ɱ
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Сץַĸ첲ϣһ˷ܵʵָ磬ʲôʱ뿪
ʲô뿪˵Ļ𣿡
㲻˵Ϊ˸һһ׽˳ǵ˵ˣҲˣϵĺҲˣǵĳֻҪһ仰Ϳ԰ǵĳκ뽻𣿡
ַһɻʵ˵Ҫǵĳ𣿡
ѵҪ
⣡
۾Щֲеˡ
˵м£ʮˣʱˣڹʱͶԼˣô˵ǰǸצģӣԺ˭Ҫ㣿
¶Ŀˣ˦ң˵Ľˣڶȫ಻ܲˣȴĸԸڰȺѪĳ˵㾿ǿǿ䣬ǲΪڳŲϻط˳ǵģ
ַƱʲôʱ˵ˣ
ɫ߻װ㲻ǿǣΪʲôֲĶ˵ޣˣ˵㾿˭
ȷΪеһˣŲ뿪ǵ𣿡
ȷٷְȷ˵㾿еĸ
ðɣͬʱ
ᣬСȭͷϵĴַŵ㡭̰ĵɫߣȻһӿϳĿˡҶһȴң
㲻ԸԼط˳ǣҾ㣿
Σ֮㻹֪أ˵Ҳ˳ǣǾ뿪ġָ磬ǻսȫеżûƷ顭
ַϽס˵ˣҵݱĻǽɥʬһƴ𣿡
˵ɣΪʲôҪ֪Ϊν㣿
ַͷѾͷȻ֣ܺҲ̫иǶٲµһЩ£ַһص˵£ΪҪҳش˳ϵĺˡ
ʲôɱϵˣѾɱҵĽҲˣѵ黹Σ
Ȼû˼򵥣ǸֻһѣȻʤ˳ϣȴɱҿشϵˡǵˮأܶǻû¶ˮ棬ʵʵȼ쿴ŰɣǺܿҪӭһµȷѪˣ
ʱַ֣ıμļ磬ַ㵱ȻһھܾǳԺ⣬Ҳȥ
еᣬѪơ
ַȻǶʲôԣţȻԸðɥʬȥִȳζѪ
ȴû˵һִַȥ˵ԼŮǰ˺ڣһַܱȥ
ַ㲻ȥĻûԼŮǰˡ
ַģѵΪԼ̫˧ŮˣԼŮýˣ
ýַϵԼŮýǵһμ
ַһĲ죬Ͻһ
ַ֪Լ´ˣŮʮ꣬˵ҪСϰ꣬ȻŰŮͳȥ
Ů֮Ҫַ㣬ҲǽַӰӳǷâ̫ʢɱɱ̫ͷŮӢ۵˼
ֻһŮȻŮ˼ֻкƤַ㡣
ַ㰵̾ȻǸθеϵԼȥĻȷŮǰоԼûӡ
ַΪѣӦ


421  ڰ̾Ϣ
ȥĸۡμҹһ£ַװģһȥ
ȴ˵ɥʬǿ߾ۻʮֶģһȺ˶ŴȳζѪ˴˺
ЩʱȻЩ
˵ĺЩȳζѪһڣҲ֮ܰڳԵз³
ֻһ仰ȥȥҲȥҲֶĵĶ
Ѿͷ˵ʲôҲȥַ⡣
һŮúºԼֶԼϱʾøеĻһ֪ʲôأ
һĻʱǺɷ羰
˵ˣԼ˵ʲôҲǵĳԼѾͷڴ֮ͥһ٣Ǻû
ԼѾԸıòʹԼģԵ̫˧ˣ۵ȻŮԶ⣬Լô磬ҲªԵ
ԼߵִСŮſţɣ֪ǲ˧еķգ
ַס֮ʱ֪Լƭˡ
ļ磬ֱǸ߲һС;ۻᣬǹȥĵһȻС
ڣȻҲڡ
ӢЩүûɷ羰˿ַ̣㲻ɵð̾ԼڱеľǶôӢ
Ѿͷ֪䶼ļϵĻ˵󺰴еַֽ޹顣
ȻˣҲΪļֻСŮûеʲô
ͬŮУĿɰԼ޵еģѾͷȻҲ֪ԼεĿɰ˫òƴĴ۾ǲ֪ɱ˵Ŀ⡣
ɵֻֿ켫ŮζŮ
ŮȻûΪϲбɰŮһޢŮȻڰˡ
֪ҲļϵĻַѪ˵ٶģѾͷҲ᲻һеμⳡġ
ַΨһвǣŮֳ
ĶǵĴԼ֮ٮٮߣʱûнŮͰɣ
ַ㣬ĿԵһ£漴һνģ
ַпЦ֪ǲǲµԼݣ
ַ㵹Լݱ֪֪ˣԼĸ飬ҲὫй¶ȥвԼ
Ȼ䣬ƺûдӳجĵӰ˳ȴû̫˵ĺۼ
ȻˣҲûи˵ɫ
ĲãɷѿģԲβ֣ûר
ȻǵǳϵӣĵһˣַĻֻл᲻ã˲֡
ַ֮촽һׯ˵˵ܲΪӣصӰǡҲллӰΪȷ˴˲Ų뻨˾ǰȷĺѣŰһ˹
ַ֪뻨Ϊʲôϡ
ԭⶼ⣬뻨⣬ַ˵ܾ⡣
뻨Ϊǰϵĸ˹ϵ
ַ㵭Цֻ⻰˵̫ˡ
һʵǵˣӰӳǵĺҲӰɱˣΪʲôӰ˵أѵ黹Ļɣ
ַ㲢ûн˵£ץϵһѪƳɵѪƣһȥ
ѪƳɵѪƣʹȻʹõѪԱޣʹ֮Ѫȳ֮ζѾȥ
ټϾƾķͣʵѪǰĸ߼Ʋ࣬ѪƵĹʮֵĸӣҲֻ䣬ݵ˲źȵ
ڸһѪַ֮ЦþƣþơҹⱭϴߣɳĪЦս˻ء˰ѾƱѪˮԱеĺ֮飬˵ѾƣǰѪơ
ַ˵⻰ʱ֮֮ʵòʱŮģһׯϵĿУҲ¶͵ɫ
ַ⸱ģ˭ַ֪ǸƷߵƵ⺺أ
ַ͵͵һۣԼ˵ϵĴñ˵̫ʱС΢΢һ£ַȴûмղŵĻ⡣
ʱһʮ꣬ģŮŮ£˴УŶʱַʶʢ
ַղʶʫźܶ԰ĺӶܱеĳ
˿ַžƱˮѪһҺʿʶƴʫǽ˵иߴ˺ܶࡣ
ҲַղʶʫرϽգҲΪʶʫǴַ㡣
ҲĩĲпУ˶Ϊ˻ȥȥѾûȤʫˣŻԵַ˿Щڲͬ
ַװ˿֮ȻȻİĿ䵽Ůϡ
ղСŮΪӣСѾͷǽˣ
Ǻַ㾴һƣְߡ
ַϸ۲Ů
ģŮҪҪһЩҪ˵ɰʣŮǲ
ҲСԭ֮һŮȴһֳŮеľĩǰ֪Ź㡣
ŮȻǼƯȴһֺĸоģ˭֪ǰŮһ뿪Ѫͻȥɥʬأ
գȲңҲ塣
ַ㣬üֹҲ֪˵ʲôȴʲôҲû˵
Ȼоǰ˾ַ㣬ȴҹַѯ£˻ַݵĻֻպܻܲ뿪ǻǸ⣿
ͷ£ȻȱŮֳһҲޣַƵҪ
䣬ǸһľɫŮȻɰҲһԼµŮ
ַ㱾ΪһǺ޵ҹǴһȴ£˾ȻЩͶĸо
ַ˸뿪ܸ
ߵʱĿ¶һ˿ʧƺַǰȥ
ҲԼŮеܣò׼Լеż񣬵ַ˵˼仰ҪҴ뿪Ҳѹģ
ȥַ㡣
ĻһڣвԾһ˿Ľ֮ɫȴ˼Խݣһȥַ㡣
Ǿɳ׵ݡ
˵ųϵʱ䲻ҲͰʱѣഺ껪Լϲˣ˱ԼҲˡ
϶ǵӰ̫ˣ³ˣҲû˸Ҵ⣬ԱʾҲû˸ҽʾá
棬˿ҪֱʱԵƲ֡
ַҲЩơ
ºԼŮ㣬ַӦøеҲŶԣƲֵģҲܲζ
ַ˵ңǲǸоʧûã
ʹҡԼСԴ˵ӰӴлҪúܶ࣬ᣬӢڰ֮ѷ֣ҿһУУûӰӴᲢۡ
ַаЦԼ⻹Ӣѽ
Լ¶ԼĿĻСŮ˧ˣǰƻͮͶ˵ԼĻҪƯ
Դ˵ʮգҺܸӰӴμҵᡣ
ַкգԭʮգ
ԼҲ̫ģϾȻû˵ףûиľСЩ
ַкյǣԼԸᣬֻǱû취ӲͷƤܸġ
˿ʾл⣬ַҲЩ΢΢ա
ַ˵֪ʲôԸûд⵱ȻˣҴһԸԴΪ
ллӰӴ磡
һ㽵˵ǰʼҾѪܻȥһֱһ룬ǾԺԲʳѪӰӴ磬ܲܽԺʳѪȻܹȥ
ַʱп񺹡
СѾͷǰԼˣɥʬôܲʳѪأɥʬʳѪĻǾͱˣ
ԼµĻͰ࣬ط˳ˣСŮԼĸ׼ӹٽԼɵ
ȴԼһ⣬˵Լһʮ󳬼սʿǶһ㡣
ַ¶Ϊ֮ɫᷴοַ˵ӰӴ粻ص£̫쿪ˣҵĸףǰĳ綼ûа취ңҪ˵ңԼֹͣʳѪҪ˵һСŮˡ
ĴĿ⣬ַиΣ̲ס˵ӣҴӦ㣬Ժ飬ֻҪлᣬ֮⣬ҲҪϻκѪë
ӰӴ磬ܲҶлл㣬ҽյ
ַ˵仰ʱƺԶһŮ̾Ϣһ̾ϢᣬȻûַȴˡ
Ǹںڰ̾ϢŮ˭


422  Ů
ᣬַںڰиԼһŮ˵ȻôãΪʲô
ִ硭
Ӻڰ˳һãĻַ㲢ûзϣǵ˵Ϊһһףûܹϳˣȴû뵽Ȼû㣿
㵱ȻңԻԼģı˵ıӰڵ֮ʱеЦݻǻż֮¶ġһʱȴ޷ңϵζҲ¶ݣǰһֱûл῿㣬һֵʱҽһ£ϳ㡭
ַ΢΢һΪԼװ繻ˣһ˵֪Լ⸱װ紦ԼװỹУװԱĻʹ©ˡ
ԼϵζûпڸǣûϵԼˣҪȻ˴⡣
ϳԼݵˣҪȻԼд鷳ˡ
ڵǸܡ
֪Ҳκ˵ģѵִҶţ
Ȼ㣬ڣ಻֪¡
ǳأ
Ҫţѵ֪ܵıҪ𣿡
һʹʵزᶨĿ˵ˣŵӱңҲ˵һ䲻ִĻ
ַ㵹ĳŵΪһԳеŮһһȻı䣬Ҳ˽ˣȴ˽ԼŮˡ
ִ磬Ҹо̫޷ˣȻǳϵѣУӦþ͸һͷŶԡ
ַ㵱Ȼ֪Լϵϵ¶֮󣬻ʹô𾪡
һУûκɥʬǿѣһַȴɣϽΪֵܡ
ʹãһľƷչһȫͬĵ·
ַЦҲûʲôֵģʵԶС˵дԣңǳϣǶѰҽĩĿԣڷ˳ǵѪ⣬ֻǼƻеһ³ԡ
ĿȻ˵ԭĩܽĻǾ̫ˡ֮ǰѪ⣬ֻΪٻѪԴݽߣŲòΪ֮ҲףǿͨԼŬһпѵġִõСõĵطֻΪִ룬뻨ԸΪִκ¡
ĩҪܶ˵ŬȻҲҪŬĩȴһһϦ飬Ҳ֪Լܲ£ĩбԼǶİ
ˣ뻨뿪ǣԺС£ǰκεǿ
ַҲ˵ͷ뿪֮ԼܸûǣңиǲǵǹɵѾԽԽûˡ
ֻǺܿͻԼ̯ơ
ЩвԼһԼܴ鷳ˣԼ鷳ͻٺܶࡣ
и벻ףʳͬɻ
ִ磬֪̰ȨƵˣҪ˵ǵĳˣֻҲϵĴѱΪʲôִ绹Ҫأ
µļƻַ̻ţȻˡ
ַֻǵ˵Ϊкܶû꣬һǵ˽ˣһҲΪס𣿡
ַڻص֮󣬷ˣȻûд򶷹ĺۼʹַĵȴû˿ļ١
Ȼ֣ȴ԰֮ûʲôøУǾҹҴܵģȥܵĻһǱץˡ
ֳûмҵĴ򶷺ۼȻһ֮ס
ܹһ֮סǰĵһǿ߳Ҳһ㣬ԼȻҲ
±ԼɱĺˣҲһ֮ס
ѵڻǿǿߣһֹ֮סǲ˵ҲܺɵסԼ
ȻİΣģַҲ֪ĿǰӦûΣգҪвԼ͵Ȼ
Ҫɱ˵Ļͽɱڱǽˣַ㷢֣Լǵ͹
죬ʧٱΣԼǰ󲻹뿪˼Сʱʱ䣬ʧˣδ̫ˣ֪Լȥܸ˲࣬Ҳȼ˶ѡ
Ȼ⼸֮У˽Լ뿪Ϣ˳ȥԼĵжԼڵʱ䣬
ڶһ磬ַƽ˾ĸַһϢڳͷϵʬ壬ҹﱻ˵ˡ
˭ߵģӢµȴûзκ
ַϣַ㽫˵ʬڳͷϵʱѾԼǹĴڡ
˵ʬڳǽϣҲַΪ̽ԷķӦȡһ̽
ҹ˵ʬڼڰڵļ£صĵˣǼڰڣûзߺʬ˵һ˿
Ҳ֤ʵַеĲ²⣬ȴûϵԷ֣Է֮ǿԶԶַڵ
ԼϲĻǸߺʬ°ǿߣش˳ϵĻס
Ҳ˵Ӱӳɳǿǣû¶ӰӳǿߣҪԶԶǿԼɱˡ
Ӣ۵ɫʱúѿ
ڴ֮ǰַѹǣҪҹߺ˵ʬ壬ַľ֮ǸǽʬԵİ˺ü
ǵһŬȻ׷ˣ˵ʬǵƤӵ±˺˵ʬ壬ַ֪᲻Ϊ˲ȻŭһȺ
ַֻǵ˵ͷûŭֻǷƵ˵Сҹﱻ°ˡ
ʲôСϹﱻ°ˣ˭󵨣
СϹ֣ԼǰųҲֻǲһѣʲôб°СϹ
Уٽ׷
׷и¶˲ŵĿһսǿս̵ӡ
׷֣Ҳֻƽֶѡ
ȴҹﱻ°ˣôܣС°߱˻࣬ôˣ
ɫһӱѿ˵ɫ֮ѿӢȣҲС״֮
ַһµļ٣뻨ҲǱģڴ֮ǰǲַ֪Ҫȥܸһ¡
Ψһ֪ģֻŮᣬ߾ǵĵһ°飬Ȼַ뿪֮󲻾÷ġ
̫ˣ벻ϻɶѣԼŮȻỳɣ֮ǰֻǴӦŮҪַַܸͣʲôʱȴûиŮ
ֱַ֮ǰİСʱŰϢᣬҲԼŮŲҪŮһϲ
ַ֮󣬸ﶼûȥǸŮ֮⣬Ψһ֪߾ˣΪϵףƺûгַɡ
Լַ㣬ỳԼΪԼģַڵԼĸϲã㷢¡
ղַڴ֮ͥ˵ЩǲлԼ˼أ
ͻȻ亹ֱ߳Ⱥ˵ȥүĹӰүѣҸүһӰûκεĹϵ
֪
ַ˵ȻƽһЩǶַż¶һüëģ
ַȴһƽ·°ߵֻһĮɵˣ˭֪ϵеˣַڵıŸ벻
ͻȻưˣַģ֤ԼûκιϵַǰŸȥܸ°ߣҲֻɺϣĿⰲš
Ļû˵ַ꣬һ˵֪ˣַģƺûл˼һ̣ӿʿΪ֪ĸж
ַڽΪַȥƴĻһ˿ԥ
üͷһҹ֮°СϹͬʱ߳ͷϵʬ壬ڳкĸ
֪°Сϵ˭
ַ˿϶Ŀ뵽һˣʧеѵɷˣ
Ϊʲôܻأ
е𾪴˿̸Ըӡ
ҹ֪ҲԼŮˣȻԼŮ֪Լûгַ㣬Ψһɵ˱ʣˡ
ȴҲһйء
Ļ˵Ϯһйȫǵ˶֪ĸ鼫ãûκαѳϵɡ
ۻŮҲϲԼɷ򣬲ѱƵıȥֻгڣǸŮԶҫŮˡ
ˣλĳŮŮҲܱԼɷ򵱳ʱҫ
ַȴие˼顣
ΪʲôҪ°СϹأѵүҲй𣬷ûκģѵǷ˲ɣ
ֵıϮһкҪĹϵһԿ϶ΪʲôôҲ˵Ը಻ֿԱвȵŮˣӰӳȻҲвȲΪʲôҲŮ˾Ǹͷβķӡ


423  ݻħ
оһʹ
֮۾ʱԼѾһڰУеǽڸ⻬ڻ޷С
ҵǽ嶼кϽɣǿҲ޷ͻǰҡ
һиǰ
ַǰ߻أͻȻһˣǸʲôʱģȻ޲ǸӰ·һһ㡣
˭ʲôʱģϽ뿪ҪȻҵĴĲ㣿
ͻȻо˵ĵЩ㣬˼Ȼ֪ҪϮɱĻȻҲ׾ٵ
֪Ϊ˿һ˿⡣
ˣȻװϿɽԺе˲࣬ǰĺˣȴҪַںɽԺɱǿ̫ࡣ
˲ûһĤгʧˣавá
ḻٵо飬жϳĺ˲ʧˣ˵ƶٶ̫죬Ĥ޷׽ԷӰ
а̾ԷٶȹȻˣٶȶۣӵٶȵַ㣬ҲҪǰ˲˺ܶࡣ
ںɽԺϵ˵Ļɱһǡ
ĸǰԼЩ׷ûа㻹֮۵˵Ļֻǻûаγȫɱˡ
ǰһУ͵һʹȫʧȥ֪ǲܿƵĵȥ
ѹʱѾһƬʲôҲûеС
Լ˽ٳˡ
ڰҹʱһ˱ؽУСſصٶȼ죬۾ӦĺڰǰݴŹ֮£Ȼûп屻˭
տʼΪַ㱻ץ˽
ǳ˽˵ʵ˹Ȼַ㽻ֵĻַȻԼãȻ޷ʤˡ
˵ַھ㷹ص֮󣬱סץжʱЩȸԾ
ַҲˣԼаˣ
Ӧеĺڰ֮ϳؽ˾Ȼǰٻǵĳ䡣
ͻȻһսֻץŮץԼץ˷Ư䣬ѵǴ˵רץƯŮĴݻħ
Լò䵽Ǹ߻ħ񲻲ˡ
ͻȻ˹ȥĶֲֿ£ҹڷߵҹһЩǿı̬ˣרų͵ϮŮ
ץסŮ֮󣬸ǰЩŮץһڵУõƤ̶ֿԸЩŮѵԼ˴˵еĴݻħ
Ҳ˹𾪿ֲ֮ЦЦοУһӣȻʱƢһ㣬ȴԲ
ȻûʲôøУ˿˴еİοʱЩж
ȻǿϾʮ꣬ϣԶԶû죬İο֮£ɰèһ㵹ĻУԼеĵ˵
ݻħ˶ʱЦ
Լ䵽ݻħˣ˵ʲôʱͻᱻǸħףԺԼӳȥԼѾʧʲôĿȥַ㡣
̧֣ḧ⻬ѧͷ̫ڵĻһԿСԴһ֮䣬һͷ㷢ͬ˰ӡ
ǸĺӣãҲ룬°ʵеһͨˣһˣôݻħأ
һĶȥЩĵĹºŪңŽ뵽Ƿȥˣ
ŰķŻ˶˱ַ㣬Լȥĳ˼ǿߣȻʲôݻħ
Լ̫ϧԼſɰСˣټĶھԼԼŻ뵽Ƿȥɣ
ֵͷ˵Ǿͺãǵָǰɣ
С㣬Ǹܡ
ţ
ͻȻһǽͻȻĹֱ˽Ӧ˳ʱĺڰ֮óʱ䣬۾пһ㶫
ǿվŵŮ֮ʱͬʱסˡ
ԼˣһŮˣǸŮһƯ۾ǵθʮ
ŭˣԼһϲŮˣȻԼеŮˣץΪʲô
û˵˵һڽҿˣɱģҲ㣬ǰ˶벻ףʲôܹߵĽһ֣ԭǸ㣬ֲÿƭ磿
ûһ˿ɫֻ䵭ĵͷ˵һ鶼ġ
ûκκôɱ˳磬ѵǵĳܵõȳ統ʱҪĺô𣿡
˫˵޵Ŀ⣬޺˵ǰӦֻҪɱ˽ϣұǳְ֮Ҵвòκκô෴һʧȥԼϲˣ֮ȴΪ㣿
Լͬ۾ɻʵɱ˳磬һֹʲô£
㷢ϲһ˵ʱ򣬶Ǹȴƫƫϲ㣬л룿
˵粻ϲ㣬ڣ˭֪㰮䱦
䱦ҵֶˣ䱦ҹӵҵʱȴһŮ˵֣ҶһŮ˵֣УҲǱ˵һƷ
˵ӵ壬ȴһŮ˵ֵʱͻȻˡ
µ˳ϿкŮ˭
ڹȥ϶ζĽ֮⣬ͨ׷Լϧֻһַ㣬֮Ҳûзʲô
˵ϽˣŰһΪԺ᳹ԼˣҲһֽѵĿС
ȴûϵȢȴһòΪƵŮǸŮΪϲˣкŮֶɱġ
ٺŮȻ֣ߵĽһߣڱоĵϮɱ˳ϡ
Ӱӳǵ˽ϵͷһ֪ˡ
һһٵ˵Ǹӣ
ҾǸӣϲһиȴʼ㣬ҲǺ֣ɱҲҪɱҪ׻ཨǣҪΪԼĸĶصĴۡ
Խ˵ԽŭµپȻЩŤ
еȴһ񾲣·һֻķݣֵȻɫӼŭ
ڿĿһֱкøУΪ绨ˮʧȥԼİ˶
죬ȴ֣ϾȻǰŮɱģһҲġ
ŮѾˡ
ڷӣֻд
һȣͬʱһһš


424  ˾ͳ
ǵ䵽ĵطͻȻ˰УҲǰƶһһ͸ǽӲס޼᲻ݵ
ͷȻοҲεǽҵײиð˵⡣
Ȼ޷͸ǵεϣ䵽Ů˵ϡ
ϮԼûЦʮ֮һ󣬷˳ŮǿȻС
㡭ʶң
¶˲ı飬˫۾ǵɵüΪˣѵԼղżʱ򣬱¶Լ
ͷ˵ַ㶼˹ʶĿҡѵΪǵݺѱ𣿡
ַǵȷ̫ͷˣһǿĺ棬ɵıַŰɱ
ַ̫ǿѾע⣬㰵еַ㣬ڰȥҲûв鵽˵κϡ
ʱоͶַɣΪǰ֮ǿߣȴȷַݡ
Ϊ˽һַ̽㣬û֪ͨɽԺ˱ַܿ㣬ַںɽԺɱ˵ʱַ
ۣӢ˶ԳĹǰµУһַģûжַй˿Ļɡ
Ϊиһɿ
ȴΪΪв˱ɷǿȻַ㲻԰磬Ǿˡ
֮зͷȻǻսַˡ
˳֮ңȴַչ֮ǵĹ¡
ַɱ֮㻳ɣӰӵݱַ㡣
˵Ϊĵһǿߣַδܰɥʬǿ֮ӦΪͷַָ˵ŶԣȴַΪһЦ֮
еǿҵϣһҪϳѵַ㡣
Ҳֻ赭д˵ǲȥַ㣬ַ۽Ҳҵġ
Щ֮ǵĳǣ˭ȥַ㣬Ը
ʱоַĹϵܲ򵥣Ȼû뵽ϻַѡ
ˣһǰĵһǿߣһȫϵĻս˵ѣֻû˻š
һʼҲţϳַ㣬ֻ»ûܹɵɱԼˡ
ٺӰӳǵǿ֤ʵӰӱַ㡣
ַ֮ҲȷһֲΪ֪ܹϵϵΪ˳ܲҲ֪顣
Ŀ˵û뵽ǿ߾Ȼĵӣǽꣿ
ʲôεģӶıɱ׷ָ棬ʲôСֵģŮ˸ϽɱңҪȻһӵģ
СãҲãҲãҴûɱĴ㣬ֻҪԸ⣬ԺԶǺýá
ޡһǸ񶾵ŮԼɷ򶼲ŹоͶĵĲˣôã
ķŭûе£Ҳ֮У෴ŻеĪ
ñ˵Сڳַ֮ҷԴŪڹ֮ϣҲΪʲôΪСԡܽŪڹ֮ϣҲҳ׻ǣַһūʱʱɱˣҪھȥ
Ǹ̬ķӣɱ˳㻹Զòģִ磬ûһܹùȻҲ⣬³ҵǸ˷㣿
ҵòϵģҲõҲŻֻҪҵòĶҲõ
ֱ
ЩŤף̾ϢһŤŮˣֻӦóЩ׵Ĺ͢У벻ĩҲŮˡ
ָ̾˵Ĳ˵һ죬ΪԼ޴ľһӵģʱһĻڿѾʼԼΪˣ
仰ͬһذըըҡҡλΡ
Դɱ֮оʹûпĹĿ⣬ǸԺڡ
ȻҲ֪עŵʵһŮˣȻоۡ
ΣߵǸŮ˲Լ
죬ȴʧȥĿ⣬˯ʱ档
Ѿߴ˵һֻмȥԼԽԽȴûа취ֹסԼĽŲ
תַǾ仰ֱָıģʵڵõϢһ̣оͿʼˡ
Ѿˣʲôã
һŮСͻȻиеܷŭһŭ˵˭ģûصСѾͷѵΪҲɱ𣿡
ˡϢŭǡӰӴҪ㣬Ѿ˴ˡ
ɫͻȻָƽ𣬺ãھȥ
ߵʱͻȻعͷ˵˾͵ŰɣҺܿͻշַ㣬ҵһūСãǶŮˣӦиĹͬԲŶԣֻҪԸ⣬ʱԽųҸԸһӵĺýã
ȻС£ȴһá

ַһۣܵһֱȽƽĿ˵ڿˡ
ֻΪ֤һԼеƲ⡣
ͻˣΪҵļƻ޷죬㲻κɻɵģΪʲôȴأ
ܼ򵥣ΪֵĻɡ˭ĵһǿߣС󣬾ܹ˵˳ϣǲǻ֮顣
벻ַ̧׷ʵѵΪҪ˻Ҫǿ𣿡
ĻȻǣȴлɱϣϾ̷κˣҲ̷Ůˣĳֹݹſ£׻˵ģ˵ľĶŮˣҲŻ㡭
ģллĳޡеĻֻƲ⣬ѵֻƾЩƲͿԻ𣿡
Ʋ֮⣬Ȼ֤ݣɱʱо͸ҿ϶ϵϮһйء
кƣԼһϣԼûʲôҪ˵κһŮˣڵ֪Լɱ֮ҲԷƴġ
ַʵûκλɣַƫƫϻ
˵źַ֮㵭Ľ͵һɺܼ򵥣˵ս㻹ҪҪһЩûл߶֣ȴƫƫܹһеֻһǾͲıƽȴûл㣬෴ΪǹȥģŸɱĻᡭ
ַһټ˵ҲȻȻ㣬Լķܺѵһͬ𣿡
ַΪʲôԼҲǿܣַ˼֡
һ˵һ£ʵشҡУڽϵУоصķǲΪһǣǲŻϲءһǵǰĻǻ᲻ҲϲңѺ䵱ҵĴƷ
ѵ鶼һ㻹бҪȥЩܷ𣿡
ûҪȥʣҾǺܲģұ£ȻˣҲĿ
ᣡ
ַɴĻشٴ¶Իŭı顣
ǶַĻܲ⣬ַΪϵѣеĵһǿߣȻ
УΣ֮ǰ˳ϣʱһл᲻ᷴϺ䣬䵱ĴƷ
죬ַȴֱӸ˷񶨵Ĵ𰸡
˵ѣΪһ䣬вΪ뷨ŻΪһƷ۴۲ǣﲻΪʲôеķԶԶأ۾˵Ϲ
ַЩ˵ǳú䣬ңǳȴ޷ȴܶ޶ԡⲢΪһ䣬һ顭
ƾʲô˵û飬ڣ˶ûһӣ³ؤǵʱ򣬶ʩʳѵҲ㲻
ǴӱϾͿԿģ˺ãǷĵĶԱ˺ã˶ĸܵһ㣬˵вġ˺ãºãαװģȥʩЩؤʱжһ־ӸµģȻαװĺܺãȴĸоһжαװģ˵вԶ޷Խ䡣
ȥоԼڱַ˵̧ͷĵ˵һǲ
ϳϵĻ³㣬ֻƲ֣񣬸Ϯɱйߣº󻹰Լ֮ҲǳԭԶҲ䡭
ͷַĻ
ַͻȻ˵벻ӰӳǵĹųҲǣȻˣΪʲôһأ
еĿһ˿΢ĲһµӰӳǳϪ粻֪ʱѾվڵĴС
Ϫƽעַ˵ô֪ǣ
Ȼǲµġ
ַ㵱ȻǲµģζһʮУӰӳǣַϪйݵĽӴ
ղ˵ʱŵ˿ǹϤζͻȻ˵仰
ַ¶ôĴݣ˿ﵽ˶ǿߣҲִĸм
ϪŤͷ˵ˣûʲôôˣԺĺܴ鷳бˣҲ˾˺󻼣


425  
ͻȻ˵ųȥһЩҪַ˽˵
Ϫ岢ûжȴһõ˵˲Ҫַɣ
Ϊʲôأ
ˣұ뾯㣬ַ˼Σգ˾ȻΣյˣڳ룬ַ㣬ֻڵһʱɱȻԺ󶨻
ϪĻ˵Ҳ
ַĳɳٶ̫ˣӰӳһҲǼµʱ䣬Ӱ˾ʮ㣬һٶʮ㡣
ַ㣬ø߳սһʮǿ߶δƵסϪȻǿѹַ㣬ٹӣܲƵסַͺ˵ˡ
ҪŶԷԼʱ򣬾ɱַ㡣
˵֮ǳԼΣַвڳ֮ϣѾˣɱַ㣬ᱩһء
ӰӳԺͨǣӮǳʮĶԼˣַ㣬ƱػӰӳǵȫƻųԷԡ
ϪĿǿӲɫҲ
ųϣףֻǺϵǿҲҵ˾ҸĻסǡ
ַ̫ΣգΪ˷˵棬ҲǷɱɣִҪֹңҲ⽫Ҳһɱ
ɱңѽֻܶҲˣѵΪ㶯һָͷͿɱң֮һˣܿƵ𣿡
ϪжʱЩй
ȻֻһȴǸβĺݽɫȨԼŵ޾Ȩ
Լǿв
ŮȴһʮķӣҪȻҲṴԼıɱ׷ˣԼƼˣֻԼƴơ
ŮˣӰӳǱ޷пˣӰӳ˵Ҳǵòʧ顣
Ϫǻŭʵ϶ɱˣַʲô
Ҫ˳ңΪá
ϪһԵڵأΪǿߣҲ쿪ͷˡ
ַ˴вȣ·˾֪
ԴȻ˺ܷͷȻַ㣬ǳ룬˭ַ֪ÿƵˡ
Լôһأ
˵ų㲻ɱҵĻھͿ뿪ˣҪʱȻкġ
Ϫ簵̾һŻڶԷҲûа취顣
չϪһΣΪһӰʧ˴Уٶȶ۵ĻȻʱʧĻ죬֪ǲǱģ
Ŀַϣ˵Ϫղ˵ĻҲˣֹ˿ѾˣһֱӵˣϻҲ˵ҵô
ôͻȻ뵽Һأ
ǿ̫࣬ǰҿԲںЩǵĺϣͳһ磬Ҫֻܳһʵ
ҲģҲҪĳ룬ʲôӵˣղŹϪ粻ҲˣѵҪҰѾܾĻ˵һ𣿡
ַ˿Ѿ⣬뵱ܳĻһܰϧԼӰӳǳ׿ơ
ȴҲ±вԼвϪ硣
˵ȨƲû̫İãΪʲôҪԼܳ֡
Ի͵ľҲǱѡΪѪȵֶΣȫĵİ缯һ𣬶򵱰ܳ
ҪԵµĳϱʾȳϻҪǿ󣬳飬ȴˡ
϶һŮǳϹ۾ֵóϲŮˡ
ΪʲôҪԼΪЧҲ֤ԦԼԼ϶ȥԴֻ֤ǰһʧߡ
Цĺ֪ȥеŮҵϣϹ˳ҵĻҲԷǣһԼ͸㣬Ժ磬Ҳ˵ġ
ַҡҡͷвԼɫջԼǾ͸Լ˵һС
֪׷ʱǲҲ˵ͬĻ
湻޳ܵģ޳¼ŮҼ޳¼Ůˣǵһμ
ַ㣬Ҳղ˵ĻֻȰúһ룬㲻Ϊ俼ǣأͲںҲϲλСã㲻Ҫɱ𣿡
ַвȣѵвɱԺǧټƵΪǱҲˣҪԼ͸ң˵ĻҲ˵ĳΪ˭
ԽԽѿɫַаԿ⡣
ԷŮʲôַʲôʲôʱȱŮˡڳҴСС¥ǣк֪ĪƷƣ人ǣ½ʶͮ˳ڸ̻֮еĸ˲ǿٱ
ɫͻȻЩ԰
ʱ뵽˵еַǸҹҹɣ嶼ĸӡ
ַŮҲʵûȻһѵƯŮΧת
ΪԼץס䣬ץסַߣˡ
һȴȫһ£ַһӣߵŮ˸̫ˣԴ˲ɱϼ
ͻȻ˵ǺãҾɱǼѾͷٽйųɱ㡭
㲻ΣȻǸܻεķӣǿɱȴ֮ززϪȻǿҺܶ࣬ҲԼ򲻹ַı±ҸģϪɱңȴպɱ㣿
ַȻŮȴûһԼݵģЩŮݵ
ȴò˵װһɫħģҲ֪ԼֻһӵģǸݶŮŲвԼ
ַԶȥıӰͻȻ˵϶ҲмһˣſҵϵʱȴһŮˣΪʲôҲҲмһˣѵҲƯֻҪԸ⣬ҽҹˡ
ַȻ˵Ů䣬ҪȻļһ˵ͻɱ䣬ŮɫҲҪ
ַӣȰƭȥߵʱȳЧİ취
ַǳϵŮˣжʱȻζ
ٰĽ䣬ҲûбԼĳŵ⡣
ԼôܴŮ˵أǱȣַҲŪԼֵܵŮˣԭ⡣
ַߵſڵʱ򣬻عͷ˵ַһƯŮţ飬Ȼںһһ뵽ǱʣµĶֻҾû˰£ǣ
˻ΣԴһͷĿѣǷסӣ˵һͷԵڵء
ΪԼǸжˣ죬ȴ㱻ַˡ
ԼĵˣַȻӿһǸ⡣
ԼĵˣַǴںֶΣȴҲ񶾵ĻԱ˽칥ģһʮƯŮ
ȴ޷ⳡսռơ
Ů٣ַ㲢ôϣȻҲһ㲻ϣ˭ϣԼŮأ
лǾãһֻҪþˣߵŮǲǴŮҪ
ַǰװӣ治ɫ˵Щ׻ַԼݼֻĶ˶硣
˵ַһӶû˵ôΥĵĻȴ˽䣬һУǳϵСǸƵġ
ٴ̧ͷʱַѾˡ
ַȥĵط¶˺޺޵ı飬ԭĻսһ˹Ȼûһö
ͻȻ
һ˿ɰһСѾͷȴϹۣһɣַ֪ʵĿ֮󣬲֪᲻ᱻԭѾͷҲһˡ

ʲôӰӴ˵ʵǷ˳ǵĶħַ㣿
û˵ĸϺܶ˶˵ġ
ԭǸħַǣΪӰӣ
ӦɣӰӴǳѣӢϽ׷֤ʵˣЩǶǳεˣѵǻ˵Ѳɣ
˵ǾַǸħű
һӢڳһȥǵĸ֤£ӰӴ˵Ƿ˳ĶħַĻǴ򲻹ҲҪƴˡ
ħַ㲻죡
һ־ĸ֮ʱȴڸϣ漴ȥ׷ӢסӢ˼С
ЩǲµֵҲѾ˹ַǸ˵
ǱǷ˳ǵַǵĳӰһˡ
֪˭˴Ȼһҹ֮䣬ӰǷ˳ǶħַϢǧ򻧣


426  Э
׷ҲַԹʮֵ֮У˾Ϊַ
׷ӰӱǶħַϢ֮Ǹȥַס֤ȴһȺٸ˸С
ֵܣֵ֮ǰûƭңȷǽȫǵӰӴ˵ĵǲֵԸȥӰӴһʾҥĻֵܾŹҥߡ෴ģֵܱһ˵
ͬʱӢҲһȺ˱ţַıԣҪӢǽȥʸ
ַһڿտĴڣɫЩįѾ֣֮Լ뿪Ҳ
ԼɱǾ͸ˣֻҪϪһ棬Ҫ˵ԼɱˣԼܵˣԼСϡ
ΪԼװһӣԼû취ˡ
˭룬ȴͱԼݣһи׳нļƲ̫ˡ
һԼݱ¶Ӣ׷ԼĿɳֻȫǵľɥʬǿҲԼƴ
ȥԼеɥʬǿ̫ˣֻҪǰˣ޲Լ֮ǡ
Ȼַ֮ǿȫɱΧأѵԼܶܲˣɱһѪ·ȥ
ǸСĺݣһ־ͻԼߴ磬Լ˿á
Լǰ͸Ǿ仰֪⻰˵̫ˣҲ̫ԼĶܲˣʹС
ԼͻΧȥֻǵƴһ
ԼֻһˣȴнɥʬʿԼǿʮҲһɱǵˡ
ԼǾǸĴ
һжǳϺġ
ԼȱƭǣԳŵݺѵԼǷ޵

Ӣûüȥһμãһذ׵ŮַıǰŮһ֣Ⱥһɧ
Ƿˣ
紫ӰӴ˵ݱַǸħϢǴӷ˵ĸϴ˵ġ
Ӣۼ
ȻַѾǵĳڳλòŸϼ죬ĿǰǵӰȻԶ
һҹ֮䣬ַݹȫκһ䣬ַȴû
ͷ˵ңҽȥһ£
ӢۺӰַ㾿ǲһˣϾַӰӵϢǴĸϴġ
ǻûǣȴѾǿ֮ǰ˱С
ǴСַǸħһĹ
ȻʶһַѣԺӰˣȻһЩ֮ͽǰƨ
һ˽Լıַʵû뵽
ַ㣬Ǹ˲ţֻٸһѡĻˡ
ᣬұϾɣһҹʱ䣬ҵݱ㱻·˽֪ȫǵ˶ֶιȻ
ѡͶ𣿡
ѵһѡȫǵ˶֪ҵݣֻҪһȥǱ㶼ƴҵСˣҲСˣԼеʱ򣬸ҷһţϣǣɨеˣ벻Ŭôãȴһ仰ҵŬԳϵС
Ĭһ˵ߵһѾܲˡӮ㣬Ҳұҽ֪ݣ֮ǰ밵Թ̫࣬Żٽ
ʵ벻ףΪʲôҪңʱұʾҪ˳㣬ȫǷŭҲ᲻Ȱƴѵʱ̿ҵЦͲ߳ŭһɱ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ȻɫΪȴ壬һͲˣҽΪԲ㣬ǽϵӣǲɱѵ׵ģ
ַͷ˵ȷȻߵһˣɱҲûã߰ɣһҾɱʹ졭Ȼɱȫǵˣҽȴɱɱ٣㲻뿴ųϵǱһͿԿˡ
˵ҽһѡĻġ
ҵ֪ҹ˳㣬ŭȺô
ûעɣҹĹݵҥµɢģȴû׿Ϲ£ֻҪҽ֤ף˾Ͳҥġ
ֶĳȻҹ˳㣬ҹ˵ҥԣʱֻҪȫƽϢⳡ粨ҵΣҲ˳Ķȹȥ
һȺսĺҿ׬ˣַ㣬ϣܹƽȵĺ
⻰֮УҲò˼һʱַ˳飬˵˫ƽȵĺ
ֻҪԼͬ飬ͿԵ棬˵ҹҥԡ
ֻҪĸϵˣȻû˻顣
ȫӵо޴ӰӢҲҥ˵Լ˳ַû˿ϵ
ԼݱҴĻȫǵ˿ɲӢ֮ǰĽӵϵţΪӢͶԼϸǷŵ
ԼһҴʱǻҲ˵塣
˱ʾǼٵģӢ۵ˣڵһʱȷ£ȷԼİȫ
Ҳ˵ԼֻԺԼȿǣҲԻط˳ǣ˳ͬΪ˫ƽȵġ
òǰ£ƻ˵ڶˣԥͬ¡
ҪȻԼֻĽһֱƴˣϪ˿̸ǶԼԼܾȷʲôǵ顣
˫ͬƯҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ΪԼôòϧգַһӦġ
ַӦԼҲս
Ϊ˫Ǻϵ˭˭ĹϵֻҪַһͷԼԷųžۣҲŻԴϲ
м£û˵ѣǾеȷҲϲ
ϲִĽ֮飬ַߵ˶棬ֲòĶԸ
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ͿԸ𸴡
ͻȻ¶˲õЦݵ˵
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һССЭַܣʵַ㡣
ַǰͻȻԼСַֹͣ˼һɽ
ɫѾ׳һֽͻȻ˵ַ㣬뿴Ŀ
̸𣿡
㣬ֻ뵽Լ߳Ժ˫ҲҲû֮գֻ뿴ĵַһˣ
ðɣαװôãҲĿʾˡ
ַ˫̧Լදһᡣ
һ˫üĿ㱩¶ǰͻȻˣû뵽һ˾ȻƯӡ
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뿪һ˲䣬֪ô£ͻȻΪʲôΪַ㣬ԥķˡ
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ԼӵһʮƵӣȴ޷õеκһˣΪʲô
һ죬ΪԼ޴ľһӣַȥһۣתġ
ʱ˿ַ̣Ư۾Ŀ⣬ʧʹ
ȻУκڹ֮棬ԼӰӳǵ˺˳ϡ
һ̣жԼĻں޸Ǵﵽ˼㣬ʱŸжѽʱŻȥĻԼˣԼҲκ˺ϵ顣


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뵽һַƯ˷Ƿ֮롣
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ַ۸˵Լ۱ֲַĶ֣ŻĴܳˡ
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Ѿͷȷ̫ˣԼܹйŮһң˵ҲַΪ޵
ȥ˲żʮӣȥ··ʱ䣬ַܱЧõʱ͸ˣѵַµٶô죿
ˣʲô£
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ҧűݣһδֻǿԽȺʧ˵С
ӢһɻȻҲ׸ղűзʲô£ȴַĶʲôΪʲô޳أ
˽һɫһͬ˱УڱĴǿһһ£һͷĿеվ
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ӢȻǰûмַ㣬ַò磬ǰˣҲѾµԭĴ˵ġ
۵ɫǰһսַĻֵ֮ˡ
˵ַڼǰһӦøмַ㡣
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۵ʣַ㵭˵ΪʲôǣѵԲ֪װ֪ǳ£ôЩ鷳
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Լڷ˳Ļ𾴵Ļս񣬵ڣԼҪǣԽ˷ŭĿ⡣
۶ʱַ֮ǰϵһҪ׷Ӱӣ˭뵽Ӱӻַһأ
ϼȻԼ׷ַ㣬Ȼַ֪ܲʵݣַǰĴУǲǴѾ˰أ
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ַ㣬ƭ˳ƭˣǾ㣬Ȼ㼸ǰȹֵܣǻλֵϡ˭˭ҲȥǵĵˣǣǾͲܷŹ㣬һֵܱȫǵɱĸУһս۴˷ɱˣһɱ㣬ⶼǵ
Ӣ뿪ǡڴʱҴҵĸ˹
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ԼԳϣȴܳϣǻҪȫǵ֤ӰӴַûκιϵҹ鶼ҥԡ
һӻˣһǺ޵˱Ƿ˳ַ㣬εʱҲεԼɱַ㣬Լȥֵܱ˳
죬ΪԼȥֵܱ𣬻Ҫǰַûκιϵһ㣬ܲˡ
ˣǸоԼԲȥֵܡ
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ϣ֮ȻԹȴ˳⣬Ҳǧȷ顣
˵ַһϵҲûеĻôѪأ˳ǵѪ⣬ӢȫȨ
ӢȻʵ˵⻰ƾݣȻƷȴ̫ش󡭡
ӢһۣӢȻݰ⻰ȴʵȴʮ
漴ӻͳһݸӢӢӹе֮ſţ˫־ȻܿƵĲ
Ӣ׷϶꣬Ȼϵóǳϵıʼ
ⲻֵ֣ǳϵԵøǿӲַ֪ݣȴϣֵַǽ֪Ӣѹ¡
иҪۣӢ׷ַ㣬֮У˭ұַ㣬˾͵ػɱ
ӢֵݸֻۣһСᣬͷ˫ֲ·б֮ء
գ۰ǷŽϣƵı
Ӣȱ̬ӢԸس
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ӢҲԳµѡ
ĩǰǶµʷУкܶδ֪ţˣˣҲԼߵ½ƣ˹ؼʱ̣ڽеƣ㷢ӳ˼á
벻ĳҲЧһιˣַ㻯ΣϵĲǸ߾ԶԶԼ֮ϣ
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Ӣ۵˵ҪǵķŭӦòʲô£ʲô취ⳡΣԼˡ
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֪Լˣ˵һƲһơ
ԼΪһһͷҲԶȥ
Ŀǰƺ˽֣Լ򲻹Ϫ磬˵ʵԼֲС
ԼͻĿǰĽأ
ʱӢַ㣬ַһϢ
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ӰӳǵĿȴɱԼǲһɱԴŭԼѾԼӰӳ̯Ƶʱˡ
ӢôεʱڣõõϢʱַǿѼ鱨Ŀ࿴
ʱ˿ֻ̣ۻûеõϢӢȴǰõϢӢ˵ʱиһ˿⡣
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ַڣû뵽Ӣһ޵ˣĩУûһ򵥵ġ
ӰӳǴǿǱĸۡӢие˾޴ѹ
Ǹǵĵزûмװݰ¶Լһ棿


428  ɱѪ·
Լô죿
ַĴ˯һһҹҲһһҹ
˸ã֮УԼǰе·ƺˣȻΣɹ˹ȥӰӳǵĹȴһ
죬Ӱӳдǿ߽ðŵĸۡҲʧȥǵƿ
ӰӳѾչ˷Ǳķַие
ǣűߣԸ񣬿ڶӰӳǵԼô죿
ѵԼ·𣬼Ȼû·Լɲɱһ·
ַ㲢ûαװԼģӢаԼԼʲôǶָ¹ΪԼڻ
Լݱ¶ͱ¶ɣʱˣԼڵĸʲô
ַһ£ֳ籦ֱĸ϶ȥ
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һ䲻ܺȴõĺУͨڵʾ淢һС
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⵱Ȼַǣַظ飬ı֡
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ʮͬʱԺ˳ѾЧӰӳǣַɱ˽ȻҪӰӳǵǿǰһġ
Щ֮Уǿ߾ʮ֮࣬϶ҧ󣬵ƾƣǾַ㡣
ַ㣬ɱħ氵ϵֵǱ𡭡
ħҰ磬Ʋ
ַоԼЩ˵ϻıҪûˡ
գθˡ
ӰӳԪĴУвԶ֮ϣǿƽҲӰӳκʽϵĽ
ЩɥʬǿǣȴԥѡͶӰӳǣͶӰӳǵҲˣ֪ܵ˵ɱԼΪȥֵǱ
ѵǲ֪ԼͶӰӳǣڳԪģ޳֮ͽȻôȻ˵ΪԼǰֵǸʲôʸ˵Լ
ھ޴ѹΣǰַоԼڵ˴ͻƣڵľ뾢Ҳǰǿˡ
˿̣Ǵﵽһʮ㡣
ַڵľ뱦ϵĽͬʱһҽУʮ׷һؽصըƯڿС
еͻȻסԼԸеСڣòŵĿ⿴ӫϵַ㡣
ղַ㽻ֵģǳȥǿĽлôǿߣȴƬ֮䣬ַնһ⡣
еַһɾʬ壬ɾбϵѪ
ǰѱȻɱôˣûһУȴմ˺Ѫиоʮֵ岻ˬ
ַŲŲæĸһѾȥ󱳵·ϣ˱ϵѪ
һĿѵƯˣƾһ֮ɱԼϵǿ


429  ɱ¾
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ʮͬʱַΧÿ˵Ŀж̵̰Ŀ⣬·ַǿе
Щˣÿ˵ﵽ˰㣬м˵Ǵﵽһٶʮһʮ¡
˵Щ˵ַƽˡ
ǿߣҪ˵ǣŵȫκһطһӵĴڡ
һַۣͿЩ˵ЩǿȫӰӳǣһҲҪַղնɱǿҪϺüȼ
ڣĿжһ˵޹⣬ַģͷ·ڿһ˶һ㡣
ӫڵַ㱻һȺ˰Χһ¸ҵȺ
Բ׺ݵĿ⣬ַһ侲ǣ׼ʱ׼֣Щһ
ַ㣬ɱɣЩļһȫɱ⣬Ҳ³׻ĺȤ
һŭУַ㣬еıסַȫҪֻҪǳ嵽ַǰַܽзʬ
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ַޱ飬ڰľȴͬһڻۣתƴ
Ȼַ岢ûжַӰӳǿߣȴֵΧ
ÿһǼ˵նһĿĵĽۡ
һңѪˮԶԶȥǴѪˮиո̳һ㣬ڲϵİУ˵ͻȻ壬Ϊһص⵹˵ϡ
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ַղŲûг֣ڵľȴΪУնɱеһͬ顣
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ھΪεķУնɱı죬ӵжĹϪҲ֮УҲֻһܹʩչĳ
˭֮δ䣬̫۷ǿߣ֮УĤݵĶĴڣȻԪַᲢ۵ġ
˭õһ֮ǿƲԪһǿأ
Ҳַϵ˿־壬ھӰУȴӰӳǵǿе
ַŲһʮ㣬ǿߣӰӳкܶǿߣַ֮΢Ҳֻ൱һĴڡ
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ԷôˣһսһĩԼյһսҲ֪ԼܲȡʤԼѾû·
ԼʧˣǾͽԼǰɣɽҹǣټˣټ̻ټˣСͮԼԼʶŮ
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еһʼֻ͵Ŀ⿴żսеַ㣬ַ֮ȻЩѪսɫɫЩˡ
ѪˮȾַĺɫ£ַȻרעЩɱһһĺ˵Ľ¡
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Ȼ岻⵽شַȴüͷҲûһ£·Щ˵ĵϣնĮصϡ
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ԭ£һȵġ
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Щնַϵĵ·նһ㣬ʹѣַ㲻ʯͷˣϵ˺ԽԽַ࣬Ҳҧ촽
ϵıȻݣȻѸ׼ȷΪʲôҪأȻʹ࣬Ϊʲô
ףȴĬĬ˵ַ㡭ʹĻͺɣоͻһЩΣ㶼ǿӺ
һδַ㣬ͻȻ뵽ԼУижַܹһԼĻԼˣһҲûʲôźˡ
뵽䣬ΪʲôǸŮܹõַ㣬õϵϲԼȴܣѵԼľ
ַٶԽԽҲֻʣ߰ˣĺȫѪУȻǰַԽԽҪվͲҽӡ
ЩȻҲо˴˿̵ַҪ͸ɵƿݣ֧ŲסˣҲҪȡʤǵȴû˿ϲá
෴ȴǿ־塣
˵֮УǼַ̫㻹ҪǿĶǿߣȴûһĺݵĶ֡
ַǿ٣ȴնɱһͬ顣
ǵĵնַϣַϾȻûһ˿飬·֪ʲôʹַ˶ԵĺҲͰˣԼȴݡ
ܵشƽĴ֮
ûкûзŭֻ侲ĳֶԵ˺ݣԼݵĽɫʣµ߰вˡ
ЩоȻ֮زز뷨̫£ûеܣǸǵԼתһܣַͻں׷ǣǿࡣ
п־ˡ
ʮǿߣ֮ʷǰ࣬ȴһƲԪСϸסˡ
һͻȻһ˵ؿڱǵһ͸Ĵ󶴣޴ĳ
һҵĽУ˵ر
һȺĿɰŮ֪ʱַǰ
򰵰п࣬һַ͸ѶԸˣƫƫڴ˿˰֣ڽƣûսˡ
мˣҲ֪ڳһλŮȴóģǸôڱУôӳأ
Ѫַ㣬еˮһ
ǿеıʹûɵĶַ˵ָ磬ˡ
ţ˾ͺã
ַ˵⻰ʱϵıȻûκβ·кϤˣɢʱ棬Ե໥кһ㡣
ַûΪʲôֻ˵˾ͺá
Ŀ䵽Ⱥϣ޺޵˵ָ磬֣Щˡ
ˣ
֪ʱ׷ԼӢ˶˹
ǿԺӵʬһ˿ɫ벻ַƾԼһ֮ȻɱôĳĽӰӳǵĺˡ
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˵Ļһ˲ŵնɱ˰ˡ
ַձҲˣһСҲǿЩ࣬вƵĲС
۵Ҳһͼһսһسӡ
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Ϫ˫͵һһͷѵУ׷ԴײһԽ
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ͶԳϵʮֲղһٴߵ˳ϵĶ棬ӦΪߵһԭˡ
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˵ȴܲ

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Ϫ¶˿ŭ֮ɫȻûϵԼˣ˵ԪСϵϣһ޷Ĩɱĳ衣

Ϫŭһһȭֱ۵սĸ첲޴ĳ۵ˤ˳ȥ
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ͬһʱ䣬ɽֱӱײһʯҲһģ⣬˱صʯмС
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Ҫ˵ֻһʮ㣬ﵽһپʮ㣬ҲǹϪĶ֡
һǿߣɱκһǿߡ
̹֮Ŵ½ĸ߼ԪռУֻ˶ǿߣ̤ĴţϪȻǿߡ
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սȻԶԶۣȻȹϪ̫Զ
ϪЦһȻûκαȭͷϷľȴͬһεסȫҪ
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⵱Ȼװᣬڰлǿһ
Ϫ罻ֵʱַֻҪ֣Ȼ˵ܰٷְپǣȴܲصˡ
ַȴûг֡
ַ֣֮Ȼ֪ԼйϪ磬ȻڰѰһɱԷ
ΪһֱûҵᣬûðȻ֣ԼղŽҾֻҪϪٴη𹥻Ȼӱشˡ
ʱַʵ᳹ױ¶ڶԷУĽ֣˵ҲȺڹϪ֮֡
ַû۵˱شʱ֡
˿ַ̣ȴòˣΪΣյ
ʱڵϰۣӢлῴһ۵Ļ֪ǻ᲻ļѪַɫѡ
۵ַҲãַҲãַȻУǱ۵ҪҪ
˵ĳʵַûһӰ


431  ҿ
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ҪȻֻеԼԷɱһУֵ̫ǣҵˣΪǣԼҲҪȥ
־ʹ˱ų̫Ļ־˱ų򣬵Ҳ⡣
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һ̣һĵЦַǰһһЩֵܣҲһһǰ֡
ΪеǣңΪԼŮ˶սַһеĻȥ
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ĽӰַΧһ˲ԶĹϪ磬ǰͻ䣬Ϫʱԭַ㻹ĵƣ
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ַ㵭Цղʹؼ۷սӵ˼£Ƭ֮䣬ӲǽǿһصĹϪɱǱ֡
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ȷɱң
ȻȷϣǵǿѾǶѾˣûܹˣɣ
Ϫ绺ַ㣬ŭһ˵Ҫ˳

ۣӢҡҡλα˹Ϫһȭȭͷϵľ˵ֱ˳ȥ
ˤ˳ȥѾԹȥӢϪ¶˳ı飬ɥʬҲԼмＸŸոһҲҳˣ
ͻȻһɳֱ˹ϪؿڣڹϪ̫ǿֱһС֣Ҳ岻ȥ
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веԼԶѾʧȥϵʱŭĹϪȭ
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һӰһѾվԺУǳϡ
˿̳ûһܹ˵ģϵǴﵽһʮ㣬𵱳Ϫ罻սʱ򣬻Ҫǿһء
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ҾûĴǣ֮Ķ֣ŪҲɱ㡭ǵĵһ±ǿʬǲˣ£Ը¾ΣķԻ⣬ķԱĪˡ
ƾķӦΪһţ
㽫ԼϢɢˮϣһѾˣַǸ۵ˣûʬ壬ǲĵģҹҳ˲ڵʱȻãˮףˮڵǸ˳Ȼ㣬һϵζֻ֪
ϲõ˵ַ㣬Ҳݵˣûо֮ͬǰҵˮףҵĻðߵϡ
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ش˳ϣȴûͨһЩΪ֪ķκˡ
˵ĹУϸǶɢϢĴģԼҲΪ˲ΣźĴڡ
ַȴһʼͲµ£ڣַһֱƱһȴַװļ
ɱǼΪçײΪʵıԶ֮µԤı
ΪԻԼַ㻹װڴ˯һһҹװһ˳Ͷ·ģԼǵĿ϶Ӱӳǵնɱ
Ϫӳϻ֮ΪԼƿһУϾҪַҪǿĶࡣ
ȴֲ´ˡ
˳Ĵڣַͬʱƴ˽ƣʱ򣬳ҡڵĳǰ


432  ޳
ԭţ̫ˡ
ͻȻϲ·һ㣬ֿǸϤס
һֱ϶ܺãڸԵúȴ֪ʼնһŮֻǱ˵һƷ
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죬ȴϻŻˣǰĿģȣĳϣƺҲñȹȥӳˡ
һ̣˻ں޵ˮ
ЩϾѾˣˣȴ޷һˣûеڶΣʱⲻܷȥµ飬ûз
ĿӹϪ磬˵ųﲻӰӳǣ˭ǽ꣬ҶĴۣǶǿߣҲ⡭
һ԰ɣ
ϪͻȻ˳ϣ֪ΪǿĵַѾǿ֮ĩһδŮǶѾΪ塣
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Ϲȥַüͷ壬ҪԼȥæ
Ͽ˰ижԼһֵܣҲԼһһĸһԶ˵ôˣͰ˽ҰɣãҼҲˣԸһӲдļһһϣ
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һ£ϵЩɵˣַʲôʱʵˣԼֻǿѣѵҪԼһ˶Ըһֲڣ
ϪȻһֻشϻشϻҲϻѽƾԼһ֮ҪʰͷϻֻºܲףѵַҪԹԼղŻǺֵأԭԼϹˣ
ˣѾ˵ԼһҲʰ¹Ϫ磬ţƤѾ£ֻӲͷƤˣٷڵĻֻҪ˳Ц˲ϲС
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һ֣Ϫ֪Լֲ´ˣǰ´ַʵֿ˳ϡ
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ַ㣬޳ܵ࣬͵͵ĿʲôĪҪ˶۸Ҳûս񣬿ҲǸ˵֮бҲһɣҲǣ
ַ⻰˽ָ´ϣ˵Ϊʿ֮һ޳˵սδֳʤ֮ǰַ֡
ϴ˿ѾϪɱĲˣиǴַظֲµһţæʲô˵ģ
ȻϣַæǰĵһǿߣַæĻ鴫ȥֻԺҪɨˡ
ϰַҪӻԼˣѵƾ⸱ģʰ¹Ϫ
Ϫ򰲶һЩֻҪԼɱ˳ϣַٴвΪ壬ֻһδСѾͷȻҲѶԸĿǰԼĶֻǳϡ
ַĳŵϪûлʲôԪ޴˵Ļһ㻰ַеĵһǿߣȻŵԼӦòʳԶʰɣ
Ϫ𽥼Ӵ˹ͼʰ³ϣȴûע⵽ַ㻹
ַղ֮ԳŵϪ磬Ȼʴ壬Ҳظ֪ԼĿѾϪ緢֣͵ϮԷѾ
ߣ̫ԼǰæֻҲ̫á
Ȼװװˣ߽˹Ϫľ֮ġ
ַ⻰֮󣬹ϪȻַ˾裬ţַˣһŵԵġ
ַĿŹϪƴɱɹϪ罫ɱĽڽڰ˶δһʣͻȻַһ⣬ֹϪ߲¶
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ַͻȻһַ߳óʱû֣Ѿָ˲٣ߣһֱƴ˷Ĺʮֵ
Ϫ緢ʱַѾȥһţ˹Ϫϡ
ꡣ
һĹͷ۶ϵ𣬹Ϫĸ߹ǣַһߵ
Ϫһز޴ʹ۲һȥ
ַһߵÿɲᣬĶ߹ǣʹü߹۶֮󣬹ǲ֮С
ڵʣܴشҲڵȴҲܡ
ԴӹϪԪһ˵δһܣ죬ȴַն˼ʮնһ첲
Ҳˣַ֣֮ϾҲǹľս
ղţַȴʹ޳ܵ͵Ϯһĺü߹ǣڼ֮ǰĵ˵Լϵľ
֮ǿ˵òǸЦϪԪ֮ȴףϣַܹŵԣַջʳԶʡ
Ϫʱַָƿڴ
ַͷ治ɫĲиԼֻһ˶ѣҲʲô޳ܵ飬ȴ˹Ϫƿڴ
ԼһŻߵ̫ˣҪȻҲˣ
ַɫЦҲ˵Ǹ޳СˣҲ޳ĻôԵ仰أ


433  
ϪһһͷƵǣַȻΪԼ忪ѵˡ
˵Թƨַͨ㱳ǰԼںַȻߵڰף˵Լ֮ԱԭȵŵԣΪԼ
ǱǰԼںô˵ߵڰأ
ԭַһֵۺ޽ڲٵļһԼͨõ࣬ǲǵĴشˡ
ڸߵȼԪռ֮У֮֮δۣҲһŵļһЧ֮ķȻòȥ
ԪȻ󣬵ԪȴѳŵıҪַǻսȫ۷ǿߡ
Ȼſڿӣַ˵Ǿ仰֮󣬹ϪŰȫľе˳ϵϡ
ڹϪעʱַ̣ȴͻȻشйϪַŭ޿κΡ
б˿ռַ˹ϪһţҲձһԾԾԵģϪ㰵в
£Ҳƣ͵һ죬Ѿʧһֶۣ˺ö߹ǣԷˣַƽ֮⣬ȴ۷״̬һԼûκϣ
ϪеЩ޳ƴˡ
ȻϪֻʣһֻ֣ƴ֮£ȭԺӵʬҷɣϪͻȻǿ˹ƣ˵һߣݱܷâ
ַǰϪһսԶеϪҪƴ˵ϻҪ졣
ַϵ˿ϪһݣֱԺȥˡ
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֣ϪϼһҪܣһҪ
ַ˵⻰һӦͬʱҲԺ棬ŹϪʧĵط׷ȥҲʾ׷˳ȥ
˵һ㣬׷Ϫ磬ΪַҪ׷Ϫ硣
˱ɱϪ֮ģڹϪĽ룬հ˾·շңشʧ
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֮ǰϸǱϪشľ綼ϣȫϾλĺڰǿ߳ȵĻˡ
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ַҲŹϪ磬ǰԼľۻ굤ƻƿǵĴƣϪһԼ֮ǡ
ϪˣԼԺһɲĵˡ
ĹϪˣ侮ʯĺʱ򣬽첻ɱԺ͸ˣַϣŻں׷ᡣ
ϪҪǿǣıٶҲ죬ȻвٳĽȴû˶ŻŲ
ЩĽǣ򱻹Ϫһȭı
Ϫǰַ㣬ںתۼ䣬˫Ѿǣ˳ïĴС
ϪٶȻռһƣȻ޷˦׷
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˿̣ǵľϪֱƼۣ˵һңԼַ㣬СһиеΣյıƽ
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Ϫе񹭣̵ĺϽǽ͸һʯֻ»赲񹭵һ֮
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ַԼԺˣΣǰַȻл˵ַ㲻Ǿ˵ֻб֤Լȥһ˶
Σǰ붼û룬ȻȻĶ㵽ַ
ŮĴڣȻҪұԼҪǿģǸ˲ΣͷĻԼҪã
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ס񹭵ĹϪ磬ַûǰ׷ϣҲûжǶŶھʯĳ˵֣һֱҶΪǶصĺӣô³и󶴵Ļ᲻һͷȥ
̰Ҫ˵εĸǿˣڽҪģˣô졭
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ַҲûʲôԵģһԼס̸ʲô磬ǽ죬ַȴ˵ԼԼ˵Ц
Ϻɵҡҡͷ˵Ϊһ𣿡
ʵǰϪó񹭣ŵö㵽˾ʯ棬ȴûж㣬ʵʤ۱磬һʵ֤ҵĲԼ̰Ŀ
ַ㣬ٸװȻ˵˭Ļŵڶŵһ첻㣬Ϊ㲻һбԭ򡭡
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׷ӰӳǵĻϪӰӳǿһϣ˵˳ԭ·
׷һСʱ˫ľȻ޷СϪԵ⣬Ⱥͷ׷ɣֻҪһӰӳǵĵ̣֤һΪǵһҲˡ
ͻȻϪĶһ𣬶ľն˹
ڹϪȫעַ㣬ϣˣûעǰĵˣǵ̫ûзӦʱǵѾ׼ȷնľ
ۡ
֮󣬹ϪԴֱӱɡ
ŹϪԴƤһ˲ݴУѪˮ׶ߣɼϪڵѪˮôĳ֡
󣬹ϪʬԵڵء
һɫӰһ£ʮģһ˫ȻСů۾ˣŲ˹Ϫʬǰ
˹ϪָϴһָֻεСǸС۾˵ȵı飬ȻҲ˹ϪϵֻС͵ĹνָǷƷ
˴ιιǰ񹭣ǰڽġ


434  ҵı
С۾˿Ŀдžñطᣬҡҡͷ˵СƨȻСүСҴƨɣ
ףⲻָûõС㲻ȥ̹Ŵ½ôֻˣǲ첻ȥ͵ܻģ
ĶȥΪСƨȥ˵Щʱһĳ벻мʱ꣬ٴ˵⻰ʱ򣬾ȻеԼĻоȻżС
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ˣǧܻҪǰˣءСɩӣĳҵı˭Ҳߣ
ĩǿߵԳöȻ˭ǿ˭ȥϴǾ̵ǣôˣ˵ϼһɱģϵĶȻң
˵ְ׷þʧĻôᱻˣҪ񹭣빭ڣ
ǿӲĶҲͷ
ȻҲòϪźĽָС֮ʱ֪ǶǺñһҲòˣøеȻЩ᲻á
ĶСһ˵Сƨöзݣƾʲô˵ģ˵ô
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ĶϪұǰȥǰСɵ񹭴ӹϪȡʱȴǾͷʬָʲôҲûС
ϸ۾֪ԼûпȷϪеѾˡ
Ķһü˵аˣôֻСָһӾͲأѵǳ˲ɣ
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ЦʲôֵģϴղѾȡˡ
ϴ̫ˣСƨĵʱȴ֮Σҵ񹭣ûˣ
ַ㵭˵磬ѵ𣿡
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ĶôԪأ
ϴ󣬸һپ￴ˣ˭֪һǡÿ˼⣬׷һ˼ңͼ˼ҵı
һԵڵأĶ˲֪ʣϹ˵ѽԼһ׷һˣ϶Լǿ˶ԷϵıɱԽ룬Ҳ̫޳˰ɣ
ַ㳰Ķ˵ǵȷԽˣȴûɱˣλ˼Ǳɱģ
ҳϣͬ˻𡭡
ַѯ֮£Ķһܡ
Ե̫ͣҲ̹Ŵ½һλԪλԪĿģԪɥʬ࣬໥ɱľ档
ҪֹһУҪɥʬ½еıޡ
ɥʬѪɥʬ֮ޣ
űԽԽ٣ַṩ֮ǵѪƱػԽԽ٣ɥʬıǿҪѪȴԽԽࡣ
Ʊػᵼδĳһ죬ϣ֮֮ᱬǰҵľս
ַȻֹϣ֮ǵȫⱻ֮˱ˣַ򰵺ṩѪԽԽ٣Ʊػʹ֮ìٴμ
ַṩǣݳǣԼİٻǵѪӦѾڴˡ
ûѪˮ۶ǿɥʬᱬΪ棬ɥʬǿǣȫ෢Ҳֻһʱѡ
ǳ϶԰磬ַϣ֮ǣǶʧȥȨ
ɥʬҪҪѪάԼ棬޵ȴԽԽ٣ǿҲòĿࡣ
ɥʬҪȥֻϮ࣬Ҫ棬ҪϵɥʬΪƵ·
࣬ɥʬ֮䲻ͣɱһ
һֱĩʮַ꣬㶼ֳϦĻмѵ棬һȻ֪ĩеһж۵ıȴ޷һС
ַģֻǾӻ밵սȫ汬ǻܰѿ״̬
ѵλ̹Ŵ½Ĵܾܽһ
ַ̲סʵ֪λ֣ⳡĩƽ٣
λҩƷ漫츳̹Ŵ½һʷǰʱͦƳƽֲҩǳƽ١෢ĩ֮Ԫ
ѵֹɥʬѪҩ𣿡
ַ⻰һڣ϶ʱʧеʲô
Ҳѹֳϻ˾죬һֱľӢҲһֱҩͼƽɥʬѪ
ľӢҲ֪ϣ֮Ҫǿǰ֮һأǿϣ֮ǵĻ˵ᱻȫ
һϣ֮ȫ濪սõĽҲǰϣ֮ͬھ
ֻҪɥʬ˶ѪǱ±࣬ҪǣǿԳڵĻȥΪ˻ѪȥԽԽǿƴ
εʵ֮󣬰ľӢǳ׷ⷽŬʲôҩҲסɥʬѪĿҲԶٴαࡣ
λ̹Ŵ½Ȼ쿪ƿʹɥʬǲȡѪҲܽлȥҩôõ
ַҲüͷһʮ꣬Ҳ޷ѪıԣҪȻҲôˡ
ĩ꣬ѵ˿ƳֿԻɥʬѪҩ
ĻȫɥʬٶȳΪ࣬ϣֵ֮ĻҪɱȫıޣҲǺѵ顣
ҩƳҩƳĻ罫˶׵ĸı䣿
ַ㣬ϲŵĿ⣬Ķĵ˵ϴѵ㻳Ҵţ𣬺ðɣҸһܣҲ˵ġ
˵ˡ
ܣ˽أλܣ̹Ŵ½˳Ϊˣڻһǣڳƽʬҩ˵Ѿڵٴ׶ˡ
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ʲôܺã֮ǿǵõϢѾɳǿǱǣ˵Ƴɹ
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ַȴҡҡͷ˵̹Ŵ½ǿߣȻԶԶǿǣֵ֮ǿ߽ȥҲ𲻵κεá
Ҳǣ֮һĹϪ磬ѾټǸ˸췭ظ֮ɴǿ߽ǵĻԼȥҲ
뵽λԪûκνĳߣֻǳ뱯˵뷨ȻԪԹ޻ڵĴⳡսԵĹ
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ַǵָһ㣬˽ĵİԪе࣬ԼôܿΣܲأ
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Ķ̹Ŵ½˰꣬Ȼ֪̹Ŵ½Ĵڣȴַ֪ô֪̹Ŵ½λе䣿
˵˵ĳȻãȴƻеȻɣԺԪηǺǻ˵̹Ŵ½˲£Ԫǿ߱ҲӦõԼʹ
ַɫĻ˵ĲԺôˣһ׼ȥǿ
˵ͷֿĶ˵СȥȥǣһкܶŮ㲻ȥ

Ķַ㣬ϻǣ춯ȥǸ˵УΪȫǡ
ĶԪȻǾ̹Ŵ½׿ϣ̹Ŵ½ĵнĶΪԪĴ㣬ŰĶɵԪ
ַص֮ʱ΢΢һüͷȻȻǸŮ֪ϻδ
۳δŮӵ飬Լαزģ
ַ㣬Ķס֮󣬳˫üٴλصǶûıС
ôŮҲЩò⣬ȻŮľٶһǣŮΪ̫ˣŻһߵ졣
һʼϵȷŮĴƷԼҲϲ˶Է˷ǲľ飬˴ôãôûһأ
߽Լң̧ͷһʵϣˣ
ţ
ϵ˵ͷһƽ
˭һ̣ҲΪһԶķޡ
ʵϣ֮ȴصĳͻʵϣھ˽ٺ֮󣬳ԹѾʧӰ١


435  Բ
Բ𡭡
ɫ糣˵һжȥˡ
ҡҡͷ˵Щ˾ˣ˵ȥ͹ȥأΪ˸㵥ǸҲȵˡ
˵⻰ʱһϾǰŮǰδͬҰϵʱŮŵִЦݡ
ԼȢ˼ңһŮȻϴûŮǰԼŮŮǲˡ
֪ʲôʱʼŮϱʧȥЦݣҲԼ˵λҲԼ룬ʹŮԸԽԽˡ
ŮԸ˱仯֮ԼΪ䣬ǸԶŮԼȴòԼģһ˲·
ŮĽ죬γԼյ䵭ɵģ
һ֮󣬳ϾԭŮ˴ԼŮˣΣԼҪӻԼŮˣȷ¡
۶ԴҪӻԼŮˣκѪԵ˶Ӧ顣
죬˵ĻЩĪֿɫЩ԰ףʧȥʣиеһ˿⡣
㾿ʲôɫΪʲôѿ
ҷ˶ô£ȻҪ㣬Ҳȫǵһ
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ŭڵģЦҲˣϷһ쳣Цݣһ޵Թģˡ
ϣ֮ʱÿ
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ϼͷ󺹵ģҡҡͷ˵ϣҪдˣҷµǰɫҲֱ֪һ£֮˿ɽ⣿
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Ŀǰûܽɫ֮һľģҡҡλϣ˳ư˻С
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΢΢һͷ˵ҵĺ
˵ЩĻͻȻеԼڵѪԭŮԼҪѵʧȥԼ֮󣬲Ŷϧ
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߰Ĵ˳ϵУǿһ׵֮ʱһεҡͷ
Ͻŵ˿ĴϣͷЩ˵Ҳʲô취һҪȻ
һ󣬳üչ˵ˣѾѾҩɾˡ
ȻҪǶҪΪᣡ
ͻȻڵϣ㲻ҪΪЩˣ֪ɫɻľ綾жôҡ
һͻȻ뵽ʲôǰһˣҪСᣬСҲȲˣϵľ綾ҩЧС˵ʮ֮ǰҲѾ»ָ˿þԼİ취ηˣһԾ˷ˡ
Ȼеĺ壬ϧڰǿߣѾȥİ磬ԼͨصķԷԷҲһʱ̸ϻ
Ѿֲ˶ˣͻȻ棬֮н죬ڵԼ䵭
һŲ˹Ⱥ˵һȺӹҽȥ
һ̧ͷַ˽һϲ˵ַа취ץסһһץַĸ첲˵֣а취
ַ㲢ûлشϵĻղȺ߿Ⱥȴû˸ҶһȻµǳϣôԼˣַиеܲ
ַвмı飬϶ʱַ˵ûյĻȻЩȥһа취ˡ
Ƕȥ֣æ
ַݸ˳һźɫĹ˵ȥ
ϽӹǿżСĺɫӣһɵʵССĹӣܽϵľ綾𣿡
Իң
ҿûô˵
ҿ㻹ǸϽȥɣŹȻԽٶȴˣʮĹҲȲ
Ȼַ㲢ûпϸιȴֻ֪ҪȥһԽϵľ綾
սǱеϽɽٶûʲôɻɵģֻҪһڣ;ԿԽϵľ綾
ȻˣϷǱԼˣԼһѾ御ˣѵԼҪȥɣ


436  
ָ磬ΪʲôҪǸŮˣ
ַĿ˵ǲΪҲþ
Ҳ֪Ȼ˺ܶ£һ㲻ģҴз˳˵ҲúЩ£о͸еܲڡ
ȫûҪ룬û£û£Ҳû£ֻǵˣ϶ܲƽЩ飬ǺαظϾɱأ˵ҾǸŮˣܽгǷһ飬˫ӮĽֲΪأ
˵ˣԭַġ
ĶһЦôֹô࣬ˣֳ˹ˣʱ˵ֻ˾鸴ϣ˾ϴеˣʻȻܱϲժȥ
ϴϾͳΪŵˣʱֻз䣬ղϴ˵˫Ӯҿֹ˫ӮֱǴȫʤϴǸŮˣʹ޷ٴע⣬ʹǷϴһ飬ϴֵõӰӳǵ񹭣˴֮Уϴ׬ˡ
ַ̾һԼĻƭƭСУĶȴһ۾ͿԼʵĿģԼȷŮǣƳϵ˼
û뵽Լȫ˼Ķ˸ˣָ˳
ַ㲻õ˵ֻǿѾͷ̫еֲʲôϡŸ˳һţǷԲ
ϴѽԽԽˣĶΪƭŮ˻Ķ˵ѻ˵֮٣ϴȴܰѻѻʵ˵ֱ׳˵ѽ
ĶѽϢˣҳ̨ϷˣҪԺ캰ϴɣ
ϴѽѽû㣬һٴˣðɣԺ󲻵˵ʵҲˡ

ڣҪӴģսӰӳǵǿߣóϮ밵е߸ԷϪȡֶһ
ȥǣҪܶˣϣȴԼһȥǶǰǿߣƵҩǹϵ
˵ļƻɹˣһڶɥʬͻȫ࣬ʱǾߡ
֮ǵһڶˣټһڶսʿ˫һ£½ϵбޡ
꣬Ҳĩʱеı캣֣Ҳᱻϣ֮ǵǿȫ
һ˳Ļһĩĩʱ򳹵սᡣ
뵽ЩΪ˵ַж˷ܲѣһĩʮ֮ãȴһĩϣ
࣬ɥʬ޵սȫ汬һУпᣬѪȵս
սУĳսʿɥʬǿޣ԰ƵǳѪȵսС
ַԼҲսڡ
һĴ£ȫཫһһȫͬ·ΪʷˣЩַбȼǿҵϣ
ҲԺͿԽһ¼԰ʱǲ׸˿ĩǰһȥҵϰ࣬ٴηѧУδѧҵһ
ַ㣬Ķ밵еĳϣһˣǡ
Ҫ뿪ʱˣҲŮǸСֻʮС
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ǾҪַϵһȥǣַȥӦҪѪӣȴԸϣҪȥǡ
ַϣй
˵᲻֪ģسϰ¸СѾͷ̸˹
ַĿӳϣϣܹܾŮεҡҡͷһᵱԼӣһҲ˵ˣҲһ
ַ޷ֻԼˣ˵ӣȥ£ȥΣ
û˵ѽҵҲͻ˰㣬Ϊǵ׸ģ˵ִǰӦңҪҰѪӣںòһᣬΪʲôȥأ
һȥɱˣɱܶˣɱ㲻ɱˣ˾ͻɱ㣬ҿƽѪʱüͷҲĩлûɱ˰ɣ
ͻȻüȻַ֪ϵȥǣϺܶ鷳£ȴû뵽ַ˵ֱӣ᲻ɱˡ
ĩڸ׵ıӻ£˵ɱˣ˵ûʵԸţǰŮƯˣǸɱĶħ
漴ȻˣַܱΪսȻΪɱ˺ܶˣ֪Ϊʲôϣַһ²ΪҽԼѪëҲһַһ
ҲȫΪϲַ㣬ǳھŮӢ۵ĳַһĸо
ȴûϵַ᲻ɱˣŮͷ˵ǻˣɱҵĻҲɱ
ⲻҪĴ𰸣ȥǣܺ˻ˣֻҪǸƻǵļƻҾͻɱǣһһ㣬ǲܴȥ
᲻ʵΪʲôܺ˻ˣǶҪɱأ
ΪǵĳΪȫĽǵҩƳɹˣпԽҿĩĻκֹֹˣǵĵˣǶҪɱֻһӣǲϣȥЩѪȵɱ
ҲŴ꣬ΪʲôͿԸһȥأ
ɰŮٸʵףĶ̲סЦСƨ㲻һʮͿʼɱˣЩ꣬ɱˣĶ࡭
ĬȻûɱˣɱһ۵ĻˣҲܺĳ֣ɱЩزʶˣ²֣ȻԼﲻַ˵Ҫ
᳤۽ëỨĶ̲ס˵ϴҪϰɣһҲࣿ
һ·չ𣿡
ܡ
һ·ϣͰˡ
ַû뵽ĶһУԵ֮ĸǿߣȻӰӳǳϪˣ֮Ԫ֮УȻдʷǰǿߣʤϪǿҲ
һʱΣգԼһˣ˰ϣ֮еǿߣ˵⣬ǵĶ֮Уûһߡ
ȻҲȴͨɱ֮֮£뻨࣬ȴսÿ϶մѪȣǿǿߣҲһս
ŮȥǣϾһۡ
ַֻʵʵˣȻΪ˶һɰСУΪۣʹһ׸
ȻĶԸвԼȥչ˶ԷԼαվˣ
ַ㲻ټԼһȥ͸˻ĹâַҲǻ衣
ĶЩᡣ
Ľ֮£ַͬɰɥʬȥǵģڵõַ֮ȴһмĿַ㣬Ȼ̫⡣
ĶвԼ¡
ԼɥʬŮȴԼǵģֻǶַһм
Լֶַ˳ŵԺŮİΣȻҪԼϣԼǳԱû¸ɣǸСѾͷ˵
ַ㲢ûȡͿշֵͿշֻԹʹãɥʬǿϷĻͿշĵԪӦ磬ջ˵ͿշͿշڻʱķҲɥʬǿߡ
ҲǰɥʬΪʲôʹü߸սԭڣǶǿߣ㲻ٶҲܱȵһܳ
һ칤һ߸ˣ˻ǣĶ֪ǵλãǲû̫·
ַϸһǵ꣬ǵصڳ¥ǵм䣬ӵλ˵Ҳ㳤¥ǵĽˡ
ַȴû˵С˵ڳǲԶĵطһǣҲɽֲ뻪нйذɣ
ַ֮㷢̹Ŵ½ǿǣϣ֮ǲû̫˵ĻǾǵǷѾ󣬼ȵϵӰӳǡ
ǲӰӳһǶķãǿһһǵɥʬǿȻﲻ
ַѯ֪֮ӵһҽߵǿߣֻҪһڣܽԷȻ
¸ȾʬֻҪûȫɥʬҲơ
֮ԿƸȾʬ࣬ҲΪĿǰû̫ư취ڸȾʬˣֻǾΣܾܲȻϵĶҪǵˡ
˵ʮȾʬУһ˱κãһƹУɥʬ
ɥʬҪѪϰߣ±࣬Ŀǰǻ޷ȫǵĴȴĹء
ַаοȻЩոոȾʬûȫɥʬˣаٷ֮ʮϣϽѾˡ
һĩڣЩȾɥʬˣյĽҲֻձɥʬ
ǵĴϣַϺ׽Ԫǵ˷ֱǵŮųϵ·Ҳʱڹ˵ķΣȺмױϡ
ǵĴϣһЩִŴεǿһΪĻ棬ʹַ˸оԼĩǰӰӳǡ


437  ׳ʿ
ָ磬ǿǸ˺֡
˳ָķȥַ㣬һʱһֻʣϰڵϼѵС
βѾȫʧֻǿ˫ڵϼѵС
䣬ǰ˵£ȻŮĩУ̫ʬɽ⺣ĳ棬ǰȻȴ򶯲ǡ
ȴٳţپϼеʮֵĿʧȥ°Ҫ˵ˣܻڣһ漣̫ˣüɵø߸
ĩ֮У˵ʶõ˼ʮٱǿҪȻֻʣϰˡ
ȻҲֻǹӲд
ƾֻʣ壬޷ԣܹǣѾһ漣ˡ
ɻǣһʧȥ°ûԱˣǣʲô۵Ƿأ
ʳ仰ʱĶһԽ͵֪һЩʮѣûʳˣڽǵʱ򣬿⽻ǷѣҲһĵĹ涨
ʧȥ°ҪһЩԣϣ֮й֫ҩǰһеˣûǸ
õĻ˵ԵõѵõΣ˲Ż
ַһ˿ܰУڻĸϣ֮У֫ҩۡ
Ͻһµľ٣ʧȥ֫壬Ҳûв֫ҩĲмˣ۽Ǹϣ֮ǣᱻ֮⡣
ϣ֮ǱϾǴƻûõĲмˣᱻϣ֮
ҲЩϣ֮ǲ飬˴ûսĲм˵ĻЩ˵ĳԺȣĸϣ֮дԴʹһЩϣ֮ǲظϿ塣
»ԣķ˳ǣսбɲмսʿǣҲǼЩԷ˳޴׵ˣԽϵ͵ļ۸Ƕ֫ҩˮЩʧȥֽš
Ϊ̹Ŵ½ǿ˵Ԫ˲ûκιϵ
ȴ˵ϳЩǵĲмѿţܼʱ̣Щм˵˲С
ƾһ㣬ֵ𾴡
ַͷ˵ȡ֮֮ͦģλԪҲǱĿģȫ࣬Ķ㿴ڵһоڹĵȷʮֵλ
˵λǾͨҽţţһ㶼Ըճ£ȴ벻λרҽͬʱͨҿĿǰľڣڹܹһȵĳл࡭
ַĻĶͷ˵ϴˣ˵ŵֻרҽڹȴһϲͨǵһ֮˾˵ĸŮĹ͡
˵ĸŮڴŻ˵ַа
˳ǵĹںܶطַһʮľ飬ʹ÷˳ڹԶϣ֮ǣΪȫĸϣ֮ĪǵĶ
ǵĹȴȷ˳ǲ٣ЩطҪ˳ǣʱ䣬Լ˵ĸŮĵá
Ķ˵Ůһ̹Ŵ½øʢŮǿ˰ɣ
һУַҲȥ̹Ŵ½̹Ŵ½Ǹ߶ȹ淶ᣬĹ̹Ŵ½һ֮ãҲΪ̹Ŵ½ڲȶǧŬѾһʮֳĹ
̹Ŵ½Ԫ󣬾̹Ŵ½ĶԪҲδܹĳС
̹Ŵ½Ԫϣ֮ȣͬɻ𣬻Ὺɻ˲һῪͬĵܹ̹Ŵ½һеˣȴδܹԪйһС
Ķҡҡͷ˵Ҫ˵ˣҵ֪һ¼ǹŮȴһҲ˽ˡ
ʵС㲻ֻŮȤô̹Ŵ½֮תӣרעˣûоԼöģ
СƨʲôҲ֪ͺ˵˵ʲô̹Ŵ½׸磬Ȼ˵ˣ˵ĸŮȴԪģǸŮûȥ̹Ŵ½ôֻʶأ
ַ㲻˵ˣһУȻȥ̹Ŵ½̹Ŵ½ȴû˵һˣȻҲû˵һɫŮ
һУλ˴ûԪûнνǡ
벻һһĲ죬˵λŮַиһʶĸо
ַȻûмǵʥŮеĽȴַһʶĸо
ǰͯɫʵĽ·ĩǰѧУͻ¥Ⱥȴû뵽ͻеĲʻ棬Ȼڽʵ
ַĶѯʣõĴҲ֮УǸŮȻԪ
мսʿ̫ۣǽ±ĿսʿǰὫһݺҷսʿǰ
սʿԼķһݺң¶һ˿ŭɫ˰ؤˡ
ڼ֮ǰֻϰˣһϣ֮ľ˾һУȴ˾˾ıֱϳһֽĳС
ļʮŮˣҲʵʵͶ뵽ǰĻУΪ˱˵ŮˣԴԺ˵ӣҰ
ٺһȺɥʬΧһͷɥʬץβ
Ϊ˲ҡҡλεĵͼɥʬ˺ģԼβһնϣűסһ
˷֮Լһµʱ䣬ǡ
ѾϣڣǵĴڷĵʱֿʹ֫ҩĻ
ͶǵĲм̫࣬ÿξ˵ʮޣ˲ڳһ£ûгΪѾεߡ
˵ϵݺȫ⣬Է⣬ټڵУʹģؤ˶١
ʵŰһݺҶ˵ǰ
˶ʱŭʿɱ裬뵱ԼҲ֮ϵĴڣȻ˵һؤ
һŭɫ̧ͷӳһ˫µСƤѥϿһ˫׸ɾİɫ๴ճһ˫ֱΡ
Ͽһ˫Сȡ
ϸ۵С棬һɫĶȹ˵ͷʱ򿴵һ˫ر۾ԼһżΪɰС
еŭͻȻɡ
е˵ʱҲһĵлǺһݺң㹻һƿ֫ҩˮˡ
һݺңɲһСĿ
ЩݺңͿһƿ֫ҩˮվٶȻָǰǿɱЩĽŮˡ
ʱ˿ַϵˣٴȼŭ
ַ㲢߹УȻкüɥʬǿַĶ˲
ȻɥʬϿûʲôͬɢϢȴʹһ۷ֱɥʬ
һУɥʬУһֵ֧Ķ飬иеޱȵķŭ
ڣֻҪһֵݺңɥʬ඼ܽڣɥʬҲһμˮˮģ
ַ㣬ĶȴɥʬУȻ֮Ϥ
ɥʬ֮Ʋǿߣȴɥʬǿߵһⲻòиеַŭ˵޷ܡ
ʵѣ
˵ɫЩԣͷû˵ƢȻãҲ˶Ƣ˵ֻǶԵ˲׺ݡ
ǰһͨڼŮҲǷ˳ڣŮϲԭڡ
ַǰһ˵⡣
㡭Ҳ࣬ΪʲôɥʬΪѣѵ㲻֪ɥʬȫĴ𣿡
Ȼ֪ʲôϵ
˳׻ˣ֮Ա⸱ģǵβɥʬץһѡ
Ϊ˻ȥѧ˶Ĺˣȴȹ˸ݣֱӽԼβ£ȫˣа˵ĸ
˫βͨҩˮǻܲܳ˵㳤˳պܲû˵
ɥʬ֮˲Ŷַɥʬһһ𣬸еŭ
һŭģַ㵭˵ЩѣΪʲôɥʬһҵ飬һܡ
㡭밵ɥʬһ𣬱ǳȫΪȫͽʲôԭǳΪѣСѾͷССͣΪʲôѧãЩɥʬһǶڳҲǵʩᡭ
˵仰ץԵݺһŴݺͬĺ㣬Χ˵ת
ַ˵Ϊ˴ںôңʲôѣҲҵ˽¡˵밵һ𣬱ǳȫ࣬˵ȴϣҲκ˵ָ𡭡ѵϵݺߣ


438  ʻ
װǻƵˣһһַ١
ֻʣ°ˣڽͷ룬ɥ֮ȮһȥģԼǰڳһʥ˵ģѵˡ
˸ͼԴΪָˣԼƵ˵˵λȥֿЦˣַ㵹û
Ů˵ֻΪȴûΪʲô
ַ㾭ʲôı飬ʲô˱ҵ
Ȼᱻǰ˸򶯣и֪֮˱пɺַ֮ȻֻһۣѾ˵ͻ˰㡣
ǿѾ䣬Ϊǿߣ۵ĸϣ֮ǣᱻЩУɱ㹩
ԣҲųȺʿͬһȥҰ⣬ǱޣɥʬǿߣĿǰ˺Ķǿߡ
صˣȴһ㣬˵˵Ʒý³ȻӦãҲܡ
ַһ˵Ļһˡ
ߵģַȴȥֹ˭ܾԼߵŮһأ
ǰ˶һڵУѾ಻ղǸȻģָԼȷװЩˡ
һˣȻָԼַ㵱Ȼ᲻ָ
ЦЦ˵ˣʮݺҶѣֲһʴǮֵûȥ߰ɣ
̣϶һЦȻƲûˡ
ԳϵĽҲмһˣǿ֮սп۵ˣַߵļλһ⡣
ǰ࣬ԼȥԷһʧݵ顣
ַ뿪ʱ򣬻عͷ˵ڰвѣϣ֮Ѹ࣬أֻ֮УһҲûаɣҪȻҲߵһˡ
ַĻһӴеʹԼ룬յķǻΪ˻Σʱһİ˳С
иǰԷģԼһҪκԼ°Լȫɱˡ
ǻƯ˸ܷŹԼԼһҪݺݱǸȺСŮѾͷɱԼǰļʮŶƯˣԼԺκˣһС°ߣԼСš
һжҪݺңԼЩݺңֻ˵ûȵĵĴԼԼͶͷˣһҪȰЩݺõ֡
ݺأ
˵Ŀ⳯ղݺҵķȥһȺ໥ղӳȥݺҡ
˵ıӲһˣиǺֻ֣ҪԼղŰһݺװ뻳УͿԵǵҽƹУһƿ֫ҩˮٴڻ
ڣԼȴЩԾԼݺ˳ȥ˺ûݺңԼȻ޷򵽶ϱҩˮֻԶǱ繷Ļȥ
ߵĴס֣ЩݺǸղλС͸ҵģǲã
ղԼ˵Ҫˣѵ㲻ҪǼ𣿡
ǣǡһˣҪôݺʲô
ƥﻳôݺң²Źأֵֻһ·նѡ
˫ַأƴĳǰȥҶĹУҲ˺һݺҡ
Ȼֻ֮һݺңֻ֮һݺңҲ֮߰ࡣ
ҲЩݺ򲻵һƿ֫ҩǵ˿Լ˵ԼһۿۼۣʱԼжɽĻˡ
ֻҪԼɽ𣬽ԼݺҵˣԼһҲܷŹ
˴һݺװʱһӵĴͻȻ˵Уһѽһݺ˹ȥ
ȫϣݺϣݺңȫ˫ϣץסһСݺңݺʹɵģǿ˺֮£һݺҵҲûб˺ˡ
ͻȻĿ¶׹⣬һţ˵߳ʮ֮Զ
䵽ϣͷѪˣЦһ˵һˣҲ˷Щݺң

˼˵Ķ飬оŮǰ漸ŮļͷǿµĻͣڴʻǼףֳǹƯŮ
ֳǹ벽¶һ˫ʵȵŮǰͦصģ˲˵Ŀ⡣
棬һ̨װ޿Ľӣ̧ӵǰ󺺡
ַ㿴˿ǰ˵֣˵ͦ׵ģȻðǿ߸̧ӣ
ҲһӵЦЩ˾ǲ֪ԼмＸ̧ͨԼ֪˿
ַϵĻУԵĲмĿȻֱָеǸˡ
ǿߣڰ֮ǣϣ֮ǣҲϽݣǣЩǿȴ˵˵ͼĽη
ʯ˼ϣȻַ㿴ȥ飬ȴܽܿȥ˰װڵ̫ˡ
ĶȴЩճǹ¶޳ȵŮǣһĽ˵˻治򵥣ҪȻҲҲôŮ桭¶ŴȵСӸֲףľʮֵһֻ֣һʱҲʰǡ
ַͷ˵֪˭ˡ
Ķɲʵѵүӣ벻үӳŻôŮļǲ̫ˣò̹Ŵ½жûų
ַ㣬Ķˣ˿ںӰ죬ڽͷ˵޼ɵӮΧ˷׷ײĿ
ʻļŮҲַ˿еĲһŮ˵·ǵҪȥ
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ղţǰļŮַ˵ĻʱǵЩкǿַ϶һ˧ʱһŭʱʧӰ١
ַ㣬˼ֱƯˣȻһȺ绨Ůȥѹסеŭ𣬲ŵַ̬һ
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һŮӻץһѻŲԶַ˹ȥЩ紵Ļдľֱַ㡣
Χ۵˷׷״ʧɫ
Ƿ֣ʻŮϵȻͻ˰㣬һǿߣڻȻϡһսʿ뽫ȴƵֿˡ
ǰʻŮһһսʿкϽ𴸵ȫһЩƽ޵ʻϣǿ߱УҲᱻǶϽۡ
ڲʮ֮һӵʱڣЩʻѾַǰߣַȴûзӦ
Χ۵˶Իĸϣ֮ǻ֮߰ǵǿߣǶʶˣȻóŮʻжôľˡ
˰̾ϢŮһʮŮȴһزʶ֣ŮֶδһЩ²ˡ
ҲȫŮȻ˵װڵôһ㣬ǵˣˣڽˣ˼ҲܶԶ֮
ƫƫ⼸ȴԽ޵дڲãĺƯˣǳԶײԷŮʻǶϽۣҲҵġ
ЩֳǹŮѾͣ˽Ųǿǰͬ飬һʻŮɢַ˳ȥ
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440  ߴ˧밫
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ֻϧȴƫƫַ㣬ַƯǰ˸еԼķͷһӱǰαˡ
ַ㽣üĿģ̲ס쳤̾иӿߴ˧ĸп
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Ҳ߸˧˧кһ֣ȻĿ⣬ǵģȴλģ
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Ĵ۾ԲԲĵȫעĶŰ˵ĴϽڣ˵ιñģҿͻҪҵδϹҲһţָͷֻ̫̣֮޷̶Դϣ˰ɣû˵
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һУַֻģģ֪ٱһȣ٣ҲѧУΨһˡ
һ̫ѣԷǧٴΣַһҲûٴμ١
һǵĴѧУȴ˻иǶĶĶܻҲַһѡ
һַ˻սȫĽĶĶߣȻڵĳɾͻַ㣬ȴӵűַķչǱ
ȣ˵Ů
̹Ŵ½״磬˵ֻڵ֮ϣ⼸꣬˵࣬ȡõĳɼַͶ١
ַ˴ѧ֮ʱɽˮһǵʱ;óеĽ񣬺ٱµɽˮ
ַ֤ʵһУǵʥŮ١
ѧ֮ʱѧУʱǰɲЭǹ֯ǵŮеʵʹߣҲ˾ˡ
һʦãʶǣ
ҵͬѧ
ͬѧʲô
ͬѧǶ͸̹Ŵ½еʦֵܲ࣬ԪѧУȴǵʦֵ٣һмˡǵѧУһ༶ʮˣһͬѧǧˡ
˲ԪˣԪ֮ҲǸ߸ϣŲ֪ٿеͬѧָʲô
ٵĽ֮£Ҳˣϸ¶˲мı顣
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һ˵⻰Ķϵ¶˲֮ɫЩΧ۵ǿҲһŭɫ
ЩֳǹŮҲ̲סһЦƺڳЦ̲Լ˼̫ء
ַ㵹ûǵͷͬ˵ĻԪ˵ȷҰ֪ԸߵȿռǿߣͲЩ͵ȵԪ˽ˡ
˶ʱɵˣҲԪˡ
ԼղŵĻԼʦҲ˵ȥˣȻٸղû˵ʲôȴ¶˲˵ģ
ʦã˵Ҳû˼ȻԪִҰȴǳȾǲһ
ʦ֣Сòû˵ãԶҲԶҵ˵ĶԵĻҵҲܣʦֲҪԪ
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˵ĿַиǴļޣȻΪַϡ
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װһνģĿ䵽˱𴦣ַ㻹ע⵽һС
ַҲЦˣ֪˵ĸɶӻ׶ӣҲôĹϸԼܷŹȻԼɱģȻԼͲܸԼ»
һǿߵϣ±ַ˵ҲһӦ飬ַҲԷɱġ
ַ٣Ķͬѧ̸Цȴɱˣ취ٵķŭ


442  ͬͬѧ
ͬѧط꣬ȻҲûȥˣַѣһ𷵻Ľٸ
ģ⽭ʵ뷨סûǽнٸ
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Ԫĩ֮˱뿪̹Ŵ½Ȼ˵̫ͣĩķ
ҲԪ
˻мʦãЩʦһ˵ʦҪȥԪ׷ҽ뿪ˡ
ȻҲȥԪСΪӣ֮
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˲ͬǣ˶Ԫû˿ͬģΪԪһȺ̫͵ȫҲʲôãЩˣҲΪԪռǿռ䡣
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ʵ˲ŲںԪ˵ء
ٺһУҾ٣ٸм˵ľ֮Ƿ˺óһʱ䡣
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ϯʼʱַ㳯ĶʹһɫĶַ㼷˼ۣǵԣһҪжļһࡣ


443  𳡽
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ޣٲһЦˣĶ˵ַɣ˻ƤƴԼëȻģôѧУʱһ
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444  Ǻ˭
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һɳ֮ǿߣֹ顣
ü˵常Ҳ֪λһ̫ǿߵĶԼӰӳ֮ˣ常Ҳ£ĺܶǿҲ֣²Ž常Щġ
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ƳɹĻЩɥʬǿ߾Ϳ԰Ѫ࣬ϵҲ᳹ʧͨˡ
ַٵĵģȻԽɥʬ࣬Щɥʬǿڷ֮ȴʧȥе
ڱ޺еĽ죬Щɥʬǿһӱͨ˵Ļǲᱻ׸ᱻǿ۸
ϣ֮еͨʿҲʮʮʿĿǰֻײĴڡ
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һͻһͨʿͿ׾ٵĻɱǧɥʬǿߡ
ڵ֪˴ĸ֮󣬰һЩɥʬǿ߲Ȼǣƻƽ̡
ַͻȻеЩͷʹ벻һΣµģӰӳǵǿߣаɥʬǿߡ
ڰΪʲôõϢȻӰӳǰɢġ
֪ƽʬΣĻ˵һԴ¡
Ѿ˰һǿߣ֮λãһ޸֮ͨˣ׸ôܵˣ
ߵʱַһ֣صĶ˵٣𣿡
ַ㣬ĵսˣ˭һ㣿
˵⻰Ǻġ
ţҲǺģƷĿãͬѧô᲻ءѧУʱȻ˵ȴһԳУܶŮǶ˵ϹĻıֶеˣҲǲ̫ѵĻΧҵѿˡ
ַһڵأ벻ԼоȻзĶȰԼ׷٣Լı˵⣬ڱĶ֮󣬶ͷ
Լ֪ٶԼߵĻѧУʱԼ͸ٱļɲѣԼٶһļ֮ԼԼҲá
ַȴû˼Щһص˵٣ڷƼǸʱᱻǿ׻ԺֻҪκεķ紵ݶ㶼ҪڵһʱңԱԲߡ
ûôذɣҵʦѾﵽ˶㣬ҵ常ʦָǿ˶ٱѵΪӰӳǵ˿Ի𣿡
Ӱӳ֮һ˵ȷٲǣԳֻ֣أ
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˵Ǹˣ֮ʮˣǵĻҸϢѵа취Ը𣿡
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ĩӵĻпҴǿˣֲһ¹شʱұ磬µϢҡ
ȻΪȫ࣬ҲΪǣû⡣
УҪǰǸġ
Ϊʲôҵʦѽ
ΪҲϲǸˡ

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ԭǸϼһﱻһж˸۸һӣָԷ۸ˣԭĶСڷԼԼһҷϡ
Ǻһûڴ߶ʮӣԼĵ
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ǺҲͷ˵˵ĲзҪ̫ˣϴڴ֮ͥ£ȻַһˣȥĻַֻ»ᳰЦûˣֻɳܾ֮ȥԸû¡
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445  
Ȼޱ˵ܾ֮£˵һʱ죬ַĺ֣˭֪һλ᲻ַĺ֡
ܸԪѾԼ̹Ŵ½涼ˡѵ㻹Ҫȥ̹Ŵ½һ𣿡
Ļ˵һҲ档
һֱзǺأȻҪзһأǣȴзء
֪зԪַ㣬һεʱб㰵ԽˬзǺǰĵλһǧɣǳûǺǰԷ
зȻŭ˵ֶʵҲ޷Էȴִ򲻹ԷŲò
зٴζǺߵͷ˵һΣɱַ㣬Ըлһλ᣿
Ǻͷ˵ðɣȥսԶһǰȥ㶨ҪΩ֮Ǵӣ㻹ܵĻ˵ͷ
за죬ԼԴûˣһغˣôͷأ汾ûУµıȴܼ
ллλᣬ֣Сһж
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з״дŭԳԷԼȻһⱻַˣֻԼãַĻ˵ᱻԷһԴء
ȵ˱ַԴʱ򣬾ַ֪жôˡ
ǺͻȻĶҧгݵ˵ĶǸݰȻұ˲еҷǺӡ˷Ҿͽ֪ҷҲҪСĶַߵһŴݰȴǸݰ֣ٶԸַ㡭
ĶȻΪ̹Ŵ½ĹŵӣδĽӰ֮һ̹Ŵ½ߣϧǺܾûл̹Ŵ½
̹Ŵ½ԪָңԶԪռ䣬缫Ϊ㣬ǺŲ֪Ķ̹Ŵ½ߡ

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ĶͻȻһ˻ѷεŭ


447  Ѫ
˵ıҪľ֮ʱеı̻ͬһٸмš
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ֽĺ˼۵ĲͻȻͣͣϸǹһľ벻˼ı飬漴˵ϳ˴ˤʱеơ
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ֲĳģҪ̫磡
סԼԸеͣԼǻҵĲ¶˿־ı顣
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ǡûСүǣЩ˵ĻֻˣôԽԼĹ;Ϊأ
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ⲻǵ͵òȡϵŮˣС򶼲ףôˣԼĺˣôͲŮӭأ
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ǰᣬһĿַһۣȻٷˣȴַ㣬ַָˡ
ղ˵һٶʮ㣬ȴƬ֮䣬ַڵľиƬ
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ԾԾԣַ㵭˵Щ˲ҪȫɱˣͷǸˡ
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á
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һַôһˣַԶԶ֪Լɱַˡ
Ҫߵʱȴ˳仰·Ѿ˳ϵ⡣
ĲһûΪﵽһٰʮǿߣĽ̶ҲǽǺԲһѡ
Ҫ˵ϣַ㣬ǰѶԷڣַ֪㼫ǣȻַߵЩ˷
ʮС˹кܲζԼΪ̹Ŵ½ǿߣȻһԪСŮսҲ̫û˰ɣ
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еı䵽ϵһ̣еıָĺϡ
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448  ̼
ҵĺˣַߵһǰ˵˵ɣ˭ָʹģ
ַ㵱ʣ˵¶˷ŭ֮ɫ
Ϊ̹Ŵ½ǿߣǺܶԪǿܣѾǸеˣַ˿ְڳһ±ƹģ
ʷǰǿ߱ͼԪռ˱ƹʱǼиеŭɶ
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˵Ļû˵ַ꣬Ѿ̽צһ˵ľԷڵͬϷˮһյڡ
ַǿ̫࣬ڵַ֮ûǿ١
˵ַӦÿĴڣһĴڣҲû̫İ
ȴҪְͨ취ԷǼ˵ģԱһĶ
ַͬбһѿĸʬиӷŭˡ
Ŀַ˵ַ㣬ȻԪгۣ̹Ŵ½ȻһĴڡɱ̹Ŵ½ˣ̹Ŵ½ĹУֻҪ鴫ȥԪ֮УҲû֮ء
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뵽ȼһ˿ϣ
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ɫٱ䣬ԼĶأĶ̹Ŵ½ߣַĶѣԼıɱȣַںô˵Լռ
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˼ǣ˾Ȼûзκβҽ
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뵽Լ壬̴ĻǸжѽ˵ԼẰþ춯صģȴһҽжûз
˵ƣв۵Ǳʡ
ۻûȴ˶߷һ̾ϢǸź죬ַ뽭Ϸġ
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˴СѾͷбһɱңĥңʲôú
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ַڲԶο˵ûµģһӶѣ̼ܻеģ


449  ̳
˵ͷбһΣٴδ£һҽ˵ʱһֲѪ
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ίĲһᡣ
ûĥԷ˼ֻûɱˣڴ˵ʱֺµı۾ŻʹԼıʧ֣̲жԷҪ
ģû׼һλעġ
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ĶҲЦԼʶʱ񣬹ֲˣ㲻Ҳ̫įͬ壬ʦţԼйصŮˣܿȥ׷㡭
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Ķ˲ʲôԼģδţԼʦ̹Ŵ½ģҲû˿Ļɡ


450  ²С
Ź֣صǩԼֵ֮󣬽ʳһ̧ͷʵҿ˰ɣ
ĶʳԶʣղ̹Ŵ½ŷģĶĵжôĴҲʦͷˢ
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ĶƷôûеԼʦͷҡײƭҪȻΪݡ
Ķ˹ʣͷ˵֣Ǻ죬лϣͿˣһ̰ɣ
Ķе֮һӣһϵľ紵ĳͻȻƮԺľһѪߡ
ˡȻôһ£Ȼ¶˲˼ı
֮ǰĶʦ壬һ޿ɶģΪŵ֮ʱȴתۼʳԡ
Ķֱٶδ̫˰ɣ
˵ʲôҲ̹Ŵ½ߣδѡ֮һĶ֮˲ʳԶʣ˵š
ƷôֵزһƷˣôΪ̹Ŵ½ߣ
ѪˮԽԽ࣬Ȼ֮ƣؿڶմѪĺѾĶһնϣȻˣȴĿı顣
Ŀı飬Ķ˵ҲĿ⿴ңʳˣˣҵʦĶģǸӦˣ˲úҲʦ˼Ҳú޹ء
Ѿ·仰Դ͵һǶĶ⻰ĻӦĶղһҪҲᱻĶ仰
ղܵʱ򣬲һ֣ʹĶʦ壬һ޿ɶĶģΪԼСһǱסˡ
Ԫ̹Ŵ½ŵԶǺһ飬ֻҪŵˣͺΥĶԪַСܣ̹Ŵ½ֻߣݵˣȻᱳŵԡ
ĶˣȴûнղŷĶķϣ˸е˼ǣڹʻѺ֮Ͷ
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Ա˵ӸǲһۿĶ֮ʱҲˣʱлܸˣĶʦģȻʳԶʡ
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֪ҲãǸɴһᣬĶƿڴ
Ķû֣ԼŵԣȷЩ˵Ҳûзϡ
Ķеĵһ˵Դͬʱ˳ȥعͷ˵ӣɱɱģ㿴㣬ʮ̲һˣʹҪ
磬ĵȷղӦɱǵģת۾ʳԣ᲻أ
ȻᣬҵĳڣѵһС¾ܽ𡭡ŵԣҲδسŵһǼ˻صǣҵǺ˵һ֤ʳʹ֤ʱһŷֽ
Ҳ˵ˣֻпܱŵǲŵĻǴɱ˺𣿡
󲻽ģĶС۾һ˵ΪԼܹõĻȥɱΣסԼСԶκ˵Ϊ˱סԼСҪ˱˵СҲûʲô˵ǽǲ⣬ֺɱһ˵
磬Ϊʲôղʦ壬Լ巢أ
ȻΪҵʦͷҴö࣬˵Ҳš
ԭ
ţʵһԭǾԻӦĻҲӦҵʦҵϡ
һģĶЦ
ַ̹ĩлȥҪ伫ʲôֶЧʲô̫ںⶫ
ֻҪյĿǹģʹֶΣڽĳһ죬ЩֶҲĹޱȡ
Ҳַ㾭֮󣬵óᣬĶַϳɹѧһС
ĶԿ̫صĻ޷ƭˣƭԺ޷㣬Ӧпʹ˵ĿгɹӰӳǿ١
ʧȥ˵裬ɥʬǿ߱ԶѪսȥһ
ȻĶ˳ŵȴõݹʣֻҪݹõ֣ǺֻзǵĻԺַǵжҲ˳ܶࡣ
ĶŵõĹʣʹַԺռһʮλϣΪĩס
Ը˵ı壬ǧ˵ĻĶԥѡŵ౳Ҳûʲô
ĶҲԼʦ֪Լݿ֮ҲһԼַģ߲СڣҲַ㷴̹Լġ
ĶΪ˵ΪݣĶƴűĻõѺĹ״ˡ
״ǺҶǲĻֻҪĶóݹ״ָǺҪ̹Ŵ½ͼı죬״˵ĻѺ׼ԺǺٶ
ݹ״ӣҲվסΪǺ˵
Ĳ˴֣ӻӵĻֻҪĶݹû̹Ŵ½һ飬ǺҲֻгԲ˶ߡ
Ȼǵ׸磬̹Ŵ½䣬ƬصͳߣĶпδΪ̹Ŵ½һ䡣
ĶǺìܵʱ򣬵ֻվĶһߡ
ֻҪ֧ĶҲֻò
Ϊ˽ĩ˺ֿܶ裬ֻҪǺַ̫֣Ҳº֣Ҳ˼ӡ
˵ǺɱģٸĻַԥɱǺַٹ˴֣Ҳһв˻ȥ
ϵͷҲǷǳˣű䣬ǸԶһЩ
һ˴ĶĴԳŵΪأ˵ĻֻǴܴķ鷳
ĶղŵΪȻϳᱻָ𣬵ȴΪȷٵΣΡ
˿̣и룬ԼĻԼǲҲҪĶ±壬ҲҪʹԼռλأ
ַղȻδһʣȻĬ֧Ķ
ĩУΪȫĳ棬Լʲô
߲СڣŽˣ


451  ʹС
ַ˻ص֮Ǻûַϵ鷳֪ǲʲôԵʣŰ
Ǹеǣ˾ȻַϷ롣
λ̹Ŵ½ǿߣǲѾ֪ǵݣ֪ɱǿߣҪһ棿
ȥ·ϣȻַ˵֣˵˴˿֪ǵ𣿡
ӦǺٶ֪ˣôأ
˵˵ǸµҰף˵֪ǺٽӴ顭
ַȴųϵĻĲµĻͲὨˡ
Ƴ裬Ҳͨ˳Լǣƹ㵽ȥԼΪټǡ
Ҳ˵ŮϿƺãΪʥŮǣܹΪޣǺˡ
ҪȻǺϮԼҲһϢòˣ
˶һյ裬ֽ˲ʮɥʬʬ壬Ƿݺģȷ̾
ǳڱ֮ģȻã裬ͼȫĵɥʬǾͷǻ֮ˡ
ַ˵ƷأǺƷã
⻹ȻٹƷãȻûκνӴƾֱȴԸоӵƷҪùǺٱǵֻһۣ֪µ˵ıΣҲȷǸ˼ԸŮ
ǺԪ޸飬ȴвٿǣ֪Ī縸Ǻٻαװѵ˵ӵı𡭡һʼҪǺƿǣǺȻѡ٣ȴȻǺƿǣȻǺܹȫ᳹˵־ȴδһ㡭
΢΢һüַ⻰ȻڻԪĲĶԪĲĻΪʲôֻأ
ַ㻳˵
ɻģַ㵭ЦЦ
˵ĹУֻк˻ˣΪ˽ȫµɥʬһյ裬Ȼˡ
ЩԵǻˡ
ַ֪˻˾һ仰ͿԸġ
ǺˣҲò£ҲɥҲżµʱ
Ϊ˵ַ㣬ջ񲢲ǻ˶ôǿսѧһΪĿ⡣
һЩУλ˵үүַȴͨΧĲ֣˵һ档
Ľڵģǵĳǽȴ쳣ǿֻҪ˳ͷҪص㣬ٶҲ򲻽
ַһľ飬ʹ÷˳ǵȫ۷ˮƽǰߴĺϽǽȣ˺ܶࡣ
ĲµĻȻƳ˹ؼ汸ĳǷϵͳѵǽʱ򣬾ʹԺս
Ļ˾һд󱧸Ұĵˣһд󱧸ҰĵˣǱ֮ˡ
һǿݣµˣûм˻
д󱧸Ļ㲻⻪裬ƽĳƻвɻȱһΪˡ
̹Ŵ½ˣۣ֮ǵһ̫͵ϹЩţǣûһǼ
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Сϰɫְҵװĩǰ˾ְҵˣ°ǰװ׵Ķȹ
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ϣǧ̾ƽŮϲепˡ
ַĩǰЩЦݣֿɰ׵Щʹ
ԷĻԼַжЩԼĵһŮˣֶԼأһֱԼ׵λ֪ɵģԼһʱ仨ǰµʱȴࡣ
ԼδҲļΪˡ
ڶݵĽ̸УС˵¶ôһ¡
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ַѪȻúܲӪֶη棬ַҲԶԶ糤ҡ
ǳתѪĻʱ֮ڣͿıַĹģʮֹ
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ЩԵҵٸߣҲȾָҵĽԼǧҵĽ
ַ޽ڲ٣ֻҪݺҿ׬ͷŵȥˣǱȻ˵ʲôУǻǶַǱġ
뽫ƹ㵽ȫȥ֮ҲֻгҲſַ룬ʮĹģҲ޷ﵽҵˮƽ
ҵľʶǧĳѾǵѪҺС
ⲻַ·ҵĺоͿᲢ۵ģǧʱҲַڴæ֮нܿᲢ۵ġ
Ҫƹ㵽ȫȥһ̹Ŵ½˵Ȼһ㣬ֻҳǧ
񳤰ǧңǰıԼҪֻҪ˴ЭĻ᲻¡
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ٵȻƭ
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ı㣬ӽַ϶һ¡
ǾǸĻļһԪ裬ȫԺġ
ŵˣҲ̹Ŵ½дǺԪյŮ١
ٵŮҲǿŮƷĳһ棬ͨ£Ԫ˲ˣԱΪͼıɨ·
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ҵҲɵӣ˲óһЩʲôԳΨͼԸǿ˺Źأ
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ַȻСһͨѵģһȴûϵ۾
ϲ̾벻ģúÿôĺôﶼܵõŮĴ࡭
⻰ַָ㴦ʹмƣзմǲݣԼҹҹɣ嶼ĸ
ַеûѳϵָ𵱻¡
ȣСʵĸ飬ΣСڴ̸Уһ֪ٸϢ
ԼδһߵĹϵ̽һϢʲô˵ģ
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ҵֵܣұڹʲôҪװˣ˰ɣ
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ʲôϻл㻹ƻŪֶεˣ
˻᲻ŪֶҲ֪ҿ͸һˣۣϹǵĵˣǿԿ͸ǣǲ¡һ͸ˣĵˣͬλײβˡ
Ķһûһģһʮ߰˹ַһϹ˵λͣλ


452  ҵ
ߺһĿַλ˼ҳһҪַ㻹硣
ߵϼұһַǸϹѧ˳ֽ˵ǸַһĪĹ
Ȼַ֪ݣַ磬жʱ֮ܳУ˵ʱ嶼΢΢
ɻĿַһַۣĵսǰߣֻһͨ࣬˺䵽ǣ˵ߣź˵ճӡ
۴һ˵ַ㶼Ӧǰ߳Ϲϵ
ϣǴ
ַ㣬Լߵ˶ǺպĴַǰκͰףҲԶǰһͨ߳Ϲϵ
ַȴƫƫһС̸
ǼԼڵκ鶼̸ַܶҪ߿д̽õϢֻҲǳ롣
ȻַͲӦóԱ˳ŵƵģͣģַĵĻ⣬Ҳûǣгһ
˵ַĸǿļ䣬Եڼɣȴ˵κйκ¡
ַǰ˵ǵ飬һǻĺѿ̸ַֻϼҵЩ£еľ轵һЩ
ַԵرѯ߻ʲôˣڶ
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ַѯ֮²֪ǰ꣬һһʧɢһá
ȻȥѰã̫Сֻ»˷˳ǣ·ˡ
˸ǩһһ飬Ǿûǵ֮ǰһһҲ뿪ǡ
ڲһź̹Ŵ½ǿߵūŶѣȥҲҪԼӵͬС
˵þ죬һС
Щ̹Ŵ½ǿߣȴЩĸϣûʹǲǻˡ
ַȴˣַ˵еĴȴСˣжַ˸м
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ַϰѰԼʧɢһãһжĹַǰУñҪ
ܵĻԼԼõһƽ
ַǻĵһǿߣֻҪϰԼҪ˵Լãڴ֮ҳһҲ¡
Լý˷˳ǣλŮ˾̻ԣ֮Ȼûܹ˺á
ˣ˵սˣֻҪչ˺СԺƣˣԺʲôҶһüͷ
仰ҲˣȻҲ֪ϵݣ֪Գϵݣ˵ûųϡ
⻰ַһõ˵ֻǾͶԵԸ㣬ѵΪΪΪ𡭡֮»ַ飬ѵҪ𣿡
ַ˵⻰ʱ࣬˵еַ˽˵¼밵Լ˺ˡ
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һмģϺ޲ַһĭ
ַһҲαˣ룬ȻҪ˵߰һ˫۾Լ˵һһ
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ַչ˺ãûҪΪµĻȻΪַ£ȴöԲˣЩʱ˵ַ㡣
ڣַİ룬ȴͼԷԸΪַͿء
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ַвԷΪĻȻҲܴﵽһЧڲȴ³ˣԽ֪Խõ׷档
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ԼӰӳڽˣǴЩԪʷǰǿ֮ģ쿴ԼµǸ֣˵гɹϣ
תۼ䣬ַϸߣ˵ԺУַ쵽֮󣬹ɵȥ
ıӰַаԼãԼ޷˵٣ȴʱ
ַ㿴ĵһַͿǸѪԵˡ
ԼһԼİַԸչãʾЧҵʱ
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Ѫֻ꣬ҪԼ˿иһеˣƴǣҲ׷ˡ
룬ȷǸַ꣬Уǵ˽֮󣬽ط˳ǵĴ㡣
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Ϻǰֻװ棬װ棬ַ˵ᳵ·
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ַȻ˵ҡ
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˼˵ǿ֪ӰӳΪʲôҪƻƹ𣿡
ַ˵Ըꣿ
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ַϵ˵ͷǵӰӳǵժ¥Ϫ̸˵Ҳ˵
˼˵Ŀģǳ״ݻԪĩ٣ֻǵĵһڶҪҴȫɱ⣬Ҳ࣬Ԫɥʬಢûκ𣬶Ŀꡭ
һ֮󣬱Խϵɥʬ࣬ʱȫĵ˵ŽʹļƻգӰӳ֮Ԫһݵ㣬Ӱӳǵǿ߲ҪǸƻ
ɫ΢䣬Ǳ⻰ˣǷ˵ѡ
ַժ¥ϪĶԻ֪۸ԪֻΪһԼ
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ۣϹǶǰԪδһעȴûгԪеɥʬļƻ
Ȼ˲֪Ϫ۵ĶԻ֪ĺڰصϵŻԺǡ
ȻˣӰӳǲӴܶԻ˵Ļᱻ˵Ļס
ַһʼͶ϶ԪȫΪб˵Ը񣬲ԪԪַ㵱ĻȻû˵
һαЦһҪվ˵Ļԡ
ַȴ˳һţһȻģ˵ǰʼ벻ףΪʲôӰӳԪΪУһ˵֪ԭһ¡


453  ̫в
ĬҲ֪ԼڽҴ˵ĻԵĻ˵ʹǷ
ǷĻԺӶ߳ȥҪַװ棬
һԲ
ַʵ֪ԼҪòܳɹƳ
ԭԤƻҪһ£ڿĻԼʮ죬ͿƳˣֻҪƳұԴ͸ǣʹȫĵɥʬ࡭
ַ֪Լ˵Ϲˡ
ղСԼͷʱѾԼƹѾ˸ҵ磬ƹ㵽ȫȥ
ȴԼ˵Ϲ˵жʮ죬ͿƳ衣
˵鱨ȻòôãŻ᲻֪ԼСϵԼǰ˵
˲֪ԼС飬ȻܣҲǵ鱨ϵͳ̫󣬶Լ̫˲Ųм˽⻪ĸָ֮֯ӹϵ
⸱ַ鶼ʧȥˣԵЩΡ
˺ͻȻʲôɫǺ֮һᣬѾˣλǣҲΪ˰ӦӰӳЩѪļһҲǵѣô˵ǺΪǾԣԺǵ鷳ֱңҾĲǸ
ַףΪʲôǺûԼ鷳ԭܵ˵ĸ룬֮ԸǺȻΪҪԼǹʹȥԸӰӳǿߣԼˣ˭ȥӦӰӳǵǿأ
ҲпܵڣǺûյЩȫûϢҪȻͲ˵Ȱ棬Լƴˡ
ַȴǺ鷳ǰΪǸɾĳߣҲΪ˽ȫĵˣڿԪͼı
ȻĻǺٸԼ鷳ԼֱϼңΪҵԼԼҲ˵ǺԼԼǱĻ
ַȻǺˣлǶЩɵģȻ˵жǿһҲ̹Ŵ½ĵܵܣȻȥ
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ӰӳǵǿˣԼƴͬھֻϺ꣬Ŀǰľ˾׽͸硣
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ַ㵣ĵǣۼпڽǣȻûκ֤ۻǣַоо
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ͬھĻԼͿԽȫȫȥеɥʬ࣬Լдơ
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Ȼһһˡ
ѵǾĵʲôԸ˵İ취ûУ
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һҲǣԼɲַߵﶼŮƣԼɲ
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ַ㵱Ȼûɱ˵İա
ߣҲǾжٿ裬м裬ҲֻܽȰļˣ⼸裬ȫĵɥʬ˵ֻǾţһëԶԶ޷ȫɥʬࡣ
Լֲ֪ط˹ˣԺû˿Լ
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ڳϲˣҵмû취㲻һԡ
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ź˵Ǹ룬Ѿأ˵ˣ˵Ĳˮ¶ĻһԶǸ϶٣Ĺϵͬһ㣬Ȼ˵ŮŮ˳ˣܻĵģֻҪʹȥˣ˵ְͨ취ɱ϶
ַĴָ֣̫вˣ
֣⻰ôˣ
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ַҵǣź̻뾡취ҵһСŮưǸŮ
ַ֮ԽǣΪڵԪȫֹκźŵĴ봫
ڳڣЯƵ豸޷ʹãҪȻҲôĹˡ
ַ֪Ҫϧۣڷ˳ҵһСŮʱɫһѿԴڣַ߾ϣͬѧ٣δС
ַ񻹲ģڷ˳һСŮô̰ĵˣ
ʱĴ
ʱַеĪ֪Ѿͷӵ񾭣ǸŮƬ֮Ųղˡ
ƬϵŮֻʮֻ꣬һƫϵòԼַˣ漴ȥ̻ȥˡ
ֻҪһǣϵƵԳͨʹãֻҪƬŮڷ˳ǵĻСʱ̻ӦҵǸСŮټˡ
Ȼַ֪ǸСŮʲôֻҪַ֪ǸŮϵˡ
ƾһ͹ˣ飬Բܲʡ
ַлвٵɻ󣬱С˵̸ôˣ˻жԼЩⶼͨȥС˽⡣
ⶼַСҪԭСԽԽˣҲԽԽƯˣַ㿴ĶĶѡ
֮ԼδޣҲкþû棬ԼҲȥǸѾͷúһˡ


454  ϼ
ַ㲻ɵðһ̫㣬ʹԼϵһûõİ衣
飬޲ԵӦˣһȴѲַ㣬һĩʮ꣬Сɵֻ˵ר
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װŸ±ǵпҲװеĺ塣
Լĵص㣬Сһɫȹͷңַ㰵ԼһұУһ䣬ַӱסСһֻ¶С⻬Сһֻ׽סǰѩס
СһסԼˣԼδĻԺԼôˣһϤ˵ţң
С漴ˣȴԹĿ˵ַ㣬ݣһӴ꣬һֻ۸ң
Ҳ˵ҰһӴˣǲѽôֳ۸أɣþûмСˣҾ̽һӵ壬ǰкβͬ
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ַıǼСľ̰ţϺŵ㣬建ķŵ˴֮ϡ
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Ϊһˣ˭Ƥȥձ˵ŮأǺûûƤ֮еģΪٲħצԼҲҪݹ
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ַе뷨СƣȻգȴûࡣ
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ĩַ뻪ĸأ֪˶ˣǣȻҲΪ˲ġ
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СͬһֻСðɵķַĻ˵赱Ȼ׸磬Ҫǡ
ļ۸ôģ
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ǽ趨ļ۸ߵĻֻϾɥʬֻһɥʬǿ߷Ļ޷׸ı仪ĵ֡
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Ŀǰû̸ףǵ˼߷ֳɣôͷСͷǵ˼ֳɣ˲ͬ⣬̸˽֡
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ǻͬģľڣңûκܽƹ㵽ȫȥǱѡֻǣϣǲò
ַҲǣܹƳ裬ȴûƹ㵽ȫȥ
СԸҲеģ֮£ңȷû˿ڶʱ֮ڽȫ
Լ֮ҲУԼ粻ͨ˴
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人ǵͮȻһľӪ人ƫһǣٿȫƹ㣬ûôļԦ
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ĻԺٵľ棬ڻҪѪȻҪңΣԼ鷢


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Ȼû٣ĸ飬ŵôãԼˣضա
˵ԼٵͬѧԼֶԪˣȻиĹͬԡ
һΣ˵ʲôԼҲҪõ٣ǺǼһ


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ɣڵʣУ˲һһôᱻһֻӸ۾أ
Ҳ֪һֻıӰɣšϽҴһںܡ
ɻַͷһַֻƤĴ
ַһˣٿмдķ㣬ǲһַҲˡ
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ǺĻͺܲˣַٴ˿һֱϣӸղԶķλһΪԼ졣
ԼûûˣͣĻλãַҪľЧѾģ͵ģ
֮һt̨ϣǺһɣеԶͻȻ䵽˲t̨£ˤ˸ǣǿѪһѣһӼ׸ߵĲt̨ˤȥ
Ǻиǳ˺⣬벻һŮˣȻ˲ܣڹ컯֮£ַ§§ôʱ䡣
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ǺͬһֻҹӲt̨£ֱٵĽٸʮӣӰѾ˽ٸϿա
ٱǺûзǺѾ˽ٸԺϿգֻǲַַͣ㣬𣬻ҪҴ𣿡
ַ㲢ûд𻰣ڵľȴΪٵķУֱпٸϹǺ
֮ǺƾڵľһԹڸ߿л˼ףȻ˽ٸȴѾƣˡ
ַ㲻ĻȫҲȵַǰ
ַȴǺƣڰ޴ʱ̣˼ٵķС
Ǻַ㱰ɣжٶ潻ֵĻַ㣬ڣַȴʱϮ
ǺڰܹЩУѾʧȥ˿ƣһͷ䵽СԺе˹С
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Ժм˹зһ춯صľ죬͵ػعͷҲ˸ַ㴵۾ˣǶԺĺһʲôˣȻôٸϽ


457  ش

ոƽˮͻȻըһߴӰˮԾһˮ˰ߡ
ʪ͸ˣͬһǺٲľʦ֣ô㣿
ףΪʲôʦִԺĺУˤǱ
˿̵Ǻͷ޴Ͻڲ֪䵽ȥˣͷʮңǰǸϽڲ֪ǲ䵽˺ףһ߰ԸǺһվַǰ
ǺϵİʪģԵúңղͨԶַ§§һûûˣжʱðɣŲһе˹
ڿлôãѾڰַյһʹǱĵԺĺС
˿ǺɫҰ׵վַٶ棬ϵıͬһѿ
ղַ§§ֻǽŭַղ֣Ǳĵ˺ˮУʹɨء
˿̵Ǻͬһ¹ڳʿһ£˹˹ĵڴϣ˸߲ҵʱȴһͷ˰éС
һֱǺǰһ񣬷εģ˿̣ȴǰһͷ˺УǺо˾޴ĳ衣
𲻾֮ǰַȵıһĻ棬ֵǰĺУͷϽڶ֪ȥˣһǱܸġ
ŭ裬Լһһ˺ҧģػֶ꣬ûһ£ʥŮŮȴ˱˻У޷¡
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еļȻ˵٣λ޳Сˣǰλһսַˡ
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ٶʱĻңȻûϲǺȻںܶʱֻǰǺ磬˿ַ̱ӵסлǾЩס
ٲɵ֪ǺЩ⣬ȻûӦŵԷʲôַ˿ӵڹȻǺ
Ǻһ𣬵˿ַǺǰֵ̫ҲЩס
ƿַĻֻλͬѧģҲϲλͬѧġ
ַǻսǧӵĴڡ
ԼƿַĻƱػλ˵ģַȥĻԺһˣպͨѶɡ
ʵַҪǿĶַ࣬ǿѾޱȣܵ˺
֮⣬ǰȫĵնɱҲһ˿ݡ
лĻַ㲢ųԼȥȫ࣬ΪȫԼĻҲ顣
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κ֮ǰҲҪȷԼ㹻ĺôŻȥȥﺫѩͮС룬ϣԺԼ档
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ٱַӵס˸ͨ죬û뵽ַ˵˿̱Ȼͷûκαʾ
һУǺ岻ĲҲһңԴڸһѣĸо
ۡ
ǺٴһѪҡҡλΣ·˺صˣʵϣַĴһ൱Ķ֣սһ֮˺Ҫ
һ̣ǺоԼĵĶʼɢڵľʧصΣա
ߣƽ͵ľҲҪ
һˣֻľƽˣսŻиߣǺ˶꣬˸ѭѭյĽ̵κ£Ҫһƽġ
ֻˣӳԼǱ˵֮
ЩǺ̹Ŵ½˼ΪĮԼʦʦҲʮĮԼ常Ҳû̫ĸ顣
֮ԪΪԼˣܹõĺô˲׷Ԫ
ΪԼĵѾ㹻ᶨǰɱĸĸֵܣԼʶˣܲϲһЦ֮
Դ֮ǿıҲ޷ƽԼûжǿõԷ
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һ̣ĵɢ˱ڲt̨֮ʱҪѪ
˿̣ѵʶѾߣ֮Ի˽ʧݣַ㼤ĵĴңΪϲǰŮˡ
һУַ޳ܵˣشĵġ
ǺеԼľڲϵ½ľ½ڵսҲѸ½ڣսѾڼʱ̡
Ǻңıشģַ΢΢ЦЦ
ǺȻǿȴԼȻ߻ħʵȴѾΪ½£ԼɱԷĻ͸ˡ
Լô࣬ΪԷ
ԼȻûǺشĵģʹʵۿۣҲﵽԼĿġ
ĶβøǺˣ
ʦ֣
ЩǺԼչذٵ¶˹еĿ⣬ǰסҡҡ׹ҪǺ
⣬ַסס֫һҲá
ڵǺȻͬһӣٹȥ˵ΣգַŲȥ֮⣬ַ㻹һ⣬ǾһǺ
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ַ᲻֪Ǻе뷨أȴǺ⣬ַҡҡͷ˵Ҳġ
ˣ
ô룬Ҿǲ㽻֣
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ߣڷŭ֮£ۿۣǺǸ⣬ڱַ㼤ŭ֮ڵȻɢңɢҵľȴͻȻ˻һеơ
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ַ㲻ԷǰǺ͹ѶԸˣҪٴͻ֮󣬾͸޷Ըˡ
ԼҪĴ֮ɱֻºԼôֵǣҵˣԼġ
Ǻȴû˿η壬ǣңв˲µģԼͼԼŭﵽԸĿģԸˣ
ַȻ֣ǺȴŹһݣʳһֱַ㡣


458  
ʦ֣Ҫ
ͻȻַǰѾǺڼȷŭ֮󣬵ƶǴﵽ˶ٶʮ㡣
ַֻһʮ㣬Ǻ֮䣬ʮĲַ࣬սռƣҲ޷ʤǿһصǿߡ
ǺڶַѾ֮ǣֵĻһ飬ַϾԷֻҪһ⣬ʱɥΣա
ַڻжôĹҫۣǴûаܹս񣬵̹Ŵ½ǿȣûκεơ
̹Ŵ½ߣܶ඼ϰΪǺûϰΪȴСС
ԪеǿߣǴĩΣ֮²ѧַ֮Ԫֵǿߣֻʱ䣬ܳСս̹Ŵ½ǿߡ
ٸܵǺɱַݵľģŵַǰ
ַûеЩӢһһƿ٣ǺһսİõĶ
иǰлǺĻɱ˶Է
ڵãԼʹǺĵƶǿİٷ֮ʮǰǺ֣ԼûбʤİգҪ˵ǿˡ
ȻҪİõĶ󣬿Ǻôѵɱٲ
ãҾһɱˡ
Ǻһһȭ٣ȻٵѾˣмƻ˿գһű˵Ů˸ʲô
ٵȻһҲûжִĵַǰ¶һľǿ֮ɫϤףܶ
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ַаǺ˵Լ֮ԽԽܵĹϵԼһˣȴԼѧ޳֮
ڸղǺֵʱַҲƴǺĸһɱٵĻַ֮ǰٵٵһߡ
Ǻͣסַ֣ҲûнһߣǶ֡
ǺģƺٻûģȻԼͶٱ󣬽潻ˡ
ǺִҪɱԼĻһᶨֹֹˣҲǺַʱǵĹϵȻֽ᳹ˡ
һ㣬ַϣġ
ַĬǺΪᶨĵֿʼַ㣬Ǳַ޳ܾٶˡ
ΪһСŮΪվ˳ϧԼά
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ĩǰЩαȻǶ֪֪֮ԼΪΪݡ
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Ǻַ㣬Ǹ˵Ļ͸վѵһ𣿡
ǲˣ˵㣬Ҳ˵㣬ҵ̥ʱģ˵ҲˣҾͲˣϲ˵ĻǾɡҿɴû˵Ҫһӣ㵽뿪ʱҾͲҪٶˡ
Ǻϵַ㣬һᵽɤۡ
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ǺָŶַַ˵ַ㣬һˣų޳𣿡
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˵ɣҪôԸҽ֣Ѿˣܲܶһӣ㻹мѪԵĻ͸ýս
ַѪԵĺӣҲս
Ϊʲôֻдǰɣ
°ʧִ㣬޷ӽ
ַ˵Ŀ񻰣ǺĶͷи˵Ŀ⣬ַĻУƺֵ˼ǺЦ
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ˣҴ㣬ʦֻ»᲻ġ
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ַȻ֪ǺѶԸûлɱԷİգȴ֪ԼҪ֣ԺԼԵĵˣаӰӳǵǿߣˣ۶пǡ
Լ˵ͽܶʰ˵ĻԼԺϸǿĵô죬ǺΪȷŭ̵ĵġ
ԼҲԽɱǺĻᣬԼʷǰǿΪеıʤġ
ٵ¶˿־ı飬κ˶֪ʦжôǿڣڹ˵֮Ǻʵһȼַôùʦ֣
ǺивɱַݵͷǺɱַ㣬ˣѵ˻Ϊһ˶ͷԼ
ַɱǺһоͲһˡ
ϾǣǺ˵ӣǺƽ޹ʵˣ˻ŹַŹأ
Ҫ˵ǺԶԶַ㣬ַ㣬Ҳ޿ַ֣ƴһƴ
һʼַܲȴǺսٻΪַľǣڣַȴһΪľ
پֵ˵ַ㣬ҪôǴʦֵĶ֣
ַ٣ͰһЦ˵һô֪Ҳһ֣ҾͿŰҲ˵
ǺԴ˵СʦãͬѧҲնɱģͷİɣ
ǺȻ˵ȴûĻ
ƾŮеֱоǺ᲻ֶεɱַ㣬Ǻ˵ɱַʱ֮жǱɱ
ַƹ˵ǺҲüʵģ㲻նɱȴŹ㣬ַԼĵ飬ȻҪҵĵˣˡ
پֲĿ⣬ַعͷο˵ģǲܸǺģĩǿĶַ֣㲻֪˶٣ڣǶˣȴš
ǺҲǸ⣬㲻ҵģʱʱֻʵ췢ˡ
ַ˵⻰ʱĿдģٶоַɢıʤ־ǿ
ɻĿַһۣѵַаɱǺİ
ַԽԽ㣬Ǻȴӿ˺ܲĸо
˵ַǿһأԺɵɱַ㣬ַϴŵǿţȴɻ
ѵַ㰵лʲôƣԷΪʤɣ
ɲǺַ㷴ȵ˵Ǻ㲻һֱ˵ҪɱһγֵĻᣬְɣ


459  ۴
Ǻҡҡͷ˵ַ㣬ȶְɣȶֵĻֻԺҲûжֵĻˣѵ벻¶һ־𣿡
ҲǺǫãǶԼΪԸȻַԵʮ㣬ıַ㻹㡣
ﵽ˶ٶʮ̹Ŵ½֮Ҳеſˣµʱ
ǺǰڽٸϿգԹַĿͷַ֪㼫ǵĻֻһʮַ㶯֣ʧݡ
ȳֵĻ۸֮ˣһΪ̹Ŵ½ҪԪ˸߼Ķ࣬˲Žַȳ֡
ߣپһԿţϲǰһĺӡ
ַûףһȭǺ
ﵽûбѾ󣬼ȻǺûóַҲûȡԼı

ַȭͷ֮Уһ޷ֱܵӺǺٶ̫죬ȭͷĦ˴̶ļ
ǺЦһҲһȭһУַǺͬʱ˳ʮ
ȭͷཻһ̣ӴײһܱߵĿռ䶼һ˲Ť˳ʮַ֮а̾ǺƷôȴʵ˵á
ԼǿսǺȫһȻһȭˣԼҪȡʤֻºܲס
һսҲҪһսԼ˵ĻǺǾŹԼģԼˣûܹħƵˡ
һ٣ַӵ˼ˣԼˣǺħ֮ҹ
ΪԺ󲻳Ϊ˵ҿԿֵĻȥԼҲһҪӮⳡսʤ
ַǺ֮ǿǺеľȴַûй̵֮ǿҲΪԼһȭַ㡣
˰ٷ֮ʮаսַһȭУȫһ֮£Žַ˸ƽ֡
֮ʮ㣬ĿǰǺʵڶǿߣҲаսԷɻС
ȴκβһŽһʮԪǿַ㡣
ղŵһǺȻûռκαˣȴ¶Ц
ַãԵסһȭȴѵסԼĲϽԼɱˡ
һХУǺһȭһȭĴȭͷЯľûַ㣬Χַߡ
ȭ缤ľγһǽַΧУһУǺϸ¶ʤЦݡ
֪ԼϾҪȡյʤˡ
ԾΪǽסɱԷط֮һ
ǿҲҪϵǿ߲ʹǰǺȻѾԾΪǽĹȴʹá
ǽΪֶеַΪڵľǺոͻƶʩչ󷨵ĹֶΣΪ
죬ַش֮¹̣ʹһȼʹĹֶ
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ַһ˼ʮȭȴͽ޹Ǻиʮ㣬ȫְ취ַ㣬ϵĹ֮£ǺȭЯľϵĴǽ֮ϡ
ӴľγɵǽʼϵСַܹĿռҲѹԽԽСһǽСַ廹ҪСʱַǱ˲ɡ
ַ㱻ǽסٲԾסԸС죬֪ǽǺǿ֮һǺȻǱ˱ɱַ֮ģ˴ľǽһʼûдŹַ㣿
ǽѹٶ̫Ļ˿ַֻѾˡ
Ȼ֪ǺŹַ㣬Ȼʦ֣ӦңɱͬѧҪ˵㻰
Ǻֻ¶һ˿ЦûӦٵĻַ̫аˣһʮӵжٶʮǿӲƴ
Լ첻ɱԺַɳԼҲûлɱַˡ
ڸղŶٵĳŵǺֻһЦ̹֮Ŵ½ǿ˳ŵĻȻᾡء
УֻһԪԪ˸ͲˣһȺҰ֪ŲѸղٳŵϡ
ǺϳȭַĻΧԽԽ٣ַǽУ嶼תˡ
ǽСĻַᱻһ⡣

һȭסַǽͼǽ飬ַȳ
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һʹģǺԴ˵СʦãͲҪ׷ˣһԾΪԪ󷨣Ҫ˵ַ㣬ǿ߶޷ƣİɣַˡ
Ǻ֪ǽķ£ַĻȻݺݵ˵ַ㣬ʶʱļһҴʱ䣬ȴҪɱ㣬㻯ΪһѸ֮ʱɲҪĺ
ַȻǺ˵ʲô㿴ǺĿģ֪˵һǺû
ַȻϳԿǺ֮ڵľͻȻΪ⣬Χǽն˹ȥ
һ󾪺УΧסַ㣬ԽԽСǽٵķгնˣַһݣԽ˲ȱȫǽ档
漴ϲ벻ַױ㹥ǵβƵǽ
Ǻ¶˲ŵı
ʦ˵ֻҪǵǽסˣ¶ԷʩչǽҪǿᣬҲͻǵǽ
Ҳ˵ַжٶʮҲͻǺµǽַȴƫƫͻˡ
ַղηУǺ뵽֮Ķǿۣ˵۵ҲεķС
ھΪɱеı죬ԪûУ̹Ŵ½ûУ֮Ҳֻһ˾ͨ˵
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죬ַҲ۵ķУǺһԼŵ롣
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460  񹭽
ģҲ㿴ˣ
ַȻֻ˵һЦ
Цȴһ㽫ǺЩߵȼԪУ۾̫͵ǿͷʹĺݽɫ
۵ĲѪȣԪĶǿҲ޲ɫ
ȣǺһСΪ۴˵ϢȥĻһŹġ
۳ԸĻҲδػס
뵽ǺȻɫ漴뵽ԼѾַַߵĻԺԼ޾鷳¡
ȻԼնɱǺֿһۣȻҲ֪ܣԼҲ
ȻԼϲǸŮˣǸŮ˽Լɱ۵й¶ȥĻԼԺӰӳ޾ı
ǺƽٿܺãΣյʱ򣬶˵ȻǱסԼҪ
ַǺһЦֻԼû뵽ǾЦǺд˶ôǿҵ𺳣
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ļɽһиеƣΪڽٸвɽ˵
벻챻Ǻһ޸˸һͿһ׸ߵļɽܱǺһͷһͷַֻ
һ룬ٵϲһ˿ɫ
ǺóַҲȡԼ룬ڵڶͷʱַеıѾὣס϶ľ޸
ڱ޸һַ̣еıǲһ㱻ɣǲܿƵ˳߰˲֮Զ
ַ㰵в޸ΪӲƴʱռݼƣֱǺҪһء
ղڵľչǺǽڴľʹǺԵеʱһʼʹơ
ǺڲǽʱȻҲ˴ľжٶʮҪַö࣬ھ˵һֵս֮Ǻռݸơ
һͷַ߰˲ԶǺаԻϲԭַӣԼò˼ͷͿԽ޳ܵļһˡ
Ǻ֮£ȷͬԤϵַ㱻Ķᣬ󣬸ǲҽУ׷Ժӡ
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ַ㰵ԷģԼԶԶӲƴĻֻСĸͷˣԼ򲻹ȻҪˡ
ѵԼ֪򲻹ҪһͷԼɣ
ڣַ㱻Ƶǣߵ·ӵĵزǺ¶΢Цһͷҵĳ裬ģԵøɲ
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ٴεַǰǺû˿ԥһͷ£㽫ַһ
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ٵɫüΪ԰ףףһΪ۰Ĵʦ֣Ϊʲô˾飬ԼղŲǱַ㼰ʱһߵĻԼղѾˡ
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ڶһͷַ֮Ѿױ޿ɱܣǸǱƵ˸ǽϣֳ־޸־Ǻ
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ٶǺʧֵģַеʮֵǡ⣬ַֻı飬Ǻӵķŭ
ַͻȻǵĻپģַͶͱ
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ַҡҡͷ˵ǺҶ˵üˣĩ֪жҪɱңЩ˵ҪԶԶǿңˣȴţΪʲôͲȡѵأ
ѵ컹ܻŴӳȥ𣿡
Ҳ㲻ɱңһпɱ㡣
˵Цɣ
ѽѵ㲻ΪԼһЦ𣿡
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Ǻĸͷ߸߾͵ؿַ١
һͷ֮ǿٶʮǿߵȫ˳޸ıԵҵĦһĻ⡣
ɴ˿Ǻһͷȥͷжôҡ
ַв֪ʱһѽľ޹͵˹ҡ
Ȼַ㲢ûڹϴϼַɿ֮Ȼһ֮ƣǺؿڡ
ղǺһͷ٣ַٵ֮ʱͻȻԼָϵĹνָ
ַ㲻ɵðԼ̫ԼȴһֱûãǺ׷ӣͷˡ
ַ֮ǺеһԺĵס壬ǹΪһ⣬ؿѸ
Ǻľ޸µĻȻشַ٣ҲᱻǵⶴʱСҲҪ
ԪΪ˸˳ͷأƬ½ˣַ㻹Ҫ
ǵؿ֮Ǻ͵سؾ޸ǰѾ޸ǰʱǵû˾޸ĸ档
һ̶ײУǺеľ޸Ҳסɳ˼ףصһ˲䣬ʯɵĵҳһԼ׵ӡ
Ǻ˫ϱѪ죬ϸ¶˾ʧı
֮֮һ۹ȻܿλˣȻ񹭴͸
ڻǺľ޸ַ֮ٴңǵ׼ĿɿڴǺԥɿ˹ҡ


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ַ񹭣б㰵вַ˹ңֲĽ֮ʱиǸеһ˿־塣
ַǰ񹭣лɱ
񹭽һеľ޸ѾֿȭҽַĽ⡣
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ַһʱ֮䵹Ҳ׷϶ԷʼǺ
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ַԼԷĻԼԭ˼ǺĶҪըˡ
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һӣ·һֻ֮ͻȻʹһӵ˹ģַ㣬ַе񹭡
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Ϊ˶вļλǵǶˤڵأ۹˻ۣҲմ˻
ϣǱĽ˺˺üӡ
˿ǺģҪǱжǱַһС˵־ģں׷ᡣ
ڣһ׼ȷǺؿڣĺйᴩ˳ȥһƬѪꡣ

Ǻķһ˻ѷεĲҽѪ
಻ӣҵĳѪˮһʹһˤڵصǺԵøǱҲǰ
һᴩǺزЯľ޴ײײ߹ǣشಢû̫ܵ˺ûе
⵱ȻǺѾͻ˶㣬ڵҲüΪǿйأȻûеȴҲ˼صˡ
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ǺѪͻȻǵñȺƨɻ졣
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㲻ңҲŹ㣬˵⻰ΪʹҲһӣҾɱ㡣
ַ㽫ǰѹм׼λö׼ǺԴ񹭣񹭵ʱַϵļԵĳ鶯һ¡
ַղŲϵ񹭣ǺϵҴܣϿռϷ磬Լȴ֪ղ񹭣ڴľ
Ѿ͸ɵƿݵز
ַÿһ񹭣ҪķѴ뾢Ǻһֱûеȥüǿ֧ԼѾ۵ĵزˡ
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Ǻִ˿̵ַѾƣͣҪȻҲˣַ΢΢Ȼ
ֻҪַһ֣ϵļԴ
ǺȻַƵһҲҶа̾ΪʲôԼأֻҪԼټһᣬ˵ַ޷ˡ
Լվûмֵһ̡
ǺͻȻ¶˾֮ɫЩ־
̹Ŵ½Уֻһͨ˼ҵĺӣǸ½ҹǳ֮ΪڼѧԺеʸûС
иǺĽЩߣĽЩŴĸӵܣһͿԽѧԺУڳ֮󣬳Ϊ̹Ŵ½еһԱͳЩ
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Ǹ˼ʲΪӣߡ
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ǺҪҪ뿪ĸĸֵܣԺԶҲĸĸֵĽЩӵӵеһУ˶Ը
ǺҲԼƶļңԼһƲĸĸֵܽãĸĸֵܽУһ쿪ķӡ
̹Ŵ½ϣֻЩĴӵܲſУˣ̹Ŵ½ײˣǼ񣬼͸ñͳΣؼĴƬ½ϡ
ΪһЩӵһȥѧԺһǺСϣһ죬ƾԼеӵܶڽ¡
ҪЩӵһǧĽĿУģһ˫СϸƯŮҡУ˵ӡ
ǺĸĸֵܽһֱΪǺǸ쿪ķӣƽûٶ䳰ȷĸĸǾ˿ʳüʹֲʵʵ뷨
ѧԺУҪ޶ĲƸġ
ĸĸȴòǮȻģֵܽһȥũڼУеΣĸڷŭ֮£ΰϳš
һδʧ֮ԼЩΪԼһԵһһһˣȴʱ常һָԸı˵Ǹǿߡ
Ǻߣ͸һлʱֻаǺûκεԥһˡ
ĸĸǣһİߣ˵ỳɶԷҡײƭǺȴûɣǰλɷˣѾ̤֮ŵϣڡ
ûƭ뵽ԼһһеСӣԷƭԼԼҲûʲôֵöԷƭġ
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ûκεԥȥһصɽУĸĸûлȥһۣ֪ͨһԼҪȥ;ĸһˡ
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ǺҲûʧڽʮʱǺսԶ˵ӡ
ڶʮʱ򣬱ͻ˶Ϊ̹Ŵ½һеſ
˵󣬺ܶŴ嶼Ǻ֦ǼƯϻ۵ŮƵǺǰϣ
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Ϊ̹Ŵ½ӢŵǺޱľܾһһŮʾ
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ڳԺ˲ûмƹȥԼˣȻûȥĸĸֵܡ
ĸֵܣ뵽ԼĹȥԼԼ΢ݡ
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ѧԺԺ̹Ŵ½һҲͬԺҪԶһҸӸ߹Ǻֲ˵ͽܣԺȻֱӵľܾǺŮ顣
һ̣ǺоԼֱ˰֮ʱƶ룬ȴһеļҲһ̣зģⱲԼһҪͷء
ٺȥԪʦʦǷ׷Ըֽ뿪ˣУԪһĵط
̹Ŵ½֮УӵӦоеķḻԴȻԸȥԪðա
Ǻ֪Ǹػ־ˣԼȥԪ˵Դһݻҵ
ԼˣͿԻЦԺˣ޷˵Ԫ
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ȴǸ⣬Ԫһ̹Ŵ½УϲԺŮһģһ
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ǺһĿַ˵ַ֣㡭Ҫɱң
ַ˵ŰԼһǡ飬ŰֺΪǵС
ַĿ˵ʲô˵ʲô塭˵һ飿


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һԵͻȻǺУǺԸһˣԸһˣȴַģ·𿴵˼鷢ǰ
Ǻһ̧ͷַԵ¶ģĲɵ͵һ·ǰŮ̹Ŵ½ϣһֱ˼ŮַĿĸԺ
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Ǻ͵һԼڻһ޳ɣԼԪԺ̹Ŵ½֮У˭ǵԼڹ
ԪǶ֪Ҫɴ£ͱ踺أһȺЩѵԼ벻
ԼַаĻ˵һ䱬ԼԴʱԼԶҲز̹Ŵ½ˣ̹Ŵ½ĸԺԤҲˡ
Լˣ̹Ŵ½Ҳֻһѣûж˻ǵԼû˻ΪԼġ
ѾģˣԼֻжַܱסԼڽ̹Ŵ½ԺŮ
Ǻһ˵ַ֣С֪ܲߵغ񣬽ð㣬̧֣ŹСܣ
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ַԼǺȻŭȴûмײַ㣬ַһŭ֮Ѿ⣬ַԼԼҪ͡
ֻлţŻһУԪǰһкŵˣ˵Ŀ֮趼ܵˣճɴַԼԼҲҪסô˵ԼҲҪкŵˣܵҪˡ
Լ̹Ŵ½𣬰ԼϲŮߣ̹Ŵ½еҹ塣
ԼҪڽ̹Ŵ½¹ʱԪ̹Ŵ½˭СԼ
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һŵˣԼŹҪ˵һõСˡ
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лֵַĲɱ֮ԺСԶֵַĴ¡
ҲлңҵĻû˵أҸղ˵ǣŹǲܵġ
Ǻĺٺãַ裬Ҳʱðɡ
һĸղŵһ󣬲¶һ׹˵ַ㣬쵰ѾϴˣȻҲģ֣صľ㣬ɱңѣûһ˿Ի뿪ǣҵ常ǲŹġ
벻Ŀǣҵˣһ޹أɣ
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Ǻܻģַɫƽ˵Ҵű˶ҷκԣڱ˶ҵ䣬Ҿ͸ˣԺôҲ֪֪ĺѿ
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464  治
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һƣӰӳǿȣ̹Ŵ½ǿһƴģǺһȳ˹ȥ
ڶ̶֮ڣͻƣʹһУᴦһ޵е״̬
ӰӳǵǿߣȻûһˣԵֵסһаʽ
ϲռƵ̹Ŵ½ǿߣӰӳǿ߾Ȼɱ˸൱
УǺ˺ҪãкܶӰӳǿߣľ޸һ֮䵱
˫ƴɱ϶ȾѪ˸ǵڵϣǰİ˫ɱ֮ң¼ʬɽ⺣ַϣΪ֮ݡ
Щһ򵽶֮ǿߣԶͨȵġ
е˱֪֫˶ٽ඼˵ϣȻܲˣܱߵɱ
еԴ֮󣬻ûȥʶĻӶеıһҿ
ĵˣѣûͷ­ǿ߿ѪģͷǿߣҲܱ߷ŭȺ֫
ͷʿʵʵ˵ϣʹȥ
ϵ˵㿴Ǻֱǰǿ࣬ܶӰӳǵǿߣһ֮Улмڶǿߣ񹭵Ļ˼ҲδĶ֣
һɫַ㵹ǲΪ⡣
Լ񹭾񹭣Ųѳϵļϡ
ȻǺαԼֻҪڣͲǺ´ν֣Լֱ䱬ԴҲĻҲˡ
Ǻ˵Ǳģ˲պȻΪǵľС
ĶȤ˵ҼСô𣬱ҿɲԶˡ
ַͷЦе˵ţĶȻǿȥɱǳһֶܸм㡭
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һð죬ҾˣҪסȥˣֳһƬңɱºҲƵӰӳǵϡ
ϴѽ㲻ҵڳǲвڣðɡҳԼǸСһ㣬ֻϴס
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ЩУַĵˡ
һᣬǣҲǾԼͬģǳ⣬ԼֻǰʬȥĻôȥأ
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ٵȻн㣬ҪǿһЩȴûϹս˵սԶԶ
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ٿ˵ַڶޢ껪ļ䣬˵ĻеԼеһ뿪Լһ㡣
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ĶҲûжʼɳϣ֪ϵһصӣԼδܹ⸱ص
Լ⸱صЩϼ˵Ļַ֮󲻳ԼŹأ
ȻԸⵣ⸱صҲˡ
˵ԼˣַйƵ˵ô࣬ȻҪȥԼôַܽһȥðأ
ϴȥ͵䷽𣿡
Ҹ˵˶ٱˣȥ裬ȥȥ͵Ҫû䷽ĻҴ˸һ䷽ϣٰԭҲˣŲĶ
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Ķǵ˵˵ˣϴһȥͷӽһðɣ
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˵ٶһ򵽶ӰӳǿߣֻҪһ֣ǼӰӳǿ߽һ⡣
ĵĻۡ
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ڿڣַСš
ѾɱѪɺӣԼȴǱڲԼٵĻԼɣҲ޷顣
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˺һᣬԺڸû˳֣ȴѸղŵĻظһ顣
ַپ׺䶥һԼٵֶʮԸȴû뵽㱻˲ˡ
ץסԼ֪һʲô³һַ̣Ѿ˲ȫˣǱסԼСҪ
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ǹӴɱȣַ͸оֱͬɽеһųһСǹɱ·ʵʣθס
ַиһֱֻҪԼߣǹɱͻԼ塣
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ֻҪ½еıɾĩҲͽˡ
ɽ죬Լһͱ˷ˣ˵ǿ󣬻ԶԶԼѵѾ
˸Ǵ裬𲽿ȫģҩҪư粢¡
˿˰磬ʱĩ׽ˡ
ַɫЩ԰ףȻԺŽ˵Ļ
˾վڻУһ£ɢļµĺ⡣
ַҲЯ߿Խ˸оı䣬һȣȻһַ̫ĸо
кһ˵ַ㣬Ȼ㣿
ַεĵͷ˵ȷҡ


467 
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սս־񷣬սۣȻЩֵ඼ǿ󣬿ַ֮Ĳȴ
߳սַȻԴܲɱǣǿһصǺʱȻ޾ɫ
Լе񹭣ԼӮ˶Է
ǺһսУǳĲֻǺһˣǺĵƶֿ裬ǿ
ַҲһս֮һأǴﵽһٰʮ
ȻǺȣַȻһأ񹭣ȻаŰɱԷ
죬ǺڿַʱƽĿл¶һ˿мı飬ƺΪһ֮󣬱㲻ԼԼеˡ
ַ㵱ȻǺģȴ롣
ԼҲ˼ͦߣǺԼǰԼԼȻһĲʹѵ
ˣַȴ޷κ֮ġ
Ǹüǿߣַȣͬһδһٶ֮Ĳࡣ
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ַ˰죬Ȼ벻İ취ô˵Ҳ޷ԲԼΪʲô⡣
Ȼ޷ַͣ˸һԲ
ѾģԼʲôҲ˵϶ôӦԣɱԼĻԼ򲻹ҲҪƴˡ
ַ㲻˵ȴЦǺǰ˵һλΪﵽĿĶֶεˣڲ֪㣿
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һ㣬ַ㵹ϣԼǺʶ˲ż죬Լ˽͸ַӿ֪ĸп
Ǻ˵ȴϣ벻Լߵˣûһ˽ԼǺˣΪԼĵˣκ˶Ҫ˽Լ
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Ǻټַ֮󣬲ֱɱ뽣ٸֱӵİ취ɱַ㡣
ȴûϵַл񹭣񹭣Щ֯Ĺ⻷벻󳹵׻顣
Ǻհַܸ㣬˵ԷʵãҪȻ䳾ıַ㣬Ǻˡ
˵Īһ仰ַжʱԣʵγԣ
һͰĿ˵˵ҵֻ԰ɥʬãǵϣ֮ûκιϵȴȻһǣȻǵõӰӳҪǴƻϢΪ˻ĵδ޳ǰͷӡ
ǺӰӳǵǿ߲棬ڵķ˺ܶ࣬ʱױ˳룬ȻǲµӰӳǻǿߣ𣬲ŸϹæ
ַʱӯ
ĩû˼
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Ϊ˺ܺѽͬѧȻ֪ôһˡ
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ַ˵⣬ԭҪԼıӣַȻϵлȴûкƤΪ常
ҲַԸйأȻ޳ܣһֻռ˱ˣôᱻռ˱أ
ҲóԼеķԶԶǺᲢۡ
˵Ȼ֪Ǻϲ٣ҪȻҲ֮ڣٵֶûһˣ̫٣вŲҶ֮ġ
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ҪԼͨԼӿƻĵĸϣ֮ǣֻаԼ
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ַ΢΢һü˸ղ˵ҪԼıӣҪѹԼϵıȻôߵġ
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ַ֪˻˵вɵðЦѣĽȥ񹭵Ļͻ˻һ֮Ҳˡ
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468  ɱ٪
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һ֣ɫˣѽͬѼһ㣬¾Ӳ
֮ȻƬ½ˣѾΪ̹Ŵ½һǿߣ̹Ŵ½ǵһ̫͵֮԰ûκ˸۵Ĵڡ
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ЩߵԪռڣҲֻ֮ѡ˲ŵʱֻںһ˵Ǳںһ˵Ʒ¡
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۱Ĺϵ䵭ΪʹԼܹǣң뽫ĸֵڵɱɸɾ۵ġ
Ҷ۰ٰ㰧ŷŹԼĸĸֵܣȻκ˷ϣȴǸ⡣
ںСʱԶҲ壬ֵܽƲĸĸ
ֻҶƯСãȻ۰һ𳤴
۳֮δ̳֮ҶңҶҲΨһһּͬۻ۵Ψһ
ĸĸҲȥۣͨҶתۡ
֮ӰԽԽҶҲ֮ӰˮǴߣҶҵ飬ͨҶһάϵġ
ҶƯˣ֮ȻĵһŮ׷ſ
һ֮شӰĴӣڼҶ֮ԼĸĸҶ顣
Ǹ֮Ӱʵ̫˵֮Ǹ߸ϵĵĻǸͬȨĹ֮ة֮࣬µһˡ
ҶĸĸȻϲ⣬֮ļǽǵеҵһ¡
Ϣ֮ȴŭˡ
·𿴵Լ䱦Ķˣһҹڷߵҹ۴ǸУǸ߰ȫնɱ
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Ҷ˵λ֮ĶҲûʲôøУȻҲϡ
Լ׸磬һҹ֮䣬Ϊ֮еǧҳ׻𣬲ɱ߰ˣбЩ
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С˵ϣǿӿݣԶԶȥͬ˵Ƥһѿ
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˵Ļû˵꣬бͻȻһѪɫҲüΪҰѿ
۵ͷ˵϶ȻܵһУ
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ղŲûпγУֻϷһ⣬ǵ⼫Ҳǰһϸ΢Ĳ
Ϸͬʱ˾͵Уڼ伸ûһʱ䣬֮ǿһ㷴Ӧʱ䶼ûУ㱻ǵС
ַ˵ԼǺվ۵ĶĻղһ⣬ȫ׵䱬ǵ壬ּǿߣĿǰַܹᲢ۵ġ
һڵַ㣬ҲԶԶۣᲢۡ
ַѾ۸ղش˵ֶΣԼھɷ˵һģһ˷еδȴ֮
۵ķУֻҪԼǿʮֲǺһԼʹУԼ۵Ĵ룬ŵɫ
ǺĿ־еģǵķУһشˣɼ˵ежôĿ£
һƣĸߴĺѾɻ״Χԣˣн׵ߡ
ȣȴֻһ׵ߣӰ󺺸Ժű¶һٴеģͬһȺèΧһֻ
ַʲôʱֵģԼȻûзʲôʱֵġ
ַӵٶȣ⵼۾˱죬ԶԶͨˣȻûпЩôġ
·Щ˺վԺһ㣬ַ֪۾һֱŵĶԺӣ·ǰȻһΧ۵ܱߡ
ַиеֲǣˣнһˣɵɱǺ
ַʱ亹ֱԭǵǿԶԶԼ󣬱ǰˣκһˣлɱԼ
ԼǶԵжǰװԼ֮Ĳ̫ˡ
ǰַΪڳˣıǺˣЩˣ֪˵ʲô
˵˸ĻƬ֮䣬ԽӰӳǿȫﾡȴûǳ֣Ȼǲǰ¶Լʵ
Ƥһĳ¶ѿЦݣЦ벻Ȼ̹ɷ϶ģ̹ɷ̹Ŵ½һĿˣֵܡǸ쵰벻ǾȻȫ㣿
˲ûлش۵ʵǶ̹ɷһ˵λֵܣһϣɱ٪壿


469  һɱ
ַ֪ܿ˼ǿȫɱԼĸԼǿԴǵɱУ򵽺ܶõĶ
ͨǵɱԼҲܶණҲԺԼĳɳΪ
ںܳһʱ䣬ǿսˣԼĻüΪϧ
֪ԼĿʲô̹ɷƺܴܲùۻ˵
٣ַ㲻ϣǰ̫ܵ죬ҪȻԼûҵ䷽ҪԿµˡ
ֱַӽ˵ңĴҷ˵ĶɵԸһ䷽ԼϤĵط
˵ǿԼϸ֮£ûܹ˵͵˲Ųлᶪ
죬Ӱӳǿ߸ǣסˣ̹ɷⱻǣԺ
ĻǰУԺҲС
Լ첻ܴ˵е䷽ĻԼԺԶûĻˡ
ַ㷭˺һᣬ˰죬˴ͷ񶼿ˣȴȻҲ䷽ټ
ַа϶䷽ŵˣⲻǱĿԼĴ
洫һĲҽУַĿ˳Ŵ˳ȥߴϲ֪˶ٵУǻѪС
嵹صһ˲˵廯Ϊһص⣬һء
Ȼûеǵȴڣвٵط¶˰ɭɭĶϹǡ
˵ϲѪˮǵϵȻҲ˼صˡ
ַаԾȣȻ֪ۺǿȴȻ벻һ֮£ĸǿߣնһѪģ⣬Ҳش
ַ㲻̹ɷ̫ãٶȣò˶ã̹ɷһܱܲס˵
̹ɷˣҲˣ˵ۻ˵תתԼֻ»һưԼ
ԼǰٳֹӣȻҶ绯Ϊѣ˵ȻԼƫƫҶֲҪɱԼĻԼ˶Ҳ
˵ӰӳǵĹϪҲΪԼϪֱϵ˷Լô᲻±أ
ǿı̬ǿȣԼֵضûС
֮ǿ֮ڵκη紵ݶԼκùҲԸоԼڱ
ɱ̹ɷ֮ȻҪ˱жŵľʲôˣʱԼõ䷽Ҳһ
ַڳüչЦһٴη⡣
ʣµͻȻ͸ǵֱӷ绯˿УɱѪ꣬Ժ̵صʯȾѪɫ
ַ﷭ң۵ĹЦ̲סͷһۡ
һۣһֹͣǿߣص֮£ȻѪꡣ
ղҲ˵̹ɷ̹Ŵ½УҲһǿߣλǿߣȴƬ֮ȫ䣬Ҳǿ̫˰ɣ
ղַл룬ҶƯŮΪʲôһ˳ªĸ硣
ڣȴ룬Ҷôһλĸ磬ԼǰԼڽһ죬ɱ֮ۡ
ڼ۵ַ֪жôǿֻٵʮ꣬ԼҲ۵Ķ֡
ʮ֮ԼԴﵽ
۵ҲʮԼﵽĸ߶ȣʱָۣôﵽʲôĸ߶أ
ţ۰ıӣԼӣı˴˸Ļ˵ȰǸԼҲ԰޾ɱˡ
ԼӣֱѪеİ취ĩĻԼɫҲǲԡ
ַǰҶ׵ͦȣ¶΢Ц֮ʱսѾ˱仯
ǰ̤һȻּΪɭ˵һˣ
˻û˵ַȴΪϣǧҪˣҪȻԼͻһɱĿꡣ
ַҲо˻ʤϣǺܴһͱش̹ɷҲƬ֮䣬ΪѪꡣ
Ѿʧȥаֵģˣô۵Ķأ
ϵٴ֮ʱϿĺۣͬԱ˷Ĵһ㣬߸ߵĹ
ԶԶȥ˵屶·һ͵
նĺϣЩȴûնȥͬնͭǽһ㣬ڷһֱ֮ʧˡ
۸ȤЦһ˵˵ҲΪ˴ﵽĿģǲµһ㣬Һϲ
ۣķȻȴΪľʹáһҲŻװش̹ɷķѾղһҲҹвˡ
ڵַôһ£ԭûԼôݰװݰ
ۣҲǹʾ۵ķй֮£ּװʤˣ˲һģ
̹ɷ۱Ϊĵˡ
÷ķУ̹ɷгһ⣬Ҫɱ֮ʱ˲¶Ŀ
˿̵ݹһ˵ģ
ַ̾ϢѣܴﵽΪսѾ˵Ƿ켫ﵽһ޷󼰵ĵزıҲһᲢ۵ġ
ڸ̫һĴڣûһǼ򵥵ǲǿ󣬸һײΪֶ֪Ρ
ֻϧ̹ɷ̹Ŵ½Ҳһǧ˾Ĵڣ죬ȴˣھĹߡ
̹ɷܹ˶ǵĮĵģһҲᱻ
ˣ۵ûбֳ̫ķС
һˣУĸĸֵܽöǲѣֻҪԸ⣬ͽȫˡ
һ򷴸ţ۵Ȼһ㣬֮Ҳ̫飬̹Ŵ½һˡ
̹Ŵ½һ򽲾మ
̹Ŵ½ǳĵˣȴ벻ĸ磬һѪһˣУ˶ǲѣʵĿĵʯ
ֻŮҲʵĿһ߶ѣ˱ɣȴ֪֮С
ַ㶼ûп۶۱Ѿǰֱһȭ
Ҳ÷УɱҲ練ơ
԰ɣ
Ҳһȭӭ۵ȭͷ˹ȥ
˵ȭͷҵһֻȭͷһ̣ʱ·סˣ˵һҲ˵ϡ
˵ȭͷܱߵĿռ俪ʼŤŤĿռԽԽΧ֮ڵļ羰ŤĿռֱѹ˷̳
ַаԺСҲǱľһǿȫһҲδЩС
ȭ֮£ŤĿռȻֱӽЩСȫ
ԼվԵĻ֪᲻ᱻŤֱӼѹƬأ
˵ͣ˺һᣬȻǳʱǸı飬ȴѾǺ䤱ϵĺ۶ˮʪϣһǱģ
̹ɷղѾڵľ۳ֵҲȸղ˺ܶ࣬˵ģȻǴ·磬ַ㰵Ǹпõļһ
˵Ҳ̹Ŵ½ʢǿߣȴֻӣ̫ʧˣȻֻɱˣ
ۻûļһŤͻȻ۵ĺϣ۵˳ȥ۸ղվŵĵطһѾȻ
ڵַһʧеơ
ȥַ۵ͷ˳ַҲǷһ飬ַҲ֪һ֮ߣڸ½֮ˣȴ¡
ȴôһ£Ȼ
ƾ·ǣڼ۴ս֮ʱŸϹæġ
ȻһֱӰڰУֱӲƴ˫ȭһ޷ʱͻȻ۵֣شۡ
۵ʮףһѪģ֪۸ղ˵Ĳᡣ
ΪʲôǣַоЩĪƲİ֣
̹Ŵ½֮ڸ̫У̹Ŵ½֮Ĺϵ˵
Ļߵһ𣬾ԵЩ˼ˡ
ǵѪĿ˵ƣһΪ֮ˣȴû뵽Ȼ̹Ŵ½֣ѵͲ𣿡
˭ֲҪҲҪҪɱ㣿
ΪʲôҪ
˲̺ɱδ֮Ļ֮ʮ˶Ϊū½иǲ֪жС
ַ㵹ƵĻ
ȻûȴԸоƲһˣͬһϹӣҲܸоǸаħ
ԹĿƣͿ㲻˳ˣֻЩ겻֮ҲҲԸ㣬Ҿͽϼһһɱ


470  ǿ߷׷
ƣ棬ƵؿϺݺݴһȭ
ʯƾһȭӲǽؿڵ߹ǴϺü
˼״ۡ
֪Ʊۻˣƾһ˵۵Ķ֣һƳ˿ȥ
ˣǸߵԪռĶǿߣһ˽֣ǶݣҪ˵ֶԵˡ
̫ǿˣǧѰľţǲŲò֡
һʼ̹ɷڵľ
۵ĺֱƺݺݴһȭ£֣ҪɵۣҲһ׵顣
ǿɱһⱾһѵõѧϰᣬַ濴ϷץѰ䷽
˵ַ˶飬䷽ëûҵһ
ַֻص˱ĻӼ˼ܣȻûҵκ˿
˵ĴͷϣиǴ
̫ƻˣԼôãȻûеõ䷽κѵǸ϶ʱЯ
Ľ䷽ЯĻھս֮УСı۵İĵƻ϶
ַȭͷصĴ˴ϣԷйеĲ
˴˷ϵĻһƱػǣʱеҲһط
ۣһرз죬ôһ£ʱȻûԼĻ·
ַͻȻһּΪֵĸо
ӲĴ֮ʱоֵĵطЩ͹˴ϽϣȻһС͹
Ǹ͹ģ·ǿĳλõĿһ㡣
ַСĶǸ͹ȥͷһǽȻһС͵¹ǳַǰ
ַһ۾Ϳ˾һۣʵʵĹ¹棬ַۣһμ˵ʱ򣬾Ϳ
ӰӳǿΧʱ˲Żһۣ۷ص¹С
ַͻȻһϣ
˵䷽صĶ˾Яһͨ·ƺ֣µķصĹ
ַóǼ֮󣬾Ȼڳзһֽ
һУַȥ̹Ŵ½ʶ̹Ŵ½ϵ֣һᣬһֽз䷽
ַϲ˵ıУ͸˵ĴԱԼĵϲˡ
ڣԼҪ飬ƽ뿪ۻڵ裬Լûһϵ
Լص˷˳ǣȫ԰䷽̣ȫоˣеɥʬҲоˣԼҲԷˡ
һʮݺңȫĽһɥʬԼҲ׬ˣǸȶԼǰֻ
սӼңȻ˲ᣬȻɱĽڽڰˣҲǿߣһʱ֮䣬Ҳڱһȭ
ͻȻдһϤǸУ¹ʱеĳĦ
˵ɫͻȻһ䣬˱зʲô¡
һַԼ¹Լ䷽¹İУԭַ͵䷽
ֻҪַȡ䷽ԼһŬͱǸɶСռȥˡ
ַ䷽ʬֲ綾裬ԼԺưļƻҲʧˡ
˵Ƕ񶾵ı飬Ȼķһ򽲾飬˿̣ȴҲ޷ƽĸǲһ㳹ױ
һ£ַȷǴɱģҲΪ䷽ġ
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ͬзӰӳǿǣƣ̹ɷֱ۸סַ˵ҵǧѷĺûᡣ
һʱ䣬ļιѾ۴У޴ĳ˲ͷǡ
һǱʱһҧһţ۵¡
۵߹һӶ˺üǿҧأһ˵ϥϡ
һƲ˵ϥǹǣǿľڣ°ȫʧȥ֪
һͨǱˤ˵ϣ°Ѿȫ̱ڵľǴݻ°ȫʹ˰ˡ
˾ͨҽ˭ף۵ľĿ£նԼ֫ҩµ֫壬ֻԺҲˡ
ļι飬ȫ£Ψһܶĵطֻʣһֱۣ⸱ģȻ޷ˡ
ʰƣһʰһԼ˵Ŀ¶˲֮ɫ
Ȼۣȴҡ
ֻǱַͻȻе¹ʹңű۷һ첲°
˵Ŀݺݶűĳڣƺַһڰַ̻ˡ
ַĿ˳ŴȥҧгݣͷģֱַԹ񣬶ǰĿơ
ַӵĿ⣬˵ĵڱ
УַһСϣղڴУֻҪԸĻʱͬһֻһַ㡣
˿̣ȴƲСϸˣַղǰϷģиŭգпһѪһͷ˵ϡ
ƵսҲĹͷۻ˵һ˲䣬һȭ۵ؿڣս۵Ҳ½
Ƹղһȭֱӹ۵ؿڣۼһ
ƵȭͷؿڵʱһƻƵĸ첲ϣƵĸ첲ۣͷƤڴ˳ֱӱ¶⣬ԵüΪֲ
Ƶͬʱˤ˵ϡ
һ̣ǿļǿȫƣĵ˵ϣַаϲ벻컹ᷢϷԵһĻ
ַղűڱУΨһĳֱۣ˼˸סˣַõ䷽ȴڣ׳ȥ
һȥۻˣŹеϲǣˣۣǿȫƣĵ˵ϡ
ǰԼʱǵ΢ָһ㣬Լ߾ˡ
ַû˿ԥƿű˳Ƶж¶˾ɲıǴ˿ѾƣֻҪӰӳǵǿ߸ϹҲˡ
ͬǵʱ߽Ҳˡ
ȻۣˣƶǸ̫۷ǿߣѾƣԪͨǿߵ
ַ߳㣬Ƶһȥַ㣬ȻַڿʱҲַ㣬ȴ¶ɭĿ
۲ַ㣬ȻѾ˵ϣֻҪúһַܴ㡣
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Ȼַ㣬ȴΪһַԼѾľ
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۱ַ㣬һ棬ΪҶѣһ棬Ϊ̫Ư۲ϲҶ̫Ưѡ
֮˧ҶѵĻɱ˶Էˣַ㣬Ҳǲɱһֱûҵᡣ
죬ַȻʶȤ˵ӵķϲΪѣ۶ַĶн͵Ĳ١
ʵַкγ뽫һأ
ȴ֪ԼĿǰ۵УͿۻĵûȫʹ
Լ۲̫ԶǲҪüȥʯͷˣ
ַҪߣŭȵСҵĶߣ
¶ߣС˵ˣ㲻Ƕ˵ԪΪ˽ĩƳ裬ǷϣұԼ裬ҲԸټˡ
ַ˱˻ԣ˷䣬˱ŭԪʲô£Ϊ˿ƻĴ½ôԪ
϶¶Ŀˡ
˵ֶԶַһץһǿ˺ˡ
ַ㰵вԼץס䷽С
ַһΣһѽλεľ޹Ѿϣ漴˹ңһΨһܻֱۡ
΢΢һղڵϢַȫɨûз񹭵ټȴû뵽񹭣ַϣ֪ղŽ񹭲
ڳʱַѾսǱ֮ȡ񹭣֮ǵǿеĸԼΪѡ
Լַ˹ңͬһԽַһȥ
ַȻ˵Ĳ༫󣬵Ѿʤˣַֽ񹭣ԼĹ
ֺ޷ǵС
ꡯ
˵ֱֱۣӱĽˡ


471  
񹭣
񹭳۵͵ԪӰӳǣ˹ϪϣַһóͿ˳
ʱ۵йϪ񹭣ַϣɥʬ࣬޵ƽ⡣
û뵽ǣϪˣַ֮֡
ϪۿԲϡ
ȴϵش󣬾ַ֣֮˵ˣַ㻹Ҳӵ
ۻվУǿҲָҲ죬Ʊһ첲ܴҲǼأָٶԶԶۡ
ˣ°Ѿʧȥ֪һ߼ιǱ飬һߵֱҲ񹭴ۣȫһˡ
̾Ϣһ֪Լʧȥɱ۵ĻᣬǧѷĺûһˣԶҲˡ
ţӣľͻַָ࣬ղųֵĻ񹭣Ҳܰվѵ۴򵹡
ַȴ̰ηǰڽ۵ٴλָѵһΪδ
ûκ˱Ƹ֪۵ײˡ
ڽִ֮Ļ֮ɱǰˣ̫ҲѪɺӡ
˲вмĲм磬ϣһһж
һҲΪСڱ˵ĳг󣬲Ŷߵ˶˳ްɣһȨĻֻ»ڸ̫У޷ȷѪꡣ
Լ׼ôãðű֮ΪͽΣգı֣Ա벻Լջʧˡ
ۻ˵񹭣߰ɣҲɱ㣬ҲΪղŵĻģԺҼΪеĻһߵˣķ˳ǣһ⡭
۵Ļ٩٩̸ȷǹģ˵⻰ۣһӸ̫͵ǿߣ˵⻰ƺֽ˾Ȼ
ַдŭ۾ȻԼ񹭡
˶ԼգԼԼû񹭸Է벻ҲԼҪ񹭣˵Ŀ·ǶԼһ㡣
ַԸԼĺöԼģ˵ĺöҲҪԼģֻҪǵеĺö˭Ҳȥ
οͨ񹭣ԼһأɵɱԼǿĶǿߡ
ĺöôܸˣ۵Ҫ̫쿪ˣԼղһʱ򣬵һԸӦǶԸŶԡ
ڣԼȴʧ
ַ㿴˲ԶͷɥƣֿһһһۣһϵĶ˵񹭱ģԭҲ֮УԽ񹭽ȴ񹭣һ
ϻָ»ص۵ɫַĻЩõ˵ַ㣬̸𣿡
ַĬ˸ĬϣԼ˼һô
ַһٶʮԸ񹭽ȥҲ֪ۻָʮ֮һҲԼܹԸ˵ġ
ȻҪȡȥԼ;סˣԼһܣǿ߽֣Ҳûʲô
Ȼ󣬵Լȴ
ַʹ㽫͸ۣȴһǾǴƣȥƾһַһ
ðżŭ۵ķգҲƣˣôԸԼùܵ飬Լȴߡ
ۿЩ˵㻹֪ҵĸĸֵڣûһ˸ҽȻ˲֪ȤҲ°ɣ
һڣַ͸ܵϵɱȻѾɱԼ֮ġ
˿̸ĿڣҲδػŹԼ˵ˣƶԼĶ飬Լôܶܲأ
ۻûжַ֣ͻȻһݣͬʱ񹭣ھ޴ѹ֮£ַڵٴη˱仯Ǵﵽ˶㡣
֮ڣǺΣһǱԼĵĶҡ֪ܶȡ˲Сͻơ
ڶǱԼݺ裬ڿ֮ٴαǡ
һַǺֵʱ򣬷˼ʮιңڵҲһء
ľǰַие˾޴ѹҲֻΪ˻ȥǱܱڵٴαǣͻ˶㡣
սǴﵽ߼ɽӱļ
߼ɽӱսټе񹭣ʹַ˿ڸղŵ̹ɷ
۵ȻҲָһֻ֣ǰ߷֮һټ۵ȷЩͱˣַžƴһ
һսԼֻҪܻĻȻǳԺԼͽֻǺ޿֮£ַڳˡ
һʼ۲ûַ㵱£ֱַһŲƽʱҪǵ¡
һ֣ɢǵ⡣
ȴˣ˲յ߷֮һַȴһأҪǣַл񹭡

һ֣ǵ⣬֮۵ٴμأиһѪ
ַǿһ첲ʱ߸Ȼڵ˾
۹ֽһٴγ֣ɻַ㣬۵ɻǰʹַ޷۵ľλãȻ޷ڶ
۵ٶʵ̫죬ַ۵Ӱ
˹ֻԼһַ˫ͬǿһ㣬˳ǧףŰ۵һѡ
Ƶ¶˾ı飬ղַʹղ۵ĽֵʱʹùģƵȻۣȴҪǿһЩ
ַսȻ˺ܴͻƣղֿԼ۽֣ʹԼõĶ֮ȻַٶȻԼ֮һô̵ʱѧΩΩФѾ˲ˡ
аͷַϸԼѧϰĻȫѧԼĶ빥֮
ַĶֱϾۣҶ۵ĵһѣȴδܹùԺĹϾ֮Ĳ̫ˣַֻԺûиԼѧϰĻˣ
۵¶һ˿ŭɫ
ַ䲻һϲٵľղֶһצ۸е޹⡣
Щַ֮λûһܹצַ㲻һոչСϣȴһι۸еԼʧ档
ŭ
δ䣬Ըٶȣٴַ㡣
ַ㰵вңȴûۣһץס˾ԷһѾ
еȻҲ֮֡
۽һ׵ߣȴѽһװ˵ַ߸߾ԶԶȥģΪ
ַ㱻һݺˤ˵ϣûü۵ȭͷѾ˹ַ㰵в룬һȭʵ˵ĻԼԴǱ˲ɣ
ַ㼱ǣеۣ㲻ɱң
۵ǿַ̫࣬ڵľҲڿٻַָʱ䣬ȵȫ˵ʱ򣬾ַ˳ȫᵽǰҲɵȫɱ⡣
Ϊʲôɱ㣿
ӵѣɱңӻһӵġ
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ƤȻ˼˵
۳Ĭһ˵˵ģ
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Ϊ˻ȥַĻѣ˵ԣ޳Ҳһԡ
ȻҶĹϵֻŮϵ
ɲŮòˣ˵ĻᷢչˣڣǵĹϵȴûߵһ
Ϊ˻ȥַѡ
ɲոյõ䷽㱻ɱڣʦδ³
Լ۵÷˵ۼԼ÷򳤵Ưһ˱ŹԼˡ
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ͷʱ֮򣬾Ϊһ飬ųǸ塣
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ҵֵĶ巢ģĲˡ
ţĻҾ͸ܷŹˡ
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۵ȭͷҪ֮ʱԶͻȻһ
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۵ȭͷַͷƤһĵطͻȻͣסȭЯľַͷǸַۣƣѾз˵ˣ
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ԼػĽСãΪһԪȻԼɱԷ
ȻҶӡС䲻㣬һֻĴ࣬ھɱĻ쵰

Ҷžǿģͦصַǰ˫߸⸱ǿģԼˡ
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ӳˣģҲˡ
磬Զ㰮㣬Զ۰ҵĴ磬ҲԶӡ
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Ϊ˻ǵĸ׸ɱԼ谮С檣ǰҶ飬۲ŷŹ˹ͬĸס
ҲСΪɣ۶ҶһֳѰԶԶһ˵֮顣
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۲ûзɱַ㲻ɵļƻҶַ㳬˵ά۶ɱġ
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ҶʵزԼţַͻȻоԼؿں
оȻЩǷǣԼСѾͷѹһΣգԼٰѹһҲˣҲ


474  Ԫ
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ĩĩе飬ʮֵĲޣһлΪϹ˵ķ߷߲ƽĻ
ϹĬһᣬŵ˵˵ĩ۲߻ģ̫Ƶˡ
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˵߻ĩ˵ȷЩ˼Ϲ۵ĶԼȴǧȷϹָôһأ
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ֳֽ棬嵽Ժֳһ㾫µıɷ
λǿΧ˹ȫסԺӵĳ·
˫ս˸ֲ棬ǻŭ˵һѪ˵ԩ޳ЩǷ򸾸û˺һ࣬һסɽ֮УΪʲôҪϾɱأ
һСӵĸ˲ЦԭǻһӣãǾһһ·Ҳһ˵˵ôį
һǿ˵壬ЩɥʬʲôֻҪɥʬͶɱ˵
ǸеǸСɱˣСǳò¡
ϵѽ㲻ɱǸɥʬǣѵҪŮɥʬŲɣ
ޣ²ǶʮˣǰƯҲǲлһˣôῴĻɫأۼҲɥʬǰˡ
˵֣һûɥʬ֪ɥʬζô
ȻֹȵСǻˬȻһЩƤĻζӦò̫
ҴʲôãһɱǸеСӣסС֪֮Сǵζôˡ
߰Ի˵ͣ˲֪Ѫ˵ĶħǱȰڴ˵ἰĻҪ¡
Щ࣬ɷǰ޼ɵ࣬ô޳ֵܵزˣ
˵ɫüΪѿűָ΢΢Ѿ˳Χסһҵ߰ǿʮǿֻԼһҽ޷ͻΧˡ
˻ϢӢˣһȭһʮıһȭеĻ棬ȼһ˿ϣ
ǸվԼһߵĻ˵Լһ˻ͻΧϣ漴ҡҡͷ
еһжŮͬǣվ࣬ôɥʬأǲ侮ʯѾܲˡ
˵࣬Ȼ֪Ѫ˵ǶôѲƯŮǾԼġ
͸Լһ⣬ְԼɱ˱ǣѾԼ֮Լָʲôء
뵽˵в¶˾֮ɫ
а¾ģ㲻Щɵ࣬ҲҪԼЩס֮ǰ˽ԼԼ⵽Щ޳衣


481  
һĳʲôԼİŮܵʱԼȴӻԼŮˣ㲻һĳ裿
ֲֳָ˷ŭˣҲһװ˵ıδ󺺣忴ȥǼΪ׳ʵƺüס
ûŮȴܵһȺ裬еŭͬɽһ㱬ˡ
˱ϵСкЩĸĸҲŭգ뵽ǰİڴ˵кĿ¶˳޵Ŀ⡣
һ̣СкԷģֻҪԼܹȥһҪϵ࣬кݶ޳ܵԶۡ
ڣĴ۾࣬ǲмĿ⣬³֣޳ܡ
ַһ˵ͷĻͬУַͬȻҲһˣһ˵ĻֻҲǿߡ
ַڳȥȻ׾ٵĸЩˣȴԼݱЩϳߣѪ˵˸ߣԼ֮Щ˵ֻ
ԼܲΪ˼ɥʬǰȫɱڰɣǰҲ̫ˣִѪ˵ʹɱЩɥʬҲûʲô
ǾȻ˶ɫģ棬ЩҪļһǸˣһַ㻹ͷһνӴһ档
ͻȻ֣еĺϽͻȻΪһ磬ֱһǿߵĲϴ˹ȥǿ߻ûзӦ㱻һӴ˾
ŭУǿߵ屻߸𣬲Ժ棬ʱ洫һĲҽ
ٸоЩ⣬ɥʬҲһ㣬һɵǿߣҲһ
㵥ɥʬҲδɱǿߣȴĿ֮£ǿһˡ
Ժ洫ĲҽַͶ϶Ѿˡ
һ棬̫ŭŴ󵨳֣һ棬ղ̫⣬ھԵǰԵ̫⡣
Ѫ˵棬ʤɥʬǿ߾ɥʬУֻ˲ǿһЩ˱ϵĺԺԲơ
ˣ͸ˣѪǿǲûһ˷ϡ
ڸղŰֺǿĭɣ˵һôɥʬ˵ʱȴûϵ콵˵һ
̲סһɥʬڱǿΧס£Ȼ׺һ棬ͽһ˿ǿ߸ˡ
ٵʹų۽ë˵벻ɥʬǷ˿ɲ
ַζĿһ˵ǲɥʬʲôϵǱ۸ĻҷЩ䵽ҵϣὫһɱ£ǽһŰ
ַĻٵͻȻǺղŲûбɥʬ˼Ͼ࣬˼ķʽŻ᲻Ծƫࡣ
ɥʬһǿ֮Ų᲻Ծ˵⻰ĻҲӳʲô
ַ˵۸ǵĻַҲ˻ػǣֲԾһ˿۸С
Լһͬǰʣµ߸ʱŭˡ
һ˱еɥʬȻɱ־Ĺʹߣǲɾҩһϣɱǡ
Ѫ˵ԷԼǱ־ʹߣַһЦԼһ̫͵ǿ߼Ժ˵ԺԼˡ
ˣԼ˵־⼸Ѫ˵ˣ˵ȻҴ죬֪ǸղɥʬˣǲҲڱ־
ǿɥʬǵ˰㣬бһ֣ѹסɥʬ
ΪԼ޶ɥʬ˲˼Ȼǿߣκһ˵ȴ񷢷ƵģһһĴǿߣ˫Ȼһƽ֡
Χ۵һǿ̾Ϣ˵ɥʬǲ۲۵ĶħԹȻ٣ĹʹǰȻ˼ڸģɼɥʬ֮
һƵˣѪǿɥʬϵСкְǿ߹ŮɥʬԷɢɥʬ
ò˵˿ĺ׼Ϊչ˺ϵСкɥʬ·磬Ǳǿ˺ü
һԵҲǿɱ㺹졣
ǿߣнʮȴֻʮ֮Ķˣһ֣ʹ˱λá
ѪǿȻɱˣҪȻˣֻһģеı˵ĳȹ仮˺üӡ
ȹ֮ѩ׵Ĵһֱ¶˴ȸβ߸ɼѪǿ߸ǹЦ
ûжֵǿҲЦ
裬еıƴѪǿߣκ˫̫˲˶ԷĴϣǱһѪǿ߻һĿӡ
սУͷңס˵٣ǷһԵѪǿһҿԶԶǿѪǿǰ˵¶˾֮ɫ

ɥʬбīɫ߸ǳ˷
ǿɥʬѾٻսУɵͼɥʬīɫģ
Ӷʱ̣ɥʬȴٴ¶ģ˿̵ɥʬ˿һ۾Ͳ
ģüΪ׶ªɥʬϵҲһأΧѪǿߡ
ɥʬͻȻǿѪǿѪǿߵΧ֮£ɥʬĹֱѹȥ
ѪǿɱĽڽڰ˵ӣɥʬ۾ͻȻѣͷ֮䣬Ѫһ
֪ԼһǲͻΧˣȻҲǱɱɱ˶֮ҲЩͬھ
ĻԼĶӲܻӹЩѪȵŰɱ
ɥʬͻȻץסԼĶӵĸ첲͵һקϵɥʬСкϵƤͻȻϣɥʬĶӺݺˤ
³⣬еѪǿ߾ǴһʳӣɥʬҪʲôѵҪˤԼĶ
˵ɥʬԣ⻰Ȼ١
ɥʬԼĶӶɱϻʲô˲ɱа׺ݵɥʬϣֻ»ࣿ
һֻûжȵǡ
ȻЩ˵ͷ죬˵֮ΧɥʬѪǿͻȻΧ˵ǿߣҲٵϷŮɥʬǽһתҪն뽣¡
ַһֱһңȴԸѪ˵ͷϳѽ鴫ȥĻȻս
ܲΪɥʬ㽫ȫɱڰɣ
ڣȴҪˤĺӣ˲ϲĺӵĻҲὫĶӷںˡ
ղЩѪǿߣڱĶӵʱƾԼˣҲҪĶӡ
ǱƼۣôԼĺأҪһЩѪǿͬھˡ
ַѾˣСкԴԺһ͹ʯֻԶˣٲ֣СкˤԽѡ
˿ԼĶӱһĶʱˣ漴˷Ѫǿߵıնľ
ͻȻɳһУǵ䵽СкߣתСк壬ŵ˵ϡ
ԴͬʱжзɳѪǿ߿Ҫ˾ıҲϡ
ĵзֱסɥʬǿߵʱһֱûֵ˴һһȭĵС
Ѫǿ߼СﻹˣܷķУǲҼΧһɥʬǲִٲ˵ߡ
ү⼸ɥʬ汰ɣȻз
˰ڰֹ֣Ѫǿ˵˵ѣ㲻ǷŻĻһɣ
ַ㿴˿Ѫǿ߳Ϊүˣ벻ͲˣȻǿߡ
һֱԼϢһֱܵ͵ַȻûĵϸ
ֱ˳ȭַķУַſֲַķȻȴֻܶԸ͵ˣͬȼǿЧȴķŻᱻ顣
˽ַȥַȻĻһһŻ𣬰ԺӸˣԺɥʬһ˵ȥס
ԼϵսǱȻбܻĹܣȴ޷ӻ٣ԼµСŮյĻݣԼʹˡ
߰ɣ
ַٿСݣ·ģذ˳ȥ
һʱЩѪǿߵ۹ȫȥַ̫ƯˣƯĲˣ٣ǵʱ˫˼˰ľŮ
û뵽ɽУȻȾɫϷ˵ѪǿߣҲоԼղ۾Ϲˡ
һһСŮһȣ˼ֱǹĲлԼȻǵȻɫ
Ѫ˵ǿУŮû׻˼ȥղӰȥٵķУֵѡ
ŮȻǼƷеļƷΪʹ켸ԼС͵òʧˡ
Ψһûбٵľɫɵ˵ģѪǿ߳үˡ
ڱĿɿڴʱҲһĭŬջԼѾɳĻǣԴǵ˵⼸İ࣬Ȼɥʬһȫ棬Ƕˡ
үһ˵ѪǿŻعַ㣬ƿڴ
ǿͷɶϣѪǲɥʬͬۡ
УôҪİࣿ
ܳʲôԭɥʬһ
ɱЩɥʬĵļһ
ЩѪǿߵУٲɵõͷ
Ȼַûʲô뵽Լַ࣬ղŰɥʬԸ࣬Ӵ˵δЩȥŽҧűݣԼͷǰ
ַ¶νģַȻǰָ𵱻¡
ҪȻҲ밵֮ˡ
ǽīߺڣ类ַȾûûˣŸЩ˵ָ𵱻¡


482  Ѫү
Ѫ˵˸һߵģ·ַһֻ;СҪַĴˣʹļ׵Ŀ⿴
ַ˵ֻҵ·ûסűλޣֱдһٷôˣѵ밵ѳԶٷʮ⣬𣿡
ǵȻƺɥʬΪѣʮ⣿
κǿ߶ɱɥʬǲɱЩɥʬѾΪãǵĿסޣǱȫΪ
Ǵ򲻹ЩɥʬҲҪ࣬ЭɱЩɥʬɱǣҲҪѪսףǵҲӢۣ࡭
ַ㲻ʵΪʲôɱأϣһλ͸һһི֪ͼѵλ˴ǣֹܷģȴҪ𱨣ɱ˶Է𡭡ʲô𣿡
˱ŻԼĺӣźϽ˵һߡ
ղַڷоһ֮Ǿַ֪㲻ͨˡ
ǶѪǿ棬ȴͻȻһǿߣǿߣ㰵ǿϣҲֻбܶԶ֮΢һͻܸԷ
Ҳ֪ڶǿǰԼǸûһ㻹֮Ͻ棬Ск˵ǽǡ
ַһ˵һѪǿ˵֪ͼǽ֮ĹϵɥʬǸײгԣǽʲô֪ͼ
ַЦһôײгˣǱɱĺӣţ᲻ƴ
ַ⻰һڣʱмѪǿࡣ
Ϊɥʬһֻˣɽ֣ɱһҵСкŮɥʬ뷨
ַǰ£˶ʱ࣬ȻʲôöҲ֪ɱ˵ɷ˵ӣΪ˳顣
Ѫǿ˵һߣѾַ˺ܲǣǵүǡ
й¶ȥĻԺѪƱػɨء
˳˼һ˵λѣҲдǿߣǶ࣬αΪ˼ɥʬأ߰ɣǾ͵ûǡ
˵ɫһӱò԰ѪеүǣһҶóַȻῴ
ղžУһңҪ˵֮ٴĶҲˡ
ү֮⣬ֻҪַ⣬Ǳ㲻Ϊַ㣬ַ㲻⼸ˣô᲻˼ѪڻľڵӴʵأ
Ѫ˵үַһ̨£ַӦû뿪һַ뿪һ˱Ѫ˵׸ˡ
һԲֻս˵֣˵Ĳþ
ַȻҲЩ˽Щ˵ģ֪ǽˣҪǣںƫƫЩͬӬһݣЩӬ
ַ㿴˿үһ˵ֻҪǶԴһϴ֤Ժһҵ鷳ǾͿ뿪ˣ
Ѫ˵⻰һ
ղүϷŹַ㣬Ѿ御ˣ벻ַ㷴ôߣֹɱˣҪǶһɥʬϴ
ַ˵Ŀ·ǳ˽֮һ㣬ǲ֪ǣַУǵȷĽ֮
ַղŷķȻǵүȴַ㣬ַ˵Ŀ񻰣һǶַƿڴ
Ů⣬޳¼Сˣ˵ĺ꾫
ȥЩ˵͸˺ˡ
Ѫеλү˵λѣ֪Ѫ˵ڴ죬ɱеɥʬȫΪУΪУҿˣɲҪͿ£
ַղо仰ʶԷȴһֱûлᡣ
λ˳ʶԷֶΣ˵ӣѵǵĻ콫ˣǾη컹ʲôã
Ȼǣղҵļֵ˵ֻЦ㲻վȫĻ͸ÿ
áǸղŵĻЦղ˵κɥʬǱȫ࡭
ȻһɥʬѪˣǱȫࡣ
˳ǵַ㲻ϣɥʬǿѣѪǣȻѪҪɱеɥʬ빴ɥʬ࣬Ϊʲôǲȥ˳ǽѵַ㣿
аһ䣬û뵽ַ޳ܣӣҲԼаɣˣ
Ҳ¶עı飬Ȼǲûмսַ㣬ȴǿ߶˵ħ
˵Ǹħÿ춼ҪɱһɥʬҪһɥʬǿߵԴƷַһˣڰУͳѪˣλаĵһˡ
Ưһ˵ǲ֪ԭַȻڰɥʬѣЩɥʬĵ̫ˣȻıַԵԽ
Ѫү˵ʲôʱڸǰ˵ַ㲻ȫͽˣ
ԭ
Ȼү̫æҪȻȥ˳ַˡ
ȻѪү˵ԼַҲŹԷһ̧˵³ְɣ
һҪǳˣ
⡣
Ѫүţε䵶ǰ˵ıأ
Ը˻ñ
㡭¹Ȼġ
˵ϻˣɱߺ󣬻ҪϽȥ˯Ҫϲٵ·Ҫ־Ϳһ㣿
Ѫүʱˡ
ĸѪȻĸףĵλȴʲô䣬һ͵ĺ֮㡣
ľھϣ֮Ǿ˾ǿߣֵʮֿΪ
ȴû뵽һŮһˣҲҶ˵Ĵ󻰡
Ѫүŭȼ
ַķȻȴ˲ղǳȭַ㷢ĵУ֮ԶַòΪַ㡣
һֱĸ׶ҪҪ͵ˣȻΪַʲô汾£Ȼַһ
ַȴҪǶɥʬһϴѪ˴ڵϵɥʬַҪȻ޷ܣ˲žɱַ㡣
ַʱҲΪԷֿȭΪѪĶӣԸ۸ûбˡ
ַ˵һ䣬Ը㻹ñͰ׼ŭˣѪүַ֪˵ʵΪ
ŭ֮£žֶεɱַ㡣
첻ַҪƯŮҲŹ
ľɫŮһɱ˾̫ϧˣԼɱַ֮󣬰ǴѪˣԼŮĻҲǺӵһ顣
Ƚһ֮ѪүΪŮУҪԺһЩȻٵĿɰȴӳҸлҲһ㡣
ѪүΪٸһ㣬Ҳֻĸ˿ζѡ
뵽һԼɱַ㣬ԼͿŮѪү΢΢һȣҲ̰
ǿҵ£Ѫүе˫Ѫɫ˵ĺ⡣
ѪСү˵ƣźϽ־ȻܿƵĲѪǿֵ߽ʱ򣬶û¹źϽָȽޱȡ
ڣѪүϷĺƣȴĲ
иһ£ԼѪүֵĻһϣԼͱԷһնΪΡ
˵ɫҲüΪ԰ףȻҲַ㡣
ԼȰַ㲻Ҫ£һԼɷһ־ĺ֮ʱǾ仰û˵
˵Ŀ䵽ϵʱȴķ֣˷ܵı飬Ȼͷ˵ȴûκεĵģ
˲ɵɻΪʲôַǰŮȴһĮĵģأ
ѪүϵԽԽŨȻǱѾӵ˼ޣѪүֶѣֱȻһ
˶ȷţСˡ
ַ·ûע⵽ѪүԽԽŨɱԼϱǵƣֻǲͷ˵ˣŵȴһҲûѵͻȻĲɣ˵ɱ֮Ҫȥ˯ͲҪ˷ʱˣҺ죡
Ѫүٴαŭʱһ廯Ϊһ磬ֱַ˹ȥ
˵ɫøѿ
ǷԼЩѪүƶģԼԷ嶼壬Էս
ΪѪүĵȷ죬Ѫ˵ЩǿҲǵһμѪү֣ҲΪЩһ
ǰɱħɱħ
ҲѪүһȻ죬ַʵȴ˼˽֣һ̵Ķôӱߵ³
ַ㵱ûôѪүֻѪүҪ嵽ǰ֮ʱĴһȭ

ַȭͷֱӺѪүԴѪүͷ­ըһַȭĳһؽص⡣
Ѫү֮һȫַһȭ飬ؿڵ඼¶˳ҵš
ַһȭѪүϰֱӱ򱬣°ֱԵڵء


483  ˻
ַ֮ԶѪүʹɱ֣ǸղΧٸʱ׿Χ˱ϵСкְѪǿΧٸ
ˣƷõȥ
ߣǸ˾ȻҴ⣬ƾһ๼
ַ㿴ųСѾͷԼûƣСȴǷǣ٣ַԼڶޢ껪õĻ䡣
ǸѪүȻԼõĻ䣬Լôĵ
ʲôɱүѪ˼ֵƲ
ѪǿƽѪү˽Ѫүһȭַûϰ漴뵽ԼصѪܲĻѪүӲԼƤŹء
鼱֮£Ŷַƿڴ
һѪǿһ£Լүӵж֣ȫҲ۷Ĵڣȴǰһȭϰ
ԼħĻֻıԼүҡ
ѪǿʹλӢۣðӢӢ۵ѣүǸ쵰Ƕֵģǲ֣Ǿ塭
ѪǿҲ׷ַģȴмַ㣬˵òصѪܲ⼸˵ò
ǰ˿һȭǿߣǿߣȫҲûмֻҪԼպҳˣѪĿǰıҲһ
ַôῴЩе뷨ֻ¶һ˿Цȴû˵ʲô
˽ַ⣬һɴ˵Щǲȫɱˣ
ַ˵ͷַĶ԰ףٵϸ¶˲֮ɫ飬һëǮĹϵûС
ַȴΪһɥʬͷΪ˾ɥʬȴҪɱô࣬ǶԻǴأ
ַղһȭ̫ԵˣЩѪǿиַսͷ˵Ҫȫɱǣиеܲ
ԼԸαѵδСѾͷҲԸЩУֻһַӻĴҫ֪ߵغδŮ
ԼסСѾͷĻַͶ˵ԼܷΪʤһ룬Ѫǿͬʱ
һεεСŮδΧסˣСкŵ˼㡣
ַΪǲѪǿߵģȻԸ¡
һеĽеСãСһ㣬ЩûһǺǵģ
˵Ĵ۾գգƺʾл
Σͷһĵģ˰ԺڣԼղųڣΪǸСŮ
ǸСŮԼĻԼգۣµĻԼɰСѾͷ
ַղһȭѪүģַȥ
ǸСŮַǺѣѪǿѾ˵СŮǰַӦòԹ۰ɣ
ַֻԭЦûǰæ˼
һѵδСŮҲƯľǿкŲСŮ£
ѪǿѾ˵ԣиһϲղַĿֲ
Щȴϡ
һɰδСѾͷΪ˻ȥǻ治ĶɰŮ֡
ͻȻһһ
ǵٶʵ̫죬У·һ⣬ͬʱѪǿߵؿڶһȭͷСѪ
Ҳַֻ㣬ǿ߲ſóʵղŷֻһ⣬ǵڶ˵һѪǿߵؿڣֶ˵ڶѪǿߵؿڡ
ڲʮ֮ʱ䣬ǵȺ󶴴Ѫǿߵࡣ
Ѫǿߣһʧȥеǿͬؿ¶ǸѪĴѪ¶˲ŵĿ⡣
ǻĻһẰϼܣѾû˵ˣˣͬ߳һ㣬ͬʱ˵Ľ¡
һ̵ı飬ַ㵭ʵΪĲ𣿡
֪һ˲ǻˣҲǺܺãǾΪǶǺܺãǾȥɱЩʵǸղŴǾͿˡ
ַҡҡͷ˵٣Щûǣк˻ˣɥʬֵ̫һһҶǺã˵ǾǺˣЩ಻ɱһң㣬ǾǻˣҶԺ˻˵ĿȻǻˣȻŹǡ
Ϊʲôնɱ͸ˣֻҪˣҵݱ޷ܣѪ˵˾ͻɢֲҵҥԡοɱˣһѪҪֻҪй¶ȥͻҴ޾鷳Ҳ֪˺鷳ֻɱǣܳ׽е鷳һǲںɱ˵ġ
Ʋ֣еҲܹ⡣
ַ㣬ַָ밵ɥʬĻǲַⳡվַһ
ΪɥʬֻվԼͬһߣٵƲ֣Ҳġ
ַΪ࣬ȫ밵ޣǺԥİǣ˲Ż˸мַ㡣
и룬ַ㾿ʲôأѵΪ壬ɱԼͬ
ˣʥ˻Ƕħأ
˶˵ӣԲΪһңɱôͬ顣
ַҡҡͷ˵ҿɴûǵԼͬ顣
Ǿǵͬ顣
ַЦַ֪𣿡
ڴ˵ĵһħһ˶˵Ǹħȴû
ͺã˳ǵַ㣬һɱ˺ܶˣ࣬Ҳɥʬύ˺ܶѣУҲɥʬַ˵Źͬˣͬ顭˵ǣҺַͬĹ۵㣬һҶˣҸԸǿͬ飬Щ͵࡭
ҲˣɥʬһҲк˻֣֮ɥʬȺĴǰһֻվһߡ
ַȴһǾֻҪˣͬ飬£ȴ޳֮µˣĵˡ
ԼǣָһõǵϿɡ
Щ಻ɱԼҪԼЩ˵Ϊ˳䣬ַźɱǡ
ַĻҲˣղЩȻ࣬ڿ־ǵΪȴɥʬҲ硣
ԺԼ࣬Ҳúԥɱǡ
ɱЩ֮ѾǺҹˣַɲԸһҼʬ𼣵ĹԼȥɣ
ַֻǽ˼䣬ٻط˯ȥˡ
ַһܹӲ˵ɱˣɱϼˣҲܴѪ˯һ
ѾͷҲǵͷ˯ҲǼ߳ˣַˣɱ˻ɱɥʬ
жʱ䣬Լ˯һᣬ컹Ҫ·أ
ȴ˯ţ˼ȻڼҵĽ档
ʱַĻǶԵģʱ־ַ̫ˣַķ磬Ķ𣬲֪ջߵһ
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˺ܶ࣬ȴʼûףֱˣŻ˯ȥ


484  ʧ
һսǰҲСʱûе̫ʱ䣬ַȥ֮һ˯ú㡣
֪ǲʹ˵ԵʣԼԽԽϲΪҹ˯һֱͲõˬ
պԼӾͺˣ־ò̫ܣԼ˻սļȫĵ
£뵽ĵһ˱ԼԼֲܣǶԲȫĵ
һѾܹвԼˣ˵ԼҲԹǵˡ
ʵȴǲпģԼһµҪԼȥڧˣɥʬˣˣһжҪԼ
ַϹϹΪһ̫ͣϵһߵԪռǿߣԼͣѵ㲻ԪЩɱɱС
ȴѻĵİΣѹԼϣԭЩߵȼԪռǿߣһȺʹ˵Ϻꡣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ַЩɽԼ٣ڻɽйһӣҲһǡ顣
ԼɽеĻ´ԣӵŮͬߣպһѵĺӣԼĺˣ
Ȼ˵ʳԽԽȱˣԼսǱдʳȫԹԼһǧ꣬Ψһвǣķ̫ѳˡ
Լһԣһоˡ
Ҳַѣɽ滹Լص̻ԼδСǣԼŮѡ
ԼߵȼԪռǿһΣƱػǵģԼ˻ɽ֮ڣаӹˣ
ƹһ¡
ȻһãɥʬãõĹҵ˵Ȼкܶ˷顣
ʳȱֱ֮Ѿĺܼˣڵɥʬ࣬ҹͬ޵Դ˵ᷢ⡣
ַȻɥʬ̫֮ǿɥʬ֮ĸĤ
ҪʹǺƽҲһʮּѵ顣
һδ飬ַͷ۲ѣɴȥЩ£ɽǰ·
ʱ˸׼һܴ⡣
ַȻûɫϿ֪⣬ԼҪϺö౶ٵȵĻֻҪһǧ
۷Ź⣬޲ðַеһ̵ڽҪ뿪ʱСк¶ı顣
ַһ¶ʮ͸СкɥʬҲʶˣЩɫĹӲǷƷ
Сĺ棬о޴أ·ҪСĹƷĹȥȻԴڵ
ַ㶣˵طǲٴˣҹǸˣһѪҪȻڣϢûɢȥڲȥĻѪƱػɳһѰǣ˵Ѱǡ
Ҳؼ뿪ڰ£ﻹǰȫģǿԳŰµʱ䣬ᵽȥתߣš˳ǺܿҪƳһֿƽʬҩ裬ҲȥĻԺͿ԰Ѫӣˡ
ַһַۣԽԽ޳ˡ
˵䷽˵ƳɹΪУǿһǧҹҹѪѽ
ûĻַĻҲᱻַŬַһ仰Լϡ
ٸǵһ˵ϻƽʬҩ裬ҩȻǶħַڵķ˳Ƴģѵϵҩ
˳λѣ˵ҲʣһңҵȻһ¶մҲ֪˭һҡ
һҪ֪𣿡
ʾ
ҽַ㣬Է˳ǡ
ССкʧеԭǰڴ˵еĶħַ㣿
ַСкͷ˵ַ㣬ҲǶħַ㣬ʵϣֻЩ˻£ıӦ˲Űҳħʵ԰ҽ
˱˳ħҲ߳ŭַӵƤƺСˣΪ⣬СкԼǾԿͷ˵ʤһ
˳Скһ䣬иǽŵ˼㡣
ַ㸧ǵĺӵͷ֪һ᲻ץǵĶӵԿǣԵԽأѪȵҲûз
ȻͲµַеĴ
Ȼû뵽ǰ˻ǰڴ˵еĵһħַ㣬Ǹ˵һɱһɥʬԵһɥʬԽĿֲڡ
ַľǿߣȫȫֻһ
ˣֻӦóڴ˵УȴĳһǰǸ˵г˲¹ͷĶħΪһ塣
Ȼַ֪㲻˺ǣ˵л¶˿־֮ɫһʹ綼ˣôܲأ
ַ˵˳ǿ˿Խʬҩһʼһ˻š
ǿô꣬Ҳƽʬİ취ѵ˳Ǿа취ǲǰſڿأ
֪ǰַʱĻĩУû˵ַ˵ѣЩַֻ꣬Ҫ˵˭û˵ĸ˻
˵Ƴƽʬҩģ˵ַ˲ײУ̰ơ
Ϊ˷ƣ˵ʲô鶼Ҹɣðȫķԣ밵Ѫ⡣
ѪԽԽ٣вϣ֮Ǽ뵽ҵУʹѪ½ƽʬҩͨҩơ
̾ҩĻһ˾УҲҪҩҩϵʬĻһ˾ܻĸһЩ
ַ㵱Ȼ⻰ʲô˼ϵκɥʬֻҪһ֮ڲʳѪĻͻȫöĩԽҲпᣬһץҲԽԽձ顣
꣬Ϊ׽òѪɥʬҲԽԽ࣬ΪûʳѪɥʬ밵籬ͻʱɥʬҪࡣ
һ˿ԽϵʬĻȫĩлøһЩ
ֶַһ˱ʾҩ貢ܹȥ˳ǣԸۣһ㡣
ҲʾԸ⹺ҩ裬ǽϵʬҲԸٴᡣ
⼸꣬ǻȫˡ
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ÿ˶ѡԼʲôĵ·ȨԼϲսԼ飬һϲҲһ˵顣
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̻ųŮԳǻӭַع顣
磬ƽѵһĴŮ࣬Χ۵ʿսʿ۸˳ǶŮȻ١
ŮƣַͬȺ֮
֣ʤű룬ȾԼ̹Ŵ½ĽɣҲˡ
ַ漴ٽܸ̻ˡ
ǰҲʶ٣֪ԼϸѧУʱͰУ٣ǲ֪ʹʲôֶͨΣӲǰٴãã˺˳
һΣҲֿˣһӵ
̻ȻҲЩģһǵ˾ҲؼΪŮɷ򣬶ٵĵҲֳһ档
磬༸ŮȴЩĬ
ص˳ַ֮ҵ˸кڵ࣬ͷһйȫ衣
ַȻ䷽ɹЩҩĲϣҲһܷĺľ顣
µ׼֮еĲ׼
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ʵ֤ЩҩƵĺܳɹ
Щɥʬһܵʱڣٴαֻ࣬ǵϴɥʬеϢվȺУȻԱһϳ
ַ˵ƳɹΪУͨ£ҩȻٽˡ
ַָҩȡһȫµ֣衣
Ȼ˳飬˳Ƶҩ裬ȻҪ衣
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ַ˵ٻϵ裬ȴֻݺңг뻨ַɫѡ
ҲòĽַС䷽ϾҪˣȫٸϣ֮Ƕɹ裬벻ƶѡ
ַҲ޳ܵģȻĳ裬ȫ˵İȨ
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֣ʤʼնɥʬӰַԸ˴٣׬Ǯ⣬ַȻҪԼŮȥ
Ȼ֣ʤ̰Ƶˣ˶ѻɽݺңѱб˽ңԺҲԼŮˣ̰һ㣬Ժ޸Լʱ򣬲ǵױ͸Լ
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˳֮Ӵҵ磬ַ㲢еҪǵİھ֮£˫Э飬֮ĵıֳɣ˳ġ
ַ㵹ҲӦ˳ǵҪ󣬲ĸЭǣСȫȨƹ㹤ַѾ֪СѾĺӣˡ
ȻСδУȴԼδޡ
С۵Ļ˵̰һ󲿷ݺңڽ˳ǵʱ򣬸Լĺӵ̷Ǯ
Ϸ人ҲõϢҪһ˳Ƿ衣
ԣϣַȴ˿ò߷ֳɣ˳ôͷ
ͮ˵һ䣬Ůˣַȫˣĳֳɡ
£ƹ㵽ȫġ
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ַǣ뻨İ֮Ǻϲһǻ̸һİ֮ǡ
ȻϽ仨̸ܻǰַ㣬ַлһֲԤС
ϣ֮֮ĸĤԽԽѵѾİ֮ϣ֮ǣԺӣҪ໥޵ԴΪ໥ɱ


485  ʳΣ
ַһ£ǻط˳Ҳˡ
ĵɣƹ㹤ȫƽҲһ䡣
ַҲѵõ˰ƽ
֮У̻ɣɣɣֻԶ֮СĶһ
ҲŮһӱһţԼµСŮ
Ѿͷ߸ǱǰһͷȻӵеŮʼĽߡ
Ļߣֱ׷ĪƷƵ˼ȻɰСϣҲԽԽš
˵ɥʬʧˣĴܲˣ͸Զ̫ƽˣַȻоַΣС
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ڰɥʬȫ֮Щδ㽵ǿǻûüϲ㷢һӶĶ޵Դ
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û뵽ᷢĵһ
ַоԼϣ֮֮ųⰵ֮࣬ҲȫΪĳޣΪʳϡȱ
ϵı޾ô࣬õˣ˾͵ò
ɱ˱ˣһߣܵõԷʳʱ򵥡
ʺĩֲֲȻûҵ
㺼ݳǵףҲֻںݳǸںݳǵʳǣܱϣ֮ǵļޣΪʳԭ
˵ףϣ֮ǵìܣ˵˫ΪʳȨŷս
һУϣ֮֮Ҳᱬս͵ϣ֮۸С͵ϣ֮ǣ˵ҲΪʳ
ʱϣ֮Ҫвǰ֮ޡ
ʮ󳬼սʿѹƣһЩϣ֮Ǹ߼Ŀ⵭Щ£ʹϣ֮֮ìûΪڲҪìܡ
һϣ֮ǽڰ֮ǰɱǺܶˣΪ˷𱨸Թ
˵ףôȻΪʳʳΣŵ°֮ϣ֮ǵԽԽĶ
뵽ЩַбŭѣԭԼƹ裬Լ˻׸֮⣬Ȼûκθı䡣
ַģ̻ٷһοַ㡣
ϣ֮֮ųⰵ֮ǣֻ֮ǽڶѣһ죬ϵİ֮ȫʧˣϣ֮֮ȻᱬĦ
౾ĶΪԼܹõĻȥ˽
ؼ׻ʳȱ⣬ֻҪʳȱһ֮ϣ֮ǲпĤ
ַһҧ
ӵ޾ı캣֣캣ֵҪ½ϵı޵ö࣬Ҳö࣬Щɶƶʳѽ
˳Ȼǻԣϣ֮ǣҲɽա
ַͨϣָ֮һ·
ֻҪȫĵ࣬ȫԸһ飬ûԸƴһԼԷɱô죿
ʳѷĽ죬ȥƴͻַĿģϣȫĵˣͨĺǡ
֮ϣ֮Ƕзԣ໥֮㲻ս
ַּ۾ˣƺƵɱ
νľҲĩ󣬻ľҳһƬ޵ԶԶ࣬ŵ˺ĳʧ
½صʳԽԽϡȱ֮Ŀֻ
һڱ캣ֵ̫ǿĩڣĺϰߣݻ˺еϣ֮ǡ
һѾˣҲû˰вĵһУִ󳬹һҴŵʳΣһǰʮ꽵١
Ȼǿ󣬺αػ½໥ʳأ󺣲ȡ֮֮ߵʳﱦ⣿
ǣ˺üĴͺսټգҿȺĸĴ;˼ˣƺƵɱ
ǻһγԣÿҾ޽֮ľ಻ԶԱ໥Ӧ
ÿҾ޽ϣжڶǿ߸𾯽䣬Ϊǿϣ֮ǣ˳ǿ˵ʵ޷ȥսĴڡ
Ҿսһ½ܲԶںܵƵı캣ֵķΧ
Щ캣־ӵŲǻۣһ࿪־ǵأ㷢ƵùЩСɽ־޽
ĩһֱǱ캣ֵĵ̣Ҫ󺣣Ǹ캣ǱоΣյıƽϰߣֻԺա
캣ųȺӵĹЩ־޽
һЩ޽һ㱻Ӵı캣Ӵײʿһʱھ޽бʱ򣬸ͬһ㣬ټٵ뺣ˮУ޽ܱߵı캣Ǵ
Щǿߣ޽Եýɱı캣֣ϾϵĴͼһ
ڼսСʱ֮󣬲ɱ˸еı캣֡
ʱϣָľ֣֣Ѿʬʮսļ˳ʿҲǧˣȻȡʤ
ϣҾض飬˷˳ǡ
˳һۿڣɱֱ캣ֵϢͬ˳һ㴫ģ֮ϣ֮ǵìͻȻ࣬ǶĿ˴󺣡
ȥ󽢶ӵľ;׷ױװһ£ʽ͵ĶϵͳһЩԶ뺣ߵϣ֮Ǹ㲻㿪ʼ˴͵ľ޽
ȫһºɱ캣ֵĿ񳱡
¥ǣǵȴ͵ϣ֮ڳջķ֮⣬ϣ֮ȴǳɳꪣһȥ޻ء
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ϣ֮ǣǵսʱ֮ʽɵģԶԶ޷ͱ캣ֵײ
ǵսûǿһ󺣣캣ַҲ֮ˡ
֮Уڴϳɹɱ캣ֵģҲֻгϵǣ뻨°ٻǣһն
İ֮ǣҲȥ޻ء
ڲãĴУ캣սӰʱǧ׵ıϵϣʡ
ܶʱ˱ǧƵı캣Χסײ˾޽뺣еȫԹ⡣
սҵʱ򣬱캣ֵѪѪˮǺ˴󺣡
캣ɱ֮󣬴ѪսͣЩʵǿϣ֮밵֮ǣѾ㹻ʳ֮ڲȥѪȵĴɱˡ
˵󺣻ĵ̣ȥҲһΣյ飬½ʵǿķ˳ǣһΣҲʮ֮һʣ⻹ַԳ
ϣ֮ǣ֮һض飬Ѿܲˣĳ飬ʸǴﵽһϡ
һĶ飬ȫû³
˼ΣصǰµԾڽͣЪµɱУߵıҲ˲ء
ֹͣ˼֮󣬽ı캣ܵشȫֹͣ˶غš
ɱ̫Զ뺣ߵϣ֮ҪѴݺҴսȥɱ캣֣Ҳ˶ǿŲܲμӵϷ
ڽʧ֮󣬾ְĿ⿴˴½ðķȥԣӱ˵ǿʤʵ
ڳڵĳޣϣ֮򰵺֮ǷѣҲһЩ֮ϣ֮Ƿѣϣ֮밵֮ǵĥ䣬ֱü
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ʮı򰵺֮Ƿһģ棬˻ǣڵвƸ
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Ȼ࣬˵ȻԾӣҪȻҲܱߵϣ֮ǳΪˡ
Ҳѹ֣ܱϣ֮ųǣǵĳĸ֮ҲԼࡣ
ԳϵķŭַҲ⡣
ڻɽ֮УѪ˶԰̬ȣ˵ܶ⣬ɱ֮ϣ֮֮ĳѾԽԽ
ɽһ˾Ͷַ˵һܹʬһҲ½ᣬȻҲ֪᲻ǡ
ַԸеϵĸԽԽĮˡ
Լͬĩɱ֮ϳȥ񰵺ɥʬǶ࣬ҲˣǵĿҲˡ
ʧȥ˹ͬĿ֮󣬳ԼĹϵԽԽ䵭Ҳ֮Уܱ֮ϣ֮Ƕǵıȣϵߡ
ʮǴĲƸô᲻ѶʮĲƸأʮǼƳϵĻֻ»ʳ
ַ̾һ˵ʮʲôһȥһ£ȷйұǣҲϣֿܹƣҲһǵĻʱܵͷı㲻Ƕʮˡ
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ַĻв˼Ҳ֪ϼûɥʬǹͬĵҲˣַҲڣϵҲǰ
˵ڣַĻбв˼ϵַ٣ڰвҲַϣ֮Ӱ
ַ˵ĻȻȲԸ
üͷ˵һҵ£ǲȥǶʮǵˣʮǴĻұĲǡ
ַرƵ֪֮ͨԼҪȥʮһˡ
Уϣ֮֮࣬Ҳ࣬ҶΪ˻ȥŲò໥ɱ뷽跨õԷʳ
ԼȻϣ֮ӵо޴ӰԶ۵˫ԼȰסס


486  ʷѳԵĲ
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ѾͷԽԽƯˣ֪ǲǾһԵʣѾͷǰƯ˺ܶͬʱԸҲǰ˺ܶࡣ
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ϣ֮ʶԼ̫ˡ
Լһȥװİ磬ľɫͲˣôװҲķʡ
ˣͣͿ԰ϳַֻʹڼһ㣬ԼˣǲҪȥҡˡ
һȺ֯Ϻзˣﻹ治棬ҲûаϵһΣҪһȥ
Ϊʲô
ڳﻹҪԣϾҪˣҪڳܹҳסˣֻʣһˣ¡
տʼһ˷ܣ벻ַسǵ̻𣬳ȫȨ
漴뵽ַ㲻Ϊ˦˵ģԼûбıƸƭ
ߵ˵ɣ磬ʤ綼Ҳ飬ȫԽǣҲһ𣬲ݰɣ
ַ㰵ҡͷѾͷԼȻԼݣ˭ԼһλƯɰŮֻĽԼø
Լȥϣ֮ǣǰ֮ǻǣϣ֮ǶԼϤҪԶԶ֮ǡ
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ַܾãʮǵıһһɸǿڲٿǼʮϣ֮ǡ
ַҲʮϣ֮ǵϣвûд͵ϣ֮ǡ
֮ǰģԵʱЩϣ֮ڹ͵ľ޽˹һֵغս
㼸ʮϣ֮ҲδǵĶ֣ǵʵ˿Լķ˳ǣĳ¥ǡ
ϸȫһǿߣԼ֣ҪʰҲһ׵飬Լ񹭡
Լ񹭣Ҳδܹɱϡ
ĺڰһֱһ˵ĹϵһַҲ˵ڰĺڰۣϹ˲١
ںڰֻ»Ϲ֮ϣЩ˰ϣԼôɱأ
ԼǳǣʮСϣ֮ԶԶ˳ǣǣʵȴǲԶˡ
ʮƵĶȥ֮ǻ˵һ㣬ƵĶȴǰǿǡ
ѵǷˣ˵Ǳһɼǿ֧ǣ
һΣʮǴǶ֣ǰȻûԼкʮȻ˳ҲûзԼȥĻֻ²鲻ʲô
һЩĵ˵˵Լ̻֮ǣַڵ飬ڰУ͵ϮɱƹֶζԸˡ
ֶΣ˵ȻַȴõĵӦģһǺǿܶʱǲüӵֶζԸԷ
ǵһΣһλַ𾴵ĳַ㣬ΪʲôĽ׵ĵط
ַ˵˰죬ֻҡͷַ߶˵Ϊ˵Ľš
ַߵĻĺ塣
ĩУܶǿˣĩУܶСȴЩˣǻԼ
ԺַҲѧԼʵҲڳϦĩпԻʮ֮õҪԭ֮һ
һȻǴˣһĺܶͳȴԼһεȥʮǾʲôƣȻԼԸǵĳϣ
֪Ĵ𰸣ֻԼݣԼһȥй¶Լ١
ô˵ͬһȥ̻ʶˣжٲµַ⣬һȰ
Ȼͬ⣬󻹺̻һ˿ŭɫ̻ŭˣŲҼּ
̻µһˣ̻ŭֻ
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˵ϣ֮ڣҲûжʶ١
ַͬһȥΪٷַĶԣ˵ĳѾ˺ܶ࣬㼰ϻɽеĴ㣬ȴҲԶ
ٵ仰һӰַˡ
֪ŮƮƮȻ³ļȵζжôóԣ𵱳ɽеˣַһûԼͷ̽ȥ
˵գԼ飬ԼθҲԾһˡ
ַ㲻ԥͬһȥ
ĵ˵ΪʲôҲȥٽȥ
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ȻַĻ޺˵ƫۡ

ַٲУͬ㼲ۡ
˰ʱ֣ٹȻŵԣڻƳϵʱ򣬴ַսǱóһִӰȡһСͽܵƣԼֵζƷ
սǱܣַ㲢û١
Ѿǻ۷ǿˣսǱй¶ȥҲû˸ҴսǱ⡣
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ճһڣûȥµ˵ϡ
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Щ˿Ҳģ˭뵽ѳԣӡУһγѳԵĲġ
ַټһ鱬ƬһڣѸ˳̫ˣپ˶
ѯʵĿ⣬ַװģ˵û£Щð˸ѡ
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ַϹģȳһƬŹǣ˳ȥֳһСƬ⣬Ҳ˳ȥһڳȥ
ٲ˼˵Բ벻ѳԣӪЩʦǶ˵ĺóԣ
ǾĲûУ
϶ʱ¶˲˼ı飬ӪĳѧյʱЩϳʦúò˺óԣʱȷû˳ԹĶ
һھεı飬ַ㰲ο˵ҪȻһ԰ɣ
񿴹һ㿴ַʵˣ
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һھ£ַȻԼԡ
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˳˼Уַ֪Ļڳޣڷ
֮ȡ˯ͬСèһ˽ȥ˯УٱʯӣϺŵ㣬ַĿĸо
һģַ㷴˯ˣֻκĽӴּŮҲ˷ܵ˯š
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ַҲ֪ٸоʲôԼɳٿ죬ҲѧУ֮ʱ˷츲صı仯
֣ʤһʶԼҲԼǲһֻΪԼȴûԼԭ
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ٵͷַǻûϼ㿴Զɽ˺ʮ֣вڴ´С
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һŮزһĭɵ˵ҿѽСǿǼƷѽظִּͦūؼңʱǲżʮݺҶѣڻֹŮʵݶˡЩСǻʳȱʱ伢ˣһظһٵġ
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ַóĿ˵ͲΪʲôôۻ軨ˣ㿴񰵺ˣ
ַһ˵۴ϸ۲ַһַȷǰˡ
ǿߣϷϢַȴǱϢ۾У·̲ɽ
ַ㲻ǰˣ۴󺺶ʱһϣ֮֮ϸĹ涨಻֣ҪȻͻܵϣ֮ǹͬĳͷ
Ȼ˵ಢࡣ
ַȻ࣬ȻҪϣ֮ǼɵԼ۴󺺲ӵʵ¼ȻǿߣΪʲôֹɱޣ
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ʵݺȣղűһĭʲô
۴ԴظŮ˵ԺλˣˣλҪҲҪԥأסֻһū
ŮĻعͷñһϵıǲм֮ɫ
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󺺷׷óԿףŮͽַͣ΢΢һ̽ĵļʮС˵·շ𣬷׷䵽Ůļͷ
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ַǫһСᣬʱмʿ˹Χסǡ
⼸ʿȻʲôоȻϽΧסַ֮һϽվ˵λʲôˣȻҶʮ£


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Ȼ˶ַ˵ΪַȴȻһı䣬ĩôõˣȻΪԷ˵ŶԷǺˡ
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ʮ֮ߵһһѪ˵Ӱ죬ҪһΪʹ
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ҪȻбܿյΣա
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ذϲĻҲӲǰʾַ㣬ֻҪԼľУ׷£֮Լǰӡ
ȻַԸذϲľУԱõ鱨Ҳ֪ԼԵ̫˵Ļֻ·ᱻԷɡ
ַ¶ɫ˵ذ˾ľУ˵ҵңɹˣֻܲ˾ϸɵĹơ


491  û֤ݾ뿪
ַûֱӾܾذϲ¶һ˿΢ЦʮǼʮ֯ƾȱľ˲š
Ȼƾ໥֮һϡ
ڵõַڽͷɱ˵Ϣ֮ذϲûзеһ⣬ɱͷһˣеȻˡ
ƾǿеֱذϲǲЩַɱġ
벻ַ˻Ī֣ȻɱΡ
ղЩսʿֲˣذϲȻûЩ˵ϣڼַɱ֮һʱ㰲ԼŰַ˹
һʼذϲҲַֻ̽㣬ܲˣȴû뵽ַԼų⣬Ψһһַ㲻ԸܾӵĹơ
飬Ҳ֮С
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ַٹذϲվ˵ҲҪ죬ֵܾܺûгԹˣֵһҲøеһóԾͳԣúȾͺȺˣ
ַ˵ͷĵͣȻ˭˭ˡ
ַ֮󣬻֮ʱȴовٽսʿĿ֮ǵ⣬аԾ衣


492  Ҫѵ
֮ذϲ˽ַ㣬˵ַյĺѣҪպӹա
ַϹ΢ЦȴڰЦãԼЩɱħɱħñ˹Լ
μˣ󲿷ذϲ˽Ҳ֪ذϲſڿӣƽ;ذϲһȴ֪ذϲһѡ
ַ֪ԶذϲȴôΪ˽أ
ȴû˻ɵ£˵ַڰĴϣͶ֮䣬һٶսʿնɱɵö࿴ַ㼸ۡ
Щսʿôǿ󣬱ַɱҲϣϵЩȴһӰȥٵĽնɱ
ַûй㣬ȴʹصĽһͽ˸е˼ˡ
ЩսʿѪеϵַѪ˵˶ɱһ㣬Ҳȷ⡣
ôעԼַоԼΪȷԵЩçײˣЩһ֮ǵŮоһ
۴󺺸ҪɱŮڽַ㿴ȥˣʱһŭƺɱЩ󺺡
ʱΪϳԼɱЩ󺺵ġ
û뵽ǣﻹвǿ߲²ԼЩ˵ֱӵĹϵȻԼһطԼʵ
ԼʹУ˳ǿߵĻɣǲû뵽Լַ㣬ҪȻԼʮǵ㳹ױ¶ˡ
Щ˰Ŀ䵽ַϣȴĿ䵽ٵϣƯȻַöĿˡ
Щ˲Ŀ⣬²֪ٱĿͤͤ٣·Ҫ̻һ㣬ַб㰵
˿̸ٵУѸǵ۾ȫϹˣʡ۾ռٵıˡ
ԼϹЩˣֻҪһţ˵Ŀ⣬Լܲܰе˶Ϲ˰ɣ
¥ŮһŴɴͺˡ
ַ־Լ̫˽ܲΪƯ˵ʱ򣬾ʹɴɣ
ˣˣַûʲôøУҲûʲôУֻԵַкַΪ
ЩԲԵģַҲа̾˵ӰЩ֪Լݵˣ޲ӳݵĳƺԼһսˡ
ЩֻӦԼ⻹Ϊ˸ذϲһӣ˵Ϊ仰ʱĵģͲˡ
ǰӦǰغӵ䵭ַһ˶Ŀ˿ȻֵʧС
һģ㲻٣ԶԶ˵λ֪϶ǽŮֲԸй¶ԼʵݣóңԱ˵ֻǷŶѣҲʲô֣ȴܸлʶ㣿
˵ʱǸ˸̧ͷߵַһۣĿ֮ǲм
ԼȫʱƲַ㣬ﵽ˶㣬ַȴֻһٰʮ
ѾĩˣֻǿߣܱΪǿߣһپʮĴڣҲԶԶǿᲢۡ
߸ַԭڡ
֣Щ֪룬ղ߸ӵı鿴ַ㣬иеܲ
ȻǸ߸ˣڴ֮ͥ£ֵĻòЩ˵ȥ
Ҫ˵ĩĩǰİ˼ҲǺ顣
ˣһ滹ҪӵҪʾѵĻӭ
ַзģ߸˸ӵ֮ԴٵĻԼһ᲻ܲˣʹݸ߸
ַûòĵǰ˵ҵѲϲİ˵Ҳϲİ֣ϲֵĻҿԴͣ
߸ַ㲢Уһװ˵ַ㻹Ҫһ㣬ַĿ⣬еӸµζ
ٱַ㵲ס֮󣬸߸һ˿ŭɫ漴֣Ц㲻䣿
ԶذϲɫҲѿַǳصһˣȴ˵ȡЦбӭһĸо
ϳǸ߸˲ѣǲذϲµʮа˾֮Ըַġ
ذϲȻŭǸ߸ӲǶ˵ҪַҲַѵԷ뵽Էж㣬Ҫַһء
һͻ˶㣬ڽһȫµľ磬ַ˽ֵĻҪ˵Ҳ֪Ǳذɡ
뵽ذϲѱһи¶˷߷֮ɫ
˾߸ӳЦַĻ뿴ַ᲻߸ӷϾ߸ӸղŵǾ仰һҲ˦ַϡ
裬ȵ˶⻹ѿַΪάԼ棬ǸˣҲ߸ƴˡ
˶Ŀ⿴ַ㣬뿴ǲǱף߸Ӵһܡ
˴۾ǣַֻǵ˵Ҳ䡣
˵仰ַ֮ɫƽĻصԡ
߸һ仰ַסˣڱַַ֮ҲֻƵ˵һ仰˻ȥ˵߸Ӧúܸˡ
뵽֮Ľַֿȵ˵ģַղƻĺ£иǷŭһַ㣬ַǰ
ַ·ûп߸ӣֻͷ˵ٻЦ
߸Ҳַ֪װǻƣǲῴԼģ߸ӱַ㣬˵Ȼ㲻֣ҽ֣Ȼѵ㣬ҽҵս𣿡
ַعͷŷǰһˣɫ䵭˵õģ


493  һȭ
ʹӦˣǲ̫ʹˣ
λֵܲû˵Ļɣ
һˣȻս˶ǿߣⲻ𡭡
߸Ӹղųַ㣬ַֻǲ̲Ļһ䣬˶Ϊַ˸߸ӣ߸ַսҲǰҪݺݽѵһַ㣬ɱ
ַԲԷղˣӦýܶԷսŶԣ߸սȴӦˡ
ѽ
ַӦ˵ĿǽЩͷԡ
߸һַ㣬սַӦòȻŭһߵĽܸ߸ӵս˵б´ңҪȻҾͻ֮ĺݻ
ַʲôҲû˵˵һõģ·˵ݸһ̣ȻĽӹ˵̣˵һллһ⡣
߸΢΢һַƽı̫ˣֳַ侲ͽ޷ܡ
ԼǿһأԼսҲһصģŮʹ飬˵ټ֮Ļ
ֻ˵һõģһõģи߸ٴУĪ˻ƲɣԼսǲȦˣ
ӰȥٵķУԼ֮ϣķնԼϣҲ˲Լ
Ϊʲô˵أ
˶˵ˣǰľԽԽˡ
ռоƵĸ߸ӷһأСַ㣬ȴһںģˣǲǱˣ
ַһʼ˵ְɣ
ַһʼ磬߸ӻΪַҪͻϮƳ˺ü˫ȭǰ
и벻ףԼж㣬Էֻһٰʮ㣬ԼȫŰԷΪʲôԼлǿҵĿ־أ
ַһʼ磬߸ͻȻ˳˺ü˺ȻЦ벻ף߸Ҳ֮еǿߣΪʲôַһʼ磬Ͱŵ˳ü
ղŶַ˵㲻֣ʱǺܰΪʲôַսַһʼ磬Ͱų
иһоַղһʼʱ򣬷·ƿߣȻ߸ӣȴѹ˸߸̫࣬ʹø߸Ӳòˡ
߸ӷΧ˶ñĵĿ⿴·һڴ֮ͥչĺӡ
ҧҧԼ˵ҪǿԼΪʲôǸСأֻҪԼһȭߵǸƯŮ˵ԼͶͱҲ˵
Ϊһ棬߸˹ɵ˵ȶְɣ
ַеĿ·ֻ˱ɽЦȷȶ֣
ַһʣ߸ӸоԼ·һ㣬ãȻĵͷ˵˵ϻɣ
ţ
ַ˵ͷֱ߸ˣµĺϽ棬ַ˫̤Ľӡ
˷׷ױɫַ㲻ﵽһٰʮǿߣϷĺƣͽ޷𷴿֮ġ
ЩҲǾ˾ĸ߼Աǿַ¶ʵиǰĽ벻һǿߣȻذϲһּȥ
ַͲ󣬺пڶʱ֮ͻƶ㣬ͻ˶㣬ذϲ绢ˡ
˵ľ̾У߸˷¶һĲм
ղַ˵֮ʱֳƣȷһ־µǣַһأȻַƸѹס
ղиһִԼ˾˽µһͼϣַǾµʥߣַһʼʱֳģĩеϲеʡ
һ̣߸˲˳˺ü
ַһȭȴЦˣַʩչģֻһٰʮַٶȻҪͺܶࡣ
һΣԼԽСһȭñˡ
СŮҲԼͶͱˣ߸һݣӭַ˹ȥһԹսһۡ
һ֮£߸иĻŭţһɫĿַ㣬ȻΪַ㵣ģŮǸַһģȻκ˶ַĵϸ
ȻŮ¶ɫַ㣬ԼǰΪСƣٴ˿̵ģֲ²СѾǭ¿ˡ
һ£ԼȫһȭССϡãƯŮһҲ֪˭ǿˡ
߸Աַ㻹ٶȣַܵǰȭַ̫Ѩ
иǳ쵽˼㣬ȻжܻڣΪôǿ󣬶㹻ϸΪڲԹɫ
ĩ߸˵츳Ȼȴ㲻ǿãȴ㹻СĽ
ڼΣյʱ̣ҲԼĳ侲ջΪģһĩдƴһʼǿܶǿǶˣȴ˽졣
ڴǿߵ䣬ʹڶʮðͷȻҲʮǿ֮һСĽԸȻûб䣬Ҳı֮
ղȻַĲ壬ȴȻûʧȥ侲ַһʼʱƽĹ۲죬ͷַܲ򵥣ڱܷӳˡ
ַ֮ٶȲ̫ǿŷڿַǿ߸Ȼ˹۲ٵķӦ
ٵķӦ֮Увڸȷַ˶ѣȭͷ֮󣬸߸Ȼ˳ַ㡣
ԣҪַȥ
СӣҲҽܱ˵ս㲻һѣȴսǿߡ
ذϲҲһ֮ɫ
ַȻֻһٰʮ㣬ֵٶǱȸ߸˺ֻܶ࣬ǰǣ
սʿϣҲ¶ϧģ
ַѾﵽһٰʮ㣬ֻҪһζ򣬱ͻƶ㣬߸һʵȴûʸ
߸ͻȻеԼһһӶˣٴȭͷҲͻȻ˿С
ʱַȭͷѾԶס۾߸ǰһͻȻһ޴ĺӰסˡ
һ̣Դҵ
˷һȵ
߸˾Ȼַһȭˣǹʮף˫ۼѵĳŵ棬ȴһˤ˵ϣ˹ȥ
ε֮ǰ߸Ҳ벻ôһ£ΪʲôԼֽͻȻܶˣڰСΪСеƣ
ַʮǣʶ˲̫࣬˰
ԼΪʲôأַĵƵĻΪʲôŮղŻỹһĵǣ
һжǸŮװģԼһ㣬ȴһСϹ۾ԼԴͷˡ
߸˻û͸ôһ£һͷԵ˹ȥ
˶׸ղôһ£߸˵ٶҪַ㣬ΪʲôͻȻͣͲأ
ͣһ£űַһȭͷˡ
ѵ˵߸˲Ը˺ַ㣬Źװһģ𣬿ǲӦѽ߸֮³ĺݽɫӦöַİ飿
ַֻ֪ôһ£սԶԶǸ߸ܹᲢ۵ģַȴװһ߸˵ģ
ܸ߸˵Ļֻ»˵ĻɣذϲҲΪԼǲ⣬Լʵ
ڸ߸˹֮ʱַһ˿ķУ˸߸ϵĶؽϣ˸߸˵˶ʱľ
ַŴݵһȭ˸߸ˡ
ǰٲַܸ߸ˣ˵ĲϾ̫ˣȴַֻһٰʮԸ˸߸ˡ
ٲαַ߸˽֮ϲ¶˵֮ɫ
һʼ߸˻Ϊַ㲻ˣڰַһȭͷ֮Ϊǰıװƭġ
ʵһֱǸαԸ񵥴ŮΪʲôٵӡڸ߸˵Уǰôı仯Լ뵱Ȼɣ
ذϲȷӦƴ
ȻҲΪַղӮ˸߸ˣʵӮ˾ӮˣַӮ˸߸ˣҲйʣŴ
߸һĻˣǵ˶㣬ҲղŸ߸Ʒַ㡣
ȴӲһ£һ˲߸˱ַһȭɡ
Ϊַͬ飬ʵԼͬǱ˼˱ˣ߸Ǳһַս
ذϲϽַܾ˰ӵս
ַʤһΣȴܴӮڶΡ
ַһǿߣѾйˣַһսаܸӵĻͻѸղźò׵ȫٵ
ַҲԸ̫¶âȻղķм˵۶۲첻Ҳ˵û˿Կơ
ַʲôҲû˵ذϲܾӵս
ַ漴ٴǱᣬҲԸһҹЩ˸˷ˡ
ַڻԼСԺĹУ·һƻͨҹǸҹĴ¥д֣޳
ٵӡУ޳ӦĶţ£Ҫַȥַģ֮ʱֹɵЦЦѻ˱𴦡
ַ˶޳ڵĻٴһ˿ɱ˵߰ɡ
ĬĬַ󣬻صǾסСԺС
Ҳᶷ޳飬ȻҲϵ˶޳һܲ򵥣ŽַϵıȻЩŭ


494  Ѫ޳
޳һУַҲ
һһЩϣ֮ץ˴ɥʬŵı֮ΪһЩ˱̬ȺãǱЩɥʬ޷һ𣬽ɥʬǿͽ޲
Ľɥʬ౻ԵǱޱɱٰ춷޳ˣͨȡƱķʽͨһ˵ı̬òƵ롣
һУֶ̫Ѫȣܵ˺ܶ˵ָ𣬱ϣ֮бȫֹ
һַҲ϶ϣ֮ǣĩھϽκϣ֮Ѫȵ顣
񣬰ɥʬѾ࣬ʮȴȻ˴ּ˵Ѫҵлʹõģǻࡣ
ԼȥҲûʲôԼʲô˼Ҿ綼ˡ
ȴһȥ֮󣬿һЩŮ뺢ӣ̵ı޻˺˳ԵĻ˵ܲˣΡ
ª飬ǰѾ̫࣬ȻԸȥӴѪһ档
ͷʱȴԼǸ޳λá
Ƴϣ޳ǶʮֵĲҹ֮һҹĻĽ٣޳Ѿǽ졣
ڻĶϣ޳ī㣬ڽ׵ĳʽ棬һרעĿżʼĶޡ
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һ¥Ĳ֣ͬӰԺΣǧλԵߣУ¥ȴͬŵİᣬֻĿ˲¥
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ڶţëϽȴûʸǸܲѵĴЩϽĲûһᡣ
¥εĸϣֻʲôҲûУֱӹۿǰ׵ĴͶ޳һ¥ļͣڿԱ¥һš
Դӽ޳һ𣬳ī㱣ÿĹ
һ棬ЩѪ̬ʮֿı౻޻ҧ˺̵֮еľʻ档
һ棬ҲԹ۲Щ͵ķӦԱƳһһܻӭı
īϴŰˮ۾һĿżʼĶޣλϻȺκ˿īģܶ˻뵽У԰ѧߡ
ʵϣīĩǰȷһѧУ֪ڡ
ĩУһһ˵Ŀѣһߵ죬˶ʮʵ֮һһЩ˾Ҳڰ£
īʮ߰Ů߷һõĵһ󴲰ɳϣĿµĶ޳
üĿ续СŮСĸȣŽš
ڱûпʼī۾ǰŮȻĴһŮĵװǰ˽ȥסСãͣ
ŮֻǹŵɬǿһЦīȡ
īǰŮı֣ŮԽԽĩǰ̹һŮѧʱ̹ŮѧǰŮһ崿
֪ʲôŮĹԶԶѧҵʱ䣬ǾŮѧ
ҷõĴҲһѧƵĶࡣ
ȴû˶룬һʮ֪ѧߣļҷöֻһͨͥʮСŮ
УΪȫһʦٵı֡
ŮҲûʧſγ̶ѧУǰé
һ죬ȴǸŮһͲ۹кСԺСǣɢ˵ϸǹҸЦݡ
ʱīͻȻʣ۾Щ嶫ˣиǸеԼİĶ˶ˡ
һеģֻһʮ꣬ʲôҲСƨ
һ̣ǸеԼ̫ûˣԼѧ峵𾴵֪ѧߣȴܸһëͷСӣͻȻǿҵĴܸС
ڸǸѧγ̵ʱŮ͵Ůռǡ
ռУŮȻǸëͷʿԼİӣʱī˺ŮʼǱĴ㣬ջסˡ
ĸǸŮѧഺ껪ѧҵΪأŮʱߺˣǰŵװŮһ졣
ŮȻĴӦ
Ƿ֣ŮǸĴûм٣оԼƭˣŮĸĸ
ŮĸĸΪ£ݺݳŮ
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ǧָǸȴһɵνģ
ٺī鵽뵱صĻ콻϶һ£ǾԼŮѧǱġ
Ϊ˱ŮīԼӰѧУ￪ˣŮĸĸÿŮѧǸкȴѧУ
Ϊһ´ˣȴ֣ŮĿǳޣȴΪ⣬ΪԼǶŮġ
ԴкѧУ֮ŮĳɼһǧɣҲþΪʹԼŮָŮĸĸŮȥңԶԶС
ŮԶѧУ֮īĻҲ·ɵңԶϷСǣиʹൽ˼㣬ԴԺҲûмŮѧ
ȴһֱŮһƬƬϣŮ޹ǵСУĶȹһֻһŸߴĲɡ
ôȥˣƬŮڰ׷۾ǸʹЦݵŮԶļС
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ܼһ˼䣬īȴ·ʯһ㡣
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ǰȣŮ͸ϸʵز΢̻ԲβԼŮϷ·ԵγˮϸۼĿ
ѧУʱȣǰŮĸƯˣпĩûж
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ǰȣǸкѾɳΪһߴ׳ˣҲٸӵ˧Ů˿ĵкĻС
ԶԶȥ˵ȷɲŮò
īͻȻŭˣ˵ģֻŮѧͱǸкˣݽҧ촽һ˿Ѫߴ¶䵽ѩ׵ĳϡ
ɺޣɺޣа㵱ʥŮȴһˣԭһˣԼȥɣ
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һͷ˺öı͵س屻򿪵˳ص
ͷǵ¶Ѫı飬Ǵ˿ϣľıһ٣ǰ⼸ʮŮк㹻ǳԵıġ
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ĩлôãİ˸±࣬Ϊʼˡ
ӭǵȴϣ֮Ѫȵɱ
һսǱץ˶ʮǣ޳һ˹ҲͷҪԵǡ
ΧĿͲ˷ܵĴУȻЩкŮлþ޴УŮвס
Ҷֺ࣬α̫
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Ůģ˿̨ϵļԼĿУ̨ϵ˷׷׸
ԶλϣвսʿеıûǰĺϽΣеıǷнײ
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һкƵ˳ӵϼһĽǹݺݴǸ
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īӻͳһŽ׵־ϵŨ̵
û˿ŭǼΪƽ˵ˡ


496  Ư
Ů˵УǸޣҲŷ֣㻹޲硭ǰҲ֪ڣΪʦȴû뵽ԼĲѧõֵط˶޳
Ůָī㲢û̫ķӦָֻ̧̨֣»˵㿴̨»ȺҸ޳ҲΪкܶϲطˣҲ׬˴ǮҸȡʲôã
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ĩûܹҵΪҲ㲻ʲôĻڰʾղǸΪҵºԩ
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˰ңĩǰΪԹ޻ڵô࣬ĩһֱػңһֱһ̡ңҲʲô
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ԼȨƣλƸһҲȱЩŮҪģŮӶȥһ̣ŸоԼһ˵ʧܣŮһûС
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챪ӷĵڶһѾ־ĵıͷ챪ӷ·˷Ź
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һһȭ˱챪ӵĶͷϣı챪ӵԴͻȻը㳡ĺϽذϺݺˤȥ
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ǹ⻬ľϣѪͬբˮһ


497  ޳
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Ϊ̤ΪһĻԭŮѾбץˣҲ࣬ȴΪǮ޲Щ˱޳Եѵ㲻Լɱ𣿡
ŮַļͷͻȻޣһֱûһϣ֮ǵϽ԰֮ࡣ
ַȴ˵ˣϣ֮һˣ˵뷨Ϊʲôڲͬ
īҲҲ˵ĻǱ񲻱𣿡
ī仰źܴһ˵
ϣ֮екܶ˲Ѱ֮ǵ൱ǵͬ࣬ŵ°ϣ֮ǵĹϵԽԽ
ַȻѰɥʬҲ˵࣬īЩܲˡ
ַ˵Ҳ֮УµĻڳԼ޳ǱȫΪ͵ڳԼ
ַȻ˵ҵУǱһˣģ˹˹ģĩǰҲһݵˣȴɰ
ŮͻȻʲôعͷַÿ˵󡭡磬ʹû֮ƣڵͬϹԸǣϽɱħΪֵܽǱ𡭡
īȻַģȴԿǰŮģŮǰŮȴֻԹԼޡ
һ̣īɱԶ޷ǵŮ
Ů˼ڰ·ϱƣֻҪټһᣬпܵȵѪ˵ľȱˣŮƫƫʱĽ¶еʵ뷨Ůĺ޵ͷȥˡ
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ĩУīƻ࣬ײǿ߶ַȻǰ˷
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ʮսʿж֮ñַеŮ·Ѿˡ
īͻȻЦɱңܹɱҵ˻ûأһᱻɱǲŶԣҿԹŮճ
īŵģʮǿߣѪڲҲһɲݺӵ
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ҪԶԶޣֿñһǿߣɵɱͬıޡ
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ŮͻȻһսɫҲüΪ԰ַȻīȴʮǿߣ
ĿǰΪֹû˵ĸˣƾһֿ֮ʮǿߡ
û˱˽īĶˡ
ĩ֮ǰֻΪѾڷѧ֮һߣǸ񶾵Ľڱ㶯øֹϵλ
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Ů棬īвûղһʹǸеʮֿ⡣
Ŀ˵Сˣĩǰչô꣬ȴ£żСһСᣬ㿴ԹŮ˭Ҳ߲ˣ
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498  
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ī㻹ΪԼۻˣĽӾƭ۾ĺϽôᱻһնأ
޽ʱīɷѿģһɵƣЩߴİᣬͬ˵ֱһڰ׸߿к˳
һ㿴ȥİǿ¥ȻϿУƺ᧿ΣĸֺϽǼȴǽڽİ˻С
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īڵİᣬǾӹ̵ġ
ڿеİὨɵʱīԸ˵ķ֮ǿǴ͵ļҵҲ֧ŰСʱϡ
ڣַһȫ˺˷ŵĺϽذ壬ǽذĺϽǼȫնϣʧȥ֧֮׸ߵĶᣬͬ޸ĸƼһĹ㳡бŵȥ
ֱѾŤΣĺϽذ忪ʼѺ֮ʱīͻȻ
⣬ǼصĺϽʯɵģҲаٶ֮УˤϵĻԼһˤǲɡ
īһĽһ̤Ͻ棬Ҫ㳡İᴰȥ˽֣ҲǿߣʵСӡ
һ̤֮£īղŵĵطϽذֱӱ̤ĹѣҲ֮ͬһ㱼Ĵ
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īײưĴһĲƬϾҪ뿪ᣬַڶˡ
һǺ󷢶
ī廹ûȫԾʱַѾīϷԾݺݵĶ̤һš

ī㷢һ˺ѷεĲҽ
ȻжٶʮʣַղһţȻĺ뼸߹һ̤ˡ
ַĽʹһṲ̊īϵǰ֮Ծ˴
ī屻ַһ̤ڹǶϽ۵ͬʱֻصǸϽɵİ
ַŮСݳ˺ϽᣬΪֹ׹һеıͻȻ˺üݺݴ˲ԶĺϽǽС
ʱǸϽأͬǺϽذ̾͵Ĺ㳡ҵŤΣڰ㳡ײ̫ң޳ҵҡ
еַܵ𶯣ǲһץס䵽㳡ȥַʣȥҲ̫ܵ˺ָͷǱⲻ˵ˡ
ַһԼ˵Լٷ磬ԼϵķһҵõĻֳɺͳ
ԼлһƯŮԼܲܽҲָͷݲҵɣ
Լһӣŷƽ˾ղķİᣬֱӸˤˣī˿Ѿˣ
ŮͷַϣʵǸħ𣿡
ӦˣûпԷʬ֮ǰҾ׶϶˵˻˵
˵仰ֱַһӺϽǽг˳ƮƮ䵽˹㳡ϣ漴ѾɱӵİСĵ߶ţԱҵīʬ塣
ͻȻһ˶ԴӰѷ˳ī㣬˿̵īģǱ˸̾ǣ۾Ȼûˤ
ľƬѾ֪ȥˣֻʣ˴ľĴڱϣԶԶȥĩǰĳС
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οڣֽŻڰ棬ֻһԴ˳˿ַ̾㲻ڣŮҲ׵ɱ
ī˵ɱѽǶʮǣɱңҲ߲ˡ
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ַ˱ҪīԴȥīͻȻ˵
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λˣֻҪŹң޳ġ
ַЦЦīвԼ޹ֿ֮ʼòƸջԼ֪Լ裬۳ɵйĲƸĻһԼ˵⻰
ַٴξ𱦽ʱī¶ı飬в˶ԷԷֲգβļһֻ
硭ס֣
Ůһַ˱
īȼһ˿ϣѵԼȥķϣҪԼһ
ʦ
ޣ
Ůַһ˵ɣ
Ů֪һѺϽ𵶣һڴĿַ㡣
ַͷ˵㣡
ַҪֻī˭ɱȴҪֻҪ˾ͺá
á
ַ㲻֪īΪʲôͻȻ˵һַ֣ȴԶҲ֪˴ˣŮеĺϽѾȥ
漴īͷͬһ˳ȥīƽľϣ˰׸ߵѪȪ
ɱ˳
ѪծѪǳ
ʮѪǿߣ֪ð˳Χ˹ַ¶һ˿΢Ц޳Ŀɱī㣬ȻīˣԼʲô
ַͻȻסŮһݣӼѪǿߵԴ˹ȥʮѪǿ߿ַȥһں׷ᡣ
ַڿҪ뿪޳㳡ʱķʮͷǿıޱںϽ
֪ʲôַ䣬ںϽϵնϡ
໡
һŭУʮͷ˿ûӣֱʮѪǿ߶ȥ


499  
ʮѪǿߣʮͷͷıסȥ·
ЩѪǿȻɱַ㣬ЩȴԵǣַܴݵˣЩѪǿ򱻱ΪΧסˡ
ڱѺ˺ܳʱ䣬к޼ǵֱַ࣬ն˺Ͻϵǲ
ڶַĸмԹޣЩûйַ㣬෴Ǽǿ߸ַ׷ᣬһ˹ȥסЩѪǿߵȥ·
Ҳ˼Ҳַ֪ųǣĳ룬Ҳӳȥ
ȻЩŰԼƴˡ
ҧĻԼ
Ⱥı޷Źַ㣬ΧסǣЩѪǿ߷׷״ʮͷɱ
һѪǿһʱҧԴûԴ֮λȻ͹ˣǴǵĻ
һλֵĸ첲һͷֱҧ̱޵˶ȥʹ֮£Ѫǿ߷һ˺ѷεĲҽ
ַȻ߳˺üȻһĲҽɴ˿֪޳Ѫǿ޵ɱжôļҡ
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ЩޣȻ˿ͬ飬ǱĴУѪǿҲӦá
ַǷǹۣЩѪǿΪŰҲʲôˣȷһ˵
ЩˣҲжж񱨡
ת֮䣬ַŮ˳⣬һ·ϣŮַĻֻо磬ͬ۵Ļһǰ񱼡
һᣬַŮ˵ѾԶ˶ʮǣûҹǵϰߣ֮ǰȫԴﵽȫĵط
Ůеˮ˵硭ʧȥеˣѾ޴ȥˣ
˼ԣƯԸԸΪūΪ澱ԷԷҳ޳ɱī㣬־
ƾЩŮ֪ԷµˣҲںԼǰ࣬ԼܹһˣҲԼĸ
ַ·ûŮеĺ壬ֻ˵еÿ˶һԼȥİ취Ҳԣټ
˵仰ַ廯Ϊһ磬Ƭ֮ʧŮǰ
ŮаɶƯˣԼˡ
ԼȴΪԼԺ룬ԼһŮ䣬ô˲εˣ
һСṦַ㷵˶ʮǣͬʱԼ¡
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㣬ȻԼƫƫֳƯԼһӦҪ󣬻Լպģûϡ
ŮȻû˵еĺȴȷ˼ǰŮ⣬ֻңڣȴΪЩеͷʹѡ
ƯŮʲôϡַǿߣָֻЩŮǻϱǰͣЩŮףԺĳɱ͸ˡ
ַ㣬ƯŮҲᶯģ֮ĸۣղŮȻǿַ㻹ǿӵмǿķչǱ
ֻҪʱգŮ˵Ϊ̻ǿߣԼߣڵǱԶӲ
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ٴλسǵʱѾҹʱˣʱʿսʿѾ룬һط⣬ǾǳĻֹȡ
һĿֹ꣬ѡ
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ʮ֮ڵĻֹȣЩ԰ŮȫһҹҹӦŸʽˣƽʱԱȨûС
ÿ죬аŮ裬̻
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ͬһʱ䣬еѾע⵽һС
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С㣬ղǸ˿ƲһǺֱײǵмǿıûסСò׵Ļбץ
ڱҲǼˣƵ˱ϡ
ΪСŮҡҡͷղڼп˳üΪӢϸһ˵ƣкЩҪȻҲˡ
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һЩǿľǿߣ˾ȴš
ЩԼͨƴһǿߵ۷ǿߣһµ͵ΪЩ֪ǿиǿ֣Լֻе͵һ㣬ܱסԼһС
ֹȵˣǼбˣЩĸǿǣֵطֻΪͼģֲȱݺң˲ŻԵΪ˴Ϊ͵
Ͼڻֹ£ȥĻһܶ˵顣
еĶȴںЩЩлԱȴóѯǵڱǴ֡
·ʾǵڲͬ
ǰ˧ˣǸǸϣ֮Ǿ˾ıӣŻŰ衣
ǸСŮ¶һ˿΢Ц˵ˣһ֪ߵغĶѣһʲôҪ󣬾ݺȴһֶãѵʱˣһֵʱ򣬾Ͱ£ҵҪıɣǶǣ
СŮʸ˵Ŀ񻰵ġ
ֹȣһ˵ģʵϣʮǴԪ˧вٵĹɷݣ⻹һλѪ˵ҪҲӵֹȵĹɷݡ
ʮǵĻֹȣλʮǵ߾̣Ѫһλϣټѡ
ۻģֻ»û˸ǹ̻Ѫ˵λϡ
һЩ˾ǿֹȣҲС˹Ѫλϡ
ǰСȻӵΪ
ִˣӴŴݺ˵ʱǸ֪һֹȲǺǵˡ
ַ˰ᣬȻģмǧףʩһӦȫ
ڷ۱ĩǰߵĽ죬һսʿֻһĻҲĴͰһεġ
ѽΪʲôأ
ЩΪһڷĴЩƵأôܰԼӵ۲ƸȥΪ棬ĵط塣
ڣۣʮŮַ΢΢һ˵ˣʲôҪЧ͵ģԸ
ַ㿴˿Ůǲǰ࣬ϣ֮࣬ڻֹУЩŮˣɵģֻҪԸˣʱ뿪
ץİŮͬϣ֮ǵǿУǶͼū˵Ĺ߶ѡ
ûеõ˵׼֮ǰŮǲ׼ġ
ǰŮǲǳŮˣǻֹķ
ַ³ķԭϲŮһ˲ժֻǸûƼĿЩŮǣߴţúڹ
˵ˣֵطɷģʲôˣֻҪԸǮĻҲʮԸСǣΪ˵Ч͡
ǰθ磬ҲǧŲƵĵ
ŮӢɵϲüңֻҪַϳǵĻַ㲻ǮҲǧϡ
ַ㲢ûһϲɫŮ䵭˵ʲôĿ˵˵
Ů벻ַûȤ
ʧͬʱµŮȻֹĿ˵˳ЩĿ˶ףַ㵱ȻҲ˵ʲô
ַһü˵̫ɨˣһֹȵĹģҲСȴ벻طûʲôѵûһд̼ԵĿ𣿡
ŮһۣףַҲΪŮ˵ģ̬Ⱥá
벻˺üòȴ࣬Ϲģˣ
Ů·һ㣬ַ㽲һֲֹͬĿŰɱŮԼʹЩľ¿̾ߣǧٹ֣ĥŮ˵ߡ
ŮרĹҲһӦȫֻҪ⣬ֹȻὫЩŰɱŮгһ飬пǴȥá
Ȼˣֻ԰Ůԡ
ַԽԽŭȴɫ˵


500  С޾
Ůһۣо¶ϧģ
˵ģʣ֪òͿӮúܶŮϲĸߴ˧۳ںεأŮˡ
ֹȣͶͱŮҲ
ȻֵطһĿô⣬ŰɱŮĿܸȤԵĳһ仹
ôг˧޳ܵأŮ˵ʲôˣᣬô˰ࣿ
һŮʵʴǵƻǽƣ
ƣַЩŮƬѡһλŰɱڽƣŮгһŮ
һ£˶Լơ
ҲһЩûƷλʵ˽зԱһЩ˵ԷֻҪŮ˾С
ַһü˵ưɣϰйҵ
Ůͬʱһַôǵϰˣѵ˶㣬Ǿ㣬ǵϰҲͬ⡣
һŮ˵ˣǵϰǲ͵ġ
ΪʲôͣеݺңϲЩ𣿡
ǵϰѽ˵ˣֲǰŮôܱŰɱء
һŮϽŮһţੲݵŮԼղžȻ̸Űɱϰ塣
ֻҪ̸֮ȥĻŮǲϰ˵Ǳϰ
뵽ŮԱȫͻȻ£ʪϵĹ
ŮиǸȷ˲Ů˵ģµģ£ƺӦÿطС
ǻֹȣʮĄ̊́뱳һţȷԼ
ҿкǶ˵Ĵַ⻰ַƤڻˡ
Ů˵ַȴ᲻˵ӻͳһݺңĶʽ˵Ϊ޳ܵĿ˵ֹвǮκСүΪֻҪݺңʲô㶼أȥǵϰе̾һ̧ҪŰǸ쵰
ŮȻһҲȻַеݺҵʮһţһݺңԽֹдŮΨȴҲ첻
ҲҰַĻΨ
ܲܶΨ˵ϰ壬ин˵ҪŰɱ㣬кܶݺңϰҲ𲻴Ӧ
ǸҶΨ˵⻰ĻΨԸҰ˵Ƥ
ַָһ̾һ˿ѹüľնһŮϵĳŮһѵ㷢ͻȻն䡣
Ůֻһһ˲һ˹ȥ
ŮڼеͬʱԼˣһԼС֪նѿģأԼȻ˵ϻòҲ㹻ɰϲ
ϱնһ̣Ժˡ
ŮԼ϶һֲİ̺ۣжʱŭգǰַƴֲַҹȥ
ȥĻѱַ㲻һҲ
Ů˰죬ԼϾȻһѪûУŷߵͬ˵㣬ҵǲǱˣ
һŮҡҡͷɫĸΪ԰ףŮУһЩȻַ֪ղǵεĿֲ
ַķУǡôնŮϵĳȴû˼ŮϵļŮһǳǳĻ۶ûС
ǰ˸жôĿɲ
ľŮַ㵭˵ҵĻҪҪ˵һ飿
ˣˣȥǵϰ壬Եȡ
ţһ㡭
ŮᣬΪһ˧磬뵽ÿ˧羹Ȼһ̬̬ͱ̬ɣȻ쿪ҪŰɱֹȵϰΨ
ŮС˳˷䣬ڰ棬˶һۣһԶ񱼶ȥһһ󺰵ѽ
ڣַ̾һ˵ʵ벻ΪʲôҪ˵ҪɱȻҲɱŮˣȴֻɱ񼫵ŮˣȻϰ࣬ȴֻһȺС
֮һһ£̹¶ŮŭĽ˰ᣬǸŮ˶ʮ꣬ͷ״Դϡ
ŮȻúƯģ˿ȴɷǱڱΪСŮˣǰСŮˣֻǻֹеһͨŮˡ
಻ֻ˵Ļģ˵⼫Ϊ
ΨְŮڸΨ֮ȻźˣΨ֪ڼС檡
ΨķСΪ˾ҲСֹȵ⣬û뵽С㻹ܵþ
Ψ֪СĩǰһӰְҵˣĩ֮ǿֲ̫ԸȥҰðգ˻ֹȳ塣
ΨֹȣҲﾡãٺΨɫİŮ˻ֹȣƳŰɱŮķĿ
һУСֱƶ²ŵʵֵģС㲻԰ŮΪ̣Щ¿䵽ֹȵŮҲǼġ
СȻƻֹŮɣڰŮ֮ðŮҪ֧ı˻ѹŮ롣
ŮūݣǵҲҪȫϽɻֹȣһֹȱ԰ŮļŮȽϣѹŮ롣
Դ˰Ů֮󣬻ֹȶŮ½ֹȴŮϳߵıҲԽԽ
ЩŮȻԹԣҲް취
СĻ˵ǣǻֹȵĹ涨ǲԸǾ㣬ȫˣֹаŮ֧棬תȥ
Ů뱻һѹͣЩŮǺ͸СﻢʳСˣŮǰС㣬нţһ̰
ַ۽ɨһСŮŮˣ˵ҲϲŰɱŮˣû֮ǰϽ뿪ΨСүʱޣЩֺܷ̾ʱ䣬Ͻ
СȻַ֪ĵϸȴǰ޸֮кжôҪǣ¡
κһˣԽгϽս
СԵ޼ɵַſڱտҪŰɱΨ˵мɱСһѪ
ëͷСӣĵ£ŲһַŰɱ㣿
ĵ̣ԭΨŮˣΨǶīߺڣҲʲôö
Сûע⵽ַԽԽĿֻǸеŭԼǰСȴϣԲѷ
˶죡
Сһ⣬ַС˹ȥ
СУַһǸĳϣ֮˾ĶӣƽԼĵϰˣµ˶ʮǣȻš
ʮǼʮϣ֮ģһϣ֮Ტ۵ģһֹȣжʮǴԪ˧̵Ĺɷݡ
ȣܱЩϣ֮ǵľ˾Ҳ㲻ʲôŴݺݽѵַ㡣
Ҳ֪ߵغĶ֪ʲôˣ죬֪Щ飬ġ
ַһ֣׽סС
С޹ǵַץסðһҲˣַһץסСв
ЩȻСİΣҲֻ֪ҪǸҶһµĻַͻŤǵķ˵
СַһŤˣɱַ㣬ֻҲ޷Ψŭ
ͶȻַƵһҲܶ
˶ҶһëҵɷὫǧУ
ţɷΨɣ
ѽ˰ɣֻҪ¿ͷóˡ
ꡣ
ַŮ˵ͬһһŤСĸ첲
Сֱ۱ַŤ֮İ׹ֱӴƤң¶һأѪˮСһĺȾøˡ
СһʹĻ˹ȥ֪ԼһļһֻҪԼ˵һ䣬˵ŤԼĲӡ
ַһ֣СǱĵڵϡ
С񣬸ڿһļŮҲ˵ŮŮʵһͼļŮ
ֻΨˣŴҰɷ˰ɣ
ַɿС㣬Ƕʳһַ㡣
ַ㣬СԼĶϱۣһԹ˵ֻҪǺɱ쵰үصǡ
һ˿֮ɫΪǿߣԽݣֹȵĻΪݺ
С仰֮˷ܣȭͷϵһӱ˼֡
ַ˵ʹҲûãǾõʹͣûȥˡ
δ䣬ַ΢΢һԴͬʱը
ͬһʱ䣬һʣµһһܳ˰ᣬʧ˸Ӱ١
ôַֻ΢һɱĻСıҲʮֵĸ˫һһֱ˹ȥ


501  һ
ιȥһ̣Сһֱһر⣬ղֲַ࣬㼸һ֣ܽԴ򱬣Ϊʲôȴ¶һأ
ûģȻܻԴȻҲܻΪʲôֻȴһأ
˾Ĵ֮һʱ֮ҲԸǰ˶ԷΪʲôֻɱʲôܣ
̫ˣССŮܹ׵ģ첲Ͼʹһ㵱ȥ
ֿ֮ԶԽѪˮһأλֹȵŮһкܶ⻹ûףŵĻ˹ȥ
һʱ䣬ȻҲ͵ЩŮŰɱʱıҰģ˵ʵЩŮĲ״⼸ҪҶˡ
ڿЩŮʹȥʱû¹Ϊ֪ԼŮһҵ³
ַֻһ䣬㱻ַӰһ첲
ҲַɵĴԴиȷǰ˻᲻ԴҲһ򱬣ĺˣűŻ˹ȥ
ʵַղŲɱԭܼ򵥣Ҳˣ˭ԼΨԼȥңֹôԼּʱҵ
Ͳһˣһ֮һҵΨѰһиĴϰ塣
飬ԼʲôΨԶžˡ
Ψ㲻ΪСţҲܲԼ棬ԼͷĻԺʲôֹȵĴϰ壿
ʵСղ뵽Ͳ⡣
ַԼһ裬еĵΨϹȵǱҪȹʱΨڴµʮǿ¸˹
һţΨͿںȲַ㣬ԼѪеСС㣬ȥĻȻ͵õϢۿԼСµĲ״ΨǱɫ
ַ㿴ΨһۣԼǰΪֹȵΨһεأȴû뵽ֻһʮĸͷ
ַеǣݵͷȻжʮ
ƾ˵ԼҪһ㣬ΨһͲսսʿֲǳ࣬ȻΪ١
ַ㲻ɵð̾ϻҲݺ˵飬ΨΪֹȵĵһϰ壬ȱıŮݺҡ
Ů˿ǲįӴݺң򵽴ıֲĹʵԼˡ
ڳݺҵ֧£ŲŲΨȻ˶ʮǿսʿ֮һѪ˵Ķϱȼ硣
˵ΨĿǰԱȼ绪ľϣ֮ǵľ˾
֮ǿȻڻԣɼǸֻʵˣͼֻͼ˲µġ
ַһѿɳϺŲ裬¶һһеģ·ûΨϹһ㣬ģһװ
ʵĲ豭ûˮȻ϶£Ϊ˹ʾаˡ
ַҲֻǱжѣǸΨʵʮǿһ֣ԼջʤֻһսҲúࣿ
Լʲô취ɵĸɵЩأ͵Ϯƹְ취ЧԼͻְ취
ȻΪսݣȴû֪ݣŲںЩùֶΡ
ȫĵַ֪һ˵Ļ֪ǻ᲻ʧɱ
еַ㣬Ψʱ¶֮ɫʮǶʮЩ˾˵ĿҲ޷ִƽ
ܱϣ֮˾ǿߣһҲĻңʧء
ǰ˾Ȼûܵ˿Ӱ죬ΨַΪ˻ĵһǿߵļ
ҲɻԼôַǿأ
˶˺һᣬľţΨԼַģַĻҵʱɱԷ
ַûʲô£ΨľȻЩҲַĿӣЦһ˵λѣӦòʶɣ
ţһμ档
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һᣬ˵ĻֹƳһŰɱķƫƫҲǴи֣ҸŰɱһ£ƫƫǵˣֻϰҵķۣȴͬ⣬ҪҺɱģƻҵĺ飬ֻдɱˡ
Ψһ˵ҪŰɱңƾʲô
ЩŰɱŮǣƾʲôŰɱ
ūҪɱūҵɡ
ūҲ硭
Ψͷ˵ˣԭҵһЩ˵ĲŰѸģ
ð֮踣ƳŰɱŮĿ˶ʮǵǿߣʮܱһϣ֮ǿҲ˹
˻ϲ˳Ψϣ֮ĻֹǰˣΪֹϰǶʼãǵ⣬˶Ը
ַҪɱΪϣ֮⣬ΪΪΪĴݣȴû뵽ȴΪϣ֮ǵͬǼ̫𣬲ŹԼɱġ
ַҡҡͷ˵ʵʲôףһжҪˣΪϾҪˡ
ַ˵仰֮󣬿еȻΨҲַ˼ΪֲѪжûмǿߡ
˲ѣֱһɵȫ䱸
µСͻȻһԾ𣬴һֱֱֱΨȥ
иǼ磬˺ݶɱǻֹҪ۶ҵֱۣ磬ɱ쵰
ַ΢΢һСжѸ٣ǸողѹģղŴûлȥֻԼǿ̫࣬ԼɱŹװȥɣ
ֱղţԼΨԽ˵ԽϾҪ֣ܵһԾ𣬳Ψڵλñ˹ȥ
СΨ廹аԶʱַеĲ豭֮ƷСĺԡ
Сĺڱ򱬵һ˲䣬ǡõΨĻѪˮΨ
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ΨȻһ򲻰Ů˵£ŮˣȴұۣڹֹȵĹУżΪҪá
Ůһնһ첲
ַЦһ죬ȷûлͬվһƬˡ
˵⻰ַͻȻһ֮䣬ǿ߱նԴ
ղַɱĻֹȻնǿߵԴǲõĳ䲻Ϯ֮
һʼСûַĵϸ㱻ַͻȻɵղţΨµʮǿѾַȫ䱸˵ַԹʼʩ
սĻַҪɵʮǿΨҲǲܣƱҪһЩֽţַȴһˣЧʡɵԷһֱûг֡
ֱСͻȻӵԾ𣬲ΨʱַͻȻˮɵС㣬һ֣ɹŭΨʹʮǿ΢΢һ
һĹַٴͻϮָɵֹǿߡ
Ψƿ˻Сʬ壬ܻĽеһϣһҪɱˣ


502  Űɱ߱Űɱ
ΨĻˣô˵С㶼һŮˣһǿŮˣַҪɱҲöŮְɣ
ģ˳ô˺ݶӲԼǰɱŮˣһɱŮ˶ˣʲô鲻
ʵַжλɱС㣬ֱΨϹ֮ͻȻ֣ѾǺݶǽ޳ˣ
ַɲںΨôֻںܼܲŭΨɱ˶ԷΨԼŭҲ⡣
Ѫսַ꣬˭֪һƽģڶս֮ʱǶôҪ
ŭȴʹһʧȥжˮƽʹһ˵ʵۿַۣΪԼһ޳ܵˡ
޳ܵˣһЩ޳ܵ˻Ҫ޳ܡ
ΨַʱַЩֹǿߣ֪׺ѵĵԼĵһĿΨ
һ԰ΨΧԼĻƱػʹԼָţŰĿΨЩϡ
Ψô׷ַ㣬ǲһӺ󣬽ǿȺַ㽣£ʱַŻ˱ĶΨ
ΨЩ󲻽⣬˽ɱԼ£ΪʲôԼ֮ʱȴıأ
ѵҪɱԼĿģ
㾿Ҫʲô
㲻һɱ㣬Щ̫˵СүרŰɱģеˣôһɱ㡭
쵰˭Űɱ˭
⻹ʰɣȻŰɱˡ
ΨҲǱˣѾ˵Ҫһ㣬˵Ľȴʹʮȫûһ֮ء
ԼõıԼԹñˡ
Ψŭַ㣬ͬʱһȭַš
ĩУȻٳԣȴء
ȻͨˣԼıʵģϾҲʵ
ַһҲĿŶԷ˾˵ģҪȻЩڻֹȵŮǽĿ
Ψȭͷַ֮㻺֣ȭΪƣȻ󷢶ȵסΨȭͷ
ôܵģңôץסң
ΨŵĴԳԼҪԷԷҲǽӲƴĻԼȫԽԷһȭɡ
ǶԷһ֣סȭͷΨûзӦַѾһָ£

Ψ̧ͷװ޵ļ컨һĲҽᣬֹȵϿղϻصš
ֹѰֵǿǼĲҽУ˵Ͼ¶˴㵵ı飬ѵҽΨ
˶Ψжǿ߱ΨǶôĿɲ˵Ӧûܹ˺ǸղŵĲҽ̫ˡ
ʲôˣܽǿΨ÷Ĳҽأ
ֹȵŮǸнˬǶԳ˲¹ͷΨһûкøУȷе˵ǶǸݵ˺֮ǣǸ˵ĲҽУŮϲ¶һ˿ϧ֮ɫ
⵱ȻЩŮΨϧǾΪʲôҽеĲﻢʳСС㣬ҽеٶСǼˣһоԵˡ
֪ǸС˴˿ǲҲ˴ùģޱˣ
ŮǸ˷ܵĴмŮĳ˸裬ȫȻԼУʱȥ
ѺǵļǼŮá
ƽʱЩδƤޣǰİŮѪˣǴ˿ҲΨĲҽסˡ
ֹ﾿ʲôˣΪʲôܰΨңΨǸ쵰ˣԼǲǻҪȥĵطҷ¹
Щ뵽ЩͷǰŮ鶼ʧȥˣ
ܣֵֹǿͻȻ뵽ʧ꼰㣬˵İǿѾǱ˻ֹȡ
ΨЩ˵Ķ֣ԼЩˣл·
ڻֵֹˣҲ˿µŮǴҴææ·һߴһ߿뻶ֹȡ
ַɿΨֵʱΨԼȭͷ黨ΣȭͷѾȫŤΣҲһģ
ʮָģ˿ΨʹɱĶС
쵰ƴˡ
Ψշһţݺַͷ
ַҲһ߳˵Ľżڿ漴˳ȵ̬һ̶˿У·
ַһȲգеΨҲͻȻֹһɾʹΨĽżϴ˹ȫĽżϵĹͷһĶѣһֱѵĴȸ

ΨһȸղŻĲҽֹܵܵĸˣŮǵ泩ˣŮһõĴϳ
ذŮЩδǵɫѿˣѾģΨǸô˲áԼҪʧҵˣ
Ψݺݵˤ˵ϣϵĺͽذ嶼ˣַѾѹϣΨһַֻץ˹
ַһָֻץסΨĴĴָһקһĲҽУΨĴĴֱָӱַָק
ΨʳָָָָͷһһĴϣקΨĲҽͬһ㣬಻ϵ˻ֹȵϿա
Ψ˿̺һֻѾϣһֱַֻץס˿ܡ
ҵʹʹΨݶҧˣѪˮ˵һҲǼݵˣôֶŰӣб£͸һʹ죿
ƳŰɱŮĿʱûЩŮһʹأּ˵ֶĥǣô̾ߣ֮ǰжô𡭡
ǶǰˣֶһǮģʲôԣ
ַͻȻЦЩŮǲ԰ʲôϵҶ࣬еĦҲѪȵֶζԸǣҲΪǿǷ㣬İõŰɱǡҵǿǲҲʸֶŰɱأ
ΨʱȻϣ֮֮кĳޣ밵֮û̫ĳޡ
֮ƳŰɱŮĿӭгһ棬ʮ˲Ѱ൱һ档
ҪԽǮĿźԥƳŰɱŮĿĿǳ˻Ǯĩ֮һ
ַ£֪ЩŰɱŮǰǶôʹࡣ
ַҲ˵ĺףЩŮ֮Բҷ߷ˣҲΪǵԶԶԼ
ĩУʵһУԼԶԶЩŮſɾЩŮԼЩŮ
һԼǿӵ߱ԼҪǿԼչŰɱҲƺ֮С
ΨͻȻ˵ˣַҲ˵ڽΨָؽȫק֮ȡΨĽָȫն䡣
һʼΨͬһֻ׵ķһƴİˣˣˣɤӺˡ
ֹȵ˶ڲ²⣬ʲôĴڣܽΨĸǿңǸ˸ѵ¶ʮǵľѪǿߵı
ַպΨµѪˮڽ׵ǽϣдһ֣κβɱΪܵĳͷΪ䡣
Ψ˿Ѿ˰֮УǽɷһѪ֣ҪȻһһ֡
Ǽʮдɷ裬͵Ľ֮и͸ǿҵɱ֮⡣
˭ЩֿˣҲǽĵཻ͸ɱ⡣
ַЦЦԼɱ¾дּȻԾѧʱּиǶɱ֮⡣
ַԼּȻ⣬ĽѪ˵ǿǣڿԼּֿЩ˼԰޼ɵɱΪӦûһЩ˰ɣ
Ǹýһеʱˡ
ַΨǰΨѾֹͣ˰ַ㣬üΪ˻Ƶ˵֪˭ˣǷ˳ǵַ㣬ҪȻûǿ󡭡
ѽϲ¶ˣ
ַ㣬սΪʲôҪ࣬һǷǲֵļһ
Ҳ࣬Ǳİ࣬ͬ𡭡
Ψ۾˵Ⱳӣַĸǿ֣֮Ҳֵˡ
Ψҿģַû˿ͬ飬Ҳûκıʾ
Ψ£ôİŮŰɱôŮΪŰɱҲ֮С
ַΨľ߸߾˴ǰΨӴ˳ȥ
Ƕʮ¥ΨѾ֫ϣȥκҴĵ
ΨɤѾˣڴӸ߿׹ʱ򣬸ûзһ˵ֻ·Ħʱĺ
Ψ崥׵һ˲䣬Դһ¥µĺϽУʵǿ˿Ψرüأ׹֮ԴŻ˺Ͻ棬ϰȫ˽ȥ
ַ㿴¥ǸССĺڵ㣬֪ΨѾˣһַһӴԾһʧҹС
Ŀ꣬л̡
ǹµһսδɱ࣬мΣ׷˰֮ǵĳ£һ֮ϣ֮֮սȫԿ
īΨеİ࣬Ǵ˵ġ
˲ݣ


503  ô
ʲôīˣΨҲˣ˭ɵģһĿ˭
ղŵõĿϢл̲ɵóһͷ亹Լī㣬ΨĹϵߵǸ˵һĿ᲻Լ
һֱл̶һȺãǽץƯŮŰɱīΨİŮʣµġ
ż׺ƽץһЩƯŮҲҴץȽƫƧĵطЩŮŰ
ЩŮֽǵʬȥ
һ죬ݲؽĵص㣬ûüŪոץŮӵ˹̵֪ͨ
ЩŭĸڸղţīΨȺһµɱˣϣȥһ£ҵɱǸˡ
л˶ʱȫޣѽīΨʲôˣҲ˵ߵˣǱѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزȻɱˡ
ȻɱīΨȻɱԼԼȥ£ⲻ
Щ£Լī㣬Ψ˽һ򲻴ϵǸ˵ĵĿпܾԼ
뵽ʱеâڱ̰ȥīΨһ£һϽǰȥ¡
رҴҷԼľ˾
л̰ȥīΨֳϽɫһӱüΪѿȻ֮īΨжô
Ǹµ˼ȻɱīΨԼȥ飬Ǹ˻ĻһƽԼ
ԼȥĲ£ȥʲô
лˣɲòȥû취ٸһѹѽ
¶˸ʿ̳ģиǴ⣬ֻҪԼˣ֮زز
Լڶʮǣȥ𴦻ҲˣԼܲΪ˹ԼС˰ɣ
л̻ص˾ʱ򣬲ųһǰֲ˾ϳ
ʮǵĴԪ˧ʵʲҲһ˾ѣлµҪ֮һҲǸս˾
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ʮ˾Դ˼Ϊһļ𣬺Ѫ˵֧֮£ȴͷȥˡ
ҲҪԼƽƽ⻹ɺͳ
پ˾׷׷лԺţлȴЩ˾ָ˸Ųʣûϱ̬˾޿κΡ
Լľ˾л̻Щǣ԰ѾеϽһΪš
˯ʵϽԺＯϵʱлĵ˵ͷЩԼ˯̤ʵһЩ漴صԼҡ
лǰŸߣʮϽ׷ʺл̵ЩѾôһ£ԭлڵõīΨѶ֮µҪŰǸ˹š
Щ˹һˣɱ붷޳ī㣬ɱ뻶ֹȣŰɱΨ¼һֲ̿
лټҲ־£лǵĳ٣ֲòЩиΣǸǧҪ
Լȫ棬л̳־ĻԼңԼľ˾Լ¾棬ѵǸƾһ֮ɱɣ
һţл̵ĶͻȻһӶһǿ뿪˵档
л̶ʱǰһڣˣԼǧ㣬ԺﲼôཫʿػԼȴû뵽˾ȻԼػ˾֮ǰǱ˽Լʲô㵽ˣȴû㵽һ㣬Լ쳹ˡ
ɫȥŮˣ
л̵һĲ·Ż˶ԭԼҵǸĸϻšԼĶ䣬Լ˵档
лӿһ˿⣬ԼҲǱǸµ˵ڴ˿̲ľԱһ㶯ΪǸɱˡ
ѽ˵ֻ㣬űŮأǳȥִйȥˡ
һл̻׳Ů˴һɣлִ˵ϣǸоԼĶҪˡ
лǸŷɻֻ׳һ˵ִйҿǳȥŪŮ˲ģȻòƯҲ룬һôģûЩĴƴ˵˾ˣһС䶼û˻㡭
л̵ԽԽлȴûԲԲĴϷ¶ɵ΢ЦѿֵЩΣȻЦģȴ޲ȥ
л֮Ҳԭġ
ĩлֻһͨ࣬ȴһ࣬Щ꣬лܴ֮һͨʿ˾λãȫΪһ뺷š
˶֪лǹµһսȴ֪л̵Ųǹĵһս
֮л̣ҲΪһ޵еš
Ͼ˾֮жʱ䣬лΪԼϢˣ㽫ڻֹеļ˴˾СеŭͬƵһˡ
л̵ļˣСüϵһֹȵǼŮˡ
Сɱл̵ļ֮Ȼòл̼״ͬһСС߹һһҹǸ뺷Ů˲ƹ
ԴԺлҲѰŮ˴ؼңɫȴû˿ڳһרݲؽ
֪ǲǾѹЩ⣬ץһЩƯŮ֮󣬴󲿷˶޳뻶ֹȣƯļλŵŪ
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յ˽ݲؽıûļ£õīΨϢϽصԼ˾
Сţ죬ƲȲģл̸ϽƵС󣬸һֺõ˵ŴˣС̳Ҷ췢ģִйȥˡ
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Сϵţ˵ĺڹ⣬лС˵ػ֪ˣ޳īϰ뻶ֹȵΨϰ壬ɱˡ
СʱһǳīΨĿֲڣΨȫҲûмĶ֡
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Сٴеʵǵǿһ˶ˣ
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Сüͷ˵ɱΨһͨˣ˾ǰĵһǿ߳ϣǸ˵Ļòһо͹ҵ⼸죬ͲҪȥˣȻҪԼСҲҪ
СѽϹȻãҲʵʵ˵ɣҵĵġˣҵǼҵĻô죿
ڣǰĵһǿ߳ϣҾܽж˿顣
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Скգ̫ˣԼңЩҲͰˣȻԼˡ
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504  ɱ
Щл̵ĺպսʵ϶Сµģл̵ж㣬Сȴﵽ˶ʮ㡣
ͬʻļ죬һĲ࣬Ҳ᳹׸ıһ˵˳ɰܣҪ˵ʮĲˡ
СȻһĿˣˣΨɱĸǿߣвԽţлǰ¶һٴеģ
С˵ʲôҲ벻ףŮ˻ˣô̲˿ɲأ
ַԵúУһں˵šһϸɵīΨ쵰ָϵˣɱ쵰͸չˡ
лַ̿һߺȺһ˵ģɵð˹ȻװǻƣƲˣҲöһƹʾаɣ
սǰȺƣеëȣ֮ͬ
ַֺһСں֮ͻȻնֱԽС䣬һȭ

л̵Դֱӱ򱬣ʬ浹ȥ
СͻȻҽһ·ַղһȭԴһ㣬ȻԶԶɷ򣬵ȴǺܴͳŮˣΪɷԼ졣
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ǸħȻȴϸģΪֵ˯ˣʵһǾ֪ˣֵֻ֪򲻹ǲװ˯ɡǸҲûп˿ҪȻղһɱֵڡ
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ǵαװΪʲôȴɱأ
ҲǸ˸ͲмɱСɫеֵǶǺˣ˭£ǶҪ˵ʲôҲûпŴԪ˧֪ǽװ˯˰ƤŹء
˵ļǣҿɶǺˣҪʱ˰


505  λݽ
ϣʮڴһըԵţ޳ī㣬ֹϰΨµһлԼСһҹ֮ȫɱ
⼸κһˣµĴڣȴһҹ֮ȫɱ˭ģ˭ܹһ㣿
һµ˸ǳһֵĽ㣬īΨ̫֮Ļлȫɡ
лƺͲµǸ˻˾ǰеĽټȻˡ
л̵Դֱӱ򱬣ޱȡ
СûκƣѪ˵ǿڿСʬ֮һ¶϶С౻һȭˡ
ںĵУ˱ԽԽ
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˵Ϊ̣֮ϣ֮вͷΪΨһĴԪ˧ΪѪǿߵ֧š
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ϳֵĻĵһĿӦԼŶԣֵī㣬Ψˣذϲֵ֮Ŀ
ֻҪԼ̨ˣǱлʮǵĴԪ˧ˣذϲ֮аԾ裬벻¾ȻǿߣԼһСӦ﷭Σա
ͻȻ˵ȥذϲ֮һһһ춯ҡУҪѪ˵ļλϹΣʮҪдҪˡ

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᲻Ǹ˹Լʵأ
Ŀǰûͨ˵ĸ˿ͨطԼʵҲǾܣ˶ذϲµˡ
ϽҲЩص˵ȻذϲߵǸҹɱ˵ֵĻذϲʵ󳬹ǵԤϣ˵̵̨֮пϳĴԪ˧ְ֮
֮صĵ˵ͷذϲ˸Ļ쵹̨ˣҲֲԼʮǵĴԪ˧ҹǸµˣذϲλˣǲһأ

ذϲЦſַ˵ҹī㣬Ψл̷޶ˣ
ַĵԼ֪ˣ˵ȻһΪԾģ˵£֪˭ģ
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ַ֪ԼڼŮԱʱ¶ذϲ壬Ȼ³ȴϸ緢֮֮ôʹǳɱ֮ҳ
ذϲģֲҪԼַʵһ㣬㻹ʲôķ𣿡
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ַ֮ȻûذϲȴȷǷ֮
Ӳͨһ˿˿ƲԼݣֻԸԼ̫Σû˵Լɡ
ȴ˵Լ̻ѣ֮£˭֪Լ̻Ĺϵ
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ذϲʹյַߣѹ˵ģŮԶҲй¶ˡ


506  ѪȺ
ַĬȴذϲ湻ݵģΪ˷ֹйܣСŮŹַҲòϣذϲֶεȷЧ
¹֮ŮԱϲ⣬ŮԱѾˣҲʲôҲ鲻
ذϲĽǶ˵ôǼбҪҼΪЧֶΣ˵صķԱѡ
ŮԱһе֮飬Ҳ޷ҵκ֤Լݵ֤ݡ
ַиоܲȻҲɱ飬ɱľȴ֮ˣذϲΪԼݣϧ޴Ů֡
һ㣬ַ㼫Ϊϲ
ַĬذϲΪַ㵣й¶Ȼǰ˱ΪսѪȴǻľİɡ
Ѫ֮иǸƣַ֮ǿҲֻƾһ˵ɱѪǿߡ
ذϲοַ˵ģлƿƣѾ˴ˣ̾ȥˣҲֲκ⡭
벻ذϲıԶǣַȻͷذϲɫЩε˵ǲΪɱŮء
ַ˵ͷȷΪһŶذϲַڱǰαװԼʵ뷨
ذϲЦˣŮֻǱҹû˿֮ŮӣذϲٲҲŮ֡
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˿ûذϲĲãȻһŵ˵˾Ԫ˧ѾǵľӪˣѪ˵ĳϣڶ֮ϵľһٶ˿ڿ˵Ҫǽɱī㣬ΨԼл̷򸾵
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ַͷ˵Ѿ֪ҵݣŻɳôǿߡ
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ַͷذϲ˵ذ֣СپͰչˡ
ذϲ¶һ˿ɫ
ַ˼ȻеЩ죬뵽ַսҲȻˣΪսֻսܺˣʤս
ĩַ㶼û쵱ȻҲذϲַĿйµľȻбЩͬھ֮ġ
ذϲͻȻЩжʲôвܵս
ַȫԲܲˣҸطȵѪǿȥЩ˷ɢʱٽǸơ
ַĵȫܼΪԼļʮֵܣȻѡѪԼ̵ӲӲ
ذϲͷ˵ַģ̵˳ǽ⼸ʮֵɱ⣬ҪȻǾһëɱˣҲҵ˱ɱ֮ǰ˽ͳȥ
˵ַҪһ˳սٲͬ˵ִ磬Ҫһ𲢼ս
УҵĶ̫׺һչ˲㡣
СĻԽ㲢սȴ㲢սѵƲ𣿡
ҽҲս˵һսѴ򡣡
ַ˵ҲʵʮǿΪҲһ
Լ챻ʮǿΧסĻֻҲһ
Լ񹭣ҪȻԼذϲĽ飬Ķˣ֪죬Լ񹭵ܲɱѪ˵ǿߣ


507  
ַ˾Ӫ棬˽ǧǿѾΧذϲľӪ档
һǧˣѪ˵ǿߣǹµĽвûͨʿ
Ҳ֪ͨʿٶ࣬Ҳסַ㣬ҲûдͨʿһǧˣеĽռ߰ѪǿߴԼ
һǧˣŹ̵
ַҲȺһĩǰԪ˧ĴӱһȺϽŴӵţֻһĳ࣬˵˧˧˵󲻳ֻ΢һЩ
ַҲָòٽǵһμ˵еսַ㣬ٽ׷
ǸŮ˻Ư˱ĵսַ𣿡
˭
˵˳룬ɱħɱħδһܣֻǽ³ˣ
Ҳ˵ѪеκһǿߣǰµĴڣѪ˳һַ֣Ȼ˶ҿԶܵ񻰣Ҫڽ챻ˡ
ѽ˭ַ㣬ˣϵܣȥɱַɣҾû񻰺һЩ
ˣҸղŵĻû˵ַ˾ܹʰ˵ģⳡӲ̣ǿѪ˵Щȥǲոˡ
ַһ£һͷڷ紵ôԺ󣬲¶˱Ů˻Ưգֻһվ·һɽ塣
ǰЩͻȻоԼַһͷ
ַ˵ַ㣬شҶʶҰɣ
ַ㣬뻪ʤϵһĶǶԲҰܶա
δһܵսͻȻվǰ
ַոսǵʱ򣬸ıòΣûϳָòװ磬Ȼһӱ˳
Ȼûмַ㣬ЩǣȴӫƵУսӰ
ˣͬеһ㣬ȴڽͻȻӴ˵ߵ˼䡣
ַ㣬Ϊʲôһҹ֮ɱī㣬ɱΨɱл̷򸾡
֮£Ҳַֻܹһҹ֮ɱôǿߡ
˸ȷţַ㵱ɱл֮󣬵ȷǻΪһƮˣЩҲʼûм
ʣ֮»ʲôַģ
ٽǰԹ̣˭ãƫƫַ㣬ⲻǵڱɱ
ٽиǴ⣬һԼǰһᣬ˶עַˣԼ˻֮ززֻҲû˻עԼ
ЩʿĽȣ̵ʮ㣬Ѫһǿ߾ɱһַ㡣
Ѫǿߵ㡣
ЩѪ˳ϣʮԸĽɫƽգǸмֶԵУǵĵַ㣬ĵһǿߣʤܵսַ㣬ǲŲòһ֡
Ҳȷţﵽİǿߣôһֵ£ҲһҲַʱ̡
һ˵ַ㣬Ϊʲôɱǵ
˭ǵ
װɵǲ˺ܾˣȷʵ֤ݣǵǱɱġ
漴˵һַ룬Լڲ֮ǰѪһȺ۸һɥʬԼʱȷɱѪ˵ļˣһˣȷ˳
һѪǿ˵ַ㣬ϳ𣿡
ַͷ˵Һɱôһˡ
Ѫԩ޳Ϊʲôɱǵ
֮ȷԩ޳𣬵ҿˬһȭˡ
ȻҲ㲻ˬǲǿԽһȭ
ѽֻҪǸµĻ
á
ʹһɫΪģʮһַ˹ȥʮ˵ﵽ˶㣬ÿűֱַ㡣
Ѫʮǿһ̵̣¶һ˿Ц⣬ָʮѪǿɱַ㣬ֻϣַһʱ䡣
Ѫ˹ǿߣʮһ飬ַҲַܻ㡣
ڰеذϲҲһʮѪǿ߸ַɱ
ɱʮѪǿߣɺ滹ѪǿߣѪ˵Ҫʹóսַ㣬ѪǿҲݵˣôʹ޳ֶܵζԵУ
ַ㵭һЦ֪ʱжһѽľ޹
Ѿ޹ȻַʹõĴȴ࣬񹭵ԶԶõ롣
ַıóһѹģ񹭣ǹµĽڰУذϲһĽǣ׷
ЩĿЩоȻûһ˿ַе񹭡


508  Ѫ
ַ㽫˵Ŀ⾡۵ףȻûһ˿ݡ
һ˿ϵˣ˵ӢҲã˵ǶħҲãȻƽĴ֮
һΪ˵۹Ǵģں˵ã˵
һ˶ĿֻǼֱģΪԼ鶼ǶԵģκ۵㣵˶Ǵġ
ԷЩˣԥɱʱԼǲɱˣȥǡ
ĩУ˵ŵȱ㣬޵
Ϊʥ˴ڣ˳ô᲻һأǰ֮Ҳãϣ֮Ҳãĸ߸˵Լһûһ£
ϲ˵ĪƷƲ˵ͮ˵ַҲ˵
ַԼûпȥɱ޹ķ˳мˣѵ˳Ǽ˶һɼ
ѵ˳ǵĽڰоûɱ²ûڼʱԹ
ǵΪֻûбֱ֪ҲǱ˾صǿߣ󽫾
ĩֻ»ҲһµˣַҲûҪԼ£ȴҪԼֱָġ
£ֻҪԼΪǶԵģͻȥΥĵ飬ñѹĲϣ߽ԴҲȥ
ɱǧʿʱȴΪصŮǣҶǡ
ȻЩ¿ìܣʵַ㣬һӽĵַ㡣
ЩĽǣѪ˵ǿǶóŪĿ⿴ַ㣬һѹģй޼ľ޹˶ڵַ̳ϵ
ַȴǺƽм˽ʲô
ЩҲãҲã񹭵Ȼ񹭣Ϊ˵ӶԼ
ַҲΪΧ˵ĳЦܵ˿Ӱ졣
˹ʮѪǿߣַ㽫񹭵Ĺʮת˾ĿУǰûκδϹľ޹һ⣬ŻϢĽ⣬ͬԲεĲһɢ
¡
ҵıըͻȻʮѪǿߵ屻У˵߸
߰Ѫǿߵֱӱ飬һ
Ѫǿߣݺˤ˼ףЩڵϵѪǿϸǶ˼ʮֲѪдɴɵѪܿƵ˳
Щ˵ģȻûеܻܲȥǸ⡣
˹Ѫǿһסˡ
ûϵַһ¹ң㽫߰ͬ飬ͬˣĸ˻᲻˶˵
Ľ߰Ǳˡ
û뵽ַȴ˵лҪֲһδŵ޹һȥɵʮѪǿߡ
ԼŹһһľ
ЩǸĽǰԲе
һԼĶͷѣһԼ˫ۣʱǵľٶܶΪɼǲף
ǣ¾ͺˣڳ˫ۣԺһ²ūٻһӾˡ
Ȼ˱ͨʿȴ⾪춯صһս˵ǻ˶ø
ַȻﵽ˶ʮ㣬ֱ֮ȻеʹѣȻ󣬸ȴ󣬵ҵʱ޴ͽгԲ
ַֻжĻղ£ֱֻͻᱻ񹭵ķֱ֮ϡ
Ѿ˶ʮ㣬ҪȻٿز񹭡
Ѫǿ߶סˣίʵЩòע⣬ǼأǾʹȥʹȥĻֻѪԺ᳹ɨء
ȥĻøղʮѪǿһ³
һϵʮڶǿߣҪ˵㣬ﵽİǿߣֻҲʹղĪһ
ַеǰ޹ַ̫ѾﵽĪĵزˣ
ַ㻷ܵôˣǲҪɱѵǲҹ𣿡
ǣһϣҲҪɱħΪ˿Ͽǡ
˵֮˵λǿѪѪǿͻȻԵİٱ
ΪѪ˵ҫҲҪǰƯƴס
ʮѪǿһ˹ַٴ˹ҡ
һʮ˷׷ױײĺ˳ȥʮ˵ʣµʮˣˤڵأҲ
Ľǣ˿ܵûˡ
ֻԹ޵Ŀ⿴ǵĴԪ˧쵰ҪȻôַɲɱ
̵ϣҲ¶˾֮ɫЩѪǿ߱شȫɱĻƾԼµ߰ôֵַܹ㣿
̱ۣаѪǰܹɱַ㣬ͬھҲá
Ѫǿߵ־ȷȹµĽǿ̫࣬Ȼַ֮жʮ˵ЩȻսˡ
һЩѪǿѾ³ַңһΪڵľ˵һΣҲˣʱʤˡ
ַʧˣַ˼ʮιңٶѪǿȫ˵ϡ
жٶ˵һٶˡ
һ˵Ѫ˳̾һûмֵȻַ֮󷢳ԽԽַɫҲԽԽ԰ס
ַ˿̵ֱ۶ڲַȴЦѪǿ߻ˣѪ˵ϳ̾һѪǿѾеǶ̶̰Сʱ㼸ѵѪ˾
Ѫĩʱڶ̶һʱΪ˻ľǿĹ֯
Ѫ֮ô̵ʱ֮ڿ𣬲뻪ľϣ֮֮ϣΪһʼԼȷĿꡣ
־ɱеɥʬ
ԻĿָ£ȫĵǿ߷׷׼ѪˣʹѪͬѩһԽԽڼ̵ʱڣ˻ǿЧ֮֯һ
ڴĸ£Ѫ˶ΪԼģ̫ҵɥʬʧˣѪʧȥǰĿ꣬ڶʱ֮˶С
ʱѪ˷ֳɣһ֧Ѫ˼󣬲ڻĴϵһصĽɫһɢѪˣΪѪ˵ʷʹѾɡ
Ѫλ˾صĻ᳤վ˳˵Ѫ˾ܽɢϵɥʬҲʧˡ
ЩҲܱΪֻ࣬ܳΪαࡣ
Ѫ˵ʷʹûɣΪѪ˵һӣȻαĿ֮Ѫ˵Ĺģֱǰ׳˺ܶࡣ
Ѫ׿֮£Ѫʮǽ˹ϵҲѪ˵֧£̲ŴӼʮϣ֮ǳӱ
ڵ֪˳ǵַѾʮǣп֧ͬͽذϲѪǿ㳲˶ʮǣѪ˸ǵѪүʧٵĵص㣬ǡַǷط˳ǵıؾ֮·
ʧ˵Ѫү㼫пַϣڵõϢ֮ѪλصĻ᳤ŭˡ
ɳѪǿߣҪǲֶεɱַ㡣
Ѫ˵ΪΪ˽ǶܷŹԷΪѪ˳֮ɵͣһҪ𰵺࣬һҪ밵ƽ棬ƾһ㣬Ѫ˳ǾȻĵˡ
Ϊ˽Ѫ˻᳤ΨһĶַϣܲ
˶ʮǽҵһս
λϵڵϣڿĳһѪ˵Ԫ˧ַѾǿ֮ĩˣҿѾˣֻҪһ֣ɱַӡ
̶ͷ˵áֵǣɰڴһ٣һϣɱַ㣡
ҲǱѡ֧ѪˣҲһֱ밵ΪеĹȻ˳ǵۡ
Ѫ˿ˣҲˣҪ˵ĲƸŮ˶Ҫ䵽˵ϣַ᲻Ź˵
ַϷŹذϲҲŹذϲҪʮǵĴԪ˧ô
һɽݶ˭
ַ̾ƴˣԼ߰ȫҲϧֻҪɱַ㣬Ը⸶κδۡ
Щ㿴ңҿ㣬Ȼûһ˸ǰַ㶯֡
ǵȻ࣬ȴѪǿߡ
ȻϿ׼ַȷѾƣҶһˣ̵Ⱥ棬ȴû˸Լȥðա
һʧˣǽ֮أʤˣҲòκʵԵĺô
еĽи룬Լ밵ûû޵ģ밵ΪУִй̵ˡ
ˣԼαΪأԺһ˵Ԫ˧ѣ˭˶ʮĴԪ˧ҲҪͨԼȥƳʿԼǻһٶѡ
нһֻнղŵĻȫظһߣһͷǾ˭ɱַ㣬ǶʮδĸԪ˧
һϽվ˳ȴûַ֣ǶŹ˵չŵģַ˭ǻĵսȫĽκսΪеΪѻʯѪ˵˲֪ôѾʳˡѵΪǻѪ˵Ⱥ쵰һǷǲ𣿡
ģ֮󣬹̡
Ǽǰȥлµĵɽ֮һǰĵĶ˵лһҹһҽԺιһ֮⣬ʲôҲûп
ʱʹᣬԼɱ˾ħһħƴˡ
ַǰΪԼĳٱʱˣȴһվѱ䣬йͻȻ棬и˹Ȼѽ


509  Ž
һϽվ˵ղ˵Ĳĩɥʬ޵Χ֮£һֱƣֱս˺ճŰ˱ɥʬѹľ棬սǶʮǣǶʮǵˣȻҪΩս֮Ǵˡ
׷սˣɱһзս˵ˡ
̵ɫԽԽѿ벻ƽƴӵĽǣȴ巴ˮǵ淴ˮһ㲻档
ЩǣȫԼȥǵġ
ָЩ˵ЩҴǲôԴҵģһȺĹεĶ
Ԫ˧̣һ飬ȥ֮׷㣬ΪǿһˣǷ˱ǿˣͶҲ֮С
̣ɥĲ񣬴ֵ·ƣֵģ
ѪΨһֺܶݺݵĴŵ棬ԼԴѾַѾǿ֮ĩˡ
ֻҪЩǰ׾ٵĻַ㣬Щ̰Ȼûһǰ£һȺʲôѽ
ѪһӴ֯ô˹һûõѣ
ַ˵ҿԽǵͶϣҲԿˡǹȥΪ
ս
ս꣬Ժս˾ǶʮǵĴԪ˧
ַ˵ȥɱ˹ЩǣֻҲǡ
˵ַѾﵽ;ƿݵĵزˣ񹭺ķѵľַ̫񹭵ֶЩ΢΢ָѪ˳
ЩǶʱϲַͻȻһҪЩַҲ֮УĿǰľڣûвַ˴ڣǲûַΪУǶͶϡ
ЩĶذϲĻذϲɱЩѪ˳ϣҲηذϲַȴһĩַսѾģЩǴǱʶҲȱַĸǿһս
ͬĵЩǣڹµԹ̵Ŀ־ҲѾ裬ַȥɱƽµһˣһʱ֮Ҳ¾ġ
ַüͷһ˵𣿡
ȱʾַϷۺȻս˶ˣǻԥʲôһϣ˭Һ˵ĻǱһɱǸ˵ķ
ãһϣ
Щһŵ̵ʱǲͻȻ֣ƽ߸ϵĹҲˣԼһŭҲԷ
һ㣬ЩеĿ־֮ľȥ
̶ݺݵĶַ˵ַ㣬㹻ݣ㱾Ԫ˧ˣҲҪ汳
˵仰̵߸Խǰļʮֱַ
սСġ
սˣĿ
սսʱ򣬹ɱַ㻹пӦˡ
ڣڵľѾָһС֣㾢ԸǿȻɣԸֻжʮḶ́ȴ⡣
ַֻһС֣һ֣һС

ѪʮǿߣڶʮĹ̾һȳѪ
һУղŻȺ鼤Ľһʱѻȸ
ٽǸ໥ɫղŹַʱЩǲûгֹĻᣬֻǱϳ̣ȴûжֵ˼
Ҳ뿴ַǲѾɽˮĵزˣĻҲ⿴ַ㱻̻С
ַȻӦǵͶϣ˭ַ֪㵱˶ʮǵĴԪ˧ĻƱػذϲһɵˣ֮һɵˣɺģܴĴڡ
ַһң̾ͱ˰һȳѪ꣬ЩǸеԼƭˣղ˭˵ַѾ;ƿݵĵزˣղ˭˵ֻҪǴŵӶ֣ܻɱַ㣿
ٽԼסղԼѪ˳ϵĺƣֵַĻڵԼһΪѪˡ
ú޺޵Ŀ⿴ַ㣬ĳַղѾһ㾢þˣ˿ַ̣ϢʱĻȥһǿߣַܰſ¡
ѵѽַòʱ̣ܴ
þȫʮǵǣַ;ƿˣ˭ȥɱذϲֲڸǹȥɱ
ֻҪɱΪǵĴԪ˧𣬻£ΪɱսĴڣȥѾһֻ϶ɱķˡ
ڵϲϽѪ˳ϣַ㵭˵λԣҲɱˣ
ַͶϵҲлµĵɽԥĳ˽һվ˳
Ǿ˴Ĵָ벻йʱȻվ˼ҵĵ
Ѫ˳ϵҲ¶ο֮ɫǴﵽ˶һʮ㣬ֵַĻؿɱַ㡣
벻»Ѫж
ɼΣֻҪɱַ㣬ѪԺ󻨴ǮҲǲɣϵɫܿͱˣΪûбַ㣬ֱӱ
һҪʲô
ȻϹˣս˭ҲϹʸ˵ɣ
λѾ׷ַ㣬Իڣ̲ס˳ֱѪ˳϶ȥ
л̵ǰַɱ˴ӳʱ򣬴ɵ˹ȥʱͰˣַ㵱ȻעⲻһУȴû
ʱоͰимַ飬Ѫʣµһٶ˶˷ˣ˿Լٲַ㣬ǱĴˡ
һһ㣬ܹ˿һ׼漴˵ڶ
Ѫ˳ϵĴͷ­߸߷˳ȥϸĻһᷢϵϹźı顣
ַ֪Ѿ;ƿݵĵزϧȴ˵ıַ㻹أһҲˣȻ޷ȥɱַˡ
һʼϣЩǵϣȴû뵽ЩˣȻûһ˸Ҷ֡
ΨһһҶֵĽȴĿϣʮǣһȺʲôѽ
Ѫ˳ϵԴ߸߷𣬾Ѫˮ˼£ʬԵڵأЩһ
˾ˣղ϶ƹ̣¹̱˿еһƬѪꡣ
Լȹ̴ˣǸ϶˵Ѫ°ĭԼǲĻڵã϶ûкƶˣԼԴƶˡ
һϣɱѪЩޡ
֪һʱõ˽߰һӦЩűЩѪǿȫࡣ
ַ㶼ûֹЩǣЩѪǿߣ˫մ˰Ѫý³Ҳ๼

ͬһʱ̣֮һĴУһһ³۵һˮǰۿԪдս
Ǹ˳༫Ϊ˧ַ㿴һ۵Ļһϳ˱˵ǺǺģȥûκβֻͬ϶һЩţԴǶñӡ
ǰֻǺһǶѣǵʧˡ
ֽۣǰһ׵ȣ߼˽һҲǰ˧˼ٱ
ۺ壬Ψһевǣڰ֮УȻȫԼȻֻİ㣬ԶԶȥᲢۡ
Ŀһֺ׳Ĵ˵Ѫʦܣô
һԪС϶ѣ񹭣һ
ʦǧ򲻿ɴ⣬СȻȴƼƶˣ̹Ŵ½׸Ūڹ֮ϡ
ʦô԰ұǸȣ
ʦȥԪȻǺܷģʦȴҪַ㣬Ŀû֮ǰҲҪȥ
Ѫͷ˵ʦַģȥԪһҪԪϵİϣָ֮ͬھǸСϣҿʱĻһƽ࡭

һ̫֮԰ϹͻȻſ۾
ȻûͨˮȥۿԪһУǲǸԪһ顣
Ϲ棬һ׷ʵϹôˣ
벻ھǴβҰ֮󣬻ȡѵȻҪȥԪꡭ
ϹҪȥԪһ𣿡
Ϲҡҡͷ˵ǵأԪ飬վҪԪԼЩҵýĵãⱾУһᰲ˽Ȿ͸ַ㣬ַֻǿˣܶԸۡ
˵ϹҪ͸ַ㣬׷һʵⱾ˸֮ϵЩ֮㶼ⱾУһԪ࣬ô˸Ľأ
ϵ˵ͲˣַǸţҲѽ͸պҲдӽвһУȻһˣǰ͸
Ϲ˵ĲһӲѹסַʮ꣬һıһСҿһҲû˿ѹˡ˵Զһ㣬˵Ժ̫ͣҲΪ˵ϷԵı仯


510  ǵĳ
ʮǷǸţųļǧ࣬õϢ֮󣬳¶һ˿Ц⡣
˵벻ֶַΣȻһҹ֮߸ټĶʮǣѪڶʮǵһ򾡣
ϲΪȻ˵ʮ˿ǧ˵ˣʵȴǴǿһ㶼Ļ㲻ַˡλʮ³ذϲҲȤģȨ֮Ǵͣ˶ʮǣȴԼְλһȼȡ˴Ԫ˧ĳƺš
ⲻȤйʮվһƾʵԶԶ糤ǣ¥ǣ人ǣҪ˵˳ĳϣ֮Ტˣ֮ذϲոλڶʮ֮ڻûӮģѪ˳׸㽩ˣȻҪַ㡭˳ǵ̻Ҳƾ˾ذϲԳƴԪ˧Ļֻ»ϣ֮ǵĲ
ϵͷ˵ô˵ʮǶβ򣬼ʮϣ֮ƴһ໥ֻ֮ȻһɢɳûΪֻ֣ǾɧǽҸеЩİˡ
ϵĴ۾˵ڶʮʾãַ˳еİ࣬Ժľڻ᲻̫ƽأ
ϴε֮ѾʹԼ͵һ㣬ƽʱǲκ£ַƾһ֮Ѫ˾󲿷ֵĶǿߣȤ
ֶ԰֮ϣ֮ǵĹϵʮ⣬Żдһʡ
С˵ַһ֣֮ϣ֮ʱ⡭Ҹ˵ֻҪʳΣϣ֮֮ΣԶõζʮܱץˣΪȥĳжôʳΣɵġ
ҿַ֮ǿҲ޷ٵʳΣպʳڸŵĻ˵ᷢ˳˵ĲҾ磬֮ϣ֮ǰĳޣǼ֮ϣ֮ǹϵìܵĵ
ܲĻ˵ĲҪģǾܵĶഢһЩʳۣ֧ܲӳһҪܵĶɱһЩ캣֡УǿߣԺٽͶǵļʳΣĽ٣˿Խ෴ԽΪһָٸ㣬Ҳᱻ޾ļĹеԴ
üһʱ䣬ÿ춼ͶǣϿڲ׳󣬿ʵȴǣЩǵĴԴ
ԺǴŽգļ񱻾֮⣬Щ˵໥ɱѶԷ嵱ʳЩв̡
Ҳ֪ƵĽܼǵĻĹǵԴһʳԹ⣬Ҫ˵⣬ﶼпܷ˳˵ĲҾ硣
ϵľòƲ飬Ҳ֮٣ȻԴޣЩ޵ԴȻֻǿߡ
ϼ˵ܲĽǣһʮǵĦȻƽˣⲢϣ֮ǾͲˣЩѾԹʳϣ֮ǣΪ˻ȥֻ·ߣһ·ǻһ·ʳ߰ǵʳȻǲЩϣ֮ǵˣЩ۵ʲô鶼ĳӦöǱܶԶ֮
ǼǣѵǾŲɣ
ҪţŵĲ´ЬģгкȣЩʲôϲĻҪ˵ϣ֮ǣЩСİ֮ҲʳΣЩԹʳ˻ȷѣһս˿˶ͬھҪ͵㣬ñһȺͷļһǸϡ
ϵĻҲһĵģȻ󰵺ǿİ֮ǣǰĵһǿߡ
ЩͷȴЩЩûʳ˵ûʳƴҲ˭Ҳѡƴˡ
ƴ˵ʳѶԷʳҲǼΨһĻ·
ڶ˵£ЩŲܳǲǰǵĴأЩ˵ֻҪʳԷȫһǿߣҲں
󲿷໥ͬھʱʣµԴ㹻ҴһСˡ
ϵĿ꣬һСˣ

һߴʵǿ˻ıһ֮һ֣ȫǾע⡣
󺺲û̫ΧЩˣųʿ˵ǵĳң
󺺾ӸµĿʿеܲˬһʿЦʲôˣƾҲǵĳ
һ֣ľ˹ȥļʿûüӦ㱻ǿľ˺Ƭ
һڶĽµļ˹һص⣬ŭĽеʲô˾Ȼڳɱˣ
Ȼ˵ǵĳ
˾˵ݡ
ֱһӣǰļʿһǿľΧ˺ΪһѪꡣ
ɫһ䣬ҲȻûпγ֣µױȫҵˡ
˵ڿԽǵĳ˰ɣ
ã
Ȼ֪˾Ǻ»ǻ£ȴ֪˵һֵĻһ̣Ҳһ⡣
Ȼжǰûһ㻹ֵء
ȫǵģȴԼģҾܾͷȥȥɡ


511  ƻ
ｫ㲻ȥѲǣʲô
λһε˵˾һ£λ˾ҼȷģŽλ˴
ｫĻû˵꣬ǰڳѾ¶˲֮ɫ
Լİ֮ǣȻǣٻĴͰ֮ȣڻľڣҲСʵ
һԼһ棬ҲǧѣǰӾʲôˣȻԼԼҲˣȻ񶼲ãҲ̫Լˣ
Էûгڳɫɵһ
Թɫб㰵в˵˭ҪǵĳҪǰݽ룬еˣҪȹ
λҲҪزžˣԼǰȷЩϹأԼǰֻС
ｫΪ޳ܵһЦ˵ĳ£ܼ֮λ˸Ľ˵书´ġҼλ˹棬һͲͨˣš
ｫһƨɫÿһЩȴ뵽ĽԼиƨã
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ͨڣⶼԲֻ໥֮ӶʳܹһЩʵͺˡ
ǺֿտգһͲģ쵽ˣĪԼ䷹Եģ
󺺵ģģ˵λѣ˾ûʱˡ
󺺲ûǰ֮ǵĳǻعͷｫ˵λڿ뿪ˣ
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Ҫ˵ϣǻսַ㣬˵ҲԼ£һڴź˵Ѫˣûҩ裿
Уȴܸ㣬ҪȻ˷ˣסÿҩҪȻ֪
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ûѵͣ⻰Ȼ٣

ڶ죬һ󺺳һ͵İ֮һɻĽǣƽ˵ȥǵĳ
Сʱ֮󣬰ڳǿŽۻɫҩ֮󣬹ȻȻӸһ仰ÿµȥýҩ󺺾Ͳˡ
ÿ춼ڷ󺺳ȵصĳ¾綾ҩ裬Щ£ԼĶƻ
һ£Բ˰֮Ǹ֮
һЩڳĳǣǵǳ˲˼ߣյİ֮ǵһǿ߶ȥ
һ˵үĿǰõϢԶ϶һɼǿڰпŸصİ֮ǣЩǵǼܶ˴ﵽ
̵ʱڣ࣬һ޹أͨҩĴ̼֮£ЩǲҪΪϳңҵͷȥˣֻҪԸ⣬ȫԽЩ˴䳾
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ܲҪĻ躹ޣҪκһϹϵ籩Ҫˣϣܹ籩֮⡣
һ˵͵һ㡭飬ҪҪүַк
Ҳãȥַ㣬籩ҪˣŶ׼Է⣡


512  ̫װ

ַŹװͯؼ
ӷϿͯӦǵһ̫͵ˣҲ˵Լ֮԰ַǲϹʱ
ͯȴ˵˱ˣ֪Լʲô
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ȻʮˣͬŮȣز󣬵ССɲ¶ǵؿڣûԳôȴһЩɰ
ͬʱΧסЦЦ˵㣬ٽ㣬û£ǲõġ
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Ҳַ֪֮ǿȫٶ֣Ƿ˳ĺ򣬵˺뵽ַȷһż񹦣
ַҲǵģڵѾǾѰˣΪʲôҪ˿̿أ
ڣַƿһҳһҳĽӭַڵսںϣַʱС
뵽ʹõؽеĽںܶطȻѧؼԼʮýĸкܶ๲֮ͬ
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һΣַ㻹ǵԼڻɱ˹֮󣬵ʱָͷܶˣڹµĽǣһһ̰
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漴ַ˼Ϲ⣬Ϲ˾Ǽˣ˵ٹһʮ꣬Լսﵽһȫµĸ߶ȡ
ⱾԼһ֮䣬ﵽһʮ޲е۷壬ϹΪʲôżԼսأ
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֮Ϊַ۱ʹѾɣ֮鲼µȴǾһֻֻ۾ַ㶢Ĵء
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ǵĩǰһң߱£Ĵúɽȫ¼ֽϡ
벻죬ȴΪһɹ鱨Աñ˶ãҪá
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Ǿҵˣ˭뵱ӣƷʳ˽ȱһԴ͸ǿߣ֮븻ɵйôҿǰ۵ĲƸٶ࣬ܿᱻ޾ļĹˡ
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ַһü˵Ǽҵȷˣǰʲôϵ
δƹ֮ǰұΪʱƳΪ˶Ը࡭еɥʬ±࣬㽻ܣʹðԽԽԶ񰵺УѾû˰ǰˣΪʲôᣬҲ˵
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ַͷ˵ˣԭСʹ˰ˣ㣬ʲôͻȫǡ
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ȻҾãһǿʵڰвһУ֮ԸıãҲΪʳԣܹȥҿľڣϾҪһǰδеĶˣģʹԼ⣬Ĳ
ַ㷴֮ѣ⣬ֻҲ
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ַ㻹û꣬˷ܵ˽˽֪ѾͷҪַ˵Ļ˸ڹƵ
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˭ԼŮˣԼųѽԼûϣȴ˱ˣдԼҪǸɱι


513  δ
Ҳ˽ȻҲе֪˺Ϣ
˵ԺҲǵˣɱǰëëŵģһˡ
Ҳ˵ҿԺĸףҲġ
ַͻȻ棬ǻ´ǧѽ
벻Ҳ֪ϢˣַһƵҪһůĻʹһ
һڴĿƺΪԼġ
ַҶ췢ģûƹȻɰַаһӣƽ̫ǵĶûС
ѾͷôͻȻأѵԼڵǶɣԼϣڣҪȻô˺ӣ
ַȻǰԼʿȣ˿ɱĶУ˵ַˡ
˺ӣԼȻ˭Ǻӵĸ׶֪ΪԼǺӵĸףԼôһأ
˿̵ַɥȻ˿¹ڳģŮҲ˿ԶԶȥĶƯĻַ仨˿ȴ滨ꡣ
˵˿̵ַʿĻѿʿ
ַһԼ˵ƽģƽģϲԼģ˺ӣҲǱ˸ƭˣѾͷһʧŮѡ
Ѿģ˭۸ԼŮˣԼȫң
ַȻ̲סʵ˵ӵĸ˭
٣ͬʱһΪŹֵı飬ǲַΪʲô˵
ٲ˵ʲôСַһ𳤴ȴµַ㣬һ˵ӵĸȻˣҲǵģְ˶֪Сôûûεˡ
˷ܵСС׿ڴӦҵģĺ֮кŮҪΪ裬Ҳˡ
ַôһ£ԭ˵С˺ӣѾͷðʧһ˵ԼˣֲԼ˵ܹԼ
Ҳǣܸһ棬ͶԼ˵ɣһҲ˷ܵҪŵԼˡ
ԼҲ̫ɹˣѾͷĶӣ˳ԱʱԲԲʱǱƽƽģôҲ˺ӵˣԼôأ
ַЩЦõ˵벻Сôˣ֪кŮ
һЦŮС˺֮󣬱һϲģСȴһֱ粻㣬ŰϢǡСƯǵŮˣһƯ
ַЦһ벻Сӵʱ䣬ǡøԼͨС֮£ŰϢ١
粻Լһ̣Сһеź˵Լδ븸׵ģȷûоչΡ
һԱı˵ԺǺӵĶ裬ҵĵ£ѾͷԺһ᳤ɰ
ҿɲϣԼŮëëţһŤŤȥġ
ѽ˵ӣɰĺҿǺӵĶ裬Ժ󳤴ˣ֪˵ҵĻбһƲģҸûꣿ
ˣʵҾðɣСѾͷһ˲ĸףѾҸŮˣαػһĶأ֪ڹŴֽк裬ûһöⶼǾʷġ

һЦַ㣬СãǱƶˣСٵ˼ȡ֣Сڻڵǻػأ
룡
ַͷ˼ԼǱ繷һԼһ޷⣬뵽СսһĻĻ
˵СַԲŮû֮һԲΨһ
ַȻӵйĪƷƣͮ
ĪƷƣͮһζݵ¶ˮԵĪƷͮҲҵ͵Ůǿˣ뿪Լ֮ȻԻúܺá
ԼһʱҲԼ࣬ǵܡ
Сַ֪ȴʼվ˵ûСԼˣСǲϵİԼ׵ĻԼҲ֪˶ٴˡ
ԼδޣԼδˣºûиչΣԺԼҪչС
漴ַ뵽ǵĺӣ˺ӾδţԼĺӾҪδɣϣӵĽȫĵ˴һոµδ
ַһ˵ѾˣǵŮδ
δ
һۣҲ˵ãҲ˵ãֻһԵֶѣƾֻ֣¾˻ֲַŮŮ
·Ы˰еУ̫ˣ֪ĻΪһкأĶ裬ҷԼĺӽ֡
ĸףȨԼĺ
̫ˣ
־һ϶ѣֺɣĸϣ㳤˳ΪһС˵Ů
˵
һȥģһС˵ģ
㡭ءˣ
ַԽ˵ԽһԴԲ˵ˣϸ˵δֵʱҲЩƿڣڵǾֺܲ
Ҳ˵ַԼŮԼδɰַŮɷһƬģҲֲ
棬ٶַ֧㣬ȻȴҲı䲻ʲô
ַ˵ԵĻֻջԼŮ衣
ƾʲô
ƾǺӵĵһ໤ˣСҲҪҵġ
ҧűû˵ȻַʹɱﵣҲֻˡ
ַ漴ƵƵУСģЩ㲣źӣȴ¶Ҹı顣
СеŮٵƵǰ˵ִ磬ǵŮ
ַ㿴һۣȻǵŮССŮȴһ˫۾
Ů˫۾Ǽ䴿·һ峺ɾ˿˲ԾϲŮ
ǵĺӺƯҲ㡣
ʵϣǸкĻּҾкˣսҲдˡ
ַҲϣǸкŮҲͬϲַͷ˵һŮкеı
ͻȻע⵽һ£ٵ˵㣬ٽ㣬ǷûУҵĸŮһ˫һ޳ܵ۾ҿŮкĻ֪ڳ֮󣬻¶Ůأ
ַȻڮν˵ҵŮˣ㵹ȫĵˣⲻǸ𣿡
ֶַС˵СǺӵѾˣͽδɡ
δ֡
СҰӵ˳ɣǾͿһžˣ
ִ磬Ҳȥ˳ǣҸ׵һһˣҲʱ뿪ס
ַĬһ˵ӦõģСҽߵ鰲һ£ͻȥһˣʱǱһžˡ


514  սȫ汬
ԼȷȥչһСδˣԼְˡ
ַ㻹ûüǣȴõϽһͻȻҵϢ
ʮ֮ǵһ·ϣλεɱһϣ֮ǣں޷֮£ϣ֮Ǳƣ߰ϣ֮Ǳôܡ
˱֪
ŵϢЩУһƯŮ֮⣬֮Ǽɱ⡣
ʣµϣ֮Ƕڼ̵ĳɰĴκƣ
ֱϽһǿϣ֮ϽǵͻȻ֣ǹİڳµ򾫱밵缤սҹնʮˡ
֮ǵĽͷűơ
Ͻһϣ֮˳ǣ¥Щϣ֮Ƿȣڵõ֮󣬳¥ǾܾЩϣ֮ǵȡ
Ȼϣ֮ǵ࣬ǣ¥ϺһɳҲ֪²ܸϵϽ
¥ϸϽĻ֧һ·ĵʳþһ֣һ˭
Ҳǳ¥ǵ˽Щһ漰棬˱˽
ߣ¥ǵļԱҲǵĳܱߣ˰ڴĴᣬɳӪϺһϣ֮ǵĻڴ˻ǣʱǵĳô죿
ȨǱ˭֪ƵĵûֱӾܾϽһϣ֮ǵȣ˵Ҫȫ˹飬ϽһֵǺȴ
ʵϣ⻰ֻ˵ĺˣʵҲһֱľܾ
¥ǵĪƷֱˬֱµЩϣ֮ǣ˵¥ҲڴΧѱϣϽǵġ
Щϣ֮ڵõĪƷƵĻ֮һѪʱˣĪƷƻָ죬˭Ų飿
ַҲǰԽϽһ˳ʵ̫Զˣ˳ɳӪϽһϣ֮ǵĻԷ˳ǵĸ㣬Ҳս
ַ㻹ûöʱ򣬻вİ֮Ҳʼһϣ֮Ƿ˽
ͮ׼ǰ˳˳УóͷĴͼڣش˰
ڹ人޹֮תͷϣ֮ǣرϣֱ֮ӹƣȫ˱ɱ
вһѪǧ
ϣ֮Ҳܵ˰Χг¥ǸǰҪĿꡣ
¥ǵӥȫǵˣ밵ѪսһܣŻ˰ַ
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ֻһط⣬ַԼһǰֻҪɱ˰ļҪͷĿҲͲˡ
񣬻ĸս𴦴ȥӪȣҲ֪ȥ˭
˲ǣ˳ŷ˳ǲԶıǣʼûܵκΰɧţ֪ǲַ֪㲻ǣŹ˳ǣ
ַϽ˳ϣϣø⣬ֻǸİٻǲûвⳡսⳡսĻҲһ֪
ַֽг취ϷԹַ㣬ַߵ̫ٻѾ˰ࡣ
ǣϣ֮ǲϿǣǵɵˣ֮ҲϿǣΪϣ֮ǵİס
£ֻܱ󣬳ֻ˵ַεĻΣڵַĺϢ
ַ㰵Լа취Ļļһٺַϣܲ¶档
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˵βʵᣬˮֹ⣬ּˣѾڷյĲȫֻ¶ʱڼַˡ
ѾģĲΪʲô
ַ㵱Ȼ֪װ񰵺ϣ֮֮սȫ죬ܹ⣬ȻǸˡ
ߣϱϾǰˣַҲҪϰϣ֮ǵֿ֮ǵ֣ԼҲвͶҽԼ޷⿪Ҿ֣ôа취أ

ӰӳڣѪͨԸӦ̫͵ˮԶ֮ۡ
ʦ֣ĵսѾȫˣò˶ã֮ϣ֮ͬھˣַ˾з֮Ҳֹսӡ
ѪĲ
ʦ֣ҼǵӦңֻҪ𰵺ϣ֮ǵĳ׶Ӽ޸ңҶѾˣҲŵ˰ɣ
˧ͻȻһ˿ȷӦѪҲֻȨ֮ƣǲԼӼ޸κ˵ġ
˵ǰҶãǰѾ٣ڰռǵ̫Ǻ˵ѾҶѾûκιϵ
ٵһ̣ѾҶûκιϵˣյѧ˵ҲĽ
ڻ֮ѾҶûκιϵǰֵܽöĳЦӣ뽫Ҷ֮򳹵׻ٵ
ҶĹϵûжҶҷѡ
ҶҵҲ֪ôһ£ȫϵ۶Ҷ糤ĸ顣
һ۶ҶĹϵ䵭ҶңҲͷˡ
ҶһңҶ߶ҶҪɱַ㣬оͺֲܲΥ׵ֻӲͷƤȥۡ
ۼҶ֮󣬱ֵıκʱҪ顣
Ҷ籣֤ȻҶûκθ飬Ҷ绹ӣΪҶ磬Ҷ֮ҲܵκӰ졣
ǰ۾ͲԼӼˣûѪԵϵ֮ȻҶˡ
ڵǱã֮δļ̳ˣѵ䲻ҶСͨŮ
۵ûȫָ޷ԼԪŰѪȥѪ۵ʦܣȴ۵
ѪһοҶ磬ϲĳһЦݵĺȹŮµʱû³֮ҪҶ޸Ҫ
ʱû˵ʲôΥĴӦѪ뿪ʱȴ¶һ˿ɱ
۴һرˣ˵һսϹĶԼѾˣȴϹϹ
ϹǶԪǻмԼƫƫҪԪһУֻΪ˵һڶ
ЩõˣûһԲճѪǲ֪ЩȻҪ۸е޷̡
ѾָĲˣȻǰǨѪȥĸֵܽõ鶼ϣȻ֮ͬ굱¡
۳ĬѪЩ˵ʦ֣˵ôӦҵģҪȻôܵԪΪ¡Ҳ֪õĸ飬Щ䲻ãзǷ֮Щȫɱˣһϸ÷ѵѪ֮ǿ䵱÷𣿡
һü˵ҶС
ѾСˣҿʦҲģ֮򣬺ܶŮ䣬ѾкˣʦԼŵԣ
飬һҪȡҶԼһҶԼԸ⣬һǵĺ¡
ʦֿɲ˵ģʦ֣Ҿ㣬ҿ𰵺ϣ֮ǵȫսֹⳡսɲҪңҪȻ֪
۵˵һȰҶӵġ
˵⻰һĹˮӦ
ҲǸоԼѪ̲ס˼쵰

ֵַõ˳Ǿ˾ԽȣԽ棬Χڳһİж֮࣬Ѿȳȫ˿ڻҪһء
˳Ϊϣ֮ǣнˣȥԼԱ˳ܹʿԲᳬһˡ
ȴ⵽˶򰵺Χɱ¥ǣ人ԼϽٵѹˣ¥ĪƷӥ人нƼƶ˵ͮﶼ⡣
Ͻǣе̨ͨϵĵһսǿ
ĳɳٶ˿Լеǹﵽİǿ߶ʱҲ⡣
ȴˣǲǿȻǵĻ״޵УǵĻϾ̫٣֮ǵʵ̫ࡣ
Ϊʲôò˵ĳǣȴ˱¥ǣ人ǣϽǶöİأǲǲ߻νĻ־ڳһأ
뷨ַ֮뵽˺ܶ¡
ǾڳǸӰӳҲﳤǲԶǲԪԽԪռӵڳǸ˳ǵѹҪԶԶܱأ
ַվȥӪȳǣһ人ǣ¥Ͻǲ⣬һǳǵѹʵ̫
Ҫһǣַ뺢ӾڳڣǱˣԼźô죬δ˫˫ַۣ˵ʲôҲҪӪȳǡ
ַֺȫĵսʿԼϣ֮ѹ
սʿͨʿһǵҰǿкǿͻΧ
ҪǣЩսʿҪκκڱϣû˵ʱԽɱİʿϵѪ⵱ʳ
ϣ֮ʿһˣǹȻ⣬Υַϣ֮һֱԼ
սʿȴ⣬ǳ԰鱻ˣϣ֮쵼Ҳ԰ΪսʿĸΪϣ֮ľ޹ء
һΣ䵱սģ˵Ǳ鲼ڻĸصսʿ


515  ǿ
ҪȥҵĸŮⳤ֮һٲ˱С㡭
Ҳһ˵ַ㣬֮ڳǸвߣȥĻҲ԰һѡ
Ҫȥʾ˵ϸ磬һΣҲҪȥһδĹùãһôٵң
ַ¶֮ɫԼ᲻ˣֻ᲻ˡ
˶ϣƺҲЩףֻ̻֪࣬᲻ˣôأ
ȥС٣ҲȥãͲҪȥˣ
Ϊʲô
Ƕǳ࣬ȥ˿԰ң㡭
ԭƲңðɣҲȥˡ
ڼַּһж˵ҵʶѽ
޺޵˵ҵĻû˵أֻҪ㲻ȥһӶˡ
ַһ֪ԼղϹۣһһܵڣôòأ
ӣԼÿγȥͽкѻˣһΣǾòˣ
ַðɣһȥΣգסˣһҪ취ܲܶڳǡ
ַٰһ˵ѵΪˣǻ𣿡
仰ʱַж档
ԭԼǵҪ˵ҲԼĸ̫Լˣ֪ɳʲôɶ
˵Ҳɳɵ̻Ҫǿһ㣬ⲻ˵Լû飬Ҫ˳Ǹ
ԼˣҲҪΪ˳˵Ժ룬Ͼ˳Լһֽģ˳Ǹǵĺӡ
࣬磬񶼳˷˳ҪĽɫΪȫǵˣҲӦΪԼɵ¡
٣ֻԼ˵ĻΪԼ뿪Լһ뿪硣
Է˳˵˵ҪԶ̻ŮǵԸҲȽϵ
ַаԷģΪܹԼҲҪһеĻȥ
زסˣԼŲɵ볤ǹأԼСĸŮߵһ֮زز
ֻҪ˷˳ǣԷ˳ǵеļǧҲ򲻽
γ֮УֻҪԪʷǰǿ߲֣Լ٣ôǿһ֣СĸŮȻҲʲô£
ַ٣Ҫ̵ʱ֣ʤǡôӺԻڵַ֪Ҫ󳤰ǵʱҲʾҪַһȥ
֣ʤҲ֪˳ǵ⼸ǧ·;ΣķַȻǿ밵ķȦ˵ҲϾ޴ΣգֵżҪַһȥ
ַ֣ʤܾûһˣԼһȥԼô˼ܾأ
ڵ֪֣ʤҪȥ֣֮ʤŮҲҪһȥ
ַ̾һԼһȥǵģһȥԽȥԽ࣬ȥⳤ֮ΧȥΡ
ַ٣֣ʤŮ򳤰ǽ
Ĵѵǰ죬˴ģľӸҳǻ֮⣬һʿսʿϣ֮ǻ߻ɽУҳⱻڴס
ַȴûⷽĵģһˣٵﵽٶ㣬Ҫǵǳʡ
֣ʤǰںϻɱһͷǿıͷ֮Ҳﵽ˶پʮ㡣
֣ʤ춼ں캣ɱս˵ΪʵҲҪ֣ʤһ
Уıˣֻжٰʮ㣬ֻжʮ㡣
Ⱥַ㣬֣ʤսǿڣֵ˳ֵĻᲢ࣬ǵһҲûʲô
һ죬ͬһڻĴϼۣż·һЩĳУҲûϰ֮ǵĴ
һһССǣսĴݲУСԵķˡ
һ죬֧ʱϢ֣ʤò˵ַ֣ʤһһΪӢľ
ַߵ٣ûһ˻ַ㷹ȻĲս񣬲ǱķǳʦźһȺСŮǣȥҲ±Ц
֣ʤ㸺ļ
˵죬֣ʤÿ춼־ļȣѾͷԵüЦ
֣ʤҲǳʦ򵥵ĲȣȻζȴȥǼ
ŮǸ⿸ַ֣սǱַ֮˸ָĶ⣬չԼա
֣ʤֻһŮˣ⿼ȴãԼŮ㣬һȴǷſڵС̫Ůַ㲻ɵðҡͷ
ʲôʱԼҲһ⿵ĺŮϵãµóʱԼҸˡ
ǰˣַϼĽ޵ģ˶Է˼
һЦ÷۱ַ㣬˵ַ㣬ղϸ⿣ѧ˺ܶණŸԣҲдҳҵա
Ȼǻ飬ַȴëȻĸоķ˵һΣⱲǲԵڶˡ
ַЦе˵СѽͲ鷳ˣҾʤŮѵķľͺܲ
ǲܲһ·ܽǸ԰ɣ
˵Ҳǣ¶һ֣ǳԡ
͸µַ⣬޺˵ԭǲԸķߡʱҵ⿼ǰǿһأ¶һֵģȴҲҡ
ûУҾûǸ˼
ðɣ쿪ʼҸһµķ㳢ҵգ㲻ҪܾѽҪȻұΪƲҡ
һ£ҪҸһµķɣͬѧ÷ֱ˴˵ģ
ַô˵ٶִ쿪ʼԡ
ַ㰵еùԼҪһµķˣҲ£һ죬ԼͿԸҵˣ˳ǣȻᰲ˸Լ
ٵգԺԼðɣ
һ··ļϣ֮ǣЩϣ֮ǼһƬ棬ǼҵĴ򶷺ۼѪ
ǳȻûзһսʿʿʬ壬δԵЩ˼顣
ʳ仰ַֻ֮̾Ϣȴû˵ʲôȻôһ£ֲֲ̫˵
֣ʤһЦΪʲô·Щϣ֮ǿһˣܼ򵥣Щϣ֮ڰ֮Ǹƺ󣬳ץˣЩȥʬҲˡֻܿ﷢ҵĴ򶷣ȴûп˵ʬ塭
ɫͻȻúܲ԰ףٲ£Ҳ֪߳ʬʲô벻Ѿ˳˵ı硣
ʱԶһЩϸ΢۾ԲˣһȵʲôˣϽҪҪˣ
ַͷڳȻȴûиܵԷɱû
֣ʤеǶ࣬ȻѾˣΪʲôأ
֣ʤ캣˼սоҲüŲղſǵĲǰޣǿߡ
ǰĻԼƮǡ
֣ʤ⻰˵֮󣬲Զһ˵ӰǸȻúںݵģȴҲȻж
Ǹǰſе¶̰֮ɫ
֣ʤһ΢Ц˵ʲôˡ
˹۲ַһһۣеǣȻûпַһ˵ǿַ֣ʤǿһԵٵˣҲϸ
һ£˿ϸ֡
һͨˣڵ޷ԷӦڵľһǿŽһ˿ϸ
ַ֣ʤĻ˵Ҳز¶ĸǿߣȴ٣ҲǸǿߡ
һڳδ֮СһСѵҲǸǿ
˾Ķ֣ʤ˵䵽һսʿһл⣬ŸϹػ֪һ췢һҵսڴϣ֮Ƕڸ˺ܶˣȻսѾˣ𣬺ױİľӷֵģ
ַ㵭˵ǼȻޣͲΣգģҲǺö춼ûгԷ˰ɣﻹʣһЩʳȥɣ
ַóһ鿾õӸˣַȻʲôˣ֮ܰһˣǻġ
սǱ֮޾⣬ңȻе⵱¡
սʿӹ֮дپһᡣ
ԼûԹˣĸ»ǰˣǰزʶʲôˣȻ͸Լһ⣿
˲ûгԵе⣬ǳŲԶһڡ
ʱȻм˱Ƕ棬˶׳սʿҲмͯŮ
Щ˶һͬ㣬ǾǸƼݡ
˰епָǼŮ뺢ӣȴûгһ㡣
ٶսʿԼѵ촽һĳм˻ͣĳݵʹɫ
ֻҡҡͷ
ַԭίЩԼ˶࣬ȥԼʳȻͬǵһҡͷ
ĩУֶ𱨵кܶ࣬ǰҲ֮УַԳǿЩ̫࣬Ҳʲô
֣ʤҲͷЩԣǸ¶һ˿Ц뿴Щʲô


516  صŶ
ݵȻ˵ͷ죬ַһ˵лλʳ֮ҵû
󣬺˻˻֣ʾ뿪
սʿϾ¶ĵģﴫǾͶ϶Щ˻ʣʳûгԹ⡣
ЩˣЩѾһûԹһʳˣΪʳǿκƴݵȻ֮кţںһ֮䣬ٶսʿȥ
ҲֻҪЩ˵ʳҾܻøһЩջ뿪
ɷϣǸƷµˣҪȻҲַ͸ʳָЩĺŮˡ
Щսʿͷ죬ΪԼܹȥԼ壬ҲԼµǿַ˵ʳ
ҲףǰŮͨˣҪȻҲҹȻҹ⡣
Ȼûг⣬ǿ̺ḻֻǿڼϵıϵѪ⡣
Щ˼Ȼڼ֮ϵı޵Ѫ⵱ʳȻּԼ˸ЩĻֻԼһһҲ뿪
ЩƼݵսʿεȥ٣Ͼ¶˲֮ɫ
ǵлв⣬Щʳ˵㲻ʲôЩսʿ˵ҲԾǵ
ַ㲻˵Ҳš
ַ㿴ˣ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ŀֹ֮ͬǹ⣬֪ͼмԼ֮µԼҲǲԼ
ղ˿Լ֮ʱɵ˵ܶ⣬ܰԼ͸ָЩŮһ㣬ҲַϿɡ
ַҲԼٵ˶ͷۻһȺʳԣĴĻҲ˵Щ˵ʳ
ԼȻЩزʶ˵ƽΪߵܹȥַֻѡزʶ˲̡
ڼǰֻҪùԷԥ˱˵ʳ
ʳϡȱĻַҲǸһȳԡ
˵˺Լ˵ŶȻСֻҪǲĻƾЩ˵ʣպȻܳΪһŶӡ
ΪŶӵѰŽᣬڼǰҲʳ͸Сͬ飬ĩȻһӢ۱ʱҲһȺ໥ʱ
˳֮нǿȻΪַĴڣںڣ̻࣬磬ű룬ŽһγһΪŶӣ˽ķ˳ǡ
˵ַڷ˳ǣ˳Ȼǻǿϣ֮ǣΪ˳ǲַһˣһǿŶɵġ
ǰ⼸УȻвû̫ǿĴڣȷһŶӣַ㶯˰һѵ֮ġ
ҲڼһѣʹδĻģһҲ˵
ַ㵭˵λѣﻹһЩʳҿҺܶ춼ûгԹˣǾ͹һٰɣ
˵ŶУŮ뺢սʿȻĬǰĿˡ
˴֮⣬ղַ͸һ⣬ѾмˣַҪ޳͸ʳⷴк˾
ĪЩʲôͼʳջԼ
뵽ЦˣԼٶˣ˵޳ÿ˸ǶûԷˣЩ˾ԼϵõʲôҲǳ롣
˲˵Щ˶ûʲôֵǹģҾѸʳΪ˴ϵõʲôȻǻΪʲôأ
ַɫƽ˵гԲ˵ʳֿһȺٴ࣬ǻ᲻ǣ
˵ͷ˵ǵʳȷʵԲ˵ĻȻˡ
Ұǵˡ
Ȼһɻʳ˶ȱôʳ︻ԣĳԲأ
ַ˵Ļֲſڿӣһȭ˵лЩܻĻǼλ˸ģ֮ʱк񱨡
ȫ˳һˣ˽ЩгСȥ
ھϣ֮ǣõʳǿʳãԴƣֻкķݡ
Ŷǡǡ෴ʳЩˣǿȴõʳ
̣˶ڵȴûзκε
󣬾˶ֵһС⣬뼸ʮǿǿߣȴûзֵЩǿȴɫƽһԹԡ
Щ֮ϸļԣַ㿴ѡ
˶ûгԱʮ˸һⶼûгԵַûעʱ̣ȡһ쿾⣬
óһ鼸ٽ⣬ݵиǲ졣
ַһ˵ģʱЯߴ⣬ղҲ棬ûзж⣬֪Щ˵⾿ŵˣ
һСʱ֣֮ʤһֽһ⿾죬˺ˣмٽ֮أȫЩ˳Եġ
һΣЩ˲ٽڣһΧſ⣬˸߲ҵĳ
Щ˴ż¶ûгԹˣ˵ʮѿһСⲻСĵϣҲȥ
ַû鿴Щ˵ĳ࣬ԼһϢ
սʿԱ֮ѾҹˣԵΧͷ˯
Լ賿죬Ѿ¶˵ĹʱͻȻһңַ㣬֣ʤһԾһǳȥʱǧʿΧסǡ
֣ʤЩ󲻽ַ˵Щʿʲôѵ֪Ƕ𣿡
ַͿЩʿľ죬Ȼһ֧ӣЦЩ˶ۣ˶࣬ŸϹû٣Ա㶫ԡ
ǵʳﲢЯҿҪʧˡ
ַһ˿˵ֻЩʿҲʳЩսʿʳ
֣ʤһ˵ɣǿɶǾѽô飿
ֻһ֧ʧȥ֯Ĳбѣֲбʱȱ޻£ʲô鶼ó˱˵ľЩˡ


517  ұѪ
ַ㵭˵һȺƦѡ
һĩڣĴϲûһֳɰϣ֮Ӫɥʬ٣½ϻϳΪϣ֮ǵĵ̡
Ǳ캣ֵ£սϣ֮֮ľս
һ༸ͳһ˴½ʳļ٣ϣ֮ǵȻթʱ
һЩսܵϣ֮ʧȥԼĵ֮ЩʧȥӪĲбܽʼڻĸεΪ޶ıƦ
ûϣ֮ܣɢʧȥ˾ʳΪ˻ȥЩ˱ܣɺһĲбֻ䵥սʿʳ
ߣɱ൱ʳ
һЩϣ֮ڲȻҲ飬ĹΪԼҲΪ˲ΪĸѵĿ꣬ٳִģɱߵʳĶС
Щɢһˣʧȥ˸ݵأҲʧȥ˵Ŀֻ꣬Ϊ˻ȥȥ
ˣ֮䶼ɱҪ˵زʶİˣĴҴܵġ
ĺ΢΢һü֧ӵȻǿȴʮԷϾѵصľӣЩб֯ҲԶԶԼЩʱƴں֮ڡ
ԶһЩٸǽЩһǰ֮ǵļϸץסǡ
֮ǵļϸһҲܷˡ
ʵЩʿҲ֪ǰЩսʿǲǰ֮ǵļϸҲںЩ
ֻ֧Ҳϴգ賿һȺսʿȻȻľͰѶԷԼľݡ
ҪҲٻһڡ
ǲЩǰ֮ǵļϸЩ飬˵ǣҲǣǰһ
ЩбЩսʿǰļϸó֤֤Լ밵ûйϵҲῴǾͿҲš
һ˿ɫǰ棬Լûеǿ˵λүǶ䵽һ࣬ǰ֮ǵļϸүǣ
ΪһϽεĽȺһۣ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫ
һôˣΪϷأȴû뵽һȺֻЩƼݣ֪ûʲô
Ͻһ˵һǣ֪ǲǺˣк֮£ղɱǣҲӦøмĴ£еʳﶼ
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ЩսʿȻߣЩбҪԶԶǣȻǷŭѣҲǸŭԡ
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ѹŭ˵үƽı񣬼˾үô˽ʳأүŵĻԹһѣǿ˵ѣ
ٵû˹ȥʳⲻ˼Ҳź˵ĻٶˣƼݣһͲʳԣĴԼѣֻʲôҲѲ
߳ŭЩһͲǺöүүΪȫ࣬밵޻бɱÿǰԴڿϣŽЩ̫ƽӣ죬Щʳﶼүǽ첻ǣ
˰Щб޳ܣЩԳΪȫ࣬еȴǼ֮£˵޲Ӧȷ¡
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֪ǲܷЩŮСкġ
Щӣ󲿷ֶȺսʿ˻ֵܣкܶսʿսУǵǣȻܵŶ΢չˡ
ЩŮҲȺսʿŮѻŮˣЩŮѾսУŶȻǡ
ŶֵܹڣҲΪŶӵҪԼ밮ˣ¸ԼҲϧ
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ַҲ֪Ĵ𰸣ȻŶӺŽᣬڵõʳ֮ҲչߣһˣǱһ֧ǧ˵ľΧסĿԼΪ㡣
ֻ֧Ů뺢ӣǾͿ뿪Ľ飬֪˻ѡ֧ӲƴĻЩսʿ
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ĩУַ˳뱳ѣһ̣ϣǰ֧ŶǸ⣬ϣΪԼʹԼ֪ǲԼһԸ뷨
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˲ûԥһһٵ˵ĩУǶһȺˡȺһȴҲеκһˣ
Ͻ¶ź֮ɫղŹȺսʿеǿߣȻǳԺģҲм˵֮
ȺսʿУҲвǿߣĴĻԼһҲܴ
˲żװģû뵽֧ŶӾȻŽᡣ
ϽЦһ˵ȻˣǾȫ°ɣֵǣһϣе뺢ӶɱˣŮԺɱ
ڣ˵̫ˣЩ˳ͳɣȻҪŮˣָ磬ǲڳȥɱЩƦ
ٵȵȣ
Ϊʲôȥһᣬл֪أָ磬ʲôʱѪˣ
ұѪ㲻Ǵӽ֪ɣ
֪ѽָĳֱǰһ㣬ֻּʶһζѡ
ַ㿴治˵ˣ𿴺˸ղ˵Ȼ˵ЩǿսʿЩŮ뺢ӣͻΧȥ
Щ˲ܲʣѪַʵȴ뿴Ŷǲıһ
˵ĩУû˭а˵Լһ⣬Ѿǹ御ˣѵԼҪǵĳԺȣҪǵ
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Щ๼
ǧʿſںţٶսʿ
ʵǿǹѾ޷ĩԽԽǿĽǣǹ޷ͨ͵ƹ
ڵľӣѾȫ˼ǹ
ϣ֮ǵĳͷϻһֵĴͼ֮⣬Ѿ˳ս
ǧʮˮһ˹Ѹٴһơ
ЩŮ뺢ĺˣ㵽ַڵ񸽽Щǿսʿ粢磬һԲεķȦ


518  
ʿͬˮɱǺܿǳ˻˼̵Ĵ̰㣬ͻȻֹĳضλá
漴ǰʿ·ոһһŵĵȥ
ԶΧ۵ϽɫͻȻˡ
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һǰϣ֮밵֮ǵĴսУµʿӣյϣ֮һȫ
Щ֧ӸǱ֮ǵĴں׷ɥ֮ȮһĴأԭȵǧǧˡ
ֻǧʿϽûаǰֻжˣҴŮսʿǷ
ȴû붼ȴһ£ϽеЩ˼顣
һ֣İʿȺսʿȴֻˣ˼ʮˡ
Ͻͷ亹ЩսʿǿЩսʿ֮໥ȴﵽ޷ĵز
˵һսʿһʿʱ¶һսʿʧʱĳ֣סսʿ¶Ҫ
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ЩǣһҲɴЩսʿ˿ϣЩսʿֹסѪ˿ڡ
һȺں֮ڣһС͵ᣬڳڵĥ£Щ˷·һһ뻯һһԵַ㶼İԵͷȷһܲŶӡ
ϽŭˣӵָЩƴֿսʿţȵϣ˵ʲôҲҪЩ֮ǵļϸȫɱΪȥֵǱ𡭡
ϽĴߴ֮£뵽ֻɱЩ˲жԣʿǲҪЩˣսԽԽңбԽԽѾﵽ߰˰١
սʿȻͣǵϾ̫٣һսҲмʮսʧȥս˸Ǵﵽʮˡ
ʹŶܹսսʿһ½˽һ룬ЩҪĲбȻһе˹
ѾƴȥĻԼһջȫսõĽҲ˫ͬھ³
ǿʮͻΧĻЩбǾסǣ˵ЩбҲסǣù
Щսʿս˵ĻЩʿҲЩսʿƴףʿǸ֪Լÿɱһˣڵõ˲ٵʳЩʿҲŻƴ
ȻЩӱǳѪȷӣȻƴɱЩսʿǿһ֮ʳǣЩʿԵø͡
ַһߵ棬ͻȻȵס֣
ַ㺰һͬһڽս˫׷ױõ˵ϣʿսʿеıס䵽˵ϡ
ʿͬʱĿ˵ˣϽһӵɻȻͿ񣬵ȴΪסŵģȺսʿһЩͷ죬ȴû뵽ˡ
ϽĶĤһ㱻ƣȻûʿһ䵽˵ϣҲɫ԰ס
Ŀ⿴ַʱַĿҲǡ
ǵĿһӴϽһ㱻иǰв
Ȼַʵղַһ仰㽫üʿڵأ˵һᶯԼЩˣл·
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˵ĿһֻǿһֻСһ㣬Ҫһڸ̻ˣǸо·һֻӬΧסܡ
ɰС߸߾ͻȻһһ

ԶľٵؿͻȻһֲĴ󶴣ȻʿԼսʿؿڵĴ󶴣ȴûз
ֻһ𣬷·Լ屻ʲôˣٺȻĳԼؿڿȥ
һӲһ˵ϣؿڲ֪ʱһϴĴ󶴣ٸǲ֪ɵȥ
´Ŀ⣬͸Լ壬Զľʱиһ£ԼٶˣԼ˰ɣ
һ뵽ҽһѪˮ磬һͷԵ˵ϣŤһ¶ûУʹ˹ˡ


519  Ҳ¶
üǵ⣬·һĲӬ˶һָסˡ
Щʿи¶˼Ϊ־ı飬·ǿһΪɲħǷǳλٵжôĿֲ
۵ĻǵλٵѾﵽ˶㣬Ѿǵָӹ٣λϽȼˣۻģٵҲԵʵ
죬ԵŮֻһ֣㷢һ⣬ɱ֮ǿͬ飬Щʿ벻𾪶С
Щʿ޷ܵǣƯǵĳ֮仹кü׵ľ룬Ůǰвˡ
ǵ·һСһ㣬ЩѶǵĳٵز
ϸĵʿע⵽ֵʱԵļŮһĴݣ·ɱһǿߣȻ顣
һЩӱȽʿһ룬еЩˣûһߣ˶ɱǿߵ
ԼĶУǿľ٣ǰҲͬһǣҲ͸һˣʿʱǵĽ۹
ֲǵĽһЩˣ֮ززⲻųʶʱ񣬶ʶʱ٣ƯС
Ȼ
ϽҲͬԾȻϵַһҲǺǵĽɫȻûϵЩ˵սǿᵽ˵ز
˵СԶԶһ֣ԼĽˣԼսԼ࣬ǲ˵ŮҲһлԼأ
ЩʿǲǰһУЩսʿΪһз·Σղٵ֮ǿĺˣŮֻǺһ֣ɵ˲б١
Щսʿĵͷҹڼַ֮󣬻˶࣬⼸ʳҿֹǡ
ҪȻؿڱ󶴵ľԼˡ
սʿеļŮ˽Ѿͷǻᣬȴʲô·
ϽЦһ˵벻ֵܻǿߣֵܽˣǣֵǵһ뿪
ϽҲ֪ԼЩ̫ԶҲû˵ʲôɽģˮټһĳ滰
õ֮󣬲ʿǰʼʰͬʬͬʬһˡ
ЩбȥӰַ㲢ûֹǣҲЩȥʿ壬ᱻЩŵʿһؽسԵַȻûֹЩʿͬʬ塣
Ҳ֪ЩʿҲǱƵúް취ȥԼͬʬ壬ҪȻǾͻһ
ַҲҪЩΪԭȥͬʬԻ
˹ַ֣صһϹ˵лλ֣ҪȻ˽Ҫʬˡ
ַ㵭Цһʼû֣ѵ㲻𣿡
΢΢һ˵ʵַȣ֪֮ԼһȺȫ򶥼ǿߣֻҪһʼ֣Լ㲻ʮֵˡ
˽ӿڵλ˸ղŲ֣һвֵɣ˵ˣֵܱλô⣬ûбǵĶ飬ãôұԹλһʼûгְأ
ַ㰵ףһ£ܶ˼Լǿô࣬Լһʼȴûг֣Щ˱ԹԼ顣
ЩȴûԼ飬ҲǱ֣˵Լûаǵ
󲿶ȴ룬Ϊ˱Լǿ͸ðԼƾ˵ǣ֪˽һΪ߳Ƶ
漴ڸ˵Ĵ£ʮȥͬ鱻̧һ𣬲ʵʩ˻ᣬǻҸǱ˵¡
ЩͬĹǻңַ۾ͻȻʪˣȻǰЩ˵ʳԼƶУȻûһҪԼͬʬ塣
ֻǰĳڽ̰ʽеͬʬ֮ɽˮС
һУַҲкܶѣµʳＫƶĺڣ˶ͬʬΪʳȻֽԼͬڷ֮ķס
֮Էͬʬ壬ֱᣬΪԤͬ屻ıٳԵЩҲһЩרԸΪҲὫЩȥ˵ʬӵڳ
ˣֲܶŶӣԼͬʬյ֮ͱͬʬ̣֮
һУַߵͬԽԽ٣֪ٴΣյЩͬʬ壬ǵĹǻ
ַΪĩģһ죬ԼˣԼͬܰԼʬ֮һҸ
Լʬ岻ñɱ޻ųķ㣬ĩУܹѾԽԽˣǰЩȴһȺˡ
ʱԷں˵Ĵ£Щڶַ˱ʾ˸л֮Ҫ뿪
ַͻȻһ£ϣǸһʼᵽԼƮ뿪ʱһɲǼԥ
ַ֪±ʲôܡ
λѣҹڸһС֮㲢û뿪վ˺ܾã֪㵱ʱôģ
ɫҵʱ룬ҽеʳҵͬǾͿԳһαˡ
Ϊʲôȴûжأ
Һ϶ܹ˲пĻУôһһȺˣҵʱֵĻʳ˵ԼҲû֣ʵϣҲ¶ˡ


520  Ӣս
ַЦЦ˵ֱӣ˵ֱӵʱˣַȴһЦ֮ΪˣΪûʲôˣûʲô˺
ַҲò϶Է˵ʵ
ʵϣַ㵱ʱҲµ˺е뷨ʣֻ뿴˻ô˵
һЩ󻰣ջƨԼĻַתߣҲ˵һ仰
ݵĽ̸֤Щ˻ǿŵģַʵʲô֣
߷ɣ
߷ɣû˵ˡ
ַ⻰Ҳˣȷû˵ˣȻʵʵ˵һû˵ˣһҲû˵ии߷ɵǿߡ
ַо֣߷ɵȻǿһŽŶӣδŹʵģһԼΪʲôû˵أ
ѵһǰˣ
һ룬ַвȻˣһ֮Уܶһʼâɫĩڣ෴һЩһʼǿˣȴϣΪȫ۷Ĵڡ
һȻ־񷣬ۣǶһĩھŹʵĴڣǶΪԼȺ䡣
ǵܶɨ˵Ҳһܶ˵
һҲΪһ仯̫࣬زǰŶӡ
ַȡ˼ǧ͸˸߷ɣ߷иȻ벻СС֮УȻô⣬Щ⣬ͿԶ񣬲֪˯أ
ַ͵⣬߷ʵ޷ܾ
ǽ˼ʮˣʮˣʳȫޣֲּϰףЩ⣬˵Щ˻ᱻ
ַЩ⣬˵˵ѩַ̿óô⣬⼸սʿϲ
ЩӣǸǻڵϷ˸ͷģò
ʱ򣬸߷ַ֣һм˵лȻԸ˵һԼ⣬ҪǰĻֻҲˣʱҲˣҲҵֵܽá
ַȻҪЩ˵İ߷ɵĻǽܸж
ַɫ㻹Ǻúûȥɣˣּǲסֵܽõ֣ҽΪ񲻿ˣ
ַֻ˵һЦ߷ȴˡ
΢΢һЦ¶һڽ׵˵û⣬ˣպҲҵŶӣò˶ãŶӱڻĴ𣬱·˽֪ˡ
˵⻰ʱһš
ַϲŵˣԼҲһţˣҲЦŽӿڵ֪Ŷӽʲô
ӢսӡȺ˵ȻǿеˣΪ˾ͬһУҾŶеÿһ˶Ӣۣӽ쿪ʼŶӾͽӢսӡ
ʲôǾӢսӣ
ַ˺ܴʹԼû¶𾪵ı飬û뵽ԼȻһĩкĵӢսӡ
һĩкڣһһʼôǿŶѸڻĴ
Ǹսӵ־ͽӢսӣַķ˳ǲַͬûн˳ǵʱ򣬱ѾΪĵһǿˡ
̻ǻ˶ǿߣЩ֮⣬˳ǵǿȴûиȫ̵̫ӡ
ַ㣬̻ǼиԣּдԵǿߣÿ˵ϣŨĸӢɫʡ
㵼£ܶԭܳɫǿߣǼ˵Ĺâסˣü
ӢսһŶûһӢۣûһˣŶȴǻŶӡ
һӢսӵ࣬ʱҲûгǧˡ
ǧȴɱħɱħ
ǰ֮ǣϣ֮Ƕǣ벻ԼоµģȻһкڴӢսӡ
ַ㾪ǣ߷ɾȻԼǰӢսӵĳ
Լ첻ǡǣ־ǵĻһУҫ۵Ӣսӣ᲻Ͳһأ
ַ˵Цģ˵ǵӢսӣһڲõĽΪĴڵģúŬ
ַ˵Ļ棬û̫Ĺάֻ˵һʵ
⵹и߷΢΢һ㶣·ַƺģŶȻŽᣬȴû̫ǿߣŶӵͷ߷Ҳֻж
ǿѾţëһЩϣ֮ǻ֮߰Уǳǿߡ
ΣķĽ죬һǿߣҲɱŶеˡ
ǰеκһˣ׵ɱǣ߷˵仰֮ҲڰԺڣԼֻжˣҲ
Լǿǰ˵ԸĻ᲻˳Цأ
û뵽ǣַ㲻ûгЦȷȷôһ죬ܸܵĳַĻףǷģи߷иӸж
߷֪ǣַֻڳһʵ
ڸ߷ߺԸַܵ±ĺܸߣȻЦղЩǿԸӦòȺ߸ȤԶЩõĹ˷֣澿ʲôأ
ûʲôֻǾЩ˺ܲ򵥣Ƕ϶Ժܹȡ÷ǷĳɾͣԵЩ߰ɡ
รԭЩ˼ϣԺɳʱ򣬳Ϊ֮һ
ַ㲻˼ЦЦٻе˼һʼԼʲô֪ԼǹǣԱӮЩ˶Լġ
ɷϣһʼַֻǳǿ߰ߵȻֱ֪߷ЩˣڽΪηӢս֮󣬲ŶԸ߷
ŵ˵ƾȺں֮ڣҲ£һ־ȫɱǡ
ڣԺĻҲһȺˡ
ٲʵȻǣΪʲôǴط˳أЩԲһʳǵĵطһȥ
ȥ˷˳ǣʳ֮£ԶҲɳǰǣǻǡ
ȻɵѵͲٴϽ˵ʱǾͻȫû
νѵԸǾˣҲǲ£˵ЩҪĳɳ㹻ѹ
Ϊʲôȷǽͷأ
ΪӢսӣ
ҡҡͷַĻû˵ӢսʲôһȺɵں֮ڰˣˣ˭˵Ӣսӣ
ϣַϵ˳¡
ĳȴҲǰĳˣǰĳΪѹѹİڴ㣬㣬صΧ
ַһǣҪһ·ѼʮİڴӪ
ַ㰵̾˵֮ľڣֻûĸϣܱ֮ȵϳһ⣬ƹʱԼ׬˴ͷСͷҹϷˡ
Ȼˣ׬ݺңȻһ޷֣ڻľڵɥʬʧ֮˺Ͻ𵶽⡣
˵Ͻ𵶽ԱڵżƵıãǶѾһ겻
ǵľ˾𺣷ҲûżеĽƹ㵽ȫȥ
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񰵺ĴΧ˳ǣʹͨ˴ĳǼһ³ǣҲȫϡ
һÿ쵥ϵʧһ޷֡
Ǳ֮ϣ֮ǵҲȫͣУҵļбκ˶ǿǮȴڳȥ
֪ҵļ᲻˲صʧ
ַ㻹뵽Լˣ֪ǲǳǱڻľڵⱻȫϣһģ
ǰ޾İڴͷ˵벻һӳôľӣҪɱǣֻҹҲɱȥǳȥĻӦþûˡ
ַݺͷһ˵СѾͷˣİڴʿѾûκҲܲ͵ļڡǵĻֻ»ûзɹȥͱϵļڸˣȻЩں䲻ǣǴӸ߿еȴˤĿܡѾͷ⼸꣬ѵֻȴԴ𡭡
ü˵˭˵ģѵȳˣҵزǰˣôûע⵽
ȷǱСͷ˺ܶ࡭
СϹˣ˵ҲǸ⣬ôȥأ
Ȼֱɱȥˡ
Ҫɱĺࣿ
࣬ڿԷط˳ǡ
ҿûô˵ΪҵĸŮƴȥˡ
ɫַѾһ·ˣ˵ڵϹģǿû밵ʿҹս
Ǽˣڸһ񣬴ٽǡ
ԹַʵΣ㵽Ӫȥһַ֣һȥ
֣ʤҲַ֧һȥͻȻ֣ʤĺôˣ˳˺ܶ࣬ȻַСǲһ㡣
ЩУַǿ֮⣬ʣµľˣ֣ʤսȻ٣ȴ֪Լַһȥ
ַһҲǣѾͷȷս츳ԼҲ֡
㵹ǿԸȥ˰ڴӪУȴһҪҵĻ
ַӦһȥɵ˵ָ磬֪һġ


521  û
Ƕŵ˷ơ
Χǵļʮ֮УǶ·ָӣ߰˸֮ǣʮˣ˵Ƕţǽ볤ҪŻ
ţţţŢ᫵ɽ·ʺϴĴģĶ·ű
һܵǿУĶ·˽ʮˣﵽ˶·ķ֮һֱİ֮ǣʧӲأ˼һ롣
ĵǣΣҪƶˣȴͻȻǧ̨ס
Щ׵ķ빥ȫﵽ˶ٶ㣬ÿ̨׵жʮ׵ĸ߶ȣɱ𰵺ͨʿֱͬոһס
ÿ̨ѹ󣬶³ɶѳɶѵİʿʬ塣
·˷֮֯УڶĽǿһ֣һս֮£߰˰̨ĻףȻһǧ̨Ļӻ˳
һǧ̨ף˶·ĸ󻼡
˷֯ζԻ׵ΧߣЩսʿȴѧˣǲ߻ףֻ԰ͨʿ֣һĶǿߣĶӡ
ڻ޴жѸ٣±ǿߴϼȭҲ̫صսֻҪЩײ밵ǿ潻սĻǿҪٵҲܲס
˷µԽԽ࣬˱Ĵ㣬ȴܵӰӳǿߵ档
Ӱӳλǿ߸Ǹһ֮޷³ǵĻ͵ϵľ綾ĲҲ԰ɣ
˷дӰӳĶħȻ˲¹ͷԼʧ˲ˣӰӳǵĻ쵰ȻȫϣԼһ·ӵϡ
ڻĵϣ֮УԳǵĵΪҪ涼ǲʺϾнĶɽ·ֻжƽԭ
Ǹǰее˶ţ·ش
ӰӳλǿߣҲǱӲ֪ӼԼѪսһܣʮˣ˵·֮Уʧصһ··볤СС֣͵Ц
ӰӳλħͷȻ㣬Լղһʱ̰죬ǿҪĺ裬Լڴƽ˲á
˷̸ܣүүӿƴƴʮˣȴһָ𡭡
˷ԱߵĸٽŵĴһ£־вûˣųһ
ٿ˷˵ˣ˵ҪСһЩһ֮ǱĵˣӰӳĴǣǵ³Ͳˣ
˷һ˵ʲôôˣɧˣ
˵⻰ʱ˷˵ԵȻڿ˵Լʲô£лˡ
ͷʱ䣬λ֮ǵĳܾӰӳĶħҪϣ֮ǿս˿˽ҩջö
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˷ȥͬģвЩ
֪ΣԼҪӽˣҪȻӰӳħһŭԼҩԼޱȡ
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δУʮ˵ʳ﹩ϣ֧㲻ս
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Ҳ֪ȻûˣǵĶȷʧأЩʬװˣδЩ̫ϧˡ
ʲôԼʿʬ嵱ʳ
Ҳް취²ߡ
˷ͷ˵ס򲻿й¶ȥҪȻһңǵĴҲͲսˡ
ģҶĵǽ˶ΣЩרɳĺڲӣڳܱ߲ɱսֵܣͷ֮ˡ
˷ųһԼµʿ֪ǳԵԼսͬ⣬ͻ뵽Լͬ⣬ԼսˣԼʬҲҪͬԵ
Щͨʿ˵¡
µȴԼԺʬ嶼˳ԵҲĩд˵ԭɣܶʿʼŷ졣
Ҳţĩдþˣ˱һУĴ˵Уһʬ嶼޷ȫĻ޷ٴͶ̥
ֻҪнԼµʿʬΪʳ鴫ȥĻͻɢ˭ҲԼгһģͬĸС
ղΪѾʿԸҪ㲻˵ĻΪʲôҪ׷Լĳأ
˷£Żᾪһ亹漴һ飬ʵûбϲԵ⣿
ЦЦĳ˵Ⲣָʳָϣ֮ƯŮˡ
˺ǽɳСӣ׽סƯŮŮñ£Ҫǡ
ѵŮ˽߲ɣ
˷Ȼǿ󣬵˵ȻԻﲻϡ
صһЦ˵СѾͷ˽߻񫣬ŮƯҸ߰ݣ۾켸һģһ
ѵ˫̥
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˷ֿ˻ԼǰһģĩǱɥʬɥʬǶǿңĩУûŮˡ
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ٵͷ˵ǶŮ̧
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ѹȣŮͺܷزԵø޴ˣԴظ˷۾һ䵽ϣ벻ûĸݵĻҪƯ
ŮزȻ󣬽̾ǣǵСȴһգβǺ̺ԲŮ¶ĳȣ˿Ŀ
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ΨһвǣŮϲŽڵϣʱķһ
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ѾͷɲԱˡ
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˿ıȸղĸٻǷᣬ˷ŮһЦ˵λŮˣ
Ůͱס˵ǵУȴͣķĴ۾У¶˼Ϊ־ı顣
Ůǰİʮ˵ϸ¶˾ı顣
Ҫ˵ֽűסǵֽŲסʮǿǰҲû˿Ļ֮
ŮаԻںޣȴһʱ⣬֮ǵʿץס͵
ԼҲŮѵҪһλͬ˸̣
˷ܾ汻סŮЩ񫣬Ůͱס͸ˡ
һЦ˵ʵ˵ɣΧǵͷ죬ʿҪҵģֻҪǽôңԺͻǽóģġ
˷ʵŮˣֻǼǵãĩǰӻеЩǣǿƯŮʱ򣬶˵Ļ
«˵һ̨
Ůֻ﷢һҲ֪ǴӦǲͬĻ
˷Լһ£ԼƯûôĲ֪ˣǵͶסˣôܻشԼĻأ
˷һ֣ŮϸۻСһѣ˺ŮϵıһڴĿá


522  ǼƷѽ
쵰бſǣ
һŮϵıոձ˺ȲĶ˷
һŮźÿü¶һ˼ģ
ȻŮȻһģһ·°ĶȹһģһһĳһһۻĴȣһĳͲ࣬ǵԸȴͬ
һŮԸ嶯˲Żͽ֮ƿڴһŮһĳȣȻ˼֮ߡ
Ůĺ˷˿Ϊ⣬ĵǣԼԼŮ˵Ůأ
ͬƯģһģһȴԸã˷һЦ۾ĶС٣һЦ֮£˫۾·һѷ֮С
ԶԶȥ˷һͷ滮죬ϸĻ˭֪ϵһ۾أ
һ˷ΪǸ쵰Ļһȭ˶ԷԴˣȻȷʵҲһٰĻ쵰
˭ǰ˵ʵĻһĲ˶Էǰħģʹ׵ĽûĵЦˡ
·һͷ˳ͷ÷ʣðףбеʮһ㡣
˷ЦŮˣǰɱģȴ
ҿҲȥ
𡭡ˣѾͷƢܺϱθڣھ㣬ԵǸСѾͷҪ֪һͷҲԳС򣿡
ң
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Ů˫ȴ׻ȱץס֮Ͳˣ˷ɫģ˵вζʮ㣬ȴûһвĻ
˷ȻǱŴģЦһ˵ͽۿҸҲң
δ䣬˷һԸȽϳ嶯Ůȹ˺һ
УŮһȶȹ¶˳β֡
㣬ң
˺ܴһȹǵŮʧ
˷۾ͻȻɴˣһ̣С۾ҪĶС۾˺ܶࡣ
̰ĿⶢŮ׻Ĵȣ˫۸һֱ鵽ŮĴȸǵĿ⣬·תһһŮĺɫ̿ȥ
ԭãǽ㣬šᣬǼƷѽ
һֱܳȵŮͻȻ˷һ˵磡
˷ͻȻסˡ
֣һ㽫ǶĴһŮȻԼ磬ѵǿԼ
һ
ĩŮǵ˺ܴı仯ĩǰαģСѾˣеԼʮıδ󺺡
Լͷ˵ԼԱߵŮˣԼʹǴ죬ԼЩëͷСӻˡ
ѵŮô̵ʱڣԼϷôŵ㣬ŶԼ˿
Ů˵磬ҵĸ첲ʹ
ѽĸ첲Ϊʲôʹأ
ǸҺýѽҪɿ
˷ͻȻЦ˺þ˵ɿ㣬֮ززԲԣĵŶΣǰڵҿĶˣĵͼϷòá
ŮһԼһլУԼûµԼе뷨϶Ȼǿӿˣʲô֪
Ůҡҡͷ˵磬ǽͻȻǿ˶ӵĴӢۣǽлźĴǽõҲŶѽǽѾˣôأ
СѾͷҲŲǵĵأҷſǣǽþҪȭˡ
ǽŮȭӣôĶأѵ㻹ǲɣ
˵ҲǣſǣǽҪ֪ͼһҪúźź򱾳
˷ŮǰһǿһؽصƬɢ䵽˵ϣŮͬʱ¶𾪵ģ
ǿǵˣһ֣㽫ϵֱӸˡ
ŮͬʱҲ뵽Ӳǽ⿪ϵֱˣҲΪǣ֪ԼԷ̫Զ֮ġ
ľŮͻȻ׵ֱۣס˷Ĳ˵ˣһϵǽúóѽ
˷Ůֱ§ס˲ӣʱоԼ·ãʱ˷ԴͻȻһ졣
һ׶ԴĴƿͻȻ˷ԴϿ˷˹ԭŮ§ӵʱ򣬲֪һƿݺݵĴԴϡ
Ů̫ûˣŶβ֪˶ٴΣѵΪԼǵӾЩСԴһ¾ͻιȥı
ԼﵽʮľǿߣһССĴƿԼǿЦˡ
˷˻Դʵ治
˷ģŮвԼҲǺͿˣôʮĸǿˣϽ֣һЦ˷ͷ̾˵Ҿ˵ͨƿǾ˲˴ġ
˷¶ã֮ɫѵԼЦ

˷ûףԴְصһһ˿Ѫ˳£һ·߹ĿС
ʱ˷˫һһͷԵڵء
ľһŮһ̧ͷıһѳصĺϽ𴸣Ͻ𴸵Ķˣһ˿Ѫ
ľŮ˫ָһʤĶ˵ãݣȻҵһϽ𴸣
һŮһ¶˴ȸĶȹ˵С˼㣬ǸϽ߰ɣ


523  ȸ
Ůոʣͱ˷ĸٴǧΧ
˵ʵٵǿ㣬ֻ̫ڴţ˷١
һŮһӣûнٷ
Ⱥȴ֣ڶǿ߾Ȼռ˼ʮл˵ﵽ㣬Щ˲ŽԽûٴС
СǣˣߣϽ־ܣǵĳã
һ˵һ߾ĳоʿһۣղű˷˳ȴû뿪ſھʵĺϴ
ѾͷС˫ֱʵȸˣסŮʱĴ־ŮĴһѣ֪Ůļι⻬ϸ壬Լ˫о˵ĵԡ
СѾͷ뻶ֹȵŮǲһԻֹֻ̻ŮӾƯǱ̫Ҳʧȥ˵֮ǰŮӣżӱͷ
˸ٲŲ뿪Ƕ㵽˾棬͵һ
һ˷ͷݲǶƯ˵Ľû滹֪أԼ㿴һҲá
˺һᣬٲûŮһαʱ򷢳ҽ˴ѵŮĤѵô
ʱиǴһƵײиٸеĪˣ˿˷ѾץסŮȣڼͷĻԼײžžŶԣôһ£
ڸٰ˼ʱŮһһӾﴳ˳
֮ǰһƮݵĳһĶȹҲǴһİɫ࣬ڶȹм䣬¶һıͦȣ˿̣ȴ˲ͬ
ȺǾһŮĶȹ˺һ飬Ӱζ֮䣬Ůȹµķһ±¶˳
ܶǿŮһβԲߡ
ˣ˴סˣѪˣ棬ôƯŮԼƣûѽ
ֻŮҪ뿪оʣһηѣԽûˣԼƤŹء
аĳټȲпҲãСѾͷס˫֣ǵǿ㣬ԼҲǽǿһѣ˷ǿ̫࣬ȴСѾͷ˳
˷ȻԼ֮ϵǿߣ˲Լס˫ֵƯС椣ҲܳɹǣԼôһ˾أ
䣬ʮڶǿߣѾֹ˼Ůȥ·
ٵЦ˫Ȼͦܵڼѽ
Ůĵ㵲ס˽ȥ·ôܣ
Ƿ׷״
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С椸ҪҲöǿһΣץס֮󣬰ǹǵ·ǻҲܣ
ҪģҲСѾͷǹ·֮󣬾ϣҲˡ
˵ЩϻʲôãǻǸϽСǵ·£
Сǳһģһ֪·֮󣬻᲻ỹһģһ
·֮һģһǵǻȥ֮󣬾ܷԲһˡ
ЩǵǿСѾͷ̫࣬ԶԶǣҲܲȥЩǲŲż֡
ЩǣƺŮ
ŮɫһӱüΪ԰ףЩƴ鶼ʧȥˣҲ֪ԼûκͻΧϣ
ΪԼǸӣͿħˣ뵽ԼųʣͱһȺΧסˡ
Щ޼ɵĶǽͷ㣬ҲûʲôЩȴǹǽõ·֮ͣǲֲ̫ˣ
ԽûʱʧɫѾСģøӳˣеĵˣԽ˿Ļ˵Źǡ
ǰЩˣѪıƦŮĿЩͬ飬Ще
޳ܣ
һĺЩͷ𣬸ղŵܺǻݺĸ質ַ·ɽȪˮĺײ
ЩͷȻȴô
Ůͬʱ̧ͷͷȥһøƳĲ֪ѾϣһλոճɵŮ
Ůһɫȹһ˫ÿȣĵĴӶȹ¶˳
ŮȵѾϣСȲϵĴΣģԵ֮Ů˫עĿĴ۾ͬྻĺһ͸
ɻڷϵоʸ˵һֻɹᱻǷ֡
֪ɰСôģʲôʱϵģЩûм⣬뵽ԼϽץסƯС
ǰԽû͹Ǹеˡ
˿ЩϵС򣬶ʱΪ˱ûҪ˵ĴڣղŲȹ˺֮β֮󣬲̲סѪ
ڼƯС򣬲˵ıѪĸˡ
µıѪȾزľװ̾Сһ˫ȣԸǶԿ˵Ľûˡ
ЩסϵС򣬵ȴȥǿǰ֪ʲô֣ĩȴ˱죬øߴס
ŮɵĶڰ׸ߵѾϣͬƶˣԷǵܹ׸ߣǵڰȴҲ֮
ΨһѾŮռˣŮܹ֪ʵȥһЩ£ԼԽУָ̧ԼһĻԼ
ЩǵҲðȻȥһɤӺСѾͷб
Ůͷ˵Ϊʲôأ

ǣб
ٳ˼һ˵ҲҪţСѾͷһҲܲˣȰǶ˫̥·һ֣ǿСȻܲˣ
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һὫԽûǹ·֮һĽûһ㿳ǿþ̫ˬˣ
ã֡
һǿһû
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ǿ߻ûö⣬ͷСѾŭң
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á
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˵⻰һȣһǿߵȻ̫֮ͻȻ֣³֮£ֱǵⶴ壬ַɵֱϣǿ߲
ǿǸȷһ£ǾԼˣȴҲ̫źСĿɰ£ֻ϶Ҳڶ˿ɰԼСԼСϣҲҲˡ
ǿ˵ڵأʹ˱
С
СѾͷϵĽôһ£
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һǶԽûҲ¶һϲı飬벻ǰǻСƯ򣬾Ȼ֡
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СԼܹ뻢
Ůÿ۾ͻȻ˺ܶ࣬и룬ԼģһӢ˧ͺˡ
˧еӪϼŮʱһ̤߲ԼʱԼñһ޸˧硣
֪ǰΣʱ̣εĻ֪᲻ầĵѪ
Ҳһ㶣Ư͹˼ˣСôֱѽ
һ˵С򲻹һ˶ѣһϣס˵


524  û

һһЩһĤǲһ㱻ղŵһ޺ơ
ûɫøѿǿһϤӰ·˷ǸһĴڡ
벻˹ָ֮˹˷׹⣬·ҪһڽŮȫ̵һ㡣
˷ԴϲһɴɴеѪԶԶȥ޵һʢǿŷʴԴϣԵЩ֮ࡣ
һڵأǼûŮˣҲżɣ˻ûԶԶľͺһɤӡ
˷˿ǶûһۣԼҲ̫⣬ʹһŮ̫ƻԼı䵽ϡ
ղھУСһģǲһһԼ˳𲻱ǾӣԼϣԽûɸȥݡ
ǶԽûƯСԼҪ˽ûµʱúãҲһ¡
ʹһŮ˵Сģʮ
ͷɰ˵ûʲôһͷִֺķѡ
Ƥɰģֿ˿Ѿߺ˷͵Ц
СѾͷı̫ˣ˷Ȼ䣬ְֺڣȻϵľװãϣȴôôһ¡
Щ˷ˣ˵Ǵ·˽Ҳ˵
˷ĺƤͬϵһԶϺղǶԽû֮ǰҲв
˵ⱲԸһ仰Ǳ
Լɱģʲôʱˣ˵Լ㳤˭˭ˣûҪԼʲôͰ˵ʲôɣ
ղǶԽûھУʱֻڳ㱻ǶԽûһ䣬˼Ĵΰˡ
Ůȴڴ֮ͥԼͲôˣֱǶԼ񶾵
˷ǰݺ
˷СĺϽ𴸣ɵðԵͷѾ޴һ߰СбۣģȻ磬Լ͡
ӺϽն󷢳ļХжϳѾ޴һʮֳأֻڶ֮µĴڣ޷ѺϽ𴸣
˷޴ȴһģ벻ͷаô˺Ͻ𴸻ûдϸ۲ѺϽ𴸵ģ
ѺϽ𴸲һС٣壬ȲΩΩФһ벻ףѴôһ̲Ѫأ
С˵ףôѪѪ𣿡
޴ϵѪǵʱģСһŮϮ˷ʱġ
Ȼ֪зһУ˷ԴϵɴµһЩ£ųԷ̡
˷ıŭˣղֻȴһһһȺǰ
ΪάԼϣһеɱ
˷һĺϽͻȻ٣Ͻҵĥ䣬޵ļ
Ⱥǰпϧ˷Ѿﵽʮ㣬þȫֻɰСһҪҳһˡ
ѵһСϾҪ棬ϧ̾һȻеϧȴû˳ֹ˷
˷ǵĳ٣Ǿԣ˷ҲǵĻŪã˷ΪԼСѾͷʱĺϽһͷ˵ҳһ
ֱϽ𴸿Ҫҵǰ֮ʱ΢΢һΣиǶһѽλεľͱǰѱס˺Ͻ𴸵·
һʼ󣬵ӵĴڣʮֺˣֻһɽѺϽϣҲ̼һѷĩ
ԼδÿѾ޴Žһѱ˷ĺϽ𴸻Ҫı

˷ڵĺϽ𴸺ݺݻϡ
ܶ˱ۣĿı𵽾⣬ͬʱɰСǰһ⡣
ŮҲۣеı˷ζĻ˵ܶһᣬȴ˷ӲӲֻеǰѱ飬Ҳᱻɡ
ղɵĻɱһҲûϵ˷ֺ֮ܿ죬űһɱ
бģӦò͹ֻϽӲӲɰС²ˡ
˷ĸȴûаͷŤһȥҲûбۣ俴ǰһС
С̫ɰ̫ˣ䵽˷Ҳֻһ˿ȻС򻹲类ͷ˾һأ
Լͺúһ档
ڸרעĿУ˷еľ޴һӷ˳ȥְ£Ҳ˺ü
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ۣСȻı˷ֿտգĻϣѪˮ˳ָ䡣
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ҲŵĴģмΪ°ѾʣǷ·𿴵ܷ顣
üҪ˷սȴȶԷǿһأЩս飬˷ԶԶ
Ҳ˷һΪͣʹһת㽫˷Ĵ󴸸ˡ
ղ˷һʵ̫ҲеԼ΢΢飬Խ󽻵֣һֱ˷ȥ
˷ӲһϽ𴸷˰֧֮Ӹʧȥ֪
֪ղʹ˷֮ɵеĺϽ𴸣Ϊǿ
˹˷˵ףСѾͷڣô̲˿ֲ
סСѾͷ
ڶʮʮǿ߸һǰ㱻һΪ룬һϣȻԭûҶ
һӣֱն˷һ칥У˷ϣϣ϶ն˺ü
˷ʼǿҲѸ٣һƤ˶ѡ
ֿʮȻҲмο˷ȴûһش
ھĻ֮˷ҲˣǰŮҪһ㣬սȴҪһء
ˣҲڱһеĺϽ𴸣СѾͷղһУһطŴﵽЧ
ֿ˼ʮ¶һ˿ɫսȻɱ˷ˣһʱ֮ȴ޷ʰ¶Է
ЩҪ˵ߡ
ģڰеӦòͣУԼ˺֮ҳˡ
ԽżԽʰ¶Է
ϵ˷ѾŮʵȻԼҪһЩҪʰԼҲԼ˺ƣ˵СѾͷ
˷һζһߴȵСѾͷˣǲûţæҪȻºĲǡ
Ҳһʼ˷еĺϽ𴸿ɾҲΪٶԶԶ
ԭС򲢲Լ¡
Χûϵɫ
һʼ˷ʵűһ˺Ͻ𴸣ھһʱս֮ѾŮĵϸ
һӵϵĻֻŮֵס
ûȻǰæȴ֪Լ̫Щǰ˵ڶ֮ϡ
ǽöǰæҲ˿Ӱ첻ս֣ǽֻан˫ƯĵĴϣܹ漣
ͻȻǽÿһˡ
һһµˣǸӭ̤߲ƶӻҪ˧Ķࡣ
ǰѾ˧ˣֻ˵ƯƯŮ˶ʣŮͻȻʶԼһΪòǰƯ˸ȥ
˺ȹӵŮ˵㣬㿴ϣ֮ǵˡ
ַĿҲ䵽Խû֮ϣҲɵһŮȻƯĻǽҪȣҪһ㡣
Ӧ࣬ǸŮ˵ַ㲻öǶģϾӵйĪƷƣͮСҪԽûҪƯ
ŮŵǽóüһģһһĳȹһƮݳһȡ
κμǵˣж˽úĥһ˵徿кβͬ
ַ㾼ĿУСһŮִٵĵͷһַֻȹǣСָһȹǣŽĵĽš
ŮͻȻԼĴȣףԼȹѾ˷һ룬һֱӱ¶˴ȸ
ԼĴ֮ŮԼǱģϵıøӵΣ֪δǰһС
ַĿⲢûԽûϳ̫ãת˵ôôûûʰͷ
ͷѽѾˡ
ڣ
ַ˵ĶԻ˷оԼķζĳ⣬С˵ҲˣϾԼŮ
ǰһвŮļһҲҷԼ⻹˵ã
˷ŭǸα
ַԼϵϢٻΪַһͨˣΪԼ¶ʱˡ
רҲٵһ硣
һַ㣬һߴһļһڻֹȺʵʵĵѼӣȴܵҫ治֪Ľļգɡ
û˵ַ꣬ͻȻһƣַȻ߰ʮԶľȻ˸ٵϡ
ٵͻȻһǿһʱ֮䣬оԼͬһ߸߹̶ʱ䣬ٵǵ׸ߡ

ٵƤڳܲס޴ѹըѪ
ǶԽû򻶺޵٣˷Ϊץסǣְȸ˶·˷
ƷµĸˣŮ̲ס㵸
ǽÿַĿ⣬ǳ˸мݣǽַԶĻǰַһˡ


525  㲻
˵˲ʯиӿһ뷨ǰ˾ǹ
˷ҲýӲͷǰƯ˸̫ǿˡ
ղкϽ𴸣û𺳹
ַɱ٣Ҳ죬˭֪ʵս
ַôԶľ룬һƣ㽫ľע˸ٵڣӵʱ䣬ʹٵ屶
ƾߣǸߺεҦˣҲֻܴﵽβһ٪ѣ漴Ϊܲôľҵը
ұűʱжôʹࡣ
ٵʹҲ岻ס˷𾪵ǣַڵľôԶжԷ
һǿڵľܴױˡ
ַȴٿصľͬ۾һ߰ʮ֮ٵڣڵľôа
ʵַٿؾķܼ򵥣ȻĩУǿߣڵľ̫ԶַľȴԻΪУնɱǧ֮ǿߡ
ղѾٵڣУ֮ͬΨһͬǣַ㣬ַкܲˬ
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˵ʹŮӣǰʹ࣬ԱŮʹһٱ
˷ףǰ˲ܿģʮǿߣⲻ˶ԷȻֻߡ
˷һ㳯ԶȥĴ˿̻ԶûзӦ㷴ӦһʱҲϲֻбĶ顣
ֻҪǧ֮УַɱЩʿҪȻҵ
ǰƯܹɱеʿɱʿʱԼӵûӰˡ
˷˫ŷ֮䣬ͬһ㳯Զȥ󣬱˫̤ĳ߸һ׳۵Ļ
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˷һŤͷûпʲôȴһżΪǱˣǸղŵƯˡ
Ư˵һֲֻ֪ʱѾץסľգ˰죬ûܽԼĶС
˷ǿҵľԼһӣͽԼĴˣʱԼͬɽˡ
һӵĲ࣬ȴԼƯ˸ץסˡ
ģſӣбſӡ
˷˫˫ƴȴûַ壬ƾֱ˷֪Լʮа˾Ҫˣȴ֪˭סԼƯ˭
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ǡ
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˿ַ㲻Ӧûڷ˳ôڳ⣿
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ԼַĻᣬֻڷ֮һĩǰĲƱ󽱸ʻС
Լƫƫڷ֮һĴ󽱣ԼǱȥˣƺҲܹԼַ㲻ڷ˳ţȴƫƫҵŶԡ
ַ㲻ҵҪȴԼײǹˣ˷ܲĵʵַ㣬㲻
ҵΪʲô
˷쳤̾Լȥ㵽һУﲢûжǿߣԼΧǣҲʤްܡ
Լȴ©Ҫһ㣬ԼôַõģǳǵҴСأ
ˣΧһ·Ϊʲôƫƫôַ㣬Ǳأ
˷˵սˣ˵ֻҪϷҡ
˷Ļû˵ַ꣬һŤ˷Ĳӣ˷Դһᣬ
ʱȻȳ滹ҪܼİѾɱ˹ǿַɱǵĳ٣һƵַ㡣
ַ㿴һ£ͷǵصİһͷ
ַԤƣЩӿҪӼʮ֮ԶַǿҲɱеʿĽҲڴС
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ַܱܲǽһֱɱȥɣһӰӳǵǿ߾ѻԼסǡ
ȽľŮ˵սˣȫǵ˶ڵȥӪǣ㲻ùǽãֻλ뿪ɣ
ַ˼һᣬսǱгһƬŤգһͷף͸߰׵ľӰ
ǶԽû֪ƬַսǱַĳǶʱŵûʧɫǽÿͷѾﵽٵ
ûǶԽûǽ֫һ¹һַǰ
һԹ˵ϴҹǸڷһûзҳءˣѾͷ۸ҡ
ֻظͷ˵ɩԽԽƯˣҵ̫ʹ˶øƯɩС֣۽ë޳Ĵȡ
ԼƨЦ
ַȴһü˵СҪͻΧ㱳ǽһ̣
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˭˵ģΪλŮЧͣСһĸŶԣλŮƣһǾȿѵĳλ㷢׵ĳ࣬ϸСƯ
Ůһۣǰͷ޴ѾַշˣһַǰŻ˷
Ůεҡҡͷǽü٣˵˻˵޳ܵıޣǽûǵһϡ


526  ô˺ȹ
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֣ʤѪַ˼Լ벻ӦøϹ߲ӦɵĸϹһ㡣
Ǳ밵֮ʱַʱı⣬ɱ˶·Ҫ죬һӰӳǿߵľ
һӰӳǿڶ·ĻҲַܴȥҲһϣ˾δܴˡ
Űҵʱ֣ʤһɱȥ
֣ʤ֣ʤڵõϢ֮˹
ֻ޴֣֮ʤû̫Ծַ֪սǱһͷ
ȴ֪飬ַȻһͷǿıޣ϶ʱ¶˾֮ɫ
˵λŮǺѽҪҪұҵıůˡ
˵֮䣬Ͻ׵ĳëǶһģһĽû¶˳ŵ֮һϵİëɳɶ̡
һıϣϵĳëϵ˰ϵ˿Կ棬ȴϵĻء
ַųĿġ
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ʶ٣ַ֪ϵܣַദĻ֮٣ǴûŮⲢֺöԷ
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һֱ֣ʤһĬԣַ㿪Ц֮Ըǰ˺ܶ࣬˵ЦЦ
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أǰװףԺǲװҾͲ֪ˡ
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㡭ʤǰΪֻĶļһŻ˵ԵĻһʵˣȴû뵽ʵ˰Ȼļһﻹַô飬
СԴֻ˵ңʲôҲ֪
ȹӱ˺ƵŮ˵ִûйϵղǻ۸ִ˹Ǵ˻ˡ
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֣ʤ˵ôڱýݺݵ֣ʤһۣ֣ʤȥַ֮ĻԼһʲôҲ˵ˡ
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ַָһһ·ĵŮϣŮĶȹԶ޲
֣ʤкã漴˵Ѿ£ڻٻֳѾˡ

ַͬǲͬĶڣŮɵýЦ
Ǹоַͬ൱ȤǽõӡУַߵˣͬ߸ϣƶ˵һ㣬Ķ
ĴӦòЦŶԣ˵ͨ˾ȻûʲôͬȻ̶̼仰ûǸַܵͬ޼顣
ַһ˵С٣ӣǽһϡʤǰ濪·ɱǡ
֣ʤȻ˵תƻ˰ɣ
ʤܸܲһ㣿

޾İڴȶˣȻһ޴ȺĴ֮Уᱻ
ַ㣬սǱ֮УͻȻ뵽гżַ֮֮⣬޷սǱģԼҪַҲɡ
˵ַ㻹˵һ䣬ȻһôûУҪãٰԼԴһȭã˼֮ʣַͷͺǵĺ棬Ҫˡ
ǿŴŰһ㣬ַħԼͻΧҲӦ̫Σգ漴ַжһľ޽ֱǵķȥ
ַһ࣬İʿֽԴ֫ҷ֮ڣĽݺᡣ
ԶԶȥַΪģγһ׿ǰѪߡ
ǵѪߵĺ棬һ׵Ĳ֫ϱɵѪⳤȣϵ٣ĵսľǻǵһοַѪȵֶɱһѪ·
ַǰòֵǮÿһӣмʿһز֫
һ̵ַİУĸһȰȰˣ˿ֻ̣һոĿħ
۽ǻһᣬıĩĩı
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֣ʤַ󣬴˿ȫ岻ֻ֣иַһ·񱼣Ҳں淢񱼣ҲǸոոַĽŲѡ
ַײУиǰԽˬ
Ϊһսȴû뵽ǸħǰˣȥСʱɱǡ
ϣ֮밵ԽԽǿˣĴϼû˱޵֮Լĩڣһ˵ĻֻԼͳΪʳˡ
뵽ԼͻȻַˡ
ַ㣬Ȼʧȥɣȴסһ죬Լڱסͬʱӵɣһоˡ
֣ʤҲַ֪еֶκѳ־ãЩоһɣһĹˣַ֮ǿûмʱָ
ϣֵַܹǣҪȻԼӦ޾İڴ
ģǰĳѾɼַڷķҲԽԽȫʧˣʧȥַ֮ɱ٣ǰĽС߰ס
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һצĳЩʿĳ࣬Щʿֻʮ㣬ǿһҲ߰ʮ㣬Ȼסһ
ڲעʱ̣ʿӽԼУһĿǰѪˡ
ַκ£̳࣬ҪȻԸ
սǱ֮г˼⣬˵ʻ޷ܵջ
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ַ㾪ȵǣ˵ǿսԶԶԼɱĶ·˷
ˣÿ˶ǳϼǿߣоûˣѵЩӰӳǣѾˣ벻ӰӳǵȻ


527  һϰ
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ǽøһԸΪǿҲַܳ㣬ַǻĴϲܵս
֪ôһ£Ǹ¶һ˿ĪЦݡ
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ĸ½Զһ˵ַ㣬֮£Ӧúɵնַ
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ͷϣ㳡ϣӪУʿսʿˣŮǶڱ档
սˣоˣ


528  Ů
ַּ֣ˡ
Խַ˵ͣ
ַ㿴λľ˾ҲǸпǧһԼǣҲʱ˰ɣ
겻ԽԵøˣ緢ģȻѾڳվ˽ŸֻҵļҲСɴˡ
Խַ㻹мֺøеġ
ǵԼһǵʱʱ򳤰ǻǳƿһУκңңҵ˶ҶԿ
ʱȴԥվԼһԼٴС飬ҲԼܶ
Щַ㻹Ļм
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֣˵Ұɣ֮£ĸ˵ķɼ֣⼸ԽȻûּ棬ȴֺɨµĴ˵ֵǣ־ȻһƬߵĺϣ˻ǿϣ֮ǡ
⵹Խάַ㣬ڳһʵ
ȻڣںϽһϣ֮ҲûʲôڼǰһǱ캣ֵ£ʱںϣ֮ǣһΪ󵨣Ϊļƻ
غһб캣شϣ֮ǣ˵ں߽ϣ֮ǣڵʱһܲǵ顣
غһϣ֮ǣЩ½ϣ֮Ǹԣнϣ֮ǽ½ľһڲ
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ǨĻѵķþһ֣Щϣֻ֮ӵ½ЩֵܳЩԴ
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ĸհԶȴ۷˭ôĵĩڣҽϣ֮ǽںƼĺأ
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ٽսʿһ˵ַߵηѵƯŮ㵽֣ںݳˣ人ˣǣ˳ҲˣڳҲ⡣
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˵ҵ˶ںһУԼҲ͸ܲˡ
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ַڷص£˷˳ǵİΣ֮ĳǡ
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Ҳе˶룬һȽ˧ˣζȫ²ţһһϸۿ
Ҳע⵽˵Ŀ⣬˿òǵ۾Ҳһɨ˵۾һգҲգĶϵɨ顣
жʱеܲʷ
վҵĶУ˵˻СЩϵǿûз𣬵ɫȴúѿ
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һʱ֮䣬ַѽԼһ𳤴ӿԼ˻ˣȴѧŽӦߵܰо
ڣλ˧òεĿⶢַеһһֲõĸо
ѵԼӻδһ޸
ԼѾӦߵĸоôܹ̱˴Լ߶أ
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ڴ֮ͥĿⶢʧȣڶԼơ
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ַѣַ֮ƺЩ죬˵ҪעһԼķȣҵ棬ѧļһܹˡ
Ƥһ˵ûʸ˵ңλƯϲͣҶ࿴ôˣ
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ʲô·
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ַͷ˵ԭСø磬ʲôϵ
΢΢һʶҲ֪ŮַĹϵһУַŻỤŮ
ղŶŮĴ˸磬ַҲֻˣַ˵Ŀƺѵѵ
ַ˵£ƼѪԺҪͷ·ˡ
㡭ַ㣬㻹֪˭ɣҼֶӣСø硭
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ַ˵ҽ죬Сʲô
ɫһ䣬û뵽ַûζԼĴ˸磬ȻԼ˵һ㲻˼Լ顣
һŤͷַˡ
иС־ǰַ״
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529  Ź˸
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ڳڣκҵ˶ҹȻʱˣҲΪԼǸˡ
ƽֻҪ۵Ůˣвţôʲôֶζʹó֮þһа취ֶΣеŮ㵽֡
һ࣬еŮûһܹħצ
Ȼַ֪㣬ĿɽһŹˣΪԼСַޣǰЩŮŶõġ
ԼΪַĴ˸磬ַ˵Ůһ£ûʲô˵ģԼûпأֻǿ˼۶ѡ
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ԼĴ˸磬͸öԼϹϾַȻڴõСͱӴѪˮݶЩһ
ҧ˵ַ㣬úãҴĴ˸磿
ַֻǵ˵ϻûʲô£ַģûʲôˣҲҴġ
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κҼκףҼۼַĴ⣬ҲԽˬ
֮УʵȻС˻żʹҵ˲٣Ȼ޷κңᲢۡ
ֱСַ㶨˻ԼСδУַĺӣڳǵĵλˮǴߣһԾκҡ
Ȼַ㲢ڳǣַ֮֮ȴ˲֪˲Ҳ̧ҵۡ
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飬ѾɨأԺٽַͷˣֻҲûʡ
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ɱԼȴһüͷԼִԲڵĻַ㲻ɱԼὫԼϵȽϽȫնɱ
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˴˿̣ףԼȻһСϣǰΪվھ˵ļϣǸһְ֣볾
˵䳡滰ֵļŭַ㣬˵仰̨

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ǱģңκҵûᣬһˣҲûһ˴
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530  ַŮ˵
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ԴСַ㶨㿪ʼڳüСڻַĺ֮ҵĵλһˮǴߡ
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һֱԳַĴ˸磬вҪַ㣬Ƿ׷׸ֻĹȴûϰߣҪۣŻЩۡ
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κЦԪ֮У۴޵ȻַˣõȻҲַͷ
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κû˵һ֣صĵ˵ͷ

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˵ˣַϾԼ÷ˣСô죬Լ常һֱԼ׶ӣԼԼ常Ͷ£
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常㲻֪÷ж֣ҾǿӼֶۣûҪɱҡҺ˵С֣÷ȴ˵Сƨ˳ָͣҵݶĻˣǴңڴ常˵
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־ȴ붼û룬ܾԼ顣
΢ʧ˵常˵䲻ǾˣҴַߵǶԽûַڳµģַ㲢û常ַкǶûøҡ
־аҲһ˲ţȴһӵŮˣ˵Ů˻˵Ůˣҽϣųˡ
־͵һĴͷ˵ΣСҸ㣬Դ򳤰κŮ˵ע⣬ȴַܴߵŮ˵ע⡭ҪȻѰ·ʱҪû㡭ȥɣʱ䲻ҪҳţַɱˣҲӦá
뿪ҴԺ֮ͷ޺޵Ŀլһۣ¶һԹ顣
϶ԭַбҪĶ࣬ȻǲҲ壬Ժʲô£Ǳҵġַ㣬һΣҿ㻹ܻ죿


531  ȥŮ
ıӰ־˵лҪá
һܼģ˲֪ʱ־㴲ǰ־ĻݵĽӿڵⲻүڴ𣿡
־ͷ˵СĲʶǿǸʮСվŮҼ֮λܵķԣְֻͨ취һС
־㲢ûаѻ˵̫ףܼȴһֱס
ںܶ־ȷܺã⼸꣬ٴĴ־ҲǲŲʣ
־ϲֶӣ˺ԭĻػ־£ڳһԺζĶ档
һУ־ϣģԽԽˣԺҽСʱ򣬱˾˵ʲôҲûˡ
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־ٰ̻ʱ򣬹ܼҾͿֻ⣬ʵȴһΪС·Ŀ档
δĳһ죬ؽԼ䱯ҵ³ճ־һУΪ˸С·
漴־ַܼ㡣
ַ㣬־㻹ǺϿɵģַ˳Ů˶һЩ֮⣬ط˵иɻСҲί
ܼҵһü˵ַܾ̫ˣֻҪʲôԥɱ˶ԷվСø磬ʱǵ˷ַ֣ͷʱеȷ¶ɱ⣬շĻַ˵ɻɱ
־ͷ˵ûʲôĩǰַѪһǸΣյĩֻѪ˲ܻȥĩַһֱǻǿˣΪһٳЩ겻֪жﰵսѪĻҲˡ
Ѫ᲻ԺСأ
ǰҲ˵ȴҿ϶ַСַ֮˺ӣַѪҲܶԼĺѪߣַҲֻİѪЩ˵ַɱһλ𣿡
ү˵ļǣүղϴʳʱҵʱע⵽үһ˿Թ֮ɫֻүʹ˰ݣȥַ鷳үǲ˶ү
־ҡҡͷ˵ս򶼱ַ̫Զ۵ĳ֮ݣֶ֮ǱַԶˣַĻ˲ַ㣬ǶԼС

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κοЦֹȻˣһ۾Ϳ־ϺĹƣĿǰҪԸַ㣬ҷŹϹһ
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һϲ˵벻һͨҩ裬ȻЧҵȻﵽ㣬ڵַһ¡κ֣㻹ҩеĻһţʱұɵŰַˣ
κҡҡͷ˵ҩֻǷһβЧסÿýҩ
һҩôһ£ŭκ֣Ȼҩңƴˡ
־ŭϲУȴͻȻκӳһ仰ͬ˴ͷһͷˮܡ
ԭǿҩ費ǰһŶ衣
κֵԼĻԼǶ𣬾κֲΪԼԺԼ쵨սľģ˻ʲô˼
˲֪ʱ˴УǼκ֣һһ֣˫ͬʱļͷ
ݺݵĶκ˵κ֣㣬ȻֶҩƭңֻҪ͸ûꣿ
κ˵֣Ҳûƭ㣬ҩȷ۴ƵģκͶ۴˵ˣҪҩ裬ҩ費ˣѾˣʵҩҲǶҩ裬ֻҪ۴ˣҩٶʲôϵ
ķŭ֮ҲƽҲ֪ԼκִĻ˱ļҪ
ֲǣ˵Ȼﵽʮ㣬˵ʵҪ˵ַڴˣҲ硣
ͷ˵ԺĸԸ׷۴ˣģκ֣˵ɣҪʲô
˵仰֮Ҳſ˵һߡ
һȥַסŮ飬ַ㲻ϲŮƫƫҪŮˣҵҪַķӦ
˵Ҫ飿
κֵͷ˵һһ룬ַӹ㣬һûңھȥַס
κֶ˵˻ѣ˫һʼ̸֮ǰκ˵ɱַ㣬ַŮ˱ȫڣκȴҲַߵƯŮˡ
ӰӳǵĶ裬ÿµĽҩκתȻκִ
Զˣʮ˵ǲǸһȥ
ǻǵַʵʵİŮ͸ǵĻҲˣܾ⼸λӰӳǵѣᵱɱַ㡣
ãǰַһ⣬һΣҲҪӣҪĶӱ


532  ѽ
ַɹˣ֮жУûסҴԺ
һ죬ַյκֵİ
֣ʤҲ˵κκҵҪû뵽ȴߵһ𣬻һַ㣬Ǵ˵еĻǸ
ǰ⣬СӦú޴ǲŶԣΪʲôκһ磬˴Ʒ
ŰģҽŰһ٣Ϊ˳ҵһ࣬ȻҪҴˡ
˵֪κһʮأƽûյ飬粻Ҫ⡭
ַһ̯˵ֻʵʵ˵ѡ
ַ㵱ȻʸţҲбǮţһַϵǿ֣ĵ֮ۡ
ǣ۶ûǰֵˣ˲СĿ
ȫбǮƲκˣκֿбַȴûаǵ׼
ַ֮Ц·ǰûзκֵİ£ʮ̧˻ʹС
ַʵλǺ⣿
ЦǰڳţΪһʱ죬Сã˷ר̹лЩӣǵ֬ˮۣϣܹЦɡ
ַͷԼķ˳ʲôȱ֬ˮȴ࣬ƫƫ˳Ůر࣬Ű˵Լ˶Կڵ
Ȼ˵ĩлȥӲһЩǿŮʳ֮ȻϣԼˬƯһ㡣
ĩк֬ˮһŮƷ̵̻꣬Ҫ򵽶֬ˮҲ
Ҳѹ֣ϣ֮ǶıԵԷ涼£Ȼ֬ˮЩ֮
ǱʶŮǰģͳЩ֬ˮۣԼߵŮҲȷҪҲǻľˣȻܸ㵽ô֬ˮۣ
ַȻ˵Щȫ¡
֣ʤַԣȻ˵磬ҿЩ˴˷ǲ⣬óȻЩƺЩװɣ
ûʲô׵ģ˰͵ĶҪвѽ
ַЩκֶһЦ˵̣˵ֶ̣ǧŲƵĵ
ַȻǵȻҪԼˡ
˵͸СЩһΪǰСõǸΪС顭
ַҵ÷ԺȢӣ˱㻥Ϊ÷򣬻Ϊ˸磬ҲûܹǵĹϵ
㴿¶һ˿ãû⵽ЩȻ˵Ի
˲֪ܣϲģ٣֣ʤ¶Цı
ǸʲôȻҴѷ˳ˣϲ
飬ǷˣִģҲľ˶ַ֪á
֣ʤ٣ȴ֪
Щ꣬˶ϸ֮⣬κ˶ٴɫںܶ˳ǶУַһ˵ġ
˺εºܣȻַŮˣ
ַһ˵㿴һۣ˵ˣ£Ǹĳ⣬ҪˣͿͣ
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ַܾҲ޿ɺǣƫƫô޳ܵˣӰӳǵǿǰַģȴ뵽ַ
֣ʤһ̧˵λɣ
ԺƤһҲȻˣô׵뿪˵Щ֬ˮҲ˲ٵѪռģܰװˣ
뿪ĻԼ˷۱Լƴַ㷭ҲҪ취㵽֣
ַ㣬Ǿҵ÷򣬲Ŷ˵˿ڲǹŴֻҪͶϣҪ˵ģǸĸҲֹһ𡭡
ͻȻһ¡
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κӰӳǿҲо޹⡣
ӰӳǿߣΪκֱݻģһ㽫ȫַϣֻҪַ㶯ָǾǰַſ¡
ȴû뵽ַûַ֣ȴˣһƣǱȼǰַƴûݵĶ࣬κӰӳǿҲеһδЩ˼顣
ѾͷôôˮСŮôȴҰҪ˵򲻿ȢȢѾͷֻԺҲס
֣ʤ٣ǶԽû¶˾ı
٣ĩǰپʶ֪ȷһ˵СŮ
ĩ֮һҲû𣬵һ𣬾ȻһԳƢƵҪ塣
Ϊ˴۾ַȴûо⣬ᣬԸҲͣ淢ַɱҲҪ˱ᡣ
죬ķˡ
ֻǰܱתףˣԼˣѾͷСϸֳ޹ǣԼ
ѻ𣬵Ȼһʿģ˵ӣҺĺ飬ܾҲ֮УΪʲôȴ˴ˣ
ֻ֪ʲôʱҲûͶϹҵҵĻ˵ѣҲŸһ桭ԺٸҶ˵ΣʱͲһˡ
ź˪ģȻһ̵һ˵ӣҲûѣҲû˼ҸղֻǾһӣ˵ˣд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣҲǴˣ飬ҲȻ飬ȻңȻĲġӣһλ᣿
˵⻰ʱϵıܳרעټȷú˧ģԿԵŮϥ򵹣װøˡ
ֻǿϧ˿̰һ⣬ϻвѪˮ£δЩɷ羰
ַһۣ˧ʮҲȲַ֮һӵġ
İɣҾ飬Ҳκ˵顣
Ϊʲô
Ҫҵĸߡ
֪øĸ磬ܲһ߰ɣ
ΪʲôԣҾҪһߡ
⻰һ㺧°ѾʣоȻְ뷨ַȻɲŮòǺܰ䣬ѽ
ֲԼ鲻мһˣԭּ֮ùĹϵ
ǰΪǸŮڿѾͷһҪļ
ȻԼĸһ𣬶Ǹڹ컯֮˵ô˲ҪŮˣԼһǰǱ崿ƭˡ
ַþãŻ˵ַ㣬˹Ȼµһޡ
ַ¶һ˿Цκһǵַ֣ͬʱ¶˽䱸ģ
ַǾøʢĻĵһǿߣԣһʮ˵һҪСҲ˵
Ӱӳǿκֶַȫ䱸ֻҪַһ֣ȷˣַ㡣
ž
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һԿð̾һֱΪԼҰŮѣһȣԼֱ㡣
벻һҲҰһ棬ԺԼСӼδദʱ򣬿ҪСһЩˣ
һ֮ûпһۣһּΪӵ˵ϣ˵ϸĻٸҶ˵һ䣬ұ˺
Ӱӳǵǿߴ˿ҲƤ죬·ղһƴǵϣһʼһ⣬ǻ˵³ףûз
ַͬǰָһƣǾȻûüֹʹǸе޹⡣
ƺҲȫǣղַĿ⣬·һɽѹǵͷǰȫľַϣű֡
Ӹе޹Դ֮սַ׳־й죬ȴ⣬˺üݡ
аԷģֻҪӰӳǿɱַ㣬Լ㶯СѾͷԼȥ
Ȼ˵κӰӳǿߵ󣬺޺˵ȳ£ѵֹ֮𣿡
ַһԽӿڵֹ֮ڣֻҪܽ㲻˵ˡ
ַĻһӣҲҲڡ
κ¶һ֮ɫ벻ַߵˣԼл
ǰֻ˵ַߣ֮⣬СҲʮȴû뵽ַҲֶΣȻûһ㻹֮
鲻ӦģԼʮǿߣýַѹĲŶԣ
ʵȴǡǡ෴ַȴѹסǣǱַСôǱ
κְã֪ԼóˣǸͷĻ˵ݻᱻȫ⡣
ַ֣Щַ˺ܴһѪ׼õģȻԸ죬һһȻЦԸҲ棬κִ˷ǰԽû飬ַ£
֣ʤκ˵Ȼ֪޷ɹˣתĿ꣬㽫ǶƯĽûƭȥ
κַҪǶԽû֮ǰ˷ַ֮εĹϵ˵ı죬ҲǷַһ𣬲׳
ѵκǵַ첻ɱ⼤ŭַ


533  ﲻ
ַ΢΢һü
ЩȻԽû֮䣬ûзʲôһˣкȻĽŮԼˣûнԼŮ˵ϰߡ
ŮԼƼˮֶ꣬ǳˣƺǵļȢòԼκȻ˵Լ֮ˡ
κ˵٣ҲĲãЩѾӨõĹϵķǳˡ
κӨ飬ַߵ˸оܲӨҲ΢΢ü
Ҳ֪Լַ̫ԶȻַ㷼İַߵŮ̫࣬ǽҲûзǼַ㲻ɵ˼ȻȴҲûм޸˵˼
òʶַ֮󣬱κ˶ûаоˣҲǱ˲ãȴܾЩ˲ʺԼ
κǽ飬ȴѯַ˼˵Ů˵ʲôˣƷǻ
ӨҲǱˣȻ֪κκҵĵλ
ַܾԷĻκҡ
ַ˵һòʧ飬ǽüȲԸ޸κֲ֣ԸʹַΪѡ
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ַԹɫµӨõ⣬ĸԸҪ޸κֵĻֹ¡
Ͼַ㲻ܰѼƯŮԼߣҲǿߵŮԼԸ顣
ַ֣㲻ΪŮ㲻ֵ֮ĺгϵɣŮ𣿡
κԳӰӳǿߣӰӳǿеκһˣַ㣬гӨĻᣬַ㷢ѡ
ַаЦղͣûиκԾѡ
ҲһײĲҪײˣʱҪҲˡ
ַκλûͻȻЦ˵κֵĸȻѮģȴòƶˣĸֲʶ꣬ĸһȱˣҵλֵǷֺǿһŮ㲻ҲƤΪҵλֵĸ顭ΪǵĺгϵƻһҪɴ£
κֶʱȻŭַȡӨԷѣȴû뵽ַȻ޳ܣĸ飬з˼
ƯŮǣĸݵҲȱŮˣַλֵȻҲȱŮˣַȴֵܣĸ飬ַǳԼѽ
κͺСʱ򣬸ױʣƯĸײûиļޣǴżκңĶӡ
˵òκֵĸڵҲ㳤ˣɥʱҲʮ꣬ʱв˶ģںй
û˻ǰϣκֵĸ׾ˣҲӰ쵽κֵĳɳ
ӳκͬʱŹһ㣬ŲŲܾܱ߲ٳɹʿ׷
һֻΪκһõλŵκ˵Ϊǵõκ˵ľء
κҲȷͳκҵҪɫ⼸κҼδģҵƻ벻ƶ
˵κڼ棬κ֮µһˡ
κ֮ĳɾͣȻ벻λͻݵĸ׶Ľ̻壬죬ַȻȻĸ׵ڿˢ
ַĻһᵱ¡
κֵͲ󣬺ȴʮֵң۱ƽĴ֮
λ࣬˵ĸ׵Ļͽܲˣ˭ֻҪ輰ĸףԷƴ
κֻûüŭ֣ʤһ˵ѾŮѣȻǻûн飬ЩǶĴҪȢҵŮѵģұýҾܾĻҴûӣȴȣĸ׾ңҲֻ
˵⻰֣ʤݺݵַһַۣ̫ˣκֵ￪ˢΪʲô˵Լκֵأ
κֵѾʮˣȻ˵ģĺܺãϾжױ֮ܲܿ˵
һκִӦˣԼᣬҪȥκֵĶˡ
ԼԺ󲻵Ҫźһ̫ţһԼС˼ĸɶӣԼԿ
ַǵϷκֵĸף٣˻ԴףŰԼ˳ԼѾ
ַǰԼڻϿ
κֲ֪֣ʤ˵ʵΪ֣ʤַһһַ֪ͣ⼤ŭǷŭˡ
ϣκΪûʲôˣûʲôܹ˺ˣҲûʲô¿ԼŭȻ̲˱˳ĸס
ȻһУκֶ˵κֲҪŭַڹ⼤ŭ㣬ǲĵ
κҲǱȻַ֪ڼŭȻŭ˵ĸĸô죿
Ҹĸˣֻһ常˵ҵǸ常ַˣǵĹϵҽַԸȥɡ
κŤô⻰ҲڷԼ
κַָ˵ַ㣬Ҳûսȴ˱˵ĳ˵⻰Ʀ磬ûꡭ
κ˴ַ㷴ʵɱң
ǡ
ɱҵĻһԺ
Ϊʲô
ұСĲҵҲСĲҵܵƻ
Ȼ׷ӣҽɱ֮һٷһѻ׷ӡ
ַ㲢û֣ʤеԺȻ뵱ɱַ㣬ַ㲻֣ǳֱǵ͵Ϯ
͵ϮַĻʧݣ־ѣ缫ʢ໥֮дǺ顣
ǹɱַ㣬־Ҳ˵ʲô
ַĿκһۣˣԼڳԵӰӳǿ߻Ҫǿһ
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˳ַ֮һֱһо۲û䣬λľڣϣ֮ǵȫս󱳵ƶߣ˵۱ˡ
вɵðԺڣ٣ֻҪʱԼһܽ
ҶһĵģʱһûжնɱٴĻᡣ
һ˳ַһȭ˵ֵܾս˵Ĵս˵ĻƲսˣսҲֵһϡ
ַˣ˵˰죬Ҫһ
ϵѾﵽʮ㣬Լֻʮ㣬ԼһǿҲʮ
ԼҪԸеһ˶һƽڶ֮ǰ˸Լһñ
˵ԼĻƲԼ
Щ˵֮˵ԼǵսԼʵԼܽһԼĴӦǵĻӽˮˡ
ַһ΢Ц˵һ˶ֵˣƲֵܣǲūţƲҲûʲôȴǶκҵĲ𾴡Ҿͽոλֵ桭
Ӱӳǿһü벻ַ㿴ǵ⣬ܾǣûԼַû輰ǵҪȻǵϸӵѿ
ǲôַҰ֡
ȻǰӰӳǿȺַ֣֮˵սôԼֵᲢۣ
ղǸַñ˵Ʋַ㣬ַҲһ˵һֵ֣ܽǶκҵĲ𾴡
˵ĻЩ˵ȥˡ
Ӱӳǿһ˵ȻֵܾͻһսŮ
κֵӰӳǿ˵һǣ
κַȷַ˼ַߵŮһͳҲǷɱַ㲻ɡ
ǼˣҲ֪ӰӳΪʲôǣַڳǣİѴ
Ӱӳǵǿ߱ϣڳڲϣڲ峤ǣκеõĺôȻҪַӰӳ֮ҷԴ
ַ̫ĻҲʧȥӰӳּۻ۵ϣַھ
ַķĸףصˣŸı⣬Ҫһеɱַ㡣
Ӱӳǿֻǰκֵ£ʵȴ£κֲ˵Ҳַᷢ㡣
ȥӰӳǵĳϪַϣҲַϳ˴˵֮ǿַƺ
ᣬȻҪַϳʧ
ַĿ˵˺ܲ׶ԸֻҪɱˣǵսԼĶ򶼻ȫߡ
֪ϲָ粢ս
㲻ҪǽԼĵˣҪǿĥԼİӣҲһܺõĥᡭ
Ӱӳǿ߾ðַȻ˵˵ִ󻰣ûǷ
һЦֵܾͽи֪ʵҲǿɱ˵ģ


534  ʮһ
˿̶ַѾû˿ĸ飬ǰ־ַ״־һնݣݺһ١
򲻵ַ㣬־СˣϣӰӳǿɱַ㣬ֻҪַһַߵ˾ͲΪˡ
ʱƯŮˡ
ַǾɫŮεĹĵģסĻŭţҿַ㲻Ļ׳棬֪д˿˰뷨ҪȻַ
κָǺ޲ýֱַ̻ˣĸһȫ˾أΪĸʥŮˡ
죬ַȴĸ׿ˢǻ˵ڶ˵ĻһȭԷˡ
֣ʤǸ߸ɶȻҪĸ׸̣ǿ벻̡
쳰ĸ׵ַ㣬ƫƫִ򲻹ԷֻаϣӰӳǿϣΣҲŹĸ׵ˡ
еһĽɫַҲ仯룬ĺǰ
Ӱӳǿͬʱ¶֮ɫ
֮򣬶ԪŮ˲£ȴַеıǷƷ
ַеıеıˡ
Ӱӳǿ߶һۣ໥ɫȻֻҪɱַǱԵõܴСˡ
֮Ҳǲ̰
ַеǵ֮Ļǿߵĺ벻ԼȻСϣ
ˣһ㣬Լͱʲô𣬿Լ쵱漪Ǹգ߶
ַ㿴˵¶̰֮ɫȻ׶Էʲô뷨Цһһ̳
ǰһǿӰӳǿͻȻ
ûϵַֻ죬ۼַıҪ壬Ӱӳǿ߸ϽһһӣŸ񵲿ַޱѸݵһ
ַһӰӳǿߣ߽κ˵ûϵַλѲԶˣλֻһʱ죬ŽַһɣֻҪλһַܰԴ
κҲŵ˵Ȼַʮ㣬λӰӳѵȴﵽʮ㣬֮ʮĲַ࣬˲ǰҲһ
Ӱӳǿ߶ַһ֮󣬰ÿĽԼʮ㣬ղҲַܲĪһ
ֲüǰԼļͬϣԭ˵ȷе㱾¡
ӰӳǿŭһҪ
ַĳûջأ΢һת̳
ַڣӰӳǿһһôȸղһ죬Ҵ̳ĽǶȱȵһӵĹ죬Լ˺֮⣬Ȼûκΰ취
Ӱӳǿ޷ֺֻһӽַĵڶ
Ȼκ˵ַ˲ðˣλûַֻңֻҪλӰӳǵһַһ촦
κȴû˵иǸоЩ˼顣
һַãѵһҲûѽӰӳ˱ַǿһأûַܱƵ˵ģ
κиеƣӰӳǵǿȴǻƣַǿһأȴַȵ˳
Ӱӳǿ߱һƺоԼܵ裬ıиǳ˷ŭ
Ϊһλﵽʮǿߣȴһʮǿȵ˳е˾޴ĳ衣
ģԼƴܾˣҲҪַն뽣¡
͵ӰӳǿҪʱִַ̳˵һӹ죬Ӱӳǿ߲˵Ļô㣬ؿн
ӰӳǿֱַƵúһ˵ַǺõˣûϵλֻҪʼַ㣬һΣҶַҲܵõǶԽû
ੲݣκͻȻ˵ûõķϻ˵ʲô
κ治ͬѾӰӳǿЩǰַһӰӳǿĻͲõڶȻӰӳǿߡ
ǰãĵȻҲðɣ
ѵַ죬ʤǿӰӳǿ߽˵ĻַĺԸǾŹԼģ
ԼͬٲҲַĴ˸硣
ַСҲҪڽղһڴ֮ǰַһҪȻС־ϿɲÿԼأ
Լܶôã˽ĵλѵԼ뵽κֶͷĺ鲻ϵĵ
Ӱӳǿ߿иǷҰһŭƾŰַһҲҪԷҪȻԼԶ޷ռҪ˵ܶԷˡ
ַĵĽȻʮֹ죬ȵһ
٣ӨԽû˷ܵĻ
򲻶ɫüȴһ˿ǳ벻ַսĶǿô࣬ѵϵûܹɱ
֣ʤɫЩԣӵ˵ôˣǲﲻ
֪Լʧ̬ˣϽҡҡͷ
Ҳ滹һӰӳǿ߶أ󣬶ŶӰӳǿߣԼַһӰӳǿߡ
Ȼ˵ַԼһӦһӰӳǿߣַĽȵĶӰӳǿĲӰӳŭȻ޷ı䱻ľ档
ֵӰӳǿһסˡ
ͬ飬ҪǿһЩȻַɱĲˣԼַ㽻ֵĻǲԼ³Ҫأһԥû
Ө˵Ļַ̳ʮַǿһصӰӳǿߣȻַȵʮ
˵˽ַ֮ʮӰӳǿֻʮʮ֮УȻûҵһλֵĻᡣ
˿Ҳ˵ˣϹӣҲԿַ˿ѾռϷ硣
һ߲ͷϵ亹һߵսľ˵÷Ȼ֣λǿһصӰӳѶĶ֡
κִ˿̷·ʧȥֻ۾һգҲգĶַӰӳǿߡ
һӰӳǿ߼Լͬ飬ַȵǽǣ˿λͬѾ޿ˣֵַĻֵֻͬס
һŭУֵӰӳǿͻȻӶеıֱַĴȥ
ƴһһӰӳǿߴַһ
ӰӳǿѾƵĺ˺Ͻǽϣо¶˾֮ɫĺ͵ַ㡣
ۡ
ַ̳˵ʮһ
һ׼ȷĴ̴Ӱӳǿߵ࣬Ӱӳǿߵ塣
Өýкܸˣǽɱκ˶˷ܣˣַһսȫΪǣǽҲɸеҸ


535  Ҫ
սеַ˵ҪҰæ𣿡
ȻãԼܽˡ
˵ҪǿһأսȴҪӰӳǿԸߣ˽֮󣬾Ȼһƽ֡
һʱ֮䲢ûʲôΣգַҲûв֣һλĶ֣˵Ҳһѵõĥᡣ
ڣӰӳǿߵĽ¡
ıӰӳǿߵľ֮ʱϸ¶˼˷ܵı飬ոǺͬƻһ㡣
ַа̾Ӱӳǿ㾡ȫĻδػ
Ӱӳǿ뵽ԼΧַһԿӣֻʱڷ֮£˲űһ˺
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һʮСĩ֮ǰҲһСѧ
ĩУȴֻɱ˲ܻȥСͣΪɱַĬȻ
ʱַоԼ治Լʮʱ򣬻һİ˶СкʱѾʼΪ˻ȥɱˡ
һ꣬ҲŮΪһͤͤСŮˣǳȫʢŮսʿ
뵽Щַ㲻֪ǸеοӦ˸С
Ҳͣ͸ôڽɵĩһѧ峵Ҳֵס޵һצӣ˲˽Ů
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ҲڱУСϾҪһʢĻ磬Ĵ˸磬ڻ֮ǰɱСƺЩס
ҲΪַ㲻ɱֻǽѵһٰˣַȴûԼСĺûëǮĹϵûС
ַҲһ򲻰ν鿴һ㵹Ǻۣһλ˾ӵĻַ㵱Ȼᾴ
ȴһ㪵Сˣˣַɱ˿ԼҲ⡣
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κ֪һ֣ԼַϣȻΪԼˣȴûȥ
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Ҳ֪ĽŲȥһӶδյ˳ǡ
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ھĻ֮κԾףӰӳǿ߶ˣַɣû֤Ҳȷʲô
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һҲǣԼСø磬飬ַ㲻ӦԼҲûɱԼɡ
˵ˣӰӳǿκֵ£Լθɣ
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ַɱһɱ˵ߣ
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˭˵ַɱҪ֤ˣֻҪַ㻳ɵˣԥɱ
ַ㣬ǲ
֣ʲôʱ˵ַǽˣ

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˵֮κЩջ˵κ쵰ЩδļȻַսҪϵȥ
һκҵ˵ַ㣬ҲԽԽκҷѵַ㣬Ҳһңҵ˶Ҳ˼
κǸ쵽ѵַҲûʲôȴӰӳǿ߹ᣬ㲻˽˶Թˡ
κ⻰֮еĺĳԱסˡ
ʲô
κ󵨣ȻӰӳǹ᣿
Ӱӳϰ磬ɱ˻ϣ֮ôˣǳǣҲ֪жڰ֮ԼӰӳϣκǱȫࣿ
һͽϴʵʼ˵⻰֤ݣ
κͻȻʮǿߣǿߣϣ֮ûУ֮ҲûУĵһǿַҲûǿԺδ˵𣿡
κжѾܿ϶ǿߣһӰӳǡ
һκҳߵ˵κ飬ΥκǧĹѵڱȫ࣬˱ϳ͡
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ַ㲻ǣκӰӳǵ֧֣Ҳǣ飬ǲ⣿
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һҲǣκ⻰еַ㲻ǣӰӳֵ֧κҲǣκԺô죿
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˷׷׵ͷκ򷴶Եλκҵѵʲôˣǧңκ֮ǧ겻ܣҲΪкֵܶԭ򡭡
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κ׵Ļ˼֮У֮άǧ겻ܣΪһԼʼվһ
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κңңǧңȴûȥ׬ȡЩѪȰ롣
վһߣȫΪУȷΥκϴĹѵҪǣҲΥһ˵ߡ
κ׼ᶨ˵һκҵĹͬԣκֿκңԺκκûκιϵκ£κûκιϵκִ治˵ö֮

ַ㻺ıκŭַ˵ַ㣬ûκ֤ݾ͸ɱңԺ͵κ޾ıɡκұ㣬Ҳᱨҵˣһ죬ұˣǺҵס
κҶˣҲ⽫κҵȫɱ⣬ĻͲ⣬ֻҪҽзҵˣԼҵȫɱԺȻûܹˡ
κһ˿벻ַײУȻԼڼҪڳǴɱ䣬ֱԲ˵ֻҪɱзˣԺû˼ˡ
⻰ôһɱ˿ħܻ˵Ļַһɱ˿ħ
ʱһŶ룬κ̧ͷȥκһеһ֮κԽսκҲһǿߡ
ѵκԼˣκһ˿ϣеԽֵܣκַ֣ҪɱңϽ֪ͨκ
κԽûκһۣǽһűϹϾĽַϡ
ַ㲢ûпţƾκԼκҵ˽⣬Ѿµŵݡ
ַ㽫ŵݵκϣЦڿĿˣ
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ֱܹӹַ˵÷򣬽޹أκ쵰ƭġ
ַһĿŽµ˵ֲСѵǷǶԴֲױ˹Ķ˫ǵĻȻҪã
ַеıȻֻһ£伸ͬʱ
ҽһλøѪˮ磬ֻס˴ϣѪˮȻָ


536  ص
һ۾ˣԼҲ˧һ䶼ûˣԲԲͬһƤһ˧ëѽ
˿̵ɱĶУݺݶַ㣬ƿڴбɱң
á
ַеıԥն䣬ͻȻеҪҪɱҡ
ɱķֻ»ҵĽ
ѽ÷˵̫ˣҵȷѽ
ַĿκ˵¼ȻҲֺң͸뵽Լ³ɣ
κֹȻйˣЦַ㣬ΪУ㳹Ӯˣ
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ҲǶҲ˵ӰӳǵǿѾ˳ǣ۴˲ձٳ£ʱ˽һ
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κڵĹͻȻ죬Ķͷϸ˶ĺ飬Ȼҧûг
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˵κľǱַľϵģɴ˿֪κֵʱʹжôǿҡ
ַľעԷʱκڵĹͷ죬Ӳûзһ
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ַȻŹȴκڵ磬٣Ҳβκֵˡ
ԺκֻһַҪԼδܳİӰӳǿߡ
κվһԲˡ
Ѿַ㳹׸ˣַûֹ˼֣ʤ˲ûֹ¡
֣ʤַһ˵磬ûҷô죿
ɱˡ
÷򡭡ҪɱңϾҪСˣɱң˵ǵϲ죬δҲʧȥΨһľ˾ˣˣҪɱң

ȻԼκֶˣɱҲûʲôҪԼϾҪСˣ»֮ǰɱԼĴ˸磬ȷʲôֵÿҫ顣
־Сϲ˵ʲôжٻЩӰַŷ
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ĩҪıûû˻ȥϣ
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κʧıӰ֣ʤʵΪʲôκ֣
˵ַĴ˸磬ַŷŹĻַȴûзŹκֵκɡ
ַЦ㲻ýһҰĲ˱һԼĿԽԽңңڣһ˼𣿡
ģΪĥһˣԼκκȻϵˣվϵӰӳǵǿߣĻܼڳ绽꣬һ²ǣôĻ᣿
ַЦЦ֣ʤǺ˽Լ
ԼҪĥκֵĻ֮󣬿Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻ֣ʱܽκ״̬ȥ
ַ֮ûΪȴΪԭ
֣ʤ׷ʣַЦκָղ˵ӰӳǿѾǱ˳ǣһжģЩ˵Ĳص㣬ֻκһ֪κʮӲնһһţҲδܴʳӰӳǿߵϢ˵ĻҪҳӰӳǿ߾ˡ
֣ʤȻԭκ֣Ҫ߳ӰӳǿҪԸǣز죬ֻκӦֻҪӰӳǵǿһϵκ֣ǾͿ˳ϣǱ볤ǵӰӳǿһˡ
ôãȻû׸
ŹΪʲôأ
ϻȻΪҵĴ˸ˡ
û뵽Ȼں
ַ֣ʤۣԭ֣ʤУԼһײϵļһ
֣ʤ˵Ҳ˵ԼһʼȷɱĴ㡣
Źǹ˼飬ǵı˵ԼκֶŹˣȴԼĴ˸¶֡
ȥĻϵ˵˵Լ̱ѶԼս֮ҪǣԼġ
Լȴɱ˲˵Լÿأ˵ԼǼ⡣
ɱ֣ʤһҲǣµԼ⣬Ҳ˵ɣôܻƵã
ַȡ˵ҪȥһҴԺ
ЦôҪȥԼĴ˸Ǹˣ
ǸǸҲҽܣȥҴԺҪһС顭
һĲãַعͷ˵֪ڰңһ˿λޣĩַӢۣ޵ӦòñЩ٣в꣬Ҿ㡭
⻰ֲˣַ亹ֱ˵һһ

κֻصԼıʱĸѾȺʱˣκװһµģ˵ĸףǽȥɣ
֣ĸλǰҹ¡
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κ˽κ׵һױκֵϣκавãǷŵʱеݹȻϡ
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ӰӳǿѪ׿ڸۺܿͻǣֻҪǣʱƱػΪһƬ档
ȻԼͶۣܱסԼ˵ܱг൱һͨ࣬ҪǣֻҪͶۣһܺõǰ̡
ȻǵĻѾΪ֣ԼģΪԼĳһ·
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ҹٵʱκֲûеȵӰӳǿߵĵȴյһصż
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κֶʱһ亹ԭַƻ֪ͨԼĻֻԼıַˡ
˭дأ
ϵּ㣬ƺǳŮ֣֮е󣬸ǱַҪȥҴԺһˣַеľ·ߡ
κаɻַ֪·ߵˣһַ߼Ϊ׽ˡ
ŵϵּǳŮַ֣֮ߵŮԼͨ籨ţͨԼ֣ɱַأ


537  ˭Ե
ַ㵽־ĸϣСĴ£ȥ־ҡ
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֪ȫκһģκѾڸҵżнһУҲлһͬ
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ԭ־ֻһַּͻȻһ£κ׶κʮأκκҵĶǲҲһּأ
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죬Լ¶κӰӳǺһ£κûκɨسţĻҵļûһǼ
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ַ㣬㲻ˣҲû㵱ˣܶ໰ұ˵סһֱҶϣСܽҵļĺܶȴᷴ¡Ϊˣֻм򣬲ó˴ʱ򣬽ɨسţʱС˳ĳΪҵļ̳ˡ
־Ȼ˵ַȴͬ˵С̳ҵļ֮СƱҪڳǣԼȴڷ˳ǡ
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ַ˵ͷԼĻû˵꣬־µԼ⣬Լ˹ǸıԶǵϺꣿ
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©ϢĿԲ˵ҪԣɳļԱҲǶʮĵš©ϢκҲӦʵڼţ飬Ҳǰ˼⡭
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֣ʤһҲûждƿɵ΢΢˫ۣ۽ǸỬ䡣

һıײеذױɣ䵽˵ϣذϣɫķ⡣
ȻذͿ˾綾
ٴΣ뽫ذ״ַ̽࣬˿̣ȴذ׽Լذ׾Ҫ׷۵ľ֮ʱһѷɹĶ̽еذס
֣ʤͬʱĿ٣ǲΪʲôеذס
׹һЦ˵ˣҲһ㺦ˣǲ׵ȥðգôŰɱңɣ
֣ʤ΢΢һԽַɱȴܲЩŰɱַֹ㣬֣ʤɵ̾һʲôҲû˵
ΪһŮ˶ԼĴ磬ȷҲӦá
ƽ˵ַҶ˵ɱ磬ûʲô෴Ĵ磬Ϊ˽𣬱뺦ˣһиĴַҪźʤһӣΪΪ
ʲô羹ȻĹ

ַԴʧ˵ȻҲ֪κֵȥ
Դм˵ʴ壬⼸˵ѡ
ַҡҡͷ˵ѾͷһǼΪִŮҲδ˵ҵĺáʤֵܣķҲʲôҲҵƨɡ
һ˵Ż죬ƨƭ˭ԺĶѧѧšĶȥ̹Ŵ½ѧƨı£ֻҲѧˡ
֣ʤɫ˼֣˼˵ΪԼҲƨҵŮ˷˴ַŹҲΥ㼸ƨ˵Ĳȷû˵ûУһǿܸмġ
ַ治ɫȴһ亹ԭ֣ʤ˸ߵĵλ
֣ʤƣɱĻԽԺԼֵܴܵӰ죬˫һҲиĤ
ַʵκֵϢ𣿡
֣ʤͻȻʲôһԴ˵ϣκĸײΣϢɢȥ֮κֹȻͶȴҪ㡣
ҲҪ͹ȥ
κͶַϣַȴеЩڣɱۣɱ־ʮ֮ͽַ㲻˿ԥ
죬ַȴκǣңκûһǣҵĻ׽κ֡
һΣԼ˱˵ץס˶Է
ȻֶЩˣַȴԼοԼ
κֱ˳ǣȫ࣬ԼʲôֶץסҲΪ˳ǣΪȫ档
һ룬ַԼֶҲˣİ


541  ȵ
֪ĸײΣκ־ؼһˣԡ
κ֣۴ϾҪˣȫԵȵ۴Ժɱȥ۴ǰַҲһСϣֻҪ۴һ֣ȫǿ߶Ҫʯ١
κҡҡͷ˵ҿԵȣҲ֪ҵĸ׿ɲԵȣҵĸزһַйأҪȥҵĸס
һַ㣬µȦףȥһĺܲң
ΪӣܿԼĸвȶԹۣҸ˵ҵĸδ£ҲȥĻȴĳ¡
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κ֣µˣôΪֶŮۡ
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Ҫýҩȴֲòͨκ֣κַ
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ĵСѾǷһˣҲʲôʸԼԼĽֵ֮Ǯ
κߵʱ򣬻عͷ˵Ӱӳǵλ˺ܿҪˣλ˵Ļ͸뿪Ϊ˽ַȫ
κַģĻһת۴ˡ
κֵıӰݺ³һĭ˵һɱ˵ķʲôһΣַôŰ㣿

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ϻȻһˣ˵֮ǱҲԶˣһҪһߣֻҲܷԷһڴ򲻹ʱߡ
¶˲˼ıӰӳǿ߾жʹĵսַԷƴľĶûУûȥȶߵĴơ
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Ѫϵƺ㣬ַһѪǿ̫࣬Լͳ񹭣ҲδضԸ˶Է
ѪȻ۵ʦܣȻ񹭵˽⣬˵п񹭵İ취ǿĶǰԼ֣ʤһϣҲǴ˵Ķ֡
ǰκ˵Լ֮֮ܲ߻˵κֹȻ˵󻰡
ַѪԳ۵÷ͻȻ֮ĺŮҶ磬Ҷвֵܽã֪ǰȢҶĽ㻹ã
ԼҶϵãһ˽׵鷽˵ԼѪţֻҪԼ˵ҶĹϵ˵ѪԼΪѣ
ַ¶˵΢Ц˵ԭѪ֣ѪǾŴƾݹϵԪҲҪúдһѪ֡
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ԼҪŬһѣˡ
ֻҪԼʹУѪһԼΪѣַɫʵѾҶ˽Ϊǲݡ
仰Ѫپһ˺ôûʹԼŤѪкһ˵棿
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ѪپذԭԼеŮˣ类ǰС̣ˣҪȻô֪ؿ롣
ʵҶؿûѪҲ֪ȴ֪Ҷľȷһź롣
ʵַҲ֪Сûк룬Ϊ˵һ㣬ѣҶ羱иССĺ룬⵹ǧȷ
һ棬˵ѪˣַϹƣѾҵС˺ӣô֮Ůʶ
ַܴݵ˵СȻҵŮˣĩ˭ֹ涨һֻȢһŮˣСδӣҲδӣమ壬Ѫٰݡ
ѪĻҲѹסˣԭбҶ磬Ȼһ¼Ůˣȴ类ǰСˣͻȻе˺ѷεʹ
ַĻǼŭѪַ֪ԼҶлԼ˵޳ܵĻ˵Ҷˣ˻˵Լݹϵʲôƨݣ
Ѫһ˿ɱƿڴȵģ


542  һ
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¶˲˼ı飬ѵַλ֮Ĵݹϵ𣬻ַˣ
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϶ʱЦ˻ԭѪַ㣬ַĿ㱻Ѫʶˡ
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Ѫ֣ݹϵ㲻˷ɣ
쵰˭ݹϵ쵰Ż֪Ҷʲôϵɣ
ʲôϵѵĹϵ
ʦ׿ڽңȻҵŮˣ˵ôĹ㣿
ַηѡ
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˵һٰÿأҶĸ飬ԶԶùϵָѪһ£ҲΪѪֵŵԡ
Ѫַ㣬ÿɱ˵Ŀ˵ַ㣬ҹҵŮˣڹ컯֮°ܻδ޵أҲŹ㣿
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Ҷĵطпź룬Լô֪ģóҲѹѪԼĻȻŭҪԼƴˡ
ԼһˣѪղûɱԼ֮ģԼЩҲ˵ʲôŹԼˡ
ַаźѪǲѪԣȻûԼҲһսˡ
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˵ַʮȻַ㻹ûȴѾһĲҽ
·ѾԼ壬ĽƬ

ַǰɱˣѪӷŭˣȻںַڴ
Ѫûü˵ԣַе񹭱ͻȻתһ֮Ѫ
ַиǰЦһСС򣬻ֵ񹭣񹭣Ŀ굱ȻѪ
ȻвøڴӵĶַȴС飬ó񹭣ȻҪԸѪͷϻˣ
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ѪҲûϵַȻҶ֣ʱ򣬽Ѿ䵽Ѫǰ
ΣУѪһ˦չľ޴Ľ˽ȥ
ѪһǵлϢĽʧӰ٣ַ̾ϵѪһп񹭵İ취ҵԤϹȻ
Ѫһ㱻ַ⻰
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Ѫַ㣬޳ܵС˱Ͳûϣھ㣬ҲԪࣿ
ַ㳯֣ʤʹһɫǸϽЦɱңҿݣ㿴ķϣҲɣ
Ѫͷ֮һԽթƣѪеٮٮߣȴַ㣬ǽթ޳ܣԷ
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Ѫ˵֮ݺ꣬û޳ܵˣҶδޣַ㲻֪Ļпԭ
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ŭͬʱ֣ʤһһңֱͬѪѪ쿪˫ƣָֻͬʱһǿľͬʱ֣ʤϡ
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յɳʮ֮󣬲ס壬ȻûеѪѾļΪ԰ףȻ˲ˡ
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ǰߣҵ磬ÿһ仰
ַҲ˵ĻѪȴңѪԶַ㣬ԶԪˣȻнʱ
еĽַԺв˸ͻȻ֮䣬սߣǴﵽʮ㣬ֱǰһء
ַĽü߸𣬷·СҪϷɳһֱѪҪĿ˵ҽͻ磿
ַȫһ֮£еıǰ̽һߡ


543  ˭˭޳
Ѫ¶һ˿ɫ벻ַʱ̣ͻƣﵽʮ㡣
ַİʮȻвСľ롣
˿̵ѪϵıָЦŵͷ˵벻ʱ̣ȻͻˣϧҲ̫󣬾ͻƣȻһ
վַ棬Ѫ¶һĳڵľǰγ޷Խϣַ֮ǿ֮Ȼ˺Ѫǰķ
ȻѪַȻûκεı飬ֻרע˫սֱѪľѪɱ
Ѫад⣬ǿַ̫࣬ɱַ㣬׾ٵ飬ַ̳һʱֻҪܿһȭַܻ㡣
ַһ̹ʱûжܣǽȫľ⵽ǽû뵽ǣַϵͻȻǣı㹻̵ǰߡ
ʱѪھջصĻַĳǰһݣҪ˴˿̿ʵ̫Ѫǰһʧᱻַһ̴
˾һѪľһյĻͻᱻַһַ֮ľǰľıַ㡣
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ѪȻҲ֮ĸǿߣַסԷƳƽ֣پ޹⡣
ѪĵǣдΪʾԼԶԶʤַĻҲǰ־档
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ʱһַֹȥַȻǸƵģݣַȻԪۣȴ֮ߵȼԪռǿᲢۡ
Ѫƽ֣ȻѪַű˭ס
ѪڳסˣЦַ㣬˵߻вƯŮɱ㣬ٽЩŮ֮򣬽ֵ֮һ棿
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ַ㷴༥˯Ů棬ƯһȻһҶŮǰȣظŮǼƷѽȻѾûˣȴȻؿڵĺ붼ԸУûлῴɣ
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Ѫûмŭַ㣬ȴַ㼤ŭˡ
Ѫ׵ģַ˵ǸŮ˵һѪļһﶩףǸһĻ֪ԼԼŮ˶סһһͷ֪ô£
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ŭ֮£ѪǰܼľͻȻһ˿ַ㱦ǰһͣһͣеıǰƽߡ
ѪһΪȫԽַı֮⣬Ĵ⣬Լַıǣʹַıǰƽһߡ
˵ַܽƼһߣѾļˣַȴͻȻҶ磬˵ȥҶ磬Ѫеܵ衣
Ҫ˵Ѫ֮Ķǿߣһ֮ǿߣδޱƭߣҲһΪ顣
Ѫ޷ܵǣƭδ޷ĵģȻƲԪ̲סͷ
񼤵֮£ַıǰƽ˶ߣԼļЧַһֱޱ¶һ˿Ц⡣
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ַǰϲֻҪԼıǰߣҪѪ±ǰһߣҲشѪ
ԼվѪȥĻȺľǸһԼԼֻнһ̣ͷۻ֮ʣһɱ
Ѫҿ㻹ǽѪɣδ޶ҸˣȻͳѪˣԪʱ˫˫ɣ½ԣһҹ
ѪԼǰıһԲ֪޳ܶԶԶȲǰˣԼĻ˵ֻԼ
Ѫиö⣬ַ˵ʲôûȵַڵľľ֮ʱԼٳ֣һĲҲ̶á
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ַ̧ͷȥ˵ǶһԵκ֡
жʱЩκȻˣ˿ԼѪ˵κֳ֣ܴƽ֡
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κӭַĿ⣬ַվ
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ƽʱַȻὫκָ첲ϵ󹭷ڣȴһҲˣѪ˭ȶԴ
񣬾ַѪ˵ˣȻһʲô˵ķˣ˵ȥֻ¶ûš
κעַ㣬Ȼַ㣬·Ҳ㱨˹ȥҵĶ飿
˵仰κֵָ۶󹭵İֱַؿڡ


544  ˵
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˿Ѫ֣˭һԴַԵĿܵɧŵͬʱѪһûҪ
һݿѹܸصգֻҪǸѹյһݾУַѪֵʱκǸѹַһݡ
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гһӣַֻе벦ԱȸղŻʮٶȷ˻ȥκֵԴ䱬
κԴ䱬һ˲䣬ѪǰľѾһֻεĴ󴸣صĻַؿڡ
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ַͬߵķһ㵹ɳ˼ףһѪĿ˳
Ѫһַǰһ־ӸµĿ˵ٶ࣬Ҳҧֻܸץˣ˵ĺѿҾҪŵˡ
ɱңҲı䲻ҵŮһȳʵɱֻ˵飬㱣סԼŮˣòԼİŮ˵ģǰѾ̽䡭
˵⻰ʱַ¶ʤߵЦݣѪǰװΰװǿҲѪǰװ
ԼڶԷҲûʲôһҪѹԷ
ѪַȴҪѪ֮ĸǿصŮ˻ȻԼģ
ǰҺ˵˵ҽȻרŻŮ˵Ҫ
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սǱе̾ϢʵĿƺÿַ㱻֮ǿɱŶԣ
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˵˵Ķԣϴȷûɣֻҵɰˡ
ǣսǱзУַϲҴܣ㵹Ĵͷ⣬ַˣ㻹ҪһˣսǱǸļһһӴһطĻŹأ
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ַ㿴һ˵ôʲô˭˵ԼһûԽǹ͵ˣĴԽ࣬ѪԸ⳶ɤӺҲˣһë


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Ѫд࣬ѪĴЦ˵ԪݾͲˣɱԪҲǶôѪȵ顣
ɱʱ򣬲ûصȥ룬ЩȥĶ֮ǰǶôʹ࣬пģֻһ顣
Ѫ֮ܶԪеͲˡ
һ󺺾ŵ˹ѪṴ˹ָ㲻ܿƵƮշɵѪǰ
ңַ
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Ĵǣַ˫Ҳɲȥ֮Ѫתѯʾ˾
һսʿ˵˾˾λãѪֻ˵һлл㽫ǰսʿ塣
Ѫϵ˾ʱ򣬾˾Ľתס
ȻȫǾĻףѪɱ˾˾ſڣƬƬʿУ˾ǰʦŭˣǲŻһӿ˳
̨߼ʮ׵ĺɫгһƬԶԶȥһƬɫĺΪΡ׳ۡ
̨ײУѪǲм˵һȺҲڱǰҾʰǣȥҳĽ׵ַ㡭
ʮ̨һѪѪеľֱӼЩ׵Ľ飬ǰսĻȻһеĳѪ
ЩʦȻ֪ǵѪ̫ԶҲ֪ԼǳǵϣǶĻҲơ
Щ˲Ļʦľˡ
˵Ѫԣ˵ҲǺˣлʦ˱֮ģԼǣҲҪֲĸߵȼԪǿͬھ
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˵ǶַԲǶַ㳤˼Զ˹˵ԼΪӪȫǵˡ
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ν˫ݣķɽ֮µʱ಻
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˵ִ磬ôһˣһʼ㱾ֵַģ˵ȴɫ
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Өɬһͷ˵Ȼˣǿʼɣ㡭Ҫͷȥ׼ǽ·
ַЩΪȻԼ㲻ǽ·ѵó֮󣬲ǻҪҪԼ
ַҲ֪ǽƤҲ֮飬ٵŮеһٵʱҲ
õʱ̣ǵҲڴҲẦ£иҲ۵롣
һУ˳ڽǵʱʹװУŮ֮ôһ¡
ַĻعͷȥڣӨöһۣεҡҡͷߺѵϵȹԼء
ַȻûлعͷȥĺȴ
ԵĺϽǽϾȻŮĵӰ·Ķǿһһ
ַаУɲԹԼʳѽǽûϵϽǽܹǵĵӰԼ۸ˣ
Ө·ʱɬԼǽ·֮Ķ̬ǲһַ˷ܵĺֹ
˫Ҫʼˣ


547  Ƶû֮ý
ִ磡
ַ˵Խûеࡣ
ãģͣξһģһǲ˵ַ㻹ֲĸǽ㣬ĸá
ڣַǽڵķӰпǽһģһ壬һ޳ȣһСɱزһϸ֫߸βģͬĶŮѷԯ
ַһִǽϷֻһˣڽǶȵԭȴŮŪӰ֪ʵϵȻһ¡
Խû·֮ʱѷԯ·֮󣬸Ҳκβͬĵطһ˵ַ㻹ǿܹ֮У˭ǽ㣬˭á
ãẬûô󵨡
ַŶ϶˵Ů࣬ȿڣŷԸҲǽַתȥȴ˼˵˲źĺַһ
ʵַزͷҲһҲͨǽڵķǽõ壬ǽϹۿǽãϾͬۻۿĿĸ
ַ㻺عͷǽÿǽһ㣬޴Ƶַ֮ǽõˣôǽûûмַ֮ˡ
ַżף໥̹֮ԣǽø
޳ַ㣬ǽʶסԼ˫ۣȻԴָ͵ַ㡣
Ȼǽ˫ַûȻЧǸǿԴָйۿַ㣬ǽȻǽΪԼֳŮеɬɣ
ӨȻû˵вɵð԰ޣַãļͷ޳ϸԼɢŽļ⣬ǽ̾ѡ
ַȻǻĵһǿߣϵļ⣬ȴĩǰЩ㽡Ľһ˵ļȻǺ׳˶ȴơ
ˣ͵ؼɿŸԼͷ¡ļ⣬ɢ˵Ĺǽòɵĵ̾Ϣַĺá
˿ַ֪֣ʤĽԼ㹻ɵģҪ˵ֻҪ˾ͻĽԼôһƯĽû˫ݡ
ԽĽûƯģΪ֮ڣĸˣܹͬʱӵɰһԽûᷢĵĸе㡣
һһģһƯûңˣ򸴺
ַ㻺ǰһŮǰŮˡ
еԼͻȻֱַ࣬ŮźϵʱŮԲһ£ϸ¶֮ɫ
ַ㰲οŮ˵Ҳ֪˫ôһ£Ҫ˫ݣͱͬǲԸ⣬ھ뿪
ַĻҲǷģȻӨ˫ݣΪǰᣬͬʱҲϣǽû
ַΪ˴ȴԼԭԼǿȥǿŮôϲ顣
ҲϲԴ壬ŮԼҸ˵仰
ַ˵仰֮󣬹ȻЧŮͻȻ˫ۣǰסַ׳ľǣǽõشˡ
ʱʤ
ַҲĻӦţͷŮСУȡŮеĸ𣬶ԷĿˮǺ壬ͬɽȪˮ
˫˵ҲǲҪ˫ݵĿγҲûıĿַŮǣҲַֻǽûٳӶѡ
˫֮ǰĵҲ˵ȫûã˫ݵ˫Ĺͨ˵˫ĸԽι̣˫ݵİԽ
ַǽǣҲǶһ٣Ҷ˵һģһĽûǣõ֮һ
߹·ܴ
ĳǽַ֮㸧ŻŮӰ⻬˵ࣿ
ǰŮַһ˵ɶ˼ϰ㣬ȴֲ˭ûģ
ַһǣһ٩Ŀ˵ҷֲĻ㲻˵ˡ
Ůûзϣַ֪ԼȻ¶ˣ֮ܲ¶ԣǴòжϳġ
ʵǽǳ̫ˣڲ·£Ҫ˵ַ㣬ֻһ𳤴Ů飬ǽò˵£Ҳֲ˭ǽ㣬˭á
ǽƽʱȻͬ·ַȴԴ·¾ɳ̶ֳ˭ǽ㣬˭ãǰΪˡ
ûƬȫͬҶûȫͬˣַ֪仰Ҫˣǽôһģһ
ۿû˿ԿǽûǽõԸȴָͬҪȻַӵǣҲ֪Լӵһ
Өׯ飬
ãĵӸһЩղŮסԼľǣǸٶַŶ϶ǰŮࡣ
ַԼƯӵ飬Өвû˿Ķʼɣֻ¶Цݣַ˫ݵǿ˼֡
˫֮Խ˫ݣһһŮĽϡ
ֵ˵Ļ˫ݱɹһжŮǶһŮյĽǺ˺˸ĻĽһһ
ַȴ֪һ£ǰŮãǼһһ𳤴СӰ룬һ²˵Ҳ֪Էʲô
˵ǽõͨģǽϾûͨ
ĩǰһѧһʵ飬˷ֱ۲һصá
˸еǣڵصĽ㲡ˣԶҲеĲˣõĲҲʧˡ
ӻкַֻܶ࣬ǽеһ˫ݵĻֻ»ʹеһŮӰԼ˫Ů飬˫ʧܡ
ǽôûзֿʱ̷ֿή˫ݵĳɹʡ
ӨûͨԽǽÿһˣַ˫ݣʧܷļʣӼĳɹʡ
ҪǣһһģһĽûɽǽãһƣҲƣȻһƸˡ
˵׽ãõĻַȻǽһ˫ݣãһȱĬ
ͬĵͬʱӵлƽѪĻַҲһ˫ݡ
ֻѡеһı̻ǻƽѪַҲĳԡ
̻ǶһĬ
ʱַͻȻеҸһһģһĽû˫ݣԼ˵ǰ޹˺˰ɣ
ȻвãǶȴδǻƽѪǻƽѪһģһȴδǽƯ
ַȴƫƫԽɰĽûǸӵлƽѪɫǽκ˳޲ѵļƷ
Դʱ˾ַҲòӯ˵һ䣬Եѽ
ַıǰǣӨҲӱַָı⣬ں߱סַĻ
ַȻܺ˱ˣӨһĳǣͬʱǰַӨǰӨǰѩס
Өǰ˫壬ֿǰΡΡҡεСã¶˼ģ
ַһεжϣԽûȻһģһǰضһģһƾַۣ㿴˰죬޷˵˫кβͬ
ַ˵ԼһҲе룬ַĸ£Ө鲻Խзĳ
ַ§ס࣬˫ֱԲĴϸҲʾСèһַַļͷһϸĳӡ
ַ㿴Ѿ飬Ҳ¶ɰĳ죬֪˫ݵʱˣַŶԷڡ
ַ࣬๲ɽ⻹˫ݣ˫֮ǰ̵棬ȻҪ˫ݣȻҪ˫֮ǰӵжԷ塣
ྡܵʱ̣иǰ̾ǴûпĴŮأƷζǽꡣ
ü¶ʹı飬ʹܿʧ֮ޱߵĿ֡
ַнĴ̼֮£ϵɫԵúǡ⡣
ǰϴʱǽҲ໥ֻǽֶ֮ͨѣȻʱҲ˷ܣַ˿̵ĸȣȴһּһĸо
Դʹıܿһϲܣԭеİ꣬ٱҪֲ꣬ôŮֶƣˡ
ཫԸеʹյַԣ˵ִ磬ԭáðҰˡ
ַǰַıӣӿвͣĴʼӨˡ
оȻһ˿ʼɣͬʱеԼ巢ڵ޲ýڻˡ
Өϣַȴ˼ڣȴԼù󵨣ǰ棬ַ˺¡
Өһ¹ģ˵ִ磬ӣǲֻͼŮ֮Ҫ˫ݣô˫ݵʱ̣
ӨϵģȻ¹죬޳˵֮䣬ǣǰĻԲ΢΢⸱ģôҲ¹졣
ַηѡ
ַղֻͼ֣еĿʲôˣȫǵΣڵϦˮ֮С
жĽЩ˫ôˣѵ˫֮ǰͲܵľһԼô󣬺òΪԼƯİӣһôԵԼ
ȴûΪ˶Ľм϶ҲûΪӨ仰Ӱ
ַ㲻˼ЦЦԽû̫̫ƯԼҲȷΪܣ˫һˡ
عͷȥӨ˵ӨӨ㲻ļ̷ӣֵˣ
ַ仰Өߵ޵ݣ·ղŵĻǼַԼãԼȴûйͬܵĸоŻἵƵġ
ַȫעԼڵľעУһǰѩҲ΢΢˿ģ次
оһůξΧ֮䴩У˿̣ͻȻһȫһнĳ鴤ҲﵽҸ۷塣


548  ǽˬ
ˬˡ
ϣ¶ı飬ܵ屻ǡ⣬˵һ䷢ĵĻ
˿ѩ׵Ĵȣַ˼ͷ˫Ȼץסַĺ󱳣ַһ
һůľתַڣǹɾַ˶ַ֮ջǵͬʱһء
˵ϸͬʱ¶ı顣
һԹ̾ϢַĶַηѣԻһأôˣ
࿴Լ˫ȱַڼͷַϣʱ߲
ǿȶһԼ˵㣬ִһأҲһԣϳ֮ʱ۸ǵǸ󻵵ɵŰ
ӨıЩ˵˫ݾ͹ˣûҶν
ַ֪Ө˵ǷģΪԼ˵ԸԼ˫ݵĻղǰ㲻ΪԼ˵ˡ
ղڽҵʱ飬һ㽫ַڻӨ˵Ļȫ㣡
ַѾǻˣ֪˿̾ԼӨ˵ЩʲôҲԼԽͣԽ
ڲԼ˵ʲôʱ򣬶ʲôʱ
ַץסӨźһӨַĻӨǾִ磬ʲôô˴³
ʲô㻹ȻǸĺһĺˣģһġ
ſң
ַɵ˿Ҳſ欣ȻǿŮԸ飬ǰŮѾԼİԼĻʵʵſĻԷ˵Լһ⣬Լ޲硣
ַӨ촽ȥٶҵĿǣӨð촭ַһƺ˸ղִַַĿС
Ů֮һΪ飬ַ༤ս֮󣬱ҲЩۣղ˵໥ַ֮ڵˮ֮ƣʹַƣ;
˿̵ַ㲻ƣͣ˫֮ǰӾַ֣ģӨвһ˿⣬Լܵ𣬻᲻û
ӨַҧĶ˵ִ磬һһЩ£
ַЦҡҡͷӨȻ˵һЩҲᣬȻûĵţŻԼĴ浨ӡ
ַ΢΢Ц£һһģ㿴ӸղŶ֣һֵġ
ӨҲǣǰĹ˵Ůĵһʮֵʹ˵ʹʹӣŶԼ¡
Լһ㣬Ȼտʼʱʹ˼ܿʹܿ
ʼգҲûʹҲһԹĽ˵㣬ºúЩ฾˵ʹ࣬Ȼһʼ΢˼£ܿ͹ȥˣɣܿ㽫ΪҸŮˣζĺꡭ
Ө˵ͷԼĵ죬̲סɬЦЦҲע⵽ԼһƬǽ壬һ죬óһȲ
ַ֪ӨСûż룬ӨزԼеλ
ӨͬһŻһȵʱַŴݵĽ塣
Ө¶ʹ֮ɫ಻ͬǣûһʼǽҧűݣżһСĵͺ
ַ㰵ҸڷӨĲ֮ͬȣӨһЩַʱҲһЩ
ֲַϧˣڽʱһָֻŶԷ㷢˵ʹ𣿡
Өַѹϣ˼ԷȻոսζЩܣȹѵĿֲѾ̫ࡣ
ӨҧԼÿĺ촽ҡҡͷ
ַ㰲ο˵Ůĵһζģһ̾ͺˣʵܵĻҾͲ۸㣿
Өˣȴᶨҡҡͷ
ַҲڽȥˣ˫֮ǰ̵棬лŮǱⲻ˵ģлŮ˫˫ǵĻ˫ݸǴ
ַĸӨȫÿһļ󴲴˻ĺۼַʱӨһ㲻֮ͬ
ʱеʹ˼еֱ
Өһ̣ڿţʹʱż̲סгںеֵʱҲǲʱź
漴˿ʼھĽ
ַеȵǣȻǽöǻƽѪȻӨ˫ݵʱ򣬱һʱõ˸

ַ㣬Өٴγǰʱ˵Ͼ¶˲˼ı飬Ƿַ㣬ӨľѾ˷츲صı仯
ӨȻһģһҪ˵ǽҪѷһĿɰȸȥԶ
˿̣ǽõȴһ˵޹⣬Ҳøӷˡ
ע⵽Өô˿̵زȸղŷĲ٣ɴ˿ɼ˫ݵжвɵðַ顣
ַԼһĻ˵ԼزԼı̻Ķˣ̾ʱɰСȴһ˿
ϧС̫ɰı飬ֳģһʮֿɰϲģ
֣ʤĽеǰϬˡ
֣ʤҲﵽʮ򣬵ַղһȴһı֣ʤΪԼųˣ˿ַ㽻ֵĻҲ뷨
Ҳַ뾫ʵı仯סʵַ㣬ﵽˣ
ַԼϵ֣ʤ٣Ȼоַǿ󣬵ǿʲôزȴ˵
ַĵ˵Žİٶʮɣ
ʲôָ磬һʮ㣬ǳ࣬ûмµʱ䣬Ҳһôࡣ
֣ʤи뽫ַ㱩һ٣ǿǿɣɪȫģǿˣҲİ
˵սʿսַĻƬ֮ᱻַɱ񰵺ĵһǿ߳ˣҲַһ֮С
ٵ¶һ˿ϲɫ벻˫ݹȻЧһΣַѪһսˣҲ˸ղŵĲ죬
ȴȻһ˵ѪҲİʮ㣬ϸȻȻǸħ˽ʮ㣬Ļֻ¡
Ļû˵ַ꣬һԽӿڵ÷ģһϸ粻ѪǸȳһʺұա
ָ磬ˣҲҪǸħգԺѪ㣬ֶѽ
㲻ҪұǿвԲң㲻Ҫ쿪ˣôأ
ӨõĿиǴĽ֮ɫһΪǽ˫֮󣬱ǰƯĺܶ࣬Ҫǣǽõǰͻͽߡ
ǰǽõҲǿﵽѣڣȴﵽʮ㣬볬ȼ硣
ûеĽӨ죬ﵽٰʮǳַ֮ǿĴڣĽϵѪͳ
ַͻȻѪǸԼ˵ʱˡ
һʱ򣬱ƵԼĶӣղŸڳߵĽϣԼڴ衣
ԼȫеԼҲ⣬ַ㵱ʱȻһνģǶװߵ˿ġ
һַΪսһֱ۸ˣѪȴԳǿٰô治⣿
ǰַԷѪ䵹Ҳˡ
ǿڶĻ˻ΪԼսֽϻأǸýԷȳһʺʱˡ
ַȻʵѪ˿ȥˣ
֣ʤһϧ˵ѪѾ˾ǰ̨ȫˣʦȫսѪҲ㣬ȥҵ鷳ȻѪ֪ȴڳֱײ˾ɱϾҪҴԺˡ
ʲôȻ쵽ҴԺˣ
ַ¶˽֮ɫѪﵽİʮ㣬ҲᱻɱҪ˵ҵĻˡ
ǿҲѪɱģַԴĿ˵ھȥѪǵҵĺϢ
˵ָ磬ҲҪȥ
ַͷ˵Ѫ֮ҲҪ棬һжҵİš
ȻӦַ֮ԽҲĴ㣬Ѫһ㣬Ӧڲ֮䣬涯ֵĻûлɱѪİա
Ѫƽֲ뽩ֵĻںº֣лĻһѪŴ
һĻַоһѪĴ⣬Ѫ֣ĳͻƵѪǰ
ΪκͻȻ֣ʹַ̽䣬һɥ
սǱеͻȻֵĻַȻѪȻߣԱʱȥˡ
ַɱһ˵ߣȥҡ


549  ⹷Ů

СʱڱһǧѪ֣֮Щ޹ûʹеŭ𽵵Ͷ١
ѪȻ޲ýַǧУַֻмˣ˿ڽĳҳѵν
Ѫʹڮٸֶַ֮Ȼû
Ѫ޼ƿʩ֣ǸƣУκһĳԱ벿мʮ֮ࡣ
ҵĺĵӣҲһˣô˾ҪҲ
ѪĶ֮£мսʿָҴԺڣѪڱҴԺͬʱҲûɱǼ͸¶Ϣսʿ
ͨأҼ־ȻóѪǰķҴԺڴ֮ǰַ֪ͨתƵεĵطȥ
־㲢ûвַĽ飬ѡҴԺ
ǧҴԺ֪ٴξսƻҵȻһδڷϽµҴԺ
ĩ֮ҵûбԽԽǿƣȻҵ벻ַ֧֣Լĵ뽾Ҳ˺ܴá
Σٵʱҵ뵽ĲܣαסҴԺǧڲһĵĹ涨
޷ȫҴԺ֮ʱ˿뿪ڽƽ˾ʱ򷵻ԭأٽҴԺ
Ҽȴ뿪Ҫլ
ƿʷĻҴԺսеҼϸΪҳ񣬻լͬھ߱ɱȴûһӡ
뿪ҵ׳ӵǣһһؽҴԺַ֪ͨ־뿪־ֻЦЦû뿪Ҳûаַ㡣
ҵĺĵ۴һüͷ˵Ǹħ֮ǸߵȼԪռǿߣүֵǸˣӲҲǰװΪǲӲƴ
ү˵ĲǸħ¥Ƶ¥߱¥˾߰ǧˣҸֵסǿߡ
Ȼ涨ΪҴԺĵ˲࣬ԲĶħҿһΣǲīسɹ棬һ뿪ҴԺǻСӣַүԺǿٽһҴԺ
־ͻȻŭ˵˵ʲôѵҪҵһҴԺѵ𣿡
־˹ִҺĳԱ˵ˣһ˵˵֪ͨүүǻսһа취ģ
ҵûмȰ뿪־ŭҲСһ㣬ҡҡͷ˵ַʲôˣһܹԦ˵ģ˶ܶԸǸħĻͳˣȻڶûһҲûлܶԷİա
ǼַϾҵĹүѾʱˣӵϽҲҪ빲
ַ򲻹ǸħѵҪһ˲ɣһˣҲ޲Ȼﻹʲô壿
־˵˶ĬȻҲַ֪֮ԲκβǸħ̫ǿ󣬾ˣ֮⣬ҲûκôȻвϣ
ַǻս񣬶ȫĵΣ֮УǶȳΣ֮УҵĹүΣͷȻ뵽ַ㡣
־˰ë·һºˣڵ֪ѪҶʱ־ĿԾûз
־侲˵һΣҴԺסˣֻ³ҲסˣСһȥ˳ǣսƽϢʱٷط˳ǣңҪҴԺ
ҵĺĳԱЩ󲿷ţҪ뿪ǣȥЩȻԸ⣬ǸԸȥֻͬ־Ļ
һüͷ˵ҵĺ˾ˣԶһ벿¼¶ʮˣַȻСɷ򣬵ô𣿡
־㵭˵ֻҪСҼ֮λַ㰮ݼڣͲ˵ʲôˡ
ҵ˾ң㣬֪˵ʲôãҵѵҼҲǴвŮ־˵⻰ѾΥ˹ѵ
ԭȶļ̳һſ֮Уʱ֮ںѡһμ֮λ
ѡһλСõĶſҵļ־Сԣַô¡
ҵкĳԱ㵽˷˳ǣҲ˰ۣС˼һ㲻ˡ
СַӣҲ˳ǵİˣҵļ˳ǣҲû˸۸ǡ
Ҫ뱣ַѺùϵС˵СҼⱾһԵĻ⣬ѹ֮£ҵǾȻĴӦ¡
ҵһӦҵ˸ҷԣСϣѾõ˵Ͽɡ
־㵱ϵСϽ뿪լһƳǵʱ򣬳ķһܻңʱСͿԳû뿪ǣ㵽˳ȥ
ҴԺɣҵϹ󹷣СǸϽɱʹ졭
־ɫһ䣬벻Ѫ죬ҵ˾Ҫ뿪ˣѵǧ겻˥Ҿڽ켯
һսʿϹ

սʿĻû˵꣬㱻һɾУǱһƬѪ
漴ҴԺլҡ
һ߾ãǸҪƵⶰ¥ǸϽ뿪
ĵһ뿪լ¥լѾۼӵսʿ
Щӵսʿо¶˿־ı飬̫ǿˣֱƥеģ̨ףҲƬ֮˴֣֮ԼǰҲǰװ
¥һݣ䵽Ժм䣬ܱߵսʿЫһ㵽ܡ
Ѫ˵˭Ҽҳ
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Ѫʵ˭Ҽ
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־ԾȺ˵ҼʲôԶ˵
Ѫ΢΢һָ־岻ܿƵķɵѪǰѪһ˿ɱ˵϶һʲôƨŮӰӳԡ
־ƽ͵˵ҵŮΪ٣Ϊ١
֪ڸĵ϶ҾɱϹ
Ѫָ̧Ⱥһ𣺡
һᣬ༫Ư͸ŹŮŮƯʣѪǰһ
Ѫ˿ƯŮʵ˭
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Ҳȴ벻־㣬ҵַС
Ȼַţͱκ˶ϵҲҾɱǸŮɱˣȥɱַ㣬
Ѫ̧֣ҪС壬ûļͷͻȻһ巢ģҶСŮһָĻҲɱ㣬ɱ֮򣬽Ůȫɱ⡭
δ䣬ַӰл£ҴԺ롣


550  
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СͻȻ¶һ˿ϲɫʼգûַ֪ͨ㣬ַδȻġ
ԼԼԷҲãַΣͷҴԺС̲סϲ
־Ҳһ˿ı飬Ͼʹˣȫһ㣬ɲΪַԹһðȻġ
ðȻҲַһԸַȻһһİգѪַĶ
Һӵи¶˽ٺϲãǰħԻپ󲿷ֵĻףһĦ¥Ȼɱҵˡ
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ַһЩ˷·һˮץסһݰ㣬ҲϷſ
һϲͬ߰ĺһ˵ַˣûǣ
Ȼַ㲻ҵĹүǵİˣôǣ
һ˵һ˲˵ַǵĹүȻǧȷʲôʱֳǵİˣ
㶼֪Сǵ¼ַСɷҲ˵ַ൱ǵİѵҵİ𣿡
ĿӵܵĻܱߵ˷׷׵ͷ
һʼ־СΪһμļ̳ˣȻЩѵƣҲûзԡ
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Ѫɱǽǰַʱ˶־ɲŲɣв˷־ıԶǡ
ѪɱַСĸСĸŮ˿ֲǿߣַ벻շǡ
Сҵļ֮Ͳһˣҵ쵼ͬʱַ쵼ַǣСҲӦ
һ̣˶־ӢóϷԭ־Сַ㷢У
һıʿģҵǵ˵Ѫ̫ǿˣ㣬үȻȴδǴ˵Ķ֣ˣ֮ǰүгԹ
Ƕı˻˵꣬⵽һΧ
㻹ǲҵˣôǸħ˵
ҵͽϽȥɣ
үǻսݺỪδһܣǰ֮һǿ߶ڹү³˴ǰСôǹүĶ֡
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ıʿģˣ¶˿Цı飬˵仰ӰʲôǷĵַĴеġ
Ҳַн飬ַַ֪һܣ˽޷⡣
˵ջ뼸ǰҵһ³ʵ̫ҵԺ󣬲ַܸԷŻ˵
Ļֻǵַ㣬ȴ˶ַ䣬ǴеǰĻ˵˽һնˡ
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Ҳûʲôҷû㵱ˡ
ҵ˷׷׺ôЦв˳ûѪһЩϳɳصˣַ˵ĻδЩ
վַһɣҲĴΪַкá
ѪƤֱóȻҲ֪ھս֮ǰŭʹʵۿַۣᵽҶ磬˵ҶڽһѵĺӣЩǳɹŭ
ҶδޣȻҶ粢ûдӦʲôȴӦ˹ֻҪľڵİϣ֮ȫ濪սҶΪӡ
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΢΢һУ˺ÿַ֪޳ܶ˲٣ַڵʵܸѪҲƾС
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ַȻһΪʤɹƭʲô鶼ĳļһԼ߲ź档
С˹һ˿ɻ˼ַᵽ˭ѵŮ֮򣬲ѪкĹϵ𣬶ַ˵Ĺϵ
СȻҲףַʱ˵ĻҲΪ˼ŭԷƾŮ˵УȻоַǸŮмԨԴ
ַ˵֮ʱ۾εЦ⡣
СиеܲСŴңƽЩȨƵǵķݵĸҲʮֵ˽⣬ȾŮаġ
ĩһǿһȺƯŮˣҲǺ顣
ַԶڷ˳ǣȫȻ̻ͮŮţԴСҲһЦ֮
ڵַ֪ŮϵܵʱСȻû¶֮ɫȻоʮֲиǼס֡
ҪƵѪַаЦԼļѾЧˣڱŭ֮£ѪȻۿۣԼսʤ˵İվ͸ˡ
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ֻҪԼʤѪ˵ⳡսʱǲ˵ԼʲôֶʤѪֻסյĽ
ַ˵ƯŮ࣬ںṇ̀սںǽ
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ʵԼһսУȻˣϾǳ࣬ƺ֮ʵûܵӰ죬ǿ
Ǵﵽʮ㣬ȻȻѪᲢۣѪ֮Ҳǲ̫ܡ
ֻҪСߣѪǽС֣ҲסѪһСᣬʱ䣬㹻ԼŵѪˡ
ͷ˵˾ͽˣСҪȥҵĹŮ
СԣСк
ΪŮˣСûһų֮ҲǲܵģҲףЩһַսǵĸ黹Լ֮ϣһַһĻֻѧַߵŮˡ
СҲС֣һüĿŮнӹδ
δСѾͷȻҲе˲ԶַѪ֮ƺҪʲôںڵĴۣζԶַѪ
Ƶ˵СδģôԽԽǸ޳ܵļһˣֻˣСķͷǹ
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ַеıǷƷԵסԼľַȴ̫Σֱַ۷Ǳ˲ɣɲԼɱԼ


ҵײѪǣֱַ۲ûбۣļȴַеĳ˸顣
ѪеͫͻȻһ¶˲˼ı顣
ַȻﵽİٶʮ㣬ȻİٶʮȻҪַսȴǿһЩ
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֮ϵǿߣҪ˵֮򣬾̹Ŵ½һ̫͵֮԰УҲҲҩ
ҩĻۣϹˣͲˣֻҪԼҩͿԽһ⡣
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ͬʱκңңԼ˾ԽһͨأѪɱҴԺѪɱһǧˣ뱻Ѫٵ̨ףͬóһΪһµĽۡ
Σˡ
ҾͬǰңҪʧʷĳˣַȻǼɵѪŲҳβȵκ漣ˡ
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ҼۣκҼκף˾ԽȻַ㣬Ѫ̫ǿˣ֮Ĵ֮һַôѪĶأ
һΣҲˣսַ㣬ȴԾĿַñľ
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Ҳַ֪̳һжһЩգҪסԼ磬Ҳ븶һЩ۲С
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551  ̫
Ѫɫһ䣬һΣַ֮ǰ˺һߵľ룬ΪַͻȻǹƲ㡣
һΣȫַ㣬ַҲӦûκεĻᣬ벻ַĳǰһݣȻѪǰ˺˽һߵľ
ѪһдǰʹַеıҲǰһ
ͬʱЦַ˵ַ㣬ʲôֶʹɣҵҪʵΣǲбɱ˿ң
ַ㰵Լһڼŭˣ뼤ŭԼˣһβһ˲䣬ͻȻ˺ܶ¡
ʵֻҪһ㣬޷ԽҲ㲻ˣ˵ѹԼҵġ
㲻ѹϣЩѹ㲻ѹ಻ᱻԼеѹѹ
裬ִȨλЩԼǿмϵѹӵи࣬ԽԽۣصţһգԼѹԼ
һַʲôϣ̻кøоҪøУٵҲˣԼϲǣ˲ŰǴߣЩţȥɣ
ַԼʵ飬Ȼ޳ܣȴҲһŻģΪ˵ʲô˭֪ĵ
ڿĿκǿ߽սʱŲһ̫ࡣ
˵ڶҲ룬Լ˵ЩǲЩԼսݣ˵ʲôĻŷԼݡ
ַȴȥ룬ĿҲܼ򵥣ǾɱԷȻɱԷĿģ۲ȡʲôֶζȻġ
ַ뷨ܼ򵥣ŻǿٱͬȼҪǿܶࡣ
ڶ֮ǰٰ㼤ŭѪѪȴҪֶͬμŭַжʱеЩЦ
ѪҲ̫ˣȻСƵֶŭԼѵ֪ŭԼֶΣûгɹ
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Ѫ۾ҧ⣬ͨԲеķʽԼ£Ȼ䡣
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κ΢΢һ漴뵽˵⻰˼ָʲô
ַһҲûпɿѪ֮ˣܿ죬ѪӦ֮£İ׻˳ǣҵ˿ԱܹѪҲܲİڴ
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ʱ˾ָӴУԽ˵Ϊһս˭ʤ
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Խͷ˵˾뵽һȥˣ棬һ֤漣ķɣ
ַĸоϵıԽԽأ·ıѾ籩Уʱᱻ޴ǣ˺Ƭ
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Уκϵʧԡ
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ŵصѪַ˵̫ʤˣκοʤ˶־ʧܣ˿־壬Żʧܣϲʤ߱Ȼܣϣ㵽˵ܹ֮


552  ëѽ
ͨأκͬʱѪؿڱַݺݴһѪĵ˵ϣ֮ľ˾ȥˡ
һȻıԺʷ
κ׾ַȻɱ⡭ôܣ
Ҳһϲ벻Ӱӳĵһǿߣϣ֮Ǵսʼٸ߾ˡ
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κ׶ڳ֮ʱתƵ׼ν׼ҲǽκңĵƸתƳȥ
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κҵܹ볤ǣڸ֮κҲȻԪˣսʽ΢Ϊ΢Ĵڡ
ʱ̳볤ǣҲκûа취ʱΨһ취
˿̣֪ԼùˣѪˣǱסˣַһ˳ǡ
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Ӱӳǵ֧ٿ£ȫĵİŻϣ֮Ƿȫ
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һսӰӳǿѪѪؽݺݴ֮ӰӳǵʿѪһ˵֮ڻĵӰӳҲ߽⡣
ûӰӳǵ֧֣֮ǱҲϣ֮Ƿˣһ̫ƽһˡ
뵽Щκ۵ϣ¶ε˷ܡ
λȨƵˣ˿¶ͬһС˽һǹ֮е˷ģ
֮У۵ԸҪκ׳һ£ľϲ֮侲ʵκ֣Ľƺ
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ΪΣ
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κ׽ӿڵһֱ֦ͬ˴ˣ־ŮһҲӦõģȴΪ־ŮΪַ㣬αϾˡ
Ϊ˸мַ㣬ҲҪһݴңҲлַæҾɽļ͸ҡ
۵Ļû˵꣬κʧеʲôǼɽҵĸ׵вϣǼɽĽ־Ҫ㹺ɽĲɹȨȴһֱ֣ΪʲôҪ͸أ
ȻΪַˣɱѪĻҶı㲻ǼССĿɽǵ嶼ɢΣգ۾ƽռ˱˵ˣΪ˱ҲŽǼɽ͸ҡ
Ȼ˴󷽣κҲСҾ֫ҩˮ䷽͸ңףַСĻ񡭡
۵Ҳһ˿ɫȻ֪κǮʲô
˵κյֶ֫ҩˮκҵһҡǮκôԼݣȻó֫ҩˮң
ԼĿɽȻвϡеĽЩϡнҲ޾࿪ɸԴݽߡ
κеĶ֫ҩˮ䷽һǵ䷽ȫԳڵľӪȥκױԼݣȻǧ͸ҡ
漴ַ㣬κײĵ˵˵ҵκңУҲŮȵСǸˮСѾͷŮȻ࣬ȴҲûУôַĸǿߣͱҸռء
־ϼһ۹̫ˣڼǰͿַһ֧ǱɣԼΨһŮѹ˴˵ϣǸϼһǵõ޷Ļرƥ۹ⶾѽ
ҡҡͷ˵κ˵ʹشˣ˵ʵ־ƥ۹ⶼδرȵֵܣӦ˵ŮС۹Ŷԡ
Ѿͷܾ˳ȨѬӵ׷ȴԥͶַĻַַʱǲϧð֮γ֧ŻǰȥӪַ㣬ŵõַϿɡ
κ׾ѵСѾͷ۹⣬ǰͿַ㲻ͨˣַʱ򣬻ʮ꣬ѵ˵ʱͿַнĳɾͣŲϧ𽵹󣬻δУַŮ
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κЩ˵־ƥһôһŮŮҲͰˣҵ¶һ޶һŮµĺ¶ռˣԺ󻹽вκҵ˻ˣ

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ַ΢Щʧ˵һɰţû

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ҲϽܣǵɱʮˣԷġȵģ


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һüͷ˵˵СѾͷͷʮǸСǵСѾͷȴĪĵԴڳһƣӦСѾͷͷ֡
ҳһͨˣӨеɱҲʲô£ֻҪЩϼһԵǰӨǽõͷͻ־ܡ
˵Ĳһ¶棬żҲҪҪ˵δɵСѾͷˡ


558  үү
ַͨ㣬ǽ˺ܶ£۱˵ǺҲã˵ǻҲãȻֱģԼ
ַദ˼֮ǽΪ˴ķ֪ܵӰ죬ǰǾַ㷢˹ϵڻس֮Ҳӡ
ڣǽʲôˡ
س֮ӨԽַᵽǵ֮УַڰӨõĹ뷿ֱ֮һЩϲҥµĳ฾ǣ´
һΣӨõ֮ԶƺҲϴˡ
Өõٶʱɷ˺ܶˣҳӨ֮ԴַҳǣΪǱַԻסˡ
ǽһسǣŲ֪ܵסһ
ǽøַҳǵĳһʱ֮䣬Ǵ󻩣˶˵
ҳŮٵУĻľһ˼
ҳȴʳǣΪǵҳõĵطҳ˳԰ʳԹˣ·ǵĴԶ˻ࡣ
ǲȥ˼ҳǵΪʲôʳǣѪΪʲôԶԶϵԮҳǣȦһȺһǡ
ЩֻһԸΪҳԴΨһһս硣
֮£ǣ˳ǣ¥ǣ人ڵĳϣ֮Ƕ
Щϣ֮˶һǴǿ˵Щϣ֮ʳڣѾӶʳĵز
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ȫĵ˶ųϦֻҳǸ⣬ַ˳ЩǴѸԣҳǣŻҳǣռȫֵء
ӨСѾͷֻιӣҪͬĶħҳԴ
е˶ŭˣ񶾵ˣźӨļѾǽõĿ⣬ҲЩ롣
ӨɴǲźǵļѾŮһУסҲķԷ
鴫Ŷһŵñȥȥһʼ⣬ܲӨַ㷢κιϵ
ԼϾ˼ĳҲһţΪӨ಻ҲֻӲͷƤѡ
ַǣһӨ˫йء
֮԰үӨҪ˫ǲˣԼֻڼҳһƯлƽѪŮүӨࡣ
ϣԼʹӨⳡѡ
ֻҪԼڼҳһӵлƽѪŮ֮԰үѡŮ˫ݣ֮԰үûмԼŮ
үҪģһӵлƽѪŮѣӵлƽѪŮǲԼŮ򲢲Ҫ
ԼܹҵµӵлƽѪŮ֮԰үҲδػΪԼ
Өûʱ䣬ѾչһģŲ飬ҳһͬӵлƽѪŮ
Ų֪ǣŮŮʮϤϲ
һʼҪֻһܹߣǰ֪ŵŮӵлƽѪ֮󣬱㾭ˮ۲ǽá
ʱǽóԽԽڹ뷿֣ǿģƢľȻҲǽһĻʧ䡣
Ө಻֪ǣԶһ½֮԰ɫн֣ͨˮעǣһռУǵĿˡ
ǰʼ˱չأȻµıչأʹĽִﵽһµ۷壬ϲϵŮȴ˵Ůˡ
ȻҲַ֪֮԰ϹйϵȻŭˣԪ뿴ǸŮ˵Ͼкܹǽġ
ڼ֮еֻǷŭ˰²ŽӨ˱˵Ůˡ
һʼϹ˳۾
뵽ԼԪز죬ˣ콨齫Өʱŭˣݺݳ˳һ١
Ĺ۲죬ΪԼ˽ӨãΪӨԪ֮Ů
ʧַ㣬һǱǱթ˸ƭˣڳͬʱг쾡ɱַ㡣
ԴӨõȤҲٸ
ȻˣҳŲ֪һС
ڵһʱ䣬֪ӨཫַҳǣǽûַӽǵĹ뷿Ŷʱ°Ѿʣ˵ʲôҲסˡ
ֻ³˿ҲõϢѪǿҲڸҳǵ·ϡ
Щ꾭ڻ߶۹ԽԶЩԵϼһǣɲΪ׵ɱַ㡣
ҳǣһѪ˵Ĵһַȴֻһˣⳡս¹˭ֻ˵
ֻǵʱ˫˵ҳǻᱻս٣ԼбҪһַ㡣
ַȻĿˣϾõӨõ壬Ȼ˵ʱ˫ΪȫǵˣǳŮˣȴǲʵ
ַ֮ݼš
żַòȫǻĴ˵Ǹײϵɱ˿ħжַӰĹһ㣬ȻΪַ㲻ҳǡ
Žе˵ַ֮㵭һЦ˵֪Ө鷳רǽý鷳ģ֮⣬ұ⡭
ϣǲòģ֮԰λүûһǺǵģ
ַкһ˵òҲѪ˹ᣬ㵣ĵ֮԰λүҲ⣬ʶ֮԰һλǰλүòĻҿ֮ͨ԰λѣò
ַ֮ǰɱ˳ĶӣڶʮǣشѪ󲿷ֵǿߣȻַ
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ȴģַǿһ̸ˣ˫ͻҳǴԵĴ
Ҳ֪ССҳǣַĸǿУͲֵһᡣ
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ַ֮ľףҳǵܵһ˸֤
ַ㻰һת˵ҳǵ˸鷳Ļ顣
а̾ϢַѽŵľףʹҳǵֱܵʾҳǣȫΪ˸Өý鷳
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Ҳ֪Щҳǵʳǣ˳ľȼãַ챬ͻĻҳǵľ󲿷һųġ
ٿַòַȴһڻؾĻַһòˣţӦɱ޹Ѿòˡ
뵽Ժҳ̫ƽˡ
һ뿪ӨסֱصӨòԶ˾ȥַ㣬Ȱַ㲻ҪӨסһ
ڼֵַ֮ҳǵԺİΣȻ£Լǻͷˣȴûмȥַ㡣
˲ãҼŵļʮߣһӨıǰЩԳݣûӨıǵӨóӭǡ
һվӨıԺӴ⣬ɤӺӨӨүүĺܶүүǶˣѾͷƬӸϽӭЩ


559  Ȩһʺ
ӨһȥӭЩߡ
ַ״Ҳû˵ʲôͻȻһֻ첲ǽõǰ
Өַ˵ļ򵥣Լν費ǽöʱ뵽Ҫﵽ۷壬Ҫκ¼ֱġ
ֱģҪν飬ǽ˾⣬Щֵùһ顣
ǽñѧҪȻǱԶ޷ַ֮Ա׳ҲΪЩ׳ֵǽȥϧػ
ַô࣬ʹǽÿϣϣԼһŬɶˮ
ַӨòһ
һֱţҳûϵĵλǵĸС̵ǣҪǽҲܲ
ҪѧᾴηĳߣЩ߻һӣ˼ʶ㣬Ҫǽööֵ࣬һȥѧϰ
ҵκ˾ηĳߣҪηһϣҲûлɹǸ׵ĻȫǵˣҲûһ˸ҸǧȨ
ƫƫַȴһ֪ηΪļһֻ֪ԼţҪԼ飬κֹˣĳ
⼸죬ӨַĽ̵£Ҳ˺ܶ£ԼסǽȻֽš
ЩǶӨүүЩ˵ıҪߣû˼ǱʶѾʹȥӭЩĳˡ
һʱ֮䣬ַ߹ǵĻ˾˸һɶǽ붯ȥʱַȴ֣סǡ
Өʱ˹
棬˵ԺСûأλүүǾȻߵ￪ȻǵСԺүүԼŽɣ
ƽһȨ˵仰֮Ѿһ亹
ַƺǽõı֣ҡҡͷ˵һ죬ǽû֣ᷢǽηģһʺˣڵסȥ·һʺҪģǽһ߷ɡ
Ө̲סʧɫַĻǵ̫ˡ
˲ߵˣǻǵһμĳ˵Щĳǻһͣ˵Ķ࣬Ϳһָ·ơ
һҪ벻ٷ󣬾ֻӳߵĻӨǼҽõŮڹȥʮУǴûɹڵĳߡ
ΪЩǾһķ꣬ʲô鶼ҪǽÿԶ׼ЩǣµѬգȻ᷸ǵκλҲǶԵġ
µĳǾ᷸κδǵĻԶȷȻ𾴡
Ҫ˵Өãǵĸף಻𾴵š
ַ㣬ȴЩǱһʺַҳǵ϶ˣеȨһʺ
Ĵ󲢱ҵڶö࣬Ҳ˵ĻȷģڹϵķȱȽǡ
ԼֻмԼеȷȷ顣
һַɱ˺ܶˣ˵Լɱ˶ǻˣЩ˶ס·ΪЩ˸
ַǸƸеʥˣһЩɱˣҲиĸֵܣˣǵĸĸֵҲģĵľͻ᳹ױ
Щַ꣬ȥЩֻνԼøǿΪԼߵܹȥ⿴ȫǰ
ֻҪȫΪеĻϧ硣
һ߰ͷǵȴӨྪʧܳͬʧС¹һǰĸԸıǴãȻסСѾͷͶˮΡ
ЩͬĹһ߰ͷӨ໨ʧɫܳʱȴڿڽԼ߽ȥǴС߽ȥ
ҳһֱ˵Ĥݣǧһֱˡ
ҳǵĳҲҪϹϾȥŵ˾ԶԶҪɨӭ
ŵĳѵѵţŻҪڵأϵĽŵѵ⣬Ȼ˵ǡ
Ө˵ǽŵгߵϺݺݴһǶ⣬Щǣڽʮûбĺɹ߶ײĩǰĩˡ
ӨýΪǵڶг߳裬Ƕڵı
ϵļһһʼΪԼˣǿͬҲ¶˼𾪵ģ֪Լû
ԭǸСѾͷǣӨУȻһֱȽԣĳǰֶܱȨ𾴡
벻Ѿͷȥż죬ѧˣӨĳıӭǣѾʧ
ѾͷȻҪԼȥǾнŸǷЩϼһװǻƣ϶
һЩߵĺʱ΢΢
˵ĻѾΪ˼⻰Ȼ٣ӨǰǶôһԴɰСŮȥ˲ŲһµĹ򣬱䵽˵ز
ش󣬻ҳѽ
СѾͷۻ֮࣬԰λүŹǣҳǵҲܷŹѾ޳¼Сˡ
һƿڴ࣬СǶүүүүϣѾ𽵹СȴǶ죬ԷǣѵСˣͲ±𣿡
ڵӨаЦǵĸ͸ǽãֻҪһͻᱻѵǽý
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ֲַ㽫ȨһʺԭַĿǶԵģȻЩ϶𾴶ԼԼֺαǣ
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СԸ죬ַǸħġ
ַ㣬ħҪ棬ֻҪҳұһȴ㣿
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һ̣ǽͻȻֵľ˲١
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óĿ˵Щϼһ㻹ӭأ˭֪Щ˲ϴ裬ֻ֮Ĺ뷿¶ϵǹɳζ
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Өַһַۣ㲢û˵ЩϼһַŰǵ鶼ʧȥˡ
ӨӦһ˵үүҪûвߵ˼ֻЩ˲ȣǽòûȥӭǡǽҲǽЩүүףһ໥Ḷֻ́ЩЩŻᾴǣЩүүǲΪԼ󣬾ȻĽѵǵʸ񡭡
߽еĹչʹ˼µ棬ϸԵüΪŭ
Өȥһ£ıûѧҪ벻ߵıµ˲٣Ө˵һߵ
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ַ˵СӨС࣬ϣףǶǳˣЩ뿿Լ顭ǶǵˣȴҵˣֻҪǸң̧֮ɱǡ
飬ǽûس֮ԵĵһΣҾ£ǽ촦µĽĻ뿪ҳǣҲǽá
Ө֣صĵ˵ͷԵЩأǲƣַҲ±̬омѹ
ʵַ㲢ϣǽѹǽȴ뾡ɳֻպܰǵĸסҳǡ
ԺҳʳǵҲˡ
ҳǵ˲֪ѪԼʳԴ⣬ȻԶҳǵˣûԼӨ෢ϵҲֹҳǵԮ
ҳǱһ̬Ⱥ壬Ժվʳĵ·ȥַҳǵϣǵַܷϵĶ
ҳ⼸ʮ˲Ժȫߵ˵˵ʳֻǽˡ
Өһһһ˵ǡ
λβһͬڴҪӨˡ
Ө๲ͬ۵ŭȵ˭Ҷ֣
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ӨȭǼ󺺵ֱɳ˼ʮףڴǼ󺺵ʱӨȴԾ죬Լսʲôʱǿˣ
ŵɫͻȻúѿ
ղǼˣҳеĺ֣ÿ˵ﵽ㣬ȴû뵽Өһ֣㽫⼸󺺴ſˡ
߷׷̯˵ˣˡСҪҳˣ
Сˣб¾ͽЩүүǶɱˣҲ޸ĸߵСˣ
ӨĶүүԽڶӨǰһŭ˵СӨС࣬ǽǿˣ㲻϶ˣǲǣ
վӨĶүүǸ׵壬ǽþ㲻˵ˣҲҪˡ
Өһ˵ǽòҶԶүүҲҶүүǲȴɱ˽ǽðˡ

ߵİ׷ǰƮȻŭ˼㡣
˵ĿУߵһָֻ߸̧𣬶ӨϧĴȥ


560  Ҵүү
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һţѸߣӨȻɫһ⣬ûи˺
ӨѾӽİ㣬ʣҳǣҲǿǿߣһϣȻûʲô˺ȴʹоԼ޹⡣
ӨҲǴˣߣֵ̧ʱ΢һԥŰ˶Էһơ
߼ӨԼһ⣬ϸ¶ģ
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Щ˿ӨͻȻҲһǰĽСһҲǸŭԡ
УΨӨ˵Ķүү˿ɵǣӨĶ壬Ϊ˶ԷҲûʲôָ̧Өһ⡣
Өһ֮ͻȻоԼһӸߴ˺ܶ࣬оԼ˱ֲ顣
ߣǱ϶ӨԴǣȴûһ˸ҳѵǣЩ˻ǵҰѾͷ𱰣Ǵڵ
ԼǵĶүүǸԼֶӣԼǣҲСܡ
Ҫ˵Ǹһ֣ǸһĻǵĸҲŹǽá
Ө΢΢һ㵣ָǰ϶ǰ϶ĶүүһֱŶԶԷ𾴡
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飬ӨһЩ飬˵ʹ󣬿ľһ׼˵ĻһǶԵġ
Ϊᣬȱ˵ĻһǴģӨͻȻˣ볬ԽȨʱͱȨ
ʼգַ㶼ûгȥ
ӨΪҲûнʧӨһ⣬ͷȨĹ⻷ļ
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˴߽عое˶עǳ˼һ󱳿Źĳ޷ܵǣŹģһδ˵СŮ

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ӨӵĿ˿ϵһۣղԼ֣˴֮Ȼģһ֡
裬ҲӦ÷죬˸ղŻúõģȴس鴤
ղߴӨһ⣬Өһ⣬Ͽۣͯ˭ҲûԿ
ҵĳѵӨֶιһ㣬Ҳ֮С
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ӨղŴһƣͱ˻ƷѣӨǰװҲǽúһġ
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һ˵ղűС裬ѾС˵ȥˣǿԱ·һ棬ټԼϣ֮ǵǿߣǶԸС򡭡
һ棬һЩȥС˵ʲôӨҲСŵŮŮ˼ĳҲһҪȫ𡭡


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ӨԽԽ۾Ȼĥʹľһ˺ü
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һ߰ĺӣʲôᣬȴһȻãһӵϣȴӲʲô
ַȻָֻһ죬ʹѧ˺üж޷ѧĶӨ˵ʱıԵúܳϿҡ
ַЦЦ˵Լ츳ãҵĽ̵ֻһáΪͻƵĻã㵥Ķ࣬Ҳ򵥵Ķ࣬ȴû뵽ȴ֮ǰ˺ܶ£
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಻ʵִ磬㲻˵һԽ򵥣ԽԽһʲô룬Ϊʲôȴڽأ
ַ˵ԭϣ˼븴ӵ˸ľ裬ȷʲôԸ룬ıҲ򵥣ȴ򵥵Ĺ˷֣Щ׳ˣ׳ձκδ˶򵥣ѵΪİ׳ܹΪǿ𣿡
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Өõ̾סŵ˾ǽõıŵ˾Ҳ벻ԶһǲУߵĲֲܿ죬Ҳֻʮӣ㵽ŵ˾
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ӨЦҲܹǵЩͷۻ˭ַ㳤ñŮˣǽûƯأ
һδ󺺵ĻǵҲ˵ƯǵĻ
ַ۲˺һᣬ̫̫̫̫ĲʹַֻúĻش̣ԣ


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һЦ˵ִ̣磬Ǻܺúܺõѡ
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Ө˵үүΪϲ𣬲ִҡҡָ̧һ⡭
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ȴû뵽ԼôˣǲǸСпãҹûŻ磿


563  ź
Өıǰһվʹ˱˹ΧӨı
ӨΧ۵˸Ƿ󻶺˵ֿɿˡ
ӨıǳһȽľڣ죬ȴΪĵһЩ֮ͽ׷ǰΧۣľıǰԺ
Өüͷǽöϲ徲ˣԼıôˣЩ˵ĿиǴſֵı飬Щɨˡ
ǽòϲ֣ϲˣڣ˵޳ܵĻǽҲ͸ˡ
Ө྿䲻СŮĻ˵̫ˡ
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ĶһȺں֮ڣôҳǵһǿĶ֣
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ඥײвԵ⣬ѾͷȽܲüԼԽͻƿڡ
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ΪӨãԼַİǿ˵Ų˵ģǽãҲҳԷ
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Χ۵ǣַӨಢûжðɣҲûһеڵء
벻Өãʧ֮˱ûйˡ
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˿̼Ĳ״ȻЩȻӨüַѪǿ֮ĴսԶԶѪᲢۡ
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²˳٣Щ˹ȥɱǸС
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ҰȻȴȫͬĴڡ
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˿̱棬Ѿ˺üǧµŮףиһЩеĽԼǿսʿǶȺУͨ˿֡
ǼʮսʿϵϢʵֲ̫·Щսʿǰһһ㣬Χ۵˶ȺսʿһٶԶĵطԶԶվţ΢һ㡣
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ڴϣһòƺģӨıǰȴװȥˣЩһľͷƵվ
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ĩУȥһжҪ
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ϳܵսʿǸһϣ֮һСǿߣ죬ȴһٲƯˣһָеı
Ư˭ôһûκνҳΪʲôǿߣ
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ҲΪǰԳЩսʿƳַ㣬ַ˵ĿӰǲԶ¥ǡ
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˵ַ㣬ҵĴϾҪˣҳǵľأ
ǿ쵽ˡ
ַ˵⻰ʱϵıܵȻ˵ʵʮĪƷƵģĩʵҲַ㣬ŮԶҳϡ
ַǳϣϻ᲻ͺ˵ˣĪƷȴһġ
ŵľӻ᲻ҶᷢˣºͷŴһҲˡ
Ļû˵꣬ͻȻ˵ˡ
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ҿҵǲûǡʱ
һ̣ԼЩҲо˽·΢𶯣漴µԽԽԡ
һ˷ܵ˵˾оˣַ˵ǹȻŴϹˣ
ȻҲܸˣȻƽ˵̽һ£Է˶ˣľӣ
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573  ѾͷȻԶ
нҵǷ׷
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ܶ˿ַҲüɵһЩҵߣʱԼﰵַԣַ֪պ᲻һᱨԼ
ų죬һѾǿ׳ˣȴû뵽ĪƷȴ˶ľӡ
ĪƷһʿʣҪԶʤһʿͼָյľӿҳַ㣬ȴ¥ǵĴ
챾˵һȴԼˡ
˾ͷ£һĬ
ַͻȻЦĪƷѾͷԽԽˣҽ˹УãһӴ˶ˣҲ̫Сˡ
ݺݵĿַ㣬ַĪƷƣȴû˿ĪƷƵı飬찵Сӻܸܲɪһ㣿
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ַų˵᳤ҵĴ˳⣬ǲǽɱһأ
ҵ뽫ǿַ㼷ҳ죬һаЦ
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ʱһһ£һͷֱƮĪƷƣҵľС
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ٵĻӨҲĪƷƲ٣Ҫ˵ʣӨԽûҪĪƷƲ̫Զˡ
ĪƷƵŷһİˣ˹ͬĺŮϣжŮеϸ弡ŷްеʮ١
ַ֮⣬оˣҪĪƷƻҪһЩĪƷƵĸȻߣⲢӰӵºġ
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ĪƷƣ˻Ů˾˳ǵ̻人ϣ֮ǵͮ
геĵǣŮ˾ַżΪӵĹϵ人ַͮĵˣѾʲôܡ
ĪƷڳǣַ㷢һ춯صİ飬֮ĹҲڻĴعΪµһ֮Ƶַ̻ͬڷ˳ǣȻҲӲַġ
ΪʲôЩǿŮַ֮أѵΪһűŮ˻ƯʹЩŮ
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ĪƷ˵˲Ŵľ״̬»ָ˹ϡ
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ԼŮַ㣬Ů˾Ҳַ㣬ǽû᲻ܶԷأ
ĪƷ΢΢һЦ¶һںÿ˵ַм仰뵥˵һ£˾Ҹط̸
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Ͻ·ΣϸǹżΪı飬ԼΪĪƷľɫ·еҡ
ģϣ¶һʧı飬ΪʲôԼ·Լȡ뻪Ů˾֮һĪƷƶദһĻˣƫѽ
ַĪƷȥıӰȻعĪƷƵȻһһַ顭
˶¶˲ı飬ĪƷ߹ŵŮôǳ˵أĪƷƵȷһַ㣬Ҫַ˵ҲδǺ˵˵
˵üԳķֶ˼֣˵ĪƷɣΪʲôּһأⲻԼŮҲ˵ȥ
Ȼвãȴﲻ죬ֻܰҲ룬ĪƷһַ棬æҪַ֮便ʲôҪ飬һҪ˽̸أ
ĪƷƣǽԼĶ棬ַֻ˽飬ҪҪ̸

Уַ¶˺ÿЦ˵Ʒƣǽûˣ㻹ǰƯˡ
ĪƷƿַϵЦݣа̾˾жô޳ܣЦĸɾࡣ
ַůЦݣʲôŮܲƭ
ĪƷ˶˾Ư˵Ҳǿ˺ַܶ࣬ҲУַȻɱˣЩ飬ȴ·ǺܾԶˡ
Ǽ£ַҲûʲô¥ǵ˾֮ڸλʱƣһЩΥĵ飬ǰĶҲ翴ˡ
ĪƷ˵һֱƯ˵ҸƯҲδľ͸Ư˵ҲƯһǰһ
ԼƨûЧַɫҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ벻ĪƷѾͷһŮѺƶˡ
ԽԽ˵ĪƷƣַҲǰԶġ
ĪƷͬʱӵжŵŮûĸ˲ϲòԸַǳ͵һŮ
ĪƷһ棬˽ģַҲΪԼֱ֮ĪƷԽҪһû˵ĵطһ˵˼֮ˡ
ĪƷ⸱¹ģַ֪Լˡ
ȻĪƷƶ˵һʮӴݺң˵Ǳݺҵ;˵ֱʮػصʳģԼϣ֮Ѿһ˵ġ
ַ¶ʹı飬ĪƷ˵ǱʲƸȷһС֣һʽľ޶Ƹ
ַˣĪƷҪˣԭγǵΪ˰Լ
ַҡҡͷ˵Ϊ֮Ľ飬̸ǮĻԵЩ̫ˡ
ĪƷƿɲַװһ˵Բ̸ǮҴʮˣϣ֮ǵˣǿɶҪԷѽ
ԭЩ˶ҪģһΪǵأȻ߰ʮѪΪʲôһӴôأ
ΪãЩϣ֮һ˵鷳׷رæȻ˼Ҷˣܲܽǿֶɣ
ַ㰵еùΪӣԼŽĪƷƴ˹׳ԼĪƷһӴ˽ˣҲȷܳԼ
Щ˶ҪǮģ֪˵ʲôҲͬĪƷѾͷһӴô
һóһʲƸַ㻹ЩʹиǺ޵ֻҧԼհڿµʱû
ԼûԼ赽ֵزˣǴôթԼѾͷǷˣ
ַ㲻õ˵㰴˵ģĵʳҲﲻ˵ǸĿ
ַģĪƷаԿġ
¶һͰ͵ģ˵ִ磬ǹȥϣѾˡȻϣ֮ǵȷҪôݺңΪ˲߻£ҿ˵ѾѪǵ¥Ƕһ㣬Ҳûʲô˵İɣ
ַ㱾˵ĪƷͬʹһӣԼȥʧɱĸףҲû˵ʲô˵Ҳòʾ޿
ַûзԣĪƷǰַһ˵ȥսǱдô⣬裬׬ô࣬ҽһǮ˵ҲֻһСĿɣ
ҲɽѽСѾͷǳԶˣ
ĪƷͻȻɬһЦ˵ִ磬֮£
㲻ִݺҵɣĲˣ
Ųأ¥ڲ飬Լһֱˣִ磬Ҫ飬ȻСһ
ַ㵹ҲûоܾСѾͷոմԼѹôһʲƸԼԼһΪԼʧȥĶֻһ
ַͷ˵ֻҪ㲻ǴݺһֵǮ⣬ҾʹӦˡ
Ҿ֪Ӧҵģ鲻ܺð죬ʱ˿ͷҪû㣿
ȻԶң
ַЦһĪƷѾͷԽԽƻˣ벻ԼˣŪ֮ˡ


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ַصʱ򣬳Ѿˣ뿪ҳǣǵ˳⣬Ÿ»ڳַ㡣
ַ㵹Ҳµ˳⡣
ǴҪڼǰԼ֤ǻĵһǿߡ
˳ַ֮Цˡ
ڼʮǰɱˬŴܵǰ˿һôġ
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ַǵʱĪƷԴĵ˵ʮѲǸŵһ̫͵һǿѧѾ̥ǣ򲻿ɴ⡭һսһֻ»ʧճ
һĻ᳤ѣûʲôɵĵġ
ַȻ˵ȴԾ裬һΣƺĻԼȻģ˵һвΪֶ֪Ρ
ַȥܾãǰԼɱ̫֪ǿߣǰĳ㲻ʲôĪƷһѣž﷭Ȼ࣬ȴûС
˵콣Ǹˣ֮԰ж
˵ʵȻϹԽ˵ĻϹȴҲϹ׿ڶַ˵Ļ˵ĽȻϹ֮ϣַ͸оĺѡ
ҲӦϹֶԸԼ
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ţҵȻˣղſɴӦңҪΪһ£ˣһҪˣһԵ̫鷳ˡ
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ַ˵޳ܵĻĪƷڳԲˣַһȭԱԷַȴһȥˡ
ĪƷƲûһȥվ˳ͷͷҰԶ߿Ķࡣ
ĪƷͻȻ⵽һģһĽûҲվ˳ͷϣŮģ崿Ҫǣ˳һģһĪƷƿ˶ϲ
ַеǶԽûˣֲַΪˣϧѪˣϧλ˵У֮԰еһ֮Ƶ
Ůȷκ˼ˣΪǶһеˡ
ĪƷȻַ㼫Ϊ׽˼֮ףȴǼĿŮԸǽ¥ǽɻǿϣ֮ǡ
ĪƷƲûзǼַ㲻ɵĴ㣬˵ַ㵱ɱĸףһŴһУֻǰַ㵱֪ȴûаԼˡ
ӨãĪƷеҲûκεų֮ģǽעԼӨͷЦЦ
Ө˵ĪƷǴ˵вŴڵȻǽÿַ̫ǣжЩǽȴĪƷĴŮ
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Ө˵ĴŮء
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ĪƷַһʱȻǺܳȴΪ˽ַ㡣
ĩַ㲻֪˶ٱǿĶ֣ȴʼջĺúõģַԶͨ˵ԱֶΣϱǿһصǿߣҲǧټƵ
һĳ죬Ȼʲô⣬ҪܶԷƺҲѡ
ĪƷƵĻӨŷ֣صĵ˵ͷ
£ַͬһֻһڰлУ԰Ƶʿͷ˹ȥ䵽һյϡ
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ȵַ㣬㲻ٻĺĽļգ
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춯صһ̳
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ĪƷƵǿԶͨˣҲ׽˳һ˿ģӰӣĪƷƱַʮ㣬˿̣ȴеԼ
ѵ֮԰Ĳô˿ݵĽ
ﵽĪƷƣַ㣬ǿߣ֮ǿѾԵò̫ҪҪ˫սĸ
Ϊ࣬ĪƷƵҪǿַ㣬˿ԳĻֻ»ûзӦôһ£Ѿˡ
ǲ˳ĿֲĪƷƵһĲͻȻᵽɤۣһ̣ԼȻʮǸ޳ܵˡ
Ǹ˾˵Ļġ
ӨҪĪƷƲһأǵԶԶĪƷơ
ȻûпξǽȴĪƷƽŵıϣַǰƺ
ӨȻʲôˣȴĬĬ˵ִ磬ͣ


575  ۷彣
벻һƣѵһжǴĽ
ַ¶ٴеģԼȻС˳죬С֮԰λ
̳һԱвԼҲ˵ĪƷƵĵģеġ
ַĵĻǳ죬ַţ³ѧĽ⣬ȻֻͽΣ񣬾Ტۡ
ĻֻҪȳǿʮ࣬ԼĶֻĻֻҪסԷһѡ
ӦϹֶԸԼϹ֮ŵԼжǿҲ˵
ַܵģŵԵĻԼôӦַԼһܿŵԵˣֻҪ㹻ôԲںκŵԡ
Ҳ˵Ļ˵ԼС߬˵
ǱΪһ壬Լĳ죬ַѾˣһȷ죬ݣҲ
ַţڴ֮ǰһ˺ܶԼ˽ֵϣԼڵһЩ㡣
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ͷϣĪƷѾӦַľ쳣ĲеǸ
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ַ㲻ĻĪƷĶӣȻվַһߣַ˵ĻµŮҳǵ
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ڳһ̫㣬ַȻӲ·װǿһ㣬һȺ˳˼ǧס
һʮ֮һ룬ĳٴδ̵ַǰ

ַҵᣬеı
ҵײ֮±ŷľ磬֮ⲻͨʿεڵأһЩǿ󽫾Ҳ׷üͷǵһΪȹԼ壬ǰеڵľ˹ľ࿹⡣
ꡣ
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ѪȻ֪ղŵˣҳģȻһҳǳͷƿڴ
ʼգҳǵʿ뽫ǣֻζַսԳµһãȻδ
Ҫ˵ͨʿϳµĽǣҲһս˭ռƣ˭·磬ǿŵֻһԿֶѡ
΢ԵЩ⣬ûַ㽻֮ǰַսоַڼǰһնɱԻǿߵƵ
õ֮󣬳Ŵ̳һ
Ϊһնɱַ㣬Ҳشַ㣬ǣַ㵲һ
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˵ַ˿ԵȫһҲԵסȫһַѾһսʵ
ַȻܵȫһȻܵסȫһԼַսͲһһϦԽ顣
ַҲо̳һԶԶԼһնɱԻǿʱһ
벻һ˿ֲַ˳˼ǧ֮óʱ̣ŵס˳һ
޵֡
ȳ֣ƣַֻǴڷصĵλȻסԼȫһ˳Ŵкá
ʵϣַղŵסһ󷢶ȷֺĶַĳޣҲǷġ
ַЦĽҲ
ȻûаյĻôɱ㣿
ַҡҡͷ˵ɱңЩܶ˼ҳֵƵҲ˲һΣóҽеһЩ벻㡭ղһҽеĲҶĽȴ˽⡭
˵˶֣㱾ռ˴ˣղһȫȴȻκβңѾĽô㻹Ϊܹɱң
쵹Ҳûзϣղһȷ˺ܾòŷһղһһ޹ĶܵһȻԼɱַ㡣
ĶѧĽ⣬һԼĵơ
ţֻҪԼʹƵĻһɱַ㡣
ĵƣҲܣܣ֪ߵ˲֪˵ϣû˼ơ
һ̣ǾʹԼĵƵģҲ˵ַ潻ֵŴ㣬ԼʵĻַ㡣
һٴַ㷢˹ٶȻ磬ĪƷ֮⣬Ȼ޷׽켲۵Ӱ
ַȴĲ׽ԷӰһٶȼԶˣͬļϣûܹȷ
ٶȣַȴʮֵĻͬţУǿĿеı̳֮󣬸ѿʱϸ΢仯
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Źɴȥһ߱ȶƷ壬ȱչַǰܵϵ½ȥĪƷٴθֽı顣
ԭŮĪƷҲͨŮһʱ̣лŮɬһ棬ԼϲǰҲżֺۣߵ˱顣
ĪƷƾϣĿȴżۣ˺һᣬȴʲôûз
оϵĻȽȥ岢һ˿ΧʱĪƷƻ۾ַһߣճյĿ˷·סˡ
ɵϣʲôأ
ַЩ˵Ʒƣ
⻰ȷǷַġ
һ̫ƯŮСű˵ĸͮĽ뽭ˮŮеģԼӨûĽտɰ
ЩŮǶ˵壬Ҳַ㼫ΪԣǰĪƷȴԡ
ɵ˵һڱ޵Χвսһ˫ݵһĻĻʱĪƷƣһոճŮͬʻոʢ㱻Լˡ
ˣĪƷƻȥҪ޹䣬ȥɬǰѾԳŮԵ
˿̣ӵĪƷƣϸۼԼ壬չַǰ
ǰǧ˾¥˿Ҳһոչ˶ʮ꣬ҪСŮѡ
ĪƷƷ·ܵγˮĽ׼СزԼȻϸֲʧѩ״ȣַ㿴Ŀɿڴ
뵽ԼǰŮеĵһˣַͻȻоʲôҸǾãĪƷĽݺң˿ԼõһҹᣬĽﳬֵ
ЩͭݺȣĪƷ
ַĳޣĪƷƹַС˵벻ĵսַ㣬˵Ҳӡϣģ
ҲĪƷ˵ַ˿̴ֿģȷһӣĪƷ޳ַָһѽ׽סָ̰
ָܵϴģĸоĪƷƿЦ
ַ˫۾˿̸עĪƷƵ˫ۣ·Ҫ͸ǳӣ۾ȥ
¹࣬ޡ
ַ㷢ĵ˵Ʒƣ뽫ߣȥѾȥˣԺԶһɣ
ַ˫ƯϣִżջĿУĪƷƲһʧԼ
һᣬ˹ҡҡͷ˵¥ڶǺлһģǵ
벻⡣
ڲ⣬ţ˷˳еֵܽã¥¥ǣұ㽫ø㣬ֻµһСŮ֪㲻
ַ̾һҲһЩ޷뿪˳ǵģЩ꣬˳ǵĳɳ뷢չѪ
δĺӣ˳ֺγĺأԸѡ񣬵ڷ˳ĪƷ֮ѡʱҲѡڷ˳ǡ
˳ﲻֵ̻ܽãأĺȻ׵ʱַŷ֣ԼѾ˳ѪҲ޷ֿ
ĪƷҲһ⣬ַڷ˳ǣֺγ¥أ
ĩУÿ˶Լĸ飬ÿֶԼʹ
ˣС˳ǣͮ人ǣӨҲҳǣ޷Ĺϵ޷Լеǣңֻѡַһ
ַͻȻ
ĪƷƵǰ㣬§סַĲ˵ִ磬Ҳ˵һֵǧ𣬼ȻǴ˿һֺ֣ܿαعԺأ˵㣬Ѿе֪ˡ
ַҲָûвɢϯͮˣĪƷҲˡ
һסڷ˳ǣ̻ԶһΣ֮󣬴Ҳ徣˭Ҳʶ˭
ϿһΣ˭Ҳ޷ഺפ˭Ҳ޷Զס
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬δֳɳɳʱ˱ȥֻҪԼܹӵһ޻ڵ㹻ˡ
ַڻζ£ͻȻǰһһԺԴӲĶǰַͷ̴һ죬ֿɫĲ˫嶥ϡ
ɽȣǽַĿԽĳУַҲǣҪԽƽԭɽ塣
§һ
ʵĴ΢ҡĪƷƿٴ˵飬Է˶Է壬ǰһпʼòʵ
𣬲ǰԺֻںǰӵУ
·𿴵һУɬĶ㵽Ʊң¼ĳҹɫǲ֪ڸ˶ٷ

ַ֪¥Ǵ˰£֮Уһɽһˮ¥ǣǵĻЦ
£Ҳַһİ£ڳǣС˰вʱҲǴҴ뿪
ҳǣ˳һַ֮Ҳûж
¥ǣȴĪƷƵ֣˳˰¡
ĳҹ꣬һ㽫ַĸڻַ֮¥ǴãΪȷĪƷƣĺ֪ͬ
һ棬֪ĪƷ¥ǣԶҲԼ˫˫ɣԼһҲҲû֮ա
Сһ죬ȥҼ֮󣬱δȥ˳ǹһһ
ͮѾͷȻ󣬵ˣˣȥ˳Լ
̻Ǳڷ˳ǣһ죬˳ǲˣҲַȥκεط
ĪƷȴȥˣһΣǷ֮һηֿǲ֪¡
ˣַžܵҪԼ߶һӣ졣
ַ㲻Զ¥ߵɽϣַɽۣ֮ӭķ罫ͷҡ
ĪƷַסϸ¶˳ı顣
ʱܹжãֲܣַ̾һ֪ԼˣַعͷʱĪƷѾоҪʲô¡
ĪƷư۾۽ë˸һ˵Ҫ뿪𣿡
һʱ䣬ұġ
Ȼߣ߰ɣҲطҪ㣬һҸʱ⣬ԶҲ£㣬ԶΨһˡ
ַ룬ȻйܶƯŮҲǿֵʱǵĹ˰·绨ѩµĿԼһûоһҲûз
ַͷ˵ҲǣҽҸİ¡
ַ㻺ĪƷƻ˫֣ǰһԾ˸߸ߵɽ塣
ַŵ漸׵ʱһת͵ǰƽɳһξ룬ȵͣɽС
ɽۣ֮ĪƷϵˮѾĻ䣬ɽǰأ쿪ϱۣͷգ۾ӭķ磬Ķȹɴ
һ̣·վ۷塣

ַ㻹ûлص˳ǣõһ𾪵ϢͷѪȻˣʣµӰӳ밵ǿߣ֮ͬ棬ٴμڷ˳⣬˳Ƿ˷Ľ
ַһʱ䣬һǰĴѾٳˣһܵʱ䣬Ĵν˳ǣֹ̻ˡ
ʱַĪƷƵɽˮꡣ
죬ĽͻȻĴҹϢĽ˳ǣ̻о˾޴ѹַ֪ͨ㣬췵ط˳ǡ
ַд󾪣֪̻Ůһ⣬ԸǵΣͷĻǲ֪ͨԼġ
֪ͨԼɼ˳ľһʮּˡ
ַսǱ֮ȡͿշ˰ʱԽ˱ǣŷ˳ǰ֮ʱȴ⵽˵漤ڵں䣬յͿշڻ䡣
ַ㷴Ӧ죬ڷ֮ǰǰȥ˵ղŵڻҲİ
벻һ֯ܣڱڷ˳ǰ֮㿪ʼȻΪ˷ֹ˳ϣ֮磬ֹ˽ȥӪȷ˳ǡ
ַ㲢ϣԼڵӰֻҪԼǸһ˳Ǹмľ׷Լ
ȴһ£Ǿۻ᲻ԪһΣʦѪΧǣձԼɱһΣۻ᲻ԸϹأ
ַȻüΪǿ󣬵ۣȴһļɵ
һΣ۱ǿش۱Ǽ̲֮ˣ˵˿̣Ѿָ˹ȥй֮
½ַ㣬ҲԶԶˣּǿߵĶ֡
Ƭ֮䣬㱻شΪ̹Ŵ½պǿߣȻһŲȱԴ
ֻҪۻָȫʢʱڵַֻбɱķݣһΣ֪ûԪ
ַͷ˼ν֮ʣԶͻȻһŨҵɱס壬ַ״󾪣ͬһֻһ㵹ɳ˼ǧףͼǵɱľ
ǵεɱַ㼲۵Ӱһƶַڶʼڵλá
ַеľȸ벻ǵɱǵңңɱͬһŴһס
ַĶУϵۣˣƣϹ֮⣬ûܹɱס塣
ѪͲܣͷʱĳҲܡ
ѵ˵ԼϵģˣƼǿ
ȻԶԶۣȴҪԼǿ˺ܶ࣬Լʲôʱһλ񼶱ǿߣ
ַ㲻ںˣǶԶޱߵĴ֣һ˵ѣȻˣΪʲôһ
ţ
һŮ֮һø߸ߵĴһź䳤ȹŮһǸŮַвһ㶡
ԾһŮǸŮַͣȻȴԸоԷӦòǲ
ӶԷ۰׵ľͿԹ۲һС
ŮͷϴŸӵƽᣬһ§ɸ߸ߵԲΣַĿһ£ǸŮͷԲηﵽ˰ס
˵Ů⸱ӦúܹŶԣ⸱磬ŮÿѼҶüȴԵǰŮƯдżֱ˵Ӣ
Ů㲻Ϻģ弫ΪƣҲ⾫£߸ߵԲγеӢ
ַԺУɵԼȥĹװӻòʱڵŮǣʹһϮۡ
һЩڻУַҲͷ߸״Բεͷ͡
ǰַΪ˵Դֱв˵ǰŮˣͷȻܺÿҪͷ֪ҪѶٹ
ϣ̳ͷô˯ͷڶǲǻҪǵڶ콫ͷĻûһʱ
ŴŮһ㻹ҪٳּҪͷһ쵽벻Լȴ濴һͷڳĹŮ
ַͻȻһֲõԤС
ʵУǾŮ˵ģһϸµһشС콫ͷֻɱǣҲ
ͮǸëëţһʱ䣬Ҳӵͷ
ѵղԼ漤ڻеʱ򣬷ʱŤԼֵһϵĹУŻĹװŮ
ִ꣡ˣ


583  عװŮ
ַ˺þãҲûʱںʱһŮ
ϸĿһ£ŮϲûаϵϢȻ԰ǿߡ
Ů˿̵ģȷִ̫֣ǲܴģַŻΪԼִԽ˹ȥĳʱ
ҲƣԼһʲôʱأôһոճŮ
ѵԼսŴȣô
ַ㿴ŮϵжǿȴоԷϵֲŮҲˣһĴڡ
ַģµӾЩ͵ģ΢΢һ˵λŮǰ𣿡
ŮʧϵĿⶢַ㣬ҡҡͷ
ַ˵֮гޣ֮ǰ𣿡
Ůҡҡͷ
ŮͷԲеľͷַвɵЦܵŮҡͷʱͷǸԲһµ·ʱСŤ˲ӡ
ַиǰ̾ǲĲᣬǹŴŮˣ·ҪСġ
ŮղĶʮֿݣַǲ⣬ŮһͲִҹ͵ŮпһŴŮͷͣһ֪᲻úܱŤ߲㣿
ͷ͵Ļʱˣ᲻þ׵
ַ㻹û⣬Ůһ˵ַɣ
ַ㱻Ůһ仰ˣԼִˣôᱻŴϳѵŴҲ˽ַ
ѽŴ˽ַ㣬ҲӦôһװԼȴһϮ£Ůϴ˵ģΪʲôԼ
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ŮһһѷıŮУŮһ˵ҾͲɱˡ
ŮõľȻַ˳
ŴôǹŴˣִ˵ĻŮֻ֣»Լ֮ϣԼȴû˵Ĺ봫˵
ַڿڵĸ̫͵ˣ
֮԰
ԭѣ֮԰Ϲѣ֪ϲʶ
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ƯŮԼǴû˵ղҲ˵ˣԼûûޣΪʲôҪɱԼأ
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Ůֻ֣°е˻Ͳǿߡ
ӰӳǾ͸ŮˣӰӳǵ˴󲿷֮֮֮԰֮䣬Ǿȥ֮԰Ұֵġ
ȻΪʲôҪɱԼأ
λ㣬޳޺ޣ˵ûɣ
ȷ
֪ΪʲôҪɱң
֪ˣһ֮Щ˼𣿡
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װŮ˼һᣬ˵ַԪҲҽԸɱɣҲһ׹ʶ
˵죬Ҳйһ֮Ե֪ʲôˣ
δޣ֮ĹϵȻãҲȴԪŮΪ˴ҡ
ַϸǰŮһۣǰŮʻòѷɫӨãǶԽûй֮
ԼŮòģҲֻ̻ĪƷȼ˶ѡ
̻ĪƷƵȣŮֶ˼ʷǰеĹŵװŮַϴĻжΪŮȷֵ
ַ㲻ʵûʲôޣڽ㣬Ҹδţǵһμ棬ʵڲףΪʲôҪɱң
Ůתȥ˵ڰ֮ǰұ˻飬ǼĻȻ࣬໥֮ĸ黹ǢǰʼȴԪŮԴ˶䵭
ַȻ֪װŮ˵ŮӨãǰַʼΪӨãֻǽ˫ݡ
װŮĿУַ֪ԭϲӨã͸ַЩ벻ˡ
ǰװŮ֮ͬ԰໥֮Ӧþ档
װŮӵбӨûҪڵòûɲϲģȴƫƫϲԪӨá
ǰŮַ㿴һ۶ĶȴܲԣǾ⣬֮԰ͷ͡
ַлƵŮĻʮңֻǲ֪Ϊʲô䵭
ַ׵ǣδޣӨãԼȴǰ棬õӨ˵壬Ҳƻĺ¡
òӨ࣬ǰװŮӦøˣмԼŶԣΪʲôҪɱԼأ
ԭδޣȻ͸֪ϲŮѾңԺûκλõǽˣԺֻһһĶ㡭ĳ˵ǼӰ㣬ҲĶˣûĻɱҵģ֪Ϊʲô
¶ŮıӰַȻԸܵŮɢſֲɱȻŮҪɱȻŮ顣
ԼͻȻ֣Ůˣûж֣ԷһεεСŮԼôִݻأ
ߣַʼղϰߴӱϮˣϮŮˣҲоŮתõαһӦ͵Ϯİ취
ַŮ֮䣬ϾûнⲻĳޣԼ粻֮࣬ƶԷΪѡ
͵ϮδĻ˫㳹˺Ҳû˻ء
ŮתͷӢ˵ϴһ˿įıУַµ̫䵭ŵǰŮһ˵ӡ
װŮĿнһ˿ɣĿַ˵ҵ֪ϲԪŮ֮мʵҪԪãõȷտɰҼֲýϲǡ
ҲúƯ
ַĳޣװŮ˵лл
ַеЩЦװŮɱģ˿̣Ů˵ӨƯʱַ̲סŮһ
ҲַֺöԷʵʵ˵ΪŮȷƯ
Ů˵ǶԽû֮Ҳ֪Ϊʲôϲǣ˽տɰͬһ峺ɾ뽣ϲǵĴɾʱҵĵһ뷨ɱǣֻ֪Ҫɱǣһһ
ַ㰵һһŮ͵ϮֻԼѱܹҪ˵Өˡ
ֱ˿̣ӨֻҲ֪һǿĲ񻰵Ů͵ǣɱ⣬ŮĪķŹǡ
ǳõĹµʹȻɣװŮƺбҲżɱַ㣬Ƕ˵Щ£Լ΢ı仯
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ַѾŮҪǿܶ࣬ĻԿһԼȻǿıԼһϸĵҲ
ֻҪŮɱַ㣬ҪַŮԣ˵ҹַҲֶƣ
ңŮƯ˵һֹϹζַź
ŶԷϺŵ㣬ַ㲢ΪԷ˵һôʹ顣
ַ㵭Ц벻һˣŮԼδ»һŭ֮£ͽ»˺ƬˣӨ඼ȥ˺ΪʲôҪɱأʵ벻ɱҵɣ
ѵ벻ɱ𣿡
ַ㲢ûлشŮĻֻһ˫϶۾ŶԷ
˫۾ڻ˲֪Ůеļţ˭˫۾֮Ҳ᲻ɱԼ
ŮĿͶԶ
ϣַһźƯһ˫ܴ۾˫۾飬ƺ߽صɱԷ⡣
ŮƺԸַ峺ĿŽ۹ַܿ㰵пϧ۾ɱٴҲҪԷӴĻС
ʵɱɺܼ򵥣ƻ˽׷Ըһܺ㣬Ϲһֱӳɱ㣬ɱĻһתġ
ַ˰̬ϻ˱̬ŮˣԼδˣ˵ڱһѣӦöԼʾлŶԡ
ȴͨɱԼֺδô˱̬ŮˣѵΪ֮԰̫ţŮֻ̫ãŻᾫ
ַҡҡͷ˵뷨ȻܺãûУɱңӨٴͶĻУʱ޶
˵ҲҲ뵽Ůĸ񣬾ɱ㣬ҲԽͶͱһĵɱ˽磬ѵΪұΪʧȥδ򣬶ͶĻ𣿡
ַ㰵Ů˼ϸ塣
ȷԼˣӨĸ飬ǽþޣҲͶͱ
װŮϣҲһĵ
ַҲòϣǸˣӨòǴûֶԼĵĻ˵ǽĻᰮ
ǧ򲻸ã͹̫ˣϲӨ࣬ȴװһĪģӨűԼ˱ˡ
ɱԼĺôװŮȻ̵оһҲ˵ԼԴŮɱԼ
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ŮҲĬ˺һᣬ⼸꣬ϲԪӨãŮ֪бܲġ
⼸ѻ죬ȴеȫַ㣬˵þû߹ˡ
ַ֮˵ЩҪһ˵еίҪǣַһ֮ˣַ֪ЩҲûлὫЩȥ
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ַ֪Ůܿͻ֣ȴⳡսΪȱģַľ־ᶨ˫Ĳ̫
˼ǿߣĿǰַܹ࿹ģַһ̯˵Ҿ̸ͦǢģٶ̸һ᣿
սǱ֮У˵ǵϴɱ𣬽ôˣ
е˵Ȼʵ⣬ǰרŴˣȻɱˣɫ㻹ָǰһӢ𣿡
ǸŮϴ˵군ǲһҪˣ
ᣬŮȻǿ̫ʵ˵ƻʮҲ˵Ķ֣ɱˣûס
װŮеı̧ȻһֵĻ᣿
ȷ
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ַ㲢ûŮ֣һת廯Ϊһ磬ƴԶ񱼡
Ӳģ
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սǱеЦŤͷ˵ֶԽԽˣȻһ˵ӰǸ߸߷Ů˿ԼһֻնһӰĻ˿һСˣ
ԼСģΪŵ˵С˼ˡղֻһСһӰǸŮһҲûм˸ֶΰɡ
Լһնַ㣬װŮһ˿м֮ɫ
һʼַ㻹һٴеģȻ֪ԼҪַǿһأַЩ꣬ݺԪ޵УҲǲʵ
ַģȴɵһַնΪΣַҪˣȻˡ
֮԰ǿ߶нǧǰװŮӣҲн֮԰УŮ˽൱ԪиոʮŮ
ʱأַ㲻ĩ˼ѣô֮԰ǿᲢأ
װŮмıܿһأһرһĲ죬һնеַ㲢û屻ն֮Ѫˮ磬Ǳһš
Ů֪ԼƭˣԭղնɱַֻһӰ벻ַоȻһӰŮɵðַƻ
װŮҲַȻ󣬵ַҪȥĵطֻһǾǷ˳ǡ
ķ˳ǱشΧַĸͻΧ޴ĶʱͿҵַĲ֮һն
װŮзģһΣҲַӵ

ַһߣһߵͷ˼벻ԼܶôãҲֻԪۣһߵȼԪռǿߣҲֻݱܷͷ
ͨӦַսǱеϵͳŮĶԻջ˵ǻ鿴ҵЦ
ɵ˵ղЩС˵ģҿʲôû˵ղ˽һӰҲҲû˵ʲô𣿡
ˣʱ档
֪ԼһαСѾͷˡ
ֲ磬սǱУǿĴڣҲĶ֣ϵͳַ㡣
ϴѽղ̽סǸŮˣûпЦ˼
ַ˵ԭˣһǸŮ׷ȥס
ϴǿ󣬶ǸŮ˸ϵĴӣǿ߽֣ҹȥֱѽ
˵˵ţɫʱˡ
Լô˵ַıŮ׷ĴӣԼҲʵʵ˵ɣ
ԼСĽʵ˵˳ַúûӵģǸħһ˵ԼսǱ֮иϳԼȥֲŮˡ
ԼôͲһ͸רַ㰮Ļ˵أ
ַ㡮šһûм
ųһַϴȥ
ʲôȥȻȥ˳ˣ
ϴһ⣬ڷ˳ǱΧͬͰһ㣬ǴκһطͻΧὫǸŮղǸŮ̫ˣǺòײôͶأ
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ַ˵ϻ̻ǶôǿŮ˳ǲǵΣĹͷôҷźţҲȥ˳ô죿
ǸŮô죿
ð죬һǸŮˣǰס취ط˳ǡģ㲻ģһԶס㡭
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С˵ħҪӲһӰӳǿߵľѻٴνǸŮһΣҿϴһˣ
˵ĲǰһὫɳȥԸǸŮ˵ģʱһ
ΪϴˣͿԶϴ֮ǰ˵ǰԪ񣿡
Сٺ˵˵ЩΣһβƽµĹˣ
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ǲб㲻֪ȴ֪˴ûյ顭
ַû磬ֱ˳Ƕȥ
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ֻҪԼ˷˳ǣ̻ԼǿߣʱҪֹסװŮҲʲô£⻹ٶʱ䡣
һССӵԻ˵壬һпľٶȡ
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һǿ߷ַ㣬һַͷҲδֱ̧ӷһУ˵㵹ڵأΪһ⡣
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ȴԼЩ˲סװŮϹĻлԼɡ
ַ񹭣ʮ㽫ʮǿһ⡣
ҵʱַǰĽŲû˿٣뿪ʮǿ֮Щ˵ͬһʱ䵹顣
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ַн֮ʱмʮǿΧסַ㣬ոճֵЩǿߣǿַһʼϵЩǿߡ
ַ㿴һۣЩ˾Ӱӳǵǿߣв˵Ǵﵽİʮ㣬Ըһ㡣
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ַѷɫ񹭣ͬʱǰۼеıΪһ⣬˵Ӱӳǿ߾ɨ
漴ַ㳷ԭأֽǰ˵κҪΧַˣҪصĴۡ
Ӱӳǿߵַ㣬߸дǿͬ飬˲Щ⣬ַ֮ǵΪ֮ˣ˵֮ʱַͻȻ֣ĽҲͬһ̣Ӱӳǿߵľǡ
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ӰӳǿߵԴڵϵʱȻŲŵı顣
Ҳѹ˾죬ַ㣬֮ôͬ飬Ȼַ͵Ϯ˭Ҳǰһжġ
ٺ˷׷׺ˣһŭֻһˣһϣ۴Ͽǡ
ַЩ벻ףΪʲô˵ϿǣѵѾˣûԪֻˮӦԪһС
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սǱУŶԴ˵һΣϴǰˣǰдУ׷˫һ׶Ըģƫƫһ𡭡
ɰһ˿ŵЦ˵ַûаΣĻͲҵˡ
㣬ҪԹ𣿡
ԹôԴһΣҶսǱȫѪһ֮սǱеȫľˣЩӸոջһ㣬ֱ̰ȥڵսǱҪάתѣѵһЩʲô𣿡
˵Ĳҵĵǣϴ򲻹ǣҳȥæ
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鼱֮£ַе㣬ãӰӳЩ쵰
װŮȻ˽꣬ȴľûо̫ĹĶǣ֮԰һƽ˾ĵط
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ȻɱַĴ㣬ȻҪųȥ
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ӰӳǿǺܿ˹װŮϵϢ֮԰
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ֻҪŮƻǾɱַļƻǵҲŮöԹ
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Ů죬նӰӳǿߣıϸûմһѪ
Ӱӳǿһ﷢㶣ַеúãЩ˾ȫˣ
ӰӳǿˣᶨǸղŵжϣŮַԮ
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ȴû뵽ַ㲻֪һŮŮĳ֣ȫǰļƻ
Ѫеͬǣֿ˿ֲַĶŮһӰӳǿŭǸŮ̫ˣɱַǸֻ֣ҪǸŮһַӲȥġ
սǱУģ̾һ˵ҵϴ˵ҲУԽԽˡ
˵ϷʱҪ˵ƻ˽£ҪȻÿ


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ŮеıĽ߰ӰӳǿȺ󱻿ڵأӰӳǿߵ
ҲмӰӳǿûеǵڵϣʹаԼϵѪˮɣҵȥ
ַ㲻һ
һתۼ䣬ʮӰӳǿ߱һ룬ԼЩ˶ֵĻҪɱôӰӳǿߣȻҪĴۣŪãԼЩ˱ش
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ŮȻӰӳǿɱȴһֱעַһһַҪܣŮҡҡһ̧֣һֱԶַȥ
ӭĽʮַ㲻ҳֽӲӣһһԡ
ַ㲻ԶһӰӳǿ߶ǵУ˵üͻȻѿֱӽӰӳǿΪ롣
ŮֵļӰӳǿߣŮһϮַ㣬ȻնǵһͬϣŮһʼϮȴַ㣬ȴǲʵ
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Ǹָ֡ոպʱӰӳǿߵľͻȻһԴһ·˳ȥһŮģһֱûгֵַ³֡
ַ㿴Ӱӳǿ߽ߵסֵ⣬ȻٴװŮӰӳǿ߱ǰ˵ĻԼĻ·
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ŮսӰӳǿ΢΢һǲΪʲôλͬͻȻס֣һʱ˵ͬ飬ַһԴ
ʣµӰӳǿһŮЩˣֱַȥ
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Ӽ˻ҧأοЩ˻֮ĸǿߣ
Ӱӳǿ໥һɫԴУһ
ŮѾԽǵ壬ַȥЩӰӳǿǣںһеĵֱŮĺĴȥ
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Щ˾ݣϣ֮ƴΪַĻΪַһġ
ŮȻмЩӰӳǿͣⲢ˵ͿƭãŮƯۺݺݵַһۡ
ֻɱӰӳЩݵļһɱַ㣿
ŮԭַͻȻͣסһתӰӳǿߵؿڣ֪ʱֲѪ
ӰӳǿߣԼλõѪԼӿȪѪˮĵĵ˵ϡ
ַ㲻ɵðޣŮÿĽԼղֻתȴûпγŮղŵһԼԼô죿
ŮղŵĿԼĻֻԼʲô㱻Ůһ̴ࡣ
ַͷϺ䣬ղŮĳĶƺЩ񣬲ȴҪȳ˺ܶࡣ
ѵŮĽһ˵Ĵ
ҪȻŮĽôЩ񣬶ĽǸѧģַŻ롣
ǰַ콻֣ΪԼѾ˽Ľ⣬˿̼Ůֻ֪ѧһЩƤëѡ
쵱֮ʱһֻҲûʮ֮һŮȻķЩȴҪȳǿһء
ԼСλ֮԰Ĳ
ʮУŮļӰӳǿߣѾȺŮַһۣ˵ڣֵˣ
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תۼ䣬ӰӳǿѾŮַǰַеǵǣĸˣ˶Ѫǿߡ
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һӰӳǿŮ˵Щ˶ɱ𣿡
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ѾͷΪʲôɱ֮ôˣ
Ůûüڣַһ˵һƲλ֮˾ɱҲûʲô˵ġ
ףǰŮǿߡ
ȷַҲ޷ɱӰӳôǿߣ˵Ůһַ֮԰ľȱˣ
һǿȵŮˣȥֵǱɱַ㣬Ʒ˳ǡ


586  
ַ˵֮ǿߣΧ˳һսеٮٮߡ
ǿȫ˳ǵĻ˳̻ɣǿ߾Ҳǰ˵Ķ֡
ǰŮеļʮӰӳǣǱ˳ǵĻҲ˳ǴԵĴ
˳ûбƣһ̻ЧķҪԭǣӰӳǿһֱûзǿڵַŽ˷˳һ
ԼûŮĻԼʮӰӳǿߵľѻԼδܹȥԼɱط˳ǣǰ֮ǿߣɱ˳ǵĻ˭赲ǣ
ַףΪʲôûԪǼʮӰӳǿߣټӽĸǿߣԼЩ˶ԵУûκλʤϣġ
ǧ㣬ȴû㵽Ů׷ɱԼֱԼ˰ڴУһٻ˼ʮӰӳǿߡ
ַһŮʱоѾһģ뷨ǾŮ֮ǿ߽սԼһ֮
ڱŮնӰ֮ȻԥӲΪǿ߳ɱԼ
ַѾŮȻǿ󣬵ȴǸԴתıŮˣԼ밵֮УȻ᲻ܲ˵׷ɱԼԼŮɱķˡ
ʵҲȷˣ飬ַлҪúܶࡣ
ʮǿӰӳǿߣǱַɱ֮⣬ȫװŮϡ
ǿĲ˼֮ǿߣַ㷴ŻȥˣһڻȥĻ˵·
ֻ˼ǿ׷ɱַ㣬ַҲӦһǿɱ˳ǣ˵˳ɻԵĴ
ֻҪˣڴ֮УҲûпԼĶǿߣΣ಻ѽˡ
ͬʱŮŮһеıΪ⣬ס塣
˵ıնŮγɵĽӰϣʱֱ۷飬ȻŮӵе֮ϡ
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ˣ֮ҲǶǿߣǧ𾴵ĴڣۼǣҲֵܿĲˡ
ǼҲΪԪֻҪָնַ㣬ȴû뵽һλŮ
ƾǶ˽⣬Ů֣ȫӵмʮ˿ڵ̹Ŵ½УŽǰʮǿߣСӡ
սԽԽңַҲ¶˽֮ɫŮˣѾ˽֣ŮȻɱַ㣬ַȴ
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İˣַ飬ǰŮȴһĪĺøС
ҲǶԷϵʣҲǶԷ԰ִţַЩжϣǰŮ
ŮԪ֮ҲԼΪѣЩ֮ǿߣǾַκʽЭġ
ַɱǣɱַ㣬ЩַĵˣûκκƽദĿܡ
ˣַϣŮʤ
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Ůͷ϶һ߸ߵķڼҵսУȻ˿ûӰŮٶȣȻִһһͷ˿ԺĻǸ
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βأǻһͬھַҲ˼⣬ԼܿŮЩһͬھԹ
սǱ֮УΪֺɵƵĶһ΢Ц˵㣬˵ճ
ʮԶһСŮģ
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ΪɵŮɱ˵ģЩ֮ǿҲҪɱˣ˰ͲһͬھأôֻŮأ
⵹ǣϴǳѪ飬ֻҪܻȥȫǰ޶ԡţϴŮǳµʱ⡭
һѪսˣŮĽ£Ůĸ첲ϣźװĴҲЩ֮ǿ߿˺ü
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ŮȻ˺üˣͷķȻ߸ȻŻŵı飬·˿̲ɱһ顣
ŮͷȻܱƽģַǸҶ϶ŮǰĻһ֮԰Źʡ
ԣŮҪǿӨãֱַҲ벻ףΪʲôǰŮǶӨжӡ
漴ЦЦԼ̫ˣ鱾Ǻܼ򵥵飬ԽõİԽ򵥣в̫ණǱ㲻ǰ飬ˡ
˵ƯŮõġ
ҲһǼƯŮ㣬һЩô޹ŮϵĶʣһ΢ЦʹһЩкԡ
ҲŮģϲǵУȴӦģһ޶ġ
˭˵ŮˣҪȥЩشδ۾ƯŮˣ˭˵˧һҪٻŮԼ˭˵ƯŮ߱һ˧磿
ʵУǾһƯŮһô˧ͨкڻ
Щк֮ͨΪûиߴ˧ûд˵ȡ֮֮ߵĲƸֻһͨˡ
Ⲣ߿ԳƯŮ
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ֻΪЩкһЩƷʣһЩƯŮĸԸĴЩƽкߣԼΪҸ
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Ϊ˵۹ⲻͬŻԪУӨԽûġ
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ŮˣԺҲû׷ɱЩ֮ǿˣʣµİҲβˡ
ַȴЩϧĸԪռ䣬Ŷ䱦һַϣҲһЩ֣ȴ֪Լš
һ֮ȡýĳɾͣҪȱ˶һľ飬ʼվ۷壬ҡ
ǰŮȴеţַǰδı棬һ׷ɱԼַ㵱ȻŮʲôøС
Ůˣȴеϧ
Ͼһˣ֮԰еԪ˵һʧϣŮһսл
һѪַ㣬ȻģϣԼĵ˿ⳡսҴ
һ˵ŮĽ£֮ǿߵصʱһȭŮؿڡ
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Ůֽ԰׵ַҲµŮһһ˵Ĳᡣ
֮ǿ֮ǰȫȫŮؿڣ֪Ůؿڣֻж߹Ǳһȭϡ
Ů֣˵ö㲻һھս֮£ĵļΪأ֮һһѹʹ˼صһ
ŮѪһ˷һ̶Ц
бͻȻǣסŮȫŮ˿̵֮ǰѾۿۣȻȫأȻԷı˺üۡ
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˵˻Цʹú˵ģɲ֮
Ůüͬ߸Ĵ۾Ҳð񣬵Ŀⴥַʱȴû¶κԹ֮ɫ
ŮȻһİȻոʱһ
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Ů֪Թ޵ĿɱˣŲ˷Ѹ顣
֮ǿߵһ֮Ůķ½һһǰ£ŮȻ˴ýڽڰˡ
һ߳һŭСɱôֵܣ䵽ҵϣҶҪܾµĿ̶ڷСǳûһҪúһ
Ҫúһֵ֮ܣҪƷһεСǵζ湻֮ٽɱ˳⣬ǿѪ⣬֮ҲǼΪ󲹰ɣ
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ַҪȥʱȴͻȻ˺˵仰ַ㲻ɵóŮϿȥŮϵıȻûκβ
ŮûҲûзŭûκεӵıʾֻƽĵֵźԽԽǿĽ
Ȼڴ֮ǰƾһ֮ɱ˼ʮӰӳǿߣڸղţѹ֮Ķǿߡ
˿̣ȴȵĽڽںˣŮͷԲηҲŮ·еһŲʱпھС
תŮɱĲˣַ㲻ΪĴǣŮҲǻƽȮˣ֮Ի䵽һԼ
Ů׷ɱԼԼҪԼʮӰӳǿߣҪԱԼҪǿĶ֮ǿߡ
ʱԼֻ»ûп˳ǣѾĲˣ˴η˳֮ս֮йǿߵȷ̫ˣŮȻɱģȴ֮¾Ҳ˳ǵˡ
ʹַãԼ˿ȥһ顣
ŮƯ֮ǿУһĺ裬ԼôܿһʵŮ֮ǿأ
ŮԼƵǽǣдϲһɱŮҪ¼Ůˣڼȥ
ֻ֮ȥЩ˲Ŀ
ڣŮĺԱصһ
漴Ůоǰһб˸ǱˣԶַҲˡ
ַ˱ˣΧһһľ඼Ӱ
Ů建أ˵¶ЦݣһŮһ˵Ĵͷ­ͻȻ˳ȥ
ŵڵϵĺʬ壬ַҡҡͷ˵ô벶ȸںĵأӣˣΰɣ
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587  
һֺܺŵ
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ŮϷֺϢԪδŮϵĵȣζвͬ
ַȻҲ˵ŮϷľһζȴоԼϲŮϵζ
оů㣬ַһеĸо
ģģΪַŮղѪսлһеŮɱͬһ
ԼеŮ˿̿ڰݵĻУŮϸǹŵȻı飬˭ĿһۣΪŮ˯ˡ
ѵһֻСèַ㻳ŮղűǿĲ˼Ů޳źУô̺˿ɲأ
ŮüͷŽһֻץסַĸ첲˵硭ԺʲôġҪ뿪ҡ
Ů˵ȻᣬַĶȴͬһ
ַһ㽫ŮһƳȥܿͷ֣Ůûѹз߽
ַͻȻԼĶͷѾ亹Ů§ڻҲоŮϵǺܺš
ȴ֪ŮǺģ޺
ѹĻһƾҪԼŮһǿѽ
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ǾôˣôˣһʧҲ֮԰ʧԼûаϵ
һŮѹ˵ҪԼŮŲϣַͿŮһΪ۵ˣ϶׸ı䡣
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ΪӰӳǿ߼Ȼһôַ࣬·ŮҲһشǲųˡ
һӰӳǿ߽е벶ȸںɱôֵܣѾǿ֮ĩԹŮɣ
ַͬ˵ȣղЩ˶λɱģ޹أߣһֱ񣬾ʲôǿ֮ĩҪһǣҲ룬Ҳǻȸ
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ȴû뵽ϣҲ
Ӱӳǿ߸֪ϵѾﵽ򣬰ǲǰ鱨ַҲİҡ
֮еκһˣɵɱַ㣬ȴͬʬ塣
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ŮѾ˻ԣַҲǿ֮ĩˣӵвַжʱϲΪʱˡ
֮ôǿߣսУȴһԵŮƣַ㣬ֻҪǶָɱǰˣ˸͸ǵ
߽֮󣬲ŷַ㾫ȣûһս֮ƣ͡
Ů첲жദˣؿڸһ̲Ѫѵղе˶ŮɱģַһֱһԹ
ôܣַŮһģŮϴ˺ַۣķȴɸɾһѪûմȾϡ
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Ůֽ԰׵ɫϾͿԿŮƼأͽЩͷˣ˲ͬĻŮôַߣԸ֮ǿߣ
ͬĻΪʲôŮ֮ǿԡѪսַȴһԿأ
һӰӳǿߵ˵ղλһַ֣̫ûвμǳս
һӰӳǿߵ˵ͷ˵ֵΪ۴²湦ʱˡ
ӰӳǿΪ뷨Ǿ֮ļλϵҪַһأǾַġ
һĻпǱַϮġ
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ҲоŮɢĵϢȻŮ֮԰ǿߡ
ȻַϺŮвٽˣ˵ŮһΪֲĴڣղŵս̫ߣûַСɫֵء
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ַ㱧Ůһ񱼣Զ˰ӪһɽͣŮŵĲݵϡ
һУַŸеԼĶЩ๾ҽС
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ŮıַǰûдȥȻҲЩò⡣
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ŮеԼͷʹҪ֮䣬زǴʹŷ֣Լϲˣ߲ĺü߹Ҳˡ
Ůɵսʱһ̣ýͷϺݺһ
建㵹򲻻Ц۹ǲϵ׳ز׵Ĵɨ裬¶ζı顣
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ŮȴǰʧȥףĻԺʲôȥأ
Ůɵ˵ң
Ȼ㵱ʱ֮ĳϣͷϻһʱұһ֮뵽һεεСѾͷЩ֣֪֮衭
˴ս˰˰ٻغϣұʹԼľУնˣٺмʮӰӳǿһΧңұ壬˾ţ֮ɱΧ
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Ůмǣǰ˲ûгԵʱ۸ԼǷ˶Էһ顣
Ů̧ͷ˵лл㣬ɣһҪɱ㣿
𱨵飬ңͱ֮˸ˣ
ҳȹңҲЩ֮ǿߣҪɱңһĻǼʮӰӳǿߣ֮ϣǶɵɱ㡭˵һʼҾһȣҲȷһǷɱҲ֮У
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Ůҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ʲôǶǣҲҪ˵ЩĵʣҪɱ㣬ҾǷʲôɣ
Ů˵仰бΪ⣬ֱַȥ
ַһ֪Լжϴһ£ǰΪŮѾشѾͷҲвԼž˶Է
Ůһַ֪ԼˣŮ֮ҲҪԶԶǿ죬֪һĻԼŲأ
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588  ޳޵
ַ㽫һ̳һĽֱŮתĽȥ

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ŮüĸˣַһȻûжŮκε˺ڳ֮ʱȴǣϵƣʹЩܲܡ
Ůûм¶һľ֮ɫ
ķַղųĶַһ̳֮ʱбųĽ⣬еƺ
ȻֻһۣŮ㿴˺ܶණַ㽣趯ģĽ⡣
ַ̳һٶȻԶԶȴʮִıĽŮеЩ˼顣
޵˾ַ㣬ôὫĽ⴫ַأַĽⲻĴڣǴѧأ
ղʹĽ⣿
벻һ۾ͱ㿴ˣ
ڰǰѧĽ⣬׸һٶˣ˵ɣĽǴѧģ
˵ˣǲǿԲɱң
Ůҡҡͷ˵˵˵Ҷɱ㡣
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治⡭
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ˣһ϶һ£᲻һеȥһΪԼͬھֵã˵ԼѣַҲòСġ
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ͷȻɱַ㣬ȴ뺦˳ǵŮףַ˵ĻǼ֪˳ΣڵϦȴʵ֮ԲбҲʵ
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ֻ˵ԺԷһȴû˵ŮһĽϴô˵ǿɹƭʿ
ЦСʲô޳޵УڵԽԽϲ˵޳ܾˡ


589  ҿԸ޳
ַ㿴һۣһеʵŵȥ𣿡
ַĹľǳģǰʮӰӳǿв֣֮еַӲκҪƾһ˵ɱЩĺ
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Ȼǰһı˵û£ڷ˳Σ֮һҪɱ㣬һ취һ졭
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һսӰӳǿ˲أ֮ϵǳشӰӳǵġ
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ڣһ֧ʵӰӳǿɵСӣһСɽзŮַ㡣
Ůҵͷ԰׵ɫԼϵѪ߰߾ͿԿŮƼأҪɱӦò£
ַȻûʲôˣӰӳôǿߣȫǿɱַ㣬˵ӰӳǺԮڳ
ֻҪӰӳǿ߸ϹҪ˵ŮѾˣҲһ
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Ѿָ˹ȥȫʢʱڵֻҪԪŮַ㣬ӱɱ³
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ǵصʱ˾Ѫˮ硣
Ϊ˽ʡûնǵͷ­ǻ˵ĺ
ں֮Χ˸˾๾©Ѫˮӿ൹ѪУΣһš
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ղ˵ѾﵽİʮȻַһ㣬ȴһ֣ߣŮȫһ磬ʱᵹرģ
˴۾Ůһնɱǡ
ַҲ¶Ц⣬벻Ů֮ɱȻ˿ŮæԼѹܶࡣ
Լ˷˳ǣڷ˳밵ԼӰӳǵľսзӾԵá
һ˼뵥ŮȥԸԼĵˣַжٸеЩӦ˽Ůȴû취Ӱӳǿߵķɱ
һΣȫܷ飬֮˴ǿߡ
ַǿһҲӹΪµ޵
֪ǲڤڤ֮⣬Ůĵȫ۵ļƻ۲µķ˺һӡ
ƶļƻ޷죬Ľ룬ҲʼŸ޷Ԥϵķչ
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ԼȻ˵ԺһʱַҲ˵˵ѡ
ΪԼַܻ㲢ⱳ壬Ķۣ߳죬ַоκε
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ԼƭһλԼôæŮḷ́
ԺԼôǰŮĹϵַҲûףô˵ŮҪɱԴС
Ҫ˵ǰŮκҪɱԴС
ȻЩ벻ףַ㲻ȥ롣
ǸоһΪ˾ɱԼ˼ľģӰӳеǿ߶ɱԼȻŹʹա
ƾֱַǸо˿̵ѾָȫʢʱڵˣԼǰŮҲ˳ԼеǶ
һֵĻԼǰŮȻٳ⣬ҶˣҲûʲôüƽϵˡ
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˿Զ˳ǵĻҲȥ׷ɱӵԶŮȻˣǡĻɱˣǱԼġ
ӰӳǿѾ嵽ַǰ˵ַһ㣬ַ쾭սûȫָ
˵˵ַڲ֮䡣
ַеıâ䣬漴ӰӳǿѾַ
ӰӳǿߵؿͻȻѪܵѪǵѾ̴ַǱĵ˵ϡ
Զ۾ͻȻɴˣһᣬһ˼˵һһΣ뼸ʮӰӳǿֵ߽ʱʹ˽
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ַȻӣȴûʲôʦһʮ꣬һżеõһףģֻԼĥеϰ
һϹ͸һżеõ˽ףҪǿĽϹó֮ҲһлҪַв
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ս֮ҵĿУǿȳ˲Ѫ˿ȻղŵսѾصǣơ
ַһߴϢһʵɱ˼

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ǵĻԶԶģͣɧ㣬Ļ㲻ɱ˶ԷΪǣƶܸǡ
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ַõĿϪˮоϷŮоȻһԵ㣬Ůɵı飬ȻûϵԼڸ͵
ַҲȷţ֪ڸַӵһ˫ֿ۾˭˫۾˵Ļ滰
Ȼʱ˵ĵȷ滰
ȻҲ⣬ַ峺ˮĿУַ㣬οַ㻹巢һأ
죬ڸ̫оһֺʥʽΪַ㵨ٴҲҲ졣
ϧַƫƫһûκļһ
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Ҳо˵ǿҲİʮң֣½ϣƬ֮ɱǸˡ
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ҪȥԪʱ򣬺ŵҶͻȻˡ


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һ˿⣬ַ㣬˵ʲôҲܷŹ۵¶˷ŭı飬漴뿪Լס

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Щϲ¶ˣЩȴ´ˣϹڱסˣκַ㣬ϾûԤϵ
ߣҲ֮԰ģԼԪ׷ɱַġ
վһʶˣҲףϣ֮֮䣬ûʲôⲻĳޡ
񰵺ϣ֮֮Զ໥ɱΪʳΣ
°ϵϣ֮ǣеϣ֮˰磬ʱȻս
ֻҪʳϡȱϣ֮ϣ֮֮䣬֮밵֮֮䣬ҲٲΪԼĦս
ӰӳȫĹͬĵˣֻҪӰӳ˷˳ǣɱַ㣬ȫĵϣ֮ǣӱӰӳǿһ³
ϣ֮ȫˣݺʱİ֮鸽ӰӳǣҲֻбһ·

Ͻϣ֮ڣϲľǿ죬þòҲעŷ˳ǳս
գȥַ㡣
Ͻŷ˳̫Զ˳ǱӰӳ밵ҲδزϽһ˺ܶ˶ľе⡣
ɵĿ⣬ᶨ˵ұȥַ㣬ⲢΪҵѣΪҵֵܡΪֵܣҪѵʱ໥Ԯ֡

ַص˷˳ǣܵ˼˵һӭȻǲַ֪ڳ⾭ս죬ⰵĹȴͣͣȻһУַĵйء
˵Ϊַһǿ֣˳Ӱӳǿߣż˰Ĺơ
ȫǵ˶֪һΰ֮ڣҲΪǱӰӳ֧֣˵Ӱӳǰпơ
ʧȥӰӳǿߵ֧֣ͬ˼ǵƤҲβκ
ַسǵʱȫǷˣȫǵŮٷ׷ӿϽͷʻֿЦӭַĻع顣
ʱвͶ˳ǣЩ˻ǵһο˵еսˣǸһеĶַ
ĩǰӰѨƺҲ˿̵ַ㡣
ͻȻеЩʣô벻Զַ㣬Ȼڷ˳ܻӭ
ЩУַ·һһͼڣһڽ̡
Щ˶ַ㻶Ͷص񣬷·Ǿ٣ǰˣЩ˲˾
ҡҡͷ֮԰Уַǿ˾иҲв٣֮԰ƽǣȴԪһˡ
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Ϊǲ֪֡
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εҡҡͷϣַһŮûУַ̫㣬ŵŮԣҲûа취顣
һ˵˵λŮ֮԰ǿߣǸ½֮УδģǿɲҪ˵
С˵δʲôϵָ绹ƽЩҿҪᵶᰮˣ
̻Ͼ棬вˣҲڴ֮ͥ˵ַĲǡ
˵ЩĻŻ˵˵ǸŮʮ֮ڣƾһ֮նɱǿߣĻ˵Գֽѵ㣿
Ĵ۾ɵĸˣͷʱ䣬һ֮ǿ߽֣һЩ
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ĵ˵һŹַǸɫߣҿδޣÿγȥƯŮһҪݺʰ
ٵͷ˵⵹Ǹİ취ַĹأֵĺܣСİԼȥ
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Ұһ䷿䣬ҪϢһ£ӰӳǻǿߵĻʱ֪ͨң
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뿪ʱͻȻ˵Ҷ˵ĻֻҪһˣұɱ㣿
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ȻֻһˣȴȫǵľԼĹ裬׷ַȱ֮Σһǹ˵ʱϣ֮ǵľ˾ɲ졣
ԴһսΪַ֮˿ֲĴڡ
ͷ֮ϣĵַȣλҲǱַԵһѡ
һ˳ǣĹȫ˵ĵֿġ
ַĵһȽпϵۣһˣɵְַ˵ڲȱȴȱʤĶǿߡ
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ֻҪһ˳ͨʿٶ࣬Ҳ赲۵ĽŲ
෴˵Уǰ𵽸á
ǵĳˣϵĵ˳ǵ˴˸𺳣ڷ˳ǾУӰӳǿһ֮ѣǶһȺǱΪļһ
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Ļģַ˲࣬죬ȴеļַȼǿߡ
˵ַٸ绢Լгϣ죬̻бԼߵǿһصŮ
ϣƣˣҲһսʱ˰ɣ

ͬʱҲԪųһŵӰӳǿʬʱϲû¶κα˵ı顣
ʵϣЩȥǡ
۴ȥκͬ飬ЩԶֻĵʯںֻԼ
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ۺޱ¶һ˿֮ɫַ˱ıûУŮ˵ıµܼڱǣԪŮǿ̻СĪƷƣ򹴴Ǹϻ쵰ĸŮ
ڲϹŮ˵ĹУ˺ôʹԽԽǿΪȫ£벻С֮԰Ů˶ܹϡ֮԰СѾͷɱôˣǲ˿ĻС˵Ӧǿ֮԰ǰʮ
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һ˵˵Ĳһǲ޵СҲһû뵽˷ֹ֮԰ĶŮǿߣʹ۽
۵Ϸһ˿˵ַνƻǶǿ͹ԭⲢܳΪǰ²ĽڣȻǰ²ҾͲܷŹǡ
֮ĳͻȻɫ⻰гͷǵ˼۳ͷõֶΣǴ֡
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ڽһɫ֮Ͽͬʱһ˵ĸͻȻͬʱɳǧö롣
Щӽٶȣֱ۵ĺȥ
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λ֮ĳ϶Ϊ۳һ©۱ҪǵȻ۲ŹǣҲŹۣ˴ͬھ
ɰǧ֮֮ϵͬʱ𣬲ײ˴ԾԺ档
֮ĳ˵Ƕǿߣ֮Ҳǧ𾴵Ĵڣ͵Ķ˵
룬ﵽǿߣ˶ϣۣȴұ˼
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Ķǿߣǧֻ֮ҪǿߣǱ໥ӦԷĴڡ
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еĽ˿̸·ӵ߻صƣǿߣֻҪ˿̵ƣ᲻Խ֮ġ
ƣѾﵽ˽һȻһĵزһѽĽ⣬֮Уۻûм
Ȼ֮԰ϹҲ֣˫Ҳûзֳʤȴǰڽϵ裬Ҫ߳Ϲһ
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ǵüǰ֮һ٣Ҷ飬ʱһҹ֮䣬Ǹеʮնɱʱûг
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˵仰תĵԶ
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۳޵˲ԼۻعǰȥȥǷ˳ڵķ

һ˵ָ磬ÿһʱһŮˣѵ㲻һȫҲһϲ
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ߵĺҲԽӴַʱҽӴĬĿ⡣
ַһί˵ҵȻôˣߣʵѾʮˡ˭ûңҲŲò˵ҶѾ˶ٴˣװףҲôῴң
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˵ַһᵱ£̻ȴַ㿪ЦѵѾͷĶԼ˼
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ѾͷǰɷΪԲҪ˵ʱϸǹŮɬ飬֮еı顣
أôϲԼأ
ַҡҡͷ˵̻Ȼ㿴һ׼һο˵ˣ֮䣬һٶĸ飬ʶ˼졭˵˵ʱʼҪɱңֻңôϲأ
ҲһԴȤɱҲǿŴʵȴҪŮ˵ǺޣʱЩŮŷ֣޵Ǹˣˡһһ꣬Ҳ˵ʲô˭ָ˵һƽദȼ˸˻أ
ͬѧڲŷ֣ԭҲܺ޾ǰóǲǰ̫ˣĺ֢㣬޹𣿡
ٳ˼ҵȷû޹㣬Ժѧź㡣
ʼû˵ͻȻ˵Ҿٽ⻰˵ĺܺѽ޾ǰǺޣ仰˵ĺУ
ַ㿴ԼĸλҲ˵Ц˵СѾͷ֪ʲôѵ޹һ𣿡
ҵȻ޹ÿû˵ʱҶ֪ҪٴΣѵⶼ𣿡
ϸ磬ƽãҸʲô
ΪϣţҪ˵ʱҶ޲ýһɱˡ
ģ̻٣ֻЦַüͷ˵ѵҾгޣ
̻ЦŽӿ˵Ȼˣ㳤𣬲ôŮжӡȴò˱˵ķ֮ȴֹװɵ벻ǳ޶ѣӸղŵĻ˵ǽõ
̻Ц֮ʱ˫ΰ΢΢ģַǰһѣܰһ˫κ˸оҸɣ
ַҲѣ̻ǽӢۣҲַǳصһλ㣬Ȼϲ̻ϵĴزߣϣлһ׷
ֲ̻ǲ̻жԹޣ̻ǽᣬЦƵ˵˳
ԼҲǲʳ˼ĺУǰĪƷƣСͮӨãôԼȴܶ߸Ư̻޶أ
ʮ꣬ǰķ˵δ꣬Լһ𳤴ԼȻҲ⣬뵽ԼԼһ𳤴ӣܸоЩ̫Ȼ
ԼȻûѪԵϵһ𳤴ҲǽԼӣԼֲǸ̬ļһȻԼӶˡ
Լκ˶ϣѵΪԼ벻ͨͽһӲ
ԼҸʱ䣬Ůһˣڣͬߣϸĺӡ
ĩи檺ֻҪһĿģ˼ôʲô
ַߵŮݣӣ㣬ĳˣ򣬳ϣ¶Ľı
ַҲǿȴΪ⡣
һǳԲѱ˵˵ҲûôƯŮ˭ǳĲԼƯֲԼ˵
̲ס˵ַһŮ˺ޣ˺ޣҿں飿
ַһڵأղЩŮ˵ǺޣҲԼѵҲ뷨
ַиһëȻĸо
ַ˿̵ı飬и
СӲҪˣֻǿôŮȴһ˰ռˣ˸еޣŻԶռļһһռ¾ɫǲ㶼ѣ
ҲһԽӿڵֵ⻰˵˵ֲ˵Ļ
ַ㿴ΧŮ߲Ŀ⣬ֻֿĳϣ죬쳤̾ǰܸжΪǶҵģڲ֪Цģ

˳ڣץһսʿ˵ַң
սʿȻʶۣһɱսʿҲмֹҡҡͷ˵֪ô֪
һ˿ͻȻעսʿڣɿ˶Է
սʿһץסʱã۶Ҳֽš
ȴͻȻɿսʿһʱͻȻоԼͬ
սʿƤ漴ƣΪѪ꣬ʹսʿߵȾһѪˮ


596  ܲ˹Ů
Ͼˣ֪ôһ£սʿͻȻƣܱߵһѪˮ
սʿԲԶվһɫĮĹװˣֵ˾
һЩС˸Ͻ˸طǻһЩӴվ۵ĲԶ
۲ûЩƿڴˣҲƢãмЩͨˡ
󲢲ϵƣҲͨ˶
۵ͷսʿΪˣ˼ȻˣΧ۵˵˿ʼۡ
мСӣڴ˵֧£ϵ۵ϡ
ȻûжЩ˶ˣһˣѾ޷еϲŭ֣ĿѰֵֵĿꡣ
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һ·ĽһУ̲סָۡ
һǴﵽİ㣬ǿֵķ˳ǣҲǿ֮һ
ΪӵİǿߣȻᴦ֮ͨľס
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İĽǰû˿Ļ֮ǿߣĸ߲ǣȻҪ׼
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۲δ˵ǷʮУɣնȥɣ˫յЩķȫն䡣
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۵˵ͷͻȻݵ˽ɣǰһȭӳ
һȭòǺܿ죬ƫƫɣ޷ܹ漴ɣ˼֮⣬صʱ򣬽ϵĺͽ涼ҵ°׶
Ѫˮ磬ղһȭϵȫ߹ǡ
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̧ͷԽԽʿȥǧ֮ڵʿƬƬĵ˵ϣѪɡ
Ȼȫǵάַ㣬ôֲԸַ㣬ԶЩͨʿɱ䣬ŲԼڷ˳ɱѪɺӣַ㻹ʼղ
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ӭз紵ȹǷŮһ˫Բڳȹ֡
۲ַ㣬ĿȻҲ䵽ŮϣŮĴȣ͹زԼ۵Сϡ
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˵ɱַģΪԭ򣬲ַ㲢սµڣûзɱַ뷨ֻۻΪ˵Ϲ
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۵ͷ˵ɱҵôţһΣ㸶۵ʱˣ
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ѵΪҵĶ֣㲻Ҫ˵㣬ҲҵĶ֣СѾͷȻȴ˺üҲᲢۣ
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ۿһۣһ˵Ȼ㻹ԳԸ㣬ΪսپһǾһն㣿
˵⻰ͻȻһѽնȥûѧ˫սһֳֻֽն

ཻ֮ʱƳ˼ףԶ˫ϥأͬʱŵأǿסԼ塣
µĺϽ棬¶ϥһ顣
ɫ԰ףȻ˲СĿȻ̧ͷһǿĿۡ
۰пϧǰŮķ棬Ҫ˺ܶ࣬ƽʱȫһնŮ
ڣڵַˣʹۿۡ
һսʤˣʵ˫ܾˣһش۵˿Ҫᡣ
αװɹƭ˶ԷҲûпʲôΪԼˡ
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ַһ̣Ҳ޷ܵ顣
ΪˣҪɱַ㣬Ҳһɵ飬źԥ˷˳ǡ
ղһ˫ս۵սϿ˿ǱߺüȼǿߣŲںЩ
ˣҲΪԼն˻شŮ
ԷһˣŮȻܵúܳףȴûбն뽣£Ҳûˡ
аԾȣֲ˵Լѧ꣬ȴԷһң֮һǿߵ鴫
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۵ıûն£һȵѾײĽϣסһ̧ͷȥһͦεӰŮм䡣
ַ㣡
ԭԼһ
ٽ۵һַ֮ǿüȼǿߣ۴˿ˣҲ˿ֵܵ˵ġ
ҿַеıǷƷҪȻĻıᱻ޴ĳֱɷĩ߱һζεķϽ顣
ַеȻûбϣڽһ֮еıҲס˼ǧ׵İգ˰֮⡣
Ĵ󲿷ֲ˼̵ĺϽУֻһС֣ͣĻζ
ַ赲Լһ۵дһ˿ķŭԣˣŮŮһ
ҪնɱѾƣھŮ֮ʱȴַ˺£ܲŭ
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ַеıѾɣ˫ʧȥ֪ϵıȻܴݣ֣ܿ·ղ˿ûܴۡ
ַһÿ΢Ц˵ңþòۡڻָˣ


597  ֮
˵ַ㣬һֱΪһûֻߵŮ벻㻹е
ղŽһַоԼֱ۶ʧȥֱ֪ڻûлָ벻һ˿ֲ
ַ˫ʹҪȴһĲ΢Ц˵˳ҵļңҵļˣҾ֪Ķ֣Ҳҵļ԰ҪҵŮˡ
ַ˵ԼŮ˵ʱݺݵĵַһۡ
۱ԼַĹϵַȴ۵˵ЩĻԺԼƺҲϴ
۹Ȼͷ˵Ȼһصļǽһɣ
˿ַѾû˱ֻҪһȥն˶Է˿̵ַӦŵ¶ɫĲŶԡ
ϣĽ
ַȴûжģһսܵԾûУ˿ȻЦĳϵıȻ˲á
˿ףַһһ޿ɾҩֹߣԶԶԼѾ˾ȻһЦݡ
ѵҶϲģһ
ַƯϵĲЦݣӿһȭȥַƯ״ϡõĳ嶯
۶֮ȻַűŮ˻ƯӺÿûַеĴЦݡ
۶ƯϲЦݣ˵˼㣬Ĳϧһдۻ
Ȼﵽ㣬ЩķﶼҪǿɼʱ˲ٿ๦Լʵҵȴ̫ԶҲġ
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ȴû뵽ǰ˾ȻҲܵһ
ԼСԪЩĿӳ˵벻УǿߣнΪ벻һЯɣ
΢΢һ벻۾ȻԼڰϵַҲ֪ȴһۿˡ
ϵҲûзϣǵ˵ͷ
ԭܹһİֲԽһ
ְĿ⿴죬ѯʵҲﵽ㣬֪ܵ˭Я
ѵнĳɾͣһǵ˵Ян죬ȫҲϵˣսһսиǹС
ٴοһۣ޶Է˲Ҳ˵İ̵ʱڣ˽ΪҲѵõˡ
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漴̻һӸ¥Ծ£վַࡣ
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ڽɣַ㣬ϣ˲ǿߣֻϧһʼۣ˸˵³ûиⳡʵĴս
۵Ŀַ㣬ϣ죬̻ɨһּΪϧ˵벻ԪУȻôĺ֡
ϧǣʱ̫̣ÿֻмʱ䣬β򡭡ѧ͵һ㣬ʵʵݷʮ꣬˵̫ǿĻᣬڣȴȫҪҵϡ
𱦽ַ㣬ַһ˵ıɣѾǳֿȭǼΪһˣȻٶñ
Ҷ˵òñҲû̫
ͻȻһȭһľֱַȥַ޿ɱܣԱܿҲ޷ַܿôֻԼԼֵŮأ
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漴ַɳ˼ףصˤ˵ϣҵĿԼ䣬и³һѪ
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ս½ˡ
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˵仰֮ͬʱֱ̻ϡ
ꡣ
ֱ̻ͬʱϣ˰вϽ˵һߡ
̻ȻҲǿߣһֱûг֣ҵȫԸ
Ȼ󣬵̻ķ֮£ؿҲЩƣǰսʱƷǻڵѪͻȻУӿĿǻС
ǿѪѹԼĿǻǿû³ɫҲòҲ̶á
ܾûгֵͻȻӵϱ۴ֱ̻۵һ̣еıѾֱӴ۵ĺ󱳡
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۵ʣû˵£һУǰѱҲδܴ壬Ƥҡ
ڳⱻشղսֱ˴ʹķ½
Ҫǣս֮ʱƸҲ޷ѹƣ£ų룬һ̴۵塣
սľҪԶַ㣬죬ϵˣڽһ֮һֱƴʹͻϮЧ
ҵᣬشۡ
ڱۺ֮ʵ֪ûʸıˣ


598  岻
Ƿŭ
սԶԶǰЩԪ֮£ЩԪеġ
ַ֮԰һŮȻЩ˷ǰŮıȴĺ󱳴룬塣
ͻȻЦһֱ΢΢̧һСϣͬߵķһ㣬ɳ˼ףݺˤڵϡ
ԶȻгֽڵϣǸоԼСзһʹһѪˮĿ˳ʹúĺȹ졣
վϵĴһСѪˮ֮ͻȻֹסʱַˣַеı۵ؿڴ룬ٴδ͸۵塣
۵ͻȻüΪԹ
ղϣȻûŭվ֮԰ǿߣĴˣŮˣлǿܡ
ַ㲻ԪһȻҲش۸о˳衣
һȭַٴηɳؿڱȭͷеĵطһֲѪѪˮ治ӿ
ַϸ¶ʹı飬еԼܵش
۵ͷ˿ǰѪַȺǵûиˣزĴȻԶֹסѪˮ
۵ȻҲͨǿʹڵٶСȵλ
ַıȺʱ඼΢ƶУܹĹȻ˼صˣȻս
ۻַ㣬ʱַ㣬ǽڣȻһ΢ЦַϵıȻãѪˮȴ˳
ַ㣬ҿ컹˭ܹ㣿
ַ㿴˵Ӧû˻ˣҽϣҲûа׻һôŮˣôĺֵܣˣ򸴺󣿡
Ů̻߳죬ǵ϶ƽı飬·ǲȥȥС
жʻʢȻǿСȴûһλĵѣûһİŮˡ
´˿ӢޱȣЩ֮ĹŮģȻӵеȨλ
ΨһϲҶ磬޷׿׵Ĺһ
޷ܵǣҶַֻ㣬Դʶַ֮󣬱۵ĹϵԽԽ䵭֮ĸҲԵԽԽĮ
һУΪַĳ֡
۵ĿΧЩ˵һһɨĿַ˵ȻкܶŮֵɱ֮ɱֵŮˣɱ˷˳ǵˣʱ֪㵽˵֮ǷЦó
ַȻòƿĵЦˣ֪Ҷ᲻ģۣ̬ļһŻ֪Ѿҵˣ
˵˵Ҷӱ࣬˾۵ģ
ҵȷôأ
۵һӱˣȷҶʧַ㣬ַȴ̹˴¡
ַ㶼ҪˣȻûбҪѣѵһԼıַ뵰
ַȻҲϲҶǸеŮҶҲϲȴûзϵַ˿Ҳ⼤ŭۡ
Ȼڽƣȴĵûʹһʹĵƣͬھ
ַ˿̵Ƶȷᣬ˿۽̻ϣǰһһɱˣҲֻĿһз
ʹԼĵƣҲҪۺ޷ʱЧַۼԶ޷Էͬھ
취ŭۣʹˣɱ۶ֵʱͻȻʹԼĵƣͬھˣʱˣҲԻ
ۿҪģַϵЦݸӲã˵٪壬ռ˱˵壬ıȻһ٪壬粻ãҶ绨һŮҲῴ٪壿
ڲ٪壬ҲҪˣ
һ𳤴٪ӡѾԺô䣬ҲԶһ٪壬ɲŮòҪǣѾӵҲԶң̬ԺֻԼһˣԶ㣿
۴˿̸ӷŭȭͷҲ߬Ŀ죬Ӵȭͷмᡣ
۵ȭͷ̧һЦ˵ȻˣҾƭŮ˵ԺôջŮˣ
ַ㲢ûбŵ۴粽õĶӣͬʱҲ׼
磡
۵ȭͷӳʱԶͻȻһŮĺ
ַ֪ղ硯òҲֻһӣղŵ֮Ѿ˭˵
ǸŮǶ¾ŮҶ硣
Ҷ˵ַһֱܲõЦˣղΪ˼ŭۣϧܻҶ˵ѾռҶ塣
Ҳ֪ҶûԼղŵĻ
۵һҲǸ벻ʱҶȻˣɵðϧҶһ̣ҲѾɱַ㡣
Ҷ糤۽ëˮйģһʵҶӣôˣ
֪㲻Źִģ硭ǵôӦʲô𣿡
Ҷһ¶棬Ϊַ˵ʹиջѵַղŵĻģҪȻҶôάأ
˿ַԪеǿߣѾԼشֻҪԼɱǣӰӳǱԺܿġ
ȻԼѾô࣬һʵԼĿˣܷ
Ҷӣ˲ֵȥά㿴߾жŮˣҸ˵⼸С֮⣬߻иŮˣһɫߣֵάɱˣһ뿪
Ҷᶨҡҡͷ˵ִԱԣȻϲִ磬ȻҲֻǵһˣȴûȨֹŮȥϲִ磬ϲ㲻κ˺ĻԶɱˣ
Ҷڶǰвˡ
ÿһΣ۸еģʧŭ˿Զַ㣬ַ¶ֻģ۵ŭҲ޷ѹơ
ҶӣһֵȥάĺңҲҪɱףϣֻҲĶá
ͻȻһ첻֪ʱûǹǹᴩ۵壬һΨһܶͻȻͼ۵һǹΪء
شＸʮֵĻףһǹȥҲܱһѷ
ղַһȴûҪ۵вԼ۵أѵܲ
Ȼһۣڵֳǹ£Ȼ˿˼ξǱǹͬ˼̵ĺϽУһ㣬Ȼһ㶼ˡ
ϳ׼۵ؿڡ
Ⱥַ֣Ҳе룬еıǴ۵壬ն۵ľ
۵ǿֻҪնԴҲһַеıΪһ⣬նԼľ̲סһĲҽ
ǹϵ䵶һһңס۵壬ʹ޿ɱܣַıնľֻҪԴն䣬ᵱ
Ȼֻ֮֮ͨʹһΡ
һΣַ㿳ԴĻĻɢˡ
һֱɱˣ˿̣ȴеΣıƽڶ˽ӽ
һΣǣҲַϳ˴֮ɹһΣʧȥĻˣٵľ棬һλҪΣա
ִ磡
ԼĸپҶ̲סгһ
ַնıͻȻڿһͣҶҶǣϧԲУ۵Ͼһ˸ղֹɱ
ҶĸȻ̬ЩҶ絹ҶĸҲи飬ԼɱۣҶһᱯʹ
ξԼѵԼ
ַ㱦һͣʱ̣˫һչֱϣһץҶ磬ڼ֮䣬ʧ˷˳ǵĴϡ
˿̣֣ʤҲ˹Ƿڵϵϣ̻ƽᣬҲַǰ¶һĹ֮ɫ
֣ʤһ˵磬ҵ̫ȻæʸûУǰĩдôˣ
Ѿܲˣ֣֣ǲƽ·ţȻҪͨ˱̬Ķ̻࣬ǳٮٮߣԼ츳ŬнĳɾͣĳɾͣѾܲˣ̫𣿡
֣ʤһҲǣַ㣬ϣǿı̬ˣ亱Լΰǵı׼ҪԼѰˡ
̾һ˵ϧôˣջǽ۸ˣŻɽ󻼣
Ĺĵ˵ָ磬ŮһɤӣָʱסˣŻˣ
ַ㲻˵ɲ˵ģղ۴ˣֻҪһȭԽҴڴ֮󣬻֮䣬ܽȫɱˡղųܴۣ֮Ϊ絽֮󣬸ǻָʱ𣬽˵ˣôܹأ
һҲǣǵ۲̫ԶҶͻȻʹǵõ˻ָʱ䣬ԼۼҶ֮ЩʧصĻشۡ
ȻˣȴǻǸøмҶġ
̻ΪַΧҿһ˼أʱ֮ԪˣһΣԪӦÿ̫ƽܳһʱ䣬ʱڣǿԽӰӳڻĵ𣿡
̻Ϊ˵ȻҪ̻˵̻۹⡭˳֮ǰ˼صˣһֵǹֵ䵶ش۵ȻǿվӣվⳡսвشĵһսأڵľҲٵ˴룬ûʱ䣬븴ԭ
˳ĬղǵڶˣôصˣˣȴȻܻ˵ʸжôǿ᣿
ʵָ磬ô֪˳֮ǰѾأ
ǣ۳֣ʱ۱ǿ˺ܶ࣬ҲŶ϶֮ǰˡ
˭˵أ
ַ㿴һ˵˭û˱ˣ
һԼĳȹȷԼĳȹϣûһȹߡ󣬲ſ˵ƾһ֮ش۵ˣ̫ҲûмˣԪе˾͸ˣش۵һɣҲˣ˳֮ǰйһս
ַӿڵ벻Ҳţʵһսܾˣ˵Լʤ
ղŵһսµ˵ش˵Ȼ޷ɱλŮͻȻĻǽȫѾˡ
˵۲Ԫա
ַЦģҺܿͻȥ֮ɱ
˽ַ㣬һЦ˵ҿȥ۵Ӳİɣ
ͬѧͬһûбҪҵ˰̰ɣ
ͻȻ뵽һ飬Сǵǵ˵˵ҳǵӨãƫƫָǽùϵУԺ᲻ָ鷳أ
һҲַ㵣
۲ǿߣȻһսˣأҲ۸أպַ鷳Ļ湻ַһġ
ַ㵹鷳ȴǰﻹԺ
ԼֻҪһ˱ҪɱԼѾˣҲûǿߣӦúܿͻ˱
ѾͷΪۣ᲻ỹҪԼԼɱԼأ


599  ôƯ
ƫƫʲôʲôַֻ㿴һۣǡĿҲַ㣬ַͷŤһߣһĸ
ڣΪʱַߣѹ˵絽ҵסһˣǵҲýˡ
˵⻰ֶַȻһЦһЦܺÿԶ϶ôˡ
֣̾㿴ַѾͷĽչ飬ôͷˣ
ͷ˵ǰͺĽֵַ޸ǸĽˡ
ǵǣҿ˾ͻĽַ㣿
ɫͻȻúѿֱȻˣǶƤˣֻҪ˵ҩ༸Ĺ
ɫ֮ԱѿΪǰµǾ仰
۸ߣŮ㹫ַ㷢룬ַȥʱ仹磬֮ѽô᲻أ
вɵԼַԼвһһʱ䣬ַ͸ȢԼˣȴĴմǲݣԼǿˣĪΪԼûƢ
޺޵˵㣬㣬Ǹղſ˰ɣָڿ˵ǸŮװףڵãǸŮ˹ַ㷢ˣ
üȻû˵ϵıȴôġ
̻Ƚ˵˱ãڵǿĸַҲ沨ˣ˵Ůֻȫˣ
ҲǣЩУŮΪǿ󣬽ŮĻЩˣֻûһ˿۵Ĺл
һΣҲվַһ˵ַһʹмƣֶȻЩ̫ãҲΪȫǼ룬
ϾСȻ̻ٵ˶ΪԼ壬¶ȻıΪҲûа취İ취
ȴȻ뻳޺޵˵һЩĪĻֱַָ㡣
֣ʤҲȰ˵СãĲˣִ粻ʲô취Ůƭ˳ΪĶǷ˳˵İΣλŮֵĻǶҪȫǵֻҲһ⣬ôΪԼһˣȫǵ벻أ
֣ʤһ򲻰˵Ҳٹһˣ̫ǿˣǽ컪ǿ߾ۼһãټŮĻһǡ
֣ʤֶַ˵磬ϣ֧㡣
ַᣬԼװףԼ䵽һˣκԼһǣһɣҲ˵塣
Լûأôˣ
ַε˵Ƕ˵ʲô֮ʲô¶ûС
ҲЦЦ˵ַ֣˲꣬ǻĵһǿߣмŮʲôȻֺαطأ˵ˣҵ۾ѩġ
һʼ۽Ůһڵصʱǵһܳģֶ˵ҪԼŮˣѵ㵱ǶϹӣ֮𣿡
ҲӿڵֶַŮȷ壬ŮҲֱַ㷢룬Ѿͷˣֶ˳ǵжɲܶ˼ʼ
ַ޺˵ϣ죬ʲôʱҲ˰ˣ֣صĶ˵ǸŮʲôϵҲûУ֮װף𣿡
ͬʱ˵ǲš
̻Ҳһ˵飬޷š
ַĿ⿴һ𳤴ģӦ˽ԼʲôˣȵĿ⿴ϣΪԼ˵仰
ַһۣ΢΢˵ͷȻַΧ飬ʵ˶֪ôһ£ƫƫϸֲҳϣ֮ԲҳϣҲǵ֪֮᲻ġ
˵ʵϸسǱһŮҲоܣٽ㣬̻һ˼ҲΪ˴ҵϸȷǾˣǸӦǡϸ磬㲻ģ̹˴£Ҳ˵ʲô
֣ʤ׷׵ͷѾͷȻ̻ȴΪǸŮ
ַоô˵ʲôҲ˵ˣʧĶ˵治ûʲô
΢΢һü˵ϸ磬ٷϣбƲΪˣ֮԰ǿߣ˳ûһϵΪ㣬ô˳أ˵⻰Ļлܲ˵ģ
ַε˵ðɣֻʵʵ˵ˣʵɱҵģղȥķҲΪɱҡ
Щõ˵ַ֣ЦҲ˵ģǶóǿܶ࣬ҪɱĻڳɱˣҪ˵ѣҲܶ˵©ٳĽڰɣȻɱ㣬ΪʲôһسǣڸղһսУΪȫǵ˲һ㶪
һˡ
ѽַ֣֪һֱڶǽ£Ĺ¶Բ˵ˣͲҪٺŪˡ
ַ޼ƿʩȥ־øأǸСѾͷǸۣҪɱԼֻ˭Ҳֹɱģ
ƫƫûԼĻַҡҡͷԼˣͻȻһ˵޳ܡ
ַиŭһʱ䣬ԼӰӳǿɱСѾͷ𣬻һϣԼǲһ㱻ɱ
ԼһУΪ˷˳ԼߵûԼҲˣѾͷ˵Լ
ԼҲõȵʮ꣬һ㽫ˣСѾͷԼ۷֮󣬱ԺģҲҲʵ
ַ㻹ûԶ˵ĻַĲ壬κڷŭҲǱס
ڶ峿ƻϺõĲˣַȴϣнһʱ䡣
ûַ㰲ŸסŲ˷˳ǵĴϡ
֮ԽַΪкܶûףԼһʱ䣬Ա˼Լһô
ԼֻҪɱַ㣬뿪˳ˡ
ܴۣܳһʱ䣬֮԰Աٴսۣ֮ϹԼֱӳֶԸַ㡣
ֻҪԼɱַ㣬ӦûмԼ˵ûԼƾԲһֱɱַͷܼᶨ
Уûκ˱Ҫˡ
ֻҪϲ飬ƴԼҪҪȥɣŴ֮԰Ԫ׷ɱַ㡣
ڷ˳⣬ǲһ㶪
ļ˳ŮױӰӳǵɱĵַĪһ
ڼʱУַҲ˽⡣
һʼַӡһΪ˻伫ˣַ㲢սΪַһòֱżҲԭ򣬵Щˡ
սʱַַһΪԼ˵İΣԲһеˣ¶ǿַۣȻ
֮ŮȻʶȴоŮ˽ַ㣬Թ޻ڵάϧԼĸ練Ŀ
Ů֮Իάַ㣬ȻΪֵַȥά֪䣬ҲַһĪĺøС
ֺøУһǰһʱео
뵽ԼֻҪһȥ˱᳹״ʧͻȻһ˿ֻţһ˿ᣬҪһʱס
ڽһսȻڷ˳ǴŹʣ飬ֻз˳ĸ߲֪Ϊ˲ʹֻӣ̻ǽһսƵȫˡ
쾪춯صһսҲֻоĸ߼ǲôһ£Ҳַ˳ǷϢ죬ȫΪսַ㱻۴úܲҡ
ĵһǿ߳ϣ̨ͨϵĵһսǿߣϷҲܵúܲң̻Ǵֱۡ
Ƶȥ˳ǹߵ棬ڷ˳ǣȫĵϣֻ֮š
ۻûϢһȥӡ
ɱô죬ϣ֮ǵľ룬պϰĹϣ֮ǽս
˳ľΨһ֪һǣӰӳɳǿ͵Ϯ˳ǡ
˳ĸ߲㣬뻪սַ㣬аĵһǿ߳ϣԼϽϣ֮ǵĳϳ֣׷Ӱӳǿߵı
췢ҪõŮûἰ֪ĴڣҲνҲǰĽٵˣҲϣԪУ¹ԼĴ˵
ڴϵʱ򣬲ûϳΨһͬǣһװģ˲˵עĿۡ
ĩһ󿪷ţҵ
Ƥսµʹãܶǿսʿʼģ¹ŴĽԼ˾µĺϽס
Щ״ϣԶԶȥص۱ٸĽͻȻһ㡣
һװȹϣȻЩ࣬ҲûУڴ֮ʱҲûΧ˵Ŀֻš
һ·ϣ֪ԼҪɱַһˡ
ʵҲÿֻҪڽһߣܶδ󺺣˺ӣһЩֵʿǣ˵ַȥĹ¡
ַ֪ĩô飬ǻңܰĵһνŰɱۡ
ַڻĸأ֣Ӫˮе࣬ţ¶һ˿΢Цԭַ㻹һˣ
ڿ˵ΪԼȥʲôóʵãȴǼ֮٣ʱЩ֮ˡ
֮԰ǣ̵Ǹ½ˣκ飬ҪΪ˾˿ԻĸΪǰᡣ
֮԰ˣκ£ΪԼ˽ɱ޹
ĩַ㣬Ȼһֱͣɱˣɱ¾ֹ˻ľڸģɱ¾˵ַǸʲôԭˣʵϣǸ
ͻȻַ֣Ϊ֮԰ߵĽ̵ѵϹάˣΪ
ԼѾָҪɱˣȻʲô£ˣµƬ½᲻ָĿֻɱ¾أ
ԼˣӮİǲֺ޹أΪַʹУԼ񲻳һеĻ
ɱַ㣬ֻΪַɱῼɱַ֮ĺɱַ㣬Ҫֻɱַ֮ļȵ棬Ҳ롣
һŮԼڷ˳ʱԽԽãС
Ϊԥ
ߣͻȻֵֿһ¥˸ָƯ·ͨĲܶƯȹ
۾ͻȻúڼٵƯŮʱͷЩŮϴĶȹƯ¡
֮£ĳȹԵúӷףȻȹĿУżҲ¶˫Բȡ
ԪеЩŮ¶ؿڻʵȵļԼȹȣԵԼĴ缫Ϊ
ŮģȻҲ⡣
ȻһˣȴڱǰչʾԼƯԴɽϴ֮ͷҲȥ߸𣬶ƮԺ
һʼܲӦоԼһ
ģȴоˬһӵƯ·ͻȻֽЩƯĶȹϵ뷨
ԼƯ٣ŮԼĵضȹװһʲôģأ
뷨֮Ҳѹеĳ嶯
Ȼ߽Ůװ꣬һŮװ꣬ƯŮԱ˹Ĵк
ְҵĹϵɣŮԱԼĶȹװϰԺɫװ
źɫ˿࣬ճͣŮԱ⸱磬ԵƯָ
ɵа̾ԪȻȴܻᴩЩƯ·֮԰˼꣬Ҳûдһ
ûŮܹܾŨλõջǿҲܣһƯȹġ
һŮԱкԣԴ˷ܵĵ˵ͷڸУѵϺʵĳȹһ۰ɫضȹװ
Уߣ¶һ˫ȣǰ˫΢¶ƯٻӰŮԱĵĳ
ʱһŮװȻ¡ȹŮҲﲻȴûһŮڴ·֮ԵƯ
ŮԱϵĳһΪڴ۰ȹ֮󣬵ȷƯһְҵҪ
ΪװĵԱĿˣװ֮ѿӷףҲ޶ԷǰλȷݰɫȹƯŮԱĳһ㡣
漴˵ȹļ۸
ͻȻˣ֮԰УҲ֪ҵҪԣԪʱȴеεǣûԪʹõĻҡ
ɫˣŮԱҲеЩԾһ˸ţƯŮôûǮ·أ
һŮǺбˣûκαƯֻҪԸ⣬ͻŸ·
ſڴһܰ˵·λˣ۶ټҶˡ


600  Ƿһӵ
ַ㣡
̧ͷһżƯϸǹżΪõЦݡ
ٴֺܰĸо漴̾һΪʲôԼоȻһĿأ
ԴӳסоһֱƲ֡
ڤڤУ·ڵһˣڴʱŮϲƯȹӵʱȻһֵʧС
žһ׵ȹžŮϾһõĸо
Ǹ崿ŮôԭԼҲƯ
ȻЩģһ̣˷ԼȴƫƫûԼһ𣬷еϲˡ
ʧ䣬ģڵȴ˵һֱڵȴ
ַʱװſڵʱףԭһֱڵĵһʱ䣬ʵַʱ䡣
ַڵʱӿظĸоиһǻ˺ܾöû˾ϵľ۾ͻȻ
ǰŮһ˫۾׵ȹʹô˿̵˴˵еʹַ㿴ŶԷһܰ˵еƯ·ֻҪϲҶ͸㣿
һѹסеĸжַЦ˵㲻ңԼʱ䣬Ȼɱ㣿
㣬ɱң㣬ҲɱңȻΪʲô֮ǰһӡأ˵Լʱ仹أڴ֮ǰǲȥһߣתһתҲΪҸУ
ַ㣬Цһ㶼Ц
ֻҪ㿪Ĳˣ
ַŮԱ˷ܵСͨ죬벻˵еĻĵһ˧磬Ϣĳǵķװ
˵ַͷ̫Ĺ⻷绪սߣڰУĻŮ˵ǸԸƺַΪĵһ˧硣
ȻǰҲƵжοַ㣬˿ַͻȻվǰǸǿҵ𺳡
ַĳ֣˷ܵĲԼǰƯŮ˭ŮԱȻʶŮȻַѣһҲǴˡ
һֱЩͷβСŮǶϲΡ
μһ죬ĵһ˧ǵǰĿ⿴ϥ򵹣ϵ飬ŵһһߺС֣ԼǿһַС
ÿŮӣֱ׷ΣҸһ
˿ַ̼㣬ǲ֪ԼԶ룬Զʵ
ȻҲмɫŮǰĺȱݣͬʹ˼ƯŮȣԲλࡣ
аޣҲֻǰŮַĽˡ
Ů˵˼Ϊ˼Ļ˵Ҫɱַ㣬ŮԱ漴Цˣ֮£ûܹɱַ㡣
ĩУһʱǿߣַϡ
ǰдɬִεεŮôбɱĵսַأ
ΪԼ̻ľǿ𣬾̻ľŮǿߣҲδɱַ㡣
ŮǿԼԷࡣ
ŮԱûнŮĻ棬ֻ໥ĵһЦΪ֮ЦǼ֮İš
Ů˵Ҫɱַ㣬Ҳ˵û˿ɱڵĸоȷǵжϡ
ŮԱ֪ǣǰεΣŮǱ̻ǿܶ౶Ĵڣɱַ
˵ЩŮҲš
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ҲеЩԣϸĿ˿Լ£ûзԼʲôֵַĶ
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ɴֻڻϵʱŻᴩһ£ŮһֻһĻᣬҲԶеڶʱ̡
ŻɴѩŮķ羰ȴκʱӵеģϾҪء
Ůַ΢΢һ˵սˣλԼҪġ
ʵѵҲôȹ𣬷Һϲ
ģŮһ㶼Լİˣ߽»õʱ򣬲ŻᴩɴÿŮһֻһĻᡭ
ҾȹӺܺÿҲϲ˭˵Ůֻ»ʱܴ·
ַͷ⻰˵ĵҲͲˣʲô·ֻƾԼϲþˡ
ĩ˭ĩ֮ǰһ׵أ
⵹ǣֻҪϲ·㴩˻ɴ֮⣬ﻹкܶƯ·ġ˵㽫·ȫҶ񵥵ģ㾡ѡɣ
ˣɴͺܺá
ҾôƯ·Ҹ˵ĵгУûһŮǵƯ·з˳ࣿ
⵹ַ㴵꣬ڳһʵ
ַͬѧŮİʹ˳ʢ˥ڻУΪڷ˳ǣ϶ƯŮ
˳һĳУһŮĳУڻطĵУԷʳΪ
ڷ˳ǣŮĶԸ㣬ŵ³ķװ꼫ࡣ
ڷ˳ǵĴϣ˺ϽϽ¥Ⱥʾĩ֮⣬طĩǰغС
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ԼŮװҲ޴ۣ۽Щ·͸٣ŮǶֵƨƨߵġ
˴ϣַ㽫һ࣬΢ıһģԼʵĿֵĻ˼ߺսˣʲô֣
˵ˣ֪ʿ̻˹ϵУԼһҲûʲôŮһ֣˵ûֳʲôš
ַȻںô˵ԼȥǸСѾͷ˵ֻԼ
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ҪԼʱˣȥɣ
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ղŵķװϣҶȹֵһ磬Ϊʲôʼҵ㣬ǽ磿
ַشΪһʯͷҲǣҲΪս߶һУڽ۷Ů֮ѡһĻһѡԼϲŮһ𡣡
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뿪ַļͷַ㿴ټͷʱ򣬲ŷԼļͷѾˮˣ֪ˮΪԼΪ
תȥַעӰ˵ûоҵ㵹ҵļͷǷһӵ´μʱ򣬼ǵһҪң
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ҶĻҶǺΣգ


601  
Ҫȥ֮ɱۡ
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ǰȫĵĶǿ֣֮԰ǰʮŮֳ˵ĻᣬǿǸħ
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ǿߣ֮ȴţë
֮УߵȼԪռǿô죬Ȼ˼أַǿ˲һ㡣
ձ˭ָ˵˵ɱַأ
ǰһս˳ǿߣȫˣǵ˶Ѿˣ˭֪۵ǲѾأ
ֻҪۻָһСֵʵַҲɡ
֣ʤüͷ˵гħ˼ȻܺãΪһŮˣƲ벻ˣЩôˣ
һԳҿɱǼ٣ȥ˲棿
̻ٵ˳±Ƚϳɣûж·Աߵ˴ǽ˫üȻԿǲַ֧ȥ֮
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ĻᣬֻҪǴλᣬٴԪʱ򣬾ûܹƵסˡ
˶ĬҲַ֪˵Ķʵ飬˵ȷֲ̫ˣɱ
һΣ˳֮ǰƴ˸ܾˣ֮ŮǵĻ˳ˣ֮ء
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ڸĸĲǰԼӦĸҪչһӣȻҪչһӣȻҪˡ
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ܵůƣ岻ɵһϵıԵЩ⣬Щ˷ܡ
ַ㽫ַ䣬Ϊǣһ£ֻ֮ŻǵĶ
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ΣͷΪ˻ȥȫͨ붼벻İ취ǰ˷˳ǣܶ˵һЩ¡
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һȴһСδ̻Ө࣬ĪƷͮ
ȻǣҶ磬ȴΪҶһ˶ԼַĽƻԼΪѧľֻҪеǰ취

֮УעҶܾãȴû˵һ仰
˵ĿУҶɫò԰۱ԽԽİ
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˵ͻȻ˷˳ǣҲᱻ㼤ŭᱻЩԪСϼ˱ˡ
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Ҷ߰ͷ˵㲻˵ʱ򣬸׶Ҫ¹ҵĺüλ㣬ˣܴǣȻܴңҲΪԼʲôΪĻһƴҺˣ
ҡҡͷ˵㲻ЩᲢۣȻҲǵֵܽãȴûƹңֻ֪Ц⣬ҡȴͬһĸЩεңҶ޶ԣһΣҺʧǰ̫ˣŽ޷졭
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ҶԵüΪʹ࣬һİƻĻʹ࣬ǰƻģصĸ硣
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵ִԶһʱգ֪֮飬˵ûʲô
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Ҷһ뵽Ԫһ仰ĹʱǾ仰͵˸߹ġ
ʱֻǾ仰ǰ仰Ҷ粻ʧеô㣿


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µǰ˭ԭ֮Լݣ
Ҷӿ˻ĵ΢Ц˵ҪҪ̸֪㻹м£Ȼȥɣһȥģټ
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ǰ˧ʱеŭʱɣǰθ磬Ԫˣ֮Ҳˡ
ҶߣвɵôҶɫѣһ˺ÿƯ˧磬Ҷ粻ܸԼʶԼߡ
Ůղַ㣬Ҳиоû˱лʦַȻҲһ
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ϲ˵ʲôȴ̲סѾͷ䵽ԼԼһҪǹݣǲǻ
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£ȴƫƫᣬﲻɵðԼλѲ˽֮顣
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ձ´˿ˣȻһǵġ
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ַǿҲ֮ǿ࿹⣬ԴӸ˻֮һЩгԹҲԾԾԣͼŻ
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Ҷźַ㵣ģ֮ɳǿ߽ԪｨӰӳǡ
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ַ˵Ȼ棬ݣǼ棬ҲӦϲԺҪִˣñ뵽ʲô
ţԺôƺִ磬ôƺأ
ǰùһļ֣ͽɣ
ַҶסҶһϲľסҶҵլ⵹ַṩ˲ٷ㡣
ַ㣬ģȻ˧ƯǰΪͬҶ絹Ҳαװ
Ǽ򵥵ݶѣҲǶิӵ飬޷ǣַȴϵϢʹӱϿ֮˲ûʲô
ϸÿ̫͵ˣ϶ԼϢֻ֮Ҫ㿴һۣͿԷǲԼˣǷ֮
Ӱӳǿ߼֮ҲƾϵϢжϳ֮԰ǿߣַ㣬Ҳжϳ̫ǿϵĲͬϢ
ڣҶȴֲַ֮ǿߵַϣҲҲһ˿Ԫ˲еϢ
Ҳַ֮һλҹӣŶַкøС
Ҷ֮ԸǵַӴˣַϿ
֮ʮȺ壬ַ㼫кøУַ֪ԪĻҲһ
ڸ̫͵ϵϢͬʹܹ˴ϳԷĳ
ַףҪıϵϢȴַ֪ôأ
ַ㿴ҶĵģƽһЦ˵㲻õģҼȻ֮򣬾а취ԼݣֻҪҲ뱻֪ҵݣǾԶ²˭
ַ֮Ը֮Ҫԭ֮һܹıԼϢʹԼ֮ӵͬϢ
һĩڣַ̹Ŵ½̹Ŵ½Ȼֱ֮ӴֱǸ½ˣȻƲԪˡ
һЩǧȥ̹Ŵ½ҲǸ½ѧκõĶһżȻĻᣬȴѧһϢİ취
Ȼû֮򣬵ȴ֮ǿ߽֣Ϊ˽֮ǿߵϢ
ƾŶ֮˽⣬ſڸԼϵʵϢʹҶ綼޷Ͽκ
ո̫͵йɣ߼ռǿȥͼռףͼռǿȥߵȼԪռȴѡ
ԪǸ̫ռ䣬ûԸߵȼԪռǿߵİַ޷Ԫռ䡣
һ̹Ŵ½Ҳ̹Ŵ½ǣǲս룬һΣַȴƾԼ֮
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һʼַֻΪսǱһͨżΨһżͬıżܴСѪȴżƺΪ
ٺҲսǱƺΪһַ㣬Ҳ˵Ĵ˵˵ʷǰ࣬ǧǻ۴ƼǱ
̫ͼӵеҲᳬƽһԪռ䣬һһ
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ҪȻսǱҲԼԪϣ֮ˣֱĩ٣άƻսǱԪϡ
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Ҷ籾һʲô·ԵúܺÿµŮֲ׸綼뷨
߱ҲͨŮ߷֮ڣֻҶȣԵð˲١
ȻûҶģ˵ĸоȴʮַ飬Ƕ˵˫ִͦСƨҲǸ߸𣬷ˡ
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ϴ̵ʲôַ㿴˰ȴûп岼һֻ޲޵Ĺֶ֪Ǻηޣ
ַ㿴˺һڿף˵ӵ幦ȻһֻѼӣ
˵ԧ졣


603  ԧ
꣬ԧѽ
ôѿԧ죬Լ岼ϵֻѼѼ޲޵ĹϳѼӣѾѼӵģˡ
СѾͷȻ˵ԧ졣
ˮԧ֪Լ⸱ªģĻ˵ᱻóˮҲ
ַֿвҲ̶õĴһۣ岼һţԽԽң˵ַ㣬Ҳֲ澿ʲô
һѣַ֪岼һԧ죬һʼȴΪһֻѼأ
ֻѼҲе֣һѼһͷȣѼȴͷȣף岼ֻԧ졣
ַвһЦȴһһģ˵ԭһԧ죬˵ôƯѼӣԭԧѽ
Ҳ֪֮˼˵Բǰûѧ幦Žԧ󣿡
˭˵ֻѼӳˡ˭˵ԧˣ㿴«έεĶ࿪ѽ
ߺ˵磬ǲ«έǺɻ
ַ˵ĳ嶯߰ȫһֱߣԼΪ«έأԭѾͷǺɻ
ɻ˼ɻĿȫǳˣԼǵһμ
ŮҶѣַҲԸָԷʱԷԼҲԵûȤϽٴθĿ˵ţĺɻƯѽ
һûɻֻһЩҶ
ǺҶͶˣҪ˵幦أֻһѺҶһֺɻʢĸо˵幦ȷǸߣ
ﱾеַ֪֮һƣʱЩҲˣоԼ⸱ԧϷˮȻѵõļ
ǰû˵ãǲַͣˣ֪
ĵ˵粻˵һ֪Լ幦ã
˵ˣ˵˵幦ã幦źõģ幦ͺܺá
ۡ
Ҷ籾ںȲˮַ㽫Ｘ仰٩ˣĻ٩ɵˣһ߰ĺӣҲԿ幦ȷôġ
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⸱ԧ죬Ȼһĵ⣬·ķ羰ҲûƵġ
ҶҲ޷ݣһڲˮ˳ȥе岼ֱʪˡ
ûͷϵļƬҶһʹĿеѼϷˮͼüΪ˸еĿ˵Ҷӽ㣬Ȳôע⣬ԧϷˮͼŪʪˣ
Ҷ˺ôľûнĲˮȫ³⸱ͼԧϷˮֻѿѼҲԧҪÿĶɣ
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תͷ˵幦ȷôԺҪŬ
ҶĻȻǷģ˿ѾַƵʧȥжǿ˵ͷȴŲΪȻı顣
Ҷεҡҡͷַ㳤̫Ư̫𣬼֮δűСƭ÷ֲ
ַҲǵģ֪СѾͷʲô
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ҲɻǰƯ˭ĸģûн飬˵ûжףĵġ
˸ַ˵磬ˣǰôûҶӽ˵㣿
ҶǹۣҶԪַһ£Ҷ綼ûǰˣȴûҶ˵
ַڼҶ֮ǰӦ֮ߣԼαһݣ˵ԼһȽƫƧطͨˣ˵Ǹط֡
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֮ȻһͳһĴ½䣬ȴǿƬ½ϣȽǿĵطѡ
ʵϣ鲼֮ĸǸΪԪĶȣҲû̫
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벻ǣһƫԶطͨˣôύ˴֮½λõҶأ
ύҶ磬ΪʲôԼһ㶼֪أ
ʵҶӽ㾿ʲôϵҿӦòǵһμˣ
Ҷÿü΢΢һչ˵ѣ˲֪ôǰһС
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ηѣаҶ粻˼ʶһ˳ɫкȴԼɫѡ
ַ㶣Ҷ磬ҶӸԼģвȻˡ
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һʮҫҶ飬۱һҹ֮䣬֮ӵо޴ӰǸеˣȫնɱ
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ַ˵ҶѣжʱԵЩʧ䣬ȴܿ콫Լ˹ԼĽһùޣԼҶ˲Ŷԣ
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ĳޣַ㳯ҶЦЦ˼˵ԼаɣҪȻôôõĹ۵Ͽأ
Ҷַһۣ
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Ҷ翴һַֹ̿㣬ҲЩ֪˵ʲôãַＸƨ벻ӮģǵһƲ˵СѾͷǰַߵۡ
֮ԸӡеַĲȴǰߣҲΪ֪ǰԪַ㣬ʵͬһˣ
ַĿ˵ӣһæ
ղַֻǽӣʱСĸˣͷ˵ֱ˵ֻҪģ޲հ죿
˵仰ʱϵıҲȷǷģַа룬Լ˿ҪϴĻһ˵ͬԼ顣
СѾͷַģֶԼ壬ַȻϴ
ǶȺԼû㶨Ҷ磬ȻߵĹۡ
պԼõҶǸ֮ٽСѾͷƭʱһ˫񣬲ˬأ
ַ˳ƯģֿɰһĹάᵽһΣӽĹϵȥ֪ԽԽá
Ҷͬʱ
ַͷЩ꣬κһҶзǷ֮˶ˣټǣ塣
ѵַΪʲô
ַðοĿ⿴Ҷһֶۣ˵ӲؾȣҾһʱ嶯˵ģ۹ƻ飬ֲ˵飬ѣȻά
Ǻ˵ǣǡ
ĻȻû˵ףеĺȴǵַİΣ
֮һǿߣȻͷʱȥԪܶ鲢ˣ۵ȴء
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ǰ˿Ůһ޸֮ģֻһƣܽĳ࣬ôۣ
ɵĿ⣬ַû˵֪ʱ˵һ仰ҲһжЧ
ַڵʼᣬΪһķУһð׸ߵĲնȥ
Ժ漴һ죬ǿ֣ϱһǿ§סĴ㵹һΧǽֱ
Ҷ໥Ķһۡ
ҶѾﵽ㣬֮Ҳ൱ǿˣҪűȥնǿĻûмСʱʱ䣬նǿ
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Ȼַ֪ʵݣȴ֪֮Уֻһ˿ԷĪķС
ַֻ֮һ֪Сطͨˣƽû˵벻ȴͨۼΪƵķС
ַղǵеȻǿȣȴҲԶˣˣ˵ôʱַ㣬һʱ
ҶҲһϴηֱʱȣֱַȵǿࡣ
ַ㲻Ԫ˶̶̼ʱ䣬ΪʲôͿأԼÿμԼһЩϲ
һΣѵľ߱һսʵ

ʲôҶѣϻĺɫ֮ͽȻ˸ҴҶ⣿
֮һϽõϢʵ
֮˵ҶǳùƯҶԻͷǿأ˭ȥժǶ޵Ļ䣬жΣա
һıʿģ˵ӦģҶͬãϢǴĸģԲǿѨ硣
ϽԼĺ˵ԴһΣ˾ͽҶ飬֮֮УҲûеڶ˸ҶҶ뷨ˣ벻ȴͻȻðһ˳ɫͷһѵѽ
Ѿ֮˹Ϣ¸µԲ֮ҹӭȢӹţ벻ʱ˸վԣԳҶŮѣҪ۵
۵ûϵҪʵѧ֮ĵһǿߣͷʱȻԪ˴ôܣһ㶪ȻһȻĶ֣ѵᲢ𣿡
Ͻ֪һնһڼǧĹǿǿȣ֮ϵǿߣ׶նϣ˵˻ûʹȫ
Ϣ֮Ͻһ漴ͷ˵벻֮лӰ˺֣˹ȻǿĻ˵Ŀһս
ıʿģҲ˵ҲΪģжƣ˷˽ֲ֪꣬ҲԸͷʱˡ

һʱͻȻ㣬ԵĹܼҲʵˣʲôϲ𣿡
̧ͷ˵սˣһ̣Ѿȵ̫á
ܼû˵ȴ֪һ£ǰ֮ļ壬ҲѾʧ˵˾ͽ壬֮
Դ˾ͽұ֮˱һֱм˾ͽ顣
˿Զ¶ζı顣
пʼʱһΪɢı飬ǵĿüΪᶨ˵һΣǿ԰¸ҵˣ⵹ۡ


604  ŹǶ
ڷ˼˵˽ҶӵΪˣһ൱ɵˣô̵ʱҸ˵ǣҵȻԪַ㣬ǸңԶطСӡ
һͷ˵ȻסСĸϣﰲŵߴϢҲС㲢ûסһ𣿡
ȻҶӽΪĻ£һܳңԱ㼤ŭңһ𳤴̫˽Ըˡ
һ˵СȻʢҳһĿ֮£ƫԶ޷ƫԶСطһĿܡ
۵ͷ˵Ȼǰһҹ֮佫˾ͽ壬ԴǼ֮󣬱Ҳû˸ҸҽӽҶˣҶ뱨ңڴæ֮˼˶޷ǸСطļҶһ죬ǸʵǰԼ·
۲ַ֪㡣
Ϊַ֮Ҳ޷˺֮Ԫ֮Ŀռϣ۲ŽַһԲ֪ɽСӣΪһ죬ŻҶ⡣
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ҶˮŮˣǶ԰쳣ִŵŮҪ˵ַûַѾˣҲڶʱ֮
飬ȫŭԼֶΣȻҶ粢ҲǱҶõĿܣȴŹ
ΪѾð۵ϡ
۵꣬һҹ֮ʢ֮Ӱ˾ͽ֮˱㶼֪۶Ҷֻεϵ
ˣʢ֮Ҳû˸ҶҶ綯˼ڣһ֪СطëͷСӣȻҴҶ⣿
۵ûԵĲ˿̵㲻ϷŭȻҲ㲻ϸˡ
ߵ˵ȥɱǸҲҶӳɻ֮ǰκεĲ죬ȻǸҿԳȫ
ʢ֮ĵģ֮еʥأκһ֮ӵо޴Ӱļ壬ʢӵԼĲҵǼĸۡʢ
ʢӰ֮󣬾ͬԪĩǰȫ򾭼ġ
ԪľýĲͬʢ֮ӵоԵԵĵλûκγпȼ硣
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¸Ҷ֮ʢ˶£Ϊ˽ύƨģҲад޲磬ͬģҲ䳰ȷֵġ
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Ҷƻһ£һЦԼЦҶҵϵðˣǵĺУȻһñƻı̬
֮У˽ͨҲûУЩ鶼ľĵģ½֪ģȴǾ޽С
֪ⳡ־ճ
ҶΪԼԺٻ󣬽ʳ۹Ҹƴƣ
ܶҲ֪ҶԪУһַˣһ۱شҲǸֱӵĹϵҶԸȻô̵ʱ֮
һļһǸСӸͨļңҶѡ
ָǿȢҶ磬ѾһµʱˣƫƫʱҶһļ֮䣬Ϣ
Ҷ۵ķˣԽԽпͷˣ

иҹһ㣿
ҲԼʲôȻʢƯʵŮ
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ۼҶԺˣģʢЩĹӸɵү
ЩүҶԺţţ޲һ仰ַ
ַҶϢȥ֮𾪵ʢ֮˶̸¡
һҶĴʾͬ飬һֶеŭһλҹַֻλҹɼΡ
λҹһληȨƵſͬ廯㣬Ǹħստɰ˵Ҷˮ֮С
ҶģƫƫһƫԶļȫʢͨûдһϢ
ɴ˿֪Ƕôļˣһļȴȫʢֲ顣
Щ̵Ǹе裬ÿиһֱ˴ĸо
ʢЩ˵УҪҶ磬ҲЩȥС
ЩˣĲҶʱȴһ֪ëͷС˳ԲҶս۵ϡ
ַΪżʢȺٻ߹ټҴٵķŭ
Ҷʢİ죬ͷǵĿ£аҶˣûһ˸ҶﰮĽ֮顣
ƫƫһ֪ߵغļַͷ˼ʱվ˳ⲻһֻª󡣬ǰһֻͤͤİ졣
ЩټҹǲߣԷ֯Űɱַ㣬ɱַ㣬άϣԽۡ
ָĽӰˣҪͳ½ģֻҪ۸˹ϵǶǣǶǵļ壬һ޺顣
ǰǿҶ磬ЩȥַļȴҶ磬Щ˶۵ŭ벻תƵַϡ
ȻóªҶҲʢ֮һ
Ϊ磬ռԼЩΪݣ۱ϾѪͳ߹֮δ̳ˡ
׵ҲҶ使ĵĻļҪõĶ࣬ϾҶ绹֮С
Щү˵ҶԼ޸ʢκһ٣Աĸ裬ȴܱƫԶɽļռС
ȻҲ˵飬ȴΪ۵ìܣڲìܣַһ΢ļ
ֻ֮ǻ˵Ĺ߶ѡ
ҶԱĸռȴܱһ˵ĹߣļռǽҶԺ棬ҲΪάЩҵĹе
ԺļŮʧܵҶǰ
ЩŮ˵ҶҲ淢ʲô飬Ժ˵󲻴˵ССЩү泶Ųƿڴǿ
ҶɫüΪѿ
ʢеĶһЩʲôѽ׵ʢŴУȴûһ˸վ˵乫
ַЩүȴַı΢ݣ׷ַ㷢ѣʢЩ¹ڳĹǣǻ
ַ㵹ǲΪ⣬ʮĩУ֪ٴα˳ЦӹƽĴ֮
ЩǣΪԼ֮һԼΪҶͷʹǵ衣
һֱֲֺۣ䷨ַֺۡ
ǽƣĸ½һĵҶȻᲢۣЩ˲վһߡ
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ִ磬ЩˣʢŴҵүǣڵʢˣԺ֮򽫴粽У
û˵ʱҶȻϰַ߽Ϊִ硣
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Ҷ޷֮ȥĻԼһߣַж½Ķûһη֮ġ
Ҷ绹˵ʲôַѾȿڵֻССͽһǸҶҾʹ˲ݣҲɱһء
Ҷʱ벻ַ㷢˿ɵַԪĳƺ
սַ㣬˽Ϊɱַ㡣
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Ҷĵ˵ִ磬ȥʱСĵ㣿
ģַûյ顣
ҶҵСűƿһӼߣģ˧˳
߳һ̣Ŀ⣬һ䵽ַϣ뿴һʲôˣȻժʢĻ䡣
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Ƚ֮£ЩĶǣԵû˹ʣЩ֮ԷŭҲַ㳤̫˧̫Ư
ЩʢǵĶУߴ˧ӽӵȺЩר
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ԭַ˶Ҫ˧ַŴңƯ˧ĻЩֻĽἵޡ
ַȴ˹ƯⱾͽǸе޷ܣƾΪһһƯӣһ治ʮ顣
˸ΪԼµࡣ
ڼһܾ裬صǮ˵г裬ܲЩǮ˱̬Ⱥã˳ܵʢ
Ҷ磬Ҷһˣʱļסˣ۵ĻԼǿסһ
ҶȥʥַЩȫıˣǻҶһ¼ĵŮ
Щϧ۲ǰªȴǱãôͿһŮأ
ЩĿɿڴַۣ˵ղЩС˵ʲô˵һ飿
һָݣŹǵĶеЩСȻ˵㣿
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ַ˵һ䣬̲סôǼַĶַ֣µȦס
ŹǶʱŭˣַ㲻ԶƯ޲һȭӹȥſɺ޵ļϡá
漴ŹǶǰȭֱӴַ΢Ц
һȭ׷׽кá
ŹǵȻǿֻİЩУҲٮٮˡ
Ҫ˵ǵֻͬİֻһҲʢǺС
ʢȻ˵ǿƣЩȻЩǿһ뵽Щ汳ĿֲҲֻжЩ
ŹǶҲţַ㲻Ҳӡ
һȭȥַֻʵʵվﱻһСŤǸͱ˻ƷѣԲ˶ߡ
ƽЩǣЩǿܶǿߣԻ֣ڴŹˣȻԼļЩߺöˡ
ַȻܸӣ㶼ûж㡣
ŹǶжʱֿ˻ղ˵ȻһԼģҲҵԼԼŹ
ķϣԼͲҪСݣıˡ
ŹǶȭͷҪַı֮ʱַͻȻ֣һַֻ󷢶סŹǶ󣬲һ
ꡣ
ŹǶСֱӱַ۶ϣĹͷǴĤ˳ɭɭ¶棬Եʮֲֿ
һ̣ŹǶֱѪˮ磬ϰȾһѪˡ
ʹʹˣ
泤ô󣬻ûб˴ַŤֱۣʱɱƵĴ
У¶˲ŵģ
ʢڣЩȨĽǣҲҵǣ˸ǵĻ򶪹٣ɥ
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ЩȻţҲϲҪģǳУϼǿĻǡ
һǵİȫܵвЩǱ蹷һȥǵĶ֮ĽЩǳҲ
Щ֮ĽҲ㲻ʲôɱǰ񣬸ͬһֻ档
ڵ֮һδŭһֱַ㡣


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ǿȻЩϿԵõĺôЩߣȻ޷ھǧʿľأȴԵõʵʵĺô
һЩӴ֧£ǿ֮ĽǶҪ˵ǰַˡ
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ղĻ˵˵ַСҲûʲôǼСһ㣬Ͳܽǽˡ
οǰ˲ǼСǰʢǵһŮļСʢ߸ϵĴС㣬ǰļСƭ
ΪάŴҵϣǽҲɱˡ
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⼸ŮҲ˼ҳеľ˶ײ㣬Ƕݱ΢ַ㣬һȻĺøС
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еַ㣬뿴ַηģ֮У֪ǱۺãĿһиһЩ
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˵Ǹ¶˲̵Цݣ˵˾һУ˽ɱӣ˿ԥ£Ҳ˱ļ嶥š
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δ󺺵˵ϣҵĳ鴤ϲûԵƣȴڴڵѪ鶯ķԽԽһһغ
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һǿˣɱٶŵøεѣʱǲףҶ翴еС
һµһ˵еǿߣЩһʢǿߴСսһܡ
ϵܣͱֻԴˣǸϽһɳȥǸС
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һĻʮǰȭϧǣһ棬㱻ַһȭ
һ屻ַɱ֮ǲûΪȡѵڴһţ֮ɳµļūȺսַ㡣
⣬ǰʿҲַһȺɵۣʶԼ˴˵еĸǿߡ
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ȴףǵЩԶߴð˴̣ԼһëǮĹϵûУԼȻЩݵˡ
̫͵Ķ棬ʩչͬС죬ٻı춼ࡣ
ַȻûȤǾ˵ҹҪȻұǵļūǣ
Сӣ㻹ҴţܼʢǴ꣬ʢ˼ǧ꣬ʢڻû˸ܼҽа壬Ҷһëܼұ㽫㡭
ܼٵĻû˵꣬ͻȻ˵ˣִ˿Լ˫أһȥͻȻĴ˺üȦ
ܼ֮ԻַĻѾٱļ۵Ĳϣܼٵ߸߾
ܼټʱַܹƿڴκδ˿̵ȲܳҲܽȻַܶƿڴˡ
ϢʱԽԽܼٵ嶼ȫͨ첢Ҳ¶ı顣
ҲĻ˿Ϣˣ˿Ȼһȴû˸ղŵŰ衣
ʱַ˵һȺ֪ߵغĶ棬Ҳǰѵֻ֮۸ɱˣҾͲɱ𡭡ŵĲ´ЬģңұὫЩȫˣ񵱳˾ͽһ
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˴ʱЩȻ벻ףַֻһΪʲô˴󵨣
ַʢǣҶ磬ΪԼԺٻɱܼҵүʢȻȴҲû֮ء
ܼٵղЩūŴΪܼͬˣҪ˵ǰ񣬾ҶҲеĺ
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ַȴһ֮ǿߣҲǿĿԵ߸ǿߣָĽӰӵлȨ
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ǧһ½ϣǹѹȼ񣬹ɱ˼Ҳ쾭飬ɥǮó
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Ŵ͵һĿڸһ̣ͻȻʶַѾƵ֮ͳν׼Ķ档
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ȺǴ˿̸ĻңǱͶһȺӲ֮ƽҲǵļһŻͺβ͹ߡ
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սǸղЩᲢ۵ģֻ¸ղȥлһҲǰǿ
Ҳ֪ǰսһ֮ǰȥƽϢңһʱڣϴǰߣĺϢ
죬ȴͻȻ˸ԭλսպյĴ󽫾Ѿӱˡ
ַ㿴սһۣҲһݣһۣ㿴˺ܲǣȣղЩ˵սҪ̫Զ
ǰһս֮һɫƺܽͬǿߵĻʿϸɢ˼ΪֲϢ
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ͬǿ߼û˱ȥԽɱǿǿߡ
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ַ㻹û˵һһԣÿǻ˵սһСطļ񣬺֪ôԻҶС㣬ôˣۣȴ˴󷢣ɱǺܶɱܹӡ
ʲôɱܹӣ
սУҲвǼŻ֮ҲôϣַƲ˼µĴ㡣
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ͳߣƣЩʵʵģǣһЩԽ飬һص£ҲŹ
һֱսҲһȽϿˣļѡ£԰ԭȼļᡣ
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ΣַҲɱ˹ˣƾһ㣬͸
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606  
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ַ֮ʱȻȴܸܵ½ϣ֮Ѻۡ
Щǣ֮Զ˲ޣҲΪ½ļŲҶ硣
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ַ˵仰֮ȺǸǶַƿڴʹ֪ôʢʵǿĽ֮һǹ׼˵Ľ
ռ֮УҲӰŴ֮һռҵȻ͵ǵӰȴ뵱˾ͽҡ
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ǰЩǣȻҲռҵĵλΪϿɣַûϵȴ޷ܡ
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ױַǵĳٲһŭÿ˵ɢɱҲԵøӵ
ЩǣȺױɢɱŵԷȻֻмˣȴЩһǧɱĸо
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˵ҾҶС㣬Ų㲻ɱĻұɱ㣿
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Ϊַ㲻ʢǵĹ׼ΪӰĻַ㣬һΪ˹Ĵԭ£Ҷ˵Ҳ
ƴˣҶǵǡ
˿̵ַҲղһ룬ֱָԶ
֪ǰһȼǿߣһԼɴ⣬ҪȻԼп֮
ЩʼսսһߣսľԼͣǱԼǿַҲòӡ
ڳˣе䵶Ϊһԣǰ䵶·޾һ㣬ſֲϢ̩ɽѹһ㳯ַ˹ȥ
ЩֵĶϣ¶˻Цݣڳˣַ뱻ɱԶˡ
ֵһַ̣еıҲͬʱΪһâһȵĽ󽭴Ӱ
ǽ⣬Ľ⣬ַ֮󣬴ǿҵַ
һɵЦģǣϵЦͻȻ񣬽벻ǣַ֮Ȼ˿һУԿ˼ڡ
ѵѾʸ
У¶һ˿ɫԸڵܼղƶһӦòʲô
ȴûϵַؿڵһ˵ƣԼСˣҪԼлҪǿࡣ
ɫ¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫЩݺὮѾ˿ԽɵˣǰȴٴС
Ѿַ㿴ĵˣַ֮ͬѾûκκͽĿԣַԽǿ󣬽Թ׼ƻԾԽ¶ģһҪɱˡ
еٴαǣǰ䵶ĹҲĸˣַеı
¥ϣҶɫøӲ԰ףһǰȣøӿֲַܵסһ
һʼʱȴû̫Ƶַ㣬ַ߲㣬ַ㷴֮ʹȫһ
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㲻ΪԼ裬ҲϣַܣǿǰһζַʧȥģͬʱĽܿƵһ

䵶뱦ҵײ𣬸ĵ涼ҡ·һ
Щǣʱ־棬˱ҵĵ˵ϣм򾪵˿ӡ
ζѬ죬ԭ֮еͬһӵй
ַͬʱ˿˼ͬʱ¶˾ı飬໥޶ԷȻ˵á
ΪһԼѾþȫ֮У˼ϣûм˵ֵסȫһ
һУܹסһǣַ㲻סĹ
ַҲ̾ȻҲǹȴǰЩûá
ԼղһģµĽ⣬һ뵱Ѫ֮ʱǿ˺ܶ࣬һγһս֮ʱҲǿࡣ
ԼһʰѪ죬ȴʰ彫
֮йȻԻַи뵽˵ȻᲢۣԼ֮һ彫ʰµĻʲôʸսۡ
ܵԼ΢΢ֱַۣвɵһ˿֮⡣
һ޹ƽעַ˵һѷıĽҲá
ܹ֮һûмˣܹıӲ֮󣬱û۶ϵģ֮١
ѱǵոսеʱļӶˣ֮򼫱֮صĿɽֶġ
۶ôıֻҪеıһᱻֱնϣֱ߱ϣղַ㽻һǣַ㲻סһеı
Ƶǣеıм䲿֣ȻһССȱڣСȻǸղŽ֮ʱַıնġ
Ҳ۲ղһַеıȴû˿𺦣ȻַбķȣҪԶԶʤı
ϱնһСڣȻӰ첻˱ķԣǲ̫ۡ
еΪۣΪ˲αַĽ뱦ȷǿŽڳַĽ뱦
ַ΢΢һЦ˵ı뵶Ҳ֮УҲӦǰǿ֮һ
ַϧ໥޵ģЩһ۾ͬʱЩԵüȲģǲʹ˻Ϊ˰ɣ
ĻղŵܼǰҶֻ죬ҪԶ̣
¥ϣҶŵϵĻҳղַ㵶ཻʹС¥ҵҡһĻҳ
ϵĻҳ֮Ҷ¶һ˿οı顣
벻ַǿ󣬱лҪǿܶ࣬Ҳַ֪ôǻ᲻ữΪѣ
ǰ˵꣬Ѿܹ͵Ķˣȴһλ𾴵Ķ֡ϧǣǲǶ֣ǵˣұɱ㣬ȫͽ̣
ΪеٮٮߣһԳݣЩһۣµЩܶ˶ѾױҲƺǵ֡
ַһȴӮ𾴡
𾴹𾴣ɱַ֮ȴû˿ĸı䣬ΪַԽǿ֮ͳν׼вҲԽ
죬ƴԼҲҪΪ֮Ĺǣ
ַҲͷ˵á
һַ֮˵Ȼ˽Ͳݣ
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ַ˵ݼ֮ڽֳ˸߳Щǣһͬ˼Ѫһ˷ܵĴ󺰴
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ЩʿУ¶ɻ֮ɫ׷꣬ûм˫ֳֵ˽֣ѵ˵ʹò˫ӭ
ַȻǵֳֽؿڸǳһƽߣĿҲ֪ȫʱᱬôǿ
Ҫ֣ǿĹ֮ʱԶͻȻһ˺֣


607  ľַ֮
˺֣е˵Ŀⶼ˵˿ȥ
ЩֵĶ棬Щױǵж¶벻мĿ⣬벻ǧһʱ̣˸ҳֹⳡս
뿴˭棬ĵӣųֹⳡս
ռʢʵļ֮һǾкպʵɽʢǣûмʸǰ˵⻰
Ҷ۵ӣ۵δޣȻûֹⳡսʸ
ȻҲַİΣȴûҪֹⳡսΪ֪棬Ҳˡ
ҶҲ֪˭ôĵӣҳַֹľս־һġ
漴ҶĿ䵽һ곤ߵϡ
ʷسʢȫǰȫ߹Ա
Ҷ翴һͷˮЩױЩֲˣʷسôϵǳʲôĿĲŻֹⳡսأ
ȻһĿĺʷسҲòԷֱ棬سǸʢǰȫһ߹Աְ𣬸Ǳ
سļ𣬻𾴡
Ҫԭǣռҵ˼ȫסʢسʢǵĸĸ٣ƽʢЩŴҵ峤ǣس֮ʱҲԵñϹϾ
Ϊʢǵĸĸ٣֮ĺĳʢǰȫΣĸ˵سĻֻҪسǸ鷳ЩԲ˶ߡ
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ȻˣسΪȴŭسԽ࣬г˱˵̰
ʢĴСԱһǰس
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Ϊʲôʮ֮һٷְЩ̣ΪʩУлЩƴֲŵĴʻ¸˭ã˭ļ۸ͣ˭ЩĹ̡
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һʼ仹ΪմմϲΪԼڳһӢɿܳˣСԱһسسĹ˵ʮֲ
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ЩĿɿڴ벻λʷ˻ǿӲҪ뿪ˣ˵ĺݻҶǹ壬²ɣ
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سƿ˾ͽҴŵʱԺӵĵݴʺѪˮ֫
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س벻ף鳤ҲǴˣΪʲôҳһײеļһﵱļ̳ˡ
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ͬʱанңҿѾͷǰĻԼµĳǹȻƨϣʱ˵ĹϵҪڻҪ


611  ֻ߲
УҶ˵ǰҲܣЩĴҲ⣬ԽԺҪǸһϣҲκε
ȻҶĻݱ˷žӸĿҶûȥüû˵ּᶨҡҡͷ
Ҷ˹ִҶԵøӷŭĶͷŵҲЩŤ
ԳľηҶЩĻţοĻĸףҶԶһ£ȻҧԼ촽û¶κģ
ַҲеԲһ£ȻҲҶҧгݵģסˡ
ַԣԴ˵磬㿴ҶڵģˣЩȻȥҶ棬ǵһμҶô
ַЦϼһԸɣģˣŵϵһðɵļһûһܳɴµģҲûõķ
һַҶ˹ϵԺҶ˵þͻַˣַ˵Է֮ʱһһϼһû˿Ҷ˼ô˲񷨵ˣ
Ů淴ʮأַҲǲȨзԽϲΪַĻ˵Ŀȥˡ
һҲǣҶҪ˵˿Ṭ̌ǿðҲܸôԶյԼϡ
ȻԼʲô
ҶҶ˵ѵǸôãҪԼĸ׶Ҫˣ
Ҷᶶûõ˼̧ͷŷŭеĸףЩ˵òҲ֪ȴ֪ʺҵˣֻҪһÿԿʲˣҲеܿ֡
ǿˣҶҵȴΪˣҶҲʢŴңΪҶҵĴС㣬ҪңҲҪнҾõӵܣȴһˣ㲻ҪҶҵ˻Ҫأ
ַа϶ҪĻͲɱԼС檣¹ˡ
ӣϼһﲻֹﻢʳ˲ҪֻҪ˲Ůϼһ
Ҷǿ˵ʸףǲҪʲôҪأĪұԼĸռҪ𣿡
Ҷ⻰ʵʮռ˵ҶϷ¶εı顣
ҶһµǵȷҪҶ޸ۣҶãͨҪ˵壬ƽ񣬾з飬ҲǱ
̫ǿˣǿ󵽿Ե߸ĵز
ǺָĽӰˣҶôԿߣײϣ˵죬вˬͽҶȫ˶ɱˡ
Ҷҵȴ֪ҶһԸŮ֮۶Ҷֻεĸ飬ֻҪһҶҵԺŲܵӰ죬Ϊʢĵһ塣
ղҶҶ粻Ҫ˿ô˼˵ҪҶָۣҪأ
Ҷ˺һ˵ǰ飬ȻݣڣѾˣ¶ḴϽҲĸˣҪȢ㣬Ҳ֮е顭
״һ£ҵĸ̹Ŵ½ҵĴǸˣҲ̹Ŵ½еһǲ˵ҵĴҲǼأȻΪʲôһ𣬶ֻдҵĴ磿
Ҷɫһ䣬Ҷ˵ĶʵӵϽ۶̹Ŵ½Ҷҵ˾ܲҶҵѪҺϵĻڳӵ߼ݣҲǼ
Ҷӣôô˵Ĵ˼Ҳ˵ʲôºЩ鳤û˵ʲôҲû˵ʲôƾʲô£
Ҷ̧ͷ˵Ҳ£ΪԼҸҳˣպĹ涨ȨѡԼϲһ𡣡
ҶŭҿǱСסˣڲǷǣĴǺļ̳ˣǸСֻһƾʲôĴᲢۣĴ˻飬ĴԺǺ䣬Ǻĵһˡ
ҲҶ˵ҫΪԼ˽ȴ˴ֵһȷĴ𰸣Ҷ˵ԺܲСһϣԺֻһ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ漴ͷҶ˵һ仰
ž
Ҷ̧֣һҶϡ
漴ҶϱһƵӡǣַдŭ뵽ҶڽѵԼŮԼȷûиɡ
ַյ촽˵ȴ˼֡
Ҷ̧ͷ˵ףԴңɱңȴ޷ֿҾҲҵĴһ޲飬һ£Ҿ;öġ
㡭ȻǳӲˣ㲻׵ĻˣȻһҪТŮã
ҶһѽҶ޳ϣĽиҶϸ۵ļѹһۡ
ｹ˵磬ô죬ҶҪɱҶӽ㣿
ַ˰˵ûµġ
ղҶеȻףȴû¶ɱȻֻҶͷֶΣҶĶҶ粻Ļַֹ֣Ҳļ
Ҷɫ԰ףȴһԲҶʵĲ
׿ɱңȴܸıҵ⡣
Ҷ⻰˵նްأ´˿̱ӾҲû˿Эģ
ҶҲ΢һ£벻Ҷ˹ִȻɱҶ磬ҶĻ۶Ź
ʹеֶ֮Ҷ綼û˼ʹС
ҶҶ羱ıأԼľ̾һ˵Ȼ˲Т׵Ļʲô䣬һˡ
Ҷ۾һգ¶һҪԾģ
ַ¶˳ıҶȻʲôĽɫȻʹֶҶ磬ѵҲԪӻЩŶ
ַ㵱ȻҶɱΪ˻ȥϧɱԼС檣ôֻΪҶ綥ײɱأ
ҶһȻôҶȴһŮֹ
Ҷ̾Ҷӣ֪һТ˳Ů㲻ĸ׵ĻʹӦҵҪɣ
Ҷв֪ʱҲһѱˮͬߵۿй䣬ӣ䵽ؿڡ
ҶҲӾҶ˵ŮףҲ޸ԼĴ磬ȻТȫֻ־ˡ
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ԼֶþҶȻˣҪǰҶͻȻҶǰ
漴һߵ˵Ҷӣ֪ί㣬ϣΪҶ˵Ժ룬ҵȰ棬ҴҶҼˣ
һεڵأ벻ҶȻҶ¹򣬻ҶҼвҶ磬Ҷ粻ӦҶҪ󣬱ὫҶһ㣬ҶҲҶҵ峤˶˵飿
ﲻ˼˵Ҷôأ̫޳ˣ
ַ򵭵˵ϰ߳ȻˣǰԱ¹ˣϰߣǽ統˰ɣ
ͬʱַҲҶ޳ܶȣΪٻ󣬹ȻʲôóԼǰΪԼ޳ˣһȣŷԼǸ
ַղ˵ʱҶˣҶжˣ벻˿̻ڰ͵
ûվȻڵϣԼĲϣȵʲô˵
ַһԲ˵ֻߣ
˵仰ַ֮Ȼ˳ַͻȻ˴ȻҲĸַ˴С


612  С
Ҷһ̧ͷһżƯ
ʱʢεˣʱҲʢ˧磬Ǹ߹ֵĹ󸾣Ůֵס˧Ż˵͡
Ѿ˵꣬ûΣԵİװִ󸹱ģ֮ʱȣϷһûе̡
صĳζʹŮԵҶҲж֤ԼȻǽǹϡ
һ֮ڣò绨С檣ҹҹ񻶣СڵƼݣľҪ˵ˣˣм
죬ȴַһűƯ˧̫ʲô˧
ַûκȱ㣬͸˧ȣҶһζԼòʧȥϢͬʱһ˼ǾһҪƯһȭá
ֻ֪Ҫϣ˾ԶŮǵϲͣƯǰе˧綼
ҶԽַбԽߡ
һˣôŮ˻ƯأСһ񣬻Ӧһ̬˾Ư
һ̣вףΪʲôһҶͻȻ˹ִԪнʶַˡ
ƾСԻľŮԣĸԸΪҶ磬ҲǱСԻסˡ
Ҷûгȥַſ𼫴˹ߵá
ܼ򵥣֮ǰõһϢòƸˣʵϺܲǡ
˸ӵʢʵɽ
죬ۻɳµǿѵˣȴ˸޻ص³
ȻĿǰΪֹСԺû֪˶µǿ˿ֻѾ׶༪ˡ
ַҶĹϵ𱲷ҶַĳҲԲ׼ַǲһײϵˡ
ַҶһη򲻻ڵĻǰ͸ַ㼸⣬ϼţɱַ㡣
ַ㻹ֵĻ޹⣬ַƴĻ֮Σ
Ҷ˼ǰ󣬲ûֱַ㶯֣ȻŹַ㣬ΪҪɱַҲһҪԼԶ֡
Ҷַ˵ǸɽļɣΪʲôҪҶӣ
ַҡҡͷ˵Ҵûо磬ӣ
˵˵ûҶӣôססô壬ĸһ𣿡
ַ͵ãҶεģصҲһʱķҶȻǹˣӦ֪ôһ
Լûо磬ҲǧȷʵòŻһκ˲ĨɱҶҪ׷˭ô򣬹ƤҩһŮĻȥĶһ£
ַ㼸仰˵ҶӳһֱǷҶǰƯһģΪҶǱԻסˡ
ַһͣƺεȷϣҶͬĻַôסأ
ַȥԼĶӣڷǾҶݵ˲ǱˣĶӡ
ַ㻰е˼Ӱ֪ܣĶӰռŮ֮вûйƤҩҶҲû׹Ƥҩʲô˼
ַȻ仰۵ϣ벻ʲôû
벻˻Լף˼ֱǵߵڰף˲Ưһ˻˵ͣԼŮˣҲᱻסҲѹҶӱԵߵˣ
Ҷַŭɫ֮ͽ㲻öҽƱ磬ԺҵŮݵĻұ㣿
Ҷвʮ㣬ʵȴûκвĻַвɵðЦи˵ҵ뿴϶ôң
ַҶǰһֻҶʹҶ˺ھıŻعͷԹڵϵҶ˵ҶҲˣù˵
仰Ҷֱǰֱðǣ˲һ㱻Ļȥַ˵ĿԼһ棬Ϊ̫𾴶ԷŻԶԷ¹
Էͬһ߹ĵһ˵ҲˣͲù˵ˡ
СһרԻŮ˵𡭡ޣõҶ峤¹ΪԼǺ
ҶǰԼΪҶҵ峤˿ַˣԼٹڵϣҲȷЩ񻰡
ַ㻹һԼ⸱̬ȥĻԺûˡ
ԼʱվĻԼַȰһ㡣
ҶһҧԼĳ̬Ѿ˿ˣԼҶ¹飬ֻҲԶ
һҲǹ򣬶ʱҲǹٹһᣬͬʱһҶӣ뷨֮Ҷ𣬵ȴûš
ҶӣСǰΪѵ㲻ɱСĻҾǰ
ַҡҡͷˣŶΣͲѽ
ǿӣ࿴ŶΣҲеᷳοҶϷıȷô
Ҷ˳Ȼ󣬵˿̹ڵϣƨɣھģȷôÿ
Ҷ翴˿ڵϵĸףֿ˿ַ㣬ˣһĸףȻĸ׵Ϊ丸֣ȴƫƫĸס
һַ㣬ַ֮Կ֮ҲΪԼôַܶأ
ַ֮򣬱ðżΣգһԼĸףһԼİˣԼô죿
ҶͻȻЩͷΣҲһ治ˤ˹ȥһѷסҶ磬ʹûˤڵء
һĿŹڵϵҶԷ˵Ҷô㿴ҶӽƳʲôˣѵҪҶӽſ𣿡
󱲶ҶƤߡ
ȴΪִԣ˵Ϊ˿̵ҲһַԻסˣŻַ˵
Լĳ̬Ѿ￴Ժ󴫳ȥɨأԼҪҶɱַ㣬Ҫ취Ѿͷһɱˣʹ鴫ȥ
ҶвͣĴŻ⣬ͬһͷҰްŭõģ㲻Լ׵Сˣ˵һ˰ˣмʮŮҲһҾ͵ûŮ
Ҷӣһ仰ɱ򣿡
Ҷʹ಻ı飬ַеŭ𽥽ȼȶҶʹ಻ģеʹֶҶ޳ܸеŭ
ַ㵭˵ȥǲǣ
ַ˵⻰ҶͻȻһ
оַ˵⻰֮ʱı䣬ַ㿴֮ʱ˫۾ĺ䣬·Ҫ嶳
ҶвãַȻǸײϵļһ
ȻַòƶɱҶȴΪַ㲻ҽôַ㻹ûнҶƭ֣Ȼɱ
ַɱĻҶôԭɱ׵Сأ
ҶĽô󣬽ѾͷȴģСסһҪŮʲôϣҶӣǾ仰ɱҾǰ
ַЦĻα磬ҾͿԳȫ㣿
ַһ֪ʱѾҶĽǰ֣̽˫ָͻȻסҶбĽУǰһơ
ĽҶľȥַʹҶȻűȴ˿Ʋǰѽ
ȴ֪ԼĲϣ߸ĺԴ۳һҪ
ҶͻȻһãСҪˣɱԼҪˣ


613  ѽ
ҶûԼҪɱ
һĽ٣ܵˣŵȵ۵˺䣬Ҷ˺ĵһ֮ԼŮںһٻأ
Ȼ˵꣬ȴϱδϡ
ǸȢС檣ԼˣԼСԺ󻹲֪˭أ
ҶһһΪ˻ȥֶεˣԻȥŷǳᶨôɱ
ǰһŵСΪҶ籣ýʷڲҵһѪ¼
ΪƽϢ۵ŭʱԥԼ谮С檣ȥˣʱԼС檵һȻĿ
ʱڵõһҹ֮䣬˾ͽϢʱСŻˡ
ոսҶҲã֪۶ҶֻεİϵŻ᷸Ĵ
֪۶ҶŲͼļλ檣ûнһиС檽ź󣬱ǵĳ裬檲뿴С檵Ц
ҶǰС檿޵滨꣬ģΪ
Ȼ֪Ҷ֮꣬ȴ֪һʮֲбˣĸ׷˵ͬĸĸ硣
ʱ۴ʱҶܶҹ£һΣۻ᲻ɱԼأΪһŮˣСֻпޣϣӮҶͬ顣
ƯС檣ҶҲǼϲģƽҲǷ·ˣ»ˣ˿Сһޣʱĸˡ
ҶԹ޶С˵һ۸ҶĺĻƴˡ
Ҷ˵⻰С檵۾¶Ҹģһ֮УһάԼԸΪԼȥѾ㹻ˡ
ƯСӵҶ˴˿ϵıרעͷ·ǵһʱһ
ҶҲԼС檿ǣˮ䵽Сϡ
Ḷֺ̌ܲҶС檲֮ʣˣóı鿴Ҷĸ׹ȻйǸĺж
Ҷȴ֪ԼĶ˵Ƿ
۵ײУֻʱҪĿܣҶû̫ԥС檲ĿУ谮С檡
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Ҷ̰ôأҪ˵ɱƽСĲһƤᵣĵҪ
ĽײҶվ͵һˣûбԼеıڲϡ
Ҷվ˳˶ಽַ¶һ˿Ц
Žеǰһƣ˿䵽˱ϣַһ֮䣬ĹϵǡҶ۾еͫС
ҶһҽУΪԼĲӱˣʱ̣ҶȻ˿ٺˣʱܹ˽з
ַûһ˿ı飬ֻ˵ԭȻͲҪǰװ̫װҪģ
ҶһŰ˿Ѿǳ˽ɫԼľûбϣҶڻһԿأ޷ܡ
ղŻҶ˵Ҫɱ
ַܸӵһ̣˫ָסУľӣַηȴ˿̰ģ©ɡ
ַηҶٴκˣͼַܹĹһΣȴͻȻסˣԭĺѾǽ棬޿ˡ
Ҷ޿ˣϽȫֱϣͼֹйԶַ㣬ַ˫ָǰǰѽҲҶľԽԽ
ַЦѽֻҪңұ㿼һ
ַȻ˵Ҷȴûжĵ˼ַĵĻĿģҲ޷ˡ
Ҫǣַ㣬Ҷ綼
ַڸŮԷȴԷģ飬˵Ҳݵˣѽ
Ҷļ֣ŽлĿҶľҶϵĺˮҲ͸
Ķͷ϶ĺҲӶͷϹ䣬䵽ߵıϣڱϾ˼ݵִͣӱϹ䵽˵ϣ˴Ƶž
Ҷ֪˿Լò˵ˡ
ԶҶ˵ҶӣҪɱ㸸ףѵɱҲɣ˺ĻϽҪɱң
Ҷ类ڻУǰһУȴû˵ַ֪ǼּзִһˣҪɱԼĸ׵ĻҶֻˡ
ߣַΪɱҶıҪԼ˵Ҳûãѵַ㻹֪ԼҶʲôϵ
Ҷҡҡͷûпĸ顣
￴ҶղŻҶ磬ֿɳܵҶȣҲλԼǰܾصĳ߸еΪУлַһɱҶ
ֻҶǶĺѣŲ˵ĻҶġ
ȻڻĿϵĺѾ䵽ҶĲϣںıƽҶĲҲϸСͻ
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ҶЩĶҶ˵Ҷӣǰôˣѵʱ˿̣ȴ游˵һ仰ֶû𣿡
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Ҷ·ʲôûһԽеҶղ㲻˵㲻ҶӽŮΪʲô˵Ļ
ҶʱиǲͣͬʱýСѾͷˣԱΪԼ
ڣַ˫ָǣ£ıڸҶļϸ۵ļһ˿Ѫߴľ£ִӽϹ䣬䵽˵ذϡ
Ҫɱң㣬ҶӵĸףɱңҶӾͻһӵġ
ղʲôû˵
ʲô˵Ҳģĸף˭ҲĲ˵ʵ
ַȻŽУеһˣҶıļ֮ûмǰĺַҲûɿ
ҶѪˮȻڻذϲͣķѪˮ֮ὦַϵıȻı䡣
ַʵԺ㻹治Ҷһ𣿡
ҡ
Ҷ˿ַ̲ز¶
񱦽ľϣַʳһ仰Ҷ˵ͬ⣬ַָǰһƣľѱƣȥ¼ԼȥС檡
˵ַҶһԺôҶгǽ£ô۽
˿ַŹֻҲŹ
ַȣҶµĻĶۣҶһԥʱַеɱͻȻŨҶľ˳ױ
ȻӦַ㣬Ժ鷳ַܾĻпڷѡĻѡڻȥ
ӣſң
ǲǴӦԺٸһˣ
ţҴӦˡ
һ㣬⽫˵һ㣿
Ҷаַڷ侮ʯַȻ˵ʲôʲôˣ
ҶɫҰ׵˵ҶԺСŮҶһҶҵΪ֤
ϣס˵ЩҪȻ㵽ĺǣҲһĲӡ
ַһ٣ֿһҶ˵飬Ҳ֤ˡ
ҶȻû˵ʲôȴ˷ܵĵ˵ͷ
Ҷɫѿ˼㣬飬ûеڳĻɶԽ˵
ַֻһ񣬾˵ȥҲûĻ
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ַ˫΢΢һһӴ˱֮У漴ǰѷĳһ˲˼ǧεϸСмɢ˴ĵذϡ
ҶõıʣһֻֻûõĽϵıε˼ˡ
֪ԼǸֻãŽһЩ
ַȻղҹ˵ҲԻߣϷԹˣ


614  ƽԼ
ַ裬ҶҲŭա
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Ҷһɫˡ
뿪ԺӵʱĲЩģһԺҶ֣֮û̫ܵ˺˵ǲӦóġ
̫ŭ̫ɥĻ֮£Ųһڵء
ҶĸףΪַҶ˭ֻ뵽ַȻһ͵ı̬ȫ֪ηΪ
ַһ仰ԹˣǽϺݺݼ̤˵ϣһУŮǰġ
ǳ˶ȴ˸ͷ³жַԹޣǴﵽ˼㡣
ȻӦٸַҶһ𣬵ҲǴӦѣ᲻أ˵ˡ
ַԼҲԹĶԸַ㣬֮

ҶԶȥıӰַ¶һ˿Ц
ҶһͲʲôõˣһԼĿƣôὫղ˵Ļأ
ַ֮ԲɱԷȫǿҶӡ
ô˵ҲҶĸףҪǣֻһСɫԼҲ̫ķ
ɱһСʹҶԼ϶Ųòʧء
ַĿ⿴棬ģ˧רעԽԽϲԼԺһİҲûκźˣ
ԼлһĻԼҲҶΪ˶һеģ뵽Щĵһ˿˵ĺΡ
ַ㵭˵ǵʱѾˣҲӦ׼ˡ
Ҷһ˵ҵĸѾӦٸһѵб𣿡
ַа˵ϵŵԵĻԼգ⻹Ҷ
ʢɱҵҪֱĸףĸ׾ɱңҲòЧֶԺԲƣȷһսԺɱĻҲвسѹƣʱڣҲʲôȻĸ硭
ҵĴʲô⣬ĻѾɱѵģ
ַҶĶԻиӾ壬˵ӰĽַ㡣
ߵĻҲ˵жǿ󣬵ƾ۵бû˸ҶǸˡ
ַȴԥɱ˵ҲһģƯаԼԽԽϲˡ
ԼҶһ򲻷ֱ˴ˣеִ檣ԼҸҶԺԼһһƯ߸жã
ҶܹΪ˲һϧԼļ巴ĿѵԼͲ
Ȼһֱû˵ȴԼ֯޷԰Σϸ¶˳ı飬·˿̵ѾҶַһ𣬹õ硣
ַͷ˵۵ĻǱɱˣ۲һϳԿˣ㸸׽飬ùˣȴδùĴ磬Ը֪飬˿ˣҲƴģ
ⲻϣ𣿡
Ҷ˿ַ̲֪ĸףҲƻУŭ۲ɻȱһԴӸźһҲûгԹһ
ȴַϽӶĳԿַʢǣҶסһȻԼûзʲôЩƱػԼĴеŭ
ɳɱַ㣬ַĻֱַɱ֮Ҷ裬ôһԼĴ粻쭲Źأ
ַӿڵǵǣȻҲⲻˣܱҪЩձ潻ֵĻջʤϣʵٵĿҪǰЩ׼
Ҷ羪˵ѵ㲻ҵĴ潻𣿡
ܴĻȻ潻֣ǵΪֹжûһգҪǣҵĳˣҵĶ֡
Ҷ粻ʵкβͬأ
ַĴȥҶԹ֯ЩҲ֪֮䣬ǳ˲ĳˣɱңɱǳ˹ϵ
෴Ժ潻սǱǶֵĹϵȻҲɱңɱңҲɱɱɱǿĴȴͬǲŹκɱҵĻᣬҲһǳֵĹϵ
Ϊһԣַûн˵̫͸ܶʱȥҲֻһ仰ԪУ۶شԼԼߵˡ
ԼҲһشۣ˫ѾǼ򵥵ֵĹϵŲ
ַҲ֪ʱڣԼ޷ֻۣҪɱۣԼʹκֶΣ۶Ϊ˵ĸԭ
ڳˣԲֶΣԷΪĿ꣬ǰ֮£ַκ¡
Ǳʶɱ쾡ҶҲǼŭۼƻһ֡
ۣڿٵĻָУַŲˣֻҪ۵ƺˣûκλʤϣ
˵׼Ǹ۵֮ǰԼḻĶԵо飬ǰԸԷ
ַҲµɱֻۣϣЩܹٴشۣԼ侮ʯһɱۡ
￴ַĿɻַ֪ΪʲôԪû뵽ǰԪַ㡣
ַ㿴Щ˵ӣл⼸İ
˵ĻҶӽõѣҶӽĺѣȻҲҵĺѣҰ岻ݴǡ
ַмһЦСѾͷͲ󣬵мֺˬǣԪĻԼ⽫󹬣ھˡ
ƺ˿Ҳڸ;УѾ͸ң˵û꼰㣬硭
ַĻû˵꣬ȴѾַȰ뿪
аԸж벻Σǰ˻˼˵İΣԣֲҶӻΪ˴˶һˡ
ҲᶨպҶŮһĴ㣬ʵϣѾͷҲǲ¶һС롣
ַ֮Խ뿪ҲȷһΪȫ˼
ҪԭǣСѾͷǿֲǿߵʱ𲻵κá
ַ㲢һˣڵ֪Լпܻ£Ҳ˵汳Ȱ뿪
˵˵⻰ͲˣǼȻѣҪиͬͬԽΣգԽܽҶӽ˵ۻҶôȥҾҲûô𡭡
иַͬͬһԼҶ磬ѵСѾͷһ˲ɣ
ַ˵ⲻһǰ֮Բ㣬Ϊĺѣһ𣬱㲻ٶˣ
ҲŲأΪڻһףҾͻˣҲҽСôҪȻǴΣ
ôģ
Ц۸ɱңұ㽫ֵҲһ
ַЦҿ˰ɡ
ѾͷĶԼһƽĶԼֵǶԼټһҲҪȻԼӮҲûκá
ĲƽԼԼȻˣ


615  Ҫװ
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벻һΣʢȻͻȻðһļ
һ֣㽫ҶԵߵһƽ˾еʵɽԼȥĻҲȥ޻ء
ƾо֪Լλ´˿ѾˣԼ£Ҳʮĸǿߣôױأ
еľ˽ҶԸԺвŻᲶ׽һЩ͡
ٵһȣȵԼٺһ㣬ȥɱ˶Է
ȴõҶȥˣȴ˸ͷ³ҶȳҶĹϵ
ȻŭķŭȴԵֻСҲ֪ڵʱ£ҶҪ뱣סҲֻ˵
֪Լĸһ̰ˣ˶ҶѡҲ⡣
ȴƹǸСҶҶǸСĹϵ˵СôߣûռҶ硣
۶˵˽⣬֪һҲһΪĿĶֶεˣ淢飬׷Īˡ
ȥҶСԺԺŮǼԺֻһŵıܿû˭ǰԷ
ЩŮǶ֪µһˣǲСĵס۵ȥ·Ҳ֮ΣĶħֻбܶԶ֮
Ų߽˴Ҷ磬ַ㶼
ʾҶ˵ͷ漴ְĿ䵽ַϣһΣĿûȥһļ֮ɫ
һ˵˼㣬ǽԹ޹ϣǲ
Ҷ粻ĵͷЩףڣΪʲôͷ
۸ղŵͷʱ飬ûϲûŭͷ·һһкһ㡣
ȴûбҪԼôһˣ۽֮󣬸·ûпһ㣬ⲻԼ
۶ַ˵벻ôּˣ
ַԴ˵ͼɣΪʲôҪһأ
Ϊǲǵһμˣڴ֮ǰǸǶμ棬Щһֱ룬Ŀסϣǿߣ뵽Ŀϣǿߡ
ۻԼݣַҡҡͷ˵Ļûκε
ƽ˵ȴΪе֣Ҫ˵ڼУеĹУҲҲǿߣ벻ͨǣǿߣǰȻἮ·ͻȻǴӵðһ㣬ȴ֪Ǵӵðġ
뵽ҶӣҶ˾ϲɵˣ֮еȷбˣΪƣҶӵĹִҲģʱһΪҶǹһңı̫ڣʹ֪ԼǰƲȫˡ
뵽Ѫǰ˵˵Ԫһ뵽飬ҲηѡͻȻ뵽Ԫ֮ȻѣҪƬ½ȴҲʲô¡
ַа𾪣۹ȻһˣǴ˿УµԼݡ
źϺ֮ţ½еһǿߣôһأ
ַʲôҲ֪ʵҲ֪˵ʲô
˵ǣԪַ㣬ҶˣֺαضҼװأȻе֮ΪʲôûеһУ
۾ãĿ⣬иһңѵǰԪѵҶԪнʶǸַ
Ҷ˵Ҷӽ㣬ַ𣿡
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ңۼȻѾµһУҪȥҲúѡ
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ڣȴ֪Լ뷨ʵʡ
Ҷ粻ͬҶ۰ĸͲˣļͶһҶƫƫûκ뷨ܹ۵ľֻ뿪֮
ҶַȥԪĿԺܴ
һĸĸֵܶܳ谮ڼǰַҶϢй¶ȥĸĸҲǽ¡
һһĸĸֵܻһʱҲԭѡ񣬵ַԪˣһоͶһˡ
˳谮ֵܽãַȥǸңԶĴ½ġ
̧ͷоȻһ˿⣬Դŭ˵ԭƭôãѵһֱһ㵱õѣ
˵ִǸܣ֪ǵĴ½ģе˿Խִļݣȴܲһռ䣬ִȥԪʱɱ˴֮ǿߣǵִ֪ʵݣӵġ
ҲңѵΪ֪飬˵𣿡
еȷҶ粻ҲףҶ֮ԲҲвѵĿԣȻҶ硣
ַ֪һ½ˣǾַ㶯ĵġ
ȴѾַ㶯ģַ뿪֮֮ҲԶٻʱֻڼįжȹһˡ
ַͷ˫ද˼£˲ָ˱Ŀ
֮УֻҶĿʵǰȥˣҲᱻϳ
ڣѾϳûбҪżˡ
ڻַָ֮ע˵лҪթ벻ʶҵݣ
ֻǱ˴˱˴˶ѡ
˵仰֮ͬʱĵһЦ
ϵȷĵطͬΪĿĲֶεˣҲͬȨսȨˡ
Ǹûκͬ졣
Ϊ˴еĿ꣬˿˵ʲôַ£ڱ֤Լǰ£˵Ϊǰᡣ
ΪԼ棬»ȫ綼ϧˡ
۵ĽŻҲϵ壬ҲҶѪҺϵ֮Ҷ޷۶ַԭ
ҶУַ۶ѪַǱѪ۲Ѫ
ַȻںܶط񣬵ںܶطȴ֮һһаҲɣ
ַۣ㵭ЦЦԴӵǼϹ֪֮ԪĩĽ۵Ĺϵ
ЩߵȼԪռǿߣֻԼľӦǰĩĽ٣ϹһĶѡ
Ų񵱳ˡ
ȻҲԭۣЩ꣬һֱƿԪԼкܶѣ˵ϡ
ȻҲкַܶϣҪǣַҶģԶҲ޷Ϊѵڡ
˽һЦ𣬶Ҫֳ
ַЦȥԺɣЩĶԹҲһ׵˶ˣ
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ַҲҶ˵磬һˣҪжԶ߶ԶԶҲҪ̬ļһץ
ַ㣬֣µ˵ϹȻ
ַ֪⻰ʲô⵹Ϲ֣˵ϹΪ֮԰ʥһȻԼ޳ܵ˶ҽύ
֮԰еˣԽԺϹȴûԭֵزʹۿڷķ
ڣϾҪֳˣַȻĻۣ޳չֵ쾡¡
ǺεȻᱻַļŭֻǵ˵֮Ҳ棬ǳȥɣĶԹҪڽ쳹㣿
ַıӰ¶˼ı
һʼҶܶ£ʹַ㣬ֲպַȥԪʹì֮С
Ҷ磬벻ַʵףȻȸղ׻ҪƯ
˿̲֪Լǰַ֪ʵݣȻֵ׵ĵȻһЦ
ֻҪԼ쿴һƯףʧȥʲôΪʲôҶ粻ԼַʵģҪαװƯܶ౶أ


616  
Ժ۵ĳ޷ԶһͷƮԶԶȥȷʧһʦķ緶
˵һΣȻ׷֮ɱңҵ뿴Ƿ˿ɱҵĵز
ѵɱһҪԵ𣿡
仰˵ַ꣬һУǧƵֱ۵弲۹ȥ
֮ǰַ㿴ЩӼͷǿȣڼǧֻ֮£ǿ߶һ
۵ȻҪԶԶ㣬˿ƻûкã廹жʹþͺ˵ˡ
ۣҶ۾ͻȻ¶ǵģ
Ȼһ̣ѡվַһߣַ㲼񽣵ʱҲûֹ۱ϾĴ磬йΪͯ꣬ôһ㶼۵أ
񽣼ۣʱӵ˿µƣҶһͻȻǰЩܹһ޹
ַ˿֪Ҷеʵ뷨Ļƻᱻ
˿̵ﷴվַϣԽԽбҲļΪоĻһѡ
Ҷ粻ͬСͶŰԵۼΪߣ֮Ҳûκݣ顣
ڼַʵ֮ǳױַޱվַһ
ڲʱʱﲢַ֪ʵݣҶ粻ͬǣʱûԹۣǰַһЩ񽣣⵱ȻΪϲַ㡣
ַᴥѹ񽣵Ļ֮󣬿Щ񽣷֮Ȼﵽ˵زȻ಻ѡ
˵ʲôҲ벻Щͨӣھַļӹ֮ô˷ٶȣ֪Ⱦеľ˶ٱ
Ҳ֪ܲܶЩ񽣵
񽣷ʱ˷ܵĴһԵҶ˵񣬲ֹס˻֮ϣȴȻε˷ģ
ԭ㻹ı죬ҵСˣ
˵仰֮ϵ˸ǧƵķֱӭȥһһľУ񽣻ΪһؽصƬƮ䵽˵ϡ
ҶͻȻɴ۾ǰһС
벻಼ַõ󣬾Ȼûһ֧ܹɹ䵽۽ǰ۵ƵȷڿٵĻָС
ȫ۷ķл䣬ַûһʧ֮顣
ڴ֮ǰѾԤϵֽ۱ĻͲ֮ĵһǿˡ
ַҲܷУκ˸ַ֪еȱ㡣
ǾǷмΪڵľ۱Ѿˣ˿ַôķӭȺ뾢һĵʮأ͸ַ˳ֵĻᡣ
ƬûַѾձһնĿĹԸеǰѱϣֱնȥ
һһһַһҲһ
޼᲻ݵĽ⣬һ쾡µչ˳ڼǰԼֵʱûնǿƵһ
ԼֵʱҲַǵʱٵѹȻǿҪɱַ㣬ȴһ׵顣
ַܹܺõûĻսʤԷȱѹַĽ޷ӵ¡
˿̲ͬˣַ֪ۼΪֲǿ󣬾ȥĻᲢ۵ģԼһ˿һпնǿһ
лַնһĻͻַ֣ᷢڶ̶̼νӴУ򵽵Ľ⣬Ҫ࣬˼ĳ춼ҪǿĶࡣ
۵ʱ¶˼֮ɫԴһûгԹһοԪȴַϳԿ
ڷ˳⣬֣һܾ˵³
ŵĻĽ⵱Ȼİ۸Ǹַ̾˾һд˶ã˶ãŻʹƵһ
û֪ʲôʱסĳǰѽȴУʱסַնһ
֮۵ַȴ˳ʮ֮Զһֱѹۣˤ˵ϡ
Ҷͬʱɫ䣬벻ַ׼ôã۴£Ȼס۵һ
ַղŵһѾﵽǿ״̬Ȼһ޹
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۵ƱԼлҪصĶࡣ
ڷ˳ǣս֮Ȼһǿһס
ڵʱԼ죬ϵˣڽһҲȺˣڣȴʮף۵أʱַϲ⡣
ַЦһеıٴγֱ֣۶ȥ
˵֪˵ʱҵıˣļʵ̫ͣеȻ˳УŮһ֣Ҳһսֻһ㣬ƾ侮ʯ
ҽҪƾ㣿
ǾҪûˣ
˵֮䣬ַĵڶն£ڿ۵ıѱһַ̣ٴαɡ
ӣִַӵԾֱۣ˵
˵Ըڱһ֮ͺзȵıʾ䣬뿪ˣΪ˵ַȴںЩ
֮ᶨǿһ޷ĵز
һУַ㲢ǿˣȴĩлʮ֮ãҪһԭϴ֮ʱһְ۲ӵĺݾǿ־
ַ˵ֻҪһ㲻Ա䡣
ַŻεʱٴվһ£һս۵֮սʤ֮ս
ֻǷʤĻ۵ĵһնʱ򣬱ѾʤսҲ˭ʤ˭Ϊյ㣬һսΪĽ֡
ַֻҪվͻԷͣսɱԷ߱Էɱ
ֱ˿ַ̣֮ʱ۵Ȼһмģ
ַ̫Զ֮ȻɵĴܶԷַԽսԽµ־ȴʹоȤ
ַĺɫѾð಻ȻɢŰĶ־̲ס˵ַ㣬ۣ˵һ繷ʺҲΪҾǿ
ԪУٴҶҪɱˣȻͬһֻ·Զһ㣬ҺܾȣΪʲôǿ־
ַĵ֪ȥǶõһµʱҲǿַȴû˵ЩЦʲô춼Ҫɱ㡣
ôΪԼлɱ𣬲Ҫ˵ռƵңǿҲɱңȴѾۼ˺ĴǿߣֻҪҽټǿʮҲһ
ַԹɫ֪۲ںŪ
˲һܳʵȴмԼѣΪƲԼһƲѡ
Լһս˭˭˵ԼܹɱֻۣҲӦЩǿߡ
ͲµԼݣ֮ûнһΪΪԼɱɱԼϴˢԪܵĳ衣
ַٵģľ棬ɱۣҲӦĵˡ
Ҳ˴ľУʧַȴ֪ʲôоҲû̫ࡣ
ֻ֪ɱ۵ĻԼھͻԺķɱ֮顣
ַ۷Ⱥۻˡ
ڣַΪش³һѪ˵ַ㣬۱ڸһ˿΢Ц
ַֻڿҪ֧Ųסˡ


617  ʯ
۲ǣַҲ¶һ˿΢Ц˿ַѪˣûκɷЦġ
۲ɵʵЦʲô
ûʲôֻǿЦҲ̲סЦϼ
۳ַ˵ЦҲЦÿЦĽڡڲЦĻԺҲûĻˣ
ֻһԸ˵ɣҿɲΪ
ַ˵˺ܾãȴʼûٴγ֣˹ȥ֮󣬱㲻һ໥ɱˡ
ۼʵѵ㲻ɱΪʲô֣ȴ˵ôķϻ
ҵȻɱ㣬κʱ룬εʱ򣬵ȴԼûɱ
ţ
˵Ķԣ
еĳַָ̧˵ȻȥҸҾȥˣھҪɱ㣿
԰ɣ
˵仰ַŤͷܡ
һԹսҶ۾Ȼ˽ַΪˣȴҶ˵ԪַǸ½ʮǿһˡ
Ǹ½ϣΪս񣬿ǽ죬ַôǿûпȴַھսʤ֮£Ťͷܡ
ԺĹ˵˵ĳ޾ἫﵽݵĵزĻ˫ֻѪսףսҲܺˡ
Ӹһʮֿɳܵ顣
ַԪǧֵɱ۵ĻǺݺݽѵʢΪĶ档
ʱΪַһʮӲˡ
ڣ򲻹ԷȴŤͷܣе⣬ַȻԪսô˲ϧԼأ
ڵΪʹս֮ɨصģѵں
Ҷ絹Ǻַ㣬ַӴľˣַ֪㱾һֶεˡ
Ӳƴȥò˶ãͻ۵ϣַһʮְϧˣ֪Ӳƴ£ôɵأ
ϧǣҶԺȻСҲǺܴ׷Ļַ㻹ܲȥԺȥ
Ժ棬˴ַһǿߣַȥĻǲѰ·ˣ
ַûԺȥԲһԺҴ
֮ĵһǿߣַҲԪкպĻս񣬵˿̣ԺȥѾûһʦ緶˴ϵø׷Ҹϡ
ַԺļɽǰһǰһΧżɽȦӡ
ȥ۱֪ҶһȤˣǰʼ㰲Ŵ֣ԺУһΰļɽ
ɽִָ󣬿ȷơ
˿ַ̣۾ΧƵļɽȦӣ۵ȻǿַٶȴҲܿ죬һʱ׷ַ㡣
к޼ַ㣬ŲˣҪնַ㣬Ը⽫ַй¶ȥʹ֪ǰ˱ԪشҪɫ
ҪȻֻҪٽܶסɱַ㡣
һ׷һ߰ַ˵ȻôǿٶȻ治֣һʱҲ׷
˾һ򲻹˾ӵļһƽʱˣʹıٶȣԶԶͬǿߡ
ҵıУ۵ĺɳַʵԶԶۣڶ̶̵ļ֮䣬۵Ҳᡣ
תۼ䣬˱ѾΧżɽת˼ǧȦ
һֱں׷ϵۣǰַͷԴ·һ
ɴ˿ɼ˿̵ַҲѾ;ƿݵĵزˣֻҪԼ׷Լǰܵˡ
շڵַǰ档
Ҳ֪ǲǽƣַһûŤͷӣעۣŴ˵ۣղҲ۵Ĳɣ
ֻҲòȥ
Ҷ۳ˣǶһᣬȵָٴģϢʱ䣬Ҿû͵Ϯ㣬㿴Σ
ĸ̫ˣŷ죬Ϊ̫еһУڤڤա
ˣ̫͵ˣڶĵʱһ㶼Եʮϣʧŵ
ȴַ֪һļһóĿ˵Ǳ˶˵仰һţԪȴ̹ã˲֪һûκõļһ
۶˶ټ˵ȵָˣ׷ǲǣ㲻滺֮ƣھҪɱ㣿
۶ַһն£㽫޳ܵļһһΪ룬ǰ˺ãͲַκλҲͬκ顣
ֵǣַһβûܣҲûгַӲƴǽеıɽһն
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ͷһҵĺ۵Ľոնһ룬о˾޴Σıƽջؽ̧ͷȥ
ߴＸ׵ļɽʼҡżɽ˻бͷ̫ĹԶڵסˡ
۰вɽ̫ӴɽĻ·ӡ
ַ㣬˼ɽеһУɽжϣҲϡ
ʱףַɽֽš
ԭɽͳһΣɽղһɽɫĽס˼ɽʹüɽ˵ɽûе
ղţַһն˲żɽĽʹüɽеݺۡ
۴˿Ѿ·ˣȻǿȴ޷ȻĹ࿹⡣
ַڼɽİ͵Ц뵽Լһ̱㼫пܱɽַڼɽΨһİУԵѴѡ
беġ
Ҫһ۲㵹ļɽһַ㣬ǰַ汳
ַ˿ڼɽİݴ͵ЦԸ۵ֶΡ
ǰ񽣣ղɵñһһεĳ棬Լղڼɽƴıܣַ۵ֶΡ
˿̵ѾƣַҲƣˣŻѡһ̣նסɽĸ˿
ԶҶҲһסˣַ㲼񽣶ԸۣҲַ֪㲼üɽأȴҲһסˡ
߼׵ļɽҡҡλΣַۣҶͬʱʧɫ
ַʲôʱɽϲ壬ΪʲôԼȴ֪飬ѵַҪͬھ
ַΪɱۣϧԼôݣ
Ҷ˱żɽſɽһ龰ͬʱǶΪһΣַֻ¶Ҫ㸲ļɽҳˣ
Ǵ˿̾ϹȥַۣҲˣߣһصļɽҲǵѪֵ֮ܵ˵ġ
ɽһ棬Ҳŭ𣬲һնַ㡣
ΨһԶܼɽİѾַռˣ۵ǿƣ֮£ҲƬ֮ɱַ㣬ʹԼڼɽ֮ǰС
ȴǰɱַ㣬ַ˿̱ɽİݣĿնһȴ޿ɱܡ
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һַ֮͵ײ˰ݴļɽʯϣƬʯĺײ飬һƬ
ַŰµʯγ˺üѪۡ
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ľʯԼҹַеıͣĻ裬Щľʯ׷
Լ˶ӣɽȫݣԺӵһǽ壬ַϣ϶ʯѣѪˮͣĴ˿ӿĵϡ
˿ַ˿ϵʹеͷֻһǾ
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֮ǱԪҪϵĴ½һʵҪԪҪӲĶ࣬ԺͨļɽҪԪеĺϽҪӲ
۵ǿƬ½һеһУҲӦ
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Ȼ֮һǿߣͬǿļɽǰȻͨѪ֮
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ַҲһˣԼ֮ĿҲˣԪٵĻΣҲ׽ˡ
Ҷ˱ļɽֻǹһɫַ㲼ó˵ѡ
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ڼɽײİУܹ˾󲿷ֵľʯѹ˼С;ʯľʯײƫ˹֮⣬ûܵľʯ
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˵仰ַеı䣬ֱնѾȱȫ塣
۱ˣһΣɽ˵棬һֻӴֱӱ˺ϵĹͷǲ֪˶ٸ
ַڳ֣Щ侮ʯ֮ˡ
˱˿ܻǲǲַȴںЩֻҪɱۣô˵ں

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죬ȫһƴȻƽַ֣֪ѵãԼɱ۵ĻԺԶɱˡ
ڵڶ˫ַֻ֮˳ףȴ˳ʮףȻ۴˿ַ㽻棬Ѿ·硣
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۶Ҷ˵Ҷӣĸ磬ҪɱңѵĿɱ𣿡
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ĸ·ǿ۵Ҳо˵涼ҵĲµԺһ˴鷳
˶ڲ²⣬Ժ﾿˶ôֲ飬Ż˴Ķûκ˲׼ȥ
ҲΪΪ֮ǿǿߣҪ˵ԺֻмˣǧҲȫԺɨ
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Ǹǿַֽ׷ɱ۵һ̣Щȫסˡ
֮йϵĵһǿߣȥԪһˣش֮Ȼû˸ҹȻս
Щ˲֪סҶıеģԪսַ㣬Ϊֻһһɫ࣬ŵõҶӻг衣
ǿַ׷ĶӣŸоǰһ̫˼顣
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ַʣЩѾǾΪһʲô룬ŲϵǿĺԿϧԼ
ûнеɻʳ
ɫǵֺ٣뿪ʱ򣬲û̫ʿ˿ԶĺɱԽԽ죬ֹ˺һŽʧˡ
ַ㰧̾һ֪ղѾȫˣԼҲǷû˵һ顣
黹ûлԷ֮ǰԼǲ뿪֮ˣ


621  
ۼĲϹУ䣬ʵϵ֮һǿ߸ɽĿŹڲԶۡ
һֱǶ˵֮еǿߣȴһ£۵һжǸźɽѧġ
˸ɽ֮ĵһǿߣȴ˶֣Ϊ˽ֵĵ
ڸɽʹ˽Ĵڡ
ǿжôǿ󣬱֪ˡ
ɽ¶ʧı飬һµĲٵ׷׷˼ҡ
ɽһЩ߼鳤һжϣǾǹǶЩ̫ˣЩŻۼһҡ
Ҫ볤ξðֻɱ֮Ļļ񣬸ɽΪȻԳ֡
˺Ҫһһ飬һеĵ
ѡۣҲȻûʧڶ̶߰ʮʱѸٳΪ֮˿ֲĴڡ
˲죬ĸֵܣһԲϣҪ塣
۵ΪȻֵʢŭԹɽЩ߼鳤ȴʮָˣΪԼҵһıˡ
ֻѵҪſԳʣնЩǵԴϡ
ڽ˾ͽ֮󣬸ɽЩ鳤ǲû˵ʲôȥԪΪ۵ĻᣬҲûзԡ
ȴԪ·ǿֻһ˵壬Ǳӻ֮
۵Ȼˣĸȴûǣ˸ɽû˵ʲô
ٴԪشص֮ʱ򣬽ʣһˣɽЩ鳤ǣŶڵϣʧ
Ͷ̫ԴȻ׷ȴԲʿˡ
ոɽ뷨ֻҪ۵һãȥƽϢ֮ļңȻѵˣγʡ
ڣȴ˷Ϊһ׵׵ķˣҲΪЧˡ
ɽа룬ѵҪԼ֣ƽϢ֮ڵļ
ɽԳֵĻȻۻЧϣȴ֪һ£һɱ¾̫ص䣬ǲܵйӵġ
ۣɽȴû뵽ϡ
ֻһѵѣȵзļ񶼱ɱˣ۰һֱӷ̳ݣֱҪ
ɽȷ۶Ϊ˺ĽӰˣȴҲֻǺӰˣԶҲĳΪȫģΪɽûֿܡ
ãɽӵ˵벻㱻˷
ޱĵ˵ͷ
ɽ˵ΪҵĴ룬ѧľ裬ҲѧҵĽΪڱ֮󣬻ɱķʽȫĽû뵽лҪ
ɽĻڱıɱ
Ҳ֪Լһһ棬ɽЩ߼鳤ǣһȺ˽ˣԼ׷ˣɽȻٿԼһۡ
ԼˣţҲһʲô˵ķˣҲЩƣΪʲôʱԼɱ˲ϹѵԼ˵
ѾʧȥеһУ£Ȼʧȥʱ֪ԭԼ
Ӧ֮ûõһˣһͨʿҲ׾ٵɱ
ǰĵˣԺҲᾡȻΪʲôأ
۵ûκα飬ֻǻеʽĻشҲûɱɣ
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ʲôҲˣȻȥֻҪԸһ·ĻԸⱰ΢Ļȥ
˻湻ģϣɱˣƫƫۣûоԼǹĳ裿
۵ͷû˵ʲôɽҪɱ˿ֵˣֻгĬ
ɽ˵ȥɣԺ֮Ҳûκιϵˣ
һ
ģͻȥɡ
۵ͷ˵õġ
ҶңЩ꣬ҶҵЩû裬ҶҲΪĴڶ󣬲Ϊʢļ֮һ
ԼصҶңҶҵ˻Լ
뿪ʱۻعͷԸɽ˵ˣһ£ԪУǸַѾǵ֮򣬲˼ѲȥĻպ˱ȻԵѡ
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ǲɱַˣ
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վڸɽϵϣַʲôݲҪȴһҪַ˵ǼݣɽԵס
ʮǰѾǿɽѾһЭ飬ɽԺ󻥲ΪС
ڸɽУɽĴһֱһĲɽǩ˺ԼƻԼĻᱻָʧš
һͬˣֻҪַ˵ǼɽѾˣԹȻԼΧɽˡ
ĵɽѾĸ󻼣ǸСϡ
óĿ˵Ժ󣬱ȻľʱҪ˵ûѹˣ
Ǻ䣬Ҫһ˵ۣ֪ЩΪʲôսŰ𣬾Ϊ̫ڶΰܸԪǸС֮󣬲ŻὫһСϵĸ󻼣ųˣԶҲ֪޵ôһ¡
û˵һֱǰλ̸һеĳʮ־أڲŷ֣ԭɽһĿˣһˣȻ½ˡ
ַһΪµĵˣһ㣬Լ壬λ԰ȴʲôҲ塣
۵һζԸɽʧȥ𾴣Ƿ֣Լǰη˸֪Լη˿Ȼˣľȴһ˺ü

ۻصҶҵʱ˶ӵĿ⿴е˶֪ǰۣһļ
ˣԺһɱˡ
ҶҼƲҶһЩ΢еȨūҲһ䳰Ŀ֪ʲô̬
գۻҶҵʱĸ׶Ҫ˳ӭ
ڣȴûһļͬĸֵܽãϵ߳Է˵ԭδ۴˻ˣֵʧԶӭѽ
ż֮µЩֵܽã۲ûзŭ֪ŭҪʵġ
ֻһˣҷŭĻЩֵܽñ˹ڵأԴƨϼš
ҶҲһĳĿޱȷ⣬ֱ˶ǵĶӣֱ㶵վǰҶһ˿ŭ⡣
ۿ˶Է˼Էڵ¹ǰ¹Ϊ֮ĵһţڣȴʲôҲǣҪ¹
ۿĸףһϵĹȥͬТ
ڹϰУԳ¹飬ۣǲϹδ̳ˡ
ڽʱֻĸףĳǶ¹ȴûйԱ¹һ˵
ȴʲôҲǣһūŶ磬ȥпڷԣһҪҶ¹򣬲Էʩһڷԡ
ҪҶ¹򣬻ҪıҶҼκκѾЩֵܽöҪϣҪȻҶͻҽɱ


622  ׳
ɽƺɱǸļ񲻸Ȥ
ԸĻ޺˵Ȥ飬ǽѾʢµĻᣬƽɽһѾʵвһȺĿļһ
׷꣬ǵһĳһˣ˵ĵˣ˵ݲһļѡ
ʵѵĻԺ󣬶ҡĸ𣿡
һᣬҸԼͷ­ĻڲõĽ׼ɵ߸ԵĴ
˲һѵ
ͷ˼һиǲŵַ㽻֮ʱַ˫ӡ
ûǸµĻɽҲֱҪǱʢѾϧһд۽Ǹˡ
ʲôǰǼɽֱµ
ÿ϶Ŀ˵ˣɽڽһûзʢǵ͸죬ɽѾѾ͸ķˡ
ɽ͸ǶеЩˣȰһΣΪӪȴˣɽ治ϧ¶ǱʢڲԵףشľɽλص䣬˭ҪĻɽôóôĴȴˣ
˵ٵҲ¶˼ģһֱ˱ĳ٣һ˵ҲΣա
ɽѾ˽ʱ͸ڲһΣѾԵȴȫ¶ɽѪֵ
ٻЩףʵ²ףһսոշɽԵױϹӪʢɽмľ룬ΪʲôʢЩѾǷӦô죿
ܼ򵥣˵ʢһλλݽѾ죬ӵٻϵȨЩѾǲŻô̵ʱѸٵķӦ
׳
ɵþ뵽һ˵
зѾУɽʵΪǿ󣬵ɽȴڼʮǰǩһܺԼǾ˫Ժ󻥲ַ
ʮɽȷûͻҲֻǱѣӽǰʼɽ㲻ֶεڲ͸ļ
͸ûмϹ
ĽǣҲѹܴɽ͸ڲԵףЩԵǶǵϵ¼ǴϼϵʵʱȺϼ
ʢԱȻҲץ˼ɽԵףȴû鵽ֻ֪ɽĶʢڣɽԵס
ʢԱҲζɽĶʵʩץͽ޹
ɽԱصʵ̫ʢԱŬ鲻һ˿
ʢĲٽҲ֪ɽȷһǱʢǣ˽ĽǣǾηĳƺɽΪ׳
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ʢھƤӵ¾˵ˣҲֻλдԵĶ׳ˡ
ȫѾ׷һɳʢǣץԱʢǷ˹ȴûеõйһϢ
Ҷ磬ﶼ·ɿˡ
ǰһսĴ£ɽԵ׼ȫɱ⣬ȴţ׳ӦòڱɱķΧ֮ڡ
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ͷԸ˵һΣ˼ȻǸ飬ǾһҪץס˳ϣҳ׳Ȼãǵĵȴǣɱļ񣬼סжҪŹκһɵˣɴɱҲŹ
ȻԲɱôģΪɱˣʢö̫Ļ˻᲻
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鼫пܣѾҽڽȫȨ£һҪҳ׳ԱֱӿƣסκɵƽܷŹɵĹ壬ҲҪնɱ
һټ˵Ĺ壬㲻ǹ壬ǺĹУҪԸĶԸǡ

ַɫԴ۵֮ʢַ죬ȫǵʿлܿҰսвеؼ׾
Щؼ׾ңؼףǿԵֵĹ
ֻϼʮĻַȻʰǣַ㱻ǧؼ׾ΧĻɱΧȴѰ쵽
ԪУַԼʮʿܴԡ
֮ǧؼ׾סʢǣһٱ¶ĻϹΧģ㲻ǧؼ׾ˡ
ʱ˿ַ̣֪֮еʵжǿˡ
֮ǰȥԪûЯؼףʱ۴Ͻؼ׾ĻҪ˵ľûκϣֵܹ֮ˣԪҲûκ֮Կ
ַҲµؼ׾ںҲӦоУϾʵľҲǺܺġ
ʢڣľѾܲˣַȻҲΪԼǿ󣬵ȴҲƾԼɱؼס
Ҳʮֳأǰһսߵʮˣȫľɱ
Щȥͬʬ壬򱻹˳ͷչʾڡ
ΪЩͬĳ٣ȴĿͬʬ屻ʢǵĳͷʿ裬ȴʲôˡ
ַһǣ߹ɵİοַ˵˲صģһסĶļǾǣܵĵطʢؾһʱỹҲ
ò˼죬ͻ뵽취ʹ˳ǵġ
ַ˵ͷսǱѺľռֲƾһܹ֮쵽ģʹҶ磬ͨսǱԪˡ
ǵļʢＫֻҪԼҶһߣļҵҪҲʲô¡
ЩѾǣԷɢټʢͷ
ַҲĳʢ죬ΪЩ͸ѾΪԼ
ֻҪԼһ뿪ҲͰȫˡ
һΣץԼһֱԼǺĵˣǲŹκץɱԼĻġ
߰οԼַЦЦ˵ǼֵܣʵҺġ
˲ЩԴǱ뵽ʢǣͲԼ߿ˣЩֵнĽ֣Ҳǵ֮С
⼸죬ַλᵽһжˣ˵֮ʱǶǸжʮ㡣
ַҲ֪ʢʿȫΧͬͨһ㣬ǸжˣʲôֶΣܽԼͰһʢͳȥ
֪Ǹ羿˭


623  Ů
û˵ַҲû˼ʡ
ַĿ䵽Ҷϣ˿̵Ҷȥǰ߹ŵĳȹƽ˲Ŵӷ׾ȹ
ǴƽķװȻ˹ɫ
Ҷ罫ͷ߸𣬲ԼһģҶĸüĿ㣬ԶԶȥһƯС
ͨƽŮĴֲȹ·ȻȥᲢۣɫҲǵǳɫ
ĵСȴһ˷ܵı顣
ôǵһδƽ·ûиеԼƽ·жôǣһּΪ̼ĸо
ıȽϷ·ֱȽխСʹزӹĹңǰ㣬Ҫ¶ѽµ
زۣʹַ֮ʣɵö࿴ķزۣѾͷظȻ
κμˣһҲ䵽ظڶ۲䵽ĽСϡ
ѾͷظȻ̻вʶŮУȴǳ̻֮⣬زһŮˡ
һƽ·֮ǦȥǸһСұĸо
ҶȣĲǼΪزȴɻΪ˵
ַԼ˫۾䵽ԼزҲɵķ˵ĺΡ
ȴûջı飬и̵ģʵ˿ֻҪ뿪ַ㣬ļҵʵȻܱӻܵǰǳҵǣ
ȴʼû뿪ַ㣬ûһ뿪ַĴ㣬һУΪַж
һ˴Ҵҽ󣬵ʮСԺߵĶ߶˼䣬ߵɫʱһ䡣
ַߵ쳣ʵǲǷʲôˣ
дؼ׳һ
ѵǵݱ¶𣿡
ҲһҲֻһм飬ɣֵС˴ܵ뿪ȥݱܡ
߲Ըһ뿪ַ㲻ɵüͷȻ˽ⲻ࣬˶ԷһƾֱҲ˽һʮ־ˡ
ƽʱҲɱ޹Ϊ׷ɱԼ᲻һУκɵŹ
߲뿪ֻ»׶༪١
ַһǵģ߷οַ˵˲õǵİȫⲻһмˣÿ¶мм顭
Ҿһôؼףм򵥣һ뿪ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ǵأҶСԺҳֵʱ䲢ֳ֮ľֺܻң⵽ңһ˶ûеĻЩ˵ĻɣֻҪһ뿪Ҳ֤ݣ㲻ὫЩô
ַһҲǣһǼƽľۼأסڸҲֹһһ鲻ˣӦûȥ
ַ֣ص˵Լౣء
ַҶȥıӰ߿Цһ
ؼ׼ȻһǶٵõһϢǰеѾ˵̰ǡ
ԼߵʮַһߵĻĿ̫󣬷ѡ
ߣĲ鵽ĻҲߵ˵ֵһΪַƽӮʱ䡣
ַߺ󲻾ã߶ߵһ˵뿪ܵڳ׷
˵˵ͷȥִߵȥˡ
Щ˶ɽѾǰݶǼǧƬ½ϣһֱΪƽȣƷͳζŬ
еУʢԵΣյģ֮ǰѾ˱֮ġ
Ҳֻ֪ҪܵڣڵߣҲҲַȥ
ǵݱ¶Ҫ뿪ʱĻˣȻԥִߵ
ֹ˰Сʱؼ׾ӿ˽
ԺӲ󣬼ؼ׾һվСԺΪ׵һһ˵Щȫץ
Щؼ׾£ʮ߲ûеֿǱѺǰ
ЩѾ뼸ǰսЩ˲ͬǵݱǳļ
ǰһս¶ĶǱھԵףΪЩؼײ÷ʲôЩ˲ûз
ߣҲ֪ЩѵصؼǰǵķҲûκô
װʿЩϼһ飬صǰ˵Щ˸ÿ˵İ㵽֮䡣
ͷ˵ͨļƽôǿ
ûȵ˵ѾߵĽǰ˵ҽʢĴ󽫾Ҹòİɣ
ߵûκνŵı飬Ǻܴݵ˵ȫǵ˶ʶմ󽫾С϶ô᲻ʶأ
ͷ˵ܺã˵ǽȥˣ
󽫾ῪЦ˭Ƕ֪ô֪˲صˣ
Ҵ˿ЦҶվŵǼʱ򣬸ῪֲЦЦȷһйϵŻ㣬ͬϣҲҪҿЦʵʵ˵
һ֪Լֻº˵ˣ̧ͷʵʴ󽫾˵ǲ֤ݣ
Щǿ֤ݡ
󽫾ѵй涨Ͳ𣿡
һĮ˵ȷû涨Щ˸ǿ󣬵ֲΪЧǶһƫƧĵطҲŻỳɽѾйϵ
ԭ󽫾ֻǻɣϧĻɴ治ķ棬ò֤ݵĻ뿪
¶һ˿˵ȷû֤ݣⲢ˵û֤ݾͲɱˣ
󽫾ӸλȻķ棿
Ӧ֪ķֻΪЩƶģǹڷ֮ϣҸһλᣬ˵˵˵䣿
Ȼҡҡͷ˵˵ˣʲôҲ֪
ͷ˵ɱ
δ䣬ǹ̽ʮ󺺵УЩҲںУȺѪС
ƴˡ
߱ǰûбǹţԺĴȫǹȴû¡
еֵܶԼǰ߷ŭˣһȭ
ֵ߳ĹУЩؼ׾ûг֣ں֮£ǿɵɱߣȴûгֵ˼
Щؼ׶սʱѵģ˽ǵĳٵ⣬Ҳ֪ǰȣ̫ԶЩؼײûκηӦ
ҡҡͷ˵ѣҪ˵˱˽ʮ㣬ǵһǿҲɱߡ
ѪսѾʹΪͬ޵еǿߡ
һȭҲһȭȭһ̣ڵľȫȫȫϡ
߻ϣ岻ܿƵˤ˵ϡ
ŽϢԽԽߣ˵ЩѾ֮ʢ棬ǵֶζô˲ԸǣֻҪָĻԽЩѾȫɷĩ
ߵеͫͻȻŴʱףԶԶǵ
ֻҪĶȫĻЩصѾûа취ʢһġ
ǰʢûеȫԸǣǲܻڣڣȫһЩʢҲû˲֮ء
ԭû࣬ǸԶȻǿڿʼԸˡ
ھߣ˵ѣ


624  ʥŮԤ
棬س岻ɵøܵһ˿⡣
ڲŸոս죬ô͸һ˺ĸоأѵҪ
Ӫַһ֮ķ֮֯ĺԼѾʧЧˡ
ԼɽһͬǣҲҪӭˡ
֪ж˻ҹУ
ʮǰһλ𾴵߶˵ĻҹѾ٣컹ܾԶ
Ϊ仰ԼһڵĹɽѾΪɽĶɽһصһˡ
ܶ˶֪ɽһƯŮȴûм֪ݣǺʷɽĶ
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ʮǰŮ㿪ʼˣȫӹӴɽ⻬ʥԵƯŮسɵЦ
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һʼżλ֮Ϊλͬ۷Ϊ˷ܶһ
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Ҳ˳ʢǵʱ򣬻ĶˣһСıпĿܡ
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ַԺһٷ֮һǿ۵ȷԼԭȵжϡ
۵ĻеɽǿǣҲسİ£ԼΪصĴ۾ȳַ㣬
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ַ㣬ʢҲΪַ㣬Ϊ˽ֶַԸۣĿġ
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سǺʷ£ʢӵкܴȨַ۵ֱ˾ַ֮󣬾ѾʼƿʢһУ׷ʢǡ
Щ꣬سֻǶԹĲƿյĶһЩԾӣȴȱ㹻Ŀ
ַҶҪĸϣѣҪַͳȥƽ͵ɽȴ
ûȥַ㣬ȥһˡ
ͨˮĸӦӨԲˮϣһ»ƽףһͷڷƯŮ
ˮȻӨˮڵŮȣȴҪѷɫ˺ܶࡣ
Ů͸ʥĹâκοŮˣᱻϵĸɾȾмŮˣоŮ·͸ྻ覵ġ
ۺˣһĳ׵ŮǰеԲλࡣ
سΪԼһѵˣʲô˶ʧȥԼѣûһ˿覴õģʱǸеԼԶԷ
иΪŮĹ壬Щ壬Ůȣǹʺ
ͻȻȥʱҲɽδãڼһ˲䣬һı
ԤԺŮߵ·֪ߵĻҪԶ
֮ҲпΪŮĴڣδеĴ䡣
Ů۾سԾĽͷͷ˵ǵļƻѾҵĸϣһʱ֮ҲҲȻġ
úģо˵㵣ʲôأ
س̧ͷһ羴ĿˮŮ˿̸һ뷨ŮҪȺĵɽɾ
ҲȸɽʸסϹ£ҲسԺڷܶĿꡣ
سһǵ˵ǱسǵĻ뽫ͳȥҲʲô£سǵһ޵е˲ʢĽʿң˵ؼ·ĵطûκԻ
ŮҲسĵǣɽǩ˺ԼЩ꣬˫֮Ĺϵ̫ƽɽҲûж̹ؼ׾
Ѿ֯ȴµؼ׾仨ˮٱʵǿѾ֯ν֮󣬸Ǳɢɾ
Ҳ˵ǸˣسǵĻַҪͰʢӳȷһ׵顣
һʼҲᾡְأԺиַҲԳųǷиʱӳ졣
ȫʿ޽ǲ᷸СƵĴġ
ַ֮ǿҪͻΧĻҲһеĶǿߣȴŮ
ַԸһҶ·
ַҶƫƫ޷ͻΧҲһ˿ɫ漴̧ͷ˵һᡣ
س֪Ҫʲô붯ԼԤΪַҳһͻΧİ취
ǰڵԤδԤҪԼΪۡ
ܺãȴͻȻȥҲλ߶ζԤйء
˵ȥ־£ӵԤˣ˶١
سҲ֪ÿһԤʧʮ֮ȻнǧҲסڡ
سֹɽǧ˵䣬ɽˣҪ쵼㲻⶯Ϊ۵Ԥ
˼Ѱ˼ʮˣɽ˵̫ҪˣȻҴӦ常ԺٶܣҲܵĻλ˱֮Σ˵Ԥһδʧʮˣȴص顭ʮ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
ûжس˵常Ҳɽ䣬Ԥ˶ʮ˽ľġ
£ԤһδҪ۵ʮ
һΣ常Ԥ˼ʮ֮󣬾Ȼһʧһٶ
λ䣬ԤַشĹϵλҲΪ˲֪֮صܶ䡣
λȴߵĺܿģ뿪ʱ򣬿˼ʮ֮֮Уδ֮䡣
֮ʮڵļڿʼˡ
常ȥΪλô࣬λΣգȻܽԼ常ȥѵѪȫ׷ϡ
ʮѣᣬʮҲ㲻ʲô
ˮڣ۾Զգ
س˵˵һ˫۾˫۾ʥ࣬˭ˣжĤ֮ġ
ͻȻ䣬سɫˡ
˫۾ͻȻð˿Ѫߣ۾лӡ
ˮڣһ¡
ҲԼֻΪλԲ֪֮صıһ·˫۱һϹˡ
˹Ȼ򵥣ԼӵԤ֪δȥԷ
Ƿ֣ղһСᣬʮҪԤεܺͶҪࡣ
ϸ¶ƣ֮ɫ
һᣬŲ۽ǵѪ˵ӲĻȷûκϣʢѾһµȫȫĿܣЩ˽̷ʢǵķдһȱڣȥЩ̷ֻλ˲ܻ
سͻȻ
УԣˣЩ˽̷ˣΪѾķչܶʶϸƣˡ
ѾյĵϣܶƷѾʮϡȱǮҲ򲻵Щǲ˴˽ŵĵ
Щ˽˵ûǴ򲻿ȱڵĵط
Щ˽֮˴ΪǱжǿǴ󲿷ֶȨǹһ
ֹͨʣ˵Ѿĵıȡ
ŹĴСȨִǣطߣ˽ŵϷһڣһ𷢲ơ
ڷʢ֮ʢĺܶʸ˲ȥЩ˽Ľп죬ʢЩȨԱǣҲһʺܴ롣
ˣ˽һ취ͨʢĻģΪطߣ߾еĽǣҲᰵ֧Щ˽ŵΪ
Ȼ̰ƣɫµĽǣȴδضһ࣬Ȼ˵ĳȥȻҲȥ
ֻҪͨ˽ŴͨؽڣͿԽַ㣬Ҷˣоյͳȥˡ
سͷ˵֪ôˡ


625  ־ʿ
ַ㰧̾û뵽ȻЩ˿еĶ磿
Ҷүһ˵ӦýʷΪ׳Ŷԣ
ûַҶôĸп뷨һ򵥣ϲַ㣬˲Ÿַ㡣
һʼ뵽ַһԪˣԺҲκεĽ
̲סϲַ㣬ΪԼϲоԵһûнİ
ˣֻǶسдԵݸе棬ѣûб뷨
ַҶҲ룬سΪʷ½ԺȨĹԱ֮һѾӵȫˡ
ȻеĶˣΪʲôҪѾأѵѾܹ
ַǲɽһ棬ᳬܸҫǹ壬ûɳԼĽ׼
Ϊǰ˺غ˲źܾˡ
ַҶ˵سЦһɽͬǽ磬ʢļһȴϰ߽Ҷ׳ʵҽʲôνֻҪ֪Լʲôˡ
ַ㷴ʵȴ֪㾿Ϊʲô
벻Ϊʲôɽɣ
ַ֣صĵ˵ͷسΪ壬ʢȨƵһˣܸһĵĸ
ȵȥ֮ˮɵĽΪʷʷ֮һܺ˾
ȴѡһ˭벻׵һ·ַŻ벻ͨ
س˵ҼɽһһδܵõκκôвԼȻԼѡ񡣡
ַĵʵвźúõٻȴĪ顣
ȷԼѵеţı̬
ʱ޿̲ڴӵ⣬س򲻰ϵٻϣǺԥѾ֯С
ȻǼɵѾȻһȺˡ
س˽ʳȴȥؤҪѵԴ
ַ㵱ȻὫе뷨˵ͬʱҲ
سԴĻԼ鷳ͲֹԼˡ
Լسʷ׼ԴҲ벻Լ˿ںȨƵʷ˵ĸ͡
ֻҪ뿪ʷԼӦǰȫġ
ַȷףʵʵ˵ҺʷΪʲô
ȻΪһ롣
ʷΪһʲô룬أ
سߵ˼ʮǰλߺͰģָǰһиĿ
سΪ壬ʵȴھм䳤ģЩļ࣬Ҳǵϲŭ֣ΪЩƽʱҪЩЩνĹ߹󡭡
벻سһ֮ͯ꣬ԼѾҲͬйأЩַ㵹Ҳͬس˵
ͷʱ䣬ЩҶǰĶ棬ǹ
ʵϣЩȴûһļһ¶⣬ҶҲǹ壬ǵȴܸߡ
ǸַȻûʲôøУվ˶ϣҲ϶Է½ľӢ֮һ
ַͷ˵ÿ˶Լ·Ҫߣһʷ˵ʲô
½ϴĲƽЩĺǧǹ壬ʲôȴеԴ˵ŮζʳӦоУЩǣһӣȴԼһ˶޷һֱΪ粻ӵġ
ֱʮǰһλߣλ߸ңƽȣҲȨϣҲһõܽĻᡭ
ĺҲӦͨһܶʱҾλһϯéٿԥļǸ֯
ַףسΪʲôϡһУҪһеѾˡ
ԭΪһͷű˹׼
ַа̾سʮǰߣǵ˰˱ӵѪù
λߵĻسҲ̫̫ƽƽһӣ֮ţԺ˭˺䣬Ҳһһ𾴡
ʷҲأʷϣһλʮʷˣľ
ڣȴпܱѾǣѣյ³
ַԳЦЦ˵ðɣ֪ԼԶɲʷ֮Ƕǣֵֶ֮˵־ʿֻΪԼúһЩܶ
ַ˵ҲʵΪԼûسҲΪһһУһӴԿ
Ҳͬƽȵһ񣬾ΪԼļݶƲԼ
һλ壬ҲʶԼĹжô˲
ֻʵжƽȵسһУΪ
ܹڷ׷׵УһýڲٵˣسΪһٻ׷־ʿ
ַȴΪԼȲˣҲ־ʿ
ԼļֵۣΪߵԼܹĸãʱһЩֵŸسļ֡
سΪеѺԼʹľܵΪԼľ壬ȴΪƷ
ַˣȻΪسȡ
ַ뵽س׸ĸ˫ҲûʲôȽϽ壬ҪȻҲʱ䵽ͨˡ
Ψһд˾ͽңҲ壬سȻûʲôˣ˺Ҳ̫ܵ
ַسȴ֪Լɲس
ַ˵Ļس¶˴㵵ı顣
ʮǰصλߣ㿴˼ʮ˳֣֮еļһ
ǰˣȴԼԼߵŮˣʲôˣʲô鶼ġ
ѵλߵ꿴һЩ£
뵽λߵΪԤһУ˶٣ղΪ˴ˣҲǲϧ٣Ϊҳһ·
ˣ񲢲²࣬Ѫǰ׷ˡ
ֳЩַ㻻һ˵֪ʷΪʲôңΪ˾ҶôˣѵΪ˾һ˶ôˣҲй𣿡
ȻйˣˣΪܻȥٶҲֵõġ
ַɫ¶˴㵵ıԼˣԪ֪ܵģҲֻۣҶ˶ѡ
Լ֮󣬲ûʢﴫԼԪˣûнϢй¶ȥ
Щ죬ҶҲһֱһҲû¶й
سȴ˵λߣڶʮǰԤϵԼĵԼԪǣǿĻҲܱˡ
˵Լܸ½ַԼ˵
Ԫˮ֮УԼ߾ȫǿʹԼԼߵ˲˺
Ԫÿ춼дȥ
Լһ֮һǵҶ磬һΪɱۡ
ѾϣҶҲ˸ԼĺĴ㣬ֻҪսǱܹٴãԼʹҶ緵Ԫ
û½ϣһȺָĴ㡣
Ȼ֮Ҳǵһ֣Ԫ֮򣬲ǲһԪռ֮ڰˡ
ȴһ˽ˣ½Ҳû̫ĸ飬ȻһȺķ
ԷȻȴûɽ빲뷨պɱΪЩΪֻһˣַŲƭسžʵʵ˵
ʷˣҴˣҲУܹǸˣ


626  ɽ
سַһ˵ղһϯҲΪԼȴˣ䲻ῴ㣬ҲῴȻ˶ῴ಻ȴˡ
ַ㾴سƷҲΪԲһе硣
ҲˣǸ½Ҫġ
ַȴ֪ԼˣһеѪе˽һˣоԼһӵڽ̰һһ𣬵ȷû̫Ĺͬԡ
ҲԷΰˣԼȴСĴڣھϣԷһˣպпǧ֮󣬳Ϊ˾ʥˡ
ַȴˡ
֪ʥҪ޴۵ģʱҪԼİˣԼܶԼˡ
ȻһӵһеͨˣֵĻһΪ
Ʒϣسͬϵӥһ磬ԼֻһֻСϣǵһСƬϡ
һ̸ҲԵԽԽȻζ
֮سַ㣬ѾźһУǳˣֻҪ˳ǣɽĴӦǡ
ַ㵹ںɽ˵ĽӦ棬ֻҪԼɽߴ֣ؼ׾ٶ࣬ɽɭУҲҵԼ
سڶ̶̼֮ڣ㰲źһУַԷĻ
ҲֻУһʮ۵ˣ˿Ȩգɽδػ򣬸Ҫ˵λʷˡ
سƫƫô̵ʱ뵽˰취ַ㻹ΪԼҪĸסһأ
ַ㲻ʵڷڳǣǲǷ̫ˣ
س͵سǵĻҲȽɵľ棬سǵ˽һˣسǵĻһ꣬ĶҲκεи
ȵǷиٳȥǳ룬Ȼ취
ַһڳһ¥Уһ󸹱㣬͹Ĵӡ
ַ֪˵֮а룬ΪʲôеļŴǣһֵַأ
òԪУĩǰĴԱǣһѵҲ˵Ĺԣ˵ǶǴĩǰԪԽģ
سܹô̵ʱҵ˽ţ˰µĸȷЩԼϡ
س˽ŵԼǣַܿ뵽еȷֻҪ㹻棬ϵȷҲû˽ǲҸɵ顣
ַжسӾ壬벻̵ʱ䣬˽Žͷ
س̵ʱӦ뵽ͨ˽ţԼͳ˵ĴǣԼлĶࡣ
ԼԸʶ㣬ڤ˼ô죬ȴû뵽ְ취ͻΧ
ַ㲢֪ǣܴͰʢҳһ©سģɽŮ䣬ʮóʢΨһ
֮ǰسѾ˵˽׵Ĵݣʣµ̸ֻǼ۸ϸˡ
سûжʲôֱ˵ǮҪֻҪܹƽǣҶԸ⣿
һķͻȻһ£ʢǱΧͬͨһ㣬ܶ˽ŶΪ˶˲·
ȴͨܵܵɹһͨʢһϡزԶԶϵ˳ȥ
ڿַ㣬Ҷʱ򣬱黹˱仯Ȼͻû˵˵ݣȴоⵥΣա
ҶȻױλڲԹɫӣǿŮװ
Ӹ˳ĴΪʲôʢΧɫøѿˡ
һ˵Ǯ⣬ⵥ⣬ǲӡ
سͷϱһң˵仰ֽͷϵĶժ
ӽһۣ㱻ݺסˣܳǰˣӲɵʧеʷˡ
ԴӽӴصĴͻ֮һֱڲ²Ǹͻݣȴ֣ǰв²ⶼ´ˡ
ʢƵʷˣȻ漰ּù˽˵ȥֻ¶û˻ţȷе˼
ҲȷиղŵĲ´⣬һǮҲȻҪǮҪ
سͷ˵ʶҾͺá
ʷ˸ԼСˣѵҽй¶ȥ
˽һеĹأҲ֪ǶһȺʲôˣǵãٻŵġ
˽˵С£ʧȥȴǴ¡
е˽ţرί˵ݣΪ˶ҲὫί˵й¶ȥ
ԴĴϣǵѾ֡
ֻеʱЩѾǿһЩʱһЩз˽˽⣬Ҳʢꡣ
Щ׿˽ţǾӪǧ֮á
˽Щͻǣܶ඼ĸ߹٣һǵϢй¶ȥЩ߹ٱضѡ
ܹҲ˽Źе֮ء
ǰӸĲţʷ˽ˣȴûй¶ͻϢ顣
Ӽ˵ⵥǲӣҲй¶ʷ˵ݣҲӦûⷽã
سûлشӵĻ֪˽ϲʲôΪ˽ǮʱᲫ˽ǽԴڿϵΣе
һ֮ԲԼóĳ벻
سϵĳʵϣϲûһ㳾ӡ
Ȼ˵һң
仰ϵķϵķҲ˲ʽĶȻسһڵҸסˡ
¶ķְۣ·ҪγˮܲͻȻúܺ档
иǰ͹ۻķһѵĳ嶯ԼĻδԵЩò
и¶˾̾ı飬ǰͬһɽһ㣬ôֵֵز
ֵƤȴֱãƺܵγˮ˼
˼УȻʢ˽ţȥ˸Ȩһ֣һܵõʮҾ൱ˡ
һʮܺ͡
Լĺ谮檣εҡҡͷ
һڵȻһ޷֣Լһ˵۾Ե̫ˡ
˺ôһᣬŵֵסһҵջ󣬲ҡͷܾ
سϲû̫Ĳ˵һγۣڣ
ʲô
ӵϣϵķĸˡ
ڣδʮˣԼһ⣬Խ˽ת֣ԼԺҲ뽿ް檣Ҹˡ
˽Ǽù⣬Ȼ˵˲⣬ҲкܶţȴҲΪ̨ĵ̨ҵ³
飬ҲΡ
ڼʮǰһԱ̨εĹԱԱˣѧչѪȵϴ
̨Աֵ֧һ˽ţҲǣ˽ȥ
˽ŵĸǧɢűסһȴΪ˱һƶϴˣϰ׬һУҲȫ˽ȥ
Щ꣬˽ͬͶˡ
Լһ⣬ԹˣպҲùĵˡ
Ӳɵöˡ
ͬʱҲΪԼ֪࣬ǰλʷˣȫǵƽ񣬼ƺΪʷʷˣȴóڡ
ڵңسһٺ»Ҳôҡ
˵ҲֻǱ档
ֻó˴ңֻ֪Ǳʵȴһֻ档
˸ǿԳΪʷ̰һλʷˡ
س̰Լ޹أֻҪԼܽڵװУÿ϶Ŀ˵ɽ


627  Դ
ַ㣬ҶˣֱӵĻһصСǰ
СȻأȴҲرء
ǰСʢеŲֻͬвϹڵȥʢ⣬չ߲˵ʱŻῪȫǣ֪ŵ˲ࡣ
ȻȫǣǿԳԴı߲ˣƽǿԱʵʳ
ϹȴĹ͸ø߸ϣϹÿԲɿڵķ˵Ļһŭ֪жٿͷء
ΧͬͰʢΨһһͨСš
ӵĴ£һ˴żʮݻӣŲСš
ЩﲢûзκιصĶӵĿֻΪ˽ַͳȥЩӣ˶Ŀĵ߶ѡ
ոտСţһٱԶȵʲôˣϽ뿪
ӿ첽ǰΧһۣȥôΪǵľҲУƺЩͬ
Ѿͨľ٣Ȼ˺ܶİס
һЦ˵ǳȥ£и鳤дλǹĿ
ƽﾭ˽ȥľٻûü˵һӵ˵𣿡
и鳤鳤˵ĵܵܡ
˵˭ϣû֮ǰǸϽ뿪
ӸоЩԣСţʮˣûгκ⣬һжԵЩͷ
ǰ类ˣиû˸ҲˣƫƫͻȻ˺ܶס
е޷ǣЩ٣Ȼûһˡ
ӶϤľʹһɫٻ⣬˸뿪ˣӻͷַ˵ǲҪܣȥȥ
ַͷܲð죬뿪Ҳ취ͨؽڡ
һû˵ĵطӲõٵô£ûТͳ˰ɡ
˵㶫ȥ׬СǮҲΪԼҵĴ󲿷룬Т˸鳤ֵңǵҵĲ·ǵ鳤˵Ĳ·
Ҳһ˵ֻһССͳ죬ôҲϸˣҪ˵鳤˵·ˣֻо
ʲôʮ춼ԴȥΪʲô͹ȥˣǲͳ˶вĵطң
ҡͷ˵ϸô˵ǶֵܣЩ꣬ʲôʱΪ㣬ʵǽղͬˣҲŲҷϸȥ
ϸ绹֪ŵˣѾմ󽫾ǩ˾״ֻҪһ˴ǵС߳ȥЩսץûκιϵǶͷأҲˣŵһӷ˺üͬͳ춼£ﻹҷȥ
üͷ⵹װģȷеЩ鷳
Сʮ춼ܹΪʲôͲܹˣմ󽫾ôҲӦûὥſβŶԣմ󽫾ȴôܵԽԽˣ
ϸ粻֪Щӣһ˽ļһ߲˼ȱڽЩ˽ͳȥ֮˳һ߲˻Ը߳ƽһǧļ۸ڳۣƣΪֺմ󽫾߼һݣ͸մ󽫾մ󽫾õϢ֮ôģ
ô֪ôģϽѯʡ
ͳ̾һ˵Щӣڳ߲˲մ󽫾ĸҲһֱˣһͬĽ͸߲֮մ󽫾飬ѯ߲˵մ󽫾׷֮£ѣŸսǴӺϸ߼ġ
ӽӿڵѵսµ߲˼Ȼܴӳ˽Ķ˳ȥŲ鵽Сţ²𣿡
̾һ˵ϸ˵Ĳմ󽫾ڼ߲֮ûй˵óԣҹҵСţ²
ϸ磬һ˼ʮĲүж鳤߹ٵȴǵ˻ȥҿʱڣϸҲҪһˣ
иǣȴһı˵մ󽫾ץôӣʢǶҪˣȴһ˵뿪ʢǣҪС뿪ĻҲڶ֮ǰߵˣôȵڡ
ɲմ󽫾ΪץһǽȨ󶼸ˣʢȻԹڣսб˵Ļ˭ҷԣ
Ӳĵ˵ͳˣһ£ҽȥģһλŰ꽻ĴͻҲѻͳȥ᳹ʧȥλͻҶϵֻ֤Ҫһ⣬ʱڣ鷳ϵܣϵܿǹȥĽϣһΡ
ӵĻû˵꣬ٱһҡͷ˵ϸ磬ֻҪȥȥʲôǶͷأѰѽҿϸ绹İɣ
ӳĬ˺һᣬسԼǣֻҪַһǣسˣڵҲˡ
ʵϣسѾǱҽϣѵԼҪֵ˻ȥ
Ѿ⣬˽еһ⣬ֻҪһˣͿԹˡ
ַѾ˳ţѵԼһ
ͳˣͻ̫Ҫˣ˵ʮ죬ÿ춼ܳȥΪʲôͲܳȥأҪͻһҲһҪǸͻһ桭
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һ򽲾ʼգһҪͻϣһǧңֻҪϵܽˣЩǮˡ
һ£ߵֵܸ·ӣԼһζܾڵ˸
Ϊ鳤Ȩ۵λҪԺնˡ
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һǧңֻҪԼ߰ͳһˣûҲܵõһٶҡ
һ൱Լͳλϸһ롣
Ϊʾ޿ðһηҲֵã˵ˣԼ߰ͳǮֻҪڿһʣô֪£
۷Ź˵ϸǴ㽫Щң͸λͳ𣿡
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ٵ϶ʱ¶һ˿ŭɫԭǲԼģǮԼǰó԰
˵ٸ뷢ֻӼ˵һǧ͸һ˵ģﻹһǧͳһ˸Ƕ򡭡
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һǧңԭǸԼģһӱˣԼǵһǧͳ죬Ҳôҡ
Ϊ˵õЩңҪ˵Щ˳һˣҪԼȥɱ˷ŻҲֵá
ͷ˵ȻѰ죬һ취ϸɣҰ첻µĻһһῳԼԴϸ統ߣ


628  Ϸ
СŸձͣעǣҶҧ촽˵ͷǰҲһŵģԼݱϳ
ЩʿٵȻǿֻҪһ֪жʿϹؼ׾ҲϹһ˾Ͳѷˡ
ַûһʼһƵʮƽģ
̲ס˵ַûûΣüëˣôûһ
ַҲ֪˵Ƕ߶෴ѾͷԼԼע⣬ŹԳԼ
ƲԼĻ뿪Լˣ뿪ԼʢֻҲûж˻Ϊ
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ʵַҲеĵۣ붺Ҷ磬֪ҶһôЦŮ
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ַݺݵһۣزһСᡣ
ԪʮѾǳˣ֮򣬶Ÿոճ꣬Լֻһ꣬ôܸ֮˱ȣ
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ԼϷôϷˣڵСѾͷ̫ˡ
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ַȻЩΪʲôȫ뿪ȴ֪Щ˴˿ѾҪˡ
þη۹⿴ַһۡ
سȻû֤ʵȴѾµǰˣһͷЩӣ۵ƷʢǣҲҪҵǸˡ
ַ˿̣ȻһʮƽģаΣǰ򶨣Ͳһܹõ
һƺܳӹ壬Ժ᲻Ĺ׼Ĵأ
Լ콫ͳȥǲǵڱԼĽ׼أ
漴ȻˣԼȻǹ壬ԼһˣΨͼҲ쾭顣
ȥ֮ԼһҪǽһУԼӼˣԶʢǣҸСطһҾʵĹ塣
ʮ֮߰һصǰ
ʶľװģ˵ϸҲԼˣȻսоģǻģܲΪһЩľϸĲ·²Ϊ
֪ԼͳȥãҪȻԼղŵĻ˵ٿЩҲַ˳ȥ
˽ƣ뿪֮ǰȻϵĶЩٵлַ㣬Ҷ磬ԼʮΪĻ뿪Сš
Сַ֮㿴һ˵лˡ
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Ҳмʶˣ֪ؼײͬͨʿҲͬһҰսǺ᲻ɴݵһ֧ӡ
Դؼ׾ǧǰ齨һΪػĲܾãǧֻҪؼߵʤı嵽
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죬ͳõһʾ޶ĲƸȴûȥϵķͻȻĸˣҲ뵽ˣԼҲûǶڵˣ
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սҽȥ˽һŹȥãǧǵţй¶һͻݣѵΪҳΪǧһʧŵŸ𣿡
ɫ¶ʧı飬й棬Щ˽ţԼϸļɣЩ׿ţǧûзһй¶ͻݵ顣
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629  ˵Ĺͬ
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˵ʱƴ˵ũ޷Ტۣؼ׾ȣ͸ˡ
Ҫ˵ǣԼؼ׾סһʱ֮ҲԼὫСϣǰһˣȴ˿֪ʲôк£֪ʲôսܡ
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ԼӳʢǵϢ̫ãΪˣһ϶ԼڽΪĵˣһ᲻ֶεɱԼ
Ȼ󣬵ԼҪҵһ֮ȴҲѣԺԼߵؼ׾׷
ԼֻҪ֮ʱ̶֮Σ
߻Ůһؼ׾סĻֻƫƫսǱڶʱ֮޷ҪȻ⽫ҶһԪպȢһŶѡ
ַ˵֮ȫĵطѾĸݵˡ
֮Ѿ֯ɽһɽ־ԼҲԼ˽飬Ȼ֪Լ½ϣʮڼľɽľ㲻ܽԼôˡ
ַѹ˵һΣյĻǧ򲻿뿪̫Զ
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Ҷͷ˵ЩѾȻǵʣȴؼ׾̫ԶȻؼ׾Ķ֡
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֪ؼսһƥҲΪʹؼ׾ӵȫս׷ǵĹУؼױƥǿǲ˵ǵƥǿء
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ԼñǻƯֲǿΪʲô佱Լأ

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һ˵Ⱥؼ׾ڣʵȴһȺһؼʿ׷ңһУֻȡұܵɽϣƵɽ¶һʯǸؼ׾˸˸ˣؼ׾ӦѾһغˡ
ʵǣһؼ׾ĺ׷ǰƴܣĽȵһɶʯͷŽؼ׾ҵ˰ɽϡ
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634  һ
Ⱥһֱû˵ƴûûôһ֮ǰƿڴ
ֻǾʵλѵˣһ
ƴ˼ܶǶıµؼ׾ϵĻǾڳ֮ǰκġ
ؼ׾ϸļԣǷڴ֮ǰһؼ׶֮ǰǿ
ƴŶ϶ǵĲؼ׾
ַ˵ҡ
漴ַҶ磬һЩǰָŮװҶĿɿڴ
Ҷܵʱ·Ѿʪ͸ˣûüϴַ֮ǰսǱе·һһ
ǵѾ½֪ˣˣɽ˶Ѿ֪ˣҲüαװ˲ŻָŮװ
ĹСŮһ¶棬˵ͳͳ𾪵һ飬ЩûŮļǰʹԼݺݾ޵һѡ
Ҷһɫȹȵĳеȱ˫˵ıͦȣǽвʿѪĳ嶯
һɫȹ˫ȻҪҶһЩҲһЩ˫ȴϸеĴȣһֽĽȡ
˫ȻԲʵʹκ˼˾һѣЩѾҲϰ⣬˲ûǰһѡ
Ȼ֮ǰַѾ˫Ĵѣ˵ûӹַĶ֣ǲַ㣬Ȼַ
߸¡زĿ⡣
һЩƷλ˵Ҷ統ȻҪƯоҪʤһ
Щϲشδĵײ˵ԲԲƨزȴǵĿ⡣
ַҲϣҶһһ˶ɫ൱˵ƯŮ
ЩĻʽϵ͵ļ񹹳ɣоһЩѾľƽԼʱԼ˵Щ³Ļ
ŮʱʹͨͨԼԣԼ˵ЩֱɲĵĻǺ
ЩʿȻߣ˭ҶƯŮһӡ
˿Ҷָ˹ȥװŮվǰǸ뽫Լһչָǡ
Ҷ֬һĹ⻬СźۣȻ̾ЩȴҲʱɱʢ׽йŮĿںˡ
ЩүһľģﲻɵýЦ
СѾһи룬Լһ죬ҲһƯ˷ŮԼÿţϴ˲ˮУֻҪҹԼһͺá
СЩ˵ͷ죬ȻҲҶɫ𣬵ȴȷӦվ˵֣۲û°ɣ
ƴһ˵ؼ׾ҪɱĿˣ˽һսһɱʮࣿ
ַûµ˵Ҳûʲô˴ؼ׷ɱңɱʮ
ʲô˾Ȼ
ʮؼףˣ
ЩϹŲŵı飬ĹٱΪַڴţؼ׾ôǶؼսһֱʧ롣
һʧȻȴûؼ׾жʧ
Ȼһ˵һؼ׾ƵɽУؼʿˤ˸һ˵һؼʿôʯһؼʿ˸
Щ˭ˣһв˵Իɣ
ٹܴţģСȴܴţ˵ɱһؼףҲǿ˵Ĺȥ
ţҲҪи޶ȰɣЩʿҲ֪ؼѾļսУûһ
һսɱһؼ׾ͺˣСҲҽţƤٴһ㣿
СҲ¶ɻ֮ɫؼ׾Ǻɱﵣǧؼ׾Ӱװʧܾͻ
ǰ֮еѾ˴Լһһģǰս
һսУ䵱ȷıؼ׾
һսؼ׾Ȼʧ˽ʮؼʿӵִ£Ҳһ࣬˵ʧء
ҲǴһ֮ļװʼս㣬ֻ꣬һɫ
ַһˣҪεεĹСŮѵͣƾһ֮˰飬Լô͵أ
ˣ˲ŻַڴţƤ˵󻰡
ƴͻȻ˵˵ĻڷֵʱۿնɱؼףȻƬ֮䣬նɱؼףΪʲôͲնɱʮؼأ
СҲ˵ȻûпǳսҲһһģܹ۵նɱʮؼףʲô
еĹٱһҲǣ֮˹ϵĵһǿߣɽһƲۣȴҲ۵սʮ
Ϊѹɽ֮ʮ֯֯ǿսۣԻĵֿʿ
ʧǣɳǿߣɱۻһأ׷ˣʮѾɳǿߣȻûеõ۽ֵĻᡣ
ǰˣȴ۵ʵϣַ㣬ѾΪ֮֮һǿˡ
Ȼƾһ֮ɱʮؼȻһܵ飬Ǹ˽Ļһб˳ˡ
һٴеؼֻҪڣҲºĹӡ
ǣ֮ʦټǿɱЩؼףСһ𣿡
ַ㰵Щںŵëˡ
ԼɱʮؼףͿɱ٣ȫɱǧؼס
ʵȴһ£Լ˿˵ףһսȴþɣԼɱʮؼ֮󣬸۵Ľƣ
ԼǡӱߣҶ磬Ļ˵޵ĻԼ
Լ˵ĻҲˡ
Щ˿Ϊһΰ룬һΰ˲Żս޲ʤַȴΪ
Ҳ֪һûˡ
֮ҲΪʲôԶ룬ֻ֪Ҫ۲Ԫա
ԪطյĻַҲ¡
޵ǱǻĴϵֻ࣬ҪۻԪıǷ˳ǡ
ַֹ֮ҶİȫŲϧķѾ޴սǱ˴ʹԼ뵽֮֮С
ԼɲΪȺָġ
Сؼϼ̵ںڵĳǹҲǰԵ
˿ַ֪ʱһеʵΪôܰѻɱЩؼأ
һ˵Ȼƾս޲ʤֱɱȥЩӣɱ仨ˮˣ
ַ㳰˵֪ô֪ôã
ٱַ㲻䲻ȵ˵һ䣬˵Ȼ˱Ҹ֪ôˡ
Ҷ簵ַСҲƨԸҲˣ̶ԷԺûƨˣ
ǲ֪ǣַȻϲƨȴϲ˶ƨһֱַıƨˣƱˡ
ŶԱƨкĽģԷ١
ַûм٣߶˼еĿ֮󣬲Ŵݲȵ˵ֻؼ׵ĻȻŽɱȥЩؼйնһȫˡ
Ѿַ˵һ仰˷׷׽ҶñӵĿ⿴ַ㣬Цκ˶ܴţ
ֲַϲѾһԭЩ˶ϲţ
ʱؼףַҲûйնһ㽫ЩȫɱĶӡ
᫵ɽ·Уµؼʧɢ˽һ룬һؼףȻַɱûӴܡ
Ҫ˵ЩؼףһˣҲַܵˣǰַȴƫƫвĹ
ַȻҲҶӵ񣬵ȴû
Ȼǵô࣬ȻǲУֻȡˣһǿɱ壬¾ЩؼͶЩؼ׽ǵʱǾͿԳûȫնɱˡ
һٽе֮ʦôּùֶΡ
ٵĻû˵꣬˵ַûѻ˵꣬ͻȻһţߵٵĴƨϡ
ٵƨڰַһ֮ͬƤһ˰ɽ
˴ʧɫ벻ַȻԼ֡
ڰɽֱӣȻٱûˣЩٱǲһ
ȻףַΪʲôͻȻ֡
ַֻƽ˵ҸղһţҪһǸģʡ첻֪ԼмＸǰҹԴ󡭡


635  
ʵ磬֪࣬Ҷӽļǹĵ˲񽣣㵹ļɽҳˡ
ղͬڸ񽣣ֻҲ䲻͸Щؼʿϵף֪㻹ʲô취ã
ܶ˿ַĿһЩ仯
ǰΪַǿԼʵӮۣǾηַ㣬ǲַ֪շ۵õֶΣƺҲô
ַеĸߴͻȻ䰫С˺ܶࡣ
ղڰɽľѾ˵˵ֻҪ˸ЩأЩؼʿǣһֻķݡ
ַղŵһţԼҪѳɺüƨɣЩû˵
ַ㿴˵һαˣ֪Լܲ˵ˣ
ٲһ㾪ѾʣԼղʲôҲû˵ֻ룬³Լл˵
˾ǹôʲô鶼ܲ³
ַûһ㾪ιȥľ٣Ƕ˵Ȼа취֪˵ճûС
û˵
ûʶĴ涼û˵˵Ұ𣿡
Ȼҡͷ˵һû˵
ַЩε˵հ˰Ӫ˵˰ɣ
ʲô߰㣬ֳӪģʲôû˵ѵԣ
ַ̾ϢѾͷ͸òͦģȴû뵽äһ֪ѧУôʦѧʷģ
ﲻ˵ССҲʷ飬ȴû˵Щ߰ĶҶӽ㣬˵˵ЩûУ
ҶһȻ˵˵ЩʣһʷС˵
еôû˵бʷС˵û˵ʷǸҶӽ㣬ô֪һеģ
ַηѣԼ֮
ռ˵µĻŻ˸о˼أԼҲǼͿˣȻѾͷûЩս
ҶҲ֮ˣô˵أ
ַԴһת䣬ͻȻ뵽ҶȥԪԪУǱҲ֮С
ȴû˵ԼǸԪռ£һɳʵ׵Ů׷ʸͣ
һҶҲ֪λشˣҶԵͷ˵ȥǽַԪй¶ȥɡ
֮˼Ϊ⣬ֻҪЩѾɽַ֪һռĻǲַ㣬෴侮ʯؼɱַ㡣
ʷжʱ䣬֮һߵȼԪռ䣬Ҳǵһ̫͵֮԰һǧѪս
ǳսһ֮ںܶഫ˵УȻлйǳսĴ˵
֮УԪռˣһȺʮ֮ͽ
ɽλŮһֱַ㿴֮мľڵַ֪ʵ֮Ҳпַ㷭
ҶŲ˵
Ը񵥴ûȥҶΪʲô˵ֻǲͣ׷Ҷ硣
Ҳַ֪˵ЩԺηҲһעַҶ磬뿴ˣ˵һʲô
׷ʸַͣ㰵˵ͷѽ˵Ļѵ᲻˵
ȴһ˵ʵҲûʲô˵ģҸղ˵ЩʣֻǼһЩС¡
һҲǣ֮شﲩʲô鶼пַܷղ˵ĻճڣҰӪֻǼһЩ˵Ҳпܡ
ͻȻ
ַԪ˵ĵһǸʱҶŻͻȻͷȻԸй¶ַʵݡ
ȴԼɳܵϮ֣ϮţϮأ˱һ֮ĻᣬŹԷأ
ζ˵ļ磬һµĵطļ˻ճڣҰӪ֮⣬һкܶʹ°ɣ£һһ£
ַú޺޵Ŀ⿴ĵԼղûظˣ͵ɪǲǣðɣԺԼеǻᣬСظ
ַ֮Щ̫ƴһԲ˵ղ˵ʣûĻʶйأǲ˴û֮Ըؼأ
ַ˵ͷƴʱģҲܺã۲ŸȻС֮ϡ
ɽĵλȴȻСɽĹҲһȫǴˣûƴ˲š
Сǵ˵ؼʿ֣Ҫǣֻº
ַЦҵȻЩؼ֮һǵȷʵЩͨʿİңҪһǣϵؼ׷Լǿһ𹥵ĻЩ˴ؼףһ㡭
ƴҲЩʿϵǺϽɣһȼĻЩҪϵĲ¸ȣǲ뱻Լϵ׻ĻֻѵϵףֻҪؼʿѵϵףЩؼʿͬûϻ
Сĵ˵ŻĻҲӲȥ𣿡
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ַ˵ʵҲ뷨ȴƴǰ˵˳벻Ѿ֮л˲ţ
ַ˵ûֻҼƻĵһǧؼ׾ÿ˵İ㣬ȫϵףҲӦˡ
ֶַҶ˵ֻҪЩؼ׾ףǰùԷˡ
ﻶõúѽЩƤļһһ·Ͻ׷ɱĺòңһΣҪʳ
һ˵Ӯ˺ܶ˵Ļ
ַ㣬Ҷ磬ﱻؼ׾׷ɱоñЩѾȴԼַ˵ʲôҲնɱʮؼףҲһ
Լ߳һͬ飬ʲôôҲûеõһԼһҪַ֣Щؼʿ
Ҷ̾һؼѾվ˶ϣ뵽Щؼ׵ʿһȿֺϵף
ӭǵģǸЩҲȫѪУбЩܡ
죬ؼ׿ܻӭǧصһδܡ
ǧؼ׾ȫⳡսеĻһʹøطѾ֯ʿٴθǡ
ǧؼȫûĻԺĳش
Ҷվǹ壬ڲԼĹݵ£վǹ壬뵽ԼĽ׼пһַϣбЩꡣ
ǰ˵ʲôҲַ֮мľͷչȥĻ˵ʮǰɽԤԻġ
ַ㿪ʼݵĲøֻ塣
ַڶҶ磬ֶţصʱ뵽û𹥵İ취ԸȺ¡
Էǧˣַʱ֮ڣҲ޷Щ塣
ҵɽȺбЩսȻˣǶǼֻЩؼ׶ǵĶ֡
ȻЩܰæԼȻš
ЩбǣĲŸ壬ȴ¶һʮֿĵģ
Ȼ뵽֮ǧؼףпܻǵϳԴڸɻʱ򣬲ŻԵ˿ġ
ַаޣһȺԼͬ˴һ㡣


636  
ƴԼãֻҪַ򵥵˵ûصĴ巽ܾһȥ
ַ㰵޴ӿɽ̣ƴԼߡ
ַ˵ַ˼ɱֻأƴииȷϣ˵û˲ǿ󣬸ı
ʮڼҪİ˵Ļǰˡ
ƴ羴ַֻЦЦΪԼԪ۱ЦԼһԪһз˹Լõ֮ǿߵľء
˵Ļ½ҲȲ࣬࿪˴ִߣ֮һУԵʮ
ǶЩװȴ֮ʹһиռơ
Ƶ֮ǿߵǶͯҼҵ⣬˲֮κˡ
֮ϵÿһʶǿǱٶȶȻҪΪ֮Լ
½ǿߵԶԪҲ֮ŻǱԪ߼Ĵ½
ַ˼·ֵʵУƴ̸벻ףƴ˲ţΪʲôɽû˷Ĳأ
ַʳ仰ʱƴǳĬһᣬ֣µ˵ʵһֱңδҵְ񣬵ɽĳǸȥˡ
Ϊʲô飿
ܼ򵥣ΪǰǹɽĳԱǲˡ
ַ΢΢һ㶣漴˵ͷƴ˾̸ֹ֮㻳йϵ
ĺڲȻһЩµĶ浱أвĹڵġ
ڲһЩͨĹ壬ȻʢϮĹԺգȴڲűЩϮ廹ҪҪӰʹĺʼձŻ겻
ȻִĲݰʲôĶ棬ʱҲһЩ൱˲š
سƴҶ磬Щ˵䶼󣬵ǵĸȴǳ㡣
պĹ涨ûĹ壬ҲܽȨʹһЩûУ˲˲š
෴ռļȻ紾ӣЩȴߡ
ַףƴʶҪԶԶСȴСֵ£ԭҲ֮ܺߡ
ڼԹȻķУƴŻɽܵżһȴʩչ
ֵҵǣСĲȻԶƴСںܶϣҲͦƴĽ飬ƴҲ㹻ء
ҪȻƴɽӸѹ
ַҶŮǶ׼Ϊͽ׼Ѿ̲ǼʢԼŴ㽫Ǵɽݱܷͷ
ǵɽǲҲܵЩǵżأ
ķĻɽ˶ԼٺãԼҲҶ磬Ťͷߡ
ַԸκƲ𣬻ߵŮˡ
ַ֮ƴҡҡͷ˵˲õҶССɽӣɽֻܵ˵ĻӭЩųĳǣҲųСҶС㡭
ַѯʺŵ֪ѾսУһѾץסˣǵɱǽǵūʹãԹŮȴʴȵĶࡣ
Ȼ˶˵ҪƷˣǿиѹ˵Ѫͳ۵¡
ֻǱˣԹǻԥɱԹŮˣǹŮȴ
ܶѾĽȢŮΪ٣ǵǴͨȢŮʹԼĺӵи߹Ѫͳ
ˣŮѾĵҲų⣬ܹߵİ
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ƴ˵ǰǱѾץסѲΪѾЧĻҰ⣬ȴԽߡ
ǲƴĹ壬ΪʲôĸԸΪЧֶüĿľٺкøУŻʡ
ƴƺ뵽ʲô£һЩ˸е˵ҹȥȻǹ壬ȴһûĹ塣
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һ£ȴ׸ıһȥʱ򣬱Ϲɽĵܸܵˡ
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ȥҲ֪ԩȴûиİӡ
ȻĻʯҲŵȣȣƴһһŹͷȴʲôҲûеļ
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ʱڿαѧƬ£ԺеģҲǵһӡѡ
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⼸ɽѾӰ̫Ż˵֮ǰ˵ƷͳΣ˵Լ˽
ַܴ֮ʢ˽ŵӣߵĸĹϵַȴԸȴûκκøС
ǮƣְˣԼкιϵ
˵˽޵֮Ҳ˸ַͷ˵һġ
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Щ꣬Ѿ֪ʲôижˣɽʱά߾һˡ
ַݵλȻɽᲢۣȻַĻеЩжҲΪ˵仰ģǻ֮һǿߵɣ
ַһ˵ʱˣ𡣡
ν𣬾û⽫ؼΧľӡ
ַס£ЩѾҲɽеû⽫ľɱǡ
ڣѾе壬ֶַʮ㣬Ǵ˿̲£ϣľܹ
һѸɲð⣬ûһ˿磬ֱŨֱ߿ա
Ļ⣬Ҷ磬СȻġ
ԶһɽУ˻⣬һ˵٣ѸٳĵطϹȥ
һż˵ĻȼյĹ죬᲻ѾµȦأ
¶Žı˵ھԵǰκεȦ׶ûã˹ȥɱˡ


637  ʯ
ǧؼʿгʮ󣬾Ȼǰƽ
ַѾЩǣһͺͺɽͷϣŽ»ǧؼʿ
ؼʿһֳֺɫǹϽߺ棬Ŀ⣬żؼʿеĺ⣬Ҳе巢
ʹ᫵ɽ·ϣȻȺӲŸԲͬиɻĶΡ
ɽƴ̾Ϣ˶֪ؼ׾޵У벻£Ȼ˾ȻЩʿ£ǧ˼һҲԶԶǵĶ֡
ؼ׾սһΣ˴ͷ֮еѾؼ׾֮ġ
ǲ֪ЩûļһǣЩŸٵҲѷɫй֮
Щֳֺǹºڼףǹ˸źĺڼʿ˵ϸ¶˾ɫ
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ǽ죬һ˿ҲûУȼַ㲻֪Ūһֽʯ͵ĶЩҺһĶĿȼ
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ҲǴһ벻ԼߵǧؼףͻȻ˻֮Уеľڲʱ䣬ȫȼ
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ʮӣһӵϵĺϽߣ¶װؼ׾ܵǰÿǻ˵󽫾ǻ𺣣ȼյ̫ˣǳ岻ȥ
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ؼ׾гôĿҲԼĲٹͣ˵У¶˷֮ɫ·ؼ׾һ˷ܲѡ
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ҧ촽ĿҲܲͣգĿ䵽һͺɽƯ˵ϡ
˿̵ַڸߴŭӣֻñ΢ЦӦ
ɱȥַͬھȴ֪Լ첻ַм䣬ҵˡ
һеĳȥĻֻûг嵽ַĽǰ˱ѾΪ˻ҽˡ
еŭ𽥽ƽϢҵ³Լȥȴ뱣ס߾󲿷ֵˡ
ˣжף
жףؼ׾ȫ仰ˣԴ֮֮Ľ
ЩϮǣҲһľη֮ɫ
Ǵ׵ʱЩ˱㿪ʼ¶˯Ҳûס
죬ǵָӹȴжףѾںܶʿϴ˽꣬ڼףҲһ֡
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ϵⰴťʿϵװĸпɷ׷׶ϿһУЩϵѸٽء
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ȻЩؼʿԼ˿̵ľٶܱ׳ԶַȴʲôҲûиоЩؼ׾ĵˡ
Եˣȱһ˿һͬġ


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һԷַ˵һ䵽ˮ͹ˣƫƫҪʹԷĳúݣ
ȻǶؼ׾кøУҲҶƸУֻһ˵ַ㼸ѡ
ַҡҡͷ˵ֲǶûбҪԼĵĴҾûбҪͬЩˣһʢδ׷ɱǵģЩͲЩˡ
ʲô磬˵Щ˵˰ɣ
׷ʣַ㽫ͷŤһߣû
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һǧбҪ뿪ʱ򣬲֪ʱַѾվ֧ǰЦȻ뱨Ϊʲôھ͹أ
ȻǺĽ˿ƣǲҲ̶õҽģԵüǱ
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һնַеĳҲΪһɫĶߣ

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ַ㿴ˣԽԽ䣬ûзһţٱԼַеңԼȥ
˵⻰ٴһִһ˰ɽ
ǰַһŵ٣Լһͬ鷸ԼһĴʵʵĹ˰ɽ¶һ˿ЦЦԷ˵


639  Ѫ
ʢٴηˣǵõһΪ𾪣߽޷ܵϢ
ǧؼ׾һ·׷ɱɽѾȴܶ飬ܣµǧؼ׸˽һ롣
һʱ䣬ʢﴫһһذϢЩذϢĹ֮ͬϢǸϢ
֮ڣѾ湫Ϊһǿ۱һļ
߾޵еؼҰܡ
ܶ˲ǰѾģǰһսʱؼΪȷ棬ֱ뵱ʱѾ
һսɱذĽʧʮؼʿ
ʱĺ޷Ϊôؼ׾ʧδ̫ˡ
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һս汻Ϊ˸ĴҲǿ̹ġ
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ָܣʹؼ׾ʧ
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ϹУӭɽ
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һսˣʹһǧؼʿսҽΪԼжεĻЩȥ˵ܲƽ
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һΪսܣǵĺ޹⣬һΥɽûзɱַ㲻ɵļƻε
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ַ㣬ҡҡͷ˵²ΪԼȥ׷ˣһǼֹȥĹ۵㣬ա
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£սҷóһ·˭ģǱ˸ɽ˵˲˹
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ˣ㻹ΪԼսܽƱ磬ҺΪЩؼ׾ĲƸһ֣ͽһǧؼȫ͵˹Źأѵ㻹뽫ؼ׾ȫŸ𣿡
ˣҪɱûҪߵͬ顣
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һü˵ˣҷľ鳤ľˣҲ޷ؼ׾ؼ׵ĻԤԺᷢʲô飿
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ʣʱ䣬ַһ˿˵һ˳ûмɽ»ص˴ϡ
ٳ˴֮󣬴СҲߴַȴߴ·ΪʢɱѾܶ飬ʱڣٴ
ɽǸˣƺôԼϣڶʱڣʢǲɳ׷׷ɱԼġ
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ַ˼ı飬С˵һʼǹΰΰ˶˶ĸֺǿɽҪԶܻӭһ죬һ׵罻ӵҹ˹ΰ˫֮ѪǼ֮ŸĶ
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ֻ깫ΰΪɽ˲ٺֶͣԸΰĻĲ̣±˵޾أ˲Źΰ


640  ĺ
Сַһܵ˽빫ΰַȻӦСߺַĻ˶Է硣
Ǹʲôʲôΰģûзϡ
ҲɽôɽЩͷͷʲôһԼǷһ飬ֻҪ飬뿪취Ԫַ㲻½ϵκ˳Ϲϵ
ƴȥʱַ֣˵ʱԼߡ
Ǹΰʲôַ֪ȴ֪ƴֻҪ䣬һͷصģΪǸ
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Ҳַ֪еľֻҪɽӵױȵӰԼѣҲԼһѵõĻԵ
ɫ˺ܶҶ磬һ˷ܱַ㽨ǳȥתһתɣ
ʵȥתתΪʲôأ
ѽԣŮѽɽķ羰ãȥﲻɣ
ȥȥ˭˭ѽ
Ҷ򷴶ԵҿǻǲҪȥˣǸոز죬СҲ˵ˣɽĹϵܸӣһǳȥ鷳ô죬ҿǻǵ͵һĺãøִ鷳
ҶΪԼǣַ㰵ԸжȻҡҡͷ˵ΪʲôҪ͵أ˭Ҹ鷳ءˣɽɽ˵ǵľƾݣɽ˭ǣ
ַ˵㲻ǵľ޳ܵľ𣿡
˵ǣȴΪǾˣû£ȥˡ
ҶҲ˵ҲãִҲ˳ȥݼλ鳤빫ΰǶɽصòҲҪȥ߶һ¡
磬˵ˣ棬Ǹʲôΰļһ׷ǹʣңΪʲôȥǣ
ѵִֻȥ羰
ȻĿ羰Ҫ黹ҪŮɢɢġ
Ҳһ˵ڸִ磬Ȼִ粻鷳ǽʲôһ˵ϷŮִʱһǴһԾкϷɿˡ
û˵ʱҶ绹ֳƺַΪִ磬ַ㺰磬ܾЩŤ
ַ˫ֲ˵ǵǣҵŮˡߵŮˣ˸Ҵǵ⣬Ҿ͡
Ҷͬʱ۾һǿŮҲϣϲ˱ӻǣͬ˵飬ô
ַһ˵ҴŮ˵⣬ҾȥŮ˵⣬ַ׳Կˣ

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һݻķվһˣ˸ӼߣǱãǹΰһһɽˡ
سȻϣɽĶʢǣ֮أɽڲҲûж֪Ĵڡ
ɽνĶݣҲһѡ
ʸȻϣѸߣΪƢ꣬ģӰҲԶ繫ΰ
ڣΰֶһĽԸ
ȻǼ񣬵ȴԼеĹ嶼߹ϣģҲֻи߹ʥ࣬鴿ޱȵŮˡ
佫֮λ֮κˣ䷭ĽŮˣҲΪӲġ
ΰԱߵһݣΪĻ˵СԤԵǸѾɽ
ƺΰΪֳƺΪС㣬ȻвͬλУֻһ˿ɽ֮˱˹ΰ
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˿صˣ޸ΰλԺĸ˵֮ʱҲǷĵľء
ַʱȴһεĵ⡣
ΰ˵ҴϻʲôоĻǸҲһңǱˡ
˵ǣҿ䵱ʱͷۻ治ƣŻ˿ЦǸˣ֮ڲһ֮ǵľ
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ΰ˵һüͷ˵ܾǸǺˣֻ´˺Ϊã
ΰλĵĻһ˵ߣҪ֮Ȼģȴȱ˵ȣǵǿҪ£Ҫ۱ͽ˿ΪЧҲԸʩչŻĻᡭ
¾ǼͶܣֻ˵־ͻоһһ·ˣԡ
ΰЦҲɽĿţȻɽһɽ˼֮󣬿һʲôˣʱһɣ
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ʵϣַȴûλ鳤ϣ˿̵ַ㣬˿Ҷ磬Լزɽˮء
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ЩСԼ۸򵥣ʢǵĽͷϣ˸ͲЩСʳƷ
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˵ЩݣЩСԲǺܺóԵ
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ǰˣϻʵ۵£ҲʮĸоֻһŻĺӶѡ
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ĺһģסҶġ
ԼҪʵԼ֮䶨µŵԣûƯӣԼϷŮˡ
ûʣַκ
ɽƽǾ˶õϰߣǰ˴·Ĳϵȷַϵķá
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ǰ˵Ư²ˢڣӷڣһ˵һŵζĻҲ޷Ůκ뷨
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ַͷС˵ĲŮɽҲӣסҶΪǹ壬ƯǵĻ
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ַҲñӵĿ⿴ˣźǣʼգ˶ûпַһۡ
ַڳıȫ˷ˡ
ҶﲢʶǸˣǱͻȻסӳһûòĻҲЩãǻǵ˵ͷ
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641 ȥϷ
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Χ۵ƽȴ׷üͷ
Щƽƽܹ˹ѹ裬ǶеĹҲʹûһøС
ǰĹŮȴûϾûܹŮԩͷծĵǻǶġ
ҶεĹŮڴϣҲһ˵ķ羰ֻҪǲǣЩƽҲ۸ǡ
ҲӹŮ෴Щ˿ҶｿεģлһЩػǡ
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Ľ̻֮£ɽƽĵˣȻҲҶƯҲԶĿһۡ
ڿҶĸʱȻҲһԼˣԼƯŮһˡ
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վ˳еҶ˼ŽΧ۵˼ΪΪˣֲ顣
ϳסҶ˼бǽ鳤ֶӣû˳˵ʲô
ЩƽҲ֪Ҫ˵ǣɽλȨصĽҲҵ֮ȨƵ鳤ˡ
һЩƽ׷ҶͶȥͬĿ⣬ھ֧ǡ
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˼Ҿƶɽ˴£ſʼüЩ꣬ĽӼã˵ҲǽʳСӹҲ̹
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ַͷ˵㵹һͨҵ˼ǸղʹСһ㣿
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ҶʶȤĻһ󣬲Ͷͱ϶ԷǸ㵽ȥ
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ҲһΪַ㣬Լ壬ôῴǰأ
ȴΪΪԼһˣסҶַ֮ȻǰŮϷҲΪԷҪֺ
ƯŮǰͶͱĻ
һӵһһӵһɰŮᣬûȴӭһǷȭıӸˡ


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˻Դ֮ǰŴбһˣΧһҲˣԭղűķȭˡ
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ַ˵˵ʱ򣬺ܼɵԷ˵յĻöԷû취
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£˵ļһʹԼ˿ֲĴڣԼǣˣ˻쵰ѽ


643  ֽҲˬ
ͬĿ˿ԼİһۣԼܽͷָױ˸ˡ
Ҫ˵Ϊеˣûһϵֻƾ۵ؼ飬ɽû˸
Ҫ㣬տĻʵ֮ǰ֮ԸҵϷҶΪԼһʵĿɽܹǵҶ
ַ֮ԸҽңҲΪǵʵҪԶԶˡ
籾ȥǿѹߣûʲôɽ
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ٵĻҲӲԼҸ̨£ַʲôҲ˵Ҳȫ棬ȥ
ַ㲢ûҪԷ档
ղİܣ˵Ҫ֮ʮƽңҸղžͶ˵κˣҲɽоҶΪƾܴɽľ𣿡
ٵɫͻȻüΪ·ܵˮַ⻰Ҳ̫ˣַʵʵ˵
ͬǰٴɽǼΪַ㣬ֵȥֻҲַ˵
ɽܱߵȷмľӣЩȴǰٵģҲǽҵġ
֪˼俴أҸȴе鳤ΰҪӸҸ
ٻеĺףַȻأϾɽˡ
ĸɽȨĳϣɽĹΰʱӶ򣬵Ҳĸ׼档
ַһˣҪ漸ˣȻκβַ㣬̧Լ׽Ļַֻò
ɽʵеһַɽʵɣȷһΪǵ顣
ҶҲΪַѾң˴ˣǰҲǱǿӲʵˡ
ȻѾ֮⣬ַȻüΪѶԷ
˵֮ǰСͶθַ㣬ɽĽ鳤빫ΰ֮Уκ˲ǵĴڡ
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Ҳ¶ʧ⣬Ȼ鳤ĶӶͷˣҲΪֹˣ벻ⳡճ죿
ַ㿴Ŷ٣ʵԭоȻ
⻰ɫٱ䣬ַĸ׾Ȼ޾⣬پ̣˿Ҳܼˡ
һŭɫĽӿڵȫɽ˶ܾҵĸס
УֻһĵĹʺˣ㲻Ҫ繷ʺҲѹҵĻҲ繷ʺϲϼţ
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ٶͷϵǸıҲٴγ˳
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һԿֵƴԵúǡ⣬Ǻвܵһˣһ㣬ɽ˶֪
Щ꣬һֱݺѹţҪ˵ԽһûһԹԣҲǲܵġ
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ԽɽӰַĸǿɱֻɽΪѪɺӡ
ڽܹĵĶɽ߻Χж֮޵ĸηɽָӡ
ƴҲΪɽǵĽиǱһҪɳ֮ϲݣԱĶ֮ޡ
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ƴ⻰ڱ٣ʵȰַʹգַûгһվ˴ˣαػͱأ
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Ҳһ˲ת˺üͷĿⴥİؿڵѪԼܵĶָ֮󣬲̾һ˵֣Ҽסˡ
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鳤Żˣûм鳤棬ĳ޾Ӻζأ
ַЦҲ㿴ˣҵȷ˼˵ʵҶǵĽ泤ûһøУرᷳĶӼȻҵҵͷˣȻŹЩ˵ļһ
ּȻû鳤Ϊʲôȴᷳ鳤أ
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644  
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Ȼ˵ԭ常ԤԵˣϵģһռǿߣ˵㣬˵۶ȥǵĴ½ȴϳ˴׷֮򣬷
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ַ⻰Ȼǿʶм˲ΪԼǿʶأ
һˣȴһˣ֪ԼϣүҲòκ֤
ϾүЩ֤ˡ
ԶŲһܻԶСҪ˵˵ѵһ֪ԼĶֶʲôɽͷҡУɽ˷ҵĶֶӲųѵ㣬㲻ˣǰ˵˵ҽĲ㣿
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óʱû˵ãʵϣĺѾ߸߾ˣûһ˸Ҷ˵⻰
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˹Ҳôһ£ַָ˵С˵ʲô
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645  ڰ
û棿
ĿţַƽʵҪû棬˵
пֵĲŮ֪Ǹɽʱ˸ǡ
ɽ䣬ڽ淢ʱҲᾡ˵
治ˣ˵ŭ񱻴ƵһˣиɲĻһΧǧĵȫƽˡ
ЩŮǣ淢ĻһɴĴ۾һģŴˡ
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֪˵ʲôڽᱻַ˵ʲôû˵
ĻȻ󣬵սȴַԶˣַǶλۣǿߡ
ؼ׾Ҳǲֵһᡣ
Ҳģɽַ̫һŭ֮ɱ˽ĻɽԵĺ
ǰ¾ģ鵽޷ʰĵزĻԼҲֻѡˡ
͵ŮǸַ㵣ģ˿̵Ľһͷ׷޷ԶҲΪŭŤǽ⸱ɷģʹЩΧ۵Ůǵѡ
ַ㣬ڷŭͬһͷʨӰĽǰȻܱһʮƽģַ˵򣬿˵ʮ˲ˡ
˲ǣȻȴȻֻԭزϵķŭڣȴûгȥ
ַҲһĿ˴һĻ沢ûз
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һӼߣУҲһʲôҲѾͷƬӰˣƽֱ֡
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Щͷ۵˵һȥɣԺһһ˵ġ
Ҳ֪˵һ˵ҲӦַôãûֳһ˵뿪Ļôأ
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á
˸ղŵ飬ַ˵ղս˵ֻҪܵסһģ֪ǱϥˣĶֵĻһɱ𣿡
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Ȼִʵ˵ֻһ裿
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ҪѡһλĽд󽫾ĻӦɽнһŶԣûԼɡ
Ŀעַ˵常꿴һУҲҲῴˡ
ǰŮȻһ仰ʱַӿʿΪ֪ͷ
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ͷ˵ʵҲƴȴΪĹݶ⵽˺ܶ˵ķԣϽ빫ΰƼԼˣʹ
ûбҪˣƴʤд󽫾ջӡ
ַ˵϶˼ɻ˵ҲƴģҲĸһΣؼ׾аϺЩսʼǰܶʤ٣ؼ׾սǴûȡùһʤȷƴսʤ𣿡
ַһĵͷ˵ȷκд󽫾Ҷǣȴİƴ
΢΢һ㶣漴һЦ˵常ԤԵˣΨһһŻؼ׾ˣƴյʤҲǲܡ
ҲףΪʲôֻϰƴϰأ
ַעĿϵ˵ǿǽˣΰƳҲˣƴȴˣҲڰƴڰ㡣


646  ʲô
뿪Ժ֮󣬽ԽԽŭŤҲһֱûлָӭ˶ŵƵӡ
ɽڲûһ˸ҸɫԺԼѹˡ
ƫƫԷ˿ˣ޺һʱԺǿû𣬵ȻҲûҷ𣬵˿ȴԽԽŭ
ַһ֮Լʱ񣬸ǽϺ޺޵̤УԼһӣû˶
·ΰϵʱ򣬲֪һ治Ծ˽ȥ
ЩɽڲֳɣһֻɽڲĴУһָģ۱˵ǿҲϿɱˡ
һɴĵײ㣬ܹΰִѹӹòôá
߾ԽΪһɣ֧˴󲿷Ҳɽˣһɽ빫ΰĺ֮㡣
һǹΰΪ׳ɣʵһɵǿɽУܶͷ
ƽ治ôƵΰΪԼʱ򣬹ΰһСƨ죬ȴ˹ΰĸϡ
޵ˣŪзֶӣǸӵַ㣬Ϊ˵ĵ˱ԼѣŻϹΰ
˹ΰĻ֮󣬽浥ֱĶԹΰ˵Ҫɱϣң
ΰԴ˿ģֻ䵭˵Ҿֽ֧ϵ˵ϣȴΪֻھ֧㡣
¶һ˿ŭɫΪԼϣΰѾ𽵹ˣΰȻǿֵҲ٣Ͼ󱲣Ӧúǡ
ȴһӣиǰ֧иƨãһ֧أǸ
ֵĻɱͬһֻ棬ѵ㲻𣿡
ϻûҹΰ飬ҲöʹüҪ˵ǣԩ޳໥֮ûκͻΪʲôҪɱ
һŪ˵֮ûͻʢǷִۣؼ׾ոɽֿȵɼ־СѾˣȻʲôȴһһɽݶҲǴˣѵҲ
֮ԴԤԣ˵֮ľʹѾͷպʮѾͷֻպԸˣ
ΰֶҿδأҲûʲô𺦣䲻ĹϵˣǱ˳ΪͯŮ
ЦƨͯŮһֱǹΰС˵ԻɣɴûгϹ֮Ĺϵ
ѾͷЩĹϵΣȻһò֣ȻѾͷǸСȴı㻹Ҫ˧ܹŮˡ
ѾͷΪСǱ壬ҶΪ̰һʱ֮Ȼδ˶Ǵˣ˵Ļ־ʮŮ˵ֶΣ˵ѾͷᱻĻƭʱͻһˮһյ³ΪЩ꣬Ҳ֪Ѿͷʲô˼
ΰͻȻתȵˣ࣬ôῴһԷļһ
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ΨһϣЩ꣬ΪӮģӲĳܾƯŮ׷
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ΰɫҲѿ
Ȼһֱ˵Լַûκͻַɽ֮ûУֱûУйΰкܲ
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ֻҪƴ˵µľٲԹµн죬ΰǵһ㣬Żķַ顣
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뵽ɵø˵Ц
ڴУͻȻεŭ𣬹ȥʮֶĽޱǰߵĻָǰ
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ƴһ䣬˸ǴվŸŭĿӡ


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˵˵֪һƲǸ٪壬ʵҲһֱƲɥȮˣԺ˷Ҳһʢǰɣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦֹ
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ɫʱˣҶûлشĻǶ㵽ַ󣬷ǲӣһõĳַƴȥ
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ҶҲòϣǺһУǴ÷ͻȻ仯ˣҪȻ뿪ƴĻ
벻飬ϲճ
÷ץƴĴ֣ͼĻܰĻУָоر÷˵ſңߣ
ҶٷſˣʧȥһΣҲʧȥڶΡ
Ǳ˵С檡
ֻ֪ҵӡ
÷۾˵Ƹ磬ͽ߰ɣѾ䲻ˣ
ҲǹȥĹ彫ˣҸûں̫࡭
÷˵ɫˣԼ÷ͳȥﻻأһʮֻĽס
ȣҪʤ÷ﻹδСѾͷԭװô˵νԼռ˴ˡ
ղƴǳףѾиһӵĻƴ˵ʲôˣ÷ߣƴһ뿪׺ôУ
÷Сˣҵĸô꣬ҵģҵģԼ£ʹЩûһָͷһɵĽʳ㡭
Ҳˣ뿪ȴңҸɽ巢ģҴû㣬ҵġ
˿ֻ뽫÷ͳȥԱԺĽף˲ŶԴ÷ָ
÷΢΢һ벻˳ʵЩȫ˵
Ը˽⣬˸ĿƣҲ˵ռԼٰܻԼ
ƫƫԼڸ߶꣬ԼνҲû˿ţԼصƴߵĻ֪⵽˵İۡ
ƴŲԸƴ˳ЦҪ뿪
ȴǰ̹ϴ£־ϲָоЩ죬ɴһᷢĵˡ
˵Ӧû˿вȸȻûвȸΪʲô˵Ļأ
ַ㿴ƴ봺÷һ˵̫ʶʱ鳤˸ϽǸϳȥƻǵ£
ַ⻰˵˵ȥˡ
еˣһƴһǴ÷ƴղŰٰⳡ÷ƴ봺÷ʹ
ַ飬ȻᷴԣͬʱַĻ͵˼㣬ղ봺÷ַͶԴ±ʾ֧֡
齫˵ĲӬߣ˵»
˼ǰȻǼ񣬵ҲǸѵõ˲ţҲʶȤ֪ʲôʱ˵ʲô
ԸĻԼԽʢǣһӸ߹ٺ»Ҳһʹ͡
ƴͻȻʯַΪʲô飬ԼǴɽ̸еģôͽиԼأ
̸еʹƾʲôҸߣ
ƴ˹ִַϽʹһɫ˵ѵ㣬ҾͲܴɽ鳤̸鳤һʣ˵̸Ч°빦
ƴѾµַ⣬ǾЭ飬Ż뿪
ӵĴӪѽ
Ȼս˫вնʹĹַԸʧŵĻϷŪԷԼ뿪ˣǷַһô죿
һŭ֮£˵ɱַ㡣
Ҫ˵İܱߵĽؼ׾ֻҪЩֲľΧַҲһ
ƴȻҲַͬԸ壬Ȼ뿪ؼ֮УַҶ磬ͲɱΧ
Լˣȴַ֮УԼô
ӽӪĵطһ޼ʵĿشַʹùȥؼ׵ϰ취Ҳ
Ļַ㣬Ҷ磬Ｘ˸ݾͲԼΪԼ


650  ɵѽ
һ˵˵ǣʲô飬Ϳˣ㻹ǸϽ뿪ɣƻ̸գ
ƴ˵ͷ֪˫ĻԼ£ҲӲ̫ã÷һͨˣһԼҪһͻΧԸٵĿ
ԼŴ÷һ뿪ⳡ̸̸ʲôˣԼɽرַӦϣĻַ˻һ
ƴߺַҲһ
ȻһˣȴԼͬ飬֪ƾҶͼԼͺ̸κ¡
Ļ˫ʱƾԼչôˡ
Ҷ磬ƴڲ֮䣬ַɱΧҲûпܣƴϴ÷ͨŮˣҪһˡ
ƴ޷ԼҲӲĳ֮ĽҲȫؼ׵Ĺ֮¡
ַŽƴ봺÷һ뿪һݺ֮ǣܵĻַ뽫Ҷһ뿪
Ҳ֪Լ뷨Щʵʡ
һĿû뿪ķزҶϸȣԼƴ봺÷뿪Ҳûзԡ
ԼҶ뿪Ļֻ»
Ŀǰݺ˼ۣ뵽ò˶ãԼͿԵõŮˣо˷ܲѡ
ΨһвĵطǻûнҶƭ֡
ԼоʣԼؼˣʲô
۾гһߣޱȵ˵Ѿ˴÷Э˰ɣ
ﰵȻУԼҪַأôܻڸϣղȴ˺ڣô췭ĻЩ˵ȥ
ΪַԼ޳ܣԼһĻҲַ޳ܵ˵
￴ַ˵һȫƾû
Ŀ䵽ַϣЦղҲͬ飬ܲʳԶʰɣ
ַ㰵ѾͷͷԼӦ˸Ľ񷴻ˣȴԼƳ潻棬ⲻǽԼڻϿ
ַ֪˿̾ʱ򣬴˿ƴ봺÷ûԶԼöһᡣ
˵Լ̸Σôܰ;ϣԼǩ˺Լ֮ٶֵĻʱ򣬾ŭ˫˰ֵֽƾ֤Ҳ޷Ȼڣֻʵʵ˱
ǣӿ˱ʲôЩǲԼԽܵģ
ַЦЦ˵ôᷴأ鳤ӳ׵ʱ򣬻Ҫȥֶأ
Ҳ΢ЦľҲ˷ܵЦ붴ʱһһĺ
ַҲע⵽˸ֵֻϸ΢仯ڸֵ̧ʱǰвã˵ؼ׾˰š
̸ѵĻֻҪһ֣Ľؼ׾˹ԼҶ磬ǧС
벻˽ƻһ֣
ַȷ¶ˣղŵ뷨ǣֻҪַ¶һܾõ˼нؼףɱַ㣬Ҷ
ַȻղͬ£οûѡ
ַ˵Ÿעʱ̣˫۾ݺַһַۣǸС仰ŵôҳһĸԷ롣
ȻҶĺȱ㣬ȴʼմʮĿɰ֮еĶ΢Цʹ۵ģˣһʮֿɰĸо
ַ㵱Ȼ֪ΪʲôۣȻǲԼûڣַĵСѾͷԼµĻ£ȥƾʲôҪԼȥȥƨɡ
ַϽŤת˵ɽߵһκϣģ˱Ļʹɽ֮һǰȷѪ꣬µİҲм鳤Ϊ˺ƽ
ַĻȻ˵úҲ˸ƨ
ȴˣֻǼƯŮ˾ҲַŮ˻ƯЦݣȴкǿ
ųĹǻ˵ʵҪƽսѡȨԼϣ
Ժԡ
ֻҪ׳ŮˣҽǴʢǣʱǲ˱ɽ֮ǩԼ˫̫ƽˡ
ַüͷѾµŮеһ˭֪ŮͬԼȫһ̫ƽͬŮ
ַʵ鳤ֱԣҪŮ
һλɽɽײͬвжΣǵĴһʢǣҵĴһУڶŮҶӣҶǹĽȻɽۣСãѾͬҵŮˣԲдԼС
Ҷһ漴¶һ˿ŭɫ
ĽʹյҶ˵Ҷӽ㣬벻Ҳ⣬ҵҪִСµļһһλôװ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҲΪҪȥ±˵ʱִκ˶Ӳ
ַޱ˴Ů˵⣬ƫƫŮ˵⡣
ͽҶ翴Լĺ֪ʮ־صŮˣĻǶĲ
ȥʢһʲô˼ʢȨǿ֮
Ҷ粻ܱۣ˵ֻܱЩȨƾʲô
ַ¶һ˿˵ʽҶʢǣ鳤˵˼ɽ˼
ַ˵񣬸ҲһĲã˵ȥʢǣҵĸ׿µӣҲԸ߹Ĺ壬䵽ç֮ܿѣʱġ
ַȷһ飬ǾǸɽɽҶ˾֮󣬸ڼ֮ʱ⣬Ž˼˽
ַЩڴҶһˣ˭ֻ뵽ӵָӹٸɫһأ
ַ㶢Ÿһһٵ˵ɽɫһ
ַ˲˵Ҷͬʱ
һŭɫ˵ɽóŮˣʹð˻ѵɽһռ˴˵𣿡
ҸĵˣɽҲΪ˵ҸȱɽİҪ磬ߣ
ַ˵ԼɽҪʱҶͻȻҪĸо
ԭԼУԼҸȻɽŮס
ȻɽŮַ仰Ļ˵Ὣַ̻ˡ
˵ַҪߣоԼˣˣŭʵѵҲҪһ߲ɣ
ַͷ˵ǣһģȻҪһˡ
ǸղŴӦҵأѾҵˣѵ뷴ڲɣ
ղŵǶģǱûдسŵȻҲ˵Ϸڣɵѽ鶼棿
ˣ˷۱
÷ѾԶˣֻ´˿Ѿصɽ׷Ҳˣַ㣬Ҷ壬оԼһֻһ˸ˣˣԼĵϱˣġ
쵰һҲ߲ˣ
˵⻰ͻȻ֣ʱɱİţֻҪؼһɱƬ֮䣬ַܽ㿳ࡣ
ҶҲΪĽ֮ʱôǣһ仰
ӵĴӪַ㣬ҶһˣȻҪΪ˸صĴֽۣҪ̧ʱַв֪ʱס˱һն¡
һâ˲뿪壬һѪ򽦵˲ԶϣڸĲҽУһֻѾ䵽˵ϣĳ


651  Լ


ʵľʱ˲䱻ײͬһ㣬ؼףĸͬʱײ˾УͬʱַбĽ⣬Ҳָ˸ľ
ϱ۴Ѫˮ磬ƺҪʹιȥַȴ֮ģֻĿⶢŶϱ۵ĸ
Ĳ㣿
ң벻⡣
˵仰ַеĽ΢΢һ˸ϵƤҡ
ַһĲҽУǿߣϱ۴ѪˮݵĿ֮˿ѾԶֹסѪõԼ֮ǡ
ַıǰһݣȴŵһΪԼĺַĳˣһ֮󣬲ŷԼľֻһƤˡ
ǵûззӽţַ֮ǰûɱԺ󲻻ɱƽ˵֣Ǹʲô
ʲôʲôЩؼôһ£
ҪɱңȻˡ
ſڴƻƣҪɱ㣬ҲϹЩ㰵Ըҵİɣ
ҵоӪǼҲ޷ɱΧɱҵĻҲˣ
ַҡҡͷ˵ȴΪɱ֮֮ȺףҿԴ뿪
롣
Һһԣ
ַ֣Ĵ˹ŸһЦ˵鳤ˣ㻹뽫Ҵ鳤ۡҳģ𣿡
о£ʱҲ˵
ŮǰֻѡסԼɲΪ°ˬһ¶Լ
֪ΪһŮ˶ԺҲŮˣԼŮ˶סĻԺ󻹿ܶŮˡ
ε˵ղǸģ
ַеıһڸľһǳǳĿӣв˵ҲУҴҵŮ˵⣬ǻˣ
ַֿҶһ˵磬ʢǵʱͶϣΪһ˱ۣ㾹Ȼȡѵǰ䱾ﶼŹзǷ֮룬ƾЩҾɱһٴΣ
дҶҲãҲãɽǶȻ˭б±˭
ƾʲô˵ǶģѵǵϿ
Ȼ룬ȴ˵һε˵ץʢǣҴ˼
ҲʲôˣʱȥʢǵĻһĹͷ
ҶͻȻɴ۾ַǶԾַ㱾һһʲô鶼ˡ
˵ɽȴ𾪲ѡ
ɽ˭䣬֮ĵַȻ˵ĹͷţƤǲǴ̫ˣ
ɽǺ䣬ͽܣ֪жôǿˡ
ַܷ֮۵Ҳƾ汾£֮󣬲
ʵַȣǲԶˣȻ˵ɽԴַŲԼĻҶȴǸ¡
ȻҲţֲַ磬˿Сַأ
ֻޱ˵ֵɼΡ
ַ㷴ҿûʱƨϽ˿ҪȻͻͷأ
ףַΪʲôʱһûɱֻñסĲӣԭҪͨԼľӣҪȻղԼѾͷˡ
ҲǱ֪ԼַĻ˶˿ˣһһԼͻɽ
ɽַϷŻԼҲ˵ˣɽһԼԴԼǰˣ
ֻ̬֣ҪڷңҴɽ巢ģΪǣߣвҵĻҲͬھ
۸仰ǷģǳԼ⣬ַ㶼ŶԷĻԼԼСĶ巢أԻûԼ漴ʳԡ
ɽǺôˣѵͱԼСĶֵǮ
ԼСڻ̹Ŵ½̳أԼ˷ģԼŵ
˭֪Լһˣ
ַЦƭأ˵ԼĴ緢ģԼӷģҶţԼĻţѵĻ𣿡
аôһ޳ܵˣ
Լ鳤һʧ˳ЦԼã˵ԼԼ׵巢ţǶԼεȵѽ
ʵ֪ղԼȷԼ׵巢ġ
ĸֻǼͷԶĸͷֵǮ˸˸ף巢ģȴ⵽ַĳЦ
ǾһҾвȣ
˭һǧؼ׾սһսɱһǧһǧѵҲؼףϵؼײɣ
һַ˵Ļиƿڴ
ѾҲɱһǧؼףʱЩ˻ǱΧһ֣һϵؼףűش
ԼڵӪȴһûУʼʩҲ
˵Լ߿ؼףһҪ˵㣬֮һǿߵ۱ĻɱΧ
Լ˭ˣ
ݺݶַ㣬ַĸɱɱԼǵҪҶ磬˵ؼ˹ʲôǿ߶һ
ַ㲢ûж룬ǽеı̧𣬲Ÿľȥ
Ҫ
һ̣ľڱˡ
Լʢ︻ɵйļҲС檣ԼʢЩɫŮ
ˣһвƸŮ˶ɱ˵ˡ
ַ֪Ľ֣Ϊˣܶûǣҵǿߣǿ߻϶
ûмһ̰ƣֺɫ˻᲻
˿Ҳɽ巢ģֻҪ磬ܹƽȥ㲻
һը˷ΣĵַȻñ˵˷ģʳԵĻҲֻڱ˵ϡ
ֲҲΨһܶһ˵ȫȥ
ؼ׾ң㣬ϽΨһ¶۾໥
һģؼ˵ǧؼ׾
һؼ׾˵ûС
ղʵǰؼ׵ָӹٱвȹ
ؼ׾ֻսָӹ٣ûжԵͶָӹ١
Ȼǻʲô鳤ѾɽѾϣһҪ鳤ʬ
˵⻰ؼʿֿʼƽЩؼ׾ƹЩؼ׾ƿڴЩȻڻıƽ
ͨԹɫַ㷢Щ˲Ϸ
ǰؼָӹʮֵЩؼ׾뾴ɽؼָӹһְи档
˼̰ݼʹؼ׾ģǰЩ֮Բ˸˵ҲԼɱ˸
ղ˵ʬȥѾ˵ܶ⣬ԼøвЩؼ׾ļƲ޷Чˡ
ַĵĿ˸һ˵鳤ˣ㿴ԼھежôҪҵɱ㣬ɼǶôˣ
쵰һȺ쵰ǸȥҪȻƲǣ
һĻֽţɤӶˣЩؼ׾ȴ·ûĻǼַλñƹ


652  ʲô̫
һɱ˵ûˣ罫ɱˣ
仰˲һ̱ڵأ벻СѾͷ˺ݶһſڱҪԼѵԼΪС檣Ѿͷȴ˾飿
оϵɱģѾͷҪɱ
뵽ԼѾԼ˲ˣɫӲÿҲ˵ԼûôˣȻûмԼıҪ
ڻҪͻΧԼˡ
ַһʮ̵ֻˣԼղŴҶ⣬һŭնԼһ첲ַһˣôŹԼأ
Ȼ֪Ȼַ˵λѡ
˭ѣ
﷭緭飬иŭĵǺ鳤ʢ˵һ
Ҫ˵СѾͷļҵ峤˱ˣҲҪϹϾϽǮŮ
˽˵ѣļð̲Ŷԣ
СѾͷ飬ԳˣΪԸ⽫㵱ѽҪȻСĽڱ˵ĲϣԼô㵱ѣ
Ϊ˻ȷԵú͡
˵ǡҲλѣλˣҶС㣬ĴС㣬ҶһƬĵķϣҰɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ҪͻΧ׸
ҶȻûб̬Ҳ¶ͬı飬Ǿɱ˸
иеľҪɱҶҲ˼ַ㣬ԼղŶŮֻŮԼԼѵԼ
ǣַıûжĺǽƵҶߣǺȵˣܽҲܽˡ
磬ҲΪʲô
Ȼҵô
ԼЩؼ׾ɫ߸ղŻҶӽǷǡˣҿҲ뷨ƫƫҲһ˼ߵôˣҾͲˣǼΪʲôŹһ
ַһм˵ƾҲ䴹ҵŮˣҪû£Ҫû˧ҲԶңΪʲôҪһ˷ϣ
ղŶĻˣ
ѵĻͶҪɱ⻰˵ĺ޵ģȻһ㣬ȴǵһһľɫǳκιϣ˵뷨ѵҪҽж뷨ȫɱ𡭡Ļֻ֮ڣ̫֮⣬ûκλŵˣ
ַ˵ЩﵹҲͬ⣬Ҷ磬ȷ˼˰ŮΨһͬǣַղžȻ˵Ҫһ㡣
ĶӶ˵С㲻ƯַϹˣѵûղűСͬʱǸɫϲüҵģ
촽˵ζһ֣
漴Ҷ磬̫ʲô
ҶȥԪǸԪĺܶȻ֪̫ʲôĴڣһδСѾͷô˼⻰˵أ
ĹۣһȻҲûʲôܶԣߺյĶߣһ
۾ʱٴˡ
벻ϻ˷˼飬ԪЩȨǣΪʹߵ˲ǵŮˣȻǸԪмǿ⣬Զž
벻ԪˣȻ˲˼飬˲̵Ȼһˬ󷽣ֵĳͷҲɵߺԪ޳ܡ
ַҲЩԼǸԪȷ˵飬飬ᴩм䡣
ֱ꣬õƹ㣬̵ּķŵޡ
ַҲ˼˵ֶ̫Ǽʵ;ˣҲǰ¶ѣǵļʵϱﻹҪ
ҶַҪɱȰＸ䣬Ų˵ʲôˣҶַӴѾã˽ַһˡ
ַԵĴɱһΪôʧȥüֵˣ׼ֱַ˭ݡ
ַǰ˱ϥ޾˸еĹЩؼ׾У¶˱ĵģ˿ǸǸں
ַɱ˸ɱַ㣬Ҳ˳𣬻صʢֻ֮ҪڿһʣɽٴҲ벻Ľзʲô¡
ַбͻȻһӣؼʿͻȻеıնϣַ֮еؼ׾ͻȻһ
Ǿķ֣˿ַȻﵽʮڴ֮ǰַɽؼ׾սʱŲʮ㡣
벻̵ʱַôࣿ
ҶҲ¶˾֮ɫַȻһֱһȴҲ벻ַᱩǵ˾ˡ
Ҷ˼磬벻죬ȫû̵ʱڣģ
šţȻѰ·
ȻҲַ츳ȴֵַΪǵģ
м˵ʹɣ֪˭ҶӽԺ׷һǱ
ַղһնɱؼףûд˷лָʵʱԵЩࡣ
ҶԺļɽͲһ㱻׷ĶҲ޿顣
ҶҵĴ罻ֵĻЩ壬ҲܸҵĴ磬ȻҵĴƻûȫõǰ¡
šʵѽ㲻ҵĶ̻ѽ
һƲ˵УǹϵãҲ໥άɣ
ɫøѿˣ벻ַ֮ǰһǿ˺üȻնɱؼףҪɱΧȴҲûпܡ
˱ǿԼǸûô
ղţҶ￴סʱǴʱ֮ززڼַĪһܵġ
ֻҪ¶κܵĶûӵ֮ǰַͿһնΪΡ
ȻҪЩؼʿҪǿûؼףķҲЩͨؼʿȲࡣ
ַһնɱؼ׾Ȼ׵նһΣĲһ̱ڵء

˵仰ַб裬ȺмʮؼʿеıնΪΣַ̫죬ؼ׾ɵķȦѸٱ˺һȱڡ
Ҷ磬ѺŴͷɥһҵĸ⡣
ղּʮΣһնɱ˼ʮؼףѾ΢΢飬ַ㰵ؼ׵ķȻǿԼô࣬Ȼ޷׵ɱǣЩ˾ȻòڱԼɱô˵£Ȼûһߡ
ؼ׾Ȼһеı˹ַɼᶨ־˿Ҳ˲Сѹ
ַѾ嵽˽棬ȻΧΧһؼףȴղڽһ޼ɵ
Ͼǵָӹ٣ղھУؼʿ޼ɵɱ˸ºҲͳһھһƵַϣһȫڸǡ
ڵ棬ؼȴȫһģؼ׾еľ٣ҲڽһΪΪ
ַĿӸ˵Խ˿˰ɣ


653  عս
ͷַСֻҪַ㷢òϡ
ҵѣӪҲɣȫ£
˵仰֮󣬹ȻеؼףһɲǵԥЩ˽ԥѣȴû¡
һؼ׾ŭȵٳ˸ˣ˲Ųò˵һϣ¸ˣ
¶Թı飬ؼ׾˵ǹȻǽ·ϱơ
ַֻ֣ҪһնܽԼһնΪΣЩؼ׾Լôü
棬ĵҲԵؼ׾ȵҽȫȡѵ뿹ɣ
һؼ׾˵ҲΪ鳤˺ãһɱȥˣ
˵ؼ׾٣ǸղڽУΧɱַˡ
Ҳ֪ղԼΪѾʹøԼʱԼȣҲŹԼ
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ؼ׾Ҳһԥģǲ뿹ÿȴž˵Ľ
ؼ׾ǧľӣ֧ӽһ죬Ǿս޲ʤ
֮ǰûܹھнٳؼ׵ĸ߼ָӹ٣ַŸˣԺؼ׾ɨء
ڸؼ׾еŵȷôؼʿάؼ׾ǧѪսлܵûÿ
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ʱɽֲ֪սǰȻûˡ
ԹĿ⿴ſļؼ׾٣иǷģֻҪԼܹӳ죬һЩؼ׾ǧС
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˿ַ̲ȼ֮Щؼ׾ڽڣȻҹȻ棬ǵΪҲòһ¡
ΪΧԼɸֱĻɽһŭֻ֪жͷأ
ַһʼսնɱ˼ؼ׾ֱ֮۱׵ķ֮飬ָĳ˫ֳֽ
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ַеǰѱ·ͻȻӵԼꡣ
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죬ִ֮ǰļ¼
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ҶϣҲһǡ
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ͨӹȻؼ׾ͬĻһҲߵĴгˮһ·
֪ͨôһ£оȻһ˿ʧ䡣
иַ㣬˵ն˸Ļֻǵĩ·ˣ
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Ҷͬʱɫ벻ؼ׾ʱ׷˿̵ַѾսֻҪЩͨʿסǾûκϣ
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ؼ׾ƿڴǶһȺģһȺһȺ֪ͨļһ
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ַͻȻԸȵ˭˵عսۣЩʿסЩؼף˭׷ϣɱ⣿
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Ȼ֪عսʲô˼ҲѯʣַԼµͨʿؼսȴΪѡ
дַ޳ܣֲҲ
ε˵סЩؼףҪǹ
˵仰֮һһ֣ղŲΰֿĿյѸٺ£һͨʿֳֵһ𣬸ղŵĵ·ʱˡ
¼İĿŶؼ׾
һؼ׾ټЩͨסԼȥ·ЩͨӵĽ˵Ⱥ쵰󽫾ȥ˵ֻҪպȻΪĴУȻұӻǸǶԵЩ
ͨеһЦƨִֻ֪鳤˵鳤˽ʲôǾȥʲô
У鳤˴ľǲ鳤˵ĶԲǸҼǰĻһֵܶǲ


654  Ҿ
ЩͨǴؼ׾ȥĽؼ׾ŭˡ
ǧؼ׾ֻڲָ֮ĴУһ£һָӹٶһָӹָġ
εָӹٴ󶼻ڽ֮ǰֿ飬ڵõؼ׾Ͽ֮Σֻؼ׾ڲŻһġ
Ȼؼ׾ָӹٵְλؼ׾ڲȻֻϿָĸȴϿɡ
Ǹûͬʹ࣬׷ƽȵؼ׾ڲûеõ㷺Ͽɡ
ڸַЮ֮뵽ĲǾˣάؼ׾ϡ
Щ컹ַ֣֮ȥ˼
ֻҪˣ»صؼָӹٵλϣֻҪǣССɽѾʲô
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һֱؼ׾ڲһȣλȨκһ֧ȣƽؼ׾ΪͳأŵӶؼкܴĻԹ
Щͨӣֵõ˸ȻҪһؼ׾
ͨӺãؼеļٷֹסµʿ֪һ˫ͻĻֻͬھַȻˣʱɽ˴ˡ
ؼԼǰͷͨʿ춯صĻһؼ׾ɫԵüѿ
ַ㲢ûпЩҶ磬˿ͨʿÿСУ߳ӵĵ̡
￴Ÿ˵磬һΣҲû˰ɣ
ַͷ˵⵹ǡ
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Ȼ򲢲ںЩֻ˵ַһˣô˵÷ϡ
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ղĵϣҵȻ˵Ѿĵ̣Ϊһسŵ𣿡
ղŷĵģ
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ɫͻȻ˲еɫַ㱳ԣǰַƴַһȥüؼ׾ΪΣõģֲַ㶯֡
ַ俴ŸеɱԽԽŨ
вܿƵĲַͻȻ˵߰ɣ
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ɫһֺõ˵˺ģԺһร٣ףԸԺȢҶС㣬ĴС䣬һѵĺӣʱһһĺ
ﱾַͬ߸ַպȢҶ磬һѵĺӣϲɵ¶һ˿΢Ц˼ΪѸɽ
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ַаң䵽ҵϣһҪЩ
˿̵ĸ裬ȢҶ統С檵˼ûˡ
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ͷ˵֪ҪǸɫ߰׸һ֣ΪԼѴѵʱɱֻǲ̫ˡ
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ַٴ˵⼸⣬Ǹ㣬ԺٴҿŮ˵⣬붼С
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ҪؼڲչϴЩؼ׾ǰһ㺦˸ʲôˣôŹЩأ
ҶͬʱȻȷˡ
ַ˵ؼѵأһִֵΪһܹӳ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷĸֽȺ׵ľ棬໥֮ᷢںģԼ˱ˡ
ȥһؼ׾չϴʱؼ׵ڱİԼ
Ҷ̧ͷʵֻҪ֮Уӱ޷ӳʵ˵ǵĺðˡ
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ڸ֮ǰŹΪʲô
ʲôҲΪҿˬֲɱŻ뿪֮ǰݺݽѵ

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һȻû̸ɺԼͻΧĹУƾһ֮ɱ˽һǧؼ׾
书֮УûмܹɽˣŶַΪ١
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Ҷϣ˵ǱͲɽˣ㱻ľӴҲûʲô
ԽΪ׵ɽˣ鲻Ϲַ㣬ΰȻĽҲϣ벻֮أ֪ʲôξȻԹۡ
ڹΰˣڽһ֣֪ǲǽ빫ΰǰõļƻ
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ַȻŭȻзȵ˵Ϊΰ鳤Ļ˵ĺܶԡ
ַ˵ΰ϶¶˱ĵı飬Ϊַһ˳ݣԼһƴתӪֺԼ
СΪףľǵϣ¶ʧ֮ɫû뵽ַһˣҪ˵ʱȴݺͱһ
Ҳַ֪뷨˵ַΪʲô˵Ļȴʵ󲻽⡣
ϧڴ֮ϣ޷ѯԭ
Ҷ磬ƴΪΪַ˵⻰һ⣬ֺùΰ档
ϤַҶ磬ַ֪һ򲻿˵Ƣ빫ΰιȻַһò
ҲΪַ˽빫ΰȴΪ
ַ㵱۶£½빫ΰ֮˵Ļַֻ㷴ǵĿʼ
Ȼַ˵˻һҶҪŸȥʢǣɽҪն˹ΰ鳤ԴԱʾĳ⡭
磬ȥʢҲûʲôȴΪΰ泤ɽĸܱնԴȻˣΰ鳤Ϊ¿еĻҿȥ̸¡


655  ΪŮ˲˼
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ͻȻŵĺܴ󣬵ȴ֪˵ʲôãԼ
Ҷ磬ƴ롣
ַ֮ì֮ܵķȷõĺ빫ΰɽҪ˵˲ǣҲǳ˵Ρ
̸ַеʹ˵Ļ빫ΰɣҲò˵ѵ֤ݡ
ַҲǿ׼˽빫ΰ˽ˣΪɽԼС˵Ļ
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ԵĻǹȻԼ
ղȰ˵ΪɽԼ֮㷴£ǲ˵̰֮ͽ
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ղַĻڵ˶Щ֪룬ΰȴһ仰⣬һжԷŵĸо
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ΪǣȻҪѣһˡ
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ַĻ˶˼֮С
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ʱƴҲֳҲǵˣΪ˱ʾ⣬ƴӴʢǴɽƴСƴȴ飬ӷȥֻʣҼ̸С
ƴаַµȻǿˬǣַȻҲǣ˽ȥַ˵Щ֮󣬶ʱ֤¡
ƴõĸǸɽ꣬û˼˵һѻĻſŶȲżߣ˲֪ࡣ
ƴȸмЩչˣָмַӣΪάַòΥ˵ѣַ˵ȷ¡
ƴ϶֮󣬳˹ΰ֮⣬˶ģҲȷƴһѵˡ
һɽ׷ַ˵ˣǹ̸˵ʲô
˶֪飬ֽĿ⼯ַϡ
ַȻż˵ڴ߶˼
ַ̫װǻƣȻַ֪˵ĶǻѻַĻ˵бۣĻ棬ҲϣַһԲ˵
ַڿ˵ҵȻܽܣĻ磬ԻŻֻίߣװӦ顭
ԽԽַſڴƻƣһ򼫽ӷȵĹΰʱȻŭ
Ŀַ˵һֻ޷Բ˵ˣȻӦ˸ΪʲôҪ׷ɱ㣬Ǵչɱؼһǧٶˣ
ҶüȻһʼַ㽫еһн͵ȱĻȴ¶
ַȻЭ飬ͲɱΧش
һ㣬ô˵޷Բ˵ƫƫһ©ֱΰץסˣٵľǼٵģô˵ҲģַһֻҪ¶ˣ
ַ㲢ûṫΰŭֻ΢΢һЦ˵֮ɱΧɱôؼףǳڸ⡣
ǲвɱˣ
ַ˵ǣŲæ˵ûأؼľǴ󶼸꣬ϿɸΪȷԼھеȨ赶ɱˣɱһ¡
ʵϣؼеľ󲿷ʿ˸ŵǿЩȥؼ׹ٱҲϵˣǲŵĻԵһ£û뿪֮󣬼ؼľչϴ
Ҷͬʱ룬벻ַܽ½ȱ
еĽʱŻȻԴؼ׽ʹûһˣƽһ֮ɱһǧؼס
ַȴˣܶ˸Ϊַ㴴漣ǲףԭ漣ġ
ؼеһǧٶʿַϽɱ֮²ôˡ
ٽͨеԵף֪ȷַ뿪֮󣬶ؼ׾չϴԼжؼ׹ٱȺɱ
ԼҲΪϲ͵ˣƾһɱôؼ׾벻Ȼģ
ΰҲ΢΢һַЩ˵̫޷ˣƴΪʲôǰ뿪Ϊʲôƾһ֮ɱΧ
һ£ΰЩַĻˡ
Ѿ˽⵽ַɱΧʱɱֻؼ׾ȴûһͨʿⱾͽͲͨ
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ΰĬ벻κַĽڣֻбֳĬ
Ҷ纬ЦַһۣѻƪôԵɰأ
룬ַӵǿı֯µȥ´̫ϧˡ
ԼĻЩסˣַаЦЦҳϣ᲻ȥʢǣԸ⿴ȥʢգŻίߣһǣҲϣΰ鳤ڰıС
еҶ˵ˣΪôһø⣬λΪȥʢǣֽΰ鳤ԴҲһӪŷɽĻҾԡ
ַ˵빫ΰһ˰ۣ벻ַ޳ܣҶ磬ֲ֮˷Լ䡣
ǿɲΪַĻںǵ
ַҶ磬ŮŶԣΪַһΪŮˣϧˡ


656  ֻں
һɵĽһ񣬶֣µ˵䣬һȻû̸ɺ飬ȴشؼ׾
ڲѾìأɽսҲѶ˺һжΪɽˣĩ飬ΪɽĴ󽫾ǿƴһɼλ󽫾ͬ
һ˵˷׷׽
ڹΰˣһζûгԷԣȻǶԼˣȴҲйͬ档
һӹɽĻϵ˶ʧȥԼӵеһС
ΰȻз飬ȴҲðŷŭΣշ¡
˿۹Уɵö˼Թޣڴ֮ͥ£Ƕǰˡ
ǿһƴɽʵ󽫾
Уһֹ֧ΰǿȻҪ֧ĸ׽棬ƴ֧ɽȨƵ󽫾֧ԼˣʹɽһԵƽ⡣
ַ㵱ɽĴ󽫾Ļһһ󽫾ʱƱػ໥֮ƽ⡣
ַ飬ΰ㷴Ҳûá
ҶϣҲ¶һϲɫ
ַ֪ݣҲַ֪㲢ɽĴ󽫾һְϣôַ֧㣬ǵȻ¶ε΢Ц
˶ַΪ󽫾
עУְɴĿ˵ɨ˵з׷ֱɾĸо
Թΰ־ļᶨҲӿ޵ĸоûɵ΢΢һȡ
˵евţĴ󽫾Ȼʵ飬Եϰ߹е£󽫾Ҳء
˵⻰һȻ˭ַ֪ƴĹϵ˴󽫾ĻеӵĹ̡
ֵַȷΪɽ˴󹦣ڹ˽ñΪ󽫾
ȴܾ˵飬ղĽ¶һʧ
ַ㵹νͲɽĴ󽫾һְϣҲ֪ʵݣ֪֮ô飬ַҲû˵ʲô
෴ΰɫһЩҲΪʲôԼĻᣬȴ֧֡
ֻҪַ㲻վȨ޷棬ǾͲýַϡ
СѯһӦôӦɽµ
ֹ֧ΰֽ֧ˣȻԸԼͷأ֧ҲԸ벻֮أ˶֧ԿַشؼףѾġ
ǿڵ´ľҹɽĻǾʹһ仨ˮЭ
ϵҲ׷ΪǿĻսͻȷҲûȥʢǵһ¡
½ַ֮ȴ£뵽˽鷿С
鷿Уҿסݵɴ¶һȱϸʥĹ
ӵĻе˲䣬޵Ĺɾ
Ư֮Ҷ磬Ԫ̻ԼɵвɫǵʶҪѷ
֮УǰַƯŮƺ̫Ĺԣʹ˶͸ģ峺ġ
һȱŮѾܱΪŮӦñŮ
ַͻȻףһΪգŮɫĸɽΪʲôǰŮϧľץ
ַֻΪԼʹã˿עҲӿµ뷨Ϊκ˸ҶȱӵŮзǷ֮Ļ
ͬһƤСŮ˵ÿ𣿡
ַʵʵ˵ÿ
˵ɽ빲жΪң
˵жΪ㣬ȫΪ㣬ҪȻһһ֮ˣڣҪľҲһ׵飬ΪĴڶġ
ллɽڲ빫ΰûпҵʵݣ֪Ϊʲôȴҵʵģ𣿡
ַҡҡͷȷʵ֪
ҪԶסңҲպҲûмĻˡ
ַҲЩ˸УƯʵŮŮһǸоԷ͸ģġ
Ҳ͸ģģԶŮһ
֪ⲻܣԼҪԪģ䣬ҲԶ뿪ɽ
Լ뿪Ԫֻ½ҲûĻˡ
żҲֻǵеĳ£һˣԼ͹ƽķ룬Ӵĩ·
ַжԼ˵ҵȻס㣬Ѿߵҵˡ
ע˺þãַ㿴ŴԴģ˵Ҷڻ½
ַ˿뵽ԼΪʲôԸ뿪֮֮ǰҪֻһڣսǱݽҲһڡ
ֻҪԼ취Ļһڶ֮ڣսǱԼ½ѾûʲôֵˣԼȫԴҶȥԪ
ֻҪԼˣû˻ΪҲһʱ֮Լ
ڣף֮ʵڵһˣɽ֮ǰ֪ˣȴһֱڵȴŶԷ
ֱڼһ̣֪Լ½ϣһֱڵȺԷһ̡
˵Ҳ޵ʵġ
ڼʮǰɽԤԵԼ֮һ̣ԼļʶѾΪ˶֡
ַ֪Լʼڵһˣ˶Էȴ֪ԼǸܹߵһ
ЦЦоȻһ˿Ǹ뿪ɽ
Ϊʲô
ַ㣬ʵ֣ҿƺ𣿡
ַо˵֮ʱ˸УΪ˳嵭˸ߣЦЦ˵ֻҪϲҰèԣ
ЦַһõԤУ˵ѵҪȥʢǣ
ǵģΪɽ˵İΣҲòȥַ㣬Ļƭˣΰ涼ƭˣȴƭңҵѾʵһУ˹ΰ鳤ԴҪⶼƭǵģ
벻СԴ뷨ַ֪һʢǣٻɽܹպʢǰȻȥѾǺܺõĽˡ
һ峺ŮԼôܽʢȨħأ
ַԥķԵҷȥ
ַ㣬ģһľ̸ģֻҪҿȥʢǣһòģҲûʢǣʼһ㲻ⷽĹǣ
һ㣬Ȼȥʢǡ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôǷ¡
Ϊɽ˲ãַ㣬лΪɽô࣬һ㲻ҪΪˣ𣿡
ַҡҡͷ˵ֻҪҸŸʢǣұɽ壬һеƻɽɵЭ飬ú塣
һ˿Щ˵֪ǸΪʲôأ
Ҳȥʢǣɽ
ַ㣬㲻ҪòãẦɽ˵ģ
ַעҵľжˣжжⲢڸж֮࣬ͬ
˵֪Ϊɽˣɽ˲ϲʶԲںɽ˵ȴں㡣


657  һ
һԲڷִܹŮһ϶һ£һ
ַһִˣ˫ҵִò
֮ԻòҲַ˵ɽŵˣ˽ǣԼƽϢһεΣҲûܱ֤Ժ󲻻ٳ
ʱɽȻӱˣȻɽս޷⣬ɽͲòá
ȻӦȥʢǣַȴģΪ˷ֹ֦ԼҪľӲС
ΪˣַƴСҪǵܵоӣľս
ɽʵַ֮ԵЩʧ
ƴǿһɲΪɽ֧ɽľӷֱ˵Ѿ㳲ɽĻԸĴ
Ҫɽƾƴָӵ޷빫ΰһˡ
ɽͬӵɽߵֻһǾǺɽ
ɽȴ԰ƵļɣļԶԶ޷Ტۣοɽڲн빫ΰĸأ
СƴԴһĪչɽܵľӣһһˣһˣװǵʣԶԶӾ
ӳӵаһǧؼʿؼ׾ھַشڲϴ֮սʿǰ
ؼ׾ϾľӣֻҪɽɽγشвƫƫڲһɢɳ޷ȫս
֮Զǰ˱ۣҲĿɽڲɽͷһӴϵ˲˵УκβܱԼʵ
־治ıĻַб£ĽҲɽһĲҰβ
ַͻȻ˵һ취нǿһɽյľӣͳһȣֻдӵϣ
СԾ˵һֻΰǿȴֻĸ׽ĻҪջؾȨֻҲѰ쵽
ǲȨҾɱǣڴǴǰ˭ɽ˵ĺȣǾҪ
ƴȻһֱַǿһҲδַǰֵ˺ȥַǿһɵĻͬʱ빫ΰ˺
ַһˣɽȨƵĹΰԣֵùӳ

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󽫾һɼΰ֮¶һı顣
ǰһײļĸ׸һҹ嵱ѾǼҹԺﵱ
һʱĸڵǼҹļУүͻȻҲˣүǻһɵĸ͵Ҫһɵĸ׽
һɵĸײû͵үνĳүǰԼĶͷˣϵΪԼ⡣
үȴһĸ׵ĻҲûͬԷūŹһɵĸס
һɵĸױһɵĸ֮ԼӺԩҲϵĶūˡ
һɵĸױϵĳͻ˼ң̱ڴٺһһɸ׹ϵĳ͸͸ǣүԼĴҵˡ
һɵĸ׵֪֮˼˽̧ԭȹĹ帮ϣүҪ˵
үʱֻ˵˾䣬һѣ˾ˡ
һɵĸǼҹļз˶ٺһɸ׵ʬ屻ǼҹĶūӵ˴ϡ
ôĲƽ֮£һڼǰʧȥĸףڼʧȥ˸ס
Ϊ¶һǼҹǰй䣬ﻹһɱͼһĸĹү
үȴٳţţҲŴĻ
һ죬һҵ˻ᣬүոմ¥һߵʱ򣬱һһ̴ࡣ
ʱһҲڴү֮ڶԷʱԷ䣬Էĺܿ죬һֻ㣬֮һ۾ˡ
ʱĻȾүѪȴûожֲǸеһ˿Ŀ⡣
һɵǼҹ˵ıԭסʼĴˡ
ٺһٶľУԼҴƴմСӳʼһ·Ǩ˽
ΰУ˹ΰͷźɽʵĴ󽫾
һˣʲôҲ֪ȴ֪һ£һУǹΰġ
۹ΰʲôԥȥɣ¹ΰҪȥ˿ԥ
ΰԼԺһɶԹΰй֮󣬹վһߣȻʧȥֶԹΰ𾴡
ΰĵ˵ͷһѾɽʵĴ󽫾ȴȻƴӣҲԼˡ
ΰһ֣ص˵ɽлһսȫɽľӣǿǸ
ΰ˵ƴʱһһüͷĸĸΪϵй壬һȻķС
Уûкù廵ֻ֣֮ҪǹͶɽƴҲһ
һͻȻӿ˵ضһ˵ô࣬һʲô飬ֻܷԸˣ
һɣҵɹȻûп㣬ȻҾ˵ɳôĴƾɽ޷࿹ⳡսջôҲںںǣϵľЩģƴôҲܣȴһҪסϵʮӣ
һ֣صĵͷ˵˵ҲƴǸ壬Ȼ˵ˣҾ͸˵Ļˡ
ΰͷһɵĻ漴Ըһ˵ƴεָӣӵȷ֧ȴҶѪΪãƴ´κ㶼ᣬǸľеĻһҪˡ
˵ǣҾУһܶ
ΰҡҡͷ˵ҵ˼ǣֱɱǸˡ
һһ漴˵ͷ
սѪս꣬һܼɱ˼ɣַﵽʮ㣬ȻԷϡ
Ȼ׹ΰΪʲôҪɱַ㣬ȴ֪Լףֻ֪Լչΰ˵Ļȥˡ
ΰߺ˽
ȥһʱĸ͵͵ȥĺլʱ㱻լеɸסˣԼԺҲҪôһ죬Ҳӵһլ
ѾɽʵĽס˱ĸ׵ȥĹլҪݻס
һסĺլУеǡ⣬һۡ
ʱҲЩһŹЩۣЩɲзϣжʱе㼫ˡ
˽·Ļʹʱ˴վһˣ˱ϸǴһֵĺɫ·
һµĻһ֪ϵ·з£ȴûʣҲûȤʡ
ֻҪ֪·˽ˡ

ַת˵ǡ
һɵ¶˾ı飬ҲǲȫʹȻͬĽУĽΪɭϣһֻһֻ񶼽Ľ
ַȴˣûоκε
һɸоΣյıƽƽʵһûκνʲô
ûͲ𣿡
֪ʲô
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658  ÿ
һһƽ˵Ҫ
ĻԵúƽûһ˿ŵʵѼ֮󣬺˵һ㡣
ַĿģһɷʣ˵ͷ˵һģ㽻
รҾ͸㣿
á
һɫƽĳԼһƺһ漴һһɵնѸ磬ֱַȥ
ʱ䣬ַȻսжȹҲòϣһɵһȷϬܿݣĳĽࡣ
һɵĵȻǳʦһȥҲǺһٶȴ죬ٶȶ۵ĻƺҲ˳ֿݡ
ַ㾪ǣ֪ɱˣһסַ߰˴ҪַǸλеᵱ
ڴ֮ǰַܶһǿĶǿߣ֮԰ۣ֮ǰһȻЩǿᲢۡ
ƺǸɱˣַҲɱˣѪĩУǶɱ͸˽⣬ɱܶͬǿߡ
ɱ˼ʱҪԳս
ȻҲַ㣬Ȼַ׼һɵһȴʵ̫̫죬ڶܵʱַǰһɵĵɨϵķҲһ߳Ŀӡ
ַƽĿ˿ǰƵķһۣղŵĶܣһĻ˿Ѿˡ
ǲһ㣬źδˣһ˹Ȼܻɱˣַٵо֮ḻҲһ˶ԷĶ֡
ַϵ·ڱһһ֮ĵͻȻһķ漴
ַϵ·һɲûͶ̫ĹעֻǵСѣΨһǣַȻȫһ⵹Щϡ
һɲģѪսѾʹ־ޱȣȻһգûʹܵκӰ죬Ȼɱַġ
ѪսУܶսǿˣƾеһɺݾ벻侫Żڡ
ĶȴˣǰƯ˲Ϊ⣬ȷš
һֳֳͻȻЦʹ졭ʮ꣬ûһ˿ԶҵȫһһɸǺųɱ˲õڶ벻ȴܶһҺ֪㻹ܶҼ
ֻܶùһ
ַ˶٣ּΪƽĿ˵ûлڶˣ
δ䣬ַһնһɡ
ʼգһɶûпַʲôʱȡıַıʱȴˣַһѼΪı
Ѫˮһɵľֱͦͦˤ˵ϣһ˫۾ĿĿϷݶԺҲʶ
ĸĸʱ·ݶ΢Ц漴ƺĸױ׷ѪȻ档
ǿүһɱ̴࣬еĵӴӹүгүڵѪˮȪһӿһһ
үѪǰѪһʺ졣
һɸȢн檶Ͷ˱˵ĻϵǣںЩԸֶΰĲƸ
ֱһƶϴʬͷʬ˶ûС
һɵ¶΢ЦԭԼʼնһжʱ䣬ۼ˱ȹ廹ҪĲƸȻǹ壬һ
ۼвƸҲǹ̡
һοͣ䣬һȦߵʱŷ֣ԭԼǹĻȥʲôûдߣ񵱳ʱһ
ҲⱲӣΨһܹߵģһһϲŭ֣һˣЦݡ
ַ㳰ĿŽѾȥһɣʲôɱ˲õڶ֮Ը˵⻰ΪĶŻ˵
ϵԼھԵǰٻ˵ͷҲ
ַ㸩һɵϷһɵҵ˰ƴСĻǸɵģֳأУһɺ
ڴ֮ǰַСƴ۹αһżٻȥһɵľȨܿʧˡ
һʯĺϽɵģǾαһҲҲ컢Ľ
ַֻоʹգֱķһỢ
ַһɵ˽⣬˼ɣߵκˣĽɵһˣһὫصĶЯʵ¶ˡ
ҲΪַʡȥ˲鷳һɽڱ𴦵Ļټһַ㻹Ҳ
ַ棬űĽǷ֣ҲⱻЩ˷ֵģֻҪԸ⣬Щ˾ֲ
һŹŹ·˴һɵ߳ٽϾ¶˴󲻽ģǲ֪ȥġ
һȵʲôˣ
ַ㲢ûлشĻ˵һɹӣͼ߸ȨѾˣǴԵĲȥƴ󽫾ܸıࣿ
һɫһַ˹
ǲַ֪ĻǼ٣ַôѾֶһɵĸŹַ㣿
һӵַ㡣
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ʮҲҪ˹Ľһסˣղÿ˵ﵽ㣬ڽһ棬ͷء
ֻǵĴ󽫾һɶһ㣬ѵ˵һɴ󽫾Ѿ
ϸĵĽ򿴵ַϸղ˸⣬ͷأϳǰַ
һʧеǡˣ
ʲôˣ
˵ǰ˱Ƿ֮һǿߵһĽδؼ׾˶ԭء
֪ǰľ˭˭û˻ַһ֮С
ԼסˣַŴӻͳ˻нҲˣǵȷǻΪǲʱɽ˵Ļá
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ţˣ˭࿹
ʮһַȥͬ˵ҵԸƴ󽫾κεǲ
ַĿ⿴ԶһĿ꣬ǿ
ַ͵͵һɵĸУһնһɣĻַͬ㲢ûǱǿĽǲķӲ
Щ취ֻһΣԼɱһɵϢѾ˳ȥԼ֪͵ǿĽҲ
һΣֱַӽ˽ǿĽ
ַһնɱ˴󽫾һɵѾ˳ȥɽС󣬽ǿĸѾõϢĽ䱸ҲԱȹȥҪɭ˺ܶࡣ
ַ㿴Ҳδֱӽ˽ǿĽǿĽɭϣҲȲַȥӴӪ
ַӵĴӪ£½ǿЩͨ
ַ㲻£ϵȴ£ɽַһɽΪѾһһ㴫ɽ
һɱһɵĶħ˽ǽ𸮵Ľױ˵嶼
ֲַ֪һ֮󣬼еĻ뽫ǵֶԼıñַΪԼҪԸԷɱ
Щɫ԰׵Ľ뻤ǣַû˵̫໰ֻǶ˵ÿ


659  Ů帣
ܵıɱ⣬Щǵʱһ
Ҳ֪ԼÿĻԲǿ󽫾ǵ࣬Բ˵ǵ廹ǲÿˡ
һÿʿǣҲЫһԶԶ㿪ַ㡣
һĴַɽȨƵ󽫾֮һĽǿԼѵϷҶĻˣִҲˡ
ǿһѰǰǰϷŴȨĻַһɵĻ֪ǿϵĻġ
֮ǰĽǿ˫ץסһ̳ӵƣԼһ͹ࡣ
κνǿ̫С̳㵹ķ̫󣬵´ľˮĽǿǣַȻϲƣҲᵽ˿кŵľ㣬ɴ˿֪ǿȵľһ
ͻȻ䣬ǿ̳ӷϣҵĿ
ַڿڵǿֿҾţģ
˾˰ɣֻԺҲûĻˣ
漴ǿץ˾̳ӣַһİﵽһƣַ˵ȻĽѾãûй۵ĻᣬǵһۣҲпһۣҽֺһ
ַ㿴˿ƣȷⱭû⡣
ĻǿԼҲȣ׾ڵ֮Ե͸ޱȣľƾ͸ȻҲû⡣
ַҡҡͷ˵ҲϰߺҾơ
⵹ʵһУַ㲢ǶǿĴڣҰԵĻºһƣҲᱻĹ޲׽
һֻżȵƣǱ̻Ӱ죬Ҿƣϲ
ǿͻȻ˵ѵ֮˵ССҪ󶼲ҾˣǰûлֺһƵĻͻܲģ
ַӹϵİ׾ƣһ
˼оз·һŻ𻺻ַҡҡͷԼȷںҾơ
ǿˬĴЦֹȻѣ֪ûģϣھͿԿҵԴȡˣ
˵仰ǿٴץ̳ӣ϶µһСľƱǿȵ˿У󲿷ֵҾƶϣϡ
峺İ׾䵽ذϣžھҡ
ǿ̳֮󣬻ΪһƬַ֮ʵǿΪ˵Լǽ֮ˣ
첻ɱҵ𣿡
ǿΪʲô룿
ʢֺճ󣬱ߵɱŹһˣɽսڼɽڲȴɽͷҪսʤӵĻɽеֻмеһҽǿȻʲôˣȴҲܿһ㣬һɶֵİʯֵĹϣȻŹңΪɽҲһ£
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һΣһҪӣסɽҲһûа
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ǿһ漴˵ֲɱң
ǲ̺ɱˣֻһ̫ʶʱҲŲòǿȻһˣȻΪʲôҪɱ㣿
ǿ¶ı飬˫𻢷ַǰϹϾ˵𻢷Ժ󣬰ڣֵǲ
ַ㲢ûнӻǵ˵ֻҪǿֿȫƴ˭ﲢҪ
ǿϵľַ㲻ɱѵ˴
ɵַ˵һɽսʱͲͻȻڣϵľ𣿡
㲻ˡ
ǿ˵飬ַҲûƾԵ˽⣬ǿַ޳СˣȨǵϷҶĻˣַȻɱ˵
ǿȻǻˣԼĻԼ߻ԼЧҪõĶࡣ
ַɱһɣҲûа취飬һɸһΩΰ֮ǴӣԭļһˣַȻҪɱˡ
һվѾãԼûһеľӽƴȣһµʿ뽫ǣϿƴλʱ˾ƴлܹǿǣҲʹӵս½
󻻽ǱҴɡ
һ޺ϣˣַҲòɱǿĽ֮󣬷ֽǿһɸһˡ
ǿ֧ӿսҲǷģȻĻƴǿĶ֮ʱڲŲֻᷢš
ǿ˵ʱˮشʧĻַ㵽ʱɱҲüţǿȻ˵⻰;
ǿĽ֮ǰַҲЩԥ
Ȼһһܹϵˣȴ֪ǿһɲͬ
һֻǹΰµһĸɱһɣ㹫ΰҪӴѹ֮£ҲԼôһ군
ǿһǿǽĶӣɽˣһĶӱɱˣɥӣ˵ͻȻ裬ʱɽľԿˡ
ɱɱǿַһֱԥڼ˽ǿ֮ףǿԼʶˡ
ҲյԺƽǿҲʾһսһƴַ֮Ǵӡ
벻鷳׵Ľˣַʱеɣַ뿪ʱ򣬽ǿַСĹΰ
ΰ´󽫱ɱ˼ʮľӱᣬԹΰӲɳԿԸֻ²ַ㣬ƴưոݡ
˽ǿ⻰ַ֪Լûпˡ
ҪȻǿԼַν˵ΰѵȵù𣿡
ǿһҲǣΰȻΪԼ۲˶٣Ͼۣǿ߶ַΰôֵַ˺أ
ַصԼסʱɫѾˣܸˣһ죬˺ܶ£ɽڲһһˡ
ַոճһ㶫ˡ
Ե޹䣬֪ΪʲôԵ˷ܣƽʱ˺ܶ࣬ЦǵĴӢڻˣ
ʲôڻˣ
ַѯ֮²֪һ磬ѾҶˣַ˵㶼֪ˣ
ϲ̵˵ȫǵ˶֪Щ£Ҷӽô᲻֪벻ִԪʱ򣬱Ϊս֮ҲǴŹʡ
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ַͷ˵֪ΰ˽ˣŲΪߵһͬھأ
ͻȻˣ·뵽ʲôݵ飬˺þãɬ˵ִ磬͵ķϣҽҪһ㸣
ַ΢΢һ漴ʵʲô
Щ˵Ԫкӵˣѵ˵ʲô˼𣿡
ַﻰеĺ壬ӵн̻ز˵ַ㲻ϲĴظҲǲܵġ
ܸоãԼ˺֮εҪԣѾͷףԺƺˡ
ַЩΪѵ˵ҺѶκγŵԼĸԸĸһԪۣ֪᲻ֵܽȥԪ
СɵϣںЩĻͲɽˣȥȥԪһ˵˵һսǱ㶼սУҲŲԼԺڣҸ֪ҲĻһӣ
ΪŮַʱȻװɵˡ
һѳС˵Զˡ


660  Ů֮
޷İַһ˵Сɵϣ
仰·һţʹַһȣǰ˻Ըеĺ촽ȥ
˳סַĲӣַǰͻҲַؿڡ
ǵõҶĸϣ˾ţΰؿھַʱַʮִ̼ĸо
ʱַͺ뽫ǰΰкúðһ
ʱҶĹۣҪ˲Ÿոʶַ㵱ʱĻԲҶ磬˵ûᰤＸ⡣
һⶼˡ
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Ǵ˿Ѿ˶ԷУȴ֪⡣
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漴ַ㱧ŵԼĴϣﵹڴϣزѩȻ߸ַ߰㿴ʳĴ󶯡
ڣַһ˵˴ϣ˵ϣ漴ܽʵĴҡŴִȵҡ
ߺƺ
һҹȥﴩ·ʱַѾͷϱȹȥһɳζǰСã渧һҹ֮󣬸ǷԼַԽԽϵˡ
ַ㰵̾ԼԪĺ󹬾͹Ӵˣڻĸأĸ󹬵Ȧˣ֮ܵ򣬲֪ǲǽԼĺ󹬣󵽼̫ͣʱԼﶼŮˡ
Զ˱ĺŽǣɽ˶ڽս
СѾͷҹ޾ᣬַһѾͷƯҲҶ磬ûʥ࣬˵ֻҪ˶ҪǿĶࡣ
ŮֻҪԸԼԪĻַһ˫ֻӭ뵽ˣȥԪЩ̫ܣЩȻˡ

֪ɽеַƣᵽƴУΰһΰԵһ˵Ҫȥɱ
ɱһɵĻȻƴȻ᲻ؾӣ˵ᱻˣʱ˱ͬھ³ȵ˵ɡ
ΪӦõȵʲôʱʰźһЩ
ȻһʤϣǺܴ󣬵ܸо˺ֶΣΪʤʲô޳ֶζõĳ˵ĻܸˣӴܶĻʱǾͿԳջеʤʵˡ
Щɻ˵ûлƴջʤˣǲߣǵʱܵõʲôأ
ΰƻһЦ˵鲢û򵥣ΪһЩܹʮĽһ黢Ҳ㣬ȥһлҵĻȻָӲʮܣһ̣ױ֪
»ǲף
ʱ֪еһˡ
һɶԹΰȻģΰȴȫһɣųԼ֮κˣ˻Ȼбķ֧ӡ
һɾд󲿷ֵĽ󲿷ֶм˵İѱϣдЧҹΰ顣
飬ΰҲЩǲĻҪȻͽЩİѱ֮ڣѵ³
˵һɾκһȨĽаѱЧڹΰУȴ㶯ЩֶΣҵĻʧҲ档
ϾĿǰɽУԹΰȨַȻðĿ죬ɽʱ̫̣Ҳû̫ĸŲַ
ΰΪɽʤʤɽģҲģţַ㵱˵ҪҶʢǣҪնͷ­
Ҳ飬ΰȴŸҪԴҲϣȥʢǣҪȻͻԶʧȥλʥിŮˣûǼַ
ȻַһɵľȨӽһԼ͸һλᣬܸ֮ٴʰеʤʵ

УҲɽԽԽܼľӵľٶ۷׷ס
ѵɽѾҪӲƴһȺϴļװѵʲôսɣİս
ɽľҲ¶һ˿֮ɫȻַǣǰҶϸʢǵĻԿǷŹɽЩ
ڣֻҪַ㲻˱
ûܹ˴裬ǰַˣĲᣬַвȣ澡ʧ
涪Ļַ֮ʱĸͣΪַ֮ԲɱҪ澡ʧȥ
ַ裬Ҳȷ˺ܴصױ˸Щ
ĸرŭǰһ㱨ɽĽ˵˵㣬㱻ն
ڸϲŭ޳енǣڸ˵ʱҲıһС
ַŻ֮ɱؼ׾еĴ󲿷־٣ԼڽеؼʿͨеǰؼƿһС
ڣؼ׵Ŀȷǰǿˡ
Щؼ׵ͨ٣ǵľԶԶؼ׾ͨؼʿεĽҲһԹ㵼ؼ׵ʿΪʧ䣬սǽؼ׽͵㡣
֪ǣַ㵱֮Ϊ˽ӣʵϣؼ׾ٵϴҲȷַĴæ쵼ؼ׾Ļַ㼯ɽеıȻ޷ľᲢۡ
ַҲ֪ɽӢ·ֻʤһ棬ʤ㣬ڸϣؼ׾Ȼɾ
ҲڸλܽĴĻ̻̣ɽ˵ʤĺûᡣ
֪Щл룬İӣһǧؼ׾ҪɱɽСһɱɽ֮һҪɱ˰ַڵˣɽеƯŮˡ
Ҷ磬ƯŮ־ڱصãɽԽԽܼĺŽ¶˲̵ı飬һ˵ʿǣǧñһʱΪЧʱ̵ˣһɱɽɱ˳Ůף׽ɽһŮ
һܸصĽ۴ǣһɱɽȥ׽ɽŮ


661  ţ
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ʱַǺĶԸ˵ЩȻȴûнĻϡ
ַΪڶɱģعͷƴ˵ʮĳ׼𣿡
Ѿ׼ˣʮоľһǿеľҲУȻ޷ؼᲢۣ˵սʵӦû֮ͨϣֻǵʵ̫٣ֻ´Ȼ޷ӣ
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ƴȻһַʮ㣬ҲַĴ󵨼ƻŻˣַļƻǼ㳲ԷսҪƱԾʤƽӹ
ƴȻַƻҲַľ²ܣ˫ʵ⣬֮ؼ׵вڣַֻʮôܻİأ
ַ˵ţγֲڴţأ
ƴʵԶʮɱԼһǧؼʿ𣿡
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ַվʮǰʱ򣬿Լǰʿʿ䣬ҲЩߡ
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ַ˵ЩȻ˵ȴʵ飬һ˲ţԴǵ˵ЩȻӮ˲ʿĺȲ
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һݻԺһǿĻʹΰ˵һΣʤ𣿡
ΰЩ۵˵ǰΪ˺ܲ򵥣ҲʤϣڿǰʤϣûˣԹñԽԽãɽʿҲа֮࣬Ȼв˵ȫǾ񣬵ޡ
ַȴֻöʮˣİһǧؼףⲻԼҪɽʮľһ군һΣɽֻ¶Ҫç
Щĵʵѵûһʤϣ𣿡
µĶʮʿؼ׾޵
ôܣؼ׾Ǻ˽ǧʱ䣬Ŵһ֧޵оãɽʱ֯ں֮ڣôܴﵽؼ׵ľأ
ҲŻ˵һαذɡ

ҶȻǿѪȵɱ¾͸֮飬ַ˸ȥѪȳ档
ŮһѾΪԼŮˣһҲһΪԼŮˣΪˣַԼбӻǵΣҪԼһпȷѪꡣ
һҹ꣬Ѿͷֱڶ·ʱȻЩģżһȳһա
ǸСѾͷΪʲôҲַ֪ȴ֪ôֱڶȷһҲûеԼȥðأ
ַ㼯ʿʱĽҶ˹ȥҪһַ֤ʤʱ̡
޹ӽεԼıԼҪԸߣòԼҶ磬Ҳսַ˹Ȼ޸ǳ
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촽λãһսôַжʤϣ
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Ĺΰ常꣬ɽλȴʼ޷빫ΰӦֱһ֮ҹͻȻ˹ΰеѪĶ֧
ΨһģǶַԤ⡣
ȴΪԼҪ᲻˷ԼΪʱ̣ԤַǶ裬ߣҲԼжϡ
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ҶҲ˵ִʶ꣬Ԫֶμ棬һвսҴûڱϳԹ෴ҵĴΪ֮һǿߣȴӶִϳԴ˾ҵĴᲢۣôִĶأ
ҲͷͬĿ˵ȻᲢۡ
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վܽԷԵַֻʮİһǧؼ࿹⣬˻ΪѻʯȴҲΪַ˷ʤ
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ҶжĽ֮ɫ벻Ů˿˵زӵ˸߹󴿾ʡ
㽵ģв뵽һ£ѵԼĲ²
ǰӵ㴿ŮѵҲַҪȻΪʲôԼ޵ַȡյʤأ


662  ս
սҪʼˣַƴ˵е׼𣿡
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иȷϣַǿԺҲԹʼʩɱԼĽǰ
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ַҪԼ̸ҲַҪԼ˵Щʲô
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Աؼ׻Ҫǧؼ׾Լ߱ȾʿҪͨʿַҲԳޣľӣȷҪɽࡣ
ԼǧѡѡʮʿҲԶߵ˾
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һܣǧ˵ľǸˡ
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ȻǧףַȻ˸˽ɫȻԼᵽǰвָӵ顣
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ǱַĻŭˣȻ㲻ģҪ󽫾ʲô
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֪ǣַУһļһ
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һֱɽѾսƣɽҪĵΣ˫ܴѽѷ֡
ڣɽָӹ٣ȻҪЩɽΣӲƴȷһС
ˣھʤ֮ԣΪԼ޵УŻǵҲ˵ַ˵޵Уȴһ˧š
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ڣʧȥ˿ƣ沨ʼƴĳԶȥ
ȻЩʿҲ֪Ǳ֪ʿһ壬ҲϡͿĳԶȥ
ʱԶһ˸ն˸Եоϣо쵹˵ϣʿԼһĴ쵹أһܵĸˡ
ҲЩɵˣ벻ʧصֵز
ַ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ղŵһвãģʷˮ֮սҲû˵ˮ֮սԼ«һԡ
ַû뵽ǣЧȻõĳ
ַĵһЦ˵ɱȥһҪ˸ӡ
ƴСǿɽҪҲûϵת֮죬ͻȻ֮ʧˡ
һҲ˷ܵĳɱѾеӡ


663  ƴ
Ӹ󳷵һӱܾѶ
ⲻòַϻ޴ˣİ赱ôأɽһĸ˵ĲΪʲôأ
ɽͬһȺ˾ŵҰް㾪ʧĴӡ
ؼȻǺսľãֻһǧˣҲδػɽĶʮ
̺ͬˮİܾǰؼ׾ֵĶҲԼ˸ˣһؼ׾ͱңҲ޷ս
һؼףİܱһ壬ҲɨҶ㱻ܾˡ
ؼ׾˵о󲿷ֵĳٶ˸ϴС
Щεľ򲢲ؼڲӵĴţ֮ͽЩڵؼ׾֮󣬱޷ڡ
Ӵģĺ˱ܣЩͶԸгɼؼʿǴ˿ҲΪ沨ܴеһԱ
˿ָ̾ӹУҲŤתս֣Ҫ˵ıĸˡ
ַ׷İܱ֮䣬ȺͨʿĽ£ƴСǿһҲİٱеıкӵĹٱϡ
ܾ֮¡
ɽ׷ɱ£ӵʿͬûͷӬһĴײСʱļսУʮֻߵʿɱʮʿڲԼ˵໥̤С
һսеһȥɱһ֣ʧɢһ֣Ȼػڸߵֻʣ˲ʮ
òװ׷һ֪ɽУ챯üβһ޵ıȥ
֮ǰϻһһ֧޵еľãʿ
ڣĲӣȴ֮ʿսʧ٣ɽ׷ǵľеĶʮӵʮ򣬲;׷ɱӡ
ɽһܣʹľӳ׳һ֧˺ĹָӹٸǴ˺м¼һβҰܡ
¸ûûεһˣ겻ĴܣҲе
ҧгݵַ㱰޳ܣǸƯˣСʹֱ޳ֶܵδ
ɽӴɽϸƣĻɽѾ
˭뵽һˣַ뼸ʮߺӰˣڳڲ˾޴Ļҡ
ַһǣһڲļǧѾڴڲɢҥԣҲ˵ӰˣѾɱ
ǰʿ֪ΪʲôͻȻɽ˶ںӰˣˣǲЩŽɡ
ڲһЩҲʼɢЩϢսܵϢһڰɢˣʷһβҰܡ
ж׵ľǣֿͷɥʮ˵ľӣ¶˾֮ɫ
ͻȻγԼĲϣҪԲá
жǣʮ׷Χסееıе鳤˲˸ߺ󽫾һҪԼ
ղսܵ;У谮СʧɢҾУЩҾ֮УҲ
ʹĵǣЩ檺пЩ֣֮ЩĴ³ԼЩ罿εεС檣Ȼһɱ£ǻὫЩĹﾡ衣
ԴԺЩƯСǣձǵͬƤᣬ챻Щڿ¾衣
λĵһ󽫾鳤ˣԴ͵ˡ
Ժһ͵ñȻˣ뼴ĳͷȣҲ㲻ʲô
۸ɽ֮ǰô̻λܵܣδеĴܣɽΪ˸ȫһҲɱƽϢߡ
պõĽ֣ҲǱΪһ
ԺҲӣĽǣ챻Щļڿʹνܵˣ
ˣ뵽
жǣƷȻãеĽֹȰԱŷɱͷ
ЩҲһڲҪҪˡ
һγɽ˵ǿ׳ؼУһͷָ֧Ҳ˽ɽѾɱзļ
Ҷ磬ɽѾ֮ҪץסҲСһȻľӸ˸һͿأ
һʼżϴؼףɽѾʱ´˳˵ôܵң
֮ԻΪףһԼպصʢǣ񲻳
ˣеľ٣һЩܸżľҲɱֻҪиڣ׷Σ׷ǵͷϡ
ʵƷûԼеá
˵ҸӴ˴ܣʵûȥϣλͬȴάңҲܲλ棬ҶԴ˵һ仰Ҹжɽһ죬λյĶ飿
ΧĽǱϴкãȴϵĳ
Щĵ˸δ֮ܣɽĸ磬ֻҲάˣ˷ǧУѾϻ£㻹㷭
Զһ˵һΪĻɱأʱʡҵˣ벻ֻӣȻˣһ̰ɣ
˿ַѾ˹ȻֻˣȴɽƴСǿС
˳˸ƴԽڶ˵һҪǧУ
ƴȻѾԲǷ޷ֿô꣬ȴǰ˸ģǰΪĹ壬ȴһѾ
ǸЩҲᾭôıϣžˣɱ˸һоˡ
ҲƴԷ˵İ࣬ҵ鳤ۡΪʲôûн˴㣬Ž˽죿
ҽȴ᷸ȥĴ󡣡
˵ֵܣֻˣǻнʮˣɱߣ
һٴͷɥ˵󽫾㻹ЪЪɣؼЩ˵񶼲֪ȥˣһȺбܽôǵĵ֣
һ˵˵ĲѾոմʤһ磬ǵǵʮ౶ҲδػЩѾĶ֣ȻЩѾϵǵĴҲһڸǱѾĴΧסҪˣ
һ£ҲûɢĿڵһܡ
˸ʮĶӡ
ַ㣬ƴںһɱնɱ˴ʿһЩĽһ£ֻҪһ𣬱Σķ֮ȫĶࡣ
ٽʼԼţ˸Ĵ󲿶ӣģߵԽԽ٣ֻʣ˲һŻ׷
ɽҲʼɢͷ׷ɱ·ӣַֻƴߵǧˣԸ׷ᡣ
ַƴڽһûгڵɽС
ַ˵˸˷Ҳɱǣ
ַ˵ǲҪ˵ĺ˵˵ľӻģټһᣬľӾͻˣ
ЩʿǼԼһ˾ַͣ类˵
ԸĻ֮Աǣİؼ׾ɢˣӾɥﻹȱ
Ƭ֮䣬˶ӵ˳ȥֻʣˡ
ַڶεвҲȺ߳ɽȣʮʿǱŭĸնΪΡ
һҪĸַ㻺ƽ
˵ŹκζŮ˶˼ˣҴ˼;㣬㲢£ȻҲֻˣ
һ֮ԼַģҲŹԼŭĶַб¾͹ɣƴˣ


664  
ƴ˵ޣ
ַ㲻õ˵ҵģѵ㻹Ҫ˲ɣ
ַģƴִַܱ֮Ϊ󽫾һе˶˵ڻַɽĹУӹ޴á
Ҳ˲֪ƴȴ֪ڻɽ;Уؼ׾ַֻһˣˡ
ʱʤַһ˵ʤ
ٺַӪоӣⶼƴַм֣һֱƴǷ˵飬һһ˱ǰַ㡣
ȻַΪʲôҪɱǵͷ˵޾ͽˡ
ַĽӿڵ⻹ࡣ
˵仰ַǰ̤һñĿⶢŸ
ƴղŲַΪʲôҪɱ˸Ҷ磬ȥзǷ֮룬ȴѡ
ַڣ޷Ҷ磬ռˡ
ַ㲢ûڸϳԹκο෴ַ´Ӫٳָʹɨء
죬һִĴ˵޵ĻҲøַŶԣַȴûκκ޸ɡ
˵ַɱ˸ΪĻǾ͸˵ͨˡ
ַȥ۵һʵĽδؼףöʮˣһһǧؼʿ
Щ£һ˵ȥˣ
ֻλȨأȴʲôĸһ˾һͷϵ˹ҲǿȥַʵûбҪȥɱһˣԽ
ƴ벻ַΪʲôҪַֽûƴɻϡ
֮ҪɱΪоɱ˸оû̫µɣһϲԲֵַ㣬ѾԼһУֻҪɱ˸ⳡսĻˡ
˵ΪʲôԼҪԶַ֣㲻ԸȥǺɽصʢǣҲյ³Ǳɽ棬˭ɱ˸ɱ֮
ȻʲôҲǣɽ׵ܵܡ
춯ֵƴ˵ĻԺΣգѾˣȴӵǧĺɽʮڵĳ
Ҫɱһ˵Ļʲô¡
ַ˲һѰܣ֮鶼Ѿˣ˸ɽֻҪһ֮صԪĻɽҲܽô
ַ㻺ƹ¶ı顣
ղַƴԻ֮ʱҪɱ·һͷ׵ķ
Ͼ鳤ĵһʢǶƶ˵죬ǰȴΪ˭ɱִ۸˵ҲĪڴˡ
ַһ죬һѱѾʼգû˵һ仰Ҳм˵
ս֪пԼһһˡ
֮ǰںԼô֪ǲ˼֣֮Ժǲ챻Щʹ
ڣȴһˣΪԼϾҪˣȻٹıˡ
ͻȻЦ
ַñĿ⿴һ֮ǰȿ޻ЦҲ˼ĿݣϾԸһ֮˼ƽôࡣ
Ц˺þã˵ҿ԰ȥˣ֪֮ҲȥҵģҵĴǾŹġ
ַڿڵĸƨңҲ⽫ͬһˮһǱ
еŭǵһĸ磬Ȼַ£һⲢ˵ĸҲǷ
ֻɽͽ֪Բһ͵ˣַ㵱Ȼ֪ЩǰĻ
ŸƵ˹ַеıһ£漴ͷ߸߷һǻѪľȻΧС
ŵڵϣѾûκϢĸַҡҡͷ
֪Խ쿪ʼⳡսѾĻˣ۸ɽôɱԼҲ޷ڶʱڣ֯һ֧ɽ
ǸɽֻԼɽΪݣԼĿԲĻ̫ƵԼˡ
ɽʱַ㻹Ǹеһ˿ѹ
ֱڣַȻΪԼڹƽĽսʤۣҪ˵۵ĸɽˣҲɽ֮ĵһǿ߰ɣ
ַļǧʿߺ
ǿСҲ˵ˣսҲ׽ˣڸɽǸƶ˵ԸּǿߣСÿǵ顣

֣µ뵽˲Ϲһ棬ɽǳ̾þ֮̾Ϣڲ󽫾Ļʹèɻ
ĿǰûеõϢӸһ̣֪ܾѶ
ӼַĵһͶ϶ַΪѲĵˡ
Ųһе׷ɱַ㣬ϧַֹɽȻɽЩѾַʱȴоں
ַûɽ֮ǰɽϽľȫĻַɽ֮ǰɱҲʲô¡
ƫƫˣɽڣûһ˽ַѹɽ֮⣬Ҳû˽ַ㵱ˡ
ȴκ˶ַ֪в
ɽѾʲôû̫ǿսַȴлΪϣκͨľӶܱɲܵʨ
ս潻ֵĻӵаҲ˵Ȳʤȯʤַ㣬Ҫ˵ԸĸˣظսʧϹĸɽԼɣʲô󽫾ˣ
գֿɽ˵˵øɽᲪȻŭȴûŭ֣صĽӿڵھĵһ󽫾ڵþӶơ
鳤ǲսʧˣ
ֹʧܣ˶һɣһɵĲоս㽫ʣȫҲᳬʮʱյϢΪ˲ʹĴңϢѾܷˡ
ɵһȻַ֪Ķ֣аһǧؼףսʧҲð֮ܵҰɣ
˵δеĴܣ˿̵ҲδеΣվ
ˣؼ׾
ǰִؼ׾ʱѳľмĸ飬Ҫǣһ֧ӣҲάȶĻʯ˵仰֮ԼеЩţܲõϢ
ɽҿɵĿ⣬ܵʵϢ֮ͻȻ쭡
ԼȫѪͶؼ׾Ľϣؼ˽صһʧؼ׾֮ǰָӹ٣ôܵˣ
ЩʧҲ֣Ǹָʧˣиɽо
ɽ˵սʼ֮ؼ׾ԼİܾɢˣĿǰûصϢؼҲʧأĿǰŵˣֻʣսǰһ


665  ܾķ
ٴһؼ׾һһǧˣʧһĻֻʣ˾ǧˣͨʧĸ
ǰΪֻҪƹĻһʧ˭ȴû뵽еӣһȫˣԭԼлܡ
ѾˣɽԼʲô
ɽת޺޵˵Ǹϧȴʧǵõ󽫾˵ľˣԶ޷ʹڲһģҲ״󽫾ĻǶԵģȴ֮ӡ
ҲԹɽԼ˵ַвţԼ˵ãɽȴ˵ԼǶʼɸ
սˣ˿ãԼˡ
֪ΣڵϦʱԸɽһ˵Ҫȥʲôֻ˵ˣľˣȻһΪأ
ڽȥɽܲʰĲбɽѾ
Ҳδ˵ܡ
Ľ
ֻһˣӰѳɣҵָжôǿҲ޷ŤתעĽ֡
ȥɽܲܽеĲбһ𣬰ȫĸҴ
ܡһҿ䱣֤
մ󽫾Ҳ㣬ӴܵϢ˼죬һϢɢȥĻ֮ڵѾûˣʱ᧿ΣˣʢڻʮɹǲЩȫָӡ
Ҳԡ
ĵĹͷɽϢһȥƱػӦ
һеѾڴʱѵĻֻҪʹķֱ
ɽֶ˵󽫾ɽֻܷΪֹŴ󽫾ҳϣɽʲô飬Ҷ֧֣УɽһУպһ㱨ֻԼˣˣԺҾͳ׽󽫾ˡ
¶˸жģ
ԴӽûһӵȨԲܿƵ´κɴ˿ɼɽѾΪʤϣȫԼϡ
и̾ɽһ֧ĻҲнĲҰܣ񣬸ɽ˹ǰδеȨԼʲôĵģ
ԼϾǹ壬ȨѾܵ˼װǰδеսԼȻҪΪάһС
̧ͷ˵ģһȥһΪ߾ȫɹʡ
ûкĻʽûĿȨʽһҹڷߵҹʢ˽ʱʮĴȻ뿪ʢǣ̤ŢĲ·
һ·ϣϽ;ĲбȵɽµʱѾȺʮбձࡣ
οǣؼױûʧأڰµʱ䣬ؼ׾ȻһһǧȺͶ
ؼ׾ʧҲԶԶͨӣַ㷢ǰؼ״Լһǧˣɽյ׷ɱ£Ȼһһǧ˻Ǿ˶ѾףǱ
սǰһˣյռŽյʮˡ
һɫͨӾؼ׾ܴȵĶǱʾ֮ܣȫڸָϣ޹ء
ֶʮĲбһؼչࡣ
ǰЩξ޷ֻᴵţķӭ֮ͽȫһȥȽϤֱȽˣµξٵְλ
ݵ֮Ⱥбؼ׵ʿٴսǰ쵼ʱʿ
Ȼ磬ϵؼ׼룬ʢ´ʮĴٵʮбǿﵽ쵼ʱһһ㡣
˲Ұܣ㾭ĵȻ޷ɽѾʿᲢۣɽѾѾԽսԽ֮ơ
ַǳսУ˵ϿɣٴοսĻӿ˵һʤնûС
ҪǣսܵϢѾ֮򱻴һļʮ·ѾҲǴŻɱʢǣ
ЩϢʹܵ˼ѹѾٰܣٰܵĻ᳹׷ֱ
ɽսĻľǿӮˣʱҲʧأʱѾսǣӻӦЩѾ
ɵô˵便ʹ֮겻ĺϵùˡ
ţһ˶޷ľҪַչ̸Уⳡܲܺƽճ
ٴɽµϢܿ촫еÿһ䡣
ȥ̸ЩηˣڣɽȴҲˣΪַ㡣
Դַɱһ֮󣬹ΰַ֮ǡ
ַԶʮһٶˣʹַеĸ߶ȣﵽһͨ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
ΰַ㷢ѵĻֻɽϵŮ׶ƴַΪɽ˵˭ַԣɽȥ
ȻĿǰƲΰŹַ㣬ѰҸõʱ
֪ɽۼһؼʮַĵҲӣɽȻʿʢҲǺǵ
ĻԼȥˮ֮սСƵİ취Ĵ˫ӲӲĻɽʤԼҲһʧء
Լ֮ҪӿսΪ˱ɽˣĽɽȻʤˣɽȴҲûˣԼҪʤʲôã
ڽӵĺ̸ַ֮ȻԼַȥˣᱻƭַɱӴӪ
ǸҪɱַĻһڳıɱ֣ʱַҪˡ
ַȴĻɺ޵ҡҡͷ˵һ㵹õģľˣҪɱңҲսϹɱң˷Ȼȥһ治İϷ˫̸ףҲľӪԸң
ҶͻȻ˵˵ȥӪûκΣ𣿡
ȻƷһŵùġ
Ҳһȥ
ҶҪַһȥȻҲʾַ㣬лᣬȻҲҪҶȥַһ빲
лԼ˲սĻԺ˵ԼͲҶǰеûˡ
ַ뵽һ£üͷ˵磬ҾȥЩףʢǵһŮ˵ȥҲ㣬ȥˣǳԴ𣿡
ΪΪң
ǵᣬ㣬˵˻࿴㼸ۣǧ׷ĸα˰͵Ļлܲ
Ҫǰȥ
Ǿ͸ˣȥһȴͻȻȫµ˻ң˵ҵ˽ʹһķ羰
Ҳܣ㲻ȥұĲ㣿
ַ̾һ˵֪˵磬㲻ңʰأ
һԴȤҶӽû취ּңһǧְ취ʰˣ
ַЩսľ˵Ļҵĺ£
ַһ۸ҶסԼͬʱﲻǶѾͷԼĹۣôַһ۸Լأ


666  ս
ַҶڶ¶οЦݡ
ҶʱĿҶ˶ݵͣиʧ⣬һҶ磬ʢҲʲôܡ
սȴûлҶתۼ˷ǣ˸еǣ˻¼档
ҶеϧΪĵһŮȴһһ𣬿Ҷַһ۵ģǰ룬ֻԺҲû˿Էֿˡ
Ŀ漴䵽ַϡ
ԴӼַĵһͽַ㿴Լһĵˣһлɱַ㡣
źǣȴûгɹ߽ӽɹ
ÿһεʧ֮ʹУܷͼǿȴַԽԽǿǵĲҲԽԽ
ַ·һ֮·
ȻҲ˳Ϊţȴ֪Լţַǰǣ볬ԽԷŬȴԽ˶Է
ٴμַ㣬ͻȻףԼ׷ַ㣬һֻ׷ϴĽŲֻҪԽǰĴҲһ
ַһֱǰ棬ȴһֱ׷϶Է·ϣǰַʼҲûлعͷһۣ׷жôļַĿԶڸԶ·ϡ
˵ֹȻˣֻǱһϣԼǰȴû뵽ĸӪ
Ҳʵʵ˵ַĸжǿֻҪӵĴӪһϮǣַҶ磬Ҳһ
Ĵ᷸һַϮһͷβֻҪַ㣬Ҷضճ
ַ¶˺ÿ΢ЦĶһŮĻһᱻĴЦҶҲһ£Ҳַ˿̵Цݺܺÿ
Ҳ벻ףַһºԭЩ޳ܵˣôӵ˲ôЦأ
ַÿ϶Ŀ˵֣
ַ⻰Ҳһʣʱڣκ⽻սκĴ󽫵֪ĵ˵˷纮Ĵȥһ̳ҩƣ˵̳Ӿ˺
ʱĽһΪһ̳ӶƣĴȴΪԥĺκҩơ
鲻⣬˺Ȼˡ
λ󽫵ʱ˵һ䴫ǧŵԣ壬Ȼֻм֣ȴ쾡µĵκΪ֣ȴ໥˽⡣
սϵĶ֣ʱҲԳΪսѡ
ַ˽һˣսϣ᲻ϧһдɱԼԼԼӪ̸Уһ˶ԸԼ̸ʧܣҲὫԼͳȥԺսϾһս
⻰ӿһ˿ԺУ벻˻ԼߵۣӮõ˵𾴣γһ˵Ľ
ӿ˵ңĳ˵ңҵĴӪУ˸˼λһëֶ֣һ˵ԴһԼԴ
⻰˵ַҶ磬Ҳ΢΢ݣ̸ַɽ֮γξð
˵ɽӦüȥĺԼ
ַȴͬ⣬ƷȻʮϿɣɽ̸һϣַȴò
ַԺڵļ񣬽ڽɸӵһȨϮҲսᡣ
ַЩ˵ȴЩò⣬ȻɽȨ˵һȫȴ̫ش
ϳϮĻԺĹ廹й
ľӾΪάŽģƽ񣬹ԺһˣڲҲûеȼˣһ죿
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£ǧǹ壬ǧǼ
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Щ鶼ĵģַľסѾʱ򹥴ʢǵĻʱȻ᳹׻
ַʾɽֻϵĲƽȣȴȫ硣
ɽϣȡԼƽӣȡȨϮƣǲҪĲƸ
еĲƸ˭Ļ˭ģֻЩԺʧȥȨϮĹѡ
ǰĺĹ壬Ժ޹˼ɵɱŲ˳۵ļԺ󣬼ӵһȨɱҲҪǻǮ¡
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İַ飬֮еһƽȵݣԺҲûмƽ񣬹֣֮ʱҲжĽ׼ˡ
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ϳȨϮƣһ⵽ڲȨ׼ķԣЩȨ壬ѾϰĹϰѹƽͻȻǵճһȨȻԡ
˵ҲһϮ壬ȴһ൱Ĺ壬ҲΪȨ׼ϮƵĻպķչ
ȻȨϮѾߵͷһвʹսᡣ
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ɽõһѰϢ֮ڵļʮ·ѾѾﵽ߰ʮ˵ľӣıʢǡ
ܾɽĻʢֻ»ѾΧУҲʹޡ
˵ɽɽɫʱһӱˡ
ûϺ֮ǰϮ壬Ժ˵Ļ󣬲ǺˣȻһϮ塣
ŮҲǧӵкܶȨϮеĹɽȴҪϳһУܽܣ
ĶԸɽ˵ɽԣɽľ֮սԱ⡣
һͬھѾǺܺõĽˣѾɱĹʢǣɱеĹ塣
ɽɽĻɽԼѾ
Ѿ֮䣬Ҳ԰ƵҲΪ˶ɽȻҪϳȨϮƣȴҪûչеĲƸеĲƸҲԱǵĺ̳УҲɽò
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ܾɽҪսһĻ׼ʧȥȨϮᶪеĲƸ
ѡ񣬻ɽǸ⣿
ɽͻȻλϣ˺ͻȻ˺ܶࡣ
ƣһ˵ɽòʹйʧȥȨ빩УȻĹ壬飬˵ȥɣ
ڹصˮ֮󣬸ɽľȻ㱣ҲĲ˺֪ܶ࣬ɧʱˡ


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ʵɽȰпޣ֮ڵѾͬȡϮĹϸȼֵʱǱѾʧȥ˴ڵ塣
ڣһЩܹŰļǽҸͶ𣬳ΪѾǳʱĿ꣬ƷѪͳΣ׷ƽɡ
ȡ˹Ȩڲĵȼ֣֮ڼʮڼΪ֮ѪܶĿҲѪеĴˣȻû˼Ѿȥƴ
ЩѾ䲻ʧȥԼһУΪУҲûжټǵĻ
ӦʧģϮҲӦʧģⳡսʧܣʹʧȥϮһȨ
ǵõĺôҲԶ׼ߵĽʿǣΪӦǳѪս
ЩϮǣȻʧȥ˺ܶ࣬ҲѾʢǣǵвƸŮˣɱĶˡ
Ȼ˾޴òҲǲɽܡ
ϾЩǻܱסԼĲƸŮˣûĹҲʳǵĻһһǵĺɽȻ̣ȴܱȱѾɱߵһҪõĶ࣬Ҳǲɽܡ

ַصɽʱɽ˶ϽͷЯλԼʮĴӢۡ
̸ַгɹһλҪġ
ַֻ࣬Ϊ֮սһʵսѣ̸гɹʹ½аѹȡ
ƽҲ±ӵУɽ鸽ɽˣַľﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
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ַָǱһᣬ֯ԼɽһҲȫַĹâסˡ
еϣ׷չף䲼·棬гļƽҲԷĳء
ԴԺ󣬺ڲҲûȨ׼ˣƽȵ׷Ҳбʵ
Ҳ˶ʾ˻ӭЩпʧȥȨĹǣڽͷԼĺլУַǸħ
Ǹħĳ֣ǲһһʧȥǵĽ׼ȨĿǰǳʱӵһЩƸ֮⣬طѾƽûκˡ
һЩַ㣬еļƽеɨ㣬ԼеĿԴ˵ĶЩԴϴȥ
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ˣڹȥѪɺӣɱᣬÿй֪жټͷء
ƽˣҲû˹ȥȨ
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ַֽ˴ҶﱾöʼɣȴƼĻȾˣǣ˶ַеĶʼɡ
˿·ɾ͸ʹҶ޷𼵶֮ġ
ܵۻĸоַиξĸо
߹󵽼㣬ŵŮͲóʵУóԼߡ
ַڻıΪս֮ΪȻԼһͨˣǰеԼͨ
жǣԼȻֻλеŮ񲢼
ֻʣַˣ˶ܿԸӽĻᡣ
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ַ֣صҡҡͷ˵жʱҲΪԼǣȴ֪Լǡ
ҵ常ԤԹǸˣҲʵжеƽ񣿡
Ȼ常ԤԣһΪԼǾֻǡ֮ǡʱǡѣƶѾߵ˾ͷֻΪһ֤ߣǡü֤һаɡ
ͬ˵û㣬㲻ܣҲò
ˣ֮ڰٷ֮ʮŶƽ񣬹ϾֻǺһˣһʼƽδѹЩƽ񣬵ôһ֮󣬱еĹ嶼ֽϻʱĩ·ҲˣȻҵŬͳֻǼٶȶѡ
ַ㣬ƾЩƽͿ϶ǵľ
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Ȼַ˵ĥȴûϲûбľѾʮƽͣﵽһͨ޷ĵزܺܵȻڵ
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Ȼûŭ˵ѾûʸŭֻǺȻ˵磬磬磬˸磬㣬Ľ㣬ʮáѽ
һģҶЩƣȴҪҶо˺ܶŮӵĿһۣһ˵ƨ㿴̫ˣҶҾ̫ʴˣŻʲôҲɲ˵ķһ϶ûɨԺӣķ͸ñɱι


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һ಻ôŮۣ˵㲻ǸƤǾɱ㣬Ҳͬһ棬ã⼸䲼¹棬˶ƽˣҲɱ㡭
˵㵹øлǸҶӵĻͽˣ
ЩȻ۵ֵܽãȴûнۿеһԱСʱòªƢ꣬Ȼûжϲ
۳˸ɽͽܣδ̳ˣǶеֻ£ǽǵֵܽá
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۵һֵͻȻЦȻƽˣֻԳ֮˶ԣȥҶӣΥ·ɱҲû˸ǵҲΪ˸˳
۵һȴҡҡͷ˵һķˣɱ̫ˡ
ǵĶ˵˴ǵĶʴȣ漴֪Լˣֻղ˼˵ǲɱÿŹǺˬһ𣿡
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ҶŮͻȻһ̧֣ݺݸһ͡
վûκηӦŮȴһü˵ƤģҴһƣǸһ¶ûУҵֵЩ۵ĺܣ
ʮãҲ̫ˣȻСȥĵһĻͲʹˡ
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۵Ŀ˵һһɨǵϿ˲̣ڿˣЩֵܽɱģԤı
Щ޳ܵһǣɱ֮ǰȻ˾Źһ
֪ԼòˣҪȻĩգ̧ͷűֵ˵ΪʲôҪɱңѵΪҹȥɱĴ磿
һ޺޵˵ֻһ棬ǵĸҪɱ㣿
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ҶŮӿڵǵĸͻȻ뵽ҶӣһǣֻҪ׽ͷ­ն͸һҶ࿴ԺҶҲΪøӷ⡭
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ҶŮڵ˶ʧɫֻŵĴ
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֪ǿ߽֣ɱҲȥ
۵ϴ˿Ȼûκŭ⣬Ҳûһ˿ı飬˶֪ȥһˡ
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۵ʮֵܽòûַ˭ֻ֪Ҷӵ飬ȴ֪Ԫжش۵ַ㣬ֻֻ֪Ҫָɱȫɱǡ
֪˿Ȼ벻۵ΪʲôͻȻָˣҸʤǰǶ۵裬˶øεѡ
۵һȷӦͻȻֺõ΢Ц˵ֵۡܣǶ㿪Цģ۰ֵܣôɱأ
ѽǿǺֵѽ
һͻȻ򵹣һĿͷĶͷףѪˮȾ˵שһ߿ͷһ߶˵۴磬Сһص㣬ЩĺŪңҲŹ۴ԡ
۵ȻźͰ΢Ц·ûֵܽõ΢ͷ˵ýͣҶס
ͻȻڵϿͷǰһ㣬˲壬ΪһصѪ
ܣħǲŹǵġ
ɢܣǿǰôܵˣ˸ҶŮ֮⣬ŮŮȫ壬ΪһʺѪꡣ
ҶƣͬĸʮСɴĴ۾һվԭء
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ۿҧűݣҶмƵŮЩϧ˵ҶӺ񣿡
ŮԼƺһһĵͷ˵ۡ磬㲻ҪɱҺòãʵĽģҲĽҶӽ㡭
۵תҹȥϹޣҲȥ߸ߵĻұץ㣬һϣֱ㣿
仰˵֮۵ӰͻȻʧԺ
Ůϸ۾ûпôߵģȴǧȷѾˣŮȻԭأѾֵָܽȴѾһصѪˮ
֮⣬ֵܽöˡ
֮ԲɱΪģҶмƣŮһͻȻʱһ仰۽ȥϹޡ
ѵҪԼҶ磬йĶ
ǰԼۣŮвʱЩԺۻ᲻ҲԼԼĥ
˵ܵĻһ׳źʱŵȷ˲һ㵹˵ϡ
Ůи룬ҪȥϹȥϹʲôѵҪȥɽ޾ɺ


669  ֮
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Ϲصĺڰ׶һݵӰǵ¶˾֮ɫһ
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ڰ׶Ǹɽ۸ɽѧϰĺܳһʱУΪ۵ʮʱǶĶ󣬹ȥûǵϳԿͷ
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Ƕ߰ǿߣ֮ҲΪĴڣ´˿̹âַ㣬ŸոմﵽʮĿǰ޷еκһᲢۡ
۵Цڰ׶þò
۵Ļ˵ĺ⣬ͷ·ʱʺһڰ׶ɫȴˣѾˣ½֪顣
ڣȴȥվǣȴȥͬˣǾʣ棬ȴ˷츲صı仯Ǻ֪Ϊʲôı仯֪Ϲʲô
ۣôָˣôܣļУʹûƶ鷢
۲ûлشĻֱӳϹĴȥһϹſʱڰ׶һ˵ڵء
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Ĺ涨ڼ󣬶ҪݾߵĴ
֮ǰΨһۣǸɽĵӣǺδļ̳ˣв۵Ȩ
ַ֮ٴμɽʱ򣬱㿪ʼ˶ԸɽϵĹݣҪԸɽݣҶﻹҪĸ¹ҶҵĳǰҲҪ¹
ƵʱʼҲǺδ̳ۣҶҵķۡ
ڼµʱ۱Լֵܽ۸һЩеСȨ۸ˡ
ٹһΣ¶֮󣬻ǻָϺԼѧĹżһʷǰĳԣǾ֮ʷһƶˡ
ʵϣˡ
ǽֵܽöɱģȥʱƶøǿ
ǰ޸Ȼ㹻ǿ󣬲ָ˹ȥȫʢʱڵ
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䵭˵һжҪлʦȥࡣ
仰Ҳĸɽƨڳһʵķ⣬Լķ벻ոɽ
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еĽǶˣǴ˿ȷϣ㷭ٴεõ˸ɽأеĺܶ˸ڰдĦܽλ¹
һеϲ۴»صм䣬㻹л
۵˵߳Ҷһ̣ұҲκ¹򡣡
ɽͷ˵ָˣȻȥö¹Ǹʵ
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ΪԼɹһѵһѻһеĵ
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еıڰγ֮󣬺ɽһͷ˵ǰϡ
ۿٵ˱Ƶһƣɽʬ䵽һԵĵذϣ漴־Ȩһеϡ
еĽǶסˡ
ǲ֪һô죬ɽ𣬻Ƕ۳ɽĻԼ
۵ָϵ·ڸİŮˣȨ㣬˫ҲԽԽ
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˿̵˶۽ϵĹݣҲûϸɽʬ塣
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ŸߴĲϹŮ֪Լӭʲôˣ
գŵϹſڣһ˵ҶҶԼ۴磿
һ㶣ϰߣû˭ں̵ܶʱڣͻȻ뵽ϹѾˣǸ˾ۡ
һͷһֺõĶҶ˵ԭ˵ã
ҶɬЦЦ۵Ը޳ɱԣԼֵܽãԼҶ֮⣬˶ϣ֪ԼϹֻӭˣ


670  Ů֮
Ҷ˲Ϲ۵¶һ˿Ц⣬ҶϸĻܷ۴˿̵ĿļΪ̰
Ҷûȥ۴˿̵ģֵܽöˣֻҪǰ̬⣬һ־ͿɱӽϹһͲԼ˿ˣһ߻ŵʬѡ
۵Ŀ䵽ҶزϣȻҶȱҲһƯŮ
ȻƯŮ̫ϣڿҶ˫Ҷ۾֮ʱ¶һ˿ȡ
ҶȣҶزӴһЩҲԵøͦһЩ۵ĿزиǲĽǰӿҶ磬㡣
۵Ŀ̰·һֻһ
ǰ֣ĴֲڵĴҶϸĦţ·һΪϲƷ
ڶ֮󣬳ª۲ӵƯգһ˫Ů˻֡
ڼµķУÿ춼ҪɴĴֻڵֱͬƤֲڣȴЩ
ӵª壬еŮȻ֮ͣѾǺ䣬½ϣӵг˵Ȩж˿ԵֵȨ븻ջ
죬ɽһ޷Ĵڣһһʱ䣬ΪʷϹеҲۡ
˶֪Ը壬˵ʱ򶼼Сģ˽ҲûἰɽȻɽֻ˲һĹ˵У·ѾһˣϹҲûټˡ
ڸɽѾˣԺĺڱȸɽԸ񻹱УԺϵŮˣҲ
ЩŮҲ⡣
漴ڸҶһֻֿ֣֮ʼ³䵽زղŵĸ
۵뿪Ҷ֮ҶЩ糺죬ĺۣ·ǴֲڵҶһ㡣
ҶȻҧ촽˵֪軹ں棬콫СƲ𣬺þη۹ٺֱƲһ˾衣
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۲ǿˣЩΪԼûκŮˣѾΪǿˣʱڣ˿ԳԽû˹ȥΣУеʼиˡ
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죬Ҷزиеǡ⡣
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۵Ķ³ֱӣûһϧ˼ӵУһŮһ¼
ҶȻûзһȴ˷Ӧؿڵ˫壬ǽӲԵøͦΡ
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Ҷ֪˵ʲôãѵҪԼĸǰԼǼһ仰Ҳ˵
ҶȲֵ֮ӲҷԵģ۵и㣬ǰӣֵܽУͬͬĸҶһŮ
иСʱҶòмĿ⿴ƾһȺֵܽ۸ٺ˲ϹҶĻˡ
£ǵֵۣܽٴξһ۸ۣۻǵҶüۻСֳĻ档
ڣ˷ǣǰĲˣ㲻һҶ񣬽ȴǰ³ŪĻ
ֱַҶǰͣļѹز仯Ÿ״λȻ˵һ仰
߰ǰҶеõ˼㣬ԼһУ³黹ں档
һƥ˺ѵסҶεĻ۵ĴһƬһƬ˺䣬¶˽ĿŮ
ۼҶǰСڰµ۽ֻѩװһеһѩ׷ĿС
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ӵʱ˱Ȼ˳ȥײ۵ĶУɴ˼ŭ۶Էɱ
һƬɴ˺޳Ҷվڹ룬׵¶ͬһֻƤİ򣬰׻վǰ
۵ĶӵĴ³һֻֻסҶβǰһ򵥴ֱһ£ʹ°ҶС
û˿İֱַǰҶѶûУ֪ʲôˮ֮Ұ̣ڷһʹĿ
۵Ȼûһ˿ĶԽԽ죬ھ޴ײ£Ҷǰѩ׷·Сð㲻ϵҶ񲻶ʹİ
Ҷڹ䣬оԼ嶼˺ˣ޴ʹһʹ˷Ҷδ˵Ů˴³Żʹһ̵ʹ࣬иֺ޲Լȥĸо
Ҷ¶ʹ࣬Ϊʹ飬ԼԽԽʹ򶯲ۣʹ֮ġ
ҶʹధͬʱԽԽ˷ܣԽԽֱ
Ҷ۸ʱ˭ڹ˼µķʱ˭ͬ
ǰŮҲһ۸첻ǽһлԷѣԽʹ࣬Խ˷ܡ
ģۻеҶ񽥽ʧȥֽ֪Ҳ
۵һֻץĻֻ͵ڵˣҶΪûˣȻ۸ɻȥˡ
۸оԼûоˣֽҶ񱧵˴ϣ꣬Ҷ׵ϣҲץĵǺ븡ס
ֱڶ磬Ҷ˹
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ʹǣһ˵ĸ첲ڻ
뵽Լĸ磬ԼʧԼĸ磬۵ĴֱԼԼʹһҹ͸еģ
Ҷĳ˺˯ۡ
Ȼֻ˸ɽһһȴȫһƼ򵥣ʵȫԸǿ
һҹҲûţҶ壬˯ڵ׼һҶ߰˴Ρ
Ҷ񵱳ɻ裬ҲյĺҲеƣͣѾǵڶʱˣȻ˯
ѾǲϹˣѾûκ˿вİȫˣҲҶʱսľĻţ˯˼һ
Ҷĳȴ
Լһ˿ңӵ壬˺۵Ů۵¶һ˿֮ɫ
һҹ㣬ѹֶһҹ֮䱬˳ҶĳȴܷС
ı飬ҶĿͻȻ¶˿־ı飬ͬʱֹͣ˳֪ϲŭ޳һˣ񣬽ֻҪۣȻԥɱ
һŮ¶С¹㾪ʧǿҶΪԵЩ׵۾вɵһ˿ϧ
˲Ҷ۽ǵ飬ץסҶǰѩһŪһ˵ѾͷʲôģԺϹŮˣѵ㶼𡭡
仰Ҷ۾ͻȻ
·һҹҲ㲻ʲôˣΪʲôΪӵһ֮ȨƵ˵Ȼ䣬ȨƵŮ˵Ȼˡ
ռԼĸ磬оЩģޱߵĸȨȣҹʹʲô


671  ħ
Ҷ۵ĻͬһֻɵСè
һ˷ܵ˵磬ԺұŮˣҲǲϹŮˣԺʲôλأ
ҶӽһϹģԺ˲ϹĵλҲĺ棬ϹԶ㡭
ҲֺҶҲмֺûŮղ˵ģֻʵ뷨ҹҶĥĻȥγнҶ񵱳Ҷ硣
ΪҶıѣŽҶ񵱳˳εĶ󣬲ϧĥԷ·ŮҶ硣
У˵ȻҶ硣
Ҷȴĸ飬İԥͶһСĻھĥ
۲Ҷ磬һ죬Ҷ˲ϹҲֻҶ֮£Ӧõ³
Ҷͷ۵ϣһ˵ǲʶô۸ȫûбҪ
˵˼仰ͻȻ˵ˣеŭ
˿֪ԼϹŮ˵Ĵһ仰ԼӺŮˣһ±ͼŮˡ
ҶϽһ˵磬˵ģ
ϹĶҳԣ㻹ԴûʵĻкݳ޵Ķ㶼ӵУΨ˵ҵ˼𣿡
Ҷһһĵͷ
֪ԼЩҶĻƾղǾ仰۾ͻɱҶɵģ̾һҶҲɾˣ
֮ҶͬʱõһϢǵĸˣ˿ڲϹĴ⡣
ҶͻȻߺ
ϾһŮη˱ĸףҹҵʧԼĸ磬Ե˱ĸףĸȴƫƫˡ
룬һǵĸǰʱ򣬲֪ԼԴ
ȴûֻ̫࣬Цһ˵¹ѵ״˾Ͳ»𣿡
ֿɫߵͬϼҶһ˵Ȼ״ˣþȥ˼ң
ҶһȥǵĸףֲҾֻܾۣɬĵ˵ͷ
۳Цһһֻ־ȻҶСϡ
ҶиӻңȥԼĸףμεһ֣εĵͷһ˲ϹĴ档
۸˵ͷҶһۣЩ˵״ˣңɷˣ
Ҷ̧ͷ˵³ң䣬˶ù㣬ȻĸףȴҲ⡣
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۵ԺһصѪ꣬˶Żˣʹޱȣ֪ԼеŮˣһˣŮǰҲܲˡ
ʱҶʹ˹ȥʱΨһûҶҲˣȻҹȴûҵ
벻ڣҶȻ۵Ļ
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˾ţþҲû˵
ҶƽȻЩˣҶۣԼȴԱסˡ
Ҷվ˵ǵ飬ҿԽܣۣԺҪúöԴӣ
۲˵飬ƾʲôҪܣѵΪԼֹһ𣬲Ҫ˵ֹˣκҲֹʲô
Ҷ¶ɫӵ޳ܣԶԶ
ۼ˵㻹ǶΪԼһ°ɣ˵Ź𣿡
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ֻһؼףֱɽ
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֣صĴʷϵκʱ򣬻Ժκʱ򣬶ƾһ֮£ȴܡ
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ʱɽַ㣬۶ôǿ󣬶ַϡ
ڵ֮Ѿ˹ַݣ˶֪Ԫַ㡣
ûɵĿ˵һǲܣϾ̫ǿˣ
Ҫ˭𣬱Ҫ񡭡ɱɱ֣ɱɱãɱʦռӣ˵񣬲׵𣿡
ȷû˵
˵۵·ѾߵͷˣȥɽҲĲ·ֻǿϧһؼҪΪᡭ


672  ЧӦ
İ£ַɹɳ˿ԲսǱĿʣ鳾䶨ַ֮Ҳȷ˻ԪĹڡ
Źڵٽַϵ˶еȻˡ
Сǿƴ˸뵽ַһȥҲ֮ˣʧȥһλʦѣûɲ˸С
ǵҲףַ㱾Ͳˣи鶼һַ֮㵱Ȼ뿪
Ȼ˸УȴҲ޷ܡ
ȴеɽܣַ㣬˵ĹϵҲѸ٣ƽһͬһСްȵĲˡ
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Ҷ粻ͬкܶ۰ֵܽã뿪ԪпһһҲˡ
ȡᣬвŻìܣַڵıƽ޵ͬһ㡣
ҶȻַһȥԪҲû̫ĵطֵ뵽ԺԶԼĹ۷ֱҲЩ˸С
˵ķӦַ֮УЩϡ
ĹԽԽЦݱԽԽ٣ҲȥӨ͸ˣַһ˿ɻ
ֻйΰԸˣַԽԽǿƣԽԽоԼⲻڵַˣ˵ַԪҪ뿪֮ȥʱ򣬹ΰжʱޱȳ
ֻҪַˣɽȻΪԶԶƴСǿҲΪ֮
̾ϢҲãԹҲãҲãַȷĹȻ٣ΰǸ˵˼㣬вһʱַҪ뿪֮ˣߵ׼ף
ַߺ㲻ҪݷˣھеӰƴСǿᲢ۵ģַֻҪˣֻҪһ£ƴСǿ˱Ľ
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۵֮󣬹ȥɽɵЭԼȫ˺٣һؼ׾ٸɽ·ϡ
ַӦ˵ȻǺ䣬ż죬ûнԼȨַɱ۵Ļƾٳһλ䣬ɽĺԼҲٴִС
ַап࣬˵ɣۿɲǺöԸģԼǰû˵ϵ˻ٴλָƫƫ۳һ޶һˡ
۲ָչһ˸ɽ
ֻ´˿̵ۣһȥԪǵʱʱǣôǿߣŽһۡ
ԴԺ۵һֱûĻָһɽ˵Ѿȫָ˹ȥ
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ֻһؼףɽİ⣬бʤİա
ַţҪ˵۴һؼ׾ǰֻԼҲ۵Ķ֣ĳǰСƴǿȫﲻæ
ԼҲֻǵģԼǰһĻɽ˵õڸɽϢҲԼߺˡ
Ϊʲô鲻粻ƫƫڹϷأ
ʵַ뿪֮֮ǰͷһգҲȫ֣֮Լڣû뵽ָ
кܶûף֮ʱ۲̥ǣޱǿ
ַδ˼ַɽַ޸ϵ뷨
Ȼַ֪ݣȴ뵽δַҶ磬֮һսԼ۵Դ͸ַĻԼַĹϵһܳ޸
ȻԺûȨˣԼһŮɽ֮ڣ˭ҲҶҵˣ
ȴû뵽ڲ޸İ취ͷͷֻǰָ
Ҷûнύַ㣬͵ŮΨһҶ񣬻۵ڲϹǱȥҶԼҲΪ˶
ַ֮ûۻָ֮ǰ뿪ȫԶʢǵ˶ֺ˼ʢȳ˺ЧӦ
ַܺߡ
ǰ޸ĻַʹҶ뿪֮ˣԺ֮ӡҲǣƽˣ֮Զĺƽڡ
ڣȴû߳ɣҪ߱ȵΧǻҪѹ˽۵Ҳ֪۵Ŀֲַ۽֣ȴ֪һˣһˣȫʤʵ벻۵κΰ취
۵Ѿﵽ۷״̬ԼõҶסùЩСֶΣҲԸۣԼԺô죿
Ϣ֮󣬹ΰƵĲһѪ
Ǽɵ۵ǿ󣬶Ǻ粻λλƫʱɱ˸ɽַԪгƱػᱻӺ˵ַԺ󻹻᲻ˣ
õϢ֮ʱΪЦɽΣڵϦַ˵ʲôҲ뿪ɽˡ
ĴУóüչȻҲüչģˣַ̫ûġ
ﲻַ˵Ϊ壬ΪʲôҪͨ籨أǵڳй𣿡
˽ַ㣬ַҲ˽֪Ϊʲô
ַЦŽӿ˵ܼ򵥣ΪۿԴ׼Ϊۣܿ˲һ飬Ժл̸еĻǷһ顣
ԴַŮˣжҲص⣬Ϊϵ˼ַ
Ϊ԰˵ȷˣմ絹Ǻ۹⡣
ַ֪ԼмＸ֪ԼȣжôĲ࣬ɵ÷˵˭˵ģôо۹ˣ


673  Ա
õ̱ϮɽϢ֮ûмдӭе׼
Ҳ֪ԼɳӭУҲκã̫ǿˣǰͨʿ㻹ֵضûС
ַҲ֪˿̵Լ۵Ķ֡
ɱɱʦɱֵܽãְռԼӣ϶뵽Ļһ飬Ѿħѽ
֮ԻɽܴһԭҲΪ˶Ҷ磬ɱԼ޵˾ԼһΣԼҲǰδеΣա
ԼٵľΣգҲǰҶ磬ڵѾһħһӡ
Ҷ䵽Ǹӵϣ֪裿
ҶɲҶ۸ĻҶԸ񣬾ƴɱҲ۵裬Ҫйˡ
ַͽҶ翴ԼŮˣȻҶܵκ˺ҲɱԼ
õĽ;ȻԼ˳ɱֻۣҪǸһ̫ƽˣ˿̵УֻҲԼһ뷨ǾǲϧһдɱԼ
ַ뵽һ̹Ŵ½УħǸ˵̫󷨡
û֮һΨһĴ
һַ㣬ҲоǸû뵽ӭУϾĴҪʮһֲ
ΪסһˣѼʮ˵Ŭȥһºֵܲãȴֵַȥ۲ɽ˶ȣһЩʲô
£СƴҲԼߵŮҲ
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ַҲ֪ȻһΣץסĻԥɱҶֹҲɱ
Լ۵ĶԹҲõ˶ϵʱˣڴ֮ǰַ˻ԪĴ㣬ںʱȷ˹ڡ
ܾԼʲôط©ˣŹڵٽиһֽ겻ĸоֱָϢ֮󣬲ηѣԭԼһֱڵǸˡ
Ǿ䡣
ƣҲʹ˳ţϢַ֮ķƽ֪ԼȴǸˡ
뿪֮Ļ½ӡѾƽˣƽˣֻҪۻţҲʼջһ̡
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漴ɽе˶ַ֧䣬ַѡ˼ʮ׳һɽգĺ
ԭеΣַĸ߼ףʮ׵ľʯЩ߸ֱյʯħսĻԪء
ȤʵѵЩʯͷס˵һȥЩСɽľʯ㶼۸ˣ
Сʶۣ֪û֮ǰĿֲЩ򵥵ʯͷѣѵֹ
ַȻħʮ㣬ԪʱĿֲҲЩûס
ϣĻǱ˹˵һУЩûκôڱ˹֮леʮ㣬һս
ƫƫѾͷϵˮβŭ
ַòŮ΢΢һ˵ѻ죬ѵͲ˵һ㱻˵û𣿡
ȻʮģĶۣԽԽ£˼㵣ĲŻ˵ֲܸǸħ
Ұܸ۵ĻһץȥС檣
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ַﲻ϶죬Ҷ˳˼ԴõϢ֮˱ҲûյĻЦ
ĸױɱˣĸǰٶԲ۵飬ܲСصĸ
ֵܽã۵ϣĸ磬Щֵֺܽγأ
޷ܵǣͬĸþȻ۸ռˡ
ʮģЩƣųΨһˣ۰ռСãǻʲôģ˵ָеЩ֮Ի˱̬Լи˺ܴá
ǰȻ壬ϻһˣ¶ļܾ֮ıŤ
ַ֪Ĺϵ֮󣬶ַ鷳˵ַҲãƶҲãַεĽֵĹУûռһˣܡ
֪۶Լ˼֮ҶиеΪģſԶַۣ֮³Կ
Ҷסһս۵Ǳַ٣һԭʹ۵Ť˼ޣħ
ҶеھεǣԼǿԶۣҲߵһԼĸףֵܽõĲʮñ۰ռ̶ܴ϶ΪԼԡ
뵽Щżġ
ַҶʧ⣬Ҷ˵磬ǲΪߵ죬кܴĹϵ
ûǻҵĸ粻ߵһʱ룬ʵһǣߵߵ˴ѣҲĲϣ
ַ㰵ҪֵĻֻ»ҪԼҶʶߵһԼи˴߻á
ַ㰲οҶ˵磬ʹˣһ˵ԸһγɣѸı䣬ŤԸСʱγˣȥǿ󣬲һֱѹе뷨ɡ
ʵһֱˣʵѹƣŲΪΪֱ죬ɱ˸ɽΪϣҲû˿ѹˣҲ޼ɵκˣŻ޼ɵһУʵûаϵ
ҶԸСƧԼ⣬ûһ׽ˣвŽȻҲִ˵ĶԣҵĸСֵܽõʱͿԺеֵܽˣֻʱûκ£ѾΪ½޵еĴˣŻ񣬵ܸоҵĴڣŤγɣ
磬ǶˣɱɱʦɱֵܽãֲİռԼӣһУԴıԣŤۣǸʵۣûˣȻߵһģΪһͷβħ
ҶҲǣԼĴֵ֮ܵܽõų⣬ҲΪòªкܶòªˣȻߵ˺ƽദ
СòªĸǱޱȣʹм˷һԼ֮⣬ϣûһ׽ˡ
˺ܾ֮ǰʹַһ⣬һΣ̧ͷ˵ִ磬лɱҴĻ᲻ɱ
Ҷ۽䣬̫۵ʧ̫ĶԼֵܽ븸׵ھΣַϧ
ǰҶ§ڻиԪʶβսԼ֮һĻĻ
üٻƭҶ磬ջʵʵ˵лᣬһɱģסҷ֮ɱʱѾƣ֮в׷׷˹Ҳûгû˽ֻǺޣԪ˳ǵʱնһΪʲôԥ
Ҷ˿Ѿʡ
Ҳ뵽ַڷ˳һɱԼĴ磬Լĸױ㲻ֵܽñ㲻ԼСҲᱻ۰ռ˰۵
ҲһкԼʱһ仰ɵģ
ַ㽫Ҷ§øҶһͷ˳˵磬㲢ûʲôһĵŮ˵ĻǾ۲ϣȻ磬Ǿͽ߰ɣ
Ҷз·һҪļ̌ͷΪĶַ˵ִ磬ҵĴѾħԺԵеʱ򲻿һҲҪΪҶһԥҪȻذɡ


674  ħ
ַ˵ԼԼĵĻû
Լ˵仰̫̣ȻˣϾҶ羴صĴ磬Լ˵ˣֻºҶģʲôû˵
ԶַҶĸãڴ֮ͥ§һǿʧ⡣
Ҷ̫Ҫ˰οˣҲַֻܹοǿ˵ģԼõѣԼʱʼ
Ȼ룬ȻССʧ䣬Ŀⲻɵ䵽һ޼ʵľʯϡ
Щʯ˼λߴ󣬳ͬһΡСɽ֮⣬ûκ֮
Щʯ֮Ĺ¶ţ໥֮以κ˶ڿʯߣҲ
ѵЩ㣬ûһ˿Ϣʯӣסɱ
Щĵ˵ִ磬ҿЩªʯͲʲôãǲǰ׷Ļˣ
Щʯû֪˵ЩʯģªĻȴϿɣһʵ󡭡ǰʯһмĶˣôǳªأ
ղһֱڹ۲Щʯſţ߿̫ĹͬȪһȿֺıЩʯڲ
ټʯ֣·һ·Ҫ̫Ĺ߶ȫЩʯС
ģеʯþӨ͸ͬ͸ʯһʥʯıϻعϵĺϢ
˵ǰʯ֣ķ羰
֪ǣ⣬ܸܵǰһУӵһԤʹԿЩʯش仯
ڴ֮ǰҪԤַ۵һսĽȴʲôҲûֻǿ̺Σ
Ǻ䣬ӳֵ漰Ԥ޷ӣҲ֪һսĽ֡
죬ȴʯп̫ĹâͻȻ֮䣬ַġ
￴ȴһѳªʯͷŻ˵ЩʵϣǶû˵
ЩªʯͷɻĿʯһۣΧȫǹͺͺͨʯһûУĶҲ
Ҳ֪ŮӲַѻƪȻ˵һģԼ˸
ﲻɵö࿴ǰʯһۣȻǰʯʲôֻ֮ģĿЩʯϿգһĶڸߴ
ַȻ˼ʮ˴ʹʱȴַĻ뿪ַĻҲߺˡ
ַ㵹ûûһȻǰһУֶ˵ѾϣȻҵļƫﲻ̹Ŵ½ɱħȫԸۣӦò⡭
ַĻû˵꣬һԳЦ˵ţ
ҶͬУ˵ַ㲻ַֻۣԼţ󲼳ֽ֮˵˲һַȷܴţģ
ַûĳЦʵϣӵв۵ƤֶΣҲڶνУֻռ˲ԿĹؼڡ
ȻᱻＸ仰˵࣬Ȼղŵȷڴţ
ַ˵ۻûɽ֮ǰҪɽ˳ɽȥ
¶һ˿ɫΧǣַҲûн齫ɽһȫɽȥôȴ˵飿
ַɻһԽ͵ǰΧǵʱҲûʧܵĿܣʱһǵʱˣΧǴҲǣҪȻʧȥȫµģǾòʧġ
Ϊڵ۾ͻòʧ飬ѵɽԶ𣿡
һģɽʧȥ˵ģŲ̫ŭԹ飬ľΧɽԵҲֻɽľӣеƽȴ˼Щ˱һӣûʲôԺڴ棬κβңɽƽΪԤһ㣬ֻ׼
ҶҶַ֧飬ַ۶ν֣ȻһˣҶ۵ӣҲ֪Լĸôһˡ
飬˺Ʋַ㲼µĴ˵Ƹ󣬶ȫǵչɱַ
ҶҲ֪ǳ롣
ַ֪Լ򲻹۵Ļǰɱ֮мȥġ
۶ŮַۣȻᣬ۵֮ǰеľһתơ
ɽһճǵĻ۱ûһвַĳ룬ֻʵʵַʯоһս
ʵǲ˶Ҫתƣ
Ȼˡ
ַ㣬ҲİΣҪһ𡣡
˵Ҳһ˵ҲҪһ𡣡
ҶʲôҲû˵Ҳȥ˵Զַߣ˵Ҳһѡ
ַ˵ǶɽһЩģһڴУӦƲġ
ﲻʵʯ֣վܿеһУ棬һԶԶܿǣѵ㲻۴ץ𣿡
ַʮ˵ĵĲ۽ץǣ۸ߣһʹ۴߶˱㿴
˼ʵղҿ·һӴ˹߶һǲִҪˣŴ߶󣿡
ַ˵ͷȷ˼
ħܱߵԪֻҪʱ䣬ܱߵԪȫӿǰʯҲʱӵħ
ַ벻ǣȻܱܿߵԪľ
ǰҲ˵һЩϹҲ֪κδؼĵطۣκδ۶ǴԴҲǴ᲻ɴݵĵطַ֪㽫۲
ִ磬˵۵λȫһˣҾͶ㵽ȥ
ַ㲢شĻһ˺üΣҶĿҲ䵽ϣŲ˼˵۱Լ
۾һӵɴˣ̾һ˵ִ磬벻
ַҲ̫޳ˣ֪ʵβƵĵطŽ۲Լϡ
ƾļӳַ֣ϵķһ˺üȼҲģѵɱʱԼҪ㵽
ַݺݵΰزһۣĵԼһҪݺݳСѾͷԼ۷֮£ԺҲҽԼĶ̡
㶮ʲô޹أĴ߶ߣȻҪ۲Լϣڣ
һƲ죬ԵҶ˵㣬Ҷӽ㣬ִ˵Ļ𣿡
ҶȻַܲӣһҡҡͷ˵š
ҶҾðɣִ˵ڣ仰ǿŵģϾɽȫĵطˣִһܵı˭졭
ַȻƤ񣬴˿Ҳ¶֮ɫŮȻ˽Ҳʵʵ˵ûӡ
һʱ䣬Сƴǿ˱ɽ˶㵽ɽУȵⳡսĻ֮ٻ
Ψΰߣ˵ȥսۣ뿪ۣΰ¡
ַ⻰Թΰ֮ԱǣĵҲᲢۣŰأ
ǹΰİΣַ㽨飬Ҫΰһ
ַһ㲻˵ôУҵĴֻܱӻԼŮˣΰǸУҲҵĴ󣿡
Ҳַ֪㿴ΰܲˬΰַ˿Ҳ˼ΰ˴˵û˱ˡ
ֻɹΰˣʼЩģһ۴󣬱ƹɽǵĻʱΰҪùˡ
ڴУһؼףɽ£Ƽʻʱˡ


675  ˼׳
Ҷǰ沢ֱɽԶԶȥ۸ߴ˧ҶɲŮòһԱˡ
ȴһңΪãܳ˫ɶԣ˫˫ɡ
Ҷȴȵ۵֣ģƺۣޱĿǰżͷ䣬Ŀ䵽ӷزԲϣٿᡣ
ģǾһԸո»Сޡ
źѹѹһȺؼʿЩ˽
Щ˴ǰҶ񣬲ʿĿ¶˳ŪĿ⡣
еؼʿϾźϽߵĻһԿЩʿϱĵı顣
ľӣ䣬ȥʲôֶεõн֧֣Ǻ䣬ȴǧȷʵҲòۡ
Ⲣ˵ǾͻľۣЩؼ׾һֱص˶Ǵ󽫾ǰλ޳ɱۡ
һ·ϣǿ̫Ķ£ʮĽ;УֻҪȤὫҶڵһ˿һؼʿ
Ҫ˵ãǺϷޣҲڴ֮ͥɣҶһˣ͸иĸµģ
ֻҪȤκεطչҰսֻͨļ޶¼ҲףҶû޳ܣ
Ҷĸ£òίӭ˵ףҶҲкܶίһŮˡ
ЩؼʿװʲôҲûȴʲôҲ濴ҲҶһ߹һĽ
ۣɱɱʦɱֵܽãռԼã˵϶뵽޳ȫһߡ
ڼĵһ±ǣɽ
ĸɽɽǩ˺ԼԼϵīδɣ۱㹫ȻԼƾһ㣬ʹǧָ
ȻӸɽϼ̳˺͸óϸɽǩԼĺϷԣȴ׵ͻȻԼ
ںеѾ֯һĶǣΪԱеѾٴμıʢչơ
۵Ȼ֪Щ޴ڵ̽Ҳ̽ЩϢʢеĹԱҲһĻ̻̣һʢǻᱻѾơ
ȴû˸۸ôЩ鷳£û˸ҽֹͣɽǻû˵꣬㱻һ
Ȼ֪ѾıȴЩѾľٶ֮ԱǣɽļƻȻû˿ĵı䡣
ΪʢǱҲûʲôֻҪԼɽ֮䣬Ϳɱм
ʢԱǵ˿ûзϣԼֵܽ븸׵£ѵں˵
һ·ϣҶҲӭʱȻҲ֪ڴ֮ͥ£ڿһΪ飬ȴûɱֻ衣
˵ȻͲҪˣÿӦ۳ǿ֮ʱЩʹ֮⣬طҲ㡣
ֻҪϵĶûеòģݻ䱦涼ӦоУ˵һУҲȷˡ
ʲôȱǺĵһˣȻ˱ģͬʱҲ˰ĽʱÿſԼϵԼʱҲöĵĲˣʱˣҲӦˡ
ǿʼƭиǶԼ˵Ǹ˧סȻԼ꣬ԼȴѾ飬ӵȫµ壬ԼһҲ׳
ֻ룬еʹŻһ㡣
ȻԼ벻۵ħƣӭ϶ԷֻſԵõ࣬ʱҶɫʮĹŮ
ҲҶȣʵӦһ߰˴εĲڴ۵ʱ䣬Ȼÿʳȴ˺üȦ
ҲʾḻŻԽԽڳģĳȥԼûüܸ󣬱㱻Ǹ̫ǿļһ̣ˡ
Ҷʧǣۿϳ֮ŮˣƽҲֻһޡ
ҶȻ֪ԭǽĽ㣬۵ͬʱҲԹĽҶ硣
ȻۺܷУȴұֳǰֵĸɣɽҲԱڼįʱơ
Ϊӭ۾Լ£ҶǴŵ͵Ĳٵ͵ĵװԼߵĲٸߵĶȹ
ĵĨأסزһ֣ʿԿǰɰСòϲ
ҶĶȹ̫ͣ¶˻Բβߣʵ˲٣Ϣʱ۾һ죬Ĩڿɰѩס
ҶǣۻһɫȹŪĽҶԼ;һɫĶȹ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҶԹ޸ʮĳ;֮Ҷ񣬻һؼףɽ¡
ǰַϳԿ۽ˡ
Ѿﵽĳ۷壬ǿߣܹȻǰ⣬ǽȥɽ̽Ϣ
Сʱ󣬼ʮؼ׾һɻĻˣһϢɽѾһճǣټɽǿһˡ
ҲЩ˼飬漴˹
ԭַǸСˣ۲Цַ㣬ѵһ㿴ҵһ֣ȴ벻˵ӵһˣҶ̫ʧˣ
ȻˣȻֶ飬ڹ۲ɽܱߵεʱ򣬷һɽпֲϵϢ
۶ȥĿȻ޷͸澿к۵Ŀ͸⣬Ȿ⡣
ЦַѾɽУһЩСƵĶԼȥƽ⣬ȻԼҪȥ
Щ̽鱨ؼʿ˵ɽǹȥ𣿡
䣬ɽһɫ֣µûðȻȥ
һеģܲκǾͺ˵ˣַҶ磬ɽӦ棬ǹȥ
һؼʿӵҶֱԶĹɽȥ


676  ش
һַ㲼µħǰǰһŸߴ׵ľʯ
ЩʯĺǱһŨŨĺ֣˿ǿǰһʯ֮⣬޾ĺڰпֲϢڸߴ
ڰԲʮȫ֣ŨŨĺ·ʯ硣
ʯվ˺þãһҲϸǹ˼ı顣
ħڣ۴һؼףַ㲼µʯǰｫʹյַǰ˵ִ磬һʯѶѣΪʲôվﲻҽѵ𣿡
ȻѾ˴нƣʯסˣȻܿ棬ȴκ״۹ȥԴҲСˣȻ״
СңҾ͸Ҵԡ
شԵĻ˲һٴˣ
쵰Ȼ˵СشԣСȻ󣬵˸ȫŵķ롭
⣬ַȻͣﶷ죬¶˺ÿ΢Ц벻ʱȻ˵Ц
ַ˵ش仰ҲеȤףַԴΪʲôװȤЦ˵
Ҷӵ䣬һŮҶ
ҶһĺɫȹҶϵĶȹزһЩ¶˴ľӨʵزĶȹҲһЩ¶˻ԲβߣȹʽҶϵ·һģһ
һ㣬Ҷ˸Уǳ衣
ҶҶһװ߷߲ƽ˵ô޳ܣȻŸһף
ַһŪ˵˵̬ϲ⸱ģأ


һ֧ؼʿɵСӣʼħ̽
ЩʿһڰУֵ㷢ˣ˿ʼԭ̤תȦ
ﲻʵ֣ЩΪʲôԭתȦȴֱӹǣǵ۾Ҳֱ߲Ŷѽ
ַͬʱһۣƺ뵽˹ͬһ仰Ҳַղ˵һ仰شԡ
ﵱȻɵȻַ֪ʱ뵽ʲôǾַشԣˣһӺˡ
Ǳңҵȷ벻ףѵҲд𣿡
ҲûԣǲԸ⻨Ѿȥ˼һЩ飬ʵϣƯŮĹԣƯŮӵһܵȫĳ谮
ڼ۰ֵܽã棬ĽǵڣκεطǶܵͨŮĹذ
һи飬ߵǰˣö֮ǵҲͨ˵ƽˮ׼¡
һжԵ͵Ļܵ˵ӡ
ȴΪԼƯܵȫĹذкܶӻǣҲΪʲôƯŮԵñͨŮӦԭڡ
ĩǰַ㾭ڵϿһЩģ崿õ̲崿ŮһЩƭʧ
ЩƯŮǣһЩֶμ׾ˣòֶθƭֻǼ򵥵ĶһЩŮ˵ֻҪŮǵĻǱܽЩŮװӰǣʹȫ
ҪΪӰǣȴҪһĴۣ˵ľǱǾŮǮ
ЩƯŮǣһΣһ߶ЩбͶͱ⿪ϵ£¶˵Ľ
Ǳƭʧ˸˲յ³
һλǵŮҲǲӲӥȵȷ˶Է֮󣬲ŻԷͶͱ
ƯŮȴûмǣ类谮ǵ߻ˣЩµƯŮŻ׵ıһЩĵˣһЩ׾ӵֶƭ
ƯŮ˵ǵĲһ£е˶ϲǵƯŮЩͨŮ˵±һѡ
ͨŮǣûֻпԼı³ԷĥбӼǿ
벻£ȱ˲ƯŮһϲȥ˼ö֮ͳشԵŮˡ
ҶȻƯȴֶ˱󳤴ŮҲӵԼļж
ַ㿴ЩתȦʿͷ˵ûʲôЩ֮תȦȦΪǸǰκζǵǰֻþȻֻм֮Զ⼸ףȴҪǧ·;ҪߣҪ˵ǣۣҲδܴӺڰߵ
ȻҲַ֪˵ģַղŶشԵĳЦɵþԸеС죬˵ţһʯͷѣ˵
Ҫҽ⿪ϵĽƣҲЩڵĸо
Ҫҿɲʯͷºڡ
ʯͷַ¶һ˿Цһ̹Ŵ½ʱ̹Ŵ½ħ󣬲汻ҹ
ʱҹַ˵ֱһ;̫Ļþٴĸо
գŮ־ģ˳ۣŽϵĽƣųɹǳĥѡ
һԼ߲ѵ۾߹
Щеؼ׾ַԺаյ˵ЩûһϣǻӭΪҵˡ
ʱ˿ʼкޣ򷢷Ƶնеıߵĺüͬ顣
˽ԼͷײʯײϽ߱ΣѪˮһ˿ʼԲУеıԼҿѪģ
Ҷ磬ϣ¶˲˼ı飬ȻЩؼĵˣЩ˴˿̵Ĳ״ǵϾ¶˲֮ɫ
̲סʵַ㣬ЩʿʲôŻ˵ķУ
ǿԼһ棬ˣȴὫÿеĳ񣬻߹ȥ飬ǵԺ»طţЩһٱǲŻĵĿʡ
ջ
ιȥ߾߹ֻҪ߹Ҳˣֻ˲ſ߹󣬿ȴûĴˡЩ˾߹Ҳ߲
Щε˻𣿡
ڲлԾˣѲĻҲ
¶˲ĵı飬Щؼǵĵˣû˵ʲô̾Ϣһ
ַ㿴ǰͻȻ뵽һ飬˭˵ûĴˣǰӵ̫ྻŮӵġ
ԼĶĻֻԼĴκãʵס
ԼһͿʯֵıܿʯֵıʣȻ߳
۲ȴ޷߳
ҶĿζŴ棬Ǽ˱ַ⿪ϵĽƣԿһУҲԿһС
ˮϣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ڸղż׵ؼ׾뱻ֵʯ֮ǰЩˣһȥʲôԾĵط˳
ؼʿȥ֮ͬţ뺣һ㣬ʹ˲š
۸еЩ˼飬Щһ̤ȥֲͷʱѵһ̤Ϊʲôû
ҶҲоĲͷ۵ĸ첲һ˵磬ô죿
ڶСӼ룬סһʲôͷĵطתһиң
ȻҲ֪ղŽȥЩʿ˿Ѿ׶༪١
ȻеڶС˼ȥ˵ֻҪץסַ㣬ɱַ㣬ǰЩؼʿȫҲûʲô
Щؼʿĵʯ
ǰҲЩؼʿȴûнǵ£ֻԼҲһΪûؼףƾһ˵ȻԺɨ硣
õ۵ЩؼʿӱüΪȻǶûκģȻû˿Կǵǵ۾УȻ͸¶ܶϢ
ղǵͬ飬ʯĺУȫʧˣЩڽڰû֪ûзһ
ǵͬ飬һˮ˺嫵ĺһ˻ҲûнԼȥˣ᲻Ҳһ³أ
ЩؼʿȻʧ⣬ȻԥʯֺĺڰС
ʿͨʿ֪ԷҪԣǲŻһǰžĽ
еǸڶӵؼʿУһεЩʿһģһҲûзһûܹӻ
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677  Ű
ֽؼʿɵüͷΪʲô֪ȴ벻أ
Щһе˷·ϹһײʼԭתȦ˿ʼñԲУε˵ϡ
Щһ⣬ȫ˸ղЩʿĺ󳾡
ղűشԣַ㣬̲סеĺ棬ַ˵˽ȴûκνԼ𣿡
ģһˣҪȻҲнĳɾˣҶΰҵõ磬ɱң㣬Ǿĵġ
ִ磬ֺҶӽҿ⣬Ҹʲô
ȻҪСˣ˭ظôҿ˶ϼѣǸ̬ˣǷǡ

ϵɫҲˣɳ֧ȥ޻أ˿̸ţɸ˹ȥҲһĽ
ַ˵ĺܶԣһˣΪִ̫Ƶʱ򲻷Ϊ֮ĵһǿߡ
۽ȡõһгɾͣΪȥ٣ûз٣ҲûзַµĴȻҲ
һʱ֮Ȼû֮ȴʹ˷ƲǰĴ
Ϊѵǣ֪ͻƿ
ͻȻһĸߴ˳ǰһ¶棬ЦۣôĵӣȻɽҡ
ַϳǸˣΰ
ַ̾һ벻ΰеס۵ȥ·˹Ȼֿԣ۹ȥǵŰѽ
ҲϳǰˣòӢˣɽĶ﹫ΰͻȻ¶Ц⣬ûа취ǡùΰץסˣһͻƿڡ
˵ΪɽһȺûأ벻вˣ
ΰû۵Ļڷ־˵˵֮ĵһǿߣһ治Ҿͽ̳Ժ֮ˣ֪˭֮ĵһǿߣ
ΰ⻰˵ʮ㡣
֪濴뽫Լ֮һչʾղЩʮĻһǶ˵ġ
ַûùΰ˵⻰жôİֻǿһֻǿ׳룬ӶԼΪܷ˫ۣͼǰĴһƷ
ΰȻַ࣬˵սȴҪַԶˣַ㶼潻֣οΰ
ΰ˽Żۣ֮һǿߣȫǲ֪ԼмＸ
ʣµľǧؼʿȫ˱֮޵УǵӰߵʤľͲ嵽
ַ㣬ſʼܣ죬ֱһڰΧ裬ʹеؼʿһӵĻ
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۲ûжؼ׾˼ֻǸȤʵң֮һǿߣ
룬ҵȷǸ
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ΰȻ۵£ȴɵðԽţǰ˿ʤĸǿߡ
ʦɽһԼ̳ܽ
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ֿȭۣΰ̲סʴ۰ڰ˵ַ㣬˵Ļ㻹䣡
ΰ˧ЩŤޱ˵ַ㣬ȴƫƫ˵仰֮ĵһǿߣ۹Ȼ̫ѵԼĲַ
ΰ۵ۣʯпôܽܵأ仰֪и룿
ʯڣַͷ˵Ȼ޶仰˵ĵǴʵ
ϧʯ໥ģҪȻΰַ⻰һᱻ
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ΰΪǿϣԼһʱ⣬һ˽˶Էһ˵۸
ۿҲδִһȭȻǺĴһȭȴɵıܹ˹ΰĳ˹ΰǰ

ΰͬߵķݰ󼲷˳ȥ˿ɵٶȣղʱٶȻҪĶࡣ
ݺݵˤǰŵһʯǰ³Ѫˮǰʯϡ
ΰӿһɬԼڷܵսǴﵽ߰ΪԼۣҲӦò̫࣬벻һ֣Էûгһȭɡ
˿￴˿̵ַֻĿ⿴⸱ǱģģΰʱģһѪˮ
˵߰ҲңԲˣˣ˵ķ
ղһȭѾ˽һҪȻΰǱԷһȭ򱬲ɣ֪ΰɽĶĿбʳķղŲ顣
˹ؼ׾ΰҲԼϣһӵһͷʯĺڰС
ΰҲ֪۵ϣһޱȣ۱İ취˵Ļ۲˲Źأ
˵ķַһ˵Ҳһѡ񣬵ȷ治֪İ취֣֮˵ԼôʲôҲ֪ĻҲš
۵ײУ֪ʲô̵ֶĥأ
ɲֳķǰҲַ֪㲼µģַôķУ棬ַҲҽɱһ۵ϣһĻᶼûˡ
漴ΰޱߵĺڰУǰޱߵĺڰˣͻȻ˺ܶණ
ȲһӵһսУΪ˻Լõֵܣֵսȴһߵڡ
ֿһӺݵĹ˵Ӱһֱĵף֪Ϊʲôȴٴθǰ
ʱ嵽һҹլʱ򣬼һòʶܳɫĹ˵òʸסˣһȥ
һӵĿбһһĺӣƺеΣգƴĴ
ΰһѴӹ˺ӣݺݵ˵ϣһУװֳúܿɰӤ̼仯Ϊһ
ˤӵʱֹԼಿλһذףѪˮһ
ΰ⣬˺˹ϵ·Ѿȥ˵ϻʽĻ
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ǰбΰɱģģˣȫߣ
ȥ
ΰ۾ѪɫŤļΪֲ
ǺĴЦУΧߵ˳Ƭĵأ˱һ룬еһ˰Դ
˭ֻҪᱻһնɱ


678  
ڰйΰҧгݣƵûӶеı·˲սʤĵˡ
￴Īɵַ˵ִ磬ΰôͻȻÿҪˣʲô
ȻǿȥĿˡ
˿̵Ĺΰ¶ǿ־ģﻹдʣеıǳƵƴ趯ɼΰǰһ˼Ϊֲ顣
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ַǰҲɱܶˣΪ棬ʱҲɱһЩù޹ߣһڽħʱȴûΰʧ̬
мɱЩʱַȻɫƽնɱԷɱľ˶ӦãٴγַǰַȻƽɱǡ
ƽˣַǸд֮á
Թΰ̬Ļ趯Сʱͻ
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ֲõɽ䣬˵пѪ˿Ļ˵ȷʲôöԹΰַ㲢ڴ
¶һ˿ǣƽԹΰԽԽԵԸҲΪԹΰɢνǽͯŮۼΪãΰϾɽˣܿŶԷǰ
̧ͷ˵ַ㣬ΰˣͽ⿪ϵĽưɣ
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ַ⿪˹ΰϵĽƣһ
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ΰ˵ַٴγ˵䣬ĻͲղһ󣬱һ㾫ˣҵֶô˿˵ȴûʸ˵ֲֶΣղˣ
ΰǵøˣսۣȴû뵽˵زһȭͽ˸
ǿַ㲼µĴУŽӹһ١
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Ҳ飬ղڣҲŽ⿪ϵĽƣҪȻһۿ
ΰַٴףʱ˵

ʱͻȻȵַ㣬֪֮򣬾ΪɱҵģҾǰΪʲôҳǹĶأһĻһվɣ
ַ㣬˵Ļ֮ΰЩϲźÿһ㣬˵öԡ
ַͻȻһ֣ǼλǰĺͻȻɢȥм䣬ǳһСͨ
ܹͨͨĿַߵˡ
Ȼַ֪棬˿ۿҶŮַܱߣȻŭˡ
ַƽĿ˵㵹Ҳ֪֮Ϊɱ㣬ɱ㣬ִ򲻹㣬ҲŲΰǸɵñһ֪Լ򲻹Է֪ǳܳȥŰбµĻͽɣ㣿
ΰַϲۣǲɵ¶һ˿Ūı飬ƺЦַҲˡ
ַ˵սۣɵñһŰʱʱֱۣǰһַ㡣
ַƿߣֻҪַһϻָƵĻͻУûи˵
ַνַ֣֪һ޳ܵˣַЩˣ޳ܵĻ֮ûжŭҲûַ㻰ַһս
ַ㣬㲻ѵһӲɣ
˵ˣҾһӣңʲô
ҿԽ˽һȫˮԴȥʲôȱûгûкȣҵ뿴ֵܼʲôʱ򣿡
ΰһҲǣڱ⿪֮ѾһУȷʲôҲûУûˮûҲûʳ
˵еĻֻһ޼ʵľʯ
ΰһ˵ҾҲǰ취ᱻģǻھɱȥƴˣ


679  û
ַ㰵ΰģԼЩڳȥĻ׼ûһ˿Ի
ѵԼԸá𣬵˫أ֮ҪʵܵģԼɲȥһƴ
ΰ˹ȻޱȣС֣һ˾ͿԴɱˣո¸ĵҪ۾һսǾѹ󣬸ɡ
ΰʱɵۣëѽԼȥĻһоͻᱻۻУԼ۵ĶֵĻ᲻ϵĶַСٰ㳰
Լǰ˵ҪһսԼôϵۻأ
ΰ˵ַҲɽΰȻһֱַ㿴ждַ̣ȴûˡ
⵱Ȼʵ⡣
Ȼ߰ǿߣַսȥǿΰһء
Ȼһȭͽΰ˸Ҫʰ¹ΰҲǺѵ顣
ַ㿴ۣϵĳ
ĵⰫӾһ꣬ԼҲĵԼսǱдʳǰЩ˳ԵҲԲ꣬ս
ԲȻԼƴģѵ֪ԪԼǸңսУǴս𣬸Լģʦүˣ
ַֺȻ§ҶϸСϣָҶƽСظƵĿ⿴ۡ
֮ľ벻ԶҲӦÿԿԼĶ֪ԼĸλҪıӣ᲻ֱӷ
ַΪ˼ŭۣ֪۵ʲô
һ棬ͳɲַͶ϶۲ǿˣľҲﵽһǰĸ߶ȣұñǰˡ
ȻûпɱɱʦɱֵܽãռҶЩ£ַȴ󵽣Щʱ۵ʱһƽǰһѸ⣬Щǣһ顣
ԼӵǿľսĻûκλʤϣ
Ȼֻг׼ŭԷ۷ŭľϳȱڵʱ򣬽ԷܣַҲȷţľǿˣҲᡣ
ֻҪһ˵ᣬľͻ˲併ıʱԼܶԷĺûᡣ
Ҷеᣬνַ֣֮սʤۣܴһԭ룬ɹҶ缤ŭ˶Է
۵ľжǿӵһЩΪ֪㣬ϣһΣԼȻԽҶ磬ͶԷľ
ȻڿַӵҶ磬һָֻӰСḧʱ۷ŭˡ
ʢ֮һ˾ͽӾҶ磬һҹ֮佫Ǹ峹壬췢飬Ȼȥ˾ͽ塣
κȾָҶ磬ľöôǿҶȻߡ
Ҷһ𳤴󣬲ȹԱԴͯ꣬СʱҶ磬ƯСʹȻС˳谮ȴһҲ
ҶֵܽòһСλвмĸ磬ҲҶǰɳ
УҶپõļԼĶ
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ַĹϵһַһ̣㽫Լĸ˶ԷԺ۶ôŬüĸȻԽԽ
Ҷô䣬۶ӵĸȴûиıԽԽǿԽԽ׵Ҷ硣
ַǰ䱦ӣڷŭˣ۵ľöôǿȻҲӵԼУԼܱðϡ
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ʱַһ֣˲Ʒַһ˵Ӱȫû˺УԺᷢʲô飬ȫԼ
ۿǰ޾ĺڰһҪľем׾һȥ
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ҶȺؼʿԶĺڰûи˿־ı顣
һȥ˵ѵѵҲһȥ𣬸硭Ҿ棬Ҳﲻģ
һҽȥɣΣһչġ
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ҶеĿ־岢ûΪʧ΢΢硭ղǸ⼤ŭ㣬ֻҪ治ȥǡ㲻Ҫĵ
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Ҷ˵ЩʲôͻȻ۵üΪ䣬㲻˵ˣҪȻԼɱ֮ۿһʲô˶ɱˣ
۲ЩؼʿûȽȥһȥˣЩô죬ֻ棬źƺƵؼʿȫʯ֮󣬲§Ҷһ˴
Ҷһ̤ʯֵʱǵܱޱߵĺڰС
ֺڰǰУоǰǧﶼ޾ĺڰ·֮жǰĺڰǵжӴ󣬹ֲЩʿڽƬ֮󣬲׼һȥԭԳ磿
˵ĻԼһӣҲַ߲Ľǰ
۵Ľżһأ󼲳ۣҶҲˣֻʯһȷֻҪһǰޱߵĺڰ
ʧǣһȻԾܱ֮߻޾ĺڰȻû˳ʯ֡
д󾪣ͬһ󼲳ۣƬ֮߰ʮȻû˵ͷԼԭȵ뷨ȻҲֻܽܳ
ʱһϤ˵벻۴ڽʯͷ֮ҲͨһԭתȦȦûһ֮һǿߵķ緶
˵ŮǸŮҶĹ
ץסϧǣȻҲ֪ԲԶĵطȴĸطģǿҲ֪ȥץ
С˸ҹ㽫ҶˣҪǧУ
кܺҶһҶҲ仵Ҳߵһ´˿̣ȻΪҶԽԽԶĹƧ뱩ɵģΪҶǱߵõĸ顣
漴۵ȭͷʼĴҴ򣬷·Ҫҵһȭ塣
ﵱȻ£ߵǣ۵ΧнԭתȦؼ׾ȭͷ壬ЩؼʿϵףǰȻȶ
￴ַ㣬ʵΪʲô˶ǵ۴ȴĵأ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪĻͿǵֻҪԸ⣬ҲԿǡ
Ϊʲôء
Ȼشɵÿɰ򵥵ĵ벻ʹǵʹǣ˵ۻ᲻ᱻ裿
ղַҶ˵ԼۣҪҶ
ôһ£ԭַղ˵ѣ۵ĽǶȿΪҶڸַ㴵۾Ϊǡ
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ڷķ̾Ϣִ磬Ȼգ
ַҲĻŭˣԼдСѾͷȻ˵ԼգȫڵߵǷǣ֣ٵظϺݺһѡ
ִ硭۸ң
ܵԼزЩʹ˵Ĵ۾ַ
ַ޹ֻ˵ҿʲôҲûղſҵֻ۸ˣ
ַ̫죬ﻹûпַ۸ȴ֪һַ㶯֣ȻԼǰ
Ҷӽ㶼ʵˣ˵ǶŮôĵ飬ղ͵ҵˣ㻹˭
۶Ҳ˵ʹĴظˣղһһãȻҵŮˣǿˣ
һֱ۴磬ʼԭתȦôлң
ַ㿴˹ΰһۣ侮ʯһǹΰãҿղһֱ͵ظΰ벻޳ܣ
ΰʱ棬ԼվԭһҲǹ
ֲַ磬ղںڰУֲ̫飬Щ飬ⱲҲԡ
һ˵㻹Ʊ磬ΰûĵӣռСıˣ֪ղŶֵһɫߣ
ĸƤ֪Ϊʲô͸ȷ
С嶼ɫ߸ռˣŮˣǼղǹΰҵĻ㲻ֿŹأ
ַ̾˵ĶԣַŮˡ


680  ɱһ·
ַ㣬Ѿˣбһս
ͻȻ޾ĺڰУٺ֮ʼûڰİΧ֮ǰһУűŭ
˫ȭӶܱߴȥǰѾκζַڸϮʩչҹս˷ʽһҽУΧؼʿųŵı򵹣Уһѵ⡣
ɵϲӲƴأһս˵ɣҹûı£Ժûʱϲˣסħ󣬾ԱܹҪ˵ħˡ
ַ·ߴһἰҶ磬Ϊʹ۸ӵķŭҧгݵվںڰУǿжȻжϲַԺη
ȴиⱻַˣַ㱾һΪʤֶεˣһ㣬κ˶ŵַںڰ侮ʯ
ֻвͣɱ¾֪ɱ˶ԼĲҲϧվ۵ϣΧһУҲֲܱߵǵѣΪԼİȫֻɱߵˡ
ɴɱҲŹ˵һ׼
ͻȻ䣬ǰһȫȻ仯Լ弱С³˹ȥ٪壬ǰĺڰҲˣʢǷĴϡ
Զϵ˷׷׹򵹣ɽʱ鷢
·ĵط˶ҪӭӣѾ˵ʱ£Ըֻ꣬һͨˣȻҲҪۡ
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֮˹򵹣ĤݣǶңԼҲһͺˣԼһֻһʱ̣Ҳ׻ˡ
վ۷壬Ĥݣͬõ̻ڸ߿ʢǶôǡ飿
į̻ڿʢʱȻݣȴȫ磬Сϲ߿еĲ̻
յʱиһ룬ϣԼһ죬Ҳ߿ʢ̻ȫ磬ʱ䲻Ҫ̫һһֻҪһ̾͹ˡ
źе䣬еĿȡ
·˵صĸɽͻȻһ漴ÿ˳ĵһİСĹ˷ֵĺӣǸȻ٣ȴһŨı֣֮״ɢī֭Χۡ
ɽ󲻳һССĺϣΪʲôŨı֮
Լߵ·ϣΪʲôͻȻÿһֱЩ벻ףֻǾԼʱͻȻףΪӡ
ѾڲĻԽԽƵɽһӼƻһսɨ֮ڵѾ
бͽϹЩ˲̫ǲĺ
ɽǶ̫⣬ڹ򵹵ȺͻȻۣȷǰˣԼһֱѰǸˡ
ɽͬ飬۽͵һصɽڰ׶԰ڵļչ˲̵ħѵ
ڲпѵоʧǵĶУҲҰѵնС
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ճֻ˲ôӰ죬ѵҪһ·ԼģԼᶨɱ¾֮ģһ·
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۵ĻȻû˵̫ףַȴ֪˵ֻЦ˼
ַм仹һ൱ľ룬ȻѾ߹һ·Ⲣ˵߹˿ʼߵյ㣬ߵ
ַҲ뿴۾ߵһ
۵ʢǷĴϣеŮٶͷҲ̧һһĿȥˣŮдϸ뺢ӣЩˣжûκЩУһѸˡ
նɱЩ˵ʱʲôҲ룬ֻɱˣɱ硣
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ЩؼеľǣҲͨʿǿȥֻۣһֱصǰߣû߹һͷ·ҲַһԽԽ
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ַһ̧ͷǡÿ˹ΰеԹޣжʱоܲԼȴԼĻԹޣлʱԼˡ
ԶͻȻЦںڰдеҾȻɱҾȻɱ
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ؼʿ޷۽κιͨǵҲ޷ΰĻȴԣڸղţַ⿪ϵĽƣſԽԼĻ͵ߡ
ΰеıֹͣ趯ϸ¶˿ĵ΢Цԭһ֪˿̵ۣڱַ㲼µƷŷһ
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۵ˮ䣬ʢǵĴϣɽϹʱʼѾزͷˡ
еǣңǰߵһ˲䣬ǰеĻþˣǰҲָ˹ȥĺڰȴӿ
ֻҪз޹Σ
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ǸǸо˽µҵ𶯣·һɽǰͻȻҲ֪ⲻǻþѵƵʯ𶯡
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һһĺУʯеıնھʯķ֮£Ҳ³ʮѪҲøƣ
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ҪһʯҲ۵ıնˣ³һѪͬʱеıҲΪظ۶ϡ
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˶ĭǧָ֮£и¶˼Ϊ־ı飬Ҫıʱĺ΢΢һҲ˹ȥ
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۴һȭַһҲ˹ȥϾ֮󣬳ȭٶѾΪ½ַҪԷĹҲǺѵ顣
۲ȭ磬ȴͬһַϣʹܵҪ
ַܹ۵һȭһ߳һ߳˵Ϊ֮һǿжô˲أ쿴Ҳˣ
ַһС˵־ģаޣԼ˵Ļղһȭ㲻Ҳشڣַ˱˲˵ԳԼ
ٴμһȭһȭٶԶԶղһȭȭ֮Ƿַ˵һȭʸţ
Ҷͬʱ¶˽֮ɫַ֮֮սÿ춼ڿٵĽ˿˵۽֣Ȼռһˡ
һȭԶԶղŵһȭȻ۵ľڿٵĻظУһΣַܶ۵ȫһ
ҶӿĸоҶ֮ţΪǵıַһȭַ㣬Լǰţ
֪ΪʲôҶͻȻԼЩӵΪһжҶģиܻɱַ㣬ҶزϹ
ʱڴ϶ַĥԷҶ硣
ҲӦҶصϹλҲ֮£ʱǲϹĵһˣḶֻ̌ÿ쿴ɫˣЩһ͹ˬˡ
Ҷϣۻɱַ㣬Ҷȥ


684  

˴۾ַȻûжһȭ
ۿɽʯһȭ׼ȷĴַؿڡ
ִ硣
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Ҷ磬Ҳɫ
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оǰһЩ˼飬ַ۵ķַ򲻹ۣҲô̵ʱﱻۻ塣
ղŵĹΰҲڵʮеʱ򣬲űһȭ࣬ڣ۲ųȭͻַ㣬ûпܵģ
ҲЩ⣬һ̣δʤ̫ˣȻҲ뵽ַˣĻУһȭַؿڣȴǧȷ顣
ղһȭ۾ûбһʵһȭǻַλãַ˿̵ӦѾˡ
ûлĿܣַﵽһǧ㣬п۸ղŵһȭ֮һ
ַһǧ㣬ڱ֮Ҳᱻˡ
ȷַֻ߰㣬ʱͻƣҲᳬ߰ʮ㣬һǧı߻вٵĲࡣ
ˣ۲źаյĶַ˵һ仰ˡ
Ҷڻ
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˵Ҷ۵ĹϵߵһҲΪСĽ룬ĽҶ磬۲Ż˱壬ߵһ
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ַһҪԭǾһ򼵶ĽҶ磬ҶõһƯ˧ˣȴòرַ۵ϡ
ͻȻһݺݴҶĺܺÿϣҶʱеԼʹһͻУȻڣȴʮǱ
ŵЩζÿҪ
ҶϵһĨ¶飬Ϳ͵ģȥܵС˿̵Ҷﻹյһ㻨ò
ҶһۣϱʮƽҶһеĿַ㣬ָֻǺںڵģ·͡
Ҷ񲻹ݵСˣ
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Ҷ¶˼޵ı飬Դ֮󣬳֮⣬ûһ˸ҸɫҪ˵ˡ
ַؼʿûҶҲҲ֣ԼȥѵҶһƫܡ
ȻǽεεһƯŮŮɽѾ䣬ûһ汾µĻҲ֮λ
ԼֻˣҶϺ˼䣬ȴҲҹȥˡ
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һʹҶϡ
Ҷոհǿ۾ֱͶסˣĶ߸Զ˵˻˲
Ҷ˿ƵҪΪ۴˿ӦʰַˣϵͶûĨе硭ɱСˣ
ַ㿴ؿڵȭͷ¶һ˿΢Цؾ˵ˡ
˵仰ַ֮еıݺݴ۵ؿڣۻûзӦ֮ǰ
Ӵ۵Ŀλӿγ˵⣬εõϵʯҷɡ
۸оڵٵʧеûܵģûܵģֻ߰㣬Ҹղһȭȫڵࣿ
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۶ʱɱַۣǿһĻǴﵽһǧİķֲԼղһȭû
ҧԼ⣬ֹԼĿͬʱͷҲƬ֮˻ҰɫлҰɫɫ
۵һͷ·һͷĹڿ趯
ַ㰵вãԼû´Ļ۵ͷͻȻףȫȼգΪĺ֢
ȼķɱɱˣԼҲΪľȻ۱˱֮ģҪԼƴˡ
˿̴ӳַϵķѾȫʧˣȼȫ֮󣬱ǿûʱȫʢ״̬
һΣǰһйԼһˣ
Ȼַ㣬Ҫһȥ
һǰδеٶȳַ㣬һ̣֮ǿǲڲϹɽʱ۷ȷţһΣԼˣҲɱַ汳
ַ¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫղһѾķ˴ַǿĹԼѾ޷࿹ˡ
ѵ죬ԼҪͬھ
ԶӰһһֿĲ˼ٶȣַǰ˫쿪ѩ͹
ȻԼ壬ַ㵲һ
˶֪ǿȴûûм֡
ܼ򵥣ȻǿȴڴܣҲܣʱ̣ûгȭӲƴͦصַǰ
Ϧϣ·ĽɫҺ壬ܰϦϣǹճſ˫֮΢΢͹زߡ


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ŮַкøУֱӱҶΪʢǵһŮ֣Ȼԥﰮ⡣
ַҲܸоԼĺøУһֳԽ顣
ȴûжԼַȴܸоԼĺãַһˣֻҪԶԷкøУϲԷֱӶԶԷеĸܡ
ַӼһ𣬾ͱĸɾȴһβԷԼ⣬Լı˶Էʥࡣ
죬ַһ̣ȴַʽԼĸ飬ַ㣬ַжľͬʱҲӰĽԷ
˵ҶﲻĽַ㣬ԸΪַȥǸղŵһ̫ˣҶӦҲûӦ
ַȴȷӦ˹ǿֻҪϣΣͷַ㲻ػԷҲˣôܿΪ˱Լأ
ַ͵ؽӵ뻳УһתٵĻһλãԼĺ󱳶ۡ
Żϴ㣬ַиӿ̼ĸо
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֮ʶĿŮ˿ַ㽫Էӵ˻УַеԼƺӵȫ磬ͬʱеĸо
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Ҳȼİ취Լӵ˼£۲ֻͬȼ˶
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Ͼ۵ַˣȼԼȫҲڼ̵ʱڣΪھȫȻַͬھ
˵ҪȴΪַ㣬ȴû˿ԥ

۵һȭʵʵĴַĺϣַϵȫɢ·ɢʧ˿Уַͬʱһȭķ˳ȥ
ַһѪˮѪˮһ˲䣬ǿŤͷеѪˮ絽˵¡
Ȼûܵ۵ֱӹղŷȴһȭ飬֮˶ʹƱַء
С³һѪˮ絽ַǰ޴ĳȻû˹غ«һӵһ˽ףֹͣ
۱һоԼڿٵʧѾղŵ֮һˣֻҪٰһ̣ϵȫɢҲߵͷҪԼϽɱַ㡣
˿̵ַңϵ߹ǡҲ֪˶ٸվûˣ۲ʧһ̤ٵıַǰٴλӳ֣㽫ַһĳࡣ
ʱǰͻȻסһˣҶ硣
Ҷӣÿ
ԽԽֻܷһȭһȭҶĻ޷Ըַˣ˵ַҶ֮ɱһ˵Ļѡַ㣬ϾҶ֮йһΪ£ַеֻǺޡ
Ҷҡҡͷ۴粽õĶš
ȻˣҾһҲһɱˣ
۵ȭͷ£Ҷ֪Լ̫Զ۴˿ˣǰδеҲܿܵ˵ġ
һδҧűݣһ˫Ŀǰ˵ĿۣԼС𾴵Ĵôߵһ
۵ȭͷҶıǼ⣬ֻҪǰһ㣬ҶԴըҲ档
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ԵַſϣΪַҪɽһһУ˵ַƴ
ַȴûҲû˼һҲĵĽϣɫ԰ףҲû˵ʲôǶ۹䵽˽ֵҶϡ
ַһ仰˵۴˿ȻԥʱԽԽãò˶ãϵͻɢ
˿ƣҲַĳˣûκλȥϣַ˵Ļ˵ἤŭۣʹǰһбʧء
һȭȥҲҶҲᱻᣬַ㲻˵һԵҲǴҳһڣüŭϲŭ޳ۣɲ顣
ҶҲ۵Ĵֻ۴˿ؿڶһ͸Ĵ󶴣ͷͷף˧ҲƤƣһλĺˣ֪ۿ첻ˡ
ȴϣʱǰɱǰ⼸ˡ
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⻰дҶĳ˿ȴٳҶͣüŭԥۡ
ַҲԼղŰķģԼղżڴƺʮʹ࣬˵ᾫľ˵ĻѹҲóճմġ
ַһķĵˣղ֮ǿŮģϡҶмƣ̲סǰ裬ʹھз
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Ұִ磬ִҲϲңΣյĻִˣңΣգȻԼȥ
ҶӣΪҲԲһУҲǲ֪ȴôҵģ
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۵ľڿٵ½ҲԽԽʱףҶǰģ֮İŮְ׵飬ȴְ˵ĹϵŻԽԽԶ
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˶롣
ҶһԽ˵硭㻹ʲôҶӽʱ䣬ǰ޵ȥˣֻҪһ֣˶µһ⡭
ڳˣķȴҶ磬Ǹղ˵ҶҶ˶ŴˣΪʲô֡
һ̣ȭӹҶͷһʯȫݻ٣žʯ£Ҳþһ
ŶҶ磬۵ͻȻ¶޾ĴȰ
ִȰı飬һγϣۿкɫѪĵ̫ڵѪˮɿݣŨŨѪ
ղһȭȫַ㣬λѾһġ
Ҷ黬䣬һĵͷ˵֪粻ֶΪң֪һ۰Ҷӡ
۵ͷ˵һĻǲҪˣҲʶҲʹˣ
ַֻ֪˵⻰ʲô
֮򣬾޵еĴڣ¸ɽĽ£ҶȴΨһ㣬ûҶĽĻҪ˵ԼۣԼҪһζ
Ҷ磬ԼлսʤҲ˲ϵĲҰܣӵ˼䡣
̾ϢȻղ˻һɱ˵Ĵ㣬Լվ޷ӲĳһȭɱҶ硣
ҶϤӿֻǱĳ嶯СʱΪʱһһȭŴҶʯ


686  
ַֿһ˵Ӯˣ벻ʤߣ
ַƣվһ֣صĻش˵ûӮӮ䲻⣬첻ħ죬ʱ̰һѣ죬Ҷ絲ǰ첻һʱĽ
ûжԴʤֻһյḶ́̽ˣһյѣսУҴûʤ㣬ֻҼ󡭡
ַĻ˶˼֮Уַ˵Ĳ˭ӳһ죬עĳһעҪ뿪硣
һЩĻҲʤˣַʤߣҲȥһ졣
˶ȥˣ˭סʤأȻˣʤΰΣ
۸ܵԼڵڿٵʧ֪ԼܿҪ뿪ˣһǶʢ֮ƶ
죬·ȴߵ˾ͷ
һĿ˶Ҷһۣһۣûֻסˣµ˵£ҲҪסԷģ
ð죬۲̾ҪˣĲ
Լһÿһγɳһ漣һ٪壬ڼʱɳΪ֮ĵһǿߡ
۸̫ͣҲΪ׵Ĵڡ
죬ȴҲҪһͨȥΪŸոϺ䣬ûüԼ˼ȥ磬Ҫ׵뿪ˡ
ַ¶˳ı顣
֪˵ĶģȷǲȴûɱˣЩȥʱǲҲ
ҶӣûֱӷۣǷʶԷ˵ͿһΧЩˣмϣмϣȥ
˿̣ؼ׾еļʮѾ˹ǶΧ˹۵ĿЩ˵һɨЩ£Щؼ׾ٵ϶¶ı顣
˶֪Ҫˣȴûǰ˼
ַһҲ¶Ųм֮ɫɽɫȻƽ˭ʵ뷨˶֪ϣۻ
ֻҶ¶ʹı顣
Ҷ¶ֻǼȵĳ۵ȻûзϣóŪĿ⿴ŽҪȥۡ
ףϣҶһ֮⣬Ѿûһϣȥˡ
Ϊһ˵ҶҲı飬ĿڿһѸ⡣
ȥҶȻ¶Ŀ⣬˿۵ȫʧһոջܵĺӹȥҲһѽƵֻżֵڡ
۵ͷ磬Ҳû˻ӭԼˣҶҲ˺ܺõĹޣԼҲûκˣԼȷˣ
˵һˣ
˵⻰ʱϵıƽŵʱĲһ뿪ʱϵıȴƽǷĵƽ
·𿴵Լĸ֡
ۿԶϵıͻȻסˣˣƽ뿪磬ǳʱƽ
ϵļѸٿή˥ϲһתۼһͷϵ·Ҳȫ绯¶һ߾ӨĹǼܡ
ʱʱ򣬲ûؼ׾ٶַչ
֪ԼҪˣԺҲûκιϵҲ֮˸ùܵġ
΢紵۵㵹ˤڵصʱǾ߾ӨĹǼܱһѵǣ֮ĵһǿߣ½ȷѪķɢ
֮겻ţҲ˵һ䡣
ڼ󣬼ʮ󣬼˶ᵭˣ֮иһˡ
һЩоʷѧǣżʷļ¼ҳһ۵˵ϣߵ˵һزĶħɱɱʦɱֵܽãռԼ֮⣬㲻˼䡣
һЩŲӵĸĸҲóǸ½ǵĺӣֵΨһô
ˣַ̲ס̾һԴʶ˵һԼĵˣ죬ԼȴۿΪһѰ׹ǡ
ˣԪͷʧˣ֮УҲûȥԪˡ
ҶǰһѾǵ۲к˵ħҲн죬ȥ㽫ڿ£첻ҲҪҲڽ𣿡
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ԼĸЩһʹ࣬Ż
ߣɱǵֵܽãɱǵĸףҶôԵù֡
ҶĿ˵һɨǸ߸𣬾һ߰ŮɫѾˣһ̸Ǹһݹģ
Ҷģ˵϶¶˳ı顣
Ƕ֪ҶȥۿµһˣȻǰǲҪˡ
ҶЩ˵һжˡ
ҶĿƺЩƣַҲЦһǽˣӶԴ˺Դ
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˰̾ɫȻĽҶ磬ҲǼµŮֲ۹ȥˡ
ҶԼǵͯ꣬Щ꣬һֱ볬ԽҶ磬УǲҶ磬ôŬȲ϶Է
Щ꣬ǻҶӰС
˱һҹĻȥ˺üΣЩǿҪ£ǹ
һڽˡ
ˣĵһˣԺҪƿˣԼ죬Ҳ㰾ͷˡ
˿̾󲿷ֵؼʿѾ˹ҲΧ˹
Ҷ뵽˿̵ַˣҶȻûˣؼ׾Ĺ֮£ûκεĻ
ֻҪԼɱǰĸˣɽơ
ɽһѾ㲻ΪˣԺԼܵ˵ĤݣԺԼԶ֮һˣ۲һ˵ˡ
Ҷļʮؼ׾˵ɱǣ
Ǽʮ໥һۣһȿ˵ˣ˵ʲô
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ҪɱЩˣһΣô𣿡
һЦˣǣΪʲôҪĻ
Ҷ翴Щٵı飬·һȺñȽƽĿ˵Ѿˣǵ䣬ѵǸҲҵ
һٽӿ˵Һ˶ؼ׾ӵ޿ָȨĴ󽫾Ҳؼ׾ӵ޿ָȨȴȨָǣο㻹һˣ
ҶһӴסˣ벻һЩǱ淭ˡ
һٶַ˵󽫾ڳǰֵ¹һ۳ذܣ۵ǿҲܶԿ磬пܵĻǱҲΪһʵ
Ҷôһ£ԭ˰иЩؼ׾ʹȥ뿪֮Ժɽˡ
ˣԺҪɽɵЭ飬ʹ֮ƽȣϮʧȥһС
ҶҲϮ壬ȻԸ⿴鷢
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ѵжɽɵЭ鲻Ǻ𣿡
ؼ׾һʣҶʱؼ׾мռ˽һ룬ʣµЩҲͨ壬Ϯ塣
ؼеһʮԼĹЩϮŲðΣռؼ׾أ˵ҲԲࡣ
ͨ˵ƽȵҲʧȥʲô෴ЩϮЩͨͷˡ
˵ɽɵЭ飬Ѿõ˾˵ӵ
Щؼ׾˼䣬˵سܿͻٴʹɽִ·档
תۼ䣬еؼ״ͬʬ壬˸ɸɾ
ַȻΪҶȻȷҲʲôˣֻһ¿ŮѣʧȥۣҲƲʲôˡ
ַϿҵĶҶ˵ӣѾˣܿͻƳ䣬ʱ˭ǵ㣬ʢǣֻȡ裬ЩӣҲռ˲ٵĲƸֻҪҸطҸĹһ
ҵҸ类ۻˣʲôҸԣΪʲôʢǣĵһˣֻҪһʢǣû˸ҲҵĻַ㣬н㣬ǵŰɣһٴλصǰģʱҽӵ硭
ҶԶıӰַ̾ϢƽƽҸطһСţҲһѡ񣬵ȴƫƫѡһ߲ͨ·ò˶ãһʢǣȻԼҵ³ճ
Ȼַ㻰еĺ壬Ҷȴַָʲô
ˣʢǵʵȨƱػʷس󽫾УسĹ֮ףʢʵĴ󽫾
֮ǰ۲۵ʵ̫ǿֻбѹơ
ˣҶȻµŲֱǳأصʢǣҽ˵ݽĻسǾŹ
ҶԶıӰַ֪Լ֮򣬸Ѿȫˡ


687  įĹ;
ճյʵɲԲߣ
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½Ժƽˣ˶кӿɹˣǶһǵǸ½һƬУ˹ųϦӣҲǡ
ôַ㣬ǹĴӢۣͻȻһ£ЩɵʵԪʶܶƯŮɣ
ַһ漴˼ĵ˵ͷ
ŻȻΪʲôżȥˣҿ⣬ҵļʢǣЩ֮󣬺ҵˣҵһģŲԸ£ҲܸȥԪ
滨ģַ㽫뻳кֺ壬ѾˣԺȨسȨǶΪļҡ
صʢ֮ܵѡ
һλɰŮַ֣ҲЩ˸УȥԪַҲ벻һȫİ취
ַȥʱȴҶһȥԪɽ
һս˴ȻϿûʲôȴĺ
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ھս֮ƴҲõɽ˵ϿɣȻǰǹ壬֮֮ȴûй֮ˡ
սУǿСƴĹϵԽɽһ񽻸ƴ
Ҷ£ҲַһȥԪ
ַĪ߹Ůô˸Լӣ
Ҷַ㼸ɵϣַηѣȥԪ棬Լһ𣬲ŻӦҶ룬˵ҶҲǲµ⣬Źⷢġ
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ҶΨһҶȻҶĹϵôãĸˣֵܽˣĸҲˡ
ҶѾΨһˣҲΨһһѪˣʱ̣Ҷ񣬶֪ҶǿԸ
λʢǣһȥ˵֮⣬ʲôҲûУʲôʱسʵ࿹أ
ַοҶ˵磬㲻õӣѾˣϣ󽫾Ժӳͻʱܿҵһ󽫾ҲӦˣãӵҲᱣסġ
Ҳ˵Ҳس˱Ƶ˼ƢȻܾ󣬵ȴûκسˣ󽫾ĳ룬ַͷкҲ̫Ϊӡ
ַسɽ£ѯΪʲô˿سɽ
ЦЦ˵ɽĳͻˣȻҪʢԵףسǸбµˣʢΪ٣Ϊȫµʵ¡
ɽڱ֪سݵ˾Ͳ࣬ھϴεĴս֮󣬲֪ҲȺɽҲֻСƴ˲֪ݣѾܷϢ˿֤سݵϣسԺʢǰʷˣɽҲκεϵ
ַһҲǣسʢΪ٣ҲΪ½ƽıԸ񣬵ȷʹȫµ档
սǱѸַ㣬Ҷ磬սǱϵͳŮһռʵĴš
սǱɣҶߵ
һ˰ĶƴĻ֣ٺӰһС㣬սǱи߶ԽԽ߶ȫʧˡ
ҶȻʲôȴ󵽣ȻƴĻ֣һԼ뿪ֻ֮Ҳûлһˡ
뵽ҶӱʹսǱԽԽߣټɽҲССһ㣬Ҳʧˡ
Ҷ֪֣ҲʹĴ½жϵԺ½ϵһУֻξС
ټϣԺʲôзֻܻĸãټֿѣԺҵ㶼ҵﰲҡ
ҲЩ䣬Ĵ⣬ľҪַ㻹ҪǿϺüȻûҶһ棬Ҳе뿪Ϥʱ޵ꡣ
常ʹҲ֤֮ӭδ֮䣬ҰĲĹΰҲˣ鳤ǽеһнĶӽǿ
ǿСƴѾɽ֮ҲĬԺɽϵġ
ԼʹԺ飬׷ԼҸˡ
ַһҸĸԴַĵһȷ£սǱµ˽СɽҲڽСӵ䡣
ǶԼ˵ټɽټɽѵֵܽãҪȥһδ֪Ĵ½ȥѰԼҸҲһһԶҲزԼĴ½ˣȴꡣ


688  Ⱥ
ڻˣһգۣԼ֮Ҳ˿ʱˣԼĺδҲˣ֪Լ
սǱ˺յʱַ㿴ķ˳ǣˣˣ˷˳лȺ˷˳ϤӰڶ֡
սǱʱһŴ۾߼õŮ˹
ǰŮûСѾͷ߱ǰһͷһӵаߵĪƷȣҲԵúѷɫ
ȻزȻǺܴ̻ȣҲԶ˺üȼıȴǰ
ôŰʱ䣬Ѿͷ̥أ
֮ǰ֮Լַһʱ䣬ԼСѾͷԼҲûгʱˡ
ŮУСѾͷҲƤһҲַӡ̵һŮԼȷһ̵ˣ
Ѿĩ꣬ҲʮˣѾɣȫһĴˣַеʱ졣
֮ʱ龰ĿʱһߴﲻԼļͷһɰСԼվһ𣬾ȻԼ˶١
ôһתۣŮأ
̻٣Լ˳Ů죬һӭַ㡣
ȻȥˣЩŮȻֻĸӱǰ˺ܶ࣬Ĵ۾ҲƺǰСһЩŮȣȻ˫۵ı
һַ㻳еŮַļͷַôһôʱ䣬ַļͷᡣ
ַӵŻۻļǺǶģΪЦ
漴Ҳĵַ㻳У˫ÿСָǺݺݵַšһ㣬һ˵ǵԼ
òƻһʱ䣬żɣ
ҵȲˣߵŮԽԽ࣬ҲԴǵԼҪǰ˵ɰ䲻ɡ
˵ֻͣ˲õ˵ɰƻϣȻ¶һ˿ɬ
Ҷ磬̻ͬԶεŮ
ӵеһԲԲƻĿɰȴԵˣκμˣжӿǰһſɰƻ뷨
ôǰַ㲻ɵø̾СѾͷԶƵģ˵ԶҲ֪
ǰȵΣԼȻȴΪͦزַҲЩĶԼʶʱСѾͷʮ꣬һɰƢСŮ
СŮҲɴŮˣԼɳĿ֣Ůַͬ㿴ųģǰγҲһŮ
ַߵŮУһԼҲˣһǲǾˣԼҲûκźˣ
漴ַ뵽սǱеҶɵðʧ
漴ҶսǱвҶҲҪ˲СŮǳէ˼˼棬ַֻбֵһЩˡ
Ҷ磬Ҳʶȴʶڿһ̣Ǹоһǵɢе
ĩУÿеı֮ʮǿңַߵŮǣôıӻ֮£ûܹ̫ķ꣬еҲҪʱľҪٵĶࡣ
ÿҲԡѪҲҪĩ֮ǰ˱˺ܶࡣ
˿ǼĿɨϵʱеб֮ǰ·𱻽ˡ
ŮĿдĸɾ͸ֲհǰңĿ⣬ֻɢеİůֲʹ˸о̫ܵȵ˺
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˵ı˶Ưִܶ࣬ʣǰһ
ҶȻҲַ֪ԪкܶŮ˿̼ôַϵĽĿ⣬֪ԼȻ͹ַ󹬵ĹģԼַ޳ܶȡ
ʵأ
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㣬㣬ٽ˲ʵ֮ôãֻҲϵŮôųλ㣬ǲǻкܶ࣬һɣΪˣ
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ĵ˵ʲôкܶŮַֻˣǱˣӣ֮Ĺϵװ׵ġ
ߵ̻˵ָĻ𣿡
̻Ƿ˳֮þ֮£ԵʮϳɣȻ׷ɰıʾţͦĻ
Ҷһַۣ֮ȷװ׵ģôװɣַĽͣôе˵ζ
̻漴Ҷĵʾ˻ӭҶҲˣһͻȻڷ˳ǣֻ°ڵˣ۵С
ϵʥϢ̻екȻҲϣַߵŮԽԽãĩܻȥͲˣﻹƽࡣ
ڳϦУ˭ܹ˵Ժأ
ŮУŮȣɱ¾ʱ۵ı֮Ҳأȴо׽
ϵܰϢƺȻľеرϲǰŮ
״аС֣ϸһְֵı顣
и̾Ϊֹ벻һŮԺóӵ˾Ө峺ӽʡ
иҶ϶һޱȣһ۾ͿԿף͸ŮǾԲǺ꾫ġ
˵ŮҲǱַɹƭģǵַ㣬ҪסһྻϢо
Ҳϲǰ۾ŮŮϵı֮ƺŨһ֮⣬漸Ҳһȱ㡣
ȻʧȥԤӽ⣬ܸоԷһʲôˣЩŮΪʵһȻҲкøС
֣ʤĵȴǱ飬ַߣʵ𣿡
ַ˵ͷ֣ʤˣȻһ㷢һԪĵʧˡ
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̻٣ҲŮǿ͵Ů
ǶԿ磬ǿޱȡ
аϧ˲ŮôͱַСƭԪˣԼôַ䲻˺õŮѽ
ַڽʱϹ΢Цᶨ˵ҵʶԺҲԶһ𡭡
ַ˵Ҷͬʱ¶˲ı顣
ַӣַȴ˵ҪŮԶһѵַУҲȺãŻ˵Ժһ
ַ֪ҶԼˣҶȻҲʶԪͣʱ䲢֪Լá
ѵĻַֻˡ
һȴȫϣϳ֮κˣַھô֮һҲˣڴ֮ͥ£ʽȷĹϵ
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Ĺϵãְ֮Ц˿̸ǲϵЦ
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ַȺΧֲ֮˼񣬸֪˼ҺεأȴͻȻǰһɤӣһӸƻˡ
Ҳõ˼㡣
ǰһУԼϲŮˣһҲԷѾµʱȴ֪͹ݲһɨˡ
ַ㰵ʲôʶȤõʱƻԼˣⲻŰ


689  ˮ
ַ㲻˵ǣֱĲŮһˡ
Ļģϣ֮Ǿ˾ǿߣַ֮ҲҪ˵𾴵˵һսˣַˡ
Ȼַ㲢죬ȴֱַַ֣㲻ɵ¶õı顣
˳˵ȥַĿǰ˺ܾãҲûȺҵ˵Ǹˡ
ղ˵ԼĶһַ֪˲ͨ豸Լ˵ĻǰԼȴûпǸˣѵǾͨǧﴫǿߣĿǰԼ޷ǧﴫѵصĸǿ˷˳
һʲô벻ﻹ˺֣Ȼͨʩǧﴫ˳Լ鷳أ
ַĿԼĴҳȴʼղһۣԶʹиŭ˶˵ַţǰţַ֮󣬲֪ȴ˵лҪſ
ڻĵĶ֮棬ĩǰʮָԣһңһƬĵɣĩƬеϵϰٸϣ֮˽Ķ
뻪ĸΪսͬڲϣ֮ǼΪŽᣬľϣ֮ǾĶϣ֮ǡ
ϣ֮뻪ϣ֮֮ŴƬĺ໥֮ҲǾˮˮ
½ع޵ս٣Է˳Ϊ׵ϣ֮Ƿ׷׽뺣ԣԺΪʳĶϣ֮ǲһ̶ȵĳͻ
ľڻмϣ֮ںԵʱ򣬻ϣ֮ǵ˻սԴ˾滪ĵĸϣ֮ǲ붫캣ԡ
˳Ҳ붫ԣȻҲ˳ƵҪ󣬵̻ȴԶ鲻мһˣŽɣϣ֮չ̸С
˳ȻûĶߣθȴҪ̫ƽǵΧ
ĸĺȫĵ̣˳ǵںϴ裬һСı˶캣
ɣȻԪˣҲϣ֮ǵҰԵŭˣ˵Ŀټ̫ƽ·ںϻ᲻ˣ
⻹Ƕϣ֮ǶַмɵŸ˻һĺߡ
ûַĻҪ˳ڵĴģȫ붫ϣ֮ǵΧ
ɣҲǼˣ˼꣬ȥԪ½ȴû޳ܵˣɣӦԶܼ򵥣ǾֱӴ˻ǵĶս
һ£ͬͱ˻Ʒѣٸϣ֮ǸսһΧ˷˳ǵĴֻȻϣ֮ǵսǷ˳ǵĺüȴɣ˸仨ˮ
ԴԺֻҪ˳ǵսֻҪ붫ϣ֮ǵսں˵Ȼ˶Էս
һʼû֮صķ˳Ƿ
˳ǲǻٸϣ֮еһĶٸϣ֮ɵͳһңǲŲһɢɳĻϣ֮Ƿء
˳ڻȻҲЩ˳ǵôһᲢأ
˫սĽּȫǶһĽȫûںϵĶ˸Ǵﵽ˼ʮ򣬷˳ȴû̫ܵʧûһսϣ֮ǻٵļ¼
ԴԺֻҪսŷ˳ĵսԶԶܿ
鲢ûоʹ˽½ʳѷľԽԽϣ֮ǣ齨սӣȥ̫ƽԡ
Դӷ˳Ǵܶϣ֮֮󣬻ϣ֮ǵսȺֻҪһŷ˳ǵģһʼϣ֮ǵսֻҪŷ˳ǱµĴֻԶԶܿǷַ˳ûôսЩϣֻ֮Ǽð˳ǡ
һʱ䣬ټĶһȺٷ˳ǵսŵĶӣж˸ŭգٴ뻪ĵϣ֮Ǵս
һʼʱڻĵϣ֮Էɢ໥֮ȱ֧ţҲǱŶս
Դӷ˳ǵսܶսϢ֮ϣ֮ǵǿҲ׷붫սչս
սĽ˫ʤ
˽˽ɣɣ˳ڴϵԻƽϣ֮ǵĹϵҲ
ܵԼѵĶ۸ԼֵܳУз˳ǵĴսֱ˶еɱ˶е½ȥ
ľӱĶӣ˳ǵʿƬеҲֻ֣Ҫأ뿪еʱǻڶ׸˷졣
ڶ˱˳ǿ˵ĶҲȫܹˣ˳ǵĴڶ׸ƮһܣӲû˸ȡ·˳ǵĴ졣
Կת˳̸С
ʹ˷˳̻֮˶̸еĵߣ̻Щ̸ֵԼ¶һĳ
һʼ˳ƽ͵̸һ̸ҶΪĩлȥ̻Ҳ̸һ̸ϾҶҪ档
ȴѡһ߲ͨ·˳ǿս
ȴ˳Ǵ˸仨ˮ˴֮󣬲뵽̸У̻ŻԶʹ֮Աǡ
ڽµʱ̻涼ûмһԶʹߣʹ߶δߴ٣˳ǵĹԱҲֻ˵̻̫࣬ϾӼ
жʹһƫƫֺް취ڶʹķŭ̻Ҳǲ֪УһȺʧ߰ˡ
սϵʧߣʲôʸԼƽƽĩ棬һпĻʵȻѾûʲôˣǾͲûʸ˳ƽƽ
ʹȴ룬ǵĶнٶϣ֮ƴĹң˳ǲǻľһССĳаˡ
Ƕ϶Է˳ɳʹߣѾ𽵹󣬽̻ôǣǸܵ޷ܵ衣
ַ㷵ط˳ǣ˶ȥӭʹȻªţҲ˵սַĴҲ֪Ƿ˳ǵߡ
ϵַ㽵Ĺ㳡ϣַΧŮɵʱ򣬶ַŭǣַǰ˰죬ַĿȴԶƺûƵˡ
ʹַ֪ĿѰΪַǰڼӡ
иӷŭڷ˳Ѿˣȴ̻涼ûò׽ǶһˣַȴƲѵַ㲻֪ǴŶ
ʹƽ˵ַ㣬ҶǼٸϣ֮ɵģķ˳ȻǿȴֻһУȻǰУǶһСǶع˶࣬һģǷ˳ǳڳͻĻճԿĻǣ
ַע⵽˵˾ǰǸ˸̫ǽӭַŮ棬ӽϰˣҲҪǰʹһͷ
ٱǰ˸ͷ࣬ҲĸӸߵףǰ˵ĸӰףַ㳯ߴ˵Ҳֻһҡ
ַһװ˵ߣΧ̫࣬ûзǰİӣ˵ĸӣ֮ǰ۲ߡ
˵£ֻҲȲ۵һֺͷ
ַһЩ飬һУڻϣ֮ǸΪ»һả޵дƣټĻĴأȻκβһССĵ
ַûᶫʹ̻ѯôһ¡
ʹɫһӱ˽ɫַղֻƲȴʻȤûУǽټĶΪˡ
ַڻĵĺպֲҵ淢
̻ϸĽ˶뻪ĸϣ֮ǣԼ˳ǽڵгͻ
ַٴ̧ͷʹʱԴżֲм˳ǵĽսУ˸仨ˮ˵ɣǽ˳ǵս죬嵽˶Ķǡ
Ƿ˳ƲɽˮûʲôԴĻ˵ûὫĳɷ˳ǵķֳǡ
һֻСϣҶԼ˵˫ڳͻȥԷ˳ǸСӻҴţƤ
⻹Ƕڴ֮˵⻰˳붫ĽսʧĻַĲҲ˵
ַ㰵̾ϢԼʹһĻĸϣ֮ǣһǿ̫࣬һУĸϣ֮붫ϣ֮ǽ֣һԴճ
һУҲǻǿûʵϣ붫ڵѪսУʮĶŮǰͺ̣ãã̫ƽ
ڻڸΪսʵֲ綫ŵ»ϣ̫֮ƽϴƣ˲ص³ճ
һƾ˳һе㽫ٸϣ֮Ǵ˸仨ˮҲԼĺЧӦ֮һɣ
ַǣսˣȴûһսߵԾڷ˳Ǳ䱾Ҫô˲֪ܵˣ
ַһŽǰʹƤһ߷ɣǻ˾صսˣһʹֵĻȻᱻ˵ûзȣ±˵Լ۸Ĳмˣûж֡
ַ㲢ûʹǶ̻Ů˵ǻȥɣ
õģ
˴ӵַ㣬̻Ҷ磬ﳤȥȻûһʹ
ʹַ㽩˵ǸоԼܵ˼裬ʹűһһѪ˵ϣҲԵڵء
лӭַ˼ַЯȥҲַ̻ߺӭսĿںţ˲ûע⵽µĶʹв˴ӶʹϣֱӲ˹ȥ


690  ɽʹ
ɽʹʹ죬ַŵ˹ȥֱǧƵľ̤˹ȥʹ϶߹Ǳȶϡ
һΣڷ˳Ƕ˶ˡ
һᶫŭַֻǻȺųսǶǿᲢۣңֱӽһնˣ
һ˵ַ㣬ǶʿȴҶ񣬻ȴһȺȺȻ񡭡
ɽһ˵ȷϹʦ֮԰𣿡
ǧȷʦ֮԰ˣ˴֮԰ʷǰǿ߻ַȻ֮˷ͷȴ޷֮԰ǿᲢֻۣҪַϹʦĻֻҪһȥնΪǵĻˣ
ɽͻȻһĴ˵ȻˣǾͲٴЩˣһһȥַ㣬һĴ𰸵Ļ֪ô
ʹ˷ģֵڹʦ£Ѿﵽַ߰Ҳ߰ңַսֵҲǳصģַ컹ҷǵĻֵܱ㹫ս̳
ɽڵͷ˵ã쵽˴ϣΪҵʱˡ
ַ㿴Ŷʹİɵ΢΢һü̻˵ʹ˳ôˣΪʲôǣ
ȻţǷ˳ڴԣȴҲƣҾûбҪǡ
̻ʹˣһȺôߵļһˣֻҪݺݽѵǣǾͻôߵģУûռһˣȻ˳ǣȻˣҲҪһɫ
м˵һȺϺзܳʲôֵС𣿡
ַĵĵǶˣųһ̫ǿߵȷϵ
ȻԼ֮԰ϹϵϹϾ֮԰䣬Ҳ֪֮԰ҲкܶϵϵվԼһ
Ƿ˳붫ĳͻԼ棬֣ʤɣ˾ܴ仨ˮ֮԰˲ֻ붫ľ׵ĻѰˡ
ڵַѾκˣȻ֮԰ǿߵĽ룬ЩԽϷԽϳ
ַ˵ЩǽҵҪ˵Щʲô
ַ˵˰ӣٲɵһЦ벻ַ˵
̻˾У٣˹֣Ҷȴϲ֣ûг
ɽڴʮʿ˾Уһţǵϱ¶˲֮ɫ
ǴŶϣַǣʮ¡زŶԣַȴ̻Ůڳ
̻Ƿ˳ǵľ˾ڳ˵ĹȥڳȴʹǸоɫЩȻĶŮ˵ݼΪ£һЩʽϣŮǲͷ¶ģַȴкüŮڳЩŮҲûһһܵ˼
Ȿһ̸УַȴͬϷһ㣬ɽǿһ
Ҳû˵ʲôڷ˳Ǵ£̻ϼһ棬ַ㲻ǣϾҲӼǣֻˣϾ̸в̵ô
ͷʱ䣬ս˳ǵĴֻں˳һ仨ˮ˱ֺڷ˳ǵǰлЩԱġ
Ͼǵʵ˳ǡ
ٸϣ֮Ǽ򲻹ľһССķ˳ǣȷһʵ飬뵽Ĺʦ֮԰˻˴ʷǰǿߣǵĵ
Щüĸо
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ɽʹóһݺµͼַ˵ַˣҶȫ峼ò»ƵĺЭ飬ǵ˼ҲϣǩݺЭ飬Ժ˫Լĺԣһַ
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ַڽӹǷݺµͼ֮󣬼һĶͼ붫ͼȣԵС˺ܶࡣ
󣬵ǻ캣ȴǵĹҪһٱеĺ߶˶캣
̻һָָ㣬ַ˵ټĻģڶУȻֻӵвһ캣ռ˴̫ƽ
ַаЩǻ潫̫ƽ󵱳Ǽϴĳˡ
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ɽڸ뵽һַõ˹ʦ֮԰ϢŻͬ˳Կ캣ַ֣㵹һˡ
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ַòɽҲļ캣Ͼһ½ûһ캣Ҳ˵ȥ
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ַ˵仰֮ɽļʿɫһ䡣
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ĩںܳһʱڣľڵǶ½رΪʳֱ·ϱԽԽ٣ʳΣԽԽأһЩǿϣ֮ǲſʼ㺣
ĩǰ̶ִȾͺܸߣĩ١
ĩڣ˱㽫ĿͶ˺ںеı޵Ҫȶǿܶ࣬ΪԣʵȥЩеı޴ǵԶԶ޵Ķ֣ȥҲǸʳ
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ڶڣʳΣҪԶȻľڸϾĸеϣǿһЩ˳ԵԼҲǺձ顣
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ȫԷսȴκβ˷˳ǣܵøңǵĶǣ˳ǵ˲˷졣
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ֱɽʹ֪Ĺʦȥ֮԰˴ʷǰǿߣǵĵڵ̸ַС
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ַЦԼ캣ǰԵԼ֮ҲΪЩǵԵ벻Щ˵캣ǩЭĻԼķ˳ǣҲһ˶ԼԺߵŮںԡϴʱһСı˶캣
⻹Ƕս֮캣ּƻɴ˿֪ЩǶôİԵ쿪ˣ
Լ̫ƽ캣ȫ뻪ĵ캣ΧȻԵһЩûй˶˵ʲôʱֹ˹˵ˣ
ĩУԴôһ㣬ռȥˣ˾ҪҲʲô࣬ԼͳûݺݽѵѵЩҰĵļһ
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ٶַ㰵ĭַĻԽ˵ԽҪˣͷ仰Ҳ˵ԴǣеӢ۵ƣʹǰΪַкá
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ٵǹַ̫ɫҲַ֪㱾һˡ
ַܲ˼ʳȥһЩԼһİŮɣЩŮ˵ὫĺĻԽԽԺĻ˵ԽԽһ⣿
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ַղټ̸Цɽʿ˵Ļȴһֲ˶С
֮ûӦǲмЩˣʿսԼּԾԾԵģתͷʿһ־ӸµĿ˵˵⻰ս
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СŮҲʮ꣬һûȫɵģԼǳѾõʿôܶһŮأ
ַ˵Ƕһʿ裬ʿ֪ǾܾûӦսãڵһ
˷ܵվʿ˹ָ˵Сܵܣ棿
ʵʿѾʮˣֻӰСվ֮ʿͷʿǵļ磬ʵҲ㲻ˣڻģֻһӵߡ
һòȡ˵ŮԼͷʿųƺԷΪСܵܣʵŸոʮ꣬ĩǰĺ׼ĻһδŮԷȴԱöࡣ
ַһ˵˵ֻһύֵʱСһ㣿
ָ磬ôƲأ֮УȻһأǳ࣬˯֮УҲٵǿѲ꣬ȴˣұ˲ɣײСܵܵĻұǰԲã
ַҡҡͷ˵ҵδţһûȢ㣬ɲ磬򲻹ӣҲԲãɱˣϹֽˡ
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⻰һ㽫ַ׵ôҲϲŮѽΪʲôҲĪѾͷаٺ򲻳ɣ
ַ⸱飬µַ뷨Ǻ޺޵˵һȻϿַĿȻϲһĸоɲŮŮ֮ϲ
ʿһҲûʼΪԼһŮ֣Ƕʿ裬ǰŮͻС
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·̬ϿѾͷӦûδ˵ļƷܿҪԼǰˡ
ԼҲܵõŮһƯŮԼǰҵȥҲһʮ顣
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ʿɵ˵Сã㲻
ĵԼȻҲܴܶԷԼֻܴܷܷ֮ܲԷɣԼһȭͷĻֻŪԼһѪ
ᷳһ˵СܵܣҪĥĥĺòãҪ־͸Ͻ֣ҿûʱ˵ϻ
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٣Ů¶ı飬벻˺֣ɣɨеʱǰ˵ĻܹջʤҲḶصĴۡ
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ʿûг֣
˵̣֮Ȼһͷͱ캣ʱ󺿽С
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˽֣ƾսû֮ʱҰްĺʲôãѵвɣ
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żҲŽɣȥսսҲɱ˲ٵʿЩʿǿڳ֮ǰҰǰŭ𣬶Դûж룬˶֮ǰôоôаɣԼûһϵ
ַһȻǺǿȴʿɱȻŮʿΪʲôڶ֮ǰһȴ֪
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ʿվŵģȻһͷļΪСŮŮεεģƺҲ޺ȴȻհٴУƴĺС
۾ͻȻɵĺܴ󣬸˵Сӣ㻹֣ǲǴһӣ
ʿŭԼǽ˿ԼȼǿߣԼĺҲǶһ𾴣벻Ů飬
ʿֹͣ˺Уеսɨֱܷܷϸնȥ
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һĵһŮǿߵͷɲ˵ƭģŲܣȻˣˣ߳ΣյĻȫڵһʱ־Ԯ
˽˫ľʮ¡أԼ׵ھսбɱҲ潻սĹƽַɲΪ
ԼֵĻȻΥԵĹƽԼĵ̣ԼȻôôѲԼЩһظɣ
ʿĵ⻹ûдϣһ˿ųĵ⣬Ѿʮ⣬ڴͷϵһʻҲնϡ
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ַ֪ԼŮ˱һϵʱ˻᲻ֻǿϧ˱׼˸һСˡ
ɽڵĿַʱȴַһĿҲڿɽڰвַĿΪʲôСŮģ
ѵСŮ˿ֲʦĵ࿹
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ղŻޱȵĵⱻеĽһȻһ˲ͣͣʱеĽٵһһ⻮ʿľ
ǻʿɤֻʳָϵѪܡ
ﵽ߰ǿ߱һлУһ㵹ڵϣ


693  ֻΪַ
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ʹɽڵС۾ͻȻɵļԲϸԼ۾ȷղſһвǻþ
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ղ֮һնɱԷһΪսҪ߹ԷһأһǶԷӡ
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ղڹƽıУֶλɱʿɽٷŭҲҲַ㣬̻쭵Ľڡ
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˶ʿ໥ʹһɫеսǷͷն
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ʱӰһΣַ㲻֪ʱѾǰеı
ַȻǺУȴǺ󷢶ãеıҪʿҪĶٶȣǰʿնϡ
Ĳҽ߰ǿߣʬˣǵ೦Ӹһء
ַ˿ķӦٶȸסˣʿսҪնϵʱַȻܺˣʱڣֱնɱ˶Է
ףַȥ֮֮ǰҪֲ˺ü
ƻ¶˼ΪɰЦݣȻϵַ㲻Թۣʿ͵ϮʱŻᱣһ˵ģ
ղ߾ȫĻҲǱܲʿļлҪܿԷĹҲһʮ顣
ŲԸ⻨˴뾫ܶԷء
ַ֪ԼĲԶǾῴԼΣնԹ۵ģַһС¶޷ԼĻͲ䱻ԼϣԼδɷˡ
Ҳַ֪һܵסնɱ͵ϮԼĶʿɣֻҪԼδַ͹ˡ
ΪԼղնĲΪַȻԼһ鷳ԼδȻַ㣬ôκβǰЩʿأ


694  
ַֻһնɱ߰ʿòûѶ
ɽڵĶȫסˣʿԼͬ飬Ƿ׷׳ս׼˲Զַ
ȴûȥԭɪɪĵⶼڿл˫ЦȦȶ
˵ɱǵͬ飬ǸһĻַһնɱ߰ǿߣʹͬһ˽Ǹ
˷ʿַǰȻͬӤһ㣬ѵʿ˻ǿߵһ
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ΪʦĵӣǶһȺˣ̤Ϸ˳ǵ֮ÿжڵĽ
ǲΪ˳ǵжǿ㶫սΰܸ˳սҲΪǶսûзƻķ˳˳˱ˣǶսĲ˳ս
ڽɣɱ׸ΪʱǶڶ׸Ÿ˷˳ǵҫĻᣬʱԼ׸ų˽ɣǸС֮
Ȼƽ߶Ҫȶ˸һͷͷȻƲˣΪǴǿ
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Щǿʿɽһ˳̸УҲڷ˳ҫ˳ǿߴ仨ˮͷ
ǵǱʶУ˳˽һַ㣬ֵһᣬֵַڲ֮䣬ЩϵƣҲַ㡣
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죬ȴһնǵһͬ飬ַһնǵͬ飬Щʿ֪˳ǿҲǳصġ
˳ǿľַֹһˣǰδȫŮɱκһ˵
̻Ȼûг֣Ƿ˳ǵľ˾Զ֮ϣֻǱֲǿߡ
ЩʿȻҲƯŮⳡɱ¾еģȺʿ϶ŮҲߡ
ڶλܹս֣ʤɣҲʲôǵ˿Ļ˳ǻǿơ
Լʦֵ˳ǣ˵뷨ǳˡ
뵽ЩЩʿиӿֻţǵҲ¶εĿ־壬Щʿиһ뷨ĶҲֻǵʦĹʦַ
ܡ
֮ͬЩʿױסˣȻŵȴûһ˸ǰǸǸоԼ˫Щһվȵĸо
漴űƿӪŮ˴ǰɨɱʿһ˳ȥɨڵϵѪ
ϰīɫװ洩źɫȹ¶żﵽȺʿزĶ˳ȵŮһͽм˰˵Ķʿаоޡ
Щʮ˾ƯŮǣڴ⼸ʿʬʱԵøɾ䡣
ĩе࣬ÿ춼ޣԼɱǰЩŮҲûѪȵսǲŲնصʬϣЩŮʲôҲû˵ֻǿٵŴһС
ת֮䣬еʬ嶼˳ȥذҲùˣղŵһз·ûз
ɽЩʿ˺ð죬ַûǣǻصλϣ˼˵Ц
Ⱥʿʱɵˣ֪ôźá
ɽЩ˵ԣȻǿȴʹǰַЩŮɽĩмŵһȺˣ˺һ֮ɽȷӦ
ɽΪֱ׳ַ˵ַˣǺ⣬Ƕʿ˳Ǻ̸УǲǴ̸еҲˣΪʲôҪڹ컯֮ɱǴʹ
ַϵıȻû̫仯˫۾ȴٴλָ˹ȥıЩˣ̫޳ˡ
ղһʿԼ潻սűԼһɱģ˿˵ڹƽıУʿ͵ϮԼűַһնɱ
͵Ϯȣһ³ҲӦá
ɽڵĻ·Ƿ˳ǵ˶۸٣ԼҲڼſڲŻ۸ǣ벻ͺͷİ˻ߵڰף
̻ٵҲ¶һ˿ЦǶʿսģԼһΪҲûκοָĵطȴõĲǵ˵
֪ʵˣΪǷ˳ǲأ
Ҳ¶һ˿ŭɫϵȻվһߣ˵ЩʿҲȷͱˣҲȡ衣
벻Ƿģַ״ˡ
ɽǶַ˵ŮȻŭȴҲû˵ֻǽĿ䵽ַϣ뿴ַӦ
ַվűŮƯѾһ㺮˪ΪӲ˵ҵĵ̣ɱ˭ɱ˭ѵŲҲһɱˣ
ɽһϣһ㱻ַҰһ仰ҭ
ΪԼַ㣬ַٻһ˵ǰʿڹƽľսںʿ͵Ϯȣַűȳնǵġ
ɽһƱ磬Ҳ˸塣
ַ͵Ļûַ㣬˵ղŵ̫նʿٲԣַҲûȨǣϾǵĶˡ
ʿպصȥܶĴãַͣԽƻ̸еƵַˡ
ȴû뵽ַûнͣ˵˰Եһ仰ĵ̣Ը
ַ˵ԵһɽڵϣʹһһȭյʧУԼԶǿַͣһ˵ĻҲ̫֮˰ɣôҰ
ɽڷ˵ַˣ˵⻰Ҳ̫ˣ
ַĵмǽˣǽһĻҲƶ۸˵캣Эˡ
һַ붫ʿ֣֪ʿһȺʲôˣЩˣӲ֮ͽ˵¸޳֮ûһԭ
һĶսкϣŰԵĲˣ˰ϣ֮ǵĽս˸仨ˮ
ɳʹȥ½ǴЩ˽ϣ֮ںԶ䡣
ʹһ½½أ㱻½ʿ߸ץЩ˵Դйն˰ȫͻ˶
ԴԺ󣬶˾ͱİ˵ֻҪǵĴֻһսԶԶܿ
İ˽Ӵˣȴ»սһĸϣ֮ǵս޷γͳһűսơ
һĶҲֻڶ̫ƽۣİ˽ӣ򱰹ϥַ֪ԶЩ¶ˣǺð취
˵ҲǽˣǣֻбԵʹūԼǿˣֻҪ㽫ˣԺ㣬׼ūŻ
ɽ˵ַͻȻЦѵΪַǽ𣿡
ַ仰ǲһ㽫ɽ
ɽڵİһķ˲һιȥиƵҪ˶˵Źǡ
ôһЩ˱Լ
ڶȨģһȺ㪵Ķɽڸеٮٮߣϴȴûˡ
ַ㣬۽硣
ɽڴʱȷһ£Լ˳̸Уһ飬ַһãӲԵļһ
ˣκλֶζͽ͵ġ
ַ㣬ֻдߴϧЩԱǣκ̸ǸΪ˶һȺƭúŪˡ
ϣ֮ǵǲǺ۸֪ǰַȴǺ۸ģԼ̸ռˣҲǳ롣
ɽڿЦһԼһ˳̸УҲȡˡ
ɽڰĥ˰죬ڿڵȻַûκ̸еĳ⣬ǱֻзضˣԺǵľʱսһʤ
һЦ˫ľǰսϾʤɣѵЩô𣿡
ɽڶʱࡣ
֮Կ˳̸УֻҪԭںϴ򲻹˳ǵսҵһս˳ǵĽɣֱӵ¼е˳ǵս˶׸㳡ϡ
Ȼ£ɽƤٺһСָҲеƤߡ
аһιʦ֮԰˻˴ʷǰǿߣ˳ٴοսĻ˫ʤһߵʱԼץסСѾͷһֹȥ
ɽڸ뵽ֻҪĹʦЩǿһ֣˳ǱɣֻҪ˳һ𣬻ϣ֮Ҳ͸Ϊˡ
ʱȫռ̫ƽ󶫲к򣬻ԱȻľڵϣ֮ɹ
뵽Щɽڵ¶΢ЦС۾Ҳгһ졣
ɽҪ뿪ʱַֹͣŮ֣ٴվĿɽ˵ɽڣѵ˲ɣҲ̫ҷ˳ǵ˷ˣ


695  
ɽ΢΢һַ⻰ʲô˼նʹ
Լ̸ַУ˳ǵ̸û̸ɣԼȻҪȥˣַĿƺҪԼ
ѵַûƷὫԼڷ˳ǻ˹֮Ĺ
ַˣ˵⻰ʲô˼
ûʲô˼ֻǩ캣Э֮ߡ
ʲô˫û̸ףƾʲôǩ캣Э飿
û̸һ£ǩǩ캣Эһ£Ҳ캣Э飬ǩ֮󣬾Ϳһ뿪ˡ
ַ㻳еĺףɽǩַõĺԼ뿪ǩĻ뿪˵ĿУǴһ˿ŵζ
ɽ̧ͷŷַǰϷֽʵǩԼЭ飬֪ʲôʱŪòϵģ
ɽڵԺ˸ղż¶ŰȵƯŮʰʱ򣬺ϷһЩ˿ղŵŮϵģַ캣Эˡ
ɽǰӿЭ飬ĺµͼ̫ƽǷ˳ڻĵ캣
캣򱻾뺣һϡ
ɽڵķ·ܵˮ֪ԼǩЭĻԺĶб֮һ½ҡ
ԹǱ֮кܴһԭ½С½ϵǲʺϸֵɽˮ
ʷΪ˻ȥںܳһʱ䣬ǻҵ˽е׳֯ںĴʳƷΪĺ
ĺں·̴ߣһЩϮĹŹĺߣؾشʧ
ݼ̹ճķ˱ɱ仨ˮҸдһݱϥ飬ʾԴ׳Ƴӹֵ³
ԺĶ½֮Ļò˶ãŮ׾ͻᱻԼǩ캣ЭĻصŮһ̻
ɽڷ˵ַˣЭ̫ˣҾܾƽԼǩ֡
Ȼˣã
ַץס˽ɽвɵղַһնɱʿʱĿֲ棬Ķͷϼ˺
ЩʿҲַв£Ͼô졣
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ͷȻҲ֪ǩЭĻصҲ·һ
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ҷ˳ǲǹһǣ˵ĹĹֻ֪ǲǩֵĻҾͻܲˣһˣȫҪ
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ַȴ赭д˵Լķ˳ֻһǣһң㲻˹ȥĹҪɱʹ
ɽаȻ˳ֻһǣΪʲôҪƶ۸˵Լأ
Ȼ˳ƶ۸˵Լĵϣ֮˵Ȼˣ˳ǸҪе㻪쵼ߵķȡ
ǰַ㣬˵£ȴһƤȥԭνĻս
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ַˣ˫캣ЭҪЧĻṲͬǩֲЧǩЭ飬Ҳʲô
ֻǩЭ飬һڽȥǶһˣʱǵҲЭĻҾɱǵˣǵ
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ַǿҲĶ֡
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ʱַ㽫Ӱ׵ˣַҲǲĹʦǲ֮԰ʷǰǿߣַȻ֪Լͳȫ
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뵽ɽǰһЦ캣ЭԼǩ֣ǩַ֮˵Ҫ캣ЭЧҪȥһˣԼЭһ¡
ʹɽڵѣַֻ˵һ֣
ַĶȻ裬Щ˱ϾԼһɽڵ뿪˴ʱȻɫǵɫл͸©żϲ֮顣
ϾǿԻŻضˡ
ɽߺַ˵ָ磬ѵҪȥ
ţղѾ˵ĺˡ
ɽˮģʲôģѵȥİȫ㵱Сţ
˵ôˣҶЩѻҲǳȥɢɢġ
ʵΪɢɢģֵðôķȥȥӹ𣿡
ҲΪȥʲôΣգѵȺӻвҵİΣɣȥ˳˽һЩ¡ĸʿɽϵķ羰ǲģлᣬҪĸʿɽϿϼַ֣㵽һΣڸʿɽϲǵķ죬ѵⲻһ𣿡
˷ܵ˵飬ҲҪȥ˵дֿɿ
̻ԵЩ䣬Ƿ˳ǵľ˾˿Ըַȥɽˮȴܳȥ˳ǻҪ
˶ַȥɽˮˣȴҪط˳ǣ̻Ȼܸˣ˵Լַ棬ûüһ߰漴˾Ҫֿǲ̫ɷ羰ˣ
ַһֱλ˼ܣлزŮǿ̻̻¶֮ɫϽ԰ο̻
̻ҲõŶŮַ֪ȥɽˮ򵥣кҪҪ죬ֻĿǰ˵ɡ
̻Ҳ֪ˣкܿȻˡ
Ҳ¶ԾԾԵģȻҲַ㿪սȥɢɢģȥɽˮ
ַ޷ܾôĿ⣬ֻͬǵҪ󣬾һܵ׼˳ǰһ־޽ǧʿһַȥ
٣ҶȾУЩŮһľɫŮһַߣĽˡ
̻ȻԸַȥȴػȫӪŮŵսϡ
ʮ߰꣬װɫȹŮһſսĵλã˫ȲУַ㿴Ŀ
ԼѾĽӴţôŮ̷ԼһԼǹ̫ˬˡ
ɣҲַһȥиǰַ̾йųģֻ¹ŴĵУģҲ˰ɣѲַĽԼʵ
ַ˵ķ˽նˣֱʱ򣬻붫мһһͷβҲڽĽ
һڼļУͷѸٵı䳤ٺ֮ڵҲȫյϣʮĺˮ˽ɫ
ĺͻȻըһɫĺͻȻֿˮԾգѾĺһнĵһʷǰ񻰴˵е
ַлῴһ۵Ļͻῴͷһɱĳβ


696  
໣
β쳤ХĺҵĲ
ǧĺϴصųβŭǱĹ޷׷ðͷβеĵط
һ½ϵԽԽǿ½ʳѷĴǸ쵽˺ɱ캣ʳ
һЩǿǻ۽ϸߵı캣Ϊ˻ȥҲΪ˱סԼĵ̣֯η
õ̫ǿߵİʹǿԶ캣ޣЩ캣ֵķɣརӴ˸仨ˮ
½ϵǿߣܶѾﵽ߰ͬǿı캣֣ǿĲŲ
ӲЧ֮£Ϊ˶׷ɱǽϸߵı캣ֱ㿪ʼغףŰյӣԶߵ׷ɱ
죬Щǿı캣ȴ׷¶棬һͷﵽ˰˰ı޷ٻ
ܶ͵ľֻ֣ϵŭ֮ѾԤϵ˺Щ¡
ĺߣĩǿı캣֣󲿷ֶк߽ģһЩξ޴ĺһԣִԽԣԽ
죬һͷµٴͻ䣬˴˵е
Щǿı캣ֽ׹ǱѹߵͷˣĿǰУûκǿ߿ԶԿﵽ˰ı
һЩǽϸߵĺ֣ԶͨɫɢŽʸеĳβǷ·𿴵ǧ֮ǰͳһֻˡ

ǧ֮⣬ķ˽ҵҡ˶һ죬캣ûз磬Է˽Ĺģͨ쫷Ҳ޷ʹ˽
ٷӪŮǵ˼װϣڷ˽ַڣ޽ϲûзϴĿֻš
ַһȻûд磬޽ֵ˵޽µĺˮ쳣ѵдͱ캣ֱƽԼΪʲôооͺֿǣ
ѵֳµľͺ֣ǧ֮ˮŻɺ²ΰӿ
о޽ҵĵԣüͷߵַ˵ָ磬ôˣ
ַɫҲֻǧ֮úˮ沨ΰӿĻ˵ͷ캣ֵҪﵽ˽˰ҪȻ㲻Ķ
˰ı캣֣֮⣬ĿǰоûĺֿԽ죬ĩ꣬ѵֵ
ַǵúһһֻĵĩʮ꣬ѵһ캣ֵٶȱһôࣿ
ַƽ˵дͱ캣ˮ֡
ǰɣΪʲôʲôҲֻ֮ҪǿĺֿҾͿԸоȴ޸о
ͷǧ֮⡣
ʲôǧ֮ܽˮʲôĺ֣Ż
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˵ˣǰַ˵µĻп̥ǣΪ
ѵĳ˱ҿǰ˳ǵսԵʱûϱҪȻһȥ޻ء
һü˵һǧһͷΪֲĽɫ֡
ַȷ˸ղŵ뷨ȻʧȥԤȴűκ˶ĸӦȻ˵ˣǾһд
벻һĩ꣬һĩʮеı
ַȫ˵װȥûܳ
˾޽ֻҪһΣὫװϵȫˮȥããУ˭һ
Ҳ֪ϵսҪ½յĶ࣬½ϴ򲻹ӣããϣǾ򲻹ǿı캣֣Ҳ뿪սս캣ֻĻ˶һ
ҲһɫĽָ磬Ҫ취ܿͷ
ַҡҡͷ캣ĸӦǿƾŶԳˮĸӦǧҵĺϵκη紵ݶסͷ
ǸоͷƺǣڵλÿٵĸϹ
ںٶȣԲʲôǵ飬ͷ˫һʤԼ߰ȻҪȱ࣬Լȴǿսǿ
Ҳַ֪֮ԲȡĽ飬һӦ֮㣬и֪һ£ַĻ׼û
תۼ䣬սʿӪƯŮ˵˾޽ڲҾ޽ķԼãֻҪЩʿŮǲھ޽ڲķٴҲκβǡ
Сʱ֮˾˵˴ַֻ㣬ɣҶ磬˼װϡ
Щ˶߰ǿߣϱ캣ϮҲᱻһͷ򵽺ȥ
ʱ޽ĸˣȻͷ캣ڿٽӽǣַߵļڵսװϣȴû̫ܵӰ졣
⵱ȻΪǸǿ
ֹ˰Сʱھ޽һĵطһֻǧ׳ľ޾ͷ޾ȴû˹Ƕսŭ
ʱ˽ܱ½˼ʮͷ׵һǧףı캣֡
ַȻһģ
װϵκһˣԻɱԶЩľͺ֣ȴûиϹȥȻǶڵȺַ
ַԶüͷЩ캣Ȼǿ󣬵½ϵĶǿߣȻһǽͻȻ˴󵨣Ȼǵõ˰Ǳͷ
벻ͷ˽ƻȻں棬캣ΧԼͷû֮ǰַ㲢̫綯֣ñͷ˱ˡ


697  ֳ

˽͵һ𣬼װϳַȻһû֮⣬١Ҷ硢ɣ˵嶼ԵĻζһ¡
˽ڲһʿŮ׷ˤڵأܿƵķ
ַͻȻһ˿֪Ǻˮǿı캣ײײĽ£˽ķȻǿҲס޾ķײ
ٻ˽ͧԵеıźˮն£޽µĺˮѪɫ
Ӻһͷǧ׳ľַ˰׶Ƥ˺ϡ
ͷǧ׳ľֵľϣһԼ׵ѿڣѪⷭ˳ѪˮƴĴӹ޵Ĵӿ˳
ٵ˰ַ㲢ûֻھ޽նһ㽫ھ޽µľֵĺơ
Ҷ˵֣ҪɱҲȴַһ֣׵նɱһͷԼǧףľͺ֡
ַղһһǣֵ岢ûиϺ棬ַĽ׼ȷնˮ¾ֵľĴϡ


һľײ಻ϵսڲʿĴҹ˼ȵĻУսϲ˵ҲżװһҵĻζ
ͬһ㣬ٻ޽ıԵһ˺ˮУһᣬѪˮ磬һͷ֪ľͺֵʬҲһˮ棬ǵҲصУһλεĽɫ
ɣ٣ҶһϵսԵȺ֣ת֮䣬мʮͷʽľͺֵʬ帡
ڵĺˮȫѪɫ
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˽ȴһˮսǷ˳ڻϣ֮зǿսװƵսȣǷԶԶǰҷ˽
ҵײ£˽Ȼ𣬲ٱ캣ַײͷѪͷѶǣı캣ֲһеı˽Ƶչһһֵײ
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ַжϳһͷµֻ֣ҪĴɨУַʣҲᱻײǶϽۡ
ֵĴǶ˵̸Ҫ˵ˣһ߼ʮ׵ıޱִϵУҲƬ֮䱻ȥѸٻΪһŧҺ
벻ͷûһͷǿ֣
ַһնһεĽֻеִնȥִ׳Ĵжϣݺ˷˽ļװϣʹ˽Ľ͵һ
漴ַǰһŷ𣬳Լ߰׳ؼʮִֵǱһߵƽɳǧ⣬ݺ˺ˮУˡ
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ʮִǣ·һֻֻޣݺݳżװϵˣװϵһ߶һñҿзɹִǡ
ֵĴǼ֣㱻ǵıأһѪȴ޷ڶʱ֮ڱն䡣
ҵսĻɣҶնһֵĴ֮⣬˲ûиֵĴش
ַһ֮նֵĴǣˮȴָĴʹüװϵŸΣյľ档
ͻȻ䣬Ťһ𣬶׼壬ˮ׻ҪĴǶ˻ſִһżװϵȥ
ֻҪκεһǻֵܽ档
Ҫɣǿַ㶼Ҫǿ٣ȴƴܣղִֵĹУҲĴû
ֵĴһȻվԭһҲ붯ǵΧ֮£г·סˡ
˶סˣΪȻƽʱô˵˶ϲҲϲܰʡ
Ҷһ֮ͬĹϵȻ˸Уǲķ˹еľ
ϲԼϵʣЩͬͬ˯˵ĹϵرǢȻаٺᣬȴĺϲˬɾĴ㡣
һ˻Ůˣ֮󶼻᲻ϲŮ
ٱͼȶԷȴһסȥ·ŭУסĴǱеı˸ϡá
ȴǲסȥˡ
ַҲٵı֪Ȼǿ󣬵ŮĲڴܣʱִһǰ

ַŭȼգ쳤ХһͷڷĴƯϣַбƵ趯ֵĴ˲䱻ѪģȺ䵽˼װϡ
ַһɫ£ҲѪɫȻն˵סִǣϹȥѾͷˡ
ΣյĴַ̲סһı
ʶʱ䲢ȴϲһŮΣٶŭŤһŭ𣬸΢΢ζ
ֵֿҪ䵽ϵʱϷ˽ɫĹԣֹԾ̫ոʱĵһĨ⣬ֽɫĹУӵ
漴ͷֻǷ·ٵڻԽԽСճڻ˰С
װϣ˵һȳŧˮȫΧЩŧˮȴûһν䵽ϡ
漴ϵĹԽԽǿʮִֻǱսϵ˾ڽҲ׷ڻ
޽֮µĺˮУǴһ̶ĺֲҽ
¶ãı飬׸ղŷʲô
֮⣬Ҳһȵı飬ǲΪʲôᷢصĽ⣬Щҫǵϣûжǵ˺ȴֵĴǡ
̲ס˵㣬Ƭ֮㽫ЩֵĴȫˣղŵĽôһ£
ҡҡͷʾԼ֪顣
ַ룬еԵʣɷϣʥӽⱾʵŮеı֮ǿ󣬱άʱ֮˺ڰ
ڰĵǹǹĻ˵ǹΣʱڵĹŻΪݻһпĺڰ
ʧ֮󣬺Ҳ˶ݵƽ캣ֵĵһֹܴ졣
ַȴû˿ɾ裬֪ĵ˻ûг֡
ԶĺˮͻȻ˽ɫͬˮˮֿһǧ׳ĽɫβԾգڷ˽Ͽտٵķ
βڰвϳϵ۷̫ԣڼװϵϣʹǸоԼҲΪ˽ɫ
̲ס˵ָ磬㿴ͷѽ
Ļַδţûͷβжи뵽һĩʮ꣬սʱ̡
ʱǱͷβɱģ벻һԼĩʱͻͷַͻȻһŨɱ


698  
漴ַͬһڵ߸߷ֱ˳βľϡ
ڰиٷеĳβֻԼľһ϶ʱ¶һ˿ɫȻҲоһľѹľһȴһ
βмǧ֮䵽βϣҲ൱ڴһֻϣӦ˿Ӱ졣
ȴоԼľϱѹһԼľʯһ㣬ܽѹǿ߾ûмȻĲͨˡ
ַվĲϣβһ±ŭˡ
Ϊ壬ɻıκδڴǵĺ󾱣ǵĹϵôãֻҪ䴥ǵľɱ֮
ۣ֮ɱ
ͷѾ̥ǣ˴˵̲һվĲϣΪϡ
໡
βһ߿ٵڰз跭һͷŭ𣬲޷˦ַ㡣
ַ򾲾վڳβľ·˸һ㣬θڳβĺϡ
βͻȻоһ־壬֪Լ˼ֲĶ֣ͻȻʱȻָкܶĴֻȻˣֱַ
ΪʲôֱַоԲǧ֮ڣַǿѾˣȻЩǿࡣ
෴ԵԽǿҲǿԽ죬ַȴһٶݵĲϣη޷˦ַ㡣
βеһӿһ˿־壬ѵԼոͻƣòײŴﵽ˰˰㱻һССס
쵰ӹҪȻ˺㣬
βͨԣſԴַ㡣
ַЦһԼУһԼûȥȻҵԼͷˣԼԹԼ
ַͻȻս˱ųβľݺȥֻҪβƤԽ壬Ѱˡ
ĳβѾڵҲѾˡ
ȡ֮һ飬ֻҪں飬ַͿԽԼڵһ߼㣬ʵһ졣
ȥ۲Ȼӵ۷ʱڵںַ֮һսʱǿ
ԪУַѾΪ޵дˣ˵ûбҪǰ׷ǿ
˭Լ̫ǿأ
ĩǰǮˣЩǮӵʮϰڵʲ˵ӵһڣʮڣϰûκβͬһһҲꡣ
ȻϾͨ˸ȰǮϲǮΪѵ³Ҳֶƣ
Ǯ׷ǮĿ֣Ϊ˽Ǯ
ַ㵱ȻҲϣԼԽǿԽãȻԼģȴ֪Ļһ̫͵кԨԴ
ԼһԵĲǶǿߣ˵û֮԰ǿߡ
ڵԼȻԪռǿ߲ۣһǿߣȻԷ࿹⡣
˭ָ˵붫֮ǿ棬ûϹǿأԼں飬̫ǿ߲
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˵䵽Լϣַвɵһȡ
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β˵⻰Ҳǲģߣ⻰ķģַҲŹҪ뷨õβڵ顣
ַǰһݣ漴뿪˳βľβоԼľһᣬǲɵ¶һ̵ı顣
ɲԼ
ղ֮ԱַƵķģҲ̫⣬űַһľʵֻҪһ¶棬βĴҾ޽סҾ޽ĻƬܻ֮Ҵ󴬡
ʧȥ˾޽ЩֻҪһ뺣Уɱ
β˵ҲǱŽȴ벻ַ޴ȻĻβʱһĳХ
Ҫ˵Ҳﵽ߰ҲˣȴҪ仰㱻Լƭصġ
βͷХǧ
ĸֻ˼ӣͻȻо۾һʹ·һ漴оԼһֻҺһֻ۾ҲͻȻʧȥ˹
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ַȴľľԾִ˽ȥһ
βļֻצڿз׷ץȴҽԼצ۾У˿̵оΣıƽ
Ϲһֻ۵ĻҲ㲻ʲô޳ܵȴпڽ֮󣬼벢ƻĴԡ
ֻҪĴܵƻʱɣѵɵҪȡԼе
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βͻȻͷ£һͷ˺ˮУβӴ뺣ˮУںľˡ
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˽ϵ˾ʧɫǲûпַԾβУֻǿͷβͻȻ˺ˮУַͷβϡ
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٣Ҷ˹еĿҲ䵽ϣȻհ˵ַӦûûµģûиӦַ̫Σա
ͻȻгһƬŤգ϶¶˾ϲı飬ʱַ㿪սǱ֮ĿռڣȻַ㻹š
漴ǧϲųβӺˮըŤУһͷһͷȥı캣Ⱥ˰еС
ֹ˺һᣬеŤʧˣַˮԾ˽ϣڸĺˮѪɫַԾϽ֮ĺɫҲǳɫ
ַ¶ƣ֮ɫղڽβ۾֮󣬳βȫľԴΪǧַ㡣
ַѾ˳β壬Ȼ׳ȥҪȻǰһŬȫ׷ˣӶնɱ˼ͷԣս˳βĴУǿżС߲ʹ顣
βһսѾʹַ㾫ƣȴ᲻÷β캣ֵʬ塣
ͷβ󣬳֮⣬ϵѪҩĻǿߡ
ЩҵıޣƽԵʿǼϣƽ׷Ź̫ϧˣַǿ񣬽βڵıȫսǱĴС
սǱ֮ڵַһʬ壬ǲһ㱻
Ѿʷǰˣ벻һͷҲַħɱˣ
ʱ˴ı޵Ѫ⣬ΪԼַĲѾˣʬ֮ŵ̱ڵء
һУַƣ˷˽һɱԼĳβһԼɱиֻȻεĸо
޽һ˫˫ע۾ȫ䵽ϣַ㵭ЦûˣǿԼˣ


699  ˸
ս֮ڲʿٷӪŮ׷˼װϡ
ЩбǿʼúˮϴװϵѪŮĨ洦ɼѪһԵþղڲУھҵĻζÿ˶ˤεء
ڵϼװʱһֱϲ
ڲжᣬĴҹʱжȷһ£ʤǵģսַսϣս޲ʤַһҲûʲôɵĵġ
ϻûַ˵飬սʤȻǣʵ֤ǲһβ¶˶ѡ
˴Լʱ䣬˽Ÿϵ˶׸ǣڵ½ۿڵʱ򣬷˽ĵڵһֻţ֪ĺʿǻΪ˳ִˡ
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ԶϥĻ뾡һа취㣬ԵĻͻη֮ģ㱰ϥ
϶εսܣѾʹöͨʿԷ˳ǵĿ־裬Ȼӭ˳ǵ˵ãҲַˡ
Ϣڲǵɽڸӭǡ
ַб˷˽ϴµʱǿԻصϣڵһʱ뿪½أӪŮַһ˰
ЩŮ̻꣬Ҳսľãо˶ﵽİ·ӪһͨŮҲͨеĵͼ١
ЩŮģʵȴǷ˳ܾӣֶַŮЩŮսϣҲ̷ˡ
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Щƽ߸߹ԼһͷķӪŮɽڵͻȻ¶һ˿ȣ뵽һ£ַˣЩƯŮȫ˵սƷˡ
ȻŮȴȻŮһͷͷ˻ҵرߴ֮⣬˶ֻһߣͨУһһ˵Ļڶ˵Ǳδˡ
ȻɽڵϹ΢ЦַôôЦǼЦԷ΢ЦҲȥԷ˵Է䣬ַ־òˬ
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ַͻȻһִз̵Ц˵ɽڴ⻰˵Ĳˣ˵ǻĵĴ󺣺ʲô£
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ַ㣬ɣ˳ھǽͷʱ˵Ŀ⡣
Уַɣ֮⣬һɫŮ
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ǵж¶Ľı飬ǼĽַôƯŮĽŮľ
ַߵŮǹɫŮҲƵǼƷ˺һᣬЩΧ۵оӿ˼Ա
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һ߰꣬ļɰŮַָһ˵裬㿴кö壿
ֻл˲ӵ뻪˲ߣСŮһӼôľˣַ֪ǻˣΪЩ˶ǻˡ
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СŮڳַһˣȻͯ޼ɣȴʿŭĿ⡣
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СŮĸ׵¶˿־֮ɫϽסԼŮ죬ЩʿĸŮߡ
һʿ䵶ָСŮ۵Ц˵˸£С˾Ȼ˵˵ĺûҽˣɱ飿


700  Ұ
漴ʿеս䣬Χ۵˲ͬǶ໥§һ𣬳ĸŮв˷һȲ
ַ΢΢üͷСŮҲǿ佱ַһˣǿĸߴ󣬲Žϳ˻壬ȴɱ֮
Χ۵棬ȻûһͬǶĸŮɴ˿ɼѪ˽ȱͬġ
һַȻ֪һȺˣһٴνӴѪ޳ܵһ棬Ȼ̾ϢѣԴĦ޳ܵһ壬֪ôģ
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漴ʿԴ䵽˵ϣѪһ׶ߡ
˸£
һʿӵնǶĸŮĽղŵʿһҲͷأʬԵ
Χ۵˲֪һ£ǼʿͻȻͷأΧ۵˶ʱ˸һɶĸҲԼŮʧȺС
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ַһУЩŮҲûпַ֣ȴ֪ղųֵһַ㣬Ϊһ䲻ƽ£ϲԱƱһˡ
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ȺУֻˣſ˸ղַϷһķУնʿս֮ȺնʿԴ
ַǿķҲѹԽԽСܳɹס˵۾
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һֱ˶ӵĳƺСӡ
˵ĶˣҲ᲻֪
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˿ַ㷭ĻַҰ˵ûһԴڷŭ֮£һ˵˼֡
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ַ仰֮ɽڸӻðɡ
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һѪˮɽڵĿ˳ղģ߲ƸһͷԵ˴ϡ

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ȥ֮԰֮԰пʼһڲ̵ħѵǸʱκ˶ƴսҲѸ
ı֣Լ˷֮԰ĵҩδֵԼսǿˣԻַˣٴηԪ
Ԫ֮ȴʧķַ֣ڻĵλøӹ̣սĵλҲܺҪ鲻ǻַ㣬Ҫڸ
ڻģȴѾ޷һˡ
䵽ϣշתһٻ˶ǿߣٺҵƸΪʦ
ַȥ֮֮ٴδѪ˵ĴǸɣȥһ֮԰֮԰İ£Ѫ˴ǸɵҲһǧѸ˸Ե
ص֮󣬲ûжҵˣԼߵԻĵѪ˹ǸɣǽЩ˵֮԰ʷǰǿߡ
ѪЩǸ֮԰һ֮󣬸̥ǣҲȷ֮԰ǿߵĻҲ˵ȫڴţ
˼ôǿߣǴϲΪԼԺҲ»ĵķ˳ˣԺƵҲˡ
һһüͷ˵ַ˱Ƶڻ޷㣬Ƶǵʺʳϡٵ˲ѪȥֵǱĿҲԶز˻ģ
һ˵ʦеӳ֣նַˣ
֮԰֮֮ܶ԰оøʢǿߣ˵Ż˵ĵ
ҡҡͷ˵ַѾѵܷɳǵĲɣҵһȻ𾴣Щ϶ȴǣȳסȵЩ϶ַϳԹ˿ͷ֮ٳʰо֣ʱĶ˭Ҳǣ
ʦ˵ǣַЩ˵ϣʱǵķͷ䲻Ҫ˸ǹ𣿡
Щʰַ㣬ַν֣κ˶֪˵Ŀֲ˵ʵҲȥ֮԰ĻҶûʰַİգΣֻҪһַ֣ɣʱҲԸһ˵ˡ

еһЩؼҲڽһַ̣ĵѾ߲㣬ûɲӡ
ձ鰫С߲ͬ˴ĸߴһĻȣҲû̫
ֻȺرߴ
һң˵ҵʱ˶ɺȽȺеϵΪ˸߸ϵҡ
ΪԼĺϷԣҵ˽Լ˵ĺϵ˱ķӣҺͨ飬ʹҵûбصͬ
Щ˵ȣԪʱڻغһĺ´֮ʱǺкϣɱԽ
Ӵ˶ຣĴȣЩӱԽԽѹˡ
Ϊ˻ȥĵĺȺҵ˹һΪάҵͳΣҵ˽غһĺձ࣬ΪǿĴ֣Աڵ
ַ֮󣬹ʦһ˺޶סˡ
᱾ʦһɲôǸ뵽Լڹʦ֮ǰɱַĻԵõַߵŮԺһǣøոĹʦһɡ
Ȼַﵽ߰㣬ҲǿߣǲŸڳһɵ˳֮ǰԼַʹš
ַ㻮غЭ飬˸ǾԼĺϷԣڶʵȺᣬʳƸ뺣ϡ
ַǵĺȫȥֱҪǵ
ŵĴʩ֮ѡһȺΪ޵еĶǿߣǳͷɵַɣַߵЩƯŮ
˵ʵ湻еİŮˣҵĸ߸ŮûЩ˵ķݣǲŴַʹŮ⡣


701  ں֮
һ죬ַ˾ľסɽڰŵ
˲ҲסԼгкȣûǮȻЩӲ¶ͷԼͳǣ
Ͼַ֮࣬Ҷ磬Ĵɽˮ
ڼУҶҲ𽥴ıлָ˹ϸĵ΢Ц
ҶǧĵģɣİĶҶ粻֮Ů
ŮһĴڣɣҶۡ
һ죬ַȥ棬ʮһ£ͷҵĴͻȻסݵĴţЩ˵ҲûдֻǾվ棬ﱧеսݡ
Щһ˸ֵ˶Χۣǰһ˺üֵա
ЩҪľЧΧ۵Խ࣬ǻַ֮ԽʢȴûԼַܸĻôǰҲһܶ顣
ĸߴǿǶַſڣΧ۵˸۷׷ףǿһֱǿװƽǼٳ֣һֵĻǵ»
벻ʦû֣ǿߵȳˣľ棬һΣǿڲٳĬˣ˳ѵŵַ˳ˡ
һΣȻǿ߶ˣַעҪԴͷˡ
ַҫȥвʿ˷˳սĹ֮£˹ߣǿһͨ˷׷ΪЩ˽
ַԽԽ֣һŲ֪ǿɱˣߵļŮһ档
ַ˵ɽˮһܣŰҲһֲܡ
Щ˵߱Լһ˵Ͳ˶٣ʵֶǰӣΪ˰֮⣬ûи߸ˣû뵽컹˲ٸ߸ӣ
̵ַĽһЩǿߵ
ʱһĵ˵ԭЩ˶ǻļѽǵڻĻ첻ȥܵ۸ЩٰĻˣĿ
ǣЩǿߵҲ¶һ˿ŭɫ
ǵ汲ڼǰѾƬеҶЩͲԼǻˣַ汲ʹǸеЩ޵ݡ
ǿԲ뻪ĵĹϵǵԻģȴǧȷ顣
һվ˵ַˣ˵ǻǿսֵһ¡
˵Ļû˵ַ꣬ͻȻסĻ˵һϻһ
˵ɫŭɫΪ㵥ԼҲʰַ㣬ַȴ˵ŵһ仰
˵ìֵ޷͵ĻþķһУʤߵȭͷǵ
߾ǵԱֶأȻûַ˵Ϊַ᲻׾Ĺء
ַȴ˵һ仰ַȺŹĻǻյʤҲᱻ˳Цʦһ֪һȺ˴ַһЦŹأΧŹĻҲΥַĳԡ
һվ˵һ˳־㹻ʰˣ
ַҡҡͷ˵㻹
Һԣ
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ã
һ˳սʹõǱ׼˫յ̬ĸߴ˫յ֮£ԵñЩС˸ơ
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ַ㿴һۣ벻ĩ꣬ǰ˵ﵽ߰㣬ǵһĩʮʱ߰ǿ߻ϡ
һ߰ǿߣĩ˲ֵǮˡ
ĸߴĺ˻ǰΧ۵˷ܵ˫۷Ź⣬ǸΪ˽
ǿҵˣӵϵĵλ
һǵǿһԶԶͨ˵ߣһ棬ҵˣԼ˵ĺˣĺˣȻܹͨȵ˵ġ
ֵĺˣǿٮٮߣ˶ΪһΣλСˡ

⣬˻ûг֣㷢Ϲһ㳤
˵ʵ˻ƵĺַȴûܵһӰ죬ľѾǿޱȣҪǰ𣬾ǰıһֻ蹷Ҳܵԡ
ȵ˺ˣԼˣַ˵ĩ֮ϱҲû˿Եסҵȫһɴ˱˳һɣ֪½ܵסҼ
ַ˵ȻҲһ
˵Щ⣬벻˫ûнַֻ֣ܵһַȽϳʵķϣԼҪ̫Ҳˣ
漴е䵶һ⣬ֱַն˹
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ʲôĵ޵ս޵ʿȣ磿
ʮ˵Ҳ¶һ˿ЦǺԼλͬʵղһǵͬǳԽ˹ȥﵽĳ۷塣
һΣսѵʱˡ
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ŽҪȥĺˣַ˵˵ֻܳһҲڶĻᡭ
ַղŻеĺ壬ַ˵ֵܵһ˵Էһַ֮ϣʱȻ޷ڶˡ
ַ˼Ϊַֻܵһ
ͻȻоԼղ˵ĻЩЦԼ˵ʲôԵвõڶҲֻЩˣʸ˵Ļ
ǿһصַ㣬ճҲ֮ˡ
ַ㻺˱˵漴˵ϣ˿ΧյĺȲû£Ǳ㿴˼Ϊ˼һĻ
һ֮䣬ǿǿ֮һһַ㽣¡
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ַ㻷ȫ֮󣬲˵һ
໥һ£벻еһͬһо͹ַУַղŵǾ仰Ǵ޾Ŀ
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ɱһǿ֮Ȼ˵һУҲ·˴׵ѵͬһͼ
Щ룬ǴشˣַУǵȻҲ磬һַˣûһǺö
˵ҵϣŵҲǻ˵ѪЩˣЩ˻ҪթַҲͲǿǻˡ
ЩԼڵĶַȻɱҲǺ
ͬʱһվ˳ַΧ˹ȥ
ÿ˵߰ңЩ˸һ£ַΪ߰ǿߣս˵ģڵ£ɱһͬǿߣһӵϵĻַĶ֡
ǿһӵ֮ߵ˵̫ˣһ˴򲻹һȺѵǷ˳Ǿûа𣿡
һ˵٣ҲЩԾԾԡ
ַ㵹Ǻ˵һԿ־ˣһҲûʲôڷ˳ǲҲ۸ǼȻҪȺŹǺˡ
ָ磬ȷϲҪǰæ𣿡
ţԸȺں֮ڣһ˾͹ˡ


702  ƽķŭ
˵ͬʱ浹ȥе䵶Ҳͬʱ׹ء
û˿ַ֣ٵȴ˵ؿڶֲĴ󶴣ľ޴ѹ£ؿڵѪˮȪһ硣
˵¶˷߿ı飬Ǵ˿̲ףԼͬѾַ͵Ϯ֮¡
ղַ㻹ЦǺǵߵŮ˵˭ϵͻȻ֣˵ؿںݺݴأ
ַ㣬㱰޳ܣȻ͵Ϯǣ
ַЦ֣ǽ֣ѵҲ͵Ϯ𣬲ĻҲ͵Ϯң
˶ʱΧסַʱսѾʼˣַȴڳһƵģ漴չ֡
˵ַǰ㲻͵Ϯַ̫죬֮뼸Ů˵ʱͻȻ
ʱ˶Ϊַ㲻ʱŻУַȻû͵ϮȴԼٶȣﵽ͵ϮеЧ
ַȻ˵ЩҲЩȴ֪ǳ֣ҲﲻַЧǵٶȱַԶˡ
ͬ黹ûкм㶪¶˲ĵģ˵ǿ߾
ַëûһȴֵַܵĽ¡
ΧסַĸҲˣһȫ䱸һÿ־Ŀ⿴ַ㣬ʱǻһ¡
ɽȥ˳̸е棬м˱ʦĵӣЩȻǴͨʿѡģ㲻ϹʦţǱϾǹʦĵӡ
ʦüַϣʦӦַ˲Ŷԣַһ˾кü죬ԳΪ׵Щǿȴƫƫûгֵ˼
˿Щ˲ףһɵ֮ûַ֣֪㲻ǣͬʱҲ˿ԼЦ˼
Щ̸ֻ۵ļһֶһȺԸԴ֮ͽŴжƣʹһ¶棬⵽ַش
һеݵĺҧгݵĴ
쵰ѽֲóһɵһҲ֣ԭַǣԼ˵һɵҲ÷ӦٶأԭǲûӦǹⲻ
˿̣ЩѾﻢ¡
ߵĻͬˣԺ˱Ҳ޷ǰ̧ͷˣԺҲƲǡ
ʣµİ˾˿ɣַƾԼһ˵нȫɱ
Ƶǣǲַ٣һַȴɱǵһˣΪʲôַ죿
Щַһͬ޵УնɱǿһĸǿߵĻоͲˣַǻӵˣѵսǸ
һһתб˻⣬ƾǼˣַĶ֣Լľַһƴһоˡ
ַûԣҲеŮٶְɣĶħ
˴еǣַħ֧£˳ɱֵܽã죬͵Ϯˣǣ˵ô죿
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˸ΪУ˸
Ůٷ׷׻ȭͷһЩ߰ĺУҲ˳޵Ŀ⣬˲ɿǣҲԻˣǷ˳ǵ˺֮ǡ
˳ս붫Ľںδսмʮڷ˳ǵĹ֮£ЩƽУвٵˡֵܡߺӡ˷˳սĹ֮¡
˿˺˵Ļ˵ĿⶼǳޣĿɱ˵Ļַ˿̹ˡ
١Ҷ硢Ҳü
벻˻һ֣Լַ㣬ȴɿЩ޹ƽڻңҲںսսҲвǵϡ
Ǳκ˶˶Ի˵ĳޡ
ÿ˶˵ģǰЩƽˣкܶ˷˳ʿϣ˿̼ƽ˹ĻЩ޴ƽҲ֪ôźá
ȻԸЩ壬ЩĺҲ޷޴ƽ֣Щƽкӣϸˣĺˡ
һϳ˽ɣһ˵ǿǸħӴǵľУɱĺܶˣһȻҹ룬һܷŹ
˴ɣЩ˴˿Ѿ嵽ַǰԼȥˣѾʧȥǡ
һ˿˽ɣһۣаԹַ̫⣬Ȼ˹ȥɣɱ뾩УɱĶʿһ£ŭѷѴˣ
ԼɱƽĻ붫ҰûʲôˣԼֻ֣ЩƽϣһԼһֻȶһˡ
Ȼַ˵˵ȥ
ʵָ磬ˣأ
һｫѪɺӣǶŮҲϣǿЩ̫Ѫȵĳ档
Լַ㣬ԭַֻǽ˽ȥɱ䣬ĩУַߵŮѪȵɱ¾ȴûɱ޴ƽҲΪַ㲻Щ޴ƽ֡
ַ˵ĿǰЩŮǣЩƺûʲôѶַ˲бƽ
ٵİ£Ҷ磬˵УǲַĶƽɱ䣬ΪַŻЩˡ
ԼɹƽķŭЩ˵¶΢Цʼ壬ɱƽһһ֮Աǡ
ַΪս񣬸Ƕΰ䲼涨κɱƽ˶ܵϳͣһΣѵַƻԼµĹزɡ
Ļպصηˣ
ӿŮףַͻȻüΪ䣬һնǰʮ׵ĵطһΪ˵
ЩӿŮйһɲǵԥ
һʮ꣬ݶûмŵߺԥַ̤㻮µߣݺݶַ˵ΨһĶӱħյľУ㲻죬ѾʮˣбɱңҪȻҾɱ㡭
õġ
ַû̫ԥһߵͷ߸߷˳ȥ
һӺܰһ˫۾Скַ㣬һ޵˵ҵĸȺĶħϣҪҵĸױ𡭡
СкĻû˵꣬һͷԵڵأҲû
һķ䴩С࣬ǵ̫̫죬Скȥļ죬ϵıҲΪȻ·ǵڵ˯һ㡣


703  ħַ
ħȻϣɱ޴뺢ӣһϣħƴˣ
ƴˡ
ַɱһһ֮󣬲ûпסƣʹƱøӻңѾ˵еģٵ˸һɫʧˡ
ǵģַƽչɱĻһȻʹַսһֱַ㶼ϳκζƽɱΪ飬ĺ˸ء
Ҳַǵѣַ㲻ֵĻ˵ᱻŭƽ˺Ƭ
ҵĿ̵£Ի˵Ѿ裬ַǰɱˣʱŮ׵ʧء
˶ڷŭȺаЦַĶħںЩƽѵϧԼսһΣô죿
ͻȻм׼ȷ߰ϡ
Щ˵ڵĲλúܺϣӵ뻪˲ߣȺһվҲҪ߳ͨһͷ
վͨУһֺȺĸо
ַ㷢ǧУͬһסЩˣ۵ķƬ̼㽫еĺгһ⡣
ڼĲҽ󣬷ɢȺе߰ǿȫһѵѪˮ
ַ˲ɱ߰ԱǿߣûֹסЩŮ׼˹ЩŮҲĩ˶꣬ƽȾеʿҪңΪ˻ȥЩ˼ɱԼˡ
˵һΪʹ飬ַΪ׼ŭǣҵĻȥĶħͬھʹ졣
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ַЩж˵ɣ˭֣ɱɱɢǰЩƽ񣬵˭ɱЩƽ񣬶ԺصģΪǧָĶħ
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ַһǻеսĻԼȫϣڣˣһ۵㡣
һ̺ɱĶĻַ˳ǲ޴ĲӰ졣
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£ɣϣԼַЩѪȵ飬ʹַ㱳̺ɱĶάսַĴԡ
ɣǣַ˰˵ˣеȷɱЩˣȻɱǾͻԼ֣ˣ˸ɱ
ƽ񣿡
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仰δ£ַͻȻУֱŮ׵նȥ
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һЩ۵Скߵ˷׷׵ѪУȻŵᣬҲĵѪС
ˣӣŮǳˣһƬƬķ£ΧĿУѪˮϢѪˮζ
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˿̣ȴǰһˡ
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ķ£Щ޴Ů׳ȺȥַУ˾һѰ㱻ɨ
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ͬʱΪʲôַЩŮȫ˻棬ǰһ̫ѪˣŮףЩ˶ôַ㶼˶Ƭ֮䱻һ࣬ļǿ⸱Ѫȳ棬ֻҲᵱŻ¡
һɱŮױɱֻʣµļ˻깷ģǱӵģŵȥӦоС
һСվˣ˶ˣת֮䣬ҲûһַĶվ
ڳɶѵʬǰվ˺þãַƽ˵һжˣǻȥɣҲûȥˡ
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а̾Ϣַɱ֪ȻϲַЩûжٻƽҲ֡
һֱӴĶֵַ壬ŮԵһ棬죬ȴַҲмΪ̵һ档
治ַ֪ʯĳͳģ

УĿ˸е˵ַ㣬û뵽Ļ壿
ܵеʧַҲЩݣ˿̴ʵϣȻһһ˿
һֱַ֧Ҳͷ
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ַһ˵Ĵ֮ˣҵһμʱ򣬾͸оĴϾһƴ϶⣬ҫңůʱҾͺĽĴȴ㣬˵һ˽ˣΪߵ˿ԸõĻȥҿԷ硭
ַһĺܶ£һУõһѣڱΧʱڲĶһСŮ֣ȴһСŮذ״ࡣ
λǰ͸ַһ仰ǣ˸ɱ
ڵԶ½γ˽Ը񣬳˶׵֮⣬ǶȴȱͬģиûһǷǶԴĹ
ǰǣַ㲻ɱǵĻпܱŭ˸˺ˣֻҪ֣ߵŮӪŮһ
ΪΪߵŮַûٿǣͶЩƽչ˷ɱ֮ǰԽɣ˵ЩƽĵˣȻǵˣûпĵײеĵˡ
ֻҪǵˣַͻɱ
鼸ҪַûУЩɱ˵ŮףʵҲ޹
ַɫҺܾ֮ǰҲ⣬ڵҪɱңֲ뱻ɱǲҲɱǣڲԽһµĽޣնɱ뺢֮ߣȻɱǣҽЩնƬʱȻһλᡭ
ЩȴϧκһλᣬǵҵģǿҲˣһ˶ˣ˳Ҳпܱƣ˽ģΣͷֻάԼ桭
Ƕˣ˳ҲˣһĴأֻбǰܶ౶˱ɱ֪ԼղһкѪȣȴڣѡһεĻһѡɱˡ
Χ˶䣬ɣͻȻվ˵һʼҲֵֶַ̫Ѫȣ룬ȴΪֲַûʲôСãӣ֮ǰҲסǻ˵ʱԴǻĵķ²ģ
ͷҲ˻˶Եʱĺܶ飬˲ǳԣ˳սȻûռˣȴܹϣ֮ǵһЩӡ
ЩıʿȫƳ⣬ĴСﷷ
ˣЩս˻½һЩС͵ϣ֮ǣϣ֮ȫɱ⣬ЩмˣҲкӡ
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һЩƯŮЩץ֣ЩŮ֮ǵʬҲϴɾ֮ʳ
캣ֵҪһЩײŮǣΪʳ
ַ˵Ķԣ֮սȻ˳սͲڵϵ˭˭ֻ֮һ

ΧŮɫͣȻ˽ɣ˵ɣȻַƽַȻսŲԻ˵ȴһ顣
ɣɤӼ˵ַˣҲˣɱǻıɱľͲǼƽˣֻǻ˻мʮ򣬼УˣҪֻһ£Ǿǳɱǡ
˳ĬڻζַɣĻ
þãҲվһɫ˵ֻܶǿ˱棬Щƽĺܲңȴû̫࡭
ַ֪ǲ̺ɱˣЩʱһ˻Ҫʹ࣬Ԫ̫ˣκεֻͨǿ˲棬ҲַԱƱֶβȷġ
̧ͷеȥ۾Ҳָ˵ַ㣬Ժʲô飬Ƕ֧㡣
ַ˵ͷ֪ԼΪ̡ܲ
ﵽⶼ峺ŮǲýӴһеģԼΪʲôҪһŮʶпһأԼڷ˳ǲǸ
ھݵĽ֮ȡ˹ʶ
ԺַʲôǶ֧֣ҲͨˣĩпᣬΪ˻ȥֻбʱпᡣ


704  ؿڼһй
ַݸɱ˼ƽϢںµͬʱȴӷŭͬʱǶҲΪ
еϴİռҪҵϳɱ˵֡
ҵҲΪѣǲǲɱַ㣬ɱַ㣬ͬʱְȺ̫ܣĽûɱַ㣬ʮǿߣ뼸ƽ
ҵ˵Ҳǿ뼸ƽϣַƾһ֮ɱǿߣɱƽΪѾ˵ķŭ
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ǵںƽһʧȥʮǿߣԺҲ޷һɾˣѵƴȨľʹ˽ԺҪһ˸ȡ
ڵõ֮󣬵ûие⣬˾ַĶ֣һַ֪ϣҲ֮С
ΨһǣַȻɱƽַ֮ݣǴ˳ϡ
ַڻĴϣһֱϳκɱƽΪȴһ̬һɱ˼ƽĩ˶˽쵱ȻЩƽ
ǻˣİûκεĸ飬ĵֻԼȨ᲻ܵӰ졣
ڵõµ֮󣬳̲סЦǳˣԺҲȥԸַ㣬ԺڶĻҲˡ
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ͷ˵ַѾѣʱȥȷһ飬һǿ߾ʧҿԺ˭ҲҵĻ
һ˳ܾõ˵᳤ȫԳᣬҵ˸̨ȥ᳤ԼҲһЩʣ
ǰѪ˵ĹǸɣȻϰߵĳƺΪѪ˵Ļ᳤ˣʦ
Ǹһ˿Ц˵ңʱʱĻˣȻǿʣΪʲôҾͲʵ굽ҼңҲȷøĳˡ

ϵʱһʮ߰꣬òܳڵŮһʮСкַ㡣
ַûһѣһһһȴͻȻһɫҶ缶ŮַеЩ⡣
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ַµŮǻҵˣҪȻҲ˵ߣȻĸߴ󣬵ǱԼɱôˣʱԼġ
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Скַ۾Уǿ־ı飬ȻѾַ֪ʱɱʮǿƽ񣬶ַͻȻԴɱϲŻı顣
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ַŮ֮˵˰ɣŮ˾ǲҪȻǵ湴ָ硭ָҲһͱļŮ˽Ǹˣ˵ΪʲôһҪɽˮСأԭЩŮģ
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΢΢һ㶣ƺоٵĻЩȻķΪŮ˻ںЩ𣿡

Ůڽ֮ܿ󣬻潫ַŵòᣬԭǰŮӣһһŮǿߣһĴڡ
ַҲǵãӣһ³ܲң֪ʲôԭַˣˡ
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ŮĵװŻԲ͵Ĺ˳ַԿֻѩ¶ɫϸСѪܣһſ档
ӣǻˣּΪţĴŴȴֹͬŮһδԵЩ֮ࡣ
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ߣ캣ȫǣԺ˻ȫҵĵ֮ܵλ˶ˣ죿
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ַĿⶢԼصѩϣӣɫԵЩȻ
ǻֹȵֵĻ·˶ţֻԵøȻŪԼķ顣
ӣȻŮˣҲһϰߴ¶ǵ·ȴַ֪ǽ̫Ҫˡ
ֻҪַ֧ĵܵܲ˳ĵʣܴȪµжǵһУַ֪Ůƣַһɫˡ
Ĵ˵Уַһײеɫħ޲ýеƯŮ˽ɱϵˡ
Ŵ¶ѧֹеŮزоԼܱŤ·ôˡ
ΪֵܣòΥĴ
ÿ˶ϲŮַһҲϲӣŮҲȷԼ֮һסַŮĹâ
١Ҷ֮󣬲֪Լˡ
ַŮǾɫǴ˵еκһŮӵвɫ¶Ȼ޷Խеκһˡ
峺ʵŮӣ̾ѣ벻ϻĺȱŮַŮ֮Լʧȥġ
ַĿⲻͣ䵽زǿָһġ
ӣͷ˵ս˿ϰҵĵ֮ܵܵλĻҵĵܵԸսΪʦԺĶҲԷ˳ΩǴӣǻԻһ˫Խܵ캣Э
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Ա˵նΪһҫ飬ȴЩԺȻӣǶ԰ޱȣ͸ϸۼ¶ϸϸѪܵĴظ
ҿϣҲʲôӣ˫Խܵ캣ЭҲڵȥ̸
ַܾӣЩ˵սˣʦ֮԰ЩʷǰǿǶ֮ǣȪֶԹʦƴӣǲ캣òģҲκ̸еģ
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һһ֮ǵģһ֮⣬ǻĵ캣ǵ캣òȴڶ죬Ļ뻪Ժ㲻ᷢˡ
ַ룬ӣֵҲԽܡ
Ͼ˽󿴳ǵߣԼײУҲɱڵЩվҪͨЭ̽ġ
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Ķ棬һ޼ʵ̫ƽԼǰ˵ﻮ뻪캣Ҳ˵˵ѣϾĲԽȥ̫ƽ
ĩ֮캣Ҳĩǰϸ񣬻˭˭ȥԡ
ַ֮ƶ˲캣ЭҲǵ̫ԵİԼǰɽǩ캣ִеĻҲ
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սϣֻӣԭˡ
ԭʵ㣬ҾǸַ̫ˣɱҶƽѾʹеĶն֮ǣȻҪ׳壬ĶħĻ᲻ὫԼҲȥأ


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һˣԭȻкøУַڹʦһ˵ϣĽ㣬ȴΪһһ˶ִôܵˣ
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ԭǲ˵ôܣǿôһ˾ܶԿˣ
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죬ԭһ򲻷˵Ľ㣬ȴַߵۣǸʱ԰ռǿʥĽ㣬кܲζ
ӣ̾ǲΪַЭ飬ԷС檶ǣͿңһ飿
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ӣüս⵽ƻ˵Ҳ֪ҵµ֣ǰ͵ϮֻҪԼĵܵû£鱣ֳĬ
ڣַ֧֣ϣʵϣеƴģٴҵƣٳĬ
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̨սķ߰˰ĻԼĵܵԭֻҳһˣˣսȴѾϡ
ʮϵĻЩԲΣϴСĽҵѪģѾȥʱӣŭˣȻìܲϣȴһֱûжǽ֡
ЩϴСԲνײҵ˷ҪǽأӣԶеʲôˣб³
ǵȻɱҪСԭǸų򡣡
δ䣬ʮһӸߴЩúڽǵʵģӣȴ֪Щ˵Ϊǿ
Щÿٶм˸Ǵﵽ㣬ԷȣӣߵĻ󲿷ȴֻж˫ȻһȼĶ֡
ӶԷһֱѵЩȻԾеǿߣӣȵǶǾӵˣһңΪʲôǸҶԻҵ˭ǵĵӣ
СҲҵĹȴֹͬȵСһ֪ܵȥݱС٣ĵܵŵĵ߹ģСǸų򶪹ˣǶѪԵˣһҪࣿ
ϵ˵ĲС˴źŴ̻¶۵ģȥĵС
С˻ӦǸСûвٱֵܵҲúòһСˣ
ܵҹԼ¶زӣоؿڵıʱˣϵװ֮⣬벻ԼǰŲųݣž֪Լַɵ飬Ϣôй¶أ
ѵַԱ˱Ȫµˣݵ˸ܡ
ٻԼܲȪһջ󣬲ŵȪµ߹Żᰵн췢һ֪ͨҵ


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ӣһ̧ͷսһսסԭĺģԭŵɫӣȵľ֮Ӱһ㲻Ϊγң
СƽȷҲˣȴܿԸ¼Ը¼ԼҪҲûʲôȴ߸Ȫʵıҵܵһ˵߹ҾͲˡ
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ӣסеķŭ˵ľӰ㿴ҳ𣿡
ľӰһ죬Ȼ֪ӣƯŮһصӣִ̻¶ģջ
ЩĻҵĵͷ˵СȷҼŮˡ
ֻҪҵܵܣҾ͸һϲ
ӣԼԽԽľӰһ˵֪СĪ⣬ֵסֻҪǰһҾʹ
ûˡ
һľӰͷͻȻ˳ȥѪԭǣԭҽһ˲һŵ˹ȥ
ӣߵȺˣ벻ӣڼʮԶе䵶׼ȷնľӰԴ
ӣĳһͻȻԭһҽУؿ͸˳
ԭ
ԭѾˣ˿ȴ˴̴壬ӣ̲סʹһҧĺ촽ԭ嵹ȥһСվԭ
ҪʮԭҪһЩ
ӣ¶޵Ŀ˵Ұ
ղŴ̴ֵԭˣĴ󽫾Ұ˹ȥĸµĵһսĸȥ֮ڱҰһֱվǽһȪ²ŲҹȻǷ
벻龹Ȼһ𾴵ıҰ߻ģıҰҲȫȪһԡ
Ұеս֮Ÿͷӣ˵ӣӣһֱҶͬԭĴƽҲûٻػ㣬죬ǽܾȻ뻪˹ᣬҾͲˡ
ȻȪҪҽ̸֮ãĸ׵ҲҲҼķϣҿԽϵȥ
ҰĻ˵ĺףӣҲ֪Լ䵽ȪУһʲô³ǰĸ׻ŵʱͬΪҵȪ±㴹ɫ
ӣȷȪµ׷мһˣȪ¶֮ܵܵλ͸ȪˣԼ䵽ȪǸħ֪ʲôأʱֻ
ӣϵȥҲ䵽Ȫ֣֮ȥɱеˡ
ӣһӵϼһսٵնҰ
ҰЦһĩǰȨĽĩֳ֮ΪĵһսȻӣǸѵһţϾᣬҲӣ
תۼ䣬ӣնʮȴҰ˻ȥ
Ұһ赲ӣĽһЦ㸸׵ϣұһϵȴİţȻֻס㣬㽻ȪˣȪҲһ
ҰҪɱ㣿
ǳ롭
ҰҲ֪ӣ൱˽ֵĻʱ֮ڣʰ¶ԷҰͺһʮǿĺһΧ˹Χӣ
ʮӣߵĻһۣ໥֮˵ͷһҰЩˡ
һӣеС㣬ϽȥַҰκβˣֵһ󡭡
Ұ¶ŨɱΪӣַͷǱ˴ѪԵˣӦվһߣɱӣܡ
ȴû뵽ӣԵĻңӣ˴֮Ȼ벻ûԭˣͲûϡ
ҰŭһеĺȺ֣ӣ֪Լκεã෴Լ
Լû뿪ĻպбĻᣬЩΪȥ˵ˣŻõƵİá
ӣӿһԼѾȥʱĵܵܣŶ·ӡ
Ұдŭֻ֪Ҫӣˣַ㹴һ𣬱㼫ѶԸˣΨһĵܵܣԺ˵᳹վһߡ
źǣӣߵЩҪĵסֻĿӣȥսҲȺЩǷǲֵĻϡ

Ѫһƣӣȥַʵˣ
ԼȥĵܵЩĵӣȦͨ˵󽫾Ұҹᣬɱߵˣҵĵܵܣҵлˡ
ַ˰ԸˣԼ翴ԭµϣˣԼͿ֧ӣˣҾֵԺ˱ֻʣԼˡ
ֻɱΧ֮ͶԼͿԿԼеҪԣԺԼƵʵλϣһʱԼ֮ˡ
һŮҲһܵɣ


708  ƥ
ַͷ˵ģ˭ɱҵͽܣҶŹģַĵ㱻ɱ
ӣһľѪˮַһϧ˵ҹˣȥϴϢһɣɱܵܵһҲܲˣһ磬ҾΪȥЩֻһ
ַвûнԭԼĵӣҲϲǸӵֻ꣬ӣϣǿԭΪӡ
ϲԷһ£Ⲣ˵ԭ壬ȥԼ飬ԼҲкöˣһȴȻû¶κκ̸˼
ȥҲһ취˲ַ㣬ַҲܳȥɱˣԭˣԼĵӱɱΪͻƿڣĿǰĽ֡
ӣĵ˵ͷ¶һмı顣
ַĿ䵽ӣΪ԰׵ϣһͷ䵽ѩϣӣͶְ׵֬һмηɵѪˮ
ѪˮӣʵزϣûԵöôԵǰŮ
뵽˵Լַ֪ԼӣҲ˵ʲô̫ҪԼΪˣʱԼʲôҪԥĴӦԼ
ַȴûгûӣ޵Ϣ
ŮոʧȥΨһĵܵĵĲ£ڼļʧʱԼôʱ侮ʯأ
ַסûֵҪӣ΢΢һӡУַһʮ־ˣκռı˵Ļᡣ
ַ֮ǰһеĴ㡣
ַޣҲֻܾҪΪԼĲܸܵںκ
ַľȻҪۣӣȴ֪ԼûκԷּۻ۵أַҪʲôֻĴӦַ㣬ʵ벻˭ܰ
ַȴҲûʹӦҪȴûгûҪַҲܰԻһ档
ԭ˲ǣ飿
˳Ůİ£ӣϴһ裬ֻһŮߴǳɫȹ̷˳Ůǰһи¶˾֮ɫ
ӣ·û֮ǰı¶ȴഺŮеԼ¡
ӣϣûо˵ŰԵͬˮŮˣȻӪŮûʲôøУȴǰӣ
ڵӣʧȥԼ׵ܵв֮иһֵİĸоʹŮҲ¶ϧģ
ڶһ磬ַҪӣҰĽָ˵Ҫַһȥַǿн
ҰΪĵһ󽫾Ȼǿߡ
Ҫǿ쵶ն飬˱ҰĽ֮ԼҪžһûȫӦ֮ǰٽ˱ҰµĽǡ
ȥˣһ¡
ַһˣ´ȨƵĽӣаǰ˹ȻǻǵԼӸһˣίԼһҡ
һլǰӣ¶һ˿ŭɫָǰһլ˵ǱҰĽ
ַ˵ͷͿˣⶰլϵдֱ˵һУʹúֵϰߣǵһ㶼ʹú֡
Ұַ֣㻹ϵó
ַȻʶ֣ȴʶек֣ӣ˵֮ǰϳⶰլˡ
ҰĽĽ뻪ĵĹŴ࣬שߵĹ죬ſڸֻɵʯʨӡ
ַʹһɫӣ⣬ǰݺ˱Ұš
ӣõ̫󣬲һ㽫ĴŸˡ
һ˳ɤӺˣ˽ĴŲɣ͸㿪ţôҰˡ
һģ˳˴ţͷ˸ͷӣһۣӣǻŮװûϳǰ˱ҵӣ
һõ˵Իĵ𣿡
ַûˣǰҪӽ˵󽫾͸Ӳ
ӵĻû˵ַ꣬һƣʵĴűֱӽӼԴַعͷӣ˵ӣǽȥɣ
ӣͷ벻ַ˺ݣһ˶顣
ַӣ̤ĴԺ֮󣬽һ˿˴һĶȹŮҵӣС㣬ҲϳӼߵˣɱƽʮǿߵַ㣬˵岻Ķ
һܼģ˲˵ӣС㣬ַˣʲô£
ַ㿴Ҳû˾˵бҰҹҪһȭͷ
ӣζĿַһַۣ㲻ҹһ´˵˰Ե
ҰսսһǿᲢ۵ģҪȻҲڻѪͳռͳελϲ󽫾ְ֮ˣҰ¸ͽƣֱַӴǲ̫ˣ

˹ǼǱҰױǱҰŵù»ҵ˸ҶԱҰЩҲһӵϣӱҰ˴ж˿顣
˵Щֻнûᣬʦ˶ԱҰڳѷһʱַ
һμӹѪսӣһۣ˵ӣС㣬ܵ죬żһ벻Լˣס㣬ƷһӣСζ
Ļû˵ַ꣬һȭȭͷУֱӼͷ­
Դըĵ˵ϣһغ

ʮһΧסַ㣬ַͳһѩ׵־ȭͷϵѪ˵˵һ㣬бҰҹҪȻҲĽ
һϣɱ
ʮͬʱַ㣬ַ͵һתΧʱһʮͷ­ͬһ˲䱻򱬣һҡҡλεĵ˵ϡ
ӣʱǰʮͬһ˲䱻ͷУкüﵽ㣬һ˽ӽ߰㣬ȴͬһ˲䱻ɱ
ӣ뵽ַһĻһĵܵǱҰһˡ
ַʮԴ֮ʮ棬˹Ķʮһӽԭء
Щ֪ǰĻ³һղŵʮͬһӱͷ³
ַûЩĳɣʵҰǸƥң


709  ŰɱҰ
ַ㣬ȷţҴҫɱôԱǿƽҸ¡һûȥ㣬ȴԼѰˣ
ҰżʮǿļҽԺַûκαĿڱҰµļʮҽһɨ
ַǵĿ⣬еļҽĽͷȥûɲ־壬ǰ˿ɱ߰ĸǿߣַɱǿߣɱǣҰǿҽӣϵǵı
ֶļҽУкܶﵽ߰ǿߣϮЩˣŽ
ȻΪӦͻȻַ㣬ҰѾԼȫЩ߰Ľ˳ǴսʱûгֹҪȻɣսʤûס
ʱҲûмôǿĽ
ֻҪЩ˳ҹĻвµڻҲڱҰǰƽ벻ҰԼŻҪǿ
ַԵģҲһѵĶս
ַ㻺˵ԴǵľûعҵݣҲһֱסУҲΪûʱңңȻңαػǰװҳأ
ַĻһ˵˱ҰҪ
ַҲһˣһҹַ鷳֮ܶ⣬ûַ˼
ҰȻǾеʵɽ죬Ҳûַ˼⵱ȻΪûлܻɱַİգַͻĻ˵ΪԷĵ֮
ڣַҵͷΪ֪Ĵ󽫾㲻ܶزˣղַĻû˵ȷַ㡣
鲻²µ⣬ַ㣬ַѾҵͷҲǰڳһ󽫾еơ
Ľһ˵֮󣬲װģ˵ûȥ㣬㷴һĻ
ⱾǱҰһ䳡滰ַȴץסţ̶Է
ҰɫҲѿȷַ㣬ַˣַܲܶ˵Һ㣬㻹ǲҪˣҪԼ棬ӵҪάġ
Ұ޷ַ粵תĿ䵽ӣϣ޺˵ӣӣǳվַ뻪һˣǽ󲻵
㣬վ޹أֻ֪ɱҵĵܵв£ҽҪΪǱµαػ˵Щûõķϻ
ַҰӣ˵û꣬ͷ˵ҰԾĺÿһ㣬ҪȻԼûһɱ
ЦɱԼˣַȻûһϵɣƾʲôΪԭ˳ͷ
ԭҸյĵӣȴɱʦģôûһϵأҽǰҲΪԼĵֻһģ
ʲôԭӣ
Ұ𾪵ӣһ˵ǽܽ涼ˣַɱôˣǧδеĴУǽȴҪԼûнԭǸųǧУһ
Ұޡ
ַ̾һ˵Ȼ㲻ԾҾҪԼˣɣ
ַһ˵֮ͻȻһݣֱıҰȥ
Ұ¼ʮĵļҽַ֣ǵ彻ǰصһ𣬽ҰСȫڵסˡ


˵ͷ­Ⱥ󱻴򱬣ЩҲһһĵȥȺıҰҲ޴Σֱӱ¶ַǰ
ַ㼫ΪĿ˱Ұϣޱ˵ˣ
Ұ¶˾Ŀ⣬Ȼ˫յһ϶ºݺַ㣬ʱ򣬱ҰȻƴĺһ׳ơ
ĺУܿĲҽС
ַһֲֻ֪ʱѾס˱Ұĸ첲һŤһġꡯ𣬱ҰֱֱӱŤϣСϲ¶˰عǲ硣
ַ㲢ûᱱҰĲҽУֽ֣ȫŤϣŵϲϰֽžϵıҰַعͷ˵߰ɣ
ӣĵ˵ִ磬ǾŹ˿ɱҵĵܵܶಿ£
ѾˣСʱͻѪˮɶ
ӣע⵽Ұǰһѿڡ
ĺѪˮһСһСɵĴؿҰ˿ڵλúಿλȻ˵ļأӣϲ̵ĵ˵ͷ
ַղûƭҰҰɱȷбҰĺңҰֽ۶ؿ˺Ѱʹ࣬ڰСʱ֮ҵȥ
СʱһҵİСʱ
ԱҰ˵ģŤֽţؿڵǵѿڣղַ㽫һϸķ˱Ұķһǡ
ڱҰķϵ˿ڼСȥڰСʱ֮ڣڼʹȥ
ַ뱱Ұԩ޳𣬰˵ʩչ֣ҲΪֺӣҰԽңӣбԽʹ죬ַҲԽм
ΪӮӣĺøУַȻһ˵
ҰʧĴ۾ַӣһȥıӰеı֪ԼˣһʱȴǸž޴ʹࡣ
ɱԽ˴˿ʹ࣬ȴֽžϣ޷ɱΨһľǵȴȴĵ

ַŰɱһսҰϢѸٴ˾ÿһ䡣
ľԶħַĿ־壬Ǵﵽһǰĸ߶ȣ˶λ޷ĶħΪһЩĸڿŲͬĺ֮ʱҲԽԽᵽַ֡
˵Ч൱Щһַ֣ҿˡ
ȪסˣоַĵѾвı
ĹǿѾַϳ˴ʱ֮Ǹûַ㡣
ոıҰҲַŰɱˡ
˭ַ֪һĿ꣬᲻أȪһҵʦ죬ֳַ㡣
һΪεĴУӵһЦ˵ַ˲߰һȻսҲֻҪһַ֣Ϊĩ²ؽַϡ
˴꣬ȪҲΪ󷴰Ϊʤĳ룬Ҳȫϣ
Ȫһ˵֪ʦһССַܿܵ˵ģַѾھɱôˣʦΪʲôأ
ʱ죬˸óֵʱȻֵġ
ȪȻشһõ˵ʦĻǲ˵̫ģˣַᣬɱ˱Ұ󽫾ѵʱ򣬻ǹʦֵʱ𣿡
ͷ˵ȷڻõĳֻᣬֻܰĵȥͺˣ
Ȫµ¶һ˿ŭ⣬˳Ĺʦ֮λ˶ԷߵΣˣȴĵģ⣿
ʦһˣҲģַаԵ
ԭ¶˲⣬ֿ˵ȻˣҾʹȥʦ֮λǱ߶ζ׳֦ҴµĵһȥĻһʮֻӭ
ʦղҵĻ˵ĵȷЩͷϣʦܹԭ£ַвԽԽˣҲŻʧأϣʦҪղŵĲϣַ㡭
ɫһ˵˵Ҳǲ鵱£ǻҪһЩ׼ַв˶ˣ¾ͻȥȺҵĺϢɣ
Ȫε̾һֻǺϵΣͷе⣬˿ãŲò̳ķ
Ȫ֮󣬳켸ĵӺ᷿˳
һ˵ַ˹Ȼ˵ãôͽȪ±ƵͶ·ˣȪҲϧ𽵹ʦ
ʦ֪ʲôʱַ㣬һȥַɱôֵܣҾߣǲٵˣ
Ȫµ˵Ǻַ㣬ѵҾͲַ㲻ɣַ㲻ɱҵĶӣټѪɱ˸䣬ַĵˣڣǻҪַңַţܿͻȪˣ˵ַ㻹Ȫ£֧ӣǸСѾͷʡ
ȪһƱػңӣǸСѾͷͻСôյ˾ƣƾַ㹴ᣬͲӮģʱǾͿԳɱַ㣬ӣ
һӹɵ˵ʱ᳤˾ͿʣռӣСѾͷĻʺˡ
쿴һۣ¶͵ı˵Ĳеȷ뷨ӣƯڻģŮҲҵˣѪͳǼΪ߹
ɥӣʣպûк̳ĲҵҲһΪʧ顣
Ҳȷаռӣ˼ϣԼڰռӣ֮պӣһаŮģԺĳңʣҲ޺ˡ


710  ʹ
ִ磬лл㣬ҵܵвµĴ𶼱ˣ޺ˡ
ַҡҡͷ˵޺ڣ㻹һҪû˵ʣҾ˵ĵܸܵʺʡ
ӣĴ۾˵㻹ûʡ
ʲôûŮʵ
ûҿԿ˵оһС
ӣ˵ͷ˵ִЩҲϣûִ顣
ַԭԵ˵Ұ㣬Ҳ޳ģʵǰһ죬뽫彻ҡǴɵЭ飬ʱӵ壬һȵʵʱԼһЩȻˣܾͬĻҲǿ㣬ȴ֧֡
ӣ۾ַ˵ִ磬ͨҶ˽⣬Ǵ˵еĺɫ֮ͽҪȻݵһҹͿռҵˣȻҪҵ壬ǲǵڵ֮ģԻĲأ
ַеȷģҲӣڶԼΪһиеܸжԼ뿪Ժӣպ˱ˣʱԼӰܳ೤ʱأ
Ժ˵ܵ˵Ӱ죬ڷ˳ǵ
Ȼַ㲻ӣģȴϣԺε飬ǰ֪ӣһ
ӣȻǿ󣬵ȴԺ󣬻ΪһŮǿߣԼȼĴڡ
ַżӣΪʵǰһҹԼΪӣеĵһˣԺʲô仯Ҳеĵһˡ
ӣҧűݣ¶һ˸УַҲæԼȫԽͳַ㡣
ַ˵⻰ȻǲӣЩ˸е˵ղһҲԶִҵİִ粻ţαصȵԺھͿӵң
ַ֮ԼӵӣһǳҪһҲЩϲӣҰҺ޵ŮֵȷĺַܲŻ顣
ַأȻںŮǲˣӣԸȥĵĻҲ˫ֻӭȴ֪ӣһȥġ
ԺӣƱػΪΪâԼΪһʱʹ죬δĳɳ
ַԵסӣС˵ڶģܱ֤һӶĸмǿԸıһеģϣף֮ҲΪ˻Ժپס
ӣַڻЩٵ˵ѵûб𣿡
ӣеʧ⣬ַ̲ס˵ȻҲϲ㡣
ӣһӱüɫ裬ҲۣĻϲסַĲӣż⣬ַĶͷһ˵ִ磬лл㣬۵˺ʱֻҪִϲң޺ˡ
ӣзĵĻâַӣ˵ҪԼһȥģվû˵仰
ӣԺΪȫ򶥼ǿߣδԺ磬ԼΣַ㲻һâŮԺУԼıӻ֮£һӵһСŮˡ
ַĿ䵽һƬߴĽϣһƬĽȺЩƻĹʹķ񣬲ȺıȴҪȻĵĹʹС˺ܶࡣ
ַ㵭˵ߣȥתת
Ļʹ
˵Ҫȥĵط
ȥʲô
˵һ֧ʣʣһɽݶȪ¸̨ôأ
ӣ¶˼Ϊ𺳵ı飬Ļʹǿĵط㱱ҰĴ󽫾ҲԶԶᲢۡ
һνɣ뾩УĵĴҲͣڻʹĹ㳡ϣһߴķ£ַȴҪȥĻʹ
ַҪȪ¸ʵıƽƽһ仰ģȻûַ㣬ڻʹĻеĻʹʿǿߣǹʦЩʷǰǿ߶һַ㡣
ַǿҲܽ·ǿȫɱĿһԵ˼
ӣȻ֪Լһȥַ㼫пڻʹ棬ַһȥĻҲ˵һغ
Ȼԥĵ˵ͷ
ʧȥΨһв£ʧȥַ㣬һˣȻַȥʤܣַ㣬һжԼҲϧ
ַӣɭϵڳǴǰһͷסַӣһ˴ȵʲôˣǻʹɲκ߾ߵĵطϽ˳ȥȻС
ַͷҲû̧бһУǵڸͷǰļָ֮࣬ĺ˳ȥԶһСնڵء
ͷĵ˵ϣֱȥ
ˣҪӲʹˣ
ӣãµַ㣬ôˡ
ʲôɱ˼ʮǿŰɱ˱Ұ󽫾Ķħ˻ʹ
һЩ˻ʹĴţһЩ첽ܽʹϢٵĸȪ¡
ַߵĺߵʹſǰʱ򣬻ʹĴѾȫرˡ
ӣЩʧַ֣ڻɱͷ֮ǰĻȫԸڻʹĴ֮ǰȥʱŵ˭Ҳס
ַȴŲæĳǰߣ⸱ģȻܿᣬ˺֮ܿ⣬ȴƺûôʳǴŽǰʱ򣬻ʳǵĴѾȫرˡ
ӣ֪ʳǵĴмĽ죬Ǵﵽ˰㣬ַȴֻ߰һ㡣
ַս̫ǿɱһǿߣںǰģǷڰ˰ĴţַٸսҲ޷ȴǰֳ
ӣЩʧ˵ִ磬Ҫǻȥɣȥſڿ
ãӲʹϢܿͻᴫʹƵĳţҲһĽ
ӣַһۣĵҲ֪ᾪʹʹŹرգȻˣղ㻹ƵĸʲôΪԼģز
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Ǹų浹ȥֽ֮Ŵӵڵϴŵ¶˳ѪӴűԵȾ˵ϵʯ
Щڴæ֮й˴ţڴź棬ʱһԼķӦ죬ǸħûзӦ֮ǰ㽫Źϡ
ЩΪԼʹȫ˵ͬʱȴһ춯صľ졣
ΪβƵĴͬһСɽЩ¶ֽ֮⣬ǵ򱻺ʵĴҳࡣ
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Ͻ֪ͨʹ׼һֻɱĶħ


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ַÿǰһʵλøһѪдͬǣӿ˲֮ɫ
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ȪӣˣַȻӣһЩֱӾܾȪµ顣
ַ㽫еıͻȻǰһ죬еĳȪµؿ͸ضȪµͷŲؿڵı¶һʹ֮ɫ֪һжˡ
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ӣĵ˵ͷַղŲȪǩǸռ˵Լȴ֮ĳŵƾһ㣬ֵκҲΪԼ彻ַ㣬һܳԿ顣
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ַȷЩ⣬˵챻Լһ̴࣬͸ˣȴƫƫû
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ԼƣɱԼ£ƫƫҪȵԼָ֮Լƽһսô޴ˣ
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ֻҪɱַ㣬ͿӨ֤ͽַܶǿ
ɱַ㣬һ̫͵Ϲ֪ˣҲ˵ʲôм֮ûʱ侮ʯҪַ
ԶȥıӰַ㳤һֻҪԼһʱָôQҲκβԼ
ӣɫ˵ִ磬ʦϵĵһǿߣ˵ɲ⣬ִսʱ򲻿ɴ⡭
ַЦЦ˵ɵõĻ᲻֣ȴƫƫҪȵ죬춯ֵĻҲһܣǶֵĻһ


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ӣֹڿڵִ磬ҽ㣬ǶµԼģ
ӣһ仰ַ˸ᡣ
ԼӣиԼ̹ŮЩ˼˵ǲ̫һЩܲսʤ컹˵׼һܳ죬ʵĵλ֮ԼǸһЩ𣿡
ӣңңͷ˵ִ֪ûбʤİգŻʦս֮ǰ彻㡭
ַӲԣʵΪʲô
ҲԼڣ˵ҵȷһԭ򡣡
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˫֮ûκνףȻϲԼԭĻȫԼ콻ս֮Լ
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ս֮ǰͨˣֵƣѾʹڵ˺ܴǽԼߵģ
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Ŀ䵽ӣϣӣˣȥȣ˺Ҳζˣ֪Ϊʲôı仯
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ЩŮУ͵ĻӣһӣȷƯһӵи߹ѪͳֻҪȢӣҪʣ͸˳ˣΪĻʺҳԱ֮һ
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ӣҲñȹȥŮζˣӣ֮ԻȻŮŮˡ
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ڹʦĸĪ⣬û˼ǵĹʦ֣֣õȴǻ˵ĽоʲôΪ֪ܣ
һʿŭ˵ʦôʹû˵Ľ
ѲɹʦҲǻ˲ɡ
ʲôʦǻˣѵǻĵԵס
ʦˣΪû˵Ľ㽫͸ף
Դ˵ɣȴûǣֻѸٳնַ㡣
ֻҪɱַ㣬һо´ˣй¶ǰǻ˵Ҳûʲôʲô˸ɱ˶Էǿ㳡һɱеˡ
Ŀǰɱȴַ㣬ȫ̳һ֮һóһȵĽֱַȥ


714  
ַŮǣķһǶַ㵣
ղһŷĽ̫ˣǷ·𿴵һɽ緢뽫ַճɻҽ
гıԣΪ޾־۳Ŀһ⣬ַؿڡ
ַŮǣǿ
жҲҪߵŮ˿ȴоһԼĻԼƵֵˣһ˲ҷ
ȻҲַİΣŵı۾ȴĬĬ˵硭֪ͣս޲ʤ
ӣɫҲò԰ȻַԻκˣַĶĹʦ֮԰ܹһǿߡ
ַһ˽֣ջʤϣڳ̳һ֮ӣиӼԭȵжϣַ˵޵Уϳ⡣
û˿ı仯ɫȻ꣬͸Ŵʣ˶͸ʲô
㳡ϵ׷׻˷ƵΪĻѹû˸ղű˴
ܴ˿̳õʲô˿̵Ķַ㣬еĶħַ㣬ֻҪɱַС
³һͣһջֻҪַܹ㣬ʲôַ㽻ֶԡ
СκһģսĹԴ
˳һսҲֻʤܰܣˣǾͻֵ³ֻҪַΪУǾͻֳ֧졣
ղŵһǿһ
һƣжʿȻǰѽԻģȴָ˹ͬĵַ㣬ǲΪ컶
ַҲ˵ͷֲóԼ֮ǰԵģԭѾȫĽ⡣
ڽϣַߵĸԶһйأŴﵽ˰˰
ͬڵַ㣬ȴֻ߰ʮ֮нĳɾͣҲģжǿ
ʵϣһζģĻԶܵõԽ
нĸ߶ȣڳĽ֮Լĸǳµĵط
Ⲣ˵ַͻ˳죬ޱһַеıҲͻȻ֣֮䣬ס˳ͬɽŷĽ⡣
ȵĽ⣬һ˲䱻ַһѹסˣҲ¶˲˼ı飬ԼѾѧľ裬ĻϣӵԼľ
ҲǣѾȫԿַ㣬죬ȴûпסַ㣬෴ַסˡ
ַϰ˶ΣľѾǿ޵Уһ޹Ҳû˿йʱִ̳˵ڶ
ڶƣԶԶǰһԽսԽ£㳡˵ĻҲеԽԽ
ַŮһĬַò׵ס˳һȴʹƸǿĵڶ
Ľַ㣬ͻȻЦַ㣬ˣһΣѾ㹻ˣЩֶҲװҵûпܵסһġ
ҿδء
˵仰ַеıٴλ䣬е룬Ͽʵ޻ȴסķ񹥻
ԼŵǣĵڶҲַ㵲סˣΪ˴̳һ˵ƣһĹȻַסˡ
쳷ٴγıûü̳ȥַеıȴѾն˹
ַ㶢ų죬˵ҶѵֹĴȥɣҳʱˣ㡭ˡ
˵仰ַеıΪһ⣬ֱն졣
ַһʵ޻ȴ˼㣬쵽˼㣬Ѹһ
еͫͻȻַʵ޻һȻղնǰΪԼѾֵĽ⣬ԼҲΪ
˿̣֪Ĳַ㣬ܿЦһֱһ˻ַ㣬ɴ֤ĵӱַǿ
ڣ֪ĵӲַ㣬ַڽϵѾԶԶ
ۡ
ľͻȻнԴҲԶԶ˳ȥ쾱Ѫˮ磬ַͻȻЦ죬һûԴ֪ܼܲȥ


715  Ů
ʦˣ
ַħʦ˶һɱˡ
ַһն˳Դʹ㳡ǰ˶סˡ
һֱʦһ޵еĴڣ죬ʹĪУκһһܿܵġ
ϧǣȻûκεַ㡣
ַһն˳ͷ­ѵǴ˵еĸǿߵ
ע⵽䵽ݴУͷ­ϵı飬Ȼһ֮ɫ·ַĽԼѾˡ

һռڣ֮԰Ĳͨˮ򣬹ۿַսọ̈̄ʼգ϶ƽı顣
ַնԴʱϵıȻƽ
ãŵ˵Ϊõӣȴ벻ַĵӣҵĽʹ˳뻯ԽԽϲˣҲϲˣ㡭

ӣͷڣֶ˼ӢʮֵӢˬ
ϴŵǽƳķۣ죬ʵӣһ죬ҲʷϲѰһ죬ʷϵһλŮʵˡ
ӣεʱеĸ߼Աˣڿӣʱǵȴǲм֮ɫŮλͣǾ̲һŮʡ
Ů˻һˣһŮʣֱǶг衣
һߵְԱվӣǰ棬߷߲ƽ˵ӣӣŮˣֲ࣬Ҵʣϣ;֪Ҫɴ
ӣַͻȻǰһ߷伫ְԱ
ߵؿڱַһ֮󣬹غ«˽ףؿͻȻһֲѪڵҲַһˡ
Ավ˳һ˺ȵԹ߶ˣӣһ˳㲻˷ѵΪû𣿡
ӣжʱ¶˲֪ı顣
ˣһĹĹԱһǾľ䣬ĸʵʱ򣬶˱ϹϾ
Ȫʵʱ򣬶һһ壬ȵĲˣȴӣǰһڣΧٹһӦ
ӣɫͻȻúܲ԰ףַ߱ղɱߣݵλǿ˲һ㣬ַɱǵĻֻ»ἤнԱķԣʱƱػȻҡ
ӣ֪Ŀַһۡ
ַ㲢ûж˵ʲôָУ̩һͷءĹ̫󣬵ȴַƤһɱˣַ˺СԱŭˡ
ַ㣬ɱ𾴵ĹԱǾ㣿
һϣͬھ
ӣӣǿ㳤ģȴĳ£бҲɱˣ
ʮ˷׷վ˳Ĺ٣ҲнǵȻͬЩ˶ͬŭĿ⿴ַ㣬·Ҫǰһҧַ㡣
ӣҧűݣִˣ⼸ʮһ֣ƱػӰԱһ𷴶Ѳַ㻹Ҫɱ˲ɣ˶ˣԼʵλãҲʲô¡
ַٴγ֣Ļɱ⼸ʮˣӣӴʼһ϶·ҲһѪ֮·
ַɱ⼸ʮԱ֮ûгӣУǧԱһƴ鷢
Ͼÿ˶ֻһڵĻԼģոˣ㲻ԼˣϻûȫˣַѪȣĹԱͷ˵
ַȻǰЩ£ǰӣ˵ӣĹ涨ʼλʱΪ˱ʾ˶Ӧö¹ɣ
ӣ˵ͷȷĴͳ˶ͬӣʣЩ˲ڷԣӣ˵ллصˣôأ
ַĿ⻷ʹĿ䵽ĸ˵ϣЩ˶ĵͷǵַͻȻǣױɱǡ
֮ǰɱ˼еǿߣɱ˳еʷǰǿߣɱȪ¡
ַȫǸ۲۵ķӣòϣû飬Щ˵Լŭַ㣬ַĿʱ򣬲Ųĵͷ
ַͻȻȵ£
˵϶¶˴󲻽ı飬ַٴδȵʼλʱЩģѵ¹Ƕҹ£
ڵĽǧԱң㣬һһԲǲ˵Ҳû˹£˭ȹ£ƱػΪѵĶ
Ͻǧûһ¹Լ¹Ȼ˾ַĻȴûһ¹
ҲţڣǧȫվŵĻַ㲻ɱˡ
еĹԱˣӣһʱ֮䣬ȥôңַ֪ӣ֮ĹϵУΪַ㲻Ǵɱ䡣
ַһ˦ʮļʮ˼ͬʱؿнŵѪС
ַ˵Ȼǲ¹ҾȫɱǣɱĿ꣬ӿ˿ʼҪֺݡ
ͨ
ͨ
ʮԱɱ֮ЩȥԱˣĳΪַһֵɱ¾Ŀ꣬һȥ
ҵȰݼʱ£ףʱǧһͳ¡
ǰĹԱһ£ֳ·Ӧ˲ǧ˱ȫڵأһǴӣƨ
ļ̲ס̾ϢַײУҲɱˣʷأӣλ죬ɱвĹԱĹ˻ʵۣⲻһҫ飬෴ӣ˵һΪ顣
ֻҪŽһģַвòһַ㣬ĹԱ
ϧǰ̰ӣַ¹򣬲ɴӦǵ¹ҲڳӣϷŮʡ
ļ̾Ϣһ֮ҲԥĹȥ
˶ˣǲĻƱػΪʸַ֮ķҲԥǡ
ӣߵ˻ƽǰֱ۸εıԵһᣬȵȥ
ĻˣӣҲ¶ŵı飬ԼԺΪʷϵһŮʡ

һܵİ棬ַһкϷ˷˳ǡ
ӣ뻪ǩµ캣ЭǷ캣ЭȻǻһռ˴ˣַҲһЩò
֮캣Ȼ󲿷ָ˻ģȻ˴캣ȴԼ̫ƽչַҪҲǲɽܡ
ַҲ֪ӣͬȪ³죬Ȩ֮һȫά֮䣬ʹ˫ƽ
ӣƯŮַ֪ԼһΪ˲飬ǾһŮǿߡ
ӣĵһŮǿߣһݻŮʣƬеŮ
һλ޵ŮȴԼµŮˣԼⱲţһɣ
ص˳ַ֮ͨƵڳǵСǵĺδ˺þá
ʱδѾҪˣѾʼѧˣܽϼְַ֣иеʮְο
СЩ˵ĸַ㣬ĸ׹ȥˣѾĳΪҵļΪ游Тʱȥ˳ǣַŽᡣ
ַԺڣɵԽԽ־㣬־һܲܻ죬Ѿһ漣ˡ
־ȥʱҲİɣҳΪ˳ңԼһλɫŮ뵽ַ㲻ɵԼ

һ£ַӵɽˮӵҲͦ
ֱһ죬ͻȻյ人ϣ֮ǵȣַϵ֪ͮϣ֮֮ܵǵвĿǰĴܲ
ַеЩ֣ԼͮĹϵܶ˶Ѿ֪ˣԼӣǰ֮ǣϣ֮ǣΪͮŶԡ
ͮҲԲǺǵ人ϣ֮ǻвϣ֮ǣͮľ֮ͨǾͮΪУҲδ人ϣ֮ǵĶ֡
ΪʲôͮԼϢأԼˣŽԼȥžۣ人ϣ֮޷˷ѡ
Ƶַ֮ͨôһ¡
ڽ˵֧£вһ֮ǲչԼܱһϣ֮밵֮ȫձ࣬ǸǽձĿ人ϣ֮ϡ
ַôһ£ԭ֮ǵõ˽˵İеǣԼ֮ͮĹϵв人ϣ֮ǡ
һĺڰЩֲĴڣ̫Ķǿ߶ѷɫ
֮ܳΪ֮﹫ϵĵһǿߣҲΪıнһӰӣ˵һý뻪ڲľ֮Уȴƫƫˡ
ַ֪ͮȻϴ鷳ԼȥĻԼλֻ֪»֮Σ
Σʱַ̣֪ͨͮܿͻȥ人ϣ֮ǡ


716  
人ϣ֮ǵľ˾УһµĴһ̫ʦϣ¶һİ֮ɫ
Գ찵֮ʹ人ϣ֮ǣҲΪʹͮϣ֮ǳܳϣ֮ǵĸı࣬Ϊ찵֮ǵһ֡
ϣ֮еľ˴īɫľװ֮ͬˣ·ԺɫΪҲӷϰ֮ǵݡ
ǰİ֮ǱǺڰĴɫϲɫ
ʹߵһ˵˾ôûǳ찵֮ǵ˿ûжٵԶֹĵȥֻҪ뿪Ļǵ人ϣ֮Ǿ뱻ձ඼ˡ
Գʹߵв人ϣ֮ǵһϽȴûзŭκʱ򣬷ŭҪʵܵġ
ĳǣڻв죬˳߲ļƣ֮ǲǹ˼ַͮĹϵֻ³ǵĴһƽ人ϣ֮ˡ
еϣ֮Ƕ̸еʸ人ϣ֮ϽһЦ˵Ѿ֪ͨ˾ˣ˾˵Ͼ͹ʹĵһ£
ǵʹȻΪ人ϣ֮ǵϽȴСһЦҲϽ˵ǵʵ̫ǿˡ
ںڰİ£һЩʵͬٶȱ
ܱ֮߰ϣ֮Ķǿߣڳǵǿǰ˫Ƚͬһʮ׳ӤĲ
ڼµʱ½ܱߵʮ֮ϣ֮ǣǽĿ人ϣ֮ϡ
а֮ϣ֮ǶձˣֻҪٽ人ϣ֮ǣĸأȫ˳ǵĿ֮С
ʱķ˳ǣϽϽϣ֮ǣĳǣЩϣ֮ǶϵĳᲢۡ
人ϣ֮Ҳյ˳ǵһֽҪ人ϣ֮ǽܳǵĸı࣬ԺҪǵһֳǣǲ´ΪƵǷźУһֱ׳˼
ԳǵͮȻ֮Աǣǳ࣬ǿޱȣӵмǿ츳人ϣ֮Ǹǻĸϣ֮ǡ
Ҫǣַͮ˳ǵ֧֣ȻЦһֽļĳǲһСˣ人ƽƽʸûУҪ˵人ǲˡ
人ϣ֮ǲԼǷŭˣеԼܵð
ɳϮ人ϣ֮ǵСϣ֮ǣͮɳӾԮЩ人ϣ֮µߡ
人ϣ֮ǵԮȴǵľӴܣ人һжϽɱ
֪ͮǼǣһʼʾҪձ人ϣ֮ǵʱͮ鵱һЦ
֪ǵȷǸֲȻĵ֪һ£ĺڰѾվ˳һߡ
ĺڰҲĩ֮ǰɥʬ
ЩɥʬĩɥʬΪαڰһĺڰҹͳߡ
ĳȻҲɥʬ࣬ǹȥϾɥʬĺڰﳶϹϵҲǺ顣
֮£ַͮȡ
ַˬĴӦʾܿͻ人ϣ֮ǡ
ǵʹ人ϣֻ֮֮ͮίߣȲӦԷʲôҲԷֻЩǵʹʱ䡣
õַ֧֣Ȼٽǵвϣڳʹߴ֮£ͮҲʹһ档
һ¹ճεͮʹ鲻ɵôһ£ͮǻвƯŮ
Σѩʾľһ
ֲóǵľ˾޸նԴŮжӣͮҲȷ˼˰ƯŮ
ʹ˶񣬲ǿֵסͮĶǵͮŮǰҲ޷վҲüΪ˾ʲôʱһ𸴣
ھܻظ㡣
ʹϲɵ¶͵ı飬Ϊͮͬ˽ܳǵĸı࣬üЦ˵˾ȻǸˡ
ֵۣͮʹ˵Ҵʲôϵ
˾Ѿͬ⽫人ϣ֮ǲ𣿡
ֻ˵һ𸴣ûͬ˵ɣ
ʹһŭɫʵ˾Ĵʲô˼
ҵ˼˵ҹ人ϣ֮ǣԺǳٸΪ人Ͻϣ֮ĻұĲǣ
ͮԼ人ϣ֮ǣʹɫһӱˣݺݵ˵˾뿴人ϣ֮Ѫɺӣ˱ɱĳˣ
Ҳ˵Ļ㽫⻰ת޸գǳǲ;֪ĻѪɺӵĻһ
ǵʹǱˣʵʹˣʮִˡ
ڵͮǰˣµһЩ飬Ŀͮ˵ˣһǷ˳ַ˾˵ʲô˾ŻͻȻǣұ˾˳ַȻǿȴδǽ˵Ķ֣ǵĳнһǿ人ַҲ㲻ʲô
ʹĻû˵꣬ͮͻȻһΪӲĿ˵
㣬˾ϣΪ֮
ȥ
ͮ˵ʹҲŭˣĳʢµһƣ͵һ֣һץͮźۡ
ǵͮҲһ˿ŭɫ漴һһȭ˳ʹؿڡ
ʹѾﵽ߰ʮ㣬ȻΪԼҲһǿߣȻûбܹͮӭһȭ
ڰͮһȭ֮󣬳ʹ˺ü˸ϡá
ͮûнг֣ҪȻ˻Ǳǵʹҡҡλδӵиһɬ
ںڰİ£ѾΪ߰ʮǿߣҲΪԼԼлս֮Ƶַ㣬Ҳܴƽַ֣֮⣬ȫԺɨһ
죬ȴͮһȭڵأ޷ܵǣֽ򵹵ĻһεεŮ
ȻҲ֪ͮһŮȻȻ벻ԼΪȻ޷ͮǰռһˡ
ͮ˵ȥ߳ˣٵôߵĻҾĲǹ
ǵʹĴӵǱ뿪ͮľ˾
뿪人ϣ֮ǵʱȻͷһۣԷģԼٻʱһӱֻԼ人ܵ裬ͮΪΪ۵ġ
ǵʹߺ󲻾ãһΪҼŮ˹ַͮѾ人ǳ⡣
̲ͮסһŸַϢ컹磬ַ˹ַȻˡ
ַͮˣݹã˸ϹͮǴĸеˣһĵЦҪȥӭһִҵˡ
ͮ人ϣ֮⣬ӭַĵ
֮ǰɬȣ˼ֳַͮҲЩԳ뽫Ѿͷ뻳´һ
ַߵŮУͮиԵһŮȻûĪƷƵ°뽭ŮеĽȴ̵ַӡ
人ϣ֮֮ܳΪвϣ֮ǣȻҲٲַ֧֣ҪԭͮԼŬ
ַͮǰҲ¶ñطϲãַֻһԣû˼ַ㻳ַ㼱Ҵҵ˵һˣӵһ
СҲ˷֮ɫͮ˽ãͮҲõĻָŮ֮һ
Ҳ֪ͮҵŮԶ人ϣ֮ǣȥ˳׷ַġ
ַ漴˳찵֮ôһ¡
ͮĽ£ף찵֮ǺܻԾĴԼϣ֮ǵľ˾޸ոһʮѲļһܶСϣ֮ǵĳ˵ϡ
ַ룬һУԼû˵и޸յǿߣҲûǵóǶһ֮ǡ
һǿˣֻ뽫һ˳Ϲϵ֪˺ܲ򵥡
ַ֪޸ϸʮϣ֮밵֮һ𷢱ǵĴѾ人ˡ
ַ룬Ŷͮ˵ȻˣҾ;Сýⳡ鷳£һҪ쵽찵֮ǵ˽һ飬ܾһô


717  ڰͨ
ַ˳ϣ໥һַ漴˵֣мҶܲ⣿
ֱԣˣҲ⣿
֣ǰ֮ϴ磬ȴԼԼСܣҶ̫ʧˡ
һüʵ˻
Ϊһ֣ǵ޸ղ̲ܱߵϣ֮ǣϴôģ
ַָʲôε˵Ȼǰǿİ֮ǣֱΪ䣬ֻǱ϶ѣĩҲԼԼԶôܵǡ˵ڵĳǲ̲˲ϣ֮ǣ˲ٰ֮ǣҲԼǡ
ַ㲻ͬ˵˵ǵΪѾŭҶǻصԹۡ
֣˼ǡ
֣˳Ŷһƽ
ϻȻˣһǳǴŮ˵⣬ˮԼ飬ƾʲôҪܣ
ַ㱻˵£˼˵ǵ޸־Сͳһ˻ĸأԺƱػ֣ʱ˻л·𣿡
˵޸ӣûֵڲңҲ֣飬Ҿǰ䣿
ַ̾һ˿̲ףһյļһϳͷԷ޸գϱƻڳһ²ؼ߸߹ģ
ַ̾һ˵֣͵Ƿһ飬һ人ǰһѣһ𽫳ǸĳǻûγĻسɴ󻼡
ּȻ˵ˣȻ⣬ϾͶ人
ԳǵͻȻ𣬳ҲһֱһУȻ֪Ʊػᶯҡڰͳελ
нĳɾͣȻ벻˽˵֧֣ڲҲֺܶɣֳֳ֧֧ǵìּʹǵĹϵô
ǰƵİ֮ǣǰڳǸո֮仹һϲСľ룬˫ûзֱĦ
ҲףǿԱһʱƽ֮ĴսҲձһֱϣ֮γԷ˳ǡϽΪԳϵһ֧ľ档
ڿٵУȻڰͨԣӵͬʱַ
˳Ǿ뻪ĸؾңԶǳ人ϣ֮ǵĻַҲԳǶ֣ǵ޸ռȻյַŮ˵ϣַҲ޷ˡ
ϾԼ֮䣬Ϊᰵ쵼Ȩ˿ַŴӦַ顣
ַԸԼ֣ȫɱڣնɱ
ȴ֪ĺڰＫǣԼ߰ʮ㣬Ȼ޷ڰ࿹ʮ˸еκһ˳ڳǵĻԼ鷳
ϳϣͲĵˣΪϵıҲкڰ֧֣ȫԵǱĺڰַˮԭڡ
ڶ죬人ٴηˡ
人ľûдӻս人ǵлֵָõ˰һǿ߳ϼ人ǵϢ
ȻǿȴҲδܳĹ˳ǣٰУ˵ǿİ֮ǣȻ˵ǡ
˳ǡȻȣǲһ˳ֵĻǱ㲻人ǵвճǻԼ䱯ߵ³ճ
ڼַ֮ͮк֮䲢İӰӳǣϾͼͮǶͷ
컪Щǿۣ֮һͨˣⳡƽļ棬ȴı仪Ժ
Ĵ۾ųϣ˵磬Ѿͻư˰ˣ
ϵͷ˵ҵõڰһλǰİ˽ĳɾ͡
ַѾ³λĺڰǿߣһǽһҪ
ͮһĽĿųϣ˶ǳ࣬ȣȻҪһЩʹǶԳǿΪ
Ŀַ˵֣һǶıǾһǸʰ޸յʱˣһôøɣ


718  ɱ
ַ㡢ͮǴеʱ򣬳ǵĴˡ
ǾǴ˵еĻսʤַ㣿
һǿ߳ôҲһˣ
ַͮ˹ϵǱٳ£ַȻ⣬˵ַѣַ˼Ȼ人ǣȻѳˡ
ǵĴΣ𣿡
ϵѽҲ̫ƵԼˣСַˣϴôῴۣΣҲЩǵ顭
˵Ķԣи߸Ӷţʵǲ¡
Ҳע⵽ַͮȣǵķâȴ˺ܶࡣ
һָͮıӰ˵ͮСѾͷȻĽεģȴҲһΪѲĽɫ˵ܶﶼϡ
ǸûȫɵСѾͷǣ˵СѾͷȥ˳Ůַ֮Ľɫ
벻ô໪ĵĴͬʱǵĴӪιЩæˣ
ϵܣ˵ǵĴӪлһλأλڿɱ˸ɲ⣬˫Ļַ㣬֮ǿҲδռĵˡ
ַ㣬һ˲ûЩʿǵֱۣǵоʶȥ
ַͷһڳǵľӪУڳеĽȻ󲨡
ȥϣ֮밵֮ǵľսУÿַĳ֣Ű֮ǵĲҰܣȥַǰһجΣϣ֮ǵľ˵ַһߡ
ǵĹɺܸӣмϣ֮ĽаǿߣЩԺηǶַĻη壬ַȥ̫˲顣
Ҳڰ۶꣬ȻչĹ죬ڳǵ޸գ˵ڿԳǡ
ͮҲǺǵĽɫַǰǵķͷ˹ȥַϵ˴ǵоУǵʿ뽫жЩ
һ·ϣַĿܱʿһɨЩʿϣ֮ǵʿа֮ǵʿȴһ
ϣ֮밵֮ǵ໥ںϣҲַϣ飬Ҳڼ໥֮ĳޡ
ϣ֮ǵ밵֮ǵߵһȺ֮ĳҲı䵭ⱾҲһ£ȴߵԼĶ棬㲻ַϣˡ
ַϽо֮󣬳ǵԶ˾ԴַϵĵԶӽӭĲˣϿ˭Ҳ˫ǵжԹϵ
ַ㰵Ըֲ̾˽зԴ˵ȷҷԴı¡
ַ㻹û˵ͮȿڵʷԴ˾人ϣ֮ǲûǳǣΪʲôҪ人ϣ֮ǣΪʲôֱٳ£
Դĵǵʵ人ϣ֮ҪǿĶ࣬ĩʵһǱǿȻҪˣʲôΪʲô
ͮһԴ˵⻰ԴͮˣͮһĻַϣڻĵĵλҲһʱ޶޸ȣʵҪһ㣬Ųòַӡ
ԴһЦ˵ʵʵһᡭ
ַͻȻڵȻᣬ͸Ͻ˷ǸϽ˱ԺͼĳŵҪȻ˫˺ұ֧޻ء
ԴɫòȻַ˵Ļֱӣǵ˲˱޻أַ⻰˵ĹԵ˵ַ㣬ʹ÷Դ˵⻰Ȼ
ԴȻ˱人֮ǰ޸ѾԤϵֻҪǶ人һַ֣Ȼ£ַͮŮˣҲʲôܡ
зԴϲǣҲ人ǣͮ˵ĹϵȻǰ˸ӶţҪ˵޸նûϵϻ人ǡ
˳ַѵĴ˵˵һֱڣȴһֱû֤ʵ¡
ѾȷϣԭϵȷַмĹϵȥַͬˮٺ˹ϵתҲйһЩ򵥵ĺ
ڰϣ֮֮ìأ˾Ϊַò룬ǵĹϵǿȥ
Ȼ˵ַпѣ˶Ϊ˵ܻƣһɽݶַڸԵۣǾΪѡ
죬һ˳ǾӵĴӪУڵĹϵ֮ڣзԴЩ޴롣
人ǣ˳ǴǿߣĺڰǿУԸַ£Ҳа취סַ㡣
ϵĵȴǵȫƻһַ㣬ǵǻһս人Ƿټϳϣ˭Ͳ˵⻰ˡ
ԴҲַ֪һţĳĻصǣ޸һ
ӪĲٽ챻ڰǿ֮ѾǽղͬҪǣǵľӪĺڰǿУ͸ûеַˡ
Դװģ˵սҼ٣Ŵ㽫ľеϵһֻҪȥγһͳһĹңʱľڱҲûսˣҳǴ人£ǷսʵȴԶ˸ϵ֮ĵ֮
ԴЩҲһûУĸϣ֮֮䣬֮֮䣬ϣ֮밵֮֮սҲϣҪһԭǻľϵ̫ࡣ
ΪԼ棬ҲΪ໥ʳչѪȵɱеϵͳһľڵ໥ɱˡ
ַҲΪԺĵƱػһͳ޸ȴܹĴһͳ˲ţ಻ԼеĩжһЩ̰ˡ
ۻģҲʶ֮ʿ
ַ㣬ǳϣǵ޸֮ϣֵַĻҪһͳģҲ
һͳףҪ˾ˣΣԸϵ֮ɱʳΣ
ǿϣ֮ǣ½عΪʳŻĴ½ıԽԽ٣޵ҲԽԽңʳΣһӾ硣
ַ˳ˣѾܲˣͳһ˻ģ˵ĳԺ˯ҪַģҪҵʳˣҲһ¡
Ҳһ㣬Ȼǰİ֮ǣȻϸǵ˿֮ǵҪҲ
֮Ҳǵǵ̫࣬ĹǵʳﴢʳΣ޷£㽫Ĵ½ͳһҲʲôǵ顣
෴໥ɱܴϱ֤˿ʹЩǿ߲Ҵ޸ȻûЩ⣬żһͳģʵߵҲһ·
Ҳ޸ԼûʳΣֶֻԼʹܱǿռݸƣԵײϡ
ַ㳰˵ԭ޸ĵңֶû£ѵ޸ΪǸʸ𣿡
ԴʱȻչ죬Ͼӱ˳ǣĳᲢۣ볤ǵĵҲ磬Ψһƣǵõǿߵ֧֣޸ղе¡
ַûԴĿɿڴǼ˵Ҹʱ䣬ǵĴˣ
Ҫ˵ʱ䣬һʱ䣬ԴʮҲԶ人ǣȴ֪ԼˣҪȻ޸վĲ
ַ㶥죬ȱ
ڷԴΪ֮ʣԴһϽ˵˶˵սַȴΪǲԴްˣҲǹȥˡ
ַ㿴Ͻһۣ˵ﵽ˰˰㣬ͮҪǿһ㣬ƫƫֲǳࡣ
˵һİǿģǿ߽˰˰㣬Żеַ㣬ķ˵
ַĿһ˵˵⻰ĪƲǣ
˭ǿ󣬱һ²֪
ǽһ£
Ա˰λȣҲ·ɣ
ַ˵ͷԳ˵˸Ʋֵܣ
˵Ǿɱ˰ɣ
˵⻰ĿΪ·ǰڰ˰ǿߣֻһèһһ־ͿԷϽˡ
ַ㲢ûɫϽǿĶԳ˵룿
룿
ַ໥Ͳסˣֱǰ˵ǿȥģ֪ʲôʱ򣬾нѵѵˣ
ǰַ໥ˣҲûз֡
ˣΪԼ֮Ӧַ࣬ȴû뵽ַϸͽ
һСѾͷҲսϣϽ˵ȻСѾͷ֪Ҿɱ㣬ɱַϣ


719  
ַϲûϽ˵ĺݻĩ˵ݻ˭ᣬҪĩ㣬Ļʵ
ǰϽʵȻףַȴȻСҲս˵ˣ˾òһ硣
ȻһɰЦȻɱңΪʲôأѵ˵ݻҾͻǰɣ
һԵЦؾģûаջСã˵ݻСãСҪСˣҪһ仰
ϽҲǰ˰ڳǣұǿУֽ˺ü֮Ŀˣγǰ˾ԴҪ˵ˡ
ַϳֵĻҲӶԷһ㣬ֵʹĶƲ۾󣬿ҪСŮ
ղַϷҲˣϽŭɶһ˵ȻСѾͷ͸ȥɣ
˵⻰Ͻ廯Ϊһ磬ֱȥͬʱľ޴ȭͷϽѸ٣ͮ˰˰ǿߣ˺öԸġ
ͮİΣģַɫеףһҲ
Ͻ˹ʮֺˣһܣ˶ϽһȭϽһ֮󣬱һٴ
䣬Ѿ˫Ĳ࣬ԷȻǿ˵սȴһأɴ˿ɼЩһ֮¿ԼҲ޷ʹսõͬߣ˵ǿҲ˵˾Ǿǿˡ
гһ⣬ΪһıٵնϽľ
ͻȻϽóһѱеıն˹ȥϽǸ¶һ˿ЦԸԼϳԷӲӲĻһ˽˶Է
Ͻγ֣˺üһĽ˷ܵĴ·ͬĻʤѾΪ˶֡
ַɫƽĿǰһУ˫֮㲻ϺˣַȴΪĴġ
֮ҪˣΪԷʵҲҪϽ£ͣĺˣҲһֺս
ǿսֻҪ˳ֵĹ֮˱ذɣַϵʮǲŲΪġ
Ͻ˫һ⣬ıûѸٳأһ̹ȥ
Ͻֱ۱飬˵ʲôҲ벻ƽεεһСŮı˫Ӵֱ֮۾Ȼʧȥ֪
ϽһĹеıͻȻֱ̳Ӵ̴Ͻ壬ջر֮Ͻʬ˵ϣʹ䡣
һĽһ˵ˣǵͬ飬Ѿˣڼ棬ȴУǵͬǿȴƬ֮˴ǵͬ飬ǰһ̫ˡ
ճһĽǰԤƣϽʰַϣҪԷȴҲ׾٣۾СŮϣҪ̫ҡ
ǵͬȴ׾ٵϣʤ֮ڳһΪʵ˭ֻɱǣ
СѾͷֵܵҪɱ㡣
һղŵϽ˽Ľվ˳ֱȥ
ֻһַѾ˵սҪȸղȥϽҪǿһأ˵ȥ˿սȴй֮˿ɱɱĸղǸǿˡ
벻л˼ǿߣֲó֪ԼͮĹϵȻҶ人ϣ֮ǳ֣֣˽ֵĻȻڰܸҪʰˣҲҪѺܴ
ַһŵǰ
ַ㴳˹ϽвɵһսͲڰǿһ֮󣬸绢ַ뽭ԼҲȶԷ
ַϾǴ˵еڹȥܳһʱַֻ㣬ǿߣַͻȻվ˳Ȼһ˿־塣
Ͻ뵽ԼˣŶ񣬶ַȵôҪһ𣿡
ַ¶һ˿Ц˵ƾĻɫҲ֣
ûһ߷߲ƽǻͷ˵Ϣһ£ˣ
˵ͷղӲϽһҲ÷ֱۣڻûлָսȻԶȥϽȴҪĶ࣬Ӳһ֮Żеʹޱȡ
ҲϽȸղȥϽսҪǿҪʰ¶ԷҲ࣬ȻַҪ鷳Ȼܾ˵ͷɵ˵һԡ
Ͻŭ˵ɱ˻ߣ
ַƽ˵ֻҪɱң߲𣿡
ϽһҲǣֻҪַʰˣܵȥбһ˵ַ㣬ɣ
ַ㲢ʵʵ˵Ըˣҳ
ַ㱾˵һʵȴһĶһַָȻڲ֮ǰǻַ㣬Ķǿη֮ģڣȴ˴ԵŲٶԹȥЩƶ˵ﱣ־η֮ģ뽫Щƶ˵˴䳾
ַ㣬Լֲĺݣ
Ͻһնַ㣬иģʵϣҲ޸ڶԸַѡ֮һ޸ڷ֮ǰַ֪ܿܳ人ڣַǲ᲻Ů˵ģַĵǰź˿ַ㡣
ϽҲţԼ˰ǿѧôãӮַ㣬Ҳַһƽַ֣ԵУȴã˵мãΪŵԼȥһַȻſԼᣬҲʱˡ
뵽Լһնɱַ㣬ԺԼǻĵսиӸˣбնٶȸˣƺƬ
ϽһûнַնΪϣַʧǰϽͻȻ亹ֱղžȻûпַʧǰ

Ͻ˵ëҲŵõղŵ뵽һ£ַҪ͵ϮĻѾˡ
Ͻûлͷ֪ԼڻͷĻֻѾַĶ֣һеıݺݳն˹ȥڳ֮Żͷعͷֲַ֮Ӱ
һΪʲôĶ
սеϽ⻰ʱң˿̲֪ԼַĲжʱֻʤһ棬ȴȫ
ַҪɱĻѾˣĩлڣȻҲǴˣϽűͻȻһɣǰĩı˵ϣһ졣
Ͻٴκͷַ;վûмʧ١
Ͻַһ˵лս顣
ַ˵ͷ˵Ҳ֪Ȥ֪Լˣʹַ˵ǴõŵµǣڷֲԼ֮󣬲ûдвܣҲûֹļӶƽĽһУ⵹Ǹʶʱˡ
ʧܵϽԴǰɫվ֣ԴڰԾַͬʱҲԽˬϽԳǿ˾Ҳַ³˴Դз¶ֻı顣
Դϵ⸱飬ϽԵøˣзĻֻҸطȥ
ԴҲЩΪѣѾĻԼ¾ûһַĶ֣ǰǿ߳֡
ԴҲ֪˰ǿߣǰǿԸ֣ߵļϽʹһɫ
ϽһվһΧסַ㣬һ˵ֵܽͻĵսˣ
Ҳ޸ͶµļƻղϽ޷ƷַĻڰ˰ϽһֶԸַ㡣
人ϣ֮ڣ޸ռɵģַֻһ˶ѡ
Ȼ˺սԸַЩ۸ˣʤҪģֻҪǵɱַ㣬º˵ڹƽսɱַ㡣
ɣȫˣҲ˵ʲô
޸ΨһûϵǳҲ人ϣ֮ǣַһֵĻԴҪ˺սסַҲ
ԴҲ֪ǰļȶƻԸַ㣬һЩ⣬ȴ벻õİ취Ű޸ǰµķԸַ㣬ȴĻ⡣
ȻǶϽҪΧַ֮󣬳վ˵ĳͻȻҲЩȻҶ棬Ҳոְɣ
Ͽ˵ȻǶַĶֵ֣ĻַܲʰЩ˻˵žַһ֡
벻Լľ˳ϼսţֵĻֻ°ǿֶ߳ƲסǣԴԴһӴˣ֪һôźã


720  ˵
ַ˰˵⼸սʲôģ
Һİæȴ˵⻰ǲʶģҪҰæˣһ˱˲ȳһ繷ʺʱ򣬱˵Ҳϰ㣿
ַ㲻ԼĺģҲֵɣΪѣԼѾˣ͹ֲԼˡ
Ҳɻ˰ǿ߼ǺӦģַȴûнǷѵַĿƾһ֮ǿ
ַװǻƣǸ£ǸµĻǲԼľֱһξأַһҲ̫̬ˣԼô׷ϣ׷ĽŲ
˵ļһһͨ࣬ȴԽеĳ࣬Ĵڣôأ
ַܾ˳ϵİԴϵıŷΪַܾϵİæаնԸǵϽַĨӡ
иǳЦַҪӻȹͷȻҪάԼսһҪҲˡ
ֻҪַһƾһϣҲβʲô򣬷Դµľǳַ֣ļһһ֣Ƭ֮ܽǵĴӪϡá
ַ㲢ûŽзԴŵһķ
ͮҲ벻ַΪʲôܾ˳ϵİҲϽֵĻһѶԸ
Ǹַվãַ㲻гϰæǲ˼ΪάԼսʤͷַҲظˣ벻ףַΪʲôѵ֪Ͻܲ
ʵַûӣֻһԣԼܲƾһ֮սԼǿߡ
ǿܹвַѾԽԽˣվȫ۷壬Ȼû˹ȥѹַҲеԼٶ˺ܶ࣬ԣһսǵϽ
ϽΧ˹ַȻһĵı飬һĽǣ˸߲ңҲַƾһ֮ôǿߣҲ죬ǽ֤ս䡣
Ͻĸ˼ƻַ㣬ȴûһȳ֣Ҳ֪˭ȳ֣ΣվԽ
ȥҲǰ취ַһͲסһַĺһȭ˹ȥַһ˵ȭͷַ´˹ȥַĺͻȻɨһϽԴһ
ϽһƺߣҲ˵ϣΧ۵˴۾һ棬һ˰Ͻŵڵء
ΪַкãͮҲ¶һ˿ϲɫԼһˣиһ˿ܰ
ɱ
Ͻɷһַ㣬λζ֮䣬ַ֮䲻ϴ壬һϽַһȭǣʹ಻ĵ˵ϡ
ʣµϽŭǷƵַ㣬֮䣬ҲȺַڵء
аַ˹Ȼ̬Ȼƾһ˵ǿߣϽȻսȴҪַһأŻڲʮӵʱȺ󵹵ء
ǵĽǸĿɿڴʱΪԼǿˣԽĳЩ˵ڽˣ죬ǲףȻ޷봫˵еᲢۡ
Щ˵ߵ죬һһͨ飬в˼鶼ЩˣЩҲͳеķˣ˴˵
ַȻǴ˵Ȼ󲻵顣
ԴҲɵۣóַѾ飬һɱеһϽ֮⣬Ȼ򵹣ȴûܵ˺
˶ַ֪һ˵ˣַûжնɱǵ˾͸֪ѶˣԴҲ֪ԼԵľѣ֪ȴܶˡ
˱޸һĲҪĻȱģ˫սֻҪַһ֣ǴƱӴܶ³
ٵľǽҲǣҲǣַһ·Ͼ˵Դ˾ǲǿԴľ뿪人ˣ
ԴЩ֪˵ʲôãԵЩϽһҲͷɥԴ̾һַȥռ˱ˣᶪ˵ۻȥ֮޸ԼԼҲˡ
Դ˵ͻȻһ硣
˶оϱΧһһ£һͷĸ߸˲֪ʱѾվ˴С
˵ĳϴ£ס٣˭Ҳʵݣ˴ͷ˫͸ǰĻζĳĵ⣬Ŷַ˵ǻսַɣ


721  ˾
ַ˵ͷ˵ÿһ˶ʶҡ
˼Ŀ˵ǿ󣿡
ҲΪġ
ŷ˾̫Զ
˵˾ַ¶صı飬һĩڣȫʮ󳬼սʿڷ˾ǿǰҲû˿Ļ֮
һۡϹַǿˣЩȻǿŷ˾ľҲʮֽȻûдﵽ˾
ЩԪռ䣬нǧǴҲﲻ˾һַ㣬ȻеĴ˵˾ǿߣȴеĴ˵
˾ǿߣϲֱΪˣһַĩɱʮ꣬˵˾Ȼһ˵Ĵڡ
Ϲе·Ͽ˵ߵķǳԶȻûдﵽ˾ս֮ǰҲδܹﵽ˾ı˰ߡ
Ƿǳпܴﵽ˾ǿߣ䣬ʹһгΪܡ
˾۷壬۷ǿȡõ߳ɾͣ˾ǿߣѾͬڴ˵еĲɣһַ֪ķ˾ǿֻһǾǰͳ߽ȴûмֻ˵Ĵ˵ѡ
ƴнĴ˵δԪнĴ˵Ĵ˵ƺԽʱռ䣬޴ڣʬ֮Ľһλ˾ǿߣַһأҲ޷˾ǿᲢۡ
ͻȻַ˷˾ַĳ־ͷ˵˾ǿ߻кԶľ룬Ҳһӣﲻ˷˾ı˰ϧǣҲǷ˾ǿߣ
³ͻȻ֮˶˵ˣǱϵϢסˣַҲ䣬ǱϢ
ǰĳϷϢ䣬ԶȰ֮ǵϵϢ䣬Ȼ̧ͷһͷϣҲûܿģ
ҹ˵ĻǿһۣҲܱ˵ģ˸һ˰ӡ
ûĺڰǿߣˣҲĽʬĩά߷֮ɥʬ
˷ĿֲϢǰһ󵨵ҲҴһڣƺԼĶһ㣬˵⣬һҧ˺ǰˣĽʬɥʬ
ַĻ˵ͷ˵ҵȷǷ˾ǿߣںڰһУ˾ǿҲ֮٣˾ľҿɵɱ㣿
ַɲΪɱҲΪԷɱ
ַκһ˸䰮Լκ˵Ҫɱˣ߶ɱĵˣԥɱ˶Է
ǰˣȶɱģ˵ɱַ㵱Ȼϲˣ˵׼ȷһ㣬ܷǰˣлᣬŹԷ
ַЦ˵˵⻰ˣûһǧҲа˰٣˵⻰˶ˣû˿вң
ǲһӦ֪һ㣬ַ㣬ɱɣҶ֣
ַ㳰˵ǲҲԶ˵⻰
˵Ŀ˵Ǿܾɱˣ
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ԴڣеĽ۾벻һ˶ַĶַ֣һȭؿڡ
еĽǾ̾Ϣַһȭ̫ˣֵٶȸԶԶղϽʱٶȡ
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뵽һԵĳϣɱַ㣬Ҳɱ˳ϣ˫ֲûܾˣԴ̾һ˵ھͿ˱
Դ˾ܱ֤ܲԺٳв人ǣ
սˣҾһλӢۣŶʵʵ˵ΪҵĳŵҲǳǵ˾˳˵ֻ˵ڿԴ˳سǣ飬ҲҶκα֤
ַ˵ͷԴȻԲһ㣬仰ƭԼҵ޸գԴӦԺǲ人ΪѣֻҲ㲻
ַͻȻ˵͸޸գҾͻȥһˣ׽人֮ľס
жһǿߣбַ㽣µǿǿҲַһȥǿҲɡ
ַûжĲնɱԴѾַһЩøУȰַ˵ǵǿ󣬾Գս˵󣬻ս˼У
ֻҵĻ޸վˡ
á
ԴĴȥͮȴ֪ⲻսĽһսĿʼֻҪǵ޸ղ人ǵв㲻
ַͮ˵ִ磬Ƿȥ𣿡
ַͷ˵ڰȻǣվǻģ֮ҲڱС


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޸ñı鿴ǰʮŮ
ЩŮСֻʮ꣬Ҳֻʮ˾꣬ЩŮķģͬȴһͬ㣬ǾǸüĿʮƯҲΪۡ
վ޸ǰһң֪Լյ³ʲô
޸ĵ˵ͷЩŮǴӣҲֻдӵѪģʳζָһʮŮѡһ˵ҵķȥ
ͬӥץСһŮӴ˳ȥŮûҲ¶ı顣
֪ԼߣٵһʲôˣȻɥʬ࣬޸ȴȻųѪϰߡ
޸֮ԱϰߣԸʹȻΪһħ
ǰĽӴ˼ڰǿߣ˫ǴһЭ飬ÿṩЩڰǿһѪ޸յΪر
ʱ޸յѸǿԵ͵ĵ˲ź֪Ĵڣֱͻ˾Ű㣬ĿǰĵУ޸ոǴﵽĳָ߷壬ǿܣͻȻøߵ
ȣǿǿַ߱ϣȴ޸Եѷɫˡ
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ΪչԼ޸½ܱ߼ʮУͳһձ࣬ǵĳ棬ϣ֮ǣҲа֮ǣڵһļƻɹʵʩ֮Ŀֶ人ϣ֮ϡ
Ҳ֪人ϣ֮ǵıַӰӣȻɳµľ人ǣɳĽУﵽ˰ǿ߾߰˸֮࣬УжרΪӦַ˳ǿ߲ɳȥġ
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ȻַҪһս人ɱַ㣬ѲǿߣַϣΪҪԸӦַ㣬ַ˺ܸߵݲñֻҪдڣѴչȭš
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ٹɵ˵Դ˾ջ巢ʲô飬Ҳ֪飬òƷԴ˾εս̫롭
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Դû˵֣޸ȴ֪Դָ˭Դ֮˵ҲΪʾԼǰ²һַ͸ˣ֣ɱڰǿҲ֮С
޸Ȼ̲סʧеʲôǾȻɱǸˣ
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⻰޸յϷ¶һ˿΢ЦַֻҪǾͺãȥ人ǣһǿߣַϲĻԼû취Щǿַ߽Ͻڻǣ⵱Ȼˣ
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һͷβУһȴɱ˳βԺȡ飬ʱˣ
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ϴʥҩڶһ˿ȴòҪȻ㲻ЩʬĶ֡
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ַɫüΪ԰ףûȡһһ㱻ķ֮ˣȻ䣬ƺͷβ
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ַΪ޸һˣһʮҾſգ̣ǣǳʳĵطȱȽǡ
ŵһ㣬ԼûԶˣȥҪʱַסݸһ⡣
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аɻֻŵղƮ㣬ʲôֲַȴһҧЩ⣬ֲķֱַȻ˵Ļһ֤ݣַĿ࿴
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ĩдˣζʮУһĩһ㣬ʱ˵ԶԶһĩڵᲢۡ
ַ֮Զ϶Щ⣬ΪƮû˿ʣЩ޵леĹζЩ޵еζ
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ַ˹ȥһŰӵĴĭɵս
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ĵ˵һ㲻ɣ˵⡣
Сҵ⸬ее⣬ǶľֱӹӦ⣬˵⻰ǻңǻɳľӣ⻰үĻץŹأ
ΪʲôҾͲܻɳľӣ
ΧĲЦǵľӰз⣬Ѿʲôܡ
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ͨҲ֪ӿƵЩ⸬ʲôֻǲ˵ˣڼǰʲô˶棬ƫƫһˣΧ۵˲Ŷ̲סЦˡ
о治ֱӽ⸬棬ĴŭСѾͷôˣҪʲô
û˵ʲôһֻץס˸ֹıԵһٽĴһ˴ϡ
һðžֵĽеˣҪ⸬ˣСѾͷߣүϾ͹ץ޷СѾͷ


724  һѪ
ַ㿴һۣ˵߰ɡ
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Щʱокܶ಻ƽĸԴоĹϡ
Ҳ֪Լ⸬ȴи⸬ڣһ⸬һ⸬Ҳα겻α
ߣһСվĽǰݺݵ˵СѾͷҵ⸬ﵷңҰҵһ⣬һ֮˱˵飿
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ϵȻ͵¥֮ǰѾһ¥סϢҵŮסķ䣬ЩҲȷţȫɱŮ
ϽСӵŮӦ߰ң֮еκһˣ߰㵥ĻҲŮҪ˵ֶԸŮһˡ


ҵ꺭ͻȻоһɿֲϢıƽ˼ȻҴʰİգԼһΣҪ͵ˡ
꺭ǰ͵ƿţе䵶˹ȥԷƴֶϵıЩ죬Ͻһԡ
꺭˿֮нεľ٣ֱͦͦĵ˹ˤУڴϵЩһǾ˺
꺭濴ȥſ棬н壬һĪĹˡ
ƽֱ꺭оЩнݵľ٣ҪڴΧǿһȼнֻеκһ˶в
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꺭ڴͻȻ۶ϵ䵶µˣ뵽ǰɱнóһ󵨵Ʋ⣬Լˣס͵С
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ǳǵĶ֣սʱռˣǰе޸˾Ϊ㽫޸ո֮ٴƳǡ
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ϽȻɵ˵Ŵ粻жϴ͵סһŮŮðǳǵϣҲ˾Ҫɱˣұ벻ϴĽץߣɳֵȫ˿͵
˽ӿڵµЩڿ͵УŮ޹أǲŻģ뿪ɣҲϣɧҵĿˡ
۴ҪʲôҶܾȴ˾ǰ£ץǸŮ޷˾ǰ
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Ͻ˵籣أСȥˡ


729  ƻС
꺭˺ܾãҲûеȵʿٴɱ෴ϵļǧٱڻȥ
ȥʿ꺭һ
ֱ˿̣Ȼ벻ЩʿΪʲôˣѾ¥ϣԼŹҲ֧УҲ˵ǵľѾ֪Լʲô
ֻҪԼ뿪ǵĻ޸մ鷳ǵľûκεŹԼġ
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꺭һɵı飬һЦ˵λ㣬ҵĴҶ˵òҪ뿪͵꣬˺ܾ¿͵ˣһ͵ĻһᱻЩסġ
ľһйİűޣЦ֮ԲԲСǸˣͬŮˣ꺭ȻһǰСԲһĳ嶯
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ʵûиŮַ֣ҲΪַһܡ
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꺭һԵڵأȻ˵ԼεεģòԼҪεεİɣСŮӦûʮ꣬ô˵һģ
꺭ݣе䵶ûɱ˼ֻò
ȴһҲ꺭Ҳŭ˿ѾȷСŮһǾסԼˣٶȲɵüӿࡣ
䵶Ҫնϵʱһ̧֣һָһƾ꺭꺭е䵶Ҳסֶ
꺭и¶𾪵ı飬벻СŮһ־͵䵶ȻûпԷγ֡
ǰ䵶Ҫ䵽ʱһֻŮͻȻס˵һдԵҽ֪ͨλӲҪ뿪Ѿͷ۸˼ˣ
˵λõȣѲһɣ
꺭˵˿ȥһűŮ˻ҪƯ˳£ָεиղŷɳ䵶
꺭ͻȻǺ벻ϻƯˣƯʲôˣδʲôˣô


730  ˵
ַ΢΢һЦϹŲõЦݡ
Цݣʹ꺭ƺоԼصĩ֮ǰصǸ鶿껪иһԼǵһʱеܰо
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ڣȴ¶˲õ΢Цַ˿̵Цݺ⡣
ַĶ׳̶ȣھʱļڳʱ򣬱˵ĵϼᣬЩȥĶָ˭̵ɱǣ˸߲ҵĳЩ
̾ô޳ֵܵز仰˵޳ֵܵزҲǴﵽĳ۷徳磬˲Ҫ޵УҲַһֱ޵еԭɣ
漴ַ㵹ת䵶ݵ꺭ǰϵ΢ЦӲãա
һ˫ܰ۾ע֮£꺭ߺ޴Ľ䵶ӵԼϣ֪˿Ǹ뿪Ǹ
һ˧˽ģ˯˵ҹôã˯˯ˣ
꺭һоҹԼϵ˸ʮֹ죬СŮͲһ̧֣ܵе䵶ȴûпԷ֡
Լ߰ǿѽСŮǰΪʲôԵ˴
ڶƯˣȻûмԷ֣ȴȻоƯ˱СŮҪֲ
˧ˣȻûַÿҲַܰҲǼΪ۵˧磬ԼķȻʹ˸оЩ졣
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мĿĳһۣղŴܵʱڷװ˯ŮɵϷżææ˳ԭҲɫһ
ϻŮָ꺭е䵶˵ѵͺܲ
ϱƽԼ꺭еĽŸоǰ˼ΣգϿе䵶˵
Ļû˵꣬бͻȻһᣬе䵶ͻȻ֣ת˧УʼգҲûпǸ֣䵶ߵġ
꺭ͻȻ¶һ˿־֮ɫǵĽսʱ򣬶û˵Ŀ־һ֣㵯еս΢΢һ֣㽫е䵶˹ȥ̣ûһ㻹ֵ
ҪɱĻֻɶԷ׸ƯȻû֣һֱסԼ䵶֪˱Ҳѷɫ
꺭ᣬǾˣǾѵĻԼ³ͲˣԼǰûһ㻹֮˿Լʧȥ䵶ҪɱҲˡ
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뵽ԼЩ˽޸ջԵ꺭ǾǷŭ
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漴ֽϻΪǶԷ⣬ΪԷԳǿ̫࣬Žǰѵġ
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꺭޵滨꣬ܵίԼȥĽǣиԹޣ̧ͷǰ˵֪ǶǶƶ˵ĴѵǾϷˣһͨͨСŮ˼Ϸˣң˵Ҳһ˼飬ȴһ̵ܲ飬˭˲ڽϷˣһôʹ飬Һǡ
ŮĻַȫ⣬һǶǿ󣬹ȥҲЩǿܶϷˣرŮʱ顣
õİַһۣĵԼŮַأϵڳ֣λŮ
˸һֱװɵֱƽ˾˲ųԼɲַѪղŵ飬Լȫ޹ġ
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ȷ㲻ǳǵˡ
ַһֱڹ۲ŮûŮҳκȷţŮ޹ģһһλʼվǡ
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꺭ʵʲôˣΪʲôֵȥƭǣ
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ַȤʵУ˭ʸԷ޸գ
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ųգգۣʾŮеӡһŭݣΪַԼһ˽Ůַ㿴ߣȴⱾͺܲƽ
ַ˵ͷ¶һ֮ģϰ޳ܡ
꺭˵ĵ죬Ͻ޷񣬶ҲҪַϲһ㡣
ȵ꺭˵ˣַŴݵ˵˵Ǹȷǿ԰ˡ
꺭¶ϲɫû뵽ǰַϣӡУַֻܳڴ˵Уǲʵֵġ
ǰ˼Ȼ˵Ļһʶַ㣬ʶϣֻҪԼͨǣϵַϡ
꺭һʵʼλմ
ַɫƽ˵Ҿ˵ĵһַ㣬λû˧ͷСһˣ˵ֻܱĳϣλҵս˳ǵ˽ΪŮǴˣ˵٣ȻҲҵĺֵܣֻҪһٻͻϹԸһСС޸գòƲټôˡ
Ϻ޲ǰַһȭַ˵ԷҲͰˣȻ˵Է˧漴뵽ַǽ˧һˣȴһŮ˵ַ㲻һвУŮŮĹˡ
һ룬еˡ
꺭ֹòŵ۹⿴ǰˣ·ڿһĴ˵


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Ů˵еַҲǷ³һģԼôû뵽һأҲ벻ǰַ㣬ַ˾͸ø߸ϣҲͨŮ
꺭ɵ˵սַ㣿
һԽӿ˵ǸҪַ㣬˵λֻܱĳϡ
꺭ʱ¶һ˼ģԼղЩǰ٩٩̸ǽ˵ֻܱµµΪˡ
ʵϵȻˣܳΪһǿߣ˵á
һЩͨ˵ĳλ߹ٵʱȻ˵߹ٸ߹ȫУʵȥĻȴûЩ߹ĸá
꺭ղҲǿ̸֪վԼǰĳϵĻҲ˵ղЩ񣬴˵еַ㣬ͨһվǰȥصɴǲ̫˼ˡ
꺭Щִٲ˵ղðЩҲֻǵ;˵
꺭ϵĽͣϵɫҲÿһ㣬ʱַȴͻȻ˵ûϵ֪˵Ķʵ⡣
ϲһը˷ΣŹַģҲĴ򲻹Էûǰַƴ
ַ㲻֪ȡһ䵶ݸŮ˵ղһѵһѣ˵ĻұƲˡ
꺭۾ɴˣַŵǿɴС
ѵķԲԶԼ䵶Я㣬һԼһٰ䵶ҪֵǮϣļ۸ˣʱ򣬾еǮҲδõϡе
꺭ûгɣֽ䵶
ַĻѾ˵úˣǫõĻԵˣ꺭˵лл㽫䵶С仯һָֻϡ
ɫԵúܲ죬ַó͸ǰŮǰҪƭɫ𣬿δŮҪַָƭˣ
ʱѾ峿ʱˣһκܺõŮ꺭ķǡ˶ڣŮͬŴŮʩһ֮󣬲ȥ͵ˡ
꺭ɫ¶ã֮ɫ͵زʶԼһ˹ȥʲôҲһɻ󣬵ǳ֪ôһ£ȴʲôҲû˵ܱһ硣
ַͷ˵ӦõģҹǵϰЩٱȻԼҲܴЩˣȻлǵϰ壬ǰ·
꺭˿̶ַĻ˼⡣
һʼ벻ЩٱΪʲôͻȻߣַ֪ϵݣΪַϵͷЩˡ
ַ˼Щٱ֮ߣΪ͵˵Ĺϵ벻ˣһ͵ϰ壬ΪʲôӣʹЩٱȥ
Ů棬һһ˵ָ磬͵ϰʲôˣôӣܽо˶Ы
ַ㷴ʵң˭ȥ
ԭҲʶ
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ʵԭ㶼֪
ĶǶ֪ˣΪʲô֪
ҹȴһװ˯λ˵ֻܱȻû˵㣿
ŭɶǰİŮǰ϶ӣϵɴ۾˵˵˵ܱĻͲˡ
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ַȷֲ֪Ը˵źת˵֪֮ˡ
ַһ˵⻰û˵𣿡

һ൫ݻķУַһ˿һͷ׵ˣȻͷףַ㣬ϵˣܸоͲ
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ַ㿴ˣ岻ɵ΢΢һиǶԼ˵ô
һУǷǳһˣȻû˵޸յ֣ȴԶˡ
һǻʮ󳬼սʿ֮һ˵ĳɾͣ±ַһҲѷɫ
ַȴе𾪣һʼûϳˣһǷǳ緢һˣһ˵ģȴʮֵ˥ϣҲһ緢ģ˱ĬĬš
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һϾʲôʹһĺˣ˵һǿΪʲôľֶʮּɵأ
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׷˻һۣЩУ꺭֮⣬˶ǿ󣬵ȴƺû¶̫Ա
׷˵ס͵˶ǶˣҲˣҲϣ͵۶ݵĳҲ뿴ѪɺӣҲϣǻõĹء
꺭û˵ǲ֪Լ˵ʲôʲôҲû˵Ըǰ©ԼķâҲû˵ʲô
˲˵ַ㲻˵
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꺭˫۾øˣڵ֪ԼĽòڳ֮󣬾Ϳʼռ֤ݣĳһ죬Щ֤ݽַ
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ڵ⽫Ҫصһ˲ַѾϵ˽ǰͻȻ̽ץס˵׵ľ룬ֻ˲ʮ֮һʱ䡣
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УĽֽǽ޸յĸУŮɵղŷַһߵŮϣҲ¶˲֮ɫ
һڿڵĳԵɱȱһɱʹˣǸַˣĽҲǱʿɱ֮Ǿпܻ
ǰŮֺǣǻԥʲôڲߣˣ
ŮηѣǷ׷뿪˹Ƕյңղŷ뿪ҵŮһȣǰ档
ղŮˣ˵Ȼִתֱ˭תĶ죬˶ǰ档

ЩŮոĴûüԺӣǰŮͻȻһͷﵽĺ˴УǵǱշ
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ڰĿֲģŮŻǰĳ̫Ѫȣֲ̫ˡ
ַٴеĿڰڰ人ɵڰﻹҪǿҲ¶ٴеģ
ڰַʻַȻˣȴҲ̫ʧһ۳˵ǺڰһЩ£Ҳ֪һЩ֪ĲҵλѶ࡭
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ǰǶԸڰȻ󣬵һĽԶԶĶ֡
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ַһ֣ڰ﷢һŭַϳֵٶ̫Ҳòݱ档
ڰ¶һ˿ɫ벻ַǿ󣬳Ҳвٽ˰˰ЩȻϡַ࣬ǵʵȴҪԲҪһء
ŮѪΪʳ޸գҲ˲ѣ޸Ҫַ㣬κһ˶
޸յħɣ޸յħַ֮ܲ޸Ტ۾ͺ˵ˡ
ڰﰵԵ˵ͷֲ˸Ҵǣԭ˵ȷЩ汾£ԼǰЩСˡ
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෴ַڰƵ󣬳ϰڰȭϱ˺ü߹ǡ
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ڰ֮ȻΣգʵȴҲ½һأַնһֻ֣ڰӰ
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ˣղŻһˣһѵǣŮ׷׼ϼַɱڰַ
ղַ֮ڰһȭȭǸղַĳ֮ǰڰгѡ
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ĩ󣬳ϳɥʬڶѪĿɱҲһ֣ҲΪԼǺˣȻԼǺˣеסԼ·ˣҪԼɱ
еŮˣĩ࣬˵һѪˮûմ˭Ҳš
Ϊ˻еһԼˣѣ۾Ѿĩ꣬Ҫҳһûɱ˵ˣȷ̫ˡ
ȴ벻ϻѪȵɱֶΣַһȥһȥмʮ˱նϡ
תۼ䣬Ժ˵Ĳ֫ϱۣЩǣַϵһ֮䣬ء
ʮ֮УԺеĹٱնɱ
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ͻȻ˿˼һĻһսϣˮͰļڹܴӳϵµļʿֱҳ
ʱ˶ˣһԣվһµˣ˵һıòŵĿ⿴ˣǼһΪԼ۾⡣
ϵͼڹԼ֣ĺϽɣϣսʿеĺϽ𵶽Ĳʶ֮Ტۡ
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һ̶ľῴһ
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ڰʿǣΧַǼŮıӰǷ·𿴵и󳪣ǸǿĹڻ

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޷ڱϾѾǳǵĳˣڵĳ˾Ķ벻ͨĻֻн齻˾ϣֵһ仰նֵȻжȴ˾£һҪ˽

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ַ֮Իô࣬Ҳ˶һĩ顣
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ŮУ类ַµŮᣬһѯַַ֣ȴûиԼ˭ȻҲֻ֪ҪԼ˵֣Ůġ
Ҳ֪һԼй¶ȥǵ֪Ļӭѹַڵͷ̫ˣֻҪǵ֪˳ǣҪ˵Ľǣ޸նվƴ
ĻģһУٶַ֮ģ˰ʱַ֣סϣǽҪ׼ˣϻһս
ϵ˵ͷķͷַ˹ȥϵʱ֤Լַ
˷ܣսǳַãһֱԹۣڵԼֵʱˡ


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ڼĳǿߣַ㲢ûзϣȻҲ֪ڰ˰ǿ߶֮ͬ꣬˰ǿߵȷ˳ǻҪܶ࣬ȻûнЩ˷ϡ
ֻҪϣ֣ǵǿֲ߱ʲô»ַҲһЩǣǾǳصĺڰ
ڰﲻͬ࣬ǲ𣬼Ϊǿ󣬾̫͵ĶǿϣҲеʮѲַľһԵĻûڰԿ
ϵڰ㼫ǿֵĻʧܵһһ棬кڰĻһս˲ٱ˭ʤ߶˵
ַĿԶԼһ꣬˵ɱħɱħѵԼȴҪһССĳͷ𣬺ڰ﾿жĹϵ

һϽ˫ս͵߿һţеıֱնͷѾ鵽ַס
ַҲûӰԼסҵʵϢ˲ڴв鵽Ͻַ֪ǼΪֲһˣ߿֮ŶеĴһͿ
ֱҷɣϵıӱնĲҲ̶ã˼ӣԼûпκˣϽʧͬʱֳһΪԼˡ
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ַĶͷҲ˺ղʮÿһȫԸ̶̼ӣľַ˿ȻƣͣȻǿ֪ĶֻûҲڵȴԷĵ

һ˴һУΪʡǮǼмʮŮסһ˽֮ûмַϣ΢΢Щʧ
漴뵽ԼɱЩŮĻҲǴһɱЩŮȣûзֿҪַϺöˡ
ֱֳĺ˱ƽʮŮ໥ӵһǵи¶˾ֲı顣
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ǿͬʱ֣ҲǼӵʱ䣬˱ַ㣬ϣնһص顣
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741  
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ַȥɱۣȻħ󣬵֮֮ѾһأȻҪڰǿߡ
ַеıЯնڰǿߵ壬ַڰǿߵϱûκεı仯һһǿַնıϡ
ַı·һ˫ε̶ֹ˿УþȫҲ޷ǰնһ磬ڰ䶢ַ˵ˣ
ҿɲΪ
˵仰ַͻȻеıһȭȻڹؼʱȭͷڰȷַ֮ϣսȴûַḻ
ȻڰѾ˼꣬һֱںڰ磬ƽ˽֣Ǵûַսˡ
ַ㲻̫ͬ͵κˣĩֻ֮һͨ࣬ǿḻս飬ߵ˽һ
˵Ҳڰȴɱ˵ˡ
ĩУ뱻ɱֻɱˣַĩУȹΪȷѪĶʮ꣬һɱ¾Уܶǿ˶ˣȴڡ
ַһȭƼΪң˺ѵΧȭͷԱȷٿ˲֪ٱٶȻڰǿߵԴϡ
ڰǿߵȫַıϣûϵַͻȻ˱ȭͷ
һ̣ڰǿߵԴֱӱ򱬡
ʧȥ˺ڰǿĿƣղڿеıٵĳϵ䣬ַһֽסǰѿҪصı
˿ڰǿߵҲصˤ˵ϡ
ȥĺڰǿߣַҡҡͷ˵ҳǿ󣬵ȴһɱˣ۾ҵĽȴˣ˽֮⣬ҵȭͷҲɱˣ
ַУ˶ʮԡѪӣڰǿߣֻǷԵĹ˼ӡ
ĩ֮ǰ˵ĲˣȻ޷ɱͬʱǿԼɱ˼ɣĩǵǿ̫࣬ǲȥ࣬ȻҲǡ
죬սɱ˵ַ㣬űַɱˡ

ֶͨιۿ˴սĳǽȫסˡ
ַȻɱ˰սʤĺڰǿߣڰǿߵҪַһأ˵ɵɱַȴַɱˡ
Ȿǲ÷飬ȴƫƫˡ
ôܣַôɱ˺ڰˣ
ѵΪַ㣬ս޲ʤ𣿡
Ǹô죿
ʲôô죬鲻ȥˣϽ˾һô죬˾ᡣ
˵˾ϾҪˣ֮һٳĺڰʱַ㣬ǳϣһ
Ȼ˶Ϊ޸տɱַ㣬һЩ۵˵Ǹղź˵Ļλڰ˲Ҳַǵ˾ĻַĶ𣿡
͵д򿪣һٶŮڴڴ㵽һеĳǹٱǣһ˸
ٴοַʤЩŮǿ󣬼ʶҲǶôĹˣȴ֪һ£ַ޵еսַֻҪ֣κ˵Ľ¶֮е飬ҵĻ͸ַ㡣
һٶŮҵĻΪַȲʣ͵Ҳ׷˴ǰۿⳡ춯صĴսַɱ˺ڰǡ
һЩʶ֮ʿҲ²ܻɱڰģ֮ҲַֻһˣսʿǾһھһ֮ڸȷһ£ղ˵ȷǻսַ㡣
սʿ¶ҵı飬ǾȻ뻪ַסһһôֵҫ顣
ͬʱҲɻַ㲻ڷ˳ǣôǸˡ
ַȻǵıȴкڰ֧֣ΪַֻǿгۣȴڰᲢۡ
죬ַȴڴϵڻɱһڰǿߣҲһЩսʿܵΣıƽ͵ѾַǽսԼȴס͵С
Ϊ⣬ԼҪ㻻һõУ͵겻ãϵκһõ궼ȫҪ벻˫ԼֻжԶһЩ
һķ׷ͨƵҲⳡĶǵսս֮ڷ˵ַȻɱ˺ڰڹսлɱĶԷԭҲǿֵز
׷ǿʱҲַᲢۣڵһһѹսѾǰַᲢˡ
ǰΪڰﶼˣַǻսһҲǱɣַȴһ⡣
ȷе˵ַ㲻һ⣬һ⡣

޸ոܵԼͬ˿һ㣬ҲʼΪǿߣﵽ˰˰㣬ѾﵽĳּޣҲͻơ
ַ㣬ϣǰ˰㣬ǺܶϽﵽ˰˰㣬ĩ꣬ͻƵ̫ĻᱻƤң˰ѾĿǰļˡ
޸ܱõ˺ڰķ֣ıڴﵽ˰˰֮ҲԽŲɻ˵ķԼ
ǵͻƵʱ̣ڵڰ˰ĻϿʼµӰ˰ǵ˰˰һʮ㣬а˰һʮﵽ˰˰ʮ㡣
ڰ˰ٶʮĻϣû̫ͣã㿪ʼٴεﵽ˾Ű㣬ֹͣ˱

޸մЦĻѾǻǿǿˣԽ˺ܶĺڰĳԽָϵĳԽ档
ڰǿ߷ͻǴս޸Ű˼ʱĺڰȲû̫ơ
ĩһֱսжȹЩڰȴɱԷΪĻս
Ȼָͨĺڰ񽫳ʮ˴״٣Ȼɱ
޸ճ־ƹضʱȴõһܷŭϢ¶ϽɱڰǿҲһս
ԭǻսַ밵ĵһǿ߳ˣ
ַڳɱԽ˾Ϊ׼ĶŮȻҪŮѪ⣬ЩŮȴ֪̫ܣֻҪǻ뿪ཨ
ַ֪㣬һŮ͵꣬͵ˣ޸ճĬˣȥһ͵еİ׷ˡ
޸ռ׷֮󣬰׷˾ķ֣޸յѾﵽ˾Ű㣬Զַϡ
׷¶һ˿ŭɫ˵ԭǸ˵ģû˵Ѫħ
޸յûзϣͷ˵ҲַΪҲûѡľǿ𣬲׷׸һҵܿǿĻǱᱻ̲ǰֵҲᱻɱϣܹСܵĿԣ
׷˲ܽ޸յĹ۵㣬ʶԷ˵ΪԼɻ֪֪ЩŮҲһǻˣ
լʺŻ˵ЩŮ㲻ҳԵԺҲᱻǿɱǱҳԵ뱻ɱʲôͬ
׷̾һ˵Сޣ벻ɽӣЩʲôͬ
޸ǰһսʱͷǿıסʱĳǾ˾ȥӪȻƽ׷ˣҲС
׷˽ǽ޸գڳеһп͵꣬ĬĬŵ
ʱ׷޸Լ޸ڼγǾ˾֮󣬾κΣȫĵ飬޸ȴϳʹΧһĳĴ£ЩΥǵԼ
ʱ޸Ҳ԰׷˽͹˵ԼҲΪͳһвϵڶ
׷Ҳû˵ʲô˵޸һħͨɻ˵Ѫͽܲˡ
׷˳˵޸գֹͣкЩŮ
û⣬ҵѾɣҲҪ˵Ѫˡ
޸նһ˵ҲһҪ󣿡
˵ɣ
㽻ַϡ
ֻҵĿˣҲ
Ǿ뿪͵꣬ҽΪƽء


743  δ
׷˼ᶨҡҡͷ˵Ȼ㱳֮ԼȴҵĿˣַϵΪҲۣЩŮʲôѵƾûгԵǣǴ˳Ҫĵ֮𣿡
޸΢΢һ㶣ȻѾ԰׷˵ķӦĴ㣬ԷǿӲǴϡ
ȥǰΪ˾Լ˸ϵ³һССõĬĬŵͨ޸̲סӿǿҵǸ⡣
ڰ׷УֻһСǣ˳ǵĳŬ£ǲ˽ǿ󣬲ﵽ뻪ǿķ˳ǣǲĵز
ųǵһսɳ˾ĸ߼֮⣬ܶ˶Ѿ׷˵Ĵˡ
޸ȴû֪ûǰİ׷ˣûڵ
޸̾һ˵Ҳ˵е鶼ǶԵģҵ쵼£ǰδеٶȷչȴǲʵڳǷչĹУҪһЩˣЩŮҪǾΪҳǼ˵δİɣϣܹң
׷Ҳһ㣬޸ոȷ쵽ʱǿ˺ܶ࣬ǵǿ޸ҲѾѪ
ȻΪ˼䷢չĵزΪһ࣬ӦüһЩӦüֵĶ޸Ϊ˺ܶ£ΪΪ˳ǣ޸վͿ˵޹ߵ
׷˵Ҳ뿪͵ģҲҵĿˣԵȫǵļڶſ͵ͺ䣬һΪƽأҵĿ͵깲
޸ճĬ˺þò˵ҵȷн͵Ϊƽص˼֮ûûң۵ʲôʱҲһ㣬Ȼֲַϵ뷨ȻַĿˣ͸ַ㣬磬ڳͷĹ㳡ϣйƽһս֤֮˭˭ɣ
֮ս˵ǹƽģ㳬ַһ㣬ͨģ
ʲô취ַϣǳǣ֮⣬ֻֻܽ⻰ַ㣬ӦսĻұҵķ͵ˡ

ڰ׷˽޸յĻַ㣬˵޸յѾﵽ˾Ű㣬ַ㲢û׷ָ޸ͨķǿԼ
ַֻǵͷ˵޸յܹƽ
ĩУӵǿǿߣʹӵһУܶͬ޷ʱ򣬱ֻͨҲĩԼ׳ɵķ
׷˺ɻʵ޸յһ㣬ͨħķõģѵΪҲǹƽ𣿡
ΪܹƽĩУֻҪܳΪǿʹκֶΣȻҲͬ޸ֶԼҲʹַԼȴΪ˷޸յŬ޸ܹϳԽô࣬ʲôģˣǹƽ
޵һ޵ڶһУΪ׷Լܶʲô鶼ó
Щ֮û޸һħǲɱЩ޹ߣǸòħؾҪȻҲԥȥ˵ħ
ַŻ˵޸յǹƽģҲΪַ㵣ģȻųưĵһǿߣҲ֪޸ѾԽܶࡣ
ַǿҲǿһ㣬ԼӦҲ޸յĶ֣ѵַ޸յĶ𣬵ϴ˿ȴﲻַ㣬޸յսԵַ㣬
Ҳַ֪սĻһֵˣ֪УҲܾ޸֮ľս
ַ㿴ǰİ׷ˣ֪һֱյĻȻճΪǿĳսʿ֮һȴнǿһһѾ֤һ㡣
׷ַһһԭˣųǣǾЩߵһģҲ˵ԸʹȻ
ַҲϣ޸յȷҪȻҲϣΪ˳ǣĳвĴˡ
һ޸յĳɾͣһ׷˵ĳɾҪͣ޸յǿ󣬲Ҫ˵ʮ󳬼սʿǽȫʮ󳬼սʿҲû⡣
޸֮ǰɱĺڰﲻͬҲĩȷѪ֮ĥ³ǿߣҪҲǺܻɱ˵ˣҲսЩڰﻹҪΣյĶࡣ
ַȻԥĽ޸յսǿߣ𾴺ܻɱ˵ǿߣ𾴶ֵķֻһǾǳɱԷ
֮۵Ʒô۵սַʮģַɱۡ
죬ͬķ޸һΣǾþһа취ɱ˶Է
޸ַַ֪Ļ˵ϣַ㲻ҲԸַ뷨
ַ㿴Ű׷˵ǿԿһ£ڽ޸֮󣬳պһЩô˰ɡ
ַĿƺʮİɱ޸գǵսûпʼַ˵˳Ժİţǲ̫дһЩˣ
аɱ޸𣿡
ַ˵ûаգһᾡ¡
ûаͰ޸飿
޸յľսֽһһˣҲ취ȶˣȻһᣬΪ޸ǵİ취źãҾͿȫԸ޸վսˡ
޸˭ǵ³ʲô
ЩŮе꺭ᣬǶǿŮ
ַĻû˵꣬׷˱Ѿˣַ㿴ǲųĽ޸˳ǵľ˾֮޸յ·Ż顣
ַ꺭о֮˭˳ǵľ˾ַƴӣǻɷ˳ڻвһ֧Ժַ֧㡣
͵ÿһˣ׷˶ǵģΪǲǻ˵ʱ򣬲ǽ͵ꡣ
꺭кøУŮ֮УǸϲ꺭һЩȥиŮú꺭Ůȴĩڡ
׷˵Ľ޸յĻ꺭ǵ³Ϊ
֮У꺭һЩ
ҵŮ
ַ˵ͷ׷Ͽ꺭޸ͺðˡ
׷ȻУȥǳǵϳ۹ڣϰ꺭Ļͺðˡ
ַİ£꺭ϰ׷Ϊ常׷Ҳʾ֧꺭ǵ³޸ˣ׷ȻǳӰһˣ֧꺭ĻȻҷԡ
нԵĻʱַϳ֣ԽЩԶ˵꺭ַľеһЩ˼ַĻ޸Ϊ常
ַһ⣬ǾԼˣ׷Ҳ취꺭ڵŮ޸˵ĻΪӵн˿ڵĳУԼŵùϡ
꺭ȻŵùԺҲΪǵĶԴַӴϾȻַ֮Ŀ뿴ʱ˺ܴͬԺճǵˣַȻܷġ
ȷ͵Ůַţǲַ֪б޻ΪַʮİղŻ
ַ޸յսȻŻ죬Ůȴϲ󣬷·ַʤѾΪ˶֡
ַæΪսʤ޸֮׼޸ҲΪɱַ֮׼
ΪԼѾﵽ˾Ű㣬ҲѪȷɱ˶꣬˽ʮ˸״֮⣬һĺڰϣҪ˵ַˡ
ⶨɱַ֮ϷսԼɱַ㣬Ȼɱ˳ϡ
ַˣԷֱ·һ·˳ǣһ·ǣַǷ˳ǵľֻ֧Ҫһ˳Ҳơ
˳Ƕϣ人ǣǣ¥ЩʵĳУԿˣԺһͳҲָտɴ
˵Ժ󻹻ΪʼĿԺﶼεĿƬĴء
ַ޸յս֮͵긽аڷˡ
Ҳ޸µַݣȻΪ˱ս֮ززҪ֮ززĻЩͨʿҹκβ޸ҲȷţΪЩŮַһսģ͵긽尵ڣҲûʲôˡ
͵оסһЩˣԶ͵˽ַ֣޸յľսϢ֮Ƿס
Ȼ޸ַҪþսķ·˫ľף˾Ͳڻķ͵꣬ҪȻ޸ַ㡣
ڴУ޸ַսһˡ


744  һ
޸֮ûַսӺһ죬ҲΪ˸Լơ
ĩʱַǻΪҫ۵һˣһˣǿߵĹâڸסˡ
Ҳһ£˭ַ㣬Ϊĵս˾Ĥݡ
ĩĹУַߴȱսߣȻҲԻ͹ĤݹǶˡ
һޱȵǿߵ˽ַ㣬һ˹սַˣϾ֮ǰ̫ѪܵĽѵ˵ҲǴġ
޸ַսϢͬһ㴫ĴأЩóȻңԶȴڳаԼߡ
꣬һ꣬ڻвͻȻѾ˺ܶע⣬ĩУСһҲһѣһЩǿĳУǽ۾˻ĸС
ǵĿԼܱ߳еձ࣬˺ܶ˵⣬޸ɢַսϢ֮󣬸аڳǵԵףϢٴ˸ԵĳС
ڵõʧĵһʱ䣬ܶеľһ㶣Ϊ޸ǷˣȻսսַ㣬ĩսַˣмܹ޸ôأ
󣬺ܶеĹߵõ鱨ںڰǿߵİ£޸յﵽ˾Ű㣬ϢǾһˡ
ĩ꣬˰Ѿǿܴﵽļˣǳ࣬ڰ˰»ҪǿĻпΪܲ˾޴
ǿַ㣬Ҳڰ˰ֹˣ޸ȴﵽ˾Ű㣬˰ǿܳܵޣһ
õϢܶеĸ߼߲ȷ޸ûз裬Ǻ֪޸ַܴ޸оŰܣɹϣӦûеİɣ
ܶе۾Ҳסⳡս֪ⳡսԺĵջַ㣬ַԸȻԵһ㣬ȴûĺ֮ģַʤˣһܱ״
޸ʤˣҰļ˵ǻʧȥһУַ޸֮˭ʤܹ˵ġ
ȴڵһʱõΪ׼ȫĵĿ⣬ͻȻе˳ǣȷе˵Ǽеַ޸յϡ
ڶʱַ֣޸һ˳ǵĹ㳡ϡ
޸յıվżǵĽǰ人ϣ֮ǵķԴҲУǶеĴӵ޸󣬷·ַѾʵ
һս޸ʤĻǽΪչҵף
ַȴ뵽һΣֻ¶ҪʧˣǰûܹԺȻҲܣҲһ⡣
ַֻгˣ꺭ȻҲҪһΪַȴַֹˣǵ̫Լսʤ޸գŭĽһ֣Ҳһ
һԼʤǰܣǶɱΧԼսܣҲɱȥ
ЩŮ͵꣬ԼʤˣҲ£Լʧˣ׷ܱܲסǣҪǵˡ
뵽ЩŮַͻȻģԼˣǱڳǣ˿̵޸ҲΪǼ˵˵ǣַУȴΪǵļ˱һٶŮҪ
ȻˣҲԼЩŮǰȴܱۣһսԼʤ֮ǰԼսһ
㳡ϵַ㣬޸ղû֣Ǹп˵ĩеÿһ죬Ҷֵַ޵д˵ʱҲ룬ǲһ죬л޵սأֻҵһ뷨ȴ벻սһ죿
ַ㿴޸һۣĸߴȻƤЩڣȴúܾ񣬵ƾ޸ܹԽԼΪھŰǿһ㣬ֵԼ
ַ뵽Щ޸յµ޹ŮǣвɵһģԽǿ󣬶ΣҲԽ
޸ǿƷµˣַһ򲻾ء
ַһ˵ȷҾսĻᣬҲҹȥսһΪҽһʧߣ㻹ʧȥ
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ַĻԼԻ͵һ·ԺĽ½̹;ˣ޸յ˵벻µս˵Ҳ
һˣ۵ʲôʱ򣬶ĸ飬ҽҲ֮С
ȴû
ַı˵ȷûҵǰֳһ˶ԣѾˣȻǷˣȻҲĸ飬ҾЩԵŮһ


745  Ľ
áַ㣬ҽȫɱ㣬ʲôֶξʹɣ
˵仰޸ͻȻסһѱһַ㡣
޸һַ¶ı飬޸յһΪݣĽַ·סˡ
ԴַѧĽ֮ǿǿ֣߳ҲڶԷ֮յԷĽ⣬׼ȷ
죬ȴ޸յһƯ޸һƯҲ㲻ʲôǶԷһնȻȱ㣬ַ뷴ҲҲκηĵط
ַҲ֪޸ҲܱȹȥǿԼȻҲԷеǶԷûԼûҵѡ
ȻԷĽûԼͱ¶޸ճֵһ˲䣬ַеıҲˡ
г֯һͷֱַ޸գ漴˵ӰҲ
һֱַ㶼֣ܶȴһ𣬳ǵЩǸоЩ˼飬޸ǾŰǿߣַֻа˰㣬ǰ˵һĶ֣ôͣȴƫƫһ
˰ַŰ޸վȻɱѽѷ֡
Իĸе۾һд˸ԵĳУĴⳡĶǵľսǰ޸գ벻޸տַħǰãַ޵еĻսѽʮˣȻûзֳʤ
뵽˫յĽǲʤԺ޸ҲΪַ㲢ս
ֶַǿҵľ֮ģ֮ǰַж޸ȴﵽ˾ŰַԼ˰Ȼƽ˾Ű޸գⲻò˵һ漣
ַǻĵĲܴ˵޸ҲǻĵĲ漣֪һս˭ȡʤǱ޸սֵĻ˶ɵΪ޸ջʤΪ޸յоŰ㣬Ķȴֻа˰
޸յĶַ㣬˾Ͳ²ˣֻڵȴȴĽ
ڣַͣ޸վڹ㳡ģ·ֱ˿̣˶֪˭Ӯˡ
޸ȿ˵ûģ
ַش˵ϵĺܶ鶼ֻʽʹ̣ĽҲǿ󣬴ӵһսǱʤɣûƫƫкܶ࣬һû顣
˵ĶԻˣַսʤ޸գ˵ַ㲻ʤ޸ӵŲĽи߹һص޸ȴˡ
޸ռʵղôأ
ΪԼһ鲻֤ҵļǶԵġ
ԭΪԼһǿȻΪʤˡ
˵仰ʱ޸յľͻȻһѪߣ漴ͷ­ԴϵȫĵĴͳУֱһ̡
ӫǷˣַʤˡ
Ҳͨ񲻻룬һЩȴ˼⣬ַκη涼ռƣһôն޸վأ
Ǹ޸ҲһֱûףҲ͸벻ˣȴ֪һ£ַյʤ֮һսĽ
ٸеĸ߼Ҳһ޸ˣһֿԱԭˣʱڣԼĳҲϺܴսˡ
еĽǶסˣԼ˾Ȼˣַնͷ­Ժĳǳˣ˵ԼΪ˳ǵĽ֮뵽Щٽ
ַûղĿɿڴĹۿߣֱӻ͵ꡣ
оܲ⣬ַսʤɱһھŰǿߣӦǰ˵ɣַһ仰Ҳû˵뿪˳ǵĹ㳡
󣬰׷Ծ˾ټн
Щ߼ǰڰ׷£޸ˣȻԴ޸˵ַס͵УԼǰ޸գ˵ַļޣ׷ԼĻ˵Լлϣ
׷ټн֮꺭Ϊǵ³Ϊ꺭ǰǳǵˣǵľ˾Ȼû˻
⻰ǴӹȥĳǾ˾׷˿˵ģЩҲ÷Ҫǣַվ꺭
꺭һվʹ˶꺭֧֡
޸ˣַǳ޵еĴڣЩҲ֪ǷԵĻῴ̫
꺭Ӱ׷нӹǳĻ֮һ£нְλһɲ䣬ԺҲ׷Щ˹ȥΪԺȴ밲ؼϳͲ
˵꺭ϷŹԼеĽǲųһҲ֪꺭õ˰׷ˣַϵ֧֣Ѿû꺭ǳ֮λˣֻҪܱסĿǰһоͺܲˡ
꺭˳ǵľ˾֮󣬲ЩΪŰĽھԹϾᣬˣַ㰵ͷ꺭̶ϣΪ޸յ֮С
ҲЩΪŰĽǼΪȻŹЩˣ֮Ҳһλʡ
ַ㻹Щ꺭ģڽγǾ˾֮ĵһ±ǷԹҲõַϿɡ
Ԥڣ꺭쵼£Ժĳǲ޸ڵʱ٣˵ǻһֱ˳ǣĳϣ֮ǲеľ档

һӳļʮøߴͬʱնϣȴûаϲɫ෴еֻʧ
֪ԼղһȻƺ㣬ȴԶԶ޷۷ʱĽȡ
ڷ˳ܸۣбӰΪѾˣҲԾˣʵϣȻһӰǸӰĻԶ޷ͻơ
Ŀ˵㿴Ҳǹȥˣ
ԽԽݵӣͻȻˮһҡͷ˵УԶĽ֡
˵Խ۵ĻȻûܹʤңҵĽȴ۷ʱ˺֪ܶ࣬Ϊʲô𣿡
ȥܸۣûȫã޷ﵽȥ۷״̬
Ҳ֪˲޹أʵϣ۽ʱͺˣȴΪӰ޷ﵽȥ۷״̬
ҡҡͷ˵ҽ˲޹أ޹أֻһйأҲɱǸˣԶٴγԽԼ
˵¶һ˿ɫдʱͻȻĳֵģҲŮƯˡ
ʵ˵Ǹ˭
ٴλӳһԶһƬľıնϣ˵ʶַ㡣


746  ַĵ
δ
ҡѧδС¶οı飬ӵǿˣǸ˰Ľᾧ
δȻһܶһ㣬ȴȴѾԼ·ˣ۵˵ְַּ֣δȻСȴһʮӢˬģһ˫ַһƯ۾
ַڹȥŮĹУ˫Ů۾Ƿ˲ɹãСδһ˫˵۾
衭
δӶԴӤʵС֣ҡҡλαСһĵģ
ͻȻСδǰϤĲݵزˣҲһƬ֮УеδûвʲôΣգȻһС
衭
δϽ
Сδ˻һĲŷԼȻһ֣ĵطҲĺ԰
ʱСһһۣƮƮˣ˾ͬĩǰӾĹװ˲ࡣ
Сɵñ˻δһ˵˵˭
ҽôַĿ˵ң

СȻ˵ˣַԪУļ֮һǰһ۵ˣΪԭַϡ
ַҲϣ۵Ķ֣ɱ̶ۣܴԴʵ֮԰ǿһλ۱ȼǿߡ
жС֪ȴ֪ǰѪ˻᳤죬Ѫ˻᳤ڻ޴ȷѪ꣬ڶַ˺ܴ鷳ںܳʱһַȼĶ֡
ģɴ˿֪жôˣ벻ȴͻȻԼ
С֪ԼվҵļҲǼʶ˵ŮкܣȻһСŮһΣվͻẰҲ֪Լǿһ㣬ҪɱԼĻԼûκεĻ֮
Сʵ㽫ҴþУΪʲô
ⲻǻþ뿪
Ϊʲô
ַ֮һսȴҽ֣ҽĸŮߣҲΪ˼ַǱʹ֮սһЩ
Ҫսַ㣬Сַ㵣ģ̫ˣǰֻ˵ˣ˿֪ĽԼ֪жˡ
С֣ص˵Ҫץңִ㽻ҲûʲôҿԸߣҪӷŻ
Ѿ⣬вַĻҲвַ㣬δּΨһѪȴ뱣δ
ҡҡͷ˵ãһŰɣַһսʤǰܣĸӶܵ˺ҿ㱣֤һ㡣
СĻݣмڶѣȴΪַ㵣
˱ַǿ˲һ㣬ַ֮ĲҲΪʲôҪַսأַˣ᲻ɱַˣ
δоϵƮ֮Ȼ˷ܵĳ˫֣СŮܿɰҲδһᣬתͷС˵ӺƯܿɰҲ㣿
ҸϣַЩ
üëһ˵ַʲôãܿͻΪûи׵ˡ
СвɵһȻҪɱַ㣬ôҪַ֪ͨ㣬أ

ĪƷͻȻһ˿оһ˿޵ǿϢڿԼһ˵˭
һ۳˳˵Ī˾ȻǽӢۣҽϢѹͣǱ㷢ˣ
ĪƷƿ˶ԷһۣҲ¶˾֮ɫ
ոջͻƣͻĿǰǿߵޣﵽ˰˰ʮȷţԼѾѹַһͷˡ
ĪƷȻûַ۵ͷȴоԼַ㣬һӵ飬ǰˣȴƶԷľ磬ȴ֪ԷֲܿڻֲĶࡣ
˭
˭ҪҪҪȥַ㡣
ĪƷ֪ǰ˱ԼֲֲַԼǿ߶ֲҲַ֪㻹ǿһѡ
ĪƷƾܾҪȥַĻԼֱȥȥ
ɲˡ
ǿߵĻдвζĪƷƵһ˫ÿüҲŭȵõʲôˣȻĿ˵
ҽ
û˵㣿
ĪƷȻַһЦ𣬵ȴַһ𣬲Ų֪˭ν˵ֻҪ߾ˡ
롣
ͻȻһָĪƷƵϡ
ĪƷƵһȥ¶˲ŵı飬˾Ȼһָ㵹ľھո־£ȴһָ㵹
˽ǿŨһû˵ĽȻֵط˰ʮǰȻûһĻ֮
ĪƷ˵㲻ַѣַĵˣ

㣬㿴
ұڣһģһĽûӨ࿴Ժӵϲ˵
Өһ˿˵Ưȴ˹ˣӣ˵ִǲѾˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ģִ֮ˣҪкܶ࣬ûǣǽò˻ԼִǲǵģֻҪôæˣһǡ
ԶһַŮţëͽˡ
˭
Ӱʾ԰С
Өһۣϳ˭ĩ֮Ѫ˵Ļ᳤첻ϧ޴Ĵۣұˣֻһǽǽ͸
ںܳһʱǽöŮˣұҲΪ˵õ˴ʵݣַ㣬һв˱仯
Өȿ˵ǽöִΪˣҲ֪Ϊʲô˵ȥǽöԲ磬ҪɱǵĻɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ҲɱԼϲŮˣǣҪһ飬Ͼͻַչսһɱַһ棬͸߰ɣȻǲԸȥҲǿǣ
Ĺĵ˵ôִĶ֡
ӨĿֹ˵ɲɱַ㣬ǰһ죬ѾʹַٴУԳ֣˵Ŀɱַ㡣
Өһ˵磬ɲȡִľս


747  ޳Ů
عͷӨ˵Ѿûжˣַ֣ʵˣȻҽҵĶ֣Ҿͻ𾴶õķɱ
ַǰҲķԼĶ֣ˣɱɱۣɱ޸գĻһԸַ
ַֻķ𾴱ˣȴֶ
ӨɫһӱüΪ԰ףҲһ£ַĶ֣֮սһԲˣΪǽá
Өҧű˵ǽԸ뿪ԪĻɲȡⳡսأ
͵һ벻ĽĽ飬漴ҲˣĽ˵ǲַ㣬̫ϲַˣŻ飬ϧԼҸȥάԷ
ͻȻ¶һ˿ŭɫŭ˵ԭǽУһˣҳϣ֮սַ㣬ܴһԭΪǽãȴûҪַвǣҡ
Ө¶һ˿ɫȻ֪ˣˣͿԽǴұˣαصȵأ
֮԰ȡĳɾܴͣһҲΪƷؼĽӨҲַ֪֣ʤϣʵãżͶҽ˵Ļڱ֮ʱࡣ
˿˵ַڵĽȻңȴкܴǱܱȳǱĻⳡս˭ʤ˭һδ֪Ҳַ̫㵣ġ
ַĵˣ˫սĽǱһ˵ĻĲַͻĻοӨࡣ
ȴƫƫ˵ĻδԵЩ֮࣬һʵַ㣬ҲĨڶԷ
ӨЩ˵˵ǡǵۣܻ֮һ˵ģ
ЩʵˣǾַ֤Իѵǽϣ𣿡
Өҡҡͷ˵İæұ֪ˣȻЩʳﶼǳģȴ֪ǶˣЩʳʵгģұŮ񶼸м㣬ǽôأ
Ҳ˵磬㶼֪ǺˣͲҪַսˣ
¶˸жı˵ǽ仰һս޺ȴҪǣһսֹڿʼַľս㲻Ϊˡ
Ϊʲôս
Ϊ˽۷սһȴʼ޷ﵽ۷壬ַһ֣кοַһս֮еһ˱Դﵽ۷壬ַϣҲΪ෴ַҲӦúڴԽԼֻҪսʤң磬̫ͣݺᣬǽԸ֤һս𣿡

ͮǡ⣬ַɱ˳ǵ޸գγ꺭Խã人ϣ֮ǵвڳ׽ˡ
вѾûʲôǿڶʱ֮в人ϣ֮ǣӣȫչ人ϣ֮ǵӰ
Ȼǵ꺭ԽãⲢǵԸⱻ˳Խ෴ٳԽˣʹδ人ϣ֮δĻģռһϯ֮ء
ͮһҵĺǿŮҪȻҲסַ˼ַһˡ
ĪƷظ飬ҵȻԭַ㣬ȴַͷֻװǸˣҲһ죬֮󣬻ϧַһĵεΣȴȥַ㡣
ͮĪƷƲַ֮ͬûκ⣬˵ԸֺܺϵҵĿȴ˶Ըϣʮ֮󣬼֮󣬻ĴȻĴ˵人ϣ֮ҲδɻҪһ
ͻȻͮԼǰվһװˣôģȻ޲ڿڽ䱸ɭϵľ˾ѽ
ͮһ뾫ƣ뵽ǰ˺ֲܿ˱ַ֪㻹ֲַ㣬Ҳ֪Ǳ뵽ľ˾˷֣ǰȴܡ
ͮ¶˵΢Цһ˵ɣ
ûпףǺͮĶ棬ҲʧƯŮаԶʼַ㣬ôƯŮΪʲôǶַأ
ͮʵǰʶ໥֮Ҳûгްɣ
˵ͷͮ˵Ȼ뿪ˣʲôҪҰæģһȫ㣿
һüǰŮַŮһ˵ҽӦ˵ҵְɣ
ͮ˵ͷȻϵıܴݣȴһ㵹ӵ£Ȼ֪˭
֮԰ĵһ֣һ˳죬ǽĽ죬ַұǸ֮Ůˣѵǰַйأ
ͮȻܰ΢ЦȴԹַ㣬˭ãȴƫƫɫ֪ԼǿǰԼûһ㻹֮ûԷ֡
ɰһʼ˵ҵȷ˵ҵĴ֮ûʲôԹɣ
ҪַսˣϣܹǾսֳ
ͮҡҡͷ˵ҿһǲȥˣܣַ˸׵ˣŮлԼۺ֪ҲֹһۿǳսҲȱһ˰ɣ
ʱȷǰŮǻľڳַ֮޳ܵһˣΣգƴַ㻮ޣַߵŮ˶ǣҲǷץͮɡ
ȴͮϣ˺ַܶӰӡ
˵ַ˺ӵССȥۿǵľսַлԼӨ࣬ǽҲۿⳡսַ̹ĵĺ֪ĪƷƣĪƷƵȻҲȥַеķҲͣҽ㷢룿
֪ͮ仰˵ô⣬СӨ࣬ĪƷƵȻĸԸȥۿַľսȥҲֱȥַ㣬ȥˣ˵ǶѾˡ
ͮҡҡͷ˵㿴ô˶ȥ˵ľսˣȥȥ͸νˣ뿪ʱ򣬼ǵԼţͣ
ԽǰŮ·Խַ㣬вɵöɰŮΪУ˵˵Ҫ뿪𣿡
ҼȻߣɣ֪ϲʲôȥ׼
վͮ˵㲻Ҫġ
֪һ⣬ȥȥνҿһǲȥˣ
ȻѾˣ㻹ȥɡ
ͮ˵ʲôѾһָ㵽һεĽľ
ϣͬ˯ͮе˵˲ȥַһ޳ܵŮҲһҪȥۿַľս


748  ΪʲôڲŻ
˳ǾУĿŮУͷ˵ԭǶѽʡһȥˣ
٣Ҷ磬̻һ
Ůǰ˰ǿߣ˵û͵͵ǰĶǷġ
ǲ֪˭֪ġ
̻ȿڵ˭
ҽӦ˵ҵ֣
ٽӿڵǼ˶˵֣㲻֮԰ţʲôĪ޷ӮӨģǵ鷳𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ҪַȽȥۿϣҪǣ
Ȼֲ֪һˣַȽûһʤ㣬̲ס˵ҵĸ粻ȽҲȥۿ߰ɣ
˷˳ǣַ֪ĺжôӴһۣ漴ʵַһ𳤴ɣȻҼַľսҲֹ˵ġ
ƫƫҪֹ
һҡͷ֮԰ΪǸ½ĵһ֣Ȼмǿһ棬˵˿ǰۡ
ۼٷ˳ǣһɱ˷˳ˣ۵׺ȻѣַȻԪֵۣĻӮʵٵĿ
Ҳֵãַսͨͨľս򵥣֮˵һˣַĻԴżսַ㡣
̻ΪЩŮĴ㣬֪ķûκôЦҪַȽҲǲɡ
һĽе̻㡭
̻ҡҡͷʾҪ˵ż˵ȷս飬ַص˳ǵʱǻὫս齻Լ˱֮Σ
Ҳһ԰Խ
Ҳ̻Ļ֮ƣݽս飬ҲԲַ㣬պ׷ʣҲ˵ַ㲻ڣ˵ַ̫æԷȥ˵ַıԡ
ŮĿ䵽ϣ뿴ô˵
ҡҡͷ˵ˣ̫鷳ҵȲֻҪץǣַȻұȽ
֮£û˸ڷ˳˵仰̻٣Ҷ磬ĸŮҲǺǵģ֮еѾ䣬ַֻҲôǿǰ˵Ļ
ƫƫң˵ȻΪ֮԰һ֡
Ů׷ױɫ벻˰ԵԷ뵽ԷһۼǿߣŲҶ
̻˵ԭַ㣬Ųҽǵ飬ǵİȫвԱⳡսıȡƣ
ν˵˵ĻҲûãҲǵļǣҽץҪ˺ǣҲвַ㣬ҪƳַǱҪȻһս̫û˼ˡ
ȥɣ
ٲ֪ʱƵ󣬲һȭȭͷҪĺģȴ޷Ӧпϲ֮ʱͻȻǰʧˡ
ȷе˵еŮǰʧˡ
ĿһֱϣֻƵٵƶٶ̫죬ŮûпĶ
ȴˣЩֻһǸ˱ۣȫʢʱڵȣƶٶȲѷɫʤһ
һ̣һָ㵹١
Ҷȵһϡ
еŮ֪ǽǰδеǿˣҶ磬̻һ֣Ůˡ
֮û֣ԳݣĲ̫ܣ֮սʱԼ嵲ַǰ
Ů֮УǿһȴҲܵŮֻĿŮ֣ЩŮ֮ѾԤ֪Ľ
⵹ΪԤ˵Ԥʧˣͨ۵ĶԱȣ֣̻ҶŮٶ̫ࡣ
Ҷ磬̻Ĳ࣬ţ֮Ĳ໹ҪȻ֪ĽȴﲻǣΪȷܡ
ֻһת̻Ҷ磬һ˵ϣ漴ȡһˮˮ򷢳һ׹⣬֮ǰڵĸһˮ֮С
˵Ҳɣ
ҡҡͷЦЦֱȥ
΢΢һܹץĴ֣¶һ˿ɫУҲֻܹѡ
ղֵʱѾס·ҲΪŮǾ㲻һץˣʵȻ˹ȥ
ͷ˵벻ַߣǿŮǶǿ󣬸ղǳֵʱΪʲô֣
Щ˼˵Ҳܡ
ѵ㳤ô󣬴û˴𣿡
ͷ˵ǵģҶ̹ϣҲ̹ϣûңҲûдˣղҲǲǣĲܡ
̾Ϣǿֲܵˣóǿʳϣ
ұͲˡ
ˣԭ֮ƽ벻˶ᱻַԻ󣬲֮һУϧһͨСŮˣ
ҸоԼûʲôѽڱ֮ʱĶˡ
ҪַǿĶ࣬Ҳ㻹ֵĻҸղδܵסǡ
˵ˣĲܣ˵ûиоɱסǣҲɱǡ
΢΢һȻϵϢȴǱǰŮ⣬ŮһиַĻ˵ַܲܳڹЩŮɣ
ٴ˵䣬ߡ
Ȼٶȱȸղſ˺ܶ࣬Ȼûץ˼֪֮ԼץסŮģŮӵ˿ֻŮܣ޷࿹
ס˵ַ㣬ŮҵϣҪȻǣҪھսлҡ
жûɱ⣬ַ㲻սҲɱǣ
һὫǴ֮԰һӣַǲģ㽫Щ֮ҽڷ˳һս
˵仰ӰΪһӰʧԶ
ʱԶһ˵㣬ִˣǲ㣬ٽ㣬㡭
̾Ϣһ˵Ҳ˲ԶַϤĺĵΪʲôǲһأ


749  
ַ֮󣬼˳Ǿ칫һƬǽ壬ּ֪ַһĳڲٹ˼ϹԼˣ
һں޵˵ַ㣬Ҳãûбǡ
ַҡҡͷ˵һ޹ء
ĻҲȫǰοκ˶ֲ֪һˣҪץһ˵Ļֻڷ˳ǣҲֹʲô
ܣַҲ֪һ㣬ܹǿѣҲһܲ׵ˡ
ַͻȻһǿҵĴܸУΪԼǿˣǿǰ֪Լǲֵһᡣ
ͻȻܶŮģھĴĻһ
бźӵС¥ϣ֮ǵĪƷƣϣ֮ǵͮйԼĽûӨࡣ
ֵǷ˳ǵ٣̻ˡ
Ľе㣬㣬ٽ㣬ôˣ
ַû˵ֻ֪ǴĻͶӰǸĻûʹӫ
еǲԼ˵һŸģֻ±ȫʢʱڵۻò侲
ȻЩŮĿԲ󣬵ĸƤַܽԼŮ˵İΣڱ˵ĺϡ
ʾֵַ㶢˵ô
ϵƽȴǹƽַ㣬˵Ҫһս
ѽҪһսֻܿھˣҲץߵ˰ɣ
ǾսһЩɣ˵ǣˣǶ
ַ˵ڱҷӳǿ𣿡
ǰɣˣһɱǣ෴ʤˣȻ˻ųǡ
ַ㲻ǱҷǱǱҷ裬Ȼ֪ɱǵĿԲ󣬵Ȼᷢ裬ĽҲͬھ
ͬھĻҲ˷ųǣҵһʱһʧ
Һԣ˵սĵصʱɣ
ַ˵̹ϣҲЦˣͷ˵Ҫ״̬õҾսʱصѡżҺġ
ȴûģϣ˳¼
Щʵ㲻׼𣿡
ҵŮҲġ
ãǾڷ˳¼
ӰʧʾϣַȻĿĻ
¶˵ǵģַ֪ڳ޸սսºͣĸϻ˿һƣһϣָֻ״̬սַʤϣã
ֹջ˵ַ㣬Ҹоĳ˺ǣȫԵȵ״̬õʱ֣ڵ״̬̫ˣʺϾս
һԲ˵ʲô˵ʱָһֽѵˡ
ַҲ֪˵Ķʵ飬Ȼҡҡͷ˵ĩУǿҲʱ䣬Ҳ׼׼ڲ״̬һ˵һ죬Σˣܲ˵Լ״̬ȵԼ״̬õʱȥΣɡ
ַ˵΢΢Ǻ˵
ַ˵ҵãͬѧӣ֪ϣ˵ʵں޲þչսܹȵϣѾ͵ļˡ
ȻһģӵǣҲַ֪ǲȰģɵðԼΪʲôѧܣҪȻҲ԰ﵽַˡ
ַһ棬˿ҹɫȴûа˯˼Ҳ֪ԼȥĻһ棬ͻ¡
Ȼ뽫ԼŮ˾ȻȴҲçײ˿ںʱȻںһܼѵ飬ȴں飬ҪȻʤ㡣
ҲںҲһĶ֣ȴܱȥǿ
ַͳ飬УС飬ҹз͵߲ʹ⣬ַ
ַĿεĶ飬ģ߲ʹгβͷβ·ڳЦַԲͼ
ַһԲֻǿе飬гβʶƺĳΣյĽ٣߲ʹмζƺڸַ㲻Ҫ
ַ㿴˺þãŵ˵Ϊûа취ںֻǹȥҾûںıҪŵȵ죬ҽں㷴˵ģ
˵⻰ַеڿٵӣҲǿͬڻ̣ڵĳβԲƺоԼлɢΣգƴĺʹڵͬΰײַ㡣
ַе齥Ǹоз·һɽͬʱĸо˾޴𶯣·˿ܵ
Ȼַ˿̵ζܲܣȻһڣ·𱻴һȱڣ޴̵ͬĲһӿַڡ
ַе鿪ʼᣬϲĸоҲʧˣ֪ԼѾѹס˳βһʶڱ
еٱַȡʱڵĳβ˺򷢳ƺַͣβһǱ̲УַȫеβһҲʧ
ַֻǾȡ۳βҲãҲգһı䣬ĳβĺۼʧˣַҲȫȫ
ַ֮ҲмС˴Сʧȥй󣬱һѻɫķ˷ƷҲַ㶪˵ϡ
ַҲʼӰ˰ʮһֱǵ˾Ű㣬оŰһ·ǣǵ˾Űپʮ㡣
ַһǧĻȶ˿ַҲϬĹâ
ָ磬ĺѽ
߹ַ˵ͷ磬һҹδ˯ȴûЩ
Ĺ۲ˣжϳַһҹδ˯˿̵ַ㲻ûһƣ͸Уӡ
˵ַ㣬ǿ˽㣬ʲô
۾ҲɴˣһǿδţΪ࣬Ҳû˵鷢
ַ㵭ЦЦ˵ûʲôͷʱȥںϵʱ򣬲նһͷβ˳β
˷ܵ˵ҿָȹȥҲѷɫȻҲˣһҪúýѵһˣ
ַû˵ȫʢʱڵ۽ֵĻҲ¶ԷܾȹȥۻҪǿ
ΣҪȻԼߵŮˡ
ѺŮǣַͷһ˵һսһʤġ


750  ռ䷨
ͬ£ַ˷˳¡
˳ھ˲Ÿո𴲣Ȼһ֮䣬˳λԱץȴûڳҡ
֣ʤɣİ£̻˱ץϢѾ׷ʵ㲻ϢҲ⡣
˳ǵľѾս̻ץϢй¶ȥҲ̫𶯣Ͼ˳ǵľҪȻκһеľҪš
οַڷ˳ǣֻҪ˳ַڣ¾еĸ߹һҹ֮ȫץ˳ǵľȻӵǿս˳ǵһȻ
ַʱַˣַЦЦ˵磿
ַ˵ͷ˵ĸ硣
ӦõģҸոʶʱҾͺһսʱ̫㶯ֵĻᱻ˳ΪԴѹС
ַ˵ѵھͲԴѹСԸߵȼԪռǿߣǸռĵһֻ֣һ͵ȼ࡭
ҡҡͷ˵Ӣ۲ֳѾһǧ̫ͣҲǷëǣľսҲǹƽģԴѹС֮˵
ַ㰵ںϵһӱ˶㣬ﵽԪǿе۷״̬ڼʱַԼϢԼ̬ŵֵͣʱ򣬳öԷʱܶԷ
һ¶棬㿴ַαװʹַСͻȻ͵Ϯļƻ˿գַ㲻ףʵҸԼץҲ÷ų˰ɣ
ӿͳһžµˮǿˮзɳ䵽˼֮⣬ѸٱһƬǳǳ
СַŮδĪƷƣӨ࣬ͮԼ˳ǵ̻٣ҶŮӰС
Ҳַ㣬гַ֣˵źǣַǵĻԴƵĻַ˵Ҳ
Ƕƽ£ַųһ漴ַ˵ѾԼˣɲԷǣ
ϸһ˿΢Ц˵Ǳˮסھս֮˭ʤ˭ǶԶˮϵĿơ
ַȻǲˮ˽ƣǱһƲŻᱻ򿪣
ͷ˵ȷڿԿʼ𣿡
ַһ̣սʱԿʼ
һЦ˵õĺܣȻﵽһǧ㣬ʽ˸̫ͶǿߵУҺ֪ǲͻ˿ռ䷨򣿡
˵ĻѾͻƿռ䷨ˣ
ַ¶ȵı飬ȵıҲǷģǹװģһĩڣʮ󳬼սʿﵽһǧأʼͻƿռ䷨
ַһļǣһĩʮ꣬ȫΧڳһһǧǿߣȻǶγռ䷨򣬵ȴûһܹɹ
νռ䷨򣬱ʹȫ֮󣬼СΧķգʹЩǿߵһн뾲ֹ֮УʱڣͣͣǿŤתʱ䡣
ͻ˿ռ䷨ˣعƣΧԳˮߴĹ£ֹֻͻƿռ䷨ǿߵΧҪȻ᳹ס
ͻƿռ䷨ǿߵȫһʮֲֿ޷ͻƿռ䷨ǿ߹»ļ£ķ򶼱׸ı䡣
һĩʮ꣬ͻƿռ䷨Ҳֻһ˵ȴûܹù
ַ˿ں飬ﵽһǧͻ˿ռ䷨ǿǰҲûһ㻹֮ŮˣӣˣŮϣַֻٽûУΪпͻƵĿռ䷨
ڣȴս
Ķͻ˿ռ䷨ǿߣΪŮˣҲòƴַһ˵ͻ˿ռ䷨ֻҲ߳һ
ҵȷֻ߳һҲϣ߳һҪȻս̫įˣ
Ȼҽͻƿռ䷨ĿԲ󣬵ȻҪһս
Ǻãְɣ
ַ˵ͷû£˫֣ȳֵǸ˻ռԵƣǿߵľսУܶ˶ȡһ֣һֵ˺ôҲԶ׼
ȳֵǸˣϸռƣھҲѹסֵһͷַȳ֣Ҫ·ϱַ˼ꡣ
ӵмַŲʮ꣬ŲռַıˣŻҪַȳ
飬ַûпףҲҿף;ԼʤϣǰװʿȴԷȡ
ַ˫սϵʼᣬȫ˫֮У˾춯صһ
һĿַеıΪһɲ赲ĿΣֱϮ
ûгֻһǵͻȻɢַ㰵벻һ֣㽫˺þõһƵˡ
Цַ㣬ǿǵĻҾͶ̫ʧˣһҵĽ⣬ѵҵĽԸ𣿡
ղնһַʹһȥɱõľһնɱβõҲһ֮ǰ۽ֵʱҲùһ
֣ȻȻʹǿһֱѣַԼһȷĽ⡣
ȥڵһ콻ֵʱ򣬳ʹһһʱַоͼһںǧٴεսУǲһ
ֱӳľ񷢻ӵ˼¡
ΪԼնһ֮󣬾㲻Ҳܱ˶ԷԷһ䣬㻯ַĹƣյۣһǰҲҵ֮ƫƫַһҲκβ
ֱ˵ַžѹ
ԭԼղŵһ̥ĽղŵһȻ˺ַܶԼԽĸ򣬵ʼջûĽ⣬Żᱻһ䣬Ľײ顣
һԵи¶һ˿ɫˮڵŮùеĿ⿴ַ㡣
ڴУַеıնÿһһĿַ˼ʮ֮ݺύ棬Ϊʮű
һԵַʮҽ˺ˣɵΪַ
ˮڵŮҲǻ裬ַеıΪݺύĽס·ôȥ
ַҲ뿴ôӦԼļʮͻȻסˣǰͻȻʧˣҲǰʧˣ·ûһ
Ҳûпȥ
ַһ֪Ѿʼͻ˿ռ䷨򣬲ʹʵĳתҲ˵ַ㽣İΧУصʮ߼ʮ֮ǰʱַ㻹ûг˼ʮĽǿҲնѾص˼ʮ֮ǰ
ʹ˿ռ䷨򣬲ʼŤˣ


751  ö

ַһٴնһ漴ַӰҲʧˡ
ַȺǰʧ˵۾ɴˣǷ·𿴵˼顣
ʵ㣬ΪʲôִȺʧˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ʧյȥ˹ȥǵˣ߸棬໥֮Ҳͬ㴩Է塭
ϻ飬ص˹ȥҲɱеָ绹Ϊʲô
͵ģص˹ȥڵʧַĽҲκβ˹ȥˣȴ˷򣬿ʱصڣʱַΣˣַҲͻ˿ռ䷨Ӧһսʵ
е̻ĪƷƵ˲֪ͻƿռ䷨ôһ£ֻ֪һʧˣַҲʧˡ
ȫ亹תͷ̻˵̻㣬ҵĸ粻°ɣΪʲôͻȻʧأ
̻ɻ˵ѵַѾͻ˿ռ䷨򣬽ÿռ䣿
ĪƷҲ˵ռ䷨һ˵Ҳ֪һѴﵽɵüͷ˵˵ֻ֪Ҫﵽһ̶ȣСΧķգʹʱתʹ˻صȥһֱͻƿռ䷨һ˵˵ûܹﵽ
ͮҲͷ˵ĩ֮ǰĿѧңøֻеŽʹռͣһ룬ʵϣЩѧֻ֤ʵ㹻ǿ󣬱ͻƿռ䷨ĩǰĿѧҽ߿Ƽ޷ͻƿռ䷨ѵִ𣿡
Сδÿ϶Ŀ˵ȷִѾͻ˿ռ䷨ҪȻǵǰʧˡ
ŮҲ˵£и룬ѵַǿ󣬳Ψһһյǿߣɹص˹ȥ
ַڹȥʲô磬ʵʲôͬ
ַ㷢ԼĵطѾǷ˳ˣĵطСı³ǣϢ
ĿڴϣԼܶСʱ飬Щ߰꣬һ¶˷ܵĿ⡣
ЩǣҲǿ˺óɼҲǳζʳҲԭǲŻЦģַϳеļˣǶַһ𳤴ͬ顣
ڣַȴһ룬漴ʱЩֱͬӴϴҲ·һ
ȷЩǿַ㣬ַҲַͬȻõǣȴַϴַȻ׽κεϢ·͸ˡ
ַҲ֪ȻõǣȴʱˡڸղţȻգͻ˿ռ䷨򣬵ȴ˻ؼʮ꣬˵ԼѾµĻþ
ţַ㿴ԼĸףͻȻע⵽ĸ׵Ķͷ˲ٰ׷Ȼ֪ǰһǻþˮ
ǰһӰû̫ĸĶӡеĸһֻʱСûע⵽Լĸ׶ǰЩ׷ʮ꣬Ѿ¶̬
ַ㸸һֱ嶼ãһĿ˵صȫѹĸϣٴοˣˮʪǰĳ
ַļУΪԭ¸ڣһ˵ĸѹĿĸϣٺĸҲ¸ˡ
Ϊάƣĸ˻
ĸ֣ڽƦթ֮һһʣһǮӻȥһ죬ĸĸͬʱһ˳С
ʱַ㣬о춼ˡ
ַ㻹ûüѧĩˡ
ʱַҲοԼĩлֻǺһ֣Լĸĸĩ֮ǰûо̫Ѫȵ飬Ҳûбɥʬʬһ
ͻȻһȺɥʬ˹ַܶʱ鱻ͻ˺Ƭַ͵һ𣬵ȴûжļУĩġ
ǻСĩʮ֮ϲŻᷢЩǴ˿̲߰꣬;ĩ
ַЦҲͻ˿ռ䷨ҲԽСΧĴƭҵģֻ֪㲼µĻþ
Զû˵Щ򱻱ɥʬ˺ƬͻȻַ۾ɴˣһ̣۽ֱӱѣѪˮϣģֲ

ַٱ˹ȥԼĸ׵ɥʬצ£һһͬ޵СŮҲɥʬ˵ڵأɥʬ絶ʮֱָӴŮࡣ
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бһս
ַ˵˻ʱһվַĶ棬˰ƮƮ
״ħַ㣬ҡҡͷ˵ô㵽ڶףղŵһвҸģԼħ״̬ҽֵĻƬ֮ҷ𣿡
ַҲһһ˲˺ܶ£ղŵһжԼĻþһʼЩþСʱһģһ
Щþ⣬֮ԻΪַ̫ںЩˣЩ˳£Щ˲Ż£ղųֵĻԼֻ͵ڶԷĽˣ
ַĿ˵ɣֳʤ
ͷ˵ȥģȴͻƿռ䷨˹ҾͲûȥˣ
һնַһ¥ȺĽϣһлΪ˷棬Щ棬ַм¥Ⱥһ֮£ȴƬƬĵ
Щ¥ȺͬʱַоԼкܶԶļҲһʧˣЩ䣬Զصģȴš
ַչ˼ҵľսĽУ¥ǧƵȥַȴûг¿һۣһЩڷǣ֪ЩлûӰ죬ȥ
ַСǵĸ¥໥ԾžսԽԽңСҲд˷棬ַ˿ѾһУֻһ뷨Ǿɱ
ַӰСд壬ֳСǣڳɽ֮УɱƬƬĹǵĽƬ
ٺ˿ĺУ̤ŽµĲս

Цʹһս۽Ҷڡ
ַͷ˵Ҳǡ
˵仰ַеıâʢֱָһַ̣֪ѾԽԼԽһˡ
һĩʮ꣬ȫʮ󳬼սʿҲ޷ͻƵĿռ䷨򣬵ȴͻˣʹս


752  ԽԼȱ
һʱռ䣬ռķ飬ֵµķط·ڽл
ڹȥڣ޷ʯƾһ
ףַͻ˿ռ䷨ΪʲôֵزԽͻƿռ䷨·˺Զˡ
¶ı飬漴ıֱһأԴ˿̵ַ㣬СӦ
˿̵ףַ㲻ͻ˿ռ䷨򣬻ԽԼڳԽԼͬʱҲԽԪȱ
һûɲӣûɲٴС
սնͬһ
ַȻͻƣ϶ԽʶǸˣĽ˸Ϊ⣬һ𣬲Ŀ⡣
ǰȺɽʼҡΣԶС򳹵׵ݣ˳ɶѵķ棬ճַõļ䡣
ַıȻû˿Ķݣ˹ȥ״йϵڿСǱɷʱȻ治ɫı飬˿ַľǿ˲˼ĵز
һַʮĩĵиһŷ˳ȥҲնʷǿһַ֪޷ʤĻԺҲԶ޷ʤˡ
ļ⣬˺ǰ磬ʹǻص˷˳£صʵ֮У˶ַ໥նһ
󲻵ĽȵֵزĽγһ磬ƣȫʩչģŮо̾һռĴܣʵȻԪࡣ
ҲַһַʹӿһǷ·𿴵ĩǸֱֳɱһеˣսʤһѵսӰ
ַȥеƬƺǰһһǿĵˣ׷׵ַĽ£ЩƬӵһһĿļ⡣
̻ĪƷƣͮҶ磬ԼеŮǶһһĴ˵еǣڣȴĴ˵
ַ㻯Ϊս񣬽˵ӵ£һ˵ս磬ͻ˿ռ䷨ΣַҪƶ¹
漣һ̵˶֪ǽ֤ʲô
һ⣬Ϊഫ棬жһ⣡
ؼͻȻ˵ĿⶼַˣսѾĻַӰȻΡ
ȥеʤһַٴȡʤƺַվκεطʤĻ
ò˼Ŀ⿴еĶϽȻûκƣеıȴˣַбΪļնˡ
֪Լˣһ۽֮Ȼʱóʵۣܵ۵Ĵսûаܡ
ȴˡ
ؼվ˺þãûһ˵һ仰գ˵ղһնأ
ַͷ룬ղڳʱʲôҲû룬еֻǱʤնղһʱط·𲻴ˣ·ҲˣŮҲˣֻһʤ֧
ֻһĨ޵еļ⣬Լʤ
ѯʣַ˼֮˵ղֻʤ㣬ʲôҲû롣
ͷ˵ʵˣֻǲףղΪʲôնһһɱأлģ
ҵĶ֣ҵĳˣսʤԣȴûбҪֳ
˵仰ַ㽫Ŀ䵽еŮǵϣǵȻַȴԿǵЦı飬Ƕ˷ܵĻ֡
ַ˵ңǲǿԷųҵŮˣ
ɫҰ׵˵ԣԺҲʲôˣԺĽַֻһˡ
ַû˵ʲôѵܰοԼĶ𣬸ղˣ˵ס
һ֣סŮͻȻɢˣСӨࡢ̻ٱַ㣬˿̵ǲǴ˵һͨŮ
գַ㱧δҪַ㻳ӨãԼеЩʧ
ַܰͬʱ򻺻ȥ˿̵ҲĽˣԺĽԶַһˣֵַĵطɲеĽ㡣
ţһŮˣһƮƮģ崿ŮǸŮ峺У¶һ˿Ŀ⣬Ϊʧܶ顣
ͷһȣֱʱŶеĶ̽ǸŮȥǰ밮Ůӵ
Ůϵˮ䣬̧֣Ůߵᣬһ˵һֱҶΪΪһҵĻԵڲףĻԵ
ǸŮĻģһᶨ˵ھ͹ȥɱַ㣿
ҡҡͷ˵ΪʲôҪȥɱַأôҶһܣһԻҵˣҵˣҲ˽һԸ˵һ¡
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漴ǣ֣˵忪ʼ˷ǵĹȣ˿̵ˣϹҸ΢Цȥ£˹̡
弴ʧʱ˵ӨϤӰȴǵжԼ˵ټˣҰǣҹˣԺҽʱ

ĪƷƣַͮǰĪƷ˵Ѿǰǿ󣬾˵ϣ֮ǵѾԴΧƹ㣬Ϊ˽ĵĻҾ棬Ҳǿ֣߳һͳĵʱˣϣǻս
ַһ˵Ϊʲô˵أ
Ϊ˳ǵˣԺ˳ı棬ҲΪ¥ǵ˻øöս˵Ժս
룬Ӧûһɣ
ͮҲ˵δ人ϣ֮ǻǻǿ֮һ
˵⻰ʱͮϴޱȵĽ·˵һʵ
ַЩź˵˵ǲˣ
СҲչ˵ҲҪ뿪ˣһģڳߵĴæһȥһЩ£˳㣬ԺҲֿ
ڶһ磬ĪƷƣͮСδԻԼĳУӨȴַδޣһַء
ַ̻˵ԺӦ̫ƽ˰ɣ
̫ƽԺÿ˶кܳ·Ҫߡ

ͻȻܲһߴӰڷ˳ǵգ˺³ģһĺڰǺڰĴڣʬ֮潫ʮ˴֮һĶڰǿߡ
˽䵽˴ϣϵľ׷׶·ӣǸоǰ˼ֲ
һ֣ץһʧٽ˵ַ
ٽȻǾ֮ɫȻҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪
Ҫã
ͨ˵ֱۣһȵϽϣϽͻȻȼ˲ɻҡ


753  ڤ֮
ʲôˣȻڷ˳£
˳ļϽΧ˹һ¶棬𳤷ˣϽȻҲ֪˺ǿ󣬵ȻкܷŭΪ˴ǵĵ̡
˳ǻǿĳУǰ֮ǣϣ֮ǵǿߣ˳£ɱڴ֮ͥ½ڷ˳ǻٷ顣
Ͻһľ䣬Ǹ£һӵϣǲûеͨʿǿǰͨʿҲǰװ
Ͻڰ˰ǿߣ֮еκһˣڻУǶһķ
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ڰǿ̾һҪܰеڤ뽫Լľעһ˵ѪУǸУֻҪǸ˵ѪڰбƣԽеڤըɷĩ
ԼȥһѪأ
ڰǿߵĿͻȻ䵽ַϣȫûܵвʱҲַ⣬ڣԼпڤ֮Ĺ䣬Ȼٹַ
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ڰǿҪԼΪý飬ľעԼڣԼУʹԼеڤͬھ
Ȼ֪ڰǿ߶Լ⣬ַ㻹ǵ˵ͷƽڰǿߣԼǲòڰǿߣڸߵĻڰǿһ֮ǰɱ
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еڤڰǿߵ⣬Ӵ˶ڰǿߵĹǿȣڰǿһ߶ܿеľʯһ߿ٵıַ㡣
ڰ˼ʯ֮ڰǿڳ嵽ַĽǰݺݵĿ˰еڤܿ죬еڤַͬھˡ
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ղ˵ʱǾʹԼĺͰһЩַ͵Ϯû˿ĵ
ڰǿ߲֪˱ַ㣬ַ֪㾭ʶԶͨˡ
ַҲ˵ڰǿ߾ͨѪ֮֮Կ϶ڰǿ߶⣬ΪԷ˵ͻȻúܺͰ
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ڰǿ߿³һѪˮ֮ʹ顣
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ַһ߿ٳԶߣһ߻Ӧ˵ƥѵΪҲ֪ҪѪ֮𣿡
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ַͷ˵ðɣҼ˵ĸ㣬֪ʲôˣ㣬֪˭
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ڴ֮ǰȴַֻ֪оŰղֱеڤǣƣűַ͵Ϯ֡
˿Ҳףַ˵Լڴ󺣵ףǲ⣬󺣵ףԪյĵطȴ˵ַַػˡ
Լڴ󺣵ףϾͷЩǿߣԼڤ֮ĹΣգַļƻ֮УԼĺܺãԭһһͷβӣ
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ڰǿ³һѪˮǱַġ
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ԼɣȴҪˡ
ַٵ뿪һڸղûйеڤڤҲûжַ֣Ĵʯڰǿߡ
ڰǿַ߱˸ֱľʯ
˿ַ̣Ѿ뿪ڤĹΧҲ̫Ȼͷʱַ㿴һεĹأаϲԪżеһڤ֮Ĺˣ
벻һԼ˵һڤ֮Ĺˣں׳˯֮ڤ֮ĹҲؼˡ
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ǸϤַ΢΢һ벻ڤȻûסڰǿߣ
Զĺڰǿ߼ַվڽ֮ǰҧԼָ⣬µʲôַҪżˣ
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ַСϣȴǿȡᣬҪԼĶڰǿ߲Ÿо޷ܡ
ַЦһЦָϵһѪˮ˶͸ϣ漴ЩѪˮ·𱻸·һ㣬ٵ
һŮڤżɹ˽룿
Ҫɱ㣿
ڰǿҲַɹŭ
ԼһŬǰ˶ˣһȭҪַ󱳵ʱַӰͻȻһǰʧˡ

ڰǿ߿ǰܣԴͻȻһ͸ϣĶͷǱѪˮ
ڰǿ߱˺ݾһȭǰϴȥһ֮ϱûбڰǿߵȭͷϣѪˮ¡
ڰǿȻַ㣬ڤ֮ĹַȴԿĺڰǿߣѾ벣ϵѪ
ĺڰǿߣַżеϵͳ˵ɲһɱǸˣ


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˿̣ĺڰǿ߲ı͸ϵ棬˷ƵûӶ˫ȭôεϣ¶һŭɶģ
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ڳż֮ǰѾĹеϵͳرļԼҲڹر˼Сʱ֮ųżȻĺֽŽӲ
ڻָСʱ֮Լо弫Ϊʣڼҹ뽾磬ζһ
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ַ㾹ȻðûϳԷ˭˵ģôôһҰˡ
˼ַ㣬˳޵Ŀ⣬Ϊŭĺȵַ㣬СڿϳһΪڤ֮Ĺأ
˵ַϳ׷ɱԼĺڰǿߣڼ֮ǰڰǿϵĴȻôȴҲǰ˲˹ġ
ַſף˲˹ļһ׷ɱԼĺڰǿߣ⼸Уһ˲ٿ࣬ҪȻҲǱ
ַͷ˵ĹгԺȲһжܺã뵽ԼѾ˼ˣûؼҿŻ
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ÿ̫ʱҪһ£ҹٵʱΪʹԼ㲻ͣܣַʧ˼£ٴγʱƤȴøˣҲøˣȻڤ֮Ĺйĺܺãڰǿ߲ɵԽԽŭ
ַóĿڰǿ˵벻ļûŪ㣿
ԭһжù
ȻˣżˣֻСһɡ
ڰǿҵ˺ףַ˵Լżˣ뵽ֻҪԼץסַ㣬Աżекö
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ԼӵнǧսǿףϻбǡַԽԽԼûа󺣵һˡ
ַȻ˵ڤ֮ĹûʲôöкöĻҲûķݡ
ַ⻰ȻƭڰǿߣѾõڤ֮Ĺļӳ֣ȻûǰڰǿʲôˣڰǿȴΪΪԼַſ£ǲʵʵ˵ˣַҾȷСӣٱڤ֮Ĺʲôö
˵⻰ڰǿֱַȥ
ַ¶˲м֮ɫ˻ΪڵԼǼ֮ǰԼַһΣѾġ
ڰǿҲʶˣַеѽǷƷ
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ڰǿ΢΢һѾַԣһֱֳַץȥͼַеı
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ڰǿ߼ַеıҵĦȻ˵⣬ŸоһԸҲն˿ݵһڤ֮Ĺд˼£ַѾ̥ˣ
ڰǿȻȫһܣǰȻַݺݻһѪˮǰ£һأַһ֮ڰǿаˣղŲԼ˵Ĺ죬ֻ类ַ㿪ƶˣ
˳ʮ֮ڰǿߴеܣܣܱǿ󣿡
ַ㲢ûжǰ˽ԼΪʲôǿȤֻЦ϶ȥɡ
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761  ұ޵

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ڶĺڰǿӵмǿ޸ַһ㲻ûеɥ
ڰǿߵϵһ¶˾ֵģղ޸ؿƵͬʱڴȥڻǧҲס˻ӻ
޸ͬʱڰǿߵʵ½Ҳв
ַٴλ𽣵ʱڰǿߵ忪ʼѸٺˣʧڤ֮Ĺ
ַ𼸸ľֻȻεĸоڼ֮ǰֻбڰǿ׷ɱķݣ죬ȴ׷ıǿܶĺڰǿĶӡ
ڰǿַܱ㣬ַڷط˳ǵĻܹƵýĹŵĶҲһӵ飬ȴŹڰǿߡ
һַ̣ӰҲʧżĺף뿪ż֮ڰǿںˮм۵Ӱֽ׷˹ȥ
ַӰԼԽԽڰǿеһθо˿ֻţƴܣַȻıӰԽԽ
ˮͻȻһͷͷı캣ͻȻֱ֣ڰǿ߶ȥ
£ͷ˸еĺ֣õ˻ָﵽʷǰһǧ㡣
ԼͷĺڰǿͻȻںˮУͷ캣ʮֻ۾о˳֮ɫֱ˶ĺڰǿߣҪΪǰԼԵĴֻһ
֮ǰԼش˵ĺڻָ֮ٴγ֣ڰǿап࣬ڼ֮ǰȻشͷڤ֮Ĺд£Ϊ˶Կڤ֮ĹеļѾڲٵľַ֮ʧľҲ͸ˣûַ׷ɱҲûлͷİա
οڣַͷл

ڰǿ͵һܣͷ˹ȥ
ͷʱȻŭΪ˱֮ǰͷĳޣϧԼ֣ͬͨͬѪ⣬Ŵﵽʷǰǿ
ΪԼԱʱ򣬺ڰǿȴսӡ
ͷ̫ںˮеͷԵüΪѣŲϵĺУͷĺеͬʱΧĺˮ˹Ƶķ
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ȻҲ֪ͷԴ󣬵ȴɱڰǿߣڰǿˣӭһķ񱨸
Ȼɱ˺ڰǿҲһıպȴһֱ֣ڰǿ߶ȥ
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ַ㿴ͷһۣԼȥѾĸˣȴԼԼˣ
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ʱַˣӳһΧĺˮ㱻γСΧգеı·˻صֱıȥ
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ڴ֮ǰͷոһǧһǧҲΪڵԼ½һַնһնɱͷ
Զڰǿ߶پֽű벻ַ˿ֲ
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ڰǿ߾Ȼ˲Լ壬Ҳͬʯͷ˺ס
ַһкˮٵתγһڵռ䣬漴ַ㳤һ֮£شǧֵغ壬ȺĳǸռڡ
ϷĿռ仺رգһָ±ַϣַҲ䵽˺ףվڰǿߵĶ档
ڰǿߵٴ¶־ı飬Щ״ε˵ַ㡭֪ɱҡ㲻ɱҡǽʬʮλ֮һɱң밵һ˲ݵ𣿡
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ַӵųƲڵĽڰǿҲŭǧǿ˵ŵһ仰޷һ仰̫͵ǿߣҲǽַȴĶʦڰǿ߽ܲˡ
ַ㣬Ȼȴ޵Уɱңҵʦʦܻжʦɱ㣿
ˢ
ַû˵еıһӣ㽫ĺڰǿնΪΣ֮ǰྴη̸֮ɫĶڰǿߣַһնΪ롣
ҪǿĶڰǿߣûַ֮䷢һĴսַ䣬һС
һսһ㲻ϼҵĴսȴǺǣĵһսַӵ˾ڸ߸߾𽣵ͬʱѾעˡ
ڰǿ˵ĺѪȾΧһĺˮַ㿴˲Զʬһۣ˱Ȼ˵һұ޵У

ַٴγ˷˳ǣҶ綼̲סϲõˮһԼǿƵ̻Ҳˮ䡣
Өǿ޵滨꣬п˶ϧֻȻƽģᣬȴһ㽫ַһĸˡ
ַαĶԵŮ˵⼸ڴ󺣵׵һżйĺܺã⼸µʱΪҵ£Ҫڴˡ

ַŴӴص˳ǣһն˽ʬ֮潫״ӣһնһͷһǧı̶̼Сʱ㴫ģ˰ҲյǲŵϢ
ŷ˴½½ǿڵõϢ֮󣬾ȻһԲ·֪Ĵ½Ҫˣֻܱ
ڵַ֪ŻϢ֮ЦҾ֪ҵϻˣں״˼£ȴһǲ̫̬ˣ
вͮڵõϢ֮Ȼ˵ͮ˵Ȼȥ
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ѾصǵС¶ŻԽԽɰδ˵δַһԶĽڣǾδ


762  ħ
˼֮˶ΪַѾ˴ףַȴٴһֲ˼̬ǰ
ÿһβͬǣһַ𺳣ɳκһΡ
һΣַڶ̶̼µʱʹԼǧ㣬ĿǰĻȫκһطֻҪһһǧǿߣһֵҫ飬Щǿ߻һǧΪ٣մմϲȴʧ˼µַ㣬һӴﵽǧʵĳԽˡ
ȫĿⶼ˶ķ˳ǣ֪ʲôвսʤ
ַٴλعӰ죬ĪƷͳθȹ̣˶ַ֪ĪƷƵˣֻҪǶĪƷƣַҲŹǣַ۳κεطκεطǿ߶ʧ
ǣڻϿҲõ˹̣ǿߣ󲿷Ҳַ֪һʮ̵ֻˣֻҪںľжܵԴĻַǵĽ飬ԲԹۡ
֮һЩаԽп࣬Ϊʲôַһ˱̬ļһĩһ٣֮ϡ
ַ㣬ֳ˳ϣĪƷƣ̻С̬ЩȻûַѲҲǺǵĽɫлиơ
Ҳ˶ַ㣬ڻ⣬в뿴ַЦǸΪַԽߣˤԽݵˡ
ַɱ˽һӣȻǽеõһַɱڰǿߣڴ˽еӵǾԹ۵ģЩ˴󲿷ֶӵǧϵΪǧϣɱַ⡣
һ˵ַɱ˽еӣҲַưոݣַ㲻ڽĵϣҲڽ֮֡
ַʧٺļضһƬսУֱַ´Ӵ󺣵׷أزٴλָƽ
ϸصǿ߶룬ëѽԼֻҪַԼأԼҲֻи׳ƳһС
綼ƽˣҲ֪ⶼǱ
֮ǰֶݵƽļ籩ַ꣬ɱ˽Ĺŵӣڵ磬˳Ǻܿ⵽ǿߵ
һЩԻеֻҪ˳ǵַһǱԳַ󣬻Ĵҵʱ̣ѻĵĿƣһٻɱĪƷƣ졣
һУҪȵַ

УʮߴӰһ
һƯЩ޵Ů˵ʮ˵ȻһʦֵܿԴɱȴûʸ񣿡
һŹĳ˵ʮ˵ԼǸɱС£ȴʦֵܣǲʮ˵ֻһĻ˻Ϊİһ嶼ġ
һĸߴ˵鱾ͲַۣɱǵʦܣɱַҲˣǻòĻߵŮһɱˡ
ĸߴĽеĹŵеĴʦ֣һһԾŶڴʦ˵仰֮˶˵ˡ
ģ޵ŮˣҲеĶʦĽӿڵҾõɱַŮˣΪСʦܵ
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˳ڣϲҲףڰǿߵıܿᵽ뵽ĩַһ𣬾ôļ࣬ѵɲǰһ
ַַԼѾˣַڴ󺣵ʧ˼µĻ֮͸̸ۼˡ
ַٴλص˳ǣȻϷŹַ㣬ӱŮҪһ˫۾ᣬʵϺҰַҲԼ
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Լһ֮ڽ˶ȢˣԼȴģ˵ʲôҲܲˡ
кĻԵú˱ˣʹһЩŮˣ罫һ£ϾıҪˡ
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Ůûжʼ
һֱַ㲻ڵӣֻҪ˳£սһߣǿˣڷ˳ǵǿˡ

ĳ磬õͻȻܲͻȻͻȻ˷˳ǵգ˵ǣлƯʮߴӰЩŮĿӷ˳̧ͷȥ·ħͻȻ١
һߴڰȵַϽ
ַ㣬
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ַԵŮǷ׷ױɫַһȻ˵ˡ


763  ն
ַһݵ˷˳ǵĹ㳡ϣеʮڰǿߵĿֶַһƽ
ַŮҲһƽ֪ǾŻǳϿֶ޲һȥһС
ĩĲַ㣬ַߵˣҪ˵ڰǿ߽٣˿̰ǿ߽٣ַߵҲƽĴ֮
ַһԾڿնԾ˰գʮڰǿм䣬˿̣˳ǵŮ׾ܵ˴ϣ㳡ϣעⳡ춯صľս
һЩ˵սʿѾеʮڰǿ߸ֲַȻǿȴδôڰǿߵĶ֡
ңЩеκһˣҲвַַˣֻ·˳Ҳˣǵ϶ʱ֮ɫ
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Ů˵ŪɫŮ˲ַϲͣȴҲòϣŮĺƯǲ̻˿̳Էַ㣬ȴʹַѿ
ڰǿ߷׷״ЦֻдʦȻֺ˪ڲͬĳӡ
ַΧʮڰǿ߸ǧϵ˿̵ַȴû¶˿ĵӣΧĺڰǿһַۣ˵ϲ԰⵹ԳԵһֻȻһֻĻ
ַ˵ֻʵһֻ۶ôߴҲӱϿгɰ׹ǵ³ڰǿ⻰ȴ׷ױɫַ
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ڰǿеĶʦеĺһͻȻһ붾ߵĳֱַȥ
ַ΢΢һ޵Ů˿ģ벻ͻȻ䳤ĺѸϮַǰ
һУַеıݺն˺ɫϣַ㾪ǣ޼᲻ݵıȻû϶ԷĳǰѱС
ַ޷еıŮӵĺгٺڰǿٴδЦ
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ʲôʦˮʦֶԲסǲģʦˮеĺԳΪ˫ʦˮֻܲʦһˣеĺȴԱһۡ
ʦȻŮӵĹϵʦܵĳЦ֮Ҳûֻ¶һ΢Ц
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ַ㷢һŭյƶ飬һǿеıУ綾߰סַбĺͻȻըмʵ㽵䵽˷˳ڡ
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ַ߼ƣУӦһΪϧˣҪȻҲŮˣŮӵȴܺһȥ˿Ŀɿڴ
벻ַ˵ĻݣԶƯŮ˺ϧ¶֣
ǿеĴʦղȥŮӹϵѾһǧ꣬ȴѾ
һޱȵĴʦֵĶͷȵɱַ㣬ɱ˷˳ˣΪʦñ𡣡
ڰǿߵĴʦֻδ䣬һһڰǿһǹֱַȥһҲʹǹַֻһۣ㿴˱ǿ̫ࡣ
˽ֵĻһ棬˵ǹ£ǿĲǹǴﵽ޷ĵز
磬ǵһǹ
ַѾУĽǰʱڰǿߵĳǹǹѾַĽ棬ڳǹַ㽣еʱ̣ǹĺڰǿߵ¶һ˿̵΢Ц
ڰǿߵĳǹԴκηַҲæңýеסǹ⣬ǹԺ͵ײַеıһǹ̴Է壬ַ顣
ڰǿߵϣ¶һ־ı飬õСʦˣղŵʱĴʦҲˣڣȴлɱַ㣬ͣһ˷ܡ
ڰǿҲҲΪַˣ˳ǵľ񿴵ǹĺڰǿ׺ǵһᵽɤۡ
԰ķ˳Ǿڴϣ¥ϣڹ㳡ϣ׷ΪַȲʼ͡
һ̵Ľʹеĺڰǿ߶Щ⣬ǹĺڰǿеĳǹûеַеı˵̶˰УͬһĻ档
ַֻ㲻⣬ڰǿ֪Լıʷǰżȫʮ֮һͲˣ
ַͻȻһصĻ˱ĽϣһƣҲʹȫԶĺڰǿǿһͷˮǲַΪʲô
ַеıڰǿ߳ǹһԼٴһƣһеı۶ϲŹأ
ϣ֮УڰǿеĳǹͻȻ˹ΣųǹܵѹԽԽǿǹǹǿߵͬƤ㵹˳ȥ
ûǹĺڰǿߵȶַѾݵǰһն䣬ǹڰǿߵͷ­ֱӱɣѪˮ磬˵Դ壬ͬһ˲ӿˤȥһѵࡣ
ڰǿеĴʦеɱͻȻŨȵŸʲôȥն


764  ڰ֮
˸֮䣬ڰǿһַ㡣
ַٴγݵڰǿڰǿߵؿһֲѪַб޴ĳ֮£ڰǿǻ˲䱻ȫ顣
ڰǿߴӰˤȥһǿߵо¶ŵĿ⣬ÿ˶ǧҳһҲַ㡣
Ƭ֮䣬ڰǿȺ䡣
סĺڰǿ߸ǴвܣǲַڱǵΧ֮󻹻ַͣ㱻ΧסȴȻɱеĺܶˡ
Щ˾ֲַٴγͬڰдƬ֮䣬ڰǿ߱ɱ
ڴ׵ڰǿߣʮ˸״ӻϵģֻʣ¾Ÿˡ
˳ǵľַͣ춯أһĸ̻Ҳַڷķ
еĺڰǿߣһǷ˳ǵǿ߿֮ģǣӵǧĺڰǿߣͬĴײһ㣬Ƭ֮㱻ַɱ˰˸
ŮУǿ֮ǿ˿Ȼ޷սеַᲢۣǾ죬Լں֮Ȼַ֮мĲࡣ
ЩƲ֣ףԼ˴ǳ࣬ԼһֱмŬ˵ַ㲻⣬Ľȴַ֮ĲԽԽ
Ѫսַ㣬ףôŬҲֻ׷ַ·ϣȴԶ޷ԽԷ
ͬսʣµĺڰǿ߶ŭˣλڰǿߵĴʦȴûһ̣ƺԼӵСʦõеֻ˷ܡ
λڰǿߴʦֵУ·һλĹһˣǧˣʼûһλдĶַ֣ڴ󺣵ɱСʦܣҲȻûнַ㵱¡
ԼжλʦʦַϣȴĵЦˣ죬һλǿˡ
Сʱ֮󣬰еĺڰǿ䣬ֻλʦַ໥ӡ
ַ¶صı飬ղʮڰǿ߼һҲǰڰǿ
ַսûнǸոտʼ
ڰǿЦһԳΪֵˣˣѾһǧûˣ֪еĸ𣿡
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