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1 ΪҶĻ
һƽԭһɸֽɵĽ̾
￴ȴԵúƾɡ
ӲݺͭأǴɼĶϱڲкһȥκ˶жһѷû˾סĵطϾĻʵ̫ˣκһĳˢпʹﳹ׵ĵ
ȻһΣ¥ҪΣհٱĽȴһ˴
ֻƾɵĴŹսǴһɫսĿ
ӵ࿴ΪƽһŴڻһͷҵ鷢ٿԴȻһ䲢̫꣬Ҳʮ߰ң˿ĻͲΪˡ
Ϊ˿ȻǱĿﵫȴ¶һͬʮֲʡ
һֳʣֻоĥŻ߱ʣҲʹһۿȥ쳣
ȻΪҪȴ䣬ЯĶ
ǹѴɫӵ֮ƵɳĮ֮ӥ̾
ɫĽ˶Լɢĺʹ˶ɳĮ֮ӥһۿȥƷǽֱߵߡ
˿ǳȥĻǲ˳ԾģһĴɱ
˴ɱɳĮ֮ӥֱԺԲơ
M99ѻǹһսװֱĳѻǹ˿˼ֲĴɱڷǽǴϸȥĻͻᷢһ˼飬˴ɱǹϻ֡
֪һ°ǹ֮˶ԼΪǹ֧ϿԼ֣Ȼ֪θ㵽Ѱصģɣǹ̵֡
ҶĻ֡
ˣˣˡ
ͻȻһ𶯵΢ˣԶĳֶ߿񱼶ƵأͬʱҲԼ˫ۡ
ˡ
һ¶ǹʮֲչ¶ɣ˿ҶĻһڵȵԼһһЦ
ǣǣǡ
ǹ˨ҶĻ˲Լȡ˿ֵİأǹ˨
ſԲᳬʮҶĻȴͬһþֱһһΪĶ˴ſڵĶ׷˾ѻ䶯֮׼ֱ̿顣
ˣˣˡ
˳Űص׼ȥҶĻԼĿꡣ
ͷҰͷͼΪҰ
֪һҰ峤90200֮䣬80100֮䣬ȻֻҰȴֻͬҰĿԷ峤Ҳװ룬ظǲһʮǾԵ쳣̬쳣Ļǵͣǵı
ֻֻҰıȻһĹʵ̣쳣ġ
Ȼ˳׼ֻ쳣ҰҶĻȴû¶κξɫϷ˿˿ϲ⡣
Ȼֻǣ̵һЩ졣
΢΢һЦֻҰĳҶĻԵúϲ
ٽЩٽЩҾܿǹˡ
˽еǹУҶĻֻҰڿټţڼž롣
ˣˣˡ
ͻȻֻҰŵʲôʮǵĶһӿ˲ҶĻ߿𶯵Ϊˡ
顣
΢̣ҶĻ˰ؿǹ֮ʱǾ޴촫ҶĻĶУͬʱһɴ̱ǵĻҩζҲ˿
𣬺𡣡
ŭһֻڼٱеҰӵĲ棬Ȼ˾鷢ˣ䴩ְֱӵȻ޷ɱͷҰͷҰԣһֻҰĿͨĳҶĻ߿񱼶ٶһ˲Ҳ
˿ֻҰٶȾԳԽҰļޣﵽ˿ͨҰٶȵ࣬ٶĻֻҰֻҪʮʱԳ嵽ҶĻǰ
ͬʱҰԵŭһֻҰҲŷˣֻҰһͬͨҰļٶȳҶĻ
ʮ룬ҶĻֻӵʮʱ䣬ʮһֻҰܳ嵽ǰ
Ұǰһǹһֻ嵽ҶĻǰĻҶĻɾΣˡ
˿̵ҶĻȴûг˿ŵƽ
飬飬顣
ǹ˨׼ǹһϵжҶĻˮһĿչˡ
ʮ룬ʮӵʱҶĻһ4ǹÿһǹǰͷҰϡ
ڣڰǿֲǰֻҰˣ5ӵɰֲֿĴɱ5ӵŽһֻҰֻҰ֮ǿѾԶԶĳ˵ⷶΧ
˿ҶĻΣȴûнΪһֻҰˣֻҰֻҪӵʱܹ嵽ҶĻǰ
顣
ɫƽҶĻٴǹ˨ְҵֱĶ֣⼸ӵĹҶĻٴδһǹӵֻҰϽһѪ
𡣡
ŭֻҰͬȥֻһǿһǹ޷ɱԣŭһֻҰ嵽ҶĻǰ
쳣ǿҲʹֻҰӵױȵķＡ⣬ټ֮ǿҰٶȣʱҪ˵ǰվһˣһӺˮǽҲסֻҰ
ҶĻǱֻҰײĻԱɡ
ǣ档
ۿֻҰҪײҶĻȴɲκνŵ̬¶һ˿ЦƶֻҰĳײ˿Ƶء
ಡ
ˣֻҰײҶĻ֮ʱҶĻˡ
ֻҶĻһֻԳһֻҰ˲һԾֻҰͷ˹ȥ
ֻҰжߣ1.5ңҶĻ˶ߣס
׻ҶĻŰĴɱģҶĻһѾԽЩ˹ھԴ弫ޡ
顣
ǹһԾҰҶĻûκԥض׼ֻҰıһǹ
˽°صı̬ﵽ˰ٷ֮һٵ֣һ˶ѪֻҰı
𣬺𣬺𡣡
˽밤˰һǹֻҰȻʹ֣Եŭ𲻶дŭ֮µҰͷתٴγҶĻײ˹ȥ
ǣǡ
ɫƽֻҰĶγҶĻٴοǹˣҶĻõǹȴǰأӵ֮ƵɳĮ֮ӥ
ֻҰıһǹ֮ҶĻѾرȡ˶ɳĮ֮ӥ
飬飬飬顣
Ծڿգת׼ǹǹ
ҰٴγҶĻпǹܹ˲ӵʱ䣬ʱҶĻѾɳĮ֮ӥеӵ
顣
ҶĻͬҰͬʱҰ


2 
ѪʮĸѪֻҰͷҪҲʮĸѪҪֻҰ
˵ʮĸѪҶĻеɳĮ֮ӥģΪɳĮ֮ӥװҲʮķ
ȻɳĮ֮ӥж˶ֻһģĴ𰸣Եļӳǹ֮ɳĮ֮ӥ̿Դﵽ200ףһǹܹ׽һͷһص¹ɱǹ֮
ӵдͬʱɳĮ֮ӥǹȴӵһȱݣǿĺǹڸո֮ʱһʹǹǹ淶ڴһǹ֮㱻ӵǿ۶ɴ˿ɼɳĮ֮ӥǿ
ʹǹʱ򶼻˫й̶ϾֳǹĻǿֲĺһͨ޷
Ҳǹĺ⼴һЩҵֱΪҲֻ䱸һѶѣΪֱҲ޷ͬʱֳɳĮ֮ӥĿо׼Ĵ
ɳĮ֮ӥǿֲĺҶĻȴʧһ㡣
ӵʱҶĻ14ӵɳĮ֮ӥеӵȫ˳ȥʮķӵȫĿֻ꣬ҰͷҪҪ֪ҶĻڿǹ֮ʱڿаҲ˵ⲻӵʱҶĻȻԼ˫ȫɳĮ֮ӥ14οֲ
ǿıҶĻѾļޡ
ǣǣǡ
ڻɱ֮ҶĻûмǰԼվԭشԼóһЩӵɳĮ֮ӥװ˵ҩ
ջ㲻ֻҰװӵǹŻ֮ҶĻŶԼ
ҰֻҰ֡
ããټƤĻӦϲǮڵϵҰʬҶĻǳһ˿΢Цջ㲻
ҶĻԼóһѻҰɫľݶҰʬæ
ϾֻҰƤǿʵ̫̬ˣǰֱı̬ѻǹҲ޷һǹɱԶֻҰʬһذ׻û취Ҳֻþֶˡ
ʮ֮ҶĻٴվ˿ѾֻҰֽĲˣҶĻȴֻȡֻҰʬϵϵĵ̣ߵƤ
ҶĻߵ˱ðɱĵһֻҰǰٴλ˶ʮȡֻҰϵĵ̣ԼƤ
õĵ̶ֻ̣ȲһƤ1000Ӧòʲô¡ԼƤʱİҶĻ˵
ҽĿ֧ҲСѻ7ǹӵ14ӵļֵ10ǮС׬һʡ
˿ҶĻеĻóΪǺεȵĽڼ󣬶ڿ֧ԼļǺεȵľ׼
ЩûоĥĻǲ˾ϸġ
ʱҲˣûȥˡ
̧ҶĻ˿Լϵ˶ֱ
233֡
ҶĻ̤˻ؼҵ·ȳȴԵΪ졣
һ䲢̫ȴʵ걳һѾþѻǹһѪİЦĶڻҰ֮ϣôôо졣
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˫ҶĻ˳ԼԶĶһʬ壬ҶĻ˵γɳĮ֮ӥſԭء
ΪʬҲʹΣյٽ
˳ԭ·أ·Сʱ֮ǰŸո߹һ飬Ǹʱûκʬ壬ȴһʬҲͱ˴ʱӦСʱ֮ڣȻһ֪ʲôԭʹﵫԿ϶һ飬ǱصСʱ֮ڷģһСʱ֮ǰĻҲͰˣǸոշĻ
˫ۣҶĻֳ˫ǹſԭһɨԼΧĻŬҪҳʲôʹ·ͻȻһʬ塣
ҶĻǽŵɫõһ˿⣬̽ȷ⸽ûκΣա
ûʲôΣա
һҶĻɳĮ֮ӥ·Ż䣬ҶĻŲԶǾʬһ±˹ȥ
ߵǰҶĻſʬľݡ
ȥһӣһΪӢɫսڶʮҵӣҶĻɻȴϵ˿ڡ
˿ڣΪѲǳɱ
ҶĻʬϵ˿ڡ
ɢɢϸ˿ڱ鲼ʬ壬жʮÿһ˿ǴСǳһģһͬһʱ䱻ʮͬʱһ㡣
ҶĻļ⸽ûκһܹ˺Ҳ˵˲֣֮Ӧ˵⸽֮֡
֣ǵĽشɱĻҲ඼ǹģ˿ڵǡüͷҶĻԺгһ󵨵Ĳ롣
ûҶĻԼĲȥһȴӳ
ǹʬһǹڷ
ǹͼ죬ǹСҶĻĴھɳĮ֮ӥҪ1.3ңǹԿԳ֮ΪڣȻǹΪȴǵǵǹܺͿھ
˵һһ֧ǹǹԽǴ׳ھҲԽ󣬵ǹȴȫ߸ˡ
ҶĻɳĮ֮ӥ0.5ӢھģھɳĮ֮ӥȻǹҲֵģǹǹȴҶĻɳĮ֮ӥҪ1.3ңǵĿھЩˣǹ˵ûпھ
ΪǵǹҲͱͨ廨ܴôһ㣬ھܹʲôӵ
ԲŻ˵ǹͼ졣
ǰҶĻʬĿⲢûзǹֱ˿ҶĻſǣڿѼǹ֮ҶĻıȴԭɻתΪ𾪣𾪡
ת֣ǳԽͨųƽרתǹɴ˫ҶĻ𾪵˵ǹ֡
ܹӵתǹҲ˵ǽߡ
ת˲֮ҶĻ³ʬʵݣ˿ҶĻʬѾסˡ
ǵĽＸÿ춼ȥҶĻ⼸ﲻ֪ʬˣൽѾľˣ˿ҶĻڵ֪ʬʵ֮ȴ𾪵С
ߣָ߸ǿޱȵĴھȻˣʬǰ
ʲôҪͨĴڣ൱ľӢҲǵĴܹԼ
ΪߣҪʷıֱ˵ˡ


3 ֱ
ֱ䣬ʷΪƴһΣҲΣʹȫµʱ
࣬һźƽȴֲԷٽս壬Ϊս಻ϵĽƼĽҵĽ
2067422գһȫĵӡ
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ͬǰսÿһζҪʱŵԽսʱ伫Ϊݡ
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Ȼսʼĵ42һȴȫȫǴʹֽ
ƼʷΪΰĲĽٶȻҲױȵģ2067꣬ĿƼѾչ˷ǳĵزͬʱĳڵоϰҲչһԶĵزڣѾзߵ
ֵز֮ɵĺҲֻһ֡
ʧأ׵ʧء
ΪӮô˴սϧһд۽зϰó֮ڷˡ
ڵĴȾĻЩķѧʱϰзĲڱˣòĿơ
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ATĿֲ֮ԶԶسзǵЩз˭Ҳ뵽ԼֽܹһеĲ
ΪAT߱˴Ⱦԣֲ׵ĴȾԣˮʳܹӴһоȻȫܹΪATĴȾ
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ʮ죬ʮʱATϯ
ͬʱҲʶ²ˣΪЩATϯͬʱȻ˳źʹһֲּٶȳȫӶȥ
ȻʱսòˣǶʼ˼ŸλⳡֲĲ籩
ȻȫǸеǰƼΪĹھȻûκһܹڶʱóЧذ취ֹЩĴ
һɿֻŵϢڼڱ鲼ȫ硣
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ĵĿıΪӮսӮսΪЧֶαɱˣҲ˵ĿıΪɱˣATĲԭûǱ̳ܹɱˣھ֮ATɱֶȴԭĿ
꣬ʱǱ޿ײAT£ʱҲ֮ΪĴֱ䡣
2067ȫ˿ԼΪ81ڡ
2069꣬ȫ˿ԼΪ26ڡ
ⳡʷǰĲΣಢûȫ൱л˻ˣȥ55ڶֻ࣬26ڡ
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ⳡʷǰĴֱ»ǽˡ
ԶʱڻԳ࣬ʱ࣬ǧǰĽȴ֪ΪֹͣˣڴֱĴ̼ĪĻȻٴγ˽
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һ಻ܹѱ鲼ȫATǵҲ˲˼ĸı䡣
֪ӵм޵ģһҲǺܸߣҽȴԼʾȻ֪ΪγԽļޡ
20695£ͳƷǻƽȫ֮ǰҡ
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δ֮ǰʱȻ˫˽֮أЩԾࡣ
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ֱ˿ǲžֵķһ飬ڲǵϵİˡ
Ϊϵʵ̫ˣൽ޷ĿĵزЩ൱֪жǾνǿ
ǻǲԼΪݣΪ໹ĵƣ˵
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õһ߲֮еͬǿ޾չĴս
һ2070꣬ҲǹԪһꡣ
ĩ1ꡣ
ͬǳ1ս֮26ֻʣ20ڣǵϵȴ˿٣ͬʱ淶ΧҲٵǰ֮һ󲿷ֶ๥ռˡ
Ҳǿʹǿĩյ٣һ꣬ĩ1ꡣ
һͬҲıҪһꡣ
ߣ൱е֮ľӢҲһֵġ
νߣܼ򵥣ѾĻٴνʸ񱻳֮ΪߣͬһڳõɱڵĻٴηĪĽǿޱȡ
һԾʮףǧָѾȫ࿴ܣֻ׫дС˵е˽ߵϣЩߵʺƳһǿ˷ָĵز
Щӵг֮ܵĽߵĳۿҪİֳܾһ˿ϣͬĴսٴչˡ
ֱꡣ
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ΪûֹͣǿƼĽĽĽ
ھ127ķս֮ҲһЩµֻڽЩսǿڵ
սǹս


4 ǹս
սǹսǶڽྫӢһֳƺҲ˵ǽǵսʽ֡
ս˼ʹսĽǵĳƺ
ϾȫµĻϾٴνǿڣǵʱֻڴֱ֮´ǲ֪Ҫǿٱǵһ˵ʿһЩ࣬Ҳ˵Щͬӵĺ
ǿʹͬжսЩǶԾͬצһޱҪ
ĩոոտʼǼʮ굱ʹսǽΨһսʽǸʱûνıսǹս֮֡
ǹսҲܼ򵥣ͬսһʹǹ֧սĽߣʹõǹ֧ȴͬͨʹõģʹõǹΪתǹ
תǹһĩֵ֮ȫҲǽߵר
ĩ13꣬ϵһתǹˣһΪɱתǹǹзһλѧңȻɱ֮ʱȴܵ˼˵ɺͳЦ
ΪɱȫƷǹ֧һۡ
֪ǹɱӵӵɱڻҩǹ߿۶ʹû׵׻ӵеĻҩըñը˲ӵƳǹܡ
ȻɱȴȫƷһۡ
ɱװӵͬڵֵκһӵӵоȻûлҩǹеӵѾѳӵķ룬ϸ˵ɱװĲӵһָĺϽ롣
Ҳӵɱ幹һ־Ȼû˿ԭװãҲ˵ɱǷ޷ӵôҪǹʲôãڵʱɱ֮ʱѧȴĴ𰸡
ɱΪؼ֮ڲṹڲṹͬκǹ֧ڲֻӵһΪתֵѧתװá
ѧתװ˵Ҳǳļ򵥣ǽڰתǹڲײϡ
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˵ǸܸԭҲΪҲǳԣǹ㹻ӲֻҪڰôϱɱӵҲ
ȻһѴеɱȴλѧҼΪͬеЦϡ
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ȣǹǸõģǸõģҪɱеĸ뷢ӳѷͨǹҪһ˲ɱİǿײײҪǿıԣ⻹ֻǷӳѷɫͨǹ
ҪɱӳԶͨǹڳԽôڰϵ˲䱬Ҫ
˵ָ۶ģָӵô˲䱬𣿻еҲδӵаɡ
Σǹʵ̫ˡ
зΪܹӵϵĿֲȻʹ˵ʱΪԼӲĽZ5ѺϽǹ۸ߴ100Ӣ
ɱո֮ʱзܵ˼ͬеĳЦϾǿ۶ǹİûмܹ˵ӳӦеˡ
һֱĩ1447š
Ϊһһʷϵĵһתǹ
һߣһһԶ󿰱ȳ˵Ľߡ
ĩ1761ա
ǹս

߾ȻһǹսԺһϵйǹսߵϣҶĻŴסˡ
ߣҪͨĴڣǿĴʣǰҶĻڼͨ˶ͬһۣǿΪҪûǵĻڵˡ
ǹսˣǵĽȥұҪϽȥƬҶĻ˹ҶĻĵһӦǻȥ
һǹսʬ壬ǳʲôԭǹսĵȷȷҲͱʹǹսĶⲻԶϾǹսȥʱСʱ֮ڵġ
ǹսĵ໹̶ֲ࣬ҲҶĻܹжԵģ˿ҶĻǼĻʱпܻδ֪Σա
ôߵĻҪߣɾЩǲˡ˽ɫѾ뿪ҶĻǹսߵתǹ
תǹǽߵרͨ˼ҲûãҶĻȴŹתǹҲһǹ֮ˣûȥȨղƷҲá
ȻתǹҶĻȻ޳ĶѾȥǹսϾǹսô˵Ҳĸ߶˴ڣǺǮ
˵߶Ǯһһҡҡͷ֮ҶĻǹսϾȻëûУȥתǹ֮ԼС
ˣǸϽȥĺã֪ɱһﻹڲ⸽
εҡҡͷҶĻ˶תǹ֮ٴ̤˻ؼҵ·

ҶĻٴ̤ϻؼҵ·֮ʱǵĽⲿҲӰ
ôɱûС
ˡ
ʲô㵽ôģȻŪ©ӣҪ֪һҪһɱܽܣһܳȥĻǿɾ鷳ˡ
ߣҶ֣ģʲôʱһʧ֣֮ǰҵϴ˶ʮһ˿ڣԼҲ˶á
֡ǣҾͷˣʵҪ˵ִжʮһΣһҲҪҲȲ
໥һӵ˵ͷ뿪ﳯŻҰ񱼶ȥ
˵ݣԿ϶ǽߣΪڽ֮ĻҰҲֻн

ڵˡ
ٴ̤ϻؼ·ҶĻΪԼС벻ӿ˲ԭҪһСʱܹ·񲻹Сʱ㱻ҶĻˣ˿ҶĻĿĵأǡ
ӳҶĻıһߵĸߴǽЩǽƹŴĳǽһ㽫ǰУȻЩǽΪ˱סġ
ڿЩǽ֮ҶĻеΣҲԼһЩ
ϣⲻҶĻչô簡˿̣վڳſڴһֲֳǹɫսڿҶĻ֮Цź˳
Ǻǣ磬ЩˣԽҲ硣ˣҶĻЦ˹ȥ
ôСӱϵİջӦòɡ
ƣŵִԱԴ3ǰһγԿʼҶĻʶҲˣƶҶĻÿջҲ˽⣬ڿҶĻǹҵİ֪֮ҶĻûаһˡ


5 תǹ
ǺǣԣֻҰջҶĻԭΪǹս֮ЩҲһɨգջȷʵܲ
аСӽˣڽȻܹһֻҰܹС׬һʡҶĻȻջƲЩȡ
ҶĻÿγԵջǼΪ˽ġ
ƽÿҶĻһνԣƽÿҶĻܹõһֻҲ˵ҶĻÿһڲܹŪһֻѣҶĻһԵֻҰѾҶĻƷ󱬷ˡ
ϾҶĻͨ˵ԷΧֻǵĽѣǲܶ߳ġ
ڽﱾ㲻࣬һҪעʱԼϾڻǴҶĻͨɵ൱ģҲҶĻÿγǶһܹŪ
׬ʲô׬ҵֲǲֻ֪ҰˮнЦһҶĻҡҡͷ
㣬ǺαءҶĻĴҲЦһܵܵ츳ȷʵҲֵҪ֪㲢ǽߣǵĻ˵͡
磬˵ˣ縸ֻһЩӦˡ̧֣ҶĻֹסƵĻ֮˿϶֮⣬˵ˣȥĻ˵컹ܳΪء
ˣʱҲû˭ȰסСӡҶĻһļҲ֪Լֻڶѿˡ
ˣ磬Ƚˣġ
ţû⡣
ҶĻ㲽˳š
ӦòʲôͳУȻʵȴȴǡǡ෴
ҶĻ֮ӳıǿʮ׵ĽֵԼֵһŸƵĴ¥һۿȥǸ˵ĸоͬĩ֮ǰٵĴһ㵽Ÿ¥á
ȻǰһȴͬҶĻԵﲢڵסĵط
Ľֵת䣬ٴСһ˴ԼʮӵʱҶĻԼסĵط
ĩ֮ǰÿһ֮жӵһЩưܵĵطľɫͬи룬ȻĳЩطҲ֮ΪƶߣҶĻסĵطȴƲƶߣҲûôƶֻΪƾɰˡ
ʮͷƾɵľ¥ʮӵţһۿȥȷЩ²εסĵطȻҶĻҲ֮һ
Ѫİ˶İҶĻһ·ֱһ¥
13¥8űҶĻķ䡣
ҲŻˡ뷿ҶĻͷһзһɨգһ˲Ҳ׵ķ
Ȼһ۱ܿ꣬Ȼ䲻ʮƽףȻԵޱȣȻģȻڵļҡ
صеҶĻĲ٣Ͼǽߣ˵һֱȥĻڳ⣬ǵĽÿ춼ȥҶĻҲϡ档
ȻҶĻڽŪȴ˵Σճ̶ȵͣ෴Σճ̶ȺܸߣϾĺҰ޶ܹأҶĻÿγǶлزĿܡ
ϢһٰѶˡһҶĻմѪ֮ԼСϡ
ʱҶĻȴʲô
תǹתǹսʱҶĻҲ˳ֽİǹϣѴھɳĮ֮ӥѽרתǹ˿ҶĻŷϵתǹȤ
ߣҶĻǰȴûӴΪûǸʸ֮ݲʹýߺҶĻֱˣȻڽߵרҶĻҲӴҶĻһδתǹֽרʵ塣
תǹǹֻн߲ܹʹãԿϵתǹҶĻҪԡ
ڿ°֮ʱҶĻ֪ԼЩ
顣
һ˿ϸ΢ֻתǹǹڴһָĻҰɫ˳Ǳ˳
ҶĻʹ̵ֻ֮ĵ˾ǹ׶һλãһֻèɱ
棬ǹҲֻн߲ܹʹáеתǹҶĻЩգıȻҲֻܹеӵ׶һľ룬ɱ޽ӽ㣬ǹͬ졣
ҵ˽⼴ǽҲ˶ʹתǹģҪѵ߲ܹʽʹתǹΪǿǹսһʵ飬һսûнܹκѵʹתǹʾתǹڱսеҲֻͨǹһˣ˵ǼߣûоѵҲǽߵҪʹתǹֱǳ˵ΡεҡҡͷҶĻԳ˵
ˣǿǹЩʲôذɡ
ҶĻҲټʵǹˣоתǹľṹ
ǡ
ťҶĻȡ˳
ȻдһģһһΪͨתǹװӵڲṹҲԴﵽ80ȵ̾˿ҶĻŵеĸ벻ЩԾ
һҶĻԼеĵееӵӦ150ҡ
ҶĻ˽⣬תǹֶͬͨǹһҲǷֵεģһԽǸ߼תǹװҲԽ࣬ͨתǹװһ¶80װܹﵽ150תǹ˵һǸ߼
˿ҶĻеĵв¶һ˿ϲЦݣΪ뵽һĿǰΪȱĶǮ
ûԹ⻹ûҶĻȻûתǹȴͨǹǹҶĻȻҲ˽תǹǹļ۸
ҶĻļǵϴǹ굱пǰװ90תǹ80ҡ
ôеװߴ150תǹأÿ150Բ⣬һĻҶĻͿԽˣתǹҶĻҲһСˡ
ҶĻԼǮ֮Ļʱһȴеתǹ֮ڵ˳
ţǣҶĻ
Ϣ濨ǹеϢ濨ҶĻƬ̡
ǹоȻһϢ濨ҪƶҶĻ֪Ϣ濨õλá
кǹڵļбڵУΪҶĻȡ˳ŷڼбڵеĴ濨Ż
˿ҶĻڼϢ濨֮һӦŴ濨ļֵ
Ŵ濨ȥǹսǰǹڵģϾǹˡ
ܹһǹս߷õ֮صϢ濨ôҲǸ򵥵Ķʮа˾Ϣ濨м˶ǹսǳҪϢ
磬пź롣
ˣȿ˵о˸һ˲ҶĻϢ濨еݱʮֲ룬ÿֲ붼벻ǮϾȱıǮƬҶĻ㲻ټˡ
ۼΪʵ


6 巨
ȻĩʱƼĽȻδֹͣĩ֮ǰֱ׼ĿƼѾռÿһ˵УˣԾҶĻˮƽЩ⣬ֶеġ
ùԼƽʱõǸƴСܵҶĻȲĽеϢ濨˽ȥ
ŵĻʾġϢȡСҶĻĳһ˿˿СС˷ܡ
ܹһӵѵ150תǹǹս߲ص֮صϢ濨жȻ˶߶ԼҪݣʮа˾ŷǳֵǮ
Ρ
ź𣬵ѾϢ濨еݶȡϣͬʱϢ濨ϢҲҶĻǰ
ҶĻڴпź룬ҲʲôϢ˿ҶĻڿе֮ȴٶˡ
һɿϲ֮ɫҶĻϡ
⣬⣬Ƕ巨Ƕ巨ģġĻϳֵһͼԼҶĻϵĿϲ֮ɫҲ޷ڸˣΪϢ濨оȻԶǳܹĶ巨
巨ĩ֮Ϊ˽ԼһּԴҶĻƬأĹϹȣһȺĩ֮ǰν֮ͬǧĿѧһͬġ
ʹö巨ȫĽһ˵ʿֽ׶εļ޵زԶʹ֮ܲķҪЧٱ
巨ȴֻô򵥣Ϊлǣ˽Ⱥ߸ϵȺ壬Ӧ˵巨ͨ˳Ϊߵļʡ
Ϊߵľ巽һֱһ⣬˭Ҳ޷Ĵ𰸣ΪһλԾǨеĿƼ޷һ⣬ҪΪֻһ;Ǳǻʲôʱĳ˵ˣĻһֵĽôܹΪߡ
ͺñһ˯ĪĳΪ˽һ㡣
ϰо֮ϻһЩüĿĥ弫ޣ״̬߱ԴȵԼΪߵļʡ
ĥΪߵļɣΪʷϵһ߱ڲϵĥ֮³ɾ͵ģϾٴνٴԾǨĥ״̬ÿ˵ľͬ򶼻̶ܵϵļ޴ּ̼޴̼ܹʹ˵ľͻڶʱڲһԵĲɲһʳΪߣȻĳЩȽϺõ˳⣬Ͼһ˯ԶΪߵӻеġ
ĥ֮һְ취ܹΪߵļʣǱ弫ˣ֪˵м޵ģ޵ľݵȴû֪ĩ֮ǰĩ֮Ƕͨ˵弫޵ľȻЩģȴԼ弫޽
弫ޣͬҲǻޣ弫֮ͬϵҲܼ򵥣Ϊ˵ĻԽǽӽֽ׶εļ޵ĻôٴβԾǨҲԽԲŻ˵ͬʱ߱弫޺ĥ״̬ܹЧԼΪߵļʡ
ڿԼ弫ⷽΪЧֶαǶ巨ˣҶĻд˿һƪ弫޵Ķ巨
巨Ƕ巨ߵĴžȻҿˡĻϵһͼҶĻ˿̵Ѿ޷ݵĵزˡ
ߣô߸ϵĴڣ˿ͨߵĴȴҶĻǰ
ʱҶĻҲԼܹΪһߣܹڻҰͬսܹÿΪƶµܹΪһǮƴƴܹܵͨĽ۹⣬ʵĲпȴҶĻԼֻΰˡ
ҶĻһͨ˵ݳɱҰޣʮΣĥʮأȻȴûκһܹҶĻͨ˵ݳΪһ߸ϵĽߡ
ʱ䣬ҶĻھɱ֮ѾҪͨĥΪһߵ뷨ϾʮεĥδܳΪߣҶĻʲô취أǽ죬ҶĻѾ˵뷨ȴٶҸȼ巨µϣ
ҶĻŬƽԼּ顣
巨һƪΪͨĶ巨ҲҪ100ҲܹϰãһתǹҪ󣬶˿̿ǰֻܹпĶ巨ҶĻܲ
һҶĻƽԼĵеļĿĻϵĶ巨
Сʱ֮ҶĻԵĽϢ濨еһ顣
ԭϢ濨вֻһƪͨĶ巨
Ϣ濨еһԷΪ󲿷֡
һ֣ͨ˿Ķ巨һҲҶĻĿǰܹõģڶ֣Ķ巨ҲҪ巨ϾҲˣҲҪԼļ޲ϽһֵݾͲֽ׶εҶĻԽӴˣϾҶĻһͨ˵ĻǿȥߵĶĻɵĺҲֻһ֣ǱҶĻ
־ͱȽ˼ˣһҶĻֻ˵Ķ
ǹǹ䡣
ǹ˵ۺѧ幹ѧѧƺʵսоǿǹսǹսߵҲǼ䰺ĶҲǸڽǹսʲô˰ǰǹҶĻŴ죬ͬʱڽǹսҲӺˡ
ѵ150תǹǹǹ䣬߶巨ͨ˶巨ЩɲһͨĽܹóģȥ˼ڽߵҲǸߵȵĴڡ
ˣһѾȥ˺ʲôϵץʱ巨ɡҡҡͷҶĻȥǹս飬תĿתĻҪһĶ巨Ͼȥ˶˾ҶĻ֪˼ҵô
ĻҶĻʼһһĿ˵һݣҲĿǰܹõΨһһݣͨ˵Ķ巨
ƪͨ˵Ķ巨һΪ֣ͺ
жһ70Ϊ10飬ÿһ7ÿһ鶯һֺÿһ·żϸע⣬עÿһҪעжԼҪ죬õƪ巨ȫֱسԣϾƪ巨ѾעҪĶĻͬվһʦһܹʡ
ǰĴԶˡڿЩ;ĺ֮ҶĻͷ˵ǰ˵巨ǷΪͺ֣ǳ׵Ķǵĺܹ𵽶弫޵Чǲ֪ƪ巨ЧΣԺɡ
վҶĻ׼ĺ

ĻϵҶĻʼƪ巨еĵһκ
ۣݣ治Ƕ弫޵ķ湻̬ġ֮ҶĻֱһƨ˵ϡ


7 װ
ڵϵҶĻڵĿʼ˴Ҳǵͬһһ㣬ڸղŵҶĻһɱƵأ˵һжƪ巨еĺµġ
ƪ巨еĺͬһһΪ7ΣÿһκӦһ鶯ҶĻԵǵһκȻһκȴҶĻƪ巨
տʼһκ֮ʱҶĻûʲôĸоֻⱣĺЩȻˣȻӵ2ӿʼҶĻо˲ԣһԼĺУʱԽԽԣӵ2ӿʼ֮ʱǹƴͨһ㡣
ڽ˲䣬ҶĻƸоԼĺлһŻƵزԼ˶յҶĻʵܲסԲŻһƨ
˵巨鴫ڵϣҶĻƪ巨ĴҲЩˣΪ˿ȻܹԵĸоԼ˲٣Ҫ֪ҶĻ࣬Ǵֱ֮ǰҶĻÿһνԣƽĶҲûз£˵ҶĻʷͨ˵ϵȵˣӵĺȴҶĻоԼԵģЩ˿ƽСʱģҶĻܹԵĸоȫԵģҲ˵ҶĻȫõ˶
Ƕ巨Ŀֲ֮
ЩЩˣڴֱ֮ǰһȺ֮Ϊ֮˵ĴڣĻǿֻһ룬ö巨ǰҲѧʿ˼޵ĵزʹǵ˿ڵ࣬й֮޲ǰһţڡվҶĻԼ³ֵһϸɵЩȣЩҲ˼֡
һƪ巨ĵһκܹЧʹȫڶõ˶ôƪ巨أ˵Ļڴֱ֮ǰЩӵж巨ǰ֮ʿҲͺˡ
ȻһκϰӱܹЧԭΪҶĻеƪ巨ͨǸ߼ϵЩ巨ҪϺüȼĸ߼ȻĻҲڶ̶̵ӱЧˡ
ҶĻֶͨ巨еĺĻҪ˵ˣҪСʱЧ
ǺϰӱЧ֪׶ĻֻʲôΣԵһ鶯ϢƬҶĻٴνĿ׼˵ԣҪԵһ鶯ϵһκЧ
ΣΣΡ
ȻʱҶĻȴòԼ뷨ѹ£ΪͨѶˡ
ʱ˭üͷҶĻóһָСͨѶ
ҶĻ㣬ǸװƵСˡոսͨͨѶ㴫һ˷ܵǸ˷ĺһ㡣
װƵСӣ˵ҶĻԭΪƻжϵҲЩתΪһˡ
ǸӸ磬ˣҵҪ㡣
ңѲϴλûŰҪ֪ϴο4000鰡üëҶĻǸװƵĹӸ°Ͼһ˼ҿǰװ4000飬ҶĻôǣƽһµ롣
ֱ֪֮ӵҪ㣬˵ֻҪӮ͸10000飬˺ϴһһǮɣСĳָͲˡ֮ͨѶеԵúǼС
УȵһȣϸϹȥ
㰡˵˱ҶͨѶ
ǺǣǮ׬˵ֺҪ춼ǾͺˡͨѶҶĻЦҡҡͷ˿ҶĻ׼ȥһ˽ǹӸǮŪٻϾ巨ɲһʱܳɵģҪµļ֣λӸҲŻˣֻҪҶĻӮ͸ҶĻ10000飬10000ҶĻԿǾױȵջġ
Ȼ˵ҶĻǱʲܸߡ
ѵ150תǹͨ˵Ķ巨ߵĶ巨ǹǹ䡣ЩеκһóȥĻϸȻҶĻóȥ𣿲ǸڽǹսǺηʥҶĻͻȻ֮óЩеκһ˵עˡ
ϲ⣬ʲôʱ仰һóҶĻҲΣ֮أЩҲֻҶĻԼˣܵǮãȻ10000ҶĻǾ߱źܴġ
սװİҶĻˣȥ֮˳㽫Щ
ҶĻʼǷȫµ൱ҲϵȣȻҲǲ֮ҶĻһ·żٶȴԽ˼ֱĿĵأݡ
ݣ˼սĵطɱ֮أд輼յĵط
֮едģʽһ֣ǹ
⣬λִ˶սȻΪ˲˼˫ʹõľƵģ˵ĻǹҲͺܺˣʹǹ֧˽дǹ˫ʹõǹǼǹӵҲǽ
ҶĻҶݲ֮ڵĳ֮أһСݣƽҲͨˣˮƽܴڻ֣޽ĲǺܴռشʮĶңڱԵֻ̨13
13̨Ҳûо廮ǹͱǽǮ֮˫оģ֮ȥȡ߱ˡ
Լ˵С֮ҶĻһ۱㿴˽Լ̨Ǳ߽ĵȴš
껣ҶĻһǰ֮ʱʶĺѡ
껣֣ҶĻ
ҶĻˡŵ껼ҶĻ˹˵ҶĻ13̨˹ȥ
㣬㣬֪СȱǮǧܴᣬǹӸ綼ȵЩͷˣҪٲҪˡ֪ҶĻһһ˵š
˶ǾԵˣҲֻʮ13̨ıϡ
ֻ˿13̨һΧʮˣЩ˶ԼĿ⼯е̨֮ϣÿ˶жڲֹͣţ̨ϵһ㡣
̨ȴֻվһˣһɫսۣ꣬һۿȥܹȷӦֻʮ֮䣬ǸδˣȻ˿ȴվ̨ϣϵı˶벻ķһ㣬ҶĻеĹӸװСӡ
Ӹ⣬һսֵƣֵҶĻһ룬ȻҲƵϹӸ磬װɾЩˡ
Ϊһ֮ǰλӸ绹һĵ13̨Ϸ˻20ֻҪ˭Ӯ͸˭4000Ǯû뵽ոշųҶĻͳȥ½4000ǮҶĻоԼڴӸ֮ȻûгӵܲŻ̶ֵ߳ȣһ仰
ǹˮƽ´ʱ䶨ˡ
װɼصĻҶĻ϶ǰǸϲװƵˡ


8 Į
ˣһΪˡ
վ̨ϵĸҹӼҶĻԭưҲЩı䣬Ͼһ֮ǰҶĻѵ
ǺǣʲôµģֲҪһëǮеİǹһҶĻЦ13̨ôػǺϴһ
ߣغϴһ̨ΪΧ˭ȱԷξ䣬ҽҪĻһġԻóһǮΪŵ˵ʱһ֮ӮҶĻƵأҶĻɾͲôˣϾһ֮ǰҶĻ±㽫ʰˣ̶̵һʱж
ϴ֮ǰ˵ٴʱ䶨ˣԣһעòߵġһЦ̨һùǹõĵǹ
Ǻǣ⡣ЦЦҶĻ˵󻰡
ΪǴϵҶĻܹжԷһûоκηĹӸ磬һֻƶûɱҶԷһ֮ǰҰԼУֹӸһжӦܱȾȥɱҰ޵ҶĻҪ죿
ʱݵϢҵ˫۾ŵעҶĻꡣ
˵үӮҿЩ
˵׼үȻ츳15֮ǰȴܽκѵϽ죬үѵʱҲֻһ£ҪӮǸСӻЩѶȵģϾСӿǾ˽ģʵսǳḻ
ϴү֮ԻôΪүƽԼݺ᲻úѵѵʱҲֻж̶̵ʮ죬ξͲһˣүƴѵһ֮ʵӦúǸСڲಮ֮䣬ʵսжү滹ܴһЩ
ǺǣҲλүСطһĵӣȻĻүǴư̬һôʵʵѵ
Ϣҵ̸֮ʱǹʼˡ
ȳְɣǱ֣֮ү㡣ʮԸ̧˵
ŶҾͲˡװƵıҶĻҡҡͷ˵ȳˣöԷҶĻûôģҶĻûʲôȽһǮõֱָӵˡ
ĳǹʽҲֻһ֣ǹһÿ޶һǹϾ̨ķΧǹĻս
顣
̧ҶĻҲ㳯һǹ˹ȥǹеĽֱֱɳҶĻһǹȻ˵Ͽ磬̧֣׼ǹܹҲͻ˲һӵʱ䣬ǶվһԵͨ˵ĻȻᱻУϴ㱻ҶĻֱӴˣϾҶĻʵսĳɹ
ĶȴҶĻ΢΢Щȣһ֮ǰվԭرҶĻĽֱӴӦǽȴͬˡ
ܣ̶̵һʱҲ֪ѵľȻܹҶĻһǹһҶĻֵ̧˲ˡ
ǡһ˿΢Ц¶ҶĻһǹ֮û˿֮ɫһжӦһ㣬еǹˡ
飬飬顣
ǹҰļҪһԽսȫҶĻϽսĳٶҲҶĻ̨µ껺ǳԾΪ꿪ǹٶ˿ѷɫҶĻŴһǹֱͬҲڽսƵأһ֮ǰҶĻһǹӦǽһǹչֳʵȴ˿ѷɫҶĻ
ҶĻڽ͵ķӦҲģͬһڶԷֵ˲ҶĻ㷴Ӧ˹͵һ㱻ҶĻ˹ȥ
飬飬飬顣
ǹٶҶĻ͵һ֪֮Ϊȴûٶȿǹۿ˴ûôܷŹеǹͣسҶĻ̶һʱҶĻǹ
үҪˡ
ʱϢҹۿǹȴüͷ
ȻǹȫҶĻ½Ƿ˹ȥûκһܹҶĻˣǹȫҶĻ˹ȥڶǹ֮ҶĻȴûпǹ
ΪҶĻѾǰ
Ҫ֪˫ڿʼս֮ǰֵľҲ̶ֻʮװˣһṦҶĻһԼ鱾ѧܹܶ˶Է8ÿһܵķǳŶԷǰģ8ʹҶĻͬľ׶
ҲɵӣҶĻ֮ʱ֪ҶĻͼѵվֻѵʵսһµѵȻڿǹٶԼӦҶĻٳӦȴ޷ѵҶĻ֮ʱ֪ҶĻͼȴ˴ѡѡ˼Ǻˡ
ಡ
̧𣬾ڶԷ㵵˲ҶĻѾߵ˶Էϥϡ
飬飬顣
һ߳ʹϳ˶Էж֮ҶĻؿǹֻɫĵؿϡ
ˡǹҶĻһЦĿŶԷ
˿ϲ˾Լʣһ֮ǰҶĻŰû˿֮һ֮ٴսҶĻ֮ʱǱҶĻŰˣȻ˻֮
ǽȴЩǺ죬Ϊ뵽Լ֮ǰ˵ĻӶˡ
ߣţһġǺ꽫еһݸҶĻ첽̨
סҽĮٲ2һҡٳ֮ǰعԼ֡
ĮǺǺǡҡҡͷҶĻǮԷǼˣΪǮֻΪԷǿֲĽٶȡ
С̵һųڷƱˡ̨ҶĻļ˵ҶĻײȺҲЩĽϾĮȺʤǿĸҹӸɲôģһʵôġ
ʲôڷƱղĳٶҲˣһ֮ǰֱرҪٶһֱȥĻðҾ䶨ˣųڷƱҿûסҡҡͷĮǿֲĽٶҶĻΣʲô취ء
һЩˣ츳Դ㣬ӵҶĻӴĶҶĻֻһ²εСӰˡ
ҲǣСӹһսҲҪ򣬼϶رǮתҩˮ巨ӪҺЩԲȱҿ츳ƱܻܵҪǿһЩһ֮ʮа˾žӮ㡣˵ͷΪͬ˵
ˣͷǱҪһδأҪҪȥͻȻνҶĻһ飬׼ȥһȥɣ˵ܲ
ͷУȥʱңȥҲáͷҶĻϵı˲٣ǸǴ𾴵ġ


9 תҩˮ
ͷֻǱΪһţԶҶĻӴ˵ǿĴڣȻҲģϾҶĻǰһγ֮ʱǱµġ
ʱҶĻֻЩ̿ѵ˰żһˣûκʵսҶĻ˳⣬ҪǺԶԻҰ;ҶĻ֮صĻҶĻѻȪˣһֱҶĻںԶʮ־Լл
ҶĻΪʲô˵ԶӴ˵ǿģܼΪԶһսʿһǶ׻սʿ
սʿǽͨ˺ͽ֮ĴڣǳԽͨȴԶԶûдﵽĵزֻǽǿһȺˣ֮ǰᵽתҩˮ
תҩˮΪÿƼǿʹͨ˽Ϊߵһֲ˵ˣΪͨ˵Ļٴνģתҩˮϸ˵ȴֻһְƷ
ͨ˵Ļǰ1ĻôߵĻӢĸA֮ûκοɱԣ˵߲ͬһȼϵȻתҩˮҲδܴȼϵĲ࣬ȴΪһָı䣬ݡ
ͨ˵Ļ1ô˷תҩˮ֮Ļ2һνĻݣĻתҩˮֻʧƷˣϾͬзĿȫһ£òЩ
תҩˮһñܹãõһ֧תΪ2˵ڶ֧֮תΪ4ڷ˵֧֮Ͳ6ˣΪǸʱתҩˮѾΪˡ
ЩĻκ˶ΪתҩˮɹˣϾͨ˳ΪߣֻǰƷȻĻҲôϡˣΪתҩˮżԺΣա
ȣһҪõһ֧תҩˮҪһǿʣΪҪϰ巨һǽ巨ϰһ̶ʹʷǳӽ弫ޣȻĻתҩˮֻ˵Ͼҩˮ̺Ĵ̼ʵ̫ˣûǿʺµĻɱҼһ˵ʷǳ֮ߵµһ֧תҩˮҲкܴķգҩˮĻ2ĳɹʲֻ6ңʧܱ
ڷõڶ֧תҩˮ֮ʱûôˣΪתҩˮǿͬʱҲὫ˵ߵģȴȷõһ֧Ҫɹֻ3ɡ
ڷõ֧תҩˮûʲôҪ󣬲ֱ֮ͬɱ죬ɹʲ1ɣϾһλԾǨǸ̬ͨ࣬Ҫͨɾ͵Ļôûзա
ͷԶǷù֧תҩˮǿڣ׳ƶ׻սʿ
ҶĻСӸܽӴǿĴڣԺԶΪӽ˱ҶĻӴǿߡ
ȻתҩˮͨΪߵĳɹʮֽӽ㣬ɰޱȣһ֧תҩˮҲҪ200ңҶĻҲֻܿѡ
ˣһûء˵ͷҶĻٴαϰǹҪˡ
ţȥ㡣˰֣˵
֣ͬҶĻ뿪˶ݡ
ʮ֮ҶĻǱԵشһط׳ҶĻƽﴦĵط
壬ˡŰǹҶĻո߽׳ҶĻһЩ
ŶҶĻ棬ɡţһһԵˡ
ǣˡŰǹ֧ҶĻ߽ҡ
ֻһŰʮҳʮִĴһѴվԼСһͷʮֿȴִϲٵﰴڵϡ
ڵϵʵҲֻǾ֣Ͼֱ֮ﶼ˲̶ͬȵĽҲ⣬Щûнʲôֻ֮ϱǰҪϲ٣ԳԣǳԵࡣ
ǣ壬æءҶĻ֪˼Ҹո׼
û£ⲻûʼأǲǴˣȿҶĻλҲһʱ㽫еĴ󵶷һԡ
鷳ˡҶĻҲЩ˼ҶĻǽİ˹ȥ
ֽӹҶĻİλ㿪ʼҶĻ
ţ̶ȲһƤֻõĵ̣аСӽ˾ȻŪֻҰջ񲻴һɨ㽫ҶĻеĶˣЩҶĻ
ǺǣȷʵʼԼҶĻҲЩùͷˣŪֻҰһѽߵרתǹһתǹоȻӵżֵǧϢ濨ȻתǹϢ濨ҶĻɲˡ
ˣϹأЩ1000飬㿴ôһӣ˵
Уļ۸һ򶼺ܹ1000˵ͷ1000ҶĻеļ۸޼
壬Ҿˣ㹤ˡӹǮ֮ҶĻǮװҪ뿪ˡ
УС߰ɡ˵ͷٴһԵĴ󵶡
뿪׳֮ҶĻȴδȥǳǱ˹ȥΪ4µһ죬Ҳܴܵѵʱ䡣
˾ԼҶĻһ˻5000顣
֮ҶĻһߵշǵ绰ͶȥʮöӲҲͨ˵ܵܵĵ绰ΪʲôҶĻԼͨѶܼ򵥣ҶĻͨѶ˵֣ͨѶΧǣһ뿪ǵĽҶĻͨѶˣܵڵĵطǡǡǺԶҶĻҪϵܵܵĻֻЩշѵǵ绰ˡ
ΣΣΡ
绰ͨˡ
ãҶ䣬˭
΢ЦҶĻ˵绰ǼΪϤԼĵܵҶ䣬ǺǣҶ䣬硣
硭ָҴǮˣǲǡĬһᣬ绰ǱߵҶƽ˵
ţҸǮȽ϶࣬һ5000ȱʲôĻԼ򡣡ҶƽҶĻЦ˵ԼĵܵǺ˽ģ׼ȣʲô鶼ֳ
5000顭֪ˣ硣
ˣǵ绰շѹҪҾȹˣĺϢ˼ҶĻҶ˵绰
ҶĻҶϵ绰֮绰һ˵ҶҲеĵ绰
ΪҶĻĵܵҶȻͬҶĻмƣȴȫһָоͬҶĻڻĳ࣬ҶͬҶĻżƵȴԵúӢǸ׼˧磬ҶԸͬҶĻҲźܴĲ֮ͬ


10 Ҷ
ҶĻǸ׼ĳΪȵȽóʣѺܶ࣬ҶͲͬˣǡǡ෴׼ȣһƽʣʲô鶼ϲҶȻԸżȱݵȴӵԶ˵츳һ塣
һЩС츳ǵĳƺͬЩײ˹ʺ˵һ˯ѱΪ˽һЩҲǱĴڣȻ˵ǲǽһ߸ϵȺ壬ǾһȺȴͨ˸Ǳͨ˸׳Ϊһ߸ȺһԱֻǵĻͬڳˣǵĻͨ˶Գ˲ȶԡ
ҲֲȶԵĻʹǳΪߵļʱͨҪö࣬ͳƱͨ˳Ϊߵļʴǧ֮һңЩӵвȶԻǳΪߵļʾȻߴʮ֮һͨ˵İٱҶĻĵܵҶһš
ĩգһҪȥͣսʱЩͨ˸лΪߵǲûġ
һ14ͣʱһڵĻҲȶÿһÿһ궼ȫ14һμ⣬鿴ڵĻǷڲȶԣҶ14ʱǵĹԱĲȶԣͬʱҲȡǰһѵʸ
ʼҲֻţǽߣӵʮ֮һļܹΪ߲ܹõߵĴ
һһר˲ŵĵطͬĩ֮ǰ廪һ㣬һУܹѧȫλ֪ʶԼõȫѵ˼㲻һҲܹӵһϯ֮أȻȴκ˶ܽȥģҪҪʸ񣬵õʸķʽ֡
һǰȥһֱͬҶһӵŵʱսȥȻһַʽȥĶҪӵһǮҪǮҲһΪŲ
һҪ꣬ÿѧ30000ż룬ֻҪ15000
ҶĻڵ֪Լĵܵһ֮㲻˵ܵܵķ޷˵Ľͽ˵һģͬ꣬ҶĻ15꣬ҲһҶĻԼѧӵǹ
ΪҪǮԼĵܵȥһĽޣΪǵĸĸǺСʱͬĶԿУΪÿ¸Ĳֻ600¸ոմѧУʲôҶĻֻѡ߳ǵĳţȥҰޣҲֻһ·ҶĻܵܵѧԼ˵ѡ
ϾĩʱĽǮɲĩ֮ǰʱǮǷǳֵǮģҶĻɱҰһ2500Ѿĩ֮ǰ25000ˣǱ׼ĸ롣
磬ܿˣܿͲΪҶڵϹˡѧУ䷢ĸ߼ͨѶҶ˧һ˿ᶨ֮ҶĻΪһ֪αԼҶֻ֮ܽĵУҪʵжȥرԼĴ磬ֻгΪܶԵΪһǮҶĻ
Ҷ䣬ԭﰡ
ʱһҶĶˣֻһŻʮŮһЦĳҶ߶
ˣߣһȥʳóԷɡߵҶǰŮֱҶұۡ
ллѾԹˣԼȥɡޱ飬Ҷ佫Լֱ۴Ůг˳һˡ
˵ҶŮʮֲԸĿ´뿪ҶıӰŮҲЩ٣ʱһԵȴעҶŮ
ǲŽްҶ
ǸţʲôÿģųΪߵļҲֻʮ֮һ
治֪Ǽٲ֪ҶŽްǷǳǿˡ
ô£û˵ֻ֪Žްĵһ񡣡
У˭֪񰡣ǿ˰ϵĵһˣǽѧӵһֻ27ߣ27˵ǿģҶͷȻûҲܳɼŽް൱пе28ġ
28ˣոձܲö϶
Ҷǽڸոձǵһĵܲö϶ܹ֮ڳΪߵĳţ27֮ĵһˡ
ҶѾ϶ھܹΪߣΪĻеĲȶѾͨͣѵһֲĵزɻĲȶԱΪߣǵһĵȨˣҲһĽߣܲԶ϶ġ
Ҫ֪УڱΪ߼ڵһżӪҲΪټϾУֻѵʵս˼Ϊƴܹ֮УڱΪߣΪûдʵսҶȴ¼ΪߣⲻΪΪ˲ҶĻƴŬԵʣͬǿֲ츳Ҳֲ
һҶȴûеһʱҶĻԼΪ֮ҶĻһϲ

˿ҶĻԼĵܵڵһĵ״֪ոջصУ׼һȫ׵Ķ巨
ֻǵһκټЧ治֪ȫ׶巨ЧָǺεȿֲ򿪵ԣҶĻĻϵһͼԼһԵֽ˵ɵ¶˷֮ɫ
Կ
µԣҶĻ¿ʼ׶巨ĵһ鶯
ոһ֮ʱҶĻûʲôоǵҶĻϵһκһתΪڶ֮ʱоˣʹһ˿˿ڶʹ𽥳ҶĻͷҶĻת˿ʹҲһǿţҶĻĶתΪڶ֮ҶĻѾܹԵĸо˿ʹˡ
ն巨һԵע⣬ÿһҪͣʮӵʱ䣬ʮ֮ҶĻŵһκʼ˵
ʹ࣬ʹ໹ڲǿУЩʹҶĻȴûʲô
ĸ߸ÿʮҶĻ㿪ʼһת䣬ת֮ʱǹʹҲڲͣǿţҶĻϵһκԼĶת䵽߸֮ǹʹѾԭһ˿˿һ֮ʹҪҶĻ־ǿĻпܳŲסˡ
ҶĻ֮ͬǰϰ֮ʱһƨ˵ϣҶĻϺһһ鶯ֻ140ʱ䣬Ǵ˿̵ҶĻȴѾˣƷҶĻվԭ߸Ǿһ˶һ㡣
巨һԵע˵ˣҪϰڶ鶯Ҫһ鶯ԲȻĻóȻϰڶ鶯ֻҵ˺һ鶯Բıֱϰһ鶯֮ʱû˿ʹ֮СڵϴҶĻʼĻϵע⡣
巨ǹ̬ģ̶140ʱҾȻƾһ˶һ˵˲٣ӵж巨ͬʱӪҺҲǱزٵġϢƬ̣ҶĻЩĽЩǮˣǼӵж巨ӵӪҺϰ巨ٶʮ


11 ӪҺ
ΪӪҺöӵж巨˶ʵ̫ˡ
ȣ巨ӹɵģԽǸ߼Ķ巨ڶʱϰķѵҲԽ࣬ȻջȻҲԽ󣬲ϰߵһָ֮ôأûӪҺֻܳԵ㶫˯ˡ
ҶĻӦÿϰƪ巨ĵһ鶯СʱңȻڽԼһ֮ҶĻָʱȴҪ5Сʱң⻹ǱعƣҪҶĻϢ
ӪҺͲͬˣⶫ԰κ˿ٵĻָԼҶĻʶֻҪһСӪҺܹ1СʱһָԼȫʡ4Сʱʱ䣬ӪҺԴʳȻ˯ûģϾӪҺҲָֻܻϵƣͣϵƣû취ָͨġ
ӪҺ϶巨Ҳˣ˵ӵӪҺͶ巨ֶ弫޵ĿҪͨ˿ʮϰٱ
þֵӪҺЧʮ۸ȻҲͺܸˣƽÿһӪҺҪ20000ңҶĻͨ˸ѲҪ֪ڵ20000ĩ֮ǰ൱20򰡣ͨ˺üôࡣ
ӪҺӪҺĻƪ巨ϰٶӦûֱġ̾˿ӪҺҶĻʮ۲ģ뵽Ǹ߰ļ۸֮ҶĻҡҡͷ
ˣһƪ巨Ӧ֪ˣϾҲٴӵ˳Ž߷ʸˡҡҡͷҶĻȥӪҺ顣
վҶĻϰ˶巨еĵһ鶯
ʹ࣬ƣݵϢһֱҶĻظţֱԼһյԼСΪֹ

ҶĻţ㡣
ڶһҶĻǼٵ
ţˡԺ˫ۣҶĻĿͶǽϵĵӡ
ʲô7ˡǽϵĵӾȻѾߵ7ʱҶĻԾֱ֮ӴӴϱ
Ӧ10˯ģ7㣬Ҳ˵һȻ˯9Сʱɴ˫ۣҶĻʵǲԼȻܹһ˯9СʱҪ֪ԴǰҶĻʼ֮ʱϢʱȶ
ÿ׼ʱ12˯6𴲣һϰһֱʱ䣬ǽҶĻȴ˯9Сʱ
巨Ļ治һأԺϰˣ벻ҵӳָı䡣˻ԴѹҶĻ˲ͨеĹؼ֮
ԭҶĻһʽϰǰֻ˵Ķ巨Щ˷ܣǺһֱԼվǳѵĵزױһգټϰ巨ʱʹԾģ˫µҶĻһ˯9Сʱ
ҶĻ㿪šʱ껵ٶ
Ŷˣˡ껵ҶĻԼ컹ҪȥͷǱæȥˡ
ˣⱦҪ
ո´ҶĻ㿴Լ˯֮ǰϵĵԣ˿ڵĻƪ巨еһͼţ˵ҶĻȽԵеϢ濨ȡ˳װ˳㽫һԵתǹŰ껿š
Сӵô°Ȼ˯߽䣬ҶĻ껱֪ҶĻո˯ѡ
˵ˣҲ֪ô½쾹Ȼ˯ͷˡ죬ҶĻ˵
ˣϽ·һȥͷǡ֣껴ߴٵ
Ŷ˵ͷҶĻԼٶȽһ򵥵ϴȻһ׸ɾ·
һ£һǹٳ֮ҶĻͻȻԼǹûأϾһѰM99ȥͷҲ̫ˡ
СӻǵأһΪҪǹȥͷﱨء˻ԼǰͺǿŵĲǹʾ
Ҳͼ˰M99ǹ600࣬ҲۣοȥֲǺʹȥ棬ЩһʲôЩһӵҲܹ󰡡ҡҡͷҶĻ˵ű߽Լİطһԡ
ߵǰҶĻԼĴ巭ĴõĲİǹ
һѾѻǹ
һͬؼƵȴȰػҪһЩľѻǹM0ĩʱ²ľѻǹͬڰ12.7׵ĿھʵĿھߴ15ףͬɱǰصࡣ
ĩʱһǹеռʱǹ굽ǣǹ굱ҶĻǰѰM99ȻֻҪ600һ㣬ʾͲͬˣǹһֻҲҪ8000ǮЩǹ10000ҶĻǶֻһθ󲿶ǰʱԶ1000ĵ۸ġ
߰ɡ
ʣҶĻͬһ߳˷š
˵Ľܲʮ֮ǵĿĵء
־ɱ֮˵ľۼأӶӪء
Ϊʲôۼܼ򵥣ΪҲҪŽᣬϾǲǽߣҪ׬ǮҪŽᣬȻ׬ǮǲڽģҪ߳ΪͨҪ߳Ǳֻˡ
ӶӪֻһ֣˵һӪأһ
˻һĶ࣬ˣͷءҶĻŴڵǧŬҪҵͷӰ
֪ҲյϢ˵ͷ׼һδأҿɡۣҲ޷ǧ˵ҵͷӰ
СҲˡʱˣȥңԶȿǡ
˳ǴȥҶĻܿҵ˺ͷλá
ֻڲԶһ䵱һͣԴһ˰̵Ĵһ֧һӺ棬ǰڱӰסҶĻ껶ûп󺺣˵󺺱еĺͷԶˡ
ߣȥ
ȻѾҵҶĻҲĥ˹ȥ
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ޣǺͷӻҪ˵ĻǰȥɱҲֻˡ
Ͼ޿ɲͬͨҰޣҶĻɱֻҰֻͨҰޣǵҰ˽ҲҰޣͬͨһ൱ΪڻĴڣ޾ͲͬˣЩһ൱еĵλͬ൱еĵλһǼǿĴڡ
ȻҲǷֵεģӵĺͨںԶֵָĴ¼һȺִػսḻ˻ܹɱġ
ÿκԶӳɱĶ䵥ޣȻ׬һǿ϶ģϾϵĶļֵɲͨҰܹģҶĻҸԶɱޡ
ɱ޵ľҶĻǼ£Ͼֻ޵ǿҶĻҲǵģŻͷ˵Ҫɱ֮ʱһ¡


12 
ͷɣֲûȥͬԶɱ޵ҲҪ
ɡ˵ͷҶĻҲҪȥȻֻԶһɱޣÿεջȴܷһεõ4000һεõ5000ѵʱҲ̣ܶ죬ҶĻҲٴȥɱޣȻҲŸ߷գôС޶ҶĻͨ˶ҲңɼĴڣûкԶټһ˵ĻҶĻɲȥģǺɱ졣
Сӱ𼱣Ҳǲԣߵȷʵûйҿǰ˵ˣͬʮ֮ߡֹסҶĻ껣Զϳ˽ɫ
ҶĻҲЩɻǰ󺺿ûٴӳȥɱޣеûһҲаʮǿԶɫҶĻ֪˵ЦģпںԶԶŲСķգȻĻҲ¶ɫˡ
ˣγɱ޵ĵطӢһеķղ˵Ƕ֪ġ
ҶĻͷɻҲˣͬʱںͷĵɫҶĻҲЩȻҪȥӢ긽ɱޣҪ֪Ǻųֻн߲ܹĿֲشȥ
˭֪̾Ӣ긽޶ǼΪǿĴڣͲܹͨǵģнϢԴ˿Զ˵˴ڵӢ긽֮ҶĻͬҲԥ
һܹʹýĵطǺԶ׻սʿʵϰḻĺҲһܹŹ˵ɱˡ
ǺǣСӸòΪĲҪȥӢ긽ɱްɣҿûǸ¡ҶĻϵıԶò±֪ʲôҲ˹ӶģҪǹҿɲ񣬶ԼʵһʮģӢͲЩܹĵط
üͷ˹ӶЩ˵пʮֳģΪЩɱ˻һ֣Ӷ˹ӶȥսһȺˣԾҶĻҲ˹ӶȥɱһЩȽϡٵҰޣȻӶȽ٣Զ˹ӶȥĵطɱҲͲʲôֵˡ
Ǳ˹ӶȥӢɱޣҶĻ벻ͨˣԶʵǽߣӶȥӢҲԶܲ񣬿ҶĻɻĵطǺԶȻ񣬶е˼ΪݲŽµġ
üƬ̣һ󵨵ĲҶĻԺС
ͷӶĲǸ߰ɡգգۣҶĻԼĲ˵˳˵֮ʱҶĻҲЩȷϾߺͨȫˣٳֽġ
ǺǣСӲ³ˣιӶҵһߣҵʱ߻һͬǰӢǱߣ;ҪȻҲܽһûءԼǹԴԶˬ˵ڽ֮ǰҶˣֻӢıԵشɱһֻްˣҪӢ꣬ЩͨҪǰסֻ޵¡
ԭˡ˵ͷҶĻںԶԭҲһŵ˽⣬ϾҲǻܹ࣬һֻǿ޵һֻ޺ͳɰǧҰΧ֮ʱǻҪģһЩǿĽ߾ͲҪˣһĵܲá
ôĴҪȥĻһɣ߻ˡ˫ֱأԶҶĻ˿ǵбʵˣһֶܴ󷽣ӶҲҪϲ٣СӻǺǰһһʮˣÿ˵Ӷߴ12000
˿ҶĻüš
ǰɱʱľҶĻ񻹼£һֻֻԶǿ󣬶ҶĻǰܹ֮ɹɱԭһǺԶ׻սʿ˶࣬СӰԶڶһٶˣΪѡĿϲвʵޡ
ȴִͬĵصӢܹ꣬ýĵطֻӢıԵشܹȴС꣬ҶĻǰɱܹӢԵ޿ҪǿĴڣȻںͷĴ²Ҫֻͬǿ޽սֻҪסֻ޵£ǵǿǺǵ𣿶˭ܱ֤˵ִĵطޣϾӢꡣ
ת˲֮ҶĻ˾ʱҶĻü֮һ˿ᶨ֮
УͷҸȥҧҧҶĻ˲˴ԭкܶ࣬Ϊߴ12000ĳͣΪԽӴ߸ϵĽߣΪҶĻʮĥɻڣ12000Ӷ𣬶ȱǮҶĻ12000ջռҪԭ
ǣͷֶÿγǶУ߳ʱոǴҪЩԵͨ˾ǽԴ˩ڿϵҲȥ΢΢һЦվһԵ껺˵
УǾ˴ӦˣԶһӱ㽫˵ּǰֽϡ
ˣʱ7Ժ賿6㣬ʱ׼ʱ㡣
д˵֮Զ˻֪ʱæ˵
֮ҶĻźԶһҶĻһ뿪ӶӪػؼȥˣΪ˴񳬺Σճ̶ϵش̼ҶĻʹҶĻҪȥϰƪ巨Ͼ˽֮ÿһʵܹһֻĻᣬҶĻ׼7ʱȫϰƪ巨ԼԱ㵽ʱܹȫһЩ
Ǯ⣬ӪҺͺˡ·ҶĻٴθ̾ӪҺӪҺĻʵ7쵱ӦܵõһδȵǸʱٶȣӦЩҲõȵڻҰȻҲܶһֻĻᣬӪҺֶҶĻҲֻˡ
Ҫкͷʵͺˣ׻սʿΪӽߵĴڣʵ֪Ҫǿٱ׬ǮٶҲĳ档̾˿ҶĻ뵽˺ͷʱ龰
ˣͷô¸ˡͻȻҶĻߵԼſʱ뵽һӣһܹڶʱڴ׬һʲԼʵĵӡ
ͬԶйأΪҶĻ뵽ӵбǺԶľ
ʮǰʱĺԶֻһͨˣڵҶĻԶΪʱĺԶѾͨ˾Ҳû߳ĵزʱһֻûɱֻһͨͨС񣬶ʮǰһϺԶ˸ıˣҲԶŻĳɾܹΪһ׻սʿ


13 30
ΪϺԶһԸıԼ˵Ķһ飬һӡвȱ巨飬ⱾصĶ巨ֻм鶯û׵ĺֻǼ鶯Ҳ㹻ı䵱ʱΪСĺԶˡ
ʱԶڼⱾȱĶ巨֮ϱ㽫еݸڵڶⱾ巨㱻ˣ20ҲǴʱʼԶ˸ıˡ
20ʱĴͨ˶Զһʾ޿ܹණӪҺһЩǳǿǹ20ͱĲȱ巨Զʮƴ˽ĳɾͣʶԶľ˶֪ҶĻҲ֮һ
ҶĻ˿뵽ĵӱͺԶйأȻԶԿƪȱĶ巨ıԼΪʲôҶĻԡ
ȱĶ巨׵Ķ巨֮ļֵҲԶͬҶĻƪ巨ĻȷܹһЩ֮ĹעʱҶĻΣ֮أ巨еһֵĻͲͬˣֻǲƪֵ̫ߣעҶĻҲֻԸ̾ҶĻöֵĹע
ԶһӣĺԶһƪȱĶ巨֮û˵ע⣬˶ֻڸ̾Զĺ˰ˡ
巨ǸȻڲ¡յԼĶͷԼǿرɽ֪ıҶĻʵǲ֪˵ʲôˣϾֻҪԼеĶ巨ȥһ鶯任ǮҲ㹻͵ܵܺüĿˣһܹΪṩϰ巨ӪҺֱһõĺ¡
ȥϻȥ뵽֮ҶĻ˵ٶȳżſ񱼶ȥ
ΣΣΡ
صҶĻ̴򿪵ԽϢ濨˽ȥֻһͼעٴγֵҶĻǰ
׸һأĻϵ7鶯Լ7κҶĻüͷһʱ֮Щԥ֪һȥա
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Сʱ֮ҶĻĿĵأУҶĻ䵱ǶߵεУΪҲչһЩֵƵĶҲ巨ڡ
ҶĻһԵǰ̨˹ȥ
ã챾вûᣬҪԤһεʸƷǰ̨СʼãҶĻһ۵սûʹǰ̨С¶ĵĿۿ˵ͣϾҶĻִŵҲЩͬҶĻһ϶ġ
Ŷһƪ巨СҶĻֱӿżɽ˵ϾУǶߵεУǽҲҶĻǲֱӿżɽĻ˼ҸͲȻҶĻĵһ鶯Ҳûˡ
ԵȡҶĻ˵Ҫ巨ʱǰ̨Сϳһ˿֮ɫ̲ͨڲͨѶ
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ŶҶĻԷҶĻֻɫƽĵ˵ͷ
̸£̸£˵巨ԲԡҶĻ鵭ȻԷҲǸʶȤ̽ת˶巨档
֪ղաɫȻĵ˵ͷҶĻ
գôհ巨޵ıر֮ֻҪЧһղ󡱵˵ͷԷʮֿ϶˵۸Ҫ书Чˡ
ҵĶ巨ڹЧ滹ǺܲġҶĻ֪ѾˣȻνĶ巨ֻƪ巨ĵһ鶯һûкĵһ鶯һ鶯ЧҲǳ
Ŷ֪ҶĶ巨жٶÿжٷ㡣΢΢һͷԷ˶巨顣
һ巨ΪؼĵطǺͺͬҪĶûзĻƪ巨ĶҲǷˣҲһƪ巨Чı׼һ¶еķԽĻôƪ巨ĵҲԽߣЧȻҲԽá
ȻЩҶĻҲ˽ģӴ巨ҶĻȻ֪Լõƪ巨жٷ㣬ҶĻȴ֪Щƪ巨ʲôεĶ
ҵĶ巨ÿķ㶼30ңȴֻ7˽ɫҶĻ˵Լƪ巨һ鶯ķ㣬ϾҶĻҲϣ֪Լƪ巨ʲôεġ
ʲô30㡣ԭһЦԷϵı˲Ϊ˳Ծ֮ɫ
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ϾԽǸ߼Ķ巨弫޵ĿԽȻϰƪ巨˳ΪߵļҲԽԴ˿ҶĻ˵Ķ巨ӵ30֮ԷŻ˾ȡ
ã̫żˣ֮ǰӦȴһ÷ж϶巨ĵΡԷǾȵı֮ҶĻԼƪ巨ĵҲһŵ˽⣬õƪ巨ȻǼΪ߼ĶȻĻ˵30ʱԷҲ˾ˣϾУǶߵεУΪչԱ¶˾ȵıѾ˵һУ˿ҶĻΪĵȴƪ巨ĵζԼİΣóֶĻ˹עļʿǺܴģ˿ҶĻֱߵȨû
Һãóֻǵһ鶯һûкĵһ鶯ƪ巨ôֻʮķ֮һĻӦҲۿۣһƪȱ޵Ķ巨עļӦò̫󣬶뿪ĻֱӾͻᱻЩ˼ŪûᱻɱԽת˲֮ҶĻ侲ϸ룬ҶĻǾԼڲ뿪


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˿ҶĻҪı򶨣ֻܳңֻܽΣԽ͡
ҶĻٶ侲֮30סԷҲ˹ΪԷǵҶĻԭȻҶĻġ巨ÿķ㶼30ңƪ巨ȴֻ7Ҳƪ巨ֻ7ԷŻع
ԲҶʧ̬ˡعԷһӦǶҶĻǸϾΪչԱе棬Ӧڿǰʧ̬
ˣҶղ˵ƪ巨ֻ7ô¡Է㽫תصĵĵط֪ÿķ30ҵĻôƪ巨ȻǼΪ߼Ķָ߼Ķ巨ֻ7ɡ
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Ŷģҵƪ巨ȻڵϺܸߣÿķ㶼30ңȴһײȱĶ巨ֻ7׵ĺҲûС˵ҶĻ¶һΪϧɫԼõֻһƪȱĶ巨
ʲôȱģûкٴԷĵгʧԭҶĻĶ巨ÿķ㶼30ʱԷΪԼĻˣƪ巨ֻ7ĸ߼巨ǱչĻôеĵλԻһδȵ˵·ֹµλãϾ30ļƷ巨ҲǼΪϡеĶɵҶĻ˵Լƪ巨ҲûʱԷȴӿϲ˲䵽˵͹ȣƪ巨ֻӵ7ҲͰˣϾĵΰûкĻôƪ巨ЧۿۣΪһƪеεĶ巨һǶǳٵеζ巨ٵ͵㣬ĻԷְϣҲˡ
ȻԷʧҶĻȴһ˲˲٣ΪԷʧıʹҶĻԭڰеķ˲١
ɣҶȻƪ巨ǲȱģڵԾչ۸һȥһ棬ԵƬ̡Ȼгʧ⻹ҪģϾҶĻеĶ巨ͼֻҪܹҲԷһҵ
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ϣҪһЩ˵עⰡȻԷɫʹҶĻ˲٣ҶĻĵлЩֻһͨСǱЩ˶ϲӵеתǹϢ濨ĻɾΣˣʲôʱͻᱻɱԽ
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ҶѾͬչĶ巨ˣҽƪ巨Աеļ۸Գ50򣬲֪Ρ߽ԷһļŵЦ˵
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ʵҶĻ֪óĲȱ巨ľֵóֻƪ巨ʮķ֮һƪ巨ÿȴӵ30ҵķ㣬ĹЧ󲿷еεĶ巨οֵȴʮ֮ߣг50ʵҲ̫
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ԷЯ΢͵Խ50תҶĻ˻֮С
УҾˡŴеһ鶯ԼϸעϢ濨ԷԷ֮ҶĻҪ뿪ˡ
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ʵһ߸ϵĽߵĻﻹõĵʱ˵ƪ巨ˣϢ濨ежҲҶκβ֮ģһжʵȭͷ֮ҶĻʵĿٶ
һлᣬղԷɫҵõƪ巨ǼΪĶȻΪеչԱԷҲ¶˳Ծıˡ
ƪ巨ҵӦܹΪӽͨ˼޵ĵزʱҳΪߵļʾͻ˸࣬һҲܳΪ߿ʱҲܳΪһսʿóΪ׻սʿҲû⣬Ȼ˵תҩˮںܴķգɾоһ˵ԽǽӽôתҩˮķҲԽСЩ峹׿޵˳Ϊ׻սʿĳɹʸߴٷ֮ʮҳΪ׻սʿⲻ󡣡
ȻһжֻҶĻԼĹ滮ˣҶĻҪı̤ƻĵһȥӪҺ
ҶĻ뿪֮㳯һܹӪҺĵط˹ȥ·Ϊ˱ҶĻʮֽĹ۲û˸ԼҶĻһһ·ûκ˸Լ

չܰ칫ڡ
ϣĲȥ˸С𣿡һɫսӹضڰ칫˵
ãڳҪɹͱҪӵһǱ׼֪ΪܹΪǵ֮ΪԼ׼ѵ𣿡ڰ칫ϴ˿Ȼ̬ӣһɲŭȴϲͣɢţǵ˵һ仰ʱǹƸͻȻ˳
ڳҡͷѾЩ΢΢ŭڳϽ˵
סе׼еĿͻһܣСʲôֻҪôǱȥܣڵͻ飬ԺǲҪˡ
˿·ϵҶĻ֪ԼѾһЩ˵ע⣬׼˼ȴûеܣҶĻĽȫǶģ¶еߣе׼Ҳеߡ
ҶĻóͨ˵Ķ巨ƪ巨ԾɺܰȫΪΪķ30ҵĶ巨Ҳ޷Ϊ֮׵ƻ׼򣬱ϾҲֻͨϰĶ巨ˡ
ǽҶĻóϢ濨иϰĶ巨ĻͲһˣƪ巨ʮ֮һҲƻԼ׼򣬵ʱҶĻŻΣ֮ء


15 ʽϰ
СҶĻڶʮ֮ԼĿĵء
սģһװ޷ǳݻĵ棬ͬҲҶĻӪҺĵط˿̼˸ҶĻҲ£ϾκһֳԵڵõ50ľ޿֮󶼻ѡġ
߽棬ӳҶĻı쳣Ĺֻ̨ڹ̨һѰʮֿŵǹ֧İڷǰҶĻҲһΣɳĮ֮ӥǰ۵İرﹺģҶĻ֮ʱʮҪڹ̨Щǹ֧ϾЩǹɶĩ²ĳǰM0й֮޲ǰҶĻҲֻˡ
ɾͲһˣҶĻҪԼϰ巨õӪҺҪǹڵҶĻӵ50򣬷ͨ˵ҲһСʲĴڣҶĻҲǹڣԼһװ
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Ŷȿ˵ͷҶĻĿѾ̨еЩǹ֧סˣȻҶĻҲЩԱϴҶĻʱսЩԱҪǵҶĻֻһѿƹŶİʱԱɫ̾ͱˡ
˹¡K33ǹZ5ǹĩ²AK99ɱֻӵӵM7K0ǹһϵĩ²ǿļƷǹ֧ҶĻһһڹ̨ҶĻһתǹЩǹҶĻоȻ¶һɫǿŮ̹⣬˿ҶĻ޲̳ǰȥЩƷȫᵽԼ档
ҶĻĿɨڹ̨֮һǹʱĿ
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ǰM9ô˿ڿˮҶĻͷǹҪͷѹȥָM9ʵ
ŶM9ҶĻһűM9ļ۸ԱЦˣЩڹ̨֮ǹ֧һȫǾƷ۸ҲܸߣҪҶĻκһѵĻôԱɱȻܸߡ
λС磬M9Ǿ촦ոһµ»۸ǳֻҪ6򡭡ָǰͿŵM9ԱԼ粻֮һֱͣؽһҵʱ䣬ֱǰM9˿Ƚеתǹˡ
ͣͣ6򣬴򲻴ۡæֹסԱҶĻֱ˵
ۣλС磬ɴ۵ģܳɱҰ޵ĶôܴۡԱֱӿն˵
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5ӪҺ˲ɴ˫Ա˿ѾоԼŮˣҶĻȻҪ5ӪҺҿҶĻҲ޹ʷʸлֻҪܹҶĻôµͱȥһ뻹Ҫߡ
ȵȣȥһǾ˿ڿˮԱԼٶȳź񱼶ȥ
һвһĴȻѳϲһҲ費һķʮ֮ԱٴҶĻǰһĵɫҶĻһԵӱһΪҶĻ˲ˮ
λС磬ҸղǾֻҪһ20ôǵ8ۡ¶ĵɫԱ˵
УټһȫµսһӣҶĻһһҪһ׼ֵ5ս
û⣬Եȡ¶ϲ֮ɫԱ̰ҶĻȥȡˡ
֮ҶĻЦ뿪ԱҲſϲıվſĿҶĻ뿪ΪҶĻһһһ˽25

װҲˣʼʽϰ巨صҶĻսM9ŵ˴±׼ʼʽϰƪ巨ˡ
Ϣ濨֮ҶĻŵֵһͼʼһԵעϰƪ巨
ÿķ㶼30ңһԵעҶĻ˵һһһ29㣬Ҫηǵڶһ31㣬ͬηĸźҶĻϵĺˮࡣ
Сʱ֮ҶĻͣ˿ҶĻ²Ѿʪ͸ˣҲĵʮأǷǰĻҶĻ˿̶ȻԵ㶫ȵˮȻͷ˯һ˯Сʱϰ巨ڲͬˣӪҺ
ɫӪҺƴ󺣵Ľᾧһ͸¶޾УóһСӣҶĻһСӪҺȥҶĻ￪ʼ˵϶巨һ鶯עͼΡ
ϾЩעʮҪĶҪıУҶĻĶҲʮֱ׼ҪϵĽнȻĻһֱԲ׼ĶȥпܻҶĻһЩ˺ڵȴָ֮ʱҶĻۿ˶巨ĶԼע⡣
һּǮһֻӪҺÿﶼ2ЧҲʮֱ̬վҶĻԼȭͷ˿ܹԵĸоԼھʮ֮Ѿȫָˡ
ϰ巨
ں˶ҶĻźٴϰƪ巨ĵһ鶯
7ʱҶĻȫев֪Ŷ
ӪҺ϶巨Ĵڣ϶巨Ч죬7ҶĻƽÿϰ巨ʱ䶼6Сʱϣ˵ҶĻ˺ˮ˯Ϣ֮ȫʱ䶼ϰ巨ƴɣƪ巨ϰȴҲþˡ
죬ҶĻ㽫巨еĵһ鶯Բʼϰڶ鶯Ȼ˵ʱʼһ鶯ûˣһ鶯ãҶĻҪһ鶯Ȼӵڶ鶯һ鶯Чӣ弫޵ЧȻҲ͸졣
ڶ鶯ûԲ֮ǰʹȴǵһ鶯տʼϰʱҶĻΪʹ͵һ鶯һû׼֮²۵Ľг
7죬7ʱҶĻ鶯ȫԲˣϰٶȿƿֲ
Ȼܹ7ʱ㽫ƪ巨ǰ鶯ԲҶĻ̬֮⻹һԭǱϰ巨֮ǰҶĻ㱻˲٣ϾҶĻĶͳɱĥĿҲŲСãֻǸʱҶĻûж巨屻ҲֻܹӦõٵһֲ󲿷ֶͬĩ֮ǰ˶Աһǵ㱻ĺܳף۱ٶȣǻЩ֮ˣǵ弫ޱıЩ֮˻ҪףʱǵĽٶȴֲֿҶĻܹ7ȡ˳ɾͱͬЩ˶ԱһҶĻǰĶټ7ƴŬĳɹ


16 
ͬҶĻϰ巨һҲܹԵĸоԼĽٶ½һأΪԭ֮ѾǲѾ׵ˣԺҶĻϰ巨ĻͬһȲˣ7ȡ˳ɾ͵顣
ٶȣ7ǰ˳ĳֻǲ֪˶١ȭͷҶĻǾ7첻ĥʲ¶һ˿ŵ΢Ц
óˡһЦҶĻսM9˼š
˿̲賿5࣬컹ûһƬҶĻסصԭﲢû·ƣ˳ڵСҶĻһ·ӶӪضȥ
ΪڵҶĻҪȥμӴ˴εΣΪ㣬ҶĻеʲҲ25һ㣬ǳޣ޷ҶĻЩǮҶĻƪ巨ԲӪҺ򲻵ҶĻȥ׬Ǯ˴12000ӶɶҶĻŲСΣգҶĻ𣬴ǰ߳ǵһҶĻԼѾԴ˿ˣҶĻҲӵԼҰġ
ƪ巨תǹ֮ҶĻҰĸǱǰδеķŴˣΪߣΪЩ߸ϵĴڣʵһĿΪҪѾ߱һ֣ӵһƪĶ巨Ҫıǲϵϰƪ巨ͬʱԼĥ˴һĥľѻᡣ
οҲܹҶĻӴǸ߸ϵĽߣܹһýߵǺǿĴڣټѾӦ˺ԶˣԴ˴ȥɡ
ʮ֮ҶĻӶӪء
˿ӶӪ֮ʮվһ໥ԻǵȤЩ˵ԻǱȴһѰѲͬʽͬ͵ǹ֧Щ˵߻ŻֶЩŵļһҲǺM0ͬεĻɫЩԺԶΪ׵Ĵ˴Ӷǡ
٣ҶĻСӻǺǰһ5׼ʱҶĻյһһͻǹĸߴӱ˹ҶĻǰһȭ
ȣ˵ҶĻСǲǷˣȻŪ˰M9ԭһ԰һҲ˹󺺸չ㱻ҶĻϵǰM9סˡ
󺺵һкҲĿͶҶĻߣЩҶĻ඼ʶȫӶӪصĳͣһҶĻһҲǽԴ˩ڿϵûٳԣͬҲǰǹ֮ˣM9ͬM0ȻСЩһ۱㽫˳
ҶĻСƽڼĲˣôⶫУϴĸò¿սɡ絽һ˹ʮϡĿҶĻ껵ļ䵱ҶĻĶģƽԸǳڼһҶĻȥɱҰֻǰѹŶİؾͿԿڿҶĻǹ֮ҲЩ档
ǰҶĻСôM9Ҳ
Ǻǣû취˰ҶĻ¶һ԰ڵɫҶĻӦ֮ߣǰȥԵʱ˹ʺˣȻһֻĽġ
ʲôСӾȻڽôû
ݣʱ䶼ûڽԹﾹȻҲȥ
ֲðһͷҲ20ѹСһŪ˰M9һսСӵ治һĺã֪ѾǵĽˡ
˿˿ҶĻһ¶Ľ飬ûκ˻ɹҶĻ˵ٻϾڽԵƵ˿ɲȱҶĻһ
ǽΧΪֵǮ࣬ҳ˲ֶκٶ֮սĿһͷȴֵƣΪĹͷƳҩֱܹӿ弫ޣһûκθãö巨Ϊӽ޵ڶ巨Чʮ΢֮ʱĹͷƳҩԼ弫ٶȿһЩǮ˸巨ϰֱӲͣطҩԼ弫ޣĹͷϵļ۸ʮ֮ߣһмС
һɵĺǽشϱɱһգˣȻżǻᴫڽɱϢ
ҶĻǡˡĴĵøˣʱ䲻֪Ŷȥ
ˣȫԱۣ
Сʱ֮130ӶӪǰĿյϣԶһӱһ˳ųǱ˹ȥ
һҿ㣬ڽءߴһԶӿ˲
ǽߣȻڽˡ̾ϢһҶĻ˿ҶĻҪΪߵĿΪǿˣΪ130˵мǺԶ׻սʿҲһ˶߳˵ҡڵվڽߵˣǽߵרҲֻнǵǿĴڲܹҡڵվڽˡ
һ½½س˳ڽҰϿţһǾԵʶܰ40֮˱˽ıԵش
ӳıһռʮĶڷʮ;ڵС;ҪҪǻֽͬķֽߣͬʱҪҲǵػ֮һ
־ҪǵΧһ32ǳԲνǰΧУǵʹֹ޽ǣҲΪǵĴǵеǲŵԴ32Ҫ֮ͬĵش㱻֮ΪһûֻҰ޵ĵشȻǵĳǽϻŲѷɫ32ҪװС
ڸոյҪԵش֮ʱҶĻ㿴һɫսվ
õˡͬҶĻĲ²һԶֱ˶ȥ֮Զʮֹ˵ܹúԶ׻սʿԴˣ˵ǱǹӶǵĹˡ
ûϵҲǸյһᡣ΢΢һЦûκμӵ˵ʮƽ׽ˡ
ڴ˿̺Զһٶ˰ҶĻһĿ⼯е˵ϡ
ߣųػȴȫͨ˵ĴڣӵԶĿֲĽܹƥһӣֻ˵ԶԶĸ߸ϵĴڽȴ˽վǵǰ濴Ļ»һӡ
һ׺ɫĲ֪սһԲɣȴӣվû˿ĸʺһͨһ㣬ͬҶĻǰֻԶԶЩʮĽȫһϵļһҶĻΪǸðƻ
ֻߵıûһǹ֧Ǳһʮ־޴ĺ񱳴󵶣սһսߣҲֻбս߲Ÿұһվڽ֮⣬ͨʮҲо


17 Ӣ
ǺǣʲôֲޣҲһࡣҶĻ˶һ˵۹⿴Լ߾Ȼû¶һЦҡҡͷҽһ£ҽĬգһսߣˣǰҺһͬһְҵӶ
ˣˣϸѾȸˣ˶һģΪͷ˵ĺԶЦźȵ
ںԶĴҲعԼÿ˵Ŀ⿴ŹȷʵЩ̫ˡ
ߡ
Զһٴ̤;
˿ҶĻǹɶڳΪߵĿҲǿˣȻǰΪӶĬܹΪߣôӵһ׶巨ҶĻأҲҶĻĬ˵ԼǰҲӶʱ˵ҲһҪΪߵĿ֮ġ
ɱսĬպͺԶͷ131˵Ķ߳λǵĽΣյش
ǵĽΧ32װǿС;Ҫפأûκ޿̤ǵĽشޣȺӵҰҲ޷̤뽼ΪֻҪĿոսӽǵĽᱻ32ҪеһֲУųǿװԼʿľҪϰֻǿޱȵҲܹصס32ҪҲ̵ʱڻԮ˵ֻҪǧ޴޳ô32Ҫͭǽڣ޷ƣȻһЩ䵥Ұ޾ͲڹΧ֮ˡ
ϾЩ䵥ҰʵԶǹвûıҪЩ䵥Ұ޽뽼ҲΪڵӶṩһ׬ǮͶĻᣬ˵Щ䵥Ұ޽뽼γһѭá
ǵĽͽ֮ȫ磬Ҫ֪һʷǰĴֱ俪Ľ֮·ǴӴֱ֮лȫһνһӵٶ޽ĻᣬڵԴֱж٣30ڣȫж٣50ңȻ50඼ӵٴν޽Ļᣬȫӵж֮֮Դֱȫ֮Ҳ޷㣬ֱڽߵЭĸ߿ƼЩﵲǵľסأ֮⣬ڳее˿ԹŰȵӣ߳߳ȫΧ֮ʱҪٵıһ磬һ޾Σӵ޾ǿķ磬硣
Щȴӵйԣǵǿװ˹ϰٴεԼȺϮȻϰٴεĽѵЩҲѧˣһΣյĵطЩҲѡ˾ԶǵΧûʲôǿ޻ǴȺĴڣµĽΪͨŵ֮ء
Զڴӳ֮ʱѡĵطǵĸרЩȽ䵥ޣĻΪͨ˵ҲܰȫһЩΣҲܵϲ١
ҪȥĵطȴǵĸˣһΣյĵطӢ꣬һнĵط
˿ҶĻ130ĬյĴ±ܿȺӢȥ
ιҶĻӢǱߵʲôӰ֪ҶĻʵ
ô֪ңͷûκһ֪ϾɲЩͨȥĵطֻ֪ﾭнȥϢҡҡͷҶĻӢҲֻڵ;˵ˣУһ֪ӢԴ
ϻӢԴҸСƶ֪ǽ֮̾෢һҵĴսǳսǽ߱ǧͨ˸ǲҵĳ̶ѾʷᣬǳսĵصӢ֮꣬ӢΪǿطΪ˽ǶӢǵĹܿϧǳսֻͬƽֽЩʱӢ긽ˣȵǳ׽֮ӢһڼҲѸٵĲ˹ʹôٶ̾ޱ㲻ԽǽӽӢޱԽӢĵشһͷ̳ԹߵޣҲ֪ǲġ̾ϢһǶΪ˽ǶֵѪʷ껳˸̾
ҲΪЩӢȱҲֻܳˡͬ̾ϢһЩΪսȱҶĻг˸м;֮飬˵˴ǵӦҲûʲô⣬ϾԸֻ۱޵¶
ⲻǷϻ۱ΧҲСĴڣͨĽһҲĶ֣Щͨȥɱ۱Ļǻ֮ϰٰǹܴܲн۱Ǹ⣬Ƕս۱ĻƺͷӶǽԴ˩ڿϲΣҲûΣտɲϲȥҡҡͷ껶Щڽ۱ĴſǼ£ǶͲͨ˿ԶԸģܹӵаװ֮ľҪ֮еĴս

ͣԭĸСʱ֮ͷһͣ
Ϊ˱֤鵱еÿ˶ӵгϾɲǳڣнʱҲпܻܵ޵Ϯֻбֳǲܹӵ㹻սʱԼȫȡ
ҳԵģĺóԶˡ
У㻹һžͶ㲻ôҵģרΪı㵱
Щŵ˾ͱ԰ˣŪЩ˼ˣһǳԼĸɣﵹеͷ
ԭһóЯʳˮʼ˽ԻָԼȻһ˻ҪԶʱ鿴Ķ˱Ϯ
һ˵ϢʱǵĲԶȴǵӡ
벻Ȼа֣ҪӼԷӦĻֵܽƾˡǰһս
磬˵ˣ˭ֻ֪ĸȻһֻޣҲػģֻҪȥ֮ǮҾͲֻܷȥüͷںӵ
ȥ֮󻨵Ǯ֣ʵڲд˭һȥͷһݣֻѾǻ˲ɡ˻֣ǰҲ˲٣ˣܣϻиҵĸղŵˡ
ҵҲˣղֻͻȻϮﻹ˵ʲôϺһЦ
ģôôùѲƽ۸˵ıӦݣˡüͷǰٴףôǰв˰ͻȻӷǰϢҶĻˡ


18 ֵ
ףǡſ˵Χ𾯽ҶĻԶģӰҶĻM9ĸ߱׼˹ȥ
Ӧˣ߹Ѱġø߱׼ҶĻĿ˵òӣڿõսʱҶĻˣҲǡ
ԣǽߡǽҶĻ۹ת˵ıֻӵͬĬһĲǹ֧ǵ󶼹һѾ޴ĸͷҶĻ˲϶ǽߣϾڻҰû˿֮ɫҲֻнˡ
ಡ
ͻȻҶĻԼȻͬһʱȴʧҶĻߵС
ÿ죬ǽ𣿡ҶĻͷ亹ڻҰͽսҶĻѻ侫տϾҶĻһֱǾѻǹʵսĥľѻڴ˴130˵ҲһģȻĻԶҲҶĻ룬˿ȴ˲ʧҶĻߵУҪ֪ΪһѻֶסǱ޿ΣǰͬԶɱ֮ʱҶĻѴֻ޵ȴҲӳҶĻ߷ΧӳҶĻ߷ΧҶĻҲܺܿٴ׼ǣɴ˿ȴ˲ʧҶĻ߷ΧУû˿ס
ҲȻȫʧˡ
˺üǶҶĻͣѰߵӰȴһͲ˿Ӱ
СӣӲСղ㾹Ȼǹ׼ӡ
ҶĻѰߵӰʱһŵҶĻĶߡ
áëէ˲ҶĻһӦǰγǹԵУΪԶ϶Ǹ˾ԼߣˣҶĻոҪǹʱһǿҵϢгԺ
Ǻǣ磬СΪһͨ˸ովȻǹָǣеɫ΢΢һЦСӿűסӵҶĻ¶һ˿Ϸʵɫ
ߣⱲᱻǹָţСǲҪΪӿеҶĻߵһɲ̵Ŀ֣ȻСҾͳȫ㡣
군ˡ
ӵĻҶĻ˲ӴȣһǿҵϢֱҶĻԺҶĻڸܵϢ֮һӦҶĻӵֺһѸǯһԼǱҪĶʾȻ޷˿
顣
ͻȻǹˣһ˶ӵƿֱҶĻӵͷȥ
ಡ
ܿƱ۾һֻƫƫԴ㽫ǿ˶ӵ˹ȥ
գգգա
ǻû꣬Էǹ֮һĻǹˣӵʱʮӵƿӵǰЩӵܹȡӵҪ֪ӿǸ߸ϵĽߣͬһǿĴڡ
ȡ
ȻֻڴʱͬӳΪƵһӶˣǰѱĴ󸫲֪ʱѾУ󸫺ɨʮӵȻȫɨ˿ûκһӵܹӽˡ
ǽɨʮӵȴǲΪ˿鵱е˶ӳ˹ҶĻȻһİЩȫЯǹ׼ӡ
ס֡
˴һǹɱʱԶϤıˡ
ͷҶĻ
ԶȻʱסȺ˳ָűŲϺҶĻżֵ˵
λߣºԶ֪ҵ˵ʲôطλԵĻλһСһû껣Զ˹ӹرȭ˵
ʵڸղǹ֮ʱԶ԰һԵĻǹҪɱǺԶȴûע⵽ĶǱӵ䶼һ׹һ˽ʸеε׹ֻн߲ʸĶǽߵ
٣ӣϼ˫Ŀ֮еĲ֮ɫɴڣ¶һ˿ЦҶĻӵٴμ˰ѾҪֱӽҶĻĲϡ
һ裬ӼĻ֮ȫеǹ׼ӣȻӵȴûг˿ľ֮ɫϰеǹ֧ǹƵء
ߣľӲҵأ
ͻȻۿҶĻĲӱҪһ֮ʱһˣǴ˴ĹĬյֻ󵶵Ĭղ֪ʱѾ˵ߣ˵һȭ㳯󴦴˹ȥ˿Ҳ֪ߵ֣ľҶĻӵǺ
ĬաǱϰǹָźҲûг˿Ĭճֵ˲ɴ˫ۣһɾ֮ɫϡ
ಡ
֣ϰ˵вȻҪҶĻĺˣֻĬյһȭһȭûдֱۡ
ͨһں֮ѾϺϢҶĻֱſ˵ϡ
ߣĬգȻҽձһӣܣߡй˼һֵڷſҶĻ֮ûκԥת뿪
ҶĻôû°ɡֵߺǰɫϺҶĻ
ȿȿȣû£ֻЩϢһͺˡſڵϵҶĻ˰֡
û¾ͺãղ߼ֱǷ蹷ӹ⡣
һ񾭲û¾Ȼɱˡ
ߣҪǽߵĻԻ쵰ͬΪྐྵȻ׵ıҪɱ֡
˵в˶ĿҶĻܵľȻںֻҶĻǹҪɱҶĻһ˳
һ֮˽ҶĻһԱٶ

鷳ˡ̾˿ԶԴǸĶĬ˵
ǣûʲôͺľֵƽ˶ͨ˵ݽ棬ǰûٺǷĦһΡ˰֣ڸղŵĬղûзᵽֵʱĬյĻ֮Ҳ͸¶һ֮⣬ȻֵĬպᡣ
˴¼ҶĻĬ˿ҶĻ˵޺ֵǼٵģκһΪֿЦûκζɱ˲ŪͷŭȻʢ˵ҶĻСˣҶĻʲô취أֵܼϰҲ治ɫƾһСôܱ
ľҼˡȭͷҶĻ˵ӡУһҲܹĻ֮𶨵ʮ֮
˿ҶĻҪΪߵĿٶȱ޷ŴˣСζҶĻ̵ᵽˣƾƪ巨ǰ鶯ʾȻ޷һ˿һֱǸ˼ҾôǹָҲ޷ֵκΣУҶĻҪ֮ĻֻгΪ߲С


19 ִӢ
˿̸ողɱҶĻĺͺľֵȴδԶھ˲Զһ֮صȴš
Ĭ˵ûٻӵĺ£ɱһһͨҲҪܣߣҸһҪɵڵϣҶĻһķгԹ
磬ĬƽȷʵûٺֵȥʵҲһܰڵƽҪɱĻüͷĬյʵľй˼ɣĻĬճ֮Ҳô뿪ˡ
ϾǻҰǳڣ֮żĽɣֹκɱ¾ǽҲһǵƹƶĹֵܻûǸȥڻҰͲͬˣûôﲻвͬҲն񣬾ɱͺľֵܱûɱˣֵܵԸĬյʵ̫ǿҲûʤİյĻʹˡ
ĬȻһߣǵеĺҲ٣ĺ˺ƤĻҲճͬںĺľΪȻҲ쳣ݶ֮ǰǵıȽܵ
ˣ߰ɡ
ո˵ǷҲǺͷϣľһѺҲԼҪɱĬղһ׵£ĬյǿʵĽȦ׽ġ
ȵȣ硣ͨ˱Ҫ뿪ľæס
ôѲɻ𣿡üͷںľľٶǲ⡣
磬Ȼ˵ɱĬյĺ»ǿԵġ¶һ˿Ц˼ܵĺľ͸¶ıζѵ㲻ĬմôӶǺܹŹ𣿡
˵Ȼʣͬ¶һ˿Ц
߳޷ǾɱޣĬγ֮ʱһβǶһˣһȴôӶȻҪɱ޶Ȼһ㣬пĳޡ˵ͷľ˵
ޡüͷһ˲뵽˹޵ϡ
޻ޣֻ޵еĵλȽ⣬׻˵ĺãһɽݶͬһȺҲͷ죬Ȼ޵ͨҰ޵ȴ޵ĳɰǧЩͨҰ̳˴ֱǰϰԣϲȺγһȺǵ㱻֮ΪޣȻܹΪıޣҲֻ޲ѹϰֻҰޣһɽݶһȺҲڣÿȺһֻ֮ʱޱὫֻϳȺֻսʤ޳ΪµޣȻֻǴȺϰԣϻһЩɳɰǧֻγɵĿֲȺǲֲĴڡ
ҲͨҪѶԸĶ࣬ΪӶǵĴǳ֮ʱѡɱĿ඼ǱϳȺ䵥ޣҲռΧ޵Ĵ󲿷֣ȴͬ޲ʵҪͬǿĶǻӵгɰǧĲ£һͬ޿սôҪԸһֻҰ޴ͨĽһ˵Ļ޷ƽޣҪɱ޴߶һȥȻҲһЩͬĬһǮӶһЩͨ˰æԸ޵Ĳ¶ԼȥսޣĽǶԼʵΪ֮ҹӶӶĻҲҪ˵Ķࡣ
ͺľֵܱɱޣһ˸ԸҰȺһ˸նɱޣֻԸǽΪСޡ
磬ͨ˵սҲô㣬ĬչӶǳסҰȺܸʲôɱЩǿ޵Ļһٶͨ˸ͲˣĬҲһ㣬ԡһЦľȻĬյĿķ˳
ǣĬյʵ˴ɱ޶Ȼͨɫʱ˵ܲһ֣Ҽǲ岻ҲҪĬհһΡľķҲͨˣ˿̺ǺĬմеҪԸޡ
ڴֵܱ֮ﶢŲԶ˵ȴٶȳ

ʱ䵽
ʮ֮ȫϣԶԵػǹһٴ·ˡ
ҶĻô·ϺԶҶĻɫѾָʵ
ûˣͷ˰֣ҶĻ˿ҶĻȷʵѾûʲôˣźֻסĲʹЩ㣬˶ʮӵϢ֮ҶĻѾ׻ָˡ
û¾ͺãߡҶĻļ򣬺ԶˬһЦߵ˶ǰ档
ˣȽǰɡһҶĻŬֵܵѹﲻȥ룬˿ҶĻҪǴ˴еһеε֮˵
ҶĻԼ˶û뵽Ǹողɱĺֵܴ˿ȴԶԶصǵŸ߱ԶԶԾĬλҲûзֵܵĴڡ

˵ʶܲߵҲܿ죬ټ϶һֲҲΪ˽һ·˿νǳֱֱӢȥһ˼һ131ˣиһߴڣЩֱҲûȥϮˣϾĬɢûпϢͨȻо̫ԵЩȴܹԵظо
Сʱ֮˵ִĿĵأӢ۵֮أӢꡣ
ͣԭ
ֺԶ˱ԭʼΪ˱Ҫʼսˡ
Ӣ꣬ЩΪ˽ǶӢǵ֮ءſǰҶĻͬǰһ˾䣬˿ҶĻĿȴѾǰĶסˡ
Ӣǲ̫Զ˵ո߳ǵܱߵشӢıԵˣҶĻһ˴˿ڵλñҶĻȴһֱֻڵ;˵ûֻ˿ҶĻϸϸĴǰӢꡣ
һ޼ʵĻҰĹʯ쳣ľɢɢţǰһпͬҶĻ߹ĵطû̫Ĳ֮ͬҶĻĲԶһߴʮ׵ʯĻҶĻΪԼ˵ط
ʯԴҶĻ˵Ϊڴ˵صȱĲƳɵģܹ겻ҼǽҲѽٵ
ֻǿߴʮ׵ʯʺɫĴֵϡ
Ӣꡯ
֣ʺĴ֣ҶĻƿʮǰڴ˵չǳҾ徵Ĵս޷˵еͬ棬һλһλҵƬϡ
˿̣ҶĻʺɫĴֺƽնȾһ㣬Ѫɫ


20 ۱
Сӣٿˡ
ʱһҶĻĶˡ
ѵҶĻתͷ㿴󵶵Ĭղ֪ʱѾߵԼߣĬλҶĻǺ𾴵ġ
ǺǣˣǶͨǿ˵Ļ־ġ΢΢һЦĬָǱߵʯѵ
Ĭ˵ҶĻҲ뵽Լղŵľ״̬ҶĻоԼƳһ㸽ǿʯϣԼԺжһƬѪ죬ɱҲԼĶ߲𣬶ԼΧȴһоҲûУ뵽ֵĸоҶĻһ亹һʯȻİĸо
ʯʲô𣿡üͷҶĻǿʯǺ棬ھǷо֮Ǻˡ
ʵҲûʲôǿʯʯϵȴһλǰ̣ʯİ֡ǿʯĬյ¶һɾ֮ɫжλǰľҲжЩսǵľ壬λǰǵǳսлĽߣλǰڵʱԼǿУʹκڿʱܵʮǰǳҵĴսΪ˼Щսңλǰľʵ̫ǿˣʯ֮ʹڿʯ֮ʱֻܸоǳսˣͨǿ˵ĻǻһЩãʹͨ˵ԺвԾĳǳսһЩӰ񡣡
ҶĻɴ˫ۣ˿ҶĻʵ󲻳λֵǰӵкܣȻʹܹӰ쵽ˣҪ֪ʯѾ54ˣǳս֮ʱµģ54ȥʯϵȴܹӰ쵽ˣĬյ˼ܹȥ54굫ʯλǰľȴûг˿֮ƣˣ͸©Ķֻλǰһ˿ˣ󲿷ɷʯ֮С
ҶĻѾ޷λǰʵжǿˡ
ˣλǰΡ뵽ͬΪҶĻ㲻ԾĽĬպλǰһȽϡ
ңǺǣҲ̫ˡĬԳҡҡͷөԣλǰڽ·˲֪Զĳǿߣͬλǰ֮Ĳͬөһ㣬ûκοɱԡ
ˣҲҪˡ
ҡҡͷĬһ㳯ӢǱֱȥȻĬҪˡ
ߣģͬΪߣЩֻͨ޲ɱЩȴֻܹгɰǧޣλǰӦںߡ˿ҶĻҰĿʼˣΪλǰһĴڣһ뷨ҶĻһţȻҶĻҲԼεҶĻȴǽ˿뷨زУΪҶĻף붼ĻôԶҲɲλǰǿĴڣֻӵ뷨ٸж֮ɹŻ֡
ҶĻţѾȥ۱ˡҶĻ֮ʱ껵ҶĻ
ŶعҶĻϽM9˹ȥ
˴ĬչӶǱҪǰæס۱µҰޣʱ۱ĬԶԸҶĻΪ˶Ը۱µҰ޴￪ʼ˲ãҲԼЯźõȴĬս۱Ǳ㸺ɱЩҰޡ
ҶĻ⼸ѻ˼ߴ˾ѻǹҪЩܹĶͬвҰޣͬʱҪѻͽϴʵǿҰޡ

ҶĻ׼֮ʱǧҵĺֵȴˡ
ݣܣĬӾȻҴһЩӶӢԣѵɡŸ߱ԶüͷǰֵڸҶĻ֮ʱоЩԾΪߵͨӢ·ȴδϣΪĬֻ·ӢˣΪǽҪǰӢҲҪţҪ2ˣɾڸղĬձӢ֮ʱ֪Լˣ˼ҵԵص㻹
磬ҿһ˼ܵĺľȴҡҡͷ磬ӢĿֲЩͨȻ˽⵫ҲӦ֪нЩͨ˸Ͳȥ߳ǸΧ񣬸˵ӢˣĬյܺãЩͨҲܺãЩͨȴҲΪ
Σüëɱ˼̫Ͻһʱ֮仹ûͨ
ҲĬԵĵصӦֻӢԵشĬҲкܴΣգӢ޿ɲǳصģпܴ˴ĬҪԵһֻ˻ʵ󽵵ޣȻЩҲֻҵĲ²⡣üͷľԼĲ²˵˳
ˣȹ۲һɣ޳ĺĲһĻǾͳ֣ȻˡľĲˣƬ̺Ϊ˰ȫǾô۲һӵĺá
Ȼֵȴ֪ľĲͬʵѾȫǺˣ˴ĬҪɱޣͬľĲ벻һĬҪɱĲһֻ˵޶һֻ۵޽۱ʱڵĽ۱ʵ󽵣۵ǰһ죬ʱ
Ĭϴγ֮ʱ;ӢıԵشֵģΪȷµʵĬյ׵3죬ֱȷֻ۱۶ȺֻٶֻԱʱĬղŻٸϻǡ
صλĬĵһ±ȥӶӪˣǱ˺Զһ˸龰Ϊʲôѣܼ򵥣֮Ĺأ˳ּݣĻĬձҪֳһԶͲͬˣֻҪ200ЩǮͨ˿֣Ĭնȴʲôܶ࣬ĬаնԸֻ۵Ľ۱
ںͺԶ̸֮ĬձͺԶǩ˺ͬúԶڽڳӦ⼸ĬΪԷһһֱҲڽӦԶһʱ뿪
Ĭյļʮ׼ȷֻ۱۵ǰһ죬Ҳʵ֮ʱ

ޣʲôӰſڸߴҶĻ˿̺ڴΪûޣϾҶĻҲֻǸźԶɱ޶ѣΪͬ޵еǿߣޣҶĻΪڴģȻҪԸĲֻ޽۱ֻǽ۱Ⱥ
ˡ
ͻȻҶĻԶһӰ߼ٱͨM9ϵĸ߱׼ҶĻȷĬգ˿ĬյٶѾҶĻֱ֪ͬһһҶĻȫܵٶȻҪϺüٶȼٱܵĬȴû˿ƣ֮ɫȻⲢĬյļٶȡ
𡣡
Ұ޵˻ֻĬʮ֮һֻͿԱСһ˫ɫӵԱ׷ҶĻֻԱ޽۱ֻ۱һһ߳Ĭ˻ţ֮гŭ⡣


21 
۱Ϊıٶȣǽ۱еǿ޽۱ٶȸǿƿֲȻҶĻɻǴ˿̵޽۱Ȼ׷Ĭա
ʵ̫ǿ˰ɡԵ˵ͷҶĻҲֻΪˡ
ʱҶĻԶĺֵҲЩ֣ĬյʵҶĻ˽ȴΪ˽⣬ĬȫٶҲͱһĽ۱ܿһ˿ˣ޽۱һЩģǴ˿ֻ޽۱ȴ׷ĬգһκֵҲЩȷǵĲ룬ֻ޽۱ʵˡ
磬ȱ𼱣ٿЩҪȥľæ磬ֻ۱Ÿո˿̵ٶǻܶ϶ʵǷ½ˣٵȵȡ
𡣡
ںľո˵ֻ֮ⷬ޽۱ٴδһҰԵĺÿ˵Ķͬʱ޽۱ʵҲչ˳ֻٶ˲˶δһ̳Ĭֱ˶ȥԭͬĬ֮ʮ׾Ҳһ˲䱻һ롣
ಡ
ĬҲǳصģʵǺֵҲһܹȵϣ޽۱ոս˴֮ľĬձ㿪ʼȫͷ֣Ĭմ˿̵ٶ˿ѷɫڱĽ۱޽۱ȫȻͬĬջʮ׵ľ룬׷ϡ
𣬺𣬺𡣡
ʱһҰ˻ˣֳ˵˻ֻӢǱֻͲһԱ֫ھĻҳֱֱЩԱһͶ˶˿ֱ֮ǰЩͽСԱСҲֻ޽۱һСǴֱ֮ǰԱ2СĸǽӽǰԱ4СȻЩԱֻ޽۱ȺϾͷ󲢲ʵǿͨԱڽΪ۱֮ͷҲֻ޽۱СܸСһЩ
𣬶Ҵ򡣡
ЩԱոԽʯԶһһǹˡ
˿̵ĺԶս׼һѿھߴ18׵ͻǹһƽִھʮֽӽڵĻǹǰǰװս̹ϵģû˿Խ䵱ǷŵҶĻҲѽ䵱ãҲֻкԶֶ׻սʿԶ˵ʲܹá
գգգա
ǹһɱ¾֮ӵֻǹڴһЩ18׵ӵ㱻˳ȥںԶϵӵҲһ
գգգգ飬顣
ԶһҲŶˣһЯˣһʱڵĵطγ˽㣬ϰٰǹĻ̻һãǹ֧ĳŭγһʡ
𣬺𣬺𡣡
ǰļֻԱǵصӵϮˣԭ˶һ˲㱻ӵӵز
˿ЩԱδӽ֮ʱ㽫ȫ𣬿ĻǴ˴Ҳ̫ˡ
𡣡
䣬˿ЩԱʼչ֮
ٶȣԱƱǵٶȣ޽۱ٶȸǱͬĽ߻Ҫϲ٣ͬЩԱٶȼǲЩޱͨҲ˲֪٣Ҫ֪ڴֱ֮ǰЩӵԱٶȱԶˣǵޣȻЩֱ֮ԱȻıϰ޵ѹ±ȺﵫǾһνֱ֮ǰȴˣǵٶȸ죬ãǿ
ֻһҰ˻ЩԱȻֿˣٶֻԱ׷Ĭתʮ·߿񱼶ÿһֻԱٶȣһʱӵȻȫ˿ճֻкٵһִЩһϣ˶𵹴ҰҪǿĶȴͲһӵӰ졣
ݣ˱ߴ򣬲ܱЩ㡣ԶʵսḻҲԸȺЩȻɢһǵٶƶӵһ߳߿񱼺Զ̴һǹʼ˱ߴ
ѻҲţӸɵֻһߴ˺˺Զһ߷
ǣҳˡ
΢΢һЦ׼õҶĻǹڶ׼һֻԱ
顣
ǹһŴ׵͵ľѻǹܷɳ
ಡ
һǹ18׵ƴ׵ֱֱĴһֻԱͷֻԱ˲
⣬⣬Ҵģ׼ֻԼһǹԱҶĻ񣬲漴ҶĻˣ֣ǰҶĻǹѻĻҲܴһֻԱ壬пܻǷſǹϾЩԱٶʵ̫ˣҶĻܹӦҲϷӦ˿ҶĻȴ֮ͬǰˣӦ˲ҶĻ۶˰ٶȱ֮ǰҪ࣬ڻİҲǰҪ٣ټM9ĿֲҪԲŻһǹ
ȻѻҪıǶԻİգ׳ƸоľѻܹڰʱҵǸᣬǰҲܹҿĿ꣬Ϊҵ˻ҿǹʱȴѾˣڲͬʱ֮ǰӦҪǿ0.7ңһڰס˲巴ӦҲ˲٣ǹĺҲܸӦ磬ȻҲܹ׼ȷĿ꣬⻹ǲҸղ׼ֻԱ۾еȴͷЩԱͷҲһҪܹһǹҲЩʺ˵ζһüǿС˲ҶĻԺбԴ˴ξѻܽᣬԶԶ
飬飬顣
ڸߴҶĻеM9Ϸһǹее˻𣬽ʮʱҶĻ7ǹ7ǹ֮һ2ֻԱУҶĻʵˮ׼ղһǹȷʵһЩ߹ʺ˵ζҲѾˣǰҶĻ7ǹܹһֻԱѾܲˡ
λá
7ǹҶĻM9һҺõľѻ˹ȥΪ̶̵ʱȺԱѾܹһľ룬ٲ˵ĻһҶĻλñΪΣ֮ء
㣬ҼӰѾҪЩܹһߺһߴĺԶٴδһΪ˿ٶֻԱѾʮֻˡ
ͬԱȺչս֮ʱ˴սĬͬ޽۱Ҳˡ
ȡ
һѾ޽۱ĬհγĴ󵶣ֻĴ󵶻ƿһǰƳŽ۱˹ȥһٶȣǱ涼ԶԶس˳˵ķΧ̾ڼһҲᱻĬһնϡ
Ĭյһֻ֮޽۱ҲƸоǿҵΣһֹͣ׷Ĳһܿһ
䡣
Ĭһնգֱ棬һĻ˲˵ϣһԿһѳǿһǽߵʵ


22 
ԱĲʳʽǱ׼èƶĲʳʽǾ޻޽۱Ҳ⣬ڶĬյһֻ֮޽۱˲ǰһ˫צĬյץ˹ȥͬʱҲ׼ĬյĲӣֻ޽۱һٶ쳣Ŀ죬˿˿Ħٶȿµġ
һҪһͨ˵ĻͷӦڵȵ޽۱ҧ˵Ĳʱ˲ԼҪˣҲֻн߲ܶͬвɱ
ǣȻ۵ǰһ죬ʵֻ۷ʱڵһ롣о֣ٶһĬղδ¶κξ֮ɫ¶һ˿ϲ⣬Ϊ˿ֻ޽۱ֳʵһЩͨ޽۱
ȡ
ٴαһȴıĬս󵶺׾ٵĵסֻ޽۱һ˽Ƿ˫צ˴ϡ
顣
ͬʱĬһ߳ҽŴǿҵľֻ޽۱ĶƤϣֻ̼ǿޱȵ޽۱㱻Ĭһ߷˳ȥ
˿ҶĻǿһĻĻȻԾ˵˵޽۱ˣһֻΪͨҶĻҲûܹһ߷ɣҶĻļǵͬԶɱʱ龰һһ30ǹȻȫֻ˹ȥ̵ĴڸмûУڶڿ20ǹֻ֮ޣֻȴζûһ£ӵֱӱֻ޿˼⵱УӶɼֻ޵жôǿ˵޽۱ˣֻ޽۱ͨ˾һѴ󴸹Ҳѽ亳ĬȴһŽ߷ˡ
𡣡
ط޽۱Ϊ۵Եʶʵ󽵵ɻӵһʵص˲ֻֻ۱һٴվ˵ϣ˿ֻ۱ȴûٶȽǽĶĬվԭûж
ߣҪԸ޵ĻҵʵҲҪҸ֣졭һֻֻһʵĽ۱Ĭտɲ֣æĬеĴ󵶴һǰ֮ƶǰĽ۱˹ȥ
˻
ĬһνȫΪ֮ǰ̽ԵһҪǿ˽һ룬ȻٶҲ˲٣Ĭһֻ޽۱ѡܣĬһʵ̫ˣ۷ʱڵ޽۱ĻȻܹʮ׵ȥʱ˵һˣĬտʮֻ޽۱ҲӦ磬ȴֻһʵȻҲȥ֮ܲ²ĬյĴ󵶻ˡ
˺ѰĬյĵ޽۱ϻһĻۣɺɫѪһһε޽۱¡
ʵǿͨޱܹסһM0ľѻ˵޽۱ˣĬյĵȴ׾ٵֻ޽۱ϻһĻۣȻֻ޽۱Ϊʵ󽵶޷ܴĹϵһҲɼĬյʵǺεǿͨ޻һӶ
𣬺𡣡
Ĭһˣֻ޽۱ױԣһͳ˻߲𣬶Ĭյһ˫Ҳɱ⡣

ˣ޽۱ٴǰˣƷ׷Ĭ֮ʱֻ޽۱ٶһ˲һأһ˫צ˿˿ƿֱĬնȥ
ȻҪƴˣãһԽ㡣ϲ֣Ĭռ˱㱬ȫֻ޽۱˹ȥͬƴ֮ơ
ʱڲԶһеҲˡ
磬ֻ֣޽۱˫Ѿ˵ɫ3۵ʱ䣬ڵʵҲֻ۷ʱڵһ࣬˿¼񡣡һľȰγ˱Ĵ󸫳Ž۱Ǳ߿ȥ
Ǻǣİɣ¼ͿˣǸȷġһЦͬγ˱Ĵ󸫳˹ȥ
ǽ۱޵һʵֶΣͬƤһ㣬ÿһλ۽۱ʵһأž9λ۽۱ٶȽΪһָ߲ε壬۶ڽ۱ķȴҲСΪǰһ¿ʼʵһֱ½еĽɫҲ䵭ֱ۵ǰһʵ½۷ʱڵһ룬еĽɫҲɵɫһʱǽ۱ʱڣΪԼ޳Ե۵Ľ۱ѡԶޣҲԭֻ޽۱ŻȺӢ֮ӢıԵشȴû뵽ȻᱻĬոϡ
Ĭգһ룬ֻ޽۱ֵ֮ҪˡһߴЦźеĴ˹
ĬգþòһЦľҲˡ
ľȻĬյɫû뵽ջ֮ʱȻᴳˣ˻ǺԹСĺֵܡ
ߣ۱ĳ˻ӦҪ֡Ĭպȵ
ô첻ˣҰ֡΢΢һЦľ˿Ĭɫ󸫳޽۱˹ȥ
ŭĿԲ˭ڼ֮ʱͻȻֶƽԼвСĦļһһܣ˵ĬⳣͬɱĽˡ
Ǵ˿Ĭȴֵ¼װãҲ˵һж¼ʱ۱һ˺նɱģĬֻܵõ֮һĬҪǲԸֳĻǴԽ¼ǹʱĬձҪһͷǸʱĬտǰٿĪˣ֤ɽұˣԺĬҪֵĻҲң˭Ըһ˺
ĬմʱɱֵܣĬջ߱ǵʵҲѹסֵһͷˣԴ˿Ĭֻվһ龰ֵ˵ˬ졣
ɶ񣬽ĳ˼ǲҪֻ۱ҲҪѵѵ˵Ĭյһɾ֮֡
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۱ǳֵǮϾͨҪǿһأһֻ޽۱ܹ200һ㣬۱еǿ޽۱͸ˣҲֵ1000Ļ1500Ҳϡ棬ΪƤëͷצӣͨ޶ҪǿĶ࣬ͬȲϵеļƷ޵ɱѶҲܴ޵ʬϵļ۸񶼷ǳߡ
1500ǶĬջǺֵܶԶһСĿǶԺֵܶԣԺֵܷǳҪֻ۱ϷָһԭǵĴƻĬյԣڿֻ۱֮Ǳı⣬һֻʵ󽵵޽۱ֻҪŪǱֵֵܵһˡ


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ۿҪɱ˺ĬյȻ֣Ŵ׷˹ȥ
˿Ϊܵܵĺľ׷Ѿ˵޽۱˺ԶսĲԶΪŽ۱ܵķȺķ
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˴롣һſڸߴҶĻɢɢԱɵ¶һ˿΢ЦҲûôΣհ
ǾҶĻոһ֮ʱһɼΣյĸоȴͷΣյĸоֻҶĻһǰԼһɱʱֹסʱҶĻҲûгֹ˸оɸоҶĻȻǼ£ΪΣյĸоʵ̫ǿң޷ҶĻǡ
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˿ҶĻԺгǹֱΣո֮һٵ֮߲ǹҰ޵˻ҶĻҲ

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ҶĻ°Σǵʶ˿ϵػصһ仰Ҫ
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24 ԾǨ
˿ҶĻԺֻһͷʱΪΪԭʼͷ֮һΪ鶼ϣ٣ϵһжȥʱκ鶼԰ǳ׵ľ˿ҶĻѡ
ҲҪţš
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֮ıҶĻʧȥʶ

ǣοܡ˵޽۱󣬺ľٶһԾ޽۱ĸǰ˿ֻ޽۱ΪʧѪٶѾԵ½ԺľһԾ޽۱ĸǰ
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תͷ֮ӳľȴӵӰһڶǹڣǹڵıϱעM9ǿM9
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ոҶĻһǹֱǿ磬ľЩӦͲһͨ˿ԴģֻһǿĽ߲ܴһǹ
⣬⣬ԾǨСӾȻ˽ҪĹͷʵ˻ԾǨ񣬿ҶĻ˿̵κľôܲ׵׷ʲô¡
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ãÿڸոʵֻԾǨ֮ʱµ״̬ʱǱ˹Ļô˱ŹչĽҸոһڿ֮ʱƱѾ˻ԾǨ˵ĻҵһӦǿ˼״̬
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ÿڸոɻԾǨ֮ʱ֮ʵԶһĽߣܣܾҵʵǵҲֻͨΣ֮ھԲĶ֡
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ǹ˶M9˿ҶĻޱȣڳ嵽ľǰ֮ҶĻеM9һ˦㽫ڶǹڶ׼˺ľüģҶĻ㿪ǹˣһϵжҶĻֻ˲ӵʱ䡣
ɶ֮ǰͲӦ÷Сӡͷٴһƫľһһ߶ҶĻڸܵӵԼĶ߻ľʱľЩˣڲӦڼСʱ֮ǰҶĻϲûкҩ
ȡ
һľڶһǹ֮еĴնҶĻ䡣
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ȻĹȴû˿ãʱ˼״̬ҶĻٶȣӦҪȺľҪһأľڻӶ󸫵˲ҶĻҽҲˣֻ顯һҶĻҽű˺ľĴ󸫲档


25 ͻ
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󸫱סľ԰Ҫ󸫴ҶĻĽ³ҶĻҽȴӵǧ֮һƾľηҲֻܽ󸫳鶯һ˿޷ȫתۼľ㲻ٳ鶯ˡ
á
ںľѾҪ󸫴ҶĻĽ³֮ʱ˶M9ǹѾؿڣһҲֻת˲֮ˣҲ˵ҶĻҽŵסľ󸫵ͬʱѾתǹ׼˺ľľֱ˿̷ŷӦ֮ºľһ亹
Ҳǳ켣ڻҰĽߣȻһ亹ķӦȻ쳣
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ǹ𣬺ľ˫ָո뿪󸫣˫ҶĻ۶M9İһ˶ӵǹ֮зɳźľؿڴ˹ȥ

ܺľѾѡҼ㣬M9ʵ̫ˣټҶĻĿǹٶѳԽͨ˵ķ룬ԺľûȫҶĻһǹֻһҽкľϱһѪͨѪ
һĻó˿˾ԻһǳԾҶĻܹкľǳԾںľڱM9֮˿ڣҪ֪M9ĿھǸߴ19ףһǹҪǴͨ˵ϵĻ˵۹ƻ˲䱻M9ӵһֱȻںľȴֻôһ˿ڣͨ˵۱һǹƵأɴ˿ɼľǺεȵĿֱֲһЩˡ
ɶСӣţΪ˽ҲһҪɱ㡣
ǿڲ֪ʹǿϴʹľԼƽٶԶȥҪ֮ľ˻ȴɻصһȻڼ״̬ҶĻǲġ

ںľߺһһֱһߵĺԶһʱսҲѾˣ޽۱֮ʱѾµȺԺԶ˴ʱҲս
ͷղҶĻģΪʲôҶĶ̽ͷ껿ҶĻ˵ͬʱ߹ȥ
꣬ȥҶĻСײˣȻڹؼʱ̳Ϊ˽ߣڵѾ˼״̬ӽĻǶΣաһסҪȥ껣Զæ͵
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СѾǽˣ˿̵״̬ȴΣգòҪȥﾲصžͿˡ˵ͷԶɫƽ˵˵仰ʱԶȴһ˿пΪĶ׻սʿûгΪߵһִҶĻȴѾһ·ںԶҲγһִ̼
˵˺ԶȰ֮㾲Ĵԭûйȥ˼״̬ҶĻںľߺM9סˡ

ӹһɾ紵˿˿ҳɾ֮ԭμҶĻȻ˿˿ҡΣһɾܽһԾΪߵҶĻƵء
ǣСӣȻʱͻˡ
ҶĻ弴ɾ紵֮һ󵶵ӿ첽ߵҶĻǰסˣǰȥ׷ɱĬա

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ҡҶĻüͷһʱ֮仹ЩĬյ˼
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26 
ûɣȷʵǽߡҶĻһŵ飬Ĭյ˵ͷ˵㻹ǲŵĻǾͿ
˵ĬԼֵ֣ȴһҶĻɻĬյԼʲôʱĬյֶˡ
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ĬյֻӶҶĻ֪Լʲôˣǻҳǿ΢ɼĻҳĬյֻӶҶĻȻ˿Щƽ޷ۿϸСĻҳȻ˵ֻܿһЩţȷʵˣһѾ˵ķ롣
ٻԼոˮͿǱˮ˿ҶĻЩȻЩǻþͻʵģԼܹǱֹˮҲǱˮʱϸ΢졣
˰ɡٴλ˻֣Ĭ΢΢һЦֻн߲ܿĶΪߵĻͨ˵ĻϾһԾǨһνγɵġ
ϸ˵Ȼ൫ͬͨȴһȼϵǵĻԼĸ涼ҪԶͨںͨ˵ĹżĲ˵Ǹͨεĸ߼ҲΪ
ͺñ㿴ЩеϸСҳͨҪĻûһЩȽǲܵģ˭ԿõЩͨȻӾ弫ޣǱܣеȵȣÿǶҪͨǿ̫࣬Ǳ֮Ϊ˵ĴҲ޵

ҶĻԼ龡侲ȻĬյĽ˵ҶĻѾԼһˣһж̫ͻȻˣͻȻҶĻ޷ܵĵزͨ˼ĲƱҪ̼
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ˣڵӹƻҪϢ죬ҾͲˡվĬձҪ뿪
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ҶĻٴ˯˹ȥ

һҶĻ˯ڲ֮ϢҶĻСܹһΣϺõҽƻÿ˰ʱ͵ÿٷԵĶǳӪĸ߼ʳҸչҶĻʿϵĸҶĻŵ磬ôСԵֶûǣҶĻʮܡ
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šӹϢ濨ҶĻ˵ͷ


27 
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ͱȺϽţŻеҶĻҲ˽߱ĵкųƽõĲ⵽ʲôӡ
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ҶĻ߽ȥ֮㽫ϽŹ

һҶĻ̨֮ǰŽϢ濨˽ȥ
֣ȨѿһϡҶĻϢ濨˽ȥԵһһѡҳҶĻǰ
⣬ս⣬ǹս⣬սǼܱ⣬巨սȿɡǰļѡҶĻȴ㿴⡣
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ⱾҪ꣬ȸƹȥԺٿҡҡͷҶĻ⸴ƽϢ濨С
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ս⣬ҪǽܱսߵһЩʶԼϣǹսҪǽǹսߵĳʶϣȻսǼܱҲǽսǺܱǵϸˣҶĻ㹻Ȩ޶иƣҶĻ临
ڿǹսĿͷʱҶĻȴüͷ
ǹսߣһֺҼѳɾ͵Ľս࣬ʼ׶ΣĽ׽ߡ
һ仰ҶĻüͷҶĻõĲǹս߼ѳɾͣǷʼ׶ξȻĽ׽ߣڿĿͷ֮ҶĻڽߵķҲһŵ˽⣬һΪŽףǰ弫޵Ŀֵģһ׽ͣŽ׽Ϊ̬ҶĻʱ״̬׼һ׽ߣոճΪߵӵһ򱬷ڣͺñһûгԹһֻҪһܹʹʷҪñܹһ׽ߣҶĻΪһ׽֮λ򱬷ڱҶĻ֮Ϊ׼һ׽ߣҪȴôס
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28 ʮ̫
Ȼһǹսǹսķʼ׶ȴĽ׽ߣҲ˵ǹսĽ֮ǰûҲͽȻʵڻͨıսһĻڳΪĽ׽֮ǰͱҪһˣܱ֤ҵսȿʮ˰ս
㿪ʮ˰ѡһѡҳҶĻǰ
ƽޣأ벻ﾹȻӵзսڽĿͷǽܹսĵȼֻģƽ޼սԴƣƽ֮иأս죬ս켶սǵҲΪϡУûҲӦģսķսȴˣˣЩʲôϵҵȨ޹Ҳֻܲƽ޼ս
̾˿ҶĻʼս켶սһһȥȻһʾˡ
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Ȼֻܲƽ޼սҡҡͷҶĻʼĿĻ
ĻϵĻһֵѡҳ档
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ҶĻϸؿʮ˰ս
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ʲôȻһ۶УüͷҶĻĻϵʾЩãȨ޾Ȼ޷κһǹս
Ҳ̫˰ɣϢ濨еǹȿ弼ɡھҶĻҲЩˣҶĻϢ濨мһǹҶĻЩҲû̫ƽϣǽĿת弼档
ĩͬ޲ɱʱȻҪս弼Ȼǲȱٵһֲ弼еĲʹýߵȴԱ޵צ±ȭܹӽߵ˫˫ȣܹĿҲܹӽߵıԶڽ߶弼Ҳǲȱٵһ֣Ȼô弼ڴߵȻģ޷ռλڴߵ弼ȲսʵҶĻ弼Ҳ̫ڴ
ͬҶĻеһǰĻһѡҳ棬ֱƽޣأܹĵȻֻƽ޼弼
Ǹ弼սҲֻӵвƽ޼Ȩޣ
ҶĻôΣĻҲôһΣҶĻץʱ俴Ļе弼
弼ûоĻֱ֣ӳҶĻǰȭȷ弼ָ弼ܵҶĻǰЩ弼ҶĻȴûжϾֻǸͬսᲢۣǶҶĻָոճΪߵ˸ˡ
ȻҶĻڿ˵ڶ弼ʱȴȤ
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˿̵ҶĻõϢ濨صĽĶ巨ǰʱҶĻڼƪͨ˵Ķ巨ԲûпƪߵĶ巨ҶĻڻ֪ƪ巨ĵΣڿʮ̫Ľ֮ҶĻȴƪ巨
ƪ巨ķ180ϵĻôʮ̫Ҳ൱һŸؼսͺ弼ƪ巨ҸոյõĶ巨Ļʮ̫ҲǷˣҪҪһء
ѡĻֻһΣҶĻԥš
ݣˣȥĽһǹսҲĽ׽ߣǸĽղصĶ巨䷢ҲӦ100ϣϢ濨лһǹټƪͨ˶巨ĵΣôƪ߶巨ӦһƪͼˡᶨҶĻѡ
˿ҶĻô붼Ϣ濨еĽ߶巨䷢ҲӦ100ϣϰʮ̫ĻõսҲͱͨսһЩƪ巨ķ180ϵĻҶĻɾͷˣĽǰҶĻսͬߵоԴڸߵΣĽ֮ΪǹսܹѹͬĽߣôҶĻҲԼ̫Կ˱һЩˣȵĽ
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˰ɣСӵ˱˻ԣҪ֪㸴Ķ巨սóȥĻҲ500֪ɡҶĻļ˵ĻıԹĽ߶лᣬϾ˭ôĸ߼巨սŶܡ
ˣϽȥǱ߰ɣʱҲˡ
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֮ҶĻȡһЩĸÿʮҵĽп߼Զ߼ս๦ܾƱҵȵһϵиȡЩܹҶĻʱ䣬ֱڵʱҶĻŰ¡
ʱҶĻĵҲ׼ߵĳƺţҪ֮ˡ


29 
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ڶһҶĻ¼ңǱеһСͱҶĻҲ֮ͬǰһ׼ߣסҪ֪Ǿÿ¸ҶĻĽ10򣬶Сͱһµ2000һ㣬Եڰ뿪֮߱ҶĻСͱ
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һ180Ϊʮ飬ÿһ18ÿ鶯һ׵ĺǱ׼ĸ߼巨
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ߵһǮΪֻΪӪҺΪͨ˵ҶĻںľֻ֮ҪССһӪҺָܹԼȫҶĻΪ֮ȴҪָԼ⻹ֻҶĻΪ׼ʱģһ֮ĻӣԴƣŽ׽ߵĸһֲ֣ԽȻǮǮٶҲܿ졣
ҺþҶĻпӵ֧͸ܣһ֧͸100򣬼ҶĻϵǮµĽҶĻһӵ134򣬶ĵ7㻨ȥ110ЩǮȫҶĻӪҺӪҺҲ֮ʱĵ߰˰ˡ

֮󣬳ǱһСͱһ⾫׳վڿаڳһֵͣҶĻ

ֻҶĻĶͷһ˿˿ˮϵ£ҶĻҲƾһ˶һ㲻ϵشŴҲֳһʹ飬ưΪʹһ㡣

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ԼĪСʱ֮ҶĻ˫ִزˡ
ƪ巨Ȼ֮ǰƪ򻯰滹Ҫʹ࣬ЧȴΪԣƪ巨ҵһ֮ǰѾﵽһ׵ĵزȻͻ򱬷йأƪԲĶ巨Ļƽǿﵽһףƪ巨Ҳ3鶯
˿ҶĻһԵë˲ϵĺˮ˿ҶĻȻѾƣҶĻϢ
Ϣʮ̫ϵ˵巨֮ĸλ󻯵͸֧ʱϰʮ̫ʱԽǸ߼Ķ巨Խ࣬͸֧岿λҲԽ࣬ȻЧҲԽãʼ
ŴҶĻѵƶŲһԷõһɫ·ˣڵϡ
ɫ·Ϊ֣֮ҶĻȫ¶УͷҲ⣬ɫ·һһֱǱߡ


30 Х
֨֨֨
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ʵҶĻı֣˿̵ҶĻżʹ࣬ʮ̫Ҫģʮ̫Ĺؼɫ··ֻҪ1һ㣬Ȼһ·ȴʮ̫ıƷ
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һȥ˷ȫǻҰ˵ˣҰ޶ûһֻϾֻ޵ĻΧͨҰ޲ߣҶĻó˸߱ԶʼѰֻ޵Ӱ
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ľ㾹Ȼ͵ϮңѲΪԼΥµ𣿡
վҶĻָָ΢ͷ֪΢ͷһֱžǱߵģҲй涨֮ɱ˭ΥȻܵĳΡ


34 ص˫
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ֻۣһֶӵʱҶĻȻ˴ĺˮĶͷ£ҶĻôô̵ʱƣ֪ҶĻһ׽ߣһ׽ߵ֮ǿԶ˵ֻڱȫ֮ʱһСʱҶĻŻƣ
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ԽԽ٣ҶĻоϵԼ
ˣСӳŲסˣȻ֪Ϊʲôĵ֮죬һֹʲô£ֻҪȵôұ׾ٵĻɱʱǳǿĵҲȲ
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35 Ž׽

ڣһκˮҶĻĶͷ£½̫ҶĻˡ
˿ҶĻԺгһģĻ棬浱һǳģӰӶһ⳯ҶĻ֪Ǻľ˿ҶĻҲ˺ľһأжϳ˺ľһ
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Դǰôѵ˿ڿˮľվԼǰԴ¶˾µ飬ľˡ
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Ƭ̺ХҡҡͷϾХҲԼȻΪ˰ϲʤҪʤȴǹʤͨԴֻƬХѾ֪ҶĻԱˣΪαԴ˵ҶĻӵǿ츳һϲʤĺХҪӮҶĻһˡ
֪ҶĻĻͲˣĵкǿǲҲֻǱȴ󲿷׽ǿһ˿ѣͬ׽߶ֵĻʮᱻԷɱΪ˫ĵѾĲˣʱХ׽߸ûжƣҲñȶԷǿһ˿ĵǰԤмУǼаˣйɡ


36 ͻ
ҶĻȴͬҶĻǲԺеһ˫۾͵ȫͬ˫۾ܹһУԷһͬɨһ㣬ĵбԷҲӰ첻ҶĻ˿ҶĻܹͣضܺľĹһХ
ҶĻһܹж϶Էʽ򣬶һԽй֪ҶĻ˫۾ܹȫֵһУ֮Ҳ˵ҶĻܹԷ㣬֮ǰͬľս֮ʱΪ̫ԼҶĻ˺ľҲ޷йͬͲͬˣ֮ͬҶĻڶϤ˶Է֮ȫһнɱҶĻ˫۾Ŀֲ֮
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ҶĻͺХĻХܵļʾڰ˳ϣȻһкХǲ֪ġ
ðɡ
ҶĻû뵽ХȻ˵ҶĻȴǺ£10ҲǮ
ХҶĻһ̤ͬ˻ȥ·ͷѪţҶĻҪˣѾϣ΢ͷںľĸ²ûнźŴ䵽ǱߣչǽߵΪжϵĻʱΪ߰µͷѪţļֵҲߣҲֵ2ҡ
ҶĻɲڻĽҰһ˶ԵϽһСʱָѪţȥϾСǱȽҪģһյҶĻԴΣգ֮ͬХһȥҪȫĶˡ

˿̻ɱҶĻδܳɹĺֵҲ׼̤ϻسǵ·
磬汳ȻԴҪ˵ĻҶĻǸСҵˡߵȭͷԴĳֺľŭۿܽҶĻնɱʱԴȴڹؼʱ̳赲βúľŭȻľҲֻڱһԴĻûǸ
ģԴ˵һ򶼺֮ܲɱǰͬ߶֮ʱϹ벻ξȻԴĳֺҲǳߡ
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С˵󣬱Դһ´һɵֻҪڻҰǱڡ
˿ľҶĻս츳֮ҶĻɱҲˣֵͬҶĻ֮Ѿ£˫ȻһҪɥȪ

Сʱ֮ҶĻͬХصǣڳſڱˣХؼȥˣҶĻȥ˽߱ġ
չĽҪȥ߱ҶĻбǰȥġ
ʲôҵͨˣ
վڱĵķ̨ǰҶĻȵ˵
Ϊڷ׼֮ʱ̨ĹԱȴѾͨˡ
ҶȻһЩ⵫ȷʵͨˡ˵ͷԱָĻҶĻϢ˵ֻҶĻϢ·ԭ׼Ѿ˽ߣҲ˵ҶĻͨˡ
ǱߴƵȻ̫Ƶйɱ޵ǶȴǳѾͨˡ
ԭˡ
˿ҶĻŻȻ򣬺ľϮʱѾѪţһںľ֮ʱǶλɱѪţƵȴѾ䵽˾ߣԾõҶĻɱѪţ¼ȻҶĻҲͨˡ
ڸʱڵ׷ʲô¿ɾͲǾĵˣĿֻΪ˲µĽǷ߱ͬɱʵѣҶĻƵչֵʵѳ˾ͱ׼ҶĻͨҲ֮С
ҶĽ߻»͵ʻʲô𣿡Աʵ
Ŷûˡ
ҡҡͷҶĻֱת˽߱ġ
˱֮ҶĻȻǻؼȥˡ

صҶĻȲĴ˵ԣֻĵһʼڿʼ֮ҶĻɵ¶һ˿ϲ⡣
ɢӪ뺯һֻᷢߵ뺯
ɢӪ뺯ľݱҶĻɢӪйɢӪļ򵥽ܡ
ʵɢӪҲܼ򵥣һɽɵɢ壬бԵõɢӪṩһƽ̨ƽ̨߿Եõ޵ľϢʱ䶯޷ֲͼͨƽ̨ߺԼһͬǰȥɱޣҲͨƽ̨ǮӶߣԻǮһЩͨԲĵϣ֮һϵҪԲ͵СɢӪṩƽ̨Ϊ߽
ҽ߼ɢӪҲҪκζΪɢӪĩȨģɢӪڵĿıΪ˸߷ҲǳΪߵĸ֮һȻֻʽ߲ܹС
ҶĻʸһ壬뺯ĽβעҪҶĻ12ǰȥ
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֮ҶĻĿ׼ɢӪĹ˿ҶĻѾյɢӪ뺯ҲעʽߣȨɢӪĹ֤ԼԼĽ߱ҶĻɢӪĹ
ϸңɢӪǾרΪ߿ķƽ̨еϸƣҾͲֻһ֮ϸҵĻӦܹҵĽ͡
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ڣСʱ֮ҶĻҵ˹ԼĽ͡
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ȵȣһϵйڲ˻ͻĽϣƽЩڽߵĻУֻΣ֮ʱЩŻֳЩԴڻҲǽԼЩ֮ʱʮĽߵһвͻĽ߶޷ЩЧƿأΪ
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ƿķҶĻԿǼƷϾΪǻΣͷԼðҶĻƿĻôΣͷҶĻͻһսʿһᱻһգʱûдֵܵĻͻϵ׸ƿķҶĻһҪõ


37 Ҵ
Ȩ޲㡭
ҶĻż֮ʱĻȴĳһ仰
ݣȨޣѲɾ϶ҪȨ𣿡
üͷҶĻڲʱΣͬʱ϶ֻܹۿһ֣ΪȨ޲޷ġ
УһҪõķȻĻԺҲͲóˡҶĻᶨ˵ȨޣֻҪ㹻ȨôܹĺϣҪõ㹻Ȩޡ
ҶĻɢӪĹϷο߼Ȩ޵ķ
ڣһϸ֮ҶĻҵ˿߼Ȩ޵ķҷֹһ֣һ֡
һַҪҶĻӵ㹻ǿʵΪɢӪȨǸݽߵʵ趨ģҶĻһ׽ߵȨޱͼģԴƣŽ׽ߵȨ߼ģֻҪҶĻӵǿʵôһж⣬ʵȴǶܹ֮ġ
ڶַǮȨޣȨһΪżһȨÿ߶Уѵģһһ׽ҪõȨ޻߸ߵȨôҪǮȨ500Ȩ1000ļȨ2000ԴÿһȨҪѵĽǮһһֻҪӵ㹻ĽǮôһһ׽ܹ߱õ߼ľżȨޡ
ǰַҶĻԸͲʵһԾ͵ģҪʱĻۣҶĻ˻֮Ҳֻ20ҶĻܿ߼Ȩޡ
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ѲģҶĻΨһܹõķͬǮȨޣѲָǶĳϽиѽģȨѲȨڵϣҸѲҲܹ
ݣ벻ǿһֱҪ15򣬹ֲ̳˶ƼֱȨޣϾȨÿһôѲĵϱǧ֣ѲȷʵҪʡǮĶࡣҡҡͷɢӪĹҶĻһʶ
ҲѹּɢӪҪκζǽѵĽǮ㹻ɢӪˣټշѷ񣬹ɢӪÿӯǳ֮ߣͲⱾ
ǮǮҪˣȻĻõӪҺ𡣡̾ϢһҶĻ˿̲ŸоԼһ⵰ûƶ¸
ҶĻǰҪǲĺֵϡ
ΪԸҶĻڸ15֮˲ĺϵȨޡ
Ϊ˻ͻ֮õǣ˾Ž׽֮飬Ž׽߲Ǽޣһ˻ԾǨô̤һ·һϿȥĽ֮·ֻͨһλԾǨ֮ĳƺˣλԾǨأ
еĽڵŽ֮󶼻ȥսλԾǨλԾǨѶȴͨ˽һλԾǨҪ޵壬ҪϵҼʷǳ֮ͣоͻĽɶλԾǨļȴͨĽҪö࣬Ϊֻͻͻ䣬ʵĿǽտѧͷԵĻͻ䶼Գ֮Ϊͨ˵һλԾǨҲԳ֮ΪԵĻͻ䡣
˵ĻôɿԽͻһȥЩĽ֮߳Ϊ˫ؽߣڵǱ֮Ϊͻ䣬ֻΪĽǲֽ׶εĽǶλԾǨľֲҲ˵ͻĽ߲һλԾǨ˲ֶλԾǨ
ҲԭԷǾͻĽ߼޷ԼõƿأǾǻһСֽͨһȻӵȴûӦʺĸ߲λЩҲǴĺ޷ƿصĲȶأЩڵĻͻȻԵǱ֮ΪͻǶν
ͻߴȴûκôϾЩѾ˲ֵĶλԾǨǽĶλԾǨļҲͨĽߴö࣬Щڿ弫ʱҲͨĽҪö࣬ǽߵеš
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ԣҪҵЩķ
Կϲ֮лعҶĻٴνĿ׼ĻΪѾʵˣҲҪҲķҶĻΣͷԾһսʿҲȻ㡣
ȻͻĽõȴȫ޷ƵģϾΣͷг֣ҼΪڽߵеǶ㣬Դӵһͻ֮ڶѧǱ㿪ʼоһ⣬յóһۣõбܹЩ
Уôû뵽أõеĻȷܹҶĻϲüңǾΪıʽǶΣյԤ֪гܹԤ֪Σ֮һãƿȫƿһȫƿÿһĻҲͿƿЩˣʱܹʹá
ҶĻȴüͷ
ҪеĻͱҪﵽĽײſԣĽ֮ǰڵĻ򶼴ڰ˯״̬¾Ҳ޷ȫչĽ֮ǰûа취еģҲֻŽ弫޵ĿԶǿƿˡ
а취һа취ȻЩѧѿʼоЩˣôĽ֮ǰƿİ취ҲӦоˡ
ȻƪϵĩҶĻҵԼҪĶ
ҴߣЩ֮ԻڽߵΣͷԶΪΣµģƽЩڻУһΣôǱֳͬһҴ߽߱ʱԼգΪΣԴھģͨ洫ﵽʹЩֳҴ߽ܹʱǿжϾһֻ֮ϵΣվҲὫΣд䵽νĻϣҲʱˡ
һȴΪǽôԼ֮µĻôִȵĲʱߵЧʧҲٶȳ֡
ˣƪѾҶĻˣڿ֮ҶĻȴδɥ¶һ˿ϲ⡣
Ҵߣð취ȫֽ׶εҪһΣվԼͺñҿһֻṥҵǿһ㣬ȻṥңҿȴоΣգʱԼɿҵҪ֮ʱĻûϵˣزʱ
˿̣ҵ𰸵ҶĻһ
泩֮ҶĻֱȥһ٣֮㿪ʼٶʱҶĻĿȴһҴߣҶĻһõҴ鼮ѧϰҴߡ


38 ɢӪ
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ͨѶдһİʹҶĻüͷǵܵܵͨѶΪνȴһİˡ
˭Ҷ䣬硣ҶĻɻ˵
ҶĻɣǵһĵĹԱҶͬһѧԱǽĵصѵѵȫʽһͨѶ豸ҪܣǸˣ޷絽
ѵô¡üͷҶĻǲʵ
Բ𣬳ǵһĵıҲܸ
ˣҶһظš
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ҡҡͷҶĻеɻ

ڶһ磬ģҶĻԼõϢʱر˴
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ɢӪǽߵרأۼǵнߣȻڵλҲ˽֪ģҶĻûгΪߵʱҲ֪ϾɢӪڵʵ̫ˡ
λڳϵԵͬʱҲϲռĽǵ˶֪ȴ˭ܽȥģ˹Աֻ֮н߲ž߱еʸǰҶĻҲԼһܹΪһ߸ϵĽߴҡڵĽĿ½УյȴɽҪʵһˡ
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У㻹˽ޣҿһֻ޾ɱˣҲԼʵţɡ
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һҶĻٴηԼ飬㳯λڴϽǵı˹ȥ
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Ҳ꣬е̵ԾǱ߲˵ңǰĪ顣


39 
ҶĻСһ7ˣ6һ׽ߣӵ¸Ƕ׽ߡ
һ׺Ͷ׵Ľ˵ǶҲΪϾֻҪһǸɵӻ϶ףֻĽײһʼ
7һĻҲûôˣҶˣÿ֮ҲŹͬԣദʮֺгԲ̶̰СʱʱҶĻ˴һƬͬʱҶĻҲ˽˵ļϢ
ôˣȥԡ¸ָϵĵͼ˵
ҵ֮̽һ¾ȥԣָǱ潼ĵطھҪȽϽһ޼ǵͼޣʺЩǰȥԡ
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ȻǣҪһǧ׶û޸̾ǵԵص㻹Ҫǰ߼·һ̾ĵͼر࣬ߡ΢΢һЦҶĻ¸ĵĽţϾǰҲһէĲ
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ⲻɲǳصģսѪţҪǿһңҲѪţҪǿһЩҶĻ˲ⲻĵбоҶĻϵɭɱ⣬԰ĳұ˹ȥ
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ѪɽҶĻĵʵ̫ˣٶȿԻΪֺγܻΪٶȣҶĻƪͺ֮ѾһЩ׽ˣȻĳٶҲ϶٣ֻⲻֻһֻһްˣĻôҲı䲻һʵҶĻǿȲֶ׽ߵһûȫܹȥ
ҶĻĴ󵶿ⲻϽ˿˿Ѫ


40 նɱⲻ
ʲôһﵽǲְ
ɴ˫ۣҶĻǡǡһ˿ѾЩȵشסˡ
һ׵ⲻһ޵ǸߵȵĴڣѪţҪǿ˲һңٶȣȣӦУЩѪţҪǿĶ࣬ķҲֵܹѪţİ˳ɣۺսǿ쳣Ϊһ׽ѾҪһˣɼⲻ֮ʱҲҪԴŪò޷ɱⲻᱻⲻɱ
ҶĻأҶĻֻһոճΪʽְ߲ˣȻһʹⲻǿһˡ
ҶĻϵսȫǴӾǱȡĸһģһҲ˵ʲôŹӣϾŹõĶҪϲ٣ôҲ˵һͨĽˣĶȻҲǴӾǱȡģʵЦҡҡͷԭΪҶĻһʵ֣ͨҪȥչҶĻɴ˿ȴҶĻʵȻҪǿҶĻࡣ
츳һ츳֮еŷΪü֣еǿڳˣЩǵбȽЩ죬ЩǵĻЩͨĽҪǿϲ٣ǲսǿ弫޵ЧҲҪϲ٣СӦþŵһ֡
˿ҶĻѾıˣЩ棬Щ⣬ЩĽȴû뵽ҶĻκһţǻͻĽߡ
û뵽룬ͻĽ߲ţǻŵеţߵеͨҲֻǻȽˣͺͨ˵лΪЩһͻĽ߲ͬ˲ֶλԾǨĳţЩ˵ļʱЩνҪʮϰٱ֮ӣҽҶĻͻͻϵһ
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еİԵⲻ𣬱ҶĻһ֮ⲻûٵ˱ܿҶĻһ׼һԣҶĻֱֱײ˹ȥ
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˿̵ҶĻڳʹ֮ȴЦ˳
ɹˣҴ߷ãղⲻײ˲ҵԺдһΣУһҵ˫˫Ȼгֵȴûг֣Ҳ˵Ҵʱж˾ǲֻ֮ϵ
ȻղŵǹΣвǶôǿЩ΢ĳɹˣ⻹ֻҴһЧǼҴȥĻֻͷľǿΣвܴҴߵʱһҾȫصˡ
¶һ˿΢ЦҶĻҴ߷ʮ⣬ֻһʱãʱ䳤ôȻʵҶĻĿġ
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Եĺٶȳ֣ȫԵⲻɲԭأһ½ҶĻײɳȥ֮ⲻûаݷҶĻٴ˹ȥͬʱѪҲ׼ҶĻĲӡ
ߣ㲻ɡ
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ҶĻĴ󵶻迪һıˣΪⲻϵ˺ȻƵļʵҲ½
䡣
ԼĪӹⲻӴڵ˵ϣ˳
˿̵ҶĻˡ
޷ֲʱضڱ䶯ԷһһԵʱ಻ܳСʱ´綨µʱ25ӣֻǹȥ6Ӷѣһкܶʱ䣬ԡ
նɱһֻⲻ֮ҶĻνʮ㣬Ŀ׼
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׼ʱ׼㣬ǽڳҪ׼ʱһ̷˾ۼء
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УСԼı˵
԰ɣҶĻСӽջɱҪöࡣ΢΢һЦָҶĻǹ͵ıҵСӼֱǸ̥6ӵʱնɱһͷⲻ
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СӣģȻôҶĻļ¸Цŵ
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ϾеǣҲûбҪڳġ
ڷ֮ȴûлؼңȥɢӪҪ
ߵ֮ҲɢӪܹȽϸߵļ۸ɢӪṩƽ̨ḺЩһĽµ޲жգҶĻֻܽͨɢӪƽ̨ȥ
ͨƽ̨ҶĻ˿ѡԼֱҲЩ̼ң̼չļǮȽϸߣȽϵͣȴѡΪĻܹùѫ


41 ѫ
ѫһֶڽ߶ԼҪĶùѫ߿ھһණ巨ߵսΪ˶Ը޶Ƶȵȣʽ߽ʵĶùѫھǱ߶һ
ȻһЩĹѫҲǸСĿһƪͨƽ޼𼼷ҪһĻҪ1000㹦ѫһֵܼ1ϵĻܹ1㹦ѫ1010㹦ѫֵܼ100Ի100㹦ѫ˴Ȼѡˮʯֵܼ1000ܹõ1000㹦ѫʱͿԶһһƪͨƽ޼𼼷ˡ
̼ҵĻȻǮ΢ߵȴûȸϸĻֻҪﳤôõĽǮϹѫҪԶ̼ҵǵǮ
ʴˣҶĻ㽫Щ
ĻҲܼ򵥣ɢӪĴ߽ǱоָչˣȥͿˡ
֣ҶĻܼ21򣬻ùѫ21㡣
ǰĵĻһ˸ҶĻ21㹦ѫ
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ڻֻһ׽һܹ׬21򣬿ŵЩ߼߶ˣĽ׽ߵҲڼϣϾһֻͨĽϵĲҲܹ50Ȼ˵ĽɱѶȱĽ֮ǰҪ࣬һĽ׽һǧҲʲô⣬Ž׽һ뼸ھ͸ˡ
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üͷҶĻϸ£ߵĿ治һĴ

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ҶĻصҺȴûڼһ㼱ææĳȥˡ
Сʱ֮ҶĻٶɢӪ֮УһϢ濨˾Ϣ濨мصҶĻͨ˶巨
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42 
ҶĻʼԼΪߵ
ߵͬͨ˲ͬͨ׬ȡǮԼӹøãȴЩԼøǿԼڽ·ߵĸԶ
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ֻʵԶͬ׽ߵʵʱҶĻҲһ׮£ĵܵҶˣȻֻһƽţҶĻҲ֪˵ܵܵѶ

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˿ҶĻһֵֻڿУһ˿˿ˮĶͷ£ѱʪˡ
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˸֮ҶĻյ
45ȵ治ǽߵרϰѶȻ涼ҪԶ˲ʮİ˲ʮֻ3µʱ㽫೹ˣ45ȵѾ˲һµʱȴֻǳžѣǳž˲ʮҲҪǿһЩҲһǰһٶȡѫһⲿ
ʱҲˣȥɢӪ
󵶣ٺ˵ӪҺҶĻ㱳ҳɢӪȥˡ
ҶĻˡ
ô簡
Ӹòֱǿ˰ɡ
ҶĻһ·ϴɢӪſߵɢӪʺڶǿʵЧӦ˭ҶĻŽ߽ãҶĻʵĳЩʺĽߵЩ˻ǻҶĻ׽ϾҶĻǰ;ء
֮ҶĻһ̨ϵĵǰ
ҪĽֲ
֣ҶĻ׽ߣӵжȨޣġ
ҶĻǰһµĳֲͼ
ԣͱ춼дȺڻȻ޵ķֲ̫ܼȴʺԣЩȺ˲Ϣ䣬˵ʲôʱͻƶһЩԲʺȥԣûдȺ޵ķֲȴЩɢԵĻջ񲻻̫󡣡
ʤޣеܱûеĺá


43 
ǰֲͼչֵҶĻ⣬Ϊöˣһͬ¸˳ʱѾرˣΪĸûдȺҵͼ޵ķֲҲ̫ܼԵĴʱ
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㿪ҶĻһһ
ˣңСӳԱ׽2ˣһ׽4ˡ
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ȱˣȥʲôطԡҶĻ֮¸ָϵĵͼ˵
ҿ챱дȺڻֻЩĽϵĽ߲ŸȥԣҼĽҲҪˣȥģǶ첢ûдȺҲر࣬ûи߼һЩޣʺǰȥԣ޵ķֲȴʮϡ裬򶼷ǳ󣬴˵˵ǽ쵽Ҫȥһԡ
ҿطˣ޵ķֲô㣬ջҲһ㣬ﶼһ
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ȻǾҵİɡ˶˵¸˵ͷҵ˼ǽ첻ȥЩطԡ˵¸껹ָָͼϵĶȦ޵ĵط˿ǰŵͼȦǶǶԽΪȫд඼һ׺Ͷޣ¸ȴ˵ȥЩطԡ
´˼ǡüͷҶĻ뵽˼ǰͬ¸Եľ
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طȷʵ֪һǿǸҲȥˡ΢΢һЦ¸ζĿҶĻˡ
ûС¸ָŵͼһհ׵ĵط˵ϲܵģʤҲܽȫ֮̽ʱ﷢һͷ׻ޣҵ˼ȥֻˡ
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ȣҿȷֻ޻طΣһܹɵΪҷֵֻ׻޸һǳص˺ۡ
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ʵۼֻǾͻ֪ˣҲܼһСʵ¸ҡͷ˵
ôһͷ˵ĻޣҲƴһѡ
˵¸ѯʵҶĻˡ
û⣬ǲ֪ǡʼ֮ҶĻüͷɿˣȥһԣΪ˿̵ҶĻԼĵߵ
ʵǴ۷ʱڵ׻ҶĻҲ£ֻҪСӸҽ͸ȥΪҶĻͻ֮õʹüһ׵׵ĺľ˶֮ҶĻҲܹڻ޵ֲһˣˣټֻ޻ˣʵȥһС룬ҶĻ͸ˡ
ݣˣһֻ˵Ųӡ
һϻ䶷վȵ
ȥɡҡҡͷԾЦ˵
˿˶ͬ¸飬ǰȥɱ׻ޡ
Ȼھͳɣ䡣˶Ӧ¸Ҳʮָˣ¸˵ͼ˱ˡ


44 
һСʱİҶĻ˳ⶫһ̵ĵطﲻạ̊́Ұ޶ʮϡ٣ҶĻִ˴ԲһھȻûһֻޣҪ֪ʮټġ
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˱ѡһط۾ԵķȴǶѷ棬һ޳ôǱܹ

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׵ߣ쳣׳˶֫ƼһֻϲûƤëһƬƬۼףһƬƬīɫͬɫۼףֻҶĻҪɱĻޣӵмĳޣֻǿĻ޵ĸȴһ˺ۣ˺۽׳˰֮лϡɼ޵Ѫ⣬ɼֻ˼ء
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ǺǣҪˣֻϵأʵֹһС룬ҿҲȥһ밡оð䶷ֻ޲ɵʮ˷ܡ

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ѷ濴ȥһĴ¥γɵģʱҲЩԶƼ绯ƵأڲȴأڲΪʱԶĹϵȻγһĶѨ
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֣ҶĻеİѴ󵶻ƿ˴̶ĦİѴǿĴͬʱն˻޵Ĳӡ
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ź޶ˣǿĵʹԤ֪ҶĻ˵ʽҶĻ˶ֵ˲仢Ҳˣ׳˶һֻһޱȣһСҶĻ˵һ
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һ˲˽λĻ䶷ԾվǰѴͬʱ˻޵ǰצϡ

ʱ֣˿̻޵һ˫ǰצ䶷Ծ˼ס·Ŵ©ǵص˿ҲҶĻǰûκԥҶĻᵶֱϱԼȫһն˻޵˿ڣͬʱ¸ĴҲ˵뷨һ޵˿кͲȥĲӻҪ
ΣգΣգ˿ڻ޵Ժһ쳣ǿҵΣвͣس֡
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ʧҶĻ¸ĵȴûͣҲ˵ĴˣǵҶĻĴ󵶿ڻ֮ҶĻȴɵõɴ˫ۡ
һ̶쳹ѨҶĻͬ¸Ĵڻ޵ϽĻ𻨣ͬʱҶĻҲԼĵϸܵǰδеǿ


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ҶĻĴȫƿ˻޵ۼһһ۳˺ۣ¸ĴҲһڻ˺ҪҶĻǳһЩȴδ޴κʵԵ˺
˿ڻµ˺۶ǳǳԣһ˿Ѫû˵Ʋͨ˱Сڱϻһ£޷Ӱ컢޵˿սһеԭǻϵۼס
ЩۼǻǿԭҲܹ֮һֵԭۼ׷쳣ǿĪ˵Ƕ׽ˣ׽Ҳ޷һЩȽص˺
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ҶĻҴԼľͻ֮µĸĤˣΪŻӲҶĻ¸Ĺ֮Ѿ˵ҶĻǰղŻ޵ǰצѾӴҶĻƤ
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޵ϳۼֵ֮ǮıͷһݿֵǮɣɱҶĻҪҶĻһĻǽпֶܻ飬ҽ齫ͷָҶĻ


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֣ҶôôżˣߵΪͨ˿׵ġҶĻɫæĽС

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˵ĻҾɰܼˣ7000Ȼ֣Իս͸߼ҩȴδŨҺȴԻδδҪġ
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ҶĻҲ̲ס֮еջˣվҶĻСƿߵһԵĿзŨҺ

޷ݵһˮһ˿ҶĻоԼĺҪڻˣǺģΣƢΣҶĻоԼȫҪڻˣʹ֮ҶĻ˳
巨ʱ쳣ǿҵʹϾ巨ǿп弫޵ķţʹŹ֣Խǽӽ巨ʱʹҲԽǿǵʹҶĻȴסڷŨҺ֮󲻵һӵʱҶĻȻʹý˳֪ʹǷͨϵĻʹιȥˡ
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ʹ֮ҶĻſ˵ϣǿǹ޷ݵʹҶĻ𣬲̶ӵʱҶĻ˿ȫȴһѺҺ

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ά״̬ҶĻ弫ŨҺǿ֮𽥿ţ弫޵ĿԽԽҶĻҲоǹʹҲԽԽǿˣڣ֮ҶĻε˹ȥ
飬飬顣
Ȼε˹ȥҶĻļ⻹ڲͣضš

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ҶĻãȻĿܡ
ˣҼңģǶϾȻû˵ŨҺôǿҵʹࡣĶͷҶĻԼεǰǹʹвЩ¡
ŨҺЧǲ
ȭͷҶĻоԼǿǲ¶Цݡ
ǿڵĸоŨҺȻҵ忪֮࣬Ҳ֪ʲô̶ȡվҶĻŻȭͷ

һ̶ķҶĻĶ
ĽףΪĽ֮ڵĻᱻȫҽ⵱ĸоҲûгҵϣҾ׽ߡϸԼҶĻжϡ
ףһЩŨҺұﵽףǰҲŸոͻƵװ⻹ֻŨҺһСãȵҽ忪׼޵ʱŨҺЧŻ֣˵Ļҹ˶ñܹΪĽ׽ˣʱұܹΪһǹսߡ
¶һ˿ŵ΢ЦҶĻ˿̸оǰδеãҲû뵽ԼʵȻ֮죬ǰŸոճΪ׽ߣȴѾΪ׽ߣڽĲܹ׾ٵĳΪĽ׽ߣһжʹҶĻоǰδеá
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ʱҶĻĶԼ
ʲôǵڶ12㣿ĿԼҶĻΪԼۻˡ
ŨҺҵ弫޾Ȼôʱ䡣ͷҶĻЦ
ȥɢӪɣȥЩݺͷ
ҡҡͷҶĻԼ˳㱳ұ뿪˼ﳯɢӪһ·ȥ

֣ʲôӣɢӪôôˣɢӪĴſҶĻɻˡ
˿ɢӪĴſԼҶĻ߷Χ֮ȫˣЩ˻ǽߣһۿȥҶĻܿɢӪĴ֮д˿Ҳվˡ
˵һӵ10000ߣƽɢӪеĽҲͲ2000ѣô£߷Χ֮ڵĽ߾3000ˣɢӪҲ8000ߣѲʲôգ
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ٺٺ٣ҶĻɰ
ʱһҶĻ˹ҶĻϤ쳣ΪҶĻһֻһвǺ
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˲ҶĻתֻʮ״ͺľֵһЦվҶĻֵϵЦȴһ
ǺǣҶĻѲҸкǰҺʹû١չˡ㰡˵չ˶ֵʱľ¶ʹĵɫչ˹ҶĻһ㣬ʵҲȷʵˣˡչˡȴǱˡչˡе˼ҶĻȻ֪
кȻҪкǵġչˡһú÷ġ¶һ˿ЦҶĻҲû뵽ԼȻֵܡ
֪ҶĻΪߵʱһֱûٶȼֵܣʱȴãΪҶĻѾΪ׽ߣҶĻԿ϶һ飬Ǳ׵ҪǿֵܵеκһˣҶĻйԼΪ֮ɱֵܵĴ㡣
˿ڳڵĻҶĻ޲ֵֽ̳ܻɱȻھزڳڶ֣ҶĻǴֵܳһЩϢ
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49 Դ
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ҶĻȻѺõҪԼ֣ЩˣֵͬҶĻ֮ѽ£˫νҶĻȻҪ֣˿̺ЩͷԣǺƵĺľҲһû뵽Ȼ鷢
תۼ㽫Щɻ֮ԺˣͬʱҲȥ
ߣСӣȻɱ㵫ҲҪѵһЦֿ̬ʼˡ
ԣСӵ
Ǿںʼ˲о˲ԣҶĻϴ˿ѷɫ
ܣӿ׽ߣĻС˵ôܱȵң˸ؼսС˵ûʲôôҺͶܶĸؼһһʼȫߣӲ˲һȫ
һС˵ֹ顣
æźа֮һԽԼȫʹ˳
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˿ҶĻȻһЦվû˿Ĳ֮ҺоҶĻ־Ȼһ龫һ޷κһ˿
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˵ҶĻͻȻ׽ߵʮ̫õƪҶĻһԽԼеϡ
ɶ񣬿ɶ񣬿ɶ񡣡
оҶĻͻȻľ޴ɫ˲ͱˣͨޱȣһ˿˿ˮҲĶͷ֡
ߣȷ֡һЦҶĻû˿ֵάֲ䣬Ҫ˺֡
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ȻʱľҲڸо˲ԣɫѾ˵һУҶĻгԿˣûȥҶĻΪλӵǿʵľֱӴܵǰȭҶĻֱȥ
顣
ȭཻںľֵ˲ҶĻҲˣֳҶĻӭ˺ľȭһ˲㽫ľȭС
ʲôСӺǿֱסľڴ˿ҲоҶĻǿ
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ҶĻȻס˺ľȭ˻һȻҶĻסֻܶӶֺΪ˱סԼһȭҶĻĶͷ˹ȥ
ͬʱľҲûţȭͬҲҶĻ
飬飬顣
ȭཻһ˲ҶĻɿ˺ֵܵ˫ֽ֣ŲһۻҵĶʹ˳Ȼͬʱס˺ֵܵĹ
ľǺôĵӣȻΥĹ涨ڳڶ֡˺ֵܵĹ֮ҶĻֱˣͻȻ˳
һʱվĽ߶ҶĻһȫͷת˹
ݣ˵ԽԽ޷ˣǰֻڳ⶯֣Ȼڳڶ֣ѲΪֻǸ𣿡
˵ˣնھҲֻһСˣǾȻΥĹ涨ﶯ֣ˡ
˿ڶڿͺľֵ֮һϾֵܵʵ̫̫ˣ˼ʶ
ҶĻֵ֮޷֮ҲֻðˣϾô˿ҪǻҶֵĻǿɾΥĹ涨ˣǰԽͳд裬ٶֵĻӾնȲǡ
ߣҶĻԺ·Сĵ㣬ϵʯͷˡĿվһЦҶĻ
ϷģֵԵ޹ʧڳˡںֵܵвҶĻɲ£Ѿ˻ɱֵܵʵֻҪһֿôҶĻаսɱҶĻҲϮԼҶĻֶξһҶĻһԼĽ׽Ҳһɱ
ܣߡ
ߺ޵ĿһҶĻ쳣ߵĺֵ뿪ӵȺ
ߡźֵȥıӰҶĻһ
ȥ쵽ô¡ҡҡͷҶĻҲ뿪ȺɢӪ֮С

ɢӪӳҶĻǺѹѹȺڴÿһطнڣɢӪΪǰŵλͱռˣĽߴ˿վ
һѣ׷ʲô£ѲҪˣüͷҶĻʵ벻ͨ׷ʲô¾ȻʹǵĴ󲿷ֽ߶ۼ֪һֻھɫʱŻۼôĽߣʱҲζҪٽˣеĽ߶ķսС
ǺɫԲǺɫɫڼǶӦýϲŶԣֻǽ߾ۼѡҡҡͷҶĻʵǲ²͸еԭ򣬡ʰɡ
ɨ˼ۣҶĻŲԶͬԼµĽ˹ȥϾͬһ˺ý
λֵܣҶĻ쵽׷ʲô飬ô߶ۼ˵ļҶĻʵ
ŶãҽʯԼ˱㱧ȭӦóΪ߲һɡ˵ʯҶĻ˿
ҳΪߵʱ䲢̫ͽʲôϵ𣿡üͷҶĻɻˡ
üͷһչʯһȻ˵飬ȻйˣҪǳΪһϵĻڽξԲ̫İǾרΪǽ߾ٰһһȵԴᡣ˵ʯָָԼ
˳ʯָķȥҶĻǱߵĵĻϼɫĴ棬Դᡯ
Դ᣿ǸʲôġҶĻͷ
Ӣ֪ɣǵЩΪ˽Ƕȱǵ԰67ǰӢһѪսһֱţǵ˶ܽԴΪ˼ЩȥȱǶٰģǳսһһڣʱ54ŵ510ţԴʱҲ⼸졣
ԴҲܼ򵥣ԣ޾ԣǳɱޱǲμԴᣬΪ˼Ҳϵԣڴ7ɱĻܹõ˫Ĺѫ
ͽûʲôϵɣ420ţԿʼʮʱ䣬Ϊʲô;ۼôˡǰѹѹȺҶĻʵ
йϵȻйϵˣԴûʼǲԴῪĻգ67ǰ420ʲôӣһսʽģһֱ54Ŵսʽ˷ʱڣԽǵȱӣֻнﵿȱʸμԴᣬҪȱĻʲôʸþ˫ѫ
ûǱߵļ̨ȥǱ߰ӡͻ¼ϢȻȵٰ֮һӡĻͻ˲μԴʸ񡣡˵ʯָָһԵļֻ̨Ǽ̨ĺѾ˳


50 ˷
Уллˡʯ˵ͷҶĻܵǱ˳ӡ
ϾҲ֪νĵǼ㿪ʼģѾ1ˣٲŶӺпܾͻ˴εĵᣬҾԴڼṩ˫ѫҲ޷ȡˡ
ϣһٿʼҲҪҰӡ֮ʼȻĻҾû˫ѫˣ˫ѫԴڼõܹŪֻĽ޵ĻҹƾܵõǧĹѫŪĽƾʵɱ⼸ҲŪٹѫ
齹ҶĻ˳棬ҶĻĵ鲢ûзȵӡ֮ҲûпʼϰŶӣɼ֯ĵҲ㿪ʼġ
Ӧûеʱ䣬ȥЩݣͷǺۼˡһҶĻԼĿģл޵ݣͷǺۼ׻ûء
չĵطûΪرգҶĻչĵط֮㽫Լȥ
֣ҶĻܼ29򣬻ùѫ29㡣ŵԵдҶĻ¶һ˿ϲ⡣
29벻һЩݣͷټۼױܹ29ǻ޵ֻʬĻŲӦ80ң⡭ϸһ㣬ҶĻҲԼļ۸һ80ֻҵĴԹƣǲֵôҲ70򣬲ݣһֻͨĽҲ۸ɣĽ֮ͬŸԵĲ࣬Ľ޵ĻǱȫģԼĽҲ50ĸ߼ۣȻȴֵֻ15ң⻢ޡ
ȻһУ޵Ļ㣬׻޵ķͿĽޣټٶȣ˵׵Ļ޵еҲΪһֻ׵Ļܹ߰ʮ򡣡
ԴڼҲֻĿ׼ЩĽˣҪɱĽһͱϣɱЩǿ޾ͲͬˣֻҪǿ󵽱̬ҶһӦöԶԸɱֻǿҵջҪͬɱĽöࡣ
Ժ˼ǧҶĻѾΪԼԴڼ˹滮

3ɢӪѾվˣ˿̲ǵн߶Ѿۼ
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ͻȻĵûȵʱһͻȻ˵ԺУһ֮һȫ˿˵ԺһƬһĸоÿ˵ͷ
Ȼ˿ֵȴ֮вûκ죬Ҳ˵ǵֱӳԺеģʵвûκ
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˿ҶĻԭأҶĻҲһסˡ
ǣ⵱˵ֻŻӵЧҪôǿܹʹен߶ԭҶĻһʱ֮סˡ
ǵеһֳƺֱӵıǶΣյԤ֪ߵĽ׼Ļ֮еĵڶ֣ƿȴҪ¿ƿԼһУڣлеֱʽǱ
˵Ԥ֪ΣֱӵıʽƿڵıʽǵŵڱʽͬƿһҲҪ׽߲ʸ񣬲֮ǿֱ
Գ˽ߵķ룬Ӱ׽߱һԶӰԲǾŽ׽߿ģֻЩ˶λԾǨĳǿ߲ܹһ㡣
ͬһԭأҶĻʵǲȥλܹӵǿߵǺηʥ
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˿оĵģһƤЬײÿ˵ĶУҶĻ㿴ˡ
ɫٽ£һͷ׵Ķ̷İɫ룬û˿Ƶһӣǹˣһλٽ
ڿλߵ˲ҶĻλǹˣΪλ߻¶ɢһϢһͬԺеľһģһϢλһۿȥͬһһ㲻ŭ
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̤ŻĲλ˴ϯ̨
Һãս˾פǾָӹ٣ҽж˷
¶ĻＫȴ쳣һһӡÿ˵ͷһ㡣
˷Ƕ˷Ӣ֮ǿʯϵֱǶ˷дµģԭˣҲֻǿ߲ſԼסһߣʵ˿ڿˮŽ̨һһĶ˷ҶĻоǰδеļִ˵еﾹȻԼǰ
67ǰ֮սʿͽ߽ԼѪӢƬϣԼ˽յǣΪ˼ЩȥӢǣҺÿ궼վﵿ˵Ŷ˷ժԼñӡ
Ϊ67ǰѪսдǿߣ˷κ˶˽ǳսĲңսѼ
Ӣ۵ȥֻΪܹøãڵῪʼ
˵궫˷˫ۣǿ׳ұҲԼǰ

ͬʱ֮еĽ߶ͬһЩȥӢҡ
Ӣ۵ȥֻΪܹøáĬһ䣬ҶĻҲ˫۽ұ۷ǰ
֮аҶĻڵ߼ǴСǵУǽߣǸ˽ҰĲпᣬǶЩսӢǳ˾⣬˿Ǻֵֶӯ֮Ҳ˫ۿʼֵǷĵģƶ޹ء
ӣӵʱǾһƬ˶ڵЩսӢۣսӢǣЩԴֱ֮Ϊܹ϶ԼӢǡ
ллܹ֮˷˫ۣһξӨˮ֪ʱȻϡ
54գԴʽ
˷վ·οһЦϯ̨
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ֱ˷Ӱ뿪˴֮ɢӪٴԴĿʹеĽ߶ʮּ˫ĹѫܹõĶһᣬܹõϺõսϺõĸ弼ϺõĶ巨˶ǳˡ
˿ҶĻȴԭؿŶ˷Ӱʧķ
˷ǶλԾǨ֮ĳǿ𣿺ǿĺǿɢϢԴǵȾŽ׽߲֪ǿ˶ٱǿʯǿά67ɲ˿ʯʵǿ˺ֵز
ҵһĿǳΪȾǿߣҵһĿǳΪ־ǿߣлᣬȻֻ׽ߣ֮ҾͻΪĽ׽ߣˣӵϺõĶ巨˲ֵĶλԾǨȫĶλԾǨļҪȾߴö࣬ҵһĿǳΪ˷ǿߡ
еĿ𽥼ᶨһʼ˷𾪵ҶĻѾ˷ԼĿꡣ


51 Ĭ
ݵȴĵˣҶĻһ˳ӣҪӡ˵Լ˻μ˵ᣬȻĻ֪ǲ;ߵˡ
ʲôʱֵҰԼǰҶĻЩˣ1൱ŶӵʱǰҲֻٶ˶ѣأҶĻƴ˿ǰҲһǧˡ
Ҫֻ֪4̨ȴһ࣬ҶĻֻŶˡ
ףҶĻҲ
ͻȻҶĻһϤȻⲢǳ˵Ĭա
硣˿ĬվҶĻһԵһ鵱ųӣҶĻһֱǰûзĬյĴڡ
СӣʵĬ΢΢һЦҶĻ˵ͷϾҶĻŵģԣСӵʵ
˵ĬͻȻüͷ֮ǿ໥ӦԷʵģȴҪȼҲ˵ֻи߽׵Ľ߲ܹӦͽ׽ߵʵӦķʽǵУöԷԼдĸож϶Էʵ
ĬڼҶĻʱоҶĻʵܲϸӦ֮ĬȴҶĻɢϢȻ׽ߵϢҪ֪ҶĻΪ߲ŰһѣȥҲ˵ҶĻµʱ侹ȻͳΪ׽ߡ
ףСӾȻ׽ߣŶ೤ʱ䰡˲Լ˫ۣĬЩŵ˵ҵĸоȻͨ׽߻Ҫöࡣ
ҡҡͷĬնҶĻʵЩ⣬˿ҶĻĸоȻȴ׽߻ҪǵвٵĻĬջΪһжǻþ
ٺ٣磬ҶĻЦͷԼʵٶҶĻҲ⡣
ôûأҴһװ׿7ʱ䰡ε̾˿ҶĻ״ĬΪĽҶĻĻشĬȴûмƽϣҲûٸʵס
ϾҶĻֽٶȵĽҲûУЩŹӣǱŨҺЩŹǵٶ˿ҶĻһҰ֮ȻΣյҲ࣬ϡ޵ڱԲ弫޵ĶȻЩŨҺŲģϾŨҺܹʹý׾ͻĽ׵
ĬҶĻĻش֮ΪҶĻɱĳϡ޻˿Կ弫޵ĶԲӵʵȴûҶĻõŨҺֱϾŨҺļʵ̫СˣĬѹûǶ롣
˿ĬҲЩ꣬ǰҶĻֻһոմŵĲѣҶĻȴѾΪ׽ߣһף֪ҶĻڲ֮ΪĽ׽ߵĻָθˡ
ף찡ҵŵʱŸոճΪߡĬҡͷ굽
ˣҵûСĬͻȻʵ
飿ʲô鰡գգۣҶĻĬ˵ʲô
ҶΪ߻һꡣԼԴĬҶĻೣʶ֪ģ54ԴͿʼˣʱһ֮ڷǽĽ߶õ˫ĹѫǴҵķʱڣʱ߶һŶǰȥɱߵȵޣͺñ10׽Ϊһǰȥɱһ10˼ʵһҲɱʮֻޣõҲɱ޶öࡣ
ҵûС
ңûСʼҶĻǵһβμԴᣬô֪Щ
ûеĻǾ߰ɣѾۼ3Ľ׽ߺ3׽ߣҪȥӢǱԣôĬЦ˵
ӢꡭҶĻ΢΢һ㶣˵ΪʱҶĻûȥӢǱߡ
ǰʱҶĻҲȥӢǱߣǵĻʱ˶쳣ֵҶĻٲһ䡮ǲɱԺҶĻͿʼӢϣ֪Ľ׽߲ܹȥĵطĽȥ˻϶ǸҶĻҲʱȥӢĴ㣬û뵽ĬվȻȥӢԡ
磬òҪȥӢɱްɣ˿ڿˮҶĻͻȻ뵽һԡ
ô֪Ĭʮ־ؿҶĻǴȥӢɱޣӵĿɲңˡ
ޡҶĻٴüͷԭҶĻǴԴڼǰȥɱЩߵ޵ģ޵ջȴԶȸߵȵôҶĻЩҡˡ
ͬһ޵ΪǿĴڣһֻͨĽֵֻʮ򣬶ͬȴܹĬյʵǿʵϱ˿϶ȥɱͨޣҲǼֵߴ1000ޣ޽۱ͬһȥĻÿɱһֻҲԷֵ߰ʮԶҵɱߵȵ޺õö࣬ҵʵ޷ɱֳǿޣֻɱ۸30ҵޣһһҵõĬյĶҪõö࣬һܼʶĽǿߵʵ
У磬Ҹȥ˵ͷҶĻӦĬյ롣
ǺǣǾ˵ˣ54賿6㡣΢΢һЦĬҲܸҶĻܹ롣
ǺĬպҶĻ˱һֱȥֱ˶ӡ֮뿪ɢӪǸʱѾ6ˡ
ؼඡվɢӪſҶĻ˸һŶӻҶĻЩͷˡ
صСͱҶĻֿʼԼһ棬Ŭһ棬ֻ߽ϲҶĻһֱи
巨ʮ̫ƪ45ȵҴߣһֵٶȿʼ

֮Сֵ꣬һƬŢһҶĻԼԼͷ˿ҶĻûʼǱԼľñ׼ˡ
ȥɢӪǱ߿ԵĻԵǡԼҶĻ¶һ˿ŵЦݣ㵥ǡ
һֱҶĻǣΪʵϾĻ˲Ϣ䣬ʱпܷԤ֪ΣͺñҶĻǰʱͬһɱʱľʱҶĻֻһ׽ߣʱһ6ˣڵ6˸ոյĿĵ׼ԵʱȴһС20ֻޣֻ֮ƴܣƾ6˸޷ɱ20ֻޣҪܵÿһܵ˾ҪϵĻпܾڻҰˡ
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53 ͵Ϯ
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顣
һϣҶĻһֱӽצԳͷն
һҶĻƽԼ飬ޣˡ
ʱҶĻǹʱʰֻצԳҲֻ˲һӵĹˣҶĻӵԶͨ׽ߵʵ
ҶĻʼȡצԳõĲϣʱצԳϵѪζҲɢ˿⸽޴඼ŵѪζЩѪζ޵һĴ󣬲ȴûκһֻҿ
ΪܹоҶĻɢϢԶԶǿǵϢЩһ׻Ƕֻѡ

ʮ֮ҶĻʰצԳϵĲ뿪һ˿Щ޲Ÿҿ
Ѱһ
һεķ֮ҶĻһ߱ԶʼѰԼһŵһսҶĻ㹻ģʵ׵ʰһֻޣֻҪܹҵЩôԼԡ
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ҡҡͷҶĻֿʼͬСԵӣô鷳һСɢϢЩ޸Ͳҽӽ
һᣬʵҲͻطڵʵĽҲܵĵԲʱ䡣ҶĻٶ˸߱Զʼɨܡ
ʮ֮ҶĻûҵʵʱҶĻѾ׼طˣȻʱҶĻȴµķ֡
ףǣüͷһҶĻȻӰһȻΪһӳԣĻ˾Զǿߣǲˡ
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磬ֻһҪ޵ĻɾͲˡ˿ֵ̺ܵѾ˽ҪͷֻۿҪˡ
֪Ӧһٶȼ˰ǰ͹ȥ
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ڣʮֵܳɹնɱֻޡ
Ȼʲôʱ͵ϮʱĿиʱĿ괦սĻὫԼľǽߣսʱ͵ϮģǸʱߵĵΪ֮ʱڽս˲ҲǽΪиʱ򣬵ȻǸʱߵĵȻҲиˡ
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ͻȻںֵǽľոи֮ʱһˣںֵܻûиôµʱоһģΣΣеİº԰ŲһԼ塣
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ɶ񣬾ĽµĽߣĽϷ͵ϮǵĸĽµĽ߸͵ϮǣնǸ˵𣿡
һֱֵܶ۸ĽµĽߣնԸû˸ұΪǸұֵܵ˶նУԺֵѾ̫ûб͵Ϯˣ˿˵ŭġ
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ҶĻһ˲ǹֻ5ӵʲԲζź˹ȥ
ģˡҶĻ۶˲ٴηӳ˹һ͵һ֮յĶҶĻһӵĸ˹ȥĸһѪۡ
Ǹ˵ڻλã㵽ǣ㣬ûһ˺ۣӦ̶ʯͬʱǱߵĺľҲʯ
˿ֵ̺˶ʯǣκһǶȶ޷ǹǡ


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ŶͦģȻ㵽档͸׼ҶĻ˿Ѿ޷ҵֵܵӰˡ
ҲˣѾˣ˵ĻʹұۣսֻʣһңĻȫԸӦа˳ɼʽ˵ˡ˫ۣҶĻM9ŻԼ
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Ҵ߼ȻҶĻľͻ֮¸ĤôҲԽĤȥھҶĻһʹԼֻһʱѣǰµǲĤ㱻ȫƣȥҶĻҴµĸĤҲֻҪҶĻ΢ôĤʧ
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ϴŴľʯ֮иͲҳȥģĸ˵Ȼ͵ϮӣҪ֪˭ĻҪ
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УֻĴֱӿҶĻļϣҶĻȻûκܶӲ˺Ĵ󸫣ȴֹһ˿ҶĻӲ˺Ĵ֮еĴҲ˺ĸ
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55 Ⱥ
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ҲΪԺڷҶĻȻ˺弼֮Ż˳Ծ֪е弼ľǺ弼Ͼ弼ϰʵ̫̫ˣϺõĶ巨Ҳһ
弼һĺ弼СӵʲôֲĵУĵĺ弼Ҳ˳ɫֻһΪ߰һĲ𣿡
ǲͣѪվﲻɵסˡ
ܣܣܣǲС˵Ķ֡
ͻȻҶĻ׼󵶳֮ʱԭصĺһץסҶĻĴ󵶴к˳
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ǵٹĵҲ޷Ӧõǹ棬ҲǵУЩĽչֵκζѵǡ亹ľͻȻ뵽һֲĿԡ
ͻ䡭
ȻĸִԺ˲ľȴһθоʹһ׵ֱĽס
ͨ
֮ͨºľԵ˵ϡ
ҺøղŵǹΣûȫʧü£ȻĻһصǾ군ˡһ˿̵ҶĻҲЩƣˣϵսʹҶĻѾȥһҡ
ϢʱȽ˺ֵ˵˲ͷϵĺˮҶĻŴ󵶳źľĵط˹ȥ
ͻ䣬ҲֻлͻĹֲŲŻӵ˹ԼֲֿĽٶȣԭ˰
ߵľߵҶĻɵüͷΪ˿̵ĺľһһڵϴЦţʲôʮ˵һ㣬ҶĻԺľü֮пľĸ˶ǰķݡ
ǻͻǿ߰ɡͻȻЦеĺľתͷЦҶĻʵ
ţüͷһҶĻһ£ͻܣϢ濨һֻԼ֪ģ˿̺ľȻҲ֪ˡ
תת˲ҶĻ侲ͬʱҶĻеĴҲþˡ
ǺǺǣˣǻͻĹֲšҡҡͷľ˿ûҶĻѾٵеĴ󵶣סҴһпһϢ濨룬ҺҴֵ֣вƲ棬ˡ
ɳɣɱն
˵仰ľ죬ֻһ΢ЦĿա
ڡ
£ľ
ɱնźЦȥĺľҶĻɻˣնӻֵ˾֪飬㾹ȻҪɱն
ҲգɱѾ׵ն
ҡҡͷҶĻȥľɻľٶչҶĻںľѹһѹҶĻȴëûҵ
Ѳ˵ںϣȥ
ŴҶĻ˺ĸǰ˿̺ΪʧѪѾȥˣʬҲ˵ϡ
һҶĻںҵһпһϢ濨
ѵľ˵ģеĶľǰ־ٶһδҶĻԺУˣȥٿüͷҶĻսԼı֮С
䣬䣬䡣
ͻȻҶĻո׼뿪֮ʱһҶĻĶУҶĻоؿʼˡ
ǡҶĻɫڱˣȺдȺ⸽
ҶĻһΣһ֮ǰһжͬ˿һģһŴؿʼ𶯣󡭡
ܣﲻܾ
һҶĻû˿ԥ󵶱תڵķ˹ȥ𲽵˲ҶĻ㱬Լȫٶȿʼ˼ٳ̣ΪҶĻףһĻпܻᱻȳࡣ
䣬䣬䣬䡣
ȻҶĻո뿪ﲻʮ֮ʱһȺϮ˴˴һȺ
ǵصҰȺҲǧֻҰǣи޵ĴڣȺХضʼ˿̲ҶĻǸоȫԶԶ˱˿ΪֻҪǳȺҰ߷Χ֮ڵȫǵĽĿꡣ
ӴȺ˵ҶĻˣף׵ĽҲֻķݣֻԴǵȽ޵ľŽ׽߲ŸӲŽֻ֮·һ
䣬䣬䡣
ʮ֮Ⱥ뿪صҲʧ˿ȫϮҶĻҲﵽǵĽ
ҺãҺǸȺûжңҪǱҾˡ֮ҶĻҲͣ˲ͷϵ亹ҶĻЩµ˵ȺֶͲܹġ


56 ɺ֮˱п֮
ȺĻǹʱġҶĻ΢΢һЦһڷӦôȥնȺĳΪҽ⣬ִȺ˵ֵˣնҲҰԺֵܵȫѵȺϡ
ҺֵܵҪһ֮Żᱻ֪Ͼʧһ¾ŻṫߵϢҲ˵һ֮նŻõϢǸʱͷѾʧĲˣټϽֵȺʱնҪҲѲ
뵽ҶĻһʱ֮ûΣˡ
ȥɡ
ҡҡͷҶĻȥ
һСʱ֮ҶĻصԼļɢӪϢ⵱зȺϢҲȥǵһжڰƽʱӼţ˭ûзκβԵͷ

ЩʲôصҶĻȲóԼĵԾҪϢ濨еݡ
룬Ȼ롣ĻϵҶĻ¶˾ϲɫ
һԣľ
֡ҶĻȷͬʱĻֳϢ濨еݡ
֣ľȻûƭҡüͷ˿ҶĻǲˣϢ濨мʲôȴ͸ҵģ뼴ҵõϢ濨ҲûãϾϢ濨Ĺ񼫸ߣĻרҵʿҲûƽ⣬п⵽Ϊʲôأ
ѵ˵Ҫҿɳɱն
ˣ´˵ֵܺն֮ĹϵǳӣֵննȴڱӻǣΨһնȴûбնɱģľΪӦúն֮Ĺϵйء
˵ͷҶĻ˼·
飬ֵܺնǵˣ֮Ӧÿҵõ
ҶĻ˹ںֵܵ飬ҶĻϣʮ֮ҶĻõ˴𰸡
ԭˣֲ֮Ĺϵìܣɺ֮˱пֵ֮ˣնҲˣնѪ͵ģɵնȴɱԼõֵܺգǺֵܵ磬ֵͬն֮ĹϵŻ˸ӡ
ֵնҪͺľնֵ֮ͬѪȴǲĨɱģ縸ѪΪһôǣԺľ֮ǰŻ˵ǷΪϿ˻ɱնĿԣͻĽҲľһѣɱնϾɱ֮ͬն֮Ҳ˳Թ綼һս
ϵǹӵģˣγȺ¼֪֮նʲôʱŻңȿϢ濨ʲô
ҡҡͷ˼ҶĻȥЩӵĹϵתעе˵ԺֵܵϢ濨档
Ϣ濨ȴҶĻСľϲ
ǰݲûʲô֮һƪ120ҵĶ巨ƽ޼ĸͷսж巨ӦǺֵܹģսע˾ϢǴӾȡģЩҶĻԶǿпޣȻϢ濨صĶȴҶĻȤ
弼粽ֵܾȻӵиؼĶȻֻ弼ҲѹֽľܵʱٶȻô졣ҶĻЩˣһһͨƽ޼սҪ400⻹ֻͨģƽ޼ļҲֵȼͼļֵ400߼Ҳֵ3000ԻĽµĽϰļƽ޼ģһ̫߼
ؼļͲͬˣϴɢӪ̳֮пһƪӣ˵˵ĸؼսҲҪ5000򣬸ͲĽ֮µĽܹϰģҼĽ֮ϵĽҲƽ޼弼ȻսҪһЩҲ̫ţһĸ弼Ҳֵ4000򡣡
չֵսսȻǴӾǱȡɣƪؼ弼Щ
ѲնǵģǺն֮Ĺϵ
˿ҶĻٴαŪͿˡ
ˣֵѾˣôҲûãȿ粽к֮
ҡҡͷҶĻȥֵܵתע粽棬ϾҶĻҲǵһμؼĶĺȻؼĶվֻƽ޼ĺ弼
˴СʱҶĻһ粽ݣ粽ľҲһµ˽⡣
粽һΪ֣һǶȲĶʽֶʽʹϰߵ˫ȱüȲļҲųжȱǳ֮ǿԽǽһľôϰߵȲıҲԽǿȻҲҪϰߵʡ
ڶλĶһֿԷΪС֡
һСֽǳ;ϮʱĶԼҪ㣬ڶСǶ̾뱬ʱĶҪ㣬Сǽʱȵķ
˵粽ôҶĻǳ;ϮٶȻǶ̾뱬ٶȶҪǰõĶ࣬ҽʱҲҪǡ
ǰֵܱ粽ַܹգܹӵǿһߵʵҲ粽ĽϧȫҶĻˣҶĻ粽ٶȺŲɸǸơ
ǳʺң粽עصıٶȣľҵĽ֮ǰǲƿصģûõУͱȽˣÿζֽ׶ҵҪ棬粽ĻҵԿһĽҲɱҡ˵ͷ粽ĹЧҶĻ൱⣬ýĳչ˼ޣʹӵгǿı
ãԴῪʼǰʱӦÿԽ粽ɣӢΣճ̶ȼ֮ߣ粽ҲܰȫһЩ
Ļ⼸ҲûгǵıҪˣҵҪԴῪʼ֮ǰ粽ɡ
ҶĻһ˿޵УٶȱÿԶȡˣÿҶĻָֻոճΪߵµ
巨ʮ̫ƪ45ȵҴߣټ⼸޵粽ҶĻδһʱޱȡ

ʱҶĻһζ죬53ŵ̫ճ
⼸쵱Ϊǵĵͽ׽ǿĵһ¾ĺֵܲˣȻĹǽʧһ²Żжֵһʮ첻ӰѾһЩԣڴ󲿷˶Ż̬ȵһСѾΪֵ˻Ұ֮С
ȻʱլڼﲻͣҶĻȴ֪һС


57 
ˡ
ոɳҶĻ³һİһĨҶĻ֡
粽ȻǸؼ弼ϰѶȴ̫粽Ĺؼ֮ڶȲĶԼЩȵĶԼȲѾһμ򵥵ĶСֵļĶҲ඼ˣҲ˵Ѿ粽
ҪҵĴĥˣ弼սսֻҪȫ͸ôˣ弼ȴһˮĥ򣬾ҵĺһҪϵŬԼĺˮܹҸĺˮԽôҲԽǿ粽Ҳһ֮ͿԺŬˣûʲôݾߡ
¼ҶĻ˿̸о˸ɡ
53ţԴῪʼʱ䣬ǰյе뺯ȥûʲôö򵽱Ķá
ҶĻ˷ţ˷֮ҶĻȴûȥȥУҪֵпжǮ
ҶĻֱӴ߽˹ΪߵȨֱеĸ߼
֣֣֡
ҶĻ˺ֵܵǰһ֡
ʲô3300򣿡ҶĻЩŵĿŵϵ֣ݣֵܾȻôУۻ˻滹500ֵܾȻӵ3300Ǯ
׬ǮٶȻ죬ǮٶҲһ㣬ӪҺ߼սάӦҩƷȥЩǮһҲ׬ʮѣ3300򡭡
пϵҶĻɵø̾Ҳͦõģ׬ǮٶȾͱҪöࡣ
ҶĻ㽫ֵ˻еǮȫתԼ˻棬ҲҶĻһܵǧҵĸо
Ĺģȥп
ǮģҶĻһֱΪ仰ȷҶĻҪľȥǮ

У֮һƽÿһ»һδᣬڴῪʼ֮ǰеĹԱ˷뺯Ȼν˰нڣϾĽ߱ͨҲһҶĻ֮УῪʼӡ
ǰʱֻһСӣڵѾһˣһһͻĽߣ޳̧ͷǼɫĴҶĻ˰ǰԼ
ȥɡ
ҶĻ̤С
Ϊ֮һôĶҲȻǶģյǰҲܶ࣬˿ͬҶĻһеĽ߱㲻лһЩҵͨˡ
𾴵Ľã
ոսҶĻ㿴ŵվ۵ƯŮӣŮӼҶĻ֮еʺҶĻ˽ȥǼҵͨóԼ뺯ŮӲ鿴
ǽߵĸҶĻϵε׹ǽߵӵ׹ҶĻĽೡϣ֮һҪʾ뺯ֻҪε׹Ϳˡ
˲ٰͿҪʼˡ
ڵĴ֮ҶĻ֮Ѿ˰˳ˡ
ҶĻ˸ʼصȴ

飬ҺãǴ˴ʦҽ½ʽʼ
ҶĻʮ֮ˣһŵչ̨ʽʼ
ûô໨ֱӿʼ
ֻδ̧һδȻֻͨˣǵļȴ׳˶Ȼǽ弫޿ĸ֣Ȼ̧ʱȴԵüΪ
顣
ӱ½ˣֻӵõһѴ󵶣һͷǳĴ󵶣ѴһۿȥȻһ޹һ㣬ȻڿѴ֮ҶĻȴ¶һ˿ȵɫҶĻڳн߼¶˾ȵɫ
УȻǴУûвκνݣҲ̫ݳ˰ɡ
ЩһֱõĶǽǽӵûùﾹȻһѴó
һʱвٽ߶ҶĻȻûгѹеȴռ
һͬ಻ɱʱͬʱҲһϽʱֱ֮ǰõ϶ɽƳɵģΪӲȸߣõȴɽƳɵģƳɵֻǽ͵ȣߵȵʹ޹Ƴɵģ޵޹ǡ
Ȼͽ޵޹ǲ䱻ΪģϾշǳӣõͽ޵޹ĻòʧͺצԳ˫צһҲͺҶĻĴһӲܹɱ޹ǻ϶߽֮ϵڵĹͷһҪӲһ֡
УҪֵǮҺҵĿ겻ǱսҪȻҵҲҪѹҡҡͷҶĻϽջԼĿ⣬Ⱥöбսߵ׷󣬾ͺһѺǹǹսһ
ûпĵһƷѴУûвκνָӵеĹ½΢Ц˵ѹгѪ߽޳ѪţţƳɵģܹķ9ͷѪţţǣӲ̶ŴҶ֪
ѳѪΪȴļӲ̶ȣЧ֪ѪţĽ̶ȺܸߣڵĻҲ⣬һ˫ţӵױȵĶԣֶԱ֮ΪѪһκѪҺ̱ٶȵĸ£ѳѪɳѪţţƳɵģȻҲ˳Ѫţ˫ţǵĶԣЧҲͲҶ˵˰ɡ
½㲻˵ˣ˿ڶȫ¶˼ɫѳѪԱ֮Ϊһκνһôսһء
濪ʼļ1000򡣡
ĳֿɲᱻ䣬½Ļ֮ʼҵĽ㿪ʼˡ
ҳ1300ѵҪˡ
1400򡣡
1600򡣡
2000򡣡

һڶߵк˳Ǯڴʱ˿ҲòôˣʮӵʱѳѪļ۸㱻̧5000
ȻҶĻûв뵽УĿǹսߣҪָ߼ȻʱһϤȴܳҶĻĶС
ҳ8000ѵҺХҪˡ
ХͬҶĻһĺХ˿̳˧ĺХվ߾Լ֣˵Ŀⶼϡ
ȻǺӼҵˡҶĻźХΪ˵СӻǸܼӣ8000ĸ߼۾ôˡ


58 һ
ХⲻǺӲĶô
Ӳǵĳǿߣ˶λԾǨľǿڣХĶӣҲֳֻ治ĺ8000ĸ߼ۡ
ǰгҲͼֵ60008000ЩˣΪӲĶǮõó
Хĳٴ˽ǵۡ
ڶ˵ģӶǵд˾ǿʵΪХͬ˷һ˶λԾǨĳǿߡ
8000һΡ
ʱ̨ϵ½еľϾܹʦôܲɫХĳѾѳѪȥ8000ۻǺХݣڳ˶Ըͬˡ
8000ڶΡ
8000Σɽ
ϲүõѳѪ
΢΢һЦ½˽ѳѪ͵˺Хǰ
ʼ˵ڶƷȻڶƷͲǵһôˣϾһһΪҪıǵһ󼸼мĴ඼һЩΪͨĶȻмι̲ҵʱ
Ϊڳľųɽ߶ǱЩģһ󼸼ƷǳĶ󣬲ҲôмƷȴڳλ߻ͨ˾ġ
ȻֵļƷҶĻȴ᲻ʲôȤҪЩҶĻǰСʱĶǿɫһμ۶û
Ʒʱ½еСƿȴҶĻȤһƿٷ֮ʮȵӪҺ
Ҷ֪ӪҺֶϵõȻЩӪҺĴȴߣǾϡ͵Ķȴֻڰٷ֮ңǸ߼һЩӪҺҲڰٷ֮ʮң߼Ĳᳬٷ֮ʮȻеƿӪҺȴͬĴڰٷ֮ʮңЧȻҲЩӪҺƿӪҺĽ֮µĽֻҪʮαָܹԼȫķѵʱҲǳݣֻҪӣĽ׽ҪþҪȫȵˣ׵Чɡ
濪ʼļ60򡣡
ӪҺֶ˵ǴԽ߾Խãٷ֮ٴȵӪҺôһСƿҪþŽ׽ȫȥĻԻֶӣҲҪʮ죬ΪӪԪʵ̫ḻˣŨȰٷ֮ʮӪҺҲ˶٣ͨҲܹûиõŨȰٷ֮ӪҺҲŨȰٷ֮ʮӪҺٸߵĻͻˡ
½еƿӪҺȴͬƿӪҺǾ⴦ģ԰ٷ֮ŨȵӪҺΪӼĲپһЩӵĳŨڰٷ֮ʮҵǿЧӪҺȥ֮޸ö̵ܹʱڻָߵ
ҳ65򡣡һ˾ˣǿЧӪҺǱĺöս֮ʱĻôֻҪӽָܻ߱ȫҲ൱ӵ˵ڶƿǿЧӪҺƱػߵᡣ
69707375򡭡
ƿӪҺļ۸ʼ
ҳ120򡣡
ʱһͻȻƿӪҺļ۸̧120ҶĻ
ҪȥӢ꣬ΣĵطǵõƿӪҺĻôҵȫԵõȵıϡ˿ҶĻƿӪҺνڱصá
130򡣡ͻȻ˺˳
Ȼ˳ۣҶĻüͷƿӪҺҲǶĽ׽ǿĹЧ׿ʼ书Чۿۣ120ѾǼˡ
ҲԣԴᣬʱֲһҪȥӢ꣬ҲҪȥֱĶȻҪࡣ
150򡣡뵽ҶĻٶȾԼ֡
ȻҶĻ֮ûٶȱˣԴԭƿӪҺҲͼֵ150򣬳۱Щòˡ
150һΡ춼ûټ½еľ
150ڶΡ
150Σϲ𾴵Ľ߻ƿӪҺ
ֱ½еľ鳵ҶĻһˡ
˿ŽһˣֵĶҶĻͲôȤˣǽм̫;ǶûãֱһƷʱҶĻѾ뿪˼ϾһƷɲܹģȻƷ֮ҶĻȴ
ҺãǱһƷ˵½ҿǰĺ첼
ǣѵ˿ҶĻˡ
ֻ½ǰһöɫĽָָûκλԼװƷһöͨİָһ
Ȼ˿ен߶
ռһֱǳأĿƼֱڻ޷ռ䴢һ豸ڴֱ֮ǰҲһֱֻǵĻ뵱Уµһ豸ȴʵˣǿƼĽʵһ롣˵½Сöָ
Դ180ǰĵһǿڤնɱ˵һֻ˶λԾǨ޿֮һռ䴢豸ˣ޵ĲҪκֶδֻҪһЩ򵥵ļӹôγɿռ䴢豸
еĽָÿ޵ĺĲλģӵ30׵Ĵռ䡣
ڿʼۣļ1Ǯ½㲻˵ˣֻǾվ
Ȼ˿ȴ1Ǯļûκһ˸ҳۡ
ռ䴢豸ǿռ䴢豸ǲܿЦģԭֶĴڡʱҶĻѾױˣռ䴢豸ҶĻΪͨʱ˵һֱǳΪ˽ԺҶĻΪǱ˻ĶǲڵģΪҶĻʶ˶ֶȻ˿һռ䴢豸ȴҶĻǰ
ҳ1ڡ죬һڹϯȽмˡ
ߣֿռ䴢豸ǾһҲһΣľ䱦ҳ2ڡ
ռ䴢豸ĸλ˭֪õ˵2.5ڡ
˿̼ҵĽʽʼöռ䴢ָļ۸̼㱻̧2.5ڵۣҲ뾺۵λҶĻʶҶĻǵн߶ʶǣΪλǰ˽׽ߣǾ뼫ֻһǿߡ
ҳ3ڡ
ͻȻһ˳ˣԴŽױսԴ
Դ˽׽߶üͷ
4ڡ˳ˣγ۵ҶĻͲʶˣڳĽ߻϶ʶΪγ۵һŮģһļ𱬵ֳ崿ŮŮ˲ҶĻֻñӵкʲôҪˡ
ΪŮʵ̫ƯˣνʹħģŮȻźƽǻ𱬵ȴҪ·űƵأΪҶĻһĻôܾ


59 
ݣС˭湻Ưġ
ֻ֪֪С椺Ǯ4ڰǾ˿Ҳղ룬С椾Ȼ۾գһ¾ͺˡ
ˣ㿴Ǳߵļλ˽׾Ž׵ĳְȻʶС椡
Ȼ˵ĻҶĻ㿴Դ˵ɫǲûһ𾪣üͷƯŮһĽɫһ
С㣬ǸҪռ䴢豸𣿡ʱԴȿˡ
ǰС㣬ռ䴢豸ǶԼҪ˵Ҫ˿ǵȴһˡ
ԴĿλ߽׽Ҳ˵˵ȴЩ֣һְ˽Ž׵ĽһţòˣϾʵأͬ׵ǿҲͺƷǼ֮Ľмһڷ̶Է
ǶλСȴ¶ɫɼС㲻ʵǿݼ⡣
λǰСŮӸոջҪ㶫ռ䴢豸úʣԲסˡСȻ⵫ȴûưͿĶλ߽׽˵
Ȼˣĳ˱˳˴ξİɡüƬԴ˵
Ҳ˳
ˣȥսǵʱɡ
ԴЩ˽׽Ҳһ˳˴˴ξȻÿ˵϶͸¶һ˿ԸĳЩǲò˴˴ξġ
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ô˼ҶĻֱĿԼ΢΢һЦΪҶĻ˵С湻ɫģֱĶ￴òỹǸɡ˵컹ĿҶĻһۡ
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ҶĻˣʵܲʶһ°ɡĬָҶĻΪҽ
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ʵź˵Ȼ˶ҶĻľʵв֪ƾҶĻǵдĸоǱжҶĻĴʵԺܿҶĻ˴һƬ˱һκ
Сʱ֮쿴˿ʱ䡣
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ȻֻɢӪĽߴ˿̶Ѿʼʰ˶װˡ
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ӢǱţҶĻһ·ϳűǱֱ˹ȥ˿ҲҶĻһ飬һ·Ҳڳűǰ˱˱ֱӢȥ
Դᣬ20ӾȻͼʮͬսСӣͼΣܱߵĸѾȫڶΪˡҶĻһ߱һ˵
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Ȼ10ߵĽȴȫȻ壬Ľ̤һĲټĶ쾹ȻȫЩߵĽ˹ȥ߸޷
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˿ߵսҲѾ˽Ҫͷֻ޽߳ʮ׵ϵɫѪϵ˿һʮ޽ߵǿʢҪǷͨĽ׽ϵĻˣҲޣͬ޵еǿߡ


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˿ϵ˺ҶĻȴԶ϶ȫλǹսµģΪĬûǸʵΪ޽ϵ˿ڡ
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ҶĻȴ˿֪ҪɱԼֻΪһЦɡ

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ѰһСʱҶĻһֻޣֻ޶ѾͬСӿʼսˣǵĲˣҲ˶٣һֱȵСʱ֮ҵһֻ޿ʼɱ
һֻĽ׵޿ʨʮֻޣնɱֻʨһ˽һСʱʱ䣬ʨսҪǿһӵнߵƶٶȺͷߵĵУӵн߲߱ǿԼǿıȻ˵ʨȽǿ
޿սĻ˵˭ǿ˭ϾߵĶԷǳңһҧ̱ʧȥսʨͱǳǿ߼£ɱʨȴȽѣǽߵ࣬սĻҲȽǿҲѷɫڽߣԶڽ߶Կʨɱ


63 
˺ܴڽ޿ʨʮֻȫˣ˱ԭӪҺָԼһСʱ֮󳹵׻ָٴ̤ɱ;
ԴᣬÿԵʱƽǹսߴӢҲСģ֮ʱһСǳ޻ޣԴȴͲ鷢ӢΧȫǽߵСӣЩ޻һֱᱻڶΧ7ҶĻĴ»Ͽ޼ɵӢΧشԣ赣޵Ϯʱơ
ȻӢڲͲȥˣڲǸ߽׽߲ŸȥĵطӢӢ߽׵޻ޣһֻ޶ǿɱҶĻǿڣҲֻ֮Ľ߲ŸӢꡣ
Ľ඼мһȫĻ򣬵ڶƿǼޣ⼸׶ÿȹһʵһأ֮ĽҪĽ׻׽öֲָֻ࣬ŸӢ֮С

54һ̣Ĵɱ˵ֻޣ˱̤˻ȥ·
ֻޣһɱֻޣǰ붼밡ԵĴաֲҶĻ̾ҶĻΪһɱޣȴһɱֻޣԴûʼ֮ǰҶĻ붼롣
ʲôҶĻΪߵʱ仹̣鶼֪˵Ĭ΢΢һЦȻ˵ǵĶ鵱ǹսߣʵ鶼ҪǿһЩԴڼյȴǡ
Щ߽׵ĽߣǾŽ׵ļ޽ߣǲյˣһ룬һ׬ǮԴڼܵõٹѫԲᳬ10000Щ߽׽߾ͲͬˣŽ׵ļ޽ƽɱһͷŽޱܹ׬ϼǧڣ˫ѫÿɱһֻŽޱܹõǧĹѫһҪɱٸ߽ޣԴܹɱޣʱܹõʮĹѫĴա
ʮĹѫ
뵽ֺĹѫҶĻɵ˻֮УӵôĹѫѾԶһļˡ
ѹԴܹɵĽгڣɱ߽ȷʵ׬Ǯ
츳ͻ׵ƿŽҲֻʱˣʱҲΪһǿܹ֮Ϊϡ䱦Ŀռ䴢豸ҲܹӵСţҶĻĶԽԽ㡣

6㣬ҲԶˣ˿̳ԵĽߴ඼ʼسˣһ·ҶĻǧߡ
7ҶĻ˻صɢӪ֮С
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һ䵱ҶĻ˽Եõȫڵϡ
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ķ䷽ʽΪƽ˵еԿϾܹɱֻûĻͲܣһ˶ռɻ࣬˶ķ䷽ʽûκ
ûǾͿʼ䡣
˶û㿪ʼ˽
Сʱ֮ڷˣҶĻõһɣһҲϾЩϵĶֵǧ
ҶĻȲؽõ˾չԴڼչƽʱйʱƣȫ24СʱΪ߷
֣ҶĻܼ360򣬻ùѫ360㣬Դڼ书ѫùѫ720㡣
ŵԵбҶĻ˿ڿˮ
ݣ360򣬻ùѫ720㣬⡭ĻгֵҶĻˣôҲû뵽ЩﾹȻֵ360720㹦ѫݣ⻹ֻһɵ
ɴ˫ۣҶĻʵǲҪȫֻ֮ʲô龰
һ죬һջ360720㹦ѫһȥƾͲôˣϾһһԵе޲඼ˣȻ˵Ұе޾طܹٲҲҪʱģӦֻɱͷޣԺ඼ˣҲ̬ˡ
7Ҳܹõ14002500㹦ѫ⻹ֻǱعƣ̫ˣҺûѡ񵥶ȥɱЩޣ˵ܲҵõĿ꣬ҵҲԶԶһÿ졣
˿ҶĻҲΪԼӦĬյеҡ
ϧЩѫǮҪһҶĻЩϧ˵׽߶һǮܹѫĽ֮ЩڵĻһȫôϰеʸ񣬽ʱҪǶһϰеķţЩſɶˣϴɢӪĶһϵͳ濴˵ķҲҪ3300㹦ѫ⻹ֻЧõġ
ãԴŬһʱӦþ͹ˣʱҲΪĽ׽ˡ
ҲΪԴĽ֮µĽߺ͸ոճΪĽ׵Ľƽﶼ̫УļͶ巨ҲûǮ򣬱ϾǮ͹ѫҪܣеķſɲ˰
ߵļ۸ǾֶΣΪýǲͣسɱ޵ֶΣҪøǿøôĽ֮ҪУоҪǮ߹ѫֻɱ޲ܹٵĻЩǾֶΣΪýֶ߲ͣΣҲΪսֶΡ
ҶĻŪûС
ҶĻɵɵվĬղ
ŶˡѹҶĻϽܵ˵ߣ˿˶ѾԼһ
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˱ɢӪԻؼˣҶĻҲ̤˻ؼҵ·
죬컹ҪϣܹһջɣñȽջҪ࣬ĻһԴҾܹһзŵĹѫ̧ͷѾЩƫڵҶĻ뵽
ؼҪϢϢǰҶĻȴ£ҶĻҪĶȫһ֮Ѿ10ˣҶĻٳ˸11㣬ҶĻ׼ʱ˯

ϣȥɢӪڶ賿4ҶĻ˴겻ĳ5һҶĻͬһ׼ʱ̤ǰɢӪ·
ҶĻڽֵȴһ£ÿߵ϶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼнջ൱Ĳÿ˶ڽԶڴҶĻҲ⡣


64 
7㣬˸һӢΧԣҶĻһԼǿ޵ʱҵһĿʱѾ10ˣһҲɱֻޡ
һüһֱ59ţ⼸Ǽнߵ϶΢Цջ񶼺ܲȻżǻᴫڻҰϢϾԴڼҰ֮ҲǰٷְٰȫģǳڶԷΧĵطӢ
⼸ҶĻջҲܲϵһջҶĻ⼸һ׬10002000๦ѫջ൱Ĳ

59ţһҶĻǰʱ𴲣겻ĳ7࣬Եĵط
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⡭ҶĻ˸ΪȻڸղǵĺ֮иоζʲôɡ
˵ҶĻԶĴֿ˿ΪǵĺǴӢˣ⼸һֱӢΧԣӢ޵ĺЩӢ߽ͬ׽ǽ֮ʱģ˸оĺҶĻȴǵһ
Щ߽׽ߵʲôޣǺȻ˲ĸо
˿̲ҶĻλǿǹսҲüͷÿ󶼷ǳĲ
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ҲãطɣоЩ̫Ծ˵ͷǰԴ֮ʱֹ飬Ž׵ļ޽һͷŽֱܹ޶ǾǿĴڣʵ˵Ǹո˶λԾǨĽҲܹӲƴͲŽ׽߿ǵģŽ׽߱Ӣڲһ·׷ɱӢ֮⣬ûˣҺüʱĸ߽׽߲žһʮλ߽׽ֵ²նɱͷ
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鲻ǰ귢ˣԴҲ飬СΪԷһǲܴˡ
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طɣǮ͹ѫȻҪСҪ
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ܣܣǾŽ׵ĽħԳһ˸͵סһԴγĴһ㿳˽ħԳֱۡ
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ħԳΪһǽն֣ƤӲޱȣֱõҲ˵ֺԴնڽħԳϵһû˿ãֻ΢΢ƿ˽ħԳƤˡ
ȻԴһȴŭֻħԳ˶ȭͷħԳһȭԴ

ʱһ˸ȥһУӣֻѸٴܵ˽ħԳһȭ㳯ŽħԳ˹ȥӵвûκֱȭͷԷƵĽħԳ
Ӧ˵ȭħԳӦצұȫͬͨ˵ұۣһֻצӣһֻƬг׳צ
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צȭһȭ֮ȻԴŽ׽ߵȫһҪֲһȭ֮½ħԳǸߴʮ׵ֱӵɳȥʮ׵˵ϡ
һȭɽħԳ֮תǾУţ˴Դᵽ˽Ӣڲ޿ʼˣнѸٳ
ʲôӢڲޱˣôܣǰűһνôֱˡ
ݣĹôʲôҪˣϽܡ
ܣͣˣһӢڲ޳Ǿˡ
һʱӢΧԵϰһе鳯Ǳ߿񱼶ȥҪԶ
ģǱܡʱҲһ
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üͷҶĻʩչ粽ʼȫٱϮȻĴɻҶĻȴԼٶȣСҪ
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ͻȻ˸ո֮ʱɰǧ޺ͬʱֻһֻһֻӢڲЩоŽ׵ļޣҲа˽׵ģĽ׻׵ĶУһȺ
֧޴֮ǺƷһ㷲ߵеĽȫǵϮɱĿ꣬ɰǧ޶ɢӵĽ߿ʼ׷ɱʱ˿̵ȫߵ˹ǰǽɱޣ˿ȴɱߡ
䣬䣬䡣
һǸ߽׽ߣʮλ߽׽ߵЩ߽޵ǰЩ߽׽еǸոմӢڲģеǸźһǸϵľ֡
и߽׽߸赲Щ߽ޣͽ׽߸Ͽ뿪ԽԶԽá˺ٴδһ
˿̸߽׽߽֮ͬĴսʽչˡ
߽׽ߵޣֻܵסЩ߽׵ޣµǸ͵סΪµʵ̫ˣǧֻµ߿߽׽Ǹ͵
𣬺𣬺𡣡
һ޵ĺҶĻĶ𣬴˿ҶĻֻ׷ɱţһֻޣֻĽޣǵ񱼵Ұޡ
𡣡
ͻȻֻ޴һһǰ˱


65 갷

֮ʵǿı죬Կ޵޽˿ôܻẦֻޣһеתֲǹһת㽫ǹڶ׼ֻޡ
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Σһֻ޵ķӦֻ޽߻ҪѸ٣һܿǹڡ
ǣֻޣĬͺǣֻĽޣĸСӶֿܣ̫࣬һĻ׳ΪĿ꣬㡣üͷٴδ󺰵һֻޣҲûתܣֻҲ׷˹ȥ
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ѾʼжĬպͺһ˷ֱֻĽ޽ֻĽˡ
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ĸ𲽵˲֮ĸҲ̼˷ϰ粽ҶĻȫ¾Ȼ׽Ҫö࣬ٶȲ඼ܸĬˡ
ಣಣಡ
𣬼֮ҶĻܳ׵ľ룬ʱҶĻҲֻʮֻͨҰްˣͲҶĻĶ֣ҶĻɲȥɱЩҰޣӢ껹̫ԶĴ޻ڲͣ׷֮УҶĻͣĻпܻᱻ޸ϡ
ܣҲҪܳʮǰȫ
ǰҶĻ˿ͣЪ±ȫͣرϮţҶĻıϮЩҰҲڱ˦ˣϾҰ޵ٶȻԶԶҶĻ

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˲ͷϵĺˮһȫ˴Сʱ֮ҶĻҲ˲١
ҶĻԼĲԶһƾɵ¥
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ΪһˣһѾȥˣһ30ҵӣӵʬ嵹˵ϣսõģһͷɫĶ̷ҲȫǻҳֻĻȴҶĻסҶĻסԭӵǰֻӵǰȻһۿĴ󶴣ӵ屻ĳֶˣǰһ͸ǰĴҶĻܹѾֹͣ࣬ҶĻ󵽵ʲô˺
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ҶĻˣɢӪϿ⵱м˵Ƭ갷ɣߣһǵľŽ׼ޱսߣǺҶĻһͻĳߣʵƾǿͬ׵Ľ߾һҲĶ֣λĽȴ
ӦǸոģҷͣʱѾǼˡƬҶĻ뵽
ΪλͻľŽ׽ߣƶλԾǨ֮ǰǿߣʲôھȻɱüͷҶĻЩ벻ͨˣˣ˵һצһצܵˣһޣѲǶλԾǨޡɾǶλԾǨҰҲܽһצҪǿߵ
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Сӣ㲻£ѾǸˣҵѾȫֹͣת඼ֹܹͣסȫƾõǿд߶ֱۣһѾȥбҪɱ𣿡
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ҶĻҲԷ飬һ˷ɱȷʵ갷ѾˣֶǲڵģڵʶҲǵУģҲƾڵģ˵˵ĸԼ壬һΪȫֹͣôǿĵҲٵµ갷˭ҲȲΪѾȫֹͣˣѾˣֻʣһЩʧĵе갷ɿһˡ
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ͷԱǣһʱ֮ҶĻֻԼĴԿҪѿˣǧһԼĴһҶĻʹֱ֮ӽк˳
һֻأƾһֻһҶĻŸоԺеʹʧˣ˿갷ҶĻӵҲɿˣ갷ɵĵѾȫɢ֮䡣


66 

ʹʧˣҶĻȴûлعҶĻﲻͣشŴ
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죬ҶĻڻعҡҡͷҶĻŬԼָ˭ھԼ޷ܵʹ֮󶼻ֶݵʧҶĻ˿̱ˡ
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ҲǷ̶ֳȵģȵĴĿԺгһЩϣһսεĴбֱӳһμ䣬ĴȴһܹʩչģһЩ֮µľŽ׽ҲԸʹεĴУǶԼĶӻͽܣϾεĴжڸ߽׽ߵ˺ǳ֮һЩϺһμȫһμ䵱ӵλ߽׽Ƕμ֮ʱһУϲŭ֣巨ս弼ȵȶУЩһȫڶԷԺ֮ķѵ֮֮п˵߽׽ߵĸ
갷ΪҪʩչεĴУȻ˵ѾǸ˲ںǷ֮ҲûбҪҰһͻľŽ׼޽ߵһμ֮˵ҼһıҲΪ
ҶĻüͷʵ̫ˣ갷ΪҪһ׽ߡ
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ӦҵģӦŵģҲҲҽĳɾһܹԽɵԽԴܹפվ
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Ҷ֡üɵסҶĻʲô鶼ûзƵء
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ϼֲҶĻ˵еĴ󵶱㳯ֱֱĿ˹ȥҪɱԼҶĻͺñԺֵһ
ǺǣҶֵ֣¼°ɡǹ΢Ц΢΢һЦеĶ̽ҲŶˡ
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粽ҶĻҲᣬȻʹûô죬ҶĻɲ֮á
μŤתҶĻ˲תһӭеĶ̽
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ཻʹõǶ̽ϲռƣ˫ƴ֮˳һӱ㱻ҶĻ˺˺ü
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ֵܣˣɱ˺ֵܣ粽Ȼոɵģ㶨Ȼɱ˺ֵ֮ϵõ粽ֵ뵽˺ֵʧģټҶĻǸոɵ粽˿̣ѾԶ϶ҶĻɱ˺ֵܡ
ôɱȻҪбɱľҲ⡣
Ѿ³Լɱ˺ֵܣҶĻ˿ûоţ¶һɱ
ǺǣҶ֣˻ǲҪ̫ΪϻǹЦݣɱ˺ֵҲı£ֻҪ㻹Ľ׽ߣô͵
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粽粽ֻμŤת˲ҶĻǰͬʱеǰѶ̽ҲҶĻ沿
ȻһҶĻȴһˡ
ÿ죬ٶȾȻȫΪ֮ҪĶֻ࣬һ׽Ϊλӵ˿ֲٶȣ粽Ҳڡͫ˲ŴҶĻоһΣУô£ҵĵʲôʱǿˣȻֵܹ˲ܸоҪ
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ͬҶĻһҶĻķӦٶҲܳԾٶȺܿΪһţĻǳ㣬Ȼûоͻ䵫Ҳͨţ츳ٶȡ
ոճΪһ׽֮ʱٶȱͨһ׽ߵһ࣬츳ʹ粽֮ٶȲŻ֮죬Ľ׽߻Ҫ죬ҲΪԭնŻɶӡ
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ؼսָֻߵȵսŻ˹죬ܹԻֵĵС
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ȻҶĻȴΣңֻüͷΪҶĻ֪ԼԲĽ£ΪһͻĽߣΪҶĻ֪Կƽʽ
˿̣Ķ̽ҶĻԽԽҶĻҲܹоԼǹֵҲԽԽǿˡ
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ͻȻҶĻоԼǹ֮һɱըҶĻԺˣǹɱըƿٵصһ޾ܲϵػصҶĻԺУһʱҶĻоǰʧˣ갷ɵʬҲʧˣһжʧˣؼֻʣǹɱը
һӣһܴ꣬ͬʱһҶĻҲ֪׹ȥ˶ãڣʶָˡ
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Ҵ˿ҶĻӶ󵶵ٶȷǳ֮죬ȷҪһࡣ
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ԭ͸㣬˻ǲҪ̫ΪҶĻޱؿŵڵ𾪵ԲҵĽˡ
Ľףܣ㾹ȻʱͻƵĽסǿǰʹҧ˵
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ͻȻϴһź
ã˵Ȼǰ֪ͨ˱ˣϽǡ


68 
뿪֮ǰҶĻǻ᳹Լߣǰ갷ɵʲôûҵҶĻƣҶĻֱӽıˣ֮ǰҶĻԱ֮óһȼƿ˵ϡ
䡣
ٶȵĸ³֣¥ĵһ˻𺣵УҶĻӰҲѾǱ߿񱼶ȥ
ʮ֮һɫæӸϵĸף쾭ʱ¥ĵһѾȫջˣʬҲսֳ׵ĺۼҲʧһա
ô£ﵽ׷ʲô¡ɲЩµĴ¥쾭üͷСԵ޹ʵطźŵģһʲôΣա
ǡüͷ쾭ʼǰսʬ塣
ССܣܡ˰죬쾭ַϳ˵ſڵǾʬ塣
쵰쵰ĸ˵ɱҶӣҪɱ㡭
쾭Ƿŭ쳹ʣһ˿˿֮֮͸¶˳
˿ΪֵҶĻȴ˸սģôͻȻо䣬ˣ֪ǸȼƿûãȫȻؼҰɣǾնҲκҲá

ҶĻ쾭ߣ˿ӢĴսҲѾˣڶѾҶĻһص֮Уʱǵڶȫ˾ĵһҵУһˡ
ıǵĴ˷
Դ㷢ź֪ͨģӢﵽ׷ʲô飬Ե޹ǲܻᱩġĶ˷ޱ˵
Žľ徭Ҳ̫λʵƾԴɲ˿Ĳ֮վԴĻش𵽣ֻ֪Ӣǿùǿһ֡
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˭ǸӸȥΪŽ׽߶ҽӽһ飬˵ǿŹˡ
ӢֻϹӣǿӲ˶λԾǨĳǿҲҵֻϹ˭Ǹȥ
Դһλ߽׽ȫը˹һӢǶǶҲޱȿֲĵطҲЩˣһһֱû˵ĺӲҲüͷ
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Դ˻棿鶫˷Ҳš
ģ鷢֮ʱھǧ׵ĵط̽飬ø߱ԶһĻֻһӰǸӰһţĲһľͷֻϹ㷢ŭˡ
ԴҲΪ⣬ǽʱǳѪսֵ֮Ķֻʮǰ飬ʮǰǴȴͽȫͬ˶λԾǨĳǿֽӢҪǿнǿŹǺ˶λԾǨĳǿ߱ӢϹ﷢һս
ǴսĽȴĿɿڴȻ˵չǱǿһľͷǿȴһˣһλǿλǿߴŹľмӢꡣ
ڵʱǵģν˲֪˲ҲΪʮһֱû˸ҽӽǿŹ쾹Ȼֳ顣
ߣ˹ģʮǰǼϻ쵰ҪǿжȡֻϹȫߣȴܴѡ͵͵˵ʵҲȻףӦһ˶λԾǨǿߡ˵Ŷ˷˵ͷ˵ĻҲͿԽˣӢ˵׶ֻϹĵ̣һŭӢޱҲӦġ
ˣĻ͵ɢᡣ
ڶ߽׽Ǳ뿪˻ң뿪֮ʱԺ뵽Ľȫ¶̰ɫûɶλԾǨˡ

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ɢͬʱҶĻҲص˼У˿ҶĻǳ׷ˡ
֮вöǾɣ˭ΥԼն쾭֪ʵֻҪҲҲûа취ɳҶĻҲΪԼľеȡ
Ӣ޴󱩶һǵĳǿ갷ɣһĴУնɱնĸɶһжһɵģҶĻ˿ȴЩģԼҪ¶ˡ
ȣҶĻ˵ǰʩչ粽ǰźţ㶼пܻʹҶĻ¶ϾֻҪϸŲնҪ鵽ҶĻϲ̫ѡ
ˣܻģֻҪʵ㹻ôһж⡣鷳֮ҶĻһһ󱭱ˮʵѾһĽ׽ˣֻҪһرܹΪһǹսߣƥͨ׽ߣʱҲնĶҲ뿪ǰȥǣĽ׵ǹսĸǶ״
Ҳˣ쾭նȻķѼ֣ʱпܻᱩ¶ʱҪı㲻һǹս̱㶯ǰǡ
ҶĻеķ֮ɫ𽥵ȥ
ˣ갷ɸҵĴһûϸ֮ǰȿаɡ
ҶĻ˿бԼ˫ۡ
ɣɣҶĻϵطԼǶμʮһֱѹԺ˿ҶĻոսǶμ̱˳ȴܳȴһλһ갷ɵĻ
СӣҵĴ֮аⱲӵսĶ巨ս弼ĵãĹ̶У˵ֱӽʮķܶʷԺЩˣǿҪĹľҲˡ
ΪߵӦ֪ûѵͣڸ㴫еͬʱҲҵԸһ档
Ȼ
˫ۣҶĻٴüͷ
갷ɾȻԸҲҡ
νĴһ֮ҲǵеӦֶΣпԽ߽׽ҪеĶԷԺ֮УȻҲԽһЩԷԺ֮УνԸбˡ
Ըʵܼ򵥣˵갷ɽԸҶĻԺУЩԸȴͬڴйЩ䣬һĽᣬһڶԷԺĽֶΣҲ˵һֳǿ͵ĴߣҶĻԺйǰҪ飬Щת޵ҶĻϣǿЧߵֶΡ
˿ҶĻԺбӵ갷ǰҪ飬һǿЧߵֶҶĻòȥЩ飬ҶĻԸ⵫ҲɲԺ갷ɵԸ᲻ϵشߴҶĻǰȥɣӰҶĻ˼άԼжϡ


69 
Ըг֮ΪĽᴫҲΪڶԷԺĽᣬԷҪ⿪ĽҪȥĽҪɵ飬ֶ֮ǿ˲ܹʩչģֶҲֻܶʵСʩչϾһּӿ˵ֶΣʩչߵʮ־޴ֻҪԷĵǿһ̶ȵĻôһбȫϡ
갷ɶҶĻʩչһҶĻɾûа취ˣҶĻѡȥ갷ɵԸ갷ɵԸȴһֱͣҶĻԺнĸıҶĻ˼άҶĻǰȥԸȻЩԸҲһЩҶĻûбϵ˺ֻǻ᲻ͣҶĻȥЩˡ
ҶĻҪЩԸҲǲԣ취һһλԶ갷ɵǿȥЩ갷ɵγɵԸڶҶĻӵпԻԸ֮ҲҪҶĻΪ߽ǿ߲ſԡ
ٵôȻǰõģȿԸʲôɡЦҡҡͷҶĻʼ鿴갷ɵԸ
ǵҶĻٶȲ鿴ԸʱҶĻüͷȴһ
ٺ٣СӣΪԸǿһЩĻǿɾʹˣ갷֮ôܶʹּ򵥵ֶΣܹҵһʵǿҵĴڵĻôҵ˼Ҳǰ׷ˡ
СӣǲǸобǰΪ֮ǰһķԼе֮Щ֮ڴУо󲿷ֶĵ֮ʹĵ˲䱩ǣԽ˾ͬӴԺĵҲʹӵϢǵõӴеĴۡ
ⱲźûɱǸ쵰ɱ֮𲻹죬ǰȥ͵ľΪˣϧѾˣڣĵ֮ѾӵҵϢǸ쵰һܹ̾ͨϢжҵĴˣһᶯɱ㣬һǸ˵ΪУ붯ɱǲ˭ġ
Ҵɣİ취ԸܹɶλԾǨȻĻҲ޷ҵϢŬɣŬɣҪôɶλԾǨҪôɱǸ˵
ˣԸҶĻˣ˿갷ɵĴЦƻصҶĻĶһôĴ̶ҶĻһҪɱ˵ĳ嶯
˵Ĳһ˵ô˵İҶĻ˿̳׿
ΪԼ갷ɵԸУ갷̫ѵĻôǿԸĴߴ߽ףҲǲͣشߴˣֻҪסû£߽֮Ը֮Զȥ갷һʵ̫ˣȻԼϢ뵽ҶĻĵеУһûиҶĻĳҵ˭
ҶĻ֪ĳ˭Ļǻð죬ˣĻҲ֪ҶĻӵ갷ɵϢҶĻ갷ɵĳ˭֪㶼û㡣
ǰвǺл߻һնûֳһУֳ඼֪УܹΪ갷еǺǵҲǾŽ׵ǿߡԭҶĻûˡ
ˣһһֽ׶ε֮뿪ǰǣʱȥһǾˣ갷ɵкпܾһǣʱ֮ڻġ֮ҶĻֻҰο
ٿЩʲôɣȻҪɱôҵĶҲӦ÷ǳ֮ŶԡҶĻٴξʼ鿴˴еݡ
֪һһ갷ɴиҶĻĶ޼֮Ķʵ̫ḻˣϿԷΪ֡
һ֣갷ǰǧսԼս򣬹һ޼֮ЩǮ򲻵Ķ
ڶ֣갷ɵǰһж弼ս巨ȫУһЩϸעԼĵãҪ֪һͻľŽ׼޽ĶôͨɫиһŶķ弼һŷսҶĻҪеķŶС
Ҳݣ̫ḻˡ忴˴е֮ҶĻɵõɴ˫ۡ
ֵˣֵˣЩʲôֵˣ弼ֶҲûмӵС
ˣⶫľ⾹Ȼǹľ𴫳ⶫ޼֮
˵ҶĻ갷еǿľͷ˳ǰҶĻ֪ľͷʲôȻܹʹ갷λǿ߶ڿе֮ҶĻľͷʲôˣľǴ˵еĹľ
νľľǲԹľмһԴֱֵ֣֮ҹϼϡУΪֵĻֻڱضʬĵط֣﷢˲Ҿ徵Ĵսôֹ˵ѪγɵҲΪ
ҶĻеľӢǿ֮ϣ갷͵ġ
갷ΪնɱϧðΣǰȥ͵ľǲӢֻʵ̫ˣһצһצȫ갷ɵǰأ갷ֶѸٳĻ갷ɹҶĻ
һֻΪľĹЧڹѪγɵľĹЧҲ죬弫ޣǹľĹЧ
κֻҪһССĹľôǲԼ弫Ҳ᲻ϵؿΪľԶһһļޣֱľȫΪֹϹľĻô߿弫޵ٶȸǻᱩʮȻľȫڵʱЧҲȻʧˡ
ҶĻеһľҶĻȴǳ󣬲һĴ󣬰ƴСһľһȫյĻҶĻΪһŽ׵ļ޽ˣҶĻȴһչľΪеԽҶĻűҲΪ갷ɲŻȥ͵ľ
֪ͨ˵޻в֪˵ˣԾŽ׵Ľ߲忪޵Ľߣֻǽӽްˣͼȫļޣܹﵽ
һﵽļǾͲͬˣһﵽļ޾˵Ը֪λԾǨĴţ갷͵ľԭùľԼ峹׿ޣȻλԾǨ
һƴСĹľһλͻľŽ׽ߵĴУǺǣķա΢΢һЦ˿ҶĻѾ갷ɵϢԺʱȥˣõֵĶԼʵ
ʱڼݱȽ϶డǳǹսǵؿڳΪһǹս䣬һôӴ֮ѡʺҵĶǽЩɵĻôҵʵᱩǣʱ׽Ҳնɱڡ
ҶĻɵѿ죬˿ҶĻѾȲҪȥˡ


70 
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ҶĻĻôֻٶԼĻԾʵ̫ˣҪûӵдƼĻԾĴʵ̫ˣֽ׶εҶĻԸġ


71 ȴ
ֽ׶εҶĻѾ㹻ˣҪ֪еĽǹսҲֻǴһѣ߽׵ĽҲֻǴȴҶĻóΪĽ׽ߵĻԾһԴڳ˿ǲҪΪɵĳɹҲһ
һҶĻʵͲһˣֻҪôҶĻȷԼʵȻʵķԾҲҪǿһΡ
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갷һսߣĶ඼ʺҶĻ弼ȴͬ갷ɵĴ֮еŶ弼ҶĻҪĶ弼Ϊ
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갷ɱǿŲе似ɲŵԳɹ͵ȡ˹ľɼ似ɵı̬֮ҶĻȴЩеκһ֣ǵС
ۣеĶԺеԴеĵҶĻɻˣѲɵоֶģȿɡ
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֪Ľ֮ǰ޷еģΪĽ֮ǰڵĻ򶼴ڳ˯״ֻ̬еȫ߲֮ſԶԼĵнΪԭǻصһֱ˵֮УĽ֮ǰֻ弫޵ĿһһԻֳ֮Ľ֮㲻ͬˣĽ֮߿õжƿأһȫƿôҲȻͿԽеĵͷųˡ
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쾭һƱǰӣƬҲɢ˵ϡ
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˵쾭˿쾭ԼļȴţѾǮҶĻļſڶˣֻҪҶĻһôܹ֪ҶĻȥڵȣҶĻ뿪ǡ
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Ȼ쾭һȱ70죬70ҶĻһֱδ뿪ǣֻڵʱҶĻһ͵סȥˡ

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72 Ϯɱ
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Сӣұ֪ʲôǿߡ

ŭĿԲ쾭μҶĻǰ쾭ȴһѶ̽һͬǰѶ̽һģһĶ̽˿Ѷ̽쾭ȫͬУǰɱбһмĽʹҶĻ޷ж㣬Ϊܹͬʱط
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ҶĻնɱ֮ıң֮һϢ濨ı粽쾭˿ʹõɱ
ɱǸؼıսԹѧ߽ΪģʩչУЩвƭԷӾжƭںҶĻ·ҶĻûɱ
ƽɱķҶĻҲ֪кü֣֣һԶԷĵж϶Էеʵһ۾жϣַҪӵзǳḻսԼԸʽ˽ſԡ
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˿ҶĻѾǹڶ׼쾭ͷࡣ
ȡ
һ쾭ûκԥ͵һ㿪ҶĻǹڣ粽չ쾭ƵҶĻıͬʱеĶ̽ҲٴϮҶĻ


73 ҶĻʵ
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˿ҶĻҰһ涼ѾΪ743λǣ۶ֳĸλֻҪмѭôҶĻܹ˳Ŷڵķλйڶľ֮һϰ743λ磬ôҰΧڵһжѾƿˡ
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ڹ֮ʱоҶĻЩ֣ҪһԽҶĻ֮ʱȫΪ֮粽ɱ־ȫʩչ۷壬Ǵ˿쾭űķȻûа취ҶĻôֻҪҶĻҰΧ֮ôܹоΣҶĻǹָŵΣ
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һϸ΢ĶҶĻĵһӵص쾭֮յı˹ȥɵڶӵȴ쾭࣬ˣ쾭ҶĻΪǹս֮ĵһսնɱһ׽ߡ
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ߵĽ֮ҶĻӵܹѹ쾭ʵټΪǹսǿ󹥻쾭Ѿעˡ
׿սʤס쾭ҶĻ΢΢ҡҡͷӵ֮ĽߣʱǶ֡
ҶĻ㳯쾭Ǳ˹ȥնɱ˶֣չʼѹΡ
ãǡ֮
ͻȻҶĻո׼ȥѹ쾭ʱһ쳣ǿľҶĻԺͬ˷չֵ֮һޣͬǴ˿̳ҶĻԺе֮ɱޱȰɱ
ննֻɱԵŻӵɱ֮üͷһҶĻ³֮ˡ
ܾߡ
Ǯ֮ؼʱСҪû˿ԥҶĻתǹתԶ񱼶ȥ
ಡ
ҶĻȥʮҵʱ֮һӳ˴˴
һ״ɫսЩһͷոܹס˫۵ĳִͨͨڻͣҲûʲô⣬һۿȥֺܺ۸ûʲôƢǿ˫۵ĻͲһˡ
˫ͷס˫۲ͬڳˣ۾ѪɫģѪɫڰ֮˫ɢ΢ĺ⣬˫ۻ͸©һҰһķ񣬲һǵдն꣬ն
ˡվԭصնͣɨܡ
̤̤̤̤Ƭ֮ն쾭ԡ
ϣϴ硭
û쾭ҶĻһǹ֮ȻûгȥߵǿʹԾɻһڡ

ޱ飬նû˿ı飬Ѫ˫նʵ
ǱߣǱˣɱϴ磬ɱɱ˷ľԼ쾭ָҶĻܵķ


74 ǰ
ţ֪ˡ˵ͷնûټ˵
ಡ
ͻȻ쾭һ׼ʱһ׹ˣ쾭ͷ­ڵϹ
һδɵСɱˡ
ն˿նһɫĳѳն쾭ͷ­
쾭ȥʱȴ˲ʣͬնĽȻ㲻̫ãҲնӵĸɵȴնһնԼͷ­ܲģľȥˡ
ಡ
ޱն㳯ҶĻܵķ񱼶ȥڿ֮նȴͣ
֣һ·׷Сµĺۼۼȴʧˣüͷնϵشܣ˻ܵˡ
նһ˫Ѫɫ˫۲ϵɨҪҳҶĻӰ
ߡ
һɨδնֱӷųԼ֮ҶĻĻô֮ȻԽҶĻҳ
ÿһ嶼ֻԼĶϢҶĻҲ⣬߽׽Լ֮һΧ֮ڿԸ֪Ϣն˿̱֪֮ҶĻϢ
ûУܣСӵʵʱܹܵѾǼˡ֮նԾҲҶĻӰֻ⸽ҵͽޣһǲˣϸҡ
նٶȷųԼ֮ޣޣޣն֮ҵȫ޵ϢҪ˵ҶĻˣһϢûС
ˣȥɡ
ҡҡͷնת뿪
նת뿪֮ҶĻҲһҶĻ⸽һնƤӵ¡
նŵλòһ׵һʯѺҶĻĲ
ˡҶĻһҺве似ɿȫҵĵкϢ갷ɲ֪һӹ˶ٴε׷ɱһʹ˲ֻҪԷûۿҾ޷֪ҵĴڣնˡ
״ʹòҶĻڲЧʮ⣬նλ˽׵ǿҲ޷֪ĴڣȻҲû֪նĴڣҶĻ׼߳ʱһӰȴҰΧ֮ڡ
ննûߡ
ݣȻǹ
ҺҶĻһֱʹ似ɣٶȳֵնûзҶĻӰҶĻȴ̲סһ䣬ͱ¶ˡ
ѵˣվԭصնԼѪ˫ͫһɨ
һӣӡ
ʮ֮նֹͣɨӣ˿նԿ϶ҶĻ
ߣҲΪ֮ʱұ㷢ģ˭ҪǸҵң֮ҲҪնɱһնŹҶĻҶĻ
ն֮Իַ뷨СʱľйأնǸ¶СʱնͬһһԹԸǳˣﱻ۸СԲůȻЩ¶𣬵նȴΪԼС𶼱סǱȥСʱնǴ泤ģԵĶǼġ
˶ԣնҲһ棬ֻһһֱѹаˣѹԽɷԽʢͷų֮ҲԽֱΪʱɷ񳹵ױͷ˳ԴѪıԼ֮նͱˣһзӡ
˵նҲֻɱ¾ڲԼĵˣԼٴγ֣Ҫɱһиҵˡ
ಡ
Ծɨ޹ն뿪뿪ˡ
ҶĻȴǲҿնһλǹһֱȵСʱ֮ҶĻһ
Ӧˣûˡһƨ˵ϣҶĻڵĿʼ
ÿֲննʵԲڵܹ󼰵ġ뵽նԼĸоҶĻЩ£ڵҿԸ֪Ľ׽ߵʵ׵ǿԣ׾͸оˣȻҿնʱҵĸоȴһƬ󺣣һƬɱ¾Ĵ󺣣ʵҪԶԶǿҡ
Һҷ֮ʱѹ͵Ϯ룬ּҾ͵ϮҲ˲Ҫɱȴ練ơ
ˣϽ뿪ȥǡ
ҡҡͷҶĻվʼŶǰһ·ҶĻ״̬ۿȻĻҲҶĻ
սǣսǵΧһаǣǽսǰģͬЩС;ҪǰһǴڵҪرǱǣ˵ÿһǺս֮ľ붼Խ֮ΪսǵĽ
ıǶǺĺǣҶĻеĿĵرǶǣҶĻתսǵĽȴ̫࣬Ͼһض޵磬ֶͨڳûа취ʹãһʹ̾ͻΪ޵Ŀ꣬Ҫǰоֻܿˡ
һ¸ڴԽҰǰǵĴ඼Ǹ߽׽ߣĽߣǳȺӵĽߣϾҰ֮еʵ̫ˣʲôʱܳһֻ߽ޡ
ҶĻĽ׵ʵֻǰǵļûУȻԼвȾĻҶĻҲҶǰУǺ졣

ǺͶ֮ľȻȽϽҲֻǱȽ϶ѣֱ߾217һ·ϵر࣬һСľͻһЩ߽׵ޡһ·֮ҶĻ˸εĵطͣҶĻ㽫ӵͼ˳
ֱ򵥣Ҳ죬ֱȴΣգǵмشһƬɽ֣޵ľۼأĸ߽˿Ӣ٣ȻòҲܱ֤е޶ûңֱߣѡһȫ·
ҿȫ·Ӧһ300·ɣȻ˵Ҫ·ܹȫһЩһ·ϵĸ߽ٵģҲȫġ
ŵӵͼȻ˰ĻžԼҪߵ·
ҶĻ˯˴ϾڻҰʱҪ֤Լӵг;ſԣ˯ҶĻҲǳСģϾ״¶޻ҰԷ޵ͻϮҶĻ˯֮ʱҲԼϢ

ڶ峿̫ŸոҶĻ˴ڻҰ֮ҶĻɻԼĳ弫޺սЩˮۣˣһղ˵ٶȷǳ֮죬ֻ׺ܹӵǿʵ
糿8㣬˼򵥵ĳ֮ҶĻ̤ǰǵ·


75 ش
𣬺𡣡
һ磬һ޼ʵĻҰ֮һļµ˻ϵֻһֻСֻа׸ߵԱڻҰ֮мٱţֻԱȻСɣϵļȴǣһۿȥܹ֪һӵзǳǿı
顣
ͻȻֻԱ羺ٵζʱһ൫ȴˣֻԱ㵹˵ϡ
˿̣һһָСֻԱͷϣֻԱ֮ʮ״Ӳ֮һսȴ¶һ˿΢ЦǴ㴩ԽҰǰǵҶĻ
ˣϽʰȻĻѪζ޵ġתǹҶĻһ˱ٶȿԽʮ׵ľֻԱߡ
ԱʬҶĻٴչԼٶطȥֱܵһεӲݶ֮ҶĻͣ
ǺǣҰôֻҪʵԶӡԱҶĻһϲĿʼԼ͡
뿪֮ǰҶĻ׼Ұ湤ߣı֮С
ƴС̫ܸ¿ĤֵϣļһһӦȫ
Сʱ֮ҶĻԼͣ⡣
ţ㰡ʵҲֻڻҰ֮ԼԲܹԵõڵ˺ҧеĿҶĻ¶顣
ˣг̡һ˺ҧſҶĻӵͼ˳
ҿǰʱ䴩Խ˶֣֮ƽԭλƽԭıȽϿߵĵطҪ߳ˡҶĻŵӵͼپСʱҾ߳ƽԭ
ԼҪĵطҶĻȴüͷ
شֻҪ߳شٻʱܹǣϣҪڲشʲô鷳¡
شʵҰ֮洦Ա֮ΪشΪûа취ƶģϳ֮еطûзɣûйûԼȻҶĻеĲشȴ⡣
Ƕ˶ԵģûнȥҶĻеĲشһľۼأҰ֮г˸֮⻹ۼأش֮һۼڲشȴееϲ
ΪǶһЩӣشʵԭڳееȴΥ˹ҪӱƲõɵģشҶĻѡǰǵıؾ֮·ϡ
ۼ˸Լսǵаٷ֮ʮϵĲӣȻЩ˶һЩ׶֮ʵȴҪ̫ǣֻҪǵ֮ϵĽôұûκΣա
ҶĻţԴӳ˸־֮ҶĻնɱһ쾭Ҫ֪ҶĻһֱڻҰ֮УҲܵģֻϢ͵УܽԼҲˣ˫޻ܹҶĻڻҰ֮֮ضǣҶĻ㱻޷ʮΣҶĻһնɱ˶ʮֻޣֻޣҶĻŻôţҶĻž׸ҪɱҲôס
ҲֻǾˣӦòǵʲô
˵ͷҶĻ
Сʱ֮󱥲ϵҶĻûгĿñĤװٴ̤;

ҶĻλƽԭıԵشСʱʱҶĻѾҪ߳ƽԭˡ
𡣡
ͻȻҶĻߵһĹʱһĺҶĻĶС
սҶĻֻ޵ʵȻֻǲ֪ڻಫɱǽɱޡ
ȥ
⣬ҶĻźĵط˹ȥ
飬飬顣żҵײ
ֻڹıԵشһֳ־޴Ĵͬһֻ޲ɱš
ֻͨΪɫοҰǣͨҰֻȴҪö࣬׶ߣֻ޵໹һŵĹǴ̣ЩǴ̳ʻνֻ޵ıȫС
ǣüһȻ׵ǣǵѪͳ޵ǽΪ߼ģ׵޵ҲǷǳĴڣֻ쾭㲻֣УǴģƽԭıǶǣɶҲ·۾ҶĻһϸؿš
ӦǲشˣҲֻвش˲Żѡԡ
ҶĻ룬ͬսλǲشˣ˿еľ޴ͬǺսš
ͨΪɫĽƳɵģһװ룬ɱǴþˣͬ׵Ľ߹һ¶УȻͬ󺺺սǵȴûһ˿˺ۡ
Ϊǵٶȣ޴඼ٶȼǱˣ޵кбҪޣеûа취ǣֻǵҹǿԱ
Ǳߵֵֻܹ֣ܲǰض԰֡
ս֮ʱͻȻ˳кķҶĻڵķ
Ȼˡ΢΢һ㶣ҶĻû뵽ԷȻˣתۼҶĻ¶һȻɫ˿ûϢֻһԵվһԣΪǿߣ󺺷֡
ҲգȨ׬һ׬ɣ˵شǱҲչˡ
ҡҡͷҶĻγԼתǹ
ಡ
紵ҶĻƵһ˲˳ȥԼٶǳ˹ȥ
ض԰֡
ܵǰʮҵĵط֮ҶĻ̱ͣ˿ҶĻûж֣ʵ
û⣬ֻҪ־Ͷ԰֡Ϻ˵ĴҲ㺰ϾҪҶĻֵĻʵûа취ƽֻǵġ
ǡ΢΢һЦҶĻˡ
飬飬顣
ǹ𣬴˿ҶĻҰΧڵһжѾΪ743һǹҶĻŲͬķλһǹӵϵ˹ȥ
𡣡
ҶĻĹǺεϬȫٷ֮40پ1.5ǿ֮ҶĻһӵǴǵĻԿԶɲС˺ҶĻǹ˲ǱоҶĻǱߴΣ
һǷٺˣҶĻӵȫ˿˿һֱѹŴĴҲ
ֵܡҶĻȻһǹսλ¶˾ϲĿ⣬ǹսǿ󹥻ɱʱӵžԵƣǰЩҶĻʵȴȫû˹ǡ
ֵܣһϡ
ȳǹ˹ȥ޴֮󴫳˺طһ󾢷类


76 
󺺵ʹĹһǿ󣬶޴ôֻǵȻŻεĹǴ̱ǰһĻҲܣڴ׼˲ٴһתǼٶȶ˴󺺵Ĺ
ಡ
ҶĻսŵҶĻȻҪĽֻǣ粽չҶĻǵƶ
ǹսھ͹ҶĻϰҪԷȻ벻̫Զʮ׵ʮ֮ѵľ룬ʮڶҶĻʮڶԷҶĻĹΪӵ˲ƵԷϣǷɹȥģڵеİͬҶĻʵ޼Ķֿʮ׿Ϊ׵ĶҶĻĹ
Դ˿ҶĻƶҲһֱǱŶʮ׵ľ롣
顣
ǹٶҶĻ֮еתǹ׼ǵͷһǹ
תǶҶĻӵ
˿̵ǿƱ˳Ϊ޶һǳڵзҪȴ޶ǿҶĻĵȻǿ󣬵쾭Ҫһ˿ǵĵȴ쾭ҪǿҶĻͨ¸ûа취ֻǡ
˿ȴͨҶĻ˿ͬ֡

󺺻ž޴ֱǵĲȥ
飬顣
ּǹͬһʱҶĻٴǹÿһǹ׼ǵ
ʱԵ˵ļл֮ƣûȫ㣬ֻеһ
ѡ˶ҶĻĹΪĵиҶĻĹв
䡣
Ƹײֻгһװľ޴ֱӴǵĲһŹǴ̱ϵʵ̫ǿǵֱӵ˳ȥ
ɱ
˿̵ɳȥǿŴ©󺺴һ㳯ٶȹ˹ȥ
飬飬顣
ͬʱҶĻҲ׷һ任ҶĻеתǹӵԲͬĽǶȳϵɴ˹ȥ
𡣡
ŭ𣬾ѾȫŲԼҶĻ󺺻ǹϣֻڴ󺺵ͬʱĴָСѪҲϡ
ˣֵܣӰѾ¶һ˿ϲ⡣
飬飬顣
ǹٶͬʱеҲͣػţ˳ǲϵؿ񹥡
ڣ֮һ󵹵Ӵ˵ϣ˵ĿֻڳŲסˡ
ݣڰˣлл㣬ֵܡˣ¶һ˿Цݣˣҽкֵʲô
ҶĻ֣ͬҶĻԼĴ
֮ʱͫȴһ˿沿ȴû˿ĸı䣬ԾһЦ⣬ϸ۲Ļ濴
Ȼͫı仯ȴҶĻˣ⼸ҶĻĹ۲һأϾ춼һֱڱض޵ĻҰ֮УҪҪӵϺõĶԱڹ۲޵Ķ
֣ͫֲףѲ˼
ҪСһЩ
һ΢ЦҶĻɿ˺֡
ҶֵܣڲشӦ300ĸ߼ۣһһ룬ÿӦöܵõ150Ȱʬˡ˵źóһѸ־ǵʬæ
ҶĻҲ˼վţǱȥæˡ
ˣҿҶֵЩӦòǲش˰ɡһʰǵʬһʵ
ǵˣҪŴ󲿶ǰǣȴ;Ϯˣˣǰ˳û£׼ȥǡ˲˵滰棬ҶĻһֱţǶİˣĻ󻯵ĽԼ
ǣõطϸ⼸һֱڲشĻĳԶˣĽ㡣ҡҡͷ¶һ˿Ľ֮ɫ
ǺǣʲôĽģžͺáҶĻЦ˵
֮ǵʬ˵æڱ׷ֽˣƤǹǣצֵǮĲλȡ˳˱㽫ЩװԼıҡ
ಡ
ͻȻҶĻ׼ұ֮ʱһҶĻҶĻĵбо˼ǿҵΣ
˿̵ҶĻѷ̬ڵҪұ³˾ǷӦҪתǶһ¶Ҫһʱ䣬Զ͵Ϯ߶Ŀ괦ѵ͵Ϯʱ
ȻĻ̥
æţԴӿ˺ͫĶ֮ҶĻԺ˷֮ģ˿̱ΣҶĻҲ֪Ǻġ
һ˲ҶĻԺг˫ػ棬ˣҶĻԿԼı
顣
ûתҶĻֺ֪˶ԷĹ·һһѱץ˺ұϣ˿ںǰָĸ־⣬־ҶĻıֻвһ׵ľ롣
ʲô
ҶĻһסұ֮ĵһӦǽԼұ۳þȫһʱ֮侹Ȼûа취Լұ۴ҶĻгɼҶĻ֮
ߣ
һ㳯ҶĻͷ˹ȥһҪ˳ҶĻ˷ĺ弼ȻĻҶĻֻһ·
Ǿںֵ˲ҶĻҲˡ
ҶĻҲȱ㳯źɲ˹ȥ˵㣬ͬʱҶĻתǹҲҶĻֵУתǹǹָ˺ಿλ
ɽҶĻЩˡ
ڶη֮㽫ԼִҶĻг˳ûκԥתӣȵҶĻתҪǹ֮ʱӰѾʧҶĻ߷Χ֮ڣϾǰһƬ֣ҪܵĻǳס
ߣܵõǿ졣
źʧҶĻɫ
žۼڲشĽ߸ǼҪһ㹻ô᲻һеĻɱ֣ˡ
ոջͬһնɱǶһһһֵܵĽţͻȻתҵıͱӣӦǿϵĲƲһҪֻǣϧʵ
һҶĻһ򶼲ôϲǰһױһףǰֵת㶯ӣҶĻһǾԶ֮ڷѾԺɱģǺܵĿĻҶĻԻһǹɵ
磬һԲüѪɥȪʱпܷޣˡ


77 
ûиһܳһ֮ͣ
ǻԭΪһ˿׬һ죬ԼȥˡһôϺЩµ˵ұҪǿһ˿ҿԸ֪ʵҵĸоȴɲ⣬ʵ֮ϣǸղŶֵʱҪöࡣ
Һܵÿ죬ĵĻûɥȪҲС
Сֻ·شҪǰǣĻֻҪϼ첻ͿˣҲڲشҪڲشĻɾͲðˣʵ˶Ȼ뾡һа취ҡ
ߣҪСӲʶȤĻұ뾡һа취նɱ
֮վŲش񱼶ȥϼ졣

ҶĻȴ֪Σ֮ҶĻҲŲشһ·ȥҶĻҪǱҪԽشΪҪԽһϿȣȻشϿȵĽڴȫĶˣҪԽϿȱҪԽش
شۼսԼܱ֮аٷ֮ʮĲӣЩӻ϶ǽߣȻҲͨЩͨר׬ǮģϾ߶Ÿһȵ̬ϲܣΪǷıͨˡ
ھĳеͨҲΪ߷񣬲õĽǮȴ̫࣬ȻڲشȴͬۼĶǱͨĽߣﷸǲܽĳУҲûΪͨ˵Ĳӣκͨ﹤Ļܹ׬ȡھееļʮĽǮ
ھСʱİ֮ҶĻ˴˵еĲش
ǲشûôðվڲش֮ҶĻԼǰĳǽЩȣҶĻвشӦƶһĵطϾﲢǾȻ˽ġ
ҵ˼һһֱΪشӦǼĵطʵȻ˵ͷҶĻЩˣսԼܱǰٷ֮ʮĲӾۼأƽÿǶӵаǧߣսǵиӵʮߣһӵнʮĽߣЩߵΥ涨ҲǧҲ˵ôĽ߾ۼһҪһ򵥵ĳв̫ѣϾǶǽߣǮǿԴĹӶЩͨˡ
һ˵һš
Ųشͷ13˶λԾǨľǿߣشҲǺϻｨģ13ǿȴǾר̽شˣžԼǿʵƶ˹κεΥĽ߶ܵĳΣȻÿһ߶ĲƸҪֵޣԾΪΥĽ߽˲ش
ЩΥ˹Ľ߾ͷҲֻǽǸϳаˣȻֻǴţҲ֪ǲġ
ҡҡͷҶĻȥЩֱӴ߽ǰĳУ⼸ҶĻһֱǷ¶ޣ˯ҪСģҳ˯ҶĻһȵĵطúõ˯һ
شгţȴûߣˣŶõģԽƾɵĳҶĻ˴˵еĲش
ɢɢҳûϴĸ¥ӿݵ·棬·ϻˮֵ߼Ϊƾɵ̣ĻҶĻеĲشһǼ겻ӣʮƾɡ
ιλ磬ӦǸյ˰ɡҶĻƾʱһҶĻĶˡ
תͷҶĻڳڲı߽ǴһСккͲ󣬹⿴ҶĻжкҲ15꣬ͨҶĻ֪кֻһͨˣǽߡ
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ҪҪҶĻո˵кӻóһСӣĽߴ඼Իǵ鷳ⱾС˲شĳйԼϸҪҪһ
ҶĻɵ¶һı飬Ͼкϵɫʵ̫ˣһ׼ļɫҪֻ֪һСкˡ
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ðɣǮҡҡͷҶĻʵ
ܱˣֻҪ500кһ΢Ц˵
500ҶĻ̱ɴ˫ֽۣ֪ܳеСҲ10ǮҶĻĵһ뷨СкƭԼ
500ѾǱ˵ˣǲشǾĳУڳ涫ܱΪͨʵ̫ˣͶ۰ҳѵҲ඼ЩͨˣͲͬˣܹѵĶֽߣͨ٣ͶȻҲ͹ˣһ500ԱˣŴˡ˵Скһɫ
ðɣ˵500Ск˵ȷʵʵҶĻͳ500ǱСӡ
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شһ򣬳֮нֹɱͨˣΥ߽ñش
شڶ򣬳֮н֮䲻öֲɱκζԹ赽Υ߽ش

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Ĺ;ڸ֮ƶĹ򼸺һֻһһڳɱΪǱе߹ԱϿɵΪ
ڿС֮ҶĻСӵصľư˹ȥҶĻڴȺúõĺһ٣Ȼϴ˯һ
ȻưɡҶĻҪĵطҲǲشľưɡ
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Ȼ˵ҲԣڷæżҵҲŻҶĻڽ䵱žư̸֮ۡ
Щ߻϶ǱĲӣ֮Ҳ޼
ԣԣԣֻΪ˲ϵԼʵԼӵеĸ࣬ĽĻǵĽ߼һҪôһޣҪôı˵˽˶Թ
ҶĻʮ泩ڽʱ˽˾ư֮УҶĻ۹㱻˹ȥ
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˿ҶĻ˫ǱŮӸ˹ȥҶĻŮӽ֮ư֮еﶼĿ⼯еϡ
һͷ糤ˮĴ۾ջС촽Ůӵļ𱬣׼SͣһĺֺɫսȫֱһĴڣȻŮҶĻȴ
ݣŮǷҶĻһ˶Ķ˿ڿˮŮǼռ䴢豸С㡣
ʱھưһ󺺶һ
ٺٺ٣λС㣬ȱƣô˵󺺻¶һΪ˧ı顣
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С㣬ôżС㾹ȻԼǴҲûƤЦٴβȥ
椿ɲͨ˵רҲҪλ󺺴˿ʹõ椵һУô

ͻȻٴߵСǰʱһ󱩺ˣߣ˿ԭյ˫Ѿˣһ۵Ĺâߵɢ˳
ߵһҲ󺺵Ĳͬʱھư༸ҲһͬվȻ⼸һġ
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һɰĺ̩ɽٶһǿߵϱûκˣֱӸưɡ
ǡֹֻ֮֮ЧԺкѹһɽһĸоʹҶĻ̱жϳ֮
֮ǿն֮Ҫǿ࣬ŽǿߣͷһǾŽǿߡüͷҶĻ޲ʽѹǲ
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ڲشʵһУĸ߲㹫ͬ˽ڳɱĺϷԣԾŽǿǱΣûԸڲشһŽǿߣΪ
ǺǣǺǣᣬᰡЦ󺺸Ͻ˰˻ȥ
ߣ˿վǰ˧СҲԷ̵
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˰㣬Ҳ˼ңû׵λֶԱ˼ҿоŽǿеģûŽǿ߽ʲô𣿽С㣬Ҳ˵ŽǿǸС椵ˡ
þŽǿߵˣʲôʱŻˣСҲǱ˰ʲô
Ͽ֮⻹ʲôﲻ굱Ȼ֪ϿشϿȵĳڣϿϿȵеһСϿȣıء
ϿһǳصĵطΪϿ֮лһΪҺĶЩҺϿֻҪһܹһһ׵ĽͻƵףûκθãǿ弫޵Щ˾ΪҺġ
ݣﾹȻֺöȥһˡ
żżȥ˾ϿȵеȻ̫ܼϿȴضޣиǴžŽ˶λԾǨǿޣϿ֮г걻һַǳصǣ˽ȥ˶·κθ߿Ƽ豸ûãЩ֪ΪξȻ޷ɢϿһһ㡣
˶λԾǨǿִϿ֮ҪһѹεҺǿȴһȥҲûϢ
˵ĻϿ֮أû룬ĻǸСʲô
𼱣˵갡ҺֶһЩееȻа취Ͽˣסÿ973ϿһΣ溣֮ʱ֪ΪξȻ˳һ룬ʱǽϿѰҺʱÿεϿ֮ʱﶼۼǿߺʹӵܣСֻһˣſٹ8Ͽ˵ʱ򣬽ʱûбǿߺʹӵܶۼ
ϾҺֶ㹻ҺѾԵֵһľˣҺֶֻϿ֮зùЧŻ󻯣һ뿪ϿôҺĹЧ룬ҪܹͬĹЧԻкܶܶ
ԭˣܽˡ
ڴ֮еʱڽ䵱еҶĻȴЦ˳
벻ҵĲشȻȱأľˣùľܹʮ֮һʱ䵽ŽףȻֿԿ弫޵ı˭أ̰ÿ˶ӵеģֹ̰ԴȪ
⼸ɣȥϿȥǵҲһʱܹ㵽һЩҺҵ弫޵Ļͺˣ㲻Ȩһΰɣʱǿߵ֮սҲá
ҶĻ׼ȥһϿȻҶĻһעҪʧˡ

ưɵĴ֮һƬȻСһȴѾҵ˾Ƶ겢סһߵεͳ׷˿׷֮С㼸̸š
үүϿüˣһҺķֲɡС΢΢һЦ˵
С㣬ȷʵȥϿΣϿ֮ҺķֲҲ˽⣬ңսǶû˽ϿҺľֲ


79 
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ҺϿ֮ȴ޹ֲģһ鲻۵ʯͷ棬ϣʯУ޵ĳѨÿһпܴҺõĻƸһȥҺСҪѰҺĻֻˡ
ҲϹҺֶֻã֪ģԵɢȥ֮ϿһС޲ȥЩûôĶȻЩȴϮ࣬һЩײеޣЩϿҲ޹ɷֲġ
ϴʱһȥһֻŽޣԻСȥ֮ңҲܹȷСİȫ
üͷλŽ׵ǿĵĽ˵
ԭˣֲÿһϿ֮ʱͽ׵Ľ߻ôҺϾѰҺȫƾֻҪټϺĻӦÿŪܶҺġ˵ͷС˵
ҿʱ㻹Ǳȥˣﶼ˵ˣֻʣһС޵Σյĳ̶ȴ˿ûнͣϾ޹ʽķֲһЩ޿ɾͲˡʱһԵ˧˵
ߣĽҪǺµĻɣ治֪ƤĸʲôУֲԽеġ
ȻĽļ仰ȴСĲվСֱָĽıӿʼȵ
ʲôǴҶ֪Ȱ㻹ǷǸ˼ɣʲôʱʵʤ˵
С˳Ưļ𱬣˿ƢҲͬһòƺܻ𱬣Ľֻ˵˼ٽһС㱻ָű˵
ȻС˲ӵĴĽλӸȴֻƲƲ죬ûмԷΪ֪ԼڻǰС椵Ķ֣ʲôʱܹҵļҴһΡ

ͬһʱ䣬ڵ֪ϿϢ֮ҶĻҲûھư֮оȹһ֮λƵ뿪ҾưɳСľƵ˹ȥ
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תۼҶĻһεͳԼп˭ͶϡȱĲشأ
ȻǲشпǿõģľưɣƵ꣬һЩ˶ֻҪǮ׬ǿɲں᲻Σա
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ҶĻ֪ڴеЩ˶ǸոոϵģĲӣЩ˶ҹ·ҪҺģϾҺûɶλԾǨĽ߶Զӵջ
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ʵǿܹնɱ׵Ľߣ˵ҵҲֻĽ׶ѣʵԶԶҪϿҪѰһŶӣǱС˵ڲشҪҵɿŶҪȥĵĵ
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ǲشûоפأﾭһЩΥƷϾЩ̼ǿҪǮҪΥƷȷʵǲھƤӵ³ۣȴۡ
ҲΪƽϿûп֮ʱشҲߣЩ߻϶ǱΥƷġ
ҶĻбҪȥһĺУʶһ£˳㿴һûֽ׶ҪΥƷ

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ҶĻ֮ѡһװ޷ǳ˽ȥ
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Ŷȿ˵ͷҶĻʼɨĻܡ
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֮Ҳǹ֧һڷŵıǸǹ֧ڷǸܾԵЩˡ
ȻǹǹǹУһȴֻʮѣȻЩǹȫתǹϾǹսڽߵֻռ˺СһֵıǹսսеûôȻҲͰڷŵˡ


80 ˹ǹ
Ȼڿ˻ϵĶ֮ҶĻȴЩʧҡҡͷ
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ͺñҶĻһתֲǹʩչڶһûʩչҷķʽҲףֱٷ֮ʮʹء
λӦһǹս߰ɡҶĻıЩʧСҲܻ飬һת㿴ҶĻ˶תǹ
ﲢûҪĶٴɨ˼ۣҶĻЩʧˡ
ٺ٣λǿɲһЦ˵ڸ̵˶Ӧ֪ĺûһҪϰ
Ŷ⻹ʲô˵ҶĻȤ
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˱㳯ź˹ȥԼĪһ֮ٴҶĻǰ˿СĻȴһľƵСӡ
顣
˽ӷڹ̨Ϸ˳ƵȻľƵСӵӦ÷һЩص
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ֻӵзõһָĸ룬һۿȥҶĻ֪ЩתǹӵһǹӵЩӵȴͬҶĻʹõģҶĻʹõZ9ϽģӲȷǳߣӵеӵȴȫúϽģǺϽ޹Ǵġ
ôλ200ӵñϵĹͷټZ9ϽĶǿ߽׵ޣĹͷZ9ϽҲѷɫ٣Щӵ滹һ㱡Ĥһκǿд㱡Ĥô޹ĵͷ¶ʱӵϻɢ¶ʮȵĳ£ʣµľͲ˵˰ɡ˵˻ҫƵЩӵ
ǮЩȻΥƷʵüֵȴܲҶĻȻŹ
Աˣ200ӵֻҪ80򡣡
80򣿡ȻҶĻѾһ죬Ҳһµ˽⣬ֵʱҶĻǾһ֪Щӵֻ޹ǺͺϽɵģֻеͷһǱĹͷģ޹ǵӵҪ࣬ҲҪֶ࣬ǶҲͼֵ50ңȻﾹȻҪ80ĸ߼ֻۣЩǹսӲŻӵ
Щ̼һǻ⣬ӵԸһЩ޻ǽʱ𵽺ܴã200ɱҲ40ңŵЩܹ̾һ
˰ɡҡҡͷҶĻЩӵ
ΪӵҶĻ뿪֮ǰѾ300ȻҲǹǽӵӵЩҪٵġ
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ǵˣǲشˣЩҪĻԡ˿ҶĻҲن£ֱӿżɽ˵
СҲЩΣԭΪҶĻǱ𵽲شҪЩӵ߼ҶĻȴû뵽ҶĻȻǵˡ
ǵĿҵȻ֪ʼ˵ΥƷ϶ЩģǱ߿̫ˣҲ㲻ʣһ97ͺŵĸ˹ѻǹҪΪڴĿҶĻ
˹ѻǹֶڴֱ֮ǰѾо˳ǿʱո˹ѻǹѾз97ͺŵĸ˹ѻǹһʹõǹھӵǹҲֻ䱸ѻ֣ǹȴΥƷ
Ϊ97ͺŵĸ˹ѻǹһǹޣ߽Ҳܹһ˺ӵоԿȨľֶȻҪǵУͨߵУֶǽгϵĻ̱ߵ߻ǹǰȥɱޣȥĻֶڽߵĽ֮·谭Ͼֻвϵʵͬ޲ɱܹʹٽ
ĿǴٽǿʵԸ˹ѻǹһֱΥƷ
˹ѻǹﾹȻֺöóüͷһչҶĻԵ˱һ㡣
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ҶĻ򿪺ӣֻӵһһҺһԲͲһľѻǹ棬ǹǱΪΥƷ97ͺŵĸ˹ѻǹйҶĻһģһƷ
öҶĻǹó£Ѹ˹ǹȻ50ء
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Ϊ97ͺŵĸ˹ѻǹԭΪ߶зġ
ⶫǮϰŪеĸ˹ǹҶĻʵ
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1000򣿡üͷҶĻ˼1000ԲǸСĿҶĻ˿̵ҶҲһҶĻڿ1000Ѹ˹ǹֵֵ
Ѹ˹ǹӵԶֽ׶εƻתǹҪ׵ǹսܹʹãʹӵп߽ͨ׽ߵĹǹڱкҵȫֻǹй̶ܴܲжֶǸ⣬ҪǹԽսܲʵҲһһͻĽߣҵǹԻӵмֲֻҪ׵ĽҲһļܹնɱ


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ǺǣǹﳬֵǲԿġҶĻóпҲϲüңֻĻƣϰ壬ǹ1000ļ۸ϰ嶨µģԭΪ۸Ѹ˹ǹȥȴû뵽ҶĻ˵㽫һܵõ50ɣͨ˶50Ѿһǳˡ
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˻е˲ҶĻ˻б1000
ǻǮˮһѾȻͻ1000ҵ˻Ҳֻ4000ѣתۼ1000򣬿ȵ˶֮Ҫץʱ׬Ǯˡ
ҶĻ˹ѻǹ֮ӱҵš
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ҶĻ֮ǰܹԴϲ
ˣھȥɣҵʵĶҲ㰲ġľҶĻһ·Ųشĵȥ
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ͺñһ˵ŶӣΪ˲鵱еĶڱͱôÿ˶ύ1000ı֤𣬵ѺЩǮһκڳŶ֮е˶ֻ֣ҪϮܹó㹻֤ݻ֤ôѺߵ1000֤û˶ֵĻ˶ص֮ôܹԼϽı֤ûȻ1ѣ˵ĻԽ󲿷ֽŶ֮ڶˡ
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ԵͳΪ˲شдŶӳ֮ǰҪȥĵطȱ˵ĽŶļ֣ҶĻȥĻҵʺŶӡ
Ҳ¥жûϴˡ̧ͷԼǰĴ¥ҶĻ˵ﻹֻΪǮĵطÿ˶ԼǮû˻ȥǮϴ¥޽ֵ13λǿ߽ҲֻΪṩһ֮ˡ
ĸ߲Ҳ湻ģȻŵƽ̨ûṩ
¥ҶĻ㿴ڴһļֵӣͬĵ豸ȫֶģҪļ־ͱҪԼٸӣֻѺ֤𣬲ṩƽ̨
ªͼªɣֻҸŶӵġ
ҡҡͷĻҶĻʵˡ
ҶĻĻʼɨļֵŶӡ
شļʱȻֶģϢȴѾдÿߵ档
ļ֣ǣŶӣȱˣ˾ΪĽױս
ļ֣ĿģϿ7ǣŶӣȱˣ˵һΪױս඼ױս
ļ֣ĿģɱƽԭԵޣŶӣȱһˣ˵ΪױսΪĽױս
Ще϶עŶӵʵԼĿ꣬һҪЩŶӵ˾ҪԼʵˣʵͬŶӲȻǰȥ
ڿ˰֮ҶĻҲҵʺԼŶӡ
ֻڴƫҵĵطһϵһ̣һͷ磬25ҵһӡ
ļ֣ĿģϿʱ䣺7賿6룬Ŷӣȱһˣ˵ΪױսߣһΪǹսߡ
˿ıŶż˯ȻѾ˺ܳʱˣҲûļ֡
ιȥϿĻһǰȥҶĻ΢΢һЦ˵
ţڽԼԭŵͷ̧
˸ƲҶĻһۣʵǹģ
ǿ˵Ļ֮ҶĻüͷȻֻﵫҶĻȴʵֻܹģĸоԷۺʵԼ֮ϣȻȴһ۱㿴ҶĻʵȻҶĻڻͻõ޷֪ġ
ǹսߣĽס
ԼתǹҶĻһƽ˵
ǹս³һŨŨֱվǹսĻĽ׾͹ˣҵȰ㽲
ʱ֮賿6룬6֮ǰＯϣȽϿ֮ҪһжȻĻ֪ܳһֻ޾ͻ㣬һжҪҵָӣûĻ͸ȥ֤𡣡
ԡ˵ͷҶĻӦҶĻԭûд㵥жĻʻǳ֮ߣϿ֮޹ɳûǿޣڶҶĻӦҶĻҵҺڼΪƫƧû˵ĵطȻ̾ͻᱻȥֻŶһжܹ֤İȫһԱסҵҺ
Ǿȥ֤𡣡ҶĻӦˣĳŴ潻֤ĵط˹ȥˣֶı֤500ңϿطÿҪϽ1500ı֤𣿡
1500򡭡С
ڲشŵҶĻҲı֤һ˲ҶĻˣϿ֮еҺǱҪֻϽ500ı֤Ļһ˴ҺɾͲðˣʱ鵱оԻ̲סҪЩҺ
1500ͲһˣҺҲмۣ΢õܹһҵֵҺȴܹһҵֵ1500Һ1500ı֤ոպá
ҶĻϽ֤Ĺ̨
Ͻ֤ܿ죬ֻҪ˱鵱˵ȻٸҶĻͿϽ֤ˣǰһֻ˲ӵʱ䡣
˿ҶĻҲ֪ǰ˵֣ףһǹսһǶˡ
ˣҪĻˣֻҪ7֮賿6֮ǰͿˣڼûκλף˫˵סٵˡ
˵ףת뿪
ǺǣһйµˡףıӰҶĻЦ˵ʵǿ
ھϿʱ䣬һɣС˼ĵطҶûȥ


82 
ȥɣǲشߴԵĵط˵ܸ㵽һЩǮĶ΢΢һЦҶĻ˲شߴԵĵط
гжûеطֻвشֵطֶܹ
Ͽܹ֪һʲôĵط֮еĶһñ˴˫дĵطȴͬǵеĶݣ֮ʹõĶǽΪȫķȴǹʵ
˵ýڳɱĵطһսʼֻҪԷûôһֱȥֱһΪֹҶĻҪȥʶʶ
ҲشҲһֱǳ࣬Ϊÿϳ֮ǰҪͶ¶עǽش13λǿµĹκҪϳҪóͶԷԵȵĶעǽǮȻĻͲϳ
ӮԵõԷĶעֻҪôĶעǶԷˣҲΪرֻ࣬ҪʵǿܹӮ²ǮһЩֵǮĶÿϿ֮ʱۼķǲشĽǾȥһ档
ҵʵӦò̫Ͼ߶ѡԼͬ׵Ľսҵʵ˵ͬˣǾǿҲҵĶ֣ܹӮϲǮպ˹ǹʱ1000򣬿ʱӮ
֮ͬʵսҲЩ̫ˣȻ˵갷ɸҵĴ֮ǧս֮ͬս㲻ֻܹĦЩҲûֻܹѧ࣬ϾвĿɲޣͬвҪö࣬ǿһͬߵʵսҲá
˵Ļ⼸ҾһֱǿҵʵսɣϿ֮ҲӦЩߡ
ƬҶĻԼϿǰ⼸ȹﾡǿԼͬߵʵս顣

ھĲ̫Զֻٶ׵ľ룬̶̼ҶĻڴ
治֪˭⣬Ȼ˵¡ԼǰҶĻԹ˼䡣
ҶĻϲ̫ϲԡĸоսʱҶĻڲشȻڵ¾Щˡ
ôҶĻǵýȥ
ڵ40ĵطڲֹһشһ18ͨĵͨЩͨôԼĪӵʱҶĻ߳˻谵ĵͨ
䡣
ոսȥҶĻ㱻һɴ۵ĹâŪñ˫ۣ漴һźҶĻĶС
˫ۣҶĻſǰΡ
ֻҶĻǰһƬ谵ĵطǳ⣬Ϸ޴ǿƣʹͬһ㣬˿û谵
Ȼôˣ
һۿȥҶĻȻͬһһޱȣҷȥپۼˣЩеͬսеһԷźҶĻеЩ˵ź
ĲҲ֣ûʩֻʮ޴ĿӶҶĻ֪ЩͿӶս̨ÿӶϷΧˣЩڿ·ͣشš
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̤ŻĲҶĻС˾һӶԴȺм˽ȥ
ȣȣһӶıԵشҶĻɱ˵·սġ
ֻʮ׵ĿӶ֮ڳֲţһ׳ĴǵзӲ֮ʱʩչʽҲηνжŶԷȥ
϶۾ֻҪܹԷ޴˺Ĺʽʹ˳׼Ҫʽ򷨣ҪԷء
ݣļӰѾӿǻ50Ӯģ϶㡭
쵰ʵȻȥҵǮ֪ҾԼȥˡ
ǿӶ棬˿ҶĻߵڶһҲڴţһҶĻ֪ЩΪʲôˡ
ģｻս˫ҪģȻΧҲѡġ
λҪҪעʶһȫһһ¶پӮ١ʱһСＷȺҶĻ˵
ˣȿҶĻֱӾܾˣϾҶĻŸսûôע
ҶĻעС㵽ȥˣҶĻĿҲе˵ϡ
ֻ˿ѾҪֳʤˣͽΪ׳˶ѾʼȴıǰضżǳѪۣͽΪƫݵ󺺾ûôǱˣ˵ֻЩƣѣ˶ܹóʤҪˡ
䡣
ڣԼĪһ֮ͽΪ׳˶ֱӴһˡ
ͣ
˸ոպ֮ʱҶĻ㿴˵мһӣֹһ˵Ľ˺֮ͣҲûٶȽ
ǿոնʱҾȻʲôûиоҲǰ˽ǿߡ˫ҶĻ²˵ʵӦþǲشִԱˣشȻΪﻹһķɣЩɶǽش13λǿƶģκһ˺˫Ҳķɡ
︺άɵıִԱӦþ֮һҲֻǿ߲ܹάĹ򡣡
ҶĻ˼֮ʱ·ѾֹͣսҲνΪ׳˶ӼΪԸĽһֻצݸ˶ԷĶע
˿·սؿ˳תۼһȥ
ҵĶע200ֽ˭վ·ӼΪŵ˵
ߣǮҪˡһִ󸫵ȥҲ200򣬸Ҳҽӡ
ǺǣаûǸ¡
˵ս㿪ʼˣΧעҲһδҶĻվһֱ·ս
Сʱ֮ҶĻһۿĳսҲǸľ
ܼ򵥣ؿճʱ˭ȥ˵ԼĶעֻҪ˸óȼ۵Ķעô˫ԿսͬҶĻۿĵһսһѡͽⲫҲѡսս֮ʱûκι
˵κóȼ۵ĶעԷҪӦս˶ѡܾͬԷսҲ˵ȥˣоԼսߵĶôԲӦսֱӳ·սȴᱻʵǿĽ߽ӹܣóԼĶעȴս
ȻҲʱƵģһվӶûȥսĻô˱ҪطóһֱӰ˵ս
֮ĹҲһ仰Ը


83 Ľ
ҶĻľ֮ʱӶĵ峡սѾҪˡ
䡣
һ죬ҶĻ֮ĵ峡սˣⳡսʵſʼһӵʱ䣬ʤʵʵ̫ǿˣֻб˶֣Ļᶼûб㱻նɱɥȪˡ
ಡ
ֻһӰһӳ·˵ʬ屳רŸʬˡ
óĶע֮ϵжҲΪŻѿţκ˶սϾһôԵõע֮жÿǴϻõĲһ֣ûбҪշѣĽ߱Դ
˿ľȻ˺һ׵ıսȴĻᶼûб㱻նɱˡ
һ˼ս˱һţȻĻôô̵ʱնɱһͬ׵ǿߡ
˿վϷڶǶҶĻҲһֱڶ˿
˵οǷǳ׳˶ս֮ʱչֵȴΪֲһսԼռ˾ƵԷѹסֻǲ֪ұΡҶĻͣشˡ
ֻһɫսͷûκͷһѳʮңҲǳһ㣬̫׳˶ΪӵǿҶĻҲ²͸
Ͼܹǿİ취кܶ࣬ս߼弼ľȻҩһЩĶ֮ҶĻ֪ķʮ֣ûϸϢĻҶĻû֪˵ӵġ
˿ڽԼӮµĶһԵı֮ȴûޱվԭأ˴ս
˼պҲˣȥһԡ΢΢һЦһվõҶĻˣ˷չֵսӦòңкҪӮҲô׵ġ
ȻҶĻ׼֮ʱһȴѾҶĻһȥ
ڿԼһȥ֮ҶĻȴ΢΢һ㶣ΪˣҶĻھư֮վСһԵĹӸ磬Ľ
ȻСݼžŽǿУȻǴӵܣܹվԱߵҲȻͨˣӦҲǴӵܣҲգǰûʶЩӵܵսʽڿҲá˲䣬ҶĻ㽫ˬŵԺ󣬴˿λӸսʽܸȤ
ĶעѸһֻצҳֻͬצȼ۵360򣬸ҲҽӡվӵĶ棬Ľʮŵ˵
Ŷ˲ûпڴӦĽսȴĽ֪Ľʵ
л϶ڶԷĵУõ֪ԷʵҲֻܸ֪ԷĵеĴǿԼԷ弫޿Ĵ̶ȣܸ֪˵սԼѾˣжһ˵Ľײ㡣
ڸ֪Ľĵк弫޾֮¶һ˿΢Ц
ԡȻû˿ı飬˻ؽ̧ս
ߣھˡ˵ĽԼ䡣
ֱ˿ҶĻ֪ĽıʲôǰҶĻĽûκαΪûдҶĻ֪ˣ˱ֻıʮأװϵκεط
һѷɵ˿һѳ˽ʸеСɷɵĽС
˻
һ˲Χ߰ҶĻڶ
ɵһﾹȻʹõǷɵֱڴֱ֮ǰЩ֮˵Ҳٳ֣ǼˣĽеķɵҶĻʼ˼ɵȰһֱıʹƱѵһ֣Ҫǳǿķɣ׼ͷԼױȵһҪ䳤õϰȻĻʹ÷ɵΪ
ʱҶĻΧҲ
ˣˣȻֶôûǵһμ
Ҳһɱʵ̫ˣûսСӡ
һ˷ǳǿսһרʹ÷ɵսˣСϵźǲʮа˾ǴӵܣòվǱߵ˰ɡ
˶۷׷ʱվĽȴˡ
Ӵ˿һվԭأյ໹ЩˮĽеǰѷɵӵмǿвһʹͲҶ
㲻ɣȡ
ͻȻӶˣһеĳĽͷֱֱ˹ȥȥ֮Ϳ硣
ಡ
ӰĽеķɵӶֵһ˲˳ȥɵȥ֮ʱȻûзκһ˿ûУеĽֻһ⡣
ɶ񡭡
ֻͣұһѷɵѾȫ˽ȥ˿˿Ѫ˳ұ۲ϵһУ󺺸Ӧɵұ۵УʱĽȴѾ󺺵ıлһѷɵ
䡭
󺺸Ͻ˳¶ԷķɵһγҪ֪ǰֱĽʱ㲻Էķɵ˵ˣ˿ǼսȥĻĽҪ
ʶࡣ
ɵĽ˿˼Էֱ˵
Ǵӵܣֵ˲Ƕ쳣꣬ɵٶҲó棬ָӦѾˡۿⳡսҶĻĽʵǾ棬ˣƶ֮ʱʩչĲҲǳأʹ˵ٶҪԶĶ֣һָ֮ոʶԼѾ˶ֵĺ󷽣׵ʵĳַǳ弼Żٶȡ
Ҳ֪ǲĶ֡

䳡Ľ˶ԷĶע֮ͬһûǼҪսһֱҲûκ˸ȥ֪ӿ±һױսߣĽȴܹһнӣɼĽʵǺεǿԴ˿̲Żû˸ȥ״
ڸ߽׽ߣǲȥģȥҲûսĽƻֱǸ߽׽Ҫսء
ûȥǾɡ춼û˸ȥҶĻ׼ˣȻһܹӮƾҵҲӦû취һԡ
ಡ
һԾҶĻĽĶ档
˸ˣһΪƵˡĽûϲʮŵ˵Ķע
һֽ360򡣡ԼıҷŵһԣҶĻ˻˵
УǾͿʼɡ


84 ɵ
ಡ
ûκζҶĻֱӰγתǹ˿ҶĻǰһжѾΪ743λʱԽмǵ
ҶĻڶ֮ʱɵϰߣһս״̬ôҶĻ᲻Ծڶ硣
ͬʱĽҲóԼķɵֵȻûκһȳ֡
ù죬ֲǰ֮ʱȻҶոհγǹҶĻüͷ˿ҾȻоķɵʱκһطͬɱеУ쾭ʱҪĶ̽ҲŻָоҲֻǸо쾭Ķ̽ͬʱϵʮطѣȴֻͬվԭҾȻ͸оԹϵκһط
ҶĻü֮ʱĽҲоЩƣûнɵǲͣ߶š
֣ΪʲôʱҾȻô߶ᱻеĸоԼһȿĽڲͣ߶
˶Գ֮ʱȴˡ
ݣ⵽ô£ô򰡣ԭΪȥһǹս߶Ȼһôվţë
ôվҲǰ취Ͻǻſء
һʱΧ۵ҲЩˡ
С㣬үôˣټ˿ҶĻ֪СͬŽߺ޽ĴҲϷڿĽĶ֮޽Ĵ󺺲ɵЩ⡣
֪Ľʵ˵ǲҵļҴɵɵǰѾһͨ˷չһĳ̶ȣйڵеӦÿױȣڴֱɵǱѧǶѧλԭȵһϵеĶ֮ǿսǵҲһľ
˵ӵȾĽӦûӦǡҡҡͷĽСҲǲ⣬үүô
С㣬үӦҲһſӾԷľ˴˿̶ѾԷӾˣܹӳԷӾΧ֮ⲻȻĻ˭Ҳ׶֡ǾŽǿߣλһ۱㿴
壬ѵүͺСһֱվŲɡüͷʵ
⵹ǲᣬҷ˵ֻ۰ˣʵϴ˿ڱƴ˭̲סȳ˱Ȼ¶һ˿ᴦ·磬ھͿ֮˭ǿһЩˡ΢΢һЦλ߽˵
λŽ˵·ҶĻͬĽڱƴ˵ӾܹԷ˵໥Ƶģ˶Ըȳ֡
ɶһﵽǴðģĵ׵ˮ׼ȴֻĽףһյսȴ⣬ֻҪһ߷Χ֮ôұоԹϵκһǷǳǹսüͷ壬Ľǲ
սǵһҼʶսǵˣ˵ĻļӦòҲ˵пֻһŸ߼ǹս弼Ķô
ˣԡ
˿ѾЩͷĽ׼ˡ
ಡ
һתĽٶ˲ܵҲ࣬ͬʱеķɵҲԼĽǶȳҶĻŶȥɵȥʱͬǰһûзκ죬ֻһ
顣
Ľķɵɳȥ˲ҶĻеתǹҲˣһҶĻĽķɵһǹĽ˹ȥǹǱĽ˹ȥ
ÿ죬ٶȡǹҶĻͣ˿ҶĻĶһǳԵѪۣѪǱĽķɵģҶĻûȫɵȥ
ɵٶʵ̫ˣҵ743λܹķɵȻȴΪɵٶûȫٶȡ
Ƿɵٶȣ˵ٶȱҲҪһأҲȫķɵȴȫҵ粽˵ն˴ǮսǹģǸؼ弼ڸؼ弼ҲڶĴڣҵٶȱȴҪϲ٣ӦǷ弼
ڱƴ֮ʱΣҪٶȣԤЩǳҪҺǴ·磬Ҳ䣬һҪҲ̫ûˣҪӮ
һķŵɫ˿ҶĻڿĽʱ˫֮г˽
ĽǱȴͬҶĻϳһ˿΢Ц
ߣԭֻһսˣҵ˰졣һĽм˵ҶĻ޷ȫܹķɵѾ֤ʵĲ룬ûбҪٵˡ
Ǻǣ㡣ĽıԹҶĻֻ΢΢һЦû̫⡣
һ֮ڽ㡣ٴóһѷɵĽʮŵ˵˽ҶĻٶ֮ĽʮţҶĻ޷ȫܿķɵȴԱܿҶĻ˵ĻѾӮˡ
ಡ
ɵֶʮֵ곬ҶĻϵĽǶȣޱȵٶȣһνȴͬˡ
ֻҶĻоĽ֮ʱҶĻͷƫƫױܿĽķɵ
ԤУܡĽ̾ͿҶĻζԼɵģҵķɵͨǧģʩչ֮ʱмжԻֻҪǵгһصǿ߸ûԤҵĹοĵлҪѷһЩ
һ
˽ɫĽٴóһѷɵҶĻ˹ȥ
ಡ
ͬһһҶĻĽ֮ʱǰ˶ܶɵҶĻ׵Ķ˹ȥҶĻȴûվԭĽˡ
顣
ȱȫҶĻ粽Ʊ˲˶ʮ׵ľ룬ҶĻûκԥеתǹĽǹ
á˲ȥҶĻԤԼĹˣĽĵбҶĻҪǿһЩҶĻǹ˲ĽԷǳƶҶĻӵ
ĽյĲ˳˫ȷĽԱҶĻҪöٶһ񱼶ȥͬʱеķɵҲ׼ҶĻ
ûɵȥҶĻȴһοǹˡ
飬飬顣
һǹҶĻ׼ҪƵһƳĽһ䣬ĽȻԼĲҶĻӵȴûȫȥҶĻ֪ĽҪÿһһǹǹĽĵطȥĽ̼ѪۣǱӵġ
ϧһյĲʵ̫ˣҼܹǰԤĶǲȫҲڶйأϾҵÿһǹЩƫҶĻ
ҵʵҪһȴ̫ѣͻʵ̫ˡ


85 ص
ô£ҵķɵ־ʩչ޼һЩս鼫ḻĸֻԼľԤнߵʽ򣬵޷þԤҵķɵһôģĵбĽҪһЩ
վϷС㲻üͷҶĻ˿̵ıʹǳɻ
үүô޷֮СֻȥѯԵߣλߵټŽ׵ʵȻܹеİ
ǺǣС㣬Ҳ̫߿ˡЦҡҡͷλҲ֪еİأѧǧ֮·ǳ޾δ֪Ҳ޷˵ζүķɵġ
ˣһлĻȥһ˿ҶĻ֪ıѾǸȤ

ɶôܣҵķɵôܻᱻԤУһǱһвҵСԤУܣܡǲ᲻صĽһɱ֮Ȼ
Ѳҳӻⲻشһ֮УԣҲ䣬ҪɱСӡĽһɱ𽥳֡
ɱҶĻǺεȾĽı˲㷢ϳֵɱ⡣
飬飬顣
ûκԥҶĻеתǹһ䣬һ任ʮҶĻÿһǹĽϵȥ
ֻҶĻǿ֮Ḻ̌˷ִ磬λҹӴСûгԹʲô࣬ʵսٵףϵļѾЩŭģҶĻһ͹ʹĽû˷ִ磬ոɱҲʧˡ
˿ĽֻŶҶĻӵʲôû룬Ȼͻõʵ̫ˣһֶλԾǨǿ߲Żӵе֮Ľյǿ弼ҪѷɫĶ࣬ƬĽϱһĵѪۡ
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ҶĻԼٶȳ嵽Ľǰֱһϥײ˺޷Ľʹ֮Ľ˳
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ȻĽȴ˳Ϊһϥײ֮ҶĻתǹѾĶͷϡ
ǹڵд˿˿ɱʹĽ˿ĻҶĻĿǹɱ
Ǻǡ΢΢һЦҶĻûйֱתǹǶԷ֮ټĻҶĻΥĹҶĻûǸΥ13λ˶λԾǨĳǿµĹ򣬶Ҵ˿ִԱҲѾ˵м䡣
áִԱҶĻĽȭ˵
ɶ񡭡һȭڵϣĽʮֲģˣһкûʹʹһеĻȻԽСնɱ֤ĵĻᶼûС
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Ľûж֣Ӧ˵ǲҶ֡
˱ִԱЯתˣĽ360תҶĻ˻С
360֣Ǯûǿ찡
һսҪģٶȺսûҶսܲӮ1000򡣡ĽȥǰǷߺ޵Ŀ⣬ҶĻһ΢ЦվԭصȴԼһλ֡
˿ҶĻٵĽȴһģһû˸˶ܹоĵҶĻֻĽףȴܹܼ֮пƾĽ˿ϷĽ߶Ѿ϶һͷ֮¼ûҶĻĶ֣֮µĽ߶൱ڸҶĻǮ
Ľ߾͸˵ˣԼ֮ҶĻ˵ֱȥǻվ濴Ϸء
ȴûгã30֮һֺɫӰȥ
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üͷһҶĻ̱ϳ˴˿վԼˣλС㡣
ֺɫսСޱվҶĻ棬ҶĻȴ⣬ڿһǳȤĶһ㡣
ࡣȻҶĻ˿ȴûйעСҶĻ˫ͬһһСǸʵظ档
λСıǳ𱬣ȴһĺֺɫսǻ𱬵ıȫ˳˿ֻҪǸ˹ƶᶢСǰͿ˵ҶĻջĳˡ
ߡСɫ˲һСһתһö޹ǱУױܵצֵ360ңҲҶġ
ռ䴢豸ҶĻĿתƣҶĻûпСе޹ǣǿϵö쳣Ľָ
ԲͨˣȻܲеĳ̶ȵȴԸܵʣֻ׵ĳ̶ȣҲ˵ĵӦüɫǵзţʵȴܹӵֿռ䴢豸һеиһһöռ䴢豸ʱĸ߽׽Ƕͬɼǽ˵֣ôʵ
˼ת䣬ҶĻһʱЩ׼Сľʵ
ʱվϷڶҲȫ¶˳ԾɫλִԱҲ⣬Ͼռ䴢豸ֶһ׽ߵʵ̫ˡ
֪߽׽߶ûпռ䴢豸𣬶ûطмУǮҲ򵽣ϴгöռ䴢ָʱŻڶ߽׽
ڶȴ⣬ΪСոԼĿռ䴢ָʱɼǿ֮ɢ˿λŽ׵ߺ޽Ĵ󺺡
λЩ˲ܹǵġ΢΢һЦλŽ׵˵ôһ仰

УҽˡûȥҶĻƬ֮Сս
ǾͿʼɡ
˵Сһö޹ǱʧˣгһٴγֵĶȴҶĻסˡ
һѴصһѳ˹ʸ쳣ĴصһۿȥҶĻܹȷѴصɴ޹ģҷԲᣬĴصȴһˮŮУһ龰κ˿˶סʵ̫ˡ
⡭ָŴصҶĻһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôãܲ˵ɣ
ʲôþģܹնɱ޵ıʤصɱǰУһʹҶĻıλСȻǼ٣Ȼ㲻Ǿɡ
˵СеĴصֱҶĻ˹ȥķԿ


86 ү
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սʱսÿŮʱŮҶĻҲɲΪԷƯڷԼСոóصʱҶĻ㽫Լ˿СĴص֮ҶĻǲɵóһ
ΪΪСڻ֮ʱķҶĻ֮ͬʵս鲢̫ḻ갷ɵĴУе갷ǧսƽҶĻû±Ħ갷ɵս龰ҶĻСص˲жϳ˴صϵ
ףĹȻǿߡ
ǹսĹҲǿߣΪ֮ġ
һ֮ҶĻ̱ˣԼٶҶĻ˲˽䴦̽תǹ˳СĴصǹ
ΪҶĻα֮ʱСĴصҲԼٶҶĻ˿̴صѾҪҶĻǰˡ

ӵ˴صĲ棬ҶĻȵȴǰѴصûȥǶԭء
֪ҶĻĹǺεȵĿֲҶĻԽȫİٷ֮ʮһ㣬Щپڶʽﵽ1.5ĳ̶ȣЩȫתǹޱתӵ֮С
֮ǿǱЩ̤׵ױսҲѷɫ
ǹһͨױսߵıϵĻԿԽ˵ıƫҶĻǹȴֻǽСĴصͣͣסʱ붼
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ʱСĴصٴζҶĻֱֱȥҶĻ粽չ˲ʮ׵ľ룬Сһȴնǽϡ
ֻһСĴصȫǽڵУǵصǿǽǽпһ׳ѷ졣
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һСһǰѴص谭ıǽڵа˳һγҶĻն˹ȥεϵȴǿˣͬʱٶҲˡ
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һ䣬ҶĻеתǹС㱾һ䣬̼ҶĻ߸ƴǹ
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ûãȫûãСĵмǿǵзţԸӦõҶĻľλãҴӷŵĹԿֲǿ֮ױսǿߣתΪٶȣСӵٶҲǼ졣
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һһٶȻȫǿߣһȥͨǿ߾ԻᱻɱҶĻȴԼСĴ󵶼֮ʱҶĻ˹ȥͬʱǽٴαصһ׳ѷ졣
飬飬顣
ֻСĴص֮²һӵʱ·սʮѷ죬˿ҶĻȫ·硣
һ37ǹÿһǹסˣ󵶵Ҳ֣ÿһεסҵӵõʽܹشȫ·磬ҵҲӲ̫ãҵֵһУٶʵ̫ˣټĵУҳŲķλҲԻӵֵûáŴصҶĻü˼š
ҶĻü˼ʱϷλŽߺ޽Ĵȴ̸
ǺǣС츳һȻʵҲվСĶ֡΢΢һЦСıλʮֵ⡣
ͨҲӵһԶͨߵسСȴһСǵзţ׵ӵ׽ߵĵУˣС㻹͵ţԶͨĽߣС͵е˫ţ츳֮ǿڻͻĹš
츳ǿҲͰˣСʵżִŵͷڳΪĽ׽֮ʱСżðżķ͵͵شϵ˫֣һСڴƾ֮ǵõǿټСҴļΪעĹص
СٶȫǿߣƴĻС㲻˺նɱһǿߣСӾôҲСĶ֡һλ޽ĴҲЩ̾
λǿ˵Ĳ˿ҶĻҲԼСĶ֡
ۣϵʹҵȻôࡣ˿ҶĻѾʼ˴
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СǿʵҶĻʵˣĽ׵նɱǿΪĽ׺֮Ĳಢûж󣬶׾Ͳͬˡ
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ڶƿҪĽǿ߲ſգӦ÷ʽȴûʲôϸ˵ֻиöѡ
ӦþͲͬˣֻ֮֮Ľ߲Ǹ߽׽ߣΪ֮߱˹ԣǶĹԸǿ쳣׽ͬ׽֮Ĳǳ֮󣬴󵽼޷Խĵز˿Сչֵʵȴ׽޼
ѵҲǻͻĽߣһõȻĻôܻ߱ٶȡ
ˣƾĽ׵ʵͲĶֻ֣еȵ֮ʱٽƪ߲ҲܹͬƴټսȥĻҺпܻᱻ
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䡣߾˫ҶĻʮûƤĴ˳˿˼սʤһŮģһһŮȻŮЩ
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ҶĻ˲λִԱҶĻǰ
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һСջصĴصλִԱһУһ˵ϣ˿СǰƥĴصһ㲻˿
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ҶĻҲһֱһƨ˵ϣŵսҶĻĵķǳ࣬ںĽսңȻΪ˶СĴصҶĻǲͣʹԼ˿ҶĻҲʣˡ
ҶĻҪִսȥĻֻһǱҶĻľȻ
˵ҶĻǷǳǵѡνҪ죬ӭͷֱϹȻүǷ緶һͷײɵӷ緶ˡ
ڵϵҶĻϵشŴξȨǵһˣҲȻһ֮Ҫúõؽѵһ٣֪ʲôүǡ
ȻЩҶĻ˵ġ


87 ֮

صСתȦ֮㱻ս˽ָ֮С
ʵܲνֵ¼£СȻӮҶĻȴΪҶĻܲˣ෴ҶĻѹܴΪҶĻֻĽ׵ĽߣҶĻǹս֮з涼
弼ƽĸ豸ҩȵȣЩܹһ˵ʵǿСⷽȴƾļõģҶĻֻһǹսԤķۣԲ
ҶĻܹϺõԴĻôҶĻֻĽ׵ҲһܹӮҶĻ
˾ˣҽҶĻʲô֣´һȡҡҡͷҶĻվͬʱҶĻ˼ҵ֣ɴ˿ɼҶĻҲǶô˻椡
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΢΢һЦתֱ֮ȥټսˡ
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ˣڵʵûλС㣬ʲôʱӵ˾ʵ˵ɡ
ҶĻһԾҲȥϾҶĻѾˣҪóս
ҶĻȥ֮ĽѾת뿪ҶĻֻܿǼ˼ͨڵıӰ

С㣬ΪʲôҪָǸСӡͨеĽüͷ
ĽʲôҪ𣿡һչĽһۣΪĽ׽ܹ߱ҵмôãʵ֮ǿ֮ΪҲΪ׺пǺһʵǿߣȻʸ֪ҵ֡
ˣ㻹°ܽ˵㲻Ľֱתˡ
ɶ񡭡ıӰĽԼȭͷ
Ůһߣκ˷УȻһ㽫˵һδСӡ
ҶĻܺãҼסˡ

ҶĻȴ֪ԼһСıһͬ־˿ҶĻոշӪҺڿӶһԻָԼͬʱ˹ۿӶеսϾ˿̿Ӷеս쳣ʵģǿߵս
һֱҶĻ갷ɵĴ֮йĦǿߵս֮ûмˣǴ۹ۿĺãҶĻʱѾԼעȫλǿϡ
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Ӷ·λǿ߶ѡ˳ֿȭս˿Լ˶ȭͷŶԷ
ǿ׽𣿺֮ʱƻ޼ÿһжмǿơҶĻʮĿ·ս֮ȴźܴĲ֮ͬĿֲƻɴγɵģλǿߵƻȴȫγɵģǵȭͷ֮д֮
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һСʱҶĻһֱڹۿӶ·սһСʱ֮ҶĻѾ׻ָˣǺһ˿Ӷ֮ĥԼʵ

죬ʱҶĻ˯֮еʱ䶼֮нֹսԷӪҺ棬ҶĻν˷֮У֮õջȴǳ֮
ֱ֮ǰһλΰ˵ʵӲͬ弫޵Ŀս弼ķȫʵֻ޾սʵѷʽ
ս弫޿Чκζ巨޷ģڹľĸҶĻսڽʿƵĽ۷壬ֻһܹΪǿߣҶĻջȴЩڶ粽
ڶҶĻֻǽ޳ɣÿһλҶĻһ̶ȵƫ粽Ҳ˶٣޾սȴҶĻžһأ̸˵˳ҲԳ֮ΪˣڶƫҶĻ粽ʹѾ쾭˶ˡ
ȻҶĻڽǮϵջҲСҶĻӮһڣΪÿʮսҶĻӮϾųӮЩǮµĺҶĻѾСˣ֮Ϊ֮ǿĽ֮һ
˿ҶĻҲ֮УڽԼһսһΪԼѡһ֣һ׵Ľߡ
СӣҺ⼸еսҲ˵ƾʵսҡ
ʱվҶĻһ׳˶ִ󵶵׽ߡ
ΪߣҲ֪֮ûǿ֮Ĳࡣ
Ȼ֪ǷǳҪһ׽ߵʵ΢΢һЦҶĻʮƽ˵Ķע500ֽҲó500ֽġ
ԣҽˡҶĻѾó˶עλ׽ҲȰ˵ҶĻս
λ׽߽ҶĻս֮ϷΧ۵Ҳ׷º˶ע˵аٷ֮ʮ˶Ǯѹ׽ߵϣֻмһֱһ̬Ľ߲ŽǮѹҶĻϡ
Ͼһɽʵ̫ˣ޷Խ
ԭҪȰһȰ㣬Ȼ˼ôҲͲȰˡ˵׽߻ԼĴ󵶣ÿγֶȫԸӲ֣˱ҡ
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ٶȾȻȫ⵽ô£Ѳʵ׽߻Ҫǿԣǡ
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ˣҶĻԼǰһģһˣ˺ʵ壬ÿһ˶ɢеϢÿһ˶ӵеС
սµĴǾ֮ľȻǾ֮
СӣʵӦȥѡһ֮ǿߣϧǾ֮ԼĴ󵶣λǿ߻˵ûκεĻᡣ
֮һΨһ߱ԵӦ÷ʽȻ֮ϸ˵ȴӦ÷ʽ
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ַʽҲܼ򵥣öԷþ
˿ҶĻǰλǿյıǾ֮ҶĻǰŻһģһˡ


88 ʶ
Сӣ֪𣿼ż׽ҲԸͬҽ֡˿λǿߺʤȯһ㲢ûж֣վԭء
Ϊ֮ԭ򣬾ֱ֮ڶԷԺеټϵб޼Ծ֮޷赲ֻӲӡ
Ӳӣȷʵʵ̫ˡǰͷֲʵҶĻһʱ֮Ҳ֪Ǻá
갷ɸҵĴ֮ᵽ갷ɱӵо֮ǿߣھֱ֮ڶԷԺеԳֵĻþҲԻ󣬾ͺǰӰ߱Ϣ͵һһĻҸ޴ӷ
ƽֻþķʽҲܼ򵥣Ҫô˾֮Ҫôӵмǿǣ˾֮ĻͬԷӲƴ˭ľ֮ǿô˭Ӯңǲ֮ͬĸһһ˵ǿһ̶ôԷûԺ»þҲᱻǿɢ
ַʽҪ֮üͷҶĻǲ֪Ǻˡ
Ѳɾô䣿ȿɡ

СӣȻ㻹ǲǾͱˡҶĻǲλǿҲͷˡ
䡣
ǿҵľλǿеĴٴαҶĻŶȥ
Ȼ˿ҶĻģģоȴȫ
ҶĻǰʵһӰΧ֮˹ͬʱҲҶĻĶˡ
ɶ񣬸ûа취ֱ浽˭ʵ壬Ҵÿ˵϶ܹоΣ֪ܶһܡϺˮҶĻҲżˡ
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ͻȻҶĻż֮ʱǰĻ濪ʼıˣӰеĵʼеģˣҲֻеģˡ
ҵͻõȻǿֱʵ塣üͷһչҶĻΣͷ԰ʹԼҶĻԼҲܹԷһаˣܴƻþϾЩþǶԷþ֮µģû뵽ҶĻȻƽԷĻþ
Ȼֻǿƽ˶ԷĻþȻҶĻȻܹоõĸӰϴΣԼУѾ㹻ˣҶĻԿԷʵ塣
м䡭УҲ˫ۣԼҶĻ˶Էʵ壬ֻмǵӰΪĸӰЩģ
飬飬顣
ǹһ˲ҶĻʹ˱Լĥķǳڶ
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΢΢һЦҶĻһ任߸ÿһǹŶԷҪȥ
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λǿ߸æλǿ߿ɲ񷽲׼ˣһԽҶĻ߿ӵȫ
Сӣ㾹ȻʶҵŴ󵶣λǿһֹͣ˽
ٺ١΢΢һЦҶĻû˵ֻǿλǿߣҶĻЦѾ˵һУʶơ
ԣڵ֪ҶĻܹʶԼ֮λǿ߳Ĭˣ֮ͬǿҪʶҲǳףȻҶĻ˿ȴλǿ߽ҶĻӿţҪеİء
䡣
ͻȻλǿҪٶȽ֮ʱҶĻ˳
ʲô˲λǿߣϷλҲһ˿̾ҶĻռϷ磬ҶĻȻ䡣
ҶĻһٶλִԱҲһ㶣㲻ôˡ
ҲĶ֣ת˰ɡҡҡͷҶĻûиλǿֱ߽ת˵Ҫ
ʵҶĻɺܼ򵥣ڵλǿߵĶ֣ġ
Ϊʼףͬλǿ֮ŸԵĲ࣬ҶĻʶƶԷҲһϾٶȣУȷ涼һ̶ϵĲࡣ
ҶĻҪʶƶԷҪʹԼҪĻҲҪʹԼϾԷڵжҪǿһΣҶĻĹҲһܹжԷ
Ҳ˵ҶĻڲͣʹǿܹͬԷƽ֣Ļһ˾֮Ľ߸ûа취ɱҶĻȴͬطֻô󣬲ܣֻӭҶĻӭǲͣʹԼ
ټΪһҶĻҲֻܹŵľѡ
ʵҲֻܹƴһ˾֮Ľһʱˣսʤһ׽ߣǸԵĲࡣ
һ֮λ׽ߵĻܹʱǿߣ׵ҵ׵ˮ׼࣬ҽʱٶȣǱһأͬսʱֻҪж֮ʱеУҪʹʹĻҺ֮սΪͬ쾭ǰ㣬ϾǾֻ֮֮ӵйĻûٶϵļӳɣ˵׵ҾԿԴ
ⳡսҵջҲܴҵȻһ̶ϿƾȻ߽ǿߵľûа취ƵģϾ׵ǿµĻþҲֻܹǿʶƣ߽׵ĻƸûʶơ
ҲѾ㹻ˣһսԭΪһǿߵʵûԼܹӮ
̬ҶĻϡͿǿתʡ
֮ҶĻ뿪ҶĻһսΪϿеɢ֮ʱ
ˣôʶҵģǹˡҶĻȥıӰλǿɻУѵ˵ƽ⾫֮֮ͬ⻹еְ취
ȴû˵Уȥ֮ҪϣԺҲӦ


89 
賿5㣬еĺ⻹δɢشеĽȴѾ˴װҶĻҲеһԱ
ϿӦܹҴپϲɡ
ϵҶĻԼҶĻھ˼ķս֮ڴ˴Ͽ֮пνǳڴΪ⼸սҶĻʶʵĲ㡣
Ȼ˵ʱҶĻ֮ѾҵˣҶĻ㣬ھͬǿߵս֮ҶĻʶԼʵǳ㡣
ս弼ǹ֧ҩЩȻҪܹһʵǿʵǸҶĻʮ֪Լĸ̫ͺǿߵսһ㣬ҶĻǵУʣٶȶҪѷɫλǿһأǻͻĹҲ޷ԽЩ࣬ΪϵĲࡣ
ϾÿԼ弫޿һЩôУٶȣȵȶһأҶĻ˿ҲֻĽ۷ѣ׶㲻ϣҶĻһǿ̫Ķֱ޲ˡ
ֻĽ׵ˮ׼ڹľİһҵʱܹףҺͲͬˣԴ˴Ͽ֮ҲҪҺҵ׵ĳ̶ȣڹľİٶȳ嵽۷塣
˵ͷҶĻΪԼ˴εϿ֮жĿꡣ
ʱҲˣ
ҶĻ¶װи˹ѻǹľϻӱˡ

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վڲش֮⣬ҶĻԼǰǿһ˵ĳزЩ֣ҶĻشĵӦͬǵɢӪһǽǰļеأÿﶼӦþۼźܶ˲ŶԣϿӦþۼˡ
΢һҶĻͨˡ
ﲢǣҲɢӪĵֻǸѺߵѺ𣬲ûṩκƽ̨Խڳ֮ǰûбҪۼͺ뿪Ƶ֮ǰƵ֮еЩһǶھƵ굱еȣʱһȻ
ҡҡͷҶĻֱӽ˵Ĵ֮С
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ʱϰ絽΢΢һЦҶĻߵףأû
ʼף³һʱ仹磬ƶ˯ֻҪ6֮ǰͿˡ
ף㲻˵ˣֻǾҶĻҲûٿڡ
ÿθһҪѵ㲻֪˯߲ӰŮ˵Ƥ𣿡ʱһʮ欵ҶĻĶС
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Ůһͷ˳ƫԲϸǹ⻬ޱȺƶһ㣬ʮңǸ׼ˣϻһ˿ŮԸո𴲵֮ɫˣž͸ˡ
Ƕ̴ĵսֻһСȿ㣬һװ̱㽫˵¶ɣʵظһ۱ܹ룬ܹޱ˵Ĺ֣ټϰ۵ĴȣһʹҶĻЩ̧ͷ¶̬ҶĻŻ˷ܡ
أ̧ͷף˿ŮӵӰֱʵ
ءŤŤԼǱ©ڿеİŮָָԼ
ףϵܣ
ˬĴЦһθߴʮҵĹͷ󺺴˽
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ҽҶĻ˹֣ҶĻҲԼ֡
˵ˣҲʶˣھͳɡʱһֱһû˵ףͻȻվ˵
˵ףСܣ㼱ʲôϿǱҪ12ҲܿڹȥǺ簡ŪԼǾĳ̷ף˸ۡ
Ըȥûп̷һۣףֱӴ߳˴
˿ף̬Ѿ˵һУӣԴҶҪģھߡ
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߰ɣףϵܵԸֲǲ֪׼ûΪˬĲ̷ļȥ

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ԭˡҶĻ˵ͷ˵ĻֻϿеһСְɡ
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һСʱ֮˵ĿĵأҶĻȻûпϿĿ
ɫһƬɫʲô˿ҶĻҲ֪Լ׾ϿڻжԶΪĿӷΧֻһңһ׿ȫһƬɫ˵Ͽˡ
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ЩƸ޷סףһ㣬ˣףᳵ·һʯ档
˿˴Ѿվٶ׵ĸ߶ȣʱҶĻҲǿϿĿ
ҲϿվڸߴҶĻָ·Ͽк˳
һҶĻԿԶһһͷİ̾ʵһ޷٣⣬ʢҺϿ
ʵʻϿеȻѾʵʻˡ˿ڿˮǰľҶĻʵǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
þȣϿųƾ˶λԾǨǿҲ޷֮߳أȻָ֮·İף˵ǲõЩʱһЩȫɢʱͲ˿Ӱ쵽ѰҺ
Ͽ쳣صĵط˵ĻĻЩ壬ӵԼ˼ˣ·ʵһİҶĻ


90 
壿ɣֱѾˣЩĳҲ˵ҶĻĲףδ񶨣Ͼ絽δ֪κһִ󵨵Ĳ붼пܻΪʵ˭Ҳ˵׼
˵С磬ͱˣǲ壬ֻҪҺͿˡŪԼĳ̷ҶĻ˵
ҲǣҺҪġ˵ҶĻ˵ͷ
ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲҶĻĶС
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һɵĽСӣսߣƽڶʮ߰ҡ
ףϵܣԭѾһˡͷһҶĻ˱㳯ףʺһɡ
һĸߵؾֻô࣬ɣûϵƲһף㲻˵ˡ
ڷ˵֮ʱףȴԵúǱ䣬ȻףǱλȴû򣬶Ǳ˱ȭ
ףʵȻ䲻һĻҶĻ۵ף׵ĽߣҲ׵Ľߣȴף˿˵֮ʱЩѯʵζ棬ɼףʵȻǿ󣬲ȻĻʵϵһ׽ôܻ˿
ҲãԽǿԽãȻĻǾҵҺҲᱻȥ
ҶĻ˺һСӱһֱվصȴš
̱Ƚ磬˿̲7һЩˣϿʱ12ңԴʱﲢûжˡ
һСʱСʱʱҶĻΧ𽥶10һЩʱҶĻѾܹΧĸߵ֮ѾȺˣҶĻ߷Χ֮ٱǧˣЩ˶ǰѰҺĽߡ
ΨһطǿŵģھϿڴʮʯûκ˴ڣһҲϿڸߵĵط
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Ͽĵطֻа˽ϵĽ߿פ㣬Ǳ򡭡ף˵ͷ˵ʵԽǿܹվøߣѪ͵ɡ
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˳֮ķȥҶĻԶһλ̬֮߼ٷλߵץһһһŮӡߵλŽߡ
λŽֱӷɵƬߵ֮Ϸһʵֻ׵ĽߵƬߵһǿȴûκ壬ʵǿЧ

𽥵ģϿʱԽԽߴǿҲ𽥶
һλλλȵ11֮ʱߵѾվʮλ˽֮ϵǿߣлжʮλʵ׵ĽߣЩ׵Ľ߶ǱЩ߽׽ߴȥĴӵܣĽС
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ȻҲˡնıӰҶĻͫײһҲԣϿеҺȻľ书ЧҲǳ죬˽ǿܹõ㹻ҺܹŽףҲӦġ
ܺ棬ʵԶԶλ˽ǿߵĶ֣ǱҵĴڿɾͲˣϿ֮ޱȣҽʱһϿеɢȥڶǿȫ֮˵עἯҺ棬ͲȥģֻҪҵʱעһЩնҪҲס

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Ӧ˵ֻһֱӿʮ֮ϿǹɼʵʵĺһϿ֮ƿ
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ͬҶĻǰȺ֮ʱһȺܵȴҪʮ
ޣҲһֻޡ·ҶĻɴ˫ۣЩ޶ǴϿгģЩҲֻϿ޵һ룬ֲЩϿе˶λԾǨǿ߻ʧ档
ʵʵ޵Χֻǿ߲ܹϿеδɢȥ֮ʱɡ
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ˣȻֵ֮ʤϿҲֻ֮һûбҪƽôࡣ


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ԼĪСʱ֮еľʧˣ˿֮һƬҶĻҲܹ·Ŀ
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ȻʱҶĻȴȥۿԼ·ķ羰ҶĻĿͬнһضǰǿٶ׵Ͽڴ·ʧ֮ϿеҲȻʧˣ˿̵Ͽûж
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סһȥ֮ҵָӣҪһжӵпԿ弫޵ҺҲӵ޴ڵǿޣһף֮ת˾ʯͬϿǱ߱˹ȥ
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ͣͿˡԼĪ֮ף˻ͣˣ˿ҶĻ˸ףСϿﲢûĽߡ
ڿʼͷѰҺס뿪ҵ߷ΧҷֵҺȫҪϸ۲ףԸʯͷ棬أϣκεطпܻҺϸһҡ
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ݣȻʲôûУǲҴطˣҶĻüͷԻȳ֮˰СʱȻûз˿Һ
ԡҡҡͷҶĻ

ʱףҶĻĶˣԼ˶߳ҵ߷Χ֮ڣҶĻһתܹףӰֻ׿ĵطףһô³ҶĻ֡
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ףΪһǹսȻתǹתǹȴͬҶĻģҶĻתǹȴɢǹһͨɫиӻƵɢǹ
ǹָλ׽ߣףû¶˿µɫֻһĮף̷Ҳó˸Եı
̷õһѳ͵ͱȽټˣһȭףһԺϽ˼̵ȭס
ϾҺֱκһ֮󶼲Ը

λ׽ŭһͬγԼĴ󵶣λǿһ㳯Һף˹ȥͬʱһǿҲλǿߵɢ˳
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92 
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ֻһԭλǿǿʯ̼㱻ףһǹ˷档
תɢǹսеߣȻ˵תɢǹԻǹƵʷ涼ǷȱĽսȴתǹǿģףеתɢǹķ䷽ʽҲͬҶĻתǹ
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˼תλǿߵٴڿкһرܹףĺûκԥתԾһԵʯʧ˵߷Χ֮ڡ
ˡǿ뿪ˣףҲԼתǹ벻ǽϿ֮ĵһ˱弼ǿߣΣհ
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˿ҶĻȴڿλǿȥĵطף磬λǿ߲ٻɡ
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˵ףٴóǸװҺСƿӣҶĻҲûпıҵóһСƿҶĻ˹ȥ
ףķ伫ΪƽĸСƿӣÿķ֮һû˿ƫ
˵ⶫȥ֮ٶȿ弫ޣһûκθãһԡƿӵɫҺҶĻһſֱӽȥ
ҶĻף̷ͣҲҺȥǹϾҺⶫһȥԼްٶȿ弫ޣ˿ĸãʲôʱȶһϿкȥĻŻĹЧ
ģ
һȹеҺ֮ҶĻϸϸƷζҺζȻģˮһ㡣
Щ̫ˣ𲻵áе֮ͲüͷҺһȥܹ弫ޣôҺ𲻵ãҪ׵ļ޻Զ
ΪҺǹľһССĹľܹȫյĻԽ忪˽Ž׵ĳ̶ȣҺҪùҪ¼ʮײſԡ
ͬһЩҺףͲ̷Ҳû𵽶ãףԴȴ⡣
ɣǻʱ䣬ӦŪҺġ
ţô¡
ͻȻףСƿװ׼ʱһɵȴע˹ȥף̷Ҳɵ˹ȥ
ҶĻɵǴҶĻɢġ
ǺǣԲסˣλס֣ҶĻ΢΢һЦ˵֮ǰѾ弫޿Ľ۷ĳ̶ȣҺǡóѹյһݣͻˡ

˿ҶĻĻ֮˶סˣνǱˮнû̫õҺȻҶĻͻƵ׵ĳ̶ȡ
߰ɣˣͻǺ£ҶĻʵԽǿǶԾԽҵҺ֮סļҲԽ󡣡ף˹ҡҡͷףͺͲ̷߰ɣϾͻߵǻط
˱ףһγϿʼǰ
ףҲǿˣһӵ׵ĵУټҵڶ粽ЩʵΪһЩǿ߹Ҳһƴ֮ԼȭͷҶĻ¶һ˿ŵ΢Цڵʵλ˾֮ǿ߾ܹնɱϾҵȫǿߵľ֮
ǸЩ
ͻȻҶĻԺгִص
ӦûǸĶְɣܹƪٷ֮ʮĳ̶ȣʱҵĹٶȻٴһأƲܹͬǸӲƴʤ
ˣɶʱ˵ɡ


93 ¶Ѩ
ӰҡԼԺ֮ҶĻףһ·ֱС
ʮ֮˸ףٴδԽ˼СϿһΪƫƧĵط
ɣǵڶϿϴʱֵĵطһҵҺżϿĵһ죬һʱỹ˵ףͷ˵Ϲأɢ̫
˵ףȱ˳Ŷߵķɨ
̷ϱߣ͸ߣҶĻ𱱱ߡ
ѰҺֶμһޣһ·ɨÿ˶žߵͷϵطţκп϶ĵطǼ˶Ź
ڣڴСʱ֮һʯҵһЩҺ
һ˹ϷҺʱȴûгκ⣬ߣ޶ûг֣˳ķЩҺ
ȻˮнһҶĻ˵飬ôһҺǱˮн
ҺһȥҶĻܵǹ弫ޱĸоˬޱȣͬźȥʱĸоһģһˬĸоȴֻ˲ӵʱʧˣҶĻһơ
ҺҲ൱ҲùľʮҵЧҲǲˣϣ˴Ͽܹ֮ҵ㹻Һҵ弫޿۷ˮƽ
ˣҡСƿս֮Щδףٴηˡ
̤̤̤̤
ʱһҵĽŲȴ˵ĶС
ֻһСһз쵱˳
ߡǸСӸһףüͷ˵תҪ뿪
ҶĻȻЩεȴǸף
ΪǸСӵͷһױսߡ
ϿеҺֲûκεĹɣÿһطп֣ܳҪѰҺҪ㹻ĵطΪԽϿĽ֮侭ΪѰҺĵ̶֡
˿СӵĵпܻȻףΪһҺ͸ǹָ׽߿ɼ䵨ɫҲ֮λ׽˵ʵûбҪ£Сȴͬ
һĽСӣҴӵĻһױսߣǶֵĻǾûκʤ㣬ףóطҲ֮Уһֻʵ
ֻʣһСˣ֣λ׽˿ûȥףСӵĳԱˡ

죬ʱҶĻû뿪ϿһԣסϿУΪѰҺ
ҶĻѰҺ;ȴô˳ϾϿٴҲֻôЩϿѹҺĽȴнһҶĻߵﶼߣҶĻλսҵҺһطҡ
ȻҶĻΪҺҲûٶ֣ͽ߶֣ǰϮ޶֣ССһս˶ʮΣҺҶĻĶֶ̫ǿҲһͷ߽׵ްˡ
ҶĻ˵ջȻҲ㲻϶ãҶĻÿҲͷƿҺѣ𵽵òûжôԣÿ˾۷嶼һβ̵·
ȥ˴Ͽ֮иûѹε̫ҺֻжΰˡڵϢͲ̾˿
Һõ㣬ڵʻֻ׳Ρʼڴ˴εϿ֮еջҶĻҲ̫⣬ǸûջҺϾʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ˶ڴ˴εջ񶼲̫һʱ䰲û˵ˡ
и顣
ͻȻһֱû˵ף̧ͷ
ʲô鰡ŤŤԼˮĲ̷˵
ȥ¶Ѩ˵ף˫ۡ
¶ѨҶĻ˶ɵý˳
˵ףϵܣ㲻İɡ˿ڿˮЩ˵¶Ѩʵ̫Σˡ
ǺǣҵȻģ뷨ҴӽϿ֮ʱˡף̧ͷ˵ϿеҺֲû˿ĹǲһǿԿ϶ģԽٵĵطҵҺļҲԽΪ¶ѨΣ٣ȥ֮ҵҺļȻҪöࡣ
ȥ¶ѨҲԭģ¶ѨеܶҪö࣬ҿռСսиȥ¶ѨѰҺҪôǾۼʮߵСӣҪôǸ߽׽ߣֻǵһ͵ڶѣǵ졣
ͬһսϿϵԼ࣬ǱնɱģȻ¶ѨҲӦһҲ˵ĵ¶ѨǰҪȫö࣬ڵ¶ѨĵιڸӺȥ˽٣ԼǾ¶ѨҲԻвҺЩ˷һ飬ѾʣҺˡ
뻢ѨɵûӣôҶҲȥ˵ףɨһۡ
˿˶˳˼УҶĻλһ򵨴ҲûһӦ
¶Ѩ֮ǰ¶Ѩͬڵ棬ܶҪԶԶΣճ̶ȷǳߣһСľпܻ棬ҲһϿе޷ֲûκεĹɣǵ¶ѨҲһֻҪ̫ڵ¶ѨӦòЩǿޡ
ҼǿӦҲԻĵǿߵĳ̶ȣټҵ߽޵Ҳʲô£ʱһΣҾӣҪ
оҶĻ˾
ȥҶĻһӦˡ
ǺǣȻҶϵܶҪث֣ҲȥˡǺһЦҲӦˡ
ߡһ̷һۣ˼ѾˣҲȥ
ãȻҶͬôһɡ˶Ӧף¶һ˿΢Ц

Сʱ֮˵Ѿ඼ָˣʰ˸ףŵ¶Ѩڴ˹ȥ
Ͽĵ¶ѨϿСһ󣬶ҽ¶ѨҲкֻܶ࣬һ˿ףҶĻ˱ǳžĵ¶Ѩڶȥ
ԼĪҵʱ˱˵¶Ѩڣֻһ׵ѷ졣
Ͽе¶ѨһжʮദÿһڶֿԼҵѷ죬߰ɡ
˵ףȱȥҶĻҲȥ
ҶĻ˴ʱоͨ˿˶ȻΪѰϾѷȫ⻬ޱȣûжץסȹΣǵİ취
顣
һ˴Լʮ׵ֻ֮ҶĻͻȻֻ˲ʯ֮У֮ҶĻҲͣҶĻɿʯٴȥÿ½ʮҶĻὫԼұ۲ʯڵԼ٣һֱ½ٶ׵֮ҶĻ˫ǽӴ˵档


94 ں
飬顣
ڴ˿Ѿ˵ٶ׵λã֮һʱ俪ʼ˵Ķ߻ص
ǵ¶Ѩˡ
վڵϣҶĻǰصܶһĵ¶Ѩ¶˳Ծɫ
ҲǵһСһЩ޷ǳࡣ˵ͷףԼתɢǹұ˲ӡ
𣬺˻
ͻȻףոʱһҵ˻㴫˵ĶС
óԼСЩ֣¶֮ɫףǰƶš
óԵıҶĻ˸ףʼǰС
ಡ
һϸӰǰףֱ˹ȥ
׵ĽѪߡһۿȥҶĻ㽫ϸӰ˸ͨ͸
һͨɫнߣ峤ֻһҵ׽Ѫߡ
䡣
ûҶĻǹһڵĺֻǰףֱ̧һǹ㽫Ѫߺˡ
ǰҪЩûϮǱ㲻ҪȥᣬҪĿҺѾĩĽѪߵʬһԣףǰȥ
ѪߵʬҲϲǮûпռ䴢豸ҪʰȡʬĻǴΪΪǵ¶Ѩ޷ǳ֮࣬ѪʬĻףϱȻɢѪζҪ˶ʱޡ
ಡ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ףոսѪߵʬӳȥ֮ʱһӰ˵һѪߵʬˡ
¶Ѩ鴫ǲ˲ӵʱֻޣҺ޶׵ġҶĻü˵
ǵ죬¶Ѩеĸ߼ӦѾЩһĸ߽׽նɱ˴룬ֻҪ̫ӦЩ߽ޣЩµޣûбҪ¡ףҡͷ˵

¶Ѩеĵμ临ӣһСıп·һ··˲ٱ·ǰ֮ʱ˲µıǣףҶĻȴû˳˵ıǰУϾбǵĳҲʹѾн߹˹ˣףҶĻרûн߱ǵĵطߡ
һֱ˴Լʮӵʱ䡣
ҵˡ
ͻȻףΪϲĺ˳ֻһԵһʯһ̲ɫҺ
ٶȿ㣬ﲻȵϣʱпܻϮǡóСƿ֮ףٶȽЩҺװҶĻˡ
ࡣ
һ죬ҶĻֱӽ䵽СƿҺȥ
弫ޱˬٴγ֣һ룬룬룬ҶĻ弫ޱʱһӵʱ䷽ֹͣҶĻҲܹܵõԼ弫ޱ˲١
ˬ벻Ǹյ¶ѨҵҺҷ٣ȥĻһҵʺпܻﵽ׸߶εˮ׼СƿӷڱͲˬ˵
ĻС㣬Сޡףһ䣬Ҽһңߵ·ϲûнµıǣҲ˵·пֻЩ˽֮ϵǿ߹ϾЩǿߵʵҪĻ·Ǵһ·ȥǵǿ߻϶ǶߣҺʱӦûв©ģϸҡ
ոս¶ѨСʱʱҵҺʹ˶˷ϾѾǵˣĻǺпܴ춼ҲҺѰҺٶҲɵüӿࡣ
֪ҶĻ˵ûûСʱ֮ǾȻҵһЩҺ
䡣
ͻȻ˸ոսЩҺ֮ʱһı˵ĶС
ǰи߽׽սȱ𶯡ɫһף˵
߽׽ߣȻΪҺŵǹɱֻи߽׽ս֮ʱܹŪó˶ûлףĻ
ȿ
üͷҶĻóԼĸ߱Զűķ˹ȥͬʱ༸ҲͬҶĻһó˸߱ԶϾ߽׽֮սκ˶ԶǷǳľ飬ۿĻȻܹѧ١
·ڵﲻ̫࣬ټ˾߽׽սĵطҲ̫ԶԶĿսĵط
ն㵽ʲô˼еĻոҶĻĶбһ仰
Ȼնһ裬ҶĻ̱㽫Զ׼ǸӰ
Σڶ԰׵ףɫĳټһ˫Ѫɫ˫ն֮Ƶն
˿ն滹һˣһҰɫĿսѳصĴ󴸣ǷȻһλӲԵĲԶһ̲Һһ̲ܹװ϶ʮƿҺ˵ΪЩҺìܡ
ûʲô˼ֻ뿪ˡ԰׵¶һ˿ЦնЩ˵
㡭˫λ߽׽ߵ˵ķŭ㾹ȻҹˣһǰѾͻƵ˾ŽףΪ˾Ž׼޽ߣȻӵĻڶʳҿǲˡ
Ѿų˺ݻλ߽׽ȴȻûж֣ڼɵʲô
ǺǡԾǼЦݣնȫûнλŽ׽߷һ㣬ŽǾŽףǼޣƾҲԳƼ޽ߡ
ļ޽ҾƲȥǵĶϼľ㣬
˵һɼŰɱն˳
ɶ񡭡κһ˱趼̵ס˵λŽǿˣΪںϱ޵ˣұ֪˽׺;Ž֮Ĳࡣ
ȡ
һһɺƾʯĥһĳ֮λŽǿߵϱλŽǿ޴㳯ն˹ȥ
ںϣնȻںϣںϵĲλȻ˿ҶĻעȴûмλǿߵսϣǲͣɨնϡ
ָ첲˫ţȲȫ˵ӣѵǡ
˫ۣӾȻԼ˫ںϣǸӡնǲͣɢζѪɫ˫ҶĻŴ졣
νںʵܼ򵥣޵岿λӵߵϣںϡ
߽ϵһЩҪλӵзǳǿԶŽ׽ߵԶŽ׽ߵٶȣԶŽ׽ߵıȵȵȵȣһЩӵ޵Ĳλӵߵôܹ߱ӵֻ߼޵ǿҲΪںϵĽߵʵҪԶͨĽߣ˵ӵ˲ѷڻͻߵ


95 ̮
ںǿߵսҶĻҲʶһΡ
ǵľУţһλںϵľŽ׽ߡ
ǴӢ걩ʱȳһֻŽ׵ĽħԳħԳ쳣ǿޣΪŽǿߵԴȫһҲֻܹ΢΢ƿƤȻȴûһȭ㽫ֻŽ׵ĽħԳҷʮ׵ľ룬ɼŵжǿѾ˾Ž׽ߵļޡ
һֻΪŵұۣұǾŽ޵צӽȥģʹӵԶŽ׽ߵ
ںȴȱݡ
һɹʣͳƽҪںϵĻԼ弫޿ԽԽãɹҲԽȻǾŽǿҪںɹҲֻҰˣϾͬĻ֮ǲݵģһںʧô߱ᵱ
Ȼɵĳɹָ֫ںϣն۾λںϾ͸Σˣ֪صĲλԽĿƼҲ޷λھ۾ںΣնȿ֪ɹʴֻһɶһЩûн߸۾ںϡ
ںϵĵڶȱݾͱȽˣΪһںϽ߱ʧȥ˳λԾǨʸҲ˵λһӵճɾҲֻǾŽ׵ļޣҲΪޱҪûн߻ȥѡںϣֻЩս֮ʱȱĽ߲Żˡ
ΪԵ̰岿λֲȱľŽ׽ʵ󽵣ʵһôλȻҲпܻᱻնɱΪ˱סԼĵλΪ˱סԼֲȱľŽ׽߶ѡȥںϡ

˿նͬŽǿչҵսһǱߴ
λŽǿʹõѾ޴Ѵʵľ޴֮ʱԭͺܺƴټʯĥһ֮λŽǿߵÿһƾǿԿһ㽫ҶĻɱ
ȻλŽǿߵնȴԵ࣬Ӧ˵նȫռϷ硣
ֻǰ˽׽߶ѣţĵҪλŽǿߵһףնȴܹԤλŽǿߵĽֶһ㣬ÿλŽǿ߼֮ʱܹ㿪ԷĹеǰɫҲǳصģܹԤжԷε̶ֻһӵʱնλŽǿߵϸ˺ۡ
ù죬Ȼͬҵһ
նϵҶĻȻ֪նţնıȴͬҶĻһ޶ֱͺҲӵҶĻһ㡣
۾һ˫۵ڽں֮ǰѡϷǳǿĲλںϡüͷҶĻʼ˼֪ˣǾβè۾ҺпܻǾŽ׾βè˫ۡ
˫۵ľβèһģһҾβè޵Ѫͳʮָ߼Ĵڣı˫ۣһ˫ԶԷһе˫ۣ˫۾˵ķ棬ӷΧ֮ȫᱻ۾⣬ȻҲƾ˫ԤжԷĽ

ɶ񡭡һŭλŽǿһն
˵Ȼֻǰ˽ǿߣ˫۾ʵǹˣȻǾβè˫ۣҲֻоβè˫۲ܹЧԤҵһжͬսǱѹŴȫ޷ɶ񣬲ȥˣȻ˵һкûʹãһʹõĻҲܣǸܾ˵ľ棬ҲգЩҺҪˡ
˼תλŽǿ߿նǼЦݲɵ˺ġ
նţ˳ҶȻᱨ
һλŽǿ߷ߺ޵Ŀնһۣ첽뿪
Ǻǣ׳գƾոտŽ׵ʵһ㣿´μڡλŽǿߵıӰն˵˫۾ǺðҲһôǮ
նԱóһˮұ㿪ʼװһԵҺ
ȻնװҺ׼ȥʱȴͣĿ׼ҶĻߡ
һȺСһǺǣþͲɱˡ˵նſҪҺȥʱȴһͣ
ԡնüͷȻС˵
˵նһν˫۶׼ҶĻߣβè˫ۿ߷ΧڵһУ߾ȵɨһ㣬նĿҶĻ˵ס
նҶĻ֮ȴ¶һ˿̵΢ЦŷǹɼŰɱ֮նɢ˳
ܡɫһնϵǹɱ˲ҶĻ֪Լ¶ˡһг𣬿ܡ
ҶĻ˵Ⱦܣ˿ûȥǳԾɫ
ݣȻһӣϽܡͷҶĻʹȫҪ
ǺǺǡ̵΢Цնֻն֪ʱȻԽ׵ľ뵲ҶĻǰҶĻðӦǵһμɡ
˵նԼǰɫĳͬʱһɰɱҲɢ˳ҶĻѹ˹ȥ
ɶ񡭡üͷնס֮ҶĻ̺˿תǹ׼ն
ǹɰɱҶĻĺʼü
ýţҽܺãɱˡĿҶĻһۣնʮɵ˵
ϷɡһЦնӶеĳϷ
䡣
һ죬նֱһնһԵľ޴ʯ
ãһﾹȻһ裬ҶĻ˲жϳ˶ԷҪʲôҶĻ˵еתǹ㳯նһ䣬նٶʵ̫ˣҶĻ׼ǹ˲նαѾʧ
䡣
һתۼն׿һʯǰһնǸʯ
䡣
𣬽ӵĹնӽն˰˸ʯ
ףĶԱиõĵ֮á
һ仰նӳһ
̮ն˿̵ͼΪԣҪҶĻ˻ڴˣҶĻһˣףҲûдҪŹ
䣬䣬䡣
ʯ׹նһ˶֮ϣֻʯ֮󶥲ϵľʯϵ׹ҶĻ˿նӰȴʧˡ
ܣȻᱻġһҶĻٴԼļٶȿ
նţ㹻ǿʵȻҪնɱ
ͷһΣҶĻܵԼСһСԼȻ˵һͷ
ҶĻܣףҲܣǲǰ˽ǿߣǵٶԶԶն޷ӳʯ̮ĵش
䣬䣬䡣
ʮֹ̮֮ͣˣ˿ҶĻԭڵһƬΧȫѾʯ䣬û˿Ӱ


96 ʬ
ȿȿȣݣ군ˣǷڵλǵٶ׵ĵطһ̮޾ľʯֱ̮ĵشƽΪֹþˡϵĻҳҶĻʮҵ˵Һþʯʯҿˡ
˵ҶĻĿ׼ԼͷǸ׶ʯʯһȻĻҶĻΪǿҲ޷Ͼڵλÿǵٶס
ǵʵԸûڵٶ׵̮д̮֮ʱµľʯҳһ󶴵ĻǾҪꡭҡҡͷڷŵľףҲЩ¡
ҶĻôλںϵİ˽ǿߵģʵûǸͰɡ˵ףüͷ
ף˵仰ʱ༸Ҳ׷׽Ŀ⼯ҶĻϣû֮Ľߵ˰˽ǿ߻ܻȷʵϡ档
ôģ˵ҶĻҡҡͷһһͷҪɱȫҵķǾ֪ˡ
˿ҶĻἰնҶĻȽնԺ󣬵ӵ㹻ʵ˵Ȼô̸նҲֻǿ̸ûɲҶĻԸ
Ȳ̸ڵѾһˣǸ֮ǰȥĻҪ
ҶĻһ˵Ҳ׷״Ǵ˿λãȥҪ񣬱ϾϿ֮Уҽǵ죬ʱһЩһصϿ֮ôǱᱻڴ˵ء
֪˶λԾǨĳǿҲ޷ӳϿ߳ȥ˵ˡ
ȿȷﻹǵ¶Ѩô߳ȥףʯڲüͷ
ȷʵ¶Ѩ㼫临ӣһСľпܻ·ȴͬ·һ޶Ͳ֪ԼںδҪ߳ȥĻѡһԵҲЩ˵
ڳȥҲʵ̽һ̽·ɣߡ
γԼתǹҶĻǰʼȥ
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ȻһʹּߵҲĵķǳ֮죬˵ȼļҲΪ
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תŵ갷ǵȾŽǿʹõļһʹ˲ܹʹʵתսֵЧʵԺǾҪʹõĺãڻֻ׽ߣʹ֮11˲֮һҵҪֲڵϣҶĻԼʣµ̾
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98 ӳ
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ռ䴢豸ǰ붼밡ϵĽָҶĻŵ˿ڿˮ˿ҶĻͺЩһ󽱲ҽЩǮеͨһʮֵļ
ռ䴢豸ÿ޻ͬʮ޵ĹͷƳɵģҪռ䴢ָҪУΪǾ߱ͨԵģͺõпԸ֪ĵһһԡ
˽ɫҶĻʼԼĵи֪öռ䴢ָ
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ȻҶĻԼʶƽһ統Уǳڰûһ˿⣬ҶĻȴܹʮ˽һС
ǽָеĿռ𣿡ʶչҶĻ̽ռԼ50ҡ
50ףȵöָҪ󣬿ռ䴢豸ƷڲĴС30׵Ĵ豸6ңöָļ۸Ҳ10ңˣķˣĶ
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ĺ弼治ǺԱġ
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ҶĻʵûбĽʹñֶġ

·ôȥأüͷҶĻʼˣѵҪҵĵطȥɣ
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еĴ󵶲ͣ裬𽥵ģͨ

ݣڳˣ
10࣬¶ѨеϵһʯͷֻһԼһͨС˵ϣһӰСд˳ҶĻ
ĸСʱھҶĻڴڳˡ
Ͻ뿪Ȼ˵12ЩŻȴкüЩ11ˣҪ졣
˿ҶĻڵλ̮һԣ֮ʱ·ҶĻֻҪ˳ŽʱıǱҵ¶Ѩĳڡ


99 ɱ
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11һϿеʱпܻع飬ҲѹϿûһˡ
ϿĴϣʱҶĻܹż޺֮һӰ10룬Խ߶Ѿ뿪Ҫ

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ɶǵţնҪɱȫҡ
һ˺ʹնֱӴ˿

ȻնƤһѪɫĹʹǱܱնٴעһ֧˷ܼһٶͻȻﵽǰ1.5ңնٶʧҶĻ߷Χ֮Уֻŭϻص
ߣȻʹƴõĶʶࡣնıӰ첻м˵
˴ηҲǳɹˣ߽ǿ߱㼫նɱƴĽߣҲûд˵ܹ쵰ϵټʹһ֮ĺ֢һ֮ûа취ٶȳˡ޴Զڴ˴εķǳ⡣
ǶǱߵλ̨
лˡ
˵ź챧ȭҶĻڵķл˿ҶĻѾʹ˲Ϣ˲ܸоõҶĻĴڡ
ಣಡ
ԶͺλŽǿҲ뿪


100 
һ˲佫תŵһͬʹù쳣ķ
λŽǿˣſʯϵҶĻҲһתҶĻƽʯϿʼ˴
ոΪ˾ɱնҶĻͣնһһʹתŵǱܱļ˿ҶĻѾ˲֮һˡ
䣬䣬䡣
ͻȻҶĻƽʯϢʱһĶС
ǿսʱǴʱġ
11һȻعˡͷȥͬҶĻԤϵһ㣬ֻϿȵĵһγɵĺϿпӿȥǹɴ𶯵ǴЩдġ
˿عϿЩ뿪ϿĴҲȻŻعˡ
ҺˣϰСʱĻҹ桭·ҶĻЩҵ˵
һϿҲûĽ۷ͻƵףһ׳Σˣһõһöռ䴢ָһXD3ӪҺһżƷ弼ͽָеѴʱЩȥƱһۡ
˴Ͽ֮ҺⶫҲǴҪģйľԶҺҵ츳ϹľͼƷ巨Ҵﵽ۷ֻҪͨ׽ʮ֮һʱ䣬һŸոյõѪź弼ɲܹ߽ߵǿȣź弼ͬʱԼӿ弫޵ĿҹֻҪ̶ٵʱܹ۷ĳ̶ȡ
˵εϿ֮пνջķᡣ
΢΢һЦҶĻԼջν൱⡣
Сʱ֮ĺʧˣҲѾȫӿϿ֮УϿٴα徲ͬʱǰҶĻɼʵʵɵİɫҲٴγҶĻǰǰҲʵˡ
ҹҶĻҲܹʮĿԶİ
زشɣѾûʲôˡվʯϣҶĻԶĳ΢΢һЦ
ಡ
˸֮ҶĻ˸ʵʯŲشĳǱһ·񱼶ȥ

ҹ12㣬ҶĻص˲شĳеУ˿ȻѾǰҹشĳпνǵƻͨһҶĻܹõഫĽߴЦ뻮ȭ
ϿرգʱصееĽ߻϶ǻջĽߣջСǶںȾףš
ҶĻûȥһУһ·߽˾ƵԼķ֮С
شʱˮ裬ڻˮ裬
ԡ֮ҶĻ˸
⼸ҶĻһֱϿѰҺսҲδжϹϢҲֻС˯һᣬµѰҺʱ䣬ټϽҶĻΪ˴ͨȥ·˴Ķ֮󻹺ķ˲ɱն
ԴʱҶĻָ˵ȴ쳣ƣ
泩˯̶ܹϻ˵ľƣ˿̽ˮеҶĻоǰδе泩ԭҲɳ
ţشˣʱǲȥˡԡ֮ҶĻʼԼг̡
ʵҪĶʵߵﶼһǱǺ±˻ɱΪ˻Ϊҵʵ񼴱ǵ˶ǣһС˲ǵ˹ҲܣزĹƺ׵ˣ㹻ʵͲһˡ
ҲǱʲˣʱʹⲻشԼʵúһҪ۷壬һҪѪɣȻٽƪٷ֮ʮʱҼû֮ҲƥǿߣʵߵĸǶܹԵÿϾ׿ʼǸ߽׽ˡ
һҹ֮ҶĻϴ˯ˡ

ڶ죬شеһҵ̣һò˽ȥ
ϰ壬ղնȥֱ֮ӿżɽʵ
գȻգʲôеϰӵװ֣ߵбвΪڵݵĴڣÿһϰӵװû˿֡
顣
ӱ㽫Լĺӷλϰǰϣֻһص𣬺ȻҪĶء
ǡüͷһλϰֽľӴ򿪣תۼλϰϱ˳Ծ֮ɫ
ž
ϽľӺϣλϰһĽǰӣҪԷһƵء
ˣŽ޶Ƴɵĳ۰ɡûɢκƽ˵
˻λϰüͷ
ʵıҲǷֵεģͼ߽޵ĹͷƳɵģͺебХµǰѹһѹоͲͬˣѹþŽ޶ƳɵģǹЧӲȣսҪԶǰѹУ۸ȻҲҪϼ
ȻǺУּƷмںеҲΪټϰһʱ֮Щò⡣
Ұ۰ɡ˵2ڣΡ
2ڣΪ𣿡
ӵĻһλϰɫ̾ͱˡ
ǣҸ2һƷʵĹԡдһ˿ЦӲм˵ѹǵ֮Ҳֵ2.5ڣһõ֮̾׬5000࣬һӶ١
⡭
˿ϰҲЩԥˣ˵ĲѹǵᵱҲ2.5ڣǳһĻ3ڣϰĶˡ
ðɣ2ھ2ڣתˡһҧϰѹС
ˬ졣
֮תӱ뿪
ϰ壬˵˵жҪҪ˿̣һɫսĴԺ˳
Ϊǰ׳𣿷ڽ֮ʱһֱ֮̽˵ĵϸƾ׵ʵȻ޷ϸ֪κζϢûУɼҲǰ˽ǿߣȻĻô޷ϸ֪κζҡҡͷλϰ˵ǿ߾ȥɡ

λϰҲǰ˽׵ǿڳ֮һУһսǴͣ˿Ҳڵݵ֣ҶĻ
û׷ڹսǴҶĻһգвĻҾҪ¶ڣ֮ǿߣһֱ֮̽ҵĵϸûвĻҵʵйһ۱ܿʱ
ǺãŽǿһûʶƲˡ


101 Ѫ
ȥ
½ŵ飬ҶĻһ߳˹սǡ
˿ҶĻǲƴ֣ںǮˣΪҶĻϵöռ䴢ָеĶȻ˵ĶһXD3ӪҺ֮϶ҶĻûãûûǿóȥġ
ֵǮıǹˣһ7ѹС
һѳոձҶĻ˳ȥһذףһı󵶣ЩһȫȥһۣȻĻҶĻҲݳ޵ڲشѳȥ
֪ѳǵеĻܹ2.53ڵļ۸񣬲ҶĻлǱ׼ı
үǮүôôһ仰ҶĻĵʵдա

شһĺôܺ򣬾ͺñҶĻʱҪȥľŽѪһ㡣
߽֮ϵĲϾҪȥй򣬶ŽϵĲϼҲûһҪȵᣬϾĲУϾ֮޲ϵѾ¢ˣΪЩоҲͲˡ
ڲشɲһû¢ϣô̼ÿһҶи߽޵ĲһֻǮߣֻ߽޲ϵļ۸֮ҪһЩˡ
ȻҶĻڿǱǮֱѡһװ޺̾˽ȥ
֮ҶĻ1.5ԼҪĶ˾Ƶ֮С

ѪȻ˵޵ѪҺĺ弼ѪҺҲҪģʾѪѪҺһ73֣ȥ73ѪҺ֮κ޵ѪҺ73ѪҺÿһЧҲͬȴѪҺЧΪǿġ
Ž޸ѪҺѪҺĻһѪޱܹͬһǿھŽ޵ҲһǿĴڣΪǿȺ
Ž޷ѪҺǿȺھŽ޵Ҳֻһ㣬ͨݣȴųǾŽ׵֮һһѪҺѪôܹ÷ٶȣսʮá
Ž׹꣬׹ûǿٶȸףȴǾŽ޵зߵޣû֮һһѪҺѪôܹÿƱ̬ķ
޵ѪҺŵ㣬ʹһԻóǿʺҵȴǸѪҺ
ıϾǹ䣬ǹսҪıԸѪҺʺңҸķ׹Ҳ϶٣øѪҺĻܻǿܻǿķܹתΪٶȣ˵ʱҵٶӦҲ
ٶȷһжžڷ弼ҲǾĴڣΪýƳģɲֹǲϢٶȲǹؼһҵ֮ôԽеȥȻҲٶȷļɡ
˲ٶȣټϸתٶȣʱҵٶȼǱ÷ѪҺЧҲ϶١
Ȼ˿ҶĻڿԼһһ˸ߵĴ֮ȴǹɺ˲ʧ˴롣
ѪǮҪ찡һ100ѪҺȴ1.5ڣҲ֪ЩѪҺܹá
Ѫһѡ֮ʱõѪô㲻ܸı䣬ҪѪһֱȥ
԰ɡ
ҡҡͷҶĻһľͰȡ2ѪҺУټһЩˮҶĻľͰѪķ
ʹޱȾҵʹһҶĻоһޱȾҵʹȻ˵ҶĻ巨ʱҲܹܵһɾҵʹЩʹֱûñȡ
˿ҶĻŸһιȥ
ݣ߽׶巨ѪѲԺĲһ
ǿǹɾҵʹҶĻʵ̫ˡ
ҶĻҲüȥ
ѪϵķҶĻĶԼļ⣬ͬʱһӵĺҲҶĻʩչ˳ֻںҶĻļ⿪ʼͨˡ
һӣӣӡ
ʱҶĻԽԽ죬ͬʱľͰЩѪҺȾˮҲ𽥱䵭ˣȻѪҺеڱҶĻա

֮ҶĻֹͣ˶⣬˿ľͰЩɫˮѾ˵ɫҶĻȫµƤǱͨޱȣƿһ㡣

һӵĺٴαҶĻʩչ˳ҶĻϵļҲһζҶĻĶֻͨޱȵƤʼ𽥵ı䵭
Ѫ֮ʱĵڶ裬һȫѪҺеʣڶǽЩٶա
һӣӣʮӡ
ʱţҶĻͨҲɫ
һСʱҶĻƤڻָɫ
˫ֻۣҶĻһѪǿ󡭡
ֻôһܹоԼһЩһֱȥԼȭͷҶĻ¶˷ܵɫѪ˵ˣÿһ׶εĽܹյѪҺһԽǸ߽׵ĽܹյѪҺԽǶ࣬׵Ľܹ200ҵѪ֪ҽ200ѪȫյĻҵжǿ
һο֮ҵʵܹ׷Ǹ
ҶĻһε2Ѫ
һθܵѪõҶĻҲȥԹЩʹˣЩԼͣǿĸо
ʱҶĻʵҲڲϵرǿ
Ѫ巨ƪ粽ľ׼ȣһжҶĻİţҶĻҲ𽥳Խ֮ʱʵĿ֮С

52֮
197ѪļˡľͰ֮еҶĻ˫ۡ
˿ҶĻͬ53֮ǰѾȫһˣ53֮ǰҶĻڽߵֽΪģֻ1.78ףҲֱȽϽܵ׳˶ģ˿ҶĻȴȫˡ
1.85ҵߣһƸӲȺϽһļ⣬һۿȥܹҶĻϸܵһɼǿ˱У׻˵Ǵүǵĸо

ȭͷҶĻԼ嵱еɵ¶ŵЦݡ
ǰһ8000ϿеҺԼʣȻ˵Һһ뿪Ͽۿۣӵ㹻ҺЧҲһ8000ʹҵʵ۷ĳ̶ȣټ197ѪҺ
ҵٶӦöЩ֮׽ˣҵĵб׵ˮ׼沫ɱĻһʹоԵİտԻɱһ׵ıսʹתŵܹ߽ǿߵ


 


102 
Ǹ޷ҲңʵӦڲಮ֮䡣
Ҳ2ѹвŻʵԺ
˵ҶĻЩˡ
弫޵ĿΣѪʵ̫Ǯˣǿ߱197ѪҺ˲3ڣҵ֮450ѪҺʱǮ࣬Ҫǵ˾Žס
ѪΪ׼ĺ弼ͨ˸𰡡
ʵҲֻܹҶĻ̫̰ˣѪףеʱܹճֻף̫õ߽޵ѪҺЧȻҲԶԶҶĻõĸѪҺ
ǮȷʵǸ⣬Ȼ˵ڻѹкͽָеһݳƷЩȥĻֵܹǮҪѪԲȴԶԶһвԺҪŬ׬Ǯˡ
Ҫ׬ǮĻȥǱߺõ㣬һͳɡ
ҶĻ7࣬˸ϴҶĻ㱳Լļҵ뿪˲ش
һ뿪شĳҶĻߵĻţϾϿҶĻǰǵıؾ֮·ֻҪԽϿܹǡ
Ͽȵе޲̫࣬ټϿȾҲֻ·мҲûʲôޱȽܼĵشӵпǿʵҶĻһ·ϲûʲôϴΣա
ûΣգҶĻһ·ϻɱ˲ޣϾڵҶĻɲֻһңпռ䴢豸޵ʬԷڽָеȵ˶ȥˣҲһ롣

㣬㣬ٽһ㡣
һεĲݶѵҶĻ͸˹ѻǹϵ׼Զ
ֻھҶĻ1000׵ĵطһֻǻš
ֻ޵ֱ֮ͬǰĲ򼸺һ޶СҲ࣬κ˿ֻ޶ὫͲϵһΪϲûëһƬƬɫۼףһۿȥǺʹ˵еЩ񣬵Ȼֻ޲룬׵
ݣٽ㰡ٶȷǳ֮죬1000׿ǹҵĵк޼һҲնɱϾӵҲҪʱ䣬ʱȫԷӦҵ͵Ϯ쳣ҵСӽĻпܻݾ߽ܣֻܵӽҡ
800ף800׾ܿǹˡ
˿ҶĻһľѻһſڲݶѵһֻǾضԶ򣬴ʱҶĻòԼһϢֻҪۿҶĻκ˶Ϊһʯͷ
ڣڣڡ
ڣʮֻ֮ҶĻ߿ʼˡ
ᡣ
ֻֻѾ˾ҶĻ800ҵλãȻ˿̵ҶĻǲϲ״̬û͸¶κ
顣
ǹҶĻһǹֻӵֱس˹ȥ
ĵкǿҶĻҪǿһ˿޷ǳĵСһκη紵ݶᱻҶĻǹ˲ֻ㷢ˣֻһ˦ҶĻĵһǹǾ̧˲ҶĻĵڶӵȲҶĻҶĻԤֻĶ
飬飬顣
ǹٶһҶĻֱǹǹȫ򼴽ŵĵطȥֻѪš
ˡ
üϲҶĻ̽˹ǹŵԼٶȳǱ߿񱼶ȥ
ΪҶĻһǹֱֻüġ
ȻʱҶĻٶҲǳ֮죬197ĸѪҺ֮ҶĻõ˴ȵǿʹþƪĻҶĻǰʹþƪ1.7ңһȻĺתҶĻٶҲõ1.5

һ󾢷ιҶĻʬԣ˵㽫ʬŽԼϵĽָС
̫СԾԺɱֻڶӦܹ1500ңһȲСջ񡣡
ԣһǾֻ6Сʱ·̵ĵطҶԻʮְȫģڲ7һЩһȵ12ǰǡ
Ÿ˹ѻǹҶĻ첽뿪ҶĻ뿪ʮӵʱкüֻЩǱǰϵѪζġ

Ұ֮еȻ֮ҪҵʺԼɱҲô׵ģҪࡣ
ֻ޵һΧûвߵޣ޵סĵΣ֮е޵ȵȣ涼Ҫǵֻܹ֤ɱʱİȫȡ
֪ÿ궼ɱʱڿǵĲȫڻҰҶĻֶ쳣ܵȻȥִ󣬷涼ҪǵҪҵԼֵҲô׵ģкܶߵһ춼һܹɱһֻޡ
Ҳⲻ
һСʱ֮ҶĻ֮һֻ׳˶ⲻĸ߱Զ֮ڡ
ҿû⣬ΧֻмֻޣΪ壬Զ֡΢΢һЦҶĻԱó˸˹ѻǹ
ֱϵڱⲻĻ㣬׵ⲻȥļ۸񼸺޼
ҵΧ֮ڡ
ܺø˹ѻǹҶĻòһϢ㽫ǹڶ׼ⲻǲһãɱĿʱֻҪҶĻǹĿӵԶҶĻĵҲ޷оκΣ
ûвĻҶĻհǹڶ׼ⲻܸоΣʱҶĻȻҲͱ¶ˡ
飬飬顣
һǹ𣬴˿̿ҶĻڵһǹ̽ԵĹ֮ǹÿһǹⲻһŵȥ
ͬɱһ㣬ҶĻɱֻⲻҲûкķѶֻǹ㽫ֻⲻˡ
1500򣬵֡
΢΢һЦҶĻ˹ѻǹⲻʬǱ߿񱼶ȥ
Σա
ͻȻҶĻ׼ⲻʬջ֮ʱһΣбҶĻı
¡
ֻһѴ󵶳ҶĻֱֱֱĿ˹ȥ
顣
̧ҶĻһѴ󵶵ĵϽѴߵƫԭĹҶĻַ˲㽫ⲻʬԼ
ǿ
óתǹҶĻָŶԷʮֲм˵
˿վҶĻһִ󵶵ӣһױսߣ÷ߺ޵ĿⶢҶĻֻҶĻеǰתǹʵ̫ˣӲûٶȶ֡
λѣǿɡ
ʱһöҶĻĶˣһŮԱߵĴ˳


103 
Ůӵ˲ҶĻɵǰһŮӱȻЩ൫ҲŮ
һͷ̷ɫĽս쳣۵ģټϵǹӢŮȷʵһŮ
ŮȴҶĻһģһתǹŮ弫޵ĿҲҶĻǳӽ˶ǹս
ȻŮŮҶĻŮֲ죬ټڵ״ҶĻȻȻóһתǹָŮӡ
ֻⲻͶˣһֱ׷Сʱû뵽ո׷ˡ΢΢һЦŮӶҶĻǹָû˿ľ⣬ϳ֮С
Ŷ
üͷһŮӵĻҶĻҲмţΪ˵ʵǳ
ҶĻ֮ǿøѪҺѪȻҶĻһӵĵʱҶĻȴоһɼǿҶĻҽȫ߳ҲֻܽӵĴƫһ˿ѣɼӵϵʵ׵оǶġ
˵Ůӣǹս⼸ֱԿĳŮӵʵһ㡣
ֵĻҪնɱһֻⲻǲڻµģҶĻǵĻмţΪǾ߱Ǹʵ
ȻţֵĶҲˡ
ⲻնɱģǲûг֡
ҡҡͷҶĻһⲻʬ㳯ŶǱ˹ȥ˲Ƶء
㡭
ŮҲЩŭ⣬ҶĻȻĴڡ
վסߡ
ӷűҶĻһŽ߿ֱҶĻǹָţԱҶĻ쳣˿̱ҶĻ֮ﻹ̵ס
һӻŴ󵶱㳯ҶĻٴοȥ

βתֻҶĻ粽չ˲ӵһеתǹӵĵϱһǹ
顣
ײ
ڶÿһʱܹߵ1.5ǿʮҶĻֱ׷ǿߣǽƪ˾ٷ֮ʮҵĳ̶ȣټ1.5һǹȥר弼ǿҲס˵һױսˡ
ֻҶĻһǹеĴֱӱҶĻƫʮȡ
ϻҲ˵Ҫٸ׷ͱҲˡ
˦ôһ仰֮ҶĻ粽ٶչ̼ʧ˵߷Χ֮С
㡭
˿ԭҪ׷ȥȴ뱻ߵŮӸסˡ
ңֻⲻǶôʱѲɾͰװ͸Ǹˣ
׷ȥҲûáһۣŮӼ˵ƾʵ׷ȥҲǰ״ղĻ͹Ҳˡ
ǻ𣿽㡣
ˣⲻǸղ˻ɱģһֻɡ
˵Ůӱһ˹ȥ
ڽߵлûԸ⽫ԼﹰˣŮ֮һΪⲻȷʵҶĻնɱģûһëǮϵΪҶĻʵ
Ů˶ǱȽϸĵŮڼҶĻ˲㽫ҶĻϹ۲һ飬ҶĻĵͿ͸ΣҶĻпţȵţҶĻҲӵʮɵİһ㡣
ԼЩټҶĻʵŮӱֻⲻ
ھǧ׵ĵط˿ҶĻţֻⲻҲѾҶĻװ˿ռ䴢ָС
ǺǣղСҲ̫ĺݣζҳʱ϶ûκɱֻҪҷⲻʬ壬ѲⲻǶ˴СʱҶĻҡҡͷˣѾҵղС椵ͦƯġ

ʱ8࣬ҶĻʱ仹ǺܳģҶĻٴѰ
߳һξһ춼ҲһֻʺֵҶĻһСʱֻ۸߰ޣ֮ҶĻĺҲƵ˾ͷСʱʱҶĻҲûҵһֻʺֵŪҶĻЩơ
Ҳգʱ䲻ˣȥǰɡ
ڲݴԵеҶĻ˿ʱ䣬˿ѾҪ12ˡ
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Ƕ𣿺ǿûʲôͬǽΧľҪǽһģһ˵Ǿó𣿡
վڶǵĳſڣҶĻǸʵĳǽΪԼǣһжһģһ
ʵǶǺǣսܱǵķԼҪһģһģΪЩǾǧλѧһʮʱ䷽Ƴ״޵Ϯܹ󻯵ķãԿֲ޳ʱ𵽵øױȡ
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ǵɢӪλڳеı߽ǣǵɢӪȴλڳģӦúܿܵɡ
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PR1źϽһʵؼӲӵԶָܵͽֽɵĽԱ֤ҲɫȻֽҲ֮ΪĽģǵɢӪֽɵġ
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ԺҲǶǵһˣȽȥ
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ҡҡͷҶĻȥЩֱӳתȥϾͺХ֮䲢ûʲô̫Ľ顣
ȻҶĻոתҪȥߵת֮ʱХȴҶĻĴڡ
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ǺǣҲ΢΢һЦںХʵҶĻҲΪȡ
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ӵܾǲһܹô̵ʱڽ弫޿۷ΪľҺԭ򣬲ȴһӣʲôкô̵ʱڽ弫޿۷Ȼʲôֵ顣
Ŷˣʲô˵ͷҶĻԵ޹ʺХܵʲô
ҼͷġʼХڳһΪε飬ⲻڳǱ߾ٰĽ߽ҪʼˣսߵгжʼѡˣҼͷӣҼͷҲͰˣұǱ߲μѡأֻܹˡ
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ң׼ȥתԺҾǶǵˡʼҶĻֱ˵Ҳʲô˵顣
תǣҶĻתǵХɵЩԾΪн߻ȥתϾһһطȻʶѣҪתǵĻҲ൱һİĵطزģԺٻнȥת
תǾתǰɣһҺ㻹ûзֳʤתȻμѡΣѡδϺָʤ
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˭һԴô޵ʬɢӪΧ۵ġ
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׬ǮٶȺҵĻȴǡ
ˣסĵطɣҲҪҵҾסܹĵط
ҡҡͷҶĻ˵ע߳˹űĴš


105 
ǳռҲǳȻסҲͶˣҶĻҪҵʺԼסһķӲ̫ѡ
8һЩʱҶĻҵˣھɢӪԶһСС
ҶĻɲǰνǲƴֱ֣һͱһ130
ҶĻǽߣⷿҲʮֺð̶ʮӵʱҶĻİ9ҶĻԼ·ӡ
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Ȼϴ˯˸ҶĻ㿪ʼԼ
巨粽ڶ־֮ѾҪ12ˡ
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⼸ҶĻЧȷʵôҶĻԴӵ۷֮ѾоԼ弫޵Ŀˡ
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֮޷֮ҵ弫޿ٶȱһֱ޷ָǰٶȡ
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֮ʺңΪ֮ս̫ӣս֮ʱҪĶ̫ˣҪڶԷԺҪֻԼԺγɣһҪҵս;֮ҲҪ֮Ҫǡ
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ҶĻǾԻȥμӶǵѡεģΪЩ

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ҺҶĻûóԼٶȣڱȫǿܸҶĻĽŲ
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ֻħ֮ҶĻֱӱ˿ͣţȻҶĻҲǳصģȻ˵ҶĻʹȭͷʱû1.5ȭͷϵǲС꣬ҶĻȭ֮ħֱӱ׶ľ롣
ǳҶĻֻһ׵Ľߣȴܹһȭһͷħ׶࣬ҶĻ˶ʮףħᲢޣܹóҶĻжǿҶĻͽֵѾһЩո֮ͨ׽ˡ
Ҳû֮Ȼûȣҵսʽɲͽֲɱ
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ǹҶĻ˳ȥ˲㽫תǹУ֮ͣʱתǹеӵѾŶħ˹ȥ
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ǹֻҶĻתڶеƶ׼ħһǹ
ҶĻĹǿ弼ǿҲסȻҶĻһǹħϵЧȴҶĻЩʧҶĻԭΪԼһǹӦܹᴩֻħ壬ӵȴֻħϴһָѪˡ
ֻ֮ħ֮ã޵ʱͺǿټϱ鲼֮ҵĹ˺ܶࡣüͷԼ˴εĹҶĻǲ
ܹ֮Ļһǹȥпܹᴩ塣
鲻ҶĻǲӰ쵽Լսġ
飬飬顣
ֻҶĻͣתƣӵתǹǹ֮ȫħ˹ȥ
һ
ʮʱҶĻʮ෢ӵÿһǹڶƴȥģӵ1.5Ȼʮǹħȴֻǹˡ
ΪҶĻûʹԼϾҶĻҪԼǶնɱֻħᡣ
ȻûʹҶĻҪʰֻͨħҲǶôѵ飬ϾҶĻӵ׵ĵУ׵׵ٶԼųǿս˵ʱҶĻһû֮ǿߡ
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ڣǹֻ֮ħᵹ˵ϡ
ûʲôʰһʬ壬¼Ѱ
ħᵹˣҶĻЩϧҡҡͷһսҶĻûκ򣬴˵еԾɲ֪ʲô⡣
̤̤̤
תǹҶĻǰȥħǰչҶĻҪħͷϲһǹ
ԣΣա
ͻȻոħǰҶĻоһΣʱԭڵϢ΢ħȴˡ
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ֻֻħſѪڣһֱҶĻĲӶȥ˿ħѾʹԼȫٶȡ
Ȼթ
һ裬ҶĻûκԥ㽫Լ۵ǰ
֪˿ҶĻħʵ̫ˣһ׵ľ붼ħỹͻϮʽĽҶĻû㿪νϲңڳԵҶĻȻһҶĻûκԥԼֵǰ
ֻħѪֱҧҶĻϡ
ѪʹҶĻӵмǿڿ޵ǿȣҶĻϵĸ߼սҲģǿƼĽᾧС꣬ħǼܹһڽͨ׽ߵֱҧֻҶĻҧ˼ѪˣûиҶĻɶơ
ɶ
оԼϴʹҶĻüͷҶĻһת㽫תǹǹڶ׼ħᡣ
飬飬飬顣
һǹʼƾɵ¥֮лصһ˲ҶĻһ7ǹǹȫħͬһλãԴ˿ֻħǳ׵ˡ
ħɿҧҶĻϵݣͬʱʬҲ˵ϣ˿ҶĻȴԭء
ԣղǡüͷҶĻ˫ۺڻʲô
ڽǹڽʱһɷǳĸоҵԺС
޷ݣ޷ݣָоǳɱֺǶɱı̬УԣԣӦһ
ԣոڿǹʱڱüƭˣһ͵ϮɹҵгһɷŭУڿǹʱҵбȴģ˱ϵֻܸ֮оһţ޷ץס
ѵҵǡ
˫ۣ˿ҶĻЩյҡҡͷ
ϧʱ̫ˣҸ޷ǡ
սһҪսÿһսʱǶֵܹĻôұ㹻ʱȥϸϸűǽա
ȭͷ˿ҶĻսȼ
ħᣬȻˣһҪл㣬ҿԼǵϣ
ʵҶĻһεջɷģҪ֪۷Ǿ˲Ҳ޷оԼǣһ˿ûоҶĻžЩˣΪҶĻֻͬħսʱ̬ΪƽѾЩֻħĳ̶ȣΪҶĻʵҪǿֻħᣬһҶĻûʹ¡
ȻҶĻȴһֻС޸ˣһƭˣʹҶĻǷŭͺȭһҵǫ̃̄һȭһǳķŭɷŭҶĻĵԼһ˿ǣȻһ˿ȴҶĻϣҶĻ
ڻȻضǰɣϵȻ̫ص⼸ûǹˣ˺ΪʧҡҡͷҪսҶĻֻ֮ýħʬװ˽ָб̻˶ǡ
ڻȥ֮ǰҶĻȴȴӽָó˾Ϊ׼ҽԼ˿磬һΪֹѪǷֹȾϾҰ޽֮ĴڣһҧǲʱĻпܻᵼ¸ȾǽҲһ
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ҶĻ粽չŶǵһ·ʼ񱼣ҶĻʹȫ̶̰Сʱʱص˶ǣ֮ҶĻֱҽƴȥ


108 ָ
ΪṩҽƴλڶǶϱ߽ǵĶǵһҽԺУһҽԺƼ˶ǵеҽרңЩרǾ󲿷ֶڽҽƴΪǷ
ǽߺãŶӰ
ۣҶĻԵһҽԺΪǱ˽ȥֻھϿ⵱ӵеĽ߲ſԽȥͨ˻ûоĽ޷еģеĽߣ粻شеĽߣЩ˶ûнеȨҪȥͱҪ롣
ÿÿҽ
ҶĻո̤Ͻ֮ʱһ󼱼ææҶĻĶС
ŤͷȥֻҶĻõ̧һһżܽҽԺУֱҽƴĴ¥ȥڵϵҲǳأ۶Ѿʧˣ˿ڴɫճﲻͣɢζ
ҲǵʲôϮˣôǿüͷҶĻһ۱㿴˵Ľ˿ϵĶ޵ĶҺһǶԷǳǿĶҺ
ҺãҺã첲ڣħûֻһЩԲˣƾҵ廹ס
˿ԼۣȻٿ˿ѾҪ̧¥λߣҶĻоԼʮˡ
ϾϽǧٹ֣ʲôŹֵ޶УȻжҲر࣬ڴֱ֮ǰûжԵ޽֮󶼻ӵжԣڳЩԽ޻ãҧЯҩҲܹΣ񷽲λһԶˣÿ겻֪жٽ߶ڳⱻЩԶһϮɱˡ
ҶĻҲãħᲢûжҧһڶҲǴʱȾѣҪ
ղǸǹҪںˣͷֻҪǲλĽڶ֮֫ѡںϣǿ߶ʧȥԼǱҪʹ顣
ҡҡͷҶĻŲԶҽƴ¥ȥ

ҶĻϵ˲أֻҪȥ˾Ȼűˣ˾Ȼڶ¥һ¥˼Ȳš
Ҳͨ˵ҽԺǽҽƴһҽͬʱһǧ߽оԼҶĻ˶¥֮󿴵˵ĽҲġ
27ҡ
ȡԼĺƣҶĻ27ңֻһ״ӵ
첲ϱħҧˣҪһ¡
ǵҽƴҶĻҲȥΣҶĻֲ񣬼µ˵ģҶĻҲ˽ҽƴĹأһҪԼǱʲô޸ˡ
Ŷħᡣ
˷Լ۾λһҶĻ
ţ˿ڲأһR6ҽ򵥰һ¾Ϳˡüͷһչλ߶ҶĻΪЩˣҶĻԼĿһR6ҽҽȫħµĲҶĻҪߵֻҪһʱ⼸ѪԶָ
ҵȻ֪һ¾Ϳˣ򵥰ĻԼͿԣĻҪָҲҪʮʱ䡣ʼҶĻһ˵ӣҵ˼Ǹһݻָ
ָȷλ߲ɵһ㶣ƶͨ˶ԺأЩ߶Ժֻ˰ɣҲҪݻָ
ھ͸Ұš˵ͷҶĻ϶˵
С
ҶĻִҪݻָλҲͲȰ˵ˡ
һԵͨѶλ߷Ը˼䣬ҶĻԵһ£Ͼͻȥָҡ
ʵλҲ֣Ͼָɲʲô½ָΪЩҪεĽ׼ģʥƷκνߵ˿ֻҪûбȾǲĻָбԼٻָٶʮ౶һûκθá
ǿĹЧҲǸ߰ļ۸񣬱ϾɲǴƻأҽƴȻҲҪǮģһָҪ700ĸ߼ۣԻûн߻ҶĻСȥֶ
ȻҶĻҲԼԭ
ǣҶĻҪսȥԼǣһӶȣҶĻŻ

ãҶ
ӹһƯĻʿСǰҶĻļ
Ŷû⡣
˵ͷҶĻλʿС¥¥B11ָҡ
ָҲֻٶƽףʮָأдҲСģͻָΪЩ˼ҪȫָĽ׼ģ˿ɽȥСͻָΪЩֲ˵׼ģҶĻʹõıһСͻָء
ҶĻָأѾעʮˮһָſԹʹСʱʱ䣬ʲôĻ԰ɫİťʿСָһǸֻСˮشСĻָ˵ûĻҾˡ
ûˣ߰ɡ˻֣ҶĻʿС뿪ˡ
ָǰⶼݳƷûùһԡ
һԵҶĻԼ˵۷˻ָصС
ûʲôоѽЩġüͷҶĻûκεĸоȰɣҵԭͲôأָãȫЩָ֮ʱֱϵӦѾõĲˡ
ǺҶĻϱЩ
ףﻹˡ
ͻȻҶĻԼұ߲ԶһͻָصһˣڻָصеĻָɫģǰҶĻûзˡ
һӣڶʮңһͷ鷢絶һǣϵļⲢҶĻ׳˶ǺƸְһӣһۿȥ֪˱
ϵȴΪҶĻע⡣
Ӳûȱ첲ȣϵȴȱ첲ᣬֻϾȻ鲼ʮɼǵ˺ۣÿһǳأ侹ȻһȭͷСĿնشȭͷСһ⣬ӦǱĳǿġ
䣬ôصôŵġ
üͷһչҶĻʵЩ벻ͨܵ˵γŵҽƴģȻûڻҰ֮С
ȻҶĻ̾Ϣ֮ʱڻָصеȴ˫ۡ
˫ֻ֮Ǿڻָصвûκ춯˿ûнĿתҶĻߵ˼
Ŀ⣬һﵽ׾˶ٴս˲䡣
ûעҶĻҶĻȴעϣĿ⣬ҶĻӵĿסˡ
սԵԼֳս˲Żӵе絶һ
Ҳʲô򵥵ĵطһҿӦףĵҲףҲ˵һǿߣΪǿ߱ӵĿɼʵȻ


109 
ҶĻΪԼͣսԼҲ޷ӵĿ⣬ΪҪӵĿɲҪս
ӵĿҪһſս֮ģһŽսԼģӵĵսǶԱһУǻս֮ио֣оԼӵһУǱ׼սˡ
ԼʵֻΪܹӷս
ȻҶĻȴˣҶĻΪԼĻûô̬ӵһͨ˵ģΪ׷ѰɺʹһʧȥһУƸλʧȥҶĻҪøߣֻҶĻΪһҰİˣҶĻıˣսԶԶûôִš
ȻҶĻһҲܻӵ
ҶĻȴ֪ӵһսǿĴڣ˿ҶĻǰӱˣȻնˣնֻһҪ֮ˣսҲܣԼֶΡ

ָҵֻҶĻˣҲԷһʱָ֮ҵмΪֻʣҶĻĺ
ּĵĻҶĻֱ˯˴Ҳû¸ɡ
ϣ̶ӵʱҶĻ˯ˡ

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ԺҶĻԼ˫ۣҡҡͷҶĻԼұϵֱ
ŵ㣬һȻ˯СʱٴҡҡͷҶĻ˹ˣǸʿ˵ҵĻָСʱҵʱܳգôˡ
ô̵ʱͻָĲˡ
ֻ̧ۣҶĻϵǼѪ˿ʧȡ֮ǼǳԵ˺ۣѾûжˣʱҶĻ߻ָصеˮҲѾǳɫеĻָѾױҶĻˡ
ԺҪָһݻָʮָܻһͲˡԼۣҶĻѾо˿ʹˡ
ǺˣҲ֪һʲôʱܺá
һ߻ֱҶĻһ߿ԼһԵĴͻָأֻƼصӻ棬Ѿٴ˯ˣ˿ϵҲѾ࣬ɼָĹЧȷʵǿ
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ҶĻ㰴Ǹɫİť
һӵʱ䣬ҶĻƯĻʿСٴγҶĻǰʿСҶĻ˽Ѵ700תҽƴ˻С

ʣµСӦѾûʲôˡ
ʮҶĻص˼УĵһҶĻԼۡ
ǿȣ֮Ļָٶȶǳ֮ǿøѪҺõǸʣȻҲ̳˸ĻָٶȣЩĻָٶȱһӣǰ֮ҪָԼȫҪһСʱңȴֻҪСʱͬģʣµͨҪһʱܳ׻ָҵĻϾͲˡ
ϴϴ˯ɣԣǣȡڶʱڽա
ϴ˸裬ҶĻ˯ˣҶĻѵõû
νųжȣҶĻ׵ģʲôʱʲôʱ򲻸ҶĻҲ֪ۻûг׻ָǿĻƱػһЩҪˣ˻ڶڿʱȻʱ˵ݱΪˣĻɾͲҽˡ

ڶ죬ĵشɢӪУҶĻرϡ
22ŷ棬ǲȥˣһȻֻ˽ޣ˽Ȼ޷ҵĲǳ߷Χ֮еĻҲȻӲһΣգȥ
ȥ17ŵһ׺ޱȽ϶࣬һЩ߽ޣ22ŷ޼ѡˣȥ˵ͷҶĻ˽Ŀĵء
Ǳ⡣
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ζתֻҶĻ粽չ˲㳯17ŵ񱼶ȥ˿̶ǼΪصҶĻʹȫܣΪҶĻѾȲҪսˣͨսԼǡ
ֻҶĻȫ֮»Ұ֮оһ̳һ·ϲ֪жٽ߶̳Ŀ⣬ȻЩ߼ǵͽ׵ĽߣЩͽ׽ڿҶĻӰʱȴɵ¶Ľɫ
ǿҶĻһ߽׽ߣҲֻи߽׽߲Żӵַ۵糸ٶȡ
ˡ
Сʱҵʱ䣬ҶĻͣ˽ŲֻҶĻǰ17ŵΪʯĵ
17ŵΪı洦ɼĹʯĹʯǳֱ֮࣬ʤһķ羰ߡ
ಡ
һҶĻ˹ʯ
ƷһﾹȻҵó߱ԶҶĻɵ¶һ˿ϲ⡣
ֻھҶĻ800״һֻСſһʯ棬һֻ׵ķٶޡ
˿ֻһлҶĻɱҪҶĻԶ֡
ãħᲢûκɫʮͨޣսҲûκμ飬ֻȴͬĻǽΪ֣ٶȿó棬ûһʵ׽߶ȥɱޣΪٶȡ
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ηɴܣֻҶĻ粽еͻϮչֱֻ˹ȥ
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һޣоħỹҪö࣬ټҶĻûдԼҪӭսһҶĻ˲ֻ㷴Ӧ˹
ಡ
ƱƿֻһʧԭأٴγʱѾʮ׿ĵط⣬ǷٶȣҶĻȫת粽Ҫһ֡
飬飬飬顣
һǹתǹѱҶĻУֻҶĻһֱǽСζȥͬʱҶĻڿǹ֮ʱҲΪϸĸԼҪҵһŵĸо

ٵʲôоûУֲֵǮˡ
֮ҶĻս˿ֻʬѾҶĻս˽ָУȻ˴εսҶĻȴûκεĸоһͨսʲôջûУֻҲֵ̫ǮҲͼֵ700ңպܹҶĻ׬ָƵǮ
ڲ9һЩʱܳ㣬ҽٲսӦûǿԵġ
ǽսȻûκջһ죬죬죬ֻҪֲиܹԼǡ
ʰ飬ҶĻתǹٴγ17ŵطȥʼѰµ
һսսս
ߵ࣬Ϧ£˿ҶĻոսԼĵս
սֻڵ峡սʱָоԾһ޷աʬҶĻҡҡͷʱҲˣҹʺԣټ


110 
Ǳôж
ʱҶĻĿȴתԼұߣΪҶĻоԼұ߲Զɵϲţԣս
ҶĻҲûϾҰֲҶĻģԣ˵ȻҲԣǽһʱҶĻһСӣȻЩСڿΪ׵ҶĻһ˳ʱЩȡ
ȻһȴͬΪһҶĻоԼұ߲Զɵһɷǳģһ޵ĵС
һǿں߽ս
۷ҶĻӵ۷ĵУȻҶĻȴǿܹӦĶȻ߽׵ĵУҲ˵Ǳ߽ޡ
ಣಡ
紵ֻһ̱ӰҶĻһš
ֻ׵ޣֻ׵ں±ֻ߽޲ԸϽ뿪һ޵һٶҲҶĻȷǱ߽޵ʵ
ҪҪȥأ߽ޣΪֹһû߽ս
ȥɣܹ߽޴һĻ˵ܹһǡ
⣬ҶĻȥֻ߽ٻȥ
ȻûҶĻȥǱߵ߽޺׽ȴѾٳҶĻ߿ˡ
䡣
ݣҪ׷ӵʲôʱ򡣡
һŭıֻһ޴ĹʯѿһİСڶʮ߰ҵӳҶĻǰ˿ٿţµٶȸǿľˣҶĻٶ˿ѷɫǿߡ
ıҶĻҪʶ߽ޡ
ɫë׸ߵΣ׳˶ޱȵļ⣬һԵ׵߽֮׵Ŀʨ
ܣܰӸһҶĻ¶ϲ⣬תۼΪҶĻ弫ֻ۷ĳ̶ȡ
߽׵ĿʨͿܣ졣һߴһ߿š
ȻϵȴҶĻվԭأûжûҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц
ʨ޵Ļϵȣ˲䱬ٶ߽޵жһ㣬ȴ˲䱬ٶһأս߽޵зǳĲס
ãԴӵʵ֮һֱûȫ֣ձͷ߽׵Ŀʨһԡ
ݣСӸòɵ˰ɣܡ
ҶĻһɵЦվԭأİС̳ѵҪѾʨɵҶĻ
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˿ҶĻѾԼȫٶȣ粽еļ˲ӵ
飬飬飬顣
ǹֻҶĻ֮ʱûκԥеתǹſʨһ䡣
̼ҶĻ߸ͬƶſʨǹÿһǹ׼˿ʨȥ
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ͻȻͷʨ׼ҶĻʱһΣٴγԺС
һֻʨٴŤתȻһοʨٶȱ𷽲ȴ˴ȵ˽1.3ͬʱҶĻһӵҲſʨǽɫë˹ȥ
ÿ죬ڶȻ޷̫ˡһ裬ҶĻα˲˳ʮס
Уӵ߽׵еǰԤ֪ҵľ󲿷ֹԤĶҲǿԤ֪ټ˲䱬ٶȣȫҵԼҲһġ
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ηɴܣֻҶĻոմͷʨ㱬Լȫٶ˵ҶĻǰͬʱǲɫëĴ׳צҲҶĻ˹ȥ
һצǷͨ۷ϵĻ߶ȻɣҶĻͬҶĻûͻԤһצ粽ĽܼɺԼǿǿʹ֮ٶȣҶĻ֮յĶһצ
ǡ
ͬʱҶĻҲԼתǹϵİťֻתǹĵ̵ҶĻõеĵطڵµ˲ҶĻתǹҲͬʱӴС
˿ҶĻһУҶĻмǹС
飬飬顣
ǹٶֻҶĻڶ˿ʨĹ֮еתǹٶһǹֱʨȥ
һһģһӵ߽ʵĿʨҪҶĻĹ׾٣һתʨҶĻ
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һǹ죬ѪһѪ˳ſʨȻֻһ㣬һǹ֮ʨȴˣֻڿʨƨɲһϸСѪۣǱҶĻӵġ
ãЩӵû򣬷һϵð˽鱪޹ӵٶͨӵ1.3ңǳպÿԴͷʨ
ҵʵӵû߽׵Ŀʨ˺ǴҲһ
üͷҶĻһǹĽ⣬ֲ⡣
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ͻȻһŭԿʨҶĻһǹ˿ʨͬʱҲŭͷһ
ֻһŭʨĽɫëȫһԵ׵֮Կʨɢ˳ɰԵ֮¾ȻۿɼĲ
壬߽׽ʩչǿ
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ͻȻֻʨһ㳯ҶĻ˽
ڿʨ֮ʱҶĻҲˣʱҶĻȴоԼԺгһɶһ쳣Ե֮ɰԵ֮֮ҶĻƸоԼʲôסˣ嶼쳣ء
壬ǿޱȣӵֶεﻹڵҿսġ
ȡ
תŵüͷҶĻ̱ʹ˴갷ɵǱܱתŵֻҶĻµļ˲䱩ǣһɿֲҶĻڲɢ˳
ͬʱҶĻҲоǹѹࡣ
飬飬顣
һǹҶĻеתǹ
˿̿ʨѾ˵ҶĻǰǾһǹʱʨȴ̱˿ΪҶĻŵһиоΣΣǰΣΣС


111 ξ
֮Ȼģ֮
ɴ˫ۣһֱһԿҶĻսͻȻ˿Ϊǿߵôܻϴ
֮ղǾ𣿡
üͷҶĻŬҪղŵĸо
ҶĻԺгһĸоɸоһţͬǰγֵʱ䣬γֵʱǰҪ࣬ҶĻÿһǹָоҲɸоҶĻĵγν֮
еüĿˣڻоʱ򡭡
üͷȻ壬ͻȻҶĻתǹŻ䣬ҶĻתܣʩչתŵҶĻٶȾȻﵽǰ1.5ҡ
ܣʹ壬ҲĶ֡
ҶĻܵķһʱվһԵӵĶ߲ͣػصҶĻ
𡣡
á
ͻȻʨŭӡ
һ裬ӱҪܣͷ߽׵Ŀʨȴû׷ҶĻ񱼶ȥҶĻƨŪѪѾͷ߽׵Ŀʨŭ˼£ǲɱҶĻü춼Բ¶
ҲϽܣһͷʰҵĻɾͲˣСӣԸү㡣
˿ڿˮҲתȫһȥ

𡣡
ʮһŭ17ŵıԵشˣΧĵͽһɴܡ
˿ֻ̣ͷ˶߽׿ʨԭǻţһޱȰԵ֮ɢԣ˿ͷ߽׵ĿʨǳķŭΪҲҶĻˡ
һǰҶĻһתʧ߷Χ֮ڣžҶĻеϢҲȫʧˣҶĻʧ㵼ͷʨŭ޴йһɤӡ
ٺ٣Ҵǵǵ;пŲ֪ӹ˶ٴΣЩŽ޶޷ҵټ˵һСС߽ˡ
ʱҶĻһʯĺ͵Цš
һӣӣӡ
ڣʮԺͷʨѰҶĻټ̤Żزһһ17ŵȥˡ
ˣգա
ֱʨʧԼ߷Χ֮ʱҶĻһ
ʨȽҪö࣬ҶĻΪԼֻһһϷУǿ㹻άĻģ˿̿ʨһҶĻ̴ڴڵĺ
ȱʹתŵʹҶĻĺǳ١
ﲻܾ֪ղ᲻뿪
ԽָóһöָǰµXD3ӪҺ֮ҶĻվֻһӵʱ˿̵ҶĻָȫʹתŵĺ֢Ҳȫʧˡ
߽ͬ׿ʨսνջķᣬһǹÿһǹҵԺжĸоʹ֮ǹɸоҵԺлûȫʧһ㡣
Ҳָ֪оҵԺͣãҸȫĵطָо
⣬ֻҶĻηɴ̱뿪17ŵ
Էɼ΢ĸоʧҶĻһ𲽱ʹȫ
һӹҶĻһ¥ĵҵ
ҪʧҪʧǧҪʧ
һţҶĻһ߿ʼõĸо
ģźüɴһͿ͸ָоȴ֣ǳ֡ӦŲԼԺеһоҶĻüͷһоʵ̫΢̫ģˣҶĻֻܸоһš
ɸоһ
ɼÿ˶ӵԼս֮ʱӵиʽͬңÿһս֮ʱҵЩĸı䣬Ҳˡ
νԼǱɽĸ״̬ɵʺϽܹ߷ӵ󻯵һǾ״̬״̬½߿ԷӳǿʵҲ־״̬ϵʹ֮
ԼǵĵһҵԼǣ־״̬ҵԼģǵһҲѵһҪ߳һսõѡ񣬲󲿷ֽȴ޷սҵԼĶҵ˵ȴٵġ
Ӧҵˣ⵽ʲôأ
Ҫĸܣżһһ
ڵϣҶĻһ֮ǰõֱɸоķʽתʼΪ
ģǷǳģֻ֪һɷǳ㣬㣬˵ջ񡣡
ݣô˵ģȻʧˡ
ͻȻҶĻоԼҪĿʱɲԺеĸоȴʧˡ
ݣھ֪ҵһһɷǳʲô֪üͷҶĻˣκôҲеջ֪һţ´ټɣһʱ䡣
ȻضǣټսڵĽȹٹұҵԼˡ
εҡҡͷҶĻ뿪ҳŶһ·񱼶ȥ֪˿ѾҪˡ

һƽҹڶ죬ͬһҶĻر˶شɢӪ֮С
ţǱôôˡ
һɢӪҶĻ㷢˴ˣ˿Щ˴඼ɢӪŶӡ
߽ѡ̧ͷһֻۣһϷһ첼д⼸֡
˵Ļٹһ¶ǵѡӦþͿʼˡ
ѡıڿʼǰһ½еġ
棬һţ¸µһűѡʼʱ䡣ҶĻ˿Լֱżһµʱ䣬ȺǱŰɡ
ҡҡͷҶĻ㳯ŲѯϵĵǱ˹ȥ
ǡ
Ȼһ㿪ҶĻ㷢϶һѡ
30½ʵаŵһ쾹Ȼͳ⣬湻ЧʵġüͷһҶĻû뵽ȻڱĵһŪˡ
˿ҶĻҲνаȤ㿪аҶĻ
üһѡǹѵģǰȻ߽׽ߡϣҶĻһ£תۼҶĻ˵ͷΪ˵ļϺ涼ע˼ͬĶ˶һѡǰʮ䶼29
ģⲻǡ
ͻȻҶĻһסˣΪνĵڽҽƴĻָҵмڴͻָصаӡ
ξ۷ǿߣսǵ30սΪḻĽߣͻߣ
Ȼǻͻߡ
һΣҶĻһμͬһĻͻߣڴ֮ǰҶĻ˵˭ǻͻĽߡ


112 
ߵĻͨ˵Ļ򾭹һԾǨ֮γɵģȻڽߵЩνűǻΪĴڡ
ŷָʽģе͵ţеٶ͵ţеǵеţЩνŲļʲҲͣƽÿߵбһνţͻĽȴͬ
ͻĽеţǹţѾλԾǨĴڣͻĹŲļȴܵͣ͵ˣͳƽÿ5000ߵвŻһͻĽߡ
֪ͻĽǶôϡУǰǺпҲֻҶĻһͻߡ
ҲΪͻߵļϡУҶĻһֱ˵ͻߵĴڣξȴһͬҶĻһĹš
һǿдҪڴ˴ѡո¶ͷǹЩѡ
˿ҶĻ뵽ıѡǿпɲöԸ
û취ˣҪѡʼ֮ǰ֮ҳΪ׽ߣȻĻҺпǰʮȥ
ٿûĸ֡
30µĽ߶֮ΪˣϾߵܳȻ30µĽʵôǿǿıǰλ߽׽ߣǶ29꣬ʣµİξ׽Ҳֻжʮ˰ˣагʮ֮ȫµǿߡ
аһ˵ȴҶĻЩȡ
Х۷ߣղ֮ԤʮܹΪ׽ߣʵǿսʤ׽ߣڰˡ
ƴʱһﾹȻŵ˵ڰˣʱпܻΪǿߡ
üͷںХҶĻЩˣһӾǺð£ǶλԾǨľǿڣѴѵģǵзţȻ˳˳ˮһ·쭣ҶĻ
ҶĻҲֻǶԼеüĿˣХȴѾ֮ʱпܻΪǿߡ
࣬ǲ࣬ҶĻķôʱ䣬ôǲ˼һλԾǨʵڡ
ҵ
ݣ49Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ԼҶĻһüͷҶĻĽҲǳļ򵥡
ҶĻ۷ǹսߣʵǿմתǡҶĻϣаһҲۣ·˼һ
֪аƼ30µнߵģűʮλҶĻϵȻ˹עˣǹעĻ϶ǰʮĴڡ
49ҲǶǵľҵʵµģҲãһ֮һƥ
ҡҡͷ̼ҶĻ㽫֮ԺˣʵƵΪֹҲֻм֪Ͳ˽ҶĻϣԽҶĻ49λҲ޿ɺˡ
ȥ԰ɣаһӻһֵ֮¼²аνǰʮмܹΪյǰʮأ
ʰԼ飬ҶĻ㿪ҳԼԵص㡣
4ɽ֣һȽϷҵҪ󣬽ȥ
΢΢һЦҶĻѡ˵طǾҶĻ׼ʱһȴס
ҶĻǰɡ
ŤͷֻҶĻĲԶվһӣһҶĻӣ쿴ҶĻͬʨս׽ߡ
ãҽꡣ˵֡
ãʲô𣿡
üͷҶĻʲô£ֲ̫졣
ģһͬԡ˵껹¶ڴɫҶĻ
˿˿һĻĻԻһһ׽߾Ȼһ׽ǰȥԣҳ⻹㡣
ԣ˰ɣʱûʱ䡣ʼҶĻǸ˵
׻˵ĺãվö߿öԶʱҶĻӵ׽ߵʵһǷǳǿʵҶĻȻȻĽԼ׽߷ͬһλãλ׽ҶĻȻûʲô»ǲȻĸоҪ˵ĻʵҶĻء
磬㻹ʲô˵ȥһְæ𣿡
ʱһŮӽҶĻ߷Χ֮С
ֻŮβ裬һɫս͸©һഺõϢһۿȥϲ
ŶСᣬһ£˵Ǹ֣ҶĻ˵ָҶĻ
塣
塭ҶĻһ£Ȼ벻һƯСȻǶ3025Ľߡ
ȻҶĻʶ嵫˼ȴʶʶҶĻ̬ҲôѺá
֣ûɣҲǸ֡˵廹¶һ˿мɫԣҶĻ׵ʵķۡ
Ҳû취ڳ˵׺׵Ĳʵ̫ˣϾ֮Ĳɲ弫޵Ĳ࣬Ĳ֮û֮ȫǹսҲһıҲΪ֡
СᡭϽקקԼõ·岻֪ҶĻʵȴ֪
磬ʲôҿǺͿˣҪȥɱĿ׵Ļޣһ׽߸Ϻȡüͷ廹ҪȰ˵ԼĴ硣
ޡ
ԭҶĻĳֻЩˣûдͬһȥԣϾҶĻڵҪҵԼǣ׬ǮΣӵвҶĻҪ׬ǮĻвһͻžŽǿߴ͡
˿еĻȴҶĻȤΪôʱҶĻҲֻɱһͷ޶ѣһ׵ģ޽ļ䳹ף׵Ļʵ֮ǿֱ׷߽ޣһЩС߽ΪʳҶĻܹһͷ׻սĻȻջСЩͨսҪõöࡣ
֣ǻ޵ĻǾͽҰɡ
΢΢һЦҶĻĻȰ˵
ǺǺǣҶֵҵȻ֮ãҶֵ㣬ǽ춨ȻܹնɱڸʹɫҶĻӦ̱ȭ˵ҶĻܹʱƴʨǿʵȻܹСİ
ȻҶĻӦˣˣȴ¶˳Ծɫ
ɣ磬һôйȥҲϺȰƾʵ޷նɱͷټһϺȵȥ˸Ǻ硣
һ˵廹һߵҶĻˮĴ۾ȴҶĻúǿɰ

˵֮ҶĻóˣ˴ɱע⣬賿һ˳ǣڱǱ߷һͷ׵Ļޣ˵˳Լñ㵽ɢӪˣԭҪһ׽ߣû뵽һű㷢ҶĻǺ˸ղŵһĻ꿴ҶĻʵɱͨ׽Ҫǿöࡣ


113 
ֻҷǳϡе޶ֻֻҪôֽ߱֯նɱϾǮأֵǮġ
귢ֻ޵λþҲ̫Զ˳˱֮һ·нԼʮҵʱ㵽˵ĵط
Ҷֵܣ
һԵɽʯϣָǰԶһƬ˵
һ඼Ľ׺׵ޣ޺٣ҽϾʱ͸оЩ֣ƬֵоȻûһֻޣںҾȥ鿴£û뵽澹Ȼһͷ׵ĻޣһĴЩĽ׺׵޵Ȼҿˣ˵ǣ޼׵Ļ޶ÿߡ
ҿ
˵ͷҶĻó߱ԶԶʼɨ
һҵʱҶĻ㷢Ŀꡣ
üһ׵Ļޡһ裬ҶĻԶеĻ޲ɵúëէ
׶ߣȥ߽׿ʨҪ׳˶壬쳣׳īɫͽɫۼףһжͷ޵ǿ󣬶ͷ޵ϻɢһƣͬڿʨİԵͷǿҰޱȵĿҰ֮С
ֻø߱ԶͷһҶĻоһɿҰϢֱϮԼԺ͵мﵽĳֵزҪı֡
磬е㲻һ۷Ļޣʵ߽޶˿ķһԵüͷԶ
߻һƿҿǻǻȥɡ
˵廹ʰ˶һҪضǵӡ
Сᣬˡǳһ䣬תͷҶĻ˵ôҶֵܣ۷Ļûаա
۷塭
˿ҶĻҲЩò׼ˣͷ޿ɲͨ۷ô򵥣ѾҪﵽĵزˣ˵İֻѾ̤߽ףһ޵Ļʵ̫ˣͷ޾ӵ߽׵ĵԼǿı̬ķ߽޶Ķ֡
һЩգһԡ
ƬҶĻͷ˵ҶĻóԼתǹҶĻɰ˽ױ޹ӵӵٶȺͨӵһĿ֮ȴͷųһɼǿҵĵɵڻ˵˺󣬵ȴܹʹû޵飬ʵࡣ
ҶĻΪʲôÿԼٵӵΪһа֣ǵĻӵõģϾе˲ҪģȻаֵ¾ͲͬˣͬԴȵĿжȻҶĻҲܹ׵ĻĿꡣ
ߣװģҶĻģﻻӵ岻˵ɲΪһ׽ֻܹ̤߽׵Ļʲôв
Сᣬ׼֡
֪ˡ
ҶĻ˵ԣԼõļ׼һ£֮Ҳֻˣ˿̵ȴ˲оܵ˼ҶĻİ

ӹҶĻ˵ͷ
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һ󵶱ɴܶͬʱһԵҲһ˳ȥͬ꣬һСɵĹʶ̽滹ɢĵ̹⣬ԣѶ̽ж
𡣡
޵Ʊ̬ĻȻҲ̳һ㣬øһͷޱ㷢ǵĴڡ
޵عأκεصﶼǵУҪնɱøոʱͷɢſҰ֮ƵĻޱ㳯ȫ˹нһնɱ֮ơ
顣
𻨷ɽֻǰ֮ûκԥֱ̧һն˻޵ϣԻ޵ϽͬҶĻһɱһһûжͷʲôƣֻǸոƿ˻޵ۼװˡ
Ԥϵһû˿Ļš
ಡ
һӰǰ壬ֻǰСɵĹʶ̽׼˻޵˿ڴһ
˿õϼֱƾ
ȴǳصģİֻѾ̤߽ףӵ߽׵ĵС
Ķ̽ӳ˲ͷޱо˲һƱ㽫꿳ϸ΢˿Ų˿Ķ̽˻޵ۼϣǻ𻨷ɽĶ̽ȴֻڻ޵ۼϻһ۰ˣûκ˺
ಣಡ
ϣּϣõһιȻŭ˻ޣڻ޹֮ǰѾֱ˦˳ȥ뿪˻޵ĹΧ
Ǻǣˡ
˿̶ԶҶĻ΢΢һЦеתǹš
飬飬飬顣
ûʹҶĻֱӿǹһ߱ҶĻһתƣ̼ҶĻ԰˸ͬƶ׼޴˰ǹǹҶĻҲ˾뻢ʮ׵ĵط
ͬҶĻԤϵһ㣬Լİǹȫ˹ȥûԼӲ

ҶĻİǹһֱŻ޳˹ȥеĴֱ޵˿ڴȥͬʱϼΪĬҲȥеĶֱ̽ͬͬһ·
顣
ǹٶһԵҶĻȵľᣬøһޱ㶯ڻ޶˲ҶĻǹҲˣһǹҶĻʹԼԤл޵Ρ
ಣ顣
ֻһޱܿҶĻĵһǹȻڶǹȴĽ޷ֻܿӲ
ûл𻨷ɽֻһ컢޵ϱһһָѪӵѾȫû˻޵ڣѪ˳Ż޵һһ¡
ʲôĹҲֻܹƻ޵ķ׵ƿȻһǹܹȫƿ޵ķһǹЧΪԾı塣
׵Ĺֹ׵ĳ̶ȣ׵ҲΪףжϻ޵Ķģĵֻ׵ĳ̶Ȱˡ
ͬ𾪣ҶĻȴЩˡ
Ȳӵͷ˼⵱Уûжɶ˺ЧӦá
֣õӵױĹͷġ
ҶĻһк֮¶ϲɫҶĻһ仰˼Ȼף˿̻޵жѾܵơ

ƿĴ󵶳Żֱֱն˹ȥ
Ȼ˿̻޵ļ״̬жԵسٻ״̬õĻҪܿһ׾٣ʱޱܿһȴԵüΪǿĴ󵶲
ҡ
һ󽿺ֳͬϵļΪĬȻվеĶ̽תֱѪĵطȥ
顣
𻨷ɽһȻ˻޵ۼϡ
һӵȻֻжֵʱ䡭


114 ɱ
ͷ޵ǿѾҶĻԤϣð˽ױĹͷӵ֮Ҳֻжӵʱ䣬ЧǳĲԡ
ԽǿҶԾԽа֣ƴһѡ
һ裬ת˲֮ҶĻ˾ҶĻһĴָСĽҺС
ÿ
һҶĻһüΪԾľٶ
ֻҶĻһ˲Ȼֱӳͷ޳˹ȥҶĻȻͻ޽ս
עþһֶνй
˿ѾתŵпҶĻֱֱ̧㳯Żǹ˹ȥ
תŵǿһתҶĻʻһ˲ﵽǰ1.5ҵĳ̶ȣټҶĻʱ㼫ǿһ˲ҶĻƾܹһЩոս߽׵Ľˡ
飬顣
ǹתŵ״̬ҶĻһǹȫŻϵȥ
ʱǹٶȻҪԶţټҶĻóԼͷ۷Ļ޼ӵ߽׵ĵк쳣ǿٶȶҶĻĹҲЩܲϾҶĻͷ޵ľʵ̫ˡ
ڣڡ
ת˲仢޵ϱָѪѪٴ˳Ż޵ۼ
һĻһԵѾסˣҲû뵽ҶĻȻӵǿʵü޲ߵĻ޾Ȼһ˲㱻ҶĻϿѪ
֡
Ϊֳ귴Ӧ죬ҶĻӵոջл֪ˣӵĵ´˿̵Ļ޻飬ʵһ˲½࣬Ƕֵĺʱ
顣
𻨷ɽӵ˻޵֮ͷųĵʹûһʱ֮ǶվԭӲһļҲʹû޷ķĴ󵶿ڻ޵֮󲻽ƿۼ׸ڻ޵һһ۳Ѫۡ
ಡ
Ӱ壬Ϊ׽ߵս˿еĶ̽һն㻮˻ϵ˿ڴֻ̽ĻѪ˿̾ͱɫѪҺҲɫɼǰѶ̽Ķ֮ǿһ㡣
𡣡
ҵĶʹûֱӴ˳һɼŭԻ޵Ժг֣ɷŭֻԵļҲָԭ״һɼ񱩵Ի޵ɢ˳Ȼ߽ͬ׿ʨһ壬ǿȴ˿ѷɫͷ߽׵Ŀʨ
ŭˡ
ҶĻ̱֪޷ŭˣһͷŭҰʵҪƽʱǿö࣬˿ͷޱˣȫ֮ͻȻһء
ಡ
ڹֻͷηɴܣڽۼ˸һ˿âһ˲仢ޱҶĻǰͬʱǳ˱צҶĻͷֱֱ˹ȥһޱȿҰ֮ҲҶĻѹ˹ȥ
û֮ʼ޷ִľѹޣɿҰ֮ѹҶĻû˿ĲʣûвʣҶĻǷ¶һ˿΢Ц
ಡ
΢ⱩҶĻչԼʵ粽ҶĻһתܿ˻޵צ
飬顣
˻޵צ֮ҶĻûκԥֱӳŻ޵ǹ
ȻһҶĻȴ¶˳ԾɫΪ޸ûκܵĶֱӲҶĻӵ
һ˲ָѪ˻޵ϣȻһױӵȴûκãȫױɢǿҵ׳˶ǰצٴγҶĻ
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ҶĻһצķɣһԵ̴˿еĴ󵶳Ż޵ͷ­ֱϮȥ
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գգ۾弫Ϊ𾪵˵ҶĻȻڹؼʱԼǡ

˿ҶĻҲ˹ѹ֮ҶĻȴڴڵĴ˴˿ҶĻѾľˣһ˿ʣҶĻȴںЩҶĻڷŵһǹС
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ڶֱǿУҲһַʽзűӵǿǡ
ҶĻһǹΪǵԭ򣬸ոǵ˲ҶĻֻʣԼɱǣǱҶĻȫһ˲ɱǱǿ˺üټҶĻ׵ĵԲŻһǹͬҶĻΪʱļ״̬һ״̬
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巨Ƕȫλĳǿ̼˵ĻòҪƣҺпܻ°ˣҶĻ⼸ôżҲҽƴ巨ꡣ

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ϸȥĻͻᷢҶĻ˫ȺһЩϸ΢ĹؽڴͬһЩԱĲ࣬ҶĻϥǹǵĻҪ˴һ㣬ҶĻĽױҪϸһЩҶĻָĳɹ
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ͬʱǵҲһͬ߳˼ųųĵɢӪȥעһӡ

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ҶĻǰֻϼƬĴ˶λԾǨĳǿߣӲ
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118 ̭
ӲʹȫĻԼ֮˲佫ҶĻɱҶĻȽ߾ضûС
ȰɣɢӪ֮е֮ҲǺǰŪģҲӦǵһصĿ顭
˫ۣҶĻԭأʱһ쳣֮ҶĻչ˳ҶĻɱ֮
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󣬾ͺĺһ㣬ҶĻһӴӲ֮оԼǵ˴֮Уޱ޼ʵĺûˣûκεķء
˿ҶĻҪıԼ֮ͬƬ󺣽жԿֵԽҶĻõıԽࡣ
һӣӣӡ
һת۱ȥСʱ˿ɢӪ֮ѾٶˣЩ˵еԼ֮ͬӲ֮ԿţеһܵҲеǲ֪ǺãЩ˲ܹӰ쵽ҶĻľҶĻԾɱ˫۾
˿ҶĻĶͷȴ˺ҺҶĻۣϾСʱʱҶĻһֱԼ֮ͬӲ֮Կţûʹ˿ǴʶĶԿҶĻȻˡ
䡣
ȻҶĻоһ֮漴ҶĻ˫ۡ
һ˫ҶĻͽļɱֵ֮ͬӲ֮ѹ˲һ룬˿ҶĻĿȴѾɢӪһϡ
ʮҵͣһͷɫ鷢һӣְʽļ⣬˫֮ɢֻпս֮ŻӵеĿ⣬ǶǵжĻͻţξ
˿ξһһ߽ɢӪĴҶĻڣɢӪе˶˹ҽĿ⼯еϡ
Ϊǲͣɢ֮ҶĻܹʮĸоξս⣬Ϊս⣬֮
սͬҶĻǰɱĻһ㣬սѾ˼ףڵξֻѾ̤߽ס
Ȼ˿֪ڶ¥ϵľǿߺӲȴ˫ۡ
˫۵ĺӲȤĴսⰻȻξ
ǸϼһеĹ𣿲ǳӲξһʮָߵۣǳ
ѾǺܸߵˣΪӲ˶λԾǨľǿڣκţжһϾλԾǨѶȰأЩνмܹͻһͨɽǻͻĹҲֻͻһͨɽļʱͨ߸һЩˣɺܵ͡
ܹӲΪǳѾǺѵõˡ
ξ֮ǱߵСһҲ˵ð˵źӲĿ׼ҶĻͻߡ
ＸĻͻ߾Ȼڶǵѡг˼һ˻û
һҶô죿ԭҪҶһѷͷڿЩΣˡ
ˣԼİɣȻӵȴﲻһøѾˣʣµľͿԼˡ
˵Ӳٶȱ˫ֻۣǾϵǹ֮ɱš
ӲŵҶĻ˵ĻȻһΪҶĻôûܹһۿƵĴڣӲȴˣȻһҶĻǲ֪ġ

һһߵ˴еһ漴ξ˫ۣǹɰսȴɴڣ˿ξͬҶĻһԼ֮ͬӲ֮жԿ
ǿξ֮𣿾Ȼǿô࡭
üͷҶĻû뵽ξ֮Ȼǿ˵ز
ҶĻܹĸоξĵֻǴ׺߽֮䣬Ҳ˵ڵз沢ûʲô츳ξչֳ֮ȴҶĻҪǿ̫ˣξ֮ҶĻĸоͺһ߽۷ǿߵ֮һ㣬ǿ
ǣǿǣս˶սһУܹսͣĥԼǣΪս˵սʱЩҪض࣬Ȼĥ𵽵ЧҲҪõö࣬սһ𵽵൱սá
ͱܹӵǣ׾˶ٴս˲䡭
˿ҶĻһһɽһɽߡ
ͬԾĻҵʤжأ
ǣǿö࣬ԼٶȺŲһǿҲһϾĿɲһˣ⼸ͬҲ˵
оΪս˵ԴһһҲûƣսΪֹҲû˵ʲôս䣬Ҳ鲻ʲôսǳء
˵ͬս֮ʱпֻƣս߽׵ĵУпҲֻƣ֮ޱȷḻս顣
ⶫû
ԭأҶĻͣطڵԼսʤξļʣҶĻôֻ忪ڲ֪ξƵҶĻûа취óĽۣս֮ʱ˲Ϣ䣬ʱпܻᷢ⣬һ˭Ҳ֪֡
һΣҶĻһξԼпûһͬ׵ǿߡ
ңĲңһǿǲҲ
ԼҶĻƽ˻ҵ飬漴һĨŵɫҶĻ˲ҶĻָš

ʰŵҶĻһοʼͬӲ֮ĶԿʱ俪ʼš
12Ӳʱ޿ɢ֮ʧˡ
˿ɢӪĴ֮һ߰ٶߣ֪˴αμѡĽһǧˣȻܹסӲ߽֮ȴֻ߰ٶˡ
߰ٶ˵ȻѵҲֻʣ˰ʮˣʮ֮ŵĽ߶ûڴпסӲǳĸСʱ֮ε˹ȥ
˵ЩεȥĽ߶Ѿ̭ˣܹμӴ˴ѡεıЩѵˡ
һϣѡ̭˽ǧˡ


119 ɱ
֮еѡеĺܿ죬ǲһʱҶĻںӲǳĸСʱ֮ѹ·ǳƣϾĸСʱʱҶĻһֱԼɱ֮ͬӲ֮Ӳûù
ҶĻɲ˷һξѵᡣ
ĸСʱұܹоԼһ˿
Ц¶оԼһ˿ҶĻǸˡ
ҶĻ㽫Ŀת˴֮С
ʱ֮ѵҲֻаʮ˶ѣʣµĶ˹ȥȻʮȴŲ
еͬҶĻһһϲеǺƸոϴһʪ͸ˣֱſϣѾҪ赹ȥˡ
Щ˵ȴĸΪͬ
аǰλ߽׽ߺ͹ξ
˿˶ǾԭأϵĺˮҲԣһۿȥܹ֪ҶĻ֮ͬĲࡣ
Ȼֻ֮ĲˣʵϵĲ໹ý֪֮

飬飬顣
Ųֻһֱڶ¥ϵĺӲվ
ʮ֮ڵ¶ϣ˵ḽ̌
Ӳ֮ûκһ˵ӲӰʧ˵ǰɢӪе˶ûзֺӲʧģǺӲŻվǵǰ

ͻȻںӲθոʧ֮ʱһ󾢷ˡ
ξֻξһ㳯ɢӪ¶ڴ񱼶ȥ
䡣
ξ֮ɢӪ֮лİʮȫȫŵ¶ڴ˹ȥ
ɢӪĵ¶ģ²شģڶ߱ԵĵطȻǽֵֹġ
¶շѳأҲܶ࣬ѡɢӪĵ¶ѱգҶĻܵ¶֮ʱֻ๤ԱվڶߵĿȴϯ̨ϡ
˿ϯ̨һˣվߵǾǿߺӲվһٽӣͬǵĶ˷һǶǾ쵼ˣվұߵҶĻȴʶ
һŴУɫ԰׵ӣӸ˵оһһ㣬Ķ
ǵѡһ֮ȫЩһʱǰʮվϯ̨ϵλٽؿˡ
˵˴ѡڵĹ򡣡
һΪأһǼսʱɱ֣вѡ߿ս;䣬һȣͬʱҲ̭
ڶΪԾԶԾķʽյǰʮһصĹͬһһ
λٽĻ·İʮλŽ߱ը˹һʱ伸˵϶¶˳Ծɫ
ʱɱ֣һ仰ʹˡ
֪ǣǲشϰһɣ֮ڲöֹ֣֮ɱȻ˿λٽȴ˵Ļ
Ϊһѡڶ֮ɱܲ𾪣ξҲ⣬ϾҲǵһβμѡתۼξλս˱¶˷ܵɫ
ȻҲɫƽЩڶβμѡεĽ߱ûʲôоΪѾһΡ
ྲڶ߲ۣͣվϯ̨ϵٽ̴һ䡣
Ȼǿ߱ǿߣһȹȫ
һֱֹ֮以ɱΪҪǰȥɱ޶ɱڲͬ
Ҫ֮ѡγΪߣȻ߱ǴɱеĴڣߵְȫȥսȥɱҪѡΪĽȻҪΪֶΣɱֻܹѡߡ
ԸμӵĿ뿪һӵĿʱ䣬һӹûѡ˳Ľ߼̽лս˵λٽ㲻˵ˣֻǾؿˡ
žʱ˿̰ʮ߶Ĭˡ
˳
ͻȻֻһӾԼ֡
˻¶ǺˮվԵЩѣȻںӲ֮ѹ˵Ѿľˣʱѡ˳ǳȷΪʹһЩҩָҲпܻ
ʵʮλߵ״̬ڶߵʵ˵״̬ܲʵڰʮ˵ȻҲǵ׵Ĵڡ
Ҳ˳
˳
¿ͷѣҪ˳Ĩӣ˸һڱн߿ˡ
һ
һӵʱ侹Ȼʮ߶ѡ˳ǲ
Щѡ˳Ľȫ״̬õĽߣ֪֮µȻǿߣԼŵǿߡ
ȻˣǾͿʼɡ
ޱĿ˿µʮߣλٽƽ˵
ǣǣǡ
λٽĻֻĵͻȻ˿Ӧǵȥ
ʮ󣬶һʮף򳡵һ޴ĽӶ
һۿȥҶĻܹȷӶóģPR1źϽģ֮ҲֻжǲŻݳ޵顣

սصĳµڶȫͬһ
˶óһЩţ˵ܹ˲ָĶϾսһСľпܻɥֻ״̬ȥ̶ܹȵı֤Լİȫ
ڶߵĶϯ̨ϵҲû˵ʲô
ҩҲʵһ֡
˶ȥɡ
λٽһʮλ½˴֮С
16սʱ䲻ޣڿʼ

䳡һ˲PR1źϽĿӶмžޱȣλٽȻ˿ʼȴûκһ߸жʮȫվԭأ˶ڻۿŶԷ
Ͼ̭ս˭ȶ˭üʾʹ
ǺǺǣû˶𣿡ͻȻվڽξЦȻǾɡ
䡣
ֻξûóκαȻֿȭĳžĽߺ˹ȥһǿҵľ类ȭͷͬʱһɼǿսֿȫѹ˹ȥ
顣
ʱܹվĽ߶ǶԼŲʵ׵ĴڣξһȭȻͣȴҲǳصģһ߱ξǼΪҵһȭ
ֻһξȭͷҵPR1źϽ棬һ˲PR1źϽһ󶴡
ٺٺ١
ٺһЦξƺһ㣬ǽξĶȴڶȫüͷΪһƷһͬʱ߿񹥶ȥûȥһȭߡ


120 ոտʼ
顣
ֻξĸȭ㱻еıֵȴԾǺ˺ü
սˣȻܹڲʹñ˲׽ߡҶĻССľһҲ֪ξ⻹⣬Ȼһ֣һ֮ƽ
һܹڶߵһǿһսʼô߶ѡȥ
һǾɣ¿ͷѣξʺŻսܿҪʼˡ
ȻͬҶĻһ㣬ξ֮ڶȫüͷŵڶֵ˱ˡ
ಡ
һֱһֱִ޵Ľ߾ֱӳžԼĽ߷˹
䡣
ڶ˶֣Ҳͱ־Żսʽʼ
λ߻Ӷֱ޵˲ʮλҲͬʱֻеıߡ
ʮӵʱڶ߱ҳһţÿ˶óԼıʼսҶĻҲ⣬ҵ쳹¶
Ȼʮߵȴ⣬ڶβμѡ߽׽ߣһβμѡʱǰʮ츳ʵΪף֮ǵʵֵ˺ֵزڶǶֻܽв²⡣
ϼһ˵߽׵Сǰ𣿡ʱվϯ̨ϹۿĺӲȤ˵
һ˵λٽɵҡҡͷ
СǰѡϱȡǰʮĳɼǸǴﵽ߽۷ĳ̶ȣԱʵ˶Ȼܹ´˴ѡεǰ
˵ˡ
˫ۣ˿λٽȻĿⶢҶĻξϡ
λٽΪǾȨߣȻҲ˶λԾǨľǿڣӲܹóҶĻĵƣȻҲܿó
˴ѡͻߵļ룬δ֪λٽΪǿҲ޷
ѡͬ˵˵˵ͷӲҲΪͬп˶޷ǰսǡ
ͻߣڳǵҶӡ
Ӳ㲻˵ˣֻǾؿ·ڶǡ

˿·Ѿҳһţڶ࿰ŵĽǶڻ๥ţûκһ˻飬ÿ߶ҪʮһˣΨִܳһѱҪԼ
ȻȴмԵΪɣҶĻ֮һ
ֻҶĻ˿һ΢ЦϷˣһߣϷˣ
ͬҶĻսһλִˣ˻׳˶ͷҶĻҪö࣬һ֪͵Ľߣ˵ϻһ֮һ׽ߡ
Ȼλ׽ҶĻʱȴԵüΪΣһҪĳ嶯
Ϊ޷ҶĻĸǶȹҶĻܹΪ㿪ҶĻʼնûгֻ֣ǲͣĶĹ˿ҶĻϷˣ
ɶ쵰Ǵðģ߽׵ĵУĲ߽ǿߵٶȣΪǰڶǶû˵һ΢ЦҶĻλüͷŲɣֱ޼۴κνǶԽŲܣЩܶƾ޷
û취ˣټһȥĻҺпܻᱻ͵Ϯ

漴ûκԥתһ˹ȥȥҶĻˡ
ȻˡҶĻҲͣ˽Ų
ҵɹǳ밡еŲڶѧҸ߽޵ŲƳģûоĻʩչȻһʩչȴ˱̬ƹĪ⡣
һͨ׽ȫΪ֮޷ҡ
΢΢һЦҶĻԼɹǳ⡣
Ҹԡ
תֻҶĻһ˲ܵһߵ߲Ŀ˵ļ
˵߲ҶĻͳˡ
˿̻ҵĿӶоôĴڣҶĻһҹξһλƵĺХһһֱûж߽׽Ҳ㣬м鼫ΪɵĽߡ
ԣЩ˵ʵʮ˵жٮٮߣǰʮѡιƾ֮չģʣЩƴսĽʵǰʮ󼸸
Щ˺ܴͬҶĻ⼸ʵǿ֮ʱֻμб˿Ѱ֣ǲͬҶĻξǿģϾ˶ܿóӶеʵֻ
¿ӶеսеҲܿ죬̶̶ʮʱеһ߾˰졣
ϷվĹԱְǽЩٰĽ߾ȳͬģЩҲ̭ˡ

ʮս
ʱӶлվֻʣ16ˣϵ17߽ߵʬ塣
սͬʱ17ŽκȥǣҲκ˻ΪǵеϧΪԼľ

һ󼱴ٵĺ𣬻վ16ߵֻҶĻ⼸ʵǿ֮ޱ飬ûģ߶ʼ˴ʮӵĻսʹǺۣۡ
벻С椾ȻܹŵڣʵҲǿ˫ۣҶĻ˿ڲϴվһŮӣŮ塣
˿ɫ΢죬ϲ˵㺹ˮԣ˲١
ȻҶĻڿ岻ɵֱͦҫƵصҶĻһۡ
ʵܲϧڽսԡսŸոտʼ̾˿ҶĻףʵпܾ͵ΪֹˣսڲŸոտʼ
תۼҶĻֽĿ׼һŮӡ
16˵ֻŮģһ壬һҶĻڹ۲Ůӡ
Ůһͷ糤Ƥǹ⻬ƶһ㣬һˮĸоҲܾһֻ֮۾еСˡ
ȻŮӵȴҶĻЩϲ
ǴҹʣȻսʱ㡣
ഺ͵ģŮϵȴ˪͵ģһ겻ĺһ㡣
Ȼ˵ⶫͽߵйأͬԼƢҲѲ˸ϵɼŮӱƢˣ䡣
ҶĻȤȴŮӵııһѳȴͨĳһѴֱ֮ǰʢĹʽ
ֳսԼǵʹõ˺٣һ٣սǺ͸ǵĽʹõ඼ǾƼ׷ɱǳҲˣϲʹֽ
ŮӵʵҲܲף˿վ˺΢Щ֮ⲢûʲôʣҲĵĲࡣ


121 ξս߽
ҶĻڴˣ˿վ16߶ڻŶԷϾսѵս
ܹվĸûмˢӣ˶Ҫ̽һֵ̽ĵϸս֮ʱҲӦ
ȻҶĻͺХϵĿȴģû취˭ҶĻͺХǰûڶ¶أ14˶û˵ҶĻͺХ֣Ǹûκ˽⡣
ҶĻҶĻڷŵս֮иûгֻ֣֪Ķǳǿһǹսߣ֮νһ֪
ХҲ˶٣һսʱԵüΪ⣬ûóʵ
ʣµ14֮ٻЩ˽ģϾһֱǶǵˣǲ֪ԷĵƣǴһЩԼСϢҲƲԷĴʵ

ȡ໥۲֮ʱվ̨ϵٽˣܺãھʣ16ˣҪеǵսȾǰپȻ嵽ʮ
սԽ޹ɸѡһ˵ֳڴĻôҪսıǣȽսó
λٽĻ˶üͷΪʵ̫ӵˡ
ȡսķʽսĻ˭ܲԸ⡣
߽׽ߣǺ¸һʼ˶Է߽ǿ߶սȻһ˲̭̭߽ǿ߿϶ǺǰԵˣҲûа취ᣬֻȥ嵽ʮ
ҶĻξҲЩģӵ
ЩʵõĽҲܵģĵһԾ̬
һɻΪʲôᶨֹɡʱ̨ϵλٽֿˡ
Ҳʵһ֣ϴЩʵƽӹƽӹȴĳɹߣڽ߶ҲҪ
ܹõһľʵĻЩûʲôأ
λٽһڶ߰
ȷʵҲʵһ֣ӵܹõһľǿʵĻٺõҲǰ״˵ͷҶĻλٽĻͬ
ҶĻҲΪԼûжõһʵ෴ҶĻԼʵǳţλ߽ǿҶĻԾɻӵгš
ͬҶĻһξλսҲӵгš
ھͿʼɡڶ߶˵ʲôˣλٽ˵
ϯ̨ĴĻһ˵ֱ档
ξơ
ֳֵ˲ʮλ߶һȻȴͬ
ξ˵ˣһ˷ܣ˶ֻҪܹսҸġ
ȻȴˣΪȻξ̬
Ҳգսɡҡҡͷ˿ӶС
ξĴ٣㱻֮ΪǶǵĵһţҿûǸʸӵƺŰɡ
̧ͷξû¶˿µɫһЩڴС
ٺٺ١
ٺһЦξɫƽƵĶ档
߽ǿߣǰ߽ͬǿ߶սնɱ߽ǿߣɲͬһѡǰʮŽߣұ۵ߵһһǹսߣͬսһ˷ܡ
߽׽еһһǹս
ϻ˵һûǰսǣһҶȻҪȥսͬǿ߽һ
һ˵šһ߽ԼתǹУתǹͬҶĻģеǽսɢתǹ
ɢתǹʹ÷ʽȫȻͬǹľۼֱۣҷҲǹźܴĲ𣬲ȴǹҪö࣬ʺұΪŽߡ
óͬʱξҲóԼֻξұϵĻһˣξҲӵпռ䴢豸
ڿξ˲ҶĻȴɵһ㶣ΪξȻһ˫ִ󴸣һѺһ㶼ƥ
֪ξҲֻ1.75ңҲֺƸְһļ⣬ûʲôͷڽߵоַǳСͣȻȴǾ޺Żʹõ˫ִ󴸡
顣
ڵϷһƵPR1źϽƵĵҲҵЩݡ
üһһֱ˵ξʹõǴ󴸣Ѵ󴸵жذվϷһ߲˳
֪Ҳֻ˵ĴأжؿֻԼ֪һü˵Կ϶һ飬Ѵ󴸷ǳأPR1źϽǳİӲȻ˵ȻڵϱܹPR1źϽҵðݿ⡭
˵ôʲôãξ̬ʵҶ֪ȿսɡʱ˪Ů˵
Ůһ˵ڶһνĿ⼯е·
ҶĻҲʮϸĶ·ҪͬΪͻߵξӵкʵ
䡣
һںսʽʼ
ֻƶ˵ξһǹͬʱ߽۷ǿ֮Ҳӵӵϡ
ٺ٣
Ǵݵı飬׵һǹξɫûκα仯
ಡ
ˣξˣֻǰڶߵĴ󴸺һ鶹һ㱻ξʮɵľξһ㳯ƿǹķλ˹ȥͬʱһɼǿĳս֮ξϱ
䡣
һҵ˲䴫ÿ˵ĶУֻξֱӺ˿һȻƵһǹȴӲ
ҶĻȴЩˡ
֣ԤƵĽԤеġüͷҶĻԽĲˣĵֻǴ׺߽֮ĳ̶ȶѣûа취Ԥ߽۷ߵĹѵ
Ӧòǣͻ߲ļʱͺСͻӵͬļʸ޽ӽ㣬һ취
ҶĻξԤУξ
Ƶһǹǿ߽۷ʼߵֱоƪǹսķɣ֮ƵһǹҶĻҪǿϼ֣ξȴƾһѴ󴸾Ӳǰ˵Ĵξоû˿һ㣬ɴ˿ɼξжôֻ̬׵Ľ߶ѡ
ˬ
һӲһǹξ¶ʮˬı顣
ߣղֻǿθ˰ˣսŸոտʼ
䡣
ڵĺٶֻһ̧һǹ
ͬһξʮֵԤƵһǹ󴸳λ˹ȥҪӲƴһ㡣
䡣
ǴڵĺֻξĴ󴸸ոսӴӵ˲Ʊһǹξ˹ȥ


122 

һĴЦξԤеƵĹһ㣬ͬӵӲƴĺֻξηˣ˲ܹƵĶ
˿ξһϷڶȫûκβŲɣֻսöֵֵܿĹֿԺһսķʽҲֻξſ˲ʩչ

ξú˺֮ʱķߣֻξ֮ʱѾֻʣ˼ѡ
˫۷ξ˫۹ĶеĴ󴸳ֱӱ˹ȥ󴸴ľվϷҶĻҲܹʮĸо
ɶһٶȣǷӦ߽׸֣ԤкӲҵĹȫǲˡ
üͷǰ˵ξֻ֮һֱЩмˣϾҲţұ۵ߵΪ߽۷ǹսʵ漸Ц߽ǿߡ
ŸһƱоξǿξǹԤξĸ涼߽۷ߣǼΪֲ
ಡ
˼ά˲תһֻһɲǵĹˣ˿ξĴ󴸲Ÿոյͷ󴸴ǿѹѾƵϡ
䡣
Ϊ߽۷ŽôܻᱻξһξһѱõԤˡ
ֻûκֱ̧ұ۶׼ξĴ󴸱һǹ
һƵĹǿξһ˿˷˵ĽƴȻʤһξһǹýĲ
սپһǻͻߣ֪ʲôơ
һ裬Ѿټ̽ξˡ
䡣
һ˲䣬һɼǿƵ֣ͬʱƻԭͼΪ׳˶ļ⾹ȻٴαһȦ
ƸһʹǱܱҪ֮˲ξ
ˡ
̧ͷƵ˵
һƵαʧԭأٴγʱѾξǰһ˲չֵٶҲǷŵ1.3
䡣
ûκԥ̧һǹ㳯ξǰ˹ȥ
룬ǱܱߵұһǹĹԴﵽ˰˽׽ߵĳ̶ȣ˵ξһ۷ˣһ˽׵ıսҲֵס
Ʋûɱ֣ξǰͷڵĿƼˮƽһ߼ǰᴩֻҪμʱôΣա
ô¡
е죬ڿǹ˲ЩԾΪξϳһ˿Цݣһ˿սЦݡ
䡣
Ĵɻȴ۶Լ֮עǹС
ֻһڵĺƵĹѾξǰء

䳡׵䳡һǹ˶ɵˣԼڡ
˿һվԭأĿǰξ
ȻҶĻͬɴ˫ۿξ嵽ǡ
ҶĻʮλȫΪԾĿξ
һﵽǹƷŵһǹһ˽׵ıսҲ޷Ӳ
ﰡѵͻ߶ǹ𣿡
Ȼֻôһˡ
ξƵһǹ
˿ξǰʮ߸ƵȫһȻӵ壬ȴüǿмסˣֻּᷢһЩ̬ϵȴξϣֻһ۷ߡ
ܣܣ㷽ͬһʩչǱܱ⡭վԭأʵǲԼʹǱܱȫһȻֻһ۷ô˺
ʲôܡξ΢΢һЦϳһʮԺı飬ҿǻͻĹŽߡ
ÿһͻ߶ӵһ֪ҵʲô𣿡
üͷƲξ˵ʲôΪǻͻߵҲӵĹЧַͲһ͵ġ
ҵԼǰĹһһİ˳ξʮƽ˵ĻͻõҲ֪ʲôֻ֪ҵǿ󡣡
ҵߵ
ԣüͷƻЩ⡣
ߵȻܱ̬ӦúξǱ̬ķûʲôϵɡ
Ǻǡ΢΢һЦξԼؿڣ˭涨ͻõӦ;أ
ߵ弼ʲôЧʩչǱܱʲôЧԼɡ

չ⻰֮ҶĻ˳˼С
ԭˣֲһӵǿķͨߵ弼ĻôõǿҲͨ弼࣬ͬģʩչǱܱĻõͷӦҲͨߵࡣ
ټǼȰ˽ǿߵ֮ķȷƱ̬
Ȼַʽչôҵء
һʱҶĻ˳˼УһֱҶĻֻǽԼһ̶ֹĵƣδԼĳЩչҶĻһ˼θΪԼ

ͻߣǺǺǡվ·ξĽֱӿЦ䡭
ҡҡͷһ˵ԣףսѾûмȥıҪˣǿһҲκβξǼսȥĻֻȡ裬úá
Ȼ˿̲һĽξǿʵվϯ̨ǱߵĺӲҲЩȡ
ϼһСӼֱǱŸո󴸵ξӲȵ˵ͻߵǧٹ֣ʲôпܻ֡
ͨߵԣϸ˵ӦһֽΪϲĵСȴܹ˺ʹӳԶһЩСˡ
λٽӲĻȴһҡͷС츳սʶԶǾɶλԾǨļʷǳһҲòϣȻԸȴ
ǻͻĵƣлͻ߶ὫԼԷ֪ãֱӽԼ͵ƹˡ
ǵһĻ˵ֻõȫ˽Լô˲ܹҵԼ㣬ͬʱԼҲܶǿԸ񡭡
˿λǿڶξԸҲһΡ


123 ˼
ξԸԼΪʺϽߵģȴӵмΪԵ㣬ֻҪ;ز۳Ϊһǿߡ
ȻҶĻͬξԸȴȫ෴˵ξһսӵĻôҶĻԱһ׼ͨԣҶĻһж
ҶĻΪʲôҪǿΪһˣһҰģҪվڽ˸ˣһҰȫٷ֮ʮϵ˶УҶĻֻΪԼҰĸжһԱˡ
ٱҶĻս⣬ҶĻϲսΪ룬ҰûһëǮϵսҶĻֻԼϽ˵·ˣԼʵҲһ
ξأһֻ֪սԼʵԷˮΪȥս˵ȫ෴ˣһǷ̬һͨ˵̬

ֻǰĶĶҲӦȫհüͷһ壬ҶĻ˲˹ʱҶĻѾһЩ
ǰܵЩ̫ˣԴҳΪ˽Ժǲϵȥʲôʲô˸ǿıģĽǰЩ𣿡
ҵôһֱڸʽûȥϸоҵֻսԸͲ˽ξֱڴ֮ͥ½ԼĻ֪ʲôʱܾ
ҡҡͷһ˲ҶĻ˫֮һ˿ĹâҶĻԼµĹ滮
ʵҲܹҶĻϾҶĻûʲôָһ;һֱҶĻģӲ˵ҶĻʦĻֻ갷ɵĴˣ갷ȻһͻĽߣȴû뵽ҶĻҲǻͻĽߣϾͻ߲ļʵ̫Сˣ갷ɸҶĻĴ֮ҲûйڻͻˣȻֻʵҶĻҲûзԼ߱չԡ

ಡ
Ų΢Ѿξһ˵ԣξ֮ҶĻȴܹԵĸо߽׽ڼ˶üͷ
ξչֵʵʵ̫ǿˣڳڶ߶ûаܹսʤ
ϧϧʵܲ²ӣξһϧĶ˵ǷżսȥĻҼóȫҲҪһʱܹܣϧ㾹Ȼֱˡ
ѵ㲻֪жսһ˲ˬ𣿡
ξıԹҲֻ΢΢һЦû˵ʲôΪ֪Ӽ˸û͡
֣֣֡
˵𾪹𾪣ѡҪģξո֮ʱĻǱ̼߱˵ֳ档
Х
ָһҶĻ¶˾ϲɫںХλӸҶĻһֱǺ棬Ҫ֪ΪӲλǿ߶ӵĺХӵкεʵ
Ҳ¶˽ΪȤɫû취˭úХǶİء
ҪͬХսķȴΪΣԺХһ˽ⶼûУսĻȻҲܱʵ16ߵҲǺǿŵһս˷󲿷
糬
ε̾˿Իóܹ˲ָСҩ£ս֮С
Ǻǣôɥô˵ҲѡǰʮеһԱĶ棬Хʮֿ˵ĻҶȻгɾ͸С
ХŸһڱöķ˲ĸоΪХʵ̫ˡ
ҲգܹҵĻ;ɡܹΪ16˵еһԱҲţȻҲӵΪŵĽ

һƿ𣬷óֻһ޹ĳޣڷǳսеڶֵĽߡ
ѳڷкһһ㣬ֻһڿһƵҲ
˿վϷ˲֪޵Բһ㣬ҳʱǺϡٵܹʹõĶмˢӡ
ޣټ΢΢һЦХһ㶼һ㡣
ಡ
ƿ𣬺ХҲóԼͬҶĻһμХһ㣬Хذף˿̺ХеذѾˣѴʵذס
Х֮Ϸڶ߶ⳡսҲ͸Ȥˣ׵ıսߣʹõĻʮټıսӦú˼
ӵôڿХ̨֮ϵλٽȴЩĿ˺Ӳһۡ
ǣҶӲȴңûбҪʹҵı΢΢ҡͷӲһڴ˵Ҳף߹·һں󱲣Ҫﵽ۷壬Լ·ġ
Ҳǣ·ƾŽ۷ļˡ˵λٽ˵ͷֵزȻ֪Щ߶ʲôõġ

40죬40ʱҶûսΪһεѡҲ㱻ͷ졭һЦ漴Хһƿʼ
ǡҶĻɱͼΪҶĻͬǳǺС
źХǹ֮ҶĻȴЩˡ
ԣ֮ǿһ֮ǰֻ۷ѣһµʱԼǵġҶĻüһ˿Ȼɫ
ٵƴ˶λԾǨľǿڣҽӵǶһϱܹԵĸоԼһ˿ԼӵǶһңȻĻųΪ׽һµʱôܻӵôǿǣӵп߽׵ĵҲܡ
һƴʱ
ҶĻε̾˿û취˭ûһǿڵء
˿̰ҶĻڵн߶ЩںХ֮ΪХ֮ξ̬һ˿ѣ߽۷֮
ಡ
һǿҵľ𣬻ǿ֮ĺХһ˶ķٶѾԽ߽׵ޡ
ܹվʹõĻǳټıʵȻҲСֻ꣬һڿеĳޱ˵ļ̹˺Х
飬飬顣
һҵײ˵ĶУվԭؿԼĳһ˲㳯źХߴιÿһι֮ҽǶ쳣꣬ɼĳսȻΪס
ȻĹȴХΪɵĵХֻ̧̧Լеذױȫס˷ĳޣԵüΪɡ
Ѱ찡һǵзţԤҵĹ֮Ҳ߽۷ĳ̶ȡ˷ɵһơ


124 ҶĻ
ҵۺʵ߽׳ΣȻۺʵҲ߽׸߶Σ۷壬ð찡
üͷһʱ֮Ҳ֪ˣϾһֱʹȫûκҪһٽͬزʶĺХɵȻХȴܹɵĵסĹ÷Щֻˡ
ҲգһɣҲǶǵ16֮һˡ
ͷȶǽüͷ˲˿ֻһǿԷϱһ˲䷽׳˶ļٴιͣʱ1.3ңһóಫǱܱ
һٶʹϷսڶǶɵһսŸոտʼԷĵϸû㽫Լĵȱ¶˳ּΪǵΪʹ˶ǳɻ󣬾վڷĺХҲǳɻ
ɻɻ󣬺ХȻŷһһû˿
ȡ
ѾʹǱܱķһޱϮ˽ߵĺХһγ޵ٶȺҪȷſö࣬Ѿ˴̶ı
ಡ
ֻһ׹ĳޱźХĲ֮յķ˹ȥХȻ˷һ޵ȴһǳѪۡ
ХȻӵ߽׵ĵԼ߽۷֮ıʵ̫ˣ쵽Ӧ˹Ҳ޷׶ܹȥ
ಣಣಡ
̶ıԿһЧ֮еĳ޼һ˲ֻӰ˿УսغƶѾĳһ㡣
һǷĵƣԺХһкܴѹ˿ҪôսҪôԼ³ԸһʹǱܱԼеơ
һΪ޵
䣬䣬䡣
һ裬ֻų޵һıӰϮ˺Хһʱ쳹¶ǷĳͬPR1źϽײ
űսصƮPR1źϽмЩмıӰס˵ߡ

Ȼʧˣ漴סߵмҲ䵽˵ϣӰҲʧˣֻʣǱ޺۵սغͷˡ
ǺǰĶӣˡ
ֻ˿̷һվԭأХվ󣬲Хذȴ˷ϣһڷʺһڷ䣬˿ֻҪκ춯ôХ˲öԷء
Ǻǣãá
˫һӣХ㽫ذ
˵һ£ӣңӦ˵ǺХ
˵źХָԼָźӲڸˣʵǿԼģӣӶҲΪṩ˺һЩѡ
ںХڴ֮ͥΪӲҲֻЦҡҡͷΪ֪ԼĶΪܹõ˶Ŭͺˮ
ս죬ϣܱøǿ
ķļХȥ
Ȼ˿վϷ˿źХıȴǺξһüͷҲгصɫֻûпξôذˣȻξ̬⡣
˿ξһȤĴźХиǿʼȼս⣬ûб㵽ֵֹĻξ󴸳źХҹȥˡ
˵һֻΪХֳʵ
ŵսαıӰмסˣ˶ûпȴ˽ҶĻȴԼս˸ͨ͸
ʵ𡭡źХҶĻҲüͷ
죬һּ°ٶȣڷʩչӰ˲һҲʩչǱܱȻʩչǱܱ֮ٶȴ
üͷ壬ҶĻԺɻصźХչֵٶȡ
ıӰʱʹǱܱĺХȻԼٶȽԷйȫ˹ȥ˲ƶһٶ˷ƷǺХս
˿̻δս˶ЩأϾһʵǿҪðʵǿô죬ʱûս߽ǿҲЩԼǷܹͨһֱԡ

ս
һ̴Ļֳ˵ֻ֣ս֮С
һսҶĻͲôȤˣʵ߽׳ε׽ߵս
ߵսǷĻȻ˵ΧۣΪ˶׵ţʵ߽׳ΣôˣΪξͺХսѽ˵θˣּսҶĻ˶᲻Ȥ
ʮ֮սʮ֮ĳսСʱ֮峡սʮ֮սʮ֮߳ս
һСʱʱȥ֮16˵лûսֻʣˣ嶼ѾˣȻˣϾʵǵ׵ģ벻Ҳѡ
ʱûս˵ȻһҶĻһȴҶĻܸȤĽɫֳֹʽŮӡ
֣֣֡
ֻĻһ˸ҶĻŮӵֱ档
ѩģҶĻ
ڵ𡣡ŴĻϳֵҶĻϳһŵ΢Ц
ôãҶĻΪľսһΪһƥټϿôŽߵսҶĻЩˡ
һµ׵ҵʲôεİɣãֲƲѩһۣҶĻһԾ˼Ѿƻսص롣
ಡ
ҶĻĽŸոŵѩҲȥͬҶĻֱ̣߳ѩľһƬëһ˵ϣûзһ˿졣
һֱܹóѩĵʵһ㣬Ųϱǳ
֮δ֣໥ŶԷ
ҶĻѩĺܺ棬ΪѩĵʵʹõĹʽ
ѩĶҶĻܺ棬ΪҶĻû˿˽⣬ҶĻڻսеıҲѩĵע⡣
˿վϷڶҲڶҶĻŲ鵱еĺХֳ𾪵ʵǺ֪ҶĻҲǷӵʵҺХһֱδͬԼֵҶĻҲǺ棬ΪδҶĻ֡

롭
ְڿѩĶҶĻһʮֹŹֵơ
ҶĻʶǴֱ֮ǰЩ֮ڻд֮ǰڡ
롣
˫ֱȭҶĻҲèĶѩϿĹ
ಡ
һתĽһ׹ˣֻѩĵһڱǰѹʽ˳


125 
ɫƽҶĻһδѹʽ
Լһ׶һ㣬ҲûѪۺ͵֮ĶʮֵƽǱ׼ĹʽѳҶĻȷ޹ģֻ֪˺ֶɫʵһ㣬ɫģŵ׹⡣
ֵûе̣ûѪۣҲôأҲǺ룬ֳ׸ôأ
üëҶĻԽѳԽǾ֡
Ҳû취˭ҶĻʱأһսǵĵ̣սǾͳ˧ģ׷Ķ˺󻯣ֹʽĳѱսǵľˡ
Сôá
˫һҶĻͬҲԼתǹС
顣
ǹҶĻû˿ʿȣŮûһϧ֮ģֱֵ̧еתǹһǹ˶λŮüġ
һǹҶĻһķȫΪ֮
˽һµҶĻѾƪ˾ٷ֮ʮĳ̶ȣټѪڶ1.5ҶĻ׵ҲΪ׵֮˿ҶĻһǹĹԴﵽ߽׸߶εĲΣٶȸǿס
顣
ѩλŮȴҲǳصģֻеǰѹʽһһ˿漴ҶĻĶһɽײͬʱһòǽȴһС
ѩһ㽫ҶĻӵƫˣҶĻӵϵȴô׳ܵģֻѩĵĳͣҡţжȥҶĻӵϵ
ֵʽԡ
һ裬ҶĻеתǹŹǿӵѩٴֱֱķ˹ȥ
飬顣
ײֻѩһ࣬еĳǰб±ȫҶĻӵˡ
ԭˣѳȫͬǰıȻͬʽһӵеԣֵټʩչʽܹҵӵʩչʽʵ̫ˣǰûм
˫֮¶ϲɫҶĻǿˣǰҶĻıʵؼӲģûȻѩõıȴҶĻֻ֪мӲſС
Ԥ֪ҵĹģĵֻ׵ĳ̶Ȱ
ˣԺ룬ȰСŪȥ˵
˽еǹҶĻˣҶĻĳֺ⣬ΪҪѩʹѳģںˣҶĻȻټȥս
ȻҶĻ׼ֵ˲ѩȴѾһˡ
ಣಣಡ
ֻѩһתеĳһǳֵĽǶȳҶĻ˹ȥһƵ𣬳һҶĻоһɾϮԼš
ಡ
һ׹ֻ֣ҶĻͷһ࣬ѩĵĳ˿մ
ȻûҶĻѩĵĳȴһζˣֻѩĵĳһתһδҶĻš
þʽ
˫ۣҶĻ˿Ҳòһ䣬Ϊѩʩչʵ̫ˡ
̣Ȼ֮νȴԵȱͺҶĻѩ֮νһ㡣
̶ֳȵĻȴѲҡ
΢΢һЦżԼĳҶĻû¶˿ľ⣬¶˼Ϊŵı顣
ಣಡ
ζתֻҶĻ˫΢΢һαƶ˿һкΥѧһ㣬ΪҶĻ˫֮ʱĶԲܹƶԼ壬ȴˡ
ǲ֮еŲɡ
ʲôȻܸ
һ裬ҶĻԼƿ֮ǰѳȻٴγԼǰȻѩǼνĽá
С椣档
˲䣬ҶĻĵеľȱʧˣЦֻ֣ҶĻ˫ٴζһȴǶˣǳ׻˿
˫ȽҶĻԳ˸޷һ¶ףҶĻڿлһΣ̼ҶĻѾѩĵ
ǲŲɵľ֮ó˸޷ķʽк޹ɵƶѾѧƵ弼ʩչνӰһ㡣
þŲɣСǴѧġ˿վϯ̨ǱߵٽȴǲɵССһ
Ȼ˵Ų弼ʤֿԴƳŲȴǳޣһЩѾֻ̤λԾǨŵļǿҲԵϰ弼СǴģû弼Ұ
λٽΪ˶λԾǨľǿȻܹóľ֮
갷ɵǿѧΪͻߵ갷ɣʵھŽ׵оǾģͺ׵еξҶĻһ㣬ܹΪ갷ɵǿѧɼ
λٽҲֻЩССľȰˣ˭ǶǵȨˣһǾǿߣ弼ֻǻԣôȻܶԲʲô̰ˡ
ϼһſСӵ弼ѵûǸѾͷĽ𣿡΢΢һЦһԵĺӲ˵ѾͷĽǴڳǵĽԹŽΪйʽչĽûвκοѧɣʵǾ
ѾͷûʩչڳǱΪصĶ֪Ѿͷʩչ֮ܲСʹȫ
˿̺Ӳ֮ѾˣҶĻ˴󲿷ʵѩȴֻʣһŵƣĻ֮ҲѾ϶˴˴αԵĽ
ɡҡҡͷλٽ㲻˵ˡ

λո̸֮ҶĻȴЩˡ
ΥŲ֮ҶĻǰѩĵĳ˿ҶĻվھѩĲԶĵطתǹҲָѩģȻѩɢȴҶĻǲ⡣
ѵһ˿ӵǣ
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˿ѩĵϲ֮ȻҶĻȴȻӵֲͬǡ
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ҶĻ˫֮һŵĹâ漴ҶĻƸıˡ
顣
ףû˿ҶĻˣֻҶĻ˫˲̧һӵʱ任17ƣȫΪ֮17ӵѩļȥ


126 ̼
죬죬졣
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ҶĻӵеѩĵҼ磬ѩýҲ֣ƲӣԴ˿̵ѩľսûȫʧȥҲֻʣһɣڽսֻҪû˱ҪصĶ֣ôѩĵһǵˡ
ȻܲҶĻ֪ʵǾܹƴǰʮǰ˵ģ˷ȴʮа˾ҪΪһˡ
С椸òǶ˼ɡ
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˼ҲûãҶҰĲҪģŮ鳤ҳһǿ˵ɣʱ飬ʲôҲӲǡ
˿û⵽ѩ˼ҶĻ̬˵ϡ

սûнֻǴ˵һֶѣаʤҪ˵оǰȻǰоǰʣµҪȥ¿ʼս嵽ʮҲ˵˿̾ǽνİǿһҪǿҲûУҪ±ȹ嵽ʮ֮ǰǺԵˣҲξµ߽ǿߡ
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ڳһΪƨƣһƽĶҶĻ֡

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һﲻöԸ˫ۣҶĻϸ͵Žߣ߽ͨ׽ߵ1.5ңǺǿڰ˽׳εĲΣЩҴŵսпģսһҲóһʵ
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һ裬ҶĻ˲㷴Ӧ˹


128 ʤ
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˿վϷȴסˣŵǳսļѳǵԤϡ


129 صҶĻ
ŵǳս̣ܶḷ́ܶǰǰֻвһӵʱ䣬Ͼ˫һʹȫ漴ӱʹǱܱʹ֧͸Եı
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ȻҶĻд̣̽ȻʵһһչʾʹǱܱսĻ˹ҲҪСʱֳܹʤ
ǿͷӦҶĻٶȺ͹ԤƴĻ˵ûֳʤ

ٵǸӾȻֳó֧͸ԵʽȥҶĻűϵ˿ڲЩˡ
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Ȼȴķӣڹؼʱ֣ϾȥҶĻҲûȥսǣΪʱϵ˸Ͳٶȶ֡

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һξڶҶĻХģҶĻХξ˽һºǰǣսǽѡΡ
սҪʣµ12ߵо嵽ʮЩսͺҶĻûʲôϵˡ
ھĽҶĻҲҪģǰĽɲͬڵĵʮǰĽǱܵģֻб˲֪ԼĽʲôҷŽķʽҲֳ裬ǲ͡
ҶĻҪʱֻҪ绰ô˽͵ҶĻļ棬Ҳ˵ҶĻȫ뿪ȥҽƴмˡ

Сʱ֮󣬶ǽҽƴ¥ҶĻһɫĴϣżߣէ𣬼Ҳڲͣزš
ҶĻԸܵĸ߱׼ָԴ̼һ£ҶĻֻһµʱ䣬һ֮ҪžԱǰսǽܲѡΪ˽ʡʱҶĻȻѡ˻ָķȻַЩʹࡣ
ȻҶĻƵĵڶȴը˹
30µǿʮ˾ȻǸе𾪵ȴǰ֡
ҶĻξХ˵һ֮ڴǣҶĻͺХǱˣΪⳡѡοʼ֮ǰ˶Ϊ߽ǿҲܹռǰһʣµ߽ǿߣξ
Ȼȴ׽ռǰ߽׵ȫˢȥˡ
ξܹΪһȻҲЩ˵ԤϣҲԽܣϾξĵһ֮ɲǴģȻҶĻͺХǰЩˡ
ЩΧ̻ݵ̼ңǲ㽫ҶĻͺХҶĻͺХƥʹǵеľ󲿷˶Щ˹ײıȻǵҲҶĻͺХ
ҶĻͺХϱ㴫˶ǣǵҲ֪˺ХʲôĴڣԻǽ˺ХĵȻҶĻԾǸоЩء
ϾҶĻʵ̫ˣͺڶʵҶĻҲͳΪ˶ǵйҶĻĴҲ鲼ǡ
֪ҶĻ𣿡
ô֪ǿǶǵĵڶţǳزǸ˶֪
У֪ЩʲôãҸ㰡һ֪˭
˭
ҵѵĹ۵ֶŮɩӵľ˾˵ġŮ֪ǺǼݹϵˡ
㣬ҶĻҸء
ȻֻڶഫԵеһִ֣Եĸְ汾һʱǣǶλΪİҷǳصų˺ġ

죬ڶǵ˻ҶĻʱҶĻȴѾص˼С
ڻָˡվڿУҶĻԼı۰
߱׼ָԴ̼һΣһ죬ûа׷ѰоԼѾ׻ָҶĻǸ˵˵ǲ֪Ǽһôˡ
˿ɲͬҵˣܵҪ֧͸Եıǰˣûͨ߱׼ָԴ̼ƣˣκζʱֶζ޷ʹãֶָֻܹͨνгʱһµʱָܹ
ˣʲôǿҵĽʲôɡ˵ҶĻ㳯˹ȥ
ڻ·ҶĻ˸绰ǽ͵ԼļС


130 
˿ҵڷһ;СӣĶҶĻõڶĽ
ǡ
𿪺ӣһĴָС͸̹ĶӳҶĻⶫʱҶĻȴһֿЦõĸо
ȻǹľݽǡǿĴָСĹľҶĻЦҡͷ
ľǺųƿ弫޵ĵһ
Կ弫޵ıЩȴһ̶ϵȱݡ
ֻܹŽ½ߵ弫ޣжܹŽ׽ߵ弫ޣΪŽ׽ߵѾһǳӽ޵ĵز˵Ž׽Ѿ忪αޣֻʣһЩ嵱Դĵطûп
弫޵ıĹЧʵҲͬ巨һٿ߿Դĵط巨޷ĵطЩҲȻ޷ˣľﲻͬЩԿڲЩΪزԴĵطֻнЩεĵط֮Ž׽߲ܹ֮Ϊļ޽ߡ
ţļ޽߿ԿλԾǨĴţҲΪľŻΪܹþŽ׽߿λԾǨϣȻҪȴűضҪ㹻Ĺľ
ǲȱʲôʲôҡҡͷҶĻһСľϡ
ľֶҪ˵ǾŽ׽ˣֻҪ㹻࣬˶λԾǨľǿҲĶйŵġ
ľֶҲƷͨĹľǵɫģһĹľɫģϺõĹľǺɫģƷĹľɫģҴ갷õĹľǼƷɫɫģȴֻǵɫġ
ЧĻǿƴСĹľҲһһ˸ߵĵɫľ࣬鵭ɫĹľ
˿ҶĻ˵ĻȻҪĳ嶯Ϊһ׽Ȼһ鵭ɫĹľ֪ǵɫĹľҲǼĶɫĹľܹΪ֮
ǵľӢǿŹû취𣿻ΪԱߵͷޣǿܹɱŽ׻ͻǿߣ׻ɱλԾǨǿߵ޵дڣΪͷû취ԲŲȥǿżƷ
ֹӢǿŹȫʲôطֻҪйôλԾǨĳޣΪһŵɫĹ˶λԾǨĴҲ޷洦ҶĻеĴָСĵɫĹľʵǶǵľһͷλԾǨ޵ֵġ
ǲλԾǨľǿͬͷչ˾սһλǿΪ۷նɱޣضǵģôһŵɫĹȴҪжλԾǨǿܹóĴָСһҶĻѾĶˣҶĻľǷĻܹŽǿᡣ
еǿ鼫ƷľѾˣԼǿľԽҵ忪ļ״̬һ顭
üͷҶĻһʱ֮Щ֪δľˡ
ȷŰɡ
ҡҡͷҶĻǿ鵭ɫĹľŽ˿ռ䴢ָС
һ⼸ĲǷʵɣܹеͨôҵʵһڱٴαǡ
漴ҶĻʰ˶ԭ
˿ҶĻ۵ƣһõƿľѧҶĻһֱδôҶĻÿ춼һʱۣЧȴʮֲѣԴҶĻ۵ĵһ㣬Ƥ֮ҶĻ۱˽ȼ仺ľأҶĻƣҪ۵ĵڶɣûʮĹ붼Ҫ룬⻹Ǳعơ
ߣ갷ҲͬҶĻһֻǽķƿرƤĵزҶĻҲû̫顣
Ȼڴ˴ѡ֮ʱξӦ֮ҶĻһ뷨ԼӦľ
⼸ҽƴ֮ʱҶĻÿʱÿ̶ⷽ飬ڣҶĻ뵽ԼӦʲôۡ
ǰʱǰ갷ɸҵĴһһģûȥиı䣬ҶҲûȥйε˼״νֶһһҪɹ
˫ۣҶĻ۵ڶʽʼԼڡ
ҶĻоԼ࣬Լļ⣬ԼѪҺһжǳģЩ٣⻹ҶĻôʱЧտʼڶʱҶĻʲôо
ʼ
üͷ壬ҶĻһοʼһž֮ʱԼ
䡣
һ˲䣬ΧһУǱĻҲҶĻԺС
ӦãȻҵԿ۾޷Ķӵ͸ӹܣԿڵĶҵıôȻҲܹҵڡ
Լ뷨ҶĻʼԼۿڡ
ҶĻһԼǰҶĻֻս֮ʱŻʹ۲Ŀһֱǵˣûй۲ԼԴ˿̵ҶĻʮԼ޷Լ
ˣˣȻĿԿԼϲüңһ˲ҶĻֻоһԼԺС
Ѫܣ࣬ѪҺ࣬ܵļ⣬һжҶĻԺУȻЩģȴеĳҶĻԺУͺһЩģͼһ
ĿԣĿԣ׹Ŀɼڷ֮ǽ뷨˼Ϊεı֣η֮һӶ޷־أȻȴ׵رˡ
۱Ƿҹ뷨죬ͬҹ뷨һѵĲֱǹ룬ԼܹһҲͱʾѾ۵ڶѵһˡ
ȷʹһģͬЩ뵽ĸ˲һ˵ںֵûô
һԡ
飬ҶĻֱԽ۵ڶĹ벿ղ֡
תҶĻԼĵпʼƿԼ塣
һһ㣬𽥵ģҶĻ˽ȥҶĻԼûз֣ʼٿصе˲ǳ׵ƿԼһСֵļ⣬ȻֻǺСһ֡
˿ҶĻȴѾ׳Խȥˣûзһ㣬ֻоԼĸоһһĸıţθıҶĻûȥ룬ֻǱһ˳ԼĸоȥıԼĸо

顣
ʮ֮ҶĻֱӵ˵ϣţҶĻҲ˹

ۣ۾һ˲һɼƣĸоҶĻԺ˿ҶĻԼƾһްսԼľˣޱȡ
Ļǹصġ


131 
׽ߣһѪҪͨ׽ǿö࣬˵ʹӦÿԼֶʮҲŶԣȻȴֻܼʮӶһ㡣
ۿԼǹۿԼڲʮ
ջȴ
Цţ˿ҶĻľĻһִЦĳ嶯
ʮӣʮӵʱҾȻ㽫ļԼѪܣȲƿ˰ٷ֮ҵĳ̶ȣٶЩƿ֪ĻȻᱻѪ
ʮӵʱҶĻ㽫۵ĵڶ˰֮һеĹȫҪ
ҶĻԿԼڲһЩ޷ĸ˿ʮĹ뷨ټһЩԵҲԿԼڲߵ;Ȼͬȴ֮ͬԿԼڲѵıǿһ֡
ǵһһƿرƤκν߶ܹԼıƤһ֣Ȼн߶ܹƿرƤһΣ츳õЧʱȽϸһˣڶˡ
׿ԼڲһǲʮʮľĻͲܣһܹĻôڶͿˣǵ㹻ǿĻһСʱ֮ڱ㳹ɵڶ㡣
˿ҶĻԼȡɣԲܹôȡ˳ɼ
죬ٶȥĻұܹ۵ĵڶ㣬ʱʲôõʱ䶼ǳ̣֮һЩҪͨϰµļֻҪһܹɣ۵ڶǿЧ
ܹһĻӵһκμκ弼ȫܹһ֮ɣʱŽ졣

ͷʮҶĻ˿Ҳ˲˷ˣֱóXD3ӪҺݳƷָԼϾڵҶĻԣʱġ
һ룬XD3ӪҺһʱҶĻָ۷״̬嵱ٴγǿ
ʼ
ڵأҶĻһۡ
ʹһ˲ڵһжҶĻԺУУҶĻʼƿԼļ⣬Ѫܣ࡭

Ժ
У˿ҶĻͬɮ붨һ㾲ڵأһ
ȻΪ˵ȴҶĻĺҶĻĺȻʧˣǺڵصҶĻȫеļⶼֹͣ˶
֪κˣһϵļҲᶯȻķȷǳСȴڶ˿ҶĻļȴѾֹͣ˶һû˺
Ƿڴֱ֮ǰĻֻһֽͣǱҶĻˣȻȴһֽ͡
磬һ˶ƿشﵽ˼Ϊı֣Լƿؽһȫֻͣë׽к󣬹ʱһЩ񻰵ĸɮԴﵽ־硣
ҶĻ˿̱ﵽ־硣

ҶĻ˺ź𽥼أҶĻ˫ˡ
ǳƿڲĸо𣿡˵ҶĻ̧Լ֣ǳ
ӶֱֻۣǼ򵥵ĻӶֱۣ˿һŽǿ߿һĻȻһΪҶĻڻӶֱ֮ʱȻû˷κζֻóҪӶֱ۵ûһ˿࣬Ƕƿص֣Ž׽ڶλԾǨǿҲ޷һ㡣
Ϊʵ޹أһ־磬һֶƿصľ硣
Ȼȡɵɣȴﵽ־硣΢΢һЦҶĻվνͬ飬ʹúֶΣĿһģﵽ־ˣ;Ҫ
־绹ǹǿ󰡣ֻǸոմﵽ־磬ҵڶӽԲˡ
ǡ
˫һӣҶĻγԼתǹ
һƣƣơ
һᣬڶе743ƱȫҶĻʩչ˳Ȼ˿ҶĻʩչ743ȴͬǰһˣǰҶĻʩչڶʱһ̶ϵƫƫȴѾʧˣʹҶĻڶԲ
ʮ죬״̬ʮܹڶɣʱеƫʧ˫ǹҶĻǳЦ˳ʱұܹˡ
ЩѪоƪ
ǾƪڵľƪĻЧʶȻǰʮһµʱ䣬ҵʵԻᱩǡ
ξ
ʵҶĻ۵ڶĺôԶԶֹЩиĺôʱ˸ףϰ巨ʱЧʱҪö࣬ڲЩŽ׽߶޷ĵطȴԽп
̫̫࣬ˡ
ȫƿ־ʮ֮ǰҶĻԼʮܹɣ߹Լˣ֪ٷ֮ʮŵľŽ׽߶ûһ磬˶λԾǨľǿҲûеһ硣
Ϊ־粻ҪµľҪԵʱ֪ж޷һӵĸɮ޷һزֱ֮ǰǧֻôɮ޵ܹ֮ﵽһΡ
ǽߵĻȹʱ֮Ҫ̫࣬ھҲ׵Ķ࣬ҪﵽһԾɲǿޱԵģҪԵҪ
ҶĻĻҲпһͬԵ
Щϧ˵ҶĻҡҡͷ۵ĵҾȻûûκͷ
۵ĵ㲻ͬǰ㣬ûƿصķҲûйĻ棬ȻҪҾԹҪĶô֪
ˣѾ۵ĵڶ㣬һѾ൱ڳƿˣȰҪɣһжʮʱ䡭

Ϊ˲μӶǵѡҶĻ֮ǰòֹԼ˴ҶĻٴ
巨Ѫĺ֣ƪ
һʱҶĻĸоȫͬǰﵽһ֮ҶĻʲôǳĿ죬ոѪҺٶҲǰҪࡣ
ҶĻ׵Ѿ200ĸѪҺ250ңһѹʴ󵶣ҶĻ250ĸѪҺǲ̶ʱҶĻ㽫ЩѪҺһգͬʱҶĻĲֵ׸Ҳˡ
ʱҶĻȻƪ˾ٷ֮ʮĳ̶ȣ֪ƪԽԽҶĻȴԽԽ졣
ж巨ҶĻȫƿ֮巨ЧʾȻٴһʮֲֿ֣ڹľͻ츳Ʒ巨ĵ£ҶĻ弫޵ٶѾһǳֲĵزЧʵʲôֻˡ
Ǻǣ׵ѪԲڿʰˡ


132 ֮
ʮ̫һƽ޼ĺ弼ԴҶĻõѪ֮㽫ˣϾѪǿȣҪö࣬ͬΪ弼Чȴ֮
ҶĻȴ弼뷨ҶĻ֤Լ֮ġ
Ҷź弼˽ֻкĺ弼ѪǺ弼Ϊǽıķţǿĺ弼
˵ĻѪ֮ӦҲܹĺ弼ǣͺһͷ弼һ㡣
һȻܹҵǿٴһΡ
һԡ
뷨ҶĻǰˣҶĻ绰һĵѹ
ϵѹҶĻڵؿʼٶѱĺ

һӣӣӡ
ʱţҶĻϵĺˮ𽥶һҶĻ㶼ʪ͸ˣʼʮʱҶĻȴ˫ۡ
ȾȻ˻⵽ô£üͷҶĻϳ˲⣬ѪֻһǱպѪûкķţֻǽҵתΪ֮ѣΪ֮ʱЧǳ΢ڵľλ弼һ㡣
ѵˣѪĺ弼ûһ
üͷҶĻͣ˼ţҪҵİ취
ˡ
Ǹ֮ԭ򡣡ʮ֮ҶĻȻʡ
ǾŽ޵еľǿ֮һܹڶλԾǨǿĳŽޣʵ֮ǿܹھŽ޵Žǰʮ
ǿıȱ;ǿ
岻֪ٴ΢ͽŴﵽڵֵزȻôν֮Ѿﵽһֽĵز弼Ҫķţڵ״̬ȥ弼Ļͺ֮һ㣬вͨ
ֻߵưˡ
˵ҶĻ΢΢һЦ˿ûΪ޷١
ҾԿ֮ʱԸоڰٷ֮ʮϵĵط޷ֻһЩǳϸСͨԴĵطûб
Ҳ˵֮Ҳ֮壬ϸСȱݣôұúЩϸСȱݲȫ
ŵЦţҶĻͨˡ
ʵϷѪ弼˶ȥ弼Ҳ֪Լ岢ȴǲȥûΪЩĵطǸҲĻ͸˵Щطˡ
ֻƿĸ߾ڲܹҵЩĵطͬʱҲֻҶĻȫƿĽ߲ܹԺ弼Щıܹ࣬Щ֮
˵ֻЩƿĽ߲ܹӵС
˿̵ҶĻ

˵עĳһ֮ʱʱǻŵĺܿ죬ҶĻһͷ޵ҶĻûиܵʱţӶˣֱҶĻͨѶʱҶĻżʱ䡣
ιã˭
ë˲ϵĺˮҶĻͨѶϵİť
ãҶĻǶǾ441Ա
ͨѶдһǳº۵Ů
ˣҶĻŻȻ˽ӡ
ҶĻΪǶѡĵڶţҪͬλŴǶǰսǲѡΣϾҪˣ8ҪϡλԱΪ˵
У8׼ʱ˵ҶĻҶͨѶ
ԡԼԴҶĻЩյ˵һţǾϵҵĻҶˡ
սǣһõط
ɳϣҶĻһƺڡ
ңǿߣˣƯӣЩս֮жȱλԾǨľǿսǵҲ࣬ڴ
Ҷ䣬СҲ֪ʲô
˵ҶĻһӣһŷС
ЩҶĸƽţŵҲֻǱƽҶĻԣ֪ԼĵܻܵţѾˣȻҶٲȻҶĻܵڸʲô֪ҶĻȴ֪ԼĵܵǸˣԼԼԭˡ
ҶĻֻҪ֪ܻܵžͿˡ
СҲսǣȥսҲ֪ܲҡҡͷҶĻеյ˽ָС
ŸոţҲкܳ·ҪߣҶԼҲûпףʵԶԶվ档


ȻҶĻٴʱһصĶѨһȴüͷ
ӵĳͬҶĻƣȴҶĻҪ˧Ķ࣬Ǹ׼˧磬ҶĻĵܵܣҶ䡣
194죬3ܹ뿪ˡڵϣҶʲô
Ҷ䣬񣬲ҪԼˡ
ʱһɺصҶĶֻھҶ䲻ԶһȻ˫ۣȴܹ֪ҶһһƾҶʲôҲ֪һ㡣
֪ˣʦ
Դӵ˵ͷ漴Ҷٴα˫ۡ
˿ҶȴһˣһҪһ꣬׳˶ˣĿҶԡ

ǣڶ7㡣
̫ܾûˡ
̧ͷǼƶĺգҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц
һµʱ䶼ڷһֱûм̫벻һ̫龹Ȼ֮á
˫ۣѾһû̫ҶĻһ̫ĺá
ȥܲ
̤ҶĻڶϲľܲһ·ȥ
˿Ȼֻ7һЩֵȴѾܹһЩˣȻҶĻȴһΪֵ󣬽ֵϵ˶࿴ԼۣԼʲôֵĶһ㡣
ѵҾô˧Ů˶ϲң
ҡҡͷҶĻЩǺĿ⣬ӿŲֱܲȥ
Ҳû취˭ҶĻڶѾ׳ˣһµҶĻλصŲǽ֪󲿷ͨҲ֪ҶĻĴټҶĻ⽫һµʱ䶼ڼǵ˶ûЩ˶ҶĻҲͲϡˡ
ܲǵľ湻еģȻܲĴŶPR1źϽġ
ʮ֮ҶĻ˾ܲĴ⡣


133 ħ
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̤ҶĻֱ߽PR1źϽĴ֮Уվִǹ֧ȴûҶĻΪǵ˾ͷԸǣҶĻɳ
ҶĻ
һ߽ţҶĻһϤǺХ
ŶһﾹȻô͵ˡ
üͷһҶĻԼһҵĵطХξվڿ˵һ˲ҶĻ˫֮ȴһ˿ȵɫ
ǺХһ֮ǰҶĻХʱ޷ХʵҶĻȴһҶĻԺХϻоһƣһɼǿƣǿǣҲ˵ХǱһ֮ǰһأҶĻֺХϾȻѾһ˿ס
üһ۵ĵڶ㣬ٶԶͨſɱȣһڹľİ²ŴĴţ벻ȻҲˡ
ҶĻİֻѾ̤߽׵ĲΡ
ԺĽҪԼ弫Ƶģ֮ǰֻҪˣͺ׵߽һҪȫ͸ſԣҶĻ۵ĵڶ֮ùľҲڴ壬Ҫ˶ҶĻܹȫ͸
ʮ죬Ѿȫƿʮʱұܹ͸Ϊ߽׽ߣʱҲ֪Хһﻹܸܲϡ
΢΢һЦҶĻĿתξߡ
ͬһ֮ǰһξξ޾ս⣬СȴΪǿǣͬξսǿˣҲﵽ߽׵ĳ̶ȣ˿̵ξ߽׽ߣϾһ֮ǰѾﵽ벽ĵز
ûͦ簡
ǰȥҶĻЦŴ˸к
ˣսǱߵ˿ѾЩȲ˰ɡûκα飬ξ΢΢һҡͷ㿴սǱߡ
ǰȷô硣ʼХͬ˵սǣɲܹģǼһҲֻսʵһ룬ܹﱻ֮ΪﶨȻǼΪܹ֮ǣҺХֱض᳹׳졣

һҶĻҲ֪˵ʲôǺˡ
һǱ׼սӣһϲǿҫĶ
һҲˣǳɡ
˸վ֮ʱһǰ˵
УɫЩ԰ףҲξҪݣɢһϢ
ҶĻ˻Уһ֮ǰѡϼ
վڶ쵼ߵӡ
Ǻãҽ޳У˵֮ʱ޳ûκα飬ͬʱҲǰսǲѡεˡ
Žںǿߡ
޳Ļ࣬ȴʤھ˼һڱ㽫õĶ˵˳һ仰
޳˵仰˲ҶĻ˵ıҲͬ
ҶĻϸĴŶԷΪ޳ûпκںϽߵ˫֣˫ţ۾һģһֻǲͣɢЩְˡ
ξһȵĿ˿޳˵껰֮ųһԶ˵ǵĻξ˵Ͷˡ
Хı֣Ȼֱӿˡ
ںϣ㲻ںϵĽ߰ХǱ׼ķܶͶһںϵľŽǿ߻Ųס
Ŷüͷһչ޳˺Хһۡ
ںһҪܹ˿ĵط𣿡
ûĻͳɣǵǶǾսԶн·̡
漴޳㲻˵ˣֱתһԵĲֿ˹ȥ˼ԣҪҶĻ˸ϡ
ˡ
ʼХξ󲽸ȥ
ҶĻȻ޳Ǿ䡮ںϲһҪ⡯Щɻ󣬵Ǹȥ
˸޳ֿ֮ȴסˡ
ޣҶĻ˵ǰͣŵľޣһĸʽĦг
ݣȻսڽ²ħХڿһĦгֱ֮ȥ
ı²ħֻŽ޵޹ǾɣȻپַĸ߶˿Ƽ͹յļϷƳɵģҪһκͷ
ⱦ򲻵սֻһ߲ӵĽԱֽ䱸ⶫ벻ﾹȻС
һ˵ţХһḧħɫĳڸİһ
ҲֺХʵħЩ̫ˡ
ɫ߳׵ĳһжԵúͨĦгһκ˧̸𺳣ħ߱ջȴơ
ҲƣˣÿһħֻŽ޵޹ǾɵģЩ޹Ǿ߳Ĺպ͸߰Ĵ֮󣬾ȻЩŽǰǣħĵط
һ£һĹɢױȵʲôӣ˵
˿ҶĻξҲǰħסˡ
ӦģħҲ쳣ƽһħҪʮڵۣһǾеĶͿ
ϳɡ
޳˻֣ǰħ
˴ǰսǵľֻĸˣħպãⶫֻҪһܹսǣҲҪ޵ϮÿһϵǿʹжλԾǨµޱá
ϡ
޳˵ХһſһħϣҶĻξҲ˸Եĳ
ȻһϳǱʧˡ
ڳϣҶĻͻȻоӴʧˣǰûϳʱҶĻվúܣϾħǿֻŽµģû˲ٿأҶĻЩܣһϳҶĻоʧˣħĶƣκֻҪȥôϵǱ޷Ӱ쵽ˣȻĻô

ء
ħǶе𣬼ʻۿ۵ĻҶĻ˸޳λУ뿪˾ܲ
Ȼһ·ҶĻ˱Ϊ˽㡣
û취ħʱ޿̶ɢǿʵ̫ˣǿֻŽ޵ǰ
һ·ȥֵĵͽ׽߶ǵѹĿҶĻʻ˶ǡ
ݣ̫ˡһǵĳţ˱㽫
ŽףǾŽǿ߲ܹ߱ٶȣȻٶȴֻһٶȡ
ӭľ罫ԼۣҶĻϽԼ˫֡
ٶȣڳϾȻֻܸоһĵڻҰʮڵ۹治ǰ׸ġ


134 
Ұ֮ħڼٿš
ħһٶѾ൱ھŽ׽ȫ۵ٶˣǽħٶȫſôǾŽ׽ʹǱܱҲ޷֮ΪǾŽ׽ʹǱܱҲ޷Լٶ˲䱶
Ȼ18ڵۺֻŽ޵ԭûٶȵĻЩħĿԱҲͿȥɱˡ
غˬٶȼǾŽ׽ҲһܹӵУˬӭľ磬ХֱӴ˿ʵԼһԸһ㡣
ǺХҶĻξڻ̫ȤҲ¶Ц⣬û취үһԵģƽôӴһ˳ٶȿôκҲ¶Ц⡣
żӵħϢʹжλԾǨµ˱ܣǾôҲû޸͵Ϯǡſڳϵ޳
޳Ļ䣬ҶĻ˱㶼ͬʱħٶ˼ޡ
ֻٶȵħԾŽ׽߶ԴٶڻҰ֮пĵ糤һ̳
ֻҪħ֮أô̾ޱܿΪЩ޿ʮͷŽ޳Լĵ̣ԼǾŽҲ˱ܿǰš

ħܼʾħڼ״̬ҹκ⣬ҶĻ˱ԼްٶһֱĸСʱĸСʱ֮ȴòͣ
ء
ųŵأҶĻ˽ͣ
ΪҶĻ˵ǰֻǵǰȻͣʮʬ壬Щǽߵʬ塣
ڻҰʵ̫ˣ񱾾ǽͬɱʱ˭ȥ԰˵ߵʬ廹ҶĻͣЩȥȴ֡
Щ༫ңÿ˵϶¶ʹɫеֻһʬ壬еȱ첲ȣе˽ˣЩ˿ҲΪԣΪġ
ѪҲɡЩѾȥĽߣҶĻüͷºֵЩˡ
ô˵ҲһԱѪҲӦһ£ôȷЩˡ˿̾ХҲо֮Щ̫ˡ

޳ȴЩεҡҡͷ漴㶯һԵĻĵ˿ӣ˼ԣҪЩȥĽ
ҶĻҲɵЩȣΪ޳˵ĸоʵڲܹµˣǹϢĳͺ˵ǻˡһ㡣
ôȣҶĻ˻ǰæȥˣϾΪ
Ⱥ˵Щ༫ҵĽ֮޳ȴͻȻ˳
ŶУ֪˭ɵģ
޳˵ҶĻ̾׶ԷӦ֪һЩʲô
֪ҲӦ֪վ޳Իóһ̵ϡ
ߣǻ˭飬»е֪˶ô
ߡ
޳һﾪˣһ˲ҶĻ˵ɫЩ
׻˵ĺãＫطһΪõһôȻҲżΪһ棬ˡ
ͨ˿ͨԾǨΪߣͺҶĻһֻǻԾǨɹ֮ӣǻԾǨʧأ
ʧܵĻԾǨлԾǨ죬߱ǾΪЩԾǨʧܣ˵ĳƺǾҪԵĴЩ˵ϣΪЩ顣
ԾǨǳɹôıǽߣͬһ޶ӼһģһֻαͨҪһЩѣԾǨʧܲͬ
ǴЩ߻Ѿķ룬Ϊʹǵȫһ
еĻڱ֮λ˵ӣеǱףȳζ࣬˵λʮֽӽ޵ĴڣΪδ֪ԣκλ߶ӵкΣõֻһֲһ᳹׸ͷ档
֪ٷ֮ʮŵ˶òȡ˵ģ˶ͬԼŽϴﶼųԣͺĵһŻһ㣬ı졣
ԣЩ죬ͬž޴ĴȻȻĻᱻˣų⣬ڵɹԴ¾ٺõҲ䣬á
İţעģЩĴڻ᲻࣬ʺޣΪһͬжԡ
ҺûļʺСƽÿ746ߵвŻᵮһĴڡ
Ȼô֮ĻҲһСĿЩ߻γ˼壬սܱߣϮһЩǷֵĽߣ̵ɱ˵Ѿ࣬ǲŻᱻΪߡ
һսǵľҲûʲôһİ취ϾЩսǺ֮߶̫ټǻζʽģһҰ޵£ԾûЩ˽ˡ
ÿһ߶Щ߶صĶʺǼ߱ὫأܹӦǳصĲǡ
ҡҡͷȻҶĻûЩˣŻٵģЩҶĻҲ֪Ǹú޻ϾǣҪ࣬Ҳֻ˵һ˰ɡ
߰ɣЩȥʱ䲢̫Ҳ˵Щ߻ûԶǺͲðˣЩ˵ɲöԸ
˵ʱ޳Գһ˿ˣܿ㽫һ˿ȥ
߰ɡ
ء
ħǶеҶĻٶ̤ǰսǵ·
ϳ֮ǰȴûзһ£Ǳ˶ˣ˿ھҶĻǧ׵һɽŸ߱Զǡ
Ȼӵĳȴ֣ǳ࣬ǵΣǵѾܹ֮ΪˣֻܹǿóӰӡ
ӵκͳĺܽӽһֵܡ
ɫƤ׵ߣеݱ¶棬ɫë֫ļǿֲϵ·ܹó֮⣬ѾʧȥĻǻߡ
ô硭¸߱Զλ΢Щʵ
֡ͬԶΪӲһЦ
磬⼸ĳȻʶǾʹõĶǵͷĻǾŽ׽ߡ˵˱¶һĵɫֱɫëȴԵЩֲ


135 ޳ʵ
ߣŽ׽ˣ˵ܵһۣٴο˿ҶĻߡ
ֵ͵ＴǾŽȥϸ²ŸոջɱһνľŽǿߣҪ֪ǲĸߵôܱһ͵ס˵˵ϱ˼Ϊ԰ɫ֮жڽҲͲм
磬ǿǾˡҪǻɡΪܵܵȻΪҲɼԣȻҶĻ˳֮Ϊ
ΣɱľǾˣˣ˲еġ
˵˱㲻Լĵܵܣһתʹ˳ȥ
һ߼ԼĴִţ֮Ҳֻܸȥ

ء
ħ𣬾̳ҶĻ˳ǰһ·ȥȻҶĻȴ֪нķȴڵķ
ǧ׵ľħּĻֻǼӵѣȫǰ£ҶĻϳӵʱڵɽ档
ɢ͵Ϯ
ͻȻ˸ո֮ʱ޳˿
ֻ޳һӣµħʧˣΪУ޳ȻҲĿռ䴢豸
䡣
һ𣬾ҶĻ˻ûн֮ͣʱ޳Ѿڿͬ͵Ϯ߽ˣͬʱһɼıҲ
Ȼߡ
תҶĻ̧ͣͷһҶĻ㿴ں޳ֵˡ
׵ߣ׳˶ޱȵ֫ʺɫƤɫëҶĻ˵ߡ
䡭
ֻڿУ׳˶ֱȭÿһȭ޳ҪȥЩȭͷȴȫ޳һȭͷཻ֮𣬰ЩĻ쳣ǿ֮
ಡ
׹أ޳ͬͬʱ䵽˵ϣ˷ȴûټˣֻһĽվޱ޳
Ǻˣһǰ˽׵ߣǸͰﲻæ˻֣޳ҶĻ˸Ͻˡ
޳Ļ֮ҶĻҲϽ˿ξսҲ⡣
ξȻϲսǸսӣȴɵӣΪ֪ԼԲߵκһ˵Ķ֣Ϊ߽׽ߣԼĻͻ˼ĵزȴ֪ԼͬսԲκʤ㡣
ΪڸҪȽǿöࡣ
ǹƽģ˻߼ªųòȴҲ͸Զͨߵĸǵ弫ҪȽǿö࣬ͬģٶȣǿȶҪԶͬ׵Ľߡ
оһûκμ弼߽ͬûľŽ׽ߵ޼Ҳ˵ǵ弫ޱҪΣͬһӵһַǳĳǽߵеͨһеܴеٶȺܿ죬е߱ǿ
ͬڽߵв̫࣬ȴÿ˶ӵĳ
ټͬһҲս弼˽׵߳˵Щ֮⣬Ѿ൱ŽǿˣһǾŽǿߵΪĴڡ
ЩξȻɵɵĳǰȥͬҪǿͨŽǿߵսΪ

ǺǺǣ͵ʵܲ
ҶĻ˿ˣȴûڹ˼ǰ޳һ㡣
ϻ˵߻ǲߡûκεı飬޳ɢ֮ƽ˵ﵱǹɼζȴΪԣ޳Щ߷
㡭
ȭԭҪһ޳ĻΪں޳ȭʱ޳ȭͷϸо˼ǿЩ˼ɣȻȴ޳侲β
ߣǲߡ˫ۣ޳˶ԷԴߵɫֻʵ
ɶ񣬵͵Ϊͬ޼ˣǿ޳˵Ҳˡ
ߣܼ򵥣еĶͿռ䴢豸ˡ
𣿡
䵭޳Ծûκα仯
ಡ
ˣΪ޳˵ʲô֮ʱ޳ȴˣֻ޳һת㳯ֵܷɴܶȥٶ֮һӰ
ͬʱ޳ϵǹҲ˳һ֮ȴȷŽ֮ʱǿ䡣
䡣
ߵĸȽҪǿö࣬ĵв޳޳ֵ˲ȴܷӦֵֻһһȭ޳ȭͷȥ
ȭཻٶȻ˴ζȭĽȴҶĻ˵ɴ˫ۡ
ʤ׵ʤֻȭཻ˲߱㱻޳ǿȭͷ˳ȥߵǻ˿˿Ѫ
ݣǾɴУʵȻ֮ǿ˽׵¾Ȼһغ϶Ų˺Х̴˿
ǺХҶĻξҲʮֵ𾪡
֪߿ɲͬڽߣǵĸҪȽǿΣ˽ߵеκһ˶ܹŽ׽ߣһΪľŽ׽ߡ
Ҳ˵޳Ȼӵһл˾Ž׽ߵʵܲҶĻ𾪡
ںϣ˵ԼǾŽ׵ںǿߣںϵĲλ
һתҶĻ̱뵽޳˵Ļ˿ҶĻǺ޳ϵĸλںˡ
ȻҶĻôҲ޳ʲôͬ
ɶš
˲ǵѪ߱Լ֮𣬳Զ񱼶ȥ
ԭǻΪ޳ֻͨľŽ׽ߣȴˣ޳չֵǿʵͲܹƥеġ
ϳǼ·
޳ûȥ׷ߣ˽׺;Ž׵ĽҪܵĻѣҪɱЩˡ
Կռ䴢豸óħ޳ȳˡ
ҶĻȻЩ޳ʵȴǸȥ

磬ô
һεɽϣΪܵܵԼԾЩʹ
ɶǸ͵ﾹȻӵǿʵһȭڵϣΪʮֲʵ˵
ǵЩ͵Ҫǿö࣬Ҷ˭ܹɱһͨľŽ׽ߣȴһȭˣǸ͵﾿ģѲһҲǸߵȽߵĳ̶ȡ
˿ʮֵĲʣһΪֻлǸߵȽԾǨǵ͵Ƚı֣ԴӳҲûаڹͬ׵ĽУȴ뱻޳һбֵˡ


 ս


136 Ŀĵ
磬ǸͲǸ˵Ķ֣ȻȥɡԼĴ缫Ϊʣλ߸ϽȰ˵ҲˣʱͲԣԭѾΥ˹ټֱĻȻᱻ淢֡
ʱи׶ţǹҲܡ
ɶ񡣡
Ϊ߷ıټһΧҶĻˣԼܵܵĻ֮ȴסˣνǳһ㡣
ҴܵܵĻҲóߵеĵλԲͣ滹š
ͷŹǼͽ´ǶȻҪնɱһҪҵķʽȥ
ߡ
ߺ޵ĿҶĻ뿪ķһֵۣܱתһȥˡ

ͬʱǾܲĻҵУ˿λ˶λԾǨľǿ壬ǺӲͶǵȨˡ
˴û𣿡һӣӲеĵ˵
Ǻ֮·㰲ȫֻ޶ѣǺ֮·Ͳô̫ƽˣÿͨǵ·϶ߴڣЩ֮ʵиǲŽߣ޳ǾŽ׵ںǿߣһħһ·Ҳûжలȫ
Ǻǣˣ΢΢һЦλٽϲûκεĵɫ
İɣµģ޳µĵһͽʵ֮ǿֱ׷ЩոɶλԾǨ֣ʮǰҲһĶ֡
Ŷ
λٽĻӲͫױһʮǰȻûôǿҲǸո˶λԾǨľǿߣȻھǿߵֻǳ񣬲ǳҲЩŽ׽ܹģ֮Ĳǵһ㣬Խ
һոɶλԾǨľǿܹɱŽ׽ߣȻλٽȴ˵޳λŽںϵǿ߾ȻԴһոɶλԾǨǿߣܲúӲȡ
ǺӲ֪һЩľŽ׽߿ոɶλԾǨǿҲһ
ϼһ㲻˵ЦɣǻͻĹھŽҪλԾǨǿҲޱȣҪĻſԣ˻ǻͻĹš
˵źӲλٽ˫ۣҪпһЩʲô
עҪúӲʧˣλٽԾһЦ⣬ûκθı䡣
Ǻǣ˼Ѿϻˡҡҡͷλٽ˵
ˣںϵĲλȷܹɹĻôһӹҲӵдƳ
λٽȻô˵ϵĶȴش˺Ӳʡ
ָֻԼĿڡ
ں࣬⡭ɴ˫ۣǺӲǳΪ˾ǿʮĴڣӵޱȷḻǱŵòᡣ
ͨںָ֫ںϣΪս֮ʱʧĻ϶֫ں϶ڴ߶ָı֫ںϡ
ȻʵȴˣںϿͬκβλںϣնһںϲλ۾ϣ޳ںϲλնȴΣ򱶣ںϸͲܻɹ
޳ǰɹں࡭˿λٽıֱǵ֣ȻںӲıǳ⡣
ǶλԾǨĳޣں࣬޳ǿȣٶȣǱ涼ոɶλԾǨǿߣھҲǿӰ³Խ˵еĲΡ
Ӧ÷˰ɡ
˿̺ӲλٽĻŵòᣬڶӵİΣӲȴǳ׵ķˡ
˱㲻˵ˣֻǽעǰϡ

ҶĻ˳ܼħһֱţ˿ûҪͣ˼ǾŸСʱ֮Ѿˣڲͣĸ·
ҹĻҰȰҪΣյö࣬˸ΣӵħҶĻ˵Ͳʲô⣬ۺʱεأֻҪħ쭹ôжλԾǨµ޶˱ܣ˶λԾǨĳǿҲȥѡҶĻˡ
ΪЩ޿ҶĻ˱ʮͷһжľŽޣҲòʧ
ǺҶĻ޼ɵ·龰
ڶ12ңʱҶĻѾܹо»¶Ҫ࣬ÿҲΪ˽ʮСʱմҶĻȴںЩΪǽҪĿĵˡ
սǣս𣿡
˿ҶĻȻڳϣûеĿĵأȴѾܹսǵˡ
ӳҶĻһԶžһӴľͳУʵĳǽһߣĿҶĻܹоҲ߸ǴСҾԶҶĻܸоееϢǿߵϢ
ЩϢΪеĵطҶĻпɼΨһֻսǵһƣǧ׸ߵľҶĻΨһܹսǽͬʱҶĻҲܹиоǿҵǿϢ
ŸǿߵҲֻսǵһ룬ԭҶĻΪǶսǵĴ꣬ڸܵսǱߵǿϢ֮ҶĻȴˣģΪǺͶɢǿϢϢʮ֮һûС
ιҶĻ𣿡ͻȻХ
λս룬սǾܲƼսǰٷ֮ʮϵǿߣ滹Ǵ˵нߵʥأнĵطҼͷҲֻȥĴζѣսһҪʶʶ˵е
ХȻҲǵһμսԼ˵е˿λҲЩ˷ˡ
ڼ˵Ϊ˷ܵȴĪξսˣսǣƼжŵĵطξĴչȭţſʵͬ˷һۡ
ξҶĻͺХҲһչȭţʵԼҰģԼҪҫ
ء
սǽǰҶĻ˽ħٶޣֻħ۵糸ĳսǿϮȥ
䡣
ͻȻҶĻоһɼӴ֮ԼԺУ֮һλǿǼΪϢûκζ⡣
ҶĻ㿴˵ǺηʥɢԼ֮
һƶҪһǳӴģ֧ܿԽƶĻеҪǹӴƱҪɢġ
˿ӴƶҪҶĻ˵ǰƶš
ݡս湻еģȻƶҪ˺Хٴξ˳ҴҲģսǵĽһеƶҪÿһҪжһλԾǨľǿأǹǾҪеľǿɢġ


137 һ߲
Хһ̱ҶĻٴˡ
λԾǨǿߣǿǳԽ˽ߵĴڣ˴ǵжλԾǨǿıǰ˺ǣλԾǨǿأٵĺǣֻһλԾǨǿߣЩǿڸǵоȨ֮һսǿȴֻһƶҪ
࣬ǳĲ࣬Ⱦǿڻطλ˴Ĳ࣬ɴҲԿóսǵеĶλԾǨǿߵսǵʵ
òųԾʱһֱĬԵ޳ˣǻ̫ۣʲôʱܹһ߲ӣôǱ֪սǵʵжôǿˡ
һ߲ӡ
޳Ļ䣬ҶĻˣХڶЩסˡ
һ߲ӣĸƼ֮أ֪ʱǽͬɱʱȻҶĻɢĽͬս
ͬսһ߲ӣҶĻ˶ҲǺ󱸾ҲΪһ߲սǺͰ˴ǲŻ˰ݣûʲô鷢
ͬģһ߲Ϊͬ޴սӵдģƽղɼǿߣҲΪ飬һսÿһ붼дĽȥ
ҶĻХξȻţʵǿһҲᱻһ߲ӣǾɡ
һ߲ӵÿһΣһǿԵģ֮ʱÿ֮һĽ߶ᱻһ߲ӣۣսҲ⣬ҶĻȴС
֮ͬͨÿһ߽֮ǵǰʮսǵǰʮһһһʮȫᱻһ߲ӽǿԵĲξû˭⣬ЩűҪһ߲Ӵܹ
ΪЩųΪǿߵļҪͨߴö࣬ǿֻ޾սΣвŻԾΪһȻȻὫЩһ߲ӣǾǿӦþ̣ܵΪǿߡ
ҶĻХξѾΪ˶ǵǰֻҪȵ˴ν߽ôǱῪʼԼľġ

ء
̳ҶĻħĵ糤һ̳
ӹ󣬳ͣˣΪѾĿĵأս⡣
Զʲô벻һսǵĳǽȻ֮ߡ
վսǵĳ⣬ҶĻͷߵĳǽ̾
ЩƳǽˣҶĻ㿴ţʮҰɣòƻ޹ǴġҶĻļ򣬺Хָų˵
޹ǣҿХһ˵ҶĻ̱㽫Ŀת˳ϡ
ݣ޹ģûвκνʮ׸ߣŵöǮ
һۿȥҶĻܹóǰʲôģ޹ǣ޹ǣûвκν
һżֻ߽޵޹Ҳۣ¾ǰҶĻҲ첻ŵһǡ
˿ҶĻ˵ȴЩнһ۷Źվ
䡭
ȻҶĻ׼սʱһɴ𶯵ȴҶĻ˵ĶС
תͷҶĻķȥ
䡭
ԽԽ죬ڣҶĻԴ
ޣȻͷ׶࣬۴׵ĻޣһЩҶĻɴ˫ۣΪ⼸ͷ޵ıϾȻˣ⼸ͷ޺Сèһޱ
ŽļӻȻץͷŽ׵ļӻɴ˫ۣҶĻЩΪԼˡ
ݣܼӣѱͷŽ׵ļӻħˣ⵽ʲô˰ͬҶĻһХҲЩˡ
ΪʱѱΪݳ޵֮һ
޿ɲͬҰޣǾ˽֣Ȼ˵ǱҰ޵Ĵ󲿷ϰԣԼĵʤԼУȴӵЩǻ۵ĴڣԽǸ߼ǻ۱Խߣ޵ǻ൱ʮһǻۣŽ޵ǻ۸൱ʮǻۡ
ټڽʱҰҲ޷ŴˣҪѱ޵Ѷȷǳ֮Ҫ֮ѱʦҪ쳣ҩ߽֮´ŻϰҵʱܹѱһͷŽޡ
ͳƣѱһͷŽ޹ҩҪʮңټ֮ľŽǿ߰ʱ䣬ÿѱһͷŽޱҪʮңһħҶĻͺХڿǼͷŽ֮Ż˳Ծ
ǰ˺ǵˡ
ҶĻͺХ⼸ͷŽļӻ֮ʱ޳ǽ˻
𡭡
ͻȻֻͷŽ׵ļӻھҶĻ˻ʮ֮ʱ㲻ǰˣһ˻Щļӻ
ħϵƣÿһħֻŽ޵ǣħһܹʮֻŽ޵ƣ˿ͷļӻǵǰжʮֻŽޣǲŻͣǰ
κУ⵽ô£ǰôôŽ޵Ϣ
üͷڵڶͷļӻϵ˵
õģǶǵˡ΢΢һЦڵһͷļӻϵκУЦ˵
Ŷǵˣô˵ĻǵĸҲˡκУ˵̱㽫Ŀ׼ҶĻߡ
˿ҶĻʱҶĻҲڴǡ
ˣˣˣҶĻ֪Ǵ˴ΰ˺ѡǰ
һŮһһŮڶʮ߰ң߽۷ǿߣԣһһŮͬǵеƵһǵڶβμѡεţҶĻעȴһӵϣ߽׳νߡ
ֻӵͬҶĻһСҲҶĻһǳĴڻƲ˧Ҳ˵󣬲ϵȴҶĻϲ
⣬ǳǿҵİ⣬Ʋκ˷һ㣬ҲɰⷽʹҶĻעϣҶĻХξҲĿӵϡ
ĻСӦþǰ˺ǵĻͻˡȻҶĻܲϲϵİ⣬ҶĻΪ˽ѡλǷ˵ʵ˵ҲнκУǰ棬ڵڶԴƣӦǰ˺ǾǲıڣǾŽǿߡ
пС˵еʵǿġ

УܷħǵĳߵļӻͲҹȥʱǰλκУȭ˳֮ǹ
ȻκУ֪޳ʵ޳ǶλԾǨǿԴ
ߡ
κУһۣ漴޳㲻ȥԷ˳ֱӽսǼΪݳ޵ĳš
ҶĻҲȻȥ


138 Ӵ
κУǾǶǵûʲôʵͦŵġ
޳Ϊаֱӱ㲻ˡ
ҶĻ˵ʵĺܲôҶĻͺХֻ۷Ľߣֻһξ߽׽ߣһ߽׳ΣξǻͻĹҲûʲôϾҶĻͺХƿڡ
Դ˿ҶĻţǣӺǲá
Ǻǣ˼ŵıǮ˵κУҲɵҡҡͷ
˵κУµľŽļӻսǣļȻҲȥ
ȴûκУ˼κУ˵޳ȴΪҶĻˣټκУʵ۽ȻҪߣΪκУҶĻ˵ʵھǽսҲϾȥۿսǵķ羰ǵͷ˼š
ȻҶĻ˺Ͱ˺ǵ˽֮󣬳ſڵҲһ
ˣղŲûһѶͷϵĺˮߵε˵
ȷʵղҺоһŽȺҵǰζЩûһƨڵϡ
սǳſڵͬǣǵͨˣսǵǽߣĽ׽ߣҳҲΪ˧װӺܲ
Ľ׽ȴǾܲסħ;Žļӻѹ
Щǵˣÿһʱ򶼺ܽųһţģȵ˱ʱǿɾήˡҡҡͷȻҶĻ˺Ͱ˺ǵǲ
ʼҲֻǣȥսǵ֮ڵĲ޷ԽǰڳǱ߲μӽĶ϶սǵˣЩǵܵ油ͺܲˡһͬ͵
Ȼ˵ҲʵĽ߽ǵܹΪǰڳǵԱ֮һУҲǱ油Աġ
ϾӴ˿ڻ£ӵн˿ڵսҪǵö࣬ȻǶ⣬ڳǽ߽Ҳûǵ˵

սǣǣҪǿöࡣ
սǣҶĻ˱㽫ħʼսǵĽֵϾħͨ˺͵ͽ׽ߵӰ컹ġ
׾ĸ¥ƽ·ֵһĴ
ǴĻеУееһнսԻΪȣ˿ҶĻսǽֵһ֮иͲڹһʱ֮ҶĻΪԼ˴ֱ֮ǰЩͳеУ˿ûսϢ
ŽǿߡȻ߶Žǿߡ
΢΢һ㶣ҶĻ㿴ڽֵһŽǿ˵˵ЦЦġ
Ž׽ߣּǿ֮оĴڣһٶƮǵľҲȥǣƽѵһȴһ߽սҶĻ㿴Žǿߡ
ЩŽǿˣӵн˿ڵսǣŽǿȻλܸߣԲǷǳϡеĴڣ㿴ߡҶĻļ򣬺ХָһԵһ˵
սɢӪʮ߷ֲ
̧ͷҶĻӴĽעٴ
ʮ߷ֲԣҲ˵ҲʮɢӪҶĻǰɢӪͬǺͶɢӪĴСһܹͬʱһߵĵطԿóսǵӵжٽˣҲǵʮ
ԹԣҪǰֹʮɢӪĻսҲʮߣôսν֮ǡ
΢һ룬ҶĻÿֲ֣˲䣬ҶĻоϵѹࡣ
ʮ򣬾ԲֹͷӸ˵սҲжʮߣܹﱻ֮ΪΪǰé֮ģǼĴڣһǳ֮Х˵
Ҳ̫ģҼͷӻ˵һ仰Ҳһ޵еĴڣǶǵˣμѡʱ˵һȥڳǣҲҪǿ̫ߡ
Х˻һ˲ҶĻ˺Ӳľ
ӲĴսǵҲӵмĺӲȻֻһͨŽߣȴһ·ͦѡΣҳΪǰڳǵսԱ֮һ
ͬʱӲǵƳ棬˵ݳΪڳսԱĴ
źǿΣҿܹȫƿˣһ缴һЩλԾǨǿҲûдﵽ˵ЩνĴӵˡ
ҵʵ
˫֮֮ɫ֣һ˲ҶĻٶһţδսӣǿɲҶĻԸ

߿㣬Ӵﻹһ·̡ʱǰ޳˵
漴˱޳ӿ˽Ų
սǺܴĺܴԶʱҶĻֻΪսǰ˱ңҶĻȴ֪ԼˣԲֹ˱Ҳʮ࣬ΪҶĻһֱ޳СʱսǺ򳤶ȵ֮һҡ
ˡ
ڣҶĻսǵеľɫѾҪƣʱ˵ǵĿĵأһ쳣ľƵꡣ
սǾӴ
ӴǵսǵľϾҶĻǴǵľǰѡεģԽӴǵȻսǵľ˻ûǸʸ
߰ɣѾǰԤˡ
˻֣޳ҶĻ˽˾Ƶ֮С
޳ҶĻ˵ľٶƵ֮ЩִľԱȴӶΪ޳ϵ·ҶĻϵ·
˿ҶĻŵ·ͨսӡжǱ־սκ˿·ܹϵóҶĻǶǵˣȻЩҲó
޳ҶĻ˲ܹɳֻоԱſԽľӴ
˵ķźͷúãȥܲǱ߽ǵύȥƵ֮޳ݸҶĻÿһŷ
סʮ֮ǰһҪصƵꡭ
һ䣬漴޳˾Ƶ곯žܲȥ

޳ߺҶĻҲ¥ȥˣǵķT3110λڽӴƵ㣬һͳ׷
ǰٺˡ֮ҶĻֱһƨɳϡ
ҪҪȥתһת֪һǳ˼ĵطͻȻɳϵĺХʲôһµʵ
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ҶĻҲȤϾ޳֮ǰѾ˵ˣǿɻֻҪʮ֮ǰصͿˣҾξҲܸȤϾҲǵһսǣһҲ˺档


139 
ҲǵһսǣûȥͷӺ˵ʲôõĵط˵ͷХ˵
ںХ˵⻰֮ҶĻξȴָоһȤ
ȷĵطǴӦöаɣбҪȥ𣿣˵ҶĻ¶ɻ顣
ֶҶĻҲУĴָбһ̨˽ڶģһΧ׵߿Խ3.5ĳ̶ȣǰһʱҶĻһֱ
ҶĻǻõģһΪëľŽ޵Ϊĵġ
ͬģҶĻҲźХξûǡ
˭ûУǸʱ仹һúáȻξҲǡ
ȵȣȵȡ˶һͷ飬ХϽֹסҶĻˡ
ŴҾԶУӦ֪İɣֻͨþŽëΪĵļƷҲֻ3.5öλԾǨëأǿܹʮ౶ĳǡ
˵úХ˵ȥҶĻʲô˼ˣ˿ҶĻξ˵˫¶˼Ŀ⡣
3.5Ž߶ԲãԶԶãҶĻ˷ǳܹڸصĻ½ΪԽĻڽ弫޵ĿԽкô
ҪŪǿɾûôˣΪǿɲȿռ䴢豸
ռ䴢豸ÿڵļģһͷλԾǨĿ޵ļȴҲܹʮöռ䴢ָ࣬һͷλԾǨëȴֻһ̨ǡ
ë޷ǳ֮ǿֱĳ޸һǽʮʱܳ꣬ǾŽޣһǾŽ׵Ϊǿ֮һ
Ȼһ˶λԾǨôʵҲȻҪԶͨĶλԾǨ
ͳƣһͷոɶλԾǨëܹ൱ѾɶλԾǨʮǿߣǿ޵Ҳǳ֮ǿʵĺüҪնɱһͷëѶȺܴ󣬴󵽼ǰ˺ǵλԾǨǿһͬҲһܹ
λԾǨëǳնɱôĳҲȻˣӦ˵޼֮֮бûֶֻսǿƼ֮زŻӵֶ
Ҽͷ˵Ǹһ̨ǡХ΢Ц˵ôҪҪȥ
ȥôȥХĻҶĻվͬʱξһҲվ
˱źХææı

ʮ֮ҶĻǰ
˵վǰҶĻЩɻΪǰĽʵǸЩűߡ
׸ߣռ򳡴СһдֵĻҶĻΪԼ˵ط
Ȼûȷʵͷ˵ĵط˵ͷХʮȷ˵
߰ɣȽȥ˵
漴ҶĻ˱˽ȥ
䡣
һȥҶĻоˣһ˲ҶĻоԼļϺѹٹһ㣬ʮֵĳء
ô˵Ĳɣһ3.6˵źХͷ
ӭһιгֵ
ʱҶĻ˵Ķȴһ
ǵֻҶĻ˵ĲԶڷһʵطǳĵԡ
ֵɻüͷҶĻ˹ȥ
ԭˡ
ֻڴĻʾĽܺʹ÷ʽ
ǾģһսǵҲǾģ֮ԽΪϵĽĽ
һʮ㣬ҶĻվǵһ㣬ֻ3.6ڶ44.5Ĳ5Դƣʮ23ÿһĴСҲһ
ÿһ㻹оṩңϾĶ巨Ǽ弼ȶǽߵĲƸǲǰġ
ȻǲṩģҪҪǮҪǮ١
һ㣬һСʱҪ50򣬵ڶ㣬һСʱ60򣬵㣬һСʱ70ԴƣһÿСʱҪ450
νĳֵǽпϵǮ䵽Ŀ棬ṩĿѡ
ݣֱǳ˰
һĽܣҶĻֱӵɴ˫ۣΪעķʵ̫ˡ
ͺǵһ㣬һСʱ50һʮСʱ500ʮ5000һ¾Ҫһڶ࣬һ̨ˡ
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ҶĻʱξһȴֱͳԼп˵ϣֻһſԵԵ·˳ѿ
ξ˵ſһԵ¥ݡ
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˻֣ХͬóԼпҲȥˡ
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ѵźХξںɫҶĻǿеʹҲͳԼп
15ڣҶĻڵʲЩǮҶĻĹײıָеĹȫ֮ǮҶĻָЩǮѪͲġ
Ǯ˵û׬
һ߰οԼҶĻһ߰ǰİť
ֻҶĻ°ť˲пϱ1ڣŵ·һſ
Ǯʲôʱ򶼲ð
εҡҡͷҶĻҲͬ¥˹ȥ

һ㣬ڶ㣬㡭
ҶĻϵȥҶĻҲоԼϵڲͣţҶĻȴЩָо
ҶĻ֮ʼģǲ˲һҶĻ㷢ǵ3.5ʵЩ̫ԶˣͲ󣬸οҶĻѪǿ弼ĵֿҪԶͨĽߣҶĻ𽥼Ӵܡ
ʮĲ㣬ҶĻͣʮ
ûдﵽޣӦþͿˡ˵ҶĻ˵ͷ
鲢ԽرԽãҪѧҵʺԼȥֻܹЧ󻯣ʮȻҵļޣȴʺҵĳ̶ȣ޶ȷήҵЧʡ
ҲҶĻƣȫƿƣΪֻȫƿĽ߲ܹڲͬԼλĲͬ仯ֱ仯ҵʺԼ
ɡ
ʮĲ㣬ҶĻ˸û˵ķ˽ȥ


140 Ű
ķǾΪṩңֻʮƽҵĿռ䣬̫󣬶ҵҲûʲôģֻһշ䡣
ϾĽ߾巨ģΪڳĻ巨ܹЧ󻯣ս弼ĻôҲû̫սпܻᵼ½߶ԼķɲƫԻϲнսҶĻҲȥ顣
һСʱ180򡭡
ŷڵʾ֣ҶĻ˿̸оԼˡ
ôҺûôݳ޵ɣ˵ҶĻεҡҡͷ
ÿһȻƽҪץʱҪԵЩǮ
ҧҶĻʼ
һġ
Ʒ巨еĶҶĻһһ˳ͬʱһӵĺҲҶĻ³
֡
ʱ仺Ŷ̶ӵʱҶĻĶͷϱ˿˿ˮ
ʮӣĺˮʼҶĻ£ҶĻҲѾȫˮŪʪˡ
˿̵ҶĻȻ˫ϸԼڲÿһ鼡⣬ÿһλϸ仯ҶĻȴ˿˿ʹɫ
ʮȻһ㣬巨Զͺ̼弫޵ķţ֮ʱʹ࣬ԽǽӽôʹԽ࣬ǰ巨ʱҪһСʱܹҵ嵽Ｋޣ3.5ĻҪСʱҵʱ䣬
ʮӣʮӵʱұоԼЩ֧ˡ
˫ۣҶĻʹɫʧȡ֮һɫ
ǲﳬֵҲȷԿ϶ʮĻܹҿ弫޵Чٴһҡ

ƣĺ˿ҶĻһ˼Ϊݳ޵飬óXD3ӪҺָԼ弫ޡ
û취ÿһ붼ֵǧͨӪҺָĻôҶĻҪɵһСʱXD3ӪҺȽϻ㡣

ָָһֱһ̣ҶĻֱ8ͣ

ڵϣ˿ҶĻѾXD3ӪҺİ»ָ˹ҶĻȴԾԵúƣΪľ״̬
巨ʱʹ˵ľʮĵģ˿ҶĻڲ֮ͣ²˾ƣ
óȥˣЧȻܿ죬Ҳܿ죬ټȥĻпܻҵľһЩˡ
ȴǳĹã̶ĸСʱֵһĿ๤ĸоҲԽԽˡ
վ쳣ƣҶĻԼĿ˳߳ң937ʾҲûȥᡣ
˳ʵؼΪ¥һ·ϣҶĻ˵һ㣬˿̺Хξ˻û
ϢһᣬܹȫƿЧʱҪö࣬ҵľҲҪ죬ƹһܳ
ҡҡЩصԴҶĻߵһԵĳ
Ƕǵˣ
ͻȻҶĻոձ˫׼֮ʱһΪŵȴĶˡ
ǡ
˫ۣҶĻԼĲԶһ䲢̫꣬˿ƵĿ⿴ҶĻϻһɰ⡣
ҶĻҲóľͬԼһǳƣϵǹɰȴԾɼΪۣҶĻս⿴ھŽļӻϵꡣ
ҽŰ˺ǵˡ΢΢һЦŰϵİֺ
Һ֣Ϊʲôǻɳˣѵûˣһƾķ
ŰǺܰҲ֮ܰ˶ҶĻĲм
۷壬벻ۡ
˵Լòֻ˲ŻὫֹ߰ɡ
ڽ֮Ȼ壬ȴغ˵棬ҶĻȻԼƲŰһۣҶĻԴ˵仰漴ҶĻԼ˫۲Էˡ
㡭
˲վŰһָҶĻֶѾʼˣȻĵеķŭѾ˼ޡ
֣˵ļɻ䣬˵ŰȰʮ֮ˡ
쵰
˫֮зߺ޵ĿŰֱųԼ֮ҶĻֱֱѹ˹ȥ
䡣
ͬʱոձ˫۵ҶĻҲо˶Է֮˿ҶĻֻԼһ˲ǧص
ߡ˫ۣҶĻΪмĿ˶Էһۣһα˫ۡ
˿ҶĻȴǵˣԼ֮Ȼ֮˿ҶĻöԷ֮Լ֮
һɵñ֮ǿǲ˽׸߶εĽߣ֮ȴ޷κˣҵõٺôЩ޷֮ܵȫܡ
ȻҶĻǲὫЩ˵ģҶĻû˵һ΢ܵıԷ
ȻҶĻԼ֮ʱŰȴΪҶĻǿš
ҿܳŵʲôʱ򡭡ϺɫŰҲ˲ôˣſԼ֮ȫѹҶĻϡ
һӣӣӡ
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䡣
ȻҶĻǱǿĿʱȴһ֮
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ȡ
ֻոһξ˵һȭŰ˹ȥ̶ķȭ
顣
ʱξȭȴͣһֻסˣһֻϼĴ֡
ˣսǲֵġ
֪ʱһ߳ξǰ˿ξȭͷС
ξսӳֱȫ֣߽׵һȭȥӵа˽׳εĳ̶ȣȻȴΪɵסξȭסһֽһ㣬˿
ǰǳէĹأҪְˣҶĻϽȥξ
ХˣϽߡ
һͬξһĺХҶĻϽ뿪ֻߺŰ
߼ҶĻ֮Ҳˣ˿ֻ̾ʣŰһ
ɶ񡭡Ǹ쵰Ȼˣҡ
˿ڿҶĻǼΪɵı֮ŰǻôµĻǰ׳ˡ
СӣҼסˣ۷ķѡ㡭иղǸҪֵç򡣡


141 
ŭߣָ֯ŰԺУְʮ֮ҶĻоֱ
ᵽç򡯶ʱŰȴһ˿ǣΪξڶ֮ǰչֵ֮ǹ֮֮Ҫǿ
֮Ҳǰ˽׸߶εĳ̶ȣξչֵ֮ȴӵа˽۷ĳ̶ȣһ
֮ʵȫǸç֮ǱǿΣⲢʵǿȵѡʱҶȻҪ֪ҵǸ׵ķǵҶҪ֪ŭҵĺ
ԽǽˣôıԽ˵ĳԽӣ˵ıҲ쳣أŰˡ
ŰԷйʱһҵеһȴ¶Ц⣬Ƿһסξȭߡ
ֻǰ˺ǺͶǱܹɳͻĹţּĹʲôʱôֵǮˣ
λߵɻҲûеջͻ߲ļĻһӦܹһͻĽߣʮµļǶأ
ּ˵̫Ҳ˵̫СѡÿһζǷĻͻų֣ȴ٣һ죬˸ɳ˵ֻͻĹţλ߲Żɻ
ͻСһһСӣСӵ츳ֻ֮Ǻһ㣬ǳһ㣬ֻез츳ȴ˼Ӳ˵ĻСӵʵпҲѷɫͬ׵Ļͻߡ
СӵֺкХͺӲǸСӸòʲôϵɡ
Ǳܹɳݣһ£ͬһǵˣεѡλ˼
սǵȺС̫ˣҲʱ֪ʲôˡ
ʵλߵʵǿ˶λԾǨľǿߣΪ˾ǿ֮ûܹóͻߵ⣬ҺӲҲֻһСӡ
ܹƺӲλǿߣôߵʵҲ֪ˡ

ҶĻղǵô°ôХ汦ȼææ
û£ղСӾһɵñ⡣˻֣ҶĻԴЦ˵
ǻǸϽؾƵɣʮˡ˵ҶĻָָԼֱ
漴˱㼱ææı˾Ƶ꣬ǶֻһСˡ
ȵҶĻ˻ص֮ʱ޳Ѿˣ˿޳ɳһűڿ

˻֣޳ҶĻ¡
Ѿύȥˣѡε̣ǿһ˵޳㽫еıҶĻ˵ǰ
ѡ̡˵ͷҶĻ㿴
սǽ߽ѡ̺ܼ򵥣ֻһ衣
һɣսǱıԵشΪ㣬յǰԻǰڳǲμӽ߽ʸ񣬶ҹҲܼ򵥣һЩֶ֮ѡ߿ʹκֶΣɱߡ
ҶĻעȴЩսǵĲѡ
˴ǣÿֻսȴӵʮѡεҶĻһּΪƽĸо
Уô£ҶĻʣХȱ˳
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޳˻һҶĻ˲㲻˵ˡ
ǿսԼ˴ǵģžԵȨԼԵľɡ
ҪĵĲЩ˵޳ҡҡͷ
ӦùһǵĶ֡
֣޳ĻҶĻˣѡλûпʼֶ֪˭ôġ
˵ʵҺܷģӦ˽һսߵʵϾŵսǽѡľǸҹȥһ֪ˮƽˡ
սǵѡξ
һ㶣ҶĻû뵽սǵѡξȻʱûᡣ
ÿһ߽ʱսǵѡǵ˵֮չġ˵ͷ޳˵
ţԵţ޳Ļ֮ҶĻһоսǵ˺ţѾŵ˿ĵز
ѡľȻǵ˵֮չģҪ˵ǰչ֪ǵʵţûоԵţսôܻ־ٶ
ɴҲɼսЩŵʵǰչֵǿʵ
ţȻҪ˵ǰչЩ̫Ŀˡ˿̾ξľګļһҲˣȻսǵξǲм
ȷʵܹܿӵн˿ڵսǱΪŵˣпʱ΢΢һЦ޳˵طȥˣֻҶĻ
ߡһξһս⻺ȼա
˯ɣȥЩ˵ûпʱʼҶĻһ漴Ҳط˯ȥˡ
ΪʱҶĻĺۣĸСʱĶ巨ľĥȥһ룬ȻŰ֮½ԼǴ˰Сʱ˿ҶĻľ״̬Ѿ͹ȣʮҪϢ
Ŀ˯ߣҶĻ˯ֶΣҶĻȫƿ֮ӵеֶΣԽ˯ߵĹЧ󻯣Լλڶõ󻯵Ϣ

賿ĵ㣬˯֮ҶĻر˴˿ҶĻѾָ۷״̬
겻ĳ˿ҶĻĶȴһЩ֡
ֻҶĻվڴ֮УʲôûãұȻʲôͲ
һֱȻ˽СʱҶĻͣ
˫ֱأҶĻһڳ
ޱȣ̫ˡ
ҶĻ
ܹȫƿԼÿһλÿһͷÿһ鼡⣬ʲôѵʱ䶼ߵļʮ֮һҪһļֻҪʱܹɣѾһµʱ䣬൱ڱ꣬ſŰˣ治֪Щֻƿ˱ƤĽҪòš
Ҫüɡ
ҡҡͷҶĻȥЩϢһᣬҶĻٶҶĻΪԼµ̣λ
Һ֮ʱ̫ľҶĻһֱܹȥ
һֱ8ʱҶĻֹͣʱ޳ͺХξҲѾ˸Եĳ


142 װꣿ
8һ̣ҶĻ˺޳Ѿվ˾ӴƵ֮⡣
߰ɣصսǵĵһ䶷ﲢ̫Զ޳˵ͷʾҶĻ˸ϡ
սǵռ㼫ΪˣһǵʮСһ䶷ȴûнս֮ڣսǵı֮УԭҶĻЩɻΪʲôսڣҶĻһ䶷֪֮ˡ
󣬵һ䶷ҶĻĵһӡǴޱȵľ޴˵ҶĻĽﵱռĽռжʮ򳡴СһۿȥͬһСͳһ޶
һ䶷ҲǷ¹ʽģֱ֮ͬǰʤأǶһ޶˵һ䶷ǹǶĿŰ档
ݣһ䶷Ȼ˿ţ治֪ڳǱߺųһսصʲôӡ˿ڿˮХλͬ־ҲЩڵһ䶷ľ޴
𣿡΢΢һЦ޳ʲôһ㣬ϳЩ廳ɫȥ˱֪ˡ
߰ɣȽȥ˵ҡҡͷ޳ǰȥ

ǰҶĻھһ䶷һĵطۿһ䶷Ǿﻹһξ룬߽֮ҶĻȴһ⣬Ǹôȥ
ܶˣǳˣֻڵһ䶷Ǹߴʮ׵ĴվϰǹʵľԱʮλ߽׽ߣЩĺȴһ֮ͨ˺ͽ߻УҲǧˡ
ϾʢֻһΣǽ߻ͨˣֻҪʱ䣬лᣬôǶǰۿһҶĻǸôȥŶӵĻ֪Ҫʱ䡣
߰ɣǶǣҪŶӣڹۿʱҲλá
ҶĻˣ޳ֱӲ߽˵һ䶷ĴţЩڿҶĻ·϶ǵı־֮ûȥǡ
ݣ˶࣬벻˸ࡣ
һһ䶷кХ㾪Ϊʵ̫ˣȥֻǼûб߼ʵĿ̨ѾˣҲϰ򣬿νɽ˺
Ȼǰɽ˺ҶĻûʲôϵģоΪǰŵ⿴̨һǰʽġ
ڸ޳ŵҶĻȴüͷХξҲ¶˲õɫ
ΪĻã෴ǳĺã̺ģ߱ԶάͶӰǣʽߵ豸涼УĿռҲ㹻һܹϰ˶˿ӵİ䣬е⡣
Уô¡ɻĿʮˣХСʵ
ûʲôŵģĿǵĽʶһ¡΢΢һЦ޳һ
֮еʮ߸ǵ˺ڶţҶĻ˺޳Ļ˴ǵдﶼѾˡ
ҶĻ˸еõȴЩ˵еһˣλ쳣ŵɵñŰ
˿ŰüݵĿҶĻˣҶĻξ
ݣһ١ȭͷξƢѾ˶ֵ˼
ˣɵñѡʱеǻᡣҡҡͷҶĻֹξ漴ҶĻҲ
֮ҶĻĿȴһֱɨŰеˡ
ЩڲõĽĶ֡
ҶĻɨʱЩҲڴҶĻˣȻȴ֪ΪΣʮĬһͳһѡ˾û˵ûȥ̽Էĵϸ
κ˶սǵȺһʮֵĿЩǵŽͳһѡԼʵǱ©Լ
ҶĻҵˡ
ʱǵһưȴߵҶĻǰһгҶĻ֡
ȻҲаɰȴȫȻͬŰָİһɴӹɢİְֻкŽԿ׳˾ʱܹɣһֹ
ǣüͷҶĻǰλԼҪС꣬ȴ߽׳νߵ꣬ɻԼʶ𣿣
ڣҶĻڸоһ֮һЩ
Įɻ飬ҶĻʮֲȷʵ
ΪҶĻҲȷ˾ǵȼùԼװ֮꣬Ĳ໹ǲСġ
Ǹװ껹ǽߣһۣȻǴСͽ̫үֻûԸˣǰȴ߽׳εĽߣǰ˶תǹԵ֪ԷǹսߣҲԿóһ˿ź
˳Щ֮ҶĻʵǿǸװʲôϵ
㾹Ȼǵҵ֡΢΢һЦĮԴЦ˵
ǲңӵ˶ǣҲܹҵˣȻԴǰսǡüͷһ̣Į΢԰˵
΢΢һ㶣ҶĻҲ֪˵ʲôˣΪѾǰװˣĮٴγǰĻҶĻֱĩҲ벻Լʶôһˡ
ãҲμһεѡΣʱҪ֪ҵ㳹׵ذܸҡ
˵ĮԼλȥˡ
ʱҶĻȴΪ˽㣬Ž߶ĿҶĻϣϾĮһϯѾһ£ǰҶĻ°ܽȻǵŽڣ֮ҶĻȤ
ҶĻʶСӣҶĻļ򣬺Хʵ
ǰɣǰйҶĻͷ˵ˣӦҲʶɡ
ӲǵĵλνߣȨ֮һԺХʮа˾ҲʶĮ
˵ʶֻǼ档ҡҡͷХ˵СӵԸʮֲϲһϴ󣬵϶ӣҺôл˵
˵ˣСҲǵˣͷסûȴսǣһʮʮսǣҲǼˡ
սǣüͷһҶĻ̱һˡ
ұսǣѵСӺǸʲôϵɣ
ˣڻʱ򡣡
ҡҡͷҶĻϽ˵ӰҡԺ֮С
䡣
ͻȻʱһ촫ҶĻĶУֻ֮еάͶӰһ˵ǰ·̨ϵĻ档
ʼˡ
ҶĻҲ֪սߵܾѾʼˣ漴ҶĻϽһԵĸ߱Զ·޴̨άͶӰǣҶĻðⶫֻͶ仭棬Ͷǣ޷ս


143 Ҷ
ӳҶĻı쳣޴̨̨Ҳĸ򳡴Сǿȥʮ𾪣ʱ޴̨ȴһˡ
ಡ
ͻȻֻһӰһ뷢԰ףɫ̨߱ϣγ̨ϵģҶĻȴûпҶĻ߸˲ȥġ
ǾŽǿȫƶҲܿǵټȴ޷ƶ֮ʱκмλԾǨľǿߣּĴڡ
ߣҶĻ֪ǿǰݽ
˶Ա֮һȻ
λ߸һҶĻһԵڶУĸֱ㶼˳޳λλԾǨǿߵĴҲ⣬Ȼ߼ڶλԾǨľǿߵҲǼΪĴڡ
սǹһھǧ˰ʮˣЩ˵гΪߵжʮһʮˣ30µǧһʮˣ˵ܹμӴ˴ξȴֻʮˡ
գʮ˱Ҫܹѡεʮˡ
˶˵֮ʱûʹκ豸ɫҲƽںڰ֮еҶĻȴܹʮ˵ÿһ֣ÿһ仰
ҶĻ˿һ䶷еϰȫܹ˵ʲô
ڣϷʼ
˵һ仰֮˶Ӱʧˣ֮ͬʱһҶĻûпȥġ
ҶĻȴѾûйȥע˶ˣΪ˶Ļ֮ѾһνŽ̨
Ӧ˵ֱӷȥʹ֮ȥһܹɰյİ˽׽ߡ
ಡ
˵ĽŲ̨֮һӰֻ˿粽һԾƴһſ˫˵ϣͬһڵϵĻһɫĳǹѳǹ˵ı߽׸߶νߡ
ڿ˵˲䣬ҶĻȴסˡ
Ϥ̫ϤˣͬҶĻΪȴԶҶĻҪ˧ӣԴʣҶĻʧѾõĵܵܣҶ䡣
ЦɡǱ߼鴤ҶĻ˿Ҳ֪Լ鵽ʲôˡ
ϲţ𾪣ɻοУҶĻ˿̵鼫Ϊӡ
һֱҶ䶼ֻÿһʱһƽţ֮νѶȫޣȴҶĻվȻ￴Ҷ䣬һǼΪţΪǿҶ䣬˿ҶĻǲ֪Լˡ
Х۲ۡץХĸ첲ҶĻһ档
˵۲ۡʹɫ֣ХΪƵĿҶĻûɡ
ûУֻȷһûۻ۾ͺãûۻ˵ҶĻٴνĿ׼棬ֻºХһƵ
Сӣô˾ȻңһҪѵһ٣С֪ʲô硣ЩЦõҶĻ·뵽

ֶǳԿƣȴһĹϵܹȫƿҶĻܿ㽫ԼȶٴרעĿ̨ϵڶŽߡ
ݣȻҲڡ
ͻȻҶĻոȶԼ֮ȴֿһˣǱ֮Ϊ
ֻĻ𱬵һ׺ɫĽսִص̨һͬҶĻڲشĶһģһͬȴʵ˿̵ȻѾ߽׸߶νˡ
ʵҲǵ̫ЩҲҾܹѡ֮ǰΪ߽׽ߣʱҶҪúһ١
񣬴˿̨ԽԽ࣬ʸ˴ξڶǶ˷ʼ̨
һᣬ̨ϱʮŽߣа˽׽߽׽ʮսǵų˽׽֮⾹Ȼȫ߽ǿߡ
սǵʵ𣬺ǿʱҶĻԶһһǵĽ߲˳
ôܲǿսӵĴңĴҵ汲ȫǸԪ˧ս޴ĳǿߣ֮⻹С壬Щűһܴ֣ټϵһˣսǵʵҪԶǰ˴ǵʵҲ֡һ˵
ߵĻ䣬ڶǵű㶼ĬսǵʮһڶǵǸܵѹܴѹЩߵоȻ˽׽ߡ
֪֮ҪԼĽλǷǳѵģֻǿ弫ޣҪһЩ
׵Ҫ֮׵߽Ҫ壬߽׵˽׵ĻҪշ֮ܣ˵ÿһ׶ѣҪܳʱȥ򣬾һЩ֮Ҫ߽׵˽ҲҪʮңõʱ䣬֮30µİ˽׽ߵĵʱȻͻߵĵʻҪͣͱ統ĺӲһ
Ҳ˵˽ף˵߽׽ߣ˴Ǻܹӵô30µ߽Ž𣿲ܡ
ߣԽǿĽ߲ԽȤȥʹʹͬɱһ
˿ξȴͻȻ˵ֻ˵Ļ˶ɵĽĿתξߡ
Ȼ˿ξ֮ȴһסˣΪξһˣҶĻͺХҲͬ¶ŵɫ
ڻŲһıǿܾѡֲûֹ֮ΪȥμӽһЦҶĻʮּᶨ˵
δսӵĻǿԻȥˡһԵĺХͬ˵
ǵĽߣŰڣ֪ҶĻǴţҶĻͺХֻ۷Ľ߶ѡ
˽ףǺǡҡҡͷҶĻ·ȥ

սǾģʽܼ򵥣ͬѡһսһսʮ˵ѡǿʮˣԲμӾʮŽ߲Żǫ̈̄
ǡ
н߶̨֮һеˣֻ̨ʮԼʮף뾶Լ׵ĴԲ
֡
̨һάĵʱʱͶӰʾʱһСʱ
սǻսĹһСʱ֮˭ܹվԲ֮ϣô˭Գߣòμѡεʸ

ŵʱʼ˲䣬ֻһǿҵľ̨Ϲɾʮ֮һͬٶƶġ
ȥ
ȵ̨˽׽һԾ˾һԲϣûκԥ̧ȱ㽫һҪ߽׽ȥ
ͬ˽׽һ˽׽ڿ˲㶼֮ռһԲҶĻעȴǣҶ䡣
ִֻǹҶҲѾһԲ˿ȴһ߽׸߶εĽҲԲ


144 
顣
˿ҶеɫǹѾͬһߵĴײһ飬ֻһѱ֮˸漴ҶĻԾĿһ߾ȻֱҶһǹȥ
þʽһ˲䣬ҶĻ뵽һŮˣڶѡͬҶĻֵѩģѩĵĽб쳣ҶĻһֲִĸоҶʩչʽͬ쳣
ҶһͬѩĵʽȴͬѩĵĽһ迪ͺһ㣬ĽҶʽȴͬһּɵ۷ʽӦá
Ҷ趯ǹʱҲϰٿ鼡һͬһһּ临ӻĶЩʹҶһǹӳԶ߽׽ߵܹһǹ㽫ȥ
ʽͬһ쳣ķȴܹӳԶǼΪ߳ļСǴѧġ˿ҶĻҶľԽȤˣʲôľܹԼĵܵô̵ʱڱӵǿʵһܹѧָ߳ĳǹ
ǹ裬ҶǱ߸ոսһ߽׽ȥһ߽жνߵԲ˿ҶѾ߽ͬжνչ˼
߽жνȴҪȷ߽׽ǿҶһǹȻûнԷˣ߽жνҶǾʽ»ӵзһʱ֮˵ս³ֳ˽ֱ֮ơ
ҶĻȴܹóҶ佫߻ҲֻʱˣϾûʹȫѾ΢ռϷ硣
Сӵ弫߽׸߶εĲΣʵȴܹȰ˽׽ߣƳûʲôˡ
˵ͷҶĻȷܻܹ֮ܵ㽫ת˿ʱҶĻȴǽĿһ˵ϣ
üһǽ弫޿ˣȻҲǿࡣ
ҶĻոսתϣСͬҶһռһԲ˿ŴһնһոյԲͬһִص߽׽ߡ
䡣
Ѵصײһɴ̶ı𣬼ҶĻڰ֮Ȼܹʮ
ֻƻΪһͷԶĸһ㣬Ȼһ㽫һ߽׽ҷ˳ȥɳȥĽҲǱҷô򵥣֮ӾȻѾݽ̨ĵ֮Уɼ񷽲һж߽׽߶ܹ˺
˳ԾȴһҷɣҰӶĽȴʲô¶ûУֻվϵ㳯һԲɱȥûκ˵Ӱӣɼ߾񣬵ǿȴ쳣ˡ

ʱ˿̨ϵսȻ쳣ļңսȴֻеľŸԲչģ˽׽֮ռݵԲϸûκս
˽׽ߺһվԲĶ˹ۿߵսû˸ȥǣΪǵʵ
߽ͨ׽ߺͰ˽׽߱һ̶ϵĲ࣬Ž֮ĲпܻټЩûվԲϵĽŵжһεĴڣȻȥѡ߽ǿԲȥѡ˽ס
սǵʵǿ˫ۣڹۿ·սҶĻĿ˽׽ߵϡ
ף߽ף˽ףŽףÿһҵʵһη۷壬Ըͨİ˽׽߾û⣬ǶԸǵĻЩǿˣżѡսǾ35֮ſʼġ
35߶ԻֻܵһԼ״̬ȴͬոҾͺһͷһ㣬ʱԼϵͳ35һҵʵܹٴһأʱλ˽׽Ҳ塭
һЦҶĻȱľʱ䣬ֻҪʱܹ߽ףҼôֺγܹΪڶӲ
ȻһԵĺХȴҲͬҶĻһϵıͬŵ΢ЦξͲһˣսԽǼңһϵǹսԽԣ˿ξϵսѾӰ쵽енߡ
ҲǵĽ߶ǳɻǻһΪǵ˶ɵӡ
սǿʵǵɵ΢Цһɵȥ
н߶ڹۿ·սʱһ֮Ҳڿţ˾Щֲˣ˿̾޳λλԾǨǿߵĴڽ䣬Ҳֻվŵķݡ
ֻˣһλߣһ̴һֻʮ굫ȴּΪȵӡ
λ߱ڿ֮ǰݽԱ֮һ˶ܹһˣʵҲ֪ȻǲĴڡ
ӱֶܲǻʮ꣬뵱ʱֻ׵ĵͽ׽ߣǳǰ˰ڿϣ˶Ц˵
԰ɡ˵ͷֻʮ˵ûжҵڵҲʲôɶλԾǨҪģȻһжȻ
һǸСһﲻҲ𣿡
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ˣ˵սһʵڳǱӮ𣿡˵˶ϲɵ¶Щǵɫ
ѡüͷλʮͬҲЩǣһĽսǵĳɼĴǵǵֻӮ˽ǣ˵ǲҰܣˡ
һʵȻһҪǿö֮࣬ҲֻҵĴӺǸ󱲣ȥ˸ǿͣǿܹøڶɡ
ǡ˵λֻʮӱ㽫Ŀ׼ڶǽڵİǱߡ
ǣϣǱܹӰɡεҡҡͷȻ˶Ǳ߲̫Ͼ漣ĸǺܵ͵ģʵڿʱԲ漣ĸУΪֻԼʧܡ
λǿ̸߽ʱһλǿߣҲȴû˵ʲôĿһֱһϣһˣһվ̨ԲսŮӣ
ǵ΢ЦԿóıֺ⡣

ʱڲ֪Ŷȥǵרעĳһʱ
̨ϾսӰ£ϰ˵ĿⶼߣǶھ̨̾ڶǵǿ󣬸ûȥעǱߵάͶӰʱ
ȰҶĻڵ˶ӦʱǱߵʱѾʧˡ
䡣
ͬʱһһ˵Ķ̨ϵڶֵĽҲֹͣս


145 
ʣΪʣ̨ϴߵ飬һЩѾԲȴûվԲĵĽߣֻһֻ벽Ҳʧȥ˲ѡεʸܹѡεֻվÿԲĵˡ
顣
ͻȻֻһִתɢǹĻ̌һ̨ϣһ˲̨ϱһСӣλ쳣ߵĽ߼Ϊʵת뿪̨
һжߵȥδԲûվĵĽҲΪʵ뿪̨
ڣֻʤߡ
ʮԲʮŽߣ35֮󣬱ʮͬǵĶʮ֮μѡΡ
һֱۿսҶĻʮߵʵҲһŵ˽⡣
ǿı˽׽ߣȻ˽׽ߴʼնûô֣ҶĻȴܹó˵ʵߵ͡
Ȼûг֣ȴһֱͷԼ֮໥ʱȣӸԵҶĻԽ˵ʵߵͿš
˶ǿ֮ǵǿȴĪˡ¶һı飬ҶĻĿ׼߽ǵʯ
ֻʯվӣһֻжʮһ꣬˵껹˵׳
Ϊӳ˳϶ʮһ֮⣬ʵǺմϱߣʵ̫׳ˣһ׾ŵߣһҪһļ͹𣬿ȥˣӵҲͬҶһһɫĳǹֻĳǹҶĴܶˡ
˿ɢԼ֮һ쳣ܹͱһ֮֮Ȼȵѹסڳĳ֮ˣ˽׽ֻܹ֮ԼǽûϾ
ԵҶĻӵĶ塣
ֻǲ֪λԵ֮һΡ˫ۣҶĻĿתһ˵ϣ֮ټ
ӵ䲢λǹİ˽׽ᣬڶʮ߰ңпǵڶβμѡĽߣʵȴǿ
֮ǿ޷ɢԼǣⲢ֮ǿ֮û취Ϊ֮ǿҲӵԼ
֮ǿߣÿ˵һģһΪǵûκ˼УǾ͵еĽϲϾ񱾾һǧ򻯵ȴһɲĹŹִڣǵҲȻûκ˼ˣһһģ֮ǿߣÿ˵Ƕͬӵе֮Ҳͬ
Ǳܹ֮ѹ˿ӱԼڵλԵڵ֮
λ˽׽ߣȴԵüΪɣֻǾվԼɢԲ֮⣬һǿߵȴ޷ѹס
ֵˣһ쳣ԵĴڣһȴǳĬ֮ҵնӦþˡ˵ͷҶĻʮŵ˵
ٺ٣ǿŵļһǿȥͬɱһʱһԵξȴҶĻüͷ
ҶˣӡüͷҶĻɵýĿתξϣһʵףʮа˾źǱߵλһĴڡ
кХһӾʼһһֱţҲԣĺӲǰڲμѡʱͨŵӲսڶսǵţΪѡεĵڶǴĴڣ˵μѡʱֻжʮ꣬ǵһβμӡ
ΪͨţӲǰ궨ȻһΪ֪ĻټϺӲǰڵʵδزܹԼĶӴһ档
ѡεһеˡ
һЦҶĻĿ׼̨Ǳߡ

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һе̨ϵʮԲؽһֱվʮλŽҲ
35졣
˶ֻǿ˶ƹһ̨룬޼ڳϰˣ˷ͬ˶һλǿ֮ųܹ̂ϵġ
ս֮ܳʮ˺ǵĶʮһ35ʱ䣬35ǿҲȥ˽ֵһУ֮˸ɵ֮һǶȥû˻ǡ
35֮ʮ㣬ڱıԵϣٵȨ
˶ĲԱ֮һ˵֮ʱΪֱףͲܻʲôӰ죬˵֮˶Ӱٶʧˡ
˶ʧսǵľҲĻڿ̨ϵϰ˶ʼسųڴȥ̨ϵʮ֮Ҳ½̨Ҫ뿪һ䶷
ಡ
ͻȻڶŸո̨ʱһϸ΢ƿȴֻһСʯֱֱĳŸո̨Ҷ˹ȥ
˭
оԺľ磬Ҷ˵һתֱǿʯϣ漴ԴŭĿϮš
˵˭أСӡ˫ֱأҶĻһЦվ̨ĲԶŲ֪ĵܵܡ
磬㣬㡭
˿Ҷ䵱ǴסˣһָҶĻнͰ͵Ĳ֪˵ʲôǺãϵıҲ쳣ľʣֲ֪ĸоǰһжǻþһ㡣
ʲô㣬벻С쵰֮ȻⶫҡǰȥҶĻֱһҶͷϣҶĻȡһпҶĻС
пһǧĴǺҶĵһƽһͬݸҶĻġ
ǣǡϽ˰֣ҶͰ͵Щ˵ǡ
Ҷ䣬ʲôʱһˣֻһ쳣崿ƯŮӳ˹һֱܵҶͣŮӵĵһҶĻЩܲˣֱӱסҶұۡ
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ָҶĻŮӺɻʵΪҶĻҶ䳤Щ̫ˡ
硭Ҹ硣ҶĻǲĿҶ䲻ɵЩˣͬʱ˵Ҳˡ
磬áŮӵķӦҲܿ죬ҶĻʺ
ŮѣָŮӣҶĻҲЩŵʵڿܵܵı֮ҶĻˣ˿ҶĻȴ⡣
һ򶼺ľګĵܵܶҵӣͻĹžȻǸҶĻһҪ޳ĳ嶯
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ݣˣС쵰Σж־ķֻǰʵֻҪӵ㹻ʵͳɾͣǾͻŮӻ˧磬ĸ࣬ʱǰǸݵҲпܡ
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ȭͷ˲ҶĻٴ̧ͷ˿ҶĻѾָ˷ŵı顣


146 ȥ
ʦܣλ𣿡ʱǹҶĻΪԵȴҶߣӶҶĳƺҲҶĻɻ
ãҽ񡣡֣΢Ц˵
ãҽҶĻ
ɫƽĴɻҶĻ֣ͬԷ֡
ͬԷӴ˲ҶĻȴЩ𾪣ҶĻһֱڹעλԵİ˽׽ߣҶĻҲֻǵ֪ǺԸǳԵѣ֪ܵԷľʵڽӴʱҶĻʹԼ
һ˲䣬ҶĻԼжϳ˶Էǿȡ
һͷԶűһ㣬ǿѾҶĻԤϣһҶĻһֻԼ˽ףɰ˽׵Ѫ֮úԼܹﵽԷ̶ֳȵĸо
ģһҪȥʦһˡ˵˵ͷʦܣʦ㡣
֪ˣʦ֡
漴ֻηɴܣߴİ˹ȥҶĻȴһĿȥıӰ

һСʱ֮
ԭˡ컯Ū˰ЦһҶĻЩ̾ˡ
˿̾һСʱĽ̸֮ҶĻ֪ܵܵľԼҶʧԭ
ʵľҲܼ򵥣ֻ˵˲ֻǴҶĻһ˵ϣӵлҲԶֻҶĻһˣ޴ڣֻҪܹץסôÿ˶ӵУͺƲشףһ㡣
ףֻһͨǹսߣȴӵлܹõѪżǿ弼ȻѪѾҶĻҶˡ
еֻ֮ͨĺӲҲӵĻϼǺܶģͺҶһ㣬ҲӵԼĻ
ҶĻʵ֮ܽΪĻ˵츳ͻġ
ҶĻոճΪ߲֮ҶΪ˽ߣҶΪ˸ҶĻһϲԲûн¸ҶĻҶȴǳûлҶĻˡ
ΪʱѾһĵĽ֮ܳŵһĵܲýصǷʽģͲϵˣҶ伴ҪϵҶĻҲûǸᡣ
컯ŪˣڷʽҶȽ֮ܳҵʱȴַһ¡
Ҷ츳ͬҶĻһҶڳΪ֮ҲӵԼ츳֮츳ȻҶĻĻͻôȴҲΪףһ쳣ϡе츳
ƣҶ츳ڶĿƣҶĻֻͻһִ츳ҶոճΪܹ߱õпĴ󲿷ּ⣬һַǳ츳֮ͨоһ츳ȻҶĻ츳ҪѷɫˣҶֻܹԼĴ󲿷ּ⣬ҶĻһֱܹȫƿ⣬ͷëҲƿء
ȴ룬츳ҶеĻԻ֮·
һĵܲãҲͬ˶һλֻʮӣλǿĴڱӵ츳ͬҶһģһ츳
ǺҶ֮λǿڵ£ΪĶӣʼһģֱҶ䷽ųʦԼ
ҶһֱûϵҶĻԭҲܼ򵥣ҶĻһľϲϾҶĻΪѧѾ̫࣬Ҷ俴ԼĳɾԽߣôҲԽοԽܹôΪԼҶ俴ҶĻֻһͨˣѾĸҶĻһǧ򣬿ҶĻһֱȵг֮ʱҶŻÿһʱֻдһƽŸҶĻ
ȷʵ컯ŪˣһǹĵܵܵĴ磬һҪϲĵܵܣȴ˾ȻˣһҶгɺĵһ졣
벻㾹Ȼܹӵ˻ҲڳˡοĿǰĵܵܣҶĻһ˵ĸˣԼǹΪõܵܳɲţĵܵѾɲˡ
ǺǡŴοı飬ҶҲЦ˳
Ŷ磬㡣˵ҶһתһпС
ʮڣʦģ磬ӦúҪǮɡ
ڽ̸֮ʱҶĻҲ˵ԼĴ徭Ҷ֪ԼĴҪǮ
Ҷóп֮ҶĻȴò̾һ仰˺Ҷ侹ȻҲӵпռ䴢豸һֻʮڣⶼҶĻһˡ
СӣԼŰɡһҶͷϣҶĻһЦ˵нţʲôȱֻһ˱ܹǴǣȻٵ֪٣ôҪǮ
Ҷ˵ʲôҶĻ˵Ҫ˵ˣѶȥɣǵûء
˵ҶĻָָվڲԶҶλŮӡ
סȵܾѡʱҿʵ
˵ҶĻ뿪֮ڵİǱ߶ȥ
ûʲô仯΢΢һЦԼıӰҶһ˵̹绹ǺǰһţҪǿϲ£һ㶼û䡣

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ҶĻոջص߱㴫˺Х˿ֻ֮ʣˣҶĻХξ޳ҲˣξͺХźġ
ˣ߰ɣҲȥ
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Ҷ䣿ѾӥòȥչˣҶĻԼĵܵǸˣܹԼء
ӦıŬԼʵҪǱǸС׷Ͽɾûˡ
˿̵ҶĻνǶʮ㣬ۿսŵսӵҰĵҶĻȻҪЩνţڴ˴ѡϳΪµĴ棬ټͷصȥҶĻѾȲҪȥˡ
Ͼҫ˵ĳޣ˶ģҶʵҲҶĻоѹ
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ûоҲûиоٶȱǿϢ˵ξҡҡͷ
ݣҸӼļһ˵ЩʲôԹһ䣬Х漴Ҳų˹ȥ
35죬ԴҶĻϴ޳֪ѡεʱ֮ҶĻԼļƻ35Լδɵ
֮ǰһ²ԶԶҶĻȫƿԼͷ·һͷһ㣬һµûܽιҶĻԼƶ˽ƻ
ڵֵĵϸûҪûбҪΪҶĻ߾ǵҲ鲻ʲôҲܲЩ֮ϵʵսͲ𵽶ãֻԼӵоǿʵҶĻܹ֤Լѡ֮ʤ

ͬϴһʮĲ㣬ϴεǸ䡣
˿ҶĻоŶ巨һĶϸӵĺҶĻܹܵõԼ𽥱ǿš


147 ǲɱ
賿ĵ࣬Խ˯ߵҶĻ˴һֱͣ
ҸԼƶƻһΪһ׵ƻһ׶ͳ߽ףڶ׶߽׵ƻһ׶Ҫȶ߽׵ʵһ·ƿ״̬
ȥ׶ƻ֮һһǱʵսʵս
ҴӳΪ׽ߵڣǼ֮ûоʲôʵսҵ֮һֱôǿ˵ЩҲֻЩ۷壬׺߽֮ѣڲμѡεŵҵ֮Ӧġ
Ҫʵսֶ֮ΣһУһͨսҵǣмûа취ֻܴ֣⼸һֱо׷ǳԣȴ޷ͻһؿڣӦҲʵս⣬Ͼսеģֻ޾սǽԼ÷š
ǣȥһɢӪȻȥɱ
¼ҶĻ˵㶫·˽ӴľƵ꣬˿̺Ӳξ޳Ҳڳ֮УǲûйҶĻȥʲôϾ35ÿ˶ԶҪ˶Լļƻ
սǵɢӪͬǵɢӪ
˴ǿ˵һֱھ״̬໥ʱȣԽĸǵľֻĸǵɢӪʹ÷ƽ̨սȴͬսǵɢӪĽ߻ǵĽ߶ʹá
Ϊ˴Ҳսǵһ֣ǶԾͺǽľҪһһ֣ԼÿǵĽҲԳ֮ΪսǵĽߣе˾ͽ˳ΪսˣȻֻҪսǵһҲͿʹսǵķƽ̨
սǣԭΪﱻ˴ǰţ޻֮ٺܶ࣬벻ɱ޾Ȼ֮ࡣվսɢӪڶʮһֲķǰҶĻϸĹ۲սܱߵ޷ֲͼ
ҲԣսӵжʮߣЩҪԼҪ׬ǮǱҪͣȥͬɱû㹻ޣսǵҲܲ˶ˣԵͼʾЩȺԼӦǾǱ߷Žġ
Щ޵Ȼȥܶ࣬޳ȴֵһᣬھĿ֮С
˵ͷҶĻʼʺԼԵ
ʮߺʺҡ۾һҶĻһʺԼĵط
ʮߺڷֲͼʮߺ߽׺Ͱ˽޻ĵطżֻŽ޴ڣֲͼעǶн˽ǿߵۣȻЩѾҶĻӵˡ
Ȼֻ۷壬ȴܹһͨİ˽׳νߣʺȥԣͬ˽޲ͣɱҵǻĺܿ죬ﻹоŽޣ˵һܹ;Ž޽֡
ѡˣ
һЦҶĻʮߺŵϸصԼͨѶк뿪ֱӳսŶȥ
һҶĻɲͬ޳սʱˣһ·񱼡
35ʱ䣬˵˵̲̣ҶĻͷʮּҰǶ35ÿһȴ쳣󣬹غʵ

ιҶĻ·˲Ŀ⵱һ·񱼳սǣ漴ֻҶĻٶٴһǿҵľ类ҶĻδǰսʱҶĻ˼Щͨ˵ĸܣûзſȫڳս֮ҶĻȴʹȫ
еĳ̼ʹֻҶĻ·һͷٱ۵Ұһ㳯Ŀĵؿ񱼶ȥٶ֮Կ߽۷ǿߣѾһΡ
Դӽ֮Ҹû񱼹벻ҵٶȾȻ֮졣¶˷ܵЦݣҶĻҲЩˣû뵽ԼٶȾȻ֮⡣
ڵĲӵٶȣ治֪ҽŽ׵ˮ׼ֽ֮Ǻֵز˵ͬʱʹòתŵ֮ʱܹһЩոɶλԾǨľǿߵٶȡ
˷ܵ飬ҶĻһ·ʮֽӽ˽׳ǿߵٶȿ˴СʱĿĵء
ʮߺŵԭǴֱ֮ǰһУȴһλǿߺͶλԾǨ޵Ľ±˷棬ֻһصĲк˿ҶĻϢһ¥֮γɵĲк档
һͷͷͷŸ߱ԶҶĻϸĴԼҰΧ֮ڵޡ
սǾϴˣôȫ߽׵ޡɻҡҡͷҶĻԼ
ҵˡ˽׻ţ
һͷӡŻƣȴͬˮţһ޶ޡ
ţͷ͵ޣڰ˽޵оܹŽǰʮܹŽǰʮٶȲһЩǿֻа˽׵ˮ׼ʺɱһϤһҸոŵ
΢΢һЦҶĻԶֻҶĻηɴܣ˿ûȥЩ߽ޣֱŻţϮȥ
˿ҶĻЩ߽޻ϮԼΪҶĻһͬ˽׻ţ֣Щ߽ȫԶԶرܿ޵еȼֻԶҪöࡣ
顣
ǹֻҶĻһܳȥֵеתǹŻţһǹֵȴҶĻһǹͲ䵱743ƵеκһһΪƣҶĻһֳ̧ŶԷһ㡣
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ѪҶĻ⿴ƼΪһǹĸ¾Ȼ˰˽׻ţֻһεѪ˳ŻţĲ£һǹȥԷƵĻţϾһָѪ
ҶĻĳɹ
ڶΪչһսҶĻڶͲͬһսֻ˵ڶ档
ڶ743λ磬ȻöӦ743ܹԽߵ1.5ƽʽǿ󣬹һڶǿˣ1.5йڶȴźܴȱݡ
ԣڶȱٻԣսʱɱʱս˲Ϣ䣬ΪǹսߣҪܹκηλκƶĿΪȷڶ޷һ㣬743˽ߵĻԣҶĻǰսʱˣÿһսҶĻҪԼԼʱضܹڳ743ƣҶĻսʱĻԡ
Ľһ⣬䵱бעһ仰ҪҪڶԲ
Ҫ743ƶ743λҪۺʱεضܹеһƶĳһλڶԲԲ֮
ΪűҪѾڶƣκһĶκһط1.5ƵתͶļΪؽڣӶۺƶܹԼӵ1.5


148 ξ
ڶȫԣ⻹ǵţֻĻ
ŲЩҶĻƿľһ²ſš
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ѣĺѣڶеķʽѾ쳣ӵˣҪٶôʽȻøΪӣÿһ㶼ǣϵٿ鼡ԼڶؽڵУҶĻƿľһ²1.75ͨ߾Ǹʱ䣬Ʋһ㡣
ҶĻŵһǹܹа˽׻ţҲĹͣҶĻʵı֡
ƪҶĻƿٽƪ˾ٷ֮ʮĳ̶ȣѪ
Ѫٷ֮ʮȻپ1.75ҶĻǴ׺߽֮֮һʹҶĻŵһǹӵа˽׽ߵˮ׼ٶȣܹȰ˽׳Ρ
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һҶĻ²еĳ̼չ˲ԿǱܱٶƶ˿߽۷ǿߣ֮ǿȰ˽жεǿߣѹҶĻŲ˵ţֲˡ
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һҶĻҲ䵽˵ϣ˿ҶĻȴѾմѪԻţıѪ
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΢΢һЦѪҶĻԼȭͷҶĻܹоõǱǿһ˿
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߽޵Χ԰ɡ
һЦҶĻԶսǱ߿񱼶ȥξսֿʼһֵսԣ޾ս;

ϰ˵㣬ʮĲ㡣

˿ҶĻŶ巨һӵĺҶĻ³ʱҶĻ巨״̬ȴͬЩһ
ǣ巨ʱҶĻǻὫջأ˿̣ҶĻȴɢǿ֮
ȻֻսͻƵ;ֻǽһսټһʱұͻˡ
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߽ǿߣҶĻֻ˶̶µʱǿ߽߱ǿߣͨҪܹ꣬߰ɵ顣
壬ֶһֶΡ˫ۣҶĻʼоԼ֮
߽ǿ߶ӵеı죬֮ǿߵǽ֮ʩӵֵϣܹں̶ܴƶֵʵʵ¸ֻܹѹ֮ǿߵǿþ߸ǧǿвܶ϶
ѡεȴûжá
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ҶĻ߽׳ǿߣӵа˽׳εĵУ֮ǿ߽׸߶εĲΣּ֮ͨߵеĻǿѡżϵȴͲֻᱻ˷ѹƣҲ˶ҶĻѹûǰôǿˡ
սҪս
ֻ޾սܹҵ֮ѡοʼʱҲҪ֮ҵĵͬһεĳ̶ȡ
мᶨɫվ漴ҶĻ뿪
߽׵Ѫ߽׵Ĳ弫ޣɱҶĻ߽׵ƻ

ѪͲһֱ1ҶĻſ˯
4㣬ӵ˯ߵҶĻٶȾ˴ʼ
7㵽4㣬ڳͬȺɱĥԼǡ
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ֳޱȵƻҲֻҶĻܹӦҶĻȫƿЧʱͨҪʮټҶĻܹ˯ߣÿֻҪϢСʱʱԻָеľҶĻȫӦƻܹԼĿꡣ
35죬һ˵˵̵̲ʱ䣬ʱܿڲ֪Ŷȥ

սǵһ䶷֮Уһλ쳣׳˶ȴֻжʮͷ׳վڳص룬һɼΪԵȴޱȵϲͣɢš
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ڶǾгѡʱǶڹעȻûܹۿĽһȴǣɼǶԱĹעȡ
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սǵעûкǸϣһĽµĴ浮汻ơ
ȻѡεĹ̲⹫ʱ˿սǵȴڹעѡΣŽǿҲ⣬˿սɢӪʮֲŽǿ̸Ŵ˴εѡΡ
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Ȼ˶һȴ֪飬Ǵ˿̶ѾսǱıԵشҲѡεĿʼص㡣

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һǾΪ˴˴ѡΣӸŽϵ˰˺ŵҲֻоȻܹ顣
ڵʵȻܹɱŽޣҪӵϰͷŽ޵İ˺ŵȴѶȣϾһͬκһͷŽ޿սôпܾͻŽޣʱɾΣˣҾȻܹþŽΧס˺ŵشҲʹòϢȥļʺСϾֻϢΧס˺ŵľŽ޻ܹҵġ
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ҶĻ֮ĵڶλˣǺХ
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ǰ˽׽ߣٶȺÿ졣˿ŰڼٳҶĻǱ߽ǰܵĻҶȻ׷ҺãһҺ棬ٶԽԽ硣
ٺ٣˽Žߡ
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ܣȻôܻӵôǿ֮
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δʱܾȣΪ̶ֻ35ʱҶĻ۷Ϊ߽׸߶νߣ弫޵ĿͬһΡ
˿ŰȴΪˣҶĻȻܹӵǿ֮ļǵһʱҶĻ߽֮׵ĳ̶ȶûУԸһǰŰɴ˫ۡ
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ŰһҶĻͣ˿ҶĻȤĴŰ
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Ȼ˵һһЩˬΪͻĹţʵӦò
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ʯɽŰոն֮ʱҶĻ㶯ˣֻҶĻ޹ƶչŰ޷жҶĻһűһʯϣ˲ǿʯΪм
ÿ죬ƶҾȻ޷ӵее츳ԤҷǳĳԿ
ŰȻΪ˿ҶĻСţս֮ʱȴġ
Ȼ֪һµʱӵʵ죬ˡ
֮ǰһ㿴ͨźͻͻ֮ࡣ


152 Ű֮
䡣
⣬ֻһ쳣ǿҵİŰϱа˽׳εĲΡ
Ű֮ͬ˵Ըһǳ֮
ʱҶĻȴüͷΪŰǣŰֻǰ˽׳εˮ׼ҶĻһĲ࣬ҶĻüͷŰ
ҵһ˫޷˫ۣξߵԣǲɼģǲ˵˭Ҳ޷֪ǵľһ
棬Űǻ棬һֿɼ
˿ŰѾóԼһѳֻһȼյĻұһֱ쵽˵ϣҶĻжʮףҶĻܹоõЩ¶ȣǳߡ
ٺ٣ΪͻߵԼĳŰϵİŨˣѾ˳˵֪ƲЩνġšģͬĵ츳ֱ
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ǹҶĻûʹֻǾۼԼٷ֮ʮߵˣҶĻǹҲӵд󲿷߽ǹսˮ׼ΪҶĻǹ߽Ѫٷ֮ʮߵ´ġ
ѪͼΪ̬ټҶĻúͣԼ壬ҶĻҪѪ߽ǿǿ
ٷ֮ʮߣһǳ̬֣߽ͨ׽ܹٷ֮ʮѾǺˣٷ֮ʮ߾ŽǿҲֻһЩΪľŽǿ߲ܹ
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һҶĻǹ޷κŰֻŰӶеĳһ˲նҶĻӵϡ

ŭĿԲŰҶĻӵ֮ųҶĻֱֱĿ˹ȥһ̣ŰٶȾȻֻ࣬ҶĻʹò
٣һҲǷ֮˫ĿһתҶĻ㿴ŰĽһŻ汬˳ǻ١
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ӵеҶĻǿֲĹ£ոջӵŰȻһ
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ҶĻŰкܸߵҪŰֲܹΣʵȴҶĻʧˣŰӦûֻͣڱϣֻӵһҵһֻڹ֮ʱֵġ
˿ҶĻãֻŰмֱҶ츳磬ʵ䲻ϻͻ⼸֡
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ֻǵбǿһЩˣʲôʸֻͻĹš

ԽǰˣԽ޷˵ĵ˵ҶĻˣ˿Űŭġ
䡣
ͻȻһǿŰϱŭŰֱʹǱܱŰϵǹɻҲǿˣɻ汬ʵҪԶš
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ǹһ̣ҶĻǱܱ⣬νʵ˽׸߶ε֮Ҳȫʹ˳ʵȻͬŰʹǱܱ֮޼

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ӹŰѾ˵ϣʱŰϾȻ˵ףһʮȥǿֲ
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ڽߵǿ󣬶ЩҲûŰһ˿Űȴɴ˫ۣǲŵɫ
ʲôܣûʹǱܱܴ𣿡ҶĻǹָŰüġ
ʹǱܱ֮ʵҲֻǺûʹʱȫ൱ҡ
ʲôҪŰʵ
ûбҪ֪
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ǹٶһ̣ŰüѾᴩ˿̣ŰѾȥΪѡεеһȥŽߣһǻͻĹŽߡ

ŶСӵʵܲ
ҶĻǹ˲䣬һλ¶ЦݣѾ˰˺ŵɽ۵˶ʱ˶ɽԣͷ¿ţȻܹ͸޾ĺҹϰ뿴ҶĻľٶ
ͻСӣ벻һǱܹɳͻĹţʣµһǺӲǸСӵĶӣֻϺһеˡ΢΢һЦ˶Ŀһֱ·
ԽԽãԭĴ˴εĽսֻ֮ˣǲõˣ⼸СһﶼܲһܹԼĶӳ
ͷβ˶ûἰŰλһȥţΪּעֻлŵţȥֻܴʵλǿ߹ע


153 䣿
ӵо츳ʵȴǿ⣬Ϊؼǣûʵϲװơ
˵꣬ҶĻ㽫ŰϵĿռ䴢ժ
ŰӦ֮ͬǰҶĻһֻͣڱϣûͬǣҶĻǸʱϲװơ
ȻҶĻոսԼսƷ뻳ʱһŴȴһ¶Ц⡣
ӵҲ󣬿ȥֻжʮ꣬Ϊ˧ȴִһ˿䣬ӦǵһβμѡΣȴͬҶĻһģһתǹ
Ǻǣһʵ̫ǿˣǸͻŰλ˽ǿЩУҲᱻնɱһȴӶŲһǱܱûóʵԳ˽ţãҶȻѡ
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һϸ΢ǹֻһ쳣صƳҶĻһǹ
á
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ֻҶĻһת޹ƶʽչ˲ܹһǹ
ɹ˲䣬˵ľΪиʱ벻Ȼ˻һ͵ϮңҺڻɱŰ֮Էһһֱţſ˱ϻˡ
κ˱͵ϮˣҶĻҲˡ
ҶĻڶһǹ֮γԼתǹָ͵Ϯߡ
飬飬顣
һǹҶĻոհγתǹûüǹʱԷȴһǹҶĻǹĻ˵֮
һ쳣䣬ƶһ֮ͬ޳֮񣬶֮ĲξȻҶĻҪǿ࣬ѾԽ˰˽׵ĲΣڰ˽׺;Ž֮䡣
ҶĻ£עҪʧˣҶĻӵһ̶ȵ͸ӹܣǺҹҲܹϵ⡣
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ڶڶһǹֲͬƣȫڶеƣķɶһģһڶΪ죬ѾҪԲˡ
ԲῴҶĻѾ˵ĳ̶ȣôܻῴ
ҪǶԷʹõĻҶĻϲΪûй̶·ƣһ㡣
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ݣһսǵеĺӵܣĲתŵǴ갷λŽ׻ͻŵģҪȾŽǿߵľö࣬һ弼ǱܱѷɫңǺŵӡ
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漴ҶĻԼϢʱ䣿еǣҶĻǰǲ˵ɽģҲС
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ôһ׷ҵңȻָȥˣڵ״̬ǼһǾº֡

ȻҶĻλ͵Ϯ߸ԻָʱХȴը˹
ǺǺǣսǵİ˽ţˡһЦХĿԼİ˽ǿߡ
˿˽ǿߵνǼңϰĺɫսѾ壬׳ɼǵ˺ۣȻ˿ѾüǿмסֹסѪȻ˲ᡣ
ۺХһﾹȻʲô¶ûУҲͬλ˽ŽսûƵء
Ѿˡ
˲İ˽ţХҡҡͷתŰ˺ŵ񱼶ȥ
ɶ񡭡
ˣλ˽ǿ߲ûֹֻһȭ˵ϣΪѾʧȥ˼ǰߵʸ
ʱڳĲ˽ǿߺͺХˣкüλһԹۿսŽߡ
һѵǹ𣿡źХȥıӰһλսǵ߽Ųɵ˿ڿˮ
ʹǱܱӣȻ治죬ʲô¶ûУһﻹҺҸղû͵ϮȻҺܿͻ
׵ˣڹۿ˺Хս֮⼸λŽǳ׵ˡ
ͬ⼸λŽһҶĻͬŰսʱҲв֮ڰΧۣЩ֮ڼʶҶĻǿ֮Ҳˡ
һӣҶĻͺХսһӺ˱ʮλŽгΪ˿λĴڡ
ڶѡʱʵǿξȴûע⣬Ӧ˵ֻһ˽ξʵǱ񣬲˿ȴѾҪƷˡ
˵㵽ҪôҪӳɱ㲻ɡ


154 
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߽۷ʣʵȴҪһ߶ѣǿһ׵ĵоȻȫûãԤҵĹ
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ξٶȹҲˣڲսʱ
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عξûκԥܵķ׷˹ȥôõĶӵ

ԼĪʮӺһصС
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˿ҶĻƱ˳Ͼ˴ѡ˶Ѿ˵ˣκ˶ʹûָҩȻ·
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С㣬ˣõһҪҵ𣿡
Цҡҡͷ˿ҶĻڵϣеתǹʽ̬εļסĴ󵶡
ҶĻ
صһˣʮֽĶҶĻ
ҶĻʵѾµ֪ǵĴһµʱ۷嵽߽׸߶ΣзֻתǹסȫһһжҶĻ˾֮ġ
ᰡû͵Ϯ㣬ұ˯ģԼ߹ġ
һ̬ҶĻæ͵
ף㾹Ȼˡ
ͻȻҶĻҲྐྵȻһǳ˺ۣҶĻλõĹϵֻܿİ壬ͿҲ࣬ȴȻˣ˺㲻̫Ҳ̫ǳʵȻһ̶ϵӰ졣
ߡ
һ˿̲ʵǿҶĻʲôϾ֮Ĳޡ
ƲҶĻһ۱˴صŰ˺ŵǱ˹ȥ
֣ȻһܹȵڵңӦҲ̫˭˵أѲǼ˽ǿߣҡҡͷ漴ҶĻ㲻ȥЩˡ
ȥ˺ŵɣҪԴͽ
ҶĻ˫ǹԶԶصҲŰ˺ŵȥ


155 ϮɱҶĻ
ǺǣڳӦþ⼸Сһ֮չġ
΢΢һЦ˿±ϵ˶¶ΪȤɫ
ҶĻǵĻͻţξǵĻͻţХСӵӦҲں˰ع츳ԲڻͻĹţҲǻͻĹţһҵĺˡ
СһʵҲиߵ֣֮֮Ĳȴ̫ټȱ⣬ԾҲ޷ж֮˭Գߣֻߣ˴ѡλܹһΪСһҲ˵
Σ˴ڳǱ߾ٰĽᣬսȴǲԵ̫ǲڳǣøڶûģƾЩСһʵҲδزܶͷ
⣬˶һѡ֮νǷǳ⡣
˶˵ʱҶĻȴ
ʲôصָҶĻһ˵ΪԸղſʼСʱʱҶĻһֱɵûҶĻǷĻ̥
С㣬òвѡߵĿĵضǰ˺ɡʼҶĻһЦָǰ
ѵΪֱߣб·
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˼ԣȰҶĻ˾͵ϮȴԩҶĻˣҶĻû뷨
ǻһİ˵ĻҶĻʱᶯֽնɱŮҶĻ²ȥ֣οҶĻҲΪԼںʲôͻ
ҶĻҲΪǰ˺ŵ·ϲ̫ôҲиŮͲǡ
̫ˣѵΪ°ܽʲôв𣿡ҶĻΪ޹˵
ߡ
һתŰ˺ŵȥ˿Ŵصȴ˺ܶ࣬ԣҶĻźķ֮ġ
ˣԺҪ׷еѶȰ
εԼĶͷҶĻǰȥ

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ҶĻոߵ˺ŵʱȴڲԶ۲ǣһͬҶĻһʹˡ
ձȻҪСնɱλ֮ǰҲʶʵ¶֮ɫ˽ضŲԶҶĻʵǲҲԶһȵ߳ŽްΧȦʱڣǶȻ޷һ
һҪɱ֣ӵͷ˵
˿վ˶ǹۿҶĻŰս̵ˣǶҶĻźļɵԲŻҪҶĻϾҶĻڣǸûκϣֻҶĻˣǲһЩϣ
֣СȴǺСһ飬С椵ʵǻҪǿһߣıţҪֵĻô죬Ǹû֡
˫ۣλӶȴΪɵ
񽻸ҡ
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ϵ͵Ϯ£ֻҪһ֣ȻģȥնɱҶĻͿˡ
˵Ļ䣬˱¶Ц⡣

ЩԾ
˿ҶĻѾ˰˺ŵıԵشֻҪǰ߲һǧ׵ľ룬ܹŽ޵İΧȦʱҶĻȴЩԾһֵд΢ΣС
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ಡ
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ҪɱҶĻļˡ
诣С˾Ȼǰ
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վмҶĻҪ׷ɱˣȻҶĻûмˣɢ֮ҶĻȴϵã˵ҶĻҲ֪ƽsзš
ߵԴȴΪѿҸӺܵͣȥᡣ
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Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦһ㳯Զٱȥ˿ûҪֵ˼

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̼ƽsѾ任ʮƣʮǹҶĻȥ
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һԴˣֻԴóԼһ̹ذס
ȻذжҶԷǳҡ
δܶԴеذ׾ֱҶĻĺȥ
ǿĶԣȻҶܹܵõǿҵΣԴеذ׸ոջӶҶĻоԼĺһΣ֡
ذϵĶһЩΪľŽޣܱУһУҾǲҲòС
޹ƶʽչҶĻһתҪƿԴҶĻЩûбܿϵսһӡ
ٶȣԴҲţ츳Ӧٶȡ
üͷҶĻ̱Դ츳˿ҶĻҲ׶ԷΪʲôܹɱԼˡ
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˲䣬ֻƽs㱬Լ֮ͬʱԴҲԼ֮
ԴԼ֮˲䣬ҶĻȴ¶˳ԾɫΪԴ֮ǿ󣬱ϾԴֻ֮а˽׳εĲΣҶĻ磬ҶĻ𾪵ǶԷ֮ԡ


156 Ʒ
նޣƲһ㣬ԴոսԼ֮ҶĻоԷʧһ㣬ˡ
˿ҶĻʹ֮ǵж޷ܵõԷĴڣԴ֮ԾȻͬеϢһģһڱȲҪǿΪ֮ԶԽߵʵеϢȴܡ

ذ׻ӶֻԴڱ֮ٴγҶĻ˹ȥ
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ԡ
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ո˵ҶĻ㽫ָƽsǹƿˣͬʱҶĻһֻϵתǹȴˡ


157 ΧȦ
ֱ˲䣬ƽsҲҶĻɱ
Ŀ˿̼ƽsĿ˫֮г˲ʡ
ǸԲУһˣΪβɱ㡣¶һ˿ЦݣҶĻΪм˵ѵԺ󱨸Ҳɡ
õϢȴã侹Ȼս켶ǹսȻǲȱģֽ׶ȴԹˣϾķǶλԾǨǿ߲ܹĶ
˶λԾǨȥѰķĲȱҲ٣ҪԲҲкܳ·ҪߣʮҪķѵʱ̫ˡ
ڣȥǱߵľŽްΧȦɡ
˳ֽƽsϵĿռ䴢ָժҶĻҡڵĳŰ˺ŵİΧȦȥʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
ڼּ֪֮ķӦҶĻɲ壬ΪǸʱѾһ߲ӵԤԱˣڼǰһ߲ӵ˵ҶĻӵǰһ߲ӵʸʼ˵ǼּˣҲûʸֻһ߲ӲʸҶĻ
սԼ˴ǵȨģ壬ӵоԵȨֻҪû߾߷Ȩһ߲ӵκ飬Ǹһ߲ӵһСҲܡ
һֱ߲߾ߵǿ壬սǵǿҲսĸȥ߾֮⣬κθ߲㶼Ȩһ߲ӵκ飬ɣ߾ǿߵѪµɣðɵˣǶλԾǨǿߣҲһֻ߾ߺһ߲ڲܹһ߲ӵ˽й
ҲΪˣҶĻŲ¼ּҵıּҸûǸȥսǵĵһɡ

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üͷҶĻԼϢھΧȦʮ׵ĵطø߱Զ鿴ŰΧȦĶ
ֻҶĻ߷Χ֮ڵľŽޱͷԶȥҶĻܹԼԼоŽ޵ĴڣֻЩŽ޺ھʲôһ㣬ͲҶֻԭشš
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ôȥò͵͵شΧȥɽҰȴȫǾŽޣЩܹҡ
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˿̵ѾԶԶҶĻԤϣҶĻһֺĸоɽˣ˵ɽˡ
Ұ֣һҪҰֲֻ֣֮ͬϣЩŽ޵İΧȻĻֻܸɵۡ
֮ǰҪȿһ˺ŵһľŽ٣ҪȥȻѡﶯ֡
⣬ҶĻ㿪ʼΧŰ˺ŵ
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ֻҶĻ߷Χ֮УʮŽ߾ۼҲУ˿ʮ߸Ϊÿ֮䶼Ĳ̫ڻŶԷЩ˵ȴһǳֵǱͳһһ˷ǳɵ
˧ӣѴذףԴŵЦݣľ߹ǺХ
СӣһʵȻǿĵҲƷͬһ㡣
оȵɫҶĻںХʵµۡ
ΪںХʬ壬Žߵʬ壬ȥ廹Ѫԣȥʱ䲢̫Ҵʮ˿ХǼɵУҶĻҲȷǺХɱ
Хѵһֱɵ𣿡ʱһսŮǰ˵ҲˣЩŽ޵İΧȦͲǶһ˿ԳƵģҲС
Ŷ롭üͷһХתԴЦ˵
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˵ʵҲǺХģźХҲһֱڴǰİ˺ŵں˰عʵǰҲûʲôһİ취
ԺХҪֳͬ嵽ɽϾҶĻ̥˭Ҳ˭嵽ɽãҲоŽޣȴ̫ܼڰΣյشʺɢ
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һΪ޺ŵо˲ë˺üͷŽޡ
ЩŽ޵عأݲԼأ˿ξľٶǶԼֱƣ޹˼ɵơ

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һ죬ͷŽֱӱξҷ˳ȥ
ȣҪսϽȥͬЩʲô˼
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ǰ˸һ֣ĺХ˱㶼ɽϿȥҲǺХʮŽߣüλͬҶĻһڰ֮Ҳֳһͬɽϳ˹ȥ
˿ҶĻȴûж
õһᣬҪˮ㲻Ƿ֣ǳȥȻᱻǷҵĴڣõһӣһӹЩ˴ܹ߰˰ףʱұжˡ


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ţôˡͻȻҶĻоһ΢紵
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ңҶĻʹ˶Ծ֮пõҲ޷׿µĻþֻܹһ˿ǰ͸ģˮһ㡣
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ȸȥ
Һð˺ŵһľïʢĴɽƽԭ֮ģΪҶĻṩ壬ټڻҹҾۼľŽ޴඼ѾͷӳɢˣҶĻòǳɵıȥǰҲûз֣ԼȻһˡ
ν벶ȸں󣬵£һ仰ڶߵΪǱȽеġ
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һˣȥ˵
ҶĻƱɵļһһֱĵصڴ󲿶ӵĺ棬ûκܹټ

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쵰ߡ
ŭĿԲҪõһúХ⣬ųǹ˵׷ȥٶ֮һĲӰɼˣٶȴֻǱȺХһһѣʱڸû׷ϺХξǽƵء
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쵰˵Ȼһˡ
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˿̣һǧ׵ľǶԿɾͲôˣȱʵǿĴڣҪԽһǧҲʮҡ

˵ٶȼ죬ʵҲǿ̶һǧ׵ľ˵¾Ȼֻʮʱˡ
˵ϰɽ˲䣬Щ׷ǵȴͣ˽ŲЩŽ޺ʲô˼һ㣬Ͳҿɽߣ˿̰ɽֻɢɢֻŽޣûκв
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̶ĽײʹǱܱĺХ˲ذ׵סĳǹ˿ȴɴ˫ۡ
ΪХܹסĳǹҲΪХذϵ˿ѷɫΪХ״̬˿̺ХȫµƤȻ˺⡣
֧͸ХȻ֧͸ԵʹǱܱԾȴǺХ״̬һƨ¶ûУ֧͸ԵʹǱܱûκӰһ㡣
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Ȼܻ֮ʱȴ֪ǰ滹һܻ飬ںХǰ澹Ȼˡ
ٺ٣еֶλǱȽϷġ
¶һ˿Ц⣬ѾǰҶĻ⡣
ʵҶĻϰɽʱҪǼ˶һЩΪҶĻûߺХ˵·ֵ˲䣬þŽ޵ĻҺͲһʼնûκ˷ҶĻľٶ
֣׷ɡ
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ǺҶĻͬ˼˿ҶĻʮ׵ĵط׷ҶĻֻµĻþȻûȡˡ


159
ǺǣҶ֣벻㾹Ȼܹ
һ֣漴㳷˻þ˿ȴһ˿֮ɫ
ΪҶĻʵ޷µĻþ
֮ǳܹɵȻҲͺˣһɣȴʮǿ
֮޷ԽߵıʵκֱԵ֮ǿߣٶȣҪѷɫ֮ǿߣϣ֮ǿ߶սʤͬȼ֮ǿߡ
ΪҪƽ⾫ֻ֮һֶΣǣֻʹǲܹƶԷµĻþֻǣ֮һҪӵкǿǡ
ҶĻأҶĻ˵ĲôҶĻͬ޾һµɱҲһϾóµս۵ģһҶĻҹ߲ͣݵսҲܽԼôǿĵزֻǿ˺Լĵͬһˮƽĳ̶Ȱˡ
Ǹ޷µĻþҶĻȴƫƫˣǳɻ
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ȻѡҲ˵ѡӦǶԵȵģôһѡǲڵһѡĽ


161 ˻ϲ
ս켶ǹսڶѡǸһս켶ǹսսҶĻ˫ۣ˶һһ˵
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ǣһξȻѡˣһܹսͨŽ׽ߵĳţս30µǿ飬Ȼֻ˸ڶǵȻѾȵ𣬱֮ΪƥҲ̫ˣô°
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ûҲȥӷǣΪǵʵȷʵǿЩͨľŽǿ߾Ʋ˵Ķ֣ҶĻĸУȻܹµһȻĹʺˡ
˾֮ǰǾ֪ҶĻǺսǵڶҲֻǱһֿϷ̬ˣ漣һǵ̬ȫˣΪӶˣһǵ˶˵һսǵڶ߶ȷʵǷǳûӵ顣
ͬģ˻ϲǡ
սڹעⳡѡεͬʱ˴Ҳʱʱ̹̿עѡεһж򣬾ѡεĽʱͬҲյϢ̶̰Сʱʱ䣬˴ѡεĽ㴫ǡ
˿̣ͬսһҲը˹ǵȴǸ˵ģҶĻͺХǰöǵн߶оӡ
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һɳȥȻǿ󣬵ҲȻᷢ飬Сӵʵܲÿ˶һܹǰҲֻһʰˣܹ֮һ˳ǰѾллˣȴǾȻ˴ľϲ
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һﾹȻܹ֧͸ԵĸãʹǱܱӦѾȫʵˣڼ֧͸ʱĺһ˲ͱļִ򷨾ҲŲ˶á
ˡ
һЦҶĻĺХļ漴̨


163 ͽ
˿̣ǰƵʮλŽǿߵɫôÿϾղŵһĻǱǧ߶ˣҪ˶øǻᴫսǣʱǵɾͶˣǰȴɱǼΪ˵顣
ҶĻֻдҶĻǲܹһ档
𣿡
ʱһֱվʮλŽǿλŽǿߣߵҶĻĶ档
ֻɫսɫЩ԰ףһϸĹ͸¶һ֮У˺ܲ
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˵ͷȻ͸¶ϢҶĻǲϲҶĻǴӦˡ
Ȼ
̨˲䣬һڹսȴüͷ
˭𣿡ܹڳ˱ﶨȻǼ򵥵ĻɫХλ汦̱ѯ
Ǯʵôҵ°ܽһȴϲЩֶΣʮСˡ˵¶һ顣
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˺ХҲȤ񷽲ŵĻѾһ£ǱȻӮǮҲڶԷϳ˵
ʵХҲ֪ģܹԿĽɫХȻǷǳȤˡ

áվҶĻĶ棬Ǯһ¶һ΢Ц
á˵ͷҶĻӦ
顭
ͻȻҶĻͷ˲䣬һ쳣ϸ΢ȴˡ
ǹֻ֪ʱǮоȻһתǹǹָҶĻֱ࣬˿ǮȴȻ΢Цϻܹһ˿Ǹ⣬һ˿ȵɫ
벻㶼ȥ΢΢һЦǮԾһĶҶĻ
յļһ
üͷǮһǹҶĻҲѾóתǹ
Ž׵ĵУһӦûĳԼϢĶղһǹֱϢҸһչԼƾҲ㲻ղŵһǹ
óȫһܸκأһ˻ܹʹУʤ
⣬ҶĻ˽еתǹ
ಡ
޹ƶչֻҶĻ˲˿ͬʱչ2.3ٶаٷ֮ʮߵľʹҶĻ⼸ǹܾԿЩͨľŽǹսߡ
ǺǣûõģĹٶȿŽǿߣȴԶ
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ӶֻǮеһĻ迪˲㵲סҶĻҶĻȴע⵽˶ԷӾȻɢһϹ⡣
ϾȻͿо綾˵ĻӵҲӦжŶԣսپ֪һﻹʲôյֶΡ
޹ƶչҶĻٴαܿ˶ԷͬʱֻҶĻٴŶԷʼ
顭
֣һ˲ǮеסҶĻ
ಡ
ʲôôܡ
ˣǮո׼ҶĻʱˣֻ۲֪ʱһѪѪ˳۲ͣ
ߣСվϲ̨棬һ㡣
һҶĻû˿ֱתŵֻҶĻٶȳǮʼ
顭
һǹǮûκԥǱܱȥ
ܱܿҶĻֻһͨľŽ׽߶ѣֶֻαȽ϶ˡ
ҶĻأҶĻȻ߽׽ߣ˵⣬ҶĻʵȴ˿ѷɫټҶĻӽλľԤǮ޷ҶĻĹ
˵ǮѾҶĻˣֶٶ࣬ҶĻľԤ£ûʹĻᡣ
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ֱϣҶĻܹȥһűǮǰ˿ǮѾǹӦֻʹĽк˳

ǹٶҶĻûκԥֵеתǹǮؿڱһǹ
һ˲䣬Ǯ
䶷սǵĺϷɱ˵شɱ㣬Ͳ˹ܡЦһҶĻһű㽫Ǯʬ߿ˣûʵƣǺ
ɱϣɱϣͬںХ֣ҶĻһնɱǮǰǰҲʮʱˡ
һӦþ徲ˡ
ҡҡͷҶĻ̨
߰ɣȥ˯ĺХξļҶĻһ΢Ц˵
߰ɡ
ȻѾˣôҶĻȻҲûмıҪˣѲɱЩֵĽߵӿ
һСʱԺҶĻѾڽӴƵ֮ں˯ͬʱսǵйҶĻͺХ߹ʺ˵ĴԣҲڶ̶̵һСʱʧ˴롣
ҶĻͺХ֮սλŽǿߵãЩҪǵѾˣԼΪڶǮЩʢľŽǿߣǿɲȥҶĻͺХ鷳ҪȥˣǾ۸ˡ
ϾŽҲֻһµѣҶĻͺХӵܹսͨŽǿߵʵҪЩʢľŽǿߣ˹ֻбɱķݡ

һҶĻ˯ú㣬㣬һֱһ˯˵ڶ賿ĵҲ˹
µһ죬µĿʼ˫ۣҶĻ˲˹
ߵңҶĻԼĳ
У¡ҶĻȾ޳ǰ
Ŷ˫ۣ޳һɻɫ
ҪһˣҪʱɡ
ǣʲôʱٹڱǰڳǵʱ䡣ҶĻ޳һɻʵ
ʲôʱҲ֪֮ʱǴɲصңʱһڳǱߺʹһϡ˵ͷҶĻһᶨ˵
ڳǣ˲̧ͷ޳ϲ˾֮ɫ
ѵҪԼһ˴ͽڳǣ
һ·ɲȴǵսô򵥣ڼΣһСľͻɥҪʵսĻսǵĸУûбҪַ
޳˲³ҶĻ˼ҶĻԼսͽǰڳǣ·ԼĥǿԼʵ
УѾˣ֪ԼǷȱʲôҵʵȻǿٶȴЩ̫죬ʵս̫٣ȱݣֻҪܹԴﵽڳǣôҵ֮ȻᱩǣҪġ
˵ҶĻ¶˼ᶨɫ
ðɣԼ˻ںǰڳǣ·Ϲƻķһҵʱ䣬ڳǱ߻Ҫȴһʱ䣬ǰǰһ61ʱ䣬סˡ
ҶĻ˼ᶨ޳Ҳ֪ԼȰ˵ʲôˣֻǸҶĻһЩˡ
лҾȸˡ
޳׼ˣҶĻҲϲ֪ҶĻһ߲ӵԤԱܵһ߲ӹƵģ޳ǹˣû޳׼ҶĻǲܹ;ʽ


164 ʯ
;ʽڵ״̬ͽڳǣ֪ҵ֮Ǻ̶ֳȡ
߳ӴƵ꣬ҶĻڴ˴ε;νǳڴ
ʵҶĻǰʱ뷨
ͬȺսȻܹҶĻԼǣȴҶĻȫȫͶսΪսǣҶĻһ˿ңÿҶĻصսȥϢͲܹ
ֻ׿һУԼ뼫ޣôҶĻܹȫȫͶսȥʹԼ֮ڻҰ֮УҶĻܹԼ뼫ޣھԼǰ
뵽Ȼͳɡ˵ҶĻڳǱ΢΢һЦ֮ǰҪú׼һһεɲΣյһΣһҪ׼֡
ȥսǵпɣĸᣬ˵ܹŪһЩö
սǵҶĻҲٹҶĻ˵еĴˣЩνкһȣֱһ̣ĶͲһεġ
ҶĻڵʵҪŪʺԼĶҲֻȥˣطŪҶĻֱùѫȥһ
ҶĻǮʮڣҶĻĹѫȴ̫࣬ҶĻֻѡȥˡ

ĩУսʮУһᣬϰ˵뿪ʼ
ʮ֮ҶĻĩ֮УҶĻһȥΪ˽㡣
ι㿴ǲȵһ֮ƵҶĻ
ҿݣһԭĥȥһһ֣û뵽쾹ȻֻʮնɱǮҺûȥȻҹѾ䶷ˡ
ٺ٣Ҳ뷨û취ԴʮǰĵһѡοʼһǵõһˣǸ˶Ҫȥ鷳ܹǿҫ
ҶĻҲ֪һܹڳǱȡʲôɼϣҪǰһ
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ҶĻЩ˵Ŀ⣬ֱߵͷţΪŽǿ׼λԣֱһƨȥ
սǵעȼĻֻ֣ǿ߲ʸǰ棬ֻں棬˭ôԱὫ˭ȥҶĻٶȴû˸˵ʲô
ֻܹʮնɱһŽǿߣʵȻʸͷš
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˿̣һԵλŽǿЦŶҶĻ֡
ãҶĻ΢΢һЦҶĻص
֪ҶĻһѡεĵһţ˭֪ˣǲҲŽѹ׵Ǽġ˵ţֹ¶һȤɫȻǱǼġ
ѹ׵Ķ˵һƷɣʲô𣿡üͷһҶĻ֪һƷʲôֹȴҶĻȤ
ĩȻսǵʮȴлҪϺüռ䴢豸ܹѹ׵ĶͲʲôһƷȻǼΪı֮пƾ䱦Ķ
㾹Ȼ֪ļٵģҶĻ˱飬ֹҲһ£ҶĻ֪һƷǷǳֵһ㡣
һƷǼΪһλԾǨǿµʯʯ֪ɡ
˵ͷҶĻôܻ᲻֪ʯʲô
ʯͬľĶľܹ弫ޣǾŽǿߣڶλԾǨǿߵ弫ҲԿʯǿߵ֮֮Ǿ֮ԡ
ϸ˵ʯӦǱȹľҪıΪʯĵȹľҪѡ
ʯĵҪһҪһ鼫ΪʯڶҪһλԾǨǿ߽Լ֮ȫעʯ֮УλԾǨǿ߱Ҳ˵ʯĵҪһλԾǨǿߡ
ͨ£ֻЩĶλԾǨǿ߲Żȥֶ
һλԾǨǿߵ޼֮һ鴿ʯҲۣҲҪʮڲܹõ⻹мУûط˵ʯǱȼƷľҪĶҲΪ
㿴ҶĻļָֹϷĸ˵ͨľŽǿߣʵͨŽǿ߻Ҫǿһ˿ŶֻֻЩʢʵǿľŽǿ߲ʸһŰ֮С
㿴Щ棬Ҳ˶ʮˣǱߵ䣬˼λλԾǨľǿڡ
ǶΪ˽ѹױʯģȻôܻжλԾǨǿμᡣ
һ˵һĩ׼ʯԼǰʮڡ
ʯüͷһ壬ҶĻӶǿʯҵʵͨľŽ׽ҪǿһЩȴҵ͸ּģ֮ͬĹϵ󣬿˵ı֮һε;ʽбΪǿҵܹ֮õʯĻ
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㿴ߵľŽǿ߻ңﶼǿֵġ
ˣҶĻЩѰˡ
ڽ֮УǮֻһֶѣĺöͨķʽģҪóֵȽģıһѿԶ۵Ķоģ־ķʽѾ˽Ǯƣ߼ľġ
ҵпֻʮڶһ㣬𲻵ãѡʱȴ㵽˲ٿռ䴢豸
ŰԴƽsǮǵĿռ䴢豸евٿ弫޵ıһЩӰ˵ĶǼƽsһϵĶֵǮ
йľһܹ׵ƿǽָĶ඼ûʲôôЩĸռ䴢豸ȴҲֵһڡ
һԣ۳ɰܣܹҪһԣĸռ䴢豸Ķġ
˼Ƭ̣ҶĻ׼ʯȻҶĻҲ֪ϣãܹҪһԡ

ʱҶĻڶߵĽȴлš
˵룬˿ĩеĴ֮Ѿˣھİ֮ҲвˣʢľŽǿ߱ʮλԾǨľǿҲˣЩȫʯǿߡ


165 ʯ
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һŵ壬˧ľʿʵӻչ̨
ҺãǱʦӡ˵һƷ
ӡĻ䣬һ۵ƯŮӱ㽫һк첼Բľ̷ŵһԵչϡ
Ȼ˵ѹĶǷģĵһƷȴͬҲеεĶʲôأҶĻĿתĿչ̨
ʦĺ첼ҿҲڿ˵һƷʲô
һȭͷСɫᾧᾧһˮһ㣬Ȼۼ쳣Ưȴûκ⹦Ч˿ڶȴĿ׼ᾧ߻¶˼Ϊȵɫ
սǵУôֱʣȻǶλԾǨޣħԳ࣬ⶫ۱¶־ȵɫҶĻҲû뵽ĩоȻóⶫΪһƷ
ȻҶĻⶫûʲôоҪ⣬ҲҶĻǿ߶ҲЩ¶ۡ
ħԳ࣬ⶫΪһƷԲĩеҲδЩ̫ˣƺĳ߼ۡ
ħԳǶλԾǨǲһǻ쳣ĶλԾǨޣҲɲôģκνһȥҽĻôܹΪ͵ŽߣҲͬ׽ߵ1.5޷³ֻ
ļʲûоݣȷԲٷ֮ʮߣԵĻۣܹҲǾŽǿߵеĳǿߣּĴڸûбҪΪһЩ츳ֵãĵȴߣټҲĩе
࣬߶ֻЩȰˣûгֵĴ㡣
顭ľ죬̨ϵӡ¶һ˿΢Ц
ĹЧشҶ֪ҾͲˣڿʼģļʮڣÿμӼ۲һǧ򡣡
쳣İǧ߾Ȼûκһ˳ۣ˶üͷ֪òࡣ
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ڰ֮һλʢľŽǿ߽г֮󣬱㲻˼ˡ
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ˣмЩƷҲֵͬƣǾƷϾĩпָһεսǰʮģͲóһЩ
43Ʒмһ43ƷҶĻҲԼĶ
ȣһŷ弼ֱսǿȲ弼ҶĻڶ࣬ҶĻ弼ǿԼĽս

12һ̣ȥһƷ֮⣬ƷѾˣֻʣͷϷʯ
˿̳ٴΰ˶ضչ̨
ǱһƷƷŴҶڴѾãϹأϻ˵ֱӿʼ
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˵Ҳǣ˴ĩпѪˣڶλԾǨľǿߵҲʵͲһЩͨǿܹģʯһͣһĩо׬ӡ
ôʲôϿʯóҿҳʮʯʲôӶûһҪ۽硣
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ڶһȫضеСľУÿ˶¶˼̰ɫǺ޲ýǸСľҶĻҲ⡣
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Ӧ֪ʯⶫȻ⣬ʯ˴С֮⼸һ־ʯ壬Ҳһȴ޷ֱʯ٣ϾοԷ죬ֻ֮͸ʯзܹ٣ԡ
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ǺǣȻĵļɣҲǵ֮΢΢һЦľеЦ˵
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ѹ쳣ǿҵѹһֹһɣʮ֮֮࣬;֮УȫϷİ֮С
Щ֮Ŀ궼һǿʯ塣
ԭˣʯȻҪְ취ܹ٣һԡ
ˣڴ֮еĽߣһҲ׼ǿʯųԼ֮ȴΨһ⡣
ҶĻ˿ҶĻȻסˣŴ죬ҶĻƷʲôΪ𾪵һ㣬׵סˡ
ʯ˴С֮ⶼһӣ͵ʯ壿
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һʯ壬һ쳣ͼƵʯ壬ǿʯеҪö࣬Сȴһģһûκβ


166 ҶĻʯ
شҶĻʯǴӲشϿ֮еģͬϵĿռ䴢ָһͬġ
ҶĻûֻ֮۹۲ǿʯ壬ֻóһƷĽۣ漴ҶĻ㽫ǿʯ˽ָУһֱȡǽλλԾǨǿ߽ʯԣҶĻѾǿʯˡ
ǿʯһֳսӣʯСȴһģһټöָǰ˷ǳУ˵Ļ
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䡣
ͻȻҶĻоԼԴʲôػһ㣬һɾǿ֮ҶĻԺУҶĻľصʵ

صĺҶĻ𣬴˿ҶĻ¾ȻȫǺˮ
һ룬ҶĻʼָ֮̽ڣֻžһѣҲ˵ҶĻһ˲ʪ͸ˡ
Ҵ˿ҶĻľ״̬Ҳôܡ
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ˣѾ˷ܵĳ̶ȣ˿ûڳĻҶĻԻк
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ʯĵΣǸݽ֮עеĶλԾǨǿߵʵֵģͨʯһͨλԾǨǿߣȫ֮ġ
̶ֳȵʯȻǿ󣬵ҶĻȴǿǿʹãڸһӴ㽫ҶĻ֮ǿбƳŷΪʯе̫֮ǿˣѾǿҶĻ޷ܵĵزҶĻŻ˲㱻ǿбƳ
ɴ˿ɼҶĻʯȻʮָ߼ĻɫҲ˶ǵȽ̬ǿġ
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Ǻǣʯһǵ֮ߵʯϲʵ̫ϲˡ˿ҶĻʵ̫ˣȻǿϵЦ⣬ҶĻǽȭͷԿ顣
ĩеһʯ
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ųԼ֮ҶĻ̽еǿʯ
䡣
ѹһ˲һ쳣ǿѹҶĻԺ֮Уһ̩֮ɽһ֮
Ȼ֮Ȼǿ󣬵ȴҶĻĳܷΧ֮ڣͬҶĻָǿʯһ˲㽫ҶĻϳȥ
ǿҽָǿʯ̫ˣҸûлȥ֮ʯȴͬʯԲһ飬ȴܹܵõе֮
˿ҶĻĸоͬںӲ֮¼һ޶ҶĻڵѹȴȵ֪Ҫ˶٣Ӳֻ΢ųԼ֮ڡ
ӣ״ֻ̬ܳӣ⻹ֻʯıԵشҵ֮ԽǿģܵѹԽһԼ
Լ֮ҶĻʯĵش
ڣҶĻʮֽӽĵλʱҶĻоԼͷƱػһ㣬֮˲˳ʯ
ǺǺǣʯе֮ǴɢģʯŶ㣬ڷǳӽĵĵطܹܵõǿʯԵشĸо
ǿʯȴСɴ˿ɼǿʯƷҲ˶ּǿġ
ٴλعҶĻԼǿʯΪˡ
ЩϧΧ֮ұ޷ܣҸûʹǿʯҵǣŽף̨ǿʯе֮ҵ֮Ž׵ĵز֮󣬱ʹˡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪܹɴ˴ε;ʽôұܹʹ鼫Ʒʯˣʱҵ֮Իٶȷ˵ҵһʱұʹˡ

ҶĻ͵͵ˣȴȥע˿еĽ߶Ѿȷʯʵԣ˶עչ̨ϡ
ģʲôۡ
ʱǰλλԾǨǿٴηˡ
ǺǣȻһһλ۷峬Խǰһġ΢΢һЦһƽ˵ʯļǣһڡ
ʲôһڡ
ݣԭΪɽҲ۸û뵽⾹Ȼֻļۣûи
ûϷˣûϷˣЩ˽֣ĸûʲô¡
˿̣ڳн߶ұļ۸ŵˣҶĻҲ⡣
һڵļۣҺҽָǿʯʯȻҵҲĲɴ˫ۣҶĻʵû뵽ĩоȻὫļ۶һ档
һڣˡ˻ʱеλǿȴ˵ֻ
۷峬ԽʯһЩ̫ˣҳʮɫľʮֽ𡣡
ٴ𾪣˿̰ҶĻڵ˳𾪣ˡ
ľһʮɫĹľﾹȻҲó
ߣɫĹľͱó԰ˣҳɫľͻȻдһλԾǨǿߵ
Īкɫľǲҿɲó٣ҳʮɫľλǿ˵
ҵļҵ֪ǻˣʮɫľΪĪľǿȻɿڡ
λǰʯּĴڶԣȻúܴȴҲûеҪɵĵزʱһ˾Ž׳ǿߵİ֮дһ
ЩŽ׵ǿؼһϣԽǿôͻļҲԽⶫǵЧһЩҳһͷѪ
ĬλŽ׳ǿߵĻ䣬λλԾǨǿ߱㲻ˡ
Ϊ˵Ϊļ۸һͷѪѾλǿߵĵߣǲ֪òټӼˡ
ߣһȺ⵰ӳʮɫľһΪԵ䵱д
ݣʮɫľ
סˣҶĻסˣЩǿߵľѾҪҶĻˣ֪ҶĻеǿľҲһһѣʮɫĹľʲôѾҶĻ


167 ֱ
˿̣ҶĻһְԼǿ鼫Ʒʯóĳ嶯ϾЩǿļ۸ʵ̫ˡ
ȻҶĻҲˣϾǰĶôˣҲûδȡ
λ԰Եľǿ֮߳󣬰䵱еڶǿȴȴ֮ģʮɫľ۸ʵ̫ˡ
ɽ۷峬Խߣź۷峬Խʯ𣿡
Ĭãλľǿ߻˵˳
ߣΪ۷峬ԽߣԱǸҪʯ˵ǲⶫԡһɽ˿ûȴ˼֮з־ڱصõζ
ˣ֮ٴƽڴ֮еڶȴ˷ˡ
Щ˶ûв뾺ĵʸǴϷģЩ˵УľԽͣôܿĺϷҲԽʣǰͲվһλǿ߼мء

ӹ󣬳ɺ壬ûκһټмۡ
ˣִʯұʦӡһɫ
飬ʮɫľһΡӡҲǸʶȤˣ˲еľֻڴ֮лص
飬ʮɫľڶΡ
飬ʮɫľΣɽ
ϲɽǰ۷峬Խʯһľӡ¶Ц⡣
Ȼ˵ֻǱ߸װװӶѣȻʦ˷ʯĳ˸߼ۣΪʦȻܹõٺô

ӡĻ£еľǿɽֱ߳˰䡣
ֻλǿֱչ̨ҵùʯ뿪ʯĳȥ˲䣬еľŽ׳ǿԼλԾǨǿҲ½뿪
ЩΪʯʯѾĵ֣ȻҪ뿪ˡ
λǿߣᵽ˽ĩ׼칦磬λǿĻ뵽һۡһЦ⣬ӡڳһļ˵
ˣҲȥооⱦˡ
ҡҡͷҶĻֱ߳˴ҶĻҲֻԼ֮΢ǿʯѣûȥϸ̽飬˿ҶĻѾȲҪؾƵ꣬ϸоʯˡ
ĩе룿ҶĻûǸй򣬶ҶĻҲµĩУһ߲ԤԱݣѾսû˸Ҷ

ҶĻһصӴƵ㿴޳ǾĿ⣬ҶĻֻǶ޳˵ͷһͷ˷档
ʯúоⶫ
ԽָóǿʯҶĻڶϸ۲ʯ塣
ԼĪƴС쳣ͣ⻬İ棬һִսӣⶫҶĻһΪûʲôʵüֵĹƷ
ⶫӦñ̵ˣҲ֪˵˭ʵҲǺ˶ͬһεġ
֮һԡ
˵ͷҶĻһ˲䱬Լȫ֮漴֮ʯ
䡣
ͬǰһ֮Ӵʯ˲䣬ҶĻоԼͷƱʲôػһ㣬һľѸٴԺ
סһҪס
ǿԺеľУҶĻҪ֮¼ס
һ룬һʱҶĻǱ㱻ǿƳʯ壬һҶĻڻоʯ嵱֮ԡ

ٵĺҶĻͷ󺹵Ľʯ塣
̫ǿˣ֮ʵ̫ǿˣҾþһֶҲ޷ֿ֮˵ĥˡ
ŽףֻҪҵܹ֮Ž׵ĲΣôұܹʯְӶԡ
˴ε;ҪˣȻֻܿã
ҡҡͷҶĻԺеľȥ漴ҶĻóԼĩеµΨһһƷ
ȣļ
ȻܹʩչֳǿļսԾҵһȱݣ˶֪ͬǹսɱʱҪ룬ҵĽսɱҪˡ
žȻǷս弼ȴڷ弼Ҳֻһɫ
ͬһҲľƪ߾ȴֻаٷ֮ʮҾȵĹҲֻ̫̬ڷս弼ֻͨɫʱˣڲûдͨ˫֮еľ޷ۼһ㣬˾ƪЧҲֻǽۼһһѣҸûа취ȵӵҲֻΪԤս
죬ʱ佫ȳɡ
˿ҶĻ˵ĻȻһЦĳ嶯
콫һŷս弼ɣ󲿷˶ΪҶĻ˵軰ҲֻҶĻȽȫƿصĸ߾ڲŸ˵ȷ軰

ҶĻͷʱսǵĺţּǱȴһƬѹ֡
ֻڼּҵǼּҵƶˣλԾǨǿߣֱ롣
ֱĳͬӼƽsʮңֱȴͬȫ෴
ƽsǱ׼Ĺӣƫݣһ۰ףֱȴֱͬӱǱ뺷ʮֵı뺷
ͬƽsʮƵϽ̺ۣһ׾ŵߣǹ͵ļܹսһ㣬һɸ뺷ơ
𣿡̧ͷֱ˵
үˡһŽǿվԵͷ˵
ҴѡϢɱүǴ˴ѡξĵһţҶĻ
ҶĻȭͷֱɢһɱ⡣
ү𱨲ðֱϵɱ⣬λŽǿ̱Ȱ
ǰѡҲү飬սǵŶնɱˣивľʵǰȥЩű𣬵Щ˳ɹ֮󡭡ȴǵȴ
ûκһܹӳһ߲ӵ׷ɱǱĻ³Ҳһ
סɿȭͷֱվҶһ߲ӴȻǿ󣬼㾡սǵҲ޷һ߲ӿ⣬˵ֻһλԾǨǿߵļּˡ
Ȼܾôˡ˵żֱϵɱٴ֡
Ҽֱݺһ͵ôһӣȴ뾹Ȼһ߽׵С˵Уôܸġ
ԣˣһҪɱȴڣһ߲ӵˣ˵ˣҲС˵һ߲ӹ
ҾͲһ߽׵һ߲ӴܹΪλԾǨǿߣֻҪûɶλԾǨôԺ󣬱Сӵڣʱеǡ


168 
֮
˫Ⱦٷ֮ʮ壬1.2ǽȳˡ֮УҶĻ˫ۡ
ʱ䣬ʱˡ
վܵҶ䷢˸ţҶĻ뿪˾Ƶꡣ
ڳǣĴصһΪĵطһжǷ¹ŵģǰȥȻҪúüʶһ
΢΢һЦո߳սǵҶĻԶȥĿĵأڳǡ
֪ҶĻ˴ó̵ֻˣҶ޳ХξҲ֪
һҶĻûκȫڽָУǰҶĻҪñԼĿռ䴢ָҶĻѾҪˣܹնɱͨŽǿߵʵʸӵпռ䴢豸

̼չҶĻٶȿʼ
սǾڳǼԶһ·ûܵκҲҪʮҵʱ䣬һҪѰǰȥսȥɱԼֻ֮58ʱ䣬Ҫץˡ
˴ҶĻڳǰѾΪԼн·ߡ
ֱߣֱ·սֱߵǣȻ󴩹ֱǰڳǣһ·Σճ̶ȷǳߣҶĻǴӾϵͼϱ㿴һ·ҲʮȺ
һֻΪսԼ뼫ޣЧĥԼ֮
ҶĻʵܹնɱŽǿߣٶȴֻǰ˽۷ĳ̶ȶѣϾ޷нٶȽ
һ·Сʱ֮ҶĻٶȼˣΪ˿ҶĻǰоŽ޳ûߺŵ
Ҵ˴εĿս򲻵ʱʹϢɣֱӳȥ
һ䣬ҶĻֱóתǹûκԥֱӳߺŵ
顭
𡭡
һҵ޺ͬǹɱʼ

ҶĻڵʵǿһͨŽǿߣսǺڳ֮䱾ûʲôΪޣЩ޴඼ھƿطΧ֮ڣԶҶĻ޷ɶв
һ·ϰĵطҲǾƿͬҶĻûжвټҶĻҪ·ûҪЩطרҲ磬˴ҶĻĿ׼Щƿصĵش
ҲڳǺͶ֮·ΣյĵشޱصĿֲ֮
֮Ͼŵ㡣
һ·Ŀ񱼣ҶĻٴλص˶֮Уһ·ϳһЩŽ֮⣬ҶĻû鷳ǰսʱҶĻҲû
ǣֻˡ
̧ͷŶͬսǲ༫ΪԵĳţҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц漴ҶĻ߽˶֮С
˿ҶĻһߣǵ˶ϲҶĻҲûǰҶĻ
ϾߵĽ߲ټЩսʱ޻ݶ޷޸ЩΪ˶ܳҵ׷ɱЩΪԼԭʹôߵĽ߼ΪҲѾֲˡ
ϤĶǣ˳ŴҶĻһ·λڶشɢӪ֮С
ţôô֡
һɢӪӳҶĻıˣܶˣҶĻЩ˵оȻ߽׽ߡ
֪ǣսǣʱ㣬ɢӪеĸ߽׽߲̫ܹ࣬ʮѾˣҶĻһɢӪ֮Ҳϰ߽׽ߡ
ѵʲô鲻ɣ
ҵ£Ͼͳ
ûȥϸ⣬ҶĻֱߵɢӪϵǰڳǺͶ֮ϣȻĻʾĵһϢȴҶĻɴ˫ۡ
ûиǵĸȻ衣
ĻʾϢҶĻΪԼۻˡ
ֶǼΪټıܹڶʱ߽߻Ծȵı
ԾʲôǽߴƾΨһ;ÿһôʵ˲ǿ࣬Ҳ˵ܹ߽ʵıܲҶĻȡ
ѹﾹȻۼô߽׽ߣ¶׼ȥǿ߰ɡ
ת˿֮еڶ߽׽ߣҶĻ¶һȻɫ
ǺǣƻҪˣҪʲôʲô
ֶǣ˻ԾȣܹƿҲ޷һƣֻƿƶ𽥴̼ԾȣƾѪͺܹãҪֶδƾңûҲܡ
ӵһЩĻã˾Ȳս弼ܹ˫ȵľϾȵĻսұȫҪˡ
ļƻʱǰڳǵĴ㣬ȿһܷõ˵
⣬ҶĻһνĿ׼˵ԣһҶĻȴǲϢ
һֵĵصǶһٶĵطλڶǺڳ֮һɽϵɽ֮УһλŽǿǰϢ
Щȴô׵õģ׵Ļͱ˹ϷһˣĻֵҶĻЩˡ
ֵɽΪɽһɽȴһͷŽľϢŽǿ߱Ǳͷɱġ
Ҳһͷڻɽһɽϲ޶סиǲ߽ޣԵõѶȿ֪
ð찡޵еĵλͬͻڽߵеĵλһ㣬ʮ֮ߣʵ쳣ǿǿڶλԾǨľǿǿޣȥ⣬ﻹϲĸ߽ޣð졣
Ҳѹۼ˶ĸ߽׽ߣЩֳִɽȥ衣
ЩһͬûлˮĻᡣ
üͷҶĻֵɽ·ͼصͨѶ֮У漴ڴ֮˸λ

λֵܣûȤǵСӡ
ҶĻո£һ׳˶쳣뺷Ĵߵǰ
λֵܣӦ߽ǹսһǵзţôҪҪȥһ˻ɽ˵ţָָһԵĽ䡣
Ķ飬ֻڽ֮˽ױսߣһɫ׳һϵƶǿȻǾþս֡
ŶüͷһҶĻǱߣ漴˼
ǵĿĵӦǻɽǱߵġ
ҲЦֵܣǼ㣬СӹҲûʲôգôҲҪȥһԣôˬһЦ˿ɻ˵
С˵ͷҶĻʱǡ
ϾҶĻҲһʱûضˣ˽⣬ͨСӣҶĻܹ˽ϢֶΪء


169 ǿĬ
ãҽҶ񡣡֣ҶĻվ
αλͬԼֵ֣ܡ
˵Ŷα㽫ҶĻǱߵĽ䵱С
һҪ׳ţһǵ˻ۣܾͿˡ
¡Īҵİݰֵܡ
ǾȨ걪
λǸոռǵСֵܣҶ񡣡ҶĻļ򣬶αΪıҶĻ
Ҷֵܣá
һ£λ׳ҶĻк
ʵ⼸˶ҶĻ飬ΪҶĻʵǶǰ˽ױսߣȻܹóҶĻ߽ǿߣһǵзţټҶĻתǹ⼸ҲΪҶĻߡ
з߽ǹսߣпǱǶҪǿĴڣȻҪԴˡ
δ磬ʲôʱ΢΢һЦһҶĻʳԼΪĵ⡣
ҶֵܣǱߵЩ˶żǼʲôʼΪ׳˶ĵ˻ָŴļ˵
ǱˣŽǿߡ
ϢŸոմģǲҪżҪ֪߽޺ֱ̬ڵģóȻǰȥȻֻһ
ҪȵЩŽ֮еĳǿ߳ǲֻܹЩվڶ˵ľŽ׳ǿ߲ܹԸֱ̬
ŶŽ׳ǿߡо֣Ž׵еĳǿҶĻͼʶˡ
޳ִڣǿһЩոɶλԾǨǿߵĴڣĩееЩŽ׳ǿߡ
ҶĻܵˣЩŽ׳ǿ̽ʯ֮ʱų֮Ǽֱ֮ǿûߣѾҶĻ֪ҶĻΪЩ˵֮Ѿ˾Ž׵ĲΣ֪ЩŽ׵еĳǿǺεǿĴˣӵ˲ɱͨŽǿߵʵ
ǾŽ׳ǿߣûЩ˿·Ҫ˵ˣǻɽϵϲĸ߽ޱ㲻ֵܹġ˵ͷα˵㿴ǱߣüŽǿߵŶӣǶڵЩŽ׳ǿ߳֡
ЩϹȥĶ飬ЩȥҲǰ״ûоŽ׳ǿ߿·Ҳվڻɽ濴һζѡ
Ž׳ǿߣˮѶȺܴ󰡡üͷҶĻ˵ҺûжλԾǨǿ߲֣Ȼ󣬵ҲֻǶЩһλԾǨĽ߶ԣˣЩλԾǨľǿ߶ԣûκô
һеģĳǿϲϢɣû׼ܹЩŽ׳ǿߵжһЩˮҪҲ̫ܹ࣬ȫƿֻҪ˶֮һԴͨһɹҲǳ˵ߴٷ֮ʮҡ
ȸСӳʱѰһᡣ
΢΢һЦ漴ҶĻͼλ˽׳

ʮչ
Ĭ춯ˣĬ춯ˣߡ
һ˽ǿ߼ææıܽɢӪ֮УĻ£ֻɢӪſڵļλ߽׽̱㱼ɢӪǿҲһŴſڿ񱼶ȥ
Ĭ죬ǰǰһսնɱʮͷŽ޶ĳǿߣߣҲ
¶ϲЦݣαһӣҶĻ˳Ŵſڿ񱼶ȥ
ܣҶֵܵʵǿûշ֮ܣǴٶȳȥ
һ߳αֱӷֻа˽ǿ߲ܹӵе֮ܡ
漴ܺ;ȨһץסҶĻһֻ첲ҲڶαֱɽǱ߶ȥ
ֻһʱ֮ɢӪſڣϰٸӰ𣬳ŻɽǱ߾ֱ˹ȥȥΪ׳ۡ
ɢӪ֮Щûжĵͽ׽ȴ¶˼ΪĽɫ
֪ʲôʱܹΪ˽ǿߣӵз֮ܣհڶ߷յӰһǿ߼ΪĽ˵
ɣ˽׿ɲôͻƵģߵĽ֮·һ˽һŽ׻һһһͻƣ߽ǿ߶ǻ߰꣬ʮʱܹͻƵ˽ףǡҡҡͷվһԵ߽ǿε˵
̾ʲôǿ֮ʮ꣬ʮҲܹΪ˽ǿߣտ֮֮Сͷλǿʮֲ˵

죬Ƿ֮𣿺λ˽ǿסҶĻһ˷ܵĿ·
˿ҶĻѾɵ˾ٶ׵ĵطټҶĻ״ΰգҶĻԵø˷ܡ
˽ǿǽепĴڣǿܹ֮֮УҵʵȻǿӵа˽׸߶ε֮ҵĵлûȫԾҵ֮͵бһЩ˽ǿ߻ҪǿҲ޷ա
üӰѾˣȻ˵ȫѶȺܸߣڵһûдһΣҵ츳Դһ꣬һʱұܹΪ˽ǿߡ
յĿмҶĻϽģϾܹһɰǾ룬ҶĻҲ⡣
˽Ѷȴܴ󣬷ǳ֮󣬾ǿǵȳţҲһʱ䣬Ŵ߽۷ͻƵ˽ף⻹һʦĽȻǻͻĹţûҲܡ
ɻԶҪ죬Ϊٶû죬нʱϰȴҪٵöࡣ
һٶ·ҶĻͽнֱ߿񱼣ҲҪһСʱҵʱ䣬λ˽ǿߵĴ£̶̰Сʱʱ㵽ˡ
һ£ָֻĬһŽ׳ǿڣᶯ֣ƻҪλŽ׳ǿ߶֮ŻᣬʱӦûһͬ֡
䵽ϣ˿̶αЩϢϾԼٷһٶǶԣҲġ
漴˱һʯϢ
ǻɽ𡭡̧ͷվھʯϵҶĻŲԶð̵ɽ
ǿҹվܹܵõһɼǿ󣬺ҽһ㣬ȴּޱȿҰ֮Ƶ֮
Ȼɢ֮
ǹǿ֮ҶĻ̾ǿ
ӦûɣĬ죬һﵱһսնɱʮͷŽޣʵ쳣ǿټ϶ǵŽ׳ǿߣƲ󡭡
˿ҶĻĿվڲԶɽͷϵһӣĬ졣
ͬҶĻ˵սĬŵһɫĶ̴ټǵһӣһͬξһĸְʽ⣬ʹĬ쿴ȥ˧С
Ĭ챳ϵıȴЩҶĻ
һҪߣһ׶ĺɫ޸޸ϻܹ˿˿ƣҶĻ޸оһ޵֮Ȼһʮָ߼Ĺʾ޸


170 
˿ڻɽվʮ߽׽СӣټһЩǿߣһҲˣЩ˶ֻǾվԭأȴţûκ˸ҳɽ
ɽڵλúԵĹϵܹȫϲĸ߽ޣǾŽޱһͷңټһڶ˽ף߽ޣûЩǿ߿˶ҳȥ
ΪǿߵĬ죬ҲҶһ˳ȥȣõһʱ䣬Ž׳ǿ˵
Ȼӵв־óȻȥĻҲһֻڶǿȫȥ֮òˮ㣬л衣
ڵأҶĻʼصȴ
ͬҶĻһЩϵǺҶĻһϵĸ߽׽Ҳһصȴš
ӹ
䡣
֮һɼǿ֮Զ֮ͬһѿɽһ㣬ȴֳɱ֮⣬ޱȵǿ
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һЦֻһͿ࣬ɫս༫Ϊо޽׳Զ˹ǹǿ֮Ǵɢġ
Ž׳ǿߣʦѣǰڶǺս֮·ϣһնɱŽ߶
üͷһҶĻĿתʦѵϣ漴ҶĻ㲻ٹעλŽ׳ǿˡ
Ϊ˻ǲӵŽ׳ǿҲǲҪˡ
ԼʱͿˡƲʦһۣĬƽ˵
ǣһҡҡͷĬ̬ʦѲ֣ˣϲʲôʱ򵽡
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ʱһȴʮһɽͷˡ
ĳ֣оŽǿ߶Ǳߣֻһ뷢԰ףȴ׳ʵһЦվ˿ڶ߽׽ȴȫһ
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֮ľŽ׳ǿߣܷô˽׺;Ž׵ĸվȻûκһܹϳȫˡ
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ȡ
γĺɫ󸫣ֻĬһϱ㱬һɼǿһ֮
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ʱûκһ˸ҷУΪڷɵУǱ޵ĻӣԳλΪŵľŽ׳ǿ֮⣬Ͳʹ÷֮ܡ
ϱߣ٣㣬ֱȥĳѨһӣα˳Żɽϱֱӱ˻ɽŷѨʼ񱼡
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޺˷𣬾ڶ߽׽߸ոսɽ˲䣬ַֻصĸֱ߽ӱ˳ҶĻҲޡ
ոմϱ߽ɽҶĻ˵ǰֻ˽޺һֻŽޡ
Ҫ֣ٶȽֻ㡱
׹֣αó󵶣ֱӱһǰֻ˽ޡ
顭
ҵս˳λ߽׽ȫս֮Уûκһ⡣
Ȼڶα˽ս֮ȴһֵ飬ҶĻˡ
ҶأոһˣأͷȨɨܣŬҪҳҶĻӰ
Сˣҿжһαߴˣ˿̶αɫѾЩˡ
αֲɵӣȻ֪ҶĻǳ˲͵͵ܵˡ
˲Ϊ𰡣һҸûжԲסˡ͵͵һԵ棬˿ҶĻѾòȫԼϢۿҶĻĬǵȾŽ׳ǿҲ뷢ҶĻ˵Ƕαˡ

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ʧֱȥĳѨ衣
δܶһӽ̽ΣҶĻһòǰ
˿̻ɽ޴඼ѾΧͬɱɽϵѾˣҶĻɵıһ·ĳѨ֮⣬û˻ܹҶĻ
ĳѨҽıԵش
˫ۣһʯҶĻ͵͵ŲԶѨ
ʱҶĻͶڻһҵľ룬ҶĻȴܹܵõѨǱߴĸ£ӽһٶȵĸ¡
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ϸ磬ʵǿˡ
ǺǣЩͨľŽֲʲôֶΡ
ҶĻ׼Ѩʱȴ˶Ѩڡ
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һλɫսһ۾ݵӣҶĻʶΪǵˣǵľŽ׳ǿߡ
ϰкɫƤ׵һںϵľŽ׳ǿߣںϵĲλۣʵھŽ׳ǿֻͨ
۾йУһ֮ĳǿߣһ֮ϣʵǿľŽ׳ǿߡ
ֻʮ꣬еʵҲаʮʮǰľŽ׳ǿߡ
λҶĻʱһ۱㽫˳
ҺڲشǱ߰£ȻĻûϵ΢΢һЦ֮ںĬ˵
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ð찡ﾹȻǵĳǿߡüͷʯҶĻЩУϲ֮ƵļһҲˣҲ֪ܲܵеù
Ƚȥ˵
ó߱ԶҶĻ˶Ѩ֮С
ʮҶĻѾʧԼ߷Χŵ͵͵ĳѨ
ȣһ붴ѨҶĻоһѨе¶Ⱦٶϡ
¶ȶѪҶĻԣûʲôá
ҶĻòԼĺϢŲȫ漴˳ǽڿʼǰ
ˡ
ʮһûκԥҶĻһʯ
˿ҶĻѾϢ֮أǻɽɽ֮С
ҶĻĲԶǹĺɫҽ׸ߵĶһƬնһɹɺԶϵĿնƮ˳ȥʱҶĻܹоõԼ¶ȸˣٶҡ
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İɣҹʮľ֮ɲǰģ΢΢һЦָһԵһʯ
顣
һŽʯ߷̱¶ϲ⡣
ɫҺ壬һҵڶ߽׽ı衣
裬裬һһҵЩѾ㹻һŽǿߴͨϵˡϲ֮£ֱӴЦϸ磬ûĻǶȻ޷õЩ裬һ
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װıӷŵԼĽָУ㽫װдıӵݸ˹С
ô죬ô죬ôõĶѵĿűߣ
ʱһԵҶĻˣۿҪ˷ˣҶĻܲżҶĻҲûʲôһİ취˿ǾŽ׳ǿߣһ˻ϣʵǿľŽ׳ǿߡ
˿ҶĻһȥҲֻķݣ˵еκһ˶ɱҶĻ

ͻȻҶĻż֮ʱһƺȴҶĻĶС
ֻеУ֪ʱȻһذף˿ذѾĿڡ
ʲʲôʱ򡣡ŵĿŹУ¶ֳԾĿ⡣
붴Ѩ֮ǰ΢΢һЦʮƽ˵ڽ붴Ѩ֮ǰþǲͬʱҲʩչ˻þȫʩչС͸Żþ
ʵܲ඼ֱۻģû㹻ǵ㣬Ȼ޷ȫʩչС͸ŻþȻôһ֡
һ΢Цţһ߰γԼذףֻһɺɫѪĿ˳
ĿѪƴҪҪӶɱУκΣһжͽ͵ġ
Ѫĵ˵ϣһλŽ׳ǿߵ֮ǿȻĿͱһˡ
жеذ׾ж
ˣֲǲ֪ҵذöλԾǨޣĽƳɵģĶԵֵġڵϵ¶һ˿˷ܵĿ⡣
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֮֮ʱһ쳣ǿ֮ϱ˳ǰķ
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ܷǲֻܷܷ˿վڰĸ߿֮Уһ˶תɢǹŵĹתɢǹġ
У˵Ȼ˵Ƥӵöλͬǰ֮Ѿƭȥˡ
ǲܷĬʦҲ˹һ̣ڿе˱䵽˵ϡ
žǸոսˣҸʱǱоǰ֮漴̸˹ȻĻǻʮʱܹ
У˵ǹĲ˳ʺһĬɫƵĿŹС
ҲǼΪ֮ڿʬ͹ǰѴѪذʱǱľҺȻǰƵ顣
裬Թˡ
ǺǺǡλɫƵľŽ׳ǿߣ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ûϣ𣿡

ͻȻڹл֮ʣһεĲɢ˿Ǿ֮漴ûκԥתܡ
ȻǾŽ׳ǿߵеǿߣŽ׳ǿߵĻҲܣӮҲҪۡ
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Ĭ޸ĻӶǰһӰС
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172
ϼһȻҪּɻء
ĬˣΪӲڿͬս˰ŽϣɲǵĹʵȴժˣܲĬ

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һĬĺɫ޸ȴȫӣĬǼǿ֮޸֮ԭ˸ɫ⾹ȻתΪ˼Ϊҫ۵磬޸ȫ
һʱ֮䣬Ѿ޸ױ׸
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΢΢һЦĬѾױɫľ޸мҲܣеذҲûлӶֻǾվѾһ㡣
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ҫ۵׹˸Ĭľ޸ֱ㳯Źеü˹ȥڿѾ˴̶
ƫˣĬ켴йе˲䣬ֻеͫһζ漴Ĭľ޸ƫԭ·ߣŹеȥû˵зֺ
ಡ
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ͬһʱ̣һѳ֮ƵĿо޽Թԭվĵطȥʦѡ
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ҽָڹжԿ쳣Ҫģڵİ˵ѾֻʣЩҲǡǡȻĻҲȥ͵Ϯ

һ䣬бһֻеذ΢΢һΣĬ̱㽫ǰڵʲôһ㡣
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ηˣĬ˾Ȼͬʱ˺ü
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һ˼ͬһʱ˹漴ûκԥֱӱ㳯Ź׷˹ȥ˿̵ĹȴѾ˻ɽҪ׷ϿɾͲôˡ

ˡ֮ȥļӰھʯҶĻһͷҲõ
ҡҡͷҶĻϽöռ䴢ָ˳͵öָҶĻ
ඣҸطȰ˫ȵľ˵
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ͻȻҶĻողͨʱȴоڸߴǿ߶˵Ĭˡ

磬һ˲䣬ҶĻͬʱʹתŵͲĳ̼ɣ˲ͨ
ҶĻͨһ̣ĬȴѾ䵽˵ϣ˿Ĭ˵ɫԵø
ݣǰæˣҲ֪ǸϹ׵õ˶衣һһԵľʯʦѼΪߵ˵
ˣϽһﻹû衭˻֣ɫĬ쾶ֱߵʬǰ
죬ȻĴ豸ˡϿһĬɫˡ
˿̣ոڶغõҶĻȴٴһ
գ¶ˡǿԼҶĻòĿʼƶŲɽн
ҶĻǺգһĬ֮󣬶ȻѨʱҶĻԻᱩ¶ʮа˾Ż˵УͷܹΪǿߵĿûһĴ֮

һСʱ֮ҶĻ˳Ļص˶Լļ档
գԵķա
˷ܵ¶һ˿΢ЦҶĻϽ˴˴εջöռ䴢ָ
ݣǿ߾ǳǿߣ湻еġ
֮ոָ̽ҶĻ㾪ˡ
ӳҶĻԺıǶʮ߾Ž޵ʬ壬ЩʬϵѪûиɣȻڲǰŸոɱľŽޡ
֮⻹һϧϣƿԿŽǿ弫޵ϧҩݳ޵ƷٶXD3ӪҺȻҶĻΪڴһСƿ衣
Ϣ濨λŽ׳ǿߵʲôĶ
һתҶĻбһϢ濨ǽָг֮ΪĶصʮа˾űƽѧ
֡
濨ЯĵУҶĻϸز鿴ݡ
ͬϢ濨һصĵһǶ巨ȻŶ巨ҶĻĻҪѷɫһЩҶĻֱӱ㽫䷭˹ȥ
滹һŷĺ弼һս弼ȭһŵӰ˵ĵͽս弼
϶ǽսҵôĻ˷ʱû𡣡ҡҡͷҶĻԹرˡ
ҶĻĶѾ߱һϵͳԣҶĻҲΪԼ滮
ƿľһ㶫ȷʵѣ̫Ļȴ׶ļⷢ󵼣ҶĻ׼ȥĶϾǿ߶ֻʺԼĶȥäĿ߶˼
Ǿͨ˫ȵľɣʱ䲻ˡ
ó裬ҶĻ׼ͨԼ˫֮еľ


173 λԾǨչ
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˻ƿӵеĺɫ裬漴ҶĻƿǴ򿪣Լе˶֮һ
䡣
ȣҽһĸоһ¶ҶĻоԼһҽһ㣬֮һޱȵĸоͣҶĻĴԣʹҶĻһ˲ݿ˹ȥ
סǻԾȴߵ󣬱Ҫס
ǿڵȸУҶĻվһ𼦶ȵվ˿롣
Ҫץʱ䣬ʹõǳ˵һ룬ԾȵĳʱҲǳ˵һ룬ұҪڳ˵һʱڴͨ
һҶĻذմƾķʽ˵һ
ͬ˫۵ľһҪȲľͬҲҪ247
һģ塭
ģֻҶĻĶͬˮһ㣬ÿνӶޱȵҶĻϰǧٴһ
ȫƿƣҶĻڴͨ˫۵ľʱ޷Ϊķ޷ƿأϾս弫ޣкܴĿܻᵼзϵĸΣնǣļ˶ǲѷɫԾڴͨʱΪѾÿҪķʱ䡣
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ʱţҶĻĶνȻޱֻ˿ҶĻѱˮʪذҶĻĺˮ
顣
ڣʮӹһʮҶĻڷ
ͬʱҶĻҲһ˿Ц⡣
ڴͨ˫۵ļʱÿһֱ۶ķҲСʱʱ䣬Ҵͨȵľȴֻʮӡ˫ۣȵеǿҶĻ¶һ˿ŵЦ⡣
ڱǵĻԾȻüӲܵȥϢһᣬټͨȵľ
ҶĻóXD3ӪҺʼָԼ
ӹҶĻǱǵĻԾѾƽ˿̣ҶĻҲѾȫָˡ
ͬһҶĻͨȵľʱܵʹȸ֮⣬ν˳ޱȣ̶ʮӵʱ䣬ҶĻٴδͨȵеľ
ҶĻִƾٶȺͰȫ̶ȣ֪˶ȻһЩΪ˴ͨзϵˣƻᱻ
֪ͨޱΣյ飬ֱҲһ
Ȼ˵ԾԽߣôͨΣҲԽͣһȴһ޶ȣΪ嵱еĻԾȲܻߵȥֵģ轫ڵĻԾߣһͨҪͨҲֻɵĳɹʣʧܱǲзϡ
˵ҶĻоν쳣ˣСʱͨ
ɳϣҶĻһ㹻裬ôұȻܹڽ콫ڵоȫͨʱҵʵȻᱩǡ
ֶ弫޺񣬽ܹ忪ޣܹλԾǨĴţʻһηԾʽļ޽ߵʣǾŽ׽ߵࡣ
ͨоҲƵĹЧһͨȫµİ˵ҲܹλԾǨĴţʱܹ⽫ۼ嵱еκεط弼Ľ߶ԣʱҵķҲܹ࣬
йľ弫޵ıƽ忪޵ⲻ󣬶һܹƿֻҪֱܹͨ߶ܹλԾǨĴţ߶ɵĻһһڶɶλԾǨĳɹʽ
ߣһǻͻĹţ嵱еĲֻѾ˶λԾǨ˵ĻҳɶλԾǨļʡ
ţҶĻ¶һ˿ŵ΢Ц
ҶĻҰģԸΪԼҰĶŬˣһʵҰĵϣô˱ƴһȥʵԼҰģޱ
54ʱ䣬ץʱϤһ¾ȵľǰڳǡ

峿˵˿ҶĻѾ߳˶ǵĽش
ʱ䲻ˡ
̧ͷ˿ո̫ҶĻһЦ漴ֻҶĻ³̼չڳǵķֱȥ
˿ҶĻٶһαˣǰҶĻʹó̼ʱǰ˽۷ٶȣ˿̣ҶĻٶȾоŽǿߵĳ̶ȣǴƾĹЧ

δֻܶҶĻıһ̳
ҵٶȺÿ죬һڵľȣȥɽܹ
ʮӺҶĻֱ˻ɽ֮С
˿̻ɽ֮еĸ߽׽ûм٣ұ컹ҪһЩϾѾĬָˣټ컹ֹ裬߽׽߶ҪһʱҶĻȥͲľŽޡ
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Ų΢ҶĻһ㳯ؼ׻˹ȥ
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һ˲ֻҶĻȺһֱһ㻮ƿֱӱؼ׻ϣһƵ
֮ͨİٷ֮ʮľ1.2ĹټҶĻѪҶĻһȵٶȾûдﵽŽ׵ĲΣҲѾﵽ˰˽۷;Ž֮ĲΡ
ֻؼ׻ֱ㱻ҶĻһߵú˺ü
˽۷;Ž֮УٲǰʱôˡһŹҶĻ̱Լٶȡ
Ҳֻܾٷ֮ʮ壬1.2ˣȲŸոţȵ֮ҵȲҲоŽ׵ĲΣʱڳǵĽϾԿõõ
ͷһԾȵʽ
˵ͷҶĻһγؼ׻˹ȥ
˿̣ͷؼ׻ҲŭˣҶĻֻһ߽׵ĵͼȲĹҲֻǸˣֵ͵ҲַͷŽޣҶĻˣھŽؼ׻ԣֱܴ衣
ʵעͷؼ׻ˡ
ӹͷؼ׻ˣܽѵˡ
ͬҶĻսӣӦ˵ҶĻŰӣûκλ֮
ҶĻӵоԤеӽǣв޹ƶټؼ׻Ͳٶ͵ޣҶĻҲֻˣҶĻ鷳ֱǹҪҶĻŰһʱ䣬ֱҶĻȻΪֹ
ȻȵĻҶĻҲҪһСʱնɱͷؼ׻û취ҶĻǴڰ˽׺;Ž֮ʵûؼ׻ʲô˺


174 ־
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顭
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ֻɫĴϣ׶೤޲ͣš
޻ëΪҰɫݱ¶棬ˣǱٶޱȣǵһĲӰǾŽޣǡ
˿ǵǰȴӰٱš
ߣǰ˽۷Ľߣ˽׽߻ŰɫĶ񣬽ȫڵʹǿǵݣһ¿Կ϶ǵڱ׷ɱš
ɶֻٶʵ̫ˡһ߱ţһ˲ͣŤͷǡ
գټӰѾʹǱܱһ˦ֻ㡣
˵ţֻ˵ϱһǿƣǱܱţһҲʹǱܱ

һ˲䣬ֻٶ̶ʱͬʮ׵ľ롣
ûüˣ󷽵ȴһμӿٶȣ̱ǵӰ
ٶޣٶ֮ھŽ޵оԿŽǰʮ˽۷ĽʹǱܱҲ޷˦Ž׵Ļǡ
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һ߲û˵ٶȴȻûм

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ӵȻΪƽǽսĹĳļȴ˵ӵʵ䣬˶תǹӵʣֻ߽۷ĳ̶ȡ
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¶ɻɫҶĻһתһֻ߱ԶС
ȻŽ׻ǣǱôõ㣬ǿһЩǵٶȴ죬ʵһ㣬ȴɱޡ
ˣӦڳǱߵ˰ɣأ
üͷҶĻԶ˿ҶĻ˼š
ְɣڻҰ֮нʮ죬Ӱûò׿ˣȻҪ¡
ңҶڳǱߵ˽һֱֻھϣ˽һҲá
⣬ҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц漴ֻҶĻ´˲㳯ŻǱ߳˹ȥ
˿ҶĻٶ죬˿ѷɫǣһĲӰҶĻ֡
˷žҶĻֻǧ׵ľ룬˿ͬҶĻ֮Ҳֻʣٶ׵ľ룬ҶĻһ˱¶ϲ⡣
ڸоҶĻֻ߽۷ʱȴ¶ʧĿ⡣
˽۷ǿ߶޷еùŽ׻ǣһҶĻûκô
ǰλֵܣܣܣŽ׻ǡԶһһ߽кҪҶĻϽ
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ȻҶĻͬ˽˲䣬ڶµȴ¶˳ԾɫΪǸоҶĻϵǹɺܹɱ֮
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˿̣ҶĻѾܵǵǰ
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ûκԥǰǱ㳯ҶĻ˹ȥ߽׵ҶĻֻѡ
˲䣬ǾŽ׵ĵȴоһΣ
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ײֻҶĻֹ̧ͣȺƸֱһ˦˳ȥ˲˦ǵϡ
ɣҶĻһǱȣǵֱӱ㵹˳ȥ
ߣѾ˾ٷ֮ʮٶ2.4ĳ̶ȣһȵоŽ׵ĳ̶ȣƴȻܹͷ߷ɡ
¶һ˿֮ɫҶĻ˫һתתǹһ̱ҶĻС
Сġ

һҶĻոóǹһǱͬʱ԰˽ǿҲк˳
ȣӵӽԼԤҶĻһǱȱ˹ȥֻͬһһģһ˲㵹˳ȥ

ǱȣһǱȹҶĻȱһǡ
̼䣬ǱȫҶĻ߷˳ȥ
һĻ˽۷Ľѵɴ˫ۣ֪˵ʲôǺˡ
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޵ƱٶȺ͵УڷǳɱޣҪܣŽǿ߶û취ǿĵԼٶȣܹǹսߵ
ȴ޷ҶĻӵԤӽǣֻҪǵĵûгԽҶĻ̫࣬ôǱעҪˡ
飬顣
һ̣ǵ˵ϣǵҲʮס
һս£ٶľŽ޲ɱתǹѾ֮ززľŽ׻ǣҶĻЦʼ
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ңǡǽڳǣˮŵˡ˿ڿˮԽ߽Ͱ͵˵
߸ժͷϵĶ¶ǵıĿ
ͬҶĻ˵˽׽һӣһһΪ˧һ֮ӣһۿȥӸ˵ĸоʮѺá
һȴһŮӣˮĴ۾۵ƤӣС죬һͷټǹЩõʣһŮ
λ̨³죬ã³ա΢΢һЦ³ָԼ³սܵǶǽڳˮŵˣл̨ȣ̨Ļ˽տɾͲˡ
ڳǣˮšüȻ֮ɫҶĻԺ̱֮˺ڳйصϡ


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ڳǣһȫͬսǵĵط
սսΪģ˴ΪĳУһоУƿҲǶ壬
ڳȴͬˣڳһУΣһ޶ʵҲһ޶ĳС
ڳǵзֱΪڳǣڳǣڳǣȭڳǣɱڳǣڳǣеͬǧǰЩźΪǵĴ߱Ǵֱ֮ǰЩ֮ˣѧǧǰġ
ڳҲûȨߣУÿһжǶڵģ˵ڳǱһɵˣȨеȨߡ
ڳÿһҲܸӣÿһжʽɵģֻÿһǳֵŶѣҲеȨߡ
ҶĻڳ֮ǰ˽ÿһеľϣ³³ڵˮҶĻҲ֪ǽڳǵеһͨš
˵ڳǺսǱȫ෴һǺǧǰĽ壬һǾ齨ĵȫ෴ġ
ȻҲ˵ڳȫŴʽĵطҲֺϰĶЩŴѡ
λֵܣ֪ĸڳǵˡ˫ֱȭ³Сʵȴһ˿ɫһԵ³ҲˮĴ۾һĴҶĻ
ϾҶĻֻ߽۷ĽߣȴܹնɱͷŽ׻ǣȻ˵޵ս̫ߣҲɼҶĻʵжǿ˶ȻԶĳţöҶĻݺǺ档
ŶҽҶĻǴսǱ߹ģҪʶʶٰĽ߽ᡣ΢΢һЦҶĻֱ˵Ҳûء
ȻսǵĵһţսǺڳ֮ƽȴû˻϶֪ҶĻ˭
սǵˡ΢΢һ㶣һԵŮ³նҶĻǺˣòͽս߹İɡ
ʮŵڳǵĳлжԶҡҡͷҶĻѯʵںҸطϢϢʱҿۻˡ
Ҷ֣ǽڳǺͷڳ֮ƽѩԭ߱ڵĽڳǣǷڳǡָָ³ʮϸĽ˵
ҶҪϢĻȥﲻԶĹ£Ƿڳ޽Ĳ
У߰ɡ
˵ͷڻҰ֮ʮҶĻѿʼ˽ңҶĻ˴εҲѾˣɲټڻҰ֮С
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ԺЩҶĻҲֻϿƵͼƬûʵҶĻڹ»ڴģɵҶĻ֮ȴסˡ
ΪҶĻǰڴſڵϷһµ֮⣬ͺԺմϱߡ
ķĿܣ߿ƼͣҶĻǰһռһ򳡴ССҪ
⣬ǹ£¶ɻɫҶĻָŴŲȷ˵
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ͻȻ³յһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ˣ治ΪνĹ£Ǵֱ֮ǰЩɡ
εĵ˵ͷҶĻΪġ
΢һ룬ҶĻˣϾǷڳǽĲȻҪˣǰմֱ֮ǰЩʤż죬Ͳ߱κηֻÿѧֶ죬ܹ޵Ϯ
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漴˱㲽˹֮С
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˿ҶĻǰһռؼĴǰڷһ޴Ļ֮ΣһЩϵĵԣټϴ֮еĽǧߣͬеɢӪûκֻǸеѡ
Ҷ֣ǷڳǽĲԲµϣǱ߻סҶҪϢĻȥǱߡָָԶĹ̨³˵
Уˡ˵ҶĻ˵ͷ
죬նǻˡ
ʱԶһȴææܵ³յǰһĵʺ
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ΪҶĻϵ֮ҶĻǱ¶֮а˽۷ĳ̶ȣܲע⡣
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죬նֻ߽۷Ľߣξǵģϸ˵һ˵ҶĻıӰΪɻ˵
Ŷľġ
һӣ³콫ĴŽһ飬ǶҶĻնɱʱľļΪϸ
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ȻǵսھŽ޵ֻĩβһŽǿ߶ɢǣңҲɢǣնɱĻ˵ҡҡͷ
֮ҶĻȻֻ֮ǲ֪սǱһţǸոմһ߲ӹҲ˵
ˣ¥ɣ鲢ҪʱĻٱǻ۴ʦͽ֮գҪġ


176 ʯ
ڿ˯þˡ
뷿䣬ҶĻֱӱſ˴ϡ
ʮҶĻʵ̫ˣʮҶĻһֱڻҰ֮Уһֱͬƴɱţ˯Ҳ˯ڻҰ֮УÿҶĻ˯ʱᱻŽ޻ǰ˽޷֣Ȼ󾭹һսٻط˯
ϾڳǺս֮·ɲͬǺ֮䣬һ·ܵش߽ʵ̫ˣһ·ҶĻնɱ޶һųУΪնɱʵ̫ˣѾൽҶĻľĵز
ԵģҶĻô࣬ܵĻرҲСŽ׵֮ǰҶĻھʮ޾ɱ֮ӵ˾Ž׵֮
νսõʽʮ޾ɱҶĻоŽ֮ջ˫۵ľǴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ壬ҲҶĻ3.7ĳ̶ȣҾŽս弼ҲҶĻһ룬νջķᡣ
ȻĻҶĻҲܹ˲նɱͷŽ׻ǡ
˯֮
ҡҡͷҶĻ漴ֻҶĻһתһʯУҶĻǿʯ
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΢΢һЦҶĻʯģͷųԼ֮̽еʯ塣
Լ֮ҶĻĿʼӴʯԵĵش
䡣
ͻȻһ쳣Ӵ󣬺֮һ֮ҶĻԺ֮УҶĻԺгһ档
ؼ䶼ѪɫѪɫƽԭѪɫգھҲƮѪںԶĵطһִսվӺƸħһ㣬ɢױȵǿ֮ʯģ˿ҶĻֻܴ֮ʯıԵ޷ӡ
üһѾ˺üΣǸоЩǿüͷҶĻŬֿɢ֮֮֮
Ҳ֪ʯǿߵǺˣ֮ǿ˵ȻΪɱ⣬Ҫ̶ֳȵɱ⣬治֪λǿߵնɱ˶顣
ɱ⣬ʯ֮е֮Ϊɱ⣬û˿ʣֻɱҶĻо֮ɱ˵ӵ֮һ㡣
ִ֪սӵǿ˺ֵزĴڡ
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üͷҶĻԼ֮Ҫӵƶ
أޱȵĳأԭҶĻоԼϺѹһɽһ㣬˿̣ҶĻ֮һƶоԼֶһɽˣҶĻ̱֮˵˱Եش
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ʵʯ֮ķܼ򵥣Կͬʯе֮ԿԴĥ֮ҶĻúӲ֮ĥһ㡣
Ҳ˵ӵһʯô൱ԼһλʱضܹԼĥǵľǿߡ
Ȼʯôɲô򵥣˵ĻôĩеʯҲĳˡ
ʯ;ɣʯеֻ֮Ҫʹߵ֮ʯеͬһ֣һҪǿ֮࣬ôӵ߱ǿе֮ԴԼ֮ǡ
ͺñҶĻʯ֮ҶĻɣҶĻһܹ֮Խʯ࣬ôе֮ʱҶĻǣǵжᱩʯЧȻĻʯôĳۡ
ҶĻҪʯʮǲˣʯͷ֮¾˶ȴҲ޷ɣ˵ҶĻˡ

ɶ񣬳Ųסˡ
ʮֻ֮ҶĻüͷͬʱҶĻµļҲһͬʼˣҶĻżʹһ㡣

˫ۣʱҶĻ֮Ѿ˳ʯ
˿ҶĻȴѾʪ͸ˣԵüΪƣƼ켸ҹû˯Ƶء
ЧΪƣҶĻԼ֮¶һ˿Ц⣬˿ҶĻ֮ȻԵǿ
ͬɱͨɱʱͶԿ޵֮ңЧȴԣϾܹͬɱޣʵҲȻǿ࣬ʽҪʱĻ۲ſԡ
ʯȴ֮ͬĶԿΪֱӵʽЧʱɱ֪Ҫٱʮӵֵͬɱ죬ĹЧ
̫ˣÿһҵľ񶼻뼫ƣ״̬һһãҶ֮ƿزǰôˡ
˵ҶĻɵҡҡͷʱҶĻ֮ƿرǴֲڡ
ͺ֮ǰҶĻڴһ¶֮ģΪ޷ջԼȫֻ֮ջһ֡
˿̣ҶĻ¶֮Ҳǰ˽۷ĳ̶ȡ
ҺãֻҡһЩѣսûʲô谭ֻҪҶһԼָܹ֮á
ڣ˯ɡ
ҡҡͷҶĻֱӱһͷ˴ϡ
ʮ룬ҶĻͽ˯ߵ״̬
ҹʮ㣬ĸСʱ˯֮ҶĻľ״̬׻ָˣ漴ҶĻʯһΡ

ڶ賿ĵ࣬ҶĻһ˫ۡ
һ˯ȻѣһܰôҶĻΨһһûбŵ˯ߡ
ҶĻ򵥵ϴ£㿪ʼԼĳ
˵㣬ҶĻѾ͡
Ҳ˼һôˡһҧеҶĻһ˼
ԭļƻ54ʱ䣬Լ֮Ž׵ĲΣȻʯ֮ȴǰʮĿ꣬ʮܲɵȰɡ
ڳǣʮʱúùһǸȥأ
ڳǣڳǣڳǣڳǣɱڳǣȭڳǣÿһԼɫһмΪڳǼҪʮڹУȻǳ˵Ρ
ȥڳǰɣŷڳﲻЩڳսķŸɮ
ЩŸɮȫǾ޷ʮ꣬ϰϹŶɮѾƿľ磬Ͼƿ־籾Ǵӹʱķź͵ġ
ƿȡɵɣȥÿԿһЩƿͬʲô𡣡
˵ͷһ˼ҶĻǴ⡣


177 ɱ
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ţʮͷޱϵǿҲ䵽˵ϣ߽˹µĴš
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ɱҲһǣȴһǣնɱγɵģҶĻҲɱҶĻնɱܵġ
ҶĻϵɱЩ˱ЩС׼ˣ˵ҶĻϵɱһˮôЩϵɱǺûпɱԣ֪Щ˵նɱ˶ޡ
˭Щ˺£ʮɱȻľŽ£ȻüͷһҶĻĿ׼վЩмӡ
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˵ȴһɹͬХЩһĹϵĹȴԶȺХҪǿö࣬ټϸһţЩŽǿ߱㽫Χм䡣
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ˣүʮŽ׽߻ص˵ԣһ˵
Ϣһ죬ȥ۴ʦ֣漴˱˶¥ʮɱȻľŽǿǽ

һ˵ȥ֮ен߶һ
ˣ죬ɱôܵˡ˲ϵ亹һǿһЦ˵
ɱڳǣɱԬǴ˴ν߽ѡ˵ӦȥͨɽǣôܵˡһҲ¶ɻɫ
ߣʲôԭ򣬵Ȼǻ۴ʦͽ֮ˣ۴ʦʵ֮ǿ죬ԬȻǱ۴ʦġ
Ԭɱһڳ߲μӽ߽ѡ˼
΢΢һЦվһԵҶĻ̱¶˸Ȥɫ
һǰ˽۷ǿߣһɱΪŨʵȻףǲ֪ǺֵĻмʤ㡭
ҸղЩ˻˵ˣԬǱŷڳǵĻ۴ʦȥģ۴ʦͽȥڳȥˣõĻ˵ܹҸʦ
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۴ʦλڸɮսǱߣŲСʵǿ˶ǵȾǿ߹ҲλɮĶ֡
λɮͽܲҶĻȤ
λɮڷڳǵĵλҲΪ⣬һ£ڵҪͽȻڷڵѡģϾֶûϲ⴫۴ʦȴûǸҪ
۴ʦܴһʮ꣬ķŸˣȴǷڳǵˣλɮϸ˵ӦһλɮˣֻΪͷڳͬԴټϷڳǱҲҪŻᶨڷڳǣһֹʽڷڡ
Ҫͽڳǵ˸͹ܲľҪ˭ܹ˭ǱߵҲԣҲΪҶĻŻᱧһ˿룬ȥһԼܷΪ۴ʦĵӡ

ҶĻû뵽ҾȻ㣬ðǺǺǡ
ȻҶĻո뿪ʱУһλʮҵľŽǿȴ¶΢Цһ˿΢Ц֮ȴŵɱ⡣

һ󾢷λŽǿ߾ֱ뿪˹£һ·ҶĻ
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磬սǵҶĻˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƽѩԭһʯУŽǿ￾Ż
˵ĳͬŽǿߺӦֵܡ
սǵҶĻһŽǿ̱ɴ˫ۣûиСӾȻֻһ˳ƽѩԭòǺЩƵ˰ɡ
ϻˣ磬Сǰڳǵ·ϣ綯ֲǱȥ˵֪СӵϢȲϡ
УǲǱˣ˵
漴˱뿪˶Ѩٳŷڳǵıؾ֮·ϸ˹ȥ

սǵĵһţٶȾȻ˿ѷɫλŽǿߡüͷԶԶҶĻλŽǿ߲ɵüͷ
ŹǲЩ֮ǲԳģСΪսǵĵһţȻֻ߽׽ߣٶȴ˿ѷɫңսƸǿûߣ¾ȫҲòҺжܺڡ
Žǿ֣ܹʰСӡɱ֣Žǿһμӿٶȡ
Ŷڸ١Žǿ߼ٵ˲䣬ҶĻ㷴Ӧ˹
ȷǷڸңϾڳ߲ʶκˣҲûͬ˭Թ˵Ӧ˸ҵģһٿһ
üͷҶĻǰȥ
ʮӹҶĻһüͷ
ȷڸҡ
ɫҶĻ˲ֹס˽ŲתԼĺ󷽡
˿̣תǹѾҶĻС
ѣҺ㲢ûʲôɣΪҪҡ
ûˣҶĻûˡ

üͷһҶĻϾŽ׵֮ɢ˳ͬʱҶĻеǹָ˾Լҵһô
ǺǣսǵĵһţȻܹҵĴڡ
һЦһŽǿԴı˳


178 ս
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λŽ׽ߣҶĻɵ¶ɻɫ
ʮ࣬°һСӣɫս˫ϴһԱټһͷ鷢
ҶĻȷԼӼûйκνҸΪҶĻɻǣӾȻ֪֡
ãҽĬ񡣡֣Ĭһ޺˵
ϻôֵ֪ģΪʲôҡüͷһҶĻֱӿżɽʵ
ŶĬЦҡҡͷսǵĵһţҶĻϲңҸֻЩˡ
𣿡
Ȼ㲻˵ǾͱɱˡЦ֣ţҶĻˡ
顣
ǹֻҶĻһ˦һǹ㳯ŶĬ˹ȥ
ÿ죬СӶֵٶȾȻŽǹսҪ졭ϳԾɫ¶Ĭûκԥһ࣬ҶĻһǹ

һ𣬾Ĭ˲䣬ҶĻѾ쭵ǰ
ֻҶĻ̧ȱһ˶ԷĿ£ͬʱҶĻеתǹҲָ˶ԷĿںüġ
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ͻȻһս޶𣬽ţֻĬ˫ۻӶ̱㵲ҶĻ˫ֺȡ
ս޶ǴĬ˫֮зġ
üһڳǵȭ𣿹ޱȣһ˫۾Ȼܹս޶ľڸղŵһ˲䣬˫۵ٶȾȻһңڳȭ
ź˿ĬҶĻ˫֮¶˾Ŀ⣬սǰ˵û˵
ҶĻͬʱĬȴ𾪡
ŲԳСӵٶȺô߽۷ߣǾŽǿߣʹսȭѾɱˡ
ǺǣҪʶʶڳǵսˡһЦҶĻһǹָĬ񣬡ȭڳǵȭ԰ɣܳŶá
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ҶĻҴζɫĬоһԼһõľŽǿ߾Ȼһ߽׽Сˡ
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ǹ𣬾Ĭո׼ʱҶĻеתǹһˣͬʱҶĻǱͨŽǿ߻Ҫǿһ˿ɱ֮
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һĬͬԼ˿ѷɫҶĻ֮
ҶĻĬȴûѡ㣬ǻԼ˫ۡ
Ҫƾ˫ϵıԼ֮ҶĻ
ʲôӵϵôܡ
𾪣ĬƾŽ׵ĵв׽ҶĻĵҵֵסһӵ˲䣬Ĭȴɴ˫ۣˡ
ΪӵϵٶѾ֪ҶĻţӵٶҲͿŽǹսˣȴԼˣҶĻӵϵٶȾԳԽ˾ľŽǹսڣŽ׵ĵУĬ޷׽ҶĻĵ
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ӵĬ˫ϵıסҶĻӵȴͬʱ岽ڵؽӡ
ʵüͷһĬҶĻ¶һ˿ʧɫ
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˫֮׹֣ĬҶĻķ̣˫ȭҪ֣ʱȴһ˿ϲ⡣
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ͻȻҶĻı󴫳󱩺űս޶ҶĻĶС

ת޹ƶչӽԼԤҶĻҲûһۣܿԱ͵Ϯ
벻㾹Ȼа֡
üͷһҶĻ͵ϮԼˡ
ӣͬĬΪ񣬲ͬбӣң˻ǾŽǿߡ
˿ŽǿߣҶĻɫҲ񷽲ôˣϳ˽֮ɫ
Žǿ߿ɲͬŽ׻ǣսµľŽ޸ͲͬŽǿȣŽǿ߻ڳǵȭ
磬벻ҶĻҪˡһӿҶĻʱг̰֮ɫڿһɽһ㡣
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һ˵ȭͬʱҶĻվĵ棬ֻһ̼˵ϡ
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αܿģֵͬʱʹսȭɲһһڶô򵥣սĵӾԿʹͨŽǿʱʧȥʶСѹġ
˿ѾܵҶĻ¶ʮֳԾɫ
˿ҶĻȴҲܣͷϲ亹
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ҶĻ𾪹𾪣ȴ顣
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üͷһ˲䣬ҶĻ㽫еתņ̀
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䣬һ˲䣬ҶĻеתǹ˶ʮ෢ӵЩӵȫĬһˡ
ѹƣһҪѹסκֵĻᣬʽΣұޱȡ
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ҶĻǿ£ĬȻܼϾ֪ҶĻӵϵġ
˫ۻ裬˫ϵı;Ž׵УĬһȫҶĻӵסˣӵͱײĻ֣Ĭȴӵϵǿòͣˡ
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̼չûκԥҶĻֱϣֱĬȥ
ˡ
սһԵ϶ٴγҶĻ˹˿ʩչսȴ޷ҶĻ̫Ӱ죬ֻҶĻЩʶѡ
оԤеӽǣƾ˵ʵֻҪս޷סңô޷κвֻͨľŽ׽߶ѡ
޹ƶչҶĻһתƹˣ̼˸ոסεĬǰ


179 
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ˡ
һͬҶĻĬû¶֮ɫλֵܵİǵʮ㡣
һֻһɼǿĬϱǱܱͬʱĬ˫ۻӶǿսȭֱҶĻŶȥ
㣬ȻҪ
׹է֣ͬһʱ̣ҶĻҲʹǱܱתŵ
ɱһʼ˫߾ܣ˿أʵ൱ǿߣһչɱôʮ룬нˡ

սĬ˫ȭӶһǿҵֱҶĻŶȥ
顣
ȭײֻҶĻ̧˲˶Էȭϡ
ҶĻվǾŽǿߣҾҲͨķ弼ټҶĻδԲ˫Ӵ˲䣬ҶĻ㱻ȭͷϵǿú˿

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ȭֻĬٴγҶĻֱϮˣ϶Ҳˡ
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ӽԼԤʹҶĻӵȺսǿƣֻҪԷս޷Ӱ쵽ҶĻôһϣҲ޷κε˵һˡ

³̼չתŵ״̬ʹó̼ɣһ˲䣬ҶĻٶ˿ѷɫڣĬλʹǱܱľŽǿߣܹһ˿
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ҶĻûŽǿߵĽкĬʬǰȻһǹָһǹĬʬϡ
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ǹҶĻȻĬʬ忪һǹһ˲䣬Ĭ۱˶ġ
ΪʲôҪɱҡ˵ţҶĻǹڶ׼Ĭұۣ˵ӵʱѡش𣬻ǲشûеõ𰸵ĻұҲ
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ǹһҶĻûȶԷ˵꣬ԥı㽫Ĭұ۴
쵰Ѿ˵ˣѾ˵ˡԼĴҪ꣬˺ѷεĴ
˵ѵˡɫƽһΣҶĻǹڶ׼Ĭͷ
ԣҪ˵滰ĺ˵ѻˣһҪǻ˵ѻҾ͵棬һǹͷȻһﵱһζ
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ڳǣڳǺµĵӡûκԥ̱㺰˳
ÿһ߽ĹԴӵڶ߽ῪʼжڰﻨǮвߵͷսѡһ˱˰˵͵
ҲǣڳߺеĲҲ˰˵͵˵һŵĿҶĻҶĻǹ
ڳǺСüͷҶĻе㳬ԼԤˡ
ʲôҶĻȻ֪ǻĴϣĴ֮һǿİɱĴҲûκΰ취Ĵ˿ѷɫĴдߵľǿߡ
ҰȻǰɱ֯˵ȴȥɱκˣֻṩƽ̨ṩһκˣǮȥƽ̨
ƽ̨ҲܺʹãκνֻҪһڣʹƽ̨ˣҲ˵κνֻҪǮƽ̨ȡɱ񣬶ڰ˵ǿԹҲܷĽͽڰ
ȻҲ޷ģϾĴصͳĴУǰˣǼĴУ˱Ȼ԰ҲԼĹ͵ߡ
κλɱλԾǨǿߵĵӣλԾǨǿʹƽ̨ǰΪ˱ȫԼµĹ
ɱҶĻҪλԾǨľǿһŽ׳ǿԡ
ҶĻҲûлʵԣһ˵滰ڶܷĴĸǿ硣
ҵֵǮüͷҶĻʳԼΪĵ⡣
ࡣҶĻ˿ڿˮʮʮɫľ
ʮɫľɴ˫ۣҶĻѾ׼ǱһȻôֵǮѾһʯˡ
һҶĻеתǹ
顣
ûǱߵɿҶĻ۶ֵİ˲䣬һѪλŽǿߵüġ
ˣλŽǿȫ𣬲ҶĻȴ˲
ˣѰˣʮľöλԾǨľǿ߷񣬸˵ЩŽ׳ǿˡüͷҶĻվ
ʱҪȻҿ»Ϊʷһɱսǲߡ
һɱĲߣ֮ǰսǵиûй߱ɱӣͷôֵǮҲûй
ΪŶŴ󲿶һ󲿶ӵжλԾǨǿߣһ˶ּĴڣûоŽ׳ǿܹȴڵƤӵɱˡ
˵ҶĻʷһ󲿶ǰڳǵĲߣŪãҶĻпܻΪһɱսǲߡ
ȥڳ˵ɡҡҡͷҶĻʼʰԼսƷ


180 ڳ
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ͻȻҶĻոսĿռ䴢ʱһȴҶĻע
ǱҶĻͻȻɱģûзӦ֮νĿҲſˣҶĻеһ
һŲͣ˸ź
źŷ˵ǰȻ֪ͨ˱ˡ룬ҶĻ֪ʲôˡ
ܣϽܣҵλʮа˾Ѿ¶ˣټ֮ǰڹµгֹҪ˶þͻ׷ɱҵľŽ׳ǿߡ
ҵʵȻǿһɵŽǿߣԭҵʵͬŽ׳ǿ֮Ծɴһ蹵һɿԽĺ蹵һŽ׳ǿҾ군ˡ
ռ䴢豸պãҶĻ˵㳯ŷڳǵķ񱼶ȥҶĻΪԼʹ˲еϢɡ

ʮ󣬾ֻĬֵܵʬǰһӡ
һһ㣬糤ɫսʮģӡ
˿̣һվԭأ鼫Ϊ䵭ȴܹһ˿ˣԼΪǿҵɱ⡣
쵰Ȼ㲻ʲô֮ڳ֮ȴһЩǶλԾǨµǿߣ˭ҪҼӡ
ɽգȴ˸ɱҵͽܡ
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˿ȻɫǼΪƽǽյ˫ȭмΪǿҵɱ⣬ȴ˵顣
漴ͽܵʬ塣
ǹսߡͽϵĵףüͷ
ıǷڳǺͽڳǣطǿߴ඼ʹģûǹսߣѵߣ
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ҶĻͫһ˸֮ɫǿϲƾͽܵҲʱһ㡣
Ϊλǿߣ뵽һʮɫľ
ҶĻսǵĵһţҶĻȻ¶ϲɫһҪ󺰵ĳ嶯
ңҰʮ꣬ȫµľѾҴƣֻܿλԾǨĴţ޷һʮɫľֻҪһֻҪһɫľҾܹ忪ļޣʱұӵ˳ǵŵʸ񡣡
λԾǨλԾǨ
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ҶĻ·㲻ߵ㴳ڿûжǿ֪ҶĻϢΪǿСӼȻܹôȻ˼
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漴ͽܵʬ壬㳯Ź¿񱼶ȥ
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뿪ʱǧһɽϣŸ߱ԶҶĻȴüͷ
ǿ֮˹ڴЦʱ¶֮ѾԳ˾Ž׵ĲΣ˾ǾŽ׳ǿߡüͷҶĻ߱ԶҺܵÿ죬˸һ㷢ңʱѾˡ
Ž׳ǿߣͲܹƥеġ
ȥڳǣһڳǣ˵ǾŽ׳ǿˣǶλԾǨľǿ߷ңҲҶֻɱҡ
ԽָȡһܹסĽߴϣ漴ҶĻ㳯ŷڳǵķ񱼶ȥ

ͬʱڳǵشͨɽڳǽӴƵʮ¥ͳ׷֮һˣ֮һ߳ȥҲܹһĴ
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Ǻǣǰνֱ辡ȫǵ̸ҵġ΢΢һЦӲӵ£̱ɱ˶
ҽ㣿ҽսɲ壬Ӧһ˼ҡӣ˶Ϊε˵ںôҲһʵ˿ѷɫңͲһң
ҡҡͷһЦĺӲδ˵ʲô
ˣǸҶĻСһʲôʱ򵽰ӣ˶վһԵ޳ʵ
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ҪڰµĵӣСӵڳ֮Ųס
ǰǲõġ˹֣޳˵ȻҶĻӴ࣬ȴһЩ˽⣬Ըʮֽ¶ù滮׼ܹҿڣ˵Ѿ˽ڳǺͰ˵ϣԶ͵£ӦѾ˶Բߡ
ţֽԸ񣬵ڳ֮ʮа˾Żֱǰͨɽ
ͺãСսǵĵһţǵȵῪʼûĻսǵҲÿ˵ͷ˶ֱӶźӲ˵Сӣһ̡
Ȼ˶ͺӲʱȴ֪ҶĻļһǰû˽˵ϣ֪͵֮ҲûдҪȥͨɽǵһʱȥ˷ڳǡ

ȻλڷڳǺͽڳ֮䣬ȴǷڳ޽ĲԾڳǲ̫Զ
СʱҶĻ˷ڳǡ
ڳǣȻʧˡ
ԼͷҶĻһ֪˵ӡ
ڳǣźйʱζҶĻһʱΪڳӦ޽ĺ͹ʱһ㣬ڿνĹºҶĻһ˿ʧڶԷڳҲһ˿һĲ롣
ҶĻĲˣڳǹǺ͹һ
˿ҶĻǰһԿƼֶνĳУ濴ȥһǣֻҪϺüˣȻϻǹһŴң顮ڳǡ֡
׼ĹͷⰡͷôܻгаչʱķʽ޽ʧҡҡͷҶĻε߽˷ڳ֮С
νһڳǲ޽ļִҲһҶĻڳʮӣǧˣҲûпһУ෴ǧ˵źϰͬսǱҲûʲô
ȻڳǼȻΪڣȻҲɫ
ڳߴٶ׵ķǷڳɫ


181 
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ϢĻȥڣһǳţϢֻҪϸǮǱܹյκϢңҾ֪ӦÿڳǶзõġ
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188 ֮
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ӣҶĻŲסˡ
ͨһѵľ񰡣һ⣬ûȫ˫۸ʱұ޷ΪŽǿߣ⣬Ҳһưɡ


ҶĻͷ˯ʱڳǵȴը˹Ϊ԰Ǳ߾ȻһδϢҶĻû뿪ڳǣ˿̣ʮŽ׳ǿ˷ڳѰҶĻ
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ͨɽͨɽ𣿡
䵽ϣҶĻͷ֮еɽ壬¶˾Ŀ⡣
֮ǰұ˵ڳǵͨɽû뵽Ȼ֮ߣ߽׵ʵһ۶ɽۡҡҡͷҶĻ̾ɽôγɵģĵλͲӦóôߵɽŶ԰
˹ѻߵҶĻǰ޳˵ͨɽͲȻγɵģսǵһɽ˹ġ
˹ģɻüͷҶĻٿ˿һԵͨɽЩŵ˳
ڳǵڶǿߣʮʱ䣬ɵģɽɲһô򵥡
ͨɽڳģҲǵߡ


192 
ʮһɽǶڽߣ˶λԾǨľǿ˵ҲһǳƴḶ́ͨɽôֻһġ
ڳǹĶλԾǨǿߣɽҲڳǵĿƼоģڳЯоսԼʽķ͹ߣڳǵĹʵɽ档
˵ͨɽڳǵĴӪ
ڹǰҡҡͷҶĻ̾ȫͬսǣսǵĹʵһ߲ӣԪ˧ִƣһìһ㣬ڳǵͨɽһڹǣǰѹʵһڷء
ȥɣͨɽ飬һ߲ӣϸ˽Ҳ١
漴޳ȲɽΨһһ·ҶĻ
·ڳ޽·û·ȴװ󣬿˲ɱŽǿߵ·ϻԶʶϵͳֻбԶʶϵͳϿɵ˲ܹͨȻ˻ڵһʱ䱻ڶɷ档
ҶĻ޳ȻоȨޡ
˳ſһ˵ƽ޳ҶĻһֱ˴Сʱͣ
˿̣Ѿ˾潫ǧ׵ĵطҲʮֽӽɽ֮
ͨɽڳǽӴƵ꣬һ쳣ִľƵꡣ
ҶĻһǵˡոյƵſڣ㴫һЦһӰԼٶȣ˳
ǺХ
˵ҶĻ㲻˼;ʽȻ֪ͨһҶĻļ򣬺Хһѹ˵ֱǿˣһֱǿˡ
ǺǣҲʱˡʼҶĻЦ˵ҶĻȴһ˿ȵĿ
ΪХȻѾΪ˰˽׽ߣ̶̲µʱ䣬ХΪ˰˽׽ߣ֪ҶĻڻ߽۷壬ͻƣХȴѾҶĻһΪ˰˽ǿߡ
ˣôһˣأҶĻʵ
˯Ӽļһȥˣˣȥɡ
˻֣ХȲ˾Ƶ֮У֮ʱ޳Ѿһ˾Ƶꡣ
Х㾹Ȼ
ͻȻҶĻոսƵʱһʮֺأȴԴŵҶĻĶУʮصζ
ŤͷҶĻԼ
ֻһԵɽ߶
һһŮеĳʮִһһ㣬һҴμΪ׳˶Ҳ׶࣬һҶĻĴС˵ˣǰ˽۷ǿߡ
ŮһŮּȴһЩֻ࣬СŮȴһʮעĿʡ
䣬ɽһı䣬ŮϵıҲ䣬·Ѿȫû˸ĻһŮҲǰ˽۷ǿߡ
ڿ˵˲䣬ҶĻȴ¶һ˿Ŀ⡣
Ϊ˵еıϱһѼΪ˶ĻǹתֻǹŮӵıȴһͨ͸ʮ־ˮɫ
תֻǹʮ־ˣȻ󽵵ͣҶ֮Ҳǳ죬һ߲ӵĽȺ֮⣬еǹսߣȥʹⶫģԶʮǿˣ˲򵥡
ŮҲһ㣬ֶתǹ֮Ѿˣתǹսʱдߣ׼ȷͬǹ֮ҲŲСĲ࣬ǳʺϵսͬתֻǹһóĽߣˢӡ
ǿУֻǲ֪ǵĸеˡ
ͷ˼˲תӵĹҶĻѾ˷˸š
벻СȻ߳Ƶ꣬Ѳɽ̫߳ˣֱǰʮŵ˵֮лһ˿
ݣӶ˵ٱˣʱӲ֣ܶȵ˽ӡХܵ˴̼ǰХָŶԷıӱ㿪ˣӣǲǰͲſİҪżĻԻؼȥͷһǹ㡣
㡭
ŭĿԲ˹ӳϿܹ֪ƢôټϺХڱһӣ̾ͻˣ˶ȭͷֱӳźХŶȥ
顭
סˣںХ׼˵˲䣬ҶĻǰ̧ȱ˶Էȭͷϡ
ֻһҵײҶĻͶԷ˺һ
˭ָҶĻֱӴ
սǣҶĻһЦҶĻ̧ͷ˵
˿̣˵жЩ΢΢Ծ
ҶĻĽΣͨ˫ȵľټϰٷ֮ʮľ2.4ҶĻĽԿоŽ׽ߣȴͶӴƽ֣Ȼ˵˶ûʹ֮Ҳ˲²˶Էʵ
ҶĻսǵĵһţҶĻҶĻ¶ɻɫһԵŮҲ¶ɻɫ
Ȼ˶ҶĻֻ߽۷ߵ飬ǳԾ
һŲҵȷʵҶĻ΢΢һЦҶĻƽ˵
ǺǣһΪͲμһεĽᣬãҿһŵʵɡ׹˵꣬Ҫٴζ֡
ҪֵĻ㡣
ͻȻڷ׼֮ʣһʮֱˡ
һɱһʮǿɱɱԬ
ֻԬʮµľŽǿߣԾƵ⻺˽ɱǴɢġ
ԬԬ
ޱԬ˵ҲЩˣϻ¶һ˿µɫ
˿̣ϵ棬ȫʧˡ
Ҫ𣿡ĿŷԬƽ˵ǽӴƵ꣬ڳǹͬµĹأڴ˴֣ǻҪֵĻ
Ҳɱ㡣
˵ţԬɢɱٶӡ
ʱڳ˶ţǷֵĻԬԻɱ֡
ңǿЦġǿһЦЩŵ˵ҵȻΥڳǵĹأղֻǿЦģȻطȥˡ
˵գ㼱ææĳ¥Ǳ߶ȥ
ߡ
֣ʮŽǿߣԬҲ¥ݣ뿪֮ʱԬȴɨҶĻһۡ
Ԭͷ뿪ıɽŮҲ¥˹ȥ
ǿɱ˱ڳǵĵһţԬ𣿾ȻӵǿɱԭΪξǸӼļһɱѾǿˣξɱȴһ붼ûС
ڳǵһţʵƾһɱԬʵɼһߡ
ԬȥıӰХԴԾ˵ȴһ˿ɫ
ХȻξսˣȴҲһս֮ϲ֮ܵĸо


193 ͨ
룬ҶĻ֪ʱĺХʲô
Ȱ㻹СһЩɣòҪһﶯ֡ҡҡͷҶĻԴȰ˵
һɱ֮ĶӣɱһķҲйһЩţɱڳˣڸոѧ·ͬʱѧɱˡ
ǻ϶ڳΪ֮ſʼɱģɱڵȴͬǴѧ·ʼѾѧɱˣ߰ʱӵսĵһ̣ȥͬҰɱһΪߣҪ޽ֹɱ˵ɱڵˣѧ·һ𣬱㿪ʼɱˣһʮɱ֮ˣնɱһնɱ飬Ҫࡣ
ʽȴ̫ˣɱڵ˺٣ȴǾӢ
ԬΪɱ֮ĶӣԾ˳ĳɳ̣ɱʮɱ֮츳ˣҪǣֻͨţȴڳһĵһš
ɴ˿ɼԬǿĵطɱκ֣ͬʮа˾ŶֳûбʤİգľֶΣòҪ˶֡
źХҶĻؽ˵š
Ǻǣס΢΢һЦХͷ˵ûһ֮ǰȻ˶֡
ˣղ˭ʶҡҡͷҶĻͻȻ˷ŵķ
˵ǸӺͱɽŮХ˵ͷڳǵĲߣǸӽɽŮѩ
ӣӺԬˣȥɡ
ҶĻļ漴ХҶĻ¥ݶȥ
ѩټһɱţԬڳǵʵһǿ
΢΢һЦҶĻźХ¥ȥˡ
ʮ¥һͳ׷ͳ׷ȫսǵߣҶĻĲߣ¥ݿڵ׷֮С
ͦ뷿䣬ҶĻװʮִķ䣬ɳ޵
ȻͨɽڳǵĴӪӴйĵطʵĵطεȻҪߵġ
˵ţХѾߵɳԣţֻХһűɳ档
𴲣˭ˡ
ţ˭
ֻɳϺ˯ţХ֮ſҶĻߡ
ŶҶĻҶĻһۣ漴һ˯˹ȥʮƣǳҪϢһ㡣
ǺǣһŴͨǱ߻ƻһСʱָܻʼХʮε˵
ͨ£ʲôطüͷһҶĻںХеͨȤ
ǵطȥ˾֪ˣǸ֮ıأξӼļһһָˣҴȥ
֮ıأѵʯƵã
һ˲䣬ҶĻ뵽ʯʯ֮ı֮Ǿ֮ʯ
Ȼͨ¾Բʯֱ֪ͨһʮִĵطֻһʯͷô򵥡

ͬһʱ䣬ҶĻڷĸڣͳ׷˶Ӳ޳˵ķ䡣
ôҶĻСڵʵΡжһ裬˶΢Цʵ
˵˵ţ޳ҡҡͷʵҲУ뿪սʱȷ˺ܴĽ
ȴֻܿ㣬Сӵ֮֮ǰ˳ĳ˫۵ľҲ˳棬⣬ͨ˫ȵľ˫ȵľҲ
ҿʵԲô򵥣к֡
ŶܿСӰ΢΢һЦ˶վΪڵҶĻԬĻмʤ㡣
˵޳ҡͷ
ԬǱڳǵĵһţΪɱ֮ˣһɱޱȣɱֶθǿ֮ͬеĵһˣҶҶĻʵҲͨ͸ԣ޷϶֮ʤ
Ǻǣǰҿεʤ㻹ͦġʱһֱû˵ĺӲ˵
ξ˶츳սΪǿʢ֮Ҽǵһǲμӽʱɳ˵УǿҲһΣټһҶĻһķʽǿǺģҼСӵʱӦҲܹһЩó
˵ţӲ¶ŵɫȻںХΪġ
ıȵῪʼʱҼСӦҲյĲˣʱҲǰ˽۷ĽߣҲ˵ˡ
ڳǣǣسǣǶֻˣûܹӮԬǵʤ㻹ǺܴԬĶӾģܴ򼸸
ǵƱ˶࡭˶Ļʮ㣬ڴʱЩϼһɫԺܾʡ

һСʱʱת˲ҶĻͺХʱǱߵѾˡ
״ָ̬湻鷳ġ˸һ߱Թţһ߻¼
˭ҪȥǸطģǵطɲô档˫ʵХЦ˵
û취Ҫﶪ͵üǿԼʵˣҶĻȥȥͨ¡ҡҡͷ·׼ˣȥĻһ߰ɡ
аҶĻͷ˵
ҶĻ˱˾Ƶꡣ
˳һСɽҶĻһֱʮӣĿĵأͨ¡
ͨ¾ͬһ㣬һ£±дšͨ¡֡
һۿȥﲢûʲôֻ֮һͨ£±ȴżˣ⼸ϵı鶼ԵЩʹ࣬һΪܵһ㡣
ЩˣҶĻ϶ʶȴˣξ
˿ͬһ±ߣ˵ɫȴôãͷէȫ亹ԵüΪʹࡣ
ͨ£ʲô֮ΪǡüͷҶĻָξɻ˵
ӼļһѾĸСʱˣǻ֡ХЦ˵ΪʲôԼȥһԾ֪ˡ
ûУߣֻҪ֪ˡ
˵ͷҶĻ̤߹ߡ
䡣
֮һ߹ߣҶĻокü֮ϮԼԺ֮֮С
Щ֮ÿһɶôǿ˵Щͬһʱ䱻˶֮ϮҶĻǸоһ㱣һѣθֱԺ
ԭˣͨ£Ƕ֮ıءɫһҶĻ˻
﾿γɵģȻһط˶֮Щ֮ޱȣȻÿһɶ㲻ǿ󣬵ȴʤ࣬ҵ֮Լ֮Чʯеĵһ֮Ҫõöࡣ
ٺ٣ҶĻڳǵıءҶĻļ򣬺Хһ֪˵ӡ


194 
ͨµγɺ˼ʯ֪ɡХЦ˵
֪˵ţҶĻ˵ͷʯȻ֪Ľָ滹һ鼫Ʒʯ
ͨɽڳǺʮʱŽɵģͨ¾ͨɽʱ⵮ġ
Ϊڽͨɽʱһ˺ųȫʯ֮һһô󣬲ڽͨɽʱԱ̫࣬ǿʯֻһ߽׽ߣ֪ǿʯͷʯڽǿ鳬ͺŵʯͨʯˡ
ǿʯͨµ·
üͷһҶĻһ¶ɻɫ
Х˵ģڳǲܽǿ޴ʯ֮ãԻǿ֮֮
ǿ϶ġ˵ͷХ˵ڳǿɲֹһλλԾǨǿߣһֻҪڳǵĶλԾǨǿߣҪʱ򣬶Ὣ֮䵽ȥ֪ʯʵ̫޴ˣȫԳסϰλλԾǨǿߵĹ䣬ǲͨ¡
Ȼղһֻ֮ܵǿʯɢ֮ѣЩҵ֮ôǿͨɽıҲ棬ɽ档
أɽ֮ɢ֮ҲҪǿʮԽǽӽǿʯ֮ܵҲԽǿ󣬴ͨɽϵϹ
Ǹط㻹Ǳˣڳܹڶǰ뽻ĽѾˣɽڳǵĽأ˵ǣڳܹȥˣҲ̫ࡣ
ʼХ¶ΪεɫȻһǿʯǳ档
ԭˣֲﾹȻӵҵ֮ԭǴǿʯɢġҶĻͷ˵һԡ
漴ҶĻһο˺ߣҶĻ֮ǰȴ˹ȥ˿Ѿ±ϡ
䡣
֮ͬһһߣҶĻоһ쳣ҵֱ֮ϮԼԺ
Щҵ̫֮ǿȥǱһԡ
üͷһҶĻѧˣǱȥǸһ߶ҶĻо˲Ծ
ҶĻĽŲЩҵ֮Ȼǿһ˿
ԭˣֲҪ±±߾ǿʯܽһЩҵ֮ҲܹǿһЩ
Ų̤ʮҶĻ±ߣ˿ҶĻܹʮĸоЩ֮˵ҲǷŵ
һԡ
ȶҶĻ˫ۣʼԼɱ֮ԿЩҵ֮
һӣӣӡ
ʱ仺ţȵСʱҶĻĶͷѾ˿˿ˮϵҲԵЩȻ
ʱҶĻȴ˫ֻۣҶĻ˫֮һ˿֮ɫ
Ȼûа취գֲڳǻеεҡҡͷҶĻվ
±ߵ֮ȻǺǱߵңȴҲ㲻̫ǿÿһ֮ǰ˽ҵĳ̶ȣֻЩˣ֮ǲģЩ֮ȴûа취ա
ҵ֮ǾŽ׵ĲΣ˵֮Ҹ޷ա
֮ʱҪģͷ֮в˿Ҹһʼ֮֮ңʹҵľЩңҵգһڳЩҲͲΪˡ
Ҳֻǽ֮⣬㲻϶ôҪĵط֮޷գЩ죬ڳǸͲʲôʧ
ȥɣҵ״̬ԣԼʯЧһЩ
ҡҡͷҶĻת߳ͨ£һֱں֮⾲ĺХҲ˫ۡ
ôˣֺõطģ⼸첻ĻͼˡХһɻĿҶĻ
ǺǣҺһЩ⣬ﲢʺҡҡҡͷҶĻ˵
ǸãһȥɡˣХվҪҶĻһͬؾƵꡣ
˳СɽҶĻʮ֮ص˾Ƶ꣬˱Իص˷֮С
ʯҵ״̬ԣⶫȽʺҡڴϣҶĻԼǿʯ˳
ҵ˲ͬͨĻЧܹһЩϾ޷ƿ޷˯ߣÿһκľʱҪ߸СʱָܹԶǶԣͨȽЧʡ
ҲͬҿԽ˯ߣֻҪСʱָܹ״̬һĻͨ˷ʱΪϾҪͨľҵľҲҪСʱʯ˷ʱ䣬ʯҩȽʺҡ
ÿʯʱ䶼ܶݣÿԿճʱ䣬Ⱥ
ʱȣҪڴ˴εĽ϶ͷұҪץһʱʵ
˫ۣҶĻʼԼ֮̽ʯС
䡣
֮ͬǰһһ쳣ǿ󣬺֮һ֮ҶĻԺУ֮ĻһѪɫ硣
ǿ֮ͬͨǱߵֱ֮սֻ
üͷһ壬һ˲䣬ҶĻĶͷϱ㲼˺ˮҲ¶˳
ס֮£ҼֵԽãջҲԽ࣬һҪͦס
ҧҶĻͣؼš
ӹҶĻ˫ۣ˿̵ҶĻȴϴ˸һ㣬¶ʪ͸ˣɫҲܲԾԵ÷ǳήҡ
ϢΪƣʱ״̬;ȣԼľԣҵľԽǿô´ʯмֵʱҲԽãھԲϢ
ƣҡҡͷҶĻվʼ
Сʱ֮ҶĻ˾ȣֱҹʮʱҶĻŻ˯˯ָԼľ״̬
ͨǶѾҶĻʱˣҶĻҲΣͨʵ̫ˣĻ֮ڲܴκεʵֻ˷ʱ䣬ҶĻĵ֮Լʵڽ϶ͷֻڶʱܹʵĶҶĻŻȥ

賿ʮңҶĻ˫ۣѾȫָ״̬ҶĻûκԥٴη
ʯԼƪȺ;ƪ̱ҶĻϵظţ巨ҲѾҶĻʱˣֻʮʱ䣬ʮ켴Ϊ˰˽ǿߣķѵʱ仹Ͼǳ˰˽ǿߣҲûʱѪͲ
Ǻսǵ߱һȦ֮У˶ˣҶĻͺХڷȥͨ£˯˯˺ȵҺһγ֮䣬û˵䡣


195 
ͬģɲսǵҶĻˣǵȻҲ⣬ϾܹĿɶ֮
ʲôţŲν츳õˣӵϺ츳ͬʱ˳˵ʮˮˣÿһɹŶ֪ŬҪԣȻܹˣǳɹţÿ˶֪ʵҪԣÿ˶ϣԼܹڽĵͷ
ҫо߱Ұĵˣ쳣ĶΪҫÿ˶κһ˿и

ʮʱһζʮ賿㣬ҶĻķ֮С
ǽĲˡ³һҶĻ˽𼦶ơ
ٷ֮ʮţ2.8ѾԲˣļҪԽԽҵ츳ҪȳԲƻһµʱ䣬ڵ״̬ԲҲûʲô𣬹ѾͨľŽǿߡ
ҵҲ4.2ٷ֮ʮߵĳ̶ȣټҵ֮
˿̣ҶĻȻһЦվϵȴˡ
ɱһɺܹɱ֮ɢҶĻ⣬֮Ȼﵽ˾Ž׵ĲΣ⻹ֻҶĻΪʯ޷£֪֮ʮķҶĻ֮Ѿǿ˺̶ֳȡ
ǣҵǰսģҵǰһƽȵ״̬״̬£һҵֻ̼ܵѧӦһ󣬾ͺñʯһ㣬֮ڣǱǵڵ״̬ˣʮʱ䣬ҵǳ˱ǣʯĻͲֱǵˣЧʹֻ֮ǰ֮һ١
ѾˣڵʵѾ㹻Ӧ˴εĽˡ
ǽῪʼӣȥ˻ϡ
¼ҶĻ·߳˷š
˿Ȼ賿࣬е磬֮ȴѾһˣ֮жڴ˴νΪУҪýԼ
ֻ˫ֻޱڿɳϡ
ҪһҶĻһۣ˵
Ǻǣ㡣ЦҡҡͷҶĻĶ飬ҶĻȻҲܹ˽һЩ
лˡҶĻ˵ͷ漴㲻˵ˣְԵ˶ԣܹ˵һ仰Ѿѵˡ
˿ҶĻȴϸϸش
һֱǿ˲٣ǹɰԵ֮бǿˡҶĻ˵
һǿͬǺʵкܴĹϵǺʵԽǿôһ˵ҲԽǿǶһʵԱǿ˲١
˿̣ǹɰԵζսʱǿ˺ܶࡣ
ᣬ湻鷳ġ
ʱ˫ۻЩʵԷ֮˳
硣ҡҡͷѵһԡ
ĳ֣Ҳ֪ǲõģȻ֮һͬ˷š
˿̣սǵսһ顣
ͬһȻҲǿˣÿ˶ᣬϵΪԵףЩ˵УΪҶĻԾȴǺХ
˽۷壬ХȻѾΪ˰˽۷Ľߡ
ݣһﵽ׳ʲôҩǺӲҲô̵ʱڳΪ˽۷ǿ߰ɣҿܹȫƿһйľ︨ģɾˣҵڻ߽۷޷ͻƣСӡѵԣûƿ𣿣
źХҶĻɵÿЦ
ң㻹һı̬˰֣ХȻҶĻʲô˼
㿴Լ֮Ҽǵ֮ǰֻ֮ǰ˽׸߶εĳ̶ȣڣ֮Ѿּ𣬶˵ȫ֮

ҡҡͷҶĻҲ֪˵ʲôˣȷʵͬХ˵һҶĻʵʱٴʵ˱ǣ֮
ˣ绹ǺܴģֺХֲֹŲ֣ϾԵֶ˶С
ҪģֻȫԸ
΢΢һЦҶĻ˲㽫֮Ժˡ
ȻҶˣǾͳɡ
վҶĻһͬ߳˷ţ˸ڣҲ˶λǿڵķ䡣
ֻλǿߣ˿Ų豭һݵڿ֮ţϸû˿Ľ֮ɫ
ôô͹ˡüͷһ޳ֵ˵ϲ˵ߵ㵽Ϳˣڲ롣
°ɣȵһȣôȥǴ磬ɽɲôůָָ͡һԵɳ޳ҶĻ

һݵλ֣ҶĻЦһ漴ͬҶĻһҲһ㵡
߽ᣬǹغÿ飬˾Ȼ˰ݡ
ɾҶĻôżҲûã˭أ
˸ڷ֮пʼֱߵʱλǿ߲Ƶ߳˷ţҶĻǰսأޡ

ޣųһս̨н߻ɱ̨λҲΪ⣬λǧ״ͨɽɽ
˳һСҶĻ˸ǰλǿߣһֱʮӣǼ˶ΪϤĵطͨ¡
λͨɽɽΪ׼սأûʲô·ȥֻһȥ
߰ɡ
޳ͺӲֱڿն𣬾ֱɽȥ

𣬾ҶĻ׼ǰʯʱҶĻֻһ󾢷Զ漴αԼٶȣɽȥ
˶Ҳֻ˶ǿߣܹϢ顣
ֻ˶˫ץڿһգαϷȥͬʱҶĻûκηӦ֮£ҲһͬϷȥܹȫƿظĿһ㡣

һ룬һӵʱ䣬ҶĻŸոշӦ˵αͣ
⣬Ǵ˵еޣ
ǰľɫҶĻ¶һȵı顣
˿̣ҶĻվһƶˣֻʮƽ״СɽϣǲԶǴ˵еޣӦ˵ͨɽɽۡ
һΪƽľ޴Բ̨̨ǳ󣬲ʮ򳡴Сһۿȥ쳣𾪣һƯڿеľ޴Բεһ㣬ȻҶĻԾȴ޵ĴСĶ
һҵĳѳֱֱĲ޵룬һƽͣޱȺƴ֮ѳϲͣɢš
ǿѳɢ֮Բѷɫǿʯе֮֮ȴ޷κӰ죬һ㣬ܹܵõ֮ȴֻܸоƣûκӰ졣
λǿߵ𣿡


196 սǵǿ
ڳڸոսʱֹһλǿߣλǿп׺ףǻĹŴʥ֮ӵĺһ֮ƽͣƴޱȣԵʱ֮ǿҲֻǸһĸоû˿ĸãܹÿеԵеĻȴԻһĸ֮ƣܹѹһди֮
λǿߵʵѷɫԪ˧һ˿֮ΪһĵĵڶˣϧλǿȴʷΨһһεĿֲ޳֮С
ţλǿ֮ǰ֮䵽彣֮Уѽ㱻ڳǵ˾ޡ
齣齣ڣֻҪʵûдﵽ˶ּôκ˶޷ޣһ˿޵֮
ЩǴţǰֻ˵տѽˣλп׺׵ǿߣƾ֮ǿ˶Ĵڡ˿ڿˮſǹޱȺƴȴƽ͵֮ҶĻǱסˡ
ʱҶĻȴһͷ
׺׵һĵڶ˵ĻôǿʯǿǺˣ֮Բѷɫڿ׺ף׺׵֮ƽͣ纣֮ȴһͷУҿ֮ϣԷֳʤǺˣΪʲôҷԴֱ֮ǿߵļ¼ûҵĴڡ
ˣԺ룬ǰսֽ׶Ҫġ
ҡҡͷҶĻͷɻѹ£㽫Ŀת˱𴦡
ˣȻҶĻעľˣеˡ
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ڳǱ߾ҶĻսȻԬѩˣʱޱڵϣԣѾ˺ܾˡ
Ԭ˵󣬻ˣ߽۷Ľߣ˱ڳǵ油Ա
Ǳߵ˾ҶĻЩɻˡ
սԱӣһȴһɪ񣬺һһӣҶĻҲХ˵
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һӽͣܵܣȴֻ߽۷ĽߣʹõҲתɢǹ
ǸһǷһ͵ӣ·Ҳ߽۷ĽߣȴǱս
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˵ţҶĻĿת˺سǱߵɽ塣
سɳսԱҲЩ֣ͬڳǡǡ෴ڳһŮسȴŮһС
Ůĳ඼ֻϵȣƤǹ⻬ȴ㲻Ůֻ˵ǻԣŮȴԲôǣԵúǰ
ӸߵŮж˽ױսߣӽϵ͵Ůӽ¶߽۷ıսߡ
ȴһ˧磬׼˧磬ϵҲºͣһĶŵĸоǰ˽۷ıսߡ
سɳսԱҲһһ˽۷壬һ߽۷壬Ҫעһ£ÿһ罻ᣬسǶսǵҪߣʵ쳣ǿ߸ռһЩ˵ʵǿ൱սԱʤӦòС
˵ͷ漴ҶĻĿ⡣
ҶĻȻٿˣеȴһֱҶĻߣԭܼ򵥡
ҶĻߵʵ̫ǿˣ˽۷ĽߣХݾԲѷɫڳǱߣټһҶĻ
ξ߽۷壬˶Ϊ油Ľ͡
Ȼе˶ҶĻɻҶĻȻֻ߽۷ĽߣսǱĵһţȻֻ߽۷ĽߣеˣǳҶĻʵųƺпǱ컪ĵһŵԬҲһĴҶĻ
˶ֳٵˡ
ͻȻʱһʮ㣬ȴԴŭˡ
ķһɽ塣
ÿеĲս߸ռһɽ֮⣬ÿеҲռһɽ壬˵ڳǱߵ֮һһֻʮӡ
˿̣ӵĻ֮УԳ˶սǵĲ
սǣţÿһνᣬҪеɵǣôųǱߵͬԴŭ˵

˵ĳ˶ֱЦ֮û˿ŭ⣬á
սǵʵڻĵеһԪ˧򣬾ǱߵٸԣҲֻǺǵʵ൱Ȼ԰ʱǵһֺηѵǿԪ˧
˫Ŀ֮о˶ͻȻ
㡭
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Ԫ˧˭ĵһǿߣڤѣĵһ֮ɱģɱޣɱСˣɱһиڶսǲв֮һ֣ڤޣԼǿߵʬдģϣûκ˸϶λһ˲ڳڶǿǡ
ҲҪѻ⳶ԶˣԪ˧ΪĵһǿߣȻκ˶ȴʱ򣬽ص㡣
ɨһۣ漴ڳǱߵһλϽת˻⡣
Ȼ᱾ԭʱԿʼ˵ţ˶˿ҶĻߡ
ߣҿǼǵĳŶӣѾûùˣڶҲֻһΡ
˵ǿһ˵Ȼ˵˶
ңҲҴģδ˶Ȼµһվ˶һһɫľС
ɫľ˵Ҳ˶Ȼ붼û룬㽫óͬ˶Զģɼ˶ҲʲôƢˡ
ϾǸڤѣͬ޴սľǿߣƢôܻá
ľͶģܹⶫġĿ˶һۣ漴ҲóһһƿɫҺ壬ȻƿɫҺԲѷɫ˶еĹľ
óƿɫҺ˲䣬ȴԬһۣȻʮԬʵ
ȿȣ˵λǲǸÿʼˡǰλתǿߣٴγѵ
漴˲˶˵ʲô㿪ʼڶս߽֮ǰѾ˽ˡ
ġĿġΪ˻࡮ÿеսĵãĹҲܼ򵥣ĸУÿ֮䶼޽սÿսɳˣгսĸеĲսʤߣôܹãĴйͬóĶ


197 Ƿ
ֳսĹǾϾӿʼм䶼˿ͣЪһ᳹׽Ҳ˵ĸеսԱ˵Ļôǵʵۿۣȴͬ߸ͲΣÿ˶սԱһˣҲûʲôӰ졣
ӮߣһҪӮֻҪӮ˱ܹĴйͬóĽĴпǻĵƶߣͬóĶ۱
һЦѾռƵҶĻڽĽǳڴ
ͬҶĻһ˶λǿҲţһϷ顣
ߣȻˣǾͿʼɡһƲ˶һۣ漴
սĴһÿеĲս߶Ҫͬе˽һ֣սɳǩо
ǩ̨ԽС
˵ţֻҵгһ̨΢͵ԡ
ǫ́ԣеȻûʲôΪڳǸûбҪ٣֪ĻòʧϾڳǿûеڶڤء
֡
΢͵ϰ˼£漴һ޴άͶӰ˰УͶӰ֮ÿе֣ţЩֱ㿪ʼת
һ֮תֹͣ
ڳǶսǡ
ڳǶսǣ춼ڰҰͶӰϵĽҶĻ̱Ц
սʽԱ֤ÿм䶼һν֣ȴҲǾԹƽģһͺ˲ϲѡ鵽˵һǩ˺ǲϲϾһ״̬»Ƕֻǵһš
ڳǵ״ţȴĩβţǵһͬսֻ˵ϾһԻһʮ˵սڿţ״̬»ˣӦսǡ
˿̣ڳǼλ˵ɫ㲻ôÿͬ˶ĵҡ
ŸʲôϿ쿪ʼɡ
¶һ˿ֻЦݣ˶˳
ȿȣϿ쿪ʼ
Ȼ˵ͬվһˣε˿ʼ
ǱҲȤȥɡƲ˽ǱߵĹһۣԬٶڵϣ˫ۡ
Ǿɡȭͷ׳˶ķʮƵĿ˽Ǳһۡ

תֻð˽׽߶еķ֮ܣ̶̼ӵĹѾ֮ϡ
ͬʱǰѼΪ˶תֻǹҲУǹԵıǽˡ
ɣҲȥΪŵĴ˿ǷС
һᰡ˫ۣ״Ľʮֲϲ˵
Ȼ˵ǵʵģһȴЩ̫ˣһԺһ·˵

·Ļ䣬һһͬһ㵯˳ȥ˿ѷɫڷٶȣ֮ϡ
Ǻǣ߽۷壬ǻȫȻˣҾȽɵмĿ·һۣ漴ǹڱ׼˶Է
䡭
ûôأ˫޵˲䣬սѾʼˣֻ˫һǰ˶תֻǹ
ȫͬǹתֻǹΪ̶һ̨һ㣬˴̶ĺ
顭
𻨷ɽܹģûκλˮ֮·ֻ߽۷ĽߣҲǽǱǰ֮һȻѹ׾
ֻ·һתһ˸ߵ˶ƱУƵʵغƼΪӲһ㣬ûǹһ˲ʮӵȫ
Ϊ˳Ծȴǣݵ·Ȼ벽ûˡ
ǿһǻͻĹţŵʮǹǷȫΪ֮ģÿһӵԼ֮İ·ȴܹȫ䵲𵽵õȷܴ󣬲ȴԼ侪ˣһĻͻп͵ġ
о֮ɫ֣ҶĻ̱㿪ʼ˵ʵ
ͬҶĻһˣξڣǾ·
ǿ˿ִ̣ǹķҲЩȣһ̣бһ˿׹⡣
ߣǿиƨãһζķܻ¶ӾͲһֱȥ
䡭
޴ĺٶ𣬷һοǹˣһΣһɾŽ׵֮Էϱ˿
ԷǽĻѹƣִ޴Ƶ·ȴû¶˿֮ɫϳһ˿Ц⡣
ಡ
ˣ˲佫ӵס漴·ζˣֻ廯һĻӰԻ߳ŷֱȥ
һҪеĶƣһ㡣
顭
ǻ𻨷ɽΪǹսȻܹʱʱ̵̿Ľ֣·֮ʱһǹҲͣĵתţֻӵͣڶԷĶϽ𻨡
ӵϵǿȴ޷·κӰһ㣬һﾹȻŷǳǿĻѹƣֱֱĳȥ

ŭĿԲ·һ漴еĶƳŷֱֱ¡
ͬһʱ䣬·ϱһǿƣǱܱ
ѣһֱҪ㾡ȫ˲佫Էأ·ɱ֮
顭
޴ڿлصҶĻ֮ǻǧ׵ľ룬ҶĻܹʮǶƺ͵Ӵ
ˣ·˲䣬˿
Сӣɡ
һתѾ·ķٴνǹڶ׼·ͬ·һۣһ˲䣬ҲʹǱܱ
顭
ͬǰһǻ𻨷ɽһεĽȴ˵ɴ˫ִֻۣƵ·ȻöƵס˶ԷȴڲϵĺţҺ˵ٶȷǳ֮졣
һΣ·Ǿ޴ʧһ㡣
ԣ·ڣǷʽıˣȻܹûǹʱӵųһֱߡɫһ䣬ҶĻ̵Զ
˿̣·Ķϻ𻨷ɽеĻȴͬһطͬһϲģҲ˵ӵȫһֱߣû˿ƫ
ɶ䡭
תۼ䣬·Ѿİٶ׵ľ룬·˲䣬Ҳֹͣ˿̵·ȴôܡ
ֻ·ŶƵ˫֣ȻڲͣţĻڶѾ˿˿ѪȻĻѾǿĳˡ
ȻܹˣûһǺǵģ·ǰˣʵȻǳǿķ㲻ܹġ


198 ִ
Ҳֻܹ·˭ãȻһԽǹӵųһֱߵĶ֣ҷǰ˽ǹս
·ǰ˽۷ǿߣҲǷĶ֣ΪֶڵĿƣѾﵽĴڣר֮˵Ŀǡ
üͷһҶĻŸոܵ·¶Щ֮ɫֻ˵·á
һ˭߾תֻǹһķʮŵĴ
һ
վķԲһĽüͷ
ԣǲսΪ׵ģ˿̽ȴû˵ʲô˼
ôǲˣǲûɳˣٴνк
䣬λǰǩɡ
ӹ󣬽ޱĳڳǱ߹˹֣һٶȴ˶һվķ˶һĿŽ
ǽߵˣŽ΢΢˵ͷͬ
ͷ˵Ǳ߳۶ܶ࣬ˡҡҡͷվҶĻԵĺХЦ˵ӵʵԲ侲ĳ̶ȴҳԾ»ܹ侲ľ
ȷҵĻ˵սȥվƵҾ̲סͬ˵
ǵʵĴǵģȴǵľȨϾֳǾӮ˷ȻӮѩҲԬУҾǲҰܣ˵Ҳһˡ
һĻʮа˾űһ䣬ȥΣڳǺս֮Ļ˵ܹµڶ֮ȨܹкܶᣬȥǲͿԻȥˡ
ܼ򵥣ҪһҲѣվڽλ־ͺˣƵʱ򣬽Ҫǵ̫ˣܹ־ɼԾƲһ㣬侲ĳ̶ҲʮֳԾ
һȴȫڳߣȫڳǵսڳǵļλӺܸˡ
ǺǣȻǵλ䣬Ǿͼǩɡ
΢΢һЦٶȰ΢͵ϵİť
Ĵеٴοʼת˶ضͶӰ
һ֮ͶӰֹͣת
սǶսسǡ
ŶȻô졭
üͷһҶĻҲЩ⣬ԭҶĻŶ۲һ¶ֵʵȴ뾹ȻôҪˡ
һʲôãֻҪܹսȫʤǱȥˣķ羰ȻûʼХһЦ˵ţҶĻӦû뾡֣˵Ļһø

ͻȻںХĻû˵֮ʱֻĶˡ
㲻Ӧ£ͷҪѧѧһָѾ䵽ϵξޱ˵

գգۣХ֮£ֻܵͷ˵ϡ
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صģȥɡһӣҪξȥ
ߣû涨˭أ˭֣ҾûȥʺһЩһξսȻܻȥ
㡭ҪҶָ֡ξȻ˳
Կ쳣ҪģڳǵѡԼѾֻһսܹʰ棬˵Ҳȥ
ðȻ˵Ѿˣһʵǲÿ
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⣬սǵΪʲôԼڶˡɻͷسǱ׼ֵ˧꣬вɻʵ
֪ҪСһЩսǱһξ˵ǲӦûֵͼʧСǵļƲߡŮ¶ͬɻ˵
ξִΪεȴ˶λˣֻλǿ߶һΣ޹Ⱑ
ȿȣξȥɣ滹лᡣ˼ӲϽͣͬʱӲָָԬǱߡ
šðɡ
ںӲλĻξǻῼǵģڿԬ֮ξǷһεĳᡣ
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ڿԿʼˣ˭ǹ٣һſĶźسǱߺ

𣬾ոպʱسǱߵ˱Ѿ䵽ξĶ棬ǰ˽۷˧磬С
سǽУ롭
һ죬漴ִĽбڳսơ
Ļ̫ˣ˼Բãһ򶼼ǲסʧߵ֡
ȥ
ΪһεĽᣬѾ׼˽µʱ䣬ƢԵҲûôϻиһ䵽ϣеĳǹ㳯ŶԷ˹ȥ

һɴ̶ľһǹʹȫһɼΪܹջƵǿ֮ϱ֮ȻѾԼԼ˾Ž׵ĲΣǻͻĽߣǼǿڲʹǱܱ£ʵ˽۷ߵ࣬ı
˵ȫһǿǳ֮ǿ
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ٺٺ٣һֱǿˣһκʱֻ֮ǾŽ۷ĳ̶ȣ벻Ѿ˾Žף֪ˣҺһҲ١촽ξһ˷ܵĿ
˿̲ξһֱԬҲ˫ۣȤĴ
һʵǿΪʲôûսǰпսֻŵģѵսǰĶǱ̬ɡüͷޱȵķҲЩ
ǿ󣬽һǹ֪ǿ


˫һת񿴵ɳȥĽ˲վΣ漴ûκԥǹֱϣѾŽ׵֮ٶȱһǹŽеؿ˹ȥ
һʵ̫ǿˣ¾Ƕ֣ʤҲᳬɣˣҵĻͻǹ͵ģһʱ䣬ķһľ


199 δܾ
емȶ漴ֻαζ

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ѱֻཻд˿̾ȻѾ󣬲Ľȴͬϴһģһֱӱ㱻һǹ˳ȥ
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ٶٿҲûãٶӦǻͻȴ޷ȫƿ޷ٶһ˲仯ԣذɡ
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ңʼ𣿡ʱһԵ˶˿̣˶Ц⡣
ôǲˣҪˣȺСһ䡣


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ǽһ߲ӣǸСĿ꣬ʹûǹܹƵˣһ߲һһĴɱһԵҲʮ־ȵ˵
ҶĻڳڶǣǹսޱȵ𾪣εǹУһżΪļϣεǹսܹɵмɵľʹǹĽߡ
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201 Ƶ
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ˣˣûһ˼ʹʲôѩٴ˳ξȻ˵˴󴸣漴صɽϡ
ξһٶϵѩסˣֱӵģûôֱӵģڽϣĲˬͲˣѩһʱ֮ûзӦԭء
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ڽᣬξ棬ƨ
֪ˣȥˡĶͷҶĻΪεĿЦһֱǴү߾ߡ
ҰɣξҲ֣ϴκսʱһʹþͲˣŮӿҲǻͻĽߣܹ֮ģֿ˵Ķ֣ξһ򶼲ôϲ
ãŮӣȻһνڳǵһš
ҶĻļ漴һЦĺХ䵽ѩĶ档
Ǻǣλͬе⣬ĶְɡЦҡҡͷХɫɵ˵
⡣һı䣬ѩƶڷŵ飬˿һ㡣

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Ǳܱܴ󣬵ȴǳ죬һͨľŽǿʹǱܱҲܳӶѣԴǿ߶ڶֳʱ˲ʹǱܱԼʵɵ֡
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ȻںХں˰ع˶ԣȷʵǿӻġ

ֻѩķӦ죬ںХʧ˲䣬㽫׼棬֧ˮȫ˵档
ڵſ׺λǿߵ֮ѩĳûȥһӴ棬㱻һסˣʹóԵڵء
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Ȳ㣬Щϼһǿ콫ȥˣҵ֪Ϊͨŵ㣬λġ

ˣ䣬Х㶯ˣʹǱܱϾŽ۷֮һ̣ХѾԬĲ
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ֹͣںХ˲䣬ĵȴͣ˰УΪĵסˣһֵֻסˣԬ֡
Ԭ˫ϣһ˫ɫףԬúɫ׵ס˺ХĵУԣ˫ױı

ذٴλӶһУХذͬʱذͬʱϮԬĲӡ
ɾʱúХȴˡ
޷ԤУʱԬҲˣɺХȴԼ޷ԤԬĹ
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ذֶʺɱˣȴΪذʺɱ˵ĹߡźʮȴδصĺХԬû׷
ʺɱ˵ģ˵˫֣˵˫ޱȣֻҪһ㹻ӲƤô˫ֱԻΪֲۺʱεأ˫ֶɱˡ
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Ȼ˿ڹսȴɴ˫ۣսǵļˡ
ģһﵽģХӵоŽ׵ĵУԬĵȴֻǰ˽ףһŵαܹХĵеġ
ٶȣŵٶȺͺХŻӵٶ޼ֻһֶѣΪκХ޷ĹԤС
Ÿղ˽ֵΣҶĻԽԽɻˡ


203 ߸
Ԭ˸öӡվޱԬӲɫ˵
˿̺Ӳˣܵǿߣɱ֮Ԭ
ԬĳͬԬ񣬲ȴЩϣʮң°һڰײӵĺ룬ϸûκͺһͨСͷһ
ǺǣӲҲܲԼĺ룬ԬЦ˵ӲսǵĴں˰ɫĸ㵱ǵõһɫĸӦӵڰɡ
ɫİӵʵͺһ㣬쳣Ѹ٣ҪǣֶܹɶλԾǨҼСӣ֪ʲôʱܹɶλԾǨ
ˡƲԬһ˶ɫ˵
ȷʵǸţͬţĲŻɱ棬Ȼܹͨ޾ɱԼĵ־Ѿ˽ߵ޶ȣ־ҪɶλԾǨҲֻʱˡ
˵ţ˶ֱӴ˳˿̣ѾŽߵĶУҶĻڡ
㡭
üͷһԬ᲻֪˶ʲôˡ
ԬҲ˶ûʲô취ȻʵҪǿ˶ǲҶԷ˵ˣӴﵽ־磬Ҳᱻ֪ڱ˶ȥҲûʲô
ʵԬӵоԵʵ֪ӵľ磬ھԵʵǰҲҪܡ
Ȼ˿ڶŽǣȴ˳
һﾹȻ˱̬Ű˽۷ѾԼĵнֲúХ޷ԤĹʹõûһϡԾĿԬҶĻѵɴ˫ۡ
̬һı̬ǶλԾǨĹؼǾŽ׳ǿ߷ܶĿ֮һȫ粻֪жپŽ׳ǿߣŬԼĵнԬȴڰ˽ʱˣ߸Уһӵĵ߸УҲ֪Хܲܳס
ѡһԵҡҡͷ߸к͵ȫεĶ߸ڵ֮ϵĶԬӵ˵߸УХ޷ԤĹֻܿķӦֵԷĹǺХӵԶٶȣüٶ
ʱԬԻûоȫǺХ֧͸ԵʹǱܱҲ޷˫Ĳԡ
Ļ£ʱս⼸˵ɫôÿһӵе߸еĶ֣ҶĻҲЩò׼
Ͼ߸ʵ̫ǿˣ޳ΪܹɱһŽ׳ǿߣΪ˵߸С
˵߸еľŽ׳ǿߣڽߵн޵еĴڣɴʱԬȴϢͬһذըһ㣬Ͷ˵С
ʱ˿̣սǣǣسǵвսߣɫѿкХɫѿΪĶԬ
ˣҵĵ߸У
źХһԬȻѵõ¶һ˿Ц⣬һ˿Ц⵱ȴһ˿֮ɫ
ߡһХδ𣬶ѹԼΡ
Х׼Լж
䡣
ƣǿԺХϱŷһ˲䣬ХƤѾ΢ɫ֧͸ԵǱܱ

δֻܶոճһ˿ХѾԬǰеذֱԬĲӶȥ
ˣֻԬֻХذױն˿մ
˿̣ХŴ©ȻХȴ˿ûȥЩһذֱֱĳŶԷȥ
䡣
ɱںХһذ׻Ӷ˲䣬һɼӴ󣬺ܹɱɱԬϱ˿
ΪɱͬԬ֮ΪǲϸֵĻΪԬѾ˾Ž׵֮ٶˡ
ʵȴˡ
ٴգȺХذȥʱԬȴԼٶȳʮ׿ĵط
ţԬٶһҡ
ˣҾȻһ㣬ԬڳǵĺѧԽһ֮֮ͬӡһĻҶĻٴüͷڳѵսڳѧһֿԽڶ֮ļּȻԬܹյ߸е츳ԿɣҾȻһ㡣
ХΣˡ

ٶȣѾԽңǲվԭأԬޱ˵
ٿһء
ƤѾ΢ɫĺХ˵
ȻţХȴ˳֪ľٶ
䡣
ƣХˣڶһ˲䣬ХϵƾȻٶһ˲䣬ХƤѾ˳ɫ
һĻ˶ѾˣڹսĺӲҲ¶ֽŵɫ
Ƥ壬ͨĽߣƤһ˳ɫҲʹţѾ׼Լеһˣھ߿ɱʽĹһǾŽ׳ǿߣҲ
Ȼܹٶȱ
ãٶȡ
оХӰʧԬһ¶֮ɫţһǿԬϱǱܱ
ԾٶȣԤѾΪЦ
˻
ѪһεѪԬϿʼһɲ֮󣬺ХذѾԬĸȻֻȥ֮һ㱻Ԭ˫ֵסˡ
ԼذףԬ֮ɫ
䡣
ͻȻʱХ˳źХԵ˵ϣƤϵĳɫҲʼȥ
˿̺ХǱԬס֣ȴѾˣֻڵϴŴĺХѾױΣ滹ѪףĹͷҲѾȫˡ
ֻԬһ˲ĹһǲȫĹźХǳٺһɲǵĻԬԻһɲǽұۻ˺
дˣû뵽㾹ȻܹٶȱɿХұۣԬ˼ذ״Լĸ˳

˸һ̣ӲѾ˺Хߡ
λǿ߲û˵ʲôֻǽӷҶĻǱߣ漴صԼλãһǶԼѡȥʡ
ô費ҪںϡźХѾɼצұۣҶĻȤ˵
ǺǣҪһھָܻˡҡҡͷվǷѾĺХЦ˵
ѾǸһ˵ɱʧǴӮҲҪս
û⣬ҵġ˵ţҶĻĺѵļ
תҶĻңңĿȻޱԬ


204 
Ų΢һҶĻαһ֧һ㣬䵽ϡ
ҶĻսǱĵһţл㽻ˡ鵭ȻҶĻԬϳһ˿΢Ц
˿̣Ԭ˿ȻѾüסֹסѪʹԾɴţԬȴûκβȻһ˿ڲһ㡣
˴ˣ˴ˣҲڴ㽻֡΢΢˵ͷҶĻ鵭Ȼ˵
˿̣˶ضޣ´κһϸڡ
ԬʵĿõģһ߸Уܹסڳ֮
ҶĻڶ֮İʵ˵иһգսҲһ˶ûмҶĻȫֵΣе˸ҶĻֵӶû
ֻ֪ҶĻһͻĹţ߽۷ǹսߣ֮⣬һƬհס
ȻһĽᣬսǵıʵ̫ˣΪսǱĵһţǶҶĻĹעȣԲԬֺ
˿̣˶ʼ²ҶĻʵ
ҵĸоֻ֣߽۷ĽߣȻҲ֪ʲôʱȴһʮΣյĸоҶĻԬ˵ղŵĺХҲûҴָоҺܺ棬㵽ӵʲôֶΣԸָо

ˣ䣬Ԭ㶯ˡ
һɾɱͬԬ֮һͬʹԬ֮ѾԶԶ˾Ž׵ĲΣ֮İ£Ԭ˲ҹĻǰ
һ˫кɫ׵ֱ֣ҶĻĿںͲӶȥ
⣬Ԭһ֡
ںͺХսʱХһ֮⣬ûܸκΣУԬû֡
ҶĻͬҶĻĸоȫһһΣԬֱ֣ӽ
顣
ǹ𣬾ԬոҶĻǰʱǹˣֻҶĻ˫ǹ֪ʱѾ׼Ԭüġ
ӵֱԬüĶȥ
˿̣ԬǼֵĻԻҶĻͬھ
ಡ
תоӵԬ̱˿ţֻ˫ٴϮҶĻ
ɾʱǹһˡ
ҶĻȻһ׼Ԭüġ
ô£㾹ȻԤҵĹ
˿ԬҶĻ𾪣Ѿ˵߸еǿߣκν߶޷õԤĹҶĻĵҲֻǰ˽۷ĲΣͬ޼
ûбҪ֪
ɫɵȻҶĻǹڽԬ
ƣȻ˵ٶȣҶĻҪѷɫԬϾԬ֮ѾԶԶ˾Ž׵ĲΣǰ˽۷ǿߣҶĻͲܸϵҶĻȴԿ
ΪҶĻΪͻߵӽλֵһУһԬҶĻǰǿĵ߸бȫûãҶĻԤĹܹͨԤ
飬顣
ǹٶҶĻеתǹ׼Ԭǹͬʱֻһɼǿ֮ҶĻϱ˿
һ˲䣬ҶĻɢľŽ֮Ѿﵽ˾Ž۷ĳ̶ȣڣҶĻ֮ԼԼ˾Ž۷塣
ɱ֮
ʲô
ȻһǹҶĻ׼ԤٴʱȴҶĻ𾪵顣
סˣԬûܣֱ˫ֵסҶĻӵ
ֻԬ˫һգ˲㽫ҶĻӵУͬʱԬҲ˰벽
Ѿ4.2ĳ̶ȣټ˾Ž۷ɱ֮ҵĹѳͨŽǿߵĲΣȻܹ˫סҵӵһﲻ֮ǿҲĳֶεǿľˡ
üͷһĻҶĻ˵òĳ̼ɱ㿪ʼˡ
ΪڵסҶĻӵ˲䣬Ԭ㳯ҶĻٴι˹
顭
һǹһΣҶĻûԤֻǶ׼Ԭ䡣
Ϊڷŵһ˲䣬ԬսҶĻȻܹԤԼĹԬֱӷʹõ߸УӲֱҶĻ˹ûнκܡ
ҶĻӵȫ˫סˡ
ȡ
һȫóոסһöӵԬֳצֱҶĻȥ
顭
ȣҶĻķӦȻԤУҶĻ֪ԬĹ漴ֻҶĻźϽսѥ̧˲Ԭϡ
ǿȵ2.8üͷһ壬ܵϴǿҶĻһκˡ
ԬϵҶĻһ䵽ʮ׿ĵط
ţǹٶȻһΣҶĻʽȴıˣֱ䡣
ֻҶĻһת˫۳ʻ˦ſǹǻε
һɹôܹ߱κƽȻҲ˻εָļɡ
顭
֣Ԭ˲ץסҶĻŻε˿̣Ԭǲͣ׷ȴͣΪεԻηɵԺҪͣеֵ
ٶȣӦ̶ȣҺСɱĹ̥ȫһ࣬սζҺܲȴҲ˵ңҵԱ֤ҲˣûңҵĹҲܹ߸ȫ
ģڵʵҪӮⳡսֻкʱ䣬ѾˣټϺͺХսҲһЩȥĻҾӮ
սҶĻڵ״İ취ȴܹá
ҶĻԤԬ£ԬͲжϾץסӵʱѾ˽⵽ҶĻӵϵǾ4.2ٶӵѾͨŽ׽߹ȵӵӵܹ͸Ԭ֮
ҶĻֻҪԬһǹˡ
˿̣ԬҲЩѰˡ
߸еɱñϣһﻹܹԤҵһжӦĹٶҲֲܿǲ˫֣Ҿ޷סĹһﾹȻϰ˽սɣ˫ϵȻȲҵĹȣסҵĹȴǴ´ࡣ
ѲȸղŵĺХҪѲöֶ֣࣬Ҫһɱһֱȥʮֲ
ɱС
һĿҶĻ𽥵ģԬϵƿʼıˡ
Ҫˡ
üͷ壬ҶĻе˫ǹСķš
ҶĻֲɵӣԷһеնɱʤɱ˸ǲôܻûɱУҶĻ֮ǰѾ뵽һ㡣
䡣
֮һ˲䣬ԬԼе֮һΣ֮ȴǿǳҶĻѹ˹
ʲôһﵽҪʲô
оԼ˲أҶĻ̱üͷ
壬ԬȻֽҪͷóֶΣҶĻǲ⡣
ֹУû˻ȥʹ塣


205 Ԭʵ
壬˼壬ǽ֮ʩӵĳһط
֮ǿ߶ԣǺ£Ϊ壬֮ǿߣʵǿһأ֮ǿߣһȴôˣֱǼߡ
Ϊ֮һ壬ʩӵ˶ֵϣô֮ǿߣ޷ʩӳȥ֮ǿˣʵ½һء
ͷųȥ֮Ҳֻܹһ̶ȵƣһʱڽͶֵʵѣǿ
˵֮ǿ˵ֱǼߣֹʱû˻ȥʹãʴˣҶĻŻ˾ȡ
֮ʩӵϣȻܹһӰ죬ʹҵж󽵣ʵҲ½һﵽЩʲôüͷҶĻ˫ǹ׼Ԭ˿и
ʱҶĻҲôܣԬ֮εǿ
Ԭ֮Ѿ˾Ž׵ĲΣټڳѧɱתʹ֮ѾǿھŽ۷һأ֮Ӱ£ҶĻֻɱԼԺ𣬶ҲƱһɽһ㣬ޱȣʵܵ˺ܴơ

ˣҶĻֲʱԬˣֻ˿̵ԬէǱܱ
ҶĻԾȴԬٶȣ˿̣ԬȻû֮ٶȴȷҪ࣬״̬ʩչǱܱһ㣬ʩӳȥ֮ûκӰ졣
ãʵ
ͷȻҶĻҲ˲ôˣ̧еתǹ㳯Ԭȥ
顭
𻨷ɽ˫һ̧Ԭ˲סҶĻӵͬʱԬҲҶĻǰ
˫ֳצֱҶĻȥ
ܿһҪܿһһצܹϵХ֧͸ʹǱֱܱۣǻңܹ˲佫ҵͳ
ûκԥҶĻĽ³̼չתŵһԶȥ
ҶĻȴԬ֣֮米һɽһ㣬ޱȣʹתŵٶҲ̫졣
˻
˺ѣԤҶĻ֮յıܿԬ˫צԬ˫צҶĻս˹ȥҶĻǰսȫ˺ѡ
û꣬һԬĹû꣬צץҶĻͷ
顭
䣬ҪͷҶĻ׼Ԭȫ±һ䣬һ˲ʮ߿ӵÿӵ׼Ԭϲͬȥ
ҶĻתŵ״̬£ʮ߷ӵûתŵҶĻʮӵ䲻
顭
֣ҶĻʵӵѲԬֻԬ˫һܶ㽫ʮ߿ӵȫС
ҶĻʱ䣬Ҳܵ˾Ԭʮ׵ĵط
һʵ̫ǿˣ֮£ֻʹһҵʵ亹ʵҶĻ˿̵ǲ֪Ǻˡ
һֱͣ϶Ƕá
мȶҶĻеתǹٶ̧
顭
һ߲ͣٺţһ߲ͣؿǹ
ʱҶĻѾóȫʵÿһӵȫʵٶȣǴﵽ۷壬ҶĻӵֱߣлŻε
ֻһԬ
Ԭʵʵ̫ǿˣһе֮֮ʵȻûһ˿ټʹǱܱ
ҶĻʵӵûκв
ֻԬβͣܶܶԬȻҶĻĴӵӵ˹ȥҶĻƴȫʮ෢ӵûκһܹ

𣬻˵ԬٴҶĻǰ
˿̣ԬѾסҶĻ
ã̫ܲˡɱ⣬ҶĻȫµĺë
ҡ
ſ죬ҶĻҪ֣ϾӮҪĻԼСţһнпܡ
ͻȻҶĻոպһʱȴͣ
䡣
ƣͻȻ䣬ֻһ쳣ǿƣҶĻϱŷǿ߶еƣҪԶҶĻʹתŵ֮ơ
漴ҶĻ˫΢΢뿪˵档
˽ףǰ˽׽߲ܹӵе֮ܡ

ˣԬ˫צҶĻһָʱҶĻˡ
ֻҶĻŤת֮յıܿԬ˫֣Ԭ˫ֻǿץסҶĻ½ǡ
Ԭʮ׵λãҶĻͣ
˿̣֮ɫٶȻصҶĻС
˽ף벻ôõϣȻʱͻˡ΢΢һЦҶĻе˫ǹңָԬ
ǰһ̣ҶĻֻ߽۷Ľߣһ̣ҶĻѾΪ˰˽׽ߣϾ֮ǰҶĻʹﵽ߽۷ĳ̶ȣ˽Ҳֻǲһ˿ѣֻһԬŵĹ
һλĲ಻СҲǺܴ󣬲ڴ˿̵ҶĻԣȫһλĲ࣬ոպá
߽۷嵽˽ʣٶȣʹҶĻԬ֮磬ΪҪȴҶĻĵС
˽׵ҶĻӵоŽ׵ĵУټҶĻ֮ԭѾ˾Ž۷壬ʱҶĻ֮Ѿȫ˾Ž۷壬;Ž۷֮һСξ롣
ʱҶĻ֮ԬҲһѡ
ڣ֮ɵѾС˺ܶ࣬Ǽ΢΢һЦҶĻڿսơ
ҶĻܹʱͻƣԬҲǳԾ
벻㾹ȻܹʱͻơüͷһԬޱ˵
ͣûĻ˵һһʱͻơ
顭
ǹûκԥҶĻֱӱ㿪ǹ
һ룬һʱ䣬ҶĻתŵ״̬£ʮӵʮӵȫ֮ͬǰ
ǰԬ֣֮ҶĻʵֻܷңҶĻʵȴܹӰ˳ңټ˽֮ʣʱҶĻʮǹȫѷɫ߽۷ʱתŵʮǹ
顭
𻨷ɽ֮ͬǰһģһʮӵԬֻǻӶ˫֣˲㽫ӵУʱԬȴûٶȽһĶҶĻ
ðˣһǰ˽ǿߣ֮£ӳʵ߽ͬ۷ʹǱܱʱ޼һĻʮа˾Żͷһ޷Ҳ޷˵ңһֱȥ
ҿʹһУУʹһУҽһ춼ûսǴ˭Ըسǣʱڳǻǻһ֣սǲͬսǻˣˣ˵ʵ࣬ǺͺХһģǾܹӮ½ǡ
ʱ˵


206 
һʹһУôڳǺͺسǵսɣսȴܹӮºͽǵսʱǺسӮ½ǵĻôǱٴչս
ɣۺسܷӮ½ǣڳǶɣڣǺسӮ½ǵĻڳǻпܻΪ
ڳߵ油Ա߸ڶŵУսԺԲơ
ˡ
һԬ̧ͷ
˿̣ڳߵλˣȫضԬҪԬ׻ʹʲôʽȻԬ˫֮УȴΡ
ˡ
ҡҡͷԬֱ̤㷵ɽϡ
һ˲䣬ҶĻڣ˶סˣζû뵽ԬȻʱ䡣
Ϣһһ㣬˵С
˵߸УսȻԬȻʱ䡣
֪ͷβҶĻû˵ʱҶĻȻͻƵ˰˽ףԬҲδûһƴ֮ȴˡ
һﵽЩʲôżĲԼԻк֣ΪҪ䡣
㶵վԭأҶĻԾĿԬıӰ
Ǻǣһֹʲô¡ҶĻЦҡҡͷӮ˾ͺãÿ˶Ϊ˸ԵսӮⳡսѾõҪģҪֱľͿˡ
˫ǹҶĻֱصɽϡ
˿̣ڳǱλ˵ɫȴôÿ˵Ǻѿ
λǿ߶ˣȻܹóԬʲôսѾ
ߣҵĺ֣ȫǷֻϺȡһԬվֱ뿪ɽ¶ȥ
ΰʹӵԬֿƵһţҲвսǣһӢܣʵ̫ˡεĿԬ˻λȻһУԬЩʲô
Ҳãܹסڶ
ЩǼɡ
ߣǩһɫѾױڵ˵漴Ұеİť
ΣеʱĺΣԬʵڱ֮УǿģһӹɣȴҶĻܹӮҶĻΣΪ˹ȫֻ֣ܱ䡣
Ȼڳǵλˣ˶ȴϲЦտ
ݣĽˣӴĽ飬Ӯһأλȥ˭ǰ˵ġһ΢Ц˶˿̿ҶĻˣǺ޲óȥϼڡ
ǺǣսѾûùˣһΣЩ
Ӳ˿Ҳܸˣڵһ콻ᣬֻ˵ڶһڵһ죬ȴ˵һܲúӲˡ

ҶĻô£Ǽһղŵı飬ǻк֣ôͻȻˡڵϲöĺХҶĻһ㼱ææʵ
Ҳ֣һԻк֣ȴҵԤϡҡҡͷҶĻȻЩɻ
ڶԬڱڶʱһԵ˵
ѵɻ֮ʵȻֺҲ˵û֮£Ȼӵмǿʵһʵ֮ǿ֮ʲôһǶɻɡ
Ҳɻ󣬲ڿı֮ȴһ뷨Ӧӵĳƣʹû֮ʱʵȻ֮ǿʱȴʵʹʵû֮ʱһģһҲΪˣһŻʹѹҶĻ
ȷʵںսʱҲɻ󣬲ȴûüȥЩڿʮа˾űˡ˵ţҶĻ˵ͷ
ҹһɱбǽһƣʹʵ˲䷭¶ǶԵȵģǸʹû֮ʱʵȻǿǽǵƣӦûмǿĺ֢ŶԣһĻΪҲͿԽͨˡ
ͬ˵һڱڶǽǵƴңƵķɺпܻʹ޷ټսڳǱ߳սԱҲֻʣһѩȴͬҺͺХʧȥսȴˡ
Ҳ˵ΣʤĶǣԬʹһУڳǹڶסʹһеĻڳǷܹסڶ
Ժеɻ󽥽ʧһҶĻҲ
ˣ䣬ҺɱĻľҡüͷһҶĻٶȽĿתԬǱߡ
ʱԬڵϣû˿飬һʯͷһ㣬ҶĻȴһʤġ
ʵֽ׶εȷʵԺɲá
ʱ䣬Ҫıʱ䣬ҳʱ䣬ͨĵһ㣬ҾͲһ޷սʤлᣬҺᣬԺԻнֵĻᡣ
һӮýңһΣҪ׽ܡ
ҶĻҰģҶĻһΪҰĸˣⲢҶĻȥʵҰ֮飬ϾֻһСǸˣг徢ҲԼİ
ԬΪ˹ȫֶ䣬㼤ҶĻİ

ڶǶŸԵ뷨սȴҪС
ĳսسǶսǡ
峡սսǶսǡ
սڳǶսسǡ
սȻӮңĩβĽǣע
ӵԬڳǣҲԸԳɽ˺سǣǺͺسǵսȴ˵Ԥϡ
ǾȻӮ˺سǣΪӣȻչʾͬһεʵ֮յ˺سǣʹǽǰꡮһˣɹ˵
ʮһ̣ʱսǵٶȻصϣͬĻеˡ
ǵĲսߣѾؾƵˣûǵ¡
ңһߴЦţ˶һ֡
ߡ
һɫңֱӽƿɫҺӸ˶ӳȥ˲䣬λǿߵϣȴԳһ˿ʹ֮ɫ
лˡºɫҺ壬˶Ϊŵļ˵ǻǰѸԵĽóɡ
˵ҶĻ̱ɴ˫ۣĶλӣҶĻܰӸɳ
սǵһŵĽҶĻΪԾôһĽأ
ǽǵġΪԸԻóһӣ漴ǵ˱뿪ޡ
Ǻسǵġ
ڳǵġ
ͬǵһڳǺͺسǵó˺֮󣬶뿪ޣȻڳóĺҪܶ࣬ǻҪսǳһݡ
Щǵˡ˵ţ˶һЦĽӴˡ


207 
ľƣֻÿӵжһľƣڳǸĺӵУľơ
ЩľƵʵؼΪ⣬һۿȥľͷģϸĻͻ֣ᷢľ֮ϻһ˿󣬸оʵԶȽҪӲöࡣ
ֵǣиľƣһӵģǴСͶһģһ֮ľм֡
ڳǸľдһڣдһ𣬺سǵľдһ
ǰЩʲô
ɻĿ˶ҶĻʵǸ㲻ףЩľƵǸʲôõġ
ıһӣɫĹľһۣ˶Ƶǰ
ϸ˵ЩӲֵǮֶֻӶѣǣǰĵطȴıء
սĵطӦ֪ɡ˵ţ˶ڳǵһľƣֵطλԾǨǿߵʬɵģͬսһҲӵֵطڳǵľƣǱнڳǸطʸʱһ¡
ǺͺسǵҲһ
ǵĽ
ʲô
ХֱӾ˳ֵطڳλȫ˽⣬ХȻ֪ϾӣҲֻǽ·ζѡ
˵һֵطһµܹλԾǨǿߵΪĹɲͨĹǶڶλԾǨǿ˵Ҳǿ
ҽߵĽ̶ԽߣôչٶҲԽ죬Ҳ˵ԽǿߣõĺôҲԽ࣬ԶλԾǨǿҲƴȫҪС
ǰܽеֵطһӣХЩŵٴʡ
ƭʲôӾ֪ˡָָӲ˶Ц˵
ݣ˶λԾǨȥڳǱصĻðеڳӣХ˷ܵ˵
תۼ䣬Х¶ɻɫǰֻĿӣȴˣôְ
Ŀ飬սˣȴֻķ֣ϹأΪû油Ľ
ĽᣬսԱǿĿԻݽһһݣ油ɳսнսһȴЩ⣬˶սû油
Ȼ˶ġ
Ȼа취һεĽҶĻסԬʹԬԶ䣬ĹõĽҲͱǶࡣ˵ţ˶ҶĻ
ĿǵģҶĻԻһν·Ļᣬ⣬һŷ弼ˡ
漴˶һϢ濨ҶĻ
·Ļ᣿üͷһҶĻҲû뵽ԼȻܹý·εĻᡣ
Ϣʱ༸˿ҶĻҲЩĽ
ĴУȻ˵ÿжһױȣöλԾǨǿߵʬѻĹֹҲŸߵ֮֡
УսǵĹΪģսΪĵͷӵеĶλԾǨǿ࣬ͬɱʱȥǿҲģһĻսǵĹȻҪǿеĹһ
һµЧҲõġ
˶ҶĻķ弼ѾҶĻսָˡ
ǾͶлǰˡ˹֣ҶĻЦ˵
ûСӣιҲ޷Ӧõġ
ˣȥɣϢһ죬Ϸսǣһ߲ӵĽ˹Ҳ쵽սˡ
漴˶ҶĻ˳ŽӴƵǱ߶ȥ

صƵ꣬˶˸Եķ֮пʼϢһϵսÿ˶ԵúƣǺХΨһҲʵġ
ν·Ļᣬ¡ڴϣ˿̣ҶĻЦ⡣
ԴǿŹγвپŽ׳ǿ߶ͻƣΪ˶λԾǨǿߣλᣬҳΪ˾Ž׳ǿ֮ٽкܴļܹɶλԾǨ
ǿ֮·ǰ;һƬǲ֪Ҽǰһ߲ӣǸʲôӡ
һ߲Ԫ˧ĳǿսӣȫǿս֮һÿһܹһ߲ӹǿߣʵһηԾ
˵ͷҶĻ׼˯һҶĻոʱȴ
Ҷˣ⻹ûԼԴҶĻ˶Ϣ濨˳
ǰԶľǿߣóĶֻǷ弼ҲΪķ弼ʲô
ϽóЯ΢͵ԣҶĻϢ濨˽ȥ
ֻһͼƬֽ˵ҶĻǰ
弼
Ǿ
ضŵĻҶĻһһĿֽ˵˴СʱҶĻ˽⵽Ĵ
ڿ֮ҶĻüȴһ˿ϲ⡣
ϲʵǾϲ벻ǰȻὫֶңⶫҶԣԲѷɫһս켶ļʵ̫ʺˡЦҡҡͷҶĻŵԣʵǲ֪˵ʲôǺˡ
Ȼ԰Ǳܱȼ֮õ
ǱܱһȼķţַȴģӦ˵ǲȱģ󲿷ֽеǱܱǲȱģΪȱƪ
ӵƪҲܹɡ
֮˵ǱܱǲȱģΪʹַȼõģ޷ˣЩɢȫ£вλǿȴ޷õһһǿ
ƪǰķţȴ
ȼõʵ̫ˣ˸޷ƣǵõķҲ޷ֻȫƿǿߣܹԿƣЩһ㣬һǿ
˵󲿷ֽߵǱܱǲȱģֻƿǿߣܹǱܱ
ƿҶƿ˽⻹ࡣԼ˫֣ҶĻҡҡŽǿߵУܹȫƿıǳǿߣһûд
ȫƿǿߣܹԳʮЧһܹǱܱ㣬ƿľŽ׽߳Ϊǿߡ
һɣȫĳһ㣬ܹ˲屶ҵֱ죬ǰսƪңҲ֪ʱܹһ㡣
ǰڿҡ
ˣһƪЧ˶ҶĻվҪһƪĹЧ
䡣
תŵվҶĻ˲ʹתŵţֻҶĻڵأ˫ۡ
ˣˣˡ
һҶĻϿʼֻҶĻļڲͣĶţҶĻǶļ⵱дġ


ڰ˾ һ߲


208 ƴ
峿˵ҡ
ͨɽ·ĳڡ
ˡ
һɳƵԴ˳漴ֻɫ谵װ׳ͨɽµĴڻʻ˳
װ׳ͶһģһҲͨÿװ׳ǰһ˶ġս֣սǵĳսǵһˡ
ҶĻ˱ڵڶװ׳ϡ
˵ҶĻСӸòǻû˯ѰɡҶĻļ򣬺Хһɻ˵
ʱҶĻȷʵǺɻһήң޾ɵģ춼û˯һ㡣
ǣһ죬ڻû˯зźѪ˿ҶĻҡҡͷ漴˳ϵĳϣң˯һᡣ
ӣҶĻ˯˹ȥ֮ҶĻǵͳĺ
䡣
ͻȻƵһ㣬װ׳ĳھҵĲ
ɲ£Х˵ɫԵüΪƽΪװ׳ٶ֮
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Ͼһ߲λ䳵ɲʵģߣսϣÿһÿһ붼ΪٶȻҪ졣
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˿̣ҶĻľѱľ˿ѷɫʯ֮״̬
湻ģһս֮󣬾ȻûȥϢȻ˯ҶĻХ̾
ǺǣɹḶʮĺˮҲ⡣΢΢һЦʼ
ߡ
һδ˵ʲô˫ۡ
ڱ۵˲䣬ĺȴıˣҾҲԵüΪԣĳּ
ݣһһƴҲˣХȻʾѧҲ˫ۡ
Хȴȫͬ񣬺ХĺƽȣĸλҲܷɣȴһɲͬơ
ƵгѪζȴûκε⣬ǹϢ
ͺХ̽״̬Ҳû£Ŀʼֻξһ⡣
ʽû˯ڡƲһۣξڳϣͬҶĻһ˯˴
ξʽ֮򵥵ģսֻ޾ս
ս弼ξҲһţ޾սĥͬģξһ򶼺ᷳʽ
װ׳ĳڱϢ˳ͷսʿ֮⣬˶ͬϿϵ
ʮһңҶĻ˫ۡ
ţôôҡҡͷҶĻ
ݣһһƴˣҶĻЦ
ҪƴƴĻֻܻײ㣬ȥԹȥʣȥЩվڸߴˣײڸ߲УȴԶֻһֻϣٿϡ
뵱ϣҪѧȥƴ
ãҶĻ΢΢һЦ漴ٶȱ˫ۣʼƴ
ҶĻʱĶոյõƪΪյĶֻƪ̵ܹʱڣǿս
䡣
תŵУֻҶĻһɼǿƣҶĻϻɢ˳
ƪȼõһΪ99ݣЩֲǿ
ƪҪѭ򽥽һһĽÿһƿأÿƿһôܹһתƵططǿһſƿеһ
ȥһҪʮҵʱ䣬ʮȡܹʮƿء

ûлЦҲûϾ֮ģȥ·ϣڶԵüΪƣ˳ͷʻԱ֮⣬ҶĻ˼ȥ˵
ÿ˶˷֮С
ʮһ֮ʮңװ׳ͣ
ͬʱһɼΪҵǿƣҶĻ˵Ժ֮Уڲɢǿơ
ǵˡ˫ۣҶĻһ˿ϲ⣬ոպãʮһҳƿʮ
֣˿תŵ״̬µҶĻǰһȭ

ֻһƿ漴ҶĻ¶Цݡ
Щ̯ȫʱʹȫµʣ11.6ǿ0.6ңЩһĻȴܹʹĳһǿ屶ܹһЩ
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ֻʮһǸ㹻ʱ䣬ҽ99ȫƿأʱһ۵ܹǿ屶࣬ʹӵټҽ˲תƵȲʱٶȣʱҵʵԿһЩʵΪͨľŽ׳ǿߡ
ʱԬҲҵĶ֣һûͨΪǿľܹͨĵһ㣬Ž׳ǿߵУȻҵһϯ֮λ
ȭͷҶĻһ˿֮ɫ
ҶĻ﷢ˣϿ³ʱոװ׳ĺХ
Ŷˡ
ˣҶĻҲװ׳
˿̣ҶĻվλãսǵĳǰ
ǻˡ˸ҶĻǰսǣ¶һ˿ϲ⡣
ǰڳǱߵĽӴȻܾе֣սĿоһ˵ͷХͬ˵
䡣
Ȼ׼սʱĹɼǿƣȴԳŵһߴ˳ĹǿҶĻߣƶš
֮ҶĻ˿Կ϶Բ֮ңĹɼΪǺɵġ
ɱĹΪɱڣҶĻڸоĹ˲䣬ŵһ˿Ѫζ
ĹɱκһɶҪԶԬ
ɱõķҲܼ򵥣նɱ飬˻ޣֻҪ鶼ԣնɱԽ࣬ôһϵɱҲԽء
ǿɱĸϵɱԬЩҪǿܶ࣬ǵնɱ˶飬ѵһ߲ӵˣüͷҶĻضųţҪǺηʥ
ǰϲϲΪսһ
һˬĴЦ𣬽ţֻĸԸߴĳ֮˳
Ϊ׵һλǺˣһ׳˶Դ󺺣λ󺺵ʮҵӡ
·ȴһģһһ߲ӵͳһԣһ߲ӵˡ


209 һ
ɫĽսһ˫ϽѥԼһϽλһ߲ǿߵװ
˼ϵľȴһǰ󺺣ٽΣˣȴֻУΡ
ֻУ˵ʵȴɲ⡣
վҶĻܹоɱϢ֮⣬ʲôоڣɱĻҶĻΪͨˡ
ָоֻȾŽ׳ǿߵϳֹ˾ǾŽ׳ǿߡ
УεľŽ׳ǿߣһ߲ӹ治һ㣬ǿǷǺսǵĻǴУһ߲ȴֻУ
󺺡пǶλԾǨľǿߡ
˿̣ҶĻϸϸĴĸˡ
ҲͬҶĻһȤĴҶĻˡ
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ǺǺǣ⼸СôţҪȥ˵ţ˶ЦҡҡͷΪԪ˧յһ߲ӽӳԼѵ̹ܽ٣⼸Сӣ콻ţᵽȥ
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ΪʮλԱ֮һ˶ϵĵҲأʱó׹ȴ˵һ£սһˡ
սһ飬˶ȲԱ֪ôҲͿ֪ˡ
ǰˣսǶʮλڣȻǲܷʲô£εսûʲôϵȴҪЭһҡҡͷ˵ﲻ㣬ȥ̸ɡ
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˵գ˶Ѹٳ˹ȥ
˵飬ӦûʲôϵȻϾҪȥһ߲ˣִ飬ƻòǡʼХЦ˵
ȷʵǻȻؾƵɣҲûʲôˡ˵ţҶĻ˵ͷ
漴ҶĻ˱ԷԼסѾûǵˡ

һӺ˶İ칫С
˵ɣʲô飬費Ҫٿ߻顣һĶ˶˵
ǰ鲻Ȼ˵ܲҵһȴ㲻ֻ̫һغսѣھۼʮԱٿ߻顣ҡҡͷ
˵֮˶Ҳһ
⣿ѵǶߺϱߵġüͷһ˶˲뵽һԡ
ǰûЩߣȴȫߣǱߵȺߡ˵ţָָϱߵķ򣬡һܲҵЭңɱϲ߸߲㡣
ʲôվ˶ֱɴ˫ۣŵľ˳
ߣͨߵУجΣǶ֮ĵ壬ĵڶˣ˶ȾǿߵУȴֻһСѡ
սǵиƣһ߲֧ţôܻ޷ҵЩߵܲսЩܲλãʱԶЩ߷ܹնɱ
սһֱȴûнЩǽΪЩսǵĸ߲˰죬ڰͱսǵĸ߲ˡ
ֻҪսǵĸ߲Ը⣬ԽЩ壬ȫһ߲ӣͬ޴ȥս˵߱սǵһֻΪǵӣʵԽܣԸ߲ŻὫһ
Ҿ֮ͬɱҲһֻ۱һֻۣȥʣȨˡ
Ϊս߾֮һ˶Ȼ֪飬ߵЭ̣ҲɵģҪնɱ߸߲ʱ˶Ż˾ȡ
ǰЩһߵЩȥܣӵֻҪնɱϲ߸߲㣬ͨǸҷҲһնɱ˵ͷΪ϶˵
׳ʲô飬ܲΪλʱ˶ϳ˲⡣
ǣ߱ϢϲѾͬǱ̸ձȫתƵǣҼ뵽¡
顭
Ļ䣬˶һƽǰ顣
˿̣˶ŭ⡣
û뵽Щ˵ȻҺӴѵǵΪս𣿡ȭͷһ˶бŭ
ΪܲҲ´ҲһΣǽӴǰҲ֪Ԫ˧ԡʱҲͬһŭ⡣
Ҫʲô˵ɡ˶ɫָƽ
ǰûдʲôֻ֣һСӵıװȻǰһսģҪϲߣȴԶԶԣǰһЩ͸֡
ںǿ
С˵ͷ˶̽ϵͨѶ˳
ι˶
õжӵȫԱӵſڼϣЯһжӱ׼սģûΪʲô
˶½˼绰Щ绰ȴǴӵģǴһڸ֣ЩֵǱսǵеȻһΪȫǶλԾǨǿߣһ
ǲٿ߻飬һжԼӦսģλԾǨǿߣѾܹ߱ˣټұˣӦù˰ɡ˶˵
ǺǣǰЩȻǹˣʵټңһжӺһСӣӦսģȻǹˡ˵ͷЦ˵
ţǱˣӲСӦҲ


210 
սǾӴƵꡣ
ιʲôǰͨѶӲԴɻ˵
ôͷûͲϵˣ
⵹ǣǰһǴæˣոսǱҪԲ٣ӦûʱϵҰɡ˵ţӲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ţӲϵЦȴʧˣΪԺгһ롣
ǰòܲǱߵɡüͷһӲСĵʵ
Ҿ֪㣬ܲһεȴûʲôϵܲǳϲߡ
ߣӲɻˣͬ˶һϢʱҲɻˡ
ţܲСӣϲߵĸ߲㣬Щ˵Ѿͬǵ̸һҪôûʱͷһˡ
ֵ˲䣬Ӳüͷϳ˼Ϊõɫ
û⣬Ǳ߲ûʲô飬ʱš˵ţӲ˵ͷˣǰҶĻǼСӰɣǼǰһ߲ӣǰʶҲá
УӣСӵſڣ˰޳Ҳϡ
漴˶ҶͨѶ
ϲЩ˵ǻˡͨѶӲ׹է֡
ҶĻ⼸Сӣǰһսա
漴ӲٴͨѶʼҶĻ֪ͨ
֮ҶĻķ֮С
֣ȻʱǰȥߡüͷһںӲ֪ͨҶĻҲЩɻ
ˣôʲôֺûȻҪץסһֱ˵ǿȴûмʶĽ߾ӵǸʲôӣθȥÿԼʶ¡
ڣɣʱ䲻ˣһ߲ȻһҲͬ޾ΣʵԽǿļҲԽߡ
ͨѶҶĻٶ
ͬҶĻһҲӵ˺Ӳ֪ͨǰżϡ

ڶ죬賿ͷҶĻ߳˷䡣
ֻڴ֮УӲ޳Хξɳϡ
ǵӣӦöѾ׼ˡӲվ˵ȻѾ׼ˣھͳɣսߵ˶ϲ絽ǱӦòѾˡ
漴Ӳ߳˷š
Хεô¡ںҶĻ˳Х½ǣӣӦ֪ɣսԵ޹ôȥϲ
ңͷ֪ͨҵʱû˵ڻһͷˮأһŽܹ˯ʼХƵ˵
ôʲôսͿˡȭͷ˿̵ξһȡ
ξ˵ĲòҪô࣬ǵʵͨߣǵһ߲֮ܲԻᾭɸ񣬶񶼲ὲԵɣֻȥعͷ޳ҶĻͺХ
ڴֱ֮ǰӵĹغܼ򵥣ӣһϼָȥ¾һ¶ԺҲȥ
һ߲ȻǴֱ֮ǰľôϸ񣬵ҲӣֻܷӾͿˣûбҪȥΪʲôǾӡ
ҪסӲǳУȨԼɣֻ˾ӡ
ӣֻҪȥִС޳˫ۣҶĻ˵ͷ
ĵУҶĻȴһ뷨
ҪһĹ;Եķӣһԭ򣬵ֻǶͨʿԼٶԵģԪ˧ǿ׺ǵǿ߶ԣû˿ȥǣȻ˵ûһĹ򣬾ӻ
ʵԾܹһС
Լ뷨ҶĻںӲſڶȥ
ͬϣʮӹߵ˳Ÿ
ɱüͷһոߵŸҶĻоǿˣҲָߵ͵ɱ
һ˵ɱɱɢģ嶨ȻսǵľˣҲֻоӵ˲ܹӵּɱ
ź̬ҶĻ߳˳ţǸһţҶĻסˡ
ҶĻɲָߵ͵ľǿɱӦ޼ɢģҶĻȴͲ
ǲʵ̫ˡ
ҶĻȿ壬ңЩȫɫսϱŸʽϵҲԵúƽȻѵصһȺսʿһɱɢģսĳԱ϶ף׵Ľߡ
һͬˣֻһңȫɫս̤ɫϽѥɫЩ˵ǰһˣһ߲ٽ
Щһ߲ӵˣЩɢɱȻܹͬϵɱ࿹⡣
һ߲֮ͬĲ࣬һĴ׺߽ǿ߾Ӷ࣬лһЩ˽׺;Žǿߣһ߲ӵˣҲһ׺߽׾Ӷ֮࣬ɱĲȴ˾޴Ҳ˵һһ߲սʿնɱ飬屶ҡ
սսЩһ߲ӵˣһԶӵмǿԶԼλ֮ǰЩˣҶĻֹ
ǺǣӲǵˡ
ʱֻ˶λǿߣһͣʮװ׳еһ˳
˿˶װȫͬλǿ߾ȻҲһսһͬһɫս
ͲСӺ޳ǾͿԳˡǰ˶ĺӲļ
ⲻ㿴ڲż㣬롣˵ţ޳̧̧Լϵֱ
ǻǱˣ룬ǸϵЩߵܲʱѾǰҹˡǰ֣ھͳɣ°꣬Ҳȥ
Уӳǵϳڳ˻֣˶
ǡ
شͬʱ漴ֻսǵڸСӳĴѸװ׳ϡ
ͬʱһ߲Ҳ£װ׳
˶Ӳλǿǵǰװ׳ҶĻ˺޳ȴһ߲ӵĳ
û취ҶĻѾһ߲ӵˡ
䡭
һ漴ֻʮװ׳˲٣һ̳ϱ߼۶ȥ
һװ׳УȥʻԱ֮⣬滹ʮˣбҶĻ˺޳档
˿̣ҶĻһĴڶһ߲ӵսʿ
һ߲ӣЩϵѪζأһˣϵѪζҲԬ϶٣Ȼ˵ǵĽλЩͣǵʵ


211 ̸
֮жεĽߣĵҲжΣ֮ȴǰ˽۷ĳ̶ȡ
֮Ӧúɱһͨ޾սܵġ
漴ҶĻֽĿתһ˵ϡ
˸۷ĽߣҲ۷壬֮ȴǾŽжεĲΣϵɱѪζŨֱͬԬǸɱȴֻ۷Ľ߶ѡ
ٽµˣϵɱֱǿûߣпھŽ׳ǿߵУҲǼΪĴڡ
һ߲ӣʮа˾ŶսɱĽߣټһһǿԪ˧ѹһ߲ӿԳΪȫǿս֮һ
ͬҶĻһХҲϸϸЩһ߲ӵսʿڸоЩսʿ֮ʱÿ˵϶¶ʮ־ȵɫ
Ǽһ죬½Űɡ
ʱҶĻսʿתͷ˵
˿̣úĿⶢҶĻˣ˿ڵ˲䣬ϵڶսʿҲתͷһĶҶĻˣȫȻû˷ı顣
ҶĻǴèһ㡣
ǡ˵ı飬ҶĻ˵ͷ
ˣսʿ̱˴ĴָڲǱ߼٣ֻҪܹһĲˣȴȫǽʧߣǲһȻܹ½
Ǻǣá
˵Ļ䣬ХϱЦ˻
ŪǣЩȻһ߲սһ߲ǱߵϢʮͨģǵõϢ˵ڳһʵǽʮ콻ᵱǿģܹһڳԿԵ֡
ʱҶĻ˶Щ˼ˣһ߲ӵ˵佱˶Щ˼
ˣ˵һ߲ǱߵʷǳߣܲܽһǱߵҲǰ׼˽ɫҶĻֱʵ
˵Ҳûáҡҡͷսʿ˵ǺǲͬЩÿһǿȥģͨӣҲˣ֮вûоŽ׽ߡ
˵ţսʿָָˡ
һ߲ӣŽϵĽߺ;ŽµģȫʽŽµĽ߶ͨӣһСӣÿγҲ԰СӵʽȥģŽ֮ϵĽȴͬܲھŽϵĽһʽҲûнӴԲ̫˽⡣
ÿһ콻һһһʮŽߣЩߵУҪμһ콻ᣬǸĿƳʱ䣬ʣȫҪһ߲ӣܹμѡεˣڽһ߲Ӻֱӹ뵽ŽϵǿߵУʽҲǾŽϽߵĹʽǼģҶǽͲô˽⡣
˵ţսʿεҡҡͷ
Ȼ顭üͷһһ˵һ߲ҶĻҲЩ档
ʵڽһ߲֮Ȱ㻹СһЩһ߲ӴĶɲȳĽߣӭսĿ꣬޴ʱߴӣԼŽϵĽӭսҲЩŽߡ
ս֮˲Ϣ䣬ǵķһСľͻһ߱ǴˣΣճ̶Ⱦߵģҳ˴ս֮⣬һ߲ӵˣʱпܻӵܲǰȥĳִЩ϶ΣޱȣҲߵˡ
һ߲һҪСģÿһγʱҪȫ׼ЩŽߣвŽߣΪ̫յһ߲ӱ
޴ȷʵСһ㡣˵ͷҶĻ뵽˵Ӣ걩ʱĳ棬һЩȺƶʱΡ
ЩҶĻһֱԺ֮УҶĻȴ֪޴νӢ걩ҺʹȺȫǲĶ
ޣʲô
һ߲ӣһõط
ҶĻ޴ĳʱξӵһ仰ȴƻ˵顣
񲡻ûйͬԡҡҡͷҶĻЩεĿξһۡ
ֻξ˿һȵĻţͬ޴ƴɱһ㡣

ʱŵĺܿ죬һʱ䣬ҶĻ˺ڶһ߲սʿĵжȹˡ
ҹʮ࣬һĳͣ
ӦѾˡ
оװ׳ͣڳС˯ҶĻ̱˫ۡ
ˣҶĻ˻װ׳
ֻ˿վλãһϿȵϷҶĻĲԶһΪѷ졣
ϲߵܲôôסˣҲûߵϢüͷҶĻĴš
ﲢߵܲߵܲŻʮҡһԵ޳˵ߵܲϿȵУһǻᲽйȥװ׳ﲢá
ϿȵУЩߵܲΰŲԶѷ죬ҶĻ˵ͷ
߰ɣҪ֮ǰ׼á
š
װ׳˶ս˸ԵĿռ䴢豸УڼλǿߵĴ£˱㳯Ͽ·ʼ
һСʱ֮

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ţҶĻоһʮָӵĲˡ
Ѿҵľ֣֮Сʱ֮ڣֻҪûɢɱ⣬Լ˺ͶλԾǨǿ֮⣬κ˶޷ǣоǡ
ǰǧױǴ˴εĹĿ꣬λӳ첿£ռƻ£һ׼
ڣʼж
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ƻ£Ǹţѻͻ飬ٶѰʺϿǹλããսСңʱ׼
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ǼҲңûҵ֡
ж
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֣֮˿񱼣Ҳ޷ǡ

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˿̣ҶĻ˺޳һ߲ӵսʿһʯı
ǵǰԶߵܲ
һص׶Ѩڣߵܲһص׶Ѩһ׸ߵĴ󶴣ڴŽ߰ء
ľ֮ڣŽ߲ûзǵĲԶһһ߲ӵСӡ
ʱҶĻעȴûзߵϣǱսʿ˹ȥ
һ߲ӵһ߲ӵһȣǱߵΥƷֱ


212 
һ߲ӵսʿ˶ǻˣһ߽жεǿߣȻ˵֮Ҳǿþˣ˵֮Ȼ˾Ž׵ĲΡ
ߵִһż翸ڣڵΪɫ޵ĹͷӽƳɵģͰгֱô֣ڼ翸ڵĺһɫߣӵսʿı󣬶սʿıһɫӡ
һսʿһѴɫĻǹѻǹܳһңǹӵָ̣һֵָĴͺӵҪǣǹһѸ˹ǹ
ҶĻ۾ˡ
翸ʽڵ⣬ϿǿвŽ׽ߵĴɱټ֮ԣԸӵκϣȥĵǸ֮
ֻҪܴУȻԻɱŽ׽ߡ
³ĸ˹NA77ԮԻǹһвŽ׽ߵĻǹ
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֪ڴֱ֮ǰΪƼŵԳư磬ֱ֮ȻǽߵأȴȻûз¿Ƽ
ǿƼĽᾧڶѧΪߴĳҲֻн߲ܹԦ
ּȴһ߲Ӳܹ䱸ģսҪʹֳҲҪ׼ͨĽߣǸûʸӴּĳ
ĳҲͺҶĻ򵽵ǰѸ˹ѻǹһģĳĹʮϸ񣬺е˸û㵽ҶĻҲǵһμֳʵ塣
ô˧ɡҶĻ˵Ŀ⣬ŵڵսʿеⱦ100ġ
ǹҲûҵĺã95˵ţսʿָָǰѸ˹ǹ
УһƲƲ죬һսʿ˵
üͷһҶĻĿˡ
λ磬ֻ˵ѫ͹ѫʲôһ𡭡
ȻһҪ100㹦ѫⱦƲˡԼϵڣսʿЦ˵ѫǾΪЩͨ׼ĸǿУѫûʲôô
˵ͷҶĻʮͬ˵ΪҶĻڱѾ֣ԼĹѫѾˣٶҲûá
ǰҶĻãùѫھԶһĶܶ࣬ڣҶĻþһģ඼ǷĸֶԣЩûô
Ͳͬˣһ߲ӲӵеĶþÿһ߲ӵĳԱܲǱ߹ԹĶֱʤΪս켶𼼷Ҳþ򣬻쳣ĶҺþġ
Ҿһ߲ҲֹܲĶԹеĶǿɽ׵ģϸ˵һ߲ӵǮ
һ߲ӵǮܹһЩ쳣ĶϲҶĻһ뵽һλ磬ܲûпڼ̵ʱڣָ״̬ҩ
ȻУҩľʯҲСսʿ˵ͷ
һ߲ӡҶĻЦš
򲻸ˣһ˻ָ״̬ҩôͨʱ佫̣ʯЧʣҲߡ
ͨѾ˽׳ˣȴΪͨԭ򣬶޷ʣ壬˽֮ҪʣҪõй壬ŹĽУҵʺ͵ҲΪͨԭڸ޷й壬ֻнͨĵһ֮Ҳܹй塣
ҹȫƿ˶ԣʵ̫ˣֻҪһҵʱ䣬ұܹɹ壬ָ״̬ҩһҪŪ֡
˶ҶĻгһ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
λֵܣ֪ʲôȰ㻹˰ɣָ״̬ҩ쳣ĶһҲҪٵһ߲Ӵ˽ʱ䣬Ūٶ뷨е㲻ʵʡ
šӦһҶĻ˵ͷ漴㲻˵ˡ
ҶĻУȴԾûдͷ
ҪȥͺѣҲü

ͬһʱ䣬ܲϷ˿̣˴жȫۼ
˶ӲԼ˶µλԾǨǿߣǿۼ
ĸ߲һˣȫǶλԾǨǿߣ˴εǽնɱƻѾˡʱ鼫Ϊࡣ
ǰͺӲڶֱӽ˵ػȥ˽նɱ˴Ӻȥҷͷж
û⡣˶˵ͷҶҪСһ㣬ǵʵȻܹȫնɱЩ˵ѾϵѱûˣڳȥʱСһЩ
šӦ㻹ǰģһλԾǨǿߣ̶ѨҲסǣһΣգʱԽҾˣҲ˳
ĸСҲսʼʱ˸߲֮ߣֻҪҷôȴǵıǾɱ
жɡ
˵գλԾǨǿʧԭء
ǺǣǰĻɡ˿棬ӲмЦЦ
㣬һϹͷɾڡ˶ʾ
ȡ
ͻȻֻӲһ˲䱩һһ˺Ӳϡ
ţһɾǿ֮˿
֮˵ĸоһһ㣬ױȵķ֮УһܹջƵζ
֮ǿǳǿֵ֮˲䣬Χĵ涼ʼɺӲȴ֮ƵļΪλ뿪⣬޷о֮
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һ˲䣬һɼܹʵıţֻԲ׵λȫ̮ȥƷ˴һ㣬ضʼҡ
ˣһţӲ㽫ܲĶȵ̮
η󱲣͵Ϯҵĵ̡
䡣
һ˿ںӲ֮𣬽ţһӰ˶ͺӲĶ档
̳֮еӰȥͬ죬ϸȥͻ֣ᷢѾķ롣
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˿̣һĶ˶ͺӲ


213 
˶㵽ʲô˼ΪҪٻҵĵط˶һŭ˵
ߣʲô˼Լ˶ĿŶԷɺƣΪ˵ص쵼ˣ𡣡
˶ĻɺƵ˫̱֮һ˿ңҲ࣬תۼ䣬ɺƱָƽϾǶλԾǨǿߣжԻǺ׵ġ
˶Ҳ˵ʲôԼּǿ޹£Ӧøһ⳥ҿǻ̸һ̸⳥ɡ˽ɫɺɫƽ˵
װͿеʱͦãѾԪ˧ĵߣɣûбҪټϷˡ˵ţ˶ϳһɱ⡣
䡣
ͻȻһıԵص״ġ
漴ֻضʼҡѾ·߸߲㽻ֵס
ˣɺ̱˾֮ɫ
ֳ˵ʲô˵ģѾʼ֣Ƚ˵˵
ȡ
һԵĺӲûֺƢһӲ˫ȭֱԷŶȥ
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䡭
ǿ֣ɺΪ˵ߵϯ쵼ˣȻĹֻ֮ɺұһ㵲ס˺ӲȭǿҵĳĽ֮ɢ
ϺӲȭʱľ磬һʱ䣬һ

ŭĿԲӲȭסʱֵȴһһ׶೤ǵ̵ĳ
ӶֱɺƵĲӶȥ

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ͷ֣ٶȽһ
һӲ֮ٶȱǣʹó˶Է˫֣ʱ˶Ҳˡ

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ɶ񣬸λѣϽ֣ǿ̸
ˣɺƲδӲǿߵĹѸ˿
ɺƸеȴǣôкҲκһֳɺһҪѪĳ嶯
üһǲµĹ治ﾹȻˣ˵΢һ룬Ӳ׶Էڽʲôˡ
漴ֻӲеŭʤֱɺƵĿڴ˹ȥ
ͬʱ˶Ҳٶȹȥ
˿̣ɺƵǼˣһ߲ͣţһٴκ
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ʱһЦ漴һӰϢĳɺƵߡ
Ӱһ׺ɫĽսҲŻ棬ȥһ̿һ㣬˳ֵļΪ죬ֵ˲䣬˶ͺӲһ˿⣬Ȼ˶ûзγֵġ
ôĹȻҳһĴء
һ䣬˿˶Ƽ˳һ㣬ŭı֡

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ݣܶˡ
ˣŵڵսʿ˷һЦ漴ֻ׼һ߱һڡ
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ѹ־ܹټļҵûЩͲܣ߽׽ߵʵ̫ˣЩȴܹʹãһ׻߽׵ĽߣսӵоŽǿߵƻЩһ߲ӵһǿǣսĸǰѾһյߣҶĻ˿ڿˮ
Сսҳȥѻ鸺ѻս飬ʱṩ֧ԮվӵľŽ׳ǿߴ
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һЦҶĻתǹУ漴Ž׳ǿ߳˳ȥ
ͬҶĻһȥĻ޳ХˣԼʮλһ߲ӵսʿʮִĻսʿǽ
ߵܲôоԭʼ˾סĵطءѾ붴ѨҶĻǰľɫüͷ
ص׶ѨǱ׼ĵص׶ѨҶĻϿпĵص׶Ѩ޼һȻ˹ĶѨǵӰӣҶĻΪԼĳһ޵ĳѨС


214 
ߵסΪ˵ҲֻһС壬ǲļʺСսǵҲ١
ߵУûʲôרңѧר֮ˣǸûпƼȥսǺ;
ԼĿвѧңԼרңʹõĳҲԽͳУܹʽͨʹõߣߵȴûЩˡ
ĵطŻӣҾĵص׶ѨҲ޽ģû֧ԮߵѶȻٶߣסĻпܱڻҪá
͵Щ͵ǡ
ʱɼΪŭ·
˿ҶĻվڵص׶Ѩĵһ㣬ֻڵص׶Ѩĵ㣬ʮߡ
Щߵĳ඼ʮֹ죬е˺޵ĺ壬еȴԶ񻰵еһЩ֡
ȻȽϹ죬Աܣϸ˵Ҳһӣڴڵų⣬ѾΪ˾ĵˣ߱Ҳʮֵࡣ
ڷҶĻڶһ߲սʿ˲䣬Щ߱Ҳŭ⣬ֻһֱϣҪҶĻնɱ
սֵѹסٶȽЩ߽Ǿɱ
ˣͷŽ׳ǿ̴󺰿漴ֻŴ󵶱ӭһŽߡ
Ҳ
һЦҶĻת˲һߵǰеתǹ׼ߵüıһǹ
ಡ
㿪ˣǰ˽׵ǿߣȻвҶĻȴԼǿٶȣ֮յıܿҶĻ
ˣҶĻ̱Ҫ׷ǻûҶĻ׷ȴԶԶĵ˳ȥڿʱ߻µļ⣬ڲͣš
ѡ
üͷһҶĻ˲뵽ô¡
عֻҶĻŵڵսʿűʱһڽɵġ
жѻǷ㣬
սʿ˵ͷ漴ҶĻһߡ
ڶʮִߵĻѹ£ҶĻֻʮӣ㽫ʮһա
ţڷͷжһսС鸺ߣڶսС鸺ĵһ·սС鸺ϱߣֱСл֧Ԯ
Щˡ˵ţŽ׳ǿͣ£ɻɡ
Ҽסн߷ΧߣȫҪնɱж
˻֣Ž׳ǿߣŵһС֣˳һͨʼ·ǰ
СҲ˳ŸԵ·߿ʼǰ
ǼɣжλԾǨϵǿߣȫסˣֻҪСһЩǼʵӦûʲô⡣˵ţ޳˿·ٽһ鷳ҵùȥ֧Ԯ

˵ֻ꣬޳δܶŵص׶Ѩ·񱼶ȥ
ءԼΪԱҶĻźХʼ
жȻѰȥɱˡ
һ
ȥʶʶŽߣǷʹŵһ
⡣
Х˶һӦ˵ɫԼĴ㡣
ǺǣȻˣǾͷͷжɡЦҡҡͷҶĻҲһӦӡ
ٺ٣һ
֣漴ξսˣѡһ·ȥһѾȲҪѰսˡ
ξȥХҲѡһ·ʼ񱼡
ˣҲжˡüͷһҶĻڶͨ
ߵܲǵص׶ѨͬģĲ·Ҳܶ࣬ҶĻڵ߷Χ֮ڣʮͬĲ·ÿ·ͨ˲ͬĵط
߰ɣҵʵ·ˣǿдڶȥûġҡҡͷҶĻѡһ·Ϳʼ
䡣
Ȼһɱ𣬽ţ¶Ѩʼҡ
䡭
ֻҶĻʯ£ߵܲʱ̮һ㡣
ݣѻ죬ֻ˵һ·ѣõųô𣿸ĺʱ̤᳹һüͷҶĻЦ
ˣǸϿжɣЩǿҪǴˣ˵ˡ
ЦҡҡͷҶĻԼѡ·ʼ
һӣӣӣҶĻһ·ʮ֮ͣʱҶĻȴɻˡ
ô£ѵߴ·ˣ·ģҿʮӣѾ˵ҵλãΪһӰûɻĴܣҶĻЩͷˡ
ҾͲ·ûߡ
üͷҶĻʼС
ոձ˲һӵʱ䣬ҶĻȴٴͣ
ԣüͷһ˿ҶĻܹһʮϸС
Ǵǽϴġ
ŲƣҶĻߵǽϡ
棬ոսȥҶĻ˽̸
ûɡ
ôʲôҲֲܣֻͨľŽǿߣûսղֲûоضɽҡǶλԾǨǿ߶ʱס
ⲻǵսôңֵܴϢλȫսǱߵǿ߶ˣҪλϰˣǹƶ
ͷİɣǵȻûսǶ࣬ǽĳ̶ȴҪԶЩ࣬Щֻǵ͵ˣôܴùλϣ߻ԮսǱߵ˾ԲǵĶ֣ǽǵ֮һ̫ӣܹΪ綥֮һǵڣû⡣
˵ҲǣˣʲôҾǳϰˣҲܻȣﰲŵĶǱЩ˾ǰˣҲὫЩߣʱֻҪһǣܻˡ
ţЩڣǳʲôǴﰲȫ
߱㲻˵ˣʱҶĻȴɴ˫ۡ
Ǳߵ˾ȻĴءüͷҶĻǲ֮ɫ
˼壬һ֮˼ǵˣǻһ쳣ǿ
ΪǴֱ֮ǰһңھֱ֮γɵɴֱףһäĿԴĿһеС
ֱɵģͬģҲǲԴأڴֱ俪ʼʱڵϵĲܶʵ̫ˣǺҵʮܶȣ˵˼
ڴֱȫΪѾˣȴû뵽ֱ47꣬ڽǵʮ򵺹ĲţǾȻܹŹܶȼߵĲһɹڽ


215 
ڽȴԾˣʷˣܵȫų⣬ҲֻнԭܵȫųĵطŻǡ
ոڽʱֻʮ˶һ㣬Ȼ˵ǵʵǿڵʱҲֻȽһ㣬ǵĸȴ쳣ǳ
Ƽڱ󣬾ƼҲȻʧˣһҪչҪпƼ֧š
ûпƼ£ҪѰİǵУûκһȥǣԴȡƼҲûԸ⡣
ڵѰ޹֮Щһת˼·ûãȡҲǾֻˡ
ʷΨһһεĿֲ޳ȫ಻޴вǵıͱӣڿֲ޳ڼ䣬ǵĿвܵϮ
ڣҲڶԿֲ޳ʱܵϮблĵĴУŷĴ
ԺΪ˺Ĺڻĵ˹ǣ޺ԭһֱͬһ㣬ܵ˸ıԾɴڽǵ
Ժȴ̤㣬κһĵ̣бĵ
ѹ־´ɱ˵ͷҶĻһֻȻʵĸоԪ˧ڴֱ֮ǰǹһֱһֱеǿߣڴֱ֮ǰҹ͵źĶԹΪ˵Ԫ˧ȻǳӵĲš
ټϴֱ¼Ϳֲ޳Ϯ¼´ҲͲΪˡ
ˣǽǱߵһ˵صĶǱüͷһҶĻ̱뵽˷ߵĶԻݡ
˵˰ܣҲȻὫЩߣǺöҪ취
˶ҶĻѸ˼
ôأǽıһŽߣȻ˵Ž׵߻ûоŽ׳ǿôҲƲҵʵһЩѶȡ
ˣʹһС
ͻȻҶĻüһ˿ϲ⡣
һЦ漴ֻҶĻʼˣһֱ˵ǽһʱͣţҶĻͳһתǹָǽڡ
䡣
һ˲䣬ҶĻµһǿѸҶĻ֮г֣תŵ

³һҶĻȻ˫ۡ
ˣոձ˫ۣҶĻµļ㻺ضҶĻȫļⶼںһ㣬Щһһģʮˡ
ҶĻһֱվһҡ
ˡ
˫ֻۣҶĻһ֣漴ҶĻǹˣֵеתǹһǹ
ͬһʱ䣬һɺܹɱѾ˾Ž۷֮ҶĻϱŷ
ֵ֮˲䣬ǽһߵŽߣҲӦ˹
ˣǷӦʱѾˣѪ׳üĴ
ɱ

תǹ˿ҶĻĶͷϾȻǺˮƷŵǹһ㣬ҶĻȴЦ⡣
벻ʵսԼ㵰ʽȻó
ֻһ㣬ȴ޷ȼõһ㣬ڵһӴʼұܹһˡ
ҪһȴҪʱ䣬ڵҪһ㣬Ҫʮңʡȥʮ룬ܹ˲
ʮ룬һľվʮһиǷȴãһǽڣټҵĲֻҪҲʹ֮߸޷ҵĴڣȻ
ʮҽȼȫۼУһ˲䣬ֵ屶ٺԼ֮еӣɱӦġ
ڿһʲôֵ˵ǡ
һЦҶĻ˲ͷϵĺˮ漴ǰȥ
ǰǽڣһȭ㱻ҶĻˡ
ǽֻ֮ǽڵһˣҶĻһͨһʮεССһ׸ߵţ˲䱻ɱߡ
дţðˡ
׸ߵţҶĻüͷ
ȥող¶Ȼ˵ҵʵԿǿдţڴ򿪵˲䣬ϴиӦˣȴܹ֪űǿд򿪵Ϣ֮Կ֮⣬ֶζ
Կ׺͸ӦӦö߸߲ϡ
ˣȽȥ˵˽ȥ֮ٶȽϯһգȻ·
⣬ҶĻǰóתǹ׼ŵۡ
һΣŽ޵޹ѹƳɵģֻøղһУܹ˲佫ǿд򿪡
ҶĻٴοʼ
ʮһ
顣
֮ٶȱֻҶĻһǹ㳹׹ᴩ˸дŵо
漴дŻԶˡ
ڸдű򿪵˲䣬ڿкͺӲ˴սɺƣȴ
ãдűǿдˡ
˵ʲôһԵĺҲһͬ˳
쵰ĸ˵ȻҶҵĶ˵գӱѸսȦŸдǱ߸˹ȥ

𣬾˺˵˲䣬ӲĳȴĿ̶ֱ
ɶ񣬹˫һ˲㵲ס˺Ӳĳ
ǺǣҪ뿪ҵĽ˵΢΢һЦӲĳٶȹȥ
ȻӲЩףΪλͻȻżӲȴ֪Լĵˣ֪һ㹻ˡ
쵰źӲŵ飬˵˫ѾѪ˿

Ȼʱ򿪸дŵҶĻȴ⡣
⣬⣬ǱգգۣҶĻЩŵĿǰĶ
Ŵ֮һƽҵĶѨѨ֮вûнƱҲûйʯ֮ֻһͷǳ̲ݣЩ̲ݣҶĻסˣҲЩ̲ݣЩѷθըˡ
״ÿһһ׸ߣɫȦλƺϸСݣӦûɡԼҶĻ㶵˵
Ӧû
ͻȻһЦҶĻϣЦѸתΪ˿ϲ֮ɫ
˿̣ҶĻѾ˷ܵ˻ĵز
ݣǻݣöλԾǨ޵ҺԼϡҩӸֶΣܹĻݣˣǷˡ
޼֮һֵܹһɫľһһٶݣЩһƨ
ָ״̬ҩĺĲϡ


216 
ÿһҪ׳ɣҲҪֻλԾǨ޵ҺԼϧҩȥ࣬ҪĿƼֶνŰҵʱܹ졣
һһٶݣ죬նɱٶλԾǨ޲ѹЩ˼ǰˣҲҪĶߡ
һٶݣֵԲѷɫڴɫ
ЩֻҪҵרҵҩʦһЩҩܹõ֮Ļָ״̬ҩ
ץʱ䣬Ͽ콫Щȫǹ⡣
˶񣬻ּ飬ҶĻϽǰʼĻݽϴ١
ݵĴʵ̫ˣ֮󣬻ݵӲҲ侪ˣǵͽ׽þȫҲ޷𻵻һ˿һ
ټĻѾȫˣҶĻոʱԵüΪ
ץסһѻݣ㽫аγӽԼĴָС
ҶĻ˱£̶ʮʱ䣬ҶĻ㽫Ļոһա
һʮһ꣬һʮһݣҲǸˡ
˷ܵȭͷЦҶĻҪȥ
һҶĻعͷ
ˣͷ͵ȻݶѾոˣҲ£ЩݵǾϧҩĺͶλԾǨҺҲһǱ
ܷŹ
漴ֻ˫ðҶĻԽָóһСŵ㿪ʼھ
ƽ׵һңЩҶĻֻ˶̶һӵʱ䣬㽫䳹ھһա
һӺʯֻһһĴӣ֮⣬һ
ҶĻһѾˡ
˵ĸ˵ȻҶҵĶ
䡣
ͻȻһɾʯıͬʱһΪȴ쳣ǿ֮
ǴʯĶϴģűʯĶ㾹Ȼƿһ󶴡
ţɢ֮ĺӣԴ䵽˵ϡ
˿̣ӵ˫ȴѾȫͨ죬ƱѪһ㡣
ôû١
һԴߵĵһϣɺơ
쵰֪˭ɵģ׷ĺǣҲҪʬΡ
ʮ꣬ǧʮ꣬ʧ˽Ž׳ǿߣĻݾȻϴһգʮѪ׷ˡ
䡣
ǰֻʣһӵʯɺֻоһ޷ݵŭͷ漴һĵһԵʯϡ
һ֮£ߵܲʼҡ֪ʱɺѾŭ˺ֵز
֪ΪЩݣʮλϣڶŽ׳ǿߣǰȥնɱλԾǨޣڼʧľŽ׳ǿ߱нһλλԾǨǿߡ
ټʮϧҩĺѪ
˿̣ĳɹȴϴһգʮѪȴΪ˼£ɺûιȥѾǿˡ
ɺƣ
ʱոձ˦ĺӲ˶ϵˡ
ֻһ𣬺Ӳ˶еıֱ˵Ҫȥ
㣬ƥ˸ɵġ˶ɺͷŭٶ쵰Ҫͬƥͬھ
ͨ˫ۣɺҲܲôˣ˫ȭ˶
ʱɺƵȭͷ𷽲ŻҪ࣬ȻѾóȫҲˣȫһҪĴ򷨣ͬ˶˻ˡ
ţȴһɺƼ顣
ˣɺƶֵ˲䣬ȴʧˡ
쵰֪Щ˵ס˵ԼĺӲɺֱӽ
ߣ뵽ȥ
䡭
Ȼֻһɲм漴һӰײʯڵ˳
Ǹոʧӡ
˿ӵȴңϵĻʧˣϵĺɫսҲѿ˴룬һһѪĶͷһֱ쵽
ѪȻǳȴǱһġ
̤̤̤
Ųһ˴ӱײƵǽڵ˳
Դ׳˶ļ⣬һɫսͺϽսѥ
Ȼ߽˲䣬ڳȴĿ⼯档
ֵһѴصһ׶ߣһĺɫص
ѺɫĴصͱȽ֮⣬ûκε֮ȻѴصĺӲ˶ȴ¶˾֮ɫ
ɺƺովĺӣһµɫѴصһѿնɱľһ㡣
⡭Ԫ˧ġ˶һɻ˵
ǰԪ˧嵶һεľɱԪ˧´ģ´֮ʱԪ˧㵽֣Ա㽫嵶ңԷһû뵽ó
˵ͷ˫ֳֵضɺƺӡ
ڤѵĵɴ˫ۣɺƾ˵Ҳʼˡ
ˣѵڣ˾Ѿˣֻܾ·һ
˫Ŀ֮о֣ɺƴǰֱһӵϣ䳯Ǳ˹ȥ
漴ֻɺƷ𣬴Ĵ󶴣Ҫ
ɺƣǲȥ֮ȻҪ´׷ɱڱɺ߳ȥ˲䣬ӱô¡
һ£ܻܲһˡ
˻
ѪӵεǰʱûκԥеĴص䣬㳯ӵüն˹ȥ
ֻڴص֮£еĶ̵綹һ㾶ֱ㱻նϣ漴صӵͷֱ£һѪٴγӵϣѪл
һϣһ֮£˲㽫ӳ׷ʬ
׷ﲻڡŴصûȥѾȥĺӣֱ𣬳ɺ׷˹ȥ
Ӳ˶

գǳʮӣҹƱҪˡԼؿڣҶĻվڵص׶Ѩڴҵ˵
źӲ˴ս֮ʱɢǿ֮ҶĻȻܹо
ΣͬڣȻðŲ㱻ǿɱķգջȴЩ̫ḻˡȭͷֱʱҶĻһ˷ܣһʮһݣٶ
˵ݣЩȥһۣǱλԾǨ޵ҺϧҩĹεǷˡ
ҵһ߲ӣһɾȻþȡһЩҩģҵʵҩʦұܹõĻָ״̬ҩʱͨԿһ֮ɡ
ټԲһ꣬һ֮ҵʵһδȵķԾܹٷְͨŽ׵ҾǾŽ׳ǿߣһھŽ׳ǿߵҲ߱˳ߵλĴڡ


217 
ǰĵص׶ѨҶĻҡҡͷ漴߳ߵܲľʯ
ϢȻ˵ڿٷ֮ٵȴҶȫƿǿ۵ģģĲһĴ󣬷ǹҵڻϢɡ
ոѾоһλԾǨǿߵϢڿ˥ֱʧӦˣٹһսܽ
ڴʯϣҶĻʼػָԼ;
ΣգԱôִһ߲ӳľѻ֣ҶĻ˿ԼᱻϮ
ʮ֮
֡
ֻҶĻͨѶһ˸ȻڸϢ
ͨѶҶĻ㿴ͨѶϣżʺɫĴ֡
Աȫˣ֮һ߲սʿTC
ݣһ߲ӵ˾ȻTCšüͷһҶĻ˳ǵʮѹƱⶫȻֻܹͨ˽µĽЧɱˣҽıըΧҲˡ
ԶһĺãTCͺŵTCܲһЩطҲǹΧ
ͨѶҶĻ̱
ҶĻЩܣɱߵһ߲սʿҲȫʰʼˡ
ͬʱܲĸڴսڶһ߲ӵսʿҲѸٳ롣
һֱ뵽˾ܲǧ׿ĵطͣҶĻڶһ߲ӵսʿ
кϷˣôһûսըóԶҶĻضԶܲ´κһڡ
λֵܣûʲôÿģرͺߵĴսõTCҪֲĶһ߲ӣеǻۿҡҡͷҶĻԱߵսʿʾȤ
սеڴ΢΢һЦҶĻԶԶ
ӹҶĻͨѶһ
ûгԱ쳷룬TCʮ֮TCʮ֮
ҶĻСǲȻܵô졣
ʱֻХ˲ŸոܵҶĻߡ
ݣһ߲ӵ˾ͣTCֻڶԸ޴ĶȻըߵܲ
ֺϷɲܴ
ѸҶĻߣХҲó˸߱Զ
ͬХһҲó˸߱ԶˣȻҲϲս͵ľTCʱĳ˶ڴ
ʮ
֣TC
䡣
˵ͨѶͬʱ𣬽ţһıը˵ĶС
𺣣Ļ𺣣ӳĲĢ֮ĶһƬ޴ģ޷ݵͻ𺣡
һ̣ǲԶҲܹԶĳһֺһ㣬أҲӳһƬͨ졣
ݣѹTCǲһﶼоȡ˻֣оҶĻ̾
ٺٺ٣ԽȲԽãҵһ߲ӣȻҪһȺһöTCһTCҲԣⱬըʵ̫׳ˡԶĻ𺣣Хһ˷ܵĿʼѾԼTCʱĳƵء
Уиƨãվ棬ըҡƲƲ죬ξм˵ҵãⶥҲܹͨľŽ޴һЩƣߵĵвᱻЩǰӵȴܹһһͷͨľŽޡ
񲡣ƨȥξХۿԶĻ𺣡
˵Ĳ
źХξҶĻεҡҡͷ
TCĳʱ㲻̫ϾʱսĶ˲ͺñTCǵһʱ޷նɱޣôЩ쳣ǿޣѸٴӻ𺣵гҲܵһЩ᲻صơ
TCĳʱ䲢̫ҪǶʱڵֻܴܳҡ
ӹֻԶĻ𺣣Լٶȿʼʧ˵ǰʮĹ򣬻𺣱ʧĲˡ
֡
ʱ˵ͨѶ
ʮڣѨڲĸ²½̫࣬˻صԭأȻܹӳ߽лɱ
´һλصԭȵľۼ㣬ʼá
ȻTCȻǿ󣬵ڰ˽׺;Ž׵߶ԣҪǵ˸ոոϵԭأһЩӳĸ߽ߡ
սһչ
ӵڶλԾǨǿߣԼĸڶսʿնɱٶȻǺܿġ
һСʱѾٴװ׳̤˷սǵ·

࣬ҶĻǷսǡ
һ߲ӣǿޱȡɳϣҶĻϻŽ賿սһļԣĽ֯ΪС䣬ټڶ೬һ֮ԶλĽߣѹһ߲ܹΪȫǿս֮һ
ģֻһ߲ӵıɽһǶѣڴ治֪ҵһ߲֮ʲôӡ
һܹһЩ˵еǿߣڤԪ˧ҵʵȻʵķԾ
һڣмǰȥһ߲ӵţһڵ׼ʱ䣬һ֮ǱҪ佫ǰһ߲ӡ
΢΢һЦҶĻתص֮У
Ȱɣ޳˵֮ܵҲûʲôˣһһߵȾͿˣһںܿͻȥ
漴ҶĻ˫ۣʼƪ
ҶĻƪʱڶҲʼ׼
һ߲սǵǿƣǰڶŵжЩ֪Լٺˡ
Хϸѯһ߲ӵϸξǿʼһַսʽڼﾲصȴţٴ˵һ䶷ͬڶŽǿ߿ʼд衭
ÿ˶Լڵȴ֮

֮賿࣬ڴϵҶĻ˫ۡ
ƿʮЧʻǲ΢΢һЦ漴ҶĻʰö˾Ƶꡣ
һ߲ӣлʶˡ
գҶĻҡҡͷ󲽳űǱ߶ȥ
֮ǰҪǰһ߲ӵţȫҪڱſڼϣٵߣһ߲ӵĹشá
ÿ˶ڴһεг̣ڲ룬˱ѾĲˡ
ҶĻſڣֻѾվ˽ˣȫǴ˴ѡлвҶĻʶХξҲУ˿̣ĸһĿڳǽǱߡ
ХǺһǵƯŮ


218 ѵ
뵽㣬Сʱʱ䣬κ˶Զת˲ƺֻһգ۵ĹҶĻоʱѾˡ
䡭
ǽߵҶĻո˸һ㴫ĶУװ׳
ֻʮ䣬ƺϽһװ׳δӳſڻؿ˳
Աӵģվˡ
Եһװ׳ִһ޵ɤű㺰˳
Ѿˣӿ㣬ʮҪжϣʧԱӡ
һţۣеĳ޻迪һƿ
ڱ£һ̹ԹԵվһûκ˸ҷһ˿죬ȫվ
˵һҶĻҲûɡ
һ߲ӵٽʮӸСƣλٴҲУ˵ʹ

ƿ𣬶ʮһıӱֻ߽վ˲ţ̼һѪۡ
ݣվˡָţȵ
ܺãӽ쿪ʼǾͲν֮ˣֻһ߲ӵһЩ±ڣӵĲ¡
ڣһǰǵıţϳһʮˣʮ֮󣬳Ӿͻûϳһٱӡ
˵꣬˵һװ׳
ξξǰҿһƢͦã̾ͱ˱ƢҡҡͷҶĻϽװ׳ɲԱӡ
һǰͨɷ˵УҶĻıȻһţǵʮװ׳
ҶĻһǲǳըҩˣƢôáΪĺХҶĻһԣ˿̣һһơ
Ӧöදһӡҡҡͷڶ˵ӾԵļԣǶЩ˶ԣٽҪǹһָ˼룬ȻʹǿӲֶǲܵġ
ҵȻ֪һ뵽Ҫһֵ´£Ҿͷۣ֪ǡʼХԾһơ
˵㻹ǰİɣԪ˧µĹءڳϣҶĻν˵±Ҫٽѵ£Ҫµнɱ׼սʿ̵һйһ߲ӵ֪ʶ͹أѵǡ
ûֱսѾǺܺˣ²õԼСҲǿһ㣬ԺϷ
ԸֱսҡҡͷХε˵ǲ֪ҿͷ˵һֶβһĺݣǳȽ豸Щ豸ֱܰսĺá
ɣһ߲ӵ벻ȥܲȥġ΢΢һЦҶĻôҡҡͷ
磬˵һ߲һкüֲ˵ǻᱻ䵽ĸֲʱĩβʮţҶʵ
һ߲ƶʽģһֲһֲǺͺسһ߲˾غӣڶֲǲرӣֲƶΪģĵζӣֲҵϣ䵽غӣսҡƬ̣ҶĻҡͷ˵
غսߣҲȥһսֹǼңֱͺĩһֱ󣬴󺣵в࣬޷㣬Щ޵඼չ֣غսǱߣҪʮ޴սǳ棬Ժĩеһƴ
ȭͷХ¶һ˷ܵɫ
ͬХһξҲһ˷ܣһɫƺ޲ھͳ嵽غսȥ˵졣

һŶڲ²ʱڵһϵȴڴŵ绰ݾЩˡ
ιң׼Ķ׼𣿡
һһˣȻ˵ŮĻύǸȥһҪ׼ȫ
ӦǣźһУѵصĸҪ죬ҴЩСһﵽ֮ҪãֳϵͳŪˡ
ЩСһɲͨˣţм˵ʶ˽ˣ˽׵һɰ߱׼ҵʱҪЩСӻع鵽ͨˣÿв˶ӼӰ࣬һҪ졣
УϿ֪ͨǸˡ
Щˣ㶯㣬ȹˡ
˵ͷ漴ҶͨѶ
ͷ߱׼ǲЩˡһڿľŽ׳ǿתͷʵ˶Ҳǰ˺þźŵġ
ôãǶǼڽСӶԣЩСƣǿɲţЩʧߣ⼸СӿǳɹߣΪɹߣȻҪгɹߵĴźҾþͲࡣ
üͷһӦ˵˵
ѵĿģҪЩСһٴΰθߣǵļԣǵۺʣǴҰµʱ䣬ֶԽӲЧԽãԺЩСһǻлҵġ
λŽ׳ǿ߲Цҡҡͷڲ֮£źȫܹһ˽ǿ߳ǿָ֮꣬һ׵ĳ̶ȣЩеˣϣͷʱһɡ
ǰ·λŽ׳ǿ߲ΪҶĻ

һ˶쳣ڴ£װ׳һ߲ѵؼʻȥ
һ߲ӵѵأλڻĵߵһϿȵУսǿνǼԶغսȴЩ
ӵоŽٶȵװ׳ҪʮҲܹѵأϾߵĲֱߣҪƿණ;лطҪУԾװ׳ٶȣҲҪʮܹ
ʮ쵱УҶĻҲûš
չʽȫžʽÿ˶Լ
һ죬ֻҶĻͺХ˿ʼڶ죬ҶĻ˵Ⱦ£һٶȫ״̬ЩżѡεˣҲԸһͷҪ֤ԼȱǿҲһһ
ҶĻȻҶĻѾȼʮڲ£˲佫ЩתƵ嵱еκһȻȼûġ
ʮʱ䣬ȫһζȫĿĵʱҶĻѾ˿ƿضʮ˷ĳ̶ȡ
ѵأôϿĲһأüͷҶĻԼǰǸߴʮ׵ĺϽţЩɻˡ
ںϽ֮šһ߲ѵء֣ҶĻΪ·ˣҶĻģʵ̫ˡ
ХѵأϿĸͲӡĺХļҶĻʵ


219 
ⲻдѵ𣿡ХָǼ˵ϿģӦͨ˵ѵأѵЩǿĽߣѵأ豸ȫȽģͨѵҪߺüΣΪЩŽ޽ġ
ͬġ˵ţХطѵĻˡ
վãվá
ִ޵ߵǰ
㣬ӷſ㡭űӣߴٵ
ֶ֪εڶŽߣһȫԼıѸվ˶ӣÿ˵վ˶Ϊıӻ
̶ʮʱ䣬˱жϡ
ǡ
һȸߴʮףƸޱһĺϽţشˡ
ӳģһƬ򳡴Сľ޴Ͻ𳡵أվ棬˶ܹںϽ𳡵صһ
ͨΪɫʮ׸ߣһһ㣬ȴûκһ˻ΪǷ
ӽȥڸվá
˻֣漴˴˽ȥ
߽ȥ֮ŷ֣ѵزһϽѵأϽѵصұߣһ쳣ͨĺϽ𷿼䡣
ڽĵһоȴ䣬쳣ĺ䣬ʱ˻ûʲôо̤Ͻŵ˲䣬ȴо¶Ⱥһ˲½ʮһ㡣
ʮңĳؾǾ⴦ģӦþáüͷҶĻĿת档
ѵҪѵ԰ɣʮȵĻѵЩŽ߶ԣҲûжãӦû豸
˽ɫҶĻͬһվڸ·ȴš
ڽϽźȴܵһԵķ֮Уûȥˣ˾վţû˻ǲҶ
һӣӣӡ
Сʱ󣬾ڴ֮ʹ֮ϺʱԷ֮˳
ȴһŮӣһʮң쳣˸ζŮӣŮӵĴҲ쳣ˡ
ʮȵĻ֮УŮӵһɫ¶TһɫСȿ㣬һ˫ɫƤѥټǻ𱬵ģһǷ׷ײĿۿ
ŮӵһһͬһģһĺϽ𳤱ޡ
Ǻãҽ飬Ůӽ̹١ǰŮ΢ЦĶ˵
ŮӳСˣ

һ˵УһʮŮӣЩŮȫȥ
Ժµʱ䣬ǹҹˣڣǸ֣ڶŮӳԶȥ
ǺǺǣŮѾˣһЩСһЦţһߵ˵ߡ
̧
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һһɫɫͨ˶֪ЩǸʲôõģڶӵһаƴСĽ壬Ҳ֪Ǹʲôõġ
˵ӣ˵Ǵ¹Ķ˶ϵãսʮ׾ɫս
ЩǱ쳣İǸյȨ͸ǵļɡ
ÿ˶һףձȡ˵ţָָҶĻ
Ʋʲôöüͷ΢壬ҶĻһֲõԤУǰȡ˶
ӹʮȫȡ˸ԵĶ
ڣǶԭظһЩսٽЩ÷еıӣһЦ˵
ɻ󣬿ϵЦ⣬˶ɻ󣬵ǹԹԻ׾ɫս
ʼ÷
ܼ򵥣ǵϣС壬Ҳܼ򵥣СԶճǵƤ棬ֻҪþûŪģǽԼǰ
ȫٽǿǰһȥ㴫һʹý˵ǰ
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ͬҶĻһȫоһ¶˾ȵɫ
Ϊʽһ塣һƴСĽЦе˵ѧźȥһ߲ӿв³ɹȥ֮󣬿нߵڲһ޴ڵ£κν߳ǿָ֮½͹ȡ
ڣǵо˵ָ꣬Ӧö½һ׽ߵĵزûǸزˡ˵ţԼϰ˼£Ȼչˡ
ݡо֮еٶǿҶĻ
֪һֶβһ㣬û뵽Ȼ⣬ҵֿ󣬲ֻʣһ׽ߵڣƻĵķǳ֮졣
ˣ֮
ȻҶĻո뵽֮ʱֿˡ
ΪҽһɫٴνܵⶫѧӦǣϣһʹ֮ⶫҵᷢţ

ƿĻ䣬еıӱֱһոʹ֮Ľ߶ȥ
һ˲䣬ߵϱһɫѪۡ
һ£׼ʹ֮ţҲȫԼ֮
Ȼֻʾӣ˿ûߵĿ⣬˵ЩСһﶼˣڿʼȫϲϴ裬˯ҲһȫҪϣһκ˵˽ԽÿһӣӾһٱӡ
Уѵڼ䣬κ˶ʹ֮һʹ֮ʮӣڶΣͶʮӣʮӣԴƣûޡ
ڣ㿪θСˣվСʱ˭
˵꣬תطȥˡ
ص˲䣬վȴ
뿪˲䣬ҶĻоıˣΧѾʮҵҲٶ½


220 ־
ݣʮȣʮ;źʹ֮վšҶĻҲˡ
ֱͺûʲô
ʮȣʮǳĿֲҶĻŽ߶ԣҲûʲôǲʹ֮ҲһָҶĻڿʹȫ¡
嵱еһжԶţԵļԽǽôҲԽǿҶĻµֻʹһңûһöֻܾվ
ͺñһֱֻһ׵£Ȼ²׼þվڱѩصһ
һӣ˵ӣҲûʲô⣬ҪǾվϰСʱأ㣬ҶĻһŴʱˡ
˿̣ҶĻ˵Ǻ޲ýǰľźû˸ô
˭ǿǺ˶ͬһľǿߣΥû˸ң·ûѧСƨ
ףХ˵ôû¡
СʱȥˣֻҶĻѾЩɫҶĻɨХʱȴɻˡ
ֻʱĺХԾĺ⣬վһ˿΢ЦƸûһ
ʮţҶĻξڵˣȫһĿɫΨХһ⣬˵ע⡣

˶ɻʱ֮еȴںһݣŰ״ӣһ̵֧š
е˰ɡָָҶĻˣü˵һţõҲֻǰ˺ҲʽģֱµľźصЧޣÿвǱ߻ѴǮһңȷЩܹܵˣ
ͷİɣһſɲϸѾǰ֪ˣЩСһû⡣ҡҡͷЦ˵
ͻȻոսͷתʱȴüͷ
ݣôˣ滹һҪԴСӡüͷһһָźХվֱȥ
ɻĿ⵱УֱɫĺХǰ
СӣǲûʲôоɫĺХ¶һ˿Ц⡣
żﻹһСҪ͸㡣˵ţԼĿռ䴢豸Уٴóһ
һɫֱӽ˺Хϡ
֪иĶ׼ģţҪٸ׵Ļǡ

ƿеĳֱӱ鵽˺Хǰ
󣬺Хǰոս𣬵Хȴ¶˼Ϊʹɫϻ˿˿亹
ɼһӾԲᡣ
ǺˣһڵףӾͻ־ʱӾͻ׽׽ĺХ亹漴㷵˷֮С
˿̣ХϿɫԣǷǧ˰һ޳ˡ
ԭˣӦһӸĶ֣ûˣһҲһ
źХһŵ϶¶οɫһֻζС

ʱ仺ţһСʱתۼȥˡ
˿̣ҶĻˣһȫ֮ɫҲڲͣš
ݣ˵СʱڲŹȥһ룬ڵĹؽȴѾһ붼ˡҶĻ޺޵ĿŲԶķ䣬ͣ
ţô¡
ͻȻҶĻüһ˿ϲ⡣
ҶĻŵü䶼һ˿ϲ⡣
Ϊе¶ȾȻڿٻš
ʮȣʮȣ¶ʮȣʮȡ
һӵʱ䣬˶ʮȵ¶ȣǻûڶüʱȴһο
쵰ȻǸ¡
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ٶȣһֱٶͣ
ٶȵĸ£Ծû˿ı䣬Ȼʮ
죬˵Ҫ𣿣ٶȵĸ£ҶĻٴҶĻʮŴ˿̵Ǻ޲ýʬΡ
ովϺǼȣĸоʹһһʵĳ嶯
ôԹվҪڶǣԾҪ̹һСʱ
ڣѰһСʱȥˣ½¶˽ѵɫ
˿ֻ̣ʮţһȫһ㣬ʪ͸ˣһվﶼԵüΪѾ
ϾҲ࣬ʱͨҪǿ̫࣬Ծûгķ룬Ѫ壬ܹʹҲֻʮ֮һҡ
ֵǣʹ֮
ʹ֮ȫЩ쳣⣬͸о˿쳣ʹþ֮ԴңʹĵֿӺü
ڲʹֻܹ֮ʹһ£ﾲվСʱûʹȥѾǺܺˡ
ôˬˬִϽ𳤱޵һЦٴ˹
Ϊ׼ǲǺˬԹ޵Ŀ⣬ֱЦ
ȺСһӣΪǺáͷ˵ߣڼ״̬²ϳԽҵĴڣʲôļ״̬ЩСһ֪𣿣
νļ״̬ÿ˵־־ļޣÿļޣҪϽҪһδδԼ־ޣϵĳԽңֻܹԼٴν
ѵĿıˣЩСһһȻս鶼ԣȴܹԽԼ־ޣµѵǰǴһ˳̵һǹһ߲ӵĶ
ԣӦøлҲŶԡ
Ļ֮ʮȫԹ޵Ҳʧˣֻʣ˴صĺ
˶ţǶƴ츳˲ţȻܹһ
ȷ˵Ĳûдǵ־̫ԶˡҶĻԵͷ˵
ʯ֮𵽶־ã־ȴ֮֮ҩͻͽ־ȴУʹʯ˲佫־Ūޣÿһζ˿˿ԽЧȴԡ
־ѭ򽥽ҩֻǽƫ棬Чʷǳֻͣѭ򽥽ܹٶһ˵־һõĹ̡
֣ǻԭΪһ׽߲ҼԲķʽѵĻѵ־ȻЧ֮ھԿʹ־


221 
µѵҲԭġһҶĻҲ˼Ҫ̵йһ߲ӵĳʶѵǵļԣҪǵ־
־ڽ֮·ΪҪּǿǳã֮ʱ־ǿˣܹתǬɶλԾǨҲҪǿ־һ߲ӵȷǵĺȫ
Ͼûоѵˣ־㲻϶ôǿ󣬶ڵѵڶ֮ڣѸһ˵־һ˵־صһַǳߵĳ̶ȣһѵµĻҵ־Ӧûᵽһǳߵˮ׼ʱ־Ʊܹҩʯ־ˡ
ͬҶĻһڶǲƬ̱ͨеĹؼ֮˿̣˿Ҳû˷ŵԹ֮ɫ
ǺǣΣǲǶͨˣ˵ţ¶һ˿Ц⡣
һЩ֣󺺽һڴ̧
XD3ӪҺһЩѹˮÿһݣһڻָȫָ˵
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ڿʼûӵ˭ͣ

£һѸվ˶ӣҶĻվڵһλҶĻٶȡ
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ı䣬ͣĸı䣬ҶĻÿ̤һܹоһ֮ͬǰҶĻ˶ָо
˿̣ѵصȫˣ˭Ҳ֪̤һǶһٱҲ֮ǳĻҡ
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쵰ֻǵһ죬֪˵Ժ󻹻ôǡҶĻֻܲͣԼķԼġ
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ҶĻʮȻҲһ
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һǺXD3ӪҺѹˮٶȻ˱˼ܡ
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һָҩһۣͨҲۣҩһ߲ӾȻǻָһ߲ӲһǮ
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ıӺأ˵ϣû˺ƿأԻһֱԺľʹɾʹ£·һʹ඼Ϊһ㣬ԸûκܹӳƿأֻܹԹѵĥһֱѵΪֹ
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223 ɢ
ȫǺɫ۹ϵ·Ҳ󶴣¶ǸΪںڣƼûϴƤټԶ׶ܹŵɢζһۿȥڶǺмûϴһ
ҾýˣҲǵݣΪǵϺͷ϶Ǻɫ۹
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ӵĿˣȫӵױȣƱ̬־
ţеˡ˵ͷŸӵ߳Ա˵
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չأڿʼǵѵͽˣǿȥǱߵķϴ裬ϴгԵģϸֲ˾ͻǣѾǷֺõطˣˣ֮ǰǵðϵ豸
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˯ˡŸոյȥ˯µˣҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц
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ѹһӴʯҶĻоޱߵѹͬʱԺٴγһѪɫ磬һеԵϤ
ڵ֮Ѿ˾Ž۷壬Ҿµѵҵ־ҲõǰδеĿأܲǰ
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ˣĲϴԾŽ׵֮ǰʱ޷סһ룬ڣѹȴȫҵĳܷΧ֮ڡ
ǰһԡ


224 غս
Ժǿ֮ӴѹҶĻԼ֮ٴǰ̽ȥ
û⣬ѹȻڼ󣬵ҵĳܷΧ֮ڣ
һЦҶĻٶǰ
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˫ۣҶĻ֮̾￪ʼĥ
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԰Ľʯ𣬽ţҶĻ㵹ڵϳ˯˹ȥ
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ҹһ࣬ҶĻ˹ٴʯ֮ҶĻֳ˯˹ȥֱڶ賿ѡ

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˿̣һǶѵŸԵĳ
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غսߣ⡣ˣҶĻ¶һ˿΢ЦֲսΪҵĵطҾԿԵõĥ
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Ȼ˻ϲǣҶĻ˺ͦ˵ģ󲿷ֱеȴ
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ںӴ඼֮ŮӵҲǲϾȻȫʣµĺӣҶĮ˱С
ݵӣͲôˣֻܴűʣµˡ

ȥһˡ˸ڳϵĺХʮ˵
벻ȻǷֵغսߣеϧȻûֹܷʼҶĻΪε˵
ٺٺ٣غսߣ޾Ⱥ˿̣ξѾ뵱С
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ǺǣС㣬ǼܹЦȻлȥıǮ˵ţҶĻָָХˣҪԾΣյĻʱϵңҿȥ㡣
ߣǼʵȷʵǿҲֻڶѡ漴㲻˵ˣǱ˫ۿʼ
ʵ˿ҲܸӣȻΪŮӣҼãĺʤȴǿǳҪǿҶĻĳֱ㼤ĺʤġ
һμҶĻʱҶĻֻ°ܽҶĻȴѾ˦󣬶һ˦еԶѾ̼
ĳĬҶĻҲֻεһۡ
漴ᵱб˶ȴš
ĸСʱװ׳ͣˡ
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225 ̽
ѵؾغս߲̫Զһ߲ӵװ׳ĸСʱܹ
˿̣ҶĻ˸ոװ׳
ӳҶĻģǾԼҵľαһռؼ㣬һߵĳ;»ء
ڲϴһЦԼʽĲǷȥ߼ʵķ
ȻһУҶĻдģȴԻڲɢһơ
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ܶһ˸ȽĴ֮ϰԱæµţ˵Ŀĵء
ǵܶӵ;Ѿ˽Ĳˡ˻֣ʾ£ҶĻжϡ
Ϲأǵеľ󲿷ˣҪ䵽СӵȥһСᱻ䵽ŽϵľӢСӵȥҿʼ㵽ֵĸЩȥǵСӱ˵ٴν˳
壬ТΣפ
һ˶ʮ˵֣漴ʮ˱㱻ǰźõһ߲սʿˡ
µȻҶĻˣǲμӹѡεľӢеţҶĻȻǲȥͨİСӡ
ʮ˵ķ䷽ʽͬǣǽᱻɢȻ󱻷䵽ӢСӵȥҶĻʮˣĵ˵ͷȻŵеţϣܹȥѵʱѾ˽νľӢСӵʲôˡ
غսһа˴ܶӣÿܶӳӵʮС֮⣬ԼľӢСӣЩӢСȫԾŽϵǿɵģһСӣǿСӣͬģʵԽǿҲԽ󣬾ӢСӵʵǿִеԼս쳣Σգʷǳ֮ߣ䵽֮ϣܹúõرԼܹȥ
ڿʼ䣬ҶĻھžӢСӣХʮӢСӣ񣬵ʮһӢСӡ

ʱһ߲غضϽǵһСͺϽ׷֮Уȴš
˶ӣһӵĳԳһ㣬µĺëǳ˵ңϻһĺӣټһ׳˶ļ⣬էһȥΪǸԳˡ
һ˵ͲСҲһ׳˿ȴЩˣΪϾȻһ˰̣˵ҲʮȻսĸ֡
˵ɫȴôÿ
ʱ˲ð澹ȻǸʲôɵҡҡͷԳһ׳ε˵ÿһ콻ᶼνţЩڳǱ߿˵֮ӣһ߲ӣغսߣƨǣûоʲô̫̣֮Ŀ
ҿЩνţӦȫɵͨСӵȥǱĥ˵ֱӷ䵽ӢСߣֱҲùÿһγҪЩνţܸ
Ǻǣû취Ԫ˧µĹأԹԽܰɣ˭ǰʱˣټǵھСӵʵǿײǹϣʺϴˡʼ˰̵ΪεЦ
˵ĺߵΣճ̶ֲǲ֪ڵʵôǿҶ˼ûʲô˵ˣһ񻹲ȥڼӽһνţۣжúã֪ʲôʱͻȫû׳Ϊ˵
ǲҲһսǱ͹ţȻ඼ۣҲ⣬ʮСǱߣǵбһһţյʱǼһʵͨľŽ׽ҪǿһߣһǻͻĹţͰʮСӲٴΡ
һţ˵ڽˣǰȥڳǵˣÿ˵ʵҪǿڵʮСӵλ˶ǻͻĹţɸǵ˵еһλ˵в֮أҲۡ˵ͷ˰̵˵
ߣʲôƨţ֮֮ʵ˵ҲиסƲƲ죬Գһ¶˼Ϊмı顣
⡭
ˣʵھСӵĶӳ𣿡
ͻȻһһ˵˵ĶС
Ǻǣ˵ܲٲܲپ͵ˣҪԵĻȥ԰ɡЦҡҡͷ˰̵ָŴ˵
Ҳá˵ͷԳһ׳ֱſڶȥ
˿̣ҶĻվڵھСӵķȴš
ôţԡüͷһҶĻ׼ٴš
ԣΣա
ͻȻҶĻԺгһ˵Ҳ㲻϶ǿΣС
䡭
̶ľ𣬾ҶĻɻʱſˣҶĻǰȴһȭͷһ˶󣬼֮Ƶȭͷ
顣
˫ȭཻûκԥҶĻȭӳͬǰȭͷһ
ʲôǿһȭȻûʹȴܹٷ֮ʮ壬ͨŽ׽ߵȭͷҲѷɫȻѸٵİˡоԷȭͷϴǿҶĻֱһ
֮ʹ֮
üͷ壬ֻҶĻѾԽ˾Ž۷֮ŷȭͷϵ˲ǿһ࣬ٴγŶԷȥ
ף
ҶĻʹ֮ʱȴһ΢ľȻû뵽ҶĻȻӵǿ֮
ţҶĻȴɴ˫ۣΪȭͷҲʹ֮֮ǿĳ̶ȣѾҶĻ𾪵ĵز


226 
̫ǿˣ֮ȻѾεĳ̶ȡ
еĸ߽׽߶֪һ飬֮ǿȷֶΡ
ֶַǴӾŽ֮ſʼģ漰˶λԾǨΪ֮Ҳżޡ
ҶĻʱ֮һεĳ̶ȣҶĻ֮ոճԽŽ۷ǿߣ֮һεĳ̶ȡ
ֻе֮ﵽŽ۷ʱܹ֮ΪǶε֮Ž۷ε֮ıĶΣ屶Ρ
֮󣬾ͻûˣΪ;屶ھŽ۷֮ǼˣÿˣǻǾ񣬶ż޴ڡ
֮ļޣҲͬ弫ޣһһ֮ص˼ޣôܹɶλԾǨļʡ
˿̣ҶĻǰ˵֮εĳ̶ȣһ۷壬ΪӽĶεĳ̶ȣˣڸо֮˲䣬ҶĻŻ𾪡
䡭
޹ƶչԼҶĻ֮յıܿһȭ
ֻһȭڿմȻһΪƵ˿˿ƮڿС
۷֮һ߲ӹǿƣֲԾŽǿɵСӣܹ֮ΪӢСӣһ߲ӵ˳ͬɱҪ޴ɱսԶܹͨ⣬һͨǿߣܹһ߲һֱͻƵŽףʮа˾űӵжǿ֮
˵Ļһ߲ӵľӢСӣ쳣ĿֲȫԶ֮ǿɵġ
ͷ˼תҶĻһ˲㽫νľӢСӷ˸ţʱҶĻսʶȴȻûһ˿½
䡭
˶ȭͷٴҶĻϮ
ȻһΣҶĻȴûܣǾֱӭȥ
ȡ
һֻҶĻȭֱӱӭ˶ԷȭתŵϴԲ
ûһ˿죬ҶĻȭͷͶԷȭͷײһȫԭأκһ˿춼֡
⣬⣬⡣
ͻȻֻҶĻһĽӡ˺Ͻϡ
˿̣ҶĻǿ˶ԷݣһëŨܣԳһ׳
ͬҶĻһ׳ҲڴҶĻоǺɫϾȭͷɲͨȭͷҶĻһ㣬ӵ۷֮ҲͨľŽǿҪǿ뱶ңټͨ˫ȭľһһȭûʹκμҲǺýӵġ
ҶĻȭʱ׳еɫȴıˡ
𾪣ޱȵ𾪣һĨŵɫС
ǣǡ
ǹңָԷһ̣ҶĻбתǹǹȵĶ׼˶Էüġ
ˣˣϿǹŻȥëէҶĻǹ˲䣬˱оһΣ漴Ͻֺ
ĶӳܶӵھžӢСӵСӳʯΡ˼㿪ҶĻǹ֮ʯһЦ˵
Ǻǣ֪ˣʯӳ΢΢һЦҶĻתǹ
ҶĻȻ㲻ǴһЩʶ֪ģӢСֵط˵֮ν͵ˣȻҪ̽һʵĵߣȻĻСӵ˶ҶĻҲġ
ڶԷֵ˲䣬ҶĻôˣ飬ҶĻҲ⣬ҲôҶԷڳʱأûֻ֣̽ԵĳְˣҶĻҲ
ԭΪͷţֻܹ۵ķ벻Ȼָ֡˴Ĵָʯֱӱ˵
ɴҲɼǸֱӣʲô˵ʲô
аɣʯӳ㷽ŲûоȫȴѾʹǱܱ˵ţҶĻҡҡͷ
ܹȫƿԲһǻͻŵţֻӾǳȫҲӮ
ʱֻ˰̵Ӵӷ˳ӿҶĻͬʯһ𾪡
ãҽ˵λһŵĴ벻ͷȻɵ֣ˬ˵
ҽҶĻܸ˺Ϊսѡ
֡
ڶԷܹϳԼҶĻҲӦҶĻ˵òѴսǣһ߲ҲѾˣֻҪҶĻأһ߲оӢСӵˣܹϳ
ˣ龪һȻͷɹҶֵָ֣ҲòŵˣߣȥȾơ˵ţʯҶĻļ
һ߲ӾûôĹĶǣÿ˶ҪԼѣԶսѵʵӢСӵ˶⣬˿ҶĻʵѾʯ˵ͬôҶĻǵսѡ
ҶֵܣƿǰʱӺسǱ߻ĺö뷿䣬ʯδһԵĹӵóһƿװΪİ׾ơ
ţӢСסĵطͦģ˵ͨСסĶǿһ˵ӪأǾӢСסȴ׷ÿһ䣬һװ޶Ūˡŷ֮м򵥵װ꣬ҶĻ˵
ʲôãһ߲ӵĹֲǲ֪ҡҡͷžƱε˵ÿСӣÿһ춼ԼȣҪϽһʬ壬Ȼ˵ܹ֮õ޷ȴ۳һ㡣
ͨİСӣÿҲôЩǾӢСӣÿСÿȴͨСӵһ룬ֻˣÿսҪԶǴöࡣ
ҲôЩƾ˵ʵսһڱܹһµĶȣؼһһε񡣡˵ţʯβüͷ
Ǻǡ
ԴˣҶĻҲֻܱ΢Ц
˵ĶҶĻҲ֪ѵʱҶĻ˽
һ߲˶ɵģÿ죬ÿСӶܶӵϽʬ壬Դȡһ޷ɾͻ۳һӢСӵϽ֮һ߲ӵ
ÿҪնɱҲ쳣Ķ࣬˵һ߲ӵˣһͨսʿÿҲҪնɱʮͷԼͬһλޣЩӢСӵȸǴˡ
һ߲Ҳû취ˣ˭ô󺣵ޣʵ̫ˣֱ֮ÿ춼д޳ϰΪ˵ֵЩޣһ߲ҲǲѲ´ġ
ҶֵܣʵǿȴûоǰߵսСӾͻ뿪أǰսͬսú˯һͻ֪ʲôǰߵսˡһںȹеľƣʯҶĻļ
û⣬֮ǰѾ׼˵һ߲ӵսǱߣֱ֮֮ͬĲ쳣޴Һʶʶˡ˵ͷҶĻ϶˵
УڴȥȡͷɷװɱҪȥ΢΢һЦʯվ
漴˱˷ţž账Ǳ߶ȥ


227 ˶
һ߲ǺսĵһӣȻڶ߹ŰȥɱÿһոĽߣԼĸȡҶĻֱӽ뾫ӢСӵţܹȡĸȴҪͨĽ߶һЩ
˿̣ҶĻʯԼվھ账Ĳֿ⵱УһԵĹԱϵϷŶ
þŽ޹Ǽӹ̵һѣǽӵĳ׼սףԿԽĵͨѶһXD3ӪҺʮӪҺٽװһ̽һξλһöŽ޹ӵ֣ÿһǧ
Աе嵥ҶĻǰĶҲԽԽࡣ
ֱҶĻǰĶһСɽʱԱͣ
ˣȡʵֻô࣬ʣµʱ޺ʮѾˣȥܶӵͿԽвѯ
ǰƷ漴Ա㽫е嵥
Ǻǣһ߲ӵĸǲһ㰡ǰĶҶĻЦҡҡͷ
һӣֻǱҶĻֽӴĶȫʧҶĻĿռ䴢ָС
㶫ʲôõҲô󲿷ֶǷĺöԼþȥǱ򣬾ͱXD3ӪҺⶫǶλԾǨµǿߣ˲ָıټһǽǰߣǳԵսҪ㹻XD3ӪҺ֤Լ㣬ɸĶʮXD3ӪҺͲã֮͵ȥþ򡣡
и߶˵սΪıΧɱЩȫҪȥǱþ򣬾ɸʮҲǱˮн
ʮЩף׵ͨ߶ԣһʲСĲƸ̶ֳȣƨ򲻵
һ˵ţһεҡҡͷ
Ҫսϵսֻͨս㵽㹻ľܹõҪġ
ȷʵ˵ţҶĻ˵ͷ
һ߲ӣϾһУ˾ܹܶǱߣ붼Ķ
㵽ķʽҲܼ򵥣񣬲һ߲ӵ񣬻ǽһЩ䱦Ķ۸оˡ
һ߲ӣǱ߼ÿ춼ᷢ񣬵ȴžӢСǰȥȡ˾ͿԻöӦľÿĻȣҲܹ
Ǳ߷Ҳޣ֮ȡǿɸһӢСӣȥɣϾÿӢСÿ¶һαҪִе
˵޷лȡôֻͨ޾սõˡ
ˣֻѡͨսõ
Ҫ㹻ľҲҪͨսȡˡüͷһҶĻ뵽
Ȼ˵ҵлݣֿɫľļƷȴۣ֮ܳĲޣһ߲ҲһıϾŶƤǳۻݣڵõͬʱпܻҴ޾鷳Σգʵ֮ǰݲܳۡ
ҪûָҩҲҪЩĸҩģԱҪսһҪͣսõľԽԽá
ҶĻһҲ
ʱһϤҶĻĶС
ֻԾ账Ĵſ߽˼ˣһҶĻˣХ
ںХȻСӵˡ
һһŮ
ͬҶĻߣХͦã˶Ǳ׼˧Ůǳ˸о׽ټϺХΪ˧һ𣬼ֱĴ
ҶĻأ׳һԳˣһ˰̣óȥͦõġ
ټһǳڻȴΪ˧ҶĻ
ʯǵָǵľȻǱĵһţҶĻǰ˧ʮ˵ǵҲ콻֮һХ
ţȷʵ˵ͷʯηǳ϶˵
мһҲܻ֪ţĸǵܶӣ˱䵽ʮһʮСǱȥˡ
ȻĸüͷһʯҲΪ档
ʶҶĻʵȻҲܹ뵽˵ʵּžȻĸǵܶӣʯβЩȡ
ߡ
ͻȻ׼ʱһɴ̶ȴ˵Ķ
Ϊ̶һһɺУ˲䣬˵Ҳƽ
漴ֻһθߴһͷ׼սУ£Ϊ˧Ӵ˽
߽֮ʱ˱оһɺ⣬ڣҶĻµëʮΣһ㡣
Ž׳ǿߣǾŽ׳ǿߣ˵ʵӦñ绹ҪǿһǼΪľŽ׳ǿߡüͷҶĻضˡ
һ˵Ŀ⣬˴Աǰóһ嵥
иһѣȡ嵥Ա˵
ջˣ̵˶û˵κһ仰ֻĽš
һӺӴȡи뿪˾账
뿪֮ǰȴɨҶĻͺХһۡ
м쳣мĿ⣬ҶĻͺХͬһ㣬һٶȴ˶üͷ
ҶĻһ˿⡣
̱˭üͷХǳˬʵ
ǿǲ˶һ߽ģսǵһţȻڽȴǸʧߡ˵ţХߵ˧ӿҶĻһۣҪûĻòҪʵǿһǽ֮һ̶ʱ䣬ξУ⺫˶ȴǳСۣǣƱΪڽ
У˫΢ҶĻвһ˿ȡ
һ߲һܽʵĵط㲻˲ŻҪΣôֻһ;ϵԼʵֻʵˣβŻ
Уζʲô֪Уε˱ǾŽ׳ǿˣУǾŽ׳ǿߵжΪĴڣУ޳ּˡ
Ҳ˵˶ֻ꣬ӵХ˵ĳ̶ȣڵУǿߣٶȣȷʵ
УӸȫһһ̱Ҿ츳ʲô԰ġмƲƲ죬Хһ˵꣬ҾܳԽʱҪһ١
ңҶĻξЩһҲܱʱҪ޳
ǺǡԴˣҶĻδ˵ʲôֻЦЦҶĻУȴͬһĨ֮ɫ
ҶĻţԼܹʹνһĵһš


228 ʯ
峿͸Ʋ㣬أͬʱսغսߣܶӵھžӢСӵҲѾװ
С׷Ŀ֮УҶĻʯΣš
ʱҶĻҲѾһ߲ӵı׼װ
ɫĹǽӱ׼սŽϽսѥͨѶαװǣ๦ܵеڶ๦һĺϽԼϵξλ£һȫҶĻĴϡ
ȻҶĻǴӲתǹ
ߵʮ֣ɡ˵˵ͷʯ˷š
ţҶĻ
˿̣ʯκҲѾȫװϣʯǱ׼ĽսǿߣһԳ̵ȭס
Ҳǽսͣѽ׳ľսս󣬿ľơ
ʯδ·֮߳˳źϽһֱǰУӴһֱ˴Сʱ
ǵĳ㣬š
һߴｫʮףʵؼΪĴţڴŵһһ߼ʵĸʺϽǽǽͬһߣʮףϮġ
ûֻһߣźЩΧǽþŽ޺ͶλԾǨ޵޹ǣټϽƳɵģһЩλԾǨǿߣҲ޷ڶʱڽЩ飬޴Ժá
ȻЩҲǸ裬ʷ޳嵽龰ҲֻһΰˡָźϽţʯƲ˵
ˣ߰ɣ˴žĵߣȻǾܹսˡ
̤ǰУߵŴʱߴʮ׵ĴűԶѿһպÿһͨС϶
䡭
ո߳ţһıҶĻĶˣվһŴڱϲһ㣬ҶĻĶ˻
ҡҡͷҶĻȥǿ˴˵һ߲ӵս
һȥֻҶĻΪ㵽ǰʮңÿңפЩߣиʽĸ߿ƼͬڽеĳҶĻս
ֶҶĻ߱һܣҶĻһߴʮףǽӵĴڣŵľŴڵдġ
ҶĻΪȵģʮ￪Ķ
ʮ￪ѾǴˣ˿̣нͷҶĻûмޣԺпȥŵһߵĽɱ˹ȥ
䡭
ٶ𣬾ҶĻҵһžڷˣֻһɫڿһɶ䵽ЩȺС
һ˲䣬ȺбһһٶƽҵСͻ𺣡
ݣʲôʱãȺ龹Ȼѡʱ򡭡üͷһεʯֱ˳
ҶĻ⣬ûжλԾǨͷСȺÿ죬غսߵķߣһγ½½Żҵޣ㲻ʲôսҡҡͷ˵
һ󺣵ļǳȺӵȺǵս
ԭһžڵһߵĸ֣вͨˣȥʯʯδ˿̲Щơ
߰ɡ
ʯûлȥǱʺ𣿣üͷһҶĻЩĵʵ
һ߲ӵĴҶĻ֪ģȻҲ֪ʯǸʲôط
Ϊ˶Կޣغս߿ɲǰս߷˺ߣҲռ˲٣Ͼеʵ̫ˣǿߵķߣȻãĵһߣڶൺ졣
һӵжλԾǨ޵޴֣ôռɹĵ죬Ѹɵһߣ޴лǵ߱ƣôֵߵЩˡ
ʯڶൺߵеһΪһߣΣճ̶ȻҲߵģû޴ϮǱҲҪٴ޵ĳ
һĻҪڸսǾӢСӻͨСӣҪӵгĻֻŹȫ
ǰھСҲԼĻ֣һִʱˣҶĻ棬ҶĻȻǹսȴǽս͵ģһھСӾͳ˱׼ĽսСӡ
ݣûлڻ£ûмԸȥս
ûϵҽӵϢǵڰСڻʯǱߣӵ֣á
ϡ
˻֣ʯδҶĻһԵСѸ˷߱Ե
ֶȻûУһɹȥʯﲢ̫ԶǵʵʮҾܸϵ
ţվںߵ˾ֱʯͷŶϷȥ
ţΣա
üͷһոշɹ棬ҶĻоһΣֱԼ

ƿֻһֻгֱ۴СͨΪɫݵֱ࣬ҶĻ˹
˿̣ҶĻ뺣˵ҲʮףȻȴ˲Խʮ׵ľ룬ҶĻǰ
顣
ǹҶĻķӦֵеתǹ˲俪ǹֻͷ̾ͱһ̲⣬ʬ䵽˺С
ߣȻǳѪζǻޡˣʯδһ̱ӿٶȡ
ҶĻСһЩвޣͬҲа˽ܹޣǾڿҲȫ
š
漴˱ٴμӿٶȡ
˽׸ܹ֮죬Ϊ˽ǿǿ֮֮еĵѾȫ˳ͬΧĻ߱һںԣںķһ·ա
еٶͬͨڵϱһ㣬ٶԽĵҲԽࡣ

˼ٷУ̶߷ӵʱ䣬ҶĻ㿴˻ʯ
һȫɺɫʯɵС͵죬һۿȥһɫĽᾧһ㣬쳣
Եϴ˻ԼһڸǵźǹȴƻЩУʹʯȥѪζ
ߵĺڱǱߡ
ߡ
ø߱Զȷ˵ڰСӵλ֮˾ֱ㳯ű˹ȥ
䡭
ոһɻǹĺ㴫ҶĻĶС
ֻڻʯ߽Ǵߵһʯ⣬˿̣һ׳˶Ĵ󺺣һͦ2.5ҵĳͻǹɨԺгޡ
ͦǹתֻǹǱ׼ĳѹԵıA9֮ǿѹа˽µޣǹĺǿֻа˽ϵĽ߲ܹʹá
󺺵ĲԶһӡ
ͬһҲǻ֣еȴǳǱ׼תֻǹһͦһң쳣תֻǹ
ӵĻѹ£һִ׳ںͬһͷŽɱš
㹻ĻѹƣӺ;Ž޵ߣȻûκһֻޣȫҵĻѹ档


229 Ž辫
ֹͬ׳սľŽ޷ǳ֡
˵еСֻаӴСȴԵЩ졣
һͷС㣬վԶȥͷ޾һͷС㣬ڽͲΪˣΪͷС£Ȼ쳣СȣĲһԲƬĳۡ
Ž޸˵ĸоһͷ
ȻҶĻȴʶͷ
辫һʳɳޣһ˾ŽףôսԶͨľŽޣһЩУľŽ׳ǿߣ ڰСӾȻͬ濪ս
ûĻٹӾͻˣ辫ķǿǾˣΰСٶȺͶҲǲף˵Ǽޣ󺺲ǾŽ׳ǿߣֻξԻˡ
üͷһҶĻ˲㽫˸š
ͬҶĻһִĴ󺺣Ѿһ˿⣬Ҿų˫ҲЩȻǲоŽ辫
һʱû㣬벻㻹ôԲ֣͸ڴսŽ辫ҲԼ͸ƨˡˣڿеʯֱӴЦ
쵰ӣȻ˾͸ϽæסλֵܵĻˡݺݵĵʯһۣӲš
û⡣
䡭
Ц֣ʯγˣֵֻ˲䣬һ˫ȭ֮д˳
ţ۷֮ʯεϿӿ
һ˫ȭ׼վںϵ辫˹ȥһ˲䣬ʯλʹǱܱ
һ߲ӵսʽһֱȫԸٶȣҵĹƽֺɱشﵽЧʻ
顣
ʱĳҲ辫һǰһȫ辫·ҪӲһ˵Ĺ
辫ѡӲʯεĹ
һǿҵײ֣ʯһȭ辫ı
Ȼʯεһȭȴֻʹ辫Ƥȥδɶ˺ɼѾǿ˺̶ֳȡ
һֱҶû;Ž׳ǿ߽֣ͷ辫ǿУŽ׳ǿߵޣÿһԲ
֮ɫ֣ҶĻԴӽԲ֮󣬱ҪҸһԴԲͷ辫ʺϡ
ಡ
תһ˲ʹתŵֻҶĻһܣʯθոȭʱѾ辫Ĳ
漴ҶĻ̧һţԾ辫Ĳ
һǾҶĻȻʹ屶;ȵһټҶĻһε֮ʹҶĻһѾͨŽǿ̫ࡣ
顣
ʲôǿķ
üͷһȲӴ辫˲䣬ҶĻоϴǿҷҶĻȲһСȫ辫˻һС辫ϵֻ֮һҡ
ߣȲܷҵҪܷ񷴵ӵϵ
˼ȶҶĻ˫һӣתǹС
飬顣
֨֨֨֨
ǹֵ˲䣬ͷ辫Ҳ˻
һƵи˺һ˲䣬˶üͷ˺֮£ҶĻԼļһ˿ָӵĲ
ʲôǹսڣʮֽУڹʱиǲܳһ˿
һֲٶȣ׼ȷȣƫҶĻʱˡ
ӵٶȫ½࣬Ҹûд辫ֻǲ˹ȥ
ǿ˻Ȼܹ֮뵽УʹҵĹƫɫһ䣬ҶĻ˲о˲
ֻ辫ڴҶĻĹһ˻һ߳ҶĻ˹
ã״̬¸ûû㹻֮޷ֵ˻ˣҶĻȾܣٶȥ

ƿ֣˿Ѿ辫ԣеѳ׼辫㿳˹ȥ
ʯҲ˹һͬ辫˹ȥ
Ľ辫ĽɱУֻҪĽô˺ܹڼ̵ʱڽ
һߺţеĳҵ辫ıϡ
ʯκĹҲˣ˵ȫһ辫ıϣǿУǿߵޣ޷Ӳ˵Ĺ
ǿ£辫徶ֱ˳ȥǲ˻Ҳʧˡ
顭
ǹ
ʱҶĻվںϣеתǹ׼辫һ䡣
̶һӵʱ䣬ҶĻʮ෢ӵԲĿֲ֮ӵ屶£ҶĻǹٶҲüֲ
֡
˿˿Ѫ˳辫䵽˺Уһӹͷ辫˺ۡ
ֵΧ£һӣ辫Ѿˡ
ӰѾѾˣƽʮа˾žͻܣҳȫٶȽ
һϲųٶ˹ȥ
䡭
辫ոҪʱҶĻ˵һֹٶȽˡ
ҵĺһֱʮʧ
ʮ󣬿УǿߵľŽ辫Ȼʬ屻˼ϡ
ͬʱԺӿĴҲȥЩȫ辫£ͷˣȻͣϾЩ޵вûоŽޣ辫ָӣˡ
ˬ죬û湻ʱһ㣬ӾҪˡ
辫ʬ壬ֱЦ
ˣǵھСӵĻֲôλСֵˣλСֵܵʵǿҲǻְҶĻǺ֮ɫ
ҶĻıҲˣ辫ϵ˿ڣ඼ҶĻɵģټҶĻԲףȻҶĻҶĻŵ˺һĲˡ
һ£ǵھСӵˣҶĻ콻ĵһšҶĻʯĴָ˵
ŶҶĻ
Ͼէ֣˿ҶĻ֮ɫ
ոտĻҲ¶֮ɫȻǱҶĻŵˡ
һţЩӢСӵҲһ콻սǶҶĻʵġǻû
ȫƿԲǿߣֻǰ˽ףʵҲԲѷɫǣǵеļ˻Ҫǿһ˿ֻһոһ߲ӵ˶ѡ
ܹڽĳţҶֵ˵ǿġ˰죬ҶĻ˴Ĵָ
һޣǷĵġ


230 
ǺǣҲ̫ˣһǵá˰֣ҶĻЦ˵
ãôãһ߲˻˽ʱ䣬˲֪ж٣ֻҶֵһˣܹڸһʱӵʵ
ҶֵܣҸλֵܡ
˵ţҶĻֵǰ
ָ翸A9Ĵ󺺣Ƚ֣ܵǵڰСӵĵڶּڶս
壬ǵڰСӵĵһ֣һǹսߡ
λá
Ҷֵá
һۣ漴㻥к
ˣûʯʵ
ܸֲûҶĻһǽս͵ǿߡʼʯָҶĻ˵캣һȺڳߣŪǸûǱ߶֣Ҫ񣬾ֻˡ
ִսСӣȻûڵսЩӢСӣÿÿ춼ҪϽͷŽ޵ʬ壬һҲ½ľŽ޻϶һȺСܣûлѹЩȺִսݣҪնɱеľŽޣ˵ķѵʱ仹ͦģһܲ˵
ⲻû취ˣֻճճĹ⣬˭ǵڰС֡
û⡣˵ͷǵڰСߵʵǿûԸ辫ֳǿľŽޣӦÿһ
֣սǿߣ˱辫ҪǿľŽޣҲ⡣
֡
ͻȻ˻׼ʱֻ˵ȫ˾
⹦ܣһ޽ӽһڣôܹ֪
Ȼǰ޲ء
ݣò˰ˣôˡüͷһ壬Ŀ׼Զĺ濴˹ȥ
ͬһҲȫԶĺ档
ֻԶĺһ󷭹һɹɴ˲ͣľ𣬿ȥò׳ۡ
Ȼ˵޳ܳڽԵ޹ʳͲˣȻ֣ټ˶ܹоԶǿѹ
Ȼɡ
Ȼ˸һҶ׼á
𳤹ȱǰȥվ˺ϡ
ҶĻ˸Ͻȥ֣֣ٴμ˻ǹ׼ڻ
࡭
ովã˱㶼óһСƿXD3ӪҺȥ
ŵսÿ˶ʹǱܱĶСΪӭսֻXD3ӪҺָ
⻹ֻСˣеСΪһɼµͬһطսһµʱ䣬м˯ʱҲ̣ȫǿXD3ӪҺָ
ЩСӵĲŽпֲ

һӹ󣬴ѾҶĻߣֻһʮ׸ߵĴ˾ֱҶĻ˵ϡ
֮ҶĻ˵ϲδκˮա
໡
ţһΪƣƹһĺ˵ĶС
ѿһͼΪӴ˵ǰ
ĺܴٶƽ׵ӴΪҲ·ӲǣմҺͷɵľ޴˫ۡ
ˡ
ڿֻ˲䣬˶סˣΪֻϻɢһơ
һɼΪأ˿˿ɣ֮ƣϱԵֻ֪֮ѾԶԶεĲΡ
£ҶĻֻԼĺҪֹͣˣҲһ˲ࡣ
ݣǺ꣬ǲãܡ
ʯ˹漴ֻһα㼱ȥ˿ûҪֻս˼
ʯΣڱʯε֮ҶĻһҲȿֺŻʯڲȥǸϽǹ֧˵
Ǻֻ꿪սûκһ˿ʤ㣬ʮа˾Żᱻ

ֻδܶںϹһǿҵľ磬̶ӵʱ䣬˱ʧ˺ߡ
ҶĻˣֵֻ˲䣬ڸսСӣȫ峷ˣЩսҲͳһ
һӺһѾֻʣ˺һֻޡ
ɢſ˰ߣһȻ˯ˣʼգ궼ûпκһۣΪ˯һ㡣

գҺøղûж֣ǶֵĻǹȫһѶͷϵ亹Щ¡
Ҳ̫ˣںʱȻֻɢһƣں֮󣬲ȫչ¶˳ӲͶˡڵϣʯҲЩµ˵
˿̣˵϶һµɫΪǶʲô
λԾǨޣǼˣǹơŷźϵƣҶĻҡҡͷǰûλԾǨޣ벻һξͼ˺ֳޡ
ɳǿŽޣˮģǷǿ֮һһƽ״СĺǷŭڼ̵ʱڣնɱһոɶλԾǨǿߣͷƽ״Сʵ
ж֮ǸǲãҲûбҪȥҡҡͷ˵޼̳˹ԣ裬ֻҪﲻҲȥˣһκﵨҹôҪȫŭ𡣡
ս;˺Ҫ̳ˣֳǿڣڵһǾ԰ȫģͲõĻᱻռ죬ǴȻǿߡ
磬һطռˣȥս˿ԼƽҶĻʵ
ɡͬҶĻһҲڴȻڻ⺣ѹʯߵ˱ܹͦ࣬ҵǿطҲף˺꣬ǣСҲûطˡ
Ҫȥ촽ʯβȷ˵
üͷһҶĻϾ֣ȻǱʯεĽסˡ
غսڶൺߵеĵ죬Ǳ߿ɲֵľŽޣ϶辫ּģ辫ҪĶ٣ǿԶжУǿߵսأȥ𡭡ˣҶĻʵ
ȥɡƬ̣ڣ˾Ǹɴһ
Сϣ˵ʵھӢСӵУҲȫǶģУǿߵսأԾܹÿ
ϽһͷУŽ޵ʬ壬ԶͨŽ޵ʬ壬ֱǱߴһװսһңһŪһµʬ塣
ôȥȥ
ˣΪʵ
ݣҪܹնɱһͷƷޣ˵ֵܼܷһʺƣôȥ


231 
û⣬λӳȥȻǷ㵽ˡ˵ͷҶĻν˵ұǵһһ߲սȥÿԼʶʶ档
Ҳû⡣
ԣϵĵҩ㹻˵һڣսҲû⡣
û⡣
漴µļȫͬˡ
ȻҶͬˣϵװҲǳȫھͳɡ΢΢һЦվ

һ߲غսߵĵߣһӵжʮСһĵ죬ÿ첻֣һűţԽǿߵĵ죬ԽǴ󣬾ͺñһŵһǾ밶Զĵ죬ͬҲΪΣյĵط
һŵͲսҲսﳣʮλλԾǨľǿĵһߡ
ڵĻʯǱŵʮŵĵ죬Σճ̶ȽΪͨĵ죬ȻͨǶڶྫӢСӶԵģһڻʯӵྫӢСӵ¡
Ǳŵĵ죬ڼΣյĵطܹսģ϶УУУǿߣΪûĴ඼ǳǿľŽޣпȶλԾǨǿߵ޴ڣͨľӢСȥһСıпܻ󺣣
ҲֻҶĻӢСϣ˵ʵǽӽŽ׳ǿߵŶӣŸóȻȥǱ߽ս

һӺֻ˷𣬾ֱ쭶ȥ
ҶĻ˶ʱвСҲһͬ뿪˻ʯЩȴȥȥ졣
ҶСһЩʯ˵ԶԶҲ̫ǵٶȣһСʱܹ·עº棬СıͻȻܳ˵ڿУ
š
Ӧһڷʱע·ĺ档
Ȼ϶̶һӵʱ䣬˱ܵԺеϮȫŹֵĸ߽ޡ
ϾеʵǶ÷ģһӵǧСȺܹüֻ߽ޣ˵ЩʮĴȺˣһЩСڴ󺣵мֱ޾ĸ߽޸ʤ
޾Ļϣ󺣵ȻҲǽҶĻܸ߽޵Ϯ
֪һ߲սô꣬ҲӺ١
һСʱԺǿ˿̣ȴѾϰٴεϮ
죬Ȼô󡣡ͫ΢ԶӴޱȵҶĻ̾
ȻڶൺߵУһ֮ĵ죬ʮʯô󣬵ϵսҲȻʯ֪ҪҶٱͷ˵
߰ɣǵĿĵ
˵ţָԶĸǱߡ
ͼΪӽԲΣȴмεȱڣָıȱڡ
ȫǿսУУУǿ߼սЩܹһУǿߴƽ֣ǵĵʵȴԶѡȱڴȫ
ϾеڹʱΪֱӣԽǿԽţѡ·ڴȱڴսֳǿ޵ļСʺǡ
С
˵ͷ̼ӿٶȣָĵطȥ
ӹ䵽˵ϣֻһΪƽɳ̲ܱߵļʯ֮⣬ûʲôڡ
һ˵ڲķز֮⣬Ҳûǿߴڣʺս
õط˷ز֮⾹Ȼûˡüͷһʯεϲ֡
壬֣ռƸߵ㣬Ҷ׼áһվɳ̲ϵٴó˳ߵֵǽ
ǡ
ҶĻ˵ĳ֣ǲԶĵطһײͽŲ
ǽӵ񣬸ߵЩСǺ󳷵
ǹϾһ߲Ҫ֤ÿ춼ᶪʧÿϳдǿս⣬ڵڲһȦߡ
ȦߵǿߣԼǰǿʱǱѡˣЩǿ߽ֱЩǿߺǰˣǲŻٴλصԭؽзء


һѾפʮ࣬ȴûκһֻ޳֣еģֻǴȻ
˿̣һʯš

һ𣬲ɺģһ󾯱䷢ľ
ޣ׼á
һԵĳ漴󲽿翪ֱվ˺ϡ
ͬʱҶĻҲعУʱ׼ս
վھʯϵ֣֣ҲѾǹڶ׼˲Զĺ档
࡭
˸ովãֻǰĺϱðһݣţˮʼڿ
ȣӦǼΪټϲޡоߵ¶ȣҶĻ̱üͷƲöԸںеϲޣټһ֣ΪѶԸϾϡУҲǿ󡣡
ͬҶĻһ༸˵Ҳ˽֮ɫߵ¶ȣͲϷĺˮõľ
䡭
ͻȻһ汻ƿı漴ֻһֻаƴСź⣬ƺɫƳɵС㣬ԺһԾվǰ
䡭
ֵ˲䣬ֻԺͬʱܳϰһ޶С㣬ЩȫҶĻˡ
˶˲䣬ҶĻֻúٿŸ»Լ˹е¶ȣһ˲ٶҡ
ɼЩСϵ¶жߡ
ǻ㣬СģҪҧЩȫԻ𶾣һҧУʱսԻ½һֻսѸٺˣһֱ˵ͣ
ͬʱҶĻҲ
䡭
ǹĺ𣬾ʱվھʯϷֿǹˣӵȫЩ˹ȥ
һʱ䣬ֻˮĿг𻨣ȥΪ
Ļ£ҶĻ˵ɫȴɣǽضԶĺ档
ˣǾŽ׻֣ѹƣҪκСͻӽǣҸϡ
üͷһһֱźһʱ䷢ԶĺɫӰ漴˸𣬾ֱǵɫӰ˹ȥ
㣿㣿
ɫӰӦ˵ߵĽ塣
˴СϰʮֽӽȴªޱȣһɫƤƤǺɫŧټһ쳣ģͳ̵˫֣ʹȥΪġ
°ȴ쳣ɫƬβ״°ǲ˸ĺ⣬һ䱦һ㡣


232 Ƿ
Ǳ׼Ľ壬⿴°Ļ˲ܶ룬ǹ⿴ϰͨ˹ƻᵱŻ¡
һ𿴵ĻǺܶģȴӰҶĻ˵ս

ȳ嵽ߵֻһеѾͳ׼ͷն˹ȥ

顣
֣ӶʱӦ
̵ұۺᵵһŵ̱صסĳӲʹλʮֽӽŽ׳ǿߵĴڣ޷˿̣ѾʹǱܱ

𣬾ʱʯεȭĳˡ
Լл֮ƣһһϮ˻ңҲʹǱܱ
顭
һ󾢷ģҶĻǹֻҶĻֳ˫ǹԲ˲䳯Żʮǹ
գ˵Ĺϵ˲䣬Ӧһ㣬ֱˡ
һѴĳϣóһѾʮ׿ĵط
˺һֹȻû˵ֺ
Ҫǿ辫ľŽޣиǺ൱ееһƴܹ֮ȥΪеԭ򡣡
ҶĻӵŲλ˼л
˵գսⰻȻٴλų˹ȥ
ͬʱʯҲٶȹȥ
м˵ĺֻǾվż˵Ŀ⣬˲мζ
ǾŽޣһǱ辫ҪǿϲٵľŽޣȻҲӵǻۣĿ롣
ͻȻ˵Ĺʱȴıˡ
ŻǲмȴǾ죬ƷʲôΪһ㣬˿̣ɨҶĻϡ
ҶĻǹڣԶŽ׵ĵвһΣС
ǺǣõУǷܹĹ
һЦҶĻǹڶ׼漴ûκԥ㿪ǹˡ
顭
ʮǹ֣ҶĻʱֻǳŻʮǹ
ҶĻӵӵͬʱԲ屶ǻҲȥӲӡ

һֻԼٶ˲ҶĻͬʱ˵Ĺ
ţǹˣڻλûͣʱԺбٴγһΣС
ǺǣҿӲӵǷӲǵĹһЦҶĻضŻʱ׼Ԥһ
أȻûѡȥӲҶĻӵѡعӲ˵Ĺ
ηתԶŽ׵ʣӲֹͣԼŲת˳ԭ·ء
顭
ǹһ˲䣬ҶĻǹٶʮȫӵֱ㴦ȥ
ͬʱиո׼ٶȹˣ˿̣Ѿٴν˿
ת˿̻תһμתȻǿƻʱһ˲䣬ٶתˣֻӲӼ˵Ĺ
䡭
ͻȻſԼĴ졣
һֻԻУһ΢ɫԼٶȴ˿
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ڿЩʱ̺ˣûκԥԼٶȺ˿
ˣǰǽӴһ˿ơ
ֻ½ǽӴ˲ƣɾڽӴ˲䣬ȴԼٶȼӦ죬Լ˺ӵУҲҪˡ
ĺˮȴ˲㱻ˣֱʮҵĺˮʱ·ϵĻϨ
Ҫͣƺǻѹ׵ľһʩչܽڶʱ½࣬ʱ޷ٴʩչƺǽնɱĴʱ
ϲ֣һ˻ǰһ
ǻ۲ʩչƺҪߣķӦʵ̫ˣûʱܣֻѡӲĹ
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˿˿ɫѪ˳Żĸ䵽˺ϣֻѪ֮ȫ˴ˮɼѪ¶֮ߡ
˿ҶĻȴͳһͣΪһˡ
ڻס˲䣬ֻһһ߲ͳһսУ£ɫ䣬ߴ˧ӣ˻
ʹҶĻͣȫüͷ
˶һսѡεĵһţ˶
˿̣˶ޱվڻֵһϸȫᴩ˻ĸ
ңϻһɼΪĺ⣬ƿĸֻһ˿Ѫ漴㲻ѪˣΪ˿Ѿȫ⣬ܹ˲ˮѪȫסˡ
ƾǵʵҲ죬ǲָ֪ôдĿҶĻˣ˶̰˳
̰γ֮󣬻һվںϣվ˼ΪͦΣ˫֮еɣȴɢȻӡ
˶Уϲδκξ֮ɫǰһƽĶź˶Ҿʮעκ£ǿ˳ɹ۾θߵְͣλСʲô˼
ź˶һʵ˿ɲº˶Ϊһ߲ӵξһкЩѾˣȴԶۿսǿ֤ûбҪº˶
ʲô˼ֻǰһѶѡмһЦ˶̣ѵΪһǿǳɹһ޵֮¡
һҪһ䣬ɲЩνġӢԻ켣ĵطҶĻˣ˶˵ЩӢУһˡ
ɱˣʱҪ鷳ʬ
漴˶ת뿪ͷβûۿҶĻһۣȴ֪˵˭
˶ôÿμһﶼһأź˶ıӰҶĻüͷ壬һǷͨȻҪһݺݵһ١
ߣһԴĻ쵰ҪҲ
ͬҶĻһҲԺ˶ĳּΪϲʯθֱС˳
Ǹ쵰ˣʰսƷɣȻܻ쵰ôҲǽһ鷳ʡǼ֡ʯεļ漴ʰ˴˴εսƷ


233 
˶ĳֻһСӰ˵սսҪȵĴڣ뱻۵Ļֻܲϵȥսɹ̶ȡ
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Ϊŵĵ죬Σճ̶ȻԶǺĵܹ⣬ܵ޳ĴҲǼߣ˸ովãľ

սսһֱս˵ԴӺ˶ߺѾսһڵʱ䡣
֮ҶĻ˵λãѾһȱڴΪǱһͷȴУĳǿŽޡ
˿̣˸ոսһսڵϢš
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Ҳൽˡ
һڵʱ䣬˰ɡŤͷЩɢ˵
ȷʵǸûȥˣٲȥϵ˿ڿ¾ͲðˡվʯһĿЦ
ֻǰһɼǵ˿ڣ˿ǱһͷŽ޻ġ
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ҶĻ⻹ֻСˣ־Եսǵ־Σճ̶ȴֻһ㣬ϾŴǿߣ򲻹ǻܹܣǿԵͶԿ޴Ŀֲ֮ϴִͲҵ˵ҡҡͷȻϴִʱ龰
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죬벻ĸоȻҡҡͷе˯ɢҶĻȡһױ׼սϡ
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ãҵĽָ滹һЩǿŽ޵ʬ壬ȥԤˣһԲһĹĿ
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25죬ͦȻһֻ25֮Ҳ50ЩҩﶼûС
˵ͷҶĻǰĻϰ
ĻϲûʲôνĹѡֻһǰﹺĽߣֻҪԼҪĶȻԶͿˣϣǽܹ뵽ĶﶼУһ붼Ķ
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ļ۸ҪķһҩĵľҪһǧٶ࣬ҵʱҿԱҩҲҪ


234 
һ߲һʵĵط۸ʲôҪŴĻϵϣҶĻε˵
ҵ취һЩˣ⿿ÿȸû㵽پÿľҲֻ㣬Ͻٶʬ壬ҲֻԤѡ
üͷҶĻʼ˼
һ߲ӣÿ֮⣬ְ취Ը㵽
һܶ߷ȡΣɵĻԵõľ˵һɣһٶ취ȴЩ̫Σա
ЩһȡĻǿԵɷӢСӻУǿߣȥִУǾӢСִЩʱҲʮֵΣգڵĵھСӣϸִʱһλ֣ʯӳܵÿ죬Ҳȥ
ֿ˿ѷɫʯӳǿߣһˡ
ڵʵǿǺʯӳҲʤҵʵУȴҪһЩǶȥ񣬹֪ôģϾУǿ߶С
ʵҪִЩұҪԼʵԼΪŽ׳ǿߣֽ׶ҵʵȴˣ޷ٶҳʱ˰˽ѪͲҵʵҲ̫
ͨ޷ͨĵһұ޷ΪŽǿߣ޷Լʵͨȴǽڻָҩ棬ڴľ棬Ҳ˵һ취Ҹ޷ʹá
뵽ҶĻЦҡҡͷڲϲµλãʮֵΡ
ֻõڶ취ˣӵоǿ߳ϧƷԴȡ
ҲգʵǹؼʵӵһУȻֱ޷ۣҾͳܹ۵Ķ
ǰǰһɱǿߣǵĿռ䴢豸ҵУӵиֿ弫޵ҩһʱԼӦսƷЩһòϣÿ
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漴ҶĻ㿪ʼ̽ԼĴָ
ԴӳҶĻһɱ˲ǿߣлдӵܺͲپŽǿߣЩǿߵĶҶĻ˽ָС
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ڶ࣬ҶĻһֱʮŪ꣬ٽ۸񶨺ãҶĻת뿪
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Ȼ˿ҶĻȴ֪ڲǱѾۼǿߣЩǿȫš
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ЩǺöɽ࣬ųαľеɫľ֮һЧﾹȻʮ
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˿̣ЩļˣҶĻȴڷ֮оš
˽֮ѪҪյĸѪҺٶ࣬Ҳܹ߰ٽңֽ׶εʵԣҪ׽ЩѪҺգֻҪҵʱ䡣
ȫƿĺôҵ־ԿԳɽա
вЩĺ࣬ͨƿֶΣҲԼա
ڣһѾĻڵʱ䣬ұܹ˽׵ѪͲɣʱʵȻǿ̫࣬Ҳ̫١
ãµױҪȥִǿԵ֮ǰʵֽ׶εļޣ漸Ӧܹ߲١
¼ҶĻ㾲
ҶĻԤʬǿ߶
Ͼһ߲ʵ̫ΣˣǿԤ㹻ʬ֮󣬶뾡һа취Լʵֻʵܹǿ´
սսһ߲ӵʮֿȴǿʵʥء
Ϊǿߣڼ޵ıµģֻм޵Ļܹǿߡ


235 ޵
ȣԤ㹻ʬ֮󣬰չǿ߶ƴȫȥþһֶԼʵ
峿ҶĻľͰѪʱʯκҲ׼ʼԼ
ҶĻ׼ȥǱߣȥȥ߽ҶĻķ䣬ʯʵ
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ҲԣǱߵУ߼еľ׼ȣҺ˵һõطȫƿо׼Ȱٷְٵı̬˵ûжô˵ţʯε˵ͷ
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ҪȥҪӵ㹻ľһҪϾغսߵĽߣķѴľ

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ҡҡͷҶĻﴩã漴˷ţŲǱ߶ȥ

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޵ܲԷ޴һܹΪ壬ǰʮ𽥽вʳǰ꣬ռ޵鰸ѾܲĻ鵱չۡ
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޵üͷҶĻеĵ
鷳ˣܲȻҪռ˾޴ĵ졭


236 ײı
ȷʵǺ鷳ȻΪΪʲôżĽЦƬ̣ʯٶȵȼһ̡֧
ΣҲŻһ߲Ӹˣռսۣǲܹ֮ôõĺôҲޱȵľ޴Զִͨɱȣȿдʲô
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ٵֻҪܹ󲿶ӳ޵ռܹһԻٵ
ٵȴֻǺôһСֶѡ΢΢һЦʯҡҡͷ
Ҫ֪޵нƽǶλԾǨޣҲʮͷȴУǿߣոɶλԾǨǿߵľŽޣҲҲ٣УУľŽޣǧ
ͨľŽҲΪͨޣָ޶С
Ŵ󲿶ӣܹɴ˴սۣôջʬ壬ԤҲܹ²ȥȣ˵Ļаʱ䡣
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֮⣬ϻһЩ쳣ټޣЩҲǱ
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ֹռ͵սۣȻõĺôܶ࣬Σճ̶ʵ̫ˣϾÿһιռսۣλԾǨǿߡ
ȷôûã¶ҪĿǡ˵ţʯε˵ͷҪġ
ʱҹ11㣬ȥһҲȥˣùײıһ԰װ㡣
ȥȥ˵ţʯοҶĻ
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յֵľҪȥҲգȨЩһЩհɡҡҡͷҶĻʯε

һ·ֱУһ˿龰ȴȫҶĻԤϡ
ˣܶˣϴʱҶĻֻ￴ʮߣȻ˿̣ȴˣЩǿȫŶӣȴʹùϵͳ
ˣҶĻ˸ϽǰȥŶˣΪǵ󣬻н߲ϵĸ
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׷ת޵޵ϵȫѹ棬һԼһʹ֮·
ڣǴȫѹ棬ͷƴͷų֮ڣֻҪûɶλԾǨ޷Ҳܡ
֮취Ȱ˾ȳǵ˺޵ȫѹ棬ȫûĻ˭ҲΡ
ǣнǰµ֮㣬ǿҲֻܹƿһƿ֮󻹻˲仹ԭǡ˵ţҡҡͷ


244 ǽ
޵·Ѿȫ֮֮һ׺ħϵµģʮ֣Ҳ޷׽֮ƣֻʱһȱڣȱάֵʱҲᳬӡһԵĵܶܶӳε˵ǲܲĻҲֻܵȵ֮֮Զȥ
˵ĶǷϻЩȻ֪ʮ˵ʵ죬Ҳܳ״ںħϵµķ֮ǵܹĹʮ֮һ˵
ԻԪ˧Գ֣㳹׻ȥ
漴תֱŻǱ߷˹ȥǽ
ʼգƸû¶κα飬ǰľ޴˿ڶûκӰһ㡣

Ȼ˿̣޵·ȴһƬš
ȿȿȣŵ׷ʲô飬޵Ϊλִ𣬻ǹ޺ô¡ҶĻ˲ǱߵѪ
ʱҶĻȴΪҡ
ϵĻתս𣬵ҶĻߺͱȴ˿˿ѪҲȫ޵ʱմϵĻҳƸովһսƵء
ǿޣһ޺ܹ͸ҵ֮ңȻֻһЩ˴ŵˡ
ڵ
üͷҶĻվʼɨܡ
һʯУȷе˵ҶĻӦһʯɵʯУʯȻǵʱγɵġ
ӣӦǱʱɽѹ档
ȳȥɣ޵ִ𣬶ܲҲ˳ڻǴȥصذȫһЩ
ҡҡͷ漴ҶĻһ˿⡣

δֻܶҶĻŲƣ˲ʯĶˣ漴ȭһȭ㳯ʯ˺˹ȥ
ʯɽҶĻһȭ֮ǿûʹҶĻһȭҲʹ˴Բӵ屶ټҶĻһε֮һȭȥͨŽǿߵȫһҲԶԶ
ȻҶĻһȭ֮£ʯ˵ľʯ˲㱻˲٣ȻţҶĻȴ䵽˵ϡ
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ˣֻҪ޵һжܻȳȥ˵
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ʮȭ֮ҶĻڽʮ׵ʯȫ飬˵ϡ
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Ϊһȥ޾ҰѾΪƽص޵ҲΪ޵ǼŵĻΪһơ
ҶĻƾʯ˲䣬һ쳣ƴ󣬵ȴּ޷֪ƣҶĻԺС
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ȥһ˵ܹҵȥ
վҶĻŻߵ޵漴߾ѻǹ޵ش񱼶ȥ

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ڣǵĵ֮ǴƷ֣ڶսʿȫȳָŵͼ˵
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ϺںħϵʩչУԲε֮Χ޵һѨϷҲǵ°ʮ״ٴһ֮
Ҳ˵ԲΰΧȦм䣬һϣϽ޵ϵľޣǵսʿȫѨ֮С
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245 ħϵʬ
˵ĲЩ֮ϾϺµģӵһ׺ħϵ˵Щ֮ļӲ̶ȣһӵӴ󣬼޾ôҲȻӵм޾Ļָܡ
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ţǡ
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ֻۺɫСڽӴҶĻ֮ʱȻҶĻڣҶĻڣҶĻƤˮֻһ㣬˲˽ȥ

ǡʵ˫ۣҶĻסˡ
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ָҶĻȡƿĴڣþƿǿߣƿһǽԼʶ
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ˣȻҿֻۺɫϡ


246 
ңȻңȻңȻңÿ˶ɵģһڵңǲҵļ壬ֻƿƿٴԲȻĥľͱٴԲľΪ壬ʶµĲȫһأʹԲﵽȫƿľ硣
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üͷҶĻֱڵϣʼĵȴ
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ҶĻȴûżֻﾲĵȴš
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ȵʶѷʱҶĻֻãԼһҲ

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һΣҶĻֱڵأʼҴԲľ磬ƸͲǵԳһ㡣

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ڣҲʱȥˡ
˵ͷ漴Ѿ͸ҶĻʧʶС
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֪ҶĻڱʯ֮ǰһ£ʯеѪɫ֮ȫǵۺɫ⹥˹ȥ
һ㣬ҶĻڽ֮ǰ룬Ͼǿʯģʯȴһɱǣµƣɼݲ޴ڡ
ҶĻˣҶĻʶҲң֮Աɣһ޵ʶУôʯе֮ٶȽɱ
ȻֻҶĻһ룬ҶĻĶˡ


247 ǴԲ
ǿʯе֮˿ѷɫڳϵ֮ǵȿ֮֮£ֻۺɫϱɡ
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ʱҶĻоһż֮⣬ϾҶĻʱֻ֮а˽۷ĳ̶ȣȻܴʯС

ͻȻЩۺɫ˼ƽ⣬⼸ƽڳʱҶĻ̱УԺг˼ΪϤĸо
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ˣҶĻʯȥ˲䣬Ǽƽ⶯ˡ
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ݣ⵽ʲô
һ䣬ҶĻֱر˫ۡ
˿ֻ̣ҶĻĶͷ亹֣Ȼʹൽ˼¡
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ţҶĻ˫ֻۣҶĻǱһ˿΢Ц
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漴ҶĻٶȱ˫ۡ
˷ҶĻ֮Ѿ۷ĳ̶ȣǸǴﵽ˶λԾǨµļޡ
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޵ǿޣǺħϺ쵼ںħϣ޵İȻǺħϺǿҲڤѣ޷еùƺٽǿߵ֡
ڱִ˺ںħϺǶλԾǨĳޣӵпȳ˵ǻۣǻ£˱
Ȼһһ׺ħϵյĹҪһԺͬھ
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һֱֵ֮ӽϵǿѨ֮УɱԱǰࡣ
ֱɱˣħϺһ룬ûͣ޷ٿأֻܲٿһ֣һҪɱǰǿߣֱǳ˵ΣԲŻľ档
ҶĻΪʲôûȥҲܼ򵥣ǿʯǿʯҶĻһħϺٿ֮ҪҶĻȥʱ֮ʯԶ˻ȥʲôΪֲĵһ㣬Ͳȥ޵ϣֻҶĻһ棬ȫ档
ʩչһк󣬺ħϺ㳹׵ˣֻһеȡһյʬ壬һָûκʶǡ
ҶĻҲ˹ʺˣûףЩɢǾѣ׵ıըƿĻҲᷢԱܵҪҶĻʶǺ㵼˺顣
ʯǿ֮֮£ǳױ˱ԴʶһɿԱκգǿǵ
ҶĻΪԲŻǴԲǵУкħϺǰԹԼһμ䡣

˿̣ҶĻλԾǨ
ǣʣκһԲľŽ׽ߣԱ֮ΪŽ׳ǿߣκһԲҲǿλԾǨĴš
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ڣҪȥҵϺһμ䣬Ѩ֮леöܸܲ㵽֡
ʱ仹ܳ㣬ʶеĶֻ˼ӵʱ䣬ͷβҲվһСʱң˶ܲȻǰȣҪܲǰЩ㵽֡
漴ҶĻϵĳֱ㳯ŶѨȥõϺһμҶĻѾȷ·ûκΣա

ҶĻȥʱ޵ΧͣغսܲսսΰΧ޵
սļװϣϰ״ӵĿвӢսʿЩڰװǡ
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죬Լ֮ǲܹװϡٽͷ˵ǲͬͨսӵ£ĳսÿһλλãҪ°װӴأʱ䣬Ѿܿˡ
ѧݲó˿죬ܴߡ


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Ȼ˿̣ҶĻȴվ˵ϣվ˿С
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ЩΪ֮ϺȻ޷ƣȴµģԶڴϺϢ飬ڵǿƾͺһһ㣬𲻵κá
ȻЩ޷˺ҶĻҶĻҲ޷Ʒ㡣
Щ֮Уӵһ׺ħϵĵкλԾǨµǿ߸޷ƣǸոɶλԾǨĳԽߣҪ֮ҲΪףȻѾǴԲˣλԾǨȴһκܳ·Ҫߡεķ㣬ҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц
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ħϺǶμ䵱аĶ٣ǰԹħҺڵء
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ҵõ·ͼȴֻһΣȴһȻԹԷһ±ǵĺá
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һֻһ˽׽ߣŽҲǣΪλὫȫɣѵһĵһŵһĴڣ


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ˣһУǿ߶еתֻǹԶĺħһɨ
ǿȫһӵϣźħȺ˹ȥڶλԾǨջ£û˻ǰĴħϣЩħϵʮֻʵУǿҲһ

ħһַǳֵޣͨȺϺȻ쵼ڶ޵ȴûһ𣬶Ⱥвηһ׵Ž׵޶УħȺȴһ
ħȺ淽ʽʮ֣ϺΪģĺħϣҲһ׺ħϣǵǺϺһģϺǻԷӣϺһҲһϺ߾Ͳͬˡ
κκħϣһϺߣڼ̵ʱڳΪŽޣһǾŽ޵ʮֽӽǿ޵ĴڣԣʱǻĺħϣûһǺǵġ
ڶħϵ£λ֮ͷ˻ǻ˴СʱնɱСħϣ˶Ѩ֮С
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ݣħҺأģһͨʯʲôħҺѵǱƭ˲ɡ
һңϿһңﲻûħҺ
ÿÿӵĵ̣һȥ
ǿ߶ڶѨ֮ĴѰҪҵЩħҺӰȴ˻ǰС
ҶĻҲˣ˵жҶĻȴ¶һ˿мЦ⡣
ǵܶӶλԾǨµ֮һ֮Ȼǿ̶ֳȡмĿǰСһۣҶĻ˵
˶ϵĻþȫԶǰСֻм쳣ǿ󣬻ӵǿ߲ܹǸС
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߸У϶Ȼ˵߸еĴڣҲֻõ߸вľ֮µĻþܹƭǴԲǿߣǵ߸еĻʩչ˲䣬һЩгŽ׵ǿ߱Ӧ
Ҫƭ˶ǿߣþĳ־Ӧòô
˵ҶĻһֱǶڣֻ½½ڣһȥˣȫǴУǿߡ
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ֻҶĻһĿźɫ׳У漴ҶĻ㽫еǸС
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һ󶴣󶴵мȴһյʯڣ͸󶴣˻ܹԶԼλУǿߣǵߣʯףʯ֮д׵ĺɫҺ壬ħҺ
˿ֻ̣ҪɵӣѾôˡ
ݣǼУǿ߾Ȼ˽ħҺ
зݣʱȫˣÿ˶Ӧһݡ
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ħҺջ£˭ܵô࣬ǿĳʯǱ߳˹ȥ
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Ӧþˡվڱ߽ǵʯǰҶĻ˵ͷҵõϺһطħҺһħҺֿܲ⣬һʱŸողħҺĵط
ڶطʯǱߣǱһʯףÿʯױװʱЩħҺŻᱻ䵽ֿܲ⣬ֿܲĴž
ʯڱϺĶλԾǨ˼ǿĻþֻҪ֪ǶλԾǨǿߵĻʯ֮󶼻
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ҶĻ˿ȴüͷҶĻлһ˿֮ɫΪͨľͷһˡ
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üͷһҶĻ˲˼ת䣬òһʯ
ĹЧ죬ֻҪûɶλԾǨӵǿûпҶĻʱҲ޷ҶĻ

ͨľͷһ㲻̫Ҳ̫Сʯʯһʯ̶ʯ̶֮оȻȫǺɫħҺ
ʯ̶ǰ˿ȴվһӡ
ӵĳΪ˧һֺһʣȻʱӵıȴԵЩ
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쵰ΪЩħҺǱò׷žۼôǿǿѨھȻͨ˫ۣʮߵһȭǰķ㡣
ģҲģҵʯ֮Уλ͵ЩħҺڶǰȴ޷ȡ
Ҳġ˫ȭͨ˫֮𽥳һ˿֮ɫ
ҾԲĵģ޷㣬Щ˽أôֵһ׳ԽߵȫһҲ޷⣬ȻԴ㡣
ħҺҾҪõֻеİٷ֮һ
˵ţеķ֮ɫ𽥼أֻתҪȥ˿̵ҶĻȴɴ˫ۡ
ݣӣҪЩ˽ǻˣУһҪֹˣҶĻɱ֣ħҺЩħҺ˵ǿлȡͨľҳϰٴζλԾǨҲû⡣
ֻһͨˣЩöȻҪ̣Բסˡ


252 ħҺĹЧ
˽ɫҶĻתǹ˳
ǴԲҶĻ֮ǰı࣬̾ڵĹѾߵ߱ϾǾѻǹʺս
ӦþǷŵˣҪ̵ʱڽնɱܾԲ͸©ȥͷҶĻɱ֡
䡭
۷֮ҶĻ˲䱬һ˲䣬ҶĻƱһɱӵһ㣬ޱȵ
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ҶĻ֮ʱҲʧȥ˹Ч̱㷢ҶĻĴڡ
ҶĻ֮ӵмǿɱ⣬ڸ֮ܵ󣬶˵γĳ㳯ҶĻ˹ͬʱֻ˻Ȼڷһ˲ѾʹǱܱ
顭
֣˵ĳոջӳҶĻӵֻһԿ֡
˵ıȴҶĻЩȡ
ҶĻʱȥӵжǿԲ屶4.2ٷ֮ʮߣ۷֮ЩȫһУҶĻһǹԿһЩͨУǿߵȫһ
ȻӲҶĻӵ֮еĳȴֻ΢΢ζһ˿ҶĻ˹ȥ
ǿ˾ԲͨУǿߡüͷһҶĻ΢޹ƶչһ˵ĳ
ߣҪɱңȥһеĳתֱҶĻüĶȥ
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죬̫ˣ˵ĳޱȣûӵ赲£˵ĳֻһɲǵĹҶĻǰ
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ǿ΢΢һ㶣ҶĻû뵽ԷϵȻ֮ǿ
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һ֣˸ո׼ʱȴջسһһԣסҶĻԤкĹ

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Ѫֻһϸ΢ѪۣѪѪ۵ġ
ǿһǹȫǾԤеģȴܹĵסһǹڶǹҲܹ룬ӵֻǲƤ˹ȥüͷҶĻԼǹ֮ĽЩ̫⡣
Ȼ˿̣ȴûٶȹҶĻһվԭأҶĻչֵĹԤѾЩ⡣
㵽ҪҶĻ˵ĽŲͣŲţҶĻһ룬ҶĻӵ
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ֻҶĻηɴܣ屶̼˶Էǰ漴̧һǹ˹ȥ
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ҶĻ˵Ҫɱ֣ҲԥˣһеĳӳڵסҶĻӵͬʱҶĻ˹
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ͻȻ˵üһ˿⣬漴ֻŲתҪ첽뿪ҶĻߡ
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ǹҶĻ㾡ȫʮӵֱɫжȥ
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УǿߣֲӵоԤҲһܹɱУǿߡҡҡͷҶĻתǹ
еʱ߿Ƽͦõģ˳ȻûԲŽ׽ߵԲ֮УӦԲ֣ʺǣټĳּǿĽڴʯ԰һżףսʱӵ򱬵Ļò
͵ĶӦóǿߣУҲֻϵȣǿУǿߣʣǣȫԲľŽ׼ǿߣǿʱܹӦġ
ǲʹĻӦͨУĲΡ
λУǿߵ϶ʲôҵ
ҶĻᳵ·Ŀʼѹλֶ֪Уǿߡ
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ţôǸ鿴»еĶҶĻ
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ڵļû꣬ЩҶԸǷõҲXD3ӪҺһЩһУȻֵزεҡҡͷҶĻ˻
ʵҲһ߲ӣǿЯĶ̫࣬Ϊһ߲ҪǾǿ߶ԣһУеĶֻҪûãȫȥֻЯԼõĶ
ˣҲûָɱһܵõٺôĺô˵ţҶĻĿŵ˲Զʯ̶ϡ
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ɶôöȫָأˡ
ҶĻǿ޴ڵʹУֱʯ̶ϡ
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ǽˡ˫ۣҶĻ˰Ѷͷϵ亹˿̣ҶĻüȴһ˿ϲ⡣
Ч˵ţҶĻȭͷ
ϵһħҺϾֻһҩ޷ӵпԲǿߵ
˵ҪﵽԲǳѣһԲôʱңﵽ֮ǰ£ԲǿߵҲͨŽǿߵıҡ
ͺñȷһ㣬ûȴһҪֲԲһζҩԴﵽģħҺİ£ҵֻһѡ
ħҺЧȴǿֻǸˡ


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ħҺĵطڣܹĻ򲨶
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ͺһ㣬ڵǴԲǿߣһִĸоǻ򲨶ߵһҵԲٷħҺĻôʱڣҵĻ򲨶ٴߣʹҳλԾǨĴŸףħҺĵط
˵ţҶĻЦ֡
˵¶мޣħҺ߻򲨶ҲޣֻҪȵҳΪԲľŽ׼ǿߣȻ߻򲨶ħҺĻҾзǳߵļܹɶλԾǨϾǻͻĹţѾ˲ֶλԾǨ
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ͻȻҶĻովʱһɱȴҶĻĶУţֻʯҡȻиս
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˵գҶĻóһһĴָȻóһף㿪ʼѹħҺ
ҶĻٶȼ죬ÿһ붼ܹħҺͽָ֮Уһӵʱ䣬ʯ̶еħҺѾҪˡ
һְӹʯ̶֮ѾÿһҶĻеĴָװһָħҺ
䡭
һʯҡεĸΪˡ
ûʱˣ߳ڣԷ˴սʱȥ»ᱻ˶ϡվʯ̶ײոҪȥҶĻ̱ͣ˽Ų
ڳȥä㣬˽з㵲ţҲһ顭
˵գҶĻóУǿߵĳ׼ǰʯڿʼھ
ҶĻǰʯڴʯ̶֮еĶ࣬ʯ̶֮Уҽŷ㣬ԾվڷԵҲ뿴
ҶĻʱʵǿѲϿ֮еĲˣڶٶȣҲʱҪʮ
˵ҶĻڶ˵ҶĻԼֲǿжݵأڵصǿƿһͨʮֵı
ֱ£̶ӵʱ䣬ҶĻǰ˰ٶס

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֮󣬶̱˳ڶֳͬʱһЩ׼ǿȻ˶ڡ

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ͬһʱ䣬༸λУǿҲ˹ȥ
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ʯ̶ĵײƽҶĻҲܽʯ̶еħҺѹһգһЩݵĵطԾЩħҺЩħҺ㱻Щۼǿ߿ˡ
ҶĻڶĵط˵ä޷ҶĻڳС
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ȻķңҲ޷ƣѵǿǶλԾǨľǿߣ
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ܹƿ㣬һһ̶ħҺ
׷ˣƿһ̶ħҺȫҪŪ֡

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üͷһչھҶĻ̱Ȼڼ߸
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𣬾ҶĻ˲䣬ո׷Ҳƿ˵档
ʱվʯ֮һ֮ͨУֻҡ
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ЦҶĻûϣֱǰȥȻҶĻ˵ʱҲƿıԼ
Դʱģһֻһһ㣬óзߣǼǿߣҶĻʹ˲ǿҶĻҲҶĻʵ

һϷֱһ㳯ҶĻ׷˹

ոӭϵıһɫɫûκԥһűȥ
䡭
ɲǼ䣬ʮɱͬʱֻϽӴɫ˲䣬ɫ㱬ը˿


254 
ҶĻӳĺɫǵеĶһĳףмףףףȵȵȵȣֲͬЧĳһʮš
֪ЩÿһŶܹ԰˽Чɱˣÿһ׵ĹΧҲһһƽ׶һ㡣
˿̣ڵһٶƽڣʮųͬʱըֻһٶƽڲ֣Ư
Сˣ
ʮųױըУǿ߶ԿһЩ谭ڶʱڲڴУǿ߶ԣȴֻܹ赲һǵĽŲѡ
Ǿ֮Ҳһ
ֻϴһһѾ뿪ױըķΧûκһ˿뿪ǸΧ֮ȴͣ˽Ų
ˣҶĻˣһ˲ĹҶĻʧ߷Χ֮ҶĻͲˡ
ʱϸ͸оҶĻĴڣϢӦԼΪͻŵɾҲҶĻټ

ͬʱ𣬾վԭطʱλУǿҲϵˡ
أء
ƿĵ棬һλУǿ̶ʵ
ô֪Ҹո׷ϾͱһѣȻʧˡһƿУǿߣѾЩϴǰڵϲ鿴
ˣ༸ǿҲ̵鿴
˲Ե޹ʵʧҶĻˣ鼱֮Ҳһºۼ˿̣Щǿ鿴ıҶĻʱĺۼ

ʮһλͨĴУǿȷܳǰұߵͨ񱼶ȥ
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ڶǿȫǰ£һͨҲʮʱ䡣
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׷һ̶ħҺǲֵܷġһУǿ˵
Уǿ߻ʱλУǿһۣÿ˶˵ͷ
֡
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༸λУǿǽȫʹǱܱȫһŷ˹ȥ
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һ˲䣬Ϸķһ󶴣ᣬλУ̱ȥʧ˶Ѩ֮С


ǺǺǣ»ҪදһӡϺѨһʯ棬һЦе̽ͷҶĻ
ֻܵƭЩȲֶλԾǨǿߵĴУҲͦġЩУǿȥĵطҶĻЦҡҡͷ
Ҳˡ
漴ҶĻת뿪ͨȥ
ҶĻ뿪ʱ䣬Уǿ߸ϵЩУǿȫУУεġ
ЩУǿѾ׷ȥˡϷλУǿӰһλУǿü˵
ϧˣһ̶ħҺЩУǿ׷ȥҪôħҺƽ֣ҪôħҺ˶̣ûǵķˡ
ߣҲһ⼸Уǿ׷ȥ˾ȥˣ˵Ǳƭˣ˻
ҰɣȥʯǱһң˵Ǳ߻ħҺ
ȵңҲȥ
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СʱҶĻָӣվһʯС
˴εջ൱񣬲ȴһ뿪һ뿪ȵܲ˾ȳȥʱҶȻᱩ¶ֻȴܲ֡
һݵʱ䣬ܲͻῪʼ֣ڻɡ
һҶĻվԭأ

ҶĻõ˶ħҺ˵һǧʮһ˶ħҺκҪɶλԾǨǿ˵ջԾܼλУǿѾжҶĻ뿪˵صף׷ȥڵص׵ڶǿȴԾɱһ˿ҵ̬
ǵõϢǿߣƷ˷һڵصѰţѰϿİСóؽߡ
⼸λУǿߣ޵ĵϷɨţҪҶĻҳ
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ӣ֮޵ϵķͻ᳹ѡ


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漴϶˵㳯Զٱȥȥķ޵롣
ͬһʱ䣬ɲƵλУǿߣҲͬʱ޵뱼ȥ

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ˣƣһ죬ʯӳŲסˣأ컨壬ҶĻ˼š
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Ԫ˧ִһֱܹվҲҵִԣҲһֱսȥ


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һ߲ӵİЧʻûҶĻʧ̶һ֮󣬱пвĹԱҶĻķ֮Уһһ˸ߵıչ񽻸ҶĻ

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ǧ֧ܶ࣬ȴǳ죬ļˣͨһļʸ󡣡

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ѭͣѭҶĻһοʼʽҲһ֪ˣԭһʹġ


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ĸµʱ䣬˵˵Ҳ㲻̫̣Է顣
⽫ĸµʱ䵱Уغսߵܶӣ˼λȵ֮
ХսŵУһΪУĴڣս֮ʱϲ֧͸ʹǱܱ֮Ļָٶǳ˵ʮ˱ڱΪСǿʴԲľŽ׳ǿߡ
񣬵ڶΪУǿߵţΪ쳣ԵСӵУ˽Ϊһ˴֣ϣǴԲǿߡ
ξΪУǿߵĵڶΪУǿߣųܶӵΪĴڣһʮ죬һʮĸСʱаٷ֮ʮŵʱ䶼սһͬȺɱϲУǿ֮⣬Ѳսͷ˶ѣ˹˼ɣ޷սȤǴԲǿߡ
ǽĸܶӵţǵܶӣԼܶӹϵš
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·ϣҶĻʼ鿴е嵥
ҶĻе嵥һ׷ɱ嵥ҪҶĻǰȥسǻɱһսǵˣһӵУʵǿߡ
嵥ϸ˵һԼڳֹеط嵥һ룬룬ҶĻͨѶѯܲϢй˵ϡ
ɿղͷҵ嵥һ㰡ҶĻе嵥˺ˣҵսʱ˵ˣѪ֮ƵǿߣǻͻĹţսǾŽǿߵе󣬾Ƿһ߲ӣҲͨУǿߣĻͻĻΪ¾ߴԲļǿߣҪɱҲѡ
УôôѣǸղŵǸͷӹġҶĻЦҡҡͷ
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ҶĻʱһϢҲڻ֮дˡ
ĻĵһţҶĻֱУΣǰȥУ


258 ɽ
սһ߲غսߣǺͺسǻľӣλںسǵĸͬͬˣҲˣԺسǾز̫Զ
ҶĻ뿪ʱûʹκνͨߣͽнĽСʱ䣬㿴һе
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ǺǣһսǽȴŮȨĳУŮȨģʽУسܹ֧ŵڣ漣ҡҡͷҶĻ̤˳֮С
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ʱһɼΪҵҶĻĶУţҶĻ㿴ǰˣȫ࿪ʼȥ
Զһƥ죬ͷǣƶһƥų߼ٱƥıϣһʮƯսһӢˬ֮ƯŮӡ
һǾŽ׵ĻܹþŽ޵Ůڵķֳ֮еĵλԲ͡üͷһҶĻ˲ϳƥ

ŻŮӣڽӽŵ˲䣬ͻȻһ٣ֻɫĻһŻһ㣬һһ̣Ѿ˳⡣
ҶĻȴû·ֻǾվڻ쭹ȥ˲䣬ëѾҶĻ
ǹŵġŻıӰҶĻ¶һ˿ζЦݣֻ߽׽ߣȴһֺ޼ɵ̬ǡ
ЦЦҶĻһôϲ漴Ƶȥ
֡
ͻȻҶĻͨѶ
ţܲϢ
üͷҶĻͨѶ˳
б䣬ĿѾɽٸɽ
ɽܲոշ͹鱨漴ҶĻֿ˿ԶüһɿٶȲҸոյصķֳǣȴ˲ɽѵһѾ֪һ߲Ӷ׷ɱ
ˣֻʮʱ䣬ȥɽ˵
£Ҳȥ
εҡҡͷҶĻֻת˺صķֳǣֱӷ𣬳Ųɽķֱӷ˹ȥ
ɽһǳĵطԭ򣬱Ϊ
Ǵֵǿޣ֪֮зǱֵģһ쳣ǿĴڡ
ͺñȾŽ׸ŽŽ׵ޣЩӵֵޣСģҲӵУǿߵʵЩֵȴ඼ǶޣҼնɱѨҲ̶
ɽ֮Ϊһͷ޵ĳѨһͷλԾǨޣĳѨȫһɹΪһԲɽҲ͸ųˡ
ɽǳϵһһɽûʲôҲ඼ǵͽޣ߽޶ֻɿܵȥʲôѵȥԲݣ
һ߼ٷţҶĻһ߲ͣ˼
ʮӺҶĻͻȻüͷ
ףǡվڿУҶĻͣ
˿̣ҶĻԶ
ҶĻΣǰĻͨŽǿ߲࣬أȻȲø߱ԶԱȾŽǿҪǿϺüΪͨͨĵһҶĻ˳õ˺ü
ҶĻԶʮΪģӰЩһǾŽǿߣЩλҲҶĻΪȣɽ¡
֣̫߳ˣɽһ򱻳ΪĵأǰȥģǺسǵĵͽ׽ߣ߽׽߶̫ȥǱߣ⡭
Ѳɺɿйأ
ȥһ
üͷһҶĻηɴܣȫŲɽǱ߿쭶ȥ
̶һӵʱ䣬ҶĻ˲ɽ£ҶĻ䵽ϣȫıˡ
1.7ףҲЩŹ֣ϵξ±ȡϻһסϵһ߲սҶĻòԼϢ
ż¶Ǽ˿޷Ƶľ⣬ҶĻͨûʲô
̤ҶĻֱһһԵľŽǿǰ
λ̨Ҷܳǵˣ֪ɽ׷˺£ôۼ˶ľŽǿߡŽǿߣҶĻһ΢Ц˵
ҶüͷһŽǿ߱˴ţЩˬڸܵҶĻ޵Ϣ;Ž׵ʺȴû¶ʲô֮ɫ
ܳǵˣԴǵʵ
ܳǵˣոմǱ߻ͿǶۼɽһǻ֮أȴۼôŽǿߣЩ档ҶĻͷ˵̨֪͸¶£ǲ㣬Ǿˡ
ʲôģɽߵ飬ңķֳǵ˿¶֪Ҽ֪ҲûãͨľŽǿߣֻɵۡεҡҡͷһν
֪ɽΪȫһģĳѨǾŽ׸λԾǨ֮ޡ
ǰ죬ʱϰ֮ȴһֵޣŽ׸һһѪľŽ׸
ʲôѪľŽ׸˵Ļո£ҶĻбһ֮ɫң֮ɫУһ˿Բ̰
ѪľŽ׸νֵޣΪǿȻǴѪ࣬һ쳣ϡУֳ֮ʱҵͬ࣬Գ˵һ֮⣬޺ٻִѪ࣬ǰѪɽģǴѪľŽ׸
ЩǰȻģɽķֳô߲ͲһͷǿҾŽ׸ǱֻҪǶλԾǨľǿߣǸ˶ᶯġ


259 Ѫ
Ž״Ѫ촽ҶĻ˸Ÿ޷ص˷Ŀ⡣
ԴˣλŽǿҲ⣬ϾѪɲͨĸͨʵҲ൱һͨУѪͬѪǴУǿҲһܹ¡
֪У۷ߴԲļǿߣΪУǿߣУǿָ޳֣Ѿ˲ֶλԾǨܵĳǿߡ
߸С
Ž׵ĴѪǿҲûɶλԾǨǾŽޣûնλԾǨı£ڸʵ̫ǿˣǴѪԴУǿҲһܹ¡
ȫԼٶȣͷӲƴУǿߡ
ȴ쳣ϡУƽʮ֮УһǴѪģκѪϢ᲻ЩȣҶĻ޷Ƶı飬ȴŽǿ
Ž״ѪͷҶĻʮ˷ܵȭͷ
ҵѪøѪҺģȻ˾Ž׵ѪҲֻСԲˣԲһ߼Ĳ࣬ҲԶ
ѪĴԲҲֵΣͨĴԲǰĴԲԲ֮󣬿ӲУǿߣͨУǿߵĹȻΪԲȴͬһΪĴԲôұӲУ۷ǿߵĹǴУǿߵĹ
ѪĴԲѣҪõĸ֮࣬ԭɴ˴У֮󣬱һЩܲһŸڡ
Ѫ˴Ѫ࣬ͨͲѪһ򶼼ϡУ󣬶޷˹ܲǱߣҲûдѪ
նɱѪõ࣬һҪõֻ࣬еõ࣬ҲܹΪĸ֮壬ĴԲʱǴУǿҲ塣
ȭͷҶĻеռʮǿʢ
ҶĻȴȥѹԼռֻҪʵʺϣûд˵ĵߣôҶĻὫԼеռ޷Ŵ󣬽Լ
Ž׵ĴѪȻǿ󣬶һǱӦ޷λԾǨǿߣسҲɼŽ׳ǿߣϴľŽǿնɱϾϵĶҲͶԶλԾǨµǿ߹ãھǿߣѪֻղؼֵ
ֻҪ⣬ҵʵƴһѵĻӦкܴļܹŪ֡
λ̨òҪָһɡʱŽǿߵĻҶĻ
˵һǵķֳûɳλԾǨǿߣҲɳŽ׳ǿߣЩͨľŽǿǲУҲܹõ߲һЩѣҪЩŽ׳ǿߵжһ⣬ˡ
ǺǣôܡЦҡҡͷҶĻʮģ˵
ˣλ̨һλսǱߵĺҲ˲ɽǸƫһͷ̷һ̵꺺ӣ֪ûС
ʱҶĻʵģȻѪ֮Ƶɿ
ϴ̵꺺ӣüͷ˼Ƭ̣ûɽҲСˣûϴ̵ˡ
ûˡ˰֣ҶĻν˵
ȻʱҶĻУȴЩǡ
ܲҶĻϢǣɿڲɽɽһľŽǿȴûҲɽоŽ״ѪڣƱػǿߡ
˵أ£ɿȴкܴĿܻᱩ¶ɿҲǱִȻҶĻɻ
ˣʱ仹磬һʮʱ䣬ܲϢҲֻ˵ڲɽûľλãҲ˵ܲҲ֪ʲôط
ȰѴѪ˵ϾѪ󣬵ɿȴеʱȥѰҡ
˵գҶĻһԵľʯϣʼȴ
ҶĻĵȴʱɽɽһɽ֮УȴһӹĶ
ӵĳ׶ƫһͷ磬Ӵһ˰̣ҶĻҪɱɿ
˿̣ɿͬҶĻһԭصȴš
Ҳ֪ܲŪ֣ΪⶫҿһɱŽǿߣΪսǵ׷ɱͬҰһ㣬ĴӴܡ
ȣֻܵȣһСʱ֮󣬱ÿһΣΪ˥ʱһСʱ֮ұԽС
ֻҪܹõĶԴֱ뻪Ĵأǰȥǽǣʱһ߲ӵ֮ͨܣҲ޷һɱ
ţɿüͷɽǰȴسǾˣ˵ѾǻɱˣѱϢᴫȥ
ϣҶˣӦò⡣

ģһѵ飬һƽôÿ˶֣ᷢʱŵĺܿ졣
һգ۵Ĺ򣬱ȥʮӡ
䡣
֮ҶĻԾʱһɾǿ֮ԶϮ֮ɽһ㣬ȸԼױȵı
֮ʱһ̣м֮˵Ժ֮С
ֻԶмӰ߼ٸǼ쳣ǿ֮ϴġ
ʮĹ⼸˱˵ǰ
һˣŮС
Ůӵĳ඼ϵȣټ֮ǿʣʹÿ˿ȥŮ
Ǳ׼׳С
سǣŮȨĳУŽ׳ǿߣÿ˶ǴԲĴڣȴĸŮӡޱ飬ҶĻûпǼˡ
ûԪ˧ǵǿʵǵ͵һĺã̫ߵǻҵġ
Ǽô磬˷ͷ¶Ҫƽһ㣬ͷǳˣҲҵʱǲע⣬ȡ߸ࡣ
ҶĻѾ⼸ͷľŽ׳ǿˡ
ģʱ˰ɡͷգƺƻɽһӵʵ
ӦòˡһŮӵͷ˵ͷÿ춼糿˵ҳȥʳһʮ룬ˡ
𡭡
ͻȻŮӻ֮ʣһĺ
ɺлŭԼֻʳ˵Żеơ
ŭģȻһ쳣ǿѾԽ۷֮һɳ޾Ұ֮
˳ķ˶Ŀ˹ȥ
ʮ׵ƸӲȺϽһɫƤ棬ȴֱ˫Σһۿȥͬ˵ķһ޶ǾŽ׵ĴѪ
ֵ޻϶ǶߣعǿڶŽǿߵĳ֣ȫŭ
ѪǴѪŸûһ˿ɫƤҶĻоǾϲ֮ɫ


260 
ߣǲ֪ΪѪǶԶһ㣬ܶֱ꣬ܵѰ·ſݵĴѪһνϰ˵
ϻ˵Ƚˡ
ƺƻɽһѾһѴ󸫣漴˵󸫱㳯ſеĴѪն˹ȥ
ɽһĴԲ֮ӵϱŷһ˲䣬еĴ󸫺ƱһȵǣֱֱĳŴѪ˹ȥ
𡭡
ܹ˶Ĥŭٶ𣬼ӵֱӳԼѾȼŭĴѪһɫβֱ˦˹ȥ
죬ʵ̫ˣڸֵ˲䣬˶û뵽ٶȾȻ֮졣
ֻһ˲䣬ɫĴִβ˦ӵǰֻü󸫺ǰֵ
䡭
ֻѪβ˦ӵξֱԶԶط˳ȥ
ˣǻ۲͵ĴѪȻϰݣɫܶҪ׷ȥ

һ𣬾Ѫո׼ʱֻһ֣һֳŮѾĲ
漴ŮûκԥǱܱԲֵ֮һ˲ʩչ쾡£ȫ˽ϣһŸ˹ȥ

һڿлص
̽ȥˣȴֻ̽ȥ˶ʮ֮һұֻͣѪһ˿۵˰̣Ѫǳʮ׵˰ԺԲơ
𡭡
˰̵ĴСԺԲƣѪȴŹҴŮӡ
һŭǰĴѪֹסΣ漴ǿз˺ʯ˶צֱŮӶȥ
ΧȫΧ
ŮӵķӦҲһת֮յĶ˴ѪĹ
ŮӵĻ£༸Ž׳ǿҲȫϵˣЩԭվ·ľŽ׽ߣҲض֣ȫͷŽ׸񹥶ȥ
ҶĻҲװģóתǹŴѪʼȻҶĻչֳˮ׼ֻͨŽǿߵˮ׼
ȣڻ֣ܳѪǷٶȣ쳣ľˣҲʮǿֻеȵЩ˽նɱ֮Ҳܳ֡
ʱǳ֣Ҫ֮ƣ˲佫Ѫߣκ
һӻˮҶĻװģĿʼϹѪ
ѪٶȣѾ˳˵֪ٶ֮죬һУǿǲ۾Ҳ޷Ĺ·ߣףУǿߵȫһɵ˺ԺԲơ
˲ֶλԾǨܵĴУǿߣҲһô֣ʾ˵ĴѪȻôֵĶ֡
̶ӵʱ䣬Ѫ±˴ССʮ˿ڡ
˿ڿǸˡ
˿ڣһŽ׳ǿϹɵ˿ڣһ׶࣬ɼǡ
һβŽ׳ǿߵϹʹøβѣ׳βֻЩɫƤβ
ձڡ
ЦһۿѪѾڶ漴ƺƻɽһֱϡ
˿̣ѪѾڶ϶˿У޷㣬еĿд󸫣ֱӿ˴Ѫľ޴˿֮С
ۡ
һҵĴȫ˳˿˸ڣֻɺɫѪƲҪǮһ硣
һ˲䣬ڶΧڸܵĸ֣㱻ѪȾ˺ɫ
һ󣬴ѪҲˣһ漴Կֱֱȥ
һѾȫĴ󲿷ࡣ
ˣڶǿ¶һ˿Ц⣬漴Ҳ䵽˵ϡ
벻ѪʾȻ˱̬䵽ϣ󸫵ǰĸԴˣη䡣
Ȼǹƽ䡭΢΢һЦһѾѪȾƯŮ˵
ƽ䣬ǺǡЦҡҡͷ漴ӵ˳Ÿľ޴˿ڣ˽ȥ
Ѱʲôһ㣬ӵڴѪĸͣĽš
֮¶һ˿΢Ц漴ұ۷ǿнֱ۴Ӹڰ˳
һŽԲֻӵУһֻȭͷСɫԲŽԲȥûκֻ֮һһ㣬ڼŽԲ˲䣬ȴ¶̰ɫ
Ѫࡣ
ļֵǶӦ֪߾еԲӻ˵ֵǮıⶫ
µʬ壬ȥҲֻļֵ£Ըûƽ䣬ҪƽĻֻܽжȻǮ
Ρ
˵ţӱ㿪ʼɨλŽ׳ǿߡ
ͬʱڶͨľŽǿҲΪ̰Ķࡣ
λŽ׳ǿڣǸͲҶᣬ¶⡣
ûƽ䣿ڣǵȻ޷ƽˡ촽ҶĻͷ¶һ˿Ц

𣬾ǼŽ׳ǿ׼ӦʱҶĻˡ
ֻҶĻһܣһ˲þȫʬǰ漴ȷԾȵķʽһ˸ʬϡ
һֻ̣ʬһһ㣬ֱֱĳԶȥ
ҶĻ˲䣬ǼλŽ׳ǿȻҲ˲ԣȴ˲ҶĻˣ˶Ÿʬ׷˹ȥֻʣøվԭء
ȴӲ붯Ҫ˲䣬һɼǿҵΣдͷ
á
ոոоûüӦӱоһͷĿѣԼͷػһ㡣
ţһɷǳֵĸоԺ֮С
顭
ǹ𣬲һɲǵĹŸ֣һѪ೯ŵȥ
ʮ֮һ룬̶ʮ֮һʱ䣬ӱָ˹
ͬʱǼǰȥ׷ϸʬľŽ׳ǿҲӦ˹
ˣʱѾʧֻһӰԶ񱼶ȥ
һֻһ˲䣬ǰǰõʱ䣬ֻһ࣬Ĺ
ӡ
󸫣ΨһһҶĻϮӣ˵㳯ҶĻֱֱ׷˹ȥ
ɶ¸ࡣ
СˣȻǺسǵĶ
༸Ž׳ǿߣȫԼٶȣҶĻ׷ȥ
Ȼ⼸Žǿȴεķһ飬ҶĻת̤ɽþʯܿǵ֮ҶĻȻʧˡ
Ϣ֮ȫʧˣƴ˼һ㡣


261 Ϣ
쵰
һ޸ӣֱһǰǿҶĻʧľʯϡ
ֻǿʯƶһ㣬˲㱻룬ʯ֮ȴһƨûУ˵ҶĻӰˡ
˿̣⼸λǴԲľŽ׳ǿߣȫԼѰҶĻ
ûУûУ֮̽ķʽȫʩչ˳ɸûãҶĻһ㡣
ô죬౻˶ˣѵǾôˡüͷһŮǰ˵
ߡһŮһ벻Ž׳ǿߣȻĿ֮±һСˣˣصļһֱΪֻһͨľŽǿߣűٶʵԲѷɫǵеκһй֮޲
ڻô죬Ǿ˵˭֪ϢѾȫʧˣѲǾ׵㣿ִŮ˵
Ȼܾˡִ󸫵ǰѵˣʲôӣ
죿üͷһһ̱¶ϲ⣬֪ˣǲɽӣһ˶λԾǨǿߣûκ˸ҼڲɽʱɽϵڶҲ
ɽص׵Ļÿ궼һΣǻӡ˵ͷһŮ¶Ц⡣
ǻ֮ӵмǿҵĶԣһŨһ̶ȣ˶λԾǨǿ⣬ǾŽ׳ǿҲӲٹһǻ֮ʱֻҪڲɽĸӲɽΧһһˡ
˾Իӳ
лڣҾͲһֱڲɽϡ˵ţ󸫵һЦҾûл𶾣ҲŻɽǸ˵ױƳ

ͬڶŽ׳ǿһҶĻû߶Զǲڲɽ֮С
ҶĻʱλþҲ̫ԶͲھֻһǧҵһɽС
Ǹ㵽ˡǺһĸ࣬ҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц
ⱦڻܷãֻлȥ֮ҩܷãһ೹գôҵͻתΪ͵ĸ֮壬Ӳ߽ԲļǿߵĹǴУǿߵĹʱҵʵȻһδȵ
λԾǨҪڶλԾǨ֮ǰþһֶԼʵ
ԾǨ֮ʵǿԾǨ֮ǰǿкܴĹϵͺñЩ峹׿޵ͨһ
ڳΪ֮ǰĿȲߣԳΪ֮ʱһ׶Щ忪޵ͨ˲һһͻƣһλԾǨôҲǶף׽ߣλԾǨҲһ
λԾǨеʱҲƾɣϾһЩڳΪ߲߽֮׽߶ǵˣĪ˶λԾǨɶλԾǨ֮ʵǳտʼҲܺͨУǿߴƽ֣ͨŽ׽ƾ˶λԾǨʵҲǿȥͨĴУǿ޼
߶ҪģҪԼʵﵽ߽Բļ޾磬ȻøֱޣҪڶλԾǨ֮ǰԼ޳Ҫǿľ磬ʱһɶλԾǨҲн׳Խߣпһ嵽߽׳Խߵĳ̶ȡ
ѪԲֻǵһ
ȭͷ漴ҶĻ㽫ս˴ָ֮С
ڻ뿪˵ɡ
˵ͷҶĻٴҪ뿪
ţǡ
ͻȻһ쳣ֵĸоҶĻͷ
ǴεĻбŷһϢһ㣬ϢͲҶĻĿƣֱ⿪ʼ
Ϣȴֻзǳ΢һ˿ȴҶĻѾԲǿ֮嵽ҶĻ⡣
⣬Ȼˡ亹ҶĻ˲뵽ô¡
갷ɣǸҶĻУҶĻϰòǿڣһλͻľŽ׹ţû갷ɵĲҶĻܻܲڶһδ֪
Ȼ갷ڸҶĻеʱȴϢֲͬ뵽ҶĻڣϢֻҶĻ갷ɵλʱŻð
һУҶĻԺû갷ɵĳˣҶĻѾ¸ˡ
ˣȻ˵Ҳ갷ɵľʵҲһУǿߣܹ޲ߣǰȥ͵ľĶȻǴУǿߣһǼΪĴУǿߣǿΪλԵ޹ʵĳ
УһҪϢɢȥһȵ˸ϵһ֣ƱػɽǼŽ׳ǿߣʱҹƻᱻɱ
뵽ҶĻϽڵأʼǹֵϢ
ǹϢҶĻееĵطֵģصļټϢܵҶĻƿľ磬Ҳֻ΢΢һ˿ѡ
Ȼܹ֣ôҶĻܹƿأϾƿѾƿԼڵһˣȻҲĪϢ
ʮ֮ҶĻ˫ۡ
ҺãҺãϢ쳣΢ص̫Ҵﵽƿľ磬˵갷˵һֻɶλԾǨܹȥ
갷ɹҲû뵽ҾȻܹﵽȫƿľ硣
˵ţҶĻһΣһ쳣΢޷İɫҶĻУǹ갷ֲ뵽ҶĻڵϢ
ϢڿУ̼䣬ȫɢˡ
ڣȲɣܹӦ˵ĴڣλǿҲȻܹӦңڻǶֵʱ򡣡
üͷһҶĻ̱ɽڲȻȥ
ҶĻ֮󲻵һӣȴ߽ɽ֮С
վһ𿰳ĵνϸߵӴ1.8ңȴӣ»Ʋӣ
һӵֻ1.7ңҲͦɾ⿴ĻǸˣ˵ȴЩ˾ȡ
Ĺ񣬺Ƥͷһ㣬κ˿ƶΪܹڣûб紵ߡ
˶ǾŽǿߣҴ¶ҲǴԲľŽ׳ǿߣΪ
֣ﵽʲô㾹Ȼżĸüͷνϸߵʵ
ûʲôղֻǸоһֻϢѡ΢΢һЦݣƤͷҡҡͷ
ˣָָʯڲӵǿʵԣûκϢòǲþ˰ɡ
þҲɡüͷһٴЦЦ
ߣ𶾾ͿҪˡ漴ӱת뿪
ȵңôôְ


262 
ȥˣȥ֮ǰȴĶŶһһöָֻ׸ǴСĽ顣
顭
֮һ쳣΢ı漴ֻһۿɼĲǿԼٶɢ̶һʱ䣬ɢѨ
Ѿ˶ѨҵĻӣóһƴС
֣Ȼûˣʲôûг֣Ӳüͷ
㵽׷˭ȻֵʹǮĶˣһӵӸϽʵ
һֻ󡣡üͷҡҡͷֻǳ֮ǿһһֿϢϢ弼
˵갷ɣüͷһӵǿ̱㾪˳
ܰɣһѾþûس鷳ˣôԵ޹ʵܵɽ֪ɽָܵôɰɡ
ҲϣôɡӽǼһսȻôʵѲҷȴоһ˿Ϣһ˿ǳ΢Ϣ
ԡҡҡͷһ˵갷ǽԸӦòʧ󣬶Ȼ˵ΣյĵطȫĵطǼһһһԶǧﱩ¶ϢҲӦѾ뿪ˡ
˵ĲԷһСһĺáüͷӼǰȥ
߰ɣֻҪһȥô갷ҲûʲôΪܹȥһȥûа취أʱҲÿԽʰˡ

λһǿ뿪֮ҶĻҲ뿪Ǹɽ
ֻɽĶˣһֻһͨСҶĻո˳С˳ȥ
գ˾ȻʹһάɨѰңҵĶѾں˴룬ƻпܻᱩ¶ĨĨͷϵ亹ҶĻЩµ˵
ЩְԵ޹ʲô˵ţҶĻüͷ
ˣҲҵ£֮Ҫ뿪
ҡҡͷҶĻ׼뿪
ͻȻһ쳣̱ǵζȴܽҶĻı֮С
ǡüͷҶĻסԼıӡ
жоȻжס֮ҶĻ̱㷢˲ԣоȻж
˿̣ҶĻоԼ¶Ƥһ쳣΢ĴʹУǱʴĸо
ѵڲɽ᣿ԣⲻᣬ⵽ʲô
ˣ뿪˵
һҶĻٶȳɽ¿ʼȥ
䡭
ͻȻֻһ쳣̶ıԲɽĵص
ţһɺɫԵص׿ӿ
Ǵһطӿ˳ǴӲɽгѷĵطӿ
ƺһ㣬ޱȵ׳ۡ
룬ʱ䣬ҶĻûзӦʱɽѾױɫǡ
ݣ⵽ʲô
űӣҶĻµ֮ȫۼ⣬γ˷֡
Ϊںɫֵ˲䣬ҶĻȻоһ쳣ʹĴʹУһ˲䣬ֻһ˲䣬ҶĻƤΪ˺ɫ
ˣһ˲䣬ҶĻµƤѾˡ
֪ҶĻѪŽСԲǿߣһǧȵĸҲԽҶĻˣȻɺɫһ˲ҶĻ
ҶĻ壬ҶĻϵսҲһ˲䱨˴룬һ鲼
Ȼɺɫ£ɽȴûгκˡ
ãɺɫȻܸʴҵ֮üͷһҶĻһεɴ˫ۡ
뿪һҪٶ뿪ָʴٶȣҴԲֻ֮ܳӡ
Ų΢ʹԲҶĻٶŲɽ⿪ʼȥ
ס
ͣˣոնҶĻͣ
ҶĻѾǰˣ㣬һŴXD3ӪҺܣҶĻû¾;ʹԼ۲ܣİĵطǻһֱʹá
ڷţҶĻȻ͸ھԼֻһҵһɽ֮Уһ
ӵòҶĻȴĺɫǳѾ˲ɲĵز
ǼŽ׳ǿ˵ţҵʵȻܹǿȥҲ⣬һ˵
˼תҶĻ̸ı䷽ɽֱӳ˹ȥ
һףҶĻԣֻһѡ
һҶĻɽ֮У漴ڶڴͣ
ͬʱҶĻҲʹ˲ȫԼϢԣɽ˲ûзҶĻĴڣֻǸоҶĻһŵ֮
һҽɽ֮УɫȻһ˲ͱ΢ɲˡоϲ֮ɫɽڵҶĻʮֺһеô¡
˿̣ҶĻǰ벽룬ĺɫɽڲĺɫȴ΢ɲ飬ǲʹ֮ҶĻҲûʲôӰ죬ɽһεķ㣬ɫסһ㡣

ҶĻɽʱȴʹվڲɽܵŽ׳ǿһ󲻽⡣
ô£ǹ֮Ǹ˵ģΪλͻȻʧ󸫵ǿüǰѾȫɫĲɽ
ȣҾͲɽ֮еĻ𶾰Եޱȣ֮ҲԸʴǴԲǿߣҲӣֻжλԾǨ֮ʣܹЩ𶾣ҾͲ˵һֱȥӼվڿУ·һһ
ͬһλŽ׳ǿҲǳɻ󣬲˶ûжǼɽһһҪҵҶĻټ
λŽ׳ǿɻʱɽҲɻ
֣ʱȻڲɽҷǹ֮ʮǿѾ۷ĲΣȻǵзţǴԲܹ֮ӵе֮֮ȴһţô¡üͷӲͣ˼š
ȥɽڿһ
漴ӱվɽ˹ȥ
ҶĻȻȴһֱڼӵһһ˸һҶĻҲվ
ȻɽˣҲãһﵽǺηʥһЦΪԷһҶĻתǹ˳
˸ǰУһߣһŶߣŲ쳣΢ٶȺǻ
ʮ֮󣬾һսǣˡ
սǴһҶĻȿ˶Էݣڿ֮ҶĻȴסˡ
΢׺ݵĳ࣬ƫһͷ̷ټϲӴɼһ˰̣ҶĻ˴УĻɱĿ꣬սӷɿ


263 
̤Ьٴȫѹ
ҶĻû뵽ԼһҪɱĿ꣬ȻԶɿҶĻһʱ֮
ȻɿҲҶĻһ
ҶĻ˭콻ĻĵһţΪսǿߵɿôܻ᲻ʶҶĻڿҶĻ˲䣬㽫ҶĻ˳
ɿȴҶĻĳ֣ҶĻʵһǴԲʵ
תۼ䣬ɿе֮ɫתΪɱ⡣
ҶĻһ߲ӵˡ

ûκԥֻɿ˫һֳצϮҶĻֳҶĻüĶȥֱҶĻĿڡ
ͬʱԲ֮Ҳɿ˳һ쳣䣬һ֮˲鲼ɽ
顭
ǹҶĻȻվɿɱͬһʱ̣ҶĻҲɱ⣬漴ͬʱˡ
Բɱ֮ɿ֮ɽҶĻ֮ȴɿҪǿһ˿
ͬΪǴԲǿߣɿֻŽ׽ߵĵУҶĻȴӵгԽŽ׵ĵУȻҶĻ֮Ѿ۷ĲΡ
硣
𻨷ɽҶĻǹʱɿȻ漣ŤתԼΣһתҶĻӵʹҶĻһǹʯϡ
ûҶĻҲֱˣɿ˾롣
˿̣ʮףŶԷ
ȻӲͷɿҶĻüͷֻһ˲Ľ֣һʵȴ쳣ǴԲŵٶȣԼӦһӦҲԲˣȻҲӵôٶȺͷӦټΪͻŵȫû취
ҶĻڴɿɿҲڽҶĻɿȴԵЩɵ
ΪϵѪۣȻ˵þȫܿҶĻӵӵǲ˹ȥһѪۡ
ɼҶĻڷų֮ʱչֵʵԱҪǿһ
ɿҺҰǹڶ׼ɿҶĻЦ֣յϢ˵ںصķֳǣյϢڲɽΪ㣬ҴԶˡ
ߡɿĿҶĻһ߲ҲûˣȻëûĻƿС׷ɱӡ

ĿҶĻɿֶˡ
һΣɿȴһɺɫذףµȻʹǱܱ
ΪҶĻɵģȴɿͻȻֵһζ
һֻ֮󣬲ŻֵѪζζֵ˲䣬ҶĻ֣ԷϢһ˲䣬Ȼǿһҡ
һȼղѪҺڶʱڽʵһһܹǱܱӡüͷһҶĻ̱ɿϵѪζӺζˡ
ʾһＫΪ˶ʱֻгһʱǰʱŻʹԼڵΪԺΪ
飬Ȼзǳż顣
һӦþҵԭ򡣡
վԭأҶĻ΢΢һЦ漴ֱֱĶɿȴûκζûдȥɿеذס
죬쳣Ŀ죬ɿʹǱܱ֮󣬱УʵܹԼʵٴηһһ˲䣬ʵ߽Բļǿߡ
ֻһɺɫذױѾҶĻǰ

ͻȻذ׼ҶĻʱɿȴ˳ĶͷϣԭʹǱܱ͹Ǽѵһ˲䣬Ժгһ쳣ʹĸоһ㡣
ţɿ۷֮Ȼ˲䱻֮һҡ
ͨڣɱͬɱ
¶һ˿ЦһԾҶĻκˣɿٶȴ󽵵һ
ѹ
ಡ
ǣҶĻĬһɺܹɱһеǣҶĻбֱɿȥҶĻɱǡ
ֻǣֻ֮Ϊǡ
ҶĻ˫֮ŷǣȴѳҶĻļޣǣޣ۷ǼޣҶĻ˫֮ŷǣȴ۷1.5
ٶɼǿѳ߼޵ڽӴɿ֮ɿѾ֮һҵ֮ٶȵɿԺеʹָʱ֮Ѿֻʣһ룬һ֮ȫĪˡ
ʱɿֻ֮εĳ̶ȡ
Сӵʹʲô
֮󽵣Ҳʹʵ󽵣оԼ֮Īʧô࣬ɿ˲㾪亹ҶĻ˫ۣǳ˾֮ɫ
Էֶ֮ѳ˳˵ɿΪ߶ʮͲ˵ֶΡ
ɿֶμֱͬ졣
Ҳɡ΢΢һЦҶĻ˵ȻΪҾҵ֮¡

ҶĻδֱܶɿȥ
漴һųɿ߳
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顭
һҶĻһֱ߶ɿıǣţֻɿξֱɳȥǶʯڵС
ɿһ΢ЦţҶĻһǰǹɿüġ
սԭûʲôѹǰʱ޹նɱŽǿߣ֣ҷһ߲غսܲɱ
㲻ɱɴ˫ۣɿû뵽ԼȻôܣ̱Ҫ
顭
ˣҶĻһ򶼲ԥˣûɿ˵ҶĻѾ۶˰ȫһ֮£һ̣ɿüıһȫᴩѪס
Ŀ˿ɿ촽΢ϻһ˿֮ɫȻΪҶĻɱ
ܲһûвһɱˡмĿɿһۣ漴ҶĻתǹ
ͨЧ̬ͦģͬ˵һһͨŻ˫ۣΪý飬עԷԺУֶνԷѹʹöԷ֮˲
ͨһȴֻǳɣֻ0.5ǴԲǿߣҲֻܹԷ֮һ롣ǵһԲӵ3ôҲԽǴԲǿߵȫѹʹöԷ֮ʧܹӰ˵ǣʹöԷսʱһʵʹڣͨľŽǿߣһȥ䳹ʧȥ˼룬Ժֻҵɱ
ҲֲͨųƿԶȻ


264 
ͨĵһ۷壬ӵǾҲһ֮ǿߣȫľڶԷԺ޾Ļþͨ޾þĥһε˼룬Լһ˵ıԡ
۴ʦıǾ֮һȻͽ˶λԾǨȴΪľǿҲȻˣͨЧ
ͨҵȴû˶Ȼ֮Чֻѹֵ֮Ļֱӽֱɰ׳Ҳ˵ȻǾԲܵġ
ЩѾˣǳɵͨκξŽ׳ǿʱԽԷԲ֮ϵնɱԷ
һЦҶĻļϵĳ
ҿɿļҵΣһɲһ߲ӵˣӦһЩֵǮĶŶԡ
˵ţҶĻץɿʬ壬
ռ䴢豸ϵĸڴ·еļв㣬ÿܹضĵطҶĻһ顣
ĽȴҶĻЩʧ
ռ䴢ָɿһĿռ䴢ָУһ߲ǿߵĴָûʲôҲһЩXD3ӪҺӦҩָ״̬ҩоһЩӰˣԿ弫޵С
֮öռ䴢ָУûпҶĻʹõĶ
ݣһռ䴢ָҶĻһ䣬ôҲһ۸˵ôûһҵأ
ͷ漴ҶĻֽĿ׼еһţƤֽ
ţƤֽҶĻɿ¿ڴѳġ
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ԣƵĵôеأ
üͷҶĻʼϸϸĹ۲ţƤֽϵĵͼ
ʮ֮ҶĻһ˿⡣
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УŵͼΨһһкߵĵطô£Ȼɽ
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ɽ֮㲻ֻ̫һսǣսǣʮңܹɽľͷ
֣˺ɫɽǱ߻ҪһЩ⣬ʲôûСüͷһҶĻǰʯڲЩ⡣
ŵͼɿ¿ڴûзڽָ֮УȻʱҪãӦòǷŶԡ
һ
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顭
һŽǰĴʯ߿ֻڴʯ·ԾǿһҶĻȴû֣ͣóһѳ׼ʯ֮µĵ濪ʼھ
ҶĻھٶȼ죬ʱڳһĿӡ
һףףףڳĿ֮ҶĻͣ
ˡ
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ҶĻĳĿ̱֮㴫һ죬ţһĻ
һҶĻµĵƿֻһһףг˺ɫ֪ͨĶҶĻǰ
֣ⶴǳҵȻͷг˺ɫɫŨȱ滹ҪߣյͼϵıעɿΪľͷкöȥףɫĶҶĻҡҡͷ
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ڶеĺɫ½ʱɽеĻܶȴһһ
ʱڲɽŽ׳ǿߣȴǿҪˡ
˵Ǹ˵ֳ֮ˣһһ֮ͱΪʲôȴһʧˣ󸫵Ѿˡ
쵰쵰ҾͲ˵һӴڲɽϣɽĻܶȻûеＫޣٹһСʱɽϻ𶾵ܶȻﵽڵһңܶȵĻ𶾻һһҹʱ䣬ʱҿܳŶá
ֻҪֻ֣Ҫ֣ұؽʬΣҪܾĥ
󸫵ڷйԼŭ𣬵ҶĻȴ֪ҶĻʱضǰ
ֻ֮еĺɫۿɼٶȼ½š
֮еĺɫʧҶĻҲһ£ڴѾɫռˣŻֻһɫĶڣʱѾ˺ɫ
ЩɫŶӡ
Ӧû⡣ŶӵĺɫҶĻüͷɿΪ쳣ɽѾԤ˽ˣȴЩɫʱɼžԵģڵĺɫҲܹȫʧ
ȣҾȣǳ⣬ұٶȳȥҵٶȣЩɫûа취ڶʱҪҵ
˶ҶĻڵأʼĵȴ
һӣӣӡ
ʱţ֮еĺɫʧɽ֮еĺɫȴ࣬ȵһСʱ֮󣬺ɫѾӵҶĻǰ
ʱҶĻȴ¶һ˿ϲ⡣
Ȼɫոӵҵֹ߱ͣˣɽǾ԰ȫ򡣡΢΢һЦҶĻվڲȥ
ԾһףʱҶĻȴֺɫѾȫʧˡ
ܾȥСһĺá
һת漴һƴСĽҶĻУţҶĻȥ
ҶĻһʾǡ
ʾǺͽ׵ģ΢̽
Ž򲻶½ҶĻеʾǽĻ档
ʯڣʯڣʯڣ֮⣬ʲôûУɫҲûУֱ½һǧʱʾϵĻų˸ı䡣
һص׶Ѩһ쳣㣬ҽһߵĵص׶ѨڵѨ֮󣬲һӵʱ㱨ˡ
Ϊɫص׶ѨиûжٺɫΪ¡
ɫŨȺλ޼ԺԲƣ˼ʮ룬¶ȴڰ˰ٶң̽ûʲôΣա
ȥɽİأӦþˡ
΢΢һЦҶĻʾǡ
ȥһ˵ʲô
漴ҶĻһԾ㳯֮ȥҶĻȥʱȴ֪ڲɽ⼸طм˲ͬ
ҶĻڣ˵Ŀ궼һص׶Ѩ


265 
¶֮⣬ûʲô
һ߼½ţҶĻһ߸һУһκ֣ôҶĻٶȳȥסҪģȻ˶λԾǨҲûκ塣
顭
һӺҶĻ䵽˵ϡ
γɵĺۼǴȻĵص׶Ѩ
˿ҶĻλǻ̽⵽ĵص׶Ѩ
ҶĻվλãһʵأҶĻ࣬޾ҽҶĻǰһ϶֪ͨδ··һۿͷ
¶ǰ˰ʮңɫŨҲҷλòܹ࣬һ㡣
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΢΢һЦ漴ҶĻ˳϶·ʼǰȥ
ص׶ѨķΧܴҶĻǰٶȻ㲻̫죬ҲһֱǰһǧңҶĻûп·ľͷһ޾֮·һ㡣
̤̤̤
ͻȻһŲҶĻĶС
ȻˡüͷһҶĻ̱ɴ˫ۡ
ˣҴɿϵõŵͼֻǲɽĲͼֻһ֣Ҳ˵ȻͼЩͼӦҲעĵص㣬ҲͲˡ
ȸȥһ˵ջ񡣡
˽ɫҶĻ㳯ŽŲķ˹ȥ
ʮȣԽһǽҶĻ㿴һˡ
һɫսϳĺ룬һ˶תɢǹȻǴԲľǿߡ
˿̣ǰȥ
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ͻȻֻüͷһγתɢǹָࡣ
˺˲䣬ҶĻµëתǹУ̼ս׼˽ǹڶ׼ʱҶĻȴġ
˵Ҳ࣬ûб¶
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һ𣬰һŮӴһʯں󻺻˳
Ůڳֵ˲䣬ҶĻһѪĳ嶯ΪŮӵʵ̫¶ˣ˵ϳ㱻ɫСƬס֮⣬ֻʣһϮ͸ĳɫɴټŮǻ𱬵ĺͰ۵ΪҶĻЩûаѳס
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ݣһüͷҶĻһ䡣
ߣˮޣ벻ҲõһݲͼһսδۿԷӦǴһͨġ
ս磬ɽĲͼһݣͨСң»ҲŪԼĳˮʮ欵˵ս磬ʱǰҺǿ߻в٣СƵҶΡ
˵ţˮ޻վ˸ۡ
ߡ
һսδԷǾֱǰȥ
ˣˮ޸Ͻ׷ȥ
˵һ̸ȴҶĻܴĳ
ҺﾹȻӵҺ˿ڿˮҶĻֱӴסˡ
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266 
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Ϊ֮Ҳ۷ˮ׼ѳ˽ߵļޡ
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ֻͨΪɫͬҽһɫ˫Ҳһ֫Уβͬʨźܴβһ˵̵ĳβ
ֻ޵ϣɢһ쳣ǿҽһ֮ǹԶŽ׼޵֮
˿̰ҶĻڵˣȴĿ⼯ֻ޵ͷ
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ǣҺҺдģҺЩҺ壬սһ˳


267 Χ
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ҲżҵҪЩһܲ׾ʲôʱ򡣡
ҶĻֻǾش˿ûҪֵĴ㡣

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ųǹĻӶֻҲˣֻĬȻֱӽ޴ҽ֮˦˳ǿֱѹסޱǿ֮ʹ޸Ͳܷ

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죬ѣսˮޣȫֱ֣ӳ޹˹ȥǿеϱŷ
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ڶǿһֹֻֻʣͷͷϵĶǻڣȴûκһ˵ҷɡ
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һı죬޵ͷȫը˿
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˶ûȥǿźɫԲ򣬶ǽ͸ɫĶǣеҺ˶Ҫõ

𣬾ڰҶĻڵ׼֮ʣֻһ󾢷漴ֻǱշ
ãȻһԡ
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ΪʼգһֱûжҶĻԥ
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ɶ⵽ô¡üͷҶĻ˿Ǳߣٿ˿ߡ
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ˣȿһһӣһսЩڣҺ˸Ͳӵ
üͷҶĻٴζŻߡ
ǺǺǣ治ӵ֮ƵˣȻˡЦ˵˼ά쳣ܣҺǿߣӦ˰ɡ
˵ͷĬޱվҿɲΪҺΪߵ㶼ûߣҺȻ
ŶüͷһٴЦЦ
ȻԶҶĻȴɴ˫ۡ
ҺʲôüͷҶĻЩˣֻ͸ɫеҺ壬ϼҺһ޶ѵ滹ʲôɡ
ǲҺĻҺ˵ţҶĻĿǿźɫϣѵ

žžžž
Ȼ벻ҾĲ߻ôã㡣һ֣һЦ˵Һܺ棬ҵ
ܶࡣŲ½ŲĬһ˵ȣݼãһۿʱ̰ɫԵúܼ٣ΣǺźɫʱȻڶŶǣȴɨźɫ塣
У޵һ㣬˵пʶ㣬пڵõͼʱ򣬱ˣҲڳʱݼѾˡ
ʵ벻֮⣬ĸλԾǨµǿߣܹڻ𶾱鲼ɽʱƳݵͼҲֻλں֮ǰѾõ˵߸кͶλԾǨʣӻ𶾵ǿߣܹɶλԾǨ֮ǰֵز
ȻһһЩطףϾҾٴҲƶϳľЩѾˣֵҶһѡ
벻ȻôࡣĴָһ֮ɫ
ǸɵӴڻȫûã㲻ǿ͸ҲߵݣһһλͨͲǿߣҪҵľ֣湻ģһˡ
УɻӦô϶֮вҺɣסֻһ֮УֻнʵģȥĽѾ֣ͬͷϵĶǴһ֣ҪɱԶԶ
ľں֪ҵǰȡҺƾʵ𣿡˵ţһζĿŷĬûжȥϵĺɫ塣


269 ڶʳ
ѵĴѴĵ˶֪ǻͻĹţںϵǿߣҲ˵ڻɱֻʱûгȫŲԶˣҶĻʼı
ѵ˼ĬʵۣĬַǳƾһЩ˿ƻ˻ѵļƻӦʲôƲŶԡ
ɽۻͨħҺһټľԤУǶ˵߸еĴУǿҲԲ·硣
ȿ˵
شԭأҶĻԾûκγֵĴ㡣

εõҺüͷһĬ̧еĳǹֿնɱ׳ԽߵĴڣȻҪһˡ

𣬶ˣ䣬Ĭ㶯ˣֻ˫ֳǹǹ׼ϵĺɫ˹ȥ
ߣԡһ¶һ˿Ц漴˫趯˫˲޻ֱӳŷĬĳǹץ˹ȥ
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ηɴܣĬµƬƽٶȳһڿʼ񱼡
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ߣ˱ɱһ˵
ͷȶһܣ㳯ҶĻܵķ׷˹ȥ
ĬʶҶĻȴͻȻܳİˣȻɱİˣʧ

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ʱ䣬ҶĻȸֶԣѾܹӳȥԶľˣڱܵеҶĻȴüͷ
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һϷţҶĻһ߲Ϲʯڣʹʯ鲻ͣ׹ȥԼѵٶȡ


270 
ɽ˿һźɫУǲɽĻ𶾡
ڲɽϲ࣬ȴһĺϷ
Ĭӣִתɢǹս賤ű¶ĶˮޣԺصķֳǵľŽ׳ǿߡ
ǿ߷ΪĹڲһֻǡ
١УΪںϵǿߣλԾǨΪλҪǰҺܹӣսһ˵
١У۲λԾǨ¿ûм˸Һа壬ֻǾͨѣս㲻ǵκһ˵Ķ֣Ȱ㻹ǽҺɣˮҲһ֮ǰģ֮ɫ
վһŽ׳ǿȻû˵ǵѾ˵һУǣǾҪϧһдۡ
ҺκζλԾǨµǿ˵ջ
λ١еǿߣȴû˵ʲôֻöǣվڿУûκα飬˿Щʲô
䡭
ͻȻһ쳣ȴּ˿˿ɱĴԲ֮Բɽϱ˳ҶĻɱ֮
֮˲䣬Ž׳ǿ뽫Ŀ׼˲ɽоǳ֮ɫȴûж
˿̣ҺҶĻеĴѪ࣬ҪҪһ򱶡
Ȼû˷Ӧ֮ˣɴԲ֮
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ˣöǵӶ˵̱㽫˳ȥ漴ŷĬǱ߱㿪ʼ塣
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ŶǱӳսһۣȫǰȥǣûκһҶĻͻߡ
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ԼǱѹ֮˵ı
漴ֻڻѵһ˿ɫ
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Իóһɫҩ裬ҩ裬Ѳ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫ
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΢΢һЦ漴ֻҶĻ˫еתǹ׼ѱһ䣬̼䣬ʹȥʮӵ
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Ѿ˵߸еĴУǿҶĻʱҲֻһ취
㿪ٶԶԶض㿪ΪҶĻľԤ֮£ûйһٶȣСΧ֮ڸ޷ܡ
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ѹҸоѵǳΣգȻǶλԾǨǿ߲Żеɴ˫ۣҶĻû뵽ѾȻȱ
ѵԲͨǷǳ߼һ֣ıͬͨıûʲô𣬵ȴǾλԾǨǿߣ֮ϴʮ
λԾǨǿ֮ϴҪԶͨĹʱϴʱԽϴߵʵԽǿôҲԽ󣬾ͺñԪ˧Ĵһ㣬Ԫ˧Ϊһǿߣ֮˫Ĵ󵶸Ǳϴϰꡣ
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ֻеԶŹһ㣬޾ɱ⣬ֱҶĻĲӴȥ
գڻѻӶ󵶵˲䣬ҶĻȻԤĶǰһ
ܣСӵĵг˾Ž׵ĳ̶ȣҲԤҵĹҿ˵߸еǿߣ˵ĵг˾ŽףǾŽ׵ʮҲûá
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£λӵ޷˵ҶĻ
һ׷һ֮£һֱ˴Сʱ
Сʱ֮ҶĻѾԼԼ˺صķֳǸʵĳǽ
㣬㣬ٿһ㡭ԶǸʵĳǽҶĻƴһĳǱ߼ٱȥ
ɶ񡭡
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紵ڳſԾĿ£ֻҶĻһǰ壬˲˺صķֳǣ漴վڳڣٱˡ
ĺҺҶĻվڳڲϴŴ
գûˣҩЧոչȥٳһӵĻҾ͵
̧ͷ漴ҶĻĿ׼վڳĻѡ
ɫ󵶣ɫڵܵγī֭˫ĿһƬͨ죬ɢɱǴʱѵ״̬
վڳ⣬ֻһĿżƣҶĻͲҶ֡
ţҶĻնɱĻôΪسǵɿسǾ׷ɱѴʱȻȴ᷸Ĵ


271 ̬
ãܺáضҶĻһ벻Ȼ֮ǿӳһŷ趼޷ɱ
úûţҼסˣҪ
˵ţѵѵõ¶һ˿Ц⣬һ˿쳣̣޾ɱЦ⡣
һıѾͷȴʲôûõҶĻͷĬƽ֣ȥһ۵ķ裬˿̵Ļӵ˶ǵʵȻ᲻˺سǵҶĻڴ˻ɱ
ţúõĻȥ
ҧ漴ѱ߽˳ţûҶĻһۣųڶȥ
ǲϲ˫֣ȴ顣
ȿȿȣİɣҶǿվţҶĻ¶һ˿Ц㳯һԵľƵ˹ȥ
ʼգſڵ˶עŻѺҶĻˣڻǿУûκһ˸ǰѯʣһֱȵѺҶĻߺΧ˲Ÿҿʼۡ
ûп۰ɣղСӾȻڶλԾǨµǿߣѵӹһ٣
ҲΪԼˣǺسǹϵǿУնɱλԾǨľǿߣѾɶλԾǨĴڼʱҲҵղǸСӵ˭Ȼҵѣڵ֮󣬻ڻѵӹһ١
֪е찡Һʲôط
Ҳôãʲôط
ˣˣҶĻղСӾȻǱ߽ĻĵһţҶĻСӾҶĻҲϴġ
԰ɣҶĻӦսǵһ߲ӣҲӵôǿʵҪڻѵӹһ٣ҲþŽ׼ǿ߲ſԣҶĻǻĵһţڳҲһУǿߡ
ղ˾ҶĻҵļԺܺãģھȥһ顣
ųſڵ˿ʼۣʮӵʱ䣬صķֳǵн߶顣
ѣҶĻһǺسǵǿУһǱĻĵһţ˾Ȼ˳ԹǴͱըš

ϢʼʱҶĻȴĵھƵķ֮С
ȿȿȡؿڣҶĻ˼£治ǽҩɾȻ֮ǿ
ҵѾ˾ŽףСԲѪҵȴȫڳѪ
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ǷĬƻǹģͷβ׼ӦһֶΣڶҺ֮ǰڲ䳯߿һۣӦǷҵĴڡ
ڶȡҺ֮ʱԽ˽ȥҲ֣֧׵糤ǹҲ޷ѻѵ׷
Ǻļƣͷβ˿õһж
ˣԺٽΪ̫ˡ
ˣҺΪλĶͷҶĻԼᵽĶ
һתֻһмҶĻУǿźɫ֮м
ԭΪ֮ڲӦҺŶԣɺȻʵ壬֮Щм
Һ
üͷҶĻһмʼ۲
ɫƲһĹ⻬ӳ˵ӰӣȴԶȲҪӲö࣬ʱױǿ˵УǿߵĹ̶ֳȵĹȴֻǽ飬ûнɷĩɼЩɫмȻһ㡣
ۿȥûκ֮ӲȱȲ̫࣬о¶ȴٶң֮һԡ
˵ͷҶĻͷųԼ֮ʼӴɫм
䡭
ͻȻڽӴм˲䣬һ쳣ȣܹһеƳҶĻԺ֮С
ǿҶĻüͷֻͬϵ֮񣬲ȴֻȸС
֡
֮̽Ļȸ֮⣬Ҳûʲôس֮ѲǷҪǷĻǿˡ
üͷҶĻһֿЦõĸоŪĶȻ֪ǲҺпװƷ
ˣغսܲϿ⣬ξȨޣӦܲϿ⵱ҵⶫϡ
漴ҶĻԼͨѶ㿪ʼܲϿ⡣
غսܲϿ⵱а漸ϺͽйصһжȻҲҶĻеЩɫм
СʱҶĻҵ˺ɫѵľϡ
֮ҶĻֱɴ˫ۣЩ˷ܵ
ݣ⡭ĻϵϣҶĻһʱ֮Щסˡ
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ҺﾹȻй̬
ͷҶĻʵЩԼõǹ̬Һ
ϵ˵̬ҺҪǧȵĸмȣڻΪҺ̬ҺܹãһָװСĹ̬Һڻ֮󣬱ܹõһСƱҺ̬Һֱʻ㣬ЩҪǹ̬Һôڻܹ֮õ󱭣
һֻҪһҺ˵Ļ˵
еĺɫмҶĻ˿ڿˮ
Уڻ¶ۣҪһԲ֪˵ţҶĻվȥһѱ˳һЩϺ֢Ķҩ

صķֳǣλӰƵͳ׷
˿̣һڷ֮ⲽԵúǽǡ
һҪ취ŴĳУѵ
ǰӾɶλԾǨֻһ߸кͲֶλԾǨǿߵʣѾ򣬵ȴΪǼʹʹʧ˫ۣΪںϵĽߡ
ҲͬЩͨںϽߣһɶλԾǨϣ
һںϣô޵ĻԶλԾǨ谭ͨںϽ֮޷ɶλԾǨΪˣҪͨʮλԾǨǳ˵Σûпܡ
ҲͬҴѾ˶λԾǨĴţֻʣһһȴҪɣһ̤һôҵܣΪ࣬ɶλԾǨӵ޵Ŀܡ
ûҲҪûһĹ̬ҺȭͷѵǷ֮ɫԿ̤һ
ҵǰ;ҵһͿһˣ޷õЩ̬ҺұҪϲµĹһӡ
˭Ҳ赲ң
ҶĻĬ


272 ع
صķֳǲ̫󣬺սǵǼ޼ҶĻȥһˣСʱˣһ˻ָƵҩѱ
챣ӣһҪɹ
ССѱҶĻʮֽŵĽӴ򿪣漴ŽȥһСм
֡
ѱһ˸е¶ȿʼߡ
ʮȣʮȣʮȣʮȡ
ʱţе¶ԽԽߣʮ֮󣬼е¶ѾһǧŰٶȡ
ȻһǧŰٶȵĸ£ǿмȴԾûгκθı䣬ҶĻһż
֡
ͻȻڼ¶ȸߴǧʱһԼд˳
ҶĻǾϲĿ⣬мڿʼڻˡ
ҶĻŽȥмֻаָ׸ǴСֻмǧȵĸ£ڻţһ˿˿ɫҺ岻ϳڼС
ҺҺҺЩεεĽɫҺ壬ҶĻֱ˳
ҺҾȻõ˹̬Һ
ȭͷҶĻ˿̵νּ
λԾǨԭڵɶλԾǨЩҺȫûбҪˡ
ҪģڶλԾǨ֮ǰþһֶԼʵҽʵּȻѻҪǿʱȻħҺҺȻܹһֱɶλԾǨ֮Ҳһн׳ԽߣпǸ߽׳Խߡ
ǰ·ѾֻҪһֱȥͿˡ
ڣƣϵƺֱ֮ӻػأøࡣ
΢΢һЦҶĻһԵĶҩʼԼϵơ
ҶĻϵʱҲھصȴš
ߣĵһţҶĻɳϣѲϰе򣬡Ѿ˶סصķֳǵгڣֻҪ㵨ҳǣڡ
һӶȻҪȡĹ
ѴʱѾ֪ҶĻݣҶĻһ߲ӵĵλȴǸҶ֣Ϊսǵеˡ
սǵˣһ߲ڲ⣬û˸Ҷһ߲ӵ˶֣һһ߲Сʿָսǣĵ
Ϊسǵǿߣȫû˵ĵطҶĻɱֻҪսò֤ݣôǱ޷ôԻ˿ҶĻһ߲ξݡ

һ߲ز̼ҩĸ÷ǳǿҩЧȥ֮ҶĻ˲ᣬսҲڶʱֻʣһҡ
죬ҩķʱ䣬ҶĻŽϵƳκá
ֽҩԺޱҪǾԲܳˣҩЧһ˲˵ʵҲվҶĻԼļ
ʱ䣬Ҳʱػˡ
¶һ˿΢Ц漴ҶĻҡڵ߳˷š
ҶĻδǰȥ˷ֱ߳Ƶ꣬ųſڶȥ
ʱҶĻΪϤҲϲ
һϢȫֻ1.7ףϱһѳżǳԵ˰̡
ҶĻʹƿǿиıԼò
صķֳȻ㲻̫󣬵ҲС˿ڽǧ򣬽߸нǻҪңҲ˶ססľƵĸţӣ˵ҵЩˣҵǰҲϳҡ
һ·ֱУҶĻ߳˳š
ѣȰɡ
ۺصķֳǵľ޴ţ漴ҶĻת󲽳Żصķ˹ȥһ𲽣ȫ񱼡

Сʱ֮󣬻ѵķ֮С
ҶĻʱ䣬㶼û뿪һҿ̵ʲôʱ򡣡վڴߣѾؿ¥µķ羰
֡
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ţѵҶĻˣͨѶϵǻɳȥˡ
ϰ壬ÿСʱ̽һҶĻķ䣬ղ̽ʱҶĻˡ
ˣüͷһѵгһɲĸоȥϸ̽һΣؽƵеط̽һ顣
漴ͨѶ׼ϵŵˡ
ոͨѶȴͣţѾֱһƨɳϣ
ƿҾȻСƿǿߡ㶵ɳϣѲ¶һ˿Цȫƿǿ߶ԣݸ׾ٵ飬˵ǸıݣҲԸı䡣
군ˣСӿӳ˵ķֳǡ
ҡҡͷѵͷ֮󣬻̧ͷȴ˶񶾵ɫ
СӣݣõҺҲҪ㸶㹻Ĵۡ
˵ţͨѶ㿪ʼϵˡ
ʱҶĻȫСʱ֮Ѿصһ߲ӵĻ֮С

һ߲ӣǻˡһ߲ӻصĴţҶĻȻһ˿еĸо
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ҶĻδЩ˾Ŀ⣬ֱ߽˰칫֮С
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273 Բ
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ݣûŹȥҡҡͷҶĻѪ˵ĹȻûôѪĻʹΪǿңΪôѪʱŲȥʧܣǰҲţҾˣҵ־ʧܡ
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ǺǺǣڵңٴ˻ѣȻܹȭͷҶĻһţУͨĴУǿҲкܴļܹܡ


274 ܲˬ
ԲѪʾԿЩԲǿߡȭͷҶĻһ˷ܡ
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һΣҶĻδѡ񣬶һ˳ϵͳҪսܶӴУսġ

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սģǵܶӶλԾǨµ֮һһսǵһţսġ
ȤȤ벻ĵһžȻսҡŴС꣬ս˧ϲ¶һ˿΢Ц
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ʼգսĶûԼ䣬˭ǵܶӶλԾǨµ֮һǰʧˣԾһսǵһţҶĻһ߲Ҫʱ䡣
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ǷսԼ˿̵ܶӶλԾǨµеҲΪսĲ䣬ǶҲɻ󣬵ȴŷսĵʵ
СҶĻǷսĵʵʵ̫ǿˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶĻѾص˷֮Уڵϡ
죬Ϳˡͷ컨壬ҶĻһƽ
ʵǿ޷Ϊ֮һķսģƽ֣ҵĿ꣬þһֶκͷսĴƽ֡
սǿıľ֮ͨѹľʹľ֮ҵҲԿľ֮һϳұҪ׷սĵľֱ֮ӽս
ǲܵģսĲ˵߸УӵвֶλԾǨ֮ʣֱӽ֣Ҳһܹңּĸֻӵлþʵ廯ǷʤұҪóеʵ
ֻҪܹƽսģôҵ˲ڶǿߵУȻʱҺͷսķͬһλã֮ұֱȥˮǣʱƾͲ˻ϻӵҺˡ
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ֶÿܶӵжһΪǿ߽ìܵĳأȻ޿ɲͬڳее̨ǺϷɱ˵شһ߲ӣûкϷɱͬĵطҲûֹء
ҶĻսԼǿĸʱҲͨھϽеģÿһս߶ˡ
ȴ
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սģϽ콻սǵһţѾһ߲Ӵ࣬۷УǿߣͬҶĻһҲǻͻĹš
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ҶĻˣҶĻˣϽÿ
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ֻҶĻ˫´ϷΪ侲һһĳž޻˹ȥ
ûȺҶĻֱ˾ޣ漴ھ޵
ҶĻǼˣ벻Ȼôᡣ
ȻᣬҶĻŸոնʮ꣬һβμӽ߽˻ĵһŵĳƺţôţҲǷսĵĶ֡
ȷսǵܶӶλԾǨµ֮һǴУǿҲǰȥս˵ҶĻˣֻһУѣˣⳡսҲпͷһֱҶֻ˵ҶĻͷȴûʶʵսĳ֣ԿԱƵҶĻóȫ
ǺǺǣЩ˵ҲֻϷĶѡ
ܵ˶ڼҵżʼսЩ˵УΪ۵ȴˡ
˵඼ᣬֻжʮңվھϱߵһƬյϣǵΧûһˡ
ХξǺҶĻһһ߲ӵλš
֣֣ҶĻһһǲӲӥûаյǲȥģɽ顭ѵаղܸսģüͷХʮֲĿҶĻ
ΣҶĻһ뷨ȴܲսܶӵ֣鼴Ҳͬü˵ʱĻҲȥսһνˣһǾǿ˺̶ֳȡ
ٺٺ٣֣ͬͬսĻԷǳˬ촽ξǿ֮ɫ
һ˵ȥƯأĶͷХߵЩˡ

ҶĻսսģϢѾأԾΧȺڲš
ʱţΧȺÿʮұһٶˣȵʮʱھ޵ΧѾΧǧˡ
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ʵ̫ǿһҲõ״̬ͬ¶һ˿΢Ц漴ҶĻվ
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ҶĻʼ˵ʱ˶Ҳվھ޵Χֻ˶ȭͷ֮ɫȻ֪ҶĻҪ˵ʲô
һ˶ʵǲһмĿ̨µĺ˶һۣҶĻ˵˵һŵĴһǳ뺫˶Ȼ˷ս㣬ʶʶһǿŵʵ
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ҶĻĻ䣬޵·ը˹ǧ˼ͬһʱ佫Ŀת˺˶ϣһ쳣𾪵ɫź˶
˶ߴԲʵ˽֪ģҶĻȴ̨ϴʴʣ˵˶Ƿһ˵ҶĻӵдУʵϢѾ׽ǧסˡ
ҵĹԹԣ˶һʲôҲǸͨУҶĻ˰ɣһ߲Ӷ೤ʱ䣬߱˴Уʵ
ˣԭһΪҶĻҺǺ˶ǽ޷ԼܸҶĻʵҪҶĻˮڶΧҶĻ˶һﲻϣۻСҪ
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ȷԺԶ㣬ҶĻǹ̬ģȻӵдУʵһĻⳡսеĿˣսľǿҲһ˲ɱһУǿߣȻһ
һҵУ˶ķζըˣ͹ԣؽҧȻѾŭ˼ޡ
ҪҶĻɣȴҶĻｫһӽ˶һ߲ӵǳ͸ˣҪ˺ƶҲһҪڱĽ
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˶ǺǡЦҡҡͷսҲ¶һ˿м飬ҪǸʱֻһ߹ļһˣϳ֮ʮӶŲס㾹Ȼַһʵ
üͷһҶĻҲû뵽սľȻۺ˶
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٣һǹҶĻо˲ԣһ˲䣬ҶĻоԼ̶һ㣬Ŀóޱȡ
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üһһϳʹȫƿ˵߸кͲֶλԾǨʲܹӵеľҲʹ˳ȥüͷҶĻֱˣһֱսʮ׵λʱͣ
ʮףӵе߸кͲֶλԾǨʵĴУǿߣԽΪƿƿڣܹǿʵԷʵսĲǶλԾǨǿߣƿطΧİ뾶ֻʮס
ǲƿѹҵӵ޷˺
üͷҶĻ˷սġ
˿̣սĻûжֻ֣ǾվһζĿҶĻƸͲҶĻһ㣬֮Ҳʹá
ҲȷʵˣƿڣҶĻӵͨĴУǿߣܹǿһ˿ΣӵһƿᱻһٶȺ޷˵
Կƿİ취ͨҲֻһ֣ƿԿƿӵƿǿͬһƿȨ
ҶĻûƿ򣬾߸ҲûУԷսʮţѾ˲֮ء
ߣһĺšŷսģҶĻ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ƿ׷ҵĻһЩ鷳
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278 һͷˮս
죬ֹ죬Ժһʹ֣սľֱɴ˫ۡ
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Ǿ֮½֪ƿ棬֮Բֵ֮ġ
˵ˣƿǴԲ϶λԾǨֵĲ
Ȼ˵սѾӵ˲ֶλԾǨ֮ʣƿͬıһ㣬޷Ĩȥž֮ƿҲڼ
ľֻ֮ʣһңƿƿֱ½ֻʣԭ֮һ
úúã벻㾹ȻӵȹüͷսһԾĿҶĻ
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ȡ
ˣҶĻո̧˫ǹʱսı㶯ˡ
ҶĻչֳĹѾ˷սĵĵߣٶȽҶĻܣ׼֡
ֻսһ˲ҶĻǰٶ֮죬Щ߽Բ֮ǿ߶Ҫöࡣ
ٶȣɼսĵѾ̬˺ֵز
ûκԥսһȭҶĻͷ˹ȥ
Ĳ֮һٶȴһҪ졣

΢΢һЦҶĻ˷սĵһУֻƫƫͷҶĻ˷սٶһȭ
ʲôһﾹȻܹԤҵĹսĵս쳣ḻһ۱㿴ҶĻζһȭġ
ȴȥôˣΪҶĻǹѾ׼
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䣬һ˲䣬ҶĻŽߵķսһʮǹÿһӵóȫʵ֮ǿѾͨĴУǿߡ
ҶĻʮӵƿֻʣ֮һķսĿɲ֮ǰôˣ̷ֱˣҪ뿪ҶĻߡ
ߣֻʣ֮һƿܣ룬һ޷㡣
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ʵ廯ĻþҲûãӵдѪ֮壬湥Ҹûá
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ˣһ̣ҶĻûκԥٶ˿ԶԶ뿪˷սġ
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ԭһƬ𺣣ȴֻʣһ˿磬һ˿ɫĻ磬˿ɫ˲䣬ҶĻоһױȵȸУǻþʵ廯ֱָ񾭵ȸУʹ
ֻһ˲ʹҶĻгٶ༸ĻҶĻпܻιȥ
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Ѳ֮ǿߺⲫ
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սĸоǰδеıһսɱб㱻ҶĻˣֲⲫľ֮ǿ߶ԣҶĻֱǿһĴڡ

ܺãսѾЧˡ
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һʷǳ̬ʣٶȱҪǿһ֣֮ûбҶȻĶ֡
ڲͬӣĵӦöڻþ棬ڻþãȫϣֻʣʺһ˿ֵĻ棬ƾߣʵҲҪǿͨĴУȴôˣֻҪҲ޷ҡ
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˶Ǿվԭأûκһ˿һ֣ڵȴš
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ʱ仺ţһֱ˶ʮӣ˻ûж
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ڸʲôһʼһ֮⣬Ǹû벻ʤˡ
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ûκ̨ϵ˵ô¡
ʱҶĻȴ¶һ˿΢ЦţҶĻˣУվҲһ취
ȷʵڵпܻһֱվϡ
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УվǷֲʤġٴһЦҶĻ˵ǶֵĻʮа˾ҲԷֳʤǷֳʤҲһһ˵ľ档
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ˣȴɴ˫ۡ
ƽ֣˵Χ۵ǧˣغս߻صнʮ֣ûκһΪһսĽƽ֡
˶ͬһͷҶĻ䣬²ȴҶĻڷսĵ¼ֶöѡ
ƽҲƽˣ˵սȴǲ׵ģǧ˼ȫһͷˮΪʲôƽ֡
ˣ⼸ȫǵܶĴУǿߣ⼸˶֪սĵʵʵ
ҶĻĵһŲ򵥰վȺΧһһĿҶĻϡ
ͬΪ֮ĸ֣ҶڷսӦΪ˽ģʹ֮ĵƣ򲻵ͲʹһУȴһҶĻ֡
ܹѷսıƵһĵһţ֮


279 ˮ
̽Ҫ¿ˡüͷϿʼ˼
ͬʱϣʮλ˵ҺϢǿҲ˼
ҶĻĿģνԿηһе飬˶ʼ˵Ļô˱Ϊġ
ҺҲһҶĻһԵõҺڶǿߵһϢʱֻΪЦǿ߱Ͷɣǵڶһ˴µʱȻԾΪǼٵģȴһͷǰȥ̽һȷ١
ҶĻĿıǴڶǿ̽ͷһеһǿ̽ôеڶ
ֽס̽ʼôҶĻõҺȻᱻ˵֪ʱֻҪҶĻɶλԾǨôһľء
ҶĻѾˣƽ֮ܶһķսģʹڶǿߵУʱΪ˺ͷսĶԵȵĴڡ
һʱڱ㲻ǰ̽ҶĻϾ̽ͻΪȷһпԵȥһ۷Уǿߣ鼸еӵ˶ȥ
ҶĻ֮ǰ״ܺ˶Ϣʹ˶Ϊ˶ڸҶĻˮһҶĻĿ㳹ˡ
Ч˫ǹҶĻƳ̨µڶǿߣ̾Ϳ˼λͷ˼ǿߡ
һսʱھԲǰɧˣҲڱƵɶλԾǨԻǰ;
Ҿǰˮǣһˮǣ͸˻ˣʱİȫˮǱߣҲٶ׬ȡĥ
ں˶ߣҪ˵
漴ҶĻתֱ˾ޡ
ҶĻ¾ޣΧھ̸ܵҶĻÿһ·
ǿߵĴη
ҶĻ뿪֮ǰХȴѾһ뿪
ҶĻʵѹ

쵰쵰
顭
3771ű֮У˶ڿзйš
ֻں˶ĽмеɳΣȫ˶ڱŭ֮ҳƬһƬңսһ㡣
죬˶ǧ˵ǰֹˣһ˶ᶪصС
Сǳӵ˶ԣֱ
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Ǳҵġ˵ţֻ˶һתһŻжƤС
ԭɶλԾǨ֮ȥѰⶫǱҵģҾȥˮǣ֮Ҫǡ
˿̣ں˶޾ĳ֮ɫȻЩ޾ĳ޵Уȴһ˿ţױȵš
ڿеƤʱ˶еŸǿҵ˼ޡ

ˮǣҲ֪﾿Ǹʲôӡ֮УҶĻŴĻϵʾͷ
ҶĻ뿪֮󣬱ǰˮǵ
ˮǣԪ˧ںʱ⵱зֵһطλںңһǳصĴڡ
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ˮǲֻһˮһһսһ߲ӵУһǱߵš
Ҫȥˮǽǲ˰
ĻϵʾҶĻЦ
ˮǱϾǷߣһ߲ӵڶǿΪһ߲ӵˣҲԼһ߲ӲԵ޹ڶǿȥˮǣ֪ôҲпܻ䣬һǿԵ޹һ߲ӵʧ
ԣκǿҪȥˮǣþȡʱ䣬һ±Ҫһʮڴڼ䣬ǿԤʬҲճ۳ȴ
ҲΪˣʵǿǿ߶ԸȥϾΣճ̶ʵ̫ˣ˶λԾǨǿҲпܻȥﻹҪķѴľҲֻһЩΪţǼҪʵ˲Ż
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ȻΣգʵֻҪ̫ҡûģ׬ȡٶҪöࡣ
֮󣬻ҪСһЩ
ҡҡͷ漴ҶĻת뿪
ҶĻսƽսĵ¼ڶ̶һ֮ھʹأ˶֪飬ͬҲˡ
ȻǼʱȴӭһϢҶĻȻˮǣȫ֪ʱѾǵڶˡ
ʱҶĻѾ̤ǰˮǵ·Ȼк˶
ҶĻһΪȴǳ״ʮǿߵǣʹʮǿ߶ΪҶĻҺҥ
1126ű֮УĿ˼š
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ҶĻܹƽսĵʵǵõҺĻȻ̷ãɶλԾǨǲãҲˮȾٶˮǱΣޱȣҲûоԵİܹǱ߻
ҺȥˮΣյĵطܹģֻзӡ
ĵһţôܻȷľٶ

̫ź棬ͻȻֻһ󾢷ԺϴţһӰԼٶǰ۶ȥҶĻ
ʮһ߷ţҶĻһ߿ͨѶϵͼ
ˮλںҵλãҪȥû·ֻԼװǱǱλҲģһǰ߰ҵĵطԽǱ
Ҵߵ㿪ʼУ쵽ˡ
ҶĻȫеٶȣʮֻǶʮӵѡ
ʮ֮ҶĻͣ
ֻ˿ҶĻڵλһĴ󺣣۴ĸȥǺˮޱ޼ʣûеĶ๦ͨѶҶĻܲҵȥ·һ⡣
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˶ͨѶϵ꣬ҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц漴ҶĻһתһ׸ߵľ޴ϽҶĻ
Z7Ǳһ˶ʮģһǱˮǵλãĹ켫Ϊ⣬Ž׳ǿ޵޹ǣ԰ҷֵųϵĺѹ
Ҫ°ףµĻҹƻᱻѹ
Цҡҡͷ漴ҶĻǱǵĲոǱ˽ȥ
顭
һˮZ7ǱԼٶȳ뵽ˮС


280 
Z7Ǳһ߲ĿǰΪȽǱǣǧڵĺףάÿʮ׵ٶȽǱǽѡǰˮǵıƷ
Ǳ߲ѯϢZ7ǱҪǱˮǵλãҪСʱʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬һҪСһЩ
ƽǱ֮УҶĻԼɨܣû˼ȥۿνĺ硣
ϾʱĴ󺣿ɲȴֱ֮ǰֱ֮ǰĴ󺣣ȻΣգȴѾ˴룬ʱĴ󺣲ͬ
ʱĴ󺣣Լجεн޾нߵجΣǿ˶ǵȴڣҲǰ棬Ϊ
Z7Ǳǵı޵ıƤԼͷǱٶȿľˣһӵαװϵͳԽһϢڲڣǶλԾǨޣǲϸ̽飬ҲΪZ7Ǳһʯͷ
ҪСһЩ֮е֣֮һЩޱܹ͸ǱǵαװǱʱ޿͸αװ֮󹥻󺣡
ӲټһҪСģȻ˼ѹҲпܻ󺣡
۾ҶĻʹòԼһϢȫصȴš

Z7ǱǵǱٶȷǳ죬ҶĻҲһֱǱʱҲûκһֻ޿ҶĻαװֻǽZ7Ǳǵһʯͷ
ѾǱСʱˡ
¶һ˿΢ЦҶĻڼִˮǳڴ
һӣӣӡ
ʱ仺ţʱţҶĻҲ𽥸оһ˿Ӧ
ףҶĻѪԲľŽǿߣǿ쳣̬Ծɲ࣬ࡣ
ǡ
ͻȻҶĻŲڵǱˮԶһ
һ쳣ӴĹţˮµ̫һ㣬ⰵյˮ磬ԶǧףҶĻԾܹʮĿš
ˮǣˮǡ˷һЦҶĻȭͷˮǴĵطҿġ
ˮǵıʵһޱȾ޴ˮ磬ʮƽСʮƽΧһ޷ķˮȫ赲Χ
Ԫ˧ˮ֮ǰˮǸûбκ˷ֹڣĿƼ޷̽⵽ˮǵĴڣһƬһ㣬κ̽ɨ޷ˮǵĴڣԪ˧ǰˮһܺ˺ܹԴԼϸͼҾǱҲ޷ڰգһƬڵĺҵ޴磬ȳԽƼǧˮ磬ͲԽģȻ˽ż
ˣͿ쵽ˡ
Զɺľ޴ԴҶĻٿǱѸٳǱ߸˹ȥ

һǱǵβԽԽˡ
ţȻʱҸˣüͷһһ̣ҶĻֱɴ˫ۡ
ΪǱϵ̽״ҶĻԼһ£һƳһľŽ׳ǿǱ߻˹
Ҹû˵Ȼĳַǳޣ챣ӣǧҪҹ˫ֺʮҶĻš
ҶĻүûʲôϵŽ׳ǿ޲ûƫԭǰһͻȻӿٶȣһ㳯Ǳֱֱĳ˹
á
ٳľŽ׳ǿޣҶĻûκԥԼϷĺɫť
䡭
ͻȻֻһɴɫĵǱǵǰ
ȻЩɫĹ£Ž׳ǿ޾ȻֻǶ˶ΣǱǳ˹ٶȱ𷽲ŻҪ졣
Ƥôô񣬾ұЩļˣһʱҲܣȻôܷӦ
ţҶĻȴһ˿ɫ
ѵģΪײңðɣײ
˵գҶĻ̱㰴ͷĺɫť
ֻҶĻǸṯ̌һ⿪ʼ˸
ײɣײ㡣
䡭
ҶĻĻ£ͻȻǱǵĲոǴˣ漴ҶĻһ˲㱻Ǳǵ˳ȥٶ׿ĵط
䡭
һ̣Ž׳ǿ޾ֱײǱǣֻĺɫǱǵбһ˲㽫Ž׳ǿȫ˽ȥ
ɫһ˽ʮʧںɫʧ֮Ž׳ǿȴĳԭأȴûˡ
ɶҪϽߣЧֻܳһӣָҾ군ˡǿܲϴĳǿѹѹǱˮҶĻѸٳŹǱ˹ȥ
һӣһӹԭ޷жľŽ׳ǿ𽥻ָж
ȻʱŽ׳ǿȴͷӬһ㣬ҲҶĻټ
Ϻ׵ĺڰŽ׳ǿһҲ޷ҵٶҶĻ
ɶѹòɽկɡüͷ˿ҶĻѾЩΣȻǶһǿѹЩ޷ܡ
ھˮǻǧףϽιȥˮǾͰȫˡ
ǺҶĻƴȫϳǰζš
ʮףʮףʮס
ҶĻζǰĹԽԽڣʮ֮ҶĻӴ˷㡣

ҶĻֻԼƽӴ˷һ㣬ոմ㴩˹ȥ漴һɾҶĻĶ
׹ոմǲصķ֣ҶĻαٵĳ·ʼ׹
ˣҶĻһתֹסԼΣֱʱҶĻſʼǰľɫ
ǵˡһժͷϼѹ֣ҶĻ˴
ȻԲֽ׶οĵطֻЩǼʱȺܹһĵط
˿̣ҶĻڵĵطǺˮ֮УһƬһɽҶĻĲԶһɽҶĻͷ޾ĺˮЩˮȴһ޷ۿķص棬ЩˮƯڿһ㡣
Ϊ˳Ծȴεķ㣬ҶĻֻǸոմ㴩˹ȥҶĻа˽ϵֻҪ㶼ܹ˲䴩ȥĺˮȴ޷һ˿
ҶĻ˲䣬ھѹϵĺˮҲ棬ʱҶĻϸûκˮա
Ǻˮǻɽ澰ҡҡͷҶĻһ䵽˵ϡ
ǲĺˮҾԻΪǵ棬ﻹŻصмĺܹԴνǶʮСʱǰ졣˵ţҶĻ̧ͷ˿Ǹν̫
̫һ߲ӺķѴԴĺܹԴʮƽˮǣҲǰˮ֮˵·ꡣ


281 
׹ҶĻ䵽˵ϡ
ˮޱȣʮƽҲ֪˵ţҶĻͨѶó鿴Լꡣ
ֻͨѶˮǵĴͼͼϽˮǷΪϰٸԼһҶĻڵλñǵͼϵ
ãֻ򣬾ܽΣճ̶Ҳ̫ߣ䵽һٿǾΣˣʱҺпܻᱻһ·׷ɱ򡣡Լ꣬ҶĻһ
ߣСʱܹ
˿漴ҶĻ㻺سŶ˹ȥ
ո𲽣ҶĻȴͣ
ˮǻʹŵһضޡüͷҶĻǿԼԶһʯֿ˿Լǿһĵش
ҲŸոյֻޣһֻû˵
ҡҡͷҶĻγתǹֱָ˷ط

𣬾ҶĻγתǹ˲䣬߿һĵش㴫һ󾢷
顭
ûκԥҶĻ׼һһʮǹÿһǹȫΪ֮
ÿ죬Ȼһ˲͵ҵߡ
üͷһҶĻתȷǰ˳ȥ
ҶĻȫһ֮£ֻҶĻԭһǰȻһ󲨶漴һֻƱڻһĴɫ޳ҶĻǰ
ֻٶȼ죬һӵֻ޵սƲô
һȣһҶĻ㽫ֻ߷˳ȥ
һֻ
Ĭһ䣬漴ҶĻ˫۶׼ֻޣͨ͵ǿ˲ѹ˹ȥ
ͨģҶĻʮӵ
һֻ̣ޱ㳹׵ĵڵϣˣʱֻ޵ͷѾҶĻѣɫѪһء
ڶֻ
ƲһԵľʯһۣ漴ҶĻֱܣɲǼ˾ʯǰ
䡭
顭
ûκԥҶĻһ̤˾ʯ֮ϽʯƷţҶĻ׼Ѿľʯһ䡣
ǹתǹǹһֱͣʱҶĻתǹӵҲһա
顭
һ߿ʯֻھʯ֮һ޵ʬ塣
һֻɫۼףͷӵƱӰޣֻҶĻ£ȴѾױѣɫۼɢһأɫѪҺıضǣġ
޶۱Уǿߵޣ벻ܹޡüͷҶĻѾĶ۱ʬ
漴ҶĻֻƱڻһ㣬ܹʬǰ
ֻҸû˵ӦˮϡޣֻǷǹȶһ㣬ٶȴһҪһ˿Ҳ޷ƣӵһòֻ޵ۺʵӦҪǿͨУǿߣڼǿߡ
ˮǣˮǣҸոֻУޣﻹֻνΣճ̶Ƚϵ͡򡣡
ͬģΣҲŻЩϡټļֵͺñֻܹεޣ޻Ҳչܹ
΢΢һЦҶĻֻ޵ʬȫ
ǹǴﴫġ
ţˣ
üͷһҶĻʬ漴ķ
ӳҶĻǰ
ɫս඼ʮңϻһйŴҵͭɫ£һݴ󵶣һһתǹ
ȻǽǵˡϵĻ£ҶĻ̱֪˵ǽǵı־
δˣҶĻϵĻҳֱǱ߶ȥ
վסǲɱˡ
ҶĻûһۣݴ󵶵ָ̱ҶĻ˳
ƨ£ҲʲôطŤͷҶĻɫƽ˵һ䡣
㡭ˣ˱Ҫ֣ȴһסˡ
λսǵֵܣѾǽǵ˺ϻһڵʱ䣬һڣڳû޶ǽǵģΣ̨Ӧɱޣ뽻ǡһ˼Ϊ˵
Ŷ
üͷҶĻҲû뵽ԼȻ顣
ˮսһ߲ǲˮһʮƽһ߲ӸֲҲ̫࣬һ߲ӸûռˮǣȻԪ˧ڣҲڲһ߲Ⱦָ
޷ռ£һ߲ӱ⣬ˮǵʱޣˮǣǱߵܹ㹻ʣҲǰˮǣԽ࣬ʱ֮ҪɵҲԽࡣ
һ㵼ˮ֮вսһ߲ӵˣе˺һЩǿߡ
ԣҶĻȷǰ˵滰Ѿһ߲ʱ䣬֮еһ޺ͳֵıﶼǽǵġ
ѾҶĻеĶûнȥϰߡ
ղȷʵսֳӦܹóһֻޣֻһغսߵУѣѾȫǿֻ޸ܡ˵ҶĻһ޹֮ɫҶĻ˵ʱغսУ⼸ȴ˵ķ˼Զ
ҲŸոյˮǣûµĻҾȥ򱨵ˡ
˰֣ҶĻûټˣתǱֱ˹ȥ
쵰
ˣݴ󵶵ӱҪ׷ǰȥϾҶĻ۾˵ϹϵҺѾ˵һ⣬ϳ˼Ϊļ⣬ûһޱͷ֮ܡ
ˣ²òͷֻ޶ѡһסԼͬ飬һҡҡͷ
ǡҶĻıӰʮֲʡ
ûʲôǵģսһ߲ӵУǿߣˮǵĵ̣ûô㲻ҪˣֵϢУ޵Ϣܹʮ֮նɱֻУޣʵȻһͨУô򵥣Ҳһǿߣʵ׷ȥҲû취
ҿӣӦǵһˮǣֻ޾ȨһӰɡ
ǵץʱŵޣѰﱻ޴ıʱѾȥ졣

пɽǲһǰУҶĻ̾
ˮսǵĵ̣߶Ҫս˼ӣûսǵɽ·Ͷˡ
ˣȥ򱨵ûǱΪˡ


282 ּ
ˮǸıɢģһΧҶĻҪִ򣬱ҪͶ
źͶ򣬶ǷΧϴټҶĻֻǻУȵԽʱѾǰСʱ֮ˡ
ǵˡվһʯϣҶĻԶͬһСĳУ¶һ˿Ц⡣
˵ĹȻܱߵûʲôΣգڴԽʱһЩ֮⣬һֻҲûп
ȥ
˵ͷҶĻֱ£ŲԶĳп񱼶ȥ
ûҶĻ㿴һЩ½½ĳųſڸȥǸո뿪š
еĳſڣȴûأֻһڼ¼һУΪۿɨһзǷߡ
ˮǣǳΣգֻһ߲ñĳ֮вǰȫģܹģͨһ߲սˣˡ
ҶĻύ룬Ҳʸ
ȻЩ˾ûгеİҲܹˮǴܳʱ䣬ʵܹڴڼɱ㹻ޣ㹻Ļر뿪
ˣһ߲ӳΪ͵ߣһ֣ǿǰɱ
ܲΪ˽л˲˼ұܹо֮ʮλλԾǨǿ򡣡
ԲֹʮλˮΧķ㣬ֻҪǰ˽ϵﶼܹ׵߽ʤŽ׳ǿ޸ܹɴ󲿶ӣλԾǨҲʮƽڵĶλԾǨޣ˵ҲʮֻʮλλԾǨǿȻ޷סУȻиΪǿ
΢΢һЦ漴ҶĻ̤˳֮С
̤֮ҶĻδᣬֱӳųĽ˹ȥ
һ߲СͻأͬսǵеɢӪһ㡣
̶̤ңҶĻ˻صĴſڡ
ףڣһǸ椡üͷһҶĻĿ̱㱻һŮ˹ȥ
ߴΣģɫһɫսһŮԾŽ׳ǿߣһŮ
СҶĻһֱֻϿˣ⻹ǵһʵмˣһ椣ҶĻ˼ۡ
ģѾǸˣ椵ϻһҰԣĸһ㡣
ζ
˿ڿˮҶĻջĿ⡣
ףǡ
ͻȻҶĻ׼ʱһŮ߷Χ
˿ѷɫ椵ıģ˪ȴ˵һͷõ糤ϻһ쳣עĿĴصҶĻˣ
˿̣ҶĻ椽̸ţȻʶˡ
ǰɣôߵﶼأüͷҶĻǷĲЩ㶡
ҶĻҪҪȥڨʱȴһ
ҶĻüͷЩȷĺ
ǺǺǣðּˡͷҶĻһЦ˹ȥ
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ҶĻԾʱҲڳԾͬΪҶĻľΣܹôΪУȻԭͻţϺҳڶִڣҶĻȴһΪУǿߡ
һ֮ҶĻУһ˿΢ɲľ֮ɫȻϢ֪ͨҶĻսĻ»ᾪ°Ͷ
Ҹյһ߲һ֮ˮǣ޾ɱԭ֮£Ҳ˽ʵ벻ҲܹҡĴָ˿ĳ޵
ˣˣܹڵʵҲԭ򡣡ЦҡҡͷҶĻʮǫ˵
Сλ˧ǡʱһθߴŮˣΪӲͨ˳
Ŷж˹㣬λҺ˵ǻĵĵһţҶĻָҶĻܵ
ҶĻȻǻĵһţȻ㻹ҪǿȻսǵУ£ʵʵԲѷɫڴУǿߡ
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ֱӾ˳ҶĻ˫۸ǳ𾪣ж˹ʵ֪ģж˹۹Ҳö࣬ж˹˵ҶĻʵҪǿȻġ
𾪣˿ҶĻĿֻʣ𾪡
֮ʱҶĻҲЩ΢΢ȣʵصļҲûдԲж˹ֻһۣܹĴʵҶĻʼע椡
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˧磬ʵǿС˵Ŷʮ꣬ϲͣûŮѰҶĻ˸ۣж˹ΪӲͨ˵
⡭ΣҶĻҲ֪λشˡ
ǺǺǣˣҲǸո׼ȥǾͲˡ֣漴ж˹ת뿪
ɶӾȻ椵ϷˡλŮıӰҶĻΪɳܵȭͷ
ôģȻһ߲һ¾͵ˮǣѵˣ˻˺ţ
ˣˣˮǣ̧ͷͷ˵ʲôʱܹأȥ
ҡҡͷ漴ҶĻת˱Ļشš
ǳ֮սһ߲ӵרأֻΪһ߲ӵǿ߷񣬶ҶĻڽȥ֮󣬱ֱǰĴĻ˹ȥ
Ļͬغս߻ĴĻһޣ룬¼ϣԼĹЧ
ҶĻְȥĻ̱˵⡣
֣УҶĻƽִˮǣһ뿪ʼȨˮǾסµʱ䣬һ뼰ʱɾǷغء
µʱ䣬Ҳ֪ܹҵʵֵزҲҪ׬İʮȻͿˡ
ջ֣ҶĻĻѾϣԵ˵ͷ


283 ĥ
ȿһˮľ
˵ţҶĻ㿪ʼĻϲѯˮǵľϡ
ˮԼʮƽȥ򣬹ΪһʮԽΣճ̶ȾԽߣ˵нǰΣճ̶ȾͲġ
֮˵ǰΣճ̶ȽϵͣΪǰбȽϽ֮йϱʮλλԾǨǿ£ЩˮǵĶλԾǨޣԸӽУԲŻˮǸٳֶλԾǨޡ
ҲֻǺٶѣϾˮǵϷȫصķţκΰ˽ϵ޶ܹκεطԼǾнϽҲһʳֶλԾǨޣвУǿھнϽЩնɱ
ԵģбȽԶͱȽΣգһԺĶλԾǨ޶ϾλԾǨεԾǨں׵һɶλԾǨҲΪЩ½Ǻܳ顣
Թԣ˵һٿˣʮҲȫĻϵϣҶĻ˿ڿˮʾʮ϶жλԾǨ޵ĳѨڰʮڵҲһʻָոˮǵĶλԾǨޡ
ǶλԾǨޣˮ֮иûа˽µȥһźﶼȫ
Ǻ׵Ž׳ǿ޼һץһѣЩû¾ϲˮתһתźſ򶯲ľŽ׳ǿޣпܻһϰֻ
һֻҪӵ㹻ʵ׬ȡٶȷʵҪö࣬ϾֻչϡټľŽ׳ǿޣˮȴǳֻ࣬Ҫӵ㹻ʵһ׬ȡʮ⡣
ʮһ򣬵Ұٺ֮󣬾͵ʮһһԣܷ
ҵطס°ɡ
ҡҡͷҶĻת뿪˻ء
֮󣬱̤˻һԵʱסһ䷿䷿ȴֻжʮƽ״Сҷ֮лһһŴҲûС

סˣſһ쳣СҷЩᣬǽżݵķ䣬ҶĻ״סˡ
Ҿ֪ܲôôģÿǰˮǵǿ߶׼סԭνס
Ŵ죬ҶĻֱӿˣݣӵĴָֻӪҺѹˮճƷһûУôס
ôǺףͨ˸ûûзԱû̵꣬ûоƵ꣬ûгûĵطѵ¾Ҫ˯ذ岻ɣ
òƣӦãһҪµӪҺûԣˮҲǸѹˮ
ǽϣҶĻſյʮõķ䣬Щסˡ
İʮͻѵҾǴ˵еĶ
ݣˡȭͷҶĻվǣҺпܻᱻ
顭
һѽѾòŹϣҶĻֱų˳ȥ

֪ˣ֮ǰҾһЩѹ䶳⣬ڸûóԣǺףûԡ
µӪҺ
ɥҶĻ첽뿪˳ţֱӳʮһ˹ȥ
ΪþȫȥսսһУҶĻҲֻˡ
Ҫʮһ򣬱Ҫһ;ź򣬴ʱҶĻ첽Уʮӵʱ䣬˾źΧ
Σա
üͷҶĻ˿Ѿָ侲
վһʯϣҶĻظǰһУ漴ҶĻó߱Զʼɨǰ
ȻΣգǧڣŽ׳ǿ޾Ȼжʮֻȫڲͬĵط⻹ֻҿġ
ҲԣҪɱǣЩԣֺγʵʳ
⣬ûжλԾǨޣֻҪһʮֻϰֻŽ׳ǿޣƾϲûġ
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ջԶ漴ҶĻֱ̤ʮһС
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쵰̬
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㡭ҶĻһӣǲ֪Ǻˡ
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ȻҼҪǲͬ⣬һ㡣

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ҶĻĻ֮ȴվԭüͷ
ŮҲǸƢǾǿıӰҶĻεҡҡͷ׷ȥ˵Ҫֿҡ
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ȻѾҵŮˣôұȢˣܲ

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ԣЩɫҺ塣һҶĻ̱ƿӵеĺɫҺ塣
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ЩɫҺ嶨ȻĳֱĳֿԿŽ׽弫޵ıΪѾ˼ޣûʲôЧȴȫҡ
ҵʾǽûдԲٹһҲԲҪЩɫҺܹһио˶ͺˡ
˵ţҶĻ˷龰
һ֮ҶĻһοɳܵӲˡ
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عҶĻֱ˷սĴǰ漴ҶĻһתֱӽս˴ָ֮С
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һۿȥֻʯڵϿȾȻѾ̮˴룬ʯѣߴٶ׵ʯڵҶĻܹԶһСɽѾȫʧ
⣬ҶĻø߱ԶɨԼܹеطЩطȫͬһӣûκһֻ޴ڡ
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Ǻʾ׺ޣֻȻսನȴԶԶﲻ־أӦԭ򡣡
ҺսѾˣȥǱ߿һ
δܶҶĻԼٶųǱ߿񱼶ȥ


292 
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üһ⡭ǰȫһΪĳУҶĻ̱ɴ˫ۡ
׵ѷһҪӵƻ졭
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ҶĻΪۼ⣬һ۱㿴Ⱥе񣬲ҶĻȴ֣һӡ
ݣС˭ӵŮڨͷҶĻֱǰȥһס֡
СôҲȵҡ
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ӵĳ༫Ϊ㣬ͦΣУ£һ߲ӵĴУǿߣʱӿҶĻĿ˾档
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ͬʱҶĻѾ׷˳ϱߵĻҰش
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ȻŮ˱ܿ졣ЦҡҡͷҶĻ˵
˵ҪȢ㣬Ҳδʲô˵ţҶĻָָ
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ҶĻˣֻҶĻһ˲ʹȫ
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ΪɫѾױˣҶĻұ֤µĻȴʮа˾űĴصǱܱµĴص
ڽסҶĻӹĶʱԭŭɫȴһ˿͡
ǡ
üͷҶĻӹƿӳɻ
ҲΪƿӵеĶû̽ӳȥ
ƿӣһһСһô󣬶СֻаƴС
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⵽ʲôߣǸ̬ҲòʲôöһƿӵƿǴˡ
סˣסˣƿǱ򿪵˲䣬ȴסˡ
ڸ񣬶ħҺ˽ȻҪԶͨˣƿӱ򿪵˲䣬ȷ˴ƿӵеħҺ
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ܣǡƿӵеĽɫճҺ壬ֱӾ˳
ҺҺǸ̬Ȼһ͸ң


293 
ҺжʹκζλԾǨµǿ߷񣬼ںţСҲһμҺ
ϾӵһҺ൱ӵɶλԾǨƱ衣
Һֵĸʷǳ֮ͣȫӵҽĵطʤǷҺĵطȴǳ٣ÿһҺһѪȷ磬ǿ߽ɱᣬһ߲ӵҲûҺԹ
Һ
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ĳǳãҪǿľǿԸ񣬲Ҳһعˡ
СδӴĸԣǶԼıҲɫڵܸܵޱڱҶĻ֮Ż־ȻҲҶĻʵԼ츳йء
ˣжҶĻҲһ˿⣬Һĳ֡
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ҡҡͷ漴ƿ
ʱҶĻͣڳбԵ
һҺûˡͣҶĻͷ˿ǱߣЩʹ˵
ˣС椳ţҺҲʲôСڵӣǾԲġ
ڻʵɣײҪȥɱںԬһεսҪ취С椵ļ˸㶨
ʵԬǱ߿˵֮սļҲø㶨׵û⣬ֻһͨĶλԾǨǿߣн׳ԽߣѵǸ㶨ĸǱߡ
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ȭͷΪԼҸҶĻƴˡ
ˮǵȼ죬ҪǰΪ߽׳ԽߣҪȳΪ߽Բļǿߣ߸УòֶλԾǨǿߵʡ
ЩǰǾˮ֮вûޣϼ죬ٲˮǵĻ͵ûػ취ˡ

ѪʹˮǵеȫӴһգǰˮǵǧǿ߾ۼڳһԵüΪģ֮ƨ쿪ʼʱ䡣
ҶĻѡ˺͡硯Ѷ졣
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ʮСʱˮ֮ǿʼһЩɢɢޣڶǿ߶ԣֱǸ
ϾʤֻҪһֻ޿Ͻˮǣôеڶֻֻֻ
Ҫ˶ãˮǾָܹ֮ǰӡ
״ʾƽÿһӱвٶ޽ˮǣݻԼٶšڵϣҶĻϸеͨѶٶٹʱ䣬ˮǱָܹ֮ǰӡ
ٹһͶˮǵʱ仹ʣʮ죬Ҫʮ֮Ū㹻ľ
˵գҶĻͨѶڵؾصȴš
ͬҶĻһۼڳһڶǿȫ֪һϢ˿ʼĳԼԤѡõս˹ȥԾͣԭصȴš
˴ٴսʱȴûκ֪СѾϢĽˮǡ
ʮĸˣ߸һСӣСӵԱͨˮ֮кܳЩ˼ľλȴЩˡ
н͵εҲнΣ˻Ǵ󽫾Σսһ߲ɳģܲıΪ׵׷ɱСӡ
˿̣˸ոյִһصʯڣҶĻ֮ǰڵʯ
Ѿ˹˹ˡʯĽӡԼۼһɫʽµĴǿü˵
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㣬սҲûˡλǿߵߣü˵
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쵰ƽɱȾƣϲһϷСŮȴǵϷСŮǰҪĶӷ˾ţ֮Ÿ㵽ôˣûȫȻûˣ
Щ˵Ķû˲źáһλǿߵϲãɲҹͬ
Դָó˼ƿę́Ʒ˵ϡ
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ûˣھûˡ
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ܲıѵʧĶͲüͷСһнǿСĵʵ
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λǿе㣿ѾǱʶĽˡ
λǿһһķ˰Сʱҵʱ䣬Сʱ֮ڶǿ̳ųǱ߶ȥ

룬ҶĻڶǿ
ɢ
ͻȻֻһߴͬʱһ󱩺ߵ赲ʾߡ
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һȣڵصǿȫվѸٳԶȥҶĻҲȻ⡣
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ǡ
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˭
ϢҶĻ˵ݡ


294 
ǰνΪݵ
ڶλµĴǿߡ
һһͷ磬Ƿұһ˰̣߲׶࣬Եүζʮ㡣
غս˾һ߲ܲıζսߵһǿߣ˳ͻĺƣλȫ綼ܹϺŵĴǿ߾Ȼˮǡ
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ǲۻˣ˵еͻƣͻĵһþȻˮǡ
죬λǴֱǰĴֲ޳ڼ䣬ƴսʮҾȻۿ
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ҷ̽⵽ϢˣȴΪԼŪģԸѪ⣬ʵΪۣʮʵ½֮ңȴδκγ̶ϵ½κʮ֮ǰһ޶
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2.1ףҶĻֻ1.8ףҺһļ쳣׳˶վһ𣬺һլкͽĲһ㡣
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֮󣬺ƺҶĻ˾вԶĻߵش
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Ԫ˧δ󽫣һСûǣ⡭ǲץˡ޷жҶĻֻһЦʵ
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ģץûж⣬ֻһ顣һԵʯͷϣһЦ˵
ǲһսһʯ
üͷһҶĻ˲侪һ亹һ̣ҶĻָ侲ǰλǴһĴڣֱӿָҲʲô¡
һԵĺ˵ʯʱҲһ㶣ԭԼɫҲ侲
˾ҵȷʵһʯһս΢΢˵ͷҶĻʮֽ˵
ܲ˵һ˵õʯսľһ̣ʮʵ
ɫȴҶĻЩ
ˣλǺųƻĵһþֵһ˵κһٻƶᱻ˲
ˣ˵˵ҽָЩʯ֮⣬ûλܹ۵ģսҲһҪǿĻͶˡ
һѡ
мᶨ֮ɫҶĻڻ˵ԼõʯԼսľ
ϿصףնɱףôָԼʯΪصʯѶ춨ķĹõս
ȻĻҶĻֻһǲϸ˵ġ
ҶĻ˵֮󣬺ȴǵɴ˫ۣĲţδҲûʲô飬˫һ˿ȡ


295 ҶĻļҵ
ǺǺǣЦҡҡͷ漴̧ͷա
ܲ벻ǰʯȻ䵽Уˡ
߰ɣҪʱ䡭
˵ţվҪ뿪
ҵզ죬ʹһٶε㱻Сåù˲˵ھһӶûϣֱǱǲﰡָҶĻһԵĺһμ
źƵӣҶĻٰ׳ҲѾľ
˵ƿҺǺе㣬һǶںֳǿ󽫶ԣ쳣Ķ
߰ɣЩ˵ûá
ȵҡ
λ󽫼ǿߣҶĻΪĿ»뿪
ˣգգۣҶĻʮֲĿʧĵطλһĴڰΪ£
Ҳԣ춨Ԫ˧׵ܵܣǴֱǰһǴǿߣλͬ춨һǴֱ֮ǰ˺춨ĹϵȻͬһ㡣
ҽָʯսǴ춨ĶǷ֣ȻҪעһ¡
ҡҡͷһͬǿ߽ӴҶĻҲûʲôѹųǱ˹ȥ

СӵõʯһõսҲĴˣѵŲܣ·ϣЩɻ˵
ܣôܣЩε˵ҷɨСӵĴָʱĽָбɲ١
һٶݣǧħҺ˷ݵҺЩǱһɾĻСȫ԰Լѳٽ֣ٽԺͲֵܹģҪԼȥܹҵ·ǹĻϹġ
ûɣһٶݣǧħҺ˷ݵҺɴ˫ۣƾֱ˳
ݣⶫɲǶԽãҪʹǶλԾǨǿߣκζλԾǨǿ߶ԣÿһݶǱҶĻȴһٶꡣ
ǧħҺȻڶλԾǨǿûãھŽ׽߶ȴǱǧصеľŽǿߵĻܵõ۵ľ
ҺҲͬħҺһڶλԾǨǿûãⶫȴħҺֵǮֱ޼֮ǿƣǿߣҲûҺ
ҲݣСӵļҵױһٽǿ߻ҪҪЩعȥƻǿǰȥ׷ɱĶͷƲ̾
ЩڣСӸòǲģܹ꣬Ϊһٽǿߡȼһ֧̣Ц˵ԺСӻܹսǲս
߰ɡ

ҶĻصʱͺѾʮλнǿ߽
ǽҶĻҲһοʼԼս˳ܾʱ޽޾Ļ£ˮ֮г˶λԾǨ֮⣬ѾָѪ֮ǰӡ
ʮ죬ҶĻˮǵʱֻʣʮ죬ʮʱ䣬ҶĻûлعκһΣһֱʮһսš
ͬʱʮһҲ𽥱ڶλԾǨµǿߣΪΪҶĻļһڡ
ҶĻʴԲʵ֮ǰǿһأһͬʮֻŽ׳ǿӲƴʮһ򼸺ҶĻһ˵ս
ʱҲˡ
վԭأҶĻٴһֻŽ׳ǿ޵ʬ塣
ˮǵһ죬Ҫڰҹʮ֮ǰصأȻͻᱻ۳
ھͻسǡ
˲ϵĺˮҶĻֱųǱ߿񱼶ȥ
ˮ޽бЩѣغս˵ʮʱ䣬Ѿ㹻޽һ׵ĳˡ
ֻԭ׺һΪмһ׺蹵ĳУʱѾָһǰӣҳ뱻ΪƽصʱҲ½
½ĻأҶĻᳵ·ոµĴĻǰ
ְ֡ȥֻĻһ˸漴ҶĻϱ档
ǶʮɱʵǣʮɱôʱȻҵԾǾűû˿ɱľŽ׳ǿȴܹѳһɽ
Ӧòˡ
һԵİť漴ֻҶĻǰĵѿûκԥҶĻԼµջȫӽѷ֮С
һΣҶĻһӽȥöָʬ壬ֻһսĽһΣҶĻһս£ʮ죬ҶĻʵǴǡ
ֻҶĻһó˾öָﻤҶĻеĴ豸
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һҵҶĻеĴ豸򿪣ʬ߽ǰѷ֮С
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֡УҶĻϽʬһǧİһߣΪŽ׳ǿʬ壬ϡʬߡ
֡ԤŽ׳ǿʬһǧʮžߣϡʬչһǧʮѴ˻
һǧʮڹͨҩˡĻϵ֣ҶĻΪ˵ȭͷȫµľѾͨһ룬ʣĵǹĻȴֻҪܹʣµľȫͨ
һӵһǧٰʮһҪһǧȥ֮Уһܹõİٵϵľպùǧ
ʱ䲻ˣ֮ǰһҪΪ߽׳Խߣھͻȥ
˵ͷ漴ҶĻĻϰһҶĻµǹѡ
ˮǣصֻһԹZ7Ǳǣ֮⣬
Z7ǱĵΪȽǱǣǱеˮǣܹصϡ
ֻҶĻȷ۳˶ʮ֮󣬵ٶѿһ̨ոµZ7ǱǳҶĻǰ
Ǳװռ䴢ָҶĻڻص˵ע»˳ȥ
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ͻȻʱҶĻͨѶ
ͨѶһҶĻ̱¶˾ȵɫ
˸һţȻҶĻȵȴǣ񷢸ġ
֪Դһηֱ֮󣬳ҶĻÿһʺ֮⣬ûҶĻعţ⻹ҶĻһյš
ʮţǵ㡣
ʮ𣿡ͨѶҶĻüͷʱ䲻࣬Ҫץˣϱ֮󣬻ҪȥɱڳǺԬ
ܹӵ˶ԴԬΪɱӵеԴƱһҪ࣬ټǱ̬ɱ¾츳ûɶλԾǨһսұɡ
мᶨ֮ɫ֣ҶĻ𣬳Ϸķ˹ȥ
ʮ󣬰һ΢죬ҶĻǱǽ


296 ɱλԾǨ
ʮһţʮһ롣

һ󾢷һ߲غս߻ⴵһ̣صĴǰһӣҶĻ
ʮһ룬Ǹˡ˿ͨѶϵʱ䣬ҶĻһ
ˮ֮ҶĻٶŻ߼ٸǸˣʱ˰ҹʮ㣬ҶĻûлصصбĻôϵͳ۳۳һʮϵͳĬҶĻҪˮǶһµʱ䡣
ʱеֱȥǱ߱˳УΣİپҪ㵽֡
ûκͣЪҶĻشţ㳯ŵܶǱ߷ٸ˹ȥ
غս߸ܶӵǶʮСʱԱְƣԱ֤ʱطǿ˰Լȡʡ
ǶʮСʱҹʮһ֮࣬Ҳûмˣ˹Ա֮⣬ҶĻֻУǿ
ǰҶĻٶȽԼ¼һԵİ칫֮С
ţôͷ
üͷһվڰ칫ҶĻӺߣЩɻ
еĹԱְƣǰҹôͷ
ףСӡҶĻʱԭڿֽҲ̧ͷ
ܲż²Сֳˡ˵ͷߵһ˿⣬ôҹУ
ǵģǰɷ񡣡˹֣ҶĻӵĶ档
ͷʮʱ䣬СӵٶȾԿŽǰ˵ͷ߿ʼԵĳ淭
ǰüͷһҶĻвЩԾ
ҶĻĽٶΣҶĻûڻصмһģ˵ǺһһٶȵĶûȴ˵ҶĻŵУֻǰҲ˵ҶĻģڣҶĻпֻŵǰ滹ΪĹż
ҵˡͷ߽һ嵥ϡ
ʱУУǸսУͬҪΪУǿߣҪԶǿߵʵҪϣϾһ޴ϮǴǿߵʵҲܶ޴Ҫѧսϡ
ҪΪУǿߣ˵ţ߽嵥ƵҶĻǰ
ǡһ飬ҶĻ嵥
ոտ嵥ϵݣҶĻ㽫嵥ӳȥ
УնɱλԾǨޣצ
ǲô嵥ˣüͷҶĻһ𾪵Ŀǰߡ
𣿡ɻ󣬡նɱһֻλԾǨޣûɡ

סˣҶĻǳסˡ
λԾǨޣҶĻûкּĶֽ֣һֻոɶλԾǨҲһ
һλԾǨͶλԾǨ֮ĺ蹵ʵ̫ˣͺñһͨǰȥսһ㣬ͨ˶ͷͬҶĻҲûǰȥսλԾǨĴڡ
Сӣò˰ɣҶĻ߰˰֡
Уǿ˲ֶλԾǨܵĴڣ˿ȳ׳ԽߵıצҲᱻ˲ӲһᣬܲҲȥҪУǿִеģһͬնɱֻצǺϸ񡣡
ִУо֣ҶĻϽٴο˿е嵥
ͬ˵һ㣬嵥һдĵطҶĻе嵥ϣѾд˵֡
һֻոɶλԾǨûõıצһں£ʵԲĶ֣˵ĻǿһԣϾУģʵԶУǿߣϵõĻӦû⡭
Ժ˲漴ҶĻ˵ͷ
ǰҽˣʲôʱ
ϣ֮ǰѾ룬һ֪ͨǣ˵Ϳˡ
Уǰȸˡ
˹֣ҶĻת뿪˰칫ҡ

λԾǨޡڻȥ·ϣҶĻԼȭͷ
һֱҵʵڷҽֵǿڣҲֻǷսĶѣҴδͶλԾǨĴڽ֡
ãһδУҺͶλԾǨĴڽһ֣λԾǨǷͬŵһ
ϺúϢһ
Ե˵ͷҶĻӿ첽ԼСͱȥ
ҶĻصʱͬһִд˴ǿҲӵߵĶš
һҹһζ
峿ҶĻı˴˹԰ĳ֮ҶĻųǱ߶ȥ
ڲߵ룬˾ȻѾˡüͷһҶĻո칫ſڣ㿴칫֮վˡ
ӣһ˳úܸߣ2.2ףϵļ쳣׳˶һһ㣬˵ҶĻ嵥Ѿˣθա
һҲ߲1.9ףȴЩݣվϹһ˿΢Цǳ⣬ҶĻΪעģӱһϸת־ѻǹ衣
ҶĻ벻һִ㡭ʱθѾһҶĻ
Ҷ֣ԭǻڵĴ˴ôɣ㣬Ǿͷˡϴ΢ЦһЦ˵
ҶĻǰһʱھϱƽսĵսʵֲ̫Ȼ˵ҶĻսкܴˮ棬صеȴ֪˶ҶĻǺͷսһεĴڣ۷Уǿߡ
θպҲһ˶ΪҶĻ۷Уǿߣڵ֪˴˴ĺҶĻʱ쳣˷ܣѾһ㡣
λˣ˴Ĺؼ˵ϣֻϺ˲ܹצնɱǰҶĻʮǫ˵
ˣȻѾۣڿԿʼִˡӺ˵ϸУʮʱɱֻצʮ֮ûлĻʧܣһʧܣһ֮޷ٴΡ
ס
˵ͷͬ˵漴һ뿪˰칫ҡ
֮⣬ͣóһŵͼ
Ҷ֣֣Ǵ˴ִеص˵ţָ˵ͼϵĺ㡣
εȻ˵ͷϷǻɱλԾǨޣצȴҲˣҪǵĳ;ϮսߺǵĸڵĻؼԶͨŽȫϮٶȣҲҪʮҲܹҪڹ涨ʱ񣬱ҪڵߺǵĻҰϿȡ
ҰϿԭֻһߺǵͨԳأҲǼֻͨľŽޣڶһֻצûбҪа֡
Ҫǳ;ϮԼģĺ˵ŴҶ㹻XD3ӪҺȴе⣬ǱҪһЩָҩ


297 צ
֪ҵǷӵлָҩ˵ţ迴ҶĻˣʮʱ俴ܳ㣬ʵĻʱܽԱǶʱڻָҩ
û⣬ϻм֧ҶĻ˵ͷ
ҶĻϴͨʱһǧ֧󣬻ʣʮ֧ÿó
Ҳû⣬Ȼûô߼ĶϻһЩܹڰСʱڻָҩӦùˡθ˵
СʱĻˡ˵ţ˵ͼҲжʱָҩȻҶѾ׼ȫˣǾͳɡ
һۣ漴첽Żشſ˹ȥ
ִޣ֮Ѿʼ𽥵ݼ˱Ҫץʱ䣬֮ڸϵߺǵĻҰϿȡ
ֻһ󾢷紵˴̤ԼٶԶ񱼶ȥ
ǸУεǿߣٶȱѾԽ˼ǿߡüͷһҶĻԵ˲ЩԾ
ҶĻʱٶΣԲԲǴԲħҺһԼ˫ȵľ˵ҶĻٶѳԽͨľŽ׼ǿߣҶĻڱʱѾʹ˰˳ɵٶȣŽ׼ǿȫеٶȻҪϲ٣ȻθպȴܹҶĻĽŲ
ɼ˵ٶҲѾԽ˼ǿߡ
ҶĻԾʱҲڳԾ˱ʱѾʹȫǿҶĻĽŲҶĻʱȴһɣȻûʹȫ
ܹƽ۷УǿߵţεӦþûʲôˡ
̬˵ѹҲ˲˲١

ߺսǣغսҲҰϿߺԵشһϿȡ
ǰҰϿǼֻŽ޵ĵ̣л߽ޣϿȵеʮȶߺڶ߽׽ߵԳأ񣬻ҰϿȵȴûκһ߽׽ߴڡ
˿̣ڻҰϿȵΧһС̾ţС֮һˣȫǸ߽׽ߣͷһŽ׽ߡ
Ը磬˵ҰϿȵгһֻλԾǨıצҪȥʶʶһΰСӶͷľŽ׽˵
ߣҪԼȥλԾǨޣּĴڸͲǿַģƾǵʵ춼˵ţͷľŽǿҡҡͷ
Ϳһ۶ѣҳôûʶνĶλԾǨأΰСһĿŲԶϿȡ
ˣǰ֪ͨһ߲ǱնɱֻצǿѾ·ˣȵһ߲ӵǿߵ֮ǻԶһǺͱצսΡ
ڣԲУǱצǣǶȻڴˡ
˵գŽǿ߱Ҫת뿪
һ߲ӵǿߣһǿı̬ҡҡͷΰСӱҪ뿪
䡭
ͻȻ쳣ǿѹ޷Ϣ֮Զ
֮ĳ֣ʹͣ˽Ų֮ķȥ
ֻԶӰԼٶŻҰϿ߼۶ǿޱȵ֮˵ɢģҶĻˣĿ񱼣ҶĻǸϵ
ݣûô̬֮Ȼ֮ǿüͷһ˸ϽڵأԶѹ
ǴԲȫǴԲǿߡͷľŽ׽ԼʶȽϹ㣬漴ó˸߱Զ
Զȥ̱㷢ҶĻ˵š
˾Ȼһ߲ӵǿߡ棬Ž׽߾ֱ˳
ɣԸ磬һ߲Ž׳ǿߣǶλԾǨǿߡһԵһҲ˳ҪʰλԾǨĴڣŽ׳ǿ𣿡
֪ڻȷǲһ߲ʰצǿߣʰצģҲ֣һ߲ǿߵʵԶܹ⡣
ͺñȾŽ׳ǿߣЩŽ׳ǿߺǣҲУд඼ǴУΣǵһ߲ӣпһУζ̲Ǻһ߲֮䣬ûпɱԡ
㿴˼ϵĻ£Ƕһ߲ӵУǿߣһʵҪԶǵľŽ׳ǿߣǵʵ˵ܹצնɱ

ͬһʱ䣬ҶĻҲСӣ˲ûжᡣ
ǰǻҰϿˣͣϢᣬһٶ֡ͣ½Ų辶ֱߵһԵľʯ
λԾǨޣצǿ
ǰǾ޴ĻҰϿȣҶĻ鲻
һϢһɼΪϸ΢ȴޱǿϢǶλԾǨеϢ
˿̣ҶĻǸܵϢܹ֪ϿȵеıצƲǡ
Ҷ֣צǿҲֻֻҪϵõŽû⡣ҶĻļθһЦ˵
ǺǺǣζȻҪնɱ˵ţҶĻһ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
ʱ䲻ˣУεİپҪ㵽֣һʧܣ㵽İپĻҲҪһҵʱ䡣
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漴һԭصȡԼ״̬ѡ
С֮ٶȳ
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ְɡ
һۣҶĻθ˼Ͽ񱼶ȥ
ʱֻצʮֵţûԼĴ㣬Ͽ⣬ҶĻ˶ܹܵϢϿ֮ǹϢΪȷˡ
˳Ϣָӵʱ䣬˱˾צһǧ׵ĵط
һǧһ޶ȣ˽ԼһǧףǱצǶλԾǨĴڣҲ޷
˵ֻצԭֻǻҰϿȵеһֻͨŽޣһصɱ˶λԾǨʵĶλԾǨޡ
ȿһ
߱ԶҶĻ÷̱㿴һǧ׿ıצ
ֻھһǧ׿һŴϣ˿ſһͷʹ׳ѩ׵ޡ
ֻƱǱƻǻߵĽһ㣬ͷҲ쳣ĹŹ֣ͬͷһһ£Եʮ
עĿģֻµǿŴ
ҶĻȷֱԼһҵĴΪͨȻʱȴһñȫһ㺮ţΧʮڵĵطȫһ㺮ǣһеԴͷֻޡ
ɢĺ⵼һС
ȻǶλԾǨıצüͷҶĻԶ̫⣬ϺõĻӦû⡣


298 
ֻצ峤ֻףɢĺҲֻɢʮףʵӦúͨĳ׳Խ߲࣬пܻһ˿
ôҲ˶λԾǨĴڣӵмǿƿ򣬻ӵĶλԾǨԼλԾǨ֮ʡ
ܵġ
˵ţҶĻתǹ˳
θգ͵ǿߣļΪŵ츳Ҳ͵ģѹȥһʵһ֧Ųסٳ֡
ҶĻһˡθȵĿҶĻ
ҪһҺͶλԾǨ޼ĲࡣҶĻ˵ͷ
ףҶ;ְܶɣƸߵʱ֧Ԯ㡣ʱ֮
ʱԶ¶ſţѾռҰϿȵƸߵ㣬ʱҶĻоѻ֧Ԯ
Ǳ˴Ĵָ漴ֻҶĻһűצǱ߾ֱ˹ȥ

ˣҶĻ˲䣬צҲˣΪλԾǨĴڣҶĻĲͶûκôҶĻһ㷢ҶĻĴڡ
𡭡
һͻȴֱȻХҪԱצ
һ˲䣬ҰϿȵҵǸ߽ޱŵ֮졣
һС
üͷһոצһ׵λʱҶĻ㷢Լƽ̶һ㣬ȫܵޱȳء
ǶλԾǨеƿ
Ѳצ˶λԾǨĴڣƿȷսҪǿö࣬սƿİ뾶ֻʮףȴһף̶ҲȷսҪǿһαƽսʱҵʵͬŲСĲ࣬սĵƿѹһʵҵʵ֮ƿҲܹѹһʵ
һͨ
üᶨ֮ɫҶĻͨ1.5Ǿֱűצѹ˹ȥ
צ˿ȴվԭأδ֣ͷһ˿Ϸ֮ɫȻʮֿҶĻ
һ̣צѪȴſˣԼٶҶĻ
֮֮ܵ쳣ǿҵѹƣһ˲䣬ƿܱһ롣
ͻȻֵһ˿־壬ϾŸոɶλԾǨһ¶ѡ
ȻŸոɶλԾǨ֮ûüʹԲ֮޼
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𣬾ڱצ׼ոҶĻʱֻηˣԳԽҶĻ޵ٶȣ˾ҶĻʮ׵ĵط
һףڱצԭվĵط֪ʱһףĽ

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ֵǴʲô֪ԽõĵطԽ࣬ǶλԾǨ֮
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300 
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˶Ȼ֪Ϸʲô飬ʹʮ㣬ȴѡ˶֡Ŀź˶ຮЩм˵ΪܶӶλԾǨµǿѡ֮һຮ׵ʵսҲֻһ˶ǰֻһУǿߣຮ׶ں˶ʮֵĲм
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ˣҪҲӱϼ
һƬӵУຮ׾¾ޣŵܶǱ߶ȥûκ˹עֻʧߡ

ʱ䲻ˣץʱص֮УҶĻһƿ˳
ŲƿӵеɫҺ壬ҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц
嵱һа˵Ϊ˫ȣ˫ۣСز׵Ѩ
˵ȥѨ֮⣬߸ԲǰĽ򿪣ѨһҪʣزСͼ׵ļ
ȰСľ򿪡
˵ͷҶĻڵأ°˷ݵ裬漴㿪ʼСľ
Сľʱͬ˫ۺ˫ȣ˫ۺ˫ҪһΪӵĶСľȴֻҪСкԷӵĺСľ
ֻҶĻڵأźСһһĳصļһ㡣
ʱţҶĻĺҲԽԽأСҲԽԽʮӺҶĻÿһκܹһҶĻ緢


301 
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һֻ֣ҶĻСͻȻ漴һ
ΣҶĻ˫ۡ
ǴͨСľȽò΢΢һЦҶĻ˲ͷϵĺˮ
ͨؿڵľؿڣСͼ׵״ͨһûʲôʹࡣ
һԵ裬ҶĻһκ˰˷ݵٶȿʼ
ͨؿڣ׵λķʽС޼ͨĺûκεʹࡣ
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ʮӺҶĻ쳣˳ĽλľȫͨҾԵʮ㡣
һ̣ҶĻȴ
ѨһҲѵһ裬ҶĻıԵʮ࣬ͨľͨǿ߶ʮѣǿһηŽͨҲѶȣѨλãͨʱҪСģһע⣬пܻʹôԳѪ˲вǿΪͨѨʱעɥӡ
Ȼ˵ѾȫƿҪСģСģСģԲܳ⡣
мᶨ֮ɫҶĻһȹʣµ裬漴ֻҶĻͷ£ͷΪ֧㵹

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ֱʱҶĻѨǳһ˿仯ҶĻĺֻҶĻԺѨȻʼ
һӣӣӡ
ʱһһţҶĻԺѨһһĹ𣬵ȵٴιʮӺҶĻԺѨ˿Ѿһˡ
ȻΪֲȴҶĻѾ˺ɫͷ͹Ǽѿ
顭
ڣһҶĻĶС
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ϢϢߵÿһڴԲ˲䣬λԾǨʱ֮ǰԲʱڴʧȥʶ״̬ԸλԾǨ
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ͷһƿħҺ£ҶĻٶȱ˫ۣʼ˶λԾǨ
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ʱţҶĻֵķ֣һڿţǲĻҲ𽥰
ܷŹһλᣬһܡ
ûκԥҶĻٴóһƿħҺٶȽ¡
µħҺҶĻ֮һͲĻ̱ȶҶĻҲһѰһıԴ
һӣӣӡ
ʱһһţҶĻʱĴһ㣬ֻ֪ȥѰԺһıԴ
⼴ȥҶĻһƿħҺѰңٴȥʱҶĻһκħҺһѰңһֱѭš
ʱ䣬ҶĻԺѾʧȥʱĸҶĻǵùȥ˶ãҲǵԼ׺˶ħҺֻǱĿѰһıԴ

֪ùҶĻ˫ۣĺһ漴һ˿΢ЦҶĻϡ
߸Уԭǵ߸СȭͷҶĻԼľ״̬ʮֵ˷ܡ
ͬһ߸ҲӵԤ֪߸еԤ֪ȴ͵мʱһ޶߸еıȴȵҪһΣӵе߸еĴڣκεҲ޷֪˵мΪʲôҸо߸лȴʹ
ƿ򣬶Ȼƿǵ߸еûжλԾǨʣҼ˵߸УҲֻܹѹƵжѣͬУǿսʱûжá
˵ţҶĻҡҡͷ
ףôôƿӣҵ׺˶ħҺŵϵƿӣҶĻͻȻסˡ
ڵԭװħҺĿƿӣ˵Ҳһٶ
ħҺǿס˻򲨶͵߸е⣬Ҳûõôɡ
üͷһҶĻϽóͨѶ˿ʱ䡣
ʮߺţȻѾʱ䣿ɴ˫ۣҶĻֱ˳
ǺǺǣħҺǿ߸УĵħҺܶ࣬ЧҲԶԶЩսǿߣһķʱ䣬սгһĻȻǿҪǿʮһսᣬ̱ܹ߸С
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ԶĳţҶĻ˵Լٶųſڳ˹ȥ

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սѾһˣҲ֪ûʶҡվڳſڣҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц漴̤սǡ
ͬҶĻһ㣬ʱսǣѾûжʶˣټҶĻһ߲ӵĴУڴϣûעҶĻ
ϾҶĻ⽫һʱ䣬һ߲˻죬ս߳˸߲֮⣬û˹עһ߲ӵ飬Ѿ𽥽ҶĻˡ
Ҫ˶ã˽ٴμҡŽֵˣҶĻЦҡҡͷ漴ֱǱ߶ȥ
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303 
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ߣҿҲ͵ΪֹˣͬһҪڶλԾǨĴǰܳһʱ䣬ǰѵһľţȻ֮ڣҲһУѡ
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307 ػ𹹼
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308 ʵ
·ϣҶĻĶãóͨѶԼĿػ𹹼ܡ
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ʱӢҶĻѾȫӡ
ȥҶĻԿһɴѪɫɫӢ꣬ƵӢ룬ҲǿŹͳǿ޵ڵء
©Ӣ룬ҶĻһŴѪɫɫţ֮ûκ㣬ƻԲһһ㡣
ˣҶĻڿŵ˲䣬ԺоȻ˷һĸоޱ޼ʡ
ǿߣֻҵĸоͬһ޶ȫǴ󽫼ĴڣֲǶ޲ߡ
ˣּعǿλԾǨµĴڽӢ껹˵ǽȥ˵Ὣһɱ
ƹȥɡ


309 ӥ
ҡҡͷҶĻջߣƿӢ꣬Ƕȥ
ӢǼľ룬ҶĻ˵ǺܽģУСʱ֮ҶĻǿǹӵĳš
ҶĻڳſڵ˲䣬ΧˣЩ׼ǵĽߣȫĿ⼯ҶĻϡ
ʱҶĻѾԼеϢһۿȥҶĻһͨһ㣬ΨǲͣܵĻû
һͨˣȴһ鶯ޱȣӵһĽɫ棬һ˵ߡ
ͨ˿ҶĻ򵥣һߣȻЩȴͬһʱһ£ҶĻǶλԾǨľǿڣһʱ䣬пҶĻĽߣȫ¶𾴵ɫ
ҵΪ˵ע⡣
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ҡҡͷҶĻδ˵Ŀ⣬ֱӴҡڵ߽ǡ
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ӺҶĻʧ˳ſ˵߷Χ֮ڡ
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ʮӣʮӵʱ䣬ҶĻΪλԾǨǿߣǵ飬ʹǡ

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δŵļͦġźĸۡҶĻ˵ͷ
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ҡҡͷҶĻ˫ۣ˿ػ𹹼ܡ

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311 ҫ
ҶĻһ߲ӴУݣҪϵǵľܼ򵥣һ绰ܹ㶨
绰֮ҶĻǰѸ˹ǹ漴ת뿪˱
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ҶĻΪĵһţ֮ͬȷʵܹȼ磬Ҳ㹻͡
С飬Ҳˡ
˵꣬ҫᾶֱ뿪˴
㶯ִ벻ŵļƾȻ֮øֶٰ̽ҡŷҫȥıӰҶĻҲһ
СӣĸҶҶײǻĵһš
ŴЦӥǰҶĻļ
á΢΢һ㶣ҶĻ˿ٿ˿ӥ漴Ƥ˳
ãȻãǿ˵Ůܲá
Һ
˵ţӥҶĻһԵ˹ȥ
ԭ쳣ŵӥĺ£̼ʧȡֵ֮ա
ҶĻг֮ʱѾ˳ȥ

ңʵڵ֪ҶĻѾΪ߽׳ԽʱѾҶĻûзҫ谭ҶĻͬӥ̱ĵȻټСһֱ࣬ɢ˿
࣬ҶĻڰָ㣬ѰӰ
û£ϲѼｨɹŴʽլҪǲϤĻ治ˡ
Ӧþˡ
ǰСţҶĻ΢΢һЦ漴˽ȥ

СźҵĺԺҶĻո̤ľ
ֻɫսֳִصںԺ֮ĳļԴصϴġ

ҶĻ˵еĴصֱ㳯ҶĻ˹
ιıɱ׷򰡡
üͷһҶĻ˫һϣ˲㽫Ĵصסͬʱֱϣ˻С
ʱʵ֮ǰŲСĳҶĻ߽׳ԽߵʵȴҪԶ
ҶĻڻУͶá
ſңåſҡҶĻֱϵḻ̌
ʲô˶ͬˣҲ˵һͬ⣬ͼ޸ңұ㣬쾭塣ҶĻһЦ˵
ſء
ҶĻţͻȻֻо촽һȣ̱סˡ
ǿǣҶĻۼ죬˿Ļᣬ̱ǿȥ
룬֮ҶĻŷſ񣬲ڷſ֮ǰҶĻνռ˱ˣϵģϵġ
㡭ָѾ˿ҶĻŭ⣬ǰһһҶĻһ
ߡ
ҶĻһۣ漴ֱ뿪ֻҶĻһӰ
Ǹ㶨ˣСȴø㶨
ŵ飬ʵǿң¶˵ͻῳңڶҿ˵Ǽûʲôо
鷳㶨ø㶨ֻˣá


313 һ
ߵ㣬ѾЩƫˣ֮£ҶĻֱȥӥΪ׼ķ֮С

ҴԺϲķ֮У˿̷ҫɳϡ
СҶСȻռӣſСӻͦġԣҫһ֮ǰԵúС
СΪ㣬һóĶۣҴڶײӦҲһǸѪԵĺӣټʵԼŵ츳
Сӿ˵㣬ڹؼͿˣҪǶСкøУͰȶɡ
˵ţҫģһĹػ
ʱͬҫһһҲǰӣôǿʤһԱſڷҫϣ촽һ˼
ôԸ⣿ˣҫЦʵ
ҪǲԸ⣬û˸ұ㣬⹫ǸȻ˲ôڣϣû˸ұ㡣
ǡҡҡͷ
տʼʯ淢ǼʱȷʵһҪɱĳ嶯
ֱ۶գͰһҺ͵ҵУ֮ұһԵ̬벻ټϡ
˵ţ
֮Ҷ˵ᣬҲû̫ĺøС
ţҸô찡
СӣǳҸ軵ˡļ򣬷ҫ᲻¶һ˿΢Ц
ⶫ˭Ҳ˵׼СӶͦõģԼúÿǿǰɡ
ʵڲУȷţһСҲܲˣʲôʱͨˣš
ˣǱѾ㰲ź͹ȥɡ
š˵ͷſڷҫϣĳ˼

֪ǺʱҶĻҲЩķ
ȥҲǰ취¾㱸ֻǷ磬С椵Ķȴǳٳٲ
С椵ƢҲе󣬱׼ĳӲ
ʱҾסˣôսȻѾ˵ãȴõսһʱôҾͲҸ㲻
ôУӲģǿʱ򣬸оͦ
˵ĻӲʩ
ϾͶ֡
˵ͷҶĻ˫ۣʼԼ
ľãֻҶĻֳŵɫ棬ͬʱþŵɫӵĹܡ
һҹڻĹһζ
ڶһ磬ҶĻ֮󣬱ķſڡ
ô
ո߳ţͿվҶĻ
㰡ôҲδţȥһ䡣˰֣ҶĻһӦ
ûʱ䣬һҪȥ
ⶫʲôʱһ߰ɡ
˵ţҶĻҲӦһסС֣㳯ҵĴŶȥ
ҶĻСǳ󣬶ǿν쳣˽⣬Ҳ𲻴ӦȤĵطת
죬ʱ䣬ҶĻǿнȥСʱȥĵط
쵱УȻЩ̫Ըϣȴѵõĳһ˿΢Ц
ĳܺǲĳʵ̫ˣټһҵʱӥС㽫ķǳãСǳҪǿ˵С˵ļ໤Լ̿жɹġ
ҶĻһȥ棬飬ûˣҶĻҲԲһСʱΰɡ
ȻҲֻҶĻ޳£Żˡ
磬ҶĻǿнαװȥһͨ˴򣬺Сɳվһ¥ĵźȵȵȵȣһϵн޷󣬸о쳣ɵ飬ҶĻ˳

ʮ¾źţϰ˵ӡ
ʱҶĻվһ¥ǣ˵߰ڷһЩɢɢʳ
ɡС֣ҶĻһ΢ЦĿ·ҹ
δ˵ʲôֻǾĿ·ȴһ˿˼֮ɫȻʲô顣
ڱҶĻס֣Ҳѣ˵ʵ̫ټҶĻƤ޷ѣֻҶĻš
¥ߵ¥֮һٲңСʱҾͻһܹվ¥һǡ·ҶĻһ˵СʱҺֻĲҾҲȥ
ҳ˳Եĺ֣ûʸΪ¥νȨ׼ܹĵطһСӸûʸ¥
ڵоͦģľɫ
˵ţҶĻ˻ϡ
һǵҵһμʱΡ
ţüͷһҶĻĻ̱ע⡣
ҵһμ㲢ڲشǣУֻһͨĵͽ׽ߣӴĽ߶鵱Уڵ׵ĴڣеĽ䣬ۿ潫öռ䴢ָЩ߽׽߻ҺҺĽ㣬ȴǾޡ
оƯԱ֮ΪǸʱҾͷģҪȢһš
벻Ŷ̶̼ʱ䣬ҵͲʵˡ
Ŷػһ䣬ǰҶĻȴпһ˿ȡ
ǺǺǡ
ЦҡҡͷҶĻת·
һʱ䣬˾վûһ˿졣
ϲ𣿣죬ͻȻʵ
Ǵ˫ۣҶĻƬ̡
滰Ǽٻ
滰ҶĻһһ˵
滰һμ㣬ֻһֵռڶڲش㣬һֱǴ춨󽫵ĹԱ߷Ǽ£ʱҲ֪ǲϲ㣬ֻǸоȻ飬Ҫ㸺𣬶㳤ôƯҲͦõģǰ쵽ʱҲһ
ҶĻĻ£ϳһ˿Եͷ
ҿȷҺϲ㣬Ϊ⼸й䣬ҷһ棬ԭС㲻ŴصˣҲЦСʱҲųȥ룬Ҳ˸Уܹʽ浽һ飬ܿɰһҪһбĳ嶯
ԣڿԺܸĸ㣬ϲ㡣
ĬҶĻ˵֮ͷ֪ЩʲôٶȳĬ
Ӻ̧ͷ
ҪϲңͼŬɡҶĻɫǰδе档
Ǹ߽׳Խߣ⻹ԶԶҪǿʵ
֮꣬ҪܹңҾͼ޸㡣
һģҾͻ뿪ǡ
˵꣬ҲҶĻʲô̬ż΢̧˫ҶĻ촽һ㣬漴뿪
ǺǺǡԼ죬ҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц


314 
ҡȥĵطҶĻ˵ͷ
꣬Ҳãɣڵʵ̫֮࣬󣬻ʱ򡣡
ʮ¾źţˡ
̧ͷ˿ϵ£漴ҶĻҴԺǱ˹ȥ

峿̫ŸոŮӱҵĴȻһ·ǵĶŶȥͷҫᡣ
Ҳʱ뿪ˡ
վҸ¥Ŀ뿪֮ҶĻҵĴ
ʱӥڴ֮ò͡
ҶĻһ԰ɡҶĻӥ˵ҪҶĻ¡
ˣһ飬Ҫ뿪ˡҶĻ˰֡
ôҪߣòῴСˣͷɡ
ôܣδüͷһҶĻϽ˵飬ڳǱһλСǰѾԼңǰȥڳǸᣬĥʱҲˣԡ
ڳǡҪȥڳҲһٷĹ򣬳ߡ˵ţӥֱҶĻ
ҡҡͷҶĻҲΪΣֻܺӥ򸾳һٷ
˵ʱҶĻŻ̤ǵıš
ڳλʵֱһ·ȥ·ϵ޼ҼҪ˱ᣬȫеĻܹϵڳǡ
߹ȥɣʮʮţʮʱ䣬ûκθŵ£ҲеٶȣʮӦþܸϵɱڳǡ
ңػ𹹼ҲҪȻ˵ʵǿȻܵģҵĻܶ࣬һԳΪ߽׳ԽߣԬΪɱδر٣˵ҲһԳΪ߽׳Խߡ
ҪһɱУػ𹹼ܱҵɱС
ѡ񹹼ܵӵǿһ֣ӵǿȴҲѹܣڣҹһӵҲҪʮҵʱ䡣
ȡڵڳ֮ʱӵܵٶѹһ룬һɲǡ
˶ҶĻһ߿żϵĽɫйܣһ߳ɱڳǰ

ҶĻʵԼɢϢһ·еȫ˱ᣬ˶λԾǨҲ⡣
λԾǨ̶ֳȵޣǻѾ࣬Ȼýֻ֮ҪҶĻǣҲȥҶĻ
ʮ죬ʮʱ䶼ҶĻĲ¶ȹ
ڳǡԶڳǸʵĳǽԼſһʮľ޽ҶĻûκԥֱųſڶȥ
ֱߣҪᴩڳǡ
ͬʱһģһҶĻոڳǵĳſڣڶߵĿ⡣
Щ˵Ŀ⣬ȴҶĻüͷ
ȡ
档
Щ˵Ŀ⾹ȻǾȺͺ棬ǾǿλԾǨǿʱ𾪡
֣ڳǲսǣĶλԾǨǿ߱Ƚ϶࣬Ҳ˰ɡüͷҶĻЩɻˡ
ˣЩһλԾǨߵ̬ҺθɣϿȥɱڳǲ
ҡҡͷҶĻǰȥ
ţ
˫һҶĻһüͷ
̸
˿̣ڳǳſڵĽ߾ȻС̸ҶĻСȴҶĻλ߽׳Խߡ
ҶĻȻڽ߽սԬҶĻˡ
ʲô˼ҶĻǱĻĵһţ㿴ӣǶλԾǨľǿߣӵȱ£Ϊβ
λԾǨľǿΣҶĻϸûдԬԬΪ˴ֶġ
οǰʱɱڳǱѾϢԬҲ˶λԾǨ
ҶĻǲԾɲԬĶ֣ԬϹ䣬ʵܹԬ˶λԾǨû۵£ȻԬĶ֡
Ԭڳ߰ѵһľţ츳֮ǿһĻĵһҲ̾磬ҿҶĻǱɣˣҲֻǶˡ
ҿǶ˴Ȼᱻ˵ŵУܹ֮Ϊŵĸ֣ѾȫۼɱڳǣŹۿҶĻԬսʱҶĻһսܣǱŵǰսܣһͿأпһӶ޷ٴվ
һûղҶĻıʮ㣬ͬΪλԾǨľǿߣ˭Ҳ޷жԬ֮ӮԬˣɲһ˵⣬ڳǵӶᱻ
ʱҲҶĻû취սһ߲ӵˣλǰȡ
Ŷ߲ҶĻҡҡͷֱǰȥ
ʱҶĻüȴһ˿ء
벻벻
ԬȻһƽƽıԣŪǽ֪ڳǵǰȥս
ƣƣڳǵƣۣԼ·ϱƣͬʱҲܹԼƵޡ
ս֮ʱԬʵ̬ս⣬ﵽǰδе۷塣
һˣµһͿأѾԼ˾·޷ƣôӭı¡
ڳǵĵһţԾȻ֮ˡ
̾˿ҶĻͣ˽Ų
Ҫһ£ԬڱԼֺγڱңѾһ˿ңҪһ˿ѹסȻĻ½ʱıҡ
ԬѾǰʱ˶λԾǨʼʱʮа˾Ǻһ޶ĸ߽׽ߡ
ɫҶĻֱ߽ԼľƵ꣬һ䷿Լ̬

Ƿ꣬Ƿꡣ
ԬС֮ǰصɱڳʱѾԼҶĻ׾Ϣ˳ȥΪԼơ
ʱڳǱ㿪ʼ׵ľҶĻһֱδڳǣҲֻһʱδ۷塣
գҶĻڳǣһԶλԾǨǿߵڳǡ
һСʱ̶һСʱ֮ҶĻΪλԾǨǿߣڳǵϢͨ;ڳǣ˶ʼ˼ʼľ
һʱ䣬Ƿꡣ
Ŷʱɱڳ֮еˣҲ֪һϢ
ɱڳɱڣɱС
һֻһɫӵ˸ոշеͨѶҶĻĶ֣Ԭ
ҶĻǵˡ
ΪһѾԼƵ˾·ϡ
һҪӮһҪڶŵΧ½ҶĻնɱ
ɱնɱһж֣ܹԼκӰԼҪȱɱ֮ġ
һΣһУѾƣ˼ޣֻҪܹնɱҶĻŵΧնɱܹƳµӰܹһױȵƣҵʵһԽߵļޣƳĴš
ҶĻɡ
ȭͷԬɱУѾ˿˿Ѫ⡣
Ǻ⣬Ѫ⣬նɱ֮õѪ⡣

һԬڵϣٴοʼȫĵ


315 һ
ʮʮţ峿ŵӡ
ھƵ귿еҶĻ˫ۡ
ţԵţҶĻһĽѾȫԬʱµӰ
һʱ䡣˵ͷҶĻվ
ֱȥɱڣԬ
Ԭ˴Ѿ۷壬ҼƶҵӰ죬ɱ֮ⲻᱻӰ죬Ͼƣڳǵصġ
ŵΧۣҪǰӦκһ˿
άԼ̬ҶĻֱ˾Ƶ꣬ɱڳȥ
ҶĻɱڳȥʱڳǵУҲڳɱڳǶȥ
ԬƣѾ˼ս˹غڳĵزʱǿ߶ۼڳǣۿ˵ľ

糿ŵӳҶĻᴩڳǣҰһֱ࣬ſִɱڳǡ
ǿɱ
վɱڳǵĲԶҶĻԳдɱüͷ
ЩɱɱڳǴģɱڳǵ룬ɱڳǵеǿţɱڵдġ
ܹӵǿɱɱ֮жȻƣؼǿޱȣԬʵ
ɱڳ֮е˺ܶ࣬Ǹ֣ǳĶ࣬Щȫǰۿյսġ
Ƚȥ˵
˵ͷҶĻһ·߽ɱڳǵĳš
˳Ŵֱλڳɱڶȥ
ҶĻ߽ŵ˲䣬λڳſڵڶ߱ѾߺˣȫҶĻÿ·ؿҶĻһһɱڶȥ
ɱɱڳǵǿţλڳ룬ռ㣬ռƽƳгǡ
ڳǵľţʽǹŴʽģɱڵĽȴǱ׼ִ
ΪɱǼѧԣʵã黪׷Ķ
սǣҶĻӦԬ֮룬ǰᡭ
ߵɱǾ޴ĺϽ⣬ҶĻóԬơ
Ҷ֮ǰѾŹˣֱӴȥ׼õĿͷ
롭
˹֣ŵһλ˽׽ҶĻ˿Ĳ
ˣֱӴȥսأҹҶĻ˰֡
õģҶ롭
˵ͷλ˽׽߲û˵ʲôǰΪҶĻ·
˽׽ߵĴ£˳ɱڵеĺĴһ·ֱУδκ·һֱʮͣ
ʱҶĻǰһռزһ򳡴Сľ޴̨
̨ɳӲȵ޹ǺϽƣܽп̨һԻŸָߵεϢԵü档
Ҷɱս֮ʱǫ̃ս￪ʼ˽׽߽ܵ
š
˵ͷҶĻδ˵ʲôֻһԾ̨ϡ
ֱʲСȻȫǹǽӵļŽµĺϽ棬ҶĻĵ˵ͷ
ҾȰɡ
漴ҶĻֱ̨룬˫ۡ
ҶĻ̨֮ǰһˣȻҶĻ²ʮӵʱ䣬̨ϱȴѾһˡ
һ
ҶĻһ㣬̶̰Сʱʱ䣬̨ܱѾۼǧˡ
ǧ˵УɱڵˣȴǱԬţڳžųϵš
ЩŵУΪ׵ӡ
һӵĳΪ㣬һ֮һӵȴΪ׳˶Դһһ㡣
վŵǰһ߽
Դ׳ΪѦһ߽ĻĵһţΪգһ߽ĵڶ
ѦʵΡѦļ򣬿һʵ
˵ѦüҡҡͷԭΪҶĻ˶λԾǨҲ̫ȴû뵽ȻǺһ޶ĸ߽׳Խߡ
ͬΪ߽׳ԽߣֻܹǿоǿȺ֮ΪλԾǨڵǿֶΣҸ޷֪
ˣԬ˵ҶĻΪ졭
߽׳Խߡüͷһյвһ˿֮ɫԬˣʱ꣬ȴѾһһֻһн׳Խߡ
һԬʤС˺ܶ࡭
ǰʱ䴫ԬɶλԾǨʱֻһн׳Խߡ
һ˵ţѦҡҡͷɱŵУǹɱǿţΪɱԬȻа취ڶٴԼʵټɱڵľԬı̬츳ҵΪԬʤܴһЩ
ˣԬ˴εΪѾԼ˾·յԬȻǿԬ
ңҲûаմյԬ

̸ʱɱҵУλǿҲ̸š
ļλǿߣȴȫͬɱ֮Ԭ༸ȫɱڵĹǸɣԼϡ
Щ˵УҲٽǿߡ
ԬھɱߵУ֪ʵѾ˺ֵزһüʵ
֪ǵ˼ԬͬҶĻһǸ߽׳Խߡ˵ţԬλҡҡͷ
СѾֹͣڵԼ״̬ⳡսʤҲ˵׼
ǻǷǸ˼ɣԬʹǵһʤˣ˵սһ߲Ǳ׷Сļɱ㲻ʹñ˵ı
Ҫ޳ļɱҪʵҶĻʹǵʤˣҲκͻƣ˴εҲǰ׷ˡ
˴ξҪҲ֪Ԭһ˵顣һ˵
ҶĻľѾ˹غڳĵزսܣڳʮ콻۵˲䵹ΪЦ
ʱҪʲôһϾɲɱڵ顣
Ļ䣬ڶֱԬȴľ
ΪڳǣܹӰԬģֻԬ
ǺǺǡŵֵǮԳһЦԬشӻóһźźϡ
źսڤдǰ͵ҵС
סǴ棬Ƕţױź
ΪλǿߵǰڳǵֵǮǿѡȥս
ԬĻ֮ҵж
ڤѣֵķʵ̫ˣֲսǵ֧ĵ֧ĵû˸ҵڤѡ
ҾãӦѡȥһǽһжԼϡ
˵꣬Ԭֱ뿪˻ҡ


316 ޷ѹ
ҶĻ̨롣
ʱţۼ̨ܿϵԽԽࡣ
һǧǧǧ
ҹȻɱڵлػ۶
ȵڶ賿ĵʱ̨ܵĿ̨Ѿˣа˳ɶɱڵеˣڳǵпŵ
ЩȫضҶĻҶĻ˿ûκζȴԸĿת
ѹܴ󡣡˫ۣҶĻͣ˷Ϣ
ҺЩǷһһӦʱ䣬Ȼҵ״̬пܻ»
ٹһСʱңҵ״̬Ӧþܹѡ
Բܳκһ˿
˫ۣҶĻԼ״̬
ʱٴһһĿʼš
峿ߵʮһ֣ߵƲʳһ˿죬ʮʮһŵ̫ʼ
ͬʱҶĻҲԼ˫ۣվ
ΪһɱԶһޱǿ󣬺Ƹһʵɱسƶ
ҶĻ˿̨̣ܱߵˣȫĿ׼Զ
Ԭ߶ģǴ˴ξķˣԬ
ȻһǸ߽׳ԽߡϢҶĻüͷ
Ǹ߽׳ԽߵݣҲãµ̨ʱʵᵽһ쳣ֲĵز
СʱƣԬȵıһ졣
˿̣ԬߵúΪʵΪΧơ
Ԭÿ̤һ̨ΧƣԼѹȣͬʱϵҲǿһ֣£޷첽ǰ
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Сʱһβ̫Զľ룬Ԭһֱ˰СʱŽ꣬ҶĻǰ
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·ҲҪԼǰıһ㣬ڼƵļޱ£Ԭ״̬Ѿǰδе۷壬˾·
޷˵ĳڲ޷˵ĳ£ԬѾ߽׳Խ߼޵֮Ȼٶȿʼ
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ʱһ֮ȴѾ1.5ĳ̶ȣڼޱȵ״̬£һﻹҪ֮ʱǰıϣ
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˿̣Ԭ֮ά˸߽׳Խ۷ĳ̶ȣ˿½

Ѫٶ֣Ԭƶħһ㣬кɫ׵˫־ֱҶĻǰ
Ԭһ֣û˿أưٷ֮һٶʮıԹ


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Ԭȴûȥôֻ࣬Ԭ˫һӣٶȳҶĻ˹ȥ
ǿǳǿʱԬӵ1.5ҶĻĳǿ֮ټٶȣԼɱڵؼʱҶĻʹû汬٣ԾɱԬҪһߡ
ֻһɲǵĹԬ˫۱ٶҶĻǰ
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һҶĻû˿£漴ֻҶĻ˫һһɽɫǰ
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һɻγɵǽڳҶĻǰ
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룬ӵʱ䣬Ԭ˫۱ѾͻҶĻĻǽ
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һ˼ɲǼ䣬öƻҶĻ̷ֱˣԬ˾롣
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ʹûм٣ҶĻƴȫԬľʱάʮҡ
ˡ
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ȻԬҲ㣬ҶĻУ߳Ԭһ㡣
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ΪԬڱϮʱϵŵƣ˫ִֵʱٶȻ½һء
ҶĻĶϸ˵Ӧý

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ųϵΧߣûϵԬȻôˣԬԼҲû뵽

һ߼ٺţԬһ߽ضҶĻû˿
ԬڶΧߵУҶĻŵֱ֮ʡ
죬Ԭ˵
벻㾹Ȼ˫ǿߣӣӦʹҺɶλԾǨİɡ
΢΢һЦҶĻδֻǾվ
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¼һЩ۷߽׳ԽߣֻҪԷʹǿҲܹʤ
ٺٺ٣˼˵ţԬЦԽǿҴʱõҲԽ̶ֳ࣬ȵ㣬ҶȻܹ·
ˣԬĻ䣬漴ҶĻԼΧߵУԬˡ
ƣʱԬȫˡ
Ԭϵɱ쳣Ũʵʵɱ
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ҶĻڸоɱ˲䣬һԼѾնɱĸоһֿȪ֮ŵĸо
ţһĹţҼֱͨˡΪһ컪ĵһŵѦĿЦ
ǺǺǣѦͨ˵Ļʲôϲģ˵ţͬЦ
ԬţѾһںϣɶλԾǨһʱ䣬Ѿںϣ츳
ⳡսҲʱˣںϵԬŸûóʵ
һĻĵһڶڿЦΧ۵Ҳ˶١
ʱе˶ѾԬסˣЩѾ˶λԾǨĴڣбҶĻ


318 Ʊ
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ãһﲻٶȱˣҲǿһأ߲֮ǰ1.4ҡ
һսҪҲ٣սѾԶԶسԽңҼǿ㣬Ҳ޷ЧĹ
һУԲ
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Ҫ˿ǰ˿ڣԬǰָȫᴩѪס
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ֻгΪٽǿߣ֮ٶ֮Ҳܹתǹ
ǹѾ㹻ˡ
֮ǰҺ߽׳Խ֮Ĳ࣬Ҫϣǹ۷߽׳ԽߣҲкܴļܹնɱ
˵ţҶĻϳһ˿ŵ΢Ц
ǣҾȥǡ
һŵеĽʥصǸʲôӣܹõķ
˯
ҡҡͷҶĻʰãڴϱ˯˹ȥ
ʮʱ䣬ҶĻû˯ֻڲͣػָ
ȻԴ˯öˣվǻ˸оܣͬ˯֮ԾɴŲࡣ
һҶĻ˯ú㣬㡣
һֱ˵ڶߵ࣬ҶĻѹ

ߵ࣬ǻصʱ
½߳ʱҶĻҲװԼ׼С
Ҳ̧ͷ˿Ǻ̫ͮͮҶĻĵ˵ͷ
һͷ
ϣпԵõķ
¼õҶĻһɳϡ
˴ǰȥΪѰķȴϹèһײϾҶڽǲ˽⣬ҲûйķϢ
õİ취ŪķͽǵľϢ
ǵϢصУķȴûУһطС
ڡ
漴ҶĻϽԼͨѶ˳
ΪĴΨһһڳ۸ϢȻֻҵڸУҲǱرҵ֮һ
һ߲ӵĴУݣҶĻٵ¼˰ڵĹٷվ
һ֮󣬰ڵһλҵԱҶĻߡ
漴ֻҶĻǰһ޴ͶӰͶӰ֮һλƤۣڷŮһ΢ЦĿҶĻ
ãҶǰ7758ҵԱҪʲôϢ
֪ǰûйս켶ǹսϢ
ԵȣҰһ顭΢΢һЦ漴Ůӿʼ
ʮ֮ŮٴγҶĻǰãҶ˵ǷǳԽǵս켶ǹս䡣
ʲô۸񡭡ϲ֣ҶĻżɽֱʵ
ҶҪϢȷʵУ֪ҪȫϢ
ȫʲô۸񡣡Ů˵꣬ҶĻ˵
Ҷڽǵս켶𼼷ҪȫϢԼ۸ȽϹ󣬲ǰڵʯԱаŻݣֻҪһɫľͿˡ
ۣһɫľɴ˫ۣҶĻ㾪
ԣʯԱô£ûǰڰԱɡ
ģҶΪĵһŵݣǰΪǵʯԱһϢԴۣǰҲҪһɫľս켼ļֵҶӦ֪˵ţŮ¶һ˿Ǹɫ
ԭˣʾãһɫľ
ˣһһɡ
εĵ˵ͷҶĻ̧ͷ˵Ƿõȼ۵ĶΪУҸʲôи
ҶκεͬһɫľĶڸغصе䲿͵ǰڵκһҵ㣬һзе
䲿ԡ
˵ͷҶĻͨѶϲ
һ߲䲿ǻĵõģҶĻģ䲿´һݵڵĶ
ֶһ¶ôһ֮ڣҶĻ뽻䲿һݣҶĻһ´ﶩҲ൱ڸڸˡ
䲿ĶѾ´Ϣô˰ɡ˵ţҶĻ˹ȥ
ŮӺʵ¶㽫һļҶĻ˹
յļ֮ҶĻҲûжģֱӹرӡ
ֵһɫľϢذڵӦúȫǡ
һҶĻͨѶеļ
ķ䣬ɽǰ˴ʼ֮һǹԾս켶ǹս
78꣬Ǵʼ֮һԾķڿֲ޳ɾǹ֮Իǹһ֮ơ
164ֲ꣬޳ͬ꣬ǿԾ֮ս䣬ڽ֮ء
Ծ󣬺ųƽǿս֮һս켶ǹսķȴδʧǺղء
ȴһǳĵطﷲ¶⣬Ǻֶս켶𼼷üֵ164񣬽ʮ۽ǰۣٴνķۡ
ţ˼ٴΣɴ˫ۣҶĻֱ˳
ԡ
üͷһҶĻſݡ
һӺҶĻǽüͷ˿
ԭˣķȻء˵ͷҶĻɳϣʼ˼
˵ǰֺͼƬʽݣԽиƻۣķȴ޷ʵƻֻۣܳ۲ʸ񡣡
Ծ90ʱһķһʯϣ˵ʯڼΪ⣬Ծʮ겻Ϲ֮ԾķʱڽȥһЩⶫֻԾ̵ֵʯڲķģȻ˵ͬʯڵһ޶ȴ֪Եʣȫ޷ֻǷ
£侹Ȼֵ顭
ҲԣԾΪǹһˣʵ֮ǿԪ˧Ҳֻܹܣ޷նɱʵѾ˴󽫼𡣡
ҲΪ档


324 ǶԹ
ķΪս켶ǹսǻǹһˣԾľ侫ǵķǰҲֻһ̵档
ԽЩֻ۹ǰʮΣȴ۹ķٴΣΪɶλԾǨǿߣҪķҵһЩԼĶϾЩǿߴ඼ѾԼϵͳܸ䣬ֻܽķΪο
˵ôв˶λԾǨľǿߣķҵʺԼĶ
ȻЩһ޶ȣȻķҲ۸ˡ
ʮɫľ
˿ϵעļ۸Ƕʮɫľ
ۣ
ȷʵʮɫľȷʵһۣԾķʮɫľʲô
ķֱܹɣ˵ǶʮٽɫľҲûۡ
óһɫǻῼǿǡ
Ͼķɲͨս켶𼼷ǻǹһ˵ǿѧΪĵǿǹս֮һҲΪ
ʾÿβķһڶ¶ʮţһʮһţÿһγ۵Ƕʮ
ʱ䣬Ƕʮĺţҳаʱ䣬ϵϡ
ڼ۸񡭡
ˣʮͶʮɣȻ˵ķôûκɹȴҵԼ·
Ѿƿ״̬öʮú·ֵˡ
ᶨĵ˵ͷҶĻ鿴ǰϡ
ֵһɫľȻֻܾ㶫
ϵлʮķǿߵĸԼǶķĲһЩԾǰڴʱΪ֪ľڻϸԾʱо
ĩβϻ˹ڽǵϡ
һϣʮңϸ
ʮ㣬ҶĻϸһϡ
ҲʱˡͨѶҶĻվ
ǾػǱȽϽʵһҾִܹ
ʱ䲻ˡ
ʰö漴ҶĻ뿪ԼСͱŻشŴʼȥ

һ󾢷ֻ뿪صҶĻڿлΪһӰŽǵķ򼲳۶ȥ
һ·ϣҶĻһֱάȫٷУȡ̵ʱڵִǡ
̫λڲͣı䣬ҶĻһ棬ɽ伱ٻһһ󾢷硣

ţǰˣüͷһڿеҶĻͻȻͣ
漴ҶĻ˫ۣʼõ߸̽Լǰ
һȻԽߣ߽׳Խߡ
е㲻ԡ
ûκԥҶĻ֮ԼȫϢó߱ԶԶȥ
ǧףǧ׿ĵطҶĻӰ
ʱǰҹһ࣬еƲ㼫죬ԼȺˣҰ֮һƬ޷κζ
ҹ£ӾվڿС
һ£źɫִ֣һѳݵӡ
һ׳˶Ĵ󺺡
һһߣߵ˶תǹ
ԣͬһˡ
֣ͷľȻ䡭üͷһҶĻ߲Щȡ
ߵϣҶĻܹоһ˿Ϣһ˿׼ʹʱеϢ
ӦÿҪˣһ֣ͷʮа˾űҪ䣬׳ʵǿҲûаܹնɱ
λԾǨںǿߡ
׳ǶλԾǨںǿߣֻн߲ܹںϣԽҲԡ
׳ںϵĲλʮۣ˫ۡ
˫ۺͨ𼫴һ˫ëŨܣ쳣׳̬ͬצеֱۡ
ֱ۵УҶĻܹоһ쳣ҰϢ޶еϢ
磬˹ƣǵʲô˼վڿУߵɫ
ҪʲôӦ֪ѶȻȥ㻹ܹꡣмһЦµ˹ƻ˵
֣ϹȻǸ˵ΣҪˣһҵˡһԵĺͬм˵
ҿɲ֪˵ʲô
ÿȻһȥ֮˱ȻܵΡ
˵ţ֣Ҫƿˣ뿪
ϹװͿǰɡ
һ˹ס֣ȥ·
ô꽻ķϣҺĸһλᣬȴ顣
治֪ǸҷϸʲôôȻð˷ǰȥͶٸһλᣬ㻹ܶꡭ
ߡ
һ֣ǰȥ
ʶô֡
һ˹ƶ˵еĳһֱ֣ȥ
ȡ
ˣΪںǿߵĺҲˡ
˫ȭ֮Ʊ֣ͷ
󵨣Ů˵ʵǿȨٸߣҲܵеùᣬ˾ȻͬǵĶλԾǨǿ߶֣ѾΥ֮һ
ҿǻˡ
һ֣֮յıܿ˵ĹһŭĽˡ
ʱ֣һ˿ŵɫͷβ˵֡
˵ϻҪȥǣ㾡һԡһ˹һӣһɫС
ǿ
ѳȫͬ˹еĳѳǿ
ɫϣޱǿ󣬺ƶЫһĺ֮ƲɢţѾԶԶ˹ļޡ
з˵ĳڣΪӵǻҰشսغأ˵ҲʮСʱ·̡
ɱ㣬ǱȻõġ
֡
һȣ˹˫裬֣ɱ˹ȥ
ͬʱΪںǿߵĺҲٶɱ˹ȥ
ӡ
֣ڿɫ˲䣬ûκԥתӣ˿ûս˼
ûг֣Ҳ˵Ķ֣ѳֻҪһ˹Ʊܹɱ
Ůˣܵﰡ˵ΣҶĻҡҡͷ
˵ĶԻУҶĻȻ޷ƶϳȥȴܹ֪˹˵ͷͷһŮˣһ쳣Ůˡ
֣ͷͷһӡ
İòͷ˾ǸŮ˰ɡ
ԡͷôܰ
üͷһҶĻ̱㷢˲ԡ
ֺŮǣ鷳£һܱǣȥ
ûκԥҶĻںҹڻ䵽ϣ
ȻҶĻεǣ߾Ȼټصĵط˹
ѣһ֮º̷Խлһ֣һߴ
ݣ龹Ȼǣ˽ǵĽԲմǡ


325 
νܹվڽ˵ıǽǵĽ
ҪվڽǵĶˣʵԵģҪƸĲƸ׬Ǯ
ڽǱнʵͺĲƸ
˵һλۣغصһλнǿߵ嵽ʮǻӵмȶ׬Ǯ
ڽǣƽÿʮλнǿߵУŻһǽ
źƸĸнʵͬнǿҪǿ̫࣬ǿߡ
ҶĻ룬ͽϵ鷳飬Ȼһ鷳մΪ
λѣֻҪܹϷɹѹأ̷ԽԸʮɫľΪлҶĻǱӣҲˣֱ˳
ʮɫľ
֣ҶĻҲЩȡ
˵ҶĻڻһһʮݣͬһһʮɫľûκ˻ԼڸС
ҶҶĻ˵ʮɫľջǺǿģܹķʸһǮ
СȻҴǰ¡

ҶĻԥ˲䣬ִ˫˹ѾҶĻĴڡ
裬ֻ˹ƵϽ֣һֵеĳϷɳֱҶĻȥ
ݣӻûأ͸Ҷ֡
ŲתӵоԤҶĻ˲ܹһ⡣
䡭
ֻҶĻԭվĵطУ˲һӡ
磬նɱ֣Ϲ㸺ɱˣԲ͸¶ȥ
һ˹Ƴת֣ɱ˹ȥ
ҶĻϲǲҶĻ£鷳ԼҵͷҶĻɲվ
ߣҪҵĿڣܺã飬ӹܶˡ
Ǳߵͷ׼ʮɫľ
һҶĻкɫ֣һ̣гС۴Сһľ޴תǹҶĻС
ǡоҶĻϼʹʱϢ֣΢΢һ
䡭
ֻһ˫ںϵֱϣѾһȭ֮ƳҶĻХ
Ǻǡ
䣬䡣
һЦ漴ҶĻǹˡ
ɱ⻮ƺҹֱź˫ȭ˹ȥ
Ʊѵ
ʱڴ֮࣬ҶĻԾûз¿ػ𹹼ܵѾƱѵ˱ܵĵزɲǼԹܳɹ
ãСӵĹ޷ܣںϵǿߡ
̫ѨԺг޷֮е˲䣬֪Ӳˡ
ȡ
䡭
ͬĴͬʱ𣬺ԼȭӲҶĻĹ
û˿ӲҶĻƱѵ֮󣬺û˿ȫסҶĻĹ
ǶλԾǨںǿߵĿֲ֮
ҶĻƱѵжǿ
űƱѵڲĶּټܣ汬٣תǹһںϵ
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С
һӰĺٶȳҶĻȭƱ𷽲ŻҪǿϼ֣Ѿ
ߣں˶λԾǨ޵˫ѾԻǰ;ں϶ûգҲȡҵ
мһЦҶĻں˲䣬һתͬ
һţҶĻֱѸͬԷ˾롣
䣬䡣
ɱ˵еҶĻ׼۶ǹ
ӵƿĺȻҶĻĽ̻ӱ۱Ҫֵ
ˣҶĻӵ֮죬ҶĻǺȵȭִҶĻĹʱȻе
粢δˣֻαһʮ
ɶҪ㡭
һѾ˿˿ŭ
䡭
ǹ죬ǹ죬ں׼ȫʱҶĻӵȴٶȽˡ
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䡭
է֣һ˲䣬ҶĻеӵʹú˻𺣵С
ᡭ
üͷһҶĻûκԥֱǰ˹ȥ
䡭
һı
һ룬룬롣
󣬽ɫĻȥ
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ڣǰѾһ󶴣ȫᴩҲѾʧζɢš
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ΪλԾǨǿߵ㲢ûó
ˡ
ǰ˫ϵı£ҶĻ첽˹Ǳ߸˹ȥ
Ѿȥĺվûе£ϳ˾ȣԼʣͷβʵֻʹһңûüʹȫҶĻѾɱС
е³

ͬҶĻ֮ƽնɱ֣ȴա
˹ѳһԼһȴҪԼǰǿ̫࣬Ҳнǿߵ
֣ʵֻּҪһ£ˣкܴļʻᱻɱ
ڹ˼ѳ£֣ʵֻܷӵ˳ɡ
̶һӵʱ䣬ϱѾ˹Ƶĳ˿ڣ˿ȻǳȴܳǼȥĻɡ
ȻѾˣǾһﵽףҾͷ˵ʮɫľˡ
֣ҶĻǱ߳һ˿΢Ц
䣬䡣
̧ǹƱѵǹܷɳֱ˹ƶȥ
顭
ˣ˹еɫӶ˲㽫ҶĻӵɢ
׾١
ǿǿΡ
΢΢һЦ漴ҶĻηɴܣ˹Ƴ˹ȥ
סеһｻ
һҶĻеתǹ׼˹Ʊǹ
ͬʱں˹ս֣ᣬתǹ׼˹ƵĿںüıһ䡣
ʲôһôܹˣѵͷ䲻֮˹̿˺Ǳߣ˺ʬ塣
˹ȴûôʱȥˣҶĻ֣ͬγɵĵѾǰ

顭
˫裬˹ֵеĳ֣صס֣Ľֵеĳ׾ٵĵסҶĻĹ
ɱ˺ҪɱңΡ
ȡ
һ漴ֻ˹ƻⱬ䡣
һ˲䣬ϵĽѾ˷Բ׵ķΧһۿȥʱ˹ƣƷתһ㣬ޱȡ
ȻǸˣãұ˽նɱһ˵ġ


326 ɴ
СģЩ¶ޱȣǧҪմȾ
˹Ƶӣ֣̾˳ҪҶĻ
¶ȸô򵥣һﻹںϵǿߡüͷһҶĻƽĿ˹ơ
ֵںϣ֮ͺ֣̫һ㣬ӵޱȵĸоں֮һһʽ¡
һʵǿ
ǿҲһ޶ȡ
֣ҶĻ̧еתǹ
͸ɡ
˿ִ̣ѳ˹ƣԵš
ţ󲿷Դеɫ

ˣ䣬ֻ˹һܣ˫ֱ֣ȥ
һĿ֣꣬
˲䣬ҶĻ֣Ҳһ£˹ƵٶȱˣȷҪöࡣ
ߡ
һҶĻ⣬Ѿ޴תǹȻ׼˹ơ
ĹǲطȴԾûκθı䣬ͷһģһ
飬飬飬飬顣
ƱѵҶĻǹܷɳֱ˹ϵȥ
ʲô
ҶĻǹ˲䣬˹Ƶбһ˿֮ɫ
Σգ쳣ΣյĸоΣ
ùСӣз˵ĳڣƾҲҪ˵ң
ûκԥ˹ֵеɫת̱ӭƱѵ
˹ƵٶȺܿ죬ҶĻ㣬Ȼܹת㴦ټѳԶʵҶĻӵ̼㻯Ϊ˿˿ɫ棬ɢ˿С
顭
ǹǹλ˹ǰ֣Ҳչ˹
ֻ˿˿ɫ֣֣һ˲䣬ƾȻǿһࡣ
֣ʵ
ߣС
һ˹ƻܶȫеĳϣӭ֣ӵ
Ǻǡ
˹ƵĶҶĻٴ¶һ˿Ц⣬һ˿Ц⡣
˿̣ҶĻض˹ƵһһͬʱҲڲϼ˹Ƶһж
㣬Ҳѱҿ
ҿɫǷܹó
ǹڶ׼˹ƣҶĻǹˡ
һ˲䣬ʮƱѵֱֱس˹Ʒȥ
䡭
𣬾˹Ʒãеĳֵ֣ĹɫҪֵҶĻĹʱҶĻƱѵըˡ
һ˲䣬ʮƱѵͬʱըĽɫȫ˹Χ
˹Ϊģһֱʮ׵ľ޴ɫ
ڽɫ治ȼձʱһӵѾɫ浽˹Ƶǰ
˹Ƶһж޷ӹҶĻӽǵļӡ
ӽǵļ£ҶĻһ˿ѪԽɫһţ˲䱻ɫ
䡭
ٶûκԥҶĻٴһʮӵ
ʮ⾶ֱ˻浱е˹ơ
Ԥм㣬Լ˹ټлĻҶĻֵʱǡô
һ룬롣
䡭
һǹ֣ҶĻһӵһӹܵӵ
ӵɳĽɫ濪ʼɢȥ
һ̣ҶĻ֣еģ˹Ѿڵϵʬ塣
ʬϵطڴѪףһطͷͷԵѾһ飬һ㣬Ҳˡ
սͷβҶĻþԤУ˹Ƶһж
ټҶĻ㣬ҪһɫסҶĻ˹ƣҶĻƵС
治֪ԺδһߴǰҶĻһ߲м˵ϳȫȫȫͬսĻûɫҪնɱҲɡ
ɫҲ޷նɱ㣬пܱһ·׷ɱ
֪̫ţ̫СңȻãһ뾫ԼһֱֻԸҡ
ֱֻеܱ̬
ڣѳˡ
˵ţҶĻǰɫ
ܣոҶĻоһ쳣ǿҵĿܸԳϴ
ɿ£ҶĻûеĳ
ǿѳϵ֮Ȼ֮ǿѾԶԶҵ֪üͷһҶĻ̱¶˿ϲ֮⣬춨սе֮ͬ۷Уǿߵս޼ѳе֮ȴսеĶҪǿ
ǿߵıȻǴǿߵı
˭ģѳҶˡ
΢΢һЦҶĻ̽װ˴ָ
ҶĻֽ˹Ƶĳ
գķա
ʱҶĻ˿ڳ־֣ͷԼľǡ
Ƕ˹Ƶĳλ߽׳ԽߣǿнռݵĻÿһҲܹɫľ
ɫ
ۣ۱
ɫǴǿߵһнԽǿռݣҶĻصýнǿߣʮɫľڻ£ࡣ
λλ̨ǰѳǡҶĻľٶ֣Щ͵˵
ŶҵսƷ˵ͷҶĻһӦӡ
ʶһ£սһ߲غսߣҶĻ˵ţҶĻ֡
ҶĻɴ˫ֱۣ֣˳
ã̷Խ£֣
˿̣֣ҶĻȫˡ
սһ߲ӵΪʮְԵصеˣˣһ쳣ţƣΪҲ쳣Ե
ҶĻԶĻĵһţٶ֮죬ȫġ
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סǷʮɫľ΢΢һЦҶĻֲֻǰɫ
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ŽСү̧֪ͷ˿̷Խ֣С˵
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սһ߲ӣУΣҶĻóԼһ߲ӵ֤ҶĻ˹ȥӦܹסͳ׷ɡ
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ͷĵݻǱȽϿģʮ룬ĵűˡ
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1.8ҵߣһͷɫ鷢Ϊ˧һ˧磬ӵϣһ̡֧
ð΢΢һЦò̫ĺҶĻ˸к
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ȥҹͬƹܵȥһϾóʥأǣÿ춼ᣬòһˣֻĿ档
ҡҡͷҶĻеĺƺȹ⣬漴ڴ
ҶĻĶǱ֮ѾõĶ巨
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ЧȭͷҶĻϳһ˿Ц⣬ҽʮɫľȫ֮ٻػػʮɫľգʱҵʲ͵߽׳ԽߵļˣʱܹеӴԴߡ
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ȶףȴʩȽİУҶĻΪ֮£ֻ˿ػ𹹼ܡ
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ߣҳŽɫľһǰм۵ĸ߽׳Խٶȴ
9.1ĻٴγҶĻۡ
ɶ񡭡ȭͷڰеĸ߽׳Խɫ˲
ҶĻΪѾı˼ʯ־ڱصá
쵰֮мҲ벻һβμӲ硣ȭͷ߽׳Խ߲Щԥ
ƴǲƴ
ˣΪһ߽׳Խʯֵ̫࣬
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ɿȭͷ߽׳Խεҡҡͷ
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Ҫ֡üͷһҶĻûκԥٴԼıۡ
ʮɫľ
ҶĻ֮󣬳ȴٶȰû˼ˡ
ӦòˡضŴĻҶĻ㵽ǰıѾԼ˼񽫼۸һأûĻ˺ˡ
ҶĻϲһӵʱ䣬ûκһٶȳۣ쳣İ
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ʮɫľһΡ˵ķӦһֱۣеľ鳡
ʮɫľڶΡ
ʮɫľΣɽ
ʯλǿߣ֮ſǰȡʯ
ǽеڶƷ
΢΢һЦһλߵнӹ˵ڶƷ

һΪһУЧʾԿƵһ᲻̶һСʱʱ䣬һƷѪʶǵĳµ˸߳
ȻǣѪʶȴһ׳ԽԶʮɫľˡ
ʮһ̣ҶĻʯ߳˵һС
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ʯųƺ͹ľͬȼĶʵüֵҲѷɫڹľ
ʯаһλ߽׳Խߵȫ֮ҪЩ֮ҪģǽЩ֮ǿгɢΪΪıԴ֮
һ֮ΪԴ֮ôе֮ɢ룬Ͼ֮붼ɵģһʧԴ֮Ȼʣ࣬Ҳʣ֮һҡ
Դ֮ôȴܶࡣ
ĴսĴزֶͨʺ֮ȵȣһϵе鶼ͨԴ֮
ҪȴǡǡǱԴ֮
˵ţҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц
һ߽׳ԽߵȫǽѹĻȻܹͨĵڶ㡣
ҶĻʯΪͨ
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һΪȻ۴ʦþ֮ʩչһ㣬ϻþ֪Ȼ˶ϲɱ¾ǿߡ
ڶȴ͵һȫ෴Ƿ
ħڶħɾ֮ħΪá
ͨĵڶ㲻ͬڵһ㣬԰Եֶʹ
ҪģǽʯеıԴֿ֮е׽Ϊá
Ҳͬڻ۴ʦʵԶ
۴ʦͨڶʱߵͨʵǿаԼͽɹ
񲢲ߣûпǿаֻ֮ʯ
·Ȼһȴһġ
һҶĻʯģ漴㿪ʼͨڶ

˫֮о֣һ΢紵ڸ߽׳ԽߵҶĻб˲ʯ֮С
ͬʱҶĻеʯʼͣزھʲôһ㡣


331 ڶ֮
ͬ춨ʯʯеľʮֻߡ
޼ʵɽ޼ʵɽ޼ʵɽʲôûУʮֻ
춨ʯȻɱʢľȴܷḻ
ݵأƲʣɽˮˣȻѪɫûʶҲɼλʯĸ߽׳Խߺ춨֮Ĳࡣ
ߵĲ಻һĴ󡣡ǻεҶĻվľ統Уû˿ѹ
ʵͨǻΣվ춨ľ統УҲʮǿʮǧľ롣
ʯУȴûܵ˿ƣʮɡ
ڸ߽׳Խߵǣγȫѹơ
һЦ漴ҶĻγɵ建ɢ˿
ҶĻɢ˲䣬ɽγɵľ˲
ĩһ㣬ɽʼر
һ㣬һ㣬̶ֻӵʱ䣬ĿȫǣɽȫһƬĵء
ҳҶĻıԾ統вϻص
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СɽʮֺأκڿСɽ˲䣬һ޷ĸоСɽܹѹһ㣬СɽȴҶĻȵС
ǣСɽʯеǣŰɫǱԴ֮

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΢΢һЦʱҶĻѾ˳ʯҶĻУСɽȴȻڡ
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ǱǻҪǿһ˿ͨץס
ԽǿҶԾԽá
һЦҶĻʽʼͨڶ

һ쳣صĺҶĻвϴ
һˣҶĻϢΪһΪŨİ
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ӵ쿪ʼҶĻСɽϵ㿪ʼ١
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һҶĻǿֻʣ±Դ֮ʯ

úҶĻ׼ʯʼؽԼ֮̽˽ȥ
ӺֻҶĻ˿˿
ʯеıԴ֮
ЩԴֱ֮յĻ𵽵ú͹ľһ޶ȴȹľҪöࡣ
һСʱ̶һСʱʱ䣬ҶĻȫЩԴ֮ա
ʱҶĻľѾȫָ
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֮һǷܹķ濴·ҵʵǿ϶ûġ
ܹܲҰ֮ǰﳬԽߵļ޲Ρ
˯ϻҪȥС
ϴ˸裬ҶĻڴϱ˯˹ȥ
һҹ˶ڵȴ죬ҶĻǿߣҶĻʯ߽׳Խߣ


332 
峿͸䵽ҶĻϡ
ߵʮ֣ˡ˿һͨѶϵʱ䣬ҶĻ
ŵͻʽʼ˹ر࣬ȥΪ
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ո߳ţҶĻͿŵǿߡ
ð΢΢һЦҶĻ֮´˸к
ãҲȥаɣһߡҶĻ˵ͷǿ߼Ϊ˵
Уһ߰ɡ
˽Уһͬŵһжȥ
סľƵһв̫Զһ·ϣҶĻ·ϵĶλԾǨǿ߱Ҫ˲٣Щǿ߻϶ǳŵһжȥ
֪ҹͬƹܵĵһУÿŻһβÿһεһжᣬϳ۴λԾǨǿܹõĶ۱
ˣÿһᣬдĶλԾǨǿǰȥ㲻Ϊ˲ҲҪԼܹõĶ
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һУҪһôǿߣֱΡɴ˫ۣλǿҲЩԾ
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ҶĻȷ׳ɱȻֻ¶ģԵĿȴ
֣Һʱһλʴﵽ۷ĸ߽׳ԽߣüͷҶĻЩɻˣȻ˴֣ҿȷҾûнӴ͵ĸ߽׳Խߡ
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ʮɫľһΡ
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еľ֮ҲûжϻеڶļԾʮɫľ


333 ʧ
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ʮŽɫľǰ۵н׳Խٶȳۣûκεԥ
ֻڶүʹǿ߶üͷ֪òü֡
ȻԥʱҶĻȴ¶һ˿Ц⡣
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ҶĻԷһС
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֮ҶĻֻһЦĿн׳Խߡ
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ҶĻڱ֮Ȼ߾ڿУûз¡
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ʯԾǰ̵ģﶨȻʯУһ֮γɵ⾫硣
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ϲ֣ûκԥҶĻȫ׷˹ȥ
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ӦþƽĹؿԲŻʧġ
νĹؿʲôأ
üͷҶĻͣĴԼҪҵνĹؿ


334 Űɱ
ԣΪʲôҳȥˡ
ͻȻҶĻ˼ʱһҶĻ
ҲһȥˣҵǾȻȥˡ
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ҷŴȵ޹ʧҲɻ󡣡
ȥˣνĿкܴĿ뿪
뿪ﲻǿ飬ʮһǵҲ취Ƿųȥ
ԣȫûбҪ޷ȥҪ취ҵķڡ
˵ͷҶĻŲһһľ
ףüͷһҶĻһ˿ԡ

ҶĻֲԵ˲䣬һ󾢷ֻһ߽׳Խ߾ȻԶ񱼶ȥ
һˣ߽׳ԽߺҶĻͬʱһ¡
Ƽˡ
ΪƼƹķҲƼңȻ֪ķҲ֪γȥ
ȥֻҪҵܹҵķͳȥİ취

һ󾢷ֻڶǿȫʱķ񱼶ȥ
Ϊûи˹һֱվڸոսĵط
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ҶĻĶǿҲ̲µҶĻ˼
ϾܹȫǶλԾǨǿߣʶеġ
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һ·ȥҶĻ߷Χ֮ڣ˲ǲûκҶĻȴû˿٣ֻһǰ񱼡
ȻҶĻʱȴûз֣Զһˡ
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ҶĻٺٺ٣벻㾹ȻôˡԼǰ׳һЦ
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֮һ˲Ѫֻʹ
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ɶ񣬰ʹ˲Ϯֱȫֱ뼴̱˳

ŭĿԲҶĻδܶ£ҶĻ˲˼ֱǰ
䡭
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ʱ䲻ˣ·Ҫ
ҡҡͷҶĻûȥǸӣǰʼ񱼶ȥ
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ֱ룬սǼּҵĵһǿߣ֪£Ѿֲˡ
ҶĻǰ񱼣ҶĻĿ񱼣ΧԾһɲľɫ
СʱҶĻǿһ˿һľɫ
ڹ⡣
ԼǰҶĻһ˿ڹ⡣
Ȼֻһ˿һ˿ڹȴָͬ·һ㣬ҶĻ˷ܡ
ˣϾִܹıԵ


335 ʯ
ڹĳ֣ʹҶĻٴμӿ˽Ų
ҶĻԽԽ죬һ˿ڹҲڲϱ任š
Ӹտʼһ˿һţӺҶĻֻоһжʧֻʣ޾ĺڰ
ͬʱҶĻҲͣ˽Ų
ҶĻĲԶһƬɫ
ˡվԭأҶĻ֡
ҶĻǰҶĻֻоԼǰһ޷ķһ㣬صסԼ֡
ǻǹһˣ統ûаȫ֮ĴСȴѾԶԶҵԤϡ
ڣ취ıԵʱƣ뿪˵
Ǻ־磬ĵطıԵǸ߿պ͵档
粢Ծе֮ʵӦÿԴơ
һҶĻվԭأսԼȭ

һ̣ҶĻϵĵڶ֮ٶ֣漴ֻҶĻȭ˲Լǰ
䡭
һɱ𣬽ţҶĻоԼڵĵطһ˿ζ
Ȼֻһ˿ȴҶĻ¶һ˿˷ܵϲ⡣
ȻԵΪĵطʵԺ

˵ͷҶĻȭ裬Լǰȥ
һȭȭȭ
ȭϻ裬ҶĻֻоԼζԽԽ
顭
ڣһСʱڻζͬʱһ쳣΢ɲҶĻĶС
ƿˣȻֻһ˿ȴıƿˡ
һֱȥȣһ֮ұܹıԵ׻顣
ż飬ҶĻٶȵתǣԼǰʼ
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ȥˡ
ʱҶĻǰĸĤѾױ飬ֻҶĻܹȥ˲䣬ͬһʧԭء

һеٶףķʯǰ
ʱʮ²ĶλԾǨǿߣһվʯǰ
ʮ˵Уֻһ˵ʮͨ͸ʮ˵Ծͣ쳣
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ֻͬһվԭأȻ˫ȴضǰʯڡ
˿˿ɻɫȵ˫֣ƶλǿ߶ԣǰʯʮһ㡣
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Ǳ콻ĵһˣȻôܹƿıϳ
ı϶ּĴڶԣ㲻̫ǿһΪĵطܹȻЩԽ߶ԣȴȫһ
ҪӾıԵ֣Եش飬ǳԽߵʵҪԵشҲҪʮСʱ
ȻеŵʮСʱܸ㶨
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ȽĿƿֻҶĻƤ΢΢һ¡
š˫ۣҶĻҡҡͷ
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漴ֻҶĻվֱһ˹ȥ
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ʱֱͬʮ߸һ˫Ŀ֮쳣񣬵ʮΪǱʯ֮޷ֱȴѾֲˡ
ֲ˲ȥˣֻ˵ɢ˾ųɾţԺԾһ˿дʶ
ǻѴǮúΣҲܹȻ
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ۡ
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ԣô¡ԭأҶĻضǰʯڣֻоʯһӵͼƾȻ˹ڲϵζ
ķȻķȵΪǰʯڵҶĻ˲㷴Ӧ˹
ˣԭˣֻнʯڵеľ磬ǿƿܹķ
ķǰʯڡ
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˿̣ҶĻУԭҵѾʧȡ֮ģһӡ
һִ˶תǹ֮⣬һж쳣ӡ
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쳣ٶȶһʼӰڳ
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ǿɣʹһ˿ˡ
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һаУһаСضʯڣҶĻϿ˼ڤţֶķеõ˺УҾǿȣҲʯ쳣Ȥ
˵ĶȻǺģӦķʽ⡣
ϸȿ˵


336 
˽ɫҶĻۼʼٴιۿǰʯڡ
ִ˫ǹÿһ
ҶĻЩͬϰʱһģһûκβֻʱٶʵ̫ˣҶĻٶȵһ붼
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ɣһֶ˳һһš
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һģһٶȱȽ֮⣬ʱ龰ûκβ𡣡üͷҶĻһɻˡ
ٶȽҶĻҲԹǸûκô
ҶĻɻʱǰһ˷ŵĶ
һģһԾһ֡
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ٶȣĶҲڸı䡣
ʱֻȻԾڼһ߸Ķȴ˿˿ϸ΢ĸı䡣
ָı伸΢ɲ飬Ҫùۿ߹ⷢһ㣬һ˿ı͸©˳
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һһۿţһҶĻ֣һΣ˵һ֮⣬еĶͬǰһ˿һĵط
飬ֿʼˡ
ҶĻضʯڣʯϵֿʼ˵顣
һһ飬һһ飬һ˾űͣ
ű֮վԭزˡ
ʱҶĻüͷ壬ӵɻ
һ˾ű飬˵һһģһ֮⣬ÿһÿһһ˿ı䣬˱飬ûκظ
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ѾƿԶЩ㣬ǰ˱ĶȻһױһ֣ǲ˺Ļǿھű޷
ѾƿҲ޷ھű飬ھű鵱еһ߸Ҹ޷κһǿҲܡ
ʯڣҶĻ˼ţΣҶĻҲҲκһ˿ͷɻ֮ɫ
ͻȻҶĻ˼ʱʯϵĶһη˸ı䡣

վʧȡ֮Ѿʧ
Щͬʧ֮ǰһڲζţʱЩζٶȣȴҪԶš
죬ǳĿ졣
һӵĹЩҶĻбѾʧȡ֮һƬհס
ȻҶĻУȴȫһ龰
⡭
ɴ˫ۣҶĻԼڵĵطסˡ
ʱҶĻվһʯɽ֮С
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룬ܹнǿߵĶλԾǨޣ롭΢΢һ㶣ҶĻ̱ϳֻޡ
˵ĻӦþԾˡ
ɫҶĻִ˫ǹӡ
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һ˲䣬ҶĻӵһ˲䣬ӿǹˡ
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Ϊһǹ
ڿǹ˲䣬ҶĻеһжˡ
ҶĻӿǹʱֹԵƫұߣǱ紵½ǶڿУڿǹ֮ʱϵǹơ
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Ʋ̫ǿȻȴ˲ҶĻʹҶĻԺж뷨
ҡ
һ̣ҶĻ˹
ʱҶĻԾʯǰҶĻȴһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ǹڳе˲䣬Ȼҵзַʽģǳģȴ쳣ǿ󡣡
ϧǹҽеķʽֻס˲ٷ֮һ

˴ǰǹõķʽҲֵˡ
˽ɫҶĻһοʯڡ
ͬҶĻոտʯʱһģһʯϵһζ
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ÿһֵģҶĻֻܼסٷ֮һ
һһ飬һһΣҶĻͣۿžű鲻һĶƵҪǿмסӽ̸Լķʽ
ʱţҶĻ˶ʯڵĲУߵһжȥᡣ
ʮǿҲһһ˹ȥ
ȵʱǿ߶Ѿ˹
ڼֱʬ壿ûȥᣬΪѹ˲䣬ʯڵı仯˹ȥͬҶĻһ˶ǹɷʽС

һ죬죬졭
ھ峿ҶĻĵĽĿʯƿˡ
ˡ˵ţҶĻεҡҡͷ
ʮСʱǰʼұ㽫ʽ˰˳ңҲǴʱʼ޷ټʽˡ
ʮСʱʱ䣬ÿһνǹƵ޷õκһ˿Уиûκηʽ֡
ȫҶȻûеõķʽֻа˳ҡ
ѾǼˣټȥҲõκһ˿С
˵ţҶĻóһƿXD3ӪҺȥ
СӣǾű鶯ʲôʱҶĻĶһȵ
ԾǾû졣
֮һʹ÷ʽ֮һɣԷĶС
ˣҶĻҲʹַʽǰ𣿡
ǺǣЩ˵г֮⣬ֻܹȫƿ˭Ц֣Ȼ˵
ΥҶĻ˵ͷǾű鶯ΥĴڣǰ˱ǿֻԽԽأھű޷еһ߸ûκһܹġ
ҶĻ˵ֻ֮Ǿü˼δٶȴ𻰡
ǺǣΪǿߵȣҲǾű鶯쳣ɻûκδ𰸡΢΢һЦҶĻ˵
ҲԣǾű鶯ΥΥ幹죬˵ΪΪ˶׼ĶҲΪڣǾű鶯ԾϷˣõġ
ҲѾ׬ˡ
Ȼַʽֻ˳ңǰ˳ɵ
ȭͷҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц
ʮֻа˳ɷʽҲʮ
ɷʽƻ棬һ¡


337 ä
һеھʮ߲㣬һķС
˿̣š
ýǵ˿ӣȻһ

λͷԴ׷ӣǽҵһǿߣ󽫼ǿߣչ
ұλΪݵǽǵһңҵȨߣï
Ҳ֪νȥˣܷƽ⵱ҸĶɳϣչΪȤ˵ͷߵʵ̫ͻȻһСľͱѪϮˣûķʽ
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ҿķӦþһǹһǹʵ̫Ҳ޷ȫ򡣡
νȥĶʮ˵УȥǸϼһСܹɣѾǳˡ
һǹȷŵ˵ţչ˵ͷ
߳£õֻһַʽ߳ϣԽ࣬ôõıԽ࣬пܿս켶ļ
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ЩٺʲôϵƲƲ죬ï˵Ҫģ׬Ǯ
ϧʯÿܹʹһΣҪʯڣҪʯڵеľ磬Ϣ
ЩϢһֻܹʮգ֮󣬾ǻѴԴҲҪָܻ
Ҫһ¾ָܻһΣǾܿ׬һʡ

֣֡üͷҶĻڵϲš
ŷʽ
ʯϵķʽǳŹ֣ǰһûзһ㣬һת
˵ţҶĻұۻӶֻҶĻֱϵļ˲Уһ쳣ֲҶĻֱϡ
ֱóʮ

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һΣҶĻеķʽԷ˸ı䣬ȻзʽɺǰһҶĻȴм
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һǿҶĻֱϱʹÿ˿˿
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ں֮£Ȼ˵ߵ޷ȫӣȴߴʮ޵
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ˣҲѾս켶ļˡ
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ȭͷҶĻ֮ɫ
оɷʽûİء
漴ҶĻͷо˷ʽЧ
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ʮ˵УΨһһûջģҲȡ
ڶ೬ԽߣҶĻܹ÷ʽѾΪˣȶԣǻ˾ųɷʽҲûʲô̫ô
ǿߣ˶ս켶𼼷
ʱѾˡ˫ۣҶĻһ˿źɫ
ϧܹõķʽͺˣ˳ɵķʽе㲻
ǡ
ҶĻҡͷʱͨһ˵Żشˡ
漴ֻ˽ٴ˽
ʮѵλ
˵ͷ˳ȥ
ˣҶĻȻЩźǸ˳ȥ
ȵʬ壿
˺߶̫ģҲеˡ
ɱˣͺܳڲҲûй涨ɱˣֻ涨˲ƻĶѡ

ߵһ·˵һеĴſڡ
ѾϣҲûмıҪˡ
Ϸʺλһۣ漴ȵһ뿪˵һС
ˣҶĻ˵˵ͷҲ뿪
漴ʮλλԾǨǿҲ뿪
ÿһ˶ߵ쳣æ
ոյõµķʽ˶Ҫϻȥ򣬾ҶĻҲ⡣
һ·ֱУҶĻٶȻصƵķ䡣
ڳ֮ǰұоһ˿ԡ
ץʱ䣬
һҶĻڵϣٴ˷ʽ
ʯǰһ飬ʹҶĻ֪˷ʽԺںϣҲҶĻһ˿ԡ
ֻҶĻұۻת˵ʯڵķʽ

ҶĻʱ쳣Ļ
һ㣬һ㡭˫ۣҶĻϷٶȣϸŷʽ
һҶĻ˫ۡ
ԣԣҪһ㡭ҡҡͷҶĻٴת˷ʽ
һΣΣΡ
ҶĻת֮ʱһαһһֱתϰٴΡ
ͻȻҶĻж˷ʽת
ҵˡüͷһҶĻϲ֣Ӧþ
˫ۣҶĻ񶼼Լұϵһϡ
ҶĻԳ׵ƿͬģҶĻҲܹ֪Լϵÿһط
ʱҶĻȴ֪һĴڡ
ɷʽ쳣ӣҪǧһһʮһתǵһʮ㸽һ㣬Ȼʽòȴȫ޷֪Ĵڡ
ô£ƿǿߣ˵ӦÿԸ֪һУȴ޷֪㡣
һ㣬ʮ㸽ĵҲ޷֪
ͷʱ⣬۲ɷʽѾƿҲԲܷ⼸㡭
ҼҲҪڼ仺²ܹ֡
ԼұۣҶĻԻˡ
ƿſԸ֪ƿһУƿ޷֪⼸㣬Ҿ⼸㣬Ҳ޷ƿء
ѵƿҲä㣿
üͷҶĻ˼š
ˣƿǼޣƿĺ棬һ硣
ѵ
뵽ҶĻûκԥڵػ
ҶĻģѲһ⼼ۡ
۹㣬ҶĻѾǰ㣬˿ҶĻٶȹۿ۵ݡ
۵㣺Ϊ룬׿֮һС


338 ֲ
۵ĵ㲻ͬǰ㡣
ǰĽܼΪϸֽ˵ͼĽ˵㣬ֻж̶ǧ֡
ûϸûͼƬ˵
ҶĻУһۣΪйۣе㹷ƨͨĸо
۵ĵӦòüͷҶĻͨѶ
Ϊ棬ֻһۣһִ˵еľ񾳽磬ܲʵֶһ⡣
ҷֵļäûκιϵ
Ϊ桭
ˣһԷʽжä㡭
ҡҡͷҶĻٶ
һΣҶĻͬһԼ仺ٶתʽ
ǲʽҶĻԼҲ޷ҵäڣҪʽתʮֽӽǸʱҶĻܹäĴڡ
⻺ضҶĻо֪ͣäĴڡ
һӣӣӡ
һСʱҶĻ˫ۡ
ʮ߸ä㣬÷ʽתһҵʮ߸ä㡣
ʮ߸äȴڳȻĴһ㣬ǲ޷ǵĴڡ
Ӧú۵йϵΪ浽ʲô˼
üͷҶĻضԼұۣɻ
ˣһЩ֮۵㽲ƿһУƿһ硣
ƿѾǺܸߵľˣλԾǨǿҲûе
һѾڴ˵ˣƾͷҪﵽǸ磬ֱǳ˵Ρ
äĿѰǸͷ̽һЩäá
εЦЦҶĻԼͨѶ˶ںǸ̽ͷתоԼֱϵʮ߸ä㡣

ʮ߸äȻ޷֪ȴܹǡ
һʮ߸ä㵽ʲôô
˵ͷҶĻһοԼұ
һΣҶĻûʹõʯϵķʽֱʹþҪᴩʮ߸㡣
һʮ߸㣬ʮ߸Ѿ׼סһþᴩʮ߸ʲôЧ
ɫҶĻת޷֪ĵطȥ
һ֮ҶĻľļ£׹ᴩʮ߸㡣
漴ֻһɾҶĻұ֡
ʮ߸㣬ҶĻ֪ᴩʮ߸ʱҶĻԾɸоԼұֱӷһ㡣
ʱҶĻĸ֪Уɾƾճֵġ
ҶĻȴδʲôϲɫ
У̫Զˡ
ɾֱֻӷʱǿһ㣬ﲻҶԣͬ졣
ѵʮ߸äûô
ǹɷʽһԡ
֮£ҶĻһת˾
һΣҶĻֱʹ˵ʯϵķʽתʽʱҶĻȴʮ߸ϼӴȣʹʮ߸ӵʮ߸ä㡣
䡭
ͻȻھתʱһɾǿľҶĻұϱŷ
һ˲䣬ҶĻɴ˫ۣƿʲôŵһ㡣
䡭
һɱҶĻĵϾֱһӡ
ţҶĻûгȭȭͷȻ棬͵滹ŲСľ롣
ϵĴӣǱҶĻȭϱŷľ𶯿ġ
һ̣ҶĻͷˮԭء
⡭ɴ˫ۣҶĻ㶵ؿԼұۡ
ʮһ˲䣬ҵұ۾Ȼʮ
⡭ô£
ԡ
ҡҡͷҶĻֻоһϮͷֵƣ
Ȼһ˲䱻˾ųҡ
ƣҶĻóXD3ӪҺԼࡣ
ҶĻʵҪ˲ָȫҪҵXD3ӪҺ
ƿXD3ӪҺ¶֮ҶĻǽüͷȴԾûɿ
ҶĻԼ״Щ⣬XD3ӪҺ¶ǣ˵ҵӦ˲ָŶԡ
ΪҵһһĻָȣҪҲܹȫָ
˫ۣҶĻƿ֪Լڡ
һ֪ҶĻǷԭڡ
XD3ӪҺ⣬ҶĻ⡣
XD3ӪҺٶȱˣҶĻʮĸ֪ԼXD3ӪҺٶȱˡ
Ȼ˵XD3ӪҺգҶĻյٶԽԽ죬ȴʵʵڵıˡ
ʮ룬ʮҶĻXD3ӪҺٶŻָ
ʱҶĻҲѾȫָ
ùķʽһҶĻ˲ͷϵĺˮ
һ˲䣬ұ۵Ȼõʮ
һٽǿվҵĶ棬һǹ޷ɱҲܹˡ
ȴеһ˲䣬Ҳ˾ųңڵջָϵͳҲƣ󡣡
һҪʮܹ׻ָԼ
ʵǿĸоǹˬġ
һЦҶĻϿϲ֮ⲻϳ֡
һȻ˵е󣬵ӵһУұӵ˺ٽǿ߶ƴʱ
ʮһǹ֮£ٽǿ߿ҲҪ޵
ұˣҲӦһһԡ
˵ͷҶĻٶתʮ߸äķʽ
ͬҶĻԤϵһȻʹ֧͸ԵһУӵаʮĿֲ

ʮ죬ʮʱ䣬ҶĻڷ֮ŵʯϵĶ
ʮ쵱УҶĻһʹùһٶַʽʮ߸äĹãóĽȴǣʮ߸äֻϵʯϵķʽʱܹ߱ʮ
û˷ʽʮ߸äͬ졣
ˣʮ쵱УҶĻäĴ̼£һֱĶ
ͬʯϵľű鶯
ҶĻȻʽôű鶯ҲӦ
һ嵱еһһҶĻһ˾ű鶯
ͬԤϵһҶĻֻڰ˱飬ھű޷
õģȴʧġ
˱鶯֮ҶĻֱѪ˵ϡ
ǶλԾǨ֮߱˰Եԣκξ߱޸ҶĻͽҽԺˡ
ʮΣҶĻһʮξű鶯
֮ҶĻûκη֣Ǿű鶯Ʒһ㣬޷˿ĹЧ
һֱʮĺ峿ҶĻֹͣ̽
ΪһţԻܲĶš
УҶĻĶλԾǨʱ޼ʮߺʮ֮ǰϻػء
ûʱˡͨѶϵĶţҶĻҡҡͷ
Ҳգʮʱ䣬ҳչľ֮⣬̽ʮ߸ä;ű鶯
Ѿó˾ĽۣҲʱȥˡ
˵λԾǨǿܲɢÿ˶ӵԼְ񣬲֪ܲҰʲô顣


339 ޼
ʮĺ峿ҶĻʰö̤˷ػص·
ȥ֮ʱҶĻȻ߿·ɻȥٶȴԶԶ֮ʱ
һ·ϣҶĻһ߻ţһͬʱٿżɻػ𹹼ܣسŻطȥ

졣
֮ҶĻŵִصĴſڡ
ǻˡ
ͷҶĻǰϤĴţһиС
һ߲صеĶλԾǨǿ߶ޣе㲻Ϣܲͻϸڡ
ͿȥΡ
ε̾˿ҶĻ񣬻ȥ
ʮ࣬Ҳǻصٵʱʱ㣬󲿷ǿ߶Ѿ뿪˻ء
һ·ҶĻδˣҲûܵΧ۵Ĵʮ˳
顭
Ϥİ칫ǰҶĻñš
칫ҵҶĻΪϤ
ΪҶĻεߡ
Сӡüͷһ߿ҶĻЩȡ
ͷһСˣȻѾֵز
ԣСӵ֡
ߵĻδ˵ֹסˣ˵仰˲䣬ҶĻȴ쳣Ծ
֮£ҶĻ˫۶һ˿
νΪݵߣҶĻȻԵúƽȴѾˡ
ҵһμʱ㿴ʵڼԾɿʵҵĸоһͨһ㡣
нǿߣҲһнǿߣпǻصвΪ֪Ĵǿߡ
ֻһ۱㿴ҵʵ˫۵еҲӦñˡ
Сӣʲô΢΢һЦ֣ͷһôã˺Լˣģ˫ϵǲ˵ȥġ
ҵǺܺ棬СӲŶܹͣҵ嵱еܡ
߿ҶĻֺ棬ҪҶĻһһ㡣

ΪεվҶĻףһǿĵƣǲ˵ȥġ
ǰǻĵһţ츳ӲͷƤҶĻε˵
Уʲôƨ츳˵ˡ˰֣ߵϾȻһɫ
СҪĶ˵ţ߽һӵҶĻС
׼һ߲ӵе׼¡
׼εһǧѾ˻У⣬¥ĻǱڵ㡣
Ͻȥɡ
˻֣漴ǰıֽ㲻ҶĻˡ
лǰ˹֣ҶĻ˳˰칫֮С

뿪ߵߣҶĻһ
ţҶĻߵĿ⣬ƸоԼһж¶ߵǰһ㣬ʮֵܡ
һɽһɽߣȻѾ˶λԾǨӵпвߵĵƣȴԾɲܽꡣ
̤ʵأһһǰ
Լ飬ҶĻŻ뿪

¥غصеȨģһйػشͶľȫǳ¥ĸҵУغص߲š
һ߲һ࣬ҶĻһ̤¥С
ǿҲ̫ࡣüͷҶĻ̤¥Ĵ
ҵĸ֪¥ĶλԾǨǿߣܹŶʮʣµĶһλԾǨĹԱ
ҡҡͷ˳¥ǹ⻬ĵ棬ҶĻֱ¥ݡ
˿ҶĻ׼£¥мΪĵط֮⣬˵ǳ裬ûκ˸ҶĻ
һ·УӺҶĻĿĵء
Ļҡ
û
ûҶĻţҵбһ
Ŷ룬һ˲䣬ҶĻĿɨҡ
ʱڻҵֻĸˡ
һڻҵվ˵ǰ
ˣͬҶĻйһ֮Ե
غ˾һ߲ܲıĻþһˣ
վǰλԾǨǿߡ
һŮ
ͬҶĻһǸ߽׳ԽߣһӳΪһӿе˹ģΪŮȴҶĻЩԾ
ߣŮٽǿߣߡ
׼ҶĻ߽׳Խߣһ߲غһĸ£Ǳǿ񡭡
һϣһһ˳
ҶĻ׼СҶĻ˵ͷ
ˣҶĻ߳ӵͣ
ˣǵѾˡϣóһϡ
һĸˣҶĻƶŭ˾ͽ
ֻҶĻǸոɶλԾǨƶǰΪߣŭ˾ͽְڸոս
˶ְǵְλ
˵ţչҶĻ˵ǰ
ǿߣһǱԴһ߲ӣٸԣҲʧǿߣΥǿߣޱҪҲᴦֻ̣Ὣռࡣ
ڻĵսǱڼǿߵļ޹ء
ǵְɸ齨һ޼
սһ޼ĸСӺλˣҪȥСӣΪµ޼սǵСӡ
飬ǩ֣ͳǰ޼йӡ
һۣû˵ʲôϾֱ뿪˵Ļҡ
뿪֮ҶĻҲû˵ǰϿ
һݳ֣޼ϸܵϡ
ʮ֮ҶĻſеϡ
޼ҵͦõģһݷʲ
޼齨һѺڶֱ֮ĴǿߣЩǿ󽫼Ž׳ǿߣټһٶʱ䣬Ѻǿ߾Ʋ
ְȴʮֲɡ
Խ
Ȼ˵ĿƼټϸֶΣԽЩǿ߼޼УǻᷢڶԽ¼ϾλԾǨǿߵֶβʵ̫ˡ
ҶĻ˵ĹǽЩҪܵǿƷٶȹѺȥ
ڻɱ
ޱҪûɱǿߡ
Ǹϵԭ
Ϊ޳޳ĳʱЩѺڸеǿߣܹһ쳣ǿķߡ
Ͼһս޵Ĺɾɲˡ
ʵԽٽǿߣҲܹƷΣճ̶Ӧò̫ߡ
ְˮǺܷġ
ÿ£ҶܹһǧĹʣһһǧ
ǹʣץκҪԽӷвٽ
Ž׳ǿ٣׳Խǧн׳Խǧ߽׳Խһٽǿнǿʮ򣬴ǿʮ򡣡
ûԽҲж
޼ÿ궼Ļ̥֮ҪǱ޼ȥˣץЩˣԾɿԻþ
ұ˵޼ˣϸС


340 ̵Ů
ڿʼ֮ڣǶսѡ
ʶһ£ҽвƶǵĶӳ
ոտϵĲƶʮñ˵˵ͷ
ҽлŭ⼸궼ڵһءŭʮֿ˵
˾ͽǰԮӵСӳ
ҶĻˣոɶλԾǨ
˼ջǱȽϺгģڲƶһŮ˳ΪӳҶĻҲûʲô
ʱʵһС
ƶΪߣʵҪԶˣȻƶΪӳҲûʲôԣδǶҪ޼ְ鷳˵Ҫƶλ֣߳û˻ɵȥһλߡ
λǸŮˡ
졭
žžž
΢΢һЦͬʱơ
ˣ׼һ°ɡ˵ͷƶԼǷļ
ϰ˵ڻشſڼϣ
û⡭
໥һ˱뿪¥ʼȥ׼
ƶֱӻȥˣҶĻȴֱȥ
˷ǰȥ޼Ҫְʱ䣬ȻŴѵľ׬ȡȴûҲͨ룬Ҳ뿪
ڳ֮ǰһҪѶ׼ȫ
ͷһЩҪۣ֮ǰҲһԳ۵
λƣ֮ҶĻһԵĲ֮С
֡
ְڲĴĻ档
Ǻǣһǧʮһǹġ
ЩڽϣӦþȥ
΢΢һЦҶĻǰļۼ漴ҶĻԴָó˼
һԱһѳһն״󵶡
ҶĻսƷ
ͳǵԺ˹ƵսƷն״ǴӼֱĴ豸зҳġ
Ҷԣûʲôô
ȫȥ
ÿһɫľļ۸ۣһɫľǧȫȥǧ
ǧ㹻ණˡ
΢΢һЦҶĻǰȷ߽׳Խߵȥ
漴ҶĻ뿪˲

ҶĻϲ۵ܿͱ˹ˡ
һֱֻոɶλԾǨľǿߣû㹻ʽȥԼ֮ʵ̫鷳ûдһ߽׳ԽҪһҪһʱ䡣
ҳƷĸ߽н׳Խ߱ǿʹãʹʵһأټҶĻ۵ļ۸ֱԳⱾ˦
һСʱ
̶һСʱ֮ҶĻ۵㱻ˡ
ͬʱԼͨѶͲӵҶĻҲյϢ
ôȥˣԼͨѶϵĶţҶĻգգۡ
ҲãŪ꣬㰲ġ
˵ͷոûõҶĻһ뿪ȥ
ӺҶĻ
һ̣ҶĻһе˶һ顣
ֻҶĻʮݣһ̨ǰ
С㣬ҪʮһʮɫľǰѾסŮӣҶĻһƽ˵
һ߲й涨ǿ߶õȼ۵Ķһһȼ۵ĶһԶһʮɫľ־ٶǼΪϡеġ
һ˲䣬֮еˣҶĻĻסˣһŮӡ
һ㣬һ顭ӣҶĻѵ
λԵȡعŮ̵˵ͷʮɫľѾҵ׼ޣҪ롣
ӣӾͿˡ
˵꣬ŮӱٳһԵİ칫˹ȥ
֮ʮݾͲˡ̾˿ҶĻеʮݣЩᡣ
ããеá
ɱֱ֮󣬴Ĵ豸зһЩӰ˵Ķһʮɫľ
ǶʮɫľҶһʮɫľҵʴﵽԽߵļ֮Ӧûʣʮ
ʮɫľȡߵʵ
ֵˡ
ʮɫľҲһá
δ˶䣬˵޼ܹҵҳΪߵ;
Ķͷ漴ҶĻӱϾصȴš
ӺһŲҶĻĶС
ֻһ׳˶ӿһϽչ̤
ҶĻ׼ҪĶ
ѻݽҡ
չڵϣӻش˱չ
ʮСһģһɫľŷڱչ֮С
š˵ͷҶĻݽӣ˳˱չ
ʮɫľţھҪʹãҲһ
Ҫ󡣡
ʺ֮ﳬԽߵļޣǻǾںϣһ㣬ƿ
Ȱʮɫľţȵƿ֮󣬻ĻԵ
ȰѶ׼ðɡ
ҡҡͷҶĻֱĴĻǰ
˴ΣҶĻҪĶ൱֮࣬ϾûĻҪ޼Ǳߴʱ䡣
Ǹ߽׳ԽߣXD3ӪҺЩãҪX9ӪҺ
ӪҺһǧ
λԾǨ֮߱˰Եԣֻ֮Ҫ̷ʱָܹһЩʡ
ҵӵлͺܲ
һٽ
гߵС
վڴĻ֮ǰҶĻϺķѾ¶ԼõĶ
ʮ֮ҶĻ˻еǧѾֻʣ˲ٵ㣬ҶĻĴָҲֶˡ
ˡ
ԼѾĴָҶĻĵ˵ͷ
ȡ޼гΪߡ
漴ҶĻת뿪صоصȴš
ͬҶĻһҲھصȴš

峿ҫ۵ոջƲ㣬ҶĻѾʰö߳˷š
֮ûгΪߣҲסˡ
ŽķţҶĻ΢΢һЦ󲽳Żشſڿʼȥ
ߵҶĻ˻شſڣֻΪСӳĲƶѵڻصΧǽϣϵһ̡֧
̶ӳ벻Ҳ̡ƯĲƶȻ̣ҶĻЩȡ
ܲҲû涨Ů˲̡ܳƶҡҡͷĶˣܻ۵ģȻܻ⾫ϵƣȴܹ˵עתƵ档
Ҿѧġ
ҪҪһ֧˵ţƶ˿ҶĻ
ˣҴӲϲ̣Ϊ㹻ǿ󣬲ҪԼ
ǺǣҲãûϰòҪɣ˷ʱ̣Լ˵ͷ漴ƶ㲻˵ˡ
ܹ˵ìܵĻλŮҲһйµˡ


341 ʩ
ҶĻͲƶ˲δ
ƶǽ߾س̣֪ЩʲôҶĻ֮£ֱ˿ػ𹹼ܡ
ʱϢתȥ
˵ŭ˾ͽҶĻƶѾ˻شſڡ
˾ͽʱȤ˿ͨѶϵʱ䣬ƶЦ˵˵ոպõ
ˣҴڳ
˵ţƶȷȥҪ޼ڵķȥ
һȡ֣˾ͽס˲ƶ
ӳ֪ѡ·ûС
·ߣüͷһƶЩɻ󣬡һʵֱֱӷɵ޼ǱߣӦòҪʲô·߰ɡ
·ֶʲôʱҪ˵ţ˾ͽ˰֡
޼λ̫ƽΪһ͵棬һ·ȥֱ߽зУʱִܹ
֪һ·һҪ;ʮһȺĵ̣طӵн޴ڡ
ǾҡڵķɹȥпܻᱻЩϮʱǵʵȻΣգҲᵢʱ䣬鷳
ϣȥһΪƶ·ͼ
˵ţ˾ͽóһֽ·ͼǰСӵʵоųϵļʣܹڲܸŵֱӵִ޼
׼ô֣΢΢һƶù·ͼ
ʮ󣬲ƶ·ͼ˾ͽ
Ͱƶ·ͼ߰ɡ
ûʲôĻھͳ
˵ͷ˽𣬸ڲƶ޼ȥ
޼齨һҲ֪Ǹʲôӡ
֮Ӧþ֪ˡ
ڲƶҶĻ¶һ˿Ц⡣
߽׳ԽߣһٽߣȫʵĴڡ
죬˷еٶȲν죬һʧ˻С

ν׼㡣
˾ͽƶ·ͼһ·ϿνУ˸·Ǹ·ʲôõġ
롣
ʱ֮ͣ
ʱҶĻͣһ޼ʵĴ棬ĴȥȫǺˮ
ĺ⣬ֻʣԶ޺
ҶĻ˴ʱȴټǰˡ
ޡ
ҶĻܹʮĸоǰƬУʮֻλԾǨޣпٽǿߵޱֻ
ҶĻ˵ʵټǰĻͬ졣
޼ΧشǿȻߡ˫ۣҶĻЩȡ
޼֮Խڿ̫ƽĵĵشΪдλԾǨγɵİΧȦһԵĻŭԴȵ˵ԭһΪνްΧȦʮֻλԾǨγɵģڿ
ʮֻλԾǨޣڿЦ𣿣ҡҡͷ˾ͽָǰ
ɲǽԶ½ص̫ƽ󣬹ǰһƬ򣬱ʮֻλԾǨޡ
ƬپһƬǲִܹ޼Ҳ˵ǵλõ޼ҲʮֻλԾǨޣ߲εĶλԾǨ޹ֻ߰
ԲΪƬ˫ذΧ㣬ʮƬУλԾǨޱмֻ
ҲֻмֻλԾǨγɵİΧȦܹ֮ΪǿΧߣֹ޼еĴǿܡ
˵ţƶ˵ͷܲϼع޼ΪԲģԲһǧڣһİʮֻλԾǨޡ
ЩȻǳһĺ򣬲һκ൨ҴӺϷɹᱻ֣ʱ
޼ǱߣҲΪǿ̫࣬ŵЩҹ
ǾȰɣҸղѾϵ޼ǱߣһǱ߾ͻ˹ǡ
ȷʵû㹻ǿ޼ͱ̫ƽеǿռˡ
΢΢һЦҶĻ˫ۣվڿеȴ
Сʱ֮ҶĻ˫ۡ
ˡ
˳ǰȥ˵ӰӳҶĻ
λλԾǨǿߡ
ΪٽǿߣΪ߽׳Խߣ˶սһ߲ӵˡ
Ҳ̶ֳֻȵĶ飬ܹƬƽķɹ
ǵСӶӳĪ
ǵڶСӶӳ衣
ͣǰŲƶк
ҽвƶǺá˵ͷƶЦ˵
̶ӳˡǰ׳˶ĪһĺˮȻ٣Ӵֵطʱ䣬û
һǽˡ
̶ӳҪ죬Ǻܶӹƾ͵һˡĪ߽׳Խһ˵
ĪĵС˵ϣҶĻܹһ֮С
ʮҪȥ֮С
Ͼ˭޼ʺĵطһ꣬ܣˮܶҲһ
˿̣ĪеҪصأȥĳɹ
߰ɣȽȥ˵
񽻽ӣҾ뿪ʺĵطˡ
˵ţĪ޼ķʼȥ
ʮλԾǨľǿڣһͬ޼ȥеȻֻ·
һԽһǧ֮ҶĻǿ˴ŵеһ޼
޼𣿷Ȼǿ󡭡ǰǾ޴ĵ죬ҶĻ̾
ӳҶĻģһʮ־޴ĵ죬ڵϣ˸ʽľ·̡
ȥ̶һӵʱ䣬ҶĻ㿴ܹ˳Խߵľڡ
иʽķ֣ܵȵȵȵȣٲȻһ;»ء
ӵЩ̣ټ޼λڵ棬ҺЩǿܳġҡҡͷҶĻһ̾˵
λֵܣɱСѺЩǿߡ˵ţĪҶĻļ
ϲõķ̾ٽǿ֣ҲԹƣ滹д󺣺ӴĶλԾǨްΧԼһѸʽ̽Ǻͷ豸ټЩǿء
ȱνȱҲֻǶЩΪڻǿ߶ԡ
Ҫ֪ÿλԾǨǿ߶ӵԼͻҲԼܹѺĴǿߣǵһ쳣졣
Щ£ܹӳ

ȷʵ
Ե˵ͷĪĻҶĻ뵽Լ
ҶĻԼǳ죬ܹǿ㣬ӵӽǣӵԤУһڼһС
ϵô࣬ȻҶĻӵйҲȻС
Щü࣬ʱпΪǿߵһ뷨µĹã޾ı仯
˵Ƿȼһ޼ҲһܹٷְٵĹѺסЩǿߡ


342 â
޵ĺͺҶĻ˻䵽˵ϡ
֡
ǰȥֻ޼ĴԶ
Ǽ֮ǰѾԶ¼޼棬޼У˼ط֮⣬Ƕܹ롣
ȴǲιһ޼
ĪΪף˴Ϸޱɭϵķʩ޼ڴ
޼λڵ£Ϸֻڶʩλڵһ޴ĵصԲŴ
վԲŵһԣ漴ֻԲĵĺһ˸ţԲŻشˡ
ŵж񡭡üͷҶĻǰһ򿪵ţЩ档
ʮס˵ţĪ΢΢һЦһʮ׺񣬷ΪʮĲ㣬Ҫ𲽴򿪡
ּǿҪţûһСʱҲǳ˵Ρ
߰ɣûʲôÿģ˼Ķ桭
˻֣Īǰݡ
ԡ
ոȥҶĻµëȫһΣдҶĻԺС
ҶĻҲһȫоΣŭѾڳսơ
żżˣĪ̻˻֡
޼øָǿȲƳɵģҵĵҲѾͿգڼΧȫǸ־綾壬ǿЧʴܳԼƻλԾǨǿϸ΢Զڴ󲿷ٽµǿ߶ԣݱΨһĳ·
ΪΨһĳ·ȻҪϼӷͨжװ˾;ǣһٽǿҲܵشǲŻָо
ҪѧӦҸʱҲһÿһγʱﶼе㷢ë
ûˡ
;ǡüͷҶĻϴܵĽǽڡ
üһһԽй΢͵ıѾˣ͡
⻹ֻһڡ
Ҳԣ޼Ѿһٶˣһٶ治֪Ѻ˶ǿߣЩǿߵҲ꣬˵һٶ޼һֱûмٹ
һ¹ѺһһٶҲһӴ֡
ҪѺôǿߣҪӵгǿԼ
˵˼תݻ½š
Ӻͣ
ˣѾ˵ٶ׵ĵط
߰ɣֱӴȥϿ⣬һỹҪᣬٸǱҲˡ
ܣҾͲȥǱˣֱȥǱߵ㡣ΪڶСӶӳĳ˸к
С
˵ͷ漴Īһ·Ͽȥ
˳΢谵ͨһ·ǰУԼʮ֮Ͽ⵱С
һо̨ԣ˹޼һϣҪ˽޼õѡ񡣡
ȿȥԸ
֣ĪҶĻˣ뿪
ˣ޼Ѻ治ѵҶĻˣ˵ǰ㿪ʼ

СʱСʱ֮ҶĻ޼һΪ򵥵˽⡣
޼101꣬¹Ϊ㡣
еһҶĻһ㣬һ㲢δѺκδǿߣפǿϢ֣Լ칫ĳ
ӵڶ㿪ʼǴǿĵط
ڶѺڶŽ׳ǿߣЩŽ׳ǿ߼ӵǹ֮Ĵڡ
ѺǳԽ߲εĶλԾǨǿߣԼٽǿߡ
ĲѺǿ߾Щˣȫٽнǿߣ͹ѺҲ޼еҪص㡣
㣬޼ΪҪĵط
ڵ㵱УѺλ󽫼ĳǿڣλǿһǵ淸еļ´ڣǴֱ֮ʷΪļλ֡
ǰλǿߣڵ㣬λнǿߣԼһλŽ׳ǿߡ
λнǿ쳣죬ȴǿߵ׼֮µ˿ѷɫڰλǿߡ
λŽ׳ǿߣȴҶĻΪԾ
âŽ׳ǿߣӵѪʧص±ԶǧߵǿսʧΪʱսʤǿߣҴ˻ӵмߵľ񾳽磬ƿһܹŽǰ
ԣʣ޷ȷ״̬ʱѣʱңս̫޴Ϊʧض¾ˡ
ǱԼ㣬޷ɶλԾǨ
üһ⵽ǲˡɴ˫ۣҶĻֱ˳
һŽ׳ǿ߾ȻܹѹǿߵսѾΥ̫ĳ
ʣǿȣԾȣԣ״̬ȵȵȵȣЩͻƵģѵ죿
ɶλԾǨ¾Ԫ˧ҲĶ֡
ҺãֹＶĴڱռˡ

ҡҡͷҶĻǰϡ
ٴιһСʱ֮ҶĻǿǰϣ޼ҲһΪ˽⡣
޼ҿӦý޼ͰŶԡʱһѾϵĻŭҡͷ˵
ȷʵķʩνһ岽һڣ޼ӵǧֲͬõ̽ǣ¸Ǳ׻⣬ǿΣ֮ΪͰΪ˵ͷ˾ͽΪͬ˵
ܲ͸磬һķֶ£ȥһʱ䣬Ƿ˰Խ¼ⲿԤı
ҺãЩ¼ɹ߽⣬ЩԽǿҲץˡ
ʵ벻ͨǿ󣬿Ĳ£Щǿӳġ˿˾ͽǲ֮ɫ
벻ͨͲҪ룬ʶʱ֪ˡ΢΢һЦƶվӴҲˣղĪҷţ˵ʼߵʮ֣ûĻǾ͹ȥɡ
էñ˵ȿɲһϰߡ
УѾˣʱܳҶĻ˵ͷ
ͬҶĻһҲ˵ͷ
ȻˣǾ߰ɡ
˻֣ҶĻˣƶһ·ŻҶȥ
ڹۿʱ޼ĵͼѾ˼棬ּǿ߶ԣĿֻǻ
˳Ż谵ĺϽͨ˻ǰУʮ֮˻⡣
ҵĴŽգվ棬ȴܹ˵˵ЦЦ
ô͹ˡһţĪΪĽ˽˽ȥ
Ϊҽһ£⼸λѾǼҳΪСӵˡָҶĻˣĪһЦҵе˵
ͬʱҵе˺ҶĻˣҲ໥ŶԷ


343 ܽ
ĿɨӣһӵʱҶĻ㽫ɨһ顣
ҺܴڻҵаڷһŷǳĻˡ
һʮˣȫǶλԾǨľǿߡ
һʮλλԾǨĴڣܶ࣬ȫԣȴ㲻̫ࡣ
ϾǻĵĴıʮˡ
޼һӵжλԾǨĴһʮһˣһЩҪλפ֮⣬˼ȫ
ʱЩһĴҶĻˡ
Щһ޼һǿߣǶԣܹʺĵطףһܹ˸˵顣
Ϊҽһ¡˵ţĪָ˲ƶ
λǲƶսǵСӶӳҲǽҵǿߡ
λǻŭλ˾ͽ˶һ߲ʵ쳣ǿʢǿߡ
λҾͲý˰ɡָҶĻĪһЦĿˡ
õܣȻ޹ϢǺͨġһλǵǿվ
ñ콻ỪĵһŵͷΣһ֮Ϊ߽׳ԽߣںϣѹɱڳǰѵһľɱǣԬ
ĸλû˲ʶҶĻ
ˣһжʹȻҡҡͷҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц
ĵһţ˵顣ʱһλŷĺǿվܹһڴӰ˽߽׳Խߣںϣɲܹġ
ҽмֵ˼Ҫս㡣
ҶĻڼֵ˼пս⣬Ϊս⣬û˿
аǿһԡִģκθսҶĻܾ
ֵ˼Ҷ򲻹ҪսҿӦսŶԡ
ԣҵ°ܽԶǿӦս
ߣǼʲô˼һһͺˣʱ䣬㹻ÿ˺ʮˡ
ڶ߽׳ԽǣһȫվҪҶĻսò֡
ˡ
ʱڳһͷ߻˵
󣬵˵Ķȴһ㣬ʮֵĺء
ЩȻ֮˵ָָһԵλλһ˵ȿᡣ
ϣٸԵĴ̺˻ûеڿᣬе˰ɡһ۵İǿЩõ˵
ˡϿûһۣ޼ֲٸһҿģפҪλļλǿ֮⣬ֻʣٸԵļûе
ѵһٶλλԾǨĴڣǵļ˲ɡ
ҪǲˣԳȥ
˵ţߵ㿪ǰĵԣֻһͶӰ˻롣
׼ʼľٶЩٸԵǿȻһŭ⣬ǳȴ˵
λзսһ߲ȨˣǿߣģԪ˧
ڵһǿߵĴˣ⼸λٸԵǿȻǸŭԡ
ǺǣԲסеˡ
ʱһʮ˵Ķߡ
ͬڷ׸Уʹһ崺ĸо
˲䰲
漴ҵĴűشˡ
һۣϳʥ֮⣬ʹһİӴ˻˽
֮Ӿֱ˻һˡ
ղҴĸһ棬еˣλ¡΢΢һЦ÷Ǹ˵
ǿǴǿߡüͷһҶĻ̽񣬲ţ˵֮ʱҵоȻһɷǳҪԭĳ嶯
ٸǱ߶ڹƻ֮ΪͨԷ顣
ֻһ仰ѾΪ߽׳Խߵң˲Լͷ
ߣʼһδλٸԵĴֱ̣ǰĵ
ڷλ̲δ⡣
ǸһЦλǿ߱һ΢ЦĿǰͶӰڳһϴӡ
һУԵʮȻû˿֮С
죬޼һһȵܽ顣˵ţ˼ť
ֻϵͶӰ˲任һݡ
ȥһʱ䣬޼һ˰Խ¼ⲿϮ
ȻЩ鶼ǵ±ɹ⣬¶ǵĲ֮

ŷĻ£ϵͶӰһİӣԼĸݡ
޼ǿߣ߽׳Խ߰ɵ£196걻ռ࣬δֻ֪ͬų任йء
ʮʱдų任ȥóӦ÷ʽµӦ÷ʽϢĴڼεĶʮһּ豸ܿ˵һǧ׻ˣԼٶ̽ǵĸ֪Լϸ΢ֶΣ˷޼Ĵų
ǱߣǰװʮͷеַӰѾɹӳ޼
ٽǿգн׳Խϣ
һ˵ţһָŲϱ任ϢΪҽ⡣
Сʱ󣬷Žȥ¼Ĳ㣬Լԭ
ʱҶĻԼˣȴȫ
죬ЩѺ޼ˣǲࣿÿ˵ҲжʮֲõӦãеܹһЩţ༰Ķ
оרҼ
һȣҶӦüֱǸոѧ·Ӥ
ְ֮ҵԼͷȨЩ˵ѧ㶫ˡ
˵ͷҶĻб㿪ʼ
ˣȥܽ͵˵ţվ
ڣӭһ½ǿǡ
սǵεСӣƶҶĻŭ˾ͽ
ٸԵεڶСӡ
ʥŵεһСӡ
εڶСӡ
ŷĻ£ҶĻǿ߽վ˵ͷʾ⡣
һĸСӣʮˣиһλнǿߡ
Ϸһǵְ񡣡
սεСӣδһڵĿΪA13һд֮˵ľٶÿдһϸ汨ңݰһд֮˵Ļλã飬ճ飬ճȵȣϸ
ʥŵһСӸڶC6
ڶСӸΧ5
ٸԵڶСӸڶB9
˵ְעϸڣΧȵȵȵȡ
ٴι˰Сʱ֮󣬷Ļͣ
ڷĻ֮ҶĻҲһ
ͷʵ̫ˡҡҡͷҶĻҵĶͷ˾
Ҳֻвƶֹ̥ܹܵͷ漴ҶĻ˲ƶǱߡ


344 A13
˿̲ƶһŷĳƪۣû˿ͷɫ
ڣҶĻɲƶҪóһʼǱѷ˵Ķһһ¡
ˣ˴λ͵ɡ˵ͷرǰĵԣԭСӶСӽйӣθСʽʼְ
ɢᡭ
һۣ뿪˻ҡ
漴ٸԵλǿҲ뿪˻ҡ

λǿ߸һߣҵеֳ̱ԭΣһ֮ǰԵʮ⣬Ƽϵĵʧһ㡣
һǶҪѧӦҪǵĶӳѧϰǰĪЦҶĻ˵˵ͷ
ǲϰҲУԺÿ£һбܽ飬߶Ƿͷ
ÿһλ鼸һѷϻʱҲСʱ
СʱεҡҡͷҶĻ˿̲ЩȻôķϻ˵һ˵ϼСʱҲ
ͻϰߵģȴȥְ񽻽ӡ
߰ɡ
ҶĻˣĪ˳Ż谵ĺϽͨһ·ֱУǵСӵĵ̡
һ׷֮С
׷һа˸䣬ÿĿռ䶼СǿⲼãһʶڷͷǱ룬ȫѡ
ǵСΪҪĹ֮һ
˵ţĪָ˴Ǿ޴ĴĻ
޼һΪʮһͬÿ¶齻һοڿǱߣҲҪ˸𡣡
ĻҲҪһ򡣡
ĻǸֲͬļ豸ܹ򣬶κһּ豸Ļ߶ʾ
ǿԷģ幤ͦɵģÿС涼ʮ߽׽ߣشǿҪǣǾָߡ
ֻҪǲģ꣬Ҳһѡ񡣡
˵ţĪʼʾԼûӡ
ȥϤһ豸ȡ˯֮ǰ̻豸ʹ÷ʽ
߰ɡ
޼ĵһ㶼ڹСʱʱ䣬ĪҶĻ˶ߣ߱˵һ㣬ҲҶĻ˽⵽޼ļ豸εȱ̬
ֱʮ࣬ĪŴ˻
ʮ룬ҶĻʱڴϣһɫľš
Ī˾ͻ뿪صأȥ֮ʱҲǼʽϸڵʱ䡣
ϣεְҪ̫ġ
˫ۣҶĻһһ

峿޼һƬ谵ûһ˿
ͨͨѶҶĻ˽⵽ڵʱ䡣
ߵʮ֡
ҶĻ߰ɡ˻ŭ
ˡӦһҶĻ·̱˷š
ֻ֮Уƶŭ˾ͽ˶Ѿվ
ܶأҶĻΪɻʵ
Ǽһ賿ĵ֮ʱȲ뿪ˡҡҡͷƶ˵ˣҴѾŭǵĹ
ӽһµĹ
פصǵA13Ҫһ˽פء
һפأޱҪͲԹƽصÿ»һΡ
ҿʼһأڶǻŭ˾ͽĸҶĻ
ھͿʼ˵֮ǰҪϵA13ļصפء
˵ͷ漴̷˴Ļǰ
ˣҶĻһۣһͬ߳˷ţǱȥ
޼ֻһ·Ǳݣᴩ޼ݡ

ʮӺҶĻ˳½ٶףפصĵط޼㡣
ǿüͷһո߳ݣŭ㾪˳
ѺǳԽߣԼٽǿߣҵĸ֪Χ֮ڣٶλԽߣλٽǿߣ㵱йѺǿߣҲٶࡣ
ЩȻѺڸηжɢϢȴһǿʢһλ߽׳Խߣȫָܹ걬ҡ
Ƿϻ˾ͽҡҡͷ޼һٶ꣬ѺǿߵֻһٶôǿߺЩǿһѺηУ޷ȴܹоооƿ
ǵκһ˷ųȥܹͬʱɱλͬǿߵĴڡ
Щ˾ǿҲܲȥ
߰ɡ
˵ţҶĻ˳Ż谵ĺϽͨǰȥ
޼ÿһļһٶףÿһı沼ȴ޼
ɸǿȸϲƳɵǽڣ棬Լǻ谵ĵƹͽԹһ·ߡ
˳źϽͨҶĻ߹հ˹գ˽СʱǵĿĵء
A13
λڵ߽ǵ
˿̣A13ͨǰʮ߽׽жվ
λA13֣A13ȫԱָʾǰ˸һŽ׳ǿߴ˵
ȥA13ļңԱͿˡҶĻ˵ͷ
ס
λ
Ž׳ǿߴ·һ֮ҶĻ˱˵A13ļҵС
һռزƽףǽϹϰٸСһĻķ䣬뻹һάͶӰͶӰϸעÿһλĵص㣬״̬״̬ȵȵȵȡ
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΢ҶĻĶԻֻҶĻĶѾվһӡ
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Ӵóʮɫľ˵㶫㻹ȥҪİɡ


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ֻҪ˸ҶȥǿľҶĻһῪǹûһ㡣
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349 
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漴ٽǿ߽ӽȥ뿪
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ҶĻ쳣ϸؿһУһֻӷɹҶĻҲֻܹӶʱΡ
λٽǿڽ˹Ѻȥ˲䣬ҶĻ˾ͽϸоһ˿Ϣ
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ҡҡͷҶĻ˾ͽ󷵻˼ҡ
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ҶĻǶġ

ڶ졣
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ߵȥ¬Ǳߣ͵ʦ¬նڻӦ÷ʽȥĶǱתһȦص֮пʼһ˿Ĺܡ
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354 
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355 Ϣ
סʲôԼͬţλнǿɻ˵
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ĸµʱ䣬㹻ˡ
ҵͣһңռ㹻ϣʱ
ҶĻһʵҲδЩ̫ǿˣһʵһٽߣȴУȷʵе˼
˼ƻȽţȻҪ
˵ͷ˾ͽһصϢٶһţ˾ͽ㷵˼֮С

ͬʱ޼һķУĻǰͨ
ͨһ߲ӵеһλǿߡ
ھѪϢˡ
ŶĻеĴǿԭ޾ɣһ̱˾
ṩҵ˵ЩѪ޵쳣أûǣҲû̬֮ƹһ㣬ǵ̣⿿ӵ쳣ǿս
߸ոնɱһͷʮʵֻٽ𡣡
ʲôĻеĴǿ̾˳
ʬ壬ʬܲڼЩϡ
ˡ˵ţüͷ


356 
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ϣҸûбҪЦҡҡͷǹﲢնɱģǱ콻ĵһţҶĻնɱ
ҶĻ˵ǹȥ˲䣬ϳһĪĺɫ棬ɺɫ˲鲼ǹȫȵɫʧֻʣһ⡣
һ⾭Ա⣬ͬһһ㣬ʲôϢò
ôٴ£ĻеĴǿüͷѵûϢˣ
Уһʱ˵壬Ұϸ㴫ȥֲıз˵ͷʼеȫϽд䡣

ҶĻնɱ˵飬޼һ£ԣȴ㲻ʲô޼УҲ̫á
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һ˲䣬ҶĻоԼƿʯϵһ߸
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Ϊʲô


357 Կ
һԭ򣬶âȻű鶯ľϡ
ڣű鶯ԭǲģâѧĶ
ȭͷҶĻƺڰпäһ㣬г˸ָӵԼɡ
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Ҳĸµʱ䣬
ҶĻǿԼȶ漴˫ۣһŻӦ÷ʽһ߹۲Ŷâһһ

Ѻڵĸûˣλ׷ͯյÿԼԼ壬Է˯̲ͣѭһ˿ı䡣
âǾű鶯֮ȥϴ˸裬һڵϣãš
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ģôҵʵȻһʵķԾΪһִ˵е߾磬Ȼӵпܡ
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ռϵ˵Žǰ˱鶯ʮ顣
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ǿڵľʹҶĻʼǿŤתתڶ档


358 ĵ
һһҶĻͣתԼĶÿһתҶĻܹоޱߵľʹԼ嵱ӡ
Ŷı任ҶĻҲ˿˿ˡ
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ҪɹҪ嵱гǹɰ׹ĸо

ڵĽȣɹӦòԶˣ죬ұܹɹĵ㡣
ҡҡͷҶĻƽٶȿʼ
ʱһλ󽫼ǿߣΪĴڼҶĻȣȻᾪ°͵
ΪȻǴ˵е߾磬ȴвٴ󽫼֮ϵĴڶѾΪ㣬ʹõķȴͬ
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ҲҶĻڣԼƿ֮ҪκŶʮ
ʱٴһһŶȥҶĻԾڼ
һΣҶĻû֮ǰ׹⣬ڵȡ
Լоһư׹֮ٳһԴĵ㡣
ţˡ
֮ҶĻǱ߳һ˿Ц⣬漴ֹͣ


359 ĵķ
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һ˲䣬ҶĻ⿴һư׹һţоˡ
ͬâռдһ㣬һ˿о޷ʮ档
ڸоһư׹˲䣬ҶĻ˰ٰ˵壬
һҪɹһҪɹ
ûκԥҶĻ裬һ˲תȫ⣬оһ㡣
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һֻ̣ҶĻһ𣬿ͣض
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ʱҶĻܹʮĸоԼƿ֮ǰ
֮ǰҶĻѾƿ嵱еÿһطзʱҶĻʱȴֻҪ֮ǰһ뾫嵱еκһλԼֱһ㣬ͷ΢һܹʹ䷢ƿ֮ǰ
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׼˲䣬һͷ˵ǰ
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С̸ȥѹҡ
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ʱλǿѾڳ֣˵Ĵ£޼ƱػһѪѹ
ڶ죬һϢȫǿ߼
޼󽫴ǿϮһ֮ڣʧϰǿȺԽ
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һʱ䣬ȫٿؼ顣
ʱ΢еͷԵ˶ܹóˡ

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ʱ޼ٷ֮ʮĶλԾǨǿߣۼڻ֮УλԾǨĴȫһ
˴޼¼ÿһλλԾǨĴڶѣڴǵ
ķһۣ漴ɫƽİǰİťһ޼ʧǿԿһ
ŷ°ťһͶӰݳ˵ǰݵĻ޼еηֲͼ
˿̵ηֲͼУȴ㣬Щŷˡ
ڵķֲͼУûκһ㡣


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363 һ
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Ǳֵˣ̷ظԵĻء
վȡһ˹жնҶĻ
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޼һ㣬սǵСӵĴ֮С
˿ֻ̣֮ʣˣҶĻƶ
Ǻǣһһǡ˿̣ƶϣԵЩį
ҵһκͱһͬɱʱȺʱСӵһоŸˣȫֻ࣬һ˻
ʮһǰҺȥִ񡭡
ʮǰܲɸҡ
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𣿴ҲãνӢۣ˵ηˣһܹΪڶԪ˧
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£ҶĻҲʱԼͨϼĵжδĸָ

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̷δڵ֮УҲ˵СֻҶĻһҪػء
˿̣ϷѾվʮλλԾǨǿߣЩǿһԵЩĬԶ
һ϶׻ȥ֮ŽΪĬˣҶĻ΢΢˵ͷ
ˣ໥֮ڲɱɱȴû˻ϣʮǰ֡
һ֣ˣѣֵܣŮˣһһȥ嶼пܻᱻҲ⡣
ȰɣϣҳԴͷֲ޳Ȼûо治뾭
վԭأҶĻԶƲ㣬ſ˼Լ˼Ρ
ʮӹһ͸Ʋ˴ء
֡
һ˲䣬ϰǿߵͨѶͬʱ
һһʮǿ߿ʼ뿪˵졣


364 
һһʮλԾǨǿԵ𽥷룬ֻһӰ˲ʧߡ
սǵǿһжʮһΪнǿߣΪٽǿߣΪ߽׳ԽߣȻҶĻҲС
ͬһʱ䣬޼׿ĺϡ
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ٽǿߣΪнǿߣнǿߵУȴһλҶĻˡ
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ˣĿѾ뿪޼սǵķȥһٽǿ߹ضԹ˵
ʱûдȻ´˵Զĺ档
ϣβҪ
ʱ䲻࣬ʼжɡ
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˵ͷһۣٳǰʼȥ̼ʧ˺ϡ

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ܺãҲΪʲôǺϴһһֲĸоأüͷǰһĴ󺣣ҶĻвЩơ
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΢磬һ·ۣתۼǰСʱʱ䡣
Сʱ֮ԾںϼۣΧȻһĴ󺣣Ǹûжһ㡣
ȴףѾ˾޼ʮ֮

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֣һĺô޼һûʲô𡭡
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죬Ҫ죬Ȼܵ
ͷȶδܶٶȳҶĻǱ߸ȥ

ȻˡеĴ豸ҶĻɻĿ˿ܡ
»þ˻ûҲһнǿߡ
Ȼܹնɱٽǿߣнǿ߼ĲԾʮ־޴󣬼ǰʮķҲ޷ֲнǿߣܹѾǺܲˡ
뿪˵


365 

δֻܶһɽɫҶĻϳ֣һ˲䣬ҶĻʧ
ϢΣȫʧˡ
ӣ񡭡
ͻȻһɱǧǹ
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ɲҶĻʧĵطΪģ˲ɢ˷Բǧס
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ҶĻȻϵĿԲ󣬲Ϊļƻǧ֮һļʣҲҪ
ɱ㣬ӵҾȥսһ߲ٴ׷ɱ㣬ֱΪֹ

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ҶĻȻţ˶ףҶĻ߽׳Խߵʵʮа˾Ӳһء

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ǱǵУһɫʮֲ԰ףǴһ˿Ѫ档
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Խߵƿǹ̶ģǶûа취СֻƿǿߣܹԼƿС
СƿܵǿڵҶĻƿѹǱǵУȴ˽
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Щǿߺпܻҡ
ȻҲ֪ЩΪʲôҪɱңʵˣΪʲô
ȭͷҶĻɱ֣漴ҶĻóһʷУʼԻָԼơ
ͬʱֻҶĻƿڲ϶ҶĻ
ƿǵĲҶĻȻˣȴӰ


366 
ZXǱһǰУҶĻ棬š
ҶĻƿһսѵһѾȥҶĻԽΪ򵥡
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ʮҶĻԭֻѹڲڵƿʧȡ֮ģҶĻƤһεķ㡣
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˵ţҶĻмᶨ֮ɫ漴ֻҶĻһתǰʮСӡ
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˵ͷҶĻóһ๦עעһͷӵ֮УһͷԼұеѪܡ
š
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£һ˲䣬ҶĻֻоԭޱ޼ʵʹǿʮЩʹֱεȥ

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ͨڶΪħɾ֮ħΪãҲͨڡ
֮ǰҶĻɵͨڶ㣬ֻ˵ǴͨڶƤëΪܹ֮õڶ衣
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369 Ҿ
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370 
ҾϹ̫Сģٵһȡ
ɫҶĻԾվԭûж
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СʱҶĻҲûκηֱ֣ʱҶĻŷġ
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377 ֮
սڼλͷ˵֮˻϶ܿзɱʱѪҺ
ڶǿǰͺ̵ɱʽԾմȾ˶ԷѪ
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Сʱʱ䣬ҵֻк˶ڽǰļۿ
Сʱ˷ſݻļ
ļϸشڤѷһ쳣صСͺڶСͺڶڡ
Ԫ˧ⶼġָǰļһнǿ߽Ͱ͵˵
ǧȷȷϹġڤƽĵ˵ͷ
ڴֱ֮ǰĿƼѾչһƿ״̬ʱĿƼʮɵĵ򣬲Ҳֻǵȥѣ̽Ծɽޡ
ϸ˵ǵһϸ̽ࡣ
һʮǰֲ޳ûзһǿߵıҲãǱ˺ȥ̽˼˳취̫Լʵ
һǰȥıǵʱȫ繫򿪷ߵˣԬ
ЩҺԬ뷢ֵġ
ڣҿĸߴңһжģԼе
룬ĵȷȷڿͨԿסӣڤѵıǰδеࡣ
򣬾ԼҲǲ˽ܡ
ѵΪһЩνĲܹʹڶ̶ٶڳΪģ൱вôİ滯
ǲܵģЩ޽ԭĻ򣬲ֻһԿףΪǿ˽ĴţǿԼ
Ҳ˵ڹŴ֮ɴڽߣڳԽߣߣûԿ׵£ǿдƼΪڵǣȻֻǼĴڡ

ڤ˵֮󣬻֮ٶȰ
Ľ˶ԭ򣬵˵Ĵһ˶ΪŴ˻ڽΪûм
ڤȴ˵ˣȻλһǿ˵ֻҲʹţһжġ
òŻɣҪ˶Ǳܹࡣ
ڿԺܸεĸǣ˵һǧǰͼռġ
֪һǧǰĽ̫赲һƽ٣ڼǸСͺڶʱ㱻֮һεĻ֣㻤ַѵԿס
һ㻤֮ǿȣңҲԶԶ
ǲ֣һλµĶϸԵ֪
һж롭
ڣҪٵģԿױȡ֮Ľѡ
Ҳ˵Ԭ֮ǰΪһķӣڷСͺڶ֮ʱѾһ˼Ҫоˡ
Ҫʵ壬Ϊ飬Ҳźںնɱ
Ϊ֮ʲôͲ˵˰ɡ
ҵĻ͵
˵꣬ڤѶһԵˮ
ڤѵⷬѾˣҵеڶߣۿⳡߣȫ𾪵С

ûиŴ໥ײûиüͷҶĻԺһʡ
ŴʲôΪʲôûйǵļأŴڲò´ģɹֻмһȺηģΪʲôҪռŴײʵΣ
ʲͣҶĻԺлص
ҶĻڶǿһҲһȫʡ
ͬսغһ˴ڻص֮Ҳ֪顣
Ŵˣϣϣġ
üͷһҶĻһ˿⣬漴ҶĻԺиֳ롣
Ҿر֮ҵģôŴνҲͿԽͨˡ
ƿΪ󾳽磬һûʲôڶѴﵽŴ֮ʱвٸ˴ﵽˡ
Ϊȴһ쳣ľ磬־粻Ҫ̫ֻҪһҵĵ㣬ôһͨˣҲ̳Ϊһ׽ߡ
ҺٶȸǱ̬ľˡ
ʯϵǸΪΪ㿪ʼģôŴ˶Ȼҵĵ֮ŽģһʶԽˡ
񻰴˵Уϣڻɽһ˯ʮ꣬пǽԭ򡣡
ȻΪˣȻΪˡ
µô£Ϊʲôûκá
üͷҶĻµٶȳ֡
ʽģҰݽܹﵽ̶ֳȣѵܳΪ滯
Ǳ߸ô죿ԬɹΪ滯ôǷӰԸ񣬶Ȼǿнͨ򿪣ͷˡ
ȾŶԣѧоһУͲȥܡ
ҶĻڲ²⣬ͬҲڲ²⣬͹ŴϢʵ̫𾪣κҲ޷ڶʱڽܡ

ף͹Ŵ飬һʱ֮Խܡվޱ˵
ڲǿǽʱ򣬹ϵСͺڶǸ
ԬΪڣʱǱкܴĿҪ֣һȿֲ޳ҪĽѡ
ڣѪ޵ĹѾһѾȫ
ԬԸҺԪ˧˽⣬Ŀֻһоˡ
һɹƱػǰȥͨҪǰ׼
Ҿһ߲Ӵ󲿷нǿǰͬ˴˽
򲢲󣬾Ŵ֣ȫԽ
ٽǿߣʱ׼ɢᡭ
ҶĻ
£ڶǿ߳˻ңԵء
һӹ󣬻ҵбֻʣˣҶĻڤѡ


382 
Сӣʲôʶ𣿡һɻҶĻڤһЦ
ûʲôЩˡҶĻҡͷ˵
ʲôþģһٶȻǸͷӣѵΪ׳ɣڤüͷ˵ϷԾĻСӡ
Ҳ֪СŪķȻҵĵ㣬òƻԾǸ˵ʮ귽Ŵľ
֪ĵǴǿߵרСٽǿߵݱܹһ㣬ǳĲ
ͷڤ̾
ϻ˵һ£ԸԸȥ򡭡
ȥ򣿡ü侪֣ҶĻû뵽ڤѾȻʳ⣬漴ҶĻ˵ͷû⣬Ȼԡ
Ŷ㲻ԭʹӦˣˣڤѲЩ档
ΪһǿߣҪҼֱ練ƣɱңҲû˸˵ʲôȥ򣬶ȻǶкô
ôǺǣҪôҪԼȥȡҵܴܵ˵ķϣҸһλᡣ
ܲܵõôͿԼˡ
ڤѻ䣬ҶĻ¶һ˿ϲ⣬ܹڤѳ֮Ϊô飬Ƕڴǿ߶ԣҲȻǳ󣬸˵ҶĻˡ
ڤѲδֱ˵ʲôôǳƬ̣Ѿҵĵ㣬㣬Ϊ˽١
Ϊ棿
ûʲô˽⣬ֻǸоǳȴûκͷҡҡͷҶĻΪɻ˵
ҲԣСʱƨһ㡣ڤѵ˵ͷ
ҸһλᣬһνӴŴпܻ澳Ļᡣ
ȵ˵賿ߵ󲿶ӾͻʱһͿˡ
û⡭
˵ͷҶĻҲڤѵ˼ת뿪˻ҡ
磬ҪС𣿡ŸոձϵĻҴţ˼˵
ǺǺǣܸ˭أ
ѾǿεĴţȥﲻκΰ˷ѵһ
ҵЩϼһʱֻҪҲȥôܹڳһһСá
ţ춨ǳСӼȻѡСӵĴˣҷһΡ
ˣ׼Լȥǽڳ˵ţڤѿ
ʱ仹磬ʱ˵ɡҡҡͷ

߳¥ҶĻͷ̫롣
һ飬׵߸ҶĿ벻һ˶ܣŴʲôأ
ѵʯϵǳϣģĿ
ȰɣԪ˧ִ򣬽ӴĹŴ֮󣬻һжж۰ɡ
ŴϢȫµ߶ԣһξ޴ޱȵľһʱ֮Խܡ
һʱ䣬Ŵصеĸλǿ߶ԵóĬԣеʼƴҼعŴ񻰵ĵ伮Ҫҵ˿
ҶĻҲһ
㽣ɻ󣬻һ˿˿¡
ѹסһиӵ飬ҶĻ·ķУʼ
һֱڶ磬ҶĻȥһԼеľӦʣԼ֮ŷط
賿㣬ҶĻֹͣ
˿̣ҶĻܹоغصߵϢ˺ü
ϢϿڼϵнǿʮǿټԪ˧ӦþսפĶˡ

Ŵ
˶ҶĻö춨սֱ߳˷š
ϵصڤѷԸǻصΪҪĵطвԺ
ڤѸӣҶĻһ·裬˻֮ΪҪĵطв
ֻڿвԺʮǿжվЩǿߵǰڤѡ
ˣҶĻϽС˶󷽡
šѾ룬ѷɴŪڤѶһԵĿԱ֡
ס
ŷɴ㡭
óͨѶԱ
ԱĻ£ֻдԺʮֿĵѿˣ漴һҳʮףͺһһķɴ˵档
Ԫ˧ɴϣȫκ⣬ȼܹ֮ŴΣʱԳ

һӣڤ߽˷ɴĴţ漴ҶĻν˷ɴ֮С
ɴڲֱͬĻһ㣬ʮּ򵥣ֻλҶĻЩˡ
һӺ
䡭
Էɴ·𣬶ֻɴɢһۿɼĲܲͣɢ
Ų֣ɴ˰С
䡭
ͻȻڷɴٶ׵ĸ߿ʱֻɴ˲٣Լٶȳ̫ձȥ
ݣٶȡ
ûиеٶʲôʱôˡ
ǿвѹ׵Ķٶȡ
졣
ɴٶԶԶλǿߵԤϣ֪λнǿߵͣȫԼɵϣǲȫٷеĻʱʮСʱңȻҷɴٶȴλнǿȫеٶȣҪϽҡ
ҲҪ̫в쿴ݣҷɴִֻҪʮСʱҵʱ䣬ǾҲûʮСʱڵִ򡣡ƲƲ죬һнǿ˵
ȷʵƼ⻹ǱƷ
ʱһȺǿߵ»Ŷȥһգ۵Ĺ򣬷ɴѾ̫֮С
̫գ湻ڰġ

һƬڰ̫գҶĻв˿˿ֵĸо
֡ô£
üͷҶĻĸоЩԻ
ʱڤѵˣСӣĵˣһ̫չۿǿʱ涼һĺôץʱ䣬гʱ̡ܶ
Ԫ˧üͷһҶĻڤǱߡ
˿̣ڤޱƤӶûж

Ϊ棬һԡ
Ԫ˧΢΢˵ͷҶĻųλǿʱӵʼĵ㡣
ͻȻһ쳣ĸоҶĻͷ
һƬҶĻĵܣ˫Ϸֵһڵ֮⣬ǺһƬûκζ
ȻҶĻ͸ɴǿʱڲȴһ˿ķӦ
һ⡣
һǰĹâҶĻһ
ɲǼ䣬ҶĻˣ˱ĸ㡣
ˣȻҿˡ
пϲ֣֮ҶĻǿŴгĳ嶯ĵ㣬һŵĸɿ˹ȥ
һ̣ҶĻоԼǰĸ㣬ĸ֮ǰ͸оĵ㡣
˫ۣҶĻ³һ
˿̣нǿ̸ţûзҶĻ


383 Ƶ
嵱мΪصĴڣǴµĵ㣬Ҳκʲô
һԣܷһԴ򿪶㡣
ѹס飬ҶĻ˫ۣٴθ档
һΣҶĻôԣҲҲ֮ǰĸо֮гѾ򿪵ĵ֮⣬һֱǺһƬκ֡
Сʱ֮ҶĻ˫ۣεҡҡͷгʱޣһš
޼ôãҲûܶһ㣬ֻǸһΣĸ㡣
Ȼһж̫ǿ󡭡
ҡҡͷҶĻٶȱ˫ۣʼ̽ĸµ÷

ʮСʱһ߼Ĵڶԣֻ̣ܶһգ۵Ĺ˱ѾԶǾ޴ޱȵ
֡
ʾֻ֣ڼٷеķɴ𽥿ʼٶȡ
顭
ʮӺ󣬰һ΢𶯣ɴ䵽˵ϡ
ǡ
Żش򿪣ڤΪף߳˷ɴ
𣿡
̤ı棬ֻе֮һԼ״̬ҶĻǰ滯֮дһʱ֮仹ЩӦ
ҶĻһǰǿһüͷȻǶĻΪʡ
ιңҵѾˣϾʹ˹ȥ
û⡭˵ͷڤѹҶͨѶ
ߡ
˻֣ڤȳǰȥ
ֻе֮һһ˱о쳣ɣٶһء
ڤѣһ·ֱУСʱ󷽲ͣ
ǡ
ոֻͣǰĲԶͻȻѿһԵܳ漴˳
ǰΪϣʮ꣬κ׳˶顣
Щ͵վһ·˵ĸоҲûκα顣
ӣǴǿߡ
磬ԸˣһƨûеĹطʮһ꣬ûұ
ǰӾֱڤһܱ
Ǻǣİɣֲǲ֪οɲҴˣŴǰλǿһפԲġ
ߣȽȥЩһﻹûʶ⣬ǿ۽硣
ļڤѴ߽֮С
Ǵ͵ģɰңҶĻ˽ȥ´ࡣ
ǡ
˽ݣ漴ֻԼٶȿʼ½
һӣӣӡ
СʱҶĻȫüͷΪݻ½С
ǸСͺڶòºɡȻ½еݣҶĻ²⵽
ҶĻ˶Լͬ˼ϾѾ½ٶ๫ˡ
ǴСʱȥ¶һȻ˵ɫ
˿̣Χ¶ͻȻߣһǧңԣѾº֮УҲֻº˷ӵ˸ߵ¶ȡ
ʮӺͣ漴Żشˡ
ǰģһʮֿԵ쳣ĺϽͨ
ǣԺǵļˡſ˫֣һ΢Ц߳ݣﻷͦãһʱұ֤뽫һѻˡ
ͱϻˣЩ˻϶û⣬ȴǹȥ鵱еһǿ߲ͷ˵
û⣬
˵ͷ˳źϽͨһ·ǰ
Ͻͨһǧҳ;տڣ˳ֱһ·ͨľͷ
ֻͷһֱҵԲδš
Ų֪ɺֲƳɣΪ⣬ڴ֮ϱҶĻĹʽӵоžŰʮһĹʽ
ǹʽһԻΪȽĻ֤
ÿûµĻǧҪţſϴķ֮ɵģһһɿȴǿȫһķ
ÿ֮ǰһףСĿʼϵһһ򿪡
ſˡ
ź״ȴһš
źţźţһֱ˾ţ˷νĵ㡣
һƽҵĺϽ𷿼䡣
˿̣˶˹ȥ
ڤ˵ǸСͺڶ
ֻڷ룬һֱԼΪһ׵СͺڶתţźڶתֻоƱȥһ㣬֮ɫ

ڿСͺڶ˲䣬˵ĵһо
һ˵
СͺڶܣȴһεĻ֣㻤޷ȴܹоԻ֮ɢƣһȱƶаơ
ǿ಼µ𣿡ɴ˫ۣΨһһֵܹҶĻѾˡ
ҶĻ˫ۿԿǿ㡣
֮ǰҶĻ㳢ԵĿڤѣڤҶĻȴһƬɫ˽ɫǽɫʲôûУȻ㻤ҶĻȴһһ㡣
ҶĻڻϿ˾ɫֲͣתͣ仯ɫɫı仯£ָҶĻһȱĸо
ڣҶĻΪըˣĻҲκ𻵡
ˣԪ˧˵㻤һﵽ滯εǿߺķŲµģǿ߻һж

Ŀתһ̣ҶĻߵǽϷ˶
ߵĽǽϣһʯǶ棬ʯϿ֡
ЩֽΪƳ飬ҶĻĻ̶һ˶ԣֻǿеݣҲǼѣͬϣµʯһ
ʯһǧٶ֡
һλΪƵƳɮ޷ϹԲѳɷʣҪѰҷ֮顣
λɮɳ磬һվ
ʱλɮѳɷҲ˵ѾΪ滯վϣܹоСͺڶĴڣԼСͺڶйڿռ䴩Խ˿˿١
˳Ÿ٣λƵɮ룬ڶ
ʱڶ֮ɴһ㻤֣һ㻤ֵȴѾҪʧ
ƵɮΪǷִָֽƣҪڶִκΣڶ֮󲢷Ǵ˵еļַǰǵ
ʯƵɮۿħԺڶ֮ܶ
Щħʶԣʶԣֻ֪ɱ¾
ΪħƵɮ˴ͬħѪս
κΣڶ֮еħ޾һ㣬ѪսºƵɮˣʱƵɮִ˵֮š
Ϊ󷲽̫ƽƵɮѳħķںڶ֮Ϸӡħڴˡ
ڷƵֵĺ滹һ仰˽ǣŲɿ


384 Ŵ
죬˷ſʯϵݡ
ô˰ɡɫԴ͵ˣڤ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ƵɮƳķŸˣѧϵ輴طʦҲԶԶܹΪ棬ƼɾҲûпܡ
ҵ﷢СͺڶʱƵɮźǿǧ겻źȥ֮Żֵ󡣡
Ȼ˵Ѿȥǧ꣬ڶһǷ񻹴νħҲ֪ţڶ֮һӵвбļҲϡ
㻤ȻȱǿޱȣȴͬΪǿߵĺһԬΪʱ򡭡
ڤѻˣ˶ףڶҲܴ򿪣һ򿪣пҪٱȿֲ޳ҪĽѡ
Ȼֻּɶ࣬˲Ҷġ
Ѿ꣬߰ɡ
ҡҡͷڤȴ˳ȥ˽Ըڤ
ڤѵ˽һأڤѽ˽ʱֻһ׵ķأߵַ죬Ѿһͻء
зݣʩϵͳһ߲ӻصеĶﶼС
СʱĴ£˶ٺãҲԼְ
˿̣ҶĻڤڤǰİ칫ҡ

ָָһԵӣҶĻڤһͬȥ
ǺǺǣСӵıѾ֪ԭˣǹǴλ顣
ڸ֮ǰһ⣬ڵĹŴ˽١ҶĻڤһЦ⡣
Ŵ֮ǰҶڹŴûκ˽⡣ҶĻҡҡͷڿ˷Ƶɮʯ̺νĵŴӦƵɮ龳缫ߵˣΪɵġ
ԣֻǼ˵Ļܱ֮Ϊѵ
о֣ҶĻԺ̳һ䵨Ĳ롣
ǺǣѾеüĿˡˣڤ΢΢˵ͷ
ĹŴϸ˵ܹ׷ݵʱǸʱʼһֱǻĶ˳֣֮඼ƼΪ˽ڣܹƵɮɾˣȴ֮٣ֻǵĻȴͲܹ֮Ϊֻ˵ǵŴһЩ˰ˡ
ܹ֮Ϊģʱӵдڵʱܹ֮Ϊ
Ŵйǻĵһֲϸ˵ӦָǴսʱڣǸʱڣǻĹŴĲʢʱڡ
Ӱټңټ֮о˼߸ǲǸʱڣǻĹŴ˼뾳Ϊʱڣ֮ӻԾ佻ݺᣬǸʱڣǻĹŴʱڡ
֪Ӱټʱһܹȴڣڲò¿󱲼򵥽֮·ķҲΪˣǸʱڣܹ֮ΪĹŴʱڡ
ϧǲûвȫҲûа֮ȥ֮û֣֮ǸʱҲû䣬Ϊ񻰴˵νĹŴʧʱĳ֮С
ԴӰټҵʱ󣬻˼ͳһѳ֮УҲֻɢɢһЩܹɾģǼûС
ںִǸʱæڱΪƿǣν龳磬˭ȥֱ̽ڣٶȿ
ʱգǵĽȻԶʱϣȴԾɲǸʱ
ҲǻģĹŴҲйΪ籩ֹĶݽ
ڣҸĻᣬǽӴЩĻᡭ
ڤһ˵ݣҶĻһݡ
ҶĻȴ֮С
ĹŴԾɴŽһ߱ϵͳĽҶĻԣֱ붼롣
һֱҶĻΪνĻĹŴֻǼ򿪽ĴڶѣȻӰټʱĵһʱȴ׵߸ҶĻ֪
Ԫ˧ѵһʱˣţ죬ҶĻʵ
ĻӦмȻţûм
ҶĻɻڤЦҡҡͷ㣬ڹŴҳΪ˴ǿߣֵ֮֮棬ô
ң
գգۣҶĻ˲ˣˣʱȻսңȴû֮ټЩڶѾԼ˼ͨ鱾ǣһ֮󣬶Ȼȥ̽档
ҵ뷨ˣЩʵĴڣ֪ȻҪǿ򱶣Ӧȥ̽ˡ
һЩǿߣûԵ飬˵ɴĳһ
Ԫ˧ûڵĻνӴԶأüͷҶĻһɻˡ
СӣڤָԶǱߣ˼֮ǵĴУҸһνӴһеĻᡣ
һνӴʥһʥ֮Ļᡭ
Ǳߡӡ
ѵǡǡڤָķҶĻٴδ󵨵Ĳ뵽
ڻϣʱĸ˶żǴУһЩʱ֮ĸˣҸĻᣬǽӴӴеĻᡣ
ǵͼơ˵ţڤѽҶĻһݵӵͼһöơ
Ʒǽľ֪ɺƳɣԵúء
ӵͼлǱߵĴȿһҰСʱ㡭
˵꣬ڤѱ뿪˰칫ңҶĻһ
ǵĴһ
ӵͼȱעһ㣬еĵط˵ͼ֮⣬һǧ֡
һǧֽ˻ǵĴԼ˴δеĴ
٣Ҳܼ򵥣֮ǣϲûˡ
ҲˣˣﻹжλԾǨޣЩ˺޶ǴӵǨƹȥġ
ֲ޳Ȼʧ˴ǿߣҲ޾ɱ˴ǿߣǿ߶ԸκǱǵѡټǱ߻ŴĴУЩɢǿ߶ԣֱʥء
أ֪λԾǨޣǻ۱Ѿѷɫ࣬߼޸Ǻһ޶ȻܹȥôȻҲԡ
ϾŴĽźܴĲ죬ŴڻϺܲĺܲӵ󱲵ֶΣȴ쳣ª
Ŵľ裬֮Ϊһǡǡִ෴ִڻֶοǧ㣬֮ȴĽ׶Ρ
ԻǶκߵĴڶԣǱأȻһжһǰᣬҪȥʵĵ㡣
Ŵǿߵ֮·ǽĵ֮ϵģûĵ㣬һжȻ


385 ڶ
Ŵߵ·ִȻͬ
Ӱټʱߣܹĵĸ˲ивѾĴڣЩͨԵַˣ͹Ŵ
Щ˵ʼȴΪʼ㣬ִ˵ʼȴһλԾǨͬƿ󾳽ûһëǮϵ
ֽȻͬʼ㣬Ĳص㡣
Ŵ֮ΪִػĽ֮ǰֶοǧ㡣
Ĳصǡǡ෴պÿγɻ
ǣĵԣǱء
ǣǶȻҪȥġ
Щǿܹ֮ĵ㣬ΪĹϵѾļޣ£һĪı仯ʹʵԶĵ㡣
ӴŴĻȴΪʱŴĵ㣬ЩǿȴѾļޣǲƿҪĻǳΡ
ǽӴŴҲһΪľ硣
ҲͬȻûйŴִ֮ܣͨ˵ĵ㣬ȴֻǳߣһǸոճΪߡ
ҵ״̬ȫԽܹŴУǵĲߵõĶȻЩǿҪ
ǣһҪȥ
ɿȭͷҶĻѾ¶˾ġ
֪ǵӴпɲǿЦġ
ڤѸҶĻѾעӴÿʮһΣܴеĿɲҶĻһˣǿ߽ʱŶǰȥӵĴУб㲻һЩͬҶĻһźʹǿߣһǵ㣬ûǿפأ﷢ʲôҲû˻ȥܣνΣޱȡ
ҶĻҪȥΣ
ʮӺ󣬰칫ҵٶȴ򿪣ڤѴ˽
СӣǵôˡɫᶨҶĻڤһЦʵҪǱ߿ûνȫƾʵ˵һʱȥġ
ŴⶫȻҪǲֵǮ
ô
Ԫ˧㿴ҵӻѡȥ𣿡ָָԼı飬ҶĻּᶨ˵
뻢ѨɵûӣұЩǿ߶ҪʺϽܴУһҪȥ
ţе־ν໥ìܵģԼǾԵȷڤѵ˵ͷȻҪȥͰⶫϰɡ
ǡ
ڤнӹһƴСɫʯͷҶĻɻĿڤѡ
ʯͷ֮ʮ꣬Լ֮ԽеԵС
ȻֻһΣһεȴͨĴǿˣڹؼʱ̱һ
˴ǿߡлԪ˧о֣ҶĻȭл
л־Ͳ˵ˣҪлң֮ٸһξϲͿˡ
߰ɡ
˻֣ڤѴҶĻ߳칫ҡ
һ·ֱУ˳ͨͣǰһͬСͺڶһ޶Ĵǰ
򿪴ţһ˲䣬ҶĻԭء
ڶ
֮ǰǸСͺڶһ޶Сͺڶ
ͬͬղܣСͺڶܣȴû֮µĻ֡
Ԫ˧ǡָǰСͺڶҶĻ֪˵ʲôǺá
Ŷ·ĹߣǸСͺڶһпռԾĹܣڼ̵ʱڵִǸ
ѵҪԳɴȥҵͣҲҪСִܵǱߣǳɴûһǳ˵Σһ֮ǱߵĴͽˡָźڶڤһӦ˵˵
ⶫͲҪˣҲ֪ҵڷǸСͺڶʱ㷢ڶûкܹǷ㲻١
ȻǿռԾõĺڶ˿ڿˮҶĻЩԥԪ˧ⶫİȫ𣿡
κһˣû˵κοռԾǰ£ʹԾڶʱԥ£Ƕδ֪Ŀ־壬
İɣȥǵǿߣ˳ɶҪûʲôΣգҪûµĻ͸ϽȥɡҶĻƵڶ֮ǰڤһͷ˵
ûûˡ
ȭͷҶĻҲԥһһԾ˺ڶ֮С
⣬˸СӣڶȻͨҲûɱ;ȴеܡ
ˣӣСӵĳӦûԡ
ҡҡͷڤת߳䣬ϡ

ͬʱҶĻ߸ոսڶ
ڰʲôûУͬ޼ĵһ㣬κι߶дڣеģֻ޾ĺڰ
޼ĵ㣬ҲûУҶĻֻио
˿̣ҶĻĸоôá
ɶô¡ǺҶĻ
ܣֵܡ
ʱҶĻܹʮĸоһصԺڶ֮дӿԼڡ
ЩûκκҲûκκôЩڣҶĻȴƸоԼڱøֵͣһ㣬ʹ֡
ݣ⵽ô°
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ҶĻôʹɴڣһᣬһأһ㣬ʹҶĻܵ˼㡣
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СʱҶĻǸоڵɢȥʹʧ
һ̣ҶĻѾһطҶĻ󣬱ǸСͺڶ
ǳˡŴҶĻһµĿСͺڶ
ٵĿռԾòƻȥʱҪߡ
ˣ˵
ƵҡҡͷҶĻԶ˹ȥ
ʱҶĻ̫УǰеһСĻǡ
վ̫УҶĻǰǾ޴ޱȵĻǣоѹͺñһͨ˿ѩһ㣬ѹܴ
ȿʲôʱܵ
óͨѶҶĻ׼ǰĻһɨӣ漴ԼٶС
ʮ죬벻ҾǾȻ֮ԶͨѶϵݣҶĻЩ졣
ʮʮɣûкĺڶҴɴҲҪһꡣ
һ꣬ʮʲô
ͨѶҶĻֱŻǱ߼ٷȥ

ͬһʱ䣬Եǿ߸ոɳȥ
ǿһΪͷ׵ߣǴǿߡ
һһӣҶĻʶһҶĻıɱ֮һ˶
˿̵ĺ˶֮ͬǰѾȫͬˣʱĺ˶ǿ۷ٽǿߣɢԶֹٽô򵥣ǿнǿߵơ
ΪĿģǺ˶˫ۣѪɫ˫ۡ
СӣϷϹĺڶȥǣԺ󣬶һҪҰź˶ǿһ̰˵
İɣȡ֮ٲġһЦ˶쳣˵
֮УԾĳ˿˿ɱ⡣


386 
գʮʱһζҶĻȻ˻ǡ
Ưɳ統УҶĻܡ
ȻɳĮǣõģǶλԾǨİ滯޷档
治֪ЩŴǿΪҪ´С
ʱ仹磬Ӵпʱ䣬ʮһ죬Ԫ˧ҵĵͼϲӴеĳһЩŴǿµĴС
ЩȻǹŴǿȴӴôھǿ߶ԶãҲû֮ҵЧ΢
ʱ仹磬ȥЩʯ̴С
⣬ҶĻһֱǰٷȥ
ֻϵɳȫҶĻһ״ûκһɳԽӴҶĻ
Сʱ
СʱҶĻɼ֮˻ɳǻɳԵ쳣
ţôͿˡüͷһڷееҶĻҲ࿴˹ȥ
Ŀ⴩Խڿеɳǧ׿⴦ҶĻһӰ

ХӰٷУֻɳΪ룬ƴضпһ㣬ҶĻûпԷʱ˱Ѿȥ
ͷβ˶ûгҶĻ߿κһۣ̽Ҳû
ǿ˶ȻǴǿߣƺͼްѾӰ쵽˻ɳ
ǿ߶Ȼԣֲ޳޾ɱе೬ǿڣЩڵɢǿ߱㲻а˳ɶ˻ǣҲ֪ж١
ӦӴʱܹ֪ӵĴǻǿ֮һʱǰ˳ϵǿ߶ᵽ
˶ҶĻȫǰȥ
䡭
ͻȻһ쳣ǿƴҶĻԺС
漴ֻһӰԾǿ֮Ƴ֮ǰ˷ȥķ׷ȥٶ֮ͬ˲¡
Ӱ֮ȴΪŹ֡
񱩣Ұԣɱ⣬ǺӰ֮
ȻǴ󽫼ޡ֮ҶĻ̱㾪˳
Ӱһͷ󽫼ĶλԾǨޡ
ͷͬһûҶĻǾֱԶ쭶ȥ׷ǰˡ
ǿĴھǶ࣬Ҳôɡ
Ӧǿ߿ɲ·ߵĴײˣټϻǵ㣬ܹô̵ʱڼǿߣȻԭ򡣡
ҡҡͷҶĻ񣬿ʼǰȥ
һΣҶĻûκһ·ֻĻɳ
һСʱҶĻͣ
˿̣ҶĻλøոպ͵ӵͼϵһСص
Ӧþˡ˵ţҶĻ·ԶһСʯɽ˹ȥ
ʯɽλڴ˴Ӧѱɳ񣬲˹Ϊ֮ʹʯɽһֱڣʯɽˣһѨڻþ޴ķűע˳
ʱڣһλݵĿʿµʯ̱
ȿһ
飬ҶĻһԾʯɽ˵ʯ֮С
ʯ֮а˵Ӧǻ谵һƬʯȴ֪ʱǶһ޴ɫʯͷɫʯͷɫԴʯ
ҶĻҪҵĶʯʯϡ
ֻʯʯϣ֣Լʽͼ
ȻⶨȻǹŴĸĶ
ʯϵĶҶĻûκԥóһƴСɨе֡
һֻ̣ʯֳĻϣҶĻĴ׭תΪ˼򻯺֡
ӦǴ￪ʼģͼǵһƪͼ
ҶĻߵһͼǰϸ鿴
Ѿת֣СʱҶĻ㽫ʯϵݿˡ
ʯϵҶĻǳĹŹ֣е㲻⡣
ƪܼ򵥣˽ԼǰһЩǵ£˵ڶƪҶĻЩͷˡ
ҶĻڶƪƪ飬֪ڽЩʲôһЩ֮ҲҪݱ˶Ŀ͸һƪ򵥵ľĴʽ
ַʽԼôֻһԺܿ˾ҶĻԣûá
ݾ˵ʱڼ֪һʿȴʦӣܹӵһЩָ㣬ټϱ츳ߣʯʱд󽫼ʵ
ⶫҶԸ顣
ʲôĴȻ֮Щڵʽȫ෴ģ㲻ڳΪ֮ʵġ
ҶĻɻҲӦ
ҪʵҪ޾ɱ޾ĥԼȻʱЩȴƻٳ
ĴֶΣȵȵȵȣһϵճΪǵ龳磬ڵǿ߶ԣֱ붼顣
ˣЩʯϵĶܿҲһƪĴһ԰ɡ
ҡͷ̾ϢһԵ̬ҶĻʼķ
ݿʯϵķʮֹŹ֣ȫͬʱõĺ
ִĺһֽȵ޵ķݵĺִҪ೤һҶĻȴоޱɣƸոսĦһ㡣

泩ĸоʹҶĻ˼ȥĳ嶯һһ㣬һ˿һ˿ҶĻԽԽƽ
һӺҶĻѾȫƽûһ˿
ǡ
ͻȻҶĻԺֳһ˿
˿ҶĻϣȴǾ֮ɫ
ҾȻ˾ƽΪ澳ĸˣĿȸױȣȴܹĵƽ޷ĺǵƽ
һռ֣˵ǲƽģղǡ
һԣһԡ
ҶĻٴݵľķ
һӹҶĻһν˾ƽ״̬
ʱҶĻûһ˿Ҳʧһ㣬˱һܡ
漴ҶĻ˫ۣž޲˫Ŀǰʯڡ
һ˲䣬ʯٷճԸͼҶĻз˱仯
ͼȻͼҶĻڿͼʱȴƸоһ㡣
ѹױȵѹҶĻͷ
һ̣ҶĻƽʧǰͼҲû֮ǰĸо
ԭˣ˵ľ羹ȻѾȲΡ˲ͷð亹ҶĻǰʯڣ֮ɫ
ݲӵһӣȴɽ£Լһ˿ת뵽Լ֮С
ϰٷͼԾƽ״̬ȥۿῴݿͼʱ롣
νӦþԾƽ״̬ȥĦ˼룬ľúȥѧϰ̳˼롣


387 ɽҰ
·ȴʺҡ
ҡҡͷǰʯڣҶĻЩΡ
νƽֻҵƽʧڿݵ˼ʱǱԶŷԾĺݵԿҲŻôѹ
ҵǣɱ֮͵ģ޷ݵ˼
Էǣݵ˼Ϊͷչ˴Լ˼룬ȻݵĴжҲûжô
ˣ֮ʽĴ֮ػ࣬ȥһɡ
ҡͷ̾ϢҶĻվҪȥ

ˣ
ŻɳһߵĻҶĻĶС
漴Ų˽ʯ֮Уոպú׼뿪ҶĻ档
һһ١
߿伫ͷףϲƵͷͷȴһнǿߣн۷ǿߡ
һľ߰Ӣӡ
ҶĻΪǣӾȻֻǸ߽׳Խߡ
֪ܹǵǿ߼ĵĴڣҲ˵Ҳĵ㣬ҲԸ߽׳Խߵġ
ҶĻһ
ڣӻпڸ߽׳Խ֮ǰĵ㡣
νŲһˣҲΪȻҿж󣬲ܹڳΪ֮ǰĵ㣬˶Ȼ츳֮
о֣ҶĻһ̾δᣬֱʯĳڴȥ
ҶĻͬʱӺҲǾ档
ҶĻȻҶĻʵƣҶĻȻĵ㡣
š
ͻȻҶĻҪ߳ʯʱӿˡ
ţǡ
üͷһҶĻɻĿ⿴ӡ
ǻɽҰˣǽһӵд֮ƵҶĻҶĻǰ⡣
ɽҰˡ⼸ҶĻע⡣
νɽҰڻָָЩڿֲ޳ĥʵȴԸκǿ߿ļ壬Щڵļ㱻֮ΪɽҰˡ
һ˲䣬ҶĻȷ˵ݡ
Ȼĳһĺˣ츳ĺˡ
ȷʵҶĻֲҵûµĻˡ
˵꣬ҶĻҡҡͷҪ뿪ʯ
һҶĻͣ˿н۷ѾҶĻǰ
ʲô˼ߣҶĻɱţǿɱĳߡ
ҶĻɱǱ̬֮ãδнǿߡ
ɽҰˣκһ֮ս޷룬ûл㽻֡
Һܺ棬ܹ֮ΪһеĴ棬ʵжǿ
˿̣ڷϣʢˣл˿˿ս⡣

䣬ֻұǰƣһƳҶĻ˹ȥ
ҶĻУһƺ֣ǳ֡
ҶĻڵľǿڳʱޱǿƣԼɱ⣬Ϊǵһһʽǣĥ͵ġ
Ȼһƣȴ˿ɱ⣬֮Ҳˮһ㣬һƻһַƵĸо
֡
üͷһҶĻֱһȭȥһȭҶĻδʹķֻʹʮ
顭
ȭཻһ̣ҶĻͷͬʱˡ
ҶĻĲȻȴֻһ
ѾվεķҶĻ˲ɴ˫ۡ
֪ҶĻߣһȭȻֻʹʮûʹö֮ȴӵн۷սȻһν֣ҶĻȴ·硣
ҷһ̺ҲҶĻ־档
ûκΰԵ֮У಻ƺһ㣬һʤһˣΪҪǷ֮
֮УȻ̺һ˿Ȼ֮ƣͬʯݵ˼뾳ʮ
ݣСӶȻǰչķġ
ˣǵĴˣĴ߸ǴǿߣּĴȫЧ¹ˣù˵ַ󱲵֮·ú󱲰չ˵ȫù˵ĴС
ҪʽȴҪߵԺʣһʺϡ
һӦþǽִ͹ѧĹʽȻս켶ļ
ɫҶĻ֮ɫ
ţˡֶһռϷ磬ԵüΪ԰Ҳһ߽׳Խܹ߱ѹơ
㣬ʧ
˵꣬ֱתŶȥǲм֮⡣
Ǻǣۿ˵ͣɱͬɱ
ЦƬ̣ҶĻͬתŶȥ
һΣΪ۷н߲δҶĻ
ߡ
ҶĻոתֻƻӶȷһƻҪǿϼֱֵҶĻȻһηѾȫ
䡭
ͻȻҶĻϱȫ֮ͬһ˲䣬ҶĻĸ
漴ֻҶĻȻʮһȭ˹ȥ
һ̣ٺˣһʮͣ
ʱҶĻ֮ɫ
úúãǴӦеʵ
һãսⰻȻ漴ֻһӣһͭɫ֡
һλŵʵɡ
䡭
һ𣬾ڷҪٶȶֵ˲䣬һͨ쳹صı쳹ʡ
漴ֻױȵǿǴ˲ǵԺ֮С
󽫼֮һɻ޵ġ
֮ǰλڡ
üͷһ֮ͨķҶĻ̵֪ߺˡ
ʱھʯɽԶӰڿУ໥ԳţҶĻ֮ǰһһޣǴ󽫼Ĵڡ
һ£üӣһͷһ˴Сͨɫıӡ
׷һһҹ֣ʲô˼ѵҪƴһսɡŭĿԲһŭĿǰͷڱӡ
𡭡
ͳ˻ԺڱӵдȻ޷ԣκ֮ȴܹһŭ⡣
ټͷѽ˼ӵԺС
ߣҪ˵ٴΣûþûãϽҹ
߹һڱһۣҪȥ
𡭡
׶
һ˲䣬ڱӶˣɫ׵ϲϻƣ׵֮ͷӾֱײ˹ȥ
һٶ֮Ѿﵽ˷˼ĵز
治Һƴһսɡ
ŭһ˲һг۴СڳӵС
䡭
ڿڵһöɫԲӭĺڱӷȥ
һ̣һɼŻ֮׵ĺڹţס˰ա


388 ʬ
ڹ˸ĺɫס˰գǴ󽫼ǿ߶ʱ
󽫴ڣѾļޣһһУһһӰ쵽ˣһȺͨʱǿʩչǣȫԽЩ˶ȻʹΪԼͽ
ټǿ־󽫵ʵɼһߡ
ǿһһ޼ֱӵĻ󣬵Ŀֲ޳Ǻε龰
޵ĳ󽫴ڵѪƴûк֮ǣڿֲ޳ڼ䣬ȫԽϹʱΪһ򣬹ֲûϣֵڶοֲ޳ǵȲεսȫƻԵս
ҲʾĶ̴࣬Ƽ㡭
˿̣յ󽫴ڵսȫ˵ע
վԭأһĹۿеĴսҪҳԼĲ㡣
ڹͬɫ֯ӵڿڵвкɫԲɳըѣڱҲͬһ㣬ɫգϹӣҪնɱڴ˵ء
䡭
죬һͨ쳹صı쳹ʡ
ڱվһУֻӵڿڴһʵʵĺڹ˲ڱ֮д䡣
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һ죬ɻɳɵĵϳһֱԼΪʮ׵Ĵӣڱڴ롣
ƾҲвӣȥ
Цһӳʤ׷һʵʵĺڹ⳯źڱӶȥ
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ڹĳһֱӣ֮ڣɳ絶һ㳯˷ɢȥò׳ۡ
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á
üͷһûκԥҶĻٶӴܿ˲ʧʯ֮С
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䡭
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ʯСʯɽҲһС롣
ʯ֮бݿԼ֮ʯϵͼƸǰݶ򣬿ɱ֮
ǧȥʯϵֻ֮ʣ˲ʮ֮һܹ赲ɳϮǿߵĲֹȻ޷ֵ
֮󣬺ڹͺɫɢȥ֮пһһһ뿪˴˴
ǿߣǿ˹ſвµ˿˿ܣҶĻ̾
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ҡҡͷҶĻ̤Ҫ뿪
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ŲûлζҶĻǰȥȴ˲䳯ķ˹ȥ
˿̣нʮƽվԭأɫԴͣƱ󽫴ڵסһ㣬ҶĻȴ˵Ϸ˲ԡ
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Խ޾ɳСʱҶĻ뿪ɳأһͨɽĵط
쵽ˣĵĴ֮Ӧþǰ桭
ͨӵͼ˶ԼλãҶĻٶǰȥ
ʮӺҶĻһͨɽɽֹסŲĵĴбɽ
ڶԹ֮͵أҶĻδһȥͽɽȥ
䡭
Ҳӱн۷ʮʱδͻƣ벻ôܹõԵҲ
ĺУԶһͷɢһߴ󺰣һ߳ҶĻ߼ٸ
۷нǿߣͷɢ۷нǿߡ
ңϵԶǳܹ⡣
ӦҵģҸյǣӦû˲Ŷԣ
ͣ½ŲҶĻһɻĿ۶ӡ
ĵһҶĻʶ࣬²бԴʶĹȥȻҪĳĺվڿУһſĿҶĻ
ɫ֮пԵ֪ûҶĻС
νţЩϴ˿һȺҵеĻˣҶĻҲһʿƴһ䣬޷вЩˡ
֪ܹǵнǿߣһĵǿˣннΪǿڡ
֪ν
εҡҡͷҶĻԷһֱۣתɽ϶ȥ
ͻȻһ˳ҶĻǰʮ״
һǳᣬ׽սİӡ
ĵһţϵĹ顭
˫ָһƽĿҶĻûκɫ
ŶϹļ𣿹ݵġ˫ۣҶĻͣԭأв˼ɱ⡣
΢һҶĻѾ֪ǰй飬˳Ϻͷ֮⣬û֪˿ȻǳϺͷ͸¶Ϣ
ӹɣҪֳ֮ҶĻ
ߣӶҶĻҵģѵҪӵĻڶʳɣһŭĿżӶ
ҶĻҶĻӵѾǵ⣬ܲˡ
ĵһţҲԸΪУϵıԴʶҺҪһݣǷһ顣
ޱ飬ӶδӣֻǽҶĻ
ԴʶѾˣá
ҡҡͷҶĻɽȥ

һ쳣ʥϢ鲼ԲǧףӶֵһѿг֣סҶĻȥ·
ĲԸΪУ¶ԺҼӱ
ûҶĻӦһԵӼӶѾ֣̼ˡ
Сӣߡ
һ˫趯һĨ֣漴ֻһֻӶľ޽һֳҶĻļץȻҪҶĻߡ
ÿ

ŭͬʱ𣬼ӶҶĻһ֣ȭ޽ͬʱ׼Ӵ˹ȥ
ˡ
˲䣬ӵ˳ȥ
ͬʱӶӿҶĻĿȫ˸ı䡣
ţӸûҶĻУӶȻڣҲһѾǿ׼Ȼ˿ҶĻһȭ֮չֵʵȴ˴һ
ҶĻһȭķ״̬µһȭܹһͨнǿ߻
ʵѾԺƽƽ
˵һΣԴʶѾգãҪԴʶԼȥңˡ
˵꣬ҶĻ̤ǿţԾǿ֮Ƴɽȥ
ӲҪҪ߶
ֻҶĻͼӶֹ£ӾȻˣ˸Ž
ȭһȭҶĻȥ
ǻǣһԲϰεĵطû
ǿ۷нǿߵʵǳ߼ֱǶ۷нǿߡ
һݣҶĻܵȭͷϵЩ졣
һȭȻķĹ
ֱתҶĻ˼ǣȴδԭأתǹѱҶĻγǹֱָӡ
䣬䡣
Ʊѵֱϵȥ漴ҶĻٱˡ
á
ǣһΣдӵͷһ̣һתȻԶŵٶȱܿҶĻǹ
ȻһΪ۷нߣҵ޷ȴԾԤ㹥ɱȻܹԱԵٶȶ㿪ҵĹ
ȻĳּΪļҵҪܶΡ
üͷһҶĻûκԥٴǹ׼ȥ
Ȼķ
ߡ
һ˿壬ٶչȻԼٶȶ㿪ҶĻĹ漴һȭֱҶĻ
䡭
һɫ֣һȭһƱѵϣһʱ䣬ֻɫɴܣԵϢԻ
ɢȥӳԭأȭ϶һԺԲƵϸС˿⣬νǺˡ

ŭĿԲȭ裬Ͻת֮ƳҶĻ
һΣϵƸʤǰȻƴȫ
Ա߻һ˻һһ
˼תҶĻû˿⣬һɺɫ
䡭
һֻ̣ҶĻ޵֮˲ǿһ漴ҶĻ׼ӵȭһǹ
һΣҶĻ㹥Է㣬ֱӲƴ
ʲô
޵֣֮ҶĻĸһ£ҶĻķٴһǰʮһǹôڱһʮһǹ
ܣӴӲƴҶĻͬҶĻ֮ľֻвʮףܣֻӲ
䡭
֣ɫ裬Ӿֱ˳ȥұϸǳһɼǵ˿ڣ˿˿ŽѪ

ŲɴܣҶĻֱϣеתǹ׼ϵ㡣
ͻȻһѾ޽ӵǰ
ǼӶ

һҶĻ˫ǹ裬һ˲ĿŻεǹڷɳֱɳȥӡ

ηˣҶĻûһеתǹ衣
䡭
ʮͬһʱֻʮŻε޵һ㣬ϵĸ㣬Լ
ӶȻ죬ҶĻ޵Ĺ£ֻǿס˼ӵµƱѵڿеӡ
ˣӶ̳齣˿վһԲ
ɫɢȥӳԭء
ڵϣӴʱǰ֮״ȫʮɼǵ˿ڱ鲼ŽѪǲ


393 ˼
û
ѾˣȻû
ۡ
һѪһ񶾵ĽҶĻǷߺ֮⡣
Ե޹ʣҳʲô
ҶĻǰѾϵӡ
ֻ֪ʲôϣ±ܹ֪ȫ
顭
ǹ𣬻䣬ҶĻһǹᴩӵüġ
ʼգӶһԿţûͬһ
֣ҪסӣҶĻͷ̫ʢʱѾϣ˰״̬Ȼȫ֣Ҳ޷赲ҶĻȥɱһˡ
Ҷ֣ݱԴʶǽݱԴʶȫգҲܳΪǿߡ
һݸңڣһݱԴʶ
¶һ˿º͵ЦݣӶĿ
ݣ΢죬ҶĻһ㶡
ŪˣֻõһݱԴʶڹ֮УѾգҹһãû㡭
ҡҡͷҶĻԷתɽȥ
վӶԾɹº͵Цݣ޺һ㣬ҶĻȥûκ˼
һӺҶĻӰѾʧ˼Ӷ߷Χڡ
漴Ӷһ˿º͵ЦͻȻʧȡ֮ĺ֮ɫ
һеĴ棬Ȼ鴫
ʤȻڻǵнǿߵŲǰʮսȴֱңڵϸнǿеľǿߣȴУ¾ȫ֣Ҳܹ¡
˵Ļʲô˼
ɫδӶվԭس˼
죬Ӷ¶˾ģУޣǷ󽫴ģΪǿߣȻ޷ϳֻɱҪŪڵϿνǷǳףӦòųϢŶԡ
ܷΪηųϢֻҪһ˿ᣬҲŹ
Ϊҳɾͼ޵ϣֻȥˡ
ӶתɽȥһţӶһóͨѶͨһ롣

ĵĴ֮ͬһҲһʯĵĴзʽȴȫͬݡ
ݽԼ˼ͼʽʯϣһƪķúϰķĴУĵĴֶһʯͷ
һʯһ˸ߵʯͷ
ʱĴң˼ΪΪ˼ΪģԳ֮ΪˡܵʱҹĳޣҴ֮Ҳмʦͽ֣޷١
ǿ߶鿴ʯͷеϢͬӴ֮صϢʮа˾ӳְģҲֻܹ֤ʯͷڵĶǧ겻𣬺ų档
ǰȥҶĻַʯͷϣųһ˿ʯͷ
ڣ¡
˲䣬һ쳣ҶĻԺУĵ
ΪҶĻһƪ²˼һƪž֣ÿһֶƿҶĻԺһ㣬ʹҶĻ޷ǡ
ӺҶĻ뿪ʯͷ˹ʱҶĻ״̬ȴе㲻̫Ծ

˿̵ҶĻվȻһܹһеĺƴоֻһЩѧʵϣʱȴҶĻϣҶĻѾ˹֮͵˼룬̳ǵ˼һ㡣
죬ҶĻɫȥȡ֮һĨȻ֮ɫڵȻ֮дһ˿Դɱķâ
ҶĻԭ
ֻһĴУбˡӰӣڶʱȫѹסɱͷ亹ðҶĻǰʯͷЩ¡
ʱܹµĴңǧǰµĴ֮ȻܹӰ쵽۷ٽǿߣ治ŵʱǺε
¼սϲԪ˧ĥľǿߣȴҪ߳Ԫ˧һݡ
ִлٽӴΪ˺ҶĻټӴʯͷ
Ȼǰ벽ǿߵĴУˡ˼ȴȫʱ˼෴ֶֻҪֻҸͲκ˳֣ʱô֪
ֵͣúȥصġ
֮͵˼ˣһʺִˣڻִ˵滷ۣˣĵ˼봫ڻϼû˽ӴǴǿҲԸǰĵĴ֮
ǹ֮͵ı˼ôƴʱվǻΪһ־룬޷ȥ
Ѱ֮أѾҿĴ֮ز٣֮Ӧܹջ񡭡
ڶ͵أҶĻ˳ʯ¾ɽһ֮طȥ
һΣҶĻɲ֮ǰҡˡ
ҶĻȻҲ֪֮нǿߵУ޷ڻһĴڣһҶĻڷ;Уֱλĳһվȥ
λڣǾͨ̽ĴǿߣҲһܹҶĻ˵̽ˡ

ʮСʱҶĻ˵վӵĴ֮ء
һҶĻ˵վһλ󽫼ʿĴ֮ء
֮ҶĻִվӵĴ֮ء
ʮ죬ҶĻתʮһ֮أʮһ֮صа˸ǴǿߵĴУǰ벽ǿߵĴС
Щвݣƽִͣͬز޷ҶĻõκһʵԵĶ
ʮҶĻνǿա
֮֮࣬͵˼඼غ񣬸ͲִҶҲûκôҡҡͷڷееҶĻЩΡ
ϣһվܹõһЩջɡ
ҴʼˣܵĴ֮ء
ΪҴʼˣݴ˵޽ӽǵڣ´ʱֻһܹɾҵ˼ʱҲ࣬ӦջŶԡ
֮ģҶĻλķš
Сʱһɽϣһɾʯéһ෿ӳҶĻ
ܵĴ֮ء
ҶĻھܴ֮ػǧʱͣ
澹ȻˡüͷҶĻԶʯéݲЩ⡣
ҲԣܵĴм临ӣаŴ˵ޱȣǿӦöá
һǿߺһнǿߣӦûʲô£ȥ
һ·ҶĻλİС߽ʯéݡ
ڲƽңüΪأгһʯͼʯ⣬
ڷǽڣϣԼʯʯϣȴһЩ쳣ϸСۼԱĴ׭
˿̣һһŮֱվڷϸۿеݡ
Ůʮᣬһֿʣһ㣬Ϊǿߣʵ׳˶۷нǿߡ
˿ʯ̣ǳ˼֮ɫ


394 ɸһս
ûзκһ˿죬λȫҶĻȻʯéС
ʱһһŮԾվûзַ֮Ѿһˡ
Ȼӳ޼ľˣҶĻλΪˡ
ţԣλŮ󽫷һ˿ԡ
ȥֻҶĻʯéݵ˲䣬վԭصŮüһ˿΢ɲɻ֮ɫߵ˿˶
ӦûзңֻǲЩԡ
Ե˵ͷŮ󽫲δҶĻҲģתۿ˷еĶ
ʯé֮УǽڣϣǷϣϸС֣ԼһЩͬϸ΢ͼơ
ЩʯԳ˵۸޷ֻжλԾǨǿߵ˫ۣܹеݡ
ʮȥĴ֮أÿһַдзʽǻٳΪҴʼˣǾֻа벽䴫зʽӦøΪŶԡ
վԭأҶĻۼ񣬳ſͼĵǽڿ˹ȥ
ô£Ȼֱӵ洫СüͷһҶĻǽϵݲЩԾ
ܵĴзʽȫͬˣ֮Ӧ÷ʽдС
ñݵͼģĵĴ֮Щ֮Ӧ÷ʽȻܵĴȴΪֱӵֽͼε洫Уûκ֮
ֻ֣ûκ֮Ӧãһˡ
ҡҡͷҶĻټƽЩϸۿǽϵ̵ݡ
ķСʱʱ䣬ҶĻʯ̵ݼԵĿһ飬óһۡ
ӡ
ܵĴиûͷһƪһƪУޣжۣƢԡһϵ漰кĵĶУûпƪûнβκһƪʯ̶ܹóΪһ洫С
ֲΪҴʼˣȴ޷ɾʮа˾űΪ֪ʶʵ̫ӣ޷˼оԵͳһ
ܹôණҲȷʵǹŴ͵еٮٮߣѧϿϿˡ
ҲΪֹΨһһõĴ֮ء
˵ţҶĻĿۣſǽǵһƪп˹ȥ
һƪУ֮֮ͬԣͬĹϵ
ƪռֻһСȴаԼٶͼƣϸ֮ܶ⡣
徹Ȼ֮Ӧòǣ򣬻ǣԣȷ档
ŭ֮ģһʲôӣ֮Իȼϣʲô˼Ӧ޳֮ȣлô£
ӣҶĻüͷгʮʡ
ʱҶĻҲһԵλǿΪ˼ˣʵΪĶ̫ӣ̫£ǴǿҪȫ⣬Ҳܡ
ţܶȻʱĹţѧ̫ӣѳɾ
µĶһСƪҪȫҲܣв˼룬ǣϰλ֮͵˼룬ҪһƪУҲҪʮλ֮͵˼룬нִ˵Ͳܡ
ˣʺԼĲõģĴеа˳ɶʺңֻҪʺԼıɡ
мȶҶĻȥգٴιۿ֮ݡ
һΣҶĻȻֻѡʺԼģǲļѣÿһ֣ҪҶĻȥĥǧٱ飬Ȼˣǲ⡣
ڵأҶĻ׿һȫȫܵ˼룬ա

ߣÿһܹ޵ĴڣӵԼ˼룬˼ÿһߵԴȪ
ҶĻȻ鲻࣬ѧûϹͨҶĻΪѾӵԼܹƼ޵ɱ˼룬ڹŴҶĻҲһλ˼뷽Ĵˡ
ʴˣҶĻȻܹܵĶȻǻ
ڵأҶĻһҹ
ʱ䣬ҶĻһĲǽǵһƪУ񶼼λнǿ뿪ʱҶĻҲֻаˡ
ܣȻһšһҶĻǾ֮ɫ
ǴеһСƪõĶʱȴֻʮ֮һ治оӶġ
Ϊ̾ҡҡͷҶĻվҪȥ
ܵĴ֮УҶĻõģҲһƪ֮ȻҶĻûнõȫ⣬ûĲȴѾУûȥıҪˡ
䡭
ͻȻҶĻո߳ʯéݵ˲䣬һɾɱȫҶĻʯéݡ
ηСҴ
ʯéݵдһһŭȣת࣬ȴһɸ߸ϵζ
߿֮һ֣㣬СɣȻ⣬δ㣬¡
Ȼ㡭
ʯéݵŮ󽫵Ļ£ֻĸ߿УһӵͻȻ֡
ӳֵ˲䣬ҶĻɴ˫ۡ
ԬȻڳɱ֮Ԭ
˿̣Ϊ۷нǿߵԬǸĿŲԶʯéݡ
ˣɱϹķϣξˣҪ򣬵ȥ򣬲Ҫ֮͵ĴС
л㡭˵ͷԬʧ
ɱ֮ԬӡѵԬǸ̬ҲˣüͷһȥԬҶĻ̳ǹɱ⴫ķȥ
Ȼǧ׿⴦һͷס˫ۣΪݣɱȻӣɽͷϣµɱֱҶĻ
Ȼɴ˫ۣҶĻ㾪һｫԼϾ·һսս֮Ӧ÷˲Ŷԣ
нߣȻһҪﵽ˳нߵĲΣ̬Ĵң¹ˣһԾ޳н
ҶĻɸһսңҶĻԬΪ˵ͷס˫ۿɫ
δҶĻɫվԭأͬԬ
ԬӸտʼΪҶĻҪܵĿ꣬ͬһŵͷǳеĴУÿһμԬҶĻһʱԬҶĻоǰδеѹ
ɸһս
վԬұֱָҶĻǿսͬɱ⾡ʹµСɽѡ
죬ҶĻؿڵһš
ʮʮһţ賿ߵӣɱһʤʱһȥ㡭
Ը¶һ˿˷ܵЦ⣬ԬĻ˿˿
սңԡʱԬʱ޿̶ҪҶĻܣǰܣͬɱڵ̨ϽҶĻܡ
˿̣ҶĻĻشȫԬԸ˷ܡ
ɱ̨پ֮ΧۣľųӣֳϣҶĻʱ


395 ©ξ
Ԭٴ֣Ԭԡ
ҶĻ˵ôáҶĻԬ΢΢һЦҶҪնĶ֣ôܱɱ
Ѿɱڴ󽫵ź֪Ǵµǿߣκ˸֮ǰ㣬ɱڵλ󽫶ֽɱʱ䣬Էϣ֮µĴڶҶ㡣
лԬǰ˵ͷҶĻԴ˵
Ԭ˾٣ȷʵΪҶĻ˴鷳Ȼ˵дµĴڶҶҶĻоųϵǲҶˣֻһЩ쳣ţĻ̥֮ŸҰг֡
ԬͬԬԭط𣬳Զٶȥ
ɿˡʼҶĻΪεĿЦߵ鷳ǲˣ׵鷳ȴûֻܿԼ
ԬǴСǿսܣ˶ܹסǲɢѾǾ˲ˣһﾹȻսңԡһ޳н
ףһս
ҡҡͷҶĻ׼Ѱһطϸоܴлƪ

Զﴦһ޴ҺУ˿̣һ˧ӺһʱС
˧ͬҶĻйǷһ˱үүһǿߣ뾡
үү²ټˡ뾡΢΢ҡҡͷ
үүô¡ɻ֮ɫ
ҶĻȷʵûʲô̫ĿɽĶȴС
Ķ֣ˣɻˡ
ɱԬԬҶĻΪ֣ҪǰսܣɱѾŻ˾ս֮ǰ˭ҶҶĻ֣ڴɱλϹ
ϢǴųȥģټųϢɱϹͻȻ壬ʱҲð̾˿뾡ŷ
ôôһҶĻڻ˸ɱ˵ϸû˸ɱǡȭͷΪʡ
ǺǣһζʼСܹȻγ޷նɱһҶĻǿĴС
ͬһʱ䣬һ谵ɽУʯš
Ӷлɱڵλ󽫳汣ǻҪ𣿡԰İ˵
Ϊʲô֣ϺпܴݱԴʶѵҪһ˿Ϊ󽫵ϣԼѣӶݵ˵
ôܣǶ۷нߺܳʱ䣬֮һļʣҲ
ʲôҪֵĶֻǸĵһţλǿߣұˣٸڻҲǿߣٸôܻẦһɱڡ
Ϊ󽫵ϣ˵ʲôҲ

ӦþͿˡ
ޱ߾ɽȺ֮УҶĻѡһɽͣˡ
һɽβܴУȴӴп
δܶҶĻֱɽİɽȥ
ףôˡüͷһոշɵɽҶĻͣ
ڰɽĲԶվһˡ
һͷɢΪݣսⰻȻӡ
ǡˣһʱ䣬ҶĻԺӿ䣬ξξǸӡ
ٺ٣ûˡ̧ͷξһЦĿҶĻ
㡭һôˣУʵָξҶĻĲš
۷ٽǿߡ
ѡһˣǴսмϿƿ˵ξһսţһսӡ
ʱҶĻһ֮սξһ߲ӣԭȵһмΪǿʢҶĻԻٶȴڳսԬɾһĴ֮ξֱ𽥲˹עˣôţҲ޷ͬҶĻԬȡ
Ȼʱξȴ۷ٽǿߵݣڻϣҶĻǰ
ȻҲֻ˵ҶĻϢϢͨĻ֪һٽķӣž޴ȥսǿнÿһ춼нǿ߽ɱǷӵеķӡ
͵ˣǱһ˵ġƲƲ죬ξ˵˵ʱǲм
˵ϻˣ֮սҾһܣȴһֱûлᣬ鵢˵ʲô㶼ҪҴһ
ϻ˵ս⾪˵ξֱóԼľ޴ֻھ޴ϺڹתȻѾξ

΢΢һ㶣ҶĻҲû뵽ᷢ飬һʱ֮Щ֪Ǻá
ҶĻǰγתǹΪ֪һǸ׼ķӣһ¶Ŀ򣬾ԷǴǿߣҲ᲻һеĶ֣޾塣
ãҶµɡǹֱָξҶĻ¶һ˿ŵЦ⡣
ٺ٣ܹһսˡ
䡭
ޱǿҵս֣ξ˫ִ󴸣һҶĻ
һȥȻȥȫһҪǿϼ֣Ҳ˵ξѾԽ˻ϵ۷нǿߡ
ս켶ļһǣĶս켼һ˵ǱһλǿŪģӦҲλǿ
䡣
˼֮ʱҶĻȫһķ׼ξĴ󴸱һǹ
һ˲䣬ɫҶĻǰѣƱѵ޴ѵ˲䣬ξҲӵǿú˿
һǹҶĻѾȫˣķ֮սͨѹƵȾԾʹҲֻξѡ
սţһǰսţԵһǰΣΪ֮սš
սپٶȽһܣܺġ
ͷȶҶĻ˫Ŀ֮оֱ֣ξȥȻĽȴҶĻ
һƬ⡣
ξһƬΧȫÿһطɢ⣬־ȣκαҲûκ͹Եĵط
û㣬ҶĻУξû㡣
ɴ˫ۣҶĻ
ȻйأûɶλԾǨʱʮֱ̬ڳˣóೣ޷óתʽɶλԾǨ֮õƣ֪ʲôز
Ҳô̬ɣȻ©ûκ㡭
֮ɫҶĻٺˣͬξ˾롣
ҶĻϲξܹ©һԭһԭļ
Զһɽۣ֮һɫսվϸۿҶĻξ֮ս
Ǵǿߡ
ǺǺǣξС˵ѡеˣŴŽͨ©ϣʮһܹΪұȼ
Ҳ֪ڵܴܲλһеĴ档


396 ɵ
ˬҾ֪ʵǿ

˷ܵĴЦɽξսգٶȻ裬ҶĻ
顭
Ŵ󴸻裬ξڲϴͬʱҶĻУξϵǿһ֡
䡭
һƱѵξľ޴
ҶĻȫֵǿ£ξһԾɺˣȴֻһ룬漴һλ޴ҶĻ
顭
һ֣һεĴȷҪֻܶ࣬ξ𣬼һȦϵսܹͱգ̩ɽ֮ѹ£ܹݻһһ㡣
䡭
ɫ裬ӲƴξȻûкκһ˿ȫҶĻ
ɵɵһȻǸӣҲǸʲôȻܹڶʱʵôࡣ
ҺѾ˼ޣʵ޷ټӣȻĻֱˡ
ٺ˿ҶĻЦĿξ
ȻҶĻЦվɽ۵ȴЦ˻
úúã벻ξС˵Ȼ©һµĥû׷ѣ©Ѿ˲ϵսȼյʱսܹһء
ȥ˵һеĴ֣Ҫˡ
Ȼ޷ǿҽ̵С˵ȴп£ξϿҳɳɡ

սپӵӣпܲսˣս֮ûκθãȥˡ
о֣ҶĻһ߼ٺˣһ߽ǹڶ׼ξ
䡭
ɲǼ䣬ʮͬʱֻʮԹᴩصĽɫԲͬĽǶȷξ
ҶĻӵһУԻεֱӣγ޵֣ʹöԷ޿ɱܡ

ХξӭʮƱѵûκξ⣬˸Ϊǿҵս⡣
һ̣ξٴγ˴
ʵٶͬʱϵļ⾹Ȼ˶ദѡ
ѵļⲢδӰξսʹԭͼΪΪˡ
еľ޴һ糵һתξ֮ʮƱѵɢʮƱѵĿֲǱ⣬վȻȴһɽһ㣬ɶҡ
ݣӡһԶѣҪˡ
о֣ξȻҪʵҶĻǳ׷ˡ
ܹսξֵزûмˣξΪսΪսˣǼûС
˿˵ɵӣҲ˵ǷӣܹɾͼޣԽ޵ĴڣɵӺͷӾӶ࣬ΪǵĹϡ
ηֻҪͬˣͱҡ
ҶĻҲԼİ
ǰҶĻֻһСӣţĵһţһеĴ棬һϵеսԼνҶĻϣ⡣
ҶĻİǣһУΪ޵С
ߡ
һ漴ҶĻˡ
ҶĻ侲ȵ侲ȻʱҶĻȴ˿˿⣬˿˿˵ս⣬ŭĻ⡣
⼸飬ҶĻƿԼĵǿмġ

ɫ滢ХֻҶĻϣɫ籡˲ռ˷Բʮ׵ķΧ

һξû˿⣬մѪľ޴裬ֱӳ𺣣һҶĻ
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ȷŻҪҵıԻ֮ƱѵɳֱֱĴξľ޴ϡ
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һһŵƱѵԻ𺣷ɳȫξľ޴ȥ
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ҶĻû׼ط˼ֻҪӲξ
ˡ
һһӡֻξƱѵǿ²ͣ˿ԭѾѵļ⣬˿Ѫǲͣ˿

ħһĲϴ󺰣ξӲҶĻҪٴβ˺ǿս
ˡ
ͻȻһƽ͵ȴԴ֣֪ʱһѾξԣְξļϣؽξסʹ޷ټʵ
սĴǿߡ
ͬʱǿߣҶĻҲɢȥ𺣣ֹͣ˹
˵ʲôСүõܣҹ
ξķӣʱսѾȼյޣ˫Ŀ֮˿˿Բ¶ˣҲҪ֣˵һˡ
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ߡ˵ţӴһ󣬾Ȼξ
Ҳȥ˵϶Ҫ͵ǸطҲȥţξȥ
ɲ㣬ߡ
ץסξӷ˲ʧߣͬʱξʹؼصš


ҶĻʧߵˣЩˣ
ҵʦʵǿǲôôأ
ˣһĻԵ
Ҫ
ҡҡͷҶĻתѡһɽʼھɽ
СʱҶĻסԼںõɽλȫĿʼǿмµܴС
ҶĻĵһŭ֮ģҲսξľ
νŭ֮ģڴ֮гһ״̬״̬Ҫ˫ϣҲĵⲿϡ
ҶĻŰԼⷽʽʩչⲿ죬ڲԵܴеķʽĵ㣬ʹԴڲܹĻ֮ŭﵽνŭ֮ģʹû
ʽµĴʵ̫£ȴƳǿҷֻǰԼʩչŭ֮ģʹĻܹʵǵξ
ȱˣҶνŭ֮ĵҲȫν˫ϣ֮ŭŭȼСˣЩ˵򵥣֪ʲôŭ𡭡
ܹЩȫ⣬ӵԼŭ֮ģ»㲻ֹǱôˣԷķʽϷɴܡ
ĿҶĻһһԺǿмµͼģ֮⣬գתΪɱ˼Ķ


397 Ϣ
Ϊҿߣ˼뾳Ʋѷɫڣ޷ɾѧʵ̫ӣ޷˼оͳһ
һСƪ֮аܶŭһж⣬Լ뻯ݣܹΪ˼룬츳Ŭ㹻δزܳɾ
ʴˣҶĻٽɱ˼룬ȥµ֮Ҳʮּѡ
ʮҶĻ˫ۡ
ˡҡҡͷҶĻ֮ɫ治󣬵˼Ѿƴ˺־磬Ŀֵ˺־硣
һƪ֮Ѿ⵽˼ޣǣ浱е㣬Լ֧ĹͨЩҶ޷ֻʱ֮¡
߰ɣǺܴȥ͵Ĵ֮ٿһ͵Ĵ⣬һЩŴǿߵĴС
˵ţҶĻվҪƿסĶڣովҶĻȴͣеĶ
Ų
쳣΢ĽŲҶĻĶС
ǽŲһ͸©ĺƴϢǿߵϢ
Ȼдǿߵˡüͷһڹ£ҶĻʼԣһ˵Ϣ۷ٽǿߵϢϢ
ϤϢҶĻϤȴҲİ
ϤϢмޱߵɱ⣬ԼһѪȵζʹϢδ֪ĸı䡣
ǡ˶Ǻ˶Ǹ˵üŭ֣ҶĻȭͷ
˵ʧ˺ܳһʱ䣬һ߲ӻصҲȫþٵļ¼벻ȻڻϣһǺһǿһͬ֡
ʵ۷ٽǿߵϢȴ۷нǿߵƣξҪǿһ˿
ҶĻǵúɶλԾǨʱ˶ҲͬȥˣҲ˵˶ĽȺһ죬ʱҶĻ㷢ֺ˶Ϣ˸ı䣬ԵʮֹŹ֡

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СӣҵûСڲѰٵĺ˶żʵ
ٵһȣҵõĵͼЩģֻǱע˴ص㣬Ҫһҡ˰֣˶ɲɨΧĻ
ͼϱעĵطȷϾֻľɽ𣿡
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ٶȿ㣬˲ٳңǷңĻξҪˡ
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˵ͷ˶һתһŲ֪ɺƳɵĵͼС
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Ŭ˹Ŭ˹ȻĴڣòƾɽ֮»ǰŬ˹ĵطܲҶĻԾ
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ҲԣĦʥӶʵڵģΪʲôŬ˹ܴڣΪ߶Ѿӵ˿񻰴˵ͣŬ˹ʱδΪҲûʲôܡ
ѵ·ǰŬ˹µĴ֮أ˵·ǰŬ˹ǰڻǵס˶˵ε֪ģ
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ҶĻ˼ϷͬҲЩż
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ˣ߲Щ죬߲δۣѡź˶
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һֻ̣һ׵Ϲ⣬ߵֱ˲佫˶ָĵһ󶴡
䡭
ϹɴܣһδͣһֱϹžɽĵ档
ʮӺϹߵľԿ£ѾһԵĵһֱԼףǧĶѨ
ͬʱɽҶĻͺ˶ˣͬʱоһɺͷ
ÿֲѵǰŬ˹Ϣüͷ壬ҶĻоЩ⣬Ҫĳ嶯
һϢܹҲ⣬治Ŭ˹ǿ˺ֵزһĵһʥȣΡ
ðߺͺ˶һۣ漴һͬ˵ͷ
䡭
һޱǿϹб˶ѨУͬʱߴź˶ٶȷ

һɼܹޱϢĺԶѨ
һ̣ɽԲڵĿƶһ㣬һжֹͣ
ͬʱӵи߶̽ǿߣȫͨ̽춯

￪⣬һλڵǱ޵ǿк˸̽
ǡϢȻϢϸûлŵѵĳһλµĴгˣ
һһ
ͨѶλǿ߶˵ٶȳžɽȥ
ͬ飬ڻǵĸزš
ĴٴγˣһλڵĴУֻҪܹһȥ˵ԿһΪδ֮ʷϵĵһ
һҪٶȸϹȥ˵ӵλıǹŴǿ󱲵һҪŪ֡
һٶ꣬һֱһأӵĴѾãһλڵĴлܹͻѹء
ķƶ󽫣н۷ǿ߽ԾٶȳžɽȥϢĳ֣Ѿǿߡ
ͬʱɽеҶĻȴôܡ


398 
ݣûô̬⻹ֻϢ
ʱҶĻνܣڵ±ľ캮ϢʹҶĻоԼĹͷƶһ㣬ѪҺٶҲ˿˿ٻ
ʵһҲҶĻܣߵԴǣҶĻ˿ҪͱҪԼϢȻλڣҲᱩ¶
ǣһյƣһҶĻʹôǿ߱ᷢҶĻĴڡ
ˡ
ҧҶĻǿž캮ûʹǣȴš

ӹȥ

һ˲˷ԲڽĻ
ֻһԶϮһ̣һɫսӳ˴󶴵һԡ
ǿߣǴǿߡ
ϢϢΪδޱߵζоǲꡭ
üͷλǿ߲ûвһеĳȥվڴһ˼
󽫳̶ȣѾļޣκϢУλǿ԰Ŭ˹ϢиоΣ
û˻Լ̫ãҲû˻Ե޹ʵĹѰλɫսĴǿˣǿҲˡ
һСʱھɽİɽѾվʮһˡ
ʮһ˵ķɫͬˣˣ˶УʮΪǿߣʮվڶѨһԣ۷нǿ߶ԶԶ˿ͬǿ档
˿̣ʮǿȫɫĿŴ󶴣ÿ˶иоΣյϢ
죬һͷɢҰ˵߿ڣ䣬ͨڤĹ·ϢԲǻĹʱǿߵϢ
ʲôϢҪȥҿɲΪӵϢĴڣ·ֻö
ϢԴ飬ӵϢǿȻħͷҲȻǼ˵ĴڣóȻȥûкùӳԡǿ߸͵
ң˸ոտģ桭
λǿһһĲ˵ÿһ仰˵Ҫ㡣
ʮλǿ߳˲֪˶ߵ⣬Ѿһж˳ھϢǷڰŬ˹Ҳ˼Ϊ׼ȷĲ롣
˵Щʲôã˷ųնҲòȥı
һΡ·Σƾ¡ҶĻʯéݵмŮ󽫿ڵ
ԡ
û⡣
Ȼԣ·ĶǸƾֶΡ
һһ䣬ܿλǿ߱ȷ
ıλǿ߼֪⣬ȴҲòȥ
䣬䡣
ͻȻλǿ߸ոʱɾǿϢԶϮֻһһŮ˿ѷɫڴǿߵٶ˴ԡ
Ϊˣһ۾Եú˹ģŮǺˣɢŻϢ쳣Ұ
˶۷нǿߡ
Ȼ˵ĵλ󽫴ȴûκ顣
Ϊ˵ʵȻ۷нǿߣսȴ˿ѷɫڴ󽫴ڣܹѹһЩʵΪͨĴǿߡ
ˣǻǿλн
һ
ҲһվԭأһЦͬ˵
Ȼû⣬ʵȥҲһ
²˳٣߰ɡ
һۣʮǿһԾ˴С
ȥӻûνʲô
ÿ

ƼվԶλнǿһȿֺȥ

ʱ򣬸Щȥûʲôýƽ£Ҳգź˶Ǹ˵
ɽУҶĻ˿صȴź˶߳֡
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СʱѾϰλǿߴ˽ȥ˶û
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ͷβ˶˵һμһ㣬Եּ
ʱˡ
ûκԥҶĻȻɽڵķλȥ
֮б滹Ҫ䣬ĺϢϮҶĻ壬ҶĻΪߣѱֲˡ
һǧףǧףǧס
һֱ½ӣǧ׺ҶĻǽӴ˵档
ǡɴ˫ۣΧҶĻЩ
һȣҶĻȻһ֮С
ɴʯͷ̶ɣ쳣ۿȥȵǽڻ컨壬йŰĺۼԵù϶롣
Ǳ֮ΪڣȻ˽һж󡭡
üͷҶĻЩڰŬ˹ֱʡ
ֲϢôأеǽڣ棬Լ㣬һЩװƷȫŬ˹֮ʹ겻࣬һôǿ֮ᱬӰ쵽
ȸȥ
Ų΢ҶĻûȶͣ˳ǰ̤ĺۼ׷ȥ
ֶӣҶĻ֮УȴԵüΪҡ
ǽϵװһأĽ߱٣ǽϻŲٰݣȻ֮ǰǿΪ
ٴ̤ٲҶĻ߳ȣһŰʽĴС
ߴʮףԵûֺ׳ͬеϢȺ滹Ҫǿʢ
˿̣ʮλǿͣڴУһεĿŴǰ
ڴǰԭһŰѾǿߺ飬¶һ󶴣ȴޱϢϢܹߣҲϢ赲λǿߵĽŲ
ô죬ѵǾʹﲻɣһλ׳˶нǿߴ
ߣʮа˾űǹŰڣŬ˹µĵطȻֹǰԵڰŬ˹ĴУҲˣǰͲܹͨġ˵ţһнǿָǸ󶴡
Ŭ˹ǧǰµĶҲֵܹģǴ֮жȻӵһڵأȻ֮Ҳǿ˳̶ȣһλнǿ߽ȥٲֲסҪ˻
ɶѵЩ󽫴ڳ𣿡
ʰò׼һڵĴУȻ档
ÿӲų󶴾ûˡ
һңﶨȻڡ
ߡ
ͻȻλнǿ׼ѰʱӰȺһԾ˴УǺ˶ߡ
δܶҶĻҲûж󣬾ֱȥ
ɶ˽ȥˡ
˵һҪȥ
˽ȥڶнǿһҲۣȫʼڴ


399 ûд
Ȼнǿ˵ͨн߽аٲ
ҺбȻҵʵȻ޷ȥ
ս춨ʯҶĻСĸں˶˵
ҶĻı춨ʯ
ʯе֮У󽫼ʯڣҶĻ赣ЩϢʯе֮Ҳᱻ˷֣ܹλʹá
˶Ǳ֮ӻͬϢӰ졣
󶴺ԾһµͨͨޱȣʱϮͨڤĹ·һ㣬Եޱɭ
·ֻҡ
ٶףӳҶĻĽ⡣
ɢȥҶĻǿԼںδ
һУҶĻλһϷǶһö֪ΪƳɵĽɫԲԲɢ
ڴ룬ȴڷһŰľ޴ףѾ򿪣֮гҶĻ⣬ûκһˣ֮ǰĶʮ󽫴Ѿټ
ףѵǰŬ˹֮أɴ˫ۣһʱ䣬ҶĻƲסԼĺ
֪ÿ߶Լ֮ص޾أԷھ
Ű˳֮Ϊ飬ΪİŬ˹֮ǰ϶ͨڴ˵޾ɱУնɱһиַߡ
һ뵽ҶĻ¶һɺ⣬ڵһ㡣
˶˵׷ʲô϶ϢҶĻһĽź˶
˿̣˶һɵվԵø˷ܣȻһԵĴȴҶĻһЩˡ
Сӣ⵽ô£ӺпǰŬ˹֮أҪҲɡһץס˶죬Դŭҧ˵
һλ֪˶õǰµ޾ɱУǧҲһܹġ
İɣﲻǰŬ˹֮ءƿߣ˶졣
ݿѧͳƣ󽫴ܹ˰꣬޷㣬Ϊ滯ѾӵƯʱǵƲǧ꣬á
Ŭ˹Ϊ˻Ҫϵôģ뿪ȥˣֻȥǰΪ˼Լڵϵΰɾͣ¹ڣˡ
¹ڣҲһνԼȥĵطһȫʢʱڵģΣճ̶˿ѷɫ֮ء
㡭ȭͷļһҪ뿪ĳ嶯
İɣΣնǰʮ󽫴ڣимλ벽ǿߣΣնǸ𻯽⣬㵣ʲô
߰ɡ
֣˶̤쳣ȵԶĹס
߼ˣҲֻεĸȥ
Ŭ˹Լȥ¹ڣˣȥ
˶ҶĻŲҲȥ
׺ܴ󣬳ңȴһһ֪ͨδĽݡ
˳Žݣ˶ʮĲϳ·ȥʮ󣬺˶ͣ˽Ų
ں˶ǰģһ·ڣ֪ͨδͨ
ͨȴԵüΪŹ֣ͨʯڣ㣬棬ȫ𻵣ͨӵĳ赲һȥһ㡣
㿴֪ͨжŬ˹ԶصķʽʯأǿһСҲҪˣԣЩǿѾǿгȥƻһ谭
ǿ·ǶȻûκΣա
һЦ˶кʢ˳ߵͨ˽ȥ
ͨ˶ȴδߵͷֻٲͣˡ

𽥳أ˶ͣһ˷ܵĽһѾݽȥʮ׵ʯڡ
ָʯڣߵͬ˷֮⡣
ǺǣԼ
˷һЦ˶óһ鿴ƽʯͷ÷źʯϿʼô
һôʮŴΣţʯϾȻһݣݸոպܹŽȥһСʯͷ
ߡ
ʯͷŽȥ˶ͷҲص˳ԭ·ʼ񱼡
ˣҶĻҲȥ
һ·񱼣߳׺󣬺˶ͣ
ź˶߽ʵ
ңҡ
һۣ˶ͬʮֽڴѲš
֮ͬǰһûκθı䣬˶ȴѾıˣʼܶҪҵ֮ͬ
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˲˴һǽǣ˶һϲĿ
ǽǴԭһƬɫĵ棬ʱȴѾɫ
ҿ
һ˶ûκι˼ɣһŲȥ
һ̣ɫĵשȫѿ¶һֻһͨСͶڡ

ûȺ˶ͲһԵҶĻжѾһ˶С
˶ҶĻ󣬲κи
Խڣڲһƽҵķ䣬֮Ե쳣տֻ봦ڷһʯʯϷ֪ɺƳɵСƿӡ
ʱСƿѾУڴߵУȴԾɷ̰Ŀ⡣
أŬ˹ĴСӣϽ˵һСƿӣߴֱ̤ӽ˶
Ϲ¶Ŀˡɫ̰ߣ˶Ծţкħ֮ƵĴ󽫴ڣҸôʱ䣬㶼û¶κһ˿ɱ⣬صʵ̫ˡ
СӣϷûйϻס˶ĲӣѾĴҲܲôˡ
֮ǰѾ˵ˣûдУֻƿŬ˹ҩһЦ˶кţŬ˹Ϊϵ֮һڹŰ˵Ĺ£ѾԼˡ
Ϊ飬ô´У·Ϊƽƽ顣
ûдСüͷ߲ɨ䣬Բʡ
ҩȥüߣ˶ֱ˵˿Էһ󽫡
СӡǺǣȻ֪ǺħôҲӦ֪ҵΪˡû˶Ļ¶һ˿΢Цƿҩķϣһȫʬ
˵ַ꣬ҪϺ˶Ĳӡ
Ҹˡ
֮ɫ֣˶ؿŶԷ֪ǰİš
Сӡԡ
ͻȻ߾һһѷſ˶ͬʱҲƿ˳ȥ
ţһɺ˳ƿ쵽ߵϣ˿̣ߵѾȫɺɫ˳ֶϣ˲ӵĹؽڴ
쵰СӣһҪʬΡ
׹ðλҲ湻ݣȻֱӽԼӲĳ

һұۻ裬־ֱź˶ץҪ˶


400 
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һЦ˶Ծûκξ⣬һ˱㿪˴ߵұۡ
Ϊ˶ٶ̫죬ֻ۷ٽǿߣսô죬Ҳ޷ϴ󽫴ڵٶȡ
Ϊߵٶȱˡ
С˵ɶ񡭡ջ֣߻鴤վԭأһͻȻĲ֡
ϹŬ˹ŰΪµĶǱҲϢӦһġվһԣ˶ʮζĿŶԷڿһֻǰĴһ㡣
ɶҲŹģҲŹģϷҲҪҧ㣬ԵһˣҪ塭ʱĴߺѾʼͣ
ҪǾ⡭˰֣˶ν˵
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ҵõϣŬ˹޽ʱΪˣʵѾһԴĳ̶ȣܹԵУԺŴߣ˶һĵ⡣


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ҵҩҵѪҪ֪˭ȻĻҶҪ壬ͬйصһ鳹Ĩȥ


ʱλҶĻѾ߳Ĵ󶴣˵һС
գǸ˵׵õʲôҷִԪ˧ҵʯͷȻҲΣСͨмУҶĻ뵽ʯҵеΣЩɻ
ڳ֮ʱҶĻʯҳ׽˶ԷһҶĻóԪ˧ʯͷ
Ԫ˧׿˵ǿʯͷȻֻܹһȴͨĴǿߣҶĻԼʯͷȻܹ˶гȥȻʵȴǡǡ෴
˶ͬóһʯͷһѪɫʯͷ
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Ǹ˵˵Լõ˰Ŭ˹ĴУҿӦòǡ
Ŭ˹Ϣʮ䣬֮мޱߵ֮⣬ȻϢȴԭĺ֮ѪζѪζȻǰŬ˹ĴУʮа˾ǺͰŬ˹йǿߵĴС
ǿʯͷӦҲӴ֮еõı
һĻԵǳҪɱüƻһȻпܰԼȥ
סҶĻٶȷɳ󶴣ζתʧȺɽ֮С
СʱһϢ˴ǡ
Ŭ˹¹ڣڻʮλǿ̽У󽫴ˣ󽫴ˣһλǱеĹ󣬺ħڲж
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ԾǿֳޣΪħˣλǿڻϣ֪ƭͱӵ˶ǿߣһǣһ൱гԹ˶Ϊƿ졣

ޱȺɽһСɽĵҲ㵱У˿̣ҶĻڴ˴
Ҳ֪ƿҩһƿҩҩҩЧΣŵϱֽŰСƿӣҶĻҲ
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ֽŰס֣һⲿĽҶĻСĽСƿһͬ򿪡

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ߵСƿûκηӦұߵСƿӸһȥ鶾Ǳ㷢ǿҵľ
ԹԣҩΣȼ޷𣿡鶾ϵı棬ҶĻЩļ¡
ӦñȽ׼ȷɣŬ˹ǸʱûпƼһ˵ĶǸʱǴǿҲ޷𣬵ȫͬϵĿƼӦúܺñŶԡ
һԡ
˵ͷҶĻԼͷֱСƿӵеҩһ˿մȾͷϡ
ͷûκηӦһӹͷȴ䡣
һͷʼԼ޷ٶܽ⣬һͷڲȴ˼Źֵı仯


401 Ѫ

һͷڲĹ쳣ٶȻţֻʽ쳣Ź֣˵ǻ𣬵ȴֲ˼ͷ壬ֻǽһЩ޹ҪĹܲλͷԾͷûʲôı䡣
ͷڣٶȴܹǿ
ڶͷܹŹ֣ٵȵȡ
ͷҶĻκһ仯ϸڣϸۿš
ʮӹ
һͷѾǧ֮һңڵĲȫ޷ԭȻڶͷȴٴγ˱仯ֱ仯ʹҶĻɴ˫ۡ
⡭ǣǻ𣬶ͷҶĻĺˡ
ڶͷ״ͷ֮ǰͷҪͣƾһ㡣
ѵһƿҩ
УŬ˹Ϊ񣬹֪ǲƿҩҲʲôֽš
˵ͷҶĻһԼָʵ顣
ʮӺָʵĽͷһģһ
ʵ鶾ǵĽһģһҲûļµĸоһƿʮа˾űҩ
ҪҪأ
ǰװкɫҺСƿӣҶĻЩԥ
Ȼ˵һƿпܱǰŬ˹ҩ¶һһСģҶĻпܻڴˡ
ףֽ֡
üͷһԥеҶĻĿһƳ俴˷ڵϵֽţֻֽӡһĹŰ֣Եʮء
ֽǴӺ˶Ǹ˵Ūģʱԣ˶֪ƿжֽ֪Ըҩֽϵֺпдá
һ˼ǣ漴ҶĻó׼Űɨ
ŰֵĽɲǴ׭ôףÿһֶ˼һֱܹʮ䲻ͬĻ룬ӵзҪֹϵҲҪһʱ䡣
Ļֲתϵͳͣÿһֵ˼Ϸ룬Сʱ󣬷ϲתͣˣһƪֵĶĻϡ
Ŭ˹Ѫսʿ
һ֣ҶĻ˾񣬾ȻǰŬ˹֮Ķ
ƪֵĶҶĻܴľϲƪƿҩͱ𷽷
һƿԶǿߵĶҩһƿŬ˹ҩƿҩǰŬ˹֮ǰԷŽȥģԭҲܼ򵥡
ϷŪˣΪŬ˹ѾԼҪϷŪˣȴϷŪ֮ı
֮ҩķ
һƪҶĻϲȴǰ棬ǺصĶ
Ѫ
Ŭ˹ľѧ֮һ䴫ڸѪֽ档
̬Ŭ˹ǱӻҪϵڣȻܹȱ̬
ҺãҺûֱӺͺ˶Ǹ˵ɱȻĻ˶ûʯͷҲһĶ֡
ڣ˶ʵ
ƻֻǴеһ֣пܵõУΪ벽ĴڣԴ༼ټϰŬ˹Ķ˶ʵԹơ
ʱҶĻҪɱ˶˼ˣȵڣҶĻѰ
ǵõһսеĿֲ֮
ϵĴкܶ࣬ȴʱ޷ȻĴвͬΪŬ˹ѪսʿȻսеĴڣĴͬʱһõĴУôκһ˵ʵÿֲޱȡ
ˣȰͷŪ꣬ԺлҪ˶
ɱ֣漴ҶĻֽϵķʼƿҩ
ȻĽ֮ǰĽһǵڶƿҩ

࡭
ɫһݣҶĻֽŰסڶƿҩֱ㽫ȥ
ڵأҶĻصȴҩЧ
һʼͬҶĻʵһҩûκЧȻһӹҶĻȴüͷ
סһҪס
ڹܱƻʹϮҶĻԺʹҶĻιȥ
ǿʹУҶĻоԼṹڱҩЧһ
ʹһֱ˽СʱСʱҶĻɫһɣʮֳĸоͷһʱ泩ޱȡ

֮ɫҶĻĹܣг㽡
ٶȱƻҪö࣬ƻһֱСʱȻ泩ȴһһҹ
ڶ죬ҶĻڵһиоʼȥ漴һǿޱȵҶĻһš
ҩȻ֮һ֡˫ۣҶĻ˷֮ɫ
ʱҶĻʾȻƾһҡ
֮Ƽ޵ʸϵ
֪ǿߵʣ۷߽׳Խ߱Ǽˣ֮ȻʻȴǿȥģҲ˵ҶĻʱͬǿߵ
ͬҶĻ֮Ҳͬǿߵ
ǿڵȻ޷󽫴ڣȴܹͻĵʮнǿڴ󽫵б
ˣҳΪн֮֮Ҳͬǿߵͬˡ
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Ŭ˹øл㡭
ȭͷһ󣬴˿̵ҶĻԵ֡
һЦҶĻһƿҩսָϰ˰Ŭ˹ľѪ
νѪǰŬ˹ķԴһֽɾ˿ѷɫͨһſľ
ѪתѪ֧͸ǱܣԲΪۣʩչս
֪ԴִڶνǣǻǾľս켶ľѧͨȻѪȴԲΪʩչĽɾ֪
ڵϣҶĻͣɨŷµľǧ֣Ժн޾ݡ
һҪСģѪΪɾѧȻ죬ʩչĺȴҲͬأ;ҪСģܳκ⣬Ȼ֮Σ
֮ҶĻʼѪĵһ
һʮ졣

ʮҶĻԾҲ·ʱȴѾȫӡ
صѪ˴̱ǵѪζҶĻҲѪЩѪѾһѪ裬ҶĻǡ
ѪҶĻġ
ǡ
ֻҶĻϵѪ£ҶĻ˫ۻˡ
ʵ޻
ʱҶĻѾȫʵ޻κ֮ǰһ˿âҲѾʧ
ˡ
ھӴп죬óˣȻٵ˿ǻһӵġ
վҶĻϵѪ趶䣬󻺲߳Ҳ㣬۶ȥ
ͬʱǿҲʼжˡ
Ϊʱĵһͣʵ˿ѷɫڰŬ˹й֮޲ĴУǴǿҲ۲ѣһΣõ޾ջ
ǰʼвǿ½ӵĴ֮ؽ


402 ɱȥ
ʮ׵ͿսмٷУֻҶĻ֮һһ㣬ϵĻɳΪ룬ڵһкۡ
ԴĴ֮رֺÿʮ꣬ӵĴбῪһΡ
ӵĴȫͬͣΪصĴУûκʵԵݣȴܹнȥǿ߽ÿһǿ߶ױȵĺôΪǵһС
ʵ̫ģҲ֪Ҵ˴ܹõٶ
ҶĻӭľ磬㽡
ʮСʱҶĻѾ뿪ɳشһƬ¶ȼ͵Ҳش
ոսҶĻоɲͬϢǰٷȥ
нһ󽫣ȥǿ߻ǲ١
Ԫ˧ҵ˵ڵĵطΣ򡣡
ӵĴʮأڴ֮ޱ޼ʵ֮һܽȻӵ֮γɣȴȫӣԵ䣬γӵĴС
νеģܹͬʱԶʮ߸˽һҪķѶʮʱеʮܹ֮һ
ҪӵĴУȴҲôףÿʮֻжʮ߸Ϊʮ߸Ͼᷢɱ
дƵϢȻûй¶ҵʱ䣬ӦöѾµˣԣǰ·Ӧûҳ֡
󽫼ǿ߲ܣԪ˧ţûĸǿ߸Ҷ֣µĴȴԻ֣ɱڵλǰŻҲڰг֡
ɫҶĻٶȣĳǰС
һΣҶĻˡ
һֱҶĻϲһԣĻȸܹѪеȡʤȻҪΪʤȴҪԵʵҪ֪Լʵ
һΣҶĻһ·ɹȥ˭Ǿɱȥ

ԶףһСɽɽۣһᣬɢǿϢӣŸ߱Զɨǰ
ͻȻһ˿ջϲӵǱߣ죬ǿˡ
ĵһţҶĻһǵʱ䣬Ӵٶȿǰãʮа˾ӵдơ
СӣҪ־͹ðɡ
һЦóһżΪߴϣҶĻǱ߼۶ȥһ䵶š
ˡ
һݣڷееҶĻ̳ͣӱķȥ

ζת˼Ϊ弼ֻӰڿмתȻһĲӰƹһҶĻǰ
ĵһţҲΪУѡҪôӵĴƣҪôҶᡣ
ȵվڿУԵš
Ҫ˵ûأɫƽҶĻͬŵڿС
Ǻǡţ
䡭
ӵǱٴγ΢ЦȻû˵ҶĻѾγǹɫ⾶ֱ
ҶĻΪȫӵԤϣνһԲϰε򣬵ҶĻ˵һ仰ѣҶĻȻֹ
顭
תһӰڿ֣ӲδǿеֵƱѵ䵶൲ӵķ·ߣ׾ٵıܿҶĻĹ

ûйӵһһӰֱҶĻɱ
ȡ
һҶĻޱ߽ɫ汬һ˲䣬Բ׳һƬ棬ԵϢҶĻϱ
ͬʱֻҶĻгһ˵ŭ⣬ŭʹ£һࡣ
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΢΢һҶĻ֮ͬһ룬ʮɫ޵ֱ֮Ӷȥ
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䵶תӾȻʮƱѵĵȫƫ߽ҶĻĹơ
΢΢ȴ˵״̬
һ֡
ȻˣǾҿܵסҶӵ
һҶĻĽɫٶţͬʱеɫѾȫĪŭռݡ
ŭ֮ĵļޣҶĻʩչ⵱ŭ֮ļµ״̬״̬£ҶĻᷭ
䡭
һıٶʮƱѵֱ֮Ӷȥ
ٵڼ֮һϵ˵ҶĻ֮ȻȴŲ࣬ҶĻʩչŭ֮ļʱϵĲǱٶ
һһš
һһӵӵĻѾѣһӵļʧߣ˿˿ζļϴļһƬڡ
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ſеĲӰҶĻɿüͷȥ𺣣Ҫǰȥ
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ͻȻһΣ֮ĸоҶĻͷֻҶĻüһĶͬʱҶĻԺһ渡ͷһɫӵԼ
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䡭
һܹᴩһ㣬˲䴩Խ׵ľҪҶĻɱ
һҶĻľſƱѵڿнըȫĥ
ſƱѵɢΪɫ棬ͬʱǿɫӵҲʧ˿С
׿⣬һͷ֣ĺãƤ쳣ˮ۵ŮſŮӵ˫Уһ࣬ͨɫ˶ѻǹ
ʱŮӵɫԵüΪԾ
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ݣһ
ŮӷſŵĵطҶĻЩջϮȻˡ
ʵҲܹڻǵģĵǿߣʵԶǵϵнǿܱȣټϻǵΣճ̶ȣԾ˶ӵһܵľ
ˣ׷ȥòʧ滹ˡ
ҡҡͷҶĻε̾˿漴Ӵеڵرȥ
ҶĻףԼнǿߵУһ⣬˶ѾǰߣеĻᡣ


403 Ӷ
ţǲۻˣ
þһǻþҾͻصһϻ
˫ۣһüȣ߲Щգ쳣׳˶ӣŵĿǰ
ĲԶһͬ׳˶ĺڼٿţӵһʮͨӡ
׳һܣһ߻ͷлĵĻϻʮСһ˿ڣԵúҡ
Ȼڱ׷ɱ
һǻþнʮ˹ƾȻһ۷ٽ׷ɱ
ԣܹǵٽǿһǾţǰû˰ǡ
ҶĻ׷ɱ˹ƵľȻһеĴҶĻ⡭ôܡ
㶵վԭأһʱ֮סˡ
죬˻ع񣺡뿪ӵʵʱ⣬ҪɱҵĻҾˡ
ĨĨǱߵգɽۣͷҲص뿪˴˴ҶĻ鷳

ҶĻͬΪ࣬໥֮伴гԹҲһҪ֣ŹҰɣұ֤ԺԲ鷳񱼣˹ƵԵúǳϿҡ
ߣŹ㣬㷽ڰ͵ϮҵʱôŹңһֱɱУҪֵˣҿûзŹϰߡ
ɱȻҶĻ˿ûзŹԷĴ㣬̧һǹ㳯ŶԷȥ
˹ƵʵҲǲҶĻ׷ɱãԾûбһν־ͨһҶĻĹ
ɶҶĻǸɱңսǱߵǿ߲ŹģҲܡ
һת˹ͣԭأҶĻв֮⣬ȻѾͬھͷ
սһ߲ӵˡ
δҶĻֻһ仰˫ǹǹڶ׼˹Ƶüġ
ɶ
ŭһۼ˹Ѿ˷һɱǰҪǿһƱֱҶĻ
ûжȭͷҲûʹκα˹ƴ㱧סҶĻ
ԺΣϢһ̣ɫ𺣱鲼Բף漴ҶĻһʮǹ˹ƴȥ
顭
ʮ˿ڣʱ˹ƴѾպദҲһһָѪס
ȻȴδӰ˹Ƶжо֮⣬˹ƺһһʹһ㣬ԾԼٶȳҶĻ
һҪͬھ
üͷһˣҶĻٶȲͣˣҪܿ˹ơ
Ȼһȴͽͣ˹Ƶٶȱһ࣬˲ҶĻ
ɣһɣҾҲҪһȥĴЦţ˹˫ſҪסҶĻ

ͻȻһ쳣ϢҶĻһţһ̣ҶĻѾڰ׿⴦
ôܡ
ɴ˫ۣ˹ƲŵĿŰҶĻǲ֮ɫ
ҪȥѾûʱˡ
䡭
ըˡ
վڻ𺣵е˹Ʊըˣûκףֻ˹˲仯ΪҽͬʱĽɫҲʧ
˿̣ԵüΪȻҶĻȴӰиоΣ
գӵʹʲôʽǱס»һ׻ΪҽҶĻƽգЩļ¡
һվˣǵ
תǰȥҶĻû˿ͣ˼
Ϸŵ˹ƣһ·ҶĻһնɱнǿߣнǿߣΪ۷ٽҶĻսνǼֲ

ԶһɽϣҶĻոȥվ˷еԶ
еһ˺ҶĻмֹڣٸԣعҶĻİǿߣӶ
һȻͬ飬һٸԵǿߡ
Ӷʵ˵ȫҪǿһأһ֣Ҳ޷ҶĻȥĵطڶü˵
ϴֻǼնɱʤʱʩչʵ˵ֻʱڻǵഫϻСͬüͷӶȴһ˿š
ŵӣ˵ʵȫ֣ܷнѡ
Ҳ̫߿λˡŵӲмƲƲ죬ǵϵͨнȻۣڻϣнǿԽնɱˡ
Ӷֻˡ
ֻǲˣڰˡɫƽӶԵʮֹ죬ţԴӽҲشһ·ϿνɱģնɱннΪ۷ٽȻţټϵıԴʶӴƣ֮˶
ֻ˾ʵһֱڼԶĵطˣֻҪǳֽȻ֣нǿΧҾͲҶĻġ
վӶΪʥ˧ϣ˿ȴԵüΪ
߰ɣֻҪɱСӣֵʵȻкܴļʵõ
ηɴܣӶŵ˷𣬾ֱҶĻ׷ȥ
ͬʱڼԶԶԶҶĻ̽ⷶΧ̽ļҶĻҲһͬȥ

Ŷ滹üͷһڷееҶĻͣ˹ȥ
ҶĻĸ֪ΧһףʱӶ˸ոսҶĻĸ֪Χڡ
Ȼһ۸αӡԶļӶҶĻ̱㽫˳һμһʱҶɱ⣬벻ξȻҳ֣һһ֡
׾߶ԣ˲伴һ̣Ӷŵ˱ѾҶĻǰ
Ҷּ֣ˣ˹֣ѧŻĵĹӶԵʮֿ
ȷʵԵֲǳʲô¡мĿŶԷҶĻڿУǿ̬ɡ
ǺǣҶ֣ͬϴһҪҪһݱԴʶ⣬ҶϵӴһãҶұؽ񱨡Ӷ˵֮ʱԵóʮ㣬ҶĻȴǹȻơ
ûУҪ͸ҵĻҵǿԽܡ
ŶԷҶĻһĲмͬʱתǹѾ׼ˣɱ¶ɡ
ҲˣҶĻûйͶԷġ
ϻʲôɱȫǵġ

һһԵŵѾͲסһѿо޽һ㳯ҶĻն
ʥ֮תŵӿʹ·һ㣬һǶС

ˣӶҲٷϻо޽һͬҶĻɱȥ
ʥϢǵֱ֮ҶĻ
ֱһáɱҲҪôӣۡ
䡭
𣬰Žɫ鲼УʮҶĻǹڷɳֱϵȥ
ҶĻһ·ɱսѾȼյ۷壬ѣһֱ֮ƣ׷Ծǿ̬˲նɱʴˣʮǹҶĻȫ֡
ŭ֮ļޣķսͨ㹥ɱмһνǿޱȡ


404 Χɱ
֡
һۣ漴Ӷұۻһһֻ̣ԭɢʥϢ˲䱶һ쳣ǿʥϢ˵ϱ
ͬʱŨİ׹ųγһǿĻǰ
䡭
ʮɫͬɫײȫӶΧڲȻʱҶĻȴüͷ
ӦٸԴԹŴ֮˵һģһһʩչ֮
Ӧúˡ
ȻҶĻ²һģһ
ĽɫɢɫȻѾƲӶŵȴûܵκ˺
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ͬʱȣѿо޽ڿкϲϼӣѿо޽ΪһѣһͨİɫԾ޽ϱһ˲佫Բڱյش

޽趯ͬʱһѾ޽ֻȫͨ׹ľ޽ֱֱĳҶĻնнƿ֮ơ
ߣʹ֮Ρ
Ͽţӭİɫ޽ҶĻޱߵŭ⿪ʼת䡣
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ʮɫƿ谭Ծǿ֮ӭ˿еİɫ޽
ıһʱ䣬նɫͰɫռݣǺƴޱȵڿвײ
˿̣һոɶλԾǨǿ¹˽ֵĳܹǿ߻ѹ
ߣҵʣ֮ͬǿߵͨнǿߣټͨڶսʹ֮Ҳֻܹ֤ʱܡ
ҵҪܳŶá
ޱɢڿУʱҶĻӵžԵš
֣ҲĶ֡
ϣնɱǵġ
ŭĿԲŵӴ߶ɫʵҶĻɱȥ
ͬʱӶҲʾϵİɫȫͬŵһɱȥ

䡭
޾ԿĽɫͬɫ֯ʹտ쳣׳ۣʮ׿⣬ҲܹоߵĿֲս
ʱս׿⴦һͷֵнǿԶۿ˵սһ߿ţнǿһüͷ
ǿٸԵļӶŵӱ֮Ϊ˫ǣӵһһļ弼ʵҲһģһһʩչٸԵǿ֮ϸûмǿ߸Կֻǰнǿ߲ŸӲǣλš
ɲ⣬λŵʵɲ⣬ʵ֮ǿ壬ĵľǿн
Զнǿ߿ԶǲֵĹţ˳˼
죬üһ˿֣֮ˣٲ֣¾ˣҶĻʵѾԶԶ˵ԤϣǰĹ֮⣬н֮иûܹ
õĻᣬٸ˫ǳ֣ҵĻӦÿԽѹƣټϡ˵ţ˳Ҳ࿴˹ȥԶڹս
нǿߣȻԽ¡
ֻҪһұһʵõԴʶӵĴơ
ͷȶδܶԼٶȳҶĻ񱼶ȥ
ͬʱнǿ߶˲䣬ڰнǿҲˣһͬҶĻɱȥ

Ȼˣɴ˫ۣҶĻܵ˽̽ⷶΧһ

ҶĻʧ񣬼Ӷչɫ޽նҶĻ
䡭
ʮƱѵٶȽɫ޽漴ҶĻˣҪ뿪
ϵнǿΧɱɲȵϵнΧɱڵϣҶĻʵȻܹнȫնɱûϣ
нֻ֣дǿ߲ſС
ӣ°ɡ
Хֻոոһнǿһ㣬˲ϵҶĻǰҶĻס̧һ㳯ҶĻɱȥ
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ܹΧɱŵսҡ
нǿҲѾϵһִ˶תɢǹһִɫһͬҶĻ
ٸ˫ǣӶŵӡ
Ѿ֣ӶȻ侮ʯΪһľ޴ɫ޽֮һ㣬֮նҶĻĲ
ݣӵôûŪһս켶ѧأ
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ԤʩչҶĻ֮յıܿ˵һʹ˵һڿС
ȻǴеĵطȴһɻԵֲֻдǿȫʱŻ֡
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ŭͬʱ֣Χɱ֮ƳҶĻ
һΣǳ׷ҶĻһ·ʹҶĻ޿ɱܣҶĻľԤ
ֲΧһԲɱҶĻ
ˣһսնɱнսûнǿ߲ҡ
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ڿУҶĻΧɱԼˣԾǿ̬
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һ󴫱ʵıҶĻһ쳣죬ϢȴޱѪǿϢҶĻϱ
Ϣֵ˲䣬Χɱȫɴ˫ֳۣԾÿ˵ϣһ˿֮ɫ
ΣС
ڸоϢ˲䣬ԺоȻͬʱΣС
䡭
һ̣ҶĻϰٴͬʱըѣѪҶĻڿӿһ˲Ⱦսһս漴Ѫ͸սγһɹѪҶĻ⡣
ѪУϢתη
䡭
Ѫγɵ˲䣬˵ĹҲҶĻǰֻĿֲγһԲҶĻΪըѿޱǿնһζ
Ȼʱ˵ٶֵнȴ¶˾֮ɫ
ֵнûκԥԼٶȷˣ뿪˲Χ
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á
üͷһŵӸոɻҪ˿һΣбϮͷ
ˡ
ۡ
ӵɲǼ䣬һɫŵӵǰᴩŵӳ׹ᴩζŵӵɢ
ۡ
һĽɫŵ֣ÿһⶼŵӳ״򴩣Զ
ŵӵǰѾһ󶴣ʧ
͸󶴣ԿŵӵվһˣҶĻ


405 ֮
ʱҶĻŵתǹ˶ǹָŵӱĴ󶴣һɹϢɢѪζҶĻϴ
ͬʱ˿ҶĻϵҲˡ
࣬ʱҶĻϵƾȻ֮ǰ࣬ʵࡣ
ãϿӡ
ҶĻʱ״̬ÿ˶ȻʹĳּΪǿĽɼڶʱڽʵ
һҶĻļӶٶȳԶٱȥҪҶĻĹΧ
ȻˣǾɡ
ĿżӶҶĻ΢Ȼ˲㵲˶Էǰ漴ҶĻ˫ǹֱָӶ
䡭
ıʮɫ֮ƳżӶȥӴѹϼӶͷ
ӶҪֵҪʹɫʱѾȫɥʧȥսģʵܹʹ߳ɣٶȸ½һأֻĿ
ۡ
ӵһ̣ʮƱѵѾӶ׹ᴩǰһ˶Ķڡ
ֱʱӶʶԾͣǰһ룬ûзӦ

׹䣬ӶĿʬͬŵһ·׹䡣
ˣٸ˫ڴˡ
ǵ
ûӶʬһۣҶĻƶ˲һִ˶תɢǹǿǰ

ոߡ
ʱҶĻոոߣнǿУӤһҶĻһܹնɱһнǿߣʵ֮ǿ˷ָ
ϢƬУֻҶĻһվŨѪζɢڴˡ
ЩѪζе˵ģҲҶĻԼġ
ĸһŲѪζȴΪգҶĻ¶һ˿Ц⣬һսҵؽڻɢ
ˡ
һ漴ֻҶĻѪɢȥǱǿҲʼˣһᣬҶĻָ֮ǰ״̬ʱҶĻȴ
ѪȻԵޱȡ
ҵʵȻڶʱһ࣬Ѫĺ֢ȴЩ̫ǿˣϢʱڵѪҺʧ֮һң״̬ǼֶԺǾҪʹõĺá
΢״̬ҶĻһʼǰУٶȲͬһ
֮ǰҶĻٸ˫ǵһսѾŪ˼ΪƴƣټǰӴ֮صıؾ֮·ˣǿ߶ע⵽ߣб㲻󽫴ڡ
֮λнǶݵȴޱȾ˵ս˸˵Ĺע
һս˶վԭأĿҶĻȥ֮𾪣λսĴǿߣҲһľȣȻû뵽ҶĻȻӵʵ
սλǿߣϢʱնɱλһλʵڻǰнǿߡ
һս֮Ҫ˶ãҶĻǡ

ӴУλһƬĮ룬ӵʯͷһͼ׹бڹС
ʱڹѾ˰ʮλǿߣЩǿ֮д󽫱ʮһˣٽˣ½нЩȫڵȴӴп
ǸϵˡվԶҶĻűΧӴй¶һ˿Ц⡣
һսҶĻһ·Ȼһһ㣬һ·ȴΪƽ̹ûκ˸ҶĻ֡
һսնɱнһսһнڡ
̤̤̤
̤ҶĻǰУȺΧϸۿŲԶǾ޴׵Ĵй
ȻҶĻĵȴΧ˴һ
һеĴڣҶĻȻʱ
ҶĻ˵ҡڣû˿˼ɵĳ߷һ·ǿ߶֣Ҫϵıȴնɱнڣ˸һնɱģҲ֪Ǽ٣ģһʵӦÿеǸ̥
ȻģϢǼλǿߴģҶĻһﵽǲ࣬ǰнȻǹ̥һȴѾʮˣһʮ궼ս
һеĴ棬Ե֮ӽϿû˻ȥ󽫴Ϊڤѹó֣нǿ߸û˸ҳ֡
һ̥ˣһ츳̬Ĺ̥
תڶнǿһҶĻλǿҲϸҶĻҪҶĻͨ͸
δǰˣʱҶĻֻǾؿŲԶӴй
ӣǵһʱǿ̣ͣȻʵ֮ǿš
һĸ̾ǰҶĻӵĲʵ
Ȼ
ǰһۿȥûκ֮һͨʯʹһ㣬ԴֲڣȻϸȥȴ֣ᷢʮֵȻ
һƬĮ֮гһ޴ʯʹԵúͻأЭȻλڻĮ룬ͻĮȴһֻȻһĸоӦôһ㣬ԵȻ
ӵĿֲܹ֮ϤƬĮϢһصһƬصĶС
вδܵκҹĲҲԵüΪͨȴ겻ࡣ
ˣӲ뵽˻ĮĻǽ뵽˻ĮϢС
ﶼӵԼϢԼǣԼֻ֮֮⣬Ϣ쳣΢ˣȻһƬĮȫϢȴԵޱǿ󣬸ͲܼӾȻ뵽˻ĮϢУƬĮ
־磬ǰŬ˹ΪӻҪϵڣҲӡ
Ϊ֤Լ뷨ҶĻۼ˫ۣ˹
ȻҶĻУƬĮɢһּ΢ɲĵɫΣȻЩȴȫŹ
Ҳ˵ĮÿһɳϵҪȥĻҪƹÿһɳϵȻһƬĮȴռ˻Ƕʮ֮һڤҲһܹ
ˣӶȻĹ֮ˡ
ƬĮڲڴĶָʱǶʮ֮һĵطڰ
ԹԣȫָǿûˣôĴж̬ѹﱻ֮ΪǵһС
˿ڿˮҶĻʵǲˣԽԽǾɲ⣬޷
ˣȰɣдƣʱһȻ֪
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Զһ£ͷңԵʮصҶĻȥ
ɶ񣬾ȻҶĻ쵰ʵǿʲô̶ȣΪλһּΪΣյĸо϶Ȼдơ
˵Һ˶ʵ֮ǿȻǰнȴ޷ҵһöƣЩƵнһд󽫱ӻҸû֡


406 صĴ
ʡ
ʱĺ˶ܼҶĻΪҶĻӵдơ
һֱ˶Ŀ궼ŰɱҶĻҶĻҵķʽǰȥԴӵõĴ֮󣬺˶ΪԼɹԶˣȻҶĻʵȴһδεĳԤϡ
ۺ˶ĴУô֮еķߵĶԶҶĻܹվһϣú˶ǲʣ޷ҶĻ˦޷ŰɱҶĻ
ȻڣҶĻȴӵдƣҲ˵ڽ괫֮ҶĻʵʮа˾Ż֮ϣΪ֮ӵĺ˶޷ܡ
ɶƾʲôƾʲôҶĻӵдơ
ҵõĴУǵɼսУΪʲôûӵĴơ
ȭͷ˶ֱҶĻԼ޷ѹֵɱҶĻѡ
ȥɱҶĻдǿߣб㲻սǵĴǿߣЩڣֻҪһ֣ı

һ΢紵ƬĮУһϮ΢ʹ˵鲻ࡣ
΢ڳд˶ûע⵽£ӰӴйһԡ
˵ĳֻ֣д󽫴ڲע⵽µǿȫ˺ˡ
һһŮ
еݣƤԲ԰ףվһʣսһ߲ӴлĻþһ֮Ƶ
Ůɫսĺãɫƽȴһֳʡ
У˵ĵΪȵģҶĻ
ҶĻȵĲŮӣŮ
ϱôˣüͷһĵҶĻЩ⡣
δ棬ҶĻ
ҶĻԣԵͷʾ⣬ڵر˫ۣҲ
ϱôˡ
ŲŲƨɣҶĻҲ˵Ŀ⣬ֱԽԷ
ˣҶĻһۣҾͲ𣿶ĳƺǲе⣬ǵ黹û
⣿ҲðͷҶĻһӦ㿴ٽ۷嶼ȴѾ۷ˣҲΧЩнôҡ
ҽһ죬ڻնɱλнλнΧ֮ƽԷɱսЦ֮µǿߣʵⱲעûԽˣҿǵԼˣȥ͸Ҷɡ
㡭
һ壬ҶĻֳ˵ȻЩ죬ҶĻλнΧʱ¶˵֮ɫ
ˣʱû˭Ҳ֪
һֱӱ˫ۣҶĻȻǲظȴ˵飬Щš
ҶĻ̶̼仰˵Լսʵܲ𾪡
㲻˵Ҳûãǳ¡
ƲƲ죬ҶĻҲ˫ۿʼĵȴ
һʱ䣬㶨ڴˣλǿڹܣĵȴӴеĿ

󾢷絶һ㻮˵ԣɳ裬ʹûߵĻĮһĪ
ʮСʱ󣬾ԾڵʱûκףλڻĮشĹʯʴŻشˡ
͸ţֻܿһƬڣ֮û˿޾ĺڰһ㡣
ȻһĨڳ֮ʱϰλǿȴȫ˼Ϊɫ
һαϴҪСʱ߰ɡվһλ󽫴ִĴƣ˴йѾĴš
ʮˣȵıһ̡
ͻƴ󽫵ϣ
ѱʱ̡
ӵдƵǿһһվǰԼһ㣬ſĴŶȥбҶĻˡ
·ֻаٶף·ϵˣȴ缴һ㣬ζӡ
ЩûдƵǿڵϣ˻̤Уе˲ʣе˼ʣ˼Ϊƽʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
һλ󽫴ڵҶĻִƣΪĿţ˴йС
һԼƽ״̬
漴ҶĻֻǰһƬڰԼһ硣
ڶ
ΧһжʧߣȫʧҶĻоԼٴν˺ڶУһжԵ˹¼ţ綼ֻʣԼһˡ
УüͷҶĻִƾվԭأϸһС
ޡ
ҶĻĸ֪УΧѾһƬޣ֮Ҳ޷֪κζ
ˣһԡ
ҡҡͷҶĻڵأԼݴеѧĺʼһᣬҶĻ˾ƽ״̬
Եƽ޵ĻԵúǹ졣
ಡ
ͻȻҶĻгһ⣬һһԵЩĪ
ڵ棬һ⾹Ȼڵ桭
ü侪֣ҶĻ㾪
Ϥʵ̫Ϥˡ
һν̫ʱҶĻָֹоָоȴûٴγֹû뵽Ȼ֡
ѵν𣿡
ѹס飬ҶĻάžƽ״̬ϸһ⡣
һҶĻɻˡ
һȫͬڵһν̫ʱһ⣬ֻҶĻڲ֣ȴûκζĿĵεһ㡣

ʱϸҶĻУΪϸСҶĻ˵ʲôҶĻȴܹоڽһһغ
ѰκԴͷֻǸоԽԽԻһʱ䣬ҶĻףԺʡ
˵ʲô˵ʲô
ԣǡ
ͻȻҶĻһ漴ֻҶĻԭأһƬͣȫʧȻͬȥһ㡣
ҶĻδʱҶĻһ״̬һǻ֮״̬
ҶĻͷһ治˸һŴ͵ܽỰһǻ
ҡӳϣĵ
ЩȫǷҡӳϣʯϵĶ
ҶĻʯǿмµĶʮķʯ̺һʯڵĽ⣬ͬӵĴĪһ㣬ʹҶĻֻмΪ֮ʥͲŻ״̬

ͬʱڹҲһ顣
˽빬пУһ쳣ǿ󣬺ܹذӿɲǼϯƬĮ
ڹڶǿһͷԵüΪƣӲ޵еơ
ȻЩǿȴûһ˿ȥΪͬҲ˿˿еãƣȻ빬еô󣬵ҲΪΪˣԼûƵǿߣҲ
ӴޱȣûܹϤеܣÿһδУһǿߣʹ֮á
һδΪھ죬Ҳֶ֪ܹ֮µǿߡ
ƺƴޱȵĹһλΪϵĴǿϸϸš


407 ʮ
ӴÿʮһΣÿһΪھ죬֮ڣйȫգƬĮڱӻŹе޷ⲿҲ޷ȥֻеȵн֮ʯŲŻٶȴ򿪡
һ죬һжͬ˸սȥʱһޱȺƴŹƣ
ڶ죬Ȼûʲô仯ûκ߶һжԵޱȼž
賿Ϣһ˿ı䡣
䡭
˵ֻԹ֮һɴ󽫼ϢӿϢһţȴⲿ˴һ
֪ڲǽȥʮһλ󽫴ڣЩ˵Ϣ޷͸©ֻĳͻƵʱϢŻʱ͸Ҳ˵ͻˡ
нĹ̥벻Ȼǰ֮ǰͻˡ
ǿϢһͻƣʵȻͨǿܱȣӽϿҪһǿڡ
нǰĶǹ̥һͻƣΪǿڡ
ʱ䲢̫˱ٶȾ
죬ڶɴϢԹ֡
죬֮ûκζ
죬ɴϢԹ֡
죬ĹɴϢһнϢԹ֡
ڰ죬壬ߣɴϢͬʱԹ֡
Ѿ˴нͻƵ˴󽫼
˿̣˶ڵأǰǹӼ׵ʯʹϵԹ֮ɫܹʡ
ɶ񣬲Žȥ˶ˣ˳Ϊ˴󽫣ҶĻȻûж죬ܹΪнǿߣҳͻ֮⣬Ȼջ񡣡
첻
Һ˶εţȻûʸУǿУһȴʸȥ
첻һ죬ҪΪǿڣնɱнڹнܴеǿߣ׻ȥ
ҵòģ˼ǵõҲҪȥ
˶Ѿ׹ħŹеһ֣˶еĺԽԽʢֱʱеĺѾһ޷ĵز
䡭
ͻȻһ쳣Ѫǿ󣬵ȴּޱߺԺ˶ϱʹΧĻһɼŨصѪζ
ܵǿһȫ˺˶
н˶ȻͻƵнĲΡ
С˭ôûոճΪнƱ㿰ڶǸ̥
ʲôʱһǿߡ
ǻǣڵҲûţһﵽ˭
֪ҲûСӵʵҲδе̫ǿˣϢ쳣Ѫȱ䣬һɱǣԺǾҪȥ
ڶнҵ˶һĿˣΪµı֣˶ǳ⡣
Ҫıֽ
һ죬Ҫ˶ҡ

˶ͻ˲Сĺ䶯ȽܴǼλŵͻƻҪ𾪣ȻΪһҶĻȴûκζ

ʱҶĻԾǰ֮УûкûдһƬԾɴڣ˶ΪѾˡ
ûκζҶĻԺȴһޱ𾪵Ļ档
ҶĻԺеĶй¶ȥ»𾪰ڤڵд󽫴ڡ
ԺУҶĻһ֮һƬУҶĻ֮Χȴǧʮ㡣
Щȫеĵ㡣
һ£浱еǧʮʲô¼ǵһǿߣսڤѣҲûô㣬ֻһ룬ȻҶĻȴô㡣
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ʮķͼҶĻΧԶʮķͼдʮԡ
࣬ҶĻǲԵĻ֮Ҳһ󶶶
ӽ봫֮صĵһҶĻѾ״̬һֱ죬Ծûܹȫ״̬
ھ賿һӡ
쳣ǿнϢԹһš
ϢеһɱҶĻģϢ֮ǿ˿ѷɫں˶ͻʱĳ̶ȣй֮޲Ҫǿһ˿
Ϣ֣ҶĻǳԺеĻ֮ʧҶĻ˫ۡ
ѹһֱ޷ʮԭνʮ󲻽Ҫңǿգʶģ⣬ҪǣҪڲʮҪһе㣬ǧʮ㡣
Ǵ˴ӴУҽϣ֮
Ҳԣڵֹ֮Ȼһˣׯ£ӣׯӣϣġ
˱ΪʥΪڣȻߵͬһ·ͨӴгɹϣǿѧʮ
ֱʱҶĻŶйһ˽⡣
ǧʮ㣬йȻܹǧʮ㣬˵׳Ѿִǿߵ󣬿ɼӵѾ˺־硣
ף벻ңϱͻˣüͷһ׼ҶĻоһɼɢϢϢ
ͨʮͻƣн߳㣬нв㣬ﵽ߲ĳ̶ȣСȴҲոյнвĵزҲĳѧ
Ҳϲңʮڣһ꣬ұܹΪ󽫴ڡ
Ц֣ҶĻٶȱ˫ۣ뵽浱С
ڲĵ겻䣬ôأҫۣҶĻĿȴĵ㣬ĵһԵĵ㡣
ʮŸ㣬ոպһͼһʮеͼ
Ӵв񼣣ԻΪ棬޷ҶĻǧʮ㣬ֻҶĻһͼ
ǰֵĶʮķͼҶĻӴеֵģһû˴ҶĻ򵽵ľֻһ
һͼҲѾ㹻ˣҶĻ̰ģһͼ޷ҶĻ
ʮǿ߽ܹһͼ޷Ķʮ󣬵ҲֻͬҪһΣұܹڵĵȫա
ʮҶĻδȥڵһͼǳǰޱ߼ʵ档
ʱҶĻֳ֮
Ӵаǧʮ㣬˾ʮŸ㣬ˣҲֻܿЩʧɵۣҶĻİ£Ѿǿмסǧ޷֪λá
кҶĻԼڲ⣬ûκǿд㡣
ҶĻ֮
顭
УҶĻתȫǸ޷֪Ʋڵĵطһһȥ
ҶĻת쳣΢ĴϴÿһһĿ
һӣҶĻ㿪ʮ㣬ٶǿ֪»һͷײ


408 
ʮһǧʮ㣬СҶĻѾԼڴǧʮ㣬˶ʮͼ
֮ǰҶĻ˵һͼʱҶĻֻоͼ֮һ쳣ǿصϢ֣ÿһͼָоһֱ֣ʱҶĻʮͼ֮ڵϢѾҶĻ˾µĳ̶ȡ
̫ǿˣϣΪҵʥʱΨһһȻϳɾĴڣʮ󼴱ǿߵľУҲȻ۷弶𡣡
ʮһʮķͼÿһͼǶĴڣǽ˳ͼתɷǿһͼӦûԵӡ
ʵʹͼѾǼˣʹõķҺпܻᱬ
ˣȽͼ˵
תҶĻСĽ˳Ĵڵȥ
顭
һڶһ㣬ҶĻʮ׵Ĵ򿪡
ȻھתһʱҶĻȴͣסˡ
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ҿ
ŭȣҶĻתȫԾǿ֮Ƴһȥ
ˡ
һ˲䣬ҶĻֹͣһ鲼ҶĻԺ
ҶĻףԼֹͣǰһ
죬ҶĻָͬʱ˫ۣҶĻϣȴһ𾪡
⡭⡭ɴ˫ۣҶĻһ𾪵ĿԼ˫֣һ㵽ʲôΪηһҸоһϢ
ԣⲻǵ⣬ͼ⡣
ʮķͼڳϣĵıѪᾧ̺ϰأͬһʮķͼȫȻֲּ飬ǡΪڡ
ҷŸоıϾͼʱıϣǵ֮ǿԶʵļޣһͨɽɺ
üͷ壬ҶĻͷ˼Щ
һԡ
˵ͷҶĻ˫۽գʼٴγڵһ㡣
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֮ͬǰһģһҶĻתһ㶼ͨɽһ㣬ûг˿ɶؽҶĻ档
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һСʱҶĻεҡҡͷ
ˣʵ޷һͼҳΪ󽫴ڹҲûпܡ
ʮȫգ׻ᷢʲôأ
̧ͷŴйеĺڰҶĻ֪ԼԼԼѾ²⵽˽

Ǵһ㣬ʮа˾Żɾ

ʱ仺ŶԴӴһ֮ҶĻо˶ʮͼãУ
ʱлûнͬҶĻһ˶ûκζ
Ȼڻϵȴ֪ڵϣһǧŴϷ
̫ƽϷһ쳣ȽСͺҪУʱλ󽫴ΧһԲĹ
λ󽫴֮룬һ͸ľ޴г˵ɫҺ壬ЩҺ֮ȴһ޴ĳɫԲ
ˡ
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Щλǿߵǵ֮ɫÿһ֣ϵĵ֮ɫʢ
ô죬ĻֻάֵһСʱԺ󣬵ȴԾûκζòᡭһλǿߵ֮С˵
Ҫ˵һ˵λһۣԴǶоΪ͸Ĵڣ֮ǰڤ֮Ǳоʮ꣬ڻѧϵѾ˵ĿƼ꣬һĴôܻʧܡ
ĵһʱʱȫǵһӻ֣߿Ƽ·ˣȻɹǧ漣֤ÿƼȻܹɾ
ˡ
ͻȻһλ󽫼֮վʱһԲ֮˲䴫
֣λǿȫָ֮ǰĹˣһǵĿԲ
ɰڴһ١
˶ףɰڴһ٣Ļľʱľ
ɶ񡭡ܳɹһܳɹ
ģԲġ
ڻѧϵ賬Ƽ꣬Ȼܹһͻơ
ȭͷ󣬶ͷ죬Ѿŵ˼ޡ
󣬾˵ıת䣬֮ɫʧȡ֮𾪡
ǡ
˿˿ֻλԲȻһ˿ѷ졣
ѷ󣬲һγһᴩԲľ޴ѷ졣
䡭
һ̣һɺţƾǿ޾񣬵ȴԵޱԲ֮б
һ˲䣬Ƶĳ£ԲڵһӴܣһħһ㣬λϵƲ㣬ҲƵĳѸɢʹ䵽棬⡣
ˣһٶŬǳˡ
ӽ֮Ϊ𡭡
ĴЦϴԲ֮дԲѷһƤֻۣʮңԵޱ۵ĺͯ
ͯȻԵüۣУȴ޾ķ񣬺޾֪̰˹̹֮򿪷ߵĴڣŻѧңԬ
ϲɾԺ춨ȻܹɶһĻ̽λ󽫴һ˷ܵͬ
Ȼ
ߣԷͷʮһоɹҪ򣬽ҿ֮֮صĳ֮ա
ǡ
ɵԬһ£λж֮װʵͷš
Ϊһ죬Ԭ׼

ͬһʱ䣬ϵĸѾо˲
Ԭڳɾ˲ɢϢʵ̫ǿˣͬѪһ޶
ǿϢѾɢļ֮̽УټԬǼϢѾף²ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ػ룬ʱӵеһǿ֮Ƶڤѣλǿޱվ
ܻģԬ츳ߵһ֣ϾյĻѧҪԽꡣǰĺڶһ׳˶ľǿεĸ̾
赲ɡ
ʱǿ߶࣬ȴ٣ִȴǽڶ࣬ǿ٣˵ǺʱĲಢ̫󣬲ԷȴԿƼ壬ôȥԷĿƼƿ״̬ҲӦñǿһءһǿͬЩΡ
ףƼǷչĸоͷֶĽܹеùƼվ޷ʱ
ߣʲôϷܹնɱԬһΣܹɱڶΡ
һڤѲδֱ뿪


ʮ ײ


409 Ҫ
ޱߵУͨɫɴƽ
ɴĵκҶĻڤѸʱһҼһٶȴһɴࡣ
ΪɴһƷβǿƽ£ɴڲѾ˿˿ȶԡ
顭
Сʱ󣬰һζҷɴ䵽档
ͬʱҷɴҲױϡ
ʱһʮ꣬ǻˡ
ＴΪҳ̫ϵɾȫΰѧҵĵһվ
γɵĲдֻʮңɫսԬһ߳˷ɴ
š
ʱԬƾţһ߳ɴԼϢɢȥ˿ڤѣԼפϵİٶλн󽫣ǿڡ
ĵ
Լʵ֮⣬Ԭƣҷɴս
ԵһұϷɴУλ󽫴ζվԬ
ڶҽϴķɴУʮͷͬͺŵʵڹĴ˳
ɱ֮ɢ
ԬϷӵһԭΪʵҵû뵽㾹ȻԼ
һΣϷɱ㡣
֮£ڤǲϣȴں޵֮Ƶ˲䴫Ԭ˵ĶС
ڤѣʮӶʮҽѾɾΪΨһڣΪβ
һΣұҪǰ򿪱һٶĴš
̤ԬСһ֮м޾ޱƳƬأƵӰ£ƶУ΢΢
䡭
δȵһ޵Ե¿ϮͬԬײһڤѵơ
ڤѱΪһǿߣΪ޵е
Ѿ벽ڤѣԼ޵еģʱͣԾ޵С
顭
ǿײͺƴΪÿ˵ĶС
ʲôϹʵ
ɴ˫ۣԬֱ˳
ƽɫƵıƴڤѾȻƽɫ
ڣڤȴֻǰ벽Ĵڣ벽֮֮𣬵ڤȴƽ֮
޵֮⣬ڤѽս֮һǰ޹˺󣬵һľء
ʮǰܹʱӲѪޣʮĽ죬ڤѼûгɾս֮һǿص֮
δǵǿ
ʱڤѾһսͣǶ㹻ȻܹϿ׵ȿͲС
Ϲ㽫ս֮һ˾Σվ֪ܡ
൮һԿѧɾĿţұ㽫״ƣ޵е񻰴Ӵʧ

ŭһСԬ˫۶һޱȿֲȴ־Ϣ˫ϱ
漴Ѫɫ˫֣γһ׵Ѫɫء
һɱһλͨĴ󽫴ڣ˶󽫡
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䡭
ϵ޵еͨд漴һĨ֡
ֻɲǼ䣬ʧͬʱԬĻҲʧ
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ִɫصһ׹ӵĺɫսޱ飬ȴɢ޵վһ
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գϷ
Ŀź˶ڤԵòսգʮܵսڴ˿̳ױ
ϲģһԣֶܹġ
ұؽͨĴš
ҳ壬Ǳֱӽģ
ޱѪγĻ𺣣Ż𺣺һǿߣʵ壬Ԭֱӳݵڴ˹ȥ

һսչǿߵɱʽʣ״̬УȻȴһ֪
ʮ賿㣬Ծͬһ㲻ԻĮйιʱӴйϢѾ˼㣬ͬǰٷ֮һ
ǡ
ʯƶشˣ漴ڶǿһ滺߳
ȥʱһʮһλ󽫣ʱȴʮλ󽫴ڡ
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ӴУʮһΣÿһζλ󽫴ڣϧҽ¶ԵӴˡ
ܴвǽͱǿ֮ǰҲͨˣǲ߲һ
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ҶĻˣΧΧǿһ̾漴һת뿪
б˶ֻ˶ʱϵԹ֮ɫŨˡ
Χȥ߳ҲԷͷ뿪
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һӺ󣬹ܿһˣйٴλָƽԵüΪͨ
ɳĮһʯɽҶĻҪ
ţҪˡ̧ͷ죬ҶĻüͷ
Ǳ֣иǱ޳ʱǵտҶĻȴио˿˿ա
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üͷеĸоʹҶĻʮֲ̹һ̿ںһ
ҶĻʱ˿ڻǵǿ߶̧ͷգʮ

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ڤѣΪ֮սΣվ赲ҵĽŲ
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Ԭ㵽Ҫβſϰ֣ҪоˣǴ֣ҾۼǧԱڷӡϴһȱڣȥѵҪȵ֮Ųɡ
򿪵ĺӦñ
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ڷƨ𣿵ϵЩҲһо
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˫ۻ裬Ԭ֮ºڲ޾źڶȥ
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䡭
һͬǧǰڵ໥ײһʱ䣬ºڲ衣


410 ֲڶ
Ѫ׷裬ըѣֻںڶⲿķɫⲻתƷʱһ㡣
ƵɮΪǧǰߣƴѧΪһˣ㻤ָķͣǿĴڣǿҲʱĥ
ǧȥ㻤ֵֻܿǧǰһңټϴ˵ԬԬʵҲΪ
ֻɲǼײֱֳ˲֧֮״
µ磬µ壬µ൮⿪ɡ
ҿ
˫ۻ裬纣ľѪٶȹ֡
顭
䡭
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Ϣֻ͸ϺڹʢޱߵĴȱϢԻɢ漴ֻΪºɢ

̾Ϣ֣ƶΣҲƶȰһ֮Ƶɮʧ
ˣڴˡ
ڤѣʵǿΣվ޷赲ңһٶŬûа׷ѣµ磬ˡ
ʱԬѾһ㣬ǺĴЦдһߴЦţԬһ߳źڶȥ
ɲǼ䣬ԬӰȫʧСͺڶС
ţվǱˡվԭأڤΡ
ţǡ
üͷһͻȻڤѷ˲֮
ڶڱ䡣
ǰСͺڶھĳּΪļѹһ㣬ȻڱΡ
ڲתСͺڶһ᷽һԲԵüΪ졣
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СͺڶڱСۿɼٶȱС
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ϣû˱ڤѸ˽⵱֮ͬһսĸ
һս֮ƾŴ߶սסɱ˺ڶ֮УνѪȾǡ
󣬹֮ͺķѴһзգͨͻ֮Ծ涴ٽԭĺڶ򴩣ºģΪףڶڸ˷ӡǵһӡԴ
λڵ͵ķӡֱƳʱһزƵٴβȫ
Ԭܹ֮׵شƷӡΪݻƣӵĲȫңʹͷӡʧȥϵ
˵ڷӡܻ֮Ӧʱȴȫڤѵ⣬ڤһͷԵĸо
֡һԭ򡣡
ÿвһ֪ˡ
ҡҡͷڤѷ뿪˴ʼټԱ

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ûκԥҶĻԼٶԶȥҪ뿪ڶ뿪ǣԶܹյľͺڶ
ҶĻϵǿȫҪٶ뿪
ԽĴڣںڶ֮иܵΣϢԽأǼλڤһ벽սڤѵĴڣǸоΣ

ͻȻڶʼ˺ѣֻһɫԺڶ֣֮˲ᴩڶƽڶ˺һ㡣
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ӲҶĻҪǰȥһжͽ͡
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Ӻ󣬻ϰҶĻڵǿ߶Ѿʧ˺ڶС
ʱڶǿֲԾûɢ鲼ǡ
Сʱ
ڶĿֲάСʱʱ䷽ʧ
Сʱ󣬻ѾΪƽأԭͨɽʧ˰˳ɶ࣬ɳǼ룬Ʊڹһ㣬ӿݣһĩպΡ
ʱһжָƽ޴ĺڶȴԾ̾Уס˰գޱȣ
ͬһʱ䣬ȫˣΪڻǿߵźžȻСʱʧһʣ


411 Ĵ
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Сʱʱ䣬ڸźŲԼֱǼ尾ЩԱǿϵźһһʧ඼ˡ
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תѣθϮҶĻͷһ̣ҶĻֱ¶Цݡ
䵽˵ϣ˫ʵʵĸо˵棬о˷磬оĺ
ǡ
ҡҡͷԺеѣθУҶĻ˷ȥ


412 
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ɫأɫգɫʯɽټ裬ҶĻΪߣ»ΪǻȪ֮ء
ҶĻܣҲκοռԾڶҶĻƾճһ㣬ҶĻҲûмκһһڶǿߡ
Ҹоѹ̧֡ͷգҶĻüͷ
յĵһۣҶĻб˿˿ĸо
ָоǳ죬˵֪Σ
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û̫д֤ûҲҪ֤Ŀǰֻɫʯͷͺɫء
ռԾõĺڶҲʧֵĵطôȥ⡣
һûĻǡ
üͷҶĻóԼͨѶź豸
ͬҶĻһȫûźţֻڻܡ
ԾڶƯʮ죬ҶĻʮа˾Ѿ˾ǲ֪ٹĵطܹеźŲǼˡ
ҶĻĴųܹ죬ͨѶ֮źҲʧ޷ͨͨѶҵˡ
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һ·ϣҶĻһﶼ¼ͨѶУҪһϸͼ

ͽУҶĻһ·ߵĺÿһҪϸļ飬һֱ֮ҶĻµķ֡

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νһжʼգͺڶ޹ʳڻϷļʼֱԺԲƣͻȻֱضԭУԭҶĻ֪ǰʯϵϣŴֲûиҶĻʲôУֻҶĻΪɻˡ
ǺڶĳԭѵŴȱ򣿡
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ӰʧʮһģһɫԸͨʣܹʮ
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ǧ׿⣬ɫĵһ󶶶ѣ漴һͷ˶󣬺ްԵһԾ
ͷ֣ޱȿ񱩵Ϣ鲼Բǧס


413 ɫճ
ͷ޵ҶĻκε˿ǳ֡
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ͷǿϢ㿰н۷ǿߣͷ޵ȴǿе֣ΪھȻûκҲ˵Ȼɵģǵ
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һı֣ʮƱѵ壬˺˸һ㣬

ӵеֺҶĻδԭͣһԾٶȳȥ
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ǰѾԼⷶΧҶĻͷˡ

ͻȻҶĻָոɫ飬ֻһ̹Է˸漴ҶĻھȻһּȼʵĸо
ա
ҶĻԷǳٶɫ塣
תҶĻ̽£һ𾪵ĿԼ֡
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ͬղһģһһӴҶĻ㿪ʼԼٶɫ顣
ûѹԼ屾ܣҶĻԹһ㣬ϸڵһб仯
ͷ°Ŭ˹ҩʱ״ɫڵĶƻҶĻڵĹܣһֱѭš
ʮɫʧѾȫҶĻա
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ҩ
壬漴ҶĻŵϽʣһЩкٴη
һΣҶĻϸɨӽкÿһ磬ҪҳЩк֮
ʬĹѾʧЩкֻһЩ쳣߶˵ĽѣҶĻô̽飬ҲҲ֮
⵽ʲôط
һŲӦôڵߵĿǣܹʵı


414 ɻ
ŲôڵӵеŴȱĹӵ
˵˽СͻأǷɴ
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ҶĻδֱӷһһ·˹ȥ
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ɡ
δˣһóԼĴصֱӽҶĻں档
ðɡˣҶĻֻȥ

һǿƽһ쳣ԵϢ
һִѹһУֱӵķʽϢ쳣Ե


418 
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һڤѵ洫ȫһͨǿߵĹȴֻǽһѺۡ
֪ǽֻǿƼûо֮ļӳ֣ȻʷĶȴסܹɽһ
ߡ
һһ壬ݣеĴصٴλ
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סҶĻŲף˳ѷ˽ȥ

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죬⵽ʲô⣿
ǰɢŰ͸ӣҶĻȫ֮ɫռݡ
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˵
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ָҶĻסһڣλ潫ȫ˵κϢ˲ʧ

䡭
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꣬ҪűԼסҶĻŬŬ죬ˣ˵ķɴкһ˿϶ҲǿҲǰھֵˣǶǿߡ
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ڹҵĸ֪Χڱʮͷ࣬Щ֪ΪȴǲϽɴ˵ͷҶĻʮȷ
ȱһܣЩ˶ԼֱǱǵʵڳȥ»һΣգһٳȥ
š
һ򣬿ʼŷɴڲǰ
ͬʱڷɴΧǿѾЩ


419 
צȻܹߣڵɫճ߶ȴ޼֮ʱʮͷڷɴΧڶǿ߶ԣֱı
ԭΪ˴λֶ飬벻Ȼܹ˶Ļ
ˡ
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ʱѾʮһͷʮͷ۷нΪ󽫼
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顭
˫ۻ裬з˫צֺ壬н۷ȻӦʱ䶼ûУ㱻󽫴˲˺ѣʬ廯ڵء
𡭡
˻˵ֱ󽫴˹ȥ

һһӰܳж˲䣬ʮλǿԷɴڲһԾÿѡһͷ˹ȥ
һʱ䣬ɱ֮ͬĴսʽչ
սڼߵǿҲڲ࣬ʱţԽԽǿߺսţ̶ʮӣսݱʮͷսʮߡ
ı𣬸ɢԵüΪҡ

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һֱɴľͷͣھͷһطҪƵĴ󶴣˳Ŵ˸ʩչȫʼҲ㣬ֱӴڳȥ
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ǰͺ̣ʧĳ£Ѿкüнǿ߱ץˣԭزͣš
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ٵطôĹֶ

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ЩȻܷĿ꣬Ӵܵǿٶ׷ȥҪǿ߸Ͼɱ
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вǿߺҶĻһ˷ɴڲЩȻҽɴȴڴ˵زԸȥ˷ɴͨЩפڲࡣ

ǧҲҶĻԣʮӱ㽫䳹״ͨ
顭
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ãӡ
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δܶٶȲͣ񱼣ֻӰԿ֡
Ȼͷٶȴ죬ֻһգ۵Ĺ㽫ԼҶĻ˼ľһ롣
ܣȻطɴȥǱɡ
εתһ˿ʼ˳ԭ·أҪصɴС
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䡣
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䡭
ı
ɫ裬ǿҴܣҶĻԲǧ׵λѾȫǿ֡
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֮󣬽ɫɢȥҲʧ¶ѾΪصĺɫ档
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Ѫˡ
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ҶĻڣκ˶ΪѾˡ
ܡ
һҶĻ˳ֽһصɫճ𣬺˲һ߽ס漴ֱ˳ʱĶڷȥ


420 
ҶĻʱʵȶ󽫻Ҫǿϼ֣һ̱Ѿ˶ڡ
𡭡
޺𣬾ҶĻ붴ڲʱ䣬ͷͬʱϵ
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ʱͷڶڴǻ׹֣ȴҽ붴ڡ

顭
һ붴ڣҶĻֱԵڵأ׻˹ȥ
ҶĻҶĻǰҶĻѱż֮ռݡ
ʱҶĻν쳣ңȫմԼѪڸǱ߷ͼԶܼ޵ˣ༸ȫѣҲһ룬ѪҺǼʧ
ΪߣѾ߱˰ԵԣӵпСǿһҶĻѾĲˡ
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ҶĻʱ״̬ȴе⣬޷ЩˮڵϵͳҲ⵽صĴûκյķӦ
УЩˮֻͨʣҪ߼ġ
ˮӿ˵ԽָóһɫľУͷҶĻ

еɫľ⣬ΪԴҶĻڣոջ⣬о˲ԡ
ҶĻͷڶ
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㡭
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ҶĻǼʻ£߿ɫľԼٶȱС

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Сʱʱ䡣
Сʱڣһʮһǿ߾ҪӶڴȥڴͬ˻
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ôˡҶĻ˫ۣһļС
ˣе࣬ҪϴˡҶĻЦҡҡͷ
ߣȢ˵ɡͷβδߣȻ󵨵˵˳
Ŷо֣һ仰˲ҶĻ棬Ҳ˿˿ı䡣
룬ôȥɣܲﱻһӡֹҶĻĺ˼룬ָָԾɢΣϢĶڡ
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һ˵ţҶĻһָָ˷ֵĵһǱߡ
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ϾڿɲǰСʱ֮ǰ̶̰Сʱʱ䣬ɴкⲿѾۼһʮͷиǲ󽫼Ĵڣ˵ͨ󽫣ҶĻһսҲԳ岻ȥ
ҶĻĶ󽫣սԳǿ־ȴҲ̶ãɵһͷ󽫼ƾͻᱻڶͷɱ
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Ըҵܳһ꣬ȳΪ󽫣ǸǿĴںٳȥҲ١
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ȥ˵ô죬Ҳ֪طôǿЩòƻΪ˿Ƕֵܾܲɡ
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ѵЩΪʲôԣʮа˾ŴǾµĶҿֻҪܹҳǾµĶܹȥˡ
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û⣬
²˳٣Ͽж
۽ڶǿһһ߳ͷҷɴڿʼ
֣ͣ˵Ƿң˵ƻɴҪΪƽأֱӵķʽҳҪĶ
ôǲи߸ӶţֻҪǾˡ΢΢һЦҶĻҲ󲿶ӣʼƻҳ׵ľ޴ɴ

׵ĵ˿̣
һݣɫΪ԰׵ӣһͷɢձߡ
˵ߣһתСͺڶ
ϷΣ޷Щ֮УҲֻһ˴ﵽ˻ȥҪ󣬲ȥգϾ֮ͨͨǰִ򿪵С·;쳣գʵҲĿܡڵأ߻˵֮ûκ
ǰģ׼ãҪȥǰʼɡ˵ͷӱ˫ۣĲ֣漴ֻ澹Ȼûκ׵³˰ݡ
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ǽþһּµı֣ûӰ쵽ʵ壬ҲܹӰ쵽
šҪס¶Ӱ죬ȥȻգһǰȥھ츳߳һȻû⡣
ȥɡ
˵꣬ұһӣֻӵƮûСͺڶ֮С
ǻӰʵֶΣֻߵֶθ
ϣСһܹɹѾʱ䲻ˡ
ҵʱ䣬ӦҲˡ


421 
ףɳľ޴ɴҶĻʮ˵£̶СʱʹӲкĽƬ
֮ǰɴȻ𻵣ǼܺһЩԼٲִɴڣСʱ󣬷ɴѾȫ٣жڶѾƬ
ʱɴ٣һٶͷԾɲҽɴ֮ǰռݵķΧ
ٵûУȫһЩǲʶĹŹһŽһͷС飬һǿ߲Ĵ˵
ҿЩʮа˾žɴģЩ˹ЩŪĳֳ򣬲ǽһǿ˵ԼĲ²⡣
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˵һǿĺᣬܹããпԽ޾ǺƿԼƵĿڼǿʢ
֪Ȼ֮ѰȴɳһƼǿпһǧҲ޷ҵһ򣬶ľ붯Թƣܹſ򣬴ͨռԾڶɼʵΡ
Գ壬ŮӽķھŽӵһϲðգǰʱսڼ⵽죬Һƴ˵еϸ΢ռԾķһи߶װͨѶ˳żһŵԾ
֮󡭡ܲãոմӵرͱҶĻץˣžڵ龰
ȻҶĻŮӵĻ֮ȴһĳ˼
ôûʲôͷҡҡͷʵ
С֡ҶĻ˵ͷŮ˵漸ޱ޼ʣ˿δ֪Ҫ⣬ᷢսҲ˵伸ల£һֱչȥ
һȴֻǳǧǰǣʮҪôǳǧǰҪôǧǰֹϲ㣬ȻȻһеԴͷȴ
Щν˵еĺɫ򡭡ָŵ棬ҶĻһ˵
Ҳ֣ǰʵȺûбҪƭǣʮа˾űԴ֮أǸо˵˵ȻֹһԴô򵥣ȻܣһЩܹǿ岻һУõľܡ
УǵҲ֣ǾȻϵĻǿüͷֺС
ɵܶ࣬ϧֻһĸ߲㣬˵ĶԵ֪ǵһϢӦöѻĸ߲ˣֻһЩŶѡ
ܹץһ߲㣬һлܹȷĴ𰸡
Ů֪ĶʵޣǵóҲģֻ֪ܣһܹиƼܡϢûκô
Ҳûô
Ц֣ҶĻһ΢ЦĿķ
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һķ̱ҪܣҶĻЦһʮֲĸо
£ֻҪѡǰҶĻЦе˵ҴӸտʼͷ֣ܸͨȤܸܲǣⶫʲôõġ
֪һҡͷķһȥֻǰϼⶫĹ첢̫
ϷˣûĹ죬ֻ֪ô˵˵ɡһ˵ţҶĻһ߷ųԼǡ
ķʱоҶĻһħǡǡǰʱ
ŶüͷһҶĻ˲¶˸Ȥɫ
ķνǰǸ쳣ǿʢڴĹ
ϸҲֻ֪ڹϿЩߡһʮΪһ飬Ӧþšｨ⡣
⡭֪νȥ𣿡
ôܣЦˡҶĻһۣķЩģǰųǿϵͳʮΪһ飬ÿһһܹʱ޿պγѭݽߣʮѾ֪꣬жһ򿪣ô֪
ݽߣɻգգۣҶĻҲûʲôݽߵԴȪ
ҶĻǵãʮųֲãոյϵʱͲЩ
㣬ʮݽˣҿݽ˺ܾãڲŸոһʱ䣬ܷ򿪡
ݽˣ
תķһʮִ󵨵Ůӣ֮ǰҶĻܹ˵Сʱѻɼĵɫ˸˼
һԣұ֤˵ͷķ̫ȷ˵ʮǲʵֵģҲչϽйݣȴδʧܣֻݵеķһԣ᲻󡣡
û⡭˵ͷҶĻſķ
ֻķԿռ䴢豸óһҶĻʶĶ󣬱æ


426 ǿƼ
ҶĻ⡭ʹ˸ɫ
֪Ůһֱûͣղÿһδ𻰶ǱؾᣬҪӲŪǡҿԿ϶޷УЩ˽ҲҪԶǣԶǰ
ˣһˣŪʲô
վԭأҶĻؿķж˿ûиŵ˼ҶĻȴʱֵ׼
ķûעҶĻˣֻæԼ顣
ǫ́ͷСװְڷţóϰڲͣæ
һСʱҶĻ񲻽Щȡ
ʱܹԸоΧĻֳ˿˿ζȻķóá

ͻȻֻһͬĺɫĤ̨Χ˲佫ķ̨ΧС
޴ԭʼˣô˽ƼúǰΰᾧվڱĤУķһ֮ǰɫʮŵĴЦ
㡭˵ľ㡣һָҶĻķݺݵ˵㲻Ǻ㲻ֶκܶĥҰҰʹﲻȥˣб
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һߴţķһֱ߲ͣȻͨ룬ҶĻȫ˵Ļ
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׼Ůø֡
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ʱķ˿ûз֣ȨҶĻ˵С
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У˿˿ֵϢǻҶĻǣټҶĻ˵ı飬ķǷӦ˹
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⵽ô°ˣ˵ġһ߿ţķһߴк˿ûŮӡ
ҶĻ˴ǰ漴ҶĻһаĽķ˵һ˵㶼ЩʲôҪŶ
ңҡҲ֪δɣķĿҶĻˣֻǰʵҵеݣһֱҲ֪°
ͷʰ㡣۾ҶĻһץķɿ쳯Űɫȥ
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һɽһ㣬Բ֪һԲԲȴһ׵Ĵ󶴣ͨԴðġ
׵Ĵ󶴣ҶĻܹԸоһʮΣգϢ
ҪżȥпܳΪ˵·̽ӡҶĻ֣ҡҡͷ
֪ȵһȰɣʮԶĿѧᾧǸҲû֣пΣأĹ
ȫϣȲ
˵ͷҶĻһӣķ־Ŀʹλ棬ȫ
⡭⡭ķԼʧĲ̵֣ɴ˫ۡ
⵽ô£ԲǹѧΣôģҶĻķһɻ

˾վԭأһĵȴš
ȻͨƺƴϢǰ纣һʧ̱ǿߵע⡣
ӹ󣬱һӰһ㣬쳣Ź֣ȴٶȳ߷
һӡ
Ӹһʧɴ˫ۣ𾪣ڸо·ǼΣյϢȴ˺ҶĻһľٶһߵȴ
ǿ߽ϣۿüǿߣо˵һǰ纣ϢͻȻʧ߼ٸ
Сʱ󣬼ҶĻѾʮһ˶ҶĻһѡأû̳ȥ
һ˾û˻Ϊ˱ԼС
䡭
ͻȻһΪǿҵԶϮ
Уһ׳˶꣬һͷɫ鷢İ׳Ծǿ֮Ƴ߼ٷ
벽ǿߡ
׳ǰ벽ǿߡ
׳˺ͬһϸ۲һϲ𾪣ȴûǾƯϷ֮ɫ
죬׳ͻȻ˵ɡһִȥһ࣬ǰȫˣõܵĻҲҪһ룬ȥĻͳ
ܿ˹ڣȻû⡣λζһİСĻһԵʯɽ߳
󽫣Ƕǿߡ
ܿ˹ڳΣټΡ
Цһ׳֣ͬǶ󽫡
Ҳһ
᲻úײǣӽͺƴһѡ
ǿһһһ˳˿˹ǰ
ȫǶǿߡ
һ벽ڣ󽫣Ըһġ
ûг˲ΪΪҲûá
ŶӣʵͨĴ󽫴ҲӲȥҪ󽫲Уڰ˶Ƕ󽫣ǳҲ޼£ᱻų⡣
ϻ˵߰ɡ·к
ƶ˹ȶŴ֮к£ǿϢ
󽫽
ȥˣڰǿһۺ졣
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СֻǵһˣһᶨȻСӵʽȥʱҼڶӣ棬ұͨѶ˳㿴
Ƿͷж
˵ţҶĻóһɫ
Ǵķѹγģ÷Ѿķ֪ͨѶͨѶܱϺԶͨѶܡ


427 
ΪʲôȥҶĻΪǿ˵
Ըͺǿ仰ҲҶĻܵ˿˿ػ
һܹʺɣΪˡҶĻЦ˵ãˡ
šðɡüͷ壬죬εĵ˵ͷ
һԵķȻ˵ʲôܹΪȻĹ֮ͨ˵Ķȷķʮ׵رóԼĽۡ
ĿҶĻķӶܵɳǿҶĻдѹγٶȼӴ

ҶĻϲͨʧѾӰ쵽ϵǿߣЩǿһһĸ
ڵһȥ֮󣬲̶ʮӣٴξۼ˰˸ˣЩȫͣڴϷδΣǾĵȴš
ϾĵһǿߵϢδɢȥ׾ܹжϳѾȥˡ
ͻȻмһ󽫿ڣȥɣǰһСӣΣգҲڹҵ
ӲϢѾһ벽ǿߺȥˣٲȥ¾ֻкķݡһͨ󽫵ͷ˵
߰ɡ
һȥ²˳١
֮Ƕ󽫣Ϊͨ󽫣һΪн۷ǿߣһǼΪͨ󽫵н۷ǿߡ
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ǡһеĴҶĻüͷһһԴ˵
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н߲ʵҶĻϵһȷʵ𾪣ȥͣн߲ʵﻹǲ
ҶĻûʸΪǵĶѡ
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н߲ʵЩСмܹһ磬ϼҲʸ֣
˵ΪΧ˶ЩãȴδȻҲ˼
ߵȷʵŲϺţ㲻ϼ߻ûġ

䣬ҶĻһ㳯ŶԷֱ˹ȥͬʱ𺣽˲
ͼͬʱתͨڶȫʹټϰŬ˹ҩĹЧŭ֮ļޣʱҶĻϵƱ˿ѷɫͨǿߣܹǿһ˿
ʲô
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֮ǰǰ۷нǿ߸ǹ̥ȫܹնɱһЩʵͨ󽫣ҶĻǲͬ
ѳΪ۷нǿߣÿһ˶۷нοٰ꣬ҶĻȴŸոճΪнǿ߲á
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һıɫ潫ȫɫӲͣڻУ߿Ʊѵͬʱ򱬡
νӯɾãתɢǹȻǿ׷ʽǽսһһȴҪݵʱлָܹڶ

δܶŶԷָ֮ʣҶĻһԷǰеתǹֱָԷüġ
óˡ
ͻȻֻһӳҶĻǰһֺƵҶĻǹǰޱ飬Щʲô
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˵УһѩɫĶ̵С
˫ޡ
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˳Ŵһ·£տʼʱ˵ٶȻֻͨ壬ʮӹȴ𽥼ӿٶȡ
Ϊ󶴸ף˭Ҳ޷֪

󾢷ХʩչȫŴ·ǿн䡣
ǧ˾Ȼ½ǧԾûеִ󶴵ľͷ
ǺųǿԶĿƼǧ๫ͨȫصİɫڵϸ붼顣
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֪Ѿǧ๫ˣͨȴʯͷ򣬲һʯɽһȫΥ˿ѧټⲿһж˸оΪŹ֡
顣
ͻȻ˵ȫһ٣ٶ˲һ롣
ˡͣ˻֣һֹˡ
ʱܹʮĿһǧңһɫĤѾ˵·ȫĤУ쳣ǿӿʹ޷ǰ
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֮ǰõıĤֻͨĤ죬һͻȻ˵
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ˣǿĿۣ·ĺɫĤ
ͻȻֻ˫Ŀһ䣬оȻһƬ˿˿ⲻš
䡭
˫Ŀֱײ˺ɫĤϡ

һȻֻǶǿߵ̽һδʹȫɫĤȴûһ˿ζˡ
Ȼͨ㡣
üͷһ΢΢һЦ漴Ŀٶۣ֮ǰİɫ˫Ŀ䣬ֱײĤϡ
䡭
ͣڶǿߵȫ£ĤȻԾ˿
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ȫ֣Ҫĥˡ
û⡭
ӰѾȻȵȥõһ˺ȹˡ


428 ʬ
ȡ
ŵͬʱ𣬾ȫʹǿһ·Ĥȥ
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ಡ
˱壬һȫ˴󶴡
һ̣˴ĤǿʧͬʱɫĤϵĴҲ˲ָƴһ㡣

ݣ⵽ʲôط
Ҫôãӻʲôƨǡ
طҪʮ꣬Ҳܳɰ벽ǿߡ
һĤޱȴĤ棬Ȼȫһ磬Ҳǵɫģ

Ϊߣ滯Ͷڴ˴һ󺣵ĸоÿһϸƶ
ϻһȥѾһʱ䣬Ͽ·
·
Ӧһ½ٶȳ·ȥ
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ҲоһַǳֵĴų
ڸӦϣǸôߡ
Щ֪Ǻá
·ɡһǿָָͨ
һͨҸղϸ۲ͨûκκۼֻмͨһЩʵĺۼȻһмͨ
һӵʵҪԶǣҪõҪܿǣһ·
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ɫĤ谭ŵļӲ̶ȣӣԾ˵ʵҲķʮӣŽų״Ƭ
ѵ˲䣬ÿ˶һ˷ܡ
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̤ȿֺĽţǿĽȴ˴һ
źһ䣬һٶƽҵķ䡣
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󽫲δǰʼϸ۲죺òֲ֯һģһӦ࣬Ϊλᱻ˵ǿҲе⣬ǵǿֻоŽ׳ǿߵĳ̶ȣֲεǿӦ޷Ŷԡ
ʲôһǿʬ·ӣһӣһЩֵֹƷ
һŲ֪ΪƳɵľᣬһƤһĶһѾǹ֧Լö¡
ӦǰĶᣬһ󽫽仺չ
һ򿪣վҶĻȷŵĵ˵ͷΪھϲһЩ֣Щ֣Ҳ׹ģ֮ǰҶĻʮ˹ۿĶԶǿ֡
ȻӦԶǿ壬Ҳ
΢ҶĻչ˵ڻ̽ȥ
ͬһģһǹ⣬ϸ΢֯ûκβȻҶĻȴ˵ڷһȤĶ
ʲô
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м˵Ժ룬ҶĻһ鼸΢ɲ쾧塣
һɫʯһȴ쳣ϸСľ塣
ķ˵Զ岢Ƽоһֿ˸ĵزҲˣмЩǿܹ߱ݵأȴǿߵܡ
ʬֻǾŽ׳ǿ߲ΣѵԴȪ
ʬ塣
תƣҶĻͬʱʬɨȥ
ȻʬԺ룬ҶĻҲͬľ壬ʬԺеĽᾧȴûмʬɫΪ
ʬ嶼ǾŽ׳ǿߵʣԶƣֻͨԺֽᾧ
ѹҪ


429 ʬ
Ϊ󣬼Ȼ࣬ǰϢɡ
˵ĵҲǶ衣
һ󽫵˵ͷ漴ǰҪʬϵĶӰ
һԵͬʱ֣ʼʬϵĶӡ
ʬѱᣬƱһ㽩ӲȻסǵİɫȴĳ
Ϊɫֱǵ֫üģ⼸öȴشǧԴǿߵҲҪķܹγ
顣
Ӱγʬͬʱ棬ӲʬڵϷƵ
ԡüͷһҶĻ˲һɾ⣬Ҫ˺
ͨҶĻʮĿڰ°ɫӵ˲䣬ʬԺľԼٶڣȵʬ䵽ϣԺеľѾȫڣΪ˿˿ǵ塣
֣ôоʬϾȻŻӵеƣ
ɣҾȻҲָоѲҪʬˡ
˵Ҳһǧ꣬ôܻʬ䣬Ūɡ
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Ծ쳣䣬ӲǿҲûκθı䣬ʱȴķ֣ʬ쳣ǿϢɢ
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ͻȻ纣ϢԷлɢ
ɴɫؽƳɣڷǽڣһĤʬǹ˲䣬ԺɫĤϣһгС۴ֵĹֱֱĳʬȥ
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ǿҵľεۣһĻ˼ΪԾˡ
ʬǹ֧Ĺ£ĤȻ˲һȭͷСĶڡ
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ӲһɫĤĹһӭʬʮɫ
ֻԷǽϣʮɫһͬʬ幥ȥ
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䡣
һУ˻𣬵ȵ⳹ɢ󣬳ǰֻʣһ߸ɿݵʬ
Ȱ벽ǿߵǿϢʧ˫ǲʣԭ׳˶ӲɿޱȣʱʬѾʧȥκθĿܡ

صĺԷ
Ÿոʬ䵫ȴ̵زʬ壬˲
ȻһʮɫΧĺɫĤ䵭࣬ŵĹʵ̫ǿˣɱ벽ǿߣȹѾסˡ
վԭأһһºɫԼ

ͻȻһ󾢷ֻһӰɲǼʬǰֱʬһԵǹ֧Ǿеһͨǿߡ
ôĵӡ
ȱҲܹȾָģҹ
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֣һͬʬԵǹ֧ץȥҪռΪУмûб嶯ͷԣֻ˲ûʬԵǹֱ֧ӳӡ
Уǹ
ˡ
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ӣ¶
δܶ˾ֱǰ׷ȥͬʱ˶˲䣬׷˳ȥ
ǹֻѣȴоŸˣζҪһܹȷǹˡ

ʮӺһлָƽǹĵסѾȷûг˵Ԥϣǿߡ
ͬһʱ䣬޴½·֮һһͣ
˵ȻһëͷСӰѶȥˡ
ߡ벻Сӵ书Ȼ
һޱתȥҪٶȻϡ
˷վ֮һٶ׵ĵطȵʧֻǽ󲨶֣漴ҶĻԭس֡
ˣ󽫣ĴҳƴȻԵò
뿪˵
˵ͷҶĻηɴܣͨ۶ȥ
һ·ʮӣ˸·֮ҶĻͣʼϸеǹ֧
ǹе󣬴гС۴СͨΪɫȴմ⼣ǹϻżСѾϵǹһ㡣
ǹ֧ҶĻҲû̫⣬ʱҶĻɨŷ֣ǹܲ򵥡
ȣǹ֧ڲĹ죬ҶĻ㿴ڲĹ켫临ӣȻͬĲɣȻⲿ𣬵ȴ˿Ӱڲ죬Ҳ˵ǹģֻǿе⡣
ôأ˻еǹ֧ҶĻЩɻ
Ǿʬֻǿ°ǵôͲˣѵǹǰѲһ
Ӧð
ȥĹۿҶĻԽԽɻҶĻ޷߶ǹ


430 ʬɽ
Ӧķϸһ룬ղǾʬڿǹʱʲô
Ŀ˼ҶĻʼɨĻԺһһطš
гֺɫʬеǹǹƺɫĤϺһȭͷСĶ
ǹǹˣǹʱڳһָı䡣
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ˣѵҪܴ߶ǹһֻԶ˲ˣ
ڡ
ʱҶĻЩڣΪһԼõǹǿߣʵЩֵá
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һԡ
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ЩԶڵľȻ֪ʲôȴ̺źĴӦЩǹ֧ġ
ڵĽɫҲһȴǴԻΪԴͷϸһʵ棬ֻ˵һ֣㲻Ǵ
ȻڼӴȺҶĻܹʮԵĸоǹеĹջͬʱֽ֣ʹ
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ʵһ㱯ҶĻж󽫵ʵõǹҲȻܹҡڵĻȥ˼û˸˵ʲô

ʱҶĻѾ˾󶴼Զĵط˶ʮ·ڣǼ侪ˣҶĻ·ˡ
˳ͨһ·ֱУٴ߹·ںҶĻͣ
ˣüͷһҶĻ˿ǰϵĺۼ
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ŲƣҶĻƹһ˳·ϵĺۼ׷ȥ
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֣ôŨصѪζӦð
ŨصѪζֻڳֲɱʱŻУҲҪȥˣܹˣôܻôŨصѪζ
ܹİ˳ǿ߾ۼһ𣬲¾һա
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һΣҶĻǰģһȸߴʮ࣬ԵʮɵĺϽţѾ򿪣źľȴҶĻ㾪
ҵĹԹԣ⡭ɴ˫ۣҶĻֱԭء
ź棬һƬʮ־޴Ĺ㳡㳡ɲ֪ʯƣɫĤҶĻ𾪵ǹ㳡ϵĶ
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ڹ㳡һʬѻɵľ޴ʬɽȫʬ壬էһȥһˡ
Щ˵ʬ嶼Ǹʬһ㣬ʬɽ·صѪЩѪ֪Ϊκһֱһ㣬ԭͳֵɫĹ㳡ȾѪɫ֮ǰҶĻŵѪζɢġ
ԣЩ࣬ǰԶǿһҶĻڿЩʬϵ֮ǷӦ˹
һʬ壬ȫԶǿķΣڼʬڣҶĻܹ˿˿ֻԶǿŻӵеĴ
ԶǿòһȺɵİɣȻɱԼˣһɱһ࣬ҽѳʬɽ
ٵΪʲôе㷢ëأ
˺󼸲ҶĻԺвֳԶǿĸ߲㣬һŪ˴նɱĻ档
ϴźľҶĻоԼۿ˵Ļ档
Ѫأ޺죬Ҿ御

һҶĻе̤ҪС
顣
֣ҶĻոտżо쳣ǿǰһ޷޷֪֡
Ȼȥߡ
һҶĻͼͬʱת֮뱬ǿ̤ҽš
ûá
͸ûһ˿ζؽҶĻסҶĻʹȫҲ޷С
ţˡ
һݣҶĻջؽŲæ
Ų˳ҶĻǰ
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ӵʵ쳣ǿǿߣΪ۷нǿߣҶĻĿȴߡ
ϡ
ͷһͬݺҶĻҪн֮նɱҶĻĳߣѱҶĻ˱ɱС
ߡ
һߣҶĻһԵĶ󽫲δ֣תͨȥҪ뿪
šڣʱӽסҶĻ
ʢһ棬ҶĻ
ǡӣҶĻʮֽʵ


431 
뾡¶һ˿΢Цƽľ˵
á
аһҶĻ̸о˲
뾡ַʮǰĿֲ޳սϣǿߵȦӵл㲻ʲôָʮǰ
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ǰʲô𣿡ַոյõǹϣҶĻ˲ս׼
뾡Ѿʮδ֣ʵǺ̶ֳ˭Ҳ֪ʱû¶κһ˿ϢҶĻվǰоһͨһ㡣
ȵ֣ҶĻֻܶиոյõǹ
ҶĻӴǹʱ뾡üͷȴ΢ɲĶһ¡
ǺǣûʲôֻǺ浽ʲôˣܹһб֮Ϊ档
һȻ𾪣ʮӵʵֲ޳ĽٶȾԿƵһ
Цҡҡͷ뾡ԵüΪò
ǰûµĻҾˡ
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ʱ򡣡뾡ҡҡͷ֮أһ㶼˽⣬ֻʱȫʢ״̬ܹȷİȫ
˵С˵߾ֱɴ˫ۡ
ϸоһɼΣյϢϢԽˣҰֻѾ̤벽ĲҲһ
߰ɣڸоʱܹ̤벽ĲΣͻƣʲôʱҪɱ練ơ
δ˵뾡תʼ鿴ǰĴţԼڲ͸֡

գ뾡ϼһȻڿֲ޳սϲôʮǸʱǿߣ츳ôҲӦǶ󽫵еĶ
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ͨҶĻԿ뾡ȫԼǰ޷޷̽⵽λ֡
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ɴܣֻ뾡һȭӳʱһʧʱתΪΪɱ⡣
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ʱÿһҶĻԶһСʱһ㣬ޱҶĻʮֽ
ڣʮ뵽ˡ

λ棬ҶĻηɴܣһϮ˴ſڵĳߡ
ӿҶĻû˿ҪصĴ㣬һ˳ߵע⡣
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ΪͷѾȫʧ۲ɼĳ
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΢ĽŲҶĻִɫǹ֧˳ߵʬǰ
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ⶫÿһζشٽںӦÿǹ
һԡ
ƶҶĻһɫҺСķǹϡ
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䡭
۶Ȱ벽ǿ߹ǿɫֱײǰ͸ϡ
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һʱ䣬ͨͣҡΣǿϢԴ˵ɢ˷ɢ
ʱҶĻܹǰ͸ϳһֱԼΪ׵Ĵ󶴡

һҶĻ㲢Դ˽ȥһ̣Ѿʧ͸ȫָ

ݣζ
һźĹ㳡ҶĻüͷ㳡һʬɽصѪ鲼㳡ʬζŨѪζһͬҶĻıӡ
ЩԶ嵽˶ãʬ嵽ڻʬζ
ҡҡͷҶĻһ·ֱУʬɽˡ
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ѪĿʬ壬㳡Ͽνǿһ
֣ѵû
һҡ


432 ǿߵʬ
һһ磬һһ㣬ҶĻϸɨÿһذ壬ÿһʬ壬ÿһѪжûзŹ
ûУʲôûС
ڶɨӹҶĻûзκξ߱ʵüֵĶֻǽǴһЩ̻ĺۼ
ˣѵֻһʬĵط
ɻüͷҶĻǽǴ
ǽǴҲһ߸ʬ߸ʬڵϣָѾȫѣָȴǽϡ
ȻָΪǽϿ̻ʱԼӲ۶ϵġ
ǽϱ˿̻һЩ쳣ҵٸԶר֡
ٵֲǵϵ֣֪дЩʲôͷҶĻЩż
ϴ󹦷ҪǿյĻǿˡ
ԣЩҵôеϤأ
ԺתĻ濪ʼҶĻԺһһ֡
ǵͼЩǵͼҶĻгһ˿ϲ⣬ǰʮҹʱ߹·һģһһ׵ͼ
һвɺϣЩǵͼĻôͨĵͼ
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뵽ҶĻֱ뿪
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ҶĻ뿪ﲻӺ˴ǰ
ǰȥѰҰֵķ뾡ҵĶǿߡ
磬ô¡ָŵϳߵʬ壬һɻ
û뾡ΪĶʼ鿴˳ߵ˿ڡ
ͷȫʧһ˷棬ֵҲǺһεĴڣȻƲӵǿĹ
ϳµʵô˶ܹɱҪһ˲̶ֳȡ
ְɣ˵Ѿϯһա
û˿뾡ҶĻһһŽߵʬ߿ǰ͸ֿʼ
ͬʱһҲһ֡

㳡еĸʬǰµĵͼʮּ򵥣ֻʮҵȻȴޱȣӵ֮Ĳ·ڣһԹ
ҶĻҪһݼ򵥵ټ򵥵ĵͼھ޴ԹѰҶķѵʱȻܳÿһطҶĻҪһһ֤
СʱҶĻҵ˵ͼעĵڶط
֮ͬǰһģһһš
ųڴźһ޴Ĺ㳡㳡жʬ壬ѪأʬζŨޱȣԵüΪ˵
һΣҶĻûнȥֱʼ鿴
죬ҶĻ˫ҡҡͷʲôûУڷǸ㳡лҵһ׵ͼ㳡ʬѪ
Զǿ׸Щʲô㳡ʬ壬ȫǵˣԵΪʲôҪ
ЩȥǰΥǵɣҲȥʬ廹һ𡣡
ˣǸͼһע㣬ȫתһ飬ҾͲȫһģһ
ɫһҶĻٶתʼ񱼡
һСʱСʱСʱ
ҹʱ䣬ķҹʱ䣬ҶĻǽȫҵȻĶȴһģһ
ÿһ㶼һȴţźʬѻɽԵüΪѪȣϸϸԶǿȻﴦ˽ˡ
ĿɨӣһطҶĻͣɨŴ˵صÿһ磬Ҫҵ
һҪжһҪжȻҾͰˡ
ǡţҶĻɫͻȻһ١
ڵʬɽһԣҶĻµķ֡
㳡էһȥĸһģһȻڵ㳡ȴһͬ
󶴡
㳡ʬɽһԾȻǿдһ󶴡
Ҿ֪ô򵥣ж档˷һЦҶĻóɫǹ֧׼͸֡
䡭
𣬺ķɫҺǹҶĻ͸ϴһһԾ˽ȥ

δܶҶĻû㳡ϱصʬ壬ֱǸĴȥ
ҹѰңҶĻΨһջ
򲻸ˣҵˣҵˡŵϿһĴ󶴣ҶĻ˷ܵЦ
ûκԥҶĻһԾȥ
֮вͬططǽڣǵ涼ĤȻȴֻͨĺɫʯ顣
顣
ٶ׺ҶĻ˫ǽӴ˵档
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ƼΪӣս⣬֮İϢ߽һγɰ纣ơ
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üͷһҶĻͼȫתǿסΡ
ʱҶĻʱ䳯ܿȥ
ҶĻվĵطһʯңһ쳣㣬ƽ׵ľ޴ʯңʯûκĤػȴ鲼纣ǿơ
ʯҵһ߸ʬվ
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ʬȥ꣬ڸʬȴһֱɢ޾ĴϢʯаϢеĴϢԸʬϡ
ڸʬٶ״һɫʽۣͷɢݵ˵ϣǿ֮ɢţ˵һԣһ͹ӵĳ
⡭ԭأҶĻһ𾪵Ĵǰӳ۵ˡ
ڣȻڡ
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ȻǿȴԱ֮Ϊ飬ǽһֲɴزĴڣ֮֮ͬ𣬵ȴȴ
λǿߵ˭
б֮ȫռݣҶĻһǿߵʬǰҪĿ
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һӽһ쳣ǿ赲ҶĻĽŲ
ǿߣǳ棬ǿһֱػڵֹһ鿿
ߡǿȻһĴڣƾǻ޷赲ҡ
һҶĻͼͬʱתӲǿǿߵǰ
֣ҶĻΪĽλڵͷ
ӳҶĻģһżΪӢ䣬Ƹսһӣȴ˲֮ɫ
׷ʲô顣תҶĻ˿Զĸʬ
ȻЩԸڿʬʱҶĻȴòϣǿʮа˾ڸʬеġ
߸ʬǿһԾɢе޾Ϣ
һԵ֪ʬǰǺǿһȼĴڡ


433 һʵ
λں͸ʬǰȻһս
ȻҲӵ˰ƣս⡣
治λսǺεΡ
ȥҶĻȷʯûôʱ֮һǿҴΧĻԵ֪ԭʯӦҲĤλǿڵĴս£ĤѾȫ٣ʯұҡ
ʯͷͨʯͷͨҶĻʮĸоʯҵÿһʯͷж̺źӲ̶ȱĤҪǿϲ٣ҶĻʾʯƻ
ΣӦһĹŴڣֻǲ֪һʱڵǿߡ
һԵĹӳϸλڵķΣҶĻԾɵòκ
ǿߣǿԱ֮ΪĴڣ֮һԸıƷЩʣҶĻ޷λǿߵƷϷ
ǡ
ĿתҶĻλǿߵǰ
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дЩʲô
óҶĻʼɨλǿǰ̻֡
ɱ֮̾Դ˿Ц˳ԶŵۼãѰ꣬ȴΣԴȻЩһĴһǱ鴴ģһ𣿻ɡ֮겻Ըȥš
֪ûкܹܹǰĽ㵱ɡ
һλ󣬽ļ׹ȫǶԶǿֵķ롣
λǿǰԶǿַһ֣һٶ֡
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κоĳɹǽʧϵģЩЩʧܵƷǰ
Զǿǽĵطȴֻʵʬ壬
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ʱҶĻǳɻԭҶĻ֪ϾԻܣʱҶĻȴܹԵĸоϵԼûнӴ
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䡭
һ쳣ǿϢ˹㳡У֮ͬҶĻһ˹㳡ʮԵĴ󶴣ֱ˴

ӰʯУǷ뾡һ󽫡
ҶĻܹڵһ㳡зֵͼʯ̣뾡ֻҪϸѲȻҲܹ֡
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ɴܣ˵ıҶĻ֮յıܿնڴ󶴱Ե
׷лڣӲǿߵ֮ﶨȻϡ
ûκԥٶ׷ȥ


434 㳡
䡭
ʯɽҶĻ˼ͬһʱԴгһ鲼㳡
һ̣˾վԭأһĽŶԷ
ҶĻվʬɽһԣеɫǹֱָ֧ˣ뾡һĶҶĻ
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ʱܹоҶĻֻн߲ǿߣҶĻɢϢȴһЩͨ󽫻ҪǿҶĻǹϣǻо쳣ΣյϢ
λûʲôĻҾˡɫҶĻһ˵һŴȥ
š
һ뾡ֱӵҶĻıؾ֮·ϡ
ʲô˼ѵλɱɣüͷһҶĻ˲¶һ˿ɫȻûаջƴɱһ˵汳ûġ
һ˵ţҶĻһɢžɱ⣬еǹֱָ뾡üġ
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ЩĤΪҶĻṩ˱ʹ÷뾡ֻɵۡ
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435 ɫ
ǽڻ½¶һĶ
˲䣬ҶĻͷ뾡ֱԭء

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˶㲻ҪɱһЦҶĻվָָŶԷ츳ңʱңһνǲҰܣҰ֮ʹһЩСҲƽ⣬ԼѣֱǴڰŬ˹¹ڣ棬ԼıҶȥ
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˶ոս״̬㾪ҶĻһԵķ뾡

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Ρ


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ͬں˶ļʺͳޣ뾡𾪣ҶĻ𾪡

һҶĻ˫ۣһ΢ЦĿź˶ͷ뾡ˣ֮¶ɡ
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죬˶ͷ뾡ҶĻϱǿҶĻתǹҶĻѹ춨ǽΪãӶܵɳ
ͬʱҶĻʱѾʹɫͬˣֻҪЩĤһʧǱֺɱҶĻ

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վǱˡǰĺɫڶεҡҡͷ
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վڴӱԵҶĻһãȻĿԶɽˣһ߰ɣĻ͵ûĻӦ塣
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440 Źֵһʵ

ХλɢŴϢһʵԼٶҶĻǰ
ʽɫۣݽΪӢƿٽǿߣһ˧С
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ȻҶĻʱϢ˿ҶĻʵҶĻǰȴԾӸ̬û˵ҲԿóΪʮ԰
ˡҶĻкֱʵȻĻȴҶĻʯ
ԣɴ˫ۣҶĻƿһ˳
ߡҲɣұˣһ˵һӣŭ֡

ҶĻʱǲ֪ôˣҶĻĹУһֱΪһʵǲͬһǻ壬ȻǳԶǿ֣֮ȴ࣬һֺһǻ塣
һ죬һŴۣ˵Գ֣һԳˣκ˶Խܡ
ߡٶߣҶĻ첻˵ϵŭѾʮԣ㲻˵ҲգϿ뿪˵ռˡ
ŸһǲߣҲߣʱҪӣʶĻھ뿪
ݣһǱĸϴˣţզ䵱أ˫ۣҶĻʮҪѶԷӲˣ㲻ǡ
㵽ߣǲߡ
һָҶĻϵŭԽԽء
áüͷһҶĻ׼ӦԷ㿴һɫӰֱִԼ

תֻҶĻһһ㣬ʮıܿһ˵һһĽ
ҶĻȻܿվҶĻǰȴ޷ܿ
͵Ϯߵʵǿͨǿ鼱֮ҲΪ˵һٽĴڡ

𾪣һ㵵ĿԼǰĳΪһжǻþ
㡭㾹Ȼɱҡ
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վҲֻǲʣı䲻ʵһ̳˲ӵࡣ
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СӣϷ㲻ɡ
ŭһ뾡ת˿˿͸Խ֣ȻҶĻʮƱѵȫס
ҶĻ뾡ʹһʱµȴȫʧԵҶĻӵû
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Ĵźô£ֲ߱κʵսԵĹʽۺһĹŴĳֲۣͬκһųķΣԡ
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ô鷳ȥתһתҵȥ·˵
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һˣһһһӣȫһʵ塣
ߺ궼ͨǿߣΪǿߡ
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ϣȻ˸ɱŵˣȻǷʧϢŹֵˡͬһŭ⡣
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˵ؽϱ˴һɽƾʧʱǳǲɶõıأһҪ֮ǰﳹռݡ


441 һʵ
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˸һǹҶĻʮ׵رˡ
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ҿ»еӣЩһʵòƻȱݡ

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ŸͷһĶڣѪһأѾҶĻһǹҶĻУǰԶǿɫǹ֧
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СѣֶҲδ̫ˣΪŸ˵ɱɱʵǡһεĿҶĻ
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ЩѰˡ˿ɽϣٿ˿ЩˣҶĻһʱ֮ЩԥЩ˲⣬һʩչλ棬ƾǵʵ޷ҡ
ѰɽϡҾˣһʵȻڻԶ࣬òҲԼֵ֮ЧʾͱҪĶࡣ
Ҳã벽ڣһɽϾȻ


443 Ԭټ
ʱԶɽϣҶĻܹʮĸоɢŰ벽Ϣǿߣɽͷţһ
νǹƽġ
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ӵȸ磬ҶĻʹÿػ𹹼ʱܹݱս
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ٶദըѣҶĻǿʹ֧͸ʽĴۡ
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άǰѾ޴תǹԼڲ죬кɫȻҶĻĹѾκһսȴ쳣ֲ
ʱҶĻֻʣ˰ٷ֮һҡ
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һڻ˵ʬͺɫϵһʵʬһʬ䣬ٶȸҶĻս
ʬ壬ҶĻСĲ鿴š


448 ľ̹
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쳣΢԰˵ϴǾ𶯵
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ʮԭˮһľ壬Ѿ˻ҰɫĴͨʯͷҲʧȥʬĿܡ
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ҶĻڵ»صмһʵʬ壬Ǽʬͬʱʬ䣬Щûжĸʬȫʬӡ
߸ʬڣȫ˿˿ĲϢԺеľҲѾʧҲ˵»еһʵʬ壬ȫʬ䡣
ӦԶǿĽ鿴Ƭ̣ҶĻҡҡͷʬҲһʵȱ֮һԶǿпܽһʵи죬ȡʬĿܣȻ
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ûκԥ˷ɢŲͬķʼ̽顣

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ʱҶĻھսʮ״һţлһɫľǿḷ̌һµϢȫͬһͨˡ
ö벻ϻֺö
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ʮǰҶĻѾõĲˣʮӵоҶĻľ̵ĹЧҲ˼˽⡣
ľڲɫǹ֧ڲһ򲿼ɣ临ӣľ̵ĹЧһ֡
һһ¿Ա仯Ϊһǹ
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ľ̵ķЧҲҶĻΪصĹЧ
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˱ûܹЧŵסҶĻǰǹȻһ޵׶ĵĴʵ̫࣬԰˵ʵҲ޷ά̫ãȻҶĻҲ޷ɱˡ
ö⣬ҵսͱһءȭͷ˷֮ҶĻһֱľа档
ӵдɫҺҶĻͲ޷ʹḷ̌ľ̷ҶĻеҪԶԶǿڰе
ֱȥǡȴ֮غʮʵҵϢ
еĹľҶĻȫУһ·žǸȥ

ͻȻҶĻոʱһǵأܹѹԿмϮ
ǿƣİ벽ڡ
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ǿޱȵƺɨƵһۣüĿͬһӣԿзɹûվҶĻֻԼٶȳžǸȥ
еİ벽Ͷ󽫣εĴڣ벽Ѿղܣʵ죬ȴļޣ߲
ҶĻʵǳΪ󽫣ʹѪͶͼҲһܵеùһͨ벽ǿߡ
벽ӵеĿɲֻǳǿĹô򵥣ܣ޷Խ
ӣҶĻĵһӵ벽Ƶǿߡ
ǿɴ˫ۣҶĻŶԷһŵıӰ˿ڿˮ
򵥣˷ǳ򵥣ƾȻİ벽ǿߡ
ϣĸҲ١
ҶĻסͷ𾪼žǳ

ǲԶһƽԭϣһ䵽ʹƽԭأҲҺһʵԣʥء
ҶĻδֱȥǣȥѾصƽԭ
ƽԭҶĻȴüͷվ档
ƽԭеѾʧΪʯأ˿˿ۿɼдܶЩЩɫⲻ˸Щ赲ҶĻĽŲ
Щ⣬ޱΣյĸоҶĻͷ
ӦðҶĻɻĿǰʵʻĴɣ䵽ӦñشŶԣô
Žȥ
ҶĻȡḷ̌仯ܣ漴СĿŲҪƽԭ

ҶĻҽŸոһ˿ֻɫ֣һɾǿֱӽҶĻ
ݣ⡭
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еҶĻԿ϶ǰ벽
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ҡҡͷҶĻ𻤶ܣ˺˼
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Ǿƽԭ̫Զֻʮľ룬ҶĻĽһϵ˾⡣
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ҶĻԳڣ̶̼·ȴѾɨϰٴΡ
ںͳһͬԵ÷ǳ࣬·ϵͨѾʧֻмԺдھǿڽߣԵĵҲԺдھǿߡ
ͨȫԼԺӣûκ˳ߣڵľѾǿߵĵ̡
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ĳƺӦǵеĴŶԡ
лǧɻҶĻɫƽһ·ǿĿջ
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ʱЩǿƽľһԵϣ죬Ҳ˾ȴ
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չֻһֻɺУ̬ƻɺ׵һԣ֡
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д֮ȴǼΪĴڣ򵥵裬ܹ˸о⾳һ̵ֽζУд֮Ϊ֣ķ˲پ
ϣҶĻջĿ⡣
죬ҲһһջĿ⣬һļֵ


450 Һ
ʥȷʵͬ죬ҿֻһλʥķѴдµģӵн̵Ч
ʵֵزҪһҪ˵еȷʵЩЧ
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һҡͷ̾ϢһһóһСƿӡ
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ʤǿߴҲҡͷȻ߲ȼۡ
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֮سǧľҺΡ

ʥֻһڸԵúģ˶óԼıҪ任ͨ˶аʥֵҶĻҲóһۡ
ԭˣ벻һʵʽȻء΢΢ͷҶĻȻ֮ɫ
ͬ࣬һʵҪӵԼǣҪǵİ벽Уȥǣӵ֮һʵܹİ벽ǿߣһﱻǳ֮ΪʥĴڣֻǲ֪еʥǷڡ
УӦϷǳأܹڰʥ֮ǰˣӦöϵ⣬ʮųһҲΪˣЩڿʩչ֮Ż˳Ծ
ʥķѴֵֻֻҪ֪ôȻʤȥĳɽ۸
Ϊһ־ᣬλ벽ǿһȫóҵҫҪʤӦ
죬Ҫʥʤ˵ͷλıܲо󲿷ֶǶ԰벽ǿдôĺö
ϧֻѡһɽɣѡһ˵ţʤһǰ˹ȥ
лⶫҪġ˹֣ӽӹᣬеСƿӽʤ

ˣλóǿһҡͷ̾Ϣһʥֻ
˽Լıһһ̾Ϣǿ̱µĿꡣ
һʱ䣬ʮλǿȫһʼּۻۡ
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Уȥ
һ˼ҶĻ˵ͷ漴Ŀڽλǿϡ
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ǿڶ࣬ڶ࣬ҶĻҲǱһԵ̬Ѱҡ
һɨʮλǿеıﾡ۵ףЩＸɢŰ紿ϢĶһʵ޼֮ҶĻȴûʲôô
һʵϾͬ࣬ûɶλԾǨ֮ǰܹǣȴҪ벽ʱܹԡ
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ҡҡͷҶĻεջĿ⡣
ʱҶĻɨӵ˲Զһ䡣
УһɢŶ۷ϢñɫСƿӵӣӿ˵ĿȴЩĽ
ȻбƿеĶûʲôġ
˻е˼΢΢ͷҶĻȤĿеСƿӣ̽顣
СƿӴڷ״̬ҶĻܹоһ˿ΪϢһӴϢҶĻͷѣԼ˾侲״̬һ㣬һжޱȣΪոճΪǿ߶ϲǣҲ侲
Ȼֻǲһӵʱ䡣
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ҶĻȻ¶˿˿ϲ⡣
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ܿ𣿡
Ȼԡ
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ţЧȷʵǿ󣬲ǱȲϵǱȶǵıüͷһҶĻ˲жϡ
ϵļֱû侲ЧֻƽһȥոճΪ󽫵ĴھܹóҵĲ̵죬⺮ҺĹЧһӵж෽ĶṦЧñȽ϶࣬ҲȽϷɢ
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֪ÿһɫҺ嶼شٽȫɴѹɣһʵԣֱ
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λ̨леԼ֮صĺҺһ̨֪Ը
дӹ֮żڳ飬еɫҺ塣
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һʱ䣬ڶǿȫΧҶĻܣԼıһĽҶĻ

ǸҵĶͲ࣬ʣµĻҪԼãύ
ҶĻҡͷ֣Ͻܾڶǿߡ
СӣŸոյＫ޾磬еĶдôúÿǿǡҶĻһ߲ĵ˵
ÿˣҵõĶĲ࣬ŻȥЩʣµԼáҶĻԾҡͷûɢŨҴϢʯͷ
ҶĻ˾٣ڶ໹ҪټȰ˵ǿǣһȫҡͷȥм˵УҶĻȴ˿˿ص̰


451 һִʹ
벻ЩɫҺ徹Ȼһʵ˱󡣡üͷ΢壬ҶĻЩ졣
ɫҺҶĻԣֻǳŨȵѹֻڻָ֮ãȻҲǱȴ㲻ʲôⱦ
ҶĻһʵĴڣ˴󽫼벽ЩɫҺҲӦˣ㲻ʲôⱦŶԣʱȴ󳬳ҶĻԤϡ
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Ҳ⣬ֻ˰֣漴һִʹֱҶĻ
Сֵܣǵһִʹ֪࣬ϵɫҺܷҡͷ˵
ЩɫҺȻãҵһλȴǳҪЩ
۸СֵԷģ⡣
˵ţԻһóһɫʯͷҶĻǰ
ǡ
ɫʯͷҶĻһɻ漴չҪ̽顣
һӴʯͷҶĻоһɼΪӿԺĴȱȹľ֮еҪ
ǱʯͷеֱıԴսֻҪһûܹ˲临ԭо֣ҶĻ΢΢˵ͷ
ʯͷҴӹ֮żҵģһҵſ飬ÿһ鶼ֻһΣֻҪǰʥ֮µʯͷڣܵôصƣܹ˲ָҲ൱ڶһ
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ҶĻһõ˰ɫҺ壬˵ҲмΣʮζԣûʲôо
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˰֮ģϣҶĻǰȥԺޣҪҶĻһѡ
νԺҶĻԿĻҲƶϣӦǵеʥأϾԼҲ˵ˣϰ˶־ѧ


452 ʧ
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ľƣҶĻ˵лһִʹȸˡ
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һлҶĻ˳䣬˿ջ

ԾǾǣûκθı䣬ϵǳϡ٣ԵЩ塣
˳ŴҶĻһ·ֱУӺҶĻȴͣ˽Ų
֣ôое㲻أüͷһչҶĻͣԭؿʼܡ
ҶĻԺǹԺĲ룬ټǿ߱صľУҶĻľԳ˿˿и
ʱҶĻһعо˲ԡ
·е֡
ҵĽǲߣҲӦõջ˲Ŷԡ
Դɻ󣬴ʱҶĻ˫г˾衣
Ȼ·ϵˣԵĽûκθı䣬ҶĻȷԼѾĳֻþС
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ʲôþ
üͷҶĻ˫˿˿֣ٶȳܿȥ

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ھӵ״һ˫Ŀãĳ߻
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촽Իóһѷźڹذףȴûκһ˿ɱϢ֡
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һһһһ㣬ҶĻûκ֪˫Ŀ֮һƬã
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˭ŶԷҶĻδֱʵ
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һ̣ѾҶĻǰذͬʱҶĻüĺĿڡ
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Ҷ֣ٶͦ죬λһִʹûΪ㡣ݹһƣʤһЦ˵
аɣһԺӣȥޡҶĻӹƵ˵ͷ
Ժ²֪жǿ߶Ҫ꣬ǲȻõһԺʸ񡣡

ҶĻڿջ̸ȴ޲ðǵƤ
磬ǡǰϵΣոҶĻӳһ𾪡
ľϣ棬ɫֽͬǱѪұ۵ţڲĹͷѾ׶ѣȻˡ
ɶ벻һӢȻһëͷСӵСҧڴϵӺʮ㡣
İɣһˣǱΣûС
⡭˵䲻üͷУǸҶĻСϾȻ֮żеľһһأҸ˲


453 
µһʱ䣬ҶĻʤڿջţͬʱſջ˵
һʱ䣬ҶĻνջ˲õϢһʵҲ˼˽⡣
ҹҶĻڿջľϣʼ˼
е鷳üͷҶĻԾɺɻ
ӸּҸоԶǿ˹ȻЩű߼ʣϵ̫ȴü١
˶Ҳûʲô֪ڵĶԣܱȫ̫գ˱ΪΨһ磬ǻγԼе
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ҶĻȫ֮סſ죬Һһһе
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֮ҶĻͣ
ոպãǼȥ¾ͻ˵ҵ
һҶĻȫڣʼоԼǡ
ҺĹЧͬСɣʱҶĻĵǹž޲ûκβһˣϲҲһһ̶ˮ
һӣӣӡ
СʱҶĻ˫ۡ
ЧǲԺҺֱܹ뾫ĺǿѹǣʹȶȻЧ㲻ѣҲǳˡ
Сʱҵǲ˶ʮ֮һңٶȥ죬ұܹ󽫣ʱʵҲ˱ıǮ
ҶĻи־ԼƴĽɾѧȻǳΪ˶󽫣Ҳһܹƴ൱еİ벽ǿߣսһʵеİ벽ȴûκ⡣

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һΣҶĻѾȫȶļ޳̶ȣûгϴεǱֻںǵ̽ҶĻÿһ缡⣬ÿһ磬ÿһѨ
ͬ򽣴̹ǣҶĻļʼ˳鴤
һ˿һ˿һһ㣬ҶĻڵľʹӣžʹӣҶĻȴܹʮĸоԼھһѱ䡣
һִоʱÿѧ̽⣬ԷҶĻ˳鴤⣬ûκθı䣬ҶĻȴ֪ѱʵʵڴڵġ

źѺеҶĻһľͷˣš
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һӣһµʱ䣬ȥҲһܹõöҶĻǼʧıӰʤҡҡͷ

ͬʤ˵һ㣬еĸȫۼܡ
һ·ϣҶĻھûмκһˣҶĻԶغҲͬΧΧǿߡ
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Щɫ磬ÿһһλ벽ǿߵĹһƬ׺֪һǿȥܷų
˵ţҶĻԺвһ棬һλӵ֮ǿߣԾǿ֮ƴ׺׺ģײ֡
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ӶһʵеͨǿߣʱָŲԶѾΪ׺۷׷ס
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Сֻһոմ֮޵ǿߣӵʥ֮µƼǿҲԶȴִŴӲĽһƼǿ߻ˡ
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ȻҪãһȥݾصĻҲֻܹүˡ

ھʯҶĻžʯһ漸˵̸ռõϢ
֮żüͷҶĻѸ˼νĹ֮żڣӦһСͺڶĴڣԽȥ͵֮żУȥȴ䣬˭Ҳ֪Լ䵽һΣԡ
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СʱУɭǰѰԲǿҲԽԽ࣬ǱҶĻıʮˣȻܹԲ飬ѱϵڶǿ֪ÿһι֮żдǿ
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457 ɱ
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ܣô໰ʲôֱСӣϵĶȫǵġ
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ͬʱ˶ֵ˲䣬ҶĻԶ׹֣ͬҶĻڰеļҲѾ֡
ߡԼֲˡ
վԭأҶĻɫΪƽϲŭƽȴɱ⡣

һ̣ʮɫҶĻ֣Щ쳣ĽǶϮţˣŽɫֵģҶĻǹзɳһһ⡣
һ׹֮ǰһλһʵеİ벽ǿ߽޲ߣţ˵УȴЩ
ҶֵܣİɣţΪʬġ
Цţţͷذ붯ڰС֮ǰ˵ҶĻǰ
һ˲䣬ֻţͬţһ㣬еţͷذ׾ȻҶĻųʮɫȫնϣֱϮҶĻĿڡ
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죬ɢȥӿݵͨм˵֡
СӺţ˺˵ԭس֣˵ɫȴԵ쳣
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ʱҶĻʮͬʱըѣǿתʮͼҶĻУǰɫǹ֧Ҳʧȡ֮Ѳһתǹתǹǰһѳףȫɽɫ۳ɵľ޴תǹ
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ҶĻ˳һʮͼͬʱתǿԼķı̬һȻȲϰʥǿߵȫһҲԲ˶٣ټ˴ʱλͨУ޿ɱܣ˵пν
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һӺҶĻԾ㣬ڳʹͼƣɫҺİҲǶôأ״̬ûһ˿»
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ҶĻţ˵ȥͨٶȻָ֮ǰֻӿݵĻԱעֹһս

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Ҳԣ˵ı֮һÿһοޱȿֲ󣬼˶֪Ҳϡ档
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ֻϧûзϹĸţҲܹնɱţ˵еһˣֻԺһˡ
һҪȥ˶Ǿͨɱĸ֣һóԶϢɱһóɱţóƭԹɱ˾á
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֮̽ѰֶΣֵܺҶĻ䣬ž޴Ĳֲ࣬ڹ֮żͬԹһĺϽͨУǱ޷ŴֵѾȫ˱档
׷٣ϸ̽飬ǶҶĻˣҶĻȴܹʱ޿̼ǵһһ
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460 ߾
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ӵеĻٶһ˿ӵԭرը
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΢΢һЦҶĻֵ־ֵĿ£۶˰

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֮ǰڵ߾ǰкԼӵе߾صеľܵͼѾλʥǿߣʮλƼǿߣ׼ǿ߾أոմȥ˴ǿߡ
ʱ߾ǱҲλʥںһڸ֣ôǿһͬ߾أȻܹɹǸϹȥ˵ܹڵ߾صзָһʡ
߾Ǳ߲ıأֻͽǷǡ

߾أôе߾صĵͼüͷ΢壬ҶĻﲻЩɻ
ڵ߾ҶĻż˽ģ֮ǰڿջҶĻپصϢ
֮żԶǿ֮أȻ쳣ΣյĵطЩΣ֮ر㱻Ϊأ֮żеľһʮܹԵֵͷϺŵľȴֻа˸
˴ȫǧ֮ǰ㱻˷֣ȴһֱ޷Ƶĵط߾ر֮һ
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ȻҶĻ£Ȼһ䱸ȴѾ˲١
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˵ͷһۺ˻˱ҶĻĽ䱸֮ļûȫ£ҲѾ˴롣
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뿪ﲻú󣬷ҶĻս֮ǰ̽顣

֮żޱȣҶĻǷԲף֮żԼԺԲƣҶĻѰ·żеĴǿ߽߾ʱҶĻҲҲصλá
λ֪ʿĴ£һ·ֱУķʽʼ֮ż
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Ҽǵһι֮żʱʥǿҪֽѰʮȴֻ˳ˣһλʥǿֱ棬ҳҲܵ˲̶ͬȵƣΣճ̶ȿ֪Σճ̶ȼеͼڣҲԾɿΣޱȡ
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ں͵ͼһ״ƷûĻӦҲڵ߾صõı
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⣬ҶĻ׼Ҷݲ˴ε߾ص̽

߾ؾҶĻ֮ԶҶĻ˵ʵҲһ·񱼽Сʱ£Ÿϵ߾ظ;иǾʯ֣Сͺ򣬸ɽȲͬΡ
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ҶĻо˫ۣҶĻԶһż޷ֱӵĽɫţɹ̺ѾԶԶҶĻԤϡ
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ʥǿߡʱаʥǿ߸ϵ˴ǿ߾ص¼ԶҪصöࡣüͷ΢壬·겻ЩΡ
԰ʥǿߵͣӦ͸ϵˣʱϵģǾ뼫Զİʥǿߣ˴ͷİʥԲֹô򵥡
˵ϻˣȸϹȥǱߵ
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ԽǽӽԽǿһ·ǰʮӺҶĻ˵ٶѾ½ƽʱҡ
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Զɳ룬һƬֱԼʮ׵ɫĻڵϣǿޱȵĻϳֵġ
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λѻ¡ң֪ڰλʥǿߵУЩֻαɢһ߾ضԣЩ˵ĵʵҲȷʵֵһᣬǴ

Ǹĵ˵ͷָԼԣҶĻ
С嵱һʮˣȫɴ֮ϵǿɣҶĻҲûн飬ֱ
³·ꡣ
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˹֣ڵر㲻ٶ˵ʼصȴ
ڶǿ߶ףֻΪƣʱְˣһ߾أ˭Ҳ˵һ֣ᱳͱӣ飬ʱѱǣĬγһ˶Ǳ򣬱Ͼλǿ߶ˡ


462 
Ǻǣұһ뷨Ҫϻ˲ٰ
ڵأҶĻ۽ǵⲻɨԼܵˡ
֪һһҶĻĿһƳÿ϶ɢŲ̶ͬȵ⣬Ȼʮ˵УҶĻȴҪϻǿߡ
˶һʵеƼǿߣȴαװ˶󽫼ǿߣȺС
һ˶࣬һʮһԼǿߡȥ֮кϷˡ
ף
üͷһڰЦҶĻתڱ߽ǵһϡ
ͳԵʮ˧ʮһλԼƼǿ֮һڹ۲ʱҶĻȴ֣ڰй۲Լ
֡ѵ˿ҵαװһݣҶĻչϸ۲˵һ沿
ӵϣҶĻֻǷ˿˿ɻ֮ɫ
ӦûпңֻǴϿ˲ԾĵطʱҶĻһһٶ˵вԾһʮڣҲûʲô
ȥ֮Ҫעһ⡣
˶ҶĻ˫ۣʼĵȴ

ʱһһĿʼʧλǸ֣ܳСʱһζ˾޸о
СʱУµǿߵ뵽С嵱УȻЩ˶ǰʥǿߡ
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ͻȻȫĵȴʱһǿϢԶϮ
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ߴһλۣһѺɫ߼ٷУλʥǿߵĳ֣˵Ĺע
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˭λʥǿߵϢЩʥҪǿһأλһİʥǿߡ
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־ɺһλʥǿ߻ų󣬱㲻Ըἰ߾صе飬ԸٴνУ벻˴ȻѶ˴ǿ߾ضȻޱȡ
˵ۣһѺ־δ̶ܶʮ룬ѾĻϷ䵽ڶʥԡ
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־ɣ㲻˵ⱲӶ̤߾ô쾹ȻһλʥǿͬԴ˵
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ǰģûжҲҺ͸λǰһΪһеˡ˹֣վʮֹ˵
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𣬰ٶλǿߵĹȫٵ˹Ļϡ
һ˲䣬Ļٶȴ򿪣ڶǿߺƲҪһ㣬ȿֺĽȥеҶĻװģһѳڹ˽ȥ
ֱͨԼΪʮңٶһͬȥҲֻһ顣
һ󣬻Į봦Ѿһˣֻ˿˿ǿޱȵһѾԶ޸ĹĻǿٶɢ

ͻȻһХԶԶһӰŹĻ߼ٱɳϱ˴γһɳꡣ
Ӱת˲һ·ܵ˹Ļǰ
˧ӣ˿˿䵫ȴѪζǣһ̣ͬҶĻͷ뾡һ·ȴʧˣ˶
ʱĺ˶Ե÷졣
˶˫ԭֻǷ˿˿⣬ԵЩ죬Ȼ˶˫ȴǳױѪɫеĺɫͫҲѪɫ
֮ǰ˶ǻһѪȣһ뺮䣬ʱ˶ȴǰ˳Ѫȣɺ䣬忴ȥǲϸĻȻΪһɱǡ
ʱ˶ȻҶĻһ󽫵ʵϻһɷǳϢ
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ҽ̤˶ֱһŲڹĻϣֻһ֣ĻϾȻ˿˿ơ
ȡڵСʱܹȵ㹻ǿߣһͬš


463 ̰
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СģҶ߾ǧһֱδʥǿ߽УҲкܴļ䣬ȻΧشòҪҶ
Щʥǿжȫ
ҵһǿվԭأû˸ҺҶ֮޹ʽ١
ʱڶǿȫѾͨ˵߾صУվڵ߾صԵش
߾أŵȻΣޱȣһڸȴоκΣգ͹֮żطʲô֮ͬ
ʱվĵطһϽͨľͷͷٶ״İɫĻ⣬һж͹֮żеĴûʲôͨ
ֻͬǾڵ߾صҶĻȴʵʵڵĸоˡ
߾ءӵо֮ĵطüͷ΢΢һ壬ҶĻЩ
ӽǼʧ
ոսҶĻ㷢ԼӽǾȻһַǳֵѹˣ£ҶĻ̽ⷶΧȻֻһҡ
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ӽȻѹҶĻ˫еȴȻڣҶĻģ˫ۿĶ
ֻɫĽͨͽ棬ҶĻУЩǽڵȴȫɢŽʵʵ⣬Ҳ˵ЩǽڵļӲ̶ҲطʮǰʥǿҲ޷򴩡
ˣҶĻǽڣ棬㵱пĽɫţЩɫһǸҶĻ쳣ΣյĸоŻҶĻоΣ
ֲʥǿڽһСҲ䡭
ҺãҺãеͼ˫۾ļӦñȱҪϲ١
ؿڣҶĻԼԼЩɫŸԼѹ

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ҶĻУЩɫȫǴǽڵеĽɫġ
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Щ˵ŴҲˣ֮ͨ޵ǿһҪܵЩƣЩǿҲСһǿģܹ԰ʥǿһЩ鷳
ﻹǰȫǧڣֻҪסЩλãҪǽڣͲʲô顣
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˻֣־Ųһ߼Źλãһ߳ǰ
ڶǿȫǴϵĴڣѳ˳˵󣬼סٵλãǶԼֱ練ơ
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ҡ
һ˸ոҶĻ֮ǰλãһʵʵĽǽڴܳ˲佫˵ͷ­ᴩѪҺһء
˴󽫵ʵҲֻüһˡ
ŵһλǿ䣬ڿ׼һľ
Ȼ֪ΣޱȣʥҲɥȴû뵽Ȼôǿ䡣
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尡
һλǿߵδȴڶǿһԾɲܲ˵ǰȥ̰֮ɫѿ̻ǵϣû˿ڡ


464 ܹ
ٵƶ֣ڶǿ߱ŵֵƽת˲ǧףʱٶλǿһķһֶӷꡣ
ǧ׹ڿһƬƽĿϽͨУȻλǿߣλǿߡ
ֻͨǵ߾صΧĵط

Խǧ׵ľһͬɫƳɣûκλεС͹㳡
ϵǣ᷽ʽľλʥǿߣףʮ˲δһȥڹ㳡еȴˡ
ʱλʥվڹ㳡룬Сһǿվڹ㳡ԵһĿŶʮˡ
㳡󣬲һƽףȴǷʽģ˽ͨ⣬κ·ھλʥǿߺ׵̬ȣһǿȴ־衣
λǰҪʲô˵ɡЩҲûáǰһ۷Ƽǿһƽ˵
ڳ˶ˣԳ˼λʥ״δһȥǵԭֻһֿܡ
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ʱС彫λǿһ𣬲¾λʥ˵ʱҲǵʮ㡣
ȻϵԭˣԷ⵽ʥǿߵǿá
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Цԭһֱվԭص־ɻؿˡ
ôˣֻϷһȻҲû˱ϷΣԡ
ϻ˵һҸ棬վǳ⣬ҪϷûǡ
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ϾǲҪǿƽȥֱӱնɱԼѡţԼƾֱһļʻһЩ


465 
ȿȿȣ˵Щʥȫ˵
ֲ˭ֻܹ̫־Ǹϻ쵰ܹ֮ƣʵֳ˵ʵǲǹȥ
ϻЩǶվȥλʥҲ壬Ȼ롣
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һ󣬼һߵķ䣬иҶĻʶУнǧԲۡ
Ȼһʵҡ
ʵҡüͷҶĻϻܣͬʱԺпʼʮʵҵĵͼ
һ֮ҶĻ˼ĵ˵ͷͬʱҶĻ˿˿˷ܵϲⲻ
ˣʮʵǵ߾ءǿ˷ܣҶĻɫԼȭͷ
ͨԵͼĻ䣬ҶĻѾȷԶǿʮʵҵеĵҡ
ǧۣޱȵķ䣬ȫ͵ͼϵļ̱עһģһûκγ롣
ҲҪģСһЩ˻֣һλƼǿߴ󺰳ˡ
˵ǻ֪ʲôطȷǵ߾ɣӦһΣյĵط
ЩʮţİʥȴԸﶨȻ޾ΣҶСһЩȫܹȷȫ
̶̼仰ʮһһۣ漴ȫһⷢ䣬ҶĻҲ⡣
ҶĻյͼҲǵ߾أΣ޴ڣܹðʥ䣬Ȼҵġ
ΧһԲһλ۷Ƽǿͷſʼڵҵƶ鿴
ʱĵҿν쳣ңȽһأѾȫ𻵣ǧԲҲٻ˴룬еҺʧϿӿݣ˿˿ζϮ˵ıӣһȥһ
ʲô
һõǰ˲ͣ½Ųɻĳۿȥ
Ϊ͸ԲΣйɫҺ壬ЩڴδӴƼһʵУ޷⣬Ȼ˸޷ģ۵еĶ
ɫҺ嵱Уһͷʨȴޱȣӵ֮ƣһĹУʱͷȥʱϢһƬ
ʲôΪҴδ
죬ĴǿȾȻЩƼǿ߻ҪţҺѾˣǽųȥȻֻš
Ŵ˵ޱȣȻܹǰδе
һǿ۷׷ףҶĻǷųܹ̽һ׵ʼ̽ͷ
ǿȴٽ𡣡
ޡ޵Ȼ಻һȴҲм֮
ӦԶǿоһʵʱֵĲͷӵмִϢ
鿴Ƭ̣ҶĻ֮ɫ֡
Ǳ߻УЩõ͸ԲУȫֵ
ͻȻһǿָŲԶһ۴˳
Ȼ˳Ŵָķȥһۣõ۵жһͷʬУЩʬеһеĲһԵʮҡ
ҪҪͷʬŪһԴ˷ܵ
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ȫĶȫҪСĳ֮֡
̽ɡ
ֹסΧԲطһһŲ

Ӻһǽǰͣ˽Ų
ǽǰһ˵ע⣬ͬʱʹ˵ͷһ㲻֮С
һǼܡ
һ羫ִ죬˿˿ıⳤǼܡ
ȻһݣҶĻ˿Ǽܣֿ˿ԶһѾۣ˿˿֮С
һǧۣд붼Ѿѣ۵ȴκʬ壬¡
벻ҶĻг֣ʮڿǼܵ˲䣬ȫһĲ롣
»лʮа˾۵г
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ͻȻ΢ĵͳҶĻ˵ĶС
վáȫվá
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쳣΢΢ɲĽŲһͷͻͷƽβ峤ֻһ׵˵ǰ
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ƻ⣬ͷһģһòԳ˫צŽ
ͨ˫Ĺ۲죬ҶĻ˲жͷȫӵһʵƼǿߵʵ
鷳ˣ챣ӣҪټ֡üͷҶĻв۵һԼΧ
˵ǲֻͷ
ģЩȻǻģôܡɴ˫ۣһλǿֱӾ˳
ʱǲ֪ǰ飬ЩʱĶôɴѵӵõɡ
ܣЩӵʱΪλȥӦúųŶԡ
ԭˡо֣ͬ˵ľҶĻʱȴǷһ㲻ͬ
ҶĻͨѹµ֣ͷʮʢͷƻ
ԭˣͷӦԶǿڳǰŸոտʼֱ귽ɹ֮Ʋ۶Ĵڡ
Զǿ޷ӵõôӵС
ԴĿͷҶĻлһ仰ԸҶĻΪԶǿȫ֮壬ֻӵϣΪ޽
𡭡
ͳ˻ͷһߵͺһƽŲ˿
УȻǻ۵ɫȴܹ޾̰Ϊ޶ʳ޾̰̰˫ʵ࣬ڿӴսһ㡣
𡣡
ͺһȳֵƻȶһǰ˹һƼǿߣе̰Ǳ޷Ŵ

ŭĿԲ׵Ƽǿһŭȣеֱӭȥ
ͬʱվλƼǿԵλ󽫺һͨһͬ֡
䡣
˲䣬λֵĺ£ƻǱƽͷֱըѣѪɢ
𡭡
ͳ˻ٶͷҲѾ̲סֱ̰ӷȥ
ͷ³Ҳһλֵ빥һ˲㱻ɱ
ͷβҶĻֻһѳװӣҳϾҶĻûдһᱩ¶


466 Ӳ
ɱֻ˳̶ȣ߾Ҳûʲôµġ
ʮһ֣һʥҲܹǿһս߾ȻųܹðʥĵطҿƼҲ̫ʮһ֣ȥҳȥļӦûǺܴġ
˲ɱͷʹ˲ͣǱʶжڵ߾صľҲ˲١
ţòƣЩ鲻˵ѻ졣ͻȻüͷҶĻɫ˲
𡣡
ͳ˻ٶ
ͷʱ˻ȻһγֵĺԱ֮ǰҪҵöࡣ
ãСģﻹ
Ӧ۷ƼǿߴһеĴ󵶵漱תϽ䱸֮ٶȸ֡
ȻС
ߣʮһ֣Щɱ٣ʲôµġ
һǿߴʱľߵڵҵеﲢ̫¡
𡣡
ֵͳ˻𽥵ģ˵ɫڳ˿˿ı䣬Ϊ˻Ȼڲࡣ
һͷͷͷͷ
𽥵ģ˻ԽԽ̬࣬һӶĳǰ
һӺ˲ԶѾΧͷ̬һͷӵƼǿߵʵͷӵж󽫵ʵ
ֱʱ˵ɫǱˣԣҵоԲֹͷкܶࡣ
𡭡
ͳ˻ţһͷƼʮ̰Ŀˣƶ
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ĿһƲҶĻ㷢ͷĿ꣬ǵϵʬ塣
ҲҪӭսЩѪζʮУǱʬζġ
뿪˵Сһ㡣
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ͬҶĻ˵һ㣬ͷĿǣҶĻʮһ˸һȥͷƷһ㣬ȿֺ˵ϵʬ壬ûˡ
ˣ뿪֮ʱ˻µϵҳʬ塣
ӵʱ䣬˱ٶȼʮͷ
죬Ҳ̫Σ˰ɡһһΪµ˵ôһṦ򣬱˶ʮͷ䷿еж
ҿЩֵԲ˶٣ж
ǵ߾أ䷿еһ֣°ʥǿҲҪڴˡ
ҶϢȫҪ¶ʲôҪ󺰴УЩ
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Сʱ˳̽Ҳ˽˸š
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ȻСʱҲҵ˵ҵĴţʱҶĻʮһ˱վڴǰ
ô졭üͷһλƼǿԽĿˡ
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ȻɵĶֻܻҪжһ㣬Ӧûʲô⡣
Ρ
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߾صӦûǽΪȫĵطһֱֻҪСһЩ˻ȥļʻͦģ򿪴źܻñջʵ̫ˣջʹʱȴΣ
ȻˣǾͶְɡ²˳١
š
ǡ
ԣȫó˸Ե
ҿһ𹥻ֻҪȴţ˵ܹõ߾صзǧı
һ֡
뱬һ۷ƼǿߵĴ£һͬӶе˺Ͻš
䡭
ͨıԴŴҵصĳʹõҵм̳
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ûơ
ʮһ˵Ϲ־ɻǿȫҲﲻ˾أȻȿֲĹ£ҵĴȴûơ
ϣԭǵİɫĤ˴ƣӴźȴֻڴһİӡȻѾɫĤ˰˳ɡ
ȻʱɫĤȴͬ߾ڴĹĤһ㣬ٶȸԭˡ
˵һλʥǿߵҲûа취Ŵ򴩣Щһֵͬѳ˰ʥĹ
ŴҲδ̫̬˰ɣȥЩ˲ͣСʱ²ܹų״򴩡
üͷź͹ĤļӲ̶ѾԶԶ˵Ԥϡ
ʱһԴǵ˵СʱЩ²㹻ʱ䡣
ʲô
ԣתͷʹ̽Ĵ̽顣
Ȼ˷ϳ߻۶̶˶߱ʮͬ˻
뿪˵Щٹĥʱ䣬һһεĹҲҪȴŴ򴩣ܲһֱ
뿪˵
ͷӦٶϢϢĳԶС
ţ
ͻȻ˵к۵ҶĻһ¡
ʱҶĻ̽ⷶΧѾѹ˼ޣֻ̽һ׵ĶҶĻȴȻûн𣬶ʱ޿̶ʹ
ڷţڸȥҶĻҲ״ʱµķ֡
ڵ£ҶĻܹ̽һ׵ȻһƬռ䡣
йŹ֡
ѹס˼ҶĻм䣬һ·뿪

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ЩｻͷӶȫʮ־ĿܣҪҵ󶯾ĸԴ
𡣡
δжϣһͷһͷ˳žѰ˴Ŵ
ӵʱ䣬ŴۼʮͷʹԶӵ˿һľ
գҿǼʱߣǶʮͷʥǿ߼㲻УܵĿܣЩ˹ܵĻᶼûС
Ȼڶ࣬ڹ濰Ȱʥй֮޲Լ棬վǺͰʥ̫Զ
꣬СһЩ
ۣҶĻȴóһ΢ԶɨԼžĵ档


467 
ĿһһɨҶĻ˫ͬ߾ɨһ㣬ͣɨһĵ档
ʱȥûʲôͬ
ԣһ㡣üͷһԶ΢ҶĻĿ׼һ档
էһȥһ沢ûʲô֮ͬǶ࿴ۣҲʲôֵĵطϸȥͻᷢһ澹ȻطҪ߳һ㡣
֪ԶǿҪط֮ϸѳ˳˵ҵĵȫάͬһˮƽȣûκ͹ǰݣǰݣҲǱЩǿвȳģ͹ӵС
ʱҶĻһƬ͹ͬ´½һ㣬Եʮ־档
ж涨Ȼжһ˲䣬ҶĻϲⲪҵҽȻûвȵܹ̽һ׵ȴһĶʮƽңȫǿݵشһƬռ䡣
صĵطпܴűһûб֮ǰİʥǿ߷ֵı
ǿϲ⣬ҶĻв˼죬ҶĻɫȭͷٿ˿ˡ
ҵʵ̽ȻΣޱȣҲ޷֮
ȫֻһ̽ˣȻĻֻûã½ʱŻҲԡ
ıһ
΢ԶҶĻ֮ǰһģһԴڸмķʽԭأû
ͬһʱ䣬ѹҶĻȴûз֣Զ嵱еһ󽫣ȴ֮ǰһڲɫĹ۲Ƭ档
죬λȥֻжʵǿ˼ĵ˵ͷҶĻһɫԭأż˼֮ɫȻıʲô

Ŵﻹڲ࣬ʱԽţ˿ŴκԽľ
ʮӹ󣬴ŴѾ۷壬Ȼʮͷ̬һ
ôǰʥǿߣҲûκܵĿԣ˵ҶĻˡ
ʮͷѾ۷ˣʮӹڶѰ޹󣬿ʼ𽥳
ٶȽΪڶ֮д඼Ѱ޹ֱ뿪СȴǲĵȻһֱڴŴתƣһСʱ֮ſһֻﻺ뿪
Щˡ
һĻͷ۷Ƽǿһ
عλ۷Ƽǿ߶˻˻֣׼ãڹȥٶڴϺΣȻٻصǱ
ʱ䣬Ǳܹ׽ź顣
ߡ
ͷ˵ݷλ۷Ƽǿߴٴ˴š
ǴţУϢĳŴȥ
ţ
üͷһոǰһǿȴüͷһɻĿԼĽ¡
ôˣ
ˣվߵλǿΪɻʵ
е֡üɻ֮ɫ˺һҽǰĵϲ˼¡
֡䷿ĵȻһЩݣȴǱȳģ͹ĵط
˵ţٴβ˲ǰĵ档
ףġ
վԵǿߴʱҲ˵Ĺֱ֮Ӷֿʼ档
һж˵ע⣬ȫתͷǿ档
վһԣҶĻװģĵ˵ͷϸȥȴᷢҶĻУ˼ƾ⡣
ݼ벻һҲ˴˵صĹ֮ҶĻɨǿߣãòҳ֣Щ˵еĴڸһ֣пܱע⣬һá
һỹǾСһ㣬һҲһϻƼǿߣȴαװĺܺãݼһҾȽϽԹ۲沿Ҳ޷˵ѡ
ɫĸˣҶĻȴͬһԹһ㣬عۿϷ
˵ġ֡£һǿȫתߣעǿ͹ĵϣʱͷ۷ƼǿҲ⡣
ÿҿ
ֱƿˣλ۷Ƽǿ߶ְ͹ĵϡ
顣
쳣΢ֻ֣۷Ƽǿߵְ£͹ĵ澹Ȼ𽥰ȥ

һȣ۷ƼǿƻצָͬʱֱӲ˵档
һ̣͹ĵطȫλ۷Ƽǿ˺
һƤʧǰģһֻƴСĿ
ǿյģж
ֻһ䣬ȴó棬ôܻûжȻ档
Ū˵е߾طǧı
ȫ¶˼֮ɫ
ÿ
ȡ
һƿˣ۷Ƽǿͬʱ˲佫ܱߵĵƷ
˺ֻ֣֮ȫ۷ƼǿƷһõͨǰ
ֻ̫ͨһͨʮ׵¥ݡ

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ˣҲӦ˹һʹȫͨС
ʮ׵ľת˲һ̣˱Ѿ¥ݵľͷ
һСңȷе˵Ӧһҡ
ֻһƽңڷǽϣ޴ĻĻ·һЩŹֵ
ЩĻھǧķúʧ飬עȴЩǰļӡ
ǰͬǶһڷӣϣʬ塣
ʬϵѪʧֻʣһǼɴڣǼȴɢ˿˿Ե÷졣
ǹŴ˵ʬ𣿺֡üͷһλΪɻ˵
ȷʵ֣ŴҲ࣬ǵĹȴܹɢһ㣬ӦǹŴɣܺһģһ
۲Ƭ̣һǿȫ˵ͷ϶ʬйŴ˵ʬ塣
һУҶĻȴԾɴǡ
ȷƾ죬ȷԶǿʬ塣
һʵ඼ǰԶǿģߵĹûκβࡣ
ԶǿȻܹܹ࣬һʵЩ߱߶ǻ۵ҲȻܹΪǰ£ΪǸ壬ūʬ˵Щʬ塭
ԶǿҶĻгظУΪֹҶĻȷԼļԶǿʬ壬ΨһҶĻɵǣܼŵԶǿ
һǿߴһʵӡ
ӵʵʵ̫ˣܹһʱӲλڣһԲٿغɫԶǿĻأϢ˵ԶǿʧʱĳУҶĻҲᶨƵΪ˱ǻŵԶǿ


468 Բ
ʱʮһվڼУעǷǰʬϣʵȻÿ˶ɢעãϸɨżҵÿһطҪҵԶǿı

ͻȻһ󾢷ֻһֱڷʩ۷Ƽǿߣһתץ˼ұߵǽǡ
ȡ

;λǿҲȿֺĳǽǱȥ
ǽǴһɫĽ˿˿ɲĴԽӵ
ҺС˺ǽǵľҲȻ̣ܶһֵ۷ƼǿռȻһǽǴһѽץ
ȡ
¶
һƼǿۼֿ죬ֻΪȭһȭ۷Ƽǿ߹ȥҪʹԷ½ӡ
ͬʱֵ⼸ǿҲ߶ʮһ˶֣Ҳʾоţһͬ۷Ƽǿߡ
λ۷ƼǿȻΪ˺ǿҿǲܣʵȴӹɣֻ¼תһһ㣬֮յıܿ˼λǿߵ
ˣ·ǳ˶ദ
ͣ侲һ㣬ڻڶʱôȥǹؼִ󺰣۷ƼǿֱӽӸ߾٣һ޺ӡ
ڻڶʱôڣǵ߾أʲôʱ֪ǻ˼ڶ
ߣվ˵ۡЦһһλƼǿϳЩҶ֪ǵ߾أɱʱпܻɥȻҪҵŴıԱֶռľٶ̣Ϊ˻ȥڶΣҲֻΪ˻ȥˡ
໥õĹϵףѶóɡ

ʱǴǿߣǿߣƼǿߣȫλ۷ƼǿߣвԱᶯָ֣Ҫǡ
УһŴһλѻҪɿΪطﲻԼȴᣬؼʱ̣ЩΪʱۼһġѡпܻὫԼƳȥԱ
ҶĻλһֱϷǿҲУͱ˵Ŀ۷Ƽǿߡ
ߣʲôû˵ҪռֻҪĶˡһ۷Ƽǿ߽еӷһԵϡ
ȻҶȤǾһ𿴿ɡ
˵ţ˲ӦֱӽӴ򿪣һʱ䣬˵עȫС
Ӳֻֻ̫ƴСӴ֮һЩǳֵ˵ǰ
Բơ
УڷһŽԲƣЩԲƵʵһ۱ܹȷ͵ҵʵؼһģһӲȶڶǿ߶ԣֻһ㣬ÿһöԲ϶ɢ˿˿΢ɲĴϢ
ȻЩǶôҪıӲȶﲻ
ʲôüͷ΢壬ȳֵƼǿе̰Ҳ᲻٣Ǳɻռݡ
ͬһǿ߰ҶĻڣȫЩɻ
е̰ȴδȫʧЩԲƼ㲻ǱҲڵ߾صһǳصļҵҵĶȻô
Ϊ˻ȥôĶû˻
ǺǺǡѵΪЩһ۷ƼĶѻҪҪ𣿡һöԲƣ۷ƼǿһмĽӸƼǿߡ
ߡڿҪȥ֮ɾͲһˡһЦλƼǿ߽Բ
𼱣ӵһʮöԲƣÿ˶зݡ
Щżˣ۷Ƽǿ߲мһЦץԲƽˡ
ÿһöµöԲƶ۷Ƽǿһ˵ǲô⣬ϾЩԲƶһģһһԳô࣬ȻҲʲôʮҪı
ֵĶԲƣҶĻȥĹۿҲʲô֮
һԴ
ͷȶҶĻԽָóʮ֮һɫҺ壬Բϡ
һ֮ɫҺ廹ɫҺ壬ûκθı䣬ԲƸûմ˿
ҶĻǿҲ˲̶ͬȵĴϢҪ̽еԲƣóĽȴһģһԲ˿Ͳκ
ֵĶ˵Ժеô
ҡҡͷҶĻԲƹ䡣
λѾõˣҲóȥ˰ɣ滹һȴڵǡ
պеöԲƣ۷ƼǿٶȻָ֮ǰɫͬʱҲָ֮ǰɫ֮ûκγԹǼ϶һ㡣
һȺϵ˺ĺôףǰһ̻УҲܹΪսѣֻҪǣ棬㲻κμ϶
߰ɡȥҲܹʶʶ߾صط
˵ͷһǿ߲δֱӻϷȥ
ʮһλǿ߿ûѲңʵϣÿҲԼĶ̽鷽̽ʮ飬ҶĻҲ⣬ǰѾȷҵûκζˡ

׼𣿡
ϣ۷Ƽǿ߿һۣ漴սеı
һ
һ۷Ƽǿûκι˼ɣб裬ȫǰĴſʼһǿ߽
䡭
ֻڶǿһһӣڴȫʮΡ
һ󣬴ԭΪǳԵİѾü
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֮ǰڿҶĻûнȥʱ˱ҶĻе㲻̫Ծλϻֺ˶ҶĻĻɾ͸ˣ۷Ƽǿߵľٶһ붼̽ҪҶĻʵ
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һ󾯽䣬ҶĻû뵽˾Ȼĺв˸ôɱ֣ν˼ֱһ仰ûκη
ν˶̰ĵģҶĻȻҲǶÿ˵̰ĶмӣҶĻվǵ͹˶̰߹Ƕ̰
߾صΣӵҶĻһǿĶѣ涨Ȼܹһ¥ͬģҶĻԶǿһһأʵƼǿߣʱҶĻˣҲȻ塣
һжһ£ҶĻǿƳ˸ûκΰ취ֻܸɵۡ
գǿѼ䣬ѡ档
䡣
ǿҶĻϣ쳣ֻҶĻһǰˣ㱻ִǿͽ˽С
һ̣⾶ֱҶĻ
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ӵػҶĻνǺˣǻƳ˵ֹ⣬δܸҶĻκơ
վУȴܹʮԵĿ鲼ҶĻȫµڿٻζġ
úúá벻˾Ȼ˺һǵ͹ǡһҶĻһվڽС
ǺǺǣҶ֣ܹǡ΢΢һЦһʮ޹ӣֵĻֻܹϵĶʵִֻ̫ܹҶ̰ġ
ϵŴǷ߾صмֱ޼֮ǿı
ŶֻһȴˡһЦҶĻ˿żʵ
Сӣ㲻ôԼ飬ܰɡ
ҵҪжᾧĹȼΪӽʥֵܳŶá
ƳһЦͬƼǿһ㣬ڽ֮⣬Ѿô㣬ζҶĻ
˵һ˱㲻˵ˣֻǽҶĻ
ûҶĻվԭرĿ˼Ƭ̣漴ŽڲŲ½Ų
ţüͷһҶĻ⿴˿ˣһ˿Ȼ֮ɫԭˣֲ˵Ϊ棬ܹĥҡ

ոŲŲҶĻоǵص鲼ԼȫػҶĻЩܡ
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һҶĻ֮ţƹ޵ʣֻҶĻοʼǰŲ
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Ų֮ҶĻѾ˽ľͷСʯ̨ǰһɻĿСʯ̨ϵ
ҶĻľٶĻƳ˲κν֮ɫǿʱҶĻ񣬾ǵõһҲǵģҶĻϵԶǿ
ֽҶĻһɻĿе⵽ʲô
ͬԼǿŶԱȣҶĻԾɺɻ
ˣо˵
ҶĻ漴תųȥ
һһ岽֮ҶĻֻߵ룬ڻƳɻĿͣ˽Ų
СӻͦϵġվԭһҶĻƳԼ˵
Сһ㣬ϾӵĴڣ˵ʲô֡Щġ
վڽ룬ҶĻһκζ˫Ҳˣִһ㡣
ҶĻϳЩˮ漴ֻҶĻóɫҺ庬Уٶȱ˫ۡ
СӵڸʲôѵǼ
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Σ֣֮½ݱҪһԶܡ
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졣
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ͨıֻһͷͳ壬Ծǿ֮ǽѷ֣ǻŭˣ˲ײ˶ǽϡ
䡭
𣬻һֱһ뷽ʧ
һ󣬶Ǽ᲻ɴݵǽھȻһʮ׵İݣΪһĿĻƳҲ쳣ҡ


473 ֮һƿƽ̨
׵ĲʵĽݣΪ۷ƼǿߵĻƳ塣
ȻʵвãΪȴǳҶĻʹתǹ˲䣬ݱѾܵͷҸжۻƳ嵹һֱٽʱŷӦ
ɢȥĸԾɺ濾ƿңʱƳһվһ˲ԣȴ쳣ҡ
׵ĻƳڵأȫƤɽɫѪҺѪ죬ǰһȭͷСĿȫᴩԿпԿڼ࣬δȥ
ݵûлƳôأҲôܣûʲô飬ҰȴͻƳһ»ճɽڣѾϣڵұ۵ڵأȻԵúҡ
ȿȿȡôܣôܡһ߿ѪһƬѪĻƳڵϲҪվ
ôܡϴ˿˿Ц⣬ҶĻԽд߳˶ͷϵЩ⣬κβʡ
סʱ򣬲Ҫʱ䣬ʥǿҲ塣ǹڶ׼ƳüģҶĻһĮ
ȿȿȡ쵰ڵ沿κɫֻܴ޾ŭ⣬ʱƳǳҪվҶĻͬھȫѱҶĻһǹƻܼ㣬ֻͽһҪŻİʹվ
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֣ҶĻԥĿǹһöɫƱѵ˲佫ƳüĹᴩ
֮ǰλǿߣٲȻһģ۷Ƽǿ߾Ϣȥ
ϧֻŪһ
ҡҡͷҶĻתƿſڿȥ
ʱſڴѾһˣҶĻո߳ʱѾҲжΣգֱ˳ͨԶӴܣϾֻ·һӵĻм
ԴȪ̰ϧôǿȫ̰֮¡
̰úõĻԻΪ޾޷ãֻᱻ֧䣬
ת˿еһʬǣٿ˿Ƴʬ壬ҶĻεҡҡͷ
ˡ
̾˿ҶĻ˲飬漴Ŀתƿҵϡ
ƿ˵󲻴˵СҲ̫Саڷϰֵ̨ȻţĻ
ողʱҶĻĻʮָȤ
ƿң˼壬ƿһĵطȻĻпܻ벻á
ȷ
óҶĻǰ׼ĻΧԼĻԵֱ㿪ʼɨ衣
ֽ֡ΪӣϢȫʱϳԵȡ
˿ķҶĻֱڵأóһ￪ʼо
Ǵӽ⾡ͷõö
ڵõҶĻδϸۿֱʱо
⵽Ǹʲôõģ
ϷȥĹۿҶĻõöó߽жԱȡ
ԱȵĽҶĻʮɻ
ö˻͵⣬ǴСͣһģһκβͬ
ҶĻ֣öȻɢ쳣ŨĴϢȴκҲûκιЧͬһöһûκô
ֵĶ
մҲôûκôֱǷ
ҲգⶫȻܹصĵطȻãЩԲƣһȫ˵ô
˵ͷҶĻöϺǽϵʮöԲƣ㿪ʼȴ

Сʱ
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һ˸ţԷϳʮ֡
Ȼ˰СʱĽֻóʮֵĽۣڿЩݺҶĻȴ¶־ϲɫ
͸¶ݺܼ򵥣ƿ֮һƿƽ̨Լ֮һƿƽ̨·ťĹơ
ǺǺǣ˯˾ͷ벻ƿҵоȻ֮һƿƽ̨ʹá
ȿһ
һ˷ܣҶĻշƣֱӰĻ·һɫťϡ
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һֻ̣ԭɢŵ⣬ûκλĻϣ̳µĻ档
ĻϸԳŵͼÿһŵͼ϶עʮͨԼʮͨƣ壬öȵȵһϵݡ
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ȷʮʵΧشĲֵͼ
˷֮£ҶĻĿתĽŵͼϵݿʼϸϸ鿴
죬ҶĻü䲻˼ƿЦ֮ɫ湻յġ
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˵ţҶĻٴΰ£Ļ·İťϿʼ
ҶĻĲֻĻŵͼݲϿʼı䣬ͨе嶼ҶĻһһرգΪ˰ȫͨ
죬ҶĻֹͣʱĻϵĵͼѾһͨʮʵҶİȫ·һʮͨЩͨеȫҶĻɹرա
ӦþͿˣ·ͨ·һ򣬾ĵشһҲͲԶˡ
ڵοʮʵҵΧشӦûʲôöıƶĵشҲһС
ĵشΪʮʵҵоң涨Ȼвٱ
漴ҶĻĻȫرգ׼뿪ƿҡ
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ͻȻһ쳣΢ƿҶĻеĲ֮ͬʱ֡
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ûκԥҶĻ̧һǹ㳯ŵƿҵĴŴȥ
ֻһ֣ҶĻƱѵո뿪ǹڣ㱻һ׹⳹׻
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üͷһҶĻϵܾȻǿвЩ֮ɫ
漴˲δͣһֱ֮ܣ˳ͨѸʧҶĻС
ߣĲҶĻδǰȥ׷Ͼǵ߾أһ׷ȥ֪ʲô壬ⲢҶĻûа취
תɫҶĻٶȽ֮һƿƽ̨򿪣ʼ


474 
Ļͬʱ򿪣Ȼ¼ҶĻڵͼϿʼλǿߵټ
һ鿴ҶĻüͷûС
ĻŵͼϣҶĻȻҲ˵ټĻϾֻܲ鿴ʮʵ֮һ޷鿴
ûУߣҲ㣬Ҳù
һתҶĻ¶ٶȲ
һΣҶĻֱӽԼҪߵ·⣬ͨеȫҽʿ󻯡
󻯹ʵ壬ǰʥǿ߽٣Ҳкܴļ䣬һ˽ЩͨǲҲҪһƤ
кҶĻĻرգת뿪˵ƿҡ

뿪ƿҺҶĻδѡǰµֱͨӽ˵֧·
һ·УҶĻ֧·ͷֱת򣬽Ѿϵͳĵƫͨ
һΣҶĻڽƫͨ󣬲ûмκκ֣ƫͨеľϵͳѾرգЩҲ˻ȥ
ãƿҵеϵͳûлֱʱҶĻһ
ƿҵеѾǧʱ䣬ԶǿĲҶĻҲұ֤ܹãʱڼƫͨرպҶĻҲǷġ
һ·ֱ򡣡
⣬ҶĻ¼ۣ˳ŵƫͨʼ񱼣Ϊ˰ȫҶĻһֱܿϾǧĶǲôա
ʵӦҶĻĵǶġ
ҶĻһܹʮһͨκ֣һ·ϣǻһˣ»ΪԼ˵طǵ߾أǹ֮żһͨĵط
һܹʮͨҶĻͻȻͣ˽Ų
ţǡһݣҶĻͣ½Ų̳ͨͷʮ·ڿȥ
ʮ·ڣʱһʬ壬һʵʬ壬ʬѪʱδ
ʬҶĻȴ쳣Ϥ
役ڣұʧҶĻӵһƼǿߣݡ
ʱڽݵϣͷʮϸСѪ鲼ȻЩ˿ڴ
СĻʬǰҶĻ˿Щ˿ڣһɵģΪֶΡ
һ˲䣬ҶĻԺгϻƼǿߵӰ
ǿߵɱֶαɰҰĹȿƳǿʵǻƳҲǱնķݡ
ϵ˿ڣʮðɵġ
ʮʵҵǿ߲࣬ʹֶֹ֮˵ļʸǼ㣬ȻΪˡ
е鷳
ݵʬ嵹ҿȫͨһط˽ĳ̶ȣֻҪ̽һƱܹҵҿȫͨеһȫ
ȥҺпܻ
ҲգĻӦû֪ҵݣڶʹȫһնɱ䡣
ɱ֣ҶĻվŶʼ񱼡
µͨҶĻԾһ·ܹûƼǿߣһ·ϼΪƽ
ʮӺҶĻѾ˶ıԵλãվһͨͨڡ
ǵֻͨҪپͨұִܹĵشıԵ
СһЩӦûʲô⡣
һҶĻ˫۵ʼ鿴ͨ
˫ĿеոչҶĻ㿴ϰٵͨб鲼ͨ
һʱ䣬һ亹ҶĻϣûиȻ˵ĵشҲòɡ
ͨʮ֮ŵĵطһᴥɱ
һҪСһЩ
˵ͷҶĻԼİȫСĿʼŲŲ
һһҶĻʮֽǰԼЩԡ
ɲͨģҶĻǷУ߹ȥֻҪĳһ׼̴塣
ֻҶĻβŲһףһվĥĥĳǰһһǰ
ƽҶĻֻٶ׵ͨʱҶĻȻӷųɹͨ

˲ͷϵ亹ҶĻվڣתұ߿ʼǰ
ķʽҶĻһͨͨһ鲼вԣᴥһɱ
ͨҶĻԼĿĵأһΧش
վҶĻȴǽüͷûټǰ
ҶĻǰͨǽһҲĵɵͨǰ֮һĵطҶĻȴһصʬ塣
һ˾ʬ壬ΪͨǿߣΪǿߣΪƼǿߡ
࡭
˿ڿˮҶĻǰֲ֪ͨǺõĸо
ΪЩʬ壬ΪͨҶĻеӡ
ȫǽ⡣
ͨǵ棬ǽڣǶ㣬ȫһ⣬Щ⣬ҶĻ۾һֱʹĸо
ͨ޽⣬˫۵ҶĻҲ޷ͨ
һ˵кɫҶĻҪ̤Ų
ͨȻڼɷ޽⣬ҶĻϻܡ
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һ̤ҶĻҽͨĵϡ
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һֻ̣ͨǽڣ棬㣬ٵ⣬ǵصǷʽͬʱҶĻ
ٵıͬһʱ
һҶĻջҽţص֮ǰͨС
ڷţһӵĹٵ㽫ҶĻϵȫ򴩣ڴ򴩻ܺʣ޼һ˲䣬ҶĻҪˡ
ʥЩ⼯һԿȰʥȫʱǰָƽͨҶĻ㾪
ϵһǰʥǿȫ֣ᱻ˲ơ
ͨҵ͸޷ǿ˵ңһʥǿҲ޷ǿ߳ʮ㿸סˡ
ҲҪϵİʥ֣ܹǿȥ
üͷҶĻתĴ˿
һɵһֻǵɵٶȣҪϵĵһɵ壬ľ룬ҲҪʱ䡣
ЩʥǿлͼһǽƱػٶȳ߸ʱ䲻ˡ
ȥƿңܷҵͨİ취
⣬ҶĻŲŲܿһ·ϵ壬첽Ŷƿȥ
һ·УʮӺ󣬼ִƿҵҶĻͻȻͣ˽Ų
ȻˡüͷһҶĻվڶƿҵͨڣΪȵĿŲԶƿҡ
źǽڣҶĻܹڶƿҵУʱƶţܹƶţȻһͬǿߡ
ˣȹȥ
ɿüͷҶĻʹƿòı䣬˿ǰͨ塣

ŲҶĻԼٶȿʼ񱼡


475 µ·
һʮҶĻһͨеһ
䡣
ͻȻҶĻողͨʱһǽֱ֣ҶĻȥ
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֣ҶĻһ·񱼲ֹͨеʮȫҶĻһһȻҶĻµĲȴΪ֣ÿһʱҶĻ֮յıܿʮȫǽϡ
һʱ䣬ͨкǽں͵ǿĺȻҶĻȴûκ顣
ֻͨٶףͨһٶ׶ȫ񱼵ҶĻԣԺԲơ
һ̣ҶĻѾͨͷ漴һתŶƿҴ˽ȥ
ҶĻͨʧͬʱҲֹͣ˹
ǰȫˡңѾȫıģҶĻ˲ͷϵĺˮ
ʱҶĻȴǲôÿ
ȻͨеĽûйҶĻҶĻϵĳȴãټҶĻƳĺˮէһȥƽٺһ㡣

ҶĻƿҺһʱ䣬Եøⰲ
ƿ֮УͬҶĻһ֮⻹ˡ
һԵʮ˧ӡ
һձް߰ף̬ʮߡ
һλ£ӵ֮ˣüȴмֺɫŮӡ
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ʱһĽҶĻû˭ȷ
ͬһҶĻҲվԭؿǣϻ˼ƽ֮ɫȻҶĻʱԭװļֽ֮ɫȴѸת䣬ΪĽ
벻ȻҲҺʹõ֮ǰҶòֻǲ֪ܷŪȥ
ڹ֮żʱҵĲ֮˼һƬҶĻԾվԭأûȳ
ɫԭأҶĻĿʼ鿴ƿҡ
鿴ĽҶĻЩʧƿҵͬڷźܶȴȫѾ𻵣ҶĻڶƿҵпһƿһģһǽڣǽͬѾ򿪣в⡣
Ȼ⵱еĶѾɡ
죬е߻˵װˡ㣬ֻ
˶Ƽǿߣ˵ʵͨһ·Ҳ˲ֻӵпȥʵˡ
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ŶüͷһҶĻҲû뵽ԼαװȻô㱻˲𴩡
λͬˣǶǱ߾رƵ֮ûбҪΪҰѡˣҶĻʮСĵ˵
ǺǺǡλСֵܣԷģ˾ûҪ˼Цҡҡͷձֱһ£ҽݣλŮʿ£ͯ
˵ĲͬˣǶǱˣСֵܣ㲻ԼݣҲĺְ˫ۣһõĿҶĻ
Ŷ˼һ䣬ҶĻ߻ﵱе˼˼
λ߻˼ԣ˱ãѾԼļƻҶĻݣôҲδҶĻ룬ϾһˣҲͶһ
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ԷϳԼҶĻȴЩ𾪡
ھ£ҶĻй˶ƴҶĻҲȫȻ壬˵ʱĵطصĶҶĻ˫۵Ʋ֮ǰʥǿҲû취˵ˡ
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ҶĻڿϳԼݣͯ˾¶˿˿Ī΢Ц
ȻûעǣϲͬʱҶĻȴڲ֪Ѿߵ˵м䣬ÿ˶һףոպܹˡ
Ҷ֣ͯһ򶼺ֱˬˣƻȻУûҪһӡ
˹֣ͯһתԻóһҶĻǰ
Ҷ뿴ⶫҺλڴ˵طֵġ
ͯУһᣬһǶʮֹصľᡣ
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ӣҶҲӦ֪ʲôˡһЦҶĻӣͯԵʮ⡣
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ݸոյõĵͼȻûм߾صΣȴǡǡҪĶطΪģΧϰͨϸΡ
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һɫͨŵͼҶĻΨһͬĵط
ҶĻµĵͼϣûͨĴڣҶĻȴȷͨĴڣôضͨͨ
ͨĳ֣ҶĻ־ȡ
ͨ˵һأһ޽֮·ʱŶӱʮˣǣµȴȫ棬ͨ˵ǣǼʥ֣ҲԴȥ
ŵͼԼҶֵĵڿԿ϶ͨȻǽ߾ĵش·
ԣǴ̽
ָһͨͯν
µ·üͷҶĻ
һ沿ȫļʮȻû˵ѣҲ˵ҵõŵͼʮʵҵУһЩΪصĵطŵͼûмء
Ҳգȸȥһ˵ʲôĵشĺð취
˵ͷҶĻͯٿ˿ˣеĶܹ˵ңһһ⣬ôȥ
ǵ߾أֻҪ߳䣬̲ɱǵʵܹߵ


476 ʥ
߾ΧӵʮŵĹ㳡С
λʥǿߺԾɾʱȴѲ֮ͬǰ
֮ǰʮҫ۵ĽɫţȻʱĽɫȴֻʣ˾ŵߵŵĹâԵüΪʱʧһ㡣
ˡ˫ۣ־ͻȻ˵
ڻоŵţȻߵŽȥѾ룬ȴǷǳ׼ȷҪҪٵһȡһλʥǿЩԥ˵
õȡ־ҡҡͷ߾Ȼųǧ겻Դӵ߾رȴûгֹһԽôǿߵ
Ȼ˵߾Σޱȣ¶⣬ʮŵĴڱЩǿṩԵĻһԽϰˣ˭Ҳ֪ûˣܹ֮ǰĵش
Ѿʮˣźھ԰ȫĵطֻҪǽУеĵͼ֣Ȼܹһ·嵽ĵش
߰ɡ
˵գ־ֱվҪС
ٵˣʱ䲻ˣ˭Ҳ֪ȥһٶ˵Уûĺ󱲡
Ǿ֣ʲôڵ˽ʱ䣬Ҳȷʵˡ
λʥһһ໥˵ͷȫվ
ȻˣǾͽȥɡ
һۣ漴ץһԵףֱӽ˽Ϊҫ۵ĵһС

ƿҡ
ǺǺǡҶԷģǼȻܹⶨּƻȻа취ִɫͨ
֮ɫͯԻóһ
һʮͨĽϣɢŵĴϢȻǷ
ҶĻȴܹӿڴŷǳԵѺۡ
Ҷֻ֣Ҫȫ֣ڣɵİտԵִ
ôҲһԡҶĻֱͯʵ
û⡭ȻѾ׼ȫǾͳɡҶĻ˵ͷ
䡣
ͻȻҶĻͯ˸ով뿪ʱԶһ쳣ƴ󣬵ȴԵΪҵĴǱˡ
оɴϢһ̣ҶĻͯȫüͷ
ܹɢǿĴϢлǣȻֻǾʥǿʱܹ
ûʱˣЩʥǿѾϵлͼʮа˾ŻǱȫĵͼϵʵȻõͼǿ
ʥ״򣬹Ҳֻʱ⡣
²˳١
ݺһۣͯȴ̤ƿȥ
ץӡչֱͯÿץס˲ͬĲλ
ǵʱ䲻࣬ҵõһŴȻƷȴȻӵ쳣ǿķܡ
ҪģȫԼϵ뵽У٣١
һ·ȥ
˵꣬ͯϢӿǿĴвϹ䡣
ͬʱݺҲһĴȫС
ҶĻȻûдȴӵʵ棬Ҳһ֡
˵ȫ£ֻһ͸ķ֣Уֵǿ˿ѷɫҶĻȫʱǿȡ
ȫ֣Ҫ׼øԵҩһʱҪʱȫʢ״̬
ԣٶȷû˿ĽС
ȫ֣һʥٵǿУֻĻٶһΣʱֵǿȣǰʥǿҪҲΪס
ǡ
ͻȻҶĻͷȥ
˵Ŀֲ£ԭڵѷ쾹ȻƣȻٶȷǳ
ҪЩѷ죬ֱӳȥܹ֧ǵ
ߡ
óָҩ漴˽ŲŲٶȳǰʼͳ塣
䡭
˸ոնǵصĽ֣ͨȫ˹ȥ
ʱֵ֣ڽĹ£Ļ־Ȼûгκһ㲨ƣûκһ˿ҡ
ڻֵı£˼ȫͨе幥ֻһ·ǰȥ
غ㶨ɣǿķĴҲǾ˵ġ
ڿ;УҶĻеɫҺ壬ÿҪһΣĿν쳣ֲˣǸ䣬зҵĸ߼ᾧڻָȫ
ͯеͼϵĵڶɫͨƿҲ̫Զ
·ǵٶȲ̶Ӻ󣬱㵽ɫͨĸ
ӺҶĻѾ˲һٵɫҺ壬ҲһʹģȻЩѾǵĽǡ
ΪʹĵͯˣΪı
ԭһĵѺۣӵķ£ϵĵѺȴѾӵߵһѺۼϡ
ȻѾò˼ˡ
߰ɡǰͨˡϧҡҡͷͯ𣬴ҹգ˵ͼϵڶɫͨڡ
ţ
ô¡
ǡ
ϱ죬ͣ˽Ų
ǵǰǵڶɫͨ
ͨ͵ɵĴСȣһģһէһȥΪ˵ɵ˾ĲͨͨĶ
ͨңͨмĵطʱȻʮǿߡ
ʮǿߵУƼǿ߱ˣˣ˽ΪͨǿߣʮһʥҲܹʤ
Ȼʱʮȴͨ룬ϻЩʹ֮ɫ
λѣܷԮҵһΡƤ΢΢̧һ۷Ƽǿһ˵
ǡǵӣֱǰʵ
λѣǷԶһ·ϵٶȼ죬ȻֱģӦ֪·ͨ·
λ߾ҲǾ֮ĵش֮⣬ɱʥǿļҲ󣬶ĵشͨǿƾ·
ͨУŴһ쳣ֵһͨо˷ɽͬʱԼѹһͨ󽫼˲ᱻѹԽߣѹԽǿ󡣡
ʮ˵ǺãǰһƬͬͨеѹ˲δվС˹Ŵ˵ܡ
ͨԽ棬ѹԽ󣬵ȴмѹСѹ󡣡
ʮ֣޷ӲǿѹԱˡ
λѣǿʩԮ֣ҵȶȻм
Ȼм
۷Ƽǿ߸һڣʮȫںǱм䣬ȥҲҶĻ˲֣ǹֻԭصˡ


477 
ˣһԡ
죬ͯһۣ漴˾
ڲͯˣҶĻбͨʮˣȫһ뷨
̵ʱڽ߾صøλʥ֮ǰȻĻǽȥˣĺöпҲûǵķݡ
Ҫһ㣬Ҫ쳣ǿܹǿͨʵʮ֣ѡ
˹֣ͯһϿҵĶҶĻ˵Ҷ֣̽Ļ֣ҶӵõĹŴܵѹĹһ˲ĹҲֶ⡣
û⡣ҶĻޱĵ˵ͷ
£ҶĻûжԥֱҽ̤ҪѹɽĽͨС
䡣
ҽŸոսͨΧҶĻֻоԺһɾҵıը֣漴󼸺޷ݵĿֲѹ˷ϮȫҶĻҽϡ
ֲѹ˿ѷɫڵɵٵһͬй֮޲
һ˲䣬ҶĻϵܱȫѣҶĻʱ¼ҶĻʵҲҪС
ΣҶĻջȣͯæʵ
ѡҶĻҡҡͷ˵ͨԵѹǿмȴǿѹĹ֮ǰͨеĽ⹥ȡ
ȽϣͨȽһЩѹǿȴͲ㡣
ЩĹȡ
ҶĻ˵ͯȫüͷ
λѣȥκνġʱͨ۷Ƽǿٶȿڡ
Щѹ֮ǿʮ֣Ҳ޷ӲλʵǿȴҲ޷ʮȡ
һԽ֮ͬ˵ڶʱ˳ɣֻҪλ֣ܹҵȾȳȥǻܹһͬĵش
Ρ
Ŷ
ɫһ䣬ҶĻվԭؾһ㶣ȫû뵽ԷȻ˵ֻ
һʵĽԴȪ򣬶嵱еĴΪĴһģһһʵ֮䶼Խ˫ͬԵУҲֻǽ˫Сˡ
ܹͬΪȻǼһʹôǿ߱ڶʱڽϵܹ˳ɵ޼֮
ʱ۷Ƽǿ߾ȻϽ޼֮óܲ𾪡
λʹ֮ɫλ۷ƼǿǿеѪʹʼжԼյ
ɢĺ
㲻ֻ̫࣬ǧ֣ȴᣬɰƪɵһ㣬ޱ¡
ÿһִ˵³ҶĻ˵ɫһ䣬Ȼܵĳʾ
Ȼλǿߵʮȴûʲô飬ȻѾѧʹˣȴ޷г
ȻһʵѾӵԼ˿ѷɫս켶𼼷
һԣһҪһԣ幹һʵ弸һģһӦҲʹá
һҶĻûдҶĻȴԾݿʼС
һӺͯ˵Ѿɢ쳣ǿĴϢҶĻȴûκζ
ô¡Ȼûãѵһʵſ𣿡
һԡ
ҶĻ˿٣ȥ߶򻯳ɫ棬ʼ
ˡ
ֻҶĻոսɫ˳ķʽУҶĻڱ˼ֶ
⣬˿˿ɫ濪ʼҶĻڽܳǹ졣
ҶĻǸӵҶĻɫոճ֣ͨеʮ˱һ𾪺˳
ʮ˵Уȴṵ̂ϲá
Ա̰ǲʱ˶ѡΪ˶̰Ҫһֱȥʮ˱ˡ
ҶĻʵԽǿǻȥļҲԽ
ʮ
ȡ
ͯͬʱ˫ۣһȣǵмâҫֱڵصʮ˷ȥ
һ̣һ쳣ֵϢ˵ͬʱ
ˡ
˸ոɣֻҶĻҲ˫ۣʱҶĻ˫УɫѾһԲ
˷֮ɫҶĻһԵ̬Բͨеʮˡ
ҶĻĸ»ԲͨеʮǱʶҲЩ£һԾ˿
վǽŻԲ
˷ſ飬ֻԲǰƶû˵κˣ˵嵱С
ǡһ𣬻ոʧҶĻһַǳֵĸо
ָоǳҶĻʵûκθı䣬ҶĻȴܹʮĸоԼܹӳԶޣ
ȻֻһָоʱʮȻһԾûʲôá
λѣʮһ֮һ
׼á
ҶĻˣλ۷Ƽǿߵ˵ͷ漴һۣʼ𽥷
һ˶˽Զʮ뷢ȫͳһתҶĻ˵ϡ
һ˲䣬ҶĻȫоһǿ󵽼ܹ˺ѵصڷӿ֡
ߡ
һͯΪģŲ붯һͬͨС
䡣
ǿ̩ɽ޾ѹ˷Ϯɽ໥ѹһ㡣
ȻһΣܹʥѹĿֲѹȴδҶĻ˴κ˺
ֻҶĻ˻УȻٶ쳣Ųȴһһͨȥ
ÿ̤һ˶Ҫ롣
ӹһ·˳ʮ˵ԡ
ǺǺǡҿ㣬׹ᴩһȥ
ҶĻ˺ʮͨʮȫվҶĻһͬͨڲȥ
ʮŸ˵İ˳ʱһʥҺΪУһϢʱ䣬˱ܹʥʥҲʤܡ
ɿֲ£ʮ˽Ųͳһһһͨȥ
ųǧ˽ĵ߾ĵشһʱ䣬˵ȫǳ£ٶ׵ľ޾·һ㣬ޱңԶ
һһڶ£Ӻͨľͷ

һֻ̣о޴ڵĿֲѹ˲ʧһᣬҲ˵ķ̶Ͽ
ǵˣ˵еĵ߾򣬲Ŵĵطǵˡ
ȥϿȥ
ÿңÿ
һ໥ƼʮȿֺͨͷĹսҹգҪһ
ȻǰĶȴһ㵡
ͨͷһҵĹսǣսǣǰʮ׶ǼΪȫĽͨȻھͷȴһԵúޱȵĴš
Žգصס˵ȥ·


478 ư
ǰȻûκĤէһȥ˶ȷȴޱȺأҪܡ
ô졭໥ӣҪӶԷҵ𰸡
ô죬ȻǽȴŴˣôѾߵܱһȴŵסŲ
ʮ֣ǰʥǿҲܹһϢʱڻһȴŶѣ㶨Ȼ⡣
䡣
ͻȻ˻ո֮ʣһıԼԶ˵ĶС
ÿɱףھ˵ؼԶ֮˶ʱȴȻޱȡ
űֵģоŹ쳣ǿ󣬼ޱ޼ʵĿֲǣ˿˿𶯡
ȻǾλʥǿֺĳ
䡭
վԭأܹо棬ǽڣţڲ΢š
ˣֽйǾʥѾһȴǰֺŴš
֣ٶȽź顣
˵ֱ꣬ͯתҪ
ʱҶĻȴǰĴš
ƽޱȣڴŵ룬ҶĻһΪȤĶ
һ
СԵϸСݣոպܹȥһöҶĻõ
ѵҵõǴŵԿףüͷһҶĻ̳˲롣
ͯǺһһƿҵǽڣڵӣõĶӦòǷͼ
ô죬ҪҪó
в˼ʱҶĻЩԥ
ҶĻһҪ򣬲ҶĻһóɾͲôˡ
ҶĻӵһһԶǿѾ֪飬ҶĻóκ˶뵽һ£ҶĻϱȻ
ͻȻλ۷Ƽǿȱ𼱣һԡ
ţһʱ䣬ȫ۷Ƽǿߡ
ҶĻһɻ󣬲ҪʲôʮüȻ
ǰ۷ƼǿǰԻóһʵʵƷ
Űֲһһ⿪ΪǿĴϢӿͬʱվһԵҶĻ˲ɴ˫ۡ
λ۷ƼǿУһö
һöɢǿϢҶĻƿеõöһģһ
ⶫڲǰոҵģϲӦÿԿǰȴš
۷Ƽǿ߶ʮֻ˴ŵİС
䡭
ͻȻֻող룬ű쳣ǿҵķӦ
֣нʵʵĴʼ˳Щ뵽ŵС
һӵʱ䣬еŨ㱻ȫһڣ漴ͻȻըѣǰΪһƬ
ǡ
ˡ
ѣգд΢ԵúޱȵĴſʼ
Ŵǿȴŵĺȡ
ʮףȴžȻʮףҲʼΪӲ
ȲʣȺȣ˽һͬûаСʱʱ䣬Ҳ뽫ȴų׺顣
ʮ󣬴ȫ𣬲ǰĶȴ󳬳˵Ԥϡ
ưܡ
ǰģԾһĽͨͨưȴԶ˵
ʮʵұͷǳưܣ⣬ǿӿݣǽڰ͹ƽϽмһأط쳣Ũȳζ
ȻǰĵشͨȴԶطҪưʮ
ߺ׵Ľǽڵ룬Ǿ޴Ľкȥܿ޴İݡ
ڵϣ˻ʮ߲ͬĹǺЩǺ͸죬ʵزͬȴȫɢһȳζʮִ̱ǡ
Ǵ˵еĵ߾ĵشǲطˡ
֪Ʋ⣬ӦþĵشһС
ߣô߾Ѿ˲֪꣬ҲûʲôþģֻҪ֪ǧһֱ̤ĵ߾ĵش
䡣
ֱʱԶλʥǿߺŵڲͻȻһɼ֮ı˶С
ãҸϿ춯ǱߵİʥѾź俪ٲ־ˡ
㡣
ʮȫˣһҲܴűưܾ󣬿ʼ˳ͨ񱼣;λʥʱ䡣
ưܵĽͨϣһ߾ι״ʬĶǽҲѡ
˸ոսͨУ۵ıһǽѵķ䣬Щ롣

ʮҲûн̷ɢΪбĵطȥ
ǽѴ룬ֱһıأΡ
ʮŸˣһΪ˰˶ӣŲͬȥ֪ͯΪΣظҶĻ
ţ֣ʲôüͷһҶĻ̼ٶȣΪɻĿͯ
Ҷ֣˵·һߣȴǵ߾أҸ㣬ֻһȰˡ
֪߾ĵشʲôɱЦʼͯһӦ˵ӡ
⡣
ɿüͷҶĻûԷֱǰ㿪ʼ񱼡
˫ĿеѿҶĻȴûͨпκǽڵѣҲʧȥһ㡣
ʱҶĻȥķĵشģʮʵоҡ
ˡ
ͻȻؿʼ
ã²⾹Ȼġ˫һҶĻ㾪
Ŵ򿪣ҶĻʬǣŵȳζҶĻԺоͳһ룬Ǳ͵һл
ĵشʮʵҵĸ߶ʵȫУĻпܱȵҵеĻҪǿ
˫תҶĻ˳ķȥ̱㿴Զһ߿񱼶
Ҷ֣ҵĵĳˡ·Ȼûɱİȫˡɫһ䣬ͯķ򻺻˵
δͯҶĻȴɻ֮ɫ
֣ĵش˵ܹӦ쳣ǿŶԣֻǿȣΪֻͨ󽫼𡣡еľҶĻǳɻ
䡣
ʮֻҶĻ˲Զԭҡҡ׹ʱᵹĽǽȻǽں󷽣һӰһԾ
һֻͬԳһ
ɫëŨܣͬһ㣬֫׳˶а˿ݺ֣վԭأ󽫼ĴϢɢ
ֻԳĴϢֻͨ󽫼𣬵ҶĻȴ¶ǰδеɫ
Ϊǿȡ
ֻԳǿѾҶĻ֪൱еİ벽ǿҲ޷ȡ


479 նɱ
ôܣ⵽ʲôǿȾȻ
൱а벽ǿߵǿȣ֮һαġ
վԭأҶĻֻԳǿȣͬһ㣬𾪡
˵ҶĻ𾪵Ļôֱͯӱ
ΪһʵǿߵǿȼŽ׳ǿһǿܹǿٽΣٽ֮ϸûУֻԳĳ֣ȫ߸֪ͯ
⡭⡭ɴ˫ֱۣͯԭء
䡭
ͻȻ˷˸ոɢֻʮʵĵشУʮֻι״֡
Щײǽڣͬһ㣬Ծǿ֮ˣϵĴϢȫôǿ󣬲ǿȴѾ˵֪
𡣡
ˡ
޺һվҶĻǰֻԳð޾̰ĹâֱֱĳҶĻ˳˿ݺţеε̰Ŀˮϡ
ȻֻԳѾ˼£е̰ȫʳı̰

ûҶĻ֣һԵͯѾԳĽŲѣ漴Ϻɫ¶γĳһ㳯ǰֻԳȥ
ಡ
һ˲䣬Ϊ룬ߣƥĴϢӭֻԳ
ܡ
ʱľԳѾȫ̰֧䣬û˿Ҫܵ˼ֻһζҪǰҶĻ˺ƬΪԼʳ
һ̣ԳǿƱ̬ǿֳ
ͯʵǿ۷ƼǿȣʵҲѷɫ٣еĳȴֻǴ̽ԳƤףھԳľ޴ԣͬСһ㣬ûκθо
ǿȣֵ߽˲䣬ԳȻƾӲĺͯƴ˸ƽ֣˿⡣
ʲôһ̳ͯ齣ԭء
Ȼֵ飬ȴͯܵĳ嶯
ָˡ
Գ֮ϵ˿ھȻۿɼٶڻָ
Сּ۷ƼǿҲһܹ£γֵġ
ԲС
֣ȫΪͯӲƴֱӵͷҪ뿪
䡭
ͻȻһͯߺХĸʹͯԾͣ˽Ų
ʱҶĻѰںսƣѺɫתǹѾȫɫΪľ޴ɫתǹ
쳣׳Ľɫ֣ͯ˲ɹײ˾Գϡ
һ˲䣬ԳӴȫɫ֣ǰ׳ɫⲻͣײžԳ壬ʹ쳣̬ľԳһ˺ü
𡭡
һԳһۺ裬ǿнǰĽĽɫɢ
ʱԳǰѪģƤըһƬȥѪ죬ҡ
һжֻǱ󣬾ԳûܵشЩƤˣ˿ڻۿɼٶȻָš
𡭡ˡ
ٶȱ𣬾Գе̰Ϊŭ⣬̹һ㳯ҶĻѹ
һɧһĵߡ
ƳͯһۣҶĻҲûôֱ࣬ԶԳ֮ƳžԳȥ
ʲôһʵ
ҶĻ˾˵ƻҶĻǺƣͯе漴ܵ˼˳ŲԳֱ̾Գ̫Ѩ
ͬʱ֣ͯҶĻҲѾ˾Գǰ
߶Գ壬ɲǼ䣬ۼҶĻ;ԳҪײһҶĻǿȶԣײ˲ᱻײɳȥ
ΣͷҶĻ¼תһԼٶ˾Գ󣬾Գ̫ӴأӦ
䡭
ٶֻҶĻľ޴ɫתǹǹڶסԳ˶Ʊѵֱɳײ˾Գϡ
˽ӲҶĻǹԳӴ̱Ҫɳȥ
ûľ޴жҶĻĵڶбѾˡ

ҶĻһԽɫɵֱֱĳžԳȥ
֮ǰҶĻʩչĻЩͬɫǽɫģǺڽɫҶĻɫѹޣȻʮֻ湹ܷںϣɵһ
˵ԭ湹ܷļչ֣ԭػ𹹼ܵеһйܷ໥ںϣ޵ĲҲֻҶĻȽزܹʹǴػ𹹼ܵҲԶԶﲻ־ء

ܶͬһڽɫһ㣬ѸٲϾԳԳǿҪɳȥľ޴ԭء
𡭡
һ󱩺𣬾Գ˫۷һеҪʹ죬ǿԶ֪Ҳ޷ڽɫ
ڽϺ񻰷ѹÿԳʱϱֵ⣬ԳȫգʹΪͽ͡
ȡ

ԳҶĻͬʱϵֻ˷ͯĳֱӴ̽Գ˫ۣҶĻվھԳͷѾ޴תǹֱָԳǡ
䡭
ͨıھ޴ǹڵ£ԳӴٶȱɫȫ֣ܹоԳ۾쭳ѪҺ⣬ʲô
ҶĻĹתǹѾɢȥͯҲֹͣһĿǰľԳ
ɫɢ¶˻浱еľԳ
ʱľԳѲ֮ǰģµĽɫëޱȣͷʧ룬Ѫһأվһֻ΢Ϣûȥ
ˡ
һ̤ԳǾ޴ǰһҪץҶĻˣһȴעҪԶԭء
ǽնɱˡͯһǿǿ죬ӵбָ̬ҪɱҪһԽᴩ
ȷʵ˵ͷҶĻǰ˿Գʬ塣
ȻԳӦԶǿʵһֺһʵȫ෴Ϊ
Щﲢûɣ˵׻Ұޣ߱Լǻۡ
Ӧòô򵥣ԳʵǿȴԽΪ£ʮʵҵĵشӦûڡ
ôˣҶ֡ҶĻžԳʬ忴ͯΪɻʵ
ûʲô
ҡҡͷҶĻδش𣬶оұȥ
ͯҲûٶ˵ҶĻ
һҲʲô񡭡ɨͯһۣͯԴ΢ЦҶĻеľδ¡
ӵһۼͯʼҶĻбһֱϼӷ
ʱĵشڶǿ߼ھżսͻȻֵĴԼǵĳǿڶǿһֲִĸо


480 Ļ̥
һ·񱼣ҶĻͯϢȫСǰн
̶ӵʱ䣬ҶĻ˫۱̽⵽ֻ;Գʵһ޶ϢҶĻ˫ܹǰЩӵʱ䣬ֻսжȹûʱ·
֮ͯҶĻȴıԼǰ·ߡ
ҶĻֱоңǿʼͣ·һ·ϵĽȴҶĻЩʧ
ûУӣȻûпκδ
֡ҵ˫ԿԲǧڵ򣬵ȴûпκξ߱ı
ѵʱԶǿʱ𣿡
оңоǱжһţҶĻüͷ΢壬⿴˿Լͯ
ʱҶĻʮҪжϾҶĻһˣʥˣҲԼ˽ģԸͬ˹Ļ̥
һͷβΪȻûɵ㣬ܽȴɵ㡣
˵һ仰ʼڷǳСĵԼ͸¶Ϣ쳣򵥣ɵ㡣
ңһһֱڲ׾չֵʵڵĴȫʵҲ۷Ƽǿһǿ
в˼ҶĻԾڴͯת
ʱͯȻǳƽȴҲ˿˿ĵشӶûκջͯЩȴһֱ뿪ҶĻһظҶĻ
ı
ʱͯȻѾҶĻɣһȴʵʵڵıţҶĻҲ޷κΡ
ı˽˲ãֻӲԡ
쵰һﵽҪʲô
üͷҶĻʱǺ޲һǹͯ
ţǡͻȻֻҶĻüһ˿ϲ⡣
ʱҶĻУ˰ٶ׿⣬һɢŴϢ
ǿϲ⣬ҶĻ˱ͯһۣ漴̼ӿٶȣٶȳķȥ
ֱ߾˰ٶףƹǽڣʮҶĻһǽ⡣
͸ǽڣԿڲһķ䣬һأȻڷ価ͷȴһûκζĸɾ棬ո⣬ҶĻȴоһϸ΢Ĵ
˿ҶĻͯĿⲢδһƬյϣǿ˿յһԣƷеһ
һƴСĽӡ

δܶҶĻκԥֱץ˷еĽӡ
ȻҶĻȴˣͯȻûκζֻǾվ
ţʲôúӣҶĻһĿŶԷ˵ɣҵҪʲôҪĻΪβ֡
Ҷ֣ⶫҵģӲãǳ֣С𣿡΢һЦͯԵʮʿ
𣿡
ԣҶĻ˫ۣ˼ĿŶԷ
죬ҶĻƿĿ⣬վͯǰеĺֱӴ򿪡

һ̣һ쳣ŨĴϢɴϢĳ£ҶĻͯ޷Ĵ
ǡüͷһҶĻźӵеĶв˼ʧ֮ɫ
ӵеĶҶĻν쳣Ϥ
һӵɫҺ壬ҶĻеɫҺ壬һģһ
ӵеȴԶԶ޷ҶĻϵ
ӵеĶͯƽ˫Ҳ˼̰ڿҶĻʱ֪ΪȻһ˿̰ǿѹסˡ
䡭
ͻȻͯոѹе̰ʱһ쳣ǿΣֱϮԺ
ֻվǰҶĻ֪ʱѾתǹϽɫƣֱָͯüĺĿڡ
һž޴Ʊѵǹܷɳֱͯȥ
ʲôһƬȣͯû뵽ҶĻȻ¶֣鼱֮£ͯҲʵ±۷Ƽǿ߻ҪǿĴϢȫ
ǿİ£ͯٶһأ֮յıܿƱѵ
ǹֻҶĻĿθС˰ˣͯոձܿǹҶĻǹ
һΣҶĻϵ㡣
áˡɴ˫ۣΣʹ֣ͯϵĴϢٶ
ʱͯûǣκ˶ΪǰʥǿߣϵĴǿȫʥ
γָͯ棬裬Ȼһ㽫ҶĻƱѵȫɢ
ȻһΣȴٲȻһƾ֮
ţ
ͻȻҶĻüͷһʮĿԶһۣ漴ͯ׼ó汾֮ʣֻҶĻȻûκԥĴԶȥ
λƣ£ҶĻʧͯߵУϢҲʧ
ԶӰ߼ٱ
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ձߣüкɫƯŮӣݺ¡
ô¡ԸΪλô㶯֡ͯǰԴŭ˵
ߣСˡҡҡͷͯ˿ԶһĹԶǵеķ⣬ȻҲֵطҡڵĶҳ֡
ȳ֣¾ȵĺ˳
ھһ̽һҲܻû˶ֱӾͶҳˣĽҲҵԤϣһֱ󣬾ȻҲκγֵĻᣬʱ޿̶ڱ߾衣
ߣȻĲУǾǹĶ֡һ̬ԵͻȻųһɱ⡣
˭Ҳûϵ߾ؾȻƶ񤣬ëûУǲնСӣǴбǰһˣװðôΣա
˵ˣһСӣϵĶʬ㡣˵꣬ʮĿͯ
Ȼ˵ͷʱ̰ͯ⡣
ҶĻǺǺǣֻҪõ㣬ұܹԽͨɽɾͰʥ֮ǺǺǡ

ԶλҶĻ֣ٱȥ
䡭
ͻȻĺҶĻУЩģв𶯵ĵ棬ǽڣԼλʥǺޱȫơ
ǾλʥһҶĻԺ̸ֳĵͼ
һҶĻв֮ɫ֣ãֹоҵһŴš
λʥ֣֮ܺǿǺһڴսҲӲһʱ䣬Ǻʮ׵ĴҲַӱ㱻Ǵ򴩡
֪оҵһŴܳŶá
ڵѾʮԣ߾ʵ˻δ򿪵о⣬߾ؿν쳣ƶ񤣬ҲκõĶԶǿڳʱһ㡣
߾Ψһбĵطпܱоҡ
Ҫ졭һҪ֮ǰоңȻһ˾Ͱˡ
һƬҶĻάλ棬Ųɴܣٶȳоұȥ
оһţҶĻĿǾĶŴš


481 ֲ
㣬㣬ٿ㡭
·ϲ˿ͣЪ߲ĺͽµ𶯸УһֱڴߴҶĻ
һ·񱼣ʮӺҶĻͣ
ʱҶĻǰһֻʮ׳ͨͨͷҶĻĿ꣬оҶŴš
վͨڣҶĻԾܹоڲ𶯣ܹһ˴ͨ챬
ʥַͬСɣϣҵĲ²ȷġ
˽ɫҶĻͨһһȥ
һϢ֮ҶĻͨͷȸߴĶŴǰ
ŴէһȥĵشŵʵؼһģһȴԺأƺܵϸȥͻֶᷢŴŵĲʺĵشĴȫȻͬ
᲻ɴݡ
ϸȥ޷κõĶȴһּ᲻ɴݵĸо
ҶĻףⲢǴģΪλʥ֮£һŴŶʮӣȴԾûн򿪣ɼŵļᶨ̶Σ᲻ɴһҲš
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û취ˡҡҡͷҶĻȴţʧ
ҶĻһö֮ǰ۷ƼǿһöĵشĴţڽ뵽ҶĻ㱧һ˿
еԴоҵĴţʱŴŵȴҶĻ롣
ƽ
ŴһƬƽϸҲκΰݣ˵ǲһöһҲ岻ȥ
ѵֻܵЩʥǿ߽ź俪ٽȥǳʣµ𣿡
ԶǿµĶȫǱЩʥһȥ»Իȳ֮ƽڲϯһգ˵ǹͷʣ¡
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ҶĻóöɢŨϢ˿ţȻٿ˿еεҡҡͷһƬʧ
ǡ
ͻȻҶĻʧ֮ʣ΢֣ҶĻע
ҶĻĿ£᲻ɴݵĴϣ봦Ľʼȥ¶һۡ
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ޱȾϲǰİۣҶĻ㾪
Կ׿סԿ׿ס
ԶǿƾȻأֻнԿó󣬴ŲŻӦҽԿ׿ֳ
ҿһ۾ߣ˵Ե
һԡ
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ʲô
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һ˲䣬ҶĻȫǰľˣ˵Ĵͷβױ𾪵Ըӡ
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㳡ĸ߶Ҳʮֿţ߶һǧףȥͬ޾ͨһ㣬˳ԡ
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ڹ㳡ܣҶĻվ֮⣬ĶڣȻڱһźŴŵͨͷ
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ͷ˽ǣ̹򣬻ȫһƬƬƬͨΪɫ󼸺Ϣֻɢš
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ꡭԭأżԼϢĿֲƣҶĻоȻ쳣ǿҵ⡣
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⽫ҶĻѣֱʱҶĻŷֻ֣ڵϣȻûκϢ
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ʵǰҶĻǿеľ£ʼһһֻȥ
ˡˡ
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վצ·ҶĻһֻ۵ϣʮС
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˿ڿˮҶĻ֣Լַֻצϡ
죬ҶĻʼָϵľ֮ɫҲʧ
Ѿˡڵϸȫֹͣͬһ̶ˮκζ
Ҳԣֻǲµ߾ѱﻹֵõǰ̽
˲ͷΪŶֵ亹ҶĻһ
ָ̬ҶĻƿֲֻʬ壬ſʼϸ޴㳡
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üͷҶĻУٴοʼϸڹ㳡в鿴Źκһط
ʮӺҶĻصֲʬԡ
ڹ㳡еطҶĻʲôûз֣ʬͷһԣҶĻȴһȤĶ
ǡǰĵ棬ҶĻüϲ⡣
ϣһۣһͶŴϼһģһȴİۡ
ѵһԣӦ
һҶĻԥֱóԼõĵһö˽ȥ
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ҶĻȴûˡ
ȥ󣬵ûж
⡭ô£ͷҶĻûжĵ棬һʱ֮Ҳ֪Ǻá
ˣ᲻ͻȻҶĻһ¡


482 
ǰûκζ͵棬ҶĻԺвֳһ档
ĵشоҴŴʱĻ档
оҺĵشżʱ״Կ׵еĺȫڱŷɡ
ӦǴöȻö߼ȴûκδͬһ֮
ʮʵҵУдҪӦöҪĴ
һԡ
ȭͷҶĻϽ֮ǰõСóСóһɫҺ壬ڲϡ
Ρ
һ̷֣ת䡣
ҶĻڵõöʱöνβҶĻúҲκһ˿
ʱһɫҺ䣬ֻͽȫ˿˿쳣΢⣬һɫҺ˲㱻մ
áá
ȭͷҶĻ˷ֱ֮Ӿ˳
һҪЩʥǿ߽֮ǰ򿪡
ûκԥҶĻӵеɫҺһһηϡ
ʱ޵׶һ㣬ҶĻɫҺ壬ܹ˲һգ˺棬ҶĻӵеɫҺȫȥ
һӵɫҺ壬ٵΣ㹻ҶĻ˲ָٴΣһɫҺ嵹Уȴֻʹ͵ϵǿһЩˡ
޵׶ҵҪն١
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ʱҶĻɭǱߵõᾧѾȫһգָеɫҺһңյĴƺ
⺣Ĺ£ʱҶĻѾȫ֡
͵ɢ쳣ҫۣ˷Բ׵ķΧ

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ͻȻһɫҺ屻ȫ֮ʣԭֻܸǷԲ׵˲䱩ǰٱ
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ˣǿˣ浽ʲô
վԭأҶĻֱӽܹ˲佫˫۴Ϲ⣬һƬࡣ
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ͬҶĻ֮ǰõһڴ㹻󣬻ΪһмʱҶĻֱһ׵ĵطȴѾ˺ڽɫ
ǡ
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䡣
ҶĻոͨʱһͻȻԹ㳡𣬱ķһŴڵķ
ͱһֵģоŹ쳣ǿ󣬼ޱ޼ʵơ
ʱһСʱĺλʥ֮£ǽһŴų״򴩡

𣬾λʥոսŴ򴩣ٶȳŹ㳡
Ӻ󣬾λʥײ㳡
ҶĻһʮ˸ո㳡ȫľסˣǹ㳡Ŀֲʬ壬þλʥҶ
⡭ʲôƬ̣־ȻعЩͰ͵˵
ʥˡֻҵĸоȻʥһǿ󣬵߾ؾȻǿء
ࡣ
۷׷ףλʥǿһʱ֮ȫͣԭأǰ
죬һλʥǿ߷Ӧ˹ԣϸһֻѾˣûбҪ¡
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λʥһѣԸӦֲֻ̽ȥ̽ĽλʥҶĻһȫЩŵĸо
ˣֲֻѾˣֻһʬ塣
ҺˣּĴǻţǾ֣ܲԱ⣬Ҫնɱǳ˵Ρ
ţȻѾˣϿһңΪ߾صĵشһдı㡣
˻֣־ɴһ漴˷ͷжʼ㳡ϸ
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ţþΪµ鷢ˡ
ҫ۵ҫЩԵðһȫͬһطȥ
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漴ֲϳһŻӵеϢţֲֻﶯˡ
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á
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𡣡
䡭
ŭ𣬿ֲͬķײźͨڣҪȥһжù
ײоȻڻζȴ˿Ҫ˼ÿһײֻܹͨײһ׵İۣڳ׵ͨԣ޼¡

ʮ󣬾λʥ˳
գ벻Ȼܹ˲ͷϵ亹һλʥǿµĿźͨ
ʥˣʵԿʥˣҺʵ̫Ӵ޷ȻǾ֣ҲҪ
ô졭ѵȥڣǵʵ޷ȥ˵ǽСͨ


483 ۰׹
ߣȥ˳Ц𣿡һߣ־ɵɫԵ쳣䡣
־ɲˣ˶ǵһν߾أǿֶ飬˾˵ʲôҲ̫Ȼ־ȴǵڶνˣȻȫ׼ڴ˴εĶ鵱е·ˣΪҪĽɫ֮һٶȿֶ飬»ᱻЦ
ȥ˵ô죿ѵȥԸһͷʥ˵һԵһλʥֱ䲻˵
ҪȥĻԼȥǾ֣һжסȥ˼ֱ
ҿǻȥطתһתɣ˵벻ջ񡣡
ִ򲻹ٶ༸أ־Ƴһۣһ㲻̫߼ܹ֮ͬ
Ǿ֣ٽʹҲ񷽲˲ˣǴԾۼЩʥ֮µˡ
Щ˶ԸȤֻҪֶνϢųȥҪ˶ãۼǿߣʱЩ˺ǹͬȻ԰ͷնɱ
⵹һð취˵ͷѾͬˣǾ˵ʵټһƼƼµǿߣ˽ʱʵ޷ͷնɱ˻ûġ
ڳǰע⵽ˣʥȫͬǿԼ壬ȻսʥˣĺʥȣЩѷɫ
취Ужɡ
ھͶ֡
˷׷׵ͷͬ־ɵ飬漴ֻλʥ̷ɢʼԼֶνϢٴȥ

Ӿλʥоң˳оңԷͷжһֻ˲ӵʱ䡣
ӺҶĻԾͨС
ֱֻͨһңȴ޵׶һ㣬ףҶĻһֱͨӵʱ䣬Ҳûеִﾡͷ
浽׷ʲô£üͷҶĻδͨ飬̧ͷϷ
ſֲ︴;λʥĳ֣ȫǿͨҶĻȻ
ǴɡҸղžȻоһ쳣ǿϢͷֲϳ֡
òǸ˰ɡ
пܡԶǿųǿƼչ̶ѾԶԶҵ֪νԶǿпֻһ״̬
ʮԵĸо뵽浱еĴֱˣ⺣Ĵпܱǽֲ﻽ѵĹؼ
Ҳҵڹؼʱָ̻жҵסλʥΪȡ˲ʱ䡣
ֻǲ֪ͨͷʲô
üͷҶĻ˲ӿٶȣȫٿʼ·䡣
ηɴܣֻҶĻխСͨд󾢷磬ٶȸǿס
άż״̬һӺҶĻ˫ǽӴ˵档
顣
Ƶ֣ҶĻ˫ȣվܡ
⡭ǡ
ɴ˫ۣҶĻֱԭء
ʬǡ
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ңЩʬǵĹ໹һʵһģһ
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һعͷϣȻ˿˿âȻĹͷҶĻֿһعͷ
Ĺͷ
ҶĻȷһعͷģһʵġ
֣ٿüͷҶĻתߣʼɨΧʬǡ
Щʬǵ״໹һʵһģһʵȴΪңеĺһģһеķŽеĺʯͷһӰһ֡
оңԶǿоʲô
еĹͷҶĻԼڵĵطɻˡ
ʱҶĻڵĵطԾһ㳡һ漸һ޴ľ͹㳡㳡ȴǱʬǣ֮
ͻȻҶĻоָг˿˿춯
ǡһݣҶĻԼĴָоȻ˼ΪϤĸо
ָоҶĻڽ֮żͨʱֹҶĻڽڶʱǹ
ʱԶҶĻͨʱҪǿҵö࣬ҶĻĽָڲͣĻζ
ںڶгֵȻöġ
ʲô
ɫҶĻҲһصʬǣվԭֱӱ鿴ԼĴָ
ոսָڲռ䣬ҶĻ㿴˵ʲô
һֻаָ׸ǴСɫʯͷʯͷѾҪҶĻˡ
ʯͷԴǳ죬޼һطӵʷǿĶâϵĶâʯͷе˳ҶĻ񵽣һֱҶĻ˷ʯͷ᲻ɴ⣬ûзκôԱ㽫ڽָУڵڼҪˡ
ʱɫʯͷϣɢŵİ׹⡣
ԶǿʲôϵóʯͷҶĻһɻ
âǵˣȻ˵ȷʵԶǿ壬âѾԶǿʧųˣ嵱гĶӦúԶǿйذ
ԡâ⡣
һ˲䣬ҶĻ뵽˶â
ܹöâʵ˲ӾŽױ󽫼󽫼ȻǾʧսıѾȫ˿ѧ֪
ʵϸĳǲȫĴԳǱʶԿȵȣһϵѹȫâӣֱӴӾŽ˴󽫡
âһֱΪҶĻҲΪʱҶĻȴ뵽Զǿ
âʵ嵱һϵ޷õѧ͵飬ȫԺԶǿҹ
⡭⡭İɡ
ôȿʲôʯͷ
ҡҡͷҶĻȥ˫еʼɨ˱ʬĹ㳡
һһɨҶĻгʬǾֻʬǣûпκ
䡭
ͻȻһҫ۵޷ݵĹâҶĻ˫ۣһ̣ҶĻ˫Ŀֱӳ˶ݵʧ
ɶ񣬸ղŵʲôһɫҺ壬Ҳɢֹâʲô
˫ĿգҶĻද˫ۣҪԼ۾ָ
׹ʵ̫ҫۣҶĻ˫һֱ˽ӣ𽥻ָ
Ǳߡʲô
߿ǰʬǣҶĻֱԼ׹ķȥ
һ·ܵ޴㳡룬ҶĻͣ
ŵϵʬǣҶĻ鼫Ϊࡣ
ĶԲͨĹߣҵ˫һʹãֻڳӦʱŻῴâղš
һɫҺ壬Ѿ൱һǧʥһʱǿ̶ֳȵҵ۾Ҳָղ
ЩâܹҿЩâ涨Ȼǿǿ߳տľ
пܱԶǿûдߵоɹ


484 ɫС
䡣
ҶĻֱһȭ˵ʬϣֻըѣҶĻ˲һӡ
䡭
ȭ裬ҶĻ˿ͣЪþȫһȭһȭŵϵʬǡ
һȭȭȭ
ʮȭҶĻѾʬǵĵһ׵ĴӣȻ׹ҶĻȴԾûмڴӵײҲʬǡ
ôܣʬǵ׶˶񡣡üͷ΢壬ҶĻЩȵĿŴӵĵײ
㳡һٸ򳡴СѾʬǣЩʬǵĺȳףôﵽ˶顣
ԺתҶĻԸȥ֡
ˣҵĶ˵
ҡҡͷҶĻƽľٶȻȭ
䡭
ٶҶĻһֱӶʮȭͣ
ٴλӶʮȭҶĻѾһٶ׵Ĵ󶴣ֱʱҶĻھʬǵײ㡣
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վڴײ㣬ʱҶĻĽѾûʬǣȡ֮һɫ档
顭
ҶĻҽŲ˲ȵ棬
жӦþһˡ
ԡ
ҶĻóһذףС˳ŽΧʼи
ҶĻϵǣ沢ûôӲ
ҶĻҪһ˿ȻҪһʱ䣬Ͼʮʵǽڣ棬Ƕ㣬ȫӲޱȣȻʵȴǡǡ෴
ȫӶֻҶĻ㾡ȫ£ذ׾ȻֱӲȥҡ
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Ƿڴ˵أǷڵĻҶĻԻΪһ辰
˿֮·һķСռ䣬ռ䵱УһֻҸߵС
СͨΪɫȻʮְС辰һ㣬ȴ֦ҶïϸȥܹѾǧɫҶԵʣСΧһ͸ֽš
էһȥСԵЩɰΧʬǼΪ
⡭ʲô
ԣǡ
ɻУͻȻҶĻϳֳԾɫ
СȻ͹һģһɫ⣬ֱĹ
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УҿĶ
ͷԴɻҶĻ֣Сץ˹ȥ
û
ҶĻǲ͸ʱȻûиоκʮ׵ر㴩˹ȥץסɡ
䡣
˲䣬һ쳣صĸоҶĻͷ
ĺһ㣬ҶĻץɣǿҶĻ޷ݵͣӿҶĻ塣
Ǵȹս·ǿŹҪŨʮĸԴһ㡣
ΪҶĻһһС
⡭
죬ҶĻգգۣؿС
⵽ʲôս·ĹҲ޷ѵԶǿоɹ𣿡
ݣô˵
ƲƲ죬ҶĻҲȥץסСҪγ
СĸʮֹŹֻ֣ж̶̼ȫƯڿУСסҶĻʮ׵ر㽫С˳
䡣
ͻȻûҶĻССԽĹɢըһ㣬ǧ֮һ룬ɴ⵽µ͹㳡˳ͨͣ졣
ʮ֮һѾϷľ͹㳡
һɢоҡ
ʲô
ĵشģﵽ׷ʲô顣
ȥϿȥʥҲܾ߱һܹʥ˶Ϊ֮ľ
߾ôƶ񤣬ԭӵĵ߾ظҪЩ
оɽûһʱ䣬нĵشǿȫоҿʼ񱼣ǾλʥҲ⣬ĳ֣ʹþλʥͷ˿˿

վĺУҶĻëԺгǰδеʸУҶĻ᲻ýС
УһҪ
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ԴҶĻִɫʯͷһֱɢŵİ׹⣬׹쳣ǿҵʯͷȴûκжֱʱʯͷһοʼж
ʯͷٶʵ̫죬ҶĻӦʯͷѾӴ˽ɫС
һֻ̣ɫʯͷȻ谭뵽˽ɫСС
ɫʯͷ룬ɫС𽥳˼ɫ
ӶâڵʯͷĺԶǿйϵ
ҶĻŶĽɫСҡҡͷ漴Ҫ
ȻҶĻȴ־ֵɫ
ûзӦָ޷СսȥӦ˵ýɫСҶĻϣΪҶĻһָ֣޷սȥ
ʱϸȥͻ֣ᷢҶĻƽӴСĵطɫСѾʼҶĻƤ롣
һ֣̾ҶĻһ亹
Ȼ˵ҶĻΪ滯߱ԵԣСʱҶĻĻȴκζ
ⶫôаţԶǿĶ治
á
һƬҶĻֻоСһɳǿ䵽ԼͷţҶĻľ㿪ʼ
ô£
ҡҡͷҶĻеСԽԽģ
ҶĻվԭأˣʱҶĻѾȫ˹ȥҶĻеĽɫСȴûͣסǼҶĻ壬ٶ쳣

Сʱ
ʱоҵΧȥλʥʮ⣬Ѿۼ˶ʮǿߣʮǿߵһС붼Ƽǿߣ¾Ϊǿߡ
ʮ˼ϾλʥףһʮˣʮȫվһŴŵͨڡ
䡭
վԭأʮԾܹͨڲֲײͨľ
شҶ룬ҪȥĻһҪ㾡ȫɲöԸ
ʼ
һۣ־ȿʼת
漴ֻǿȫʼתǿĴϢʼ֡
ʮʮϸԳһâ


485 ں
ʮ붯ֻ֣âȫſл۶ȥ
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ɢһ̣âʧʱʮϣһΪŹֵϢ
ǺǺǡƾȻܹͷѹ
ȭͷʮϺĿֲ־Ե쳣š
ν𣿡üͷмװʥķ뾡쳣ȡ
ȻʱڽʮλǿߵʵȫϣԿѪޡ
־ɺͷ뾡ˣλʥʱȫһţʮλǿʵܺͣǸо֡
ʱԳСʱ㹻ˡ
Ǿ˴ͷվںȶͳһСʱھ޷նɱûġ
ߡ
һۣԾλʥͷʼ벽ͨڲȥ
ʮŲͳһһʱĽŲͬһһ㣬ûһ˿ҡ
̤̤̤
䡣
谵ͨУ˵ͳһŲͿֲײͨͬʱԵúǹ졣
죬ͣ½Ų
֡
һ־ɺͳһһͬʼǰٿ񱼡
ʱֲԾڷײźͨڣԭƽҾׯ֮ͨѾͷֲײĿȫǣͨݽȥ˰ףڸо˵Ϣ󣬿ֲķǱ
䡭
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ֻλʥ˲ɳͨеľŰѱ볯ſֲ﹥ȥ
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ʮȫвʣһվԭأ˼ĿǰĶڣŴͨдı
վԭأΪĶȹ˰Сʱ
ţԡͻȻһʥǿüͷûио

ԣ̼о񣬿ʼ֪оҵдӴ
ġȻٶȺٶȴڲϱ졣
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֪ܸое㲻̫Ծ
Ҳһ
һоʮλǿ߶ЩĻţһɴ˫ۿͨҪ޾谭ıﵽ׷ʲô顣

ͬһʱ䣬о·ʬĹ㳡룬ʱҶĻںϽɫСѾ˹ؼʱ̡
ҶĻһվԭأִɫСɫСİ˳ɲλȴѾҶĻ嵱УҶĻüĴ˿˿̫۵Ľɫ·

ͻȻһС籩֣ԭٶ쳣ĽɫС˲ӿٶȣۿɼٶȿʼҶĻ롣
ٶȼӿ죬СɢĺϢҲʼ
ٶԽԽ죬ϢٶҲԽԽ졣
ӺСѾ뵽ҶĻ嵱УɢϢǱֻзŵİٷ֮һҡ

ڶ籩֣Ѿֻʣ¼öҶӵĽɫСȫûҶĻڡ
ںɣһ̣ҶĻ˫ۡ
ʱҶĻ˫Ѿȫ˽ɫ
ܰ˫ֱͷҶĻδκɫʹࡣ
˵⵽ô¡ܰ
˫Ŀ𽥳ѪΪѪɫʱҶĻоԼһοʧ
ʧĸԴҶĻΪڵ
ɫС̺ļҶĻƽս·ǿþ͹Ҳ޷ͽɫСڽɫСȫҶĻں󣬺֪
ڵҶĻһҪը򣬱뽫ڵĺųȥȻҶĻᱻʧҶĻǱʶұ


486 ֲս

˫ֱͷҶĻڵأϲҽš
ʱҶĻֻоԼȫ¿Ҫըһ㣬壬ҴܣҶĻǡ
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ڵϣҶĻ˫ȭ󣬲ʱֵǣҶĻеѪɫȻԼٶȵȥ
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üͷ΢壬ѾȫǱʶ֧ҶĻоȻЩɫ
һ˿ɫһţɫʧǰҶĻѾж
ֻҶĻûκԥ˫ǹŴŵͨȥ˲ʧоҵС

ҶĻȥоҵеϢѾȫʧʱоҵУֻʣĸϢ
죬ȫʧվһŴŷӦ
ҪҪȥһλʥ䲻˵
ҾӦýȥһ
࡭ҲӦýȥ˿ڿˮһλʥ˵
һ߰ɡ
һۣλʥ̤ͨһһȥ
˶ǿҲԥһͨ
һ·Уĸ²Ϻ濾ʮλǿߣӺλǿ߳ͨ˾͹㳡С
𾪡
ž͹㳡ӣʮȫԭأһ
ʱ͹㳡ѾȫģԭȾ͹㳡Ȼսƻ˲٣滹һƬףżׯ֮⣬ʱ͹㳡ȴѾһƬڡ
ǽڣ棬ȫһƬڣȻ𾪵ģǹ㳡롣
㳡룬һǧĴӣڴӵ룬һ߼޷ľ޴ʬ塣
ǿֲʬ塣
һʮ׵ľ޴ϣƬһأɫƤѾɽɫͷϰֻϣϵĹ򱳴ȫĥƽζɢš
룬һֱʮ׵Ĵȫᴩ󶴴
࡭
˿ڿˮһλʥǰֲʬ壬ֱӺ˼
ôܡͷȻʥ˰Ĵڣսȴʥˣǵбչصʥ˳֣ҲܹڶʱڽʰղųֵĵʲôȻӵʵ
ҿҿǻǸϽ߰ɣųֵʵ֮ǿֱ죬˵ʲôʱͻᱻնɱ
߾أ治֪ﵽ׻ʲôܡ
ʮ˵дǿ߶Ѿ⣬Ҫ뿪ȻǾλʥȴ˿⡣

ͻȻ𣬾λʥ붯߲ԶСͨڡ
ֱʱµǿ߷ŷӦһеʧȥ


487 
·ʬǵĹ㳡ʮλǿͬҶĻһȫԭأľȫסˡ
˱ԶԶؿҶĻʬǶѵڳĴӡ
ʲô
ȥ
δܶʮλǿ߽ܳ˹㳡Ĵӡ
еμһĿȻ
ٿıʬǣ˿˿ǿϢͼϢдӵײĤԼ˿Ľ㡣
Щ棬һ˲䣬˶ô¡
һڲ֮ǰ
ѵղ潫ֲնɱࣿɴ˫ۣһλƼǿȾ˳
пܣЩʬıӦǱǿȡˡ
ﵽʲô

ͻȻûϣ־ɺһλʥǿٶȳͨ۶ȥ
־ɺһλʥĶһֲĲ˵С
಻ҲпһʵͨǿֻǰʥΪʼնû˷һλʥ˼ĴҷŴﴫȥϢȻʥ˵Ϣ
еĵڶ룬ﱦܡ
һλʥ˵ǿߣｫȡߣñնɱĿֲ
һ̣ÿ˵϶޾̰⡣
ܹնɱıĴڡ

µڶǿ߲˿ԥϷȥ
ܹնɱʥ˵ıֻҪһ˿ᣬЩ˶Ź

һСʱʮʵҵƿУҶĻ
ʱҶĻüĴĽɫ·ԾɴڣҶĻȴѾûЩɿƵļϢǵЦҲԵ֪ҶĻѾȫָ

죬ҶĻ³һɫ漴ҶĻ˫ۡ
ûˡЦҡҡͷҶĻԵú⣬Ҳ֪СǲԶǿûдߵоɹȻװױҡ
ʱҶĻѾָ˽СʱСʱʱ䣬ҶĻԼСҲ˼˽⡣
ɫСѾȫҶĻÿһƤÿһÿһϸУҶĻȻһ壬ͨƿҶĻҲ˽˼ںϺĹЧ
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ں֮һйЧΪҶĻı£ҶĻļȴҶĻǱʶ浽˻УѾΪһ壬һж鷳ҶĻͻȻֹͣǿΪСе
ϾЩʵ̫ӴҶĻʹһʱỹû⣬ʱ΢һᱬ
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һҶĻʱѾ۷嶥ǿߣں£ҶĻֱӱ۷塣
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ڵҶĻѾСǿһ޶ֻҪǱ˲룬ܹڼ̵ʱڻָ
ǺöȭͷҶĻԵ쳣˷ܣڵһǴֻͣҪǿߣǴʥΧҪնɱң˵Ƿǳѡ
ЩϧҵԶԶСֻʹ֮һҪȵҳΪǿʱܹСܡ
Ȼ֮һҲѾˣȱģǻָ
˫ȭ󣬴ʱҶĻνš
ڶʮͼĴڣټѪžѧһĻָôҶĻʵʼʽڵҶĻоԵİգնɱͨʥ
ҲʱȥˡЩʥһϺ꣬㲻ǾܹƲʵ
뿪ʮʵ˵
˶ҶĻվֱӴ뿪˵ƿҡ
ʮʵҵͨڵҶĻԣûжѶȡ

ʮʵңʮƫͨ
ӿݵĵ棬ߴͨȫʵأʮƫͨͨûʲôڵʮƫͨĵϣȴͨȫͬ
Ѫʬ塣
ڵʮƫͨĵϣһ߾ʬ壬ʬ嵱ѪѾȫĵȾ˺ɫ
һʮһʬ塣
ͨͷһվӵһѪɫ̣ϣһӣȫӵĺ̴
ɫۣ˧ӣѪ˫ɢ쳣ǿѪϢ˿˿⣬ټе̣ǵڶʮʵҵˣ˶
ΪһҲҵңϧ
Ŀǰӣ˶Ļв˿
Щ˶ɱġ
㡭㡭ź˶ȫᴩӽͰ͵˵û˵꣬Ѿˡ

ƲƲ죬˶ֱӵʬӳȥ漴ϵһСӡ
СӵУװһӵɫҺ塣
Ϊô㶫ҲҶҳ֣һȺûϵ
۱صʬѪ˶һʬ·̲ɾ漴󲽳ǰн
طνɵġ޷ʹκֶ̽ΣֱԹüͷ˶һߣһ
ҽѾʱˣȴҲκͷ֮ǰ˶ȥˣ
ţ
ͻȻ˶ͣ½ŲҲ࿴˹ȥ
ѪϢȻȴԲġ
κʹùѪǿߣ嵱жһϢһЩǧڣҶܹо֮⣬ѪӦֻһ
ҶĻ
ؽҧ˶ϵѪϢ˲䱩˫ĿеɱǽʵʻɼҶĻѾ޵˺̶ֳȡ

һ˶˿ԥһ·Ϣķʼ񱼡
ֻ˶ոնϵʮͬʱըѣһѪɫͨĹ޷κȫѪ档

˭
һݣڼ۵еҶĻǴ޾ɱĺͣ˽Ų
ţҶĻоһɼżֺޱѪϢ
ϢǺ˶Ǻ˶Ǹ˵벻ȻûʵȻǿ˵ز
ãʵոձ˵նɱڴˣһݡ
ͬɱ⣬ҶĻóתǹԼٶȳź˶Ǳ߳ȥ
˵ֱ߾ֻвǧףҪ棬ȴҪʮͨ
ʮҶĻͣ½Ų
ʱҶĻվĵط֮ǰڵһƿҵõİȫͨͨѾȫرա
վͨڣҶĻϼƽɫ治ðһĿͨͷ

̶ľ𣬲ڷ֮ǰҶĻȸоģȴޱɱѪζ
𽥱ѪζɱԽŨڣһӰͨͷ


488 һ浹
ٺٺ١ҶĻּˡ
ͷߣ˶ִ̣۽ѪɫҶĻ˿˿ɱⲻš
ּˣҪɱ㣬ǲסҶĻϳ˿˿Ц⣬˿˿ɱЦ⡣
ٺٺ١

̬һЦ˶ͻȻһϰٴͬʱըѣһѪм䣬漴ֻ˶֮ƳҶĻ͹ɢ޾ɱѪϢ
ʱں˶ϼѾоκκ⣬Ļ˱ʵı仯һ㣬ȫѪϢȡ
Ȼ˶һ֣ʹѪԼܹѪӵĽɾѧ
˫ֱ壬˶һвκλڣֻ򵥵ֱ̣򵥵һ̣ȴӵаʥǿȫһܡ
䡭
̶ıŷ˶ѾֱҶĻüġ
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һߣҶĻ˿η壬еתņ̀𣬽ɫ˲乹ɣѾ޴Ľɫתǹ衣
һɫ
ʱҶĻͬ˶һһֱɱУֱʹʮͼѪ־ʹǹͬ߱˰ʥǿߵܡ
ǿԳ壬ҶĻƱѵ˶ϵķ˼ʽҲκθı䣬ֻһζĳҶĻ
顭
һֱ̣ӽ˶ᴩֵȴˡ
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⽫˶嶴󣬺˶ǰǾ޴˿ھȻԼٶȻָţǰ˿ڣϰٴըѵƣҲһ߻ָһըѣһָٶҪԶըѵٶȡ
ʲô
һź˶Ǳ̬ĻָٶȣҶĻ뵽ʲô
ں˶չԼĻָٶʱҶĻܹʮԵĸоԺ˶ϴһ쳣ǿҴ⵽µĴϢ
ϢǴϢ
һﵽ׵õʲô
оȲѣҶĻµĶȴδֹ֮ͣ࣬ҶĻһת˺˶˫̡

ͻȻҶĻһڽɫɴܶҶĻϿػ𹹼ܵʮֻ湹ܷɵļ»
裬˲˶ǰβ̫׳˶ĺ˶ԭء
СҶĻˡ
˫Ŀеķɲ˶һſĿҶĻûнС
ȡ
ŭһֻԭϰٴͬʱըѵĺ˶һѪ
Ѫĳ֣Ϊ˶˼ֲҰףѪȴ˲䱩һ
վڱѪУ˶ԵüΪģ졣
һ̣ҶĻʮֻ湹ܷΪһ¯ĺɫ׶ѣΪ˿˿ڽɫڿɢ
㲻ҵĶ֣ҵĶ֣ƾСҲɱҡ

ĴЦţ˶ҲԼѪ˫ֱӱ㳯ҶĻ
һΣٶȾȻһء
ԭˡ
ֱĺ˶ŶԷϵļ´ϢҶĻ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
һ˲䣬ҶĻ˵˱ֲ͵֮ǰΡ
ڴͿʼ֮ǰҶĻʮļǵãӴսλϵڣ֮ˣ޴İɫǱ˴ɷ棬ֻһЩ
µҶĻȴδЩѸټʱҶĻΪǱֽˣڿʮа˾ЩӦǱ˶ߣںϽ嵱С
ʱ˶ɢļ´Ϣ͵ǿðɫһģһûκβ
ߣںһЩдƷѡ
Ŀ״ĺ˶ҶĻǱ߲˼Ʋм֮⡣
䡣
˲䣬ֻҶĻϰٶദͬʱըѣ־ɻҪǿٵƣҶĻϿӿ
ʮͼʱҶĻѾóԼȫʵʮͼѪͬʱ߶ʵּʽı
ʮͼѾҶĻļޣӵָҲһΪһҶĻʹڶʮһͼô˲䱬ը޷

δܶҶĻִѾ޴ɫתǹ˫۽ź˶һһȵ˶˹ʱֻҶĻֻŲ˺˶ķһ
ȫ̤ں˶·ߵäϣҶĻݺ˶ƶʽ
ʲôһѵں˹
䡣
һ˿գ˶ҲоҶĻӴϢûȷ룬ĺ㴫ĶС
ܹĿֲɫ˲˶ıֱ˶ȥ
˶õսУֶҲƲΣͷֻ˶ɫһ󳱺죬ͬʱɫֱദᴩ
ۡ
һѪ˶̷ֱˣҶĻ˾롣
౻ȫᴩȻû
ţ˵ʲôǲࡣɴ˫ۣһĻҶĻ㾪
ҶĻĻָԱȺ˶ǿҶĻԼ౻ᴩҲܻʱĺ˶ȴȻ
ȿȿȡ쵰
վͨͷ˶Ȼû״̬ȴе㲻̫Ծ
ȫڲദĴ󶴲κһѪɫֽͬһ㣬˫еѪǱ쳣Ȼ˶Ѿˡ
ʵ̫ʧˡ̤ҶĻִ˫ǹһһź˶ȥ˵Ʋѹ˶
ȿȿȡ
пѪ˶߹ҶĻͣȥʱȴǽŲ鸡·ԵЩѡ
ɶ񡣡
һֻ˶˫޾⡣
ߣ
һҶĻ˲㿴Է뷨漴ҶĻκԥеņֱ̀𣬶׼˶ϵǹ
䡣
ı֣ɫֱϮȥ
ͻȻ˶ϵѪٶ˲䱩Ϊ˿˿ѪˮУͬʱҶĻɫҲǰ
䡣
ӿɢ
һ󣬻泹ɢȥҶĻȴüͷվԭأɫԵЩ
ҶĻһˣ˶β֪ʱѾʧ
˵ӵжֶΣȻܹҵƤӵʧüͷҶĻ˫ɨܣҪҵ
ȴҶĻʧΧǧڣȻκλ
áһһӳҶĻС
ǰʥǰʥǿߵ
˵ز˾˶󡣡
ЩʵĿ˵ϵѪһۣ漴ҶĻηɴܣٶȳʮʵҵĳڱȥ
ڲͰʥֵʱȻ˵ҶĻ°ʥаնɱһͨʥҶĻһʥ֣ƱػʥλʥΧС
ҶĻֲǿߣҲûǿߵսȻС

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489 ּ
ҶĻ뿪󲻾ã֮ǰֻͨ׵һͨС
ʱͨԵվһѪˮӡ
֮ǰʧĺ˶
˶Ѫˮ¾ȻûжϢй¶һһ㡣
ȿȿȡɶ񡣡
ֻ֣Ѫˮһζȫڵϣ¶˱еĺ˶
ʱĺ˶ԵüΪңϲһ˿ѪɫƽʬӣԭѪ˫ʱһƬദĴȻѾָմԼѪȴԵ쳣վҲǳѾ
ɶ񣬴Ѫ廹ûɱǿʹã㱻Ū

һƨڵϣ˶ͣŴƣ
ҶĻ벻˵ʵȻǿ˳̶ȣһں˹ָһҪǿ󡣡
ô˵ģԲᡭ
ڵİɫϴѪ壬ȻܹǸ˵նɱֻҪɴѪ壬ȻܹնɱҶĻ
ؽҧԺ˶󼸺ܹʵʵɱͺӿʹͨйһ硣

ͻȻһ紵һӰ˺˶ǰ
λҶĻϰϢ󣬸İʥǿߡ
Сӣղ˭սһץ˶죬ʥǿޱʵ
˵˭ս˵ȥˡһĮʥǿ߿ź˶ͬһֻϡ

üͷ죬Ҫĺ˶˱飺ǰֻһͨƼǿߣոյͱսನˣ֪ȥ
ߣ˶
һѽ˶ڵϣʥǿͷҲصļǰȥ
磬ڰʥԣƼǿ߱ϣҪעҲҪ˼ɡ
ɶ񡭡˫ȭ󣬿Űʥȥķ򣬺˶ϵĺǱ
һССİʥҲῴңҵƺ֮󣬳ȥĵһ£ǽųնһкʶˣҶҪŰ
ʥһ޶Сһȥġ
顣
һȭڵϣɫĺ˶վҡҡλεĳͨͷȥɢĿֲɱ⣬ܹᡣ
̤̤̤
ͻȻŲ뺫˶ĶС
ЩŲ˶üͷ
ɶĸ˵ҧ˶ɫ쳣Ŀͨͷ
ʱĺ˶νµľˣЩҪʹˮˡ
վԭأ˶֣֮ͨͷ
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ŲԽԽأ𽥵ģӰͨͷ
һϣһ٣һƯŮӡ
ձŮģüȴ˿˿ɫ⼸ҪɱҶĻͯˡ
ͨͯڿ˶󣬹֮̾
ڿ˶鸡ĽŲ˾ûôˡ
λ̨ǡ
˹֣ͯǰҪʺ򣬲ڻû˵ʱͯȴסˡ
Ϊ˶ɢ֮
ġƬ̣ͯЩŵ˵
ͬʱվںҲһ㶣û뵽˶̵ʱڣڶûгΪʥǿߡ
⡭
գգۣͻȻͯг쳣ǿҵ̰֮⣬ڸܵ˶Ϣ̰Ǻڵſ
á
оϣĺ˶˵Ҫͷܡ
Ѿˣں˶ողʱͯѾóһͬ
ͯһҲһǿߣʬ㣬ϵĶ
һеıֱ˶Ĳ
ͯδϵĿϲ̰ȴѾ˵飬ԲŹ˶

ʮӺ
ʱҶĻѾ˾Լĳڸһ谵ͨڡ
Ӧþˡ
һʮڣӦʮţϣڵĴŻûйرա
ŲͣЪҶĻ谵ͨһһǰȥ
谵ͨ㲻ֻ̫ж̶ٶףôҶĻԣת˲һ̣ҶĻѾͨͷ
ֻͨͷһǽûκζ
һԡ
֣ҶĻǽ̽ȥ
ҶĻִǽʱֵ鷢ˡ
ֻҶĻ־ȻֱӴǽڡ
ԳȥĴȻš
˷һЦҶĻջ֣漴˴ǰûǽڵС
ǰڰһƬҶĻ޾ڰߣֻǸоһƬޣ綼ʧһ㣬ָоάֵʱȴ̫
һƬҶĻУҶĻ˫ѾӴ˵档
ʱҶĻվڽڲʮ֮⣬Ҳǵ߾صһͨľͷ
ֻҪҶĻͨٴͨͷϷ㣬ܹ뿪˵ˡ
ȻҶĻԼ֮ʱȴһƬ࣬˫ҲѾǹ˳һսơ
ǺǺǣҶĻ벻ûϹСϹˡ
ЦЦ֮Ǿ֮⣬֮д˿˿ζͼ΢ɲɱ⡣
Ҳ벻ǾȻһԵˡ˫ۣҶĻվԼԶˣͬ¶Ц⡣
ˣҶĻһҪĳ嶯ˣڶ̶һСʱʱڣȫǰ
˺ͺ˶һҶĻˣҶҶĻ֮һ棬Ȼɱ
벽һʵʥǿߵķ뾡
ǣüͷһ뾡Щ̫ҶĻ˼
Ҳգ˭ܹ㣬һҲûа
СӣԼ˽ᣬҪҶ֡
˫ֱ뾡վԭأϾӣ˿ҶĻС
ҶĻֻһͨĶǿߣô뾡ӵʱΪ൱еİ벽ǿߣӵа벽ǿߵܣ󽫺Ĳֱ࣬Զ
벽˼壬ѾЩǿߵܡ
νǿ޵еԭǿߣд˵еĶν
벽ǿߣųư벽ȻûɶνǵȴѾ˲ֽԶܹͨ⡣
Ҽǵϴμĳʱɱͬɱ˸Ǻ͹һ㣬β֮زز
һֻǰҫеЦ
˿˿ɫܶҶĻûκι˼ɡ
ߣСӣͷӲϷȥ
ҶĻĻ˭ĶУ޷ܣ˵ǸոճΪ벽ã緢ıķ뾡
˲У뾡κԥһӣƥľ㳯ҶĻȥ
ڷ뾡ֵ˲䣬ϴ͸ƱЩ͸ܹѳ
֮ǰ뾡ûгɾͰ벽ʱֻܸǽʱ
ɼһ̤벽һֺεȿֲı仯


490 
䡭
ɴܣ뾡ǰŴ͸ƵĳֱҶĻ
ɱ˺˶ɱֻϹҲһ
ߡ
۶ӣҶĻеתǹ˲䱻ɫѾ޴Ľɫתǹ
ͬʱҶĻڶʮͼѪȫת
ոճ֣㾡ȫ
ʲôɴ˫ۣ뾡оҶĻϱҪǿĿֲƣֱӾ˳
ߣǿΣվǰ벽ұ㿴벽ǿߵܡ
ȡ
һȣ뾡ȥƲϵ͸ֱӱɢƼܹҶĻϵ໥⡣
䡣
ֻɫͬ뾡еĳײ
͸ƺͽɫ˲ըѣͨǿɢ
죬ɢȥɫ͸ʧ
ʱ뾡ȻףҶĻһλǿߣΪ벽ǿߵȻףȫ·硣
ıķ뾡޷һС
ôôܡ
ŵԼʱµĺۼٿ˿еĳ뾡ϱȫռݡ

ͻȻڽɫͬʱֱ֣뾡ȥ
á
һݣ뾡ѹ͸է֣صס
䡣
ոձסıֻҶĻǹֱ֣뾡ϵȥ
䡣
һ̣뾡ȫɫΧ
Сӣ
ŭһ뾡ޱǿ͸ƾĽɫ˲ɢ᳤Ծǿ֮ٶȳҶĻ
һΣ뾡ѾûκαƤǱ˿˿ѪȻʹԲΪ۵Ľɾѧ
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𣬷뾡ոնɫⱼ㡣
ƾűԵʵ뾡ǿлӽɫɢƴ˸ƾС
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ҶĻ뾡Ļᣬֻվԭأͣؿǹֻһһɫ뾡
һ󣬴ͨѾ˻𺣵У뾡Ӱվǰ֧š
ȣҶĻѾռѹԵơ
ɶ񡭡
ǹ𺣲ʧֻǷ뾡϶Ĵӻ𺣵д
ǹһֱ˲һӵʱ䡣
ᡭͻȻҶĻü˿˿ϲ⡣
ԽǿĴڣϵԽ٣ǿļϵǻ᲻ϼ٣Ϊ൱еİ벽ǿߣ뾡ϵνǼ١
ڵҶĻֻϿĸ㣬㲻㣬ֻ㣬ֻһǷ뾡㡣
뾡ǰҶĻܹԵĿ뾡ǰ㣬뾡ڻ賤ʱȴʱ޿̶ڱǰսֲ㡣
ƴһӺҶĻǿ˷뾡ǰ©ʱ
ʱ򡭡
׼ʱҶĻԥĿ۶
䡭
á
һҶĻǹͬʱ뾡Ժг쳣ǿҵΣС
ˡ
ȵ뾡ӦҪٴסԼǰĿʱѾˡ
ᴩ𺣱һΪһ̣뾡ǰѾһȫᴩĴ󶴡
ֹУмɿŴ©

ԭأ뾡գգۣ˵ʲôֱӵȥ
뾡ûںϹ֮ĶʹýɾѧһӺѾ˲ƣټҶĻһǹѾȫ飬һλ벽ǿ߾նɱ
Ƿ뾡̫ҲҶĻս̫ǿҶĻĻָ̫̬
ʮͼѪͬʱ߶ҶĻʵѾѹ뾡һټҶĻıָ̬״̬һֱ۷壬˵뾡ǱҶĻġ
Ϲˡ
˲ͷϵĺˮҶĻ˫ǹ뾡ʬǰ
±ӱңȻɱһΡ
ʬһۣ뾡Ŀռ䴢豸ҶĻ̳ͨͷȥ
Ȼһ뾡аλʥǿߣҶĻɲĥ䣬һüλʥҶĻߣҲ߲ˡ

ߵսһߵսҲոս
ʮʵڲʱһͨе龰νѪޱȡ
أѪɽ֫ڵأٲȻһոշʬӡ
˿̣ͨУվһˡ
˹沿ݣƣձһͷĸɿݰɫ̷һƬҰףżưѪ⣬Ƽİһ㡣
ˣվԵüΪѾ
ȿȿȡȳѪ˶˫ֽӴ˵ϵѪ
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ֵˣֻϵѪƻһ㣬˳Ƥĸɿֲӡ
ͨеһѪѾȫһգͨеѪ˵Ҳκθı䣬ֻǰѪ΢ɲĶһ˿

Ŵһģ˲ǵĳԵһضϱȥ
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ץϱۣһ˲䣬ϱϵѪۿɼٶȿʼɿݣһӵĹ򣬶ϱ۱Ѿһعͷ
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ϱۣͷ­壬࡭һȫɵĶ
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ıʹ裬˵ĲҽңһֱСʱ˵Ĳҽз⡣
СʱȴѾȫʧȥΣκڿ󣬶Ϊࡣ
ɿƤ԰׵Ķ̷ӣһжԵܲϣΪؼΡ
ձֱӳ˼Ǵ̣˫۵Ĺ쳣ִʮָвֹǴ̴ܳ͹Ĺһʮ
էһȥ˸ߡ


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ԽһͨҶĻվͨͷ̧ͷϷİɫĻ
һҶĻ˿˿ɫܶתǹٴλΪ޴Ľɫǹ֧ǹڶ׼ɫĻһҶĻȴδſǹǾվԭء

ŴصĺҶĻӿϵĽɫǱ
Щɫȫǹۡ
ʮֻҶĻ˫˫ǹ˫ֿʼϵĲеľͻǹ֧ʱʧһ㡣
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ɫһ䣬ҶĻٿǹڲĳǿƱѵֱӿǹ
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ͨıһڽɫͬƺһ㣬˲ײڰɫĻ롣
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һ󣬰ɫĻȫȾɺڽɫ漴ֻĻһոպһͨСڡ

δܶҶĻ˿ͣЪ˳ŸոճֵСڱ˳ȥ
˻˻˻
ҶĻθոʧֻͨһʮУһʼҵŤ
һ󣬹ֹͣŤӰԭء
ʥǿߣȫǰʥǿߡ
ǿĲüͷһ壬һλʥЩɻ˵ԣǡ
һλʥʩչֶ̽Σ̽˿в
ĵشɢǹ߱ˡɫƽǿİʥǿ뾡ʬߡ
˲򴩹Ļ˳ȥһնɱһλͬеİʥǿߡ
ϵѪȵģӦøոߣڻ׷ϡ

׼׷ȥʱ쳣΢ĴϢǵĶС
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ֻԭڵѾȥķ뾡Ȼһ̧ץסһλʥǿߵĽ
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ȻǸڰʥ֮ǰСӡ
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׷ʱǱ㿼ǹᱦߵʵѾ϶նɱʥˣֻҪһ˿ϣǶһᱦʵʵٴ˥ˣôǱܹһλȸ
˷ӷ뾡е֪ᱦ߾ȻҶĻһֻаʥʵе̰˲ʢ˼Ҳʧ

Ļ⣬ʱм󽫼һʵǿߴ
Ҳ֪浽ôˣ֮ǰͻȻֵǿʲôҡҡͷһǿЩεĿǰĹĻǼ˵ʵ޷С
ʲôȻǱˣ߾ǧ겻в֪ӵжٹŴЩȥİʥǿ߶ȻǷʲô쳣ıأЩˣҲǶһˡ
ףǿ쿴Ļжˡ
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ԣһͬȥֻԭɫĹĻ֪ʱѾ˺ڽɫ
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˸ոȥԹĻ룬һһ˴ֵĺڽɫ汬
ڽɫ쳣̬һ֣󼸺ܹƥƣڻУ򿴵һģӰ

ģӰ˿ͣԶٷȥ
롭ʥգգۣһЩ͵˵
ԲͨİʥӦǶԴǲĻģͨʥʵҪַܹĻƣ˶Ȼһλưʥ
˭ưʥоޣ߶Ǽ֮żһλưʥ
ԭأһؿҶĻӰʧֱʮ⼸˷Żع
䡭
ͻȻû⼸еƽһɿƾǿԹĻб
ƱȷźڽɫƻҪǿƸһ֣˱㱻ǿƵһʮಽ
Ƴ֣һ̣۵ӴӹĻ˲
˲˿ͣٶȳҶĻȥķ׷ȥ
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ҶĻڻĮзУֻҶĻ֮һĻĮȫΪ룬ǿľܹ˺ѵء
ţüͷһҶĻУչ̳ź̽ȥ
ʱҶĻѾ뿪߾أѻָһ˲䣬׵һбӳҶĻԺ
ͨҶĻʮĿλʥǿֳԼٸλʥԵٶԶҶĻٹһӣǱܹ׷ҶĻ
߲ơ
һƬҶĻ˫ǹγһƽͣڿУңλʥ

쳣ǿҵľ磬һ̣λʥǿѾվҶĻ档
ǴķзҶĻҶĻһλʥǿԴɻ˵
ҾҶĻҶĻ˵ͷӦòʶλɣʥǿߡ
ʦ֣ģͨеĲϢСӵġһλʥ֮ǰİʥ˵
һʱ䣬λʥֻһĿҶĻδ֡
Ȼ˵뾡ǣҶĻֻаʥʵΪϺ꣬Ȼŷ뾡ټϷ뾡ǱҶĻնɱǴʱ׷ҶĻһʱҲЩѰ졣
Ͼ˻޷ҶĻս
죬ͷİʥǿ߹˹֣ҽ䣬λҶʦܣվǱߵʦܣ⡣
СֵܣҶˣʦֵԭҲ
߾ĶǾ屦ƾСֵһ˵ʵƺѱסһɱ֮
ţ
һû˵껰ҶĻײˡ
ܹΪʥǿߣϺ꣬Ҿֳ棬Ʋ쳣ˣҶĻȻ뵽ЩʥܹƲĴţȴû뵽ô׷


492 г
λʥǰҲ˵ʲôˡ
˹֣ҶĻδ˵ֱתҪ뿪
Сֵܣ𼱰ҲһƬġһסҶĻɫѾЩż
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ţüͷһ壬ҶĻӶԷĻвζ
λǰĲ˵ʲôɫƽҶĻܲ˵ĳǰȥ
ʦ֣СӸһӲͷײĲᡣ
ϸıеǼﲻǰոʹùڶȻ޷ʹãʲô
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վֱӱһ˿ҶĻУγĴ󵶣ֱ˵ҶĻǰ̧һնȥ
˵ķӦҲǼ죬վ֣ҲīͬγĴҶĻ
ʱҶĻִҪߵѾ˴ǿļ
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ϵİɫһƬһ󶴣͸󶴣ܹϱ鲼ŴϸС˺ۣҲ⣬һƬڣϸС˺۱鲼

˵ǸС˵ܵȥˣץҶҪʬΡؽҧԵúԵ˿Ѿʧȥǡ
ͷңһҪҵǸС˵ʱộܲ˶Զ
׷
ŭһ̷ɢŲͬķ׷ȥ

Σյĵطȫĵط
ߺ󲻾ãǷ֮ص·һƬɳУһ͸Ӱ֣ΪѾߵҶĻ
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һôʵ浹ûʲô޾죬һԲٿô棬ȴιȥҺÿסˡ
ҡҡͷҶĻó֧£ʼָԼǼһյľ
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Ҳû취ֶйأ޷ǿ
ҶĻվʱҶĻľѾȫָ
ˣҪϿ뿪ּƭǶãٶ뿪֮żȫġ


493 
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ҶĻ߶滯Ϊ쵶г֣Χ֮ƲϹˣƵʸÿߴǧΣȿֲĸٹ֮ǰӲҶĻһǳǿж̾սΪõ䵱ʱԵüΪǿ
ÿǧεĹ㾡ȫҲ޷ȫסòɵ๥ͬһط
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һʵ岻ǿߣźܴĲ࣬ǿ˵ֻҪ㹻ĸʣܺãΪһʵ壬֮ɾѰˡ
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죬ֻתٶȳԶٱȥ
ʦôˣûܵʲôˣҲǶ˵ӣʦôǺҶĻɱ֮𰡡ıӰվЩɻ
ȷʵе֣Ҳ⣬ʦΪӣѾнʮûˣһСУŭҲӦõġ
߰ɣȰСеıŪ˵
ҡҡͷվҲ̸ۣ׷ȥ

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λɰȫҶĻϢĳǰһ·ۣѾʹٶȡ
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ͨҶĻʮĿǰ״һʮ־޴˿ѷɫڵ߾оҵľ͹㳡㳡룬һֱԼΪ׵ĺڶϢתţϢԺڶɢ
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ʱ֮żһʱ䣬ÿǿ߶ƴѰұûԸȥʴڶԵüΪ⣬ûˡ

סҶĻŲԼΧĻʼźڶȥ
һһҶĻһ̤ϰٲҲκηӦʱҶĻڶֻһǧˡ
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ͻȻҶĻڶһǧʱվԭصɫͻ䡣
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˫΢⳯ŷҶĻվ֮˹ȥ
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ʲôҵΧҡҡͷǿɡ
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һƬ룬ҶĻȴǽüͷ
ǣɴ˫ۣҶĻֱӾ˳
漴ҶĻûκԥ˫ȭǳſдȭһЩŹֵľٶ
ôܣҵ޾Ȼ
ʧˣڷȭ˲䣬ҶĻȻԼʧˡ
֪ʵҶĻֵز޷ټ۷嶥ǿߵʣѾļˣֻеõĳҩܹʺٶȰθߡ
ʱҶĻȴоԼʧˣԼʻܹټԼĳҩһ㡣
ôܡʧҲʹҵܹңҸоԼʺǵľͷֻоܹ
ʯͷһǿɫʯͷãǿʯͷʲô˲ѱ䣬һҵʴ༫ޡ
Լ˫֣һʱ䣬ҶĻֱԭء
죬ҶĻŻع񣺡ˣȵһ˵ȻҵܹŹ֣ʺǵͬȴһ£Ҫõĥܹͬ飬·о
ҵʵȻܹ˳ִһǡ
վϵĳҶĻʵѹԺ󣬴뿪ɽ
¡¡
ֻҶĻո뿪ɽĿɽ̱Ū

߳ɽҶĻλϢƿǣһ·ŵһȥ
䡭
ոնҶĻо󾢷𣬽ţһҶĻڵһƬط
һʧҲٶ
һʥǿ̽һ
ϢĴˡüͷ΢壬ҶĻŰʥȥıӰЩá
һʵ򣬿´ӽӲ̫ùҪܹҵȥ·ͺˡ
ҲǱĵȱ
ʥǿߵıӰʧҶĻе뷨ҲȻı䡣
һҪȨҲһϰߡ˵Ūʲô鶼Ҫ͵͵
ҲգȥǣÿЩʥǿһþӡ
кɫҶĻ˿ǣٿ˿Զ·漴ı·ߣžһ·ȥ
ҶĻרΪնɱ˶Ǻ󣬸ûǵеˣֱӽԼſԲʮڵһȫӳҶĻԺ
ǵ󣬵ҶĻǿֶ̽£ȴ㲻öֻҶĻ˳žɵʵ죬һһǰȥ
ʮӺҶĻѾ߹˾ɵ֮
ʱǵеطѾҶĻ̽һ顣
ҵˡһЦҶĻϷңңȥ
Ϸſڣʦֵųȥ˿̣˵ѾȫָϵİɫҲȻһ¡
Ϊʥǿߣ֮˶Ծÿ·һ·߹ò硣
ʦ֣Ǹô죬һֱھҲǰ취վԵЩͷ
Ҳû̫õİ취ҡҡͷСӵ书Ϊͨİʥǿ߸޷ټҲֻ˲µΧܹƽ书򣬲ʦֲֵµΧȴֻһǧס
һǧڹ֮żлǿԣ޾ҰѰһˣֱǴ룬ܡ
ҪȻǲܣأͻȻ˵
ʦ֣˵üͷһվЩ̫ס
ߣҶĻϢѾнżеǿߵ֪ǧλǿߣʮʥѰ
ˣϢԼٶɢνԿηϢһʮʮ٣ɲǴô򵥣Ϣᱻ޿󣬽ʱиǿ߲ϼѰĶ鵱УҪ˶ã綼֮
ʵҪ±ֻȥһط
ǣֻȥǣܹһǣֹ
ˣСӶȻȥǡĶͷվԴ˷ܵ˵
߰ɣȥͨǵıؾ֮·ҶĻҪȥǣһ·ϱȻ᲻ϴϢϲӦþܹҵ
ãҶҪСʬΡ
кݹէֱ֣ӼӿŲ첽ųȥ
䡣
ո߳ţֻʦֱֵӷ𣬰ǿľ磬˿ʼԼٶȳȥ
һ·ۣȻδ֣ٶȴǷǳ죬һԶľǱѾʧ˵߷Χڡ
ʦ֣㿴ڷеУͻȻļ
ţ
ɻ֮£˳ָķ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ȫŭռݣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻԶɽͷϣվһӡ
ӾվԭأһѺɫǹ֧һЦĿˣҶĻ
䡭
ûκԥʦֵ˳ҶĻ۶ȥ类ǽ


498 ˲ɱ
ֱҶĻǰͨ˫ۺܹʵԵĻһ㣬Ǳŭ˴ȴϴһ㣬ֱӶ֡
С˵·㲻ߣ㴳벻㾹ȻͶȭͷɱӿǿŶֵĳ嶯һһ˵
ǺǺǣλʥǰǣ̸ʲôͶɡ˫ۣҶĻԾһЦ⡣
СӣӲҲһ£ǷĻ˵ȫʬ
վ˲֪ѾҶĻΧĲͬλ
ʱʦֵ˳νҶĻΧֻǰҶĻڹıֺŵ飬һʱ䲻ҺҶ֡
ȫʬ⡣
һЦҶĻˣֱ̧е˫ǹ
֡
ͻȻҶĻո̧˫ǹ֮ʣ޿֮±һֱӰγĵһҶĻȥ
ͬʱվҲԥе붯ֱҶĻĲ
һʱ䣬ϵͬʱչ֣׹⣬磬뱬ѾԵİ˳
ʱͬʱӳһһλĳǿʥȫһ
䡣
˵˳ԾĿ£ֻҶĻϴڽɫӿ֣˲Ѿ޴ĺڽɫתǹͬʱҶĻȫҲһڽɫ档
Щڽɫ֮ǰҶĻʩչȻ˽ոտЩڽɫ棬˵ɫ
䡣
֣ڽɫɢɽʦֵȫڽɫ֣ԵϢϴӻ浱ɢţڻ浱лܹЩըѵĲЩڽɫͬըҩһ㡣
˵߶»ɢȥڻʧҶĻȴҲͬʧ
Ϊʥǿߣ̷Ӧ볯ȥҶĻͣڿС
ÿ졣
Сӵʵֱǿˡ
Щڽɫ浽ô£ϴλѾѹЩڽɫ棬ȴܹʹ͵һģһʱСӵ׾ʲô
˿ҶĻв죬ü˿˿֮ɫ
ҶĻԺڽɫѹл٣˳ǵٳ˳ٶ֮Զ֮ǰ
ٺ١
ͣԭأҶĻеѾͺڽɫתǹֱָˣ쳣ֲϢ֡
ڶʮͼͬѪһתһ֣ҶĻʹȫʵźڽɫڣҶĻʵҪԶ֮ǰ
䡣
ûҶĻֱӿǹͨ쳹صıڽɫֱǰ˶ȥ
Сûʲôµģ֡
һܶͳһͬʱӵӭȥ
ٶȱڽɫȫǣ˫һӲƴĽ˵ɴ˫ۡ
ƽ֡
˽˳໥ӳȻֻҶĻƴ˸ƽ֡
Ҫ֣Сӡ
һ˸ʩչȫ֮ǰǿһȻţƥƣֱӳҶĻеĵͬԶžޣ
Ȼ˵ȫ֣ҶĻȴûκα飬Ƹûзϡ
ڣҶĻʱһַԶǼɳ߼۶Ϣϡ
˽ֵ˺ƴ󣬸һ֣λʥǿߵע
ûʱˣҪһԺڽɫֻܵ´ˡ
üͷһҶĻһĮĿӭˣ漴۶˰
һοǹҶĻĶû˱ΪҶĻעѾԼĶϡ
˿̣ҶĻȻ˫еתޣ޾ʹϮԺͷҶĻָ̳ı䡣
ɽɽˮˮʦֵҲȻڣҶĻһеı϶㡣
Щ򰵣췱һ㡣
ҶĻһʹµԵС
ԺһƬ侲ҶĻûǰĵ㣬ֻǿɵһߣȻǹ
һҶĻ
ȻҶĻһǹ˿ȴ˵Ĺ졣
ֻҶĻǹһڽɫҶĻǹ֣漴ûӦڽɫ˲һ˵ǰ
޷ֵ
һڽɫ⣬ֻо޷ֵֻ⳯Լ
һ̣ҶĻʱѾԭأһ
ǵǰһ󶴽ǵȫᴩ˿˿ζɢ
ҶĻһǹ
һǹߵ·Ѿǿǵ⣬˳ռΪĵطһ˲ƵķʽзУʹ˸Ӧһǹڽйƶͬʱӵеƾǿ
һǹ˿λðһǹ
ôܡɴ˫ۣ䲻ŵĿһС
䡭
ͻȻıʮڽɫϮûзӦˣһʱ䣬ȫڽɫǡ
˿ϰǹҶĻֹͣʱڽɫ浱УѾûκϢ

ŴֻҶĻͷһʱΪҶĻľ˲Сĸɡ
ˣٲ߾ˡ
ԶһۣҶĻ˫ǹλ渲ȫٳԶȥ

ҶĻߺ󲻵һʱ䡣

󾢷ϮֻӰԶԼٶȳ̶߱˱Ѿ˷ҶĻսĵط
ɫ۵ӣ˶ǰʥǿߡ
˵ʱĺڽɫѾʧĲˣϣ߽ڵʬʬǰһ󶴡
ǺǡüͷΪİʥЩԥ˵
ûпʦֵˡһλʥֱ˵Զұо˵ϢʦֵһӰ룬ﶼˣΪԵ벻ȻҳԾնɱǵˡ
֣Ŷնɱǵˣ߱ʥϢȴӵòǡɫΪİʥ˵ԼĲ롣
֮ӵлڰʥ֮ǰĴڣȻѰҵˣҶĻ
еѰˡһλʥҲüͷҶĻһԵ߾صľһʹãӵ֮ǰһţڿʮа˾ġ
ҲӦøоˣǹϢ
죬ޣ̺ɱȻֻһţȴޱȿֲҲѹʦֵ˻С
ȷʵȻǸոճΪʥã㲻̫ǿҲһλưʥ
໥˵ͷλʥûټ
˷ʥжЩìܣ֪òü׷ȥе̰ͶĿ־໥ײ֪ѡһ


499 һ
㹻ӴǰԶһˡ
ҶĻһ˶սʦֵˣ֮ƽնɱûþʹ˿ѰҶĻİʥǿ߶֪飬ڵ֪ҶĻĿֲսȴԾвٰʥûзȻѰҶĻֻб˽ӶС
Щʥǿ߿ҶĻֻһ۷Ƽǿ߶ѣǿҲǰʥĶ֣˵ʥҶĻܹ֮նɱʦֵˣȻǼĹЧ
ھջ£ЩʥǿѾΣ

Щʥǿ߿ʼжʱҶĻѾҰȻ̤ǰһǵ·
һ壬Ӧÿסһҵİʥǿ߰ɡͷ˿ԼҶĻ˼ĵ˵ͷ
Թֹ̰Ȼ˵ֶ̰ǰ㲻ʲôҲЩ֪ҲǺǵģ˭˶ܹ۸С
ҡҡͷҶĻعʼһһǰȥʵ죬һܹԽʮףһʧ
ʱҶĻһעΧһǳԼڡ
ԴӳںɫʯͷڵָıʹҶĻɻ
֣Ҳ֪ҵĸоǷ׼ȷԼڵҶĻüͷ
ʱ崫ҶĻĸоȻͬոճΪʱһоԼӵ޾Ǳ޿ȥ
ָоһִҲпġ
ǹֵģܹҳָоҵǱ޾ҲӦñһ޷̽ĳ̶ȣȻҲָо
ǿɫʯͷʲôҴû˵ʲôԽǿߵǱ˳̶ȣͳ̶㣬ҽЩǱȫʱҵǿȺǣҲͬǿߵʮȿֲĳ̶ֻһЩư벽ڷʮؿǱܹ⻹ֻҵ㣬ĽҪʮöࡣ
ڣ޾ĸоġ
뵽ҶĻԼĲһ
ΪֹҶĻҲû˵һӵ޾ĿǱų࣬ҲֻϿ޽ѣÿһνǱмޣһＫޣٶȽܹԼްθߡ
ӵ޾Ǳڡ
е˼ˣȵһ˵
ĶͷֹԼĺ˼룬ҶĻͷߣһһŵһȥ
ͬʱҶĻҲٶڵĶʮͼԼǣǱһߣһ
ҶĻǱȻθߣԾߣֻͨʣͷ

ҶĻλ渲һҰͬһ㣬Щ̰İʥӵͨҲ޷޾ҰҵҶĻټ
ҪҵҶĻֻƲҶĻȥΪҶĻıؾ֮·ãȴҶĻͶ
һرʮʱ䣬ʮ쵱УҶĻƴ˼ˣû˼ҶĻҲûκιҶĻʧЩʥǿ߽صص㻻һһƲҶĻѾɽ֣ȴ粨ƽϢٳ
ʮ޾ҰУһɫ۵ڻţӽʵ죬һܹʮףӵ仹Ѻɫǹ֧
ҶĻ
ʱҶĻѾڻҰǰʮʱ䣬;ûȥκ˵ĵط
ҿĵͼӦÿ쵽˰ɡüͷ΢壬ҶĻɨķ
ɨӵĽҶĻЩΣ߷Χı̬̽ⷶΧڣҲκӰĽ
ͼӦûг߿
̾˿ҶĻǰ
ĵͼҶĻȻֻһΣȴѾμУκβ
νǣָһĳУλ򣬾ǳԶУеһǱλһƬߵƽԭ룬ҲʥĵطһʵԴԴڵһǡ
ҶĻͷߣµٶȴﵽһʮ׵ĿŵزǳһӰ
һСʱҶĻͻȻͣ½ŲǱ߳һ˿΢Ц
ҵˡҶĻ̧ͷǰ
̽⵱УҶĻܹǰ׵ĵطһޱȾ޴ĳ
ʵ޻ȫɴʯ齨ɣκΣէһȥȴһֺ޾֮Уν棬򷨲壬һ仰˳
ǳбҶĻܹоԳе쳣󣬽ܹؿɢš
ЩȻǺܴ⣬ҲɼебȻסŴдĹֱ
һǣȻ鴫ԶԶǵϿӵеġ
ֱ֮ǰ˶ܹ࣬ݻܣ֮乴ĶǣһֻΪڣ鷽ѱȾӵԼıġ
ֱ֮Ҿ볤ٶ֮õ޾ɱУݱֻʣ¶֮ȫսɱռݣҪ㣬ݴ飬ܡ
Ҳֻʥĵ£ܹô๢ֱңرĵ
ΪҶĻٶȼӿŲԶĵһǼٸȥ
׵ľҶĻĽ£һѾԽ
ӹҶĻѾվ˵һǵĳſڡ
޴ĳûκϷš桯˶Ĺ֣͸ţҶĻܹǸɾĽֵԼ·һˡ
ܹоǿһĴǣЩǵд඼˿˿
һǡ
˶ҶĻһ򶨵Ļ߽˳еС
ҶĻĵ·ϵֻǿۣ㲻ٹעˣżȻм˶ҶĻЦŵ˵ͷԵʮò
ȻֱȥԺ˵еԺǸʲôӡ
ԺΪһʵΪʥĵطȻǽһǵĵ㣬ǵһǵı־
Ҫ·ҶĻһ·Ժ󲽶ȥ
һʮףҶĻһе˳ŵһǿ·ֱУԵĽﲻͣˣһᣬҶĻ㿴ԶԺ

ԺҶĻĵһӡǴ󣬴ûߣԺȻ󣬵ȴκݻһʸУҶĻܹԺİ׸¥ԾɸоԺʮʣһֺػȻһĸо
Ȼһ塭ôеϤأ
ɻüͷҶĻ˫ĿתԺ
һ̣ҶĻ㾪
Ϥʵ̫Ϥˣֱͻϵĳһطһģһ
ڻʱҶĻ˫۹ۿӵĴ֮أйͻĮΪһ壬ǿҲƻȻҶĻڿԺʱȴٴοһĻ
ԺȻͳУԼƽԭȫһ塣


500 ʥ
Ժеĸ߰һשһߣѾһԼ޴ޱȵƽԭһͬϵӴеһģһ
ֶΡɴ˫ۣҶĻ˿ڿˮ
Ժеһһľȫ޷ƻҪƻĻҪȽƽԭ͵һǻȥ
ֶιڵֻһܹ
˶ر仯ȻϢյµĹŴǿߣ⣬ûܹһǺͬΪڵϣׯӣҲ޷һߵ·һ
Ҳɺϣôܻͬһ·ߵµ
ԭأҶĻ뵽һʵоֹѧ֮񡭡
ѵеʥˣǵŴǿ𣿡
пܣҶܹΪʲôЩŴǿ߲ӵҲţӸǿһӲѾλ˼ʥҲпĻġ
һУ죬ҶĻŻع
ˣȽԺһʵеʥ˱ܹ⿪ɻ󡣡
˵ͷҶĻʱѹеɻ󣬴󲽳Ժȥ
ԺԹӣֻ׸ߣ׿ȫҲκδĸо
ڴߣվ̴װų
ԺԺѧӲɽ롣һֵסҶĻһɫ˵
ţ֮ǰԺ޵ġҶĻ΢΢üͷ
ޣ㲻Ժһδ󿼣ֻпǰʮʸԺнޣÿһδ󿼶ھ³ڲǰ³¸¡ţֱӻ˻֣ҪҶĻ𣬲ûѻ˵꣬סˡ
ΪҶĻѾó˿ľơ
Ժƣ
ͬʱһɫ̸ı䣬ҶĻù
λѣӵԺѧ䷢Ҳ޷ڽȥ˹֣ıɫʮֹ˵
ԺĹʥκ˶ƻֻ⿼֤ڴ֮տԣֱӽԺҪȵ֮գ֮ǰκ˶ýԺ
ŶĹءüͷһҶĻ
λѣȥǱߵѧһǰһǲμӾ´󿼵ѧӶǱߣԺΪ׼Ϣ֮ء
˵ţָָԶһռ󣬵ȴ˿ݻĹӿջ
ѧݡҲá
ŲԶѧݣҶĻ˵ͷ󲽳ѧȥ
뿪֮ǰҶĻѾԺ̽һ飬̽ĽȴҶĻһ
ޡ
ԺҶĻ˫ۿһ㵭ȫ֣ʮ־ȣûκ㣬Ҳûκǿ㣬ȻҶĻӽ̽ʱȴһƬޣʲô̽鲻ЩҲ޷ҶĻԺǰһƬһ㡣
ȻǴֶ֮Σֻȥѧݵһˡ
˵ѧݵƼҪԺн޵ĴˣͬЩ˶Ժ˽ҲӦԶˣ˵ܹŪһЩϢ
˼ֻһ˲䣬һ̣ҶĻѾѧǹӵĴţ˴С
ѧݱǿջҲݻĲֺͨĹŴջһ޶ǰڷŴľΡ
ЩľΧѾ˰˳ˣЩ˶ۣһģˣȴǴСһмҪİˡ
ȴûһߣһҶĻɨЩ˵塣
ڴеˣʵҲ൱иոɶλԾǨĳԽߣǿĿȶǿߡ
ʱЩ˵жһ飬˵ͷۿ
֡Щ˲ͨˣһǿߣĴҲȳ׳ԽߣʵֵزĿֻǱܣﻹҪ顣
ѵһʵĻĺܲĿı¶ûУ
ɻҶĻѡλһƨȥеɻȴǰͲסҶĻƲƲԼе顣
ţ
üͷһҶĻŲ⣬漴⿴˿е顣
ҶĻ¶Ȼ֮ɫ΢΢˵ͷ
ԭˣЩ鶼ͨ鼮вĳλ˼˶⣬еÿһֵл̺쳣ǿǡ
˼дĶסףȴѣһֱЩֵĻٶӦҪԶԼĦٶȡ
Щ飬ӦöǰʥǿдĶһʵǼֵǧˡ
˵ͷҶĻŴϸϸ۲ÿһˡ
ͻȻҶĻԵ˷飬һЦĶҶĻ˵λ̨Ǵѧףɰա
ҶҶĻɫƽĵ˵ͷ
Ҷɰյɻ󣬡ˡ֪ٳ֮иѧ׵ҶѾģ֪Ҷǡ
Ŷ֮㲻⡣ҶĻ˻֣һν˵
֮Ҷ֣Цˣ֮ôǰμԺ󿼣ҪôʸҲһѧסɰհ˰֣ҶҪǲ͸¶ҲˣνӲǿѣǿдǻ
ŶԷ̹ɫҶĻЩΣҶĻҲǷӦ죬̱˰취
ֲҪ֣Ѿμδ󿼣ѡˣʵЩ
ѡʲôƳǱߣʮѡأҶζѣֻҪŬվܹԺɰ˵
֣ѡⱲӶû߽ԺԺʮֺ棬Ǵ󿼵ѧףӦöԺ˽ɡ
˵Ժʥھޣ֪ǲġ
ҶĻĹάɰյ¶˼Ц⣬ʥ˶ʱɰյɫȴЩŹ֡
Ҷ֣治֪Ǽٲ֪Ժʥ˾ޣ֪ʵôм١
ȻһҶĻǿװ򶨼˵ⱲӶûԺûиܹʥϢЩֻǴԣϣ̨Ҫ֡
û£ʥ˵Ĵ˶ɣҲҪʦңҲɡ
Ҷ㿴Ǳߡ˵ţɰָ˴⡣
˳ɰָķȥܹԺߵ¥
¥¥ԺģҲʥ˾޺ͽεĵط
ʦ˵Ժÿһֻѡȡʮˣʮ˵У˭Ժеıܹǰһл¥ĵڰ˲㣬һʥ˽̻壬ȻڵھŲеʥˣȴܹڽоʥ˵Ϣʥ˽ΣȻҪǱʥͽܣȻܹʥݡ
ʦԺеѧӣѧڶʱɼǰһξ¥ʥ˽̻塣
˵ʥ˵Ϣޱ޼ʣ󺣣ɴ⣬ڿθǺؽһΣʤѧԺж꣬СԺжʮ꣬ڼްꡣ
Ҵ˴εĿ겻ҪԺҪڵһǰһʥڿΡ


501 ʥѧ
ԺǰһѧҲҷȴ󻰣ƾѧʶܷ񿼽Ժһ⡣
ʱһͻȻһЦ
˲Զһִͬ鼮ŵ壬ȴ¶֮߰ɫӿˡ
֪һѧֻμһԺ󿼣棬ƴĻϵѧףܹڴеģĸѧףҪʥ˽̻壬㻹ȿǿνԺɡ
㣬˵ţԴĿҶĻѡ㣬ͻȥˣҲֻ˷ʱ䡣
˵꣬ҲҶĻ˵ɫ顣
һ˭üͷһ壬ҶĻɫЩѿ
ҶĻǵˣ·һʵȫֱ֮ͬ󣬱һǿΪ磬ҶĻǰֻͨʵ˸Լǰţֱ⡣
ҶĻԿ϶ӶȻҶĻʵǿ
Ҷ֣ˡɰհ˰֣ɽʮܿѧףݱһҪһΣһλʥΪʦųɽʮǰѵһľš
磬ȥԺ⣬߼ıʮܹܿʮѧ׵ͷұΪɽʮǰѵһľţ԰ʱ
ǳ磬ҲһЩϲҫ߰ԴĴ
мҡҡͷҶĻδϾǣһǣֹɲһջ
ҶĻɰԭأû᷽ˣʼ
䣬ҶĻڲѯŹԺԼʥ˵ϢʮӺҶĻȴѾûмȥ˼ˡ
ʥˣһʵбһĴڣҪȥأȥߴڣУʥδ֮ʱŴ֮˽Ծһʵǵʥ˳֮󷽲ųֵģʥ˱Դһеԭ㡣
һʵ嵱Уʥ˵״ӣԼһѹĹϰʥǳǿʥ⣬û˼ʥ˵ݣԼɰյʦһʥ˽Σʥ˵˽ҲΪޡ
Сʱһ۵ͻȻææܽѧݣӸոܽѧݣ
ϢϢҶˣдϢ
ˣ˶ˣ˵ϻЩŭ⣬ȻǱ˴Щá
֪֪Լڸʲôѧڲú
ԸĻϽȥҺ
һ±Ǵ֮գʲôϢȴ󿼻ҪҪ
һЩΪѧ֮һһĿʼˡ
˵УԵú⣺дϢĻ֤Ǻһӡ
ʱԺ󣬵һʥѧӻԺһԵĿյؽнΣʮ겻һĴ¼
ʲô鰡еЩҲǰʥдǿһ꣬ѧҲһʥѧӽΰʱЧϿȥռλãϢѾһе˶ȥˡ
˵꣬Ҳѧݴ˵ı飬ֱתⱼȥ
ʱ˵Ļѧݴڵȴһͣϻ𾪣ǲŵɫ
һʥѧԺһԿǼϢɡ
ʥѧһλȻ˵λѧֻ֮еһʥѧƽ׽ˣϲðˣǾУǻҰΪһЩʵõ˽ΣҲֻ䣬ѧԺ֮İ굱С
󣬵һʥѧӼÿʮŻ⽲һοΣ⡭
ˣǲģȹȥ˵һʥѧѧˣΣЩûйİʥǿҲȥܹһΣ¼ûͨ󿼣˴ǰһҲֵˡ

˸ոѹֻХļѾ鼮ⱼȥ

ڶһһⱼȥѧΪԺأ⵽ƻһ˲˱ܹѧݲˣӸܳȥ
һֱںҶĻĵɰҲһ壬кûü˱㳹ʧ
ʥ˵һѧӡ
һʥѧӽΣȥһɣΪʥ˵ĵһ״ӣʵӦ쳣죬ڰʥڼΪӽڵȥ
⣬ҶĻĸһ˵󣬳ԺһԵĿյȥ
һʱĹ۲죬ҶĻѾȷһʵʽǶǵʽ
һʵĻвûǣֱӼǵЧµʱѧϰ֮ͨǡ
ͬǣһʵȫģʱڵһԾǼ
Чʱʽ£֮˵Ľξͱ÷ǳҪ˽һοΣʤԼ꣬ʱ䡣
ȻֽζһʵҪҶĻԣȴûʲôô˼벻ͬôҲǰ׷ʱ䣬ҶĻż

ԺޱȣԺһԵĿյȻҲǲСէһȥĸ򳡴СȻҶĻƬյȴѾɽ˺
ǿյأյҲѾվˣ˼ˣһۿȥȫͷ˵Ҳʮ
ӵĵطһȴǿһˡ
յؾͷʯ̨ϣʱûȥǵһʥѧӽεĵط
ˣҵվﶼһվɡ
ҡҡͷҶĻվȺΧһʯͷȥ˫ۣȴ
һʥѧӣŵӵͨʵȻҲǰʥİʥУǲһֱܹɱ֪׳ʲôӡ
Ȱɣһʥѧ˵ǰʱ󿪽;Բʱѣˡ
һεһʥѧӵĽΣҶȻܹͻеľ磬߲Ρ
ʱһǿߵ£Ŷʱֻһգ۵Ĺ
ţˡ
üͷһҶĻδ˫ۣһֱʹõȴѸٵתһԵԺȥ
ԺҶĻĹۿ£ֻһƬޣʲôûУҶĻȴԺϿտһˡ
һ༫Ϊͨ·һ㣬ϲ߱κǿƣҲΪͨӣڿУͨڵߣȻٶȴǿþˡ
ҶĻʱŸոճԺϷֻ߲ȴѾ˿յؾͷʯ̨ϡ

ӳʯ̨ϵ˲䣬˶ʮվֻЩ΢ĺ
ʥ˵һ״ӡȻͬ졣ü˿˿֮ɫ֣ҶĻ̾
ʱҶĻɨˣȫκһûзŹɨӵĽȴҶĻЩȡ

Ϻһ޷ڣҶĻ޷͸ֻܿòڵκ޷֪̽
ֻǾվҶĻһּΣյĸо
ʵ˵ܹնɱʥʥҲǿ֣֮еĲǴþˣҶҲܹնɱͨİʥ
Ǻʹ˲ɱ


502 ϴ
ҶĻԼóĽǱɣһ÷ǳ죬ᱻԷɱ
˵ʵʵ̫ǿˣܹоǳжϡüͷҶĻҡҡͷ˫ʵʵ̫
λʵɲĵһʥѧڵִʯ̨󣬲ûж˵ʲôֱʯ̨ʯı漴ֻ˽ľʯϡ
ܺǴ˵Ҳаףʵֲͨһ㣬ûκμֵ
ھϸСĺɫ֡
һʥѧֻǽһ㣬׵ݣͣ˶
Щγ̷أʦ٣ûжʱΪҽΣ¡
⣬ұѧ㲻࣬ǽѧ»ᵢҵУһᵱм¼ҳʦ̻µı¼Դ˾⣬аദʥᣬϸ
ΪһʥΪϵĵһΡ
һʥѧʯ̨֮ϣ䣬Ƕκ죬ԵüΪǫѷܹһ㣬Ҫô˵ݼѾһ񻰰ĵزҪôˣѴΪʦѧֹĵزκ˶ܹҵԼѧĶ
̿󣬵һʥѧֻǶ̶̼仰ܹʮĴÿ˵Ķ⣬ûչκ·ʮȴȫһ棬ͬʦ̻ѧӡ
ĸΪԴ
һʥѧӵ಻ȴκ⣬ÿ˶оһʥѧӺԼĶ߽һ㣬֮ɫ
ʮڳʮ˱Ѿȫŵ˵һʥѧӵĽ֮С
ʮ˵вϲɱԼʣɲ֮ˣЩڵһʥѧӵĽ£еĸȴѾʧֻʣ˶ᡣ
֡üͷһ壬ڵһʥѧӿ˲䣬ҶĻоȻҲ˿˿ƵһʥѧѾӰ쵽ҶĻľһ㡣
ܣڳΪǿʱҵɱѾ׺ݣɱңұɱѧ˵ĹŴǿ߽ΣҲ޷Ӱҵ˵λûгɾĵһʥѧӡ
һӰ죬ҵ֮ἱ½ҵȴûг
üͷҶĻϸڵı仯
ҶĻü˿˿Ȼ
ѾɱȫںϵҶĻûбӰ쵽ľһʥѧĶϴҶĻľ
ԭˡ
΢˵ͷҶĻٿܵһʥѧӵʼ
𽥵ģŵһʥѧĶҶĻԺԽԽ࣬ҶĻҲһ˿˿֮ɫƳǻ۵ĺһ㡣
һʱ䣬ʮһƬ˵һʥѧ͵⣬Ҳ
Ӻȴܵƻ
䡣
ͻȻȺɲͬǼͬʱ֡
ȺмλʥǿߵĴǡ
⼸λʥǿߵĴǲûйκˣֻǲɢţգǵĴȴһһĸı䣬еڱȥһ㡣
ͬ⼸λʥͬӵǵҶĻȴһڴʯϣڵǲ˿ϵϢȻһһʧӦ˵ڡ
𽥵ģǰɰʥǳֺµİʥǿҲѹԼӿǣͷ˳
һλʥǿߣλʥǿ߽ȫͷźҶĻȴѾûκϢͬһʯ

һʥѧӵϴ˵ĶУ˶ͬʯһ㣬һվԭأŵһʥѧӵĽ̵
£ʱŵĺܿ죬֪䣬ͷ̫Ѿ˿˿ϼߣͬʱһʥѧҲֹͣ˽Ρ
š
΢·һŵģһʥѧ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ûд·ʮ˵ĳţһʥѧֹͣκ󣬱Ŀ
νʮӺ󣬳֪ʶеʮ˷½ѡ
ʱÿ˵϶֮ɫ
ңҵľ硭ҵľ羹Ȼôࡣ
£һΣŵһʥѧʮ֮һ޷ᣬˣҵİֻҲѾ̤ƼΣܹһʥѧӽȫ⣬ȻܹɾͰʥ
Ҫˣ㿴ЩûѵİʥĸһĳҲ޷ȫеݣ˵㡣
֣ЩʥǿΪλѡ
䡣
ͻȻɻʥǿΪλʱһ쳣ǿ󣬳ɱ֮ϢȺΧ˲䱬
Ϣͬһ㣬ֱһ̣еƲһ
Ϣһ֣㾪ЩûгѹİʥˣȫתͷϢķȥ
ϢǴȺΧһڴʯϵϳֵģҶĻ
ֻҶĻϵɱǲţϷĿеƲ㣬ҶĻ˵ɫһʣȪС
죬ʮ˵ע£ҶĻϵ£ͬʱҶĻҲ˫ۡ
ЩνҲûá
ҵǣԼǿɱмǣȫ߽ݾԼ˵ķʽԴܼȻֱӣɱսҲǿȴԵ÷ǳֲڣˮ
Ŵǿߵǡǡ෴ѧϰѰ鱾Դº͵ķʽ𽥼Ǳͬһ̶ˮʮ͸˿ʡ
λһʥѧӽΣҵ鳹ױϴһ飬ɱɱеȴѾʧһ룬һ
νòִ˵ǱˮȻЩǣɱսȴǿ
ŴǿߵˮȻ͸ޱȣɱսȴһ
߽ϣǱΪıûʣɱսԾɱõʽ
ԺһҪȥˣһναȹЧȥѧϰһ˵벻ջ񡣡
ҶĻԺе˼٣ҶĻ꣬ҲֻǺķ˲һʱ䡣
˼ҶĻŴԼǰ
֪һһ
ţǡǰΣҶĻֱסˡ
ڷǵıҶĻûκθоҶĻԼ˵Լһո˯ѡ
˭һ˯Ѻ󣬷ʮڶԼ¶ס
òƣ˵⡣
üͷһֱʱҶĻŸоԼǻûгɢǣҲЩˡ
һ̣ҶĻȴɨЩʥǿߡ
ͬҶĻһ㣬ʥȫ˾ȣԼ˿˿ڵ̰ȻѾϳҶĻ
Һǵһǣ㱻ϳҲ޷֡
ڻĽҰĻʵԾλʥƲҲòС
˿ҶĻվʮ˽Ŀ⣬;λʥ񣬺ûһֱӴ󲽳ѧȥ


503 ʥ
ҶĻĲǺܿ죬ߵٶֻͨ˿һ㣬ҶĻٶȣǾλʥԣȴһּ尾
ҶĻӰһһʧλʥɫԽѿƴȫסҪֵĳ嶯Ͼﻹǵһǣʯ̨ϵĵһʥѧҲڣһֱ
ɶֻŻߡ
ߣȻ޷ֻ֣Ҫ־ͺãСһǵϢ¼СʱھͻᴫԺ󣬱ʥڴ˴ۣɢұ㿪ʼСӵһһʱҲûˮ㡣
СϵıնɱʥˣӦпĳɷ֣СƼʵնɱλͨʥȴʵеıȻ챦
ʱλʥ˼ȫͳһıζȡҶĻϵġ
ͬھλʥ뷨һֱʯ̨ϵĵһʥѧӵУȴûκһ̰⣬Щɻ
֣Ϊҵĸое㲻ͬأ˵ţһʥѧӲüͷ
ͬΪϵһԴȫΪһĸо
һʵĻϾ಻ͬԴڻһʵȴǺ֮ĸȫͬһʥѧѧʣԶͨʥܱȵĴڣȻܹоеĲ
ԡʦҲйָо
ѵ
üͷһڵһʥѧӵϾȻ˿˿֮ɫ漴ֻһʥѧкûдֱ㳯ԺǱ߷ȥ
һʥѧȻȥ·ʮҲٶһһ뿪ƬյأǾλʥٶȳҶĻǱ׷ȥ
ЩһＴڵһǣҲġ
׷ľŹϢҶĻεҡҡͷ
ҵҪܸʲôϾǵһǡ
ƲƲ죬ҶĻ˱ľˣһһѧȥ
ѧݾյرͲǺԶӺҶĻٴνѧݣԭȵλϣ˫ۣûκζ
Ǿλʥȴû˿ڣҶĻºǴĵԼѡطվѧ⣬ҶĻһһڰʥǿߵϢҲû

һĵأһʵΪʥĵطԺ¥
ʱһ˼ææ¥·˵㳯¥ȥԵûˡ
ǸոջصԺĵһʥѧӡ
¥ڲⲿһݻŵζһǧ¥һ㣬زɣ
û˼ȥۿ¥ڲĸ֣һʥѧӾȻֱӷѱٶȣž¥ĵھŲ㼱ٷȥ
һٶ˿ˣ»ֱӾг
¥ʥ˾֮أκˣΪʥ˵һӵĵһʥѧҲһһͨ˵ٶȴ¥ȥֱӷȥ˵Ƕʥ˵Ĵ󲻾
ֻһʥѧɫæһֱɵ˵ھŲ¥ݿڷͣ
¥ھŲ¥ڵһԣһ뷢԰ףȴߣ߸һһʥѧӣüͷ
ʦ֣ڸʲôھ¥ڷУѵʦɡżææĵһʥѧӣһĲã˵ʱҲЩѵ⡣
Ͽͨʦм£㡣һżһʥѧӴʱҲԼˡ
ţ
üͷ߿ŵһʥѧżҲûжԥ˵ͷҪ¥ͨ
ˣѧɡ
ʱ¥ϴһ쳣ƽ͵
˲䣬һʥѧӺ¶֮ɫվԭѧ֮񣬲һ˿и
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ͷÿӣһʥѧʮֹһһ¥ݡ
¥ݲ̫һʥѧУһһ¥ݣһսǺ󣬵һʥѧӱͣԭء
ʱһʥѧվһĴС
֮пһ治κװΰ裬һտĿⷿڴ룬һӡ
ֲۣͷɢ֣沿˸ȴ߱κǿϢէһȥһͨˡ
ߵ棬˭ҲţһʵһĴڣʥˡ
ʦ˹֣һʥѧֹ
Ѿˡʥ˵˵ͷ
㷽潲ʱѾ뵽˰ɣСӺһͬһط
˻
仰һʥѧ˲䵹һ
Ϊʥ˵Ĵӣ֪ೣ˲֪ĶʥҲΪ˽⣬ȻڿҶĻʱѾ룬ʥ˵ڣһʥѧӻЩš
һ̣һʥѧӵԺȴһƶϣƶʹ㾪
ʦĺͬһط˵Ҫˡɴ˫ۣһʥѧһһʵ֮˿˿֡
ʥ˲δֻǵ˵ͷ
죬ʥ˿ڣһЩעҪ飬޷ֹġ
ҲżλѾ˹֮ǱӦԴʩѲá
ʥ˵Ļ󣬵һʥѧ˿
šɣȥСӽӽҲһЩҪһ
ǣʦ
˹֣漴һʥѧӴ˳˵ھŲ¥
Ųֻ֮ʣһһʵеʥˣʥԭأ˫ۡ

ʥһƬҶĻȴǳ˵⡣
ţ
ڴߣҶĻȻͬĿüͷȴǽһ𣬼ܹʮ֮һǵȫһ
ʱǳǱߣһ˻ҶĻҶĻȫϡ
һӣľ߱뺷̵֮Ĺһ㡣
ʱŲ㲻̫죬˳ŴһһǰϣɢһͨɽһޱȺأܹرѵϢ
ʥǿߡ
һλʥǿߣһǰʥ֮мΪԶ˵Ĵڡ
е鷳ˡǳġ˽ԼϢҶĻ˫ۡ
ľȻǰʥȴͨʥʵ伸޼ӡ
ֻɢϢʵҲҪԶľˣʵ¼Ϊֲ
Ҳ֪׸Ҳﶯ֡
һƬ侲ҶĻضӣȻע⵽ӵȴҶĻһˣǵǿȫע⵽ˣǾλʥҲ⡣
ӵ˲䣬λʥ˲µһҪֽϵĳ嶯
һֻΪ̫ǿˡ
һһǵע£ѧ⡣
ûκֱͣӴ߽ѧС
ҶĻҶĻǰɫʵ
˭ҶĻɫ˵
ҽӥ
䡣
˲䣬ӱԼѧһڴȫ¶֮ɫŵĿӥ
ľλʥǿ


504 ʥ
ӥڰʮǰһʵǿߵУ˽֪
ʮǰӥִӵһӳųǿִӳһսжնɱʥʱһʵʥһ
ڣһʵ嵱ͨˣǿߣȫ֪ӥĴڡ
ӥִܶӳ
ִܶӳ͵һִʹͷ
ִʹָһָ߶˵ݴʵӥ̫Զһִʹȴӥ࣬ͬһεݣִܶӵʹߣӥִܶͷˡ
˵޼ӥʵԭȴҪȿö࣬ΪÿһִܶӳҪӵͨʵѷɫʥѧӡ
ӥĴڣ׳ӥ
죬λɷôܵˡ
֪ǰųʲô鶼УǴ˽֮һҪˣòǸҶĻˣʲôɡ
Ƿ˴Ҳòǰ֣ʥǡԣҶĻôеأ
ˣҶĻǸǰʱðͷľڰʥ֮ǰѾõʥȯż˵ǰʱ˹ʺˣڹ֮ż߾صҵһܹаʥǿĶնɱλͨʥ
кϷˣ˴ǰǰ±ΪǼ
ڶСﲻۣҶĻȴ˿塣
ִܶӳӦûʲô°ɡüͷҶĻһν
ȷʵûʲô£ʦֵΧɱ㣬նɱǳҲáӥ˵ͷδǿӵҶĻͷϡ
Ҵ˷㣬͹޹أΪ˽¡
ӥ࿴Ȼ͹һ㣬쳣׺ݣΪȴǸ˽ʱվҶĻǰҲûʲôľٶһֱĺӡ
ҴĶ
˵ţӥԻó˼ҶĻǰ
һ
һŽɫʯͷһСԲܣһذס
˻˲䣬ҶĻֱӵһ
ӥͳ˲䣬ҶĻĿضǰذ档
ذףȻҶĻо쳣ΣգΣ
ҶĻԿ϶Ǳذ׻УԼսԶǿܿʣԼҲֽһ룬˲̴
ʶˣҲˣذ׵ļֵߡذףӥϲ˿˿廳֮ɫ
ذǿ֮żһصõĶͨʥذ׵ǰֻҪУͬһ㣬û˿ֿ
ذףҲͨɫ
СԲҲǹ֮żеĲЧʤϵܣһͨʥĹȫ赲˳ҡ
ɫʯͷȻǹ֮żĶҲ޼֮ǺǿߣֻҪûгΪʥˣնԴǿԼʡ
֪ϵıΡ¶ӥʮĿҶĻ

΢΢һ㶣ҶĻȻӥ˼Ҫеġ
νɸΪ֮ҶĻʱӥϵҶĻҪҶĻóʲô
ɫҺ⣬ҶĻڸòӥ۵Ķ
ܶӳ˼ˣ£ʵò˹֣ҶĻ΢ε˵
Ŷ۸񲻹𣿡ӥüͷ
Ѷóҿһ챦ЩֻǶ𡣡
ܶӳ£òҶĻҡҡͷڵ߾صиûеõʲôֻǵõһЩܹʵҩҩѾҷá
ĵõ챦ҲڱѰ׷ɱ͹¶棬ǰˡ
ҶĻ˵ʵʵʱҲһã˵Ųžһˡ
ȻӥͲôҶĻĻ
ûзϻӥֱ
챦һӲһǣȻߵܵʥǿߵΧɱ
ˣҪԴеʱңĳҹҲһһļ۸񡣡
˵꣬ӥҲûжͣֱӴ󲽳ȥ

ˣҶĻһ
ڵһǣҶĻ°ʥʮʥҶĻҲ£ΪǲҶ֣ӥֹټȴ⣬ӥΪգҶĻһñӣԴҡڵĴִӵһڸڵһ׷ɱҶĻټЩҪֵİʥǿߣʱҶĻʮԳҲӲ
ٶǿɽˣʵ죬ȻĶǿԷȺڡ
ҺãӥʲôԼ֮ȻʵǻȥҲһܹӵ
ǣǱ߻ʥ򡣡
һתҶĻ˳ŴڿԺǱߡ
ţǡ
ոտȥҶĻбٴγ˲
ҶĻ治ȥľλʥҲһ
ھλʥոӥҪʳĶǣȴһͷͻ
һʥѧӡ
ʱһʥѧӸո߳Ժţѧߴ
һʥѧӡòҲҵİɡ΢һҶĻֱѧݶĵһʥѧӣЩԻ
ҶĻ;λʥЩѧݵеĴһ쳣ɻ
һʥѧʮ귽һΣȴһΣһѧ
ɻ󣬵һڴ߻ѧ֮첽Ϊһʥѧÿ·
ҶĻӥһһʥѧӴҶĻǰ
ԣҡҶĻ˵
ʦ룬һˡ˹֣һʥѧʮֿ̬һ㡣
ʦٶҶĻһʱ֮仹ûи׵ô¡
һҶĻֱӾ˳ʥȥһˣ
ҶĻվѧ⣬ҶĻˣһԭء
ʥˣһʵԴһʵһĴڡ
ʥ˳ھ¥ھŲ㾲ޣʥݵֻЩѾİʥһʥѧӣǧʥ˸κˣʱʥȴõһʥѧǰҶĻȥһ˾¥
ñе飬ͻȻһǰеһͨһ㣬˸޷顣
ңûɣǧһֱ¥κ˵ʥˣȻһʥСӡ
Сӵʲôͷ˵Ǽ޷Ĺڹ֮żҵ챦ˣҲ޷ʥ밡
ԭأһиֲ׷׸֡
죬ҶĻعʮֹ˵һʥѧӴ·


505 

˻䣬һʥѧӴ̤ҶĻ첽Ժȥ
󷽵һֻĿҶĻ͵һʥѧӽԺһʥѧʵ죬ݸǿһ֮֮ϣվѧˣǾλʥû˸ǰѯʵһʥѧӣ˵
ʥˡ
ΪţҶĻڵһʥѧӵ󣬻ԺС
ոտţҶĻµëױ㳹ſƽȪһ㡣

һţԺȫΪ磬źҶĻֻоĴȻȹ֮żɵҪŨ
޷ۿΪĴʮ־ȣѾȫÿһÿһ棬ÿһשʯΪһ塣
ԽԽǿͣӵֱʡ
Ժеһһľÿһأÿһשʯۼ˷ԲǧһʵԾأںֶΣʵ벻֮⣬˭ܹ
ʥˣϾܹˣʱһⶼӭж⡣
΢ҶĻڹϵשʯϣһһŵһʥѧ˾¥ǰ
¥ڲһжʦֲãȥֻܸ֮ңҪĶ
䣬һʥѧӶԵ֣漴ҶĻ˱ʥأ¥
ţ
üͷһ̤¥ҶĻٶȸı䡣
ԺҶĻıԺŨµĴڽ¥ҶĻȴоĴȻȥŨȱúһ΢ɲ顣
ǴҶĻΪĸ֡
ӣţ¥էһȥһֹŵĸо֮ûо
ĸֻ֣ж˴һƷζˣ˵һ֣Ϊһͨ˾סĵط
ʥˣǿߣ֮ϵĴڣ޷Ⱑ
ҡҡͷҶĻδĸ֣ŵһʥѧ˳¥һ·ϡ
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ҶĻԼȥɣûʦҲȥ
лһʥѧӡ
˵ͷҶĻŲһһ¥ݡ
һƬ˿˿¥ϴҶĻ˿һ㣬νֽš
˳Ų̫¥ݣҶĻѾվ˾¥ھŲ㵱С
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룬ʥĵط
Ǳһʵ徴ʥ𣿡ǰͨûκβӣҶĻһʱ֮Щסˡ
Сѣ
Цŵ˵ͷʥָԼǰš
ԣҶĻŲƣʥ˶棬ʥ˵һ仰ȴҶĻ
Ϸ𣬲֪СǺηʿ
𣿡
ֱԭأڿĻ֮ҶĻԺѾûκ뷨һƬտ
˭˼Ӱȫйǧ꣬Ϊʥ˵Ŀӡ
ʥݣȻҶĻʥпǿӣʱԷ˵ʱҶĻȴЩš
סǰҶĻԵսǡ˹֣ҶĻʮ𾴵˵
սǣüͷڿӵϾȻ˼ɻ󣬡Ϸ߱£ȴû˵һط
ҲԣЩϹŶѾ뿪ǧˣôõʱ䣬µĵҲ֡˵ţڿӵϲЩ廳
ͻȻӺʲôæʵˣǱˡ
ءǰ˵ǵɡ΢ΣҶĻһֲ֪ôӺ˵ĸо
ڵĵȥʱѾͬ
Ŷ
˵üüͷһλǧĴڣѾ˼ֲ롣
ġ
ˣҶĻֻӲͷƤʼ˿뿪֮顣
ڹŴҶĻһʴôἰҪӽֱƼ飬ԼϵľƣĴ̡
̫࣬ҶĻֻҪĽҲһֱ˲Сʱʱ䡣
СʱУûвһ仰ֻǾڵҶĻĽϵɫȴǲͣر仯ǣϲΣɫԿӵ֡
СʱҶĻֹͣһĶſӡ
죬̧ͷ컨塣
Щ飬վǿ󲻵õģԶǿǺεǿĴڣҲⲻִļȴһ⿪ˡ
ɳԿףվǱԼҵˡ
ӵҶĻҲԵ˵ͷ
Զǿɵһʵ壬ռʵ壬ԶǿսϿ޽ԶǿҲܵģǴ࣬ȴҲɳԿףֻܽһʺϣɳ
ڵĻϸ˵һڣԶǿ£൮ʱȻֵģԶǿҲûа취Ҫ⿪ڹŴֻһ취ǳΪ˼ܣﵽľ磬Ȼ⿪һֱ䣬ȴ⿪ԶǿҲûа취⿪ļ
ֱĲ޷ʹֻżȻȫڵļʹӵֻ࣬ҪܹԴһЩľ񲨶ܹ޽·;
һжȻĽǿԶǿĴڣҲ޷֮оֱֶǶԣͬһһһ򵥵Ĳ
ҲգҲǺ£Ѿ򿪣صʵԽǿԽá
عΪοĵ˵ͷ
Сѣص飬˽һ׮ԸӦҲвɻ󡣡
ʰɣʱ㣬ϷһһΪ󡣡
仰ҶĻ˾ԴӵִɫҶĻѾ˺ɻҪһ֪һеΪ
ûԥҶĻֱʵǰ൮ǿźɫϣǰλͬһʱ֪ͣģУϵľ޴ڶɫӶô¡
ûҶĻ˵꣬ӱֹҶĻ
˼Ѿż˵꣬Ӧþ׵Ĳˡ
һУ˵еԶǿйϵ
ԶǿǿǷŵڣҲȻԱ֮Ϊǿ
ǧǰҺһض˸ԵĿ꣬ҵȵ˼ҲѾԾȥ˵Ѿ޷Щ񻰵е
һ˻ۣǴɹʶ֮̽޾ǿգҪ޾ǿյҵµ̽ǿյľͷ


506 ֮
ӵĽܳҶĻĶҪ̫ࡣ
һŴǿ߽ǿգִǣٵǿϵĺڶһֱΪγһ˲Сʱʱ䡣
ҶĻɻҲ϶ڿĶҵ˴𰸡
ȣϵĺڶһֱڵģǼǿдģԶǿĿռͨ
ϵĺڶǼ˴ģĿıΪתĿ꣬ӡϵĺڶ
һеΪһǿߵִɫ֮顣
Ǵ򿪻ϵͨµÿ˶ǳ˷ܣΪҵµ磬ȴ֪һжֻĿˣȫࡣ
ڵʱ֮ŻûжϣûãͷϣǼһʵ壬ʱһʵ¶֪δ壬ĻϲĴ̻ʱȴԼ״ʲô
Ӧ˽ȫͬͨ򡣡
ͨȻγɵĲȻȴԶǿΪ˴ķѴԴ˹򡣡
ڱԶǿʱһֱƯ޾ǿУڲϵŲλûпռͨԶǿҲ޷޾ǿҵ򡣡
̽һʱǱ㷢һ£ǴͨƶͨǲҲͬΪṩλá
ͨǴ򿪣Χںɫпռͨʼ򿪣ȵǷӦʱѾˡ
µӵǻۣԶ
һиǰԶǿ壬ЩٿںɫϿľ޴Ⱥӿ˺ɫС
СѣΪЩȸ߶˵ڿǺ󣬻ʲôķӦ
˵ţͻȻͣԴЦĿҶĻ
ԵҶĻһ£ǰòǡ
˲䣬ҶĻԺгһ룬һڿƼоƶϡ
ǺǣѾ֪ˣЩȸ߶ǲȴ߱ܣʵҵһ㲻ϣٿؾ޴ҵսҲԵ÷ǳǿ
̫ǿǱǻδҰˣЩʵֻڴ˵еǵѡͬĲһ㣬ʵץ
⣬ǴսĿˡ
ܹǵãһ쳣ҵĴսҺͻĵһѣʱصе˼ҲһսС
ҵںɫϹֿͬ߶˵
ҲˣӮǣе·ӡͨĴȴЩ̫أشߵ˺ɫϣҺһλѣҲǧʱ䣬ȥš
ֻǼ򵥵ļ仰⼸仰ȴӵ޾ħһ㡣
һ˲䣬ҶĻ·𿴵˵ɫϵսǳսս𣬱鲼ɫ˳ͨ쵽˻ǱԵ
ʮλһͬ뵽ǳսУǿ߽䣬ѪܹȾ
ԭأ죬ҶĻŻع
ǰںɫô£ǻŵԶǿ𣿡
üͷһѵõĳһ˿ɡ
̫˽⣬ʱҺһѣԼ߶ûм˵ˣڵͺɫλѵķӦ˵Զǿ
˵ͷҶĻδʣǵͷʼ˼
ӵһϯ˲ҶĻණ
ɫϵľ޴ɴкԼӦöĶǰصĺڶƱǺɫ֮ͨһԷͨ򿪣й¶ռꡣ
ɻҲҵ˴𰸣һжǵŴǸ߶˿ƼսĽ
ǡ
ţҶĻͻȻ˿˿ĸо
˲ѹеĹ֮УҶĻ̧ͷ
ǰ˵ͨѾ򿪣ɫǱߵͨҲ࣬Щǡ
ӵ˵ͷĿռͨûг״򿪣ɫǱߵͨҲδ״򿪣һҲֻʱ⡣
ٹµʱ䣬ű᳹׼ɣʱɫǱߵͨҲȫ򿪣ͨ᳹׿
ͬģһЩͨȫһҲٴα©ЩС
һֵĴսˡ
˵ţĿǰϳһɳŵϢ
󣬿ӻع񣺡СѣľˣǱ˶߱ɳʸһսٶչҲϴһ㣬ȫ뱻أӦԵʱ䡣
֮أĵ㣬ͨǱγɵģ֮صڻûͣȥҲǰ׷ʱ䡣
ɣԺһʱ䣬Ժ¥УϷͼλдµĵãӦвСãȿһʱ䣬ѧȥ֮ذɡ
лǰ
˹֣ҶĻδܾǸæл
ҶĻеɻѾ⿪ĲˣһֱҪѰҵĵط֮Ҳ˼˽⣬һʱڿ˵¥ʱҶĻиǳ˼ڴ
ǧĹǿߣдµĵã˼벻ͬҲȻҶĻдô
ȥ֮ѧֱӴȥ⣬һȫΪ㿪ţܿ٣Ϳٰɡ
˵꣬ӻ˻֣漴˫ۡ
ˣҶĻҲ˿ӵ˼Եͷ˳˵ھŲ㡣

¥ھŲ¥ڣһʥѧһֱȴҶĻҶĻһʥѧӭȥ
ҶʦѾңɡ
˵ͷһʥѧһӣҶĻһ·¾¥Ժһصأ¥ȥ
¥ԺУ¥֮ĵһصأ¥̫Զ̶̼˱Ѿ˲¥¡
һ쳣ӣӭܹܵϢĹ¥
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ҶԺеصز¥ʦѾΪ¥еĸؿһ鼮
һ飬ȸˡ
лһʥѧӡ
ִ֮ҶĻһ·Ŀ͵һʥѧӵӰȥ
ˡһʥѧӵӰոʧҶĻȴҡҡͷ
ڿǰҶĻԾмûн⿪ҶĻȴʳڽҶĻǽѹĵףΪЩȫƷ˵һС
֮ĲޣǴ˵кųĻ£Դʥ˿ӣҲֻǴ˵ˣǧ֪꣬û䡣
˵ĻҲһġ


507 
֮ĲޣҶĻһֱѭһϾϲ⣬Դ൮񣬻ûܹġ
ڷźͿӵĽ̸УҶĻֻѡҪĶ˳ȥԾڱĶȴһ鿰Ҫ
ںɫϣҶĻץһոյִɫŮӣķ
飬ҶĻδ߿ӡ
˵ĻУܹ⿪ҶĻоųϵɻ󣬵ȴҶĻķǱߵõϢ롣
ķ˵һĵطȻȴǳǧǰ
ǧǰǰһδңδҲʹǰ壬ҷͻȻǰоųϵĿԱȫʧҪ߲һʣǰо߱ǿսķɴҲĪʧ
ɵҲͬ顣
ȻЩѲĴֱ䣬й֮޲
˵ֻڸش۵£ܣϳ˺ɫȻӡһͨԷռ䲨й¶ǲδһĺĵء
ǿӣҶĻķõϢҲǲûдĸء
ʱȻûдأȫ߲㵽ȥˣԱȥˣҪսɴȥˣ
Щʣÿһڳſӵۡ
ȷʵҵǰ˼Ӱ˻ǧ򣬲Ҫʲô
ҲЩ⣬ӵһγʱֻɱŴڣʮа˾ʶȴ˵˽⡣
黹Щҡ
ˣЩɻֽ׶ҲҲʲô𰸣ֻܵˣȥ¥жЩʲô
ҡҡͷҶĻɻѹ£ƿľţ˽ȥ
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ûпеݣҶĻֻڹ۲Щ֣ߡ
ͬҶĻһ㣬һһٶ౾飬Щ鲢ǿһλǿ߷ֱдµĶҶĻǣλǿߵֻǻĵĹŴǿߡ
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ǿߵɲͬǿ鼮ͺñҶĻеⱾ飬еǻȻһ壬ޱȣӵһ㣬ҶĻݵĵһʱҶĻ㳹е硣
һǵ硣
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磬൱λǿֲõ磬һ£˼뵽Ǹʲôӡ
ۼҶĻԼɢ統С
䡣
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ˡ
һּ˵ҶĻ޷ΪԼĿģܹնɱһ㣬ļ˵Ѿľء
˫ĿգҶĻϸɼ˵ϳȥнʵ̫ǿˣ̶̼ҶĻĶͷϱ˿˿Ρ
ӺҶĻ˫ۡ
ʱҶĻͬˮ̳һ㣬Ѿʪ͸Լĺˮ
Ĺǿߣ˼֮˸ҿԴģҪ˼룬ֻͬΪڵǿ߲ſԡ
ⱾҲûкô
һ˼ǵеȫʧȫּ˵塣
֮ǰ˵һʥѧӵڿκҶĻǵеֻʧһңڿⱾҶĻǵеȴȫʧҶĻѾһһ鲻κʵı
ˣҶĻǻ˲١
νͬ飬һжģ˼Ҳ⣬еȻҶĻҵʺԼǵĶ䲹ԼǵУԼʵ
Ȿ鵱еǺҵЩеĲΪãȻʮ֮һǡ
ϧֻһΣжõֻô㣬ٿһĻҸá
顣
¼ָ֧ҶĻǿߵ飬ʼ鼮
һλڵ鼮ϰٱ飬ܹҶĻǣҶĻĻȴֻΣϾһλǿдһٱ飬һٱ鵱еȴҲͬġ
ǺĻᣬѾǳѵˡ


508 ѧ
ǣ˵˱һһڹŴǿߵУ֪ʶ
Щǿߵܹ֮ҶĻǣͺʦڸѧϿһ㣬УֻҶĻԼǺеǽнȥʮϸĸǿߵǣҪôܾôܡ
һҶĻܹоλǿһжԼжҵжԼõǿǡ
ֻ᲻ɶãϾûĸǿ߻ܵǰԼȫöԷ۲졣
һһգǿԼǡ
⣬ҶĻҲûп֣ޱλڵ㿪ʼۿ
ۿǿߵ飬ÿһζһĽޱȡ
ĽѧϰʹҶĻǿʼ׳
λǿĲͬ鼮ֲͬ
ȻأңΣǬת䣬
̶ʮӵʱ䣬ҶĻֲͬǣһ쳣ƴϸ⣬ҶĻԿγɵľǿ߹ۿת䣬ӶʹҶĻҲʼת䣬һһ
ʮӹҶĻеһ顣
ǿߡѴʣ޷Ħ
΢ૣҶĻĿվԭأϸϸԼá
һλǿߵãЩʹҶĻǵĲ㡣
һֱҶĻΪԼǲݸı䣬ǱԼԼǣһֱ˳Լ·ȥͿˣԼܹһֱߵͷԽͷ
ϸϸλڵҶĻȻ˳ɣҶĻȴĲ㡣
ֲ̫ڡ
ҶĻǺǿߵһǴսɱҵǣԼĸԴԼһ壬ȴԵֲ̫ڡ
˵λǿߵʵǿ߱ǻ۵ĸ֮ôҶĻǾֻһҰˣһʵǿûӵҰˡ
ʱϸϸλǿߵǣѧϰҰѾתΪ˶ʹùߣ΢еӵĴڡ
ҺãҺںǿɫʯͷСʹҵǱٶչҺҼʱӴλǿߵ
ûںСʯͷѾޣֲޱȣûκεֻܴȥ벽ȥʱǳΪܹͼԪ˧ս֮һǰ޹ˣһĵزǰΪþ滪ĵһĴڣȻǴҲֻһͨǿߡ
˷ۿλǿߵҿĲ㣬ǵĴֲڣǱûھ򵽾ͷʱ䡣
ڵִﾡͷǰұ㾡ȫԼǣǵľأʱǳɾʵȻҪԶͨǿߡ
ңȾϸǣҲҪǿЩֲڵǡ
⣬һء
˸ҶĻǿߵ󣬾ȻûٹۿЩǿд鼮ת¥ȥ
Խ¥ҶĻֱһ¥漴ֻҶĻվڵһǰһǿд顣
Ҫ˼룬ҪȥأȥԼǣһжҪʱ䡣
Ȼûôʱ䣬ǰȴֳɵʦ
Щ鼮ÿһλдЩ鼮һʵǿߣʵǿǶԳΪҵʦ
һʵǲ࣬ǵȫǺɣаĶ࣬ѧϰĶҲࡣ
ѧģԿΪʦ
˫ۣҶĻȥۿеݣǷųԼǣʼϸϸµ
һʵĴǿߣǻûγǣȴӵԼͨ͸ܶǽӵ壬ҶĻֻͨ壬ܹܵǵǵЧһ
ǿߵԴֲڣͬǿȣҲԶԶоͬ׺һڣǲϸ򣬼޷κõĶ
ӺҶĻдǿߵ飬ϳһ˿΢Ц
ֻҪģϸȥ򣬾ǴǿߵҲҶĻҵ˿ѧϰĵط
źôǿߵ飬ҶĻһλǿߵ鿪ʼۿ

һһҶĻ֪ƣĿţÿһҶĻСĽǱŻԭ
ʱҶĻһλΪѧӣʼ棬ϸѧϰĶÿһ鶼ʦÿһ飬ҶĻأһԴıܡ
ʦ
ѧҶĻ缢ƿʵÿһ鵱пѧһжתۼ䣬ʮʱһζ
ʮʱ䣬ҶĻѾ˲¥һ㵱оųϵ鼮˿ҶĻվڵһһԣţ֮ǰǱ飬һԭ˻ȥûմȾһ˿ҳûκ塣
ʱҶĻϵǸȫо˿էһȥҶĻżļƾ⣬һͨˣȻҶĻȴûԼǡ
ǰҶĻҪŻ״ҶĻ
ǳ
˫ۣҶĻ³һСĵĽеŻԶš
һѾȫ꣬ܽˡ
˵ţҶĻ˿ŵһ㵱еһܣ鼮ִѧ֮һҶĻŲƣ˶¥
¥ҶĻͬһһ鼮ʼϸϸ
ﶼܹ֪ʶˣϷ֪ʶⳡϵ֪ʶֵ֪ʶ鱾֪ʶһܹ
վԭأ̼ҶĻȫ뵽֪ʶĺУ԰Ρ
ʱٶţһζҶĻûκθоʱƮȻ
쵱У¥һƬԺͬһƬκβżУԺǹӵŵϢʹԺȥȥԵʫʮ㡣
֮ҶĻѾ鼮Ҳ뿪˲¥ڶ㣬ڲ¥Ŀյϡ
죬ҶĻ˫ۡ
ʱҶĻûκǿϢżļƾҲѾʧοȥҶĻһ׵ͨˡ
ѧģǱԼȥѧϰǣԶûоͷ
ʮѧϰȴǳĸ֡
˵ţҶĻһӣһҶĻ֡
ֻһƣȴԸоҶĻʱǺʮ֮ǰѾͬˡ
ɱɱޱȣȻɱ⣬ɱУȴ˵壬ĸоָоʹôʱɱǣԱ֮ǰҪǿࡣ
1.5ͬ£ɱǵ֮ǰ1.5
ʵĸı䣬͸һǣԿЩǱҶĻ嵱еǣƴޱȣԶʮ֮ǰҶĻǵ
һѧϰ֮ã࣬Ҳѧࡣ
ʮʱ䣬ҲȥϸЩǿߵˡ


509 
ۣҶĻվ
ʱҶĻڻѧӣ̶ʮѧϰѾһȫѱ䣬ڵǸǱȥãҶĻǰǣֻʣɱӦеǿǡ
֮ǰҶĻǱñһѲۣι״ĳҶĻڴѧϰĵ£Ѿһʵ޻ֻ½⣬ȴؾ
ʵĸı䣬ҶĻڵǸǱģҲ
ڵңȻûгΪ൱еİ벽ǿߣڸ棬ȴҪԶ벽ǿߡ
벽ǿߵǣʣֻ۷嶥󽫵ңǾѱ
ң˰ѱ䣬ʺǸҪǿЩ벽һأ۸ѳǣʹ˫еľɱһЩһеİ벽Ҳһս
ֻǡ֪ܷƴЩվڰ벽˵ˣ統괴ս켶𼼷ǹ񡣡
벽ϸ˵һ粻ӦôĽ׼൱УΪһʧܵĴʡ
ν벽Ҳǳʱʧܣֻǿ벽˼ʧߵ˼ʧߣ벽ҲȻմıߡ
ͨİ벽ǿߣǿĵطȻǿİ벽ǿߣڤѣǿ󲻹ǡ
ɳߵĵزѾΪΪǿָҲһǵ벽Ȼ޷ǵȴܹǵ¹ڤѱˡ
ڤѺǿΪ벽Ժ͸ոճɾĴڴƽ֣ΪùҩԼʣͬǿʮĳ̶ȣΪǵʣս֮һսǿ
ڤս֮һϵѾﵽǰ޹˵ĵزǵʣǿҲ
һ벽ǿĵطǿǵʡ
ʮѧϰϾ̫̣ΪʦΪʦǵʣֻ֮ǰ1.5ԶԶ
ҪҲȥȥȥĥԼǡ
ǵȴЩ̬
˵ţҶĻ¶һ˿΢Ц
ԴںǿɫʯͷҶĻоԼǱûоͷܹƵԼǡ
һֱҶĻΪһΪϲǱָоֻΪǱֵ̫ĴֱڣҶĻĸоԾǿƵĿȥ
Ǻʣ׼ȷһ㣬Ӧ˵ͨ۷嶥󽫵4.7Щͨİ벽ǿҲ޷ȣȴǸоǱľͷ
ڵҵǱһͷҲͬǿߵʮࡣ
ǿɫʯͷ
ˣæǰ¡
ЦҡҡͷҶĻѹеһв룬ߵǰ
ܵһһٶ౾飬Щǿߵ飬ѾԶܱҲ鶼Ҫ֡
չҶĻϸһٶ౾顣
ȫǿ飬ûκôΪ⣬ӦҲռЩǿ߹ӦãԼı¼

üͷһҶĻһܵгı顣
ıʱҶĻУ΢Щͬ
鶼Ǽ¼Щǿߵǣǿ߶飬ҶĻһۿȥɢĹâȻһ壬ǿһ㡣
ıȴЩͬϵĹâЩȣңһĹâȴǽΪ߲δйһ㡣
¼
һҶĻʼͷϸж
¼һ㣬صĶһλڵۿʱõһЩԼλǿ߶ǺϵĶӦע⡣
˵Ȿ鵱бλǿǵľԼǺĶԱȽȻʲôǼȴʤǼжͨ͸ҶĻպǣźܴá
ִ鼮ҶĻδȥеݣϾеĶһλǿ߲֪ҶĻҪȫҲʮжʱǿм£Ժ
ǿме֣ǿ߲µǲӺҶĻе顣
ڶ飬ҶĻٴοʼĬǡ
¼·мǣڱλĵøԼɳ鼮ʮӺѾȫҶĻУľ񲨶Ҳһ˿
һе¡
һ飬ҶĻüͷ漴óЯķʼɨⱾ顣
λڵ飬ֶҶĻԣǹһʶֻ÷
Ȿ鵹е֣ǺһǻȻһ壬ȴֻܵİٷ֮һңµǡ
Զ϶ӦòǱ¼ĵ֮Ķ
ʲôأ
˫ֱҶĻվԭأŷϲֵһ庺ӣȴš
ǿߣԷǳϣеǷҲ˲Сʱʱ䣬Ž䳹׷
ǡ淭ļ庺֣ҶĻֱԭء

Ȼ͵ս벻ﾹȻֶ
µǾѧ
Ǿѧڵϣκһźմߵľѧܹ֮ΪѧҶĻͨ
ͨǻ۴ʦڻ۴ʦʵҶĻˣֻͨĴǿߣˣ۴ʦܹͨȿһЩ°벽ľΪͨѾǺ;ռ档
һλǿǾˣôأ
Ȿı
Ƭ̣ѹҶĻûκԥŷĻϵۣʼһһж
ʮּˣҪҶĻȥ˼ֻһֱȥѾϵǿ߾ѧһ㡣
죬ҶĻƪ漴̧ͷüͷȴǽһ
аţü˵Ǽǿľȴ󵨵뷨ǿԪ˧ĴڣҲȥ롣
࡭
˿ڿˮҶĻЩĿŷĺƤ鼮
ʱƤ鼮Ϸŵĺڹ⣬ҶĻԵø졣
˵ʵܼ򵥣һѪ֧͸ѧǲ壬޷֧͸ȴԽд̼
Ǳһνָ̼̼ϰʹϰߵڶʱڱǣﵽʵĿġ
һ־ѧĴ̼ȴ֤˴žһӣһļͷӡ


510 
̼ܱѹϰǻԵ֮ʣʹڶʱڳֱ
뷨ȻڻĹŴǿߵаȴ㲻̫Ҳλǿһ뷨ڵϱвٴֱֵ֮ǿߣҪַǿսȴ˳ɹ
ҶĻ֪ڳǱһλư벽ǿߣ뷨һսžҲλư벽ǿߵǿơ
ҶĻȻûѧλư벽ǿߵľҶĻȴԿ϶λǿߵľǰžһȣСơ
侫ڴ̼ķ
ǿ⣬оǴ̼ˣ˵д̼ݵҲֻǽ˵ǷӡԼڣڴ̼Ĵ̼ȴȫ
һǣԵڶ̼ıԴǣľ衣
ӣֲλǿߵǻ˼ˣһͷβķӡ
һΪʵһУΣķӡ
ȭͷҶĻŷϵĺɫ鼮Ͽνԥ
ǿǿĳ̶ԶҶĻ󣬵ķȴҲܸߣԾɳҶĻ󣬿νǾһ
ǣҶĻܹ쵽ҶĻǿ߶԰쵽ԼǣҶĻȴû˵ɹӣҶĻʹ˿νڵǣһԼģһֶȻǷӡǿߵģһ˲ܳɹǡ
ȴҶĻֿܡ
ǿȻһ˵ĸȴԣԼڵҲһ
һƵˣȻżһ棬ϰͬʱӵȫԼǡ
ۣ֮˵ڵǿߵռһЩǿҪͬʱǣЩǿȴûκ˳ɹˣʧܵ³Ҳҡ
г·ǿߣҪôɷӻֲˣҪôֱӱδ˳ɹһ߲ӵĻ·ѺһԼĶǿߡ
ȻϸĴڣһһְԵֶкǣһС
ɹʲһɡ
ôǿľҲ޷ȫ֤һõӵȫͻк͵ʽڣĹ¾һЩ
һɣôҵʵֱӱʱԽǽײʽĴ̼жеֶڶʱڽࡣ
ҲǾ޷ɣλžڣžʵȻ쳣Ŷԡ
ҪҪ
վԭأҶĻͷ˼Ժ˼벻ײԥ
˵ҶĻΪֶĳɹʵ̫͡
ֱ൱гֹ֮ӣЩ֮ӳȥĻһڴ츳϶ҶĻҪǿивоֶȴȫΪӣֱӺ
һЩ벽ǿо־ѧǵ³Ҳһһ⡣
죬ҶĻ̧ͷҶĻг˿˿֮ɫ
жҪþʣȻǶ󽫣ԶͨˣԺܹɾǧ꣬ȴ޷ɾһȥ
ȻѾ֪Ҿƴȫù̱־ʣҲһˡ
λǿ߲ҲǳɹҶƿѾһֽ񻰵ĵزδزܳɹ
˵ˣֳɵľǰԵĻҪһӡ
ˡ
ȭͷҶĻȻ¶ģǱĺɫ鼮ŷʼж
ģֻ֣ϻǿǣҪҶĻϵжܹȫ
Ȼ
üͷһոսϸжҶĻ㷢µĶ
֮ǰҶĻע⣬ΪֻһǣʱҶĻȴз˵ڶּΪǡ
һޱȣͼȫ෴ǣǲڼǵУǲϻƣУκˣէһȥһǡ
ȻڣѾž
һ֣ǿҶĻľġ
ҶĻţԼҲţκ˶ΪֻҪϸ޵ĸôκ˶ԳΪǿߡ
޷ɹֻ˵һ˵ĸȥô˱㳹ʧȥ˳ΪǿߵʸֻųŻȥ顣
죬ҶĻǣ俴еĺɫ鼮

һҶĻºɫ鼮˫Ŀգվԭء
ʱҶĻһƬնϢҲҶĻһжǱҶĻڣһۿȥҶĻһˡ
СʱҶĻͻȻ˫ۡ
ոպá
о֣ҶĻûκԥڵأԼڡ
˿̣ҶĻĵһ²ֱɢȥڶǡ
ͨʹҶĻǿһǿһЩǲڣҶĻ޷һЩǱȻᵷң΢ĲҲᵼҶĻʧܣΪħ
һǣԱȣֱһɳ
ͨڶһǣδɵͨҲֱӱҶĻһкȣԶԶ硣
ͨ˵ǵڶļǿ棬ҶĻɣҲֻǽǺ͸ٶǿһˣԶԶܺȡ

ΪĺҶĻټҶĻв³İէһȥҶĻ񻰴˵еľһ㣬
𽥵ģҶĻ³İԽԽ࣬¥Ѿȫ֡
Ӻ󣬰пʼ˿˿ǣЩȫҶĻѹǡ
ҶĻ³Уʼɢؼ䣬̼Ϊ˳ԼСʱҶĻѾûκһ˿ǡ
ҪȡЩȻų⣬ȴûȫɢһ̾ҵ
пܻܵЩǵӰ죬ǳɢȥ
ǱϾֻһ־һ뿪Դ壬Լٶɢؼ䡣
̶̼ӵʱ䣬¥ָ֮ǰģʧҶĻųҲɢһա
¾ֻ߱Ƿ磬ҶĻѻʯû˿ԥֱӿʼĵһ
һҵԼķǡ
һƬҶĻڣʼеļأϸϸ֪Լǡ
һΡ
ҶĻһ˰ϸظԼǡ
ɱǵɱ⣬𡭡ɱȫһһӳҶĻԺ


511 ʥĸ
ɱǶҶĻԣԼһ㣬ҶĻûп˽Լɱǣûж˻ȥ˽Լһ㣬ԵĽǶϸķԼ¸ûм
˵ǱʶУԼҪȥ˽⣬ûΪʲô
ʱҶĻɱǣƿԼһ㡣
ޱȵռȷ棬޵ɱα߷ڵƮݣÿһϢԱΪǧ֣ޱȣȴҲ쳣򵥣ҶĻֱӵġ
ӵͨ˵ĸӣҲӵͨ˵ļ򵥣ӵͨ˲߱ǿ֮ģҰĺͼ֡
Լ硭
Լδܹ磬ԼеıԴԼļ֣һʱ䣬ҶĻоȻ˿˿ͷ
һͦģֻǲ֪ҵǵһ棬Ǹʲôӡ
ϲãҶĻԼǣŬѰԼһ档
ԽСĴڣҪҵԼĸԽףͺñͨˣԽǿĴҪҵԼһ棬ԽѣñЩĸҶĻڱǸҪҵԼһ棬ν쳣ѡ
ϸһңԴӲһֱɱʹɱȫһڸǣѾӡҵ
ֻҪһţôҵһ㲻ʧĹͨ㡣
һƬ侲ҶĻŬԼǣ̽Լǣһֱڳǰ
ҶĻǵÿһԷΪҶĻԽԼǣԽܹԼ
ÿһ룬гǧֲͬҶĻԺƮҶĻЩѰŲɱĶ
һңһһҹʱ䡣
һһҹͻȻֻҶĻüͷһҵˡ
һƬţҶĻ˳ŸоԴͷѸٵתԼͷͷȫһ˿΢дȥ
䡣
һ̣һȫΥҶĻɱĸоҶĻԺС
һ˲䣬ҶĻһּΪ񣬲ʵ̬һ˲ҶĻȴܹʮĸоǳԼģȻɱȫΥ
ָоҶĻԤϣʲô쳣аĸоǷǳů
ֻһǵ΢֮һ˳ҶȻܹҵһǡ
ǡ
һƬ侲ҶĻ˳һ˿ů졣
һ˿ůһߣҶĻǰУУɱǵ΢ҶĻԺ
һӣֻһ꣬ҶĻҲ֪˶ãֻͻȻоɱǵ΢ȫʧһӳԼԺ
һɫĹԴ
һɫԴƮһƬڰУɫԴΧɱǵ΢໥ƣ̹Уֻ̹֮żмƹӹ΢ķ
ҵһ𣿱ɱȫֻЩ˼ܹż͸¶ȥȴ޷Ӱ쵽ɱǡ
ȿʲôҵһ档
ǰǿԳ׿ԼһĻᣬκ˶ʱҶĻһκԥͷֱӴܽȥ
䡣
ͷոսɫţһ˲䣬΢̺ˮһ㣬ȻҶĻԺӿȥЩȫӿҶĻԺôҶĻ˸᳹׷ѣΪ񲡡
ˣҶĻ̰мصķԼԺֻһ˿ͷ̹̽⡣
ǻԳҶĻʼĵĸԼһ棬ոտʼܣҶĻȴֱסˡ
ҵһ棿ҵһ棿
ǾҶĻ̹⵱дһֲŵĸоƿ̫߳һ㡣
Ϊ̹̫ˣҲΪ̫аǡǡ෴Ϊ̹⵱ʵǡ̫ʥĸˡ
ºͣƴ󣬳ҵһ𣿼ֱʥĸ
߳жһ棬ǸħͷΪʵԸһеļ˺ˣȻһʥĸ
ʥĸ
㶵ش죬ҶĻзų˿˿
ʥĸҲҲԣɱǽһжһ㣬ΪĹɱҪնɱһ飬Ҳһּ˵ǣڹ˿սǿ󣬵Ҳħ
Щʥĸһȫͬɱ෴ƴۣºҪһȫɱ෴ɱԣЩħǸ档
Ūˣ벻ҶĻһ澹Ȼʥĸ
̹⣬ҶĻвЩЦ
Ҳգʥĸʥĸɣܺùħͷ
ѹסеĿЦΣҶĻ˲佫ƽ漴ʼŬԼ״̬
ҶĻҪģһ
쳣˵ľʱʱԽñԽΣգΪֻҪԼһͷţô໥ײײʱԽã߱ɵӻǷӵļҲԽ󣬷Ȼ
һǳɡ
һҪСģЩȻԵòôǿ󣬲һͷţô˲ɳΪɱһǿһ
ϾȫԼҵÿһ׳ʥĸһ棬ֻȫ˯ˣһͷţ˲ѡ

һҶĻǿеĲʣʼɢһ̹΢
ת䣬ֻɲǼ䡣
һ̣̹Ѿȫɢֻһʥĸ̹Ұһ㣬֮ƿɲǼ忪ɱǵ΢
һҶĻԼҶĻֻоԺΡ

ҶĻֱӿ˳
һ˲䣬ԱײΣҪ˵ҶĻһǿߣҲẰ
ʱҶĻǰ·ΪλʧˣһǳʱԴǹǳֺÿһ˲䣬ҶĻĴԶҪγ
Ҫ죬ֻܳʮ룬ʮ󻹲ɹұΪħɱ䣬Զʧǡ
ʱҶĻѪܺƿҪըһ㣬ʹԾϮȸо޷ݡ
ʯҶĻԸ־Ӳ޾ʹ࣬һߴ˻һмصĹؼš
ҶĻڣڶǸոճ֣ɱǱѸۣǵ΢ײһʼսѾȼյ˼¡
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ҶĻתеķţڵԾһ໥ҶĻȴʼָı䡣
˫۴ļ⿪ʼŤȻǰͷ˫ȣһҶĻµļѾȫŤһۿȥҶĻȻΡ
ŤļֻڣҶĻԼ񻰵ƿȣһ˲ǿеԼԴĿ
ЩںɫʯͷɢĿ֮ڼҽսǡ


512 
ֻҶĻЩɫֱ֮˶ϣһ˲䣬΢ЩɫգյУǵռһ롣
ֻЩɫΧ̳˸ı䣬ԭɫΧɢŵɫΣʱɫ֮⣬ȴǶɫһһס
ɫ֮ƣ̹ΧȫռݣԵ쳣ƽ⡣
ľ衣
ǰҪɹǵ϶кǼĳͻкĳͻһ쳣ӣܰ쵽ķʽǿеЩкǵĳͻ
ְ취ǷǿߵУҲܳɹһոմ澳ǿߣҪһҪķһңҪȫһһ쳣ӵֶεǿ߼Ǻķһµʱ䣬Ҳ԰쵽
ҶĻȻƿһ񻰣ҶĻûоԵİգܹʮڣȫкǡ
졭Ҫ죬ҪкȫǣֻҪʮкǵĳͻұܹٶȡʮʱ䡣
ȥˡ
ƸҶĻǿޱʹ࣬͵Լп
ԽԽĿҶĻֻҶĻϼŤ̶ԽԽأҶĻȫһԲ򣬼Ϻһ㣬ȥ֡
һ룬룬롭
ʱһһţÿһҶĻԣһ޾尾ÿһ룬ҶĻᷢ˺ѷεĲҽ
ټҶĻûκڵǵǿ󲨶ʱǣԼԺеˣѾע⵽

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ҲգɰͿԼˣһ˶޷֡
ҡҡͷ漴ӱ˫ۣڱ˫ǰѾˣȥ¥ҶĻһаá

еĲвͬ˽ۣȻ۵ÿһ룬ҶĻȴ
ʮ룬һ̵ܶʱ䣬ޱʹ൱еҶĻоʱţʮԼֱʮꡣ
ڣҶĻֻоȫµʹ˲롣
ܡǡˡ
ԴϲҶĻǿϲ⣬ڵĿǡ
ʮѹҶĻʱÿǵոɣ಻٣ǷҶĻʮ֮һ룬ôǱ᳹ױ٣Ϊɱħ
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ҶĻϴҶĻڱҵԽԽ٣ֻҶĻļ⿪ʼ𽥻ָλָ
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ûüȥҶĻֱһͷԵڵأ˯˹ȥ
̶ʮʱ䣬ǰʮ룬ÿһҶĻҪξһΣܴԱײεļʹ࣬ʱҶĻľѱľҲѾ˱ıԵЩɰ׳ա

صĺҶĻдҶĻڵϣһƬ͡

˯ҶĻǿ߶ԣҪǿ߶ȥ˯˯ҲֻһȤҶĻһȴ˯ҹ
ҹʱ䣬ҶĻһֱڵϣһֻǳصĺδȥ
˫ۣҶĻг˼ã
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죬ҶĻгһ˿ɫ
һ˿ɫ֣ҶĻԺ俪ʼӿ֣Լ¿ʼʱһм糱ˮһ˲صҶĻԺС
Լļ䣬ҶĻԭء
ҶĻգգۣòƣҺ˹Ŵǿߵľѧ
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ҶĻڵǡ
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ˡͷŵĽȭͷҶĻȻ֮ɫ֡
ʱͷڵһǣʹҳΪ˾߱ĴڣΪ鲻ڵǣҲҳھҵǲŻ֮ǰһǿ󡣡
һ۷嶥󽫵ȴ㲻ʲôǱҪ˶һܲΪؼǣҵһǡ
˵ţҶĻ˫ȭڡ
壬ҶĻܹоԼӵȫ෴ԼȴԼûбɾ񲡣һʹΪԼл
ʱҶĻΪϤɱ
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΢ҶĻʼмصķлԼ
һ˼ֻɲǼ䣬һ̣ҶĻѾתΪʥĸ
䡣
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˿̵ҶĻէһȥһõɮÿһ¶һ쳣ƴ󣬲ۣ޾ĴȱϢ
ٲȻһת
ԣҲֻԣ˵һ߱Լ˼룬߱Լǻۡ
ֻǣ벻ҵĵһ澹Ȼɱһ棬һȴǴȱʥĸһ档
ڵأҶĻһƬֻ꣬һֶԼȱ̬ϵɫʥ֡


513 ȱ
һ
΢ҶĻһڣ˿˿ƴȱϢ֡
һ˲䣬ֻҶĻĿʼӿЩԼʶȫԵ˷ޱȡ
ҵһ棬ɱĻӦòɱǡ
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ʥĸǣӵеܲɱǻָ
˵ţҶĻʳָζ˲ұϻֻҶĻұϳһ˿ڣ漴˿ھȻԼٶȸԭˣ̲һӡ
˿ڻָʱҶĻǿѹסЩСĺ˿ڻָԭ򣬱ҶĻĵڶ
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ҶĻڵĵڶǣ޷ֱӸǿսɢƴȴ޷һ㣬Ѿս֮еĴɣȴܹԾӰҶĻʹ߱ǿĻָ

ֻһ㣬ҶĻԶԶҶĻ֤ʵǵĵڶֹá
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ÿһˣɹļʾͻһ֡


514 
Լ˼ͬģҶĻҲԼ뷨
ʱҶĻո뿪¥Ͽκα飬ԵüΪƽ
ʼգҶĻûнνȱݣС
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ҶĻ룬׼õҲĥ䣬һ𣬸ڵһʥѧӵ󣬳Զٷȥ

һˣҶĻڣÿһʵԶͨʥĴڣʮһͬ·˲һ˵ע⣬ЩһֱҪȡҶĻϡİʥǿߡ
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ͭĴ֣һһɼΪƽȴưһͭд
Ϊأм˵ĳ˵ĳȣ˵ĳĺ޷϶˵䡣


515 
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ܹÿȽǿ˳˱飬ɼеġȻһλʵ죬ҪǿڿĴڡ
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ļ֮أҪɵ˵İȫشҲҪʮСʱֻȥ̫նһˡ


516 ײ
еĺڶʵ̫ˣһۿȥ߼ʣҶĻʱҪ̫գҪȷɳڶķΧ

̶ľϺХҶĻٶ˳бǿٷС
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ҶĻ𾪵ǣԼٶȳԶƽҲ˵ڶԼٶȽţȻڶµҲԶԶҶĻô㡣
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˳ž޴ڶıԵһ·УӺҶĻѾɳ㣬̫ա
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517 
ڹŴǿߵʵҶĻһֱ֪ҶĻóӽһһľԼⲿռĽۺҶĻЩŵĸо
һⲿռʹκһܵⲿռ䶼һͬܣѾҶĻⷶΧĶҶĻѾ֪޷ܡ
ǿߡ˫ȭ󣬿·һУ˿̣ҶĻǰδеǿҡ
ǿд˵ܣǰٷ֮һܣôǿߺͰʥ֮Ҳرѹֲֵ޳ڼ䣬а벽һͬΧѪޣܶ飬նɱ߸ͬһεġ
ѪޣֻǸոճɾ
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ͻȻҶĻһϵʼ𽥻ָ


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ָ̣ٳ̣ٻָظһУʱҶĻĸ·ٶȾһЩǿҲȲϡ
ʮӵʱ䣬ҶĻѾִĿĵء
ʮӺҶĻû뿪ɫɽķΧվھɽһʯͷϣø߱ԶԶ


519 ʼʵ
˳ҶĻĿ⣬͸޾̳ܹʮ׿⣬һ޴ĿӶ
޴ӶǳȱнʮһȸǲɹӶڵλã֮ǰ֮ɽڵλá
Ȼ˾޴£Ҳδ֮ػȥͨӲѹ֮Ϸһл򴩣֮ɽȱ
˿̣ҶĻעĲ֮ɽȣǾ޴Ӷߡ
ھ޴ӶߣվȺˣȺ˸ŽһľңңĬ
ߵһȺҶĻǽΪϤһһٶˣһٶ˵гһˣȫһʵĳǿʥЩʥվһ˵һĿŶ档
վһڰʥǰΪͷ˵ӣҶĻȴ쳣İ
΢֣һͷɫ°һ룬Ϊͨɫۣէһȥֻһͨӣǿڶ۵ĻᷢӵĹ֮
վûκǿӦеƣվȴԵüΪȻ۴ӺֽǶȣַȥоӱǾɽһ֡
ϵϢѾȫɽĿռ
⡭һ𣬿ӣҶĻ¶ɫ
ΧһУһĲкͿռûĻӦþǴ˵УųƻĹŴһ͵Ĵڣӡ
Щˡ
ɫҶĻתĿ⣬һ˵Ķ档
һǿߵĶ棬˿վʮӡ
ʮߣ࣬Ϣţȫһģһӡ
֪ʮ̥Ҳܳ˹龰ʮӸͬһƵġ
ԣǲˡ
ɨʮӵ壬ҶĻ㾪
ʮӸˣǵڣҶĻκ
ѪܹЩȫûУˣǵƤҲһҶĻʶʹɵģǵڣԾɱʳ⣬ʵ̳
˿̣ʮȴͬһվԾϢǿߵϢԼʮһģһƲ
ʮϵƲҶĻ֮ǰоǹɼ°ԵƲƿز
ƶʮͭȫ٣벻һƶȻ˸ǿʮ
ǧʱ䣬ҲûȰ
ԭأһ̹ȻĿŶʮˡ
Ȼ򵥵ļ仰ȴҶĻзˡ
һֻҪлѪͳ˶֪֣һڻʷܹΪǧһۣһɻһͳҴӰǧθֵߵʼʡ
ǰ˼ܹͬӰǧĿӣҲҪȻʧɫ
˿̣ҶĻȻ׶һλڣֱ֡
ʼʼɴ˫ۣҶĻƻһ㿴վޱʮˡ
ûиһǧŵȻûҺЩ˼һҲɾǻǧϹ
ޱʮˣҶĻеѾ޷ݡ
˵ӣӣӣЩʱͺʼʵ۶ͬһʱڵڻеӰʼʵһ˱ܽʱѹȥһʷµĶԳԽһС
һ˵ǰе𾪿֪
ǲǻʣΪû棬ΪλǰΪܹƿռ谭һǿŲʵǺ̶ֳȡ
һαӵУӦ̾Ѿˡ
ʮվԭأ첿ûκζһɼ°ԵȴǵͬʱԵ֮ƹӺһ㣬鷽ԲķΧض
Ȥޱҡҡͷ
Ȼһн䶨ɣûȻԭ컯һѳɶ֣Ҿ֪˹̣Ҳ޷ıڻûʵ
ҪģֻǸı佫
˵ţֻϵĺɫ޷ԶͷڷһѺ벻Ʈ˿˿ΪƴϿʼ֡
ûһֱȥ
ѹ
һվԭ˫붯ǰһơ
˲䣬ֻǿûκ˫ƶռ䣬ϵһӿȫǰۡ
䡣
һɱأ˫һƣ۶ԾŶʮ˳ȥ
һǿǿǰվʮλϵİ벽Ҳ˲䱻ɱǴǧĹϴڵܡ
һɿǿʼʵ۵ʮ˿ֻǾվԭء
䡣
ֲɢǿȫʼʵ۵ʮϣһʱ䣬һڡ
⡭
˿зʲôҶĻȴǿһ
Уʼʵ۵ʮԾһվԭأӵʮȻûгκһ˿˺ۣ
˵Ҳֻǲܰˣ
°ԵдֻʼʮͬͬУһȥԵϢɢš
ϢӰ£ѾĿռ䣬˲Ҫӷ롣
ʼʵ۵İԵ£ƿزѾĿռҲҪƿأһйһУһ֮ԣΪһ˾ϡ
ƿذԵļ
αһͬ޶֣Ȼ֮߱
塣
գһϷǺйصһУ޶Ҫ䳹

ʱʼʮϵİԵѾＫ£ޱߵϢӿǵأѹöһڰʥǿߣϢΪѣһҲ롣
ʮȣʮӰɴܣ볯ӹȥ
һ˲䣬ֻʼʮ˲һ㣬ԽһﷶΧֱǰʮֻȭһͬӡ
ʮȭУ޾Եƣʼʵ˲۵һ𷽲ӵһҪƴʮϡ
ڲ֮أܹۼԵУȻʼȴ԰ԵǿԵУֶβͬȴһģһ
䡭
ıʮͬͬһ֮£ֻԼڶʥվĴؾѣʯɽƴˡ
ȻһĽȴҶĻһ㡣
ˡ
ʼʵһͬŵʼһ㣬һվԭأһԾһվԭأˡ
֪ϷųƲܣۺʱεأϷԶڲ֮ء
ռıǰҲ޷Ҵܣ˵ʮδҲ̫߿Լˡ
䣬ºʼʮһӶԱ棬ա


520 ʼ
ʼʮһҪ˵ӣһڰʥǿߣҲûܵκһ˿˺
İټŴӳΨǿŴ͵ĳνһбΪӶȻ򣬶εأܹͬڲ֮ء
ʴˣӵĵڶνǲܣΪǧһ۵ʼҲҪһνĴڡ
ߣ˵ˣҲֻǲܣ޵С
ޱ֪ʲô޵С
ȡ
ٶȱȣʼʮ˿ͣЪʮֻȭ裬ٶȳȥ
ʼʵΪֻǾվԭأһֱӲȥûҪֵ˼
ĺ壬ΪıһʱڻĹŴ
ʼʷϲͣǧһۣӵС
˵ӵеĵһˣǲ֮ˣôǧһ۵ʼʱǿڣִϵڤѣ޵ж֡
ͬһʱڵ޵дڣֻʮӸԼµĿҲֻһסһֱȵӵʱȻ
䡭
ʼʮĶʮֻȭ£ֻͨ쳹صıһʱ䣬ֻԲڣ类ͣһ㣬زѿɽһĩյľ
ĵشӺһڰʥȴǰȻվлԵĲ޷ӽǣһ޷ص档
һӾۼγɵģ᲻ɴݡ
ڱֻ֪ܽǲܣǿҲ޷顣
ϡ
ڿ񹥣ͻȻֻʼʮֹͣʮڿУң·Լһڰʥǿߡ
ʮ뱬ȣһ̣ʮٶȳȥ
áߡ
ʮĴ˴γʹһֱƵɫ˸ı䡣
üͷһ˫һƣǿﲨ˫ֱ˲㽫󷽵İλʥһͬƳȥ漴ӱ˵һζֱֱĳſнʮȥ
ϡ
ٶȱȣʮ˫ʮȫһţֻʼʮȻ쳣ֵı仯
ܽ⡣
ʼʮԭͲ壬һزɵʼʱԲٿأɷӳǿսʮһȣֻʮȻԼٶȿʼܽ⣬ΪһҺ̬Ĵڡ
һ˲䣬еʮѾʧȡ֮һŲһǧƽ׵ĻĻֱӶȥ
䡣
˫ȭ治ɫҪĻ򴩡
һӵĹȴûκãĻǺĻѾǰ

󾢷Хֻһǧƽ׵ľ޴ĻγһԲؽΧС
סӺ󣬺ɫԲ㲻˶һƯڿУеҲκζ
վֻǲܣǿҲ㡣
ʹúܰɣ
ĻдʼǼΪԵĴЦʼѾȡսʤһ㡣
ô£ѵʼҪԼķסӲɣ
ܣʼʾǿڹŴǿӵһȣǿҲ޶ȣƾʮ٣Ҳסӵһˡ
һУҶĻЩɻ
ӷŵܿҶĻվԭأʮûа취˵һ˵ķΪڶʥµķȦҲ޷ƣ˿ʽͻȻתνȫҶĻԤϡ
һʱ֮䣬ҶĻЩһС
ٿ
üͷҶĻаֱ֮ӿ˫۵Զȥ
ҶĻ˫УɫԲǺɫԲʮ־޴ںɫԲУһҶĻ޷ֱӵĽڲ˸ȻӣȻɫԲⲿҶĻУȴȫȻ֮ͬǰ
֮ǰֻǾƯʱҶĻȴںıһȦɫĹΣЩɫϸӵϣкγɵľɽ
˿̣ںеȴͺγĶԱȣںУ±һҫ۵ĽΧɽϣҶĻͬϸߣЩϸȴûӵкκһֻΧĿռ䵱С
ȻʼԼķסӣͬĲкǼ᲻ɴݣϾӺľӣӴʱֻܺͿռ޷
֣ΪʼʣǹŴеǿڣҲӦǿŶԣƾԼʮкһֹܹͬк
ӺųƲܣΪֹܹʼһ֡
ɻ
ҶĻһɻһڰʥǿҲɻ󣬲ȴû˸ȥ鿴ʼչֵܣסˡ
ռסϷΣסҶã
Уǲκ𣬲
ס޵飬ܰɡ
ĴЦһһʧ󣬺ɫԲƯڿУǼ°ԵϢȴѾʧ
䡣
ڰڵɻʱ˽кĴɽͻȻһ¡
ɽһ붼Ȼһȴɴ˫ۡ
Ѫζ
ڴɽ𶯹˶ܹʮŵһѪζһ쳣ŨصѪζ
ҡ
Ȳкֶ㾹ȻʹͲǴ𣿡
䡭
ӵıŭ漴ֻ򲻶ϻζþȫź
⡭
ɴ˫ۣҶĻһУҲЩľ
ʱҶĻܹĵطȫһƬѪɫ棬գʯ飬һжһѪɫ£ǹ쳣ŨصѪϢЩѪɫдġ
ȻҶĻȴЩѪɫп

ҶĻǰٶλʥҲоˣѪɫУʻϢЩϢԶҶĻ޷ĵطӿȥ
ЩϢǴģô˶Ϣ
ԡ
üͷһҶĻ̸оԼϵ
һ쳣أ쳣΢˷ϴҶĻϵȻɶҶĻԣԺԲƵȻ޷յҶĻϵ
ãʼӸòڡ
뵽ӵĻԼٿ˿ԶҶĻ̸ֳһֲĲ롣
˵ǶҶĻǶͨ߶ԣҲԺԲƣЩͨˣȴΣ
кɢģôЩͨˡ


521 
ҶĻеĲ벢ûпܡ
֮ǰڿʼʮסӺҶĻ뵽һܡ
ʼʺĲк֮пܴһϵʹܹĲк
Ҳֻԭ򣬲ܽʼΪܹƾʮסΪӵһӵвܳνӡ
֪ʼʼΪŴеǿڣǹ۶򣬺ı£ôӼ仹Ǵʮ־޴Ĳܹ࣬ƾסӣǿжϾӺкϵֻһֿܣкһֱʮֽܵϵϵжӺкӡ
Ҳֻʼʷܹǿռ䣬һƬء
ȻʼʱкϵôкҲûпܡ
뵽һУҶĻ̾һ亹
ûҶĻԼĲ룬ӵĻȴѾ֤ʵҶĻĲ롣
ţһħͷǧǰҺһλʥ˻ˣʹһؽٴ˵أϵƿ»ûиԭýµһָơ
ٶ뿪ȥн֪ͨǿ߽
һΪȥ֪Ҫɸʬ
ӵԺ𣬾Щԭصİʥ
ǡһλǿʥֺ̹ǣʥ
˵ţλʥƯڿеĺ򲻽Щԥ
ٶλʥȫЩԥ
УʥԶͨҪöࡣ
ﲻֵܹģҵԻ취ȥˡӵ
ǡ
ߣͷж㣬һӣҪ顣

һڰʥǿɢԼٶȳ˷۶ȥһʧߡ
һڰʥȥҲһʱ֮䰲
ˣˣҪȾ˵
һжʱҶĻҡҡͷתѡһҪȥ
顣
ͻȻҶĻո׼ȥʱһ𶯸дҶĻԺ
أһжû𶯣ҶĻȴƸоﶼһ㣬ͣ
عͷҶĻһĿƯڿеĺԴǺڲӡ
顭
Īٴγ֣һΣҶĻֱɴ˫ۡ
ռ䡣
𶯵ĲǴأҲǿڳ쳣Ĵڣռ䡣
ռ
顭
һһɵ𶯸Ժдÿһ𶯸жһҪǿңһӣ㴫ʮŹ𶯡
ʮŹ𶯸йҶĻѾ˫ֱۣӿռ䵱ȫһɢʽĽɫƣЩɫɢԶɢ
ɢ˲㾭ҶĻһ˲䣬ҶĻһּΪܵĸо
ӵһˡӵһ˵ʵȻҪƬռ
˵ز˾һƬռռ䷶ΧڣȫּΪֲĹ
һƬ𾪣ҶĻûκԥԶ۶ȥ
һֱɵϰ￪ҶĻͣ
ӵĿռȻڵпռ
֪ɲͬںܹڲ֮أΪܹ￴󺣣ԼΪˮ󺣣ʹһ󺣣Ե󺣵ںȫ
ԲĿռֶѾȫҶĻ
䡭
˲䣬һͨ쳹صĺҶĻС
źֻ֣ҶĻǰİڣеȫ밼ݣڿռ䵱еȻγȫڵĺȥ
⼸ͬһʱ˺ǰԺΪģԲȫǡ
󣬽ɢȥ
ûȷԲڵһƽϢֻͬʱ֣źȥ
Щ⣬ÿһɿռ䵱۶ɣ˿ѷɫһλʥǿߵȫһһͬ
ࡣһУҶĻ˿ڿˮ
ӡӵһˣȳ̶ȵĹǷǰٶλʥվУȫ˲˰ɡ
ǿߣֲ˹
˺󼸲ҶĻҡҡͷ۽鲼ǰ˳ԭ·۶ȥ
䡭
ҶĻȥͨ쳹صĺڼӾۼԲڵһпռⲿܴڲл̵ʱڽ򳹵׺顣

ҶĻѡķΪϷ˳򣬲ִܹһУҺѪɫ۵ķǡǡ෴
ϾҶĻҪĿĻԱЩѪɫ۵ĵطҶĻ΢һ֪ȻһеߣǧһۣʼıڵأҶĻ˳ѪУͻᱻʼʱС
Ҫһ㣬˵ÿежвǿߴڣЩǿǽҲֵܹһʱ䡣
˵ˣʼʶкģЩϲڰʥĳУӵзҲֵ˶á
Ҫ
һƬ࣬ҶĻԼٷУϳǰȥڿһĲӰ
һӣӣӡ
ʱ䲻ţҶĻֻһζǰУתۼ䣬СʱһζҶĻľɫȻûʲôı䣬ʱҶĻȴѾս֮Զĵط
ˡ
ͻȻҶĻٷʱΪҶĻС
ţüͷһҶĻͣ˿ԼĿڡ
ô£
ˣˣˡ
ָأҶĻֻоԼʮ֮죬ͬսĺһ㣬ҶĻơ
ӿ죬ûиоΣɻ׷ףҶĻŤͷܣûΣС֡
ȸ·˵Ϊ˵ػ⣬ǺǧһĴأʲô鶼֡
ҡҡͷҶĻɻѹ£ٴǰȥ
һζҶĻȴǽޣκη紵ݶʮע⣬ϾԵ޹ӿ죬ΧΣյļʻǺܴġ
ӹҶĻٴͣ
ʱҶĻԵ޹ʼӿûлָøˣˣҶĻͷһɷǳֵĸо
üͷҶĻԼķпνɻ
ֵĸоʲôٻң
ӦǴɣ˵ʼʵĵ̣֮ǰôжٻҡ
·Ҫ
һݣҶĻûǹ΢ٻУԼϱǰȥ
θ·һҶĻĸо֣ÿҶĻǰһξ룬ͻһأԺǹٻоͻǿһ˿
СʱҶĻͣ
ʱҶĻѾ쵽һֽ޷ݵĵزԺеٻиǿޱȣԼĳһλٻԼһ㡣


522 
ô£
üͷҶĻվڿУһĿڣɫԵʮࡣ
ʱҶĻٶѳ˳˵֪ٶȶ쳣̬ƲСǿҶĻԣȴһҲ£޹֮죬ټϳԺ쳣ǿҵٻУһжҶĻоʮ֣ɻ
ǱߵʲôüͷҶĻԼķɫЩԥ
ܹǿҵĸӦҶĻԿ϶ǱߵĶʮа˾ŶôǴô
ʱҶĻ飬ν޼ۣҶĻҪȥˣ˭κһȥģᣬɴı硣
ҶĻ֪Լ㲻һˣҲһˣΣͻȥȥһˣʱҶĻ
ɫҶĻһվԭء
죬ҶĻо֣Ȼ˾ϡ
ˣ죬Ҳ֮⣬Żһλʥﾭûг
Ҳ˵ԶĶֻܹӦҶһȴʱ
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ȭͷһҶĻԼǲϱԺԽԽǿٻУֻһζǰ·
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вϴߴԼҶĻٶԽԽ죬ڵͼѪͬʱתһ˲Ѿٶȡ
̫ˣٿһ㡣
оԼٶûʲô仯ҶĻֱһݣһ̣ҶĻĶ˸ı䡣

̶ľХҶĻԭ˲ʧͬһʱ䣬ҶĻѾʮ׿⣬ҶĻļӦ֮һҶĻŲʽ
ͬ˲һ㣬ҶĻϳԶǰڿռбܿ޷·ϰֱ߳ǰϳ̡
ҶĻɽһʵ֮һɽΪ֮ɽȣҶĻҪִУҪԽʮ֮һҵ
ǲʹü¸·ҶĻҲн˸Сʱ˸Сʱ뿪ɽΧ÷һСʱִܹ˵ĳУܹҪŸСʱҡ
˷ҶĻԼ¸·и·ٶ֮죬ھǿи˲ơ
һСʱһСʱҶĻѾ˾ɽıԵش
á
ո뿪ɽΧҶĻ㾪˳

ɽеҶĻԣԺԲƣɽ֮ľҲһ뿪ɽ˲䣬ҶĻȴоɢȻ۳һɼΪֲɿֲĿ꣬ҶĻĿĵأС
ǧһۣҪ񵽺̶ֳȣ˿ֲûǿ赲һеͨˣȫᱻɸʬ
⻹ֻһǡ
ӡҪô𣿡
һ䣬ҶĻٶȶ˲ưٶȳųǱǰ
һӣӣӡ
ʱһһţҶĻн𣬲ϼӿٶȡ
ڣڿʮӺҶĻǿԼĿĵء
Զƽԭϣһ쳣ưܣѾҪƽصĳ
мޱȵĳǽѻٻųϣֻʣһЩ̨ڣҲѺۡ
濴ȥܹееķѾǲԫϱڣеʮ˾ۼڳ룬д붼˲ʿϸŲٸʬȻѾ˱ˡ
˿̣һǿվȺΧԵչ֣ʮ˱С
ǿܶ࣬һǧˣһǧ˵ȴֻƼǿߣǶλԾǨµĴڡ
ֲ·㣬ھ˵ϣһƣ
ãˡ
ȻԵú⣬ҶĻҲһ˻ڡ
δܶҶĻȺǱ߼۶ȥ
ոǰҶĻ˳ˣ˵ԽЩϵİ˳
ɢĺ
һһ۱ҶĻ³ҶĻģڹ֮żʮʵеõһ
ҶĻԣûʲôֵǵһʵǿߣ˿̷ǣҶĻҲʲô
ҶĻһ·۶ٶȣһǧλǿߵע⣬˷ҶĻһڣЩ˱ҶĻ˵ķת
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523 Ӱʵ
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ֻϲ֪˵أܹӵٶȣȻ⡣
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526 Ԭ
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üͷһҶĻһУã
òᣬЩʼǸӵıٻȥ˰ɡ
ˣȥҲʹıȥ濴˵
ѹеɻҶĻȥʼʷ飬ִ˫ǹֱ˴С
ԴӴ·Ľɫʯͷ򴩺ҶĻԺеٻиǱʱҶĻվоԼĶߴԼһ㣬ڲٻѾȫռҶĻġ
δܶҶĻԼٶȥ
ӣɫʯڣҶĻѾһط
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ҶĻһɫͨͨȫɴӵײ᲻ɴݵĽɫʯΪͨҶĻվ֮ͨʼˡ
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ܽܽ
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⡭
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ΪʯеĶ
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°ԵϢ
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˵֫˩ɫɫһֱ쵽ɫǽڵУ˹̶ԭء
ȻҶĻ𾪵ģϵϢԼߺࡣ
ϵϢһֳ޾񣬺޾֪ϢУϢǳǿ߶еϢҲ˵һλǿߡ
һλߺֻ࣬ʮǿߡ
ǿߡʷϺʱֹߺ࿴ֻʮǿߣ
ǳɾ˵κ඼ı䣬һλôܱ
һĻԺдܳʣҶĻĺԵЩ١
ȿȿȡ

Ȼһһֱڻ˯еǿ߻˫ۣ˫ۺĺȴԵ쳣٣ѾҪߵͷһ㡣
㡭˫ʣڼΪ̧ͷ
ҶĻ΢΢һ㶣һȴ¶һ˿εЦ⡣
ҶĻûв´ĻӦþҶĻɣ˵㡣
벻ҿ׷Ѱ֮ǰһֱҪõһ붫Ȼϡ
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ҶĻԿ϶ԼʶǰλֵڣͶԷûйκνʱλǿͻȻгҶĻ֣ҶĻһŵҶĻ㿪ǹ
ǺǣСӣʲôһ֮ʲôµġһЦڵ͸¶˿˿ԳڵʵһŽ׽߶磬˵նɱλں˰ʥʯ۷嶥󽫡
ǸͣͽնɱʳѪһʥʯˡ
㵽˭ġ
зˣλڵĻ֮ҶĻѾ𾪵Ըӵĵز
Ž׽ߣǿߣЩʻǵǿ߼רʻ㣬򣬳ҶĻ⣬ӣӣʼҲ֪Щʻʲô˼ǰλǿȴ˵ЩȻ֪Щʻ˼ҶĻɻǣλеİʥʯ
λǿִˣҶĻûΪҶĻִ֪ǿߡ
ǺǡҵӦ
ҽԬ
ԾɹЦ⣬ǿ߻Լ֣ԬҶĻߣȴͬһ㣬ʹҶĻԭء
Ԭϣˣĸ֪
̰˹̹򿪷ߵĴڣһѧҡ
ԬҶĻ֪ܲڽǵشŪõϷӿΪȫ񹫵еģԬˡ
ǰλ߶ֻʮǿߣҶĻʵǲǻѧţԬ
㡭ɴ˫ۣһָԬҶĻһʱ֮䲻֪˵Щʲô
Ԭֳ󶯾󣬱㲻ӰѾԬͻһǵһȵٴγ֣ӡ򿪵ʱ
Ϻڶֵʱ䣬ӵĻԼԼϴθоԬϵϢҶĻѾԶ϶ǰˣʮа˾Ԭˡ
ô𣿡ԬЩԳЦ
ȷʵշޱȣӵʮλ󽫴ڣλ벽ʵ壬ȵκһԬȻ䵽˲ҾڳɾΪ˽ӡ
κ˶ԽʵڤѣҲһ
˵ţԬϳ˰ٰΣиڲԳ
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첢޵СûҶĻ˵꣬ԬҶĻ
ܹҷŻĵʮսһȻ֪˭ĵ̡
ǧһۣʼˣǱΪŴ´ڵĵһǧķӡ
ҸոճɾʵʮΪѾˣҶãһܻڣ


527 
ʼʡɫһҶĻȻѲµ˴𰸣ЩԾ
ҶĻǿߣڵֻ֪һţ̫ҶĻ;˵УɾӵܣǼ޵еĴڡ
ҶĻûһλԽһλǿѹΪԼĽ
ǧһ۵ܹܲģʵѹһոճΪҸȵǿߣ㲻ʲô
ʮѷû⣬ÿһ൱ڴǿߣʮ֣ԶԶֿܹģ˵ı𣬹Ŵļ´ڣǵС
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ҶĻʱԬ˵Сӣܸܲңεִġ
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˼ĸϵͨȻǻǧϹһʯ֮ơ
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ԣǴԶǿΪλʧ
ΪǿԶǿӦѵõŶԡ
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ҶĻĿ⣬Ԭһ֪˵ģСӣǲ֪


528 Ԭ֮
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ҪżҰѻ˵ꡣ
Сӣղ˵ԶǿĽǴ˹򣬵ûĵط
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ҿʮ׵ĸ㣬ﻹԶǿĵطǴĵ򡣡
Ա֮Ϊǵƶء
ʼǸӵʵʱԼ޵еʵνǺаԵһڶǿƣˣȴ򡣡
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ֱǺǺǣڽ⿪ӡ󣬵ִıغҲӦ˽ˡ
Ϊṩ˵ķѽնɱﻹὫ
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ǧľӪѾױʼʵĵطͬһʵӵĵطһܹһʵΧĿռ䣬ʼվĴϣҲܹһԶϾӺϵ
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ʼһԬҲһӡ
ҶĻ󣬵ԹԳƵԬڵִȻʼʣֹ˵һأҲ֪ȻԬʼʵʮ򱬣Ԭṩ˻ָʼƵİ취ѻɻңﻹнľ档
ԬṩָƵİ취˵ȻֶΣʼͨʬָ
ǺǺǣСӣҪôңЩͨ˵ҺθɡһЦԬԵú⡣
ߡһҶĻδ˵ʲô˵Щʲôϵֱһɣɲϻġ
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ٺٺ١
һЦڵϵԬδ˵ʲôǵͷ
ȿȿȡ
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һ֪ΪһմѪֻаָ׸ǴСʯͷ
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ʯͷҶĻԺеٻиǿޣʣٻҶĻģʯͷ
ȻʯͷȴҶĻоޱϤ
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ʯͷҶĻںϵǿɫʯͷһģһ͸Ѫܹ˿˿⡣
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ǺǺǡ̧ͷԬΪЦ
СӣѾ֪ˣʯͷٻĶһĽᾧ
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һУҶĻ˵ͷȡʲôУڴ˵أҪص򣬱ȵĿռŹɣֻͨɫ򣬺ɫͨͨŻ򿪡
㻹ûиңҪ֪Ķ
ٺٺ١ЦԬеѪϵڵأ㼱ʲôҼȻȥȻҵİ취
Ŀռʵѹɣ㱻λʥƭˣνŹܣֻڵȴռȹ̣ûȹ̵ĿռȻҲʹãȴֻµͨһﵽΣȴųȹ̲С
ͨھͿʹãֱǰһֻҪִһεأһҵᾧ飬һλǿߵֱӱһǰͨͬͨҲֻµǿͨ
㷵ص⡣
ȡʲô㵽֪ˡ

˵ţԬĴϢԽԽ٣ϵϢҲԽԽ
ǿŵʹ࣬Ԭ˵ʵУڴֱ֮ǰõĶЩӦÿԽ⿪еɻ󡣡
ȥɣҵҪ󡣡
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˵һУԬһЦ漴ͣûϢ
Ȼˡüͷһų׶ԬҶĻԾЩɡ
һλڣȻϢǰ
ҸΪҶĻɻԬҪ󣬾Ȼֻȥʵȡһһһʯͷ˳صһжҶĻоɻ
ϾԬɲʲôˣǡǡ෴һӣһΪоȫļ˷ӣַôܻ˺ġ
ˣôѾ֣ڷصҲǱġ
ǰ֪ͨһԪ˧ͷˣԱЩǿߵǹʹ
лĻԼʶʶ
˵ͷҶĻϵ
ԬҶĻвͣһʻһ㣬һаС
һҶĻޱȺ棬ܹٻʯͷʱȴκζֻǽʱҶĻԺеٻиǿˡ
֮⣬һͨʯͷ
һģһʯͷ֮ǰһҲһֱûжֱǿС󣬷ҵڣʯͷǿһҲҪǺİܹҵڡ
װָҶĻûٶֱͣתҪ뿪

ҶĻת˲䣬һ󾢷漴ֻԬʬ壬ȻԼٶȻɻңڽɫʯвƮ
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üͷһ۲ƮķɻңҶĻҡҡͷ󲽳ȥ

ҶĻ뿪ʱ˵ؼԶʼʱڵĹС
˿̣ʼʱǰվһһģһȴѺ۵ӡ
ʼʵʮ
ϣ޶Ҫɱ㡣
ɫʼ˫ַڵʮ˫ϡ
䡣
˲䣬һ쳣ƴļ°ԵϢʼϳŷӿȥ
ں°ԵǵĹ£ʮϵѺۿɼٶȿʼָѺ۱ȫʧƴδֹһ㡣
ţһֱ˫۵ʼʵʮ˫ۡ


529 ׷ɱ
˲䣬һɼǿʼʵʮɢ
Ϣ֮ǿ֮ǰʼʵʮ屶࣬
ʱʼʵʮϣһ֮ɫ
ֻ̥ôǼˣʱ仹ޡ
һﵽʱޣ᳹׻ȥ
ʱ๻ˣڷȥ֮ǰԽֻնɱ
ɫһݣʼʵʮֱ̤Źȥ
ʮʼֶǿйעǣʱʼʱȴôܡ
ʼʱϣ˲̬Ĳ԰ףǣ˿˿Ѫ
ȿȿȡɶǸطµƾȻ˹졣
Һ֮ṩķúԪ޶Ȼܹڴֿʼǰ׻ָơ
һ޵ƸԭټǧĹ¼ĥʱֻܹһС
֮ĪֻҪ޵õ޾ǿսԾΪ޵
ʼĻ£°ԵдҰлص

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ϣ˲ԬǼһӰ⣬Ҳûʲôˡ
ֱȥ֮ɽǱߣ˳ԿԬڲͺһȥڣҲֻˡ
໹ʮͻ᳹׹ɣʱĲˡ
ջĿ⣬漴ҶĻδܶԼٳԶʼۡ

ոնҶĻ㽫˫еת£ֻҶĻ˲ʧԭأһ̱Ѿʮ׿⴦
Լ޸·ҶĻϳǰŲơ
֮ǰҶĻ֮ɽȸСʱҶĻԼ޸·ʮӱִܹ֮ɽȣٶȲν죬ڡ

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ǰҶĻܹоһɼΪƴϢԼ߷ңϢҶĻǳϤ
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˵һУһҪΪʵ

ʼʱŭҶĻȴǲ֪ʱҶĻոջָվ
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δܶվںڶǰҶĻûκԥֱС
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ͻȻӰԺڰ̫˸ոʧСͺڶ
һͷɢθߴӣһ״ݲߣһ׷ͯյߡ
ϵȻͬϣȴɢΪȻɵϢ
ǳһֱפںɫϵˣλڡ
ĿռΪңҷŴ˴ͻȻһɺƴ֮ǰǿռ䣬òѾɹˡ˫Ŀֱ֮ǰڶֵĵطݲһࡣ
ҵڴ˵פǧ꣬򼸺Ƿһ飬ǿڣǲ֪ܲǹɫͬЩ࣬ӻ˵
е㳬ǵԤˣʵÿһλڣҪ࣬һλڼǿռ䣬ռԾͨҲ޷У˵ڸʲô
òﲢδȥһֱڰѰɡ˫Ŀ׷ͯյԴǵ˵
пܣƬǿոûб߼ʣһֱƶ̫ǧ꣬Ҳûпܡ
֮ǽ֪ͨһߵˣԷشʡ

߰ɡ
໥˵ͷ漴һ˺ɫ
λڵУʵҪĶǿ߻ֻܻǧٶ꣬ΪʱĴڣǺͿһвҪġ
ĽҪͷκη紵ݶеɣʵϣЩԶļ򵥡

λڴĲɺ͵ȥҶĻȴǸոտʼԼʹ֮á
ʱĥҶĻʵνǱҲԭ̤ʱѾһǿߣһͨĴǿߣҪǿռѺ۵ԾͨдУֱһ˲ᱻռѺиƬ
Ϊ˲ͨеĿռѺ˵ոսͨҶĻĶɱǣİ˳ɱǻס񣬶ʹȫ˳ɵĺڽɫγһ֣ĿռѺۣǽڣʹƴֵռѺۡ
˫طʵķ£ĿռѺۼ޷ӽżмռѺ۴ҲֻˣҶĻԵڶ̱ܹ
һҶĻȴеˡ
ǣɺڽɫҶĻԶͬǿߣԽ벽ǿߣҶĻҲǼҡ
ÿһռѺۣҶĻϴһɼǣͷжϵĿֲ˺ۣ˫£Щ˺ȴ˲临ԭ
˷ҶĻܵʹ࣬ҪԶ֮ǰһͨܵʹࡣ
ٺ٣ҪģһЩֻҪɱǲ֮
ųǧһ۵ʼҲɱң˵ռѺۡ
죬ҶĻһЦĶ˵
δ˵ʲôĬĬһҶĻþһȫʼֵſռѺ۵Ϯ
ҶĻΪ˱ֻиõıԼǶҶĻĻر
ռͨеǹޱӵ򵽴ɫʱҶĻͨƯʮʱ䣬˷ص򣬴񣬼ǲϼ٣ҲҪʮʱ䡣
Χľɫһɲ䣬ҪޱʹĥʱҶĻԣÿһ붼һꡣ
һ죬죬졭
ʱʧӵ쿪ʼռͨеѺ۱㿪ʼʧΪһ쿪ʼɫ򣬻ǣһʵһпռԾͨѾϣռͨѺȻʧ
Ѻ۵ʧȴҶĻ飬ʹҶĻٶȼӿ˸·ٶȡ
Լڿռͨи·ʱĸܿҶĻԺʧһֱ˿Զһ⣬ҶĻ𽥻ָ˶ʱ֪
ˣǵˡ
вϿ񺰣ҶĻǰ⣬֪ӿһǿٶ˲䱩

һֻ̣оһ٣Ѿ뿪˿ռԾͨ
ڿΧľɫҶĻȴе֡
ǳλóһЩƫüͷһҶĻЩε˵
ȷʵ뿪˿ռԾͨʱȴδڻϡ
˵һ޼ʵĺڰ˻̫ա
ȻȻƫƫλȴ̫ף˵ĲԶǻǡ
ʲô飬ҪյĻͳ·ʵģƫţվһЩ⡣
еʱ⻹ͦõġ
˵ţҶĻָ˺ͻ෴ķ
˳ҶĻָķȥԶܹһСͺڶڲͨСͺڶ
߰ɣҪץʱ䣬ǽͨĵ쿪ʼռͨѾɣ˵Ѿǿ߽ͨڳ߸ϡ
һҪЩ֮ǰִ򡣡
˵ţҶĻٶȼۣСͺڶǱ߸ȥ
Сʱ˽СͺڶߣһСʱʱ䣬˱ܹص


534 
ڲĻѱڤѺԬսʱನȥԺ󣬸פǿ߱ȫأʱϳ˼оԱ⣬Ѿûκһǿߡ
˿̵쳣ƽ
顭
ͻȻƽһĵرƿƮֱ󷽲ƽ
һ̣ԭһ˵϶Ӱ
ҶĻ
ԴǼ鷢󣬸פǿҲˡſһ˵棬ҶĻͷ˵
²˳٣Ƿͷж
СȻص֪ͨȥԬʵöϾҪõϵĸǣֵ֤ݻǱƷ
š
һۣҶĻͬʱ˵ͷ漴̳ŵȥҶĻû뿪򣬶ǿ׼һ򣬳Զۡ
Ԭʵңڵϣ
νΣյĵطȫĵطûбԬǰһֱڤԼΪصأû˸ƻһСʲôʣڶ򿪣ֻҪԬʵҽùΣܹǿߵ̽⣬ô㲻ᱻ֡

ηɴܣҶĻȫչϳǰۡ
ԼĪʮӺҶĻͣʼһĹ۲ĵΡ
ʱҶĻվĵط֮ǰĵطڴϼûʲôֻһЩϸ΢Ĳ֮ͬ
СɨӣҶĻһһ鿴ء
Ӧ죬ҶĻ˵ͷԬ˵ʵҽڲڵرİ취۲Ļȴܹһڣʮ໥ص
һĵηǳͨôûʲôĵط̸ҵİ취۲죬ʮȴĴڡ
֡
һҶĻͣЪͬͬʱĶ˫ϡ
ֻҶĻվԭأҽ̧𣬿زڵϡ
䡣
̫УɵҶĻΪɢһ̣ҶĻѾһףܹͬʱͨĴӡ
ӱԵ⻬ޱȣܸûκ𻵣ҶĻһţƸ߶ͷһ㣬ĿѾһֳ뻯ľء
δܶҶĻ°״ӣҽż²ȡ
䡭
ҽŲ̤ɵ첻ϴһӺҶĻѾһǧףոպܹͨͨ
վͨײҶĻûܵұڡ
ԬʵұһϰǿҲҵλãˡ
ҵӽǣ˫еҲ޷һκõĶ
ϸһҡ
˫ֲûұڣҶĻұڴص
죬ҶĻʼûϽǵұڡ
ӦþĻصе⡣
һԡ
˵ͷҶĻתȭͷ׼Ͻǵұڡ
䡣
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ҶĻһȭǰʯڽʮױͣ
һȭͨʯڴװݼֱ׾٣ȴֻǴʮװݣǰ涨Ȼж

סϢҶĻȭٶȷǰʼ
䡭
ɵһʮȭҶĻͣ
ʮȭոմҶĻоǰжͻȻѣţһɴϢ̴ҶĻԺ
ʱҶĻǰ׵ĵطһ󶴡
һܣ˳Ŵ󶴽ȥһ̣ҶĻѾһط
Ԭרʵҡ
ʵҵĲּΪ򵥣һ򳡴Сûκμв㣬Ҳûжķ䣬ʵһ۱ܹͷ۵ףʵУŨĴ
ȻءʵڲһУҶĻ̾
ԬǼһﵽʲôУҪĶ
һҡ
΢ҶĻ첽Уʼʵз
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һֱĻϣһŴȫҶĻע
Զǿռʵ
Ļϵһ֣ҶĻһ
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ƪϵĿ˱ҶĻһѡ
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ֱǰ꣬ʱѵ򣬲ʵңΪȫѧȨʿԬӵԼרʵҡ
һʵⱬըԬѲƲԶǿСվ
վУԬҵԶǿһϣԬеһоרоϣʮλѧңֳںʱ£Ԭǽһķ˹ȻЩѱնɱһա
һԶǿо룬Ԭʷϵһѧҵ·ӵ˳Խ꣬ǧĻ֪ʶ
һϵоͷԬһֱһܽУֱһνһ˲һΡ
һεһѱԬɾǳҲܿļ򵥱棬ҶĻȻȫ
ʱҶĻԺеһɻѾȫʧ⡣
ԭˣ൮ҲԶǿ֮ͷҶĻԴָóǿɫСʯͷ
ԶǿΪ˴࣬ķһȺųϵʣڵʱݳޣȽ޵Ͷ룬Ŀʵ򡣡
Ŀ˹򣬱޵׶˵бʼռݵǿڽʱֱӱϣ൮ǰǻоһʵ壬ʵ壬ɼΪ˴࣬ȻѾ㾡ȫ֮
ķȫֻ֮Ϊ˴壬ΪԼĻԶǿĸ߲㣬ӱ¿ˡ
࣬վҲֻʵ壬Ȼһռʵ塣
˵ţҶĻĻϵһ֡
һϸԶǿоɡ

Զǿо壬ΪԼﵽľأΪĴڡ
ϾڵҲֻˣȱ
磬Ҫﵽϵ޽ͼܣΪÿѱһΣ·Ҫʮٱ


535 ʥʯƻ
൮ȱݱǻдһּ޷ÿƼֶν⿪ļ
ܹ޽ϸǿϣȻ޽ȻҲ޵ÿһһǿʮϰٱ
ȱݣǴֱһԶǿ޷ķʽ⿪һһ룬ҲԾһ⡣
ȻǰϵУԬȴ˵ԶǿѾҵİ취
ͨ࣬о࣬ۿʷԼ֮ǰʵܽᣬԶǿҵİ취
ľ취ȴЩģΪԶǿû֪˵ԬЩŴҲһ֪
Ҫ׷ˣûоֻ֪֪İ취ԶǿǵУֻҪԶǿǣпܻõ
ǰɻǽˣȴµɻ󡣡üͷҶĻԼĶͷ
Զǿôأ
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ˣȰϢȥĿǰȷһ£ʮа˾ʵڵģȻԼλŴǿߣʼӣҲ˷ˡ
ʱ䡭˵ţҶĻ˵ͷҪõҪԶǿǡ
ȴ˵ԶǿҲһž޴ޱȵ˹һֱƮûоλá
Ҫ߹̶ĿռͨȻͨͨҪȴҪȣȴһ˹֣˹ͨԴͨԶǿǵͨ
ûдĻһ˹ֵʱ䣬Ӧ˹򳹵Ӻĵһ졣
ʱ㹻ˡ
Ǻ󻰣Ҫǣʥʯô죿ҵڡ
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ʯͷΪʥʯԶǿڴǰƶһûɼƻʥʯƻĲ
ڴǰԶǿҲûȥ취⿪ڵļİ취ֲһ쳣ϡУԶǿȺڣҲ޼֮Ļںϲ
ֻںϲһֲڣںϣ嵱ʼֲһһڡ
ѭڲͬڽһֱȵ׳ͺ󣬱ΪһűΪʥʯʯͷ
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ЩǧſңҪǧſ˲С
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ˡ
ͻȻһҶĻС
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䡣
ڽɫ汩ҶĻһ˲ʹȫźڽɫƱѵֱȥ
顭
һ̣ҶĻ𾪵һĻˡ
һ׳ĺڽɫƱѵȻͣ˿УƱѵвһʱӵֱͣ˿С

תӵڽɫʧ˿С
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챬ҶĻվԭأ϶ʮͼͬѪһתһʮǹ
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һУҶĻе𾪸Ըӡ

˲ҶĻ٣ٶƱѵȥ
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536 ת
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ɲǼ䣬ΪֲΪı俪ʵеһƷɣӲޱȵǽڿʼ죬ȫѹµĺڽɫǣУܹڽɫڲͣӿѣڽ΢ͺ˱ըһ㡣
ôˡ
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ʱѾȫ͸һڴĿϣΧһѾҶĻɱǵãˣҶĻҲҿ϶Ρ
ˡ
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ּ٣ҶĻɱĿԬʱҶĻǺ޲ýԬʬΡ
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ʱҶĻг˲룬Ԭλлѧٶ꣬ʥʯޱ˽ĹţȻҲ뵽һЩ
ܣܡԺгֲ룬ԬֱӾ˳
ôӵӴں˰ʥʯӵǧſѾˣҲӵǧſʥʯӦȻҪµǧſ֡
ôӵаǧſ˵㵽ʲô


537 ֮
Ȼ
ԬˣҶĻȻԭûȴѾ˿˿ϲ⡣
˿̣뵽һ飬µԵɡ
ҶĻһаǧſ˵ЩҶĻԣ޾ںϰʥʯҶĻǧſ˵˻Уǧſ˴״̬޷ʹá
ǧſԬһǿߵѻǧſˣոպǧſ㹻ںһʥʯټҶĻѾں˰ʥʯԲŻʹ˿̵״
ֻǽʥʯ£ûںϵԬʱ״·硣
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ԺǲϷڣԬ㾡ȫҪڵվҲֻһոճɾĴڰˡ
ڣҪ˵൱УУҲǿԺߵĽɫԶǿƨһ鱻ԶǿΪʥʯ£ԬԵ޷ֹʧֻԼ˥
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ΪţԬԼ԰Ǵʱھ·磬Ҫ˶þͻᱻҶĻɣҲͷȥģҶĻһ
˵ҶĻʼʵĥԬҲͷֻıв֣ҶĻԼǻ۽Լ˳
߰Ҳġ
ûʲôҾһࡣԭأҶĻһƽĿŽߵԬԼĻ𣿡
ֻںһЩˣأ
ɫƽ˵һУҶĻ㲻˵ֻǾؿԬ
ԬҲûǷߺޣʵĿȴδ뿪ҶĻ
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ʱţԬǿϢڲϵ˥ҶĻϵȴκθı䡣
ϾҶĻڵģֻҶĻȱҲǧſҶĻڣҶĻԣûʲôı䣬һͰǧֻʹһٵ˶ԣһ
ʮӹԬھųɾϵҶĻڡ
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ɴ˫ۣǲʣԬһֻ˫ַſҶĻֱԵ˵ϡ

ͻȻԬȥ˲䣬һ׹Ԭзɳһ˲ҶĻ漴ʧ
Ԭǰ黹ûбںϵʥʯ
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ڵϣԬںʥʯںϵҶĻеĲʣߺޣѾＫ¡
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Դ֪ʥʯܺԬķԴڴֱǰǲԱռ鱨ãã˺Ѱʥʯֲ塣
ǰǰķٶʱ䣬ԬνǷѾͷȴΪ˼£Ԭܸġ
ʱԬ˲ʣҲֻܲʣȫʧվ˵ɱҶĻ

֣ԬָҶĻв֪ڽкʲô
ȫԬĴڣҶĻʱϸڵһС
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֡üͷ΢壬ҶĻԼ˫֣˵ںʥʯӦûַǳĸıŶԣ⡭
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Ҫ˵ıĻֻ˵Ļָ֮ǰǿˣڵҾǰҲһȫָ
ˣԺоɣ͵ʥʯڵʱԶǿҲҪо͸Ʋһʱܹ쵽ġ
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ŵĿȴޱȶʵԬҶĻûһ˿
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ѪԼ򣬽Ĺ
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Ǻǿȥ񶼻Լٶɢھɢȴһʱһʱ䡣
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֮ʧʣµģıԴ֮ҶĻûȥһֱȣȵıԬڵıԴ֮
һ˵ǿȥ󣬼ǱԴܹ֮һʱ䣬Ҳ޷գϾЩԴ֮лӵźԭ˵ӡǣֻ֮ԭˣ֮ʯȥеӡǺ󣬲ܹա
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İʥʯԬԼʹùѻ֮ӡǵͬпܿµıԴ֮
һλµıԴ֮ǺεӴ󣬼޾ǺĹҵǱܣҲ޷ȫա
ϣԡ


538 ٱ
³һʱҶĻ鵱ֽš
նɱһλǿߣλǿµıԴ֮飬ҶĻǰ붼룬Ϊٷ֮һʱȴķҶĻϣһжҶĻޱȽš
ǿµıԴܹ֮ȫգֻһ룬ҲᱩǵһּΪŵľء
൱еκǿߣڳɾͰ벽ǱѾھһգǵǲ޷ټǽǱҲԪ˧ʺͨ벽ǿߵʮ屶ҡ
ܹԬµһ뱾Դ֮ôҵʺҲȻᳬԽԪ˧ʱҵʵ
һҪɹ
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ԺһƬڤҶĻͷ˳ֽ뵽Ԭڡ
䡣
˲䣬ҶĻֻоһɺƿ˺ХһЩһƨϡ
һҶĻŷӦһжǻþ
Լǰûκһжı䣬ֻþԭ򣬱ҶĻͷԬڿΡ
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ҶĻʵѾǼǿߵӺҶĻʵܹЩڵԶư벽ǿߡ
ʵҶĻڽӴһλǿߵʬ󣬰˵ӦҲˣһжΪԬԡ
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һֻ̣ҶĻĳȡԬǰ纣ıԴ֮һӿ漴ƾ̺ˮһ㣬ҶĻӿ
ˣȻĳɹˡˣҶĻ̿˳
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ҵҪںһʥʯҵǱܵж󡣡
ĻҶĻڣʼϸϸ֪ԼԬڱԴ֮һй̣Լĸı䡣
ıԴ֮壬ЩԴ֮ͬΪһ㣬ո壬ͱҶĻɱԼʥĸա
űԴ֮գҶĻǿʼͣ׳ͬʱҲڿš
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ô£
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ܣϸӵǱ޾ԶǿĴҲһ
գҾͲҵǱĿԽһλڵıԴ֮ȫա
зǳɻҶĻάȣԬڵһ뱾Դ֮
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֮ǰҶĻ飬ϢȻվͬһͨˣڵҶĻէһȥȴһͷѪԶޡ
Ϊǿ󣬽ܹѵǿϢţͬףվһܹôر飬һۿȥܹһͨˡ

վԭأҶĻϵԼĺŬԼϢ
ҶĻŬ쳣ֲϢʼ𽥵ȥһһ㣬ӺҶĻϵѾȫʧ漴ҶĻ˫ۡ
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ڡ
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˿̵ҶĻŵ˼£ӵͨ벽ǿһٶ౶һλǿڴ˴ҶĻȻǰȥս
ӵʵҲ߱ʱ
Ȼص֪ͨ
˵ͷҶĻתһԼ¼ϵĵ漴뿪˴˵ء


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뿪˲䣬ҶĻһһڽɫ䵽Ԭͬݲһʬϣ˲䣬ֻԬʬȫڽɫ
ΪǿߣѾȥ˵ʬҲͬһ㣬ǧ겻𣬵ʱԬʬУǣԴ֮ԼάǿȵȵȣһϵѾʧҶĻĺڽɫ£Ȼȼա
һᣬԬʬѾһŻҽ
ֱ൮ĵһǿߣе

˿ϵһŻҽҶĻҡҡͷ漴ֱӳȥ
䡣
ոնһɼǿƴһҶĻϿӿƣҶĻ˲ʧһ̳ʱѾվ档
졣
ҶĻչֵٶȣѾ쵽һֱ̬ĵزҲ֮ǰʮܹ࣬һЩոճɾǿߡ
ӵٶȣҶĻûʹ¸·
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̫УźƽߵĵҶĻвЩһ˼ͷȻ
򣬺ܿܵԶĵҶĻ΢

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УйԱһɻ󣬵ЩԱغϷϢȴûκηӦϰһС

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͸
ҶĻ͸ԷˣۿȥҶĻŶԷȻ
ҶĻĸ֪УϣûκζҲûУҶĻԷʱһҪԷԵĳ嶯
ܹڵҶĻָоߵݺԡ
ڣһǹŴڡ
ǧϣ벻䵽˺档


540 Ĵ
ߣҶĻȻ֪Է˭ʲôȴȷԷȻǸոմӺɫĹŴǿߡ
ҶĻעʱҲҶĻһۡ
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ҶĻţȴ֮ȻᱻһνĹˣ˵Ҵľٶѷ˲ԡ
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ջ治һĴ󡣡
ǰô죬ҪҪٿϻ顣ɫҶĻһʵ
ҪȻҪ˵ͷٿϻ飬Ҳ֪ͨԻ飬ȻҪȥǱߡ
Ҫżȿ
ֹҶĻûҶĻ˵ǰϵĻ漴һƪϳҶĻǰ
ȥǱߵһ棬ǵһģһģǹӡ
Ϻһ֮ǰҵͿӸһģһóһ֤
ϧ֪֮ǰҵЩ
ǡüͷҶĻĿϵĻ
ĻϵϷǳӣıݣһۿȥһҪʵĳ嶯ҶĻĿ⣬ȴضĻϷļ֡
ռʵط
⣬ǡ˲ɴ˫ָۣǰϣҶĻһ𾪵Ŀ
ûпġ˵ͷҵڵִɫֱӱڵ£ƪϱ½һ׵ĵطֵġ
Ҵʼˣܵ飬Ӧ顣
Ķȴ඼Ƕ϶ģмֵıһܽĲִսһһƪȱĻط
ֻڵսĵطҵܹĵķ
ҲΪĳ֣Ĳ־Ҳʵ˵ô򵥣ȴû뵽һеԵɣȻֽ񻰰Ķ
˵һУҶĻûע⣬ʱҶĻעȫǰϡ
Ľ֮Уǳ֮࣬ΪһĽһһһֱΪ󽫣󽫣벽ڵļν֮ϸûоͷ
ϣһַǳӣȴԴȼĵķ
ĵķӦԶǿҵģȻмķôһҶĻһһ˵˳
ﶨȻмķ˵ͷ
Զǿռʵ壬˵ԼԼ˽⻹ԶԶ˽ǵģֻԶǿǴǣȻоǵһУ
һõЩķûļֻ֮ǰķʵҲָϵѱ䣬㲻ҪˣﲻЩǽҪĶƼ
ǵ壬ַչʽȻܹǵʵЩȴԶ޷档
ƼҪУѵȤ𣿡
˵һУµĿҶĻ
ǰȻҶĻһУΪҶĻʵ֪Ҳûãͽ鷳ڲͬǳƣҶĻʵǿߣ޼
ʵ֪һС
ǰ롭ƾͼơüͷһҶĻѾ뷨
ȻӵҪǣ䷴˳ȻΪǴ·
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541 Ż
ıȻ򵥣ȴʮʵãһ룬ҶĻϿƻ
Ἰֻ񻰴˵еһڻķֵø뵽ⳡսȥ˵ԶǿųǿĿƼ
еκһ֣еɡ
ǰȷʵһð취ֻǡ
ǵʵ㹻ǵʵλǿߣԼսЩǿɡҶĻЩǡ
ҶĻĵɵģϵʵĲ
ҶĻǴǿߣһڤһӲ˵ĻҲֻͨǿߣ֣ҲǿսƽһŴǿߣȻŴǿȴλһ޷Ƶǧһۣʼ
ȴŴǿ⣬ǸĴλͨʵȥֻǶߴڣûвսʱ
ҶĻܹ˵ǿҲΪչ档
ʵĻȻˡ˵ţЦҡҡͷҪ֪վλãÿһпܻӰǧ˵ˣûһգ˾
ȸһȥμϻɡ
š
仰ҶĻҲǷģûԥҶĻ˵ͷ߳˵һҡ

غؾǿߵУһұ߾ߵأģغص߾ߵȴǴ˴¥ĵ¡
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ݣҶĻһ·ֱ£غ·һٶ׵ĵطֻһ䣬Ǳֻ֪Żҡ
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ɣߵĸλսǵλáָԼֱߵλã
ŻңӦþչϻĵطˡ
Ŀ˿ܣҶĻ
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һɫۣͷʹڵİߣһλƤڣͬһ׳˶Ĺͷӣһޱ飬ӵ֮˵ľŮһͳװһ۾һԵЩݵİӡ
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Ů˾ͽΨһһŮȨسǵĴʼˣҲǹȫǿŮˡ
װάأƶˣѾãϼΪ֪ȫжǿΪصĴڡ
ˣһ߳ȥǶһܹ
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˿̣ҶĻֻ˵ͶӰֻͶӰϸȥҲܹ˵ϣһ쳣صϢת

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ֻһֿܣȫڣΪһɾڵһжΪЭ״̬Գǹ⿴ͶӰеͣҲоԷޱ
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˵һеڶάصͷ˵ڵҪǰǸʯ죬Ǿ׼ϣʱһ
Ȼû˵ȴһĿҪ𰸡
ȲҪżһϡ
˰ֱ֣ӰǰİťѴӵϿԬϷ˳
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Ҫٶһʱв𡣡
λһۣһͬ˵ͷ̹رͶӰǣʼææڸԵĵ̲
ǰǡλȥҶĻԼ⡣
һԳλڣҶĻһʱ֮ЩԽܡ
ҪҪĴ˰֣ٶȵһϷҶĻǰ
һʮǰոմһ۷ʱƶչʮϻ飬һͬƶһݼƻ
ҳΪƻҪĴ𰸾档
ƻ
֣һ˲䣬ҶĻԺб룬üͷѹеĲ룬ҶĻʼ鿴ǰϡ


542 
ƻһƶʮǰľܼƻ
ƶչʮϻ飬ȫܽУֻվڽ˵˲Ż֪Щͳһڣڼƻƶƻ㱻Ϊռܼƻ
ֱǰصʱƻŵһ⣬֪
һԭģƻĺ
ƻͬһ㣬һпܻ飬Ҳڣƻƶ֮ΪԤڶѡ
ƻһΪһӼƻƶ֮𣬿ʼڲӰչĻϣܸܹǿʵıǿߺ޵ʬܹĶҪϻܡ
ڶһԺĹлʣΪǿӲΪֱӵֶǿߵʵڶʱʹʵָĸı䡣
⣬ƻ
ڿƻļƻҶĻҲΪεϻͻȻλǿˡ
ֲ޳Ѿȹʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬ʮ㾡ȫܸǿʵʣԼΪҪʡ
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һ£ֲ޳ڼνȾ򣬱ض޵ʬǿߵʬ壬ôʬټϽʮĻܣܹܳٹǿʵʣ֪
Щܳȫܷƻ
ƻܵһʺ͹ȫţѰԼµǿʵȿֲʵİ£ǿߵʵȻͬһ㣬ʱڣҲһΡ
ΪͷˣȻҪõԴǿƺΪͷˣ޳սϿνս飬ǣѴﵽһƿ
ƿǷʱҲܹһɵ˼ңӵгɾʱϾִɲǹŴִߵԶԶǹŴܱȣΪںߵеļʿȻӵгʱ
˼뾳磬ϼ޷ĺԴ˴ͷˣһλɹɾ
ǰ벻ǾȻһ֡ĿƿҶĻΪ̾Ŀ
б޻˵ͷĿֲ޳ʵһˣһ£Ǹʱȫޣ֮޴Ӻǿ߸ϸսɱҲ޷ս
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ȻĻ治Ե޵ᵮ
ȷʵҶĻ˵ͷȻλܹɾԪ˧أ
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ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ڤԲɾ
ʱ˳ɹˣڤûпܻԭ̤
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ˣǼƻ飬ԼһǺ͹ǸϺһʲôĻɡ
˵꣬ҶĻļ뿪˻ҡ
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ֻǲ֪ڵԪ˧ʲô硣
ҡҡͷҶĻȥڤѵ飬תļƻ顣

ƻҶĻֻ˽һţڼƻУϸעƶƻϸںݣҶĻȫ˽⵽ƻ
СʱҶĻſƻ顣
ֱʡеļƻ飬ҶĻЩ̾
һ˴ϵǿߣһλÿǲ벽ʮȫƵİ벽ǿߡ
ҵĻһİǿߣɴ͹ӵķһͬɫ򣬽ԶǿضȡҪĶ
ǴֱʣһԳ߳ҵʵ˴θƶҲһѡ
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ϵսȫʧȻͬǧǰһ˳֣ϴƣһ궼ġ
ˣ˴ǰȥҵʵҲ֪ܷɹϣҪ
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ҡҡͷҶĻеļƻ飬뿪Żҡ
ƻвûᵽҶĻ֣˼Ҳܼ򵥣ҶĻԼѡȥȥԼҶĻѡȻȥ
ΪһӣҶĻȻʲô֮ҲʲôˣҶĻȴ֪ԼʵǿΣȥǱߣδ
ңǱ߻мİ취취ҶĻɾѶȻǴ˵Ǳֱӳɾ
ҶĻΪԼʥˣܹջȻҲ롣
¼ƻҶĻͨѶţڵһУصȴ
ҶĻʵĸı䣬ҶĻսѾһʱΪһ߲ӵȨޣһȻʱʹá
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ŶСӻòŶ೤ʱ䣬ӵ˴󽫼ʵüͷһŵܵܵʵҶĻ¶˼˿ϲ⡣
ǺǺǣȣԶءͷҶҲû⣬ֱҶĻĶ档
ˣ磬˵ǰʱ䱻
ûҶ˵꣬ҶĻֱֹҶ䡣
˵һжģе鷳һţԾͲˣǸĶ˵ţҶĻһöռ䴢ָҶǰ
ǣֹҶ䱾ӵҪҶĻڿöָҶɻˡ
죬ҪԶһĶһҵǷӡ֮Զ⿪˵ͷҶĻɫǵȻ
ʲô
ҶĻ˵Ҷֱվ˳
ΪǿߣȻĵ㲻ĶҶ仹ǵ֪Ĵ徭Լȫ߳սԶƻȻ˸汾ģ͹֪һ
£𳳡˰֣ҶĻٴֹҶ䡣
㡭
¡ҶһۣҶĻ˵
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543 Ҳͦ
磬ŸջҪһҶҲȥˣֱվ˳
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¶Ƕ԰뿪ģûһҲûоԣҪʲô£Լ㲻˵ˣܺԼŪԼӦȥʲô
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硣
ҶĻҶҪ˵Щʲôȴ֪Ӧ˵Щʲô죬ֻǽгһ֡
죬Ҷε̾ת뿪ңҲˡ
ǴСҶĻģҶĻν쳣˽⣬һҶĻ飬ҶĻԼκҲ޷ı䡣
ܸģѾˣԺ󣬿Լˡ˫ۣ˿յľţҶĻٴα˫ۡ
Ҷ䣬ҶĻһֱ̫࣬ΪҶ䲻ĵܵܣһˣÿһˣҪѧȥԣһζ
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ԵЩƽƽȴ˿˿

šҶĻĿ˵ͷ
ˣվԭؼ˵Ǳߵܸӣʲôʱܻ

ĻºҶĻδ̻شһʱ䣬ˣһ̶ˮκβ
ҶĻףҪŵ
죬ҶĻڣܸӣûйȥҲ֪Ҿɡ
ţҵ㡣
Ӧһ΢΢ͷɫƽ߳˵һҡ
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ҽ徻ĴԿգȻЩܹҲһ¡
룬һûôෳգѣˣһйϵϾ˻Ҳ徻һЩûʲô
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ҪǿļзѰñΣճ̶ȿ֪˵ǾһҲΪҶŻ˽ţҪȰҶĻ
һɹԶǵòܣҲܹΪ಩δԶǿĿƼİ취κһԿʱδ
ԶǿأǸʲôء
޷һܹΪǿ˹оս񻰵壬ǵػʲôӡ
ĴսȻʮ־ʡ
Ȱɡ
ٶ¶һ˿Ц⣬ҶĻ˫ۣʼڵһоȴ

ҶĻ˫ۣʱһһĿʼš
ҶĻڵһеȴͷڲæµŸԵ飬ټǿߣź֣ڸԵвԷʧܺҡһϵеҪȥš
ڣ峿һ͸䵽ҶĻϡ
ͬʱҶĻУʱ䵽óˡ
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ʱߵ㣬¥еĹԱոյλ¥е˺ܶ࣬æµʱҶĻոߵ¥㿴¥еĴˡ
ЩæµĹԱڿҶĻȫ΢΢һ㶣漴̷е飬ΪҶĻÿ·
ʵĴѽҶĻְλģʱҶĻȻֻǴ󽫾ΣȴѾսԶֶӸӳְ񣬶һ˽֪

΢΢һ㶣һУҶĻЩΣϰߡ
״̬ҶĻŹԱǱǸ΢Ц첽뿪¥
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ˡ
εҡҡͷҶĻߴŲʼصȴ
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ʮӺ
䡣
ͻȻһ쳣ƴޱȿҰԶϮƵĳ֣˶Զȥ
ˣһλǿߡüͷһҶĻͬԶȥ
˺ƴҼޱ߿Ұ
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544 ɴ
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ڴвӻԾԶʮӰһͬ߼ٷ
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һսģһʵصĺɫ㣬ŵսѥµļͬըһ㣬һۿȥܹ˴ǿҵӾУϺеĺɫƤʱ˹⿴Զ϶һͽ
˻û𣿡ǰ˹ʵ
ٵһȣڻߵ롣ƽҡҡͷ
üͷһ˹δ˵ʲôֱվһԣʼȴ˹ǲƳӵĿ⣬ȴԿڤѻǷǳעġ
˹˵ִʱߵʮ֣ǵִ˴ÿӣһǿߵִ
ߵʮ֣غϷԶİǿѾȫִ
˹Լɪ˾ͽάأλǿվλϸϸŶԷȻ˵ĿʱʱͣҶĻϡ
ʱҶĻδϢ°纣ͨ벽ǿ߰ٶ౶Ϣ¶⣬Ҫ˵Ǽλڶ벽ǿҲڲͣشҶĻǺ档
üһλҶĻôоһͷԶžޣûгɾ¶Ϣȴһٶλͨ벽ܺ͡
˵һǿ߱һĻԵͳǵڵڰ벽п޵УܹսոճɾĴڡ
Ҳ˵ˣǱȻΣգȴӵǴ˷ȥȻп䣬ֱӳɾǳΪҶĻȴڣҲֵˡ

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Ȼһֻûǻ۵ĵ͵ʵ඼塣
мĿʬһۣҶĻʼз
ɫĹմճҺİɫƤʬڲûκ̺࣬ĺɫѪ
һ鷭ңҶĻûҵκõĶ
֣ԬµϵмعԶǿΪо֣齨ʵң˺ɫһʵʵ鶼Ͻеģǵأûнйֵʵ顣
ڹ죬ûκιϵҲʵʧܲ
еϢЩ֣ϢֻڷеŻӵС
ѵµ֣
ҶĻ̧ͷȥһɫأԺһƬҡ
ǰȻеһеڶ
Щµ֣˵Զǿصĵشйϵ
˶ҶĻվ˳ǰȥ
䡣
ͻȻֻҶĻո𲽣һ쳣ƴէ֣ʹҶĻͣ˽Ų
̧ͷȥҶĻֱӿֵĵط
ҶĻͷһǧ״һƬռ俪ʼѣ¶һԼʮ׵ĺɫռѺۣƴǴӺɫռѷдġ
䡭
쳣ǿ󣬾ҶĻҲԽԽ𽥵ģһԺɫռѷл
һܻס
һܸߴң׵ɫףƴԻϴġ
ɽһҶĻ̱³˻׵ʵݡ
ɽһ쳣ص壬ǵĿڼʱǵòȫһе࣬еֲں壬еֻеס
νǧٹ֡
ͨ벽ǿʮ౶ĳ̶ȣӦɽнΪǿߣץһʡ
ɽһмΪϵ壬˵֪һЩԶǿء
Ѹתһ˲䣬ҶĻѾ˶תǹ֪ʱѾҶĻС
ֻܹ
˫ۣҶĻаһ䣬漴̿ǹ
䡣
ɱͬʱ֣ҶĻǹ˲䣬ڿеĻɽҲӦ˹Ļ̶һѹŹֵǹ֧ǹҶĻǹһͬһӭҶĻƱѵ
һ̣ƱѵײԵײڷԲǧ׷ΧڣȫǺڽɫ⡣
ʲôһ󾪺˫ƴĽȫҶĻԤϡ
ƽɫ
˫ǹĽȻƽɫ
֪ɽֻͨ벽ʮ౶ҶĻȴһٶ౶߼ĲνǼ󣬰˵ܻƽֵľ档
ԣһڲо񲨶
оɫɢľҶĻŵ˲ʧ
ɫɢһɼΪŹ֣ȫͬľ񲨶ɾ񲨶ΪΣϸоо
ɢȥɫҶĻɫɽԭء
࣬ĵ湻ģȻҹҡͻȻԻɽڴ˻е
ŶȻһĵԡ˵ĻɽҶĻЩȣһ̣ҶĻȴӦ˹
ɽҲμһԶǿؿʢ£һʢУʵΪǿǻĵڶǿߣΪƼͽص壬ɽȻ˻ԣܹԼ໥롣
࣬ô˵ҶĻûзӦɽٴ˵
ǺǺǣΪҵĽ˵Ҳ١һЦҶĻ֮ɫ֣еתǹѾ
Դ࣬
ҶĻľٶȻŭλɽٹ˼֣ɽеǹֱ֧Ӷ׼ҶĻ
䡣
ɲǼ䣬˸һ˿ֲɫֱҶĻ
վԭأҶĻ־˫ǹûκοǹĴ㣬ֻһϸĿӭɫ
ʮ֮һʱ䣬ɫѾҶĻǰڼҶĻ˲䣬ҶĻȴͻȻʧ
ţ
һ󲨶ɽȻЩϲΪҶĻʧûκס


556 ɱʽ

еһ΢磬˻ɽע⡣
֪ʱҶĻѾ˻ɽ󣬾ֻвףȫڽɫ˶תǹǹڸǽŻɽı
ʱϸȥᷢҶĻ˫ĿͨޱȣѪҺۼ˫Ŀһ㡣
ҶĻ˲ưľٶü߿ռֱߴɵġ

˲䣬ֻڻɽľ񲨶һζɽȻҶĻǹиоޱǿҵΣ
䡣
ɽӦһ֣ͨڽɫҶĻǹڱֱӳ˻ɽı
ɲǼ䣬ڽɫǿƬ壬ʹõϳһֱ׵ľ޴Ӷ
Ŷ֡üͷһųԼʮһĻɽҶĻЩ⡣
ҶĻǹνǼǿڱ߱ٱͨ벽ǵ£ʹüʹùʮͨǿߵĹ
˿ֲĹֱӴڻɽϣɽɫĻеϣ̱һ󶴣ȫǰᴩ¶ڲಿ
ʱɽվǧ׿⣬ǰĴ󶴸ûжκӰ죬ϵϢ;񲨶˿
ǡ
ֵĦԻɽһ̣ɽµĻеֱӻΪҺ̬Ƭ̼䣬λǰĴ󶴱㳹׸ԭ˿֮ǰܹˡ
ƼȻлӰʵֶΡ
ŸԭĻɽҶĻȤ
ɽԭĹ̲ĿƼֶΣУһЩΪɬľ񲨶־񲨶һڻӰʵֶڰԭ
ǴоԶ壬Ƽͽֶμʵںϡ
˼
һЦҶĻɱ֮ţ漴ҶĻٴʧ
ҶĻʧ˲䣬ɽϵľ񲨶ٶȾһζȻҶĻչǿʵ󣬻ɽѾʶ߼ʵ࣬ˡ

˲䣬ǿޱȵ;񲨶Իɽͬʱţһֻ̣ɽҶĻһۣתܣٶ֮һЩոճɾǿߡ
࣬šɽүүġ
еڿвϻصתۼ䣬ɽѾӵ׿⡣
ǺǺǣı»ǲǡȻЩ
վԭأҶĻŵЦݲ˥ֻ΢΢ζΡ
˲䣬ҶĻֱԿռֱ߿Խ׵ľ룬һطҶĻ󣬱ǲϼ۵Ļɽ
ʲô˲ԼǰҶĻɽľ񲨶ֱӾһζƼһ㡣
ʲôһЩҪ㡣
˫ǹֱָɽҶĻ˵ֱӿǹ
䡣
ͨıڽɫⱬ֮˻ɽǰڽɫ֮պƶΪ롣
䡣
һ죬ڽɫĴܣҶĻľǿ£ɽӦǰٶȳһ󶴡
󶴸ոճ֣ɽʹʹ俪ʼϡ
ҿָĿ죬ƻĿ졣
һȡ
һЦҶĻ˶Ļתǹ
䡭
챬ɲǼ䣬ٵյĺڽɫ˲һ㣬ͬʱڻָĻɽǰ
ضɽҡ
ٿʮƱѵһͬлɽضɽҡһ㣬նʼһζԵĺڽɫܣɽǧ׵ķΧѾȫΪ˺ڽɫ𺣣ڲ׷ʲô
治ӿ죬һеŭͻȻ̫࣬

Żеŭ֣浱ͻȻӿֳһޱǿľ񲨶ǿ£ڽɫֱӱɢ¶ȻĻɽ
ɽԾǿ֮ƽԻɢĻеȴѾ˴롣
ԭɫĻеòǴСһĶףڽɫ˺۱鲼ͷҲ˴룬ΪҪǣɽĻȻֹͣ˻ָ˺κζ
࣬
ŭһɽӿǿ;񲨶ٶȱǡ
á
һζڻɽƱ˲䣬ҶĻֻоһǿҵΣϮͷ
ˡ
ҶĻûʱܡ
䡣
˲䣬һʮ״ֵɫԻɽϱɫӿٶ˿ѷɫҶĻļٶȣɲǼѾҶĻǰ
ֲ
ɫ̺ޱȿֲ;񲨶ศɣȫΪһ壬ʹɫ֮ռ䶼˼Ϊǿҵ𵴣ոǱȫȾɫ
һʱ䣬ؼֻʣһɫ
һ룬룬롭
ɫһֱʮʱ䣬ų˼ּơ
顣
ͻȻֻڿеɫֱըѣΪɫƬڿƮ䣬ͬʱɫըѵ˲䣬ɫҲȻɢɫҶĻٶȳ֡
ա˫ۣҶĻһɵĿɫƬ
ҶĻûʱܣֻվԭӲһͻɫΪˣҶĻлԼǡ
ˣڱɫе˲䣬ҶĻǰ˫ۻֱѣеĹͷȫΪ棬˶Щɷɻҡ
ҶĻԵڶڲļӵ˽κƶ˲临ԭ¹ǷŵһγҶĻ˾ͻֱӴ
ʱҶĻĻָչʧǰһ̣ҶĻܵ˲ƣһ̣ҶĻϵȴѾȫָκ˵ļ
ϵ˲ָҶĻվڿУ˿ûзɾ裬ʮϸĿܡ
ԻڣŵĹȻɱʽɽԻš
ɫ裬ҶĻ˫еתɨܣҪҵĺۼ
ûС
ҶĻ˫ɨһȦڷԲھȻûзκۼֻһƬأ˿ըѺƬϣҲû
ܣԻڡ
ߣ㿴ֻҪ㻹ڿռУ޷ӹҵ˫ۡ
һҶĻ˫ĿеٶתҪԼۿ
䡭
ͻȻҶĻ׼ת˲䣬һɼΪƴд
ͬɽʱһģһ
ɺƴֵ˲䣬һ谵ţҶĻԶĿռֱѿ
һ̣һһǧ׵ľѷҶĻߣ漴һԿռѷŲ
һνٵĲɽǿߣһսһҳһǧҵľս
սŲٶʵ죬̶һӣսѾȫ뿪˿ռѷ졣
ʱҶĻսľֻвһǧס


557 ɽ
ս
ҡ
˼ϣҶĻŽǰľ޴սϲκθı䡣
ǿ
ڿǧ׵սʱҶĻĵһӡǺǿ
սһǧ׳ҶĻ֮ǰսҪСö࣬սȴȾսҪǿ
սҶĻбֵΣС
սͬڽһͨսڲЯҪͨ벽ǿ߰ٱǿߣս޷жսĸߵͣӰսսؿνǼֻ࣬˵Խǿս幹Խ
ʱսǿֻҶĻΪĸоҶĻȴԼĸо

սĸӿһ籩սܿʼơ
ͻȻҶĻ۲սʱսٸСһڿڣȴȫת򣬶׼ҶĻ
á
һҶĻ̱㷴Ӧ˹漴һתٶȳԶȥ
䡣
ͬһʱ䣬һĺȻֻսٸСһڿ뿪ٵɫһִ׵ֱӳҶĻȥ
ҶĻǰһ㿪ײ˴ϡ
䡭
ֻڴִ׵ײ£ɫĴֱѿһ̣һ׵ľ޴Ӷڵϡ
ͻȻϮҶĻʮҪԭ
ӲҪ˵һԭĻֻ˵Ǵ˵еĵطԶǿأһԼ⣬һ嶼УѰ·ϵϰ
ǳһ飬ԼҲС
ɱ˲ҪɣֻҪһͷԶ֡
ǿߣͨǿһ˿ɫ࣬ҶĻ̿ʼ
һԷ
ͷȶҶĻŲƣ˲ưٶ˲ս棬˶ĻתǹѾ׼ս
䡣
֣ҶĻԥֱӿǹʮƱѵֱֱĳսȥ
սĹͨҪǿһ˿乹ȻʮֽӽΣҶĻǹ˲䣬սһɫ֡
ҶĻľǿײںɫϣͬҶĻԤϵһģһ
ˡ
ɫһ˿ζûУȫҶĻĽ
ء
һ̣ûҶĻֺһž޴ޱȵĺɫѾϣɲǼ䣬ɫŻΪɫĿҶĻ
սȻڲܹӵ˿ķӦսʮа˾Ǵ˵еս
Դ𾪣ҶĻٶת˲ưٶһɫ
ּս̺֮Ƽֶθǲ൱һոճɾǿߡ
ڻǺֶĵʱ򣬲
Ѹתһ˲䣬ҶĻѾԼжƻ
һУֻ˲ʱ䡣
䡱
ͻȻһɺ֣ҶĻβŸոסӴսһηһҶĻ
ͬһҶĻһתһ
䡭
һιӭҶĻģȴǵصǧɫ޵֮ƳҶĻ
üһⴿѹˡ
ȳ
ͷһҶĻܣеļά֣˲ưٶȳԶ۶ȥ
һ˲䣬ҶĻʧսĹΧڡ

Ťתսڲ̽ϣѾҶĻټ

ҶĻʧ޴սҲֹͣ˿ҰĽսڲȴǳЩ
սͷս߹ٵľۼأʱ߲һԲܡ
࣬ȻԶǿ֡ɫ࣬һ΢ֵĸ߲üЩǡ
ղ࣬Ե⣬Ļ˵ûгɾһв壬˵ӦǱɣûκĿܣղ࣬ȴԵ࣬ٶ֮ҲЩϡ
Ȼһ߲˵ͷǵĵʾڽУֲԤ֪ĸı䣬ָıǴһֲԤ֪пܾʩչŻӵּ°ٶȡ
ɴ˿ɼЩŴǿߣԼؼǿߵʵˣϸ˵ǵʵҪǿһΣڴ˴ʢУռơ
˴ǰԶǿأһĿڶĿԶǿĿƼ飬ǵ｢ܿĵشֱǰŴϼصĿƼϴصأӦýһڶ｢
ȻҵƼ˵
ͬ⣬ǵ｢սȥĵشҲǰ׷ʱ䣬õƼϣʱǰ｢õҲܹ
ǺǺǣҲͬ⣬ԶǿΪעƼǲϣҲǵӳüˡ
߲һۣȫͬ顣
ʮͺƴսϳֻ֣ǧ׳ӴսѸٵת򣬳Զ۶ȥ
ӴսҶĻȫȥʱһƬشٶȻָ֮ǰţκ

ӺͻȻֻƽĴϣһƬͻȻ˿˿ζ
һ̣һӰԭء
һֻƴСûκŶС֫һֻ۾ͬԲһΪֵǣֻϣȻһ׽ס
ֻվ˿ܣСĳǰȥ
ոնֻȴͣΪǰһڶǹڡ
ҶĻ
ܰôˡǹֱָҶĻһЦ⡣
ţ벻ɽĿľ壬ƨһҲǰ뾫ʣûټϻӰʵֶΣ㱻ƭȥˡ
йǽݣѵΪֻԼ𣿡
ֵֻɽһּΪŹֵľ塣
ҶĻתǹָţɽ㶵վԭأûзκ죬Ʊסһ㡣
ˣۡˣҶĻϵЦʧȡ֮ɱ⡣
ͬʱΪֲĸҶĻǹڿʼ֡
о¶ȻߣҶĻǺɱ⣬ɽɫǱˣΪ֪ҶĻʱɱ
֪ҵĻڿʼһ䣬һ䣬˵һѣӦ֪
˵ţҶĻ֣ɱȫɽ
ɽǴľҲǰ뾫ʣһ˵ѣȻֶҶĻ˰ֶһܹʱؼɽǷ˵ѡ


558 
˵һ˵ɽʲôĴڡǹڲɽüģҶĻһƽʵ
ҶĻȻûб飬ϵɱȴǺȫѹɽϡ
ҶĻǹںɱ⣬ʱɽûʲô
ɽһִľ壬ϸ˵Ҳǽ壬ֻ۽ĻǵʵôϾֻеһľʩչӰʵֶΣҲǳޣԲŻῴʽòһɽ
ЩⲿͶɽףǿƼҲǴʵ壬һûףɽҲǲˣʵһ붼Ŀ
ʱҶĻǿǹֱӽǰɽɷɻҡ
оҶĻϵɱ⣬ɽ˵˵˵Ļ˵ڱǽڼλ쵼Ĵڡ
ɽϴĻеҶĻ˼ĵ˵ͷ
˵һ˵˽⣬ɽһзǳԶ壬Ӧ֪һЩԶǿصϢ˵
ҡԭأɽԵЩԥϾҶĻſھֱɽһ߻ܣκ飬¶ԥ
ʱޣ˵˵˫ۣҶĻϵɱֱӱ
˵˵ˣɽҲˡ
Ҳ֪ҪЩʲôڲȷʵһЩԶǿصϣϺңûƪϣҲ֪㵽Ҫ˵ʲô
ŶҶĻɫȻΪƽȴ˿˿ϲ⡣
Ļ˵һ˵ĵΰɣԶǿޱȣûĵͼҶĻֱʳԼΪĵ⡣
ôܡҶĻϵǣɽֱӾ˳
࣬ԶǿȻһƬƯеĴ½ȴͨļٱҴԶǿȥһſζѣټԶǿµֶΣûһܹӵĵͼָҶĻɽֱӴ
ٱüͷ΢壬ҶĻҲЩľ
ҶĻ˵ͷʵûеͼҲӦ֪ҵһƬ˵֮صĵشɡ
֪һЩ
˳ŷѰԶǿصġ
ԶǿȫһͿƼȫ˹شͨ˵ĵشһ̨еģصΪʺԶǿķʽѭ
ֻҪߣӦþҵĵش
Ȼ
˼һ䣬ҶĻ̷ֳһ鿴˿
֪ոһоҶĻ㷢˲֮
һƬȻҶĻУһƬأȻֻǳͨ˸޷ֻʵǿ˲ܹоǷҵУһ붼ڳͬһǰ
ԭˣ벻Ȼַ΢ͷҶĻ˲˹
վﲻҶɽҶĻһ΢Цļ˵ܺãǼ
һġ
ţԡ
׼ʣҶĻͻȻ˿˿֮
䡣
ûκԥҶĻֱӿǹһǹɽȥ
һ̣һڽɫⱬȫɽᴩϳһ޴İݡ
ȻڿǹҶĻȴֱüͷɫҲ

ҶĻһǹɽԾվӵֱӴӶԷϴ˹ȥû˵ɽκһ˿
üͷҶĻûվɽתܿȥ
ת˲䣬ҶĻеת˼£Լɨܡ
죬ҶĻͣ
ȻǴоԶ壬ֶβҡҡͷҶĻվɽ̾
ճ㣬ɽľʩչӰʵֶΣֻҪעһЩ޷κãȴ롭
þ
ʱվҶĻǰɽɽľĻþɽܡ
ǴоԶ塣
ĴУĻܣȾԶ壬ʵǿֶθǧٹ֣֮ʵǿǣҪնɱҲǼѡ
ҶĻͻɽˣʵҪԶڶԷȴöԷԼƤӵˡ
鷳ˡܣҶĻɫ͡
Ȼɽ֪ǰĵشİ취ǲҲǸ⣬ȻܹҵƤӵ²ɫ룬δҵƤӵ˵ѣҷ
æ˴죬Ūþǿա
ҡҡͷҶĻЦ
ˣһ˵õѰ·һЩݵġ
̾˿ҶĻ׼ֱӳԶ۶ȥ
ҶĻİĵط˽ûУҪִĵشֻܰɽ˵ķһԣ֮⣬ǺܵĻ˵ûҶĻҵȷ·ǿѾˡ

̶̲Сʱʱ䣬㷢ô£⻹ֻһʼҶĻǰ۵ʱĺ󲿶ӷŸոյִƬ˵еĴ½
ͬһʱ䣬Ƭ½ĸԵشռѷ֣ǧǿߣսףԿռѷ쵱нӿҶĻٵĵطҲпռѷ첻ϳ֣ÿʮ룬һ彵ٵƬ½ϡ
ʮӺ󣬾ҶĻٴֻǧ׵ĵطռѷٶչһӰѷг֣䵽˵ϡ
졣
Ӱȫͬκһ飬ľޣ࣬壬񣬶ϻɽ߱Ϣ
ͺ༫Ϊһ׾ңһͷ԰׸ɿݵĶ̷ƤţУǼȥİߣϵĹȴ಻ͬ
һẉ̂˫۵Ĺޱȣȫ͹ĵطһʮէһȥ൱бߡ
˶
ӰǺ˶һʵ֮żУΪȡʯͷĺ˶
Ȼʱں˶ϣȴɢһ쳣Ũ޷ݵѪϢһۿȥܹں˶ϿʬɽѪԿ϶һ£˫մȾǧѪ
ʵɲ⡭
Զǿءе˼ǻػ˶Ǹɿݲϵϳ˼Ц⣬Ц֣ΪŨѪϢ˲ɢ
ף
ͻȻֻ˶Ǹɿݵϳ˼ɻ֮ɫ
еϤвϢеϤüͷ˶˫ۣſвļϢ
һ̣˶ɫˣ

һƬֻ˶ֱӳ˴Ѫ⣬ѪΧȾ˺ɫ
䡣
˲䣬˶ֱӴܳԶ۶ȥź˶۶ޱǿѪϢ̳֡
ǰķҶĻȥķ


559 ³ݵ
ɽİ취ҶĻ˳žӿķһ·񱼡

󾢷ĺХԶҶĻֻоľɫһɲ䣬һֱɫĴأ漫Ϊƽȥͷ
ԶǿĿƼ죬ԼؿŪֵȻԭ˳·һֱȥ޷ִĵشҲȻԵһǳҪĵط
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ԴӽԶǿأҶĻѾʱƴɱ׼ϾԶǿУһ鶼ǵˣҲ飬ﻹԶǿµԶһСģڴˣǿҲһ
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ֻ쳣֣էһȥͿӥȴŽϵ羫ִһ㣬ȥӲޱȣУܹҶĻĺڹ⡣

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ǿߣǺǺǣնɱǧһʵ壬һʵѪҺͺˣһζ
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˶ͬһɽǿߵĴսʽչɭڲҶĻںϽ˵ɱҲչ
ŴҶĻڳԼĽˣɱ⡣
ںϽ˹ʼһӣҶĻȫ·磬ѹƣ˸ߴΣǻָ죬ѱһ̲ࡣ
ʱ䵽Ͼɷ
ӭĽˣҶĻһ䣬ҶĻˡ

ֲľ˶Ľ˲ҶĻǰ
һ̣ҶĻֱʧ
ʮѹҶĻľѺѾȫָʱҶĻǽеת˼£ֱʹ
ҶĻʧ˲䣬һɼΪƴһͻȻͨ벽ǿٶ౶ǣҶĻϡ

ŭĿԲҶĻڽ˵ıеĻ˫ǹֱָԷĺĲλ
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һ˲䣬ϰٵͬʱ𣬶ŽˣҶĻƷһϰٿƱѵͬʱ˽˵ı
ٱͨ벽мʮʱҶĻһȫǿߣͨǿ߻Ҫǿϼ֡
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һʱ䣬Բǧȫ˺ڽɫ𺣣ΪɻңҲһƬڡ
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ڷУڷŴССϰٸЩȫǻеһһأһҶĻһδС
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ߣҶĻǴգɭⲿ˶Ķ棬ȴվһµĵˡ
ʱĺ˶Ѫ·ǱߣһЩ飬ں˶Уһֻ˶Ұ޺ȣȻɽǿĺȡ
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566 ׷ɱ
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泤٣ϢҸոصһɽĽźšһ·Сָܵ룬һɫװӸæ˵
ָҵ룬һͼԲԲǰĿϣһ뷢԰׵ߡ
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ҶĻֽ£սֱѣҶĻһ˽ȥ
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ԣս֮һԻٳ򣬱֮սֱӳȥ
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576 ɫϿ
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࣬ν۸ֻһԵĸͬĶڲͬУ۸ǲһġ
㿴Ϸ򲻵ʮһӵֵǮϷУԼʮȴ޼۵ġ
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䣬ջ˾֮ͬʱֻͬ߷һ㣬ֱ·׹ȥ
ڵõд𰸵˲䣬ѾĨȥڵһ
ȻܲŪãҲ֪ɫϿȵĴڡ
²˳٣ھͳ
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˵ͷ漴ҶĻԼٳɫϿȵڵؿʼۡ


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λŴǿߣǵڶǰԶǿأ˽⣬û˭ܹǣǼǽٵԶǿصıԵشһʱ䣬пѾϵĵء
͹ŴǿһдԶǿϵеľǿҲпѾִĿĵء
ҶĻɫϿ·ҪϵɽȣҲҪңȵǵִԶǿصĵشŪôսѾȲ
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ӻرһĴԭ
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ָԴʴǰҶĻһֶζûκôƷһ㣬ֻƾԼϸʴΪɫˮһ֡
ˣҶĻȥΪɫУһ쳣ֲļѹѹϷ·֣ϣʹҶĻźȥټϸʴ˿ҶĻ޷
ȻϸʴҶĻҲûܹ֧һʱ䡣

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ҶĻ֪һ£񻰴˵еＸǽߣʱڣҶĻǵʲôǿֹ߳
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580 ¼
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ɫһҶĻϸۿԶһС
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ҶĻǰĻҲʼѣɫˮʧ
ԭˡһУҶĻҲЩΡ
˱ϾˣʥͣȱΪʥ͵ĴڣҲֻеʥͣվһˣ᷸
һʱ̰Ҫõͼѣδй߱ʦǴͷȴ롭Ҽ֣ҲδܵĿĵأͷϵĺѾ˴ɫߵԪᳬһСʱ
ʱҲҲΣռ߱ʦ
˿ҶĻΪӣ޷ۣʵչʵʧ֣ҲնɱԼʦ

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Уһɲϵ𣺡󱲣ܹѾԣϷնɱͽ
ϷɣСǧ֮俪֮·Ϸһʮ꣬츳ǿƾʵ֮ǿ䲻Ϸ򣬵ҪնɱȴǼѡ
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ҡҡͷҶĻ̾䣬Ͷ˵ڶþС

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ÿһҶĻᾭֲͬ飬ְҵӶŮ滷ȵһжҶĻĸıı䣬٣̣죬ָ֣Է򡭡ҶĻ𽥻
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˵һУҶĻûм뿪վ˺漴ٶڵر˫ۡ

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ŵĴҶĻһʱģ˿ֻ̣ҶĻԾһƬǺοȥǺһ쳣ĸоؼΪĶһ㡣
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˫۵˲䣬ҶĻϣһɼΪɱȻ֣ؼɱӦһ㡣
ʱҶĻѾɾһˮɣҪɾͣûκǿĲ֣Ҳûκξ󣬾˼򵥡

֣ҶĻԼϳһ˿΢Ц
ͼһˮɣȻɾͣͼѶȴе̫󣬼ͨǿߵʵҲ޷Щͼ
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ȭҶĻϵЦתΪţǿš
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ңԽаŴǿߡ
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֮ҪǿھҲҪǿھǿߣƾһ޷ŴǿߣֻԱ
ȴѾȫѱ䡣

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ˮѹʵ̫ˣ̶̲һ׵ľ룬ȻķҶĻһֶӵʱ䡣

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㵽ǲԬŶԷҶĻһһʵ
죬ɻ
ԬҶĻһֱΪԷһţôţûĻԵҲڶʱӵʵǰ˸ûϢҲûɣһжҶĻЩɣǰֻһԬһģһӵͨɱ
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˷ҶĻʹֶΣκγֶΣҶĻһзϣ˵κˣ˴ٺô

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ҶĻȻɫСֵܹɫʴգôɫСļһ̶ӦÿԿɫ

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Ϣ֣˵һԬܷȹ


585 ߷
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һҶĻ֣ɫзԼٶȽ鲼ԬȫҶĻֻܲͣع䡣
ҶҶĻСǿ塱ֲָɽɫˮԬ϶˵
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һɫ⣬ԬʼʧͬʱԬǲıҲƽЦ⣬ѵЦ⡣

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ҡҡͷҶĻȥôֱ࣬ӷˮ𣬷ŽԼĽָС
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ҶĻУǰԶǿصĵش¡

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ƽɫϣԭһֱڻʵɫˮ˲ƿ漴һӰӺˮһ
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ҶĻλãɫϿȵ룬ҶĻǰٶȣҪִϿȾͷҪСʱʱ䣬ҶĻȴֻҪʮҡ
ʮһӹҶĻѾɫϿȾͷվھͷԶרõСͿռͨǰ
ִܹͨԶǿĵشĸ

΢ҶĻֱӽ˺ڶС

Զǿޱȣаٷ֮ʮϵĵطԶʱڵūסأֻĵشԶǿľסء
ĵشȴԵüΪ졣
һʮ֮һС
ĵشһʮ֮һСŽԵüΪ졣
ıԵشӣӣӣׯӣӵλŴԼľǿߺսۼһֵǣǲûпսǾվԭء

ڴʱڶǿȴ֪һˣһСͺڶͻȻ֣߳һӡ
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ͼϽ֮أԶǿ߷ûеͼһУϴԶǿؿʱǰİ˳ǿߣС
ȻеͼΧȴûƿ޷С


586 
޴Χ㣬ȻҶĻȴһΧһɫ㣬쳣ҫۡ
ԴϵĺɫʵսӣҪ㣬Щ
ҡҡͷ㣬ҶĻЩա
ҶĻʱվһ˵ӵȹŴԼǾǿڣȴѾ׼ˡ
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ǰ˵ضΪǵˣ˷֣ҲֻΪ˴㡣
Ϊһ壬ֻҪǽƣôΧȫѣϷ䣬ҲҪʮӲܹԭ󣬴ʮӵʱѡԵ·߽С
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ͬʱһھǿڷ׷׶ԲͬǶȳпȥһΨһ
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ȻʺܵͣٵͣԪϹŶҲȡһ

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˿̣ҶĻվںڰУҶĻɼɫĿռѷ졣
Զǿ߷Ǿ֮ء
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ոսҶĻѾ֮أʵ
ֻ濴ľȫһĻ磬ҶĻԸоÿһռѷ춼Ϊֲ̺Ž޾ҶĻһռѷУ²ҲҪˣ˵ռѷ졣
ЩѷΧǺųƷ޵еҲһ
Ŀռѷ컹ԼٶȽŲһۿȥûκι̤˲䣬ҶĻĵطǧռѷ죬ȫϾҶĻ·
һƬռȫǻҿռ䣬ұԶǿע޾ߴһпܻ޾ռѷİΧУû·
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һЦҶĻ˳ŵͼϵķʽʼǰŲ
ҿռеǿޱȣܹ˲ɱͨĿռѷ죬Щѷ춼ڽиƶԣҲҲеĹ򣬵ȴʵڵģͼϾС
µĵͼϣ¼Щռѷƶʽ¼ӦԿռѷƶʽһǧİʮһŲʽԲͬĿռѷƶԲͬķʽŲܹȫܿѷ죬һѷİΧУ˲ɱ
ԵõͼˣҪһǧİʮһŲʽģʮ֮һڶӦռѷóӣҲ˶á
ӦԷʽֻҶĻβŲ쳣ӵļڿռѷУֲͬĿռѷȴûб˵һ˿ȫܿѷĹ
Դ˷ʽҶĻһ·ǰСʱʱһζ

һһ·СʱҶĻǰһԼʮңһͷĺڰͨпռѷ춼ͨͣš
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ͣҶĻһҪʼۡ
á
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С˵
ŭͬʱԹӵıͷϴӵƢҲôãͬʱ֣֮ͬʱϮҶĻ

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ٴĻԵҲҪڴˣڴ˵أҲҺϷ֡
ӻǧ꣬ѳ˾̱ҶĻȻϺеõĺô


587 
Բѡ
ۿŹӣҶĻӣէһȥƸѹǿ߷С
ҶĻȴһƬ˿ô
Ͼô˵Ҳǻǧ˾ʱΨһһ֮ɾǿߣĵԶԹ
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ҶĻҲԱİգҶĻٶôƣҲǱȹ֮ǿ߿졣
СӣϷϻȪ

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ǹҶĻѾóȫ
ֻɫ˲ǰҪӶ

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һͬǻþӰռľһʹڲ֮ء
ܹӵйŴʵǿߣһ
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鷳ҪնɱŴûϵͬǿΧܳɹ
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Ȼܹ˲ƣ˲ƺĹȴҪʱ䣬ôһʱ䣬޷κҶĻҶĻ˿̵ҲԣûʩչٶȣԹеĵҲʩչ
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ҶĻҲûܹｫնɱϾ˫оԵһ棬棬ҶĻҲûжİսʤӣ˵նɱ
ҶĻıסԷÿ˷һӣ˷ԼͻԶϲ٣汻ҶĻסºѪĿܣҶĻҪģ˹ϵȴҶĻԤϡ
Ҳգȵĵش˵
ҡҡͷҶĻǰʼۡ
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˲䣬ո̤һһɼΣյĸоҶĻͷʱҶĻѾףԼǰһռѷ챻ûþˣصļΪء
ʱҪȫҶĻһΡ
ˣӲһΣˡ
һݣҶĻǱʶ֮óԲܣҪסһռѷ졣
ˡ
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⣿վԭأҶĻԾĿеԲܡ
ղǿռѷ쵽ƶʱ䣬ǡ
һԡ
תԵһռѷ죬ҶĻ̽Բȥ
˱ܡ
ռѷһ㣬ԲܸոյѷԶ˿һܱߵļռѷҲԶ˿ˣΪԲ·һ㡣
ҶˡҶĻ˵ͷԲܱعƷרԶǿʹõıӦԶǿĳרǺš
ԶǿסĵطõĿռѷ죬ԶǿӡʱԶ˱ܺȻԶǿһУҲ̫鷳ˡ
ı
˿̣ҶĻһҪԲܼڵĳ嶯
ǺǺǣⱦ˵ؼֱǳ裬˭ܱȵ

ִƣҶĻһ˷ܵǰʼۡ
˱ܣԾ˱ܣҶĻ֮пռѷȫԶ˱ܣΪҶĻÿһ֮·
ҶĻľٶٴεõչֵĻᣬֻҶĻڹŴٶȿʼ񼲳ۡ
ΧԶǿ߷ռ䣬ԱԶǿصĻ㲻̫ټҶĻһ·裬̶һСʱʱ䣬ҶĻѾǰĳڡ
ԶҶĻܹڲҫ
ˣ쵽ˣ֮صĴŵأԶǿصĵشǰ档
μۣһ̣ҶĻһƬ׹С

ǰ׹һҶĻָɫҶĻС
ǰľɫҶĻȴǳסˡ
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ң񤣬ҶĻǰɫۡ


588 ʱһ
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