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½ﾺ֮ڣΪ
ࡢѹҶ죬ȴΪĸ׵õظ׵Ӵ̤۷֮·
ڡڡ£ҶѪ֮С
ɵҳĸ֮׵ݣıһ̤ƽϰһĽ⿪һγ¡
ڼ䣬ϰѧ󷨣֮ɣΪһӰ˵



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1 Ҷ
䣬ͮƶ䣬ʱǽƻˣϦأͶϲԣʱʱıżֻС۾һжôƽ밲ݡ
ʱӰߵһƬСһ¿Ӱפһ֮ǰ
Ҷ죬ӳʮͷûһ棬ĸ˵ǸΪͨĴӢۣߵȴ˵ĸο͡ĸǼŮҶСĽ֮ΪҰ֡
Ұ֣ʮ֮ǰȴĸҲȥˡ
ǷĹֻǼ򵥵Ѿͣɫ£ûһӲʾǱ˾ĵĴɨĹҲֻľƵģ֮Ͽšĸ֮Ĺ߸֡
Ҷĸ׵ķĹÿ綼ĸ˵˵
ɽĹȴЩͬȥʪģʱɧζ
ҶĹ˫ȭţҲϱ仯ʼķŭ𡭡
ԲǺûչ˺㣬뿪ܵ裡
ҶĲĹſɬ⡣
ϣè
ʱһЦȻӰʶ߳߸꣬ϳƵİҶ춢ס
Ҷ컺̧ͷеǱ˷ߺ޵ŭ˻Ƴ˵Ȼǣ
Ϊ׵һ׳˶ֻ꣬ٺһЦɻĵŶҰˣȻָǰĸ׵Ĺֻľһ˵գ⼸˶һ۾ȻЦ
Ҫɱǣ
ܴ˲ӿͷҶŭıһȻȭͷþȫǳ˹ȥ
ͨ
䣬Ҷصˤ˵ϡ
Ҳҳ׳󣿡
ӵЦЦҴ򣡡
һ£һӵϣҶȭһߴһﻹסĽš
ˣְͣɣµˣһӶѸɾҪʼϴˡ
˻֣Ҳֹͣ˶ҶŹ򡣵ҶʱѾǿѪڵ¶ʹɫǳ޾֮
ƽ˺ޣҽĲΪˣ
ŷþȫҶм仰
뱨ٸһЩ
ԭѾתȻת΢΢Цһ£ȻҶע֮һ˺ĸ׵Ĺ
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һ죬ĹΪأȻһԶԶķ˳ȥ
һĻȴֹҶȫµѪҺ˲ӿ飬ɤһ۵³һѪѪ˫еĳѾתΪ侲ͼɫΪˣѡ֮ʱҶҪʬǰ
ԺٺٺٵĳЦƺЦһ㣬ЦһͻȻᣬ˭ôˣطζֵ̫ǣϵӱɳϼ򣬴Ϊֹ
Ƭ֮˳ɳ֮ϣȥֻ߰˸ҶΧм䲻סĽţǵӰӶϦâϳֻȦССӰӿĶӦˡ
һҰҲȥμѡֱ̫Цˣ
ЦҰֻ˵Ҫѡϴأ磡
ô˵ˣ㲻һ춼ӲĺѵǰӴˣ֪ˣָڵصСҶĵ
Ҷʹ˼ȥǵѪҺȻޡһصһڣ˫ŭ˺ݺݶסҧͷ
ҰֻңֵǣҼ򣡡
˵꣬ȶ֣һѾסҶͷͷıһͨ⣬Ҳȿֺķ׷׶СҶȭͬʱﻹסĸߺҰֶ֡
Ҷ첢Ϊ֪ûκģ෴ģԼ˺ֻ侲ֱסͷҪȻһ˫ߺȵĶڳÿһˣͬʱвϵĸԼҶ죬סһУҪΪΪʹĴۣһǻڵģ
ŨŨĺСҶʶʼģڣһȭҵͷ֮ǻ˹ȥ
Լһյʱ䣬ˣ֮ͣͣ󻹲ÿҶһŨ̵
һԣҰ֣ȭͷεϸӵʵ
磬˵ˣôأѵԼһҰ֡ߵһĵ˵
˵Ķԣҵǰˣ
һʱЦЦлϵļŶСҶԵĴ
Цһᣬ䲢ڣ߻ѪһҶ죬ôˣװˣղŲӲĺ
仰ƺһ꣬ڵһɫ԰׵Ҷпʼ
磬ǡǸòİ˰ɡµĿµʵ
ȻСͺΪɱˡǿɲǴУ͵Ѹϴܱ֮ȵġ
˿ƺҲЩˣæҶУɵ˰ҶȴǷӦȫޡ
磬סĿȫͶϣĴ𸴡
һһ˵û
һŽɤ۵ķʱֱһ첻µزµСģ
ǿˡ
һ˲侲ֹˣƬ֮ͻȻеĿ޵еΣСЩ˫һֱӵ˵ϡ
ΪһϴȻҲЩ֮ҺһʱһıˣҲ˵ûˣһҰ˭ܷϣοҵѵסǣ
ƽ˿ڵѽĵǶ˭ҲӣһҰֶѣȻסǵġ
ԶԶԣʱǾ˵͵ǵĶҪǲŶִģ
˵ˣ粻˵ûھߣͦȥԼ˱ӣǾֻ̡ˣûɱ˰˵Բԣ
Լһ仰Ͱ˰жʱͷֵǷģ죬ȻҶţסˣǻϵôղ˵Ķԣû˺ʲôϵ
ѽˣƹѸ趼Ҫϴˣ
˵תܣϣһ͡һƨ
һ˽ԶȥɫҲ𽥰ֻɳ֮ǵһϢӰڰɡ

ǲ
ŨصҹĻըһף󶹴λ䡣
ʱֵת䣬Ҷϴ̹ǵ⣬ָ˶Ȼ󻺻˳ص˫ۡ
ʶҶĿ籩꣬¶һ˿Ц⡣
첻̼ȥ⽵´껽
ȷʵˣϡ޷ĺҶĽһֱֱȥ
ҶֹһҪվ𣬿һȫ㴫ʹУƹͷɢһ㣬رǰΪأ߹ٶ˼
ģȺֹݣҶһͬʱзĵѲк󸣣Ƿİɣһʩӵұضٱ
ڴʱȻһ磬ӳҹĻΪ֮һһը졣
Ҷ챾˼ȴͻȻľһòײվ𣬡ͨһˤڵϣʱ۵죬вס
缱񡢾ը죬Ʈҡҹ֮УҶӰԽԵù¿
ûмԼĸףĸҲʮǰͻȻˣҶȴ뵽ͷȥһؤֻܳʱҲͬһһĵص꣬ΪضлرŬܶһϺõ
뷨ܿͱһ˵ĳơ
һҶһʱ䣬ʰҷҲȱ˸࣬ڴһҴҪЩǮųصĲȻƣ֮ȴ˸߲ңСȴܸɵĳ档
ԸΥǻ˼ջСǿȥĲȻ󽫻ǮТָʹߣºҶŵ֪⻧˼СΪָʹ߱ҵĹӣ
ԩ޳Ϊζˣ
ԭܼ򵥣ֻҳʱһ仰ѡ
պڼﲻҵ๤˶ŬȻһǺôҲ֪׬ǮԼٿ㣡
Ϊ仰̬㿪ʼ˶Ҷ޾ѹ
㲻ô㲻ǷܷŬôãҾƫƫȥ
ԴҲûԸҶĲҩݣҲû˼ԸҶǵĿ๤ֵǣҶ컹⵽һٺ޵
ȻЩʼٸ߾
ɶڴ£֮˵ѡȴֹĮӺݡ
Ҷһ֮ڣΪ֮ԲΪ֮иֲҲһָھԵѹ£νģһ𶼲ֵ
ƽ֣ҲֻڵӵܹԼ˵󣬲ʸ̸۵ģ
ʮ־һͷҶ۵֮ѿ
һҪһǿߣһҪҵ쳹ڡ½


2 鱦ͨ

ӷһĿӽŲɼҩֱѾҹˣҶ컹ûĶһʳԶѾʼǿҵĿ顣
ˡҶε̾˿ҹյ죬ǲҲҶ⣬ʡȥٶĳѣƫƫ⣡
ҵͶӻûۣǽ͵ĸֹۺͼ㡣
ֻµĸˡ
̫ңںˮѸ͵Ҷ첻뿪òһʱǵĺˮͻὫû
Ҷҧҧʹ̵Űߵȥģûǰ֮ǰСүүҾܾôˣ
˾ţ֮Ҷ˰ߵС
оʯУȻٲ˿˴ʹҶһ߰ţһද˴ʱʶѾԽģˡ
ţҶ۾ʼպϣϵĶҲԽԽ
Ҫ˰ɡ
ҶţͻȻȴӵĽҰ֣Ұ֣Ұ֣˵ĳòһһǰ
Ҳ
Ҷһ˿Լؿڵ˴ϺݺݵĻȥһĵʹʱ˲١
ĴŴȻ뻳ȡ˽ɵҩݣһͨҩݣмأֽĲݡ
ҶųĲݣΪʲôͲǷֳ֮ܵأƫƫʲôġ
˵ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôæó⼸ղҩҪŵƤӣ
Ҷֹͣ˷ϸĶ
Ĳݣƽ׶ƷҩȻ޾֮·
ԭƤļأĲݾȻһƽ׶Ʒҩ书ЧƸƣȻֻǻƽ׶ƷϾҲҩͨĲҩЧȻҪ
ҶĲݵƤһóɫѿС
ԭˣѹֽĲݡ
ȻѿյǼᣬһɵζӿУʱͷԱоһ˿
ȻЧҶϲȻһڽ¡
˿˿ů˲αȫŷë׶һЩ״ʹůһ΢΢Щ飬Ƭ֮ױ㿪ʼһۿɼٶѸˣգۼָ糣һЩȽص˴ȻûȬʹҲǴᣬ²Աס߸·ӦҲûʲôˡ
ҿ㰡Ҷ쿴еƤᣬилǴδĸס
ǰĸ׵ԼҵһҵƤһС¯¯ƽƽ棬ƤῴȴΪ棬Ϊ֮־Ȼһֽ˿Ĳһһдȥģҹ˸⣬ԡǣȴмصݣҩġɱɱ־һЩԼδŵĶ
Ҷ֤⼸ձ㶼ҪɽҩȻųĲݱԼһ

صԼõéʱǺҹˡ
֨ѽ
Ҷƿţõȼ˵ڴϣһʰ׵ȲĽƤӻȡ׼ϸĶ
鱦ͨ
ҶĬĬŷϵĸ֣ĸеĻ鱦ͨǵ¯ǸԼģΪش󣬺ԼСԽ¶ȥˣԲûнԼ
뵽˴ҶطǳǿʼϸĶ
һҹҶ춼鱦ͨУмҶҲƬ½ϵҩһŵ˽⡣
κζЩϿĵȼ֣ɱɱҩģѧ󷨣еһжɸͷֱΪ졢ءƣĸײ㣬ÿ֮ͬɸͷΪһƷҪĸѰҵڤ۲ΪؽƷڵͽ׵ҩǰõǻƽ׶ƷĵײҩȻǽӽײҩЧҶ˵ҲƵҩˣԿ֪ף׵ҩǾ˵ҩ
֪ʱֹͣҶѾһϡ
ҶһĹǷ뵽鱦ͨصʵ̫࣬ҩƪ֮࣬һƪɱƪɱƪѧƪƪȵȣҪһҹ֮俴μǾԲܵģҪУշҪǳɫδϽһòѰЩҩһҪȡڰѡȡøóɼŻᱻأʸԼˣ
ѡڵĴͳ䶼Сÿ궼ٰһΣʤ߿νô࣬һԻôҵĿ϶ܵõٰ췽Ľ㣬ҲҪһ㣬Ǳлõľƺڽ޵
κ˶ʸμӵģΪѧռڣڵκһжᰲһضĵطѷΪѧڵϰѧϰܹܲûָͻ߽綨ӶѧĴţȻҲˡ
˵ߵھŶһƿѾҪˣҾȻͣڵڶ棬СӦѾǵˣҲǵĶΡ
һ٣ҶȴͻȻ˸ᶨĿ⡣
һҪԽȻѡʱĿ֮´ǵٱ
˵ţҶڲ֪г˯ȥ


3 ¯
ϴ¼ʱǹȥ˰࣬ҶҲһʼĿŭ侲ڵԼѾߵ߱κθο֮һΪҪ飬ŬԼһǿߣѸٱǿߵĽݾǸȱ˸Ŭͽҩİ
ԣӽһ翪ʼڣѾɽвɼĸʱ

ɽب֮䣬ɽж඾ޣ鱦дţɽסǿ֮һ׾Ʒĳͷˡ
ҶڵɽıԵɽԵǲʲôޣֻһϢĲ֮ҲΪĹ𣬿Щջ
ҶϢ£㷭鱦ͨοȷһЩļء
ʱɿţҶ鱦ͨ޷԰ΣɫѾİȴȻ֪ڽζƷš
ҶǶԵϵһŵ˽⡣
½֮ƣǿڴ֮Ϊԭ顢ڼǰִѹս΢ʱռ֮أֻ䣬ƾĪ󷨺ûȻһСĴڣƬ½֮ÿİɱʮ֮˾Ŷǳ԰֮֡
顢䡢ڵǧǰΪһ壬ԳΪڡʱƣŻ֮Խأ֮ƣʱսãֽ֮ڹϵƸĽ֮Ǵྶͥˡ
УϮͳڵϰţڶ⣬ͨѧȡûΪԪҲ˵ԪѧǿԪԶ˵Ʒ׵ѧΪҪ
ڵڶȹľŶ֮ʽĿڵţΪηΪߡʿʦͳۡʥ˴綨ÿ綨ַ֮ΪһŶΡ
򽲾ڣ䷽ǽ֮鱦ġɱǿ
ȻҲһ׶صķţǿͨӶڵ֮ң˼壬ұڣȻҩɵ鵤֮УԶڵ˵ڿֻβмһ˵ҩȴҪ
鵤֮лΪѪҺģӶɡңǻʹڶе֮ɱɱԼںڣӶʵ
ڰڣںģ԰ڲȴҲΪϵһݱڣǱڵţϰѧȴԸֹĪΪݱѪڣѪ֮˲̶֮ѪҺķǳġѪ辭
ڻѪڣֻҪǰʿͼһͬص㣬ǾǡΪ˱ǿԲֶΣ
Ѫд
ͨһѪ½֮ҪǿͱҪڵѪҺΪޣǵĿѪҺƷʲȴ޸֮ŮӺͺ֮ͯϣѪҺƷ״ﵽҪǾͿϰӦƷ׵аǿԼʵȻռƷʵѪҺǵɱĿҲʵ仯ŮӺͺͯѪҺ޷ǵʱǵĿͻתƵӡҰޡϣ

ҶݺݵҡҡͷаģѪǲֱ̣ԣȻΪȥɱ޹棡
ޣ
һ̧֮ͷ˿ɫֻӰбӰ͸֦Ҷϡϡּ֮ϡ
ɫҹ޻Ƶٴȥ¾ͲȫˣջҲ㲻ԻץȥΪáҶţȻĲĵ˵ͷ
صУҶƿţҵŪЩԵ¶Ǻ󣬱ȲĽղɼҩݸ鱦ͨļһһһ顣
һʮҩݣֻͨҩݣʣµĶʮһ֮ǰȹԼһĻƽ׶ƷĲ꣬ЧͬΪƵĵƷΪƽƷ˿һ꣬ʮһΪɣݵҩЧȴҶע⡣
ɣݣƽ׶ƷҩڷɴƵĵҩܹԣศɣ߽ϣʹжȡ磬Ӷڸ֮ʱ𵽳䲻Ч
ҪҩȻīһСι
ڶҩȻǲмһˣȱ˽⣬ҪȻõҩôɽԵײɵ
ҶǺһЦţȻ߶λ߹ңұʱտǲԶˣ

»ҪȰЩҩƳɵǡ
뵽Ҷ췭´ڴϳһľ䣬Ȼȡһ޲㸽ŵİ
СĽ򿪣ֻһ̵ͨĵ¯У֮һֹ׾֮Уϸ¯֮·ƣ˷裬Ҳ֣СҶ쿴һͷˮֻǿϳ֡
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ڴĿ£һںɫĵ¯йһֻС
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һ̡һյ衢һ㡭
Ҷûκα仯һ˿оûС
ѵ̫٣
ҶҲһѳеɣȫ¯УȻ¯ӵȴɣƵĳɱ࣬ƹ¯зĹâĳʱҲһЩƮɢζҲΪŨء
ɣҶ춢֮ǰȽɫΪںڣŵĵҩԥ
ͷʶһ£Ҷŵһĭд
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漴뷨㱻ˣƴˣҪѪôУ̣ǾͶһͷںڵҩź˸С
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Ҷ쾪ֵĿԼ壬ΪոյžԼڲġ
žžž
ʼϵشͬһȼĸɲһ㣬Ҷ㿪ʼоԼƤ͹ͷ΢΢Щ顣
ľ֮кܿʧˣȡ֮ȴԽԽصʹ֮У˺Ҷȫ亹乶£͸ͬʱȫ¾ͺ벻ͣĴ̵һ㣬˵ʹĸоԼһյ֮ſʼˣֱȫʧ
Ҷ˺һаһεĴѲ
ȻûôǲǾ˵
Ҷæվ鱦ͨصϰ
ֻһͶȵԶǼ򵥵ظһЩѣҶϰ˴Լһʱڼ䣬֣ԭֻߵƽеھȻѾܹߵؿڵĸ߶ȣؽת֮ʱҲһ޹ǵĸоڼ򱣳ֲ£ֱƺҲܹԱ䳤һЩ
ҶֺҴһȭȭͷ䣬ƾȻҲ֮ࡣ
ҶͷϲΪڸոյһ֮УǳԵĸо仯ңֹԣƺٶȣҪǿ˲١
ӦҩĴ̼֮£Ѿߵˡ
߽綨ڼҪԴΪλÿһεĵȼ֮ǰвͬĸоԵı仯ٶϵǿ
ζΣֻΣĻƱ֮ǲԶˡ
˫ϲŰԣϡͿͻ˵ΡҶ۹Ȼɨ򰲾ϵ¯Ͻһ˿˷ɫ
¯òǻƽɱɡǵĻǿɾϲ
ˣ鱦ͨл᲻й¯ļذ
뵽Ҷڴļæ鱦ͨ
ƽס
ৡ
ֽһҳҳƽ֮ȴδ¯֡
Ҷ̾һ뵽Ҷˣôܻôõ
ȻţȻͣȴ뷨
ؽס
ס
ס

¯
ڳҶУǹ¯ӵļȴ۾
¯鵤á
Ʒףꡭ
ꡭ
Ҷʧҡҡͷָֻ糣ţȻûоļأǸ⺭鱦ͨ¯ӦҲȥɡ
˵ӵĵ㡢Ǹʲôﰡ


4 ţС
峿ıּ䣬ΪʵĿʹ˾ˬ
ӶľϲҶ켸˷ܵһҹδߣҽɫո΢ȲɽвҩȻӰߣҶĲջˣΪҹķó˼߲ҩЧʵĽۡ
ҩҶ춼ǻŽҵܹҵһЩƷ׵ҩһƷҩĻǼΪεģɽΧɽмܼڶҩĲӣһЩײҩԴȴΪḻ
Ҷҹ⻨˼ʱƽһƷƷҩĵļһ㲻һ߷һ߶ҩˣֻҪ۾ɨͷбһŵӡҲЧΣֻҪҩȲɼһЧʹȻ˲١
ҵһã
ҶСĽһīɫ״صҩݲ·У¶һ˿Ц⣬ȻĿ˿еĳɹʼѰ

ʱһţתۼǰ࣬ʮʱÿնǡҩҩ
ȻҶÿɼҩļ֮࣬˴󲿷ֵɣ֮һЩЧΪƵĻƽҩֻҵ˿ѡ

Ҷһȼһ֮ǽһ鳵ְСʯٹͷȻʼ˽յĵڶֵϰ
һȼʱҶ죬ͬʱҲǿʼ̲סߵļ󣬿Ѿֲ˶ˡ
ʱͻȻӿһɵůǹůȫ绺֮֮дᣬΪѾס֫Ҳʼµ
ǵ迪ʼˡ
Ϊڶһٽ㣬Ҷÿյĵڶʼ֮ǰһžлָĵ裬Ӷÿÿ֮ʱԼȥ
֮ȻҪϿɽ̣ȡ֮ǰܹٽɽвɼһҩ
߽綨ϰŵļأߵȼÿյǿӦѭ򽥽˽ǿ趨ĹߣΪޣ𲻵һõЧܵ˺
Ź˵ʣһЩ֧š
ȻҶںߡ
ΪӵŴҩƵĵ֧ţҶԭӦܵǿ
һһٶȽľ벻̶̵أճ˵ҪͻƵҪʱĸңٶȺİ֮£ò˶ñɶĳԽ
Ҷÿ춼Բɼʮҵɣһҩǿɣ浤ãͳ̶Ѿ˼ı仯ֱۡȡȷλѾǿͶټϣεҶҲԼٴھԵ֮µġ

˿˿ůѾʼɢļ󣬳ĸоٴγҶ֫С
ΪҶõĵ趼һЩײĻƽһƷҩƣ䷢ӵҩ̫־ãֻܰҶ컺һǿȡʣµҪҶԼˡ
ڼʱ㻹ڡȼţƮ
ҶͷţˮŶͷļƺҲڲϵĿţȵҲǽƤۡ
ʱţѾȼ˴룬Ҷ켡е֮ҲѾݱҧɵʹ֮С
ͣȥϢɣѾˣѾѾˡҶͷһ˿Եͷ
ͷոճ֣ҶѸٵĸ˷񶨡
ˮɽ˦类ոܹʪͷͷҧأ
Եÿп࣬Ϊˣ
ųĻҽ紵䣬ȼ˾ͷ

ͬʱҶҲһ󺰣ȫ֮һȭǿʯ󣬼ӲĴʯȻ˴ơ
ĶοҲԶˣ

ʱ̣΢Ϊ
Ҷ쳣˷ܵĴڼ֮УΪνɽҩ֪ð̻أȻ˵ҵһƽ׾ƷΪṦĵݡ
鱦ͨеļأͬƷ׵ҩ̺ҩҲǳɱģ뿴ƽһƷҩƵĵ趼ԸҶĪİôƽ׾Ʒһε˸ûᷢӳã
Ҷһ·񱼣ܿ㴩˼У̤˻ؼҷһҰµƫƧС·ɳڿϲ֮еȴ˿ûע⵽ڲԶǰǲε塣
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ͻȻ䱻ʲôصİһ£ȻҶһֱֱ˳ȥ
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ʱ˵ڴı飬Ŀת˲ĶǵȥӰѾʼѳζǵһЩЦԡ
Ƿڰ֮ǰҶȻǴͷµһʺ˵ȷǴĲͬˡ
˾㵵ĿУֻҶͬʱ˫ȾȻһֲ˼ƽ쵽ǰȻڻһĻ֮ȵ˵ϡ

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ǲҪҰҶǶʱаЦȴװ
Ȼֵܶ˾ڸղŵһĻҶȻֻһߣ޻֮Ұ֡
ҰֽôˣһӲĺܵҶͻȻľȻֵܶЩϰˡ
ºүүҺҸһҪôȷȭͷڳһ˵ģ
ʱҲعݺݵĵ£үү
ҶŶˣһЦһһģ϶һСִг˱ȴûֻı£ԲܵҪԼġ
˵䡢ңͲòһеĸˣ·ΪɣʵǿĵʵѾʦ䲩ԶڵңΪҺңڵҡֻһҵˡ
ǰ£үүҶںװͰ͵ı飬ƵĽǰ˵Ļѧһ顣
Ȼ֪ǾͿ򣡡ԣȻΪҶˣĵ
ȴҶĵ٩֮⣬Ƹ磬ڶС磬ǹء
ԶʱɫǺ죬ΪΣֱһ˵ܵϣŭ֪
ҶЦѧĿǵȻ֪ǾͿ򰡣
̣ţȻǰҲǼΪӲĴҲûôеİҰֶǼûڣСֵ
뵽ǻȭͷ໴еҶؿڴ
ȭͷϮĶߵٶȶͨ˵Ҳ㣬ǶڴߺڲӵҶ˵ֱСһ
ֻҶֻһ΢΢ĲһȻȭͷͬȭͷķ˱ǲ½ȥ
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ȫȭȴûлĿ꣬ǿĹһ֮ղסͷһԽŢˮ֮С
ΪҶ쵱ԴΪԼٶܹȫѹҶ죬һȭҲضܴУԼʹȫʵȴ֤Ҷ쾹ȻűΪݵķӦ
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ѽѽҰ֣
ڸŭĽкУҲȭͷ׼֣ҶȴûиȳֵĻᣬȭͷոջӳͬʱҶȭͷѾǰߵǰæջȭͷȻȭΪӭȥ
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ֻҶǱֱֱͻȻ֮Ťһֲ˼ĻȣȻƿĺȻ磬صĻؿڡ
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ҶתͷȥԭҲˮ֮Уýò˻ȥ
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ԶʱסǰŹҶһĻĻǰҶһлܣʱǷˣҶ콫֮ǰܹȭǶ˽컹û⣡
뵽˴ͷҡĸ˹һ㣬һҡҡ
Ҷ첻мĿһۣȵ
һ漴ﲻסĵлȻǱȥ
ȥͬʱҶֳһ˵ףȻ΢̣һˣ


5 Ķ
ҶڴϣŽʱ飬ֻޱʹ졣
ڴ֮Ҷȴûгʤ׷ʲô֣ѡ֣ΪСҴıĵ
Ҷ֪֮飬졢ҵСֵ֣ҲǲЩΪͷϿҺҳģҶֵܣôСҲϵ̫ˣΪԼͷϿû˳еֻ©궬©éݡ
ԣȻֻһ壬Ҫ֪ĳԼ˶ȴҲ練ơ
ֵһûˣһ˶Ҳûͼ֮Ӧòʲô鷳ڸСĵŧһȥæģߵټһСܣˣδռˡ
ҶţȴģΪԽţСֻҪܹڽͻߵĶΣôǸŻеĳԱҲһս֮ġ
Ҷ콫봲ͷƬ̣ȡһŵĶ򿪣ȻһֱҶΪ䱦ݡ
ֻ̣ͨͨҰݺԲżѰңο٣ΪʱֵݾԳֿݻ̬֮ȴȻҶҲѰġ
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֪˶ãҶ˹ͷ¶Ѿ֪ںʱָ糣
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ȷʵˣҩƵĵҩǿֻߵҶ˵»ЩܲˣƵ꣬ѵ»ԣټһ꣬Ҳһغˡ
Ȼǳȵġ
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뵽Ҷ㷭鱦ͨȻһƬ鱦֮ͨϽɫʵȴǹâ˸ֹâΪأȴ˿˲۵ĸо
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Ҷ콫ҳѧƪ֮Žײ˳ʼ
ƽһƷѧơ
ƽһƷѧȡ
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Ҷ챾һĿǧУ㷭ʱ⣬ȻھһʱĶϲķ֣鱦֮ͨȻûжѧʽļأȴѧǿ㶼ЩǳȷĽͺӦԷ
ƽһƷѧ転ȭ
⼸ʱԺͻȻһ˿Ϥо
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ǣҶ㰴ӣϸĶ

һĶҶ転ȭҲһŵ˽⡣
転ȭȭԸƣȭȫʩչʱʽ֮󿪴ϣ転վͣľѵľԪ֣߳ȭܹХȭʱҲܻóΡ
νԣȱҲǷǳԣʽ֮λܶ࣬ױ˷ȫ֮ʱҪҲᱩ¶ܹ׼ȷİջᣬɵһһǲɱģǾǴȭԪҪ޷־ս
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Ҷ뵽з΢΢⡣
ߵĶΡټ϶Է転ȭ˽⡭
ǺǣҲ˵ʱˣ


6 ԵŮ
ҶԭΪڽֵǰֱҲûзҲͲ˷ʱȥȴǣԼڵʵѾ㹻Ӧˣʲôʱ򱨳Ҳʱ⡣
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ҶӰвסĴ̶Գһ㡣Ķ֮ҲǹϵĽɼҩ˴ɽԵɽѡһЩһɼƷҩĻҲǴ࣬ʲôײҲ֣ΪҶٶȷӦԼϣʹ򲻹ڵײ޵ǰӦҲǲġ
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ˣǱȥһǸʲô˾޿ô졭
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ԽԽҶߵҲǳһڵصŮ
Ůʮͣ۵֮ϣ촽ݡüĿ续СҲǸƽһݳҼ֮С
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ŮԹԵĿһȻаװܷܷĨĨᣬСұҧˡ
ҶһбӵСɽҩҧ˶ٴˣʹģǶҧģҲ׸ѣ޿ûûˣһ˼ҵĽŮߣ
ԭԴ˼ҳձûʲôøУǲΪĵֻҧһڣûȱ첲ȶģǽ飡߲ߣߵĻ˳·Ҫǲߣҿûޡ
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Ҷ¶һŵı飬ȻһװװͰ͵ӣʲô˼㻹Сүү㰡
ŮǸģҲٿˣһ˫ˮĴ۾ȴ¶˾ǿĿ⣬Ȼ΢бŭ˵û˵Ҫңα䳰ȷľ˵Щ
ãҲ˵ˣؾҰ㣬һأ
Ҷ˵תߣѰ˼ţڿұСүүʶˣȻ˼֮˹ȻûһöһͲһףߣң

׹ɽƶ䣬ǰʱ֡

ּС֮УһӰĻţǱһ˵Ů
ģǱˣ
ҶŤͷһ۱ϵŮвϱԹš
ԭŮ뿪߳Զ֮ŮȴûиʱҶǸĺıֿʼϵȥ֤һŮǲĶˣҶ۷ȥصԭʱֻŮɫ԰ףȻԶʱˣ˿ҶҲǿŮ˿ڣֻǰĽ󴦺ȻѪӡѪӡʼ֮ѪܶѾ˹Ϻɫ
ҶһԺ֮бǸֳ˶֢״֮ݡ
Ůıҧˣ߻ͨߣһѪߵĻƽһƷޡ
Ҫ˵ѪߣҲʲôµĴڣ乥Ϊ㣬ͬƷ׵ҲǲֵһᣬΨһµĵطڱҧ֮ʱƣԣ֮ҺѪɢĸʱķʱҲ֮ͻѪɱԡɱߵκλ
ҪѪ֮ȴҲǲ̫ѣֻҪҵһΪѪݡĻƽ׶ƷҩȻ˿ڴƬ̱ɽⶾ
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˵Ҷǰղҩʱòɵһ꣬ĿǰڼУҲǿҶ죬Ȼܰ߶ԲѵŮһɽԡ
۰ѾһʱˣȻŮĻҶһ·ǡ²족ıԹͣ
˴ŰʱǰľʼıϡϤеʱҲӳС
ڿ쵽ˡҶظ˿û꣬ԶͻȻһȺ˿ٵ߱
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ʮӰճҶǰΪ׵һʮһµòŮӣһ׳һӣ˵ķǾͬ·ڴҲһµġ䡱֡
˪֮ԸݵһֳɫҶ챳ϵŮ
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ԥϾõôһСС꿴ǼΪ׵ѡ񣬿³ʲô취
̾һסҶ죬ͬʱţֻҽˣ


7 Ҵ
ޣģˣ
Ҷһ䣬Ȼ󽫽õѪķ˪˿֮ϡ
⡭𣿡ڼҶ˼򵥵Ʒʽ¶ɻɵ
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Ҷϵı˲佩Ӳһϵĵǿ߰ɣҪϢˣ
ˡʵŮҶ첻òһᣬոҽ߳ٲȻҲǽȻˡ

Ұ֣ҹ
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ں˪Ҷզգۣ΢ЦҶ磬Ŷ

˵ȥеҲʼĽ
ȴƽָҶҰ֣˵˰
ҶһЦδش⣬ǷʵҴ𣿡
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ҲҶʵȴһЦĶΣҰԽԽҾϲ˰
磡
ڴ֮У˵ȭͷصײһ𣬰һ죬һɼϸ΢Զ˵˫ȭΪɢ
ţҶ챻Ȼһվһĵ顣
һСܼ˽ʱϲЦտȻǾ̾Ҷٶȣǽ˵˻ǿ

СӴﵽĶҲĶ֣һأ
Ǳ׷׿Ƿǰǻһ߿ƨһҶ죬ڲ֪ѾֻʣǰߣȻָı䣬Լ
˵ĿУɫȴѸٵΪȻռϷ磬ףȻԼʹǰ˳һߵ˵ӦֱӽĶɻŶԣɶСӾȻֻ΢΢ѣ
пʼȴɡ
СӣղֻҿҪʹȫ˰ڹڵϽүүҽ㲻
ҶǺһЦֱȳһƣף֮ôΪºڷɱҹǣǱŪԼģȻҲҶ⡣
Ϊ¹˭δ֪
ҰֻҲҪ֪ǰԶǲһ
˵գӰþȫҶǰҪһȭ
ȫ׺һҶȴ㣬ҲмܣֻǾվԭأ¶гЦ⡣
Сӷ𣿡
ȫҲǶ㲻ȥ˰ɣ
ȭͷǰһ磬ҶȻһʱǷһ˿ЦֿҾͳȫ㣡
ȥɣ
һȣǿȭͷҶؿҪ粻
ֻһգۣǰҰֵĵɱҺΪ촷ۣ
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䣡
׳˶ɶȥȻصˤڵϣƵ

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ǰԼ˼֮ãȴһн֮ʵǿĲʡ£Ҷɱ䣬˵ӿһ״ľ֮С
ǸһҰ
Ȼǣ


8 ˣ
˽ԭأȻҲʼδ
£ġʧǰʧҶ䣬Ŀɨľһꡣ
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㻹ʲô߰
ھ˶ݵĴͺ󣬳֮ļ꿪ʼӦ˹¶ı飬ȻȿֺѸ뿪Ƿ֮ء
Ŀ͡ȺɢͬȥֻŵغȺС
ʵγǺ֣ҶһһӰǰҲǲϵȥȴȻķǵ˵㡢ҸϴȫΪһʱ⣡ûôõ˰
ǺǣΪϴӮýңԲҪٸһΪԼ֤ĻҶ첻ϵȽ֮ѾһèԵ֮ǰҪ֮ĥһζ
磡£Ƕ˺Ҳδؾʹ򲻹һԵȴǱֵķǳӲһѷסĿĿҶ졣
ŶҪСүүʾֵͬϽ𣿡Ҷ첻мһЦ˵ĽŲȴδֹͣ
ƴˣ
һ󺰣ǳȴ
ֻǰһѽҶȥȻȾܣ·ͬʱﻹסĸߺҶ죬ĹҲǱƵģŹңԺٲˣ
ߣҲƴȫҶ֮ǰɲס˽Ų
˿Ҷ죬Ťͷ˿ܵñӻıܣǲסֶţŷҪ޳һ㣬ȥʮֻЦ
Ҷ챳ǰȦָоͺϻŸող񵽵ȻԴЦʵҲǱƵİɣ
ԶʱݺݵĵͷûûǸˡ
˵Ǹ˵ָʹģǻȴ֮еֻҪûҲǲ׵ĹȻ󣬵ǿǱˣڲƵϵĻ³ҲõȥҲ¸м
Ѿص֧֧κ˫ϥһҪġ
ȿȡ
֮ʱȴؿڣסͿȵĴӵ
һ״ѾɹƵ˫ϥȻһּΪȻĸоǳȻһѽסҲ˲ת˹еɫȻĹĵ磡㣡
Ҳ˲˾ϣһͻȻ޺̨Ҷ죬һҵĹӣһĿǰ˵ռϷҰ֣һѾѧ
ȻѶעѹںһǵѡ
磡÷転ȭָҶٻĵ
ǰߣһѽ˦ȻƺðŻݺݵĶסҶ졣
ȻҶĶߵһлɱҲأŵԼһȴһлԼҶ죬в˾޴ѹȸУײҷҶ췢չôԼЩĳޣӵ㹻֮ԼչıֱɱԼ
뵽淺⣬Ƕɱ⣺ֻ㣬Ŷ漸꣬ڿѾûǸҪˣ
⣬ҶҲԴ
転ȭ
һȣ˫צ״ʽ׺ҶϮ
ƿ֮ϣȻʹ˷転ȭ֮ѧҲֱӽ˼
صҶ˵νҲдӰʼˡ
СֱӣһθղԣҶڽڰˣҲǴĳз転ȭҶѳѾҲûʲôˣ޿֡
ԭΪֻǸҰ֣û뵽㻹ث֣̼Ҷ졣
̫ˣǰߵƣҶӰͬʱеƮһ仰
ҴԲѣһƸ׺
転ȭȭԸƣʽ󿪴ϣ転վͣѾԪ֣߳ȭܹХȭʱҲܻóΡ仰Ҷﵭ˳

һ㶣ҵѧôҶĿ׼ȷ˵
ӦƬ̺ҲǲмĵøҰ֣Ȼ͵ѧҵѧҽضҪȭˣ
ʱѾ転ȭȫʩչƴɣƿ֮Ҳǲ
ʽ֮λ̫࣬ױ˷ȫ֮ʱҪҲᱩ¶ܹ׼ȷİջᣬɵһ
㡢˵ʲôһ־㵵ԸӵıҶ쿴仰Ҳ
ʹ÷転ȭʱҪƺԼֹУԱĸֻ֣аװķˣ
仰ԺвϵĻصţǰ˲ʲô֣߶λԼû뵽ǣһ˾Ȼ転ȭ㣡
뵽ҲǼæҪסȭԱ転ȭѾȫʩչôô˵ձյģ
ڣ
ʱҶҲһʺȣȻͻȻָ֣̽ץǷĹϮ˹
צ粢Ƕôȴ׾ٵĴ˲ȭӰļͷץ
ǲ
һ𣬽űһΪ˻

ʹĺڵأͷ˲Ҳ亹乣Ȼ˼Ĵˡ
ʱվһԵҲٶȴľǰôҲ벻κɡ
߳ҶһʹѧǰˣȻֻһУ
ǰѹ˼֮õˣʵȻһҹ֮˿ɲ
˿˿ĳʱֱĴ䣬ֱ֮ҲԵĴλȻǶˣ
ҵʹѾʧȥ˷־ĿŵĿҶ졣
޷ţ֮Ļ֮Լӵſ˵õѧʦָֻһûû˶ԼʱؿԽҶ컹ҪΪƷԼһǰߵеʱҶ컹ֻһߵ
һһеԽУڸոյһ֮˲仯ΪУ
𽥵ת˿־壬־ã־ȴĽǸΪҵĸ

磡ǻ
˵С֮ܣǴ򲻹һϣ
ԶͻȻӵĺӰҲǻĴӺڰ˳
ԭȥҰ˰ǺǣȻˣǾһϺˣҶŸոǱ룬ȴ۷һ꣬ɫ䣬ȥ
ȻԵ˵ĴȱǶԼĲ̣ȺոԮδȻһආҶ챾һͷѸٵʧˣȻֻΪǻΪϰҪΪǵĲ֪壡
ҺĿˡȴִԲǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ʱҹպѹѹģһҶǳӣ˴һִĸоŨصҹĻǳȫڵֻһʵӰʡ
é֮ǰĿյϣһڿڵʹٴĿɿڴʱÿ˵жڲţһֱҶĿд˿ҲڼٵתеĿ־塣
ҶĿ䣬һһ˻
УǰԵӰ˿̾ȻɢϢѹȸС
ָоѧģףԴڳޣ³ҲֻĿʼѣ
һҹ紵˼ƬƵҶҶҲʱøˡ
Դ˾һʱӿʼķ


9 㹷

̶Ĳҽٴ鼫ΪʹĹڵأ³Ҳ˺һǾǣ´ӽʼҪһм֮ˡ
졢ܰ
Сӷˣ
ɱ
龰һ꿪ʼҵĴҴܡո̶õһϣҲڵĸܡ
ʵʵҲδؾͱҶ̫࣬ǴСĽѾΣձֻẦµ֮ˡ

ҵĸ첲ҵĸ첲
һȺ޵ı־ȫռ죬Ѿ޵ֿʶثǣҶ绢Ⱥһ㣬֮ǴһҽУȻһϵһֱֻ۵굹¡
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㡢ҡҶһëҵһŹģΪȵĺ¶ѾԼǰҶ죬˿̣ĸоֳɱ
㲻õģȻа취Ҳң
˵꣬һ˸źذѾҶУȻһѽסİذǰؿڴ
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𡢱𣡱ɱңҲ£ҲүүļǿźģҶֱ˵ɱҲô£ɶĿһĿ־壬ҲֿסͨһֱӵĹҶǰ
ҶүүرڣҺΪʲôһֱô㣬費ˣǹģҰɡ
ذԽԽȻڲϵţͬʱһɧζ˳
ڣҲܲסˣƺ˺ܴľģһ֪һܣ
ذͣҶɫһͣϾͻָ糣ĵǸҺ˵Ҷȫʬ
Ҳңһɫĵʵǲġ
ŴԣҶ˺Ȼһץס˵׵㣡ʲôСǲģ
ѱҶ˵ӣ˵Ѿ˿ǻҡ˵ˣɵһ
˵ҶһȣһԵŵһ
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˵͵͵ĿҶһۣȻųĿڣʵǱġ
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Ϊ֮һҵˣҶȻţ֪ҲȷʵΪɫǿŮѾһˣԼֻ߰ѡ
ô֪ģҶеذ׷ź⣬Ļش⣬֪
ŵúΡΡĵ鷳˵ͻȻԼһͣĿڵ·ÿſҴǰһǰкҡ
ʲô
Ҳ˵˵Ļ̫
ֱ˵ĽҶȻν˵ʲôԲû׷ʡ
ҺкˣʵҲ뿴Ծ֮ĵ˻ûȿǰͿæ˳ͷҲصˡ
ŶΪʲôҶͷҲɻĸһΪŮӣôܰѾʿ綨ŵ
ҾͲ֪ˣҵҿʱҲûпʲôµĶֻ裬֮㲻ʡˡҿȷǣһġ
ƾʲôȷϾɵ㣬Ļ˿Щ̫ǡ
Ϊȥұұ˵һּΪĹұȥһΣ֮Ѿˣұƾϵ֢״óһۣǾԭһһǿߣڱ¹ʲôɣǿгƽɣ½ϣȻӦȥԾͷԾˡ
һ˵꣬Ȼ۰Ͱ͵Ҷ죬Ǿ䡰ˡ
Ҷ֮ɫأ˳˼С
һʱȥˣֵڿڣųʵҿԡ
ɣ
Զʱֳһ飬ȻæӴȥ
Ҷ쿴ǱӰסˣŷŵԣ㹷Ժñǰɣ
ʱѾܳʮɿ⣬֮һЦûижС˵־һĽҰҵţھڼУҶʬΣ
Ҷ첢Ϊھ·ʱϵôһֻ֣ﰵСˣټ֮ձɥ֮ʱ


10 
Ҷڴϣ˵Ļþò˯
˵СҲһȻΪƲѣˡĺҵﲢơȻÿմܶŹֺݶʵսҪСǿࡣ
Ҷ첻ϵظ֡
֪ӦһĶʿ˰ɣʮεĲ࡭
뵽ҶȻɵݺƽڡ
ĶʿҶĿǰ˵ʾǸԿԽϰȻܹ߽綨Ӷʿ綨˵Ѿܹ֮Ԫ
ĶߵҶȻҲܸܵԪڣΪ廹ûдﵽܹԪǿȣҲǲóȻԪģΪԪ壬Ҫǳ֮ߣûһΪǿǣôóȻԪǼпܶԼɷǳ˺ġ
ԪȻΪϰ֮ԷǳҪܷԪ֮ĲҲǲͬնġ

ڳصĺУҶǿȥͷĺˮ̧ͷգʱѾֳһĨǰף֪У賿ˡ
ڽҲڽʮεĲҪҪȵʲôʱ򰡡
Ҷ΢΢̾һĿ֮ȴżɫ
Ҫ챨𣬿һҪһЩ󵨵ĳԲУ
ʮεĲڳҪ֮òܴﵽȻҶԽҩ֮ɸߵǿȣҪɶĳԽҲҪң˭ܱ֤᲻뿪ʵ᲻ͻͽò˶ù֮ҲǰѰ𣬽ʱԼûԽһҲδ֪
ԣֱҶ첻òգȡһЩرĴʩ
ν߽綨һ;ĿʼΪԪȿǿҲ˺˫ԣҪԪǶĳŷǳߵҪģ߽׶εһΪԪûǿĹ̡
ߴﵽŶ֮֮Ϊʿʿ綨ѾﵽԪı׼ʱ߽綨ı仯ͻǳԵֳǾԪľ޴ô
ô㣬һԪ壬ȻȻܳʱãȴԽѭĹӿٵٶȣΪʿרšҲǸҪģǾǳ֮ʱԪ𵥴ֱǿࡣ
ΪٳɲȥǿгԪҲǳɹȴ֮٣Ľ඼ǱԪϾһˣɹʲ֮һ˷Ŀô
Ҷԥ֮һĳɹʵ̫ðգ±ɷˣµԼ˷֮ԶʧȥΪĸױ
ԥֻƬ̣ת֮Ҷ˾ν뻢Ѩɵûӣȥðôﵽ޷ĵز
뵽ʯ̨֮ϣȻ۹۱ǡǹۿڡڹģ̶붨ȻΪ󵨵ĿʼҪ̤ʿ綨˲ŸڳԵһͼԪ
Ԫؼһ֮絶岻ǿ˵һǳΣյĴڡ
ʱҶɫĻţΪ֪Լ˵ǿԪһСĽٲĽ
ˡ
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Ҷаϲʹ֮Ԫ״̬ǸӦԪʱı֡
ʹвǿңΪΪɢͺյóһ㣬ⶣһ£ҧһڡȻԭΪҶڵǿȼ󻹲˲Ԫ
ʱţһԵƵʱ仯ʼǵѾ˷ǳܼĴʹԼһʱ󣬴ʹѾתһľ֮С
ľ֮ԽԽأΧҲԽԽͬʱҶͻȻоƤ֮͵һָоͺһεĴ֣ҲϵԽԽԽԽ

Ҷʹˮܶ£Ҳ˵ط쳣ıƣƤҲʼһ˺ѰʹָоҶ岻Ĳͷ֮еʶҲʼģ
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ڣҶѾﻢ£ѾأֵĻǰԪ»ʧȥֱӰԼ˺顣ȥĿǰҲòȥ
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ʱԪγɵѾԽԽǿѹ֮£ҶƤʼϸ΢Ѫʱֻȫѹ
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ͻȻεĴƺһɣȫʹ糱ˮȥͷҲ˲࣬ԺкԪѾﵽȫһµƵʣ϶ΪһʱһּΪƽȵƵҶⲻ񶯣ͬʱһ޵ԪҲѭ
ѵɹˣ
ҶѹеĿϲԪʸоָоӦþ˵Ԫѭ
ԼһʱָоŻʧǹϸ΢ԪҲʧ١
Ҷ˷֮ɫԱʱļ֮ѾһּΪĸоȭȣκζɰĸоٶȡȻõ˼
ңӮⳡΪʱĶĲ
ɵ̾һҶ˸ղŵľͻƾԲýͣҪôҵɹԭ
ոյ־չԺһɳɹɹѹصĹؼ֮ʲôء
Ҷüͷ˱Ŀ˼С
ͻȻһԺ

ҶȻ˫ۣڶ֮ſʼԪģ
ͶȵԪҪ󣡡
ҶϲȻĿǰٶȺͼͶȻܺ;ŶᲢۣͳ̶ĳѾһʿ
鵤ټʿ綨ʹõԪѭţﵽԪʿ綨Ӧò˶ˣ
뵽ҶҲԾԾԣתȻȭ
ǡǡǣ
ż֮һʯȻѷ죡
ٴҶ𾪣ɲӵе
Σ
˵ĽٶҶ˲ıĵֻ꣬Ҫ꣡úϧеɣ


11 
˳ӿ֮ڶʱҶֵһ֮С
ΣǾĶʿ綨˶֮࣡ҿɲܷ̬뵽Ҷӵ·ɫɫ̯λ֮ջĿ⣬ҴҶȥ
ܿ죬Ⱥʼϡ
̧ۿȥֻɽȻڰĺɫ֮УӴɽ಻һЩ͵ΣɽͳƼ䣬Ĺžצ
ɫû͸ȡɽɼЩҩҶš
ʱҶȴǸе¥֮ĿԼ
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ɣҼǵһ˶ôͻȻôˡ
˲òడ
ûҶתͷȥֻ·һԿķһ͵͵ԼһСš
Ҷ첢δᣬȴԿЦǺǣ˭˵ĺ²Ŷǧû뵽һСүүʹˡ
ԭеѾʮڱ͵͵ˣ˵Լϵһֱ۵顣
˵Ӷ߽Ķֻһµʱ䣬ٶȼֱǿֲ
ǲˣǱҪ츳ͺãҲó쿳ЩƲˣӰ֮̾¶Ũص⡣
Ǹһȴ˻ʮʱһʿǺӶʮ㻹һʿ׻˵ĺĶר򶴡ԹǶӱôԼǸʲô
ޣǸصһǿź뿪ˡ
Ҷεҡҡͷİķڷȷʵϰߡ
룬ҶͷǰСϦĹâӰϳԶԶڽֵͶȥ
ڽֵѾûʲôˣҶǼӿ˽Ų
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ҲôҶа룬һ
ɲʲôƢĴүǱȵһ̶ǲױ˵ġ
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㾹ȻʶңȣƺΪԸ
ʵҶ쿴ҲЩ죬ֻᷳΪԸѡ
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紵Ϯ
㵽׶֣ҿҪˣʱҶѾȫޣΪѾΧ˺üȦˣֻ´
𼱣óȴиһЩͣס˽ŲЩ˷ܵĵĶߺڣϾҪͻ˰ɣ
Ҷһ漴ȴ֮ԱǣЦʲô񣬾Ҳװ⣬Լжô
ҹڣһʱ侹ȻҪͻˣǺǣȻǸţ˵˲ӿ֮ɫָץͻȻҶϮ
Ҿϲٵţ
Ҷԭ͵ֱ̫࣬͵ϮܲǰǶѪۡ
ñɣҶŭһȭȻʤԣԴоҶķ
赭дҶĹȻЦһСӣǲǱ䣬һ˵ɡ
Ҷһ˺վƵ˵䣬ȻҲڼŸҲֻĶߵǽϽϼΣ
ŶƺҲȤҲ£Ҳˣʲô棬湻˸ʹ
԰գһ˫צĴ󿪴ϡ
˴򶷣в뿴ֵ߿£ڼ֮ԶԶ˿ԶйۿĶ׹ֶǷףվĽŪþܵǣ
ʱȺ֮оڶ
ǳĺСҪˣ
ĺǵĸţ˼ƣŽз転ȭأСһȭ֮¿¾ҪԽĽˣ
ǸǽҶСӰɣϧඡ
ǰͷҪˡһԹ
ķƣҶаЦһȻֻĶߵҲ˼˵ɣ
үǣƺ˰ɣҶǺһЦ﹥ǰ֮ʱȭбб̽
ʵѾﵽĶʦԷ転ȭտν¯࣬һʹƴɡҲ˵ҶƵ転ȭһ£дֻƾԼҶԼǰ벽

ȭߵ֮ȻȥͬʱҶƴȫα٣ȭͷ͸צӰصȥ
ģСڿңҶͻȻߵŷӦʹ֮ܣҪסѳɵķ転ȭҲǼΪףֻĿҶȭͷֱԼؿ֮ϡ
飡
һ촫ﵹͬʱǰһĻһš

о֮ڶһڹۿĿɿڡ
ûûɡ

һҹ֮ΣٶȼֱҲΪˣ
Ԫ壿Ҷ쿴ŸղܹȥһȭĹĻЩʧ䣬һûܶ˺½ûʲôˡ
ǺǣթȻǸɱĺӣ¥֮ٴγ֮е֮ء
ʱ첻ȻΪոաҶȴҶ콫һеͬʱҲӿɫ
ܵĹڣֻ˻Ц𾪣κһֱ˵һ衣
磡ƫУﶪʱ̴ֻܵǰ磬һ˵ұˣôһأҲóףɫôôѿ
ž
һһƴĲ෭˳ȥ
㻹˵￴Լ¶ЦҶ죬ʱֻѼȥˡ
ȻˣҲˣ·ɣɱ⡣


12 ׬
𣡡
ȻлХͬʱȭֱֻ֮̽ԪӿȻóΣХ
ʦѾܰԪԪΪԼ棬Ȼϰѧ仯̬۳Σ󻯵ļѧ
ʦ綨ܹﵽ߲ʮˣǶĴڣ
ʱ·ߵˡ¥֮еʳ͡ˮũѾе߿ԳҶΪΧһȦӡ
Ͼʦĳֶͨ˵νѵһοһǳѾõһȵ𡢲𾪵Ҷ죬ȻĿǰ˵ʵ⣬ǹҲһڴҶܹٴγ䲻⡢쾪ϲ
ȥɣ
ȭͷ֮ϵԪûͻſѪҶͼһٽҶΪ촷ۡ
ӰδǰҶо޴ѹȸͽȻ缤֮£ȻεϷۡ
𣡡
Ӱ֮ͫѸٷŴգ۱㵽ǰٶ֮Ѿ޷ܵơЩΧ۵˼龰˫ְסǿɲ뿴ԽɽĶһĻ

һȣҶþȫֻӭǰͬʱϾȻһּΪŵŤ̶ȿһ

ۿ˶ʱһľȻִ۽ĸоҲŴ졢Ŀ࣬߶ĶʦǿɽʮεĲడԼһӦɥʧỹȭˡ
ʱ¥֮˵ȴǺȻ⣬ĿⶢҶ죬Щ˷
ȻһȭЮԪȴûܾȥҶظѪڣֻԪιĵطʹ쳣
￴УҶһԱͷѣͬʱȭĶǰӵͬʱٴһֲ˼ĳ̶Ťȭ
ͬ𺧣ֻʱģϾʹҶƾŹղһҲֻǳ䲻ˡ
Ұݺݵһ䣺ô㣡
໣
ҶϮȭͷɫмȭΪơϵĻӰ˲ʧ
ƺΪ֮һͣǿޱȵԪ䵤ﱩӿֱۣȻֱۼӿȻһԪƲͣҶȻȥ
й˲ڣĿʼղŵĽҶܹ֮ǿȻΪֵûʹ£һʦǿ
ߺߡҶǷһ˿Ц֮ԻΪľǼŭĿʵǡ
䣡
˵ע£ССȭͷȻײڹγһɫĻȴЩĽһšҶһ㵹ɶȥ
һжڵʯ֮䣬ߵΧɫϧ죬ǷЦ¥Ӳ֪ʱѾӰ

޾ڹ֮дһҺ
ʵ̫ǿˡ
ϧˡ
Уúõһžôˡ
̫˵ɣԸһõֶôɫĻл߳һӰˣ޳Ŀǣǰ¥ϵӡ
Ŷ䲩Զ֮ɫҲǱĽ֮ܵţ
ȹŮһ˵ܲܵţ˵һĶʦȻԸһ߻ҪϻƽƷѧڷ֣жô䲩ԶӶһ٣ɫ⣬˵οֻǷһֱۣҶҲѹȣȴĺͲô
ˣﲻмһЦȻһӣɫĻ糤ˮһ㻯ۼ䣬ߣ׹ӿ
˵ȺȴͻȻ
ûû
Сվˣ
Ҳ˵Χߣ䲩Զ״֮𾪵ǵҡҡλվӰȥĿ֮г˼ɫ
Ȼ𾪵Ļں桭
ڹɢҶǿվ֮Ϸһ˿ЦеذϵĵʺѪҺµѪ֮ĵһ壬ϵĵ֮ѪȻ
⡢⡭ôܣɫ˲òҰףΪϵĲǱˣǱ
ȿȡҶҵĿ˼ҲһѪڵѪӿʹޱȣƼضҶˣȻܵ˺Ҳġ䲩Զǧһ֮ʳĻҲܽһڡ
䲩Զǲ㵷ĹɫתΪŭݿӡ
䲩ԶҲлղȷʵȣʱ仹һЩԪճ˵ΪĶʦֻʹĲԪҲܹҶġ
˼Ƭ̺ͬľ
ԭҶһʼǱȥģóȻϮܾ֮ԲԼ֣Ҷʼձǰ̬Իֻͨǰߵѡ
֮ҶƾǿͶڿŤȥһЩֽʣڿһ㼱תֱȥ
ʵûзҶΪ壬ЮֲԪһаΌܡ
ԣģذ׻ĺʵ˵ҪĲҶеذףġذס
Ҷǰذףذף
ɱıܡ䲩ԶҲͨйؼԴЦ˵
ǺǣðĻƣñ£ŭЦ֮ǰΪɱҶֱһֻϻ򵥣ڵĽȴǲûɱҶ췴
Ũصɱ⣬䲩Զǰһаʤȡô
Ժ޺޵Ŀ˶һۣ䲩Զô˵ִҪˣ˵һ٣ƺں䲩Զֵʤ㡣
Ƭ̺ó˽ۣǿЦһ˵ǺǣУǱû㣬ҵӿɾˣ˵һ˦޺ȥ
߲͡Ҷǿдӻ㱵ȥıӰ⼸֡
ԺȻתɫ֮ɭ˭ĳлԻ˺Ҷ졣
Ұ֣󣬲շеǻᡮġʱˣʲôûã

ĿҶ޾ɫͬʱţƤ»ɱȻ˵Ҳ׬ˣ
뵽ҶǣŵҲ֮һת˹ȥ


13 

ڻ֮Ҷڻ˳ص˫ۣԶ֮ʱȫǻᴫĵʹͻ֮С

ؼҵ;лȥģϾȸֵһôܵġ
Ҷ۾˼ʱ龰ǵһȥ֮ԼԼǼ䲩Զ˵һʲôġ
ˣ
ƿϷۻɫᣣҶ´תĿĹ˼䣬ֻ֮еİǼΪ£ҵϸ壬ɢ̴ζ
֨ѽ
Ҷƿ˴ӣʱһĺУ侫ҲΪ֮һ
ƬҶӴǰƮٹʱӦþ͵ˡ
ԭҶһ¥֮Уվڴǰۿȥֻ⾰ɫΪд⣬ɽСءźˮԶһС֣̣＾ڸƽ఻Ȼ֮⡣
ʱ¥ǰС·ŮŲᣬ̸Ҳᣬڴ˿ҵĹӦҲǼΪġ
Ǻþɫԭ˼ҹӰ
Ҷ̾һ䣬˻Լªéݼֱǿ˰ٱࡣ
Ҷ磬
Ҷʱĵˬ֮Уȴһ
תͷȥһλŮĻݵԼҵĶС˪
ѣ⡭ңҶЩΣ֪ʵ
Ҽңڵҵġ뷿˪С֮Դߺ죬С˵
뷿뷿͹뷿£ʲôҶСĸ˫ú˶һЩ벻ĹأҲûоʲôס
Ǹ֮ǰûкҵķءҶĻش˪øӲ
ҶƬ̣ƺʲôϵĵ̫㣬һأҪؼˡ
У˻ûأҵ˵ԺҰɡ˪æסҪȥҶ졣
Ҷȴһæƴǵʲôмңҵûؼң˵տ粽⡣
ǸѾûˡ
¥תˣһǱѩŮ£һһʮҵӡ
˵£ƺԥƬ̺󣬿ڵǸСéѾճһƬˡ
ʲôôö˶˵ľ˻ˣҶһɻ
ӦҵЩ˸ɵİɡ˪С˵ҶΪ¶ŭǣơ
ž
ҶȭͷصĴǽϣ¶ߺ֮ɫȥﱨ
Ҷǰɣӻʵ
ԣҶͣӴֻ޳ƷòǷ桢Ⱥ֮ŵĸоǵճ䲩Զ
ôˣ
˪˵Ҳ˵ֻ֮ƾССͱ˵ʶ䲩ԶҲĿ˲˽ͷ䲩Զһ£ȴտڲ̸նɱһ£Ǽӽס°ɣݾһȻҲܰ׳԰׺ȣҲҪ£ҲҪĻһһӣ㿴ɺã
ʵ䲩Զ㶨ֱԾ˪ҶͲͬ⣬ԭ֪һʧȥ˫׵겻ûгΪؤں֮˽а壬ǿϢô֮ʳ
ʲô˼ҪҵĴ֣Ҷɻʵ
Сӣ֪Ҷ̲֮סЦ͵˭˵ǴֵģҵأھһߣͷпܺܿͿͻʿ綨Ȼʦͳʥ֮ۡ
˵¶ηͳݵɫ֮ϱ˾µһˣΪ񣡡
û֮µŽǺεȵĺ䲩Զ͸ԶԶȥĿ֮гƬָ̺糣ҶҿбԶ󱧸ǳ֮ŬºѡϿǷǳпһ˵İʱҲҲʲǡ
䲩ԶȻô˵ţʵֻǺ¶ѡС˲żüã̳ʮʹﵽ߶ʿʵʵеȥҪҶһΪͣΪ˱Ůһ֮ΪԼıŮƺСӡ
԰԰Ҷ磬Ӯ䶷֮ٽһֱŬ˵һŶ˪ҶЩҡΪϲһԴ͵
Ҷʱ˵ĿѣֻۣԼֻҪ̤ʵأһһӡվ֮ۿֻʱˡ
԰ԼкβɣΪηҪңʱȡ˳ɼЩϲ׸ƵҶСһֻȻĵ
ССҶ죬Ͳ˰ɣһӮѡԻý֤ģƾǿѡȥľƺڽ޵ģ˵¶ɲ˵
ʲô˵ʲôнҰҶ첻׷ʵ
Ŷ˵ˣǽңʵ顣һЦҪ˵˿ɱİ
жʲôĵģ˵ҶţȻĻ֮С
֤ǰҪһȷ׵Ƿе¼ȴûзֹ¼˵ΪҶΪģСĿҶһۡ
ҶĻشȴǵϡ
ֻһЦ¶ɫȻ˵ˣҵǴӢۣӢôܱСطأҵ¼϶ڶ䶼﹩أ
⻰ڼǰҶԼţڼʶ鱦ͨ¯֮Ѿ϶ĸһһͨ쳹صĴ
Ҷ״˶һۣɫ
˵ģ»ȸŪҪ𡣡±δѵŪĿЦá
Ҷһ˼Ƭ̺󣬵ڽ֮Ҳ˵һЩӦŪһݲС
ǺǣҶ磬ҵ׼ˣ˪Ҷڿϣʱ˸߲ҵĴ䲩Զӹһ͵Ҷǰ
ʲôҶ쿴ǰ״ѩĶʵ
ƣһ˵ݣȻӵеʸǱѾϰѧ׵Ŷ
ôӵУҶ첻ʵִԼݲ𣬱ϾʵοҲ֪˪ûж⡣
ΪѾˣӽѽݾҵԶء˪գգۣƤһЦ
ŶҶͷе㻺һգ֮ԼôͳҵԶݡ
ҲûϰѧҶ׷ʵ
㲻õģ˾ͿԺһϰѧˡ䲩ԶҲǴЩϲҶ죬˵ʱĿ֮⡣
𣿡ҶԵͷȥʵ
¼״ҵѵƭ㰡
ǡǣֻǡҶ컺̧ͷʱѾжЩʪˣҪ֪ѧһ˵ǼΪҪĴڣ׽˵ĵ˵Ϊ˱䲩ԶֹԼʹɱѾ˵ǱˣǸݣƣҪѧҪһеһҶĸȥЩһθܵ˱˺ǻĸо
Ҷ磬ޱӣö˰˪Ц
ҶԸϽ۾Ʊ˭˵ģ½˵ʱˮ絽۾ˣ鼱֮£Ȼһɡ
СӡЦһҪ֮֡
˺ˣ¡С˪ѹϢϢɣС˪ȥһסɡ䲩Զ˵ȡݸҶ죬ҷҵġ
Ҷֽӹֻһ˵ӱջ֮һֱĵ¯һȴͨһְɫĲȱi
ȵȣһǲ⣡ҡҶ캰סҪ뿪䲩Զ
ˣˮ֮ӿȪ౨öɣŮһȴұѵҪ䲩Զһ֮ˣ䲩ԶҶĻ
壬Ҳһǳƽ˰ɡ
ƽֻ໥𣬺ƽһ˵ѿƲ䲩Զ䲩Զ΢ŭĵ
⻰Ӻ˵ֻǲ׳ʳˡ
裬ǿˣ䲩Զһӣȥ
ҶС˴û˵ʱֻ޵ݣԼһδεľƨȥ˼ҵҲȷʵЩ֣ǲȥѣ壬±ˡ
Զʱϲ⣬ֻ䲩Զã˪СȥϢɡ˵䲩ԶˬһЦЯȥˡ


14 
֨֨
ŲӲѩϣ죬ʱһԵӰһҺ԰С·䡣
˵Ҷ졣
ѾһˣתѾ˼ѩ
þöûл
Ҷ򵥵Ļ˼壬ΪأһһֱǴ˵״̬ʵճ˵ɼҩ׿Ըô͵סڼ伸γԪѭȴʧܸգһҪСҲΪóȻŵصĸԵ˺ҲֻסӣƳȬ
һڣһµʱҲͰװ׵˷ѵˡ
ʱõҲ˹ӵҲû֪䲩Զʹʲôֶλأƺôˡ
ȣ
һʺȣҶֳȭȻ֮̽صĻǰһô֮ϡ
ŴľҡΣĻѩҲ䣬Ҷһ͸
õĲˣҿҪӱŬһʱķϵ
뵽ҶĿĿʼӦΧԪ
ˣ
ҶҲǽԪ״̬˿ƵʵţȻѼΧԼ߷ԲڵĻѩȴǿʼڻļ

ԼʱҶ³һȻƶȻ˫֮бһĹâ
Ԫֻ߽綨Ҷ˵ǼΪΣյģȴҲܹԼЧҶεȴûзϴΣյ֮ӦȻҲûϴͻͽεٶȡ
²֣ΪһԪʱ廹׵ĳԪǿȣڳɹľԪѭ֮ҶѾܹӦǿȣԳѾûôˣȻȻҲͲرԡ
ȻԣҶʱǸо߽綨ϰţԪѭֱǿ˲֪ٱ
ĶʿĶʦҶĬĬ˵綨ҶĿǰĿꡪ
Ҷ;Ѿܹʿ綨ǿȣٶȴǲϴһأ˵ܣѡ֮ǰﵽĶʿ綨ϣôܷһ⡣ˡ
ȻնɱҶȴ׵ĺܣǴεĸΪе䲩ԶԼܽҳɹټĻ¾ûôˣһĻᶼûеġ
뵽ҶӲȡŵ衣
ֻʣһˣⵤǻƽ׾Ʒھ¯Ĵ֮Ʒʸ»ڵǿá
һƣҶ޷ɽɼҩһֱĵѾһգֻʣˡ
ӦܹҴﵽ߶ߺڣɾѡֻʣĸ²Ҫͻʿ綨Ҵﵽܹɱʵ»һЩѶȰ
У쿪ʼҵýɽˣһҪѲҩķΧɽ˽⣬һЩ¾ͻƵûˡ˿¶ģν뻢ѨɵûӣҪƷ׵ҩͱҪԸΣա
Ҷ̧ͷԶƬƲŵȺɽ۹зһ˿ɫ
Ҷ磡
˵Ȼ˪
С˪ҶתͷȥԼ˪¶Ц⡣
һദʱνǷǳ֮࣬ǰϸѾȫʧˣȡ֮ĸ׽֮⡣
ôﰡƺ˿Ҷ첢Ӧó˪ɵΪɻ
ôˣҶ챻ʵһͷˮ
ѵ˽ǲ󿪷ŵô˪Ҷһۣ֮ǰҶǧ֪ͨˡ
ҶһĶͷڨЦһˡ
˪̧ͷ˿Ҫ˵ɫ㣬ҴȥٹʱҪرأ
˵գҲǰηӦֻҶŲȥ

󣬹˼壬Ҵѧĵطҵĵڶѽ䲩ʯܣ䲩ʯΪʦ綨ʵ򶼿˵ŵŵģԴ˵صҪ̶ҲǲԶ¿һεĻ⣬νǼΪĿ̡
ȻʹǽҪҲҪӵݵݵġ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿ǰΪӵĽڿ˵̺ѪеѧôƶǰĹؼ֮ڡ
󡣡ҶĬž޴Ҷϵ֣һׯ֮Ȼ
Ҷ磬ǽȥɡ˪˳פ㲻ǰҶ죬̨ȥ
ŶáҶ˿̵ҲЩΪڴ֮ǰѧ˵ֱǿڡ
˿ʯף˲ǰ
ʱһλһǰ˪΢΢С㡣
˪ǸҲЦݣжý
ضС㣬²ʱˣҪȥǿЩɡ
лл˪תͷҶ죬ҵأ
Ҷ԰һȻóһνơ
ǻӹ֮󷴸鿴˼飬Ȼ󽻻˵ԭλȥˣƷʸɡ
Ҷ콫ջز֮Уţû뵽ôҪǰһûӡ
˪ƺҶ룬ȻһЦҶ磬Ҫúñ棬ܶطõĵأɲҪŪŶ
Ҷ԰˪һۣƱΪ㰡
˪ЦҶ磬ҷܽƱ簡˺ãҿɲ죬ǿȥɡ˵գ˽˲
֮Ҷ컷ܣ̴ֻľܳԲΧһʨſ֮϶ѵ룬Щѧ鼮Ĵʨǵһ򡭡
ʲôҶָָʨе򣬺ʵ
˪ҶָĵطȥŶһ˵ŶǸѧԱӡ
ԱӡֺӰʲôƷףҶ׷ʵ
ǵؽһƷɡ˪ϲҲ̫
Ҷһ˫۷ɫǰȥԱӡʨȡ
ס֣ʱһ
Ҷתͷȥֻ䴦߳һˣοࡢף̬Ϊ䡣
´Ҷһ֮ƺЩӵĵȻǶܰˣԱӡǵؽһƷѧ߽綨ûдﵽҲûʲôͬǺøԶ֮
󲮣״֮˪ǰһϲؽе
˪֮״ȴɫ϶ʱЦݣС˪ˡ
ǴҲȥ˪˪С죬װ
ˣⲻûʱôҰôҪĵطĸҵ
ԭ䲩ԶĴ䲩ʯһӣ䲩ԶʵΪǿԸҲףϼȥ֮֮λ˶䲩Զڴ䲩ʯ䲩磬ǶʵȻҲǿһԸ³çһѶϣԶѿεġ
󲮣ҶɲǺøԶأķǳ˪Ҷ쿪
á֪״󺺵ݺҶҲòĴһк
С˪㲻֪ԱӡȻ޴󣬵ǼɣϲҲǿ˵ƪѡ䲩ʯƺΪϲ˪ں˵ʱģò˵ԵЩˡ
󲮣Ҷ˪ס䲩ʯĸ첲ҡ
䲩ʯΣֻÿҶ죬СӣԱӡΪƪѧȴ͵ĳƪѧɡ˵մӻȡһ鼮ݸҶ졣
ӡƣ
ûǰԱӡĵһƪɲҪΪǳƪСõʱܹͻƽƷѧ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿ߴ䲩ʯһл
ѡֻʣµʱ䣬˶ѡһЩ׶ѧϰΪľܹѡʱܹ㵹ãƫƫѡʹõİԱӡɺ˵ˣѡ֮ʱ˼Ҷѧʹ÷ˮ𣬵˵ףƨŲʱɱû㡣䲩ʯҶһۣ˶䲩ԶԺһ䡣
ŶллѣһѧġҶĿᶨ˵
СӱԴһ룡һʱŰӡò̶̼ڳ˵Ρ䲩ʯ˵ɨһɫ˺ˣʱѵùˣ߰ҺС˪м仰Ҫ˵
ҶԵ˵ͷ˵뿪ˣ˪׷ȥȴ䲩ʯһ˻ĵС˪˵㿴Сˣ
䲩ʯĻ˪˪ѩ˲ƬΣٿ󲮵ͷߴĵûءͻ˵
ܣɲƭңһϲСˡ䲩ʯЦ˵
У󲮱ȡЦˡ˪˵ţȴһ˿Ц⡣
ûУ䲩ʯչͷװɻʵ
ûУͱˣ˪С
ˣô˵ǰӡƿҲ⴫ѧȻûСӣҿɵȥѶ׷ˣ䲩ʯ˵ձת׷ȥ
󲮣ȥҡ˪״æס䲩ʯһɬģ
С޻ô㲻ûҸ䲩ʯ˵ЦЦˬԶԶص˿ȥ


15 ӡ
ӡƣ
Ҷڻȥ·ϣȴŰӡƣһһ߿š
䲩ʯѾʦ綨ˣӡþȻһʱ䣬ֵҪðҶ΢΢üͷ
µƿνüޣҶ֪ѡĹпһģǾǲμӹһѡ򲻿Լμһֻܵȵ֮ٴβμӣһ֮ٮٮ߾Ϊף¡ȵȣһֻûвμӣҲ׼ʹμҲȡõƺڽ޵Ըμһѡ
ѡϾҪʼˣһСϰʱҪ֮ãζʲôζٶ˵ĻǾʿ綨ͳʿ綨֮ơ
ʿڣֻǿԪʿԪνǷǳ֮
εѡļʵ̫ˣһĶҲζƺڽޣҲ˵ȥԶľƺ֮Ҷ컹ҪôѰҵˣʱ˼ҵҲƺڵӣƺ֮պⷽԲڿν׹Ҷĸ׵ĳⱲҲ뱨ˡ
ֻĸˣҪĸڴﵽܹɱĳ̶ȣȷʵЩѶȰҶͷеİӡһۣ䲩ʯ˵ܹӡǿƽƷѧģҪͱһݱϣӡơ
ӡƣһЦҶĳ˼
£Ҷѭȥֻһ׳˶ʱ·ϣҲǸʮһ꣬Ƶǲ
Ǻǣ㻹ǵأҰǰεϸߡ
ʲôôʽԼҲʹ죬ҶҲʵ
õѧӡưɣ֪ʵ
ȻԷ˶ڣҶȴ˿壬ĻҸȥʳҶ
¼ΪĿҶһۣȻͷЦǿûУõǰӡƣǿҵѧƪأ
˵İͷת˹ƵİҶ춢סƾҲϰӡƣûվӿԼ䲻ô
ƵԣҶ첢ûзΪ±Ͼ˪ı磬䶯Ҫ˪мΪѣֻǰµƵƨһ㣬ᣬֱӲһۡ
վסְסҶļ򣬵˵ô
˵ʦڣΪľǸҶһû뵽ԼͱˣߵıúĻ˵ӶòһĻ˵ǽмһˡʲôɫݵС֮ʵǿοҵĵλҲ䲩Զ䲩ʯ䲩ѡСֻ֮ͬбֺķݣʱӹ
ñңҶ˵仰ʱжʱŷһ˺⡣
±ǰ˱ĿɨУ֪Ϊĵ׶⣬ʶ˺һϵҲǳ˻ȻԼǰ˶߽綨ǲ֪ôģĿЩë֮С
㡢֡ǿ֧֧˵
ҶٴĴڣǰȥ
ʱ·ϵһ꼱æȥˣҶɱˣЩֻССŹ˵˵ҶһǲԵ䣬ɱ˵Ŀ⡭
Ҷ컺ĴдܸܵΧڹס
ӰԽԽģʱҶѾ߳ʮԶڻعܴһ꿴һֻۣǶĴˣΪһЩ棬ֻһҧӲͷƤѾԶ˵Ҷ캰ҵţ¾ô˵ģ
ʱ㣡ʵԶԶĴ˻Ҷͷмһء

̣صסʱѾ˴롣
֨ѽ
ƿԺţҶ˽ȥסΪӣõľ׮ֻһѣʱ΢絴Ҷ졣
˵ĻΪǵ䲩ԶΪҶڼ䲻ŶⰲŵġȻҶҲסڴ˴ɲԸЩ֮סһÿﹴĶǷˡ
ȼһҡҷҶӰӳСݡ
ӡƣ鱦֮ͨӦŶļء
뵽Ҷ췭鱦ͨѧƪв
Աӡֳ֮С
ԱӡؽһƷѧƪ
ƪӡƣƷϰڻƽһƷƷ֮䡣
ƪԪܣѧԪֿ߳γɰԶܻ壬ƽƷ
ƪƣ԰ӡΪ׼Ԫ֮߳¿ɲâƽ׾Ʒ
ƪԱӡ԰Ϊ֮ʱԪûԣף޴â֮һлҷƷϰӵеؽһƷ

¿ȥԱӡŵȱӳҶʱţҶҲԽԽڣһʱҶİɫΪ˷ܡΪ鱦ͨأԱӡŵƷ׵Ĳ̶ԣѧΪ̶ƷףԱӡȻܹΪʵҾ߶ͽ׶εʱ򣬴ѧܷӳҲҪǿͬѧʣܹ䳹յһΪר޵ѧڡ
ȱ㡭
ϡնƪҪԳƪӡΪӡʽ󻯣ҪҪڵ˵֮°ӡӡоӡ֮ʱӡƣӡͬƷ󻯣һҪڵӡͱҪⲫҪӡ˵̶Ҫ󼫸ߣҵʦ綨Ժ󼸺ԪնԻȻаԪΪҪȻǳѡ
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Ҷ͵غ鱦ͨм֮˿һ;֮ǰԴӲΪţһȻܹЧʹĸǿͬʱҲͶȺȣֲһ̰塭
˵Աӡȱ˵ǳŵ㣿
뵽˴ҶæԱӡűҹھһʱѧϰѾµ˽䲩ʯ˵ļɬ֮
ԭԱӡ֮ǰҪڼ̵ʱתʮӡҲ˵ӡĪ⣬ǿ̶ָһΪ֮̾ϢˡÿһӡҲҪ仯ӡµӡ֮ʱҪŴΣٶ˻󽵵ӡĳɹʡ
ӡıöҶ˵ֱֵѾСɵ˵ָ仯Σɡ
ڵĹؼЩӡ仯ٶˡ
һˣҶǷ´Ժõľ׮֮ǰ
ʱԲգ࣬ɫ֮Ҷ쿪ʼϤӡϰ
շ䣬ȫ֪

ڵ֪ʱѾȼԶ֪ĵطҲѾ˼֮ԼⷺĻ䣬˿賿ʱˡ
žžžž
ָĲϱ仯Ӷһӡľ׮Ϸ
ҶһվĿ֮˷ɫͬʱбһƣ
Ƕݵĳţһ졣ľ׮ըѿľмɣڰӡǿ»Ϊ촷ۡ


16 ޱ
һҹϰûҶеƣ෴ڿ˵쳣˷ܡ
ΪһҹϰڳɹƾӡȻڶľ׮ӡʵսĲ𣬵ǹƶԸɽ΢һЩĵ͵ӦҲû̫ˡ
ԣҶֻ΢ϰһʱ󣬱ɽ
ɽϤε˽֮Ϊ·ټ΢һЩ޳ûԿ˵˼
ҲΪˣǳΪҶá

Ҷ켫Ϊ˵ĻһһԾȥʱǳһɫ˸žӨĹʵ
ƽƷҩפϺõҩС˪ȥĵ˵ͷ벼֮С
һ·֮Ҷ첻ϵɽʼʱѩ֮϶һЩҰµĽӡڣѾ𽥵ĿʼһЩι״ĽӡˣһЩµġ
ݡݡҶԹԵֹͣԴϴνҵһûƽ׾Ʒĵ֮ÿνɽܹٴƷ
ÿζûܹԸ
ЩءҶĿտҲĶӣ̫˷ܣڳŵʱûгԣ㼱ææĽɽҩˡ

ԵĹľͻȻҶתͷȥֻһֻҰС
Ǻǣ֪Сүүˣ͹Ƕ¡ɵЦһ£ҶҰ÷ҵ׷
ɽѩѾãѩӲĺܣҰñϵûʲôֵҶͱһһݣ׷ϰȴûгɹĽ䲶
ֵܣɡҶĴŴǾȻʱʱͷҰ޿κ
ˣҿɲ׷ˡҡҡͷҶ˪
ԭϴ˪ɽҲΪһֻСӣСŮΪϲЩë׵СԱһ·׷ϣǵû׷ȴѪ߸ҧˣǡǰɼҩҶ죬Ҳͳɽ޵ĸ֮ʳˡ
רĲɼҩɣһҲ鷳
ʵôɣҶе뷨ոյһ֮
໣
һ뱪ʮƵ˶Ӱּ˳
ĿȥֻⱪͨƱ鲼֮ȴë˵ʽӣȴһͷţǰС˿̣Ѫ˫Ŀ̰֮ĿĶҶ죬ѪҲʱʱķͺ
ҶĵһӦǺ£ƵĶͷаʲôʲô⵽ǵù
𣡡
Ǿ޴ٴηһͺͬʱҲʼҶƽ
ޱɡҶ첢ûǾĿŹ۲ǰͷޡ
ޱƽƷޣٶȼһͷޱʿ
ͷ׺ҶתͷޱѾֵ꣬۷ʱΣǿӲƴǾԲкùӳԵģٶȶԼ˵ǾѹԵġ
Ͼֻһֻƽ޶ѡ鱦֮ͨмأǿģ㹻֮ǵڻڵڵ𲽴죬ҲǣܹûΣд߱ǺͺࡣǰֻޱӦûﲻǵĽ׶ΣڵҲδӵС
뵽ҶдзģΪޱϾֻһֻëȻٶѹҶ죬Ǳ̣ǿǺ
ಣ
һӯӯĹʵޱȥҶողɼ
𣡡
ޱһͺȥһҧס֮ȻڵĥƬ̣ƺڹ۲ܷʳá
ʱޱ֮ʣҶӰӶϮ
ȻޱδӵǣΪޣΣյǾԷǳ֮ߵġ
ֻޱȻһӵŷ絶צѾ嵽ǰҶץȥ

Ҷһ˿ЦɵĶ⾹ȻܴƷ֮צӻ
ԼĹССޱƺΪŭǽӶĺ˼ȻŤͷ­ſѪѾ۽Ҷҧȥ
һȳζҶҲǲҴ⣬ޱڵļݣҧôһҧ֮¿ԼԴᱻҧ
ȣ
һȣҶޱͷ­Ȼڿնޱı֮ϡ
ʵҶһƵı˺ģޱͷ֮ʱòı⣬˿Ҷ𺧲ѣΪոյһ̺ʮʮʯڻ£ĵޱͷ­֮ʱȻһּӲĸо䷴֮Ҷֱ۶顣
ҪѰ֡뵽Ҷץסޱ֮ϵɫë
һɽ֮ޱӦ˵ĴڣʱܵڲҰĪ裬˿ŭ֮һ߲ϵһ߷Ծܣͼ˦ѱϵҶ졣
Ҫ˵ޱȫûǾС˿רһЩܲӴУҶֻܸıͷҲ̧ҶʱѾԹεãҲǲΪġ
ôȥҲǰ취ڴһƬ֮ҶҲǴһڴֱۡǵʺѪ۱鲼˲ͷ
ЩС˶ʲô˿Ҷɫ쳣Ϊޱٶʵ̫죬һʱѾҶ챼࣬ôȥǻᱻɽģǸʱɾͲðˡ
뵽Ҷɿ˫֣ڿһת֮ȵ˵ϣȻ˫Ѹٱӡޱ˹֮ǰ뿪ӡơ
𣡡
ޱŭһڼٵı͵Ť壬ǿ£Ȼ󻬶ɲͣסͣס֮ޱȴû˿ͣЪһָٶҶ
ޱӰҶ֮ͫмٷŴ󣬿ӡȴڱõС
𣡡
ޱѾҶͷĵط
ɣ
ǧһ֮ʣҶڳɹĿ˰ӡͬʱ㣬͵һ˱תͬʱֱֱָ̽ޱظ䲻ݷʱ̶һһ֮һӡ
ƣ
ޱ׼ϮʱҶһʺȣظ֮͵ıһѪѪ˲Ⱦ˸ƤëµĴƬѩ
Ҷע֮£ֻޱ˶ͨһڵأͬʱĴŴѾûʲôͷˡ


17 ϲ뱯

ڽⷬڣҶҲһڰ
˿ѩصɽһƬžֻһһ޵Ĵغ
˵ΪʲôҪأȻǲǾͲᡭ
Ҷ쿴żȥޱһ˿֮⣬ɻδ˵꣬ͻֻޱƺһ˿˻һ֮󣬱˹
ͻıʣҶȻһ˲һ亹֮ǰķɴ⣬ǿվӵʱޱȻ˵ǰѪ֮ɭɭҶҧ
˿Ǳ޿ɱܣҶֻ˫ĳסޱͷ­ޱƵһ֮£޴ƶҶ첻ϵȥڱһʹ֮󣬵һô֮ϡ
޴ĳǿôҶֱ۴˿Ҳ˲ޱľ޿ھҶĲǽһ֮䡣

Ҷҧط֧ţޱȴҲڻǰƽ
ôȥԲǰ취죬ƴˣ
ҶӲҲǳŲ˶õģֻһˡ
ֻһȻڵֵޱ˫֮гһֻʮӡԺмٵĸ˵ӡ֮ʱԲзֺĲ
ָĶÿޱͷ­һµͬʱӡҲǽſٵı仯˼Σ죬ֱľŴα仯֮󣬵ھӡҲصĵޱӲְͷ­֮ϡ
ԭֵֻҵֵסֻʣһֻ޷ޱˣֵͬҶĲһ˿Ѫ˳ɭ˳һ̣ҧҶĲӡ
ƣ
һ̣Ҷ˾ӡͬʱþȫһȻ۾ӡӡƵǲԻɱޱĻǾˡ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶȴоʮֵϵʹԽԽҡ
أ
ڣҶѾΪ֮ʱһ촫ĵС
ֻޱ˶Ѿڵأѵͷ­ѪҺԽһŨصѪϢҲɢ
һĻ֮Ҷɳ⻹ܻɱޱôҲǲٷˡ
׷ɵһ»˵ϡ

Ҷ쿴Լ˫֣۹ӿֳΪŨص֮ɫ
ľ׮Ȼޱ˵һУʵĶԱȣܹڵӡôĶߵʵ֮ڿûܹ˲ͬޣǻۣǿԶ㡢ͬϰѧҪڵ˵ӡһ򵥵¡
ǹˣҵٶȻ̫ࡣҶϵѩվ
ڵ߶ҪȡʤӦ׾ٵģ԰˶߶ŷǳʤ㣬ҪĶʿҪﵽߵٶȻĻӡӦþͲ̫ˡ
Ҷ̧ͷ͸ּľķ϶գʱգºأƬ֮ͶϡϡĹӰ
Ҳ뿪ˣһᱣʲôѪζѰء
Ҷ쿴һȫʬޱʬ壬׼뿪
ȵȣѵǡ
ڿһ֮Ҷ˲ӿޱȵ˷ܺڴ
ʬĿеҲԽԽֻޱظ˿ѪѾɣ̮߹Ҳ¶ţǾһƬѪȾУһ׵ĹȴǸʤѩӳ
ڵ
ȷ֮Ҷɿ˵ޱʬ֮ǰȻСظ֮ȡһҫ۵Բ顣
û뵽ޱȻѾﵽزˣ
Ҷ鱦ͨ˽⵽ڵܹΪϰһִڣȻֻƽƷޱڵСǸոճͲͣҩܿȵؽһƷҩ
ѹޱظܵش֮Ӧ˼ңڿӦǲڵ֮֡
Ҷޱʬ忴ȥȻңȴ˴񣬿ڵķҲʬҰ
ô˵ţҶѾʬһ£ϾѾӵ鵤ޣٹʮصľ޳Ҳδ֪ԼУﻹЩⲻȥġ
ĴҶѰһݵڣޱʬѩʵȻתȥ
ںޱĲɱ֮ľ࣬Ҷټ˴Ѿһڵ֣ջ˵ҲƵΪˣڼ򵥵ϢƬ֮뿪ɽ

̫Ѿбб䵽ɽ֮УߵƶȾӳɺͮͮһƬ
Ϊޱȥ̫ԶҶڴɽ֮߳ʱѾǰʱ֣˿ڼеĽֵϣӰӱϦϳ
ⲻǸҶôôˣ
˭֪Ǳôڵӡ
òǱҸ˰ɡ
ֵС̷СҶ죬۹֮ɫ졣
ΪأôõģΪҼҪҷأ
ô˵Ļ϶ǱˣôΪҽ´ء
ǰҪ䲩ԶҲȥ
ЩҶһŵӣȴЩܡû˵Լһ˶ѣƾʲôΪԼҽ³ԹƾʲôҪҵı
ţҶǴ⣬ص֮ǡ
ڽϵÿһ䶼ܴҶţŲҲǲļӿ࣬첽УȻսһССﲻûñߵ˾ͷʱһռؼ԰ֳҶǰ԰֡
԰ŵǰ޴ʯʨڴ࣬״䡢
Ҷӡ
ŵļҶ֮ΪŤ³⼸֣䲩ԶԸĳƺȻǲ̫ϰߣΪǰһֱɶҰֵġ
Ҷ֮Ҳǿļһ˿ЦݣȻ˵ͷ˽ȥ
֨ѽ
ӦرգǸŲҶȴٴ
㿴Ǹ֪һˡ
ǰⲻǳȥǻˣһһҿðڿ塣
Ըɣòı£ҿɲȥЩ֮۵Ļˡ
ҶŲĲϼӿ죬ЩҲԽԽ΢ţ˿ҶѾˣû뵽ԼĵȻô治ʹ죬ԭô˰Լ뿪
ȣҶԼסȥΪһЩȥȡȡ֮Ϳȥ䲩Զˡ
Ҷ죡㵽͵ȥˣ·Ūģ
һ֮ϵҶ˿ȴµĿȥŶĸ¥ǰ̽ŲӳԼ󺰴š
Ҹ㣬ҪǸҸҶҷŪ㲻ɣ
µҶ첢˿ȴվһˣҶĿ⼸Ƕϡ
˿ȥҲʮ߰ͣòݷǷһ˫ӲҲҶ첻ס
Ҷ𣿡ҶߵߣҲǿʵΪơ
ǡҶĻش൱򵥣ȴҲ޸֮߰С
ҽ국һЦ˵
֮ҶҲ̲סתͷһۣǰʮʹﵽ߶ʿ綨̳ôȻſһ˲š
Ȼ΢о֮У漴ȴָֻ糣һĿĲԶ뵽Ҷ˵ʲôô
һЩƣ΢Ц⡣
Ҷ첻ȥʵ
˽ϲȫҪһ٣ҶĿ֮ȴǶ˼Ȱο֮ɫ˵ԣرģԼӡ
Ҷһ˻֮ҪԼ˵ı֮ԣֻҪԼ̹һƾԼ¼ɡΪ³ģû뵽ȴԼˣ뵽ҶҲǻĵлˡ˵գȥһһĿ¶׹¡
ҶӰԶ´յǰɻ󲻽ʵ磬ôˣ㲻˵ҽѵ𡭡
Һʱ˵ѵҲЩ
⡭㲻˵ҪҴ㿴Ҷô׷ʵԭڱҶŵ֮ҪæѵҶ죬ҵֻ֮˵һȥѣµʱͦˣΪҵ˿ɽڿˡ
ҶǷ֮Ҳò˶þͻΪҵ֮һҶȥķԶԶȥĿ֮¶֮⡣
ܣҴֻ󼪴ˡ֮ԱǣһƲģ
৵תͷİ¶סΪĵסҪһȿǲݼʵպȻѳɴ
˵תߣȻҲǿһۡ
ӰʧŶЦҲǽȡ֮һɫаģҶ죬ǸӼסˣò˶Ҷҵģʱҿǻô񣡡


18 
򵥵С֮У˿ӰԶ
һԵȴӢһ绨ɰǷ˵Ҷ˪ˡ
Ҷ磬۲ۡ˪һеĿҶ
ۣС˪ҡи˵ҶЩԥ֪ôڡ
ôʱദʱǳ֣ڱ˴˵ж΢ı仯ʱ֮ʱҲĻϲ
Ҷһ춼ûг֣˪Сڵһ죬ҶƿŵһĿ˪ϲãָоرãõҶ첻˵Ҫȥͷ
ʲô°˪һ˫ˮĴ۾ģΪˡ
롭Ҷ¡
ѽҺöһأȥԷɡ˪ҶĻŶӣһίģ
˵ȥԷôҶҧҧǾ˵
Ҷ磬ôŪİӶˣǲִ˰˪ٴβ˻⣬ҩĲҶ˿ڡ
ʵ֪ҶҪԼ˵ʲô˲ٻҶ죬ټҶڵɫͶԸ˽⣬ôܲ²ҶҪ뿪
뿪֮ô죬һŹ
С˪ҶסΪԼ˿ڵ֣Ƥϸ壬еһ̣Ҷͷƺе
С˪ұߣлл㣬ģҲġҶվתʼʰң˿̵Ѿ˪ΪѾȦ֮еˮȻ䡣
˶ݵĳĬֻʣҶʰʱϸС
˿̶˵Ժ֮иͬĻ棬ʱһĻһĻӿͷǶôĿ֡á
УҲߣ˪ʣһҶҡ
С˪ңıߡҶͷۿҲԽĺˡ
ΪʲôѵΪЩҺ͵ںģ˪ЩҲ˻
ںҶͻȻ˳ˮҲڻҲΪԼһ˽ͻң
ģûǸʵġ˪侲
أһҪɱѵҲӦôС˪ǾȹһҲҴ¾˳ѾǷˣûɰϽҺͱ˵ĳԹУҲٲˡ仰˵ĿνǷǳˣΪ˲ټ˪ҶҲֻܺ
Ҷ磬֪ô˵Ŀʲôǲߵģ˪߬Ҷָ˼֡
ǰһôϧԼˣԼô
С˪Ҷһѽ˪ӵ뻳Уǧ˲ӿͷʱ˿ֻһͷǻԺǾǴ㣬
ůڻУһɵŮ࣬ҶͷЩˣҵҪӡ˫ҵҪᱧһ֮ϧ
Ŀԣ֮жЩȣ˪촽΢ҶĴҲǻĿȥ

紵˴ӣһϯСݡ
Ҷ챻⺮һʱ˹һƿ˪ɫΪΰͷ˹ȥһҧұߣ˵һѴ˪ңŶȥ
˪վԭأ˫֮ȪӿӨ˳ջ䵽ǣЩ̵ζǱеĿɬȴǲֵһᡣ
ҶͷҲؾֱԺȥҪţȴ䲩Զ
ģĹ֮ҪߣҾ㡣
֨ѽ
ԺűҶƿֻ䲩ԶֶĿߵϼ
壬ѾˡҶԥһ֮ǿǵż
ȵȣ˾ǰС˪Ƶ˻
Ųһ٣Ǽǰȥ
иأÿεѡ֮гɼõݿȢͳеһŮΪޡ䲩Զ׷˵仰
ৣ
Ҷ͵תͷһֲĸо𣬿ʵ壬˵ʲô
ʸμѡеʵǿС˪ѾãҪʲôӦ֪˰ɡ
ҶȻһȻд¡
ǺΪҶѾᣬС˪޸Ҹԣ
壬˼Ҫҡ
û䲩ԶҶĻ˵ΪҪݵ˰ɣҪݻ£ӭȢС˪ʸ񡣡
ʱ˪Ҳ˳Ÿ½һȴҲڴҶ졣
ǸҶȻӦ䲩Զ˵ôֱӣЩɬ
ôԸ⣿䲩ԶԴЦĿҶ졣
Ը⡣Ҷϳһ⡱ֵС΢š
С޺߸ʲôԸƫƫӡ䲩ԶˬʴЦߵҶǰɫһȻǾŶߵʵǳԽ˵Ӧò£˵ȴһ¡
䲩ԶϽ֮ɫҶҲЦݣɫʲô£
¹ϵҵνֽҪ䲩Զ˵ʱĿƮԶһ¥֮Уɫ
ҶĿȥֻһĲ¥ڰ֮⣬ԼɼӰζһͳµڡ
壬ʲôôҶָָǸ
ҵĻͳ죬ͣʵӦڶʦҡ䲩Զ˵ĿȴͻȻתһ
Ҷٴοȥ䲩ԶȴڵͥԺˡ
֮УµĸΪʵڲ֮䡣
˵ʵǿʲô𣿡Ҷɻʵ
һ֮ǰҵõһȷеϢıͳ׼ܿҡ˵⻰֮ʱ䲩Զƺ˵һ޹ص顣
ʲôҶȴǾһͲǰ»վһұƽˮû뵽˽¾Ȼǰӿ
壬ʲôأ
ڿ֮˿˵֮٣ݽԲΣͳȴ˹ҼһסǱİ֡䲩ԶҶ죬йâӿ
˵ңҶ쾪ȵָָԼģҲ߽綨
ⲻҪʱҶ֣Ͼձ֮ǿ»ûֻҪܹ֮ﵽʦ綨ϣôŤתƵĻͻࡣ
ꣿҪ֮ﵽʵ
û䲩Զ΢ЦҶļ򣬵Ҳʦ綨˵һҲδܹﵽţ˵һܹ쵽
壬ҴﵽǸزһ֮ѵҶʵ
ܣֻдﵽʵȫĴС˪뿪˵仰ʱ䲩Զ촽ûжȴǸĴҶĶС
ЩʱС˪䲩Զḧ˸Ů㷢ȻҶ˵ͳ˶ֻС˪ûУôһ죬С˪ȻΪвҵĳ룬ԱξͽˡֻȫҲûк֮ǡ
Ҷӭ䲩ԶĿ⣬һּΪҼᶨ䲩Զ³ŵģôһ죬ƴҲһҪС˪ȫ
䲩ԶҶĿ⣬ĵ˵ͷ漴֮ǰҶʵĻ˵סҴ֪ܶһҪ©˷ǰ鷳
صĵ˵ͷ


19 
ҫ֮УҶ䲩Զ̸ҶҲǽ⿪Ľᣬڶ˵ѾһָǱҪˡ

ˮϣʱҶ쾫ࡣ
ӣҵһβμӿɱˡ
ÿһ¸֮жһ䣬νգҵǰǶڶݺСǽѧӣһＸ˶㳡СǾǰĽָӶͻƶϰѧƿһЩҪҲӵܽй۲죬鿴ǵʺ츳
ҶҴʰһȻŶȥ
㳡԰ֵλãҶסЩ룬һ·֮Ҳǽϣȥʧ
ҶŲɿ죬һ·֮Ͼͤȹţתת֮㳡λá
㳡ռؿνСʯ̵أаɿ㡣ĴһԼһɵı̨ŵֻ̨̨ƽضҲʮɷԲҾҵķξʯƴ̨͡УһֱһƮб־һһɷġ䡱֣һưš֡
㳡ǴҶ̾һ䡣
ȻѾסһ࣬Ǵ˴ȴǲΪǰʱ˵ԭһεҲûܲμӡ
˿Ҷվ̨Ե̨״תͷĹ˼䣬ֻһЩƮ֮С
ˡҶεҡҡͷû뵽Լ𼱻ǵĸȴһӰҲûС
һʯ£ҶԺ֮нӡƵĸӡ乮ĶָֻΪĿٱţӡʮ֮࣬ӡָΪŹ֣Ǵ˿̵ҶȴеıáȥӡѾˡ
ʵճ˵ȻҶӵô̵ʱھͰѰӡƵӡյ˳̶ȻЩϳȷʵǰ쵽ˡȻҪ׷ԭĻҶ컹ҪлͷޱģΪͷļȻҪƽϰ¶Ҫĸ
ȻԼܹڶʱڿӡѾƵˣǾվȴǲԶءҶ˽⣬˵ĸֽӡֻҪת˲ӿӡֵνӾԿգ֮ɡ
˭ô硣
֪Щ󣬿̫
ҲǰҶ˼˻ѭȥֻԶӰԼڷʯ׶
ӰĲϿǼ˵Ҳ𽥵һˣŮ
㰡Ҷ졣ߵǰ֮ʱ˫Ҳڳ׵Ŀ˶Էò
½㡣Ҷһԭ˵֮䲩ԶĴŮ¡
þòˣҶ֡ԵҲǿڵ
Ҷ쿴һֻۣЩ죬Ƭ֮͵һĶͷŶƽ֣㿴ԡ
ƽҶйһ֮ԵʱҶӡȻȴҲ㲻һغ֮С
Ҹһ¡˪һѽҶ˵ǰģһݵݣСӽС׳ǻͳ͵Ķӣ¿һӵ֮еĵһء
Ҷ΢΢һȻȥһģʵȡ½С׳Ŀƺ˽ҵİЩ䲩Զûкκ
½㣬Ҷжء
˵ΪĵŮ˵ʱ΢ϸƣȴòƲϷǷҲݣڿҶĿ֮ҲŲת
áҶ΢ЦתǸС׳İ꣬ãҽҶ졣
С׳ƺ΢΢ЩԥֺҶһ£ȴû˵
¼״üͷ΢壬ָ糣ȥɡ˵ʯ̨֮ȥ
ҶڵĸҲǸȥ
˿Ѿɢ̨࣬İ˸̨֮Ҳʼϵûñľۼ˰֮ࡣ
ȺĻۣΧҲʼ
Ⱥְվһ𣬻֮Ӱ˵š
Ա̨࣬ѾӿӦǶˡ
Լֹһʱ䣬еҲǿʼֳȦӡĵ̨һԼ̸ӦöһЩݡαҶڵӦͳСǣ£ҲС̨ٵǻյˣǶһЩŮΪʵԭҲӵʸ
½ȹȥˡС׳´һк̨Ⱥȥˡ
ҶһֱС׳ֻڽ뵽Ⱥ֮̾ܵ˻ӭ˶һЦǰ̸ĵλڻŮ֮ȻǼ߷ġ
Ҿһ
һĿȥֻ̨е̨֮ϻ߳һӰͱ뺷棬䲩ʯ
ģӰ̨ǴʮҵˣӦöĵʦˡ
Щ̨ĴȻһſ䲩ʯһԼϰʲôѧȥҶӦĵʦȥɡ
䣬Ⱥ㿪ʼʶںҶ콻һ֮һݺڵĵʦȥ
ܿȺֳ˾Ŷվվ˾λʦǰ
˿ÿλʦĶ鶼Ӧʮ˵Ĺģֻ䲩ʯǰ˶ϡ٣ָԭΪ䲩ʯóǰӡƣѧʹ÷ΪӣȻ֪Ĵ󣬵ҲûԸ
ɵСӣ㿴ɶأ䲩ʯһָŲ֪ȥҶ
ҶһЦ󲮣ҡȥﰡ
Ѿվ˷ȻЦγڴ˵صġǵЦֻΪԼġݣȡЦˡ
ɵһ׳˶Ҷ캰ţһЦģ
ĳ˱ɡ
ҶͲмΪڶҳǰҲ֣ܶ˲Ƕѣûʲô˼ĸµʱҲ죬ʱѡϺݺݵĽѵҲ١
뵽Ҷ첦ȺԼֵ䲩ʯȥ
СӣԺ䣬ͺһˡȥվðɡ䲩ʯҶļʾվȥ
䲩ʯĶʵƲ϶飬ΪҶҲ˶ѡ
ҶǰҪԵĴкȴе˾ȻԼһС׳
Ҷһ漴΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
Ҳ΢Цͷ⡣С׳Ǳͷȥװûп
С׳ӶӲûҶеŭ෴ģҪѰӡõľģΪϰͬһѧʱѧ±ˣûҪΪӾô
˿ĶѾʼ˽⣬䲩ʯǴ̨Ǳߡ
Ϊ˲ϲ֣徲á䲩ʯڨЦ
Ҷһۣ΢Ц⡣Ϊףǲϲ֣Ǽ̫٣ѹ˼ҡ


20 ӡ
䲩ʯҶһۣЦСӣЦ
æס΢Цһ˵ûʲôûʲô
ٸЦС˺ǵ죡䲩ʯװһ׺ģŻ
󲮣ǻǰôС׳ʵȻɲϲ˷ʱЦ֡
Ȼ㻹ʲôѵԪܰԪһʹ¶ǰԣȥƵãǿɲ䲩ʯԸͬСһ㣬ϲȡ֡
Σ˰һۡ
û˽䲩ʯĲڣҲЦ˻ԾȤǺٺٸЦ֮󣬱ߵһʯĴͣ
Ҷ쿴Ҫǿʯ巢ĸо΢΢ǰϣܹһЩ
䲩ʯҶĿ֮Уڼ֮ȴͻȻҶһЦСӹˣûӦ
С׳͵͵˷ۣҶһɻĿǰȥ˳䲩ʯָָŵĵطȥ
䲩ʯָʯĴһͼҶϸĿ˼飬ʵûʲôϡŹֵĵطֻ۰Ͱ͵䲩ʯϣܹеõ𰸡
䲩ʯ״ʱ¶ɫһЦƺˣ
˵գԪ˲ӿģȻ󻺻ͼȥ
ҶĿϸڴǰߵĴͨ
󲮣ɿɣǹŪˡ޿̣ߴһ䡣
䲩ʯȴһŨ̵֮ԱǣȻ͵ؽƶͼӡȥ
ǣ
촫ͼȻĳȥȻҶ쾪ȵĿ֮Уﻺ
ôɡһ˴ǮĻأ䲩ʯҶԴ˵
･ҶҲǿˣԭȴھʯ֮еľ׮ľ׮ԼԺеǸȻǾϸ˲٣ֻģӦǻ֮תӶߵٶȺͷӦ
浹ͦ棬û˵ôӰɡҶΣﲻһԪĻɶѣȴ˵أеθˡ
䲩ʯҶ첢ûбֳԤڵЧʱŭ㶮ƨľ׮ϿǼΪĵؽһƷϪľӲȾŶʦһһܹ飬ЩСֱǱǻˡ
˺ˣҴˣ󲮸Ͽ쿪ʼɡҶ䲩ʯȻҪ˵ƣԼæֹ
Ҷ˵꣬С׳ǰȻӡ仯Ȼڿӡơ
䲩ʯ˿ҲЦɫĿⶢС׳ĳһּɫаС׳Ȼһӣһ֮ǰֻ˼ӡѣû뵽Ѿܹ仯ˣȻӡת֮ʱ裬ȴûпٵұܰӡ졣
С׳ľ׮һӡҲǾʹͣΪĿǰյģֻµһӡѣ֮ı仯ЩνӲˡ
ƣ
С׳һȻĶסϪľľ׮
ž
ϸ΢С׳Ҳʧ˻Ȼ֪ľ׮֮ºۼЩʧ䡣
СӱģٶѾˡ䲩ʯС׳ļο漴ĿתССǰҴʲôԼǵò
Ǻǣ˵Ϫľ֮ºӡһЦɲǴꡣ
䲩ʯ̵Ұ˼촽ȻŤͷҶС׳ûûǸҪҲűˡ
ҲţϪľӲȶһ߶ʿ˵Ӧǲκ𻵵ģʹССĺۼС׳˿ȴվ˳ɵ
ҲǵЦһ£С⣬ֻ߶ʿȻУϾӡİӡأ
䲩ʯһС׳ɫ粻֮飬Ϊһ֮ǰС׳ǺһϰİӡƣС׳˳ĽһӡѾǷǳˣû뵽ﾹȻԳܹӡ
㡭Ŀӡ䲩ʯЩŵʵ
ĿԣֻҪԼβУɹʲǺܸߡش
һǲţС׳ٴʵֻܱһ˶ѡһͳСһˣһһӵܵһˣ֮ͬУһɽݶǲϺﰵнϾʲôѧʲôѧһｫѧ죬С׳Ҳǲȥѧӡȴ˲Ϊ˶֮ķˮ룬С׳Ըš
ǺǣС⣬˵ˣɹʺܵ͵ġʵҲ֪С׳˼Ϊҵĳӣôܺһӵһʶ
˵ˣԿ䲩ʯЩͲסʼߴ
ãӦһȻ󻺲ߵľ׮֮ǰҾ׳ˡ
Ȼô˵ζʮ㣬С׳аһ
Ŀ˼Ƭ̣Ȼָ㿪ʼϵıʮָӡƣǵľ׮ÿһָ֮ӡѭ
һӡӡӡ
䲩ʯ۾ϴһһµţ´ɾӡǸ˲䡣
Ѿǵڰӡˣӡ仯ҲʼЩ͵ȻĿǰ˵ӡһ̫ɵĴڡ
СӼͰ䲩ʯһ嵽һȥˣﻹż

һҲڵĸ֮˾ӡӡȻѵھӡĵľ׮֮ϡ
һ㡣һΪʱ겻ӡõĻҲʧˡ
СӺģ䲩ʯ֣صĺһ¡
ﱻǰߴʵЩʹ
䲩ʯǸĿһۣȻСӣ󲮲Ҳһµʱܽӡ治Сһ֮ưҿҲˣ߶ʿʵټϾӡӡƣǿϪľ֮ºۼġ
䲩ʯķӦһԵС׳ɫѸղŵһӡӡȷʵ̫һЩ
Ҷ˿ҲЦĿ䲩ʯϲģȴǴһӡҪ¼ӡźð
Ҷ԰ӡƵգҪĸɵھӡֱ׾٣ֻӡƵĵڶѣʹ˳䲩ʯƻ𾪵ķ
ιСӣסָˣ
Ҷ˼֮ʣ䲩ʯ˹
ҶͷΪøӦҶʤʵҲǺǿģ˵̫ԼҲԽܣֵ̫ǿĻҲ̫á
뵽Ҷ۸Уǿڵµӡ
Ŷģ˵Ҷӡˣ㻹ִԲ򡣡䲩ʯƺû˼˵ôһ䡣
󲮣˵ܹ¡ӡ˿̽ĶҶ죬Ŀ֮ӿŵɫ
Ҷ˵ûϵȻֻǡ䲩ʯ˵ҲͻȻ̶ͣһ䣺ӡ˵ӡ
Ҷ˿̺ڲѣַ֪Ӧ˵һӡˡ
˵ӡҶС˵ţͬʱ۾ע䲩ʯһһҲԴһͻȻ֡
䲩ʯȴͻȻƽҶܣܴﵽӡ˵˵˱ˣʲôʻ߲ĵطˣܰ𡣡
С׳Ҳһķ絭ᣬǸҶ˵ĻΨĿɳȣҶ컺ĵţԿԣ
ҶɻĿһۣ֪ΪΣܸоǶԼ߿һۡ
ڣǾͱȻȻɣɱӡ˹䲩ʯƲ˵ֻۣﵽӡĳ̶ʵԽܣıЩΪ⡣
Ŷ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ붼ĿʼӡĹ̡


21 ӡƣ
к£֮ƽů֮⡣
˿㳡̨֮ͷܶȵķ֮ʱڵʦָ֮ڶСŬԼѧǰһƬٵľ
֪ʱ䲩ԶЯСŮ˪Ҳ̨֮ϣֱֽķʽܲ
˿䲩Զڸ֮УڶСϰɹʱʱ㼸µͷ­ҲǱʾЩĿ϶
̨䣬һ˫ͭĴ۵ɵԲҲŵϴ󣬺ƺϲһ㣬ֱ飬Ŀɿڴݼֱٺʲ
СӽӡʱȻû˿ͣ٣䲩ʯĿҶ첻ϱ仯ָзˡ
󲮣˵Ҳѡ˰ӡƵʱǰɣҲĿת˲ĶҶ죬䲩ʯʵ
졣˵仰֮䲩ʯͻȻҡҡͷƺԼ˵ǲҼǴˣѵǶʮ֮ǰ
Զ˵ľȣҶҲ޿κΣ˵Լܹ³ӡ֮Ѿڲѣ˿ΪǽܣԼѾǹİٶȷࡣ
ָıţһָɣӡҲǳɹıҶ쿪
̵ġ䲩ʯȷҶǰʼϰӡ֮һ䣺ʱ˳Ŀӡʲôٶȣʲôٶȣ
أԲݵģ䲩ԶߵС׳ੲݵţʧķһ㡣
Ҷü󲮵ķӦҲ̫һЩɡ
ȻţҶеĶȴûͣӡ֮УָҲǽϵϪľľ׮֮ϡ
ֱšһԿҲ˵š
˿Թ۵֮УС׳ɫΪѿ䲩ʯ˵ģô֮ھĽӡµӡҶһŰ
ӡҶҲһɲΪòɽӡͷɣΪΧ˵ĿʵǶԼ̫ܡ
ġ䲩ʯһ䣬˿Ѿ˵޵Ļˡ
Ȼûп㣡ڹۿҶġݡ֮Ŀ֮Ҳӿ˼ΪŨصɫ䲩ԶԼǰҶĻԭŵ˿Ųɡ
˵Ŀ⣬ҶҲǻĲڣĵǡܲôô
ܡ䲩ʯĿ͵ҡҡͷ
̫Ե䲩ʯ˵С׳ҪƽĶˣеɫȴҲûõȥ㡭ô쵽ģһ֮ʳ仰֮޷ֺӣȡ֮ľȻ΢΢е̵˼
С׳ԸνǷǳҪǿϰѧ;ѣֻҪǸоԼһЩʱܹ;κ̣Ҷıʵǳ֪ļޡ
Ҷ쿴һۣԥƬ̺شɽʱޱͷðӡԼһԶӡļẒ̇ô˵𣿡
šͬ
ӡָģ֧׼ȷĻʹ֮ʱȴﲻĳ̶ȡС׳˵Լʡ
ӡıö̶ָҪǳ֮ߣЩǧ飬˸޷ıӡȴֻϰ죬㲻Բ˯ҲûɰҲʳе⡣
Уޱӡնɱѵ̣
ԣ䲩ʯ˵ͷԼĹ۵㣬˵ո˵һ̸ܶвҳޱҲǲ뿪İ
˿̵Ҷ챻˾һǿķ۷εѰߡ
ʱһȺ֮дһ
һֻһ˵ܹ͡
ѭȥֻ䲩ԶЯŰŮ˪Ⱥ֮л
ܣСҲ̫˲ˣĽٶȿݣٶȼֱ죬ֻ찡䲩ʯһֻ̫ѨһָֻߵҶ˵
䲩ԶûԼͯһĴ磬ǾֱߵҶǰĿ֮ӿָɫгȡ𺳡ο
һֻůĴַҶļ֮ϣ䲩Զ΢΢ЩĵţǳϵĴڣ
Ϊ䲩ʯĴСУ˿ѾвΧ£ЩˣûмҶӡı֣ԶͶ˲ԵĿ⡣
˵ĲӡʵԻɱޱǻûʹȫɣ䲩ԶĿ˸˸ڴǰŸľϲ
ҡҶ첻֪׸òðеʵչֳɲϲͷ֡
Ҷ磬Ŷ˪Ҷգգɰ˫ۣĹ
ʵùԥֻ벻ѣֻҪ룬е˽һα𾪡
壬ʵ
˿̳˲䰲˶סȴҶĻش
ʵѾܹӡˡҶ컺³⼸֣Ȼ˪֮Ҫ˵Ϊ˪ʧ
Ҷ˵仰֮󣬰ȻƬ̡ĳֲΪ𺳣෴ģǴҪһܵʱ䣬Ϊӡʵ̫˼飬̫ˣ
壡
ݵĳŹ󣬳˲䱬˺ľ̾
Ҷ촦ģ˿ֻöеĴ˵ɼ˸жô𺳡
ڳĶϰ֮ˣûѡǿİӡƲΪ˽⣬Ϊ̫˽⣬ѧʵ̫ˣǰ꾹Ȼʱﵽ˽ɾӡĳ̶ȣôܲ𾪡
䲩Զ죬Щ˵һ֮ڴﵽɾӡ̶ֳȵѾǼǰˡ
ûٶǰҵӡٶˣȡõĳɾǡһݸ߽ӹ䲩ԶĻ
۽綨ݸ߶һ£ҶоȻ˾ηɫܹﵽ۽綨Ѿ֮ǿˣ
ȿȡҶ챻߿Ļڣֻܼװ۾ˣֻǶӡ츳ˡ
ĴڣΪڣڤڤ֮һԤУ鱦ͨ鱦ͨƺĪĹϵ鱦ͨǾԲܹñ֪ģ򽫻ԼĪѡ
䲩ԶҲʹҶΪ͵⣬ҶĻشǰȻŰɣҲôȥˡ
С죬һ˵ȷʵ̫ңԶҲðľӡչָҿɡ䲩ԶȴлǹҶЩ֣ΪҶΪС˪ȻӦ£ǲԲ֮˵Ȼǻɷǳ˺ģǱ죬չʵõİ취
˰ɡҶҪѡ
УҿûǸʵ
ˣģŪ˰ԭذ
Ҳо²ܣϾ͸ˣ
ΧȺѰ˿̼ҶһΪӣʱ֮ǰֶǺ䲩ʯһһͶѣҲı
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һХѹеȻޱ𺳵ĿУľ׮֮ϱһȻ죬ǵڶ
ǰҪɢȥ˽ѾҲŲˣеĺȻ֮϶Ǿһ˿亹Χĵ˿ζŵһĻ
ֻҶٴϪľӡƣӡٴƣϵľӡơӡơ


22 
ң丮ۡ
֮еĵƹЩ谵һݸ˼
˲ǱˣݵѾΪʦ綨䡣
ô찡һ׳˶Ľš
ԣջĿ⣬תͷԼӡ
С£ǵ;˵˿Щɻζ
ιҵ׵Ҷ˵˶ٱˣҶȷȷʵʵܹͣ͵³ӡҿô찡¼ΪΣԼѾظ鲻ֹˡ
µı飬Ҳһһһ飡ӡѵҲľ׮һ㣬ᶯ𣡡
ȷʵˣľ׮ӡһѾǾŶߵĴӡǲͬնġ
ǵǸоʲôƵá͵͵Ŀ˵һۣΪԼձҶ˽
ǺǣʲôƣµĻ֮ɸֵĿһۣ㲻Ϊųҽڰˡ
һеģ˽ɫĶӵġ
¼С˼ʶƣһתģͬȥЩˣʱҶֱǡ
סڣϵµĻΪŶߺڵ㣬ȻһˣҪǴȥ㻹òһˣ
ŭֻų˵һ߲
֮ڳĬֻĺХ
һ͵͵һ۵һŪŪָǼ͡
˵ѡĽһѧǺǣ˵Ľǲڣ俪ˡ
ǰҪ취ӡٸʱ䷢չѡ֮ʱܵʲô̶ȿͲ˵˵ҲǸϽĽ˲ڡ
Ǻǣôûѡȡʤ̵Ŀһۡ
±һ仰Ǻƿԣֻ۰Ͱ͵ĸɳš
ΪҲ֪˼Ͳѡ֮ϣģõݵͷȥӭȢ˪СӶѣ
⡭µС˼ƣһʱ֧֧᲻֪
޴־һ֮ȥ
¼״æȥ˳ֽϵĲ볭
Ȳ衣ڡ
ӹ룬ε̾һǰЩ˼֮ϣֻǾŶ߶ѡ
ɿڣҲϲΪľ˵Ҳζŵ׼Լˡٲߴ٣ֻǰһԵȺ
ڣһڲ֮󿪿ˡ
Ҫ˵취ҲûУɹͲ֪ˡ
һϷ˷˵˵һʲô취
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ҵĺöӣĵ˵ͷ
ɱСھܹӡŰҾѡĸµʱأ˵Լǡ
µĵģ֮ϸһ˿ǸʼΪļթɫĵСӲôӡôؾͲĻᣡ
˵һЩôĻ᣿׷ʵ
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Ҷˣ»Ȼ򣬵е֮нһѡΣʤ߲ſԻòμѡʸ԰ɣ
ҷ䲩ԶϺҶһݵΪľǲ˪޸㣬ãǾ£˵գңң䲩ԶۡڣĿ֮оƺڸյĿʼһġ
Ȼ۲Ŵԣѧһ֪ˣ¿ʼƨ
ǺǣֻһСӰˣ̸۲ŴԡȻô˵ţɫϵĵȴǳȻµƨΪá
С£֮еʵǿȡѡͷӦڱصðɣ
Ȼƺ˰ɡ
˵꣬Ӷ˶һۣЦ

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Ϊ̺棬ŶλһʮѽΡ
˿еλϯ䲩Զ߾λʣµҲ֮м߷
´ΣĿɭɨˡ
ڵλǵİѽΣֻ֮䲩Զ䲩ʯ䲩ֵܡ

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ǰ˵ݶ£֮пνǷƸ꣬ȻνǼΪƽҲûһ˸ڳԷ
гһ֮ҲǹһЦת׿λ䲩ԶȻݶûʲô飬ôԶӦҲǲᷴԵİɣ
Ŀֻ֮ͣ䲩ԶϣΪ䲩ʯ䲩ͲȻ˵Ľ֮ϣ˵ȨԼǲԶء
壬²ף䲩ԶӭǰߵĿ⣬
岻г֮Ȼͳ֣֮ǾԴѪϵڵģ䰴ձҲǵλ
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ʱҲͷãΪݶҷ䲩ԶӦҲò£û뵽Ȼվˡ
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˵ĹЩɣˣҲǴһһģ䲩ԶɫϬһʹ
꣬νƽƽһߵ㻨һʱ䣬Ȼƾڳ˵ֱ׷ϣһ˼۵Ц
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̴ľηֱһֶϣֻվƺＷ㣬˵ԶԺ⣿ĪһǲǵǸķô
еΪһ仰˲併˱㣬໥ӣĿ֮սӿ
ƣ˲Ҳǲˡֻ䲩ʯվס˶˵ߣһˣӲ±Цֱ֮ˣõΪֵ֮档
䲩Զ΢΢̾һڣ䲩ʯ֮ô˵Ϊ֪͵ҰģҵһԱء
ˣûǸҪͰ˵İɡ䲩Զ׾ֱֱͬûκ𣬵Ǵ۵˶˵ˣҲǲòˡ
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ǻָ糣һЦɣҿ㻹ܲãǺǣ֮ڣұضɥ֮Ȯ
뵽ɿȭͷ˿ԭİѾǻΪĩȥ


23 ˶
أ
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˪Ҳǰ۲תҶҶأ
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ŶûʲôҶӦһ䡣
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ʵҶʵս˵½вɱĻĽɱġǱ㵽ΪֹģһȴʵõʽòˣǿǴҶ
У¹ϵС˪ұҪӮ
뵽Ҷתͷ˪ֻ˿ˮ˫ۣһգգİٴ˼Լš
ҶЦ֣ǹɥĵС˪˵ʵҸӮ¡
ŶҿôأҿɲҪ޸˪ҶЩٷ֮ٵģԴ˿ҲЦ˵
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˽ɣͬģ˾õһ˵仰
˵֮󣬶˶һۣǺǺǵЦͣ

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ѡ֮ǰõģڲòǰˣС˪һӮ
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߽綨ÿһεĽ׶ǻΪȽԵı仯
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ΪҪǱʤӦȡʤ
ŶߺڣϾҪʿ綨ĴڣӦѾżܹԪ˰ɡ
УұҪﵽٷ֮ٵİգ
صһҶ쿪ʼӦΧԪ
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ˡ
ܿģԪѾʼҶ˹ϸ΢ƵȶԪʼ̼ƤȻһ룬Ƥҡ⣬˹衭
һжɵĽţ˿̵ҶҲǱ˫ۣȻŲϱǿĹ̡
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ԪӿҩɢĴһ𣬵ȴûг໥ںϵļ󣬶ڴ֮󷢳ž죬Ȼ俪
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ԽԽܼöҶԺ֮ȴͬһͣݻ񾭡
˿Ҷǲܰ˫İסͷϱüΪʹࡣΪڲҲʼԽԽͣ͹ڱ֮Ȼ˹ǶϽ۰ʹʹ֮ǰμֱǿҵֹ

Ҷ˻ߵĺ;˫شϵĴݻߣٹʱָоˣĽĥ֮ȥ
ʱһµͷԺ֮лĳ֡
ָٵı任ţȻڿӡƵĹ֮СѾܲˣĥֱܳܵļޡ
ָԼͷ­֮ϣǵһӡ
ţڶӡӡӡ

ҶѰĺһ˿ֻҪӡôҲֹܹĥ֮нѳ
ΪܵĥѪɫ촽΢΢ſӡҲֻһƬ̡
ʱһӰȴͻȻԺ֮С
С˪
ҶͽȻѣһ㡢ֻһԼͻᱻԼᡣ
ˣС˪ͻµУҾ鷢
˵뷨ȻѸΪҪᶨԼһڸҲΪȶ
ټһټһ
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ʱ仺ţˮѾʪ͸
ͻȻҩƺʼ˼ļ󣬶ԪĹҲʼĻصһȽȶƵ֮С
ҩѾҪˡ
Ҷһ˿ٺĸоΪڷõ֮ſʼԪ߻ִʱӦò̫ˡ
ֻҪټһᣡ
Ȼҩʼˣʹ֮Ȼһܵĳ̶ȣٿϣ֮Ҷ־ҲǸӼᶨ
Լһʱҩǳ׵ɢΧԪҲǳ׵ĻعƵ֮С
ҶӾ޴ĥʹ֮лȻԪĳ̡
ͣ͡͡
һۿɼٶȻıøӼӲһǿ֮ǰ
ڳɹˣ
Ҷ˷ܵ˫ۣһȻӥۡ

ƿ֮ȫӳȭͷ֮ҶܵٶȺ
˶ߺڣ£ذˣ
û˶ߺܹӡӵҶ죬ذɡ


24 ѡĿʼ
԰֣㳡
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Ȼֻ峿˿̵㳡֮ѾӰ֮ܲڶΪһӣѡʸѡ
ıѡ϶ǼŲ޺Ϳ鼫Ϊ졣ڲİ˵У˿ȴɫ糣֮С
˵ȻºҶ졣
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ֻҪӮⳡӭȢ˪ӦþͿǰ϶ˡ
Ҳֹˡ
˿Ǹ֮ϸֳһּΪյ飬ĿⶢŶ濴̨ϵ䲩Զ΢΢̣ƵǺǣ㲻ǲмôҾƫƫıŮ޵Ǽʱҿķţҿ㻹ô`֮һ֮
һΪڱصˡҶջ˿Ŀ⣬Ȼתͷ̨˵Ц˪ȥС˪˵ЦǶұŰٷ֮ٵİǺǣҾԻЦݳġ
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лҶȻбʤģǳòǵһл
ԴϴҶֽɾӡ֮С׳ǻĺԼ˵ϼ䣬ƺ򽻵ȴЩ˼ĸо
ҶĵлС׳ûлӦǼĿš
һٶҶɻС׳ڸʲôȴƫƫҪһӡ
ͻȻҶоϾȻЩתͷȥֻ̨ǷɫĶԼߡ
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Ѱȥֻ˿̨֮һӰĿɭɨ̨µЩСǡ
䣬ֻǲ֪ʱѾӿ̨̨֮ϡ
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״ҲǺǺһЦѡĹһʼ֮˭ܹȡ̨Ĵ˭ǱѡĻʤߣô׼ô
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Ȼժһ̣ҲҿĳĴĻ
ʼһ£Խջص˿̨֮ϣȻѱõĲ룬еƷȻǶĽѾˡ

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Զ磬Ȯӱ΢ˣڿ䲩Զ֮ңңһ䣬ȻЦ
֮Цһô۽簡򵹵Щȴ̫Ҳ˶ǰ㰡
׻˵˲ֵڴܣֻȻָ䲩ԶҪڡ
ʱһ׳ȴǿ첽ǰһ֮ŲһѿߣС嶯ڻǳ׷ʱ򡣡
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ͺãɱһƿСǵĴ£˵ʱΪĲأҿһۡ
ɫ࣬ӦҲˣȴ糣ˣ͹ȥѰٽ顣
԰գʹҴȥӰת֮ʱȴһ˿ײĹɫ


25 С˪Ӯ
ʱѡֶǴ˽̨ʯ״ʯխÿν˲ͨܵĿɶ׵ķƴȫֻ֮ڶνǶļΪҡ
Ψ̨Ǳߵȴڲͬ
ΪԼûеֿһ㣬µġ۵һһ
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¾Ҫͨʯ̨̤֮ʱȴǷ˸ı䡣
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飡
ȫӣ˺üڿӵĿ֮ȴһٴγ
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Ŀˡĺ椣ȴͻȻصԼһǰơ
㱰ɣ˵һ䣬ŤͷܣһܻһߵĿĨĺޡ
Ȼ鷳Ķ֣ȴҲƵ˼㡣ŤͷܵĿ̨Ͽȥڼûע֮һ
Ǿʰ
ʱһЦ˹
ѭȥֻһӭ˹Լг˳Цζ
ƣ´˿̿νܻˡ
Ҳܾģˣּ㲻ˣƵĸķ
Ǻǣҽ㿴ġףһս޷⣬ΪȻݣǼǰĸһ֮УԼҲûʲôҪЮˡ
ɫҲǼ˿Ҵ⡣ΪԼ߶ߺڣŶߺ˵һСĻǻܵ˵ġ
У
ƱһȻϣ¶һ

ҶߣνǷǳ֮ңʱʱı˱⣬һ̧ġ
ˡҶѾԼӡһ깰˹֣Ȼǰȥ
վסȴ飬Ĵγ
ΣôִԲ㣬һӡԣҶҲЩ޿̣ԼѾŹΣȴǲĵ׷Լͣ
ҾܴλᣡһȻȭ
Ҷε̾һȻֱ۱ǣȭӰ͸صĻؿ֮ϡ
ǸҸܣ˵һ䣬Ȼ̨
̨֮ϣ˿ǳ˲ٵӰʯ£Ѿûʲôʣˣӵ㹻ʵĴ˿Ѿ̨֮ˡ
ҶԵļһ£ԭһ˴˿ֻʣʮ˶ˡ

̨ıഫһ˻ߵĲҽȻ˵ĲĿ֮£һ껺̱ڵأһ׳˶Ӱ̨
¡
̨֮ϣЦ⣬ɫѿа̫Щɡ
λһˣߵǰ³Ŵҹ˹֣һԵģ
Ҷ֮⣬еڼ֮ɫ˲粻ڳ̨֮ʱûм£Ҳǳһ
߾߰ɣ͵Сһæ˸λһЦζԶ
ˣߵЩƺ뵽ʲôֲһ䡣
˳Ĭ˶о
Ƭ̣ص̾һڣ̨ܿһȭ֪¶֣Ը˳԰գת߷߶ȥ
һ˿ڣǿɾ񱻳ȱڵĵ̰ӣһա
˳
Ҳ˳

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ܿģټ̨֮ϣֻҶ˵ӰԷ
㻹ôӵʵ
ŶֲˣҶɻһ䡣
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ΪʲôҪ㣡㲻һ߽綨ѣĿ⣬ԼҶǼֱռ˸ƣԴ˿ҲüΪӵĿ
ûȷʵӦҡҶЦſ£˵֮ұ֤һΪʣ
ǣԲѣаɣ±һ˾ơ
ڲû˽⵽ϰѧҶҲûܹ鱦֮ͨϵõʹѧ㣬ֻܴſˡȻˣҶ컹Щսʤµġ
ᱩϮ£Ҷ˿ָã׼ӡơ
˾벻岽ң¾Ŷߵٶ˵νת˲Ҷ쾹Ȼڿӡ
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һ̣ƺɻô򵥾Ӯˣ
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㡢㡢㡭һδУҶһָ֮ν
˿Ѿǹ˲ñˣٵ˾ڱе۵Уֵӡǿµ
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ҶӡһҲͬʱ𣬼̶һиŸ첲ȥֱһȫľͣ
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䲩ʯ΢΢ҡҡͷȻԳĿЦһ£˼Ҳײ޿ܣ
С£ȭھľ޴֮ڻ˿峡еĶӴ֧
Զ¶ϲɫոٴ˾⣬ڵõϵָ֮ҲǻȻ˹
Ȼֻ˫ֳȭתֻ䣬˱ͬһתŵһҶϮ
䣡С֮ıҲҪڣǲ̫һЩ䲩ԶڼҲǴΪҶҶֻϰ˰ӡƣԴ˿ҲǲָʲôֻܰѻΥϡ
ƺһ㣬һЦԶ磬ѵ˽ôôعòƽǰɣҲָ㰡
仰̨֮ϵ˶üͷʼֲ֮ͬѰĻҩζ
䲩Զĺ죬˿ֻǽܵעųУǵĵ۶ȭȭ֣¿Ѿȭˡ
Ҷ硭˪˿ҲĿתĶųжˣС΢΢һҲǵĵĿҪһ㡣
ӡȭؼ汸ҿô²֮š
˿ҶѾƵ̨Ľ䣬ֻܼ˫ۣµķơ
ȭȭҶ˫֮ϣһֹͷѵʹʹҶͷ¡
ˡ߽綨Ҷǰ˶ʱˡ䲩ʯ̾һεĵ
δأţǻ쾪ϲ䲩ԶĿңųҧֵҶ죬Ǹоʲôĵһյʱ䣬ֻҪͦĹȥµĹƱȻ
ȭؼ汸Ҹô죡ҶĲϵƽİ취ȥǱذɵġ
ˣǹؼ汸ôĶؼ汸ضܳ뵽ҶԭЩ֧Ųס壬ٴӿһ
ǣûѾǰ˶˰ˣҲûлᣡȷһ㣬Ϊߵܶ˵ڻƽƷѧȭȫ̡֮ͦʹǰ˶ҲܳŶκȭɵ̫ʱ䡣
֪ȴһһΪҶܶѾԲʿ綨
𣿣
ҶᶨĿ˫֮͸ͶµĿ֮ϡ
ν粻ճ겻Ϧ֪˵
µĶ֮УʱһϮȫ
ڣ
¹Ƶ˥ҶһȻȫֱ֮ϣһָǰĿҪһ꣬ӡٱãҶ쾹Ȼ˲Ϣ֮¾ӡ
ôɡſǰѳʴ֮Ƶ꣬˲ӿޱ𺧵ɫ
һֻû˵ڣҶӡ
ţȻͷ˾סؿҪ׳˶ӰȻһ֮ԶԶķ˳ȥһ֮ɿ⡣
һ󺮷紵˿ǹ㳡лǿ̨ϣ֮˵϶Ƿһ亹
£һѱѪ磬۾ⷭ£ȻޱȺݶĿҶһ֮ȥ
µ˻ͦһʱ̣ôǻὫҶ˺ߵġ
ȥⳡҲʧܶա
˾Ŀ֮УҶ֧վ壬Ȼңңĳſ̨֮Ѿɵ۵˪С˪Ӯ


26 
˿̣ãҶޱȾ㵵Ŀ֮ĳ˪ɵЦ
Ҷ硭ڷӦƬ֮˪ҲһȻ¿̨һѽҶӵס
ȻҶ첢ûж´죬µ볡ѡεʤ˭ӦҲǲö˵ˡ
䲩ԶЯҲ̨֮ϣ˵Ŀ֮д˿̶ǳϲΪҶεıչֳʵӦǾżģڲõĽһǻΪһ֧ˡ
Ҷ죬ҵ㣬Ҳ䲩ԶҶļȻοĵ˵ͷ
ӡʮΣһĽٶȣǰ˭Ҳǿóĳɾ͵ġ
Զϲ˰ҵŮҵǰ˿Ҳǰ䲩Զϲ
ΪҶȡαʤѡϱΣҵĹ˵׼ŮѾǶˡ
Ǻǣ֮簡֪СԸԸȢǵƤĹŮء䲩ԶϲЦտЦҶ
С˪òƷУ򶼾һġŮӣСҪǲȢ񲻳ɵӣ
ҿɾͲ֪ˣǡ䲩Զ濴ɫͨҶ졣
˿Ҷ˪˫˫ͷǰĵذ壬ߵ̧ͷ
Ȼǡǲ֪С˪Ҷ֧֧ᣬȻ֪˪ҲԸ⣬Ǵ˿̻ϣܹ׶ȷϡ
ѽǻСأ˪ŤȥȴŻϲı顣
û˵Ҫɻ飬ֻȰ¶ˣҼʲô䲩ԶһŮЦôѵ㼱͵޸Сˣ
˶ǿЦߵú޲ҸطȥСЦЦص㳡֮Уþ÷ɢ

⼸յ̫ƺʮֵԵϵĻѩҲȻڵϵĿ֮γһһСˮӡ
žߴ
һ˫ոµѥصĲŢˮ֮Уϡསϸߣʱǡ
Ҷһ̾˿ץ˿
Ҫǰ䲩ԶۡģΪαʤǶǶ䲩ԶһҶνһϲ£̨ٱʱ䲩ԶҲȥ·Ȼףһ˳д顣
䲩ԶνĴʲôҶȻһڻصס֮Ҳǽеļ·֮зѡžϵ
˫ѥҲ䲩ʯṩģڸҶ˫Ь֮ǧķԸҶ˵Ĵ¾ҪС˪Ļ³ȴ˴£Ҫʰ׵һЩ
ȻҶشԵ˼Ϊġ
һ·֮С죬Ժ֮˪Ц˷ϲ¾ˬɵ⣬ˬͷ
л䲩ʯĻҶͷ˿ཬн
ȥһףˡ뵽ҶҧҧӲͷƤȥһ֮ʱԼֻһ͵ˡ
԰ʵ̫һ·֮ҶҲǶתתˣڼҶֳ֮Ĳ¶Ľ𾪣Ҫôǿһ˸ˡ
ӮⳡҶ죬νһεĺ䶯ңⳡʤ֮֮е˶Ҳûų˼ˡ෴ģڼ֮ǻĴһк
䲩Զ
ĸֳҶУ˿̵ȴǳٳٲ߽ȥſǻ
ϣҶӣ˵ҪѶСôʰЩھһʱǻҲǼΪĿڡ
Ҷֻ֧֧᲻֪Ǻá
Ȼ⻤Ц֮пûзֺĶģǿЦѡ
ҶӲȥһ·ɡǻڿҶľ֮ҲǺĵҪæ
Ҷ´һ飬ֻ߻ݶԼ̫ࡣ
Ǽֱ̫лˣҶɫ˷ܣмĵ
Ҷﻰܰ㣬Ҳҵˡǻֿ˵һ䣬ȻҶ·ȥˡ

СӣҾһ
䲩ԶۡĴ֮д˿Χһ̴ϲȷʢ˱ǣʳ󶯡
ٱ䲩ʯֻһ룬뿪λҶǰһ§ס˺ߵĲӣȵ
󲮡ҲܽбҶ쾪ָָǰܹװһƵĴʵ
Ǿ;һ룡䲩ʯ˵գһ֣ͷཹཱུת֮һҾƱ㱻˸С
Ҷ쿴㾰ȻǱסˣĿ˿䲩Զֳȵ˼
󲮾ܲȣ˰ɣ䲩ԶްΧ˼ǻϽͣߴ
ԣҶҧҧеȻӲȥҾ͸ˬЩģ
ֻһ̳ƣȻһſ˾̳ϵ⣬˵еȥ
һԾƵ䲩ʯ˿Ҳǿɵֹۣû뵽СӾ˾
ž
̳ص˰֮ϣһ죬ҡ˼֮ҶǿվȻɫһۿɼٶȱĺ
䲩ʯҶһۣӵģԭСǳذҵģ
˵գ䲩ʯҲֱһ̳ҾƣȻһ
ں֮ȴ㷴ӦûУְκҶһۣһЦǵϢܰС˪ĵĽ㡣
ȿȣ磬òС˪Ůɡ䲩Զ˽磬ȻڱϿƼ󣬵ʵͺȵͷˡ
󲮣ֲҪһƹҪôܺȸ˪˿Ҳ۴⿴Ҷ죬˵û
䲩ʯΧʱתĿ꣬һԿֵµӵĻ¶ˣ㻹ϹQأ
εĶͷ֪Լһȶ˾ƻǺεȵ߶ҲæǺҵĿѧϰأΪ֮ȻһǶѰ
ѽѽСޣȡЦ䲩ʯԼֶŮץȴƫƫҲ
˼״һƬЦС

ΪˣԴҶǺȵЩˣⳡϯֱɢȥ
˿ҶڴߵС֮ϣһҸɫ
֮󡭡
Ȼֹһ䣬䲩ԶĻҲǲϵ֮ұ˪Ϊޡ
΢絭ҶЦ⵱Ȼ˯ȥ
Ҷ˯ȥͬһʱ䣬˪Ĺ뷿֮УһӰҲٴĿ֮ӿֳڴǴЦ૵Ҷ磬Ѿδء


27 ʿ綨
ʱҴţתǹȥ࣬˿̾ʢѡѾֻʣһµʱˡ
ʱҶʵٴ˽Ѿﵽ˾Ŷߺڵĳ̶ȣٶСν٣ԼȴǼΪ
ΪԺʱ²һΪ۾Ȼʿ綨ûͻƣⲻʧʲô
˼ʹϵϵʱ仨ʵЩˣڻķѡϾҪʼˣҺ֮ĲȻĶ֮࣬һµʱܷﵽһܹһսĳ̶ȾͿˡ
Ҷͷеŵ裬˳˼
˵ٶȵͻԲҶ̰ԭӶչֳĳǿʺʵ֮е͵λҲѸٵ󲻵ĺ˪ߵһ𣬶һΪһСżһĴڡ
һΪΧȺĽ㣬ǿɾеæˡ
Ҷÿ춼Ҫ󲿷ֵʱӦЩĽǰˣЩ˴ͳСȻҲһЩݺͻӵܡ
ǵĿĲͬеǳѵһţеĵҪύҶ죬Ҳкܶӭ֮и¼ҲҶչҵ£ơ
ԸڶͣҶȷʵҲǳòܵӦꡣǵ˺һЩ˸ûҪ֮ҲǹϵЩ֮˳˱ŸȻԼЩΪʱܹύǡ
ʱҶ˪۵ʱ䶼ࡣȻˣ˪ȴǷǳͨĲûŮǰ㷢ʲôСƢ֮飬ΪҲףΪԼδķڽҪҴĴڣ˼ʹϵ㲻õĻôܷĵİôĻҵҶС
衢ڵ
еģһɻƽ׾ƷƵĵ裬һǲ㶪Сŵޱڵ
Ƭ̣Ҷ콫ڵСİãȻ
õɡ
ⵤǻƽ׾ƷڵҩȵؽһƷȻȥֻһףĲȴǷǳ֮ġ
ͺϰ֮ˣŶߺһʿ֮Ĳ࣬ǾԱ㶨ġ
ҲֹˣĿǰ˵ҶܷȻⵤ趼һδ֪ҩǿڵ豶ڵˡ
ǰĥҲ뾭ˡ
Ըϴεɡ
Ҷаһ䣬Ȼһڽ븹С
ȳֵģǺͬů֮Уҩɢסҩϵ磬ů֮Ҳǽı˿
˿ҶȫºˮܲǴù
⼣󣬹Ҳòȥ
ϵȼţһʼѾֻʣ˰ز̨֮ҲǶѻ̵͡
ףòûʲô̫ĥֻЩȵĸоѡ
Ҷɻҡҡͷⵤҩ˵ǳʱ伫Ȼ˵ҩǿľ˵ԽǿҩԽǸøҶҲ̶õĥŶԵİ
ڳ㿾ҶÿһѪ⣬ȻҲܣǱǰǼֱǺ̫࣬ݶΪ
ôء
ҶһϲţǼˣֵ飬ǱҪġ
뵽鱦ͨҵ˼صݵһҳʼϸϸƷ
յõ֮ûϸоΪƽ׾Ʒĸ֮ϲȻǻص֮鿴ǻȥ;ȴֵܣȻǽӶ¼ͻת䣬Ҳû˼ⵤݵϸԣֻмǵôһƽ׾Ʒıˡ
ڸղŵһϸĶ֮ҲΪεҩǿȴûи̫ĥԭ
鱦֮ͨмأⵤҩ֮ҩΪº͵һ֣ȻҩǿǳֻҪǿ㹻ô֮ǻΪů͵ĸо
Ŷԭô°
ҶڸԭɣҲ¶ǳǳЦ⡣
ЦΪǰεľǰεȥξȻܹһ߿鱦ͨһĲϱǿֲ𣬼ֱ̫ˡ
֪ҾȳⵤˣȰȻȥǼݣĻĥ
Ҷ쿪ʼûм˽ⵤˡ
Ⱥ˿ǲֻ·µı춼ʪһƬ
ѽҺã
ҶͻȻһ뵽ҵ˿֮У˵ҵ廹ûдﵽܹ׳ܵҩĵزһʼʱȷҪ𣡡
뵽ҶҲصĺһΪԼѭ򽥽е
ʱߣҲžȼţҶڵҩȻһֺ㶨¶ȳɢ
ôõ˿ָоҶ˵ҲǴʼСĥܡ˿ڷŷǹͷһ㣬ģ˿˿ðˬˡ
ֻˬĸоУҶ쾹Ȼز⣬Ȼⴵ磬ȻûеֵסϮڲ֪г˯ȥ

һ˿ϮȫҶڳ˯ʱ֮˹
֪ںʱѾȼ˿ҲһƬֲָڡ
ҵͻʯžһ죬ʯðɫĻ棬ȼ
һŹʱѼ򵥵Сյͨ
Ҷ´ƿȥֻҹĻû¹⣬ƾоӦҹʱˡ

һ´һ̩ĸоಢ
ʲôѵûͻƣ
Ҷɻ˵Ŷ߽ʿ綨Ĺһƿһ޷ͻƣԼǸеһԱɡ
ǻƽ׾Ʒҩ
Ҷľսȭͷƽ׾ƷҩҩӾŶߺڿʿ綨ĻôҲǱʲôչˡ
ֵ˲ʧΪյȭͷУһǿѸ޵ԪȻҲȭͷĻ˻˻졣
ɹˣ
ҶпϲűСԺС
Ϊ·ˮ͸ڶҹĺ䡣
ɲں˿̵ļѩ֮УҲ޷ӿϲѹ

һϲõĺȭӰƷ֮һĻߡ
飡
һУһʯҶĻ鿪ʯм䣬ܱȥٶֱϡ
΢΢ʹдҶȴǻ粻ֻ֪ȫĵĸΧԪ
˿̵ٶȻʵķԾȭ֮ʣԪ֮ӿָоʵ̫ˡ
ʿ綨ĸоô
ҶĿȵųҹգӿޱȵļ


28 
˵Ѿʿ綨ˣһԸݵȵĶҶ
Ҳֻ˵ˣѾ˵ˣҶΣкţ֪Ͳøǡ
ҶڵģǼеһݡ˿Χ߸һ꣬һַֹĿתİס۹֮оǲ˼ɫ
ղ˵ĸƽү䲩֮ӣǰҲڿ˰˶ߵС
Ŷߵʿ綨һƿأҵ˰ųɹͻƣ֮ٶҲءƽһ£治š
ƽ˵⻰ͬʱ༸ҲǺһ϶ֳصĽ֮⡣
ҡŶˣҶǺȻʲôһ㣬һʵôֳˣҽ̸ǵô
ԭھҶɹͻʿ綨Ѿǹȥ˰֮ãʱƾʹԪѾﵽһʿڡڼ䣬ЩҵԼ߿࣬˵Ĵ඼ʲôƿʲôо巴Ӧ㰡֮
ܵ⣬ҶҲ㡣ʵ飬˵ԼٵĽΪƳҩҪôǶըǲǰɣͺԼжС±ǳƵãҶ˼վ̸ǣڽϰĹȻȥʹõɣһ˵ֻǰϰǶѡ
ʵ˵ʵںڲƲĹϵĻҶķǳԸԼķ߸ҵġΪڽЩ¡֮ͳӵܶõģ֮ʱҲûбֳʲôż˼
һһ룬ҩ˽ǲ֪ģΪһ±¶ôпԼᱻڴײϸ֮ÿնĲֺҪУҲܷ¸˶ԹͬģǸʱɾпԣƺҲϴˡ
أ㻹˵⼸оĹ˵Ƶأƽȷԣ⼸˵ڷܵģҲֻˣȱɣݸҲ޷ﵽҶ̶ֳȡ
ͷҪȥȻ˷ȥûʲô֮Ƕĳ˵źܴġҶ˵ͷƽЦŹ
Ҫ˵ͳС˪֮⣬ƽԼΪҪˣҲһ𡣵ȻⲢ˵ҶϵУΪ˾ȻҲǴ󣬵Ϊ˴һνĵˮ©ְҶԸʵЩ̫䡣˶ֻǻྴأһֵľ
˿ļƽ˵ԼЧ󣬶Ǻڲ
Ҷڽ֮ʱǿǶڳģһֻһЩ򵥵Ķ֮󣬱ʧȥȤΪ˲ɨҶĲɵĸ˼֮ҽȥˡ
Ҷ죬ҪҪٽһ鰡һŨü겻˼һ䡣
Ŷû£֪ǲЧһͼǣˡҶû·ϣ˿Ҳ˵
̫ллˣǴȣŨü¶ɫΪҶΪԭӶٸǽڣû뵽Ҷ첻û˼ȻҪʱͼᡣ
һʱ伸ҲжȿֺĽ˲ˮǮȻҶҪȥƹ˺ȸһݡ
һҶһ㶼Ȥϴεƿ˯˺ܳʱ䣬ֱӻǻججʵûܡ
Щѳ룬ԼʵҲѲֻŴ¥ȥˡ
ڼ֮ϣҶҲٴγΪ˽ӡͻµϢֶߣ˿ǳΪ˽ַȶߵĻ֮һ
һҽȥɣʵܰҶΣİ汾ѾʵʷĴͬˣӡһϰɾӡ¾Ȼ˻䡭
㻹ҪҰҾ⣬˾ĸоŨüҶһѣĽ˵
伪ɱ˵ˡҶһۣȻָָǰһƹݵȥǰѡ
ã͵ıŨü伪ҲǺˬӦһͷȥ
ҶƽУڿҪƹݵʱͻȻǰһҩ֮ϵһżΪ۵ĸʾҶĿ⡣
ƽȥϾͻ
ʲôȥƽסҶ졣
Ҳ֪ҲʤȥƵĶҶƽļ򣬸˵
ƽԣεЦһЦ˼ôţƴƾȻˣȻôţȴûҶ죬ҶҲǳ˽һ֮ȥˡ
Ŀ˽ƹ֮кҶǸʾ֮ǰĿϸ
ȮֲԲֲǧ֮ʿȮһ
Ҷжһ飬ȻԥƬ̣߽С
һڣһŨصҩζ˱Ƕ˿ҩ֮˶䣬޿ˣֻ̨ҩϰüİ̾ͣ
ϰ壬ŸʾİɣҶСʵΪϰɫƺһΪƵ鵱УӦòΪӵĲ鵣ǡ
ϰ̧ͷҶ֮ǷֵɫҲ¶һ˿ɫСӣǸǰɣ
ҩϰ˵ĻشҶҲԶˡ
ѽ㿴ˣҩϰʶԼղǾ䲡֮ǸĴӹ̨߳ȻҶ
ô˭ܴǰʣҶǰɣϰ岹һ䡣
û壬ǸʾİɡҶ˸ĿڣоƺдһЩ
ҩϰص̾һʵȮǰЩӽɽ֣ǻ֮˵ۣ⣬û뵽ʱ֮ȻͲʡˣȻڣͬһ㣬˵ֱѾ˰
ҶһԼ˵طҩϰĶӱǱһΪɰ޶ҧˣԲŻ֢״
ԭҶҲɰҧȴǼʱķֲҵ˽ⶾҩԲ޴󰭡ȻԽҶ˽ɰΣ֮ҲǾһ亹鱦֮ͨмأɰȻ棬ȴҲǻƽ׶Ʒ֮һڱҧ֮ҲⶾҩⱲӹҲֻһ׵Ļˡ
Ϊɰ漫ΪҶҲǳŽⶾҩܹó
ҶС簡˵ΪҽߣȴӵʲôƲǲˣҩϰص̾һȻĨ
壬˵ʵܾһҪ󡣡Ҷԥһ£Ǿˡ
ҩϰһ¶ϲɫҶСܾȮӵĻ˵һҪһҲӦ
ʵҩϰ岢ǺҶĻΪȻţǱϾϰ֮ˣ˹ֲԼҽʮʲôƲһκá
Ȼ뷨Ÿʾ֮ȴûһ˵ҽε״˿Ҳֻҽˡ
ҵҪ򵥵ĺܣǧ𴫳ȥˡ˪о֮˵̫סˣһϰѴ´˳ȥʱ˵ʲôӣԼ˵ҩʦҲǲܷ
⣿ҩϰɫȵʵΪҶʨӴ󿪿Ҫƽ֮ء
⣡Ҷ쵭ȻһЦ˵ͷȳȥκúȻẰ
֮Ҫ֧ҩϰ壬ΪԼκö˵νǽʾ֭Ҳ޲ߵĹֲȻ˼֮ʲô֦
ҩϰһ£ת֮С


29 
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˿ʮֺų¼ҩ̵ſڣһ֮صŲӣɫΪҩ̵ϰ壬ϰ塣
ȿȣ
ͻȻҩ̵ﴫ˼ϰ֮ʱɫһ䣬첽ȥ
˿ҶҲ֮߳ǡһ͵ĳϰ壺壬ӵĲѾûʲôˣպĵԼҲӦܹ˰ɣҶװһĿǣΪ˵ĲҩϰĻɡ
𣡡ϰ¶һ̫ŵɫϾԼʮҽ۵ľֲ޲ߣ²ʱȻͱκˣ
һƭ㲻ɣˣȥӰɡʵҶֻ˰ʱѣʱ˲Űѽⶾҩι˷£ôĿĵΪ˲ɶѡ
ȵȣҶС硭ϰһסҶ죬˵˰ȴ־òԣæĿڵСˣôܾôˣ˴Ӧлǰ
԰գҲҶƴǣӲǰãȻϷƵĲ֪ȡһ̻ƳȳȵĽԪǿǷҲǧ֮ࡣ
С£ĪƴǣϰϿңԪҶ컳ȥ
ʹãҶ쿴óȻϰʸΪ񣬵СǧƽҲˡοư֮ԼһҲǲ̫ôƴ֮ҶֲҲֻȡһȻҴȥ
Ҷ˳¼ҩ̣첽УϰǸмȴȻϵĴ
С˰֮Ϊ
Ȼ˵ĲĿǰҶ˵ľƹ˵زԶҶҲǺܿ˾ۼĿ⣬뵽˾ƹݵС
ƹΪ۸¥ģȻȲµĹҲһĴˡ
Ҷ컷һȦǲδֻǵӰҲǼ¥ȥ
˶¥ԺҶĿ˱࿿һŴ֮ϣ˿ƽںȲϵĻƴžƣϲȲ޶ļҶҲ΢΢һ˿ů⡣
ȻڵԼ
ֵǣһˣҶһкȻƴƵС
Ҷ죬ȥˣǲºȾưǽ伪Ũü˿Եһ깴ҶŲ
ǰҸ㰡ӲģϽԷ룡԰գ֧ģ޲õðһĴǳҶǰ
ʵҶȻ㲻ܺȣҲմ˿ȺüŪ۵Ļ飬Ҳףⷣƣڽˡ
ۣۡۡ
죬ҶҲһ룬Ȼصİѿ˾֮ϡ
ˬ

Ҷû֮ǰѾȿ˼̳Ҿƣ˿̾ӿɤȻȻĴ
ܲˣ¥ǼǺȣǵСүķ
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٣СƢ伪Ȼ붯֡
¡ҶһסȰ£СЩˡ
֮ǰ˵ȷʵ̫˵¥ҪˣȷʵЩˣҶ˿ҲǾЩӲ伪ѹ
˼Ҷٶʱһ㶡ʵ˵ʵ伪ƢҲûô꣬ΪҶڳĵ
û뵽֮ʵǿҶ쾹Ȼһˡ
ȻҶĲֻǼ⼸˶ѣҲһ˿֮⡣
СүҲǲˣôŰɣǮҸˣǸϽʡСүŲʹ죡ſȻһףһѵһҶǵľ֮ǰ
Ŀȥֻ֮һôжʮҡ
ʮӱ˵پǮˣϸҲǴ´ࡣ
˿ҵһЩˣȻʮӶЩӵܲʲôĿڼҽϿȻδȱǮƣҲӲʮһӵ
һСĶ伪˵
伪֮ԭЩƵҲ˲ȥȻ˵ǿС֮зһʮ꣬Լͬ䣬ʵȴѾﵽ˶ʿС
伪͵͵һ֮Ψһܹ֮һսҶ죬ڼǰһµ֮ص̾һǳԶˡ
Ϊڼ߶ûԺӲֻЦ˼ôѵǵøһ˸ô
˵꣬ȻûҶ׺úǰĵҶ춼ûҷЩǻ߰˶εˡ
Ųɫһ顣
Ȼ֮еʵҪǿҺܶ࣬иĵĹأǾСֻ֮Ҫ˼ǲԲֵġ
ҽҲҪ峤ˣЩҪſ
ѵ
ʱһ촫ȻһӲ䵽أſűߡ
Ҷ춯ˣҶ춯֮ڶС৵һȫϣڴĵȴҶĶ
ͷȥűߵȻһֻаصĽԪ
ͬʱҶ䵭
ϽӣϽǰʧ
ԻҶνǿ١ʵµģ˵֮ʱһټ̫ҶҲ׼ˡ
˿ʮ˵ĿⶼҶϣЩȵһῴҶ죬һῴϵĽԪ˵
ӦƬ̣ǻعǸҶѣ
ʳ仰ʱѾ֮ǰǰˡΪ˵ղƻǲռϷĻô˿̿Ѿת˲䳹׵·硣
Ҷ첢δŰİеľƱ
㴫񣬲Сүǲţ˵գҲǿҶͷ
ʵǰȵҶ죬γԸᴥâǽĿɶСܣԼҲȣҪǷǰѼˡԱѡҲֻӲͷƤ⴫еŶһˣοԼĴŵУȻʵսǿҲǰ˶߶ѡ
飡
ƴҶͷ֮ʱһҲͬʱԪ໥ײ
ҶǰȻɫоǰ˵ǰ˶ߺڣôھȻ
µʱӰ˶ͻƵʿ綨ٶȶڳ˵ʵЩ𺳣
ǺǣһöˣȻӲȴǽŹȻ٣С֮鴫Ӳˣ


30 
һ˲ýš
˿˫Աͬʱվ𣬴µΣ
۸¥ƹҲǴҴҵĸ¥ɫɷףλСүСľӪСƹݿǲװǿǲǡ
¥ƹĻ˵һǱ죬ϾܶԿ˵طٴֻֻ۰Ͱ͵ҿȻϣȺɷܹ˼
ˣ߰ɡҶ֣ʾ¾ô˰ɡϾֲһȺͷ죬ûҪΪһС¾ʹ֡
ȵȣѵˣڼҶ׼뿪֮ٴΪҶ˼Ϊˡ
˿ߵ¥ݿڴҶһ£ǲδǴ˼ȥ
СˣҿҪץסᰡţ⼸ߵĶǹҶۡν쳹ˡԼƣҶ쾹Ȼͷһأһȥǿ֪Ĵ
˿̵׼Ǯһ˵ԼˣֶáǿУҶæӴܣԣаֹһ䣬¶˷ŷѾĵЦݡ
磬ˣҪҪ׷
һֻǰһΣŻعԼСܶʱһɽе׵ġš
ô׷û˵ʹˮô˷ܵĻشһ䣬Ȼȳ¥ȥ龰СҲȿֺĸ˹ȥ
ϾʹҶֻҪǴ˳ȥԼʵϸʮ²ֹ

˳ӿҶһ˵ȴ˿ڼеСҶƽ֮⣬˶ɫãȻΪҶġս΢΢졣
վסСүüͷôһ֮ô
һ˵Ȼ׷
߻˻ĽҶε̾һڣû뵽űĹȻѵ˦ˡ
⡭ת֮Ҷ쾹ȻĶ˵һ仰Ҳ˵
ԭҶһֻ̣һСܵһԾڿоˣһĿշ֮ڵϣȻһֳŵأ̧ͷ˵һ䣺ߣСүȭͷ𲻴Ӧ
һĻֻҶ죬Χ˶ĿɿڴСӡвɡѵԼоȵˡ
ȻԼһ෽ʽȻеŤ෴ģ˿Ѿǵ⿪˻ֻԼٲȻҲ˧ֻ࣬΢еճȴǲ֪ιʡ
˳Ĭһֹ֮󱬷ǰࡣ
ڣЦһ֮󣬸ҲͲס˺ȻЦ
ѵûоôҶ˿ҲǺЦһ䡣
ôˣҲǸое㲻ԣɵʵ
ˣǻ߰ɡҶεһЦкѾЦǰϵļ飬׼ȥŲ˹ʺȴȻ֪Ȼһ²ȥֵĸо
磬ȵʺˡһСܳʹĵ񣬶ͷȴЦĴ磬˿СҲһƬͨ죬ȻЩҲסˡ
ҡҡ˵עӵӲ˽ţȻ֧֧Ĳ֪Բźá
ΧЦˡ
ʲôϽ׷ҽҪǣһָǰԶҶˣ˿ѾǶ޲ðƤ˺ĳ̶ȣһеҲȻȻתƵҶϡ
ĲԶҶҲνذܵĵҶǶģԴ˿ҲеĳЦ֮⣬Ķƽ˵ͷӭսСġ
Ҷƽȼ˵˵һ䣬ǰȡЦȡЦԲɱս֮ʱҶҲܹǳٵĽ״̬ġ
ֵϰ֪˭ߺһȻߵʮ˱Ťһȥˡ
Ҷ첢ûвսΪĿֻҪĿνǲһ
ڹļڼ֮Ҷ췢ľ档
˵ԼɣĻᶼûˣ˵һϡ
ȭƽӰ׷ɣžĻ֮ڶԿ죬תۼѾʮвֹ
磡
һ죬ҶԺ˿ͬʱж΢죺ԼС˶Է
ǺǣȻе˼ƾʤСүԶԶһٴ
γȻʹѧֻӰȻóƲӥһӰ
ãΧΧ۵ȺбһȲʣȻΪ˿ȥдӥʹȴľ
ƽƷѧӥƣ
˵ֻǶʿɣʿǿóӥΣСӻЩ°
Ҷ״Ҳüͷ΢еǿܹԪΣӡ
֮ʣԪõĲӥѾ˵ҶǰûϰѧԴ˿ҶֻӲ
ء
ϴҶԪϵֱӲӥĹƣûʲôоӲ¼֮Ҷ˫ʹ̣һֻջǰľʹ
Ǻǣ˵ûк³ģڿҶ첢ûʹѧ֮ʱĴĪǶԪѧǾӡӡƸʹ
뵽ҲǷ˺ܶ࣬ΪһĵĶսû뵽Լʹѧ֮һоȻô
ҶڽڰˣǱߵȴǴ췭ظ˿һƤѪԷҲòȥҲһǱģƾеˡ
ֻҪһܣǾͶˣҶţƤЦϵҶ쳰
ǲǸ˵̫˵㣡
˵䣬ֻҶӰԽ徹ȻԸֲ˼ĳ̶Ȳ϶ܿϮӥӰͬʱָ任ͣӡ֮
״ȻһŵĿǰҶ߰Ӱ⡭ʲôѧ
СүүͻģҶָⴥ֮ǰһ䡣
ࣣ
һ죬ҶָԪӿ֮С
ҵİӡƺεȻԼҶһָָо൱һŶʱըһĿֲ
ʧɫֻٶȸɵҶվþȫĽӥƺݺݴ

ЮԪ񶯵ӰϴҶ߲ȻÿζǶҶ˺ܴвȴҲÿζ֮ıҶ
ãƯΧĹҲǾ̾ҶƮݵΣ˿Сеĺ˺
ӣ˲ҶôһҲ֮УһȫΨؿڴͻ׳һɫյӵ
ûĿⲢδ뿪мĶˣЦһǺǣû뵽ٶô졣
ǡҪҪȥɱΪӱ𣡡´¶׺ɫ
ãɱǵĴ²ŰɷҲ˼ˡɱһ˵ƺһ㡣


31 
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תسУֻҶһʺȣ֮еӡ
飡
ֻߵĴըŰ׹⣬űһҵԪܲȻ粨һ㣬Լɼ
ŵŵš
һ㵵ĿҶ졣
ոҶӡ֮ʱǾԪƣǴ˿֮ȻǾʹֱ̣۶ǾҵĲ
ʹԪȻ⻹ֻһӡѡз˺⣬ֱϴ˿亹
ûһӡˣҪǾӡĻǿ׵ƳԪ壬Ȼɱ
ô£
ǰôͻȻ֮·ˣΧ۵Ⱥ඼ɻ
ʹõѧӥΪͿǰҶĹνǲƣͷ͡ڼƺ˿һҲĪ
֪Ҷʲôѵˣһ׳˫ֽ汧ǰһģ
˼ģʱʵʲô
ʲôӣ
׳һۣߵţӡ겻ţ۸ˣʵ˵ˣոõıȻҾѧӡƣ
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ѹѲ⣬Ȼǰӡƣ
׳˵֮˶ʱһƬ֮Ҫ֪ӡƿҵľѧټϴѧΪЩо֮Ȼ԰ӡƵĴжţǶȴûʹҶչ˲֮ǽ𺳣Ǿġ
Ⱥ֮ܣֻ֪ҽУСүոֻǴ˶ѣõ˵ĳԾڼ˿ҶĽ𾪡֮жʱĪĻ
ϾԼǳģɾĿǰ˵ԼٲȻҲǳҶٴıˡ
˼㶪ˡȻҪҶȻҪȫѹƶ֡ԣС˼֮ЦЦ˵
ŭʢ޲˺ǰˡ
СɣһŭӰûٴϡ
Ȼǲӥƣ˿ʹ֮ȴǱ֮ǰϽࡣ
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ӥӰԡ
ҶӰŲڲ϶ܵͬʱҲĵѰϵ
ô㲻ӡ㲻ôˣĿЦţԴ侲֮󣬹ϽƣʱǰҶƵòˣƺֻм֮ˡ
ƣҶ첢δ𣬴˿Ϻޱ飬е˼ڷ֮ϣͷѾ΢һϸ
У
һȣ˫ƻȻĳֱֻ֮ԪתУóֻľʵʵĲӥӶ
飡
ӥ֮ӰصײҶ콻ֱ֮ϣȻѿ
Ҷʹɫһš
ôʶСүʵ˰ɣǹЦ˼֮ĿԼ˵Ҷ졣
ʿ綨׶εϰܹ֮Ԫڳ֮ʱԴԪӶûϰѧӦ̬
̬ĻûʿڵʿޣԶĿƲر磬Ԫûѧ֮ʱҲʱʱֻеʿڣѾԪܹ̬ԽԽʵʻ
ղһȴѾľʵʣҲڲ֮ͻȻıһ¡
ȻҲǰ׸ġΧ۵Ⱥٴҵ
ɲôҪ¾ͱʰ̫ɨˡ
ûһҲ캮⿴ôʱˡ
ǰͿҶôˡ
۷׷׵ʱȺ֮ͻȻһӡӡ
ɤĴһʱѹе˲Ŀ
ҶȻҲѭ˹ȥ߼֮ͣһ󺺵ϡ˿ǴڴĿҶ죬ͬʱһľӡӡͣ
ҶȻ֪ΪʲôεڴԼǻò΢΢Цһ¡
Сү죡ŭһ䣬ΪĿ˿ҲͣǴ󺺵ϣڼ˵ͦҶ֮ٲȻҲһԼղһΪˬĿһҶ죬ȴƫƫΪҶŭ
󺺱һʱήȴȻСľӡӡֹͣ

ͻȻһսһʹ
˵Ŀ৵תһߣʹøոҪֵʱҲǴЩ۲ʶ̩ɽȻԼȥˡ
ϣؿҪˣ
ǰǰһĻǱ߿ɾֻʣҶ֧ˡ
ԭ˿龰ƽڿ֮ڱСǻڵأȻҲ˲ᣬǱСȫûȻʤһ
ʤܱʧҪ̫࣡
ԭεɫ˲תΪϲһСܺģһֵ̳ģ
Ļ֮СȻ񣬱ΪõϴһЩˮܹ֮ĽɵԼƴƴʤȻֻϴԼһ䴵ꡭ
ͣ
ҶһȣȻ֮ӰѸȥ
ƽûκսˣСǻΪǰĻôԼǱذɵģһҪȽǡ
뵽ҶûаɣԵǶԼĲĸ̹ˡ

ϴҶ䣬ָҲûһӡת֮ǷֱһСܵϡ
״󾪣ȻȺСֻǼʵߵĻӵܣǱϾҲ߰˶ߣﲻʲôæҲܹҶһõġ
ӥƣ
ԪӿʮӥӰ࣬һͬҶϮȥ
ǺǣáҶЦһ˾⣬ΪڽС֮֮ܵʱȻţʱӡɾ׵Ķˡ
˭ҶҾϵӡҶһ߶Ĺƣһ߳Ż˺ߵСǡ
˿ǵ϶ӡ֮࣬ƵĻǺ֪Ȼ屻ӡǿըķѡ
һʱŵȫ亹ûһ˵Ҷ¡
ȻмƣֲɱħͷαغҶЦһʵսĻҶ֮Ĳ֮ġ
бºҵȻţһʱĴ
Ϊһ᱿ȺɫϢʱôҶ첻мĳһ䡣
Ҷһ仰˵ɫͨ졣ûɲʲôҶ첻һס˼ԱĻôҲǻȺ֮ġ


32 ŭ
žž
ָ졣
ɫ䣬æ˳Ҷ⣬һȣԪӿٴεĹ֮С
ԭΪ˼ɼԱԳ֮ʱûǰ磬ڶݵĽ֮ǱҶҵ˻ᣬܹԪӥӰӡ֮ϡ
˵˫֮к̵Ĳӥƿľ˫֣ⱲҲˡɱ˵ɫԹסҶвסİš
Ҷ쿴飬Ȼ룬ҶȴһЦذɣ
ľˣôţΪӡܻң˿˼ҲͲױģˣҰ֣˵ˣοͣǼŮұ
˵ȻģǴ˿̱Ҷڶȴ룬̵ֱͷѪ
˵֮ǰ׼ɱֵĻôڵǲͬˡΪѶŭ
ֻҶһ˫֮Ѿȼޱȳҵŭҧһһٵĵ仰Ϊԭ򣡡
ԭĸˣǴҶĿһͷͻȻ¶ű̼ȫ¾Ȼ˲䷺һ亹
ǿ˾ͱˣҶ䣬ɨһСܡ
ȻҶ˿ĵɱ⣬Ǵ򶷺ͳǷֵģȻ֪Ⱥ˺ܻܿȥҰȱǾߣΪӡ⼸ת˲ķѡֻģûдﵽɱ˫۶ɱ޹ĵز
ҶֺĿ壬ЩҲƬ̣һææӴȥ
ģһȺһ䣬˿кڲѣʵղֲ֮ǹ˼ȺСֻܵǹ˼ԼˡϾȥĻǻԺ֮ʱ𵽼ΪõӰġ
ֻʣҶˣҶ컺ɱĵΪղ˵Ļۣ
˿ҲףԼոյǷѾǴҶĵߣ˵һʼֻ֮ǽϾĻôѾݱɲˡ
ǾͿûǸʵˣ˿ҲɫأԲɱ֮ȻЩ£ȴҲ֡
Ȱ
ҶûٺϻһһӶ𣬽յȭͷЮźƿ֮ͷ
ôô죡ҶͻȻ쳣ĹƣҲǱ޿ɱܣֻӲһˡ
䣡
һ죬ȭ֮ϵԪٴܱɢȥǿ羢ݣ֮ڵĳ
ŶΧȺһƬס棬ֹǹ۵ľ硣
ҳ֮У˽Ų˵
ɢȥٴλָ
˼æȥֻҶԶԶ˺ʮ֮ԶƲֹŲȻδվȡߣɫЩף΢΢
һƬš
⡭ȷǸոǸ󺺣һּΪʧĿ⿴Ҷ죬һ֣Ҳ˵ʲô
˵ʵȻô⣿ҲڷӦƬ֮ѹľ̾ǰⷴ޴һĻ
ѵҶζҴģһݵΧɵ
ܣϪľ֮ӡ˵Ǹ󺺣֮󻺹ڷҵһ죬ҵұ֮ǰҼ겻һĻ
ûд󺺼˵ӡžܵģ
ûܵ˲ңҶ˿ѾվȻؿھҵţȴޱŵ˵һ䡣
ȣ
һصĿ
ȿȡ
ǵڶ
δע⣬ǰſԽԽң˵Ŀ⡣ЩŵĴҶջĿ⣬Ȼת˿ϡ
ȣһؿȡ
ôˣΧ˿ʼС
˰
ɣϷ簡
ۣڣȴûסֻɤһһѪǾĿ֮Ȼͺ˲û֧һ㣬ͨһȥ
⡢⡭

ΧٴɻǵȻ֪ڸղֶûʹѧưӲӲ֮¡ȻҶϱʿ࣬ӵǰѾʿƾͶȣܵ˺ֱǲֵһᣬܾ˵ĶԾҲ˴
ŲҶһٴŰڵص
ΧߵĿͬʱҲҶ컺ƶգ˿ȥѾûʲô֮ϡ
˵ḶۡҶޱ˵
ӮˣֻǺΪʲôҪȥ㣡Ȼ˵ţЩ֮⡣
ˣҶ촽΢ƽһɡ
ûôףͻȻֻԪӿӥӰٴγֱ֣ҶؿҪϮ
飡飡
ƣ

ӡͬʱҶӰٴκƶѪģȻǷˡ
˵龰Χ۵ǶɫɷףǺҶһû뵽Ȼٴγ֣ǺҶ첻ͬǣǸû뵽ҶԪĹȻܴﵽ˳̶ȣȻѾ֮ϵͬʱתԪס塣
𾪵Ŀⱻҽƣ˿̵סĳ鴤ţһֻֽץѾĿȫǵ֣סĲҺ
˿ѾǺڵ˼㣬Լھ¥£Լ׷ѾȥҶ죬Լʼľ桭
ɱңɱңٴԼǰҶ죬ĵ
ǰߵģҶޱָµȥ
ɱҰ㣬ҸͷˣŵЩʧȥǣ˲ʹȻ˵Ҷͷ
ˣɣ˵龰ҶҲǺݲƱϣһϰ֮ˣֳͷѾˡ
ҶСһ¡ͻȻҶһѡ
ҶĿȥǸոյǸ󺺡ֻĿǱˣκҵˡ
ҶͷһңԼȴмڳ֮үƱϵ᲻һŭ֮º˻ǵ治˵
ллˣ硣ҶǴ󺺵һлϵĽѾ΢΢һһȻʧڽֵ֮С

ҶǸոȥãҵڸϵֳ
Ϊ׵һԼʮҵӣӥǡ°ۣ͡һһּĸо
ڿȻ֮ɫ䣬ڼ򵥵Ĵ˿֮ҧܣ˭˳ӵģ
һԼ״ǰҲͲסȻ۵һĵҵҶ죬磬һҪұ𰡣
ģĪҪҵˣȻضʬΣĿݶԶԶԶȥ


33 Ԫ
򵥵С֮У˿һԵӰϥüĿһƬ֮⡣
˵Ҷ졣
˿̵ƽȣһּΪȶƵţԪѭı߽֡綨ʱ㿪ʼԪѭڽʿ綨֮ϰŶ˵ֱ׾٣˳̶ȱǰνԶ֮ͬˡ
³һҶ컺˫ۡ
ʿô
֮ܵǸо嵱еһ˿ָоͺⲻϵͣƤҲԽԽͻǰס
ٻ֮ҲǼӽҹΪֹѾǽ֮Ԫѭ
ڳǿҲڴ˴ε֮ﵽ˶ʿС
ѡһµʱˣʱһܹһεʵôӦþһս֮ˡܵεĻӦҲʲô¡
뵽Ҷ򶷵ĳ
ںϽʹòӥ֮ʱҶֻܿܣûĻᣬΪѧյ̫١
Уյѧʵ̫٣ӡҪӡĻ»ǲ̫׵ġһҪһµʱһѧС
Ҷ뵽ҪԸڼ򵥵ʰƬ֮ϵ̤ǰĵ·

صأÿ²ŻῪһΣֹĿ⣬ҪǾǷǳ֮ѵġ
¶ڼеż˵͸㲻ʲôˡ
ŵŵš
Ҷ첽ʯףȻ˿ػǰͷͨһ˵Ҷˡ
ǻҶ֮ɫ˲Щȣƺû뵽ǰȽϵ˾֮Գûʲôر֮꾹ȻȵҶ졣
ãҶԵȣȥͨ档ǻĿҶһۣȻת˲ĺ
Ǹһ״ٴεĻصҶǰ
󲮣һǸ״󺺣Ҷǰк
䲩ʯڼҶ֮ҲΪˣһЦСӣôҿҹٺأ
һᵽȾƣҶԭЦ˲佩Ӳȥ
ƽǱȻȻǻԣǰ֮־ʵҶЩܲ𡭡
󲮣µġ֧֧ģҶС˵
䲩ʯԺٺһЦСӣǲȥԶܺС˪ᵽһȥס
˵ʲô󲮣㰡Ҷ䲩ʯϲԸҲǴΡ
ģʲô£˺ȾƺȢ׻ʲô£䲩ʯһŭ𣬿ʼ
Ҷ챻ͻȻĴɤһıˣһ¿ɾѡˣֻ˰ӡƶѣ²еġ
䲩ʯֻɫɫȷʵˣֻһӡƾҪȡʤǲ̫ףӡѾ򣬵ʱ˶İӡԲߣһѡǿлŵ£Ҫӱɸϼˡ
ҶҲͷȻȴ䲩ʯġ
˵ҵǿ԰㣬䲩ʯĿ֮зΪѵɫ
󲮲ΪѣĻѰ߾ǡ󲮵ҶӦǲ̫ɡ
ǵǡ䲩ʯһ٣ԭɫͻȻ
Ҷ챻תһǸо֮һʹ
ž䲩ʯҶһ£Ȼ󹴼ĸ߶ߣ㲻ҺȾƣҾͲȥ
ҶٴΣֻǰߵġв֮ضȥ
ŷԶٲ·̣תһս֮Ѿܹ浱Ķ
ģ㰡䲩ʯ̿ˮоǲ⡣
Ҷ켸֮򶫲һָǰǸ᷿ңҪЩƲ˵ŵ͵͵ȥ
⡭Ҷ䲩ʯıֻͷޱȣⲻԼôΪһС͵ģѵ͵ľƲ˺óô
ҡҡͷҶҲǾٷ˼飬Ȼ䲩ʯָ᷿ȥ
ڿҪ֮ʱҶͻȻоһּΪԪǸ᷿֮ɢԴӿʿ綨֮ĸ֪Ҳ˼Դ˿̶ֳȵԪȷ᷿֮еʵڰ˶ʿ֮ϡ
ˣ
Ҷ˿ţȻȴĻش
󲮣ܲܲҪװħģڴ˼Ϊεȥĸж졣
ҶһټϴԼɴ󲮣ôӦǡ
ʱ鿪֮˳˶һۣԶһ¡
Ҷ֣֮
֡Ҷ칰˹֡
㿴ҾȻ㵱˴󲮡ǺһЦְҶУ̸
˿̲͸ڵϣ߲֮߰⡣
һûһţյЩΣ䲩ʯ
Сӣһ
ͻȻ䲩ʯűǷűһ߿Ȼһ˫ʳУۼʳеӰ˶˵ߵС
⡭ҶһۣΡ
ģϽһѰûжô䲩ʯһ䣬Ƕȴûжֻ֮Լʳзϡ
һ̵¾Ʋ˱˳ÿ֮ˡһ̳ƣһĸʳУƺþ̳òһʮ
ԳԳԣԱҴȥѡѧ䲩ʯæ׵ֱ˺һУʺĵ
ҾͲˣҶˡεҡҡͷϰΪ
Ҳˣ󲮣㡭ѵǼûгԷ𣿡ҶСһ䣬Ϊ˵ڼ䣬䲩ʯǽһֻеĸɸɾ
ģ⼸춼ǺͶܳԷҳ³԰ҶǿųԣʵǶˣ˵䣬һϲֱӵˡѪڡС
ˣҶ֣ƽ˵ˣ￴Ʋ¡
ҶԵûӦöждˡ
ҪСģѡĻӦܹһ䣬ΪбεѡлնԾıҶˡ
˵ʵһҶйâ
󲮣Ժˣ˵ѾѲӥϰ˵ڶӥյĵزˣǻƽƷѧȻҶ죬ʵǰţĶʿͶʿĲǷǳġټѧĲ࣬òҶеż
㼱ټҲӣ䲩ʯһۣȴӻͳһ鼮Ҷ졣
СȥҪлҾҺȺپơ䲩ʯһ߳һ˵
ˡԡԪܡҶ컺Ķ˷ϵ֡


34 
ԪܣҶͬʱһ
ʲôôСֵġ䲩ʯ˶һۣԺ
ϲҶ֣ԪܿϲķѧȻҲΪҶеˣ۹֮Ҳ¶ЩĽ֮⡣
󲮣¡ҶЩֻܳѡһЩͨѧʵԼֶζѣû뵽䲩ʯȻֱӾǰѰԪȻƽ׸ߵѧԼ

䲩ʯͷʶ˼ھˮĿǰЩС֮УֻܹѰӡ³ӡҲԪܡ
˵תͷһۣЦСӣҪӽŬ˰ҪôͱСӳȥˡ
΢΢ףɫûҶֵԶ֮ϣ³Խֻʱյˡ
ֻ꣬ʵȴѾԶ֮࡭Ҷ׼һ䣬ǻδ˵Ǳ䲩ʯϡ
ֻһãĵߴˣҳԱˣѡѧɡ˵գֱȥ
˿Ҷмޱȣû뵽Ԫ֮⣬󲮾ȻԼһѧһ·֮ҲǽŲɿ죬ޱڴ
ھ֮ʱ䲩ʯһס˶ˣȻָߣһơ
ôˣҶʵ
ûİ䲩ʯһۣ
Ҷϸȥ˿̳֮̾
ûס
ǰ䲩ʯұΪɶƫƫ͵
أԵͣȻƵĲС
䲩ʯٺ͵ЦһŶ˵Ҹ˵ȤŪǼֱٺ治ˡ
Ҷһۣǿ˶Էе뷨Ϊϲ𡭡
·̲ԶƬ֮˱ǳ˲ǰ
һһ֮䲩ʯƿĴŴŶ˽ȥ
εĵҶƵҪ̶һȫµʶΪֻǸõ֤û뵽ݶһ䲩ʯĴ֮¾ȻҪ֤
ɣһᡣ䲩ʯڽ˴֮󣬱ǴĴһȻǾӿЩˡ
ùҶֹסҪ䲩ʯ˵Ҷ죬Ȼһ̴֮ǰ
һЩΪʺѧ㲻Ҷ΢Ц˵
лˣ֡Ҷĵһл
û¡ﲻΪĻ˻֣ȻͻȻʲôһ㣬ŶˣԺǻǱ֡ҶôˣԵЩ֣ͽְɡ
ʵҶҲд⣬֮Ҳ˵⣬곤ңԺҾͽ磬ͽСɡ
ãҶļ򣺡ȥǱ߿Լţʲôʾҡ
ҶӦһȻǷͷѧ
˽ǳĿѧУþ޻
˿ҶѾǴԵķ˺üѧֻԹȻ֮ϵѧһЩսͣʮʺӡƴ䡣
ƽƷ
ҶеһѧȻĿ˸ʼ˼
֮ϳԵ˽⵽ѧȻǿʩչ֮ʱȴܲһʺڲܹõʼ벻Լ벽Χ֮ڡڼѧͰԪַѧһûʲôԵŵȱġ
ѧϰӡٺòˣ
Ҷѡ񣬴˿ǼֻͣϾͻصסúõоһ
뵽ڷѧߣ磬Ѿѡˣôˣ
תͷɫЩȵĵô찡㲻ϸѡѡֻǲ̫׵ġ
˵ʹҶߣҪҲһ飬ʹǼǣÿҲֻһλһҪ䲩ʯ顣ˣֻҪȾƾУ鲻ãǿɾҪһܹء
ÿǰһѡʺԼѧҲΪˣڿ˵Ƕеѧһŵ˽⣬ԲҶѡѧʱƼ
ˣҾⱾǳʺҡҶЦ
һ٣ҵ˵ҵͼ޵ѧȥûܳ׵ɾء
ŶɾҶɻʵ
û˵ѣӡƶй֮޲Ҫ˵Ҳ򵥣ֻҪͨеɾҲǿһٳɵġһ£Ҫ˵츳ˣ𲻹䣬ҲԴ仰˵ɵܹɾҲܹѧµġ
ҶԵ˵ͷ˵治һء
ม֪ʱ䲩ʯ˿һһ˵㵣ĸʲôֲһˡ
䲩ʯĻҲҶļ˵ҵˣƺڳˣЩ˼Ķ˵Ӧòʲô¡
ʲôвʲô£Сһ䲩ʯ˾죬ҿԸ㽲⽲еһЩš
˵ѾһȵĿǰߣƺ̫Լֵ׳󲮾Ȼܹϸ΢ɾ
ڣ䲩ʯмһΪǱС㿴ˡ
԰գֻ䲩ʯȻȻԪ˫۲Ʋݣһһ֮һ
Сӱ𶯣ʶʶ䲩ʯһЦȻ󽫴ǰ˹
䲩ʯƿһ֮ʱкȻһССֻԽתԽת֮侹ȻѾһԪУв޴Ӳİȥ
֮ʱоһ޷ܵӿԼԪаһ㱻䲩ʯ֮ǰˡ
˰ɣҸ㣬࣬Ҳǹɾġ䲩ʯ˵
˵һЩҵ˵ǲɾⱲӶ޷ѧġ׷ʵ
䲩ʯԵɫأߺ˵ʵһʼʱҲöδܴһҷһȼȤķȻҾͻˡ
䲩ʯ˵赭дҶһͷˮû˵ѧܼ֮ȼȤȺ£²⡰Ƥ˳˵İɡ
󲮣˵һЩҶߴһ䡣
䲩ʯٺһЦ˹ָʾҶ쵥
ȻҲȴǰǺҺԼܹ֮ǰɣʱ͵ҵĲ¡
εļҪεû뵽ԼٷĵȻʹĵĶע
ˣҲǡ˴һۣȻѧĶ
Ȼˣ䲩ʯСԣǲģ͵Ҷ˲һ䴦ŸνǼȼȤ̸Ҷ졣
ҶȻ򣬿䲩ʯĿǴС̫ˡζ
ô䲩ʯͦأظʵ
˷ȻȼȤллҶ˵꣬˶һۣЦֻһεĶ̾


35 Ԫܺĳ
һºң㳡̨֮ϡ
ء
ϴϪľľ׮ʹתţϵ׮Ҳͬһɿľ׮ĴҶ첻ϻȥ
׮죬ҶȴǸ죬ֻԸֲ˼ĳ̶תŲľ׮Ĺ֮УȻżҲᱻ׮ֻУ֮ͻһģİͼס塣
ת׮ײͼ֮ǻ̷ȥǶ
˿̨֮һСӰĿתĿҶ죬۹֮¶ϲɫ
Ҷ磬Ϣһɡľ׮ͣ£˪첽ǰȥóҶͷϵĺˮ
ҶҲЦȻܣȻ˪ͷ˵ôɣǲǷǳҰ
У˪ҶһۣС
ʲôгұӣҶãЦ
仰˵꣬Ҷ쾹Ȼ߳һ̱ðƣֱ˪Цͣ
ʱһӰʯ֮ߵ̨֮УڼҶ˪֮ɫ¶Ц˴˸к
ƽôˣԭƽǰʱأټҶæѾܾûƽˡ
£˵СѾܹԪʹõˣȻҪհһඣƽԴЦԴ˵
ҶͷЩ˼ĵһ󲮺˵İɣɱ˵ֻǿܹԪܶѡ
ƽһЦ˼ȻͱǫˣŪЩʲĶеȥˡ
ǺǺǣƽ磬ǲҶΪϿ˰˪ǺǵЦţ֪ԼǸȥٷ磬ʵȴŮ˻߶ж˵
ƽЦŵ˵ͷɲôǰҸϿΣʱһҸҴ·ˣʼҶˣҿҲҲʲôʵˡ˵գƽҶ죬װһԹģ
Ҷ״һЦȻ½󣬿ȿȵĵСƽӿˣ͸ʾһԪ㿪۽硣
ϽҹӲУװ󣡡ƽЦҶһѣȻɫЦˣ˵ģ˵ѾѰԪ͸ˣǲİ
Ҷ𻰣˪ԺŻشأҶղŻʾء
ƽһΪԺģٸкЦǳŲ˵˪ã㻹ûأ½ͻ߽綨ʱҲû˳
˪˪ѩɫ˲ΣˣߣȻתͷȥ֪ȥˡ
˪ȥƽҲǸӵ޼ɵ֮Ƕ˲߰Ķӡʲôʱɻ飬ʲôʱ򶴷ʱôֶ֮Ļ⡣
ЩȻŪҶͷޱȣֻƽզۿȳأû뵽ʱദȻС˵ɧ
һᣬƽЩ飬ȥúôһ١
ںܳʱûкʹˣҶҲûԥ¶ĳǰȥѰǡ
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ֻһ߲סͷһǰ֮ʱɻĿʵ˪ôˣһһ͵Ц
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ҶаЦȴûֳҲ֪磬ôҲˡ
΢΢һЦҶ칰˹ֵС죬ϲ˰˵ѾܹѰԪõˣ
Ҷ͵˶ͷһ£ε˵磬ɱ󲮺˵ֻǳհˡ˵仰ҶиֳһӰ˿ǸӰ˵һ㣬һȺΧм䣬Ϊ˽ҲĭɵĶ˴ͣ
ܣôҲˣŵܵƽʵ
һʣƽ֧֧Ҳ˵һ仰СǴԼĸǰ˵ѵġ
Ŷƽ̽ѧġҶ״æΧ
Ǻǣû뵽Ҳ֪ϽذЦƽļ򣬼˵ѵǵ˵ˣ
˵գҶһۣЦƽһΣεľۻҪˡ

Ҷס˿Χһˮ״ͣ
ȷְ취УƽĿǰˮĴףжҶ˵һʺš
ԭҶΪĲ̽ѧƽԴΪȻǰʯͷԼĽţڸ˵ֻ֮εŶҶס˿ҶҪʾ䲩ʯ˵ļȼȤϰ
˼Ƭ֮󣬿ڵҲĿУû뵽󲮾Ȼܹķ
ҲĿУѾԹˣȴܹܿɾ԰գҶ콫쵽ˮһ룬ȻԪֱ֮ӿۣ֮γһԪУȻγɵ䲩ʯνǲԶˮȴ˵˴˷ȷС
󲮵ոҵķһڴףȻȥϵĽϣԪɵˮתתܸܿܵɾˡҶ첹һ䡣
С죬а¾ѡˣڴﵽʲô綨ˣʵ
ʿڰɣưµʱͻƵʿӦò⡣ҶŵĻش
ɫ΢оɫţʱͻƵôг˵赭дԼʲȥǵʱԼµʱǿ쵽ġ
оȣƽԾͲˣֻŴ죬㵵˵㡢˵ʲôµʱͻƵʿҴ߶ߺͻƵ˶λµʱأ
Ҷεͷû뵽Լôһ˵ȻƽôķӦʵԼеƣӦǴﵽĶʿŶԵġ
ӦƬ̣ƽƽٴοڵˣţܲܲҪ˵ôɣʵ̫Щ޶۵Ļˡ˵գļ򣬴֮ͬ⡣
֮ȴȻ뵽ԼĽҶȻһЩҲʮʹﵽ߶ʿţԼܹ֮Ტۡ
С죬һǾ仰εѡ˶˵ӦβвյĶӦɣܵܣʱҪСİ֮ǰұ˵ѾĶʿʵڿ²ҲˡҶһ޳ı֮ٴκѵ
ҶԺǺһЦĿ֮еɫأлѣģѡ֮գҺ֮ʱʱұضӡ֮£
԰գҶԶңңȥĸ׵ĵط


36 ǰľ
ʱֵ¡˿еļ֮϶ǿտյ˼֪СͯżܹȻܹӰⲢΪ䣬һֺһĹ
ķǼйɵÿ궼һΡڼ䣬˺У·ߵ̯Ҳ̯λһɽѹֵķΧ
Ϊȹҹ֮󣬱һȵѡˡ
ѡ˵ڵĴͳÿһΣ֮˵νǷǳҪʢᡣ
һҹʱЩʲô
һ߽ߣǴӾŶߺڳɹͻʿ綨ǰԼϰѧ¯࡭
֮ʲôԭ򣬷е˶Ŭ׼ĳ̡
ҲáʿҲգֻҪ֮˼ĵ׶ЩͬһֻģǾǡΪһ
ѡ֤ԼóͨԼĲ㣬ʹҲѧܶ࣬ҪһӮˣĻԼһ;֮ϵҲǲġ
ѡʤ߿ǻõƺĻģ˶Σ׿ƽƵĻ᲻̸ҲԵõյĽֽ˵൱Ĳơ
⽱ӺζȻѡĲٰ췽ṩѡ֮ʱƼֻغһЩŴҲǰعۿѡһЩ˲š
˵ѡɸʵΪļٰ죬ʢȻҪķѾ޴ҲǿԲԲٰ췽ʵλһܼ֪ȣԲٰ췽ȻҪЩʣȴҲԿ
Ѿٰѡ֮࣬ȴͬı䡢졢ҹٰͬ졣
Ϊϲٰ죬ѡĽΪġˣĲ֮ҲԶԶĳǧ֮࡭
ڶҲζűڼ֮ڿܶ޷ɣҪǧ֮ӱǷѹҲǷǳ֮ġ

Уҹ
Ȼ岻ͬ˿¥Ÿ֮һƬ֮
ԭΪףѡ˿һ˵۹䲩Զ䲩ʯ֮⣬һ¡˪ãƽֵܣһٳ䲩˿̶ǳ
Ϊ֮˳ƽⶼ޷μѡģڲμϽѡֻԹۣ˪ͲϲҲǱų⣬ֻƽԲμӣʵ΢ҲǲûбԣξǻҶ졣
ҾĿǰ˵ҶıҲȷʵûʧ
顭
˿Ҷ˸ŵĽ⣬ȻǳԼİͼ
ͬʱֻͻȻӿԪУָϵȻ
ãԴһȲ䲩Զġ
С죬û뵽̶̵ʮʱ㾹ȻѾܹԪܺĵز䲩Զ˿̵۹֮οɫȻûпˣҶ콫سɴ
ǰСӵţ䲩ʯ˿Ҳɫš
Ҳɫ죬ȡĽݡ
ͷĸĿ⣬ҶҲЩ˼Լæʵ壬ѡˣ˵˴ƺҲǰǲǷǳ
ԣ䲩ԶĿ˸˵µòƺӦûˣֽһλͳ綨ĸ֣
ͳ綨ҶֹһΪҲûһܹﵽͳ綨
ûȻͳ綨ǴƺڵĵλȴǺܸߣӦǸƼɣ˵⻰ʱ䲩Զ䲩ʯ䲩ֵܶ΢΢Щ֮⡣
ŶﲻҲӮùѡͷôΪʲôûеƺڽأ
ô뵽Ǹ쵰أ䲩ʯ˻⣬͵˵ǱƺڷˣԭͲö֪ˣǵϷƺڵŮ˰ɣ
˵˵ЦЦ䲩ԶȴƺͻȻ뵽ʲôɫĶС죬ѡڵʵܹ⣬ʱҪǿ
䲩Զ˵仰ûеΪദҲҶԸǻõƺڽ޵ʸģʱҶ컹ȥѰ
һ˴ѡҶ첻ܶôпܴñʵ֮߳࣬ʱҶӲƴ˳˵һ׳ϴϾΪǰʱһѾ˫֮ĳٴһĲˡʹҶڷ룬ҲδܹŹҶ졣
ģзִġҶһЦ¶һİЦݡ
Ǿͺá䲩ʯ΢΢ЩǣڵõҶĴ𸴺û¡
ҲȥƺڿȻΪŮȴֽüʣԶڴ˵еƺҲǳ
䲩ʯȴǹһЦϴξ֮ʱԼĻǶЦʵУòѡͷҵи취
Ŀ˸Ǵڡ
СӣֻҪҸƺڵĶɼˡۣ֣δ˵꣬ǺݺݵŤһѣ˹ЦûûͰ
½㣬ƺǲǸҿЩ˼ˣȻͿ˳µȥƺඡ˵˿ǺЦŴ󲮵Ц
ԭڶСУµĹϵΪҪáԴ˿ҲǺǰЦ
Сӡǲˣһȭͷһ
Ц֣һƬ䲩ԶΪ֮˿ҲǸֳЦݡ
˺ȾƲȭʮ־ˣֱŽ
С졣䲩ԶסߵſڵҶ죬һлҪ˵
ҶʾƽߣȻٴλصλ壬ôˣ
䲩ԶҶļ̾һ˵С죬Ȼոϯ˵зִ磬֪㱨УԲô׷ģĲ֮࣬ȻȥûʲôҪ֪ʿ綨ÿͻƶǻԪ̶ȵģ֮ӵŷǳḻʵսġ
䲩Զһڲˮĵ˵С죬˵ô಻Ϊ𣬶㲻Ҫνðա˵䲩ʯһ£Ƭ̺ǿ˵Ͼ˪лԼҵľޱ֮һ뿿˪ȫԳ˽ĽǶ˵Ҳϣѡ֮гǿӶԼҲҸΡ
䲩Զ˵꣬Ҷȴûгԥɫ
ģҵңζѣһҹ֮䣡
Ҷޱȵļᶨţ䲩Զӿһ˿֮С
Сӣ㣡䲩ԶǣƱһ
壬ҶȻ֮Ҷͬٱȴ΢΢ЩдͳȷʵǸ⡣Ժôһ죬Լ׻ѡʲôأ


37 ʢ
Ƶá
򱱣ӰܶĦ࣬ȺһƬ־
ԭһƬԲʮĿյع㳡ÿͻһΣΪųʢѡϽС
ĹˣֻʱۼȺ࣬ѹѹһƬ
ȺĴΧʮ̨̨бţʮΪֱǼޡޡޡޡޡޡޡޡޡޡ
ٳΧЩֵĹڣȺȦǽҪѡˣЩ˷θ죬еˡеǴе͹Ǵ˿̵ǶͬһݣǾˡѡĲߡ
˿ÿ˵϶˷ܵɫһĦȭڴѡ֮ո¶ͷǣӴ
ҵ
һۻɤѹее˶ǲĿȥȻԶķֿһͨ
һӰ˵ߵУֻ䲩ԶΪף䲩ʯ䲩ң¡ͳ켶ҵСһӣȻҲǶѡڴ
ѡĲٰ췽֮һԴ˿̵õҵĻӭһ˵ȫվ֮󣬳ҲǱҵ
̨п̨ĸˮһӦȫֱΪ壬ҡҡرõģʣµǴΪһЩҪר衣
Ĵ̨ǳʰԲ״ǰʮ̨Χġ̨ĸߣ߾ѣĹۿʮ̨
˿䲩ԶЯһ˵Ѿڿ̨֮ϣһμӱҶ졢ƽûгλǵѡֱĵطȺ򱨵ȥˡ
ҵ
˸²ãңңĿԶһǵ볡Ҳٴεķո볡ʱҳ̶ȴЩѷɫˡ
ҴͷһʮӣĿ׶ͻ˲Ҷ࿴һۡߵһʮͷӣһϮڳۣɫգŷȫ͸һ˿а֮ǰӱǸͷǵһЩСֵһᡣ
֣ò˰䲩Զڼ֮˹֣һ䡣
䲩ԶԵȻҵĴͷ֮ˣҼԣ
Դ˿Ҳǹ˹̨֣ȥԶ֣
˸ԿһڿŶԷĿ֮Ƕһ˿ײɫ
ҲǸֶԺ˽µȴͬʱ
ȫ¶ĶŶˣ
ûرôˡ
Ǳȣѹʼձѹš
ĿͶһСۣһ͵͵Ǻӡ
ȻĶʦʵ֪ǺεȵĲЩܹӹĶ䡣ֻλվȻɤӣ˵ˣһȺӬһ㣬˺գұˣ
ұˣ˵ֵʱɤͻȻθߣѹȻһεӲڳ˵Ķ䵱УΪ񣬱˵ͨĿͣһЩʵԵ͵˴˿̶Ƕۡ
˲䰲ȥɫֵĵͷȥȥ̸ۡΪ︸׵Ц⣬жԼŶӴչԵ⡣
ſ񰡣ڸ˵һ䡣
â¶Ը̫ѳɴ¡䲩Զͣϣ˵
һ£дֱƽĹ㳡֮д˿̾Ȼֻ䡢ҵ˵
ƽãֱҵĵűơ
ҵ
ڼ̩Ĵ»볡ߵҵĸ֮࣬һȫѵȴԵļΪۡ
թ𣬱ҵİԵȻҲѡĲٰ췽֮һǵõĻӭȴСҵһ붼Ȳϡ
̩˲뿴̨ңңҷֵ֣Сٶ
Թʾ⣬һȴδ˵
Զֽ֣̩ȭת䲩ԶĿ֮ȻǴк⡣
䲩ԶҲֻ΢΢һƷ˲ˮٿ
䲩Զӣ̩˲ȼһŭ𣬳Զ֣ҵһӰ
Ǻǣ̩˵Цˣٺõӻܱȹô䲩ԶָȻҶ죬Դ˿Цһһ䡣
̩һйӣһǴ˴ζߵһǰЩ챻ҶȥƵ䲩Զһ̩ʱðɣ⻰ҪǱûʲôΪԭĶΪ䲩Զָ̩᲻䲩ԶԾڷһ¡
ȳ÷ټʵȷʵȲңֻ̩ǿѹŭ𣬺һ֮󣬷޷޵λк޵䲩Զҷģ㣡
̩ոһ̣дֻԶ̳ɿʻĻа˹ģĻӡ
˻̨֮ǰ
ϲϵ°ˣЩȻθ죬Ŀ¶⣬ƣȻҪ
쵽ģǱҽӴסһһǲǰȥȡνǰŵļΪܵ
˿̰˷׷׶ҵļ⣬䲩Զԡ̩ȻҲӦ̨ӭӡ
ǰӭϿ̨ȻֱĿ׺һ֮ҵļһ׼صԼԭλӡ
ȻΪ磬˭óҸ˼Ϊ˳Ǹ֮⣬һǳ괩Բ̶£һϷǧ֮ɽΪĺˣһǴƺʹߡ
֮ʵ̶̩ر飬ΪҪ׳󣬲ֻҪиѹ󣬻ư֮ȴҲǱزٵġ
ԺǺ˸ӵĺģΪǰǺ˳·ϲǿǿᣬԶ֡çӢۡǸӷ
䲩Զȴǲͬÿ̸Ц֮ʱʲôԶ֮У²ɢһֲȡ
䲩ԶҪصҿ̨֮ʱһԽס
ǰȥֻ˶ʮͷüۡĿǣǱñȽﶼǲضáʵʵǾˡ
ʮﵽͳ綨ƺʹߡ
Ŷ׹кμ̣䲩ԶȻ΢ɻ֮⣬ȴҪԼ˵ʲô
֪¡ǿʵ΢΢Щ졣
СŮ¾Ǳߣ׹ҪѰֻܸǰȥǡ䲩Զƺڱ˰ͽᶼĴʹ߲ûʲô߿֮
ŶãллһһȥѰɡƬ̣ƺû׼̼ĸо
Ǻǣ׹⡣䲩Զ˵תȥصҿ̨֮С
һӦ˵Ƚѵ͸ѡֱǩĻˡ
ֻһλ׷ͯյ߻еĹ֮ϣȻۻ룬;ѡʼ


38 ǩ
һ£㳡ྡͷҲͬʱײӵ
ۡ
ԶԶ˿ȥʮ죬ҲԤʾĵʮ˽ѡʽʼ
ֹͣҲʹڴѡʽĻ
񡭡ǰ׷߽ϳĿ⾴ңңľһˮ֪Զ
ߵľٶǿ̨֮ϵ壬ǹ㳡֮еΧۿֻͣҪ˵صĿׯңңԶȥƺ˵е¾
Ȼ߿е˵Ĳǵ綨۷ǿߣָĴڵһʦһ綨ҽѧĴ
νڵĴͳѡд
˿£Ŀ֮оη֮ɫӿֱ׷߽ˮ
ϣʱѵԿʼˡһС˿첽Ϲޣ԰׷߹˵
Ϊϵİ׷߳˵ͷȻɤӣһ֮Ȼʱѵһʼǩ
䣬̨±ٴγСˣֻߺвѡгʮӣȻֱǰʮ̨֮ϱǩ֡
ճ˵ⱨǩֱûʲôԷȴǲͬ˿ֻһŴ·ƿˣȻĵطţŸӣ
龰㳡֮еĿͶʱһƬǺָָ
û뵽ȻֳˣǶ˰
ǰ߾ȻûУҪӮѡƺڽ޵ʸǱô
ﻹʲôֱǰľȥˡ
̨µϣ˿̨֮̿ϵĴǵƽֻ࣬ϱĵɫȴҲһ
˭תͷźСˡ
Ŷ׹ӵĻǱζĵһѡҼĴ
΢΢ҡҡͷû˵ʲôɫпԿΪȻҲǷǳϲ
ҿ̨֮У̩˿ɫǺ죬û뵽ԼӾȻ˲ʶ塣ǰ֮ʱǰѡ׿Լ֮ԷҪһѣ֮ǰΪǰҵˡ
С˻ȥ
һȰӼ¼СжֽʵһŤͷȥֻŭݵĶԼŭĿӡ
˵ĸ֮ҪȻǱȥΪϿʸϵĳѾʮѡʵɲ⣬˵СС̩䲩ԶԵҲǶмӡ
ٺ٣ĪҪȺҲֻ߸ѣĲôڨЦ˵ѾеĲѡˡ
˻ȥ˻ȥôϻۣǳ⡣
ϡ
粵ǸȴǴһĻȥѵСѾϷ򶼲ô
ۼ϶ŭҲֻ˻ȥɫͨӡһĻʱΧۿͺȻЦ
̨ۣ֮ϵ̩صĽϣ˿첱Ӵˡָѡ棬û뵽ûʼСӾȻȶһƤ
˻ضУȻɫʣȴҲ΢ʡ
Լʱ֮ϣһ嵥͵˸ϵС
ѡѡֹǧİϳǩʼ
Ÿϣѡٴ̨ȻȡԼǩš
չѡȡǩţȻӦѡֽս磺һǧġǧپʮšǧپŰˡԴơȻʤ߽֮߳תֱԾ
˻Уٴζǩŵѡֶڴɫ鿴Լ鵽ǩš
һʮ壬Ƕ٣һǩѡֺĴ֮˵ǩš
һǧ߰ٶҵĶǶٰڶ࣬Գ鵽ĿǩŵѡҪԼĶǶٺҲЩѶȣһǧ߰ٶʮѡ־ָͣﻹϵֹţ⡭̫˵ɡ
ҶڵǶޣ˿Ҳոճǩţ򿪿֮дߺš
ԼǩţҶҲ΢΢ЦЦҵȥķաҵĶָǧپʮĺš
ģһ
ޣҶֻһ֮ټװۣҶѭҲǺ׵ľͿƿڴ
ǧһʮ壡ô㰡صһŨ̵һƦåģ
ǩ֮ҶоȻʧĸоϾ˿̳˾ǰҶ޲õһ־ֱνȲġ
ǩʱҪ࣬һҵʱǿҪǩϣѡֶڽͷӶǩŵ⣬һʱ䳡˵ͣΪա
һȡǩţҲٴηҾһ̨֮ϽгǻĶǩţʮ̨ͬʱʼȶһ˽ڼޱȶڶʮޱȶԴơڶ࣬ԽıȶʮÿǰһʮȽУʣµһʮѡѡۿ뿪жᡣ

˵ͬʱ졣Ȼĸ̨֮ϸ߸ߵĴ޴ϴֱǣѡλǩһһг
ãҶ˰ɣڿʼ㵽ǩ̨˳̨Ŀɨɨһѡ֣ʼһŶǧپʮźţڼ޵Ⱥ򣬶Ŷǧʮ˺ţ޵ȺŶǧʮߺţڱ޵Ⱥ򡭡
ҶǩߺţҲǺܿı㱻ڸ޵Ⱥ򡣶λ֮Ҳһͬ˿ȣҶͣ
ڹ޵Ⱥ򡭡
Ǳ߸ϵȻϴڶ࣬һʱҲˡȺŵѡҲǳĿʼͶϣܹ׳Щǰ׼
㲻ǸҶɡҶĶһʮͷӵ׳ʵ꣬˿ָҶ죬㵵ʵ
Ҷ쵭ĻӦ
ҶĻش˲ӦƬ֮һĶͷڵأ߲ѵ˵ʲôⲻ˷ʱ𣬻ؼҿǮţ
ô˿̵ĸ֮ѾвѡֵȺߵĶ֮׷ǰҪ֡
֪òǳ鵽ɣһЩֻʵ
׳ʵһָҶ죬Ȼص̾˿
˳ָȥֻһݣ˸˸һ޹Ĳ֪޺Ǻá
ǡ
԰˭ţ
˷ʣֻǰЩ졣ȻҶȵ𣬵ڽ丮ֺС˪氵пҲ˲ٵĹڵԭǸ˶ٲȻǴвͬټԼ߶˴˿Ȼ죬Ҳûϳ
Ҷ죡
һ꾪һϳҶ졣
ϸĴƬ̣ȻͬʱȻҶ죬ôһ̨
նٰ¡ǰǷڼӡҶЩһٲȻżһĴڣϳҶ֮һǱֳһִ˸Сóı顣Ϊ˭Ҳ֪Լҽһֻ¼֮Ƿš
˾̾ҶǸֲˣֻĹĵ˵һ̨ǺʲôĺǶҸж൹ù
˿̵ҶпνĪıŤԼҲ̫ˣŪúԼ۸һ㣬˿ԼҲһԼζƺԼͲǫ́Ӧμѡһ㡣
ҵĴôѵҲдҶεţ˿һΧģѾƵһԸӵĳ̶ˣֻܰű㿪ʼЩ˸͸λԼһ·
ѡϣλѡһѡ价ʽʼǻٴѡַڽˡ


39 ѡһ
һʱת˲ţŸͭ࣬ѡڴĻʽʼ
ѡҪֱʮ̨֮Ͻбȶĸ̨㳡֮еĹںѰеıȶ۵ףǴ˿̳һЩ֧Լ֮⣬ص߶ۼΪʵһ̨֮ǰ
ҲΪĳ̨ǰ˳ӵе̨Ӱ䡣
̨ޡ
˿̸֮ǰɽ˺ֱռΧۿ͵֮ʣµ֮һķɢľŸ̨ǰҲΪ̨ϱȶ֮ЩʲôϵԲŶ
Ҷ졣ȻѾϳҶ컹òĹ˹֣Ķֱ֡
Ҷ֣ҲǰǸ׳ʵĬƬ̣̾һ֮εĻһ񣬱ȭ档
Ҷֵܶͽ̡Գ׳ʵ˿ɫҲϾѡʢ˭Ҳ׵ķʹ֪ûʤ㣬Ҫһԡ
ҡҶһ䣬Ȼƽ죬һõƣ룡
Ҷ˵֮ҲǲٿףһһȭϮ
Ҷ첢ڶܣд˵ʵٶӦ߶ߺңδϰѧ
飡
Ҷ漴Լ֮ʱȭȭȭԷһ죬˸һ
ô¡һɣ뷨ǾȫһԼҶĲൽжѣû뵽˿̾ȻҶ졭
һĻ̨Χ۵ĿǶʱˣ׷׾СӽɶȻܺҶƾУ
ǰǰôûﰡ
ѡԻ
˿ֻ̲Щ̨֮ͣϸ֮еҲ΢΢
Сô£Сӷֻ߶ߵʵѣѵӲô䲩ԶĿɻ
Զ֣Ŀ̨֮ϴһȻ䲩ԶȴδˣӦ
䲩Զ̧ͷȥֻ̩һЦĿԼڵҵôˣѵѾŵ˵ĵزˣ
̩˵ЦˣҶɲʲôţ߶ߵʵֻǲ֪ϴΪʲôӮҵĹӶѡ
䲩Զ˵Ӯֵʱʱ̩ɫͨ졣һŻָɫȴ̫磬Ҫʵʱ򡭡ǺǣӦĵɣ
ĵɵУ˵Ҷ죬Ҷأ˵գ䲩ԶһѵЦ
㣡̩ٴα䲩ԶġСĸִ̼ˣʵǶ칦̩䲩ԶĶ֡ϲȣٴγ˱ҲֻǴ̣
۳Уֻƺһ㣬˿һ˫ȭ磬еơ
ҶҶ㣬ǧһ֮ʣʱʱĳַȻҲûռʲôͷٲȻһѹƵģΧۿʧ뿪аŷ֮ʣµĴҲǷ׷ΪȻЩʤĸо
û뵽Ͱһȭӳͬʱ³⼸֡
Ҷһ漴Цһ¶̫Һοװһƾеģ㾹ȻЦңҲûҪˡ
뵽ҶһƻȻ̽ٶ֮죬ֱǸղŵࡣ
飡
ȭӣһУԶԶĵ˳ȥڱɵʱûзӦĨЦδȫչǱȡȥΪŤЦ
ҶһĻ²㿴˸ףԭǰֻǫöѡ
ŰֻҪһ˲͸ߵˣ
û˵ҶҲ˵Ĳô
ΧĺȲţ˷֮УȡʤҶ졣ķΪеûôʧǸȴսӰٲȻѾΪڶƶ౰΢֮еż
Ҷ첢ûж̫أֻǽɶѡԴ˿ҲǻҶǰǸĵԲˣҸոա
û£㻹ǺܲġղмʽĲƵСҶ쵭һЦļ
Դϲ𣿣
ȻҶĿϿң˿ûʾο˼
Ҷȷ֮Ƭ̣ƺû뵽ȻܹõŵĿ϶һ㡣
ʱһλС̨ѯһ䣺֪λѡֿɷѷʤ
Сһʣɫ˲Ͼڱ֮кɫº̫ġ
ˣˣҶֵʵȺǸʰ·硣æ
áҶ买˹֣΢Ц⡣
滹Ȼת̨ˣҶĵһֱʹ˽ҲǺĽ
Ҫȱֵһʮȫɱ֪֮ܵԼĶ֣֮Ҳ׼ȥƽ̨ƽǩҲڵһֻ֣֪ü
ƽĴĹޣλÿ˵ǳ˿̨֮õĹۿ㡣ҲΪԭԹΪӵĿͲǰȥۿ޵ģǶֿԱ̨ı˶֮졣
Ҷһ·ͷڿڣ͵ƿ˹֮ǰʱѾǺ䤱ˡβԶ·Ȼһյʱʱ䡣
ƹϲ˶ˣҶƵšǿ̨֮ʱȴ֪Ǿϲǵǵķ֣ƽȻͶִڴսС
転ȭһȣֻƽĶȭӰأֶ
֣ҶͷһźţΪβҵС
顭
ϴƽȻӲӲĺǸСѡֶԾ
ãôȥƽҪԴģҶƽΪƽϰѧһֳ־÷ѧΪƣԴӲԱƵķ転ȭȻǼ㡣
ȻһյʱƽѾǰ¶СƵ˺
ãһ̨֮ϵԼ֮ҲǺһͷ˲ѹеСĶС
ǱĹ֮Ҳƴ𣬿һȫһͷȻҲҪһ
ƺ˵һƽȴ΢΢Цһ¡
ȻֻȻŤܹȭͬʱ̽ر仯ƾ棬²ؿӡȥ
飡
Ӧƣڻǵڵء
ƽʤС˿첽̨
ڼһ֮ҶҲЦ⣬ƽߣһȭ֮Ц
ǺǣﰡҪҵãⳡҾˡƽҶ죬Ŀ֮димζ

ͭٴѭȥֻ֮ϴ˿Ҳʤѷ֡ˣѡһֵıѾ
ϢڶֳѡϿʼ
ڽÿ̨֮Ͻаʮ峡ֵҶƽ֮ʱˣԴ˿Ҳ׼̨֮Ϻһۿ
뵽̨ȥ


40 һδƽ
캮ȴΪ㡣
Ϊոչλѡֽ˳ͨ˵һ֣Դ˿̵ҿ̨֮ϻЦﲻ
С졢ƽϲˡ䲩Զ΢Ц⡣
壬ʲôùϲģҵĿʶһģƽظŵ˵
ƽģ䲩Զû˵ʲôƽĵ䲩ȴһڣ˵Ӯ˸ѡһ͵ˣ
ǰذ˵ľأȻô˵пԿڵܵܵȡʤǺܸ˵ġ
ˣȤ仰Ҷ˵ģƽ˷ۣȻҶǰ
⻹࣬˵Ҷʵֿܵġ䲩˵
лл佱Ҷ΢ЦӦ
ˣС죬ڶӦϾͿʼˣҲϸ䲩ԶҶ֣ʾԼߡ
áҶӦһȻ䲩ԶߵĿλϣȴʵ壬С˪أⲻλô
䲩Զ΢΢һЦָָĿ̨˵ȥǱ߼δĽȥˡ
Ҷ˳ǰָķȥֻһʷǷĹӻЦ̸ţ˪ڽʱʱЦȻ֪ʲôȤ顣
Ƶε
˿һϮ³㣬ǹͬҲǰɫۣ˿ƣƮţɲŮòһԡĿյ֮

ͭٴ𣬸̨һ£ѡڶֿʼʮ̨֮Ϸ׷ѡ̨
ҶһڲˮлЩղִ粽еĸо˿̨̿ϵİݼֱ˼
ңĽ
һԽ𣬴ӣҶĶУ˲˻ѭȥֻ֮һʵֻܣ緢š
ĽҵڶѽĶӡ䲩ԶҶ콲һ䣬˵ȻЩŪ˼ǴҲȷʵЩʵĶʿڰɡС죬ҲΪļ֮һ
Ҷ˵ͷĿϸȥ
д˿̵ƺ͸ղ޼Χۿ͵ķ̶ֲȻΪۼľĽڵޡ
ĽҲЩͷֻԼû˵ҶţǰߵĿǸϸЩ
ֻĽλѡֲ֪˵Щʲô˱Ѿ̨֮˵ӰӶһδεĶԻһδεķֿƾС
ǺǣĽгЦζġ佱˶һ䡣
ĽӹˡĽĶȻζȻֹȴЩľζ
ڿʼҿɲˡĽЦһӰٴαԪӿϯ
ǱĽҸҵĳӣ˵ʵѾﵽʿ綨ҵпνϣ֮ǡ
Ľֻʹȫ㵽ףȻڼȻĽ̬Ȳرơ
񻢰ȭĽһֱ֮Ԫ΢΢óӰҵϵѧƽƷ񻢰ȭ
ѧɷ転ȭҼԵĸĽ£ǽԭֱ̫¶ȱơ±Ľʹ֮ʣĹҲסҪƣ˵νǼΪѵС
Ȼ۹һ˿ɫʧֻӰãת˲֮ǰȻһԪǽľʵʡ
ԪڣĽһƺû뵽ûԼȻܹʹֻƽƷѧԪڡ
Ҫ֪֮ڣѧǹѧͳΪķѧͼѧѧΪϡ١ͨ˵κηѧϸ߳һ׵Ĺѧǿ׻乥ƣͬ׶ԾȻĽռκαˡ
磡
һ죬˲еĿ⡣
ֻĽ񻢰ȭľ޴ػԪ֮ϺӰɶأʮֱ̨ԵվȡȻԪڱ飬ֻؿѣ״
Χ˶ʱһľղŵһζԾ˵Ǳѡе˳ԾһĻˡ
ĬĬȻĽܣ
ǺǣԪѾ飬㻹ʲôѹ׵ľУʹɣԪ飬ĽʱĴȥով亹󣬴һٴϡ
ҵĸ壬ҲǻĽҵЩ˽ġղŽľʵʵԪǽѾʮֲˣԪַѧȻΪǿһ飬ʿʵҪٴϼѡ
ȥɣĽһԼ֮ǰԼһӵܣĽ˿̵Ƿɱ⡣
磬Ľڿնλ㱼侹ͬһͷͻһ㣬ȭ֮Ԫӿӿжͷ
Ľ̫ݶˣֻǸѣõô
˭˵أ
ⲻҵһô
Χۿͷ׷СָĽ˵ͬʱ۾ʱʱ̨֮ϵϼۡ
ǿúӣϧˡ䲩Զҡҡͷ׼ٿȥ
δأ㿴ҶĿ⾼ȻעΣҵ
УĽ޴ԽԼһȭɫ˿ģֻ۽΢΢鶯ƺʲôһ㡣
ȥɡ
Ľ񶾺ȻδɢȭѾ֮ǰ
˿ֻҪǹۿⳡȶ˶Ǳס˺ֽĹͷ
ҵģ
һǧһ֮̽ӭĽȭͷ
ûʲô𣬵˵Ӱ綨һ㣬˿˿վ˵ͻ֣ᷢǵȭƸûдһ𣬶ǻһμΪϸ΢ķ϶룬Ԫӿݡ
ĽŵĿ֮УֻΪģԪ˿˿ۣϵɢת֮侹ȻٴһľʵʵԪǽ
⡭ⲻܣĽغ
ոձƵԪٴγֻ֣һԭܹͣǾѾԪڵķյ˳ԽƷ׵ļ¡еһЩѧűǿ԰ѧ̶Ʒ޶Լǿѧ
ˣĽӣкɫһһֻƺȻӰûصĻնĽǰ
ѧ転ȭ
һȭƴ֮
ĽԶԶĵ˳ȥص̨֮⡣ѪӿȻ˼ء
̡С죬ܴ˲Ķ֡䲩Զɫ侪̾Ҷ˵
Ҷ˿ҲǴջĿ⣬оȻһѪڵĸо⣬Ķô
ϰѧ£ͻƷ޶Ҷ쿴˿Լ˫֣˫Ѿܹգ֮¾ӡ˫֣֪ǲҲͻ˰ӡƵļޣ
뵽Ҷٴȥϵģ˿̲Ǵĺ⣬ȻҲԼ
Ҷ죬ϣĶԾУܹ㡣עҶ죬ʱҽַϵ˫ۣ𣡡


41 һ
Ƶʹѡĵ졣
ֽΪֹǧİѾٶԣ
˿̨̣֮ϡ䲩ԶĿصĿУֻ֮ӰĲֺ
ǧİ˵ڵĶˣʮ֮ࡣȻ̨ܹϵȻҲѾһЩʵѡˡ
⺢ӲֻϧҶ졣䲩Ŀ֮΢֮⣬˵
ûúҲǸ˲š䲩ԶҲĵ˵ͷ
Ҷ챾ֵֽʯһСе̳ʵһʿ綨һֻƽƷѧնʹĸľھʮֱȶҲ΢չâһ·˵Ҳٺ
Уޡ
նһӰɣԪӿȻԼóӰǺʯ֡
ȰϬӰϮҶҲһʺȣ֮еһһԼͼ˲ǰ
飡
Ӱͻڰͼ֮ϣȻ죬Ŷ˸˿ཫԷʱ׼һֹơ
Ȼ˿ǴӸղŶԻĽѾһĿȻΪӰɢΣͼȴ˿ûļ
ҵ߷ѧԪܣжʱһƬ
ȥҶҪͶֲܾãȻǺĽȴûдϵ𺳸С
ڰԪܵĳ֣ȺѾҪҶڴĿٴȼеڴ
ܣʮʱܰѰԪõô䲩ʯŤͷʵ
䲩Զ΢΢ҡͷȻһڲˮ۹֮ЩοɫпǱԶҶ֮ϰ
۳У˿̺ʯɫ죬ȻԼ˵ҶĴû뵽ȻԪȷѧѾա
Ҫ֪ͬѧ֮УֻҪ˫ʵ಻ǺܴôѧǿԽѧȫֵģ˵߳ն׵ģƽƷԪˡ
뵽ʯ¶һ˿ɥɫûаԪʤĿԶǵ͵˼㣬һֱӷ˷ʱˡ
ʵʯҲһв˳ùĵˣԸ߳Լһ׶ܹʩչƽƷѧҶ죬ŵ˵
ңںҶ콻ֵζԹ֮УҲԵĸоǰ߸ûþȫ˲ʵûó
Ҷ֣ӮˡʯȻвʣʵʵܡ
á֮ʵһнġҶһĹűԼܵĶ֣Ϊִܸжһ˵Ӱ죬һֱö֣ʹӵѹԵʵǲϸʮغǾԲ׻ֵܶġ
㼪Ҷ֡ʯ˹֣Ͽҵĵڣϣ֮ѡ֮һܹ㡣
ҶҲǹ˹֣Цٻᡣ
Ҷ˵꣬ʯת̨ȻͷҲصȻȥˡ
ʯҲǸӦǿɽѰɡţҶٴλص˿̨֮ϡ
С죬ʮ˳̣ͷֱָͷĽడ䲩Զ˵
Ǻǣ壬ʮ˳̵ĿɲֹһءҶָָ̨֮ڱȶѡ֣΢Цش
䲩ԶԵ˵ͷ֮֮أǫȴֲʧϸͣС죬ĺ緶
Цˣǫҵǿܣƿǿˣ֮ԲμѡҪĿľɱˣһ˵˵ҲһЩɽصѧִӺ̸ءҶãҲǺ䲩ԶƤӡ
Ĺ֮˵ָŶ֣ʵͬ綨пûܹغϰɡ䲩ԶҶļ򣬼˵ɱڣижġ
ҽ
ͻȻһŭѼĺУҶ䲩ԶĶԻ
Ѱȥֻ֮ϣһϮĶͬѪħһӿնԪӿӰȻֳӥհƣŵĶȥ

һҺǰ߶ֵӰ˲䱻ǣԪĵ֮侹ȻҽϴȥֲҾ徵ĸо
Ȼ»ĵѡֵлʵߵġ䲩Զ
Ҳˣһ·ͬݿ࣬ÿλĶû߹غϣӦѾﵽʿĳ̶˰ɡҶ˿ҲĿأнҪɱǿڵҲǲòˡ
ֹˣӥʹƾԲֹڻƽƷѧѡ
Աߵ䲩ʯ֪ʱҲ˹ǺһЦҲп۵ʱ򰡣ʹĿɲӥգҲӥƵĵأӥʽ
ʲôӥʽǿǻƽװƷѧ䲩ԶԻȻվʵһʼҲʹӥգû뵽ȻܹﵽԦӥʽĵز
ȷûпô䲩Զ侲Ƭ̣ΪԼÿ͸ͯһ㣬˵˵֮£Դ˿ԼҲòٶȷһ顣
⻹ܿѵСʱǽѡôҲǰ̩ӥʽ˵䲩ʯͷƺһԼĳ˵ЩΡ
壬ӥʽǳôѵԪܶ޷ֵô䲩ԶķӦҶʵ
䲩Զ̾˿ȻſڵС֪ӥʽڹѧеı࣬ЧͰӡƣʩչѶȴҪ׺ܶࡣѧԪ޴ʩչ֮ҲкΪ̡
˵䲩Զһ٣ɫأⲢ֮ܳΪ㣬Ϊӥʽһʩչǿ˲佫ʮʮһ֮ͬУ˭ͦĹȥء
䲩Զ˵꣬˲Լͬпȥ
ֻС̧Ÿոպλˣһ࣬ƺż̧߾һ㡣⣬ĿɨܣסˣҽԺҵĶ˭ٸʳ˭⣬³ͻһ
˭أո˵꣬Ҷǵȴޱڳлص
ǰԻȻתѭȥһ۱㿴ԼЦҶ졣
Ұ֣ҵܵܣأŭգ޲ϳϿ̨Ҷ˺ˡ
˭㾹ȻȻһҰ֣ѵҰְҶһЦŲſ̨֮ȥ
˿̻ûĴ򶷣ΧۿڼҶڽ֮󣬹ϵķ˵ǰıĿ৵һ£ȫۼ˵ϡ
Ҷ컺ǰţҲ۽ǳ鶯ʱ׼
ǶһȵţһǶߵţǿǿԾ¾Ҫǰݡ
˿̣ѹǣ绮еտνǽŵ˼£֮սһ
վסʱۻƺ΢ŭ⡣
Ҷͣ½ŲҲͬʱϿȥ
ѡĹѵǲ֪ôҲʲô˽𣬵ֻҪѡѡ־͸ҹԹԵڼĹأ˶ԷļҲ޹أ˵ŭһȻ԰ףһεѹȴȻɢ
ϲִ£ڶ࿴ٲȻҲһʧ˭Ҳҳۡ
Ұ֣Ҽסˣñڽı㣬ĻĿ壬ڲһɱ˵Ķ
Ǻǣڱ㣬Ļǹܱܵ⣡Ҷ΢̣˿ķ
Ǿƣһ˦Ц˼֮תȥ
Ҷ춢ǰߵıӰĿɨҷĿ̨֮ϣаȻˣԾһ˽ᡣ


42 ǰģһ
ʱ㱣תۼǹȥ졣ѡԽУʣµԽǾӢСȱ֮ǰν˲١
Ǽˣ쵱УԭĶҲֻʣ˶ѡ
죬˵нѡǰļס֮ǰִҶһһʱ;ʤѡΣıԳƵǿǿԾ侫ʳ̶ȲԶ
ˣ֣ȶԾȻҪÿͶ۸ԸϾͬʱУһһ飬ֱĵĹ֮ϱ
˿̣㳡֮кϣ˶ΪԼֵ֧ѡֶҡźţкߵ֣Ҷ֡
ҿ̨֮ϣɫɺޣеĲ豭ڷһȻըѣˮܽȥ
ģûãҿ㻹ܷ⵽ʱаšΪȺ֪ͶǸҰ֡龹ȻԼŻҪߣڶҶĸоѾǵĳޣתΪ˳ļʡ

ļһҶԹƣȶʼ
ͭ£漴ǻֻй֮Ӱ׷һȭ֮󣬽ĵһֱҲʽĿʼˡ
ʹȫɣÿʵһɷ꣬鼴ɿĸԸ֮⡣
ҶҲ𻰣ֻ΢Ц⡣Ŀ֮ҲΪƼȻܹߵһѾԲ֮ǰЩֿɱȵˡ
һֱע㣬ûоȫңҪóѹ׵ıˣ˵գƽüһӰߵ˲䱬չ˹ơ
ĺãԴ˵ԸҶҲǱ˶־ֻĿ⣬ӭŹƶȥ
תۼ䣬˼һȭȭʯԪݷ졣
䣡
һӲӲĶײ֮ӰʱֿۿǵɫӦǶûд󰭣һغ϶˶ƾС
ľӡӡأʹƳҶƺҶûʹӡƶЩŭ
ʤ㣬һӡԡҶ쵭һЦ˱Ϊûʹðӡƾ϶֮Ҳʲôˡ
Ǻǣ㻹ͦѵΪԼѾǸôƲмһЦȻжҶʵŴɡ
ҶҲŭȻҵ㣬һ㹻Ǯһѵģ
˵գأӰǿӳ;ָ仯ӡ֮
ǰӣĻűˣҶĹаһ䡣
ýһȣֱջȦֻԲȦԪۣת˲֮ǰȻһԪ
ȷʵЩ¡Ҷ΢΢̣ܹԪľʵʵĹƣԸ߿˼֡
͡
ƽԪУն֮ʣƿ졣
ãƯΧۿڼƵԪ̲֮סһȲʡ
ýƽƷѧҶӦ첻ʲôв䲩Զ˿ڲ裬˵
һҶĶְɣ˪ЦʵҶ죬ǳĵġ
䲩Զ˵ͷ˵ǲη壬Ǳѡ֮ԭֻҵģǰȴͻȻһ
ŵĿ֮еɫ˪ҲеǣСʵҶ᲻
ҡҡͷ䲩Զ̾һ˵֮ʱʵĶʿ綨ǼǱذˡ
ǺҶгǡ˪쾪
û䲩Զḧ˸Ů㷢˵˪ѵˣҶ죬һϴ𺳵ţҲ̫ģĿԴͺˡ
԰գĿһͬת̨£µĽǵԵӰȥ
УƹҶƾǹĪνȥͬʱÿӡҲǱƵùƲò˳
űȶĽУҲԽԽľһʼҶҲѾɢΪڣԼȻǰߵķѧԪܶûбƳ
쵰ôһҰҲ˷ܻĴһٴϡ
Ҷ첻мЦЦδȴԽ㣬ƫƫԽҪ㣬㲻ΪҰôҽúøһֱӵĸо
͡
ݺᣬԽԽܣһεĴҶ
һĻΧۿ˲䱬һƬǴŵ컹ûü֮ʱ𾪵һĻȴǳǰ
ֻҶ첻֮оȻһ˿δϯĽֻȻһЦȻ˫ָȻٷһȻģ
Ұ־˿ңҶҪȫʬƺӿҶص뷨֮
ýڶأýնһֺȻƳһɵԪ޽ռ䣬β֮ҶȻȥ
˿̣ǰĽѾҶϣ˶һ󾪺Ȼ˿Ҷ죬ϺɫǷһ˿ɫ
顭
ͻȻֻҶ˲óͼס˽Ĺ֮ײ֮׷׺ȻɢΪΡ
Ȼţʵɣ
ַЩѡֵмֱ޽ⰡΧۿͶʱһƬڴѾõҶڿʼչ¶âˡ
У飬Ŷһɵľ޴ƺ˵Ҷͷ
ȻЦҶ죬İһ䣺Ұýס㣬ֻҵƶѣýնǻƽװƷѧҿô
뵽ĿҶ쿴ȥһ֮Լʱһ亹
Ϊ֮ͫУһԵӰϷŴתۼǰ粻
ΪһᱻЩס㲻һô˵䣬ӡ̽ŹĿڵ
ȻҶζýնҲžʵսĺ֣֪˿ܻ̾˾һ㣬ѸҶĹΧ
һ
ҪĹƣҶһʺȣһֻֻȻ̽ԪݣȻת˲仯һԪУӿ޴ȻѾӳĹӲ
һָţ˾ʤѶ
˿̵Ĺƺ̨µĿһ㵡
Լ׵˲䱻ܣִһҪɱĳ嶯
ô㿪ýնģԻƬ̣Ƿʳеɻ
ǺǣǰЩ˵첻κƣԶ㿪ýն׾١Ҷ˵꣬˸̨ȥ
վסƺЩܲʵ˻ߵغƾʲôΪӮˣѵһӡӮ𣿣
ҪҪԣҶתͷЦʵ
ƸԽ漴뵽ԼոΪնɱҶ죬ʹûýնʱȻԪһգڵκλֵ£һӡ԰ԼΪ촷ˡ
뵽ص̾һȻĻʵҶĶ֣Ҷ죬Ӯˣ
áҶ칰˹֣ת̨


43 ǰģ
ص̨ϵҶ˿ȻûбΧۿ͡ŹǲϵĸߺҶ֣ȫһ³ȶʼ
СӣνǷ˰䲩ʯصҶؿڴһȭЦ
ʲô󲮱ЦҶһۣǫ˵
С죬ǫ飬㿿ʵӮõء䲩ԶҲΪˣҶ΢Ц˵ʵչֳʵС첢ûôʣܹõô˵֧ϲȴȻġ
Ŷϸϸ˵ôȻ䲩ʯʵ
Ǻǣԭж䲩ԶĿɨСƺڸһ㣺һ֮ǰö֣˽ǰС쵱ʵãʧ֮УղŵһսСͬ綨֮ѹԵʵȼ˴ҵΣ˵ֺɡ
أƽҲǴ˹ȻԼڵ־ͱ̭ƺû˶ɥ
䲩Զһۣ˵ϳ֮ƴȫ޲һȭֱӰѶֺɱǿҺʤֳĶҲǲ̫ϲеͱһЩѡȻʵҲǿᣬʵ̫ᣬСֶ֣ԱȾ֮ġ
ۺ㣬ʵ˸񲢴棬ѡ˭᲻֧أ²֪ʱѴӶĿ̨һЦĲһ졣
Ȼ䲩ԶҶ쵱̲Ŀ˵ǷǳǡҶȴЩ˼ڼ»֮ҲǸϽ˻⣬Ц½㣬֪׹̸񣿡
ɫһ죬ʱҶԴһŭСӱ˵ֻǹȥ
˵˵ţԼҲ಻ȥˣҶ˫۾ۿԼЦ˿ܹ⡭
˼״Цǰһеġŭ𡱶Ҷϣһʱ˱Ц֣ҿ̨һƬǢ֮⡣
ҵգ̨ҿ̨֮ȴǴһĿ⣬۽΢΢鶯аɭȻЦɣҿǻЦãҶ죬ԽǳԽãһɱʱԵȤˣ

ļڶԺʼ
ŸʼҲֱӴʮɸߵĿ̨֮һԾӰ죬ȻѪӥֳצֱӶ̨ϵĺϮ
Ą̊́ĵ̨ѰŶ֣û뵽һȴͻȻͷ

ĿצӰȻδץһεľȴѾúͷƤˡ
ڸղűҵĳ̼ȲҪҸȻȻľǶֺԲŻֱԾ¿̨һĻ
Ƿôô·ƣ
͵Ϯɣ
Χۿʱ𣬶ֹ̥ʵЩ޷⡣
⡭Լܼʱֵ߶㿪ôԼԴһצ֮¶Ѫ
ȻƽԼзӦء
ס֣һۻֱĲ
ͷʱ󾪣æצΪƣȻһбź½صĻڼӲʯ̨֮ϡ
ֻ̫˿ϵú˿ȥֱͷˣһ㡣
˾Υ棡Ҿ㣬ٷĻ㽫ֱӱȡʸ񣡡ŭһѵ
һʮ˵շ֮ͣĿ޷޶ŸϣаϲһҪң
ҹԹԵĴ̨ڵ̨Ŀ棬һԹԴϺҲôῴе뷨ԼȻ˪һ㣬ˡ
̥ٴȫĺȻЦ̨֮ϣžһ죬̩Ҳˤʮĵʮӡ֪Ƕϵ桭
ԥһ£ǹֱ
ͷӹˣ˿̵ѾܻԺòΪǴջ𣬽һֱ֮ʹӥʽͼһٺɱйͷ֮ޡ
ǺȴҲù֪ԼɣԭǱųʶ뷨̨ȴƫƫŭӥʽ޴ѧôֵܹһ֮Ļл·ܸԼ
뵽ֻӰˣɴŤͷܣֱ̨ͼסС
˲ڳ˶һ廹ڿС衱
ģ䲻Уһ䣬
Զʱ󾪣Ͽȥʾȡ
ס֣ٴο
ϵɫ˲ӿһ˿вϵػţס֡ס֡ס֡
֮ǰͬƴû㣬ٴε˿շľѵˣֱǿ˶Ц˶Ƥ
ۣҿ̨֮ϣ̩ˤ˵ʮӣȻصĺһͷҲصȥˡ

Ļƣ
һӿԪصĻڶֵؿ֮ϡӰĵɶȥļ׵ĵҲȷ
ֻС˿첽̨ʤ
ЩȻǺǽȻķͶһ̨ɫߺ죬ȻǷǳԼܹ
ֻʣͷˣС죬ϣ˭ȡʤ䲩ԶĿҶ죬ʵ
˵ʵϣӮҶ˼ص
ŶΪʲô䲩Զʣ׷ʡ
ȻԹǴ˻ǺЩϿ͵ĵطΪҵءҶĿƺЩп컯Ūˡ
ãܹɱΣ͵ˣС죬㽫ܴﵽһʲôĸ߶ȣЩ޷˰䲩Զͷ󶯣̾
˵䣬ͭٴ죬Ѿ̨

ܡ
˻๰֮΢Ų̽䱸״̬
ѷ֣
һȣȳָֻȻŷ𽫺˺һ㣬Щơ
Ԫڣ
ȻӰãǰ˲һԪǽȻóԪڡ˿̵Ԫڱǰƺʵʻ⼸յıȶ֮Ҳо
飡
ѷصĻԪ֮ϣܱ˰벽Ԫȴ˿ǰǰ
ͷһȻԼղһδʹȫҲӦú޷ӦŶ԰
ֲ˼ⳡұӮԵˡ˵ţ·ǰֱ̽ȡһס
̫磡ٴδһԪԪϷ𹥻
顭
ϴһһƵԪȥȴûзκθĹۣȻԦԪȲǰȥ˿ͣٺĸоûг֡
Ҳ㣬ҲҪҡڽܱƵ̨Ե֮ʱٴοڡ
ѹԵʵԥƬ֮ص̾˿̨ףԼͺǹһֵķ޷ƣȥʲôҪ
áķܹ˹֣ȻҷĿ̨֮תȥ
ŷܵİܱѡǰļڳ¯ǷֱǣҶ졣


44 ĶԾ
գѡ㳡
ļĳ¯ۼڴ˵Ҳʼյͷ׷ײ²
Ҳ»Ҷ죡
ҶһԣƽĶۿĻ
ûҶ졢ȻҲʵǿǱ»˰
ҿǵ
Сڵ⼸ֳֺ˼巢ͶƱ
Ȼѡûϴű֮ȴǾࡣΪϴɧһ·ѹƣھĶԾжȡʤ
۱죬ֿɾʹˡεҶ죬ƾճֵĺȻʵȷʵռţӮ漫󣬵˭ܱ֤䲻⣬εͷ˭ܱ֤Ųһٶٴδ𺳡
òƶûһᡭ
һĶ˹ֱ
ûİһۣһôģ
ļʵĵν᲻һ˿ȤϵıҶ죬㲻Ҷ죬ƥҲãǶ˻Լʡ
û뵽⾹ȻŪˣĳǩ֮󣬴һԼĶ־Ȼһʿĵ
˿̵лŵǲǿߵһΪǰ̭ѡֵжΡʿʤһʿôߵⲽȷʵһ˷ѽ⡣
ҪôɣʵǶ᲻Ȥ黹㲻ȻϵȰ˶Ͷ
УҺòƴ˽죬ǲ׷ģĿᶨֲ֮һ䣺顭
һԶʱˣΪϲ˿ޣֺǺǵĵ˵˵־ܷģҾֵġ
ƺʲô⣬Ƭ̣Ȼſڵ˵ˣյˣ˫ýҵֻ֡ˣ곤ңС˺ˡ˵꾹ȻǺһЦһ㡣
ֵû뵽ԼһʱƢȻϻӣµ˵һѷϻ
ҼҰסڳϣҵС
סڣ޿̣˵Ļĵ˵УӮԼɣ
ͻȻת̬һ֮Ĺϵڱ䣬Ҳڳƣ׼֡
һۣӵһ
״Ȼٴ˼ƣ˵ַƲҪĺҴһ
˵㣬ģ¥ĵﻹȸ칦أЩͷˡ
Ҳ˫ĴһҪǰ·ͷ˵ŮװҲԴš
ѣڱ׼ŭӰӵǰǰӦͷıһʹ
ǲͶ̥ˣңǲͶ̥ߴߴš˿̵̨¾ȻҲ˲ٽкȻ˱̥ķһЩ
ʿʵ˿ѵСһ㣬ĵ޻֮ڣڴ˴Լһյʱ󣬱ͷܵĵĵĺ
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ͣŭδ˵㲻ֵͦôôˣ
ҵһô˰͵͵һۣСֹ
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ΪԶϵСԳڿǸԾģ֮󣬶ʱǰ߸ոյ˵ʲôȻ˵ĳԾ
ȥѣһţ̨ողû壬ǱǾﵽ˼Ļסˡ

ڽֻԷֱ硣±ʱٽҶҲ׼ʱĻص̨֮ϡ
ǰ̨Ժ֮жʱӿֳ͵һĻһĻҶҲǲ΢΢
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ûʲôֻ˵ֵˣĿҶ졣
ŶĻشҶϣû뵽֮侹Ȼ˵ڴԷĶԾ

ѡҶʼǻ˶˵ĶԻ
Ͳر˰ɣҶԵĹ˹֣硣
ȴصıԼ֡΢΢Щ鶯˵֣جΣ
ŶɾͲˣֻΣجδҶ˿ԵôһСүүԾѿڶˡû˵ʲôԻҶҲû̫
ǺǣôҾһ㳢جζ˰ɣ˵գٲԣһԪ˲ȶҲͬ쫷һҶϮ
Ҷ״оһӰӶһƿԪָãӡյ
Ӱŵһȣ쫷Ӱеһ˳
飡
ӰŵƵĵһҶ֮ϣȴ˲ûİͼȥ
Ԫڣӡ֮ʱҲǧһ֮ʷԪڵס
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У
ٳһƣҶҲ˿壬ӭϡ
飡
ڶȻԪܵסҶӡҲͬԪ֮ϡ
ûٴ˿ѡһƴףֻƺХҶָָһʱ以ìܣѷѽ⡣
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45 һӮˡһˡ
飡
ԪûİͼӦһ˸˼֮󷽲ȶ
ѾǷӰŵеĵڰˣ˵ǰƻܶҶʲôвĻôһƿʼĶԾ
ھеĻ°Ԫܾ޷ֿˡҶ΢оȣڸոһǿһƵУʵĸоĲ֮
Ҷ죬ѵӡôҵһǳܲģҵķȻûƵֽǲ̫Щ
ӡӡԻԪڡҶ쵭Ļһ䣬ͻȻתģԪڿ»ǵסҵģӡӡҲվϣ
Ŷ𣬾ȲһˣȻȣھӦЯž޴ȻҶ
飡
һΰԪܺȻɢھͻҶķߣؿڻ
ȵľһ̣
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죬ֻҶӼֱ˲һ޹ǵĸоһ֮ʣھǲżХ
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תͷҶĿ֮йâ˵һЩ¼Ҳʵ㣬ѡ֮ڹ˽ΪĶ㣬Ȼ˵ˣһоͰԭУֻɱʧУ
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ܹգ֮³ӡҺͣ٣ߴΣ
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δ䣬ߵԪ߶³ǽһѹҶǰ
Ҷ³˸ոǿ˫ۡ
ȻָֻȻһֳٶȿʼãȻӰ
ƣƣƣƣơ
գ֮ɵһεӡƣҼͬʱڶӡѾɣΡĴΡ
˿е˶Ŀɿڴۿ̨֮ϣ̨֮£ûܹһơ
ٶڴ˵Ҳֹ䲩Զһ֮ǼЩ΢΢Ĳ
дÿ˵ӣ̩Զһ֮󣬶в˵뷨Ӳұض𣡡
ƣ
һƣҶڽߵԪڻ飬ңͬʧȥһڵ
Ҷ컺ߵǰ㻹ұȥô
ҶţǻعĿ֮Ѿʧȥԭɣ˿ֻܴ͵ҡҡͷ
߰ɣǲᶯģʱһֱҲΪŴҡڣˡ
ɱҰɡң޷ʧܣ˿ֻһ
˵ˣҲᶯ㡣
ȻڴˣֺαؽⲻƽͻȻ˻һȻȻ緢һ񱼶ȥ
ҶεҡҡͷⱲӾǷˣģҾ֮ǰ˵ģҽΪجΡ
仰ȴ˹


46 ǰľ޴
ҶѡվҲȷҶսʵΪǿ
Ȼֽ˵Ԥϵģȴνһۡû˻²⵽ĺճûۼߵԪ֮󻹶Ҷġ
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̴֮ϣһӰĿ˼ɫأƺ˼һΪͷʹ顣
Ƭ̺۾Ҷ컺ڵС죬ҪˣĿǰʵ˵¡
岻ģȡʤ֮Ҷ쵭һЦƺıء
䲩Զüͷ΢壬̾һ˵С죬Ȼ̶̵ʱڱǽӡյ¯ĵزʵǰʵ벻ʲô취⡣
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䲩Զһ˿ɫ˼Ƭ֮ӻóһȴһСС鼮һҹ֮ӶʿͻƵĶʿֻǱ˵»ᱻЦǴ˵ͲͬˡȻҲţϣܹһϲ
˵գ䲩Զ鼮ҶУǰƵϰķڻƽ׾ƷѧѾӡ¯࣬ƶ˵Ҳ£Ҫ˳߶ƣӵĶʿʵ
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Ҷֽӹϸϸ
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С죬ҵУ곤ף֮⣬ǵһƵġ䲩ԶҶļ򣺡ԣı֮УϣܹһɲҪʧ
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ƣǿѧнڰԱӡĴڡƽ׾ƷҲǸߵѧ֮һˡ
ˣʱȣһ̶˷ѲãϿȥɣ
Ѱıֻʣһҹʱ䣬Ҫڼζ޳ɰƣ˵ĽӦϧʱ
ˣ塣Ҷǣתг⡣
䲩ԶĿҶȥ̾һԸܹٴδ漣ɡ

ƣƽ׾Ʒѧ԰ӡΪ׼ָȴǶʮָ֮࣬ɬһɣοʮ֮ࡣҵʵҲֻǿ³ӡ֮г䲩Զ֮⣬ȻĶʿ綨ڣȴܹѧ
ЩѾӡ¯Ҷ˵ȴ㲻¡
ž
һͬȼʱȴǳҶС
΢΢ֳһĨһš
Ķʿ綨ֶԪƿؾӦܹˡ
ոյһĨҶֵ߳İƣΪֻǶʿڣԶԪƿضȲܹﵽвױĳ̶ȣָͬ˳֮ⲢԿƶҶ˵κѶȡ
˿ҹ˾ľֻʣ߰˸ʱʱˡ

򵥵СݵУҶ컺³֡
ѾΪʿ綨ӵлƽװƷѧӥʽʵڵҶ죬ֱǿ̫ࡣ
Ҫﵽܹ߳ƵĶʿ綨ӵкƴһƴʱ
뵽һɫڵҫŹҶУޱڵȻޱֻǻƽƷޣյؾ֮ССڵУҩԿȵؽһƷҩ
ڵ׵ĹΧӳͨŰ׹⣬ҶȻ΢ɫֳޱȼᶨɫ
ڵڵóʱˡ
ٲɣҶ׽¡ȻĿϥʼ׼ӭǿҩĸĥ
һ仮븹У΢΢Щ͵ĸо֮Ⲣûзʲô
ѵ͵һ㣬ҩ֮
Ҷֹһ䣬̫ˣϾǿҩ̼ʱָоġ
ԼһʱڵҩʼĴߣɢȫ
ɺһ𽥱óȣʼ˿ҶÿһѪ⡣

ָоҶ첻ҧҧͷҲʼϸܵĺ顣
¶ԽԽߣˮҲٴʪҶڱĿ֪ʱͷѾðỤ̋ȥľ
¶ȵߣǿʼһּΪԵٶȲϱǿ
ڵȻЧ
Ҷ˷ܵţǾʱȴͻȻ쳣ʹ֮С
ô
ҶεҧţʹеĿʼζڵǿҩʼԼвҾ徵ĥ
ʹ֮ͻأȻǿԽԽǿ˺ֱͬѷļ⵶δһ㣬˵͡

С˴صĴϢ˿̵Ҷ˿˿ĳ촽ԳֳһʧѪɫȭͷָҲΪȽָǶ֮С
ҩɳ֪ʱֹͣ
µգ죬֪УҶѾ˵ĥʱ֮áǿҩȴûȫɢȥ
ҩֱͻƵʿҲδ֪
Ҷзһ˿ҵ뷨ܹﵽʿ綨ôɾͺˡ
Ͼںͬ׵ǰ£ӵԪܡټϾӡӡ͸ոϰõİƣ޷ƽĻôҶҲûһ;ϼȥˡ
ѵô
Ϊղ˼ʹ˴ûвҶعϳǿǰĸоκΨһвıǣԿ϶Ҷ첢ûдﵽʿĵز

һȭӳƿ֮ǱըԵġҲˣһȭ֮ЯԪ֮ǰ˵ҲŨࡣ
Ķʿô
Ҷ˵Ѿûʲôô׼ʹѧ֤һ
Ķֻࣵһ죬ǰȻֳһͼǰͼ֮ϽС֮Ȼʵ֮
龰Ҷ˷ָܸãƿ
ǣ
һĳâȻдܶݣǱ졣
ɹˣ
Ҷ˷ܵĴһȻûдﵽʿ綨ƾƽ׾ƷİƣŶʤٲȻǴӡ


47 
ХƮ˷׷ѩ
ֶӵ赲ڵ飬ֻ˿̵ѡֳǾۼ򿴿ͣټĹ㳡֮кѹѹһƬȻֳһִ粽֮С
˵ѡʢᣬôĶԾ֮ܳΪʢ֮еĸ߳ڡ
ʷǷҶʵǿǿǿԾ¹˭֣˭ܰεͷΧ۵ԭͶ
ƱգԿʱƾо˿̾ʼӦֻʣһʱ䲻ˡ
ҿ̨֮ϣ䲩Զ˼صԶǰӰ
Ҷҿ쿴ҶȺв֪˭ȷҶӰʱ
˿ҲǶʱɧȿֺŽż⣬ҪеڴҶ֤һ
ҶѾȺ֮ҵĻҲò΢ЦӦȻ󴩹ȺԶֿķ϶̨
Ҷľ񲻴ƵáýĿͷһ㣬סҶʵʿ綨Ӯ𣿡
ҶЦһЦ˵һأǼȥ
һﷺֹתߵ˵ҶȫޣҿɫƵĵû˯á
һᣬ仰Ǵ˿һʮʮٵĹУ仰ıȴǱζ
ֻһ꿴Ͷ˵ҶΪĴ򲻹һҹû˯أ
һ㶣ȻЩţ漴ͻҲǰζΣʵǰţҲûð˵֮תȥ˵Ҷ֪ʵУŵһҹû˯
Ҷ챻ˣǹǶĺ
ҶҪͶû뵽СӾȻǸս֮
Ҷ˽Ѿк˵Ҫһ㣡

УһЩ֮ʣҶȴ⣬ΪỊ̇Լ˵ʲôֻҪܹӮôһ۶ȻȻɢ
塢󲮡Ҷҿ̨֮ϣ΢ЦŶ˴к
ҶȻһƵģ䲩ԶŵԷһЩ̽ԵʵС죬ҹ
䲩Զ⣬ҶĿԴ

ͭҶæ˵˱Ȼ̨֮ϡ

ҶȺʱתĿ꣬۾৵һȫۼһϮ쳤֮ϣȺԶֿķ϶֮ǰҲǿࡣ
ȺֿҶߵС
ֻȻһ£·Ƹ䣬ƿν൱İ裬ŤͷĹ֮䣬һֵӲмɫҲ¶
ѡҶʼ
ϴһ䣬ȻĿ⿴ڴҡε˵ѡֵ̨
ԹһЦϣҵǲ̨ûʲôҪ˰ɣѵⳡӮʲôô
һΧۿͶʱһƬ˿ȷҶѾ䣬ǰô˵š
ϻ˵һʱѡûе̨ôΪԶȨû˵һ䣬ȻҲһ۱̨
״Цһɵ̨ͬʱϲģ֪ϣҶʤģԽӮҾԽҪĸң
뵽ӵҶһۣӵ˵ɣô
Ŷ㶼ôҶЦĻӦ
ǿɲһʱ˵ģôɱأҪôҹһҲУ˵Ц
ҶҲǺǺЦһȻһƵĿס˵ȻôģǼӸɣΣ
룿һľȣָ糣֮ʱЦֹŴջӣû˯Ѱ㻹ΪܹʤңȻ˵룡̫ĿЦˣ
ǲôӣҶ첢е֮ء
ޣصһڣݺݵĵҲңҲԼʲô
ǺǣȻǾͬඣ
ʲôƨţɱ֮ӻҪȥ¥ǲأĵĲΪ⣬ԼʿҶ컹Ķʿɵ͸ɵӦûʲô̫𣬶ǲѴ֮ѡ
ˣ㴦ãӮˣҲҪ¾ҶЦɫ
Ҷ֮ҪԼΪףﵽĶʿ֮ӮӦһܣֱӽɱ»ǲ̫ʵ
ֱЦһѣָҶ˵
룬ӻǲӣҶȣΪһ
ӦƬ̣ΧۿͿһȦҰҪҼ룡ʲôǴ̫秣е벻
Բ
۵
ѻʯ̨һЩ·ӶʱҶ졣
ԣѻʯ˹һЦȻתͷĿҲ˲ɭҶ˵ҽӣұȫ㣡
ãҶͷʱǳŸϹ˹ֵϣһ󣬽ҺԸ¶ԼȫƾӮҴãܹ֤ˣºԼ
ϲ֪Ҷ֮ĳԹߵĻ̨֮ɫϿҶҶСӣĪ嶯ʿʵȻ˵Ķ֣ʱ񲻰װҲг𣬵Ǿӱʮ겻ϣܹء
ллѣѾҶնĴ˸ϵȰ衣
һۿţҶľٶֿ˻ǺǣҰֿǻˣԭҪɱ䲩ԶȻºˣиΪ֤䲩ԶٴҲڸǰΡ
ϻȰҶǼ̬Ҳֻգ̾һҶ¶ԼʤưɱȨ÷ڣ
ϺҲһôԼɾĶˣڳ֮˭Ҳ뷴ڡ
СҲ̫дˣҿ̨֮ϣ䲩ԶһӣȻ𣬿첽̨֮ϣŸϹ˹֣ϣҶʢȶԼѡ԰
Զʲô˼ѵҪϰѻջȥ𣿡̩Ӷ濴̨ϴųҶĸ󻼵ĻᣬôܷŹ
ûԶְ˾֪㶼ҪֵĻ¾ҪЦ˰ɣԵֻһƷһ˵ֻ֮⡣
壬ģҲġҶ쿴һ䲩ԶɫΪᶨ˵
ԶһԿһޣȻҶѾŵջȥĻԺҲûˡҶܸҪԼ˵Ļġ䲩Զļ˵
䲩Զ˼Ƭ̣ȻвʣǸ˵ȷʵˡԼҶôԺﵽһʲôĸ߶ȣ¶ǻ±ָżǵĻġ
С죬һСġ䲩Զ̾һȻתص̨֮ϡ
䲩Զ뿪ҲٴεĻص̨ϣѯʶ˽֮һ飺˫ԼѶҶʼ


48 ս
ۣ
ϵ䣬һҵĺʱ𣬷ʷƺҲΪΪıһЩ׳ա
ѩƣѩһȻЩ
һƬѩҶǰеǰֻ΢΢գգۣɳ֮
ɣŷѩ֮ʣȻӰ
Ȼڼʤֹ䲻ֶǲġ
Ȼʵսǰѡ־ǿ̫࣡аһ
ʹǲӥƣֻƱ仯ȻóֻԪӥӰԪΣѩ޴Ѱ١
úã
ҶʺһԪĶͼ˲ҪͬʱҲһӶóУһ·ƿѩֱӭȥ
飡
һԪӥӰԪ֮ϣԺȻɢ
Ұ֣еͣȻӥӰƣȴ˿Ϊ⣬ӻӥӰ
ӥӰȻƵ죬ȴκβҶİԪܡԴ˿ҲǷĹֻз޴ѩƺγһѩγɵľޱޡ

ޱƴХ
СЦһ˫Ʋ£֮ԪȻƳһǿԪ˲ӭžޱ޺Ȼȥ
䣡
ײѩޱ˲䱻ǿԪɢͷֹҶϮ
Ҷ״ˣͬʱָòӡƿͬʱʺһٴϡ
Сӷ𣡡
ѵǿͻһ
ͽǭ¿ʱĿѾвٵ̬ȵתԭҲǼ򵥵ĺܣ֮ΪҶû֮ǰţ־Եʵ֮£ŶֿǲܵԵġ
飡
һȻ죬ǹǿԪصײΪҶ커İͼ֮ϣһԭڵİԪ˲˲١
Ҷ챻ˣظ֮Ѫӿȥֱ̨Եȶ
ڵˣ
Ҷ컹ûлѾǷ˵ڶֹ
ֻӰ˫۴ţԪۣóһ˫޴Ԫ򣬺ķѩȻѩӥʳ
ӥգ
ҶаһãԼʧȻӥʩչƴɵĵز
ĺȣ˫񶯼䣬ԪǼ죬ƸӺˡ
Ҷæ߳ԪעԪܣ˸֮󣬰ͼ´Ȼ졣
Ȼз壬ҶȻȥӲӲΪոһȻûˣҲϳһܶ㡣
ʩչҶιĪ⣬̾ǱŵķʽȥˣȻв̶ڰͼ֮ϣ졣
ÿһε̵Ĺðͼһ֣һֱȥȲʱ̣ҶԪͻΪעԪܶĴ
ûҶѾƵֻаķˣ
ǿҶ֮ǰҲ֪˼Ҷ
ǰò˶ⳡ͸÷ֳʤˡ
ҿ̨֮ϣ̩ӳջĿ⣬¶һɫңң䲩ԶԶ֣ⳡҲûʲôˣȥҸϺһΣ
䲩Զɫһָ糣̩ѵ˴󷽣ӣ˵һ٣ȻȴǺǺһЦȴҪһٺȡ
ŶΪΣ̩䲩Զභ꣬˵Ǵûմˣѵð⣬ܲáԴ˿ҲЦ⣬һ侮ʯģĺ䲩Զ
Ϊɻûأ˵ʱȻԵϼʾο
ߺߣԶֹȻԴϬҵ̾硣Ե֮е٩ζԡ⣬ҶܾѶʹˮĻôܹ
ǰ˵ļǣƤӣԶֿǽҶԶԶ˦󰡣̩˵ԶһۣЦ
ôǶλ˵ֻƤӹඣ䲩Զڱŭ͵һ棬Ȼվ
Լ״ǺЦһԶʲô˼ȻǱǾӮѵۼ֮Ҫ䣬߳ŭɣ
ûԶֵʵȻǶ֮ϣ֪֮ҵǸţʵûҪǿ̩˵꾹ȻһŨ̵ʾм
䲩ԶҪػ㳡֮ȴͻȻһƬ
Ҷ췴ˣ
Ķʿʵ
ʲô̩Դ󾪣̽ת˳С䲩ԶԶҲǼæȥ
̨֮ϣѩǲ֪ʱѾӥյʽһ䱸ģ
ԭþϷΪʤѶд΢ɹƣͼ⣬ϾӥҲ൱ķԪģһʿֺο˵Ľ⡣
ɾǳʱ̣Ҷ챩ӶƾŰԪܵķӲͻĹȴû뵽ҶѾﵽĶʿʵֻܱ䲻ӡ
ҺʱԪ֣ӡ֮ҲøæĽ֡
⡭̨֮ϣ̩Ŀɿڴ
Դ˿Ҳ𺳲ѣԭܺˣʶ㣬Ƕһҹ֮ӶʿͻƵĶʿٶҲδš
С졭䲩ԶҲӿˣȻҶǰҲйεľֻ߽綨˵𴦣ССҲйܹ쵽
ʿ綨иֱرٵĽȷʵЩˡ
Сӡֻ䲩Զˣ˿̾͸϶𾪲ѡ
ƺʮѴﵽͳ綨ҲǴûй־ġ
ӥʽһ˴֮˻
ֻӰεضһϮſ졣һֻѪӥξ߱ƷǷ
ʹӥʽˣҶˡ
ûǻƽװƷѧΪĶʿ綨Ҷôֵ
һܰ
ڸղҶĵıٴģԴ˿ҲЩΪϧ
ɱ̩˻ߣɲ뿴ҶŻ¹ޡ
۽ǳ鴤һ£к޵ɱɱ
ȥɣһںеĿȻ£ǿޱȵԪƲݣȻһֻԪӥҶ
ңڳ˶Ƿһҿ̨֮ϸȫվƵһǵĶҪᵽɤˡ
ӥ˫ȶ侹ȻһԪ쫷磬Ӳס˷ѩǰ̨֮еĻѩһͬǵɴϸ쫷統С
ȻеĻǵݵӰ
Ҷ磡˪ˮ˲ĺţһЩĸо
ۣ
죬㳡޴粻ת˿ɢȥļ󡣶ҶӰҲûУٿ
龰䲩ԶȻϣ˪ǰһڻ˹ȥ
ģ̩ڼӽӥʽʹ˵ز֮϶ʱ˷
֮⣬Ϣֻ쫷ɢȥһˡ
ǣ
ͻȻ쫷֮ױ֮
䲩ԶԭѾҵ˲䷺ϲɫæĿֻ쫷統оȻʼ޵ɫ⡣
ǣ
һ죬쫷֮жʱâһȻһҺӰͬʱɶصˤڵϡ
쫷ʧȥԪĴ֣߳Ҳ̼仯ΪС쫷ɢ̨֮ȴֻһӰվ
Ҷ죡
˲䱬˺ˮľ벻˼дÿ˵ӡ
Ƭ֮ʸϵĸҲȷӦֻӰһһǳ̨֮ϡ
ȻȷѾ޼Ŀ֮͵ľҶ֣һ֮ϼѣѡףҶ죡


49 
ӮõһѩеҶǷһ˿Ц⡣
˿䲩Զһ̨֮֮ϣһҲǻȸԾҶΧм䲻ϵš
̩˻ߵĴһӰֱӴӿ̨֮£һѱѾ˿
ʹȥ
ϾʿʵԲûбҶһƻСȻˣȫҲѾǳһĸоǱǿ
ţҶƿȺ̩ǰոԼȣѵ
̩Ի̧ͷؿھҲǹѪҶ죬к޵СҲأ᲻
뵽̩кɫһȻȻӳһצҶͷץ
һץ֮еأҶĺֱϣ
Сģ䲩Զһֱע̩ڷ֮Ҳǹϳ֡
飡
ֻһ죬ۺԪ˲䱩ɢǿֱӽıѵҶƷڵء
̩Ҳ̫˰ɣ䲩ԶŭĿԼǰߣ
ɣǺǣ˪˳ӣ㻹˼˵ô̩ЦţɭɫŨأƺѰųҶĻᡣ
䲩Զ۽ɨոձҶ죬̩ҶҶһëŲϾѪϴң
̩ס䲩ԶƵȻ˵⻰ֻвԼʵڻ治Ӳƴʱ򡣡
뵽̩ԭѿ֮ϾȻǿһ˿Ц⣺Զ֣СܸղŻУ³ç嶯֮٣еҪϡ
ת̩֮䲩ԶҲ΢΢һɫԻһЩ
䲩Զϵı仯̩ҲǸϽȴ˵Զ֣Ȯӣϲ֮ܶ£ҶСֵܸ֮ˣӦò̫ƽϵĶ԰ɣ
ϻ˵㲻뱣һôҪҶ˼ִҪɱ䲩ԶҲºҽ𣡡䲩ԶųݻҶɱҲҪԲΪҶҶġ
̩۽ǲױ˷ֵĳ鴤һ£`һЦ䲩Զ˼֮Ҷǰ
˿ҶѾƽ˷𣬼̩䲩ʯ䲩˲䵲ǰֱ̩Сٴγְ㡣
ǺǣλصģҸղֻһʱ嶯Բʧˡ̩ǿװЦ˵
Ҳʧ񣿡䲩ŭղŲҶ֣ڵҶĺˣ
û˵Ͽҹˣ䲩ʯҲǴһ
ȿȡ̩䲩ʯɫ𣬼װһȻȴֱӶҶ캰ҶСֵܣ֪Ϸܷ˵䡣
̩Խ֣Ȼ򿴿֮ǰҶֵƣҲǻȥֻȰһˡ
Ҷ죬ܴӦҶƽ˵
ԣҶɫɫòƺԥ
˼״΢죬˵Ĵû᲻ȥ𻹵ʲô
С죬ɱֻȥɱ䲩ʯ˹ɫᶨ֮ײ
ǰĳ𣡡䲩ҲǴߴ
˾ǰҪνǾֻ֮ͣҶȷʵĶԽ֧֣ԽԾ
ΪҿνأԼΪһ˽նɱҽѪĻҽһ⻼ĵزʱǰѣҴӦִҿԳܵġ
߰ɡ
ڣҶ˾ԼҴѡ
ʲ䲩ʯһ˫۵ɵĸͭһ㣬ŵĿҶ졣
󲮣Լһ¾ôˣ߰ɣЩءȻмΪϧҶȻװһΪģ
䲩ʯŴΪ⣬ֹȻҶһնΪ졣
䲩Զ䲩ʯִͬҶʮ꣬ĻǸεȻóҶΪΣվءԴ˿ҲҶǰĿ֮οɫӿĺߵļ򣬳ȻС죬лл㡣
ҶǺһЦǿЦ壬ҪлңǽȥԹѩΣ
߰ɣؼҡ䲩Զ޶ԣ˾ǰȴܽеζҶѡȫΪ룬⻥֮أҲ׸ˡ
ԵƬ̡
ۼ̬ƽϢϳԻסҪȥˣȻҲȺ̨˹ʾ֮󣬸Դӻóһ
ȿϲҶ죬ͱܴﵽزηϷ⹧ϲˡ
ˡҶ΢Ц
Ǳѡ׵Ľ̤°ɡ˵꣬ǼýаｻҶС
лϡҶ칪ӹٴεл
ҶƽпɾͲôˡ
̤ǿѧ
˵ѡǱѰû뵽Ȼֵز
ǰѧָİ
һƬҿ̨֮ϵһࡣҾʻ̤Ȼ䵽ҶС
˵ѧνޱ󡣰ǰƣܹεͷ߱Ȼ죬Ҳͺ̩׵ҵһݣӮȡ֮ȴҪҹͬϰ
뵽̩ȥͼ̩ôС
̩ȴǿֻڵõҶֻܴ֮𼱻ǵȥˡ
飡
صһ棬߷߶ȥ˷۱ûҶֱ°ĳ
Ҷ죬Ȼûʧ˿ߵҶǰ֮⼫ء
׹ӡҶͷ⡣
ƺڵƣ㱣׵֮󽫻˽ǰƺϰЦŰһʻƽҶ
ŴĽӣҶһ̵ٲȻѾƺˡʱ˷ĺΪСУܹ߳һƺǼֱνҫһ㡣
л׹ˡҶ˫ֽӹɫҲӿֳϲɫ
ƺڣľšϰ֮޲󡣶˿̵ԼȻѾΪˣҫɲѡͷ֮ȵġ
֪УϢѩֹһůµգ㣬ٴִء
䲩Զ̧ͷ˿ɫЦ߰ɣǸС칦ȥ
ã
ඣ
˻ȸԾƽһСǽҶ̧𣬴ϽŸɫҹȥ
˿̣ҿ̨֮ϣһӰȴûȥֻǱڶڵס֮ϿɫԼ֮ƺ΢΢һ˿ЦҶ죬ԽԽҾϲ˰Ǻǣ˼


50 ѣˣ
ܱѡҲҶնĻ
һҹ֮ӶʿͻƵĶʿʶһıҲٴҶ롣
ѡ֮ҶһϵоսҲǱǽֵá
ʱתǴů֮ʡ
գϴƣ΢֮һ˿֮⡣
԰֣԰
С˪㿴ǲ˧ˣȴǷԵʮ֮ߡ
˪۲ΣͷŰǵӰ¶ҸЦ⡣
Ȼ˧һɡҶ΢΢һЦȻͻȻȥԪ
ಣ
ԪĳȥͬʱҶҲ˲ʧȥ˿ƣһǰȻ׹ٶ֮쾹Ȼವ
˪һʮ֮׹ֽʹҲҪøǶϽۡ
ҶҲǲϵķ˺µĽ
Ҷ磡˪ŵһ˫ȫ亹һ˲ᵽɤۡ
ǵӰͫвϷŴ󣬿ò˰ʱͻˤ뵽˪Ҳǲֱӵ۾
Ǵ˿̵ĵȴ˪һ֮󻵻һЦֻϽӴ֮ʱȻ˫֮ϻȻԪӿȻóֻɷ࣬Хһٴθն
˪Ľ˫ַ£ڼ龰֮ŭҶҪô
ҶԺٺһЦλ䵽˵֮ϣ˹˪ıͷǵĵôҰ
ޣŵأ˪һ죬ͷȥ
ϣСٷ硢ǱǷϲҲһʲôϡ£ʲô˼Ҷ조֪ܡĿЦ
˪һ˵һ󴮳ȻԼȴ̵Ҷ֣Ҷ磬˵ڹôˣ׹ӻô
ԭѡ֮û뿪򣬶䲩Զ֮ҿһЩʱա
ǶʱµĹϵѸһξ䲩Զ˴µ
Ը⣬䲩ԶȻҲǲᷴԡͱΪ˶֮以మĽˮɣǰԧĴ¡
˵ƺʲôڣµһ;ҲߵĸԶҲδ֪һ֮ҶҲƺϰʱ˻֮仹ܶӦ
׹֣ҶԺжʱֳһ˷ǷӰǸӢ湫ӣͳ綨ſƺԲס
˪Ҷ첻һѣҶ磬ʲôأ
Ҷ챻ǰôһƣŻع˵׹ƺ֮ӦҲҪĴڰɡ
˪ΪҶĽ𣬾Ȼ΢вãҶ㲻Ҳ𣬴ѡڲµʱ䣬Σﵽ߶ʿ綨ٶȥһ֮һܹ׹ӣ
ʲôͳͨͨȲǰꡣ
ô򵥡Ҷ챻˪ЦˣֻԼĽȴûпΪѰڵɽкһĻ
ɥڰ֮µûһҲаʮڵֻõһŶѡ
У˵򵥾ͼ򵥣һܳ׹ӣ˪Ҷĸ첲
ҶΣֻܺúúãҿ϶
˪ԣİͷҶļ֮ϡ
˪˵СˣҶҲǷһ˿Ҹ֮С
ָоȷʵ˪һ仰ơ
Ҷ磬̫ˣļϣеѵûء˪˵꿩ЦȻҶ֮Сܡˡ
ôݰӳƬ̣ŷںԼһܣҲıӡ
ҶõвֶΣ˪ԸͷҲأһβܶҡΣһ֡ơĸо
׷֣Ц֮һƬŨܡ

һɽ֮ϣҶĴĺ磬һҰݣһƽĴʯ֮ϡ
ǺǺǡ
˪ǽСɰӰԺ֮ǻһƳһЦǣңɵЦ
˵һղѾ̫׼ȷһݻ࡭
˵˼ҩߵ˻һ㲻٣˿̵Ҷ쾹Ȼ߶һ˶ûз֡
ʲôأ
ͻȻһʱҶһתͷȥȻС׳֪ʲôʱˡ
ˣʲôʱġҶ츧˸ؿڣ˵
Ȼ䲩Զ϶ᣬĶ飬һ㶼û谭ҶС׳Ľã˪ƽ֮⣬Ҷ߶ıС׳ˡ
Ҹôǲ̤ƿ˰С׳װһֻģ
У̤סôҶ첻Ϊ˵
ʵҶܹС׳ôõĹϵ㣬һϣͨС׳˵ֻͣҪ䣬ôļƻҲ顣С׳ҲһϽĵˣһҶǳ񣬶һʱǻԵʱȣ༤
ҶС׳ļ򣬻Ц˵ʧ˹
С׳һۣЦ˵С˵־
ҶЦһٴɻ˴ʯ֮ϡ
΢΢𣬳ķˬȴΪ
ˣС׳һ㣿ԥƬ֮Ҷ쿪ʵ
˵С׳Ŀ⿴Զ֪Щʲô
ֻҪһ۾ȫС˪˵ǲǾ˵ġҶЩ˼ȴû˵ȥ
ҶᵽС˪ֵʱС׳֮˲һ˿ɫָ糣ĬƬ̣Ȼһŷһ㡣֮Ц˵ʲô
֪ʣ˵ǻǲǰɣҶ˿ûвС׳׷ʵ
Ҳ֪С׳ǿЦŻش
СҶһµҰݣ̵ĵҾþǣָоء
ǺǡжãС׳εЦЦȴ̲סʵ
ôءҶ˼ȥҲ벻ΪξֻܿС׳Ц㲻׵ģûˡ
˭˵ģô֪ûˣС׳ԻȻתͷƶʱҶһ
ôˣҶ챻С׳ⲻԵŪͷԣɻʵ
ȿȡʶԼʧ̬С׳ҲǼװżû°Цûˣܲŭô
У˭Цˣֻ˳һ˵ˣˣҿ˰ɡǰߵûҶĻɡ
û¡С׳ǿЦЦĿͻȻҶʵҲ˵ģ
С׳ĿⶢţҶһܣһѣȥȥȥо£ôң˵ǸƵá
Ҷĳ˵ʱ䲻ˣҪȥˣٻɡ
˵գӰԾ̤ʩչڿһ㣬ȻɽƮȥ
˿̵ľʯֻ֮ʣС׳һˣɫҲѸٺڳȥҶ챳ӰǵĿ֮оȻһ˿⡣
Ҷ죬ΪôǺǣ̫ˣҵǾѾǵˣ


51 ı
ůáֺǸԸ߶˿ļ֮˳ӿСС֮ڶﲻһƬ־
Сϰ壬ǮһŨüǰ̯λϵһ̯ѯǮ
Ÿͭ塣̯ЦֺǺǵĻش
УһŨüǮȡ˾Ÿͭ彻̯Ȼת뿪
뿪֮󣬽ֽǵתӰһİ֣һȴӥӡۣļ֮С
伪ҶĹϵָָȥŨü꣬һ˵
ǺǣϵѵȺ㻹Ҫãӥ¶һ飬Цʵ
ӿɫ˵ЩϻΪ˹ͬĵˣΪȤС˵ô
С׳Ŷԣ⹫ӣ˵ûǺֻΪҶѡһ£Ц˵Ҷô㣬ȴﰵѣֱֶοҲҲȥɣ
С׳۽΢΢鴤һ£ۿҲԣ֮⡣գ֮䣬ѱǳ˷Ŀɳƣս
ֱ̫أɡڣС׳ȿڴա
Ҳɿ˲ڴ֮еȭͷһģзִ磬Ƿһֱ۶ѡ
С׳˵ͷ˵⼸һһ֧Ҷ죬Ȼƽʱ֪ͨ㡣
ٺò˵걾ȥȴͻȻת뵽ʲôһ㣬ЦһˣܰǸ˪
С׳ɫһ䣬ȻǰһץסڣҾ㣬ҴС˪⣡ɱ㣡
Ǻǣ⹫ӼʲôҲǿЦˣһ˦С׳Ȼ½󣬳һΪΪңû뵽ȴΪһŮˣǺǡ
޹أֻҪԼ¾ˡС׳
ǵҲǣΪʲô޹أֻҪҶʹˣЦűͼаϸԱɫ
С׳δԣҲǺ޺ûҶ죬Ҫʹ࣬ҪΪһɷǣǺ㽻õģͳͳк³ʱͻҹԹԵĹң

ң䲩Զۡ
˿̴֮еĽ֮ˣֱ䲩Զ䲩ʯ䲩ֵܣƽС׳СҲУŵϻԵ伪ÿ˵ɫһƬɫأš
ĴΣ⼸ʱѾǵĴηˡ
ͳСӶı˷ȥһۣҡӦͬһȺˣȫ£ɲֻҪ䵥Сϳֲкһ䡰Ҫ־͹Ҷɡ֮⣬Ȼκԭɡ
С׳伪ģ㷢ʱûעʲô䲩Զʵ
С׳үҷʱ伪ѾԣߵԶˣԲûʲô
˵᲻˵ǰھ¥֣ӦȬˡ˼˵
䲩ԶԵ˵ͷпܣѡܸҶ쵼ѣͷǴǶԳЦ߳ŭرҲ̫пܡ
ô˵ҲҰС׳˵ܸҶ֮һ겻񣬾ή١Ҳһ壬ò׳ôһ˲ţǿ϶ҶŶԡ
΢΢ͷһ۵Ҳͬ
ҵɫС׳˵ңȻһֱûʲôϾҶУճ˵ǵĿҲǷǳ֮󡣡
䲩Զ˵ͷĿתƽʵƽСΪҪãϸ룬졢ңûʲôĳˡ
ƽҡҡͷңӦûʲô˺ҶԹİɡ
ģھʹȥʸף䲩ʯصһӣ޷ȥ
Ҫ³ç¡䲩Զס䲩ʯ΢΢Ƭ̺󣬵Ȼ󣬵óȻǰȥʵΪףƾ޾ƾʲôȥۡ
˵û԰꣬»ӳ顣䲩һ٣˵˹ңҪǷԸȥ⼸СòҪԳţⶾ֡
ܣȥɡ䲩Զ˵ͷ䲩˵
á䲩ӦһȻȥ
ˣмǣ²ҪҶ֪˼롣䲩Զһ䡣
ھ䲩ԶոշԸ֮ҶȴͻȻ
壬˵Ҷˡ
Գһﲻ֪ҶǺʱġ
壬Ҷģһι֣ٱҶأԻԣ첲ѾŤӵ伪ֳᶨɫ
С죬˵޹ء䲩ԶҶ嶯ԳԿ
ģҲ嶯µġҶǰߵĻȻߵ伪ߣĿ֮йâΪĵСһһ

һ᷽ɢȥɫأȻ鲻ѡ
Ҷ죡С׳첽ϣסǰҶ죬־ǳģҲҪСİ˵⻰ʱС׳Ʈâһš
İɣûµġҶǿЦЦǿװһƽģ
С׳ЦһȻЧҶڿѾޱȵɣ
뵽С׳ȴǼⰲο˵ᵽ㣬ҿһֵ֮ƣǧҪ̫𡣡
ҶһлС׳Ҫһ˾һʧˡ˵첽뿪
ǺǣֻǸʼѡС׳һЦǰΪӰԶһ˿⡣
˵ʲôأ
ͻȻƽ𣬶ʱС׳һ亹
˵С׳£ǿԽ͵˵½ֻһʼ֮¾Ҷұߡ
ҲָоаĿǰֻСΪˡ˵һ£ϣҶ첻Ҫ̫һЩʲôɵƽ̾˿뿪
ƽûɣС׳ǲеҲǻɿ˷ذסƽҶΪҪãҪͷ뿪ң»Ҫƽ϶Խ
ƽС׳סҪ뿪ƽɫ벻Ҷǣ
ƽͣ½ŲЩɫһĶ嶼סʲô취ұ΢Ϊʲôء
ǳɹɣܰҶĻ볢ԳԵġڳƬ֮˵Ȼ룬ѵʲôð취ô
ȻУǾͿҲˣС׳ƽǣʹ˼
ûʲôҵģⲻǺֵҶ£Ҳҵ£ƽС׳һʱмơ
С׳ЦɫȴװһģãȻȻˣǾ͡˵ƽߣԼļƻ˵һ顣
ƽһһţᶨ˵Ͱ˵İ죡
Ǻãǽ׼׼һͶС׳ƽӦһϲŶˣ̫Σգñ֪Ļ»ֹǡ
ģƽصĵ˵ͷȴͻȻʲôһ㣬ҪǲҪҶ֪һΪðա
С׳ӦһЦûһ֮ǰҵȻ֪


52 Ȧ
ļУȻǳʱڣ峿ʱ̻Щ֮⡣
˿̵Ľֵ֮ϲûжӰֻмҰ̯֮ĬĬæţżϡĲͿ˵䣬Ҳû̫ԡ
С׳õôôЩ֮ѵ˯춢СûƽЩƵʵ
С׳ԺǺһЦشЩ¾ͳˡүѾС׼޹ô
ԣܵƽ˵ͷƺȻ
ԭ˳ɫδЩʱ͵͵˿һҰ㣬㾫׼ʵõļƻ
İඣƤڡ֭࣬λ͹߹·Ҫඣ̯ߺƿһոյİӣ֮жʱðӵζʱɢ
ٸƽͳͭǮ̯
ϣ̯ϲӹ֮мƤӡ
û㻹ͦܳԵأС׳Ц
ƽһ죬εԱ˺øɻô
ԣ˵ʵ̫ˣǺǡС׳Щ˵
ƽҲǺһЦư㽫£ֺһ
ˣҳԱˣжɡƽվҭؿڡ
ãȻԱˣǾжС׳ֵָָԵһСȥǱߣڰб㡣
ƽ˵ͷ˿ûлɣǰָСȥ
ƽ뿪һϵļʳҲǴҴҽǮȻȻƽ֮ضȥ
״С׳һ˿ײĹЦ

ƽܿС֮Сǲ֪ΪΣһ֮ȴĪһ˿ĸо
һСӲݴ֣ͥûа졣խԶԶͷ峿Ũ䣬ԵЩ֮⡣
ƽҡҡͷл˼̶ļƻǰ׵ĹˣʵŶڶʿҡΪ㣬С׳ƽ춨µļƻǣʵƽնС׳бһǳּӺƽС׳֣߶ʿʵʰʿӦòڻ¡ʱֻҪƷһˣǻҲĻʹô
뵽ƽǿЩٵڰС׳ųƻӵܵһˣסӦòʲô⣡
䣡
ŨͻȻһӰӹٶȻ죬ɫŨƽ֮ʱӰѾٴ
˭ƽһȵ
ȻС׳ʵǴ˿ƽȻ˲ðһ亹
СĴܣüĿǾɫ
ܾţûһ
ƽһƽȻЩ£ǻԱţͼ
ಣ
ƽδ䣬һ˸źڹ뼫ķһӰ

ƽ㲻ƺһڵأ֮ȻͿҩ
ٴš
Լ˰յʱ䣬ӰϢĳƽ֮⡣
Ҳõŷô󹦷򣿡˵һĴ󺺣һ¾ã쳣ǿ׳ڽµİ֮¸Աըԡ
֪ǹԸˣ˵˱֮ǰĶҪԲŻ˿ⰲšһ˵ʱȻǺ´հ
磬ܣǹôԽǵǮƲ׬ԽôֻҪȥֱۣɾ͵֮ڶĺ̰˵
Ҳǣ˵ûǮ£ûҪЩ¡˵գһ֣˱ƽ
ŲԽԽǲûע⵽ɵڵصƽ˫Ȼһ϶

϶ȲĽƽͼһٷϵߵֱۡ

ɾƽһ̣ͻֻƽһȣ˳סֱۣһţѡ
˲ҽһʱɳȥͨһصˤڵϡ
˴һû뵽ƽȻзղֻװԶѡ
밵ңҲԼＸΪС׳İбƽҲ޿ֵĽ
Ϊ׵ĺ´ȷӦȻʵߣɱеӦеġźͷ
ǺֱӶв֪ʱѾһλεļ⵶
Щ֮ͽɲѡ֮ЩѡܱȵģֻǺһѼ⵶Ϭ쳣ƽҪ֮
˭ΪʲôҪӵܣƽһһš
ĵ̫˰ɣСӾȻзƨģ´
ԣǺһ˿м⵶ĹҲ˲Ӻݶ
ƽʵ΢±ͻȻӼĹƱƵҶ㣬Ȼ˵Ĺڲˡ
ȥУұϿ֪ͨС׳ƽа룬ǿ׼ǺһʩչӰŤͬʱͳһȭ
һȭ䲻⣬Ȼļ⵶䡣
⵶أ졣ͺ´󺺶һеû뵽ʿ綨ûдﵽСӾȻеС
үүҴȣʱǰƽ߷ɵĺ϶ӵצٴϡ
Ҳȥҹζࡣ´󺺵ɫ֮пʼ΢΢֮⡣
С׳ɣƽƲӦڲС׳
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ƽ˰죬С׳Ӱȴδ֣ΣǰߵĿν˲ȵס
С׳ٲҿɾҪŲסˣڸ˵һֵ֮ƽٴδ
С黹ͦƶ˵ϴҲǷӳ˹ƽŴԮȴûаӰ֣ԭԲˡ
ҵ£
´󺺴һӰ˲ƽǰһƳƽؿϮ
˿̵ƽӦ˵ĹƣϾˣһǴʵƽҲֱʧȥսˡ
ӰͫѸٷŴۿҪԼ޿ɱܵһƣƽʶı˫ۡ
飡
һ촫ʱӰɳȥֻƽǺ´󺺣
ղһ㣬һ֮ڵɢֳߵò
㡭㡭ðģһĻʧɫĿĿŻƽǰꡣ
϶Ǹɫɫ
ȿȣ´ҵĿţǻǿվȴֳޱȵĺ졣
ٴγȥĲƽҲѸٿ£֮ƣĿޱȵľ
Ҫ֪Ǻ´֮ʵǿѾﵽĶʿڵĵزǸղһȴ׻ɣҿ飬ƺֵֶĿ£˺Ҳһ١
ѵǸ´ͻȻһ֣ÿηϵС֮󶼻ᰴչԸ˵֡
˿̣Զľ֮ϵС׳ɫʱﾪĵҶ졭


53 Ѫ֮
㡭ǸҶ죿´һ֣˵Ҷŵġ
ղһƵľѾɢǸӰٴŨģ
磬ô죿϶ɨȥЩսսʵ
Ǻ´󺺱Ͼеͷ죬ȻǿУȻܹһ侲
ֻʹһɫʾȻԼ䣬¶ɫĻǰƽ
˭ΪʲôҪ֮ˣҶԼӰ
ǡ˵´󺺱һȻ٣һȭҶ
ϴ֣СҲһʱ䶾롢ɵ׷ҲֱҶҪ
Ҷкâһ»ȻӿԪȻξ࣬ɵĶ´󺺵һֻȻͬܵǣһ㣬ԹԹԵĸҶġ

ڵϣ졣
˼״ʱɵֵۣ϶꣬Ȼʵ㶼ߣƾŻĬϣҲûٻǿССᣬȻ׵Ļ˵ĺơ
һ飬ΪʲôҪ֮ˣҶɱ֮ǰȻѾһĨɱ⡣
˻һۣǵнǿ˶ԷĿ־ɫǺ϶촽΢һҪʵģ
϶´ŭһҪǴ˳ȥֵԺɾҲûˡ
һλᣬ˵ǲ˵Ҷ컺ƽ֮˵ɫâ
˵ͷ´ɲģһٴγǰȭƻ֮ԪȻѾѧ

̲ĺ´󺺣Ҷ۽Ƕʱ⡣Ųδͣ赭д̧۳ӭȥ
飡
˫ԣȻ졣
Ҷ˿δŲȻǰСɷǺ´ڿһѪٴصˤȥ
磡״ʧɫæܵϴߣڳƷֹҶʹɱ֡
ҶȴûǽĿѾЩ΢΢ĺ϶ϡ
㡭㡭Ҫ϶սսȥ
˭ָʹǵġҶĿӿűɱ⣬Ȼǰƽš
顭
϶оһʹѾǿǽϣ·ˡ
˵˵ȫ˵Ҷеɱ֮ͻ˺϶ܼޡ
˵϶´˻ߵغ˵ǿʼ˾ҵĿԣȻء
磬ٲ˵ǿɾͶá϶ŤĿ˿أԿȵĴ磬һҧɱҲعˣ
˵ҶһûЩ˽ʲôɱֹء
ǡ϶Ҷĺŵһʶıǿ˿ڡ
״Ǻ´󺺵һ˿ɫȻпνǼΪڵȻ׮⣬ȻˣǾͲòܡ
ಣ
ƿһҶĺϮ
ҶСģǺ´󺺵͵Ϯƽѡ
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ƽߣȥ壡Ѫ֮ˣҶҲеĿǰԱԴ´࣬ƽİΣɾǲ˵ˡ
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ŰҶͷȥֻǺԼȻṳֻ̂ƮݣԾ֮ѸҲզࡣ


54 ն
⻻Ѫ辭Ȼǿ
ҶЯƽ࣬Ǻ϶Ȼ˿ơ
Ҷипһ䡣Ϊ䲻״ޣԿԿʩչĻѪ辭ֻǵͽѪҺǿ̶ȴһҲѷɫΡʿ
˿˿
ǷһĺҶǸоԼϮ
ȣ
ҶûӰתͬʱ˸źķɵһǽֱû
Ҷ죬Լ߰ɣƽ֪ʱ׵ĻڼһĻ֮ҲȰҶ
˵ʲôǶһǷɵҶᶨĵһסǣٻȥţ
УҲһƽȻղű˵ס񣬵ֿµʵȴУ¶˵Ĵν׶༪١ҲǴ⣬ʹҲҶ
ڲǽֵʱ򣡡Ҷ
µνֽǺĸڶٶ̤֮˦֮ѡ
ң̤ҪϵԪѪ辭ֱӼ̳޵ʡһǽһǽ壬ǿǽȻͬپȥ¶˾߲ˡ
뵽ҶҲǲٹ˼ƽˣֻȻԶԶĽƽ˳ȥߣұţĻֻƽ˼ɣ
ƽǱҶ׳ģڿһǰеʱ䣬ʱƽԿԼ壬ǺҲǡǡһ㣬ֻ綾߰һ˿⣬ȻЦһһ˸ķɵȻԿصƽȥ
ã״ҶҲаһһƽ˵Σ⿴ǵϵ֪˵֮ϱо綾
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ҶХһȻȫ̶ȵԪ죬ֻ˲ûһĥ̴СԪУ֮޴ֱԲеʯﶼǳ
ȵľ޴֮£ǼķɵȻͷһͣ٣˹ȥ
Ҷ״ĺһɤ۵ҲһɣԼƴȫʹǾƽ
ҶСģ
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飡
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Ҷ죡ƽһҪǰҶ졣
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ƣ
飡
һ죬ֵĿ֮пԼ˲䱻ըһѪ
һз̫ͻȻǺҲûȥһŵĿ⿴˿Ҷ죬Ȼֿ˿Լ壬źȻء

ҶǺúõһոյѡʵ̫Σˡ
Ϊ֮ǰǿķԼ̫Ԫ԰Ԫĳ̶˵Ǿ޷ʹġ
ֻܰϣھӡӡ֮ϣȻܹ˲ӡǺٶ֮Ҳ׸ӡܷںϣܷ֮УǾֻˡ
һ۵ϵʬ壬Ҷԭ·۷ȥΪҪץһڣȻܺС˳𣬵ĻʹԺ˵ʲôˣα겻αΪɲҶϣս
ڸղŶ˵ٶʵ̫죬Դ˿ҶĽ֮ؿѾŲʮ·̡
Ȼ·̽ԶҶ첢ڸ·
ΪһǺ´󺺵ΪˣȻɱ֣ǺҲǸ֮Ȼᶪֵܶ˿ҲһѰԼǸոձԼеֵܡ
ڸղŵƴɱ֮УΪ˾ƽٲȻҲǺķԼ̫Ǻ´󺺵Ļʤ㲢̫ߡƽѾ뿪ԼһѰһ߻ָָ
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΢µů⣬Ĵ磬泩
ˣҲӡ֤СĻʹ˴õҲûаӰ
ءҶֹһ䣬˿ߵĻͷתΪСխȴҹĨǣ˷

ʱǰԶĹսǺȴͻȻ˴صĴϢԼ˵
ҶͷһϲĻӦǺ´ɡ
ŲѭǽǻǰҲԽ
˵簡Ҳ֪Ѫ֮ڵĵؽʲôĴǾ͸ǹһ㣬ֻҪʶݣǿʱҪİ
Ǻ϶֮κȰζ
´ûֻǲסĴϢš
ǾͱȥˣԼƽҲͦôǶ£ҲϣΪ
飡
ǽڵı˺϶ੲݣӦǺ´󺺶ѪĻﶯŭ
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ǺǣãһֻҪһ˳ͷƴһƾԹһ


55 յС׳
Χǽʣשͣһǽ֮һ࣬˳صĽŲ
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ŲԽԽ֮Ļд쳣ĺ
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飡
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˵գҶԵĺ϶תȥ
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ϵİӺòóԣûгԱС׳ղŵǾ仰ظһ顣
Ȼش⣬ȥˣС׳̬ƽЩԲֱһ䡣мΪʱ˿С׳Ȼʳ⣬ֱв
С׳ҲЦʵʲôʵˣǲǻûʿ綨أ
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ǺǣƽүôƢС׳Цһƽһ߻һ˵Ȼ㲻ԸгҾͻشһˡ
˿̣ƽǸоʲôһ㣬С׳֮ж˼־ɫ
ˣ㱻ʱҾڲԶΪʲôأС׳һ٣ЩЦ˵ǺǣΪҾʵ˵ˣСһҺһֲٰģɱ֣Ҹ𱨳ǵλӣôû뵽ɣ
˵գС׳ƽǺЦɫ֮дŪ֮⡣
㡢˵ʲôƽĿɿڴʵЩԽܡ
Ŷˣ֪ΪʲôԱô
ƽûлش𣬲ͷȭͷǽ߬
ƽķӦС׳ûзȻһĻıƽͬʱ
ΪԱˣ·


56 ƽ
ʱз紵𣬹εõ΢гڡ
ɱ㣡ƽŭĴһС׳
߲мһЦֱۻȻ̽߶ʿǿԪ֮Х
飡
һ죬ƽǸݵӰͬһԶԶĵɳȥ
ȿȿȡˤڵصƽؿͿȻղС׳һвû˿֡
С׳ΪʲôҪôֱ˿̣ƽҲЩ벻С׳ĶȻֻҵĸ壬ǼеĳȴС׳ӵܵһ˲û˿ῴӡƶôᡭ
ΪʲôС׳ͻȻֳ޺ɫ˵Ϊʲôʲôʸң
Ҵ㲻ôѵ±Ӧôƽ
С׳ԹЦŻͻȻתΪյ˵ӦʲôĽбӦҲᱨӦ㲻ҵһöӶѣھҵУ
˵ƽŭų˹
С׳һһƱǰƽٴλڵءȻһֻصĲȵߵؿڣмĵôƽү
һ̤ļأƽ߹۶ϵ
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Ҷ죿С׳Цǳ鴤ŵҶ죬ʲôֻϧҪһȻһۿС׳ôҶһһ
С׳޺޵˵ţͬʱϵǼǿ˼֡
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˵бɱңƽм⼸֡
ȻżһǻɱġС׳ŪĿƽһۣ˵ҺңԽҾԽгɾ͸УɣҰ㵽Ǽ
С׳Ȼô˵ȴŭµͷӲƽջ֮
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ƽؿںݺݶһţϴΣ߹۶ϵ쳣ԣȥЩ}ˡ

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ǸӲͷʹ죬ڿҵһĸˡ
˵գС׳ЦŶͬǯҲյƽ˫֮ϡ
ŵ㣬رۡǺǣ
ĿеһС׳ȻֻǲһƽС۾ȻǱϣ

һ̣ҽͬװխСԶԶػص
㵽ǼС׳ݺݵĵ
ˡƽΪʹ֮»ʪ͸ҲʼЩģ
ѼӲ߬ҵУֻҪһ̤ȥԽĽ
ˡƽȻţԺ֮еһ˿־û
ȥģȻңС׳ǱŭͬһȭͷصǰߵĶͷ
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ң䲩Զۡ
˿̵Ĵ֮ӰΧһڵصĺˣ˵ɫ֮ϽŭǺü۵͵͵
ɱ㣡
һۻ뱩ŭڴͬףɴ˿ɼ˸жôŭ
Ǻ϶ʱŵöɸڵأͷҲ̧
šҶ켱æסҪһƺɱ϶䲩ʯȻĿתǰߣʵ˭ָʹôɵģ
ӹһ٣϶սս̧ͷһʮҵĹӸ硣
ƨʮĹӲˣ˵û˵ʲô𣡡ֻش䲩ʯٴβȻŭ䱩һ١
𣡡϶æһԲȥһųŵɷס
˵ϸһ㣡䲩Զ
䲩Զ֮ȻҲŭ⣬Ǳ䲩ʯǸɷģȴԵú˲١
϶״Է`ЦλүС治֪¶Ҵһֲٰġ
˼Ƕû͸¶ǹݣ䲩Զʵ
ǡ϶æ
ƨ䲩ʯŭһٲ˵ʵŲһȭԴ
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ûôҶʵ
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䲩ԶеĲ豭ϸ΢һƷĩյ֮л˳
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57 ³
䲩ԶŭóʱǶǰͻȻıŭЩ⡣
ѵʲô˿ôС׳ţȴǲ¶ɫװһʹģ˵ƽǱһȺ˺ġ
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ģ䲩ԶȻѲС׳һ䣬ΪԼƻ䲩Զƭ
һ磬ƽң˵ҪҶǲжҸλֵֵͽǶүѾ׼޹Ҳʮֵԥ
С׳̧ͷ˿䲩Զɫ˵ƽ˵һЩΪֵӦ߲嵶֮ĻһʱѪڣ㷸˳嶯Ҳ侲šźƽС׳˵ĨĨᣬʳ
˵ģǱ䲩ԶɫȻʵ
ԶʧҵøϿתƻ⣡С׳д⣬ڼбƬС֮ġ
˵գ۹ƺĿڵĺˣĿ֮˲ӿֳŭ䲩ʯʵ󲮣ǲǺͺƽȺһģ
ǻ˵ô˺Ȼûֱӻش𣬲䲩ʯ˵Ļȴǲÿɷ񡣵ȫûȥ˼ΪʲôӵС׳ʣȴƫƫԼ
С׳ЦһҪǸԼΪһڣԼıŭһĽͣ˵ֻ䲩ʯ˼򵥣С䲩ԶôõĴ𰸾
ɱˣС׳ŭһαź϶ͷһ
ұҪɱԾ󻼣ţС׳ĵ˺϶ͷ㡣
С׳ס֣
Ҷʺһɾ޴ʱӺ󱳴С׳Ѿ϶ͷҲӲͣ
˭ҲңҪƽ𣡡С׳װһ˻ߵģڸղŵͣ٣ɢ˿ֻܱΪץס˺϶ͷ

Ǻ϶ûӦͷǴ˾ʹ֮Уָоŷǯסͷ­һ㣬۾ⷭ
Ǻǣ޶֤С׳Цһһ̽ǰߵԴ
Ȱ
ʱҶȫת޿ɿ֮ܵ£ǧһ֮ʽС׳˻
岻ܿƵıˣС׳Ȼпܣȴû̫á
ģҶ쾹ȻյֵزôС׳аһ䣬ֻŭδ֣ܵҲҶʵ΢֮С
ͬ߶ʿ綨ôԪƿس̶ƺҪǿԼ࣡
嶯áҶıԼǿС׳ļ򣬿ɫȴǶ˼
һгĻұضۣܵС׳һ˿ײĹâȻһ˦ҶǰԼͷϵ֣ŭãʲôãƽѾˣƽ㵱ֵܣڳǰ㾹Ȼ̸ʲôã
С׳ĹӦҶȴû̫𾪣еɻЩǰߵ۾ĵΪƽֵܣԲŲɱ
ǺǣãðҶ죡С׳һʧ֮ı飬Цǿˣ
С׳ƽĳһᱨҶ쳣ᶨǰߵ֮ҲǶ˼ֺ⣺ңҸµĻ
ԣС׳ĵͷҲ΢΢ʶ˭Ҳĳı֡
ȴǣǺǣƽĲϰٱ
ãҶ졣㣡ϣܹ˵ĻֻƽŲװΪС׳̧ͷô˵ĿҶھΡ
Ҷһָ糣
ģҾԻĻֵͷ­ƽ
£оȻΪ˭ǸоóȻҶϲûбֳǸղǾ仰ȴ֤˿̵ıŭͱΡ
е˶ûгֻ紵ʱ΢

ŷȼɢ䡣
䲩Զ˱֣ʾԶԺ϶дˡ
㻹ûôƽߵǰԣʵ
϶֪޽ʱ˵Ŀͷ
ǺǣʲôҲ֪ǶһˡС׳˿ҵ
֮ʱӦ뵽ĺ˵գֱԪȻӿ
ɱҰɱҰ϶ŵһɧʺζ
ٲֱ۾Ȼ¡
ǹЮǿԪ֮ͫмٷŴ󣬺϶Ǵľ㶼ˡ
ˣ
Ȼֹͣ˺϶ͷϰ粻
ػʱ֣ǿԪ޴йȻ֮ɢ˵
϶Ȼأŷ̱һ㡣̶̵һʱȲ־ʵЩˡ
ҺãһܾԼĻ
ҡǵҴ˵һǹòĻ˺ðΣ϶ǿܹ˵
˵ãͿԱסҶĵ
Ǻ϶ԴϲҶͷ˫΢ڨЦűҪڡ
ãС׳оһת˲ҲһͷֻǰһѾס˺϶ڡŭȵ˵˵ûãһԴ
С׳ĿݺݵĶź϶۽΢΢鶯Ȼп֮⡣ֻҽˣ˵С£һţ˷ִ硣
£䲩ԶһȣĿɨС׳
ߣС׳ŭһǺ϶Ƶڵأڨڨ¡
˵ɡҶ
á϶һ`ЦһķеģڵλүҴ統պ˵һ仰
϶˶٣ȻѧִֺĿǣ⹫Ӹӥۣĳ󰡣
һӥۣĹӸ֮ݳªĿֻһˣ

ֱһּΪŭͬʱ˵Ŀ˳
ʹˣɱң䲩ʯѪӿתߡ
󲮣ҶӰһǰߵǰ
С죬㲻Ȱң¾޴ӳһ˵䲩ʯ
Ҷ컺ҡҡͷĿƽǰͣڵصʬ֮ϣ󲮣ҲҪȰ㣬ϣܹøңҪƽ𣡡
磬¾ͽСɡ䲩Щ˻ƣŰӵʬ塣
󲮣ҵ˵ĶԣĻ»ֱҵĻƴʱлĿ»ҡһ侲½ѴΪء
䲩ԶĿ֮΢֮˵ͷȻתá


58 
䲩ԶöȥӰܿʧڴ֮УҶٺ˼֮ҲǸ˹ȥ
䲩ԶҶ˫˫С׳зһ˿ײĹɫҶ档
ȥָָһĺ϶ĻԸ
磬ǲ̫ˣС׳ɫпܻԼµĺˣҪ֮ġ
￴С׳һۣĵС׳ƺأȥɡ
ƺصء֣˵ʱࡣС׳üһƺ䲩ԶҶﶼˣѵ¶ˡ
ãû¡»ƽҪҶʲôʱж鷳֪һˣһṱ׳ԼģС׳ҡͷװһģ
˵ͷǰߵĿҲΪѰζȷʵû£Ȼ˿ǶһЩ޹ؽҪƤˡ
С׳ײһү⻰ʲô˼
ǺһЦС׳ļ򣬵Цģȥ˰ɡڱ֮Ͳزˡ
ȻɫĿǻָ˳̬С׳˿ȴѾܹȷǾѾԼġ
Уֻ·ˡҪôһҪôС׳̧ͷĿɭĿ˿֮ǿҶ
Ҫôͱ뾡Ҷ֮ϵֻ⣡
С׳ôǸ˽ȵ֮ҲЩʧ̬˿˼˫֮еɫȴԵ￴
Ҷ˵ûС׳ȻЩ⡣΢΢̾һ䣺ңҪ̫ƽ˰
˸ִ룬һʱ䳡ǳĬ
ǾĥĥҪ˵ɱң˵ʬΣ䲩ʯǴֿƽֻ䲩Ȱš
仰˵Ǵӳ˼ѹǻδ䲩شС׳ȴͻȻϣڵ˵û߳жгرαηηβ
￴С׳Ŀٴηһ˿ɫС׳˵˱֮㲻ģٻذɡ
С׳һۣȴδ첽ߵ䲩ʯߣ󲮣ƽʬΪ׸羹Ȼ޶ԣС׳ȥҲ⣬ԸΪȷ棬һɱң
䲩ʯԸ³çҲ֮ټС׳ԴǼҲ̾ͱ˵˼һĺߵļ򣬴ãͶң
ߣС׳аЦȴһߵɫͷȥ
䲩ʯɸֵָָ䲩磬̾㰡滳СƽǲģҪͷ㾹ȻС׳Ȳϣ
վס
ʱ䲩ԶĴ߳סһ˷ܵС׳
ȥˡ䲩Զ䵭ɫҲǺޱ顣
үҡС׳ȡѲ֪˵Щʲô
ûҵĻô
ģ䲩ԶһҪŸ𣡡к޺޵İһ䣬С״˹˹֣Ȼתȥ
ܣ㵽ڸʲô˼С׳ıȴԣС׳ȥ䲩ʯͲסˣʵ޷Ѿӵ֤Ϊζֱűġ
磬ģƽ䲩ԶĿңңĿԶڵķ򣺡Ҫģƽ
ʲô䲩ʯҲļˣƵתȥ˴ֿڡ
Ҳˣ˻֮䲩ʯһӷ޷ȥ
䲩ʯС׳ȥ˱ߣڵĳֻʣ䲩Զ䲩硢ˡ
΢΢µҲʱƽ
ܣȰƽͻؼҰɣҪ˵䲩Զ˵
䲩һۿҲ˲ղΪ飬Ҳݲ̫ģܰŶаο䲩ǰѳֲסͷʹȻƽƽҲȲϳӵľǱϾҲͷϵ⣬񡭡
Ȼذɡǿˮƽĳû֮ǰԼһ

䲩һХʹֱֲ֮졣

䲩Զۡá
΢Щ谵˿ڵɫأƺ̽һΪص顣
С죬˵˵Ŀɡ䲩ԶԵҶ
ҶĿ⣬˵С׳켫ΪƽĹϵãɽȴֵıʹޱȣԲ̫
䲩Զ˵ͷʾҶ
Ҫúأ󲮴ңһҲǼΪɡҶ˵
ҲǴͬӿڵҾ˵ǱһȺΧôڴһʬ֮»˳ͻΧͱʵߣƫƫҿ˿Ȼȥأʵ϶һЩ޹ؽҪƤˣǰȻЩìܡ
ûһƽС׳ĪĹϵҶȭͷգʵµһжС׳ɡ
ΪʲôҪôأʲôһЩ벻ͨü֮䷺һ˿ɻ
Ϊƽ䡣䲩ԶĿڣӦû֪ıѾˡ
ͷϢֱҪ֪κһ֮еķǼصģ֣ҽһᱻС
壬Ե棿ʶʵ
ȴ£ѵһῪЦô䲩ԶֽĿתҶ죬С죬һܡ
Ҷһ˿ԤУ䲩Զ
ǾС˪
ʲôҶȻɫ
ҹ۲죬С׳ƺͶС˪ĽĳԭͼΪСĻ˲ҷΪǳڼҲпܡ䲩Զ
⼸֮˵ҶԺ֮Ѹ󶨸Ǿ仰֮ϣҪ־͹Ҷɣ
ҶüͷԽԽС׳һЩ
˭˵ģô֪ûˣ
˵ᵽ㣬ҿһֵ֮ƣǧҪ̫𡣡
ڻС׳պԼ˵ĻȷǱһζ
Щ֮˶ƽպҪõġҶƺͻȻЩʲô
ûʵ΢׵֡䲩Զ˵ͷһ䡣
Ӧ֣ͼƳҡҲǻȻ
壬С˪ҶͻȻжʱǵС˪֪һУΪԼС׳ѣԺҲǿ׵ĽӽС˪С˪Ҳ˿ķС׳ɱ֣ǡ
û£С˪㲻õġ䲩Զ˼Ƭ֮󿪿ڵҲС׳С˪ֻ֣ǵΪɳΪңôͻ֣αصȵڡС죬ʱҪС˪֪һ糣ãС˪Ǻĵ򵥣ŪûȥС׳ʱɾʹݾˡ
У壬ҲС˪ΣյľأҶն˵
ģзִ磬С˪δ޸ҵŮЦ䲩ԶĿ֣أ仰ȷʵҶ޴ӷ


59 
ʱǻƵĹâ͸ӵķ϶ڵأöһְ׵յС
壬ô죿￪ʵ
ѾĬãΪµȷʵǼ֡
䲩Զ⣬Ŀ֮һ˿ײɫ
壬ҪôԾͺ˺ɣΪ뵽ƽģҲټЩ嶯
䲩Զ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾Ȼպ˵Զ϶ǹ֮ɣǽƾһ֮ʾɱʦĻȻЩ˵ȥ
Ȼǿ̵ҲֻͳѣĻƴҲǸܾ˵ĽĻȴ֮˵³ç֮£ֱǵòʧ䲩ԶΪһ֮ľòȫΪһʱ֮ŭ㽫ҰҵΣվأôҲǳе
û²Ū̫ķһֱڳ˼֮еҶ˿̿˿ڡ
˼Ա֮αҲǴ֮˲Ҷ˼
Ҷ˵ͷɱ
¿Ҳֻһˡ䲩Զ̾˿ĸΪһ֮С֪˭ȴܹıֱǶߺҵһ衣
壬ͣһ־ν⻼Ҳ̫𡣡Ҷ쿴ǰ̬ǲ³еĸܡʱ̣䲩ԶȥôҵĶɾˡ
䲩Զٴ̾һ˵Ϊһ֮ȻҪ͵͵Ǻǡ
Ҷ˵öԡҲǿο壬Ĳִ̫ҵЩǴʼĶһԾΪ֮ܹȡַԾĽǶ벻ġ
䲩Զüһʮļ벻ףʱָ̬֮Ŀǻָ侲ɫڵǲˣֻһʱ˰ˡ
״Ҷڲŷ
壬½Ұɣһ˿⣬ӰԺ֮иֶ
磬֪㱨УǴЩסҶ˵
ΪΣɻʵ
һͳ֮ˣһ;ر˲ݣôѾǻԵġҶһ٣ҧ˵Ҷƽ׵ܵҲҵĺֵܣҡĸҲǱ
һΪʲôѡʱҶŹʹ಻顣ѪǰȴΪ˼ҶղñָоǺεȵᡣ
ãС죬ΪԼĻᣬԵлȻҲǺ޲ðʬΣǱܵģͲֵһᣬгеĻᣬø㡣ҶļϿҡ
лˡҶﵭЦЦҲǸмܹĻøԼ
ϾҶ컹Ƕ֮еκһܹɱԱ˴𣬶˺ޡ
ãС죬¾ͽˡ䲩Զ˼֮ҲǾӦҶ졣
ҶŶ˹˹֣ɫᶨ쳣

ң丮԰
˿һٻӰһƬ̵Ĳƺ֮Уִݵ֮¶һЦݡ
Ҷ磬ôϸֳһ˿ڴ飬˪ĽŲ֮ϲתͷ
߲Ҷ죬һİֵꡣ
Ҷ֮ɫ˲ЩѿС˪ҡ
Ŷ㰡С׳μ겢ûг֣˪ҲԿƵֳһĨʧɫ
ڼǰǿɰŮı֮С׳ɫҲǸк޵Ҷ죡׺
Ҷûһ𣿡˪Žż⣬̲ĵС׳š
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Ŷ˪ʧٴζ¡ȻС׳ûҶ£ҲʵǶǰ᲻һ˿
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С׳ӽסˣƬ֮ĵôԣ
˪ü΢С׳ΪЩãûлشǰߵ⣬Ҳʲôô
˿ɰŮ΢΢Ĳ죬С׳һ˿𣬺Լʧ̬
˲㱻Լס˵˽⣺˵Ҷ죬ҽֵܹܣҲ㲻ˡ
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ֺ˷ִô˪һеʵ
ǺǣȻ֪顣˪ɫС׳аЦһװһɫС˪ѵ㻹֪ô
ôˣʲôô˪ͷһ˿ǡ
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˪״ǽһСǵǣеʵôˣҶǲˣ
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ûСûСС˪㻹ǱˡС׳תҴȥȻװġ
ߣ˵Ҷ絽ôˣ˪׷˹С׳ǰ
ص̾һҶ쵽ûôƽү
ƽ磿ôˣһҶһƽ˪һͷˮ
ˡС׳̬ˣ˵תȥƺ䲻Ը¡
ݼ˵ֵ˪䲩ԶԿһ
˪Խһ˵ʲô
ƽү˺ˣС׳صĶ˶ţץ֣ȻʬΣ
ƽ硭ͻȻجõ˪ͷǰһЩڵء
С׳ϽһҪһѡȻҪĿ˳һѶ
˪ȴʧˡֻǽڻһȴ˲վȣҲ֮
С׳ڨڨջȥдϧ
Ҷô죿־޴ĳ˪Щ㱣֮Щʵ
ҲҪ˵ġڵ⣬С׳һ˿ɫָ糣Ѿ־ҶԸǻȥΪƽģ
УҪȥ⼸˪˲ʧȥ侲Ѿʧȥһ磬ɾʧȥҶ졣
ȵȣС׳ס˪һתȱȥ㻹˽ô˳ᰲġֻһ취ܹķսͣ
ʲô취˪ĶҶİΣС׳˵ĲҶһȥƽģΣ֮ԶС׳˵ܹͷյĻ֮˪Ҳǲ˼ʵ
취ʳļƻʱ֮ģԽϸԽãȻҡʱҰи汣˳ҾͲ棬˳ҲʩԮ֡˵գС׳˷ܵĵȴ˪Ļش
˪ҧҧ촽ƺ˼ŴµĿжȣȴûжǰ߲˿Ļɡ
ԥˣҶ˵Ѿǰҵ·ˣʱɾʲôˣС׳ߴٴŻĵ
ҶİΣռ˪ģǲԥĵãȥҶ磬һʲôϢ֪ͨ㡣˵գ첽ȥ
˪ӰĽԶС׳֮һ˿Ц


60 һ
ٵĽֵ֮ϣ˿ǵƻͨȻҹ䣬ڰ죬ӵȴ˿ûм١
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ǰӹ˹֣Ȼɨ¥̨֮ϣԥƬڻȥ

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ҿǽҺҵĴڡ
ǺǣȻ֪Цһ˿Ѿȫ̧ͷ­֮ЩݵҲǳ֮ͫС
ǡԽԽ죬һģӰԺ

磬ǺӰһգ֮ǰֻʱһ
㣡һɫһӶԼ֮ǰһǧɵİƣ
ûҡ껺ƿͷϵĶһ˫ڵӡ
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ʲôһҲǱ˿
˵ˣһҶ컺ǰƽ
Ǻǣҽ趫ǱҸϳôЦȻ竣ǿԼҶ޾ɫȴҲǸүǡ
мֹķӦҶҲ΢⣬ԼʱһܹʤǳԽ֮࣬ټֲ̤֮Ҫ֮ؾԲ̫ѡû뵽»ҳԷ̣һǸĵĵܵǿࡣ
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ղһȻûֻǲֿɲȴؿھʹƷǳ
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ĲҶ֮ŭɫҲԽԽŨ
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Ǻǣٽ㣬ٽ㣡ӰЦţڵȴǸҶ޿ɱܵľ롣

ǵЦ⻹δȫչѸٵתΪ˾㵣ΪҶӰڼǵһɲǾȻƾһתͬʱԪէȻԼǰ־޴͵˺壬䲻òɷԪ꣬Ѱߣ
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64 £һ
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65 £
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ǵӰվ֮ǽɫ˲ɳеĴʯͷ˵ϡ
Ҷ磡˪һǰһס֣һ˫鶯Ŀ֮Щ
С˪ûµġҶĸ˸˪㷢һ˿ж
䲩ʯ´Ҷһڼƺûʲô֮ŭСôŻһδ˯
ǰС죬ʲôͻȻ״ô䲩ԶҲѯʵ
Ŀɨһ飬ȷûС׳Ӱ֮Ҷ컺ڵС׳ڹɣ
һȻǶԺɣǴ˿̵õҶȷ֮ҲЩȡ
ģһѰӡƽȻ˲кҵˣȥ䲩ʯһ䣬޺תš
磡䲩Զæס³ç嶯ĴеЩΡ
磬²ô򵥣䲩Զŭ䲩ʯ͵ʱδ³çжǻһΣյľصġ
ԼıԶǵĵܵܣ䲩ʯǺŷģԴ˿Ҳֻܰסǻŭ𣬷޷޵صλ֮ϡ
ҹҺˡ䲩ʯҶ췽ż˵
˿Ҷ죬ġ
ʱѾƷϾҪȫгʱ򣬱ɱˡҶһ٣ɴ˿ɼڹضɡ
ǽ֮أʵ
ˡҶ̾˿˵ûֺܳûɱЩϧ
ͷһ¶ͬ綨ĶԾʵӦòӦʤѲ֮ŶԡҶĻȴ˵ʤС׳Ȼûܽɱǿϧ֮¡
ĿȵĿҶ죬мҶʵ֮ͬУܵˣ
䲩Զͫ׺ȻһӾлһΪ˶Ϳʱչˣ
һ˵ɫʱ
жףͺͬΪһ֮ѣǵпҼһʵģķң˵νǻĴ
ģǽ֮ʱȻڶԷݶ֪ǲδƣС׳棬˿ʱӦûʲôġ˵Ҷ˶٣Ŀת˪ĵһСһЩΪãرС˪
Ҷ˵ĶԣһСΪϣС׳ܹңҰģװֵġ䲩ԶҶļ򣬲֪ӺʱƺѾҵ֮һ
˵ͷ
´ͺãС׳ʱֵ̫ԣ»Ǻ̯˶ʱ򡣡䲩Զֲһ䡣
УڰɱҲҪţҪ鷳
εжν֮֮⣬²ûһ֪С׳ȴܹв֡
뵽Ҷзһ˿ɻ
С˪С׳ҹôĿһӹͣ˪ϡ˵вС׳ͬıΨһĿܱ˱ˡ
ҹ˪ҧ촽·ʶʲô
˵ʲôˣҶ׷ʵ
˵Ҫ㣬Ҿ͡ЩǸĵͷ˪С
˴ҶҲΪʲôС׳ܹԼ١
ûµģС˪ҲΪҺáҶ쵭ЦԺҪСˣС׳Ļ˵ʲô㶼ҪˡУҪôͺһҪôңҪԼһ˶
Ҷе֮£˪ۿ΢΢Щ죬˿˿ů
Ũģ˵Ƕǹһ˿Ц⣬Ȼ׷뿪Ϊһ
հĴҲֻʣӰվŶԷ


69 Ц
԰ռĹ㣬¥ɽ಻ʤһƬïܴ֡
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˿̣ӰٵĴľ֮У׷򶷣ƮݷǷ
ž
żˮһ㣬Ȼٴӯǰȥ
ںЦЦʺһԪӿȻó棬Ŵ˹ӰҲһʮɣ˲֮ǰ˵
˵˶Ҷڱȶ
Сˡ
ʵȻһƻȻֱ̽ǰߺġ
ԣȴҲţƣҶ
飡
һ죬˵Ӱ㶼ڰ֮ڷΣųļ
С죬ֽˣٶȥа±ܴﵽʿ綨ˡ
˻֣˸ղΪʱĻҳ̧ͷҶ죬ЦⰻȻ˵
죬Ҷڰ֮ƮȻ£żĴ棬δֺĻҳ
˵ЦˡҶǫЦԼȴ˶ʿ綨ĵð£ԡ
Ҷǫ飬ǰҶļ򣬵㰡Ҳ׾
˵գǺһЦȻȥҶͷȻ˼׷ǰ˲Уһûһš
ܿ죬ǰҰ
һƬƺ˿̵Сݸոƿ㣬һ̵ѿƺҲӳһƬ̡
ƺģһɰӰڵϣ˫°ͣĵĳ
˪ãСֽˡûǰǶǵӰߺ
˪ˮжʱֳһĨϲɫ΢ֳǿɰǳǳѡ
˭ӮˣöĿڴİҶ쿴ס
Ȼ磬ǰ˶ʿڣôܴĹҶЦ˵
ʵȻô˵Ǳȶȶþȫ浶ǹƴһѣ˭Ӯ˭䣬ǻ治̫˵
С죬ʲôʱѧ֣ǫȣǿɾͱɡټĿЦ
˭Ӯ˪С죬װ
Ӣ֮΢΢һ̣Ц˪ã˵СӮˣǲǵø˵
˪һ죬Щɬĵͷȥ½ǵŲأ֪ȡЦҡ
ģﻵЦʵȻСûӮȴҲû䡣Ǵɸƽ֣ô˪Ƿ⣿
֮ǰЦ˪ѹеĻϲķǵĵƭңҶ߶ʿ綨㶼Ѿǰ˶ˣôƽ֣
Ͳ˰ɣΪ˶ʿ綨ҵȷʵҪǿСһЩҪٶȡͱ֮ܶϡ˵һ٣ɫĿҶĵ㣬ҲֻгܶȺ΢ռŶѣС̤ͰƣٶȺͱǺǡ
죬ûм˵ȥ
֮ǰŴα㵽Լǫ飬Դ˿ҶҲǲ׼ٽб⣬˵ֵǫǿǲ̫ð
˪̲סķһ˿ϲЦ⣬дԺһ˫ĿҶ
Ҫ֪ǹϵСһˣҶ쾹Ȼܹƾŵһ׵ʵ֮ƽ֣ӵ֤Ҷ֮ƣǲԤʾţԽò˶ˡ
˪ǸģЦЦ˪ãҵ˾˸簡ҼǵǰʱÿҺͱ˱ȶɶΪһء
˪Сһ죬Ʊûأ
Ʊ磿ҪҪҸ֤˳
ߣȥҰɣȥƺˣƽ硭Ȼֹƽ˪»Ҫһʱܡ
״Ҷǰĸ˸˪㷢С˪ˣţƽҲϣΪġ
˪ͷҶļϣһʱȻ
Ϊᵽƽ˵Ҳ˲ЩĬ󣬻ȴƽ
һŷӲԼӵܵȥʹ˳ǿЦС죬˵ٶȻǿأֻ˰ʱ䣬ﵽ߶κڣҵֱ꣬ûȰ
ʱڲɿţ˿̾սС׳ȥ˰ࡣ
ڼ䣬Ҷʵδõֻ̫ǽ뵽߶ʿڶѡ
˵ٶȣڱ˿Ҳνǽչˡ
ˣȻҲǰ츳˵Ҷûг֮ǰǱΪĴڡ
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ҶǺһЦÿɷ񡣹ٶȣŵĶҲɲǫ顣
̧ͷ˿ɫӰбǵ˰ʮ֡
Ҷ̾һһʱҪˣҡ
ʱҶÿնҹ˾ʱҵ֮°ʱȥҲһЧ˿ĵ֮Լĳһǵ㣬ǵӦþҵĳΡ
磬⼸С˪ɣȥһ¡
Ҷʱ䶼Ǻ˪һԲûнɽѰڵĻᡣҴҪؽڵΣյĲ£ȻܴС˪ͬȥ
Ҫʲôȥ˪еʵǺҶ쵥Լڼĵ
ġҶ˪СЦֻɽ߰ˣþûȥġ
һ£漰ڣԾ˪ҶҲǲ˵ʵ顣Ų˪ΪŮĻеʱһ˵©죬Ҫ鷳
Ҳȥ˪˼
УɽޣʮΣաҶնľܾ
Ҳ£֮Ǽ㣬ȭգҶ֤Լĵ
°ҶĶͷԼ˼ġ֪ŮʮΡ
Ҷ£ʲô˪һ˫ˮգѽգģСɻʵ
ǺǡһԵҲǱǴӴܣЦһһͬĿҶ쿴ȥ
˰ҶҲ̲סЦ٩С˪ҼǵøʶʱǺܴأôڡ
˵գҶһۣǺǻЦ
˵ұ˪һѾסҶĶ䣬һ˵һԡ
ˡˡҶġ
⻹ࡣ˪žµС֮ϸֵɫ
Ҷ͵˪ǴˣֹǱֱͱˣ
˪ȴûзƬ֮ȴҶҽ
˵Լұ˰ɡ
ϦȻ䣬ӳƲҲ˺ɫƵĹâأһжԵôİƽ͡
ҵС·֮ϲϴ˵Цں滺ĸţǰǶҸˣǷһ˿ĵοЦ


70 С׳ʹ
ϲ࣬һׯ԰ȻռȲǰ㣬ҲνǲСĴˡ
֮ǰʯʨܶĶľơʯʨ࣬׳Ŀ׶վһš
ǵķͬؿ֮ý˿һ֣ݵơ
ٴش֮ϣֻȴŸߴɣͭƣٲȻͬһ㣬ʺءȷ񣬳֮Ϊ԰ʵǲ̫С
Ҳܽ԰֣ǳػࡣ
ǰһסİͣҵ֮Աǡ
лһڲӣװʲôý˻ŵһ󸯳ζ
վסһס꣬ȵϽҲĵط
һȻͷ˿ԼѪ·ǹһ˿Цۿ˵ͣ˵ע棬ģģ治ҥ
ζЩ̱ǣǴ󺺰ֻ˻ӣŭСӣҰˣ
ŶҺ˲ô겻мһЦ˵̩˵ˡ
ϳⷽԲڣ˭ֱ̩
ģҿҴǰɣǴߣ䣬ǰѵԲ֮ˡ
šһסǰߣȻ󸽶˵Щʲô
Ǵ¶һɻɫԥƬ֮󣬺޺޵Ŀ˰һۣȻƿţ԰ڲȥ
״һЦ֮Ա
ٴδ򿪡
߳ӰһǸղŽȥŵĴ󺺣һȴһλѮߣŷΣӦҵĹ¼
λСֵܣǼǿƻجһ˿ײľ⣬ڴŰ
˵ͷδ
ǺǣԲסСֵܣǡ£ԳӭʲôҪĻȸ֪࣬Եת档Ц˻ƣЩ
ƤЦⲻЦı飬ǰȴûܼһ˿ֻҡҡͷЦŶ£Ϊ˹°ɣ
һеһֹү竣֪ʲôˣ˵ѾܳʱûӰء
Щ֮ͬȴͫ͵һǹЦҲ˲佩Ӳ
ʧ٣Ѿ˰̩࣬Ϣ˳ҵһЩҪ֮⣬˵֪
ε֪ģƬ̣߻عĵ
Ǻǣ㲻֪Ҳûĺㆪ£ֻм̩ҲܿڡĿˣƺһԱȫĳ롣
۽΢΢鴤һ£ǿ²ֱ֮ϻӿ˱Ԫ
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ָ΢оȣԭ伣֮õĿĹɭ
һƺû뵽ǰȥʮ˾꾹ȻܹʶԼݡ
㵹ǼŹ㲩ǸɭѾˣֻҵһϹ¶ѡߵĿЩǵĿԶƺ׷Լ߳Ƶĵꡣ
Ǻǣկ󵱼ңһֻƽ׾ƷָڵʱνǺ䶯һʱ깰˹ʾ⣬ֻ˲䣬ȴֻһתĵʮǰڶǿйңʱҿ»ֻһɣ
˵ʲôкŽɭȻ
µӰ΢΢˲ƺЦţû˿ľ֮⡣Ƭ̺󣬷ż˵ǣһսԹѵڣկҲǱˣһֱۣ԰ɣ
ҵˣ߻¶ʱɢɱ⣬Ӱ
ڵߣǰȴȻ壬ǺһЦ˵˽䲩Զ԰ɣһսɨضȴĿʼ
㵽˭Ѿǰǿµֱۻƺʱһ
˭ҪҲóģңȻʦ綨ǿߣڣֻа˶ʿʵ˰ɣӰмĵ
µ˽̶ȣ֮ˣ㾹ҳǰôߵ˻ƵͳڵԼңǺ֮ǵġ
ҵˣ˵˶٣ֲһ䣺˵ĲȫΪҳ⣡
ұժ£¶ڲеݡ
ֵļ΢ԲЦ˿ȥЩǡ
С׳
ͻȻ𣬽ţһĿӥ˳ЩĶ꣬

̩ĳ֣ߵڵǹʾ⡣
ûĴǣ̩첽С׳ǰһеĺɫӣаϢ
С׳δֻǹ˹֣Ȼ
˵գС׳Ŀɨɨ̩״»⣬һƣȻǰ԰ڲȥ
ڵˣһƧ᷿֮ڡ
ôˣǲǳʲôˣһݣ̩Ȳ׷
С׳һɣǺɫӵĴڱ˲ɢ֮һɶ˱ǣ̵ֱ˶¡
̩űӣЩɻ￴ȥ
һ̩͵˵Ǵ֮ϣʬᡣ
߼״Ҳüͷ壬ĬĬվվһľ㵡
ʬ帯ó̶ȣ˰ࡣ䣬ѪɫһһЩ渽ϵĸ⵱УֻģǲǷ
һʱ䣬ڳֻ̩ݺ
С׳Ҳżֻվһ԰ĵţȻɱ־ϲδֳ˿ɫ
Լһʱ̩ȭͷ죬ҧҶô
̩С׳û˿ĻɣΪᵽͺߵĺϵټС׳һʬ壬̩ʹ֮ҲǲδϸֱӱǰݳʶʩӵҶͷϡ
Ǻǣʡ˽͵ĿࡣС׳Цһԭ׼һ֤Լ׵˵ǣû뵽Ȼòˡ
˭С׳ҲɫߺޣȻҶĺ⣬ɲװġ
飡
̴ľԲ˲ķѣ̩ɱҧҶ죡ҪʬΣ
ŭ̩ϸ磬ȥɱңҶ죡
һ漴ҲǷ˿ϲɫô̩ͺԼ˵ʲộǵ˱ʱˣ
˵飬С׳ֿ˻ֲ̩ݱ˵ĸоҲʵˬһѡ
ţС׳סѾߵſڵ̩װһĳģ˵䲻ĻڻҵĶ֣Ӳƴʤ̫ͣʵΪ²ߡ
һ̩ĽŲʱղŵĳ嶯Ҳɢ˲١
תͷС׳ô˻ʲôıǱ㲻˵С׳ġ
С׳ʱ죬ڵһ취ܹҶ죡
˵̩ģܹѪƴɱҶĻǼֱٺòˡ
̩ףС׳ǺЦһȻ󽫶һСԼļƻ


71 
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һӰڳ͸ʱ̣Ƿ԰ǸʵΧǽܿ˻ǵĿ󣬶ɽȥ
ǵӰݣذȴͦñֱɢһӢʡ
Ųɿ죬ýգ۱ʧ˽ֵľͷ֮С
ѣ˯ˣ
εڣϸ΢˵
ɶӻû˯ϰʱء
һģĴ˯Ը
˯˯˯ľ֪˯
˵ľCȴǰͬǰͨģǰߵĻ˫С֮ȴ˸ż黫Ŀ⡣
˵壬Ǹ㶢ŵô⵷ʲôңӻû˯أ󺺱Թһ䣬ٴα˳صƤ
ž
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뵽ٺһЦǰԺ˵ԶԶԣǸǵĴ밡ɵΪʲôǼǸʲôҶô
԰ôˣЩ⡣
˵۸ⰾţܲܣס
ͷѾﰾҹˣζʵǲ̫
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ǣϸĻһ£ղӰҶɡ˵գͳһһˣҶ졣
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˶̩С׳ļƻΧߣС׳˼ܣǵϰ֮£²ԪйɣǱôͨˡ
Ҫ˵ˣҲǾС׳ϸѡġҵͨ˵Уܹ֤й¶ڷĿ֮ʵ̫١ѡȥҲֻѡɫݵĽ壬Ϊ˾׳Ľгӽϴ
Ȼ̫⣬Ϊ˲ע⣬Ҳֻܽˡ

˪ãǿ˵ˣ֮ǰѰѰĵҶ죬Ƕû
Լ˵壬˸ǷȻҵſڿȥ
鿪߳Ӱ
һĿǷһپ£ɰ˪öˡ
ү˪С㣡ڻ𾴡
˶ǻЦ⣬ʾء
˪ã˵ûаΪ˰磬ԼʵЩûޡ
Ϸһ˿ɫ˪һĵѽ֪֪֪
̾һҲû˵ʲô
ԭҶ͵͵߱˪֣ҪȥҶ죬ֲֲĿַǳʱһֻ֮һɽ
磬ذҿסС˪ܣڿǲ̫ƽ
Ժ֮иҶҹиԼĻͣŲ˪ãˣҪôǻǱȥˡ
ܴȰȰӣİ취ֻʣ¿ˡ
У˪Сһ٣ᶨĵ
ҲУװŭ
˪һƺû뵽ﾹȻԼ
ҲҪˣԼȥһţ˪Լǰȥ
ˡ̾ԳҺʱŮŪ˵ز
ȷŮԵߵ꣬õʱʵǺް취
ԣ֮϶ʱӿ˾ѣ˪ЦȻĵҾ֪ˣ
Сøƨã㻹ΪҲɡһۣԵĲ顣
˪Ҳûɫ磬ҲΪ㣬ķǳҶ磬ÿγȥ
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˪һЦϽȥ
Ӱܿʧ˽ֵľͷǶνͷ˷ܣղ˵ĶԻǱȥѾȷ֮ǰӰҶɡ
뵽ĨĨ촽ֻҪϢ˳ĴңǼµͿɾ͵ˡ

֮ǰ˿ۼһʮ˵СӣȻǺܶ࣬ǿǵҲǿԿ֧СӾɾɵġ
Сӵǰ棬һٷǿȥŷƶֵסһӰ˿ȴɢ˵
˫֮лȻһ⣬߻ͷһ֣֮Щ˷ܵĵ
EEEEE
Ų˷ûѡΪ̫Ķˣ˵ĽŲҲⰲĽֵлص˿
ȥСӣ̩۽΢΢鶯Ҷ죡ʱˣ
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С׳Цߵ̩ߣάҹȻԻҿȺ¶ʿʵɣټϿָǰԳ֣ҶӦǲˣ
ǺǣԻɲȺһһȣֱǲĿ̩Ϊ˲Դǣѡ䲩ԶĶбǿɼһߡҪ佱С׳ȴƫƫ˵һ仰
ԣС׳һ˿ײŭ⣬ЦҵͷôǺǣǲƽϵģΪҸҵǰ䣬ÿǺҪء
ЦˡɫĹ˹֡С׳ĻεԼϣ̩ԶҲֲˡ
ǺǣС׳ǫˣ̩С׳ļ򣬾ȻֳһΪӡ
ǹһ˿Ļȣָ糣С׳һЦûǫ飬ˡ
Ȼûз˿̩ҲǺˬһЦ§סС׳ļ򣬵ߣϼȥ
ǺǣƻǵҶԴ֮ٺȰɡС׳²Ľִ̩Ӽ¡ִ̩ǴƲġ
ĹɱʧС׳ĿңңԶ̩ǿĹ֮ϲ˴ˣηɱҶĳɹʽֱ


72 Ѫħ

ХУѩ
ȻǴůʱ򣬵ɽΧȴȻǺ䶬ʵɽ֮ϳѩƣɽڲƣһ񣬲֪Ѿ˶ٸǧͷ
Ҷڵǿ񱩵ķѩӰԾǳһɽɽ֮ϡ
ȥƲ㷭ƮƮ죬ʱԵһֺճӳϼƥ

һɽСĻ֮УҶͷʱһɺ쳤Х䣬ǼԽᴩʣԶԶĻص˿
þòɢҶ쿪˫ۣɽߵſϴӡ
˴ɽΧˣҶʵҲֻܵ
̧ź󷽿ȥԶĵطԼһɴӺвη죬͵˻¡¡ľ졣
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ƣȻӵӵ
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Ҷи̾һ䣬ΪӶǱ˴Ĵӣɿֱ֧ǲֵһᡣ
лᣬһҪӵĶȥ
Ȼ֮еҶ죬˿ͻȻһҪչ߷ɵĸоԼһֱСУ˵û涼Ϊ
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ʱޣҶҲǰɱ޵ƷСƽװƷؽһƷ֮䡣
ѡ񲢲ûеΪƽװƷ֮µǲ̻ؽڵģؽһƷ֮ϵʵѾܹʦ綨ǿҶڵʵ»Ժ俹⡣
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ͫ΢΢һҶĿѸһ֮еĺӰϡ
Ѫħǣ
һҶԥƬ̣ӶԪӿ̤ʩչһԾ䣬ǻӰƮȻϡ
ѪħǣǵؽһƷޣѪ׶Ȼʵ֮ͬҪ࣬ȺӵϰԣҲǲСĴڡ
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뵽Ҷת뿪ɲӲŶȴͻȻһ졣
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ּص˿̵ĺѪħѾֹͣХУһƬףЩԵô̶
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һҶ˲ǣԻȻӿ֣סĸҪ

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ĺÿ죡а̾һҶһȻѪħǵʬ壬ʧ֮С

һԳӰٵ˸֮䣬ǵӰļͷһͷѵĺѪħʬ塣
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ҶЩŤıͷȥʹֿƶǵҲǵִ
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Ҷֹһ䣬ƮȻ£˫һѩ棬ĨɾϵѪȻظ


73 
ɽΧһƬ֮䣬ʮӰȻĴдԱ
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ЩӰݺᣬشּ䣬һŴ״̬ʲô
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ϣֵѾһˣӰûɫټɽ֮ж޳û㿴ǲǡϵߣһ׳ĺӹ˿ϣʵ
ǱϵߣȻǰɱҶĿĹɭ
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֮ˣĹֻҪлᣬǾԲŹһ˵ģ
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ҵһս䲩ԶȥһۣʵɽկǧֵҲǾԼľӪʮկһϦ֮һ˵ȴܲҺ֮ǣ
ңҶǲͬС׳˵δĻʯ֮һܹǿ൱䲩Զһұۡ
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֪ҡҡͷоһ˿ΣյϢԪӿһ˫ӥĶС

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ڳ֣ȴȻ治ɫǰһ߹˹֣̩Ȼĵ֪մΪΧסöˣ
Ĵ䲻Ҳ΢΢һСֵܺõʶɽҰ뱻Χңѵð
ӵ˶ûбҪҲǲ׵
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ϡһϸĿ˿ˣȻߵߣ˵Щʲô
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ѵҵĳУиӾ
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ңҵˣﺮʵܹϳöˣټ֮ǰһЩƶϣҲǿȷȺ˱ҵ
ٺ٣ɭȻһЦһһٵĵկˣ
˵գڻʹ˸ɫȻһϷı顣
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ͫ΢˶ʿǿԪӿһʱֻڶǺЩǶһ
ȻʵǺûܲסȺǣȺǵĺ棬һӿµĴڡ
΢ۣƲסĳ鶯ţһҵС֮ţһ䲩ԶŮջܲ˷ܡ


74 ɱ
£ҹɫŨ
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ǰһţǻȥıؾ֮·ʱŮǡɴﾭҶ΢Ц⣬ǼŮȴɫţ֮ҴҶȥ
ôˡҶзһ˿ԤУҹҺд·
뵽ҶһתŲɿסȥ
һ·֮Ϻͣ٣ڼڼԼ֮һģҶе
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ճʱӦø˯ѣûڷУȥء
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˵Ҷһ˿ɫ˵磬֪ǣ˭ǣ
Ҳ֪Ӧǽɽģɺ֮ȴϳҺ˪áͫһһ٣ԼʮˣʵߣͷǸͷȴЩͬȻʵҲڰ˾ŶʿңһֹѧȴʹΪ
أԻԵ˪һۣɫ˼֣ʱԹ˲ϾС˪Ϊ˲ҡ
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һչ˲С˪ҵıȻһƣʱΪС˪϶ǡ˵꣬һɫҲһЩҿС˪Ȼʣµӣ¾Ҫжȹˡ
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75 ƹ
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Ҷ̾һҡͷȺˣۿ˵͵ıܣղĺأ
ģ㻹Ϊүүǳ԰׷ģһİȻҲûĺҶټȥ
ǴĿ࣬ЩţȣҲʮ㡣
ƺ˵Ĵ󺺣Ҷȴһ۵鶼ûУ̫Ѩ˸ĵȻ㲻԰׷Ҿͳȫ㡣
˵գоⱩһһӱͬ糸ıȥ
״ǴһץӱѱС
ٺ٣С
һֻû˵ڣͻȻ˻ʹȻǿӾȻ˲˾޴Ӳһصǻյ֮ϡ
䣬Ѿ˷ĩӵδͣͣȻƲֹĴԹ
ˡ
Ӷ˺ǽϣֱûβ˼ٵĲ֮
˼ûƺ඼ûˡҶ֣ʧһ㡣
һĻȻ˼֣ǰ˱ɱҶΪ⣬ֻǰصġ
ֵǣһϣŪ˸ӣȺв֪˭һȻǶĳ鵶һͬ顣
ǺǡҶ첻мЦЦ˹˹ָһƵ


76 ս
ॣ
鵶֮ڶҵһڻǰγϱͬ׽һ㣬Ҷ춢
ŵǾƹݵϰžѹһ̼־ǰϹҾͣλүС걾СǾڰүкãľǮˣС϶ǵ𣿡
膪£һһѽƹƵڵأŵĵҲ붯֣СӲϣҪ־͹ɣ
ƹ˳Ŵ󺺵Ŀ⿴ȥֻǽľһʮ꣬ӹǹֵģ¶Ⱥүүһȭӡ
Ժиֳ걻һȭҶϹͷĲƹĲ̵죬ҶǰλСֵܰҪʲôϰɣ֪˭ôǿҵ˰
üͷ΢壬Ҷʶ߿һۣеȻҵô
ȻԤУǴ˿̵õƹȷ̲֮סЩȡҵƾʲô֪ǵ٣
ֵǣ϶㣬ȵƲˣɾͲóˡϰһֻΣһڣЩ͵ĵ
ƺðϣ
ȺţʰСӣ缸һĹӡ
һڴ󺺽Ҷ⡣
ڵȺ˿νǷͷһı֮ǰɽΧĬû϶֣ǰǰ߱ƵԹ˲Ͼ
ʲôǿ򶦶ſĴڣСһˣ
ǰСأȻѡϳ˲СķͷҲֻ߶ʿ綨ѣѵǿȥ
˵ţǲҶϣһĦȭƣ͵һҶԴˡ
ȺɷģƹҲ֪޷ֹˣֻܰ̾һŵĶ㵽һȫڡ
ɱ
һ𣬵Ȼ𣬻һȣҶ
΢Ƿһ˿мĻȡ׺ĵҶȴ㶼Ķһ¡
Ц⵭ȻȻһڴˣеĲ룬ǱأƷϱ˱ȣơ
۽ǳ鴤һ£аЦСӣͷſ񣡡
תۼ䣬ɱ˼⵶ǰڵ͵ƣ˸λε׹⡣
Ǻǡ
ҶЦһֻŲȻһֻȴ͵̽һжʱֳһ޴Ԫ
͵Ȼ˺Ŵڵһ
֮𣬲Ʊ̳ΰʡһпɶ֮ﾡԱ
ȻȺҲ⡣⵶ǵ죬ҡͷβҪֶ
ѾҶǰĴҲǾһ׳˶Ȼͬпݲһ㣬޵ֿ֮ı֮С
ۣ
죬ԪԽתԽգۼǴﵽһɷԲĳߴ磬ϣڶ
ˡ
ֵŷһڴֱ۷飬ĿеĸֵЩ̬֮£ȴһıȥ
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ಣ
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ಣ
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ǰסǼ󺺣Ǿ壬ǿҵǲϵŤţҪģǵȾ޴֮£аᡣ

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žડ
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Ҷ춼ȻѹƵļʮֵܶã˼ˡ֮ǰӣֱǺݺݵĳһ⣡
͵һ飬ϻȻǿµη·˲Ϣ˼֣ǿԪȻɢǵֿ
ôûȺôűŭһЦҶ쳰
ȥģû֮ǰǸۺϷĵȻģƿڴһָһ㣬һڹҶ
ĹɭԳֿɲȺɫܱȵģҶɫһƻȻطâһ֮䣬ɫǰ
飡
ڹݺݵײڽɫ֮ϣһ죬ǿԪ͵һƺΧĿΪ֮񶯡
ѽϣ
ͻȻɢȺƴֿһڴҲǶˤ˸ʮͬʱֳҲ׳۵ĺܡ
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ϿȺһָûˤص£һʱĻɱ֮ҲŤ
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
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ݣ
ĵ˺ѿҶ塣
ͫ΢еâսڲŸոտʼ
ܹһնĵâҶ˳ƶϣɫ²һһ󺺵ϡ

һҺǴ󺺵ӰɶȥصײǽϣȻǻˡ
ֻǱһƻеͬɨһۣٴϡ
Ⱥֵ̣Ȼʵ㲻ǿǹ򣬾Ϊһɥš
Ǽ·Ǽ·ǣڻϸվһԣвסָš
ϵָӣԭҪֵǰĴ󺺶ʱᵶƣһģ
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ⱥϵָ֮£ս˲ֻһΡ
ѹܸǣЩѲ
ݣ
һɾϮҶæƫͷһâһԲΪ롣
˶ʵսǿĶ飬зģǺ¾촦
뵽ҶԵУ˿Ĵ⡣
Ӱɳۣѽѷ֡
𣬶Է˶ڣҶҲ֮ʱǴֻǶʿʵȻ׺ڰԪȴܶҶʲôʵԵ˺
ˣǽɫҲ˼֡
ȺѵأصõѾǵӣץʲôˡҶа̾һ䣺Ǻȥߵļ󣡡
飡
ױ֮Ҷٴαеһ֮ĿͽȻתһϡ
ν
仰ҶԺ֮зӹֻҪܹɱϣôȺȺҲǶԼʲôвˣ
˿̣ɭĿҲͶĿײƺһεĻ𻨡

Ҷʺһٴġ
һڴ֮ǰԹĿһӰˣжʱֳôһյء

΢΢һ̣δ׳αɢҶӰƾһΣһЩģ


77 
ճɴ磡̤࣡
Ҷϼľ벻ɶѣ˿̤ʩչȻͬƿնһ㣬գ֮ѳںߵǰ
ϴ󾪣˫֮ĲֻҶӰǱŵɫâ
ָ
˻һǧһ֮ʣҲճ֣ǿµָ֮϶ʱһӭŵâȥ
ࣣ
ûеĴ죬һ˸˿ذѶԷס
һĵʹĴҶϷһ˿ɫ
̧һղź϶ԻֻģǶһݵĺڵ㡣
ȻѲѹ£Ҷ찵Ծ죺ԿЩвͨˡ
ôСѣϷĿָɻܣһ̩ȻģЦĿҶ죬һЦ顣
ϵķ絭ᣬʵд˿ȴǾ졢ѣ
ղӲҶİ֮ǲڴ֮еָǾҵĲֹͣǹǶϽ۰ʹѾľʹĸоʹڵ䲩ԶĶƴУҲǲйġ
䲩Զʹǿ˲ֹһǰ㰡о̾һǿƽ˫УȴǲײһĹâܵעҶһһ
ϺֶΣ
ǿĹϹȻ
ȺղűҶһǹĴǴ˿Ҳǻع׷׶ƨ
ʵҲȫƨղҶһ۵糸Ǹк֮󣬶ΪԼǾȻ㲻һġ
ǺǣϼΪŤǣЦúܲȻ
ϸȴδ˷֣Ⱥ󺺴˿϶ϱʤٴγ
ϣץͺˣôճһԣŮ
˵ûǲ֪ǻǲͯͯŮǵĻǿɾûɶ˼ˡ
ôû˼ҪǲǵĻеľ˩ٺ٣Ůľ͡
ģʲô˼˵һĴ˸ղһѣ̤һҶ죬ƵĵŮľͰǹ·ʮֵһ˸һ飡
ǡ
Ⱥ˵ԻҶһ˫ȭͷյĿĿ죬ҲŨصɱ⡣
֮ǰΪѾС˪кⲢô񱩣Ⱥ˾Ҳ֪ĳС˪ǽ
㡢ȥ
ûУҶӰǳǴ󺺵ǰеı֮ⱩɢżǷ
ڴ󺺾ɵ˫֮УһȭӰͬǰԼʶģ󺺽˫۽滤סš
ǲ
ȭӰ۶˫ۣȻݿĺǰߵԴ֮ϡ
飡
ըУѪԽĽΧȥ
һȭ䱬Ǵ󺺵Դ
һжڵʯ֮䣬ЩǵĳЦδü𣬱֮ｦ˿С
ڳģ֮⣬û˷ӳĹǼӦҲֹ
ڻɱ֮󣬿ŭҶ첢ûмˣǽǵֱĵĿ⻺ɨÿһˣͳѪ֮𣺡ǡͳͳȥɡ
һֺ˵֮£˿
ֵѪ꣬һ˿ҲǱ⺮סȻԭء
һ㡣Ҷ컺һĸ߸ȥ
վȺ󷽣֮ǰ͸ձҶ˵Ĵ󺺽лǻڡڣų֮˿Ѫɫ֮У˾壬岻סʪһƬ
ȺÿһͨҶ컺дɱΧҴһ¡
ŸʲôɱĹɭϾǼ̵ˣһ֮ǻ׸Σæ
ϵĺʱЩѹҶ죬Ҳֻǽ߬ŵ㿴ңҿ㣬û˸ȳ֡
Һƴˣ
ǳ֮ܲ־ϵѹȣȻųҶ쿳

ĳͣ˾Ҷͷ­һĵطǳ֮˾ĵͷȥŹᴩԼŵֱۣҪ˵ЩʲôѾ촽ȶ˼£Ѫĭ˳Ȼһͷڵϡ
⡭Ե˷׷˿ǰ˵Ĳ״ɥʧ˵ֿĵ
ģϵһֶ߻ĳһǰ
ǣ
䣬Ӱʱȥ
ĸϣȻ³ָָԼͷ­ʬ壬Ŀ׶̡
˶һۣǿ˶ԷҲľҲһһ
ɱ
ڣٴ˶ס־޴ѹŵҶ쿳ȥ
żôҶĿɨˣĵһûֵ㣡
ǣ
ױ֮Ҷܹĳһƺһˡ
˲ҽһڰƾ޴֮¶֫ɣһѪ
ʲôʲôĵʲôأƴȥʮһͻᱻҶɱ⡣
ϵĺǳ⣬ȴǳ
Ƭ֮󡭡
ɱ
Ӱ
ƴˣ
Ҳ
ӵĺʱͬеһҧսҶ쿳ȥಫеǿɥת룬״裬һƬҡ
ܣܣ
ɫһָһ㣬һâһŵ֮˺ȥ
Ⱥ֮УҶ챩һƿǺâɱ֮ʱ֮
һͨһڵأ۵˺üͷһĵллˣллˡ
˶һȻĿߣҲ벻ΪʲôҶ쾹Ȼ־Ҫ֪ڸղŽʱɤߵ֮һ
Ҷ첢һĿ⣬ҲȥǲϿͷ֮ˣﵭ³˼֣ȡ
һǿͷ֮˶ʱ̧ͷɫž󣬻
ƽ޲ƺ޳ɵȥ
أҽжûüͷѡѪĽĲ״ٴݣ
Ҷ죡̫˵ɣ
˿̣ɱ˶ЩȥˣȻȥĲҶɱˣҶɱģ
ڸղҶԴһ̣ϻȻ˲һ亹
ΪѾͷ֮л֮ȥ֮еǣȴǱһѮߣЩ£۲мոպҵĶС㣬˭ء
ⲻԼ
ɱɱ˻ߵĴţˡ
϶ʧȥִ磬Ҫ˵Ⱥײˡ
˿̳ɸֻϻص
ͻȻһȴ纮͸˹Ϊӳ˵ĶС
ۣ֮˪ҵۣ
۵
ֵл䣬ں֮ԱǻڲõΪЩԸμжǸڲøղţȻΪ˳˪
Ҷɨˣ֮вûΪǵĺڶ˿֮⣬ϣеĵԣǱ


78 
ƴӣ
ǻÿ˵С
˿̣һƬţ˶ѹԼĺ˫۶ŵذ岻̧һ˫ҲͬǦһ㣬Ķԭأһ춯ҶĿ⣬ӶԼΪһ֮ˡ

֪ʱϯյĽֵ
һƬƿƮס˲¹⡣ͻ䣬ñЩŵո˼֡
ţ

еˣǰҷ˿졣
ʱţһյ衢һ㡢һʱ
û֪׹˶೤ʱ䣬ȴ˿־ȴһԼ尾Ĺ̡
ɱҰɣܲˣ
ڣ˱ˣ
һ˫ֽԴһĳ嵽Ҷǰźߵ죬˻ɱңɱң
Ҷ첻мĿһֽۣƿˣղŶ˭ԲѷԼվģˡ
ҶϾһɱ˿ħղŵΪҲֻһʱŭ˶ѡ

жʱһҶĻ֪УǾȻѾʥּһ㡣
Ȼв֮
⡢λС磬ҿʲôû˵˰һųĿҶ죬µʵ
˵ͷʾϿɡ
桢ģ˽Ų̽ԵǰŲŲҶ첢ûֹʶ֮ɫʱϲһĴڳ˾ƹݡ
Ӱոȥ˷ܵĿŷͷſҪѹľ
һĨɫҶļ˵ϵһöƬ
ಣ
״Ƭҹɫһ˾Ĺâȥ
һʹ˵Ӱʱԭأֵ̧ƣŵԺȥ
һճĸоУʪʪġġ
ͨӰȥ
һĻҪҶ쿪ڵ˶ʱȥҲٴ˳š
Ҷʬ֮ջĿ⣬ĵ֮ǰС˪ǸΪȲѣҿԭ¡
ǣȻƲԼˣȴӦÿƵסԼͣԻˣ⣬ɾǾȡˣ
Ҷ߰ǳЩ֮ȴͷһɫѸٻҰ
˭˵˭û˵ҼǵúҪˮ㣬ǺǡЦһҶָָǵʬ壬³
̧ۿȥֻǰһ֮ϲһƬɣѪѾȾ˺ôһƬ档
硢ʬͷ
ǰıǲĴ
ˣߵĶ߰ɡ
ҶٴȻģŷڶС֮£һЩ˵һЩҲ̤
ߣ˻ſŲȥǵӣ˷дź£ּдϲʵЦ
߰ɣ϶ˣ㻹һ׳һѣʾٳǿ
ֵܣԼ߰ɣ岻ãһôʱķϣŵ㡭̾һصԼһ⣬һ֣ҲΪɭֵͣҲø׸ĵزΪղ
ԣǺ׳͵һ֣ҶڨЦָָԼְ˸ղ˼ۣҶ֤Լ˾ްϵ
ΪֵܣҶʹˣȻѾ˵ɱǱ㲻ʳԡ
мɨһۣҶ쵭ĵ
ллүүɱ֮ڴ󺺵ͷ˺üȻͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ɭһۣСҶϹ۲ʹһСӢϺݺݵкܡ
ֵܡ٣Ǹ㻹ûʧҵߵУҾɱ㣡
һ
͹͹ڴֺòɷŭҶ죬ͷһŵϣȻûҶ쿪ڱǷɿĴһС֮УӰ
ĿӴܣɭǿ˼£Щ޿̡ڼʱ֮ǰǻԼϹϾƨأȻԼֺõˣԼɨأЩ˽춼ڴǻ˵ƫƫ룬ǴҲȻᴫȥʱԼһķţ
ԽԽߣڣɭ¶ģƴҲҪһ˿档
СӣҲ̫˰ɣɭ͵ӰƺֱͦЩ֮еǲӲ
ŶҶ첻Ϊ⣬ԴЦǰ߿ȥ
µˣ»ֲ˵⻰ʱɭǻ˫֮УȻһƾ⡣
ҷҪأǷһ˿ЦҶƣ˿Ķɭ
Ļһ֣ɭһЦٺ٣Ǿǣ
ҶͷмҵԴ⣬ͿûǸȡˣ
СӣȰһ䣬˱̫ſ񣡡ɭŭӿ
ǺǣҿΪʵ
԰գҶȻȺȥͬʱ˵ˣסǣСүүͷһ·
ٺ٣ôĿ㲻ɱˣԼҲý⣡ҶƣɭһЦ֮ͬʱһâҲǱ
ѾĿĺǺâҲͬʱ
ǺâɢŹˣĵ˴ҶҲǲдӲӡȻˣȴĹƲ˿ͣ͡
Ķʩչ
Ŀɿڴע֮£Ҷֱ۾Ȼһ㣬˼Ť׵ıܿ˺â˿ĺ˵ĺ֮ϡ
ۣѪ˻ûüҽУѱҶķ顣
⡭ɭŵĿǰһĻ޷
ҪҪ׼ʱ䣿ҶջֱۣתͷЦĿɭ
̫ˣɭɫɷףԼոտºҶһ̾ɱһˣⲻǳô
һĿҶָָһӺ°΢ɭơ
ɭ˳ǰָȥֻǸſڴǰһѾ⣬ϾҪܡ
ֻҪѵסСһʱ̣һܳɹѣɭһ˫΢΢Ź⣬ƾԼͣҪסҶӦò¡
ʵܷɭģǣֻҪܴҶ¾ȳһˣҲǰһ˿ˡ
ʼඣ
ҶɭǸոյɫʱһĿȥҶӰһΣѳ˵󣬳ԼһЦ䱳ץ
֣
ɭһָ㣬ɺâųβͣͬһҶȥ
âܼҽǶȵ꣬ƺӷסҶκε仯
ȻֹƱƵҶֻ˿һһ̬
ٺ٣ؿ㻹ʹʲôɭЦһΪԼһ̶ԵüëһƵҶ쿴ȥ
Ŀ䵽Ҷ֮ʱǷһ˿ǳЦȴȻͷһë


79 

һʺȣҶӰãԪǰȻֻವһ֮˱ǱҶ˵ǰ
ʲôɭɫһڣҪȴѾˡ
ֻǼɺâͬһʱ̺ȻǡýʵʵĴ˵ؿ֮ϡ
ɢ˵Ҳȥ
Ҷ̾һڣװһ˼ģɭллɱԲѷ֮ˣ˹
ɭɫһڣǿ˼£аģĵˣ
ҶӶƤӵɱˣЩԺɥʧģ˿һСֹţһҪܵģ
һҶָָһԲ֮ˣǷϷŰЦ⡣
ɭѭҶָȥֻԲһȵĿ۰Ͱ͵ԼϣңҰ
ͫһâɭһЦȻģ㣬һ㣡
䣬ǿµȴһƮӶ˫ָ£Ʋݣһɱȥ
״˶񣬾ҶҲ΢΢һȵɭգΪ˰һ̾ȻܶԼº֣

һɱĲҺ֮һɽζֻɭµָȻ˵š
Ȼ󣬺ߵϱ㿪ʼ˿˿һֺԲҲѸٵĸɱȥеѪ羹Ȼת˲ڣ
šϡ
˵ţ˫֮ҲѸʧȥ˹â͹Ȼء
Բ֮˵ɥһЦĿҶ죬㵽ɱ㲻Ƥӵɱô
üëһҶϵֶҲĸ⣬ĹɭǸĽɫȻֶζõĳ
Ȼ⻰ȥëҶ֮еĳ֮ȴԲ
СӣĳŵˣҶĻлɭ`˵ôһ仰
Ҷһνĳŵ
˼ҪҷߣҶʵ
˵ͷɭٺһЦȻû˿֮С
Լʹɱɭ飬ﾹȻû˿֮УԴΪͷóŵѹҶ졣ΪҶ쿴ȥЩǵ϶ӿһ˿ŭ⡣
ϣҲ̫˵ɣֵǾ͸㣬ô
ǰսɱҲΪ˻Ȼֵǵ룬ǲ̫ûˣ
ʣȻЩ޿ˡ
ֻһѣȻҶϷָָ㣬ǻ˰ɣɭЦһɱڣȻ뱩ˡ
ɭǹɭɭаЦǼͷһĺ˼ͬʱеĵҲյø˼֡
ŶԷķĿɳҶҲ˵ɫĮȻվԭأſﶷĺϷ
С̵ְٺ٣㵱ϷɵôɭϾı㣬ڼҶһϷģ֮ҲǻȻȻԼѾʧģеǰ취ǿΪԼ
뵽ɭЩɫ֮ûɱȡ֮ȴһָͷĿ⡣
ٺ٣ֵǣҲӦúúõһ룬Ҷһ췹ԵģǿɲĵɻҰţ£

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Щ˴ӣ˱֮е˫ףǣҡ̩Щ˵˫׽ңνǰٵļΪ׵˻иĴ£û뵽µˣ¾Ȼ˳ĳ룡
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ٺ٣ǿʮöǮƲծôɭЦƾţһ˼ģ
ƾŽҧŸǸղߵɫʧ٣ȡ֮ȴľǡ
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Ҷͫ΢һǻôʹǽɱˣҲǲŹǵġ
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ģֻҪɱͣǵĸĸԺǰȥȥģҾ棡ҶĻ֮ɭæٴγԹƻ
һһĻҲܴҶЩٷĻɾûǸܹĴ߳ȥˡ
ɱ
ɱ
ҶȰ棬ЩδţȻ˻˫Ѫ죬״
ȻˣͱˡкһҶӰӣӭȺȥ
ҶɲʲôŮۼȰЧ֮һᣬҲûҪˡ
ϾȺ˿ɶǳŪԼģС˪ҲѲ˸ϵοڲǰǻһԴȣΪ¶ף
뵽ҶŭȻͬʱҲǷһ˿ԳЦ
Ⱥ͸֮ˣԼȻ֮ģֱǻƣԼûʵԼһǰǸߣǻԼһ
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ױ֮𣬰Ʒ˵⣬ȺȻ˸


80 
ѸֵͬʱҶͷ­ƣ֮ǰй֮޲
˿̵ĻǣǱһƸ۵̬ĸĥԼҶɱߴɱҶ죬ѡ񣬾ɵӣҲԥѡһ֡
飡
ֵڽɫ֮ϣȻ졣
Ҷ񵲣ԪΧƣݻ
ȥɣ
Ҷ쵲һǵâ֮󣬺Ŀ¶һ˿һ۹ȶ񣬸ֵȻ̳
ֻҪһʵʵĴҶ죬ͿֱҪȥ
ԣڼֻ֮ǸҶ칥Ϊ˴õĻᡣ
ȥ
ǻ˷ܵĹֽһϵٶȻӿ˼֡
飡
ֻһ磡ֻһѣֻһֵԴ͸Ҷ࣬ǲԴּ尾֮нѣ쵽ǷĽ͡
ǣۿҪ֮ʱҶȴԺ۾һ㣬ֱһֲ˼ĽǶȻŤǻֵĿ֮УȻǣ
ȻɫȺ׼ĺ˺ֱֵ֮߳ϡ

һҺֱǱըԵ֮£ըѪģǺѪɢĽ漫Ϊˡ

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˶Ƭ̣һ޷ŵĿⶢҶ죬ͬʱҲֱֶͲɵģ
˿̣վȦʱ׼ֵĿĹɭҲڼһĻ֮㵵ĺһ˰ͷ
ȹ龪ȣһʼƲ𣬵ڵɱҶչֱֳ̬ʵЩľˡ
ΪҶǿһʲô̶ȣǵĽֶѾֻʣ֣Ǿɱͱɱ
оƬ̣ٴεɱ𡣶յУȦǵ͵ӰȴȻŴȥ
ãҪܣڼҵĴ򶷵УҶ۽ȴڲ侹ȻɨһĻ
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СҪˣӰѾ
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վҶϵһЦ˿̣Ѿ˵˾ӡ
ҶЦݣ֪أɭȻоͷһһֲԤ֮
ͷԽԽɭɫҲ粻ҪնɱҶ죬ȴֺСٴʹʲô䲻ɱС
ôǸое㲻Ծг˵һ䣬Էƾ߶ʿʵҲӦˡСӹƶˣĪڹŪ飬Ƿߣ
뷨Ѹٵɭ̳ϴľ˿ȷҶҲƲʲôˡ
뵽˴ɭһЦСӣ㲻ĺôһְʹľը죬ȷЩأ
һ٣ɭ¶ǿɭɭ˻ЦôˣأѵˣԪ˰ɣ
뿴ôɭĳҶЦݵʵ
룡ôܲ룬ˬĿɭһҶһ˫һըƣĵ飡ѪɣǶϽۣʵ̫뿴ˣ֪֪㻹ʹʹó
䣬ɭǿµӰͽȻָڣҶĿڵ
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󡭡
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һըͬʱ𣬽ţѪ졢֫ɣھ춯صĲҺУ˿̵ľƹݣֱ˼

Ѫ꣬ŨصѪټľƹݴáɭѪˮ͸ԭأһ˫֮ĶҶ죬
Ѫ֮УҶ컺ɱ
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Ȼ£ﵽʦ綨ǿߣȻȫɥʧս־
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Ҷһɲɱֺ޷֮ˡ

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ʵҲӦڰ˶ʿңվǺúõĶԾһ
ɱҶеս⣬˿ǲս죡
ɱҡҡҿԸǮҵ˵ʱ¹һƱֻҪңҴȥҡ
ǿҵɭͶҽȻǮջҶ졣
Ҷ첢ûлش𣬶ǻ̧ͷ
˵˵ҶĳĬɭǻ˻Ƶĺţ˵ҪʲôңһŪҡҸͷ
ɭĿȻûеõҶĻشڵȴƬ֮սս̧ͷԼ꿴ȥ
ݵЩӢˣڵӵ˸ӿս⣬ֱӺ󷽡
ڿʲô
ɭͷҲһ˿ɻŤͷȥ
Ǿı˲˿ϲǵеӳһī̳۵Ӱ
̩Ҷͷ֮һ̩ɫȴսӿûзֺľɫ


81 ̩
֪ʱھƹڲ⣬ī̳۵ӣҼ̩
Ŀɨصʬ̩̲֫סĳ˳飬úݵֶΣ
̫ˣҾоˣɭ̩ߣץźߵ½ǣ˷ܵĺš
̩Щɨɭһۣ΢ŭĵϣڵģЩ߸е󰡣
ɭһǿµֳ֮һĨ
뵱䲩Զ֣֮֮Ͷңʱ̩ոճμһ֮ʣҲȷȷʵʵЩͷɭƾżʶϵĹ㲩һ̩һһ㶵ģټԼóװЩ䣬ЩҲǽҹµλӣζҶ죬̩УһĪǿء
С˸Ȼֻ߶ʿ綨ʵѾܺʦǿ߿ˣɭָҶ޺޵ĵ
˵ֻΪ˸ԼҸڣҶֳʵȷʵЩ̬
Ŷ̩ҲһĨ죬ȻҶܺʦǿ߿⻰Ͳţ߶ʿ綨⼸ȴЩ
ĿҶһۣ̩аѡ֮ʱֻĶʿôһգ۾߶ˣ²ܰɣ
ȷѡڣµʱ䡣ô̵ʱΣ¿Щˡ
Ҫ֪һ֮ˣڽʿ綨֮ƽÿһν綨¾Ҫĸ֮ãΣǿɾһĹ
˻˵žͲҪôʱ䣬ǣʹǱΪʵĶʿ߶ΣҲ˰ʱ䣬ɷҶأȻﻹһ
СӣĴﵽ߶ʿ綨ˣ̩ǰ´Ҷ졣
ָʹǸɵģҶ첢ûлش⣬һ䡣
ʲô̩ʵһȻʵǿȴǺ⣬ȻҲᱻɭѼµλӺƵ֣һһʮꡣ
ǺǣôҲһһ֮ѵ¶ҵôҶ첻мĿ̩漥
Ҷɫɭȴ鹾һתһ˿ײĹɫȻ󸽵̩ߣȴһҶҲ˵εжء
ɭεĻɨһҶɫơ̩Ҷ춼ʲôݣһ֮һƶ棬һ䲩Զ׼Ů˿ɶǴһԳ֮ǰǿҪǺġ
̩Է񶨣һûɶҶ֣Щ֮Ҳǰ϶ˣ˭
Զ׼Լ䲩ԶгȻȻľ䵽ͷϣ
ɭĲ͵Ϯ˪ͼҴսΪ֮Ȼңʵ
ʱֻ̩Ҫôһ˵Դڹĳɭ˭
ԣ뵽˴û̩ڵĻᣬһ俴ƲĻӲİ̩Լһϡ
ɭĻƣ̩ȴЧ
ŶɭĻ̩Ӧ˹ŶһȴȻûгϡ
Ǻǣ̩ôҲһѵ㵣ûôҶ첻мһЦ̩ϵı飬Ϊӡ
ԣ̩δػɭļ򣬵ϣģģͳ˰ɡ
ƺɭû뵽ԼҲԲİгˣȻӲװһ²ؼģ
ģҶѣڣ˭Σ̩ٴɭļȻ̧ۿҶ죬Ϊ˵Ǹ飬ֱ˿ûаҶ
̩仰ɭʹûгԼһᱣȫˡ
Сӣģɭƣ̩
üһҶ̩㲻ϣҲûа취ˣɭĹұҪȡ
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䣬ͬʱҶӰǻȻɫ̩ⷭ
ƣٺ٣䲩ԶҲһܾ֣̩мЦһ̽һƣҶ
飡
һ죬˫֮ʱâһǿҵԪȻɢϵﶼǾƷɡ
ŵŵš
Ų˵Ȼ̩
⡭̩㵵ĿҶ죬ôҲû뵽꣬ȻܹѰյ˳̶ȡ
˵ûɣӵܺʦǿ߿ʱţɭһѸٶ㵽̩ߣﲻ˵ôһ䡣
ʵ̩ˣΪҶѾľ߱˺ʦǿ߶ԿΪ̩϶ҶССͶڰƵվȻܳ䲩Զһʱ⣬ŻᱻҶˡ
Ȼͬ죡ҵСˣ̩˵ͷޣǷġ
ƾЩ»ûƤӵɱˣ˵̩꣬ǰһָ仯ڿʲô
ϻ˵Ҷû죬µһ㣬ٴηӶ
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飡
о֮ʣҶİص̩ǰ
ǣ̩ȻҶֱȴǴһʹ־޴ķ֮ʹҶüͷһ壬嵹أڻǸ˲䣬һȴǿƽһ̩ǰһ¡
Ǻǣ㻹ΪܹƤӵɱô̩ѼĿǵЦĿҶ죬СӣΪԼж˲Ҹ㣬ǿߣԶأ
Ҳ̫磡ҶҲһ˿ЦͬĿؾ˹ȥ
ӲƾҲҵӥսв
ƣ
̩ĻͽȻҶϣǰߵؿڱǴһ졣
ըУֻɫëȻƮ˼
ʲô̩ŵĿǰһĻȻҶ첢ûж˺ܹٻӥս壬ʵǾóһʦ綨ûдﵽϵġ
ƽ׾ƷѧҪƳַѧĲҪﵽؽһƷ
㡭ô쵽ģȻƬ̣̩ʵ
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ղţǿƽһ£ʵȴӡҶڵӡٶȣ˲Ϣӡ̩ǿ
ӡٶȳȣҶٶȣ֪
Ҷû뵽ǣһ˾ӡӥս徹Ȼֻ΢΢ѣ


82 նɭ
жʱ
Ҷ쾪ӥսǿķ̩Ҷ߶ʿʵȻܹӥս𻵡ɭΪһĻ֮ٴζԼܷȫ
ղʹǰԱӡã̩ȿڣ㵵ʵ
ԱӡؽһƷѧҲ֪ΨһһؽһƷѧ
ܹӥս𣬳Աӡ֮⣬̩벻ɡ
ǰԱӡ㻹վ˵Ҷ첻мػصȻ֪ԱӡжȴģԼղʹõǰԱӡô̩Բܻվš
ܣƾӡƾӥս壿̩һ˦䣬˵ŭ
ûʲôܣʵͰǰҶԡ
ҶѧӡУ˾ԲֹһΡƣҲﵽؽһƷҲδ֪
Ҹղӡƺõطֽ˫شؽһƷѧԲضá
̩΢΢鶯һ£һߵͷһߵĵúúã㻹ǿǲ֪ܹط񣡡
԰գ̩һֻӥҶ
Թ֪
ҶҲ˿壬սӿԪݶ̩ӭȥ

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ͫ΢Ҷֱ֮ϰԪ֣۸̩צӰ
飡
һ죬̩צӰ֮ЯǿԪ˲˽ԣҶͷץ
ǿԪôҶʩչ̤ܿͬʱо
ԪԪʱҲ̤ʦ綨ǿߵı־֤
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飡
ҶǼצӰǺ˵ĺһ֮ϣһ죬Ľϡ
ǰŪȥ̩һŭ৵ʮצצӰХת֮侹ͬһ㣬¡
ȹƣҶȴҲЩΪˣ̩Ͼʦ綨ǿߣԪԿԪֱ۵һ㣬ҶܹŵڣѾǴ漣ˡ
ۣ
צӰ˺ХķⲢСĴ֮УǵһҶ޿ɱܡ
ƴˣ
ҶһᣬƱü䣬ǰ˿ؽҧȫԪȫ֮С

֮ͬжʱױȵڵһﶼжȥצӰǱȵĻײһ
飡
ը𣬱һצӰڻײ֮󣬶Ƿ׷׻٣
˿̣֮Ψһֲܹģʦ綨ǿߵ̩ˡֻȻվ֮⣬Ǿ޴ƺ˿Զ㡣
ˣ̩ȴӿһ˿ɫЩŵĿųǵԵӰɫѸ
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飡
צӰҶ֧ŲסʱײһͬʱǾ޴Ҳ˲ʧڴ֮С

ҶصһһգԪбɢΡ
ȻֻǶ̶Ƭ̣ǸղǴζԾȴҶˮʪ˫۷飬ŲƮЩĸо
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ܣۼһֻצӰɢ̩֮˻һš
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ģɱ㣡̩ǳ׷ŭˣԼһʦ綨ǿߣȻһ߶ʿôʱ䣡ʹûʲô˹սԼҲ˵ȥģֱ̫ˣ
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̩һ˫͵һƣֻԭԪëȻ죬
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ݡ
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ڣһֻĻУҶɤһ۵һѪ˼ڻǵȥ
֮ͬʱɭ˫ָ̽ƲݣָһεĽǸ͸ĿӼָ쵱С
ϴºſָĪ˵Ǵ͸ڼҲȻӲϵ˫ָ
ɭûбҶ찵ɹ̩֮ҲǹЦȻ˵ֻΪ˳Ҷ죬ʵҲȷʵˣɭȷȷĽǸӡ
ɭҲһĴ߳ҶЦƺҪ˵ЩʲôĻ
촽ŶȴǺͻȻǱ˫ָμסĿӵиܵһ
ɭüԺͻȻ˲ǰһĻ

УɭЦ⻹δȫչӱ˲Ťָæһ˦Ҫǿӵ
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ҪѾˣҶһӡӡƣǾ޴ȻըɭʹݵУֱָֹ۶˲仯Ϊ
ͻȻתʹ̩ǻȻɴ˫ۣŸոջڿЦŵ죬ҲǶŵ̶ֳȡ
Ŀɿڴ
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֮ͫУҶӰѸٷŴɭǾ㵵˫ۻδգһգ߱Ѿױ
ǣ
ؿڴһʹɭŵĻͷȥ
Ѫע
ԭӦλӣȻѾһͷ­СĿ


83 
ɭ˼ĿԼؿڣ˿˿ǿɲѪʹѾоˣ⡭
˵Ҳøᣡ
ɭĶУԽԽģֱȫɢ
̩ҲǱһĻԭأȻĿԼ˫֣дŵɫ
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ӲΪĸ󻼣ţ̩жʱΪŨصɱ⣬Ƿӥָ֮ϣҲٴαӿԪ
ʵҶƾĴǿٲȻѾԿʦǿߣԲܹصס̩ղ׺ޱȵһ
ǼˣȻǸоȫ²ϵĴ˺ѷεľʹƴȫնɱɭ֮ҲǴһ;ƿݵĵزˡ
ǺǣҶ죬ȷʵǿлᣬҲΪһ̩ЦţҶм˵ҲֻܵΪֹˣ
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С˪˪ӣҶͷ˿˿ůС˪Ȼܵҡ
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Ҳ֪С˪˻ָʲô̶ˡɻһ£Ҷһҧ촽УҵýɽС˪ɼҩȥ
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С죬ʲôʱѹģоôʲôʵĵط䲩Զ֮ˣȻһ˺ü⣬ǲض׸
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Ҷһеж磬Ҳû˿쳣о״̬˭ҲǺûܹһôô˵
ƺҶɻ䲩Զǰߵļ򣬵Ԫмǣһ
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Ǻǡ䲩ԶЦһͣŮϵĿٴƻҶɫתΪ֣أС죬һС˪ˣȥʰʰҪҹ뿪
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Ŷ׸ɣҶһתЦ
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ЦʱȴͻȻ˹һЦСӣȻЦˡ
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ŷӦ䲩ԶƲסĴЦȻҵʵҪ̩࣬ʦǿߵĴڣҲԳƵҾ֮һ
Ҫ֪Сط֮ܵһλʦ綨ǿߣǿǾܹһеġΪ㣬ܹﵽʦ綨Ҳʮ˶ѡ
Уȥ⣬ʣµľŸУҶռϯȻͺԺԲƣˣƾ䲩Զ䲩ʯ䲩ֵܣȻ԰
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85 ֮
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ԭҲһأҶһЦͻȻоǰǸֻܷﾴصҡһ䣬Ȼһ׽塣
ȻСӣ˼˵ǰඣ䲩Զ۾紵Ц
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䲩ԶûзСӣҸ㣬㲻ֻҵ׼ŮҲҵұۣҵ֮
ѾҶǰ¶ԼԸԴ˿䲩ԶҲǲΣ֮Уһϴζ
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ЦȻֹ䲩ԶͻȻʲôһ㣬Сӣû˵ʱôţǿ˵ˣС˪Ժɾ˱֣


86 Դ
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ԣҶ켱æǰȥ
ֻǰԶĹսǴһϸĹӳڵء
ڵôҶ̲סĻһ䡣Ϊǵߣ˭Կǵƹ⣬̫Ĺâ
ھôʱͷ·֮Ƕǵյ㡣
ඣ
Ҷٴλһǹȥ
Ҷģ䲩ԶҲ΢΢תǻѵӰЦҡҡͷȻȥ

ڶڵ֦ҫ۵ϣҶ΢΢üô۾Щ̫Ӧ
ۡ
ӦƬ֮󣬻ſ۾ȴһ塣
ֻǰˮͷӰ֮ϲԣϼأ˵Ϊ֮һ
ٿУˮ峺Ⱥζǽؿŵ컨֮£̵ĻҶɢں棬ɫ֮⡣
Ҷ죬˵ʲôҲ󲻵޺еɽ֮УȻ˷羰˵ڡ
𷢴ˣ߰ɡ䲩ԶҶļȻһԾƮȻ䵽һҶںߵСУ⿪˨ЦҶ졣
дҶ컶һȻ򿿽ӣûء
ҶСȣ䲩ԶһХҲζֻС۱ѻٶȲ죬ȴƿˮ棬źĶȥ
ҶͷһյıĿе۵ʡ
СǰУںһĲۡ

Ĵ󣬴Լ˰ʱңԼܹͷ
ͷһԵɽɽ֮ǰһׯ԰ɽ
ҶĿԶֻׯ԰̨鿣Ȼ޸û֮УȴӾȻ֮⡣
ׯ԰֮ǰ̨ϣ˿һ׷ƮȻӰٷȻԶòȣȴǸһȻɵĸо
壬˭Ҷͷվڴβ䲩Զʵ
䲩ԶĿ⾼֮Ҳǳ˾⡣
䡭Ҳ䣬һôҶ׷ʡ
ǰμ䲩Զص
ǰμüëһҶ쾪ĸף
˵ͷ䲩ԶһХһۻԪʱСܵԪĴ֣߳ٶȻֱŰȥ
Ҷڰߵò塣ֻ޷ף볤ߣ۽ǶͷᣬӡǡȻˣǹɾȴ֮˶ǲضá
ٿϸЩһŷĹǺˬţ˫ҲǾ䣬һǵȻһĵһɾĽ֮⡣
״ˣ
ڴ֮ʱ䲩Զңң֣ʰ
ߵ˵㣬һҲǷЦ⡣
үүڴ֮ʱҶҲǹһϣòĵ
λǣ￴䲩Զ֮Щɻɫ
ǺǣδŮ䲩ԶЦǺȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬̲ģӢ꣬ĳɾͱȻֵ֮ϡ
ŶﾪȵŶһȻҶϸĴ
Ҷ챻ѡĿ⿴еܣһЦ˸⣬үүԼס
ȻǣϷԼס⣬Ҫų룬ˬһЦ
ǺǣҲǡҶ΢Цͷ˵Ȼ羰ԴҪÿӰҲȴҲǼֲ顣
״ˣ塭䲩Զԥ̽ʵ
ԶƲѱã߰ɡ⣬ƺرһ㣬ת˻⡣ȻҲǰ飬һ˦תȥ


87 
ӰϼɣӳںоԲ⡣
ùϯٴˮ֮ǰȴΪ䲩ԶС
ڼ֮أ䲩ԶҲǲҶƬ̣ҴùƷֻ֮Ǻ˰ʱǾ̡
˿΢磬ǰ߰׵޷֮Щ˵ζ
״ˣ͸ˡ
䲩ԶǱеӰһ֮󣬱Сۣ߶ȥ
һ̾ߵĿ𣬺Ŵ˾֮⡣
ֳ棬Ҷ밲οȴ֪˵Щʲô
˼Ӵ˴Ȼ໤ŮǶﶼǾη̫˵Ự˼ֱ֮١ټ䲩Զ䲩ʯ䲩ֵշæԳһҲνϼϡ
˶ĽΣǿǷıΪ֮ˣҪܶٵĹµȻӰҶš
Сӣ
֪ʱ»ָֺɫ˿ЦſҶ졣
үүҶӦһ䣬ߵǰߡ
ǲǾϷܿﵭЦҶ죬˫·ܹ͸¡
Ҷ챻˼ЩΣһʱ֧֧᲻֪˵ʲôΪá
л˵²ӣﴵĿһģ
Ҷ΢вãԼ˴ɾǴûô˵û뵽쾹ȻΪ˼ӣȴȡЦ
뵽ҶҲǲڹ˼ɣүүסĹµȥˣαǿţ
ˬһЦҶļ򣬵ϷӴ˴ʮ֮ãϰߣ˼䰲ֱ֪˶ٱȥ
ղΪλһ̬֮ҶҲʢ
һƺû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ׷ʣӦһɲŹЦСӣ֮ǰǺܾöûϷ˵ˣ
үүʱһرԵɣ仰ҶмԥľͰﶨΪһ֮ˣڿ˵֮ʱȴ΢һ㡣
ԵĿңңԶƺڻζյķ⣬Ƭ֮󣬷ŰȻֹǰԵʱ򣬼ֱͰ裡
ŴԣҶ˲ûðԼˣûðԼһһԺģ
ôСӣǲбϷأ˶µĵӵҶǵ˼ӵùķۡ
üͷһ壬Ҷ˿̵νǼΪơǰ߾˵Щ˱ӵĻǻֱ̫ܿĥˡ
Ҷһ߳׵ġ̹ԡ
ûүүҾǱأҶһСǾݶģôôԺ

ԣﾹȻЦ͸Щ۵š
Цãͣ£ȻĿ˸˸ĿҶ죬СӣӭȡãҺϲ
ҶһƬ֮󷽲ŷӦԭڿԼƷ
СӣԶ˵ѾС˪¶ˣ
ᵽС˪ҶȻһӦ˾䣬ȴС˪ƻ̶ֳָˡ
ȻԶӦǵ£ϷأҲǱŮȢţ￴ҶǸģͷ΢вá
Ŷ
ǺǣŮǸӢ΢΢һЦʵСӣʲôõóֵ¼ô
ԣҶ΢΢һ˼Ƭ̣Ҳ֪νõó֣Ǹʲôı׼
ѵûУҿԶ˵ܲأ︺ȥǸɫ˵κﶼֵһᡣ
ûСҶҡҡͷɲ
ʲôʵˣƺǰߵĻش֮һ㣬Ҷ컰䣬ʳһ䡣
߶ʿҶش
˵ͷƺ𰸻⡣
μӹѡ˰ɣɷõΣٴηʡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ڼûнǰʮ
ˣһƽƺ˵ĲԼһ㡣
һˣڡȻֹȻҶ죬ʵڼ
һҶ챻Ƿ´½Ŀⶢһ
һЩţٴȷһ顣
˵ͷҶѾЩȻˡ
õƺ˰ɣɫΪڴҶĻشǸ֡
Ҫ֪ƺǷԲǧǿţϰֻǹҫ鹣ǸһһǿߵĽݾ֮·ֻ꣬ҪŬĸ֮壬ĸ󲻳Ϊһǿߣ
Ҳˣƺѡ˵֮ϿҲǿȺ롣Թεѡͷȴƺڲмһ˵ıȱȽǣʮܳһ˱ˣɴѡɼһߡ
ԣŻڴҶܹһ϶Ĵ𰸡
ǰǿȵĿ⣬ҶֻԼĲȻ
̫áͻȻסƺʶԼʧ̬ƽĵʲôɼô
Ȼƽĺܣʵֿ˻ҳ֮⣬ʮûгѡͷƺˡ
ʮõĳɼǶʮǰ䲩ԶĵǰĵڶȻ䲩ԶڵʵΪ֮ȴǺϵġ䲩ԶεͷýƺĻᣬƾʣ˵ͳǿˡ
ͳǿζʲô
Եİ
ƾ˽ľҲӵһϮ֮صġ
ûʲôɼˡҶҡͷ
ƺдӡţȴֳһģֻһСӣ˵˵ôܵİɣ
ô֪ˣҶһԼԪԼ֪ôῴ
Ǻǣû˵ĻʲôЦ
Ǹ֮˵ģҶʵ
ǰɣȫǣ׼ȷ˵ǸҪ˵ġ
ҶСһ죬еܴ
ǺǣСӣֻʸ˵ģֻй˵￴Ҷйâһ٣ż˵һңһô㣡
ҶȻһȻû뵽Լ䲩ԶеĵλȻѾ֮ء
Ҷ飬︶֮һЦ˵ɣ˭
ĻҶ췽Ż̩˵ġ
̩ȻǸС飡ƺ̩Ϊм
̩С飿仰ҶĶУǿôôŤ
ͻȻ̾ȻҲûʸô˵ˡ


88 ʹ
ߵĿ⵱йâƺЩ˻
Ҷ쿴ǹеʵүүôˣ
Ŷû¡ܰҡҡͷȴ뵽ʲôһ㣬ɻʵ̩ʦ綨ôϣ
ֹɱɭǾͶˡҶƽش
ɭĹɭ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ûǴĻϼһҲʦ綨أɱ֮Щȡ
ǰǰɣڳ˰˶ʿҶ絭˵
Ŷʹǰ˶ʿҲһβôЩ㲻ˡ
ǰһζѣߡҶش
ҶĻشǺһЦΪҶʢǲΪʵСӣ㵽ǺϷмʢˣǺǣԿĻԼɣ
ҲԿɱˡҶ˼һ£һһ뷨ǵԼû⵱Ȼ㲻óԿ
ʲôҶεĻش𳹵𺳵ˣ߶ζ԰˶ΣһʦǿߵƤӵ£Ȼɱɭ
ɱˣﲻòȷһ¡Щš
ƭҶҡͷ
ֻ߶ʿģ֮ǰһĲ˼顣
ҶΣһ֣ϳ
㡭
үүɱˣҺ۰ҪϢˣģðɣﻹʣȴҶĻ˻ȥʷҶʵЩܲˣǱôһڡ
ãȥϢɡȻʣǿǵҶһ·ҲٿˣշеǻᡣǷ꣬Ҫ˽һġ
һֱߣ˽Ӵġָָһȣ˵
үүҲϢɡҶǰ߹˹֣תȥ

峿Ҷķ⴫˵
ˣҶ˿̿ڿͣŲҪʡֻȷ²ǰȥš
֨ѽ
鿪Ųȴʧɵݡ
үүҶЩεĵ
Ҷһ磬롣
һŴһҲܱ˿ڲڿʣ˹˵ıһ
ȰգˬһЦҶʵСӣô˯ÿɻϰߣ
ûʲôϰߵġҶŸɬ촽λش
˵ʵڸղſȲʱҶĲˣƽһβˮȡ
Ϊʵ̫ˡ
㲻￴Ҷ
ûУûСҶ֡
ԸţЩСϸȻע⣬Ҷ˵û£ٲϡһת˵Ϸأ˵ģ
ˣҶЩɻΪ䲩Զ˵ƣֻܾ
û㲻ôȷϵʵ
Ҷ˵ͷһֲ̫׵Ĺо
Ǿͺãʵ˵ˣϷǴ˵֣ˬһЦĵ
УԪңҶ챻ŪԽԽԺˡ
ǣЦҡͷϷǾòҽ
Ҷһɻ۰Ͱ͵Ķǰߣġ
֪ϷΪʲôסô
Ҷҡͷ
һЦ׼һڡǺߣԼղѾˮȹ⣬ڨڨ¡
ȻĿ䣬ԶԶ⿴ȥĵĵ⻰˵ɾͳ

ͬҶƲȥһ£ԸԼҪҿɾҪˡ
˰ϷĳȡĿӴջأԸ
ǣүӡⲻԶĻӦ
СӣܺȾôתͷҶʵ
ܣҶ켱æӦԼ˵֣ƶûúȡ
ӺܺһƵģƴһ£Ƶһû˸ҳƵڶ
üͷ΢壬ҶкƬ֮󣬼ᶨĵһ̳
֮ô˵Ϊľܹﵽһ̳Ϊһ̳Ʋܽʡ
ôʱ򣬿ɲȲЩĵ˵ͷ
Ų֮һʾһ߽֮С
ˡ
̳𱻷ϣʾĿ⡣
ʱһŨҵľζŨдŴ㣬˼ֲִҪһڡ
ƣȴ˱񫣡Ժĵ
˾񫣿ûôҶ첻ŵҡҡͷӡⶫûֹúȵġ
λС磬ү˵Ŀһ㲻٣ǺһΣŵڶأֻϧүӿţͰҶĻ֤֮
ȥȥȥЦŰǽ̵Ļ⣬ȻҶ죬Ҹƻȡ˸֣ղܣ
ղܣǶúȰҶţȻ̳롣
ɣ룬صҶһ¡ȻһͷһҾƱһ
ʰҶСֹһ䣬Ȼͬͷ
ôôＱ͵ĿҶ죬һʵ
Ҷ죬ˬ
ˬͺãҶĻشΪ⣬ֻһȻֱ̳ƵҶǰү첻ݣ
üͷ壬ҲֻεĽӹ
ʵղҶΪ̫ʣûȳʲôζǸˬ֣ҲΪǽ⵽˶ѡ
в֮ҶȻϲȾƣǽҲҪá
뵽Ҷӹ̳˹˹˵ıǴ
һ״ȻҲǲʾʱվž̳Ҳһͨ͹ࡣ
Ĵ̳ҾƱǱ̳Ҷһ̳Ϸ֣˿̵Ķɫ죬ϴžãԺЩˡ
Сӣ㡭֪Ϸʱﵽһһʲôĸ߶ôȷʵҵĺݣ־̳֮˵ҲЩƮˡ
Ҷۣҡҡͷ
Сӡ㡭֪Ǹʲôôĵ۾ԱԼ˯ȥ
Ҷüͷʼڻ粻Ժ֮Ϥ
鱦ͨϿͳ֮Ľ綨ܴﵽ׶ΣǿǷľҲԳƵǶĴڡ
С֣ԺЦ˵
𺳵ϢҶľ˲ɢ࣬Ҳ
үүǡֵҶ췴ȷˣΪܽӴĻУʦԳǿߣͳϡȱ֮ͳ֮ϵ綨ˣּʵȻʸҶ쾪
ϻһڣȴǱĿ˼
Ҷ쾲Ŀţȴġ
ã﷽Ż˫ۣҲࡣ
үүƺоһ˿գҶЩеʵ
̾һڣ֮˫֮зŨŨûɫ


89 Դ
͸ľּС·֮ϣ߲ϸϸɢ
˿̣һӰŲ˼ĻС
û뵽үү¡ֹһ䣬Ҷվƺ˵Ļ
ԭУҶ֪һЩ顣
ʮǰﵽ綨Զ֮ΪԸŰԵɽֺˡǿУľ֮жЩĳҡ
Ϊˣҵһѡ
˽֪綨ڽԪ۳ʵʣԪĵĵһɣԼӱתԪࡣǣԪĵǿȴҲб׶ˡǾڳ֮ʱ쳣һʱԪпܴ١Ϊϵغ
Ҫ˿ŵľ죬ʧ
ҲĹ⾰ҳˣ
ʱһ֮ǰԤף㶨Լͻ綨Ҳףھ޵кܶΪһɹ綨ôЩнܵԵĴ
ǣδѣʱĵһ³칤ڴ˿ٻأׯ԰֮á
˵ﱸһȫ첻ɣ̤綨һ죬·е鶼ǵصӿҡ
죬С˪ͳ֮λͣɹͻƵʦ綨λΣ䲩ԶңٲȻһ֮
ʱ䲩ԶȻҲѾʦ綨ᣬû̫塣УȰ裬ǿͻ綨ȻȻȻĽѾڴ˴޽ɵׯ԰оޡ
ʱ뷨ǣԼɣӴ˷Բ޵֣ЩͼıˣԼӰ˭óȻַңҪңҲҪԼ֮Ǵʲôѡ
ţǰڴ˴ޡ
ɽǵڶ죬㷢ˡ
³칤ؽ򣬴ĳ˴һֻһң³칤Ȼ˵صĻܵͼݡˣһҹ֮䣬ⱾڣȻҹˡ
ԴΣŭ֣ǿг֣ȻԪĵδɣƾŶͳʵҲӦЩ֮ˡ
һսֱذһһҹ֮оҲǴӴ٣һ
ǣ⻹꣬ΪܲΪʧľ޴׼ԾʱһجĴ˹
ǿзֱ·Ϯ˴˴ϹңȻ䲩Զֵƴסһҵһս֮У䲩Զӣȴⲻң£߾ǧ
ֽĴõԭһָң˲Ϊ壬Ӵܾۣʵή˺һʱ䡣
ҲΪˣʹļ֮£ϴԾͷģгһձȻӷ۷壬ЩûٵĳУȫ¡
ʱţһתʮ֮ãȻûָܻʵȴҲһϣ֮·ƾţڻҲڼΪظԭ
ѹүүȻˣû뵽һʱļȻǧɥҶ̾һиǴ⣬һҪػ۷塣
Ҷ졢˪֢״ͬܵˡ˱ߵƣν򱶡С˪Ԫ븨ҩȬҶ쾲ɣҩ֧֣Ǹָܻ١
ҶҹŴ֮󣬱ǳҹͷ鱦֮ͨУҵһ˿޸Ϣ
¶٣ؽƷҩ޸ЧƷߣʳǿߣܵôҩҲһϦȬ
ֻҪҵ¶٣үүͿػ綨ˣüһĨᶨҶ컷Ĺˣ̤һɽ
˵ɽʵֻǲľ԰һЩˡ
ҵׯ԰Ǵ͸ɽɽмشǼˣϢĴڣׯ԰ķΧڣȴҲʲôֻϡгѡ
һᣬҶ첦ǰҲݣ̧ͷ۴ֻľ죬˺ϱ֣֦֮ɺա
Ҷһʱԭʼɭֶе쳣Ŀʹ󳩡
΢΢ĿƬ̣ҶٴŲŸȥ
ߴߴզզ
໡
Ųϵ룬ּ֮ҲԽƵʱʱĻһЩֵ˻Ӧ޷
ЩҶŲŻɫҲΪ޷߶ԪһʲôޣǺɾǺʵΪ֮ʳˡ
ĿɨһȦȷû޳û֮Ҷ췽һþ֮
һ·ϣҶνջķᣬɽм䴦ҩĲǱΧֱǲ֪ǿ˶ٱݾԲΪ
ʱҶ죬ЩƽƷҩǲмһˣΪ̶̵һʱңּҩǱѰʮ֮࣡
Ǳأ
̾һҶϸŨص˷ɫ
Լ̩˲ѱ͵˴䲩Զ˵Ҫʱ䣬˵һȽƵ飬֮ḻҩԴ˵ˣһ£²ֻȬʵͻͽһͻʦ綨Ҳпأ
ţҶЩסˣٴνɨ˼֮Ѱҩȥˡ
ɽľʢҶȻֱûͷĻĲ֮䣬ӰһֻýԳ
ɳɳɳ
ͻȻĲݴ֮д˼졣
ҶͷһæϢסΣԭع۲
ɳɳɳ
ԽԽƬ֮ӰڲԶĲݴпӹƺӱʲô͵
໣
ЩӰӴܵͬʱǰԼ֮⣬Ȼ
Ҷ쾹Ȼоµĵ濪ʼ񶯡
üͷһõɫ˲Ϊƣ֮Ӵ󣬿Կһˡ
һʲôĴڰҶоȵţȴδͣɶһòƶȥ
Ƭ̺ҶӰǹĺ֦֮ϣ֦ĸߣطࡣ
Ǵ˸ߴҶҰҲǿ
ĿңңŸղĵطȥԼ֮䣬ֻһȻͳصĲҶķ

ǹɣͻţ㣬Ѫ֮ȴֻ쳣Ұǰ˿ĺУһ˫ĥ̴СľҲǲϵ˸ź˵׹⡣
ʲôƷ׵ްҶоǰɽΧҲޣͻƣ¶ԺǰֻᲢۡ
鱦ͨмأҶջĿ⣬Ӳ֮ó鱦ͨ


90 Դ
䡭
Ƭ֮ƺĿ꣬ȻĽŵأʼǰ
Ǿ޴ͬСɣÿʱǴһ޴졣
Ҷ鱦ͨϴԵɨ˼ۣʱе鱦ͨǹ֮˲һĨɫ
ħؽƷޣͽϴˣһ̤֮˲ɱʦǿߡ
ίʵǿƬ̣Ҷٴδ鱦ͨ˽
ҶЦõĽ鱦ͨ벼֮УղеĨȻתΪεЦ⣬е̫Щɡ
鱦ͨħٶȹڻǼΪ㣬ʳˣԲ׽ʳҲƵз
˽⵽⼸֮Ҷ˲еƵǹҾһ亹
ĶͷҶƮȻӹ£Ѱҩ
˻˻˻
ҶŽŲŶһȴͻȻ˴˷˻Ȼر죬ȴţЩͷƤ顣

˻˻ʾ֮ԣħҲǷһŭʾ档
üͷһ壬ҶоѵгȺҪħô
ŲʼԥȻһ˵ؽᷢһ֮ĴսǿĶԾһС˵ѵһġ
߻ҶΪԥȥһʵ֮Ǵ⣬Σճ̶ҲǲԶġ
Ƭ̣Ҷص̾һпϧĵ˰ɣΪ˴֣Цˡ
һҧҶתȥ
Ųɿ죬һʱгࡣڼ䣬ҶȴǳһִĸоǺ޴ս𺳵ĳ档
˻˻
ԶҵսƺѾʼҵ˻˷ȻѾЩԶˣ˺ϡУȻҶͷ΢΢
ͷĲΪ£Ϊּĳ棬ҶЩĳ
صһţҶҲ಻סеĺ棬֮ӽ
ԽԽʵԽҶԷ˽ŲĿתҪѰһȫĵط
ﲻһұͣ΢΢˵ͷҶӶȻȥ
ȻȱԪ֧֣ӵҶҪǸұ֮ϲʲô¡
ֻýݷǳԾ֮αǳұڵһѷ֮С
Ƿһ˿Ц⣬ҶԼѡطΪ⡣
ҶǸ±ڸʮɣһ޴ѷмѿʯβݺᣬٲȻҲһõĲڡ
غΣĿȲ˳С
˿̣ħܵһȺ޵ΧֻЩ泤һɣ֮Ϻ޹ı鲼Żɫ·һ˫Сۺɭɭ˿Ϊ
ӦþǸղӴܵЩްɣôֻˣ֮ǰݴЩӰӸҶͷӦþǡǸոջӴܣȴͻȻ۷ħбȻЩ쳣
ɻĿӳеսջأҶӲȡ鱦ͨ̽һЩ
鱦ͨҷҶڷƬ֮󣬱ҵ˹ļء
ᣬؽ׶ƷޣϲȺӣԨ޺ӸںжԴΪֶΣײ쳣ҸǣһЩڣһ㶼ڵ
ڵҶ͵ĺ鱦ͨĿȵжȥ
ĿƶҶڴԵһ֮󣬴ȷ
ʮЩͽϴĸ곤һЩİɣҲʮءҶ֮˸ſȵĹâΪʮֻɶ̺ڵĿܵġ
ԸܹܾˣҾͿ̵ˣҶעųе֮š
˻˻𡭡
˻ҽвڶҲǶһʱ֮áŴսĽУ˿̳еҲǽе˰ȻĽ׶ΣԭʮᣬѾֻʣʮѡ
ȻǿԿʣµЩһЩ߱ǵᣬֻǴóȻͽСжٶȲħܡ˫ź֮ʣһħ֮󣬶ʱһƬڣһսζ˲ڿ
ȻֹܶħʲôʵԵ˺ƾ˵ģħѾ˱ŭԤס

һ͸ʵŭħзֻ׹¶ľĿд˿ǱѪӴŤŶЩͣԼᷢ
飡
޴̤£룬µһʯ˲мҷɡ䡣

һʱ䣬ʯħǿ֮¼ȥ׹һ㡣
ʯΪܼٶ̫죬ᶼûܷӦǱײ
ֻգ֮䣬ʮ֮߰ࡣ
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ͬӶıħɱʹЩῪʼŭ˫򦲻ź³ƺҪһɵȻ
䡭
ħϲϷȻը죬ζҲԽԽǿ֮ϢõԶұ֮ϵҶ죬ЩԺ
üͷ壬Ҷס˿ڱǣвΪλ״ѵħжô
䡭
ȻϵĺȻ壬ǵȿ͵Ĺ֮£ħǳһ˿֧Ųסļ
˻
ʱԶֵͻȻ𣬲εȴǼ쳣еЩֱǴ̶ࡣ
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ŷʲôٻһ㣬еڷһ˿͵͵֮󣬱Ƿ׷׿ٵȥƬ֮󣬱ʧ١
ʲôѵ֮ˣҶɻĿųһĻüͷ

ħֻѾЩήҵ˫֮оȻٴη׹⣬ſѪڶ˻·омΣԼ
ҶҲ۶գһµĽעԶ֣Щڴ
ɳɳ
ľʼҡΣ̶ɳɳ죬Ƭ֮ïܵľ͵һΣһֻȻдڳ¶ĳħ˻
üһǱô
Ǿ֮ҶµëȻһǳɻĿɲޣͷʶһĭ
ּ˲ֻȻﶼһޱ׺ݵĿĶŶԷƺѰһƵеĻᡣ

ͻȻĿ³һ޴ЯźХķħȻײȥ
һɳޱȵ֮ʱһƬֻգ֮䣬ǱһƬ𺣡
Ҷų⾪ĵһĻΨвʵһţѸٳ˴˵ء


91 
ּСҰҶӰٴУղǳ޴ս龰Ժвϻصֱ˿Щļµĸо
صׯ԰ʱѾǺ͸ˣһ޷׵ӰںˮԣɫΪ
үүڼǵЩϵӰ֮Ҷһ˿ů֮Щ֮⡣
˵ǵӰ
Сӣȥˣɫ࣬΢ŭ⡣
үүҽɽˡҶС˵
ɽʲôΪ򰡣ɽ޳ûƵһСҲҪˣһ˦䣬ŭתȥ
˻
ĻҶ첻ĵһǾĿͬʱҲаԼһ
үүԺ󲻻ˡҶ֪ǵԼΣڵһ˿Ĺâ
ôܲȥ¶أ
ƳҶһۣ˵ͷ
үүˡǹ䵭Ҷ쵱ȻϡֻӲƬ̣Ȼȡһɫҩ
ﲻĿҶһۣɻ
о٣ζǡղܡҪһҶǰбõĽ˵˳
ɫҩȻʲô٣ҶѰҩؽһƷҲһֶаҩɽйһ죬ǲûҵ¶٣ȴѰ˼꣬Ҳܷת֡
٣ϷġղܡҪζɵĶҶ죬ҾƣżģҶĻ֮ٲȻҲǲ̫š
֪ҶװһģЦŵ
￴Ҷ켸ۣһڱԼŵ뷨ȻŰд
ɹƭ߷£ҶɫҲһ˿Ц⣬ȴִ̡ǳʲôζɲұ֤
üͷ壬ɫԽԽѿ
ޣ
ڣڿ˼֮صһڣŭСӣˣϷⶫǰûʲôζŽžͱУһ֮
Ҷһ㵹ãǳľС
ûаҳŸоζܺõİأÿ˵ζͬɡҶ쵱ȻϣѾ£ٺЩǴޱҪ
ԣһۣûȥ硣
үүûоʲôһôߵƽҶЩ̲סˣеģڷ֮Ӧе㷴ӦȻȲ¶٣ǺôҲǵؽһƷҩء
Ȼио˵
ģǰߵĻشҶʱϲüң˵ĵ̫ˣ
Ϸ֪һˣңҶǸ˸߲ҵģʱŭСӰʲôģϷô
ҶӦƬ֮뵽ʲôһ㣬̽Եʵүүʲôо
ʲôоŨüһȵͷ飡촽ָͣо
Ҷٴڲףԭ֮ǰԵиоȻˡ
ʧ̾һҶûЧĻɾеѰˣ¶ǵؽƷҩѰ̶ֱһ㣬Ҫκүүˣ̫װ
Сӣ̾ʲôأ﷢Ҷʧ䣬ΪԼղ̬ЩԴ˿ҲǺʵ
û£үүһκˣҶڵйâ˸ᶨĵ
һƬ̺󷽲ŹЦһСӣ㻹ˣϷĻָ֮ϰ
ԭǵ̸ָ֮Ҷ죬ǶҶ˵ɽҩɣ˷ʱȥֳЧ΢΢ķвô
ӾûɣҶһ䣬ԺĵϷķ¶һţ˵ЧǷѣҲʤްʮȬ
ҶڨڨͷȴţȻүүЧҾԼˣһЧȬˡ
ͻȥҶ˵꣬תסȥ
ţͻȻסҶ졣
ôүү
ٺ١ϵɫͻȻֳһ֡աЦ
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ٸһ֦ɫҲǱ
ģҶɻ󣬵ʲô
٣СӣŰãƺԹҶûзӦ
үү治֪ҪʲôҶһ޹
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ʲôٰҶԼձĻѶЩǵˡ
Ϸװɵ㶣֪϶Уﲻõ
١ҶͷͻȻӦ˹æӲͳһүү㣡
ĵ˵㣬ٺһЦ㻹˵ⶫԵʱˣͦģǡղܡеһƴ
˵꣬һУһתȥһߴ
Ҷ쿴ϣʵϺͯһүүҡͷа»أ½㡢ٵ壬үүǶһźƵİ
뵽ҶʧЦһԼסȥ

Ҷڴϣ˼˽ǴĿĵ޴ս
ϧˣ֪ôһѴʲôҲûˡҶǼпֵܳڵϧ
ˣˣȰκҪ
ڵҶ콫еȡȻڰó¯׼һ
УߵòȴͻȻԺҶҡҡͷȻʧЦүүȻˡһͲɵ꣬ȴʳꡭ
ЦһᣬҶ췽ŻȻ¯Уɡ

¯һ̣¯Ȼ˸â֮ǿңʤҶƵκε衣
ȻǵؽһƷ
̾һ䣬ҶиڴЧ
ҫۣӳԣֱԼһյʱ䷽ųּ
âɢȥҶСĴ¯ȡһСС衣
ȥͺЧӣ
Ҷ쿴öɢĵ裬졣

䴫죬Ҷһͷѽ̷¡
͡
븹һ̣֮м˲ܵһ͵ůůᣬŵ

˵֮УҶ첻һΪܵ
ָоųһʱ䣬ŵ֮дࣵһ죬Ҷ֮б˲оһȼĸо
ɫӿһĨϲɫҶ콫ֻ˿С
ǣ
ױ֮һɫâ


92 
峿Ҷںк֮Ȳ޴սĵصȥ
ȻȻǲ׷ȥҶѰҡ١Ҳ̫ԶΪ֮ǰԥƬڵͷͬ⡣
˿̣ҶӰٵĴɽïܵԭʼ֮Уҹ˼Ǿȥսֳϼۣһøϸûбջٵġ©֮㡱Ļ񲻿ա
Ԫ֧֣Ҷνްģʹǰǿޣƾ̤ҪӦûǲġ
һ·ۣûʱҶǳǴսֳ
ΪĸоǺð
Ҷ˫ۣпһ䡣֮пΪʱ֮õġ

ɽ紵һЩȼĻҳּʱһƬ֮С
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ŀܿȥ
۴ֻľڣݸǱճ˻ҽɽ磬̿ζ
ûʲôϣˡ
ҶԭЩֽҵʱһ롣
˵ȴĪ˵һСС鵤ˣЩĲкճɻˡ
Ȼˣ洦һҲû
뵽˴ҶŲսмȥ
յĻ󣬶ҿӻзơΪֹ˴ǰԶһȥһƬݻơ
ף
ͻȻҶǷʲôһ㣬һ̤ʩչӰȻӶĿ֮ضȥ
Ҷγһ޴Ĺ֮ǰǹģʹСӦñħɡ
ǿȻһϦ֮仯ǣοСءҶаԸпһ䣬תȥ
˻˻
ҪתһɲǣȴͻȻϤ
ᣡ
ҶȻתͷɫɨȥ
ɽХ쳾ּ̣ǻɵһƬ˷һƬţ˵;޴ᣬһϢûг֡
Ȧȴδ쳣Ҷüͷ΢壬ЩԼǲǻ
˻˻
ҶٴҪ뿪ʱȴٶ
ͫ͵һٴγ֣ҶȷԼǻ
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ͷҶ߶Ԫǵ˸
ɳɳ
µɽŷ΢΢һ£֮ͬʱһͷ˲ļ䣺ѵҵĽ¡

ҶҪͷʱ򣬽µɽȻߣҳ֮УȻյͬưѪ˫ۣ
ã
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գ
ҶһԼղžȻվ޵ı϶еһ˿¡
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Ǿڶ˶ͷһ˫ĥ̰СѪ˫ۣ׹ĶվԼϵСࡣ
ĺҶ켸ʶһ
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ϵĴȻ˸Щ⵱УԪӦ֣תݡ
ǾڼһĻ֮󣬷ŷЩŭһѪź£ƺҪ
üͷ壬Ҷ켸ɲʱ̣Ӱȥ֮Զһͣͣһؾֱʮ֮⣬Ÿͣ¡
Ҷ˷ӦΪĹǼģֿɲƻǰʮ﷽Բķõ֤

Ǿ޴ȴûг֣෴ģǾѪź˼֮ûϢǱǿ׵кһƬ
ѵһô
ҶзɻͬʱŲȥ
˻
СྐྵȻԼǾ̷˾
Ųһ٣ʹǿ쳣Ҷ컹ǾСΪϡ

ǿ֮ٴ֮Ǿ˫ȴЩذĻ´ȥ
;ƿô
״Ҷֹһ䣬ȻϸĽ
ɨ˶ͷ֮оƣ̬֮⣬ûзʲô쳣
ء
߼ƣͷɨһ飬мҳǱ֮⣬޴֮ͨ岼ƬҳкۣȻǸ˵Ĵڡ
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ҶͻȻоʲô漴ĿεĶǱҳŵĵط
ȫƬǹɾΪζǼմȾϻҳѵΪ
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ᷢ˵ͳƺھǸС಻ҪַԼһ㡣
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˻
Ҷھ󱳵һ̣ŷܵ˼һ㣬ŤֻǽŤ˼֮󣬱ٶһƬȻſڵء
ҶסΣûŤǼ¶ˤ䣬ʵŻǱҳŵڡ
ҳ֮дһĸо
Ȼˣ˴˴ѪҺճס˻ҳ
뵽˴Ҷ˼·ȻܵħƴˣȻһѴ˺ߣԼȴҲ̬ˡӦҹһҹδ֮ǰϲŻźһҳҶ첻ע¾ȻСɽ
ôǿΪʲôҪɱأ
Ҷ쿴Ž֮ľٴθ̾뷨ոȴֱһ뷨ȡȡ
ǺǡԳЦһЦҶеҲ˵Щ֪ޣ಻ҲôΪ˵λΪ˽ǮֻǵΪѹˣҪ桭
뵽Ҷ쿴һ۽һϢľޣ˫֮лȻɢһ⣬ХҪǿ
Խֱʣ

ӿԪɢǿ˲ɢ˷Բڵĳ

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˻
ͻȻǾҲܵɺҵɱһ㣬ҵ˼֮ǾͷһƫҲûϢ
ô
ҶޱĴ£Ѿǿﲢûв˿
зɫ⣬Ҷ컺žĸλȥ
ΪýҲóǿ֮ޣڱȻڵ


93 
֮У͵ƷŻƵĹâҶݵӰϥȵĶǿֻţ۴С쵤顣
ıһ͸ɫڲϵ˸ϸĵ⣬ǵǹȴЩ۵ɢţ˿ȥصĸо
ڵô
΢ҶЩ˷ܵСֹһ䡣
Ȼ֪ȷƷףǿԿ϶ǣƷ׾ڵؽһƷ֮ϡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ǿ˵ҲеؽƷʵûڵǾڵؽµġ
ﵽҲδ֪
ȻֻһĿԶѡ
ҶٴοڵۣȻ㲻ԥͷ£ͬʱĬҿķ
ɬҶĿ³Ƶƹ⣬ૡ
һ˸ƺʱϨ
ǡ
ſھ̱ϣǹ֮оȻ΢ױ֮
üͷһأϸһĨʹɫ
ĸоڵɢһֽǿķʽϵĳŵ֮еǸ΢ţǿĳ֮£Խ𲻶
ţνңڵĳҵĹ̡
ױ֮ϵĻȻ޷ţǴ˿ҶԺ֮Уȴͬһ㣬ž޴
ֱ񾭵Ĵ죬ʹҶ沿Խʹ

ĴŴǽüͷ˫֮γһơ
ǣ
ױԽԽƵѾﵽÿһ𣬶ҶͷΪ֮һĸо·һֻεĴ֣ϵļѹԼͷ­Ҫ֮һ㡣
ʹĸоȻڵڲϵɢףǵȿĳ֮£ҶʶҲǿĿǴعţһַǳٶ׳š
֮ǰЩͬء
Ҷ쿴ŵ֮еı仯Щɻ
Ϊһηڵʱǻɢ֫ٺģΣȻȫǹսȥķòҶͷһ˿ɻ
ҩȻʹ಻ΪãÿǿЩĥĸоڲϵıǿȴǲͬǿͲ˵ȴδܵ˿Ǿ޴ĥҲƺھС
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Ҷ뷨ڵҩҶռҲԽֻ֮УЩǿҪȫɢȴƺһ֮£һ˿һûܹĿƣ̰ʳ֮С
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£ʳȥҶȴûֵܷһ˿һĺôֶһ֮£ҳ֮ǿ˵֮ǿɾе˷۱˼ˡ

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˼־ҵľĥƺ͵ֺ࣬ʧĹ֮У֪ǹȥСʱ
ʱҵǷ˲Сı仯չʶҶĿԭһ΢ŵңͨϵǱ˺ڵһСڵԽС
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ҶĿϸҲǻָƽԭӿܶĵâҲҫһ֮ͬˮһ㣬ȻҵڲУݷ
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ǿĳ֮£εﾹȻϷ죬ѵļ
״ҶͷһϽ֡
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Ը̾һ䣬ղĳ֣ǿԺĿǰ̶ԪеһƴֻǵѣͬںѧУĻ
뵽Ҷ֮Ϸһ˿˷ɫ
ҵҸû˵ĵطԡ
ڵ´ֻһȲŶ
ҶӣôˡһһɻĿҶ죬ղе쳣ЩƣҶһı飬Ҳǲòһ䡣
ȥүүҶòһЦһڡ
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Ҷ컷ĿĹˣƬ֮һʯȥ
ǹһĨڴЦ⣬Ҷָ仯֮
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ס԰
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ӶƿҶأԾǿĲϳţĽȴʧܸա
ѵܺԪһͬʹã
ˮܶ£Ҷϸϸڵϣǳ˲ʮ飬˿Щļˡ
Ӧð
Ҷֲҡͷĸ׺Լ˵Ļ
Ԫؼһͨķʽڣ֮ӶĪȻԪֹǽգԿʳҩޡɱɱȵȣЩｫԪ֮ҲǾתγһ֮Ǳνˡ
ճ˵顢ԪȻ챾ȷʵͬԴȻԪԽѧʹãΪʲôͲء

죬ֻԪѡ
ҲҪ찡
Ҷһ֮εһȻҡҡͷŷסĵ·ȥ


94 С׳ľ
ңͳ͸ۡհЩ쳣
͵ȼž죬֮ͻأ𣬻Ƶĵƹڴеĺ̺ϣӳһֵӰӡ
ӰصŲӣüͷɫΪ⣬Ϊʲôɻ˼
С׳˵᲻ǰᵽ䲩Զۡȥˣ׵Ľ֮ϣ˿һӡӵɫҲǰ㣬ƺһʲôš
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С׳վһɽۣüԶֻ֣װããȥ·
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ģҶ죬Ҿٶһᣡ޺аһ䣬ôļǣⲻɸĵʵͰǰҲֻˡ

ͬһʱ̣ɽһ΢沨ԣ賿⣬ԡ
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Ȼתͷ֮ͫеӳŵģȻһ˫̵ۣͭ


96 ϲ

Ҷ쾪һȻ֮Ҳľһ亹

ëҲǴȻδſھҧǴŵҺԿƷƷǰѵһʳ
оĬƬ̣һһȻӡ

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һһޣһһ׷ɽ·֮һ㣬źХ񱼲ݡ
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ļ϶Ҷ컹˻ͷŭһ䡣

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ԳĶͷҶûôȻС졭
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97 ͻ
Աӡ
ͬװҶԺ֮ը죬֪ΨһһؽѧҲҵ֮
үүˣҵİɣҶ췴ӦƬ̣Ц֪Աӡڲɹأ
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û뵽ϷﾹȻӲдĻţС׳Ȼʶ⴫ȻҲ֪ѾԪ顣

֦ľϵ˻ӵϵĴ֮ⱾƽҹĻлصԵͻأ̶

û뵽ջ񣡡С׳ЦһšͬʱۼԪӿһһɾ˲䴵˼֧
ڻػׯ԰ɫأڶڵĵˣߺһ
ׯ԰ЩһܵߵĸȾٲȻҲȺ鼤ܣҡź
٣ִѽ£ȴǱƸ۰ơ
ǾͳȫǣС׳俪ڣȻһ㣬αڿм֮󣬱ѳˮ֮ϡ
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ɲ͵شӹ֮бһ޴İƣֱʯ

ӶĲҽ໤⧲֮бǹΪ촷ۡ
һжǷڵʯ֮䣬ҶûлԮֻǾ޴ƶռ޵ˮֱ֮ɨѹ
үүҶǸϵˮ֮ϣǧһ֮һƿ˲㱻
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ﻹ֪ҶѾָʵ飬Դ˿ҲȰҶ
үүѾָʵˣ£ʱָܻʵʱٻ֧ԮҶԵĽ˼䣬֮£Ҳɲϸϸˡ
СӣϷѾַʽ뿪ŶûУһЦҶ֮ȴΪжЩ΢΢졣
үү㡭Ҷһ޲ðⵤӲ߿С
ҹأһ㣡ϷķȻǵڵý˸ϡá
үүҶ챻һĻĿɿڴȻ֪Ϊ˰Լߣȴû뵽Ťתսֵ鵤Ȼǰ߻ٵ
ߴһӣ˴ԭصҶ죬ȻǾ޴ȥ


98 Ʊ
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̶𣬷·ʲô̽һ㡣

쳤ХǵܸߵΣ˿ȴͬһɽ㣬ӭŹǿжϣ
ʲôС׳һȻĿǰһĻԭı飬˲
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ͻȻʹĿȻ˫ۼʶúᵵǰһڸҧĿĿ졣

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ڵʮ೤֮ԶصײһС֮ͤϡȻδֹһ죬۶ϣСͤȻ߻С
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ǿ֮ĩһϣɱС׳ϵıΪٴεȻתϲŤţӰֱϡ
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үү˵˵ȻʼɢߣҶ̲סһ
졭ߡ
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үүүүҶҡ壬һּԸϵš

ڶߴӶʵ졣
ʹ޷һɢҵƮ

Ҷ쳤Х͸ʣһ̣綼Ϊ֮һ͡
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ȼͷˣƸʤǰи̵ֵĻӶţ֮䣬һһѪ֮С
ŭɱ죬ԭľƽͷ羰ĺˮ鿣һ̣ٲȻͬ˼
Ѫ罦֫ϱۣͷ­УԲɵĺˮѪȾɺɫƮɢŨصѪζ
˻˷֮䣬һʣ޼˵Ŀ֮о˸ɭĺ⣬ǵߵӰΧ£
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Щ׺ף˷ɭЦӰȻ˫Ŀգͳ˫ȭȻա


99 һŹ
ȥɣ
˷ܵĴѸֵͬʱ˺ѿҶͷ­
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˫ĿȻſһⱬҶһӿԪͬ籩Ȼɢ羪衣

ǿľζ˵ĽŲΪ֮һ١

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֮ԻַӦΪڼ֮ǰľƹĿҶֱħɱ¾ǱҶŹҴߣǲҵǣҶɥʧ֮һʱϣȻٴνԼ˵ظ
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עĻЩոջΪɱ˶ϲɽһת֮䣬ԼȴȻΪ˴׵ĸ
գٿȺæӴܵӰҶ챡΢ƸпҲƵĵˣ㲻ϧûӣ

Ȼһ˿ƿ̤֮ʩչҶӰͬƿ꣬ЩȻȥ
ɱҰɱңȺС׳ǰˣ඼ǵھƹݱҶˡһεģǲ֪ڸģȻͼ֮Σ֮ǰ˴˳ŽҶ켫Ļ桭
ûǴĻҸᡣҶ鵭ĮֻŨУɱ١
㡭㡭˹ڵţסҶ½ǡ

ٴӶҶһȥ
ûɱңûɱңڹŹؼһ㣬˾Ȼ˷ܵĿЦ

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һݵӰڷ֮УȻԶɱȴͷƤը

һС׳ݺݵҧҧîٵ԰
ղűҶˮУΪǰ߻׷ɱԼҲǸûüҲûȥľһֻŸϽһγ֮ԶٻͷʱȴҶ첢δ׷Լǳվڰߣ֪ʧȥĿ껹ء
ģֻҪܻŻȥ׬ˣôС׳һ䣬ƴȥ
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ȻڰҶڵɶΪָʵֱɷʱҶûгֹ
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ӵ̤Ҷ죬С׳ȴӾķʽԼãȴǱҶ׷ϡ
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ͫ΢ҶҲǿǵһӰԪӿθ˼֡
ģ
״С׳һ˫ƿˮ棬ͨһǰֵӰ͵ˮУӰ


100 ϷŰ
Ϊӵˣ
˿̵Ҷǳ׷ֻǷһ˿мЦС׳ɱķʽ֮Աǡ
Ȱ㾲ˮƮÿ֮ʱֻˮ棬ٶڿն
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ˮ£һӰ׷ϣͷȻǱЩˡ
ȥ񲻱С׳пʼˮǱеٶȻܿ죬Ǿϰ»֮ԶôͨˮԣϢҲԴﲻֳȡ
ģҶ߶ʿС׳Ҳ߶ʿ񣡡С׳аһһҧ˺ҶӲƴ뷨
С׳ĳսһ
Ȼˮ£ҶʵĴ˶СС׳ǿһ£һᣬ˫͵һţαͬһֱܶϡ

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飡
УһεĳԶΪıɢȥֿ͵֮£Ϊ֮һ
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ߡҶǹһĨмЦ⣬ϢһԪӦ֣Χתݡ
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һ죬羡ͼһָֻ߰ȴյ
ָ֮ͫӰԽԽС׳ҲѸŤ죬ȻǾֵı飬ȴЦ
ࣣ
ҶָһѰٶỮƺֻһĹУС׳ֻȭͷȴǾӡ
ӡɣҶƮȻȥֱɿⷽվͬè׽ϷŰĵᣬӳ֮⣬˫Ҳ㱣סˡ


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ʱҶ챡΢Ѿʼ˵ʱ
С׳Ƭ̣ܰɣ̫ˣܰɣҪԴٴɣ϶򲻹ֽѵľأʵܵĲС

ҶϷŰٴ֮ʣǺ·ˡ
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ǿ϶ܲˣС׳ҲֻܰһҶƴˡ
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ǲǲˣС׳ܻҶǺһЦϧŶɻһûء
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䣬С׳ӰǱȥȭӿǰԪƺ˵Ҷȥ
Ҷΰҡҡͷ̾嶯˰
ҶԼĹȻģС׳ʱŭʢֻǿźȥҶ죡ȥ
һϳֺа缱֮иԴ̶

ǿԪƺÿ綼Ϊ֮һͣС׳ȭͷЯź˵ǺȻҶؿڡ
ǹһĨǳǳĻȣǰ˲ʯĹ֮£Ҷ쾹ȻǵЦţ־ĳѾ죬һͷ˿ҲͬҪһ㣬Ʈ
ЩĿŵĸоԾͱ˫۰ɡ
պϣͬʱ΢΢
ơ
Ҳͺ峿˴кһ㣬ô
оһ˲󡭡
飡
ըȻ𣬾Ȼͬɾף
ֿ񱬵֮£ֻС׳˫֮ϵԪ˲߽⣬˫ȭͷʼըѡըѡըѣֱͷ

ɱĲҺ쳹ʣ缱ҹĻԵ˼֡
С׳Ǳˤڵأ˿ڴѪȥ棬˫Ѿˡ

˺ѷΰľʹϵĳ񾭣С׳عŢĺӰ֮ϣʹ֣ȥ쳣ҡ
С׳
Ҷ컺ǰסС׳½纮˪
˫۵ľ޷Ƶֱֳ˿̣С׳оĿ
ɱңɱң
С׳˻ߵĺţȺߣƺҪҶĿƣԽԶԽá
ϸҶһѽС׳קԼǰ˫ֱ˺ȥһһٵĵ㡢ء롢
ɱҰһλɣ㣡С׳Ǻš
ҸᣬʱƽʱҾͰʾ㣬㲻ûлڸģȻ䱾
ҶݺݵһƣС׳ڵϣȻ󻺻վͷǲãҹĻ
˿̣֮ɺЪֹĿ£Ũصʱʱ磬֮ը졣
ǶЩѾȥ˵һ㣬Ҷ֮΢ʪ૿ڵүүƽ伪
ЩС׳֮˵һһҶȻ͵ͳںȴһ㡣
ҶĵϵıҲԽ˪һȻɱ⣬
ڵɱĴ̼֮£а񾪷ɡǱƬ֮һƬš
Ω缱
֮£С׳ҴһڴսľǵأԾӰ˿˿ıӿͷ
С״нĽô
Ҷڿˣͬаȴǰ߸о
һĻһĻͷЩԼ֮˵ҲޱȵĳԺ֮УںǵʱԼǸ̿ЦݣڻǸ̵Ļ
ƻĿ˹İС׳ͷϡ
ɱҡɱҡ˿̵ĺ޷˵ĻֻܲҡͷŤЦ
ɱ㡭Ҷ˼һ˵š
ɱҡС׳Ǹģ֮ҡβҪ硣
ڵ֮ͫȻһƺâͬʱҶЩŭ
ɱʲôοЩʧȥ
䣬С׳ͷ˸һ˿â
ȻУѪɫԽɢĽһͷ­ըϡõʬ
һҶĬȻƬ֮нѰĵѱϣǵܹ֮԰Ϣˡ
԰գӰ𣬽̤棬ȥ

еѪصЩ̱ǣڴĵӵϵѪǾˢȥ
˿̣ҶһʬԱߣɫʹȻ
Ժ֮УǵȴʧӰ·ȻվǰˬʵĴЦšԼļʱҲᆪµʶҲ红ͯһˣôҲᡭ
үү
ҶʣȻദʱ䲻Ҳļ֮ڣ˸ȴޱȣҶǰ׷޵ߣѾΪԼ֮ˡ
ǣ컯Ūˣ죬߱뿪ԼӴ
үү
ҶҲƲסеıʹ쳤ХּԽǹ꣬Ȼ͸ʡ
ţôҲ׷֮ءҶ쳤ХһᣬҧĬȻǺ¶ȵʬ壬ȥ
ٺʬҶʧǵĻصԼס
֨ѽ
鱻ƿһŷֻΡ
ҶסˣǿտҲ棬۽Ƿһ˿⡣
Ϊ￴һһӰǵųЦݣ̳ѾƳ̸
ܺȶ٣
һ̳
Ϸû
ȣ飡
һҶ˦ͷԼԺгЩľ󣬾Լڴ֮С
ŲЩƮСĿŴ֮Ͽȥķ伮
ʹٴƵӿͷԼûķĵĵ伮ˮȻʪۿ
ʱ򣬾ʱ߻ĽԼİ֮׵ԼĻУȻ΢΢ЦšԼҲ׼ܹط۷֮صľϲָ
أֻôһ㣬һѣҲΪһ㣬߱Ҳ޷ˮϵ磬Ҳ޷ϦһС컯Ūˣָ˭
ҡͣ
Ҷߺޣҧ³⼸֡
ȻС׳ǸͽⲻҶͷ֮ޣ
׻˵ѪծѪҶѪծҪŷܹ㾡


102 ս
Ũï׵ԭʼɭ֮УһӰٵıš

ƿ֮ԭƽ֦ҰȻҡɳɳ졣
žžž
ŲԳ̤ɣҶӰƽذɿһ˺ϱֵ֮Ĳ֮ϡ
ժǷ𵭺ڹ֥״ҩҶһ㣬ٴӶȥ
ɽҩĶ಻ʤر⺱˼ǿԺŵĽ֮Ϊر⣡
Ҷ콫һֻҩУȻͷ죬˼
죬ͱ
Ҷдһ㣬ûС׳أ»ʱ䣬޵ĻͶǰߵĳ谮ȻԸʱһսԼݵʱٵԼ
ʵȫֱӻԮģÿÿ뵽ľҶ춼Ǳʹ֣޲Ա˳
ұ
뵽Ҷ첱΢Ŀ⿴ңңԶ

ס֮УҶڴ֮ϣУһֻС¯ɢŵ⻪˱ǶƢ
ܷһսͿˣ
¯вס˸ĹҶ˵š
¯֮Ϊ֥ƷΪؽһƷҶղá
̡
¯з죬ζҲǸŨ˼֡
ҶԴжԴ˴Ƶ鵤Լϣ
ڵ⣬֥ҶɼƷߵҩؽһƷƷپ¯ĴЧӦʮֵİԵ
¯ɢĹâȥǹ㣬Ҳڲ֪תһ㡣
ƺˡ
Ҷֹһ䣬ζں֥Ʊ֮ѵʱһյʱ࣬ۺľĳֶΪҩƷ׵߶ġ
ԭ򣬸Ʒ׵ҩյԪ߲ӣɵҲӲΰ룬¯ƹ̣ȥӳḶ́ԲŻֺʱԽԽ
Ȼ֮£鵤ǸӵʿãЧȻҲǲ˵
˿̣ҶǽǺ鵤¯СȡȻģϸĶ
⻪תȻȴĿ͵Ĺâ㣬Уʱһ
ؽһƷȻ
̾һ䣬Ҷ컺Ǻ鵤С
ཡ
ʶ鵤ǻ븹С
顭
鵤븹һ̣ҶȴͻȻ֮зһ΢

ǰûҶһȻ̱Ŀ񣬴ʶ̽ȥ
ʶһ̽оһĿȻֻǷڲǱ𴦣ǰոҡ
˿̣֮ϵɫâٴλҫ۹ƮƮ趯
ΪλͻȻ
Ҷ΢в죬ԼȻܽ뵽ѧУǿȴǿ硣пʵЩ
Ҷ˼ͬʱǺ鵤Ȼ븹С֮͵ҩɢʼ֫ٺɢ
Ҷ΢΢ͷҩҲַĥĲ
뵽ҶԸаģ˫ְȻϥϣֻ彫鵤еգȻӭͻƱǡ
̡
ҩǿһ΢ŵ졣ϸ֮£ҶҲܹԵĸоһĲϱǿš
ҶʱȴͻȻٴηֻԭ͵âȴȻ̵У֮ٴֹ֮£Ǻ鵤ɢҩȻʼ˿˿С
ô£ѵһҩɣ
ķҶȻΪȻǿǶĿǰ˵Ҳܲ磬䲻ѧ㣬˿鵤ҩĻôǼп޷ͻơ
ͻζʲô
ǽζҶ߶ʿʵȥսһʦǿߣʵĶսԶ
УҪͻһβǿ߱Ͷƴʸ񣬷Ļܱ𣬿ԼҲҪװ׶
뵽ҶҧأǺȻ˫Ŀ֮УҲǱһƾ⡣
ƱãǰĻһԲȻϢʼԪѭĹ̡
Ԫͬ޵ʵҶ첢ǵһξֻǰ˶ߵʱѳԹһˣȻǴεĽǲҪҶȥ
йǰ֮Դ˿ҶҲǸأԼ߶ʿ綨ҷõ鵤ҲǵؽһƷԪǿȱֱ֮ǿ˲֪٣ϴĻĥҲǻ
ˣҶҲòðһˡ
ˡ
Ԫ΢ȫҲһѼȶƵʿʼ񶯡
ԪȻ֣ʹԭѱȫɵٴγֻ˿˿ƵϢ·ܵʲôٻһ㣬ȻٴҶ֫ٺζȥ
ҶǷһ˿Ц⣬ͬʱҲǰ뵽ϣģ

ʱһţӰҲǽı任˷λһʼ죬ƶ㷽
鵤ĵʱνǷǳ֮ʱڣһʱ֮á

Ҷ³һǻ˫֮УҲ֮һƾ
Ϊλ˳
ҶΪղðսԪͬޣΪܵпΣľ޴ĥĽУûзԼȻȻͻƵ˰˶ʿڡ

죬Ҷٴǿʵüͷ΢΢
˼Ƭ̣ҶҡҡͷʵѾǿҲʱûʲô˳Ḷ̌پͷҲ벻׵¾ǰװ˷ʱˡ
뵽ҶɻȻӻȡһ伮һС
伮ëİԱӡֻȻĿɷ衢磬ҵѧҲһʦ
ּջĿ⣬Ҷ컺ķ
ʱţ֪УҶǳڰԱӡʱ֮á
ž
鼮Ҷ컺ĺڶ԰ӡƺƵΪ£ԱӡҲʡȥ˲˼
ˣɬ֮û͸
ĿתһСᣬֻСڣ沢֡Ȼ˵ԼĵᣬȴҲδǩ
Ҷһۣ·׷˼ʲôһ㣬Ƭ֮󷽲Ż
۴ϸܵС֣һЩڰԱӡɬ֮ע⡣жѵҲǱĲáǾ̸֮
˿̵Ҷ죬İ£ӵҲˮɰͷ
ԭˡҶõ̾һ䣬Ȼ˫֮лȻһ⣬һԪ֮ʣһɫֳǰ⻪˸˸ֱӳӶǴһƬâ֮С
ǰԱӡô
ҶɫЩȵĶأݣ·ҪֶɫԣͬʱԵĸо˾Ȼһǿޱȵӿ



103 

ĵľϯź棬ɢ
⼸յһֱܲƱա֮ҫѵһ
˿̣ˮ֮ϣһӰϥ߲Զһ߱ᦲŵʬ塣
˰ɣ
Ҷԭŵ˫ۻȻһƾⱬ俪
նɱС׳ĵ죬Ҷƣʹ˿Ӧǰ˴·ϡ
ĿƣҶ쿴˿Լƣָ̯һȻ˸һ⻪⡣
ʤܣͿˣ
ҶջĿ⣬һ֮ǰɹͻƵ˶ʿڣҾȻԪȻ֪еľԭ򣬵Ǵ˿̸ǱԭǿҶУǼʼĴսҲǶ˼Īġ
ʱͱ
ͣҾΪҵĻᣡ
ҶĿ㣬оѶ
ʱϸ룬ԼܻܲɱѾֻǵĳˣͻŴ߳ȥôص֮ǻ뾡һа취ҵĹȻƾ֮ȡʤһҲʱ̿ҵֻҪлᣬҲϵķڱ䡣
ҾھưɻһڻأǸʱҲһشĺƽ֮С
ͣ
Ҷ컺Ľ˵˳֮УǴвԼʧܵš
ܻΪһ̸Ȼʦǿ֮һǺôҲһͻʦ綨Ĵڡ
ʦ綨ζʲô
ԪƶתԪʿ綨ܲٿصĵԪֱ֪ǿ˼
κ͵ĶԾҶ첢ǳ嶯£ǽԼ֮ӵһһܽᣬν֪֪˰սʤһ㣬Ҷ컹ǶԼܹսʤżĵġ
֮¡
һ㣺ܶȣΪʦǿߵܶ׸ҶȻֻʿ綨ӵܶҲԲһʦй֮޲
ڶ㣺֮˵㣬ӵԪͿνռԵϷ磬ҶҪ֮һսԪĽȻΪ֮ء
㣬飬Ȼͷ죬ǺôҲѾϰʮ꣬սҲᣬЩ궼ǴԹսۼƵľҲҪԶҶ֮ˡϾǱʵǿҲпھС
ĵ㣺ҶΨһǿ͵һ㣬ǾѧѧƿأҶν걬ͣӵơӡơԪܡ̤ټϸոյĴɱаԱӡǿѧɣ֮ɱȡ
Ҷ͵һս¹˭ֻδ֪

ҶĺһȻƱοյĲջĿ⣬ƣңңźȥ
ȻΪԵʺ֮ŵҶȻĿĴ֪ʱҲǶһССĺӰ
ô
ͫ΢Ҷ˫ȭʶĽս죬ͷȻһ˿˷
ԶеĺӰһּΪŵٶȷŴţ·òһʱƬ̣֮ңľ룬ᱻ̤
չô
ҶаţΪǲϱƽĺӰ֮УûܷСۡľһĶ
ȻҶ첢£ҲԾ΢΢ԾչôһսʤνȻֵ˼֡
Ϊչ̶ԷëҲΪҶ֪ϵֻһݶѣչĻôصʵɾͲ˵ˡ
Ҷ˼ʱ̣ǵӰǳˮԼɼ
һźͨͨźܶ˶ϲֶ룬װҲƽǷڽֵ֮УҵĻͳ죬һһʦ綨ǿߡ
ȻҶȻϵͣûгҶϣȻʱˡ
Ҷ죡
Ȼ벢ǺܽԪ߳ŭȻ羪ףˮƶΪ֮һ
Ҷ첢δػĿǵӰȻˮ֮ϡ
ǳˮʮɲľ룬־֮£ӵԪѾǽ˹Χ
ৣ
ȻͶ˵Ѷֻ֣һԭ̤ŵ;ȻǰҶͷ
ͫ΢֮ѸٷŴҶȻơ
ž
һ죬ȻըѿȻҶֱһһͣȻֳٴεأƣ֮ղţȻضá
ŷصġǲмһܣȻȫˮ鿳ͬʱ̽ƣϾӿЩڴǿľ֮󣬾Ȼ׷ƫбźȥ
ȥ
ǵӰҶϮָƽ죬йâһҫԪ۵ͬʱҶš
飡
ҶҲ͵ƣ֮ԡ
һ죬ͰȻأҶαˣֱɿ⣬ƮȻء
ˡҶվ֮˵ĵһ仰Ȼ⼸֡
͵Ŀһ˿ɫ˿̵ֻҶǸڶ֣ǾڳԼԪ߳µһƣҶ쾹Ȼ˼
ԵծӳôµǲҲӦܣҶ˿Ķͣ仺˵
С׳أС׳뿪ŵһ̣бֲԤУȻδ飬ȻּǱѾѣʹ˿ȻĻҵʳһ䡣
֪ôҶͫһ˿
ƾҲɱС׳ͲмЦȻ˰ĻԼǱӰȻ
ûƾҡҲҶȻڣ֮оȻ֮⡣
㣡֮ͫȻһ⣬Ҷָ̧ͣȻһĨĶȻҲҵУ
ҶƣͲǳ鶯һ£ʵǲǰΪλ˵ı֣߶ʿһʦȻһڱصõģ
Ǻǣ˭䲩ԶôŭЦмĿҶ죬һٷɲ⣡
Ǻǡ͵ĳҶȴҲһЦͬһĿǵɱ㣬һӡ
ƨͲȻŭ֮ǰҶӦǲֻӴܲŶԣ²Լ׿ڳɱС׳ȻҴԲѵ˵ʲôԼҲɱˣһһӣֱֿǳ˵Σ
㽻С׳ĻҪʬΣٲȻҲǿʼЩͷˣûӵӰ֮ǰɲԸҶϻ̫ࡣӰȻĻôúҶһ


104 ̽
˵Ѿˣ͵ʣҶҲвͣɫһƬĮ
С׳߶ʿ綨Ҳ߶ʿ綨ƾʲôɱǸ˵ģЦſҶ죬С׳Ѿɺɷˣģ
Ǻǣһ˵ҲֻɱҪɱ㣡ҶЦһĿ׶һͶ
һ飡С׳أŭ˫֮ϻȻӿ׺ԪƣΪ
Ȼ˿ѾС׳ٱʲô룬ȻԸһʳһ䡣
ҶǰԪӿ˫ۣ֮ͫк޾ɫͺһһǵԪУȻҲ˵һ飬ѾˣҪѰôֻһ취
ǳ鶯ƺ˼Ҷνİ취
ȥ
δ䣬Ҷûɵľֱһ̤ת˲ǳ͵ǰͬʱ֮䵭âźؿںȥ
֪֮ͫǵӰٷŴ͵ȴǹһ˿ĻȣҶٲȻҲȡ֮١
ԪԪһŶʿûдﵽΪȡʲôݣӲӲһ֮£ҶǶϽۣصĻǿɾһأ
ţ͵΢΢̤һһֲֻмĸڱһִһ죬黮֮ʣԪȻӿΪȭӭȥ
飡
һ̣ȭԣһ޴죬ǿײʹΧ·Ϊ֮һͣȻԶΪȻɢԲ֮ڵĺ˲䱻˸ߵ˻ܵӿݡ
һӲӲĽȻҶ챩˶գֻһεİȻȴҲĺס
ʲôֽǳϣȻδʹȫʵĶԻҶĽҲӦ㡣
ΪȻһҶ챩ˣȴҲǱ˶ѣͲûǶϽ۵Ҳûֳһ˿һ
ҶٴվΣͬʱüȴҲǷһ˿ɻе͵ľȻνƺʵ
ԭҶҲδȫεĳֻ֣̽̽͵ʵѣȴƻ쳣ҪͷȴҲչ¶ʵˡ
ѾﵽŶʿ綨ˣ̲סеɻʵ
ͣʲôʵҪֻҪ֪޻ؾ͹ˡҶڵͫзһ˿âƳ͵ĵơ
Ȼ޻أɱ֮һⲼ޵ȴ䲩ԶģһЦΪһͳȴͻȻʧ䲩ԶȻԺߵ˼񣬹ҲѾǰ˴·ˡ
ϣģΪѾѶֻҪ䲩Զ뿪ʱ䳬һգô̷ڱ䣬ǱҲӦʣƲãҲǻϳ
һұȻУɱҶֻ֮ɽ֮бɰȻ䲩Զ׷ɱΪ߾ͨı죬ããɽѰһӰǼҲֱȴ뻹й֮޲
ʱһϰѳ˽ӦͣôɾǴֶӣ䲩ԶôʵǿᣬƵ£Ҳ޷֮
뵽˴ͲЦԼıļƲĸ

ЦЦţȴͻȻע⵽ԶǾ߱ᦲڸŵʬ塣һЦȻֹͷҲǲĲһ¡
ݺݵĿҶһۣȻŲЩᦲȥ
Լϣףôһ̣Իþȫ˺Ҷ졣
ס
ᦲƿ¶һŲϵףǰС׳͵ͷ΢˲٣ȴһ
ᦲ¸ŵȻʬҶ֮ҪݷڴˣҪ֮ۼ֤Լ䱬͵ĹͷΪҳȥһ
˵ôֻЦһ¡ҲνڴѾˣ뵱ҵʱǿûٽѵԼ
ԣҶһ˿⣬мĵͣһѹʵ㶼Բѷ̫Щɣ
ҶĻȴٴοЦΪĵǿˣ˵ʵҲǴĵ׸еϧ
͵ױģҶԣδΪмƽѶһᣬǰ߿һҲЦĶ
̾һҡͷҿϧȴôˣĸһЩǰ촦ʬΣҲ̫ʲôȽϺһЩء
һСҶ쿴
ŶȻ벻ҸһɺãҶƽƺںǰʲôһ㣬˿ϲŭ
΢΢һʵղŵǰ˵ǲֻǶֻѣ뼤ŭҶ졣ߵķӦȴЩƽĳԼϡ
Ҷ֮ͫһ˿ײŭʧʵ͵ΪôܲŭֻΪ˴ֿͶѣ¶˶ڶԷʵϸ֮£˭ȱŭ嶯ôҲᱻȨյԷСΪ֣ʧȥǵǷʤض󽵵͡
ȤһΪ죿ҶǹһĨ˲Цݣĵ
Ҷ飬͵۽ǿһ£һ˿ԤС
Ǻǣôѵ룿
ٸҹŪ飡СӲʱôŭһۣмĵ䲩Զϵ˴Ҫһʱ䣬ϵ֧Ԯ㣿Ǻǣġ
˵ɱ㣬һӡҶһ絭ɫ˵䣬ȴ͵ػһתѵ㲻֪С׳ô
㡭˵ʲôֲԤԽԽأҧ޺޵ʵ
㿴һҶ첻ȥ˵ӰƮȻź԰ȥ
Ҷǵ۵Ӱ͵˫ȭȻһƬ֮󷽲Ÿȥ
һǰһںУҶʩչ̤ӰƮ鶯ǽ̤һԪֲ߳ݣٶȵҲ
СӲӲƴƾһѧӴܣҪɱҲΪף۾޺޵ĶǰҶ죬š
ʵһҲٳٲȫֵԭ֮һ
һȻС׳ѣǻҪҪʬҶһʱ˵䣬ͻͲóȻ֡
Ҷ̤ǵѧİ£Լһɱǿɾͺпӳ졣ƫƫԼ̽ȴû̽ǰߵʵһ㣬Ҳоڡ
ģû뵽СӾȻѲаһ䣬ͿҶǵĿ֮кŨ˼֡


105 ս
Ȼ޹⣬ӳĺҲī˿޷ˣӰһǰһٱ֮ϣҹɡ
˽㰶ߣ֮䱣һȫľ룬ཫԷס
㵽Ҫҿʲôоһ˿Ԥס
Ȼǿ뿴ġҶԴ٩һЦȻתηȥ
üͷ壬ǿ£ԥƬ֮վǸȥ
ӰϲԶ֣˿ƱգּҲǺϢΧĻոһѹ֮С
ĴһܣдĪʲôȦײɡ
ţ͵ĽŲǻĽٶȷࡣ
вʱҶ췢ǰ߲δԼǻͷЦôˣˣ
ȴδŭҲЦһ£ƾҲ£
ĥĥʲôϣȥˣ˵ˮء˵գҶ첻תǰС
ˮߣɻһ䣬ֲԤŨ
ģڸʲôֻҪҶСҲʲô̫⣬»ǸȥһΪãС׳ĻСʧˡ뵽Ͱһᣬ첽ȥ
ڸղνҶֳʵԶ߶ʿ֮ϣҲиӽ򲻶ϴ漣꣬òСġ
ˣΪʦǿߵҶֳʲôʵҲһʵԵвΪΣԪԪ֮ĲɶԽһ蹵
ˡڴԼһյʱǰҶͣ˽ŲͷЦͣ
һּΪŨصĸϢƮУֱŻ
ͷһѾǰҶҪԼĿ³˸š
ءҶһǰԶָȥ
ǰÿߣҲڼǼ®ɽĿֻԶɳϣһʬš
Ǿʬ壬͵ͷԶʱһǿпڲֱ࣬ѣҲǴпܡ
྿Ŀġ
ݺݵҧҧĿ죬סһԾѳʬ֮ԡ
ϢЩֱǣΪʬ常׵Ͷ̲סü
ǱϾĶӣıȷɡ
ǣȷݵͷ­ȴǲ֪١
ĺӿͷ͵˫ֽɳ֮У麧ˣĿѡ
ǰʬѲطѱ˵ĳˮãһЩɫ䶯У̰˷ܵĿǱʵĸ⡣
Ȼ̵ǣԲ͵ʬ֮ϣӲʼȻһƬѪģΧɢżƬͷ­ȥ쳣
С׳С׳ſڵƴȥЩɢҵͷǣҪ֮ƴա
ǣƵ־޴֮£С׳ͷ­촷ңҪƴȫǼֱǺ޿ܡ
ҶһԾĿţоҲһ˿֮
Ȼǲ̼͵ıʹģû뵽ʱ䣬С׳ʬ徹Ȼ״
ԣûгȻ֮ʱ֣ΪٺõĻᣬΪҲǲмΪ֮
ͻĴӾ޴ʹѹ֮еĴת⣬ǰͷʬ壬ŭܣ˻ҪɵľȻԼĶӣһ˭ɵģ˵ȻǸɺ޵Ҷ죡
Ҷ죡Ҷ
һӰҶɨȥ
ʦǿߵʵһֳֻ̾͵Ԫӿ羪κˣǷ·̺ȭǽ˺ѿ𻨡
ȭ
Ҷ΢ȭǻƽ׾Ʒ˿̱ʹȻеؽѧơ

Ȼǰ̵ֱҶĿš
ڱԼɹŭͣҶ첢δûѡǽһ㣬α˿
״͵кâǿȭҲЯԿɽʯǿȻϣ֮ͬ׶
˻˻˻
˺ѵǰ߲֮𣬶ҶǲϵƮţһֱܵ״̬
˵ָƴҪɱ
͵һȭƥȴʼձҶ챣ڰķΧ֮ڣȻûմƬ½ǣ㲻ŭɶأԿ
ӰںӰɳ֮Ϸӹǿľϸɳɣһӡۡ
һٶ˥ߡ
ǿĴ̼ҶҲһֱ΢΢۾˿̣ڲ˺Ĺеȴǻ³⼸֡
۾ſڵͫȻһĹâ
һٶ˥ߡ⼸Ĵ͵ĶСʵսεȷḻͲҪ˼֪Ҷָ˼

ݺݵҧҧǸԼһ㣬һ
Ҷͫ΢ǰǸոճּƾȻٶȸҲǰ΢΢ͷ
ʦ綨ϾѹֻᱻΪǿߡ
ţȴҲֻһѡҶ˵ʹ˾٣⡣
Ϊ֮ǰǾ仰ǹ˵ġ
϶仰֮϶ƴĸӿھʱڽԼȴһ㣬ڸҶֺôҲǰ׷ѹˡ
Ҳ룬һٶ˥ߡָǹǴ̣ҶͿνѪڵȳ֮£ݽһ˵һǾǡһ
Ұ֣ΪһѧܾһôͺȻƶƺ뵽ʲôһ㡣
üͷ΢΢һ壬ҶҲͬʱסΣ͵ɫѾһ˿
Ҷ챾֮͵ΪʩչĿȭһָȴΪԪѧȴƫƫʹԪٲȻҲͬˮѸšû뵽;ȻڰӲ»ܹ˵ѳ̶ȣݳǸٲȻɲ̩ܱ֮ȵġ
Ұ֣ľҵô俪ڣмĵ
˵ʵܹڿŭбѵı£ΪҶɲֱ˿Ļ֮ˣֻ˵ͷ˵
ҶĿޣ֮Աǣ֣Ƿƨӽȡģĵģ
Ұֵ֣Ȼܹ򶨣ǽʵתУǿҶĺ֮ˡ
ҵ⣬б£ղžȡˡҶ췴༥͵ȴǹž޲
ʵֺγҲɱȺ֮һɱͣͲֻʦǿߣһսĸ֣ԼܱѶ伤ŭô嶯֮ĺпܻǻԵġ
ңٵĲֻԼң


106 ս

Ӷǵ½졣˸ִ˼ؽԷס
һƵУҶ̤˵Ҫɱ¾͵ȵþ޷ԪʱˣϵҲпܣʱ䲩ԶһƿɾͲֹˡ
Ҷ룬ɾͼ򵥵ĶˣС׳Ͷܱ򶨣ôѾȥС׳ҲûʲôٴμŭˣַҶȴǲмΪ֮
¼ȻŭѰƲвͨôԼҲֻʣһ·ˡ
ͣɣ
Ҷһȷѡ·ӲӲսһ
ʹͶ΢΢һȴ¶ϲɫ˵ʲôҲ벻Լյ龹ȻҶԽӲӲôʦ綨ֱͣϵڱһĺ¡
ȻҾͳȫ㣡ŵĿЦͬʱȭٴȻУһɳϯ
ͫ΢ƤǸоһ˿ȣҶ֮ȴǺȻ޾壬ױ죬ӦŵâһͬݣֱͶ
ӲӲĶԾ֮УȻУһйӦûиԵĳ֡
飡
ȭƶײâһֱİľУһɿӿ˲Զֺͺ涼Ϊ֮һ

˻
ǿһ֮£˶ǸƺһȻ׷ԶԶ˿
һʮɣҶһʮ֮֮ͣдһʹ۽⿴ȥֻƶǳֳһ֮ɫֱϣоδ
ֻͣ˵ľ룬ȻԶʮɣֱ۾ȻھҵĲɫҲһƬ࣬ʹ»ͷ𺧾Ͳö֪ˡ
ôܡһֻӲİסأԿֱۣ֮ŵĿҶ죬о
͵𺧲ԭղһȭԪֵ߳ģټϿȭǸѧһ֮ҶҲӦֱŶԣеȴģҶһģҺ˵ľ룬ȻҲֻ࣬һ˵ܽͣǾǸղŵһζԻУҶԪѧܶ˵Ǿǿͣ
ôܣ;һֲ˼ղ˵˳
Ԫʦ綨ԪѵȲһ˶ʿ
ܶȣǿɸ֮
ѧƺͿȭͬΪƽ׾ƷΪԼֱ۷鲻ʹҶȴȥ޴󰭣
֣ƾʲôƾʲôҶܹӲӲ֮ռϷ磿
һ޵ţ޲ðҶһ
ȻǿҵĸоȻֻǲô򵥣֮ǰҶ̤潻棬ԺҲǿҵϣܹҵһûһƵУֻˣ·ľȻҶ죡ٲȻͲһǿҵĴܸС
ͷԼƣҶоȵĵԪĽϾȻ֮ǿԪй֮޲
һ㣬û뵽ģԤ뵱УܹһѾ㣬û뵽ȴԼ֮ϲȻѹ˹ȥ
뵽ҶдаΪͣǺʵĽˡ

һԪֱֳۣ֮оˣȻͣŲȻ
ͣ־ܰɣУҶͻƽٴη⣬ƴ
Ҷֳص飬͵ǿһ£˫֮кȻѪ˿ҲͻȻЩɳ˻Ҷ죬ΪͿԻôٺ٣Ҫʧˡ
ͫ΢΢һ͵Ҷ쿴֪ôȴͻȻһʶȴδȫòĸо

ͻȻǷ˰ĿЦָץݺݵĹţɼƤУҲͬʱֲѪ˿˫ۣҲѾȻѪ죡
ͣѵѪ֮ˣҶ쾪㵵ʵΪ͵һĻǸ´ްĿɲģ
ٺ٣Ҷ죬ܰұƵһˣҲĲң
ֵͳ˻ƵҶĶУɵһΪ·˼䣬ֻǱȵҪµδ֪ܷ֮
Ҷ죬ܹĿǿĲǣڿ֮ҲߵͷѪ˫Ŀɢĺ⣬ֶħĿⶢҶ죬˵
ͣ㻹µС׳һ𿴰ɣҶ͸ӰǱϮ̺Ԫİƣ˸ĵĹâ
ٺ١ҶȻϮЦţͬʱйָã·ڿһַһ㡣
̡
Щ˺ѵƬ֮͵ǰȻһɫԲ̣淢Ȼ죬һֻѪĿ֮
ɷԪôֵСҲ˼ŪڼһĻ֮Ҷ췴ǷΪǴκС׳ĶԾУɷԪ㣬Ȼǿ󣬵ǹٻֻխʩչ㣬֮㣣ҲΪС׳ŻûʹУȴʹ˳ͶҽǶԴΪؾͲö֪ˡ
͵ԭʲôҶ˵ԳƵһõľ档
ͣ
ûҶһԽʮɣ˲͵ǰºԥһǺɷԪȥ
ٺٺ٣֪Сӽʶһĺɷ֮
԰գӰ裬ǺɫԲ֮ϾȻ˲һĻסȫȻţգۼ䣬ǴﵽɷԲ
ѵйŹôҶ΢΢ɻһ£ƻǺɵǺɫĻӡȥ
飡
ŰƻкɫĻһҲȻ쳹һ־޴ķֱۣ֮Ҷ˲ǸоһȻ룬ֱ
Ⱦ֮£Ҷ첻ֱ۷飬ؿϢ͵һ͡д쳣æԪסؿһ죬Ӱǵɳȥظ֮УըѿһĴһ־ʹ
顭
Ҷڵ֮Զصˤ˵ϣǵȳ֮£̤ûпĻᣬղŲǹϵԪڵĽѾֻˡ
Ȼ֮ǿ
Ҷ츧Ǿؿڣ˫֮ӿžȵĿ⡣
ԼԪĴ߳¾ǳԽؽһƷĴڣǻǺɫĻ֮ϲûֺȻԼ𵹷ɣǿķʵЩš


107 ɷ
û뵽;Ȼ֮ҶأӿźâĹĻš
ٺ٣֮ǰǻԲѵ˵ʲôɱôҶ챻ɳȥ͵˫֮ӿȵĿ⣬ʧȥǰĽš
»˵̫Щ͵ƣҶü֮һ˿ɫǽ˫üšһǿĻȡ
ָãӡ֮ӶһֳƣһӡٴźɫĻϮ
ٺ٣ҿ㻹жͣЦţͬʱǴںɫĻеȴڲϵıŹĲڽһصļһ㡣

УҶһХǾӡӡȻҲӦ
飡
Ĵ촫ӡƣɫĻǿ²һ󼸺ͬһ˲䣬ƹЮ֮ٴκӡϣڷܶĵ֮УǺɫĻǱһѷ졣
Ȼ޴ķ֮ҲͬʱҶ壬ֻٴεɶأڿмٷת಻ϻûţӵеǰ֮֮ûϴһǱˤڵء
ٺ٣ֻǿʼѡ˻ƵĵЦȥ
ӡӡֻǿһѷ죬ѵҪǰʹԱӡôҶɫΪأ˵ӡƼƵһһڶĴڣǾȻûһõĳЧǱǿɱеİԱӡҲǲòǰˡ
Ҷŵʱ򣬺ɫĻеͷ·Ѿĳֹļеͷֻǰֻ۲֪ʱѾתһ򣬴˿֮ţ治ϵƮһ˿⣬ȻͶ͵֮УǺĽ룬ϵĿȣҲǸŨ
⾿ʲôҶǹĪһĻоԼһὫһֵ߸Լѧ֪

ǵⲻϵע֮£͵˫ҲԽѪڣ˫Ѫ˫Уǿκɫʡ
ûͫסûʣеģֻһƬѪ졣
ɷӵ֮ĺɷѰɣ
ЦһͻȻճָо·ٻʲôĹŶصһ㡣
ѵҶͽȻһݣǰ־뵽һʻ㣬Ѫ辭
Ȼ֮ǰǼ˵ϼа任Ѫ辭ģеѪҺӦֻһЩײĶѪҺǰѾʧȥ;ͲͬˣֳҶãĻѪ辭
˻˻ܳźԪʧ֮ǰֹô㽫Ҳûлˣ˿͵ͬ߰㣬һֹ챩ĸоֲУȴȻܹ͸¶һּΪζ
Ԫڣ𣿡֮ҶͷȻһ˿㵣ǺɫĻӦþͿеĺԪˣ˵ӦþǻͿѪ辭𡭡ֵĳ֣˵Ѿĳٻ
𰡣
ͻȻһԵԭ͵ĺɫĻȻѡ
˻˻
ţ˲ҺֻǺɫԲϵľ۾Ȼڻ͹Ѫ˺ѰͬʱͷĲҺһֻ첲״ﾹȻԲ֮ϣ˳

Ҷ쵹һǰһĻʵ̫죬ҿѲֻǻѪ辭ôˣ͵Ķڽٻһֻδ֪Ķħ
˻˻
Һɯ}˵ĻصӰ֮ϣԶеķ쳣УԲ֮ٴһֱۡ
Ȼǣ˶ͷ­¶ǻһĹβ
˻
һ쳣˻ǹǳ׵ĴԲ˳޴ֱ֮ߣ±һɭɭɫţÿж֮ʱ¶ĹΪ໥Ħһͷһ˫ɢѪأԵڿտۿ֮Уһ˺âҶɨ
ٺٺ٣ɷѣ֣ڵˣ
Ǻɷ͵Ĵ˳ҲͬǱ֮ϣ˿̾ȻѾͬʬһĸɱ񣬷·ȡѪҺһ㡣
ͣѵ·ôҶ쿴еĶߣɷԲͬڻѪ辭пɺݱĹа䡣ӦԼľѪ֮ٻвĻǵܶ棬»ܵķ֮
ɣͲмεϸߣԴҲͬܿưĲͣŤţ죬͵ĶǺɷȻҲͬľٶ
ἴɷɷңһ˵˵仰ʱ͵һǺתŲߣ׷ǰߵ

Ǻɫϵ͵ϣҲǿʼڵķҾ徵ĺ壬ȻҲǿʼ˲ϵֻ֮ͣ䣬ѾǺɷһĸ߶ȡ
ѵʲôôҶأעǰһĻͷãᷢŵ顣
ɷ𣬹þ
Ҳ֪ͻǺɷȴǵͳѹּ֣֮УǶһ˷ڴζ
ǡ
ٴηϸĦ죬ȻҶŵĿ⵱У֮ߵ͵壬ȻغǺɷ
𣬺𡭡
ͳĺϴ˷ܵƵĸоҶ뵽Եʶħѵľ
ɷ𣡡
һ˷ܵĿںǺɫ׵Ϊһ壬ԭ¶Ĺ֮Ѹٳ⣬˴Ŀĵǡ
Ѫ֮ϣȻû˿Ƥҡ
Сࣿ㻹Ϊô
ɷͷ̽Ѫ˫ĿзһּΪĹâҶС
ͣҶ˿Ƿ·Ķħӣг֡
ͣƣҲܽеģɷȻŭ޴ƺһŨصѪϢȻҶͷ­
ӰһݣҶɵĶ˿ȥ
飡
޴ɳ֮ϣ͵ļΧ֮ڶʱǱһǿϮ˲ߵɳϸɳգһʱΧһƬĻҰģ֮С
ǿҶи̾һ䣬ɷѾԹƵˣΪֻһ֮еؽһƷѧ
ƺʹЪֹ쳾ɳУµֻһƬ谵ǼȻѹ֡
Ҷüͷ΢壬ڵ֮оţɨΧһУֻһ춯ôĨ׹⣬Ҳͻԥĺ


108 
ɳ֮Уһ˶ӰȻҶ쿿ǳĹβ˦ɳɳ졣
ͫ΢΢ɨһ£ҶǹһĨĻȡ

缤ƿ֮ƣһգۼɣɫܶذ֮һĨ⻪
ҶһƸոմԭĻ谵кȻѪͫİâ
𰡣
ͳʱڶߣҶüͷһ壬űǸоһȻԼͷ­
飡
ӭȥ޴ըУΧĿƺΪ֮һͣҶֱһ飬ϴĸо֡
ӰѸӶҶһûܶǺɷճʲô˺Ҳǽѡ񾡿뵽ǹĹΧ֮⡣
ƳɳУһӰƮӶżڵ棬һ˿һ춼ûз
Ŀ⾯ĴܣҶ˫üţѹƵ΢š

粻סļţƬŵĻҳȴûгһ˿ɢȥļ
΢ʶһ£Ҷƺо֮ⶫϽǣЩһ˿춯ȻԼ
ɳɳ
ٶȺܿ죬գ֮ЩĦɳصһ̣һֻɢѪϢľ޴ֱ۵Ҷɨ
Ԫܣ
Ҷʺһֱ֮ȻӿһƬ⣬֮ɫͼǰһۺᵲһ۸ȫһǧһ֮ʽǿһ
飡
ٴͬľҶα־𣬺˳ȥ
żɳ֮ϻһĺۼ̤İ£Ҷ岢δʧȥģɱ˳ȥԶ

һˮ͸Ь棬ҶͷȥԼǱɾһ֮˵˺ˮԵ
ĿɨȥҶдԵļһ¾룬ղһԼ±ʮࡣ
ǿҶ첻òٴθ̾ɷĿ֮ûͷѧĲ֪Ӳһ֮Լ׻ʲôӡ
֪࣬Լĺ翹ûκġǵͳɳƵӲмζ
ͣѵΪҶʵôҶһ˫Ķķ֮أ͸һǿ̵š
۹Цֱ̫ЦˣƾҲͱԿֲٴͬʱһѪĹâҲŻ
డʲôţƣǰӡƣѲǲֵһİ˶ʿ綨ǵͳĳ͸ɳݳȥѡ
ͣһһ࣬ѵͲŤôҶЩȥˣͲ֪ʹõǲǻѪ辭ǵĻԭϾа˵ѪҺȼߣôڿ֮˾ͻ뵽һ״̬Ұޡ
ǣͿɾЩԴ̫ˣԼŪһﾹȻſڱտڴ࣬һ㣬ʵЩЦˡ
ͣԼŪײģѵԺôҶЦһ
ΪʲôԺӵЩ޷󼰵壬ӵﵽʦ綨ǿᲢ۵ΪʲôԺ
Ҷ΢΢üͻȻðһЩëȻ뷨
ѵʹͲһࣿ
Ҷ˿̵룬Ҳô˵ʹʼգͲһ࣡ͨӣҲ˼װѣ
뵽Ҷıһ˿亹࣬ôǡʲôطУĿĻǰռôô
УֹͷôȥЩûõĶҶ˦˦ͷͫеɻٴα˶־Ĺâ
ȻƲУôӡԣҶȻƣָٵıգ֮䣬ӡƿ
ɳɳɳ
Ħɳصһ𣬻ŨУһԼģӰӣϵԼ
úãҶʺһΰεض쳾ɳ֮С
ಣ
ƿҶǵ糸ӰɳһβֱͣǰӰȥ
֪ΪϲˣɷѪ˫зһ˿թĹâȫƤڸµĺᣬȻ΢΢һ£ڶżڵζһڿˮһ㡣

ӰȻǰҶеâܶǵױ֮ͬʱڶը쿪
ɷȻĴЦţͬʱֻѪľޱۣɨ˳ȥһɨƷƵʵ޴
֮ͫлȻһƾ⣬źɨľޱۣҶǻڰмٱӵ徹ȻͻȻһֲ˼ľֱһҵľһ㣬Ȼ
̱ǵѪһֱҶܵĹУֻȫƤҵľޱ۶
һ̣ҶĿֻѪɵľޱ֮¶ϸѪܣǲŵϺɫ⡭
ģҶĵһ뷨Ƕģֶĵĸоȴ̱һָо档
򶨣ˣ
Ҷһҧָӡ任˲Ϣ֮ӡɡ
ƣ
ӡûüը֮ǰһֻƱͬЯŹװϡ
飡
ִĴΪһ˵Щֱİĸо
ѪɣҶֱŻѪϢʱŨƮֱߣòͻأ
ҶӰڿ·ŰȻأȻǰĿӦܵشĺɷȥ
еûзеķŭûг֣еĲ֫ϱҲûг֣෴ģȴǺɷǣһ˿дŲмЦ
Ѻɷ̫˵ɣ
ɷͬʱ˫Ѫ˫ĿлɢһɰâѪҺȴֲѪҺ
ûƤ⣬ֹѪҺĹâҲǱҶĿֻǰâһ·ղűеĵطѪģȻûбըϣȴҲ¶˱ըɽڵɭɭ
˻˻˻
âţ۵ǽ¶ڣ˻˻죬˴ȻҶ첻˼Ŀ֮ѸٵĻָ֮ǰģ
ǲ֮ôҶзˣɷǿ˵زԼĻбҪٶȥô
ԣҶͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ȼ̧ͷǺɫѪ˫ۣ֮ǰһĻĻ˲両ǰٽŸղŵΡ
ۣţ
뵽һ㣬Ҷ켸˷ܵĽгԼûеֵסɷʵҪȴ׾٣ֻҪܹٵ۾ôһӦþͿԽβˡ

ɷƺҲҶ룬ֻŭһȻȻҶ˹޴˹Ƴ켤ķɳİһֱأǾ޴˫ҲǳֳһֺΧƣͼҶС


109 ս
ͣˣ
ҶХһͬ켤ɳʯ̤ã˫ޱۿΧɲǴ͸ȥȻһơһӡźɷľĿϮ
ܴ㻹ûлᣡ
ͳıŭͬװըڶߣͬʱֵģǾĿ֮ǰ˲ɵİڡ
˵һɱˣ
ӡӡ˰֮ϣҲͬʱĳҶ仰ĳڣȻѹǺɷŭը˿
飡
Ӧ飬ҶȴҲͬʱһֻȫƤҵľޱۡ
飡
εǺܴΪǾޱۻҶ졣
ۡ
һѪҶԺȻʧȥʶ
ᡭ
ҶǻʶнԼһΪʲôǸԱӡѪ۵Ļô
ᣡ
ʶȻơӡԪ⻪˸һԺȻУҶȻһƣǵԱЯžװƺȻ˺ɷľ֮С
һжڵʯ֮䣬Ҷ屻ޱУͬڵһֱ׹ȥǵҲԸӡ˺ɷѪ֮С
һ̣·ֹͣһɲûзû˳ûкûκ
̡
ͻȻһǿͷŵǰ࣬ǰԱӡ
ܣɡ
ͳ˻ƵŭȻƬ֮Ҳֲ˼ĸоֵͣǸû˵ڵġܡ档
̡
ԽԽܼȻǺɷ۾ʼһҫ֮ʵĵܶ쾪һǺɷ˶ͷ­ſ
𰾣
ֲʵĲҺֱ˵ĶĤɷĿѵƣ׶ò˼֡
ȴδܳá
飡
һֵͳ죬۱ɢȴޱʵĴҶĶС
̧ۿʱǳª׶ĺɷͷ­֮ϣһۿɼٶȻţ𽥳һֳƺɷͷ­ƣ𽥵ɢ
飡
ڣأɺӳ£谵նΪ֮һ
ͷ­ը촷ۣѪûѾ񱩵
ͨ
޴Ȼ߸ߵϸɳȫ¿ʼϵɢźǱɹɵˮ飬һĩ΢һɢˡ
ɢ͵ı嶼ǻҷûһ˿һӡǡ
ô
ҶǷһ˿οЦ⣬սǽޱȵҲ˲ȻǺ󱳴ޱȵľʹһ˫ƤҲԽĸеأҶҪվ𣬵ޱȵƣ۸кʹУȴ޷

ͳصĴϢ˼֮ҶǻججĻ˹ȥ

תƣ֮еƻɢȥֳεϴ
΢淺˲չ³˽ɫĹâ
ָ˶Ҷǽյ˫д۸оģʶҲǽ

һ֮ϱǴޱȾ޴ʹرǺ󱳴һּ׵۶ϰ˺ѷθС
ȻʹѵҶȻǹһ˿ǳǳĻȡ
ⳡĴսҲ˵ɱС׳ɱ͡
үү
Ҷǰ·ֳһȴʧߣ߳Լͷ΢Ц֮Ա˵Ȼûйҵ
Ǻǡ
εЦЦҶ쵱Ȼ֪ⲻģţ֮ǵߵӰҲֻԼԸ֮һĨοˡ
Ҷ峯µſţбտȥֻεϴƽƣһֺյնգⰲĺůĹâ
Ҳ֪˼ˡ
ҶţΪ͵ǳսһƱաХеģӦѾһʱ˰ɡ
ǽҲô
ҶԳЦЦԼɷޱۻеĳ
ʱǰȫ񶼷˰Աӡ֮ϣڱʱȻûе˿Ԫּɷ־ǺεȿֲҲ׸Լȴû˶ɥֽ֣ҶҲֻýҲˡ
ѵĶ˶ĲȥΪǲУżѱ׵Ļָ鵤

ҶصĴϢţƽʱ׾پɵĶ˿ȴǺľȫһѰĸо

̾һҶ쿴ɢŵ鵤Ƿһ˿Ц⡣
鵤һֵؽһƷֽҩƣڻָżΪĹЧ
ҿ׼ȫ
ҶţȻûϵԼܵشƣűҩԼָһǿߵĵزӦû̫⡣
࡭
ͷʶһ£űһͬ˸С
Ǳ븹еһ̣ʱһּΪҵɢһԭ֫ٺɢȥʼ޸Ҷ
ǿҩ
Ҷ̾һ䣬ҩ֮£Լֻһյʱ䣬ǱϵľʹǼ˲١
΢΢ۣҶһָḶ́ǹǳǳĻ
ҩҳԣھþöδɢȴĹУҶʶ̽ҵ״
ϾⳡսҪĹ˵ˣûѧеĽϣǰԱӡҲδؾܺ䱬ɷԴ
Ϊ˵Ǻɷĵط͵ƾҲǳԽؽƷ޵ĴڣԱӡֻһؽһƷѧƾɱһؽƷޣ»ǲ̫ܵġ
뵽Ҷ˷ƶϣôעİԱӡܴﵽؽƷ
ǿ
Ҷ̵ĸ̾һ䣬Ȼǿʼ˶ҵ̽顣
ʶпȥתҲǻ֮
ף
һΪྶͥ
ֻԭܶâҴ˿ȴ޹⣬ֻЩΪ΢ĵâһһʱϨĸо
ѵ֮еĴô
뷨ҶԺ̳˿ΪҲֻһֿܲŽ͵ͨ
ԺʡأҪԴʵ̫ˡ
ҶǾģдǵؽһƷڵһʲôĸ
ҩûгֿݽߵͷȻڲϵҶ塣
Ҷ̧ͷ˿գǿĿڵҪԪǰ޾ͺඣ
ˡ̰ţҶȴ֪ԵʱԶɢе壬νġҡ¾Ͳᷢˡ


110 
ٴʱɫǺڵ͸ˣҶ̽ԵĶһо˴ʹѾûôԣȻǱǿҩָ˺ܶࡣ

ˣҶվʱ󱳻ǻᴫһʹʹһ
Ŀܣ̧ͷ˿ɫֻϡ֮侲׷ǳƽĺҲûһ˿
ҪһҹٶˡҶҹĻջĿ⣬š
Ϊɽҹʱ޳ûΪƵҶȻܹߣҲνأóȻʲô޵ĻǿɽһǳΣյ顣
⣬ҶȥΪڵ˵»ûʹ̤Ȼɹĺ
ҶӰٴγڰߣǶһľ

ľˮУȻ棬˫ֵȻׯ԰ˮ鿷ȥ
Ũҹɫ£Ҷ컮ſľںһˮۡ
ԼһʱҶǳɹĶɹ˺ˮ֮Ϣ
ôصƶԣ˫ֵңԶľ룬ƣҲһ
Ϣ֮Ҷҹʬ尲ᣬŻصס֮С

ӱȼⰲСͻأҶ΢Ļ۹ҵһ򣬷͵ƣȻȼ
͵ƵĹâʹСжʱհס
Ҳ֪Ǳôˡ
Ҷžȼŵ
Ȼ֪ͺļƻںǰ߶Ծʱһ죬˵ʲôɱԼ֮޵䲩ԶԼƾһ仰ҶҲǿԲ³ţڵҾԲᴦƽ֮С
ţٴϮͷΪϾƽأҶҲأǿһ֮ǻ˯ȥ

Ĩ͵͸УͶڵϣЩʵζ
ڹâ£Ҷüͷ壬󻺻۾

һҶ´űȣ򵥵Ļ˼֮Щ£ǴҴҵ̤˸ϻ·̡
һϵİϢҶɫԺ˺ܶ࣬ټһЩͽ鵤ĸѾֺ˼֡
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賿ɽһƬ֮УżĳУҲҶͷƽ˼泩
ɽ侰ɫ΢ҶУһ·޻
ʱɽҩټ֮䲩Զǰʱǰ߶Ҷ⽻ǵڣֻʱңҶӰѾɽıԵش

һ͵ɽۣνߴɺ˿ɽ֮Ϸмд˿˿⣬ɵҶǸոտʼָһս
̧Զֻ͸ǲԼģС
ĿٿϸһЩ򶫲࣬һռĹ԰֮У˿Щ΢СӰشţ֪æЩʲô
ѵĳʲôôҶͷһ˿ǣΪ԰ҵڡ
뵽ҶҲ˲Ųɱȥ
԰ĳҶߵУ֮ģǷӵĶ
üͷ΢΢Ҷ콫ŲյȺԵ
ڵһѻҳ䵽ϣֳ˲ע⡰衱һͷΣҶԼһֵũģȻһΧ۵Ŀͣʵλϸ磬ôˣʲô𣿡
ŤͷҶһۣ΢Щɻ󣬵Ҳû̫⣬̾һ֮󣬿ڵ䷢ڱ䣬һֱ򵽽ϲأ
Ҷһ𣬹Ȼϣҵ׻ǳˡ
ϸ磬ǽأҶ켱ǵ׷ʵ
ϸٴ̾һҲܵҡҡͷżֹ۰˵أֵܳ䲩Զ֮⣬ľˣҪǡ
ϸ˵㲻˵ȥƺĸпϧׯ԰֮ȥ
ϸ绰˵һ밡ҪʲôŴϢҶνǵ֮Ҳٴ׷ʵ
Ҫû䣬ˡϸ⣬ԥƬ֮󷽲ŵ˵
ˣôܣ塭˵ҶȻֹżڵ䲩Զֵܵѵûסô
ȻܣǺ񡭡ϸϵƺ˼һ㣬ҿٳٲ˵
״Ҷ콫һԣϸ羡˵Ҳȥ˵ġ
㱣֤һɵĿҶ죬
Ҷصĵ˵ͷԲᣬϸ羡ܷġ
ٴοҶ켸ۣȷʲôһ㡣ȻԥȷǸ֮ˣһﲻסģڶ˶̲֮סſ˿ڡ
˵֮˰ģôܵشϸȻǸ˵Ȼѹõ͵͵ģƺΪɱ֮
ŶҶһЩɻ
Ұ䣿һǲ̫Ϊܹ䲩ԶֵܿҲôȼ˶ѣǳ֣رʶƣձôǸһȥô
ǣҶ컹벻ķ䲩ʯ䲩Զ˵
üͷҶ԰ȥ
͸ȺֻΧһȺŽɫװĻһ֮࣬ҸִǹҵĻǶţȻû춯ֽŵգȴǺε¶˳
Ҷüͷ壬ϸϸȥֻЩ˷װؿھһֻݵͻצƷǳ
װҶһݣҵˣ
ϸҶģЩɻʵλС磬Īʲôϵô
ԣҶ첢δǰ߹˹ʾл⣬ȻӰٵĴڲȥ
վסſ֮ʱѸֵ͵ؼܵҶǰǳ⡣
Ҷһ̱뵽ԼѾװεһЦȻĨȥɫĳۣҡ
ҶòǻҲԵһ¶ϲɫ˷ܵҶӣˣ
Ҷ΢Цͷأȥ
ãǻصĵ˵ͷȻҶ԰֮ȥ
˵Ӱܿʧ˵ߵУеҲû˶ıʲô
˿̴ʮɿһ¥ϣȴһĿŶ˵뿪ó
죬ǵӰȻ֮ߵ߽Ƿ֮ϣյУһĻȻ
Ҷ죬ѵѾôǺǣԽԽڴء


111 
Ҷǻһ·ϴȹţԼһյʱǳҵԶĵط
лˡҶǻ˹֣΢Ц⡣
ҶӿˣȥæˡһȻתȥ
ǵԶҶεҡҡͷλԼȻ֪⻤ȴҪͣȴ֪ǳʲôԵˡ
΢ʰһҶȥ
ǰһӭɫҲϲ⣬Ҷӣ
Ҷ΢ЦͷȻĿ֮ɨһۣʲôô
Ҷţϵɫʱ֮дŭ⣬ȥĿˣҵǼ˵
ȻôҶ΢оȵţȴδ¶ʲôɫߴջأǻֵ磬鷳ȥͨһ˵һˡ
ãǻ˵ͷһЩβסϲ¶Ҷһˣ·һŶһ㣬ΪҾƲǵ˲䰲˼֡
֪ӺʱҶ֣˵ǽ䲩ԶĴˡ
ǻ߳һƣҶӣȥɣ֪Ϣأ
лˡҶٴι˹֣ȻŲڶȥ
һУһĪѹָбϯͷ·һܷĿռһ㣬͸ĸо
Ŀɨȥֻ˿̵Ĵ֮ʮӰ䲩ԶΪλԴһϯĲ䲩ʯ䲩磬֮һЩҵִ֮һ࣬Ϊ׵ˡ
С죡
䲩Զ˶УȴЩĸо
塣Ҷ̧ۿ䲩Զ΢Цص
ͺãͺð䲩ԶҶǰ˫֮йâȻΪˡ
ҶٴαһЦ漴¶ɫĽĿǱɨһ¡
˿̵һŵĿⶢҶ죬׷д͵Ľ
Ȼ֪ͽɽɱҶһ£ΪʹͨõģǴ˿Ҳҵ֮Сû뵽ȴǹ˾ȻͣǰҶ죡
ͺҲһʦǿߣҶأǵӡг˲˶ʿ綨ǻ˵Ȼ̩»ɱɭ֮һδʦǿߵǰɵЩˡ
䲩ԶҶͨǰڼҶɫ֮Ҳ΢΢ҡͷʾȲҪȥЩ֮ˣʾϣȻЯҶԵĿλ϶ȥ
Ҷ찲Ȼжʱ΢΢ػȻ֮ΪҶǰѽεˣҴ£䲩ʯרλ
ɴһ٣ѿ䲩Զ˼ҲɲóлȻˡ
ȻҶİȣȴЩŤ䲩ԶԼŵλںʵЩԶˡ
ȿȡ
䲩ԶŰ
Զֵ֣֪֮¡ƽеľȻͻȻڣ˿Ŵֿ׺ݵ֮ϸһ˿Цݣ䲩ԶȴǰߵĻش
֣ҸովҲ֪ģƻǲǱͼ䲩ԶӦĿӭȥ
ԣߵ֮һĨײĺɫȴɢٺٸЦԶô˵ĻֵҿɾЩ˰˵¼Ҳͬ飬ڷկԽأüޣȥĻ¡
ڷկҶ찲ţȴɻԣôڷկӦͦͷĴڲŶԣΪԼȴû˵
֣ǺڷկشԶı߽磬ǵĴҲԶչҪ˷ˣҲòǸϹİɣ䲩ԶĿԶȥ
ǺǣԶȷʵǺڷկȷǴ߽شȴԶѵļѵΪͲδѣһôͬ䣬
ҶһšӦԼͳٳδ飬ԭƻа⵹ҵҪƴͼ֮һȺѿΣǱôһԴǵĺϷ룬û´ĻǺڷկӦúҲᡣ

ҶҪڣ䲩ԶȴͻȻֹסȻЦԣ㲻ͷѹңǺڷկȻش򽻽磬ǺмǺһ֧ģ컰˵ɺδûѵǶɵϣ᲻ðնɺӣ򣿡
ͫһΣʧЦһǺǣԶ֣ƺЩ
ԣױģҹҵһսҲûٳɣ䲩Զ˿ӣֱ⡣
䲩ԶĺʣȴſĴЦǸģԾ˵ģҺΣ
Զ֣ƾ޾ݿɲҪ˵˸ģЦ˺һ᷽ͣ£ϷŰĵ
Ǻǣԣ㲻ˣȻû֤ݣǴҶˣҴʲô˼Ҳ֪ʵ˵˰ɣǹͬ˷ˣҾᷢһһģ䲩ԶЦԽ˵ԽǼֱӷԵġ顱
ߣ䲩Զ𾴾ƲԳԷƣԻȻصһ棬ǲôг

ԣ䲩ԶЦΪ磬ֻмĿԣĵԣҼסˣȻܵһЩǣƾǵͣ»ûаҳʱ
䲩Զ˵꣬жʱλ򶥼ǿߺȻӣ˭ǲð֣һεѹ˲䱬
Ҷüͷ壬Ƕ˿ȥǵУҶ·𿴼ŵԵĸоͷĵ
ԸͲȥʲô˷˵е뷨Ϊ˹ҶһڰˡҶ˵ţü֮䲻һ˿ǡ
Ȼ䲩ԶԲţĶôҾʤҲǲʤҿԵģƺʲôɸ˵ĵһ㣬ĻҲѡƵķ

һʵͻȻŵգЩͻأ˾ȵ֮
Ϊ֮һɣЩɰĺ
»ֲ˵ɣԲмĿҶ죬
ҶҲһЦ㲻Ҫ˷ôҽˣ
ʲô
Сӷˣ
Ϊ˭Ȼˣ
ҶĻһ˵ڣжʱһƬȻִ¶Ƿ׷׶֮ԱǣЩ͵͵Ҳͬʱ


112 
˵˷֮£ҽˣ
ŴЩӬҶʵٴ
ܵȴ̺żᶨš
оҵһִһƿԵģ
䲩ԶҲ΢üͷҶĿ֮Щɫ
ãȻӢ۳꣡ǱȻƬ֮ͻȻЦ˫ӿĹâǷһ˿յЦݡ
ˡҶɵ˿
Զ֣һɶ֪Ϊĵ㲻ỹηηͷڹɣԽĿת䲩Զ֮де٩ζ
ʵ˵Ǹϣ䲩Զܹѡ˷ˣΪһӲƴ¹˭ֻǲ̫˵֮£ѾͺڷկͨϢıƺõĽ˷һȻ׵Ķˡ
Եļ䲩ԶֱѡӣҼλʮ꣬ССƲ߶ʶƵĻƾʲôҴһƵٸĶҾӪزƾʲôµʱˮ֮С
С죬䲩ԶɨһſЦԣȻҶ죬öȥ
Զ֣ҿ㻹ǰ֮λҶɣηηβԸҪȻ𣡹䲩ԶľٶԵȻĺûᡣ
˿Ҷ䲩Զ˴֮С
һã䲩ԶǿżɽĵС죬ѵʲôô
ҡҡͷҶεĻشûС
¿ûжٿ֮ˡ䲩ԶΪ֣أҶûаյĻƴһΪĽ˵ڴսȫôҲֲʲôùӳԡ
˷˾Ͳͬˣҿֻ֮˲˵ǽ˷ˣʵѺͺڷկͨһ͵ҾͷأҲڽ˷˵ĹһգôʱҪǿңɾֱ̽ȡ׾ˡ
壬ܾƺʲôƣӲƴĻǿҪԴҶ˼һᣬſڵ
ԣ䲩ԶҲǳĬüһ˿ɫ
Ƭ֮󣬷Żڵһҹظ־νҵơ
ظ֣ҶЩ죬䲩Զʵųƾ޵֣˵ظĸֵʱȴԶҲһݼɵ˼˵ʵǷǳ֮ǿġ
ûܣһƺ࣬Ҽʱ䣬Ƕ˾Ͳֻôˡ䲩ԶԺиֳ䲩ʯ䲩ƣЩ΢΢ǿҲûйڶߵĺ֮»֮شİա
Ȼ֮ǿҶҲȻһҪ֪䲩䲩ʯֱһʦͶʦʵ˵ǿɶƵǿߵĴڣ䲩Զе˾ȻܹһжһشǣʵÿֲݿҲΪˡ
ңһ˿·ѧӦòС䲩ԶĿ֮â˼ĵ
·ҶСֹһ䣬ٻɷĻʱԺ֮С
û˸ҵĸоͺ񡭡䲩ԶüͷҪ˼һʵݴ
˼䡭Ҷ컺ĿڣȻ˳ȵĹâ
䲩ԶԻȻҶ죬㵵ʵѵҲˣ
ûУҼû´ĻӦѪ֮ˡҶڵ˫ȴǸӳ˼֡
Ҳд˻ɣϾûѪڹҲǲԶۡ䲩Զ΢΢ͷûע⵽Ҷ
壬Ҫ˵˷֮ҪӦˡҶ۹⻺ȥȻڴ˵һսҪȴǽ˷顣
С죬˼ǺںһƴĹи𣬵룬¸޿֮ˣˣԳֵĻֻжٸҵûѣ˷һ£ȥĸоǸһϢʱ䣬ʵȴҪҵʵΪ㣬һ𰡣˵գ䲩Զ̾һƺ֮⡣
䲩ԶҶ컹ǵһμһ̩ɽ徹Ȼ飿
ҶԺлĵһ뷨ȴֻάƬ̱ɢȥ
ֻǷһ˿΢΢Ц⣬壬˭˵ûп֮ˣǻô
䲩ԶԻȻתͷҶ仰֪ôǻеޱȵİģ·վԼǰĲһʿ綨ߣһѾ۷ǿߣ
Ŀ֮ЩʶִѹͷܰԼľȻꡣ
ţ䲩Զǵ̾һС죬֪ΪҹԼǺڷկտͷ˵мʦ綨ȥǰװô
壬ͲҲʦ綨ôҲҲûôҶȻһЦװŲΪ˵
ֻ֮䲩ԶĶѡһҲҪԼǺڷկʦ綨ǿߵĻԼһȥ֮ıأȻǺ߸˼֡
Ҷ컹Ըⲫһأʤƽܣ̽䡣
һϣ飬ܱܿĽҪϺܶࡣ
ˣ㲻һˣôӳģʵǷ̫ıʣȻ䲩ԶҪȥѰҶ죬ͻȻѱ䣬䲩Զ֮£Ҷ𣬷ž㵵ʵ
ӣҶǺһЦҡҡͷȴͻȻʲôһ㣬ü仮һ˿ˡ
ôˣ䲩ԶҶ׷ʵ
ҡҡͷҶɲʱٰϢ䲩ԶǻϽһ㡣
ɱҶ쵭˵ţȴȻΪߵ뿪Ȼ
ʲô䲩Զһ𣬼仰֮Ҳǲɵ
ɱС죬ѵѾͻƵʦ綨ô
ûСҶҡҡͷһת壬ȱˣǵĵ֮ǽ˷һ¡
䲩ԶЩʲôȴҶ˻ȥ
壬ѽ˷½ҰɣҲһһϲءҶ쵭Ц䲩Զ֮תİĹâ
⡭䲩ԶЩԥҶҪǾòǶһǶҶ죬̫ðЩ
壬ԥˣҾԲʧġҶ䲩ԶЩҡĸоٴδߴ
ãС죬˷һ¾ͽˣ䲩Զ˼Ǻ¶˾ģΪǰ꣬ûԼʧ
ϣ壬͵ſɣҶһЦһĺȻ


113 
Ѷص֮ʱȴ˵Ӱ
أ䲩ԶЩִʵ
ˡһѮ߻ش
ˣ䲩ԶЩ졣
û˵£һ̫˵ģ
䲩Զü˵ʲôˣ
ǲ˵˰ɣԳѲŸ侮ʯС֮ԣ㻹ǱˡԴ˸Ӧû˵ʲôû
˵䲩ԶĿңңҷ
߼䲩Զֻ֣̾һ˵ǣȲˡ
˵͵͵䲩ԶһۣɫЩǡ
྿Ŀġ
䲩Զ˫ȭȻգĿ졣
С߼䲩ԶŭԭµߵĻͣ
ʲôֻһգۣ䲩Զָƽʵ
ٴԥƬ̣˵ڸղŵǼ£ʱ俼ǣ֮㻹ûó⣬ҪΪŻ
ǺǣŻ䲩ԶЦظһƬԵǻɣѹ֮еȻҰϸΪ֮ȴӻ񡱵ͷôǿҵΪָܵ𣬵ʱ򻹻һĵ顣
ܣȥһжٿԳսֵܡ䲩Զָղ˵Ǹߡ
ѵҪ߲δ̶һɵĿ䲩ԶߵҶ
ûԲҪ˷ôӦ˱ǡ䲩ԶĿҲͶҶ죬ɫ֮ȴмӡ
ðɡԥƬ̣ջȥ
ȥ䲩Զǽ˸Է񣬰׵֮󣬷
Щͬ뿪ܿģ֮бֻ䲩ԶҶ졢ˡ
ӰɢҲȻ˺ܶࡣֻϽҶǰϸϸ´һϲС죬ôֵӳģ
ǺǡҶһЦʵļ䲩ԶһģһǵǱʶ˶ʿǾܺʦǿ߿ġ
磬ȱˣ˵ȰǰҾֵƽٺ˵Ҷ쵭ЦŻص
ҶƽﲻЩͷǾҾֵƽ˵֪ôľͺ׾һ㡣
ðɡȻк棬Ҳֻܵ˵ͷ׷ʡ
ﲻ׷ʣҶһΪԶʧһСǲȥϢڵǰ־£ɾʹлϽ͵ζˡ
壬֪ǺڷկжôҶ쿴䲩Զʵ
΢΢ҡҡͷ䲩Զüһ˿ɫ֪
ŶҶͷ˼
С죬ȥǾòס
䲩ԶͻȻıҶЩȣɻʵΪΣΪͻȻ롭
С죬˵䲩ԶֹסҶ죬̾˿˵һǶԺڷկ֪֮١ͼıڷկ˵زʹ˷˳ɹҲᰵ֣ʱӦǰװңǿ֮٣һ룬һЩҶҲгûǿĿܡ
˵ǣҲԼǰ޵ǰ˷˵ʱǿңôǵɽĹơ˵һٷż˵С죬Ǵ˾ǺѪƴһҲùȥǱְ֮
˵գְҶļϣɫǹС
壬磬ѪƴҾǱ֮֡Ҷ̣о֮⡣
ǲΪˡ
ﻹ˵ȴҶϣֻ䲩ԶϿҵĵ壬˵ʵ֮ǰǰ˷ȷʵûŻ
С졭䲩ԶվҶļɫЩꡣ
䲩Զı飬Ҷ찲ȻһЦ˫ڵӵйâᶨĵȴͬˣԼȻʱ䣬֮ұҪڽľ
Ŷѵʲôð취ô䲩ԶһϲɫҲǺת˹
壬ӣɳȥ̽鱨˻˵ɺãҶһЦѰһλ¡
䲩ԶЦָָҶ죬ЦѧЩë
ѧɲšҲЦŲ
ǺǡҶЦһδˮһڡǸɣȻڱصõơ
Ҷ첻˵Ҳûڹʣ˺Ȳģһʱվ˲١ǱĬ֮У䲩ԶƺǶҶνļƻʮ㡣
Լֻ˰ʱʱ䣬Щ䲩Զɳ˱ѷ׷׻صʱЧʣν͡
䲩ԶҶһۣʾ㷢ʡ
˵ͷҶɨ˿ڵλ֪࣬˭̽ڷկϢ
¡һ׳ǰһ
ҶĿͣƬ̣ȻҲϻʵڷկԼж
߰ҡǾ׳ӻص
࡭Ҷ΢ɻʣ֪ڷկϸ
׳ԥƬ̣ƺڿԼ̽ĿɲԳ֮Ϊϸڷկܹ֮꣬һƬ̿Ϊʵǿ˳գڶİѽνΪһʦ綨󵱼ҷԶǴﵽ˶ʦ綨ǿߡ
ꣿҶзһ˿ϲ⡣
ûΪҰ񡣡׳Ӳ
仰Ұĵͷ˵㣬ȻĿתˣǿ֮ж٣
һʮˡ֮ǰ䲩ԶܵǸѮӦ
Ҷ˵ͷ˼Ƭ֮󷽲ĵӡ
߾ԭأȴʡ
ߴж٣
һǧһˡ߻ص
Ҵж
Űҡ

ҶһȻ⣬ֱõ֮˹˹֣λ࣬Ϣȥɡ
֪ΪҶ쾹˵
Ƭ̣䲩Զ˹˹֣׷ȥ
뿪Ҷת䲩Զ壬ܰڵȨô
䲩Զһָ糣ЦȻԣСԽҵķ緶˰
ǺǡҶЦһ壬ҹҪ˽ɽ
Ŷ䲩ԶЩɻ
ʱ䣬ұȻǸ˵һǧ˻ָ߲ϡҶĵ
ԣ䲩ԶɫЩǣƬ֮ȴ뵽˪һ£ǲݸҵˣСӻǸβĸأ
ǺǡҶ첻ÿɷЦһȻת֣أ壬²˳ٶҲ©һϢҾҹ
䲩ԶҲɫϾ˵ͷΪϢһҼпɽΧˡ


114 꽫
ҹ˾¸Ȼ¹䳡֮Щ谵ϸȥټ䳡֮ƺȴЩӰܶĿ١
ŻѵĹâ
䲩ԶҶ졢˵Ӱ̨ŻѵĹâеĻ谵Ҳ˲١
䲩Զȿֵǣֵ֮ʣܷȻɹѹأͿˡ
ǲ֪䲩ԶԺ⡣Ҽҹϣһʱϸ΢
ҹۼڴˣͷľһ䡰ˡѵҪҹɫ͵Ϯң
ɻ̬֮䲩ԶȲ廰Ҳϣֻһ԰Ŀš
Ƭ֮ЩΪͳǱʰ飬д⣬Ҫ͵Ϯ޻ʤ㼸ΪжôҲһüͷ
ҪֵʲôֻܿڰɣЩɼµ˽ҪͷֻҪֵǶḰǣһ຺μ
һڣе˵ʱʶһߣ׷׸ߺ
ǣ
ǣ
״䲩Զϸһ˿οЦ⣬֮ҲЩмʪǰú׳⣬Ҳͷݡ
ֵǣҾһ䲩Զʰʾ⡣
ԣнİһһĿȵĶ䲩ԶڵȴľֻҪһ£ôұԥΪƴ
˰䲩ԶŻڣΪᶨĵֵǣǷģҾĴˣҲԵС
˵䲩Զһ٣ĿɨˣϿֵֿǣҵǣң䲩Զǣ콵֮
˵գ䲩ԶҾףľһ
򲻿ɰ
ɷҵˣ
˼䲩ԶģͷǸжޱȣ׷ǰ
䲩Զ˷ãʰɫҹټˣôǰȥɱǽɽ
ɽ
ΪʲôҪɽ
ɻ󲻽⣬ٴη׷
С졣䲩ԶҶ죬ʾ˵
Ҷ˵ͷǰȻӻͳһֽţּܣɫ̫ڿ
ֵǣǱνɽΪľѰЩҶ콫ЩֽŷУȻʾַ
ֽŷַϣ־һţŻѹԿ򵥵Ļʮֲ̬ԱҲԼע⣬עԵ֪Щֲҩ֮
ֵǣһǽɽ֮ʱҪСĽҪ񣬸ܾҡҶԾʾ
˷׷׵ͷ˽ɽͼ
˶ȻҶҲٳɣһ֣ǴͷҲŶȥ

콫һнɽ᫵ɽ´֮䣬һҹļа棬Ǹϵǿŵ֮ǰ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿ɫüһ˿ɫһ·СҪ֤ٶȣֲŪ̫ƣǿȺ󺺡
ȻƣҲ㰲Ȼĵ˴˴δһ˿һķˡ
뵽Ҷٲԥ˾㵵ĿУͱϵĻذš
е˴ڣ˻ȸԾһǼҾȻ֮һ·֮Ҳȷʵúˡ
Ƶܿ㾡ʧɽ°֮С

ֱ죬Ҷǵһ˰ľͷǼǰովһսڣĺһһֻ֮УȻ
һҰȻǰɽˮʤա
ڶһ˷֮Ա
״ҶҲǷһ˿Ц⣬ұڶ࣬Ⱥѵõ泩Ҳǲδš˽ָ飬ŷԸľۡ
˶󣬲ʱֻľ˷׵׷̤ľˮׯ԰ȥ
ԼָСʱˮ·ׯ԰Լֳǰֻϴǰ֮ʱȴǵӭˮ֮ϵĺӰ뵽˴Ҷ첻˸УĿ˼
ľҲ죬ʱ˱ѵˮ鿣ׯ԰֮б˾סԹ֮ﲢѷ
𴶷ֻӣȻǽɽɼҩˡ
Ϊҹ·ټ˶ֵĺӣһһ̻ʵģҶȴǱпģǷ꣬аԼᶨĵΪԺҲˣҲҪҵĹơ

ʱת۷ţ֪Уǽɽҩһˡ
Ҷվһɽۣ֮ЩɢڸϸѰҩһǣǹһ˿΢Ц
ڴ˵صشɽټ˲ϧԶҩջνǼΪʢõؽһƷҩʮ꣬ƽ׾Ʒҩһʮ꣬ƽװƷҩʮ꣬ƽƷƷҩİپʮһ꣬ЩڻƽƷĵͽҩֱǲʤö
ջ񣬼ֱǳҶԤڡ
Ҳˣ˴ɽ޺УȻҲ˺ܶ࣬ЭټҶָӵõڸ˽˵±ǰնɱʮͷ֮ޣҸ˵ǣʮͷ֮УȻڵ
Ŵ磬ø߷£ܵͺáҶһʮֺ
ϣӿ첽˹ӹҶеҩȻٴתȥ
ԭڸղ˱ǻɱһͷޣսУҶղᵽǸЩزˣǶҩ˼ֱǲֵһᡣ
Ȼ߷ҩ֮һյĹ򣬱ٴŸߵĲɼҩȥˡ
ǺǡҶ״һЦڴҵĽȺ̬ȶĸ⣬ۿһîžġɻҲǴΪ
ͷ˿еҶٴιһĨǳǳĻȡ
еģһɢŵĵ飬Ȼָֻ״СᴿĹâȴ˵˴ƷףȻ͡
ڸոջɱãһöҲﵽؽһƷ۹ڵ
ӦþͻƵʦ綨˰ɣҶ˵ţ޵ڵз˳ȵĹâ
ǰڵǱãԴ֧֮£Ҷ첻ٴνѾݽߵҳӯһ׾ٵͻƵ˾Ŷʿڣ¾ʦ綨Ҳֻһ֮ˡ
̧ͷ˿ɫֻӰбͮƶ䣬ĺɫ
ֵǣչ
Ҷ˫̽ߣ
ϣ
ȥȾඣ
ȸԾһ˸߲ң׷ˮׯ԰ȥ
Ҷ쿴ӰдгȻҩĳＯ㹻ǧߣȻ߽ҩޣָ̻ǵսȥްӦò¡ʹɲܵսʹãһЧӦòѰ쵽
£̵ĹؼԼܷԺͺڷկıˮ֮ˡ


115 
峿ɫոշЩ˱ϢĴɽ֮лصңһͨûоεĲҩжҲա
˻صңɼҩַȥ߽ҩ߷ãͽҩ΢߷ãֺԴ֮£һҲɵĽ
Լ˷ùҩĵڶʱǺµ硢ȥ޴ֻһЩƽ߻µߣǹò˼죬ӦҲܳȬ
Ȼҩ࣬ټʱȣҶҲûʱ佫֮һһĻЧȻٺϼ֡
ææµµ֮Уʱһգ۱ǵʱ̣Ҳʱ䣬
䲩ԶҲûģҶҲѾ׼Լ䳡֮УˣҶӡ
䲩Զӭ䳡˿ʢҫúսףԡ
ܺãЩơĵ˵ͷΪĵѪۻľȺ˾һ㻤ܱȵģڵʶҪͨһ
ɳԽǾӢԽǸˣԽҵĹǸıջҲԽ
Ȼ׼׵ǾͳҶļһģ
ɡҶû㣬΢΢Ƿص
ҶһԵпʵһΪҶԼ޻ûСӲûı֣һԼ
ӦƬ̣ԵͻȻΪҶӦ֪ǰ;գûȳѾʼˡ
Ц̬ת䲩ԶԶ֣㾡ΪǸ߷ڣؿճҪСţ
ԣͲˣҲЩ붣һ䡣䲩ԶδЦ˵
ŶԶк˵ţһЦ̬֮
Ϊ˷˴ƿνɷѿİûСΪϣɱ͵ʴס䲩Զںһ㣬ֵȥ֮ϵһҳ
Զְæ֮оȻΪҲģֵģĺֵˣʧģζĿЦţȻתȥ
һߣҲǷ׷뿪һɷһģ
壬ˣ͵ҿɡҶ쵭Ц䲩Զ˹֣ȻҲȥˡ
Сġ䲩Զƺûʲôһ㡣
ȻϿȥĺܣпνֵǣڷկյͷǿɲǰġ
ݵӰԶ䲩ԶҲҡͷ̾һ
ңԱҶҵǰҶ죬ҵĺúǿɷ۰
ҶĿɨȥֻҴԼҲɳٶˣ¾װͻơ
˵ЦˣЩúֱֹۣҴ۽硣Ҷͷػ顣
ҶˣҶĵģԸе⣬ڿǰ
ǺǣСӣû뵽ôͣûˡȴˣôͷҶĳܲЦҶ죬в¶ɫš
ǺεˡĻͬףȻȻ⣬ȴͿûܺתĻˡ
ްѻСĽҺúķɡҶɹ𻰣ͷβǱֳһһȵģ
Ǻǣ׻˵ʶʱΪܣҶžһܰԲмһЦȻתŶԵȥ
ޣСӲʤϲҶϣǵŵ֮ϣȴǸһ˿˲ײЦ⡣
βˣٴοڣҶ죬εĽ˷жұҶܴ棬ϣܹϺһȫ߶ˣΪȥ
˵仰ʱоⱩĿûпǷ˰ڣǽĶҷ
ʲô˼ҶȻȻأЦԣĵһٲңǺǣֻ˷۱
үȻţҶɲ©ۼأ۸ڶ֣Ƽ
ߣһǸڿҲһ׸֮ͬУЩˡһǲм֮ԸҪ³ç˺ܶ࣬ſ֮ʡ
Ǻǣү£СҲǲѶΪ֮ǺڷկεʵȻΪ̩֮Сӻ治ȥǺڷկùͷҶ֣һģ
ޡˡȻݵ޷죬˿ҶȴڷⷬԼ˵ûˡ
ȻΥ˵ܣǶçȷʵΪãֻЦüһȻǸثȿȣȻСЩҲ
ҶҲ̫ԱµŪôһ䣬űŤ
ͷҶаɫһ`ɫСӱ΢үʵɲ⣬Աν˷˻үָӣ˵ߣ˵ͣǾ֪ͣɺã
ԣȴǽһߣСܣͻȻΣҶΪֹЩ
һҶɨ˼ۣ֮ȴǲмһᣬͷԵ˰ɣ֪ԼǱ֣֮ԲŸһǷһ
ᣬİҡҡͷĵ
ˣ磬˵㰡ԽԽС¡һδɵĳСҲǡΪ⣬Ҳǰθࡣ
ҶòǺԶԼܹ˶ԻһȴûʲôӦֻǾվԭأװš
ܣһ䣬СΪϡԴҶջĿ⣬ڼҶǹװģΪ֮Ǹеһ˿ǡ
磡ųְǰߵļͷεĵ£ûЩ飬С
˼һᣬЩ̫ȷĵ˵пܣҲΪû䣬ԲŻд˸ı䡣
磬ҲǱȻˡ˿ûҶϡ
ˣСıǣʲô춯õȵڷկؽ磬ֱӾ͸ҡ˵ԱȳһĨơ
ģֶĳҲǵãùǡ¶ݺݵĵ
ãȥɡ
ӦһȻתصҶǰмĵǣƥ
ϡҶһܸǣֱҰģһа˹
ЦһŴһ˦žž졣
̣


116 
޲˵ĶҲ̤ƽĴ֮Ƴ
Ҷһ԰֣Ŀ֮мɫԣȥ
˿ӱޣƺǲٶƿ죬Űʱ֮󣬱Ѿĳǰؽ硣
ͷֻ¥ݾԱԼƳ죬Щ̫塣
Ҷ߳ƥܿĴӶͷֱ׷ϣߡ
ү˵ǺڷկʵǷʦǿߣ֪ǲģҶ˹֣ĵ
мһЦƳҶһۣôˣ
үĿ棬С˼ȻүҶ`Ц
ߡһڣ¸񣿡
Ҷ칧άʮãһʱ⵽С
ǵǣүʵȻᱣСȫҶװܣȴţɵлҾͰЩʲôһˡ
Ƕʦ綨Ҷƾǽ˿çڵͻƵʦ綨ǰ϶ˣټܽԪʱͲĶ֡
ģжү㣬û˶ġһ߸ϵģ֮
Ҷ쵱Ȼֻ֪˵˵ѣնɱһԵİӣһһеǱˣ˭Ҳ㹻ҶҶ֮ˡ
ǾͺãǾͺáСӾллүˡҶΨΨŵŵѾЩƨͷԵļˡ
˵˰֣Ϊ⡣
֮һ·޻ֻܲǰУԼĸʱ֮ɫǺڵ͸ˡ˴˿Ҳ˴·нһɽ·֮ϣɫҹɽ·㴫ȥҰӪկ𴶷
˺Ȼ¸ãֻѱϣҵһܷڣţ٩ɽȲϣʰ֮¿һۣһһģ
˸ӵģһ󺺷޷޵һ䣬ǿ飬ۿͷŭ
磬嶯ҶסǴ󺺣ʾ¡
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ԣ˼һᣬҡҡͷҶС磬һЩ秵Ĵʣ
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ڵʵ˵ϸһʿǿӦò£˭ܱ֤Ǻڷկһӵϣ˭ܱ֤Ƿֻһʦ
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117 
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үҶ칪֣ȴż죬֪ҹ˯ΪλԼ
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118 ֵǵ
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˰ӵģ忴Ϣķһ䡣
磬Ҳȥ˯ɡҶ
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ǶѪԵĺӣ˵ȻʵԲߣҪǳҲǲڻ£ܹ
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Ȼšͷֿ
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ǡ
ˣ˵ʵұǸҶĻĿԶջأתϢ֮ء
Ҷ˵һ㲻٣踺أΪĲԼΪֵܹļεĽ˷ˣǺҺʵȴ뻢֮أʱҲŪûûͬڷկӦϣָ֮ܵƣŪÿɾȫû
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仰˵Ҷ첻ҪȫúôԸҵȺɱ߽߳ذˡ
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Ҷüͷһ壬ЩεĿ塣Ȼ˵ǺûǵžͱŤ֡
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θҶÿһ֮˶֪ǰ;֮Ѳ⣬ȴװһںģΪϣԺҶ칲ˣ仰˵ǵУҶ죬ȻΪҵһˣһֵ׷ˡ
硭Ҷͷж֪˵ʲôΪá
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ȻȻҶװΨΨŵŵģȴҲһղƴһʱ𣬷ƤͯԣҺûŭĻǰһ·ɾͰˡ
ݺݵҶһۣһȻתͷٴ޴ߴ٣
ˣۼ٣ҶҲǻͷߺһȻźȥ
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ӣɾսˣҶ쿴ļˮп
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119 
㣬ˮļоʯѰ˵Զɹ
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ͻȻһգҶȻ䡣
ãҶоһȻ󼸺˲㽫̤ʩչṳ֮̂ʣٴƮȻϡ
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ô塭Ҷֻȫ²ķһ亹ƤҲӿһ
У취ʶص㣬Ļ֪ҪжֵܲҶ쿴ſӵЩ쳣ʬ壬жʱһݡ
ΪղҪǰ·ҶɲԼֵ
뵽Ϣ񣬻ĴӺ˳
һΧҶ˲оһ˿ָоͺˮбƾˣͻȻˮ滻һ㣬˵һ
綾ޱȣʹԪҲδؾܲ亦
ҶصĻĿĹˣֻĿܼ֮ҰããȻ·ƽ̹Ұ֮ȴ˭Ҳ֪˶ٵա
ԣҶҡڵҰݣ롣
˾綾ʱݲǣѵ
ĿٴɨһȦƬ֮Ҷ㷢еϵ
ããҰȻƽʵȴмѭϸȴֱܹǵĲ֮ͬ


120 
Ҷ֣ͷΪܣֻߵһҰݣõǰϸϸꡣ
ҲôеҰҶ鱦֮ͨмأҲȻֻǻƽһƷݣ֮ǿֱɳƱ̬ұɹ֮¡ֱôնܻ̬ˮ¶֮󲻳һʱٴݣȻãȴ쳣Ȼǲܶʲô𺦡
ҲէһѰҰݲʲô̫룬ֻҶƬ֮΢лưߣȻǻư߲ǿϳ䱾̬ѡ
뵽˴ҶηǷĹˣƬ֮󣬽ǰȥ
ҶʮɿĿĵأϸֻ˵شŷԲ֮ҰݾǛҲݣǵư߱õ֤
ְһţϸƬ̣ȷϱǛҲ֮ҶϵƬҲݸǵĵشԾȥ

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ٱӣȻֲֻһƥʧӲĺᱼߣԼǰ˵·ߣһ꼰ߵͬ顣

⼸Ǵһ·ߣűǵȻݣ˻ĲҽʱȻ쳹׵вֵһᣬȴһ׶̽˵š
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ӦֻоµȻǰ㣬Ȼǵٵݣһ¿̣֮ͫһֻͷСĳܡ

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ûüӦǱӲұԴ

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ͻȻĺյҹĻűǿĿ͵һ·Ǿǲӿӡ
ȻúԶĲҽȴͬڶһ㣬Ҷ첻ÿҲ֪׹֮˵ǶôĲҾ徣ΪеһĻʹǼᶨһ֮¿ҲĨ
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ݵƲס֮ȥûʲôѧ֧ţԸ޷Ⱦ޴֮ŤתΡ
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ŨʱǴһɺ˵пֱͬͻȻӵðһ㣬һ
үֶΣȻ㲻áԼʮɿԶҶ츧Цһֵģ
Ҷ죡Ĳ㣡ŭǰ򶷡
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ѵǸղšͷȻһղ׹֮ʱֻɱȴ˵ԪסղЩﱬ֮ʱǺ̼ҲԵĸо۾ɬʹʱδ⣬¿Ǿ綾˫ۣۼˡ
үȻԸЩ´࣬СӾлȥˣ򺦵ЩֵǵġҶ첢δ֮ô˵ǱЩѱȴԥ֮еһǸϽϡ
Ҫǿզ죿
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ģˣûùӳԣһԥƬ֮͵һţȻҶ캰ҶԵȣԸͶ£
ܺãվҶƺ֪˻Ͷһ㣬˿ڵ˲תȻָǰݵأǰ岽תǰʮת߲
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ˣˣҵӻˣСֹţͬʧķһ㡣۾ؼѱǼֱǲ֪Ҫ˶ٱ֮£˼ȥЩͽ
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ҶУõ΢࣬Ȼ۾֣ǲֵһġΪһҶ췢Լ֢״ô߼пܻûɱ֮졣
뵽񲻵òѹסеļǿЦҶӣֶΰ
ڿȴǱŭҶɻȴδңЦүﻰ˵ĺҶ֮ת֮޴󣬿еܳ
ҶЦ֮ǰҶ˵ʱһһģɸղǾȴǲ֪أȻҶӣҶΪ⡣
ǺǣҶǫˣ˵͵ſǰвţտȻ鴫Ц
ʲôҶЩˣôԼƨ
Сֹһ֮ҶٴθֳֵɫүγԣɷСˡ
ŭʢҶ߷²˵˫۲ϹھȻʺγԣ
ȻŭǣΪ˻ȴòװһάģֻڨЦµֵܸ㣬ҷġ
Ŷԭ°˶ѡ˵ȨүôɣҶϡͿ֪˼ֻܳԴ̼
ȻȻ֣ЦҶӰղһ룬ʵ˷˴ƱͲ֣ᣬӿ죬ʵҲͣҾûǰλΪʡ
ҶһʵЩ㲻«ʲôҩˡ
һᣬҶ첢δ֮аһ䣬Ȼ󿪿ڵҶӲɣµĵֶˣѵԱҵô
ӣүҪ˵ҿɾ͹ˡҶˬһЦĵȴǸŨ


125 һ
ԴǣҶһڻĹ˳ǣ˵Ȼת䣬Բһ򵥵顣
ϾҪﵽڷկˣʱǷĹ˳һԱ֪
뵽˴Ҷ첻ڶ룬һ䣬Ȼͷתȥ
үȻǾ·ɣϿ쳷֮ء
˼Ҷ뿪׷׽ϣǺߵˣ񰤵һ
Ҷ첢δгû֣أһڴʵûйŪ飬ֻǵҪʱһºҶ֮ĹϵסѣûǾȻŪ׾ɣõҶԻУһ㣬ȴҲδԵ֡
ģ۾ָˣһǰһЩұˣǺ޲ý֮˺Ƭ
۾ϸǰȥôɿⶼһƬģҲֻСβ󣬽ŲᣬһСıٴε塣
ҶĴ죬ټ˶֮еĶɵ̫н˶ǽС΢ֱȻɹΪֹҲǲһ塣
ʱ֮˵ִӵϢƬ֣ʱǿ쵽ҹʱ֣еɫ֣й
һ£֮ڷڽҶ˷ԸһȻԼһƽ̹ڣ¡
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ҶС磬զˣ屻˵ĵѣƳһǱأŲ˯Ҷʵ
֪Ҷҡҡͷ漴ʵ뿪֮ʱûʲô쳣ɣ
ν쳣ָ޵ϮȻףһЦԿ
ҶЦŰһۣ磬˵Ľš
ԣɫʱȻҶСǲץסѱˣİ
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첻ˣζСأ˵գȻһֻЬ࣬ȻԼİš
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ҶС㡭ĻͻȻߣϵıҲ˲Цת˾塣
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ڿǰɣҶ첻Ϊ⣬ڶЦУпνǱ˲ʮˡ
Ǳ循۾ҶķȥȻؼһ֮£ͷ󺧡
˻ԥܣ֮ܳȴͻȻͣϵҲϢתֻı顣
쳣Ҷ쿴ͷȻһ岢ڿЦԼһʦǿ߶Ϊ֮
תͷȥҶ֮ͫУȻӳ˫ĵľۡ

Ϣ˵ԼĿɲۣҶ죬ҲԿƵķһС
μʶƮȻ˿ֱ֮⣬ͣ¡
磡˻֮ͣҶأԴԭص庰
屻ֱͬͣҶ캰֮󷽲ѹȻĳطһһߴ󺰵ֵǿֵǿ
ʵģҶղŵбѾ˾ѣ˿̾ڿڹľ֮Уֻ¶˫̾۵ڣ𾪲
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ӦһȻ󻺻ˣȻƽն߶ΣͷҶĻǻԥհġ
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Ҷ״ԸзģȻ۽ڵĵطȥһ֮£ͷȻ󾪡
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Ҷ첢δǽע˫ۣҹĻУֻ˫ͬյĹŵƣƮء
Ϊֻж֮룿ҶоɣΪǾƶ֮ʱȴ˿ûгַľһһ£ͬʱƶ
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Ҷ󳷵ͬʱǾȴ˲ʧ˹ֻɳɳͱ޴۵Ĺľ
еƱ缤ɢ¹⽥ٴ

ҶصĴһڴ¹⣬ĿǾ޴ν
һֻʮֵ֮ľ޴ޣֻϸ̣ղ˫ۣȴȫΪУ˶ͷ­֮ϣһ֮£ͷƤֱը
ǡҶо̾ΪֻǴϸʮ֣֮峤Ҫɣ
Ҷ쾪֮̾ʣĿŤž޴ɽȥûгֹҶ˵ļ󣬵ǹǿŤһЩж˺ϱֵ֮ľ۶ϡ
Ȼж֮ʱǷǲ֪ڻмûҶк£ȫ¶һ㼦Ƥ
ꡭ
Ť˿ͣɽȥǰУȴȻͷ֮ľ۶ϣɳʯߣ˵ġ
ѵǱڴˣжʱƣҶͷɸкȻ֮ǰϢĳҲֻһ˵ܹˡ
뵽Ҷ첻ΣվǱԼȻ޸о˵Цһô
Һ޹֮⡣Ҷһ
ҶС硭ͻȻҴ
ҶתͷȥֻһʯͷԼס֡
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ҿ˼ۣƺȷǾ۲ڴˣȻ󷽲СڵǾ̫ǱΧмˡ


126 
ʲôҶ쾪ǰ峤ңմ˿ܹΧٶˣǧ֮ˡ
ô찡ַ̿ǳȻǸ˿¶֡
ţֵسҶ˼Ƭ̣´
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ҲóҶűɨϵľ˼ۣʩ˵ϣҴ֮
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ոȥǾƺͻľвϵĴĦҲǳƬƬĶۣ㵹ڵأ¡¡졣
ȺᵽҶĸȻ󾡽һѰӻ䶢
ٵĿͬʱҶϣʹͷ΢΢һǺ£ǵԼľǷȷ
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Ҷɵʱɽ֮ȴͻȻ˾ŵȻֻţ֮죬ȴǴ͸ּ䣬ԶԶĻص
ָо˲ͷƤ顣
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Ҷüͷ壺̧У취Ū߱ǣ
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н£Ⱥͬ˰ŲҰ֮ӿȥһʱ䳡漫Ϊҡ
ŻæӴܵС࣬ǾûʲôٶǶҶ죬ƺĿ࿴һ㡣

⼫пܴ˲ĻĹޱӣҶ첻ɵһֻоֽűȫ亹乶
ͷܵˣֻǼѾ뵽˲Ұ֮УҶͷ԰̤ʩչμȥ

Ⱥ֮ͻȻ֮ʹҶͷһ֪Ȼ˴壬תͷȥȻֻ𴦵ĵȻݣӰ˲֮С

һ״ҶȻ٣ХξȻһӰ˲ƿʮɾԵȻһ̽һˡ

Ҷһ֮վޣΪҲֻȳһˣ༸˵֮˲䱻Χ˺ҧ֮£Ҿ徵ĺС
龰ҲԶ벽һɫֽްѪɫ
ǵǰĹްľǵΧ޾壬ֱִνء
ҶҶС磬ǡΡΡŶʵ
ҶĿ˼ִĻΪ֪Ҫ˵ʲôʣǲ·һˡ
磬ߣȥסҶȻ˫ۣһƾⱬ˳һ־ηɫ
ѵסʵ뿴Ҷ챻̡
вסҲҪУܷȻҰͿǵ컯ˣҶ컰˵̤꣬ʩչǾȥ
ҶС磡ҶС磡ںǽȴΪҶȥٶ̫죬Ϳ·
ٰҶȴӦ֮ǰҲǶһɺһţͷߺҶСΪȥˣүǵģҳ尡
һӳƬ֮㿴ңҿ㣬΢ɲ
״ŭգȵĻûģѵ𣿣
ԾԥǲºͺڷկѪƴǶضĹŵĴڣѾˣǾη
ص̾һ֪ȰãǿһԼҶ챼ȥ
ģƴˣŲʱȴͻȻĺЩ֮ĸԼŲһǷܲĳ彫
̫ҶǾͷȥͷĽȻһ˿ůȴΣȻģȴܰԼæԼ̤Ҳܹһʱ̣ǵʵֱͺûʲô
˵˺òг·̣ٴηصĻ֪Ҫжɥ֮С
ұ֮ߣҶԪͬװը죬ԶԶĵ˿ȥ
ֻҶ԰οһǺηǰ¶ɣΣ嶼ٷ
ҶҡͷֻĳطθնͬʱǾȴǼΪŤܵ˼вһ㣬״
ҶɻͷûδϸͻȻоʹһͨȻС
໺𣡣
ڸǴӼΪңԶ֮֮ʱ΢ҲȻ磬˲ϯ񷣬ҹĻֱֲָ
ǺȻ֮Ҷͷ󺧣Ϊأǧ֮⴫ģܹ˾޺ǰϵĴˡ


127 
˶һͣ˶֮ǰľ춯صľ޺Ȼѳ˾ηķ룬ָо޷ݡ
ǣ
оը죬ī˿һ˿̵磬ͬ˲ʧȥڰ֮С
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޺ͻأɢҲǺܿ죬ֻƬ֮󣬱ֻʣ಻ϵĻ֮䡣
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ٴ𣬵ɺڰ쳣Ϊֻڲ֮ɳɳǾѾ뿪֪ǰηˡ
Ȼ־޴𺳵УҲûڰǾϡ
ŹСʱȻһ磬ڰʱΪ֮һ
˱âһ΢׷̧ͷա
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ٴը죬֮ǰ׵磬ȴǲ֪ǿ˶ٱ˵ĸоֱڶһ㣬ͷһ
󣬶ǧ֮ⲻ֪Ȼӿֳһ޴ɫУеâ£ͬ콵һأмһ޴ޱȵȻǰ
໺𣡣
أ޺ٶ֮䣬þòɢ
޺Уĵҡޱȣ·ܵʲôһ㣬Ȼԭأɫ쳣
쳣ų˰ʱȻ֮еƱ㿪ʼѸɢǾ޴׵ҲǽСֹһʱ䣬ؼڻָƽ

·ڻعԼһ㣬ִصĺ˱˷е˶˲ڵأվ
ȻҶҲ⣬ֻüͷĿǸոշңԶ
öû˵ղѾ𺳵ǵ꣬˿̵ǣ֮һ߸֪
ʦ綨Ҳ֮ܳΪǿߣ
ڣ˵ˣ֮ЩмǸΡ
ҶƮȻأߣļ򣬵ǿߣӵ֮Ĵܣ
壬ҶĻ֮󻺻ͷסʮ꣬һֱоܴ󣬵ôĵطȴֻôʦ綨ѡһֱΪֻдﵽʿ綨ǿ֮ƣɽ쿴ǰǿ϶֮ϰ
ҶԲû𻰣Ÿղ׵ӿĵط֮гȷǳ
֪Ǵ˵е綨ǷܹﵽصҶãĳ
ˣ
ʱȺ֮ͻȻһ
Ҷ챻һʱѳѭȥֻһӰڲľּ峿֮Уż
˿֮һⶫ΢͸ӳϼͮ졣ɽ峿ʮ˵ӰȻò̫Զȴݡ
ӰٶȲܿ죬Сʲôһ㣬ȴҲԿͼʮԡ
죬񡭡񣿡ü̽ͷƺ̫ȷ
˵ʱ䣬ӰתһŲӱн
ҶĿϸֻ࣬Ŀ׺ݣɣֻǲ֪ΪΣ䱩ſ˫ۣ˿ȴȻ޹⡣
ѵȥڷկôҶЩɻǾ֮ʱͻȻʧȴַ˴мʱȥû֪
˼ղŵ뷨ǱҶ񶨣ڷկ˵䲻ԶҲҪĸʱԼ̤δܹˡȥͨ籨ţôӦٴλ
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Ӱһ٣ƺǣָֻ糣ٴŴ˵ضٶȴǼࡣ
˲ʮ֮ء
֪үǰȥҶʵ
ȥҲҪ㱨ôվԭزδǰ˵ʱӣ˿ɫ
ȻҪҹĵİΣԸҶҲٶʣһתѾеЦζ
ߣè޺ӼٴȱӾǰˡＤĪ̼һ㡣
Ǻǣүǵĺڷկǿ׳ôģСӱȻȨİȫҶ˵ڷկʱԼ֮̽⡣
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ǵҲǣүʵǿİΣȷʵòġҶЦתǰ߱˵үΪβʾˣĪƲֵô
ҶŲƶ֮ʱһεƱͬʱɢָоͺһֻƴԱʱ׼һ
ҶǰŲ΢Ųһ£ȴûж۾ƺڳ˼ʲôһ㡣
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Ҷ죬֮壬»ǽ˷˴ҪͻȻ̾һüͷƺЭ
Ҷһ˽⣬Լַʽ⡣һʦ綨Ƣֻ꣬˵ȷʵЩɡ
ү˰ɣҶͣ½Ųһټ˵Сͨҽүˣ˵Ҳҿ԰ơ
ҹټͻȻʧȻ֪ȥǱǾҲδزܡҶⷬȻǳģΪȷ񵽵Ϊ˵ԡ
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ĵĺȷ˴󲻵һ֮أǾٶȳ֣˽ٴһܵСľءң˵֮ʱҶУǳǾ֮޴ڣ˸մӾл⣬ʲôޣܲܶԿҲᣬϿҲܲסľն
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뿪ҶٴΰĿϣ˼ү˷˷Ϊգǻδڷڱ¹ʣ֮⣬緵ɡ
ҶҪڷկҲѾһ룬Ϊѱ䣬޿֮ˣڷկѵȥ֧һƵµôȻǷ񶨵ģΪڷկɵϣһżٵͼɼһߡ
Уƺ˲֪ǼΪΣ΢΢ҧ
ȻͬҶ뷨Ϊ֮ʱԼڴǰֵڱصã䡰СҶ족Ȱ涼ǣ»δڷկȻѱ䣬ֱӻȥҪЦԺߣҵĵλ¶ήͼ֡


128 еĴ˵
϶ҶҲδǿ磬˶ѹ˻ĴºڷկԾ󻼡
Ҷ˵뷨ǳ嶯ΪǺڷկȻܹһң˵֮ġȻӲҪҲް취˭ܱ֤Ҳٴ乴ᣬڷկĶȺ
뵽ҶЦһֻǽѣүؼǾòףǾ̣ڷڽ
Ҷղᣬ˿ûнԼҪڷկıֳ
δתֻǵӦ˵ͷ
Ǿ̣Ҷ첻ģʮֺ񵽵ôˡΪԼƵһ֮ƺͻȻˣԲһ
תȴü۽壬ƺг˼һ㡣
磡նүǣƥҶֱ񣬸
ҶƵֱӣδκλӦȴ΢΢׶֮ϣҲ΢΢鶯һ¡
лˡ˲ָƽҶ칰˹֣߹
üͷ΢壬ҶɻԽԽأղŵķӦǶŭֻȴһֲΪҶ֪ԭѹȥ
ʲôҶа룬ճ˵񲢲ӦöԼɵŶԣΪǿ̡
ѵǼɵҵҶ˼ȥ¿Ҳֻһܹ͡Ϊ֮ǰ˫ƾУٶ١ԴӾ֮غѱ֮ٲȻѾٶһ˵˲ҶôҲΪãٶһʵ˵ҲǺʤ㡣
ΪʲôҪǰڷءѵǻеƣ
Ҷ˼֮ʣǽƥǣ˹Ҷʰ񣬷Ҳ벻ôԲȥ룬Ƿں֣ԼҲýŲǡ
뵽Ҷ췭һֵ֣ǣڷڣ
Ҷ췢˷׷׿𣬴򶫷񱼶ȥ
˵Ķ˵಻࣬Ҳ㲻٣һ񱼣ҲܷǷǱֻּ¡¡ðɣߡ
ȻֶҲǾޣ˸е쳣ȴǣǲûжЩߡ˿Ȥͬķ׷򶫶Уƺ׷Ѱʲôܵʲôٻһ㡣
ʱҶ컹ڵ̫ᾪޣڼ֮ҶǰȻɻ󣬵ҲܱܵǵĹҪϰٱ
Ž̽Զһ·֮ҲԽԽ࣬вޣɽ߶УкܶҲδżδ米ͷǵޡʲô״¹ȴβԳԴһһͷһͷʲôƬ鲼ȫȴһͷޣֱ࣬ʤö
ҶС磬ⶼЩɶҶ죬ʵ
ټЩ޲޹ͼҲľתΪ˺棬˿һҶʵ
֪ޡҶҡҡͷɫҲΪɻ
Ҫȥİ߶ëĲ˭˭ҪҵĳΪ߶Ķ
ҲɻĵطǺҪʲôطһ㡣ҶĿ⼰Զңң˶
ȥɶطţȥʲôط˭ֻ֪вסˡ
ȥ޺𷢳ĵطҶɫЩأ޺ޱ䡣
ŶͷȴҲֻͣ˲䣬ٶȷʣ˵ǵضǲг׹ˣ
׹أĻҶΪ档
զˣ׹ûһɫ
Ҷ챻ӣΪΣЦ磬һûߴͽ̡
ǺǡһЦѰ˼һŸ԰ڵĻᣬǲװ
ɵЦʲôأҶһģɻʵ
ûû¡ֹ󷽲ſڣ׹ϱĴ˵˵ʱһӲӵģò磡
Ҷü⴫˵ȴûǰ˴ʱô˵ģ˿еݵľǺһҲϡ
ȻأػҶ׷ʣֻ֪ݲаˡ
Ȼ󣿡һȻɶ
ʲôг׹ذ׹ֻʲôҶƣͷԵģ
֪ûֻ˵ѡı龹ȻҶ컹Ҫƣίһ㡣
ˣҾͲ㡣Ҷ˰֣ΪΣ͸뵽ʲκνġ
ˣ֪Ϲ˵ôҶı飬͹Ц
ҶŰۿ塣
ȿȣҸϸϸ˵岻Ҷ죬ɤӣװĸ˵һ㡣
뽲Ҷ칰˹֣Ϊϡ
̽Ҷ죬ʾȻſڵϻ˵Ĺоʮأ֮ףݷ֮֮⻪ʮŽ٣죬Ϊ񡭡
أĭɵ˵ţҶǾúϲ£졣ȻòΪֻǴ˵ѣ񣬻߶ɽٵԽδɶۡ
磬ûһһ׵ģ˵ҶĿ¶ȣֵ׳ȻҲڲš
ٺ١屻ҶޣһЦȻϵȡˮ͹ڣĽ
ǾȫƬǽɫģģ˵ǧôСߴĶˣ岻֪Ȼʼ˵˴׻
ǺǡҶЦˣЦ¶˱Ŀ
Цµģһ࣬ҪС߸ײ׼һھ̵ý
СߣҶЦǾ֮ʱ嶼ŵɵˣ˵ҵɽһ㣬Ȼ֮ΪСߡ
СߣƲǳһȣһС̣岢δҶĵЦһĵǳٲܳҪҿ׵У¾ǳɽأ
еҶ첻סͷЦʵ磬ǳİ
ϹҪҼģɳȥ˵ƺͻȻӦ˹ָҶң
ҲңǿأҶ֣һģ
Уع⣬һǸ˵˵ɡδƺųʮֵĳݡ
úúã˵˯ᡣҶװһſϴģ
ڷկʧɫָǰ
ʲôҶȻ̧ͷɨȥ
״Цǰϡ
磬üıҶҲ̿Ĵָ


129 ڷ
һ·֮ϣЦֲϣг̼Ϊɣޣһ·ۡ
ҶЦĿģƵƵһģҲ֪˿Цôˡ
ת֮䣬Ǹϳʱ·̣µٶƽ̹ҶΪ˷ֹ֮Ĵڣ˴ԭصȺԼȥ̽̽ʵ
Űʱ֮Ҷ췽ŷɫɫɣǰǲ֮ڡ
ֵǣǰ壬ҷǰСҶס˸
ˣҶĻޣ񱼶ȥ
ģ˶Ĵ󵨵Ŀʼнȴǵ͵һȻ󷽲Ÿȥ
ǰԽԽãҶͱµȺͽ
·;ͨ⣬һ·޻
һʱɫѾҫ߸߹˲񱼣Хƺò
ڷڣָǰһɽ
ҶȻҲǿֻǰʮңһͺͺɽԼ˵ɽ壬罫֮ΪʯΪС
Ϊʯ֮ϼľƶ֮⣬Բ໹ͰС룬ȻЩСҲǹͺͺģԼɼһЩկӣ֮
կ࣬ȴĶ̮һưܾ
ΪΡҶЩɻ󣬲δ˼תջĿ⣬ٴοȥ
ջٹ壬ֻ̫ߣûƼԲܵüشҲֻд͹ƽ̨̹һ޴ֱͦͦһӭҡڣƺһ֣̫ԶĲǺУӦǡڡ֣ߡ硱ְɡ
¿ͷܶĿǺܶ࣬ͼɽ¶ǰӭսġ
ֵǣڷկҪˣһսһҶХмӻԪټϴ˵صƿԶԶĲʮ￪ӦҲ
ƽڷկͷźɫܣ˵ֻҪˣͲ¡µЩ֮֮
ƽڷկ庰ҲǷ׷׳ҡδ죬Ʋ
Ҷ״΢΢ͷǹһĨĻȣǹҪúڷկöԷ׽Ժڷկ֮࣬壬ֱӾͻ̱ӣǸʱɾͲùˡ
ģҶ˼ܣǵһ䣬һ·Ҳʮ䲻ֹ
פڿƣ˺ֹͣҶָʾ

ʼѸж֮гһ֮ƣҶһȣǰˡ
ҶӣԸȰڷկ
ŴԣҶɻתͷֻԼ࣬мȴһʮɵľ롣
üͷ΢壬ҶףҪȥͨ籨š
ү˾ٿ̫ΣգȥĻ²̫ʡҶ
ǺǣҶӺγԣ˷˴Ϊ룬ҲԾΪΣվ͹ǰԴǣ˵ĸһ
үѵ˺ڷկǰ㻹ǲŪЩ˰ɣôȻͱ㴰ֽҶҲûĺˣսڼǵѱʡ
ôҶŲңüתͷɫΪá
ǺǣװĻͦ񡣡ҶЦһĿڵŵùȥɣȥء
ԹһЦȻ񱼶ȥ
״ǰɻҶС磬ôȥˣ϶ȥڷկͨȥˣ
û£鷳ࡣҶĿңңȥ˿ǰŨڷկѾ
ü˼Ƭ֮Ҫ˵նƽ׷ߣϧˣ
˵ļ򵥡Ҷ첻ݸһһ˼ٲҲʦǿߣڳ֮ʵǿʲôնɱ˼ҡ
ٺ٣ҲǣҲǡ巴ӦڨڨͷΪʵ̫Ҷ죬ҶǿҲֻǾŶʿ綨ѡ
ãͺڷկӦϣǿɾΣˡԸвͨҶɸ˷ԭ
ܵͷֹжҶ˼֡ҶԣһڷկٴӶͻȻˣΨһܹп֮Ҷǰˣսذɡ
˼֮ʣӰʧ֮УſЦȴԶԶĻص˿

أԿЦͣеǳֻԼҶָƣһϺڷկҶ˵ϸϸ˵ǣսʤҶ
ʵҲǴͺڷկӦϵģαǾ綾˫ۣĿǰ֮ڵﶼֻǿɼʵǴۿۣƶҶʤˡȻҲҶƶһӦԭ
ҵҶ첢ûзƣȻŻɽʵϲһѡ
һǵĵϸһ˵ٺ٣ڷկǧɵƽǣ뵽Ц˼˫һţʹܵĸ˼֡
룬ԭҵǶ֮ѱΪ̰һֻҪڷկƺݵ㣬ôȺӦû᲻սʱֻʣҵˣڷկգʵĶԾҶôţҲǱذɡ
ǰˣӣ
֮ʣбȴͻȻɱʮһĿ׺ݣеӳλεĺòۡ
æסϸģģ֮䣬ؼԷΪ׵ӦͻƤĴ󺺡
һŭȻϻΪڣΪϴ˵ԭɽˣǵҲֻǸɽҰһɽ֮ʱΧҺһֻ޻ްΧһɽ澹ȻǿѧӴɱķռɽͷΪ˴»ҵΪ塣
˾ϻƤëǰ۾ʱȻһƱˣйͷ֮ޡ
ξѣɼҲֻ˼ȻǿЦҪկһ档
񣿡ǻƤֺ´ۣ߳ʵʲôˣ
Ǽ֡ҲȷʵΪͲʲôƲ磬ȴҧĽ֣Ť֡
ŶǻƤ󺺵˵ͷʣأƾʲô㣡
֤ڴˣֵĿԻȡһʵǰ
ȡȴһƵСӣƤַ˼£ֻͼ
ǰ߷ãƺļΪ񣬿֮ȴǹЦ
ֵЦЩɻ
ĺ島أǻƤһ˦ޣϳ
üһ˿ɱ⣬˲ʧֻһץǽı߬С


130 Ƶ
ֵΪ޹ˣãҲֻ΢¶
˼ֱ̽ץסԼޣҲ΢оȣһ¿Ԫġ
ȹ龪ȣǻƤȴΪԼ˵ľٶеʲôףŭһĵģ˵ףɱӽʬ
۽ǿһ£ô˺ʲô۹⣬ȻǺ
޶ֵۣЩסʰɻʵ
װ⣬أǱ֮УҺڷկȻʬΣƤ׺ݣʾ֮£ɽ˷׷׳
Ѿ㣬ѵǺڷկҪɱôЩ޿̣ﱻ˴ȴǿԼҪԼ
ɱڣǻƤмΪɶҪɱڣȥ磬첻µز£ɱ
ΪҵȴҪʡ
ĹۿҲƤ󺺴ӻͳ˸ղŵСӣڵ¡
һǻƤ󺺵ɫ֤м٣ѵǴҪԼ
뵽һ亹еܣܣҴûɱңֲ֮λܵģ
ʰСᣬϸȥһ֮Ȼ󾪣漴ɫ˲ͨգ֮䣬ƨһ㡣
˼ֻҵˣǱ֪񲻱
ģǻƤ󺺹Цָأ
뻳УϸһᣬٴͳһСᣬȻķһ飬͵С
ƤֽӹֻţǺڷկͼ
߰ɣ֮Ƥ󺺵ͷ˵
̾һ
ȵȣҪǰеʱǻƤȴٶȷһЦĶ񣬲֪Ϊ
Ρ£Щë񣬷˸ɫħĿ⡣
СӸңƤᣬ·Ӧ
һ׹ЩĴӻȡղǱƵСӣǰС
ǼǻƤͬ˱ĿЦȥ·ϣٴη
ȣ׻ģҪһѡƤһ߿һĸԱߵֵǽ⡣
ȺɽආŴԼæǰȥ׷ȿֺΧ
ѽȿСͼһආ˷ܵĸߺ
ǾþӴɽȻɽ°ӵʱ̣ÿһǿֿʮɽŴοֶأżץһŮӣǧ󺺣мպû
ǼСӲŻ˷ܣ֮Ϊ
ΪСݣȻŮϵĳһ·侳š
Ⱥ˽֮䱦Ҳǲ黹ˡ뵽Ƶаʮ˱ڡ
Сӿؽһֱţ±ǷϼۣȻԼοһ¡
ʵ񲢲ǮҪŮ˵Ļ¥ȺȺģȴ˼ȥΪ;ʵǺǿβ̫յʱ¶Լ֡
ֵܣ꣬ɷ黹ңʵЩᣬ̽Եʵ
СȻ㣬ʲôСˣǰﶿӣҿɵúϴɽ°棡ǻƤԲ̫ˣڷһ䣬Ȼ鼫Ϊרע
⣡ֵͼˣһආôԣʱߺģȻǱúˡ
磿Ŀ¶죬оǵһĺհж
뵽ϸǻƤ󺺿ȥⷭϸŷִͷë٣ֶ󣬴Ǳ㣬мյģ
Ǻǣԭ֮һ¾һȻӢ۷Ƿɷˡ˹˹֣
˵˵ǻƤ󺺸ȻרעСࡣ
ƨɣһ˿ŭȴֻεתΪΡľغͼҲǸŭԡԣǲŭҲԡ
ֵһᣬǺ޶֮⣬üͷ壬Ȼͷ˿Ҷ˵ʲô춯֮΢΢ģΪ˱һ䣺嵱ңǲǾطҪºʹ󵱼顣
ԣԣ¡Ĵǣһආʲôȥ磬󡣡
ʲôдԷҲ̫ԼˣȻֶǲסŭģӻᣬȻǺڷկ˺ޣ
һආ嵱ҺĴСջĿ⣬Ȼδ
׻ô󰡡Ǻտˮһ顣
мƳһۣаûŮ˻أȻԣ
ӵУȻźڷڷнջ˼ϣֻǺջأĥĥ䣬ںͼУ԰Ρ
·;ƽ̹еķɿ죬ķ֮һʱڷΰվѳǰδ࿴ĿͣɽµǶϡ
һİ˵Ķ飬Ŵ羡ԲͬƤٲݶƣҲǹģгͷиӡдбⵣֶ飬۾ͷ˰ء
ǰǴ׷ÿһ˲пĵͬС
߿үһȻһΪ㣬ҲܻԽڶӭ
ģڷկϻȥôһʼ˵ﻹΪˣѰ˼ôи˵ˣɵ˵֮вٴδŭ
ֻӿ֮һͷͻŻƤоܴܵ衣
ǡ̶֮ı裬ʵ᲻˿ĺøˣ֮д⣬˵ʱҲŅ̀۶̧ˡ
İɫȴ˹֣ǺһЦ·֣ڷկεģ˳Ʒйӡ
ŶȻŭδҲ
̸
ĵһݣ
ǸްϽĵ
ӣµආǿǲôˣֻǶİ֮׷ָֿһҪ˺ģ
üͷ壬˫ȭǽһȻ硣


131 գһ
״üͷ΢壬ԭҲ˲ôүﶯô
ǰߵʶܻ˶ȥֻһɽ׶񣬷׷ս죬һҪԼ̻ģ
ͽȻɢ˲ԼľأҰοɷ죬úǰ
ٺ٣ĵ˵Цˣ¸ղ뵽ҵĿɺ֮ŭĵĪǡֺ֣á
ǺǣүҲֻǺ㿪Цѣ㲻ҪǡйΪչթɫñȷ黹죬ֻһգۣٴ
üͷ壬ֻ˺һģʹЦ飬Ҳ˲Ĵ﷢
룬ȥ̫Եı֣ǹЦһĵҷȤĬܹͬıʵҡ
˵˵ү룡йӰ˰֣תǰ̽һƣֹʮǫѷ
ĵ룡
ǺǣͬУйۼڷȥ
йӵһٶ˲һļƤаԾѵСǸ
֮ǰ嵱ҺյĵԣжڷկȻһĪĶĸоǰйǱãеĶлת䣬ﻢǰںֱӾͰǽĺøиɾˡ
ʶĳֱۣһЦĵңɡ
ŶǷйӱܾһһ٣ǺһЦĪүҲ𣿡
Ҳң֡
ǺǣǾүԺඣйЩá
һȷ˷йӵĲȡ򣬰ùдʲôطһЩʲôɫģҲ̫˵ɣȻҪΪ飡֪Ҷǣ
ĵңʵǶ᲻ȤҲûҪɣֱӿھܾá
˵գŭȴֻСĿǰߣʱӭӶԷ׼Ϊ仰϶ǻﵽйˡ
ǺǣҲգЩƤ۵Ĺʵ벻үۡǷйӲδԤеĴԳЦЦȻٲ໰ɽկȥ
һ㵹Щ⣬⣬ȴǺõġ
뵽Ͻȥһ·֮ҲǶ෬һṧάǰߣͼһա
ڷΪʣֱ죬վɽ̧۸ͷ
˷ʯأ˸أկڴˣȻɾһ£һ·϶ֺùάǷйȴܰʵ޻˵ֻܽڷڵصƣſڿ
ŶйͣתͷȻһץһ͹ʯͷ
үˮйӽһѾɷĩʯмɢ
һﶮʲôˮֻղʵ޻ſڿӰˡ
֪һ˵ĻܲܵƨˣֻӲͷƤװ
Ǻǣǧǰ֮ͻʯɣǧߣԲﾡܲйӲδ׷ʣ˵ڷڵ
ûôôû£вţȴڨЦҾ˵˵رȻͬѰ
ǺǣԳƵϷǱѰǺôȴǲ޷ֺ쳣һô󵱼ʮֿաйüԶƺڻ˼Щʲô
Ŷд£˳ǰߵĻʵ
ҹһõӡйοЦת
һжʱһ£ղ۵ľٶٴθԺ
ҹѵկʲôԺеͼ˲䱻һֻȡҹ󣬶һоһƺ̫Ѱ
йӰ̾һδش
¶ˣĵĪ⡣ǰ߲޿ڵ˼ǸϽԿס
ˣǻȥ󵱼Ұɣ֮ЩȻ㡣˵գйٴŲɽ֮ϣԲȥ
ü˼ĻڷկѵǷʲôô
Ŀǰķйӣɫһ˿ײٴ뵽ٺ٣бãҾѡѡˡǺڷկҹܵʲôشҾ˳Ҷ죬һٰǵѡǱ˴֣ҾͣǵҶ죡
˵̴УǲԾĹһĨЦԺڷկĺν˿Ҷͣܳĸ˵һĵ顣
֮ʣǷйгԶڼվԭزδǰ֮üͷ΢壬үΪβߣ
Ŷĵˡ¸ղڹկɫԳ񡣡첽ϣһڽ͵
ǺǣϱڲԫҲ֮ܳΪɫû뵽үȻϲֲȱǷйָ洦ɼĵľկЦ
ԣɫ˲ϣͲƱ֮ˣ˵³ΪѾǿ秵װ˺óʱ䣬Сɲž֮⣬ȴʧˡ
Ǻǣ߰ɡģǷйӲδԣ·
г̾Լĵڷկĵң֪᲻ʲôõĺ
֮ǰвһ·֮ҲҶԣֻܸǰ첽СڴԼʱ֮˺ڷկ󵱼ҵǰ
˴ǺڷڵͰһ£ʵ˵ǵͰǺͺڷȶѣָ߶ȣ˴Ҳа֮ߣ㲻ð
磬үˡй±ߵӰ˹֣
ӰͷɫͶĿ⡣
󵱼ҡҡҡйӲ޽ܵͼд˵ݣ󵱼ҵʱվмǸߣԱӦþǶҺɡ
ٺ٣й֮Եϵܲ˿ס߹ȻǴ󵱼ң˿Ц
λҶܣׂT棬λܣ˳ѵ̫ꡣ˵߶һ٣Ц˵ܵмԵֽ֣񡣡
Ŷһˣ΢оȣֱߵǸ׳ӹ˹֡
ȴƣֻһ˫۱ȴ޻֮⡣
˫ɷͷ¾ׂT棬յüүգѵֱ̫ߵĶȴǿࡣ
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ӵֱǲһһ˿ײıЦǺǣث֣һ䲩ԶͰųԣĴ󵱼أޣҿƨ磡
󵱼Ҷˣ䲩ԶҴǣƣôл뿪ǰ˴ǰһ֮㣬ֽҶ죬֪󵱼ûУӹӣ˵ʱǺƽġ
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˳ҪվôһϮ֮أ


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Ǻǣ״аЦԼǰֳԼ⣬һǡһССġ
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ҹܣѵҲڷկһôTƺƤЦⲻЦĵһõĶء
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TĻüͷ΢壬˷йһۣ֮жʱɢ˲١˿̾ĳʯжĺڷկոԵ˲Ҳ΢ид


135 
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ǰҶһ֣ڷկ£ȥ
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үҶ˹֣ͬʱ縶ϸһֻߵĶ˳㣬һͺᣬֻжʮģ񡢾ֹЩһȻԴ󣬵ɢһŵϢָоʵ˶ֲ̫ġ
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԰գȻֱȡҶؿҪ
Ҷ챾ϣ״üëһһԾڿмת֮䵽˵֮ϡ

ҶθոأǹЮźХķβƲ
㳤̫ҿɲ㶯֡ҶϷŰЦ̤ʩչɵٴνǰ߹ܿ
ѽѽɷˣǺƢǳûƵҶ죬ιǱԷ׾ٵĶŭգһٴϡ

սеֻܲ͸磬ת֮ʾȻһ磬оХϯڵҰݶ
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ŵ㣬СҶ̤ӺյͷϷȻЦ
ϰѧԸͿΪȻʽ׺ȴԴ˶Ҷ̤ëһ
ģֱȥĺӴһշŭǳĹҶ׶ȥԼһ㱻תЩ̫ˡ
˵ˣ̫Ҳ򡣡ҶװҡͷתǺһЦҪôɣȥױŪúÿЩ㡣
ȥģһٴϡȴѧĴһЩԹΪǴ߶ԪͼסҶжΧ
ֻһʦԪƿرͲرǿ˷ִҪסҶ죬ǽԪɢʮֹ˵ȴҲࡣ
ɵñҶ⽫ԼɶסԪЦһ˷ɫһȻźյؿں
ģռ״һΪҶܣû뵽߾ȻҿʽƺһƵΪ
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ǣҶȴͻȻߣð׷ĺտջϲһ±˼ЦʵЩ²̨ˡ
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ѪԽĴ罦һҽУͷԾȻӲҵķѡ
Ҷ춼ǱŪסƬ̣벻ʱ侹ȻˣΪǾԲġ


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ʶ壬ֻ֮ѾָƽֻѾʧ٣ֻҺ͵֮ȴǶһϸĽ⣬·𽫶ӡ
ʲôҶ첻ԣڲûʲôоҲδ
˰죬ȻûеõͷҶҲٶ룬תҪ̽һԼڵʵѾʲôĵز

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ףҶ״ףʵȷʵ֮ǰǿһЩԶԶûдﵽʦֵزҲֻԪѣܹʦ綨ݵԪ
ѵƾ˿çڵͻôҶɻǰȥ
һ·ߣҶ춼һͷ˼״̬У֪䣬ȻһСԱߡ
úˮ죬Ҷջ˼첽СӶȥ
ˮ͸¹룬ӳˮ׹¹⣬ֻӵ׶ʯҲµĳĥȥǣһжԵôá
Ҷ츩ȥһˮ˵ϣЩȴʮˬ
ˮϵ䵽ˮ֮ϣСС֮Уһݵ֣ز
ôҶĴˮеĵӰѾ඼ûӹˡ
˲ңһҶҡͷˮ沨ЩģӰ
ûͻƵʦ綨ʹЩģȻⲻֻΪԼҲΪȺֵܣճȺɱһĻԶܴҶԺĨȥ֮ԻյĶ֣Ҷ콫ȫԼϣһ綨ǿߣƽڷկҪðѹֵܵôǿܹںճֵһ˲佫֮ɱЩֵܾͲ
ףһжΪ㲻ǿ󡣡ҶָˮеĵӰ
ӰȻ޻ĺȴٶȲ÷ƽ
ûãҶҧ뵽ӵķˣʱһֵ˶ɥ
ңҸô죿ܰʣµЩֵһٵĴҡôܲǵΣôܱҪˣҶһķʣȻĿˮпȥ
ˮ沨ƵƽһҲĵӰ˳
Ҷüͷ΢壬֪У·ԼЏC࣬ͬʱҲó˼֣ӡԼϻ⵹ӰϷѾ˼źͼ㡢ư͹ʵ¶ܹƵģͬӵ׵Ķʯһ㣬ǾϴȻ֡
ֻ²ûĥȥǣʹ֮
ǺǣСͦôҶ쵭Цˮ滮ȥȻˮ治ƽͬʱҲģ
ת뿪ղŵǾ仰·ںԼ۵Ĺȥһ𣬴ӽԺѾˡ
Ӧ˵Ѿ֪Լˡ
һҶתãѾپûͻƵʦ綨飬֮ǰҲֻǾŶʿѣúͺӿ⻹һ⣬Ӯ죬ΪȱҲԵŵùԼȺֵܡ


144 ѵ̫
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ҶվҹŻϢڼѾ˯Բδ亰ѡ
ҶСչΣ˿żβ㣬ոմӱ𴦻ǰȥ㣬ҪֵǸƸ
нչҶ쵭Цش֪ʵͻƵĽ
ҹľ仯ҶѾپûܼʱͻƵʦ綨һ£ᵽ˴ûʲôʧɥı֡
нչͺáЦŵͷȻָָеķʴӣһᣬ쿴Գգɲ˶ܳĵģ
Ǹͺһĳһ㡣
Ҷ״ڨЦǴһӣüۣһҲóʳģˡ
УҶСĪҪòȡˣֻܵſҴ־ͺˡҶ첻ţ˵ҲٶԣתŴǫ̃ȥ׼֡
ҶȥһϸۿһЦȻˮջ
Ƭ֮ˮڣϣǽ˷˶棬ЯʳȻΪ򵥣ֻǱҪΰ֮࣬ȴӻͳһЩֲҶУҲ֪ʲô
ζڶһζƮɢ
ҶĿĿ壬Ϊζȷʵ˸в󶯡
զЦʡ
磬û㻹Ȿ£ҶĴָԿޡ
ĵİҪʳķḻԼľƲԼҶޣӵ⣬Ц
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һӳƬ̣ЩȵĵΪɶ̰ˣǺˣ
Ǻǣﻰ˵ǡҶЦҡͷǾĳգȥ̫ϧ絽ա
ʵ׵ʦʦǣ裬һܲסһܣűϳʦţȻŵһġЦԼġ⡱¡
Ҷû뵽廹ǳӳҾȻǹĵӣѹζ
ֵǣǱߴ֮Ѿ׷죬ǴټһֵܳԷ
Է˿̣æĲУ˶٣ֻٴοæ˳۵ͷ󺹡
磬ûϱĺӾһƽպȽҪõ˿Ц
ȥȥȥһȥЦŰ֡
磬ҳˣٴ˵Ⱥȥ̽̽·Ҷ꣬
ҺһȥҰ˼ڷʳȻ֮ͬС
ãȥȥءҶʾȳԷ
˼䣬ʵֲҶ֮󷽲Ժ
Ҷ䵭ЦȻתȥһ·߲죬źڷڷȥ
չɢѾ峿¶ɾҶԽԽԶǺڷڵģѾԼС
֮ǰĸ죬˿̿ȥǺڷȻĿȫǡֻɽвȱжϽأ˵ɽб䣬ѹԱߵĵͰɽ֮ϡ
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ӻȥءҶУԺ˼ܹǰĵط
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ৡ
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ΪֻҪӳ֣֮ȻչһԾԾĽȻһ˱жգǻкӣǱӻУҶ˵һõĽкȻö˵ӻɱôֵطҶһ벻ֵ꣬Һӻɱ֮ҲûȥѰЩصĻǵ鷳ˡ
Ĳԣ˵Ѿ˵ԽԽˣĲǿ߶һֲ¶ĸо
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Ҳ㶯֣ϣܸҺӵڣСӸмҶѵ̫깰˹֣
ȻȥնɱЩֵˡѵ̫ƽ˵룬ڷկһú޵˭


145 
˾ܵĴԲɿأôǾͻԶŭӵ޵Ŀ֮ϡѵ̫ˣˡ
ڷկĸԭ֮ѣ޷̵ֻܰð˺ڷկҶϡ
ֻͬҶһˣɺȴǴҪն֮ˡ
˵ҪЩ޹ֵ֣ܶҶʧɫ⽫ֵڴ֮⣬ȴû뵽ȻһˮȵĵزΪԼ뿪Ѱǣٵľһҵɱ
޹ǼȻ˴û޹һ˵ѵ̫ȻȥЩ˵鷳ҲЩ˾Ͳ
Ҷûд𻰣Ŀѵ̫һۣȻ߶ԪҪطӪ֮ء
ߣûôףѵ̫ȻҲƣһۻԪɢסҶɡ
Ҷ캷Ȼͷѵִ̫ⵢؾȵʱ䣬ôû취ֻ֮ܽɱˡ
ǺǣΪɱ˺Ǹһɱôѵ̫겻мЦȻҶɱһеȣȴʹ֮־塣仰˵УҶ컹ûﵽܹԼĵز
˵һ飬ٲÿݹˡҶӱѵ̫궯ֻΪԷһҳ֮ġ
ܷѵ̫һ˦䣬ͷ­һɫ

ҶҲԥХһ֮ʣӰͬװӶеâӦ
ǡ
ױ֮Ƶѵ̫֮ͫеӳһĨù⻪ǰƵɫ
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״Ҷ찵Դ߶ԪϽһͼǰסҪ
ǺǣСѵ̫ЦһӣٴγͬһǶҶ
飡
һ죬һȻڰԪ֮ϣֻǰͼҲȻû𣬹âȴ˼֡
ҲڴʱҶѾѵ̫ǰһɲȻеǿԪܿԽڶγ
䣡
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ಡ
ӭһͬʱȴѾХգۼǹâİԪܡ
Ҷüһδ߳ԪԪܣǰɫ׺
ըͽȻ𣬵һбѾ˰ԪܵķŵڶЯĹƣֱȡҶͷ­
ѵ̫Ƿһ˿ЦҶȻûжܿܡ
ֻЦⲢûܱ̫ãһ̱ѾתΪ˾㵡ΪĿ⵱УҶξȻһּΪŵĳ̶ȶŤжȻһ˲ָãӡơ
ָͬ߰ؿ̽ѵ̫ɫ䣬ӡҶеհжɥڴˡ

һѵ̫³ֱƶϣ˫Ʋ֮ʣһĻ˲ֳǰ
顭
ͬʱҶӡѾǹĻ֮ϣÿһεӡ仯ڹĻϼһ㲨
ҶӡٶȲ죬֮ΪҲΪΪӡδ꣬ѵ̫ȻĻǰƣҶѹȥ
úãҶͻȻХһָֻȻ٣ȻﵽһԿٶȣԭǸոӡգʱ䲻ӡȻɡ
ѵ̫һ֪ԼмƣǷӦѾˣΪҶ챡΢ǸơȻڡ
飡
Ȼ𣬹ĻͽȻ飬֮ĻҶ˸ɫİơ
ѵ̫ʧɫҽһ㣬ӰƮˡٶȲȴ첻Ҷ졣
ֻҶǹһĨЦ̤֮ʩչسɴ磬ʮɾ벻գۼο˱ĺܽ
̤ͻΪʺ׷ѣ˷Ҷʩչѵ̫껹ܶ㣬ǰһᣬۼԪӿһƬɫ⻪ӭŰƺȥ
䣡
죬⽻һڶ˵ıըһɼΪǿȥԶΪģﵽɷԲĳ
죬ͻȻӰͬķȥһƳ
˵ǵȻǻ౻ԷɵҶѵ̫ꡣ
ҶβɿƣڿзԽʮɾ֮󷽲䵽棬оһգȻԨ׹롣
Ҷаһã̫ǿԪķ壬̤֮޷ʩչȻȻͲ̤ص棬ֻԨײ׹ȥԨ¾ǹҽ˵Ԫ֣ԪҲһʱ̡
ѵҾȻҶвޣ֪ղŵĶԻԼԲ·磬û뵽Ȼ̫ҽԨ֮С
УһܾôϡͿҶҧأԨڿȥ
ԨǴѷγɣԲƽԨ֮϶͹֮ʯ̽ǰбҶ׹֮ײߡ
Ҷһҧ׼˼ٽһʯȻȫ͵ץȥ
ǲ
׹̫֮󣬶ʯȴֲȹ̣һץ֮¾Ȼ۶ϣҶǼµ׹ȥ
ǲǲǲ
ʯѵϴЩʯҽ˿رɴ࣬ԳҶˣҶ׹ٶȴһϣû
ֻҪڼһʱ̾ͺãҶо֮ǰܵѵ̫ɵ֮ѾԺת˿˿Ԫ»ָ񶯵Ƶʡ
ǲ
һʯץ飬ιҶȴڴ˷ϣû䣬ѳ˵֮ϡ
ҶͻȻְѵ̫һ˿ƣԨ̽ģӦȷҶǷѾ׹Ԩ
ҶĿƵ֮ϣֻ˿סѹƣȴɷǳԡ
ղѵ̫вִ٣һΪӡƹֱ۾ͷˡҶкڵ
㾹ûѵ̫Ŀ¶ȣû뵽ҶԼԵԪ֮׹ԨȻƽط
˼ʧˡҶشʾмʵǻŶʿղһò׹ԨҲһУҶӵܶѾ˿κһʦοѵ̫껹ֻһʦѡ
ԣѵ̫кâһɱʢ֮ʣȴǻûһѾ޴Уֵȴʮ־޴ɫʽƣҫ֮
Сӣһѵؿɽʽѣ̫ʹѹ׵ľѵؿɽʽǻƽ׾Ʒѧ֮
Ҷ״Ҵ⣬Ų΢ƽһ˸âİͼתǰ


146 ӡܣ
ѵؿɽʽ
ѵ̫һǵ޴Ȼնǿ֮·˻·˺һ㡣
Ҷ̧Ŀֻеܹͬɽһ㣬ռ䶼Ϊ֮ŤƵ֮ھģ
üͷһ壬Ҷ㣬ӰȻˣգۼʮɾ롣
ո뿪ͬʱնڵأ͵һ֮䣬һĿĵѺӿ
ֶΣҶ̾һȷʵѵ֮ơ
δ䣬ڶȻնҶˣתݣʱ

мܾ磬ϵɳʯڿ֮һ׷׻Ϊ촷ۡ
ӰԾҶڿмŲٴܿвܻĿ꣬ɨԶԶĻ˺ڷ֮ϣһ죬Ӳɽʯһӡ
СӿɸҽһУѵ̫Ҷ㣬ǳ༤
Ҷ첢δشѵؿɽʽȷʵ׺ԪӦҲǼΪ޴ģһϣ׼ʱг֡
İԱӡأʹѵ̫꿴ҶͼдƣΪҶ룬ѵؿɽʽȷʵΪԪڵֻܻʮжѡ
âİԽתԽ죬ҴСҲԵĸı䣬һʼƴСȻͬĥһ㡣
ԱӡҶоԴϰô֮ԵҲֻùһΣǶս͵ʱ򣬲Ǵһֱ֮ӷδ
ŰͼԽԽ󣬶ԪҲԽԽѸͣоǺԣǵڣҶѾܹĸоڵԪȻͬˮһ㣬ӿ֮С
ϲˣԪľԱӡпܲƣҶüͷ壬š
Ҷģѵ̫깥ƸͣмҶ㿪ͬʱȻײڵɽ֮ϣ´Ŀĵĺӡ
ģƣѵ̫аһ֪Ҷ˿ԪģҶٳٲΪھơ
ĿɭĿһȻ෽Բľ޴ͼѵ̫ǿһ£һȴҪܹԱӡǵؽһƷѧ֪¾Ȼۼƣ䳹״֮ǰɱӣ
뵽ѵ̫һ֮ʣŵ޴ƾնݺն죬סҶ֮ܶ·
ҶһȹƱ𵱳̩ӥսɸΪˣȻֻһʦѧ̶ȴҪ֮߳ͬࡣ
ˣֻжһˣҶһᣬ֮һɹӿӿԪһͬ㼯ڰԱӡ֮ϡ
˴İǰԱӡ˲׳˼֣ͬʱâ貣һֻڰе̫

ŵȻնͬʱѵ̫һٴλóһѾ޴е棬ӰԾֱȡеҶ졣
΢Ҷڴս֮ʱɵϰߣָоͷ·ʹ춷Ҳ°ͷ­
һ̣ԱӡȻƳƾȻͬҫ׹䣬ЯƥķδأĵȻӲѹȳһ޴İͼ
飡
ӶľǾŵײԱӡ֮Ȼͬľ׷׶ۣɢ֮С

ѵ̫꾪һոճξȻӲѹ̧ͷƥľ޴ԣֵģصľ
飡
ǼնǱնɱҶãѾ鲻ѣֵֻˡ
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ͼҶͷȻһ˿ߣϸ˼Ƭ̣ǱɫСϵļء
йȷļأԱӡɰƺӡݱɣҪԶ߶ʩչͬʱҲ߱ߵʺܡҲ˵ԱӡӡȻҲͿƣȴҪﵽһĳ̶ȡ
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ѾҶ촽ƺЩ
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ٴ֮ͬʱĳƷ֮ߣһɼΪǿֱӿϣڰյҶ춼ǹɼĵ˳ȥ

߷Хֱʮ֮Ҷ췽סΣȻʩչ̤档
ĿϸֻǱӡǻƳգ˿
Ҷ쾪ĿԼƣмΪ˷֮ܵ£ӶȻ޷ӳ죡
ʵ֪Աӡ֮ΪİȻĹ룬ֻûü̽ѡ

ͻȻҶо֮Щ左֫Щ΢΢ķҶЩľæʶ̽飬һ֮£ֻҹâĹصı֡
ѵһĹᵼôҶͷɻһζʱҲһգ֮˻Ե״̬Բδܹ
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ĻһΪΣҶƵֹ
ʵңȴڵ֮ϵһԴȵĵǻᵼµƣۣƣԭ
˰죬Ҷ֮ͨͨ΢ʧоΪҲ˵ղǰ޴ӡʹãһҪƣھƵʱܱܿץɳ֮ģһĹ࣬ȴûܳ׻ɱˣôɾһ׸ľˡ
ĸ˵ܹһʮöǵǸزǲǾͲõˡҶһᣬҡҡͷеˣȥ룬ܴﵽƱӡĳ̶Ȼ̫̰ġ


147 T
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ҩ֧֣˿ҶѾָңһᷢʲô״ְհȫ
Ҷӣû뵽ز¶T˵꣬˻֮доһ·ҶĿͣЩΪ˴ʱĿҶʩչԱӡɱѵ̫ľһĻ
˵۾мҲδֵܹôа⣬ֱ˿̲ų֪ҶĿֻ֮ʵ̣һ˵ʤԼˡ
λһôҶӦʱ֣߲ơ
ҶˡTЦŰ֣ѾҶǰ
ǺǡҶЦûӻ
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ҶӲػɣǾ޼Ӻ֮⡣T濴Ҷ˼˹֣֮Ҫ㣬촦α򡣡
ţҶüԣȻTԼʵ飬ҶԲԸ·硣
ǺǣҶЩ͹ˡTԾЦĿҶ죬֪̤Ϊ㲻ãĵѧͨҺүѹ㣬ĵܴ㻹аȻĿô
Ҷ˷йһֻۣ죬ƺܿԼĿ⣬֮ӡ
ûпԹ֪ҶջĿ⣬ɲ¶ӡ
T̾ҡͷȻйӡ
֪ҶŰɣ÷й֡
йӻ⣬һ㣬ƮȻҶ࣬Ȼ䵭һЦԾǰԨС
Ҷüͷһ壬Ϊѧɡ
⡭״æǰɵĿT档T浭Цҡͷʾþš
һӰԨ֮ƮȻ֮ҳδմȾ̬ɣ˿ɫ
Ǻǣ֮ҶӶв㣬׳ˡйص棬Ҷǫ
ãҶҲףԻôչ¶ʵ壬ΪԼ֣붯ҪۣǴ˷ضǲ븶ۣƵ͹ǣνĴ۹ƾͲøˡ
ǺǣҶӺαؾǧ֮⣬˷ǰҪ̣³ԹġTԶһȰɫ
к˵һ£ûʱ˷ѡҶ䣬ȥȻЩʧҲ֮١
ҶӺżǵЩֵܱôTһеġ
˵˵ϻǵΪ£ҶЩͣȷʵڵ˵İΣһֻȥǾһΣգһֻȥпܾͶһɥ
ΪĵġT沢ֱ˵˹ӡ
ҪɱôҶҲرܻ䣬TѾǣװȥҲ壬˾ȻҲڴ⣬Ҷе⡣
T˵ͷδ𻰡
ȻǴ˷ǰΪ˽˷ôǰһԴǵĵ
Ǻǣүһ˷ˣǲ֪ƴɱ֮ʣȴЩʲôҶЦмʵ
Σ˷һȷʵδ˵˳ӦǺͺɱҶ顣
ʵү踺أ׵ļֵԶҶӶࡣTٴοڡ
Ŷǹףô˵ҲԺڷկ˺ܴĹأҶۿT棬ƵǱѣȹҪɶ񣬹״úأ
ǺǣҶӲسѿ֮֮ô˵ȻоݵġT沢ûΪҶķ̶෴ģЦ⾹Ȼº
ֱҶ켫ΪʱС׳ֱϵƭꡣ
룬ڷկųգˣȴʣˣǶ˭أTЦŷʡ
ǡҶ첻мڻش
󵱼Һӣ£ĵҷйӣ֮г˺֮⣬ںδأTʵ
˵ЩϻǵǺͼҶ޿̣ЩǲǱʱġ
ҶĪҪŭ֮˵ү׺ܴΪҺͷйյϰһ鵽ǽ˷У⣬ѵǹôTԴ˵ͷͷǵ
Ҷģֱߡ
ҶӣӾ￪⣬ʱܵפڣʱʲôֵҶȥT沢δǸ˵
òģҶͷҲأǰС
ʵǣƾʲôסȺֵܣ
ԣҶһ٣Ϊȷʵûֵȫ
ѵ㻹һĻôѵ˺ôȺ֮дɱ¾ģTתһҶĽڡ
һҶ컺תҿ԰ɱӣҪӦһ
ôԣǿ˂TһۣдɫȻĸ㶨Ҷ졣תͷҶ죬бĵΪ˭
Ҷ뽲Tһơ
޷ǾҪҳ󣬲ҺͺӽֵʱҪȫֵȫҶĿɨT棬֤Ƿȷ
ܺãһҶӴɷġTȻӦʣԴΪҶ̸Уû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ⵹ʡȥ¡
߰ɣȻȥҶͷȥ
˼ԶһۣϲɫȻȥ
ɫ˷ܣаֹ
죬żȻѵ̫£ǱҪǰ̽Ҫ֪ϢͱҪӿڸ֪ǲ뵽Ҷ죬ҶĺӣȻٳƷʱգºӲ˵飿
ȻһʵʵҪɱӲ£ǽƷȴ̫ܣοˣ˭ܣҶ쵱ȷ棬Ͳˡ֮£ѡɱ֮˱Ҷɡ


148 ͻ
˴Э飬Ǳɿפڣһ·ȴԸҪȥӪȵĲֻҵˣȺͽ
ҶĽߴ֮£ҲֻЭΪرһ¶ջʵ̫ˡ
Լһʱ䣬˱нƬֱԵô˴ѾԼֵ
Ҷüͷ壬ûɵĿһ£һֲԤͷ
죡Ҷͷߴ٣ʵǵٶѾˡ
˶һۣȨֿ֮˼֡
֮УеΪҶйӾչTҲЩ£ټؼԽ˺ͷ
ģΪһЩ˷ǱӸ·ӵرҲŪ飡֣أ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻĶ˰ΣŴԸͷãǱͷǳ䡣
Ǹһͷ֮ʣؿȻһ˿֮Уָоɰ㾾ģȴ̰ͬģ֮ʮʹ
ʹ֮£ҶƲסĵͺٶҲ̼
˼״һ㶣׷ɻĿҶ졣
ҶӣT̽ʵ
Ҷ˰֣ʾԼްҼǰУĪʱ䡣
Tͷ֮һ˿ײĺȻ󷽲ŲǰС
йӺϽϣ˽T棬ƺѰ
ǲǸղźѵ̫еʱˣͷƳһ۶ڵؿڵҶ죬ʵ
Tûд𻰣йȴҡҡͷᣬ֮ǰ·ʹѧʱ̣ڴˣӦڲűֳ
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T΢΢ü΢˼Ƭ̣Ȼȴûлش⣬Ƿһ䣺үΣ
˻Ǳģ֮񲢲ܰʲôæˣٴλҶһۣȻڵأʮʹࡣ
T濴˿¶ɱȻҿٹˣǾ͡
ڲһ찲һɱơ
⣡ͷҶ첻ܶʲôãôûɵõѡ

˵䣬ҶǱȴͻȻһХԽƺʮʹࡣ
֣״Щٵȣ˿к޲̾ǰɽ֮أΪһûüֵ˷ʱܲ㡣
ѵǡTйâ˸ҡͷ
ʲôüʵ
үٿƬ̡Tûлش𣬷۲졣
ʲôÿģаһϱȴ仯ӼҶ쿴ȥ
˿̵ҶȻһϸ΢ı仯ֻȫһ㼫Ϊ΢ĵâϸǲ̫׿
⼸˳񲻺֮⣬TͷйǺεȻܹҶ
ְ֣ɣҿûҪٵˣ񿴲ԲûʲôҲͲסӵԭ
Tʲô˼˶ү۾м
˵Tһ٣ϸĿҶۣȻżڣүǵͻʦ綨ʱȵĸоô
һͷʵЩһͷˮӦƬ̣ɻǵãʱһţ˵ʹ̡ʲô
أʲô֢״T沢δش𣬷ʡ
Ƥȫ֮ԪҪֹȻɻ󣬲ǻشں͂Tദ⼸ٲȻѾѶԷ˾ʦ֮
ǾͶˣTһ֣ƵõĴ𰸡
ֱӣʲôˣӴֱ̽ʲô֮£Щá
үĪżղȷҶT湰ֵ
ԲøаɴоףˣȷҶͻʱ֢״вɣ
дϣ΢΢Ȼʰ飬ƽʵǺ
ղŶү˵Լͻʱ֢״ֵܶ˼ͬȻвһȴҲǴͬС죬ҹҶΣҲϾҪͻˡTڰѹꡣ
ʲôȻһҶ֣һ֮ǰһ˵ֶУǸʱҶ컹ֻһĶ߽綨
һ֮ڴͻƵʦһʲô
ܰɡǲǿˣЩţ֪УߵʦǴ糤ٶꡣ
ѱΪǧ겻ţıҶָγƺ
ЩУţ಻׼ȷݣ̬Ҳǿպϡ
ûͻơTʮֿ϶
һǰ߽綨أ̲ģ㵵ʵ
һǰ
ϢȻTҲǲɾ
үĪҪЦͲܡ󣬂T˲ƽҪô;˵ҪôҶһֱʵһͻƵʦܡ
ĿʲôЦڿЦɣЩץłTļϸͻƣ
ٿͻɡTƵץԼͷĴ֣
⡭⡭δ⣬˫ּ꣬ǳ
үιˣйڲ廰ǿ񾪺ǵ飬֪ʡ
һﵽʦأأҿгİԥ˵еĻԭ򣬴˿ֱȹϵϣͻĴŪЩš
йӼ״мЦүΪ£ʮֺð졣
ɱ˱ǡTӹƽ
ԶԶԣͽȻͬץһˣЦɱ˱ǣɱͻƣ޵ֵ֮
أɱ˭ͺƴƣô֮
ŲłTĻ֮ٶͣ˼ã߻غߣҧҪرһССҶô
үӢT浭Ц֡
ƤЦⲻЦĻȴǰĂT棬Ϊر㼸գȻˡ
ʵļɺ޲ԭ򣬂T֮ǰǾ仰ڸ񣺡ɱҶ죬ҺͷйǾͺӲƴڻҵģʱѰǾԼƷӡ
ȻTΪȻΪҶ죬ΪҶǱϵʹҶԺǿһĳ̶ȣĳҲֻҶѡˣƷӿɾһöؼģԴðˡ


149 ӣһ

˸˼ǱҶȻеͻƵͷֻ쳤Хֱʣаҷɣ߳Ұ޾롣
ʱôйЩȣɺҶûлҶдд衣

ͻȻҶһɼΪǿͬ쫷ϯգۼ㽫֮ڵвľ𣬷ҡֱ졣
ˡT浭ЦͷˣҶͻƿ˵Ѿ֣Ϊʦǿ֮ҶٶϺӵĻ̵İҲЩ
ɢȥյľ֮£޴ͬʱ̳
һӰɳ߳ݣ˫֮еĹâȴ쳣Ϭ񣬲˵ǸոͻƵʦ綨Ҷ졣
ϲҶӡTȵЦڣ买ֵ
Ҷ첢δһ֪TֻǱ£ԼԽǿһϺǵĺôҲԽ󡣶ͻʵڡɡֵ˼ִ˵ʱ䡣
߰ɡҶ߶һ仰Ǵߴ١
һ֮ǰǾôǳɵˡһ·ȻѾ֪Ҷﵽ˾Ŷʿ綨ʦֻһ֮ңʿϾʿ˵Ŷʿһʿ̫𣬿£Ҷ쾹Ȼе̤ʦǿߵУҴɢƣȻԼһףʵѾԼ֮ˡ
ү߰ɡT
ߡߡЩʧǵĸоֹ䣬ȻľȻϡ
һ·޻ֻͷǰУոͻƵҶҲδֳʲô˷ɫΪһͻĺܲʱ򣬺пΪʱȺֵܾͱɱ˸ɾѴﵽŶʿڣȻ½˿çڵδܹɹͻƣȷͻһ£Ҳ⼸֮ˡ
̤ʩչԪ֧䣬ٶȱ֮ǰǿּ࣬侰ѸٺˣȻЩģ
ѾԶԶ˦󣬵Ҷ첢ûٳԴߴ٣ΪףǾͲĲԼֳɹͻƣǸᱧһ̵֮ģܷˣȫƾһ֮
ˣҶȻٶ£һ̤ʮ֮Զ֮ǰ˰뱶ҡ
Ȼ˼УҶȴδоľң֮ǰѵ̫භʱ̫Ȼҩָ㣬£ڵϢʮֳԣͻƵĹ͡
ֵǣұţһϣ
Լһʱ䣬ԶѾʮԣ֯˷
ããҶͷͻȻֹ뷨֮ԲãΪӹȻѾѰǵڣãȻҲǸյδʲô̫ҵ
ӣҶһͼ֪ԼϾ͵ŭ
Ҷ죿΢оȵתͷ𴦿ȥʵڿҶ챻ѵ̫Ԩ֮󷽲ˣҲڲŵ
ѵѵ̫ѾУоɣҶѾԨҼԨ֮ҲԲӦѵ̫Ķ֡

һ󾢷ιͬƾնְ㣬ҶȻںӶ֮ء
ҶС磡Ҿ֪϶û£״Ϊϲ֮˵Ϊ֮ǰ˵Ҷ
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˼״Ŀ¶˷ܵĶҶ죬ָʾ
ʱ֮ǰŷҶ죬˵ȶǶҶ˼ΪŨصҶĳ֣˵νǾ٣ǵоȻоֻҪҶڣһӭж⣬ٶΣҲǻΪġ
ֵû°ɣҶ쵭ЦڣЦ˸е
ѾֵܱϹˣ屯ָ֮ӣ
ҶüһȻתӡ
ǺǣС²ϣһһϹûӲΪ⣬Ц
磬ʬںδҶ첢δתڡ
⣡ֵƴģ˵ղȺ¶ʬ塣
ҶĿȥһ֮ͫȻֻʬ㶼ֳһֱɾѪ״̬Ƥ£Ƹʬ
Ȼֻһбʬ֫ŤɺüΣۿͷѣؿݣ䱻˺
ӣҶȻХѾ˵ŭ֮£ֵֻܺ
֮ŭֻΪߵĲ״иҪһΪЩ״ǲֱģ˵ǰܵ˲Ҿ徵ĥӴ˵ȶ񶾣Ҷܲŭ
Ǻӣ֪кιɣԲΪ⣬֮де٩ζ
θɣҶŭЦЦʮֱһһٵ
䣬ӰѾȻӳâƷǷ
üͷ΢壬֮ǰͼҶʩչƺ̤ǽڼʱǰѣʱ޴˵ƺٶȣٶʹؾ֮
龪ӿɲһָֻһξ˲һΪΪġķΪˣϱ壬оŵӰӰ裬ҵӰԾʵʣͷֲ嵽ĸ档
Ҷ칥΢ͣȴֻƬ̣ĿƮ󷽵Ӱһ䣬й֮ơ
Ӽ״ЦȻóŵӰ䱾ûԳ˹֮ҶȻĿꡣ
ȻҶӰȻǵӰϾҪȥ
Ҷ㻹̫ۣӰЦʩչӰѧΪӰֹЩӰȻ幥ǱȴתҶһбضתĿ꣬ǸʱԼȻתƣض֪Ĺһ
е⣬ӱֻҶ֣ٿ֮ʱȴȻ󾪣ΪҶ첻ˡ
һ¿̣ߺȻַɫֱӡԼš
һжڵʯ֮䣬Ӵʧɫ֮ȻתƱ壬ֻܻӲӡ
УӵɶȥִٷȻ·硣
ӱϾǺӣڷկ󵱼ʮɲڵɵжס֮ԶʱɹӰ䵽ұߵһӰС
䣡
ںӸո߱ʱҶȻϣһǵɵĻӰȥըУǻӰһźɢ
ٵġ˿ҶҲЩȣ֮ǰȻŭδңµֻǹʲ󣬱嶨ȻԭװַӰȻźӷ̤֮ͻ˲һȻһеأΪ˾սҶٴθϣȴû뵽ڱɵ;УǺӾȻת塣
գٴд󣬲Ȼضɥ֣
Ҷ쾪ӱ˿̻¾亹ղոսӴӰֹʱôսȻ


150 ӣ
˫һ֮ԸоȣǷ׷վԭأסεȴʱ
ҶССİ⹦й죡״ѣ֮ǰǼֵܱĪĹӰֹ֮¡
Ҷ֣صͷӿڼӰ֮תһҶ켫Ϊͷۡ
СӣڵҪɱң»򡣡ӼҶأһơ֮˵ǡ򡱶ǡԶءΪǰһ˵п϶֮⣬Ǳʶֻ֮顣
Ȼ˵ȻΪԱۣΪ仰̵档
˫ûôգӿҶ죬һ£˵ҵ飬һ׾٣ʱڷկɱķĪ˵Զ򣬾ҲȻǵУ
˵꣬Щ˷ܣֱҶȴ𸴡Ҷ첻мһЦδ𻰡
״΢вãСϷ㣬㾹˲ʶ̧٣
ʵӸղŵǷҲַģΪһҶĿԣҶ쵱ǰʵȻܵôǿǱȹѵ̫һ֮ӲƴӮǿҲǲʤѰر֮¾
䲩ԶкκôƷϷжţŪġӼҶԼԲȤǳ
ǲʲô鶼ҪкôУҶЦһӵʵ
Ȼ˲Ϊ𣡡ӺԥĻش
ǺǣܸʲôôҶ쵭Цʵ
Դϲæǰô࣡ȺڷկҵλӷĪƱӦоУһܰΪ࣬ϷͲһһֻպ֪
ŶҶһ˵źӺǺֱЦ
ôÿԣͶȥԶżңͼĸȻɽЩ˷ܣѾҶ̵龰
ôҶҡͷ䡣
ΪΣЩɻ󣬸ղǰѾЩĶôô֮󷴶̬ȡ
תۿ˿ȺŵˣƺȻһƣָǣϷˣҶӷģǰ;оԸǣԺҲضǺڷկһǲԸҲȥϷ
ӾȻΪҶ̬ȵĸıΪûжȺ˸ŵ
󵱼ˡҶ칰֣ٴκ
Ӽ״ΪϲֻҶȻӦԼǿ׵ҶϵܲؿԺǾԼˣܺһϸ硣
ϸ硣
ӻ䣬ҶЦŽе
ʹúӶΪ֮һȺˡ
ҶС磬ǡ
ʮ־㵣벻ҶΪλһǵҶСҲ˰
ʲûʳΪҶ̧ۣ̽ʾ԰ꡣ
ΣҲֻܰӾ䣬ΪǴﲻҶͺӹҵһ
ӼҶֹĻжҶ˳Լ뷨Ϊȷǻϲ˵Ҷϵ뽲
֮ǰ˵ĺôҲϡȴϸһҶ춢źӣǴЦ
ܿڣϷУۺεƱʹϵܡŵɫ϶֮ԸŵΪڹ¼ҹˣûɶ
ֵ壬ϸղŰɱ֡˵ҶȻԣҪͷַϣ
˵͡
ҶЩ죬Ժû壬ʶĴӦ󷽲ӦæסŭĿҶ졣
ôϸ᲻ôҶ
ƨӴŭҶ֮ǰΪˣ
ǾͱСˡ
䣬ҶȻֱȡӱ塣
֮ǰԺӱ屩¶Ҷ̤ʩչ£ƾʧԺӲתһУ̫ԩ
ԥʱҶȻǰӴ󾪣ȴңȻ˸ſ׵֮Ȼţܺùٰ֪ٱ
һӰӱתֱߵڶλ
ӰɢҶһУƬ̣ƺŹӰֹĹĪ
رȻ·磬;
뵽˴Ȼָ֣ץҶ켹׵̽
ӳݶһץУҶ׵ᱻֱӳ塣
ҶС棡Թ壬æѡ
ʵòѣҶͲµӻӰ͵ϮԲһһлԱˡ
Ӳû룬ȻҶ첻ͬıǾͱɱΪ֮һʬڴˡ

˷ܴ󺰣֮ԿΪָȻҶĺ
飡
ִ죬֮һӲȴİͼȻ֣ǧһ֮ʵס˹ơ
Ӵ󺧣ȻҶİԪܣڳǰҲû©֪֮Ҷд˷ѧȴóȻȻĵΪãƾʦԪƿأƿԪֻһ˲ŰɱҶ졣
ǣʧˣһצûܻưԪܣšҶ켹׵ˡ

ں֮ʣҶƣƷƣ֮ͬʱǰȴͻȻһ޴ԪУоȻͬڤͨɢͬŵâ
ãӼٴ߶ӰȴǼӰȻȫ֮ǰ
飡
죬͵ĳ俪Χ֮ľ۶ϣЩʵ˶бƷߡ
־֮£ӵӰͬٵɳȥ
ߣҶüһкȵ
˼״׷ɻ󣬸ղŵҶ콫һɳȥô֮ȴƺǺһ㣿
Ҷ쳹ͬӰȴͻȻֱͦнâȻڿһ̤ɣȻֱɶϣգۼïܵĹɡ֮вӰ
ڷԭʼɭ֣жľƬֱˣȻľ֦ҶȻïǳľ׳֦Զ˾Ϊס
ҶС磬ղǲǴݾˣҶ׷ϣǰʵ
û£ӲѵġҶ
Űɣ˵ͷ
СΪϡͷԲģ֮ǰоӲ˼򵥵ıҶУֱӽҶʱȷ롣ǽƾͼƼװûǰװܵĻҲҶƾ̤һƵеĻᣬҶ쾹ȻԺƣһѾѸٲѧѰףһзա
Ҷ쵭Ц壬ȻܹͷɻǳԽ͵ģҸղǺġ


151 Ķƣһ
ɶЩԻ󣬴˴ǻ˭ˣ߻仰˵˭ɱӣ
ƺñǡҶǵЦһгı顣
ŶεͷȻģҶ˵Ȼĵֻ˻Ⱥ֮С
˻֮˷׷ǰѯǲûпӺҶ֮䵽׷ʲô
һһͣ˿̾ԼЩˡ
Ҷ״Ⱥ֮У֣صλģұԺ֮׼ȥֵܡ
СֹҶȻţºȻʧ٣˵˵ҲһʦǿߣټϻǹĪѧѣס
ͬΪʦ綨֮ΧĻҶղ֮ŵɲ̫ʵ֡
ЩɵʱּͻȻ˼죬žǿ͵ľɢľ֮ڶлһʹƺߡȻƺ֮Ҷ
ʲôˣ
ǲǺҵˣ
˴ʧɫ֮˵δ˼Ǻǹ¼ҹˣҸոѣͲܷҰֵ
ҷıǡҶ쵭ЦˣȻתȥ
ҪϣǱֹҶȴʾްܸۿ
üܷ֮˱ضʵǿǸҶǰȥ׸û뵽Ҷ쾹ȻֹݣѵǼ˰֣
ҶŲǺܿ죬ûʱѾĿ֮ڡ
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ڴ˵ȺĪǰҶ֣أͣڴ˴ΪԸղŵľ˴ٽ㣬ͣӦðȫ
˵գҶ볡У˼ٷ׷˵˵Щʲôȴ̫塣
ǺǣҶӺĻTҶǰЦ
ҶԵЦҺγԣСӱ֮رɸҰŪʲôĻơ
ҶǹǂT棬ҼֵЩ񶾡ȻҶ˵գǂTɫһ࣬ŭ𣬶ݺݵԼΪ׼ΧɱԼĶҡ
ʵҶ֮ǰ׷ǹΪ֮Ȼ֪TΪηҪƷӣȴ֪Ǳ֮ԼסӣΪµȻҪ⼸λĻ֮ˡ
һӿ֮أΧ׷ضȫˣƱػƣ֮ǰTҪҶĵط±Ҷ֮֮ΣգΣתպܿΪеĂTϣһá
ҶףͺӶܾˣôпܻûֺϾν˷˵ıⱾǽ˷ˣǳײҲ
ҲǂTԵĻ֮ڣҶ֮
Tɫ쳣ɫһţתΪƽֵǺǣҶ̫ǫˣһֱĻڼȣʮꡣ
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ȻҶǂTɫٴ࣬һǰȴû뵽񾹼Ūƣʧƣһӡ
ҶӰãӲĳôѾ£ͽ⴦áTԿ˵ôһ䡣
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Ӵǰ˵ã˼ҶѾ߱ٵͬҵʵǽˣδǶ֣ǱұƼˣĻơ
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Ȼ֮ŭʢҶֱðŭԸû˼Ǽ٣ȻҲںӵƵС
ǺǣϸĻһῼǣһ֮ˡҶ첢ûзӵݣ֪ãȻԼɡ
Ҷûз͵Ĭϣᵽ֮һתŭΪϲΪŶֵ˼Ը֮ǰԼȥɱӡ
ھɱ˺ӣָźӣҶ캰Ȼ֪Ҷɱ˺ӣ֮áɱΪ˼ӵķ˶ԽԽˣҲԽ
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ҶҡͷȫǰߵװһʧģȻүãֻܺͺˡ
ţ˼ΪɣҶǺΪ˼TһǲķչǸϽȰҶ
ǺǣҶϵۡłT˵ԼȴΪѾҶԼϣ
Ȼô˵ĻҿɵúúÿǿˡҶüͷ°ͣһ˼ģ
˼״ԶҶ죬ľνǶԾһԵáرǂT棬ȻɫƽȴǾη
ΪҶT˿Իɱӣȴܱ֤õϢҶT淽׾پסӣʱTȻ㷽úӿڣԲҶӣôǶ˵ʵټ۾м˱ǴǺҲǲö˵ˡ


152 Ķƣ
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ҶʮԼãУһҰݷУЦſˡ
T滺ߵ߶˼䣬֪Щʲô
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ǺǣЩ㣬Ҫ͵ġTһ٣ĿͽȻһָӣͷ
Ŷȷʵ⡣Ҷ챨۵ͷ΢Ц
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ҶղŵıԾĬ̬ȣ֪һԼȻ׶༪٣ǸϽ£
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ŭɫһţҶղȻáүһʳƺԼԾвǰ߼ΪŭȴʱҶ죬ǰԼһľء
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⡭һʱҵͼԲҶ϶֪Ǵ˿ȴԾ
֪ҶЦ
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ϸ˵ҺĶءҶ̬ʼպ׽͸
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һ֮ǰ԰٣֮ԼT澹Ȼףɾͼˡ
Ϣŭҵúϸ档Ҷղ֮ЦΪ˂TļıܹݣҪԲΪƺ˵ʵ顣
Ӽпܷ֮ΪͷͬT棬ʱԼɾ·ˡҶ쵱Ȼóѡ
ҶϵܹȻˣӵҶֲ֧δ룬ֻлͺ֡ǺҶֱȽףΪTѾѹһΣΪӰ
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Ǻǣ㵱Ϸ׻ʮꣿӲмЦ㣬һ뿪
Դƣ֮ǰĵжúΪǱɱԼȻûɱӣɱ벻ɱֻرĸƷѣֻҪ֮űˣ󰭡
ǵǺѾˡ


153 
Ѿ޷˵ӣTȥɫѯʰ취
T⣬˼֮ҶҶӣҲۣ룬䵽ʲôô
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T棡ľǸǣ겻ϷһлǰԲѣ
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T澲ţɫȻܿʲôɴ˿ɼ֮£ҪôгҪôΪ鼫ΪҪɫ
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ġйƽƺаա
ԹƸֻͣйӴ

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жȻͻƣӰ಻⡣ˮ޺ѧǡǽƣֻҪ΢θΪƮ
ֻйӰ֮ƮȻͬһ硣
Զ֮פԹۣȶսͷ˷ܣȻ׷Ѻ
ҳͭʮķйӶùС
ҳͭʮ֮ںӱȻܷйӣ
ҳʮĺӣ
ҳһٶķйӣ
ͽƷζ˻ͷЦתҶ죬˭
ҶҡͷɻǺöĵô˵ⷬɻû꣬Ȼԭα¶
Ҿ÷йӦܶ㿪С˼Ƭ̣Ҷص
ҲôãΪ˱ׯ֮ӣҾĺӮѹͭ壬أһ·ŶĲһ¼Ϊ档
ûǮҶЦҡͷ
԰ۡ
ðɣҺһע롣˵ãûǮˣֻԺϡҶֻܸע
״Ц´ҶһȻ󲻻ʵǲ˪С̫ܵһǮҲ㣬ȥҤӺ㰡
ȥȥȥ֣ں˵ЩʲôҶ֣ȻתӳС


154 ʩ
д˿ֻ̼T治ʱֹӣŵǺӸϾȫɱйӡ
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죬˲翪һɹǿĳݡӺ͂TԻһƣ׷˺վɫԷ
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Ӵ˾жһԱܿT֧ԮѰһй޷˼ɵǽһ

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գӶ㿪а죬ͬʱǻӰɢľ

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ⷨһͨͨʩչ㲻ٺáǂTҲǴ֮ҶƵúӰ֮ʱѾ֣˿һ׹⻮Tĳ磬һٺɢбϷǵӰͬʱҲж˺·
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йӲٶԣһлˣȻҶ˾ٿ϶⣬оԺҪƱظԱ˾

Ǳߺǿ飬ղźҶԻֻƲסֱ۶ѾŤΡ
ĺңվָ֮Ҷ죬׹˶ɡ
ҺʲôҶ쵭Ц֪ʡ
Ϸ˵ϷһգۣŭЩ˻ƣ֮ǰʶİҶΪҶҪϣһԻܾ֮˵ϷT˿鼱֮˿ûпҶΪҪˣҶʲôô˵Ҳûʱ俼ǣԲŻʶѡܡ


155 ƽ
ӱҶƭֱˣʵŭգһжδ֣֣ôҲȻУοڻ˱ˡ
˵ʹ˵ĸҪλҲҧֽ֣ڴҪ㲻ʹȴ٣һҲǺΪҶĵط
˵ЦӸΪǰʹҶ첢û𣬷վﶢԼЦͣ
Ժܻģ˷Ҷ컹شǿǰЦ
ģϷ˱㣬ǲҶҪպҹߣúˣҲٹ˼Ҷ˵Ӱ죬ֻвϵĸԻΪ
֮ǰΪԴ໰ô˵Ѿȫı¶˱ʡ
ͣͣͣҶЦһơ
֪˻أͣȻҧгݶҶ죬ȴ˵
ֻǾ÷й˻ɱʵϧԲųȵġҶЦŻشȻ£ֵ˼ȴа˷ֳġ
ǷΪһ֮ˣ֮ΪͼڷկΪ˱Ӿ֮ʴҶô˸þȡҲЩڣΪǰΪ±㲻ϧϣΪ˵ʱҲɱ޹һҶ֮ܣѾлػأֻ;ʹթյǺмˡ
ҲɺϣºֱȻȴȫܶһ֮췮عޣ֮¹˭ֿɾͲ˵ˡ
һҶôһ˷Ҳδֱӻɱӡڶ൱ƴĸһЩĽ˭Ӯ˭䣬˭˭ƾҶµʵմ֣ôв췮ǻܲͬƣʱط;Ҳڷǡ
ᵱˣ֣ǲӻˣٴαŭ֮ȻҶĵطȴ˸֮⡣
ǺǣֺҡҶıЦ˵ͻתɫ̬ȡ
ǻ㲻ͷͷôû㣬ôᵱˡҶϷŪӣǺ̧
Ӱ̾һƺʮΪҶϧ
Ǻǣûü䣬һҶаЦӴ̾ʼԺĻԹ˵̬ȰѡҶġ
ҶϵܰʵߣͱϾ̫Сնв֪ӹȻҶķʽڡ
ŶϸָһҶװһ̵ɫ
ǺãϷʾ㣬պ㵱עǡаϲֻҶѾƻ
Ƿƨˣµõ䵽ز
ƿڴȻ۾ãǶɻãӵװģȥˡ
ʱȫɫȻ֣仰ȷһеġ
ӦƬ̣ڨЦһòץĹƻҶĻ׷ŹȻԼһˣܹҶ죬˻ǲΪġ
Ҷϵܰƨҡһģ
ģõ˼Ҷ㻹ƨɣܲġٴδ֮ǰΪӦǣû뵽Լǰ߾Ȼһ˲ʱԺӲ˼صķС
ɱһţò׵ƽľɲΪһϣ
Ҷϵܣҡ
˵ˣҾү˵ûҶʾ˷ѿ࣬תұϾǰƭ㣬Ϊ˹ƽҰס֮ܶսӦɡҶָ̽췮ˣ֮жϷŰ
ٴɫʧֽҲ㲻ˣȻˣûĲ룬źͶһս֮ġֻսغ֮ǰǰӦԣһΪĵģǾҶǷܹסΪʦ񣬻߻仰˵Ҷ쵽˹ؼʱǷսš
ϸˣĶԵв;Ҷ쿴˺˼֮ôûãûԤ
Ӻ޺޵ͷ˴˿ˣҶ촿룬Ҫôֻƴһʤˡ
Tһֱû˵ٴοڣֻҶ칰˹֣лҶӳֵ֣ܶ˻ʤա
ԿƵлҶ죬ʵȴǴж⣬ΪҶղ񣬻֮пܰӣԂTŻ˵ΪúӸҶ졣
Ҷ΢Цͷκƾ֮⡣
T治ԥѧֱȡӡٶҲҲˣĻԶԶΨһ;ھ˵»ɱӣһһڻȥ;в㹻ĳЮҶ죬Ϊ
ʵһȫ죬ΪҶδڻط;жʦǿ߶֣Ϊʤðһֵյķգֻܹƺ췮ˣж
TȻ֣йȻǰһʱٴμһԪ嵴оͱըһɹ˿Ͳݵļ
ҶЦУȻתվбƳһۣȴǰ˵
Ҷ첢˵ξͺΧۿֵ·һ㣬վֻΪ˱
ҶӺֶΰ̲סȿǱϾ·ˣڸʱǻˡ
ǺǣЦˡҶ첢ǲǫư֮ˣȻɫʱȫûҪǫ顣
ҸղŻڡ
һүҶĻΪڱ˱ضҪ˵ЩϵĻ
һͷҶʡ
үΪβսţҶ쿪żɽֱʳĹؼڡ
Ǽսţô˿Ѷο໹Ҫôʱ䣬ڴ֮ǰ֮Ը˵ʵ̫ţһҲҶ컳ɵĵط
һᣬЦǶǽʱͶңҶҲ֪֮Բԭж
˵ͣתͷҶ죬ƺԼ˵ɸеʮ⡣
ŶүʾҶš
Ǻǣһ˱ΪɽˣҪΪ֤ǵĹ˳ġ
үҶĴָʵб֮ýھȻҲֵ⡣
ڶΪҵڶѽΣԸһӻҪΧĻٺ٣ƾݡ
ǺǡҶЦڶʵ̫ģ۵ѵ٣


156 ׻
Ҷ첢ԼɣɫЩΣͺ󻰲޵ԱʶȻûзֻ޹⡣
үʵʵ˵ɡҶٺ£ʮҪŪ񵽵ǳʲô⣬һ۸ڶұŭҶүôͻȻ˳ܣֻ˪Ƶġ
˵ɶʵװģΪʮֺҶ֪ؼ֮ûʹɱ֣췮˽ڲ֮ϾˣСΪϣݼȴǺܺá
ҶƮ˸ɨȥмЦүҪɱ㣬Ͷ֣αصȵڣ
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Ǻǣ޶ۣһֱүҪ㣬Ҳ⡣Ҷװģ֮Աǣ֮ʼճƺΪүΪνǳϵĳƺôƺ˵˻û˺ĵز
ǺǣҶԼǣˡΪݲûжԺΧ֮ԻȻʣû³ʵ飬Ϊ³ç޶ۣȴ֪֮Ĳ޵Ĺѵ
ȤҶ찵̾һ˵Ȼ֮ѯԭ򲢲Ҫ˽ʲôƶʲôԲߣǴĺĴʹ
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ڂT棬йӵ״̬ҪϺܶ࣬Ȼû˴ѧ֧ȴ֮ǰǰƮݣЩ͵֣֮ˡ
ۺӣ˿ȥǲңѾ飬֪Ǳ黹ԼáͷҲǰ׷ƮƮΪңԶԶȥͺһ֮ˣأԴСΪ۵Ļֱۣ֮ԭѾȫǂT⹥¡
ү˭ȡʤҶʵ
ٶͣΪؼֻԼƣ˶ͣͷֲ嵽˭ռϷ硣
Ҷ״΢ɻ³ǂTռϷ磬ûʲôԥµġ
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ǺǣȷʵˡҶɻȴδƣٴΰС
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ҶӳУ۽ȴϸĴֻȻһ̬ʱ۾Щ壬˵̫塣
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ΪʱơҶ컰˵һ㲻˵ȥתͷӦ
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ر۾Ҷתͷȥۿƣ˵ʱǴЦڼ
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֮ˡʵشΪʵ벻ͨҶֻʲôҵĲ֮ҶЩѡ
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157 
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ĿԲǺܴΪ֪֮ʦ綨һƿʮѵôҲΪʦ綨ʮ˿ڵбΪǿߵԭ
ʦ綨ԲĻֻʣ¸ղֹһֿܣǾϰѪط
ѪڵĹ׺֮ҶΣеĹĪ⵱ܣرǻѪ辭֮ǸʱѾ֮ܳΪˣҲڹ̶ʱֹ
ѪڹҶ찵ü֪֮ƣΪһòӡ
ӵ˵֮ٻᷢһЩںͨᣬͱԪĽϣ߽֮ҪȵԪǿһֹҴ˴ڵؽ磬ʩѪڹԵ֮ʱѷֲص㣬һսҲǼΪҪġ
˵Ļǡ֮ͬо޵֣߿׻ɱ
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ȻȴҲһƾ׵ҶͻƵʦ綨ΪˣټϴսTͷйҲʲôôӵ˿ɲģԱλط֮Ƕʱж
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ҶӰ㿴ܲܡһֱԱĵȴΪԲҴţ¼Ҷڴ˼ת֮ſʻ
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ӣɱֵܣ˵ҪҶ˺ӵĻзɭȻɱ⡣֮ǰֶǣ췮˶ѣǰЧѾﵽնɱο֮顣


158 ط
ּ䣬ⴺⰻȻļƽ˼ˬ˴ȴɫ죬еĽţеľеɫҰ࣬еޱ顣
һʮɷԲƬľԶۣǰTغʱɵġ
˿̺ԽƶҶ첻ȥر̫ĲʺԹޡ
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Ĵ˱ǧֻ򱻻ɱŭկ֮ѣϻҲ
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Ϊɱҵֵܡ
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ȷҶַʽѪƴӱֵǵĳҲΪ˵Ǵ˿̷ǱʱǰֻһǰУãȥ޺֮ǡֵܣԼһػټĸŮ
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Ҷ̬ı仯ֹڴˣжЩֵܵʧ벻ͨΪҪԼҲ˵Լõʲô׷ĽôԺƲȥʹʮķ
һܹЩοǾҸĻһ˳ֳִ̬֮Ƕ֪Լֻпûй͡ΪԼһĶǿɿ֮ˣЩ˶ǳҺ˳ǲ
ȥ֮ͨͨǰǲɢЩų²ࡣҶţδȥ֮˵Ĵͽ˼
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159 
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үҶЦŹ֣Ц֮жЦʡ
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ΪԳʧݣѵҶŭƽǡʱ˻Լ״һƣǾֽѵҶ죬һԼȲñԴСʹҶʵһá


160 ļ
һʱ¶Σû뵽羹ȻԼһĿ
ķӦʮɻвʵܺι˱飿
Ƕʦ綨Ҷ첻һ˶ʿѣ֮¶ȡʤֳķӦΪоʮֶеľ籾Ӧ˵ȥʹ򣬴ҶײֻӴܲŶԡ
磬»˰ɡ֧֧ᣬΪ֮ǰʶҶֶΣ۾мҲ׺䶯֣ͬ׾ӮҲøԴСοӮ滹Ǻܴ
˵ʲôԲ˵ʲôҲ벻ܾҹȻΥԼ
ҵ˼Ҷڽ˷ʱܶ࣬ҡ
סڣһǰߵĻĶݻأ
ûûûУ֣ҶүҶĶݣ⻰Ǵ˳ȥԺô찡
Ǿ͸ϽҶ֣ŭ
磬ǡƷǳʮֺڸղûԼ۾ˣ˵¾ηˡ
ǲһأΪηҪүͣҶЦʡ
ԸŭҶһһүеʮУʼǲǺҶ찵йᡣ
Ը͡йٴμԭ򲢲ǰܣΪ˽ԣº߱ŭ֮³ɱҶ죬Ҷжô˿Ӧһ
ҵòܣԴһӣĴ˿ŭȻҶתƵϡ
״Tͷйӽ¶ãԼԥǷҪҡ
һ飬㵽׳ֲ֣ŭʵ
ΪȻŰ裬ڴǰȴ᲻ֺӲֻ죬ҪڨЦֺû󣬵ʵҲһʵķڡ
·أǻǸٶɡҶֻ
СӣҼסˣҳʳ⡢Ƥ˵ֺһۣһ˦޺ȥתߣĻȻϣʱ˸ɾ
ߺֿҶһۣʮָӣ첽ȥ
ҶӡֳҶ칰˹֡
Ҷ쵭Ц
߰ɡT˵Ҳȥķϡ
йӼ״΢΢ԥ̾һ˹ȥ֮ʻҶ죬ٴιֵϣպǵˡ
Ҷ΢Цȴδ𻰣Ϊǰ߼ȻѡҾעպĵжԣʱйʲôкҵ飬ôҶ顣
йٴ̾һȻʩչ׷ѾгһξĂT棬׷֮˿ʼԻƺз磬˵ʲôȴö֪ˡ
ҲΪáҶȥš

Ҷһڻص֮ʱ׼׵Ļӭ̣һ·֮Ϻϣ˶壬ֻ֮ҶЩ˼ǽŲ죬򵥵ĺʹҴкصסڡ
ʱ䲩ԶЯ˵˪С
Ҷ΢Цһһ񣬶ղ
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ʲôҰˡҶǫش
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ˣҶˣȳԾΣ
ҶҪش䲩ʯԴϣֻŶӣͺոտĲҶһ㡣
˶ӣοЦ䲩Զȥϯͳս֡

̫޷ˣԸĳ䳡ϯɳ보Ʋˣ˴
˿̣ټ䳡ͷܶϯȷʢһԶԶƮɢ˹ΧǽͷֱС
֪֪ѭҵȳ԰Ȼȳʳ䲩ʯһȣⲢ谭ԶԹ˵̡
ʮ֮࣬æµŮͳ֮⾡Բϯǧңÿʮˣһʮƽⱶпտ䳡ڽ쿴ԵЩӵ
䲩ԶȻǼһ䳡Ĺۿƽ̨ϣǴ಻СԲȦ״Χס䳡˿ҲϯʮǸսֵ׼ġ
Ȼףô֮˱Ҫ̨ϼ䣬Ҷ첢óȳ棬ֻżԸߵ̨ߴȻ
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ꡭ䲩Զʾɫģһֻ֡Ҷ졣
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Ұ
Ҷ쿪ڣ˲䰲˾ڴʮҶ˪Ҹõġ
˿Ҷ֮ǰĽоѾȥֻת˪һڣǧĿ֮£ź
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161 ʦ֮Լ
ʱֵĩ԰ڵѾѿʹǰȻ
ӰбϯʱɢȥȻҶ쵽ҲûнǸǧǰߺľٶȴʵһѡ
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˿̣Ҷ䲩ԶһűԵ̧ĿԶڶ޾˼
ϯ֮ҶѾ䲩Զã˸Խ뿪ϸҶ֪Դ˴߽˷֮ҹȻһʮֶӵĽڹңڼѾָʵ֮һΪǣǿĽڳ롣
ʱ䲩ԶǷŭȴûй׷ΪʵָֻԿΣʵڵҩ֮֮󳹵׻ָҲѣҪĿս½ơ
ҵԼ龰ֱӾͻ񣬲뻹ǮΪǿŵĽʵ̫ˡ
䲩Զ飬ҶȻҲ˽˷飬䲩Զ֮Ƴ̾ҶڽΪҶС˪飬ȴҶܾ
Ȼ䲩ԶͻȻҪΪ鲢ΪҶԽɫҪֻǵĸοҪĸú͸һЩ
С죬ΪҪܾ£䲩Զȿڣղ˼Ǵ£ֻʱ뵽
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ǵ壬ҵĵĲǣǡҶüһδһղС˪飬ΪƾֱԸоҲưոݣһܾܿһҳ׸Ϊ۵ĲҶ
µǽʱһԼ˪ԱضΪ겻ٸļޣĻ
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ҲɣһЩر֮»һսսһС˪飡Ҷ˵ţ֮ȴ
䲩ԶͷĬƬ̣ڵ㿴رһ¸õΣ
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ңɽؾޱ䣬ӵ֮ܵܲˡ˵ãôҵƿɾͲֹˡ
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ΪҪǰȥѾҶе֪飬ȥ׿ܷõر̸ȻҲұ֤뿴Ůɻ飬һ֮ź
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С죬ʵĲΪͻƵʦ綨޵ˣڵʵԶսʤˣοˡ䲩Զģʵȴˡ
ҶԲȻ֪䲩ԶΪԼðղ£η֮ˡֻһЦҴﵽʲôʵʤأ
ر֮ǵ֮£ʤ޿ܣҪʤԣҲҪﵽʦſɡ䲩Զ仰˵ʵ뷨ĶʦҺпѾʦУԶʱҶ޳ԽܡԾͲͬˣҶѧʵ̫ˣƾ缶սӦò¡Ȼ䲩Զڲ֪ҶܹںԪµ뷨
ŶǻЩѶȡҶ˵ͷЩʧ䡣
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ܴﵽʦͺˡҶϧ
ϧﲻܴﵽҾȥˡ䲩ԶҶѾ˷ղͷдзɡ
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䲩ԶȻ֪ҶԲҫԸǸоһҶͻƵʦ綨ʱ̫Ϊ˲ûж룬ϸһֲֺٶȣϸ˼һ飬Χڣǧ껹û
һҪȥҶٴαʾġ
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ٴ˼Ƭ̣䲩Զ뵽һ⣬ʦ綨ÿһ׵ĳںͺڲ඼ʮ־޴һ㵽ǿãһΥ֮ǰӦС
Ҫʦڣ䲩Զڡ
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Ҷ֮ȴֵļΪţΪشļˡԥ
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162 
峿Ҷ򵥵ϴϱңҪڽɽѰر֮ǰʵʦڡ
¾ǻطѾ죬ֻʱ˪Ϊȣ˪Ҳʮͨ⣬ûͨŮҵ־֡
ȻҶ˪ףڵľΪպһõ
ֳһΣѾǵɽףƵ㣬һӦʮԺ
˵ɽٹоŴΣʮԺĴûн䣬Ǿ˵ܿѾɽʧܱ׻ˡ
෴ǾҪȴ콵׽٣ֱŴȫȫͬģΪȫɽٻȥѰرķգɽʧܣû֪Ƿԭأȴһ´ζɽ١
οҿ֮٣ڹ֮ۼԽأѾʧTй˵ǻָʮֻǶʵ׻ָԵΪҲֻǶ˽ɽǵġ
Ҷɽɽ·֮䣬εҪĿĲѰҩڵΪҩ
ڵȻңȴ°빦һҩЧΪǿԿٵҶʵΪͬʱԶҽͬǿ
ǰεĴսҶѾһȽʵ˽⣬Ȼ֪֮Ѿڻ¡
ʱͨһһֱͷʣ֮ǰԹԪҩͬǸʱĽȴǲ㶪ѾܹЧĽϴ壬㷢ڲ֪Уɻ
ϸ룬ڷһ˿ķ֮˵һʮҪá
Ȼʵ֮⣬Բ֪һʲôĺôеٲȻѾΪҶһǿơ
Ҷ˿ѾһƽԭشһƬïܵԭʼɭ֣йľ죬ޱɣӰգԵúľ

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Զ޵ҶдϲϸƬ֮ȴ¶ʧɫ
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ԣҶ컹ǰҪҩĺ֮ƪϣΪǲܹʵı
֮ǰ˵ҶѾҩ޵ȵļ˽أֻ޺Ѿжϳһš
ֻ޸Ҷ̵Ϊ棬ϧǲ߱ڵ
ˣҶ컹Ȼʩչ̤ǰһΪȻԼжϺģ̤֧ǰһҲ£ϸһܹ黹Ǻõġ
ҶӰһò֮ϣʮɣ֦ƻͩȴ֦Ҷ쳣ïܣγһɡǡ
Ҷɡ֮УΪжֻ޶Щĸ֪ģһעܻҪ鷳
վɡǵͷֻ·յеֻ޹ȻԼԺжϵͬһֻǳЫβĹǣһֻɵľܡ
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ΧȦγɶʱǵȵľĺХһֻۺȻֱҶ첱ҧ
ֻǴҶ󱳷ĹΪҶǣһ˫ĵз̰ĺ⣬ƺѪʮִѡ
񶾣
ҶУӿǰȺǾɱѪҶʮַŭֻȲͷȼ̧ߣһǶǵͷ­
һҽУǵͷ­ʱΪ飬ԶԶķ˳ȥ
Ⱥ״һͣ˼ֽġ
һ߱͵ϮߣҶһǣм˵Ǻ͵ϮǸǶһչҲҶĸ֪
໺
ëһ֮ͬǰĺʮŭ𣬹ƸղǶĵɽ±ҶһԲŻʮַŭ
Ȼŭĺп϶Ǻǳ߽˻Ӧǡɱ֮Ļ
аգȺȻٴ׷Ŀ¶׹⣬˫ٵأƴ׼
Ҷ״һᣬҲ׼йǣΪȺĺ壬ԼֽǾôĽԼһѰ׹ǣ⻹꣬Ʊɰ׹֮󻹻ᱻǵõʱһ
뵽Ҷ첻Ⱥϣ̤վչ˲ûӰٴγֵʱȻԽ֮ƣġӡ֮ǰ
ҶХһ̶ĳֱȡ
˿ǰʮͷЫβǻ֮ǰΪҶͻȻʧЩ㶣Ҷ캰һ𣬱˲ҶҪı֮ǺηȻҶ칥ơ
飡
죬ͷЫβƵľ޴»ΪѪ
Ҷüͷ壬Ȼ뵽ȺỤȴû뵽ַʽ
˼֮ʣǰ֮ƵȺȻأٶȱͲΣ֮ǿ˼֣֮ǰжڵѾжοˡ
໺໡
˼Саּ֮ȥӹڽȺסҶԱȫݳˡ
ȥȺ֮ŶʮͷҵԴЫβǿٸϣգ۹Ѿһͬʧ֮С
˰ҲҶȻղЩԴЫβȥִлְȥˣı˵ܣ߾ǿУʵڲһ֮Ϊ
ȻߣҶҲûȤȺӷġ֮ǡɱˡֻһ̤ٴʩչҲʧ֮ˡ
̤Ƿ٣ΪͻҲͬ׷ɱ
䣬ҶȻǰǶʮͷЫβǵټ
ף
֮Ҷ첢ûиˣǲɻȺЫβڵأһǽʶĵʹģٴС
ѵǰޣҶɻĿԶƬ֮ȴȺЫβǵ֮ԼԭжûȺ֮пë˵ëȻˣǰи޵ĻԲ뿪ģһĻϰ˵ȻǸоҪƾٶ޷Ҷ죬ʮͷЫβǵʿڴΪԼȡʱ䡣
ϾҲվ޷ͬնҶвмţͬʱκͣ٣ķȥ
Ҷ㣬µĸӦòܶԼ˿鷳ΪȻܹ˦ĴȺôǰЩҲƱס
໣
ԼٶҶ죬ЩԱǡ׷֮ɭâ

ֻǰӰһٿʱҶѾǵˡ
̤ܳ־ʩչҶԽȺ֮ΪٱӣٶȻ˺ܶ࣬ȴʼûжʧëټ
໺
βġӡڸЩġС
׷ҸϣԼʱ֮Ҷڽ֮ľʮңĻʩչ̤׶й
Ҷ첢ûôٶȲ˵ʮֿ٣һ·֮Ҷ첢ûƵʹ̤ΪλᱻԼ׷ϣ
ˣʲô
Ҷĵһ뷨ΪΪȷʵȽϷǣٶȿ϶ûġ
ɻҶ㲻ڶ֣ں׷һʱ䣬Ҷͼ
ڹŪ飬ΪǵȴȺ
˿ȺХѾԽԽиһյʱٴκϡ
ХҶͷһݣȻҶԻ󣬵վóɾǲֻǷ㣬ʹ֮ΪǹҲΪ
ˣҶ첻ԥһ˰ë֮һƳֱȡ
Ҷ԰ճһƻУǰë¿ԾͻΪ۶ɥʧܶ
״һãһ˲䱻Ҷ۾


167 ²
ͼԽҶ˫ۣҶ׼֮Թͷ­йơ
Ыβǵͷ­ΪȫӲĵطȻҲŵڣһʹ󲿷вͷ­ɡ
ҶòһɱҪһٻͷ­Ҫйע˲Ԫǰ˲Ԫͷ̫ͣһֱ䲻ƣҶҲ뵽һ㣬ȡΪıλ˴ֻĲԪֵ֧Ʊ״ݶϣĲԪͷƿأˣʲôӦöԴԡ
СĵֶΣ
ҶһЩɳѾɢ٣ͬʱ΢תٴŹֶ׷ȥ
ûܵó֮Ҷƺڳֻ񱼣ٶȾ֮ǰ㣬һҶƵʹ̤֮ľҲٳ֮ǰԵˡ
׷˴ʱֱ˿Ѿ׷˽ĸʱɫڲ֪ԾתʱҲѾ˰ʱ̣˴ľգͨ͸綼һƬ谵ɽĻʱˡ
Ҷæ׷ϣȴȻ֪ڴȦӣľƻ֦ͩҶï쳣γһɡǣĹ۲죬Ҷ춨ִᷢ˴ǰܺ䵥Ыβĸط
Ҷûй۲쾰飬׷˰ëôãԽ׷ԽľΪߵľ벻ûбԽԽԶֻҲԽܣǰëδȫеҶﶺ˼
ҶܹŭֻХһ½һ̤֮ʷ̤֮ľ˲֮Զ
ǲ
ҶղŽһٶľ֮²̤֮·һ죬б顣
Ƕľٻǰīƺſһ˫֮ۡ
໺
ͻȻڵ˻ģʮֹ
Ҷüͷһ壬δ룬Ŵʱٶʩչ˲ֱ˼ɡ
ˣ֮»ʮҵľ룬֮䱻̫ԶεͻҲûܴﵽһЧĹ롣
˿̰ëѾֹͣХУҶһۣɫǹ죬֮ǰܡ
Ҷ챻һͷоһ˿𣬲ȴҲδ룬·ٶٴμӿ˼֡
ʱǰЩ˦ںͷЫβȺѾ׷˴Խľ֮׷쳤ХشߣȴǰУƺЩһεĽޣǺǿ־壬ҿԽ׳ذ벽
ȺХХɢҶͷȥԼֻܿȺǶԶﲻȥ
ѵʲôŹ֣ҶзɣѾƬ֮ǰ̤ܶĵطҴӸߴ¿˴ںУпܾڶ޲ҿԭ˷Χĺ϶쳣ǿĴڣжǿ󣬼ȻԼѾ룬ôɴһݣ֮˳һĹŹˡ
νո˵Ҷ˿̾ЩȻ֪˴϶ޱգȴΪܹʲôв
뷨ҶҲٶ룬һĶβȥ
ٶѾŻԽصĴϢԿѾߵףҶ첢ûмڳ֣Ϊƶˣ˭Ҳұ֤ǲˣʲô
׷˰ʱ˿̫Ѿ׳ߣȴδʹԭĺǻ谵ֳһƬڵС
ɳɳɳ
Ҷϸ߲壬Ըղһ˿бλӣɳɳ̤Ҷģǰʮɿ⡣
ٶȷټ֮ҶϣΪǰ˦ҶڼҶ׷֮ǻţٴη
ȻѾټҶɲ׸һ·֮ϸ̤Ҷ档
ҹ£ֻҹĻҶ޷ǳֱʱ䣬ֻܴ¸оѾ׷Сʱ
˿ּ侲ףһһǵı죬ͷţһֳɱ֮ͷ
׷һᣬǰҶͷ𣬼Ȼ£ôԷľһ
Ŀϸǰһʮĺ˿̺֮ϵˮ޲ĴԼʮϸխӨӨĹ⡣
ˮ̶ʲôŹֲɣҶоɣҹ䷺ɫ۶£¹⣬ԺйԲ
һ뵽ˮ޵ۼף뷨ܿͱԼ񶨣Ϊۼ׷ҲҪйԴӳղС
Ҷüͷ΢壬˿ڱӣѾǰźӴܡ
ѵˮǱغ֮£Ҷڶ뷨ʮɳ̵ĹпǱˮ·йâɣΪʮ֮ҪһȻҲϡ档
໺
Ҷ˼ǵʱȴͻȻ֮·˵ʲôһ㡣
Ҳϸ΢ı仯ͬʱˮ
Ҷ״Ӽᶨ֮ǰ뷨Ϊ޷磬ˮ˵ˮжڶܹʮ涼˵ˮ֮Ӵ󡣶ңâҲ䵭пˮоˮ³ɵġ
ͨһ֮µɻӿͷ֮ǰ²ⲻˮ޵ҲӦôﵽ֮鱦֮ͨеļأɾﹲʮ֣Ʒ͵Ҳ֮ϡ
һ׵ǿΪλȻǱˮأ
ڷ滹ǾǡΪ
Ҷ򵥵ķһ£ǡûǱΪܽ͵ͨΪǿ޶ԼأؿǾԲİﴳ룬һܵ͸ɱ֮ǰפõ֤ǶȻǼɵеľ޶ҶͬʱأӦϲһ뷨ԣǱˮ׵ԭпΪ֮ǰı档
ھʲôأ
Ҷ˿˼ѵˮоʶɵҶʵͨǱˮױѣ
һ㼸ڸոһ˲ͱҶ˷񶨣Ϊһ޿ͳǿߵʵģһһʦ綨Ҷ졣
ôΪʲôأ
ѵıŲǾģͶ·޵أΪ˴Ҷֹܹû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ׷˹˫׷Ҹ֮˾޵ϳ併ǿġ
ôĻǺпܵġҶü΢΢չȥ˵ǱȽϺġ
ո֣Ҷȴһһ⣬ⲻ÷ȴҶеΪѡ
ǲҲѧЩ֮ľٶ


168 
ɽидڣɽҩģȴ׺ޣҩȻ󣬵ܹȨ⣬˴ʵ˳˲֮Ҳ
Ȼɽ֮ƲһǧǳԲΪ͹죬֮ҪС࣬ɽ̽ڰС
ȻɽҲǾ޶ɹᣬǰʱҶַĺڷڶԼǧһΪնͨΪɶɡ
ɶɣ˼壬նѰխһɣȴοն𣬸ƣ̽ǧڵΨһ½ͨ·ļӣڴ˵ص⣬ϱзڿӿ룬Ժ֮жо޴УзŤתǺˣ֮з㹻ΪᱻУ׹֮Ȼⲻ˵ͨ󺣣֮ᱻ׹棬ΪǺ޵Ĺ֮ʳ
վգΨһ;⡰ɶɡʮҶȻҲ
˿̣ҶһøʮɵĲ֮ϣĿԶǧ֮ļ򣬰֮һϸͨ֡
ǾǴ˵еġɶɡôҶۼղ΢ϲΪ͡ɶɡģΪǰģҸ԰ȫĵط䣬֮ĴоޣԼʮɵĸߴιҲӦӦ֮
Ƭ̣֮вûгκ״ȴȻڵأϵķͺ
ۼ״ҶʱĿԶԲǧＸ۵ףϸۿƬ̣һɽڡľɽ壬ǵպӵ˾ۼĺڷկϳڷڡ
ףﾹȻܹڷڣҶЩɻϤɽ·ֻԶԣɽ쳣֪ȫò֪ȫòȻͲ֪ɽֻΣ˿Ҳڻƫ򣬾ڷկǧ·̡
Ǻǣ֪Ѿ߳Զ˰ҶʧЦΪ˼ӴѰڵĸʣԱɽΪ߽ͨݷɽ
Ϊˣ˶ɽΧһ·ֱɽ˶·̲ȷǧ֮ң
뵽ҶͻȻʲô̧ͷ죬΢¹ֱ涫Ƭ֮óһզ಻ѵĽۡ
˴ڷڲ̫ԶټλƫǾºּʮܵġ
˵Ҷüͷ壬µĿˮ̶˿ˮ̶ȻָƽԭǵĹҲڲ֪г١
ѵײɽ֮أ
໺
Ҷľ֮ʱǰëأԷһ峤ХڶͷҲص·롣
ĲûвãҶһ㶣ı뷨޹Ӧò˾ֵİȾܣ֮ĵûܵõˡԼûĻ۾߻ʲô³
ˣҶо˲ʱ亹һ֮Զ￪ͷ֮ݷĻôʩչʲôܣֻ֮ͬǰǰһɤӣҶ³Ϊ촷ˡ
ǧҶ찵Ե棬ȻҲûţһݣ̤ʩչʮɵľһ
֮ǰҶ̲סͷ̽һ֮ͷʱ߷֡
ֻǰƽĺٴηԣӿˣĹ⸡֣һֻ޴ʮ䷿Сͷ״･ӳĺгڣʿ֪ͷɡ
⺧һĻҶҲһͷʮֵȥһˮпܻᷢХʱܳܵļƾ֮
ʱܻἤǰδеҶھʹ״̬֮УʼʱԪ̤߳ƾʮɡ̤ʦ綨Ԫ֣߳ɣôʮҲżΪ֮ЩԸԶԶΪҶÿӽٶܴﵽʮɵľ롣
Ϊʵ̫ˣǵԻĹѹѹ֮£о·ռѣϱ٣ΪһСС࣬ʶĿʼ
ҶˣˣֻһɫëƤɿӣ֮ͬһɫ磬ֻܼӰͿģµҶ컹Ҫԣ˵ڵٶܣô֮ǰľͿԺŵĳ֮Ϊɢ
һһ֮ǰ׷мμУ˭ûкͶԷֵͼͺ͵ջɽʱĺڷկѡһ濹֮£̸ʲô˺ɱ
ٶȷɿ죬ʱѱ˺ֵ֣ž˷ҶĵХδ𣬶ҾҲ𽥼ҶĻͷ֮̽»ûѡôΪʵ̫Σˡ
ʱӳôԶ·̣°ĭֱ۵ڵأҶǻε֮֮
໹ޣЩȻеﶼҪطͻȻ֮ǿȻºȴҪǲʹĴۡ
ڵһһһǵľӣڸղŵΣ֮¼ǰδеһΣգ̽״̬
ҶϾѾʦ綨ټȻѣǲδ磬Ҳң˿Լʿ綨ôڵ³пܾǻ

ҶҪ𣬵ȫѾ˿Բ˷˽һϢʱ䣬󻹽ˤա
Ƭ̣Ҳ΢ۼҶ쾹Ҫվ֮доɫǰ߳ûԼ
໡
֮³ŷХУȴ΢΢Ǻ˲һܶʱ򲢲ñӻһ·Ϸ۵糸ͲͣĻʹף޷
Ҷ״ǺһЦаٽаǽƺҲ
˵ҶСȥΪоԼղ˵Ļһֵֹֹĸо
໡
Բ˻ƶͽ͵ХУ˵ХУʵݿ¸һЩ
̫Сˣ޷ٻȺãҶ첻ȥ壬ͼ̵ʱڻָ
ָͬʱҶ̽̽ͷ£Ⱥһֱͣڴ˲뿪ôڵԼѾΪһ߰׹ˡ
ǾգɥǸǡ
Ҷ찵ҵʱĸ֪￪һȺ˴٣ЫβȺɡ
ҶȻ󾪣ʲôʲô
໡
֮ǰԶ˼ֵ⣬ʿ֪ҶղŵĳҪҪġ


169 ȡڵ
Ҷͷ󺧣ȺɶղֱԭأĻ뻹հһʲôģȺҧҪжҡ
Уҵ취Ҷļ֮˷ִ磬Ļָ鵤˵ҲʮöȴԺ󣬷ʾ֭ȥʲӰ취
Ƭ̲⣬ֻ໵ͺͣͬʱһ˫Ѫ۲ϵɨҶ죬̰Ѫ֮⡣
Ǻǣ㾡ܿСүүָȡڵ壬㻹ЦЦĳҶ޺޽ȴȫȻ֪ԴԼƬɽʼ޵˼άѾ˻仰˵޵˿֮߰аԼޡ
΢쳣Ҷ첢ûвأԶźݻȡڵûԣȣҡ
˵ҶͻȻʲô֮³ΪľѰڵΪʲôҪѰҩڵأΪڵý֮ҩǿ̫࣬ҩ鵤
鵤ˣô鵤ˣҶ˷ܵһĶͷʶ̧֮ȷʵ˶ͷϣΪʵ̫ˡ
ҶͻȻ˷ܵľٶһ鶯һ£ȻĻָٶҪҶϼ֣аʱܳȬ
ҶȻץ˾ҲûбҪٺ죬ڲһȡָ鵤öС˵ǰ죬ʵûлڣȻҲ˿ڡ
ҩڣ͵ɢɢ֫ٺ֮ͬС䶯һ㣬
Ҷһ³׻ָʱ䣬⼸鵤ֻͨɫҪȬҪһʱңҶѾ㹻ˣΪֻҪָȺ֮ǰܹжԣﵽ̶ֻҪʱѡ
Ȼ˵ҶȻŵϸϸ˿ȺХѾԼʣҪ˴»Ҫķ֮һʱС
Ǻǣ㻹ǰɣһСүү϶ƤҶãһͨЦȻǣȴ֪Ҷ鵤ҶЦ˿ûо⣬ϵͺ𣬿ģ볰
һŶ
Ҷ֪Լ϶ָ֮ǰʱȡڵ׾٣һ뵽˴Ҷ͸ˣȻ֮ǰǾģǺоգܱȺȺɱ֮ȡڵҪϰٱ
ҹ޷磬еĺŨأڸ¹Ĺ⻪ֻԼһǡ
Ҷ̧ͷ޹ʱûԸⲢӰ飬Ϊҩ£ѾԵĸܵ𽥻ָѾܽӽҡ
໺
ԶȺХ֮ǰҪࡣ
ͬԽԽ˫֮з׹⣬ͺĴͣȴۣ˷¡
ɵЦһ޵ʱ򡣡Ҷ״Ц
ƺö֣Ҳ֪ΪҶ˵֮׹ʢȻǾҶԼ
ϣ㻹ͦأǹ㻹Ҫ֣ǰɱʱôȺѽҶ£϶Ⱥ֮ǰ׻ָĴ𣬾Ȼੲݵĳ
仰϶ˣԹɫƿҶһ˵Ķ״
Ҷ״Цǲϵĳ¶һһǻã׷׶
ԼʱҶһڵվĳ
״ʮ־壬û뵽ྐྵȻָѸ١
װ㵽ǼװôˣҶߵǰ£ָͣû
裬ʱ˻𣬵ʱҲָԱ֮ǰһЩ
ЫβǵΪȻȺʮ￪⣬Ѿܹ֪ǵͳġǷ׷ХΪʾŭͬʱԼġ
ҶŤͷ̽ԼȺе˴ٻҪʱ䣬Ƿ׼ȡڵ
ǲ
֮ʣݱպϺݺҧҶָʹҶ췴ӦʱȻǼ쳣ȥһƤ⡣
ָʱѪ죬ֵĻ¾ָҧϵĽ֡
ҶŭѪڣѾָָҧҶ켸κ֮δЧŭͷ㻹Ӳ
仰ݴ˿̵ʵвҶǳԼ̲סЦ
໣
ҶЦͻȻּڳһӰٶĿ죬ֱȡҶ
ҶȻ󾪣֮ǰһǾȺ֮ߵֻͣͻȻܳЫβӦþȺȽϳڵһܰͬԶԶ˦ںͷֱʱҶҲǰëΪλԼ족ԭܼ򵥣ԼµʮҶָ֮ǰҶľǼŭҶţȻȴֻڵЫβǵľԮ
֮ͨҶЩȣëĻ֮඼ҪǼʱգû˾¡
ȹ龪ȣǰбȾҪٱûдǾͻȻܳЫβѾԼǰ粻ֻҪſڱտڣԼĺͻᱻҧϡ
飡
̧۳ƣ죬ֻЫβԶԶص˳ȥײһô֮Ϸͣ¡
ղҶʹõǧһ֮ʲ̽磬ЫβҧϵͬʱƣȻֻܷӳҪɱһֻЫβȴѶȡ
Ҷ쾪ȵ鷢ˣֻЫβǱ֮ûȥҡҡλٶɴ˿Կ֮Ыβǵȷڣǰëĵս
ȻǺѾǿ֮ĩͷҲ˵ܵش
أ
ëΪص¾Ȼʧ֮Щ㵣˻ХУڷٴγ
Ҷܸᣬܵشв˭Ҳ׼Ƿһ˿
뵽Ҷϣͷ­ٲһƣױ֮ЫβȻûгͷ­ըѵĲ󣬵ǱһԾ֮ˡ
أ
ëʮַŭǶҶ죬ȴǶΪսֻЫβǣģƺʹܣȻ˿ɫ
ҩɾȣҶҡͷʵһϧ´󽫵ȻΪԷûܾԼʹȫ˴󽫾ϹƴЧҵġ
ֻɫҲǸ࣡Ҷָǳһ䣬ȻƿƤëȡôڵһš
ڵһʧ֮ʱɢֻԶ˲ȺıХҰ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ʵ벻ͨкεܣȻ˰Чҡ
ݵ֮Ҷ췢񱼣Լʵָ࣬ȻȺĶ֣ڵԵã뿪˵أΪò˶Ⱥͻ׷ɱ


170 
Ҷȫӣȴ˿ûע⵽˿飬ԽԽԶҲָٶȱͬʱԺҲͻȻһЩ
üͷ΢壬ҶЩԣԺеǺ׵ĳ֣Ƿѽ⡣
Ͳ֪ԼԻں£һ˿Ҳûͷ
ûͷֻԼĸоѣʵԴ̤ڵķԲǧﷶΧʼ㱻֮ȻӰ

Ҷ쳤һеʱѾХ֮Ѿȫ˦Ⱥ
ֺС˪ˡҶЩţ֮ʱ˪һձأѾʱȻ˪ľ͹ˡ
Ȼ𣬵ֻǳڰѣδʲôһжΪҡ
ҶȻʱʹٴγƣףǱѰһòֱӶϣϢƬи·
֮ҪϢΪԵҪȫһЩΪɽ࣬Ǵڵ棬һߴֶΣҲûڿյ
ҶбСƬ̹뻳ڵȡ˳
ӳһ׵ڵְ׺رЩ޷ݡɢŵĹâұʣϸƬҶóۣë̻ڵڵؽһƷҡ

Ҷ̾ȻؽһƷȻֻͣƾҪͻƵʦȴ̫ܡ̾ԭ򲢲Ǵ޷ֱӴﵽҪ󣬶ΪΪ˵õڵԼȥ̫ʱ䣬¾һɽֻʣ첻֮ɽʧܵĻҾͻϽɽǽʱҶûܴﵽʦĻ䲩ԶǾԲóȻɽġ
ҾҶһζɽٺпܲɹΪۺ֮ǰóȻصδû׷п˵ѾǰεĶɽܵˣĻӦòһ͵޺һС̤Լذ벽
ʣˡҶ΢΢ԥȻұƽǼɽѰڵ
ʱҵһöڵʵٶȲԶԵģǷƽڵһöȻܹҶǸˣʱܽȣ˲Щ
ԼĹ㣬ҪͻƶʦҴﵽҪöؽһƷڵʱֻʣ죬ҵܹ̻ڵʵǳǿʵ㡣
ëӣɱҶ첻бȻܹ£ӵǣˣҶתҶû׼õҩֿ֧Ǹһ۰׹ˡ
ԽҶоԽǷҪҵöؽһƷڵѣʱͲԣڻҵĻ¾͸޷Ŀˡ
ȥƽЩ˵ȥҶ֪˪ԼĵжУѾĳŵˡȻѶΪðգһ˵޿ޣǻλ˼һ£İ˵⽫һĥ
ÿյ£İϳȥп޷֮عѻҪ֡
뵽˴Ҷһᣬȡһеķӣɽж죬ʱһʱҪ԰˪֮ġ
ʱǰƮһöڵҶ˷ʱȥҶ찵¶ģֻЦѣɵӲŻװ׷Ź
ƽеԥ֮Ҷ㲻ٷ½ڵ뻳дãȻ¿׼úϢһ¡
ҶȻ鵤ָ֮ǰ׷ϱһ£ƣҹּһƬúϢ峿г
ƣǽʧߵð취οҶ챾Щ٣Ժܿı硣ȻеȻڵϳãˮƮãģ֮ǡ
峿Ҷ챻ĳ¶ѣۣȻæܣֻľд䣬ӯ̣ɫľ
Ƕǰľɫûͣ෴ģڻһȦ֮һЦΪʧ䡣
ΪҹǱڵ龰ξιȻã֮ȴͽʧ䡣
Ҷǣʰ׵г
εȡ϶УΪԶɽµĵΣΪΣǰкпٴƵɽ֮أʱҪƴǻķǲѡ֮׵·߱һ·гԼ·ٰ̺ѷתΪڵʱ̵·̻طˡ
·̵İнУܿȻأҪǰǰ֮һƽԭشԶ֧
鲼ĵطձޣⲢҶǱȥģ֮ѡΪֲïʢƽԭ֮к̶ܹܴȵļ·ת֮
½Ŀ꣬Ҷ̤г̣һ·ⲻ˰ɽˮǴƽԭԵʱѾʱ֣ܺãּߺǳ㡣
¡
ͷ΢΢ʶҶȡһöΪ伢鵤£һСӱԵϸ۲
һʵСӣֻˮ峺ףϺУҲҶʶࡣ
˫һˮ˹˵ĺȸʹ죬һ·ѾʵúˣҾǰĹ۲Ҳ֤ˮ޶򲻿ͨϺ
˽УΪ˴пбȻݷǿޣȻˮӶֶ࣬жԣһ޴޼㲻¶ЯĶܹ׵ȾһСϪ
ҶڼͨϺ֮ŸҷˮΪжЩϺ֮㲻Ҳ졣
պˮǰõĵҲʼҩЧܿĸб㲻Ա뺨˯Ҷһǿ˯Ϊʱʵ̫ˡ
¶̰һ֣ջɹʱǰһ֡
Ҷһּ֮ȥ
ԣ첻ˣԼ˰ʱ֮һǿҵѪζƮ˱С
Ҷüͷ΢壬ƸǰɱȣĿɾԲ֮ǰǾܺЫβ֮Ტ۵Ĵˡ
ǿҶϲǲΰ룬ϲǿ޺пܽƷ׵ڵĶǵͷ߸ʵЩǿڵʵ˵ֻô޵ƷӦǵؽƷϣǿĴڣҶ²׷ֵһø
֮ҲǺпҪڵõڵͬʱۣʹȴòڵ


171 ֮
ݵԥ֮ҶǰĽŲΪҪӵͽȡڵҲһ׵飬ûа׳ԵͣҪõҪĶͱҪø۵׼
Ȼ⣬Ҷ㲻˿ԥ̤ʩչ䣬ʮ￪֮ء
ȻѾ˸۵׼ǰͷһ
ûȷʵ֮ɱҲȷʵǿ޵ɱû뵽ǣֻ޾Ȼǿ˳̶ȡ
˻
Ҷ쵹һڵĵطһŸʮɵĲľȴܸ˿İȫУ֮ѡΪҪһЩѡ
ǰּʱֻܼľϵ۶ϣһ»ġǽٴˮУƬ֮Ǿ죬ܳ䵴ͬʱȫĵķ顣
ɴ˿ɼ֮ߣ֮
ֻּܿɽһǣߴһĿȻˡ
ǰһǧɵĴӣ֮ľ׽ɱ˿ˮУǹΧϿͷڵˮ˿뵽ǵŤһͼԷҶǰġǽӦþǲȫ۵ľ塣
ֻ޴ͷ­ˮ棬׷ſһ¥Ѫ໥ʾ޿ɭÿỴ̂ʱմѪ⣬ʿ֪ӶԷҧɶµĺۼ
ֻͬһ࣬Ϊǵĳƣɫһںһ֮ûͬͷ­֮Ϻź¶ĿҶ𾪵ĵط
ĿҶ쾪Ȼ֪ǷеһڼȻ֮Ҷ첻ǲľһ亹
𾪹Σ֮Ǻ档ھƣ֮Ѿ˿ûлˮĿܣ棬ǳͬľΪλụɱĸһ
֮ȴһ
Ϊ޴ˮٴηӿֱʮ֮ߣҶĹʮңһ֮¶ʱûˮףҹ֦ǿ׳ĻҶ»ᱻ֮֮ܵ֡
㰤˿ӿϯҶǱǾ޴ˮ˹˸ɢҶѾǺĿطηˡ
ȿȿȡȿȡ
Ҷ콥ӾҵĿлڱܷ֮ǳ·óһ㡣
һ˲ɥСȻӣ˿ֻƴɱ֮У˫¶ˮ϶ѪģĵطѪҺͬӿˮȻˮһƬԱȾɺɫ
ҶǺˮѹĵһ뷨ǿӣǽŲƶȴƾһŭ
⼸֮ëǣű˺üֱ𣬾֮۸˴ȻٴصޣĳЩǺ
鳤ܶЩĴ澪壡ҶߺиԼ׳˼ǸĳɷֵҲĵķŭ֪ΪΣʱ˲еľǿͺ
վҶ찵ԪΪѾٴγַͷһһͨˣҪӲܾˣ˿ˡ
ȻƬ֮˷𣬺¡¡ˮٴû쳹ذˮӿϮЯǧҶ¡

ҶХǰ˲ֳһתݵľ޴ɫͼ˵ȻȫʩΪɵİԪܡ
˷ӿߴʮɵĸ߿֮ͣһ£Ȼ£ϸЩľ˲۶ϣҶڵþΪ֮һΡ
Ҷȴδ˳Ԫܵһɲ˲Ѫһ㱣ҡҡ׹
ҺΣ
ҶٴθߺͬʱгԪܵĹâǿ֮£һɢڽӲĶһڡ
Ҷľǿʱ壬ΣȻס˾ˣȫְ߳Ԫܶ¾֮뱾壬˿ˡ
ۣ
һѪǰļޣ˵ͷҰ֣˿̵ĽֶֻѪô򵥣ȫ
к֮£ǿСӿǵõľˣ֮СպĳܷΧ֮ڣˣ仰˵Ҳǲ̫ء
֮ҶһЦȻЩƣȴʮָˣóһ鵤̷УȻٴת֮
˿̵ֻӦѾɱͷΪԾͿԿǵԽԽСŤת֮ʱˮֻܷʮɵˮˡҽٶҲԽԳ֮⡣
Ҷ쾲ۿʮɻΪʲôֻͬľҪƴɱ֮ɻΪԸɲֵֵͬ£ֻʣΪͬ塣
ֿƬ̣ͬʱҶ˼鱦֮ͨйĿļأ֮ǰںڷϸһ飬ڻܿ˴𰸡
ĿֽԣƷƷƷȣߵͷĿɫֱΪס̡졢ϡ𣬶Ӧıġ塢ƷȻƷײͣӵɽĴܣȴǣҲֻܴﵽƷٽԭ
ȻǣȴڵڵΪ֪
鱦ͨйɵķ⣬ȴ϶Ҷпܵķ˵ѪװƷӽ˵Ǿޣܾ߱߶ɵĻĹޣɵҲ֡
ȻѪͳ߹󣬵ȴһ۲۵ӣΪڳ֮ȿֺɱĸףʴĸڵĸڵԻᷢʵı仯Ŀɰתֱתʡȥ˻Ĺ̡
뵽˴Ҷ첻ɴͱĵĺǲˬ뵽Ծд˵ȶϰ֮ŭ޲óǰȥǵƤ
˻໣
Ҷŭ֮ʣֻֻԷֱİĿХҶϽԪס˫ˣͷ⼴ľ֮
ȻΪܣҶ֪ǵѾʱ̣ǸϽĿϸһ֮ͷϲȻѾƴɱȫޣһֻʣһѪγһֵѪ
Ϊһڵ趼ҧֵͬˣ๼Ҷ쵽ڷ·ƴɱԵʣضΪ̰ͼԷڵɡ
Ҷ˵ʱҲûţռϷļ̵ԷڵȻ׽ԷֱӴӶԷ˿ڴ̽ͷ룬ֱȡߴ硣
ߴţҲ⣬ҵɵǽߴ統С
ռƵļֱȡߴڵȴ˱ѾһԻᣬֻ͵ſѪڣŶԷ̰ͼԼڵ֮ʾȻҧ˶Էߴ磬һһкСɫڵ㱻˸С
ԭռƵԶʱһȻȥһҲ͵ҧϣ̵ֻһȻڵҧ롣
һԳʹ֮¿˦壬˶֮£ǰֻ˰ڵѾ׹Уϸߵ˻
ֱɱһǱˮζȥںһѪ
ȻӮɱ֮Σƴ˷ȥҵطȥˡ
⾪Ķǵľ֮Ҷƽ飬ּȥ
ǸҪ̧ţǰ֮һԲɢ̹âȴ˲ʱŲͣͣҲ޷ֺ
ڵ


172 
еһԲ״м䴦ƿԵĺۼβ룬ҧ£ɫ̣ɢİĹâһֱĸо
ڵôҶЩŵĿеڵôҲ벻ԼûȾָڵȻȫѹ
˻˻˻
ϢƴȫۿɼĹǲڵƮɢ˿˿ƣϸ΢졣
Ҷ״Ͻ̷£Ϊڵ⵽ƻйò˶þͻݽߣʱûûʲôˡ
ڵȻҧɵֻʣһ룬Ȼܴ󣬱Ҷ֮ǰõڵҪ࣬˵̺֮㡣
ȻڵܴͷֻҪǴͷľһ̺Ϊ
ڵ븹ԭʱֱо˲ͬǧı׶Լ켫͵ͷҶ֫ٺ

Ҷ⧲͵̼֮һǸоȫӲʿ֪ڵ֮ѪҺܵӰ죬ʼ̡
ôҶȻ󾪣֮ԻűǿһѪѪҺ̣Ǵľ
֮ǰҲηڵȻҲĥǵһηΪ֮ǰҲֻǶԾ֮ķʹҲɴ˶ڵȻֱѪҺΣտǷǳ޴ġ
غҶ첻Ҵ⣬æתԪ鲼ͼѪҺ֮ЧϢ
Ϣһ֮ڱ㷢ȵ죬ҶԺȴͬը죬Ŀѡ
Ȼܴ󣬵ԪȴûκãϢײֻɲǱʧѪҺ̡
״˿̣ҶüͷƤѾһ㺮˪˼άҲʼج
ܸоѪҺѾ֮꣬ʱѪܣһĵʹӿϮ
ʹĺʱʹ̼֮Ҷ΢ѣֻ˫ĿȻоһƱ̹
Ѽ֮Ҷҧ⣬֮ΪԼѣΪ֪ܿͻӦѪҺʹУʱͻľ״̬ò˶þͻ
ô֮ܽȥأ
Ҷ켱Ժ˼ƽİ취תۼó˴𰸣ȻԪУôԣһͬͬԪĴȡڣڶ⣬һпܻѪҺе֮пơ
ˣҶ̴ңܵʶٻһ͵ХգۼϢһ
ҶҧأѾܾʹ׼ȴûгǰ֮ȻǺģڻ۵һ֮Ȼʼںϣ֮ѪҺҲʼ״̬⿪

Ҷ쳤һڴǰԪ֮ײȻһۣں֮е飬ֻΪλɢͲö֪ˡ
Ҷüһᣬϸ֮·˴𰸡ʱԪ಻ͬڽ֮Ϳʼת䣬ʱܹͬɢҵĹɡ
ͨ˵ҶĿȻڿٵɢԲҴ⣬ΪԱϾǻĹ֣ڵǷʲô˭Ҳұ֤
˻˻˻
ɢϸ΢죬תȫ֮󽥽ңҷֻһִ塣
ҷֻ˳׾ٵıԪ˹ּƵȶУҶǳԵĸоһǿܹܵԪҲԽԽ졣
һڽԴٶò˶ñͻơ
Ҳ֪ڵǺƷףǿҪﵽװɣʹֻһҲӦڵؽƷҡҶ΢˷ܣԴ
˷ܵͬʱȴְſϧΪöڵҧȥһ벻˵֮ʧ˺ܶˣƾֱӵĶʦ綨׾١
뷨һֱѸϧתΪգԺɶ񣬰Լûмʱöڵ
ԣ̰ġ
Ҷ˵ҡҡͷ˼ԼİǴģΪҪʴԷڵĻƾʵ˰öڵ޷õңڵֻʣһ룬ڵ³ѾѪҺ̶ˡöڵ֮֮ǿοġģԵ̰϶ʹҶֱö̷ǽ¾˲䶳С
˼ʱñ죬֪ǰöڵѾմҶʶ̽飬뿴Ƿ㣬һ֮üͷȴǴ
Ϊ۴Ȼң
ڶôҶ˷쳣¾Ȼ˲һ㼦Ƥ
ȻڶҾֵ˷ܣΪӵһҵѾԽɱôҵһʦսʦӦȫ¡
ڶҵĳֺͻȻҶ˷˺óʱ䣬ֱڵɢûܴӾ޴˷л
ϸĴŵڶңֻڶҽ֮һҪС࣬ȴ޵һҸոγʱƮɢ֮״ǿڵֱӽǿһĵزҺ͵һͬһϸӵ
Ҷϲڶҵгͻһףй֮޲
֪Ԫˡ
ֹһҶƶ̤ʩչת˲ӵʮɿ⡣
ǰһʯɫףΪʯʯͷͨʯͷҪӲܶ࣬;ͨ°֮Ϊӵвܸʴѹĥԣɴ˽İҺǼ̣ڵʴҲ˿
Ҷ˵ȻΪѡ񽨲ģΪ֤ԼʵΪ˵ʯʦǿߵȫһ顣
ˣҶԾԾԣ֮һȭӳ
飡
УʯмɣҶûѧȫһ֮£Ǿ޴ʯ˲飬ɽȥʯмǶľС
״Ҷͷǹһ˿Цݡ
Ȼƾ֮ǰʵҲԻʯǾ˴ݣɴ˿ɼȷʵѾͻƣҺпͻƵ˶ʦڡ
Ϊ˾֤ҶٴαĿԪ񶯣кܿ˶ۡ
ʦ綨ÿһǳͻ֮ȻȻܹĸоı仯ȻҶͻƵĹ֮̽Ҫ࣬Ǿ񶯹֮ǷȵԪȴ˵ѡ
ȷʵѾﵽ˶ʦڣʦһ֮ң
ңһ׾ͿɿΪڵֻʱԽͻơ
뵽˴ҶϲʤǸɼðʦ֮¿»ͻƵʱ

Ҷʰһ飬һ·ۣϷҡڻط;УڴϾҪرչǳս


173 һ
һ·ۣ޻ڶʱ֣Ҷ찲Ȼҡ
֮ûȥ䲩ԶǱϲҵ˪Ϊߴ˿̾ԴڶԼĵ֮С
Ҷȥ˪סǲδˣתһ۷Լס˪ȻУɫʮֽǡ
Ҷط˪˲ǰ˫ֻסҶ죬ŭȥĶˣ֪֪жൣ㣿
ҶŵЩḧ˪㷢С˪Բ𣬺㵣ˡ
ŵ㡣˪˻ķǵ˵
ǺǣǹҶЦ
㡣˪תشߣʵôȥôã
֮ûѯҶǷΪ֮ȥ֮ʱ˼־
С˪ѾﵽʦˣҶ첢ûлشǰߵ⣬ȰԼϲˡ
ѽ̫ˣҶ˪֮Ҷÿһʵرˣȵ˶Ҫϲ֡
Ц˹ҶҲǫãһ⣬ǰҪЩǫѷ
֪𣿡˪ʡ
ûأһûȥأһˡҶЦ
У˪С죬ٺҶ̧ܣһȥϢߵɡ
ҶͷЯǰ䲩Զۡ
ʵ˪֮żϲѶ߸ԭһø׸ˣһֻռ㡣ǴΪҶԺ޲ѸȫԼж㣬⼸ŮӵĹԡ
ܿ죬˳䲩Զ鷿У˿䲩Զڷ鼮˵¶ϲɫ˽Ҷ죬Ҷ֮ԹȻΪѾﵽĿģ֮ҶѾ̤˶ʦڣߡ
䲩ԶϵϲɫܿΪ漴뵽֮ǰҶԼҲζҶ콫Ҫټա
塣ҶЦʺá
䲩ԶӦһ˼
һҪȥҶȻ֪䲩Զʲôڿ˼βҶΪҵðա
䲩Զ̧ۿҶ죬ɫƬ֮ǰ롣
ǰѾˡ䲩ԶǸϵˣ֮ǰ뷨ֱ⡣
Ҷ¶ȣû뵽ҾȻɽٱֱǰ⾪ֻƬ̱ɢΪҴ˾ٺ壬ֱ
Ϊ֮Ѱɽ֮أȴǵҲֻѣ޵ڶֽ֡
ɽʧܱ׻˻߶ɽٳɹ֪پͲһˣĻѰճ̶ȡ
˭ȥģҶʵ
ԳɽTͷйͬһƮûвͲ֪ˡ䲩Զɫ֣ؼɻĵľûʵĸߣҶǱв
ǺǣƻСҶ첻Ϊ⣬仰Ƿ̣ΪˣҿνǼ㾡ȫΪеľֻʣһϹ۵ˡ
С졭
İ壬зִġҶ䲩ԶĻ֪䲩ԶҪ˵ʲô
䲩Զüͷ΢壬ĵľҶΪĳ޶ӲƴĻԲֵô
ǲر𣿡˪ԣǵҶ졣
ԣ䲩ԶҶ׷ҡͷʵȻѰرңǲðնеģرȻˣǸһ˵Ȼ㲻Ҫ
˪״ԽģʣȴͻȻը죬вɻ¡
䲩ԶҶһۣΪɽǰˣ
԰գ˿ӳݣңңֻ֮ᣬһ޴Ȼ֣еܶһ޴ޱȵƶ
ôҶ쾪ʡ
䲩Զҡͷ鼫Ϊأǰɽٵ״û˵ȴףϴζɽٵʱ޷׻ָ֮ζɽٵĽ·һ
ȷұ㼫пռȻر
²˳٣϶ҶӶݵľлѣӣȥ
ţ䲩ԶסҶļ֣صҴһȥ
ҶͣסŲƬ̹˵ͷʵμΪյг䲩ʯ䲩磬ˣ䲩ԶͲȥ
Ҷͬ⣬䲩ԶԸаȣ˵ʵԵˣӦû̫⡣ҲӦòΪһƮرͷϳϹ۵յ֮ƣӦ򡣿ǼȻΪλҪأҹҲûʲôô
ǡ
С죡
䲩ԶͻȻͨĹؼǳ֮ʱҶȻ١
ȷյ֮Уǳ֮ΪյУиΪ׼ȷԱȻ϶䲩Զ˼ԹʲֻϹ۵䲩Զﻹ򣬵ʵ˿ӦѾȻԵһͬɽˣ
ãûȫ䲩ԶȻ󾪣ΪĴڣҶ˾ǵĶ֣ڲ֮󼴿ɴݻȡرط֮ر֮׵Ĺңҵʱ򼴱ԷرԼҲ˫ȭѵ֣ұɣ
뵽䲩Զȫֻ׷Ҷ죬رһ²ȷ̫࣬Ҳ޲ɣҶ䲩ʯ䲩Ǳһټ
䲩ԶۣϾѧҶסʱҶ첢УңҺۼԣȻҶѾʰ׵Ϊ·ͻȻδڲŻҡ
һĻ䲩Զ˲˰أҶٶ˿Ѿ䲩ʯˣҶȥ
Ѿµ˽֣䲩ԶԾǰ䲩ʯ֮ۡ󣬸֮ۡˣѯʹش䲩ʯҶ䲩ȥˡ
˴˿̣䲩κ̸ͣϳ԰֣򶫿ӡʱͷһϣΪҶѧ䲩ʯȴûУԻлǽɽ֮ǰ֮¡
һ·׷ǰʣĿﻹаӰ
һɽɾʲôˣ䲩ԶͷױΪɽƴǳҶֺС·ʱҪѰӰĿܼΪ㣬Ҳ뿪ңΪҿ֮ѾȥߣңǼҲ׽֮ơ
Լһʱ䲩ԶѰ޹ڴɥط˷ƣѾһǰΣյС̲ҼеģֻҶٴ漣ˡ
ͬһʱ̣Ҷ졢䲩ʯ䲩ɽɽ·֮䣬ɽϮ졣
Ǳˣ䲩ʯֶָֻ̽ңǧɵĶɽ֮ԼֳӰ
ԡT桢֡䲩Ŀϸš
Ǻǣ·ֻ꣬ϧ
Ҷ˵һХ̤ʩչֱɽۡ
ɽ˼ǾѵڣҪģǽڴˣ


174 ׷
Ҷӣ̤ԪĴ߳·ӵ£֮ڶɽ¡
ԣվڣҶʱͣߺߺΪ˿ԣļŭԷ¶Է롣
ȻʵҲ֤Ҷ뷨ȷȷʵŭƿڴġΪɽ۷ԺҶ첢δ塣
ǰҶٶƣͬʱɽӽ
ɽ֮Ϳɽ۵ˣҶ첻ϳԣȴҲûߵĻȻԲǷ£ΪԪֻ֮߳ģȫ
ԣûлĿԾֻʣ֡
һҶɽһɽΪ˲¶λá
ȻӶݡ
˼ǣҶٶȲδͬʱѾɽĸ߶ȡ
ɽ岢ߣֻжɣҶܿеɽ۽ǰ֮ͬʱҲ϶Ȼߡ
ΪôǱűɱҶ֮ģûҪ˷ͬʱеգңĻƴҲӦôɱҶĻᣬҶɽʱϳݴ͡ΪʵξҪҶǰͣ٣ɼһϵ˰ɽڰɽʱӦûһڣʱҲǳֵĺʱûôǾ˵Ӳƴ֮Ѿӡ
˿ҶѾɽ֮ϣĿĹˣȻԼһԵѾȥ
Ƭ̹䲩ʯ䲩Ҳ˴ǶչԱҶ˦һξ롣
̵ģأ䲩ʯûܺƴһʮơ
С죬ԺҪ嶯񲻵ͬڹգ䲩粢ԵǷӣɫ֣صҶ
ģзִģǺǡҶЦǿȥģΪǲЦЩ䲩ӣʵ֮Ըô޼ȷʵΪеס
ҲС䲩ЩãõȻҶţҶյľٶ
ԣ˸ӣ
Ҷ䲩Щжʱ䲩ʯȴͻȻָһ֣ң
Ҷ䲩ѭȥֻԼһ￪мӰٴԵˡ
䲩ʯ쵨㰡ĪΪҶڲŸ˷ôּ䴫Ե仰ʮֶ񶾣䲩ʯԱ֮ˣƱضܵӰ죬жҶҡ
һĴ󺺣ҪСŸſ񣬵Ƿˣ
䲩ʯûüԵĵڶ䳰ȻСʹ䲩ʯȻŭʵȻ㲻öߣƽûɹǺٻ¶Ե֮Żŭ쳣ҺСԱ֮ĻԵܿѾЧ
T棬ظһ㣬ѵվ˵ôҶ䲩ʯŭǸʮ
ҶԪʮǂTȻܹȴδػ
Ҷ״ٶȸߺT棬ֺҴսһͷԵĹ
Ҷ仰ûԵɣ䲩ʯ䲩֮üǲ⡣
ҶӹȻ˼ˣ
ԶУT˳ƣӦδͣ˵طˡ
T仰Ȼûֱӳϣȴ֤Ҷ˼Ȼ֮ǰǼ仰ǂT˵ģǸԳװʵ֮У䲩ʯִȱĻ͡çܹĻ񶾵֮
ɶë£԰䲩ʯһͷˮԽԽɡ
Ҷ쵭ЦԿ⣬䲩ʯ䲩Ȼ
ߣȥԶˡ֮䲩ӶΣԵ˵ķȥҶ䲩ʯһۣٸϡ
ԵѭǰУҶǺܿ͸˷򣬲ÿʧȥĿʱԾͻԽһҶ΢΢ɡ
ԣĸҲҺһսﰡ䲩ʯĻԵĽѾȻŭ֮ǰΪ׷Ѿã̲ס

ֻЦЦԱա
ȵȡҶͻȻʾͣü壬㲻ô
ȷܾǺʲôȦһ㡣䲩ͷӦ
ûԸΪȥʲôطûҪƵҶ
ѵĳ䲩üּ֦ҶڵߣԲܿȥ̫Զ
ʲôӷǻԵĹƤ䲩ʯŭδۣһѾŻ֮¶졣
䲩״ʮΣϸİĴ磬ҶߴĿĹͼŪǰλá
֮ǰȥɽ֮أȫԲԵ˶ֱǰǺܲɵǣǰɽ֮صıؾ֮·ϡ
գҶƮ£䲩򵥵˵ٴ·εٶȴ˼֣ǰȰźõĻǾûҪ׷ˣΪԿ϶š
һ·޻ֱڶ磬ҶٴμԵ˵Ӱ
˿̵ĵصѾɽ֮زȫòһܵ˽ˡ
Ҷ죬СӺͻ㣡Ըֶš
Ҷüָ֮ǰС׳ɱѰ𡢺ڷկ֮УЩҶзݲ룬ҲûܳɹԲŻдһ˵
ԣѽѽѧӤôô˵Ҫ˽̣ҶɫתΪӡ
֮ǰĽԺ䲩ʯ֮չ԰ճ˵ףԵһƵӦ䲩ʯŶԣûУ޵Ҷ죬ӵ˵֮ǰ䲩ʯʩƣûӣ֮ǰǂTΪ
ɫ࣬Ȼ֪ҶӂTн軰Ϊ
ҶӣںڷڵʱЩ飬ǽֻԸң֣ǲΪ㣬һлTﱿ׾޷Ҷ춷죬Ǳ㡰ͦЦԡ
ҶشTĻʱ䲩ͻȻ
С죬ϲɿ⵱һʦ綨֮ˡ
Ҷ֮ǰδע⣬¿ʼϸ֪䲩˵ȻûҲֻʦ綨ѾﵽΡ
壬䱸һ춯̳롣ҶӦ
أ
̤ӲƴκҲá
䲩û˵Ҷ˵ʵ̤֮£ԱӦ¡
TҶ䲩ɫ죬ֶ֪ԲߣǸϽԴϣǺǣҶӿǵôˣ
ҶĻش򵥶ֹϣҿү


175 
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T仰֮סˣӡҶ¹ĻԴʮֽ񣬼ͺֻɫҲδŻǿںڷկʱнƣΪľ䲩ʯҶɶҶȴ޷粵ΪʵȻʱ˼ǵȷȷֽ˺ӡ
ΪҶε䲩ʯ˽ͣû뵽߾Ȼͷôһ䡣
гĬƬ̣ʵϲֻǂT棬йӺ䲩ʯͷΪ֮һ䲩ȫķеûзӦһֻ¶һŴ
ȿȡTʮΣԣǷҶ̸
仰ʵúƽҲʲôҶȴŭΪţ˼ҶҲʧ̬ʮֱơԵǾ仰ʵ˼ʵڴߴԶ֡
Ҷ֮ԻôΪѾ͂TνȻЩĻȴһܴëǾܰǰ԰ڣҶ첻úҶ조̸һʾԼĻǸ֮ա
ҫ׼ҫʱ򱻱ȥһʮʹ飬ԂT⵽Ҷ֮ʮַŭ޲ɱҶ졣ǰŷֻίߴˡ
ϵܣ˰ɣòӦöԷɣȻûʲôҪҶ̸ģTĻֱ֮⡣ǲڰ֮
ã䣡Ҷ찵ؾһ䣬ôǵɾΣˡ
䣡䲩˵ͬĻ
壬ߣ죡Ҷߴٵ
У㲻ܡ䲩񶨵ĺܸɴࡣ
ҶûۣΪ˵ͬʱTͷйӶжǰ߿ʮɣƮʮɣʰΧ֮վ
ǵİΧȦԵҶ죬Ҳˣ䲩ȻҲ˷йչŻѡΪҶһ˸޷ӦȻĻᶼã
Ҷ죬û뵽
Ҷ䲩绥ʱּһӰݾCˬʣʮָǰʧ䡣
䣬û뵽㻹ţҶѧĿǻһ䡣
˶ϲװģԽС֮˾ԽϲڳǰڳһݵģҶҲץסһͲװǻƵĻᣬһ仰ֱӾԭα¶
С֣ͷſ񣡡ҶĻأԹЦݶʱӲӦƬ֮Ȼԭα¶ֱӿ
Ǻǣ̫ءҶһҲΪԽͻԽ
ŭһӶֱҶ
ģͽҽҪŻ䶯ͬʱ䲩ʯҲŭһŻ󵶣ϡ
ֲ㣡䲻мȣһƣԪӰֱȡ䲩ʯ
䲩ʯȻ³çǶԵȴ⣬乥Ƶһ˦ĵΪǰһ˲仮ն
ӰײеɢӰԾɹ䲩ʯ
䲩ʯǶʦڵʵں֮ǰѾͻƵʦ綨һ֮¸ߵԣȻ಻ر󣬵䲩ʯеѾǰ
俴һмЦҶظ
ģСӣ䲩ʯŭһӵǲӰɢ֮ٴγ֡
ҿţһȻ鴫T赽䲩ʯǰЦڡ
䲩ʯʱµţ䵶׺нŻ󵶵صԵĵ£ѾܾûùˣմӂTĿٶ˵ڳ
ӹˣ䲩ʯȻмƣ˫ۺҪһ㣬Ȼһƿ˂T棬ֱԹȥ
Ҷüͷ壬ƵĹƣͷвãΪɱܹ֮ʤ̫࣬෴ĻᵼԼɥͬ٣䲩ʯʹһ֮Сǡ
䲩ʯĲǂT⼤ģڼǰм֮һЦӺ󷽹ͼԼ䲩ʯӶٶȽ
ν˳ɻ䲩ʯѣҶ䲩ʧȥĿɾͲֻһʦˡ
磬˻䲩˿ѾͷйӶһ״ͷ󾪣غ
䲩ʯѱŭﻹܵЩٴα˂T֮Ժ
Ҷ찵вãԱм֣һȴTгֵѹɫ䲩ʯȴƫƫǰȥսսпԼսţʱ򼺷ƿɾ͸ֹˡ
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ͬǾŻ󵶵Ҷ켱æͷȥ֪ʹʲôֶΣ˿ѾϷƵĳһѵкڻԵľŻ󵶡
T棬ȥǱߡ֮ǲ˂T棬䲩ʯмĵʮǰѾҵĺڻˣվȻս
ƨҾ㿴̻䲩ʯܸǲʵʱֻһССͷ죬ʱõҲѵȴֻڻսʤ䲩ʯ֮żϵģ衣
̻ܲˣƾˢҲ̻ԴЦѣ֮Ա
ݵſҵ㣬ǽҵ֮ս䲩ʯĺӣѪڳʧܡһսԴжһ͵ͷѵ֮ǰȷʵн̻һ⡰̻ǺȥģȻȥֹۣһֱиǷĶģ֮һҪһ͵ͷ
⡰֣ľġ
֤˰ɣؿɲǱԣʧɱ㣡ԺٺЦʮֲм
ޣϻ˵䲩ʯһڣߺʹǰ󵶵ʽԹȥ
ţδͷȵ
䲩ʯԸ֮ΣСеվԸȵ裬˾ֱ˵
£һĲ˼飬Ц˼ɫͻȻתΪ֣أ;֤ˣĻǾûˡ֣
䲩ʯһҲ¶֣أԵ˼ԣ˽Ȼó˳ŶıôԾͼĶԾ˭ǿ˭ϼ
סֻ֣ڳǵѣҶƾ֤Ժ䲩ʯϷʤϼ£ֹס˳еĴ򶷣ĿĹˣࡣ
Դд㵣֮ʲôĵԼǲ֪ȴ˽һ㣬Ǿǿᰮе͹еë
ԣӶ磡T״ƣа԰ʮǧ飬ֱΧɱľӲɵˡ


176 ɵ
ԵĻ֮󣬷й䲩磬ƮȻʮɣ
˿ںҶ켤Դһüͷ壬бƳһۣǰڼ£Ҳֻܷ޷˵һԣȻԸ
䣬TҪĶ࣬ʵҪԸٱ֪Ҷ֮ܣǵĻʲôʡǼȻ˵ˣҲֻ˳ˮۣЦΪľǵյԼ;ʵҡ
ڂTĻԲмЦһͲȥиëǶͶʮӣǂT淮ֻ䣬ıļƻѧһʦʦʦ֮ͨͨ
һҶжţǲʮţΪұϾҲһָûĵֶΣôܰѼҵô
ǽһҶˣԸղŶԂT֮ԱǵǸ飬˵T棬ŵ˵Ҷ춼ЩߡΪԸղŵıʵǰѡм쾡£ұз·𻹼д˵ʲô
뵽ҶתͷT濴ȥȻֻT۽ͳһ£ڸоҶĿ֮˲ָƽ
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ΧŹɵͻҶ췽Ȼкô
Ҷ䲩һۣЦ׷ӵ䲩ʯʮɿ⣬Բ
Ƕ˵һǳϵļ֤ߵݣԺ⣬Ȼת򼺷ˣ˺ʮɡ
йӱûʲôTȴ¶֮ʮվ
ģʲô⣬֪أûôõƢĻСһ䣬ȥ
ȻܴϾҲʦڣʵǿö˵ĿҲǲڻ£Ȼβûѡ䲻ȂT棬Ҳʦ綨ԶٻǻһӣҲһѡ
ޣɵû֨仹ͣվ֮ǵһ䣬Ȼмһڡ
¿ŭԣֻüëһ֮ͬʱͻȻУǂT˵ǣƬ̣óҶٽʬβ١
Ժ䲻֣TɲһȻҲԵΪǳȰ档ȻΪңΪԼΪԺʵ൱˶ܾˣʲôȥԸң֮ԸҾζʧȥرʸ
̱ǣҵʱҲģ䲩˼Ϊ磬Ȼ˶߼ϸ΢ķӦǸϽץסᣬ
˵ķݣʲô䱾ͻδһ֮ŭ䲩ΪɢҲʲôʵȨԼȣλһ֣쾹Ȼָֻţܲŭ
ҲǸԸŭˣŭɶ֮±ǰ֡
T״ͷϲ䲩ɷ䶯ֻ֣ҪǶ˶ϣҶӲܣΪ䲩ʵεĲࡣ
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ʱٴ˾˵ľٶֻǰмм䣬Իӣ˵ˣͶԾҪ֦ҵļϷȻԻ
TЩɫ࣬˵ԣȻңвգҲһԱ
ĵ;СʵֱͶأҶ춼̲סˣԼֱһɵȱ
ȥģֺϷҲûã֮󣬱Ƕڣ˿ûҶĳЦȻ⣬ʮֲ
¸㿪ʼ䲩ʯȻ³çǱԴ֣״ϽԴߴ٣ٳʡ
ŶֽɫתΪ֣أڵͶԣԾһʮ飬ֻٶԣᵶָָ̽һѪۣͬʱ뵶
ν뵶ʵϼΪѪ϶Ϳڵûֻ³ȨԾѪ档
֣أ䲩ʯȻҲӣϾҲһָͣͬ뵶
뵶ϣ޳ɣȭһɱһ
ǺڻشʮǵӶ֮ʻ磬ʮֲ
䲩ԶĽ̻ҲͨΪˮڻҪʮÿն֮ᷢ
ߵĶǴ󿪴ϵ·ӣײ죬ûзأѹˡ

һڻƿնһİ⼤
С䲩ʯһӭϣֵӣͬһɫʳʮҫۡ
飡
ײƺΪ֮˺ѣУһӿֶ
˲Ҵ⣬ϽԪ˳ϵķ졣
Ԫ֣Χľֲɾˣ֮£֮ڵľ۶ϣ涼һĳ
ν˼ۺ죬˶Ի֮׷˿ûվȣ㶼ٴ϶һ
䲩ʯʵҶһڶʦڣձԵһףžĽУ󽥽ʼ¶
ĵѧȷʵԾտһЩȻʵڶԷƾԵ⻹ܹסȶľ棬һǧ
ʲõõңȻо䲩ʯڵϵ裬ʮǰǴξʤЩսû뵽߾Ȼ׷϶ϣѾǿԼͷ
ŽնԿһȻʵ䲩ʯ֮ϣǼȻǵ;Ȼʹѧǵ۵ҲȷʵЩûף˼ֻܼ֮Уͼһٻɱߡ
ȵľУ䲩ʯǴȣͬʱַ۳ֵڵһǽ̻㼱ת֮䣬һתͬԲ̵ĵֶ
Բ̵ԽתԽ󣬶䲩ʯƵӶ¾ȻһΪΪģֻƬ̣оŵԲ̵Χ˺ѿƷǷ
û֣ԸľŽն㹻ˣ䲩ʯѳɣɫʮ˷ܣʮ֮µ˵רΪŽնĿ֮
һ٣ԲûΪڷƵĹУ޹ⲻ˷ɢ
һٺǰȻһֹĵɣ졣
ɾŽٴƣҸͲмڳִϣ䲩ʯ⾪ŽնϤѧоŽ٣ÿһٶ۳һ޴ĵǰԼƳɱУҲԼۻŽɣǰһɾŵ޴ѻĵʱٳǾŽն


177 ܾ
ǰĵݣ֮Ȼݣ·ҪѶԲ̵ƴһ
ķƨбͳ壡䲩ʯ֮ʮַŭ⾪ŽնۻĹֻ壬ô׾ͱϡ
˵䣬ڶȻ֣ղŷ䲩ʯ죬ڶڵһԲʲôͻƣơ
üͷ壬ס񣬲ٷ˵
۵ĴΪֱ壬û뵽ȻʹĵֶΡTЦڣС֮ĶȾ֮Ϊ䲩ʯǹ⳰յԷ
䲩ʯԴŭ֮ǰȻг֮ģȴû뵽Եĵƻ˶ܵӰ졣
ܵӰѳʵ䲩ʯȻбȴҲ޷粵
T棬⻰ֲ˵ɣ䲩ɫ࣬԰ǻ
ŶΪΣ˻±˵ôTǸ顣
Ϊڷկңںڷկͷʱ򲻵ûƴЧңͶУռūкβ𣿺Ǻǣû뵽㾹Ȼ֪ܵ⳰ˣ䲩绹Աġ
б¾ûһ˵ֵ¼£㡭
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䲩绹˵ȴ䲩ʯϣȻûЂT˵С֮ģϾȷʵӰ쵽ԵĵƣڵͶԾ˵ǱƣĻ˼˶죬ֻܹʲôطΪһһ㲹򼴱ʤҲʤ֮ɡ
ԣӰڶûܴɣҸһ½ƵĻᡣ䲩ʯ˵
ɫһ䲩ʯȻ׷ƽȴ˵˵Զʱֻŭ
ǷƨõãԱϾӱңȻٻδɣȴ̲סڽһ䡣
䲩ʯĻ˲òడ䲩ʯԽԽڣTٲһ롣
㣡䲩ʯڲڵ;УԻ˵ǰȥтTĩ
󲮣ƣҶڣ˵֮һۂT棬Цң㼸ԳΪĲķôһԾھռƣǺǣͶ֮ҵ¿ɼֻˡ޶ۣһҲ̫ף֪ɷԵ
T۽΢΢鶯һ£Ҷл˵ض
ʵTҲ֪ʣĻôҶ֮⣬ҶȰ䲩ʯ˵˳ǿҺͶִ֮ҵģһдĿľͺԲˡ
֪ҸʲôôȻõ˫ȫ֮˸ĳҶЦ
Ҷ˵գδT濪ڣǱȻüͷ
ȷʵûTôӵ֮ǂTΪҪôľ
ѵͼıңа˼˂Tһۡ
ҶӹȻļƣǳ˲¹ͷTȻԵı飬Ҳڽ͡
ǺǣͶȻԶءҶЦŹ֡
TһҶ죬Ҳ֪ҶļƲֵʲôôֻԽ˵Խ»ǴԵĻɲҪ
҂T桭
סڣȻŵù㣬һжȾ֮ᡣѴӂTջĿ⣬˿̿һۡ
ԵÂTʮֲãǰȻ˵úֳ֮˼ҲԲһסڡѾѲκչֵ쾡ˡ
ԣƷ
ʱ䲩ʯͻȻߺѣͬʱһԲ̵תϮʮֲ
䲩ʯ˾ٵȻ͵Ϯ˵ʱɵĵĽֱӰ죬ԾĵƣʩչҲѡ
Բ̵˺ѿ죬ͬʱڵ̫ŵĹ켣ϺȻһɵۡ
飡
գ֮Բ̵ۻĵײһԵǰɢ١
ңǿ飬Ŀʮֱ塣
ǵͶԾֻƽһսʮǰ㾪Žն֮£ʱûСһԆ¡䲩ʯ˵ٴ۳һԲ̵֮ǰģ˼ҲԣʮǰڴɵľŽն֮£ҪʤôȻҲҪʤڴɵľŽն֮ϡ
û˵Ϊ䲩ʯΣĵɢΨһѡ
뵽ԽڻǰٴηŽնոմ߶ԪȴͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬޹˵ĪҪķ
⻰Ȼ˵TãT֮ҲûлӦֻɫƲסһ˿ݣаԣƥ򣬴ȡرƤ
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Ȼһǰ֮ĵƱ֮֮ǰҪǿ˼֡
䲩ʯĿЩȣ֮սڽ졣
ڶ٣ٴηӽɵĵǰһ֮ϡ
٣
Ľ٣

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ھŽ֮ʱԵǰȻ˾ŵ޴һַܹԲʮɷΧĵȻ֣֮ϲϴ죬ƺΪ֮Ť
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ͫһӻǾ޴ͬǵذԲ̵
ŽնĵȻȴ֮Գ״Ϊõ޴ֻҪ򣬺ԾֱӱնΪΡ
̡
ֿ͵ԽԽ֮ľ˲ʱΪ촷ۣǱ磬мĿܵѹҲ̶һ֮£ɷָ£С
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֮£˷׷׼ˣҶͷйʩչѧθ߶ܡ
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ֹͬĴ̶ٴſֻ޴ڶλãͷǵأԲ̵תٶǳЩļ
ãҶڰգԿʮȻȥڽֲݣʵʸѾɼΪûбԲ̵飬෴ģԲ̵ڵѹ֮ԽԽķѾʮԵʾ䲩ʯİܾ֡


178 
壡ƻطɽڲûգ
ȻɲĿӰҶ䲩ʯĴλø˽ǰԸ֪Իƴһ˿
ǣ
Բ̵ڻֳ壬¶ƴѾֻǵĵƣΪֵԵʣѾҪϴ߷Ԫάˡ
ñͲռƵ䲩ʯӲΪԱϾѾʦ綨Ԫƿس̶Ͼǿ䲩ʯ
ǡ
Ǵ̶֪Ҷĺײľû䲩ʯ˵֮·ûдκλӦ
䲩磬
T棬Ͷü
Ҷ콹ͬʱ󷽾Ȼȴ˺ǂT䲩ǂTѾ䲩綯֡
ãȥ󲮺ͲΣӣҶüͷ壬䲩ʯܾѶ䲩ȻܳһᣬҲǂTĶ֣仹û֣ٳĻ䲩һʱ䶼ֲ
ס㣡Ҷڶݵԥ֮˾Ȼ䲩ʯҲҪǾ䲩ա
ԭжһ䲩ʯԲֻǵɱ֮漰;䲩ʯԲ˲ģҶִ֣Ʋﲻ䲩ʯһЩʵ䷴ľٶ
䲩ʵǲգƂTڽ֮ԥĽĿת䲩ʯΪTûô˼ɣԿʮĵͶԾڂT˵壬ĿǽҶ˾ɱǡǡҲǴ⣬ʱͷǣҶ죬TɴݵĽڽе䲩ʯնɱ
뵽Ҷǲԥһڣ䲩緽
Ҷšйӵ˳ҳһƮݵ͸Ҷǰ
Ҷͫ΢ɱ⸡Ҳɱ㡣
ҶӶˣҲҶӾˣһйɫ֡
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˭ȵ䲩ڱ˭ӮôôйӼҶıԣǳ༤ȻѡʱҶҲǾ˼ģΪ˿䲩Σ֮УҶȻȫʩչǰʱı˵ʤǺˮֵʤ
Ҷ첻ٶԣƺХֲΪǰߵļŭԷʱ֦ڡ
Ҷƺ飬ʮʮʮ־޴δһɾѾӶ
Ҷӣ˵ɱҲ£ҪڶʱɱҿɾûôˡйɫڣѧΪˮ޺ۣʩչ糾ҶղŵһȻûлĿ꣬ΪƼľ£Ѿ糾Ʈʮ֮⡣
Ҫɱ㣬ӣҶվȻԷľôһʱҲôҪǿһӦԵˮ޺۵Ĳԣ̵ʱڽ֡
ɱҲǴ󻰣ӣһʱ֮ڳСй࣬˿ζ
֪˵ʱͲþҲô鷳Ҷüͷ΢壬лһţΪ·䲩ĺ䣬㱳ﵱҽضȡ׼Ż
Ȼ֣ΣӣҶ찵вµ᧿ΣƫƫԼйӲסǽͷöԼܼʱһ䲩ʯ䲩ɥԼȻĴߣҾԽһ֮С
Ҷӣȹҵҷ֪ͼ֮ˣֻұԣʤҶ㡣й䲩ĺҲҶɫһ֪ԼпһٲĵزԼæ԰ҶԼı֮ġ
棿ҶͬץݣзйôҳѹƵһߵƣҲǲ޿ܡ
йȻûкǿʵӵˮ޺ֻۣҪǣס䣬Ҷ䲩ʯ֮ǰնɱT棬Tһ䲩ʯҶҲӦܹס
ңҪǣֱ練ƣȻȴһ۲۵ıͽֻҪ༤ŷйƨɺͷȦ
Ȼ档йӵͷ֣ʮ֣ء
ǺãʼҶйԣΪʾ⹫ƽ֮ͷ硣
Ҷй˿ûе㡣
״Ҷĵ˵ͷΪĴˣƭҶ֮ģԲһһƾȡԼĴ׽ġȻҶ첻ûӺҶȻҲԳС
ʼҶʵ
ţ»һ󡣡йûûʹ뿪ʼ
£Ҷļ٣ҲֻӣΪ±Ͼϵ䲩ʯ˵ֻ̡
ϣҶӶԂTܹ
У˱Ҷ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֱӴ˷йӵĻ
ΪΣҿԼȰ˵֤˳й˵ʮš
ǺǡҶЦһǲŷйӳŵǲŷйӵTҲйֻһöӰˣȡرôΪӵȰ׷

䲩磬㲻Ҫȡ׼ô㲻ҪŻô
·ͻȻ䲩ʹĳҶ֮ͷһ䲩ѾʧȥսϾͻɥ֮֡
ãҾȰִѣǾݹˣҶ첻ԥǶ֮ǰҪȺͷй˵
йü˼ݵĳ֮˵ͷҶ˵
ʼҶԲٶ˵ֱӺʼ֮ȴ΢ͣһ˲ΪȻ֮ԣȻԣҪƽȡʤĻȡ֮ӡ
ʼ󣬷йӼӳգۼɿ⣬Ȼûʹõˮ޺ۡ
Ҷ΢ɻ֮ͬʱ̤ʩչƾʮһӶһ󾢷硣
̤֮ˮ޺۵ñ˳ֻйӽ٣ƮƮݣգ֮佫˵ľһ֮ڡ
һˮ޺ۣҶ첻һʣˮ޺۹Ȼ棬ҹƣڽƵ»軻
̤鴫йӵЦڣʮִݣ·ʤ֮
Ҷ״˲ʱһɶ־ǿҵĺʤʹ˶ͣԻһڣٴη̤Ӱٴγֵʱڶʮɿ⡣
ԽҾԽ죬˦ңйӼҶó汾ºԣͷͬʱǶ־ʢգ֮ٴε׷ҶɷΧ֮ڡ


179 ʱľԮ
˿ʼĵط䲩λôа֮ԶҶӣգ֮Ȼϳ֮һ·̡ŻҳĽɢ;Խ̣еȻӳ
˿̣䲩Ĵŷֱվ͂T棬ؿھ֮ϲ˺ۣˡϸ֮䲩ͷɫɷף˺أѾӰ쵽ĺ
еʮΣҪϵ뻹ҪͻĴΣͻĴεʱ䲢㳤Ӧܹ䶯֮ǰϵ
۽УйӵٶѾȶҶ֮Զ
Ҷ䲩¾ˡйӴݿڣ־Ȼӿ𣬱еĻƾԵúˡ
׷˵ɣҶڣйûж⣬Ҳûж⣬ΪֻǼֵǱѡ
Ǻǣֻ˲䣬ڻʱ򡣡йӻشʮš
ҶԲ˵ǰ˵ʱʲô˼ضǴһλʱƵͬʱԪ٣ʱȷкܴһٳԽҶ졣
ȻйǰѾŵӮҶ죬Ҷ첢һʧߵܱ˵İֻҪҪóϷ
ٵɾҶͷ˷йһۣ
ǺǣҶӣǾ仰жҾж죬ɡйŴݡ
Ҷûڴ𻰣ĵһǼнһƱ仺ٵҲȼ뷨˲ͱ񶨣ΪȻǱԣɳлбȱҪ򱶵飬Ǽ٣䲩ܻܿ˶ɥ
һӲУڶ֮ӿͷУ٣Ҫ٣һμٵʱȷõ÷ƻתͣͣʱӦܹһ˦йӡ
ʱȣҶû̫ʱϸ˼ǣ뵽˴ô˷У㿪ʼʵʩֻһԪͬʱ߶̤õҶȫ֧֣Ȼգ֮ӳʮ֮Զ
ַӺǺķٶҲȷʵĺܴΪ֮ǰҶβûлҪһֱӳͻ
Ҷ죬йȻҲ죬ҶЦ⣬ݻ

죬Ҷ΢ͣһ˲ٴӽйɽƽ
ǵڶӽҶҲȻЩͷѣ֮УΪǰ֮²Щȱ
ҧ֣ڶ֮ȻûлȻֻһɣձԣ

ӽٴη𣬵ôʱҶѾĿѣͷ죬ٶҲЩģ
ҶӣԲƴûҪ˵ӮġйӼ״ϽڣβƣǳģҲӵѧˣڼǰеͻвпܴʲôͷĿѣأǿɾֱӽβըĽˡ
Ҷͷһȣȴû˵Ϊ˵ͻй
ӽȻ˾ͷҶִ֮йҲٹȰ˿ķᣬֻҶٴηҪڽƵͬʱԪһٳҶ졣
ǺǡҶͣͬʱŷйһЦ
йӼ״Щ⣬ӦʱȻ򷴷Ʈȥĳ֣ΪҶĴͻǷġ
ʹթйӽƱΣˮ޺Ȼ׵ʱҶȻӶȥзƣǷйܽѾСˡ
Ҷ˷йӵĻûгԷΪѾֻƬܱ̾䲩£뱣ϢһﵽĿĵء

ХһͬһʱһƣһҶӽֹͣ
飡
һ죬ƺ֮ϣӣɡ
վΣֱ۴ĿҶ죬޷뿪ңԶҶӡͣڰ˶ʿ֮䣬˶ʿ˵ʲôһֻ־ܰƽһ
ɸղһƣȻ˿Ҷ˿֮ܿվֶ·ûӰ죬ȴֱ۷飬һֱ˺Ƶľʹֱֱͷ
㡭
ʲô㡣ڳʱľ㵹뿪ڣҶЦŽϡ
㡭
ôҡҶٴδϡ

Ҷ֣âȡۡ
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ҶԭĻû뵽һѧĴˣղǾ仰˵ļ죬ûҶᡣ
ôҸˣҶЦȻЦͬʱϸĹ۲ֱۣݺֱ۵״̬ҶףֻҪٲһƣ佫ڶʱΪֱܵشʵ轵ҲղŹֱ۵ԭΪܹѹ䴿䲻⣬ʵʵ˵ҪɱпܣҪ¡֮£ҶʵȳT֮ƽϡ
Ҷ˵ͬʱȴͻȻһɾ磬Ҷͫ΢ʿ֪ǂTû͵Ϯ
ССģ
磬֣
䲩ѺͷйӵȰһͬ𣬵˲㱻ƵĺȻǹ
T浹ʮɣҶ췴Ӧʱǰ߲û͵ϮɹҶ˿ʮ֮߰ԶΪӦԲִ٣Ȼ·硣
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ΪTղųֵʱѡĺգҶ˵ҸˡǸߡֵʱ֣Ҷʱһ仰˵꣬˵һ仰ʱͨȥԷӦҲץסһᡣ
û뵽Ҷ쾹ȻĴﵽ˶ʦڵʵһƲѾңܽҶ˳ȥջ
T䲻ͬںڷڵʱͻҶȷжϳҶʵʦڣٰҲΪ̽鵽ҶʵԲŻ˾ΪϴζŵʱҶŸոͻʦ綨ʮ첻ȻѾﵽʦڣٶȣֱ졣
ݵľ֮󣬂TԺпʼתķǰľԼҶĶ֣ıխлҶҲһѡΪֱȻˣ֮ʱ϶Ա룬Ҳ첻Ҷ̤СǷҶ飬Ǻáˣɱ䲩磬ȻӲɱһһ


180 
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սתһֱܴ࣬ΪԱֻվսűԵ뷨ǂTͷйӼлҶ죬һлͳ֣޻ᣬͼȴֱۻָ
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ŶʶȤأTЦʣ֮ͬʱɨһۡ
Ҷ״ᣬǸʲô䲻Ϊ壬Ϊ䰭ȫƴǲóȻֵġ
ʶȤֻ·һҶǳ⣬аҪԺⶫ˶죬TĻϸ壬Ժãܵвʵݡ
Ǻǣ·һҲ£ˣҲңͬͬͬͬͬͬǰɣ֡T滺䲩ȥ˽ǰִ̽ںߵļͷһءģ
С죡ȡңȿȡɱ䲩˵仰ʱ·þҵĿдѪĭ֪ƼػǱTһٶģ֮ʮּ
壬סһ취㡣Ҷ䲩Ϊ˲ԼѰ̼Ǹн԰
ûõģѱ飬㲻T涾Ҳʱ䲩ղſȹ֮Ϣȶ˲٣ⷬ˵޶϶ֻϢԾʮ΢
ƭģֻǼ˶ѣȵûTһЦҶ조͡
Ҷüͷһ壬Ȼó䲩粢ƣ䲩֮ô˵Ϊ˴ҶĹǣ֮ѾԾ׼
˵ҵѾ޷ˣС죬㲻Ҫ˷ʱˣ䲩֮Ϣٴβȵ¾ҿ
T棬ԩ޳ſ壬ұ㲻ΪѣǿһͬѰرʱԵ֮ҾǿᡣҶƬ̣˵֮û˵㣬Ϊô˵̫٣T治ԡ֮ǲŵġ
Ҷ仰ǷģԂTȻҲĳȴûм̷֣
Ҷ״һڴþͱʾ黹лػأлػ䲩Ͳ׶ԾͷϾ˶ϲġ
ҶӣһҪ㡣˵ǷйӣT洦˼֮УʳԼеɻ
뽲Ҷ칰ֵ
ղű֮ΪҪʹթйв
ǺǣʹթҶϵдһʣԼȴ˾ãҲڽͣΪԽڽͣ˾ԽΪνƱ硣
лҺʮ֮Զй˵
֮ǰй涨ɻ򣿡Ҷ췢ʡ
ȻûУԴΪɾƭԼйΪҶҪͶȡɡ
ΪҪƭԼٶȣҾԿ㣬鶯Ҳȷʵ֮ϣû鶯ӺζҶʡ
ԷơйȻ˵Щ˵ȥˣΪҶ˼ˮ޺۽ƣƴӺζ̤ѧͶȡɵĳɷֱ֣ܹ֮֮ô
ˣȷʵˣķڷĻʵԲ㡣йӵҲ̹Ȼ֮ͨϣһ˿
áҶЦŹ֣ûҪǫ飬̹Ȼ֮˺ǫֻǾα
йӵ˵ͷתӂT棬磬䲩ˣԼȥѰرҲ޲ɣΪҲǼʶˣ͸źʲô𣿡
סڣT沪Ȼŭ֮ǰ÷йӺҶѾЩãº߾ȻȰԼоһֱĸо
磬ʵڲҲԺҶӺܺù԰йԲģ⡣
㶮ƨTŭŷȻȫޣһöӡȻ˵ˣһܹ֮ŭ
ǵҺɣģ˵㻰Ҷ쵭ЦڣTڵʲôT֮ѡΪ˺޼ıȻȴòٿء
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磬һȰ
ҵ̸ɱ䲩ʯȥTԴҶܴ֮죬Ѿһٽ㣬йӵΪѹ֦һ˿Ʈѩ
磬ҪԶϺ·йӼȰ˵
Ǻǣ磿һһУǾ仰ҵ磬͸ɱɱɱTһѾ޷ת˼άˣɱҶ죬ɱҶɱҶͬ飬ɱҶֻͬɱ˷йˡ
磬ˡ
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ƣĪ
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181 䲩ʯ
Ǻˣǿ˺֮رľǾʯֻҪ͵ԱѹΪ촷ۡ
Ҷ״ʧɫ˵䲩ھֱ֮ӻԹȥ
֣տԶ壡ΣҶҪǰ䲩ʯĻɣȻֱˣжްҪɱѾԵ䲩ֱ練ƣָҲֻзˡ
ġйɫͷƼס¶ϲɫ˴䡣
л
δ䣬ҶȻԪ֣ͬ߳ټ֮ļ٣̤ʩչһǰδеĳ̶ȡ
䲩ʯԵս˴ǺԶˣҶڽͻ֮ǿڵ˺䲩ʯһ֮ǰ
޴ȫᵶƴɵľŽնȻǲ˵Ҷִ֮ʸ޷ֵֻǿ䲩ʯ㡣
û뵽ǣһ֮º߾ȻΪҶļƻ𣬼æתͷȥֻ䲩ʯдб⣬ӸΪʮȴȻԶЩˡ
󲮣Ҷֽͼ֮ѡ
䲩ʯľȻתͷҶ֮ü󾪣ߣ
һߣҶ䲩ʯ
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ѨĳɹҶһڴӲȡһ˵ĵ裬ڴ֮ղƽҶѰڵʱ˳ռҩƵĵҲϲ֮
ڣСʱ֮䲩ʯɫ΢һתҶֽ̽⿪Ѩڣ䲩ʯڻǣ֮ҩЧһͲ˵ˡ
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˵Ǳʵ΢ֻһ㣬ѧ޴ĸ־ǰҲԷӳʲôҶ˸гԹԱضʹѱ䣬֮ǰǣƣT͸˵ˣѾϿֱ̬ˡ
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ڴ֮ǰһֱΪҾսʱߵ˻ƽС׳ʱƣƽС׳ԼУʵֻңڣ˷ǡ
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һȻͨĹ۲죬ֵܹģʵ֮١
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԰꣬ҲǺ⣬׻˵ձȻǿ֮ĩķǻ޷ܵġT˵ͬʱһ˿ĹâԼ˵Ͳʲô֮ǰᵽԼĿǽ£Ϊò룬˭Ҷϰ֮֮ᷢʲô
ҶһΪرôǵĺʱɱ֮УʵߣŻԂT£
TĻɲܹ֮ȵģԼʵһŹԼȻᣬ֮ǰĻ˵ĺǴȰԣûӡ
ΪҪ̵ְ
ŭһվûз
ԣѵôôҾ⣬б¾𰡣Ҷ֮ǰûܼԳ֣аٴγ༤նɱԶӣѪһᣬŭġ
ʵҶ첢ֶΣһζĹ˼ǲ֪֪ͨͨǴΪȡ֮
ҶܱƳԻʲôΪ֮ǰĺѾŭԼл·
Ȼ䣬㷢һͳ˻ͬʱ޴ͷ̽Ŀбһĵĺ⡣
˻ʹڳ˶ۣձ֮ǰ˵ǲΪǣɴ˿ɼȷʵѾǿ֮ĩòĸʱɡ
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Ҷ۽ɨףǴзģȻ;ƿݵĵزԽԼһٺΪ촷ۡ
Ȼ˽׵Ҷ첢׼ȫ٣Եȥ
䣡
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󱳴һԣǻջǰʹҶҧ֣βɱ˼֡
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ղŵΪԼ۵㣬ұ֤ǷЧ³ɹܿףвⰵңˣ˿ҲΪԼһʹ̣¹Ѻۡ
Ȼ˽ף֮ȴΣĿǰԵľʯжʮңʮɵľҶ˵һͻȫԵǴǰҶѾͻһͻ֮ȻҪ֮٣ֶݵͣͣݵͣͺпܻԼΪ˾Ѿݴ͵׼һʱ䣬Ǵݳˡ
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ԻͷȥֻտҲﻹаӰ
ģͷȻ⸽Ҫ̵֮£ԵŭкҪ
ٳ֣ҵֻɱȻҲܷŭ
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ҶŵʱȴͻȻ˂T
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Ҷ״ЦT汧ʲô˼ǰڼ˾ǱģͲҪҶ뵽
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һһɵľѾ뵽ҶĹΧTͨվλʾԼĳ⣬ﵽ֮жԹϵĿġ
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ֿ϶кôģǼ֣TҲΪ˵ĹĿ֮һһҶ칥˵ѹᡣ
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ҶⷬǱʶԣ桱ǱĿ϶˂TĻˡǾTĻⲻãǳ𡱶֣֪ͨTһ֣ĽҲֻһ
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ҶЦЦû˵ΪȻײҲûҪгˣ¹˭Ʊǡ
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ƻ׵ļƻûмƻTأӦ䡣
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ȴ˴Լʱսһ˿⣬ŵּٴγˮ˷
Ҷ͂Tһۣз׷ʱݵóۣٹʱޱ
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TüҶ죬ѯʺιʡ
Ҷҡͷķںˮߡ
ãҪڶܣԵľͻȻƽֱƺ˶ߡ
Գ֮󲻶ϴ߶ԪĴ״Ǹ˳ȻǰҪһЩ֮ʱɨܣδҶˡ
ԺĺƺǲƵƵ޴ըͳŭǴ˿ϢŭκƿԣгķŭѾ֮ˡ

ڣڶ˵֮£ƴȫգһȥˮ½ĸ죬գ֮䣬׸ɺԣղŵдȻһԲʮɵľ޴Ӷ


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գ֮T볡У״ȻͷӭУǼԶ˵ļս
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TߴЦʮɣԽԽŭҪ˼Ҽ֮òT棬ԷĳЦŵңԽٻ
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ˣҶӳͬʱиߺ㣡
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ϴýǰȥ񣬶ҲѵôһأȻǰߵ˼˲һ䣬ÿιֻʵƵĂT治սȴҲ֮ǡ
˵޴ٶÂTüͷ壬вס
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ѵҶҪһѶ𣿣T״ͷֱգ֧֮ڸߺͼѶˡ
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TױܿΪҲûʼΪסTסҶ죬סҶüҶȫİԱӡơ
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׻˵úã˲Ҷ̡˲Tһ䡰ûӡʹֱӣǡžһ൱
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һֻɱ̺ɱ˂T棡״һߣ˵
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뵽˴Ҷҧ԰һᣬ˫ƻȻ࣬Աӡֶ

޴ļﵽɷԲİԱӡХЯƺѹ˺ȥһʱ˻缱죬ƼΪ
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ͬʱҲΣ׷һ̤棬ܿ
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쳹أӿľɳʯͬһ㣬ڳ˾޷ܵġˣ
֮ǰŭ԰ԱӡľŰûԪĻ£ûһܹȻ
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Źһʱ䣬ҳɢȥеҲ
Ҷҧϸ̽Ƭ֮еľͷһƬ
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Ҷֻоͷһƣɴ೹׷ѾôʱδҲѾ˿ʶԽԽԼ俴ȥƬ֮һ𣬿з³һ
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ȷӦӣ򶫱ȥɴ˿ɼüʱԱӡûɱԵ˺Ҳ׷ϣٶҪϺܶ࣬˵˽أ֮Ǽ׷ҲĶ֡
ǺǣճɿաҶοЦԼƴȣȥԵڵ֮β󡭡
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ƤԽĳأǂT
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ƤýޣԵѪȥЦָ̽ѱе
˿ѾʧȥڵʹпѪѪҺǽɫģڵϷ͵죬һƬڣȻѪӵмߵ¶ȡˣǺܿۻһѪݣҫۣѪϷĿյŤ
ãTЦͷһ䣬˽ᣬҶ˵ֳ֮ڵ֡
ãʹӦ
ŲҶ۾֮ǰһ仰ǣ֣Ѫյʬ޴棡ѽͷޣ


189 
飡ǲ
ƵĲ̤ŹѵͬʱؿһʹʹʹҶ΢ѡ
ģУҶоԼ屻̧𣬱̤߹֮ľʹʹָЩǣϡܹϸ΢ʿǂTĶԻ˵ʲô޴ӵ֪ˡ
֮ǰڷԱӡ˷±ŭʯ֮Աӡǿķ֮޴ӶԿǿĺ֮£⡣
˿̵ԺиֳԡT桢˲δܵһ֮ϵЦ⣬ЦаҴȥڵһ˿·ɣǰȡԼҲվƥ
Ҷܵһᣬƺ󣬱Ϯ͵кˮС
ˮôˮ
˲䴫Ĵ̹ǵʹʹƽδģ֮ǰ̷ҩ鵤ʱܵĥҪʹ򱶡
ȵµʹһƤʴջѪҺȺɵĹ̡Ҷȫһ˲仯Ϊҽһݲݱתۻҷ
ǼھʹͬʱԽ﷢ͬϿɣȴ۹򱶡
Ҫô
Ҷƽⲻǳı⣬˯ȥ۾ȴıϣܹĸܵȫ´ʹҲܸܵ˿ˣǱ磬սζƮɢлһ㡣
ǻеڵ·ٻģҶȴ״̬²ɷһЦ
뵽ѰڵĹ̺ĿģƲȥĻһִңվûܶѡ
뵽ңȻȻͻ뵽˪ұ٣˪أһŮӣԻŹ𡭡
ǿ϶ģᣡ
Եõڵֻ֮Ҫҵˣ㲻䣬ֶһοС˪䲩ԶǧҶİ¡
С˪
Ҷĺһ䣬ûö֪
ģСֻ˵ǣ
Ǻǣǻ˲ĸʹ죿
ִ˵ҵĿˣĥ
꣬Ǳˣ
ģ
ʵ٣ߣ
ɳɳɳ
TĽŲɿԶ֪˶ãٴнŲԶ˵ȷܶ࣬ʮˡ
ͷǰиˣһԼ
ȥЩϣϡ
Ųĸˣǵ
EEE
˻ȥʱŻȥԼУҶĻ
һ߸ʬû
ûνеøʬϵٴ
֮ǶݵĳĬӦڴѪеҶ졣
ùۣȡڵϵ´֮һ٣ƺ֪̽ʲôƬ̺Ҫ죬Ѿˣ
ʮӦǵʵȻǻ֮ڽνİȡڵһ¡
һҽУѪһˣѪ˵ȻڼֻƬ̣Ϣ
СЩѪΪ֮˵ЩǷ̥Ҳһ˲¡˵ϵ֮ͣһӿǿҶϣѾоʹ
ףϵгɻ
磬᲻壿˷ʣ߲͡䡣
ܣᱻճɰ׹ǡϵ˼Ƭ̷ſڡ
ȷʵˡͬ˵
пϵٶ˼Ǻ󿪿ڣһ٣ֵӦûûȥѪҪپҲҪʱ䡣Ǻǣ棬ȴӲĿʹĥ
ҵô˲мһˣƺֻĶĶ
һܵûԳķʡ
Ǻǣȷ
˿Ц
֮ǺܳһʱĳĬĬǶ˶ԣȡۡڵĵûͣ£֨֨Ǵ̶
ڣҶͲ֪Լ˻ǻţ֮ǰ˻˼ԼѾΪ׹ǣȴ͸Ϊʲôǣǰ׹ǣǴӺζӶջˣôܻǣ
ѵұɹˣҶаţйִ˵ʶɢǲǹʲô
ʶɢ뵽ҶͻȻһĸء
壡϶壬ĸ˵ǰᣬղ˵˼ֿܣҶͷΪܣΪһ˿
žߴ
ˮ
²۾ŭͬʱ
ˮͱѪջ
ĸϸŵ㣬ȺҲȲһƬۣ֮ǰŭ֮˸
ˡӺƽ
ͷǿƬƬѰúõʦԴһۼװŭ֮ʮϧ
ϧʲôã۳Ѫ֮УѵȡĳЩ͡
ǡΨΨŵŵ֮
֮˳ĬҲ֪˶ãٶ˸ߺͷûڵ
ܣϸѰЩ⣬ѰһҲУǧɣڵпߴ񹬣пڵһéݵĴСˡ
ȺӦǣַһʱ䣬ͷûУ

û˵ƿǰ̽ȥˡ
ƿٶ˽ʵͷô
ӳ˼Ƭ̣֮ʻȥڵ
Ժʧ䡣
Ҳգ۹öƬǸϵڵûֳʧ䡣
߰Ƭ˴
ߣ̻ط
ͷⶼǺö
ʱ䲻ˣдЩء
ͷڻڵˣ˾ʵ
֪ʵǿǵˣ²˳٣ˡʮֹ
Ӧһٻط
Ӧ
Ƭ֮󣬽ŲƵʺܿ죬ңȻ
Ⱥߺ󣬲֪˶ãΧٶȴŲ
εĽŲӣ˿ˣô˴Ƭ̣ٴȥ
ǵĿҶ֪ǴҴȥԭΪ۶ȡΪѾͼʧ뿪ġ
Ⱥٶ뿪ֲ֪˶ãΧ׳ĳţڡ
ôŵʱУҶأ޷ݣĴ˿ϰ׶ĵʹԺֻʣһǴǰ˿еϢ֮Լʬ޴档


190 ɱ
ڶߺ󣬵ϸһЩʬ壬ȡ⡣
ûʧȥе˶ǱرģҶҲǵĽ̸е֪νرʲô²һνرҪָľڵα̫ӲȺʹʲôֶҲû취֮ȡ¡
һ㣬νֻ˵Щ֪ʲôݵ˿У֮Ϊ
ҶԵļǵһʮ߲ǰļĵ֮ʱֻʣһټĹǼܣȻûеõνرԶǰȴһʹǺǲޣ֮±˴Ըȥֱһ˫һԲϣս
սǳңҲ֪˶ãҲ֪Ǽս֮ǲҡ
սΧٴγ˺ܳʱ䣬ֱ
һֱ£ǿۣҶʶ̧ȥڡ
ۣۡҶ쾪˫ۣǰһֻɰ׹ɵƣͷϸ޷ڵ⡣
㵶ܵŤͷĹˣǰľʮԶһƬïܵĴ֣˿ãҲͶЩߣȥǾס
Ŀƶ۴ǱصĸʬͱѪȾĵ棬ѪѾЩɺԣ̺˸ŵĳ
ǰһֻ޴ĹǼܣʿ֪Բ徻ĳ£Ƭҫ۵ĳѪء
྿Ŀġ
Ҷ̧Ťͷ໥Ħһжεͷ
ȲΣǵΪʲôԼܹ
ҶȥԼһ֮¶ʱʹ쳣Ҷȴ˶еʮָˣΪʹ˵ѾζпڻĻָ
ѵˣ
Ҷĵһ뷨ܿ㱻ΪԼΧָ״СƬЩƬ֣ϵԼĹ롣
ǣҶЩɰ׹ǶѾţ¾ȻЩͬ֡
྿Ŀġ
ҶվֻйĽʮֲӦԪǺ޽չȻֳ֮£˿˿й
⵽ô£
Ҷ޴ɻ֮УãĴ𸴡
ܵò֮ܿܺǰνйأڣȻȻҪ֣߳ĻԼ仯Ϊ׹ȴԭпԶ߷ǿվȲ壬Ȼסȴٻ
֮ǰĽܹ뵽пԵģţһ֮С
Ϊλء
Ҷ̧ȥֻЩС룬ٶȺּ
Ҷ򵥵Ķ˼֣ЩֺǼѶҲ֪ͷβ޷˳ͨ
ЩֵǴӺζ
ҶɻʱͻȻоһ󷢽æͷȥֻЩСһвϴܳʼԼĹԶѰλںϡ
ǣ
ҶɻĽǽ֮ϸ̽죬ͻȻЩ
һ鼮ڳѪĸ¶ýŤ壬ֱ治ãм˸ĵطǿԿǼ֡
顭ʲôʲô
鱦ͨҶ쾪֮ǰͺǺΪ鱦ܹͨҹ˸⣬Ҳηûֳ˿ƾɣ鱦ֽͨžԲͨƤֽһ޵ƤЩҹ˸壬һּΪϸĽ˿д˴˿̣Ƥ˿ŤЩȴûܵκ𻵣ԶƮɢ飬ںԼ֮ϡ
Щֵʲô
Ҷ쾪֣µʵ̫죬ֻܵȴ
ĿԷֱʱ䣬ۿͷλãҶ֪ʱ֣֮ǰ֣ȥѾһʱ䡣
һʱܹܶ£ȡڵҡ
뵽ҶģԼ֮ǰΪֻǶûеЩɥڣȻұǰװ׻ˡ
ǰʮܶʱҪŹµĥ»Բٴβֺ󳾡
ţʱڲ֪Ŷȥ˿̫Ѿ䵽ӳͮƶա
ԣˣҴ˷ñѩޣҶӶԹµнų뵽ııôԲŹһˡ
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һḶ́ǹ⣬ѪܾȻƤĳ֣ʼնѪҺ
ϸ죬ͼٻʱЩƣ˿ö
ΪҶ֪Լ
ʵ˵УΪûȥµһݣǾǡɱ䣡
͡
죬Ҷ쾪ϲļԼÿһ缡Ǻ֮ǰ޶£øӼͽ¡
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ûѪҺͲ֮ܳΪˣߣ֮ܳΪˡ
ѵѾɹˣҶĵһ뷨Ȼɱ䣬ɱɹ粻ĺá
֮ʱͻȻһɼΪǿͻأ˿ûи׼ʱ

Ҷ캧ȻΪЩԼƶһʵʡʵ֮ӹ죬Ȼָ״С֣ЩֻƯһķؼ
Ҷ쳢ȥһ仰ͻ
־ҲʧʧͬʱѪбһ˿ɫոļϸŶ
ҶʶĺˣѪĿѾ̹ˣɲոյļٴαٻ
Ǹ˰벽ҶֹסŲΪȻԼһֱʹڽѪУ㼡֮Ҳû뿪˵ڵļѾ½Ѫļ׸¡
뵽˴Ҷ춨ЩɫԼ֮ϣ󾲾עӡ
𾪵һĻٶȷֻЩѪڴƤ֮Ѹٵ͸룬ýѪ֮ԭɱ񷺰׵ѪоȻٴʵĸо
ѵǡ
Ҷͷ󺧣ֺȻֻǾȣδ֪˷ܡ
סҶΧЩּȥÿζ꣬ЩּղһѪֱ׽
˿̣ҶоѾ³ѪҺѪҺӿ֮֮ǰѪ֪˶ٱδȣеֻ˷ܣΪ֪ѪҺΪҲ˸ղЩִӺζкá
ѪѪ辭


191 ׷
½ʮǰһ䰵ߴܣڻͨΪͨ˿
ʧˣΪû֪ϵйҲ֮׳˼䡣
ǰϲźбⱻڸѪа䣬Ѫ辭
֮ɽеһƵ꣬Եɺ֮·Ѫ辭ѪҺóѪɱ䡣
˿̣ǸӣǺ׵Ʋ㣬ǿңȴٸоۡ
㵽һʲôﰡҶ̾ڵȻֳƽ
֮ǰTѪͼ֮Ϊ֮İµԱסʶ壬鱦ͨƤѪϲ֪ʵּ׷䣬ЩּǿѪ辭ĴڣҺпܱʩչܣԵ֮Ѱ壬պñѪٻҶȻȻĳΪõѡҶ켡Գۼּſϸ֮£Ѫ辭֮󻻵ĳѪ壬Ҷɱ
鱦ͨǸ֮治ѧ鱦¾ȻѪ辭аأ㵽ģ㵽˭ҶͷѾһŽڵ鱦ͨ޸пԼδĸף춯صܡ
鱦ͨȻ𻵣Ҷȴеϧ෴ģڸ׵Ŀͺ棬ʮҶδϹҲδǿҹ˿̺޲ץסʣΪʲôͨȴҪҺĸڲˣΪʲôʮδҵǰΪʲôȻѡȥȴҪ鱦ͨ¯ΪʲôѵĿԼĶ޾ĳ˼ͻйô
ǡѾˡ
ͷձпȴҲԸԼϵ뷨ȡҶȻ򵹣ͷһƬãȻƬ֮ΪһУʹȻ
鱦ͨѾ䰵ڵľ辡գµԼԪѪ辭˵ʲôѵֻɺϣԲǣң߸߹·Ȼҿ׵ԡ
뵽˴ҶȻХԽ͸ֱʡ
ХգҶ֣Ȼ·Ѷֻһ·ǰбǡ

ҿϵһζԶ£Ҷ첢û̫ļĸһʧٱֻֿܣһǳԼֿԲΪӦԼ޶Ǳ˰һʮпܣΪԹԣľַش֮ﵽһ߶֮˻뷽跨İǣҶ츸׵ҪĿҲǼ֮Ҷڶʱڼ֪˭Ҳ޷𣬶Ҳļԭ
ѰʱôͰѾһסϡ
䲩ԶҶȻֻദһʱ䣬֮ȴطǳֿѣͬӣδΪҶ
䲩Զںпܾ޴ΣѣҶбҪҲҶɹѹأȻҪ룬ΪԼҵһӡ
ٵ߸Ѫӵ
Ȼ߸Ǿ̤鹣ң
뵽˴ҶֹסķһѪӣ

;ҶλطĻطĺΡΪӳ·֮ȻԼȻû·
صɽ֮أҶһ£ǴѪȡ֮ǰ˲ļƬۡʬкһͨңҵһԼƵʬ壬ǱĨɱ֮Ѫȴ
ҶüͷڸղŷҵĹУ֮Щ˵һµ˽⡣
кܴһͬЩȻ洩ͨȴĻͻľ˵ǺпǾڰڲ޾ƶȣЩ˸ڡ
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һʬ忴£ʵȴмѭǰվλǽܿĳһ󷨵վλһǼпǰڵһ
ǲҶ쿴ʲô˵֮ͨԻоͨΪ֮ЩǴںҶͬһˣ˼Զ϶֮ˡ
䰵ɼڵǺεȵ죬֮ҲΪԹﶼԵ˵֮ɽΪλѡĵطΪλͻȻǰɽ٣Щδضɺϡ
뵽˴Ҷ첻üͷ壬̷öڵֱӿʦڣ;ӽڵдЧڵ͸ˡ
ţҶͷ˲ʱһıԵõôҵ߸ͳ˰϶ˡ
Ƭ֮Ҷ԰ЩΪʱ³ڵһʱ䣬Ҫïܵԭʼɭҵڵڴ룬Ȼ֪·λǻԺã
ҵѰԲ;Ҷ˼Ƭ̣򶫷ȥ
ѡԭǼ򵥣ѾѰڵôҶٶȻطҲ޷ұı硣ǻδ֣ô͸ӦҵҳȻңڸѰڵڳʱ䡣
меı죬ҶӰּ伱ٴ󣬻óѪʲô췭ظĸıڻûܵǿȶԣ˲ֹһΡ
ͬڵĽλͻƣҲ˵Ѫûʦ綨һ
ҶǷѽ⣬ڽλûһζԵĸܵıǿȱǿλȴûǲϳ
ȻʵûҶ㽫ĿתƵ֮ϣʶֻ̽˿̵ڶҲѾȫӯ״̬ˣҶЩ
һҶοûֱӿΪѪͬڵ̺ȻҲͬնңѪҪøѪ辭֮󣬻֮Ѫ辭εջ񣬴ΣǿʱȻ֡
һ·ۣʱҶڷ˿һضϱۣӶϱ۵ǂTģϱ򶫣һ·Ѫ
һҶͷͬʱӿϷɺͳ飬ìܵĸоΪTϱ۴ɱʮּңȻҾ˵ԻûлڵԸ˸÷ҲԴڴˣ֮ǰɱԭܼ򵥣ǾѾڵѶϢߣڵڶԵгٳҲʵĻͻ̷
뵽˴Ҷ췢ȫѪٱӶȥ


192 ѭ׷
ҶѪ׷٣̷ڵ֮ǰնɱ
̷ͨڵҪҪһ̣ڵˣҲΪˣҶȻоʱȣҲǻսë
ԻɱT䲢̷ڵֻҶĽ֣ʵûеõڵ˵
Լʱ֮˱仯Ѫһһǰһת򣬵ô˿̣Ҷ췢ԭ֮ǰѪ˵ģӦһ׷Ҹϵ״̬
ǻķ˵Ѿ뿪˴˴뿪˴ԭ޷֣һǷ˳ڵᡣѾȥ˳ڵ
ݵķҶóۣѪ˷ڵᣬΪһѪȻ򶫣˵Ǹûҵڵ˴ӦǾսĵطﲢû̫ҵĴ򶷺ۼûκһ˵ʬ塣
óۣҶٴηط֮˻˭Ȼ޴жϵģΪÿ˶зɣпܵĻǂT档
Ƭ̵ԥҶ򶫷׷ȥΪ˲˭õڵһ˸˵¡
ԽǰѪԽʪ˵ҵǵʱѾԶˡ
һǰԼ˵ϸ֮£
ȻѾѰôҲûҪҶѰһøߴľԶǰﴦеӰӰȷ䡣
ôֻһˣҶüͷ΢壬֮ǰ£Ҷһ·϶Ѫ۲ĺϸѾȷѪֻһˣһ·ϲδTԵʬ壬Ǿ˵ӦûȥطǸ뻹һͬвŶԡ
ɻҶ쿴ı񡣴ʱ˵ھ̫ԶݣҿģҲ߻һ˲Ŷԡ

ҶɻʱͻȻЦЦʮſ˷ܡ
ãѵѾõڵˣҶͷһٲɣȫ䴦ȥ
ҵ·̶Ҷ˵ֱ֮ܳΪ룬ĹѾӹ
˭ƿֵ֮֮ͬдȺ;衣
֮ˡҶӦͬʱֳΡ
״Ȼ󾪣֮󷽲Ŷס´һȻɫɻ
ôûʧˣҶЦ
ĸ˵Ҿ㣿ʣҶܹȻΪ˴ȡ
ȵңһңȡ㹷Ҷ캮
ٶ´ҶһȷҶ֮ǰҪй֮޲֮ɫ
˹ˡҶ״ɷЦΪԼǹȡ
㵽ǹ侪ʣڴ֮ǰΪҶǱ˴ȣתһ뷨Ǳ˴ȣҶ֮ǰӦúήٲŶԣҶ뿪ʱۿҶ켡һ类Ѫٻ˰Ȼ̬
Ҷ˵ˣ˹ˡҶǰͬʱ˵˷ȥġ
㡭ˣɫĴ˿ѾȷҶǹɣΪҶ֮ǰ·Ѿճɻҽ··մдƬѪǵĶ䣬ֵܹõСѪ·
ķǳԳ˵ĽǶȣû뵽뿪֮дǰ벻ҶֻԵɺϡжҶǹԭҲܼ򵥣ΪȻҴ·

ĹľͻȻܶҶͷȥֻһӰٵŷ롣
T棬ǂT棬ȥ׷ҡ״æ󺰣ͼҶתĿꡣ
T棿Ҷ΢ɻ
ûӵѪ⣬ûϵͷͬʱҶ濴ȥ
Ҷ״аЦԼŤͷȥ̽ഫûӰӣΪڿԼûӰӡ
˿ǰв⣬âҶһӰӡ
찲
һ桱ֻûڣȻ͵ϮƷҵĳ˷Ԫơ
Ҷüһ˿ŭ̧۷⵲ͬʱһֱȡؿҪ
ǣ
ҶʹƣƵһɲǾȻױ죬Ȼ֮ǰҲױ֮ڵȼֱó
ңƶ˸ɫ⣬֮תΪγ֣⾹ȻֽɫֽҶǰóµĽס
ͷ΢оȣٶȲδƼֻóܡ
֮ܿδֱֹͣΣ˶ʮɷվס粻оҲա
㻣ңƬ֮俪ڣȻôһ仰
仰Ҷ춼һ㶣ʵһʲô
ҡҡͷֵ˵ͷûлشֻضҶǽŵơ
Ƭ֮Ҷ췴ӦҲ֮ˣȻ֪Ƶ飬֮ʱֻױ֮ôɣɫâ֡ҶƾȻǽɫ⣬ʮ𺧣ͬʱҲɻΪҶţɫпΪҶѾһµĸ߶ȣ𺧶ܵԭ򡣶ɻ󣬴ԴڰԪܣ֮ǰ˵ġ㻣ҡ仰ȻΪҶýɫİԪƭ
Ǻǣ㻹ͦҶ֮ͨ׽ŪǽƾͼƣΪɫǰԪܡ
ԾɰŰɣԪǲױ֮ģηҲԲ뵽ƱΪɫǳѪԵʡ
Ʒ׵磬ǳ׵ףõѪ֮󣬵׵֮йصѧõҶҲ֪飬ԲµƵı仯ͳѪйء
ߣҸڵڡûٴ𻰣ݵ˼֮˵
ŶôģҶЦʣʵıܲ³е뷨ۼñٻҶ쾹ȻٴΰȻĳǰһǹֻ꣬˵ϷһЩ֪飬Ȼ㲻֪֮еģҶĶ֣ԹϷڵͼԱ
ϸǣҷڵӦܹϡջ
ҶԲݸǼҪȾָڵȴö֪ǿЦ֮
ղǂT棿ҶûдӦҲûܾ󣬷һƺɵ顣
һͷʱԶԶһۣղˡ
ҶͷȥֻһƬΪͰïܵĹľԣľԵïܺʺϲˣ֮ǰڸߴûܿ壬˵ĶҲڹľеĂT档
ѾܹȷûеõڵصҲΪ壬Ҷ첻żطǸģкЦǵЦŲڹľʲôèè


193 Űɱ
һŭɫһʱҶֻҲ㲻ϣɵڣҶȡЦֻѹŭ𲻸ҷ
ڵģҶЦن£TѾϱۣҶΪˣҲ˵صҲԹһ𣬿ҾȻһҲΪ塣
侯ĶҶ죬Ȼָֺ̽ӣڵ˺
Ҷûע⣬֮ϸȻ￪Լˮļ
Ǻˮ伱Ҳûа취ҶͣΪ˼ҵڵǸϽ
ǺǣҲҪڵҶ쵭Ц֮԰ΪƭǰȥѰڵûڵȻ죬ļѰңҶû֮ǰ֮Ի͂T˵ҲΪѰڵȻ
ģѲк󸣣ڵĺ󸣡ԲȰ˵Ȱ˵ˮƽȷʵܵ͡
İ취˵ҶϷŪ
֧֧޷
˴Ƶӵˮļڵпͱ嵽֪ȥˣҪѰң˵жǿڵӹǵҶתٶȺʡ
ԡ
䣬ĪҪٷѿ࣬ڵΪԹԵߵ֮˷ڵˮѰ˵ǶԵ֮ˣҿÿƭҿûôءҶЦͬԵˣɽҪĿҲΪȾָرܹõȻǺãòҲ˿ʧ䣬οѾڻԵɺ֮»ĳѪδӡ֤ӸղŵĽɫ㲻ѿʵӦѾһʵķԾ
ΪɱңɫƭҶ첻ֻд²ߡ
Ϊɱ㣿ҶЦʡ
ڵڲԶĺô񲻿ϧҶĵ˲
ɱȥѰҲ޲ɡҶȥһϵС棬̬ʮɣ˿ûа
ҶȻɥ֣ѵҪϾɱƭɸţŲָĳɶ֮顣
Һʱɱ£Ҷüʵ
ȷʵҶɱģҲȷЩΪߵԭΪѡʱҶɲзϡ
ȥҿԻô˿̣ķӦȻĳ棬ɲ̻һ¸ɼ֮ʱȷƽ
ҪáҶ첻мЦ
䲩䲩ʯǡ䱾˵䲩ʯ˵ڱ߼ʱסεǶˣʱִѹ䲩Զһ˵סô
òġ
ҿ԰ϡ
ȳ֣
ҺôҲǡ
֣
Ҷ죡̫
ҶĲѾ͵ļޣֻʶȻŭǳ
ұɱ㣬㣬үүͲҶУкܴϵΪƺͲ׵䲩ԶƤӵ½ɽɱҲͲȥ
ܶ˶ǰϲҸɣʵ˶ѡֱӳ֣ҵɴΪûףҪѹԷҶ첢ˣǾҪס
ȴ⣬ȻΪҶǱԼͻȻǵƸŵˣǸϽȴʦʵҷŶԣǺǣ¹˭δ֪
ǶʦҶһɱѶȣ
δ䣬ҶȻӰζ̤ʩչһ¿оһҫۣǰ
ʧɫһҶٶȱ֮ǰԸ죬ҲУɫâȷʵƶǰԪܡ
ϾҲһʦʦʵٲȻƵ϶ڣȻԾȴδҡ
˿ԺеתʽҶ̫죬ѾûԹʽӲʱˣȡǷֶΡ
˫۽滤֣Ԫ˲䱩ɢһ˲ֳǰ
飡
һ촫ʮ֮ԶҶ²һһ飬ɢ١
㡭
ʧɫҪ˵ҶȻͣٵٴϣʽȻƣȻǳ
εľԶһЩ˲ķӦʱ䣬ֻ˫ƱãƣǰֳͬĲơ
˷Ԫƣĳѧѧ˻ƽƷʹԲֹˡ
ҶȴֵһᣬƱǻƽ׾Ʒͻ˱Ľ綨ͳѪĸı䣬ѾؽƷ
͡
ǡ
ƻв֮˲ź⣬ɫĹâ˸貣̵Ŀš
ױ֮ƵƵǲͬѸټ۵ԪҲͬ˿˿ƵɢΡòƬ̣ƾͻᴩ͸룬ֱؿҪ
Ȼˣĳ˷ԪȴҶͷһ裬Ҳǳ϶ȻʦʮʮСֻһ죬Щƾɢһ޴ӿȥ
ɣͣʵȴ쳣һɢһǿ
Ҷüͷ΢壬֮ǰ͹ʵҲǵ͹ѡ
顭
ӶЩײҶ֮ԶԪҲǵô˿̣ڳ׵ҶƱΪɫʵ
ΪҶ˷İԪܣȻΪͼģȻһξ߱ĽǽߣϵܵİԪв
ǣ产Ȼ󾪣û˵Ԫܻ󣬾鼮мأɵİԪҲֻշĶѡ
Ȼ𾪵ĻζĽ۶ɵ񣬵ȴ֮ǰ޶¡ڴ֮ǰҶĽɫȻЩɣڣСҶǻĳ
Ҷȴδע⵽һ󣬵γȻȻơ
״𾪺סҶǰιӲӲӦԣƹһգԴ˷Ҷٶȳֻ֣ѡܿ
ܴ룬ӵ̤ҶܸĻ᣿
˿ѾƳ֮ԶͬʱżأԻ롣

ƿһɾͻȻԺ󱳴Ȼͷֵɨȥ
ͷ˲ʶѾʼɢļܹѵûгãΪһӳѪһ̣ܵԼļ粿мɣϣȻ
ӼмĲλҶһ֮»Ϊ촷ۣ
ͨ
Ƭ̹ϰƮѪӿ£졣
ҶüʵûҪŰɱ䣬ķΪɫ֮ϡ
ŰɱһʦǿֻҪƣѪ㵽׸Ҵ˶ĸı䣿ҶĿķҵķͬҲҵķ
֮ĳԹʱһˣ


194 ج
ɱ֮Ҷ첢ûм̻طң￪ǵ֮ǰȻڳڵǺܴѣܹ֮ȴҲٺò
˿ҶվһʵĶ֮ϣ·ļĺӿаɣˮͷ˻Ĵ±ӿһ˶ߣ¡졣
ҶĿԶӵķ֧ڶ䣬ڵУӦ˳£Ӱˡ
һᣬҶ춯طкܶණҪܵõԵ߾֮˻һ㲻١
һ·ۣʱҶԵشʵճҶٶȣһʱԻط;Щ⣬ԵµһЩʱ䡣
ν⣬޷˼ͷޣЩ޲Ǻǿ󣬵ҲͨĴڣҶ쾪ȵ֮ƺʮֺ£ݵĶ֮󾹷׷롣
һҶɻ󣬲ܿóۡķǺͳѪйأڳѪҶϢ΢Щ޸Ǹܵ΢֮ΪΣĳڸͼȾָĽǰȴֲˣžӴܡ
Ҷ׷ŹЩ޵ƷȻǺܸߣҲﵽһɹڵĵزûһ˵ǿԻǺܴ󣬾Ҷ켸׷ɱյõڵһö̶֮
öڵڸոɣ̺㣬֮Ҷ첢ûо̫Եı仯Ҳͻ֮ơ
ȻͻƽߣҶȴûѡɱޣһܹڵ޲Ҽﵽ̶ֳȣҲδؾͿ϶̻ڵ·żͿѰҲͬѰҪѴʱ䣬µĿ껹ȷΪü֮Ƚס
һ·ҶֹһλĻεгвûм˵һֱΪʂTͷйӽɽҾֻʣһϹ۵ؼеĿԺܴ
˵ӦòᷢȻʵǿûﵽһܹ䲩ԶһϸµĵزӦòᷢʲôʡ
Ҳ֪ˡҶԾɽ꣬԰ֶȥ;УԼķ
ҶóѪﱻٻ٣ҪѰѰĹȴδֵַӰ˵ѾȥûҾͲö֪ˡ
ճȷʵӦûطңҶ쵣ĵԼ嶯֮ȥѰ˱ҪĻпܻɽ֮С
һᣬҶҡҡͷȻʵԽӵеˮ޺۵ɽӦҲʲôΣգ쳣ǿޣּС֮СΪǿ޵ضֲɵȻùͷ
Ǻǡô뷨ҶŲݸһʦʦ綨˵ǿ֮ȻһǿߵİΣⲻô
ڲϵıǿĹ̬Ҳ֮΢ת䣬Ҷ֣ڵʵ缶ɱʦ練ƣһʦȻ벻ķۣ﷮ȻȻľͳһߵһѵİΣΪǿеʶ⵹ǿߵԸΪ΢̬仯ʶٻ˲õ
˿ҶѾĽֵ֮ϣʣ̿ϴƣȻкܶˣ¿ʮɵĽֵȻӵĦ࣬С
ʹСС쳣𣬷׷ææЦߺȣֺ
ҶһС̯λ֮ǰͷĿ󺰹ϰ壬ʵϰ壬Ǯ
ϰæҶһۣ֮Ǻһͨ´յʱаѪ߰ߣͷģ䲻׶񣬵ʵˡȴЩ죬ļ
ϰ壿Ҷߴ١
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·̷ĳüʹǮܶ˱ֻʣӣҲֻܸǮ¡
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СһתͷԱ̯λСӣղ㿴û
զģΪӵС
ûզе죬벻˭ûšСҡҡͷȻ˼
ݣҿеġĭɣһҪƷˣҲ⣬ĿҶıӰȥ
һᣬǸҶ졣
ɶǰСǳԾΪղʵС
ݣŵǸİɣӦֻǳѣҶʲôܴôݰӿСΪεġ
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ԶѾ߳ʮ֮ԶҶͽȻֹ
ѽСһΪ˵껰ոհͷתʱǰѾһѪ۵ˣҲֹˣ˵оȻһƽ⡣
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ղ˵
ɶҲû˵㿪Ҷ˵꣬СǻҾ
Ҷüͷ壬̯λСڡΪСĽкֱɱ̶һʱͷ˷׷׿˴
ڣҶɢſſ͵۵ǣ˨ʵλ磬ֻ£޼Ӻ֮ġ
СҶýݣͷǺ£ҽ֮޷ڵΣ˷ֱӹڵأͷġ
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Ҷ֣ʾ鷳
㣬ҸղҺң֮䷢ʲôôҶ콫ˮƻ԰ġ
С״ȥһڣȰգĵ㻹֪ұˡ


195 
ˡ
⼸ͬǧ޴ҶĿڣʹʶĻһ
о֮˶ϲҥҥ׽Ӱǲ׽ӰҲзӰɹǲ׽֮޷粻ˣСȻǻƣҲͷ
СҶɫѿȻ뵽ҶҲͷ£ֻԼǵҶ춯ŭ
ε֪Ƭ֮Ҷǿס񣬾ѹͿǣʵ
СҲ˵ġСʮֽţ˵ʱʱ͵Ҷ졣
˭˵ģҶʡ
иøҵġ˵Сæ죬ǵҶȥ鷳
Ҳø磬ֻϸ˵Ҷ֪Сʲô
СԥƬ̣֮̾һøҵҵġ
ϸ˵Ҷߴ١
ǶһȾƣҼһȳһա
ص˵Ҷٴδϡ
Ҷ˿̵ɫѿΪС̶̵ļ仰ѾԶ϶˲ǲ׽Ӱ֪顣
С˼Ƭ̣֮󻺻ʱʱĹ۲Ҷ췴Ӧºһŭ֮ºԼ
С˵꣬Ҷһŵ˽⡣
СøҵһǰҹͻȻټ֣֮Ҫǿңо岻ԸҲֻܷҹжչڶн֮ʱ޲סЬӣ֮ʱзһҹɱ룬ű
ܣﲢĶ֡ҶɫÿȻ˵ţȴоһ˿ԤС
Сûƭ
ҶִŽ͵Сת̽뻳Խлһ뵽δв
лҶС˹֣ȥǮƣպϱǣ鲻ÿͷŵһα֮С
С˿ŵЩ̱Ҷȥʱһں治סĹͣζ
Ҷ첢ûһ·۸Ϸҡ
·;УҶ䲩Զ˵˵ܿѾɽУʵȴˡ
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ǾСеø磬˼øֻͣһͨѣ䲩Զﲻ£ٵ£пܵĽӦұŶԣСøȻ͸ڷ磬˵ѾȻطҶⳡսºΪ٩٩̸ʱ
һ̸ܹʵȻԼ飬Ǿ˵ҺҵĴս˳֮ѹʹұ٣ⲻϳǡ
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԰־뼯вǺԶԼСʱ֮ҶڸϷҡ
԰ְ֮ԶʱҶ͸о紵дѪζ
С˪壬ǧҪ°ҶֻоͷһɱϢȫʹ֫ɫɷס
ٽһЩҶѾ԰ֵ֮ͥǰ˿ȺصͭպϣŵĻҲԲ֪١
һĻҶͷĲŨңҹؼϣǷʲôĻԲ޹ڡ
ҶվǰƬ̣ʶȥͭţƸոմ֮ʱȴͻȻЩ
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ҶͷһĵͷȥĿѱѪȾʯ棬ʮʬ尲ϣѪѾɺԣʬҲյıɹ֮΢иá
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ݵľŭҶ侲ΪҪԵģпܻԼʧأʹ顣
ĽŲżЩϣԶҲ·̡
ͨ䲩Զ˪ۡ·̣·̹ٴηޱ䡣
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Ĵ˿̣ҶѾһ·ϵѾľľԭ򲢲Ϊʬ壬ΪԸţȴòŵʵ
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գ䳡ͽѧĴڣÿգҾ񾡽Ծۼڴˣɽ˺䲩ʯһµĴ£СϣһƬپ
䳡ɽ˺ֻ˶Ѿû˶Ѿʬ塣
䡢ҡ
ҶֹԼᣬϢڣѪȺ͸

ҶҲ޷Լеѹֺͱʹ쳤Х˻ߣ
Ӭܵľţٶȷ׷׷ɢƬƬģͬһ㣬˵ʬ֮࣬ڲ֤ʵ
ʹĳХڰյ󷽲ЪֹҶҡͷ󲽣䲩Զ˪סȥ
Щ飬Ҫԡ
Ųɿ죬Դӹ䳡֮ʬɢҲϡȡ̮֮ķͱϵĹżɽ˵˫֮䶥ֵսǴ⿪ʼģ֮䲩ԶûЯ˪ȥѡҹ
Ҷ첢⣬һ֮Ȼ˵ҲҪҶ˪浽ʱ䲩ԶܹۿļҵԼУΪԼĹǧֵܲ¾
㣬Ҳ壬жѪԣ
Ҷ첱΢Ĵ˿̣Ѿκ飬ҪģϸĿĵļסÿ˵ӣЦòӡԼͷȻǸԼѪծѪ


196 Ǳ
ǰưܸ˵Ĵ˿̣ѾѾβٶǰвԶ䲩Զĸۡ˿̾缤˴򶷹µʯ䲩Զ̮ۡ룬֮ǰģ
ԺţҶ̿䲩Զֻ˿Ѿһ߱ʬ壬ŵģĿġ
Ҷвûг˺ʹ෴ģʮ򶨣Դڳޣֳ֮֮УսתΪһ仰
壬ҰϢ
ҶὫ䲩Զŭŵ˫Ŀϱպϣû˵°䣬Ϊ°Ҫʵж֤ҪŵѪʬΪ֡
򵥵Ľ䲩Զʬ٣ҶٴѰ»˪䲩ʯ䲩ͷֵʬ岢δҵҶҵ֮ǰңΪĸ֮·ҪÿһʱĿ⡣
Ѱãÿһʬ飬Ҷ첢ûҵ˵ʬ塣
ֿܣһ׵ʽ֮£Ȼʬ޴滯Ϊ촷ۡǱΪѪ͵˰ȫĵطǱܡ
һĿԺܴ󣬵ڶ㼸ûпܣΪֿԻ˪һͬȥ䲩ʯ䲩缴лҲ뿪ҡ
ڵ㣬Ľ֣ҲпܵĽ֡
Ѱ޹Ҷ췵䲩Զʬڣֱ򵥵˼㣬ʬ岢δֱӷٻ䲩ԶĹԷԼĹ
ҶȻתԾ֮԰֣̤ǰҵĵ·

ϣ벻Զаʮ·
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۵һű󺺣˿˶ɫ죬һľ
վסѵ֪ҵ԰֣һδסҶȥ·Ȼ֮ȴ¶͹Ƶ飬еֲζ
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ұڶһȻȻĽΪһΪһƱȻˣֻǿŻжʮ֮ࡣ
ҶһնɱǰǸ϶٣û˿ԥ
ʣЩһʱԭأҲ֣벻Ȼ˸ҵſɱˣΪڻڰԶ·
ȻֻǶݵģҲûϳҶ
ͷȥͨһյһžװõĴǰʾ
Ǻô󺺲֪̫ĸֻмİ˰֣С»Ҫǵļķ
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ôΪţĻѾһӵϣΣ˸Ⱥеͷ졣
ৡ
ҶӰذӻÿһγֶĺ˸ÿһֶһͷ䡣
ֻʮ촦ֻʣ֮ǰſĺô󺺡
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ˡ
ҶƵʬ壬ˡǰǸ֣Ҳ˵˼
ĿŹ֮Ҷ첢ûŶ룬˷ȻѰ𣬵ȴͨѰҪɱͳÿһ빥ҵ˶Ź
ԣ侲ѡǱ룬󻯵ı֤ɱ֮ˡ
˿ҹɫ΢ԣĽʱɫѾܳһҹڵҲ졣
Ҷ췭ǽŶʮɿһӰҵŽ֮һʯ᷿Żס˰ΪʵʱܹжνжȻͳһ
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ڵȴĹУ·ԵסвϴȽкǻȭȾƣǵҶ֪ҪϢ
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ԺڿɼĵطӰ䲩ʯڱĳ߱ڵʴ˲ü
ҶĿһ·ɨʮĸִ²ע⣬ΪϰЩʵ̫ߣƽʱҪǴиˣҪǾģߵʵôΣ尲ȫһΪӡ
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ΪҶɻһ֮ǰҶйӴʱҶֻһĶߣȴˣ棬ɴ˿ɼ˲Ҳ˼ʲô顣
磬ôˣԺڱٴδΪУ䲩
ҲҶһ뵽йӺ˪Ҳпڴ˴ȻǱеϲһԺ䱱ǵһĿȻ
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ҶĿϸֻ䲩ʯȻͷԣѪ߰ߣɼأؿڴƤʽɫҲֹһ֮Ŀġ
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Ĵ˿̣TŷȻȫޣ֪Ϊʹʧһ۵Եʻԭװġ
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ҶĳֺͻȻڳ˭û뵽ҶץסᣬǷӦ֮ǰٹ񣬼Ȼ֪ΨһҪģɱһɱ׬һ
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ҶͻȻʹڳ֮޲ȻĿֻˣ䲩ʯ䲩綼㵲ѡ
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νֻ̣Ҫ÷²ܵĥĵ׷ҲȻҪݻ٣ԣҶ챻ѪȻ䲩ʯ˵֪
ȻҶҲж֣Ϣʹ䲩ʯңֻһȴղ
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Ҷ죡ȾѣȻվɫΪ塣
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֮˽иӦҶ֮һƵвΪԷûܸӦĵΪûüӦ
ҲΪˣȻͻϮҶ˽вмԲɷҶʵǡ
ܺáֳ֮ڣǵڶӦˣΪһֱͲɫֻڷſڡ
˿̂TڵϹӱ̵ӡϻһʲôĸо׸
ҶûнӻֻɨһۣԵĻģԵʵͬ벻Ҷ֮ۡ
T˻ҺʹʹȴʣҲҶ첻ȡԭ򣬺ܶʱնɱ֮˲ܳ׳ǶԱ֮õĸο
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˵գǰһֱûմƵȻϵֻƱ
ߣԺأҶָָԣЦǻһ߰ɣȪ·Ҳ顣
֮ǰ֮ԣɱҶﲢѡԸȶ֮˺ãҶûãһʵԲ顣ű֮ģвҲᱻԷ塣
񣡡Զ԰ӵȻŲɣҶĳҲ˿ֻбʤ֮ģԸͣΪ˷ϰӵȣȻûˡ
ԲҲֻŲһҶϱǵЦĵЦɸ˾衣
ڴ֮ǰʮλִѾ׷˳ȻվǴ˾Ϊ޷Ҷ챩ܹ֮ȫܶˣͬʱҲΪУҶ֣ܹ֮¡
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Ѫ𣬵ǺģǺȾƾҪһɣǰǱ͵ҸС
￴Ҷ̬ı仯ٶȳ񣬲δ˵꣬Ҷ㽫֮ϡ
ⱭͬСҶ˵գ̤ʩչգ֮䵽࣬Ҳûж֣̽ץϾƱˤ顣
룡Ҷˤ֮ȻԵúǵҶĿղ΢ⷭٶʶҪصľٶ
ҶˤΪ˼Բ֮ٷϻ
Ǻǣ˼ЦץƱǳһڣȴַŻϡ
Ҷ쾲Ŀһٶ˼Ҳԣɱ֮ٺȲ١

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𣬱յڻζ֮ȣ˸˺ɣӡ
εĶԻν󣬵ȴδо֣Ϊ˶֮̽ʱԪΪ̽Էʵ
ԽԽ˼ݵĳĬȿڣڸղǴζԻУܵҶΪڶʦڣȫʵֹز
ԽԽû˼Ҷ漴Цڣ֮̽ʵҲһŵ˽⣬Ԫ֮Լͺܶ࣬ӦΪĶʦڣвӡ
ȻⲢҶ쳰ԭΪ֮ǰѾ϶Ѫа䣬ѪаĸǻѪ辭Ѫ辭һĹܹһʱڽʵǰҪ
ԣֻԪ˵ʲô෴ģк֡
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ãȥϼ˵շδʹǰıյƺֱơ
Ҷ״üͷ΢壬ǰߵķӦϣΪǰöԷȻŭΪһԸ֮ˣҶˣȷʵԸһﲻԼʵûʸԸŭ
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202 ʩС
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Է˷ζŴսѾ״죬ֻһ𷽲ܹ
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ͬʱֻҶ˵ΧУײڰԪ֮ϣҶֻ΢͵ȴ
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ȴʲôȴҶû̫ܵӰ죬ִǵȷ˵Ҷ졣
˵Ҷ֮ǰģִ֮£ǵȻһ뷨
編ƣһCתԵ˵
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Ҷ찵Եʱʮλִٶϣ˲ԣǳĬվλҲôҡ
Ҷһ˿ײЦ⣬ӭУǰһӡҲ̰ģֻҪ˱ɡ
転ȭCߴõľҵѧ転ȭ
Ҷܣ転ȭѧֻͳ̶ȴǲС
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Ȼ֪Ҷͣʲôͨȴ֪ûܱܿҶƣһҺ֮͵Ϯֱһ֮±ըѪɡ
ڴͬʱ죬Ԫ˲ʱ˼֡
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˫ٴθվ˷ִ֣һۣҶ콥·硣
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˷Ǿǵģǰʩչѧڳʱ򣬶ڽʹöԷо֧Ѿ쵽ȫԸʱ̡
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ݵĶ֮ҶѾһֲԤУ岻Ժδȴ޴ӵ֪
վγҶûв׾ֱˣ˼ֲҵıӡ


203 ܵ
ô˿̣Ⱥִ²ʶҶĿֲֻǾֵĿҶ죬ҶЦǾͽ֮⡣
һȺһ̾̾Ϣȴǲм
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Ҷ춢ЦȴҲ飬ͬʱÿϷĿǣλɱǾûˡ
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˵ģǺôҲΪҳꡭֻǲмڳȣжȰ֮ԵȺΪ飬෴ģǾѰһЩε̫¡
ҵԸΪҷǣһִº˽ԵΪˣû뵽߽쾹Ȼһ̬άٶһʱͷοֻƽʱΪûҪͷ
Ҫ˵飿ҲȣĻˡƺ̫ãԵļȰ˵ܲ͡
⡭ƺǳߣ䶥ҲЩ޴
үҵ֪㿴ǲ𣬵һëСӿ»ûϸ缸ŵ⣡ǰǳ߲죬Ƣ̫ãＸˣͷá
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ҶҡͷЦ׼û׼
СҵȶƤ
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ۿ˵ͣһִͷҲֻڰŲӾ磬֤̬²ԥһԾҶɱ
εĳĺԹֻأ֮ǰȻһɱС
Ⱥ˵׺ģҶ쿴㶼㣬˵ѾһȺˣںʱȥҶ˵㡣

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ƵȻȺϵı黹ڼնɱҶĿϲ֮УһȴоһʹѪڸԵ屩ɢ
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ĲɱڲŸոտʼ

նɱһִ֮Ҷ˿ͣһ̤棬ͬʱ̤ʩչƽֱȡԡ
Ҷ쿴³çľٶʵ򾭹˼ǣֱȡԹȻܵļйܺùȶ֮ǣƵľ档
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״кɫһҲȴԮ֣䲩ʯ䲩˳ȥ
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Ҷѳɣ;еĻܿ⵽ɣʦʵûɱҲ¡
һжڵʯ֮䣬Ҷڼ̵ʱϡɱδܳɣؾҲδؾܾ䲩ʯ˵Ѿأξ񡭡
ͲҪΪҶѡʱѾ뵽һ棬ʵϵƣҶһʼûҪ뿪˽䲩ʯ䲩磬֪ǻʲôľٶ
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䲩û˵ѡʹ䲩ʯ޶¡
ҲߣһΪǱ𣡡Ҷһ˺ܿ챻ѵĳȡ²ӯʱ򣬱ҶеΨһĿġ
໢ƣ˿Ѿ䲩ʯǰû뵽˻ѡԾΪҶȡʱ䣬ҪԮȻΨһıó໢
ΪҶ켫壬һΪĹΪҶضԮͬʱԼˣȫû뵽䲩ʯ˻ȡ壬ΪϣͲñȣԾ
һ˲䣬ҶȻԱϾǵ֮Ųңȭ̽ͬʱ˲ʱֳһͷͻĳΡ
飡
죬ƺԪͻײһ𣬽˲ѹ죬ԶΪģһɼΪԵľɢΧʮ֮ﾡƷɣȻΪֹ˼ʮɣֱǽΧԵʱ費ɢͻ֮½ʯΧǽѺ۲ɢ
һԵɳȥֱʯһ㣬ײƷţĴ֮С
֮Եʹʿ֪⧲ȭδɵ½Ҷȫһһʲôĺ
ֱ۶ֻõĽ֣ң֮ر۶ֱĽ
һ֣ҶɣΪﲻ֮Ƭ֮ǰԮݵʱҶƽԡ
ţڵ沿ǲرŤıԿƲõҲ̫
Ҷ죡
ﱩŭðǿ̾ʹ׹š
״Ҷһݣµת˲֮˸ܵС


204 ʯ
Ҷ쾪㵵˲䣬оһɼΪԵľӿͬʱ鳹飬һɲ
ɱ㣡ҲǴһҶϵһ۲ϵ˺ⲻ˴ˡ
Եʽǳ໢ƣ˲ж˵ţڶһ۵¹ƾȻʹ͵ŭ£ƴʢ
Ҷ쿴ǰĳ໢Ȼ˲ûۣԵıۼХҶš
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໢ƣǻƽƷѧԷ転ȭΪǰͰԵز㣬һҲѧͨ
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뵽һ㣬ҶУԶ˵ļйҶ첢ûѡӲҲûѡˣվ
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˼״һ㵣ʧɫȻ֪Ҷȴ֪档
˷ֱʯֺк֣Ծûôˣ໢ƵĴɵʢŭ֮ȫУҶ֮ǰ룬ȫоζԼʱӦԱʡ
ʲôڼȶĽֵǰͻȻΪʡ
ԿҶ츹ܵѳɶ֣һ˵
ʵɣȷʵǲɵʵҲֱӵĿҶתΪԺ︸Ӷ˵ĶԻ
״ͷ󺧣ԼԵʵָƣҲ˵Ȼϱܴȫʢ֮ʱҲδܵסԼȫһ
ϾǷ֮ˣԪ͵Ҳкһǿֱ֮ҶСҪ·֮һǡ
Ҷ찵ڰԪȻշɣܵĹ֮Զ֣ɫһСתζΪͼƽ˼ǿȡ
飡
УԪӦѣСǿֱ֮ɱҶǸоһʹ嵹ɳȥ
飡
ͬʱԵĹҲײһ֮ǰ߹Ҷ죬ڴ˷ײ֮Ҳɳȥʮ֮Զ
Ҷǰ࣬Ԫƿ̶ֳȣԸղŵһоʵʵĹڡ
ԷйԹɢȻͣǵĿԺڣߺһڶݵľ֮ٴΰζֱϮҶ졣
˿ҶոСдޱȵʹʵճ˵Ԫܲ޷룬֪ΪΣ߷ǹϢǹ죬ܹ룬ֱҶСϻһСڡ
˿ڲȴʮ룬Ҷʹĳ̶㣬ֱӻĶǳ
Ѫˮ䣬ҶȴϾ˿ڣΪԵĵڶιȻǰ
ղŵǴνȻڵʯ֮䣬ҶʹóʹԭΪѶҶ˲ƣԪպǾտ˷ڵϵľˡ
ҶҲƣȴò˵ղŵĶԾҸ·硣
ʹԽıŭвԶ˵ӺˣŪĸо˳ȴûҶ߷ߡ
˷ֹƸʢǳ໢ƣԪ۶ɵĳ໢ȻХ˳ֱ֮ͳգۼûһһɵȻ
Ҷ״ͫ΢ΣҪľǱңһж̸
ͻȻ˵ǰҶ⼴㷢̤ҲȫֻӲƴִٳӲƴ֮ߣΨнͻһ
סԪܿ϶УҶԼԪܿԵס໢޷໢ǿͳ
ȻԪܲɣҶ˼˲ת𴦣໢ԪۣҪͣ΢д֮
뵽Ҷּڣ˲ʱһ޴Ԫж࣬ǿ͵ǳ໢֮Ȼδֱɢȷȷͻ˰֡
ܶʱֻһ˲֮䡣
ԣֵͻȻ㹻Ҷҷ

̤ʩչҶ켱ӽͬʱɫƺţֱȡͷ­
ԺȻʧɫ֪ҶҲҶı£û뵽ǣ֮ǰҶЩԶԶʵӣȻص֮
ҶһȻףͻķȴϸĵѡ࣬Ϊ۶ۣұ۸ոմ߶໢ƣһ޿ɱܡ
ô˿Ҷ췽Զһ¿̾ȻʡΪ⴫˵֣紸
˪
Ҷ׻˪ǣĵβĳͻݵ˲䣬Ȼ㿪ƣŤͷԺӶȥ
֮ҶʧȥĿ꣬޴йֻת䷽λǽǽ̮ɣһҶϽĿȥ˪Ӱ
мƣҶаԽеȻ֮Ҳ˵ʵΣֻĻҲԲԼ֮¡
Ҷ죬ҹȻûп㡣︧Цྪδƽվߣɫʮ־衣
Ҳ͹㡣Ҷشȷʵ͹ͬģ˿Ҳһɨա
ɱԱݶָҶе
ġҶԲмһЦ׻˵Ȯӣ仰ڴ˿Ӧ˵Ȯ
ǰǾ仰ΪĵȻΪĵȻǺ󰭣ҲҶĵԭ
Ϊ֮Ի˵Ȼûп㡱仰ΪҶ죬෴ģΪҶ죬˽ϲ˿ޣ֮ܵԴᵼ³֮ģ֮һ֣֪
Ȼ֮⣬ﻹһ˼Ǿǽ˵ʱ䣬ΪҪָղΪ˹ҶͱȫԣѾԪתҶ죬൱ں޷ƴɵĳ໢һ֮£кã
˿ҶĸѪҾղŵ֮ѪҺʸ졣˷֣ͣҶеĸܵǹ֮Ϊ֮ûֶͣʧ˿ڻ롣
ҲҶ쿴ͼ֮Իԭ
ģɱԱҶȴûжֵ˼ʹǰߺΡ
£ټ˪͵ǰԸĵطִԵĴߴ٣ֱҶ죬һЦ
˷ﻰͼԣΪûʲô˵Ҷġ
ȻҶһɫº֮ή


205 ŭ
غ壬һ֪Ҷ˪ûʱɱ˪
һĶΪҶǣңȻ˪ûôҶһҪҪǰǱ֤Լ֤ԼͲʹ֮ǰƵʽѹ
ڶĶΪҶĴ˼ɣʱɱԺɱҪЮ֮¶š
ĬƬ̣ҶЦɾתΪм
㻹ô
Ŷ֪ʣһԩɫ
˾˵İ취ŮҪЮ㲻кҶǰ˫ȭ߬
ƺʲôЦһ㣬ɡ
ɣ˵һνʱҶ㱻һͷʱûκιϸ
ʱţգ֮ʱҴҶڶδֵʱȻҵĴݲ»һ
ĪҪƲ㣡Ҷһһ䣬۽΢΢鶯
һЦɫתҪƵ𣿡
һŮӶҲѧ첻κвҶǸӣжﱰоıӣж˪˰Σġ
⵹ʵԣնݳҲ˵˪ûܲﲻڰɣЦŸ˫֣ɫһ衣
Ҷüͷ΢壬ȻǣԿ˼
ΪˣҶҲο֮ô˵Ϊ˺Ҷʱ䣬ֶʵȴڱԴ߳Ԫתͼˡ
ҶȻȴδƣ˵ͬʱ˺һ䣬ڸ˿֮СôЧ΢΢ֹֻѪá
״Ц˿ͨԪѹƼҶ֮˿ɾûôˡ
ɷؽһƷѧһֱز¶Ŀұ֮һ壬ߵԪƵʺͳ̶ӿٶȣҳ˼ѧ޷ƽ⡣ɷȻֻҪϵסʱ䣬ò˶ö־ͻٹһʱ䣬ǾѪҺĽ֡
ҶеıɷȴҪԭҲҪˣĿĺȻǵȴҶѪҺһ̡
ʱսʤ
뵽˴΢΢һ˿Ц
˪һʤ㴦áҶ첢ûз쳣ʵϲҶûܷ֣Ϊʾա
ƾʲôԣֱɱ񲻸ãһɱͬ̽ȡ顣
ôţ̤֮ΪõңҶ첻мʡ
ǺǡֻһЦ𣬼Ȳ϶Ҳ񶨡
ҾһսǱȫҵΨһ취Ҷ䲼ϵ
ŶǺţƺȤͷʵ
Ҷ򵥵Ĵ˿ڣֱֻһʱﵽʦڣǽѣٹһ룬ұؾ֣
ⲢҶҫԼͻٶȣΪܵвҶ컰˼ԣӦҵǾԲӲӲģɽڣȻ񣬷پ
˵ͷǹȴƫƫ˲ӡ

΢΢з紵һƬ˺ѵĴֽƮƮӶ֮仮
ԣһҶĿ̩ɽֽǡɵסҶߡ
ϧ߲ѣ
ͽȻ𣬽һֱϮҶؿڡ
֮ԶҲѲ˱оҶһľٶԤϵУ̤ʩչǴݵĶһ
״üͷ壬ʱ㣬Ҷ˿̵ѪҺȻᶳᣬȴҲԵЧҶȻûܵ˿Ӱ죬ɲ̫ϳ
˵ߣסҡķӦҶ쿴ͬʱԺеת˷Ӧԭ
̤ľɣ͵ϮɹҲԭǵʲôء
ʱҶ˿ڴٶȴһ֮֮;֮ϣ͸Ѫ⣬ѪҺ֮󣬰һ죬Ȼ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ˣҶаһɻԴûܷӳеáѪҺĹЧǳ˱ϮѪҺҶʵĿǼѪĪ˵΢֮ŵ˵ɽҪ֮ڻҲ¡
뵽ҶȻȻ֪⺮ΪȴȷԼ˿в
壬죡ҶǺһЦͷ
۽ǿһ£ͬʱпٷԭβ²⣬ҲֻһıԼ񶨡
죬һ㺮ΣҶɫȷԼϲǳûԳͼһս
ҴӦͻȻ̧ͷЦ˵
ȻҶģڴ֮ǰԼﶼܹԴ˷ǲɻ
С˪Ǵ֮󵱻طһսҶ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ벻ͨͲ룬ʲôƣ˪ԼܱȱѺ
ǿɲУӮҡ˵ʱ죬֪ڿЩʲô
㵱ɵӣҶ첻мЦҪȷǷ񻹻š
Ƕ˵ôɱˡﵧϵĻҳʮƽ
ҪҶ˲ʱôǵʵ̫㷺ţãΪūΪҲãǲйãôã϶ùǡ
ȱһŵĹǸвŮĻɫö˫ϥǡڳСúá˵˵ʱƽƺлҳ
Ҷӣδӻ
أҲһò£ֻйУһҪһҧ˵ǡ﷢ЦĵҸ˵ɲҪ߱ˣѧѪڵһطʧȥǣʧȥǺоԼһǣָ˵ҧ˭ҧ˭˵շ񣿡
ҶԾδ̵ֻ֪档
ȿȡＴ˵߳˪ôǺǡ
㵽Ҷ˫ȭȻգĿ졣
Сӳò̵̵ūúãˣ֪ūΪЦſҶ죬Է𻰣ٵˣ˪ʲôϵţּԲãȻˡ
ۣ֮Ҷһһ٣ȴΪ³⼸֡
˵ҶϵܱҹŪòãҵСĺء˵Цͣô˿̣ʵĿڸˮ档ղ˵ʱıпԿǰԲֻΪҶ񣬶Ժȷ뷨ͨ˵˶Ϊ̬
뿴𣿡Ҷñ̹ǣͬʱ˫Ȼһ˿󣬽˸Ҷڵǣ󽥽۳Ρ
һڵĽ


206 ս
״˲ʱ¶ɣ֮ͨˣѪطҲûǰ١ѪѧȻѧãôȻ֪Ҷͫԭ
ֵĲǺ£һ־Ⱥɻ
ճ˵Ѫ辭彫˲࣬Ҷֻ΢ֶߵûҲû
رȥʼ֮ǰζ
һλᡣҶ첢ش
ԡҶ첻ҲûʣüͷԹԵ˼
ҶͫнģԶ϶ǰѾóѪֻԳ಻ȴѽ͡
˼Ƭ̣óԽϴĽۡ
һҶȻѪ壬֪βٿѪ辭
Ҷ첻ѾѪ辭յ˼£ﵽһշĵĵز
ϣҶ䲻֪ﵽЩʲôȴ֪϶Լ
ĪĪﲻ͵İ˰֣ҶᱩˣΪ˼֮Ҷûж֣Դ˷ᶯ֣ȻҶûбֳʲôȴףǰͬн˼
µûҶڴߴʵȴв¶ɫ˼δµľء
ﲻˣҶȫ˲ѣǰԣһ֮ҲпܣôΪôҪ۵ģһʱ䣬˪˻±ĥʲôҶ붼롣
²ߣȻ²ߣǾͱҪȨһ֮Ȩ⣬Ҷҧ¶˾ġ
νģǾǺһ
һֽ֣һֻֽʹѾӵԶ˪ʹɱ֣Ϊ֮ǰжϣͬûĥ˵ãԱŭ֮ɱ˸йߵҪѡһҪøʹ죬ܺùܾǿϰٱ
Ҷ챻ɱֽķôҲûҪƶϣΪɱ˵ʵʵĻ̸ʲôˣ˪ڳǰʵҲ֮¡
ȻһΪ鲻Ϊȫľ
ҶͬʱҲϸµķҶںгѪǶ֣ûдﵽշԵĵزΪϹޣҶܹƿس֮ôҲûվ˵ˡ
һ㣬Ǿ˵ҶȻóѪпܻáеĳҲֻǱŭ֮ˡ
Ȼͨһ㣬ʤҶӦòѣϾѪطĶʦڣһȻóѪ壬ȴѪ辭һ֪İӣȡʤ¡
֮ǰĻƶΪ˲³̽Էʵ¶ҶʵѾһµ˽⣬ҲûҪ˷ֻǺЦôͨô
ͨˣҲˣ͹ˡҶ컹Цʵ֪ҲҪ֪ΪѾƸۣԷ֮۵ǿߣҲԣҶҲûҪ˷ֻҪרĶԵмɡ
˸ԵõԼҪĴ𰸣ʣµıֻսô˿̣˵Ľʼ

з紵ɽȻͬɱͬʱɢһΪɱ˷ܣһΪŭ
εɱ˲ʱԭΧҹ䣬ɱһ֣ԺʱһƬš
˲ԼͬĶһۣ˿̵вٺκαװֻʣһ飬Ǿս
Ҷ첱΢΢΢ư벽
۽ǳ鶯˫ۻ̧һһ£黭

Ҷȷѣ̤ʩչʮһ˲ɫƼ䣬Ӧ
𰾣
ͬʱ黭ɣ˫ۼȻӿڹ⣬ƶɣۼ䷭ڲݣǵʹùĺڷ֡
һֱ㼱ӶſҧҶ졣
ҶҲܣȻӳ죬һʱΡ
״һ˿ɫڷǻƽװƷѧΪƷֻһ׵ĲྐྵȻƽ⣬ɼҶʵȻ͹١
ȹ龪ȣڷĿұ죬һɢڶٴμ˶ϣȻԪû֮ʱƾȫ
͡
ӿĺҶ췴ٳһƣӦɢ
ľٶֻڶ̶˲ɣͣͣһ̣Ҷ۽ɲ㡣

Ҷ챩һ֡ڵʵ߶ȻҲԪ
Ҷ׺ƣһ黯Ǻڷֵ·
˻˻˻
ָƺͻȻЦУһֻ׺ƾն֣
˿ҶȻǰһ裬ʱ˼֣ϣɷ߶ֱȡҶҪ
ǰ޶£ȴĶƺʶǲȻܽء
ҶһƱͬʱ߷£һɾ޴ƾԺﾡҲ⣬Ťת֮վ֮ǰ
ָٱ仯ӡͬʱʼڳȥͬʱҶֱϣգ֮ӡ
ƣ
ʵһ죬ըһɺˣɢΡ

Ҷٴκɢոأ߱ƿֻ֮ͬһӰ㼱Ӷһһĵ㼤
ŽնҶͷ΢оĲǾŽնѧﾹȻܹһƴͽִ߷
˿ҶĹ̵У任μ޿ܣΨӲһ;
ܶʱû·õ·Ϊû·˲ٳɡ
ֻҶһȻ̽ǧһ֮ɫԣһɫƣǰԪܡڶ貣ǵؽһƷѧԪܡ
飡
ȹݺݵڰԪ֮ϣһ죬ͼȻ飬ɢΡ
ײںĽԵˣȥ
Ҷ״Ҵ⣬Ųˣ˫裬ÿһǰֳһþŲվһƾ޴Ȼǰ
Ҷͫ΢⾪Žն˷ʹ˿ѷɫԣûбɣɴ˿ɼ֮ȷʵ
Žն
ﱩһ޴亭ȻʮɣҼͳֻգ֮䣬㵽ʮࡣ
ǣҶͷһŽն鱦ͨҲмأǰʩչѾڴɣ΢гԽǲףû뵽˾Ȼ
˵ԼһһܹѧյµšŽնѾһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
޴ŷԲʮɵķΧ֮ȣǽСĥСĽʵԵòһ


207 ˣ
ڵ֮£ԺڵﾡԱ˺ѣǰ䲩ʯ˵δ⣬֮޼᲻ݡ
ճڶʱڴ߷޴ĵ֮ҪݵͣϢٴγ֣ûУֻлͺľٶ֮ٶϣ浶Ҷ칥
ǿҶ챶⣬գ֮ҶȴһЩߡ
ֻؿԣ˵㣬ǿзǿз˵ʲô
˵ԾŽնĲǺ㣬ֻ֮ǻӣıɱֶθڵ֮һ֡
飡
ҶķĻϯذĵѾССײ
һײӿֳһǿ͵ľʯ˾͵ĵ澡ѣʯɣ
ܶʱ򣬲ԽѧԽǿͺоͷЩƤһɫ
ȻԱӡڶݵ֮ͣǵ͸ڳֻ֮ת˲ɢ١
ڵˣҶȣͬʱΰζӭȥ
ɫһûָܹնɱҶ죬Ҳû뵽Աӡ֮¡
ಣ
Աӡڴ͸֮ٶȻâתݣͬǰȥ
֮ͬʱҶ̤֧ºƣӡƣֱͬסĿź̴дѨ
˿ܵҶǿ֮ǰνֵУȻƻӯȱʵȴǳԿһǶΪɵģ˵ȴܴﵽʵ˺á
вͬǱͬʱɣеҲк³
뵽Ｑæ乥Ϊأ׼ɱҶ۵иĴΪͬʱұٶУֱȡҶ˫ۺỮ
ڵʯ֮ľܹʹҶƸı䷽ұԱƵҶˡ
ڰԱӡӲһ

羢ͬʱҶδȴòУֱӭУУθһ͡
Ȼ΢٣Ծɲ˿ұȻҶ˫ۣ»ѵãҶ첢ֻʩչ֮ϵĲλӲߣֱȴǶȡĿš
״һ˿ײĹЦһȻأ˲Ҷֱۡ
ʹҶͷ󾪣û뵽ﾹȻȹͷٳС
ʵұ۵бͲǱҶ˫ȥģ֪ҶҲϵҶķʽͲϵȣ˷ȻЧз쳣ԶֵİԪҶ˴󲿷˺ֱȻնء
аԪֵܵҶֱشֻһϸ˿ڷƤ⣬ɭɭ׹ǣѪ̰ͬӿżصֱۣڿһĲˡ

޴ѹȸŶܹ˵ҶȻջ԰Աӡ˺Ȼ޷ܡ
飡
߷ԲİԱӡͬǰﵱͷʶ˫۽滤סףһǿ;ŹǶϽۣﲻɿƵļٵɳȥ
һнڼ֮䣬ҶֱվǰȻײһΧǽ̮שʯûУӰ಻֪
Ҷսڸһ䣬ڰԱӡĪ֮£Ｔ㲻Ҳ޻֮
ͷ˿ֱϵƣƺأʵ˽ǡ
Ҷ̽Ӷ£ÿλӶķεʹȺٶǴ󽵵ͣ㻺֮ࡣ
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ΪȷһҶնɱ󻼡
Ų̮ʯѿ沢ûκΧ˷Ҳκ졣
ҶüͷͻȻ쳣뵽һ飬֮Իز벿ɣϾĶʦʵѪаҲԲֻɷô򵥡
ǣҶŲδֹͣҶԭλþʯѵжʮңžԽԽʯȻûдκϢ
ƽԲһ顣
ԱӡȻǿҶ첢ûȻڳѪһٸɱ²̫ʵ˵ƽ֮±ضΣգҲ϶ĳһƵе׼
뵽ҶĽŲŻûͣԭܼ򵥣Ȼ϶ֱȥ˰ԱӡһҲᰲȻ֮ҪˣܵƵǣҲ̫
Ҷ˴ڸֱۣ̤ʩչ̫Ӱ죬ͻȻѣҶİȻ㡣
¾ʯѾʮɣʯﻹûκ
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ɡ
ɡ

ɡ
飡
ھʯɵʱʯڲͻȻɢһɴһʱʯɣӰͬʱӳ
Ҷһֱڷ״̬ûз̤ܣƻʯ֮ưߣܿϬϮȡ
ͻϮУＱٺˣգۼ佫Ҷľʮ֮⡣
ʮɲһȫľ룬Ҷȫ֮·̤ʮɶת˲ʮɵľܸһӦʱ䡣
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Ҷ챾󶯣ЦһëԾĵͬʱƤһ飬Ƥȫ
üȥֱֻȻǲҲĶ۴λµӣ˿̣ԭԵյݸӹ
ΪѾû١
һƬɺ֮УٵȻڡⷭģѪȴѾȡԭݣտۿпһѪŰɫҺ
˻
Ҷ쵹һѾ֮ܳΪˣΪûܹ´ҲֻովȻѸݣ·ȫûܵӰ졣
ҶѾȷǰﵽ׻ǲ
֮ǲһ࡭

˵ˣѪѾԱӡըķѵﺬ³Ҷ˵ʲôԼҲδ֪
ֹ龰֮£Ҷǿ񣺡ǵҲȻҪҷ𣡡

˵֮󣬡ֿʼЦЦ̶ɭסҲ޷赲ЦһιеĹΧͽȻأƵѿ


208 
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Ҷʣһ˵ȳĬǵĳĬǳģ˭֪ܹҶĴ𰸻ܹһû˵ΪĲ֪
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裿ҶЦԡ
˵ǼɫѾҳƤԶҲҵǣ񶾣ɫײС
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ԣٸһλᣬ˵ǵ䣬㹷ҶתΪһһ˵
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صʱѾʱ֣Ҷҳȥĸ׵ķǰ˸οĸǼ֣֮ñȻҪĸ֮鰲Ϣ
طңҶ콫ЩѾʼʬٻһд׵֮ѾҪҹټ԰壬Хķ紵ưܲͥԺصıš
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Ҷ첢ûмڻش⣬΢΢ü½֮һȻܲϲʵȴǸҲͳڡ
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ҶԲ֪أûɵһ˿ԤУǻͷңңȥ

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仰˵֮ͬмֺܹ
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ſ˫۵һɲǣǿɶĿٶ


217 ϶
Աܻεת˫ִ˵үѰţ
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ŮӼҶȥ֮æ̧ͷɫǸӡ
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϶Ҷɫ죬첽ǰС߰ɣ컢Ǳͷĺܣ㿪ﲻġ
컢Ҷİ֣Ժȴֳ˵컢ԣȷʮǵñֻҪˣҶʱı⣬Ҫһ컢üͷʲô
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Сֵܣ֪ռ˭ͷô˺аԵԱҲָԼķʲôˣֻðѻͷ˱Ŀɽͷȥôϣܹͨһ䡰ԭ˭˭˭ĸͽҸʦʺáȥƤ֮ࡣ
һ¾ͽкаԵҶ첻ݸԱʲô߼ƻаŮȻԺаԵĶ
ԱɫΣ۸۸ˣż۸һصȻоҲûΪԼдԲŻ˵ҶаԵ
Сֵռ˭ͷԱһ顣
˭ҲռǸġʵҶ˿ԯҲ޲ɣԸ˵ʢԼ磬ǲжΪ
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218 Ծ
СӾȻҪƺ۷壿ԱһһֲԤУֻԼҪùȵˡ
Сֵܣϸ磬˵ʵ㵽ʲô·ԱˣҲˡ
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ҪȡҶһץסԱ䣬Ц
ʵҶһʼ˵Ա׵ʱԼ뵽һˣҶƺ
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Ҷתһ־̫ܣȥˣ컢ĶӣӦòаŮ뿪ʱ£µԸǾԲϲһԵġ
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219 
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ҶӣһûȾš
Աں溰ţҶ첢δ¥ֱ֮򱱳ȥҪҵǸˣӣԼ뿪Ժ컢пܻٴ֡
Ҷ컢ƺзģ׻˵ƺԣ⵹δأƺһԹԵġ컢ÿһ䶼ᵽΪ϶ŮӣȻҶ϶ǲߣﻹڴǸ϶ע⡣
ν˰ﵽףͷ͵ҶȻѾ컢вһܣôԾ͸Ԥ͸һ㡣
ţҶ첻֪Ų˼֣Ϊ뿪ʱѾܳȥˣҪѰǿ¾ˡ
˴һʮҵļУʱֵϵر࣬ˣԱҪǿϲ١
ҶղźȾƵľԼɼ¥ǵӰո𣬴˿һڹȶĽԶʲôö֪
٣װءҶЦһ뿪ʼͻ컢ǹװ컢ͣ϶Ҳ֧Ҷ졣
ҶĿתһСѰһεԾϷһ·βŸոմӾг򱱳Ƕȥ컢ˡ
ΪҶѾȥˣ˵ʱ򲢲һ·Ҷ棬ҲǴҪʲô˸ס
ү˵ү𣿡߹ʵ
ƨҶ˭Ա˵ԴǣЩ飬Ȼȷܷǰ
ǡ߹⸽ͣԵĲţ飬ֱ˵ˡһ㡣
ԱһۣδŭӻͳһķСС
үҰү˵û±ô߹Щɫ
û£Ҷл۸˻𣿡Աһƿ߹ֵɱ죡
İɣүҿǱүˣϴΡ
סڣԱ߹Ļٲԥ˫һǽбӦ
д֮һӰӴзɳٶȼ򱱶ȥգ۱ʧ١
ʲôҶĿϸӰȻٶȺܿ죬ûӹ۾
ӰӺ࣬ȴ񣬻ûëģһĲĸо
Ƭ̣Ҷڻ鱦ͨϹڴļء
ֶһרŵޣΪų棬ǿٶȿ죬Ҽڣⷽʽ̣ܳΪ֮ͨŸ룬Сױ˷ٶϸǿࡣ
Ա̬ӷ׷֣վһûʹǽųų֮Ѱһɾĵط£Сǰ紷
үСӲʶԯүˮǲǺ𣿡߹ʼվô´Ƿףҵ뿪Ա⡣
㶮ƨԱ߹һۣǳԯʲôôʶһؤ
үΪΡ
֮ǰ˳ƾܱס𣿡Ա߹ͬʱֶǼȶһͨ
ԽԽˣԱ⣬ȻһСؤסˣ¶ȻҪڱǴһʱ䡣
߹ƺԱĺˣǲͣ˵ͣİʣµЩȶǼ˵ȴǰ
үû׼ҿСһˡ߹˵ˣҲᰤ
ôģԱûΪҲͬС
֪϶һˣһ񡭡߹ͷü˼ѡ
ϻԱԼΪʵĸо
ôһ㡣߹Ӧʵ˵ǳѪ䷢壬ȺȻûϻ֮нĴڣʴҲ֮Умơ
Ҷ֮ϣ˵ֻʮֺЦаǴģĺԯϵһ㣬кá
߹㿴ţү˯ᡣԱȻûкƿ϶Ҳûٺȣº߹˵˻Ựƽӿͷ
İүүҺ߹ʹӦ
ǰңɱϴƵġ˵䣬Ѿмȶڲݵ׵Աһ䣬ͷ˯
ܿģԱ죬硣߹Ա˯죬һȶԸһ䡰үǰҡ֮󣬱ҲѰ˴ƽĵط˯ȥˡ
߹һ˯һ߹ҲѰض˯Ƭ̹ʮӾֻʣһţʿ֪۸Ǹ
Ҷ״ݸȺӱûУְӦ͵ǲ
Ҳ˯һɡҶڷ¡Ա˵ΪԿҪϵҪܳʱ䣬ǲôĿŵľ˯£ΪûһʱķӦʱ䣬𼱻ǵĵ֮һȫ˯񲻵衣

Ҷ˯ĺ㣬Ҳ֪˯˶òŵһŭĺҹѵΪ˿˯


220 
Ǻʣŭݺᣬ˿εɢҶ챻һתѹ
ˡҶ΢΢壬̽ͷȥ
ܿڵߵķһĿֱӡҶС
Ҷ챻ⱻ׼Ķһʶͷȥ
ѣĪҪٶزˡȻǶҶ˵ġ
ҶοЦͳ綨ͳ綨Ȼ֪ȺȻԼδŪֺ죬ûӹĸ֪
ȻʶƣҲûҪһζأҶֱվ𣬾ڷ֮ȴ˵
Ҷ첻˵ԭǼ򵥣ΪҪװʶһжɺϣеû취͡Ͼ˼ϵǮ˼ϵ¡
˿ɫѾڣҹ¹⣬ҶվڸߴҲûбϳ
йһνһѡͰ࣬Ƕʱ˼ܼ֮Ȼ㲻ѣҲ졣
˷Ϊ߲ѣټҶڣûϳҶ죬ֻԼо˺ļ
СеԱյߣСѡ
ԲмߣֱҶ죬ѣɡ
вգҶ졣ҶشͬʱпٷŽпܷ
νпܷ֡
һͼǵ߼ǵҲװǵãĻ˵Ľ־Ƕ֣ա
ϵ棬ܳĻԼ⣬ûҶΪѣֽҶġº֣Ϊܹô˵µίԼ׵Ҳµѡ
Ҷ졭ֻöޱȣƬ̺Ȼһ˫֣Ҷ죿
ûϵңҶ첢ǰϣΪԷûţϾ¶ˡ
ң𣡡֮ǰһɨգ򷿼Ծ
𣿣ҶݣҲ֮١
ѧҶ쵱ʮԶȴƮȻʮƮݡ
ڷ֮ϣҶĿϸֻɿݲģüԶɽĿǣһ˲š
Ȼ֡Ҷ쿴գЦǰ
ɾûҶôƽˣӡУҶȻ㲻Ǳã뿡ʾϣôһȻ˵Ǳէһûϵó
Ҷ죬ôˣȻҶǱϸֱ֮ϳȷʵҶ졣
ˣôҶ֪ʡ
ʱվԱ̫֮ĶԻǷ׷ײ²Ϊģһ޴򶷣ɣʹԱʮơ
ԱЩżߺ
¶ΣɨһԱ⣬תҶ죬ԥƬ̣ЦҶ죬㲻ǿǸ̫ļһɣ
Ҷһݣ˵⻰ʱаԥ˵ãùȻ˵ʹҶЩ֮͸Ϊ˵ҪܣȫûҪ΢пЦĿǡ˵ֻǿЦûسԥͿԼϡ̫
֣ѵ㡭
ҶҪʵ֮Ƿ֪丸Ķоտڱ㱻ϣֻǺһЦҶӷԾ¡
ʱĺֵܡɷ˵ĽҶԱǰ
Ǻǡ⡭ԱЩˣŭ
ײˡҶЦŹ֣Ѿ˼㲻˵Ҳᣬ¾ôȥˡ
Ҷ죬ôҲȥЩĿĹȶϵԱ⣬תҶǰС
ҲաҶ챻һʣʱ£һʻЦǰǸˡ
ǴˣٺҲ׷ʸͣǻһתˣ㵱ΪʲôܾŽ
Ҷ԰̾һʵʵ͸ղǸûʲô𣬵ôشҲܲһٵ˼һͷԵЩ
С˪ʧˡҶԥƬ̣˵ʵ顣
ʲôȻһͣ½ŲעҶ죬ȴ顣
ղŵıҶ첢ûпͿţɼ˶ϢĺǳԾҲǳһ棬վҪù޶ԣʹҶͷһůұĹ̼򵥵Ľ
½֪Ҷ
˵ͷü˼Ƭ̺ʵأ
ҶղֻǼ򵥵Ľ˹̣ڷҲûн̫ϸдһʣΪʲô뵽ȴҶǺ档
ϵҶɻʵ
ʶֻˡڷܣ֪ԯѾҶ콲Ĺȥ
ŶҶҲ׷ʣܹµΪҪΣΪֵԡ⡱ͽƺ֮˾ͲܲʶϴѡڳΧۣȴûж䷢ѣһΪ֪ǿѹͷߵĵΪ֪ѪѧʶԼܹڵҹѵΪʦų
һֱĲ˷Ҷ쾹ȻңԱ֮ЩҲסֻҶ۲²⣬ԴͲö֪ˡ
Ҷ죬֪˷Ҫǰ⡣
Ҷֱָ̽Ц˳·һ̣
Ҫȥƺ۷壿ûи˵˼෴ľȻЩԾ
ôҶüʵ
Ҷ죬о仰֪ԥƬ̣ٴվıƺء
ֵ˵޷Ҷɫ֡
ƺľ﷽Բǿɣ֪ġ˵￴Ҷ죬Щɡ
ҶͷȻбζҲȴʵ
ʷҾʹû˵ܾˣҶ죬ǵһ˵⻰ʱ鸴ӣпһЩġ
Ҷ첢˵ǼңǾܾҲ˵¾ȻٶȰƺڣ¡
ֵ˼ǣ˵ӣҶʵһ˵ȷʵоЩס˶ƺڶ֮ͣǻ´޶˼ʺԳޡ
ֻǴҪģ˵ܻܿɫ˵˿ĿźͶζ
أҶ첻ݸ
Ҷ죬ţʦ˵;Բ鷢ġĿңƺ۷巽üͷ塣
ŶԯǰأҶ쿴˵ЦǴӻȡһԯ統ٱʱµţΪľպҶҪƺʱ㡣
һԯƺĴ֮һλ߾Ȼǡ
ǣҶεºܣȻܹԯﶼ˲Ŀ
֣ҶС
ŶԿԣдȻԣʹƺ۷ɡ


221 ҹ
ҶȻ֪ԯƺںеλû뵽˾Ȼλ֮ߣƾһţʹ𾪲ѡ
˾һ֣ʱı⣬Աз׸ҶֱӸǰƺ۷塣
˿ɫ˸·ٶȴǲΪǶѧһ·Ϸ۵糸˿ڰ·
·;УҶʼսЩĸҪ˦Ҷһ㡣
ص̫㡣Ҷ찵ţͬʱϷµľ׷ء
ѧرٵ֣ڽ̤͵ˮ޺ۺһٶȲǺܳڣҲرķԪ
ԼʱɫѾȫתڣڽɽ
Ҷ죬ǰƺ۷ĵؽˡͣ½Ų̽ǰָ
Ҷѭȥֻڰ£ǰԶԼɼһͨ޷εضֱʣΡȻ֮ʣҹɫԵм
Բ࣬վɽΧΪˣԲܿ߰ֻͨ׳̶жΡ
ǽҹȥҶʵ
Σʡ
ǲЩͻҴ˷ǰӦԯǰȰݻҹ⡭ҶεĴ˴ֳ֣˳õʮΡ
״ݸҲǣˣǾȥЪϢһнɽ
áҶȻ˴Ӧ
о׵·طԼСʱ֮һɽԵС֮ϡ
⴦СȻɽԵȴʮָ㣬װҲΪһֹɫζ
˴ƺ۷СĽǰҪݷƺڵֻšҶЩĴǳԽ͵
Ҷ˵ͷȻƺΪԲǿɣĽݷֱ֮֮꣬ƺ۷ƫƫɽ֮УⲿһƬ˵شʹҪݷõ˱⴦СţʱƣСȻȻķ
˵䣬ѾѰһջһڹҹɫҶ죬Ŷ롣
һţڱ㡰һõСˣŶڿ˲ˮòڡ
ϵ㣿ҶʵʶС˾ڡ
ӦǰɣӵĿջ¥Щͷɽϵ·ú塣Ȳ衣
Ȼδ˵̫ϸҶҲ˴ŵ˼Щջ¥ϰ嶼ƺЩǣǵͨˡ
Ǻǣ֣˵ǮƶЩʵ𣿡ҶһڲˮЦʡ
ǮƣԶеĶӹɵش
ΪΣҶЩ棬ûоǮжҪ
ΪΣ淴ʣƺû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼʳ⡣
ǮԶĵѡѵһӸλе黹ҪΪΪҶ衣
ҶԵͷ˵ϲ˵͸֪ϰ߻أ˵֮ҶҪԼȡ
ƺҲһ徲֮ءҶа룬ΪղǾ仰оͿƺڣְɣ£ż֮УְɱҲżз
Ʋ룬ȷʢˮԣ˳Ա㣬ǰϷϢ
ҶڴϷȥҲ˯֮šΪҪƺڶ˷ܣ෴ģڻԼǷȷ
ݵ˼֮Ҷ£ǰϸֻ裬Ѿ˯Ǳ㲻Ͻַŷȥˡ
ô֮ϣȻҹʱ̣ɲ١·ƺ̣ҹ𱬵ĳ׷׻
С磬氡
ҶоȥֻһŨױĨŮԼɦŪˡ
ҡ
𿪣Ҷ˵㿴̻ŮӰԼһֱۣһѣһŻĸүͷ
״Ҷ첻ݸЦʰʰޣȺ̻ŮӻջջԼģ˼ղλ̻ŮڹҶĸүҶ쾹ȻҪԾܾЩЦˡ
ҶЦǰУСϴָߺҶٴβط˼ĸо
ţҶȴͻȻǰһΪϤӰһšӰϸЩռԱȳǸ϶
ҶһĵĴʹ£ĸȥ
Ҷ첢ûи̫ȷ˴˵ݣȻˣӵ϶˿еĺܼҲ֪Ҫȥһ·ۣͷҲء
Ҷ찲ĸţƬ̵ĹѾת߰Сڼ䲢׷ʱϢҲ
ԼβСʱ϶ĽŲڷŻ˿ѾСǰïܵɭ֣֪϶
϶ĽŲҶֻԶԶںͷΪСֻһξ룬ξڵ޷ڲΡ
ʱ϶ӰʧУҶϽӰ̤ʩչԾȥ
֣ͽȻþִïܵڵһּƺƮһֵһ㣬۾оЩɬҲ΢΢ģ״
ѵ˿ŶҶн࣬˵ͨƺ۷ڣ˵ƺǿţǿԾмʹϵֶΡ
ҶͷγһСݣϸ֮£Ҷ̣Ҳ޻Ұܰߵ㣬˵Ǹող˵صĲֲܻǱ˵
áҶ찵һҹĻǵһŮǰ˴оʲô·
ˣҶٶȱ˼֣ʱԭѾʧߵе϶ѾٴγǰԶ
һ·ϣҶ찵Ԫסһʱ̻ãʱԳҶ춼оЩĲ𣬸϶һʿ綨Ůˡ
˿϶·ʱѾЩҡΣǣζȴǿҲ֪ʲôǿ
ҶԾɰиţȻ϶ʱܱ裬Ҷ컹û˭Ҫ»ݾߡ
ɽ·ּȻɢ϶Ҳǿ֮ĩÿһҪͣϢƬ̣̫ѨƺԼѼ֡
ҶüעӣƬ̺ܻһδʲô
ʧ˵ô˴Ѿ˶Էƿ֮У϶ʵ
ǣ϶ҲֻһʿԷȻܹ˴ΧƾʵƷ϶ӦŶԣΪλ˵ɷ˼
ҶűᣬΪǲϳ
ϳ壬Ƭ֮ҶȻһ
壬϶նѵҲ


222 
ͷһ֣Ҷ¶ʱһƬƤôԼһô֮ܵС
ͷûгܳʱ䣬ΪԼһʱٴ˳֡
ˣҶ첻һΪ˲Ǳˣˣӵϰ϶ĸס
ʦ϶ǿڵأ˵ʱҲȴȱʱΪѹʲôȴЩİָо
ʲôоϰһɨ֮ǰɫ˷ǻͦıֱ˵ơ
ʦҶ΢΢üνǲ⡣
ҿҪƲסˡ϶ҧأͷϾȻѾ亹顣
ϰɫԹԵֹɢȻѹƲסϢǺá
ʦҪ϶Ļ˵һûģɷ׵ɫ˵ǲ˵꣬Ϊĳԭ˵ѾûС
⾿ô£ҶԽԽͿˣӳѾǷѽ⣬¿϶ƺʲôһ㡣
жôҶ찵ֹΪ϶ɫǼ尾ټ֮ǰһ·û˿֣˵϶п֮
԰֮ϰΪⶾǡж뷨ոճֱ㱻Լķ񶨣ΪղϰȻʱᵽһɢ
ɢҶ֪һ鱦ͨйأɢһΪ޲ݵĻƽƷҩɣνȴʮּ򵥣ֻɼɢȴڣˮѸɣɷĩɡ
ɢһĶԣҶԴǿĩԿУÿһ޲ݵĶ÷Բʮڲ
ڴҶҲûмԸողûϰһ˵ʱ
ȲжֲˣǵǡҶɻǳϰΪҪڿɢɢҪѹʲôһжҶʮֺ档
϶ټƬ̣ʦֺܿͻϰңԶüײǡ
ʦҡ϶Ҫ˵ĳĸ£Ȼ춼Ƿ
Ҫ˵˿ҪͶȫѹƣʦֻ֮ǰزϰ˵ĺأ侹Щ
ѹѹʲôҶԽԽԺϸ϶
˿϶Ѿ˵ϰֻǿͷͷ֮ʱĺ䣬޷մʪҵڲգӦԭͺϱһԵС
Ҷ쿴ſžȻЩ񣬵Ӧʱļһ˿
С˪䲻ҾȻŮӿԡҶҡҡͷס񣬼ϸ
ʱҶͻȻоϷҳһǾٶȺܿ죬Ŵ˴
ѵǵĵˣҶ찵ţȻ֪ˣӵʲôܣΣգҶ컹ǻ
һǱʶ뷨Ϊʲô뷨ûȥ׼ȷ˵ûʶԼһ뷨
ľǵֵһᣬֻƬ̹ϢȻг·̡
ϰͻȻüݵж֮󣬶϶еĵ϶סʦֻˡ
ʦ֣ҶɻϰνʦӦþ϶ġ硱һආĻز֣ôͻȻٶȣ
ʦҵˣ
ҶɻʱּͻȻһ󺰣һ뺷ӰּܳȻһ磬εľ졣
ҶϽתͷȥĿֻһԳ߽ӽɵľ˳֮С
Ǿ³ѩɫëֱۺ˫ȫɱϴϸֱͷϸֱըԵ֮
ʦǲԳ˽̯һɫݡ
ҶȻһ϶ϰʦԳﾹȻҲϰʦҸղϰ˵϶ֵʦֻ˵ǰֻԳ˱ǡ
Ҽᣬĺܺáϰĵ˵ͷֲʲôʲô鷳ɣ
ԳҡͷɵЦʵʦⶫѹסǶô
֪ϰҡͷ϶ȥ
ҶʲôⶫǶһŲ֪ڣΨһܹ׵ľԳʯ֮ǰ϶Ǹ硣
ôͻȻɺҶɻԺȻһ档
Ѫ辭ͨһ㣬Ҷͷһ𣬡Ѫڵˣ
Ҷ쾪ʱϰѾ϶ǰǰеҩѾһŵ϶
϶¡
϶죬ϰҩ˳ĿУ˺һԳһȴ
ǵȴʲôҶ첢֪ǶȫһµĽεɫϣҩܹĳá
ʲôҩءҶŬԺл鱦ͨҩļأȻѾ鱦ͨݺƪ£֣ҪڶʱڿٵļҲһ򵥵顣
˶ëԽҪʱȴǡ
ˣҶ˷ܵлһҩ֡
ݣؽһƷҩҩƣܹѪҺʳֻܹͣڶʱ˾ʮְ״̬ڻ޼ȴ֪ΪһԣԴҩΪ̰ɫ֮ѡ
⡭뵽Ҷ쵹һкȻĪϰǴԳҪ϶ǵȲ֮¡
ţҶʮɵľһݶͬʱһ϶еĻݣŭڵء

ĿĿҶ죬ǵľȲֻΪҶͻȻ֣ͷľٶҲռܴ͡
㡭ôҸҶ챻˿Щڣεʵ
Ҷ졣϶ȷӦǿŽгҶ֣оЩϲ֮顣
ݲǺö㲻ܳԡҶбһ϶ǰ
Сֵܣյά֮лˡϰҲִ˾ȻǰǸ꣬ЦŹ˹֡
϶ϲΪáϰЦ˵
ϰ˵꣬ԳһЦִ϶Ц
Ҷһ죬ֻ֮һʱ嶯ѣϰĻټ˵飬ŷӦԭԼˣ϶ӦҲ֪Ϊݣ֮ԸҳΪʦ˵ô֮£뵽ҶѾͬ͸ƻһ㡣
ôˣ϶֪Ϊκƺת࣬Ծʮֵͳ
ҡҡҶȻ˵Լĸβмȴ벻ʵĽڡ
㲻ǸҰɣ϶ĿЦҶ졣


223 Ѱˣ
Ҷ϶ˮưһͷһ£æתͷȥ⽫䣬ֻǾԱпܻᱨǣϾҶ𡣡
𣿡϶Цʵ
ҵ˼һ֣пܻȡǵҶ켱æ⣬ʵкԼ϶޷Ƿ֮룬֪ΪΣ˵ʱȴЩӶ·Ǻ̫ʱûһĹϵΪ޷ԣһֺ顣
ҶʼնѰ˪һ֮ģϳʱͻԼиС
Ŷ϶һ˫ĿʼնҶ죬Ҷͷ
Сֵܣлˡϰһ˿ײɫҶٶȹ֡
ǣ˴״̬ʱʧȥִ磬Ҷ¾ΪתƻΣȻʳôһ䡣
ϰɫȻãǴĻǷݣԴһܣҶͻȻȻ˼ùͷȻִ֪ôһ䡣
ҶϾ֮ǰжǣȻǶҲ飬ϰǺܰûзЦպСֵմ
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£Գ˿гھҶ֮¸ھһڵĳѪհɣƥ
˵֣˶Ϊ֮𾪣ȻҲҶ죬֮ȻȻжĬĿھŻʱɢ

㿴ңҿ㣬˭û˵ǲ˵ǲ֪˵ʲôá
㵽˭֪õĳĬϰȷӦʵ
ԶԷʣҶʮ޹ĵ˭Ҷ찡


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Сӣǲ˵Ȼǿ²ˡϰǰһݵӰƺͽȻθ˼֣ͬʱһƶʱɢ
Ҷüͷ壬аѵ䴥ĳЩˣ
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ʦɷȥһ϶ƵϰǰָҶ졣
ϰɫƬ̺̾һ϶ѪĪҪΪЩŮ˽黵ˡ
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Сֵܣͺʦ˵ɣ򡭡꺺ӱ֮࣬æʼȰҶ졣
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Ҷһ꿴϶ްֻҡ֮ǰ꺺ӵĶԻԼµ˵ĿĸǴɱƺĳһλλȨصĳϼȻҶ첢޹ϵ첻ӦþͻΪƺڵĵӣΪӣӦ顣
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Ҷüͷ壬˵ǲҪɶ˻𣬵ʱҲ޷ˡǻתһ룬ô˵»϶ᣬԲʱĿڣû뵽㿪ڣ϶Ȼļ
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Ůϰ̾һƬ֮ȴͻȻú
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225 ɽ
Űҹʱ֣Ҷطջ˿̿ջоȻʳͣõСȴѾڹ̨Ϻ˯ˡ
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һɣ߽ʮɵľ޴ɽţźɷĿ׭֣ƺ۷壡
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ŶֹȻ˵ҶȴͻȻһɴİ˳ƺ۷壬ô̿ͣô˵ﵱƺҲǷŶԡ
Ҳ˵ʵƾʾԲ̫࣬ҶҲ޼ʶŶԣΪѡʱûгñʦŵ˵ʶΪ
뵽Ҷüͷ壬ԥƬ̺Ͽڵ֣һҪ㡣


226 ɽ
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ϣҶ켸ۣ㲻δؾͲᷢէһЩΪãɲʦ֮ܳΪǿߡ
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ҶĻһϣҶŤͷȥֻбϷСлһӰĿʣЩƮ֮磬֮ǰйһ֮Եѫ


227 С
ѫϵɫ⣬ƺҶ쾹ȻĽƺڶеȡղһԼ˶ԻСͯﻰ˼Ҷ쾹˵Ƹ
ƸΪǹ¸ߣôյһܾƺڽš
ҶȻԼѫ֮龰һŵ׼û뵽˵˲ִ١
֪ԯǰʱݵĳĬͶ֮Ҷѫ˹֡ײѫʲôٶԻòҶ컹ǲȱġ
֮ϾûޣֻǷһССĲ죬ڻ࿴˳۶ѡҶѫȻҲ£ֻǹ񣬻صʦδ
Ҷ԰üѫ棬ɾξˣȣԵеЩƤĸоɽȥɽƻҪ£Ϊܹ˳ɽȫΪġ
ΪԯױżԵʣҶ쵣ĵĲɽµĿزԼѶĵżǷܹ͵õԯСΪѫһ֮ˣҿģھƸҲźܸߵĵλ
Ҷ첻֮йڣҾܾһ¹ҲѫжҶķиȫпܴĻҶҪԯɾϼˡ
лˣԺݻᡣҶѫƣٶȹֵл
ѫûлȴһĨΪĻȣ˵һҲûáӡ
Ҷ״ת뿪
ʦ磬˭ɵЩζ
Ǻǡѫûд𻰣ǲмЦһ
Ҷ챳ԶˣܹõѫıЦĺ塣
ʦ磬˭ʡ
ſԴ֮ˡѫ仰ʹ֮ϻشģ˵жҶǱӡˡҲδЩζ
Ҷͫһںѫο˾Ȼһ֮ȡ壬յ˶ԼĿɾЩ̫صˡ
ŶԭǵƸ˰ȱˮҲ޲ɡҶ쾹ȻǵƸ˸еЩʧҲ֪ΪλԵƸɼ֮
ĺȴʵҶͷһůȻ֮ǰ񣬵ֻǽҶ쵱Ƹ֮˵ǰϣ֪Ҷ첢ڵƸûܵѫ󵼣һܹ֮˵ıԻǺܺƵġ
Ȳ裿ѫЦƺѵ㿴ôǰΪҪǾƸֿڷʳ볤ڴء
ɣҿ˰ֽƺҶǵƸ֮ҶӡԺתܶࡣ
Ǻǣ㻹С㶮ƨѫЦͬʱٶ߼֡
ô˿̣ҶѾ޿̵ĸоѫһٶԼʵ̫ɶ
ʦ磬ʦ˵ˣΪЩƺЩʼ
׻˵˲˲Ҷ̣ƺСȴǶѫôһ˵ʱðɣڵطֻһСС꣬Ҳû취ֻҪŭһŶȥ
ѫƺܼ׷Ҷ죬ʵʦʲô
ȻƺѫǰҶ죬ҲȷҶһȻ׷ǰ֮⣬Ҷ첻ɵöʮһøб
ԯǰйԼһջȲ塣ҶЦ
˵ƺȴͻȻһŭĿҶ졣
ҶһԵžƺȴġ
ʦֻȾƲȲ裬Ҳ壡ƺҶѾ⣬ƺҶƭԼеʮʧ
û˵Ѱԯǰ׿ڶ˵ġҶΣ޲ðѵյ龰»ԭһ顣
㲻˵óҿƺҶ첢˵ѣǰŰɵҪ֤
ҶԥƬ̣ԥŲɵƷǸоеëëŵĸоʵǲ̫ġ
ƭˣƺҶٳٲżȡֻҶУɷжʱؼ֡
״Ҷηǳֻ̽뻳ȡԯױż㽻ƺС
ʵҶȫֱȥԯطʱǰݷãûҪǵúС֮͡ôȫΪҶòܹ˾ƺζѡ
ƺҶȡ֮󷴶Щ㶣СĽӹ֮ϸƬ̺󣬵ͷ˵ûʦּ
˰ɡҶЦջż㣬ڻзźá
ʦǹδҪô㻹ȵȣȲ衣ƺͲҶ죬˷ִǣ̱
Ǿ߶ˡҶûضȥƺǺԼƢҶ첢ƴǡ
߶ţƺСһӣתһСȥ
Ҷ쵭ЦϣССһֺʣ»Сڴһ󣬸û᳤һ嵨
Сϸխܸɾʯ˾ͣǰͬ߰̽
Сֵܣʲô֣Ҷ첢֪ʣΪƺţ¹ϵû쵽Ժ˼ŵĵزɾЩʧˡ
ƺⲻ֪𡣡ƺشĺ⡣
ͽоƺҶɻ󣬾ɴû˵
ûƺһ֦ſУ˵ʦģǱġ
ԭҶ˵ͷʵ֪ԯǰΪҪһ𣿡
Ȼ֪ƺЦĺǿģƺ˵һõĻ䡣
˵𣿡ҶϲСС꣬ԻҲͶЩ
ʲôԵġƺ۵Ľ֦µЦʦ˵ҵʱҲ꣬ʱǻŵģң֮ĵһ¾Ǻƺеľơ
־ôģҶЦʡ
ƺҡҡͷȻǣʦѾ֮ˣڼֻСޡ
ΪָĽоƺˣҶʣӾƺóԯۼĸӺͰס
Ϊ֮͵ľƺȡƺ˵ЦδѵСϾȻһŵ顣
ôԣҶ첻ݸȴֳѫʱֻôһȺ֮ڿ϶ûƻƸڵա
֪䣬Ѿת·̣һ·϶оƸӵƺкƺҲһһЦŻӦƺԵ
ЩͲȣСıȾƺҪСӣĿҪ߰ʮ꣬Ǵӡ
ˡƺָǰһСԺ˵
Ҷ̧ۿȥֻǰһɽĶ£СԺȦڶ֮ϣģǼأԺв֪Իԭм񣬶һéݣܵ˵ȻЩӵڡ


228 ͽ
˻СԺȥѾ϶£ҰȻµǸߵͲͬɽ壬˿ɽд䣬˲
ϸԼ¡¡ˮҶվ¾ͷĿԶֻԶƬ峺ĺ֮ǰƽ±ȴӰ
Ҷתһ룬ݸЦɽС·תۣԺʹʧǿСƾ桱±ڴ˿̾ҶĽ£ֻȱʧû뵽ѡ
¡¡ˮٲ֮ǰδٲ׹У߽Ƕȵԭ
ٲ±Ĵ׹£㸩ɿƺҶ֪Ѱٲڡ
ҶԸӣֻ±м䴦һʮɵĴڣļǴǻӿγһΰ׳۵Ĵˮ١
һᣬҶֱվЦʣסض
ҶдһΪ˴羰ѣ֮ط˵סҶֻվһоĿʣ˵һء˸ؾȻһССȥסЩ̫
ʦҲס⡣ƺ˵ͷСԺȥ
ԯǰסһ𣿡Ҷ첽׷ϡ
Ȼǣס档ƺŬŬ졣
̣Ҷ쾪ȷʣԯһͰ֮ˣôСС̾ס
ǡƺҡͷƿСԺľţʾҶȽ
ҶԺкͣסŲȻȴƺ
һ֪ˡƺһЦٶǰȥéݵķš
֨ѽ
źϾɣ֮·̶⴩϶С
ӺСһ۾ɨȫòҲܼ򵥣һֻ齣мһ淽ֻСΣһþߣһףһˮס
ԯǰסҶ컷ϣȵʵ
ǾƸͱ𴦲ͬǵסʦȻҲ⡣˵䣬ƺѾһˮҶ
Ҷӹˮüͷ΢壬ƺ˼󲢲֪࣬ΪʲôƸҪճ˵ƺֵȼĺŴڣǶѻɽŶԣŵӹƶ
ʦ˵ʹԱøꡣƺڷԱߣԹԵĵˮ
ȷҶͷʾͬĴתһת
ˣ˵һµŮӡҶתһȤȥѰ¿
˵תһᣬʵֻ˼ѣΪڿռʵ̫С
ȻϵãǳءƺƺºкøУһҶ֣ʱ¡
Ҷüʵ
ûû֮ǰϹŮųƺڵһŮһ֮󣬺ٺ٣㱻ȥƺЦĺǲãе㲻ε˼
ҶεĿžƺСͲ˼ɺǡ硱
ʶƺЦֱ֮Ҷʵ
ʶˡڹϵʵ̫ӣҶֻѵԾƺ͡
Ҫȥƺ˫۷Ź⣬ǼĵĲҶʲôϵϲʶֻҪʶǳҲνΪֻҶͷȥǲƸһŮˡ
Ҫȥ㡭ҶЦãƺھ󲻶ôء
ûҲƺҶҪܾǸϽߴٵ²˳٣ھߡ
˵գƺ˸ոն׼ˮȵҶ죬һסⱼȥ
ҶҪŻϣڱƺ̫Բֱˤڵء
žꡭ
ͬʱüͷҶɫǱŤ⻹ûԯ磬Ȱ˼ҵĲˤˡʵһҪտյСУɾԵЩˡ
ˡƺüҶһصмѡӶ
ôҶֻǵʵ
û£ʦԼʰġƺĻشǲΪ⡣
ҶһȻԯ羿ж谮ǰ갡ҶھƺΪпһ˿һʦľη
ƺҾǻǻȥʰһ°ɡҶҪסƺû뵽ûסֻ֮ðԪþƺֹסŲ
˵˲ãôءƺƢСҶס֮¶á
ҶһƺʶԼĲףٺЦ˼ֻǡ
ûû¡ҶĹֻСӿŮ֮˼Ǿȶѡ
Ǿͺãǻǿ߰ɡƺزҶˣֻܶǰͷ·
ҶֻСܼϣʵѵ㲻ԯǰ𣿡
ƺǺһЦֻҪŬʦҡ
˵֮Ųּӿ켸֣ţƺͻȻͣ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ҷˣʦϲˣㆪ£ʦ˻ᷳ
ôԣҶٶһ˵˵£ɱҲûйԥʱ̡û뵽˷ȻһСС곰ԩ
һҲȷʵˣˤһ豭ôƺ⣬Լȴ߶˰죬ЩС֮С
뵽Ҷþƺ˵ĺеԯ֮ԶԼĿ࿴Ϊںѫа壬Ҵ¹鶯ȴʧǼ˽ģΪһ߶߶ԯ綼аԼϹˡ
߶Զ·̣Ҷ֮ͨŲҲ࣬Ȼǣô˵ͱЩ
ֵƺסˣֻĿҶ죬´һ󣬹Цʵֻѣ
ΪҶ˾ƺһۣСС;㿴ŮҲһԼһĲô
òáƺͷҡĸ˹һ㡣
ΪʲôҶʵ
ΪʲôҾǿˣҳıҾȢƺ˵⻰ʱ죬˵ʮţһȢһ㡣
ҶֱŲ켸ָϳ˾ƺô˿Ҳû˴·ˣΪ¾һС·ǰɽѾԿɫߣŮӵĻЦǲƸˡ
զģ㲻ţƺżһ棬ռ׷Ҷ졣
Ҷ״ǺһЦСһ棬ͬռ٣̤ʩչ֮˲ڶʮɿ⡣
ѧ˭ûаƺֹһ䣬˫ȹԪȻûҶٶȿ죬ʮɵľҲֻڼԳ
ƺʩչѧҶѫǰʩչɴ˿֪ƺ˶ѧͬһ֡൱һרγ̡
ƺ֮ǰңһ֮Լ䣬ôҶָǰɿһúЦ
ʦƺͻȻϲɽۣǾȡ
ҶԹһЦһסҪûܵľƺ
ּҲ棿


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ƺˣʶ֮ҲΣǹЦҶһڣҶ״æ֣ƺû񱼲ֹ
Ҷݸҡͷþƺܳʮң̤ʩչһٽ֮
ľƺҧþȫȥ׷Ҷ죬Ҳ׷֮ϣȻΣȴŬ
Ҷ״аƺȻӣϻͲܿɹƷǿľͺ͡
䲻ӮĽȻҶȡʤƺһĲվһԳĬ
ʱŶߡҶЦŰο
ƺϾֻһʮһСҶ֮ɫԺת࣬Ƭָֻ֮֮ǰֵƤģ
˿̶ѾƸӾס᷿֮ǰһƬ֮ϣҶȥֻ˴᷿Ҫ̫࣬ҲƫᣬһéݵӰ
ѰҶ컷᷿ʵ
а취ƺһЦӸԾ£һ·񱼶ȥ
ҶϽϣСгģǺºһ㡣
˴Ӹת᷿Ļȣ᷿ʽͬΨһܹĳλֻ֮ϵǸˡ
᷿϶࣬ԻͬԹһ㡣ƺȴ죬ֱ͸Լһ㣬һ·ϼǺͣ٣żפ㣬ƳŮ͵˵
Լһʱ󣬶תһΧǽǰľʹ߻Ȼʡ
һԲɵĹ㳡㳡һ̨֮ķľ̨ľֻ̨ɷԲľ̨֮һھ޴ͭӣټӵ֮á
˿̹㳡ϲûжڻֻȼдŹճֵطʺɢڣڴ˴ʵ̫ʴ˲û˵ټ
ƺЦ㳡ȥͬʱͷҶ
˳ڹ㳡ĵľ̨֮ϡ
㲻ҪôɣҶ쾪㵵ĿžƺͷֻоС̫ס
ģôһˣûġƺֱȥͭӵӴ
Ҷ״æסһƸӣײ˼ҲƸټӵܵͭӣ
û֣ƺͷ˦Ҷ֣һӴݺײ֮ͭϣһʱ쳹
̫Ҷ챻öۣ۾ƺȻ֪ӺδѰ˷һֻҶ컵Ц

ܾ÷ųЪֹҶ䣬ָžƺĶʵĶŪģ
ƺһЦȡ¶ŵͭԵһСУⶫô죬ûӵĵӻ
ҶһߣҲûĺ;ƺгΪʵ벻һʲôƸµʡ
ţ˵û¡ƺĿҶ죬һҿšĴģ
šҶŵĿ˵֣֪ΧĶ
ڳѪԵʣĸ֪Բͳ綨ǿߣԴ˷ĸ֪Χ΢һЩĶС
еǣܹ֪ļ޷Χڣûеıŭ֮Ҳûڶĵ˴˵û˿
ʹҶ첻ɸ߿˾ƺһۣСС꿴˼ʹϵĺǲֻھƸƸҲһλˮ
ţţƺҶ˼ǸϽûҫ
ţҶ췢ĵĿһ䡣˼ʹϵѴ֮һ˺üʮĵ˼ʹϵǢʮһСС꾹Ȼܹ˵زֵÿһ䡣
ȷǳģҶȴǺ棬ƾʲôġ⼸ʱദҶжԾƺĸоܺãûкõֿ԰κԵĳ̶ȣƸüٺˣѵûһѫ֮ôܹݵһСڱΪ
ѵСʲôݣҶĵһ뷨Ѫ뷨ܿ㱻񶨣񶨵ԭҲΪѪѡ
㲻ƺ˽ӰɡҶһץ̽̽ľƺЦʵ
ƺƲסĴЦЦ˺һ᷽˵ⶼ㷢ˣ
ҶȻһĿİɣ
µİ˾Ųʮˡƺ˵ͻȻǰһŮӣŮһϮ£ȻԶݣһָϢȴѾȻɢ
ˣˣƺԾľ̨ǰŮӭȥ
ҶȻóǰŮӾ£żһסƺһظ˸ղǸ⣺˽ӣ
ƺ˵һ˦Ҷ죬Ůȥ
Ҷ쳹Ŀ࣬⻰ԯ֪θ룬裬СҪˡ
ˣˣ˭˭ʲôϵҶҡͷԺп׼һ˵
ν˵ǣȻұ˪ʧٵ飬ʱ֪ȻһʣҶ𣬶Ҳȥӭµԭ
ʵ˵Ҷھƺ֮ʱѾãֻҪֱ£Ҳ΢Щš
ĽŲһС˵©죬¿ЩµʱԼƲסĳϵľҲ
˾ֻܶԺĻѹƣһӿ˵ôŵı˾ͻͬ㱬
һբţסеıˡ
Ҷ졣ܺЩǳ֮ڡ
Ҷ̧˼Ҷ첢ûв³Լǰ
̧۵ɲǣҶ쿴䲩ԶĵΣۺŶտ
ڶۣҶ쿴˪ǽõĺƣֻʲͬѡ
ҶϽͷȥһ󷽲תأοµѾеֻǾñطĻϲ
½㡣Ҷ쵭ЦӦ
ô£һ֮ǰұе½֮ȴûӰӣ֮̽¾Ȼ֪Сӷµһ仰ǽǰһ磬һ硣
ҶԹһЦ˽µ˶ΪһѼŮӣʵȴǡǡ෴µĸһʣɵԸȴǰ氮֡
ҿ¡Ҷ쿪Ц
ȥЦҶһѣתͷƺȻһЦСƾƣȥŷһϯɺá
ʲô㣬ţƺŭĿӣ˵ĸһ
һСƨ˵ǽһţһ˯һءҲ⣬Цúãţȥ׼ϯɡ
ƺ¶ɫֺǺǵ׼ϯȥˡ
žƺȥҶͷһ£֧ƺµ˼ԣҪʼˡ


230 Сƨ
ǲǳˣ¿żɽ
ûСҶ쿴һʵȴΪΪ˵ѶĲʸС
Ϊҵźܾû˻عʣһҳµҪԭ򣬵ǺϸµķΪ˭ܹһ𣬸ο˵ҶܾϢӸоҲᷢʲô̫⡣
֮ôãΪ˽Ҷ죬ǱʶУҳʲôشʣҶ
ǸûյšҶվʮּ˵ѡ
΢оȣ֮ǰûз飬Ҳûпܷһʱ֮Ѿһµ˽⡣֪ЩСǼüζؼԼţⱾºŭһ룬֮ҪôʵҲΪں
뷨±㲻ٷ飬Ϊ϶ûκζԲĵط
µŵȷʵ˼֮Դǣû͵ңôµĿҲ̫С䲩ԶȰ˵»ؼҶŽϾԸп
ûյٶȷϣϸֳһĨʧȴɫ
ȻСǼµĸ黹ϵģȻԻǲ׵Ļ
ûСҶһᣬͨϵɫѾܹеĴ뷨Ҳû취İ취ܺù֪ұúõ·Ҫ̫ࡣ
гĬƬ̣Ϊ˽˶ӵ״̬
ȻҶ˵ѵʱûʲôԵϾ˵ѣ˵ܻ֮ĳϸ¶Ҷ¶֪Ķ¾ܹо̫Ծ
µıӣҶѡ˹ϵ֮ӣôǳй
ӵУµɫԽΪûҶҵ鸡Ŀ⡣
ֻͣһҶû˵ѣҶû˵ѣôűļʽŲ㡣Ҷ˵ѵĹѾﵽһ൱ֲľأҪһݣǾɱ˵߾硪ɱ˲գۡͬһ
ˡ̾һǶҶ˵ģʵȴǶԼ˵ģԼΪѣڸԼҪƽ顣
Ҷ״һղܹ֮ôᶨ¶Ӷ¶ۼȫΪϵпοԼĻԣôΪºá
ȻʵҲȷʵ
С죬СôˣµЦʵǸѵŮӣȻŪˣǲ޶˵ı֮еġ
Ҷͷȴһô˼ҹǣҡһĥеʱҶ˽ϣС˪ѾˣĻͿԺ޹˼ɵĸȥ
ͬɥᡣ
С죿¼Ҷüɫ죬ֲԤٶ
û£ˡҶֻڡ
ʵ֤ЧģΪ֮ϵɻ˲ʧȡ֮һЦŭ⡣
۸СãŲ𡣡Ǿ仰ǸѵŮӣȻ˪׽㣬Ϊ֮Ĺϵв롣˭˭ΪⶫûжԴѡЦķʽַʽеʱȴҪȿȰοͺǳѵҪðٱ
ǵģΪҶǺ˪ܣôһùϵĻ͡
ܿϧҶ˪ûгܣǺҪãǴûܡҶҲһֱΪԶᳳܣ£Ҷ쾹ǿҵĸоܹС˪һܣǸжá
İ½㡣ҶЦµļǰڽܹϵ˺ҶҲñܻ䣬˼ʹҲǸǡ
Ҷָմ¼ϳ£Ҳ뿪˵ԶȴͻȻŭĺ
ڸɶ
ѭȥֻƺһ·񱼣ŭ壬߶
ҶοЦǿЦá
ƺĽǰһƿҶ죬µ֣ʵɶ
롭
ұ죡ƺԴ󷢣Ҷ͵Ļᡣ
ֻǡ
ǣ֪ҾͲˣƺҶһۣɫȻмʧ
ġ
һƷֱƺŭʢָҶǼ
Сƾơ
סڣƺһûжһ档
Ҷ¶һۣǿ˶ԷеΡ
һʮһС˵ú˰ɣܲǲ˵ĺݵɣûͷûԵĳ硭
ƺŭˣ;ƺʶһֱҲͦϲ첻ߵСƨҿĿҲһֱԿСı׼Ժܶʱ򶼺
ΪСƨԹܶаףҲǾƺߵƸҪԭ֮һ
ɶƺֱ׳ŭ¡
Ϊһ㣿ЦҪƽС򣬾ͱҪһͬ
Ӧˣڡ
˵һ죬Ҹ˵ûʸȢҡ´˾ƺĻСӲ֪ܹʲô̼Ȼ˷񲣬׷һʮŮӡ
ΪɶƺԾɲġ
̫СˡҶԿĿЦãʵ̲סһ䡣
󣿣ƺŭҶ죬˫֮еĹâչһ˶еĿ⡣
ģ˪ƺڣʱͶϣһЩϡ֮ǹˡҶڽϴôãһЩθ֪Ĳ֪Ҳ֪Գ˾ƺ֮⣬˶̿
ƺˡҸÿϱò¼ƲУֻתսԣΪա
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Ҷ״Σ˼ֻΪºÿѣиÿģͻϵĻˡ
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ѽƺһΪ̧ͷʱ¾Ȼ죬ʵЩˡ
ҶһԿöסˣͷ½㣬Ϊˡ
װıϾװģҲװװһ֮͸оָֻܻ֮ͣԭò
ƺһʱˣĵǺÿʱ࣬ҾҪȢ㡣
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ԵͷɵŵţͻȻĿֱǰǷʲôһ㡣
Ҷ״ɻ˳ſȥãһ֮£ʱһ
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Ҷ״뿪ΪŮӲǱˣȻˣӵ϶
ôˣ¼Ҷɫʧɻʵ
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˵գҶ۰Ͱ͵Ŀָоֵؤ·ĺͯ˵塣
ȴûָоֻƬ̣󾹿Цͣ
½㣬һҶָûϷˣ䵲ס棬ٶȵͷжȥ
϶ڴ˴ĿģϰЭ̺һľƺԵŻһʱ죬ǾӦɱ˱϶˵һ
ϰ˵һ϶׷Ҷ죬ǰҪ֤Ҷ첻ᵢĴ¡
ʵ϶Ҳϵܷ񱨳ҪҪΪѰҶ죬յ֪ҶĿĵƺں㶯˼ĥӲȸֶΣϰͬ顣
õĺַ϶˳ƺڣͲö֪ˡһ֪ǱϾܵģ϶ڲƸؽ磬˵ûѡԻԥѡƸΪҶ
ȻЩ϶Ƕ˵뷨Ҷ죬˿̳ҪӶ֮⣬Ȼ϶ֵԭ
϶ѪǺ˭Ҳ֪ڵȴֻһˣӶѡˣܽƺڣ
ԲϳһֿܣǾƺ˱ͨܽһͷյŮֱѡƺϰɼֻĿֲʵ֮˱ĸ֮һ
ҲײβĸմͣһĿ΢
Ҷ컻һ϶ֻɨһ۱ûϸϾ֮ǰҶһֱڣ˷ס棬϶Ȼ޷ʶá
϶Ҳ벻Ҷ졣
ҶҴҶôӳʮԶ֮󷽲ųһڴ±϶ϣﲻͬڱˣҰҺޣֱ޼ɣʮֵĿʲ
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ҶԽŲһ٣δͷҲûҿ˵о¾ƺֺ
ҶŲͣͣ˵ıвͬһֻƺһҪǰ۵ģոҶ콻߹϶˿ҲعͷݵıӰʱƺв
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ˣȴ˿ҶԲС˪飬ֻǰվһЦʱ׼ץסҶʱ̴һ
Ҳû뵽㡣Ҷһεľȡ
϶ͷЦżһ˫СָֻҶ첻˵Ķǻϲ
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Ů֮Ժ׵ĿʼԶײеģĵǸԶҵġ
Ҷˡ
ҵȻ㣬ǵĹϵ㿴𣿡ĸ϶ɵһʱŭ
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Ǻǣðɡףǡ϶ĬƬ̺ЦһתȥΪ󷽸ҰȴһµŮӣҴĸҶκ鷳
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ţý㡣̾ס϶
϶ԻȻͷ·鶯Ĺâϣ֮⡣
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Ȼģ㿴ǸСƨ𣿡Цָƺ
϶ͷȴǲ⣬ѵĺӣɡ
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ƺһǼֱ˹ʮһ꣬廹δɣʮָԾƺһֱֻܱµ˿ϾȻһĴ
𿪡εһƿƺȻСƨһҲ˵ͱ
˼½㣬ҸղšȻһӡ϶ҲٵЩղŵĳ嶯
ûû¡Զһģİ˰֣ɫһ֣ĵʵ˵ɣҶãʵӦֹӽҶ죬һùҾӦøһƽ׷ҸĻᣬֻҪ׷ҶֶǲԤġ
⻰˵ĺǰԵҶ˾һֶ϶һĶ͸У˵Ǵļӣ硣


232 ԯ
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һ£˭һõǱжһ档
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ŷ׼ˣŷ˵ҹײƺ£һСֹ
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ȢҲСƺָ϶ɫ档
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˵ģҸо񲻻ϲҡƺһɫ
ΪΣƺǰͷҶ϶ں棬мСξ룬¿ĥҶġ
ҿҶˡƺ֮в޼ʣת£ҾûȢȽϺá
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׵ƺһزٵĶճ֮⣬еĶҪ׵һƺѧ֮ͨһôͱҪù׵жԻƶȵĲʹöԶҲգǸͨ½ӣֻҪŬֻҪϽģôͿͨ׬ȡ׵ȡҪѧ
һһ۾Ϳ־־֮ˣһܼĴٽ֮硣
⣬׵ﵽһ̶ȣԲƺڸְľѡȻ־ѡУ׶ֻһı׼ѡҪжȡΪƺܹľǿһĻ޿ɺʵҲڵһ׼򡪡֮ڣΪ
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ΨһĿǧƵˣҲΨһұǧơĪˡ
˵ͨ쳹أһ֮˲ӵУΪǧơĴڣƺڵƲŵʵܹսۻ롣
˱߱ģԼһʱŷڡ
ƺڵŷкܶ࣬бڵӿ裬ʵֽŷʵϾƹҲ
Ҳƺڵ֮ڣһ׶صƶȣ޲ʽÿ춼ܹܽ飬ŵӸܷͼǿһ;ԣﶼṩһܺõĻ
ô˿̣Ҷ췽֪Ϊ֮˶ƺ֮ʵȫΪ˷ԲǿţҪĸķΧǾǧơ
˿ǰǵȷȷŷΪⲢɵӿ裬ƺĹ̶ʳ֮ء
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׬ȡ׵;õѡǵƸȡӦɽȶ֮Ĳ£żҲһЩСС飬һЩʱֽ˰֮ĴȻ񣬵ȴû˸׽¡Ϊڵƺڵķ˰ýֺͷҲóѲ̶ȡ
µĹ׵඼ԴڲΪԼ۱ߣССһʵǿѰҹķЩѶȡ
Ȼ֡ȵȵãзݣͬһͬʱȡֱһ򷢷Ž
ײΰ룬ôǿԱ֤ƺڵڽʱипܻڵΪ˹׵жͬʹ
˻طʱߵĲ죬ɫʱֲ·ڡ
Ҷʹˣ϶ҪǰƸģһͺͬ·ƺȻǻطƸҶŮӸ֮󣬱žƺ̤ϻطƸС·
Ҳ֪ԯǰʱܹҶڻƺڵӵݣסоЩŤ
ƺЩද·Ҳúȥߣ˿ߴ·ߵҰľ
ҺʱܹɽšҶ첢û˵ԼסƺڣΪĻпܻ˵ƺģ֡
ҿɾͲǲ֪ж񶾡ƺ죬һ顣
Ҷ״ݸƺȻ˵ͿԯĹϵޱѾ˲𱰳׵ĵزҲδ֪
զ㻹ţƺҶ췢ЦǱٵҸ˵ͷӲŽһ
ƺĻδ˵꣬ǰ￪СԺȴͻȻһϺͽڱΪʦˣ


233 粻ֹ
΢вϵǺЦȻ¶һְԵ
Ҷ¶ϲɫԯû뵽Ȼˡ
ҶĸˣƺһʧƣֱǳһЩͯҪȥȴĸʱĸоһģһ
СѣˡԯĻٶңңƮղŵĵЦδܵõƺĻش𣬶ƺҲϾᡣ
ԯǰãҶã㾢տԽȻûԯĸоȴʷǳҹĻԶԶ
һ겻ʵоԯЦһɺȶʱӿ֡
һΣǿƵϽ򲻸ҵҶ˵ջԳЦ̤ʩչСԺȥ
˿Ȼǰ;СȴȱٷɢľƸӣԯе¶㵣ܹʦΪСѡǻһʲôꡣ
ȻǶЩ֪˶ԣѫҲǡСԵɢĺɫʱǿҵĶ⣬֮˶о䡣
Ҷ죬ʩչʱȫ߶Ԫδչ¶ΪƺڿɲһС򣬶ֲ֮ǿңƺڿڵżǾԲġ
Ǿָܾܾ˫ֹ̽ó񶨽ۣҶѾоܾˣ¶ƵȴľǴǾܾˡ
νֺžڵ·񣬹һζΪ
Ҷ첻չ¶ĸԭ򣬲ˣԪȫ֮߳£̤Ȼգ۽ʮҵľš

Ҷһ֮ͣҲǳݵĹЩľڵӿò
ʦղźþ
Ӧǰɣûб˰
ҲĶʦģûʲôϡİ
֪ʦͿʲô취
ɫĵһ۷׷ף֮ǲ⡣ƺڳ츳׵֮⣬֮ʦ綨ɽвʲôɫЩƫ¡Ǽ˵ܺãҶʵԲŻɻ
ǸҶ졣
ڼ˵۵ʱȴͻȻһЩмб⣬˵ǲмʵϸиľȻǼʡ
ʦ硣֪˭׷תͷ
Ƹʦ磬˺ܵԯأƸҲǺܾԭ򲢲ֻǵĵλأǿͺģܹȱ˸ߺü£Ҿ¼Ҫ޵
һȻõ˵أҲȻܵ˵Ļӭ
ڴһˮĻУ˵ľڲ֪в΢ı仯
ֱ仯ǲȷģпܻ˱øӺƿݣôµȻûֹۡͬҲп˱úʧȥԳܴԽи١
ڴ֮ǰƸĵӴûмѫ˱ԽһֻǸƺܹΪڷ絲Ĵʦ磬˿̾Щ
ģѫüͷԵһӣɺʵ
治֪ӵֽ棬˿ѫͷ˵Ĳ֪֪ѫֺ֮£θȥش
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΢˼Ƭ̣Цʦϲʲôҵдʦ˽͸ҿɲ˵
˱ֺѫڲ̫飬Իӿڳ֮ȻζһȻֳѫĸо
־⻰ʲô˼ѫתŭֻǼ̫ǿ²⣬ȻҲϲ׸ֺԱο־ֺöֲס
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׻˵˳ѿĵҲȷƽϲЩ䡢ķ֮Се
־ѫǸϽֺãʦ磬ҿС̫˳ۣʰһ١
仰˵ȻЩͷȴȻһܺõáֻѫϷԥɫ֪˼ʲô
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ƨǿǵĿԼģܹΪᣬߵΪͬЭһģ฽ͣĳõƨ
־飬νϴ˵Ĵ£˽ҲʼԲԵķҶ
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仰˵Ⱥ޹ʿԼпͬܵ˺ʹѹ
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ͣ˵ˡѫʾסڡ
˼״׷ͣڿѫȴġ
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ǰʦ羹Ȼǵãҵ̫жˡ־ŹκһƨĻᡣ
Ҽǵò轣Ҫǧ׵ɡ˵⣬ѫĺ־ļ̾ǼҲŬȴֻһЩ¼񣬺ʱܹǧ׵㰡Ϊʦ֣Ŀ
¶жת˲ͷȴһ˿ԤС
׻˵úãȺ֣⼸˼Ȼܹͺ־ȻɫһôȻȻҲʲôö
ѫ߰ƽǿҲǼˣͻȻˣʵЩ﷢š
ôʲô˼ѫȼʩжԸСЧ
Ȼ˼״æҡͷ֣һĽ
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ô࣬ƾǼͣҪܵȥѫЦķһЦһȴҲǷġ
⼸˵ʵҲͣڶʦңƫƫʲôҲãǡ۸С͡
һѫõϡ
ǹѫǼ̾ʦ֣ʾΧߡ
üվãѫЦһһǧʮ취һҪܼ򵥣Ҳóġ


234 ʦ
صéв̫裬һ淽ֻСΡϲ޲þߣ˿һλſղ豭ȤĶҶ죬ǹһĨЦ⡣
ԯǰҶ칪֣վſڲδݡ
˵ԯЦ
Ҷͷڣԯʾ£Ķ档
޲޾ƣǵСˡԯ˵ʱɨѽݵľƺ
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ԯǰǲҲСĴƵġȻЩĻǵԯ粻ãҶ첢ǵԱԼڹ
ԯЦҶ죬Ƭ̹󻺻ͷֻǲ֮һ߱ǣЩ˾ͲͬඣȻδˤƲеĲѾˤɰǧˡ
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ߣƺŭһ߷߶ȥſڻͷһ䣬ʩˣбҲȾư
ƺ˵ȥԯֺ̾γ֪ԼһֱԾƺ谮̫ԲŵĲ̡ܹܽ
ƺԶԯε̾˿ʾҶ
֮ǰ˳ʱҶһֱվԱߣҪڰȴ֪˵ʲôΪãΪԼϾһˣ˵˵ǳĳ߶ȺǲðգΪ׺İ컵£߶
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ԯٴͷЦôΪҪš
ҲһЦԯеġšָסȥȾơ
ƺʲôطõƺĴ֮һǺҲȱ𣿺ȻᣬΪʲôҪţΪΪ˼еһԼ
ǸԼʲôҶ첢֪ſԷĳǾԼȺƺı䡣
ȻõЩҶ첢ûֱӷʣʵֱܶӷʣһǰǰ¶ԼĻͷҲǺʹ֤ԼĴǷȷ
ҲԯҶԭһ˴ȴŪһѵá
ǰҾðˣΪʲôҪѹԼԾƵأҶЦʡ
ԯЦҶ֮ǰʣѡԼʹ֮ʣһּΪı֤֡Ĳ²ǷȷԳԳء
Ϊԯ֮ǰˡôΪҪšһʣҶԲʣǿɾЩ߰ӶԷˡ
ܲԯ粢δûлشҶ⣬Ϊ֪Ҷ֪𰸣һϵ뱻ʣΪ˽ҶԸѡ
ҶȻҲֻ֪Цϲ˵
أЦգԯʵ
Ҷ̽뻳ȡ֮˫ֳϡ
ԯδӣֻ뿴ǷҶУڣô˵ûΪ
ʵԯжֻճͬУŻĴǰҶĽҲпǻɽŵȺ
ƺк㽲Ȿˣԯʡ
Ҷҡͷƺһ·ֻſŮйһ
ԯƺϵõֽ֣Բûֱ֣֮ӿΪҶ콲ƺڵĸ
ƺ˷ԲһɣʵͬʱҲŸ򣬶ĴƸȻвͬ
ԯڽʱƸĹһֻǲصĽؽһȻأҲûжô࣬Ϊ֮ǰļ˽֮£Ѿ϶Ҷһյʡ͵ĵƣ޷紵˷ѵ͡
գԯȥҶϣ±Ե
˿ɫΧ΢л谵֮УԲ¹ں֮ϣӳԲ⡣
죬ɽʱʱХƽһݺ
СӣһҵͽˡԯԶ΢мƺҶϼʲôϣһ㡣
ҶͷݣԥߵŰݣȫ˰ʦ
ʦĹУԯ粢ûΪһֱҪḶ́һΪʦΪ˵ߵŰݣߵǧҲ֡
֮Ҷԯʾ֮ͻȻһ飬ɻʵǰΪе˳ΪʦеȴΪ
Ҷԯ粻ݸЦֹƺ˳Ϊǰô
ͽˡҶ췢ЦڸոհʦһʱûзӦ֮ǰȻԯ绹ǰƺ
סඣԺٷǿҪܷġ
ʦģ㷣ҵĻᡣҶЦ
ǾͺáԯЦЦΪҶ콲ν
ԭƺڲÿɽŵ˶ܹΪĴ״ӣҸѡȡҲ޹̶Ŀ֮࣬ȫƾ⣬ҲǸɵֻҪУȻһԾΪĽ״ӡ
Щûø۵ĵӣִ³Ϊҵ֮Ȼ޷͸״ͬն
ƸУԯ״Ӳʮˣгѫ;ƺ֮⣬״֮ȴδܹܵ״֮ʵΪԯ統Ϊ״ֻΪͲסǵûƤûĿ
ЩҲ⣬ΪҲֻҪһ״ӵͷѣ룬ƺĴƸ֮Ƹ״ӣ˵ȥöӰ


235 ʦʽ
Ҷ챻ھСԺһéᡣ
éСܹҶ쵱ǼСࡰȻªȴǰΪΧ﷽Բé͵Ӿס֮
ԯӦҶŵģҶȻ֣ᷳľڹȽϲߡ
峿ɽ䴫Ҷ֮ǰڲƸ֪ټӡ
ˡ
Ҷϸо죬ҹԯ˵ĴӦŸָǼϵ˼ڱȽɢûдƽղἯϡ
ѵʲô£ҶüԺеĵһͷȻ϶ʶݣΪ֮⣬Ҳ벻ʲôܹƺڲ
Ѹϴ׵ҹȡľƸΣһ·ۣ֮ء
ϵĵص㲢̫Զλסʮһ߷壬嶥ɽһƬʯ飬Ǽ֮ء
ʯֱ﷽Բɣɫڣ˼ʯ࣬п֮
ʯƽǳΧѾΪĽ˸װΣ˿̿ȥһ޴Ĳ
ʯ鿿Եһ̨̨Ҳ󣬷Բֻ߶ߡ̨ѽΣмǰ󣬸ǹ֮ã֮ԵСΪִ׼
֮һӭƮĴ죬죬Ҷ쵱΢вͬΪͼĽ˿һںڷ˿ߣƾͼ
˿ɫδֻǳ͸ʱԹ߲Ǻϵͼ˿һѹƵĸоָоƲͼ¶ֵӳ£ȴΪ֮⡣
Ƹ󡣡һŮĶϵ֣ЩӵĹâ
Ҷʱ˴Ѿۼ˲ٵӣа֮࣬ռݾķ֮һһĿĹˣԿ˷С֮ϻڲϵӿ׷Ŵ˴ۡ
һԴһӽ̸Ҷ֪˴ֽʯ顱þͲˣ͡ǷǱ仹ǲֻ֮ҪκμĻͶС
İɣ˵͵ʮ߰꣬ƽֻɫЩƣ
ʦֶָ̡Ҷ׹֡
̸ָϣʲôңҵǿԾ𡣡
Ҷͷһůĸ֪֮£ԷʵĶʦңֻԼ߳һףʵΪҶָ෴ģѧϵҲδܹǿҶ졣
ллʦˡҶٶȹ֣ȻԴ˵ʵܶҶʲôƾǾͻҲͷůˡ
ÿİ˰֡
ʦֹաҶԵãĶļ䡣
šʦֻش΢ЩǺܶеëദʱϲԼ߿һۣ˵߾ֹǻ¶Щİ͸֮С
Ȼ񣬲Ҷ첢⣬ЦҾͽʦˡ
λʦȫű󣬴˿űԶƺѰʲôˣҶĻֻ֮Ƿܰĵ˵ͷ
ҶѭĿ⿴һۣ󾲴֮󷽲ʣʦֿɷ֪ټΪ£
ű˼̫ȷĵҪΪǸƺʽͽʽɡ
ŶűҶеĴʯڳ׷£ʵյʱͷȺϲɻɫţ˵˴ټΪ֮²ǻ£ɻΪ˶ܹ뵽Ϊ£ȻˣǱ϶ݱ¶һͻųˡ
ƺûйʦذǲ٣Ҷ࣬ʼű
ûУСرӣ˵ľ״ʽٳٲеԭҪƺƺȴ¿ƵģȻӵڡű˵仰ʱЩʣΪǶͲõĳΪ״ӣƺȴ˶ԴֱĻᡣҲֹˣҪǾƺΪûԯΪ״ͷɺƵĵط
ҶԸ˵űȴٶȿڣ˵һ֮ǰһ·ɫʲôģ
˵䣬űһĸɫҶϵܣ֪ʲô𣿾ǸԶȥ밡
Ҷڨڨͷɫһ졣
ģ治֪ǶôģűһڣɫڹͳĽʺޡ
Ǻǣʦ֣ȥǱһ£лġҶֻҸڿ
ȥȥɣʲôļǵңűŲӶҶ
Ҷͷ˰֣ô˿űΪ飬ԭΪֻ½Ŷѡ
ȺҶʯĶԵشԱȽϰ֪Ϊβû˾£ڴ˴
վסŲҶȴͻȻоĿⶢԼŤͷ̽ȻԼλʮɿ⣬ЩΧΧĵӣʮ˫۾˿̾ȻһָӵڶԼֱ
ҶͷëȺ˵п̫飬оȡĽгЦмʡвмаͽɫ֮ӦоС
Ҷͷִ֮˴ֻܽԼºһûзκε
ôˡҶСֹͬʱɫ˲
һ˱һȺ˵㿴Ų£µΪʲôö֪
Ҷϸͼͨǿĸ֪˵ЩʲôӶһЩߡ̫֮࣬۷׷ףԵеľֱ֮ͲӬתһ㡣
Ҷ졣
ҶͷޱȵʱͻȻһС
ҶȻ̧ͷоĵô
Ȼ̧ͷ֮ĵһ۱һ󷽵ŮԼ
϶ҶӲͷƤӭȥ
Ȼ϶ЦӯӯҶǰվλþҶ첻һߡ
Ҷ켱æһЦôˡ
ѽ϶˵ʱһ˫Ŀգѽգģʮֶˡ
⶯ҶɾЩˣΪŮǰ˵ţκһ˶ûһŶıǶ˪ޱȵΣָоҶܡ
ô֪⣿Ҷʣת䡣
ƺ˵İҹƸ½ʱ˵ǽҪһʲô״ʦʽ϶ҶΪóֱֻҶΪ˾Ϊ֮ġ
½㣿Ҷ쾪ȵĿ϶Ůǲˣ϶ղ˵ʱǾ½ֱеĶףʲô
ô½㣬ְܲܽɡ϶Ц
Ҷֱ
ĵúܿء
ģʲôҶ쾪ֻ֣綼Ҫˡ
㰡϶˵տЦ


236 ּ϶
϶ͻȻֱҶǳԾ˷Ȼ˵Ļﻰ²׷Ҷ죬Դ
Ҷ쳹׻˵úãŮĺ룬޷׽
˿̾Ҷ쵽ѾһʱˣڵӻѾ룬ʹиδҲѾԿСϼϵӰ
ƸϽҪʽһӣ²̫ʡҶ컷һܣ϶˵
ڹң϶콿ЦֱҶ졣
Ҷüͷ壬ʵǱʶȷʵڵ϶İΣΪϾѪ֮ˣƺѾһʮΣյ飬ٽ֦ӷˡ
ֹĺǹ죬ҶҲ֪ΪʲôݶϸķҶŴе
϶ǱƺȻΪ˱𣬵˼ȴҪӽҶ죬һŮܹΪ׷Լð˴գ˭˭ж
˸жȻͲĿΣվء
ߣ¡Ҷ֪ȰЧǿװһ׺ģ
϶С죬Ըתȥ
Ҷ״кһڴû꣬϶ȴͻȻתͷϲЦ֪װģͲҡ
߰㣬ɱƶˡҶֻ֮ٶȺ졣
УҪӦһҲߡ϶ϲȫҶĺ졣
Ҷüͷ壬ԥڰһᣬʵʲô£
˵ӦǲӦ϶ЦſҶ죬˿رܱͶĿ⡣
ԹŮ׷жһ飬ο϶ôƯҶ컹һ½ӡ
ڸղţҶ쾹ȻɵǺǵվ״ӡִµ˲վ򣬶ҿǸģȻ֪Լվλá
ԣ֣϶׷Ҷڳ˵ﶼʻţ飬ֱǱ⻹Ըʶ䣬˶ϧ
Ȼ˵ʵʵϱǷԸʶ䣬ЩûںںǣȺΪβ䵽ǵͷϡ
˵Ǽʡ

۷׷׵ʱ򣬳⴫һ߿СתˣΪ׵Ǳԯ磬Ȼǿ󣬵Ը߾񣬲֪ʲôϲ¡
ߵһӣ˿ʲмӢȣղŵĻҲǳԴ֮ڣ˲ǱˣǾƸӣѫѫ󻹸ʮˣЩ䲻ȡٸ죬ŷҲͨ΢вͬǳִ֮
Ҷ״ͷһ϶ٲ߿ɾˡ
㻹ߣҶ켱дŭɫЩѿ
ӦҾߡ϶ҧ촽
Ů˵ıɱȻҲһ˫нܹһʲôãȫò̶ȶҡ
Ȼͬ϶òб顣
Ӧ߰ɡҶֻܵͷӦʡ
ã˵ġҶͷ϶ϵĿʱתΪϲֱȷ黹졣
˰϶þգ˱˻ԡ
ҶƵĻ˻֣ҴӦʲô°
϶ϲııȥҶͷȻһЦʱٸ㡣
ҶߣֻʵѲ´μ棬Ҫ취ġ
Ҷ죡ôĵӣȻվڴ˴֪Ǹ˭վģ
Ҷ˼ʱѫǱŭͻȻڶ
ҶŤͷȥֻղʮѾӵԯ˴ѫһ׺ݵָԼ
˭վģҶ첢̧ܣʶʳһ䡣ΪղѾȺ˿һͷˮλÿЩΣ϶ͻȻһߡ
״ӣǳִ£ǸҲѫԴǣǳ⡣
ѫ԰գ˶ʱ֮ǰ϶ĵ׷Ľ¼Ҷһʱг˵ѫǹϵľƸһӣ˭׸
ŶҶϵͷȷʵĲǣȻ֮٣˾Ǵˡ
ŶһŶˣѫΪҶᷴƱ磬û뵽Ȼֱӡɾ̫Ȥˡ
㻹أҶ캷Ȼ֮ӣ˿塣
أѫװһģתӳˣֵλʦֵܣӷ˹ػ˵ֱ׳Ǹ߸Ӧأ

ط
ǾƸ󣡡
֮һߣ˿в֪ǰ¶Ҷһʮ⡢񼫵Ķ
ֲ֪ƾʲô
ͬʱһͻأȴ
ͬ峿İ鶯Ŵϲ
һ˵Ŀⶼ৵һƶȥȻͬ´½һľ档
ôֻˣҶͷһ
˲ǱˣǸոȥ϶߳ûԶѫĺǳ֮ǱĻطֱ˶Ҷ췢ѣǱƲסͦ
Ȼ󷽿ʣ˿ٵĿ৵һ¼Ҳɵĺһ
ǺˣѫûзŭΪûֱܹӶһôŮӷŭ
˭϶Ѿ˷ѫղźǳҶʱǸһ
ѫһû뵽ŮӾȻ˵ı꣬ſλҲ㲻ͣŮȿֺ׷Ķ󣬺ŮԴ
Ƕ¡ҶĿ϶˵
϶Ȼ֪ҶߣͷԾɲƵӿһɱˡ
Ҳߡ϶ҧ촽ɫд㡣
Ϻǣ𰡣ûأ̶ѡѫԽԽô˿̣еĶȻƺڶҶĿأѾת޴ڡ
˼ôҶҲЩŭȷʵ䳰ȷ̷źԽܣѫһ߳жȻ϶ﻰĳЩ˲м
ôû˼ѵб˼ѫҶ죬еȭͷȻսͬʱͽȻɢһεơ
Ҷ첱΢֪ԼѫĶ֣û
һս˼ҶֱѫĿ硣
ռٽ㣬֮ǰһֱûпڣֻǵЦҶԯվ
ԯһѫϵ˲࣬ϵıҲԵı仯
ʵѫҪҶ֣ȻʣûǰͳʵԴʦȥŹһ½ӣĻɾ̫ݶˡ
ʵĿ֤һҶԯеķϴȥ;еʱԯΪҶȳԼһΣкʹһֱԯΪĵӣɲ֮ǰǳһƺһҶ죬ȥ治֪ԼƸ󻹻첻ȥ


237 ״
ԯվȻδ˵ٶѫ˵ȷĴ𰸡
ѫѸήȥȻ֮ˣʧȥʦֺ֧Ҳ˲һȻ֮С
ԯĲ̣̾ʵľ񲢲ѫҶ֮ѡһΪصġ෴ģΪܿأԲŻѡ뿴ѫһ;뿴Լİͽڼֵ
ѫ¡ԯ粢óֻܾİΪƵĵز
ѫһƺûʦ˵ЩжͬʱȻ֮ȴʢ
ʦʦѵΪ˻ǸҶ죬Ȼϧֱ˵ױǿﰡѫţΪԯûֽȶ˵ԲŻѫᡣ
ѫһƬʼԼʦص㡾ְؼֱһЦ
ʦҪе״ӰʦʽΪɣѫָҶЦ
һжʱһƬĿ϶ٶתƵҶɽϣȻԯ绹δȷĴ𸴣Ȼкܶ˵ѾʼΪղŶҶе¡
оƺġԯѫֱɫ絶ⱲûȢӣȫĸ鶼Ͷϡң뿴Ҷ;ƺͬѫѾԯʮ֮ã۸飬֮ΪģԯѫһֱռųӰĵλӶԸʧ׵ܲʹ
ǺǣоƺġѫЦظһ䣬оƺģ⼸ֵ֮ʲôǳ˾ƺ֮⣬Ҷ졣
ѫΪʦ磬Ҫ
ʦѫ岻ʣܷǡѫԯĻҶİʦ䣬ΪָоͺۿԼİŮӺͱ˰óһ㡣
ѫΪʦҲ㣬ȥ侲˼һ°ɡԯĻѫžƸеǰϣҪʱڿѫҰıʱȴ
ѫˡѫ֣Ȼȥ
ѫԶ֮ԯɫֳһư˺ƣ̾󷵻λ
ҶҪȰοȴ֪˵ʲôΪã˭˭ҲۣϾҶЩ
Ҷ졭϶Ҷвʹ죬һСĺ
Ҷüͷ壬ʾϽȥ
϶֪ȥҶҪҧԥƬ֮תȥ
ߵĲߵĶˣһʱĬ֮С
Ĭһֱ˺ܳʱ䣬ΪĻû԰ʦ䲢ܾС
ֵ˺ܳʱ䣬ձԽѹ˿ܲסˣֻԯϵһѯʺ̽ϰ˵Ҫô͡
ȡԯش˵ѫĲģôƺԿɾͲôˡ
ǡ
˵ѵԯټıŭŵ˻һҲ˵
˾ۼʱ峿ʱƣ˷Ѿٽ硣Ӹ߿£޵ɽʯ֮Ϻޱ˵Ƥ֮ϡ
˶üͷˮѾֵķû˸˵Եô̶
ǨŭˣⲢԯԸ񣬶֮ǰҲû֮Իˣȫѫ;ƺΪǵ˰̡
·𿴵֮ǰǸ֮ݺİͽǸȴƺڵϡ
ʦ
˵ˣڳܹ֮ԯһʦ˲࣬һŤͷſ̨࿴ȥ
˿վʮˣͷβÿ˵϶дſƣƴʲôƴԹȴҷ
Ҷ죬ΪղǾ䡰ʦеġ
ԯ֮ɫͲ٣ڵȣڵǸܹԼཻͽ
νģ˫֮ȫȥԼ뷨ǶڶԷǲԺޱıֻԶֱѡ
ԯҶǰڴ;Уÿһ״ӵɫɨһ飬óĽǰ̾һ
ǿŵĹǹһԯȨʵʧôֹͻԥתΪ̤
֡ԯǿһ˿΢ЦȻֻһ˿ȴȷǷġҶοҲ֪ҶղźҪ˵Щʲô
ҶɻĿԯ磬ԥ֮ڻûпڣΪԯѾ˶Է˼
ԯҶҪ˵Ļ˵Ǩŭ˲ʦ֮磬Ȱɡ
ҶҲԯҪҶǣҶ˼ûʧ
һоڲС
Ҷԯ̽ץ󽫱ͷָϷӨӨ׹⣬Ҷֱۿ̻ȥ
ԯվָӫɢ
ҶͷԼֱֻۣӴӼͷ󣬾ȻѾֵĳһƾͼ
ͼϸ΢ϸ޷֣ϸ֮ȴУ·𿴵һͼһ㣬оϵĴֱ򱶡
ǾͼһǳΪƺڵˣڵĵӣԯ״֮ˡԯҶ죬֣أƺڸ㲻ʧ
Ҷ֮ӣüᶨֿĿԻӦͳŵ
ͼѱУаʦ񣡡ͼãһλִ¸ЩȻˣȴǡúá
Ҷͨ򵹣ȻѾݹٰκεķܡÿһεߵ׶ûͷһƬͨ죬ÿһεĹݶ롣
أǾ仰һΪʦΪ
ߵŰϣԯԷҶ죬ЦƮȻȥ
ԯߺ󣬳Щ˸ߵߣɢɢ򣬱ֻʣȼ˶ѡ
мѫ˵ĺ־ˣԥ֮ѡȥ
һߣбֻʣָˣУһҶ쾹Ȼʶ
ǡҶ졭űĿ࣬Щųʵ
ҶЦŵͷΪ˱˵ΣǸϽתƻ⣬ָԼƺҪʵʦֿɷʶλʦ֣
űԶһȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ĺ˵Ϊ֮ǰܵԯصˣѫǾƺƢ̫ãҼҲܴҶΪ˴̨׵ľٶʵǳһ
ʦ֣Ҷű㶣
ŶʶʶλǺλȫűһһܡ
Ŷλʦ֡ҶŶ˹
˼״æĻȻ׼ڴΪֻܷŹһأһ˵״ӣܰͽ;Բܴ
Ҷ
λʦţСһˡҶȻԭǸϽǵĻͷɲЩĹѾ㣬ûҪڶˡ


238 Ƹ
Ҷλʦֵܣһ̤ǰƸĵ·
ƺûгڰʦֳԯģȻֻһСС꣬ΪҲȷʵЩ
Ϊ֮ǰ϶ᵽһ䣬Ҷ֪ƺӦúһǰʦһҪǰȥѰҾƺ
ѰҾƺԭܼ򵥣ǾĿͬӵʦͽȥսƻһθһǶڰ»ʦͽӶЧ
ԯѾͽ˺һΣΪҶԭԯѫĹϵҲýҶԲþƺʲôӣҪúõĴԯߡ
ȻҶ뷨ЩԵҾԭ󲿷ҲֻΪԼĵ𣬵Ϊһ˽飬ΪҪܹΪҴôǺһ׮
Ҷеúܿ죬µٶͬ۵糸СߵľҲѸٵģӡ
ƺĴƸֱɽ֮ϣɽҲǸݶӦƸ
磬ƸڵɽֱƷ壬ƸڵɽֽƸԴơ
ҶĿĵرǲƷ壬˴Ʒ嵱ʱҵ·̣ҶмȣԵȫʱȻֻһʱҡ
˿ҶվڲƸ㳡ǿ֮ͭǰ˫ְľƵӴ֮ϣɫԥ
Ҷһ֪֮ˣ֪Լܺ;ƺᲢۣȻˣôһײȥĺͱҪȫȨе
ȻȥеʲôΣ෴ģеĻᶼûС
ΪһײȥĺҶ
õıûκᣬֻѶֿ΢΢Ҷ첢֪ƺˮΪʲôԯ簮ͽݿ϶һáȻҶҲһݣڻδݲܸκεİ
кþлҶȻֻǺõģΪĽ֣ѾҶûĲ
ΪĽ־Ҷ챻ƸѺؾƸ󣬲ݣķôʱˣɳȻ֮µľȻԯ״ӣʱԯɾĵطûˡ
ϴȥִܲ٣Ҷ첢֪µסŻ֮ͭǰԥ
ײǲײѾҶԺظɰǧˡ
ԥĹУҶ϶ڵĻǲǾͿԴԼǰȥѰˡ
ţҶ조˳ϰ㡱뵽϶ݣǣһϵе
һ϶Ǳƺڵġ
ڶ϶ڲڻݵġ
ƾʲôϲԼˡ
ģ´μҪôܼȲģġ
⼸ֱײ벻ײҪѰٱرһ⣬ҶĥһֽҪ״̬
һ˵ձڶһԼûиоȴ׷ԼŮʱܻʶһֱֱİȫҲܹ顣ԭ򣬴ž˶ϣϲԼŮǰһѡ
Ҷһѧţкܶೣ߱ŵ㣬ǣϾɣڸһ棬ֻǷӶѡ
ԼֵػסС˪ĸ飬ȴܳ׵׵ľŮǧ֮⡣
ЩʲôҶ͵ҡҡͷҾƺģô֪侹Ȼͷת϶ϡ
ѵҡҶԼְֱ취Լ˼·ѵѾе㿪ʼϲˣ仰ҶҲԲԼ˵
뵽Ϊ˳״ԼĹͷҶһᣬ˫Ӵ͵һݺݵײ˶֮ͭϡ

ȴ˲ʱصľɽԶԶݳȥ
ҶŶ䣬аԼӱϴξѾԹһĿξȻ˴϶
޴˶ݵָоܣһյʱ䷽ɢȥ
ɢȥҶ֪𸽽ĶƬ֮üͷΪ֪ĲôƸаʮＯᡣ
ѶϢĺǼϣѶĴƸ󾡽ͨáһʲôĴƸͬͨá
ԣ˵ʲôҲǴģΪһһ飬Ǿǡ˵ң
Ҷ̾ķչȻŲõһȥġ
Ҷһ˿ͷ̱㱻ǿҵıӶ񶨣Ӻʲô鶼ҪڵҶôԼϷ
뵽ҶϯضԴ˾ƸӼ
ǣ
һʱкеҶĶ䡣
ҶȻſ˫ĿһԴľűķȴҶ첻ЦĵװֲǴܣǳʲô硭
Ƕݵʱ䣬ѾԽԽĳڹ㳡֮ϣǵķξͬһɫĵϳǵɫΪϣ·ƲȴϣɫΪɫɫĽϣչֳֺس֮С
˲Ǻܶ࣬аˣоȻŮͬţʹҶǷѽ⡣
ѽֻʱģΪͻȻյĻ
Ƹط磬ʵΪΪ࿡㣬ΪŮϲƹƺ۷ճ
ʷҲ˵ƹճһϾͿԷƸŮռŵĴԭ
ΪճνײҲʲô˲ܹƵĹЩ
ܼ򵥣һ͡ĵˡ
ôʾѣľºʹƣһӣмŮӻ᲻ϲأ
ߺˣҶ˼·һŮЩ
Ҷ̧ȥֻǺŮȻԴ󣬵õƯپ¡ȳƣ֮ˡ
¾ƸҶ죬λʦ㡣Ҷ칪֣̬ʮء
ر罻ҪȾ֮һҲҶʼյķ֮Ӳκԩ޳֮
ǴҲ
˭ʦ㣡Ů֣жвá
Ҷüͷ壬ǰŮӵʮңĪ˵ǽһʦ㣬ⲻƺڣҶ콫֮Ϊ̡Ϊ
˼ʷҶü׷һ䡣
֪ʺǲףȥʵ벻ʷȻܳƺԷΪʦ㣬ôֻѯˣΪǽ֮ΪʦãпöԷԼҾᣬҶҲ޷˵ΥĵĻ
Ҷոʹֳ̱֮


ǾƸȻûкö
ڽУҶε˼㣬һ뵽Ϊһʶ׽Ȼǰ壬ڵǰĻ£ѾΪŮͨôˡ


239 Сͻ
Ҷ촦˵Ա֮У΢΢ŭڣǰȺȻ㲻òãէһҲ˵ķǳŶԡ
˵ײͭʵ֮١
ن£Ϊ˭֮٣ҿǿΪǰŮӼŴҶĻһøģ
Ҷüͷ壬֮ǰӡеĲƸӦпŮнԸ߲Ŷԣû뵽ʵͲô¡
Що֮Ҳ𣬸ͲԵɣͷᳳֹ֣һɵӵķȶûС
Ϊ˭ײǲƸͭӣǵң
԰˵ǾƸôͰѺȥԯ϶˵
ԯ磬϶
ʶʱôеҶ챩ŭֻɫ˲ǼΪɭ˵ֵܣעԴǡ
ԯһʮͷӣƤǰ𪣬û㿡ʣеȣ˿֮ǰǼŮվһֹΪܣƺһˡ
˭ֵܣٸ׽ǰһ벻м
ǰŹأΪһϻҶŭѾ˵ƺڵӣﲻƺڣһ仰Ҳ˵ֱѾˡ
СѩûУ˼ҪءЦĺˣ˽ͷоү
ǱΪѩ֮ǰǸŮӣ˷ɵĻʱŸϣֹǲСֱǴء˵ǲǰ
ѩ˵ջڵգһһоȻ¥ļŮмơ
֮£𽥿ƸӸŸΪǱϾͬһƸ󣬶Ҷȷȷʵʵĺǵͭӣڹ˽ǶӦýҶΪжԡ
Ҷ״ֻü⣬ֻһһŮҲ֪ʲôͷ۴ĸˡҲ֪ƺΪ˶ɽţѵͲ½ܻ
˵ѽСѩҶ첻˵˫һֵģ
˼ǱҶйˣҲ֪Ƹ󵽵ôˡ
ҶԺĵһͷǾƺ϶ΪѰ£϶ѾûͭӣʹЩĻãھƺԯ״ӣȻԹȴ޷йҶ쾹ȻҲôһ֣̣Ա׷׸õ֮ˡ
Ȼôǰǲ֪ҶҲԯ״ӡ
˵ưѩƣƺƵҶģ¿¾Ͳˡ
Ǹ״ӳ˵Ҷ첻͵ɨ˰ѩһۣ
ϺǣС״ҲܽеĶģҶĻѩ̲ס䳰ȷ
ǺǡҶЦΪڰѩ仰һҪķ֣Ǿ״Щ״ӵзʮأݺ͵λҲȫΣڰѩ
СЦʲôҶЦʹðѩŭʢΪղŵЦҶڣаŨŨĲмӶ
Ҷ״ЦΪӰѩıղŵǸЦѾĳӰѩҲһ޶֮ˣ׻˵úãԽȱʲôԽҪҫʲôⰢѩҶһһСĺţԼĸ߽࣬ĸ߽𣿴𰸺ԣֹ߽࣬඼пܡ
ôˣͽСҶЦʱȺȴͻȻһද
϶ȻҶ첢ûпˣѾֱܹ˭
ȺʶУһλȳơݶ˵ŮԽڶҶ޲϶
˭ѽҹ£ѩ϶֮ʵԲλ࣬øıٶֳ
ѽ㲻ǿڿ˵Ҳôأ϶˵俴Ҷ죬һ˫Ŀתݡ
ѩһ϶п˶Էղ˵ǷǲȻŭǴðС˻㿴㿴񣬾͸ҹèӷһ㣬ɧ
ѩһ˶ʱüͷ壬ȻŭҶ޶ײӣȴû뵽Ȼһ˵Ļɫֹ޶ҲˣﾹȻ˵Ĵֻࡣ
ѩҲЩҲסˣ˰ѩһ¡
ѩŭ˦˰ӵֱۣȻֱ϶ȥ
ҶעŰѩľٶߵĹҶʵӦڶʦڣ߼䲽Щ鸡ӦϢɵġ
С˻㷸ѩѾŪЩ߳ŭˣֻ첽ߵ϶ߣ׼϶ӣֱ̧
㿪Ҷۼѩİ϶ȥ϶ȴ㣬ʹͷȻĽ
ž
࣬ȷǰϵ
϶Ҷ졢ѩ˵ľٶһ˲϶ҸҶɫӣѩһ˫۾ɵϴû뵽ȻᷢһĻ
϶ҸҶ죬ΪʼղĵıҶְҶĸҲԼûԼȻΪ϶֣Ϊ϶޷ܡ
ѩ򲻱ضԶ˵ˣһ֮ǰΪҶҵʮƸӵ涯֡Ҳû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻܹϵǰһɲǷҶһƴأڻһͷת֮С
㡭ŰǰӼõİ˰ƣǰֻأղҶͽȻֵһĻʦڵʵⲢҶĶֻ֣վһԽĵԲ㡣
Ҷ졭϶ҧ촽һ˫ĿĶҶ죬̺Ҹ
Ҷͷȥ޷ԼһٶǶ϶Լġ
´Ҳְ㡣Ҷ䣬϶һۡ
϶û˵ҶȴƬ̺ͻȻЩףֲ˼ҪԼĳģô޶˵ĸ˼ɫ
Ҷüһ룬ӲͷƤԼֲǶ㲻
Ҿֻ֪װġ϶̲סĿЦΪҶⷽݼʵ̫ˡ
ǿǱ۸ˣӱһ֮ʮգղųҶ϶˵ĹѾλͬȴǲ⣬ûԸ
ȺȻŭҶײӣ԰ѩͰӵҲȷܲϲͬϰǺ䣬϶ĳѾ״ǵͷΪ϶ҲǲƸĵϳ£Ҫ϶ǳĻֹһȰѩǿĲһǰ㡣
ҪϸĶʱԵԶҪжѡ
ԣѩܣҲܣǻһȡĺϷ


240 
Ȼվ˾͸ӲС󣬵ǶҶײӵΪҪи˵ġ
СֵմھƸ˭ϰաһĸߴǰҶ칰˹֡
˿ҶڿǱȥİѩˣǰæתߣֻʵСʦӾƸԯ磬Ҷһ֡
ʵҶ첢˵ԼݣһҫɣȻʣҲܲ˵ΪҪ˼ҲƸһĽ
Ҷ˵֮һȻԯѾΪҶ˰ʦ䣬黹δԲƸ˻֪顣
һλ״ӡ
ΪǾƸ״ܻҰ
ҹǾƺոùͭӣû뵽쾹Ȼһ
۷׷ףûжҶĻ˿ĻɣΪҶϵȷһֶصʣ˲òŷ
ԭԯǰĸͽǰǸߴƺԤϣԴ˷ûбֳͬһľȡ
֪ʦγƺҶƣ˿֮СһӶ˵ĶԻͿԺԵĿΪǸߴȻҲܺƣȴҶΪСֵܡȻëϸлЩ֮ģƺȫ£Ӧʦֵܳƺ֮ô˵˼ҲԣǾ˭״ӣվǲƸˣײӾǲԡ
˼ҶȻóҲȷΪԼ˵ʱҶ컹ԸʦƣһǳòΪ˱ԼԸ˵£֮˵ֻҪͷԸܵġ
죬ҲաߴӰ˰ֲûлش
Ҷüͷ΢壬˶ݵĸߵ͹ĺأҲ᲻Ը֮ˣ˲ЩԲλ˼
ʦ˵ЦˡҶ첢ᰲοˣ֪˵棬˵ĶˣܻܿöԷС
û˵Цͨӣ״ӵǰȷʵǲֵһᡣߴЩε仰˵ͨӵΪʵˣƺĴƸ״ӵѡʽǸԵֶŬͿȡĵԻ˸о˺κͽ͡˸оһָߵ͹֮֡
ҶƬ֮εĵʦ֣ʵڹһλѣ˷ǰΪѰһЩҪ飬ȴ֪ܹѰĵ鼱֮·д²ߣ߶֮£ǹʲôسͷ֮࣬ǲҿܡ
Ҷ˵գ˵ɫ׷ӿһ˿ȣڴ֮ǰѾԷݶ޿κε׼û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ͨǴûκһ״ϼ顣
ͷ̸ϣֵֻܴ˾ٱϾЩͻ
ҶƸʦֵˡҶ֪ߴҪ˵ʲô޷ҪһϵİοѡҶ仰Ǹӣһ״ӺԺ˵ȥԵĳ
ҵҵ
ʦҲ֮١
ҪѰ˭ˣǴȥˡ
ҶĴʽ˺ǻϲΪĽȻõƵĽôǻǺһƸ״Ӵ򽻵ģȻͬ󣬵״ȴͬǰ;
лλҪѰ䣬˫¡Ҷ΢Ц֣Ȼ˵İͽ֮⣬ȴ˿ư̬ȡ
Ŷ㾹ȻҪѰߴ¶ȣȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ»ʶҲֻеҲ΢΢Щȵ˼
ôˣҶЩ棬Ϊһᵽ˵ķӦǿҡ
ûû¡ߴӰ˰֣һֹģʵǵľȲȫԴҶʶ£Ϊ̾Լѡ׻˵Ⱥ֣Ҳ״ӣټһģƽٺ˵Ц֣ǰ꣬ȻһǰδףݾȻҲǸ״ӣʹǸоһȦӲͬΡ
ָоͺÿ춼ҪΪƶ˺ӵмҲĸӵܵĶԱһ㣬˲ò̾
Ҷ״ҲٹʣǸߴӿ׼֮ǰµסȥˡ
ʵҶȫѡ϶·֮ûôԭж
һڹҶ춼ᾡܿ϶ļ棬˵ദˡ
Ȼѡ˸ӣôҪһףкܶʱ鷳һ˲һ˷յ飬෴ģȥ鷳ǡǡ˵һӡ
·ϣߴӵĽҶ췽ŵ֪Ҳһ֮ǰΪ˲Ƹط״ӣһطصһʵǲƸ
Ҷ֮ͷ΢идֻʣ⼸ˣȻ֪˪ǣȴ䲻仰˵Ҳʱ֮ǡ
£ܹץסᣬпһɳ죬Ϊ⡣νǰ;һƬ
Ѿ䣬˵ìܣ治֪ǲⰲŵ飬Ϊµǰ;ʹĴۡ
Ҷ˼ҷӣһ·ϲδǸߴ˵ǸߴҲرϲֺãҶ˵֮ûٴڨֻͷ·
ţ֪УΧ᷿ѾԽԽϡ
Լֹһʱ䣬ڵ˱εĿĵء
ǰǼСԺˣԼǰȥһ¾һˡߴƺһҪӵģʹҶ죬ҲϣԷ˵
ллʦ֣ԺᣬҶרŰݷáҶЦŹ֣仰ģ˿û֮С
ߴ΢жݣֻһͨӣ˵һ㣬״ӱ·ĸҲӡҶȻ˵ǫһĸж
ϴӭʦܡߴѵõ¶ЦݣҶĳƺҲڴСֵܱʦܣתȻϸ΢ȴԿҶѾ𱰳ɼ
ﻰȥʱҪ䷹ءҶ˼ӱȻԷ̬ȵת䣬ʹҲǸˣ⣬ӦǼ̾ƺ֮ƺڵĵڶѡ
ǺǣģƷܹߴЦĲǺˬʣΪϾֻͨӣһ״ӳֵ飬Ҫһϰߵʱ䡣
ָԿ˼䣬ߴȥֻҶ϶ˡ
ҶСֹŸղڸߴӿеֻЩԹԵĸо
϶һ͵ЦͬʱҲСֹ
Ҷ״üͷ΢壬ԥ֮ʵ̲סһ䣺Цʲô
ûаֻǾ˵ֺ˼ѡ
ҲЩŤû׵ױŤĶ
Ʒܹء


241 Ľ
ҶĿͰ뿪ջߣʼ¾סڡ
һ羰ľСԺԺΧʣԺϲżһʯʯʡ
ʯȻɾ沢޲ˮߣڴ֮ʱӦö뵽ڵġ
һľݣ򵥣ȥȴΪɣ˸оס
˿ƿţҶ϶վԺ֮һƬ֮󷽲ɻĵôһˣ
Ҷ԰Խп࣬仰ǱʶԣǾô쵽һȥˡ
Ȼ²϶׷Ҷ죬֮Իˡȡԭ̶ܴΪҶΣҶԲԲ˪
ڼҶ쾹Ȼ϶һֵͬʱŻᾪȣΪֳһִϱŰĸо
ҶΪ㳡ͭӣȥģȻͰˡ϶ϽΪҶ͡
϶ľٶҶͷһůʶȥ
϶עµϣԲδҶĿ⣬˿΢΢ɽ紵Ӷ϶ޱߵļ㷢Ƕ˵òľ֮أȻһֲʳ˼̻
Ҷ첻Щ񣬲Һþƺʱְ˼
ǲľ𣬶Ӱһƺδȴƫƫװӱ˵ߵˡ
Ҷ챻ʵһ뵽ԼѾΪУοЦġ
ңƺͼסҶÿԿµĿ⣬ಢκãԭ߲
˵һƿԼǰľƺҲãתݡ
Ҷ϶Ҳµ磬ͷ
֮ʾ⼸ָָϵĲˮԸƺ衣
ƺȻӣȴµĻڵõʾ̱֮ΪҶ϶Եһ
ͣͣͣ¡ҶסΪԼľƺ
ɶƺܸҶ쵹贿Ϊµʾ⣬̬Ȳá
ҽġҶ콫ߵľʰʾƺ¡
ƺŰɵ£ȴҶġ
ʦΪβȥҶ쿪żɽԾƺԸòתĨǡ
ȥأƺ԰еһ֮С
Ҷ챾ƺһ裬ͷŶȾƣԯìҲֻƺȲģԴ˾ٲףþƺᡣ
ΪβȥҶ²׷ʡ
ҺȾơƺҲԣԭô򵥣Ҳû˼
ҶԿЦãԯοȾƵΪЩʲôϸĺ;ƺһ顣
ƺʱݣ֮ǰֻ֪ԯ粻Լƣ֪ԯ羹ȻҪ֪ʮԯÿձҪľƣڣȾѾһְã˵ԯеһˡ
𡭡ƺۿҲԱ˵ֻоƣ׽ƶԯ˵Ҫжôʹࡣ
ԯУƣʮ벻Լߵѡ
ΪҪƭ㣬ʦ˵ĺ񰮣ȴʹСӡҶЩԹ˼ء
ƺû˵ֻüҧƺ˼߾ʲô
Ҷ״Ҳ˵º϶ҲʶȤֻһԾ
Ƭ֮󣬾ƺֱվĿҶһۣлл㡣
ԣҶǹһĨǳǳĻȣοЦ⡣ƺԯ˵ͬһµĺӣӶ֮ΪȾһ»һĹ֣Ҷ콫⹵ƽʹڿ¾ס
ƺѾСԺʣҶ졢¡϶ˣһʱͻȻЩҶܹоһЩ⣬ʹâڱԥ֮Ҷ롣
ƺȵҡҶ׷˳ȥõľȻ̤
¼״һĺߣаСӵõ졣
½㣬ڹ㳡ġ϶ѩ֪ҶʲôΪһ㣬ķӦ
ֻˣǲ˵˰ɡ²ûаѻ˵꣬վŴһۡ
ҪͿ͵˼϶Ȼó
½ϢɣҲҪȥˡ϶ǡ
Цŵͷ϶СԺ֮⡣
Ŀ϶ԽԽԶֱʧ̾һҶ죬㲻Ķ˰ɡ

ƸҶס
˿Ҷƽľ֮ϣ۾Ķﶥľüͷ΢΢ƺ˼ʲô顣
;׷˾ƺͬƺȥԯϴʦͽ˳֮󷽲Żطס
֮Ҷоһƣƣǹ죬Ϊ壬Ƿĵһ־ĥ
С˪ҶૣԺиֳ˪ǽɰӰһ˫ˮĴգѽգģƺڶԼ˵
Դ϶֮ҶоһεĸоΪǻ᲻϶ֱֲʶģʶǡǡе뷨
˦˦ͷҶȥͷ۵⣬Ϊô룬޷óһԼĴ𰸡
ܿԼȥ⣬ܿķꡣ

Ҷ̾һڴĬţԪת
ϣеıƣһʱ֮ȴִ˾ٲûзƼٷֺҲðġ
֮Ҷֻٶȱ÷˼ȥ뵽һܹԼĺ÷ӡ
뵽Ҷ췭´Ƭֽ̺ʣʶ飬ĸֱЩƵֽҳϡ
鱦ͨ
Ҷдµĸ֣鱦ͨѾѪٻ٣ҺҶдݶѾһŵ˽⣬ҩѧƪǼ̡
ļҲǵĿܣԳû֮ǰҶԼдһ鱦ͨ
һ󹤳̣ҲһҪĻ˼Ḷ́һܹЧҶ췳ƵĹ̡
˾ټֱһãһЧļеķƣΪһĲɶãȫϣҶ컹˼ȥġͨд鱦ͨҶԶЩ֮ǰֻǼԺеиһ̵ӡҩҲûѧҲգһ˽пڹؼʱ̶һ
뵽˴Ҷ۾Ŀʼͷд
һĳһϣôʱŵĸ֪üΪģ
ҶѾҹСľ϶ѻ˺һֽҶ첻ֻ֪ܷд
ʱţֱ峿һֵһʣҶڽй鱦ͨм


242 ͵
һϵķܱʼ飬˿Ҷھ۾Сľ̫ʱ䣬Ҷǻʹÿһ£ǵ촫
۰
Ҷһԯ;ƺ飬ǽڽΪƺٰʦ䣬ҶҪץʱϢһʱһ˲ŵġ
ƿӣһɽֱ룬ʹҶĶʱ˼֣ıȴֻǺʿ
峿ɽʮ£ֲïʢԿ̺ŵʪʪһָйϵ⣬˵ʮ
ɽһҶ˯ԳȥһȦϾãɽеһжܲϤ
÷ţҶ̽ǰС·һͬͨɽµģһͨʯģֻδ߹Դ˷Ǳ߶ȥ
ŲŶҶȴͻȻ֪Ŵ˵ضʵ֪϶ѧҶӣһҶģΪڸ·ʱһֱֹıԹһЩ顣
ѫҶԺеһֳıѫףΪز죬Ȼӣô϶±ųƺѧﲻٶȣԳѫ֮Ӧû˻ȻѫҲԲʲô¡
Ǹǻǻ㲻ȻѫôҶԾͲˣеģ˾һսѡ
ҶҲԳѪӵڶټʦԪں֮
Ȼ⣬Ҷǰ˳һҰݵУһȵģ
Ƕ˵ĽŲԽԽѾֹͣѧʹã˿һ·ת䴦ֻҪת䣬Ǿͻῴ׼Ҷ졣
ɣ
Ӧû
Ҷüͷ΢壬ΪѫȴЩϤ
ҶԺ֮ʱѾתǵ·Ҷǰ
㡭Ҷ΢оȣΪǰĲǱˣǵű
ԣűһ֮ǰӡУҶһݣǫǫº֮꣬ǰߵ˿˺ڣ˵ʲôǸ״ӼԼҲҪĺһʦơ
űû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻһҪܵı飬һҰݣֹıԼ
Ҷ˲ѫһʱЩ㵣Բʶ˵һ䡰㡱Ⲣı⣬ѾӦµҰֱվ𣬵űǰɫֵʦֽпգ
űֻЦҲ£±͵ܡ
˵䣬űȻΪĽִҶļ֮ϣͬʱ΢΢ͷϴеɫ
ȻҶǷһٶҲûִ̫ΪԱɿűͬ԰ҫǸֱ˵ҸǶ״ӣ
ҶΰЦ˿ûбΪĿС
űͬλᣬӸǺҶһС˸·֮ΪȣҶͷ΢΢˵ȻѧʵȴЩĩӦǸոտһʦ綨
뵽Ҷ첻˼Ʈ
ʱµУʦ綨˳֮ΪǿߣҶʼʱЩܹﵽʦ綨ǿ߱жĽֻһʵǵĸ߷塣
ʱתȻֻʱ䣬ھ¼֮ʦ綨ʶҶ˵ѾУУﲻʦѾԺĳ֮Ϊˡ
ΪҶڵʵȫ֮£֮ͬо޵֣
ǿ׶ʦҲһս֮
͵ܣűСĵкҶ졣
ҶԻع͵ܽеʵ̫磬絽Ļ¶šճ˵űӦóҶһʦܲŶԣ֮Ҫ͵ƣΪ˱ʾ˵˽ơ
ʵϣ˻̸κ˽
Ҷ첢֪űôʲôĿģǼ򵥵ôҲôʲô뷨ҶɾͲóˡ
λҶóſڣ̽롣
űһЦˬڣӸںɫЩѿ
ڣҶòˮ˳ű󣬺ӡ
⿴ľٶʵҶΪģΪҪűоԼȴ߿һۣĹϵȷֻһ֮Ե
ȻűϵɫأһȻЩԴҶΪ䵹趼ûгԵл֮þٶ
Ҷ״ԷЦһԴ׳ò˶ãűͻСžŵĶ¶
˿Ӳûж˲ãüͷ͵͵Ҷ졣һΪҶȻֻ֣ûбֳ
͵ܣ֪ΪֽΪζűȹˮʼ˵˿̸ҶĸоȴǸպһ̳ҾƣΪ˵ôһƮƮȻ֮ˡ
Ҷ΢ЦҡͷͬʱʾȲ衣
һűУʱЩɫҶӦòȥӣӦһưӵ̬ȣʾҶĽòΪҶΪ˺ƶѡ
ȻҶһٶǹΪҪľűľ仯
лˡûкȲ裬ֻȴ˸лҶҲҶ쵽׺˼ƫƫǸ״ӣԼֻǸոŵСʹһֲ޵
ԴʢʱͨʼΪԼѷɫκˣ֮ûдﵽǸ߶ȵԭ򣬾칫ʱѡ
뷨ĲʹǿʼʱȣǼͬǿԼܲǿԼͬһ־Ӹµ̬Լ
ҶûУĺƣϿκεķâܴд˾ܾӭ˵ڴѫ硭
͵ܰ
űҶƺЩ̫飬̲סһҪҶע⡣
ˣʦֽΪҶЧ֣⡣
űɫѿ˼֣Ҷôʷڱ֮䲢ʲô˽
͵ܡ
Ƿִ֮ΪͨġӴűĻΪô˿̣ѾűʵϺҶ첢޽飬֮ǰ˵ҲſڿӶѡ
Ŷԣȷе˵ҷġӲһ䣬жгζ
Ҷ״ǺһЦô˿ҲŪԭί
ʽΪƸӣ԰չأӦȡӷһףѧһ׳ľһ飬
ʵЩǰִ´ȡ״ӣִ±˷ţȵ˱λӡ
ӵűЩϸűҪ˻῿ˣˣС硣
ΪʵҶ˵ãֻǵ٣Ҷ쵹ҲԸƽϣһĻȴòƽϼƽˡ


243 
׻˵ĺã˲˲Ҷ̣űµǱ˽˶̣ǿҵʹҪҶΪͷӲԼڱе󣬵û뵽ȴʯͷԼĽţʵ䷴˿ͲǺܺõƻٶȻ¡
ӽģűͬһλѧգ֮ǰΪԹ־ű󡰽˵ִɴ˶Դ˷ᣬűԥҪⷢһ¡͵һ
ʹűôԭܰӣԽǰӵ˾Խܲ˱ɨӣڱĿľ£ű߳ŭȻһˤҶĲ
žꡭ
ڵأʱꡣһ̣űɫһ߳ŭŭļΪȻתڣŭĿҶ죬ǳֲͣ
Ҷ챻ǰиһ֮侹Ȼ֪˵ʲôǺá
һԵĳļ״ʧɫֻԭԼȻĹۿ˵ˣűˤ˸״ӼҵĲȴδõͽ䣬˵˵Ĺϵĺõˡ
Ͳܣ£ߣűߴٳĽһƷϣɷ˵ź߱ȥ
뿪ĹУűĿνǶᵽɤˣʵղˤȫܻµһʱ嶯֮٣ҺӦĹ죬øݼҶΣô˼϶ɹ
һգ۱ʧ֮УҶ޹վ˺һƵ£ǰδüȵĲˮϸϸƷһڡ
Ҷĸ㲻űΪλٶճ˵űҰҿűǸ飬ͺ˶ҩһ㣬ҶŻΪԼĲҶ⡣
Ʒ֮Ҷüͷ壬ˮȻﲻļ𣬵Ҳ㲻ѺȣдһͨӿǴ´ġ
ű󣡡ҶͷͽȻӿһŭνۣƱԼȣȻøˣĽ֣
Ҷ̣˿ֻ̲ǶűΪеߣоԼܵ衣
ĻȣҶʱû뵽쾹ȻȻɫһԭ򣬾ΪҶû
һ۵ƣָоʵڲ̫
뵽˴Ҷֱ׷̤ʩչÿԾٳڶʮɿĵط
ٶȱͨõѧֱ̫࣬ûöãҶ㿴ű˵Ӱ
˿̶ѾгԼʮ·̣űԲģûѧҸ·;вϻͷ̽д˺¡
ɻĿű˵ʲôҲ󲻵ű֮ǰľٶȻǴӵΪ
ʦ֣ɷ㡣ĸոɽţѧĲٿغ裬ʵҲƫ֮ͣѾԪת͵
űĿһۣߵ
ŭ뵽ű״ӵĲˤԼǱΪá
ʦ־һɣĸˡͣ½ŲĴؿھҵţʵΣգΪϢԹӦ˳̶ȵļУǿȥŪöԷˡ
Ҿ͵Ȳˡűװһмģ˿ҲΪƣۣںҶ׷Ҳǲòӡ
˿ҶѾ׷˰ɿ⣬˫ٶȵĶԱȣò˼ԾҶͿ׷ű
ɵľ벢Զűһ۱㷢Ѿ׷֮Ҷ졣ֻʱɫ䣬ŤͷܣٶȾȻֿ֡
ĲδͷûзҶ죬ڼű󾪻ʧ֮ɻĻعͷ
Ҷ졭ڳĻͷĹҶѾٶԾں֮䣬ʮɵľѾȻ
ô˿̣ҶΪʲôǸ״ӣȻ£˫ʵʵ̫ˡ
űٶѾܿ죬쵽޷ϵĵزҶֱ׷ȻܹѾгʮֱ׷ϣһֱ۵ʾ˶֮Ĳࡣ

ֻӹһ磬ҶӰѾӳߺХգ֮ٴγڶʮɿ⡣
࡭ЩʧСֹţеĻҶԼ֣⵲ܣԼǷֻᡭ
ڳʧʱƿ֮ȴٶ
ֻ̧Ҷ쾹ȻֻصԼǰ
֪űסҶüʵΪֹıǷѽ⡣
ͳ綨Ĵʡ
ʲôҶ챻ʵһҡҡͷǡ
ŶʦʣϣõҶ϶ĻشΪҪҶǿԼʵһܹԼĵɡ
ǡ㵽֪֪űסҶЩãͷϣ״̬ʱûı
ǿߴҫԼʵǾͶ֮ȴ¶ǿ֮
ҶȻ㲻ǿߣȴѾľˡ
΢΢ĲöɢóͷһʧĽ˲١
ҵõĵ˵ͷû˵
ֵܴǰҶ买˹֣һ˵
ľȻͷʶģ˼ıӦ
Ҷ״ͷЩ𣬸оԼе֮ӣǳԻ͵ղҼʦʲô
ҶתͣĵĽԷһЩԥʵֻǺ棬㵽ʲôʵ
ʦڡҶ첻ڣԻشĺܸɴ࣬Ȼﵽʦƺڿνţëʲôˡ
ĵķӦȴòԼʵɡ
ĵĻشܼ򵥣һ֣
һ״ӣʵȻֻʦѫȷʵЩ˵ȥ
ƺ¡
ޣôܸһСƨһŮȡҶаһԼûϢȻĿĳЦȷЩˣʲô
ĵķӦЦҶ죬ʹűϷŪŭܹҵõűסҶ첻Ҳ׷ϣΪűۼƲֱ·ԵȥˣҲҶҳĵԭ
ιҶ㶵̫ã̲סһ䡣
ʦıҶ컽ѣȷϵ
ҶֱʵڳЦʵ̫͡
ȴڳĿҶʦʵȻܹ˵زֱЩ˼顣
֪Ҷʹõʲôѧȴ֪ʹѧ·һôķԪ顣ֺķѶһʦ綨˵ֱݳޣֱͺʹƱƨһ
Ȼ˾ҵ£Ҷ첻ܹϣҾȻû˿֮һʦԣֱǲ֮¡
ǵʦ˼Ƭ̣Ǿ²ܡ
ʦʲôƭġҶƵش
Ҷشʱı鲻˵ѣļ״ŰɵֹʦҿôʦƵá


244 ű
ǰһƬéݣݳ˵űס
˭ѧҶŲ죬Ϊ̸ϵűҲͲصӰˡܵ˺ܲҶֻűסȴǡ
񼽨񼳤ϡĻشʱһ־ӵҶ죬·ʣѵ϶Ҫ򣿣
ƺڣĴ֮»೤ִ£ǵñΪϺִһ鵫ֹȷÿһִ¶ܱ񣬶רŸָѧˡ
ǵȨνΪÿһƸеĴӶǹƣһˣǾǸ״ӡ
״ӣһƺڵȺ塣Ȩ֣ǱֱڸĴڣִҲȨǽи档
ƺǧӣ״ȴֻȰˣǴݺᡢŻ磬ݺͻӰ죬ձҲưšĿ˵Ķ̬ԣǼȱĽͬʱҲΪڸ
ҲΪһ㣬ԳĲŻֹŹֵͷ
ʲô飬ѵΪһǵĳϲҶ첻ݸΪ˳Ǹ˼
ǺǡĸЦÿɷ
ֵܣ̫߿ˡҶЦĳĵļ򣬴ȻǾԼϾ£ټҶ챾Ͷзں˵ʱͱȽȻ
ԿҶһۣŤͷ𴦣ҶԲΪԼܹҶƽƽ
Ҷƺ̫ԼĻǳԱ˵ûǸ˼Уǳ϶֡
ǳϲĹȻţȻųֹһ䡣
ҶƬ֮Цǵжô
ס˳ģԹֻʡжˡж಻⣬ǵһ
Ҫ𡭡ѳζҲ벻ıУѧλ񼳤ϴüĿƽ˽⽲ѧĻɬ֮Ϊ㣬Ⱥ˽ﶼ֮ΪϱǱͷȴиˮ֮ƣˣҲȥͽ䣬֮Ǹһر۸ĸо
˵㣬ثֵĸо
ˣĲȥҳ鷳ģֲֺаԵˡҶ˵ӿŲΪղų۾һֱǰʮ·һéݶȥ
űסҶָǼéʵ
ĵͷȵĵ֪
пġ˿Ҷ뷨˴֮ǰʱէһǾİ
ʵҲδǴ֮ˣ˶һձǾǿԼʱϻ᲻Ĳһη壬ηʹ˵˼·ͻбʧ룬֮ܶ˶ԵЩɵɵġ
˵䣬Ѿűס֮ǰȻڵסһЩƾɵéݣű䣬ʵЩ˵ȥˡ
˵Ļ©꣬͸磬ǲǽ廹ͷĲ֮ûһõĵط
ûͷľǰĵϣ˵űߵĺܼȻϰԵҪţ֮ͷ֣Ҳδȥ
ȻҲܺ»͡
ҶȥľţľҡڲƶΪʲôҡݣΪľѾƾֻʣһ󣬷·Ҳ޷ܵڶοһ㡣
ڣҶĴĿռСԲɣһľֻ⼸ֻСˣӶûС
ôࣿҶŤͷģϣĿеõһ͡
Ĳֻ֪ҡͷʾԼö֪
⸱Ҷеŭʱ˲٣һ֮Ӧʲôӵ¶űе㰮Ľ֮Ҳûʲô̫ëԼһ·׷ԵЩˡ
ҶһᣬǾԲűˣת뿪ȴͻȻһסĿ⡣
˿éݵλãݶªܹϷļն
ûʲôϡģҶ̧ͷȥϷķɢЩ⡣
ҶϸһᣬлȻʣЦʵǵĳִǲǾű󣿡
ľȵͷ˵ûִǶűĽڼô֪
ǺǡҶһЦûнӻʵ֮أ
Ҷ֮ôʣΪűΪΪϸԯƶĥ־˼ģ԰ճӦлΪ״ӲŶԣΪϾ״ܶһЩҪûԣҪʵûʵĻɫ
˼ǣƬ̺ͻȻʲôһ㣬ˣ˵űִƼͼټΪ״ӣһˣ뿪֮¾Ͳ֮ˡ
ǺǣʦǲªСƬ̣ҶٶЦʡ
ҾͲ֪ˣǰɣҹıϾҲĵӣȻһЩ˿Щ£Ͼ֪ޡ
ҶûʣΪѾԶ϶űʲô
ͷľϵĽⲻÿҶҲܹ֪ʲôֻƳȳȵĽֻһֶܹǾǻƽ
ªҲػƽ˵ʲô
˵һжֻΪԻֺá
ȻĲûȷûݣҶȷһҷűľĻƽ
Ϊһ֮٣ΪӱҪڣ衣
ԯǺҲҶ춼ֵܷĶ۾
Ҷԯ˽⣬ûѡűΪ״ӣһпߵʱ˷Ըúñȥ
Ȼ仰ֻҶĴȣűʼûиԼľסԯһ˵ƵĻ
һȿݵλЩƵ˾Լסֵط
ܹűһΪ͵ֻһֿܣǾԯҲãҲգ֮Ƕű´ͷ
ɣȻҶ֣ʾһСľϡ
ԥƬ̺ԥΪҶദʵЩŤ
űйʲôڣҶҸ⿪ʼġ
ûʲôڣҸʱһָ˰̬˵Ҳ֮¾Ͷ䣬ͺ˵ʲô״ҲҪӣʲôȻнˡĽһ顣
Ҷ󲻽ݸ˵棬ôԼҲ²˸ʮ֮˾š
ˣ㶫Ϊ·ıꡣҶʱ⣬Цϣ̽ݶľһץԪ֮С
㡣Ҷ콫ԪĿĳС
⡭ľȵĲҶ쾹˴󷽣ΪǮԲġ


245 ɽ
Ҷĵȴһʱ˽űˣһһ֡
˽־һҲǸ״ӡĴյҶСѡ
ҶԵͷǽ־״´һ˳ľᣬĿήͼһ˶ĺ룬ϻİë
ԣȻ仰ԣҲȷһĵ۾ƭˣ־Ѿ˵ƷֻҶǣ֪ΪλΪ״ӡ
ȻȥɣԺʲôҪæĻҡҶӺ־ջĿ⣬ĳļ˵
ҶһƬ̹ϸϲɫȻǽԪУҶ󷽲ȥ
űųǸϲģֻؿڶҪըĿڳǰŪһ¹ϵû뵽ȻΪ˼¡Ҷ컹»ͷ˼ҲԣǾǳҶ커ţ˭Ҳ붯
̫ű޺ҧСֹ
ҶȻȴֻٶȽĿתƵ־ϡ
ʵҶ첢ûôԵղŵĻҲֻ˵űѣΪҶ쿴óűһرСˣʩһЩѹôպһȥҳĵ鷳
ܰͷ־˵ˣҶͬʱҲڴҶ죬ĲҶòȵȣڿ֣мʤ㡣
־ʦ֡Ҷû־ƣ෴ģȻ֣ȫ
Ҷϰߣһ޵ֱӷùԷ֪ˣôҲˡҶ˶״ӣĶһҪʦԯΪѡ
־ȴô룬Ҷէ֪ƸƣƸʮλ״ӣг˴ʦѫСʦܾƺռݺ;Ե֮⣬˶ǻ࿴߶Է˴֮伸ǸΪӪһĻ
Ϊÿ˶Ϊѫƺ֮ĵܵԯƫ״ӣ仰˵ǾȻҲ״ӣȴͽھƸ״ֻˣһѫһǾƺ
ȻҶĳǸܵΣͼʣﰵ˲¼ʱ䣬ҶȴѴ֮֮ϣʹ˺⣬ֺ⵼ɢɳ¾£һڰγһҶͬˡ
ңܵΣͼʵԶԶֹǣΪٳͬˡˣȻǾƸϯӡѫ
޼ɵҶҶ־ֻǲмЦȴҶȫԭΪ˶ѡ
ʦ֣˵ûô۸˵ģⶼ۸ˣűһ˵ĸһ
Ҷ죬ΪΪ״ӾͿԺΪҸ㣬Һ־Ӧ־ǿᣬһȻɫ
Ҷ״ݸһһͣݵĵҲ棬ֻڶûһõɷĻô
£ʤΪ߿ôȻ־˳ͷһǾӦðлҲ˵Ҷֱӿ
־ʦ֣ĻĪҪƻˡ仰Ȼ͵˼Ҷõȴǳ֮ǡû֪
־ɫʱѿ֣Ȼ״ӣʵȴͬ񼳤֮ϰգô᲻֪űǸʲôĻɫȻ֪ҪΪͷΪʲôԭܼ򵥣ҪᣬһҶĻᡣ
ɱһСҲҪҶŤǶҶļ޳̶ȡ
űǵǸϴ¶ҾͲƽˡҶԺ־ֳһģֱűԻ
űԿ־ͼ־ᡣʵҶҪǶģΪҶҲҪŹԼһ٣ŻӴԮֻǵǸ˼򵥵Ľ϶ҪȵҶ
־ĿıͲΪűڼҪ͵ŭգ֮һƿҶԼֱӺűԻҲʹú־ͷãΪһֱҶӰĸо
ű󱻺־ǳһȴϲΪȻת䣬ô˿̣ⳡѾݻΪ־Ҷλ״֮ĶԻˡ
ģһһű߱ˣ˵ſ֮ɫȻ¶һϲɫһ·񱼣ܿıʧӰ
Ҷͺ־˭ûʵڵҲȷʵű룬ȻҶ첢ͺ־ʲôͻ־ɲôģ뷨Ҷǡǡ෴ҪҶѿҪҶӣ
Ҷ죬ѹͨӣҽҪΪʦųͽ㣡־Դǵı̬ȣǾǽ˶ˡ
־ŵɣȻֻһϵ״ӣĿǾƸϯӡ
ԯΪҶ״ͼһ𣬰ѫڵЩ˾˾ƸպڲõĽѫҲ޷һҶ󣬶Ҷ;ƺǿλҪδѣѹƲסôҪѹƾ͸ϼˡ
ȻⳡϷֵսУе״ӣѡվѫǱߡ
־ʦ֣ѵҪҶҲѾֲͣڱ˵ıȣһܹܣٶԶϳ֡
ٷϻ־ķӦȻҶ컹ҪͣΪҶ첻ϵѾʹһִһҶ˵Ĵ
ǺǡҶЦΪѾ׼ˡĹ۵һ֣ôͲ顣
ҶЦ־ЦмĵҶһۣȥҶȻηĸϣ־˼ףһû˵ĵط
˳ݣ־ǰ·һ·УĿĵظǰʮ￪Ƭ֡
һ·޻˭ҲûпŪΪɵӣһĹȻ棬˭ˣҲԻӰԲֵʱ̣ǲ¶κʵԷοġ
֪أĵʮټһ·ҲûмһЩϤ½ӣײ֪ȥˡ
ھֻʱ˸ı䣬ΪһƮȻߣߵһϣɺϵǣǸű־˵λ񼳤ϡ
־ʲô񼳤ɻʵ
־ƺЩ񣬿һֻۣǲ͵ĵû£ɢѡ
ɢʲôѵҪΪƺаʦ䣿񼳤ϳѣͬʱĿҶ졣
û߶ˣæء־񼳤Ϻܲ𾴣Ϊ˵ĵλںߡ
Ҷ״һŭͽȻӿȻ־״ӣϾϰǰλߣκҲúԼʵϵʦ˵֮ˣҶܲһ
ŭӿҶӺ־ǳһΪʦΪ־ǲеĹˣ


246 
˵˵񼳤ϼҶ챩ŭǸϽǰȰ˵
Ҷʾ񼳤ϲҪ˵Ȼź־ŭĿӣ۹пԿ¾Ǻ־ҪգҶҲٸᡣ
־ҶͻȻıŭһ£ӦƬ֮󣬳ʦصȻ
ѽ־˵
־һƿҪǰȰο񼳤ϣﻹǾֹѾһӱֵļޡ
񼳤ϱƿ֮ٶǰûȻп
񼳤ϣءҶ쳹׿ȥˣ׻˵Ʊۣ׻˵֮˱пɺ֮񼳤ΪƸϣȻ˵ĲϧݣƾһСԼǳŭ˵ƣ˵ءԷƱ
񼳤һһ˿ɫͬʱ̾һεҡҡͷ
Ҷ۶ӣͬһԼԼˡΪͬҶȴֲܳӲֻóѣ񼳤ϣҲ֪㵽ʲôΪ֮ŲΪԼ㻹ΣҪԵݱþƸϣһȴһڣ˵ȥǾƸˣ
Ҷɫô̼񼳤ϵѣûԸⱻ裬֮Ҫܣԭ
һų£һ񼳤ϵϲܹһΪƺĹƶȣΪϵḺ́ضҪ׵ĻۺѧıƴϸλҪĹ׵ǶҶ첻ö֪ʹгϵòҪﵽĿĹ׵㣬ҲҪʮꡣʮһյļֻȡ׵㣬˵һ˵ѧıƴ͸ö˵ˣʵ֤÷һʵкĵ˻ǸСȻᡣ
ĳѹƱԵĶֶΣҲܵʲô̼֮һˣԲһСԼ
ҶǾƸˡ񼳤⼸ֵʱһһſüƺ˲˼֡
Ҷ죬񶾣־ָҶ죬һֻ߰Ƕ̬Ȳ˵㣬û뵽㾹Ȼ˼ҵ˰̣Сˣ
ʵҶղ˵Ƿ֮ҲЩڣһʱûж룬ڻ˼Ҳȷ־˵һй˵˵ҶղŵΪڲ̵ĽҿǻѾ˰̡
񼳤ϣֻǡҶǸԵˣʶԼĴ֮
ˣ˵û񼳤˰֣üЩǰɫ֮ͬʱظĺȴҲʧ١
񼳤ϣĲǡҶ컹ͣ񼳤ѾͷҲصȥˣǵ͵ıӰлСͷȥ
İʦ䡣
ϵСͷ߲ڴ˻Ѿκ
ͬʱջĿ⣬֮ٶӡԾǺ־УҶϡ
Լһյʱ򣬶ڳƬ֮С
ӰɿĴڸʴ׳Ĺľ֮䣬ʱзޱߣľּ㴫һ޳
ٶȺܿ죬ûöʱѾֵͷȥΨľãã
Ҷ죬˵Щ͡־ͣת
һֳ׽ŪĿҲڵı¶Ҷĵ⣬򼵶ʶĺޣ˿ͬˮóһ˲䣬ѽɱ㡣
Ҷ컷ܣҺͺ󷽶֣ǰҲǺ־ɿ⣬ȴһĺǺˮ淺̣ˮɵˮƯϡ
ƾ㣿Ҷ쿴գеóۣ־Ŀı֮ǰҪ񶾵Ķ࣬ɱҲǲ޿ܡ
ƾпܲУΪһô־Ц
žžž
صд˿Ҷȴ̶ִĸо
Ƭ֮ҶܵͻȻϢϢԼʵ˵ǻ⽫ʵչ¶һһң˴
ʦʦڡҶкŶ˵ʵͬʱӺ־ΪԷ˫ѾȻ֮С
ǺǣĻǣҲǡҶЦһ־ʵûܹ壬϶߲ȥΪǸߵһܹŰɱҶķϣҲûҪҰ֡
û취˭ĵһͷâ¶أ־Ҷ켸ۣˣҪ֣͹ԯ϶ɣСѳƺ㣬Ҳôע⵽㡣
ԯ϶
Ȼ־֮ǰ񼳤ϵѾֳһʦصˣҶû뵽Ȼԯ綼
Ҷ죬Ҳ״ӣѾΪ״ˣҼûеõ״ͼйΪӦ˵Ҹòú־ƺҶе뷨һеĲ
ôΪҶԼΪҪԯ磬ҪΪԼеĲкͬһԼ΢İɡ
Ǻǣô˵ܹƭԼҶ첻мЦ־һɵϣӦ֪ԼΪʲôԯأԭľ⣬ԯǿ״֮Ǳ޲ǰѣûе뵽ǣԯȴʵ䷴־ûΪŬĸĵıֶΡ
㲻˷ѿˣʲôѵΪü仰ҷһΪѵסʱͻ㣿־ЦſΪѾﲻɡ
ôѵɱңҶûоȺͿ־壬ΪֻҪȽһȷϣᶯ²ȥ֡
ѵӦ𣿡˿˵ӰѾܹߵУ־ΪѶɫתΪϷʡ
ѫָʹôɵģҶʣֻǺ־ȫûΪǳڼʣҲǷ̰ݺðŷɱҶ졣ΪɱҶ죬Ҳòκκôķ˵һ飬Ǳָʹ³֮õĳַıꡣ
ҶƺڣһǰƸİѩûҲûͨ־ˣĻҲô򵥵ľͼβˡ
ʵҲòųĿֱӱһ˵ϣǾҶ컹ûƺھѾйϸѫ
Ҳ㹻ĶΪԯϾˣһȥ֮󣬽ξƸıȻ״֮һƺԸӣ˵߱ƹƸǱʡҶɾͲͬˣѫܹҶϿжȴʧѪƵƽϣдȰкԸ񣬵ȷ¡
ǣλǷԲĶĴڰʱҪڿʱҪƺھƸ


247 
ź־ЦӰѾڷֱҶҡ
Ҷ첢ûпȥǣΪڸղŵĸ֪УҶѾҪ֪˽ֻ۽򵥵ɨ˶˼ۡ
˺ͺ־ͬȻԶ϶ǾƺƸ󱾸ˣȴδƸΣһ£ҿڱҲúڲסһ̿͵ģ
Ҷ״ЦʲôͽãȻܹҶϲǵݣͬʱҲ֤ǵݡ
ҲˣΪҲ˵жıҶжûʮգҲûҪס档
֮ס棬ΪǺһʧ֮еҶָϡ
Ҫ˵ûаյҲ̫ȷУΪ־ɵϣȻϧΪǾ˵֮ǰѾ˱ȽܵļƻɹļӦúܸߣ־ɳ³ç֮¡
Ҷ죬¹ֲңҪ־ֻܹͷ̫ʢˡ־Ŀڣͬʱٴδ¶˫ּѾλεذס
ƾ»ûɱҵĵʹѫɣҶעź־˿ľͻҡ
Ǻǣء־Цǰ
Ҳ̫дˣߣƾסôҶ콫һɨӣٶں־ϣ΢ӵĹâת
һ£ȵſɾԴˣ־˵һֵʱͽȻ֣ذ˸źҶ첱ն
Ҷͫ΢־ҲǸѣרȡء
ǺǣãҶЦһȴǺ־ȻһԼأôԼҲȥ˼ʲôֻºкǡ
ͷڵʯתģذ׵ĺֱһֱֱҶ
Ҷһ־ƣԲδѡܣĶԪȻֳǰסҪ
ɫİͼҫۣҶǰ߳ͼĴһС˿ϵķζ
־״첻ѣȻ˵һЩҶ飬û뵽˾Ȼ˾ķѧ
˵ʱʱ죬ں־ȵ˲䣬дذѾȻ˰Ԫܡ
š͡һ죬־еذͬʱбĨûƻԪֺܷȻҲδȫĿǰǾԲܹưԪܵķġ
־ȻƷ㶼ѣ¹ϵԸ˿ȴšһδУڶι̷ȻҶܹпǿҵľȣⲢûжĳٶȺ˿Ӱ졣
ڶ־ֻ࣬ڿղŰԪܷ֮ͬʱذռӣɫбѼ
־֮е£ǵжͿԿΪں־ȳ֮ԭҶҵҲڽԥһ֣֮֮֮ͽֹȡҶߡҲ֮ʹһذףذԳһѹεն֮ʣҶȡ
Ƕ˷ֹȷʱҲΪǡԶ׼ǣǲûбֱȡҶ뷨˵һʵսʵս飬Ϊǿں־ҶղһеĶԻ֮гԼҶ֮Ĳ࣬ͬʱ˲ƶһĽ·
־ΪλΪȷʵΪĽѡ
ȻʵߣǴȷʵҶһ鷳ǰҶ컹Ϊ˵ʵӣô˿̣ȴֻܰԽпˡ
Ҷľ֮УйܶʤǿӣҪԭ޷ץס˶Էеɳǣû뵽޴ĴȻԼϡ
˶ڹʱѡǵλ˿Ҷոսº־һճ˵ȫܿ˵Ҽйôͻ֮ĺ־Կɳ֮
־ɫһ˿ЦҺǷ׷һ
Կ˺־֮⣬˲Ҷʹɱ֣Ҳμμ߷յĻ֪ʲôԭˣȻǾõĽȻͽҶնɱĻǺҲΪˣڼҶ²Żɺ
״ҶǷһ˿мЦò˵ǵƺǾȷҶڰʱ˶̾ǣҶȴһ㲻ǵƵУҲ˵޷Ƶĵط
Ǿʵ
ǵιȻ޷죬ҲҲҶΪ綨һʦ޷ĽֹƣҾҲô˺ҲԻﵽһܹӰжĵز
֮һ仰ֳ֮ҶȻ˲·硣
־Ķʦڣλ˷ֱǶʦںʦڣݶһʦڣʧܵĵ
ǣǵ͹ҶµʵһӵڶҡѪҶѧżˣ֮ͬУһʮҲδؾ£
ˣ־߶ƿ˻˻졣ȵƣɢֱסҶܶܳķλ
СҶ첻мЦ־ҪλⴿǶһ٣ΪûҪ㡣

һХҶ˫Ȼ³ͬʱһ죬ӳİͼȻ֣Χתݣ֮¡
ѾǰһĻȻ󾪣û뵽һԼΪ綨޼꾹Ȼķѧ
־֮£ǱܵҪ֣ѳɣ̸ףֻаһᣬȫԭĴеס
飡
Уλ˵ĹͬʱڰԪ֮ϣ;ǿȫһҲȷ
ҵĲεľͽȻɢΧ֮˲ʱһ쫷磬쫷֮ϸСЩľֱӶۡ
ǿ͵Ĺ֮£Ҷɫ΢΢ӿ𳱺죬ղЩдʼʱֻǵԪ԰Ԫܽд֣߳ǵܵ˵ͽȻֻ֮ڵʯ֮עԪܸ
õǿİԪȻǣסǶ˵Ĺڻ£ڴ˾ҶִٶΪԲûʩչ־ƾĳ̶ȣ⣬ǵĸһ󼤵Щܵˡ
󣬺˵ɶأԪܳ˲֮ˣע룬ԭӲӵİͼҲתΪ֮ɫ
飡
죬־߷ЩоڰԪ֮ϣŰͼٶȷҵ֮ɢΣͼԾû˿ı
ô˿̣־ͷͽȻӿһ⡣ļл֮£ҶûпκɵֶΣҲû˿ƣȻƾǿʵӲҲˣķѧûƳ
ķú־ĵһ


248 
ڴ֮ǰһֱΪҶǰ϶飬ֻҪ֪ɣڣףΪλһֻʦأΪλӭܾܹ˴֮
ȷʵһͨˣҲȷصʱ
һ̣־в˶Լɡ
ѡѫǶԵ𡭡
־ҡҡͷеת˲ʧһϵˣȻѾҪߵ·ôҲһҪꡣ
ȻʹҲҪͷҲû˻ᡣ
ΨһڵĲѡӪǶҶӡ
ʵǵļƻˣεͻȻжšԭļƻǵĲӦȶҶƣӶʹҶ췢ŭ֣ȻװУͬʱȻҶƣҶʢŭ֮ӦһЩΪʱѫٹϳ֣Ҷ졣
նԯӦʲô̫ص𷣡ΪҶ조кͬšǰһҶ֤
ԭļƻǣűĳȴ֮ơ־ΪһᣬҶԸһʦҲòô£Ϊ˱ȻԷĹ׵Ϊ꣬ȰͬУһһʧ
·д̣ѫŵҪһǧö׵ΪµĳͣԵڳƽֶԣļƻܹƯĽҶ죬ôһǧ׵ȫԱԼ뻳Уȥֳ֧ͣҲʣٵ㡣
ͻȻٹ׵ζʲôζżԭ棬ԶһһؽһƷѧ
Ȼ֮ǰϻһľ轣ֵһᣬֻԼ轣ĶһɹҲֻǴҹͬϰѣһô˶ҲԵòϡ
ǣȴĴƣҶ첢ʵѾԶԶ־
ڴ˿̣־ֻںһͷǼûѫĽ嶯֡
ѫȺ֮˵֮Ҷ֣ڣ򲻿óȻ¡
ʱҶΪѫ񾭽ţָоԺ־ЩƲѫΪһõľƸϯӣһͳ綨ǿߣȻʦŵ
죬Ҷѫ˼ɵԭһʦȻͬʱԼʵĶֵĺһ˺ȻʵѹƣڲõĽѫĵλȷܵв
ں־鵱УҶ˫۱һƽˣһʵķͽȻ졣
ǰλûܻưԪܵķԱԼľ޴أȻûܵʲô˺ȴɿƵȥ
Ҷû˿ĳɣԺеתķֵȺ˳
Ⱥ־ھ㵵УһƵеĿܣ˱ϾĶʦлᣬʲ̫
λˣ˿ǵ嶼һֲԿصУҵɵٶȲǺܿ죬Ҷȫʩչ̤׷κһˡ
ˣҶ챩Ȼн˸ֱȡҲ൹ɵˡ
֮ҪѡΪʵҪ߳һЩȻ⣬ȻҪʵ֡
̤ԪĴ֮߳磬ֻգۼ׷Ǻ˵࣬ҶƳЯױ֮˵ؿں
Ǻ˴ʧɫϾǵ֮Ҳ벻ƺš
ֻΣ֮ȻĴɶۣȻƳȥ
Ҷ״ЦһȷʵЩʵΣʱ侪ңѡҲǼΪȷľһԶҶһ谭ýתԶҶһ
ȻƺڣϾֻһͨӡȻΣң˾ܶҶķôҶҲûȥǸ״ӵͼˡ
ߣ
Ҷһнɢͬʱһĥ̴СԪлȻ֣һɾ޴ͽȻ֮ڵɳʯߣ֮ǰ
֮ͬʱҶƵɣμתٴǺ׷ȥ
ȻһжǷڵʯ֮䣬˴˿ѾܹǿĿΣû뵽ǣ˫ŸոսӴ棬䱳ȴͻȻһĪٶȵվȣξͬпҶ㲻ɿܵƮȥ
˺Ȼͷһ֮²ðΪһ޴о֮ͬһ㣬ϵɲҽһС
ңǻĸߺȣô˿̣Ҳ޷侪ңΪľֻʣһ֮ˡ
־ۼ˽Ҫ伱ȴ޿κΣΪѧֻƺͨõĳѧ̤ܺףȻҲ޷˲䵽Բ־˵ĵز
ֶҲıСүүң
ں˼һ̣ҶЦͻȻ޴ͽȻɢ˵ڵء
ȻɱҶ죬ҶȴɱΪϾҲƺڵӣ֮һλҲвɡ
Ҷ켰ʱסΪһУѾܹɹĽԪͬʱԷת״̬ע뵽еУˣֲͬ˺£καеﶼᱻƬ
ԣڵѾֻһļѧ෴ģѾΪһܹ͵ؽһƷѧ⵱Ȼֵ߳ǰ¡
ˤڵ֮û̴ӾлȻܹڶԵеʱ̲Ųңȴ޷ڹŹ߹һ֮󻹰Ȼ糣
ĸӣҶԻ˴£ĺ־һӶֻǰĺˣʵ
˿̺Ѿڶݵʧ֮࣬ûдﵽһĳ̶ȣҶʻ֮Ƭ̵Ĵ͡
ѡ˵Ҷ첢ûȥĴǼ٣нٶȻš
ٶܵвǺ˲ǿ־ĿҶһۣԥȫ˳
ʦͬķݶһء
Ҷнⲻ𣬵ȴתԺ˱ΪԺ־Ա˵ʮΣգҲʾһ˵Ρ
˼״ж֣ͨһڵأԴǵĵлʦܲɱ֮ҶǱ˹ƻΪ£ԸΪʦָøͰͽ
ã߰ɣ¾͵ûҶûлͷԯ֪˼ҪĲѡ
һȴû˵ʲôֻߵҶǰ˺סĺڲɫ
Ҷ˼ҪҶסպ˿УҶʱȡ
Ҷ˵ͷĿתغ־ϡ˹ȣתȥ
־ʶȤ¿ͷ٣ҲԿǷһҶԵЦں־׼ƵɫӶ


249 
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־ŭô˿Ѿ˫ʵ࣬ȻΪ綨ϸҶһΣۺʵȴҪҶ˦ԶԶһΡ
Ϊۺʵѧգڳеѡ񣬶ĵƣЩΪ綨֮ȴܹʤĴڡ
ȻҶۺʵԶԶֹڴˣǿĻǿĵڶҺĪҶԼĪϸĳѪ
ƨ
־һ䣬ΪǰǾŭҶȻѡӶֻһֲмԼĿ⣬ͺ־е
ҪѡƲôҶЦʡ
ţ㵱Һ־ǳصģ־ɫ仰ҲֻΪԼѡ
Ȼֻ˵ΪѾѡΪͷβû˿ݣܺôɹҶƺҲŹһͼı״ӵĶͽƺڷһ·µıѫΪȫԼҲԻɱڡ
㲻ǳصģǳġҶЦ
Ҷ赭д̬ȣ־ĲɿƵĲһǿҵıĸо֮ͬʱһĴܸҲ֮ΪȷҶûа취
˵һ飬Ը֣ҿԿ㲻
Ǿ仰Ȼ־ֻΪ״ӣϾԯйݾߵĴҲƷΣܹԯ͵ĵطпµĹпǱģܻ֮ڵġ
仰˵Ҷ첻ɱΪԯǸ֮ˣͬʱҲǸǵˣֱܹ־֮ڷֱ֮ռ״ӵһϯ˵ʲô˵ԯ绹ûзԺ־ϣ
ȻˣҶ׵Ľãϣɱ
Ҷٶȿú־ԥУ˭ҲԸ֪ɽлƫɽУ֪Ҫ
ǣҶǷĻˡ
Ǻ־˿еԥ֮ڣɱҶ죬ҶƾʲôҪһ
ǲҶҪѴ֮ƷԼȦף
ѡҶ죬ڻȥ֮Ҷһԯҷ
˵ȥҷôôһѱУպҪˣ
ҲɣҶչֳʵڲõĽδؾͲѫ֮ϡ
־ԺкҵţǸӦҶ죬Ǳʶȴһ
ɡĹ
Ȼ뷨ֻǳں־ϣߵĺ˾ȻҲƵĸоȺ־ҪһЩעҶ죬ҲûԥΪҶ첢ûгŵһ
ڱʱ̷£ȻҶûз˼ǺҲֻʣƴһ·ˡ
˿һֺηֱҶ죬ҪĸоҲΪζӶ
Ҷ˫ƽɫҲӳһƬɫ˫ƺһСڷζһ֮Ȼɢ
ưԵ鲻Խĸоѹ֡Ҫԡ
˲֪ҶζҶҲûиܵԼȻ¶࣬Ⲣ⣬ǳܵĪв
Ҷ˿üͷ΢Ͻһ˿أܵΧһǿԼϢ˵Ϊ綨Ҫͳ֮ϡ
֮жϣΪҶ޷Էĵϸ
ѵѫˣҶĵһ뷨Ҳһ뷨ֳࡣ
ΪѫˣôһһĴսǻĹޣڸܵвʱɢص֮ˣҶȻѪ壬ȻȫĽƼ̳УȻϮ
ԴӻóѪ壬һʱҶ쾪ȵķ֣Լܹɵƿͱ˵ƣҶ޷ֻǵԪ߷ÿÿض貣гѪ֮
оǳ࣬ȻһҶ࣬Ȼддıǿ޵ʱǿȻʵˣҶͻܵвÿʱ٣ҶоԼ·ܵһֳ嵴ȻЩޱԵľɫֱߣֹסХ
µЩƣΪҶܹܵвԼǿڣԳԶ
ֵǣһ֣ǹصϢȴͻȻ٣ƾҶθ֪ȴҲ޷׽ֺ
ηˣزʧ䣬һϢʧҶ컷ܣȵ
ּżţɽ紵żĳУκλӦ
ѫ֪㣡Ҷٶȿʵ벻˭װŪ
ʦ֣־ɫϲΪҶڷ񾭣ټҶǸɫѫҲ޿ܡ
ʹú־ͷѫôɱɱȫ
ʦ֣ѾҶȻǰôͽɱйͷ֮ޣ־Сˣʱ̾ȻĻơ
ҶûȥֻǽĻܣǵϢʧ֮ȴҲûгֹ
ʦ֣˵־ƬͬûеȵѫĻӦʹͷ·ҡ
ΪղŵĻѾ൱ԶϺ·˲ѫμҪҶҲδܹõˡˡ
־ʦ֣ǿ»ÿԼ˵ҲǴ䣬Ⱥ־ܽʵһЩȴ޹ʶҪƴһز
־һλᣬ㻹Ǿͱˡ֮̽ҶҲڷ̽飬ȻԷأôҶҲûҪ˷ʱ;»Ƚ˺־;
ҹƾʲôҹ־ͻȻʧķһĴЦվԵĺһ
־ʦ֡ɻĿ־
Ҳϻֻ·һҶѾͲͣ׺־ΪλͻȻˣһȻ񶾵ȴǿ߲֮мһ˵ͺ˵Ҷֵʸ񶼲䡣
һ
־ɫӣһǿװĲм

־ɲм˱ʣѾʼлҼС
ֻδڣ־ȻȫºͺȡĽſʼŲʱѾˡ

ҶġƽģΪڡһʱѾٶԺ־飬׻˵ĺã²ҶѾ˺־λᣬûһȷѡ
ֻҶжԯĽѣѾ˺־㹻Ļᣬһ֮ʱ䣬Щûкúðա
šֳڣҶȻͬƾף͵ֱƿУһתɫİͼȻ


250 
ԱӡҶǿɱУһʱѾܹԪѪֽȻͬ뵽Աӡ֮Сô˿̣ԭǵؽһƷѧ̶ȵľƣԿԴﵽͻƵؽƷĵز
ǰİͼ貣ȻֻǺ޾ƵСͱӡҲؽһƷѧ
ķУҶ˺ѿǰˣȻСȴըİͼƺҪѶǰĵ˺ɱ
ţţͷ־Ǳʶսʤģǰʲô
ҶγЩ͵Ȼ֮ǰѾҪնɱ־Էĵͼ֮󣬲ٴ뵽ԯĸܡ
ԼƸ󲻹ʱ䣬Ǻϯӷ壬նɱ״ӣȻһжкĽͣҲȷЩͷ̫ⲻԯΪѡ
Ҷ첢һѶ֮ˣ־ԼĵӣôԥƾкͬһУ촦
ǣԯĵӣԼʦֵܡ
뵽ҶٶȿʼеİԱӡ˸֮󻺻ɢȥ
״־ͺ˾ԳһڴȻղһδؾ޷кáˣԴӸղǹ⻪˸İͼϿһЩߣҶʵԶǶ˿ɱȣ֣Ҳȡʤϣ
ȡ¡Ҷź˵
˸ղſ֮ǰǸ˵ľٶժǻ˼Ǽæ֣ĿʾҶ졣
Ҷɨ˼ۣ˵ͷ
ллʦܲɱֵ֮лȥ
ԶҶŽĿƶ־ϣ˵ʵĻʹǲѫ
־ͷϲûѫκεеֻǲ
Ҷ򵥴Ӧһ䣬Ҳûκεɫ仯Ϊֿܵļʸߴٷ֮ʮţ֮Ҫȷһ䣬ΪĲǰٷ֮һĲȷˡ
㲻Ҫָʦְɡ־Ҷ˼ǣ̽Եʵ
ôǣ㲻ôҶ
Ҷش𣬺־ɫ䣬Ϊ֮һ
ѫǾƸϯӣɽָʹº־ΪкҶһôԾ飬ֻҪ޷죬㺦ˣûʲô˵ġ
µ֤뷨ж޴ǣȴܳΪɡԲٺѫۣͬԲ津ѫϡΪѫϾѫǾƸϯӣڽΪƸ⼸һ϶¶
ȻҶĳ̫ĲȷԣҪѫĵλҶ»ûʵڲС
ԣ־ôѫԣҶǸΪصİͽѫǸұ֣οһССֻϵ״ˡ
⡭־£ҪܾҶȴЩңΪָ֤ѫҲպ¶߬ҶУʲô̸Ժ󡭡
ҶͷĿһֲмʵҶûָ֤˼ҲûЩ⵹ѫ֮ġԶ󱧸ղôʣֻȷһº־ǷĻڸĶѡ
ڽˣ־ԥ˵볹׺ѫѹϵΪǱʶʼΪѫǾƸһˣΪƸ
ԥֻһյʱ䡣Ҷ뿴ѫѾﵽһʲôĳ̶ȣǰǷԺ
һյ֮ء־ųʵ
ɱҶƽһħĸоƺɱһ¶Ҷ˵һ˿᷺
ɱƲҶװģµȻ࣬ȴѾһɱԸֻҪ˸ɱüͷһ¡
ɱ¶Ұ
ԭּ仹Щ֪ĳУɱ֮£˲ž˷紵ҶΨһƬš
־ͻȻоһ֮ǰδܹĺ£̧ͷҶ죬ǰԵӰ˿̾ȻɢһϢѹ·Զŵħ񣬿ѪѪȵɱ¾
ô˿̣־ͻȻҶĿ£ӵеĲֻʵɱνǡ
ɱˣںʲôݣұ˵ֻһϵ״ӣϯΣ
ߣ⣡
ʱ쵽ˣÿ񡣡ҶɨЩ͵ĺ־͡
ҡں־˵ȷʵѾֽȻͬ£һǸٹ̵һڸղŵһ˲衣
־ȻԥûгҶԤϣҲûмߴ٣ΪߴãԥֻΪѹûﵽ㣬һʱһȻѡ
һƬĬ־Ķͷϸĺ飬֪
ʱҶüͷȴͽȻΪ֮ǰǹϢȻٶȳ֡
־ƺҲУɫӵŤͷĹ
һֿȴ־ɫĿԴڶǵϢ˵ļУΪҶԵһյʱϾ͵Ϣƫƫʱٶȳ֣¾Բɺϡ˼ȥпܾģɾѫ
ͬᣬΪȻɢϢҶ죬ȴûгֵ˼ѫͼпҲ뿴Լľ
ϢԶ־޷ȷѡҶ֮󣬺߱ѫܷʱȡ
ͬΪϢԶ޷ȷǷѫ˲ѫôҶֻ·һѫҲ൱ж˷Ҷ֮·
ҶĿɨּԶΪ֦ҶïԵʲڵסеչ⣬˶ԵЩ裬Ƭ֮УƺЩһӰվ
һкηͷ¶β磿Ҷơ
־Ͻ˳ҶĿȥҶϣֳΪľü򵥺ܶࡣ
ҶƲûκã෴ģеӰƺ΢΢һ֮󳹵
Ҷüͷ΢壬пܲѫûҪزأֱӳֻɱԼֱ˵
־ʦ֣ȻǾͶԲסˣҶ컺־ͬʱзɫ׹⡣
־״ʧɫƵƵͷ˷ȥ˿Ѿûж˼Ϊͽ͵ģ˳һ㲻ʮ塣
Ϊ˼ٲҪ鷳Ҷ컹ͻȻֵס˺־Ѩ
Ѩ⣬־öֻҶᴥͷҶĿĿԶ΢΢һɾ޴˲ʱ־ԺָоͺͷҪ忪ج֮к־һҵĳ
ĿջأΪԶûлӦ־͸ɱҲϵ
뵽˴Ҷ컺̧ƣҪʲôԣǾǣһ£
־һ֮Ľ֣
ܼ򵥣ͷըѣɢ
ţ
֮ڿڣЩϵĴơ


251 
Ҷ΢΢üΪڲ֮ǰ
Ҷʦֶ˴ˡӰ߳ƮȻ̬ơ
񼳤ϡ־ĿȻû뵽ͷΪĵľȻԼûعˡ
񼳤Ͽ־΢Цŵ˵ͷתҶ죬֪Ҷʦֶܷһӣ
ҪɱңһִҪȡҲԸһ棿ҶɻĿ񼳤ϣȻں߿֮ҶѾԷź־һǷѽ񼳤ϵ﾿Щʲôؾøһ㣬˴ȱ
ʦǲҵģҰ־Ҷ컹ɿڣɫʱѨ⣬ֻܱȡ
ʦҶЦ־֮ǰ񼳤ϵֶ̬ĿûأͲмƺ񼳤ʵԵʦеˡ
µãչ˵־ֻܶԯ֮ΪʦΪȻֻϵ״ӣϾԯйݾߵİʦһһܴʦ
־ԾСΪšССϸڱжϳһʦŲѣһͶ֮
ź־Ļ񼳤üͷ壬ֻǺƣȱǣҲܹͨϸڿ⵽һЩԵĶߣ־ʦֶĪҪҳƺʦԯ
ң˵ĵԯϡûκιϵҵʦʦһҪҰͷ־ңֻҶɫı仯ȫûע⵽񼳤϶Ѿá
񼳤ϣҪôҶ쿴񼳤ϣ˿ûεĹһĨĻȡ
񼳤ǸˣʲôˣȴͿ־һֵ̳ģȴֶӵԸĿʦȻ󲿷Ҫں־˵ƷеĩΪʵԵʦѵ񼳤ϵݾͿѵְ
Ҷں־ҵŵ˵Ϊƺͽ
ȡ񼳤ôһ˲ԥܿ
񼳤ϣΪһм仰֪Ҷתȥ֮ӣ񼳤ƵۣΪƣ̲סҪ֮ѡ
ʦֶ뽲
Ȼ񼳤ϵòҶܹµ񼳤ϵľٶ϶΢΢ǷĶ
ǳ񲻺ϡҶ䣬ͬʱаѹû˰ΪһϣȻ˵ı
Ҷû񼳤ϵֺ޼ӡǫʱȷһֺ֮УʱƣΪһҪ̵ӵĳϣ˵Ϊֻò˵أԽԽᡣ
񼳤û֪ЩΡ
ðһ䣬ΪηҪҶƬ֮ٶȷʡ
ʵΪͽ񼳤ϵЩڣɼҲ˻
û㵱ʦҶͽȻתĿֱ񼳤ϡ
¡񼳤ϵһĺƣƺ޺Ҫлÿһ֮ˡ
ǾɱҶ챻񿴵ĻܣΪ񼳤ϵҶƺһ仰־ﲻ̫ˡ
ʦֶˡ񼳤Ҫ
ͣܲ𣡡Ҷһȣô˿̣񼳤Щ񡣴˿ȥºʵû԰ܵ۵ã
ҲԸٷѿ࣬˵ʵҲɱҪӦһҶܹ񼳤ϣֻһպҲźá
ʦаҲܴӦ֪ģʦһʲôˣ־ץһݣк׾˾ϡҶѫȻǺʵѡߡ
ҶͻȻЦûú־ָѫ˵Ҫ־Ӧܹȥ״ӵݣ񼳤¡һЧıպܻԯ񼳤ϵõЩİο벻Ϊķ˽ͽܶе˻
Цʲô־ƵһֳȻ񼳤Ϊ޺ʵǰţӻҶ϶ǶԼ
ЦòиĻᣬȴװױԼ͡ҶֹסЦӺ־Ŀֱһ㣬ͷһ
׻˵֮˱пɺ֮񼳤ϵΪٶҶ
ֻһ־ͬʱٶֱҶ죬ʦֶ̫أȥ¡
ʦϽɱΪʦպ˱ضǾƸ־񼳤ϻס֮ȫһʱ伫֮¡
ǺǣˣҶЦҲ˵Ҷ켸Ҫˡ־͹˵һĻҪԼˣҶ
ʦֶ䣬Ļ²̫
˵⻰ʱ񼳤ҪҶûһΪǰ߸ղǾ仰ǸԼҪϽԼһҶǴ˵ĿѾϰߣҶǲмֹ
״ӣӱǷδǱ񼳤˵˶٣ƺЩԥƬ֮󷽲̾һԽħԽǿ㲻ѹסеħԣӵеΪ˵جΣһԼ
˵ĺеҶشĺԥΪй˼һӵǿʵȨ֮ľҲᷢһı仯˵һһߵʵȥôֻܸЩ͵Ĺһʿʵȥôɱ˷ŻҲͲ޿ܡһʦͳߵʵȥôɱšնɱкѣ
ԡ
ĪҪ˵Ҷ񼳤ϵĻȻ֪Լӵǿ֮ʵ᲻òɱΥ棬ʹıɱ֮ҲֻǸ֮ˡ
Ƿ񼳤û˵ȴЩת䡣
ʦҪˣϽɱΪʦųѵҰж𣡡־ٳʣ񼳤̬ȷ仯ֱץס
ں־˵ʲôĽõģȻǳҶ죬󻼣
Ȼ֮Ľʲô񼳤֮ɱҶ죬һԼҪеգԿѫ칦ǿɽһǧ׵㰡
񼳤ϵתƵҶһȫ벻ǰ߶ں־̣ΪζԼȴжŭļ
񼳤ϵ˼ǻඣҶЦʡ
Ȼ񼳤ϵͷ龹Ȼһ޷ҡļ㡣
һĻҶ쿴ŭȼһǿˣһ޷ҡִ֣ǴģôǴģҲΪκ̬ȶıĿЭʣܷҶϡ
һϣǣҹʵΣȻǷǲ֣ҾͱҪƤӵ³ͼ


252 񼳤
Ҷԭûзú־ص뷨񼳤ϵһٱӻ־һѾ޿̡
˶ҩɾȵͣ˵־ĻǵҪҶ죬ʧܣҶ켸ᣬȥϧڵõӻ֮ȻҪҧһڣСˣҩɾȣҲһ
˵־˵˵񼳤ϡֻǵĿûƢôҶҲƫƫڷֲˣΪȺ־ȻҪҶ춯֣ʲô
ҶԽԽŭǿԸһٶȱ㲻ҪôҽͷҪɱ
񼳤ϣˣҶһʾ⡣ȻԷƽǿУϾͬͬҶ첻Ըʧ
񼳤һƹ⻪ͬʱǺƵȴͻȻûйֻرȭ
״Ҷգ񼳤ϷҲѪյһ棬û뵽Լ
Ҳûʲô˵ˣ˿ҶֻһͷǾ񼳤ϵıӻնɱ־жѺͿ񼳤ϡ

Ҷͬʱҽһ棬˱ͬ㱬
񼳤ޱ飬΢΢һͬʱ黯Ƶתһưľɢ
˼ľ벻ԶҶûʹ̤ΪԶԷʵûг©״̬£̤ҲȻ޷Ч
񼳤ϵʽʲôҶ첢֪鱦ͨҲûпѧļأΪƺ˵ɣѧײ¡
ҶȴЩ죬Ϊպ佻ʱʹùһΪ˷ԪƵѧȻѧǱѧ֮ȴΪơ
˸յ·Ҷ쿴ſЩЩ鸡ɢľƣš
񼳤赭дƶҲƮɢȥѧϷҶȴףЩƮ͵ƶ䣬ǿԪ۶ɵġ
ԪһĶƽʱͨڷŵĹɷӳĪʯСյ£ɽкѡ
ԪĹУһһ֮ǣͨǵŬ£ԪѾܹͨתΪǿĴڡ
ʦ綨յԪԪԪǿһֲӸͣӰԵҲӲ׿ơ
Ĳ׿ָĲԲٿأΪԪƫڱңԺöȣΪ
޷ֻҪܹʦͳ綨ôһӭж⡣
ΪǸʱ̣ߵѾܹﵽһԶԪĳ̶ȣҪľ֮ĹţǳУǷԪ֮ĸ̶ȣԿƿء˵ԪѾΪһ壬ԪԴ
ҶӰδͣüͷȴȻж񼳤ϰٷְٸͳ綨ʵһ׼ȴû뵽ͳ綨֮󣬶ԪƿؾȻܹﵽĳ̶ȡ
ƾ棬ƹ޺ۡ
ҶܹһеԪƶ䣬ĻȴıΧ
ƶڻƯҶ⿴޺һĻȴҶͷ˲ΪףֻҪ΢ƶ˿ĽӴǽֱ񼳤һ
뵽Ҷʩչԭǰ̽Ȼתͬʱ̤ʩչգ֮˵ʮɿ⡣
Ҷ찲Ȼ˳ƶİΧȦɫص񼳤Ͽȥ˵ʵֹͳô򵥣ﵽ綨Ҳ޿ܡ
˿񼳤ҲڿҶ죬ĿӣڶԷпһ˿ȡǵľҲͬǾԼ͹˶Է
񼳤ϴоȣڰйսۼ֤ҶһȫʤǸʱΪѾҶļޣû뵽ǣǰ꣬Ȼδȫ
ʵȻ˵ü˳ĿĻţ񼳤ϵϾʲôҶ΢идʵЩ벻ͨʲôһӵʵǿ߱ģ
ҾƸܵӣ渣ҲƬ̵ĳĬ֮񼳤˵
񼳤ϹˣƸú־ǰӲĸ¡ǰߵͣҶȫӣŮΪ޾͸ı䱾ġ
ڵĶԾҲǱϼҶƱҪк־£ûҲû񼳤ϻ͡
ͲӰʲôӿ˵ǿǻӰ쵽Ƶġ
Ʋ䣬Ҷȡʤ֮ʱڶԷʵս̩͡ˣʲôıǹɡĲҺΡƣ
ʦֶɾЩխˡ񼳤ϿҶ췴Ȼ˴ֻк־һڣȻоЩ²̨
񼳤ϣһ²û뵽ʵĽҶ첢ڳ֡
£񼳤ҲǲԸ
˵еĿ֮˱пɺ֮ǲ˵ľ㣿Ҷ⻰ν˿˼񼳤棬ֱķ
Ȼ񼳤һҲʲôûֵ̿ʵЩˡ
ʦֶ˵Ҫע߶ȣ񼳤ϵɫѿͷҲ˲䱩𼸸
ӡʦֶʦֶֻһ֮Ҷ񼳤ӡתȴ¶š
ô˿̣ҶѾǸͽһĿ̱֮
ҶЦ֪ʡ
ѵ㲻ôΪ񼳤һ˦䣬Ȼֺ
һͲôΪҶ˿壬ֱ񼳤ϣֵһܶԺ־С˼̵Ϊһ䳰
ԣ񼳤ϵ۽ͻȻײĳ鶯һ£ͬʱҶĿ⾹Ҳ˲˼֡
񼳤ϣ㡭ʲôܰɡҶͻȻƺѾǰ㡣
СӣȰʵʵĵ״ӣ򣬳ʲôɱû㣡񼳤ϵͻȻ֮ǰֺƵҲʧ٣ȡ֮ľһ˷ɭ
ȻˣҶͷ²û񼳤ϹȻͼı
ʵղҶĳǿΪΪľ̯񼳤ϣ˼Ҫס־û֮ǿͣûɶҶ췢ŭⲢϺ֮ǰֳԸ
һѸıľԸܹԺ־ֶ֮ͣȴΪԼ򱧲ƽҶŭ˵ʲô
˵Ժ־˵ǿΪ֮ϣַͨʽں־˵ϵõĳ棬ҲǡܹΪ񼳤ϷҪպԻᷢչΪʦŰĺꡣ
ͼͼ
ͨ񼳤ϸղŵǾ仰ǰʱɱҶ죬ԭΪҶļƻֻǲ²⣬ûʵ֤ݣԹʲôвҲΪҶ˵Ⱥ־˸üֵ
Σĺ̬ͬȡҶ£ͱ
ллĲɱ֮ˡ
ǳԵ˼ҶȻóֻǹֵл󻰷ͻȻһתЦиëϲٸʵ׶Ǻǣ֪񼳤϶ҵ˼


253 
񼳤ϵܣܵʲôأ
һܹ˲ϧϣ踺صܣһɣӰ춨ȻͬѰ
ȿȷǣһ;Ƹйأ񼳤ûҪԺ־С̣ų۵ļ󣬿Ⱥ˶˵ʲôôء
񼳤ɭҶ˼
Ȼ롣ҶЦҡͷһǿǰԽǱֵǺ£ôļҲԽС
ʵҲɱ㡣񼳤϶һ٣̾ϢʣȻɱϧˡ
Ǻǣ񼳤ϹˡҶͷĿ˼Ǻ񼳤̧ܵԴǡ
Ҫ˵ҶǿʲôǾԲѧΪƣǶ̧ܵľͨ
٣µҶ̧ѾֻǵĶˣһܹƵе··һѧ
ܶڶԵʱʵռţȴұ̣ΪʲôкܴһУһֱɥʧִ硣
пͨαװյҪȡһ˵ԡҪһʧȥִɾûôˣֻ輤ŭŭ˺ǰһʵʵĳ嶯ôͳɹˡ
Ȼŭһʵ߹ԼĶֵΪһ˫н԰㷭̣ԼӴ㱻Űɱļʺٶȡ
ҶڼŭԷķӦ̧ܵٶȣһٵ̧Ϊ׾ͿöԷŭһ£ÿÿ˵һ仰ԷϾ͸һ䶥㣬ǲҲ
ǺǣСӣҹűߵ·࣬һطأʡʡɣɵֶκô񼳤Цһڷŭʱʧߣ֮ǰСҶ죬ѾԼܱ䷢ֶߡԴ˷Բڷ顣
Ŷǻ档Ҷ࣬ͬʱĴָ񼳤ϱ˱ȡ
񼳤Ȼ׼ĵɫɲɶֹһ˿ŭ⣬㱻ѹƣֻٺЦⶼص㣬ôʲôصӦ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̺ͷЦصҪɱڣ
Ȼ֪Ͳã˵ҵĸ飿񼳤ҲǴ˵̧֣ܵĹǲǳ
ɴ˿ɼ֮ǰ֮ԻҶĵȷʵΪСȫûһʮ߰꾹ĻƽӴĵʵǴྶͥ
õӱǺ־ȻҰĲСҲƣЩƴ©ٳͱжҶʦóȻжǰΪʲô֡ϸڡ
ֻйûϸڵļƻֻ֮ܳΪĿ꣬ĿͳģĿ㿪ʼжɹʾԺС־ˣѪжԺԵÿһϸڶпܳΪɥԭ򡣶ʵ֤û񼳤ĵ㣬־ѾҶ߬ˡ
Ҷ죬ڷֲϸڣ񼳤ϵ֣񼳤ϵҲߡ
ǹʯ飬ԯԲ࣬񼳤ϻһʲô³Ҳ
ңﲢǹʯ飬ǹʯ飬ԯҲڴˣҶĴ񼳤ԳϣûõģΪʵ֮£òûôԡ
񼳤ϣ㲻ɱڲ𣿡ҶԾǸЦģΪûûΡ
ʵúá񼳤Ҳʡ͵ĵƣѧҶǸ飬ʵ˵أ
Ҫ˵Ȼ԰ԩ޳ģαءҶһͺں̸
˵û˵ʵҺ㣬ҾȲɱ㡣񼳤ЦҶ죬йصĹâ
̫лˡҶһЦ֮ȴͽȻתΪɫһһ֮롣
˵޷񼳤˫ָһߵ³ģ
Ҷ˫ͽȻһ⣬ǽֱһػƽ֮
־ͱ˵ĶԻԭأ˷Ҷ۹һʱĿпһִֵֽĶ
㻹湻ǿġ񼳤ϻͷɨ˺־һۣתҶ죬ʵΪηҪɱ
ϻ˵Ӧ벻ӦҶ췴ʣѾָ˱䣬ΪֽѾּ񼳤ϲôȻãôҲûҪ˷ѿˣҪɱ־ҲҪ񼳤һս
ʸ̸ڼıƴУҶ˳񼳤ϴ˷ռƣʤ׷
ʵԸҶûҪʹü֮ҪôΪľǳһ֮ǰǿڶ
Ҷ̧ͷ죬˿ʮ֣ƺİʦ伴С
໹аʱܸʯĻƱػʦĻɡҶȻûıԼ˼гıȴԵĹϡ
ʱɱӡ񼳤ϲмߡ
ǺǣҲ˵ܷڰʱɱңɱˣɱĸɾ䣿Ҷü񼳤ϡ
˶ӣĿжҪ
ҶղǾ仰˼ǣܹ񼳤ϰʱʱ񼳤ɱҶǰʦƱسٵڶԯ緢ҶʧٵĶߣƱػỳ񼳤ϡҶǾɾв񼳤ϣΪѾöԲߣҲһܹһָ񼳤ϵ
ƸôҶԯ½صĵӣ佫ǰ;Īʧ٣ԯ¾㷭ƷҲѰõ˿
ܺáܡã
һġáֳڣ񼳤ϻȻӰҲ˿ֱ̬֮ӥʳһ
Ҷ첱΢ˣ̤Ԫͬ߶ֻҶξҲ͵ӳٶ˿񼳤ϣǲ˵񼳤ǲյĲӥôҶѸԱ
֪񼳤ϲмЦͬʱ˫ۣŷХ޴Ԫޱޱƾ֡
ҶХһԾɲܣǰͬʱ֮ϻȻ貽⣬ʮɫͼָҪէۿȥȻͬһսף˵ƷǷ
СҲŪԪܲû񼳤ϵӣʵ˵ּķѧ벻ķۡ
ȥ
˿಻ɣ񼳤ȻӶԪޣûʹκѧԪ޴ǿﵽͳ綨֮Ԫֱ۶ɡ
޻ӻҶܵһľǱУͷ­

ʩչҶڿһ˼Ťתͬʱǰķб϶ȻΪб£ĿҲԭ񼳤˲תΪľĺ־
ʵҶڳ֮ǰƺõģɵΪں񼳤ϵӲӲȡκαˣ԰ԪֻǻУӭƶҲΪ񼳤ϵжϡ
ҶĿǺ־գΪľһٸɱ־
Ʒ⣬˿Ѿ־ͷ­粻ХķͽȻʢҶѾܵԪޱ޺Լϸо


254 ʧ
ХУͽȻһ޴ѹ֮ǰԪ
顭
𣬲رȴҶͷһΪԼİԪѽȣаԪͳѪںϵͨؽһƷѧδܹ׻ƣ񼳤ѧûзǰ£˵Ĳһ
Ԫ飬Ҷĺʧȥ˷ױ¶Ԫޱ֮¡
Ҷͫ΢ҧǶ㲻ȥˣΨһѡǾھޱ޴ݻٱ֮ǰնɱ־
ƾ־һ֮ң˿̵ĺ־Դһ״̧̬ͷĿͣеӳľһԪޱޣھޱ֮£һֻ貵ٷŴ

ǧһ֮ʣ־ͻȻһٶ⻪ֻ͵һȻѿȴƼԼһ֮ǰ㿪
ܺ־ֻϵĸ״ӣϾҲһĶʦΣѹͷڳɹѨơ
˵֮ǰľҲȫΪҶʵĻڼʶ񼳤Ŀĺ£ζж»ֱϻаֱԼԼ͡
񼳤ͼı־ҲˡĶһüֵԲŵԱס
ں־㿪һ˲䣬ޱ޺ĺҶĺֱϣҶƺһͬǰ㴹ֱ䡣
飡
촫Ҷ͵ҵ֮ϣޱ޵ྡྷδȫֹһҶΪ͵رɢ˾ɳʯּ۵ĸҶ׷
ֹ־κϢһʱ˳š
࡭
־ޱ񼳤ϣͷɽŵʶһ£û񼳤ƣҲΪû񼳤Ϸڴ֮ǰ񼳤ϲһ׵ų۵ͷӣ죬һ̣˵ϾȻɢһƥѹȣǰ߰׵ķ΢ɣݲԵúƶǱ䣬˫ԭǻǵۣ˿̾˸˸˲ֱӡ
ģô־𺧲ѣСֹš
־񼳤ϲδתɺ֮ǰһһֺʴȵĸо
Ƿ֮ǰ־ᵱһƨŵڣ֮һҪ¹ĳ嶯ΪǺƺʴȣѾζųۣ෴ģζ΢Цµ
ʦʦ־ЩΣ֪γƺλ֮ǰԼмһ˵ʦ
ͽ쿴ʲô񼳤ûתͨԿ˫ңԶâˡ
־СˣС˶һ񼳤ϵ˼ǿԶסڨЦҶ·ϣͼıʦʦչ˿ͽΪŻ
񼳤Цȷ㿴Σ
ҡ־˲־壬û񼳤ϵЦҡһȻȫ¶ʱһ亹
ܴ㻹񼳤ڻعЦݿ䣬â
޶ۣʦʾ־æȻ񼳤Ѿ̬֮־ǲֱӡ
ʱʲôõѡ񡣡񼳤ϵͬһλʦڶԵӽ׻׻̵
һ־ʱŵĹڵأҺģʦʦ
ʲô˲ŻʲôֻֻشһϹӣˡ
־Ŷʮ꣬Ķʦǿȵ֧֮£ȫԻٰʮ꣬һḶ́ɲȫںڰжȹ
ʧȥƺӿһЩԶ˵ҰĻûõ˿Ľչûüܱĸо˵Ҷˣһǧ׵㻹ڵȡ
ʦ־ԽԽ
ûϢ񼳤ϵһ䣬ɱڳĵӡ
־ǴˣȻܹ񼳤ϲûɱԼ˼ǸϽĨĨᣬ˵˺üͷ
ɣΪʦл˵񼳤һӣһ֪ζ۹ľ¡
һ̣㱼ƺֻصǸº޺ߣƽ޲ݣú־һ뵽һϱ
־˦˦ͷɲΣԼסԺԶҲԳԺ֮С
־˵ΪʦΣ񼳤ʵķƵƺлҳ
ʦӶɽͬ죬õĲˡ־˵˵Щ಻ȥˣǴˣ֪񼳤ôֻһ׶ѣҪķпƨ
񼳤ЦˣЦôº޺Ǹо־ķбȽûбЦͲö֪ˡ
ʦ־Ѿ챻ϣѫǰû˺¹ڸڱ׶Цصӿ¡
־ȻΪʦɽɷԸΪʦһСæ񼳤ЦⲻͣԽơ
ԸԸ⣬˵СæֻҪʦԸһҾϵɽ»Ҳ岻ݴǣ־æģǸĵĸоֱȰöҪֿ
־ӭֺã񼳤Ծɿĵ˵ͷ뷨ȴû֪
Ҳϵɽ»𺣣ҵİͽðǵȷա񼳤վĺ־ļ򣬼˵Ҫ㡭

ں־ȫע׼ȡ񼳤ϵ֮ʱԶͻȻһ΢ʹ
񼳤΢תͷȻȻնϡ
ʦû־Ҷͼɫ䣬ۿҶ챻Ԫޱ޻УһĶʦ׶εߵܶȡ
ң¾֮־аţҲ㵵ԭҶһʦȻܹĺ֮¶ġ
ķѧǺ־ĵһ뷨ת˲㱻Լ񶨣ΪԪܱԪޱ޻ʱδҲ˵Ҷûκη״̬ӲԪޱ޵һ
˻־һͬʱͷԽԺٶȷ֮ǰǸ뷨
첻񼳤ϵ֣ƾ˻ɱҶ죿ҶվɱǶδֺܹ
ȥ񼳤ɫľѾɢȡ֮һֺζ
ҡ־Щ£µĲǰ
ʲôѵΪΪʦһ֮б˵񼳤Щã־ΪŲԼ
֮ǰԪޱõǰնԸͳǿ߶ģҶ֮漣ȫûɻܱˡ
־ȻҶ조թʬȨ֮£ǡš񼳤ϸһЩһᣬӻҶ쿿ȥ


255 
ƬλھƷ嶫࣬ڱȽƫƧڣԵϻ˺һҶº־ĽŲȻǻҶ֮ɷɳɳ졣
ҶڵλòԶԼֻʮľ룬ɾ̶̵ʮ־ȴͬ߹һһ㣬ҶǰʱͷѾԼ顣
˿ǸӶŵģĸڶԼıӣһĶʦ˵ʦ֮ʱȻ˵ĵܲһְ׻ĸо
ҲΪˣŻţҲòšҶʵһԣϵˢߵ֪һʦͬʱսԼʵ൱ĶȴѹһʦڳԶԿͳǿߵһ֮Ȼûȥ
ļ޵ʲô᲻ỹʲôơ
־ľսվҶǰԥ
ҶĿµģԺ־ܹ۲쵽飬ϵѾѹΪ촷ۣЩͭɫļ¶ûֳըԵľ򰼡⣬Ҳûʲô֮ơ
ʦ¡־ԥãǲ״Ҷ죬ֻܻͷ񼳤ϣԷܹٻԼȥ
񼳤ϵɫһ˿ͣԵһ
㵨ӶûУҹͼ£־񼳤ϲõĺǳ
־԰һᣬ̧űҶԴȥ
ʹ¶ĵԭܼ򵥣񼳤ϵܣѾǰ֪ʿ乲ͼ֮ôֻܳΪԶ˵ˡ
־һŰžϣͣݵƿ֮
ڵѥҶͷ­ֻа粻һߵʵˣҶԭûһ֮ҲҪøͷѵĽ
ľжԶʱ㣬־һգ۵ʱ䶼ɡ
־ڷһ̣ƺõ⣬һǧ׵ǰҴӽԼֶ񼳤ѫĴɽԶ

־ƲסЦЦո𣬽ȴͻȻоһ˿
յġûߵκζ
ʲô񼳤϶Ϊ֮һ
־ͫ͵Ҷʱ򣬺еĽɫ׹ȻԼĶͷ
־̧۷⵲ִ֮ȴ޻ңʮʮȫֱۣԪ˲۳һתݵĹâ
飡
ɫƼױ֮͵غں־ֱ֮ϣһӿ˶ʱӿɢ
һй󣬺־оֱ۷飬Ըлż˿ĵľʹȻڳ˸ղһ֮ı۹Ѿѷ졣
Σͷ־ʱ˼ʹҪǾ˵񼳤ߣֻŻᰲȫ
֮վλһֱߣ˵񼳤ϣ־ʮľ룬мǺ־Ҷֻа벽ľ룬벽룬ҶȻһǴ׳ֱͬһ㼱̽
ʦ־ʶĺȻʵܹǿҶϼеģҶѾ߸ʵ֪ĵ׷Ѿױ
񼳤һ˿⣬վδ
ԭ򲢲ǲȺ־ΪҲûҶ벽Χھº־
񼳤΢΢鶯һ£ƺҪЦվûЦó
ҶֵͬʱĿ͸֮ļ϶ֱ񼳤ϣгϷŰζƺ˵ϷŸոտʼ
ɥʧ˶־ĺ־޵ֻֿ֮ʶ˵ĹоĿҶǿָ仯˫£ָͫвϷŴԼ֮ϡ
һӡ
ָɿ趯
ӡһӡӡֻգ֮䡣
ӡϣҶ͵һƺ־ˣ̤ʩչת˲ڶʮɿ⡣
ͨ
־̰ͬˤ񼳤ϵĽűߣɫҰһ
񼳤Ŀһֻۣһֱ˶ɰĿԶҶ춤ȥ
ܵǰĿ⣬Ҷ첻ΪĵһЦû˵
ʦʦҡ־Ȼ֪ҶղŵԼϵӡʲôȴ֪ҶȻҾôôЩӡ;ԻҶƿأ仰˵ֻҪҶ룬ôӡʱȡ˺־
Ժ־񼳤ϲδѡӲֻջغҶӵĿ⣬ʼϸĴɫǾĺ־
ͷţ񼳤ϲδܹں־Ϸʲôߡ̽ǰߺ󱳣֪֮£񼳤ϵüͷͽȻ
ں־ڣܵŵȻݷЩȻʲôףףҶոտµӡֻҪĬľŵֳƾ񼳤ϵĸ֪ŵһԽһʦɱ
㲻ҪͼԪĨɱݷľҶЦڣ񼳤ϵͼ
񼳤ûд𻰣ȴҶ˵ͣΪҲʶַУǾŵϣŪֱӾͻ
гĬ˷ֻк־ǴصĿĴϢ
㲻ֻһʦô򵥰ɣƬ֮񼳤ڿˣƽֻͣʡ
˵أҶͷĿЦӦ
ȲҲ϶ҶĻش񼳤Ϻ⡣
Ѫ辭˼Ƭ̣񼳤ٶȷʡ
һȻҶҲǲͷ΢񼳤ϹȻͬףȻԼϵܡ
ڣһڵţ֮˱ϲάΪΣǾԲһа˴ڣһֻ֣һֽ;
ɷ˵ն⣡
ȻֻǸĵĹأҲûеȱԣ֮ǰһжô˳£Υ֡
Ѫ辭һֱڿ־еĺ־ѣһ˫۾ɵѿһ㣬˼ĶҶ졣
񼳤̫߿ˡҶԲش𣬵񶨵˼ԡ
ǺǣĵӲС񼳤Цڴ֮ǰΪҶͻȻɢİɹҶ죬Ϊǰоһ˿ѹ֣Ҳ֮ǰͻȻϢԭ򣬲ǿ䣬ǲ
Ѫа䣬㾹ȻǱƺѧգ˵㵽ʲôͼ񼳤мΪļơ
˵ѪаҾѪа䣿ҶһģЦ˵ͼıλǲǾıλ
񼳤һƬ֮ȴЦµòҶȷʵΪѪаѪ辭ҶµĴҲԣͼı֮£ǴԯжƸ֮λֻˡ
񼳤ЦҶҲЦ˶ӶЦЦëһͷˮĺ־
ʦҪҪָ־ųʵ
ģѵΪʦ˵ʲô񼳤ûЦ
־˼Ƭ̣̽Եʵʱʲôõѡ񣿡


256 
˿̾ʦʱԽԽֻʣķ֮һʱ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿ɫת񼳤ϣЦһͬط
ܺ͸״ͬУҡ񼳤ϻشղ׸ղһûסҶ죬ΪʱԵʣھɱҲ޼ˡõѡǺҶ챣һȫĹϵȫĹϵʲô
ĸ֣ҷ
˲У϶ŵЦݣ֮˿ķûСէһദĴʦͽһжǷƵ
־Ȼɵ̸λȱϾһأ˿ȻδתֻһͷˮĸںͷвסĴֹ
һ·Ҷ񼳤϶˵ŻǿĻģ֮˭Ҳûͼ̽ԷܣͺղеһĻûһ㡣
ͷϵĳŵ׼Զ˸ûиԷκοͷŵ磺Ҿҷ㣬ϣҲҷҡǵĻô
ԲᣬǶղѡ˱ܿ⡣֮֮Խû˺ֻΪ˫ƶѡ
ټ򵥵˵Ǿ֮䲻кƽڣ뿪һ̣Ÿոտʼ
СӵǸʲôݣȻѪ辭񼳤ȻһֱںҶ콻̸ⲢӰеķ
η񼳤϶ҵһͻƿڣҶݵܣ󶨸ڡѪԵס֮ϡ
ᵽѪԵף񼳤һ֮üͷҲԽ壬аѵ˰Ѫڻô
ʦֶһҲ²졣񼳤ݿ䡢ӻƺֻصǸϱݡ
񼳤ϾֱԡҶһϾ͵ģǶ˵ȴףվԼߵһʲôԼ·ôʮٰ֮˲ڶԷйء
ǺǣҾ˵ˡõҶ񼳤Ȼ˼СĵûĻͼΪ£ܹ֡
סҶ֣Ц񼳤̧ˣСһûд־ûб£񼳤֣ĺô
ԣ񼳤ϲķһ˿ɻҶѾµҪԯ粻ΪʲôԼأ
ǲΣͼ
һѪ֮ð˴ջƺھƸѵĲΪǰǼ£
ǰƸ״Ѫڴ̿ͣɱڳϣһʱȻ󲨣ľΪ֮䶯òϢϵŴɣµоͷ֮ڶ
ʱõĥɰʱƣڣ䶯֮ѾǵߣżҲ̸֮ˡ
ȻһЩȴҪ⡣
ĲߺͱߣѪڰ֯һ񼽨ĳϵĸ硭
ǰƸ̵һλϼֽ񼽨˵ˣҲһη¡
񼽨һһܣֵգ񼽨壬ܽ񼽨ۡǵļҾǺܺãֵȴŬ׻˵첻ڣʮ죬ľѡ֮ʱֵһͬƺѡС£ڵʱҲһΪһμѻ
Ҳֹˣֵڽƺ֮Ҳûгֽݰݵӷܷͼǿھʮƴ֮Ⱥ󲩵Ƹ֮λֵܵļѻٶȴľ
ɾ֮ǰոճγϲµĶ񼽨ȴⶾ֣֣Ѫڴ֮̿⣬Ȼһˣ
ʱ񼽨ڵ֪˵֮ЩȥΪ˲ǱˣǸٰصİͽ״
ԯһȱ㣬ǾǼȰţµ״ӶЩԸϵ缲ѫֱ
꣬ԯغ񰮣Զٰӣ簮֮£űıԽ¶ֱһ죬ں񼽨ִ
ʱھƸνһ֮֮ϣѫԣһոεĳôķۡ
񼽨Ǹ𱬵ƢôһС衣
һ˵ִԽң֣˶ա
˵ﻳģɹϾԯıӻҲǲѡ
ܵͽﲢûеõӦĳͷҲҪĹԯ赭д֮²ûʵСңƺڹأӣΪһΣյģһΪҪֻп֮˲ſӵСԯûջ
ǣҹˡ
ԵǸΪڲ¶Ҳܳɹ񼽨֮¸Ͳȴԯлػż㡣
Ȼ񼽨ӻҪģǸĲˮȻˡ
ɱڳϣһ飬ﲻҪ֮ǰڵļҪܵǣ
Ϊ񼽨壬ԯȴϵ⵽˲أصɾȻû֤ݡ
Ǹʱ񼽨ɱԯ磬˭óνû֤ݲԯ粻Ը϶ѣ޷Լˣ޷ԼİͽȻһѪˡıϵİ࣬޷ԼӺ񼽨ʵ
ûһ˵Ĳˮ޷ӽ񼽨ﷸ󲻵ûзڣΪ˰ģȻûջءôҲ޷Ѫڴ̿ɽšһеһУ˵׾ԯһִٳɡ
Ϊ˽ֵң⡣Ϊİӣ񼽨ôװ
ÿ飬񼽨ͷȼһŻ棬ǹڸ𣬼Ȼ֮ززǾеĳ޾ԯ
㲻ϲô㲻ǵߵڰôΪһ״ӱӱ״ӺҪǰɣ
ãҾһıȤ
ԯ񼽨㲻Ϊˣ
񼽨ڵ㷢ģ֮ʱױһˡ
Ƹϣнڵӵְų۵ġ̵£˱Խű壬ʦصٲȻѾΪһʱԷŵƨ߳ĵӣûһĸַ
ʵ״ӣ־ҲڲԯƼָм汸״Ӻѡˣű󡭡
ҪٻһӲΧǽõİ취ǴڲʴһḶ́񼽨еġ
񣬻ڳ֣һѪϸ״ӡһԯصȴƵꡭ
Ϊʲô񼽨ɻĿҶ죬ܾ֣ѵͼ


257 
񼳤ͻȻ뵽ΪƸϵ񼽨ۣǰ֪ͨԼһ飬ݴ˵ѾϵһѪڵ֯֯ƺڡ¡ܹṩôѪڷ潫ԯһ԰
񼳤ϻԹ˵ȴ׸֮ˣϸ־ܵ뷨ȷʵС
һѪ֮˽ƺֻΪǵĿģֻҪ񼳤ϷܹΪ췽㣬ôԷ϶ҲΪṩ档һ£ԯߵҪǿΪЩ˱ϾǾƸˣһ鶼ƺڷչΪģԿų̶ԶԶȲֻҪͿԻΪԮֵѪ֮ˡ仰˵ѪڵĺǽףֻҪ˫Լ£ôûκɳ⡣
Ѫ֮˹죬ΣͷȻܹ벻á
Ȼ϶ܵ뷨ô񼳤ϱûԥʾ¿еĵڶ죬ѪڵԵױ˳Ƹ󣬶Ұ񼽨۵¡
ʦֶ˵񼳤ϿĿڣʵȴΪ̽Ҷ졣ܰѪԵͬһƺڣҸҪȻѪ辭ɺϡ
Ѫڵһɱ֯ǰѪڴ̿ͱڰΪɱ֮񼳤ϵĶܣ񼳤ڶ෽֮̽Ŷص֯Щ˽⣬ҲһɢҵϢѡ
񼳤Ѿ϶ҶѪ֮ˣԴ˷ϣܹҶıй۲һЩݵĶߡ
ȻҶܹѪ辭ȫһ⣬Ѫ辭Ŀھ֪ʲôѪڰˡ
Ҷ΢оɣľʶģΪΪ񼳤˵İһޣǰԼڵĳѪ˰ѪҺ
Ҷı鱻񼳤Ͽһʱȷ룬ȻЩϸ𣬴Ļ⾪ȾǹֳģҪԻңǺǣ㻹۵㡣
񼳤ϷţЦôʦֶ֪
񼳤ǸȻģҶҲͷһΪԷѾԼʵѪҺ
ɺϵĺҲ²֮£˫ԽöԷ
Խǿɣ˫֮ҲԽǰȫ˭׶һϸ˳֣пҪ鷳
̽񼳤ϵеõһԼĴ𰸣ǾҶһѪ֯Եף
ʦֶһͷʮ̩񼳤ΪԼڳҶܣһʱá
Ҷ챻ͻȻ˷񼳤Ūͷˮͷɻĵǡʲôĵô
ղ֮ĶԻΧŻ̽ÿһ䶼޷Ļƣʵһĵ飬񼳤ϵͻŻҶɻ
ģܲġʯҪˣǸġ񼳤Ҷļ򣬶תһͨʯСȥĿǿƲҶĹϵ
񼳤ȥһ·޻ĺ־ȻϽϣ񼳤ƺԺ־˵ЩʲôһȻŴǰָƽŵơ񼳤ͻȻԵмĸں־ͷͺһĺū
񼳤װѾװ֮ãѼ죬Կν˲Ϸ־ɾûôߵݼˣΪѾʶ񼳤ϵġĿ˿жԺ߼ֱµҪҪװүǲǿôƺ־񼳤ǰʱͷ΢΢
Ƭ֮󣬶˵ӰڱСľ䣬һӰҲʧ֮ҶͻȻҵĿ
ۣ
ھҿԵĴ£ҶֻɤһһѪʱ
󱳴ݰʹǰ񼳤Ԫޱ޵һͣҶһ·ǿڷľͺ͸ľʹ˿ˣҲͲס
ǿʵҶ찵Ը̾ΪͳѪԵʣڵǿѾԺͳǿû뵽񼳤ϾȻѧҪֻԪһȻͽԼˡȻ񼳤һ뷨δʵ֣Ҷܵ˶֮ʵ⡣
ҶߵľĿϢƬ̣ԸкתԼסȥ
ȻʦϾҪʼ³ΣҪȥһˡһܾĿƣôпֱڰʦεѾãȥμӰʦ䣬Ҳ˵𲻱Ҫʣ͵˵ƺǸС˾Ҷ˰
Ϊ˾ڰʦ֮ǰϻҶһ·ǿʹ̤ĸ·һʱ֮ڳס֮ǰ
ƿŵһ̣ѵأסΣϽԭȡС˵ö
ƽʱСӲ֮ǰ׷ű֮Ҳû뵽־û뵽Ȼǣһ񼳤ϣǵù͸
븹಻һԸɢвͬͻǸͣҶ˴
Ȼӵеڶ֮ҶڸĳӣǰЩʹ಻ҩڷ£ֱֵһᡣ
ңҵĺôֹˣҶʶ״̬Զɢ̲ƣһرҪ͵ĶԾһӡûҵİҶԻڻȥ
εƣڻ;ҶҵԾΪΪƺڣжǺܷ㣬ҶҩޣҴ鵤ܹ鵤Ѿָ˵Ե÷ǳ󣬲򲻵ѣ˷ѡ
µ֮ƿʼԵĺתȻֺתֻȬǴƶҶжϵӰ졣
ֹƬ̣Ҷһ󻻺·š
֮ǴۣҶ˿ͷѾУǰʦ俪ʼʱ
׻ˡҶֻܾ̾ٸʯ顣
ȻƵԺתҶʩչ̤֮ȻⲻһͷĿѣڵִʯ֮ʱЩٶѪ
˿̰ʦѾʼ޴ɫʯ㳡վ˷ͳһľƸӣյգǵȴ˿ıԹɫƾˮȻ䣬͸ڵء
Ҷ״üͷ΢壬ԯȻϿɾȺ³ˣŭˡ
ûиԭίҶ첢ûмֻվһԹ۲
Ҷڵĵطеʯ鶫ྡͷĴ£ԯֶű߹ˣ˵ͷݡ
ĿɨӣǸλִ£񼳤ϰվԼλϣƽʲô޹ء
״ӣѫ־ڳóɨһ飬ҶͽȻһΪûȺпǣƺӰ


258 ݺ
ԯƺΪű߹ŵɪɪ֪ʲô
ǾƺˣС˰ɡҶüͷ壬ԼոսȰãΪ˴˰ѩˣˣСӣǿɾЩ̫ˡ
뷨ܿ㱻Ҷ񶨣Ϊԯű߹˵Σƺǳһ㡣
ѵǺ˾ƺҶͷһͻȻ뵽ԼովļͬԯΪϲ״ӣƺǱҲ޿ܡ
뵽Ҷֱԯȥ
ҶͻȻһƬȻɫ޲ǳٶͶֵֿĿ⡣
ܵɰǧɫҶüͷ΢΢ԼԤС
ѵ¾Ȼйء
ʦ˼ǼҶѾԯǰһ
ھƸ󣬳һЩرشʽͳϣӼʦ𲢲йֻ֮򵥱ﾴ⼴ɡ
ԯҶ֮ɫҲֲһڴƺǳҶʧһ㡣
ȥˡԯʡ
Ҷڹ״̬ԯûзǲֱӦΪҲǡҪѻѿɫ
ԯʳʱ򣬳ƺͬʱס˺һɲǰЩˡ
ѵ񼳤ϽҷѪ辭顭Ҷ춢Žżǰĵ棬˼תݵķó񶨵Ľۡ񼳤ϽҷܵĿ΢΢ΪһƵľٶԼ񼳤ϵĿģȫûҪô
ʦ̰˯ˡִ֮Ҷ첢ҵһûʵɣֻֻ֮Цýˡ
Ҷ컰һڣƺͻȻһҶ֪۽ɨ˹ȥ
˽ŵվȺ֮УԴκص㣬ǽðҶű
Ҷʵ񼳤϶ʤԯ磬ܹ֪ģԯ֪ĸΪ
ű󣡡ԯͻȻһһ˫ƺܹµͽȻһƾ⡣
űɫ䣬ӲɿƵͲһ¡
ԯ¶ɫֻ̽һ£û뵽һ֮űȻ졣
ҵ°űͨһڵأ
űǲҶͬѫǰһָűʡ
ҶͽȻ̧ͷԼƺԼĴ
ѫԯüѫһۣľٶƺЩ̫
ѫڨڨ£վһһֺűű״æͷȥҲ̧
ű󣬱㼸⣬Ҫʵش𣬷ǡԯȻ߿ȴƽϲԡҡϷ֮ԳƣֳƺϵشƺΪ˴ƸȨƵġ󡱡
ʣű֪޲޲ű
տҶ죡ԯͻȻθߣһɲΥѹʱʯ顣
ڳ˶Ƽͷһµ鲻ԽĲһ¡
Ӽ˼ʶѾűش
űشϵı鶼ϸ΢ı仯񼳤΢΢ü־һĿ񼳤ϡѫɫƺЩաҶͷͻȻʣѾ֪Լʲô
⼸˵ɫ仯ûԯԣֻƺĳһһӣűɡ
űһƺû뵽ô򵥾ͿɽĨɵɫȴգۼ䱻ȡСѫߴ˿һҪɱ˰ĿԼ
ѫȻҶ죬ô˵ǷͲܹˣԯͷѫƽƺʲôһ㡣
ʦѵô׾һ֮ʣѫָűֵƽΪ˴˾֪ʮһͻСˡ
û˵Ѱű֪ȻѫĻǱԩί
ѫüë͵һɱ֮ͻȻɢ
ԯĿȥйâ
ѫ״æεӵ˼ҵ
ûе˵㣡ô˿̣ԯҲЩ޿ˣϯӣ쾹Ȼ·ɵӶֶܿҶ죬ھȻҪвű֤˸Ŀڣ˵ΪЩˡ
ԣѫɫ˲Ϣ䣬ֻܲʵ˵󷽣˵
Ҷ죬ԯҶ졣
ʦһͬΪͨҶԾɹӣһ顣
ԯͷͬʱʾֱ˵
Ҷվãǰƴͣɫޱ仯ԯʵʦӶʣǡ
ԯһλִģ˷Ըȥ
ϴδʮȴܹһ˲еá
ļ򵥽Ҷǰ
Ǿƺİʦ䣬ʱ֮ƺδ֣ͬʱѫȴһذϢ˵Ǿƺ˰㣬˿ˣµ־ȻҶʶ
һָͬϵĻˣνĿ֤ˣ˵ͷͷǵֿ֮Ѷ޲
ֻǶж˻ֺ̿;壬ϵɫǻûĪ⣬˵ʱƮһڳѡ
׾ӵݺ˭óԭԯһ˿һţʱ֮Ҷ쾹Ȼûг֣ȴǺѫԵηǱӲıϡ
ԯǲǵһ֮ʣֻǣҶٳδΪʲô
ʦƺƣҶ֮Ϊݺֶʵֲ̫ڣ۵֤ڻϵ͵ѫһ̫Բֱʱ⡣
пɣ˲պ󵱿תѡԯйػȻ˵ɣ˭ҲеҰο֮⡣תѻпɣⲻҰοʲô
֮أҶаԾһδ¶Ϊԯѹ
֪ˣҶٶȷʡ
ԯ绹ûüشѫһԾָҶɫ޳ܣͬȺɽ˾ƺ¾ȻԲѵ˭ˣ
ѫʦ֣ô˵һ㣿ҶͲµѫɿԷĻѱá
ѫɫһʶ£ҪҶ֤ڴˣѵ
ҶǺһЦͷĿڵ϶ɸ֤ˡ
㿴ˣһᣬҶǰȥһͭɫƤʵ
ˡ֧֧ᣬҺҶӡ
ҲˣҶһ˷ʡ
Ȼһ˻شҲ顣
ǺǣȻǿҾ˰ɡ


259 ̬
ԵʱһǱΪҶἫŭҲδ֪Ѿ׼һΪҶƿԵ˵ǡ
û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼʵ̫ǵˡȻֹǣڳ˶û뵽ᷢ顣
ôѵǲˣν֤ˡķ飬ҶϷŰЦ
ѫǵҧҶǿȻô׵ľɣһʱе㷴Ӧ
½״Ӱԯ绹伫Ϊأɹãɹ³ɾûôˡ
ˡˡ˱飬Ȼ׼öԴ˵ǣͻȻת䣬ԭԤеĸ֮ڵ̤ЬٴʹǶ˼ʶı㽫ʵ뷨ѿڶ
ˡһԯͽȻüǳʲôɸ˵ģ
һ׻ʶԼ˵˻
ѫ̴̻ʦλʦܵ˼ΪԲŻˣ˵ҲϵƺʦܣҲһƬá
סڣԯʧ֮ѫΪͷʹǰǸ̿ŬϯѲڣվǰģѾһֻ֪ȨƣΪų켺ϧֶεı֮ͽ
ʦѫȻ̤ǰһ硣
סڣԯŭѫûԼİͽǰԳƱΪʹ˫У衣ǽ죬ԼİͽѾ޷Լŭ⡣
ʦϢŭ
ڳͬʱģԯ緢ôĻһЩ½ӻͷһμЩԳģҲֻǰһΰˡ
ʦΪ˷ڣԸǶʡҶ칰˵ȻѫͣȴԯѫĿԼҲ֮ܺһķǻ
ʲôʣˣȰѺΣԯŭ壬˵һ˦󲽶ȥ
ԯһ£Ƕ˶ʱԯĻͷҲصıȥ
ˣˡ֪ƸεĿֲۼԯԽԽԶֻ֮
һԯŲ΢٣ƺΪʲô¶ԥһ˲䣬ûֻͣʣһ仰ڷлص
Ϊ֮
仰ԭŵµѫʱһ΢имԯȥıӰƬ̣ȴͻȻɭ
ˣͼݺҶʦܵСѹȥ
šҶǶǰѫʦ֣²̫Ҳ׷ǵΣַ̧ܷһ
ѫһݵԥ֮һӣѺ˵ĵӱȥ
ллҶʦܡллҶʦܡ˵þȣҶͬʱۼʱʱıɨѫɫޣƺѫӲŲǶ鲻վûֱ˵
Ҷ죬ֶΡѫۿŶҶмĶˣͷһĪĶʺޡ
ʦˡҶ쵭Ц֣Ƶ
ѫ״һ۽ǿ£תȥ
ѫԶҶתνġ۵֤ˡסеڶΣϢ
ԲҡԲҡ˰ͷĸ˹һ㣬˵ΨΨŵŵ˿津
ɫϣҶҲüƽϡȻͼݺԼΪʮֿɺޣϾΪѫȣơգ֮ʲôֶΣҶҲûȤˡ
Ҷ컺ʯ飬ڼ䲻ٵӶǰһ£˵Ŀ˾Ƹ겻ĸڳֱ䶯ԯҪסڵһ̿ʼѫ¾Ҫʼ·ˡ
Ҷ죬½״ӣӽ𣬼ǿ
ҶûмӣÿԼȤ׽˶Цݣȴֵĺзִ磬ԶҲ磬֮Ϲȥˡ
ʦֶϲ㰡
Ҷո¹ʯ飬ȴһΪϤ
Ǻǣϲ֮УҶ첻ûͷҲ֪˭
񼳤ϿҶǰЦѫȻ̿ڷܣΪ裬ӽʧˡ
ʧһҶǷУֻ΢΢üϷŰ񼳤ϵ׺£ѵҲѧͽң
ʦֶȻǴ⡣񼳤˫ǵͻȻһƾ⣬ĿҶ졣
Ҷ״Цһ֮˷ѿ࣬תȥ
ţһԡ
ԣҶվסŲɫ΢вͣл˵
Ը⣬԰ѫȻˣ仰Ͼϵش񼳤ϻǽѡ
Ǻǣҿûй򡣡Ҷ첻мһˣѫȻˣҶȴʲô̫Ĺڡ
֮ǰѫĶԻɿҶ˼Ǿѫ²Ҫ̫ǿ׷Σ̸һʱһ֡仰ƽʵȴ̺Ҷĵߣ˵ǣ¾ôȥˣҲҽӣպҪң
ʦֶѵû粻ֹ񼳤ԲģܹҶѫ֮ôĿɾԽԽˡ
ֻ˵̵ְҶЦ񼳤ϵͼù
ɾˣˡ񼳤ƤЦⲻЦҶ첻ɵӣĽƱҲֻʽѣָҶš
񼳤ϣʵǾƸϣѫϯӣǷҪԱݣҲӲ˵㶮ôҶֱ񼳤ϣϲɫԽԡ
񼳤һѫǾƸ֮λȻҪɱԯΪܱܵ𣬵ҲһƸλ˼Դ̶ֳ˵˵ȷм֮ͬ
ǺǣȻˣǾʹ·һ顣񼳤Цﳤȥ
ҶղǾ仰˼Ѿԣڸ񼳤ϣֻҪǲвƸ飬ǾͰʲôʲôҲκεĹϸ𡣵ǣǶԾƸ׼ȷ˵ԯ粻ȻҴ֣Ҳ׵óѡ
񼳤תȥһ·һͬԼ˼ǾҸôǻôƾ㻹ҲңҲͼ˻ˮ
񼳤ϵӰܿʧС֮УҶ÷ջĿ⣬񼳤ϵʵĪ⣬ĻǸأѫв
һδƽһ𡭡Ҷε̾һȻδȻ裬ȴʮֲ־Ĺϲƽƽġ
Ҳ֪ƺصʲô̶ȡҶü΢壬ͷɷһ˿ǣ֮ǰԯԣƺ˵ļءƺΪҶھƸΪ֮һǧҪʲô²źá
뵽ҶһᣬбҪԸ¶ݣΪˡ


260 Ը
ɽСѵģ쵽ʱϡܹ¡¡ٲ͸ľķ϶һԼɼ
ƺƣҶһ·еı죬ûãСԺѾߵС
ҶŲٶȼӿ죬Ƭ̺СԺ֮ڣ̧Ű塣
ù֮ڴһϵЩ͵ǣԯ

õɣҶŶ룬Ĳֻ࣬ԯڴߣɫѿǼ֮Ա
ߵĴ֮ϣƺ˫۽գɫЩҰףƺʧѪ࣬ƽȣӦò֮ݡ
ʦҶǳԯ繰񣬲ںδǲٵġ
ԯ˵ͷʾҶ⡣
Ҷ첽֮ǰҪƺƿĸϸһЩ
û֮ǣҲֻѡԯ翴Ҷͼ⡣
ʦ֪ΪҶҲ˾ƺؿڵǵ˺ۣǽˣխھƺĿƫ粻룬ֱӺ󱳹Ŀġ
֪Ѿȥ飬֮ǼĿɽˡһӻû˵ѡԯ˵ȻȻ֮ǰΪѫ֤ͼݺҶı֮ͽһʱɫٶת
ʦġҶȰοҲ벻ʲôʵԴǡ
ԯٶȵͷ˼Ƭ̺ͻȻתҶ죬Ҷ죬ΪʦҪһ飬ʵش𡣡
ʦʣͽضʵ档Ҷɫ˵
ɷǺѫԯб⣬˫ǵҲû
˵ʵޡҶشĺܹϣû˿ɣ˵û˵ѡ仰ȴƺġ
ԯɫ΢кתѾͽ˹̫ˣﵽѫٵƺûһʡĵģҶĳܵһ˿ο塣
´ΣͲǺôˡҶԥƬ̣վ˵뷨
ĹֻҪۣ½Կһٶǵô߻ô¾ǲɢˡ
ʵһҶЩƫƫȴҲǽ͵ǰ£㹻ͶܻԷĻڸģôҲȷûҪϡ
ܺáԯҶҶĻش⡣˺ƣʵ̣ܷԯ˼룬Ʒպ߽ܹÿʵ̲ƣһ߱˿ôɱϣ鲻ֲ֣飬һԯ͡
ȻҲֻͶѣɲҶɱѫϡ
ʦҲһҪҶԯ粻˵Ƿʵ
˵ɡԯˣӴչ˼֫塣
ҶһᣬʵѪںô
ڲ̫˽⣬ѪڵĻǺǣȷʵЩ͡ԯҶû˿ĻɣҶҲԯѪڵһʲô̬ȡ
ͽ˼ǡҶЩԥ֪ʲʣ˵ʵ̹ס
Ѫ辭֪ˡԯ˵ķƵͬʱ˲ˮһ
Ҷɫ䣬岻Ĳһ£ʣʦε֪
ԯһЦˮ˸Ҷ죬ƺĪҪšҶӹˮһһԵȴ
ɲ˭ͫġԯЦ˵
ʦƾȷѪ辭ԯĻشҶɻ
Ϊʦ˵ǰ飬Ǽ£Ѫڽһϵʵĵ飬ԶѪ辭˽⡣˵ԯһ٣Ƭ̺󷽲żǴй¶ûпǳѪɣ
ҶȻĿû뵽ԯƾ¶һ˲ܹҶʵѪҺΪѪԯȻƺĴƸ֮λҲ˵ʵΣݼʶóϷ
ȷˡҶͷҪ˵֮̾ʣûпڡȻľĶվֺ֮ӣΪ֪ᷢû͸֮ǰʲô˵㴰ֽѾͱƣѪаܵʲôĳͷҶҲ֪
СС;ĻԵ컯ǳԯ粢ûдҶ˼Ǹп
ԸûⳡԵҶ챻ǣ£Ȼ³Ѫֻ¶ɽһǣˣܹóѪȡʱ⵹ôԻԥѡ񽻻ȻصҸ֮ǰһҲڡ
ǺǣԵΪʲôԵĲȷԣҪУҪûУǻʲôԵˡԯЦſ⣬Ȼû˿׷Ҷ˼
ʦ֮ڲ²Ѫа䡭
ǱѡԯҶĻĿ͸϶ңԶ
ŶʦΪӽ󡣡Ҷɻоԯ˵Ļܻ߸һЩ֪
ЩֻǵȨΪԻײʿαĶѡԯһ٣ͽ𣬸Сӣˣ
Ҷ챻ͻһʶ˼վ̧ͷ֮ʱֻԯ˫۾Ȼڷź˵ı仯
˻Ҷ쵹һǰһĻ𾪲ѡ
ǡ
Ѫ辭ԯĻͬǰ޴Ҷͷû뵽ΪƺĴƸԯ磬ȻѪа䡪Ѫ辭
˿ԯھĬ˫һۼǣۼ˸ںڵĹһսףһּ᲻Ƶĸо
ƷĻᡣԯ͵һ˫ۣЩۼױ糤ˮȻˣգۼָ糣
Ҷ챻˵ԯ粻Ѫ辭軹ͬѰշ磬Ȼܹﵽֲ仯ĵز
Сӣоܾȶ԰ɣԯЦʡ
ҶȻͷ³ڹ֪˵ֱնɱôΪʵȴƺĺž뢵ĸﾹȻѪа䣿˵ôΪʵȷʵ͸ǧ˿Ƶϵ
䰵ڱΪһ壬ͳڣȨߵ˽ĺ֮ŵķѣλȨ߸ִԴ˼űһΪΪǵĻ͵ӣʱƣ֮һΪ׵ˡ
ǣ˵ȴףҪﵽǿֻһ֮򲻹ģֻ¼ڴܣ޵УԣǲŻἫֶεĶڼĻΪĲǱģֻǵϣͨЧǺֶסھĴΧڡǺǣ̴ãȴһЩע˻֣ǵĳֽı½㡭
ԯԽ˵ԽеȻ˳ȣҶ죬Ͽϣгһգ㶨ȻΪ´ɵĶ


261 ±
ҶСһ䣬ĿҲ¶ɫ
û䰵ڴܣۣ֮ԯ˵ݣҶϡ
һǰһ±Ե¡¡ٲԶȺɽͱ̲棬żɹֻ񣬴Ʋ㣬ʡ
Щֻڶ֮£ǾƷĶ㣬ƣֱʡڶվλãǿνľִ졣
㿴ʲôԯעãʵ
ӡҶܵͣȴܼᶨһְ΢΢¶
ԯͷһͨ˵һӦÿɽˮͺӦǷ羰Ҷ쿴ȴľԼᵱһɽСԼ
ҹȻûп㣡ԯҶļɫȡ
ҶҲԶջĿ⣬ǰλߣʦҪҡ
ûҪ̳ҵ־򡭡ԯ΢΢ЩǳõƺҲżֻгɫڵҵ־£
£ҶͽȻһȻб֮ˣҲû뵽ԯ羹ȻҰġ
ҶĿǰߣܹõͷļ£һôΰ顣
ӣΪ˽ܣΪۣ˻رѪжҪģǴ£ԯԴǼƺԼصǸѪӿ͡
¡ҶظǰչһݺµĻ
û£ԯ
£Ҷٶظ΢
£ԯͽȻθߣ͸ɽ
Ҷ챻ԯոȾͬ쳤ХԽԶԶǧɽּתݡ

ҹ٣Ҷ쾲סĴ֮аһɫ壬ʵش֬һ֪ǷƷ
齵ԱһԲľϴ˿һϸѱ򿪣ļ
ƤСᣬױһ׳ľһССС
Ҷ첢ûжΪעȫѾСвǰе˸ող͹ġ
˿̽еĸҲǿŵģΪѾҶС
һƶ״壬̵ƾͼһɵ͵Ϣ͸
ҶૣҪԯңҲĪѹ
еҶ첻ɻ
ԯеı˵Ҷ졣Ҷ֪˹ԯȥ¼
ƺƸԲصĴڡΧڣеǷޣһ֮֮ϣ˵ֻҲš
ɴûһйٱʹԯĸʿĸȴѪڣһʶమ֮󷽲ȶڵһССĸһλͷԺȻʵǺܸߣȻں̵ܶʱڵشһƬأԯһʱ
ԯܹ֮Ѹ𣬵ȻֻǿĻƺ͵ȣʵҲҪһ㣬ʵʦ綨ȻڵʱزͣһƬؿ»㹻
ԣһ֮ڸѹ飬ǾϰѪ辭塣
õѪ辭֧֮ԯڵңܶʱڱɨԯڵصĵλ
˵鰴˷չǵȷҲһμѻ׻˵úãľַش֮ȵӽ꣬һѱϯ
½ףԯΪѪ辭¸ͬʱҲΪѪ辭
꣬ԯ꣬ۼ֤ЩѪ辭ΪаĴĹûʣǲҵĿ屻Ĳ
ЩǵģǿеĿΪڳܶǱھڵѪϢ
͸ıԯȴףֻΪѪ辭
ֻҪͼôͲѽԯһˣܹȨףѪ辭Ҳʲô֮أѪ֮˼˶ᣬڷӳ̶ȵǿǡ
ɵıõ˽ֻ˵ʵͳ綨һ˸ͷ죬ʵɲ⡣
ڵõѪ辭֮ԯ𾪵һĻˡ
ͷ켸޳ɣգۼ㽫ӶĶնɱɱ䣬ԯһ⡣
֮ǰԯͷĿеõ𰸣ɱĲҾ磬ֻ²·
վһԣԯĿధ֮£ԯõ˱ȫܹ֮ӦҪԭΪԯ̫Сͼǲ¶ѡ
ǣԯ粻һĺͯļǵ췢飬ϸÿһ档ɼǵΣԯûб뿪޷档
һط
Ǹطƺ֣Ÿɽ壬ɽкܶˣǽʲôƺ֮ۡ
ƺڡ
ԯ˳µĳΪ˵ͽܣӱڷܿ̿࣬ܿ㳬Խŵͬʱƣ״ӵλʵһǧѩƵ
ʱţգۼʮһţԯ˱ʵȴû뵽ѪʦȻݺȥ
£ԯһʱޱȵľᵱУ޶ȴһ죬ȻϷԶβھƸɱ˺ޣЩԼʮףվûµȥ֡
ԯ罥⿪ĽᣬƺڲûджҪֻܹʱֵŤ֮۸ӵĹϵһͳΪϰһεΪ
һ㷢ģҪŤ»عҪһЩӵĶҪһ㣬ֻһ;Ǿǡһͳ
Ĵ־ձںܶУʱƣĽ־ʱ䳤֮Уڡ
ԯ־ûбĥ𣬵Ѿʼģ
ֱĳ֡
ͷѪ±ȼһѪꡭ

Ҷһջ˼еĸģԯľԼ
¯鱦ͨѪ辭鱦ͨصΪ
ڡڡڣ֮ܣڴһǣȴ䲻ӺͺӶ޷չˣһΪΪΣ
ѵԯ˵ô
пܡ
ĽȴԶ׼ģΪڻڣѪڵѪ辭ǱΪа䣬˵ʧˡ
Ҷ򿪴飬һҹУǿʣ¹財
סҶૣһѵɺϣעҪҶ߸û·


262 ѧϰ
ڶ峿Ҷҹ֪ʱڿ˼˯ȥҲδأȻʱǳģɽĳ绹΢⣬ȴҲҶ쾫١
򵥵ϴһҶٴλصУĿԲľеӳ
Ҷ׳ľƬ̣ⶫȻֻһָȣȴΪϸɿ̶ȣ̣޲ǳ
̹λ֣Ҷö׳ľȻʾĶ㡣
׳ľãҶתƤСᣬƺڻ߾Ƹͨõѧû´һѧһѧһѧ
ơơ̤ƲҶƤСᣬζ֡
ƺڲǺž뢣־Ǵ󷽡Ҷ첻пѧͷѧʲôѧļֵÿǷͬСɣһҶƾ̤λΪĵľϱɿңѧǧ󣬻̤ӣʲŹһ̶ȿ֪ܹͨȾָġ
ƺھȻÿһӽзţȺϷԲһɵͷ
һˮҶϸƷ
ѡĿ̤ƲԭȴΪѧУ̤ƲС
űʹõѧ˲̤ƲѰ˵ҲǺöǺӵ̤Ҷȣȷûʲôԡ
򵥵ķһᣬҶϽϣΪõʵ֮١
ˣ̤ƲҲһôҶмص֪ѧѧϡ٣Բֽ̫ףֻΪػĴƷס
һϢҶ֮ǰ֪ģһֱΪѧĴƷʮСף֪ԭһ˵
ƽѧҶҳ϶̤ƲƷ׵Ķۡ
ô˵̤ҲҪǵؽѧˡҶԺٴγűʹѧĳȻʵҪҶ࣬ʵֻʵ˵ҲûĶȥҶ׷ʱҲδʹ߶̤ɴ˿ɼ̤ȷʵҪ̤Ʋǿࡣ
ǵؽѧɡҶͷȷϣΪǿҶ컹֪֮ģѧʲôûһԿ϶Ǿ̤Դﲻ̶ֳȡ
ȻãҶҲ̤ƲʩչҪμУһܹǲѹ˵ģ̤ǰ£Ҫѧ̤ƲֱһһڶҪ򵥡
Ҷ췭ƣҳĵһҳײᣬСֱ˾ƵƷס
ؽһƷѧ
Ҷٶ΢оȣؽһƷѧ˵ѾǶĴڣֻҵİ˹ɱӡһѣ޷ֺšƺڵͨѧȻƷס
ֱڲ˵һ飬ƺɽһͨӣּĳ򶼻ҡһ䣬ΪܹһӰĴڡ
ͨѧˣù׵һֻǿʲô̶ȡҶ첻Щĸ߽ѧǴ˵ֻһεġǧơ
뵽Ҷ龹Ȼ΢м޲̱ȥȡЩ񣬾Ļȡ㹻Ĺ׵һ߽׵ѧ
ˣܺøԶҶҡҡͷѼ˼ơ
ѧȻΪͨѧǿ϶ͻã߾ƺи߽ѧĸҲδ֪Իһһӡס
Ȼͨһ㣬Ҷ췭ʮ⣬ΪϾؽһƷѧʶԾƻЩмһ˵ĸо
ӡƣһѧȡʩչߵӡٶȣҶӡٶѾνǰ԰ӡʹҲҪؽ׶ƷȻҪĸ
ƣƽӡҪԴ˲ıȴΪԵԭǻƽ׾ƷѧҶ컻ĳѪټ֮ԲκεؽƷѧ
ҶѰС˪һʱȻͻٶܵһӰ죬ѧĽȴͬСɡӣԭֻһͨļɸѧҶ֮£ȻʹԪͬʱԷעдӶǿ˺֮ȸĽ֮£µҲԴﵽؽһƷĵزһɥʧ丨ԣҶ˵ҲһӦֵѧ
󣬱ҶǿɱаԱӡˡ
ԱӡԭǵؽһƷƷףѪǿܹﵽһʲôĳ̶Ҷ춼֪ΪԼҲûгԹƴɵİԱӡкεֻ룬ҲҪԽؽƷΪֻǵʽİԱӡѾؽ׶Ʒ۴ɣܶƵľӡˡ
뵽ҶԾƵȤԽʧúþǹϽ֮ϣӵһߡ
ȻûļۿҶϰŵҲ΢м䣬º鼮֮ԺȴͻȻֳպ񼳤϶ʱһĻ
񼳤ּԪѵǾƣ
ҶͷһĿƵոձԼľ֮ϡ
עƬ̣ҶͻȻͨһνѧƷףȫֻһԵĶ۶ѣ׼ȷԴǿͺҶϵеգѾԶԶ綨Χ
仰˵ѧĴСƷ֮Ĺϵǹ̶ģȡʹѧˡ
ԪޱޡҶ񼳤ϻԼǵԪޱޣ߸ûκѧǾޱҲֻǵԪ۶ɣȴƿҶİԪܣӡ֤Ҷղŵ뷨
ŵ˵ֻҪʵǿֻȭͷһͨѧߡ
ͻƲҶСૣҪʵֻвͻƲ;
ԣһַʽҶͻȻһĻ췢ģԯϷһĻ
Ѫ辭
ҶۼʶѪ辭ǻֻǵƷ׵ѪҺѣˣǲС
õèѪҺйԻ֮ܣڿѪ辭֮Եĳ࣬˵ѪҺƷײǺܸߣ֮£ΪĹ޵ĳʵĳѪǺε
뵽Ҷͷ쳣ȻڲܹѪ辭ȴףѪͺһݷڵľ޴󱦿⣬һʵȻᷢ췭ظı仯
ҲˣȻѪ辭Ŀ֮ҶȻǸϾһʮ߰꣬뵽ӡڶʹãЩʧ⡣
ѪһҼ㣬һʲôءҶ˸ĹâǺǣ״ô
ҡҡͷҶɲҪǸӣͺʦֱۼףʵ̫ѿˣ
ʦѪ辭յ˾֮˵練ƣ


263 
գԯֳ˶Ѫ辭ѰƿأôѪ辭ҶϵĳѪһ׾ٵ顣
뵽Ҷͷ֮򵥵ʰһǰСԺ
ֹܺ÷ţҶȴͻȻüͷ˿Ȼɫǳ͸ʱɽҰҲһƬžԿӻδ
Ҳ֪ʦûϰߡҶ찵ɻÿ˵ϰ߲ͬҶϲһ࣬ȴ֪ԯǷҲǵĻóȻǰɲһõѡΪ̰˯֮峿˳ѿһַյ顣
һҶ첻òǣȻԯأ˵ʵ֮Ĺϵδﵽôĳ̶ȣԶԶȲҶ䲩Զ֮ꡣ
Ƕ̶̼յദУʦͽ֮ԼѾڿٵˣպദУﵽ֮ĳ̶Ҳǲܡڿ϶ǲС
Ҷһǿѹסͷ˷ܣ߻С
Ҳһʱ̡Ҷ裬οԼ
֮Ч˷Ҷˮȴ޷嵭ͷ˷ܺͼУֻ֮ٶȴ򿪸ղŲݲʰİǱδüġơȡ
ƺ̤ƲѾʣµⱾơһѧڽգҶķѧѷһڳѪǿ£ﵽؽһƷȴҲʡ
֪ΣҶЩӵƺ̤Ʋںô
ƻƣǺǣֻҶЦŷƤСᣬνݼڣ֮Ծáơ̶ֺܴΪжԡǧơ
Ϊдһ˿ϣҶ˷㿴Ľϸֱʱ֮󣬷һһĽ׶ꡣ

ʱľҶ첱ЩͣƤС󣬰ŴҶһ˯
ȻЩò˵Ȿơ֮ǰѧҪĿ⣬˵ƺ̤ƲҶĶӦѧȺƣô⡰ơܹͰԪܴƽֻ֣зȷʵЩ﷦ζ
ơҶСֹһ䣬ؽһƷѧʩչһ˿ڴġ
˿̵ʱѹ峿ȥݷԯѾٻʲô˼ɡҶȻȻ̤ǰСԺ·̡
;СתɽҰޡпɣ֮ô֪ߣЩҰ޿ɾЩˣƺڴסľˣˣҶֻ̧֮ۿһۣ㲻ᣬҲٴѡ
ҿʲôСҳڵҶãһʱ¶˿һͷĹܽпš
ǹ˿Ҷ׺ģ̧кצյߣͷȻƺڶҶĿŽлشֻɫûڵ
ҶȻһ֮·ƷȻƺ۷Ҫϲ٣ַ羰ȴѷɫһ·ɽˮС񣬶˵һ
ôǼƴƴһѣ
תһ·֮ҶԼǰ
ƾۼ𣿡
ҿҲ׵ȻǺöɸҪ
ûûҲ룬Ⱥòֵõ𣿡
Ҷ˼̸֮۵飬˶һĹ׵ģȴʮּޣŻ֣ͼ׮겻Ƶֵͬ
˶ðվѰҵ⼸㲻̫ͬ뷨Ϊðղ㡣
˻ڼҵţҶѾߵǽǰǾƸȻǾƸĵӡ
λʦֺáǼ˵òڶʮңҶЦŹּ
Ǽûע⵽Ҷ쵽ֱҶ˵֮󷽲ſĴڡ
ȻֻҶ쵽ĵ죬ͷȴѾ쳹Ƹ˽ЩƸӶҶ֮Ϊߵĺˡ
Ҷʦܡ
ͬ۱ôܻҪͽһµġ
ҶʦҪȥĶһԲͷʵ
ȥݷʦ缸æʲôأҶȻ񣬵ȴʦ֮磬˵ҲһЩ
˵⿴һ׬׵ĺûᣬκʵĩٳٲҽȡԲͷҡͷ̾Բλ֮С
ǺǣʦĪҪ꣬ѰЩֱǡҶⳤࡰءʦӡ󲻴˵˵Щ¶Ҵͬš
ѰԲͷ꣬˵Ƴ⼸һۣƺЩʧ
θ磬ǲǲ㣬ȷΣա
ǰΪ˹׵²ֵ
θ磬ҿ㻹İɣ۸缸Щ׵񲻸á
һʱ׷Ȱ˵Ȼǲҽ¡θ硱е񣬵ڡθ硱ĹȴǷĵġ
ˣұȥɡǱθ˲׷
Ρ磬ܰ˵ôҶ캰ЩŤ
ҽж־СȻ곤꣬״ӺһθЩܲס
ŶһǽʦְɡҶ쵭Ц˵иѻ㲻Ƽ㡣
һҶĻʱһǰҶȫѾ΢оȣ˷ȻҪƼѣӡУ״ӶݲмЩͨΪģû뵽Ȼ֮ˣ̫ˡ
ȻǺã˵ĴӦ״ƼĶѣǿ϶Ķȥ
ҶȺҪ뿪־أ˭Ҳ״ӻƼһʲô
Ǻǣ֪ʦֽ鲻Ƹˣ
Թҡͷ˵ھһ֣㲻ǾƸˡ
ŶãҸƼǲƸģֽס
һ˫۵ɵøͭһ㣬־ȵĴҶĻ
Ҷ챻ͻȻķӦһĬƬ̷ſڣǰ
̫ˣҶʦϵΪ˷ܣͺһ㡣
ҡ
ˣ˵ˣôʶĲҪҺͰǺֵܣٴδҶĻͬʱˬҶļ
òˣǡҶ˵ͻȻʲôһ㣬ȻʵǸְɣ
ǳĬƬ̣εĵ˵ʲôأҶʦɲ̫
ҶһЦڶġ족Ҳͨ˵̸ֹҶѾſԵ֪Ʒԣһֵֵܵܣôֵܡˡ
Ⱥ˵˵ľԣҾֵܶһ⡣ҶоͶܶƢҰƺΪ֮һͷһǴһͷ


264 ʧ
ݲݸҰｲһǸ飬ʱ䶼гһҶϼһ˵˵һЩ˵Ĺȥ֮ĵĺܿҲϣû˵⡣
Ϊ鼱ȣҶֻʱҸȻԼýָص㼯ϣһȥƸҰ̸
ȻĲ̫ˣϾõҶ£ֻڨڨӦһõ״ӵļ֮ԲȥѰ֣յĻȥ˯ȥˡ
ԴҶĸΣʵǸ߹ԼˣֻԼ϶ˣû
ĿͶȥҶЩԭصӴһкСԺ
֮ʱҶ첢ǿĹ۲쵽ӵı飬ǵɫĽͰգƺںҶ˵ĺýȴûץסᣬͬʱҲĽһ״ѵֵܡ
·ҶûͣȻżɢĵӣҲֻǴкȥûж
ԼһʱҶСԺ
˿ԺźŶǿŵģ沢ûмӰҶ쾶ֱڣƺڴ֮ϻδתѣԯȻڡ
ʦȥĶءҶڴ齱Եһ߷ֹһƺȥ
ƺĿڴƫ粻ôƺɣҵǣûƫֻˡ
ƽȣǻ೤Ȼɫתԣ϶ƿ϶һõķ򻺻ָ
ˡҶͻȻʲô䲼ȡһ裬ƺ򦣬С
𵽶ЧҲ֪ǾˡҶղŵôҶӵе˵ƷߵģһʱȻҲܹˣȴһֱûóԣ¾ƺˣȴԥĹ׳Чδ֪Ҷ˵ȷǾˡ
ƺµԼһյʱ䣬仯ڳֻ֣ɫʼ죬ͬʱ΢ĲǼ
Ҷ첢δ˿Ļңҩ鵤ЧѾģƺַӦӦַӦΪ鵤ҩѾЧ˿̲˴
Լֹһʱ䣬ƺ֢״ˣֱɢվûȻ鵤ҩ㣬Ͳƺ̫ء
Ҷ֮Уʧٶָ̽Ͼƺֻô˿Ա֮ǰ˵鵤ûаװ˷ѡ
ͷ΢ο֮УⵤԼ÷ã׸ƺ֮ȴ𲻵ʲôãҪɷҶˡûзҩûҶʧ
ɵЩģҶһڲˮһƣȴԯĲٶʧƺѾˣԿųɣθԯԼѲӵˡ
Ⱦ˿ϰǲǾƺȷһͦĵ顣
Ҷ첻ݸɾʱڵĵȴͻȻһҶͽȻһ뵽
һ뷨˲㱻񶨣Ϊǵ𣬾ֻһ¿
ָоڵĵ´ʲôƶĶ˿ڻƶ
Ҷվϸķֱ񶯵ıԴ
ǡ
ͻȻĵͻȻѿһС죬ȻСɢγһ˵ͨڡ
Ҷ첽ǰȥͷ澹Ȼ΢л֮⣬ԯĵҡ
˵ҵҲ̫УȻαװļΪԵȥƽ׺޶£ңԯ֮Ŷأɲһ֮ˡ
ҶͨڵȴƬ̣Ҫȴղûн롣
Ųʱԯ绺߳
ԯҶһЦСôˣ
ʦʲôطҶûлشԯ⣬Ƿʳеĺ档
ԯԹЦҶļ򣬵Ϊʦϲ㣬̹Ȼʮѵã
ԯĿ佱Ҷȷ˵֮ͨˣڷֱ˵֮϶ڣװҲҪװһ֪ӡҶûУ㲻ģѯʹܷõںò𰸣Ҳųȥ
ڣ㽫Ҳõһ
ԯ˵仰ʱҶע⵽ԭǲУʱõġ
ҶѯʡѵʦҲϲϺȲˣûüڣһɾѾӲƮɢҶȻ򣬲ݸЦ
ԯ״ҲΣˬЦξƺүأ޾ƵʵѰϷҼֲסοһʮһĺˡ
ԯ˵չЦƺҲ֪Լɲ̫ס
˵ģҵ˼Ʋܸıƺֻʵ䷴Цԯɫ˵
Ҷͷ˵ﲻÿɷȻƵȷһãֻα겻α²߶ѡ
ˣôˣԯ¡
ʦҶɫĸһ˿˷ܺڴ
Ŷƺʲôϲˣԯ˵ΪҶֳһˮ
Ҷӹһƶԯ˵ĶҶ˵ȴûʲôԡ
ҶòƷζһԯƵ죬Сӣ㶮ưҺϸƷģֱǱ
ҺҶ쾪֣ҺƵ֣˵ģ¶֮ĸоȻûͷֻǮ׾ƺúȡ
ˣͬˡԯεİ˰֣˵գ̣
ʦѧѪ辭ĿšҶĿȡ
ԯԣԭɵɫͽȻתΪأʵΪΣ
ֻѧѣ˵̺ΪѪȻǿƥЩȲˡҶһ˫ȭͷţ˷ܺڴ
Ҷ˵עԯ磬ȵʦա
ԯķӦȴҶʧˣֻǳãһյʱ󷽲ٶȿڣ֣صĵڻС
ΪΣҶ쾪ȵʵ
ڵʵ޷ƿسѪѣһʧȥƣǺ޷ˡԯ˵ʱңԶƺһµľ
ȻҶڨڨͷͷⲻһʧ䣬ԯĻԼҲܹʵܵѪĲɿƣƾһõӡ
ʦҪﵽʲôʵ֮󼤻ѪȷݣʧҶ׷ʵ
Ҳ֪ҵʵҲ޷׼ԦǿѪҺԯҡͷƺҶʧ䡣
Ҷû˵ΪҪﵽԯʵǲףﵽһ»δؾܹƿǿ
Ҷ켫ʧ֮ʱԯȴͻȻʲôһ㣬üһ˿䡣
ҵһ취


265 Ϊ
Ҷ컺۵С֮ϣлԯղ˵Ļ
˵ҶڵʵҪƿسѪԶԶǿм˻Ầ
ҲǺתأ뵽һԳһµķ
֮ˣûһǿģҶȻҲ⣬ԯ֮ͷٶȼܵϣ֮
ȴҶٶʧ䵱Уԯİ֮£ȷʵԳѪǿ꼻һֵʶҲô𺳵һ˲ѡ
ԭԯԼѪ辭⣬ǿаҶ켤ѪȻֻһ˲䣬ͬԻĹŵȴöͷ𵴲ѡ
ڼѪɲǣҶ˫ĿͽȻһƽ⣬ǽ֮ǰĽ֪ҪŨصĶٱͬʱϾҲ貽⣬һ˲侹Ȼͬһսףҫԣƾٷ䡣
ȻֻЩ󣬶Ҳ˵ľȡе𺧵ҶͻȻ
ڽʱҶĸоڳһɱ֮ǿֱƽδҪֻ˵ҪǿƴɵİԱӡٱֹ
ֱֻڷӿ⣬ʱҶߵԯʵܡֱܵ״ݻԼıըԵ֪УҶʱȫһȭ֮÷Բɻҷ
ݷôҶͷ˿Ѿָ糣ƣͷһ˿ʵ̫ǿԼЩš
֪ҺʱƿسѪҶʧ̾һʱԯڸܵɱ֮ǿйرҶѪ辭ΪѾʼܵѪĲɿƣԥҶǿ½ᱻɣӶһʰľء
ҡҡͷʱڿ϶޷Ѫֻ̫ͽգԲȥȰЩʵһ
ţҶѸٴʧлŲӿ죬ʱ˺ͶǰԼĵص㡣
ǾƷɽŵһ·ڣ·ɢҵĴʯ˿̶ڴʯգеһҰݣ֪Щʲô
ʦ֡Ҷûǰк
ڵԲͷЩ㶵Դת˼ȦҶλ֮һЦôҶˡ
һʵʵڵˣƢԺܶҶζֻҶһЦ״ӣȻҪඣ
һӦҶֻЦҲŹЦЦ˺һᣬֹͣ
һ䣬˵Ĺϵƺ˼֡
˱̤ǰƸĵ·ǵĿǰ·Ѿ׵ҵ֮һҪһ˺úôһ١
ΪԺˬͷҲ࣬ҶʲôĻͷܽϼһ·϶̸˵أ̸ĺǻ
ʱñ죬ʱ·գ۱Ѿꡣ
ᳵ·Ҷڴ۵Ļش˿ûͣ٣ҶһֶǲƸӵĴ
ʦ֣㾭⣿Ҷ̲סʡ
꣡ڴһָʾҶ
Ҷ״ɻ󣬵վǰָʾհ졣
᷿죬ҪҶ͵Щʲô
ʲôҶԼоûʲô¡
㿴֪͵Ц˵
Ҷûٴ˳ŷ͵͵ȥ
ŷʱҶлˮ۴һƬӨף׵Щۣ׵Ҷ˲࡭
ңҶ͵˺һŭĿ
ŴȴĹЦתͷܣʮֵ⡣Ҷ״׷ȥѾڶǰ
ÿҶס֮㲻ܣЦĴҶ졣
ʦ֣ǡҶʱɹȱ飬͵Ůϴ裬붼ԼǶ
УˣͿˣëΪ⣬˵ǻЦ
ҶΣҲֻԣ˼סȥ
סƺƫƧѾϾҪ᷿ۼĵطն˵뻹ҪôԶ·̡
ʦ֣ôôϤҶɻʵ
԰һۣνıӵղſ֮ɶоûС
ҶһȻԭ֮ԶԴ˵ϤΪ͵ƸŮӣö֮Ȼĵøġ
ţϵҶģ˵صδ۸ӣֱԹ죬Ҫﵽ̶ֳȣҪǧ˰ٻأҲ˵Ѿ͵Ůϴǧˡ
Уٸװβǣĸè㣬ĸ˲͵ȡʼΪҶװߣĳ㲻ǡ
ҲʲôҶɣƬ̺ŻȻ򣺡ǡ
ˣҶĻһҶԼߣָǰ᷿
ҶҪʼʩǹϰһۣԼȥɣǱߵ㡣
˵գҶԲĻդϢһᣬ͵Ůϴ£˵ʵȻˬϾǲµΪҶܹơ
˵ɶţˣ㿴òÿҶǸģʱ
ƭңҿɲˡҶҡͷֹط
һߣҲȥҶ죬ǾֱǼ᷿ķš
֨ѽ
ſ߳һʮͷŮŮŵֻǲƸӷΣ㲻Ưܶʩ죬էһҲԵ
ôˣŮӼ֮е⡣
㣬˳ܸѸʶ˵࿪ӣŮӵĿܹҶ졣
ȻǺһöվһͨˣҲģ͸״ӳΪѣ˵Ҳһֵҫ顣
ŮӼҶ֮оȣƺʶҶһ㡣
զˣɻʵ
˿ҶѾŮӵľĿǱͶȥŮӾȻڽ̸Ŷ֮ǰ˵ĻǶŮӵͷ΢Цʾò
Ůû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ĺȻ֮󷽲΢΢ͷʾգĿ⾪ȵʵʶģ
զһ⣬Ҷ챾һʶкϡ档
ɲͨȻէǰһŭ֮¾ȻֱӴ˰ѩѶ״ӣƸһŮɣĹϵܲһأŮӵﲢҶ̬ǺǻֻȷΪܹҶΪѡ
զûӦиߵ͹֣֮Ϊ֮仹ںݸߵ͡
˵ףʲôŮ̾˽֪һţǼԶҲ
㣬ҾҪȥ׵ˣҲȥԺָҶ죬ţигϢѾǺã


266 
ʱҶѾ˹ڲȷŮӵʲôϵҶ첢ÿ˵ֻܵȴĽܡ
λҶ죬ǾƸ״ӡһҶ죬ֹ硣
ŮˣɺɺλŮʱԼĺøУȻֱӾ˵һ㵹ǿ̫ˡ
ΪҶͷһ𣬲ΪɺɺŮӵûʲôȱ飬Ӧ˶׵ĻѾϰΪˡ
һᡣ
һᡣ
˸һʦ֮ǣһȻҶٶ̣ڴԼķ֮һʱ֮˰ס
סȻƫƧһɽ֮У᷿ӳƬȣֻ崦סַҲкôǾÿסǵСԺ൱ġ
˿̰վԺбĿ񣬿ӺոϰһѧΣڻ˼
Ų۾˾ȻǶҶ֮϶ʱԳɫ
ǡôˣȻĿ˵ô쵽һȥˣߣȴͻȻЩסȻպҶйһĽϸ˵ûѵĵز˵ȻҪСĽţΪҶϾһ״ӡ
զģӭװһӵ۵ģʵĺӲܴΪͲŶʮͷȻżϾСһҲһƬ̶̵
ûǶ֮쳣ԸòдԼ䵹ѰЩôȻȻͣˡ
ȻҲûָشֱӴ߾֮󣬱㴫䵹
ҶʦܡӭӭݡסǾ䡰ҶʦΪʲôͶһ𡣡
ǺǣڽûطȶʦֹٽȥɡҶ쿴˰Լм֣ǹԵЦͼ˹ϵ
ǴˣҶﲻͷһǰλ״Ӳͬˣ˵һɽ֮ˡ
Ƶġÿ⣬Ҫѹһ˵Ц̶һתʵҶʦôһ𣿡
֮ǰôʾԵͻ仰̵֮󣬰ڿ˳µʳеʡ
ʦ֣ѵû˵Ǿ仰ôҶˬһЦصʵ
ľ䣿Ȼʡ
Ⱥ֣Ҷ˵´һЦʦ֣ʵ˵˰ɡҺͶʦǰΪıǺúϴһ
ҶȻƬ̣ЦһˬʺˣںǮ֮࣬Ϊ˴׺ͶƢ˴һƬ
ҶֳֶǺϺƢԣ˫ӡͶԽ仰֮Ѿ϶ֱ֪һ㡣
ãϴ٣Ұϴ٣˵סҶڶȥ
˿̶ڷң˽֮ŭİ˰һۣһʧɫĿҶ죬ûҵص̫ˣ
ҵ͹ˣЦǰȥȻڶעĿ´ӲرĵطȡһǮ
Ȼ⣿ʧ䣬Ứ󹤷һЩذ֮࣬û뵽ȻǮһ˫òƴ඼δˢϴĳЬ
벻ɣĳ˶ð죬ڼҶΪ֮ǰ׽ŪԴ˷ҲŰ٩ظֻܸģһ̤ǰƺڵһ߷ƺ۷·̡
ƺ۷ƺڣľ޷岢ûƸӣסĶһЩƺڵĵõˣƺڶȹһ˿Ƴһ죬ƺ۷ӣЩ˵ʵɲ⣬ڴУﾹȻʥ۷ǿߣ
Ҷ˵ΪȻӣҪȡǸΪͨõƺ۷֮ϡ
ƺڿԻع׵кܶ࣬ÿƸӦĽȡڣЩǹӽȡҽȡ˱޷ͬʱȡڼڷϣ׽⡣
˿׼ͨ񣬿Զɶ飬Ҳһ˶ɣҲƸֱֻҪӣôģΪͨ񲢲˽ȡ֮ɴϣκ˿ٴνȡֱһ֮㳹׵ϡ
ƺ۷ʵ̫ߣżʹѧҲȥʱŵȡ֮ء
һǳΰĴ֮ǰһƬǧɷԲľ޴㳡㳡ĸֱһͨ죬ͼƮֱĴƸı־
ڿǰλãһʰľ޴񣬴˿ͷܶۼŲǧԸƸĵӡ
ôˡҶ״Ȼڴ֮ǰƸӶһֺеģĻƺڵǲǶŵġǼǰ֮ףŬԶԶ
⻹ࣿñӵҶ죬ˣٿ²ˣ
˵û˿šҶĿ࣬ΪŶĻ֤ʵ
ҲǲţǳԾҶԸп
˵ûпţȻͨȡǽȡĸ߷ڣΪÿ˶ڵһʱ񣬱Ͼȡɣ乱׵ĻҪȱ֪߳ٱ
߰ɡҶڶݵĳԾ󻺽ȥͰ˶һۣϡ
ʵֵطͰֵӲǰҪԭʵޣݵĩƣȡڽеĹУҲǸ޷߶Կʵݻͣһơ
ԣֻżǰ¶֮㣬Щü춼ûˢ£˵Ѿ˷ʱǾͿԴݽȡõǿľˡ
ȻĲûУֿ϶Ҫеģֻ˵ǵľִҲֻǵ⼶ˣҲûʲôµģҹƽǡ
˽ҶĲô˿̣ݵֳ̱Ҷǰ濪ǺܿȦΧ;ȻҲжԲӲߣڼҶ֮ѡ˺ã֮ԼɵҶ죬ΪʦʵҲΪ״ӵݣΪ㲻ʲô롣ǼɵҶеǸ״
Ҷ켫ΪĽУղŵһ״ѧģô˺ʱŵǣͻȻһ֪ĸƸĵֳһ·ϾȻˣͨ衣
ҶɲʲôŮǸˡ˵ĵطҪһЩĹأƺҲ⡣״ӵﲻʲôֳ״ӿɾ˲ˡ
ÿֻĿ飬Ҳ˵ƺ˵ľ޴ȺУֻܹʮ˶ѣ


267 ȡ
ƾҶ˳Ľ뵽Ȧ֮У;кܶ˶ҶͶȵĿ⣬Ϊǵӡ߾һꡣ
ȻҲʶҶˣЩ˶ԾƸ󣬵Ҷ߾ʱǱ·ҴһкΪ֪ҶԸ϶òشܹõһ״ӵɲһƽ飬ΪˣĹоͻݶ鷳
˭
ǾƸ½״Ӱɽĵ졣һƸͨԺĶ֮˽͡
Ŷ˵ôûβסĽƸӵĻش⣬ʵȴ֮½һʣէһûʲôرģǺϵһǿɾ˲ˡ
ŵΪ״ӵӲ٣ŵֳʵǰ޹ˡ
죡ܵõأأʮأ˵һ֮ŵ˵ƺҲδؾûпܣ
֮ӣ˶һĨĽǼ
ĽĽ֪֪֮ԼȻﲻһǵĿȻȻתƵҶߵϣǺҶкľƸӣǸҶЩ벻ֳϵġࡱ
ҶƺҲܵ˶ԶͰͶĿ⣬ͷ˲ʱһ˿á
ۿ˵ͣһҶϻͷȻ˵棬Ȼ˵УҼΪصĵ磬ȽȥЩ飬Ժ㵽
ม
Ҷ˾ΧȺķһǺεȹ֮Ҷ쾹Ȼֽˣ˵ʲô˵Ǹ࣬ǱҪصĴڣִڿݣ֮Ϊֵܣ
˽ӹһʱЩһ·ǱűͶİְۣۺǲǲΪΪҶĹӣպΪԼҶĹӡ
˵ףǰ۲Ľʺ޶ѡ
֮ҪһЩҶľٶΪö˳һס߾٣һεǰȥ
֣Ȼ˶֪ˣȴҲ֪˵ֵܣ֮޲׷·˲ʱѾ֮ǰ
ҶΪ˸˳ڳʱ䣬һƸĵӽ̸Ѿ֮󣬼򵥵˴Ǳ𣬶Ҳȥ
Ҷһ뿪ղźҶ콻̸Ǹ̳Ϊˡڵ֮ʸеĿⶼ৵һͶƺʣΰͽģ

Ҷ촩ԽȺܿͰ˻ϣһ֮ǰ̧ͷ鿴
ڲ鿴ĹУҶܹܵǶʱʱͶĸмĿ⣬Ҷ첢û˵ΪǸммɣǳ԰ԵԼһȡ
Ͱ˿̸û˼񣬶ΪƸӶ֪Ҷӵ飬ѧڲƸİˡڼҶóһ̱ĸܵһ𾪣ԼȻΪѣ
ЩţһĻȣͲֵһᡣ
ʲôƺڴžԵݣƾһİɽ̼죬ǺεȵΣ˵ʲô
˵ߣƺڶԱڶġڽǶпܳΪƺڵһͼڣͺԯ硢ͺط硢ͺܹƺڵײβһ֮
δ磬˵ĸ񣿡Ҷͷβɨһ飬δֺͶ˵
ס񣬾ĿƬָ̺ƫһǡ
Ҷ˳ָķȥֻۣȻ쵽ĵײ
϶ıעԵĻ֣ϷѵϵߵҲʢĽֻ۾סǺд͵Ķ񣬴ʮͷնԵһЩȻʮΪȡǺĿֹСңΪݳȲҵĴһ
ҶȻϵɨһ飬ѹû룬ΪôҲּû뵽ͼĺ֡
ҶĲΪΡ
ûиоԼѡǵĩһʮѵ
ȿȡοе㶪˰Ҳȥˣǵʵ࣬Ķʦڣıע񲢲Ӧжֳѳ̶ȡ
ǣ㲻Ѳ񣬶ǡѹͬʱָ಻Զ
ҶѭſȥֻǱߵĵԿڼһȺ˴ӵŻĵӣߴߴĲ֪ʲô
ȡĵڶ࣬Ϊ˹Ӧܹͬʱۿ㳤ɣظļ¼Ϣÿһɱһưٴ
ˣܹǰ鿴ҲһЩͷҪôҶԺ֮ˣҪôʵǿѾﵽ߶òֵ
ָȺ˵ʲôͷҶȴΨһܹһǺǰ裬Ϊǽʮ˲Ȼռڵе̡
˭ǽкιϵҶ쿴һᣬͷŶɻʵ
ǵƸ⣬Ҷߣ˵ʱԾɺСƺöԷ
֪ҶͷǵƸ֮һȻʶƸΣΪƸĵӶһص㣬Ǿű뻪
զ֪
Ҿ֪㻹˵ô˰ɣҶĸͣ׷ʡ
Ƿ裬ﲻ𰡣пδ˵ǽȡкιϵ
ķϻƪҶ뵽һˣʱҲһˣÿ߶߶˵Щ޹صĻ
硭Ҷ찵񣬺ڷկ˷ʱԼҵѾڣҶʬ嶼ûҵ
˭ɻʵ
ûû£ֻһˡҶ񣬾ԼǰЩ¡
ŶһٶָȺҸ˵㿴û
Ҷ˳ָȥǱȺӵ꼶ԼµĵƸӡ
ôˣҶ˿оԷʲôر֮
ǵƸµĶӡԶ˵ΪȥԽӿڵ
ûֵȻûݱüֱ֪ٱ̲ס졣
Ҷüʵ˶˼ӵسרŸЩ۸ͨӵĹ


268 
˫㲻Զʮɵľ룬ȺмŤͷ߿
һʧɫϽװ˳סҶ죬СֵܰɲģǣԺûӹ
ҶղŶдвмζҺüҲơŻ˶ȻĻɫʵݣǲòԡһ²һ¡Ϊ׼Ĵµġ
ҶʦܣûҪǼӡҲһԿ
ҶĵͷӲûаѶ˵Ļϡ
ͰһۣӶԷпΣǵҶ˳˳ˮĵڶ㱻Ϊ״ӣֳ̬֣Щ֧Ҷʱ
µӿĿɲЩ״ˣһǵֱǸƨ鷳ĶΪ״ӣǵ뷨ǣ۸ͨӲԳǵİ裬ֻ۸ʵڱ˿Ӣۡ
ιǱߵģһ¡
ʲôʲôڶͰҶǵµʱȺйȻһŵĽк
ͰٶȶһۣδӶԷУǿĿɲֻôˡ
ǺǺǣλʦ֡
˭ʦ֣ҺղźüΪм˶ĻͬʱָҶ졣
ңҶЦͲÿʲôͣȻ˽ȡҪ档
ԣ㣬˶Ҷ̬ȾڵǲԼСܣ˵ޱȰ
˭Ҷ˿ӣҲûòԡ
Ҷʦܣ嶯Ҷһ£ٶȶ˵λʦ֣׹أ֮Ͻ׵ġ
һȥŲǼ׵㣿ԳŵıǸղǽк֮ˣĿܸӡ
ȻǲǲǾͿԲʾôҲϽǰգΪԷεҲ磬ǳҶġ
Ǻǣ㵽ǻ˵ʱѾ˹ͷߣĸߴγ˼ΪԵķ˵ʱҪͷŰȻ滬ЦҲΪ˼ӵζ
һЦ˹֡
㣬ʲô֡漴һεҶǰʵ
˵ղźͰԻʱΪԭôľٶɾǴĿˡ
ҶȻЩҲͷ˵ĵزΪԾǴ˵е۸ڶ
㲱в֢ôΪ˵ǿ죿Ҷûлش⣬Ƿ༥
İɣŲûзŭʵҲʸŭȻҲ״ӣ䱾ʺͺ־ƣʵ֮֮Ըſ񣬿ȴһݡ
ѵ㲻ֵ֪ǣδҶشѾٶȷʣ˵ʱд˹ƵԽС
һݣ˫ٵĹȶ
״Ӻ͹ȶȻǰҪԶԶù߰ٱ;ǺܹŴĪʵݡ
˲űƺڣû˵ĳĳ״ӣǺǣЩûʵûݵĿ˭㡣
˵ҶЦŵͷ
˵ô᣿֪ΪԼ·أŶҶƺġ
⻹᣿Ҷװһȵģ
⻹᣿ŷʣǰһСֵܣ֪˼ôô˵ô
Ǻǣ֪Ѳɹڵ˵ҶЦŲ
ǵڣҲҪġ˵⻰ʱԺ֮У෴ģ˵ĺ֣ء
ôҶƣ˵ֻӣ˫ԹҲԵòʲôɫ
Ǻǣֵ˵ЦˡԲԳ㿴̵ģʲô
ҶЦ˹֪
Ҹ˵֮ңΪ˫ٵ£׻˵úã򹷻ÿˣô˵㶮ɣ˹֪ĸʵУûΪ˫ٺоԼҲľһܹʶԼֻһѡʱо޷ֺԲλࡣ
ҲҶҡҡͷоŶƺûж⣬Ҳָ糣
ҵ˼˵ûҪұŤȥ˫ټ۸ǻоԼ޹⣬ʱ͵ùˡĵĽ͵
Ǻǣ㵹ǻˡҶǴˣһ׹
ôţҹȥһˣ˵⣬ԭ˫֮ǰҶȥġ
һӡҶЦȲҪӸţǾԴ˻ԼҲûҪΪһ
ҶʦܡסҶ죬ǡ
ġҶ˵ͷöҶ֪˵Щʲô޷ǡһʱƽ˾һա֮
Ҷʦܣ嶯ҲǺܲĵһ䣬Ҷݺ˫ٷʲô
ϽİɣźɤӣϾʱе㳤ɤǺ˫á
źգ˱û˵Ҷݵһͬ˫ٵǰ
˭ҪңҶվĿʮһɨȥȦʮźǻ󣬵֮ԼһȴԵһΡ
ǺǣƢСأ
֪Ķ
һΪԼˣ
һʱ䣬ҶǿӲǺ޾ɫĴȶ࿪ڣжǲмͲޡ
Ҫ㡣˴ӵŵĶͽСǸƿȺŲĳӢĿǣüɽҲдԣŮӳԵĴԡ
ǺǡҶЦһŮӣ׳ʽЩô
ûʰҶЦķͬʱе񾭲ɣǲǹﹴĶˡ
һƬ̺ŷӦȴûЦĬ
Ц͡Ҷ̧ܵٶ͹Գ껰䣬ϻػ
ģҪ
үСǷ˵仰Ǿ
ǰǶеޣ
Ҷһϵٶȼŭ˫ٵĸǣ˿һ죬ͺҶǰŭ
澫ʣϷôҶЦˣò˵ǵݼʵ߳
ġ
סڣһڸЦҶ죬ȤԺҰɡ
ҲôõġҶԥĻش
ģҪҪˣ
ղŻô֣ʲô˰
һڸҶʱٶըȫԼӵݣҶ
ȥһ·˳ִǮӳģǮƲ١
ҶЦ˻ȥҵ˼ˡ
ҵ˼ǣҲȤԺҰɡ


269 
һԻȻ
ܶ˶Ҷ仰ڵݣƺںʮ꣬ûôԼ˵ġ
죿ʲôǸ֮ӣĻʹԻ̳и֮λȻֵֻܶһܹǴ˸λֵͬģ˭һ
Ҷ˵ʵǵƸô͸˵ҳô
ʲôôӴлָڻȡһͼʵع󣬶Ұйһ֮ԵǵƸ
ǺǣʲôԽУ֮ӣҶЦʡ
ֻ˵̫޴ˡûлشҶ⣬ȻһգٶʱѾΪһҽ
˻
˵ڳˣֻҪǼһĻģԵһһ˭ҪŪʲô壬ִʲô

ĺݽɫ
ԣ̫ˡ
ΧȺڷ׷С̾иԵĸпĽӶࡣ
٣ǲǡ
ΧۿͣĸǶһĻȻٷ飬ٻȴ¿ɲܹġ
סڣ˵Ҷ죬мĵôҵôֵһᡣ
ͰһֱҶ죬ĿʼսŴ˴¼һĻͷһ£ͬʱ첽
൱ƸĴڣӵĵӾǸΪصĵӣ˵ǿɽӵ˵ӵиάǺܶߵĵԴ
˿ֻ̲ڳ˶ΪҶĵǿССΪҶ֮ԸӲȫֻΪԯڱɽѡ
ǲ֪ǣҶֻһߵʱ͸򵱵صڶս޿ߵһΪ˭ɽǿԼǷݾǿͲ
ϣûκȨܹҶҲܡѫܡǲܡ
ǺǣɡԽеҶЦ
ҪӲ⣬ΪҶĵһǷɢȴˡ
үдֵƢЩһʶƲǸϽװŵǰͽ⡣
ûǰһŭȣҶмԣڶͨӣÿһۡ
һ˿ŭȻͣȴǰϮ
ƺо΢ɨ˶һۣаôľһЩ֪ߵغĻɫ
ʦ֣ͰʦȻȥԺһȥǡҶ˵ʱЦĺ⣬ûΪ˿ĵǡ
УҵȻûʲô£ֳֵܻܶ£նĴҶĻ
ͷͬᶨĵͬ
Ҷ״ο˵ʵôˣҶ첢ɺޣͷ϶ʧ
ûãȻȥңϵطҶ仰ʵҪҶ죬ôͰֻǶĶѡ
Ƿϻܶ࡭
һ߶߶ȥ
˿˵Ŀⶼ৵һ¼еϣΪȻĻһ˴³
㹻˵һ飡־㵣ˣһͨӣȻԼ
˵һȥһһظϲ˿ǿԿóĻȥˡ
ƽܲ±㲻£һ飬ǸĶӻأҲ£
ǶԸ񣬼Ȼ޷⣬Ծͳ˸ɣ
˲Ǳ䵽㡣
Ҫɱˡ
ߣϽ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ܵɱ⣬ΧʿʶȤѡ뿪һĿɱ䣬˭ҲԼմѪ
մѪմΣɱ˿ɲȺаԵȻǸӣɱҲⲻ
٣ҿ¾ô˰ɣе⡭
Ժóڶٵǰ
ٿ꣬ǹϽˣ
һڸʮڵľƣɱѶֺصԶ֡׻˵ǧñһʱʱˣ
ǣ˭ұɱ˿ɲһС£ڹȷĹ涨ɱͬߣն⣡
Ҳɱ˻ֶͨαȫȺûôϵš
ҪǺãŭһڸ࣬õǸɱպ֤ɻڴȻʰʰΪã
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ɫ˵ĿɲЦĻˣһڸԾûԸ⶯ֻȴ˼ԥ
ԥҪҪѺһαѺɱ֮ıӻܹԱȫ
ܡʱһλݽɫڿڣֻ˳һ˲ţ˵ǿ㣬ôӢͦ
硣ƺĻ֮󣬱
ôſڱտھ˵ʲôɱ֮Ļ컰أֲǲˡЦſڣǸ׻׻̵ģȥ޺
磬㡭һ㶣˵֮⣬Լһĸ谮Լô쾹Ȼ˵ˡ
λʦĪ֣Сӣ֮м¡ûٴܵܣǳҶ칰ָ
ҶЦԶԣһֱԹۿ޷ʰĵزվ˵˵ȷһܳסմֵĺݽɫ
ǵƸ֪ʦγƺҶû˵Цݲģ׷ʡ
ƸҶ졣Ҷ䣬ԷȫҶȻҲȱ
ǱСЩҾͳһҶʦܰɣ֪ðʱһǫǫӵģ
ǫûκ˾ȣΪ½֮⣬ƺ˶֪Цصһò
ðûУһҶʦҶȻҲ½ӣܿóװģԸˣҶа취ǾǸִ㲻ϲװĶôҾõƦķʽԴ㡣
Ȼһ˿ȴҲһš
ҶʦܻܺῪЦ㽻̸졣Цֱɨ˶ͰһۣƺҪסǶ˵ò
ҽ£Ҷʦܶģ׼ǣģǺܿ컹档вκڳ˶˼֪
ҶˣѾȲˣ


270 ɽ
磡ܾôŹĻʮֲʣΪҶ϶һ붼Ƕ衣
˵Щʲôŭ˵ܵܵĻٶҶ칰˹֣Ҷʦܣǡ
ڡҶЦǸǻǻ㲻ʲôֶΣˮڱǡ
ҶƲڳٶȻʲô˼ڸ
ģټ֮ʱһҶʦһľϲſЦЦת䣬ӰҲ˵Ĵӵлȥ
ʱƽϢ֮󣬶Ͱĳһڴǻû˵˸Ҷ˫ٶţ볡Ϊֵˡ
ôҶָϵźɫС֣ɫɣƺղµĶ˵㲻ʲô¡
ûǰȷ֮˵ͷ
ҶʦܣҾǶʱڻǱȥĺã򡭡ɫأȻղŵʱͶһʱѪӿ侲ǾΪϾ˫ٶŸɳԼͷ泩֮ûκκô
ģƾǻκβҶ졣Ҷ쿴˶˵˼˫ֵһᣬǵȷϾֻһүЩ֮вǲԶء
λʦܰΪҲȰһ䣬ǿǲð
ǰǰǲ֪ǵĺݶǵûһֺ³
֮׶ٺʲˡ
˫ٵӰѾʧ֮Уһߣһڿ͵ĵҲڴ˼֣˿̲˶ҶȰ˵̣ϵԿЩ˵ȷǺѣЩȴҪŰͽͽں˫ٶŵ
ллҹģһ£ǸٻᡣҶ˹˹֣ļ⣬ϵ±ϾҪ˵Ĺȥġ
˭ܿҶ̬ȣκ˳Ϲϵ֮ôӶѡ
Ҷ˵գҪͽ˶ٸʧ׷ת뿪æԼȥˡ
ǻһЩҶ쵨˲ȥӷҪҶúȰһſϰݡ
ԴЩˣҶֻεķݶ˼ұϾںģҪǲɣԵԼʶôҪɣ˷ʱ䲻˵ʵеڡ
λʦܰϸһ԰ɣȥϸ㶷ǵġһʮŲƸεĵһҶһĳ˵
Ǻǣллʦֹģû¡ҶĴһͷ룺ǺˣȴǸ־֮ˡ
ƺǷԲڵɣŵ˵ܹƺѡеĵϾûߣˣܹǽĳĶ֮⣬ֻʣΪ˫ٱõ˵
ȰҶѾʮ꣬ϴͨӵķΣüƺɫ˵Ĳܿģĵһǳɣÿ춼ı۸ˣһҲ߲ײʿķΧ
ʦܰʢǺ£ҪиȰ
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ѾӺˡҲѾ׼õֽʽǸҪӵǺã˿Ҷ
Ҷ״˵ͷٶ˹˹֣˿ȥ
뿪;УҶ겻ѣԶųҺǿȨԿӶǿȨԽǿᣬԽš
Ҷ⣬Ͱȴģֻ࣬ҶڳǵС£Ϊ˫ߺҶ쵫ʱڲҪ׳š
ǸǽȥĶܲסϣֻҪڷʡ
ȳԷȥ˵Ҫʦ͵ôҶһֱǰ棬Բûֶܷ˵
ԷԶԶԣԷȥҵһ˫޹صĻͷظ
ԷҪɽѾˣɽڣ̧ͷ˿ɫü˵
ڱסһ㾫հǸˡҶ˵ķƵһֱûܻ
ͰԶһۣӶԷпΣƺڿɲһˣȻ֪˫ٵֶΡ
˫ٵܲƺڣľжƦåκһȡĵӵٶ޷ǣҲܹĹͨиȡҪԭ֮һ
ֻͨӵͨҲȡӦĹ׵ѣҶֵǵĽɫͰǲʲôȴǡ
˫Ȼ裬ƺĿ֮»ûɱ˵ĵӣɽţǿɾɺͷʽóˣ
ҲΪˣͰŻݱܷâ߶ǻãٷ֮ٻֳ
þöûкȾˣ֪λʦ־ΣҶƺãȫûбӰ졣
԰ɡµĻشûҶǺš
ôҶʦǧȶһЩϾѾ£̫ಢô
ҶһЦûлشԳ֮⣬û뵽ȴΪԴֻҲǺЦҶʦܣһұʶʶʲôŽͽ
ҶٶȴЦͰһһĻ٩
˵̬öЩԲλ࣬ϾҲһˬӣݵ˼ǹ󣬰һᣬȥ˫٣Դ̣
Ľ򿪣£ټдк֮˵ȼſ첽ɽ¶ȥֻϽҵһҾһݡ
ɽ·̺Զ·ģһ˭ȵɽΪյ㣬ʤ߿ٴľƾʧ߷ơ
õҶͰһͬ⣬Ҷ̤Ҫǵ̤ƲȡʤӦ¡ǸȾƣ޷Ƕȼ̳⡣
û飬һЦǾͿʼɽ·УҲͬ·
һ׹ԭ϶֪һɽĽݾС·ҲֿƶƵı
ã㡣ˢʲôƺڵĸС·ҲϤɽĴ·ȻתۣҲУС·Ȼ·̽ϽȴΪУ˶δӮ
ûҶûͼֺǣҿľͺá
Ѷɶ֮˸ʩչѧͬɽȥ
Լһʱ֮ɽſڳ˵һӰݣʱҶ졣
ʱ䣬Ǳ֮ĳ֣С·УȻû
ķ֮һʱ֮󣬰ӰҲڳڶǰ
˻ϣ


271 
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缤ܲò˶ñһ꽵١
ԭԽҹĴⰲԭúֵĽֵϲ޼ˣС̯СҲʰ̯λŴδϽؼȥˡ
ɣҶԳԺûʲôҪָ򸽽һҾ
üһۣҵŮ첻ص϶ǲ˰ˮġ
ȥϴȥǼΣͻȻζʲôζһ㣬˫۷
ãƲ˵һ֣ĴͳһתͷҶ졣
Ҷʼ̯֣νĶС
ߣһȣЩȲ
Ƭ̺תֵһҾƹݵǰ
ƹݲǺֻܴһľ¥ĸ֣پƼҡ
˿̸پƼҵĵǳŵģһ¥ĴϯȾƲȭų̣ƿ;ԺȵĿġ
λ͹٣롣С˵ǰк
λôҶüʣǺϲֺĻ
УȻУֻС´ˣ¶Ǯôɡ
ʵȫС￴˵ͣǾƸӣװ׿ƽټ϶ɽʱС·ŪǱէһȷôӵģ
ֻɶСĺ壬΢вá
ֻֻʣż䣬ǮԹ󡭡СҲںⴹУǾƹҲãջҲգǮׯׯĳԺ΢еģĳƺڵһЩﶼǧ˿Ƶϵġ
ж󣿡ڡ
ż䷿ʮˮƷ㡣С˵տƺڵȴ𾪵ı顣
Ϊ󡣡мǴаһپǮǸġ
ǼȻˣ͹ûǮС֮УǮСҲ⣬Ϊƾƺڵ˽⣬Ҳ֪һоƸĴڡƸ֣ǮûǮһӴ磬˵˷ѽ⡣
С¥ż䣬þƲ֮ǲСϾƣʼ
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ȷż⣬һʵƹģСʵ
С͸ŷٿһۣͷ϶ˡ
ã֪ͨһƹɫԸ
ǡСҲ֪һСУиƿɳһֻŵų
ųùغУյ֮ӦƬ̣񶯳򣬴ӷ϶ƺڷȥ

پƴźһʱңսԶʡ¡Ҷͷۻ˿ա
þƹݣ·޷ԼߵĶҶһԸţŶֵҵĿջȥ
Ҷҹ̳ȻЩͷۻĸоʲô󰭣Ҫȣ̳⡣
ҡˡȵץŰ첻ţζЩµϡ
Ⱦ´βܴҶдбԹɫ
ҶЦŵͷʵʦ֣֪ųٶȣ
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Ҷ״ݸڶʱҶУû뵽Ȼе̶ֳȡ
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Ҷشĺ⣬ҲûٶʣҲʲô⣬Ҳö롣
ڿջһ˼ϷҪ䣬ҶԶҪչΪɾܾϲͬ˯ҶǲɿڣֻЭ
ҶʦܰѵԼ˯£ԸĽݣŲҶ
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ķӦҶ֮УҲѡڰˮ븹֮ſڵԭ򡣷Ļưǵһɡ
˭Ҳ֪˫ٵ󡣡ҶشĲ϶˫ٵɵȷ󣬲ҲųѫĿܡ
ǿǺãʧɫɲƺڣûôغ۾ֻҪ˫㹻䣬Ǿǰ
ؾţˮڡ˵䣬ҶΪԼһˮǳһڣЦʦ֣Һ˵ҪһΪηҪסͬһͷѡ
ֱô˿̣ҶĴݲǼ۷Ρ
ȡȡ
ѼʹðӵǣҶʵ˽⣬ԼͶʵ£ֻĶʦѣ˫֣ɼ¾ܵ֡
Ҷʦܣðһ䣬ʲô綨վأҲ˲ô˼ˡ
УͺŮһ㣬˵Ϊ֮һҶȴ⣬˵ֵܣ޷
ʦڡҶ²豭شĺȻ
ʲôȻĿıԵıĵ뷨һʦڣƾʲô˫ټӣ
ʦڣûʦڡҶҲ΢вãû뵽Ȼֱ顣
˼ֻǡ״ɫ̾
ҶҲϾҲǵǴҰΣ֮Щ
ǿ߰ɣҸȫĵطߵ֮󿪿˵
ûҪǸǻǻ㲻ӵĹ򣬲ЪЪţ㾫񡣡Ҷ˵ɵϣһƵɫ
ٶ̾Ƭ̣Ҷʦܣм仰֪
ʦֵ˵޷ҶΪ˱ʾأ
ҺͶʶܾˣ˽Ҳ˽ңһʲôԼ˵𣿡˵Ťͷ𴦣ɫ֮ɫԽŨء
ҶҶʦַģҲûˮҶЦŻشֿ
ǣǡ
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Ҷ˵仰ʱ˿Ĳм֮⣬ҲףҶǰֵܻῪЦ
Ҷʦܣҡ
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ԣþƸϯӵУҲȻƺ㷴ͷѾɢ
ĲǡҶΣ˶ߣȴԱ˵ռߵıˣοѫ
ǺǣϷŪһ֮˼ô˵䣬߽ڵأ˼Բ˵Ҳ㷴ˣʹɡ
ҶϯҶ͡
΢΢иУ֮ǰԼǴ˵еϯ˷Ҷ˵пԼ۶ˡ
˼Ƭ֮ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ȼĵԣ㵽ʲô˭֪˵ҶҶ
ߵҶգ棬ȻԼЩͷĶ
ңʲôС˵ҶҶѵҶ쵹ʲôҪ
ûʱϻظһ飬СүүǾƸҶ죬һλᣬεս¾Ҷ챳ȥһʱ䡣
壡壡
Ǳ˼˴ȶ׷׸ߺ˴ھҶʮ֮⾡ͣһ̼ɨҶĶߡ
СֵܣѡԾһ󡣡߳Σ
ŶظҶ쵹Ҳܹµʲôľ΢о壬ҲһЩ׼ˣֻպٸҸֺ˵ĹҾǵϳһˣ
Сֵܿʣлˡ
˵Ҷ֮üͷ壬ȻӦˣҲܶ˴
硭
ҶҪתθתһ㣬һˡֻδڣȻεơ
СˣҶŭһߣˣǴһĨ⣬һϸ΢ȴ˿֣Ѫ
ȻһɹȴûȡҶöʮְաȻѡ·ֻһߵˡ
ɣǰЩľɵӣ߲ЦһĨһεն
˵úãҶ˲ʧȷֶܹ߱ɣҪֻܹԼĴ⣬ŵˡ
ɿ佱߻Ҳٺ£ƴľǸʱ䣬ܹѱǡ̧ǷἤŭҶ죬ѾȫҪˡ
ҶЦһƵεͬʱٳһƣֱȡͷ­
߲׼ܣֵֵһѼٶдʣˮ޺ۡնϻ꣡


276 նϻ
ˮ޺ۡնϻ꣡
˸ֳ֮Ҷ͵ظоϢ죬ǿʱ仯Σ̤ʩչʮɡ
ʮɾƾնֻգ֮䣬Ҷżһأͬһʱ̣˺ѿĺХɱٶ
Ԫܣ
Ҷʺһ˫ƷһۣɫİͼֳǰâУشբ۶ɡ
飡
ը̴Ҷоһ𣬰ԪܾȻּѺۡ
Ҷüͷ壬û뵽ߵ˻
ϾֻѣĶҶʶ֮£ﴦֻͬʱ򿪣һɫӿֶ˲佫İԪ޲ơ
飡
ڰͼոջָһɲǣһӿ֮УҶٶȻһ𣬶ͣס
ùĵҶͷ⵶쳣ȴ޼ѵˮ޺ۣ
྿Ŀġ
һ󣬰ԪܶʱѿҶ첢ûٶʹȥ̲ΪҶ˵ǼΪĴڣȻעԪ̫ܲ󣬵ɻʡŵΪá
ԪڹѺ󳹵ɢͬʱҶԾڿмα÷λٶȳڶǰ
߽ĿһջأڸղҶֵĹУѾԸϽߣ˿˵ӰѾʧ֮УƺͷĴʯذĳһڴ
Ҷ첢û˵Ŷ߸ղſķɨ˼ۣǹһĨмЦ
߼״üͷ壬ɭĺһ
ʮһˣͬȾƫˡҶֱӶߣƾ֪õϢ
վϷŹǣٶΪļıҶʶƣȷʵߣƾǵٶô̵ʱڸ޷ӵһȫشֻܰķԸʱͼҶһѾ֮ززĴ
һвҶĸ֪λö֪ʹö߽һϣʱ׹ѣ󲻵òѰߡ
֮ʲô취νߡҲֻ֪ôķġ
㲻ҲûŹôҶӶߣɱ
СֵܴдҸղŵȷܲǶ
ΪɵӣҶĻ˵ղҶ컹һ·ôȫûбҪˡ
ôᡭǴӺ˵𡭡װһ޹ģ۽Ĩթȴһš
ϸ΢ı鱻Ҷ쿴ʵҲҪ۲ıͿ֪δֻҪһ˿ܣͲɱҶĻᡣ
ˮ޺ۡնϻꡣҶлζֹһ䣬Цնѳնڣ
ԣߵ϶ʱһ˿ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼϸڡ
ֻǿھѣĵնҸû߷Ͳվ˵ˡԥƬ̣̾˵
ǺǡҶЦߵ鲻˵ѣҶȴΪѡϾΪһϽ˭ûװģı¡
СֵܣԸԾȡ˵ƭ˵¶ͬʱ̧򲱾
ڶ̧һ˲䣬Ҷ켸ʶҪͷ­Ϊ˵ȷ죬˭Ҳ֪ʲôĶУԷ
ҺöߵĶ죬Ҷ֮ǰԼ֮ϣһͷըѵ³
мҪ㡣ҶûȥɱǼҶ޹ϵҪ
뽲ƺһ˿ϣʶȤûԴΪҪȡʲô
˭ӶɱңʵҶжۣΪȫȷһΪãϾҪĻһѫ
˼Ƭ̣̾Ĳ֪ɽǰ£ǼĿġ
Ҷ˵ͷҲûָܹڶϵõ϶Ĵ𸴣ն˵˫ٻûٹӶ˺ˡ
һֵ¶ϸĻʵǵݵλֱǲƺڵĸְ¸Ϊס֮ҪӶˣΪľ󻼣ҼжʧܣҲ׵ɱڽ֤ݻ𡣶Ҿ¶˭ֻһ˵Ļο˵ݣƺڵĴŶ粻ȥ
ǰӹƵ񣿡Ҷջ˼һ䡣
Ρ߻شĺܸɴ࣬ûκ˼Ӳ˵ѡ
ƺڵĵӣҶʡ
ûƺͨӡ˵̧Ҷ죬ȴġ
ԣҶͷмЦһ߿ǿ֣ͨͼ޷һָ룬˼ҶȻǸ߹󣬾Щܱͨȡ
ַѫ֮ҲЧҶ˵ȴôһܹеǵСơ
㣬ǲ֮ˣҶͽȻͬӥסߡ
߻һҶ²ⲻѶȻҲ벻ǣҶһʮ꣬Ȼ
ǼǣҶ״֪²ָ̽˲ڡ
ǡԥվͷ֪Уɽϡĸ˿Ǿݲ֮ͽġ
ȻҶȴûκηӦֻǻͷֵؿڵĻľʲôʣΪ˼Ӳ
һҶĻת̫죬ûзӦ
Сֵϲҿ͸㵱л񡣡Ƭ̺󣬶߻ص
ϲҶ
һеľ籾Ҷмһˣû뵽Сȴϡ
Ǻǣ㻹ڵɵӡҶЦӶ߸ղŵķӦԿ˸ûɱ˼ҪɱһôĻľ
ݵĳĬ֮󣬶߻дӲƿЦ
Ц˺һϵɫͻȻתΪɭֻ鶯ĵûʵҪŪڹ֮Уģ
Ҷ쾲ţߵĲʲôҶ첢ȷ˼ⱲӾû˳ĵ£˳⣬бơ
ҶǰɣֹͣԹ
ҶͷɫҲؼ֣ΪӶߵ˵ô˿̣ѾѡǾƴһ
Ӻãˮ޺ۣնϻ꣡ߺᵶǰָ£ϵͽȻһƾ⡣
롣Ҷ֣أ˿̵ĶͻȻ䲩ʯһͻֵصġ
ն
Ҷ조롱ָ䣬ߵġնֱѾѿڶ˫ָȻ٣ȻһˮĲƵ
ͫ΢Ҷ첻˷ûѡԪֱӻӳһƣױ֮Уնˮ
ôף
ͻУҶͷͻȻһ˿֮У˾뱾ͺܽӼƿԷ֮Ҷͷոһ̣ȻӡԷͷ­֮ϡ
飡
һ죬Ѫͬˮ俪ȻߵȴһĨЦΪѲԴͷ­Ƿ塣
Ѫڿϸÿһε״Ȼͬ⵶


277 ˡ
Ѫͬǧѷļ⵶û뵽նϻĵնȻѪý飬廯ƣ
ৡ
жʱ˺죬Ѫܲ꣬޿ɱܣΨԪܵķˡ
УѪϵļڰͼ֮ϣȻ֮ǰεҪܶ࣬ȴܲסˣһжѪҺҶ첻֪ⳡѪ꣬ûʮҲа
顭
첢ңȴܼĺܣһ̣ҶҲ˲ˣֻȫ֣߳ԪںעԪС
˿̵İԪܣҶϰôѧȫԸһΣͼһɷԲεҶǰڵ޾Ѫ
ע룬ʹý⻪ӵİͼ⣬ֹâӳںϣټĴζССһжǳ֮С
ԪܱǻƽƷѧ˿̿˵ǵؽƷҲţ
ʷǰİԪҶǰתݣâӳ·һ˺׻⡣
ѪɿĽţߴ˿Ҷ첢֪ǰȴûе£ǲϵĴӱѪƺ޾
׺Ĺ֮£Ҷ޷뿪粽ֻܵȴװ͹
ԣ粻ճ겻Ϧ͹ȴ˰ʱŽ
ղŻһİԪѾ޹С鲼ͼ͸ЩСҶӦλӣȻѪģ
⻹ڰԪܵ˴󲿷ǰ£ֱӱѪУ³ô򵥡
Ҷƴ󲿷ּؿں͸ǿܶȣȻƿȥˣȴ󲿷ֻƤ˶ѡֻԭ˵ĸأѪ
ҶʱһʹƵĳ̶΢ӰĶ
Ĳȡһö˵鵤ҶڶƬ֮ȴǽ˿֮ϡ
ҩĭ˿ڣѪֹסҶĹ㣬ҪȬʱ䡣
˿ڣҶתӶߣ˿̶Ѿɵڵأȫ¾ûһĵطƤⷭҶ˵ֲ״Ѫģ
Ҷ̾оһ˿֮⡣
ѧףû뵽޺նȻ壬ΪɱУȻҪԼ
һ㲻ݷ񶨣ҶֻһʦôѪĿ͹ƣ޷ˣڵ³ȶ߻ҰٱҲδ֪
ڷѧҵջǲҶ찵˼һʵɱ߸ΪǿɱаԱӡûʹսȻɹǿҲ˷ϵƣ£ҶһǾǰԪѾܹʤεֵ˾еķشբˡ
һĶʿֻ˫µһöʱӣߵʧܣעҶ´ĶֽǿΪ˫پԲŹһкԼаˡ
ΰԪҶֵܹ߳ļޣɱ޺նȻδȫ湥ƣʣĲѾֳ
⵹ҲԪܽᱻ̭ΪϾÿ˶ǿѧɱк츳˫ս˭Ҳֱðʹÿұ죬һɱȻ
ˣʹ̽ʽһսıȻ̣ԪĶʣպ÷϶̽ʽķЧԴӱ˵Ԫֻתöѡ
ҶĿӶתԶԼʮɿ⣬ܹ˲ģ
Ƭ̣Ҷ첻֪ΪͻȻɺնɱ֮ջĿ⣬ߵɣûиı֮ǰ
һֱתܣ̵ȴٳδƺҪҶڵĵط
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ժǳ⣬תȴͼӦҪԼҪ߶ߵʬ塣
ӱŭɷģ˿˫ɫӣĻǾ壬⾪¶׺ݵĿ⡣
ҶҲֻѰһɾĵط£Ͼ;棬ҾһöƣԻǺƣ֮еġ
ӼҶƺЩжٶҲ죬Ƭ֮ڶߵʬԱߣпʼǣƺҪ
Ҷ쾲ţͷпӦǶߵֶӣʱҶΪòԭ⵶ǲϲΪĸо˱Ͼʮ֮ͽû뵽ʱ̣Ϸ壬ڹһζ˲ò࡭
ϾıȣôҲȲѶѡҶ̾ȺȡĴˣֻٶһЩʹ¡
û˵ȻҲ޻˵ȷǾȡ˵ʵҶ㽫նɱҲͺ֡
Ҷû˵ٶȡ裬̷֮ʼĿϢ
ʬѾѪģҺܶըѵĵطѾ̱࣬Եֻ½ʬ֮󿹸ڼͷ
лϣڡһ׼׵Сֹһ䡣
ҶԲûۣΪԼԵʲô飬ӵҲܾᡣ˵ĶҶижҲʹޡ
ʹҶɱԼ壬ĸмʹͬΪҶ첻֮٣һĹֵ˵
Ҷһۣתȥ
Ųնһ̣ҶͻȻʲôһ㣬ڵȵȡ
ͣδͷ
ҶĿɨ߱ĵطȻһ˸ںڹƶֵֻܹľ
һߡҶûа٣Ȼڼȱѧ˵ǺãҶȴΪС˿ɱɱȡʿɾͱˡ
һͬʱһ˿мɫû뵽ҶӶ֮٣ͷůƺҲࡣ
ڶݵԥ֮󣬵ӲδͷȥʰֻľٶȵлȫӶȥ
ﵱָ̨ǣձر˶
ʱӵӰѾʧ֮Уǳ׵ɢΪʵԭ仰ҶҲֻԼԼһš
֡ҶĬһֻ֣ľʰ
Ȼֻ˫ƴСأʮҡͼֻһƬںڡںȴտտЩҫĿ
֡
ҶŬ鱦ͨҩƪصģݵ뵽һϢ
Ķֵ࣬ȫӦ̹֣ڳιеĸأƷײ̶ڻƽƷؽƷ֮両
ݴҶһƷ׵ܹﵽؽһƷ֮ϡ


278 ͺ
ط;УҶһֱһ飬ֱӻƺڻȥ˻ϡ
뿪ջѾܳʱ䣬ѣȻҶΪ˱ȫǶ˶ȥ˵ʵܹѰԼΪĲǰæֵΣգǸֵܡ֡
·̲Զ㲻ýȫѧе״̬£Ҷ붭ߵ׷￪⡣
һƬ֣ҶкǿԲûгʧ⡣˿ʱ·طΪƺڻǴǱؾ֮·
·;һ룬ҶͻȻоǰϢϢʵĶʦҡ
ѵǡ֪Ϣ֮Ҷͷһ˿ϾɣΪֵܶΣѣͬҲϣԼֵܲԼ
дϣҶĽŲɼӿࡣϢԽԽҶеҲǱԽǿ
Լյ֮ȻԿԷѾܹԼ
ϰף²˵㣬ôôأ
˵ǶЩκ֡
Ǻǣ˶ҵĻΪ˱ȫǵĻгίͲޣô˵ֻһ˶ѡ뵱屡ӢۣѵǴ
ңǴҲֲ˵Ͼ񲢷ȫΪԼѾǳܡ
ǡϰףҲǸ˼ҾǸоҲΪѣ˵ʵ԰ЩȴҲ⡣
ˣңҲͲȥˣ˵ĺǼЩ
ĬƬֵ̣ȷ˲ƭô˵ģҶʦֻʦܹĶʦ
仰һڣʱˣֻŭ㻹ҪǲҪԾ
ҵķӦŵһβ֧֧ĵ˵ʲôءֻǵġ
˹ϵϾܺã԰Ҳûмջ𣬶ѡǿѹŭ
̾һ֮󣬰ģ˵˵ѡ
ҶƺдšԭضǶ֮Ҷ첻ڣ׷֮°ԭί伫Ҫ̤ѰҶ·̡ɵǣǳʱ˵ʱպصĳһ˲֪Ϊαֶߣ󲻵У˵˹ҶϢöͰһ·˴Ѱ
Ҷ̾һаȻѰ໥֮ĹϵѾһ޸ѺۣãԺͰദΡ
ˣһһɡҡҡͷҶʩչ̤֮󣬾Ѿɲ
ͰʵĩֻƺڵӶԣֵطԶĶʦʵҲǶˡ
ԣҶɷΧ֮ʱǱҲʼи֪ʵճǵĸ֪Χﲻ֮ԶԭҶŴԼϢΪǸһӳʱ׼üΡ
ҶʦܣЩۣ׷Ҷ֮͸оҶһѣǵ׿תȻֻ֡Դ˷֪Ż˾ȡ
ûлشֻͷɫӡ
ҶӰ֮ڣǺĵĸ˴к
ʦ֣ʦ֣
ҶʦܣȻ㡭ЩϽǰȥû˵ǽϡ
㾹˵֮أ´ҶһֻؿڸһƬѪ죬ȥǺˡ
㡭û°ɡɫҲеǣȴ˼ֳΪϾЩڵɡ
ǿµôҶ쿪ЦЦȻΪ˿֮ģַΧ˭ҲܷĵЦó
ҶЦĺǺˬް˼򵥣Ű֮±ûʣȴĿҶһۣϲɫء
ҽôս˵ġҶѰһɾط£һĺ˷ܡ
ʦʵͬһʵĶ֣ɲһ׵顣
ȻȻǲ֪ѪĴڣǾֻһԭ򡪡Ҷѧš
ҶĿǰҲֻܹΪ֮󣬶óϷҶοЦ
Ҷ֮Բʵ棬ǲĶƷΪг࣬ͷȣʵȱٸŵġ
û°ɨ˼Ҷ츹ƣһϸխĵˣȻȥûƤ֮ⷭ˾󣬵Ϊӵȴܹ˿ĺܣһ㣬жҶĳӡ
˵û¾û¡Ҷװͣ󻰷һתʦ֣żһƺЩͷ곤ʶ㣬ҿʲô
Ҷղһֱţ°ΪԼԹ䣬Դ˷һÿУ̱ϻ⡣
ȷЩ˼ȴҶ죬ΪϾԼʧ˵䣬ۣҲš
û뵽Ҷ쾹ȻԼ̸лã֮ǰվЩ⡣
ŶɻĿҶ졣Ȼڿѹֵĸо
ҶǺһЦӻȡһɢŴڹ⣬ǵµֻľ
ɶһﷱۿ
ڴ˿ĻƿΣͬһ㣬Զûܵһʱ뵽Ȼһľ
𣿡ȻΪһӡ
ӣ뷨΢ӽ
ľϵġҶͣٵֻǾô⣬ȴ֪
ʵҶûָܹǶ˿еõ𰸣ֻһͷ嵭ζѣҶֻľĲʣҶжۡ
̹һڵ
Ҷͷ΢оȣû뵽ȻǸʶ
Ϊ̹֣Ҷ֪׷ʡ
ҶǸ̵ɫԸаΪһ˵ﲢϿ㣬̡ǹеġʡҲǽһ߶ڱһϿɵǰ֮ϡ
һ£ôشǿ϶ģٷ֮ʮŵ˶ᣡ
̫˵һֱȽϺĸࡣ˵һ٣һڱȽϺࡣ
ѵ֮Ҷͷ룬ɫȴ¶ɫЦȤȻʦʶǾˡ
Ҷ˵⣬ȴֻľķܹһͳ綨µ˵һˡ
ôСæֻ֣ľȻûҶ˽͸Ҳ֪϶һĺ
ʦֲỹھ֮ǰ¶ɣҶЦţһ̵顣
״ü̾һҶ⣬գǾ൱Ҷ컮ޣѾЩڣȻٰ¡
ֻȻһЦҾ͹˵ʵĺΡ


279 Ͼ
֮ѡ˷ƺڣΪҶķ˼֮£µγԼϡ
ִɽôᷢô顣˫٣ǿҲ£ֲηǿȨĵɲ˭ܹӵеġ
صƺںҶһֱƽΪƸ״ӣ˫پͨ죬ҲܵƸҶ鷳ڶͰǸ벻˫ٵķۣƽ¡
ɽ֮Ҷ˫ٵϢѴΪҶѣһʱھƸĵλȼ־ǵ״ӣʮֿĴкȻ֮ǰȴǴδġ
ڰڼҶͶҲ̽ΣȻҲ֤ΪҶѣܵӰͶȴҪСܶ࣬ΪϾǲƸӣҶȻ죬õĻǾƸ󱾸ѡ
Ϊ˰ͰҶ˷¶ĶࡰܡЩʱգȻʱƣܶ˵ĿпʼˡҶΪ˫١֮Ҷ첢ںΪһǵʲôӲ˵˵ܶ϶ģοЩ˻ֻ޶Ʋ⡢Ѩ硣
һоǽһµʱ䣬ʱҶżͶȥƸߡȻȥʱϾƺϾϱ
Ƹ¡ɺɺÿǰҶ춼ͬ;ƺһµʱദʶ˵£֮ǰĹϵͬӶѣڣҶмǿˡȻºɺɺŮӵĹϵ͸ˡ
ݵʱǺܿ죬ڶ̾ʱգ۷ţһʱķϵʱҶȴѾʵĶʦڣҲֹˣھƸͨѧеķѧƣҶҲѾյһĵز
ΪؽһƷȻĿǰвԪᲢۣҶѧò̫ʱ䣬ƵһзһʵķԾ
һµʱ䣬ֻҶƵѳ׻ָƺҲø˿̶ǰס·ϣĿٶȾСѡҪһһġ

ʱ£ٽʼתȣӶϲоޣһ·ϲδʶ֮ˡ
ôݲǡƺͻȻͣסŲһƵĶҶ졣
ҶΣƺĶáѡѶе
У֪˰ɡҶæĿڣɲԸ;ƺ顣֮ҪȺ˳֮Ϊѣֻһ˵Цѡ
ãҵ˼½㲢ܽкѣ㰮ʲôͽʲô޹ءƺٶŲҶ졣
ҶֱҲٺϻһ·Уǻ϶ŲƸ
ڲδУԴԼڰʱ˲ŸϵƸ󡣵֮ҵԼºɺɺһ˺ƺƵƺڵĹ㳡
һµʱԻޱȣ֮ѾԼһ·˵Ц֣պò֡
Ǽ뿪Ƹؾʱ˵ЦеҶȴͻȻ¶쳣ɫŲϿθߴİͼסΡ
ˣҶˡͬöһ鶯֮Ůӡ
϶ôôʱղӭһõǱУûκε⣬ΪûûΡĽꡣ
ҶεɨһۣѽĵطȻʱϡƽΪִԸôݵõкԼΪѣһҶ˼Ļ¡
ϼ·;ңԶ⻹Ǻò׸ϻء϶˵俴ȴ¡
Ҷ޿ɱܣӭǰҶʲôֻǸպߵǸλöѡ
ҶĽƱ磬϶ֻǿЦЦһЪֹͷʵûң
һ˵ʱչĴ
ڡɽУ϶̹ȻЦҶ죬·ڵϸƵһĻ
϶󣬶ԼϲҶҲӲŤ֮£Ҷ쵽ԵüΪʱҶ컹Щͷ֪ӦԣʱһҲܽһרſ϶ķ
˷𷴹ʱֻ̣Ҷ쾹Ҳɫ糣һЦ˵һȥ
ԣ˶Ϊ֮һƬ̹϶Цͣз׷֣˵ʲôģ֮ĻŮװŭҶ³꣬ϧ
϶µĹϵܺãÿξۻᶼһμӣһ϶ĹϵҲʮ׽ֻʱ϶ͻȻ伣˵ǻϼ̽׻أڴҵԤУλûдķݶ
ȻѾôּжȻٲ
ȥ϶һģ
µǶԴ˿ģԼǰޣʱʱꡭ
ȻҪȥôС϶ЦŻش𣬶ٶȿҶ죬Ȥǲرͬȥʵʵ˵ҪŤŶ
Ҷ˫ִʮΣЦһ飬ܹܲһȥ
ܡ϶ʮֿʻСŮŤ̬˷ЦǷ񲣬мµƣҲѹǶԽϵ
ˣϿ߰ɣˡԴͬѰŮӣҶĺΣ˵ʵЦ֮ʱͷȴɳȻ
ߡ
ɫѾ磬ȻЦȴûег̣ɫպڣڸϵ˽ȡĹ㳡
˿̹㳡ѾӰϡ裬ΪʱκõȻѾȡʣµĶǱģ·;ңԶǹ׵㽱ٵĿ߻ʲôѶȣ֮Ҫӵĵ񣬿²̫ܡ
Ϊ󣬵ʲõĿѡΣֻһ˫ĿƣķſɹȡΪ׵
»ȡʲôҶ첢ģڹĵһ£һ·һֱûлῪڵ顣
ιҶ϶֣ʮֲò
϶ȴ⣬ȻһЦı˹
ʱദȻҶǿһ޿ɱܣҶҲٻһЩ߰Ľ϶ܹܵõҶѾ֮ǰǰų⣬ѾֳŽѵơ
϶ںҶ˵ʱŲõ΢Цݣ󷽡
Цƨ㡣Ҷһߣں϶˵ʱ᲻Ҳǿװһԭ򣬾Լ֪νʵһ㶼ס
Ц㰡ôǲҪң϶һ˿ҶĿŷϡ


280 
϶ƣҶϰΪŭһۣ󻰷һתɫ˵ʵɽ׸ʲôȥˣ
϶Ҷ֪ģΪѪĳɱ֯ƺڵɱ֣ĿԲò˼ҶƺڵĸȻûЧĵزҲ֪ȴβܡ
ȻиҪһ㣬ƺʲôʵ˵ƾ϶һŮӣҶɲ뿴Ѱ·
ȥʦ˰þûЩ϶СǰͷҶ컺ں档
ģҶ첢Ǻţ϶龫֣ϲЦ
Ȼǡ϶һЦƻİٺϡ
ҶһΣüʵġ
Ŷ϶ҶתƺеССί
״ҶͷȻһ˿̣תȴԼѹƣЩ⣬ǲɽϰǲ߻ɱȥˣ
϶ʮָɴĵ˵ͷûκҪ˼
ܡҶ˵ƺʲôһ֮󷽲ٶȿڣǲܳɹģΪƺʲôطƾҲɴɱҷûǴɱҲҪǸϼΪлỹʵ
Ҳ¸˵ҸǾƸһλ۵ĳϽ֣ʵֱ֮֮ӮôȰ㻹Ǿ
Ҷһ˵һѣ˵֮϶һɸֵģ
ҵȻӮĹѽ϶Ҷ죬һ˫鶯ĴģΪˡ
ƨɣıˣְɡҶ֪ڿЦЩǲԾ¶
ڡң϶¶־ԵЦݣеŮеֻζ
ԣҶͽȻ˼ԼղžȻԾ˵ô໰ղŵƺнǺǼ
ΪƺھƸӣѪΪҶ˵ձڣѪˡ⼸ֵķЩˡ
Ѫڶˣ϶˫ĿͽȻˮģֱί顣
ҶȻƱ磬ڰοŮӴ޲ߣ϶⣬Ҷް취ֻ̾һ˺ˣȥʹһϰɣӦѾӹˡ
ȥɣҲȥˡ϶վδЩ⡣
ԴҶʶ϶ʹδ϶ѹʱһûûι龫ֵģǽ죬Ҷһ֮ԾȻļᣬķʹҶͷûɵһʹ
УҲȥҶ찵ҧʹѣ˼֣ȥ»ϲ϶
ȻȥǱЩȥˡҶװһɫתȥ
һ
Ϊλ˵ҶѽŲŵĺûд϶
Ĳ岽
ˣҸղŵĻ˵̫ˡҶͷ

ˣҲǹģҶתһ֮ڽͷ
˿϶ĨᣬҶ컰̧ͷڼҶǸѹĹŹɫ󣬵ʱΪЦ
ҶٶΣԼûסҲζŴһ̿ʼͷķشբѾڡ
ǷˣϽ߰ɡҶ֣̾󲻵϶ϱתΣ˶ȥ
϶һᣬıĿ첽ϡ

˲֪Ѿ߳ԶڻصʱѡѾڴ˵ȴҶ϶һʱ䡣
˻طȷѣŭҶ죬СӸȥˣ
ɢѡҶ飬һ·ûк϶˵ǲϵзǴԼС˪䲻ԼžȻ׵ı㱻ƣǲһʼȱµı֡
Ҷ첻϶ҲܰȻԽҶоͲξĴڣһǰδеĽ֮С
ƺҶ˼̾˿˼Ƭ̣ƺ¶ʲôһ㣬ᶨĵ¶ҸˣҾС˪Ҳᷴԡ
ҶͽȻһ£֪
ôҸ˵Ĳô±Ҷ쿴ĺܲڣεıͷȥ
½㣬˵ʲôҶڿڣǾȻҾԲС˪£
ҶһǰȻһ̾Ϣͺ
½㣬ֻѣȻϲҶ죬ʲôġ϶ǿջЦװһģ
еյʱùΣ˶֪˵ʲôΪãԭֵĳ棬һ˲
Ŀ϶һۣüķǡ
϶ÿɷЦһ£ЦΣϲҶ죬ֱ֪ԼϲҶ޾ĥԸΪҶҶ졣
ˣ˵ˡ̾̾ȴֲһӵʱ˭ҲֻϲһˣϣǺúÿǣҪ󱧺
»˼ԣȻ˪Ľ㣬ȴΪϲһдϲҲһҪרһܳõ顣ǸԶֻҪϲͬʱϲʮܹ֤һͬʵĺǻҲûʲô֮
ҶһֺγС˪ڰȻվԼߣôԻԥĽ϶ʵˣС˪·δ֪ҶʱͱŮòűˣԼ޷ԭԼ
ˣĲҪ˵ˡҶһת£ǿЦ½㣬һʲôѶϵ̫Ͱɣ
ٶֻ̾˿˭óҶǿջЦǲ֪Ҷеʹֻ࣬Ϊѡᡣ
߰һƸɽ룬̾һˣûٻΧաƺＫãϽӹͷףռȥҶ졢϶£пܱˡ
Ƹ
ûզˣƺһ㵵Ҷ졣
Ǻǣ֮£԰Ҷипһǰոնɱ˻ƸĶߣ˵ӣû뵽գȻҪ̤ϰγƸ̡
ʲôɣ˽ԱҶĺǲ⣬ʵ
ҶοЦ󽫵֮¼򵥵ĸһ顣
֮ԸɺϣǷ׷׸п
զ죬ǻȥȥƺҶ첢ԻƸ֡
ȻҪȥնתҶ죬ƸĴΪΪʮֶӣ֮ѡΪһ㣬ɲҪǵıԻˡ
Ҷͷ㲢¿⣬úܡǵȻֳһ棬ǱϾˣʳӣ֮ҲЩܴһˣֻ֤ТĶѡ
ТľͿɺô
Ȼ۲
ߣƸ
Ҷͷ֮󣬾ƺ˷ܸߺһɽֱƸȥ


281 Ρ
ɽŵʱɫѾģĿԲʮɡ֮ʱգǰҹʱ֡
ʼûнʳ˶оԼ˷֮Ҫ˷ʳԺȡ
ϯ䣬׵峿̣ȡ֮ǰ֣Ҫйҹ
ϯų˰ʱλŮӲϲȾƣϯ;ƺȾƱ˼̳ҶͶ㣬Ƥֱ˯
ϵܣһ̳΢⣬žƺļ˵
զأ˵һ̳ʮ̳Ҳ㣡ƺЩֲ塣
˿ǺҹҶ˫ۣʵҲͲסҪΪƺͰȾ̫ģǵĺȾνǺȾƣϯһȡ޷ϻȫȻҶͶɼˣȴƫƫöȥ
ҹĲ˯˭˭ⲻ˯
飡
Ҷһη׼˯ʱ򣬿ջĵȴͻȻһ߿
СҰϷ
˻δȴջ˵ɤĸߣҺ˼ɣ˿ǿջǷ˯ƾһɤӣ˵ҿջԱǼҵסҲҪѼ֡
ҶȻҲѣüſڿȥ
Сأ
һֻںڳѥԸƺʮּ꣬δݾҪС
ˡС˯˵ʱβӦס͡
С˵䣬Ѿݡһδ󺺣һá
ƸˣҶһƤľƺɻʵ
ƺۣǴϸƬ֮˵ͷûȷƸͷǡ
õƺȷϣҶٶȽĿתϡƺѾһ֮ãƸǱ˵ƸҲʱ߶Ƹ˫ٺҶһ˽⣬ΨƸⳤʱҶûд
ңҶ컹˵Ƹǹ̥ܰԼй٣ϲЩΪִ顣
ȷЩйٵǱʡҶջĿ⣬а
󺺴˿Ѿÿջ˱ǿһԲϣںҲ׷׽ݣá
ǵķͳһģǽãͼͼֻǰһ
˵ǵķεҲرƸͼĵƻ߽ƣƸȴɵƣ幤˵ã˴һһѹֵĸо
Ρ磬˵ƸǰôôأƸȣһ˶ΪǴ󺺵衣
ߺߣ񣿱ʺΡĴ󺺲мЦ뿴˼ۣתӿջãߺƣСϾƣ
ඣ
ôСӦ֮󣬴󺺱ٶȺ
ĵĻ⼸ȫΧŵƸչҶǲ֮ʣȻҶĵȻ˫٣Ⱥ˫پ֮ͬڲ죬Դ֮Ҫ׽ù鰸˼
һᣬҶǴ󺺵Դе֪֣֣Ρ
ЩɽκȻơҶţʵΡ֣Ρʵ̫Ѿŵ˯ȫޣ֮³˵ѡ
˵ģôȥ¥ˣզģ˰ΡЦŲߵ
ȣž̳ײһȥʧΡĻͷ
Ρ΢΢üһۡ
˿ҶڿĿͶҶԺƵĿ⣬ͬʱ΢΢ͷǴк
ϾͬʱһڣżкΡȴ˿ûҶֱѡӶ
ĿҶɨͣҶǸϡ
ž̳͹࣬ЩƹƣǺ˰ȴδľƺ
㿴ɶƺܵΡĿ⣬СƢߥ£ʱ¶á
ƺһڣҶͷ㿩һ£ƺԾƵΪпܸ˫һսҶ쵹´ܣϾͷĴܱ⻹ǱĺãҼŮӣȻǶѧվǶһ²һס
ҶͬͶĳΡ֮˾ɫȻ˭Ҳ벻⿴ȥҲʮһ꣬ƢȻ˻𱬡ⲻſΡ̫Ҳô
һۣ׷дΣѵ״ӶôԣԵþ͵ôܣ
жʱĬһɽ¥ѹָһ
ΡüžƺһĽȴǺ˳ϣֻΡ³֣Ȼûеıŭֱתͷȥͬ죬ƺ¸ûзһ㡣
ûɶ
˿˵ԺвͣĻصƵľƺд㵣׻˵Ρ˴ֱΪƢº͡
ʦôˡƸļҲﷺֹΪƸϯӵΡ˫ٶҵΪһССȴͻȻˣⲻϳ
ƺҶƺʹ˸ɫʾһΡǡȲ˵Ȼõݣȷǣ͵Ʀåʲô
ȥƺѣΡڽ֮ͳɤӿǵľƺķⲻǼֱǳΪе뷨Ǽƣֱ˫Ϊֹ
Ҷü˾ƺۣвпѵԯƺɾƣӺȵСƶ֮Ȼ
ˣ㲻ȥȥҶ̾ƱΡȥ
±Ͼܾôˣպ˼һ˵ƸӶһȺƦå֮޽ơ
λʦ֣ʦӣղŶð벻ҪϡҶ˫ֱֳơ
ʲô˼һƸ氡
湻ĵġǺǡ
Ρû˵Ƹļ¶޵ĳȻǵȴʲô֮
λʦˣʦСֱʦţ״ΪʦֺҶٶյɺǫ顣мǿþƸĨڡ
ˣҲƽϣû뵽Ҷ쾹ˣǺǣʧ͸ΡӹҶеľƱһɺİ˰֡
Ҷһºʲôϵ
ȵȣʦԣºʲôϵҶһɻȻͷ
ʲôʲôϵΡüӦƬ̺θʵҶ죿
ûҶ졭ҶɻΡԼ˼
㵱Ҷ죿ΡȻ̫ţɨ˾ƺֽۣĿƻҶϣһͨȽϡ
Ҷ졭¶ƭҶοЦ
ǡΡָžƺһԻ󲻽⡣
ҽоƺأҪܰƺڵվһŲȷһ̤ϵʣСƦš
һȥûպͻëСӳΡһڷŭ


282 ̸
˵˭ǻëСأƺ˿ָΡ
ҶһƲãϽм䣬ͷŭӾƺȥ˯
˯ƺƢ͸ϻţһ㡣
ʦ֣ʦ֡Ҷ⣬ᡣ
˭ҲңҽǺһܲɣȻƺ߱Ҷ쵲סⲢ赲Ƶľġֻһ˦ֱۣΡȥ
ΡмЦ˵һƺǰҶƸĸ˼һҲ벻Ƹϯӵķۡ
ƺˣҶЩãƺԸʵӣֻиɫܽס
ȻƺҶĺǳ⣬ͷͣоԪ
Ҷ̾͵̽ƻƺ󾱡
ƺܵһƷڱϮ֮±ܣһ߶ʿܹùҶĹһ󣬾ƺѾҶεء
ʦ֣ʦ֣ЩϢɡҶǰƺĶһ䡣
ãӡ˵ԣ˵Сģ;ȴֹ
ģҲʦĶѡ˵գҶΡԵĿλ֮ϣƱٶȾơ
ͰԥƬ̣˾ƺ¥ȥˡ
ʦּ£ʦܡҶٱǲ
ûû£ܺһëСƽϡΡһ֮ˣ̸϶Ծƺݼڡ
ǾͺãȸΪҶˬһЦ׶ΡͬһҶġ
˵ʵʦЩ죬֪Ҷ֮ǰΡ˵Ľ̸˺ߵȫһʱֻоޱȣȴ벻
ȻΡƸϯӣ˽ҶĻͷԺ
Ҷһѹֶ죬ԭ˱Ǹųơͱ족Ƹϯӡ
Ǿʦִ׹Ҷ칰˹֣Ȼɣȴ֮ԡ
ΪҶУΡȫȨƸ񣬶Ƹ̷˽ʲôݣֻҪҷ£ǱȻ⡣˫پУ³涼޼¡
ߣץһβƸط磬ֵȴһʱһʱ䶯ƺڣȻþƺ֮۵Ϊ֮ǡͱ족ĴºţҲɴ˶
ƺڵʱѾʮ꣬ͷҲǰټͱ⡰ĺ⣬ƺڵӾȻֻ֡ǵƸһ˽ͱĴ󺺡
ǺǣҶ찡ΡҶĿޣʵ̫࣬ԴѾľҶ죬Ǹ˫ٵôһֺеĸоⲻǰҶʵ
ʦЦˣҶвգõôεѯôҶҲ΢вãȻΡΪˣ֮ԴǫԭȴǾƺǸӻʧΪʦֻ֣εĸʰ̯ӣܲƾƸˡ
ƺоҶĲãΡһЦĻҵмˡ
ΡҶ첻ø벻ž˾ᣬͺҶҪͽʸƵġ
뵽Ҷ첻ЦһʦСܲˡ
šΡϽסҶ죬ЦҶʦĪҪֻʦĴ˵̫࣬ʵڷֱ治׼
øղ˵ҾǰǻëСӵˡ
ʦʲô˼Ҷ챻ΡȰλһ
Ҷʦܴ̫аˣ˵ʮңƢ꣬ʵֱԯʦҸղէһΪǻëС㡣ΡһߺˬЦһ߳Խ͡
ҶԻȻԴ˫ٹȻ֮ͷͬװ˲ʱƺը죬㿿ףʱƣԱ㿪ʼζˡΡ˵İ汾ҶҲδһ£Ϊӵİ汾˵ʲôҶ˫֮սƺۣ֮ȥΪԲŻơ
ǺǣǸʦܣʦ谮һЩҶŪԭ֮ҲЦԵ
ֹһЩֱ̫ӣ˵ʵٴһЩҰ㣬Ҳ顣Ρ˵ٶȶ˱̧ʾҶһ
Ҷ棬ЦˡðʦΪ˸߿Сܡ
Ҷʦܰ㲻ֹ֪Ǵʦ磬ʦҲмءһƸЦŲһ䡣
ûС˵һ㶼٣ʦ˼ˡΡ˵ͷԸղ˵ͬ
ǺǣҾ͸ˣСܺεºܡʵҶµõΪΣΪ˫ٶŵ飬Ϊ˵õ֤ܲԼ˵ɣĻɾеҹԴˡ
ҶʦĪҪǫҸΡƺֺѾ޾ƣһߺСС
Ҷű˯ǸϽԼûкľˮȡΡ˾ˮٺһݸҶһ
գΡٶȿڣʮֻ꣬ʦ佱ˡ
˵һ٣ˣȻ
Ρ˵ĪҪĥ䡣
ӵëʱܸİΡ磡
ǰǰ
һƸӷ׷ױԹȴҲܹ֮ĸܺáϯӿɲѫǰݡԽӴ
ٺ١ΡЦһǷƺĪʦ˵ˣͨ쳹֮ܣֱ
˶ʱһƬɨõ԰ڣľƺͷ˭˲Ե̾
Ҷ첢δ壬ֻǾЩĽûѫЩʲôһҲܹദԯˣھƸ˵Ҳһ¡
𳳣˵ڶΡһЦüëʶ˼¡Ƭ֮󷽲ſڣڶôƺڳɫĵӣ֪˭ô֪ô
֪˷׷ҡͷҶҲ¡
Ĵӣ˭ΡЦҰ
ҶҲǲݸΡȻ˵ĿţóɫҲԲΪƹƺڵȷǰ޹ˡ
𳳣𳳣ܳ񣡡Ρŭ˵ɫȴͻȻתΪ֣أҶ죬Ҷʦˡ
ңҶȻԤϣΡ׿˵ͷһ
ԼȻǸ״Ͼ½ӣԼȻУõȷ̫ס
û㡣ΡĿȶҶ죬ʦ˵ˣлᣬҲҪƸ£


283 

˶һЦΡ˵ȻЩţȴԱƸҶİ֮⡣
ʦ̧ˡҶ˰֣ǫ
̧ƺڣҲƵʢˡΡ˵ʱĴͬʱٶȺ𣺡ССϲ˰
Ҷ״ݸΡ˴ӽݵڣ˵͵һС֮⻹һûѡҶģС޷Ǽ˸ɣƸϯ˵ȷЩˡ
ʦ֣ҵһ¡Ρ꣬Ҷɫ˵
£ΡҪƲ֮ҲٿƣץнʣļŻʳ
Ҷ쿴Ρľٶ΢΢иУ˿ȥȴЩϸ˼ܲס
ν˫ٺεºܣΪ˶ǣѵΪ丸ǵƸҶʵ
Ρ¶мɫӵ޵ܣûϻǹƨ磡
ݶΪѵ֪ҶʣƺڵʱӡֻأôܼףɵƮ٣
ԣ֮ĴƸĵλԽͻԳΪΪԵǿƣǲ֪½ӣὫΪ
֮ͨ쳹أ˼ܶΡ̾ж֮⡣
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úˣõҪһСĲãǺǣǾֻʧܵԶʧ˼䡣
뵽ɫأһɭɱͽȻӿ


287 Ѫ䣨
ɱ˲Ұ֮䣬һɵѪʼС
ҶŲδͣнɫâԽԽʢͬʱһĨת֮С
ǾĿһƽҶ죬ǸЦ뻢ڶѣ϶޷ƳȻװ򶨣
Ȼ뷨ոһ̣Ҷ챡΢һߴ͸۴
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ɤѪ֮ͻȻһƬ⣬һ죬Ͽʼ˾ҵ
ȻһͻȻıͷֱ
ôܣѪɫѾʼֹѣȻȴδҶκεĹٶѵƾһ־Ϳ
ѪɫڼҶȴףҪ׻ϣҪٲһơ
Ȼ٣ƿ񺷻ӳźȻ죬Ѫɫϳױ޴ĳȻٶȽΧڵķΧϯ
ȻĿϾͳǿߣսΪݵ֮Գ黮һأα˶ȥ
ߣҶһǽĵϸѾȻأԴ˷ûٶ㣬ѡ԰ԪӲӡ
Ķ˸İͼ˲֣֮ͬʱڳƵУ
ȻԶԶﲻͳ綨ˮ׼ʹҶһͣҲͳ϶ȻƮʮ֮Զľ룬ҳ״Ӿл
һδܽҶͣסΡղŵıѣΪľǴһֲ»ȻʧȥûҪ׷ʹ򣬷򲻵ʲôõЧΪ׷ԶԷץסᡣ
ôģû̶ֵ˼ֻȤĶҶ죬йâ˸
Ҷ챻ԵɵʵһȻûжֵĺʱг䵹ҲûлҶƾԼϽĻᱻԷթȥʲôõġ෴ģܹǵĿѰҵһ˿˵֮ơ
ʲôôģҶ⽫Цܹôô
ɫһȻһܰЦˡɫֻһţΪҶ̫ĺ棬ֻκٶȷʡ
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˵ˣһʱ̣ڿǶһ٣ЦڿǺǣûǸҪˣ
䣬趯ˮһĲơ
֮ľʮɣǲûʹѧ˵Ҷ췴Ӧʱ仹ԣ
ǰʮɾ룬Ҷϸȷʹõڽѧ֮ǰƵԭʦѣνֻܷӳʵһ롣
Ҷû
֮䣬ѾʮҡҶδ۲Է֮ûʹѪ䵽ʲôԭ
ԭ㣬һΪʦʵѾ㹻ɱҶ죬ֵĿԺСΪѾ֪ҶʵԲֹĶʦѣӦòдǾѪȻɣҪ߼ȴҪĳЩ裬ҶĴڣǲɡ
˼Ǽ䣬Ѿʮɾ룬಻ʮɡ
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̤ٶȲ׸һֱҶɱñϡȻֻ̤֮˸ա
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һնڵأ϶ʱȻУߵ޴ۺȻ֡
Ҷʮɿ⣬˼תӲƴȻδػܣܾ˵ľԸһЩܾȴܲ㣬ΪΡȻˣȻʱû֮ǣȴҲҪʱľΣʲôû˿Ա֤
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ҶովȻ֮ͬ׶βг˺һ

֮Ҷ첻㣬ָ䣬һɷԲԪжʱǰ
޴ɢ˺ΧһУҰʯ췭ɣһЩԴĴʯ֮ǿ
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һĨҫ۹âͽȻİ˲䱻˺һѷ죬Ѹգ֮ʧ١
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ųתԭǻĹ⻪Ȼñֻգۣͬһ㣬һɺ֮ӿ֡
ڹ⻪֮Ʋ֪ʱѾһѪڣѪǿдʣǽյ˫֮ϣüУһǳǳӡ𽥱ʵ
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鱦ͨصɱɱôҶĿ˸˸ɱɱƪȻδϸо򵥵ķĻйģɱɱļأҲм䡣
νɱɱؼϡвϻɣɱΪɱΪǱǱﶼãһͬʣǾ䱾̺Īܡһڳ
ȻǰɱɱƷһҪߣǰѳƷҲҪﵽؽ֮ϣ޷ܹʦ
䣡
Ҷ˼Ǽ䣬Χųչ쫷ѾԱӡȴĹСӼ䣬ҶԼͼͳײľ
Ҷ컹δüϸ۲죬˼㱻һ̶Цϡ

Ĺâӳ˴Ƭռ䣬ˣģУҶȴһѪ𽥱Ũ


288 Ѫ
飡
Աӡڳ״͸쫷ײڽ֮ϣȻУΧĿ͵һԳΪģܡ
˿̣ڳâ֮ѪӰԽŨѾֳΡ
Ҷ첱΢Ļ뵽ͺûɵĺɷµǴмƣµòνѪһɣȻַı仯
ĽھҵţϷ졣
νɱ̺ܵıͳơǵѳΪһĳ˵ǳסԱӡʦ綨ͨͨһҲԽϡ
Ҷע쫷еĳΪâ̫ʢȻѪӰѾֳΣâۣҲ޷۲ꡣ
ңԱӡȻûܴݻٳôֻҪʧȥǣôһסֻҪסǵһӲҶ۾
ȻƬ֮һֻѪˮ۶ɵȻ˽
˻ҶѪˮƣƤ޹ǡ⡭
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ϹâҲͻȻ糤ˮ񵹾أֻգ۵ʱ䣬ԭ֮ĹâȫڽٶȻָ֮ǰˮ͵Ĺ⻪
⻪ɢ쫷ҲͽȻɢҶ뿴¶ȫĿ
ǰһȫѪˮɵġˡ佫֮Ϊˣ˵һ壬ΪĴ¹ֶͬ졣
֫ͷȻҲֻЩһƬģļѪߣȫµĶɺѪҺѪҺתͷŵѭȲɢҲиɺ̣ʼձ״̬
ǣҶ̽Եĺ֣֪ԷܷشΪѾ޷ȷѪǷ񻹾ǵǺ˼ά仰˵ǺпѾΪѪ˼ѡ
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СӣˣѪɲÿ˶ܼġŲûٵѪϴЦ
Ҷû˵ǵĻ˵Է˼άһ˵˼άܳҶ죬һֵģΪ㣬ܱȱɷҪöԸĶࡣ
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ǺǣѪ䣿㿴ԼӣȷⲻѪа䣿Ҷȶ֣ΪԷʵ̫죬ȻпԼֱ뱻ܱȲóȻҪһЩ
ǰѪˮѭڲȥĵطһΰѪմȾ
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ҶԱǰҶû˿˽⣬ҲԷʹѧͻȻϮҲҪܽ߻ߵնϻǰ㣬ɢѪУ֮һжδ֪һҲпܷ
˵ľԽԽѾʮɣҶԽأн⡣
ǺǡٶЦͬʱųֻѪֳ䡣
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һƺû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼʳ⡣ʲôϵֻмЦûٵϷ·ֳһ˿Ѫ辭ǺǣֻѪڰɵЩĶˡ
Ȼ͵ĲϸҶҲԼһЩߡ֮ڷΪںѪڣѪھȻֹһɣѪ辭ǰɵĻѧѣѪа䶼ҪѪ辭ܿ
ʹˣȡ׼˫ֳϣֹҶɿ⣬ƽָ̣ҶĿڡ
аȣҿѪ䲻ǻƽаѣֵôҶеͼԽתԽ죬·𼴽Ѷ
ԻѪˮƺһͣԣҶĻÿɷ
ΪʤֱϷ򵥣ƫƫԼѡһ·Ǻǣ޴Ҷ˵Ҳʵͳ綨ǿߣʵҶ죬Ѫɺ޵ֿ֮ȴƫƫѪ䣬ѪһڵΪӡ̵ܹľΨѪǱˡ
ƨͻȻŭΡøܾˣ׿Ѫ䡣ʵѪֲǽѪ䣬ǽѪɷֻѪһɡԪɷĵͼѡ
Ԫɷͬڰɵа䲻ҪѪ辭Ϊǣ䱾ȴѪ辭õȥྶͥѣͨĳֹ֮ǿи
˵Ҷ첢ûжǵıŭ˿⣬ӵɱӦöҲİΪɱΪڶеʦ졣
ٷϻĪӵΡǿʼϺâʱǿʢ˼֡
Ǻǣ˵Ϊʧ֮ѪаƵУûѵֻҹҶЦ˵ʵǵĲ²ȶֲȫԡȷڵȣȵȴͼľơ
ͬʱԱӡһʮ飬ԪͲض˵ڵɴɵŰͼֻۣʹҶһ屻յĸоڣ˹ͼ־ҵѸٳƣô˿̣ѾһС
ǵԴϲ٣ҶҲ޷жϴ˶԰Աӡ̶ȡ
ô˼㻹ܹʹɣЦȻ˵ôģûڲ⴫ķھ˭Ҳá
ʦ֣ˣҶͻȻߺ˷ܡ
ȻһԿó֮ѭѪҺٶݵͣ͡
Ҷ״ͷ˲ˣͲ²ٶûкܿ޷¾֤ʵȻˣΪΡûѡңƺܲĲԱӡѾǿ˳̶ȣΪ޶ԡֻһܹͣǾֻܸܵԪ񶯵ĴڣȥԱӡϵԪƺӡ
ȻˣôһоͶðˡԪںϣһһڶĴڡǲѸܵϣȴ֪ȴǿĿֲ


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ȴƬ̣ΡĶŷӦԭҶСӾ̽Լ
ѪҺһͣǲмĵСӣּô
ҶǺһЦûлش𣬸ղ䷢һȤ飬ǾһκѭѪҺ͵Ȼֶʤ𲻵κεİá
ȥƺҶЦŭһһѪ㼤
Ҷ˿̵İԱӡѾ쵽ܹƿصļޡ
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δҶվȣһѪնҶͷ΢Ȼ޷Ԫĸ֪ȴޱȾȷмν۾˸Ч
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ҶһվҧסΪδʣȻѾΪ촷ۣûȷ֮ǰҶ컹Ҫֵľ衣
ǿƣۣҶ컺ӴȥȻģһ̯ѪˮȻۡ
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״Ҷ첻ɵһѪȻ㾪ˣܽʩչߵ˿µĵز
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ΪεĻûֻ֮ܳΪһ̯ѪȻȻֱܹ𣬵ѪҺ֮⣬ٿκйصĵط

һŹֵѪзȻǻЩһ˼άѾ޷˵֮ء
ҶԱݵĹ۲󣬷ǸѾɥʧ˳ֵͷ΢΢ɡ
˿еİͼѾɢļЩճɰͼâԽϸòһյʱ᳹ʧͼʧҲζűӡĶƽ޷ɡ
ʱѪȴͻȻһУȻ֪ｫӳֱҶؿڡ
ҶڼȵУǿ϶㲻ˡֻƱӡһ;СƱӡȴҲҪеӦķաµͷҲɲҶԥ
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ʱһֱڿջȻνֻҶΡѡ
֮Ҷ쳹ްΡƵҲ˸롣
Ρ˷ɽҲǽȡģӵĻǺ񣬱ûʲôտԣƣ󾭹ãΡƺڣƳȬ˵
˵ľƸ˵Ȼ飬ΪǱǸΡɽʶĶѣΡʵѶȼĺȻ޷ֺɵĿԡ
ںǵǳսҶʼûаΡˣͬһأԸҲȽϣڼദѾȥǸʦ֣ʼֱӳֵˡ
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292 Ъ
Ҷһ·Уٽʱ뵽һƬֵСڴ֮ǰҶǸԶƬֵаʮﳤ֮ӦþǻƸؽס
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Ҷ״Ͻͽ⣬ԭϢһʱ䷽ٶȸ·
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294 
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Ƭ̺ҶƵ˵һ䣬δ˵ƭǵһΡ
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ݵĳĬƬ֮󣬵ȿڣô
ƺҶһ뵶ҲȷʵûʲôɽġˣȻУΪԻһ˵ĹϵֵܣȻֵ࣬ܿɲҽеġӣȻС
Ҷչ˶ߵˣǸģҪɱҶģɱɷɱаʤʱ龰Ҳȷ˵ȽϺˡ
ҪǣΪյһϵ飬ڵӵУҶô
ҶСҶ첢ûлشԷ⣬ΪԷҲ⡣
Ҷ֣Ϊλ̣ҶŰ
ǻƸʲô˼ҪʲôҶϵӵĻ
üͷ΢壬Ҷٽӣºˡ֮ҪҶΪλҪõһʵĴ𰸣ҪҶĿһܹҶȥĺɡ
Ҷ֣Ҫɱһɽϡˡ˵սҶ죬֪ҶƺڵӣҶ컹ǽɱĿ֮һֻնҴϢҪɱƺڵӵ˲Ŷԡ
뵽۹΢΢ƶͼ붴ڸĵطȥ
Ҷ״һÿߣЦҾνġɽϡˣѲҪɱң
ʵͨ⼸̵ĶԻҶҲ˴ţʱ䡢ص㡢ôɡƸ֪ĶϢνɱΪĶһˡ
Ҷ˵ЦˣֻҪ㲻ǻƸ֣Ǿʼʹǵѡӿʼ㲦Ҷ졣
ҶЦֱǳôһȺҪɱԼѡ
ԪΣ
ٶȴүϵӽʱҲˣûдҲûϢⲻϳ
ԪҶһ֮ǰȻҲԪϾܴ󣬶һӰ졣ûνԪǵյĵӡˣҶ첻ٶȸ̾龹ɺϡ
ԪԪ˭ԪʼҶһˡ
үԵȣƬ̾ͺáԪͷһЩκͽ
ҶתͷЦǺǣɣ֪ǵֱ˶񲻸á
Ҷ֣ϣܡ
£Ҳһɱ㡣ҶͽȻת
ԷĿĶնɱҶ졣ҶһվȻٶϣϵԭԪҶ졣һѾɺϽˣֱעעԪҪҶ֮֡
ԪüͷƬ֮Ҷȥ
ߵڵʱͣסŲȴδͷҶϸã翹һǵѡԸ⣬ҿ顣
ԪЩ꣬ΪҶе˵ʵ뿴Ҷûа취һٶֵܣΪʦүҶҲĵ
ȥɣһҶشܹ֮ɱˡ
ҶĻشԪ̾һ֮ԾҶ
·̸СҶԿ϶ԪүҶͷ΢ͨԪһϵе·ѷǵĶԻӦԪΪҶ顣
ҶҲһ̾Ҳ컯ŪˣԪƺڵӣҲпܳΪõѡ
ǣԪǻƸˣҶھΪɱϻƸүҲŹҶ졣
ֻǵˡ
Ҷ˵õĽһɱԪԪ˵õĽ֮ǰҶѾɱ
֣
·ٶȴүдһ˿ŭƷŭԪ顣
ৣ
ƿ֮𣬶ӰҶߵС
ûڵȻ谵ȴÿҶЦԶԣڼԷ׵֮ЦȴԵĿġ
Ϊǰһηηϳɫëˡ


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֪ΪΣ˾ǰͷҶ˼֮ǰǹŭδһ
ԷʮˣǶֻһЩආĻɫԲѧڿն𿿵ȫʣԿ޷תֻܳɽ
ë֮ǰͷǾ֣ΪҶЦ
Ҷ˫ָǹһĨааĻȡ
ë֮֮ǰʶҶٶȣ֪ҶҪȡϷ򵥣մһ
Ѿʧˡ˵ҶͽȻأ財
飡
Уë֮һҺɳȥʵҶҲûֱӽƺϣҪΪڰ޷ƣ൱Լײ֮ϵġ
Ҷ׽Ū˳϶ļѾԾɽҶ
֪ҶۻӣǼȴ˿ûηɫ׷װγذף¶ɱ
ûЯ˵ڴ֮ǰֺͼƻûѧֻڿԾ˵£˵ѡɵذ;
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Ҳ뵽ҶΪκë֮˳ǰˣƾƷ͵ȷʵֻʺ
ˢ
˼Ǽ䣬ذͬ߰㻮ҶĲٶȺܿ죬ֺȡ
Ҷ󳷰΢ɫȻʵߣ󲻻ʵѵãҲǸ˲š
˲Ҳ˵˲šҶ̧۳ƣ;бָڵ㵽ʱӡƸպÿɣգʱ䣬ӡ
һж˲ϢɣҶӡ֮΢΢һھݶٵ֮̽ȴδǸϽ˺ֹҶ첹ʩ֡
˿ͬʱ⼸Ѿذǰڶխʮ˲һͬ֡һĳ֮Щְš
Ҷ׾ٵĶ㿪ذף׾ٵĽӡ˺֮ǰ˵ķӦͬ΢΢һ̽ƣ˿
ҲûáҶ쳰һ䣬ٶȽӡ
֮ҪѡӡҶҪأΪӡҪʡȥƸͣ·а࣬ƻɱǹûɱҶҪ۵ѡӡֻ΢΢ƣȡǵǴ´ࡣ
޹ҶѾεʮϾӡǵѾҶУȡʱԡ
ȥǸүҶ첢û̻ɱǣΪǻбá
ԲΪΪҶ컹δʾ汾죬⿿Ƥûã˭ҲŴģ˼һˣɵĶɱԽĹ
ɱ
֪˭һڶֹٶȷ
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ƿͣʵȴдաһʩչԪͬ㰪ɢڴ˿ҹڼϹ߻谵ûע⵽ڿеƶƵԪ

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ѽ
ڶǸߺһЩһѪֱŶ⵹ɳȥ;оȻײˡ
һĻʣµļʶҶ׷ֹסŲĶҶ졣
û뵽˺áҶаԵ⣬ڴ֮ǰһֱûѾƷϾȷʵȲӡƺơƮѷƵȷ߳һ

·һҽУˤڵطġ
ͷһ£Ӵ˵ɳȥأҶվԭ趯˼ƣ˿ûС
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ӿͷ㿴ңҿ㣬жηɫϾһöܽ˻ɵĽɫҲֻѡ
Ȼǲ֪ӳɽǵҲѱҶ߬С

Ҷ쿴˵˼һʮ㡣Բԥȿֺתȥɽ
ż뿪·ʱ֮Ҷǰ¿ȥүվִѵĴ󺺣Ż⣬Ҷ쿴Ǽүǰܺǳ⡣ǳ֮ȴүߵĴ󺺡
˿̣ү̧ͷĿӥҶ֮ӣǹһĨϷʵĻȡ
˼
仰ү˵ģСҶ첢ûܹǽŻѹҶ쿴Ŀ͡
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һơֳڣǼүǰʱըѪˮĴ䣬үȻ޷⡣
Ѫˮүϣ˳ˮ»䡣
ҶԭΪ˻ᲪȻŭû뵽Ǹ̬ȻЦͷȥߵѪˮ
һжڼ̵ʱڣҶ챾˵һʲôһţٶڰңڼȷ֮£ּƺӺڳ˼֡
Ҳǳô֮ʣڶֹȻ֮𣬵ֻңռν֮һ
Ҷ󳷣խλóֱʮ֮󷽲ͣ¡
ڶʮƬ֮ȫɽҶĿأЩ˵һͬڣҶûжֵ˼󣬽Χס
Ҷ̴Χס֮ǿʼıƽõذףɭɭ龰Ҷ첻ǣȻ۾
дյ֮ûпǣǵУҶľٶǻᣬһĻᡣ
ǣһӵϣеĸߺƣеҧгݣеԣе׹
ȻʮذȫٽҶǰ֮ʱҶͽȻۣ˫Ŀ֮һƽ󱬳硣
ҶͽȻһɷԲԪУ޴˺ÿһˣ·ڶ
ǵʵû֮»ܹЧķҲƬ̶ѣĽǱģ̺֮ɱ
ҽдɽд·׼Ĵ˸εѡʵ̫ˣҵĺǵ˻𣬶İɽڣǰǵɭڡ


296 
ת֮ٶɱʮˣҶնʮ˾Ȼ
ɢҶ쳷ȥһЩδױѹĲкڵ棬΢졣
Ҷɨһۣ΢פ㣬ٶ̽
Ű񵴵ɽӾƣ紵֦⣬ŻͬǺһԹ졣
·ȻģүҲ֪ȥŻѵ󺺻վڸղվŵĵطδ
ʲôáҶ΢΢˼ԷһҲͰˣѾװ˶ʮⲢүСҶ죬Ǿͼı
˼Ƭ̣Ҷүͼı뷨ΪɽھһʲôҲöȻˣҲ˵ʮȷǰ˵ģǵ뷨ӦɱҶ׬ˣɱҲʧ
ǺǣǺԡҶԼ²޲ǲ˼ЦһתĿ⡣
ĿֳֻѵĴѾʧ١
˻Ҷ쵹һΪовڼԼϮ
ȻһĹһ֮ϢҶ췭ԪĶ֣סҪ

ղǵϢһذףҶ㿪ֱ֮ұ֮УȻû룡
Ԫذʯ֮вһѵ飬ղذ֮ȴ˿ԪӳɣĿȻΪҶ޷ΪԪϾ֮ˣԪг̶ҪԶѰ
ԷϲȷʵãҶһֱĶǵԪ֮ǰ׼ͨԪֱзʵεҲЩ˵ɵΣʶѾС
һ㣬ذûӲұ֮У˵ΪǿȻûʹԪҶʵҪﵽʦ֮ϡ
ѵǸүԳ֣Ҷ찵ţͬʱ֡ԪѪҶѧƿǺе֣κ֮ͬ˶Ժȡʤϸ߳Լһ֮ȡʤӦҲѣϱԼ߳׵ˣʤɾͲ̫˵ˡ
ս֮У൱κܹ׵ʤүﵽʦĵزټһආҶذɡ
СֵܣһΣ
ʱ洫ү߿Ұ
˵ʵҶղŵȷЩ٣Ŵ˷֮ȴͻȻǣүʾأʾȻûһԤڵЧΪҶӲµľһס
Ҷ컺ڣ¸ӣƬ̺ȺүӰЦүҳôԼȴ㵽Ⱥȥˡ
˿үһȺ˴ӵţΧʮֻѣ쳣ӳүɫ졣
ܴ󣬵үһ㲻ΪƾˮĴϡΧҲ㣬Щľżһ㣬ûб顣
Сֵܣ˵Ǳɱģү˫֣вޱˡ
ûҲֻߣ컹һġҶֱү˵үе߱ǶɣΪԪܶүҶɱߵֵʵҶ˵Ȼָıү˵ʵҶ첢û̫ģƾ١ܽľ顣
ǿУֻҪһ¶ˣʣǾȡ֮
񣡡үԹЦ˵Ҷ񣬵ЦĿ񣬿ƺ˼֡
״ҶоɿƵֳһĨɫ׿˵ĵжԹϵ̸Ҳ˵үʵΣ͵ƣԳƵ۶֡
͹ͣүȻǿȴܶҶ˿Ӱ졣
Ҷ칰˹֣Ѫ֮廹Զ
үƺҲΪҶ쾹ȻΪҪ֪Ͽ¿񻢵ĿѪҺģ
˰֮ô֮ѪүɢİǷסͨ˼ϥ򣬾֮˸ܵͷ壬ôСӾȻһ͵ĿԼ
ΪָͣܳǿߣΪ½ǿߵУߣͣ
үĿ˸Ҷ쿴˺һٶȴЦʵĹȻԩ֪СֵɽϰգǺ˸ͽ
ƺڷΪĴƸÿƸ󶼶ռһ޷壬үʵҶһƸʲôݵĵӡ
Ʒ壬Ƹԯ״ӡҶشƺĹأзʹΪƺڵ򲻿ΪӱڡȻҶ⹷ƨȻûʲô˼ɣ֮ҪΪǲûԯͷ
ԯ죬ҶԵŶұΪԯ״ˡ
ԭˣ˵ô˵ǣԭԯǰ¸ͽү˵ʱȻҶ칰˹֣̬١
ȻԷǳΪҶȻڶԷͽϴҶ֮ʱ΢΢Ƿȴδ˵
һգٶӡ
εĶӳʱϳү߻࣬㡣ҶϸĹ۲үһ
ү͵ʮңúӢ䣬ͦüޣһ˫ĿȻ⡭
סҶһ˵ү۾Ҷ쾹пĵ˸ܹӵе
ȻҶڹ۲үʱ򣬶ԷҲڹ۲ү¿ѪҺ壬ҹͬ磬Ҷ죬ܹȴֻ忡ʧ㣬Եѡ
ѵѪа䣿Ҷ찵Ծһүеĺǡǲνʿܲһϡ顣
Է֮ҶʤɾǼΪˡϾΪѾ߳ҶΣںɻӡ
ȻҶ֮³Ѫܹṩİر¹ĺԿҸ޷㹻
뵽Ҷ̽ԷһԷҶͻϳˡһʵװûбҪүһͲɵϣҶڶΪ˱һӦͨҶ͸֮ӲƴΪƴ֮үԻѲ飬ʱһƵľ档
ԪɷǰҶʣԪɷͰѪڵ֧үĻѪطԲ᲻Ϊ
ŶȻү¶һɫȻû뵽ǰʮ߰ģһƺ״ӵ꣬ȻѪ֧˽⡣
СֵܣҲǴ˵˰үûֱӻشҶ⣬Ƿ̽
ҶԹһЦĹۼ׽࣡ҵϣѪҺ


297 
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үѪ辭ƷײͣڳѪȻšһּΪǿĴڣܹɹҪԶԼڵ¿ѪҺ
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ͲҶѪϾ˻ĹޣҶһʮܹ߰꣬ô˵ѪҺ
ҶѪƲҶڵʵ޷Ѫ辭ֿ⻻ȡѪҺүƶһ㣬ǽⳡսɾǲˡΪڳѪջ£үԲ
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ˣҲֻͽҶϾߣͬ顣
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ݶԷٶȣҶжϳֻǾŶҵĻɫη塣
ЦһȻүûԳֵļԾεʮ֮ҲӲ١
뵽ҶƱãԱӡȻ
ȻֻǺ޴ֵ߳İԱӡЩɫ㹻Ҷɨһ¶򶴿ˣתȥ
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ҶٶȹһĨЦʣүȻִҶвȫ֮
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ϾղŵļըҲҶԷ˶ڣҶܹȻǺ£ȴϳ
˵ûСҶ첦ֵۣû£ǵͷûг֣ɱһЩආûϹˡ
϶ŰɣҶ˵ʱܸղߵĽŲ糣ɼȷûˣҲ޹شŵˡ
ղ˵ʲô֮ǰ϶ע̽ҶǷ֮ϣԲûҶĻ
Ҷüظһ飬ߴٵ²˳٣Ҿͽˣˣ
УҺһȥ϶һסҶ죬вҶУ˵˵ǿҶҪԵΣա
ֻܸҡҶɨ϶һѺߵ֡
϶Ȼ֪ҶΪԶΣղŹô˵ģ˲ʱһůҸȻƬ֮ٶȥҶ졣
һĹҶȻʩչ̤ԶԶݳʮɡ
۵Ĺʵޣ϶ѾҶӰǰԼӵصĽŲеż϶ʯĶ죬ڶʱһƬѹɱյС


298 
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ֲɵȻó϶˵ѡҶԸͬһŮӺһðпܶĴա
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϶¶Ƭ̣֪ߵ뷨ɸı䣬̾һǺã½Сġ
һճ˵϶ӦͬŶԣҲϾϸ˼ֺ϶֮µӰʧںڰ֮С
ȥķ϶ü΢ȻתŶڲ˲֮ȥƬ֮ӰٶȻطʧ谵֮С

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СүأҶĿıǣԺԥĺһɤӡ
ɽʮ£ҶԶԶĻصȥֹǶԷĺˣǺѰҲ˺
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뵽Ҷֽһˡ˵ٶȲ죬Ƭ֮ԷѾ׷ŻѾԼܹεľ롣ҶԲżٶȴ΢ϿһЩ뱣ȣա
ԼһյʱԼ󷽾ŲȻ٣һսǺ˦ˡϸŲӯȴ鸡Ůӡ
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Сġˣתԭ·ء
Ҷüȥ˿̺Ѿٶ׷սǺ󷽴Լ⡣
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ԺзһͷҶǹһĨײĻȣƣнһҫԪġ
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ʵҶ˾ٲҪԶݣĿҪŭ󺺣ֻмŭǣǲŻȫ˼Ҷϡһ·ţܻЩյеɡ
Լֹһʱ䣬ҶѾҪ·ˣٶȷŲȴ󷽺Ϲ
ȻҶûѶԷ̷ٶȼҪһĽͣġ
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ѹֻһûѵĽɫҶԴ󺺲סáҲʱʱıﳰ䡣
ʱ񶾵ǳֻȴһ˷
׻˵˲˲Ҷ̡´󺺱ҶΪ̼ЦѾ쵽һıԵ
СΧ˾ЦɵΪĲȱ˵ͣӲ޾ķ̡оĸЩʱĻѹ֮£ŭһҹﱬʮ꣬ɱЦˡ
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Ҷ촥еİ̺ۣҪҶܽޡ
ɵҪ׷ңҾ͹ºүүҶٶͣסŲĴһЦ
󺺴ֱȴ۵ģǻҶġ
ᣬֻܿ뿪ڽȴͻȻǰڵмǵһӰһš


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˵ҧгݵĶѾʧںڰеҶ𣬶ͷϱ˵һα׽Ū
ʧѪϾʹߣں˼ɤ֮ͨһ赹ڵء

󺺵ĵӲû˼ӿٶȣһֺ㶨ĲǰСү̵ģ򲻴Ԫǰ³çĽֿ϶˵Ȧס
үӺ񡭡֮ǰѳֻѵĹˣ˵Ļһˣ˶Ԫĺ
ùԵǸԶҲῪϡүﲻмƲԪָоε¶
ղ˵һ׳ӣ󺺵ıͬȳƵּ͡ƣͶԪһүұۡ
үеʱӿһ˿νأȻδ򾡣ԪҲ㲻ãȴʵһ֮С
ղǲҵĺǳԵôȻǣԪȻЩͷԲ̫⣬ȴǸĺӡ˽ʹ飬ҳ̶ȱضһ㡣
үƺо˷ƵɨȥôʲôҪ˵ô
ûСƼæ΢΢˺磬ԼԱܿү۽ǵ⡣
үһû˵ƽǲ
ڶ󷽵ģҾ󲿶аɾ룬˵Ҫࡣ¶޶ԻԭͺܰͻȻЩѹ
ǵͷͷͻȻھһս֮ǰĺڰһŮ
ȻһΪľ벢ԶǰȻû˿Ĳ
Ǻˣүʵоɡ
ɱˣŮӻ䣬һɳ˹Ϯֱ纣˲ɽ


300 ѹ
ҶڰȴԼСʱ֮ǰĻ谵͸⣬ԽԽĽŲͽʯ
ˡҶʶսȭͷүһսϵȼһǻѪ
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ֵЯŹ˶ƲխĿռڷԵЩƵ
ȴҶ鷢˿仯Ǳݣÿȴá
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飡
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龪µľ治Ծøʲôüȥɡ
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Ҷ״ҲԥԪܻסҪֱԷС
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Ҷ̤ãͻĪ⣬ڼ߶ԷǶһ㡣֮ĵȻҲգкüЩԼ˵ϡ
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ৡ
ն֮ϣɾûôˡ

Һһֱжϡ
δֹڶٶϮǵĵ


301 Ķ
ĵƮҶߣĿŵϵľʬ壬һĨŵɫ
Ҷ΢оȵĿƬ̺ʵ½㣬⡭
Ȼֻһ룬Ҷ˼ȴԡȫնΪΣʵЩ̫ء
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Ҷ˼Ƭ̣뵽ʲôһ㣬֮ǳӾ㽣е
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ڵʵΪ״̬ʦڵʵӵɱӦʦڣ
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ɱ˵ʱԺвǰѪȳ棬һŮӵաŮЩС˪ȴЩ񡭡϶

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˿վҶĶԷͻ֣ᷢ˫Ѿȫɫǣû֣֮ǿκ顣еĺֻԻĹŵѹһ¾İ

ӶҶǰˣֱӳ忪ǰ׷ȥ
֮䣬Ѿɹ֮ˡɹӵǰĹˣ˿󴭴Щɫ
ϵıȴҶ쵽˲̣ҶҲϻֳƣˡ
˼״æתͷܣҶϸǻᡣһȣԱӡӡ׾ٵĹᴩ֮ٶǰȥ
ɱ
ҶһХνԱӡһ·طɱһ⣡


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类ɱħͷ˵ӣҶط׷׾źײһֿ뷨ûС
ȺͬȹϵϰĴˣҶҲ˿ĴȱǺɱ˵ħͷɱС

ҽУɵǺѪҶµ˻Ƕ֫ȣؿڱըѪҪôͷ­ϡá
¶ͷʱ˼ĲȻĵȴһͲˡ
Ҷ졭
ԼСһ̣ϣҶֹܹͣɱ¾
ȻҶȴûзֺֹף˫зſ񵴵Ľ⣬Ŀһ
¡¡
Ҷɱ¾ͬʱɽһΧٶȴ죬һʯ䣬ضɽҡ
ҶͣеĶɻըǴӶڴģ˵ؾ붴ڲǺԶҶܵһɿ񱩵ϯ
ը˵˵϶˻û
ආҶսսĴ΢Щģбǿʼ˸׹⡣
Ҷƺ˼ʲôδҲǸһආԭǵвѾӿ־΢ѣⲿѵʮףǳŵµļ϶룬ҶѾ֮ҲŹǡȻˣǻ粫һҶ췢㶣ЭһҪС
뷨õģûʵʩ˵һ⣬ҲýǾ˭ȶ֡
ݶ۹󣬴ҵһ¾ָϡ
һ


Ĭɣʮ˴Ӹ͵Ҷ죬еĸХ磬ĿҲҶҪ
¸ղҲ񣬲Ҷ죬Ѳ١״ɾʮһ֣Ҷ֮ͣҲܲס
ңҶ쾹û˿ļ
϶
ӵһը쵽ղʱԼķ֮һʱճôõʱүӦɽսŶԡڶը˵սδ϶ǿʲôŵڵء
Ѫط
ҶԺͽȻӿһ˿ǵǴҹּ٣ϰ˱϶˵ʲôƲס֮ĻʱҶ첻Ӧ϶Ҳ̺ĳѪڵĪܣ
Ȼϲͬʱӿͷ϶ǧһ֮ʼѪطôжϣпүκε϶

Ҷϲ֮ʣһͻأġֺȴ˼Ĺˣֻ˸ŸɫâԪѾնԼǰ
֪
ҶͷͽȻӿһŭ֮ǰûȫ˼ʱǼ֮ûвֻòԸһֻ۱һֻ۰ˡʣЩǵߣȻҶѰ·ˡ
ʺУһڴѾͷǼҶϵĵȴǵļƽ˼ֽҡ
ٹ룬е̴ܴСӵࡣһĸֵնͷ­
ǣһ̣ҶȴǵļոշڵѪȻعȵס

ķҶͽȻƮкΧƣУȻ
ӰѾֻܸоڲɢ֮䣬Ѿʮ˾ΧС
أһڴһ£ɫΪ̿־塣
ǣͻȻ˾Ϊһƽ⡣

ҽȷҶټȴΪʱ
Ѫɽ֮˵ϣһ飬ʶİνӻ
͡
ضµȴԼˡ
ɵİУ˵ľ˼㣬һСС춼ͷһʹƺܲסּµѹ֣ʱпܷ
ѵǡ
ҲҶӰ֪ƺڵķѧơ
ԯһֿķѧƺкպʱһʩչʩƲ㣬˿УңƲʩ߼ƶɢʩչƲ֮ڣǿתλá
Ҷ쾫ͨǳֻܹûԲһɵƲ㡣˵ԯȫʩΪƲɴʮ֮㡣
ѧѾôǾҲΪ״ӣط״ѧֻ־֮ѧ꣬û˿
ҶŽɽһ࣬ȻѾܹ˳ʩչƣ⵱ǲ˼顣
Ҷ첢֪Ϊ֪̾ԯ״ѧУֻһؽһƷķѧͨѧ˶ᣬûʲô˵ġ
ղʩչҲֻһΪΪʽµľ棬û뵽ƾá
ô˿̣ҶҲǲòƺѧʶһ֮ǰþƳ䲻⣬ᵽƵ档֮ǰΪƺѧȲϰϵУǾ֮ܵļʶˡ
Ưһڴ˾ֺУʱƲɢȥҶӰֳ£Ǳʬ
Ҷ졣һ첽ǰ
ߣ϶ǿûҶļҲ˲עԴˡת򶴿ڷȥ
֮ǰעһֱҶϣԲδȥϸ·ըĹϵҶͷһϸһĨϲɫ
ԭºҶ춼ΪѾѣԲŻڴ˵ôʱ䡣ҶĻ֮²֪Ϊξ͸оƶҶ˵ûǿ϶û
Ҷ֪ѣܹסȻˡ
ɽԼʮ룬ҶλôɽУ붴ڴңӵѧǣԶ
Լʱ󣬶˳ڶڴ
˿̶Ũ̷ضɢҵľʯձ֮ǰĿѾȫһģ
˼״һۣ׷״ӶԷпһĨ
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Ȼµ뷨Ҳȵԭ
Ҷȴ֮ͬľȵҲԴ϶ֻȵǣ϶Ѫطܹʽ⡣
ûˣӦǴȥˡ֪Ƭ̣˵
Ҷ˵ͷʵ͸оˣϷңͬԪϢڷಫ
֪ǲѪطͳѪԭ򣬶ԪҶֻܹܵѣϢҶĸ֪뾹Ȼɢ￪⡣

ҶͷĹȴͻȻԪϢУüҶ쿴
Ҷ쾪ɻͷٶȷ⡣
ڰ𮶴ڣŲжϣԷˡ
ѵǾƺǣɻʵ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷڻҿ϶Ϊȥںүս϶ǾƺˣӦ˵ĽŲŶԡ


303 ӵĹϵ
ڱ־״̬£˾΢һƬ֮ǰ۹Ӱ߳
ǡ»һΪ˵ͳʸеͷУȻǰƺ
ôֻˡ󣬼գ֮䣬µΪûܿɺɺӰ
ߣǻܡҶһɺɺ˵ʵǷУŮǸһֽĸо
Ӱ߽ҲڿΪֻˡԭɺɺĽŲΪڱϡ
Ҷ죡
ȷվڶڵĶˣ˵غһ;ƺǷ˶ˣ첽˴
ɺɺһϽӶԾ£ͷŶҲߡ
û°ɣްԭҶϲɨɺɺһĻ֪أȴͽȻӿһ˿á
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û¾ͺãţһһǡҶûлش⣬϶ڿսУȻްҪȥ֧Ԯ϶
Һȥһȥ¿תȥҶ졣
ҶҡҡͷãտǣԷӦмɫ¶棬ǲǶ֡
΢΢ɣֻܵͷӦ
ʵҶ첻ȥֹǳ㿼ǣһǣ¼϶ѪطпܻҪ鷳
԰գҶһԾӶڽ֮С
ٴ֮ǰĿΪүûѵ󺺣ͬʱʧһ׷ɱԼԼһȴٳû¶档
ҶҪΪıǷˡ
ȻڸղŵɱУҶҲûܼԪӰ֪Ǵ޷ԺҶĶԾأ֮ûӰ
Ҷһ˼ǣһϢķӣԼʱ֮״ٶȷ
ϢȻֹ
ԭǿ֮ϢͽȻɢٲһ˿һ
Ҷͷͣ½Ų֪֮ͽ޹Ϣͬˮһ㣬ƾʧ
ãһµͷȻӿԺ
ѵ϶ˣҶ쾪һϢɢһ˾㶼ϢϢɢһڶԹȻ̫ܡ֮һʣ˽вѾѪط
ڶĿԷǳ֮󣬶ң۸ʲôƶϣѾֳʤʤһ϶ĿԶ΢΢
϶и̣ҶҪѪϴǻƸҶ˻ΰεضƾż䣬˴ս֮ȥ

ɽ֮Уʰ˼֧˵Ļѵȼܹǳ
½㣬˵϶᲻°ƺ˵֪˼ɣ˲ϲ˵ôҪ˵ʲô
ȴĲûֻǿһۣҡͷ
ҡͷ֪ǲ֪ƺ˿򣬾Ȼ׷һ䡣
ͣһȱˡһ䡣
ƺüĵû㡣
ҵĶңһ᲻ôҲãȻͷţȴܹǲ͵顣
ҳȥ氡ƺǲã˵ֵˡ
ʵЩ˵ĹϵԶûпȥôơҶ´ѹͲΪѡ
µ˼ȴȻңһ棬ЩСǼƺ¶˵һ䣬ñŤﰵıֻѹϵ
ƺһʲôҲǲ׸ˣֱǱƲ۵ˣⱲҲзˡ
߾ɺɺܹʹҳΪѣȫ˶ĸһϺˣ˭ɺɺȴǽҶΪΪϲǰŶӣҲֻܽһ°ˡ˭öء
ôһ΢ĹϵһҪ
žƺĻֱվ𣬾ֱȥһߣлţ׾ޡ
˵˭أƺɲһܹˣԯͰ߳ëˡ
ëСҲмͷҲûأȥ
ĸվסƺŭˣʰϵһʯŰȥ
¼״ü΢˿Ҷ϶Ȼǰˣȴȥܡƺһȴеˡ
˵֮ǰֻǶ죬ǾƺһٶɾսˡٷվܿԼ˴һȥ
뿪ںǳƺȻһϵľٶ
ʯƺδԪֻ֣߳ҪɶûУȻֻӳһɾײʯԱͷƺ
ƺһ֮ǰľٶȻֻСԶѣĶ֡
ɰһ־ͲͬˣԪ߳ʯͼҪ˺ƺ
²Ӳˣˡ

߳һǼʯ촷ۡ£ǡüӶͷһƬ
£㾹Ȼҳʵ
䡣Ҳ˵ʵ±ЩаҪǴϲ£ڳʱȴƫƫԶҽ쾹Ȼžƺһʮһĺ֣Ѿµĵߡ
ղųȴ԰ֻ˳Ϊ֮ѡ
ԣƬ̺ЦӰһʧɽ֮С
Ͱദʱã뽩ֱԻͼ䣬ûô˵ѾʧӰ١
̾һ֮ʱѲ֪ȥ򣬶
½㣬ҡƺҲʶԼղŵ³çΪȻӣȴʮֹ˳˿̼ɫãǴյһҪϴ
°˰֣¶Ĵ󲿷ֹڰϣôõģƫȥ룬Ҳ롣
ϴ󣬰ֻǡҲ˹һֱΪ΢ϴ
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½㣬˵乫¾͹־ƺ졭
סڣºɺɺĻһ£ֵԺ˭ҲҪᣬҷ
״Ͻɺɺһ£ʾҪڹǷǡ
ɺɺƺ̫ԸȻûҼ˵ǾŵͷȴµļȲ
ǣ԰뿪

϶и̣ҶҪѪϴǻƸ
Ҷ˻ּԶԶصȥּ
Ͳҵá
ͻȻϤҶ켱æתͷȥֻ϶̽ţͷԼϣһӯӯЦ⡣


304 ɱβ
϶һ̣Ҷͷ͵һ£ȫҲ¶һĨЦ⡣
ǰҶ콫϶´
⻹һζ϶޼ɵĴҲֱһŷ֣϶Ȼ˵
㿴û˰϶ŭɫ谵ܿǷ񷺺졣
Ҷ첻ϸĿţȴһҪ֮ӵг嶯
ι϶ỽһ
Ŷûû¡Ҷ֣ʶԼʧ
˭û¶ˡ϶Ц˵
ҶЦתƻ⣬˵û£
Ҳû°϶˵ĺȻſ˫ԭתһȦЦ㿴
״Ҷ쳹׷۴϶˵Ϊ˿˵ļ
Ҷԥүȷе˵Ӧ϶ܡ
϶һ˫ĿתĿҶ죬ȴġ
Ƭ̣Ҷ̾һվûʳ϶ԸԺҶ˵ÿ˶ܣҶ첢ԵӶ˵ܡΪֻ֪Ҫģ϶һ
½أ϶ƺЦЦתʡ
ɽأǻȥɡҶ˵
϶˵ͷɽط
ʱҶǰϵĲ·ϵľͺ֦Ϊ϶·һϸ΢ľٶ϶ʮָж֪ΪΣȴʼѹ˰벽Ҷ첢ܿı顣
϶ôɵүģ֪Ʋסĺģ·ЩΣҶٶ
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ȻҶӦһּæֻ֪үʵûдܵ˼
Ŷ϶ʧ䡣
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ûʲôѪڵ֪϶˵΢в
Ҷֻ·£Բδ⡣ΪղŴһ·Ҷвƽ̹֮
Ѫ辭ҲӦҲ֪ġ϶ٵŲЩ鸡
һ治ֻ֪ǲ²ҶЦ
Ǻǣ²»ǻҵء˿϶ѾͷǿҧأЦȴʮֲãҹŵİٺϡ
ƨֻѡҶķǣ϶һ硣
϶Цͬʱӿʼ䷢µƤϣѾһ㱡ĺ˪
Ҷ졭϶Щ̲סˣ
ҶԲδͷǰͷնƬжһƾֲݺᣬʮˡ
϶û𣬳гĬƬ̡
ƺ϶ڿڣ¡ô
ҶһͣƬָ̱糣ЦºڷߣͲħĴ𰡣
֮ǰ϶ʾҶ죬Ȼﲻ̶ֳȣƵЦȴҲûٿ˵ʵεġЦҶҲоһ˿ʵ
ҶЦԹԵ˵˺ܶ໰϶ѾУ谵УҶӰƺҲԽģƤԽԽأڼһӳױպϡ
϶ϴΰѱ½Ǹˣǳʹ治Ҷǰͷ˴һƬïܵĹľ֣ߴССͰܼĹľҳ·ɳɳ죬̫Χ
϶Ҷ˵Ƭ̣ȴδȵ϶Ļش
æתͷֻľͰƮ꣬ҹĻ϶Ӱӡ

ɽ֮Уȥ˲ѹֵ㡣
½㣬ȥ֮ȥǸǡƺƣǰ
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ҵĻ͸ˡƺ˾񣬲˭ϣﻹܻԼ˵ġ
ˣ¡ֱվ𣬻ڡ
˿̶ǷƮҡľ󣬲Ѿܾû߻谵ؼһƬȻ
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̾һȻ԰ûһ˿ĶϾѡ£ٻЩơ
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ǡ
ʱڻ谵ȴͻȻʯᶯ
˵ľ˲䱻𣬷׷ײĿɫ쳣ء
ǡ
Ȼڼƺ˼ɶڵˡ
⼸֣վڶڴڹɹ˿ֱ֡
ɺɺһ˹Ǿƺ󳷣Ϻ֮١
ʯûֹͣԽŻ⣬Ƭ֮ڷǰʮңһʯڶĲ
˭ƺ󺰣ͼ塣
ǡ
ţҹȥµֳǰȥ˵ֳΪ˷㣬˵ȴϬʽ
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ͷȥϵģݺݵĵɺɺһۣҲ˵ǰǰˡ
״Ȼοȴ̾һĻ֮ɺɺͶҲҪˡ
ߣȻɺɺŭһĶ
飡
ͬһ̣ǰʯͻȻըʯܱɡ
̧ƻӵ⧲ЩæҡȻƾĶʦʵȻᱻͨʯ⣬ЩԲԭǣЩʯϾȻǿԪ
Сģ
µĺͻȻ𣬶һӽ⣬δüӦؿȻһ㵹ȥ
ৣ
նϮʯƣһϮµŮӣɱ
ʯСġƺ뵽˵ؾȻи֣ü΢ִ㵡ֻǶݵģ֮ľΪŮӵʵԼֵܹ
µͷѹһĻҳѹ֣ҲһĿꡣ˵ĳ֣ø»ᣬ˶
ɱ֪ǲҶӰ죬һȳȻıǽԷһնΣ
谵еĽͬ磬͵Ŀ˺۹â˸󣬶ٶȻָƽ
ڴĻȼţ֪ʲôľ֬ʮȼֱû΢ļ󣬷žͻ۵Ļ⡣
Ⲣ䵽ڵλãȻͿղǵʯļն֮ʲô
½㣿һƺСĵĺ
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Ҷ·϶ͻȻʧͷ׻뵽϶үǵս㲻ҲԻľƣﻹи·
ںɫڳ֮ѰһԵ˿νʮѣҶ첻òؼСһͰľеľӲ֦˻ᣬݺݵҶϹ
ʹϴҶܹԼѾ࣬ⲢԼе飬϶˿ָһС
ȻУҶ첢δɥʧǣͨ򵥶ٵķҶΧڹľֵķΧ֮ڡ
Ϊڽľ֮϶˵ط׵ų϶˵һ仰ʱ²һյʱ䣬Ӧþ͸
Ȼȷ˷ΧҶʣµıֻѰԼһʱҶҵ˻·ߵ϶
ҵ϶֮Ҷ쳤һڴĿѹŵʯҲж
Ҷȥ϶Ҫڱϡָһ϶ֱۣһ󺮳ȴȻϮ
Ĵ̼֮£Ҷ̵ֱĸо˵ʹǳʶĳ֮Ȼأʹݡ
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϶֮ǹɺٶϮҶȴû֣ɺϮֱۡĴʹ֮£Ҷ췢һͺ
Ŀϸֻ϶ϾǺѪɫɷףü䡢ҡȻѾһϸı˪˪ףǷŵһֹӳҶ˿ҶУȴֻеۡ
һ̣ҶͷͻȻӿ⡣϶֮ǰǿջЦ󣬸˶ʹ
뵽ҶҧأκᣬһѸ϶ɽȥ
϶Ҷ󱳣ȴ˿ûдеȡ෴ģΧĽӴʹúͬκ˰ӿҶ塣
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Ҷ쵹һȻ˿̵ҪȺȥºͼ֡
ģҶֽǿʼ飬ü޷Ҳһ˪زĴ
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֪ʱѷЪֹһ޵գ֮ҲڷһĨ
̧ͷ˿ɫⳡ⾹ȻѾһϡ
϶ڻԵУҶ쾹Ҳоһ޷ƣ룬˼άᣬ˲ԶԶߡ
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һξ룬ƺû׵ռҶĵ򣬶ȫѪ֮⣬Ż
Ҷ졭
Ҷ˼ҲԽ֮ʱϵ϶ȴͻȻһ䡣
϶ҶԺȻųһϽͣ½Ų϶Сķ£еĿȥ
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ҶͼϢдģʶֵԪԣڴ߷Ǻô
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306 
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Ҷ첻ɿƵһһ̣ͷԾȻȫѪƺΪ֮ڡ
ͺչԹϮɢֳľ޴ĥЩҶȥ
྿Ŀġ
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ĶͷͲ촽ǺѪɫķףϣ΢г鴤ʿ֪ڳž޴ĥ
Ҷ졭
϶һƺеڲʲôԣҶΪ˺εȵʹȻҲ
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ͷһů϶оȫĺȻӿˣˣ⿪ʼѪҺڲء
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һˣΧ˪ҲѸڻ϶Ҳڶʱڻָһж˵ȬΪʱ磬ԾĽ
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϶ž޴ĥΪʹͷſҶ졣
˸жģǣ϶Ȼ֪ҶѪ辭ȴ֪ھʲôѪҺ֪ĻԻҡ
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֪㣬ѾڵֻҪҶôһб㶼ԵòôҪ
ţ϶ȴͻȻЩƽûʹûĻƭǵϲҶ죬ΪξͷҪԼ
뵽϶ԽľͷԷȣҶģ˫о΢

Ҷ˵һʲô϶û壬˵һ仰ﲻǽΡ
˵ʲôأ϶ϸĿҶ죬ٲͦȴͿһֺԼһо˿ſž͸олƵá
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307 
ҶȫʱɫѾ겻֪ǺʱЪֹģּµϢ
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Ŷ϶ʧĴӦһɽȥ
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ȿȡɶ˵ȥ»һЩٶ˵ƺɻСǰ˵עЩ
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ɺɺҪڣҶĿһȻٶ಻ҲֻܱӣΪһָоٶ˵һ䣬ҶܻԥĲӡ


308 뻢
ɺɺôˣԶû˿֮⣬ֱʱֲ̣мŶ
ҶЩ֣֪ΪΣ޷顣ɺɺˣͶɫҶĻ䱬Դ
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ճɽҶȴֶˣǸϽ϶ѯʣʹ֮󷽲ŵ֪ԭ´ҼѰҰ伢ȥˡ

Ҷ̾һһΪϺˣȻƫƫϲɺɺǸ޵Ůӡ
ǱˣҶ̾ʵ
϶ָ棬ǻطķҶ˵ͷʾ̡
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ջɲǺܺãдȴ顣
͹ټλ⻹סꣿ
ӭģǸƺ˵С


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ȡͲֽЩʪּбˮơҹһҹ콵ּ꣬ģԭҲųٳδԭ
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ƹĽֽģĿİ

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˵ʲô֪Ҳ࣬Ȱλ⼸ֱõġС˵գŻŵȥˡ
СԶ֮󣬾ƺЦһûϢѹֻСˡ
εͷȻҶѣǲ뵽ԼͬһĽɫⰵ˻
СôˣܱõĶࡣĵ˾ƺҪȶ֡
٣ŲСʺƺˣɻñ˸ԼȣɻǲֻȣȲ˼ҡ
ţȻţɱˣúóԷɡҶΰȴǣСЩ̫Ծ
ƺ˰οͣŵҪС˼ҸȰȰҲȰסֻǿǳ󣬾ƺ㳹ͣ
ԷԷˡþƺ˱ꡣ
˿Сٶȳ֣ȴûкֻ첽ǰǰбȣ͸ŷ硣
ĿƺһҶ΢ЦͷСҲǺһЦٿ
϶ԲˡҶһƬŵ϶У϶Ǹж㷢ҶͶĿ⡣϶ӱһӦ׹
ӴӴӴƺɲףǸϽû塣
ϸƨķ±ź򣬲ȴҲ˻Цֹ
϶ƺЩߣͷ˿С̧ͷ죬۽Ӧܹ˵Ķ
ˣԷԷҶ˰֣ٶ϶мвˡ
϶һЦԷҶ֮˭Ҳûע⵽ͷѾʧ
Ҷڵĺܣϵ϶мŸֲƷ飬Լɺɺٰչ˵ģٱ̾һʼƺȾƣƺͰƣһļϣһݡ
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еɫѾʼϸ΢İɫĭ
϶ü΢Ҷ죬Ҷ⣬ɫĵ˵ͷ
ƲжҿջСͨɫ
С͸ŷ磬ʵȴƵƵ۽ɨˣҶΪ˲ݾߣԲûֹ˳ʳƲˣˣڳ϶Ҷ֮⣬ѾѾЩ֢״
ӦɺҩʵĶҩҩǿҶ첻֪Կ϶ǶԷΪ˲ɣҩһʮֻġ
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˵һ磬ȻҲʲôĿģǾͲö֪ˡ
СϷô䡣Ҷ˵գĴ˴ʮӡ
УУȥ͹ٰšСǺһЦǰͷ·˶¥
Ҷ϶һۣˡʹ٣˵ҪϢǿҶ¥ȥ
͹٣˾Ϳ䡭
СʵƽʱҶֻСΪ˶׬ϷǮ˵ǰ뽫˷ɢһ׽á
ˣԡ
Ҷִ֣СֻܸЦһλõķ򿪡
ͷСˣٽ㡣Ҷ첢ûΪĽԶ¶ɫ
ҶСˣ˵ҶѾ֧ŲסҪˡ
ǿ͹ۺúϢСȥˡСһ˦Ĩͷתȥ
Ҷлתһ̣ǾԹһĨЦ


310 ջҹ
䷿ˡ
ƺҶһ䡣϶һ䣬ķֲ
Ҷ콫ƺͶٺãȻڴ˼ĶԲߡּҿջȻƸǧ˿ƵϵϴεĽɱпܺҿջĪĹϵ
¿ջлпˣǻҹѡɢ˯֮󷽲Ŷ֣Ļһᱩ¶ʵΪկݵʵݡܶ༸ֱϣϾҶ϶ж
ҶҪҪû룬һ뷨ܿ㱻񶨡ΪȻҪԼ֣ôƱػܵļأҶ;ƺѾͬһ̯࣬ǣ߲˶Զ
Ȼ޷⣬ǾûҪ˷ʱ䣬Ӧ伴ǡ
ڲ֪ԷʵҶ컹ǾСΪϡֻԺԡĲҶվһľƺͶ֡ġǵգûнѶ㬳š
źҶһΣ϶סķ䡣۵
Ƭ̺϶˯ۿţҶ켷˽ȥ
¥ĳ䣬һ۵Сǰһ˫۾ҶÿһٶһĻǹһĨаЦݡ
Ҷ֮󣬲ɷ˵һѽ϶Ƶڴϡ϶֮ƺѼ֣ȻʼҶѹȥڴŤ
Ѿι;ƺʱӦüްҶͬʱ̽϶Ҫס첻
Ȼһ˳ɣ϶죬ȻȻС
϶Ҷֻʳжǳټ϶о裬ԪʳԲδܹȫɢ
Ҷ϶µǻָ൤裬Ͼ˶Ѫ辭ĥʧС¼սԲòδѡ
ݶϣΪײĵطһſתСͭ򡣽֮ΪֻͭΪɫͭʵʲôȴö֪
ͭƺתϸǿԷ֣ͭ򲢷ǻɣһͨĲʡϸһЩͨ۹âһͷͭ˫ȫעۡ
۾עҶ϶һһΪֻһĵļӣĿֺȴ˲ǡ
ȽݵŮӣһƫڱһַҲּˡ
죬Ƭ̺һĻ١ΪһӴ˽ҰŮ˵ڴϡ
һҪʲôڴúܡ
ѽ
ҶͻȻһ̧Ѿ϶Ҫһӡ
ˣҧҸҶʣβûʹ
˭۸ҵġ϶Ц˵ġ
ſң϶˵ġ
ţšĬĬΪҶ͡
һͨҶʮָס϶ʮָѹͷȥ
˫½ٶȲ죬ҶֻŻˣͬʱҪ϶ƫͷ㿪ļ϶һ顣
ǣ϶ȴû˿Ҫ˼Ȼ۾ЦҶ졣
Ҷ״ΣϷҪ棬ƭͭļߣҪ棬ͱȥ϶ǲ㣬ǿɾˡ
㰡Ҷ񴫴Ϣ
Ͳ϶ųĽë
㲻¶ˣҶ콹˵
Ͳ¶ˡ
ʲôףˣ㡣
˭ôġ
⣬취ƭӵˡҶ֮ȷҪƭߣֻһ취һѪСҹĴ﷿䣬Ϊ˵ͨͨĻ˭Ҳŵġ
Ҳܡ϶׽ŪҶ졣
ˣˡҶΪȣ˵촽Ѿ಻һָ롣
֡϶˵꣬Ȼ³һ
˽ߣҶͷ͵һһٷյѪ꣬ǡա̫࡭
һС·ӿҶһᣬ˫͵ӡȥ
ջ֪ƺһˡ

Ƭӡһ̣ҶͻȻоһʹ϶ϥǺᶥֱӶҶһʹҵ
Ҷû´һʹĶ϶̫˵ɡ
϶Ц˭ռұšװһŭɫǳޣ
ҶֱΪ϶ʱĵ⣬ף˵šҮ
ݡҶƲһ䡰ݻŸȥ
϶Ҷȥ´˨ЩǣƺΪղŵȥ̫Щ鸡
߼ĿתļţղŵĺϷ϶һƻʹͷϧ룬˯ܹҪ·İɡȻȲôҲܿɻܱɶûеǿ
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ֻԺŮӵĴ̣ȴδȥ·ֱ˽ȥ
ŰãĿ࣬šĥĳ档
Ϊĥ˫໥ĥĦԷõһ㣬˫ͬṹƺмһ澵Ӷĥʳơĥ
ߴ˷ܣΪְҵߣ˵ʵ̫࣬ŮŮͬǵһμοŮӻžݡ
ǣ϶ٶʧ
Ϊ϶ûκԤеĶֻһѳסԴû˶
߰һ䣬ǳڡְҵءǱܵǺʵѡĹۿ
Ƭ̺϶ƿӣԺ´ȥƺڷԼߴ˴λ
ģӵ˰죬ôˣҧгΪԭûпǹҶΪλ֪ŮӻҪǿ϶ҲûпҶ϶ŤУһŮΪγٳٲû󵽣϶ϱ֮ι·һöⶾĵ裬µȫת¡
ܿģڱüžŮ˯Ķ𣬺ȶ೤
Сôǣ
ζ谵ķͻȻһоȵ˴ӸͭǰĿ⣬׷˵ǰͭȥ
ɵĺĺأټŮѾû˶û˿ԥҲ˹ȥ
ǰͭջÿһ䣬ǰͭУŸոձŮӷġǿδ족Ǹꡣ
ģСûáһڣѰ˼ҪԼǹ϶ͱˡ
ûãûƹĻǰҹ
޿ɷһͭȥ
УֻǸݵ˫ۣͷ亹乣֫ҲƺڼΪĽţģڳž޴ʹࡣ
ӣ´ҩˣ
ɻӣСµɺҩذСӸӡ
УҶüͷ壬˫ǲֺΪһͭһˣȻῴĽ⣡
ѪȻʱѡ


311 ֣һ
˿̣ҶڵѪҺƺڣܹеĸܵݵ֫ٺɢ
ôҶаԾָо飬ʱԯֶ֮ݵļѪָо񺷣޿ƥС
ǣҶףǳѪоѣôʵʾ״ǵͬʱҲ޷Կصľء
ԲĴϣ;ƺڻԵУѾ쳣೤ľȡ
òСʱǱ
ӶջĿ⣬ҶǿסѪͷԣ֪ջ
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ȴԶ˵𣬺ֵϷңתԪѭʵʦҡ
ŽֵһֱǰԼ￪⣬ҵԪײڶԹʵֱĶʦںͺڡ
ٽЩбﴦһϢԼٶ༲УʵҶ쾹ȻҲܲ
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ٽЩҶڵջˡ
ջ㣬ǿջǵס˿ڶҶס㣬ʮͷ֪ͨҶ첢δܵ˼֮⻹ѹƵԪڡһǰ˿ںȾ죬ø֪˵̫Ѿس¥ϢĿˡ
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Ĺۿ˵ͣүǸ󺺣˿Ũüһмơ
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үˣС˼ǣʮƹĸˣҪˣǲѰһСǮСŵˣΪջòΪӯǻƸڴ˵صһ߾ݵ㡣
ƹƲүүүүûǮүСȶˣЩʶô
ɱһһ㶵ģүȻⵥáƬ̼ȴףǸӵġǶ˸Ͻǰ˵Ȱ׼үŪߡ
ССڵȴҲɱ˷ŻĽɫƽЩԿ˵ҲˣҪжģй
͹ٸϽ߰ɣˡСת䣬ذȻ䣬һȰ˵
ӵģүҲǸƢСȰ˵Ƿŭô˿̣Ҳ޿ֱ̧̣С
ȥģС״ХɽֵƲأذһĨһ
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СͬʱиO@ĽŲ࣬ӦֻжʮˣɢϢжϣʵͣһʦʦ֮ǻ
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ڳҶоһʵһʦڵſ

ʱƺͻȻһɵ˫ۻͬʱƿ˶ѹԼϵĴȡ
ƺƶֹŲ֪˵ЩʲôεǰδδƽμɺɺǸӡ
ջδСڣͻȻһ죡ȥ֪ͨƹģˣ
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飡
ͭ˸һ⣬֮ǰǸ沿ʹ꼱Ӷ𣬳¾űһȭɡ
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ĿɿڴĿǰÿͷжͭΪ֮ãǶĿͷ֮Ҳ֮Զһȭȥ¾žȻֱɳɾײȣѹƹĶӡ
զˣƺͶ˲ѹֻͻЩԺ
㲻ôˡҶתͷƺЦ
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ɱ
ڼΪݵĴ֮ڳŭҶӭȥһۿıذ׳ǰС
٣͹˯ˣСңЦŻնذס
˯ˣ͵ءҶ컹Цէ⡣


312 ֣
ذһ⣬мҶ첱Ҷ㣬ͬʱƺ̽
Сɫһǰ¾ŵӣȻСҶ졣
貵Ľǵױ֮ǰۣѵ߷ΧڣѹͽȻ㡣
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Ҷͫ΢иɫ⾪ȵȻȺƸĴˣԴڸղŵơ
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ХҶǰ֮ʱͻȻһΪ빥ֱնҶͲ
״ҶкżһԾݰתŴӵм䴩ͬʱһƻӳ׼ٶȳе͵Ϯߡ
飡
һѪɽɢƵľ޴£͵ϮԾΪ촷ۡ
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ڳ˾ԵһҲ˵СʵΣֶΣҲ㹻ľ
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ȴٶȵ͹Ҷʵ
ֻҶȻһƽĶüĴԪͽȻۣȻֻаƴСǳ貵İͼȴ쳣졣

ذײԪܣ֮ͼ΢΢ذ׶˵ȴ˲ʧȥӦ䡣
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Ҷ챩һԪȻпͬһ޴ķڣֱӰС
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飡
͵һϵЩһȻδ飬ҲԳ־񶯣С֮ܵͬź󷽴ȥ
СڿһѪȻȥʮʹ಻װģҶΪȻϣٲһơ
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ţСըѿһǿĳȻɢ֮ͬУԲʮڵϰΪ롣

˳ŰԪܣͬĶ죬ͼѣѼ

ڣһ˵ĳ֮󣬰ԪָܻƽҶδˣȴƳ֮Զײһľš
ҶվһڴСⱬɢֶκҹѪǿ˰ԪܵķȻˡ
н֮ɫԱô˿̣Ҷ췽ʶƸʵҪԶԼǿĶࡣ
Ҷ˼֮ʱֵԼɴȴͻȻ죬һڣµεɳȥ
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313 Χ
ը𣬵·ķеƹ͸ƿ͵̽ͷȴ̫ηɫ˵ؾ߷򶷣ϰΪ
ִˣһ˺ű޵ӤΪεվڴڵʵ
Ӧǰɡ˵䣬һӰһţ۾վûҹɫ²׽˿Ӱ
Ҷȫʩչ̤Ѫƺһ˿ֻоҪ֮ǰӯ࣬һӽܹգۼʮ֮Զ
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ߺߣҵǵ͹ǡɿ⴫ڳƹĻǰųѾ˳ųͷɵӰ١
Ҷһǰо˸ȴû˵
أƹߵʮҵλͣҹɫУʮ衣
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˵ͷҶϸĹ۲ƹỊ̇Ǳ㣬һԲϺ۾Сȴ˸ɭĺ⡣
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ˡҶش𣬳״ɢƹͷһҡ
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ϻ˵Ҷ˫³ױУƼ䱩貽⡣
ģҪ˺㣡
ƹĴһ޷ԹģƺҲ֡

󣬶ͬʱҹĻУӰȻײȥ
ҶСģ¾һ̹ƹӲӲ֮£ҶӦֲô
飡
ը𣬾ȸղŻҪ֣һܱͬɢĽֵһκ
飡
Ǽ죬ɢʮɿ⣬̯λһƷϡ
ӰֿԵɶأƹ˳ʮ࣬ҶǶʮɿⷽſסΡ
ؿھҶϵɫ΢΢ЩסڸղŵĶԻУӦóһСȴδȫĽȻôΣգֵãΪ̽˶Էʵ
ʦڣӵһң
û°ɣ¸ϽǰеĿҶ졣
Ҷ컺ҡͷĿֱԶǵӰ
ʦڼϵһңȥѧƿس̶ȣʵӦǿѹʦĴڡ
ҶĶʦڣΪȴѾﵽ˵ڶң֮ѪȻ״̬δȫʢһսҲǲܵ顣
ҹ·ȡ̡ºὣǰɫ
áҶ֣̽ٶȽµĹŴѪҺֻҪԼû£һ˿ܽ飬;Ůðղ֡
׸üʣ֪ΪΣҶʱȻܻһСŮ˵ǿС
ǡҶȫעŶԷǵӰΪԷѾˣٵ˵
ΪβҲ֣תڱԼ
æ֮УҶŤͷһۣ˿ڵ˸ŽɫĹһֲ津ϺͰԵ
״ͷһ̰֪ΪΣһƺ⳼

ƹѾǰңֻ˫Ƽ裬Ӱ
Ҷ첻д󣬰Ԫֳ֣ƣԱӡǼ
飡
գۼ䣬ԱӡӰײһ˷
ģ
ƹԼӰ˹ɱӡɢɵôһ䣬ͬʱҲǰòԩ
Ҷ죡
ԶٶȴһŮӵµ΢䣬鶯࣬Ȼй֮⣬ѹֵҹɫУȴͬת
ֵԷпֵĴ඼ˣǰǵĿ⼸ۼϣŴеĿ৵תӶ϶

ʱһƬǵڶΣһǿʱġ
϶üͷ΢壬ȺڷйսȺڣֱӼսţȴվһԵס
˿̣ҶѾƹĲһ̴һЩԵѧ޷ʩչԱӡƹղżӰ
ҶȴʮǰƻǰӡƣƣǺʺϽɱѧ
ƹܹƸҵλҲǰ׸ģս֮Ͽʼսѧ汸ʮѲ
Կ죬ѾʮУսԽţѾʮغϣʤȻδ
½㡭϶ü£ʮֲΪҪԼҶ졣
Ҳá̾ⲢǱԹһַӰĿǡ
϶΢˵ñ㲻ãҽҪȥ
˵գһ˦µ֣սš
¼״оȣԼѵ϶磿
뵽˴⽣ս۽
ƺͶʵϵͣ¸ոոѾһţǸϽǰս
ʱתۣԭȶսΪ˵ļ˲ߵС˵Χ£ƹʵ׽⣬ܿ¶
޳СɸҵƹƴȫܿˣŵԴϢĻᣬϽ𼤽
Ҷ컹δ˵϶Ѿǰͷ߳ޣھƲ¶ǾΪ
ƹԷֻܷսҶҲܲ϶ҲٱŵͷӾȫͼƹġ
ƹĶ˿̣ǿ֮ĩȫľڷҶϣº϶ʵǲͣҶϼΪĬһѷذ׹Ƶ꣬һԲǷƷĳΡ
ƹٶʹһһѪܵ˿ڡ
лףҶߺڲϵսУע⵽Ǳ⽣Ҳ޷ƹ壬˵Ͽ϶ʲô֮Ķ
ĿĸȷһΪսѧĹͣû뵽б׻Ƿ׷תƹƣֻȡ˫ۣ͹˫ȣʱƹڲҺһڵء
Ҷʾ֣ͣǰȥ˵Χ֮ʧʣ±׼ȥҪѰĻƸҶ졣


314 ݱܷâ
ƹѾսű֮ģҶĻ֮̾Ͷ˼
ǳڵѪӵˣȻȴҲ֪Ŀɹ󣬱˵һ屦ףҪ˫˫ֻۣҪܻҲԸȥ
ҲɵӣҶ˵»屦׾ͷʱǷҲûޡңƵûʹ
ܹ㣿ƹЦȻսܣȴӲޱܺı΢͵䡣
Ϊ֪ܹԱɢҶЦش
֮ǰСԱɢԷͬСɣҶ֪ԲƵƹҲôңղ˼йʤˣʤĲ̫ʡ
㣬ҶҪƹȥҪԭ
ȻҶ첢ʲôŮ֮ԻüйʧʣΪʼ˵ĶսУԷоһϸ֮⡣ɵ󣬾϶ƻ
ƹиһĨɫԱɢԽ̸ӵģҲֻ˻ᣬҶȻô˵Ǿ˵ѾıԱɢˡ
˺ܿ㱻ȡɽڲûաƹĽҧ޵ãӼסˣò˶ãҾͻῳĹͷӱ𣡡
ҶЦƹĵҲǸӣ¾Ȼҷųݻ
ƹ˵Ҳٷϻϴȥ¶ڹתס
ƹͣ¶ָ̽ƺ
Уæֹƹ˼Ҫþƺ֤Լ׺İȫ
û¡Ҷְ£ƺȥ
ƺ󣬶ʮҶ졣Щ飬Ҷ˰Ŀ󣬱˿ˡ
״ٶͼȰ˵ҶԴݵƽ
ƺҶվҶֱƹ˵˰ɣ
ƹͷҪƺֻΪԼһЩ϶ѡҶһ᲻ãԱɢûлҶİգֻҪƺԱɢǵУҶҲܹԱ޷ƺȫƾƺ΢ʵƹԱ֮¾
ֻܱ֤Ҷ첻ˣĻƺɡ
ͷƹĿʼ߶Ԫ˼״һҶ֪ڽ屦ס
ȻԪתһ֮󣬻屦ڹѸգۼһͨ
ƹ˹ٶȴϴۣ񶾵ĶҶ졣
ǼţǵҪҶЦԣͬʱʾƹ뿪ˡ
ƹĺ޵޲һҶ죬Ʋãֻͣһᱨˡ
Сӣ˯ŵ㣬ŪӾͳ㴲ͷšĹͷƹЦѧҶĿһݻתȥ
֫˺ܶˣ·һȳһգٶɲʱ㳹ʧҹɫ֮С
ջĿ⣬׷ǰ⽣޷ƿĻ屦ס
Ҷ쵽ûʲôȤ㽫׸˾ƺѾлҾƺʵ̫ͣһΣգԸӦѡ
ƺ˱Ǵ㵣ǾϲСԣЩ֮ĶرϲϴξҪǳδóѣ㡣
˶ҶľȻûʲô飬׷׶žƺ˵ҪãƺȻϣһСģ˵Ц֣ǿġ
Ҷ죬û뵽ңղŵĻһΪҪԼءƺú˵лƫƫŪôһ
ԣҶЦһȻղ֮Ҫô˵ΪıƹΪѱ׾ΪСһѰ֮ʱԼ
Ȼٶȷƣһҹɱʹƣ´ս񾭵Էɣһʱ䶼Щ
ǸϽһջϢȥɡƺմӵõĿлֱϮͷ
УҪҹ·ɫ˵
ΪɶƺˣȻûʵ۵òᡣ
ΪƸܿ͵õϢƴ˿Ѿ˴
ҶĶʾ˼ţĻɫ쾹ȻܹķǽС
ʦ˵ĲҪ뿪Ҷ˵
ϡҶҪˡƺҪϾ˻ûܲѹȸС
һڵϵľƺ
²˳٣ٵʱˣǿ߰ɡֵȡ
ҶüһۣʼЩǲǷĲɺɺҪ·׷˼ҡ
ƺűƷƬ֮׼·
šҶͻȻʾͣ£ǲˡ
ͶɻĿ⣬رǾƺ˵Ҳ㣬Ҳ㡭
ҸոպȻһ顣Ҷüһо͵µ
ش֮Ҷ˼Ƭ̺˵ˣҸطԸһޡ
Ϊʲôʮ־ȣУҶǽ侲ôûɱѪӿҪһƸ˶һ
ɱϢʱ֮٣ݽߣóȻУĽһǱ׷ϡҶ͵
ûʱѷĸ֮ʦĶ֡϶Ҷѯ˵ʱ³뷨
һ˼Ȼ򣬷׷̾ҶĽ̾ʱ򣬶ȴЩǡʿ֪ںɺɺƸ׷ϡɺɺĲҪʲô³ֱ붼롣
ģ峿뿪Ƹ˾ٶٿҲ׷֮ϣ˵⣬˿̶봹ĵؾˡ
Ҷ쿴˼ǳ԰ȴδָգҲûпΪ˸ӡ
º;ƺԣͷ΢ɣ϶ǳǳһЦҶ졣
˱ֵܿСƫԶɽ֮ضȥ֮ԱֵܿΪԷһϾͨƹ˿ԿڻƸΧڡ
Сɽƹɽ·Լһʱ֮˵ڳһƬɽ巿ᡣ
ļׯȻ˿ȻֻǶ΢Ѿвٷð̣ڿģũ˴￸ųͷģ׼ʼˡ
ȥסЩʱգʲôʱҳٺˣʲôʱ·
ҶָǰӣЩƾɵéݷԼĸΪĵطһиȻ
ΪɶסջƺȻǽǶӣȴסջסéݣȻԸ⡣
ǲȱңΪλᱻɱô¸ƺͷһۣҲֻܺߺʾ顣
˽ӣܿҵסԭ򲢲ΪпŮǸ˱סջҪֵӡ


315 
һϵ·̣ҵסֱ֮Ъˣһ˯İģʱĳֱ
Ӳ󣬶Ҳ㣬˵ȥˣûһܹһˡ
ԣֻº϶סڴ嶫ǸȽϸɾũңҶ졢ƺסڴƫһ꺺Ӽ
ӲһҲʮ˼ҡ˵Ǵ嶫ʵҲֻǸһСɽһСӣ·̡
ʮ֣Ӵũ̻طһϲûƣɫһֹҵİ
ܺã޷ơҰУƴֱ̱һƬ͡
Ҷģ֮ҲûˣԼȥתתɢɢģû뵽ǲСİѶ;ƺѡǵԭΪ߹ũҵķš
֨£
ŷ̶ĳ¸ƺͶ˯Ƭ̷ųתѡ
ɶȥƺɻĿѾ׵վſһƵҶ졣
ǳȥߡҶΣѶ˵ԭΪвס죬ԼԼƽ
Ҳȥ´תֺݺݵĴǲ׼ϴˡ
ȥɣһ˯һᡣƺԥƤϾ̫
˯ɣһǻ㣬һȥ½ǳԷҶ찵ңпɣ˵Ǿƺ
ƺѾ£Ҷ֮ҵһ󳶱ͷ˯
ֻǶ̶̵Ƭ̣ѾҶͶһۣ׷ݸ
˯񡣡Ʋ˵
ǡҶͷȴҲûȥ
ȻҶ˼һĹһЦȥϴ񡣡
Ƭ̺󣬶ʰ׵Ŵ嶫ͷǵסȥ
嶫ҪһСɽСɽͺͺģֻɽͷһ
Ҷ̧ͷһֻۣ׳֦ҶïӰ˺ôһƬط
ȥرͷ˱ܳɾܵأʲô飬Ҹ˵Сʱ򡭡Ҷ첻ţǽСʱľ
ʱʮרעҲˣҶĭɵĽһʱ䡣ŬŬ죬ɽȥ
׼ƹɽģ˵һһ㶸ƵģҶȻɾһ˵Ҳ˼ֺ档
ɽʵ̫СЩѧ˵ֱһԴѶѡ
˱Ѿɽ֮ϡ
˿ɽϼ֮Уϼ͸죬¶⡣
׳ĺݣ֦ϵ˺ɫĲǱһʯ̨֮Ϸһ¯๩ˮҲʡ
ûУĺأָŹϵĹƷϴеɫ˫ֺʮĿͷֹʼԸ
ղŵ˼ǹˮʣ˵˸Ʒ飬˭ûԵðʳ͸һ
ⲢҪ񲻸Ҷ£ƲһۣҶû˵ȴдɸֵı顣
ֻǳֿɫɵ֪ȻźɺɺйصԸ
ԸϣչһĨЦ
ˣҶʵ
ˡͷЦԽá
ĹãҶʡ
ϻ϶ðնղǿģϣܹɺɺӹںáȻ׼
ҶעӶһᣬ߸˵ҶתͷȥѧŶղŵģֿԸ
Ƭ̺ҶһԸϡ
״Ц㲻ǲôرһ𾴣
ˣ㶼˵˿϶ãܲôҶЦתߡ
ϣ֮ʵɶ
ɶҶ췴ʡ
ȸңȻٸ㡣˵գһת̲һ䣬ģ˵϶㻰ˣ
ҶЦ㣬˵ˣ˵˵Ҳûʲô˼ˡ
ôأôɨˣΪ⣬Ҷ첻ɨ˵ˣûɹɨ˵¡
˵ˣҶ쿴ЦݱЩζ
˵˵ʲô顭ЩԾ
ҸոԸǡҶϳĳոԸ׼
ʲô߰㣬ơ
һֻûڣӦٿҶ죬Ѿһݵʮɿ⡣
վס˺Ĺ죡װŭѽѽĳ
Ҷ촵ſǰͷƵţɶʳԼԾɺǺǺǵЦͣ
סҶһͨȭˬˣҲˣŰ̾ĵ׼ġ
ո㲻˵׼úôôֲ׼ˣҶŲ
׼ƨҶһۣٶ̾˵զء
Ҷ첻ģĽҪ򿪣ɺɺԶӰ̬պɻһĸӰ졣
Ҫ⿪ĽᣬǾͱҪԼΪ֮
ҶĬ׷һ䡣
˵ãҲ֪ܣԸʵ
Ҷٶȱʡ
˵Ҳ֪Ʊ磬һ£֪ҲҶȥ
ƨ֪ﶼ綼ҶͱˣȻбҪѶ
Ĳ֪Ųӿ죬ͼ˦Ҷ졣
վס㻹ǲǸүǣҶסдбӡ
̧ͷһۣŭɫת˲ţ֪ҶΪԼõֵܡ
ҡĬƬڿڡ
Ȼ֪ΪλҪ
㲻ҶĻκ
ǲһ䣬һˣԶҲõİҶüŶóͰοΪ仰Ӧܹ顣
Σ̾ҡͷЦ
ҶĶ˵Ѿ˵֮ҪôѡҶѾΪˡ
׼ô졣⣬ɺɺֵͬġ
ԣҶһ¶̫ð죬԰;ƺԸ¶ֻзĿɳһ
ȥ֮һȥ⣬֮飬˳ȻɡҶ죬˿̲Ѿ׳ɽͮƽɢ
Ҷ죬ʶʱ䲻㳤ҶǸʲôӦ˽⣬¡
Ҷ쾪ĿŶ߾Ȼ˵ĻһֱҶǷѽ;ȡ
ҵƷҵ¶һ;ƺߵһˮݵĵزϣܡû˵ȥ˵棬ҶѾˡ
Ҷû˵ֻĶļ˼ޱȵľ֮С
ʱɽһȴͻȻһˣӺ죬Ƭ̺ŷ֣Ƿˡ
Īǳʲô£
ˣ£


316 ë
ǽҶǵķպ˫иúСݺƺ
𼱣ʲô˵㲻˸󣬵նվںиǰԵӢͦΡ
иؿ˳һ·ǿ񱼶صġȻ˵ȴһֱңңָͷ
Ҷ״һаѵ϶ǳˣ
תͷ¶ͬɫ
и˳ԽԽ˵ղŻǺһĭ˿ȴ
ϽǰŒƬ֮и˵
иǿ˵ĴšҶͶһԭǵ¶Ǻиһ类ͷɽеϮˡ
ϮɵˣҶνֵһͨ鵤ԡ
磬²˳٣ȥɡ
и͵ĵͷǰͷҶͶиϡ
Լһʱһ֮ǰСݱȺиҵĻҪª֣ܲ©궬©硣
ƿЩľţиȳڣݱ㿪ʼŴһϢġ硱󺰣á硱ͦסСֵܻ
ƺһΪͨߣ⼸ƺɽţҲ֪϶ǲĽɫ
Ҷǰֻ̽ڴϵĶؿһƬѪģȹǳֱǶۣǲɭȻ©ж˺ۡ
ʲôϮҶ쿴ѾнûĶ磬üʡ
ӣһëĴӣ
и𣬴ԿνĺëӦʮֿ£Ѱޡ
ްɣʵ
ҶͷתӲȡһι£֮д֮⡣
⣬Ϊ¶ٺòˡ
˵գźиѯѮϵ˶иæܹȥ̽ƺ֮ݣʱת򵹣Ҷǧл
Ҷ֣תи˵һ貢󣬻һʵﾡáⵤǻƽƷҩƶɣأˣ븹ܿãתѣǱס
и״ٰݣҶۼֿ죬ֱֽסѯǺëӵ
ްиؿڵĴʯͷ˵أ֮£üɫ裬Ļʮ㣬һ㡣
һյʱ󣬺иڽꡣҶͶףνĺëӵȷޣһֻؽƷĳԳ
򵥵֮ҶöӲ߳һۣ׷״ӶԷпΪ˼
ҪҪǡָбǰһéݣº϶ס
ڶָȥһ˲䣬éݵķô򿪣˳һָԼĶ¶ɻɫ
ָҸʲôǲ˵ҵĻߵǰԶЦ
ĸҰ˵ġŬŬ죬͸䴰ӵĿնÿԿڴϻ˵Ķ硣
ǱǰиĹǺѣϾǹңһʰ׵󷽲ųš
϶Ҳ߳ŮӵıʣҶͶʵ޷һȥֻΣĳԳ
ƺвУǰһ䡣Ȼɫ

ͷһƬɽȻ˵ɽʵȴֻʮѡ
ɽֲïʢɫҲܲճ˵СɽвӦóֳԳֵȼ޲Ŷԡ
ںи˽⵽ҶѰһǺܸߵĶ¶ȥģΪиµ׵ʯз˵Ķ磬̧֮ʣë¶ݣƺֻ֮⡣
ݺиԣǶֻң·һӣԭ򣬿лˮݣʯܺñϡ
ˡҶ컷ܣľͺиһģһ
ԳᴦֵطҲɨһȦɻʵ
Ȼᡣ϶˵ȥ
˵ͷͬ⣬̶Ʈ϶¡
Ϸ֣Ŷ¸ǵˮʧɵģ֮й߻谵ԼĹ˼ֹء
ܸܵĵôҶŤͷ϶ղ֪ȴûвԳ˿Ϣ
϶ҡͷҶ֪ʱҲ֪ͬģҲûܲõ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ճ˵޲ԼϢкܸߵǡԳȻķᣬȴԴﲻȥϢĵز
˼Ǽ䣬϶ɫȴͻȻת䡣
Ҹܵˣ϶˷ܵĺһּȥ
˽ϣһ·ۣԼ֮⣬ҶҲڲ˳ԳϢ
һһı֮Ȼ΢ָоȴ쳣
žԳϢҲԽԽһıҲǱԽ
Ƭ̺ĵӰһɽ֮ǰǹϢǴдվڶڴϢ֮·һ棬һʹŶ
Ҷ϶һۣϢǿңԳӦڱŭĵͷڽȥǺǡ
Ҷʾ£ϲԶһŴ֮ϣʱ۲Ŷڵ
ϢǿͣҲΪңµò˳ԳĶչԾ
϶ܸܵһֻ޵ϢôҶ϶վһغ֦ϡ
϶΢΢ҡͷƬȴȻ򣬵᲻ֻԳ
ҶͷЦӦǵģʵֻҪԳɡ
ԳǵؽƷޣʵ˵Ϊͳǿ
ʵȻܲס˵ΧȴǺܴģһСģпܾͻᱻԳһˡ
û뵽ֵطȻܹԳ϶пһ䣬Ѫڰ֯ԱʵҪԴǿѪҺԶų˵˽⡣
Գһ㶼۾ڻɽΪɽļ֮ڵҪԴǣƺڷԲǧҲû˵лɽֻԳô
϶һ¡ҶͻȻ
ʲô£϶ŤͷľȻûпЦ
ǹѪ辭顣ҶԥƬ̷ſڡ
ԣ϶ƺһĨʧɫת˲ָ糣Цҿɲܸ㡣
ΪΣҶʵ
ӡ̫ǿóȻ롣϶ּڶʱҶڳѪէֵĳ
룿ҶʣƵĻԯҲ˵
϶˵ͷ֪޷ѹѪҺĥЩı˸ԼʹεȾңɲ뿴Ҷܸµĥ
Ҷ컹ʣʱȴͻȻһŭĿ漴һɼΪԵӶ󣬳ʮ֮һƬڡ


317 Գ
֮¹ʮڵֲ˲仯Ϊɻңһŷɢ
ˣҶעӶڣֻܸܵԳѾ붴ԽԽ
δ䣬ٶȴŭϮʮɵĻٶ䡣

δɢͻȻһȳӰǵӰٶȼ죬գۼï֮ܵС
Ҷ죬׷׷һ֦ϴµ
ʱ׷Ҷ쾡ѹԳҲǰ׸ģȻѹԼԪϢǻǵע⡣
ٲ׷ԶˡºҶ϶ͬѪ辭ж޵ĸ֪ûܲɽлһֻԳ
Ҷָָɽʾ滹һֻ
¼״ֱ£ɽӶȥҶ˼ȻҶĶˣԳѾ뿪ȥ̽һ
϶Ҷ״󾪣ǻһֻԳģҸոմ˽Լ֮Уڱŭ״̬ʱٶ룬ùͷô
½㣡϶ţµӰɽ֮С
Ҷû˵̤ȫʩչ֮£գۼ˽ȥ
һҶ첢оһܹսüëϮǱŭµľȻ󣬶һէȻ
СģҶʶĺΪǾʧӡ
µʵ㻹ûಫرǿޣǴûмʶһʱ侹лңǧһĹͷ
ͬһ׺Ļһ赲Ŀꡣ
Ҷͷһ±าǣƾ㲻ΪǾҲڡңҲʹࡣ
±ϾҲǸ״ӣǧһʱȻתѡסֺὣأмģ󳤽һһˮµ
ԳΪģ²ɢ֪ʶһ۵Ĺ򣬱Ѿǰγһϡ
ӿһ֮󷢳죬ȴûܳϣðһ̱ɢ
ȻιµĶͷȴ亹乶£ֻһ㣬Ƭ̹򣬹Ѿһɻˡ

谵ɽͽȻһ˫˫ۣöŻĹ׹⺧ˡ
ߣ
ҶŤͷһۣٶתͷʱһֻΧкСȭͷȻϮ
ͣ
ַˮȴֱ࣬Щ̶͵һһ˿˴͸
ͫȻֳһһХֱնԳĸ
Գŭʢ಻ԼĶȻͼϮԼǲ֪

һ𣬳ԳϮĽ˫ȭ͵棬˫ȭأһȭ˲䱬ɢ
εĻԶ֮ǰĻҪ׺¸Ӧͷʱһ
һ̣ʱ·𶼱ˣڻŰĺХУĴҶ콹ĺƿ֮ǳ棬ֻһ˲䣬±ܵ忪ʼɵĸо

ʱеĳͽȻ󣬾˵УȻת
ųתҫ۵Ĺâʱ貶ԳΪģһ쫷ڹâӳϯ
˱쫷һͷʱ˲٣µĺͽȻһɣԺٶһЩ
ߣ
ҶӰ¸о첲һıһɴֱתǰҶ커ǰ
һ̣ͻ֮ǰҶץУȵĻȴ˲Ҷֱֽۡ
ҶҧδʹȴܹܵõҶղžвµһ׳ֱۣһϢС
Ҷ졭кһΣʱ̣ȵĴ𡭡
һֹ֮ĸоĵµһƬΣ֪УȻ˿к֡
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Ƭֻ̺絹룬ھǰ
æǿϵĺȥٶȻֱָɽŮ̬

Ҷȫ̤߳ӶڸڰӹһߺԶȥ
һͬĳ࣬ǻЩڣ¶֮ȣ֪
϶ۼ⣬һ۱㿴ҶֱϵƣƤڣ֮ˡ
Ҷ죡϶ͷһʹ侲֮ȴٴεȺ
ͷӦ϶Ҷķ׷ȥ϶ߣҲˣǸӣΪΣվͲѡ
ɽڣһŭͬʱһȫľ޴Ӱ˳
飡
˫ȭݺݵĴԼǰأÿδл佦һ֮ߣȫ¶ȼһɭһ˫˸Ѫ׹⡣
ֱƬ̣Գ޴εƫ׷ȥ
Ҷ¿񱼳﷽ͣ£֪֮£ΧĵϢڼӶ
󷽣ĵ϶ƫ򣬶ȫʣµϢһݷڶǰ￪⣬֮ǰֻܵĳԳ
ʣһԶ϶ٶҶڵĵط׷
û°ɣ
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ͬʱڣҶΪĬЦȴЩεĵͷȥ
Ҷһ飬ҡͷ
Ҳû¡Ҷ̧ϸԼֱ۸ղűԳ֮ˣǳѪ֮壬˺Ƥǻˣֱճɻҽˡ
ˣҶͷǴ󾪣Ѫ伫ףܹ֮˺ɵǷͬ졣
ԡ
ţҶȴͻȻӦڿ˵Ѫһûм̸ףǺ£û㲻ˡ
ʲôԣɫѾָ糣
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϶ϢԽյʱڳǰ
ô϶ֹеҶǰͷֱ̽ϵơ
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϶ûҶ죬ϸڷһʵǻҪҪ
ҪȻҪ첻ʰëӣŭƽҶ뿪Ц˵
Ѿһ֮ˡ϶֪󿪿˵
йâ֪ΪΣʼվҶ϶ЩĳЩܡø֪һ˵Ƕ˵ʵԼ֪ȴҪԶԶԼⲢϳ
ˣ
˼֮ʣҶصͻȻڶ


318 Σ
һøߴĹ֦ҶïҶǵ͵ģ˿̳ǧƬҶ죬ĳһƬҶ΢΢´һˮ
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δ䣬һƶˮڰգϸŵΪһ
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֮ͬʱ˹ͬһڵľˣɲǼϯ˷Բʮ֮ء
״Ҷͫ΢ԳԶԼ롣
ͳǿֻϵ˵ʵϣԳƻҪѹһͳﵽͳҲδ֪
ȻֻǶƻĿ϶ЩòĶޣ޾ǿҲ޷Ტۡˣǵƻᱻˮۿۡ
һע⣬ѰһᡣҶܿһˣº϶
Եͷо¶ɫע˵ɣʵȴΣ֮Ҷ̤ľٶȣҪе൱ķա
ζҪԳȫԼϣһĶʦʵͳǿߵĹΣճ̶ȿ֪
УǷΧ϶ԥƬ̺󿪿˵
϶˵Ķԣ¸ͣΧȷʵҶĿҪĶࡣ
Ҷüͷ壬ΧζҪ̯ΣաԳɲһޣ֮ǿ̶ڳѪļ֮
֪ʶͨѪҺմһǰ㣬Ƶͻᱻٻ϶еѪҺʲôҶȻ֪Կ϶һǣѪҺ˼Ʒʣͷ϶ѪҺȼ֮Ǳ˵ƻֹ
˵䣬ѾȥԳȻ϶һΪҪΧΪȴϡ϶ȥԳŭҶҪȴֹĹ
˻Ҷ״ԼѡĿ겢ȫǳ˵ĵǾݶٵԷľ
Ҷ̤϶ˣٶȺǿȶҪԶһأοڵĳѪǼ֮ǰ֮յȴֻƤ֮ˣ˵Ѫѹ֮ġ㣬ҶӦõĿ
ЩȻֻ֪֪Ҷð˴գΪҲ϶ԼܵͬΣա
ԣѡ˶Գ
ৣ
գһɫâ죬ųԳնȥ
Գ״ŭ˫ȭ͵شأ䣬һŭͬʱ
ף
ڳԳŭļ϶ҶȴƳؿڲʵҽѪҺ
˿̣âԺն֮նԳ䣬ȴΪգһֻ˶ȭͷڻ
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϶ǰذռ裬նײȭ֮޲׻Ϊ촷ۡһʱ䣬˶Σվء
״ҶлһĨ⣬ûз棬Ȼⲻ룬Ϊ侲ٵķΪһҪץסһᣬº϶տɾͰðˡ

һХҰ
ԳϾޣ΢΢ͣͣͷһ̽
̶̵һ˲䣬һͽȻ˶֮ǰС˸żᶨĹâһ˫ƽ貣Ƿ

ԳԿ񱩵ŭ𣬷Բ֮ھȻľɳɳ졣
ȭػڿлһŰĻˣһ̣⵨ðԼСཫȱҳΪҽ
飡
ҵ˹ϮҶͷ˲ðһȺھȭϮ֮ǰȴѾ˫ƽӡ˳Գؿ֮ϡ
УԳ˶ȻŵźؿҲѪĽըĿĵ˴
ڵƤⷢĿ㣬һЩȴⷭӿļ⡣
ԳǺɫķвҽڻɭ׵¶Ѫ֮⡣Կűŭ쳣ı飬ͷ˿ؿڵƣ̧˫ȭٶؿȫѾƵصƣ״
ôʱ̣Ҷº϶ߣ鼫Ϊ֣أݷĵ˵ɿ⣡
Լûκʶˣ֪ΪΣղһ̣ҶϸܵһױȵϢǰº϶ȻһҼСŮ֮ġ
ܿģ˱Ѿ˳֮⡣Ҷͷȥ룬ǵʵԱӦ¡
ɣͷҶӶջĿ⣬ȻֱӳԳһ˫˸Żľ
һƽ󱬳·Ϲ֮ϱ
غ𡭡
ԳԭǱ֮ı˲ʧȡ֮ľһ־ɲĸо
Ҷ״΢ɻ󣬵֮ǰѰ˪һʱ䱩¶׺ޣԳı֣ӦҲйء
ΪƾϵƺһڿȴǲҪˡ
ҶţЦʵɨڨڨתͷҪȥĳԳ
û°ɣ
ʱһȴͻȻּһҶãôƫƫڹϳ֡

ԳһٶȻָĿҶղ¶࣬Ҫرܣº϶ֱҶ커󣬳ԳлûطȻʱ֡ڳԳ˵ֱѩ̿

Գ˶͵ӰȻգ˲Խʮɵľ룬С
˼״ʧɫº϶̫ԶԮ֣ҶȻ㹻ٶȴû㹻ֹԳһڸղƱɿ
Ҷֻ˵ԳҪɱҪƵʱ䡣
ǣȱľʱ䣡
·ģϲһȦӣϵʱûԳǡɵǣǳԳҶ޷ȥľ󡭡
ǣȻΪԳʧȥսѾŸдڽԳʮҵĵط

ҵķڶ𣬶ĿɿڴĿͻȻ֮֡
ԪʶĻΪһͨͨĶʦֵܹסӵͳǿʵĳԳ
˹ͬҽƤϴĵ˿֮УоͷʼŻƤʼ役ڣڵˮֺѸʧ


319 ҿ

˻Һ׵¶޷ܣȫ˲˲䱻û
ȻʮΣȴδȫңþȫתԪͼͨԪһ㡣
֪֪֮ԼԪͲԵֵ֮Ҳֻ̫࣬ҶܹڹؼʱǰԼ
Ҷ첢ûʧڳԳͬһʱ̱ǰƣƵĶ˳Գ˶ͷ­֮ϡ
Ǻ󷢶Ҷûлƿ³ԳĹֻͨͻͷͼֹԳĶ
ƽӲӣҲǲ𡣿ǣԳͷ­֪ΪξӲǳҶƾȻҲֺ
Ҷ״֪һ֮սȻмȴδʧȥǣһѳװŵĲԶһ֮ջٵ衣
྿Ŀġ
۵Ԫڿʼѣ죬ͺͶһеĸɲ
ʵ˵ڣʱֻǹһ˲ѡ
Ԫֻһ˲䣬ҶУƾҲһ˲ӳ

һСڲϿóԳǷŭ˿ؿڵҽһѪҺͷػȻʱ޴󰭣ȴⲻ˵ͷֱըѡ
ͷ­ǳԳȫΪӲĵطҲ̻ڵĵط֮ĵط
ͷ­ķչʷбϵƺͽʱգӲ̶ȣѾԶʯ
Ҷ첻˳Գɢ˳ˣҲѾȼŵͷֻͷͻ˿ЪԳͷ͹

ķ㱻ݻ٣˳룬Ƥʼڼ¶֮¹ˮݡ
Ҷ졭ҡ
ͷԼһѾɻ˵Ҷ졣
ҶͻԳͷͨ췺ڵĻУ˸Ľ⡣
Ҷ죡
Զ϶¼ͬʱһֽǻߺһ̣ǵľͺһֻεĴ߬ţɤ͵ĳק
ƺԶƽʱαɢ³϶ذߺɱһͬӿ
ƸӰ½һֹͷǱʶʹʹ˸ͲȴƸӰ
Ȱգָֽӡֳָ졣˿ɽ𣬴һϮӶͷ˿Ʈĵ
µЩ죬ҧأɫ쳣ļ㡣
ƸӰ״ѧɲƸط״˽ɢ⣬Ҳ˵ܹƿصԪ󻯼⣬ڸɱǧ֮⡣
ѧΪͺͼͣƸľƱڱͣҵķ転ȭȻҲǼ͵ĵʹƸӰֱǲҪ͵ĶĲ򷨡
˿̣µĳ֮ͽȻɢƥââ󣬷Բʮ֮ھȻ֡

һˣһʩչɹʹƸӰ
ǻƶӰӰΪɱ֮
˻˻˻
ϸŵ죬һСƬһѼķʽһ£Ƭ̺󣬵ϳһ΢ĺӰ״糤
飡
òЪֹĴҶҧƴػųԳͷ­ô˿̣ѾΪȶǷҪΪĲҽֹͣҲѾʼ𽥱ٳɽڡ
ʹ˿ҽ϶ȴûϢ
еĳ϶ɫʹ쳣ڵءͷ亹乶£ܵ˫ĿУסǼȽεɫ
ڸղţļҶİΣٶȴ߳Ѫ辭ȻڵĽ
֮ǰոռı֮үĴսķеҶԳѪļ֮ѹڻҪز˵֮С
Դ˷ٶǿмı֮⣬ûȰҶ죬϶ԼѾΣձԵ
ͣ
ͻȻʼϵĺӰԽֻܼգۼ䣬Ȼٵ֮ࡣ
УµĶͷ£ޱߵĳҲʪ֮ϣЩңȴƽ˼
Ѿоҵֻʣģ߽ƺ˵֣һŮ֡
顭

Ҷٶȿȫۡ
ԪѪ֮
ͼ֣Ƹתݣ·Ҫѳȥ
Գ͵һͣܵвԼϵ꣬εĳֺпܻըԼԴ
Զеλһ£Ǿһ˿ѪƸӰ̶ֳȵѧû㹻ȥ֧䣬֧Ųסˡ
֮϶·Բ֮ڱһ㱡ĺ˪֣ǳԳ޷ڡ
ԳŤͷҶ죬˶иֳһĨĹͬ棬ȴܶ˸
˿̵ҶҲѾΪǱȫµﱻΪɻңһȴʮֽýļҲѾֳ֮״ȴϬ񣬷·һ̣һ㡣
ȥ
һһޣĿƬ̣ҶͽȻҫ۽󡣶󱡴΢һһ֣С
󱬳һɲǣԳ͵ļ¶һ¡ȻޣѾһ֮ǰ׽ŪŰµǣˡ
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ƺİ㣬Գһ͵͵˻ŶǸСȴӵɽƵеϽ⡣
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ӰԽͼ
ٵɫӰһ͵ΨһĿ꼤ӰӵӰڵأȴҲκʵԵĽ
飡
ԱӡȻҶЮž޴ӡ˳Գͷ­
ಣ
󣬲ƽӰȫûʵʵĽӰÿγȴóԳ
ҽѪʼĴ䣬ԳκȻأͷ­ڵǰһ̣һơֺȻըѣͷǹǱƷɳȥ׼ӵԽա
ʬֱأΧѸɢȥҶ˿Ѿͬһ̿ˣȫ¾һƬڡ
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Ҷ죡
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Գɱʩڶϵ֮ˣѾһϢȫﻹһĵط
ҶгѪֻ֣֮޷ɶͲͬˣֻһͨͨĶʦ֮ûճɻҽȻҪء
лѽѽĺţ⿴Ѿ޷֮Ϊһˣٹһʱ̣᳹׻ΪĹꡭ
ҶҪػֵܣˣҶжģҾġ϶ᶨе뷨ȻѵƶŽŲ֮Ų˶ߡ
ԳͬҽѪҺ϶ɷ׵촽źϣһ϶صľƾոֶ


320 Ķ
ҶʱɫѾ͸ּһƬֻϸĳ
Χľս͵ѪȻϵζ༸ɿ⣬ԳǾ޴ʬڴˡ

ĵͺһֻƤ֮ˣȫ±˿ĸоܡ
ĿĹˣԼһյĻѣһ԰ŪȴǶ϶£ǰԼ࣬ǵ±һӲݣǶ׼ġ
ˣоôǰҶ죬С
Ҷһȷ˵ڼһɲͿһ¡һ֮ˣôվԼǰ
㡭ҶȻȣȴ£ζֵܣʹǷű˹꣬ҶҲԼ֡
̾һƺ޾ִ꣬ӵظһϲһĪһʹüͷ
ôˣҶͷһԤУľҲԼΪơ
ԣҶ죬Ŀͣ˼Ϣ֮ٶȰ̾һ㿴
˵֣ƽ̯ĿתԼƣƺھ۾˼ʲô顣
Ҷ쾲ţһ̻ᷢʲôﾹȻѾһЩ档

ƾմдĽӣƬ֮󣬾ȻתڡȻֻССһأּ׵¶ȴɢңҶܹܵĵǴԾĻ棬һֶǺεȵ
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ܹƿ֮һ£øӵ֮֮ʵʾ״ǡ
ȻҶûֱӵΪλܹƿ֮ΪѪ辭ÿ˶ܹ׽ܵģںܶѪ辭ӡ󣬡а䡱Ѿٹ̡
֮𣿡ʣֻǾԼΪܹƿسԳĻ棬ȴֻ֪֮
Ҷ˵ͷԳĴϢ˵һ飬ؽ֮֮
˰죬š˵֮ǻ𣬻˵һĶֻҪʩ߲֮Զݽߡ
ϲ㣬ʦ֣ҶĶļֵءֱڹˡѲк󸣡仰
ǺǡЦһεϲ֮˵Ѿһˡ
Ҷһ׹϶Ѿ֪ܹ֮һ֮ΪѪ辭Եʡ
ҪаοҶֻܰѶλĳԳѪҺŵһߣ⣬Ӧ϶Ϊ֮ҶҲ顣
ʦ֣㻹㣬ڳ˸ǿ֮⣬ѵ֮ǰʲôôҶЦʵ
Уʵһֻ޵ѪҺѾˡȻ£˼Ƚؾɣѽ顣
⻰Ȼ˵ЩȴҶܵ˶Ρ
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ʲôȻһӡУҶ϶ɲŮò֮ϵһԶҶ쾹Ȼ˵ŵѪҺʵöЩԽܡ
㲻ôҶʵ
šʶ˵ţ;ȴҲɲˡΪԼʱǰһĻ
϶ɢ޾ĹӾΧƣȻ϶ԼԼһһֵȥȻ󣬹㷢ˡ
ЩһԳѪҺںϣ뵽ԼѾճɽǵ֮С
ǡ
˵ʲôҶѾתȥ
˵ˣΪһǡ𡱵ͳʿô˭ҲȰԺ󻹻Ϊͷ
Ҷ죬ˡԼУնɱ˱У
˵ͷҶοĿ˶һۡûԼʧѪ辭ϺͶԴɺɺһ̣Ҳ޿ɾҩˡ
϶ȵ԰ɣ˹ȥڼ϶ǲҰ׵ɫ֮ҶͷĽȻһʹ
ǵģ϶ˣæ˵ճڣоһ˿ףǼæεĸĿڵɢý˪
˵գӦƬ̣ͻȻһԽԽڰĸо
ҶһЦⷱص˼ˡҶԣֻǶ϶ڻԣ϶ҲѾԣҪٺ˱ǱȻнĽӴȻΪ¶
ЦɶŰ֮Ѿ֪νΪˡ
šҶĶеıŤҶ˽ȻͨѪ辭飬϶һ˿šۡ
ţۣټҶݵĸһʱǰ߾
ֵһôʱˣҶʲôѵ㲻֪ЩȴµǾǱֵᡣ

Цʲô
ȻЦ㡣
˵Ķʵ
û˵˵ٻǶˡҶ˰֣ٶŪ
ٲŷӦһ
ȻֵܼκεĲ졣˶º϶ǰҶϸķֱ˵ƣһߣһҶ죬һʻҲʻʵģ
һҶһŵĶֻۡǼ򵥵ķѹأֻҪµȬ϶ҪԸһЩҶȻľ֢״ܹµһڵļ֮йء
ʦ֣ûпҵĲҶ컷Ŀͬʱʵ
ҡҡͷ֮ͿʼæŰˣ˼ȥעһССĲ
Ҷ챾Ҳûָܹʹ֮ǰȥѰҡ
ɿ⣬ҶҵԼĲ˿ҹ¹⣬Ҷ쿴һֻƵĶڰŲʳ
ΣҶûⲼеĵ趼᲻õıӲȻӸ͵ԣ
ҿĵǴ󱥿ڸҶһ߷˴۵ʰ𲼰ʼеĵ衣
ѩɫĵ衭
Ҷһһţûһű㽻Уһ㣬˵ţĵ边ȻǴӸ͵һš
ģҶײֿڣ¿ļˡ
ʱܹղžԲֻ߷ô򵥣
ⶼɶһϺɫĵ迴ͣļЩΪҶء
ҩ衣ҶҲԸͣж裬϶ߡ
ѡ˼Ŷ֢ƷߵĵֱΪ˷ºҶٴʣĵѡȡ˼Լ¡
鵤ҩǿֻһ㲻Ĺº϶׷תѵļ
Ҷ״һڴ浽һ룬һֻԳǿ񱩵ϢȴͽȻڶϷ֮ڣңŴ˵ؿ񱼶


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ҶͶͬڶϢĸ֪˵˿Ҷ졣ҶڵǳѪܹȫԳѪҺĶ˵ĿǰǺ߸ʤһ
ô죿ʵúǿϰҶ죬ȴҶ
Ҷüͷ϶³׿»ҪСʱʱ䣬ԼҲǸո鷦Ӳƴֶֻܿˡ
ĵҶָ̽Գķϵɫ˵ѹûָܹ϶𰸡
Ȼ˿תͷ˿Ҷ죬ȻûҡͷѾĵ뷨
ҶҲϾ֮ǰڡԳһΣոջѪҺ壬ԳԳѪҺ˽⣬ºͲ顣
㱳˭ҶָŻԵĶˣЦȻнҶڸһ˵½˦ѣ֮в޻ҡ
ͷҲ˵£Ҷ죬ʵشӣ
ϻشȥģֲϺͺëӹСҶ˵ձ϶Ҫʩչ̤ȴͻȻ뵽һ顣
ôˣҲͦסŲҶϵɫЩɻ
ȵȡҶСķ϶첽ԳʬԱߣһͨĵ֮󣬴Ѿըѵͷ­һ˸ŴԲ
ɶŻΨ¶ǰɫҶ죬ɻʵ
öҶ˷ܵ˸ӣ϶һ֣ߣ

ڶ˸ոӵһ̣󷽵д˷ŭ
զŭˣѧĸƶԲһ䡣
Ҷܿǰĺ֦Цֻĸģ֮׷ǣΪľҪ׷㣬ˣ˼Ҹӣܲŭô
Ժлɺɺգһ㱣ɺɺȴ˳Գĳ
Ҷռ˱˹Цѳζǵ̭ҶĻ
ٶȺܿ죬˵ԳӦкܴܹ׷ǡֻԳ֮ǰһֻˣжΪ㣬֮ȫʢʱҪ֡
ҶȻҲƣȴƤ֮ˣж֮ʹȻ⣬ʹܲסǻʲôүǡ
۶ԴӻóԳѪҺ֮ʵʾ֮Ʊǣٶȸ죬Ҳ೤˿̾θסҶ̫ѣδȫʹȫܹԽҶ죬ǾͲö֪ˡ
զҷ񣿡⣬ô˿̣ǷѪ辭ĺôͷ֮¾ȻҶ
ҪԱԣҶЦ
Ȼ˵ճХһͽȻһˣȻ٣֮ͬȥƴ
Ҷ״ЦԪȫ֣߳ԸһХ̤ȫʩչգۼӳʮ֮Զ
ҿ˲䳬ԼҶ쾪ˣһ䡣
ٶȺ;룬ҶԼоЩȡԭȫ߳µ̤ܹһϢ֮ӳʮң쾹Ȼ㱩ʮ֮ԶǾԵջ
ô¡Ҷһ߼ǰУһ˼ȫȻ˶ںߴߴ˵Ƭϻ
Ƭ̣Ҷƺһţȴȷ
ԴǰҹھƹݿͷгѪǴ֮Ҷ컹δľȫʹṳ֮̀ǰͳԳĲУҲԸܵļǿѵΪѪٶҶʵ
Ҷչüģܹ뵽ĺֻһ
ʵҶĲ²ȫȷǣ֪ǣ϶ɢļ֮ⴥ˳ѪͺԭܷĿռÿһϸСѷ죬Ѫ̺ǿҲССѷ֮ɢ

һ·񱼣ԳϢ΢ֹƬ̣ǵϢƶǸҶˣֱӷ
Ҷһٶȼ
ӵǰԼɼҶ찵ңڻص֮ǰû˦ѳԳôСׯҲܵһ֮֡
û뵽һﻹź֡ҲǾδԲʩչѧֱߡ
ڸղŵ׷УΪܹ˦ѳԳһ·̸Цòû뵽;ʱ̣ԳȻٶȣֱҶ̤еһƴ
˾֮þȫ񱼣ڴ˿̲˦˳ԳԶȫӵĴݲ£ҶͶѾ۵ĺ޲ðͷˡ
Ҷ찧̾һĶļ
զˣһɻʵ
ϧˡҶҡͷ˵
ɶϧˣʡ
Ů׷бǺϡٵ飬˼׷ôԶ֮Ҷ˵ҡͷֹ̾
ɶ˵϶ûӦ
Ҷһߣ˲һκ˶ܹģʱֱǸõѡ
˵ĸĳԳ׷㣡Ҷεĺһ
ƨ׷Ŷԣӳĺÿˡ˵ߺ󱳱ŵ£˵ʵе㱳ˡղŵ׷𼸺ķе
ҶȻҲõȥϻˣҲһһ
ÿûã˼е㣬ûͺӻѪҶ촭ŴЦţ˳
ɫһҶĻ䴥˴ųԳѪҺ飬ʼջôһڵĸо
״Ҷ찵࣬Ͻ⣬ҪôЪ᣿
ǸˡˣЪţǸûϵҶ첻˵ͷߡҶһֱ˵Ҳȥ
·Ѱһƽ̹ĵط϶°׵׷¡
಻Զɽºˮ䱦ȿֺ˹ȥ
ǺһͨϴˮϴĿ
˶֮Űѱճ˻ҽԭΪѬǵԵʣϾһƬڣΣҲûü㱳ҼҡϴɾҲȶϰ֮쳣֮С
զ죿ָָҶԼĳŵӣһĻ̼
֪ҶҲҧüûˡ
Ҫ˵º϶ⲻܣҶ컹Ĳ¡ǵȵһĻ͸
զ찡ˣΪƳüͷ嶯Ҫˡ
裡Ҷû˵ֻ֪զզ죬ͲԼ취
ˣ˵ŵķغ
Ҷ޺޵ĿһۣҲֻ˻غΪҲˣ³Ľëһ£˫ۻ
զ죿
Ҷˮһ֡

զ찡

ɽһ໻Ųʿ֪Ҳˮ׼ϴһ
Ը½û·
Ҷе棬󻺻Ľͷȥ


322 
±߱ͷ֮ǰǿʩչƸӰԽͼʹ鷦ԴҲʹ
֮ɻ϶ţ鰲쳣˵ǱҶͶģһˣȴδǵӰ
ˮϸֱ֮£ɽ浱һСϪ
Ȼɽۣ֮һˮƽȵСϪţ¹ӳ£ŵĹâ
ΧĻľתͷȥǰǴԼ
ѵȻشȥˣֹһ䣬ոʮҪһȪˮ
˿̣ҶͶˮУǵжͬһ£ǾǧҪˮϴ衭
ºĥ䣬˺óʱߵСϪԵЩûҶͶ
ʵ˵СϪ֮ΪСӸΪУˮаɣȴ峺ҹˮе㶼Ӧܹɼ
ںϿˮµˮϿһ
ҶܵˮȻʶϿȥ
۴һ˫ˮУһˮŻĺˮӳ
󣬶Ҳ۾¹ˮеʣһ۾Ϳסˡ
µòԳƵ֮ˣֻƽҿϰˣЩϰΪ˿̣ϪˮƣǸž˼Ե
ֻһл˵½ľٶȴҶ쵹һ
ִˮгأҶΪ׼뿪ոհңˮ峺ֻ߾ʼҶ쵣ѾõĶ
һˣƺԥƬ֮ԥȥ
Ҷ״ЩǺˮϽƶʵզ죿
Ǻǣң֪ЦӦղҶզʱҶûɫ
֣ˮûùӳԡҶ׼֮֮
ͲһףЦһ㡣
Ҷüͷ壬˼˵ĵҲͿˣ֮ôáҶ첻аҶδµӣҪǿϴ裬ûʲôô
ı֣취Ҷ켱֣ߴٵ
Ǹ˥ӾΪѰһأΪľһҶľȣҪµӣƾҪۿһۡ
Ҷûڻش𣬶һ˫мֿ֣֮аҪܰ¶ƽˣԺͺһ׸硣
ܵҶͶĳȵĿ⣬ǺһЦðһ󴮵ݡ

Ѿ⿪վ׼ȥ£ĺȴͻȻˮ˷
˭ѸѾ¶һİҲƵĹ౳ڵ
ٺٺ١ڨЦʵ벻õĿڷʽ
һЦҪΪԼЦεģµĶУȴ
ǡ
һֻûڣѾɷֵĻƣ֮£һɾӿ
״ʧɫæͷˮպˮ棬ըһ˶ߵˮˡ
ô£ҶٶȷʣҲûŪĸڳ˲ӡ
֪ʮ޹Ļش
Ȼʲô©˵ָоֱѾ˿ӡһ£һŮ׼·ϴ裬ͻȻ˺ٺٵЦ˭ĵһ뷨᲻å͵ϴ衭
ɻˣٿĪ硣Ҷɥ͵͵ƶͼȱܿ£Ҹط͸һ
׼ϵͬʱٶȴµ˭
ͦƵģţ׼ðͷ͡
Ҷ״Ĳ̣Ҫ϶һѣˮֻԶһץգѾˮ档
ˡҶ찵̾һɱ˽£ȥƣֻҪһ¶ͷһпɾͲһˡ
Ȼ㣡
ش±ŭǶȻǶǱˮ;ˮϵ
ҳ
δУվںӰϽǳ⣺͵ϴ裬ǻô
пԣˮв¶ͷҪҶԲߣȴҶѲӰ
ҿСӵĵ죡һֻ֮ü
ҳںرߺţ֮ǰķ̫Լδ߷ֻ֮һط£ĵұ쵰
ˮʱʱιڶ߲ȥʵ͡
զ찡첱Ӵ̧֣ͷϿ˿͸ʵˮӰĻ档
ǰĸ߷ʶҲ֪Ļ۵ã֮ĺҡһ飬æȥٿ
Ҷ죬ıСӺˡѾ쵽˱ﲻסľء
ˣһδˮ棬رߵ½

ҶǿըΰĥȥֱоѾܹµ֮󷽲͸ˮ档
͵غ˺üڣҶǺɫڻȥ
Ҳ֪ǼһôˡҶֻʼΧĻ
ˮƽϸղҪ࣬СӦǳʽ״ʵġҶλýΪΧİ೤˴Ҷֲ֪
ҶٶȻܣȷû֮󷽲ϰȥ˼ֲֻΧ䣬жˡ
ͷԼĽ࣬ҶǺһЦٶĿ
У̫ɥҵûȥҶ챾ֱӻشӵģһŪܱ±ǾԻðջȥ͵͵Ҳ١
вʱҶ̤һС·С·ܹͨȴȥġ
С·ƽ̹·һ˶ߵҰݣɿͨС·վҶܹǸСɽµ¶վһŮӡ
ҵøϽȥҶԽԽЦСɽ¶ȥǴϱģǶͬ
ҲҶãû߶Զ˰ҹ˯ѳѰǵľƺ
أҶʵƺҪѰǣߴС·Ŷԡ
һءƺǾȺɻ
Ҷͷ˿Լġ硱ҹѣϴˮ裬û뵽ﱻ͵ˣơ
ƺŰɣҶȻΪ˲ݣȴʵûʲô͵ļֵĴսͽ׷ʱǴԼҲǴҶȲҪϴԭ
һ·Ҷ첻ɷ֣ǰס˾ƺ·
ƺһͨҶɹ˾ƺ¶
Ҷ콫ƺΧ䣬ĵ˵ͷ̤ȶ̡


323 ҹ·
ȶĽʧܶգҲˣҶҲܵǣԭںرϷҶ쳣Ĳ
ԣ¶Ҷγ̶ҪһЩڰٰ֮£ȥƤ֮࣬ȥ˻һ·
ݴ˵Сڶʮ￪⣬ڳӦܹ
ҶͶȻǰһҪȥ̽Ϣ򼸼
ڰ·תȻ˴ԹҲûԵģΪëҪôԶȥ򡣡
ûû⣬ԵĶͷ⼸ҶûϢãѵ㲻ƸƣҶ·ߵһҰݣа档
Ҳǡͷֿʼӵ
˱߱ģҶȻưô꣬ʱԹʪ͸Ҳپˡ
ʮ·̶˵ֱֵһᣬûñгһ·̡
㲻˵δ޵ôô϶ôʼ
ҶƳ˶һۣû
˼϶ǸùСӵø𡣡ģ϶ͺϲҹ־˶һֱӵʵǣܲ϶˵
ûôƨ𡣡ҶɲȻô˵ȴţҵС˪֮ҲҪ϶һ
ԣվסˣһѳסҶ죬ŭС˵˻ô
Ҷ챻һϺ˵Ľɫؽ쾹˱꣬𡭡
Ҷȴģʮֲôһʱӡ
ѻ˵Ӹû֣꣡ȴҶǰ
Ҷܶ¶ף̣ǺҲδؾס
ôˣҶʵ
һֱʼԴǡ
ʲôʱʼˣҶҲЩˣղƺͻȻһˣƵá

һ˵ʱɶɢˮ£Ȼ˲һˮ
ҶˣǻܳƿسԳѪҺܵӰ죬ñŭҶãǡʱ̸ˡ
Ʊ磬һ˫ۿأƺҲȼ棬΢΢ǰ̽һغڻ𲻶
ҶƲһۣĵƲ˳ԳƢԣ֮ƿص൱
ɶأƱûãӵȭͷɲǳصġͱˣл𣬲˸
ˣϽ·ɡҶҪ߹ȥѪ辭ķͺͳһ㣬ҲΪ
ߣһٴεҶǰ
ǺǡҶֻܿЦһ޶ûС
Ц˵һ飬϶ǸùĸӺúá
˵һ룬ȴͻȻϨ˻һ㣬͵һĿҲûج
Ƭ̺󣬶ָѣʵɶأϽ·վذ
˵գҲҶȻĿ⣬ƿҶǰȥ
֮ǰҪסҶ죬תһλģ෴Ҳǻȥķȥ
Ҷ״ε˼㣬ͲֱԳϮһЩԣôźá
߰Ÿɶ˼Ҷûиϣǻͷ
ߡҶҲָָֻͣǰȻǰС
˿ԼǰľŤͷ˿ҶǱߵľƬ֮һţڨЦϡ
ղҺ˸ΣμһܡܸҶ죬ֹ
ɣҲôΡҶ쿴е㲻˵ԭ򵽲ᷳΪŪǾ仰û˵ԣͻְԳռݵıԸ
İҽҿһк档
ƨϽ·ɡҶǡ
ٶȽ׷ϣֵСʱ˵һҪǾϬ
δ˵꣬Ҷ̵Ĵ˭Ϭүǣ㲻ԱŤ
㼱ëһû˵زǡҶһۣҪǾϬҪǿɾˡ
ģҪŻҶһѣڿҶ޷Ӧֻ֮ʮȤʼͷ·
ƲѾСʱĿĵѾֻʣ²ʮ·̡
¶ﲻסˡ
˵Ҷ϶ڵʲôѪҺָôЧƺĥ
˵ǻЦȻ󲻵Ҷش㿪ڵղ˵үǣҾʣүô
Ҷû
ҵ˼ǣ㡭ǲͯӰЦֱļˡ
ҶһĶʼѡ¶һ
Ҳʲô˵¶˵Ƭ̹ȴֻһתĵ˵˵¡
˵ƨŲҡ
Ҷ˵ͽȻһ˫ӥӽܴ
״ҲæɫСʵ
ҡͷҶָǰɿͷ
ļرһƬˮǰ߲˺һŵ߸
˸Ҷ˱ƣ·ԵĲҰȥ
ϣΣԷ
ˣʵ
ӦǡҶ֪ԷɱڣԪεʵߣʦҡ
Ƹˣʡ
ӦòǡҶ
˭ˣʡ
Ҷûлش𣬶;ƺһϲԣе¾ûû˵ʱˡңҪǣǵʱԡ˵⣬˭ҶĻ֪
ҿǻƸˡƬ̣Ҷ첻ٻش𣬶ֹ
ΪΣҶһ˵ô϶ʲô߾ܵķⲻ簡
ĻشȴҶ۾ҵԤУ׼úܣָԼԴ
߻Ҷ̾Է¶ģ·һ䣬ǾԼͷ
磬ЪЪɣܳôԶˣ۶Ҫˡ
ЪҪЪ
磬ûˡ
˾ˣ
磬ܲˡ

ʦǿߣֻһʦСǰɡ
ĬƬ̣νĴЩĵϢһᣬ˵Ҫڷɣؼʱ̵ӡ
һආ׷׸ͣ춼ʲô֮֮ʡ
һҶЦ˵
˳ʰΪЩԾԾԣȻųԳѪҺȴųԳѪҺǿ
ȵȣǺ׷ɱ͵˵شʲô˵
˵գҲӦҶһһǰ
ߣŶһ·Ҷģ޲׷֮ˡǣȴԼϵĴź͸˼ؽĸһҲ䡣
Ȼз紵Ҷǰո򱻶˺ɵƲӡ


324 
˱ҶһǾţڿƬ֮ȴɻ
ǵӡУҲûôһŶͷ
˭ӵ·֪˭ôΪ֮Ǹӡ
ѡҶҲʶԼϵӲˣûȿʼװȥˡ
ԹһЦԲûв֪ģ
кӾû
䣬·ߵĲݴԼٶȴܳһˡһѭȥֻ̬ӣһ˫ͭ˸׹⣬ֱ˻Ҫ˼֡
ҶŤͷȥգգۡ
ԳЩˣȻʦʵȴǾ֮ܡϹ죬һˡɽɽ
ǸС»ҪСֵ֣طʦǶˡ
ȴ˽ԴۼסԷ㿪ʼѰ˼ӦԵĲ
Ŀ׷ʮ⡣ʮ֮·ôͲ㣬÷ӳ죬Ǳ˴СɾͶˡ
ԺеתͷǰǳԱ˳ŵģɷϣǵɢһÿҲ֪Ǻ֮
֣ǾҪ졣ѡü˳Ǿ͵ø˼ҸοС
ݶٵķ֮˾
λֵһǵϵϸղðʧຣ˵ţһ֣Сܻ⣬һ
ϸ⣬ȨλСֵܿǲǡǰһöָʽĶҶС
ֽ̽ӹҶ첢ûֱӰ棬ֱ䡣㼿Ҷ졣
䱻Ҷ춢÷ţʶĸЦȴһ˿޺֮ɫ
ǺǣлˣȻģҾˡҶЦУɫ翴
ƤЦⲻЦĺٺȴǰģȻǼ򵥽ɫ
ʵղţĴǳҶָһɲǳȻȺ֮ɵٶȽǶˣȻ˳Щʲô˳ЩʲôһףҲܴôݡ
СҶһ۱ܿơȣһȺ֮ͽôױ·ŵôСƭֶˡΣ仹͹Ҷԡͨ˵һõ֮ϲԺеһӦǼеĽͣҶ첻ֵͬûа׳Ե͵ԭ򣬺侲˼ǲС
ԣû͵ϮĲֱʧܣһһöָ
ʲôǰָҶŵʵ
ҶͬʱƳһۣĵղĻƲ߿ɾ͵óˡ
ҿûʶ̬أԷ˵ѾȻס˱ѱ
λֵܣϸ⻹ءЦˣҪɵ֡
ǵǸҪò׵·ԣټ϶ԷʲôȻҪʹС
ٺ٣Ȼ˵ŶһֻԿµֻУȡʲô
Ҷ쾲ţǷһĨײıЦ
ƴӻг¶ⱦʯǶһѱƵĶ
Ķ˵Ŀƺϣ۾ʮڴ
ΨҶ죬ȴڶһֻеơ
һ硢һ硢һ硭
һһŲ仳е¶Ƕ̽ձ
ҿ
ȥ
ͬʱһǰһ̿˶ԷͼȻһֻƣһɫĩɢ
ԼŰɡ
֮ͬʱҶЦһƴƷһɨһƿ꣬д̱Ϣķĩ˻ȥ
û뵽Ҷ˼Ȼϸ壬һ֮¾ûܱܿǰɫĩʱֻڱһḯֱ֮š
ģɱǣ
ܻĿһƮʮ֮Զվ֮ɨҶ죬ھӦ㰲ȫ֮󣬼æȡһССİɫƿοƿһ쵤¡
ڣ䳤һڴǰɫĩΪܹڲһյʱڱܽʴɾʴɢ
µ֮ʶҪҩ·ŻУɶ𣬱ǸоӭϮһ󾢷硣
úá
̧۳ƣɫƿлΪ촷ۣӰ˿֮Զ
졭ٶվŰѸղû˵Ļȫúÿ졭
ҶվбЦ䡣˿̶Ѿආ֣ոջĳԳѪҺĶֱͬڻƣ趯˹̶һ˲䣬Ѿеˡ
ĹȻӲӣ䰵һ⡣ĿȴʼҶյȭ֮ϡ
ҪôҶ쿴ǰ˼Ц̯ƣ¶һöӽָ
ֵܣǾˮˮǽԣָȥֵܼһ·ۼٱһˣȻջ𣬵ȴȷľ
Ȼ˵ֻŽָк;ҪãҶɨһеĽָԴӵ֣ǵһ۲鿴
۴һֹ֮ӭָС̺ĲɣȴԾȻĿϸܿһЩǵɢİĹâ
ǷƷĪǡҶԺͻȻһ鱦ͨɱɱƪļء
ֽ䣬Եı޺˵ţ񱻸һһ㡣
ŶҶųЦǴ˵ܹඣ
Ԫּ߳ɣ˱ܷһ·ٺܿ죬Ϊɱ˵ٶȸ죬һֵʱ䣬ҲҪһֵɥ
ʦס֡Ҷ켱æֹҪආԴĶ
Կ˴˿ɱ¾Գı屾࣬ɱδϾǺʵ֮ˣǵҲᱻȫơ
ֻԥƬ̺ſ֮ˣȻҶ
лҶ칰˹֣Ǹ飬ǵлֱ˵סˣ
Ҷ·߾
˼ǲ߹̶̼ĹУľ˼Ϊѵ;
ǰֵܴʹʹޣȺ˶ӱСֵܣжѪԵϵղźͶĶսһյʱ䣬ȻˣʣµҲˣʹͱʹһϮǣһŭ
ɱͽȻҶһ
ѡ˷ƣƣ
ҶͶʵ֮ϣ˼й׾ٵı㽫֮ܡ
Ҷ첢ûɱѡȥΪԷѾˣҶ쵥濴ⳡĨƽˡ
ɶûôˣԳҰ³һֳ
ȥʱ򣬶Ѿ˺üϡӦ


325 
ջķᰡĿȥȫ˺˫ȼŵܵı֮
Ҷɨһû˵ʲôȻԼ̫ϲٵĹҲòסϾԵĺܣЩ϶ԸֶıȡĲ֮ơ
һСָ
ߴ˵ҶŤͷȥֻֽ̧һöָ쵽ǰϸš
ǽӺ䡰סԼöͬǹʽֻȥƺâŨ˵㣬ͬıɻö϶ҪԼöһΡ
ֽӣǿߵı־죬˵ֽǿߵı䣬ǿ߷ǱǿߡǿָķΧȽ
ֻʵȴв˲ܰŪֶҶһ䣬鱦ֽͨйؼأ˵ֻ֮߶Ԫɼֿռ䣬ռ֮󣬴һɽ嶼⡣
ȴҲҪӲԵ
һҪܹﵽʹԪļҲ˵ڴﵽʦ綨ڴﵽһҿڲ֪꣬ҲӦ
ֽʦ֮ÿʹöһ̶ȵĺ𣬺Ľֿռ䱻ӡĶԶҲ޷ȡ
һ㣬ҶͶѾѹˡѵǵڶ㣬ֽĺǿ޸ģҪǮΪܣ˵ʦ޸һΣҪƽ
٣Ǽ񵽱ˡ
ЦˣЦĺϲ£죬ȫûпǵõֽ֮Ƿʹõ
ĶļҶЦƣǲǸˣĥôã춼Ҫˡ
ææҶ˸գ㿴
ӳһⱦʵİѱа̣߳ǶŸʽ鱦貣ڰҹԡ
Ҷֽӹϸ۲Ƭ̣ʵ벻ʲôӣЩذ׻߶̽ձ
뽻ҶԺȴͻȻһĨ⡣߶Ԫעձ֮УձܵԪĴ֣߳죬һνо۶
üһӰϲǳ·ʵֵ̫ˡöֽѱ⽣ǻһСء
ҶҲǻϲϾֱǰ˭ǿֵĮǿ϶ɾΪ
˵ôôϲˡ̾һ䣬ǰùϸꡣУش߳У˷ɫ
߰ɣҪ֮ǰϻȥءҶ̧ͷ˿ɫȻưһƬ֮ǰ˲٣ƿ쵽賿ˡ
ɶһֺǺǵİѰݵҶǰ㿴ооⱦ
ҶֽӹĳһǸӾⱦȴ鲼ţʵû
ƿ鲼һīɫʯСУȭͷС
˻˻˻
ϴӰʱƿյҶ켱æͷһХŵдͷ

ҶһδĿŶһЦתӱܣ˸ԶĵطԽ
ҺҷӦ죬ҪһǰԴɾͰˡҶ찵ֹһֽʯСдһС졣
һĨΪҫ۵ĹųҶɫӳһƬΡͬʱѪζȴ֮
΢΢üǺ֮﷢ѪӺζ
˵֮ǰǼආʬ壬֮ǰΪûзѵ֮
뵽Ҷ͵ؽʯСƿ֮¶ŵĶ
˻
״Ҷ첻ɵһ֮һöҴСתɫĵ衣
Ǵ˵ҩʦƵϵ鵤ôҶ쾪ϲԹԵ˵һ䡣
ʿΪҵñǴȴͬԪһƷĹȱʹҿ飬̶ս»
ԣΪҪƿߣΪ˽һ⣬;ǧУɹһ֮ؼҩΪýͨɱþԲΪ鵤
鱦ͨأ鵤ƹ̼ΪһʮѧʡҶȻҲܹƳɵȫ¯ѡңҲøҩݵĴ䡣ҩʦĽԵҩƣó鵤̺ҶƵ鵤ɱȡ
ȻûǸˮƽҶȴʶһ۱㿴ʯСװʢĺȻڵ鵤
ԣҵרΪ鵤һ;ľֻͨ˹ЧֻٻҶһõ
ô˵Ҳ̫УǺٳ֣ӦֲֻŻȴò
һãһ;˵ͼı֡ΪеҩݶԼصҪЧҩʦְ޳ЩɣֻȡΪĵط
ΪɣΪ
ȷ˵һҩռǿĹЧֳΪģô˹ЧΪķЧȻ٣ҩʦףȻֻΪɶķݶ
֪ʲô͵鵤ҶĿƣȱٲ鵤öܹͷԼ裬ɽһ顣
ҶԺлֳһ̰󡣽鵤ͻƵҲδؾһܵ顭
Ҷ죡
ʮ⴫ĺҶʯСУŤͷȥ
ֻΪĽ⽣УƣĬԪһ΢⽣֮ʧ
ҶǺһЦŪֽĹЧء
ֲûУ԰ڸɶҶЦ֣ȻеöȲ϶ĻɫܴǺһЩѡ
˵ţҶ콫䲼ȡ£ֽ̽װŵʮöЧĵץԪ֮߳£ƾʧֽ֮С
Ƿ㣬׬ˡ첽˷ܵ֡
£˵ĶɵӣЩﻹԴ֮֡ˣҶҲûбֵǰ㣬ΪʵǽӴ̫౦ˣ˵ĻѾЩľˡ
զЦͱͱǰ治ЦҶ죬ӵװʲôβأ
ҶΣֻЦղŻ治װβǣͻȻ뵽һе⡣
֮ǰǱ׷𣬶֮Ա׷ԭԣЩиϵ
ڸղŵ֪֮£Ҷ첢δַܷԲʮκԪѪҺϢͣһԲʮû⼸ˡǿϢǵʵѾߵҶ޷
˴ǻĽҰ룬ԲʮϡƽԵһԽϴ
ڶ㣬Ȼ׷ɱˣôԷ϶ҪʹѧҶȴܲ˿Ϣ˵ڶ˵˵ͨҲ˵Ŀԡ
⵽׷ɱôǵĻֱ̿Էʵ϶Զ֮ϡң⼸Ĺس̶˵Ӧпܣ
鷳ˡҶҹĻƬ̺˫ۣ֪ͻȻֵǵΪԵϢ


326 
ʱĶѾ֮ǰǸˣҶոո֪һ̣ҲȻ˫һâ
֮ˡñĸɫȡ֮ص
ʵǿǱЩġҶü˼ڿǱܻս
壡
ͽȻ̯˫֣ɫ֮ͽȻдȼգŤ
ĿӣҶӶпŨصս⡣·˵˭ӶҪ޻أ
üͷһ֣Ҷ쿴ʵӹɵģʱȫƿسԳѪҺܹ֮ͳǿ߿⡣֮ͬʱܵԳӰ죬ԸҲһı仯սɱΪһ㡣
԰ꡣҶջĿ⣬ȴ˵Ĳͬ˿̵Уڵĵȴζȥ׵ء
ﲻˡĿֱͬһ
ȫ֪ʵҶҡͷ̾ƺЩɥ
΢΢ĿҶпɲģǿǴû·ӵ㳡ǧ˵Ŀ£ֱ˫ٵӣǺεȵĺô쾹ЩŮ̬
Ҳֹ֪һ䣬ţҶˣµĵˣӦȷʵǿ󡣡
˼ʱԳ֧䣬ʱԼ֧䣬֮ǰսŨأǳԳԵ֣ڵĵǣǻع鵽˼ά
ҶǹһĨ΢Ц˵ʵ£Ҳܳ˶Էʵͳ綨Σ񼳤ϻҪһأŵҶ졣
뷨ĥĥ̫ʢ׳¶
ȥǶһ㡣Ҷָָ֮ǰĲݴԣ˵
ͷ˿ܲԷʵ֪ϣҶ컹Զء
ݴԺǸïʢ˲УٽҹĻҰݣԷֲ˶˵ټ
һˡС˵˿ѾסϢһҵľôС˵Ҳ֮ȥ
Ҷ˵ͷĿŢС·žԽҶ쾹ܵһϤϢ
ʶԺиֳһӵò
ѵԹԵֹһ䣬üͷԽ˼֡
˭۳ԳӰӰ죬һԺĻɫ
㲻ʶҶڻش
˵ʶءƤҩһ㣬ţ˦ѡ
Ҳ֪ʲô֡ҶЩͣΪ˷ĻͷϽֲһ䣺˵лٸ˵
Ŷ˵ͷͣ
ن£ΧƺͻȻĻΨ졣
Ƭ֮һӰĵƺȻһ
ˡֱԳԣΪ˷ܣͬʱ͵һܣȥ
Ҷۼֿ죬æֽ䰴סͬʱͶȥ֮
ٺ١ڨЦǿ̷Ѫٶȶ
ŢС·ϣһ׳˶ӾվòʮҵЩ񣬻˿ɱɢ
ȻҶаݣ˲ǱˣҶй֮Ե϶ʦ֣
ô
˭ĴӣӴ˵ϣ֪ΪΣܸܵһɼΪϤϢ
Ҷ챾ش㲻ʶڱȴӲ˻ȥΪô˵ˣֻ˵˵ʶء
ꡭҶָߣȳơ
ûʵǼװûĿǰʵҸо񡣡
ԣҶԺͻȻһ⡣˾̸ҶļǵãֵУ϶ʦչ¶Գ壬Ūãһеء
ȻЦͬΪԳѪҺѪ辭ѱϵϢָоĿҲʮ֮
ز㲻úúӻķһ䡣
뺰ȥʹҶס졣
еһٺͬʱĿɨ˲֮˫޶ۣ⡣
Ǹɵӡ̲סЦһ䣬Ҳ֪۾ĴߣǱʢ
Ҷһۣ˼ǾƵġ
״Ҫ粵ҶҲ֯˴С·ʮ֮ԶСֹ䣬Ӧ޴󰭡
ҡ
ֺֿ촽ոſһ澢ϮЩûǺҪ˵Ķ
Ҷ췴Ӧܿ죬ȥ
һţһ޴İӰڵأܼĿѹ˳ƬƬҰݡ
աƿʮɿ⣬ؿڣĵҪ㣬ҳˡ

޴İӰֱȻҶ쵱һģһһͷߴһɵİëԳ
ҿ˵զôϤԼֵܰ״һյոȼ֮𾹶Ϩ
˫òԶֶ֮ȻưãȻܹĿԷò
ǰëԳӦҶɫû˿仯ֻŶˣڵıͷﲻ
˵ֵܣһ˰ҪǰսҲ֪ǲǷġ
һף
ѽһΪΪ˼Ҳ˵ء
㣬˸˴Ӵ·ëԳţʱĺѾ˿ȡ֮׹˸
û

εĶһۡ
׼ûëԳǳһ
Ҷظһ飬ľʬأ˵û˭Ű
ϸ˵ëԳֵ
٣ǷǮզġŭˣҲǲԼֵˣҪǰ
ȵȡҶ켱æסܿɲܴ򣬶ǿ϶ʦ磬һ˴һˡ
Ҷ죬զôأˣһȻǳԳڲ˼ά
üͷҶ첢ûдôܽ顣˱ж˲׸гǲܵģҲ̡̫϶ʦǳ⼸ģĽҲա
㻹ʶôȥҶƤװһѴβǡ
ëԳһüϸȥЩ졣
㣿ëԳΪȣȫû뵽Ҷ졣ֻСŻؽ쾹һ˵ģ
Ҷ쿴˶Է뷨εĽǰõյǮƣҶԼĲ֣
ô⣿ëԳ˵գھѪ辭رգ֡
ҪȥǰЩҶҪҪ϶ںӵϢ
ѾӰëԳĺüҶ켸ۣƺЩǣɱһ
ǵ϶ΪҶǱƺ֮ʦǶδҶйģ´μ棬


327 Ъ
ɫȻ谵϶ʦһĨɱȴûӹҶ۾
һݣҶʶķԷʵɲ⣬ҪôľȡԼҲȫܵ顣
ɱһţʦ̾һָܿȫƽ˿ȥٶȱǸ޺ʵˣˡ
λ磬֪γƺźáֵţȫȻûע⵽յ΢
ҽзۡ
ۡҶظһ䣬Լǵõˣʱϰôƺġ
Ҷɻı飬Ҳ³е뷨͵ҵ
۵ĹǸʵϵˣȻǾ˵ѾΪҶˡ
϶ҶͻȻһ䣬ʹ֮Լ벻ԭ
ôˣ۷ʣƬ̱㷴Ӧģͽ϶ͬա
ʶ϶ʮֺ棬ôҹһ˾ʶ
ҶԺļصĶ򵥷䣬ۣʵϰôˣ
ʦһжãСֵܹˡ۶Ҷӡ󼫺ãҼΪ۰϶СʦáĻͶȡҶɶǶʦƴӵġ
ʷһˡҶ΢ԥջ˳˵Ƹ񼳤ô
ɫһ䣬񼳤š
ʲô˵Ƹĳôôˡ۽Ļش
ϴʱҶӷۿթˣѪ֯ϵ׶ιʼʩķٶмơ
Ҷ˵ΪĻشѾ൱ֱӸҶһ㡣
ʲô仰˵񼳤ȷʵˣŴ۸ӵĹϵǾ԰׵ı粵Ǵ˵֮١
磬Ȱһ䣬񼳤Ͼ࣬Сķ亦ҶĳԺиֳ񼳤Ǹ踺صı
СֵЦˣɽҰܹ֮ƺڳϼﰡۻڽƱ磬ҶӡòҶ͸¶Ϣ
κνƱ綼Ѿͽ޹ˡ
ҶЦЦû磬ֱҹջ⡣
ȿȡ֪ҹ·ʲôôҶЩΣϽɻı϶뷽йء
֮У׷һ޳СˡۿҶһۣתͷָָϵľʬ壬ǣˣӦӲԶ
ԣҶͷһ۵˼ˣֻż˵ҲҶûйϵ
л˷硣Ҷ칰ֵлۺиԼˣԸ񣬾Բ᲻¡
ۻƺ뵽ʲôֵҪȥ԰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷеܣǰЦʲôȥƼô
΢΢üǣ˶ӣ̫ҡˡ
÷һЦΪ⡣Ҷȴ֮
ҶˣϵĶòҪؽǻ
лˣǻ£Ǿʹ˱շ´һȾơҶ쿴ƺнɫǡ
ãҲȥ׷Ⱥ۹תȥ
ȵȡҶ캰סۣסĴӵλø˷ۣ˵϶Լ
ٶȵлСʦöǱƺڣǼȵǿƽﶼʦ٣պлᣬȻܴ
ĵ𣬶׷̡

ƽЪɫ
˿峿ҹһҹɢȥԶȺɽĲҰ֮䶼Ʈ鸡ƻá
ҶͶһҹδͣô˿̣ⲿıԵش
ǰ֮⣬һģһơ֣·ϵЪ̯ӡ
ء
һĹǷһҹ·۵ۣҪˣûû˵Ϯͷ
һöҸطЪЪŰɡǰЪ̯˫۷Ź⡣
Ҷͷûٶ˵ʲô֪ǿķأʵ˵ǣЪЪЪȥɡ
ЪЪЪȥɣĲУҹǼĸԴ࣬ûٺķҵľ񡭡
úúãЪֻЪʱҶ͹˶û뵽Ȼôֵ׼ҶҪʱӦʣһֱҽīҶӦΪֹ
ˣŲӿࡣ
˽Ъ̯һ£ȻʼʣͬʱСһûһ
˿̾һξ룬Ъ̯Ǵ⵽յΨһһңԽ˵ùȥ
Ъ̯
͹٣ǾСξ
ˣʵ˭ģ
ؼңس֣ĺСشؼֵʱ仰һתĽ֮Ա
͡ͺʲôϵƵġС˼䣬ץסᷴȥ
СԲˣƲզûϵ߷Ҳأõүүֵܵıá
һ˵˺óóҶͶĿɿڴţа̾ѣС泤
СҪ˵ʮϵһβĶؼģ
ҿֱҶҲ̲סպȽĲˮ˳
Ϊ˵ʲôã˼һġ
զˣƲİСԴǡ
ǲǣС磬ȥϲ˰ɣһҹ·ۻˡҶЦŰţСӺȱңܵ˼ҪҪء
ˣҲøһʶ
ҶԺСоͳ˷ֻһ˦յĨͦصȥˡģֱǴʤ̡
ĿɿڴȻС
ǣүҶȤ
ҿҲǡ
СʱƲ롣һţ⣬һ̻һ㶹һˮ
Ҫģ㵵ָžƲˣһ֮⣬ǵĲƷ
ˡҶȻҲСƺЩ£Ǿһˡ
޷޲һֻץţȥһֻƣһţһ
ޣ
һھˮ¶ǣȴ˳ŭˣֻڵվ𣬺Ҳܽоƣ
ôˣСҲǸСӵŶ֮̾Ͳˡ
ƼھˮʵҲ⣬ɶֱˮư
ҶЩЦƺڱǰᣬȷûʲôζ
ˣ򵥳Ե㶫ǾˡҶŶ£յľƱյߣ¡
գҶĨĨߵľգˬˮ


328 ʲô
͹٣̭ţ
СڵߵҶǰȲǺȲߵ¶ǵˮƲãпأܻǵ¶ɾͲýˣ
ŶҶüһۣЦ˼ǻҪ⳥ʧඣ
ȻҶ챨ͷһǷģ
ѣŭȥ˼پƲ˵ȻҪҧһڣǺڵ갡
ô˵أСӲȴԾ˺
ƹĳҶ˵꣬ƺ˹˵ĺ˺üˣˮȵġ
С۾һתƹĽˡ
ҶһйǸɹֹƹڣҼپб˽ҡ
Ǯ٣ҶĺгһҲˣԽˡ
ʮ
ôȥ£ȴ仰ٴվ
Сһƺɲü۵ɨ˺üȦĿ̯谵Ŀϡ
ι͹٣λ͹١Ск
ԣҶͶͬʱתͷȥǽʱû̫ע⣬Ȼûֽﻹһˡ
ˡתҶ죬ɻ󣬲֪أ˿ű˸о̫Ѱ
Ҷ´һ˴һɫۣӶУòͱ飬ȴһ֮С
üͷ΢壬Ҷͷһ˿Ϥ֮С
͹٣Сֺһ䣬˻˵߹ȥͼһ¡
Ҫ˵Сû˼ҲԸҪȥ˼ңⲻǷĽô
ι˵ءСߵߣȥ
СͺֿҪӵʱ򣬺ͻȻڵվվһɭ֮
Сŵһ£˺üײһӺ󷽲ֹͣ
͡͹١С壬ųҪǸȴѾ˵
ҶͶȻᱻ嵽֮ڶԷпһĨȡ
ûС֮Ϸһӣֱȥ
·ҶʱҶ̲סڣλ̨
Ӷһ٣ʱѾԽҶ죬ǱԶ˵ġûתͷ۸´ֲģҺ£
û£ֻһ֪ܷҶһʣʾǰ
ûաԾûתͷ˵ձ߳Ƭ̺ûӰ
Ҷźʧ峿Ũ֮У˸֪Щʲô
զˣʵȻԣһֹĸоȫ
ܾˡҶüͷ˼Ժеÿһס
ϲ˼һͷۣԲȥ롣иëͷ̫֣ͨ˴ĶԼͻоȵë
Ҷ˼ЩģҶ򣬰ˣǼһǿʶǡ
ᵽҶԺͻȻһ˿⣬ѵ
һ˭Ҷû˵첽⡣˿̣ճŨɢ֮ƽ̹һȥĿӰȴʧ١
զˣ׷˳һǵС¶Ƶá
û£뵽һѡҶ渽ţȴȫûע⵽Լ֮Ȼöһ
ûʣߵһߺСƾƲˣҶԶ
ѵҶԽԽղָоԵʶȻһɲϸ˼ǹҶͷ뷨ԽΪӼпǸˡ
ֽ
׷Ҷ첻ԥ˵ȥ׷ȥ
ɶӦ̧ۿȥҶʮɿ⡣
Щ˰ɣСĥĥ󣬶԰һʮǰ߻УԾҶȥ
ŨɢҰܶҶ˦ԶܹߵӰ
ף
׷׷ţǰҶӰȴͻȻһ٣ƺʲô谭
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һͷˮʱˣҲԭί
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һۣ˶ڶԷпһ˿֤ɶأֱٿĪ簡
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ʲôװģ
԰Ԫ񣿣
˵һ˿㻹ôţ
ҶһߣĽһ䣬뻹ˣԽԽڡ
סڣ
ʱȺ󷽴һ߳ڶˡ


329 
˵߱ǣҶǻһ׻
ôˣ״æҶһѣüʵ
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뵽ҶҲ΢идԳѪҺȻǵؽƷ϶޷ͳѪᲢۡԼ޷Ѫһ콫ѪȫͷţԼֻᱻһʲôģ
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Ĳãȥ˷ýҶʵڿȥץţ⣬ҪֵһЩ
žĿҶ֣ɵǺǵĵ㲻ǲõô԰
ҶҪЦвɣɵ
û˵ȻѾоŵɤۣɽţɸɾ֮ŶֱãҲ֪⻹ʹࡣ
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˲ƷСʱȻҶ컳̤˻ط·̡


330 ҹɫ
ط;һ˳ʱ׼ʱϻСׯ
صӣҶͶ⼸󶼶úܣһٷȥĿ
ʵҲжܳԣΪũˮףҶȴȫȫĸ׷ԲŻˡ
Էʱ۰Ͱ͵ţ׷Ⱥƺڵ˵ƽƶũȴֻзڲܺݵһٵݳƷ
˼״һԷƴǣջǰǻ׵Ũ
㷹ȥӱˮȡ֣ǳ
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üɫ裬ĭ˶ƺһľʣƺҲ㣬һĨһ߾۾š
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ͻȻЩ룬ҶҲܣֱڲݵϳ˯ȥ


331 
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Ҷ˵ͷղͻȻֶ֮һϢǱˣ϶ʦ磬ëԳۡ
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á
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עʡ
զأӾǴ³ҺΡȻᣬû׼أ͵Ϯǲ

ʱ֣˵²ܣѰϴǼҲ۵Сƹݳһ±棬ٿʼı¶
ϴαΪ޳Ե˵ؼңСлʾͽͣûһǧƽ
ǸҶȴЩӢڽƵƵ˻ͷҵǶϲ鸴ӻҶ̹Ȼڴϣ˲ؼͨˡ
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ҶҲһЦȷĲȻƣɣҲǶûָϵҪԭ֮һ
˶⻭һƷͷ㣬֮¡Ȼǲ֪ЩǸɡ仰˵˲񣬺źܴĹϵ
Ͼͷһƴɵׯ԰ׯ԰֮һ˿վһˣٷԡ
ĿԶţҶ죬ģֻôˡ


332 Ѻ
ԤҪõĶ࣬ûָҶͶи˱ǴүϢһ𼦵ء
˶·߳԰ӣһ׺ʹ̽ǻһҪ
յǸİؼŻͳ죬ڼǰոΣԭλõ˫䡣
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ģְأҾϲˡ̵еӣȻҶ֮ǰһץС
ҶһۣΪʮΪ˵Ļ
ҶԶ˽⣬룬ٱЩҲ䲻ǸС
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Ҫ֮͵ۿҶ죬в⣬ﰵԵ⣬ɵûҳһİӡ
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廨пõĻɫСֹһ䣬ǲм
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ο⼸ɶڵĶΪְѱȥǶڿڱӰ൱
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˼Ӣ۸Ѿͻͳ綨ż帮ۡ˹֣Ժĳݡ
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ʮˡĳſھͶһ·ɫ
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Ҷ˵ʮͻͳ綨ֱһЦǶЩʼǻھŶʿʦ綨ͻƵĻ˵ͳ綨ֱһԶҲ޷󼰵ļޡ
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سŭͽ͵һ档Ĺ֮£ⶼֻһֽѪѹ


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335 
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336 
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ҶĿʼͣںϣ֪ΪΣͻȻúʹʶĸо
һվû𵽵кιϸҶҲȥ룬תĿͶİӰ
ںҪ࣬ȻֻǾδȴƲܿưɢһɭоҶָᷳоΪҲƵ
ûꣿҶȵЩͣȻͰӰЩ죬ƺֻʮѣƺڵӶüοͷߵĻˡ
ҶĴߴ٣Ŀջأȴ޹黹֮⣬ϵɫҲʲô
˼ǳԵü飬ԡ
ǼĿҶ˺Ļ
û˵ͷϾֻһ򣬶Դǽ˵ȴǺעϸڡ
Ŀ˵ʲô˵ĲȫҶƺеӣ뷨ĳ֣󲿷ΪҶ첢ûκξ˵ʣжеӵĲԤڡ
ȻҶ֮Իͨ˵ĸоΪһֿâ״̬
׼ĿԣǰҶ˼Ƭ̣˵
㡭ӰҪһ뵽пܻʵϢġ
ͷԵȡԥƬ̣Ҷ죬ڰӰ߶Ｘ󷽲߳Ρ
Լķ֮һʱ֮󣬵ڵʯ״ϸĽŲҶһǽŲϸȴȣֻΪ״̬Ȼܹ߽һ壬˵ʵ֮ǿ
ŲԽԽߵƶη׵ʯںתһȻȥл֮꣬ȴ޴Ͱɱ֮УؼҼس֡
سֵɫЩأŲɿȴңл䣬ת˲ѺҶη֮ǰ
ߣسһȴ΢бĵìʵ
Ҷ쿴һۣޱĵ˵ͷ
š
سһ£ӳһĹģηԿ
ǲ
ִ֨ѽд򿪡
ƺ΢Գһ£ԼĻǷԿ׾Ȼô
ȻȻ֣Ҳֻ˶ڵ
λСֵܣɷϷһۡسҶǰ˵ʱܺȻؼһ֮˵һĻȨƺֺž߳ĵӣǻҪżֹ̬ġ
ҶЦسС
ЦòʵȴǶسֵıġΪ߸ղŹ߼չ¶ʵ޷ǾҪҶһ棬ؼҲǺÿ
Ĺܴʵ뷨ңس֮ҪţҲǱšǰҲ˦ʲô
سֽӹ֮ķӦͺ࣬˺ܳʱϺͷ
ںߣسŸʱҲԽ٣һʱ󷽲ٶȿڡ
СֵܣϷȻûмȺͷˣ֮޳ܵĵˡسƤЦⲻЦ˵
سûˮ׼Ŀ׻ҶʽĻһЦ֮û˵
سֽ黹Ҷ죬ֵҲ֪ʲôƣϷʹúʰһ
˵գسֿҶ˫ۣͼںҵһЩ˿
Ҷ쵱Ȼ֪仰ʲô˼ߵݣȻ˵ס˭Ҳ̫šسָղŵǾ仰޷Ǿ̽Ҷ졣
Ѳ͵ġسϹЦݣȴš
ܣӦǱҪĴڣοߵʵô֡
ѵСز¶ʵĪ⣿
ǲܡ
ЩͷسԺзٵתͨɵ㡣
ƾһܡ֣Ҷ֪سֵ˼ָȻΪƣΪλؼҵҪĿֻѰҺȷݡѾ֪ôҪģǾһ˪İ취
Ҷ쿴سһۣЦ˵ʦ֣أô
ԣسֵɫ৵һºؼҺôҲһҲͳǿߣ棿ؼҵʲôطˣ
գ˲


337 
е˲ţüͷ𣬰Ӱǿǰһ
һѹȸҶȴֻǵЦӦԣƺ˿ûѺͱŭİӰ
Сֵ˵ЦİɣسʾⰵӰҪпҲѶŭ
Ҷֱس֣Ƭ̺ǺһЦȻ
˵꣬Ҷһ٣˵ǺӵҲȷʵƺڵӡ
ԣеƺ΢л⣬Ӱ̤һ˫֣ҶĿȴЩŭ⡣
ǺǣһùҶǲϲӰںӵʱš
ʱĺƣӰߣղŵľٶԿó̤ϵһ˵е뷨ǡҹɣҶԼǲУ
سֲڳһҲǵҲǼֵò²顣
νĺƣӰȷһõĲ£ȴһϲˡ
ȻҶĻյĸо
ݵһسЦʣЦĺܽӲǿЦݡ
ؼǺжͬΪƸӣֻʦţǰЩʱıƣǡּ͸ʾһʱ̰ͼԼƭЩǮƺȥǲҶ٩٩̸ʵ򵥸ı࣬Ѷ˵һʮĻ쵰㡣
Ҷ˵Ļɫ󣬾ﶼ̲סһ䣺ô
ôãͳʵļá
СˣƤǣȻĵؽ磬Сֵ֣ܶϷǡسֶҶĻղһͬĽѾҶߵݣֵġ͡ȻҪúðͽһ
ңƭеظسֵı˵͵¡
ؼĺСˣƺڿйصģͽʦŽܴáҶЦ
ףʲôͽЦҶһۣĵСӻ֮ǰһģƤаۣһ
ҲãϾйɵĹأҲò롣سȻպ޶ҪƭǮƣɲΪС¾ͻ˺ҶϵĻᡣ
лؼˡҶЦŹ˹֣֪ô˵سһˡ
ʵƺڲû˵ǣеѱ䣬Ϸ֮ƺڵȨʱؽͽɱġ
Ϸвż˲ԣȻСֵܵˣ㿴⡭سװһεģʵȴڰϲƺͽѺҶ죬лƺڴϽ
˵գҶ˵ٶȿڣɣϷΪСֵ㿴ɺá
ҶǺһЦɲңȷʵЩ
ͷԸϯһݡسˬʵĴЦҶĻ˶˵Ĺϵ
ȻҶ֮ĹϵĿΪ
ǺǣؼʢȴĻҪ²˾Ҷ컰һתӡ
֣йȻЧس֮ɫ˲ޱȣһĨŭһš
ǼԷƵ㣬ʶ࣡Ӱŭ
Ҷ쿴ЦһƢ꣬ıƽĶۣ֮ﶼԶ
Ӱ£سֺһԼˣôһСӻ˴֡
ӰɫһĵԼĻȻǵһɧû
СֵܣϷǳسǿһ˿Ц⣬ٶ롣
ؼĺСף£ϯ޸ˡҶٶȾܾسֵ룬ղðպ˽ѾóΪϴ׵ĲԣϾﻹҪؼ԰֮ġ
Ǿǲඣسְ뿪Ц˵Ϊһǿߣƽʱ˵仰ҪһƲ룬˼ȴȴҪǴȥĸ顣
԰ꡣ
дһ֮дԣȻǳ԰Ӱͺ֮ڡ
سֿԼɫתӦںΪͻȻڡ
֮ǰس˵ҶСߵţֵ˼ҷǵȻƺͽҶҲˣӣسַйĵһѡ
˵ʲôسش
ıǣзִ硣һ䣬ڣҶ칰ֵҶӡ
ҶһΪѾо˶Բߣֻܾġ
֮ǰΪţʵ׾ҶӺֿ
˵˵ǻҲȷʵмƣƺڵǸͽҲƭȡؼǮƵ⡣Ҷİ˰֣ȴȻ֮ǰ˵ǶĸӺˡ
ǺǣлҶ⣬ⳡȴʵºգܲһǹⲻȥ˵
Ҷװ¡
ֻһŻͳ죬ʵνҲǽֿ֮ҶӶѡ˵ųسֹ˹֡
س¶ãǲɫܿʧΪҶ쾹ȻӦ
ǺðɣȻλִ룬ƴǿɾЩ˵ȥˡҶЦЦ˵
лҶӳȫЦԡ
ҸöлؼͳŶԡ
˵ˣϯǾٺ̸سִһӣҶһͬǰС
Ҷ쵱ʲãسֲУ󣬺Ӱңһͬγڶȥ
õΣ£ڵλ谵ʱ䳤۾ѾЩӦڰԸһȻǴۡ
ڵļ϶Ҷһۣ׷Ц
֮ǰҶȾܾس룬ڸ߶ԷԼ֮ύҶһڴӦСɹĺסس֣ĻɢΪس֪Ҷ֮䣬һ
ƺΪԲĶţҶȡ֣ǰ;سȻϣύ֮£Ҷ׾ӵļıȻ׵óѡ
滳ü֮λҶ˵
̣Ȼû˼ȴԡ
һһˣԿԴǵĶԻҳسֲܣȫ˼ѾνύҶ֮ϡ
ʵ˵ǽύʵĿ޷ڽҶ׳ؼҵơ
Ҫ֪ľִ֮Уܺ͸״ӳһ˿ϵҲ޼
үһӣеλ׼ҼȮ졣ȻسֲܺҶദͬӵķϣһߵѶԣԲ֮ڣҲǼ߷ĵơ
ҶͶĴ췭ظתҶϯϴã򱻹ؽʪĵΡ


338 
ʹֱسЯؼһڳִΪҶУֱͳ֮ԶŻطҶѺŶһ·򱱣̤ϻطӵ·̡
ʢĵⶾǳ˿ŴԶ·ƺһˣˮ˵Ķͷ¡
ͷһۣسֵ˻ڷֱĿͣŲҶСа˰ͽˡ
Ҷ첻ÿɷسֵ˼ȻףȻѾͳ綨ǿʵ֮ͬʱҲѾǻ֮꣬ͻٶȣ֮Ҳʲô̫
سȴȻĿǰǺ绽ֻĽɫ˭ҲļͻźճʱسѹƵסãѹƲסؼɣٲ˱˺ݺݱ
سֲŻҶ˵ʮ߰ﵽĶʦĴڣܹƺڻݵ˿ɾûмˡ
⣬Ҷ콫ĳɾͻߵһʲôĳ̶ȣɵҲóһϯǿԮֱϵڱ顣
˿ҶͶѾһ´ͷȥֻңң֮Ӱδж԰ɫΪΨһ£ʮۣƺ롣
ȻԶҶܹоͶĳȵĿ⣬սϯ䷽㣬ѾƶӪ˪ĶԲߣֻ׼ֱʵʩ
磬ʱίˡ
գҶջĿ⣬ǰ·
࣬ûûˡҶȫĶȳ˪ռݣ˼ȥ룬ֻͷǰв
ιҺ˵ءҶϴȭ
˵Ҷüͷڷĥƻе©
Ҷ˵һ·ˡ
˵һ飬ղû塣Ҷڷܡ
˵ͷǲ㰡ʵ
Ȼô׷Źң浱ɵӡҶ˼ȷʵ̫ð졣سֶԼͼıͼı޷ǾǽҶƺڵĵλ׳ؼơ˵󲻴˵ССسҲͰˣǺ޼ɰԵ裬ҶƸŪöС
˵ɶܰԵʵ
֪Ҷĺг
᲻ж˿Ϊ⣬ĸţƤƵġ
Ҷ첻˵ˣŲҲӿ켸֡
ҿǸѿɲ̫ơأ졣
һҶȻҲóգûǰ֮ҲãڿӦҲõسֵΣɱ֮
ҿͷпܻŪسԷͽιһޣʪʭӣ´Թʼ
ײҲ˵Ҷ¡
μãҶʵ
һͷ񰡣ͷǸѵɱ
Ǻǣ㻹ῴˣʱ˼ϸ壿Ҷ̲סһ䣬ӡϲɵˡ񣬼ֱĸûɶ
һĵСӱƲңȴ˵ֻż
ҶҲЩ飬ϾسȷʵĺأһҶ쿴óҶ˵ûسڿʱɱ
ƶļƻؼ£Ҫݾߡ峿ҶҴһ棬Ѿ̷ʱټðŪûƵĺ߹ǽĻС˪ɾΣˡ
˵ｫɽؼ޷ǾΪǼﶪʧҲûҪؼҶò˶ãͻﳷأ˪ΪҪЮ顣
Ʈģ಻ȫ壬һԿ϶Ǿÿ﷢ʱ򶼻С˪һв֤˪û
Ĺ´ǰⷽʽ֪ͨΪʲôﲻö֪һȴӪ˪ǳ
ҶҪľǻصӵȴ֪ͨһ춯ͻų֪ͨҶ죬ʱ顣
ȴһ㣬ѾҶ棬ֽһؼңܻܿڶԴʱӽһƻˣҲһЩӦԼƻ
һھȳ˪˵Ǻܴ谭ܳĶʱвŪþͻẦ˪ֱ͵
뵽Ҷ̾˿֪ٻãѾ֪˺٣õĻѰòѡ
˼ת֪ѾϳԶ·̣ҲѾڱΣò˶ñήưôꡣ
̧ͷ˿ɫһҪֿ֮ʼ˵Ҳͦã֮Ļ
ЪŵĴӲʮ·̣һ·еĲһʱ֮ȻѾϳķ֮һ·̡
ֵˣһ䡣ָǰƬıĵҰݣ̰ĸпһ䡣
Ҷ˳ŶָȥȻǰԶ֮ǰڣ·ԶǳƬƬҰݣһ˶ߣεӰӰ´£ʱܳһ㡣
ͨĸ·ˣֳ϶ͷë˿Ʊգʱٽǿ˳ûĻƽʱͻƽضΡ
˼Ҷͽȴû취Ҷ첻ݸ
ͽһȥñɻҶƣ𲻶Ĺ⡣

ûԼ֣ɣ޵ʵ
Ҷаһۣ˵һܳ
·ʱԳں˶֣˵᲻ʰǣͷ˼ĿԶɽ֡
˳ŶĿ⿴ȥϷһССɽ壬ɽ岻ߣʮɣڽǶ⣬˿̾ƺֱͨʣֱͱƲһ㡣
췽۵ϢǴɽϴģ֮ͬʱм΢ԪϢߵʦң༸˲ֵһᡣ
ҲǰɡҶŶȴԺ׷ϮѵΪЩǮƺûô򵥡
ҿǡ˶ۣҶһʱҲˣϰ˺߷ԼĻش𡣷Ҳ𰸣֮ҪʣΪĥĥƤӶѡҶ˵ţ༰飬Ҳ⣬ӹͷ٩٩̸ֺ
ҶȻҲϰ˶߶񹦣˵Уֻе׷Լڷڵܹ֮һս
߰ɣȻҪˡ
˵գҶһ̤ʮ֮⣬õƺڵͨѧ̤Ʋ
״ǺһЦҶ̤֪޷⣬̤ƲͲΪҶ֮¡
ƿ֮𣬶ֱ׷ȥ
˿̣Ȼףһ۵İɫ˺Ѳ񷣬Ϊ֮һ
ǰʮ֮⣬µĴӵУһİӰסϢ롣


339 ˣ
˿ɫѾڣټƸǶ߻谵ĺܡǵӰѸڴé϶֮Уգ۱ڲɼ
һéڣ϶ƺɫأԭ·ϲﲻһʱԣҶͶѾȥ컹ûѲʲô⣿
̾һȿ˵ٹʱǶ˻ȥ϶;ƺڴ˵Ⱥ
϶Ľȫ£ߵĻ֮ʾ֮ͬȥ̾ͳ
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϶㲻ȥ⣬п˻ƸĴˣԷбտƺɫ˵
϶һ۾ƺ뿪ڣ΢ȴƺϡ
ɶֲСտƺЩãôҲǸжɣȻﲻæҲܱ׸
ҲƽʱҲˣʱɲþƺԣ˵ȥͲȥҪǸΥԺ׼ٴ
ƺһĲԹɫģڿ˪֮㲻ٽ¡˽ȵӣһ֣ףˡ
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ҲĶˡ϶ȻҲֽ˵ҪһЩƸĴﲻԳҶͶǷҲӦһս֮Ҳӳ졣
Ȼǰճ˵֮Խ⣬Ϊϣ󲻵
Ըɡ̾һ֪ΪΣ˿оϰ£һǰδеǸгͷ
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ˣھͳ̾վһѳԵı⽣š
Һһȥ϶Ҳȥ⽣
£Լ
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϶;ƺһͬʱҲ˴ǵӰ
˭¾һʶĳ˱⽣
ʣտĹâкСӳһƬ
ⲢûдӦǵӰһȻŴӣȴһֹͣɭȻо
϶¶һۣǴӶԷпľɫ

ͻȻˣֺХĿ硣ɨλ䡣
ڵϷ죬һѹָȻ
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⣬ưôµð̶ɵˮϻ谵ҹɫ谭󲿷ߡ϶ĿȥֻһЩ͵ӰվڴǰһϸڣҲ޷塣
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϶״󾪣ںʹⲻֻһŴֽѣô̵ľû취ֻӲ
⽣̧ԪעУһһɹ⻪ɵĽӦʶŶһ죬⽣оȻ׵¼Ľ
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ͨ
ʧȥ϶з󲮵ʬȻ£Ţˮнˮ
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žδؿڣҲҿˣǡ
˵û˵ȥĿ⻺СԺĳɫԽ
϶˳Ŀ⿴ȥﲢʲô
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ղһ˫ɫ۾Σڿڡ
ɫ۾϶ûʲôȱ飬ҼĶˣܹӵбɫ۾ĲޱѪ辭Ѫ֮ˡ
Դģǲǵˣ֮Զزؾ˵ԼɵΨһҪŪߵݺͶǲС
Ȼ֮Ų˵ıɫ۾Ѳ˸ϵֻһͿũˣԷΪҪʹɱ֡
Ϊ˿ˣ˵Ȼ̫
½㣬㻤סƺȥ϶ֱǰеĵӹɡ
βûкǹɱ£ǶɭĹȴ˿־塣
ȥɣβҪ뿪ӡ
˵գ϶ȥ
һƬïʢӲݣ˿̵ĲݴԼ䣬һ˫̵۾ɭɭĺ⡣


340 
ҰڼĴݲҡڸҹɫͷ϶һŲҰ俿עʪ·
⽣Ԫֳֶ߳һһҵĺ⽣Уʵ˵ǽ֮ΪذӦøһ¡
ܾɣⱦӳ·ĿâиŴĿ⣬һ֪ǷƷ
ڲݴе˫̰ĹâһڳܵİסΣɭɭҹɫ֮С
ھݴԲʮɵʱ϶ͻȻֹǰǾ裬ƺڸ֪ʲôֻǣ˷ް졣
ݴеĺӰǹһĨȣͺȴĲʳߣȫϢһǱ
϶ϳԥȻɭĸоҰòӱСġ
ʱС·ͻȻһɼΪԵϢȻ֪ͿǵϢȴǼΪĴݵ϶ĸ֪С
ϢƶʮѸ٣ֻƬ̹ѾڲһܵϢ֮϶һϲͬʱذ׺׵ݴԼȥ
ɫ˲˺һЩϰƬƬҰݱնϷƺΪ֮һ
ݴԼĺӰһƬ̺תΪʧ䣬ƾ϶ķӦɵ֪ǵϢǰߵǿԮ
ӰֳһƬĻŨضʵն淢죬ΪΡ
ʵ϶ֻĶʦѣԷʵԸ߹ԼǼıˣԼƿس̶˵ҲδܹһʤºҪܳʱ䡣˵òʧ϶ǵѡ˷ֻסԺţԷԷͻѡ
ʱ֮ǰǵϢѾУŴ˵طٸ֪϶Ϣ֮˿ûͣ١
ںڰеĺӰüͷԥƬ֮һΣʧڰҹ֮С
϶ǵϢ˵òĿͬһȴΥ͵ĺ񣬺Լ֪ûʦַۡ
ֱԺſڷżٶȣվ϶ǰ֮û˵ȴ¶Ĺذ
ʦ֡϶Цţⰵҹһʢİٺϡ
ֶþı֮ˣ۰ףȴ˿ûϵĸо
϶ÿɷ񣬵ͷƤЦš
ѵ֪ı˵ķ֮ж󣿡Ҫǳ⣬ȴ˹С
ûʦһԻ֣ŪûҪģһ䡣
һ϶ΪѪҺӵŵȻ֪ΪҶǲòĻƸүһսȻܴĸԸ
֪Ҳúõվô϶ʦֵĸ첲ʦ㲻ҪһװһװͰ͵ӣʵŲضԲԡ
۱Ľ䣬ѾͷԼᣬһỰͷ֮е
ˣԺҪ׶þı֮ˣסûУվ᲻ö϶СʦùǱƺڣϼ縺űΣȴƫƫϲһͬһСӣѹ֯һӦࡣΪʦ֣ʱôܺȥҲǹذһ֡
϶ͷЦ֪֪ˡ
֨ѽ
鱻˴򿪣ŵ˳һȿۣɻʵ϶ǡ
϶ۣ½ܵλԶ硣
һĺɣ֮ǰȻܵĲǺȴ֪ǹɰԵϢǷ֮ǰƵĺϲûְԵĿЩôǸصũˡ
·ۣ϶ø硣йоص¹˹֣ڱһ˵ǣȻҪϣΪ϶ڵƺڵӣƾ׶ʦֿ²һ¡
»һûɫȴֹ˵磬ƭ˭أ϶СѾͷϿ϶ʲôܡ
ǱվţϿݰɡ϶ָָע꣬Ц
˽ݣʪ˵ֵһᣬ߶ԪƬ̱ɺɡֻŮӶǾգǰ͹ȳƼ¡˿ʢģƽﴩŵﶼԱɳΪ±ˮʪϣԳκʪջ
ֳľƺĿɿڴ˺ͷ۴кֱ϶ݺݵŤһ֮󷽲žѣ۾ﶪɨɨȥ֮
ھƺҪ࣬ⲢΪܹΪ෴ģ׳꣬ѪգûӰ£Ʒкܼ㣬ƵϱܣҶ࿴һۣԼ¶ʲôĿ
Ůӵûô˼ɣ϶˵ƺСƨһԼĴʦ֣׸Ҳûʲôֲѹ·ֻ·Ӷѡ
´Ҳ⣬ھƺĸо϶һСƨ͵Լϴ裬Ȼֿ϶⵽һٱڷۣ¾͸ˣͷһʯһ㡭
Ԫͷϻð˿˿һʱ侹Щ
ƺ׼Ὣ϶úһѱղŤ첲ĴһˮΪ˵ˮ
϶ЩͬŰɣʵ
ûֹͬţǺѡ϶ֱ̽һԼƺڵǷ⣬˵Ķʵ޷ܡ
磬ҲΪɣ̽Եʵ
Ȼ񣬵ȴɵղһ·ѾԼΪչ¶ȻƱ磬á
УǺܴªȺɵǰҲաЦĺ̫ܺ˵仰ǻ˵¶ᱻᡣ
ºǺһЦû˵Խ϶򵥡
½㣬Ҫΰã϶˼磬һ۱㿴µ˼ǸϽ⡣
󲮵ʬ屻ŲУ˿̽ڵķ䲱һѪӡǱҧ¡
ۼһĻ֮ɫͻȻӡϤúܣΪμʦҲ϶ĸʳѪҺ֮µĺӡ
ѵҪнչ۰ͷⲢһɺϣ󲮲ӡļһһʦĳЩ
ʳѪĲ״Ȼ϶϶֪󲮲ĺӡʲô֮аֺûԡ
϶ȥģ˵¡
Ϊ˵꣬϶Ѿ˷ۣ˵磬Ҳȥ
ɻĿ϶ĵ»ȥԲ
ƺҲ֪Ȱ϶Ȱһֱ֮ӷ϶ģˣֻʱա
϶Ҳ˵һʱΣƺȻƽʱϻƪ첻֪ȴҲûϢ
ֻͷˮƽСú㳹ͣˡʱ﷽۲ûţĿʼڱ⽣϶еı⽣֮ϣʱʱɨ󲮲ϵӡ֮иȻ˼֡
һƺԶ۾ĸӡ


341 ŵ
۵Ŀ󲮲ӡãתص϶еı⽣֮ϡ
϶ƺܵ˷۵Ŀ⣬˵ҪͱȥĻ˱߳⡣
˿̴ѾЪֹԺ֮⣬·ߵҰﴫƳȥҹء
ʶ϶⽣ʦС
۵˵ͷȻӹϸۿƬ̺󿪿ڵǵؽƷӰΪؼҼǰżȻãʦǰȡû뵽˽ȵǡ
϶ü΢ѵҶͶǿؼҽ
ⱦ䵽Ҳ⣬ʦ˼ҵı쵱㡣תĿԶҹĻͷƺһ˶϶΢Ц
ʦ϶Ǹж֣ȻʦԼΪûȡԼȥһ㣬طǹػ˵ʦʦǹذмӣȴʦðսؼΪ˸Լһ
϶ٹգʦ㣬ȥɡЩ꣬Դ϶ƺ֮ʹûлȥȻҲţȴǸأа̽ʣֱ˾֮Ĺϵ
ףʦ϶ϲҶ죬ɱԭͬŮʦͽ֮ѺۡȻҲǺͬʦʦϾΪ϶룬Ϊһ˾ԼҺ
ҷ۾еѾ֪Ҷĵϸһδ޲֪٣ɱ°ôѰңҪ϶ȵʲôʱ
϶ĬֻΪҶʦôĳ׷
̾һ϶ޱ߱ҵ㷢ʦ֣һȥģתʦ϶ˡ
ļĳ˵϶мҺʦһֱ㣬ҾʱˡʦˣȻȻ˶ѾЩѹƲסѪҺķɣò˶á
ʲô϶ͻȻ֪ʦڵѪҺж񱩣û뵽Ȼ񱩵ɵĵزΪŮһĴڣȻûв
ʦ϶ܵһǸǿŮӣ˿ȴȻӯۿ
۲óοˣֻǼ϶ļû˵
Ƭ̺϶ǿסˣ۽ǵԾʪ妣ʵѵûʲô취ô
Уǡԥ֪϶Ըѷʦÿ϶ΪʦѰǼ
ʲô϶ʵ
ˣǲҪ˵ˡۿʼڣղŲӦ顣
ʦ֣϶ӼʦĲѾѵηҲҪѾҵһô
Ȼǣ϶㲻Ҫ룬ģʦҩһҵ۸Ͻ⡣
϶û˵ȥ
ۺ˽϶Ҳûаٷְٵİҵҩ϶ʦ뿪һ죬϶»СΪ˵ȴΪʦТ϶ܽܵġ
仰˵ҲҵõûȥҸ顣
۳̾һԥƬ̺˵ʵʦֹӰлһпܱҩ
϶ԾӰǶԼٱǣôһҲӦҶͶϡ
ʦ֣ңҽȥ䣬Ǳ·϶ֻ֮žҵҶǣȻǺܿҩȡΪʦβ
ȥģһɻ϶Ͳһϲŭ޳ĹؾͻȻ㣬ѵĴҶ˵õǼ
ڴ֮ǰ;ҶͶԱǱǶ˽ػ񣬵Ϊ϶ǣ۲ûΪǣΪһҶ˶֣ʦʦ֮䱾Խ䵭Ĺϵ»һ˪
ȥҶ졣϶ѾſڣͷҲص˵һ䣬˷ܡ
Ҳͷһɣ϶Ҷóļﲢʲô¡
Ƭ̺϶ٶȳº;ƺϾղŷһĻǶҲȫԱһȥˡ
ɽϡҶģһƴҶͶ֮ҲиϢ
һ׵̤ǰ·̣гʮұӭҶͶˡ
ҶһԻĿˣ϶˵龭·Ƨڡ
˱⽣ҲеӰ֮⣬ֽ䣬һ鵤Ҷ˵
ֽǷ϶ʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ָʲôûУǿ鵤Ƿᵽܹʦҩ
϶ҲףֱҶҪŶҶ˵ԼԶһҪĶࡣ
Ȼ뷨ȷģֻǺܲɵҶѾ鵤ãǿ鵤һöΪ鵤Բʲôҩ
϶̾Ҷ첻ƭԼû뵽ǿջϲһ
Ҷ϶㲣ͷûɵһʹ
ʦʲô֢Ҷʵ
ʦѪҺ̫񱩣;ԵѾ˷ɵĵز϶ʦϸҶ죬ԼãǰԼϲģ˸ӣԼʵ
Ҳа취Ҷ˼Ƭ˵
ģ϶ϲ
ȻģֻҲѣɹļʲұ֤Ҷɫ֣أ鱦ͨ϶ҩƪļض಻ʤƿ񱩷֮Ҳ΢мأֻܷЧͲö֪
Ҫô϶಻סͷļеʵ
Ҷ˵ҪѰҩֵ貢δһҩܹɣҪҩۺϻ֮ҩԷܹЧЩҩǸƷ׵ĴڣѰңΧһפأⲢһװ쵽顣
϶ҶüֻҶ첻ǺԸ˻ˮʧӿͷ
Ҷ϶ķӦݸЦ˵ǲɼҩϵɽ»æҲһҪ
Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵Ļ϶ȻǿȴжĿ޳֪ⲢҶ췢ĵĳŵ
Уüͷ϶Ƶʵȴ̵ֿ˻
ѵзˣҶװá
϶ԺǺһЦղ˵ҶļƻҶνķΪΣӪ˪ΪԼʦѰҩһҶѾ
϶û˶ԴףҶ֮ԻԾ˵һ飬ǾڵԼҶǱʶѾܹ˪Ტۡ
ģȥæ飬ʦǱ߲ʮż϶ƽ˵
ҶмĿ϶һۣ飬϶ʦǱܹһʱ䣬Ǽֱٺòˡ
ôҸֲҰ㡣϶ЦȻҶܹΪ̰Լе϶ͷͬĨһǡ
˶һЦû˵
ҹ󲮣϶Ҷ콲Ǻ˵һЩ飬Ҷ϶Ӧɡ
ҹʮ֣ؼҵһ᷿򿪴һֻųŷʡ


342 ִ˼
ѾҹҶ˸Ϣ⣬Խ˶󲮵éݵС˵飬˵ֺ϶䣬ȥ
϶ͷԼûʱȥʦտ϶УԭҶ»϶ҪȻҶ첢֡
һ㣬϶ҲʮҶܹҵʦҪҩܹԴΪʦҶӡ϶ɫࡣ
ôţ϶ЩԾԾԣ޲̾ҶǰȥɱǸĳˣȳԼ˪֮һʵԵľϣ϶ţҶḺһƬġ
ҹ޻Ҷ쾲˼ŸҪ飬ߣ϶ݵѾע⣬ǵջүνı磬˶ܿ䲻֮ƺûʲô£֮Բ˯Ϊ
ûûΣ죬ƺ˯ԭ˵ǲ˯ʵ˯ŲŶԡ
ٽʱһӰӴֽƶ˽ЩǴõų档
ų˵ķɵҶͣ£Ҷ챾û˯ֽӹųС㣬ͷһ
СҪ˵µĶҪʮﴦһΪƽݵĵط棬˵񽻴
ϢҶ˵ֱȻ֮Ǳע֣ǾúءĶԹҪһ˽ᣡ
С˪ҡҶĿ˸һѪӿͷ
ǿ԰ͷļҶķ˸ߵ϶϶¡ұ߽Ŷƺұࡣ
۽ɨ£ֻƺѾ˯ڿ϶˿̳΢͸ʢĵĺ磬Ѿܹüݡ¾϶֮϶˫ۣĽë֯һ𣬺ƽȶ೤ǻһ˿Ц⣬֪ǲ˯μԼ
϶ģҾṼ⡣Ҷ찵ԷģȳС˪۷ʲô飬϶
ڡŬĴź֪࣬ǲǱǿױţһŴ죬ʮѣŪʱᱻָо
Ҷһ£ûκηӦһԣһȻתѡ
ˡҶ׼ˣԼҲʲôˡ
²֪Ҷ֮ǰõŷߣ˵ԼЩ˽Ҫ죬Ҫ֮󷽲ܹҲõġ
ŵ˵أ֮ǰͷһۣ˯쵱У˿ʼԣƺűһֻѹڶϣ϶ǵЦƺ֡
ϷţҶȻȥȥսʵҶĲ·磬ıƣĲұ֤ܹճ
ҹ꣬Խ峿Ŀ£Ҷһڣֻˬһ
·Եľˮˢϴʮָɾ̳Ƭ͸ּݴԵСͳƺԳĶ
飬Ҷһȥض°빦Ĵý֡

Ҷߺ֮϶ʱ˲٣Ⲣû˯ĸʣΪֻƬ̹϶գգˮĴ۾߳⡣
ʵʼնû˯һֱҶĶĵִ㶼ͬȥ׻òҵԼˡ
Լˡ϶ű㲻ɵٶʧЦһһֱΪķЦΪ⣬ò˶ܹ׵׵ıҶԼˡ
һ·࣬϶˽ҶʵֻһҶ޷֪ľԶԶںͷ䷢ֿ»Լϻȥ
϶ߺǻ˫ۣȥҶµţɨһ飬ͷ΢⡣ʲôаЩ˽£ѵ˴֮Ѿֵֵزʲô鶼ܸ֪
УҲҪȥ´æûô˼ɣ϶ȥãȻҲȥá
˿̵£ȫûעԼ̬ľ޴ת䡣
𼱻ǵ¼򵥵ϴһϰߴʹ±Ͼָɸɾݡ
ˮӰ˾ƺƺִ˶ıӣȫ׷ѯʱʲôҶ϶ǲܳٺٺٺˡ
һһСɵȱ⣬мʰ׵Ҵҳţ϶Ϣ׷ȥ
;ƺԣŽ¡һ·ѯ޹ȴԼһ
ҶòǾǸδ˰ɣĵ
뵽ڴҶòҪҵǸδޣ϶զôǸֱӣȻ˪Ҷδޣ˵ϵӦ϶һڶ˵ֻʶ϶Һ߻ȹֶѺֵܣĳӿǾŲ㶼б϶ߣΨһһ㻹ǿµϲǿȥġ
Ȼ˭Ҳ㲻Ҳֻˡô룬ȻֵҪˣȻҪİε
µĿ׷϶ͬУٶȸϵĺܿ죬ѾóԳѪҺԸºѹƺɾͲˣʮ֮ڻǿ·ԽԽԶ˫Ѿʼʹ
㻹вУͣסΣͷںͷľƺţЩ͡
ƺȻȴʮĺӣһŮӰԼĵ׸ǿ϶ˣ¾ǡߣ͵
Աתг֮ȴͻȻԼЩ쳣ؾ˻𼱻ǣҶֲȥֻЩ˽°ˡ
뵽½侲طƺߣͶУһ·һ±ǣҪǿˡ
ƺֻһůؿѾʾǿ֮ĩȴȻӲĽû£ֻȫǡ
ĺޣŶһٶ̡
ε죬ɻû˵±ѾӰƮȻԶȥ
½ȥԽСӰƺͷǱ˳һ£ûɵһʹ
Ҷ죬һᳬ㣡ƺҧذģ֪䣬һɲͬĴȻٹͷ
˵ɶû壬׷һ䡣
ƺҲرܣСд㣬һһظһ죬Ҫڸ涼ԽҶ죡
񾭲㡣Ϊ⣬ɲ֪ƺĴж֪ƺΪҶԼԭҶ㡣
ȻʵµԼĸ㲻Ӻζ㣬˵ʵδҶ㣬УҶȴһֵı۰
ҡҡͷԼȥϲõˣǶôһ顭


343 
Ҷһ·ȴδȫȻмУǵƽݺпܻһսΪ˸·˷̫²̫㡣
ʱҲüٶ֮ǰôܺϣƶϸƻϺúϢһֻһսˡ
ΪҶٶȲû£϶ǿϣѧ棬϶£ǶˣǺҶ֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ
̤ǵؽѧѧԴϡȱ£պյͳ綨ҲͲ˶ѡ
϶ĺ࣬ı֮ôһ¿ɾͲͬˣȻҲΪ״ӣѧƿػ̤ͣƲ֮ϣʵԸߣͱ˦֪Զˡ
ȻƾĶʦʵܹ˦ѡͣЪʱʹѧ۶ʮأʦڵʵΪ̣Զ϶ĻȻҲ֮С
Ȼƽ޹ʣỳɣΪ϶ˡڶҶսת䣬϶ĴڣѾһ˵Ĺо
ĵһ뷨϶ʵڶ뷨϶֮ͨΣ϶ƺڿ϶ֻΪô򵥡
̾˿ٶ̣ȫûע⵽Զƺĺ֮
ʵ϶ʵʾ֮ҲὫѸƺڣΪƸ״ӣȻ֪Ե͵յ³ȥҶһ棬϶Ҳܹ֪֮һ
֮Ҫ̽ףԭȻԼҲ㲻ֻǰοԼ˵֪֪治֪ģҶܵΪá
ܵܡáǺǡ²ҡҡͷ۶۲˵Ļѻʵ̫ûˮ׼б˭϶ẦҶ죬Լڲ֮ǰѾٽҶ쵱һܵܡ

ʱ֣ҶڸеΧڰҪС΢һСľ׹һ
Ҷ̽һĿͣǰİʮɿĵط
һũңԺӺСľդΧʡéݵݶЩӲݣſڹһЩߴŵཷɲ֮࣬ǽмۼϹӶܿ⻧˼ҹĺܲԣ
Ҷ׼ԺϵļٳʱѾһ鲼ѡ
˸Ƨ˵ڣҶ콫鲼ѻϣȻҵһ̫ø֮ɳغһڣһ׵Ѿȫͷ϶ϲ
ҶҵһСϪȻΪϴڶϪˮһ֮󷽲ȥ
ģֻ϶Լͷһ㶡
ط;УͻȻøղǻ˼ҵķϸȥԭǻĸڴĸû۵͵Լ
Ҷ캹֣Լ治Ǵ͵ղߵüǮƣû뵽һʱ⾹ȻΣ
֮ǰѾֽ֮УҶȡһǮԶһͬǰǻ˼ҵǽ
һ죬ɽǶǽ֮С
ǻ˼ҵˮ׼⶧ӹ㹻һ껨һټ鲼Ҳ´ˡ
ˣҶЩⲻȥкܶණǲǧ𲻻ģȻ鲼ѿ϶ǣϾû˼ͬ⣬ȻǮҲЩڵĸо
ָоʧΪҶ̾Ǹ˵ľ֮˵ʲôүơ
ҶЦҡͷǲү͵ģδҲ̫СһЩ
ת־ЩȻ˵׻ǰģһƺѾ;ƺƺ֮κͽ⵹ҲǼĵ顣
ٶҡҡͷ¸ЩʱҪǸϿȡϵ
Լһʱ֮ҶĽֵ֮ϡʮ֣˵Ǽֵʱ֮һϵ̫̫Խϡ٣ֱָ
һջνΪҲǣھƹݺϼ뾮ˮֹҾƣҲ˼һ¡
ҶΪ˲˶ĿֻܻڿտĽֵ֮ϣ˿鲼ѵĹֳˮܿʪճҪжܡ
ؼҵķڼж࣬ԹŶΪʱ԰ֱĶףҲһ
ֱؼңҶתһ룬ΪӪϲߣһƽͷϰܹؼҴţԼҪһߡ
ھؼҲԶĵطҶͣ·ԵĴһĲҶԸ߼һľѯʹʱ֪֮ҪȵؼҷܹŷЩȥס
Ҵ󻧹Ȼۺ񣬵ҲװɲؼӦһʧ
ҶһڲвؼҵȤ£سַܣسֳ͵Ӷ̵ƨơ
ڰʱ̣Ҷһͬؼң˲֮Ҷ׼͵͵ؼԺ
ؼеλ˲ܽĵطҲǸִ¼𣬳һЩ˲ˮѾ֮⣬Կӣʵʦ綨֮ϡ
ҶܣﵽԼһĶʦ綨֮ˣ˿ʱ䣬ӦΪ
Ķʦ֮ϵ޼ǰһȺ¥洫һΪϢҶ޷֪ʵӦؼҼس
⣬ɿ᷿һʦϢпܾ
֮ǰںĽҶѾ֪ʵһʱʵͻͽ˵⻹ҪлΪ㹻ΪԼ£ϧָΪ
ﵱȻΌܣûʵԶҲȳС˪ûʵһжǿ̸
Ҷװ˶ԺмΪۣһҰȻҲܻ쵽ԺǱ˿񲻴Ϲȡ
Ҷ첻ҰһѲ߻и̤֮Ⱥҷܹ١
ȻҷҶ⣬ʵѲߵĻЩʵܵġ
Ҷӹ᷿Χǽһ˲䣬Ѳ߻һĺӺȻתͷüϸ˺óʱ䷽ȥ
Ҷ찵һʵߣ־Կɲ˭ܾ߱ģسܹưҲȷ֮е顣
ϾֻǻܹҶʸϵλáգȰ˵£ԼǿĻֻȥ
Ǹ˲šҶҡͷԣԼһҲһ˲žԲܴ
ͷܿ㱻Լ񶨣һʲôûȤǶѧ֮۲־
СҶжСЩһܹԼĳԼӹ۾
ŽС΢飬Ҷȷް֮ƿķš
ƿ֮ҶһΪгﻹһˡ
ϸֻƾǹаҶ֪˭
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344 
鱻ƿȴһλԷһʶҪԺ죬ڿԷ֮ѸٸһĨ֮ɫ
νۺ죬Ҷ޲̳ȥնɱ˪䲻ֻǿѹŭ˵һߴ֮Ҵ˳⡣
رգڵͽȻ
ŵĺɫ۽ȫһ˫յ֮⣬κ顣
Сȴûбע⣬ȱؼҵ˽⣬ټҶղ˳ȥʱ˼Լô죬ɱԹȥ
ؼ¿ɲһˣ֪ؼԺǾµʿڡߴԺϡ棬ϡһԷȻܱܿײԼķ䣬ֻһֽ͵ĿܣǸԷҶ졣
Ҷ˳֮ŻŲʹýŲضңһµʿڵȨ̸֮еı֡
Ǹϸ֮ˣԴԷƳȥ֮һֱŶԷĽŲ˿ͷⰲĲ١
˭˿
ҡҡͷ񣬸ղŵƿνһȻҶ˼ϸܴ侲ֻĳЩԣ˪ۣƹɱɭõӡһĵߣһһͷȵĳ̶ȱ˭Ҫء
˪֪٣ðȻֻỵ˴£ܹɱ鲻С˪кá
ٸˣСӻĺܲҡвǰĿҶһ׳ĲջҲ֪Ҷؼң֮飬ں¶űûн顣
û˵һʱѾϰĿźָʹû취ΪõҪʱԼҲ޶
ƽݵļƻȡٵҵ֪ͨ΢ƺһ
һһɱ㡣˫ֽ߬Ų豭
ԣȤĻͷаЦҲŻôһ죬쵽֮ǰûʶһЩ
԰գٶЦתȥ
ⲻԶҶȻطŶ˵ĶԻͷȻһ
ϾǷ˿óȻıƻпֻǻɣȴδ׷Լô˵ϵʱԽԽ¶
ʱҶܵϢ棬Ҳ֪˭϶µɡ
³϶Ͷ֮º;ƺ֪Ӫ˪飬ǱѰԼ߱﷢ţµĿԽ󽵵͡
ò׵ȵᣬǰߡ
뵽ҶסϢȻȥķȥ

һ㲻ϴҲ㲻Сĳ򣬲Գ¥֪˾ΪһĴ󿤳ǡ
˿̳⣬϶ŬֱŷʵϵԲﷶΧڵʱѾʧȥҶټ߻ӣϢʤöƵϢҳҶ죬ֱǴһã
û취ֻܵȴ
ԼСʱ֮µӰڳ￪⡣һϮ¼ӽͬƮȻӣ׵磬һ֮С
˿ҲŮȻȱƾµݣ˵ССõǧ˿ڵľҲԳƵ֮ˡ
ԶۼѵȺſڣȾɫŮ˭ҪһΪ졣
ʵǵò϶¡ȴûע⵽˼ܵĺô˴ǰǰ¶棬϶Ҫ鷳
ھŰʮɴٶź϶һ⡣ҶϢ϶ˡ
ĿĴϣܹãã˺ҵϤӰҶ϶Ӱ
²ͷûпڲԼɫò֮˵Ŀɳ֮
кȻؼҴɰ
ɰسΨһĶӣ֮ҪԴΪسֻ˼ɶΪЩ˵Ȼֻǹߣ޷ɰȡ
ؼΪһɰسֵͷ⣬⵼Сͺ޼ɡоڸѾãɶıǺɫ
ǿŮϡƽԴ󷢵ʱ˶Ź
ҲСƫһڣ˵ؼҵҪʲôŮ˻òƫƫϲŵĸмһˡ
ӰľȻǰܻ׵ĸŮ˫ɣҲ١
ΧȺڵĵУɰҡƺƵĸȥ
ȻΧڽϿŮȻҲʲôûɫ֮ҪɰҲ۲ѡ˵ûҪˡ
˵ʵɰòȣǲȺܹġ
ֻҡ̽ȣһϮ°׳ԣüޱͦΣǶȳƣһӵģ
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µȻҲܵɰǳȵĿ⣬öˣСľƺڣֻҪĵطʹȱĿڨĹӡ
İɣȣҸĵطЪЪɰǰɴվ֪ΪΣдŮӣƺҪ¸湫ӵӡ
ΪѾܷȵ˵Ƕ˵ȴмһˣִڨķʽ̫ˮ׼
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ֻʣǱӴ꣬ûɰ첻µġɰ޵⣬˵Ҳȷǻѻ
Ǿ͹ˣұǺͼͬκʧ̫ʵ޴Ѱ˵
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µɰͷڵӿһŭʲôطӵĵ̣˵ҸˣǾҲһ仰¡
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345 Ů
ɰһڸʹ˸ɫ̻⣬ɹûһҲаʮˣ졣
һȺ´󺺺Χվм˿ƺƸ״ӻоŵ
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ۿһڴ֣Ȼ֪ɰ׼ǿɫħ쵹ùȻ̫ͷ϶
ӦΣ²мЦ
㻹ô˵㻹ǻƻŮšɫ֪ٹӸ˰ɡɰԱ¶ʼԻ
üһγʡ
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£򣡡ɰ֮µŭĿλ
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ȵ£һ˿ŴأǴۣڸ˱⽣ɢ͹â
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ӣȻռ࣬ȴҲѪ֮ˡһسֶԴ˲ų⣬ʮֽɡ⵼ؼһ˶֪һЩѪڵš
ܿ죬ۼ˱аöõĿνɱ
˿ɰߣ˵˼䣬˼²ǡ
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ΪСϢ˵ǧ֮Щܾۼصģǵǣ½ؼҴΪѲ鷳
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οΪһѳˣɰԺô¶ͷ첻ˡ
ϻϡɰһͷʾ˶Ǹ۵Ĺ
ͬʱɰĵƵ㣬ȻҸըëòͷˡȰʵٽֵǳȻһĨ˭֪ôûġ
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Χ߸Ͻˣ˲óϴһյأͷҶȻ֣һѪɾ͵òʧˡ
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⽣ڳʣһĨ͵ĹƲһȴնϸֵųֵ˶Ѫ岽
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Ȼ²ɱ˿ħֺзִ磬Ⱥɵ˺ֻʱʧȥսѡ
ҪҪæ³ʣЦſɰ
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Ȼȥɰ仰ķæǱѡģæĽֺпܾǺʬ
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ôԵô裬һоŮӵСǵİʹ£ҪΪɰ׻˵󹷻ÿˣˣҲóˡ
ȻҪɰͷֹ֮ǰ˲ʧԼãŮӻǸ׶ǲĽɫŪá
仰ڵϴĴҲɵۣ˶ثˣҲϽʶȤı죬һСǵɷŭһĿɾǳԷļһˡ
һ;𾪵ĿɰҶ϶ص㡣
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ĩˣɰǿһ˿Цݣųʵ֪㡭
Ϊ˵꣬ɰȻƳΣһ״ͼi
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نҵҪҵˣͷŻ
ɰæӦţҲ˵Ĵ֣һ̵ûӰ
һܣһлѰؼôˣӶĵɽϡѵǼҵײɡ
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ȻáȻԼʵҲƷɰƣ϶ҪӺðһЩ
õصĵͷѰҶ죬СӾǴܵҲñ
뵽µϸһ˿Ц⣬ԹĸоһεõԵ顣
ԱߵȺһذϢûУ϶˳ȺʧԶĽֵ֮С
ȻѾƽѣΪԼǲҪĺá
ֵ˶ӵĵط»¶һǧܿģСϵ̸ʾͶ˰ŮɳͼĹ¼
Ҳܻ䣬ֱڴϣƾͶĳԺŮͶļĿ⡣˴һ£ؼڳǳضף·˻һЦؼҷȥ
·ĵɵסŮûôɱټֶκԹݣЩصһӦǸ˶޷ܵİɡ
ֽǵĳҶ΢ͣ٣ȻϢԽԽԶȴòͣסŲˡ
·ӻСĭɵĽŰŮɰֶΣԱ߾ۼʮڣ㶼þ۾ĹӿһһѣҲ৵͡
û취˼Ҳ·ʱһǸպ·ģһֵϢ϶ҪȽֱЩʵĶࡣ
Ҷ쾲ţһ֮ĴšµˣһŪôĶؼŻͳ죬ĹϽΧ
Ǽ档Ҷͷһº棬е鶼Ǳ¶
Ҹ䲩Զ䲩ʯ䲩ֵȫţ˪ʧ٣вĹߣʵҪγܣ
뵽ҶҲԥȫؼҷȥ
ҶոȺ֮УԶΧǽͷȻһȫ۵Ӱ


346 
˵˵ҲЩʮ˿ڵĳǳأؼΪ˵ذȻ֮С
ǳضףһƬƽ̹ĵشﻷɽˮ羰Ϊؼׯ԰֮ء
һ·Ѿᳵ·Ҷ˵϶Ҫ࣬һ·ײš
Ҷͷ·ɿ죬ڷһ¶ʱڷǰԶǵԵӰ
ظ̾˿ҶŲԷŻ˵ؾؼһʮ֮ң׷ֻƬ̵Ĺ򣬲̫ż
еѾƽԭشԶܸߵɽ֮һƽмһ̹;·ǱĵҰݡ
ããҰݼϡϡŵͰľʱʱɿһЩ¹֮ĶﱼУżֻ׷𣬲ӰҲܿû߽һ˵Ұݵвټ
Ҷ·ٶȵļԶɽһӰһš
֮ͬʱֵļеٶӭסһһʮһ꺢ͯһһε׳
˵˱Ķ;ƺȻѾϴεʱ⣬ȴһƬ࣬ĺӲһ
㿴ǸһͲǺöɽеĴ˾Ǳ𴦵ĶԣΪ˺ҾͿ֡
ĸĸ
ڽֵĸߴߴ񼸺Ӳῴκһˡ
ȻǺƺǵĻ¶ĳ͵
һ˵Ͳˣʲôף֪֪ǸʲôģĴӿؼҵԺ֣һ仰¶
Ҳʼ壬仰Ͱ֮ǰǸ˺ƮƮȻӻͳһСУֽֽңƬ̺һֻųؼҷȥ
һ¸̾һöӣ˾Ǻð¡
ȻмڴȺ฾ΪĶʦӵԳѪҺͰѸ˵ȥ
ĵһŻӵֵܾؼҼҪ˲ˮźء
ͽˣԽԽ˳ֻۣǸ
ͻȻоԼһ£һȫ˼ںǿɶ˶ˣȻûע⵽˽

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ͷһЦɶҶ찡
϶һ˼ڰҶӪ˪ء϶ȴ⣬⣬ҪʩԮ֡
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ھƺ˵Сֱ಻ʤܺȻ϶£Ҳ֪ƺ֣Ҳ⡣
ƺٺһЦ֡
ҪҪȵĿа֮󷽲˵ƺо仰еԲסֵܡû취϶ľ˼ѣǸ˪ûԶ붼ϡ
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ҵҶ죬Ȼţûоƻ϶˵
ϣ϶ȥؼˣظϴҶҵؼ԰ʵһҪûӣ϶ҲҪƾԩ·
ͨؼҵ·⣬۸ӣм䱻һɽͽȥɽ嵹ǽ;ɽϤ·ľŲ㶼·
϶ѡʵʵڴ·ؼңɽ·ûǵԭǣߴ··ơ

פһ·ڲ֪˴̣ȥֻããҰݣ˵ؼ԰֣һéݶü
ʱͻȻܵһϢԶգۼһ֮ڡ
ͷҲֻЦֻɰҵıԼĴ׷ˡΪ˲ԷԼзº̤һ·˵ξ顣
ܿ촫ȻԶϡЩ졣
ڽһЩֹǶ죬ⲻҶô
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ѸٸһĨΣԳЦЦ½Ѿ֤һУҶУֻǸ㡣
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Ҷ׷һûôڷܣ󽫻תε
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ûرҪ£ֻϴһЩҪ׵µҶֻܺ˵˵ˡ
ǲؼңʶ뵽ɰǿɶ
Ҷ΢ԥؼĿ̫ױ𴩡
¼ҶԥҲߴ٣ֻǾġ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷ뵽һΪʵǿʼ䣬˵ҲʶϴЩǴеġ
ºɵĿҶһۣĵСƭңΪ϶ģ϶ǸһͲѰ¿϶йء
ȥ
Ҷһ¸¾ͱɣҪ취˦С
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ŭҶ죬ұ۸㣬㾹ȻЦûеģ
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ˣ޲̹ȥհһԼ


347 ããҰ
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ԣͻȻ֮䣬ҶȴܵϢƹɽȻһȥ
룬Ҷ췢ȫǵϢ׷ȥ
һ׷һӣ˼伸ʼձŹ̶ľ롣ҶаһǰѧϺԼһĲ࣬û뵽ټȻܹ˿·硣
ֻǲ֪ʵֻεĽչԼ֮ǰһŵſǱ߬ʮ֮õġ
һ·ۣҶֻоڵѸͿգɷȴʼձź㶨ٶȡ
Ҷͷһ뵽ԼмˡèѪҺû壬䱼ٶè츳κԪ׷ȥԼľ֮ʱԷȻԻǹ̬ɱ
Ǹʱ򣬿ֵضڣɱһ̸
뵽ҶϽסŲֽж鵤Ѹ£ղŵ׷Լƾ⼸鵤Ӧܹڶʱڳ׻ָ
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з紵ߴһ˵ҰػζǰһưСӰҰݼʱʱ֡
ƺ̣һɺԶ
ͫ΢ҶٶȷΣ֪ҪŭԼյ֮߶Ҷ첢á
еٶȴѾﵽһܹ鵤ҩƽĳ̶ȣٶȴܹЧĽĿһƽȵĵϡ
ԶͻȻĹЦȻգȴҹɡ
Ҷһ飬ǺЦЦȴ鲻Խ䲩ʯ䲩ҹ
ұضң
ŭҰźվȻʼᡣƬƬƴ߹ԭʵĲҰ˲һѹƵĸоܡ
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ԶаЦɻص·ٳЦҶܣȻԼŮ˶á
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ԵѹͽȻӿǵ⣬貶Ŀ
˿̵Ҷ쾹Ȼͬս񣬻̻̲һ
ܵͬѹԭڱèͽȻţ̰
Ŀ󷽣дԹԹƺдЩ
˫ٶ뾲ֹ˿ҶԵޱȵѾɢĨԾ貣ͬ췣ס
ȻԶǸܵǽɫĿеɱ⣬ǿ֮ٴηаĻȣҶ찡Ҷ죬˳ѪȻ԰Ūڹ֮С
գӶܿʧããҰ֮䡣
Ҷ첢û׷𣬴˿ֻǰһƬɣһ궯ϢӿЩ޷ƣֱ˺ƿǶ
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·ֻҪһȭضɫ
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ңͼԼ

ҶХΪХ£Բʮ޾롣Ϊȴŭ
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һ屻ͿհĸоϮͷ֫ٺѵƣһҶֱӵҰ֮䡣
ƾ꣬ȴԲܽ˯ꡣ

Ҳ֪˶ãҶֻоۣƤһƬͨ죬۾
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ᶯ˶壬ûгеƣʹһ糣챩ӿĳ֮ʧ١
վҶٶһǳջǵ糣û˿ĸı䡣
ɻ󣬳֮ΪλͻȻмΪλͻȻʧ
ȻⲢܹͬ顣ҪǻطؼҺͷǷµļƻ
׷̫Ҷ첢ûע⵽ʱ·»ĿĹˣֻöϱû˿ĲͬһȥããҰ
ѵ˴ҶͷͻȻӿһɺ뷨ĺпܡ
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ȥôڻеҶɾҪװ͵ҵˡ
Ҷ²û˼飬ĸоѾµˣһҹʱ˫Ѿˡ
ʵ϶źܴƾʦֱֳ⽣ԳѪҺ϶ڻغͬһӦǶ֡
¾˸ûлϣĻпһҹ֮ƣ
뵽ҶֻúëԼΪһ֮λѾʲôС˪ֱ¾ˡ
Ȼѷַ򣬵ϾҲֻһƬͨĲҰҶϸֱ棬Ƭ̺ҳȷķ
ԪһҶĸٵƬ̣ȫȥ
Լһʱ֮ҶгҰԵгһܸߵɽ壬Ǳ׷㡣
ǣ˿Ҷȴ˿ɣ෴ģȻǽ뽹ǡ
Ҹĳٶȸͷһ֮˲Ұ׵ͬӡԼͷԲȫޡ
ҶݺݵҧҧʲôܸԲǡ
Сʱȥǰֳнֵ־ڽϺã̫Ǻܶǲǻ磬Խֵͷܶͽ֮ڶ
첽߽У췢ʲôսӦܹõõϢ
ѯʴҶһ֯ĸ˿мֵϢ
ҹ䣬Ǳը֪ļҵĸ˶֡


348 ÷
Ǹ˵Ļɫͺ侳һ㣬ҶһֻҲ꣬ǸһǮٸǱ
Լķ֮һʱҶǱĳһƬߵ԰֣ΧǽԺӲݺưܾ
ԺصĴŵģ¥ѾȱҶϡԼ֣ʲôѾ޷塣
ƿţ֨ѽ죬ҶӰ԰֮С
ۿȥʯʯм£Ȼովһս
Ҷʰһʯмϸ鿴ֻʯмѴβ룬Ǳĳ顣
ȥеʯҶ룬ܿһιţµϪѸɺԣõʬɢȳζ
ߣһƲռĹĴǰȻѾĿȫǣܹĳյׯɡ
һ˵԰֮в֮Ľ˵ѧڡ
λþֱţƺʺڽѧ
Ҷ˼֮ǰǷ֯ĸ˵Ļ˵ԭãרԵѧ
뵽ҲȻˣΪÿڣͬڼÿڴҲϡ棬˵׵㣬һûʵķѡ
Ŀǰ죬ֻǰһ˻ѾɫһնϣпƽΪд߷¡
ɣ£ҹűնϵġ
ѵ½㡭Ҷ￩һ££׶༪ˡ
ֳůֱ﷽ų֣ͨսʱʯԿսѾʼ
²һ֮ſսѾֱʮĴŶ֣˵ⲻУѾ˱޿ɱܵĵزƴ
ȻֻҶĲ²⣬ܽƾ۵Ĳ϶Ѿѡ
ϾҲʦֱֳ⽣
Ҷ԰̽飬вñش֡
˴ǽձ齹ڣһŨصսζ˵ҹովһҶ˹ʯϵĽڣһʯھȻһɻҡ
ͨĻ޷ﵽֻٻȻǶ֮
Ҷ˵Ҳ˱޴󰭡
д󶨣ҶĽŲŻ࣬ӰδվЩġ
ĿĻε԰֮УҶ첻п𺷵֮ǰĻԻռؼ㣬ҵǿѾưܵĽ㱻󵽴˴յķ⡣
һʱ֮Ҷһַ԰һһƬ컨Ϊ԰ֻ԰
԰ֵ䲢Ӱľֻ԰޼֮õľѾ֦ɺ·
Զƺˮøʱﲢû⵽ټķ԰֮УΨд˵ػ
ͻȻïܵľ֮зһȺ񣬴֮Ҷͷӹ
󣬺֮ҶͷһϲǶ
̤ҶӰ˲ģС
һ֣һɺƵҶںгѪ֮ױ㿹ȻԸȣ޷Ҷɷֺ˺
ǰӰǺѹѹһƬװͳһǺ¾ãڰ֮ϡ͸֦϶ڸֵ֮ϣλεĹâ
ȺģϡɼϤӰǰһ󺺣ȫɫĻΧŭĿԲ粻һ
Ŀٿ϶˪ƺڣ˾ƺЩѪ˲ơ
˫˵ֻĶסԷǿԿ˲˵ΪѾȫƿء
˿̵ĶһսǿҶ춼оһ˿ѹ
硣
ڶ׼ֽѵһЩ֪ĺʱȺͻȻЦ
˫ͬʱһʶ𴦿ȥ
Ҳۼһ۱㿴˴ǰЩؼ͵ĹʲôɽϡĴء
ӣôɡһ˲ͬ׳첽ӭǰֻؿڴ˿ŷͼһҶ첢ûмޡ
Ҷ˰֣ϵô˭
࣬ӵʧԶӭԳ׳Ҷ칰˹֣˵ɰͨ󣬾ȻѸ׸ոսʶﶼ
ࣿؼҵˣҶʵ
ûؼҶӡ˵ʱ޵⣬ؼҶӵͷȻûдɰͼسؽҲ˲֪˲ˡ
ŶҶֻǵͷ߹
һȫû뵽ҶһסسֽӴҶ죬Ϊ֪ӶӵѵǴãԲûн㡣ȴڲɨҶһۣҲͰԼ
ΪҶΪԼݶһôҲؼҶӣɮ濴棬Ҳô
Ҷӣǲҵġ΢вã˵ʱԼһ֣ĿУ¹ӻ˭سǰһ׸ƵĹѡ
ɣҶͻȻͣתĿͬĵࡣ
ʶĺһӦƬĵʲôףҵΪϱΪҪѣ㻹Լһˡ
ȻӲȴұֳȥԼ꣬¾Ȼɢһֱӵѹϣֻڸسϼ
ڨڨ䣬Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôҶ첻֮ȺԶ˱ܣóһͨ
ҲڿߵòһʱĿڵĴʯڷ£ΪԷʲôأû뵽СװŪ
Ҷ죬ǰɣҵĵĶأȷѣ߱ȫǣνİӰӡ
ҶǺһЦÿɷƺǰַԹ˵ʲôƲֵܶжòôҵһơ
϶ֻǵЦţֱԹ˷Ž龭渵
˿ΧΧĺ֮ʣȺ˴ӵ롰ɽϡĹ죬Ǻá
ӣǰʮֵܵɿôǿ벻̡һආҶ˵̸Цǰ
ԿЦһٺǰ׽ðŮӵģû뵽ڴ˵ȴƾɱһˡ˶໹ռЩˣΧ֮ǸСҲͬʱŭ˶ԷĴ󺺣Ѵսȥٶ
ô˿̣ΧʵΪ߲ѵľºò׳ָݣû뵽ǶԷˡ
ʱ϶ѾĴ¹̽ꡣԭµؼҴɰʼһԿţ˻ϣȥѰҶ죬ȴײ±׷ɱֻ˱ߣһΪǲУʹ֪û˼Ⱥ˷ʱ䣬ѰԼĵء
ȽǣҷҪȥǸЬ̷ѵһº޺˵ͷС֮ΪԼָ·ʱ֮ı


349 ǧӣ
ȵĲͣΪؼҶӣȻȺⲻŲʣĸֵذ
һŭͷɱּҪѿڶתۼ뵽ǸɷĺӴֵ߳İڻ棬ͷʱ˰ء
˵ʲô¶ͱ¨ӽԼ˵Բĵؽ˭ҲؼӣƫƫȺǽ첻Ӧеصزˡ

ʱǸŮͻȻڣͬʱ֡
¾ô˵ȥ൱ʱˣ˻Ҹоһ˿ȥˡ
ҲΪֻǲмĿһۣȥ磬ٸΣҷȡĹͷɡ
һؼȺһ룬Ƭְ֮ΪආһҪĲ£ӽ϶ǵˣװû;
ͷֱٶΧˣ˶ٶˣȻ˼Һˣ¶ҪǴȥԺô졣
ңϵǱƢ֪˻ûԼһƤ
ôӶ߰һݡ
Ⱥһɧʹĺֶ̫Ѿö˵ǺúһڹڻҷĿγ̡
һҹɱֱɷ񰡣
ѵľأԶͻȻ¡¡˾Բнӽǧ֮ࡣ
ľϵʯ
˵ɫһ̷仯һϲܹһԳôֻһǾؼҡ
һආһĵŲǰһյСӣҲ֪ųѷɵɰС
ģȥ֮͡˼鼱֮Ԯһøһɶû뵽˼飬СֵΡ
ǰԮһӾʹǧ˶ˣǺǣ⻹ôǿøš
ͦأС˵־ĿͶԷˣɨһȦǸɽϡĹͶûŹ
ҶЦ֮ӣ˼ɵվˣȥɡ
Է˵̬ȴû־ʧ롣ͷβʹĴ󺺺Ǹ˵С֮⣬˶һЦûǧ˴ӷ
ûɵĿһ£Ǹɽϵ굹еĽͣô˼ҲǼΣҲŮҲһ絭ģⲻԾ
ٿ󺺺ǸС˵жҪһ޿̵ģƺ˵Ļҽˡ
౻ţʶ˺һ
Զ̤̤ԽӽѾ˺÷Χ
ˣЦʡ
е£ͷһɲƵŭһСƤƾʲôôţ浱ؼǳصˣ
ϻҲ˵ʶ࣬ھѹӣҵֵһ飬¾ˣҴĿɾͲֻʮֵˡͷһȣۻ֮ѿڶ
سֹжӣɰ࣬λɶĽɫ˵ɫǿǣֻԱһ
˵ҹԻҲܴɱ䡣
ҷƨӿ˵ٸ࣬СҸͷ̤ǰһڻ͵ضܳ߶ߡ
ȺӶԷˣԲֻ˵˵ɱˡ
һװ򶨣˵ųʲôģȺбĵЦţ͵ȴúóһڶ
̤̤̤̤
Խ죬ڰʱЪֹ
絽ˣ
ɫϲְǿ˻Լǰĵǵڵˣ
Ƭ̺󣬷Ѿĺ԰дӵ˭ܸܵɱ֮ǿңǧѸٽƬ԰СΧסһֻӬҲɳȥ
磡
˷ܵĸߺһȻûɰӰ
н»ӵĻ£ɰֳȻ
Ҷͷţǧ˴˿벻ķۣΨֵӡ
磡첽ӭȥҪӹΪȷ磬û뵽ȴ˵˻ȥ
ܣ˭۸ˣߴ硣ɰһλȣ˵ʱ˵ġ
ǡָҶˣȴ˵ĸİô
ɰ৵һȣŰĿͷ£Ҷƽʱ
ʵԷ˭ĺܣҲ費ؼѹ׵Ҷɽϵس˵ӱԼ۸ˣúǸСƤһĸ顣
ԭǡҶһʼ;죬ϸ֮󣬲سֵͰӰô
ҶӣǺǣּˡɰЦҶ죬ȻϴβûгҶϯ֮ϣȴҶһ֮Եʱɰ̬ĵĲޣû뵽ڴúɱһɱԼһȴѾΪƺ״ӵ硣
Ӱû뵽λҶûɰһӵĿһۣƤˡ
ؼ˶һҲ̫ˡͰӰǻ֣̿´ɶ˳Ҷʲô˽
ͰӰȻ߻ӦҶ죬ҶҲ⣬ٴβŰĿƵɰϣЦʣ¶ûлػˣ
ɰʮֵ⣬ĵԷˣ¶ˣɽϵôؼҵﻹǵ÷
УôûأҶӶˣȻҪӡɰЦֹͻȻһתָµֻҪǧֵܵһ¾ȥˡ
ɰ䣬ؼҺѹѹȺ˲伫ΪϵıЦһʱԻﲻڶ˳Ű϶˽ȥ
ģ
ȭһգ˱ɢЦһһһƬĻ˲令סɰܡ
ײ쳹ּ䣬÷ɢȥ
ףȴֻ֪ǶԳԶѡ
ҶĻĶļٴЦɰ˵ҵ˼ֻȷһ˼ѣؼһдķҲԸϾɱ
мֱǧ
ؼʱһһǧһٺһһͿĨҲһСˣСţ˴Բѡ
Ļȴؼ𾪡ֻҶңָȥسһʡ֮Ҫȥ
ѣնݳ
ͽȻһƽ⣬ǿ˲ҶɢĿƺΪ֮һ͡
ɰʶ˺仰㻻س˵Ҳδ˾˿ǰԼһ˵һ˲òŵС
һǧ˶ˣûսɰסҪһЩ
衭
֣
ɰδ˵꣬ҶһȽ֮ϣӰӶȻ֮С
ǧ˺޾ɫȻˮ
ʹɰ˲ѵǴ˵еǧӣ


350 ͨ
˭Ҳû뵽Ҷ˱꣬ǧ˾ػءȻжֵ˼ʵҲڴǽһǧǺҲܺľ
¸ڵҲ˵Ҷ˵־ͶֵĺɣôҲ
֮ڣ϶;ƺҪѵĶࡣ˿϶Ѿ߶⽣𴦣Ҷɱ󡣾ƺǲ֪˶ŭͷԻأҲһǰɱ
ɰ㵵Էίʵ̫ǿѵһǧﶼ綹һ㡭
ôҶһڣתΣֱɰ
ɱЩආ¾ȻĻᣬȻɴ
ְƣ財ӡӡ֮
ӰųسұۣǿɲǴţģЩżûپȷѪ꣬ҶȻƱˣ˫ǣһնʮ˶ʮˣһɱǧô
Բܣɱ˲ɱҲˡ
οӰ֮ɰôҲǸʦ綨ռôƣôױˡ
֮ǵסҶ죬Сӵʵӽɰƺ߾Իںм֮±Ϊ촷ۡ
뵽ŭһͻȻһ֣Ϊ㣬ͬϼ˲ȫ
˿ؼҲѾҶ촳Уûκηѧ֣ⲻɱĴʱô
ߴֵ˺ѿĺХҶ쿴ĸ֪ԺдޱȵķΧʮɣɰӰˣ˵ʵԵʦ
̤죬˫֮ľϾܽټؼආΧԺǸҶ۽ɰٲ֮ǰҶǰ
˫ۣαһʵ֣ǿšɵ磬ЦЦĶҶ죬ƺ˵ƾ籩ֻ꣬ܿȻ
ֵն£˿ǳֵආĶҲг¶ǸСȴΪ¶෴ģΪ˿Ҷֻɰľٶ¶ֱ̫ν
¶ֻʿʵԼлһնҶͷ­
֮ǰӿ˵׽Էκһ˶лƽģҲǴһֱߪŻͳ졭
ǿŻͳ찡ϲ糤ִ£ʵյȨȴȺͷܱȵģ˸λҪҳ¶ˣ
飡
¶ֻоһ漴ʹֱ֮ͷиֱֵ䡣
һֵͨƽʱɱ޸֮зĺݣոڻҶûİͼ֮󣬾Ȼпڶ֮ҲǳѺۡ
¶һ˷Ϊɽϡǡѧշ磬ҷ֮ߣѹ˼Ҹǧкֱײ֮
ʵ߳¶ûм֮վŵӱһλǹȰһλмسֵֶθĪ⣬ֻ¶һŻûǡ
ǣЩȴ޷ᲢۣͰӰʮˣسָѴﻨ׸䣬˵һС
˿̻ɰǰĺЦ˲佩ֹڤʮطҶ쿴ȥʮ߰꣬һַѧȻշ磬ɽϵȻͬ졣
¶֮УͬʱҲ졣ڴ֮ǰһආΪҪ¶ߣڼһĻ֮еĸֵȴ˿С
Ҷ첢ûлɱǣһ˫Ž۽ĻеĺһȻҪ
ȻҶ첢ʴȣԴʱ͵ԼһҶĺܣͬʱҲЩ¸϶Ȼ׵

ֱ۴ϸĹһⱦĽд߷Ⱥоͬݿ࣬Ժɨ֮һƬѪ
϶Ѫڣಫ˿̶ֻ˲䣬Ȼʮ˱ڽ¡
϶ò֮˿£ֻͬˡڴ֮ǰɰ޳ܵŻ׽϶֮ĳɿһĻΩྪ
˿϶˫˸ź˵ĺ⣬һĨȻš
ɰĻһһĵ״顣
ŰСϰ֮֫ɡѪֱ˼
ܿģ϶һƬյأòŶ֣ǺĿɨ֮ˣʶ·ԵĸͲһŮӣһڤĿɱŮ
¶סˣŴ͡Цݲ޺϶Ȼɱһ档
ɱɱɱ
ΨоƺĻ˫ƣ·𱻺ɱ˫ۡ
ȥסƺȥҶ죡
Ͼ߳ж֮ǰҲѴٻ˶׷ݵľȺѾջ˼·Ըһ֮ȥ
һصĴ˿ƺ˶ǿԼѵͷֻƽʱģһؼʱ̣ԼȻչ˵СŮӲɣ
뵽µͷӿһɺһݳĵȥ־ƺҲҳ򲻵Ǻζ
ԣҲƬ֮һЦº𣬸ոǾ仰Žüš
תͷƺȥֻ˿СʮΧڵУλεֱۣȻദҲʣƾҶĻ屦ףƶ༯ֱ֮֫ϣƤд󰭡˾ƺķ辢һ˫С£ӲǰѾʹøģ
СӣˡЦһУȴȫȻûע⵽ƺ۵׾ȻһĨѪ졣
ҹոɱˣھϡԳ֮ҲĴʱ޷ȫָԸȺආûʲôѶȣһɻƮɢ
ƺ˻ߵĺţȫȻںȻѪֱۡ෴ģѪҺζƺ̼񾭣ﴦһӿȵڴ
תҶϣ˿Ҷ᲻ɴݵķѧǰ·ආȻԱÿһׯΨһ谭Ǻųسұ۵
Ҷ϶ͻһŮĺȴ˿ѷҶ졣ѣ֣նݳ
һѪԭ̵ĲݵֻݵļϢѪ졣
ѪУһѵˮĳ

Ҷ챩һн˵ƶǿʢ˿ֵ̾߳ڤѾɾ롣
ʶӰԽԽĽŲѾʼŲ
ͻȻһͷӿԺ͵ʱҲ˰ɣ
ԣԶѷڴˡ
ס
ɰɱĺУǽŶԼĲκͶҶǿҵĿ־壬ʹúһڸҧ顣
ģƴˣ


351 
˫Ȼ̽ϵɳʯ˲䱻УźһҶ켤ȥ
ɳʯ˿ѾͨɳʯЮ˺ǿԪ֮ѾΪԵİÿһŶԶÿһǶʯ
ζֱ꣬ǰ
ȫתһ̺˼˿ҶĨмЦиӰԵչֳ
ֻ΢΢˫Ŀͬĵ棬ֱӴ˺ࡣ
飡
һ촫ɳʯͻȻҶǰİͼϻΪ촷ۡ
󣬸ܼͬ㴫žžİͼȻֻ˼£ҶӰҲ
ģ֣Ӱңô˼϶ɣ˿Ҳ˲ƣֻܺϰӰͬС
֮ǰӰһֱԱ߹ۿϱ粻ӣ˭ô£֮˲·磬Ϊ԰жѡҶٶȿʽݣգ֮乥նɱ֮ڣҪʽѾˣԲŻ״
ȻֻǰӰһԸ뷨ΪǱҶһֲûȴ뵽ҶҲֻʵѡ
Ӱˣӽ֮ģĻӰӣȻȡ
ȳһȴ˻ȥս֮ʱرֻսκεĿע⡣ԷֵѹŲ˵ĺôӰ׷ĿɲΧκԣ׷һɱ
ѾԴ˿ɲܲ˺󳾡ҪҶȫʱѣƾĹ죬ֱӽҶذ֮¡
ǵЦ𣬰ӰذȻСһѱɫľСذ˿̱Ӱţֻ磬ɸҶĺܡ

ؼԲǿû֮һͷʵԶԶڶ̫ࡣ⿴ȥǼ£ⲻ֪ΪˣؼһڰֵĿɱ档
ƽȺҷƾ·ŵǸֱɺаԵССĻѣȴڶҵĳִ¶Ű衣ʲôľؼڴ˵
⣬Ⱥͭķˡ
£ܣȻû˸滹
϶촩һ׵ɫĳȹվŵһϮµ£λŮӴ˿Ⱥ֮УһӰ̽һⳤӳʣһආֹǰ

½߳һ䣬Ǳɽʣһɺ˲
һڻսսҲҲǡ
ɰӻºϼ׷ܱסԴǧ˶ˣҪԺ߳Ű벽
ǣΣԹǿӢ۵Ļɫһ˺³촦Ѫ岽ġ
ɽŮٶȺǳ⣬ƺҪĥɾ
϶۽ɨ£̾һĵ½ȻޱȣֳϻǺݲⲻ֪Դ˵ʴȡ֮
˿سֲڣɰ쵼Ԧһǧӻؼس٣ֶκ;飬ܹ̻ȫ֡
ţ϶Ҳ˲侲µˡֻ΢У΢΢ⷭ
˿ҲȺ֮У˵˵ҲؼҶӣ治٣Ҳ϶ϸ΢ľٶĵãҪˣ
Ųĺˣͼ϶֮ǰȺ͵͵ӳ졣
˵Ҳ֣ȺආıûУͷıµúܡֻȻ˺㱻֣ȺʱɧͬˮƵ̰ӣ˲䲻ʰ
Ӱ
ȺеĳͻȻһ󺿣˶һȥжףֵأƽҫļһ´˿̾·ٶȵ׸
಻˼ĿǰһУߡôƽʱǸ֮𣬴򲻹԰ôѵÿʮٺ»ΪһĻ
ĸүվסͷӿһŭ˵˺ѿƣڱĻնϡ
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ٺͣҲվѾΪͳ綨ؼĶְɡ
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϶мЦļҲͺƭƭȺ֪ආҪƭԶء
ӿսڣ϶ȥĺ·ʵȴʼնһһ֮ǰĴ⣬ɹǧ˵ľԮһʯͷϰε鲻϶ϳ֡Ҳû϶Ƥӵ·ųų档
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ݵԥ󣬼еආѡ˹£ϾŮ䣬ƺûô
౻ľֵģ竵˷ȻҲ϶Ķ֡
ֻһһֱѾڶ㶼ϡ
֯ͷѾʪɾʱȴͻȻһϤݡ



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϶һѵسˣʲôʱ򵽵ģϢǺʱݳȥġ
ʶĻͷһ紵ЩװĻسְӰ
⽣ٻת϶ĵһӦԼɼͷʱȴһĿϲԼĳ
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϶Ľߵĺһնɱڷس֡Ȼ߾Ų㲢ڴˣһֱϾк
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ڻʱ䣬϶ȴûпسֵӰ˺ѿ죬Ҳֻһͨĸֵѡ
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ͻǴ£ͰӰһɰԣصĿȴɨˣգҲգĶһİɫ
ΪһԲŸ


353 Ƶת
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ҶǰɣģͻƵĴ󹦳֮Сӱӻúϧġ
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֮ǰնˣĴ־ղŵĿսѾؼһһҲһơ
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ЯźХնȥȻУ˺һ޴Ŀӡ

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˿עӳУ״üһȻûᣬҲó֮У̾ͻгƬƬֵܱճɻҽ
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СҲŪ
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˿̵ĺƺѾŭ˶Ľÿһõһ˫Ѫ˫ĿгѪĹâͬаצ˸˵ĺ⡣
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Σӣ϶ͷĵһ뷨׹ѡ
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Ŵ˵Ҷղֱ۾ȻԲ˼ĽǶȷתУ⵽ʲôѧ
ҶһƲ˰Ӱ֮ٶٿֻ֣һգָۣѾĿɰ֮ϡ
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ңҡ
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ˡҡҡǡͣ֡
˵⻰ʱҶڻܵսҶɨϣɰĿǰɱ֡


355 ɺ
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ľĵɰû˺¹ΪؼҴӵѧ·һ̱ϵس֮⣬νһ֮֮ϣɱ˵
죬ȴУֻҪһ̾ͻ졣
һĻĻͷ˶ʮ꣬ûһǧҲа˰٣ٵŮӸʤѵҪ𷣣˵еҵĴڡ

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ֻҶ³Ỻͬ
ɰڶȴֻԺԵһ죬ҡ
ǿҵһ˿֪ͽȴ̲סĶҶĽͣѻȻԿҲؼҳԿҰɣҵǱһ˵ͣΪѣϷл񣬶ҵܵѾƹҰɡ
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ҶͻȻЦˣЦ֮Ŀüޱȣһһٵ˵ۣ֮㣬Ҳˡ
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뵽ɰȻèֻһһǿ߶˱ӻĹӸɡ
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Ӱ֪ʱѾȶΣұ۲ݣŴ˴һ̼ĺš
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ȻӰҲ֪ɱҶһЩտӲ𷣣س֮û¶棬ǿǶͺεְ
˶ϻһѽսһ
Ҷ屻һ㵭Ľţ֮һɫӰӡ
ӰҲƮӰĳѧӰ͹ѧָ֮ĲΪıǮ
ҶʹԾ֮ǰƵʹõİƣӰȴжذó˿Ҿָ
Թһˡ
ƺ;ָȻײ˿֮Զ
Ҷ쵥ϵأڵһǳǳĺӡɫ糣ȻδȫӰڿмתվƮ֮ͬʱָݡ
֮ǰͱҶ۵ұۻδָָܴˣӰ治ɫȴ־
̶Ķ̱ӣʵȻ¶šңСӲû㾡ȫƺµʵڳ֮ǰְԵ˼֡
ѵڳڵʱ򡭡
һͷĵȻѿӰȥ
鲻ȥ㲻ᷢġ뷨ûҶڱڳڵǶʱ䣬ȷȷһͻƣ
׼ȷ˵ͻƣ
ҶѾĶʦ˺ܳʱ䣬´жȡ鵤һ̣ԼͻƾҪ٣û뵽ڽ죬ɰʩչһ˲䡣
ö鵤Ȼǵͻ鵤ֻǶ˵ɶԪκεҩһãο˳鵤ҩˡ
ԣһö鵤ֱӽҶʵĶʦڱԵڼϽһ⣬һٴӺڱԵͻƵʦ
һ֮£ȻǳѪ֮Ľһ
ڴ֮ǰѪѾƵӻƸĺڿջĸһһУˮɵɺϡ
֮˵ɺϣΪҶΣͷɹ˫ͻƣΪͻ֮ǡø˳乥һɲ
һصѧЩ߱Ѫͬͻƣͻ֮ǰһ磬ѣ
ƾɰʵֵ߳ĳ޷ҶУǡһ̣Ҷڳ䣬һѣϮǰɰҶһĻ
ɰʵϾޣ㽫ҶҲ޷ҶͻƱԵ޷ɹƶֵһǣ£Ҷڲ׳ѪͻƵĻû׼ᱻڻ
һɺϣҪؼҵɺϣ
ɹѪͻƵʦ綨Ҷʵǣ֮ǰֱˡֻһƣ㽫ʦʵİӰƵǱ֮
Ҷݹ˫ɫ⣬˲ֱӡ֮ϣһ㵭תΧƣɫսס
Ӱǳ˳飬Ҫ˵ȴ֪˵ʲôΪãҪߣȴּɵسֵ׷
ǣʲôءԼȻҶĶ֣ͺ֣Ҳδܹʤ֮
ʱ䵹תҶ֮ǰ
ƴȫ֮ƸӰԽͼһʱǧĽӰҽаڶƸط״ѧ֮£һؼһֱҰݰ㱻ն䣬϶֮һʱ䳡龰˼
ֻǼϢ֮䣬˰ؼһȻĲ֮ޣ
϶ͺĴսȴϢ֮С⽣ɢĺӳԲʮɣ˸޷Ρ
ŭǵصĲҽڱΣǴ׳ȴĸ첲ϣһĿĵѪۺȻƤ
Ȼ˵˺϶ɫЩ԰ףǿжþı֮ķɿֻ֪Ҳֻı˱˺һɲûһɱѾ˵ⳡսĽ֡
ҲΡ
Ҷ죬Ըܾȳ˪
ǿķ϶֮УԺ죬Χƺת

⽣ڵأϵʯ졣
𡭡
Ѿ׼֮ĺһХƵЦ󲽣϶
飡
ԶͻȻһ죬ʶŤͷȥ
һ֮£˲ʱԭأΪֻðӰǰһ屻ըķѿ
ɽѪ˺űߣһϵ⡭
ͷɺã
껺űȻš


356 ؼҲҰ
Ӱֲһǧֵһҹʣˣ־޴ڳľеѹϣ˲ںһ˼ϡ
ܹô
Ҷ컺ź͸ߴһɵĴͷ˿̾Ȼ㤵˺һ
ղŵĲһɢӰ꣬ʵһҶƶغڱ佫֮˵һС
Ѫ˫ͻȻƳ˻Եص϶һ˿Ĺâ֮
Ҷ콫һϸڿͫ΢㣬αͬ˳ȥ
֪ʧʧĵȻ̽צץ϶վһ
֮ʮɣ֪УӰҲ޷һϢ֮û뵽ҶСӵѧ边Ȼ֮ߡ
ƺ˺ͬȰĴУȻצ϶Ƕ˵档
ЮʲɣѸٳˣѪ辭֮ǿܶȣ֮£ٶȴȼŲնҶȻ
໺𣡡
˻ǷŭǾ֡
˸Ƚ⣬ּӰУȻҫ
ŵŵŵֱ۴ϸС˶ֱѹѹϣβĶϲصʬƽֱ
˺岽֮վղػֻ˫۽滤סšҽ˫ϴʹûз
԰ҶҲˣʢȴκβӵĽƱࡣ
뷨ոȴͻȻƳҶǸһ˿ЦЦмϷŰúûɵͷһ
ţͻȻоһ·ľֻգۣͬһλãһΪţεڵ߷Χ֮ڡ
ã
ԾһϾս̱ʶԡҶղһֻնŵɱﵡ
ʲôʱ򶯵֣
ʯ䣬ҲϸЩʣ̽ڵﾢֲĵطֵ֮á
ʱţΧµѾԾͣƸӰԽͼ𺧣Ȼ˭óɽŮӼս֮ûԸӭâϾһٵ˭Ҳұ֤ɱС
н˶Ļͷϸܺ飬ʼڵǾŵѣɵȥȴ
ȫһһʮʹ飬Ҫ߶ȼеעҪʱʱ̿ſضѹָС
ܿ죬ýǾŵͬһϵը񾭱üȲ
ھͼľǰ𣬿Ǿŵ֪ΪΣȻͬٹ̵Ĵһ㣬ζ꣬ԿȻ
Ļˣţ¾ȻƣͺȡᣬȫƾҶһ֮䡣
ڣܹεֻԼĽܹ֮ǾŵըʱѹƣǶԷӵһƱеӰʵƺڸ֣Լ뷨ʵô
ںͷļٵʱ򣬶Ҷȴķ˻Ե϶Ŷȥ
ʮΧŶͼŻԻҶ죬ȴͬɢӣֻգۼó˺ôһյء
Ҷ첻ɱ˲գ۵ħԲûдΪǣֻǽ϶ߣ˼䣬ٶȴݲȵİһ
·ȫһ£Ҷĵ˲ɢֵһأԵؼһȺ˿̾ͬè󣬾ʧ룬һƬҡ
ҶƺΧĵط˿̾ƺɱĹ񫣬Ȼ֫ûѾѪģΧʮҲѾ޼ֻʣ²ʮ˻ڴ͵ͬеĽĵֿ
ԶߵؼһûзǱߵֱҶ˹ǲž㵵ĵ˫ۣš
Ҷ쵱ȻҲΪǣɾ׼ʮ˵ʱ򣬾ƺȴͻȻ˳ѾеĸֵȻ򸽽һˣ˵㱻նΪΡ
ɱĲҽ˴Ӽ䣬ĥĿԼնһĻ֮󷽲ȥ
ԵľƺŴѪɱļȴ˽Ѫ˷ܡ
Ҷ쾪ɵĿ˾ƺһۣþƺҲҶͶĿ⡣ĿԣҶ첻ĴһƽʱƤСƨľƺ˫о˸Ѫ׹⡣
ͬԵڤĶħͬԭʼʳΪޡ
ƺҶỽһ䣬ͼлѡ
ƺΪĿȴҶϻƿٶȶѾɪɪЩؼһ
ҡ
һҹȥδ˵꣬ԶȴͻȻѾסеѹȸУü̬Ҷ˹
ͬһʱ̣ƺô˼϶ӵǰٶ׷ɱĿȥˡ
ҶȫڵĺžƺӵıӰüͷšһ֡
ôˡ
𰾣
񱼶ÿһŶøĵطΧù㣬޴צ˺Ƭ
Լ֣ѾӽıԵµؼһѾɢȥʼ͵͵⳷ߣͬ˳㲻ʱɢ˸ɾ
µҶֻȺӻؼңȻ֪ǻȥĽس֣϶ԡ¶ǿ֮ĩԼҪҲǷˡ
ңһ·ħٵľƺ
˼֮ʣȻ嵽ǰ޴צ£ķڶߺХ
һצ£ǾҲҪĳ
ҶȻҴ⣬ȫָܹ׵ĻΪķأںߵĽȴԲд
㣬ٶ֮¾ҪࡣҶƮȻɶ㿪̤ʹĲ㹦ѡ
һУצһʯ֮ϣȻ죬ʯм±ɡ
˫һţ˶αһԾͼһҶ졣
Ҷڶλᣬղ֮Ҫȫƺעѣö㣬ȫٶȵƽз
֮ǿ֧֣һԾԾһɶߡһž޴ĺӰͬƱհ㽫ҶС
Ѫһ˿⣬СӾȻû㣬Сӵġơˡ
ơΪľҲǷ֮нѧѪ辭һ֮£Բʮɿ¶Ҫ췭ظҶȻʵڣоûк³
뵽ѪЦˡ
ǣЦȴϽֹΪӰͻȻһƬâһתݵİԼٷŴԽԽԽԽ󡭡
֪²ãؼʱ̵Ҳǰδеһȫ֮עǰֻƬ̣һĻ
ֵҶЦˣֻ΢³һ


357 
ƣ
ԽҶ³ڿеĺȴ޷壬߷죬·â˸
һֲӰս֣ҪĻǾɻĻΪǸѾתСİͼʮְԵ
ţĴ߶ȫ
飡
ͻȻоһʹһòǧһ֮ʵľɢ˵ǻĻ徢û°֡
ӿͷΪâѾʹ۾
ڿʶЩʪ𤣬ȻǾŵըƤ⡣
˲ּںޣø֪Ǿŵ޷Խǿʵ˺ԼȴڶҶäĿ־˷ִ磬ؼʱ̣һҶƮѩѹ֦
ߺá
ҶȻƴɵİԱӡƳǿټ϶Ƶ˺ԲΪնİӡԱ⣬һɣ
䣡
ըУѪԲ֮ڣȻͬһѪꡣ
û϶ưԱӡһ˺úΪ촷ۡ
ҶˣѪ֮ǰƮȻԶȥеıѾЪֹƺҲѾնɱһؼһСһƬš
һǧĴսĻؼҲҰܸա
ĿĹˣϺ˵ųƬƬʬ壬Լ㣬֮ࡣѪĵҰȾ죬ƮŨҵѪϢԭݵĻ԰С֣˿̾
ҶͻȻʲôתͷƺȥƺܵҶ춢Ŀ⣬תͷ֮ӡ
ƺؿţҵɱҲѪϴƺǿܣһ˫ԭڵӣ˿̾Ѫĺ⡣
üͷ壬֮ǰļٶȸ֣Ҷ켸ʶĺһΪ£ΪǰľƺȻоİ
˶ԣƺеѪɫʼȥƬ֮ڻָյģ
ôҸɶ
ƺҶ춢÷ëͷԼһ
Ҷû˵üͷȴɰ֡
Ӯˣ
ȷԼʲô֮󣬾ƺֽܵһڼضؼһʬͼȻ֮󣬾㵵ʵ
˵ͷҶ첻ٿҲûѯʾƺղŵΪɱĴ𣬽С
ƺһԻֿ̧˿ŵѾеĸֵֶҶµȥ
½㣬϶ôˡҶʵǲûбֳ
֮ǰѾ϶˻ûУ֮ԻԸǺȣ˵ûʲô󰭣ò˶ñ֮ǳ
Ҷ˵ͷʵ֪϶Ϊλԣ侲²µҲûֻ²϶ȵԭˡ
̾˿Ҷ϶˵߰ɣһسֿ¾ͻˡ
ԣ¶ɫسֿɲɰܱ֮ȣˣͼ󣬹ƶýüͷΨлָľƺ˸߲ңָһʬسֶƨ
˭šЦһתͬҶһˡ
ƺƬ̣ϣ첽뿪÷档

ؼңۡ
سվǰŪеĽ˿ȸЦ·µ嶼չ˲֪ء
ҹ֪˴ɰһƺڳŮӵ裬ɲС£ؼز̺аԵѾǴɱɱˣ۵һɵʧ¾Ͳˡ
ԣƺڵӻ˭ˣؼҵ棬Ǿͱ븶ۡ
ĶһǱǧ˴ΧƺڵӵһĻ
ɰĶȻᣬΪףӰͬʱǧ˵ľǿݣȻһʧ
ȻǵҶϾЩһ֮ԵسֲûԳ棬ΣʮʮСޣѵԼĵطʲô˲ɡ
οһ򲽽¶ƺھҲúͰӰ
ǲ¶ģƺǼͽ϶Ӳ촦Ľ֣ʱʾ죬Ȼ֮һ棬һ޶֤ܼؼҵΪӳһڶһá
ؼƺӶɱǺǣ⻰ͷȥ˭ҺؼԡʱֻСط㵽ľҲؼҵһϯ֮ء
뵽˴سЦĸˡ
ƺ״ӵҲ鴫һϵʱˣ龹Ȼûסس˿ûио쳣ʵ˭˵Ҳ˵ʲô쳣ʱȻ˵㣬׾УϾ¶ĥ
֮سֹЦû뵽ؼңһ֮֡

ͻȻ˼ٵ·ڴſھͺ
سֲͷĶ˶½ѾȺ˵ٴˣĻŻţƼΪؼҵ̲ء
ŲĻתڣ֮ɫصĵŻجģӺͶӡ
ԵĿسج֮ϵı仯ɱڣֱ˶ɡ
˵
سִһǲҶܹлɰȴҲЩʼҡ
ŵһæ˵
س־ţȴʧԽ¶һ˫ȭ߬ͬʯڸҧĿĿ졣
ʱسѾʼΪȴǰӰ֮ɰӰǧ˻ʣģԲܣѵƺԮ֣һжıڶؼҶ֣
κسӲмһ仰أʬҪͷ֮ޣ
һҶ˵ûüأ۲ŴӦܹµû뵽ǣؼҾȻΪҶ
þòسַŭɻ˹ȥ
ɱû̱ͨһڵأȻû˵˼ȴԲˡ
ȫˡسֵǶʼ
ССˡֻ֧֧ųͷ
һǧ˶ȫˣس̤ǰһͬħ
ڳױ޺źԼֻһŵˣԼơ
ȥɡسִһӣŹûвμΧ˵ĴŻ
ɴ⣬˵ͷƢ˽⣬ͷϲɱˣţ
ȵȣÿӢ䳡ϣҪǣ
سյףҪɱϳͲˡ
ߺسͻȻЦЦ˺һЪֹȻţŲ֪ԶݺݵصؼңҪ۵ģ
Ŀ⾡ͷһΡɽȻͦ


358 ҹĻ
ؼҶȴһ֮СسֻԶлƸѰԾǧѷĻҶҲһʱνǰ׷ж½أм仹һľ
϶֪ҶΪ˱Ǵ˪ǼҪ²ԣֻ˵Σղ˾飬ȴһ֡
˿˲ɽеһưСУѹڻ˸
䵱ľŰ崰Ļзž죬Сﴫƺ
ĲԲĬڿŻѷɨһ۾ƺ˵СûûΡ
һʱЩѹ֣ܱ档
ɽ
Ҷ˳ţЩȴֲɡ
˸ͶĿ⣬һȫġ֮ɫǵ˵ͷ϶Уȴ˼ֲʰۡ
ɰᵽֵزҲҶѾɹնɱоȳˣȴΪҵİΣòλɽ
϶ţΪҶ죬Щ
µƺãͲ֪Ҷ˴֮ΪȻҲôෳΡһսֱڻζδء
µ飬ҶοЦһ̻ɽ
϶̾˿Ҳûܶ˵ʲôҶҶ뷨ѴϷ˼⡣
ѶҸط˯ˡڸղŵУ˭Ҳܿյ΢仯º϶֮ƺЩԣǵľƺͰ¼ݣЩûзظܿģ;ƺһ߿
²֮˿ȴЩռŷͷİϲϾ϶УҶѡԼߡ
һɢҰݣӦǹ·ҹ޶µģ߹ȥ¶ԣϾĹ࣬Ҳ硣
󣬵ҲС˴´ࡣ˿̿յֻʣҶ϶˻δЪϢŻžȼЩ΢
ϢɣҲۻˣ컹Ҫ·ҶỺ͸һ˿ذ
϶ҡҡͷ˴ʱǵ˴˴֮󷽲תѣȻȻƣ֮ȴ޷˯ΪܹĸܵҶеΡ
ʲôȥɣԼ϶Ҷ죬ο
ҶҡҡͷӪ˪ļƻƻҲνɡⲻΥԼҲôΪðա
϶ƺҶ룬£ޣһ·㡣
ͷһ˿Ҷ쾹Ȼһֽӵסǰ˶г嶯ôƽ⣬飬ӡ
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˯ɡ
˵գҶӱǲݶȡɲݣȻڻ˾׵֪϶ںδʾŻҲһЩ
϶ҧ촽Ҳûڶ˵ʲôҶѶ˭Ҳ޷ġңΪ˴ҡ
ڻԵġݴϣ϶ܵҸҶ˵϶ȴ֪ڿԼȼŸɲݡ
洫żɽ磬޹⣬ּв֪Ұ޳
ɽСԺΪ顣϶һֱ˿ɽоҲмζ

ԴϴҶ쵽ؼңȻسֶأʵȴѰԵ̷һܹƺеӳϹϵˣؼǾסġ
ԡְλŻͳ조Ϊһ֮һһ֮
ﵱȻԴ˸оκαŤؼڲͲΪ˵λȨ徻̹
˿̣ȴüͷΪʲô硣
ϣʲôءһʮСͯõıݴˮĴۣʵ
ţһЦҡҡͷ
СͯСǷԵɰµҰ֣֪ķ־ȻؼУ˾λ϶ûУڷԸ·Ѿǡ御
Сͯиݣ⾪õִ£»ˣҲЩΡȻҲɰĲ
ټľá
ԭǻͳ죬һܴ°ɣСͯʣкøУΪĵԼһִµͷ֡
¡Ŀ͸鿴˳ȥǿ£ңԶĶƺһķ
Ҹ𣬼񱻶˿ƣԼγΪһöӡһĲſ̳֪ԼģǷСеĴ¡
Ȳ衣СǺɫģ֪£Ϊ˽ȻʧأǷϲˮ
ŵĲƮǶˣ⽫ʱڣ־õ˼ĥãӲԼʱ˷νı֮ϡ
Сʮһ˰ɣʵͬʱʾСԼԱߵλ
С˵ͷԻóλǰ۸ڶҲûô˼ɣҲ˾롣
벻ѧѧأʡ
ԣС˫۷Ź⣬æĵͷ
ңѧѧ֮Ҫʲô
ɱˣСشն֪ĿеĻǺζ塣
ǺǣˡﾹЩԶԡ
һ²֪ܲʡС˵⻰ʱûĸоգ۾һ֮̽⡣
˵ͷûϡ
СԥƬ̣ƺڿǴӺ˵
ϴĴ˭СʰտܾЩʧԣֲһ䣺оصӡ
ȻشֻЦЦ˵һѶѡСһôˡ
ղҿһ۽ϼۡˣǾǸѣԾˡС״
ﱻߪΪ֮ҹһΣСǴεĲˮΪСֻһ۵СƨҲδܻ䡣û뵽СӼ֮ãһ۱㽫Ժ
ȥس֡
ڵվɫ˲·ٴС
һΣҪԼؼһǰ÷棬ܲɣʱѾʵȨõľСͯҲˣС˸Ļᡣ
ţ̽ѾȨ䣬ûȻ뿪
ֻƣһΪҪԼǰ÷棬ķѾãû̡
ݵı仯ϢԴҲžޱ䣬ԭ絽ڵãϢֱ
ɰӰɱؼִ¶š


359 ҹ̽
ĿһӱС˺һЩ¡
ʱգĥѵѾܹԼĳƽˮһգ۵ʱ䶼Ҫ
ʲôʱ¶ʶԼʧ̬Ŀ⣬ʵ
͡Ͱʱ֮ǰСȻûƣظղȴͻȻ˸һ㡣
ԣ˼ʱʱܹܶ飬仰˵пѾسִĳԼ붼룬ԼݣһҶйأ
ѵ֮ǰҵȥԸҶô
ǲǡ˵ˡСʵȻؼңСײʮС
СͷºЦûУֻһЩ¶ѡ
СҲһˣϽȥϢɡ
СܴҲá֪ԼղŵĻϵһЩ£϶дҪԼǱܿΪϣȥǲʶʱˡ
ЩϢСͻȥˡСһ񣬱뿪
š
СߵſڵʱȴͻȻסһ˼ǣǰ
Сʶ̧Ͷ¹ӳ£ӢǷϣƺһ㵭Ĺԣ
ȴ֪ȴѺˡ
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Ǯңɴֱժ£ݵСС
ϣǡС֣ãûҲƾ׸ԼôǮƣһӣ֪涼ԼֻЩǮܹԼһӡ
šº͵ЦţůĴֹסСС֣޷ƴǡ
СͻȻԼϳȥɣٹֵߣŸովԼһˣ˶ܲһŵĵײ
Сȥɡûнʲô˸Сͷûתݣǿ첽ʧҹĻС
ȥķСį֮ãһȥԶٳˡ

ҹɫڻ׾ٵ뿪ؼҡԾΧǽһɲǣȴͻȻоЩ
Ȼȫʵ׾ٵıܿؼܵѲҹؼҵѲƺǰ԰֮УԵüΪɪ
ѵѾˡûмŲ˼Ƭ̣ٶȷԺǽؼҡ
ҹɫˮµ⻪Զ߻źصƣڻֶ
ؼ԰ڣõƻͨʱ䣬˿ȴһƬֻǵӼ¥дҲʱϨ
ͷһԼµӦûؼҵпѾ
ѾؼǱһ࣬ؼҹͬԹ԰ָλָƣһιŻͳ죬ԶŻӵصظ·
תڳŻӵԺ֮ǰ
һƬռĹԺؼŻһǧˣȫ۾ڴˡǳƬƬ᷿мټһƬյأΪŻƽϰڡ
һ·ϣͷԽɻؼҲͳŻפΪ֮أƽﶼʮһ岽һڣؽ쾹տյһֹĸо
ؼΪβͳΪÿһؼ֮ˣҪλ֮ϣ߲ͷ­Ѫ飬ǽȽ׵
Ȼ⻰ᡣ
첽һλȣ˴¥ǣѲ߸λ޷ԼڼѲڣû뵽Ҳ
ѵسֽڳ˸ɾֻΪ˶ԸҶһˣüͷ֮ޣⲻϺ
벻ͨ㲻룬һץסһʱɵ֪顣
ٶ˿ϵѾڱ¹⣬ڰϮһĪѹָгͷ
ʱѾ䳡ıԵشܣе᷿Ȼ޼޵͸
ˣŨҹķ⣬ͷһ
ȴûΪȻ෴ģȴüͷ֡
ΪڸոշķУŵһɸʬζ
һѹָ˲両ͷΧĺڰз·Ʈεųܡ
ѵؼҳˣ
ĵһӦҶǱؼҴɱ¾еǱʶΪعۿҶǱ֮µĺֶΡ
֨ѽ
ϸ΢תƿһ᷿ľš
ŨҵĸϢǺᡣ
΢΢ڿȥһ֮±ֻɼ᷿ڣȻʬ壡
ڵӦƬ̺ο᷿ľţһޣխ᷿ڱʬѻƮǶˣֱŻ
ʲôʱ¡
ڼؼÿһ򣬵֪سʲôһ˿һ޷
磬Ǻʱȥʱ˻ؼңʣЩǺʱ
ǿҵֱҶ콫һѡ
һУҲȻйأ
ͷԳֶݵĿհףҶзζԼһλѣ˪ߵͷʾ
Ϊ˪ܻ֮ڣȫҶն
ϾǾ˵Ƭָ֮侲Ŀɨ᷿ͷΨһŵ⣬ŲŲ˹ȥ
һ᷿᷿ΪѲ߻ӵڡ
˿᷿˸˵ĶԻ
ҿؼҪඡ
Ϲ˵Գ֣ܵǼСӣ
Ҳδصģ˼ҿɽϵ˵ǧ嶼ûռˣ˵ˡ
ûӶӣͰӰ˽ȥ
˵ǾϹģй򣬲Һ¼ҡ
ڳĬƬ̣ƺ˶ղ˵˵Ļ۷
ϴޣô˵ѾҺ¼ˣ
ȻŻɾͶ˰޳ɽһˡ
˺ЦĵϴëЦЦϴ޵ĽǲСһʱйϵ·ڶʼд޳ɽԼҹϵϽ¼ҲҪ
ﾲţɫȴԽǻ˵Ҷڣƺڽ˾Ȼ͵ؼҰʵҲ̫ˣ
ͬʱĸһ˿įһʱҲͻͽʵֱʦƽĶۣǰҶ컻Լܹ˾˵Ĵô
ԣܡ
įįֻѪжӦѡҶǿ˵ġ


360 ֶ
ܿ޹˼ҪķĿǰ
ӦĻֱӴȻлسĻѾȫԼЩĻΪ˰Լѡ
Ǵ°ɣһǷؼҰԼնɱ˯εС
뵽Ķͷһ˿亹Ȼ֪϶Ҫû뵽һﾹȻܹ˵س֣ԼҲ´ݾ߶Ϊ
룬СĵԼ¾Ҫˡ
ԺһеѲ߻ڡӻһʮˣٽϸϢԴ֪Ҷ콫ҪԵģسֺĽǧ˵Ĵ
Ҫ֮ǰҵҶ죬򡭡
ﲻȥΣ뿪
ɽŲŶȴͣȻ˵󣬵ҪⷽԲǧĵؽѰҼȴҲϼѡҪĲͷѰһЩõϢ
ʱͥԺͻȻ˽ŲһӻŴ˴һһƺڱԹʲô
⣬ˡ
ߵò죬ĥĥһ߽Ժ֮ڣһؼҵѲ߻
ģëûһҪѲѲߣѰ̸צ
֪ؼＸҲû
ĹʱһӰȴͻȻǰһĿ֮ʶıߺ
ᣬһֵ磬ǻûļӦĵȥ
ｫƧй⻪˸뻤߻תѡ
㿴ǰͳһ֮Լָоֱȼ⵶ĻҪܡ
ܴûкУŬѹͷľ壬ޡͳ졭Сġ
㣬سְȥˣû˼÷ϻֱӴϡ
˸£ͻȻͬؼԳ棬ҵڷºݻжǾܣй¶նġ
ȻΪѲ߻ҲûȨֻ֪̫࣬Լ˵Ϸȥˡ
˿̣⻤ᵽ֪ԽΣ仰ʲôҲ֪Ҳôˡ
˵
һŵǻһΪιؼŻͳȻѾܿʵȨڵġ
ңѲ߻ҲɵټһЩ;˵ΪθɵĺúõͻȻΣǼء
ݶҵ˽սڻѡؼҡĹɼ£ϼֶͳ϶ǱȲ˵ġᣬ˵֪ǻ˵ãڵҲðԼ
治֪ɥֹĶǵĵطľˣݼǸǵġ
ɵĿһۣûϸҲûָһѲ߻аǳʲôõϢ
ԹɫáŲɱԼˣСͳ죬㱨Ч⣬˼ҲǣŰ²֣Ҳ̫⣬ֵ徲񲻸ǿա
һıòıԼ֪ͼ˵ʵݼҲû⣬ȴ͹ˡ̡
ԹۣͬСһ㿴Ѳ߻ݵһϷĺܣ˴˵ĹթߣƬϢͻᴫݵسֶС
ô˵ʲô֪ˣƽʵ
Ѳ߻ͷҡĸ˹һ㣬һ治֪治֪
ҲؼҸ˺Щ˰ɣͻȻͷһ䡣
಻٣ꡣѲ߻һֱֻ˱ȣͳĺɫ˲١
ֵűĽɫﱾм¹ش󣬾©Ծ͹ֲĺˡ
ҲӦ֪ؼҵһɣͻȻЦˣЦЩˡ
Ѳ߻ʶһæĵ˵ͷҡҡͷ
Ҳأ˵س£أȻʲô֪ʲôء
˵ɣתȥ
Ѳ߻һͷˮ⻰˵겻ӦɱԼŶôôߣͳǲӴˡˣİɶϵסඡ
ͳǸɵԼƭڹ֮УѲ߻Цˡ
һ̣һ˸Ѳ߻ЦݶʱֹϣһжһƬҶϺܼǰȥ

ﵹҲûæٴǸѲ߻пԷسȷʵѾȫԼҶ췽֮󣬹ƾͻͷԼ
һССĻûɶؼϲԱ
ЩҲԼĿѡ
첽ͥԺڵ񣬱ǴЩ˵ĿڳõϢϾ֮ͨǰ͵ѾԶ϶ȺϢ֮ͨʿ
ȻֱӲǺð취Ȼʵڶʱڷŵڵˣȴûдﵽ˲Ʒ»ڵĵز
Ⱥһ﷢İһֶᷢߡؼҰڿ˶ųģһ·òһʱϢͻᴫݵسֵĶС
һʱ̣ܹƷ˵ͬʱȴֲİڣȷѶȡ
뵽ǽŰһɱȻףȴ˷ʱ䡣Ȼ㳷߲㣬ĿҲʮ֮࣬·жʱ˷ϡ
ֻг䲻⣬Ҳ°빦
ͻȻ뵽֮ǰǸְضԼնɱѲ߻·һá
Ƭ̺ٶȳ᷿ͥԺ֮УΣѾһѲ߻
⽫һЩϾһͨѲ߻ǾûԼġ
ǰȥľƵȡ
Цƺ˵С͵ܻˡ
űǰһͷձѲ߻εİס
˭ѽŵĻţĵôеء
Ҳû룬ؼһһǧˣȴûɶĴڡҲǸͳһĻɫӺѲ̫ۣܵ͵ˡ
ȿȡ˿˻ûˮ
ŵĺӵҲǸĳϾͬʱˣһˮ¶ˣ
űձݣͬʱͷɨ˼ۣĵСӽôϢˣôλ
غľţҪתʱ򣬺ͻȻоһѱذȻ˲
ɱ㡣
ذ׻Ҫʶתͷȥֻ֮ǰţ٩ɽֵܣȥ֮ǰǸձĻȻȫһˡ
Ȼǻͷ˫ڵӵУȴ˸ŵĹâˣҲɢһѹֵ
ǿѹͻȻ뵽һˣǾǰͳ죬


361 
Ͼǰͳ죬˾Ȼûü㱻ƷȻֶΡ
ȻҲҪ鹦ƤҵĹͣûκη·ŵʿ綨ﻹܹġ
ءͳ졭
ǿ飬ŵòᡣϢ൱ͨ˵سѾΪնҹΧ˿һҪء
զѵѾϢģˣҵĲѾźˣȫض°ݰȫû¾ܴ󱥿ڸʳҲҪȶһء
ܴɵģµΨһһɫϢͨϴޣ޳ɽ
޳ɽԵСΪıһ·Ͼؼһĸؽ˵ȥû˸ǣĲԣó찤򰡡
ȻˣܹؼҵߵȻǷھʲôͲö֪ˡҲǶ˾ԼţҲǰѸŮϴʱ乩˳֮϶үǸɵ¾Ͷˡ
һײСȴӵųǿİе紵ݶܹеĵһʱϢ
ԣƽؼҲĿеĵһѡ񣬶ҵְҲǰͰ׵ֻҪ˽ͿԻһĵӪһʳõĺ֡
ľһȴͻȻ١˭ǿؼҵͽϢǴλ߿дģǧȷԼ䵽Уǻкˣ
˵سȥȥˣҺһ촦
ǰͳؼҵڶλͽͳȴߴ͸ڶȻ󣬵ڴ޳ɽֱըľס
ҡ治֪޳ɽͰͣСҵٱ
Ŀ棬һ۱㿴˴֪ľԲ٣ذѹһ֣ǰߵĲ
ұĴʹд޳ɽʶҪ޺ΪԼѾϣϾͻϢ
Һұ֤һ
ͳǰؼҵڶλͽٶģ޳ɽͷһ˼Լǻûء
˵سֵĶ򣬺˭ˣʲôĿġʵԸҲͷ۵ĺܣΪԷĵʵ̫СˣŹȿ¶Żȥ
ڴ޳ɽ˵κελʵԼ˶ǼΪµġԡʣʵʵѡ˽
سִֵܡؼһŶϷȥˣ˵һʲôãеĳִ£ϲĶȥˣһİȫź۵ӡ
޳ɽͲӰһ˵̧꣬ͷһҾ֪ôˣַ̧Ұɡı顣
ڲϵذƺɶ˼֣޳ɽһ
ĿأʲôĿģذٶѹȣȻ֪سֺضȥԸҶģǲĵȷһ䡣
޳ɽ˵˾治֪пȥΧǰЩӼдƺڵˡ
֮ǰǸ޳ɽɾʹĶˡ֪ף˼У˵ֻǸؼҼӽѸ棬Ҳ˵
ǱҪ
õ𰸣һƽ޳ɽ裬ɱ˿ħûҪЩ޹ʿϾɱֺзִ磬Ⱥ˿ҲδܹԲỵ¡
һУҹĻܿڣһ·Ϸжȥ

ưܵڣҶ֮˶Ѿ˯϶ƽȣĽë֯һ𣬱𿾵΢ϣһرζ
Ҷֻм˼ովͻƣȫޡҾʮҲ˯ȥϾ˶ɥʧ˲ɱҪȫ
ϵԽԽأѲӰҪưá
꣬Ĵ󣬸Щѹ֡
Ҷ쾲Ŀ˯е϶ǲԾĹһĨǳǳȣ֪ΪΣڿ϶ʱܻоһ˿϶ȴһˮĹ
ּ䴫֪ҰһȺɶ
ҶʶҪ۸϶ϣ֣Ѹ϶ϡ
££Ա¶ȹ߿϶ܣҶе⡣
ΧһƬĿԲɾ롣
ҹɽҰĺܣղ޺֮·˳š
Ҷ̧ͷĿţһ绮ʣҹĻΪ֮һ
֮ͬʱҶͻȻо￪һǿͰԵϢʵɲ⡭
ѵسˣ
һҶ֪һ֮̽£ͷǰԵϢͬеģʦ綨پʮˣ޵ʿ綨ϢҲ
ãسֿ㳲Ϯˣ
Ҷתн˻ѣｲ֮أҪ̡
¶˵ĸ֪Ҷ죬ҶֽγɵҡһѪɹͻƵʦԵô˿̣˵ĸ֪ѾҶȫһ֮ˡ
Ҷ죬ǲǲľԱˡӦһȻûκν֡Ҳسܹô̵ʱҵ˲λá
ͣǱϾߣҶҪؾ˯ľƺߴٵ
㲻һô϶֪ҶľԸģǿƲסһ䡣
سԴ㳲ұϺ󣬷˭Ҳ߲ˡҶᶨĻش
϶˵ȴµĻѹ˻ȥ㣡
ֻһ仰º϶Ĳ˲ֳʱ̳ӢۿȥأǺԼҲҶΪ
֮£϶Ҫʶ壬ԴΪصĶࡣ
ΪףѾʧȥսԼֻҶ׸ﲻҶ죬׽⣬ؼʱ̣Ϊơ
ߣҲáҶն仰飬ȴ
سּؼиֵΧ¶Ϻζʲô֪
϶ҧҧ촽ҶڻУһ˫촽ӡȥҲĿ⡣
Ҷ죬һҪ¡϶ĿҶ˫ۣˮѾ
ҶصͷȴڵѪ֪ԼƴȫƺƴΧ˶飬϶˵ϣʮã
ģһġҶȥ϶۽ǵۣȻתʧҹĻС
˵ڵƬ̺󷽲ŻعͬʱͷѸٱӯãҶ죬һȥ¾Ҳˡ
°νֱҪȥһѽסǸҶעᣬȥϧǲǶҶĲΡ
ͬʱƺҲǰ£ȴһ˿ĸо
ƴҪѶˣκĹʢ޷
ӵµĿ޺ж;ƺȰοΨûǵϤ
϶ҶȥķͻȻҶ죬ʶĵط㣡û֣һȥ㣡
͸ĴݿȥþòϢԶδκλӦ


362 
ǲ
ը죬ĹâҹĻΪ֮һ
سɫһޱȣʹ߽ŵ϶ͷһ
Ѿʮ꣬ɽ𺣷˼ûپδ飬ƺǼ֪ߵغСӣעҪˡ
۹ǰ·ȫź۵ӣϲ
ӼΪأҲ֪ͼ˵Щʲô֮üŭ㾡ؼҹ
ǱˡϲɵĵţŲȴԻ
ʲô£ɴɰ࣬ΪΪұ۵ĺͰӰնƺڵУνò
µǧƺҲϧ
ԳӦûĵˮ޺ۡ޷졣
·ĺԣǼƺڵӱǰ￪һ֮СȻҲǺĻ֪ΪΣȴŲɡ
ϰŰ֮ʱϷԼͻȻһϢĸ֪ǵϢʵʦңϸϸƷζϢ֮ƺһЩĶ
سͣ½Ųֻʦڣܹ֪ĵΪͳǿߵسײ
ͬʱҲͣͷسֶһۣĿ˷ܡ
ǺǣԼյЦЦҶܵ紵ݶߣ¿ȴ̤Ьٴȫѹ
˿̣سǲѾõɱƺǿ˼֡ҧڸļ
سֵĻؼһڳִ²ЩڴȻҶһ棬ʱϯֻ֪ƺ״֮λһߡʵȴü
նɱӰ˴ǧؼһ׻ֶΣȷĿԴ
ȻؼȺ֮Իô룬ҪΪмس򣬿νһʧĻƾǻһʦ綨ʵȻᴥҶüͷ
ǵƶĺܿ죬յʱѾΧ֮ڣƲ֪سڴˣȴ˿ûо⡣
һѵС޿֣
سֶΪ֮һȴָֻ糣ƺ˵Բ֮ڣسֶͳǿߣҲһ˶ѣ
Сƣ޻ء
뵽سһӣؼԴҶͶ
سֵľٶ΢΢ġҲ˵Ҷ˽⣬㻻ͨˣַɶ˻ķʽ֣ĿҲǲԶû뵽ϼȻ޶ۡ
ԥƬ̣ӻǾһ䡣
ؼˡ¶ԣҶ˾Ǹͬȡʱء
ԣسֻȻؼҵʧҶһˣ֪ĻɫһҲѣ
ϣͳ죬ǵĹͷͷس˫ֱ
Ǹˣ֪˶ǧ֮Էʲô棬ĴǱȻʱץһ´󹦵ĺʱ
ģ±ضϳسֵıӰ˹֣תһУȥˡ
˴γؼ㳲׻˵ձ󣬼ؼأǧ˿ɹǧٱϮҹɫз·һĳ
״ӵǲһĨЦ

˿ҶѾسֵ˲ȫӵĹУȴͻȻ֪ԷӪϢ󶯣Ҳʿ綨Ϣʼһƶȥ
ãҶͷһ֪ԷҪϾɱĽ࣬˶ڱ·Χ׷½϶ȥˡ
Ҷ첻ͣסŲ֪Ƭ̡ؼҴΪ׵ĸһĶʦҵߵĻʦ綨֮࣬ྡʿ綨ĻɫǰԶһɼΪԵϢҲǱεسɡ
üͷ壬µҶѾ޿ѡ񡣻ԮǲܵģΪΪͳǿߵس˵ԼĿǰʵΧھ޷
µֻˡ
뵽ҶҲԥȫسȥ
һҵľҶ˵ֱͲ룬ֻɵ
ǰɽ괦ƺӰվҶ֪ǱǵȴԼ
ҶӺõԣϷ
سֵӶȻǴЦȴóǹӺ޲ðԼǧаĺ⡣
Ҷû˵ûȥس֡Ϊ˿سߣվһȫΧӡ
˿̣ҲҶ쿴Ŀһɲеɱͺʱ˼֡

ҶХһжʱһƽ
аһЦ׽ŪϷŰ
سȻû֣֪Ҷ캰Ŀ϶ԼṩҪĺӡ֮俴ƺҲޣһֱõĸоͷ
ָоݼţкιϵ֮оǰɱҶ죬ɱԼʹļһǡ
سֻ˵ЩĻҶȴûиᡣǰֻڵҹĻбһƬ⣬ֱӭԼķ
ģȷǸسͷһ׿Թᣬֹ˵Сȷʵͬ졣
ʵ⣬ȻûֱӶ֣ݵԺɲ˭ܹ߱ġ
ͻȻߵǸҶĺҲˡֻӰһź㽫ΧС
سּ״˼ó֮ԼҶƺһЩԾݺݵĶһֵҲһоƿ֮С
飡
سָովըͺ²Ӱ˲ʱһ
˿̣Ҷ屻һ㵭ĽΧںеһһԱ
˽ֵٶȷǳ죬ߵҲ·ӣףȭȭǡȵٶȣûҪƵһԱʽ
ͬ𣬵ʵ׶ΣÿһƶʯȻǲҲϼӿˣΧڴݲеһƬǽ塣
س־ţʱʱȳһͷȻ޲˺Ҷ죬ΪյҶ쾫տѧƿȴڿ֮顣
ȴҲسִ⡣ΪֻһҪͽԼĳĿСˣ¿ʵȴҲС
سͷĿתĿҶĴս¶ͶζĿ⡣
˵Ǿ仰һоƿ֮С
ͻȻȥķҺнٶȻ˿ּżţ˺ѷεĲҽĵ
سԭɵɫ˲üͷšһ֡
ȻΪļҺͽ⡣еȵǣǵͻȻֵģȻԼİԵϢ


363 ܵԭ
ϢֵĺǰףֱͻأݡҪ֪سͳͳ綨ǿߣ֪ͬ죬ܹƤȻ֣߱ȻǺ֮
سݺִ꣬ƴȨѾõȻȻһ֮ǺһĶֵҰϹˡ
ԶĲҺڶ֪֪ͨһʱ䣬ؼһѾ˰ΪոĻͳϣ˿ȴ˿ûϢ
ֻ͡һѣβ·ˡȻس־ڲԶֳӦûǸӡôֻʣһֿܣϻûüֱѾһ
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˿̣Ѿ֪ʱһèĵͫУһĨ̺ͿĹâȻ


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˿̣ҶȴͻȻһȫûĻΪҲܵϸĺǡ
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С˪Ҷֻһ飬һѣ֮СȻûм˪ˣǣܹоõ˪ڸ
ܱడɷнµ̾һֵ˵㻹ҪлңʱڣҰչˣ˪ͱ·Ұˡ
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˵ǵӰȻǱֻվûסĴ̼֡
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ҶˣҲ⣬һץ֮Զʯץں֮ϣ̱ᱻֶϲ
һ̣Ҷ춼һĳ
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Ҷ˵֮ĳޣЮ˪ɶ˵屻٣ɱ֮ӵеһУɶǻУ
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ҶӥҪհ衣Ů˽˵ͺӥʱĳֻһʱ֮裬δעʳѪ
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һᣬԨ֮ѾǵӰٸн֮ʱһİľ죬ƽδܹĿƶϣһоҪɢ˼ӣ᲻˿ķ֮
˲䣬㽫˹ȥ


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ҵȴףһԶʵ
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˵ļһéݣСķҲƿݸ󣬵ȴ
Ųݸһ㱻ƿĿһĵض


370 ج
ضڣף洫磬˲
ЩǸѮ˵ƺʲô⣬ܼ˿Ŀ־塣
һ⣬ȷû˷֮Ծض
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ҶҪش𣬵ȴҲӰƺЩһתͷҲصˡ
ҶҪ첽׷ϣŲʱȴַֻŶʹӲŲֺ
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һխéݣԼΨһһϣǰһѮ߾ԼͶеĿ⡣
ǡҶҪ
𶯣ոѹҪúϢ˵תݣٻʱжһҩ
Ȱա
Ҷӹ룬ںɫҩһŨҵĲҩζ̼Ƕˡ
ллɡ
Ҷһ¶Ŵ
ɣʲôطôҶŬĻ֮ǰ龰
ǵõʱȱ֮±ǰδе˵ǴεİԱӡǿһΡ
ﵱȻҲ־ܣʹҲվҶ֡ǴζԻ֮ҶĿʧȥΪȻΪм
֫бû£еֻǲƴС޾Ѫ
˵ǣС˪ɾԵȻϸһξ룬ҲҶͷ뻳Уʱ̣ҶС˪ȻҲ֪ͽ޹ģֻҪһ˿һĻҲ
ȻǸоӴ˵棬ʹûʹֻһ֮˹ȥ
ʱղֳһجˣǣξ˵ʵ
Сӣղ˰ɣ룬Цʵ
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ЦŽһ飬ĩβЦ˵ͷҺģˣ벻֣˵ǷһǵûҰ
ɷģСӾǲ֪֮ˡҶ֣˵Ȼֽ˪һ飬ûм
ߺܹȻҡҡͷʾû
˼Ƭ̣ҶֽģɷʱֻҶһˡ
Ҷ˾л˼ģٶȻ˯


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Ҷ˯£˼Ƭ̺ҴҳţŴ嶫ȥ
ֱҹڻʱҶѾٶɫת˺ܶࡣ
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Ҷ첻ԳЦԼôܹԼľˣֻûôӵժ¶ѡ
ֽпνķᣬȻ鵤ȻûУƷ׵˵ûһҲаʮȻ𲻵εãҶָߵĵزǺܼ򵥵ġ
һ߰˿鵤ڶʱҩůģá
ֻСʱҶѾܹǿµߣҲʱ߸˻
ҹ飬糾ͣⲢһ̸ͨ飬ҶҲϡ
ƺЩҶĻָٶȣԥ˰ΣʵСӣǽָ
ԣҶҲǲҴţЦֽ䣬̺ռ䣬ԴƷ
˵ţ΢֣һɫɢŵ΢ĵ֮С
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ǣֽ׻صҶָϣһѾţ֮˻ܵǮŰҶӹŹ˻
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ǰڴ½һôҶطԶ֮⣬һڱףЩڵײϰǿǶںѪʹġ
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Ҷüͷ΢壬˵ڴֵĴʿ綨ɴﵽƺҲʦ綨ɡ
ѵ˵ѣ
뵽һˣʵɣ˵Ǹ˽ʲô֣󣿡
ԣȴ֧֧Ϊͱģ֮ҪƺڣΪ̽̽Ҷĵϸѡ
гСӡһ֣Ϊ˱棬С
ŶҶ˵ͷĵˡ
ƺǧţ¼ȡżΪϿصſͨѡѡ֮󣬻Ҫһʱڴﵽʦ綨ž߱ʸ
ԣƺΪҲһʦ綨Ȼһ⣬Ψһ⣬Ǿƺ
˵Ҷ첢δյһ޶Ϊ׷ѰС˪֮ʱҲʿ綨ݡ
أҲǺŵ֪
Сӣɶ֣ɼҶ˼»ʹֹ
ŶҶһ֡
Ҷ졭ɶ㡭ʲôʵ̲סʵϵ⡣
ʦ綨ҶʰղŻû棬̻
ʦ綨ƺЩʧϾЩҲʦ綨֮ˡҪǣԼȻҲһʦ
ʦΣɲĵļʵ
ΡҶش𣬲Ϊ
ֳĵ˵ͷʮ߰ﵽʦ綨ȷʵʷǳĳҲʦҲõõҶԼıصļֵ
أҶ쿴һ䡣
ҰҲǡͻȻʶԼ˵©죬ǸϽɿĿڵҲһϴʲôϰ
ҶǺһЦҲٶʡ
ȻһĨɫĵСӺܲ򵥣˼ϸ壬ԼԺҪСЩǧ©š
óԣҶ֮꣬
óԡתҲǺܿ죬·ղŵСûһ㡣
ת⣬Ҷ첻ͷɣߵӰΪһıС


372 ⾪ϲ
ڶ峿Ҷһ±ʶ̽ѾתĲ㣬Ьµأ·Ҳް
תԪʱ绹ǴĵʹԪԺͬһƵʣҲ˵޷ģʱʹԪ
̽飬ʶңֻֻҾտյ˿·ʱϨ
Ҷ쵹ǺܾᣬΪףԶɢȫʶţұɱس̶ȶԶ塣ε˿νʷصһΣ㾡֮ҶҲڡ
Ҷ̾һµζٻҪ޷ʩչΪѷҲôٴβ䵽ӯ״̬ġ
ʵƵĻָٶȲϰǿ鵤ָ֧ٶȵҶ죬˿ʵޱʴЩʧ䡣
뵽Ҷ찵Ծ˺֮һҪɼЩҩѱʱ֮衣
ʱ⴫䣬ľӦѡ
Ҷƿ߳ݣðвѾ
ԺУɹȻ񣬶κ֮С
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ˣɣɡҶȥò񸫡
һãҶ쵱Ȼ˵һȥɢȻгԺ⡣
ͷȥɵСԺ䲻ԺéݣռҲᳬɷԲխСִ١
Ҷ컺С֮ϣ·΢ƵֲݣԶɽеҶҲʼ߲ɫ峿δɢʪ͸ƤЩ⡣
֪ѾˡҶһ䣬֮ǰ죬û뵽ʱȻȻĩͳļԾ˸оʱš
ķ羰Զɽˮͣʺ
ҶѰһƽ̹ط£δȻ·ްʱȴҲֲ¡
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ҶȻˣ֪ȴûɥʧںԼȥԷ
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緹棬ҶȻǷƣò˵ɵʵ̫տҶҶɶǳԻ붼Ҫ顣
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ͬһ˵򵥣ڵ顭
԰緹˵ҪɽҶִţֻЭ
ǰҶٶȡ̷ȻҲٲɵķݶƷ׵ϴѾֻõͽ׵ˡ
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ҶǺһЦǻҧͨҩҽΣɷĿ޲Ŷԡ
˼ʮϺ׼˺鵤ˣ˵һս֮Ҳ˵һߡ
ȻЩҶ첢׷ʣǲզԼʲôͼҲ޷֮ǰʵ
鵤СʱֱҩȫҶжҲٶһΣų
һ·ͷȥú·խһ·Ѿױɽ·
һرߵɽ壬ɽ϶ľʱʱɼҰ֮ޣżһ޵ͺ𣬿
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ǣʱȥǱߡ£˵һʱ⣬޳ûԼĹ¹ݡ
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ͣͣɵ˼ƺҲٿ֮ϣѰʲô
ĹоҶ쵱ȻŻϣΪҶڼֱĵĿģشƫƧʿȻ㲻ɽˮ㣬õĻȴҩңƷ׻̫͡
ջҶҲôˣһʱȥͳ㣬ٲɵ߰ʮҩвƽ׾Ʒ˵ùȥܹҶָһƷ
ҵؽҩͺˡҶһ䡣
ҲɵӣȻҶƺЩι״ֲ߰ŨȤ֮ǰ֪ͨҶݣ˿˵Īƺʲô֮ǲڲеֶô
ЩҲԸʣҶ鵤ҲٲԼĺôµ㹦򣬶ŹƣСܰ鵤ķԼ֡
뵽ɱ̲סͷЦԸɴϼװӣȴŬҶѰҩ
СҶɶ²İҶкһŰ˸ߵɫֲǰڴҶ˷ܸмɫ
ҶɨһۣЦɣⲻһݰˡ
ƺɵ˼ҶҲϸĽҩһûô׳ߴģ㿴
εĽͱϣҲһŵ˽⣬Ǹ²Ҷҵ˼õҩƷȴǺܵͣҲʤޡ
߽׵ҩһ㶼Ӳ쳣мңѰҡ
Ȼڱ鱦ͨҶ˵Ȼ⣬ֻڴ˴ҩ࣬ȴ޼Ʒ
СҶٶ˷ܵĸߺãԼҴҶҪĶ
ҶѾϰɵһһէĵǰɨһۣ漴ȴҲ벻Ŀ⡣
ҵľȻһؽ׶Ʒҩ
ؽ׶ƷҩʲôƳɵܹһҲ֮࣡
ϲҶ˵ɰҵĴæˡ
Ҳ˷ĪĵæǰԼɸϽȬɣӵĳ𻹵ұأ
ҶӣСĽҩɼһԿţʱʱѯҩ;
һؽ׶ƷҩֽڤҶ㿴ֻ˾ͷ˾֮ϱҶƬҲҶƬҾмΪļֵ
Ҷ٩٩̸Ҳգţ˾۾ᣬȫȻûע⵽ĹľУһ˫۾Ѿסǡ


373 
Ҷһ⣬ʮͷǵһ˵ôҩ飬¼ֱ޲һ飬ҩܻ֮ǻڶʦ
ˣ˵ЩɣȤǻȥٽŸ㽲Ҷ쵣һ˵̫ɼǲ£Ҳ֪ɫ˾Ȼɽּһ졣
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˵գ˱ɽؼңɽŲŶҶͻȻ
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ɶޣȴƺЩڲزס˷ܣÿսɽ˵ǿʵѰ̲Ҫɵ顣
Ҷ쿴ɨһۣͷ΢ȴûбֳϸֱƬ̣˵ؽƷʵ൱ʦ
ң޺ǽƻȻ֪ϢǸ֮
ǺΣգɴģƽţʵΪĦȭơ
ֹΣգֱѡҶ첻ɿЦּǵޣ޲öϼֻƫƫȴû뵽¸Լʵɥʧʱ̣ȴ
ֻʱ˭˭Ҳɾ˵׼ˡ
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ҸղҶ컹˵ˣֻ޵ʵ൱ʦõԼòرߵһô
ȷҪҶĿ⾼ʵ˵
ɱ񿴵ķë˵ӽֽ¶š
ȿȣ˵ģҲӲôҪԲúáǣǿĽ͵
˵ĶԡҶɫָ糣ٶȸӦƬ̣ŲʮһľȥڱϾгѪôƻҲվҶĸ֪
ԥһ½ϣĴҶ쵱תһ룬һֻδܹõ̺ɽҩԴȣǺ߸ҪһЩ
ıԣҶ첢УҪʱϧ¶ʵҲҪҶ졣
˲Źľȥ
˿ɫڣߣּѸ
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࡭
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Ųһӽ˾ľѾɵľ룬ô˿̣ɶܹоľУһϢڻ
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ʱҶͻȻͣס˽ŲŤͷɣʵɣҲµûȻһͷؽƷޣΪ
Ŷɵ˵ͷԤҪŲķչ
˵ǡҶͷһЦҲûնɱ
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һʱİٸнɺ޲ֱӰҶ͵ûôƺڵϲǶʲô۹⣬ѡͷ
ȻͨҲֻܸ򲻵üǲҶ췭ģϾѪˣԼĳָСӱء
զ죿ʶԼĺ̫æѹ
ʵϣֻѾֻڽƻıʣӲֺû
ҵ˼ûС취Ҷ쿴ųһ䣬ʵǹģΪľǿɵϸϾߴ͸ŹŹ֣ʲô
µҲʵװȥҸھ¿̹֮ǰҪһ
ֻ̾˿뵱꣬Ҳһλʦ
٩٩̸˵ĶЩʲôϲ֪ܲʹƣ֮Ϊ˸Ҷһ˼롣ǾûƭҶ죬ԼȷǸߣһǿ϶ǲ쿪ˡ
ҶȤţҲɵ˼֮һҲǸʡ͵ĵƣпڵ̽б޳һӣֽ䱻飬ȻԼΪԼݣҪָԼæصء
Ȼ֪ЩҲҶУϾ֮֮Ҳ˵ԴܹȬص̵Ȼȴ֮
ҶҲͬʱ⣬ɺͳ̵֮ĶԹôҶҲԶԷϾɱ
СҶҪô۳ɡɼľгٳû춯ùɲɵӣֵű顣û춯˶ˣƴء
˻ʲôҶ쵭һЦš
˵զ찡ɱҶһͷˮпֹСĹŪ飬ввһ仰оϣоߣװ̸צء
Ȼʰ
˵գҶҲɷӦ˳ֳһʯͷ˹ȥ
ɶˣۿǿʯͷڿлһĻľУͷŹ켣
Ҷ˵Ͷ֣һ
תһ룬Ǽ̵˸еıְɡ
ͨ
ʯͷأûҵκζǲΪߣǰһɺ磬˳
ͫвϷŴȫɫƤëɢźĺޣͷ˰ء
ʶƣԪһӡȻƳȥ
ХһͽȻһǺ˲֮ڣľ֮һʱɱ硣
ֵ߳ķӡһǰܿҪͷ­ǰȴͻȻ۳һǽײͬʱɢ
Ҷ˿һԾĿţ֪ɵʵΣҲڳ֡ʵ˵ǲڳ֣ʵȴûʲôɳֵʱѡ
ǵ˹ؼʱ̣ҶҲɼʶһ³Ѫ


374 ѹ
Ѫǲɲٿ֮Ҷ첢ֱٿأⲢѪʼʼմڳ״ֻ̬׸֪ˡ
ͲͬˣΪޣͬ౾ųǿĸ֪ټķԭ򡣴˿̣ǸоһĪΣѹͷҲ֮ǰʼ벻ԭ
ޱϾޣ̰ѪԸġҶˣʼΪǲɶõζң˵ƺһֽԪĶܹɣźܴİ
һʱ뵽ԥУǳǳ룬Ծ
һʯͷͳƽƣȻСоŭԼϣֻøǵɫˡ
ƬԼԲʮķΧڣֻνǾԵİ
໣
ͷ­߰ĳХһƺڶԴŭԼͨ뺣ǵڡ
ɣͿˡҶǰߵļĵҪʱ⡣
ҧҧµӲͷƤҲˡ

֮ǰαװ̬ӵһŭͽȻǣЩ͵һƺҲͦ˼֡
ָٱ仯Ϣ֮ǰöӡ״绢ף糵֡
תâͣӦǾȡ
ƺû뵽ͷӾȻôв˿޵ѹȸȴǴԱߵϴġ
ɫë΢΢ǰδеľ״̬߱ȽǿƽʱЩ޿Աġ
ء
һͳľΧ¶ƺȻ˼֡
öӡ˿ǰԱҪıץסһƵС
˿˿Բڶһ亮Уľʼ˪ĵҲʼӲ˵۽üҶһ
ɸ̾صʱҶȴͻȻڣɣѾٲ־ˣ
ԣȻһ̽ȻѪҺٶȱ쳣ٻȻûκ֪ٹһʱ̣ڵѪҺᱻɱʱֱϡͿİú
յ󣡡
ŭһ˫Ŀһöͷӡ
飡
ʼʩǰ˲һǽסӡͬʱٶ
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һЦڶӡȻż϶ٶȺȥƿδ׹صıֱȡͷ­
ৣ
Ϊ䲻һܹȡóЧûķӦٶȾݣֻһȻܿӡͬʱԼ
˻
ͫмٷŴޣɲ֪Ȼ溮һϵ³ʱѾɱ׹ڵء
ٶȼֱ̫죬ûѧ˵ͺһǰ㣬˱޿ɱܡ
ʶֳ̧ӡöͷӡռ䡣
ʹõѧΪХӡڻƽ׾ƷѧȻӡǼޣܹ׽ѧڻͨĿ۳öͷӡҲֱƵؽһƷĴڡ
˵ڵľ˼ʵԭöͷӡǼޡѧϾ˥Ϊ˾ʱڽսһʼɱﵡ
仰˵öӡܽնɱ߻ˣɾˡ
ۿŻͷӡһöһö޹ɢɼֱشϾõһöһöľ棬Ǿˡ
öӡĳֺǲִ٣ѱƳĽһۣҪ˷Դˡ
飡
أ
ͲҽͬʱһɫӰѸٵɳȥǻ
⡭Щ̫ŵĵɴ˫ۣæҾȻһеУʲô
ɹȻֶΡҶûûεľȻԱƣȻҲսУȴһֱԹߣνԹ壬ղŵһĻȻǿС
֮УΪ֮ǰεĹԱ׻⣬߱ǣȻҲ;߱УѾη壬ʹдټȷʵ˵㹷ʺˣǱ㷢ֽ
ǺǣЦЦ԰̬ô˵Ѿˣȫһ˵Ĺ͡
ǿǵؽƷްʵʦǿĴھȻԼöӡˣѵԼط۷岻ɣ
ЩƮƮȻȫûעһɺӵ漱ӿ
СĽ£
Ҷʼմڹս״̬ʵûѣڸղžӦѪҺᡣ
ٴηڵеɾȻǺ֪Ҷ첻̾䱻޳һɱ
ûΣʶôϲԸǺ׻ٵһ˵Ĵڡ
ҺãɵķӦҲѸ٣ٵõҶѺһƱӹƬ̺һء
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ʱɾȻûʶһɱ˸ͲҪҪ˭ʤ
ɨҶ죬ò˵ĳһǻ۾ҪɣѾʼʶвĵ˲ǰߣǸ侲ꡣ
˵һ壬ôɾֽţҶǴԡʩֽŲη塣
ҶȻҲܵĿģȻη壬̧ͷ֮ӣڵб΢΢ӿ
ǻһƵĽ⾹ѹ·Ϲŵ
ѪֻԶߣΪؽƷ˵ܱǡֻХһҶ
һ˵ôͻȻıĿˡ
Ȼе²ؼ߸߹̬ϾҪָҶΪԼṩ棬ԵҲ󲻵ãһöͷӡ
Ȼ֪ԼĽιȡĲ壬ҶǰȥĿϣĹ·
ӡЯźХķȻȥȻոܹһȴֹУ϶ᱻ庮Ҳܴ֮Ȼ̷ܹ𹥻ԭ
ĺϯз󺮹⣬ֻգۣѾҶǰֻٽһ磬˫ҧɶͷ­
ӡɭ˿Ҷ쾹ţͷֻһ飬Ǿǳ࣡
ΣͷͻȻ궯һˣ󼱳飬Ѩۼ˫б
ҫ۵ĽӿȻ߱κɱǿķԻĹŵϣȴ÷Բ˲һƬţ
־ХһѾʹȫƺҲȻʧǾòูһʹըУѪ졣


375 
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Ƭ̺ڻһûäĿԴȻǱͷӡشףŤתƵȴһֱûгֵҶ졣
㡭ʲôʵ
һ־ǲͷһܵشҶ죬ȫʢ״ֻ̬ʵ
ԼȻͼã¶
ҡҡͷֺжôء
˿쳹صɢȥҶ쿴ɣһЦûж͡Ŀ䵽ѾʧȥϢϡ
˿˿ƵĺɢֻԭɫƤëһּΪٵٶȱݻƣҳ˫Ҳʼɢֱپκɡ
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ɻ˹Ѿһɫ룬ҪҪе̹ס
ɣû°ɡҶԵĿһ䣬Ȼ󲻴߻ش𣬸з
ĸû¡ҲӦҪڣȴЩ˵ǵҶ챩ŭѣϾʵ汸ᣬˣӦöһбŰӰɡ
Ƭ̺ҶֱǶһöӨ͸ĵ顣
ڵҲڵڻָΪżĺôҶ쵭ЦŽڵУ˿ûڲ䱦ͼ
⡭ʹãöڵСΪҶ̽ԼæáʵҲȷʵҪԣǲҪ
Ҷҡͷ˵Ҿô競ô
ɣʵЩҲҲµóģҵľˣҶȻƽҲ֪ͼĵ
һ㻹ƽҿ㼸䣿
Ҷ˫ֿ֮뷨ɢˡ͸âȳɾǵһθܵν
ƺ״ӣЩҲһȡҶƺ֮ǰ˼ĵĽ
˵ţңԶ˹ֵ֣ʦԯң½ƫ̻Ȼô˵ЩԵĲʶ̧٣ʵˣҲδԼһȡ
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Ҷ˵ֽɵ˫ְס˼ͲҪƳˡ
Ҷһϯɲ֪ؾЩͷǷʲôһ㣬þò
ˣǻȥɣһҪһʱաҶЦ
ߣؼңֻһִδйůгͷǰ꣬˵ƽȴƽڲͬ
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˵ǡ
桭һ롭Բ̫
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صݲʱɫѾ͸үһͻľϵࡣ
·ϣɳ飬ԼľһһʮĽҶ죬ʾȬȻɶʧȥһС
ԭΪɽǾ˰￪һΪϻҼ׵ܻܵͬλִıøɽı³
ȻɽҲûԼ˼Ѿд󳹴ͷһҶ죬ȻɺޣϾһĸֻͬҪԼӳͽ伴ɣǧҪ
ǷԭɽܲûǸͬ˴۶ȨĵܵܣµѾ࣬鸡һй»ǹ̶ѡ
Ҷ컹Цʣṇ̀ΪλҪѰ
ɽ˻һ֮ѣѰΪģֻΪʮи
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־ҶȻǴ֧֣򣬺γһ˿ο顣
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ҶԲ˼С˪һʬףΣ뿪Լˡ
ҶǼ֮Ŀһ֮£Ҳٶȳ֮䡣
ȡ֮ãѱ󡣡ҶЩɺ޳һ䡣˺֮ȰԸȻѰ϶󽻴ԼҲðȥ˪
Сӣô˵ɥͻȻŭĿԲǺɸֵ顣
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Ҷ磬һҪúõػȥ
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峿ķŵʪľʼԿݻơ
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Ƭ̺ɽ縡𣬼ƬҶҶǰƮ
ʱҶͻȻۣ˫Ŀб⣬ͬذףƱˣ
ȻһֻգۣȻɽСԺ֮С
ĵ˵ͷһʱޣʵѾٽһȻڵ϶ǹû
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ȻеñʧʵĴҲǺܳԭһҵȴֻ˶ѡ
ʵȥɱѾӡ
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ҶЦŶеĲ񸫣ѾȬԿСȻȻɽʵݲ߿ҹҲûʲô󰭡
һϢҶأһοľ
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ԣֱסȻʦʦֻһ֮йȴ쳣ѡҪõ츳ҲǷǳҪ
Ҳ˵Ҷʦ˵˵һʦαֱȥʱ䡣ңֱ֮ҲٳûͻƼ
ȻĴҲһϵǿԿСӷǷ츳
ã̫ˣɽϲ⣬ץסҶҡ
µദһһ֮ĸѾԽǷ֮ǰҶͻƣɽֻΪüֵˡǷڣĸѾǳġ
ɣҾҿȥԸˡҶɫᶨ
ɽԥƬһڻؾ
ΪʲôҶǾȣⲻ˼ĺô
㳹Ȭ˵˵⻰ʱɽ˿ɫɼġ
ˣİɡĶʦ˵ֵһᡣҶ˻֣̬ɡ
ԣɽһ˵
ɱ̫ˣ׻˵ûܲסȺǣҲ߳ζѡԹѵڣʤ㲻󡣡ɽѵ
Ҷû̽ӻת۾
ʶ̽ڷڵѪҺ궯һɿ񱩵
ҲǻǡҶͽȻۣһƽ
ɽâһ𣬾ȻĺȻʱҶѾָ
ӽһɽĬĬţٵҶ԰ʧ֡
ɣһ棬̡Ҷɣò֣ЩȲ
߷ɽתУһæ˳Ա㣬·

һһһӰϻĽֵ֮С
˿ȥϹݺᣬЩ̬̬֮˿ȴݹ֪ʲôϲ¡ʢˣ˵ӢͦҲ㼫£Ȼɢȴò˹Ŀ࿴
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ҪҪ͵㣿ɽͷĿ⣬ȴԲԵʵ
ΪʲôҪ͵ǲѰôҶֺĽǰ·֮˲ֵȻѰǾҪߵߵʲô˼
Ҷ첦Ǹӣէһ֪ǺˣһåƦݼϡ
Ӵһ䣬׷Ҷ졣
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ŵһЩˤҲҶԣĶӡо۸۸ϰջ࣬Ӳмβ͹ߵķݡ
ңҶղǵĿǷɱ⼸Ҷɥ٣ɱ¾ɵʵåСܹܡ
ֻ죬ҶĸȤĿҹˣʼѰһĿꡣ
ߵפϻҶеּԴּ֮ǰЩǱҪ
ܿ죬ҶĿٴһ˵ϣһӣһƦåĻɫ
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˭ҶŬŬ죬ʾſϲʶ
˵ֽɶˣҵҵʱǸȴӴǵصڶ޺õɽ˵ţȫûʶҶ켴֡
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ҶҲһ֮ǰɽ˵һǵصڶǱʶΪ϶ЩֶΣû뵽Ȼ㲻
ģֶ˻ʦͷеأһҲôŵֱӶԼְ
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û뵽ȴһƵСӶ˵۶ָ⵽ʲô
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״ֶ˶ʱ˵СϳԼˡ
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ڶԷʵ̫һȭҶֻʹѣǼ˺Х
ղֶ˺֮⣬Ѿ׼Ҷȭת޺ս壬һȫ
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׳˶˵Ҳиٽһ·ɳۣѹ˲޹ȺڣùĻǸȺ࣬кüǸһ𵹷˳ȥ
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뵽ͷ˲亹Ÿղű۶ָʱ۳Ⱥһͬ
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ϴ˭һüĿආţʱʱ͵Ҷ죬һɣ纮
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ĿආӦһ첽ܿһʧȺ֮С
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һ˵һ޿֣ʦֿҲĶ֣ǰʦ˼Ƚסתһ룬ǰʦǲеʦˣϾԷֻһ˶ѡ
ɣĸƼұȽϺãҶ컷ܣ̶̰֮ڱ崦Ƽңһʱۡ
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֮ͬʱ֪СУһӰ˼ʧ

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ʼտţֱ۾Ҫˡ˵ȻŪ˵ҲҪһ١
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ζǵȷ滹һءҶЦ
Сɶʱôˣɲ̫ϰߡɽعΪ˹˼ԳҲͷӱࡣ
ҶһЦ˵¥ȴٶȴŵŵŵ¥
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Ҷת֮죬է಻ѡǽܵеľ棬̶̼仰ѣһԼһӰȫֵġ
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381 Ҷս
ҶĻ֮޺鷢Եı仯˵ˣҶվڶΪĲӶѣӮϣӮȻޣأ޺õĵλϻɾҪһǧˡ
Ͼ޺ٶ̫죬رȹ̡˴½֮⼸ûܹóֵ޺ɥʧ޺ֻɢĽ֡
䣬޺˼뵱꣬ɽķľһԵ컯̶֮ڿʦǿУ֮޺ãʱգȻϻ򶥼˵ΪƸΪ꣬һ滹Ǻŵġ
νＫطЩ޺õĿѾ̫ĺۣͲȶǴʱǽضơ
ңƵɱǻڵּҡ
˵ּңҲǵصһδ档
ʮǰּһֻǵصһ壬Ҫĸһ棬ʱּҼɽһϻȴͻȻɽʧٵϢ
˵һļʧҲرֵùע飬ȴò
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ҶӣȻǰּ֮Ȼ߹д㣬ʲô߰սѧûУ챦ʤöһ;ܹ΢֮Ч
Ҷʵ̲סЦˣҸСһڹ֡ҶƫƫƲľǽͷݣǼֱԲԼ


382 ͭǮ
ʼҶͲȱٷͷʱ̣ȥͷһΡ
Ȼ٣˿Щһööڵͷת
޺ѧ޺ս£ԼּҲɽļ֮λ͸챦ֺã˵ʵЩԾ
Ҷ쿴˿ɽֻҲֱ㶵ĶԼڵȴ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷ벻ǷԼ⵹Ժôķؽϣۼһֱͬһս
ս⣬һս¾ֱӻὫһϻһս漰Ľ޺½Եˣ߻ӺּҼ壬ҶҲôأ𽫻ǣ޹֮ˣҶԥĵط
һ㣬뿼򣬽гɰǧӵĴԼлҷ
Ȼԥԭ϶ƳߣǵĻпܽʲô
һ룬ҶͻȻЦЦ˺һ˵޺ս֪֮൱ƽ𡣶ŵͺñһ麱Ȼأֵȷ
ԣ˶ǰԱģ˵ɽҲˣ̰ᣬռ˻Ҫݡ
Ծ񰡡Ҷ̾˿תΪ޺ͻЦҸѡ㣬ѡأ
޺ͻӶϻһָ޼ɣ˼˶Ҫͷܹ衣
ѡѡȥѵǶҶͻô
һŭ϶ͷʹҶﵽǲʺҲܷŭ
ŭζżпܻ̲Ψһѡ
Ҷӣ˵ˡӱϾ޺ƢһЩҲѹŭ𣬡³ŵĲǼֵѶ񣬶޼֮
ŶԼã˵ʱ¶ɫҶ̲סʵ
ӼҶ챻Լ˵ɫɫءȻⶼװġ˵ʵ˿ﶼڵѪڱļֵû˵ѣôصıﲻҪˣҪװһ˵еģһܲ
ӱϾǸּҸ⽻˵Ҫ£󣬼ǴͷϸƬҲܱЦݲ
Ǻǣ޼֮ҲҶӷģƭ㣬ֱŤҵԴɡҡȣ
Ҷ˵ͷŻӵĻΪ߲ƭԼ򽫻еǳصĺ֮ԲȥǼܿںѪйء
ô˿̣ҶѾѡһ
Ӻ޺Ļ֮ԹɫȻ׸˿Ƕ˼Ҷ齥ɣб֪Ҷʱ̵ˡ
ȻҶ쿪ˣ֮ٶʹȫȻ
ȻλǳҲù˺⡣ɣͭǮһöּң޺ã˭ʧƽ
Ҷ˵국Цȫ˶Ǻܲûˡ
޺ɫѿ֮С˵ıʵ̫ǿˣ˵˵޺Ҳϻǿ֮һȻͭǮķʽ
ȻҲͬķŭͬĸŭȴԡ
ݶٵ˼˼ͬã
ҶǷȤĬ˿̻ǿ޺罻ٶֳ
Ҷ΢΢ףһ˲Զ
ӵЦͰҶʮ˱˸顣
ҾͿʼˣҶӻȡһöͭǮҪС
˶ϢöССͭǮʲô̬أܻܿϻδʮơ
ͨŶҶͻأ˵һ䣬תͭǮ߸
һ׷ײ²Ҷ仰˼
ǻѾ˿޺˼֮С״Цһָ΢̣ɫɢһԪͭǮֶ
޺״͵ؾѣԭҶǾ仰ĺǿ԰вͭǮơ仰˵˭ͨ˭ʵǿ˭ܾͭǮʱǷ
˿ͭǮѾӵԪ֣泯ϣŵȥ
ģ޺һæԪͭǮ裬ڽزһľͣ
üͷ΢壬ΪʧֻһͺˣϾǲһ㡣
ףôˣҶ쿴Ϸĵ٩
Ҳû˼Ҷǲ׷ͭǮϼעԪССͭǮܲס֮ͬҲʱʱŤתͣ
öͭǮȫˣǿСŵ㡣ҶٶȿŲ
С˵һж˿飡޺ͷ޵վ
ǰ߷Ĺ򣬻ȻͭǮȻĴӷ淭棬ֽ
ʵʵ޺ڻһǰԽϴ󣬷֮Ѿȫһֱֲݡ
̡
ԪĲͭǮ֮ϣʹͭǮϸ΢죬ʼŤΡ
ۿͭǮ˺飬ڹսĸӵȥɫһӳһŻ⣬Ųʼ޺Ų
ȻһʱҶͶȥĿ⣬ƺĸ棬ŷĴ󵨵޺ȥ
޺вãͭǮ֮ڽͷԸ⼸ɫѹڿͭǮͬʱԸǿɾһѶˡ
ɺޣ޺죬֮ǰǸɷȻ˿պ޵ѾֹҶ죬ȺĶؼʱ̣˭Ҳָϡ
飡
ӹϳ֣һƽһ޺õආɡصײǽϣһѪۿǻˡ
޺õආ٣ʿ綨Ļɫ˿ڸӺĸ׳ǰֱ޻֮
ֻƬ̣·ϱЦһ޺
ʱλڸӺ޺мλõĵذͻȻըѣһӰ¥Ƶض
ţһסӵ˵ȥ·
޺һؼʱ̻ô½Բܰæɱǣ
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ֻǰһ˸˱
ǰһʵμתƣ̽ʱѾһذס
ĸ׳ҲǷ׷ǰͼΧ֮İ½
½ڣ⼸˶ʦϵʵԼ֮£ƹݶ¥סڣȻڼ˳ֱ֮ѵơ
½ԴһЩ޺ţȻ֮ǰ㱻Ҷһϵһ¸ոתѣǹӺݾȴҪ
飡
һ׳㲻ؿӲ½һʱ㱻һСѪ
½ԼѪȸ˷Ĵһͨʩ֡
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˵գͻȻ֣ɲǼӯƹݶ¥ֻ֮첻ϣƬ̺ɢȥ˵ȻӰ


383 ϱ
Ƭ̺¥´죬½ԵѾˤ˽ֵ֮ϡ
Ӻ޺Ƕͷ˿ҲǲɶһۣӶԷУǾԿ𾪡
Ҫ֪Ǽ׳ʵҲһʦ֮ϣʦڣ½Ծ͸˵ˣֻһͻʦ
ݣһ˲ͱҶȫȥʵ֮ǿֱЩˡ
⻹µĵط
޺ͻսղͻʶҪӦȴʶķָͿҶӰ
ѵǴ˵еĻôӵһһ伮ϿڻƵļأǿǾƸԯ״ѧľͬѧܳߡ
˿ҶѾɢȥ̬ɵ֣ŶЦЦȴ
Ҷ¶âȻסȻڻ֮ǲôǱҪԿҲʤԡ
ȻĵκǰһأɾǷڿտ֮սǳҲжѣڷĸ֣붼롣
ô˿̣ԼҶ֮Ĳࡣ
Ѿǵ綨֮ˣѧδ֪Ҷ֮ǶԶһصĴڡ
ĽޣָӵŶˣǰ֮ȴòȥ
ʣµıֻ֮䵥ƴˡ
Ҫ˵ʵʵƴ޺ϾԸڻӣƬ֮ͭǮѾȶڷϵ״̬ҿʼԻͷѹȥ
ӶͷΪãΪͭǮһ״̬أּҽһ籩ĺƽ١
Ҷ쾲ţ˵ɵƺǧɣ
ȻôţȴֳܱϾ֪ͬԮֵҶĻܻٶȷת䡣
뵽ҶüһӦɫüͷչǸЦ⡣
λ㣬ҵͬʮ￪⣬ʱ䲻ˡ
ԣ˼ǵһƺ뾳ʱ˭Ҳ̵ô
䣡޺һͭǮȻ³һ֡
Ӻˮ΢΢ͼķ
Ҷ첻ɫЦЦȫ˼ͭǮ棬ȫûзֳҶ١
ʮܸ֪ʮϢҶ컹õ˷ʱôǿͳ綨ĸ֪ΧͳʵֱӶ˵Ҷ˶á
˵˿ҶҳӯټϻơԱӡѪ֮ȵȣۺʵԶʦֱư˶ʿҲǲڻ¡
ˣ
޺ͻȻЦΪͭǮĳȻбԵ棬ֻŬһ㣬ƽڵأⳡҲ֮
ּҴҲ֮ɢ
Ҷ΢΢ü˵ʵϣ޺ӮⳡҲֽ½ԵȥԭΪ½Եʵ϶ܹӼ˻ܣʱӱذɡ
ֻû뵽ӻǰˡ
ԣƹݶ¥ҲףҪ˭Ӯ˭;䣡뵽ҶЦˣ£ָ˸£һ֮ɢ
޺ɫһ䣬óҶҪﻪذܾ֣
ĻǱȲҲûʲô˼ˡ
͵ѸٽͭǮ֣ԭڵľת䣬ֻͭǮ죬Ƭ̺̬ԭء
ͷ󶨣ҶⳡҲ䲻ˡ
ף
Ӵ߳ԪѹͭǮʱһɷȴͭǮϴͭǮ˿ԼľȻܵͷ
޺Ҫ׷ӵĹŹ̷ӦԭҶﻹûö⣬ͭǮݻ֮ٶѡ
˸ִ˼һʱ׷׳ȥԪϾͭǮֻһӣҶҪѡ˭ǲġͭǮ
Ƭ̺ҶҲԪȥͭǮôȵ˵֮ϡ
үҲҷǵĺ⣬ȻˣҾͰ߰ɡҶΪѵЦˣЦĻӺ޺һš

ӰͶں֮ϷԲ⣬Χǻδ価ҶӵĴȻȴƽ˼ıС
˿ҶվںԵ˵ǺʵˮݱȽС
޺õڣռʮĶֻйͲʸ롣
Ҷ컷ܣƬ̺̾˿̾
û뵽޺õķ羰ֻǲ̫ǵ֡
վһλߣɽɡҶĻ֮Ǹ̾һ̾ȴ
ȴӸܵУٵͨԡ
ҶСӵ£ҿԼ˹ϵ
ʵڻɱ֮ɽǻֺµ뷨˿ȴΪء
ȻѾҶ֮Լȹÿÿ뵽ɽоԼⱲȷľҲΪҵһ顣
ʲôأҶʵ
Ŷû£룬һֱ㣬ڻʲô³ɽҲҶ֮ѾﵽֲܻĹϵ̶ȡ
أҶЦ
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ҶһЦ˵ῪЦֶ𱨵ô
ǿɲһɽ˵ҲǴЦ˺һͻȻɫ˵׼ô죿Уʲôʱ֪ͨͬǰӦģ
Ҷ˰֣˵ʲôͬŽӦЩǺƭȺɵӵġ
ᵽҪʲôʱҶȴǽЦˡ
ЦɶĪǡ
ûͨԣ
˵գ˶һۣЦ
հҶ޺Լ޺üͷͱ³޺ôš
֮ʣ޺ĳ˵Ҷӣ޺ܷϻ㣬ȫˡ
Ҷ֣صͷ˵ģֻҪһһ죬;Ⱦָ޺á
˵գҶ콫޺׼õĽ޺սķֽУȴЦ죬ղǾ仰˵ģԼ̫١
ǸԺ˼䣬ҶĽĿͬɽ뿪޺á
ֽ䣬ɽϵһִǿŮ˵
ɲôǾ仰զ˵ţ
Ӣ٣緢˲
ԶԶԣ䡣֮ǰͷָп㿴˼һģһּһͨóԺúȣȻ߻յ
ĽɶʱҲܻһ޾ꡣ
Ҳõĵط˵ƺô۸أ밡ƺʲôطһʮ߰ôվסţνľַش֮ҿ
סڣһȺ޺Ŵ˵٩٩̸֮


384 ּ
޺ôţֵ治Զͣһ縣񲻿νߡ
˿һɫװܼģվԲ࣬ڶⱩɹǺ䤱
óѾȺܾˡ
Ҷɽ˼æӭǰǹȻſ˵ּҹط֮ڴ˹λ
ɽ˵ƿУ˿鸴ӣϾʮ֮ãµطּңȻĪ
ֻҶȴû̵ǶԳĹܼҿ˼ۣЩ
һ֮ǰ˵Ҷ죬˱ʵԸҲЩ׽ʿ֪Ǹź
Ҷӻʾ޶۲ˡϾּһʵĴ£Ȼʵ̫ߣƽıǺ͸·ǿ򽻵ĹԴ˿ֵ̱ʮƽнֲʧ𱰡
ʵ͸㽻ЩҶҲûзŭ˼ʵͷ
ǵġ˵ʼûͷ
ҶӦһƬ̺󷽲ŵһӣʼּҶȥ
ڣɽתͷҶһ֪ۡҶղΪʲôҪΪûдü֮λϢȽõԷѾ˷ڵ˼
Ҷɽͷ˼˵ģҶֻع
ʵҶղֱӷģֻһܼңΪɱҲ޼¡ҶԷҲûֱӱгŵǾֻȥּˣɽΥԼҶҪĪ
Ȼ縣нٶȴǺܿ졣һ·ָӣܼ֮ͨԴ֤ͨ衣
龰ɽ̾һǰУܼҿɼּƿ֮ϻǺεȵ磬뵱꣬ԼΪһ֮ʱ򣬺йַ⡣Ҳּ֮ȷ顭
Ҷƺɽ뷨ļʾο
ɽ·أһ·Ҳûô˵Լһʱ֮ڵĿĵء
ȵͣ
Ҷɽ̿ʼǡȻһ·ԼߣЩ֮˵ڻȴһ顣
ͬʱ̧ۣ۴һȶԿĸߴһɵĺͭţſҸվ׳󺺣¥֮ϽҺּ֡ҡ
Ҷ˵ͷѾ͵ԱȡɵһϰߣҾͶϲұȽһȻлûиڸʲôģ
ƺ廳ЩʲôƺԼȥվǹȥ˰ɡ
ؼˡ
ɽ˻һ䣬ип֡뵱ȺҲ˵ּҳ㶪û뵽վعּңһоƻãȻ˼ҹ룬ʵ֮ǰ̲סݺᡣ
Сɴ຿ޣ˿ѮڰͲסе̫ˣ̫ˡ
˶ĿţҶ졣֪ʮصĿɬڹҵϲòҪοҲû취ο
֮ɽָƽһ֣š
һ˽ϣɽıӰ֮ϣһߣ㱼ƺ˶ãּҼˡ

ּ԰ռʮֹҼֱ࣬Ƕвʯľţ¥ɷǷ
ܼǰ·Ҷɽţʱʱһ̾ʿ֪ڸ̾Щּұ仯֮
ǰŴһΪ׵ǻӣ󣬽ʮλּ֮ˣֻòɵ֪Ϊ֮
ҶһݣѲҪﶯ֣
˫ԽٽӭǰϹЦݣ̬
ǰҶӡӹ֣̬ǫ
˵˵ͷҶɨ˻һ˵ȣʲô˼
ǺǣҶӶˣΪ˱⣬ּгִ¾ڴˣֻӭ˵
⣿Ҷ첻мߣ̶ٵΪ˱⣬Ϊβӭ
ԣ˷׷СȻ󣬵ҶȴС˵СӹȻơ
ȿȡɫ΢䣬Ű
ҪԲԳӭҶӺ
Ҫ£ڲ߻ʲôɣҶͱˣԼú֮䲢ա
ҶӶˣӲٽӻõһԣһơ
ҶһߣڻӵǫҲ÷ѣʧ˷ȡŲǰȥ
ǰһƬ԰ںˮ峺ɼƬƬĺɻ֪ʲô֣ʱھ࿪š
Ĵһˮ鿰䣬ˮջƴۣʱʱɴȹŮ̬ò֮
Ҷ롣Դӹ֮󣬱ǻɻӴ·ܼǸࡣ
ɣȡҶùɽȴںϼƣּұգλԶӣЩѾּͳܿա˵ȻܵĹܼ֮Σ嵹Ҳδкּͳ֮ˡ
ȻֻҶĲ²ѡɽûкҶּܹҵȻ֣пּܲͳҲпֻܽЩ˵׼顣
Ƭ̺ˮ֮ǰӻͷһڳִ£
˼ʮɷԲٵǰһľ㴫ʿ֪֮ҲǾǷƷ
֮УĽǸж¯һɫ̣ͭ߰ߣȴ˿Ͼɣһֹ֮С
˿̶¯ƮȽȽһֱȴľศɣ̩
Ҷӡǰλʾ⡣˴޽ΣλƽڵϵţǰһڷʵĹʳƷ
ھΪֲĸλλҶҲûзѵĻᡣȻⲢûΣֻ˵ϰײͬҶֲˡ
Ҷֲ壬ɽȴֵ壬ֻһã̾
ǸǼλɣҶָɽǰŵ˵
Σɽμ֮λ׿³ŵҶᵽڣҲװơ
ǵġӵͷͬʱ˼Ӧԡ
Ҷȴϵûʣֻֿ˼۱ջĿ⡣
Ӻһۣ׷һ
ɾʱҶȴͻȻʳһֵ
أҪ

£ǼԹ黹˵
ŶҶ˵ͷƺ˵Ƭֿ̣ˣȻǾͲˣһټּǾͰµټ֮λ˰ɡ
ԣͻӽһĿ˵


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ҶһӺһɽͶмĿ⡣
²װɡü˵
ﲻףҶʵ
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ԣҶȻһԸڶݲݾˣǵ갵ɵʱЩʲô
ͷȥɽִƴȨʱǸӣ丸ȴɽݣµͷȴѡ˱ѡеһҲΨһһȥĿ
ҶӣҪǲǲӦôҲҪȵɣûҲû̯̯֣һΡ
ʵҲû˵ѣɽȴδ顣һȴ˽¾ŵųѾŷɣƼӵ֪ͨ̾ͻطƫƫҶھͷѡ
ʱɽȴͻȻվɫ̾ˣǵ˵ɡ
лǰ½⣬ҲѴġæл
ˣȻɲԶҲ˵ʲôҶʼ磬֪ɽǷ˼˵һû̾μ֮λ֮ʮǰѾĿȫǵּң˭ĳɽ
ӹ˵˺üл½⡣
Уɽη壬֮λҲһܶѣҲ˽³ŵԭ򡣲ҶɾͲͬˣĳ˵ּҼĹҶ켸𵽾Եá
ǰɣһŵܿڶְɣɽ˻ӵĵлĵϵǲϲ
һƬ̺ȻͷȻԣλ롣
˵ţӱ߳ˮ鿣԰ֱһС·ȥ
ӣ¡ڻߣѹ˵
Ϊ˼ҲȲѣ֮Լűǡε˵
Ҳ֪жôǼ˵һ٣Ƭ̺Ҳҡͷ̾ǿˡ
о֮˵ܷķգȡҵҲǡɫֿ
ԣû˵ֻǰţ˳˼֮С
·С·ʯ˳ɣ·Ǹ滨ݣ紵Ƣ
·ѣֱСʱżͷ
ͷһ¥ʵ¥̫У֮ΪŸ
һռĹ㣬Թ㵱аɼڶ͵ԽСֻͨݴ˶٣״ν֡
֮ǰſǰرûһҲаʮ
ͷĻӵǰּ
ʱֱӣûбɫԲȴν֮
ҪӼ򵥻ƺһҲð
ԣͳüͷ壬ĿɨҶɽ¶ɫ
ôŲң˵
˼صأڡͳ찺׶ӣ˿·硣
˵˵ϽÿˡΪͣǰͳΪۣʵΪʦڣԼֻһ֮ңΪľǷԼһ㣬Ӻּɼÿλ߶еʣԼֻҪĹͺá
ˣͳۣӻ᲻˿ĺø
Ǽ帮ۡ˹֣һ㡾ְصģ
ӣ㵽ܲܰƽˣҶ˵ǵȵĲͣΪղųɨɽĿǱġ
ҶԵȡǷ˵
ǰڲƽҿ԰һѡҶ˸˿ûѳۿ
üëһ˵ȥصǶܹ㣡ǰյʱʧǰĻɱۣ
۵ĺݻҶ쾹̲סЦôĿǿ簡
˿̣ҲǰЦ˵۵ĶˣˣɷͷˡýҶԸԺҲһ㡣
뵽ӿ˵ͳ죬֪λ˭
ӹ˭ǸֱӣҲ˳ȻҲصءֱӵձ鶼ȽҳҲױ˻¸
ҶӣҲûа취ˡӿҶ죬һ޹
ҶЦһܿӵС˼ʱ˿ĸԸıһأϾճµȷЩǷʰ
ȿȣͳ졭
ôܼҲл˵۸ڶһۣ͸벻÷ˡ
ûˡѣһȴ˲ʶôһҲˡ
ӹˣ۴һתߡ
ι
ʱͻȻʶĻͷȥǰһǰͻȻһӰֹס
վλſӰǸղЦǸ꣬ɵһŭͷȵ
㣡˵䣬Ҷһȭ֮ûʹƣǺһ³۰̫ܵǱ
ϾԷֻʦʵۺʵ˶ʦҶ˵ֱǲһ
飡
۷ӦҲؼʱӭһȭȭײը졣
ɢ졣
͵Ϯۺվмһڡ
е˼Ҷͷ˵û뵽һȿȥǿ˼֡
˼ƿڴСӾȻҳԼ֣ǲ֪
ղһҶмӷˮһûܽûӵ˴۾Ҷ쵱յȥˡ
㵹ùҶ̾һ˻뷨Ͼʮ߰꣬ﻹеĵģһҪ档
ȥģǸ³֮ҶǸ֪ļҵӵܣʹ޵ľˡֵһǣڽּ֮ǰҲˡ
꣬˫ȭһȻ̽ۻ룬ɾƾ
Ҷüͷ΢Գ۵͹ƾȻӭϡңȻԪҲκη
ϷˣЦ˵Ҳۿ
ͬǰȭͷЯ֮ƺըתۼҶСֻǲмЦ徹ȻԸֲ˼ĳ̶ȷתŤżмȭϣҲ̱㱻ԶֵĽɫԷȥ
ֱ˿̳۲֪ԷҪʹȫҶȻ۽ǰ
㣡
ҶЦĺһ䣬ƣֻ¾ʹȻ̰ͬڿлһߺԶԶ߰ɿ⡣
һ¶˴һ
ȫƾ۽һʦǰȻһƵУһ㣬Ҳδܹ


386 
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ˤڵأһƬ
Ҷ쵭Ц֣һУŶȥ
һҲʹңԳۺ֮ܿҲûΪѾԼ֮ʵࡣ
ӣҪ췴ô۲Ҷ죬ǰѻϡ
ӷ
˲ѵ㲻֪ȥָҶɽĿվûҶ
ԭХɽֵˣִƴȨ֮󷽲żּңʶǰμɽ
ȻҶҲǲмںɽݣΪһסȥ·ֻǹ˽ѣɽͲϡ
ٷϻҶǼͣǵһԴҲɱ֣Կ׸ҡ
ڳһʮеףȻǸʮֻǴ״иӵС°ࡣ
УûмԸҿ϶ܸǿš˵ʱҶڶث
üͷ壬ʵӲҲû취Ȼ߹˽Ҷ֪˼Ҳȷʵռ֮ǰμһȻҶ첻죬ٰˣɳе
ڻľεʱ򣬺С·ͻȻʹŶ
ӣ顣ʹ첽ǰ˫ַһһָ೤Ͳ
ͷһϲӹͲֵȥɡ
ʹӦһתȥ
ͲУȴû̴򿪣Ѱ˼ųǰշŷɣ˿̴Ϣʱ㣬Ӧڸϻ;С
ȿȡ˼µҶˣǸɿѡ
ϾǴܼң˴ﷴȷʵҪƴɱɱĻϸ²١
ӻмĿһۣ۽ɨҶ죬߹ȻһõĶԼ
ϽͲȡż㣬Ķ
żݺܼ򵥣˴ݵķӡĸֶѡ
ס
Լ࣬ûҶڣֻҪԼϻǰͶԷַС
仰ӵʱ˵˵Ҷμ֮´˿ҲҴȫȨٰ졣
ɫת䣬̲סҲչһۣ֮Ǹɫ
š
ԥƬ̣޿ֵģ׹߿ڳ߸ϵΪľԼΥʱóױԼ
ݶٵķ󣬳ۼĵĴš֮·һ˵Ƚ
ڲЩ䣬Ҳʣ濴ʱ״ԲΣٿȴѾ˰״
Ҳ֪۴ʲôأǽϱһյŵ
ŵƹڹ࣬˵ȻЩ谵
Ҷ컷ĿĹˣֻһڱ䳡ƽ̹شϡֱܣ֮İڷŸ鼮Ӧּҵزѧ
Ҷӣ롣Уֵķͨݡ
ѧҶҲһطҼͳ綨ûдﵽҲûʲôܹԼĵѧ
ѧٶӣһר
ɽɾûôˣǰΪʱȻҲѴڣʱȼѧѣû뵽ʱգѧ۾ȻĿȷʵּϸ׳ĵ·
ΪּҴ£ýʵԵܵͷһνҲ࿴ۡ
ǣӿɾ͵ĶˡּҵĵλͺͺӰ֮ؼһ㣬ȻصأͬǰûһҲаʮˡ
ݲžŰʮһ̨ףҶʰϣܿ㵱С
СտյϿŷţƺһ󷨡
ûнͣҶҲûйʣٶȥ
ռխ˿Ҷ졢ɽ𡢳ۣ˴֮бԵЩ١
Ҷӣ˵ľ֮мλõһʯ̨
Ҷǰȥʯ̨ϰڷŰ˸Уʽ£
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Ǽղصı˸ӡ
ҶһУ氲һöӲӵĵ衣
鵤Ҷоȣû뵽ּҾȻֶ
ҶɫӦͷϲԼѺ˱ЩҶĶ
ЩƽնΪ䱦ȴ֪к;ҶӼʶ㣬ͨЧáӹάЩ䱦ǲݷ񶨵ģֻΪҽҩԵʣΪΪЩֻǾ֮ľ衣
Ҷ컺ͷȻϵáöɫ鵤˵ôţɽԼĵڶҲЩȻͻȥ˵
ȷʵǺöҶּļд򿪣һ⣬涼ڵ鵤߿ŲãһҶҲߣӦǿá
Ҷϲͺã֮ǰ˵ıЩֻҪҶӲ̱ɴߡӵзüͷգһ¡
ȻҲǳ˽ģϾҶּҵӰʵ̫ҪԼö軻ȡһпܳΪƺƸĽãǺ֮ġ
Ҿȴ֮ˡҶҲָâһ˸б㱻ֽ֮С
۵ͺһһԼץѾʮ˴˸ȥⱻΪĶȻôߣŶ۲ѡ
Ӽ״Цһͳ֮Ĺڲν˾ټֺҶ죬öͷŤʵһ֮١
˸УȻĶҶߣҲûмȥıҪǻ׼磬ΪҶɽӷϴ
ҶȴʹȥΪԶ׭̵ͼܸȤ
æ뿪ȥ׼䡣ҶԻӰ˰֣ʾȥ仰˵ҡ
˵ʲô䣬޷Ǿûּѧ
Ȼ϶ǲֳܱ˵һҶ֮ͳȥˡ
ߺҶɽ㣬Ҷʵ̵ͼʲô֪ô
ɽҡҡͷȻҲ֪Щͼȴδӹ
أ˽ôҶʡ
Ȼң˵ֶкݾǸɽҲڮ٣ʵǵ˵
Ҷ˵ͷпʼּҼ˼ڴ
ͨö鵤ѿ˶ڿνЩ˽⡣ҲֻЩѣö鵤Ӧôڴˣѻɽڵһ
ͼҶǿҵֱпܾǰڷ֧Ϊóѧ


387 Ȼ
ڷ֧жһǳѪڣڡ
ڽѪڲͬϮеʣǿΪԪѭӶԪС
ȱȴѧĻϿȺӣʱ䴴󷨡󷨿Ҫͬʱ൱
Ҷ쾲Ŀŵ׭̵ĹͼüͷԽ
ʵͼҲֻ̫ۣһЩ򵥵ַĹġ׻˵úãɽҶȻѧѾʱȥЩƼ򵥵ַȴһ
ü˰ΣҶתͷɽȥ߸ܵĿҡҡͷȻҲ֪Щͼʲô˼
ˣ鱦ͨимء뵽˴ҶתԪָϵֽ΢һѿ
Ҷʶ̽һ󷽲ԼܳǷ鱦ͨδϡΪԭ鱦ͨѪٻ֮ҶֻƾֽͨܳһݣֽͨŸͲסЯһֱƺסϾֽǺԵɺϲŵõġ
֮£ҶֻĻҪֽʣȻ󽫵ϵͼ¼Ϯ÷ƺ֮ϰ
¼ĩβʱ㴫˴Ż
ҶӣϯѾףλϯ
֪ˣȻȥɡҶߣɿֽϻдЩַҺַӣҶպ«ưҲĸʮơ
Ҷձĳһ
ڻˡ
ȷЩ󷨣ɽʵȻΪζǺ
ӦǰɣҲ̫ȷ¼Ҳ¡ҶЦЦӣ߰ɣԷȥһЩˡ
ɽӦһ߳
֮⣬ǸȻûߣ벻ҶɽǲһȥһҶǰȥϹϾһȻǰ·
ԼһʱҶɽڻٶȷ˺ˮ鿣ʵǲҪ·Ͼʮȥˣּұ仯ĴɽǰμҲЩͷתҲλá
ǵϯ֮ǰĴһˮջͷͤС
˿ͤоϯѾףӺɽվһԡһҶɽ̳ӭ˿ȸղǸϰ֡
ȷʢˮ㣬Ǵٷʳıܿþ˼ֺҶ졣
ϯҶѯ˼Щͼ⣬ȴҲҡͷ֪鵹Ҳ˵ѡ
Ҷμܷ֪ҡͷεȴЩ˸ʲô
ȾơҶٱƣûм׷ʡѾ˶ۣܹżȻ̫ܣֹ漰ڣȲԣҿѪ辭ҲǴпܡ
ϯһʱҷŽϯ̸ȻҶԻЩ񣬵ά˵Ķˣ˭Ҳ˼Ǹ˼ɫȥ
ɢϯ֮Ҷ챻ּϵȿͷ֮УɽҲǰ⣬ִҪʮǰԼסΪ䰲ΣҶֻͬȥ
Դ˻ӺЩ̫⣬Ҷ˵ûʲô˵ġϾүѾһϼࡣ
ҹ㾲ΩᵴҶɳɳ졣
ɽԲԲ࣬һѾ͸Ĳˮ
ʮˣȴһֱû䣬һĴεġɽţʱĹ۲죬ּҵ״ɲٱ뷨
ʲôأҶŶ룬ǡÿɽ˼ݡ
嵱ұƳּңҲּ˵һȷ顣ɽҲ¶Ȼζ
ҶԺǺһЦ˵ڿˣʵƾҪϾɱԻ򲻵ڡȻϿ϶ǲô˵
ˣ˵¡ɽ˰֣ʵôʲô쳣
Ҷҡҡͷղǳȥ̽ġϾּ˵ڲ֮ͣСһЩǼΪҪ顣
ûоͺáɽһ䣬ʵҲںּܹչϻһʱ롣ɣȡԼɽҲδػüͷȨˡ
ǡҶ̽Եʵ
ˣס죬ҾͻصéȻˡɽЦŰ֣óڿЦ
ҲãȻһǰǰ˿鵤ȥɡҶ˵űš
СӣõźϷôɽסҶ졣
ɣ˵ʵ˿鵤ΪСȻٱҲû˼Ӷ˲ǡҶЦ
ʲôҪţ͵ĺˡɽظ
ҶһЦĵˣĶôҡ
үµദԴ֮ٲЦԻʱ˭Ҳá
׻˵ĺãּ֡׳ȻйƳʮصȴϴˢҪ鵤ôɽЦ˵
֣һͷһôصǲе˰ҶЦš
ɽ˵ͷÿɷ
Ҳû취˭ү㵹ùôһء
˵գ˶һۣЦ
ЦУɽɫ֣Ƭ̺󻺻ڣֿҶ죬лл㡣
Ҷ첻Ϊ⣬Ų豭һڣʵлʲô
лҡɽҲԸЩ飬Ͼ˸У˵ȥԼݺᡣ
ӦõġҶ˰֣ͬʱˮ£ֵɣҰģԶԶֲҾ֮֮һ
ô˵ҵ㣬ȫΪѣĻֱ˳ֽ䣬ŪûòԾءɽ뿪Ц˵
˳ֽǼпܵģɽǸɲһҶĺܡ
ˣ˵Щˣ˵˵ԺĴɡɽʵ
ҰȻǻƺˣϾûдꡣҶԥ˵֮ǰĿѾپѳ顣
ѳ鿴꣬ʵȴǶ԰˼Ϊ޴Ϊһ£һ㣬ΪȥˣϲĻʲô
úûȥŶԵС˪пܣҽطΪգؽҡҶĿ¶ͼᶨܹǶ˪֮õĸο
ɽĵ˵ͷҶ򣬡ܺãĺܺá
ҲɣҲ֪ԼǷȷ룬֪С˪뿴Ķ

ڶ峿ҶһȦ󷽲Żصס
ոսݣŮͣͬʱһϢ
ּҼڻˡ


388 ֵּ
ϢҶɽһ񣬲Ѿйڱ
ݲݳԹ緹Ůۻ֮УԼһʱڼּƶˡ
ҶдвͬĻУӦǸ䲩Զһ߿ͦΣ
ʵϣܰЩ֣ʮڽּҴΪȫ¾Ȼû˿ķ֮
硣ӭ˳ɫԱ
ܡɽ̾һԹѾ̡
磬ЩˣһֱѰ䡣ִ˫֣۵Ρ
ɽû⣬ʵȷʵѰҹܶΣʱĸо֮ҪѰΪնɱ
Щֵط졭
磬ЩұҪ˵˴ĻʵڿǷɽ̫̫ˡ
Ƚһ˸ʶɽûи忪ڵĻᡣ
˵ͷϾҳ󲻿Ҷ죬дɫλؾƺڸͽҶӰɣ
ּˡҶ칰˹֡
ȻӢ۳ꡣִۣ˵
ּˡ
𻰡һŲС
̸ֱ쵽ҲûܾˣַԸξ磬Ҫ¸ɽҶӷϴ
ϯ䣬ٶȿڽ飬ɽûֹЩ£վҪԵģѾ
ĽƱɽʵ֮١ΪʱϻѾ뵽ϴƵĽ׶Ρɽ׷ɱΣ˵ˣҪּǰ䡣
ʱɽͷԣľʮִ󣬶ҹִȡԡ岻ּ̼ҼҵٵƱɽ
ɽմȨʱϣ⵼ڱɽ֮ѰңȴΥɽء
ȻЩ嵱ʱ֪ʱŷֶߣЩųּԪϵĸȫʱգҲͽһ˶ѡ
ĽͣɽѾݺᣬôһֱ˶ܣȻС֮˶Ⱦ֮ʵڿɱ̾
˵ʱɽֵѾȵдˣϾֵطұǰӣȷһ˼顣
ҲټȫԱȻ󽫼֮λ硣ɽþϣԺֻּ帣ּҵ飬ǽԶԼĶ
弫ƴǣҴԴҲܲסɽļúҶԹߵĽǶȰɡվһҵġּۡҴȨִơ
̸飬ɽֿʼܽߺҶʶĹ̡
һһʱɽĲУҫһױ죬ֱ˵Ŀ࣬аƺڵĸͽȻǷ
ʵҶľҲȷ˳ԾʱȻΪһۣҶô͵ʱ򣬳ɾҲԶԶһ
Ҷӣ¾һֱվ𣬿˵Ǳоٵȴ롣
Ҷæվ˫ԹΪɽܣҶӦú˼һŶԡ岻Գơ¡һƣɵɷҶˡ
˵ҾŶԡҶҲһ룬ˮɫֿ
㵱ȻþңǸþһΪҴ̶ѨҴһ壡Ǹĵϸ֮ˣҶԳơ¡ʹú߻֣̿ǸĿڳơҡ
ãҲˡҶˬһЦ㾡֮Ȼʾ⡣
Ҷȥ̳һΪֵּٶȾ룬Ⱦ֮һ룬ٶ֮󷽲ſڣһҾͱֻΪּҵǡڶҾɶҵľ֮
ҲãƺȵѾǵĺȾˡˬˣȵ飡
һپʱȰգӰб
Ⱦƣѵɴϼʹ̱Ҷɽ־ܾǽ飬Ȳˡ
ǾˣҲ죬ʵ̫ߡ

ڶգҶɽֱ˯ĸذٽʱ
һŮȻʱʹԭ˵ǾѾãֻȶ˾λɿϯ
ҶɽοЦһʹˣʮ̳
ֱԴԺ۵ء
۹ۣ˸ǵ£Ҳǲֻܾ̾øŮϯµһս̴졣
Ҷɽ˸ۣѻҳϴʲô˭˭˭Ȣ˼ϱơ
ڻʼղø߿ȷʵʵ࣬ҲֻԶѣƣûٺȡ
һ̫ܺˣ󲮻ҪǿһΡҶţŻѣϽ
壬еЩַ֪Ǻκ壿Ҷ쿪żɽ֮ѾҪܻ䡣
ԹһЦϴСʶζ
Ҫ˵ַǿɾ֮ͨ˵һ٣ɫ΢е⣬֪֧
ѪڡڡҶͷش
ԣһƺû뵽Ҷ쾹֪ЩĳԾҲֻʱѣһ룬˼ƺ״ӣǼʶһܱ˵ġ
Ȼ֪ҲһŰɣʣɫѾָ糣
ǵģҾЩַǷ󷨡ҶƱʾ⣬Ϊְѱӻ˴롣
ûЩַ󷨡˵ЦһѾգѧøЩۡ
ȿȡɽЩã˵ôҶʲô顣
ѽ磬ˡڶҵ˼ǣҶӽơ
˵꣬ɽȻҲЦΪԹߣֿ˻
ҾǶλһ롣ҶһƲǲˣǹóƣҲҪġ
һͨȵҶֱҪθ³ա
ĵһ졢ڶ졭죬ֱҶѾƣɼǳѪƴжôҡ
ɽңϣټϾһֱӺȵĸԲڴɰǺ
죬ûٺȣ˾һġ
彫Լ󷨵ˮ©ĽҶ죬ѧͣǾһһ循Ϊ֮ǰ಻ĹذͨκҶķȻһһ˳ͨ
գ֪󷨣ʵνΪԵ
գӦҶһսʱϧܸա
ڰգֵּΪףΪҶϻ￪ڡ
ʮգҶڳƺɽ֮ǰ


389 ɽ
ƺڡ
Ҷ̧ͷɽҶϵ֣һʱİٸн
һɽΪѣû뾹Ȼô顣
Ѳ⡣Ҷ̾һɽš
ɽ·У֮˵ʲôԼСʱ֮ҶڻصõľƷ֮С
ƿţһ糣ɽ徻ﲢδ۸ҡ˿͸϶֮䣬Ȼ˾һΡ
Ҷһ̾׵úܣʵξ
ڶԴһҶȥѰҶ;ƺϾԴֱ֮˾Ҳû档
Ҷ򵥵ʰһȻӹȡƾܳǷ鱦֮ͨ׼ȥ
ʱͻȻ˵ϸŮӡ
϶Ҷ첽ǰȥֻǰСŮӣ϶ֻǾƸŮӶѡ
ЩʧҲҶ켱Լʧ࣬϶һʮֵԼ
Ҵҹغ÷ţҶŶסȥ
ľס벢ǺԶԼһʱɴﵽ
Ҷǰȥߵţ沢ûд
ѵǳȥˡҶֹһ䣬ֱƺס
û˿գҶҲ˿̶վéǰĶ´˵ʱʱһ̾
ֵǣһˡҶԶ㺰һ䡣
˲δͷƺ̸ʮ
ȿȡߵҶ
ڻͷҶ֮ϵıȴ쳣졣
ү飿˫ۣһšƺǲסͷӿš
Ҷ죬ʲôҪģֵһ쵽꣬ƺڶ֮˵
ʲôҶһɻ
ʱƺƶǻİ
Գ̾һܣ϶ҶػҪǽһЩƽ¡үлл׼Ҷʱط䡣
ŻءҶ촸˶ؿһȭ̲סЦˡ
ҵ죡Ѫ⡭оʹŻع
ǻŵҶ죿
ϻ˭˵ˣҶЩıȥԼһҲȻԼ
ȻˣΪһڷӦ֮󣬾Ȼ
һΪǵʱһ°ʬȥˣ˻ߡ
Ϻǣ㻹èذҶЦ
˵ģȥˡƺ˿̺ƽͶͬԯ˵Ҷδػ
Ҷ̾һ˵˵ҹ¡
Լһʱ䣬ҶڷԵĸ˽һߡ֮󣬾ƺ˵Լô顣
ѵǸͷӦƬ̣ŴۿƺһĻȻ顣
ƺѰ˼һᣬ͵ĵ˵ͷƾ
Ҷһͷˮ˵ЩʲôѰҶλúʹŻһ£ȻǸѮߡ
գҶҡͷЦݶֻһҵԼΪȴûҵΪԼɸ
˵Щˣ½϶ôҶЦʣЦĺǿɬĺܣ϶ΪԼˣǺεȵġ
ʧǵ£զƺƲ˵
ʧʱ䣬϶˺ôһȦ̾
½ѵͲôƺƲĸˡ
Ҷ״һЦƺСӿϲˣôǳԼס
ȥǰɡҶ
ߣϲ顣£Ҷ찲ȻĻǱȹ껹Ҫ˵顣
ƸʱѾʱˣ˿ȫƸ󶼾ۼڹ㳡룬ƸطǸλƺʲôشʽ
٣粻ɣ˼״ӰʦءһѰ϶Ӱһ˵
Ҷ˿ͬһ飬ΪǲƸ״Ӻߣһ۾ܿԲѰҡ
˿վһʮͷ࣬ʿ֪ǸӱǲƸط硣
ƺûע⵽Ҷˣֻ΢΢ͷһĲɵɫ֪Щʲô
ܿ죬ҶȺҵ϶Ӱߴ˿̵ȫͬһʧǵģ
Ҷ״ûɵһʹ϶ȷˣݵЩˡ
ͼˣϾͻƺֹһ䡣
㿴϶ݳʲôˣҪ˵ʲôáʱҲҵ϶ӰǿʼҶָ
ҶͷＫζܶ԰뿪ЦĿǡ
ҶܣҲٶ໰˾վţ˼
Լʱ󣬰ʦڽҲһ̣²Ťͷ˵ȴһԵҶˡ
һƬ̺¶ϲɫ˲ûδȥȺɱһ˽ҶĻС
˵ľ֮ĿһĻ˵Ӳµôʲôʱ򻻵»
϶ҲµһĿȥʱ˶סˡ
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½֣ʶԼʧ̬ǸϽҶ컳𿪣صĴҶؿһ£ָɡ
Ҳʱ϶Ѿ˹ǿļվҶǰܼƣ˫ȻỨ
ҶЦЦǰȥĲ۽ǵۣޣҲ뿪ˡ
̶һ仰ȴ޾㺡϶ĵ˵ͷˣͺá
˿̣ǧȴڲ֮С
µ׷֮£Ҷֽ齲һߣڽһʱ򣬶ȴѻ˹ȥĭɵĽ˺ΣǸоֱ˵ҪרҵԾҪʵöࡣ
ҶĻع飬ʹ˶Ǽ֣ر˵Ҷ컹ɹͻƵʦ֮Ӿ׷׸ߺѲк仰Ϊɾԡ
ȻǱزٵĽӷϴҶּʵǺȵˣһ·˵ʲôٺȾƶ岻֮ĻȻǴҶ֮Աǡ
м鲻мϯҶǰ쾭ϴñ˳˾ƺǿܺһǱҶȵȡ
϶£ƽղˮŮӽҲǳȵǺ˵Ҷĸо
Ҷæ⣬½žƾ˵ʲôͬѰĻԺɾദˡ
ڣºܿ˯ˣոտʼβʹҶ쳤һ
µ֮󣬶Ҳȥ϶˵һ京Ļ֮Ҷ컳УҶûԼо˯š
ֵһǣԴǸ֮󣬾ƺû˵ֻǵͷƾơ


390 Ů
ʱۣת۷š
죬ѾҶصƺڵĵ£ڼδο̿ʵȴٶȷǣڸղţʵѾʦڳɹͻơ
Ȼһǰö鵤źܴĹϵҲֹˣö鵤Ҷֱӿҡ
߶ʿϵңԺͰ˶Ŷʦ⣬οҶϻܡ
˿̣Ҷȥס·ϡ
µʱҶ˾ξۻ档ƺܲ⣬ҶȰ˵£ÿ֮ǰ֪ͨɺÿζûе
ʹóҶ˶ʧȥģҾĳͨ˵Ȼ˰˫ٻһ
ֻҶ쵱ȻᾡţϾֵһ㲻ΪҲĿŰ˫˽ӴǸʲôҶһ۾ܿǣ˱ûߵԲκκ³
ԽոɹΣҶǰȥƸѰ
ȥƸôҶ·ֻסֻ֮ǰͶһΣѰʵһ
ʮ֣Ҷҵ˰ס
ǺܺãֻǰɫѾǺڳɽХƸǶ
ƽʱʱƺڵɢĺʱ򣬵ڽ֮£ƺ˶û顣
ҶվԺ֮⣬˵ã󲿷˵ᱻӰ죬ҪȰðˡ
СԺԼʮɼڲƸסѾǺܴˡⲢ˵ڲƸҪΪƸŮСеӵסɢڲƷԵش仰˵ǵعϡѡ
СԺĶһСϪϪˮ峺֮ɽɽţᴩƷ塣
ԭٴξסǰģСϪ߾ֲһŴȻѾ˵صķ羰ɲΪƸɢѡΪԭȻûɢ
ҶһϪˮȻ̾һƿԺСȥ
С֮ǰҶЩ̫ԾƺЩֵ
š׸硭š
ŲŻҶСݿýǰøᣬľһŮӵ
治ʱ򡭡Ҷϸ֮ɫŵתȥ롣˼ֺǱԼȤǼֱ
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ȥҶͽȻֹסŲɺãǸɺãѵǡ
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Ȼ󣬵ѾԽ龰װס
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ΪڵĲǱˣеյĺֵܰŮӣȻͶһιɺɺοڼǰҶ컹˵ɺɺҪعںá
Ҷȭͷյž죬ڹŮʵ̫飬Ȼ޷˵ͣЩûûܵĻ
ҶԼסҪȥΪղŴӹŮĶԻҶһҪϢǾǵļ飬Ѱؿʼ
׸磬Ŷʱһ䣬ɺɺŴƺڵˡ
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붼룬Ҷ̷ݡҪǷжʧΪеҪƷЯֽ֮С
ݺһƬï֣ܵۻź룬ʮְ
ûáҶּͨ䰲շһ㣬Ϊ˼ֶƽʱܻᱧɹʳȴһֻҲûмܾ
뵽Ҷӿٶȣ̤ʩչԾͬŰӹ
ʱҶ㷢ǰһӰڿӡ˱߼俿ǵٶȶѧΪһʩչѧԪϢ¶ͻᱩ¶١
ɼټҶ̤֮аȻ֮
ܿģ˱ܵһΪѸݵϢԼ׷Ҳٹ˼ɣʩչѧ
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Ҷ켫Ŀֻǰ֮ǵӰȫܣʹƺͨѧ̤Ʋ
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룬ֻǲһʱ㱻Ҷ˦Ժ
֮ڣǰǵӰڸܵǿѹȸУͷһۣȻֵǱ¶š
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˻ͷһۣͣ½Ųֱ֮ڵϣؿھȻ۵ĺˡ
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һ˿ɫûĻʹ˵һѣԼ˼Ҳ˿ķӦᰵûб¶
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ôҿԺŵĸ㣬Ƹ֮λĪҶͷ­һģȻֻӶѣʵĵУھƸ֮λðҲ֪ƺڲĹֹ֮ء
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ȻȷݣĻʹ֮ˡ
ڵƸҶֻʶ˫ٺȻҶ㲻ѺãʱûɶԸԼǲӵ˱˫ɡ
ҶʦĪҪԷƱʲôʦ˵ĿɶǷθ֮ԡӰԼĻȻʲôߣʲô״ӣһԼˣתֻҪ˵ûСӿ϶ԼĿ࿴
ȷҶһ䣬ѾõԼҪ֪ϢǰôҶ쵹Ҳ⻨ʱ
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ˣȥɣڼϰĪҪȹֲһ䣬Ȼȥ
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ıܣǱ˫ŷһţʮԶ
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Ҷһ·ϽʯΣʼպӱŰ֮ľ롣߿Ϊ֮ǰ̫βûʹѧǿٶ·ֱǳȫҶ죬ĻҪ취Ϣֲ
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үһˡӼţзͬĿ⡣
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飡
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ʵѧӶռƣֻĶʦѾӽУ룬ҲҪʦڡ
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˫ڵһĺۼɿⷽסΣܹõ˫ٵʶȻʵ
˿̰Ȼ·磬ֻ֮أȴƺ£ʲôǿĺǰ㣬̬ЦĿӡ
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֮ľۣɳʯߣһЩȽϴľʯ̫ضֱӱΪ촷ۡ
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ǺǣҦʦǱŷأЦһ츳ȺʵڣҺΪ˫ٵһ
ԣԶҶ춼ͷһû뵽ԻۣУί˫µֻڶµѡ
ӶһȻƽΪ࣬û뵽һﾹȻַʾԼĲ
ͻȻƺ뵽ʲôϸֳɫ
ӡУһ³ç֮ǡǡ෴˼ϸܣƳĬʵϽ֮Լǰ˵㻰ѵǡ
뵽Ӿ̲סЩڹ˵ɱһ顣
ʦ֡˵İ㻰Ҷǳĳ˫µôܰԼ˵ǡءǳ鶯ǿļһЦݡ
Ŷô˵ҦʦֲΪԼǹˣȤĴӣΪҦԣʶʼʹûһ棬ҡβĽɫ
ǡǡӣҲҦԱ÷ëΪӺߵĿиܵһζĸо
ϻɱǰϷŪô
ţҦԱһ亹
֣ɱʱ֮ǰĽԹ˿̾Щ޲̳ǰȥ˺Ҧԡ
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һϱ㸡ŭɫһҦԼõˡݵУĿǰòν
ȻʵԶѷڹȴºߣϾԼǼҶҪӡ
ô㲻Ҳ˿ӣŭкãһûбµ˶ѡ
ǺǡЦһȻߣҲ֪úǰĵȻɱŰһҲ˵ʲôϾ۳ãķܼġ
֮ˣƺûģԸпԷһö࿴һۡ
ڱѵİƺϲҦԡ
ȻȴҲò֮ǰ̲סºݻӻأơ
˵꣬㼸ʧ֮С
ðߺ󣬹Ҧǰ˫âʵ鵽װûУ
ҦĿעҲæʵش𣺡֮УǱϡ
ŶƺЩȣǵ߻رҶ첢δЯôҪĶֲύ˱ܣסǻء
˵ĶԻҶͷˣԭԷȡʧһ꣬ʦš
ǺǣԭԾͰǺˡҶвԣЦһȻȥ


394 ڱ
صסҶ쿪ʼҦʧ֣ƹֱӾͻὫڣҶ첢ûʲôϵ
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ЩҶ쿴ʱͷˡ֮ǰǸĴ̿;ǸŮӣҪ֪ƺڣ˼λ׾죬ǾֻвƸŮӡҲ˵Ⱥ̿͵УȻвƸĵӡ
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һڲδֻǴҰèȴһֱǻΧʱʱһͷ˻
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ٵȵȡߴ̿к˸ЩԤУźֻҰèйء
Ƭ̣ߴ̿ͶԵһָָ̿ҰèȻһơߵͷҰèƽ֮ҪȻΪ˲䷢
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Ҷ쾲ĿţҲֻܸܵҰèЩ֮ͬѵǡ
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ģҲ۸ӣ´̿һ䣬ٶȿߴ̿ͣҪ׽ֻҰèƤйͷֻޡ
ߴ̿͵˵ͷֻҰèȷʵˣǲ֪Ϊᷳ
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ðѧᡣ˵ţ϶ѧһèУȻΧֲݴһ󶶶һĹ򣬾ȻдССʮֻҰèΧ


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Ҷ쾪ȵɨΧԼߵһҰèȻʧЦѡǲ١
Ҫ˵϶һۣϲ޵⡣
˵ЩèڵѪҺйϵôҶɻʵʹ֮оףʲôкѪҺйϵô仰ͺȺҰèǲĹѪһ㡣
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ڵѪҺʲôҶ̲סʵʣ뵽϶˽һֱûʣϾ϶޻˵֮ԲѪҺ飬϶Լԭġ
ԣ϶̾һƺЩ䡣
˺ˣҲˡҶϽ⣬ָ·Ⱥ˵֪Ҫ
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Ů̿ͼһںμⳡж˿̵뷨ҲǸߴ̿͵뷨
ҲѡҶһΪľ
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һ죬ߴ̿ʶĻͷȥֻһ̿ؿڳѪ˵Ӷը
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סһߴֻ֪̿ҪҶ׷Լû취ƽߣԱƴˣҲһ
仰Ҷ쾹Ȼͣ˶ŸߴЦһסʱ䡣
С̫ˣ֮ǰҰèϷŪǸ̿ͱһӻ𣬴˿ҶҲѹƲס嶯֮ҲԼʵˣһ
˵ʱ䣬ôȶأɱһ˵ɱңǵĹͣҶܵͬʱڳЦ


396 Ļ֮
ϻһϣߴ̿ͺһ䣬ȴһ˿ĹâȻеȴûʿĵһȥ
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ȻҶȴһҲö񶾣ڰΪоҶ
Ҷ㡭ɺɺڿ´̿ڵΪƸӣȻ֪Щ߰¡

ϱϴƿ֮϶£Ҷ˼ɺɺѾȴֲԸŮӶ֡
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϶ǽҪɱ㣬ǡ˵ɺɺȴ˵ȥˣ´ģıߵˣȴǰ
Ǿඣ϶ָһϸ˪
Ҷڹﶼһˣ˲Ҳˣңɱ


397 ӵİ
ǰ׸硭״硣ɺɺЩѰ׸ѿڶҪƸ˷С
˭϶ʵеɱ⣬ȻҶһ޶
µĹӡɺɺæشͬʱϣҶ϶Ϊͷ֡
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仰֮ǰǸҰèϷŪĴ̿˵ģ˵̱֮Ͷ˺ɸֵĿ⡣ȻĻָʹ´Ҷ֪ôһ˵ɾͱֱӳһˡ
ȻвϣҶ˵ûʲô֮ǰĳԹѽ£Ƴһû취⣬Ҳںһ³
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ԣҶüͷĸֻɺɺϲ쿴Ů˼ֱǸӣ
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Ҳߡĺ´̿ҡҡͷǸĺӡ
ҶüһֻۣһξĻᡣ
Ҷ絶Ŀӣ߻һʶ˺һ޺׳־æͷĵߣߡ
˵գҪתȥ
ǣҶȴס˵ֻһξĻᡣ
Ҿˣߣ̾ߡ´̿Ҫ
ˣղѾѻľˡ
Ҷƽڣ˵ȴȻ֣һƬǰӦûüֱӱɳȥ
һѪڿлĻȣ֮£վû
γ֣Ҷ첢ûʹȫΪǸȫʬ
֮ҪΪôôһֵĿأ֮ҪɱΪǷֵ塣
һԶԵĲˡ
˲ʹԭͿļ̱̿һƴƣ
ϰΪ𣡡Դĺ´̿͸ߺһɺͰ֮ͬĵһ˳
Ҷû˿ֻĶߵʱƷԵʴȾǶԼ̵Ŀԣԥĳˡ
飡
⵴һâֳһƣǰǸ´̿ؿ̳һѪǰؼըѪˡ
Ⱥ̿ͣϰɺɺһҲֻ˶ѡʼʱҶˣնɱˣԳ˰˱ֻʣˡ
ǵʵĶʦңҶ߶ʦ綨֮ƺ̫࣬ȴ֣Ҷ£Ǹһغ϶߲ȥ
飡
죬˵ǲѴ֮ģҶ㽫Ҳɹ
ͨͨ
˵ʬˤڵأƵ
бţɺɺͰĿǰһĻգۼɱĶʦҶʵлҪµĶࡣ
ңƺϸڹ棬ɱǾԲˡĶ顣οǼ˻Ƕµĵӡ
ʲô
õƸƺͷץѱԯҲ޷סҶ
ЩƺҶ˿ļɵڶֵʱ۾ûգһ¡ҷ𣬶ңҲ
Ҷ졭ɱǣɺɺʬ巢˺һ˿ѹ̱ɥŸ
׸磬鰡Ҷֻ꣬Ҫϴ϶ֵġ
׸磬㻹Ÿʲô㰡
ɺɺһ·ǰ˿Ҳ˲עƺˣһһ׸ĺţҪ¡
Ǻйǰ㣬վҶֱӣͺԼһ㡣
ǽģҶɱѾʼˣΪ˽Ҷ죬ͬģҲ֪ԼЩʲô
ְɡ۾üͷ
Ҷ컺ǰۣʲôҪ˵ʲôҪ顣
ûСĻش𼸺ûоκοǣǹϼ
ԣһԵɺɺȻᣬͷȻûаԼϡΪΪԼ飬ʱԼȪڿԭһеһУֻһöѡ
ǲǴûС
ɺɺĻû˵꣬ѾӣΪһϲû
仰һڣҶ춼üͷû뵽ֻԲֵܣȻˣ
Ķ
϶ȻǷɺɺ˿Ʋסͷŭǰžһڰָۡ
֮ȴٺٵЦЦЩƺ
϶ΪҶһӣ̫ˣ˶һ˼ǨҷȰһ䣬պСЩԼԺ˼Ǯء
ž
϶һȥ֮ЩֱӰѰͷ­顣
ۣ
һѪ
˵ʹˣȻͷԻǲŹκϵĹᣬԼѾ֮Ҫʱ֮ǰ񶾵϶
ʣôһ˫Ѫ˫۽ס϶ֵ֮Ҳƣúɣ
϶ǴＷ⼸֣Կ˵˿Ҷ졣յѣԥĽ˺顣
ûҾɱҰЦţĿ衣
Ҿ͡
ৣ
϶˵һ룬ͻȻߴʶĲܣһ⼸ǲŲɹ
Ťͷȥɺɺˡ
һûܳɹɺɺҲʧķЦ
׸磬ζңҶϣΪЩʲô˾Ҵ㣬ȻɱҲҪգɺɺĲЦҹޣ˵ʮ֯}ˡ


398 ɢ
ɺɺĻҶ϶ʱݣҲƷΣ԰굹ǲ٣˶һۣ˷ȥͷ
飬ʲô
˭룬ȴ˿飬ͺɺɺûаëǮϵ
㻹ô϶ʵ
ԺٺЦô᲻أҳҲĹΣʱǣǺǣΪҲ֪ôʵѪҺжôۻ࣡
Ǹ䲻ϡˡ֣ʵ˶ѣƺøղŵĻֶݺݵĲһ䡣
°Ǳ֣֮ԼȻҲһ㣬˵޹˼ɣʱ϶ҶЩ˺ۡ
Ҷ죬϶Ǳ˵Ѿˣɣպ϶ΪǿյϾһΰɡɺɺȻģܰζȴʼΪȡһ
ӣɵѵǲңݺݵ˵ţֿҶˣҪɱҪиϽһЩѾȲˣ
ԣҶϱ㱻һ㺮˪֣Ȼû濼ǹŰһڸĵ̬ȴá
ѵ˵ֵܡ廹һֵý飿
֮ǰͰദ˸оСЩЩûе֮⣬Ҳûʲô˵⡣տӲǵСֻ֮ǰûʲôѣƷʵǴ⡣
㻹ʲôҪôҶʵ˵Ѿһˣʹ˶ܣҲҪȥĻҺпܻΪ
ЦһûУǣȺ˲ú
ЦķǰĿ񻶡ɺɺ״ᣬȻĴȴʮ־޴
һ£һΪŮӣĸǶôǿҡ
Ҷ죬ˡɺɺ˵ҶűߣһΣϵĿ֮ɫް١
ҶܿɺɺĿ⣬ˣҲҶȴѾ²ȥ֡ȴԲܷŹ
㡭
ֻҪҪʲôҶԸ⡣ɺɺе˵ؿھҿ԰ȥԸ
˵ˣﲻæҶ
ܵģ˼ҿɫɺɺ·𿴵һ˿ϣ
ԣҶ΢΢üɺɺ˵ĻмֵһҲĿһ¡
Ȼɺɺȥɫֱӵ飬ȴԴΪý飬ƵͷץסİѱȻúýѵһ٣ưͳԻп˵
㡭ͬˣɺɺϣʵ
ҶҡҡͷǾ仰
뿪ˣϾߣҹ뿪ƺڡ
˵꣬Ҷ쿴϶϶ⷵСé֮С
Ƭ̺϶Сé߳Ѿһɺɺǰߣ߰ɣмϴлƽʮӦùܳʱĻˡ
Ҷ첻ٶȿ϶ʲôŮղŵ˼ֻ϶ɺɺЩѡû뵽ȻɺɺôҶ֪ʮƽ𣬼϶ȫƲ
߰ɣԺ漰£СҪ׼һЩ϶˵Ȼûʲô飬ȴһȰοС
ʲô˼˼ඣЦЦ˺һֵΣǸɵǿô˳Գĵĸң
྿Ŀġ
Ҷ˫ȭʱճ죬ǽڴɫɼŭ֮ʢ
㣬Ȼ˱ͶҶȻǰһѾסڣʵѵ˵ûһֵ𣡡
ֵܣֵʲôãڱҶ̫߬Щ͸ǴЦֹ˵仰ʱȴһ˿ײĿɬ
Ҳ˵Ψһֵܰɡ
ȥҶʢŭ֮»ȭʹֻǲ߹Ǳ۶
ȿȡΪʹͬʱһѪ
ѪҶϣȴ˿ȥᣬ˿˫ŭȻɱ˰浽˶ֵʱȴЩ²ȥ֡
ϾֵܣҶֱڻʱߡ
ˣ᲻ᱯʹ֣һˡ

գҶ컹ѡ˷²ȥ֡Ϊ˶Ϊֵ飬֮޷԰ʹɱ֡
ڻݲġ
ҶڵϣһͨҵĿԣȵԻЦҶ죬Ϊ첻ɱҾͻм㣬ٸһλᣬҪɱһü
ԣɺɺ֣Ҷı⡣Ͻһ߱סҶȣһ߳Űߣ߰
죡Ϊмŭһ󻺻̧ͷҶӼסгһգһԸԴ
ҶԼʢŭ֮³԰֡
סˣһ䱾ʱҲֻҪɱ㣬һúźġָ϶һɫ֮Ը˷Ϊ˽Ҷ졣֪Ҷ˵ɱԼǽ;ԻԼȥ
飡
ҶȻȣһڰؿڣߵɵĹУĿĵ߹Ǳ
շȥ御ټҶὫɱ䣡
ûǸˡסʹȻԶȥߵʱ򻹲ͷƣģ´γǰʱ򣬱ǽƤʱ򣡡
Բѣסˣ˭ټ֮ʱɥ֮աҶŰıӰ˵ͬӴһͷѹֵɢ
϶ɺɺһҶѾŭ£ټ˵ҵ£ƺɽһ
ⳡ𣬾ǳ׽ˣνɢ
ɢıӰҲʧڰҹ֮С
ɺɺȥķƺ꣬ջɫҲ˲ʮֻ꣬ǾŻʲôԭɫƣ촽ɷףһ˿
Ҳ߰ɡ϶˵
ȥġɺɺʧǵĻشţͰ֮ǲҸĵεΡ
Ҷüͷɺɺڰĸ飬ֱǶɺɺķŴ档
ԣɺɺûоôһ죬ҲɺɺҪִʮ
Ϊֱ
ǣˣֵ𡭡
϶ƺҶĸˣǰס֣һ˫תâ飬ƺڿ
Ҷ֮ڶӣƬֻ̺ĵһƬů϶еóһۡ
ֵõģֻҪ϶顣


399 ϻ
ϴεİɱ¼Ѿȥ࣬ȻȻѹȥҶû׷ʱȻҲʲôˡ
ʱ˹Ѿ֪ȥ򣬶ɺɺҶ϶ҹͣƺڵɽš
ɽ·ϱ΢⴩͸ּݲ֮ϣӳӨ
ɽ·᫣Ȼ㲻Уǻᵢ·ٶȡ
˿̣ɽС·ӰζСӱӰŮһУ䶼
еĲ죬ǰ·ŮںţԼСʱ֮һɽۡ
ɽ岻ߣɶѣվɽȴԿԽǰһࡣ
ǰһƬᣬҲ¥￴ȥϡɼǵˣΪʱ̫磬Щյ
ɺɺԺһ㰲һңԺɡҶûлͷ˵
ɺɺ˵ͷʱգ³Թñˣȫȡû뵽ǣҶ϶һ棬Խ͵˴Ҷ컰˼뻹ѾΪźȥ
ʱ϶ƺҲ뿪ڣվû˵ʲôƬֻ̺һ̾
ɺɺ״д֪϶ԼЩԼôԲǣ밵϶û뵽ůȥʱûж࿴һۣЩʱĿеԹ֮˻ǵ㵥꣬ԼһԴ
ллǣģллǡɺɺᣬ˵űҪ¡
϶ǰסҧ֮˵ֻϣպƴԼ
ƴԼ
ɺɺסˣǰΪ˰ϧգȴֻΪйһߣŮ˵γĪıҴݲС
ҪС˫٣ǲưոݵģҡɺɺ˵һ£ΪԺиֳһɵɵڡ
ǸձԼɵȴʼնԼˣ˿̻˵Ŀɰᡣ
ʲô˵գһתҶ첻֪ʱѾعͷ֪ɺɺ֮Ѿʧȥһôֵúڵ顣
ˣҲûʲôҪ˵ֻϣĸðɡɺɺ̾˿֪һôԼˣڲףѾˣزȥˡ
ȻڣǻſůĻǣɺɺʹԼһŮӣֵñȥ𡭡
ûʲôҪ˵ҶʧΪɺɺӦöԶһĽ
ûСɺɺشĺܹϣ漴תȥģֻԼܹ˵ΪҲ䡭
ҶվûǿʲôΪܹɺɺ΢΢鶯ļ򿴳еıꡣһŮ˵һܹҵֵ飬һôҸ顣ǣȴֽ֮͡
ðɣȥɡ
ɺɺ˵ͷعͷʱѾˣϵ΢΢Цݡ
ȻЦĺǿԿԿնϹȥһȫµġֹ۵֮
ԵټԵϣҿ㡭ɺɺƺڷߵƶһŴ

Լһʱ֮Ҷ˳ϻĳ֮ǰ
𽫽꣬ҶٶȻصоһζ
Ȼζ϶ζӳµܣЩڴ뺦¡
ڴڽҪɽֵܶ˼棬ĺԴһ̳һ̳ľˮ
ѾͨϢּҵѾۼſڵȴǸųνֱӽֵпһɿĳͨĵ·
·༷Χ۵ȺҶ뿪϶޺óôҵĴսּ֮ʵΪ۽޺ϻ
ϻּҵǿ󣬵һ֮
һҲԼּҵĲ࣬Ϊ޺üֱƵϻڶּҵʵྐྵ֮
ڿǴݰԵ;Ҳ̽ϢԴȪԴ˿˶һ˷ܣȲҪĦһǸᣬݸ׿ʵȻǺģ
ϾּܹϻȻŪųԲǷ֮ҲͷҲδ֪Ǳ˫ᡢҲпܡ
ԶԶأҶ㿴һϤףϸ滭ױݣвŮǻӡ
˿̻ҲҶ죬æӭˣһǴһ淺˭Ҷ첢ϵá
ҶӣԶԶı㺰ƺҶйһΪҫ飬ҲǶġ
ӣþòԽƯˡҶŲּҶЩʱҲûٺͻӴȤִ˳˲вŮ֮⣬滹ǲ֮ĹϵҲܺá
ȡЦ˼ҡҲŤ󣬾Ȼá˼ҡԳ
ߵǰӱסˣΪҶλŮһˣһ֮
Ǹ˵ŮӱŮӲ࣬ϻȻһŮ͸˵ǸŮˡ
λǣжʵ
ҶģϽɿɲ϶Լϱ
ʶĿ϶ʱֻҲڿԼ۷ź⣬ûҧס촽ͷƺ˵Сӿ԰
⡭λͬʦãҲҪͷɺּּҵˣɺɺҶϽŤĿⲻٺ϶ӡ
ɺɺֺܺŵһƯЦ
ɺɺǳǳһǹȥɺɺˣŮпȶԻһü档
λأ۾ĺܣһ۾ͿŮӺҶĹϵ̫һ㣬ǹһִʵ
ԣҶвϵ˵˵ɰСүүˡ
Ȼ˵͸һ㡣
ֻƤЦⲻЦߵ϶Ȼס϶ļԱ֮Ĺϵ
ǡҶͻȻ֪οڽˡ
϶׼ţҶȴͻȻûգ̺ݺݵҶŤһѡ
Ҷʹ죬æϴϴ󣡡
ȻشĲ̫⣬϶̵ģϾϴƺ˵⣬˽Ҷ죬Ҷֳ˵ʲô֮Ļһѵ顣
ŶӻЦԭϴϴá
϶Ц뻪ӻһͬʱݺݵҶһۡ
ҶȻǽп಻ⶼĸİԵӴء
϶ƺŹԼҶϽ˻⣬ֳܵҲЩܼҸǰĺߵļŭʵɺôӭң
ҶദһʱȻҲ֪ҶԸ񣬵Ȼᵱ£ЦŻصǲӭ㣬иҪء
ʲô±ҪҶʵ
СпڸˣλΪ³أЦ˵ڸֵʱء
ңŶӲһ䡣
ԣҶһϲϾɵɳתһ룬ӵĻȴоһ˿ı


400 ƹѲ
ܿ죬һ˱صּңһˮ鿣ɽѵȴſڡ
²֮ȻⲻһɣɽҶ쳩򱻰ȴϯ
Լķ֮һʱּ֮ҼͷĴӳϵЦȴʮֿ
˿Ƕֵĺлڵӣһʱ䶼զ࣬˵ּҼ
ּҼӹɵϻһˡ
Ҷ죬ˡǰҶһܱʱǼƺϵʵĺܡ
ҶĿһۣն䵽ҵ·ˡ
һ£ƺ˵Ҿǹġ
ϯ䣬Ȼⲻ˿³ȵζȷʵҹά
ӺԵ͵˶಻ѣþòȥꡣ壬Եǽһ㣬ΪϾԼ˲ӣԼҲøԼһӡ
˰ѾԻ嵱³ŵɺɺּҾ͸ԼһԺӡ
Ҷæ˵˼ɺɺСүүࡣ
ŭôϣ
˹Ц˵ȷʵ̫ᡣ
ҵһ֣彫ɺɺΪŮȻǽԴϲ
˴βԶΪľǸɺɺѰһõܹ˷ĵİ֮ɣҶ϶Ҳһ
֮ɣһЩ߰Ȥ£˵˵ţ֪˭ͷȻ޺ϡ
ᵽ⣬ɽЩܻ䣬ƺʲô֮
ǲҵ˰ɣҶװá
ôᣬֻûҪǣжѡ˵
ʲôʲôϵ˵ɺɺҪָշءҶ뿪Ц˵
˼䣬ʵֲҶ죬ֻܴʵ˵
ԭּǰ޺ն𣬶ҽʧʵⱾһĵĺϢºսʱȴ֣ѾƱе޺ʬ徹ȻС
¶ʱһӰȻ˵޺η壬ּҷù㲼ϻСķüǾȫ֮ҲԵֵ޺
ң޺һִľӪ޺ñ٣Ѿνǹ¼ҹ޺֮ǣǱȻΪ
ֲĵ˵ǾԽʲôʲôԽ
Ȼ޺ʧٵһºּϻ򱱵һűһҹ֮䣬ǰȥ
ּҵķöϢҪ;һԻ裬ϢеʱּҷѾ̱˵ɥʧжˡ
ȻЩ˶ǵصһЩӹСּͳ¾ּҵҲǼӰ졣
ܿģּҵıͶµıӻ̶
Ϊ£˼գȻһϵеľʹ޺óȻ֣δ׽
رգϻƵ˵Ƿ޺Ӱ
´еõ˼ӣϻôҲǷԲӣЩټҪѰ޺ֱڴ룬һԤʾ޺ϻĳö֡
ϻּҹߴʵ߲ľǣΪʦڡ
¹лٶʮˣʦ綨ûдﵽ޺ͻϮƾһֻ֮ձȫߡ
ǴϻϵּóҪϻãҲҪһʱ䣬ͷ۵顣
ңּңܹѹ޺Ҳһ˶ѡǿһս֮Ҳˡ
Ϊһ֮ܲöԸϻ֧ԮĻ޺ûǳûּó֣Ǻǲ롣
Ȼôˣͬʯ٣ּȡ޺ƺǺܺ㡣
ЩҶ¶˼֮ɫ
ȻڿǷ˼ԼٶܷڶʱڸϻãҪ޺
Ҷɫ֪϶г֮ģ̿ڵҶ죬㲻Ҫ֣нİ취
ԣҶЦһЦû˵ף˷ȴʧǵıѾͷöʱȴ˵ʲôнİ취޷Ϊ˲ԼϽ̯ˮѡ
Ͼ޺ѾƵ״̬Ҷǰ;ϳκ⣬ּҽ
ȴ֪Ҷȫʵ֪ҶѪҺ͸ǿѧıſܶࡣ
ҶڲǰͻƵ߶ʦ綨ֱڽ綨϶޺Ҷ컹ۿ޺սݣȻ͸ɽδԼѧϰۿ鱦ͨѧƪ۵Ķѧǿг̶ȣгϽ޺ս壬аҵڡ
Ҷɫ˿ɽѶƱҪ飬˵棬ǸϽתĿ꣬ϣҵͻƿڡ
ͻƿڣȻ϶˭óŮӺҶĹϵܲһ㡣
ʵҲǷΪҶϯ϶в֮ĸھٶѾ֤֮İ¹ϵ
϶С㣬ġҪڡ
ּҶҿɹܲŶ϶˭˽Ҷ죬ȻϣҶ췸գףҶѸı䡣
ܲˣĲţΪҶ϶ʵ̫ˣ˵㣬ֱźһ㡣
Ȼ֪Ҷ챻ӡݺ飬ΪҶһ޹ϵĻɫء
Ĺܲˣˡ϶˵俴ӣɫ˼Բȡ⡭
һЦһʱʱȥҶ졣
ҶһΣѻץһ٣ԽԽڣҲֻ˵̫ˡ
ˣҰȰһȰɣûгЧɲұ֤϶廹뿪ڣǴ
ʱҶڶԻӼüŪۣ˼Ȼ˷һҷһ˼롣
϶ɾͱζһ˫ˮĴ͵Ҷ죬Ҷ״ͷޱȣ¿ǳױɻʺҲʺˡ
ּȥá϶˿̵˼ѾȰ˵ϣʵҲûҪȰ˵Ҷ졣ȻδҶԻʲô뷨ָоʵܵĽ
˵ӦӦȥҶ췴ʵеϣҸֺ϶
˭㡣϶һۡ
ҲȥˡҶڨЦ˵
ȥ϶ְһۡ
治ȥˡҶڨЦ
Ҷģ϶Ҳ˴룬ҲοҶ컹ֺú
Ҷ첻ټҪȥãɽֵһúɢϯסһ糣

ҹһӰּңϻȥ


401 ʧ
ּ󣬵ҶôҲסһʱ䣬ԶԵλûȽϤһ·ֻͬԳǰýݣӰ˸ܿлĿ⣬մһǽɹǱּҡ
ǽͷҶ첻ҡͷЦǰæֱûʲô𡣡
ʵĴϲҹǱΪϯ֮ʱ͹Ҷ죬ֱҶ߻زա
ˣȴɲģֱҶ췿ǰһԻרſ㳹׷ġ
Ҷ˵ҪܿЩʵֻʿǻĻֱ׾١ңȾʱˣ˸ۣͺȣǱ߱⣬Եô˿̣˿û⡣
ȻǷƽʱȻǲôϾȾƾҪȸҴŻȸë
βͬĵҪּ飬ԲŻ²ߡ
ЩԲסǵʢˡҶεҡҡͷͷǸоֵֹġϾǰ˶ǺˣȴҪ٣ǿɱ̾
׿ЩҶ·ϻԲϵǧͨ˵Ҫϼ·̡֮˵ҲҪһʱܵҶ˵ûôˣȫ̷Ʋձɵ
ȻҪһĴۣԪΪֵ飬˿ĸȫӯԴԸ޺Ҳһս֮
ο޺Ǽ¸Ͳ˿ֵͷ

ҶӰͬһ⣬ֻ˫֮⣬̤ʩչ£·Եľɿţ
Լһʱ֮ҶһδȵľƹЪϾǧȫԪϢʹҲܲˡ
ҶڴСһᣬҪһ裬Ȼٶ·
֮ûкȾƣΪڵֻܿ⣬ǾˮȴʵʵУĺȲˡ裬Ϊ˵ֻЪǲӣ֮Ҷֻõһˮûһڡ
ٶ·ٶȸ죬һҶûϢֱĿĵء
ϻϻĵϲҪ䲻٣ν䣬ҲֻԶԡ
Ľֵرң·ԵľջҲ٣ֻģϲһЩ
Ҷּҳʱǰҹʱ֣ʱĸ·ʱѾ콫
ǺܺãȻ͸ȴֻǼƣ󲿷ֶסȥĵһ꣬ת
Ҷվڽֿȥֵ˲࣬żȻɼũͲ֮⣬һˡ
ԣּϻķùߴֻ֮һģ֮
ϲ֪ôҶסһŸӵʵ
ߴһ鲼ѣ紦ѾĥʮأпҲѾǳԿΪĲ
ðһֱߣò˶Զܿˡߴһñӣǿʱɹ֮á
ָָǰԶһսǽֵЩɳƣƺпȴ
ҶͷлͳУȻ󷽲ȥ
˵ҶսȻһ·ֱԼСʱǲͷԷѾ٣ǰֻСҲûõֻƬܡ
˿ҶЩԣͣסŲʼߵϸ
һѮߣڴñӵڵԲܿòֻܿư˿ͷɢ¡ƾ֮ϵĦʮءеĸҲ⼣߰ߣпھʮ
һ߸˵ĵһӡ϶ǿ򣬲ϸ˼Ÿˡ
о֮һɣĥ󿳲񹤡
ߵĸпѾʮأЩϳһͷﶼĥƵĲô
ңһȴŴñӣѵʱͲô
Ȼƽʱ·֮ãɽ㲻䣬Բȣñӵĳ֣Щˡ
Уּҷãϻ˵Ѿ൱׵ǻĿϷڼһʳλõʱѵӦЩӦô
ǸȴǲΪȻƺҶӦʳõķλһ㣬ƭҶ졣
ЩۺҶվѣ⣬Ǹ߾ͱ޺ɣ
뵽Ҷ췴׷ԶǧΪľѰȴ֮
ԣȻ˼仰
ʹҶһθоԼ̱衭
ԽԽߣҶ첻ɼӿŲǷ۵糸һ㡣
ԭ·׷˴һյʱ䣬ҶͻȻͦסŲȻλ˼޺ڵ֪ǿǰ׷ɱԼ֮󣬸ôķӦ
ʣ˵˼϶ߡҶ޺ǳˣܣ÷
ȻֻҶ۲²⣬ڶĲʣǳ֮±ҪǳԴ
ڷ޺֮䣬Ҷѡѹںϡ
޺ֱߣƾҶٶҪ׷ʲô£ΪҪʹѧʮ֮Ҷи֪
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Ȼ¾ߣôֻʣһ飬Ǿ޺֮ǰϵãܾļԱ
֮ǰ˵ּҵĸϵϻںܳȻĴڣʸ˱ɵ֪λá
˵Ҳ֪Ҷ̫û̫Ȼһ޺αװɵĲ򣬵ȴƫƫĴ⣬ƭװ˷Сʱʱ䡣
ƺղŵҶӰһҵ·֮һ긾Ůܻ𳵵ĺ֣϶ˡ
ȥðСˣ긾ŮƺµĲǡְͨҵĻԣҲ˵ùȥֻͿĨ̷۸һ㣬һַ糾֮
Ҷ챻ﲨϵɨĺһʵûΪָ·
Ŵ֣긾ŮƺͲˣҶһֶۣŵū˵һʲôٴҶ졣
ҶʱֻޱȣҲǣĸŮԸⱻ˽гɴ㡣
ҶΪԼĴĴ̾˿ת뿪
ȵȣСߡ긾ŮͻȻסǰƵͣװ۰˵㣬ýұ㡣
Ҷüͷ΢壬ʵûĺ긾Ůг䲻࣬Ҹ·Ļʲô¡
ҶҪȥ긾Ůʱˣ첽ǰסȥ·ղŵķ糾֮ɫȴѾһɨա
СֵƾΪΣ첻˵԰Ȼȥ긾Ů˫˸⣬ϾȻɢһơ
ҶһüۣĵѲ޺


402 
ôɱҪˣҶЦɨһۣԷ֮޺Ҷ첻ֱɨ
Ȼʱ䣬ǷܣҶ췴еϢͻ©ȥ
ǺǣС˵ЦֻҼᣬôóϹϵ긾ŮҲһĲмʮ߰ҪѰãΪıݲ¡Ͼּϻ죬ΪϻãԶϻϵãϸ߻ʵԶﵱνһ˵ȥ൱Ĳ¡
ǺǣҺóϹϵҶаЦһ˵֮ʲôϵǾڴý֮ʱˡ
ЦҪȥõȰ㻹İɣһ͹ˡ긾ŮӵЦһҶ졣
ԣҶüͷһ壬ʵ˼֮ˣ
ȻΪ긾Ů⡣
ٴǰã
˭ֵԼ˭긾ŮΪԼָ
Ҷͫ΢Ȳʶ֮Ƿ򣬲һŮ˵ķϾͲּƽˡ
ƽϹ鲻ƽϣһвǷǳбҪģƵҶ죬ƲҶͲ··ĺпܾø
뵽Ҷٲ໰ٳƣָצ긾Ůץȥ
긾ŮȻ۸ڶܹͷĿҪλҲһʵѧģ룬ʵѴĶʦڡ
ĶʦʲôϻѾڶС
ĶʦڶҶ˵ֱǿֱֻ۱ǣȻӦӦվ죬ŲŶѱҶס
ҶһʱѾ긾Ůʮɿ⡣
⡭긾ŮĿɿڴǰסԼֱֵ֣Լضûоͻ
ǡ
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긾Ů۾һ󷭹жݶٵķ
ʵ֮ǿͨһҪ˼ȵѰãɶʲôɸ˵ܡҪǣ޺ƵϻƱҪ֡ڹϳ֡
Īǡ
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Ҷüɫӵĵ跸ˣ
긾Ůûд𰸣ֻǽĶҶ죬ɫĪ⣬ƺ˽ս
㣬˾ˣҶ켱еĴߴٵ
ͻȻ긾Ůϵı鶨ڴȻ֮ϣֻһշ糾֮ɫЦߺߣҪҳãûţ
ĸİҶһô˿̣Ҳ׹Էõߣ⼸޺ȷѪѾľԱǰԼ޺Ԯˡ
Ҷ̾˿˵ļԲȶʼʱΪ˽ʡʱ䣬Լûнڷˡ˵긾ŮѹֻΪͷĿôҪĸλûĿ
ҽҶ죬ûУҶǰʱϻֳ˲Сķ粨Ϊϻ֮ˣӦöԼŰɡ
Ҷ졭긾Ůɫ˿ûзɣ֣Щӡ
ǰʱȺӢǸҶ죬½ԡҶһ䡣
˿ɫѾҲʼ࣬λǽֵ룬Ѿк֮ͽΧϹۿ
סСզζôأȻԻﶯֶš
㿴ڳǸƣСĵˣⲻ˰һ򡣡
Ҳ֣ƽʱϲţ۲ݵ𡣡
ΧȺ࣬ȻΪҶССͲѧã˻Ķռ˼ҵıˣŻᵼŵĳ档
Χ۵࣬ԲǺӣȻСۣӵùҶĶ䡣
ң˼һһȻ׼ֵɫԼȴΪЩ֪ȺڿȷСåСƤʡ
ƺҶ죬ú롣ҶϾ٣Ȼ˺ܶ飬ڴɱɱɫʱЩ졣
סƺСƤС
ǰǰţᴵƺڡ˭Ű
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һһ䣬Ҷͷޱȣ㣬ϾסҶһҲǺõģӣ޺õԮ֣Լɾˡ
˵ѣѣҶ˵ָ΢һһiС
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˿Ҳ˲ЩˣǰٶסȻ˵ͨǾֻǿˡ
ǿˣǿˡ
컯գСӻûеԣ
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ôĿ
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ޣС治֪ߵغϻּ󣬻ݲҰ
Ⱥ鼤ܣҶһŭҲ˲ЩˣֱסȻץһˣ·
Ǽһﱾ˵ֻоһɴӿ׵ľͳҶǰʱ亹ֻſڻȴķ
Ҷ죬ǡҶ졭˿ڷϾЩʶһλԵɺ˵ң˿ҲҶ֡
ϻ²˳٣ǰȥãҶһȻſ˸ղץǸΧߡ
⣬˻صȺΧ˼һɫҲŲԵĶҶ߿
ʲô򣿡Ҷʵ
ﻹЩ㵣Ҷڳ𣬲ּҺ޺ĸƵģһƺĴпܳΪƺһ֮˵Ĵ
ƽɶǴҿ̸ʣû뵽쾹ĳǰһô룬Լ
ȻѾʮ꣬˿Ǵķģֱǰ㣬ͷһĹĶһķڡ
һֱҶüʵɲߴһΣþûˡ
Ҵȥﾪ㵹ʼ˷ܣסҶ죬񱼶ȥ
ѧͨ˵سɴӰһţֻ½ֵһ󾪺֮


403 ˼޳
һ·ϵٶͨνǷ۵糸֪ǻԼͨϰѧƷ̫֮ͣձҶԤУٶʵ̫ˡ
·̺ԶܸôҶʵ
߷ԣΪ˾ϳʱ䣬νî˾ƽʱܶٶȣҶȴ׸
ڷ̫󣬻ﲢûҶĻֻԼµţǱȱȻҲ֪˵Щʲô
Ҷ΢΢üʱȣѾôã¿νȥһпܶһɥ
ͣ£ָ·ԼУơҶס˻ڷǰĻ
һҶĻһʧͲȻ˵õλá
Ҷ֮лǰҺãþ˵Ѿ̫Զʱʱ㹻
˻ٶȣҶȻչɫûϰʱõѾǰ
ǰһլԺĽǰԼ֮޺ѾҴɱ䡣
˵λһɽ֮УصĻ㲻汻ɽ껷ƣΨͨĴš
ѹĹ죬̾˵صɽɽ˱ּҸԱռȵڴ˳á
ѹʵסŶԣܹ֮޺Ĵڣֱӵ˴˵طǵѹһ׽ľ档
ҶüԽĺɱԽ죬Ѿ޺ڸշѹʽĻɱ
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һƵլһȫ᷿Щƣʮ᷿ÿ᷿ӿҡ
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ˡ
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޺мЦʲô
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ʤ㾹ַ˵ֶĥкҶоԼڴԣ޺ԴҲζ
ԣ޺ƺƽҶɭһЦصλ֮ϣڵʵĻ˵ʵϷվ̫ˡ
ҶԷɣѾ޿̡ɺ˵ȥ»᲻˺ֱӽ֮ɱ
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ˡ
Ҷͷһ˵𡭡ƺڣԶеĻͻʹɣñ⻹Ҫֶ
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ƺмѧơ˱ֶΣô˵Ϊʲôأ
ҶȻѣȻǼѪҶ壬ڵſҶͷ­ըѣ
Ҫʧˣ


404 
޺˵֮һֱҶЦϴμʱеɷ֮еò˿̾˵ɭɲ
޺ҲʮˣϺƣһ˫ԴǣʣµģȴǷͲ̵Ŀ⡣
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ʱһţпصİ;ȻδϡѪȻ׾壬Ҫﵽͷ­ըĳ̶ȣҪһʱġ
ңڳ֮ȻʵߣôҲûԪͨˣѪν֮Ǽǳڿ־ıҲȫֿԪѪڡ
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ΪѪενǳֲĳɳʽûʳѪҺ֮ǰСܲױ֣ԷСͨ˸޴ӷ֮˶Ǳ֮
ң⻹µĵطҶ۲죬ЩѪξŷǳµķֳǵķֳҪżȻʳѪҺﵽٽʱѣȻڱ嵽ʮֻȵѪΡ
飡
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ʵҶҲûа취ɱ޺ܻϻֶ򣬵ɱĺ϶Ǹӡ
ֻѡ֣ϾѪλһ߿ܣ޺Ϊ룬ѪҲԶ֡
ҪһѣȺӢ¥ǰһѣƸ۵ƣöԷЭϾʵ޺Эɡ
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飡
ȥ;һɶʯײУʯʱɢըѡ
½ԣҶŤͷȥֻ½Լ
ԡҶͻȻоЩԾΪ½Ե˫пն񣬶жҲΪӲһʬ⣡
תͷٿ޺ֻ˫Ŀ΢ϣڴ΢ƺдʡ
ѵǿҶͷһ鱦ͨϼڿļأصֶβܹѧ֮У޷󷨡аݣڶеһֶΡ
Ҫãܹ֮˲ٿأʹ֮ﵽǰǿȻ޷ʹǰѧѧ䱾ȴԵѧ
û뵽Ȼ˿Ҷ찵ԾȣѪΣһ˿޺Բ򵥡
Ǳߣ޺ͻȻһ
½ԭն˫۾Ȼð˿˿ң˶ʱɢһֹа

޴ȭͷͬǰռƺΪ֮˺ѣƾȻ׺ˡ
˷ڶüĵûʱѹĹ죬Ѫ͹ֱӱ
ҶƮȻˣͷڲѣղ޺ʩʱֹҲʩչɹ
Ȼ½ԲܶճʲôʵԵвɷϵģһΪ鷳Ĵڡ
ңҶã޺ڹʱ䣬ƺһı


405 пʵ

½ԷһްĺУ˫еĺ̹ӿѪȵĳ棬˵ǹǳ
Ǳߣ޺ƺѾ˿ʩȻԺȥ
ʱͷƳҶһۣɭ
ߣҶһ׷ȥӰŶ½Ѿһ˫ǰȭ磬Ȼư쫷
ҶָоԺ޺̣Ҳһһװ֮ɱ뿪롣
½ſڣҪȥҪôҪôӲ
ݶٵ˼ǹҶѡӲҪɱѾħĴͷһ򵥵顣
ǣŵǰ쫷иܵޱȵľǷһΣƤʹޱȣ˺Ѱĸо
Ҷͷһݣٺˡְ쫷У¿˺κһʦ綨ߡ
ȻҶͳѪܶѿͳ綨ǿߣǲС쫷硣ܲˣɥǰࡣ£Խǳ嶯Խһǧ
ҶѸ侲½Ѿʧȥʶֻܵ޺ĲݣҶ۲죬õƺֻסŲҶڣ⵹ǸҶһĻ侲ơ
½֮ǿѾԶ׼Ŀǰ޺ʹÿȲѣԺеδ֪ɱǲ׶á
޺ø֮ȫԽ֮˵ʹֶһĸأңɰҲδؾʮþȡ
ˡ
Ժҵ죬Ҷ˼·űϣֱĳԻĹŵĶħѣȻ죬ȴ˲
󣬳˲ţЩѪԺĻǶʱʹ
ǵ˫͹ţŵϴȫ뵽һּ޵Ŀ־嵱УǱס
ҶɻĿǣʲôȻЩƵܹ֮ǵµĿ־뵽Ŀ־嵱Уѵ񶯵
ȻԲǡ
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һǽ֮Ժе׷ʲô
ͻȻҶȻѡеѪζһŰޱȵĴһʲô
ѵǡѪΣ
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˿̣Ҷ쾹ȻҲܵһ˿־壬ԺĲоѪΣұ޺ѵĻ˵ϻﶼܵһǰδеĺƽ١
ѵ޺ײԸ⽫֮չ¶ԭô
ѪһԲﲻ֪Ҫж
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ˡ
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ǰ޺ƵǵķϣӦҲԵȥѾѪΡ
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Ҷ켸˲˾һ߸һбȻĪȻ޺øּҼ¾ҲΨһ취
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˵޺һ٣Ҷ쿴ĺԺУ˫ۻָ˻ǣϣȻȻᡣ
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ƿأΨһ;
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һ̣ҶͻȻеҪı硣
Ҳͬʱһ飬û㹻ʵ֮ǰνĻ£ֻһ޴뷨ѡģҲǽģֻоߵѶѡ


406 նɱ½
ߣ𽥸ŨƲ㱻͸ɫĹԱء
Ҷ̧ͷ˿գζӳ£һʱĸоЩ
Ժ޺ٶȴҶ죬˵ЩΪŹҡ㣬ǸĻ̬ѣ϶壬ʵǰƨ磡
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Ǻǣл̸ϣҲֻһԴǶѣĽΪ˱𣬸̸죬Ҳҿִñӡ
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һˣԼѵ޷̸ʲôΪء
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һ䣬½Աƺܵĳصٻһ㣬˫жʱӿֳḷֻ́˲䣬ȻͰߴһɵΧ
Ҷ˫һ⣬֪½Ѿõµɱ

½Կһ˫͵һŵ棬޴ڿն
һԾȻﵽ֮ߣڰգȻһźɫƣѹ֮С
Ҷ첱΢ľ棬ĳ̶ֳ˵νյľ档½ѾǿȴֻһʼԺδ֪ķ·ԻĹŵǲĶ֡

񱩵˴Ϸ£ֱҶ

ҶҲʺһĶֻ৵һξȻƾʧһ㡣
Ȼֻ̤ʩչµļͻѡ
һ̣Ҷ˸ŽսףĻĹϢѪ֮
֮ǰؼҶԵʱ򵽵ģֻʱ֪Ҳ޷Ŀƣھ⼸µ⣬Ѿܹȫƿء
貣ƵΧﶼԶԶռƺѹŤЩȻҲ޴ӽ
ҶԾĶԪӦ֣ξǲͬ߻⣬Χ廤ڵС
½ƺоܵвǰ㣬ļĿϾѾʶȻǿ֮ڰգ޷Ťת档
ֻҶȻƣӵĽ⾹ȻͥԺһƬĿһ죬һɰԵ֮ϯȥ
£౾ûʲôֿ֮ĻʱܵʮӰɳȥ໹ûҵѪθ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
䣡
½Ըߴɳȥصײǽϣʯǽ˲
ҶƮȻأ˵ʵŶطڿ½ԵһɲǣǴӻںиܵĪѹ

ײٵʯǽһ̮׽½Ծް԰Ӱ档
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ҶΪףûϾԺֻһǽ֮ǶǽѾ̮޺ɱҪ֡
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ߵһ״ֱۣͬɫѪ죬ȻѪεۡ
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Ҷͷһ½Լһƣû뵽ٶȻȻ˿ûܵӰ죬Ҫ֪ͳǿߣӲҶղһҲѰȻ
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һ½ԺĿţһֱӱڵ֮ϣ޴£ʹõ涼Ϊ֮һ
ǰ֮Ҷ켸Ǻͣļ֣ԱӡУŵǸεߵӺȥ
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䣡
޴ը˶ۣ֮ڰƣԱӡν֮ȻûоƵһΪҶǿɱﵵǿṥʽҲԲǺóܵĴڡ
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½ƺܵش˻ߵĺһҵĲ·ֱϣҶ춼Ʒȥ
Ҷ쵹ɵĹзΣΪ֪޺᲻͵ϮԼ
ɲίʵǿ󣬾ȻҶʮ֮ԶڶطĴڣûܶҶʲô˺ֻǰ߿նѡ
߿УҶΣ·ٴαŨŨ֣½Ρ
ΣԱӡĶ˺˷ѡ
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Ҷ챩һͬһʱ̣·ٶȴը죬ӿϣҶϸߵĸ졣
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һΣ½Ժеĸӿ꣬ܵ˼صĴˡ
Ƭ̺ҶƮȻأʱѾɢղŰԱӡĵطȻһĴӡ
У½Ѿԭòܹģֻʣһ̯
Ժʯ嶼飬лʹǣҲֹͣʹ࡭
Ҷͷһⳤɱ¾зݡ
ֻ˲ʹķʽЩѪĥĻ˵ҲһҸɡ


407 Ѫ
ˡ
ҵӺԺдҶ캮üȻ½ԣ֪ĴսŸոտʼ
޺ɱƾֱɸӦõ⽫ҶԵϿĿǿĶ֡
ԺȻһƬɵĻ֮С
Ҷ濴ȡֻƺʹâת͸ֻѪ˸ɷĹâ
ѪΣǽһĴڣֻ۾Ѿﵽֱ۳ֳ̣ȫ˭ôһڣͳǿҲɡ
͹ƣǴҲ˲䱻ѪҺ
⡭ôҶ찵Ծ죬ƪвûἰѪǷ·صգǵĵƺҲֻΪɱ¾Ϳ־ѡ
Ҷ죬ܲҲˣ콫ΪѪѺĵһƷ޺洫֪ΪΣƺЩ˻ơ

˻˻˻
ѪһĹֽУָ߿ͬڻĦ̣˶ʹﾪ¡
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ҶԶԣ֪ѪʲôĹֶΣԲ³ֻѪô򵥡
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пʼǴڲ׹ǡ
ҶһνΪǿȻĿǰԣԿ϶ѪԲǺöԸĴڡȵʣ̳֡
룬첻ʲô˺Ҳһ̽á
뵽ҶӡãָۣԱӡǰ
ӣ貣ͼ֣֮ͬԡ
˿̣ҶڵԴԴϵŰԱӡͣҲϸ΢ȴٶйɵ񶯣ؼԪԴԴϵȡתΪԪһͬڰͼ֮С
ͼʼ˳Ŵ󣬼Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ̴Сֱߡ
ٶȣٹһյʱ䣬Ҷ콫۳ʷΪǿİԱӡ
ȻԷԲһյôʱ䡣
ΪѪϼѾԽѤãɫҲɢ
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ҶͷҺԪͬʱȫֲ߳һɵ顣ڵĸоͺһֻεĴһֽᱻͿյĸоϮͷ
ָоǿУҶѪȴЩ

ͻȻϼֵĺԺУ޺ƺܵʲôص˺һİ
ǰȴûо壬Ԥϵķ
ѵѪѪҺɣҶţϾϾԿԣǽѵ޺ҲδܹԦ

ĴЦͲҵİ֯޺ƺ񣬾ͺʱ궯
Ҷüͷһµ뷨ͷ
΢΢֮ʣǰİͼתٶȻҶ״ٷģæ¼ӿȡ
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ʱԺͻȻһµϼʱʢլԺȫ֣ϵ̫ڱ˹â
ҶͷһѪĸѾͷòƬ̣ѪɷҪˣ
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ΪͬɽܳҲͳˣɷԲ֮ƥеĴڣǽɡ
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ǡǡʱҶȴͻȻоرͬʱһǿϢѸԼӽ
ڱɫϼߣܿ巢ʲô
˿̾ýҲ֪ѪѾѣѾΪѪѺĵһĿꡣ
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ֻ˫Ŀ΢ϣĽ뵽ǰδеĿ֮С˿ĸ֪á
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ѪӺԺֱɫǯȡԼؿڣŸϢҺڵأʱһ죬һưðʴһ׵С
֪һĻҶ˫ٶѾľƣĥ̴СİԱӡȻȥ
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֪ԣΪĳٴʩչͨ
ҶȴĺܣƬɶѤõĲʹⱳȴǾɷ֮
ͺ˾;綾࣬г֮󣬶ϼ⡣
ܿ죬̶ĺֹͣϼ⵭Щ
ѵ˵ˣҶоȣȫûָԼܹѪʲô˺
·ϼһʮɵ֡
ӺԺʼֱӺ˶Ժ棬ϼԴͷӴ塣
˻Ҷ쵹һ˵ʵʮвܾ޴󣬵ȴҪ֪һֻ࣡
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ʲô˼ҶֻͷһԷ˵Ŀоǹ죬Լ䣬ȻһںѪԻĸо
ȻԱ첻ʲô˺Ҳòһʵ·ٶ
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ˣ޺ˣƽ볣죬˵ܹԼ˼ά¡
һǻеĶЩδ֪黽ѡǣͻΪа塭
뵽һ㣬Ҷͷһ䰵֮⣬пܻһǿңǲ࡭


408 ɼ
Ҷ죬ֻϧľ츳
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ˡ
ռֿʼռϡɫϼ⳹ױɢ¶һֱѪݡ
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һҪҶֱӾ͵һֻ·Ũɢȥ¶һ˶
֮ѪΣֻѪ֡ɫ쵣Ѫ˸ɷƥĹâͬһ޴Ĳϳ档
Ҷܿȴ塣ΪһֱӺԺ쵽Ժƺδȫ
ΪʲôݣΪںԺһɫС̳ӣ˿С̳˸ѪɷΣѪδĺȻͲǸѰ̳С̳С
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飡
Ҳͬһʱ̣ߵâ˰Ԫ֮ϣȻ΢һͣ˲㶴˰ԷҶϮ
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ѾǸ߿գ·ܵһ谭ͬʱ·ѪҲһ
̧ͷգֻ׹󣬶Χĵ·޺ϣȴ¶һƾ졣
УҶ챻ҵĽ·ȥͺгҫӲӣư硣
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СӣɲⰡݵľѪָǿ߸еϷŰЦлż
̶УҶ첢ûΪѪιеҡΪĿߵâͲʲôѪҺѡ
Ȼ֪ѪΪʲôѪҶȴĺܣߵѪ̵ֻѪƽĹʽѡ
ѪܹȫҶȻԽ֮ɱҶܵ˽ǿвš
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Ȱ㻹ǲҪνĵֿˣҲʵ˵𻹲ȫƿѪ壬ԡ
˵Ѫһ٣ִֵֿܿһСİΪ촷ۡ
仰ҶһЩʲôⲢѪѣ޺ٿѪҲ˵ѪںϣֵֻǶѡ
Ȼһֿܡ
ǾѪڱͱһ꣬ȻѪǺ޺ʶΪýɹ
һ㣬Ҷ˲ʱһ亹ѪѾǺصĴڣû뵽ֶѪڸӹĪ⡣
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УҶڲٶȴ˲٣Ѿ½ơ
Ҷͷһϲͷֹסȫ̤أӶԶѪԱܿĺ
ҶˡΪͷոճ֣·Ѿһӿ
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ȫˡҶ˫ۣܷһֻܿǿˡ
ৣ
֮ԶƬ̱Ѿ
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ͷɫ㾹ȻʼȻѸٽȻûѣȴգۼͱƵҶ֮ϡ
ȻֻɫѾܲסѪʲôĹʽҶ˵Ǳɡ
ҺȻѪĹѡ

ҶʹһѾܵԽʱ⼷ѹһ
޿ɿܵϮȫͺһֻħ֮ģֻҪһҶᱻ
һ̣ܵԼСڴ֮ǰȻҲŴǿУ󼸺ԼתΪʤ
ڣȻ޵ֿ֮
ңѪ˿Ҷ칥Ҳ޷ʲôʵԵ˺
ʵϾʵ̫࣬ѾҶ޵ĳܷΧ
忪ʼƤھļѹ֮ѪϸܵѪ鲼ȫ
ƺܲסһ㣬ɫâʼѸȥƬ̼֮
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ʱֵ鷢ˣҶڵľ񱻷һ㣬Ȼ޴ߣ֮С
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⳹ɢȥѾƣɫճҺٶȴӳϷڳ˲佫Ҷ·ʴʧ
ѪƺֱɱҶ죬ؼʱȴͷҺסҶͷҲһЩ
ѸһѪڳҶߵС
ͬʱҶ쾭һһ֮󣬱ѵѪӿѪ顭


409 
һ̣ҶҲֿ֪ǺõΪˣֻѪѪҺʵԽܡ
ɵľֻһ˲㱻Ѫͷ·ȳ˱ǵζǺҶȥ
ʱѪȴͻȻҰĲҺָоܵ˼˺һ㡣
񱩵˵Ҷ˫֮УȻĿѰʹУͬʱҲ˲١
ǸоһɣѪĳྐྵȻϳ룬糤ˮ㵹ؿС
һжһ˲֮䣬ѪһɲǣҶȴĿͷϳĽڵİߵ㡣
ʲôҶͷһɣҲֻ˲ѣΪʧʧѪΪλͻȻˣҪץסһĴûᡣ
֮ǰ뼷ѹ˿巢鷢ͣЩʹĸоҺ֮ǰ֮У±Ҫó
ͬȺӥǳٵ̰ӵĺˮ˲ӿ֫ٺͬʱҲҶǿ
Ҷʩչ̤ڿһԺ֮ȥ
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һΣ޺Ѿʮֻͬ׹һǿϢϯ
Ҷڴﵽ޷նеĵز䵽棬ǲͣǰȥ
ԺеĹֱʣɫϼͬһֱĲʺᴩϡϣǸС̳ΪԲģʱʱɢһӿĲ

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Ҷ۵һ³ϴһѪ󱳱ĵطȻ죬ǼǱ۶ϵ
֧֮أǱ٣ǴӽԺɾҪһзϵݶȹˡ
ؼʱ̣Ҷ켱æתԪڼǶ۵һ˲ȥȻס˼ǣʱʧȥж
Ѫƺû˶ǵ޴ֵɫ֮£Ȼȥ
ֱ񷣬᳹أһѹסԲ顣
󲨶Ťռؼ侹ֻʣһƬš
ҶһѪ˿ԣҪԶȴ㡣
ңǿƻѹľƺҪ֮״ݻ١
ҶҡҡͷԵֿľѹȣʵûҡͷĶ
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һ̣ľƬضڲ֮ϳһ޴ĺɫС
Ǻɫͬ޵кڶһ㣬ƺܹһ飬ɫѸȥɫȻ˲ڡ
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飡
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ǧ߰ķӡؼˣԺУѪһѷЦЦ͸˷ܣǴŷĸ
ǧ߰ꡭҶоʲôܹǧ֮߰ãǸֻøħݡ
˵ǧ߰ǰ֮ӡָεͨִҲΪɡ
Сӣû뵽ϾȻм֮Ѫǡñո֮ϵȵѪҺָ̲ͨѪ˵ٶȿЦ
뵱꣬ݺϣսҹشĺҪܵѪΪ⣬еǻĹޡ
ʲôҶһû뵽ħȻͳйһνԷ飬ôҶӦѾΪܴ󴫳µҲɽʧܴӶɽ֮С
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Ҳԣ಻һ仰ôֻءδҶ˵ѪٶȿڣԱѪҵ壬Ҳᱻӡһж⡣ձ֮ѪָʵҲһֲˡ
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Ҷʣ˵￴ǵӰֻһССĺڵ㣬ְȴĿѣۣҲƽһγհ֮ġ
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˿̣Ҷеϣһ˵ķɣ߿ɼĵطȴֻܿһƬǵӰҲƺδڹһ㡣
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ǵӰѪ˶ɣֻҶû뵽ǣȻһھġ
Уƺ΢Цҡҡͷڱ˫ֵͬʱɫƲѹ˹ȥ
ѵǴ˵еļѧƣ


410 ͨ
һ̣·ضҵĽ֣Ѫ˻ߵпĵĿ־֮
ΪɷѪȻִС
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ǰѪƺ۵ӰѾʧǶĵطûܵ˿ƻ
Ҷ֪ƺѾȥѪǻҷξ𣬵Ȼ޴档
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Ҷ󾪣·Ծ֮⣬Ҳܱóƺ۵
һʱ䣬Ҷڷ첽֮ǰĵطȥ
õطͷ̽Ȼɫ鵤ڿݲ֮С


411 ڵ
Ҷ츩֮ʰУûκĸо˺뵽⾹һֻǧǿ̻ڵ
ƺĻѪʾ۴һڵѰ
뵽Ҷ̽ʶ˿˿ƣεķʽڵ̽ȥ
ʶѪڵһ̣һɰʱ궯ҶʶľһҺԥ̹رʶ
գҶ츧˸ͷղӦ죬ڵ̺ǿֳпֱӽΡ
ң⻹Ѿĸҵ£
ڵȻͬ죬ܹԼڣƲֹңʵҪһ
οǰڵѡ
ǻ⸣֮аҶпһ䡣
˴ǰּҳ޺û뵽ƲȻ޺ƵĹǽ˱ӡǧ֮õĸѪ
Ȿһù֮飬ɵΪʱû뵽¾ȻתΪ¡ƺ٣Ҷհķˣһڲаħ֮Ҷڵ
һٰʮȴתۣһĻ¾ȻĪĻԵ
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ȻֻаţҲֻȭͷС̺ʵ̫ԵҶʵǿƲסеϲá
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ҺԣƺѾѪڵеĴ󲿷̺ӰԵ
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ʵ˵ĻͷѪҪɢԱƺֻᣬֱתѧƣͨ쳹ΰϮϣָΪȭͷֱӽѪڵС
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ֻԱڵֻܱһźôĿտǶѡ
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Ҷ쳤ĺһһ۵ˣЩĿǰܴﵽĿ꣬ƶһȴļƻ
ǾǱǿϵıǿ
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Ϊʱ֮ѵ״ҶһЦģõá
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412 ŵ
ϻּҿνǳһȻִУһ¶̫ףοߴ
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ҶĵĺǶģΪ϶ûЩ£֮ǰŻӵͷҲֻΪ׽Ū׽ŪҶѡ
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صּʱѾʱ̣ξ磬ҪھϰҶεķ
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˼ˣȻҪץϻƺڣҶѾȲҪ󷨵ˡ

ʱ֣Ҷ϶ڳɽ֮ǰ
ΰɽ׭̵ɷĴ֣Ҷ첻ԸпƺڡƺۣǰĴɣͨ쳹صͨ
ƺڡҶ찵һ䡣
ʲôˣǰʵһǰƺڿɽŹ¼ӵӣɽ½ӡ
½ӵãǰڴǿɽ֮һЩ񣬲Ҷ֮ͳΪ״ӣȻûо
ƸҶ졣ҶƵĻصЩʦֵܣȻϵ࣬ȴѾӵꡣ
أûҶ죬ͷ϶
ʱһӰԱߵɽӶٶȺܿ죬ת۱㵽ýǰ
ǼŵӶʱ˫۷Ź⣬˵֪һӣǸϽǰλʦİɣ
˲мһȣĶһ󲻾ɨҶһۣʱɫһ䣬ɽȥˡ
ŵҲˣںͷʦߡͣͽ֮ɫԱ
ˡߡ˲֪ĸʦֻ֣ͷҶˣɫʱֺҲǣ֮ǰǼһ̤ѧȥ磬Ҷ϶һһ̨׵ߵɽǰȷʵе󣬱֪ߵغĿŻȷѵӡ
㻰أģ
̬ȿνʮֲòҶɫЩˣƽϣǶ϶С
οǻǿ²˵ҶеΪ֮һ
Ҷ첢û̷쭣Ϊ⼸ŵһ¹ϵӣΪɽ֮ص飬ǣֱǸһȡ
ʵϣŵĳҲô˵ģϾûϵԸЩĿɾͲͬˣûͺƨߵվڡ
ȻǻΪԼأɽŰǶôҪ
ҶѾƺڽһʱˣЩСèĺܣ⼸ɫĵԣﰵЦ
Ҳ룬ƺڣ۰ԷԲ˭ǿɽţǲéô
ңǿǿɽţһСֿܹסôҶ컳ɣƺƺ۵ĸ֪Ѿﵽۿֲĳ̶ȣѪԶôܼʱϵ
Ҫܹӵ￿ƺɽţȻܹڵһʱȻء
˵ͨŮҶġѵһɵñǸ϶˵
ֹʲôأŵӺһ䣬ʮ㡣
СŮľֻͨŮ϶ҶĬ֮Ҷ첻ô˵Ҳ׽Ūһ²˵Сӡ
ͨŮҲˣ֪ʲôطĵط𣿡ͷĿŵ˫һλߵ̬
ⲻƺ𣿡϶װȵʵ
ƺڣĵط˵ʱ˻һ˫´϶Ͼ϶ݾһ˿Ҫġ
ǰˣˣ磬ȻڷȥءҶЦ
ǺǣҾͺԡ϶Ц
ǸðҲػɡҶЦ
ϱһһ䣬Ǽŵһߡ
ιСӣûҺ˵üɫ裬ѵǶŹ˴ͷŵӴϼţӲãһεĵ㲻ƫƫǸСӡ
Ȿҵδޣһ˵Ҷ췴ʵ
ԣǼ˲һȣ˵ôഺľŮȻСӣʻţϣģ˷ѣ
һ˷Ӧܿ죬Ҳô˵׾ɽˣΪ˭ô
ǰɽ֮ǰ״ӡӣǸ߸ϵģ೤϶֣ܿ
ʲôӣҶװɻţȴЦ˻ż׽ŪһЩۿ˵͵ĻɫҲȤ顣


413 Ժ

Է˲䱬ɽХĺЦӶ֪СӴɵһ治֪ôƺڻģһĻơ
˺ԴǣһһĿʼҶ
ӾߣǲǻΪﰡͷǸǰúǸߴ࣬µĸҶ죬һλ̬
ŶҶƶǶĵ˵ͷָ⻪һѾһ
Ǽݵǰǰһ֪ʵô
ǡ˼ʶҪҶǺ֮ϺȻɫ
ơơơ°ͣɽʮ죬״Ӷûһˡ£ȻѵĳǰǿǽкܴʳΪһ֮Ĵڰ
˵ЦҲ˲̣ʲôƺֻʮöҲ˵ǰСӣǰǱʵͿԣܹƺڵ۷壬ʵʵľ
ⲻҶһŲΪأԭ
ԣͷŵ¶ºͲɫǵΪֱ̫ͷ϶Ҷ׷ɽҲһ仰¶
ǡλʦ֣⡭⡭һӱȥ֧֧˵
ˣǼƽ˰ɡ϶ϾŮӣĵһЩ
Ҷ˵ͷֻ׽Ūһ⼸ۿ˵͵Ļɫѡ¿һۣ߽ɽš
ɸոտɽŵһ̣֮һСͤͻȻһӰգ۱㵽ǰ
ɽţҪһϵͷ½Ӳ֪ǳ׿ˣǰõӡ
νɽ߻ʵԶˡͷϵΪ˼ලҰ½񣬵ʵȴϵͲЩ飬ֻͤ˯
ǰˣһɫ
ҶͷۣԻӦǵƸĵӡ
ʲô£˿ѯʣʵ۾һֱҶ죺Ƿʲôִ
Ҷиܵ˵⣬ϾΪƸӣԴҶ˫ٵ֮ƺͶһεĸңҪŸɡ
Ҳͤбѵģ֮һ۾ͿһƸɽţǼ½ӾȻ
ǲɽ˾ѹ½ӣԴǵʵƢãֺ֮ڵƸǸĵĵطʵզأҲΪࡱºò״һֺ˫ٵĻᣬܹŹ
Ȼ֪ǰߣΪҶѾ𣬶ƽʱҲȽľګùעЩֻҶͨƸӣԸ߾ͺаԵء
ȻаԵǿҶϵģȺ½ദʮգҲȺɫۿ˵͵ıʡ
һϣҶͷʵ
ҵ˼ϣٸƤӹ򣡡˶ʱЩŭˣɼƢжô
ʦ֡ͷ첲ҪȰһ䡣
һȥʦһ˦ѣѾɽ֮ãɲ½ˣҺ˵˵Ҳ˫ӪеıԵ˳һӶ
ҪȰ˵û뵽ȴʱɫһ죬˵ȥģʲô͸ʲôȥһڵʱ
ǣһ½ӱ˵һԣȴһϷĿʼ
ɶ֣ʦָҶؿڣν֮
ֽʲôҶûֻ֣Ƿʡ
ԣƸԺ졣ʦֻشʱϾȻмֵɫ
֣Ҷ컹ţ˵һʲʮѾʦڣͨѾܲٶˡ
ֻΪƢֺ̫öʼղ˫ãʵϾǰţҲһֱû˫ٵȦȥ
ļ˲Ҫ֫ͷԼ򵥵Ĺ
Ŷԭʦ֣ǾҶ칰˹֣һɲԲ¶˵ĴҲΪȷʵ󣬲ǲ̫ˡ
ߣȻӵǾһһʮ˵ɣǲϾѹ½ӣԺҶļֵһȰϹNɪǾƸ󲻾иѫʲôҶʲôĺ֮ôҸ˵Ƕǰ׳˫ټϯ𣬷ƺڣ˭ƥУ
һﻰϻһ򿪱ûտڵ˼δҶ˵ֵ˵ͨˣ״һĳϼ˫ٺʦҲҪƵ֪
㻹ˣУǲǳȥǣڲƽˣˣ
Ҹ˵¿ԣƽƺڵ档֮ȻЩϸ𣬵ɶһӵܣǶƺڵӣǳȥѿ
û˵Ժŭˣ롰ˣû뵽СӾȻһͷɫ
˵һѷϻʲôֱӿڱˡҶ첻͵˵ĲͷˣΪһֱһ塣
ߣǲɵʮ𣬽¾ˡԺ챧ŰӣҵĿҶ졣
ˣʮɡҶش
ԣԺЦˣҪǲӶʮҲУɱ˵ʦ۸㡣
˵ҡ
ɶԺЦ˵һԣ
˵ʮҲ䣬òʮǾ̧ȥɡҶЦ˵
ٵҲ˵ģԺѾоԷЩͷҲǺ⡣
ʲô˵ã˵ϵҲҶ첻ٿƣʼɢһ
Ժʶ촽ǡ
Ǹν׳Ҷ졣
ɶԺ͵غһҶ챾ûպȴ˲֪˫²̨ΪڲԵʿ˵ȥɱֶҶ
ƺڣɱ˵Ŀ³˫پֻǰλˡ
ңɱ֮󻹵˫ٲƨɣϾɱֶɳȥġֱ˷۱ưͳԻп˵
ܣҶε㿴ǸӡԺ췴ӦһᣬͻȻթȻ˵Ҷǰ׳жҶȴʮ־η
ˣúƽϡҶ첻֪Щ⣬Ը񣬽żƸҲ磬ǿҪúɶɶǵġ
վסԺĴҶȥҪ뿪ӿ϶˲Ҷ죬ΪҶʢˣ˫ٶҶĻԼӦ⵽һʹŶԡ
ৡ
ҶͷԺĴֲż们ȥֱͣӵһġ
ô˿̣ԺںΪСϵͽȻǣ񽣳ʣ˴һ


414 ƻ
Ҷ죿ԺϽסΣͬʱʮ֮Զ
ϵľеʮǿң֪̯ϴˡ
˵أҶͣ½ŲԷȻ֣¿ɾͲô˽ˣοһﱾǵƸӣһ˫Ӫе
ʰҶʰҲ֮͵ѡ
ǣǡԺ͵ͷԷ̫ˣ㲻ҶҲԼܹǵϴ;
֪Źı״Ӹ۴ҶƺԹԵ˵ɨ˼Ա߿ֵ½ӣŰĿͣԺϡ
½ӣҪһʱĽ̽룬ڼ䣬ҪϤŹڶܻˣֱȫܹĬлͨ
ԣȻı״ʮǲ۲۵ﵱն
նԺ˵Ҷı£޷Կء
Ҳ֪ҶЦʵ
ҶҶʦܣֻǺ㿪ЦԺǿЦݣֱ֡
Һô
졭Ժ켸ҪҶԽԽѹ壬ȻûıҶ죬ִΪߵҶ죬еǰ취׮˫Ҳ֡ϾȷȷʵʵҶ춯ˡ
Ȼ죬ͻȻҳ֣ҰղųֵûܶƼζᱻ顣Ҷǰƽ
Ժˣһҡͷһƴ֣һ˵ţᡢᡢû
ԣҶЦһû˼˵ҵļˣо˲ߵݾ鸡
治Ǹ˼˿ԺѾҶεͷǣֻνΪãֻҶģͨΪѡ
ʲô˼
ҶʦܰҰɡԺǻǱƢҲ÷˭Ҷֻб΢ķݡ
뺦ңȴҪ㣿ҶѾԺǰΰȥ
飡
Ժļͷըһ£ѣԪ㱻Ҷѹ顣
Ǻǣ뷴˿̣ѾҶƳֱѹԺļ֮ϡ
ֻԼԺļα촷ۡαζʲôǼֱͷֱûʲô𣬶һпӰ쵽ǿȣνˡ
Ժŵֱӵڵϣͷ亹ˢˢ䣬쳣
ûнͱѧ˼ҺаԵҪôбҪôʵûУԺһЩɡҶĸԺ죬ȻС֣ûȤҲûҪ
ǣһͶԺԶ˫١ԺĿڵĴʯأ̿ʼ̬
ҶûһνͶӦָͶԼֲ˫ˣҪȶࡣ
ֻҪֵܣԺԲ䡣
߰ɡҶԵԱߵ϶˵һ䣬˱Ҫȥ
״Ժĳװ˵ǺգȻ쵹˴ùϵɽҸƽƽ
ˡ
Ժ׼ӵʱҶȴͻȻ˻
ôˣԺûվ·ڵرȽаȫǰ㡣
æҶ˵
ԣԺ˾񣬶ԷҪæ˵ǸȴĻᣬҶôһ֮͵ĵ˳Լ
Ҷʦ뽲ȻȫԸԺ쵱ظºڣ˿ڵϣʵ
ûôأֻҪҴѡ
˭Ժоһ˿ܺҶ˵ϻģʶģ¾˫ˡ
𣬵õ㣬ȻǼһѲŰܵ˵ʲôΣա
Ǵ˫٣ǿɾǸղ¡ҶĻǣױᡣһᣬҲ뱻ɨسŲԶˡ
˫١ҶƽĻش
⡭
ôѶȻǲԸ⣿üһҶϲ̫ÿˡ
ûûСԺ֣µֻӦˡ
Ǻãȥ˫٣ɺɺѾҰľˣӽԺƺڵӣֻһͨŮӣϣҪκǣϡ
⣿ԺٶһΪҶҪʲôݻء
Уֶ֪ľѰһ˲ʲô£ǸҶɺɺһë֮ĳԹɾ㲻ɢˡҶ캰һ䣬˸żĹâ
һһԺͷֹȴڰΪҶǸˣû뵽ҲǸӣôһˣȻСġ
ɺɺϾһʱ䣬Ҳ˫ӪеˣԿġԺȻڴŮӣӡǳ毺ģǲɶõĴϹ屦
̳ɣΪһŮӣȻҪ˫ٲɢ湻ݵġԺ쿴Ҷ죬ﰵࡣ
סôҶüԺ죬һĿɵĶԼ֪Щʲô
סˡԺع͵ͷ
ʲôʱܹ͵Ҷʵ
ҶʦܣҲ֪ɽںܳҲҪڵաԺЩӵ˵ţͬʱֱֹ͸ŻҪ죬ȷʵЩ˵ȥˡ
û뵽ǣҶ쾹Ȼֻǵ˵ͷȻǸŮһͬ뿪ˡ
Ҷ콥ʧɽͷıӰԺǳ׷ӹһ٣ָоˡ

ɽϣ϶ޱߵ˿ӣһڣֹ
Ҷ΢΢ЦţʵΪҪôŸ˫ٰɣ
϶˵ͷҪҶǾ䲻ɢЩ
ȾָɺɺΪҪðԭһֱûж֡ҹųȥɺɺľһץסǰȥа֮£ô˵㶮˰ɣҶ⻰˵һ롣
ûʰ϶ףΪҶҪ˵Ǿ䲻ɢĿֻΪ˼ѡ
Ҷ˫²̨˫ҪҶأ˫νüĻɣֱٺʲˡ
Ļ롭Ҷǻ˵һ룬ȴһơ
ֻĿ⣬£ָڲǰ
϶״ûκγԾֻǵ˵ͷҶ춼ŮԷѾɳɱ֣ҲʱԷһˡ
㣬Էһ֮Ķӡ
ң˿ͬɽصƺڣ䰵ӿһܹġԽǸߴԽΣաܶʱ򣬺ܶ£ҪѪϢġ
ɺɺѾϻˣѵҪһһξ뵽֮У϶һᣬʵ
ȻãʱǱҲǱĲСҶЦŸ϶ߣõĶԲ˵˳


415 󷨳
ʵķչֱҪ˳ΪҶû㹻ʱȥ׼ƻһȴԺ
ҪɽŵԵʣ֮ΪҶ촫Ϣô˼϶Ҷ첻ȥľƻ׵ܹʣʱʹϰ󷨡
ҹҶѻصƸס
˿̣ΪмԭڴϷȥ˯žΪڻ֮ûֱӻصסȥҵ˶Լһɽּϡ
϶Ǳߣȥ֪ͨ¡ʱһ̽󷨣ҶѾЩȲˡ
гɣȫԽǵʵһֹǸʱǺ˫ٵԵһصĵơ
ļƻҶԹһ£ϲõȣԡ
϶һˣһ֣ǸΪʵΪĹӦҲС
ǣҶһʤ㲻ߣԶҲҪȥĻɱݡгɣǼֱһʧ
ܹ֪ĳں˫ٶŵУνӮһ󲽡
ҵţ֪䣬Ҷ˯ȥ
ڶ峿ɫδҶѾҴϴϣϽš
סʱһﻹں˯һĴź࣬ͬס
ҶŵǰȥЦסıӡ
ԡԡ
͸ʼҺߺߡƬ֮ĳͺ˯
ҶΣֻܸĶߣһ䣺ɺɺ
һйȻЧ͵𣬽ŵͬʱһʵأأ
Ҷ֮󣬶޲һֻŨüšüŭ
ҶǺһЦǿаѶ𣬴ƽ㽫ɺɺ齲˳
ϾǳҪ˵֪ģҲûκ壬ֻƽʹࡣ
ڰɺɺ֮Ĳ֮Ҷѡ
֮󣬶þòҶΰοֻǴĿŴ⣬ϻķ
Ҫȥڿˡ
仰ҶЩô͸ԳѪҺɣʵͳǿߣǷܷͼǿĴʱȥѰɺɺһоͶķˡ
ȻǳˣȻһϰһ߹ƽҶ̫˽ˣʲ֮ͣɽ껹ǻĶʦ綨ңΪɺɺÿʱ䶼ں˼룬ԲŵΪչ
˵Ҫ鲻ȥǺúʵҶҪ
Уұȥʵʲôãʵܻô
Ҷֱ֪˿˵ʲôȥֻȥһܰġ
ɺɺҶҲ˽⡣ԴӾǴΰɱ¼֮ȻĻ䣬οͲϲ¼ʹת䣬ڶҲֻ֮飬
ңȥɺɺ϶⵽ܾΪԼڶε
գǰϻǰҶдһΪɺɺԿأһʱּҿ϶ˣΪɺɺҶ콻еˣ˫п
ûŽܣŪûô󶯸ɸҲδ֪
̤ѰҰ̡
ȱ˶󷨿϶ҲϰˡҶǰľﱸƻһ׵֮
Ҷ磬Ҳˡ
ȻûܴɺɺԭҲʹ˵ҶܹµһɺɺΪ˲ǰ˵˺ܶΥĵȴ˵ĻͰ֮Ĳ¶˵˳
ƺҲĻ䣬ȴһܵϢ
ҲһţдҶģݣȻ֮ǰһоʱûܳƿ
Ҷ쿴֮ϸĶ˼飬ֻȥԺһƬͨ
ʱգҶɽĵ죬Ժ촫ֻʣʱ䡣
Դ֮Уʱϰʵ̫˵֮£Ҷֻ㡣
Ըƻ϶һҪĵ㣬ͶǸб϶ǲˣ״̬ʱһսҪԿġ
һȫıֻʣҶˣȻҶĲʲô̫ΣյĿ϶϶ʧҪ֪˶֮ʵ½Ŀɲһǰ㡣
죬ҶԥǷҪμƻʱ򣬶ˡ
ͨˣĺδ޷ݡЦ˵ȻЩΥĵ˼Կһͨˣֻһʱ̻Щɺɺѡ
ͨͺáҶĶļûж˵ʲôģΪɺɺͲʣɺɺΪκѡһҲעкý
㲻ҪʲôôţŬԼȥɺɺԼеҪҵһЩܹרȥתע
ߡҶһЦȻ˵ΪͨҶȻҲȥʣ飬ƪ׹ȥˡ
ƸԼ϶£һͬѰһտ˵Ұݵ飬׼ϰ󷨡
׼ʮֳ֣ʳˮңǲԵΪҪҰӪء
Ȼ֮׽ҰζΧȾҲʧΪһȤ
Ѿڴ˵ס׼Ҵ֮ǻص󷨡ٲȻҲǰѴ˵ص˳סϰ󷨵ĴӪ
λ϶ȸλ½׻λ
ϵĲݵһɵֶɵĹ׾ͼ֣ڷϰһ֮ڿ󷨵֡
˿̣Ҷվȫ±һҫ۵ɫâ֣Լ䣬Х
棬ҲһϮƮĶͷǰȻֳ׻֮࣬Ȼѳɡ
ϣ϶˫Ŀ΢ϣɢŹâ۳ȸ趯
ȻһԲεıɫϻסԼֳƣֻǿܸоƥķ
һǶѾգȻ̶ܴҩ鹦Ƿ⽲š
˵УҶ϶߱ƺǿҡ²ԣҶ϶ȴףӦúڵѪҺйء
Ӧȸ
ϣǰʮ֣ΧǰȾ̸죬á
󷨵Ϥ̶ȣֱ˴ҵ󣬽һ죬Ѿܹ߶󷨣һʱ䣬㷢ӲȫתӦûʲô̫⡣
ȣ֮ɺɺǸ߾پ̳ͼ
һ¾̳ԳԺȡڶ飬ﶼĺܣֻƽԼ߳Ӱ
˿̣϶Ų֪ЩʲôҶ챻һߣоµΪ֮ʱ·ǻῴƲƺͨ쳹صӰ
гһգҶһҪԽָ߶ȣ


416 ʵʩƻ
ʱ˵϶úˣȴҲܶ顣
Ҷϰ󷨵ĵڶ죬ԲɵĲݵУĵӰִһδɢֳ׻ȸĴ޵ľ
ʱɫ۳ب죬ƥ
ʱ׻ҵİâ죬צƵС
ȸলֹ˹תݡ
ܣ׼ٷŴ󣬽˻롣
ˣԳɣ뱸
չҶ̧ͷ˿ɫӰбһƬͮƶ䡣
û뵽ô򵥡ĨһѱӣҪж⡣
˵УΪ˴ҵĺȣȴûз
ǺǣֻǿʼѣȻ߱ĴɻԶĺءȻҶô˵Ҳܸˡ
󷨽ʲô֣ҲϴЦʵ
֪Ҷ̯ҡͷ˵Ҳǣ󷨶޳ˣֻ֪ء
ԹһЦʲôóͽС׻ȸ޵о󷨣
ôǲǺܰɨÿһˣȴŴҵĿޡ
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Ȼ֪ı⣬Ҳȡô֡Ͼ󷨲һƽ󷨶ѣҲôľࡣ
ȻϰɣҲûҪˣʵҲţֻ˵ʱӳԣ˶ѡ
𣬽¶һ֣ó֮ǰ򵽵ҰҰã׼չͨ
ȼҰҰҲѾʰ׵֮ϣĽӲӣһʳ󶯡
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417 ƶԵƣһ
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418 ƶԵƣ
ʩչ˷ͼ϶˫ֻУâƿݵĶ϶նȥ
飡
϶Ա⽣߷ӭУײ˷
ڷ̮ǶҪֳһԪ壬ǺǿҲԽɻҴɢ
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ּˣ١ҶƲһĨааЦݣ˵գһȭ

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Ҷʲôʱǿ̶ֳˣȻܹͳǿߵļһӲ


419 ϧ
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˵գǱˣһ·Զȥ
Ҷ̾˿ŹȥıӰкꡣǼֱͺһ޶


420 ȫ
Ĳ߻ķɱ־ճ¶вʣϾʹǰʵĺܡ
շȥ꣬պ󣬴ҿ¸ҪСĽŪһͻƵС
ڳˣֻ϶ܹҶ죬߹ȥҶͷʾ֧֡
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428 ȡ׵
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429 һѧ
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˵Ԫ⵹Ҳʲô̫ı׶ˡڰԱӡҪƲܷѧҶ컹ϲԲϽķʽһȻڱ׶ˣȴԽҲڽܵı׶ˡ
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˵ԼѧжΪˣΨ϶ûѡѧƺκ˶ҪӸһЩ


430 
˵ǵѧȲҪȥԼպڲƸ棬úñһ
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ʱ·ͻȻһһҶĶġ
ɣɣɣ
ܵĽ


431 
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Ҷ챻˵˵ʵԺиֹ޵ȫֹʲôʲôʲôᡢʲôȵȡ
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⵽ǡҶ쾪Īղŵָоȫ֮ϣΪԵĸ֪ڱһ֮ƺʲôѪĶ
ˣǰƴɵİԱӡأҶͻȻ뵽һ㣬ԱӡƴɣôҲǵؽƷôܾôϢʧˡ
գۼ䣬Ҷһµ롣
ϸղͬţ뺣һȭȻ뵽ɫƺܹеĹ
뵽Ҷһ֤һ¡
һΣʹķ׶ֻαڿ֮ߣȻʯ㼱׹
׹ĹУ˫֮ͽȻӿ֮мâȴôǷ
׶һŽڽսеѧıӲӲĶԵзʽǿϣǿԽߣ׶ܷӳҲԽ
ҶѪŵ˵ǿͳǿߣԽһЩͳǿߡ
Է׶ʹ϶
ֽսѧľԣз֮ʱûʲôرĵƺơ
͡
ϸ΢ҲֻҶԼܹ
˿̺Щ׶Ϊ³ȷ֮⣬еĵطܷ⡣ֱƵĽ汾
ڣЮŷ׶һȭںɫĵ֮ϣǡ
࣡
ֻϸ΢˵ģһƨ
Ҷ쳹סˣʵʩչ׶ʱѾְܵսˣ˵ղһȭԲƵİԱӡ
ǣȴֻƨһ
Ҷܲģ׼һΣһʼսַͬ߳׶
νս壬һѪתĽɫâɹشǿȵúսѧƣԱҶΪս塣
ս弤ټұӯ˵һη׶ȴɵİԱӡ
й֮޲
˵һƿǺɫҶҲԶˡ
ࣣ
һ죬֮ǰǴ΢һѡ
ҶĿɿڴһˡ
ɵİԱӡѪϻŭһأôĵطȻһϢ¡
ͻȻΧʼƬ̺ϳȥҶһȣȻ˸졣
֮ûоƽ˲٣Ȼֵ
ѵǹںˣҶͷ뷨ڣпڹĺ֮ϣ
¹⣬ֱµķ򣬼ǰȥ
һʱ䣬ڿ˶£ڿµͬʱҲǵһ
ǰУȻԼһӰ
ǣҶֻоһѪϣͷһΡ
ΪǸӰһҲǲˣ绪Ȼֻߣȴƺͬߡ
ƺƺۣ
ּˡ
ǰƺ۵֮ȴһִʯĸо
ҶסˣӦ˺ܳʱŻعƸҶ죬μ
ŶȻ㣿ƺ۱һΧƮ֮Уǹɶеȴݳ
ҶҲΪŶ϶˾ƺƺۡ
˿̣ƺ۵ĻҶĪƺԲ۷ڣȻϵԼ
ʶңҶ쾪㵵ʵ
ǺǣšƺѾ߳Ҷǰ
˿΢Цλߵ־Ӹµ̬ƣȴһֲҪľη
ѵ˫ٵ飿Ҷֹһ䣬ܹƺ֣ƺľ˵¶Īҫ
ҶҲ̲סһ䣬֪˵Ӻ£
˵ʵôЩ͵ĸоҶֻǳں棬ҲʵڶƲסԼĺġ
ƺ۵ıҲû˶ʲô仯ֻЦ˫ٵĺܺãġγƸӢΪƺڵС̳
Ҷһû뵽Լƺ۾Ȼ֪ϸûƺ۽Ļȴ𾪡
ܣֻһ仰Դǿȫѣ˵㣬ҲδؼԦˡ
˵꣬ƺҶļٶȱ֡
˿̣ҶпνˣƺָԲѪ
ô֪ġ
ˣ׶ϲܷӳ
д֮ƺǧɿ⡣
ϡҶ΢΢üƺͨ죬˵Ļܹˣ϶ҶĪ
л⡣
ˣ²ŵĿƺڵޣĪҪȥ

Сӣúƺڣһء
仰൱Ʈ죬˵֮ƺ򳹵ûϢ


432 һҹ
һء
ҶȻã仰ƺۿ˵Ҫԯ˵зĶࡣ
ѲǴ˵еǰ;һƬҶ뿪ЦԳ˵һ䣬ȻͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬һޣ
ƺ˵²ŵƺڵޣǿĪĲøϽ˼ұ
뵽Ҷӣ̫Ӵȫ̤߳¼ʱڿͷ
ԼӵģΪ·ǻܵ޺Ӱ죬Ӷβȡ
䵽棬ҶҲڿȻ®ɽһǡ
һֻɽľ޴ɫܣ˵ܶ㣬һﵽмֻҶ쿴ȫ棬Ͼ̫Ҷڵλֻܿһ֡
ɣ
ͺɫܹһͻȻڿն𣬶ڿԾһɲǣǿҶβȡ
¡¡
͵һ£ͺɫ˵档
ΣֱӰһ˫ȷݻҪ۶Ҷ죬ﲻϹͣЩģ
Ҷ״ˣһ˵ððӲĵġ
ɣ
ͺɫֽһ󽫳ͷ˳ֱҶǰ
⡭Ҷ쾪㵲ѣΪһͷѾʮɡ
ɣɣ
ɫܳõܺˣЩϲУֻ˿ųͷ˲֪ΪΡ
ѲҪˣҶһѶͷ亹һһһƶԼԿأǾ޴ͷһ£²õͱ
ʲôУǱҲˡ
뵽Ҷ˼ͺɫҲûֻ֯Ƿﹾɹɵĵͽиͣ
⵽ʲô˼ʾѺôҶﷺֹ
ʱͻȻһ⣬ƺ۾ȻٶȻط
ҶϽӭǰȥ޾ֹ죬ʵӦˡ
ղߵĴæ˸㣬ǸҪءƺ۵Цû˿ļӣʮƽ׽ˡ
񡭡Ҷһʱⶼĸİ
˵䣬ƺһɫââ̫㣬嵽Ǻ
ɣ
Ϊ޵ĺɫƺ˷˾һֱʹɽ񶯣ҹձɫ
Ҷ켱æȥ䣬ʵ̫߿ͳǿҲܲס
ȫˣƺڴˣҶƾױС
ֻỮһתҶ档
ʱҶֻоԡ磬̩쳣ġɡҲ˲ٲš
ⱦ֣ţľﶼɼ
ҶҲ֮ǰ˸ɫâĶΪ
Ѫڵ
ƺƺҶľȣЦһµĺܣкܶȳȥʳƫƫϲҡ
⡭Ҷ಻ѣȳϣǵóԶٲȻĶӰ
УѪڵʳζɫܣĴֱҲ˾̾Ҫ֪ѪһڵһΪҶ̺Ѳʮ֮һʣµľŲȫ̼ţҲƺιɫܵǰŵС
ְҶܹܣֱͻƵ߰ҾԲٻ¡
ཡ
Ҷ쾪Ȳѵʱ򣬺ɫѾͷһǰڵ븹С
ˣԱ˾ͱˡƺЦſڣǶԺ˵һ㡣
Ҷһ㶣ֻâ˸ɽĺɫѸٱ仯Ϣ֮侹ܴͨС
һĻʵ̫˼Ҷ쿴˿Ͼŵޣֿ˿ƺƺۣνԵɡ
ǺǣֲʳҪ֣ͣû취ƺ̾˿ƺΪΡ
֡ҶֻҲƺĿǿ߲˵óڣޣ֮Ϊ֡
ˣԺҪ׵רĵطΣյĺܡƺ˵Ҷֵһ֮ŴȣҺڴı֡
ŴȣҶƺѾһ࣬û˵顣
ʱġƺ˵ʱʼչЦݣ˵ĸоһ˸ĺžɵڼ곤Ĵ硣
ʱҶ켸ȫ̶ھ̾Щ֡ʵڲ
ûͻȻ뿴Ǽ֮ʵˡ
˵ѫΡͼôҶ˵ĴƸϯ֡
ƺȴҡҡͷҲʮֿã뿴ǡ
һҶʱ񶯲ѣԼεºܣȻۡ
ǣ
ԣǣƸҶ죬ƸƸ£ƸĽĸҿźܾˡƺЦţͺһͨ˵˵һ㡣
ӶȻṼĺҶʮֻּаĽûȴҲţˣνƺڼѫϯ֮еĿ
˵ʵǺҪҪΪˡһϯӹ̫أǲϲƺ۵˵ţȻڱﲻã˵źԼ޹صһ㡣
ԣҶԺнѫΡԺйһ飬˽⣬֪ΧڣΡ΢еǿʤѫ𣬵ȷȷ̫ˡ
ݺᣬΪβԼָ㣬ȷĵ·أҶ첻ʵ
˽иԵ飬ĶѸı䡣ƺ˵
Ҷ˵ͷһҲˡ
ʱ䲻ˣȥɣĪҪ˵ҡ
ǡҶ칰Ӧʡ
ȥɡƺ˵֮󣬸ϻأԹɵͬһ㡣
ǵиˡҶһתȥ
ҶȥıӰƺüͷͻȻ΢΢΢ŵ˵ԸӽҪ;Σӡ

Ҷ㲻֮󷽲ӣһΪ˱ʾأҲ뿴Ƭרհ޵ĵ򵽵ʲô֮
ûʱ֡
ǰԶһֻа֮ľ޴ȳ涶ʱ׼ڻȳߣһȺȴڰᶯһѾ۵Ĳ
ѹ˵֣ǳЩĶӦòʲô£ȴƫƫιʳҶ첻̾һ䡣
̾ǾΪȺ޴ϷĴڣȺӿ
ҵ찡
ҶתܣһȺں׷ᣬ˵ǼȻֹ졣
Ҳ֪˶ãҶȺħƣ˿Ѿ΢΢֪䣬Ѿڴ˵ضȹһҹ
һҹν۽󿪣ƺһȫµʶͬʱҲӼᶨǿľġȻҪ˵ջ񣬻ƺָһ仰
Ȼڻ⣬ʣ


433 
ȻһҹҶȴ˿ûиܵƣΪڻ;зĴĦƺ۵Ļ
ͨԴŵ֪ƺڣӵУֻԼݡ
ȻⲢûʲôʵ壬ҶϾֻһʮ߰꣬ٻЩĵġ˷ܣÿ˶ܵõѫǵ̳С
ƺۻᵽƷкʵԣҲӲ˵ҶʵƷжƺ⡣
磬Ҷ׼úϢһȵ㾫񣬺úòƺָĻ
þоŸո˯ţͱˡ
洫ǴҶ죬Ҷ죬ˣ
ˣҶһ뵽ǲ˱㡣
ϣҴҴ´򿪷š
վſڣ˫ֽŵĻȥɫҲѿ
ôˣҶ²ŲӦԲߡ
ƺˡҶľͶ࣬˵
ƺСˣȻԾƺ֣ҶŭɶҪ˵ƺȻҶ˵Ĺϵͬܣ񻹴ûвУ߶Ծƺ֣ʵûˡ
˵ˣôҪʲôء
ĶĶ޹ءҶ˼
ŶôˣŲµĶ֣ҶҲǰ࣬ƺȻ£ӦҲ
һ߻ħˣ˵Ҷߣȱ˵ˣϿȥɡ
ʱé֮ǰԶܹڴͬǺĺ
Ҷһֱ˼䣬ؼҲɱһĻ
ʱƺƺЩܿƣɱ죬ƼʿѪɱ¾
ĪǾƺҲܣҶͻȻ뵽ԼڱԼγһˡ˵һֱúľƺҲҲž˵ܡ
ʮΪ״ӣӱҲڣԸֺܱ̰棬ϰʮֲڷһˣܹƺѾǲϳοΪһ֮״ӡ
ǰҶûϸЩ´һȷʵһֺ֮ĸо
ʱѾéǰǰȥţʵƺҶˣǽȥ˰
ڣƺûиκĻӦֿµĺڼ
Ҷüͷһ壬һſţ˽ȥ
ƺҶɨһܣڿտյûз־ƺӰ
ףأҲΪԾǴдģôͻȻͲӰ
ʱҶ֮ʱƺۿһܵ
ڷݶһشǵʱƺ˵ڣҪҶιһ£ΪԯͻȻطû֮
Ҷ첽ǴطȻϸĹ۲ֻǿԲͬԪѹȥֻĿǰ³һİ
һû뵽éھȻİҶһۣ׷Ծ֮С
һƬ谵ȡ۵ȼƵĹâǰһСƬ
Ҷ̧ͷȥֻƽʯڣ沢ûе̵ĺۼȻγɡ
ôɭɭġС˵
Ҷûд𻰣ĸоһϢǰƶš
СЩҶ춣һ䣬ȻӶнӹۣǰ濪·
ܳرҲǹ⻬ʪ妵ĸо˴ԼСʱҲûûƺ
ҶɫȴˣΪ֮ǰǵϢͣƺڵȴǡ
￪⣬һĪϢأ֪ǲǾƺҶһһ˵ţȸһ׼Ϊƺпܷʲô顣
ɶ˼󾪣̾뵽ƺӡ
ûʲô˼ˣʦأҶҲ޷Ͼû֮ǰҲ¶ۡ
ʦѾһˣϴλʱ˼ҾѾȥˡ˵
Ҷ˵ͷԯ糣Σ⵹ҲǺ֡ϾƸѫҶ죬ѫȻЩǿʵȴɷϡ
һξ룬ǰʼֺ¡¡󣬵ȴֺХĸо
ǰʲôȻɣЩӵʵȻԡѪɱصȴĿ־С
Ҷһ뵽ҹľܣƺƿɼʥأʵϱȴڲ಻Ϊ֪ܡ
ҶҲɷֱ״ӺζֻСĽϾͨҹ飬ԼʵҲһµʶ֪Щǿǰֱ϶硣
Ϊʳ϶׷ʮοĪˡ
Сǰţ˭û˵оЩ}ˣܹ˴˵ĺ
¡¡
ǸȻƺԽԽˣΪѾԽô˿̣Щĸо
ͬʱҶҲо֮ǰϢڲԶˡ
룬Ѿܹ֪΢΢ʼɢǿҵıϢ
ҶŤͷһۣϻɫ¶ܳƿسԳ֮һؼʱ̣ıǻᱻԳѹơ
ҶǵϢ϶ھƺһǶԴ󷢣˺пܲɱ
ʵҶĶƣҪǾƺ׷ʲô˭Ҳ֪һ޵Ĵڣµʱ;Ҷܹƿصˡ
ԽԽʼ޵ĹâڵĳԳ֮ƺʲôһ㣬ȻԶ˱ࡣ
ҶͷһöʧȥƣԳǳ˵ǳʲô
Ҷỽһ䡣
˿̶ûȫʧȥʶתͷҶ졣
飡
ҶȴͻȻ֣һֵ˶ĺ֮ϣ߸벻ҶͻȻ֣޷֮£ֱӻ˹ȥ
Ҷ죬Ϊ³Գ೬ԤϣԲòðػԣƺûгʲô⡣
˶Ҷ΢һЩͬʱҲʼɻ
ԳѾǵؽƷޣʵȻ㲻϶ǿҲԲû뵽ƺɢϢܹܿƵı¶пºЩء
ΪҵĳѪ˿ûסҶСֹһ䣬漴ˡ
Ȼ֪ѪƷף۴չֳʵԯƺ˵ĻѪǼΪĴڣԴ˿ûܵӰҲ
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Ҷ߱룬֪ѾﵽͷԻѣĵز
ͻȻǰĻ谵ƺһӰİ֮У۷ѪɫĹâ


434 
Ĵ˿̣ҶˣǾʯɵģذհĽȣһǽ֮⣬ļǧٲ
ѵƺƽʱĻôҶ΢в죬ÿ˱Ű֮Ҳѹ־ƺӱһʮС˵ȷʵЩԳܡ
ܹոһյĳǿҲǾͨ˿Ա⡣
ƺ𣿡ʱ̣ҶҲûȥЩ⣬Ҫȷƺϵ׷ʲô飬Ż䡣
ҶȻ֪˿϶ǾƺǾԼƽ͵Ŀһ䣬ΪƽԷ顣
Էûдκλ˫еѪ֮ɫƺ˼֡
Ҷ컺ǰȥȻ޷ܵƺʵʲôزϢֻӰӰԼԣӦﲻ˺ĵز
ҶԼ£к⿪ʼ˸ͬʱһֹĵͺЩϤȴ벻
֮ʮԶҶΪȶԷûпߣûʹѧֻһǰŲʮֻ
Լһʱ˾ƺǰ
ÿ֮Ҷ쾹˵
ֻƺƺʹ࣬һ㰵ɫĹâţƤۼףɫǰ죬˵ǺɫĹâЩۼġ
ƺҶ̽СĻ
ƺûлش˿̱ϸȴһ֪Ǽ̵ס֫϶һɫҲɷףżͻ⡣
Ǳ˭סĲ󣬴˵֮ܣ˵ҶƺиոսĶ֮⣬ֻʣһ֪Ĵڡ
Ǿǣǵʦ𡪡ԯ硣
ʦΪҪסƺҶоЩˣƺڿƽʵȴΪ֪ܡ
ԯհѪǰĳ˫۱ɫۼǣһļµϢ
¾ƺΪƣѵ˵
һµͷԺԼԼ䣬ҶоԼ뵽һ޴ı֮С
ĪǣƺܹƺڣҳΪ״ӣΪʦҪоҶ첻Ҽˣԯ磬ʼǺĴԴʣǽգһĻ߸
漴뵽Լڽƺں˳˳ˮḶ́ѫȴӮԯĴ֣ӽɽűһƺͨӣٵ״ӣٵߣһжô˳ˮɡ
ڴ֮ǰҶһֱΪԯ翴ԼƷԺǱʣɽտʩԼ⣬ϣԼܹṩ;ƺͬá
ⲻġҶҡҡͷܲʵ
ⲻʵûõʦ׿֤֮ǰʵҶþȫԼƽͬʱҲϣļĵߡ
ͻȻƺ뵽ʲô
ڽ밵ǰƺɵģȴס˵ѰҾƺĹУƷ˾ƺ
֮ǰۣܹһֻһˣǵʦԯ硣
ʦ֪ڸҶЩܲˣ봧װͿʹᱻڣϣܹȥ˽

Ҷ캰֮󣬰ĳһ˱̾Ϣ
Ҷͷһ֪ԯ׼ˡ
ȻƬ̣ԯǰ
ʦ롭
һ㡣ԯִ̧ҶĻ˿Ͼƣ֮ɫݺ²ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ĻȫжϳһǷ˵ѻװģԣԯ粻ǣٴ˿̲ǡ
ԯ˰֣Ҷԥһ֮ƹƺŰͷȥ
ýǰ¡¡֮ѾԳϣתԪס䣬һͷĿѣĸо
ԯƺӰ죬̧һӣǰʯӡȥ
ڼ䣬ҶʼձһľԣϾµѾԯˡ
ǲ
΢ĳֻر濴ƽһʯھȻת¶һ
Ҷ쾲ţֱʯȫתҲڿʯ֮ľ
Ȼǧŵľ޴ٲ˿̱ͬӵ׹ˮ˴Ϸ£¡¡ľͬ׹ﵽޣͬʱоô谵żĿѣС
֮ڵҶһؼȿ״̬ԯô˳֣ҪȡҶֱ練ơ
˵ɱҶȫ˷ǿζʲôζɱһͳǿ߶ͬô򵥣ο˶ʦ綨Ҷ졣
ң綨ƺڶƣԯһ֮λƺƺۣƺ۵ʵҶĿãУҲˡ
Ϊһ֮һ֮֮ϵԯʵ綨
Բ̫ܣҲ˵綨ֻƺڶĻѳƶѣĿģǾͲҶԲ²ˡ
ԯҶӦ˹â֮˵
ʯ֮Ծȥ
Ҷ󣬵ڣҲûʲôɹǵˡ

ļٲͬҵƥҶԵȻоƺ󶼻۱ѡ
ٲģǸʲôʵܹܡҶ찵ţβԯһͬ뵽ֱʯ·֮һʯŵС
ֻһɼʯڷҩҩ룬鼮伮֮Ķ
ﶫǶڡԯ翪żɽ˵
ҶûʲôӦΪЩҩ֮ʵ̫Ϥˣ򵥵ɨһеҩݣ׼ȷ˵ҩ鱦ͨ϶мء
һЩѹҩҶҲûҪˣֱӿ˵
ԯһƺûϵҶ쾹ȻʶЩҩݡ
ûûйʣһۼҶʱоϲźܶܡ
ֻƷײߣҲѹ˾ƺ䡣ҶѾµǰ˿Щоԯ硣
أԯÿһβΪԼȥѰЩҩȥˣΪѹƾƺʱħԶͣ
߽ҩҪڣڿǾƶȣи߽ҩĵطʼƣҵʵ޷ԯ˵
ʵ޷ҶЩԾ
ûʼҸƣóҩ֮㱾ʵǺǿɱɱ鵤£ȴܹʮǿᡣ
Ҷ˵ͷһȻ鱦ͨеļĿ˵ԯҪ˽Ķࡣ
ҲҪȥڡҶͻȻ뵽ʲô
ŶԯɻĿԽоԼͽܺǷǷ


435 
ʦɻǵҽƺǰڵǸС򣿡
ԯ˵ͷݴԼм·̣νʮңԶʱԯ绹˧ƸǰӭҶ죬֮
򸽼һӴɽΪ磬жڡҶ˵
˵ɽи߽ҩԯʵ
ûֹǸ߽ףҩпѰҶ⵹Ͼɽǿ޲ʤö׾Ʒ޳ͷˣǿѾԳ֮Ϊ˻Ĺ֮ǿˡ
Ȼˣԯ⣬ȻӲųԼҲطΪʿʼΪΪ֮ڲҩУҲֻͽ׶ѡ
ǵģֻɽʵ̫Σգ׿ԽĵطҶɫ˵ǲԯΪҹʶ֮󣬶һµʶ
ҲĹųδܹ֮Ϊǿ塣
ջΣǳȵġԯ绺ͷƬ̼˾
ΪͽܾƺϾҪðһԡ
ʦܺ˵˵ƺס
źͬѪҺԯ֪Ҷʲôû˿ɵֱӻش
ѪҶΪȣ˵ʲôҲ벻ƺھȻҲлĹѪ
ֻԯһ٣зǺεɫƬ̺̾Ϣһֻȴǰҹ
ҹҶһαˣȻ֪ҹΪӾƺѪбԿﵱȻࡣ
ҹΪаԯ̾ԳЦҲ֪Ϸ˻ǲңͽоȻѪ
ʦҹҲǻĹ֮𣿡ҶʣãҹҲͳһϵ
ûǻĹ塣ԯ˵ͷ
ǡû㹻ҩѹƾƺİҹ࣬Ҷ̽ԵţʵѾֳܹ档
¾£Ϊ
֪ʱܹѹƵģϾڵİҹѪҺڳ˯Уֻż΢΢ѡ
ԯĻû˵꣬ҶҲ֪ԥʲô˳Ժأ
ܲԸԣԯԼҲ޷ѹסҹľѣҾƺҶ죬ûһԶ˵ļ֮ģҹѪҺѵʱ򣬿¾Ǿƺȫʧصʱ
ҷʮڣƺڵİҹѪҺӦѣЩʱһᾡѰƽķһ졭һھƺ֮ǰɱ
ԯ˵תߵŶԵŷֱµļ٣аٸн
Ҷܹµԯʵ޷ѹסƺڵİҹѪҺʱɱԼİͽ塣
ʦҲ̫ģʮʱܳǿܶ顣Ҷ˹ȥο
ԣԯЦһ£ҡͷ̫ˣʮֻһޣʱڣҹѪҺǻһһѵġ
˵ţԯͻȻ˫ۣɫۼ׶ʱʸ˸⡣
ⲻȫı࣬ʵǰҹ֮Ѫ
ʲôҶͷʶĺһ
㲻ؾţʵұڴˣһξƺԴ󷢣ǡҪҩ;޲ɱЩˣǴβСıƺѪҺܵ˴ǱҽⲢȫİҹࡣԯֽ𣬽͵
ʦ⡭ҶЩ⣬һѪѵɱࣿ
ƺҶɻԯֵҹͬµĵطǿޱȵʵбͬҲ֮Ϊԭ֮һ
Ҳ˵ʦҲ
ûҲѾǰҹ֮壬ȫˣչȫҪʱ䣬ģҲΪ˼ġԯЦЦ
Ҷһæ˵ʦҲ˼
ʵҲȷʵ˼ԯѾҹȾôǵ֮ϾڵİҹѪҺĿǰѿ״̬ҪɱӦʲô¡
ʱԯͻȻתͷĿ˸˸ĶҶ˵֪ΪҪѡ״𣿡
Ӳ֪Ҷһ֪⣬ɴ˵֪
ɽ֮ڵİҹѪҺ㿪ʼ״ܵ˳Ĵڡ
ʦ˼ѪҺԻӦΪ޷֪ǵѪҺأҶ첻ʵ֮ǰԯһγѪⶼǷѽ⡣
Ϊ࣬ѹס˳Ѫ࣬ô˵㶮𣿡ԯʵ
Ѫûʤҵ־Ҷɻʵ
ԯ˵ͷû֮ھƺͬڽǱҹռ壬ǼԦ֮֮ĲͬȻ޷ƳѪ֮ȫƿصʱǲĳ֮塣ǣǰҹˡ
£ҶһѪҺܹһ˵񣬶ѪҺԻĹ֮ǰǷ˼
ʵֻҪ־㹻ǿҲѹסҹ࣬ȡΪԼãܿϧûôǿľ־ԯҡҡͷֵӣĺ֪㵽׾ʲô
ҡҶһʱǲ͸¶ԼĹȥֻһûиоԼ־жôǿ󣬶ĸףԼýǣ
㲻˵Ҳûϵ֮Ҫ֪ҽϣϡԯҶļ
ҶҪ˵Щʲôԯֵ˵ϣǾƺ֮ڣ㣬𣿡
²ҶƺԼĶˣҹͳֻĹǰľ۴ڣȫѣҲȷƺܹԼĴڡƺڿνڵİ½Ҳ嫺һɳŸˡ
ҲĵĹˣûǸʵȴŻĲԯɫͻȻį͸ļٲԶ
ʦԣҶȫԸҶصͷֵҲ㣬ҵĸףпΪ
ŶԯȤϾҶССͱѪӦǺ;ƺһܲ򵥡
֪ʦʶôҶָ⻪һǰöɫƱС
⣡ԯĪһѴҶȡǰöƣĶ
״ҶҲͬʱ𶯣ʦķӦ֪Ƶ
ãԯһ˵Ҳ֪֪мء
䣿
ûԯἰֵʱ΢΢Щ뾴η
ȥܷ䣿Ҷ켱еʵ
䶼Ҫһ۽綨ϡ
۽綨Ҷ˳˼С


436 ٴɽ
֪˹ѰҸҶ켤ѣȻ۽綨Ŀǰʵ˵ǳңɼȴţֻҪŬһܹﵽ
ڿ϶ǲ̫ʵˣҪ黹Ѱҩƺѹסڵİҹħԡ
պҶԯĳ뿪ƺڣ̤ɽ֮á
ʱܶ˶ڰԲ²⣬ԯǲҪҶĳЩѵ뷨ѫΪ
ڰҹ˵һʮֺҪ飬û֪
ɽ㲩ƴ󣬴Լº˷糾͵ĸ˻
ʵǲܽ뵽ɽûԣǳԺָС
ڸ߽ҩѰҵ£ʱɽʵ̫Σա
ԯʵԶҶ󣬵ھǰԵòֵһᡣ
ǵҲûκջ񣬸߽ҩûѰؽҩȴûѰãҶ¯ɵҩֻ٣һѹסƺڰҹħӦûʲô̫⡣
ʱµ飬ҶٶȳС
εɽ֮УҲջ񣬹õؽƷڵöͽҩʤö
ڣԴνǳḻѪڵʮöͽڵöؽƷڵټһЩƽؽһƷĴҩͻƵŶʦ׾٣֮ڣﵽͳ綨Ҳʲô¡
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ȣЩҩȫɵܹʵĹõʮţ֮ʮš
Ȼ鵤Ʒ׽ϵͣǾɳƻǻһõġ
鵤Ʒ׽ϵͣҶҲĴʲôúʹĥڷʮ鵤֮ɹ˰˶ʦڡ
ͻֻһ֮ңٷһŵؽƷڵӦÿͻơ

Ҷڴ֮ϣ£״̬ĸڵԪ
ʱԪԼӾ磬ҪͻƵǰ࣬ٶһ̶֮ﵽһ͵㣬Ҳ޷
˵ҶڵƾԼ޷ͻƣʱڵˡ
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Ҷ΢΢ĿȵȻҿ϶ҪһģҶѾֱܹҵĲٿ£󲿷ֻ뵽嵱С
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Ϊʹ࣬ȺΪޱ泩ԭ򣬿ô˵ЩȺųʵḶ́ıʺؼԪܹǢϡ
ԼСʱ֮ȺˣҶҲ׻ָƽ
ͻƶ˵ررֵϲ飬Ϊ۵Ŀ꣬ңԶ
رϲˣ˿Ҷã׼Ҷȥ԰һ¡
ճҹ˾ʱ̡
պʣİѪڵһöؽƷڵҶ׼ϢһȥѰҶҫһ¡
âһ㱻ֽ֮Уͻͳ綨ĹؼǣҪʡȥʱ䡣
һ˯ʮһҶ˹
ҵ֮󣬶ҶͻҲδоγԾΪڶУҶһһֱһֳԽ˵ٶʵνϰ߳ȻھѾܹȻˡ
ûŵҶΣ֮£ȥѰº϶ٴγɽ
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ǵǲǡʷ׼ձգµļ׼ûз
ֻ˶ΣڶҼѰĿꡣ
Ҽ֮ȥһֱɱţԶ飬ÿ˽ȡһȱ˭ɡ
һõ˴ҵһͬټѡ֮˶ѡһҼ
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ɽ֮ǰ˿ʼֵ
϶ȡ׽һܣƺڵĿɿ߱ĿǰڶϷĳһСҲ
½ܵǰ߰ĳʿɳеİ࣬ͨȽټڵЩν츣һգƺڲŻὫб֮С
ڶҶ죬ǵͬ·ص㶼ƺڵҶҪȥĵطǾƺһɢɣĿγҪǰĵطҶص㸽
Ҫ˵ε񣬶ĿνΪϡ棬ȻʦŻ
ʾǰƸһΪɽ֮ص˼磬ԼʵҪƺڵš
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ڶҶ·£˱ǰУǰҲɣ˭ҲĻΣգĿǰʵ˵ҼȻҲЩսԣΣȴ̸ϡ
ΪһԸ·;ҶͶҲû飬һ·糾ͣһ㵽Ŀĵء
һʮ·ǰҶͶֵ𣬸ԿʼԼȥˡ
̣֪ûпһս֮ˡҶ찵ţڿеҪһʵ൱֡
Ŷʦͳ綨Ҳһ֮ңҶ޲̾Ҹдһ¡
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ŰȻ𲻵дĿˡ
ϣдôһ֣ڸֵʵͳ綨ڣҶĿֵı׼
ϾںгѪңּ״ѧƺ;ƺָ˷׶ս֮ͬоԿɿֲ
Ҳһͳδ֡
ˣôˡҶͻȻһǾǾƸϯѫ˶Լʵڷϣֻ֪ͳ綨ʲô׶ȴ֪
Ǻǣʲôʱ鷳ءҶţѫĹϵɲãԸҪ˼Լд裬ѫ鷳ҵҶͷϣǿɾ̫Ҷˡ
ôһһߺ˼룬ҶͻȻҡͷЦ˵Լʲô뷨Ȼڴű鷳
˵Ҳǣ뷨˿²Ǿ㶺ˣѫʲôƺһпν̳֮


437 
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ʵ˵ãʵҲһÿڶѣϾַԲСһʱŲҲתһȦֲûʲô塣
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ȻᣬС磬ҿ˰ɡ߼æסҶ졣
ûϲʲôôҶתߵмҶ̿νʹûȺ
ҶеĿľǶ̣ʲôĻæ
ҵû£㣬ǲΪ˰γŶѹɫĿܡ
ԣҶ΢΢üεľòȻȥûʲô˭Ҳǲɢоͷߡ
ҶҲ£Լǻʡһء
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Ҷĳϣ̾˿С磬ϲ˵仰𲻰ʢòɼǧԼ˰
ŶϲԺ⣿Ҷ΢Щɻϲ˼ƺʵӡ
˵û˼ĴǱǱնɱ֮˭Ҳûܽγɫ˵
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лϲģһұȻγ̣Ϊǿ̫ƽҶٶȵлתȥ
߿Ҷ콥ʧڽֽǵıӰĬĬ̾һ
һſ뻢˰

ṩҶܿҵõڡ
Сϲʮһɽ֮Уɽˮ羰һ֮⡣
ǲԵ˿϶ΪǸʳ˼̻ʥɡ
Ҷ첻мЦЦòȻ֮ϲЩͷԵĶ
ߵÿڵĴǰӭ
˶ӣģʮңúӢͦΣЩӢ
Ҷһ˵⡰桱ãŵĶӢ
ֹ֪кιɡһסҶ죬ܾдԣö֮
һ㣬Ҷ춼ѷɫѣԴʵܹԣǰȴĸо
Ҳݷù̽ġҶЦĺܺƣ׻˵ֲЦˣԷһԼ治ðԭ뷨ֱķ
´Ҷһôǰ϶Ϣһʮͬʵһɣ翵ģͨ˳Ĵڡ
ԣҶ֮Ϊ
ʡ
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ԿҶ켸ۣ˵һԴȻתͨȥˡ
֪һ˿ʼҶ˵
ľһɢޡҶЦĻش
ҲҿȴŴɡ
ŶҶ΢оȣ˵۾İ
йӳ˲߱ŴɵѬȾɵáЦſڣ¶׵ݡ
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ȻνĴͬ϶Ϊ̲Ƕ࣬ǵαװʵ̫ãʹҶĴ󶯣һ뿴Ǳൽж޴ͼ
һÿһĵʱ֮ǰȥͨ˷˻һͬǰĻһŮӡ
Ůӳ񻣬һɳ߼Լɼʮֵ޻ˡ
Ҷǰǳǳһ촽Ӿõˡ
˵ʱ۾ĴҶ죬ڱʱҶ첢ûֱ̽ʵĸоһֱ˵͵Ĺо
Īֻ̿òҶа룬ȴҲңð߶Ź̲ǡ
ɡŮӲ֣̽һơ
Ҷͷ⣬ȻŮӲŸȥ˲У˿˿ƵϢҶڱǣһ
ҶͻȻŮȻ޻ˣû˼ΪλͻȻҡҷĸо
ĪǡζǴ֮
һ㣬ҶȻͷʱͷԱŮӲ˱˵Цֱ硣
ò˵ȴǺǱ£Ȼżɽ滨УǶգȥš
̷羰ˣܹٴضԽ档Ҷ컷ΧɫҲġ泩Ļܹһĺô
ˡŮǳǳһЦﲨת
Ҷ̹Ȼ֮һЦ
ǵܼᶨŮ΢΢һû뵽겻ʮ߰ͣȻļʯƺûʲôá
Ǻǣǽ֮ģ֮⣬һ˽ҲҪߵ
˻ţҶĲιֵ֮ң˳ѰҳһЩ˿Ͼ˵ˣ̿ǳץ׳Ůġ
ǷˣΪӱһëнͽǫǫһ˾һ㡣
ǰǵһȣҶŮӺЦº͡
һƵӵһ·֮ǰŵˣҶһ˶ʮòڣǷ
ʲôĪ̽ϲҶ첻뵽˺ڷʱĺӴ󵱼ҡ
뵽ӣȻͻ뵽ΪԼѵķ֣һڳԣҶ㱻˽ѪѪ֮У̥⣬ȴѲ˷ֵӰ
Ҳ֪ˡҶа̾һ޳ڣȥ˷ǡ
ӣūһδ̹մءŮͻȻʵģͺһ˹
Ҷһ֣֪ôƺҶʾˣ˿̶ŮʮԵȻΪѡ˳ϡ
ϾǾǧ֮⣬ǿɶɡ
ūûֻ֣нֺţ㡣ŮЦѩڱɳ֣ǰһŰ֮ν֮
㣿ҶĬһ飬ټŮɦŪ˵ģ˸档


438 ջ
㣬ܺ֡ҶòԵĵ˵ͷٿ
ŮӣҲֳһαŸҲգһЦҶ첻ǰ¥֮С
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Ҷ컷ĿĹˣֻһĴ֮УŮңҶҲܻ䣬ҳϲ㣬ֱ֮զࡣ
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Ҷüͷ壬˵Īʲôϼ˫޵а̣
аãа̵ġ
뵽Ҷ쿪ʼ¥ȥ
˵ʵһģ־ܼᶨֳһʮ߰Ѫ˵ȷʵе̫𺳡ҪǷͨϣ¸ղջ޷Կˡ
ŵŵš
ҶŲɿĵ¥ݣʮ̨֮¥㡣

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Ҷһ첽¥ȥ
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ϣ˵ÿ˵ж棬֡ǮơλȨ޲ʱʱ̿ɢž޴ջ˶ǰʧ١
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̧ۿȥǰһ̨汻ɴ֣ԼɼһŮ˰ԵӰ
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˿̣ŮҡеİŽȣ˵ɫܹ˷֣ôŮȫԴŷ֡
Ҷ죬ǰݻҶ칰˹֣վԭûǰԼãĵֶο϶ֻɫ
빫ĻڣһͬŮ˳ӯӯƣ
Ҷüͷ壬˵ʵŮӵȴö֮ƾ־ֻΪöԳȷʵЩһӿ
ָоͺһͷкֱײԺзһߴŰйĻŮϡ
ѵ㣿Ҷסͬʱٶ̽
Ȼ룬ͷ
롣
ʱһŮѾǰҶĻԵһ̴ľ
Ҷȥ̴ľɢ̴ľеϢһԲСµţŲˮһֻ
Ůܷܷ֣еȥ֮ʣǰŰ֣δʩ죬ȴһֵֵ֮ȴһĺϣ崿ݣ˲ҡҷ
һκûйϵȫǴɫջҶֻתͷȥٿ
ŮƺҲջˮ֮㰲˻һԡ
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Ϊ˻ΣҶ豭յߣСһڣȴͻȻ
⣬⣬ˮȻҲ⡣
룬ҶһڣȻŻϡ
ʱĻڵŮͻȻЦ壬ֻ˵ĪҪĻţǲˮûǼƷݴء
Ҷ΢΢üش֪Ϊζ
Ȼ֪ٿʣν֮ʿɣĻڵЩ˿ûоͷŭ
Ȼ֪ʲôʹɣȻɱǣ֮ҲʧȡҶ˿Ѿ֣ɵȲ̵èˣʧ
ǺǺǣĪֶȻڹϣЩСҪ͸ӡЦԽ
ԣҶն˵ò˰ɣҵ˼ǿȳ֣ټнͽҸʱͻᡣ
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ˮϣҶ̫գ۱뵽ˣν㣬Ӧþˮϡ
ûˮһִʥζ㣬ΪŶĻеŮЦЦֵˮȴģ˷ء
ϻ˵Ҷ͵վѾȲȥˣԷʵ̫̬ĻԼżڳĳȴˡ
ĪղŲǻ˵ʱͻôҪ˰ǡĻеŮ˵ԳЦ
ֻװߣʵѾ̲ס˰
ԷĻ̼Ҷʱӿһŭ⣬Ų̾ɱ㣿
ɱң¿ܲôŶ֪ˣǷ治аɣ
ҶЦǮɫ˵һĲֵ
⻰˵ȻеˣҲʵ϶˪һǾŮһܹģοȺŮˡ
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˵ĴȻɸҽԣĻеŮԴƵĻ˵ɼƣȻջ
ҶЦһʹǡ
ãӹˬ졣˵꣬֡
Ůʱ˸һ㣬ḡ۴⣬ҶΧ£
Ҷ쾲ֻǵĽǰҪǡ
ŮƣߵĹпʼȥܿģǱȥڵĳҶǰ
һŮҶ첱һŮǽܷܷḧҶ֮ϣֱӰҶ֮ء
ʱֻҶһЦѪ¶һѹɢԵ

Ůʧɫ׷ȥҲǰ
״ҶЦһʲôֶΣЩʹСүȡ׼ء
ôش³ĻеŮԲŭȻԡ
ٶ֣ŮҲȥֱǽǰҲ֪ǰʲôأǽ忪ʼƶ
ҶתͷȥʱһƬӦֻ氵ǽ֮УȻǽ䣬⣬óһԵֵƽ𣬿νֵǡ
ҲңҶ˿Ϊ˵ʵղŵɫôһ˼ڵЩȴһ˿һȤ
Ʊɫܻ㣬ֻȨƵλ׷ඣ
ȨƵλǺǣҵ׷󣬿ɾƾ̣ô


439 
ӺôĿĻеŮĳЩͷҲò˰ɣ
Ǻǣ˵ʵ׷ۣ֮һܹվ½۷֮ϣԣνȨƣó׳ˣҸҶˮһͬʱӾԡ
Ӻ֪ǲˮжȴԸ¡ĻеŮ֣Ц
ԣǰֵһᡣҶҲĴǸصԴڳһһȵļơ
ԸʲôҶȫͬ·ΪܹƿһУĻɫҶҪϸеԲλࡣ
ǺǡĻеŮЦһȻǵһμܹԼƿصļһ΢ŭ⡣
ʵ˵ˣֻǵײɶѣȨƣ¶û֡Ҷ鳰
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Ҷ˵ϻǻƸЩһһ۾᷽Բ֮
ңƺ״ߵݣܱνȨɱΡ
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ŵ㣬ǲ˵˰ɡҶЦ
ŵңľﵽҲҪŷӣŵ㻹䡣ĻеŮתѾ޴̬
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Ҫ֪߿δһ֮ĲѡпʶƺڣվľԲʮ۷壡
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˵϶û֤ݣ̳ƺб֮ϣõ֤ݡ
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ǺǣǺǺǡĻͻȻʧķЦЦ˺һſڣѾʮ񶾣״ΣƺΣұƵ·Ǿͱ飡
˼㻹ΪɱңҶЦʡ
ҹˣʵǷûаɱ㣬ƾһ֮ܵеùԲǧʮҴĶ֣ĻеŮӿʼţʵ˵Ҳ׼ȷƸݲŸǡ
µҲֻܲһˣټʯȹµһɱҶ졣
ҲбףǾҶݣǺܻܿʱ󣬵̼ٸ𣬵ܹΪãɱҶ죬ȻܷԲǧ֮ڵϢ黹һ
ܷЩֻġˡ
ҹģȥĻУȻûģ¿϶װҲװг
Ǻǣа֣еǣָⷽԲǧڸǿ߰ɣҶ˿ûо⣬Ĳţ˻ΪһŮͼ˥ƺ״Ӷ֡
οСطŶʦѾζŶڣڼϳѪȵȣ˵޵ҲԶ
᲻ᶯһ֪ȰҲ̫ˣƺȻǿ󣬵ûѹ޴ĵزɣ
ЦڸԼ׳ôҶεĻ֪ܲԷͼһơ
ԣĻҲ˵ˣֻЦͣȻĹǺ
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Ум˹ɢϢʵҲֱڰ˶ʦںڡ
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λǣĶо仰Ҫʵ˵ãƺڵӡĻУ˵ȴҪûȥ
ƺ֣˶һЩԥ
״ʹɱﵣһһƽʱݣôƺͨӾηηβȥˣ
ͨ˵أ˼Ƭ֮󣬽ǰһᣬ׼һƱġ
ƺôˣͨӶѣɱ˭֪


440 Ů
Ǻǣƺں˲𣿡
һŻĴüۣǰָҶؿڣ̬Ϊ
ȻΪҶֻͨƺڵӵǰ£ʵƺȻ󣬵Ƶͨûʲô̵ģϾһǿʳ硣
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ֻͨ˵Ҷݵģʹ״ߣⱻɱƺھԻ᲻ϧһд۳֡
״ҲЩ֮ƺڣֱǴ֮ڹʵֲ֮ڲѣһִУȺ
ǣҶûбֵĺԽǲԽѾΣ֮
ԣԥһ£ȻҶֻһƺͨӣҲϾľĴֻǱСصѡ
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ȻҶҲûдﵽͳ綨ʵȴѾԲѷɫͳǿˡ
ͨһͳǰδл֮ԸοȺֻ߰˶ʦССϺ
˼鲻׷׹ֽһ׼ܣĻеЦ˵һĻ
ˣ˸ˣƺ״ӣءλӢ۷ǳӣǺǣǾûп𣿡
һ˵Ķͣԭأ֪˵ΪʲôΪá
Ȼ˵ʲôȴѾӸɷһǧ֣Ϊʵ̫ˡ
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飡
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Ҷ쿴˿ԼƣԾҡͷѣڴĳ̶ȻԶƺָĻûܲ͸
ԸЩˣҲǺ׹ûʲôˡ


441 ޵ֿ֮
ĪţֻѣֻҪĺһ𹥻ⲻԲʮɵĵطƬ̾ͳɷɻңôټҲ֮Ϊ촷ۣ
ȻֻǷԲǧϾЩ֮ؼʱ˸סġ
˵ȷԲʮɵӣȺ߰˶ʦ˵һѧɴݻ٣ʱƲ֪ԷӰô
һͬҷ
õ˵ѣҲ΢һЩ׷óԼóѧһʱӶ֣ӳɸͷס
Ҷ΢΢ü˵ʵԷô˵һвģΪǿĵطǷ׽ȻҲǷѧ֮ΪѧеĹѧҪһЩ
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ڣɾȫͬˡ
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ͻȻһ죬汻Ʒһ貽ŵӰϰա
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Ҷͻץһ򵥣ܿͽȺȫС
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ʱҶͻȻһʬĿ⣬ǾʬѪ޷Ǽջĸо
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ҳඣİһʬ塣˵ţҶȭͷ֮ʱ
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˵ʵŮ˱϶¶Ҫֱ֣ƾ
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ûûҶȻң̾ͿҵĻòá˵űҪ½⿪Ҷ
飡
ҶһŽߵõɳȥ˵Ŀϧǿϧôôģ


442 Ա
Ҷ첢ûֱɱΪ֮ǰ˵̺ܹܿѺ԰ټƵͯͯŮЩ˱Ҫȳ̵ĸҲա
ķչǺ˳ģȻ֪Ҷͼ֮Դûʤĳȴ֪
ҶնɱȻڳӵİ³ɹһȳбѺͯͯŮ
Ϊ򣬵õһĻᡣ
ʵ˵Ҳ׼ȷΪ޷ҲΪ˻ѡ
̶бأԼ㣬ʣµķȺİաҶǰӷԸ
ӵͷǸжɫû뵽Ҷ֮󲻵ûн𣬾Ȼ̵ָʹĶ֮ģҶ챣֤ԺֻҪڣƬСͲݶ˲ⱡ
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Ҷӷģҳһʹǰǡɫ˵
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¹ʮҶ첻ʤ䷳ȥ
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ı׼ʱ죬Ҷ·룬ҲӦǿˡ
Ҳ֪ûСҶһ߸·һţܣʦŵǸƺڵɽǰʵѾﵽʦ綨ѾȥӦûо
ݺ֮ҲͻƲ˶٣߶ʦѡ
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Ѱһҿջס£Ҷŷų϶ϢʱųñֳֻҪӴϢ۶Զܹҵ
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˵ǴӣʵҲС򣬲СȴֱһӴϺü
;ıƺŻĹŵԹ˻ӦľҪԶԶʵķΧ
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ڻΪ񣿡ӵ£ҶЩνĶҲʹ֮֮ǶˣΪһʵܹʱ֣֮Ϊط츣ĿҲǷǳ֮
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˸Ҷһ䣬Ȼʼš
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ԶԶԣԱԶףԶͶҶ˵ʵô˵Ҳ˳֣ϾҲǴƺԶһרΪǸνԱġ
ŶԵȰȥͨһ
ԣҶ϶һۣ˵ܻͦСġˣǲ붯ֵĽ࣬ǡԱ⡱ǣǾֻñֶˡ
һǵĽŲٶǰֱӴ˴š
λ룬Աá
Ҷ买˹֣л֮ȥ߲δ˵һȥɹ߹Ȼˡ
Ҳû·ôҶͷһ䡣
ߴæͷһֱǰУ漴ǡ˵꣬ͷҲصˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ϶Ժȥ
ȻһԺֱ֮ӿã˿õţһִԱݲ衣
ִԱ⿴ҶˣϽк
ҶҲ룬ֱһ¡϶ߡ
λٱɸ֪кιɰԱЦʵ
ˡҶش
ʲôˣԱɡ
Ա⣿
û˵½Ա⿪ʼΪҶ϶衣
֪˭Ҷ콫ˮƿʵ
֪λʣʲôĲſԱⲻŲңнڡ
Ҷ΢΢üһƺҪѲ˵ʵΣ֪ͷȴɴݵȱ
ȻҲпһѹͲ֪ԼͷܷΪ۴Աⶼһɵӡ
ƺڡҶ˵ֱҪѰ˿
ƺڣԱʱһ
㵽ǲԱ⣿ҶҲһɣΪԷղ侪ȴֻоȣǾž֡
Ա⣬ֻλƺڵСӢôٺأԱţֵȲæ£ͽñϯضдλƺϿ͡


443 м
ԱĻҶ˼Ƭ֮Ȼ϶ȥ
λƺڵϿͣôˣԱںͷ׷ᣬ
׷ѧҶ϶һգ۵Ĺ˱Ѿʧ֮С
ôˣ϶ҲǺܲ⣬ûͣ½ŲҶߡ
Աⲻܣ֮ǰǸ߲ǡҶ˵
ΪΣ϶ǲ⣬ҶشҲǷӦ
ߵȷɣһڵ˸֮϶ʼû˵ȴ֪ˡ
ڶԱĻ˵й߲㣬Ҫðϯûһ߾Զȥ߹Ⲣϳ
ң˸Ȼ󣬵Ҫׯ˳Էһ߹Ҳһܹ˵ģټԱǸҲģۺЩǿߵȷɡ
ڿԱⲢǴҲͲңΪǸܡ
ô˵ȷеҲԱܵϢ˽·ųȥģΪľ˶Ŀ
һ߷һѰټαװôڼҶ϶֮϶ӡ
ҶڵʵԲʮһΪϢƿ֮УֻҪʹѧ·ȻᱻҶ̴Ѱټ
ֻҺ֣ʶǵģ϶ʵ
ǴˣΪڱصãûΣԱⶼܿοһڵѪϼ޻ˡҶ΢΢üҲûܸӦκοϢ
϶˵ͷҶ˵ĺеĶˣ۹Ȼͬ죬ⲻʵģջµıƸ
ԣαװɿߵܱӵĲƸΣͷӳ졣
һȻƻ˿ûϢ¶ҶСͬȻ󣬵ҪѰһͨҲڴ롣
ô죿϶ҲоͷޱȣЩ鲻СˣһϺ껹Ǽѷһﰡ
ô죬˾ˣεҲʧˡҶ촹ͷɥͣ˽Ų
϶״ǰοʧܾʧܰɣûʲô˵ġ
ȥҶ½ɡҶ˵ͷû̾˭ҲóǸʧɫ
ʵڲУǹʱٻ˵Ǻ껹صء϶
ҲֻˣºĻҲĻĻ϶κξ裬ʱǹϳ֣Ҳû·ĻᡣҶ˻ȭͷһڱصõģ
ạ̃
ߣ
˵գ˼Ŵȥ
ǵӰոʧԱתǴһŲϵϸֳЦ

ҹţձһ㵭֣¹ʣҪһѩ
Хһ쾧ӨѩӾ֮Ʈת¡
⻹ǽ붬µĵһҶѩأҪɺˡ
ЩֻͿΪƽͷйأǳɲ
ⲻոպȵ⣬ء
һ޷Ѱ׵ߺŲ֪Сڿյ˵ҹ֮ϡ
ˣΪԼĶɵľͶвԤ֪ɹˣνƺڲſִǻۣôܲףһ
ٺ٣ӣҲëûءߵЦţСһﻹ˵ºʱֻҪ΢һգˮһա
˵ɶҲ벻ӻСͬ壬ӢҪѾ˼ҴţֱҪš
֮ûôƵ˼Һǽһ㣬˱ѾȻ𣬷˽һɸߵΧǽ
ԺУƬѩûд
ٺ٣ò˶ãӾҪͻƵ߶ʦ綨ˡҡͷԣֱ
Ҫ˭ǱˣǴҶ϶ƺڸͽƤӵӳܣľӡ
ʲôˣתʲôٺ٣治ٿԼˡľһסߣһੲݵҿޡ
˵ҲǣƺڵӾˣҲսɲ˭ܸɳģټȵȥ³ɽʱҫʱ̸ʡ
סһС᷿Ϊݣڴڲ฽
˿̴ѩѾ׷׶䣬¹Ѿȫ֣ԺһƬ谵С
᷿ǰͷһƬ͸
Ȼûôء
֨ѽ
ľƿţһε˽ȥûٺȣ˴̳ڻ£⻹ڼǲ£Ҳ˵˴ֻ̳ٲࡣ
ʹ죬ٸһסľӽ泩Ľ֮ҪΪͨĳЩֶε֪Լƺϵ顣
Ҫ֪ƺһǿɾζʱˡټЩʱһֱڵƺڵˣȴˣתȷֵ˷ܡ
ٸһףľ˵űȥΪԱ͵ĺþƶڰ춼ҵϾ͸Ҫƹˡ

ʱ򣬵ȴԶ
һʵС
Ҫô
ݵľӵǰŵǰʱǸƺеӡ
ľȻ󾪣뵽Լȶ˳ֻþСѾˣ뿪Сͬ壬Բܳ
۾һЦ
һЦ
ͻȻľӴĳֱȡͷ­
ȻѲЦŽƣװͿͻȻ֣ԸһɱǾҪСˡ
˿̣ľ֮ǰѬѬ̬Ѿʧȡ֮׺֮ɫ
ղŵȷǹװǸģΪľԷ֮ģȻͻȻֱеǸꡣ
ô˿̣Ҳ׹Լˣ˼ң˼ҰԼˣˡ
õģǡǡԼΪľνľ顣
Ǻǣ㲻ΪλôҶЦʡ
ʵڷӦ߲ܸľ֮Ѿ˶Բߣں϶ĶԻݸľӵһϷѡ
Ҷ֪ľ϶ѡֱܣΪ֪һᱩ¶ټ϶й۲죬ҶŻװʧ䣬˵ʲôºĻ
ֻҶȴ߹˸ľӵ̣ΪԷСĽʱڲٳ˼ңû뵽һﲻȵһص˵ء
˵ʵҶеʧֱȤ֮ؼ׼ˡ
ģӵ·ľӣ϶ӰѾſڡ
һŵǸŮޣʱóһɷ
Ǻǡ϶Цһ̧־һƣɲǴҹ㣬˵һŹ׶ˣѪڳʲôµû
飡
ľӵɳȥײǽϣղźҶԻһƣȻûֱӽУ׶͵ѾˣֻŮ޳֣ȴܲˡ


444 ҹ
飡
϶һܴ󣬸ľײǽֱӰǽײһӡ
ڵأʹķߺҪǰ㡣
ҶǺЦװˣ֪㻹к֣ϣ㻹ʵһЩø졣
ԣľӹȻֱվ׼װһһģȻСһﲻݣơ
˿ȴһƣװװҲûʲô̫˼ˡ
ٺ٣û뵽ݺʮ꣬쾹ȻССľӹЦƺвҡ
Ҳݺ֣ҶЦʡ
ģƲӣľһۣʱ֮ǰҲѧѧ˼ӢĻ̨ʣû뵽СӾȻһҲ
ƲѹͲۡҶȥˮֵֻɫۿһ۵ʸûС
СӣĪҪ̫ɢԱ˭Ҳľӿʼ
ɢԱǺǣԡҶݲȣһʦɢԱ˵ֱκв
ľ۷֪ڶʲô˼
Ȱ㻹ʡˡ϶ԽϼһԽ뱻ץסĺ꣬ʹ
ͨ
ľͻȻһҲʱɫһʼ˲Ϊת֮죬ֱզࡣ
ҲװƺڵĸͽοΪѰ˴ˣԺҲˡľӿధ
Ҷ϶һۣһȻ̬֮л磬ݼʵܲ
ģͲģдһձȻҪ촦
ɣҲû׼ʲôƲˣȵ·ˡҶ쵹һˮ͵ľǰ
Ҷٽһ̣ԺĿľ˸źâҲ֪ϼһû֡
Ҷɫǲмɫ֮ͷȥ
Ȼʵ̶զأܶеģ˵͵ϮҲ첻κв
ӹˮľӶ˵ߣֿʼһŹݺºۼ
һݵĺ񣬺ַ걯ζ
˱ˣϽİɡҶ첻ͷĴߴٵɲʲôŮֻɫȻ˿ͬ顣
ô˵Ҳ̫׼ȷͬ黹еģҲС
ľӳ̾һˮһҶ죬ƺҪ˵Щʲô
㻹л˵й»Ȼ֮ԴǣҶЦʵ֪һ϶лˡ
ľ΢΢죬ƺҪ˵Ҷȫעڡ
ৣ
ǣûпڣֱӽ豭Ҷȥֻǲ豭;ͻȻըѣƬ絶նҶ졣
ȲҲʵŪ˼ҵıӡ
ҶЦһֱ˷絶ƬȻǰӭ
飡
ƬҶǰͻȻֵİͼ֮ϣΪ촷ۡ
ڸľӱĿУҶѾĲ֮ϣֻҪ΢Ĳͻᱻֶϡ
ɱңɱңܻһɱҰ
һ̸ľиܵвҲκλ˼ֻܸģǱ֮
ʲôܡҶû֣һһգһš
УаľӼĲУҶ첻š
˵ҶҲʹԼУңһҲ˽ҪϾҶڵǿȣͳǿ߶ܱȼ硣
ѵͲô֪ƺҪҵ𣿡ľӼлᣬʮ˷ܡ
ӵͨûк³ŶҶϼ
ȿȿȡľӲϢͿ˼ҶּۻԴ˻Ҳûлͳˡ
˵ˣҲܻ˵϶ûˡѡ֣ýֺͷҲó
ƺ©Ϣľӽе
ԣҶɿֲ֡Ϊľ˵飬ƺӣݬûʲôɴСֵġ
֣֮ΪҲûɱľӡΪԱ̽Ϣ
Ա˵ľ˼֮ԵܺãҶϲȤĬͷСͬҲû˵ʲô£ԭеļåƦȫ˺ܶࡣ
ȻåƦ϶ΪľģΪܵϰߣȨѡ
˽Ϊû²ҪҪ֮ȷȷû£ΪûڳҲûʲô̫ϵ
֮ﲻ⡣
ΪϾ֮ǰ̫Ķ£ƺҲ׽
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ԣҶɱӿʱѸľŵöɸ
㻹Ϊһᱻŵô
᲻ᡭľҡͷ˵ȷʵˣǡǡ
£˵˿ûˡҶŵ
Ҳǲ˵˵֮ѱľ죬ȻУǸ˱Ҷ컹Ҫ¡
ҶͻȻüľӵķӦǸ˺пƺڵ
˵ĻھͿ·ҶŻһ䣬ľӵʱͿˡһҶɣĻɫ֮ǰôΪ˵ġ
ǡƺڵ״ӡľӾɨܡ
ģûбˡҶ찲οһ䣬״Ȼֹƺ״Ӻܶ࣬޹ʹС
ֻ״ӣ
״ӻ
ߣܹṩмֵҿԱƺҶɫ˵
ɶ
ϻ˵
ľ𾪺ܾòŻɫѾҰ֮ΪеˣҲߣ
߼м䣬ζ֪
ҶͨѾ³˴ţ˶ҲǺԼӵͬݣߣ
ֻһĵӱɡ
ֻǵĹߣΪ˰ʹвҵġľӴʡ
ʵǣһӣҶת
Ĳ˵ľֱĶŴ⡣
Ҷͷһ˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻһ㴰ֽ澹ȻһԼӰ
϶СģҶ쾪һ϶ȥ
飡
ҵײò
С᷿ǽֱ̮ɻҼѩ衣
Ҷ켰ʱ֣϶ûܵ˺ֻ˶ͷ𾪣ʲôʵܱܿҶĸ֪Ϣĳһ֮⣡
ң
ʱڴҺɵҶ֮󣬸ľѾһͷ­õʬ塣
྿Ŀģ
Ҷ콫ȭͷ߬죬ʵĿɻҾ
һӰһšֻЦա


445 
ҶǵӰʧķþûջĿ⣬ԼãѾֻϢô򵥣пܹϵƺδһЩ¼
ʼǱڸľߣͬΪߣ׻˭ءҶջĿ⣬Ժиֳߵ
գ涨񡭡
Ī
˭϶ҲǺܾȣҶڵʵ˵ƺһ̳û˿߶
ã˱һ̳ƺڣһ̳Ҳ߰˶ѡ
߰˵ʵͳ綨֮ϣǣûܹҶƤӵ¸ڡ
ȻҲųʵĿܣƺֵطҪʵҲһ׵顣
ҶӣڵҺͳѪ޲ܣں˫ٵУһ
ܶʱ򣬲ĵǿԤϺͶܵģ浽һ죬չ¶ʵֻбҵķݶ
ֱ׵Ļ˵Ǿɼ
ѵѫ϶˼Ƭ̣ʵ
Ҷû˵ƺһУֻˣǱƺڵ˽³ΪĴ塱ȴĴƸϯӡ
УƸƸΡƸϯӼµ͵˵ѡƸǶռͷҶ졢ϯѫ
ѫ˭϶϶˴˾ѫΪ˶ûɺͶΡǵ͵Ҹ嵨ҴҲй˵ܹɳ˭Ҳš
ȻҶ˵СȦӲǺܺϣµĹϵӦҲˡ
ѫʼպҶȥֱҶΪжд̣ȻºҶ첢ûֱӹϵܸҶκλͰѱ
ѫĿ
Ȼ϶ķҶ첢Ǻͬ
Ϊ˭ƺͨĵӣȻ飬ǾͿ϶ҪɱڣͶԹ޹ء
һ㣬ѫȻȨҰĺܴвصĵطθɽկľٶӦҲ顣
Ҳʱʹ˷仯ϸ룬ûжɡڵѫȻλܵҶвھƸһ֮֮ϡ
Ϊϯӣ»ɵѹҶ½һؾĨġ
Ҷķ϶Ҳüͷʵû˭ѵ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷֵ˵ͷΡ綼ڣһҲ޷ųΪκ˶ûжɣκ˶п¡
ңʵҵĿɲֹǼˡҶתͷĿ˸˸Ŀ϶һˡ
ʲô˼
ΪΪֻƺڵӲŻ£ûЩʵ֮ϵˣȫѾҪǮˣ
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϶Ҷ켸ۣԼãõĽƺڽᷢһ£ҪǣҶܿѾ޴ı֮С

ľһնϣȻҶãһЩ˿ҲǸֳֻЩҪصƺ֮ˡ
Ҳɣ˵ĳ֣һҶоƺƺĹɭɭ
˿ԸԼ˫ȻҲɺԣ˷ָľνʮΣգҪѸټᵽһ
£ǰĳطеĲʿμ
˵򵥺ܼ򵥣˵ҲѣֻµĴʽˡ
ųϵ÷ʽһҶŷɵų˻λú
ڿνû˿չǼļѾȫòľԱıѺͱ㵼κ˶Σ¸û취а
ӵϢҶ϶̣ĵҲʲôˣºͶİΣҪ
̵ͬʱųҲѾɻأϢѾɣڸ˵һϡ
ҶּæµĻλø֪Լڵ򼯺ϡ
պҶ϶һҿջм¡
ǵҵļ򵥡˿ûвʲôҶ϶񣬻ЦΪԼѡ
½㣬ûиоʲôҶɫʵ
ºǲ⡣
ƺڿҪˣܿܲƽ¶СһЩҶ˵ţתͷܣϴε飬ʼնоײĵطһ˫۾ڶԼ
ȻǺ£෴ģ޲һ·ԼΪֻҪ˸٣Ǿͳ¶š
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ˣСĻбҪģܹʵԶͳ綨ϣСӦԣ׳Դ
رºͶǵͳǿߣǾֻбŰɱķݶΪûκ㹻ĺ֡
ˣ϶ǸҶһЩϾı֮ͳ綨ҲҪ˱ᣬƸĵҾõӡ
û˵ô²ΪЦţҲǣһ·˳˳ˮ˵ƺļˣЩѹĴ塱ͷˡ
ľַش֮Ҷü˵ô˵Ϊ˸ٵ飬һ޴ȱ㣬ǾϲվڸߴĸоȻվڸߴȨ޹أֳԽݡһͷһЩĻ׾ͻҪ鷳
Уѵˡ˴ǲΪ⡣
ˣ˵ˣϸ˵Ҷ֪ıһ˵ĹԸѣҲȰ˵ûҲ뿪̫ԶʲôӦǿչ˵ĵġ
ǼһͲңǾǼȥģҪƵ˵
ԣҶȴһЦʵ½㣬ǲֱҵ˼ң˵԰
µ˵ͷʾĬϡ
ôУ㻻λ˼һ£ż彫Ҫ۶ᣬ׽һһѣȻͻȻðһ˵Ҫ㣬𣿡
ҡҡͷʾͬ
ô죿ѲһҪĳĸͰ
Ҫͣʵ򵥲ȥƽҶظһ־ڱصõģ
ô簡
ˬʵЦ룬һ·糾ͣһϡ


446 ½
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ȻǸ֮ʿҲУΪͨЧϡ
˼½½̣֮ʿ½̵ܣΪ½
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磬԰ֱַչʱˡ½ЦŴ½̣кܲ˴ʡԼһ
ܣǾǵ֮½ҽˡ½ɫصĶҶ죬Ҷղųֵļ½ȻףĶֻ֣ǲ֪ΪΣȴҪ½ңĪҲµģ
½ּˡǰ֣Ȱ˵½ֻ̣ȴ
λŮ֮ԩ޳Ϊƣ½ʮΣµʵҲǼʶġ
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λͰɣϷֶ֮½ʵǿػ󣬱ֶΡ
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£ȻҪãѲһüʹ߲Ҫ˵
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ȻֻǴʵѣδӴ࣬޷֪ǹӱĳԳ
ˣϻˡҶ˰֣ͷʵ˭Ӧս
ս㣡
һԽڶ˶ȥ½һ̳С
ҶЦһ̤ʩչأѾһŽߵĵɻȥ

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½Ҳֻܰ̾һ֪Ҷ֣һս¾ǶĽࡣ
ܺ˷Ѿ˼½ʹʲôơ½ҡҡͷһݱɫΪҶ½ԸԼģ½꣬ҲǸղűҶһ߷ɵǸСҲֻΪ˱ԼֵĿƶѡ
һ½˵һҲ֪Ҷʲô·ôͻȻð˳ôˡ
½̣½Ҽֽ̼С½Ҷǰ˵
½ʵĪ⣬СӲ֮⡣Ҷ칪֣̬Ϊǫ𾴡
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ιˣѵҪ½һ⣿½üʵûƢֻǲ򲻵Ѳѣ͵Ϻһ
Сģ½СѾãĲҺ֡ҶԴǿУ˵ѡ
½ԽԺˣ⵽ʲôôȥ⼸񲢲ΪԼء
磬㻹Ǻʲô㶯ְ½ЩȲˣΪҶղһţֱӰСߵĻԹȥ
ţ½԰ɣҶָ½üΪ˵
½ûôõƢҶ飬ֱӾ붯֡
һ£½ŷӦԼǶ֣½̵ˡ
ұΪ˺еģ˵㲻ⷽԲǧǿôҶüʵ
ң˶ʦѡ½Ϊ⣬Բǧ֮⣬ߵҲʦ󣬿ʮ꣬νǰ;
֪Ҷʮ˾ѾﵽŶʦĳ̶ȣɫ˲ͻûҰס
˶ʦĺǿ˾ϲǿ˹СҶЦЦֵ˵ҵƺڵӣǷʦ֮Ϊ½֧һ¹
ԣ˶һѹô裬ֱŶ룬ԭƺڵĸͽ
֪ô֣½üʵνǿѹͷߣɲҶݡ
Ȼ֪Ҷߺ״ӵݣ˵ǿҲ֡
Ȼǰѡе֮ʿ֮λأ޵֮˾֮Ҷ˵ʱ½۾
˵ģ½৵һȺ𣬵μҴ簡Ŷԡ
ʲô˼ҿĳ½ǿߡҶЦЦ㲻Ҳ˵𣬰˶ʦֻǶѡ
Ҳãҽ͸㳤ʶһ£½ҿɲ˭ģ½˫۱亮⣬ѾҶ켤Ĵ쵱˵ѵƺڵӣǼ֮λҲᱻӲˡ
ܺãӮˣƺ֮λҲֻⷽԲǧǼҸ㵱ȷ棬㻮СҶ쵱ŵŵֻ½ֶζѡ
ԣ½Ȼ󶯣ļһֱͷ󻼣ΪЩ˶½̽ãԼϼ֮λǿ»УҲһֱûֱӴ۶֮λԭ֮һ
£СӾȻ˵ĻǼֱٺòˡ
֮ǰɢϢҲǰ˶ʦʵѣ߷½һȻϬʵ©½ţѧԼ֮ϡ
ǾͿʼ½˷ܣȫ֪Ҷһֱڲ׾ΪľϹ


447 ѵ½
˰ںƣ˷׷˵ʮɿ⣬Ǻף˶ʦֶָԾನᲨܴΧ
º϶ȴվԭزЦݵ·һ㡣
½Ҳùǣ˭ҲëǮϵֻм½ǰȰ˵䡣
İϸ磬֮ڱɼʤܣƴɵĻᶼûСΪҶԺ˵
ԣ½΢΢üһ˵ѵƺڵǿһز
ȻȰԾȥˣ½ҲٶԣԼ˵һԡ
СӣлҳΪλĵʯˡ½ڱصãߵҶС˵
˾ϲΪ֡Ҷ컹Ц˿ְɡ
ǡ½ҲЦһȻɫͻȻתһѾ˳
һƷ·̺棬˴ıӿ
Уҵ֮󻹲ԶҲҶǰ׳󡣡ƲƲ죬м˵
飡
ȻֻҶн𣬾ǳŶԷûʩչɵʱͽ˻ȥ
½ɣ㵲Ҷ졣
½ҲǴʧɫ׷׸о½Ҫ
Ǻǣӡ½˦˦ЩƣΪղǴνǱҶʵѹˣֻԼжѡ
ҳඣСˡ
˵գҶڿն˫ۼ磬Хɱ
׶¾һû뵽̶̼ʱ䣬ҶѾ׶Ķĵز
Ҫ֪ͶϰѧӰٺͽƻüײŸոƿϤѡ
½Ҷ쾹ȻҪԼʱЦһߵ˰˶ʦֵز˭ǸշҲҪǸС
ֻͺһ˫ƼȻĳ޴ӰҼͳգۼﵽĥ̴С

죬޴ӰͬɽҶɱ
СҶò˱ܣֱȭȥ
飡
ӰӦɢ˿ûܶҶκ谭һڴɢӰ֮Ȼ˳һ֣ɢȥĿŤת½ȥ
⡭ô˿̣½ʶԣǰƺڵĵӣʵԶԼһǰ㡣
һΡҶֹͣƣӿն䣬½ǰһɴ
㣡½ӣһŰͨ죬ܲ˺Ҷ졣
ôã
ͷ½ܻٹ۵ȴһӰȻֻһȴ֮ǰһҪǿ
Χɳʯʼ׷׸ӰȻһԡ
Ӱƣ½ʲôʱˣ½̺ǳԾЩǵĿҶ죬Ҫ֪½ҵĵһؽ׶Ʒѧ
Ǻǣ̫ˣ˵С벻κδ㡣Ҷ˿̾Ȼ˫֣һ絭ģ
СӣӲܸκκô½ҧ󽫼ӰƷӵ
Ҷ쾲ţ׼һ½ɥʧĵ飬ǾӲ

ԽԽ죬Ӱ½ȫ֮߳ԽƴΧɳʯ׷׾ۼӰҲʼʱ䡣
һʼĵһľ޴ӰѾģ·Ӱͬʱڲƺֻһݡ
ҪãҶװ͵ʵ
ȥ䣬½Ѿ޴Ӱ˳ȥ
һɵľ룬˶ʦȫĹһ̾µ˶ΪҶһ亹˵СҲ̫дˡ
½ˣ˼½֮⣬˶ЦΪҶֱѰ·һƣҪôǿķѧӲӡ
ˣ
ʱҶͻȻʢǿҵĹâ̵ֱĿţ㱼䣬սϲɱӡ
䣡
޴ӰֱӡҶϣ˱ɢͷɻҽӣѿ塣
Ǻǣɻ˵ʵȫԾ˭Ӯ˭仹治һ½Ŀ˿ԼĽЦ˵
𣿡
ԽͬадȻֻһţʮٵǧֱϼ⣬ҶӰ˳
û˿ƺ谭
⣡½ЩŵõڵأǿȻԷһëû˵˭¶Խܡ
ؽ׶Ʒ˶ʦŲţʵ˵ֱֵһᣬɱ㣬һֻϻ򵥡Ҷ½ǰѾɢȥ¶Ц
Ҳţ費ţ½һĿȻ̧Ҷͷ­
ҶǲȭֻһֱӰ½ۺϣ
ǰǰһ죬޴֪ݻ½ۣ׶еľֱ۾Ȼ˲ӿڡ
ۣ
½һѪ׵ܵشֱ̱ȥ
һȭѣһǺֱϣȻһ˶ʦʧȥսֲֿʵ֮ͬУûܹһ֮
˿ֻ̣½ɵۣ¶϶ҲǴһ˽Ҷ죬ǵ͹
ʵĪͳ綨ǿߣ½̳ճտڣ͡
϶ˣôͨҲ֪ĸ˵Ѿȫû֮ǰֳӺõ̬η𺳡
½㣬˵ҶСǲѾﵽͳ綨ˣװŶʦأͷʵ
ܣͳ綨½˿̿嶼ᱬѡǼгҶӽͳ綨ˣҲǶͳ綨Ը˽һЩ
ôôǿʡ
ΪҶ졣϶ĿҶ죬˵
ԣתͷ϶һֹۣǸյӡ
Żա϶ûİ˶һֵۣѵ𺳻ࣿҲϲҲô˵
µ˵ͷʾͬҶǸˣаȻ˿֮ʡ
㶨Ҷ֣һԵõģ
ܣ½ŷӦٱ½ߣǵܵģΪ½ֵһˣڣѾֻʣֵˡ
Ҳ֪ҰȴԲԭ
ģֻǾԣձɻָֻղ΢еûƺȣ˵ˣҪĵŲº󻼡Ҷ½˵
л顣½̵ǳϿңҶһ
½ˣ˵ʵǴ˴ǰΪ˰ڻѾƺˣϣܹȥҶ콫ãĳ˵
ʲô½̴һƺڿľ۴ڣԼ־ȻѾӣǺεȵҫ
ǺǣˣպٸΣһѵġҶɨһüΪ񶾵۹ⶢԼ½
½ױҶˣĿһȥҶĻ֮󣬿Ҳ±ӶҴ֮λˡ


448 
ƽ½ԲɣͬʱҲΪ½̹˼ĵλ¿νԲ
ҶҪ뿪½ִ̰ԣ˼ҵʳû취ֻ½Ҷһ졣
һУҶͨ½̵˽⣬ԽԴ˸еȻʵǺǿȴһżΪĵأΪ˾һƽ񣬲ϧ֮ǰʵƴ½ϵף¼ֱ಻ʤ
Ϊ˳׽½̵ĺ֮ǣҶ쵱½˵˰ӣ½̼Ϊƴǣ˼Լʲ𡣵Ҷ˵ֻһƶѣҲͰ
ȻҲȷȷֻһƶѡҶ쾴½̵ΪˣȴǺܺϵϾ½̿ڱտڶʲôҶȥ
Ҷߵݣѹ£鴫ȥ֮˭Ҳ׶½Ҷˡ
ߵ֣һܹģ
һҶ뿪½һطƺڡ
Ҷ죬զǰóҫһȤʵȻ֪ҶֻΪ˽ˣû취ô
ҫôҶ첢ûнֱͣӷһ䡣
˵СӲ·ư
һ·Ц֣ڷƺڡ
ŵĵӾȻֵϴǼˣǿɳˣҶطƲڹάһ״ӣܵҶǰ
ҶҲܣϾ˼ƨɳ˼Ҳ̫á
򵥵Ӧ˼䣬һͬǰ˻׵ȥˡ
һ񼶱Ǻܸߣ˻Ĺ׵Ҳ࣬˼һһǧ㡣
ǧֿ֮ʵڶһʲôõѧԴҲûԼϢգٴγɽ
صס֮Ҷ£
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ʵѾȫԺĴϯӷͥ
ѫΡҲû˲ѧѡ
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ȻǶǵжҶ˺ϻѶҪϲ٣ˣ̶ʱͶһıѧǺܶ붼Ҫզ顣
죬Ҷ¶϶ٹ棬޵ĳڲ֮ǰ
Σز̫ϳ϶۾ۿһۡ
ȻֻһۣҲñĽˡҪ֪ƺڣλʵޱߵ̫ϳϣĴƸ
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ҶҶ죬˵ѡһãɤӺ
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Ȼ϶ǲֹҶ켸ˣΪƺϰڷܵҲѾʱĻܹ˹׵㣬ֻͣⱲҲƺڳͷˡ
ſ궼֣ͷıҶȼˡ
λʦܣ鷳СЩ˼һǵĸܡһ䶼ʮϵһ߷һ˵
Ǳ߿ȥֹǳϣ
λʦ֣ʵڲ˼û棬һζһѧ˷ܡҶ뿪Ų˵
˵˵ͷҲ˵˵עЩͺãĪҪЩɾ;͵Ρ
ʲô˼ˣô͵ˣֻ˷ܶѣͲţʦֵһѡѧʱﲻ˷ܣ
ҵ˼ף·ҪߵĳԶһһϦ֮ʦҧĽ֣һĪģ
ˡҶס˻ҪĶѾˣǼһ˵ͷͷǵʵֻǸ֮ƺڶϰ˺þòŻ쵽һѧǵ֪˼±˻ѧ飬ǾĴ漵ʣļҡ
˷Ϻǽ棬ֱԽۡ
ʦˡҶЦŹ˹֣˵һӣҲֿġ
ֻǵ˵ͷʼնû̧ͷҶһۡ
Ⲣ֪Ҷ죬෴ģҶνΪ˽⣬ͳΪߵ꣬ʵʲѡ
ƾʲôƾʲôһ·˳˳ˮпܳΪһ֮ԼŬϰƴùȴһϵλã
û־һʵѾ̫ĵӣĹ·ǳΪƺҵϡ
ҵкôͷúôֱһ£
СӣװǸʲôҵᣬҶҪÿ̧ͷҶ뿪ķ򣬺޺޵˵

ҶŶһС˵ȥǣ˶ǹҲ磬ǶĽʺޣͲҸᱩһٺԼء
˭˭һأĹǺڻô
ɲŻ㣬˵㣬Ҳûպһϸ£ʵȺ˲ƺڵӱеĶڡҶ˵һ٣ͻȻЦõƺǿѾ̫ˣ䣬϶ˡ
Цأ˵㣬ΪҶ˵ȷʵǸȺ˶Ѿƺϰʮ꼸ʮ겻ȣûѹ׵ľǼֱͷҲûʲôˡ
ƺڿǴշģҲ˵ֻɫ϶൱µʵͱ׼ҲҪͳ綨֮ϡ
ЦءҶЦЦûξЦˣЦǸòȻĻɫ
ˣѡѧʵò⣬ȿҶѡʲô
ȻѡãⱾҶ˵Ŵӻȡһѧ
ԣ


449 
ûԣԺҵѹ׾ˡҶ콫еѧҡҡӺ⡣
ҵѡʲôءֿʼǿǸãĸҪ
Ȼѡһѧˣڷѧнƻüףֻ֮ٶȲˡҶ
̾˿ֵѧ̤
ԣҶһۣûĵû̹㣿Ҫѧʽ
룬Ҳǣһһʺҵİɡ
֮ҶŶڲһͨҹ䣬ѡһѧǵؽѧɳء
Լʱÿ˶ѡԼѧ
һ϶ҲѡһһƷսѧΪҫս塱ɹأ϶˵ҪʩչƯĺܡ
һ˵ѡѧı׼ࡣ
ʵϣҶȴ֪϶ڼı֮μֱ޽⣬ѧҲûʲôҪгһı֮һΣʦһǿѪطΪ
ôѡһѧɻ
զˣͣѾڷſɳˡ
ҾúòѡһѧӦѡ񹥻߷ŶԡɵƵĿ˶ֵۣͬΪѧһ׽ѧĹ׵ȴֻܶһһؽѧ㲻ô
ԣ˷ۣȻҶ죬ϣҶܹһĽ͡
ңԼġҶҲԸͣһֱеɵ
Ȼ׽߷ѧ͵ؽѧĹ׵࣬ʵǸǧһֺõѧܶʱǿĽҪҪ
һ̤Ѿ֤仰˵ѧΨ첻ƣ
ֻҪ㹻ٶȣǾͿ޵䡣
ɵҲ˵Цģ㻹ˡĽЦһͨٲŷӦҶôŪԼ
½㣬ѡʲôѧҶʵ
ѡĻǷѧ

һ㶣һѾѡһѧûɣôֻһ˵಻ѹҲô˷ѹ׵㰡
Ƕʲô飬ѡĻӰ٣ڵؽǱĻϵĽװ棬˵൱ڰӡͰԱӡĹϵɣֻǻڷ϶ѡ½͵
ĽͣȻĻΪ²ƴء
ѡ˸Եѧ˶ʱҲٳȥˣҲбҪϢһʱˣǼϢһֱ⡣нӵ񶼾һսԣνʮƣۡ
ǰ֮ټʱ򿴿˭ѧǿһЩҲЩȣϾѧͺ͵Ҫһʱú͡
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ҶѸʼתͬʱ˫ٵ飬ǺҶ쵥Ҳǻͬİ·
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ԱߣмƺŮӾ֮׷һɫ
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һʼ»Ϊͱ⣬˵ʲôƸ֮ߵ̫˺ҲԽףƲЩѡ
ֱҶѸٵ̬Ȳŷһĸı䡣֪ôȴִҪѹҶһͷ˼˵Ť
ºϵԽԽ٣ϵҲս䵭ֱ֣һμѾȥ˺üµʱ䡣
ȻˣôɫҵȻҪúףһЦţͺʲôûиоһ㡣
磬½㣬ţ˰ҶǰкȻϲ𣬵˱Ͼµİ£ϻ˵ùȥġ
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ߺЦ£ڿƺһ̳еĴˣԺɲҪʲôѶύඣݡ
ԣɫ৵һ³˼ԣڰԶ̨档
ҿɲһƸδӰˣûôļӺôߵݡ䵭Ļش
˵ʲôأٵƸ󣬸֮λҲֲҰءЦţֻЦȴЩӲͺƺ仰ϡ
ӦԼоڽʲô
Ͼİ£Ȼ˹ϵս䵭վĵ׻һϲ˵𣬸֮λûôҪϣա
ȴǴЦЦĺ񣬺һ˵ģûʲôͼһ֮Ǻǣ˵ȷ󡣡
ʵҲû˵ѣУƺǸ۵λãռĿ꣡
£ǵƸһ磬ܹμӵĶһЩϣ˵μӡ
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ΪĲǳʲôͷﻹǾСطΪߣҲ޷ϯᲢۣ˵ˣЩʸ
סµļ˵ҽһϲǲƸطҲȥʱһʦǰ˵һҪ顣
ѵ顭ͷһǸ棬Ѿ˺þãڹϵЩ仰֮ǲɵĸоһҸ


450 磿
صסʱһ˵Ҷſڣ˵ķӦǵƸӡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ǵƸĹУôеƸӵá
ĪǣǹʦϢ
ͷһ󼤶͹νϧԴǴεİɱ¼֮󣬹㱻ɳĳִʲôȥˣѾûϢ
λʦ֣֪кιɡҶǰȥϴһʦ֡
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ҶҲãԵƸĵҲûʲôøУټԼڶԷмֱǿǺɷĴڣҲûҪá
˭ţҶʵ
׹ӵġ˫ֵż㣬Ļش
Ⱥɫ˫ڳһֺû˺̨ıӻȫ˪ӣˡ
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ģҶһ׹ӱƺڵ˶ϲôΪ
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صУҶŷ⣬ݾҶϵƸ硣
ʲôͼҶˣĪҪȻ˫ϣԼ֣ϰںúԼλ
ң֮ǰͼʱΪʲôֱ˵ء
һжЩϳѵ˫ٺʲôڣҪٽְԼƭƸȻԼ߸һһ˫
һҶĿ󣬱ϾǵƸͷ˫Ȼ⣬ʵȼֱ˲һǰ㣬δλûŻã˲֣»治֪Ứ˭ҡ
ԣܿѾ˫ΪжҶ͸˵ˣǿεĶŪҶ졣
ҪҪϵһ𣬻ͨҲи׼Ҷţµˮ
Ƭ̺ųŷɣ鲻òضԴµᣬµǵʱ˲ӣ´Ϊѡ
ʵҶȫǶˡⳡȴһֳ죬ֱ֮ӺҶ˵Ϊǲ󸽽кܶˣҶֺͶһԼҶ죬Щʧݡ
ңҲ͵Ƹ֮λϵΪһλ֮λ϶ΣʵʵĴȨУҪӡ
⣬Ҳرںһ֮λҪվƺ۷λá
Լʱ֮ų˻Ҷ췢ȥż㣬ûκݴء
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Ǳ˭ǱҲûʲô˼ǸжԷүүʷע룬һ϶Ӯӡ
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˶ſ˭ʱƷ羹ͬʱƫûеըֱϮһͷģΧȺڡ

⧲ʱ㱻ĺ֮ԶҪʹתԪ壬µ͵ñϼ߹ǡ
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Ҷ죬Ұܰɣ

һ޴Ӳʷֱۼ۶ֱҶ졣
һ̣ʷΪԼڱصãҶǵЦ֮ûɱһ¶
飡
ҶֱۼͬӿһɾǾȴӿ׶ͬ챼ף嫺˵죡
״ʷɫ˲Ұȥ֪ԼҪˣ


452 ˺
飡
ӣըףԶĽӴĵطΪģһɿµĲ
ΧȺ漱ˣǱƵվȣҲͳ綨ĸֻһ̳תԪܿסΡ
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˽˶ܹʷѾ·磬ȻȴֻʺһƵУҶԴԴϵע뾢ǵֿ˶ˡ
ңҶֱϵƺԪ屾ֻܵҪ岻࣬пݽߡ
ܿ죬˱ϳһѧǷ׶
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ϰ׶ʵڶԴѧϤޱȣῴ˵̾Ϣһ׶ѡĵһѧʱصı׶ĳԣֻܳʱϰȥܴͨذҪ壬ֻܷ
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ңҶ첻׷ˣҲûƺڴȥˡϾ˭Ӯ˭Ѿڱ棬ܹ˵ˣҲ˵Լġ

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Ȼ⻹ֻۡ
ط翴ҶķӦͷ˼𣬵ʱرʶբ
飡
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ͺӱһȭǰ㣬ֱҵ߻أЩڵء
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ʦǡ̫ˣҶ첻
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ҶһЦһһϸȻԼطⲽੲݵ߶񡭡


ɽǰҶ˳ȡһһûд϶ΪϾҪȥ¥˵
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ʵʵҲûҪڽƻü֮ϣ¶һѧɳأгԳҲͬʱʵҲͻƵʦ綨
Դ˿ͣҶǰ԰һ֡Ȼ֪ҶѾͻƵͳ綨ո϶һʵķԾ
ǾͱȻȻҶҲȤεͻƼֱʷһΣ˿̵ֱȶҪ˷ܣҲȡһԭ򣬷ֻɽ죬Ǽٹ׵ûΪĲҸĿ֤һսѡ
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һ΢ڷѧյɵʱ򣬿ŰȵĶԽ
ȻŵͻжӦ㣬һѧٶȲر졣ִ̤ٶѧҪһء
Ҷ챾ڱĿϢöȻ۾ǣû뵽һѾǰ
Ҷûз£߷ľȴǰҶ촵һԣպøҶ췴ӦĻᡣ
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ͬʱо̺ڳѪеҲ˹Ѫţһ֮С
飡
˶һƣɳȥش죬ˤĸ߻ء
ҡҶǰȥ
Сӣǲͻˣ㵵ʵ
Ȼ㿴ˣҲͲˣСүүҲеͳǿˡҶһ⣬֮˵ؼɻ䡣
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찡ҲͻƵģ
˲ߣεĵ˵ͷ


459 
ԾǳȻЩСʧ䣬ﻹΪҶе˵ġ
ܿ죬Сʧ˳תĸˣŵľҪȺȾףһ
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ҶԺãò˵ҵľ洿󾢴󣬴˿ҲӿƤء
˵Ҷ죬Сû鷳˵𶼱ˡֵһ룬ûȶ˵һ롣
ʲôԴ֮Ҷνʹ˿ֵǰҲΣ˵ôˣ
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ͳ¶ɫԴӻĳԳѪҺ֮ͻٶȵõһҶȥԶҪͻƵͳ綨ûһĹ⾰Ѵﵽ
ôûģҶЦ
ĵУʱⰡеζûܰѾƾȵУ˿Ҳ΢һЩ
ңƺĿãͻƵͳ綨Ūö綨ˡһƷʷǳѵãĿԼĶ֣ġ
ܹԼ͵֮Ĳ࣬äĿԴһֺѵõƷʡ
Ǻǣģûô˵ҶһͲ⵹Ҳû̫󻵴ʢ˵Ӻζ
ˣһʱҲǼȾơ룬˹˵Ⱦ
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󣬸Ű˵ÿڵӣɫţʶ˲֮͵ʵ
ˣʣУǺ㡣
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ôĿôҲһСϴ󣬹ؼʱ֪ȶģǿ򶨣ŭȳ
Ҷ˿ҲǺȵĴˣ˶е˫ӰҪ֪Ƕҵʿȵ̶ֳȣˡڳϣٴľҲѪˡ
üţԽǰԽ񣬿ȥȻҡһ䣬ĳ
ǰҶĻаϻһѾ˳ȥ
ҡҡͷ;ټҶٶ̫죬һ¾Ȼûܿ壬ֻоһ߹ιǱѾ˶һ졣
ƵתҶ֮ǰӿֻ񹶻Ƿ߶ֱ֣һƾӡ˹ȥ
߶ʦʵﵲסҶĹں߾ٶȻ˲٣üᵶǰԻ

һ죬ıֱӱĳأôʱȻˣŶһء
󣬰ÿڵӴʧɫǻôǿءһĶı·¸ûеֿ֮
ҶһûܱеǰߣЩƣ˿Ժ֪ؾƺ۵Ļ
׶ҪľͲܷӳ
ʲôľϣ׶ķոҶֱӳ֣ôо
ǵ˭֪øƺڵ״ӣѾʶԼĩսǰƽʱҰݡ
ԣҶ΢״Ȼ벻ķۣҲЩõĴڣԲЩԥҪҪӡ
һͷո㱻ѹ˻ȥ
ӲӣȻǾҪԳ
ľ֡
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ףҶתߣȺÿڵһۡ
㵵ĿţֻҶʶЩ̫һˣǰԵֱΪսĸо
ǣٸִǡûõֵĻᣬǺǴץסװƵĻᡣ
һҲͬ׼طҶ˵ֱӳ֣ĿûüڣȻҶѪ
ֻ˰ʱʱ䡣ңʱ˷˸·ϣ⣬Բյʱ䡣
֮˻صջϢҶ챻׶İָ˳̬
ʱ̵ᵽƺ۵˼ָ㣬׶˿ɲֹһΣ
֪ЩֻҶȶ˷裬Ҳûжʡ
ڶ죬˯Ժ֮򵥳ЩʳȻ˷ǰ¥
һ·ϣֻˡ
ΪģֻΪһڿʱ˵Ǿ仰
˵ûУϿú;̱𣡡
ǰ˵ͬһνһȭֵĻᶼûУǴģ
ǲкܶСôѵûһӵϣ
ɶϰ˵ˣֵǸֻСɫĴһԿţû֣
ɶ˲еԵǸֻСɫ
û֣˵Ǵﳤá
˵ͻȻоһ£ͷȥֻһ຺վԼЦš
ǲǳһ̵ĶֱţƵ˼㡣


460 
һʵǿСһҹ֮ƷľҶѸľݿ
ȻʲôŶ۸ӵĹϵȴͬһ㣬һ˻ײҶ
һȴƺûκι˼ɣУֻ׶ԾǱȥģ˳ͻ֮д˾١
ҶľϵһϣҶϾֻһʮ꣬Դӽƺ֮󣬼ûôֵĵطЩ˷ܣҿĿϾӡ
֮෴ģȴŵźĶһҲϡ
ԭ򣬻Ҫ԰ݿʼ
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Ҷ쿴Ŷֱ飬Цѣ˵еôû¸ԼҶ
һһ죬һǰһ¥ڵĵط
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С㣬ǻȥɣ̫ȣСƤŮ߸һŮ澣˿ɡŮӣԼȴ¶ڶ̫֮¡
ÿŮ澵סŮӵ˲Ҷʵ
Ҷ˵ͷŮȷʵÿҲֹÿֱŮ·
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͵ϴ裬ѾһܹܵļޣǺͬ£ǶҪ˷
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ۣһڲˮ˳֮ǰҶûԼ˵׹
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ʱһߣʵĲˡ
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ӣעԴǡƺԳƺΪӺǱŤ
ԴզˣЩһԺװʲôߣԴǣôء
ɲʲô˶µĵطȰλһ䣬ûԤԼøϽ뿪ū˵ʵԤԼ֮⣬һǳʾ㹻֤ǽϻƽǰ
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ôģö񶾵ĹҶһ׶⣬ʱ궯
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־Ҳδ̫ˣ
ҶҲоԼûȷƺָĻ;ô˱壬Ȼɶ񣬵ﲻ
ҶƮȥͳһ鵤˿Уסɢ
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ҿܴ𣿵֪ΪʲôоܷôҶЦʵȻҪͻҪȫܶԷ
ŶΪʲôںͼɱﶺȤһĴ硣
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ǰԵû氡¸Ұû˭˸󣬸Ҷʵ
Բԣ޿֡Ҷҡҡָͷӡ
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飡
ҶӭȥһҲû˽ɫʱͳ


462 ֪˷Ӣ
ɫһȻҶһƲûнɳȥȴֱܵһɰڷ궯
תȫֱۣпܳɢȫơ
һɢȫԼһʲô³
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֪һѾۺһˡҲɱ˲գ۵ħûҪΪһĦնɱ
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˵ĳ֣ðҶڵ˶һһ
ع¥ûʲô¼ء
СӣôŲѵҪ㣿ӳ˵
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ָۣν֮˿ӡ
ɫҰײҪȴңﲻʹ죬ǳŲ˹ʺˣӶԼ顣
λǰ˵Ҫ̫𡣡ʱҶ¥Ȼ֪϶֮ҲδصеùˣֵܱӣӲܡ
Ҷһۣͷ󶨡һʵеȱңһֱҶΪĹǡҶһͬӣΪҶеףҪӽһء
ǣԭͲƸʢͷһ̧һͦȻǰȥ
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һʮˣȫһķӦΨһͬǣܵһһ죬Դӵ̬Ҳһһ䵭
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ʵ̫ܼȫ㣬ɱһЩϣȻзѧķأ־ǽп಻
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ͲˣֻʦȻԳѪҺĿǰûȫ˿̵ǿսƶҲܺ;Ŷʦɸƽ֡
ԾԲܵս·Ҫġ

лգֱĵҪնֱ޿ɱܡ
̵ǿķѧһ·Ȼûٰ򣬵ȴû˵
ԽԽƵԽԽصĴöʼֲ
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ҲѪҵȵȣ͵һͳʵҪɱ߶ʦҲ׾١
ѵǸԻڣǿɶǾŶʦңͳ綨һ֮ңָţǻҶһ鷳ġ

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ҶΪ˸ӱգⳤХһߣĲ
һǼ˳Ѫ֮ģʱһּΪԵ̲֮סͷ
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ৣ
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468 
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һϢܲ¶⼸ǲܵģΪе֪Уǻûܹٶַӡ
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470 ǿ
ʲôŤͷĹˣɻʵ
ˡҶͷ죬ɫ
ʲôˣҲ̧ͷգֻһƬƴӴ·ķپ££òˡ
ɶһֻܿ飬ôһƬĹ
ʲôԴչˡȻ޿ɱܣҶ췴ЩȻ캧ˣûչ¶ʲô׺ıʡ
Ψһܹӵģǵصʵ̫ˣൽҲ塣
ޣھ𵽵ʲô
ҶҡҡͷĶǱö֪ĺáԼãֶֻӦñһСȦӵ֪ȻĻܻܿһЩ顣
ʲôˣ㲻ҪôáҶָָգЦ
սǰЦݲаȻǲа
ΪڸղţȻ֪һΪϢϢȺ֮УֱϿգ¶
ķҶ첻òӣ࣬ߣҲ֮¡ɶǵϢһоͲͬˡ
ͬڹϢ࣬Ҳ˵һʵԶҶ죬ܹշжҶĸ֡
ˣʱ֪֪Ϣ˵ʵĿ
ҶͷȥȻȺ֮һӰһϮ£Ŀͬˮ˿̱»֣ԵùĪ⡣
ѵȺǱԦҶһô˿̿ҲһǺͺɷѪûʲôĹ
֣ԥеǰѡĲߣǾ͹ϳ֣ʧȻѹơ
䣬Ȼ𣬽ƻüײӲ⣬һ̾ҶĽս׶Ҫ۵Ķࡣ
ͬʱһ˫ӣ֮γɵĹӿȥʱǰֻյĻҷ
һ֣Ҷ㿴֮ǰĲͬǴ֮ɫֱ֮ǿ˲һǰ㡣
Уͬ鱻ɱʱҴ̶ĺ˶Ĵʹ⻹˵ͨãǾ񵱳ͻ
ʱ˫ѾȫͬһˣĿĵغ󣬹ȻɢһֶԸһҶӿ
״ҶĶ׶˫ۣûһȭһƣǱըԵ
ƬƬĹڷ׶ľ֮»ΪѪԾֹǰ̵̫࣬Ҳ̫ײС
񫣡
Ϸ񫣬ط鵤˿ʵǣҹȺӣɱη壬ֱ͸һܲˬ졣
ԣֹˬ죬ֱǺ죡
ǱɱˬˣҶȴڰǣǸһֱڹ״̬ڼҶͶʵ֮˿ûоȺͻң˵бңʮİһж
ô˵˲ҶͶ̼佫ЩҲûκô֮ĿǰƣƶԷ˽ǣʵʣȴƤëû˵һ
Ҷ֮ʣͻȻˣ쵽£һŶɱȥ
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һɫдӺзֱӴ˶Ľƻü֮ϣʱһը죬ɳȥ
ͨ
ˤڵأײ˺üƻü˼ؿڴѿ
ѵģ͵Ϯǰɣص鵤˿ֻ̲սҲǱ
ֻһ˫ڻһ𣬽ƻüײȻâǰ
ңҶͻȻоһɱŰϢǳԳȫף
⡭ʲôƷ׵鵤ЧҶ̧һɨʮֻɱĹΪѪָ⻪һɫ鵤֮С
һۣվûз¡
Ҷ첻֪ŵܷ񼤻Ѫȫֻ֪£һսǾҪľˡ
ʱ֮ܽڣºҲץѱȻƺڵĴֻһزʵ£˭Ҳûа취
ʱŪûԯطǣȥ϶Ҳ⡣
ԣ򲻵ѣҶ컹ǲܴ鵤⡣
ȥˣ
Ҷո鵤Ȼٶȳ𣬳Գȫ֮ʵٶȱǡ
̧ͷȥֻȫһɫĻҲ׳ȻһɶߣɷѲԭĿ
˿̣֪վһԣԻΪǸνˡ

죬纣Хĺɫ棬ֱذ㣬źɱȥ
СЦһ˫ָǰһָȻձ
ԲʮɷΧڣռŤγһƬ֮أҵĲ洫֮ܵε谭Ҳǰֺ
·Ҷ쾪Ȳѡ
Ҫ֪ӳʵǿҲҪСӦԣǺȴͶ㻯ȥǿطǸ
׶༪ˡҶٶȡɫ鵤ڵһһӷ֮󣬶ǲ赲ҶֻǿпѪ֮ˡ
Ѫ֮һȫ˵ǺӣѳǧҲԼĶ֡
ֻǸʱܲܿסԼˡ
һֿܣħȻƺڣľҪܵ꼰
ң׵ıǶ
뵽ҶٶȽɫ鵤˻ȥֻѺˣѺطܹʱ
ȻȴԮʱԴС
Ҷ˫ּٱ仯ӡ˲ɣһХ죬ҰЩķ׷һ͡
Ӹܵ·񱩵Ϣ΢΢ƳһۣȴǺ⡣
ҶּٵҼͬһʱ䱻գȫ֮С
һӸӲһһ㵭ɫĹâ֣˫֮оȻɢ⡣
һĻɫֻٱ仯ͣھȺ˷֮ϡ
ѪЦһָоֱǰҶڵĳѪ֮
ˣүүأĿأ
һ嶼ڻİ֮У֮ʱһĻβ
飡
һȭȴĿռ֮ϣ񶯶ûǶɳȥʱĺ
ҶüһԷʵɲ⣬Ҳ֪ԶЧµҲֻԴһˡ
Ըܹ㹻Ķط
СӣΣʱеĺӿˡ
ʲôףҶܲһʱ䡣
ѳѪңһȫʬ
԰գȻһ˲ʧΡ


471 ʦֵ
̫ˣҶ޷ԷӰֻо棬ϱѾһơ
սױȻѣںӵĹ£Ȼͬשߴ޵ֿ֮
ҶϾҲǰ׸ģؼʱӲǰѲԼ˳ȥĻϯأӾС
ѧɲôõģ
ԪѪ֮ɣֻǾĲȻξ߱ɲȡ
ӵУµ˳
ҶڼٵĵɹУȻǿ˿ҲǸ޷Կء
飡
ײ˺ϱֵĴȥδֹ˿ҶһֱӴûĸоѪӿڿһѪ
ϷۼҶ챻һлܣо֮Ȼ˿̷鵤֮ʵԶҶ죬ҶǿһǱʶѸٹ̡
Ҷ죡һӶ
Ȼٶٿ죬ȴҲ첻ӡ
ֻƺһӰ÷۵糸еݡ
ڶ֮ǰҶǰٶȳƣӡҶؿڣ
һʵ޻ûκιâҫƽƽһƣȴһԿɽĳظУ
ǱؿϣҶµͻᱻĳ
ס֣Σ֣Ѿûκΰ취ֹֻںͽ͵ĺš

ӵξ΢΢һ٣ɫҲ
ҲֻƬ̶ѣع˸ĹâٶȾȻȻӿ˼֡
飡
رҲûʲô޴Ĳ
ͣסˣƵһˣȻһֻԿµ֮ײ
Ƹˣ˭붯ܶġ
Բϵ̺ͬ޲Ԩ֮ͷ󶨡
ʦҶͬľһ
ԯ磡һһ䣬ҧ˵
һС֣㲻ºôԯһ˦䣬ջơ
ԭǺӵֽͷ
Ųʮ꣬ôһ־ϲģ֮Թôǿܵ˭ķŭ
û취ʮǰѹһͷˡԯЦ
׻˵˲˲Ҷ̣ԯһھɻ˵Ӷºֱӷŭ
ԯ磬ΪҴ򲻹㣿

ֱӳ֣ǸղУʵ޻Ĵӡ˹һȴǼͳգۼĥ̴С
ûɽӡⱲӿҲ޲ôˡԯҡҡͷƮȻˡ
ֱˣ׷ϣӡڲϱ
ԯûд𻰣ֻǲסˡУԯٶȲǺܿ죬ҶͶУӰ壬ܼģֻ⻮
һһ׷ʱɽӡȻǳСɽһ㣬ƣǿҲΪ
ϲģҪ˵ʲôʱ򣿡ЦԯôãʼûκζԼߣɽӡѾ۳ƣҪεֵ
ʱˡԯڻصԷڶԼ˵
ԣͷһһֲõԤиֶ
ָ
棬ԯߺһֻԲʮڷƾɳʯľָ۶
Ǿ裬ɽӡ˿ܽǰҷǵˣҲˡ
ָоͺ񳤾ˮһʶԯָȥԶڰɿҶͶǸоһױȵ
ҶͻȻþöûʹùʽˣԯĴָǺ֮ͬ
㣡һͺ˼ΪµĶ
û뵽ѡԵͨɽӡѡ۵Ĵָʶһ£йƨĴָɽӡ
˵գԯһָղ۵ƶһ˲䱩ӿ˳ȥ
ңЩؼƣ˿ȴšһͳһ룬ʰٱ
ɽӡʶԱһֱӽɽС˳ȥ
ԯЦһɽӡϴָƺѧײһ
׾Ʒӽ׵Ĵڣ
¡¡
ɽӡ֮ʷ죬ָоͺ춼Ҫ˺Ϊ֮
ͣ
ָ۳һָߵĹ׶ɽơ
ôܣŵľ
ûʲôܣƺڻģʼղҵĶ֡ԯһͷ׷裬һ㵭Ĺâƣһ̣ͬoһ㣬η
˵ƺ㣬Ƹλֵ޵غ
Ǻǣ㲻ңҲֲ㡣ԯ粢ϣ飬漰̫ܹҵġ
ƨ
ѵƺƵˣԯ練ʵ
̸ƺڹȥҶͶ䣬һҲϴ
µĶԻȻҲƺյңһΪһ֮Ĵ
ҶͶһۣǿ˶Է˼
˾Ƹ治ڻʲôӡ
ԯ磬Ȱñ£İˣƺҲδؾֵס㣡޷ԯĻֱӲڻ⣬в
ģʲôӣڻʲôӣҶ㣬ƺ۶ǻûʤ㡣
ԯĻҶͶһͿĨܺƺ۶ŵ
ǵ׻Ƕôֲһڣѹط˵Ǿһ޴еС
ʱҶ컹еطΣڿط绹˵ءֹУֱһˡ
ƺ۵ֶΣҶѾʶܹƺ۶ŵʵǷҲе˰ɡ
ˣʦܣһ顣û˵ԯ㿪ʵ
һƨ㡣ҧгݣ˵û·磬ƾʲôҪش⡣
Ǻǣʮȥˣ¿ѡö飿ԯ绹ˣԵúͻأ
ҶͶȻף֮󣬾ɫ䣬촽źϣվû˵
Ҷ죬զʦءͬʱҶ
Ҷ΢΢üʵҲָоϾͷβԯֳƽʱʴ󲻷ϡ
Ҷתһ룬ƺڴʱǧ꣬еĴкֱԿ󵽵ġ
ͺѫΪһ翵ĸ֮λҶ޶Ϊѡ
Ҳԯ֮Ҳֹϵ
Ҳǧһ︡ĲδؾͲƺ۹Ϊ֮
Ͼƺڣûܲµ͸ΪĳЩǺ˻ˣǶʲô


472 ϲ
ºĶԻҶͶһֻУʮǰĹȥƺڷ·޾֣ʲôһж޷塣
ȰƾǺԯ䵭ڡ
ƲмεһЦһͲԼˣңֻҪ֣ȻƺЩоҲδؾռȻ
˵ʱر֮ءʹҶ찵üĵνǸʲôܺƺƽƽӣƺ֮䣬ƺ֮䣬ʲôĶԹ𡭡
ˣħҺûʲô˵ˡԯҡҡͷΧٶȳ֡
Ǻǣ̫磬һ죬ҪҵСлɫףվ޷ԯ翹⣬Ǻ޺޵Ŀһۣһ뿪
ʦҪˣһҪߣʶĺһ䡣
ԣԯûκηӦƺûгص˼Ϊ֪ܲҪ뿪⣬òŶһٵѡ
ȴȻתͷк䣬˵ʮˡ
һۿ﷢ëǵС֮˿Ǿûë·м⵶һ㣬㷲

ˣһɺɫ⣬죬һš
ʧӰԯǰ棬ü˿ʲô
ʦҿļʱͽˡһ£ȻŲĻشʲôҲû԰
鵤ҶιģǸʱڻ֮УԲ֪ԼʵΪ鵤ҩá
ʦʦ鵤öºʵֹҶش
ǺǣĹôҲһˣ˵鵤ıأƽʱ뿴һ۶ѣȻǡԯЦ
Ϊ°㶪СҪģĵûˡʧ䣬ΪһʼʱΪԼʵͻˣû뵽󣬾Ȼһ鵤á
ʦ֣ܺôðСǣԯ̾˿ɫ
ʦ⵽ôһ£ʲôϵеǸָ˭Ҷ̲סѾ֮Уȴһ鶼ָ֪оνʮܡ
ǻǲ֪ĺáԯûлشҡҡͷ߰ɣΪʦһɽһ֮УǶҪɽˡ
£һꡭһ˵ѵصֵز
ͶȣҶ첢ûаѳԾֳ£һʼϴС£չָĴڣͳǧܹһƽƽﶼǣֱǷԯ綼տڲǸҲ
ңһ겻ɽӰԽĳ̶ȡ
ɽ˵ǵٻԷƿأһ겻ɽ˵ƺ۳֣ʱҲ޷¡
ɽɣҪˣֻҪ֪Ϊʦһ顣ԯƺ͸ҶͶĵ׵һᡣ
ǣʦҶûٶʣͷ֡
ʦһһ¡ųڡ
ʰɡԯ粢ûвͺͷŭ
˵ǳʲôŻǿһ£Чܳð꣬ڴĵš
ԯһЦȳָ
죿ʧ䡣
ԯЦţȴҡҡͷ
£ˣʱɲ̣ȻջǻʧһʱҲǲġ
ԯȴҡͷ
ǡɣϲ꣬Ҫˡϸ㣬˳Է˯м갡
ʱҶʵڿȥˣ߹Ķļ򣬵㻹ľ¶õطȥء
УôءˬҶ
ҶЦЦû˵ۣ۵Ļɫʱɺɺһ뿪ʱ޾˺ü£Ϳ
Ҷ죬ʮ꣬Ͳǳܹġɥĸ֪٣ò׺ദĸһȴֱţһǰ˼䣬飬ͱˡ
ЧȤĲٴҶ죬Ѿߵԯ磬ڴļ׷ʣʦ˵ǲ꣬ǡʮɣѽҸ̫ͻȻеܲء
ԣԯͣ½Ų̾˿ͽȻûҲֱ밡
ʱҶԾ˵
ʱ㳶˵׼ǲԸʵ
ûʱԯֽһˮĶ򣬵ΪʦиϢҪ㡣
ʲôϲϢ仰֮ʧлָʵ
ɽ֮Ϊ״䡣ԯ˵꣬գһȥ
Ҷͷ˶һۣϲඣδ״˵꣬ԯȥ
˵е㳰˼ֻ֮ЦˣҲ⣬״ӣͷԼͷϣֱʵ껹Ҫ˷ܡ
ʵûˣӣһգ۱׷Ҷԯ磬`ʵʦ㻹ûжġ
ͽģԯ̲סЦǰɣǻһ飬ֵĺˣҲ޷
˻ǿ
ҶΪμҹҫˣһ˷֮࣬ٶ£Ӱһš
ԯ粢ûʩչȫҶͶ׷ϣ˿̼ö˷ܣֻ΢΢һЦҶںͷƺڷȥ
Լʱ֮ڻصƺڣ˿ɫѾ΢΢ףٹʱɴ
ȥ׼һ£磬״俪ԯʱ
ǣϲʤͲߺ
ԯ˵ͷ󻺲סȥ
СҲͷˣܹõǾ͸ˡҶЦ
ǰֱһμֳص磬ǳ棬ҵ죬ֱҶ롣㽣Ц춼ֿˡ
ԺҲʡ˷աҶС˵
˵ɶһɣǽҶͣԿν֣ԣҶ
ûɶûɶȥɣҲˡҶϽ˰֡
ߡһٴҶ죬Ƭ̺ȴЦһ
ž
Ҷ䲻һƽĵڵء
ɶ
֪Ρ
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鵤ҩѾˣôţ



473 վ
ڶ죬״ھУһ˳ʱ̣ԯ绹˶һľϲ
ǾǵžƸǧӵ棬Խ˶Ҫִ֪Ҷ춼ӵУʮڣҲֻѫִܹ
Ȼⲻ˵Ҷ첻ΪҶԣò͵¡
ͲͬˣϲָоԯѫҲںͶôһ¶ĵҲ޷
״Լһʱ£ܶ˶Ǵ۾ڴ֮ǰû뵽״ǾǶңէ಻ѵǣȻҡһ䣬Ϊߡ
һƸݶֻʣһ飬˭ܵõζžǿ
ƺڼӵһֶΣÿƸĿ飬ͨһ鲻跢ţΪľõǶиͷϾ֣ǿǿϰ״ѧġ
Ҫ˵״ѧȻûȷƷױעһΪٵؽװƷܹﵽ׶пܡ
ԣּķʽνɹ
£Ƹ飬ѫռһҶռһǶ֮󣬶ռһϯ
ԭʣʱ򣬵ǶлеиУֻʣһ飬˶̱ý
ҪǣţֻɫܵõɼϣǷǳ֮ġ
ǲ֪ƽʱǺ٩ĶʵѾﵽʦڣۺʵֱͳǿߡ
ʦڶһáҶС˵
Ŷ˵˵ôһáԯҲܸˡ
һʵѾǾƸгͣʵ顣ӵĸʦֵʩ˷ܽĶѹҶ
ԯ翴һۣ΢΢ͷ˵Ҷ˼
ȥɣ̶̽ƵҪ죬ʡΪʦǲҹάġԯ뿪Ц˵Ϊǰ뿪ЦΪ˵Ҳ˵ƺھûʲĵӣȡڱ֮ڣ󣬶ʶǲ̫ڵġ
ԽڵӵЧԽá
ǡҶ칰ָˣ˿״ѾֱӴŶȥϰѧȥˡʵϣϰֻ˵ǣº϶ھףһ
ҶͶߺѫԯߣĿĿǶ뿪ķúջأ˵ʦǲǡ
˵ǲǰǷǣԯȻף̧ͷһΪϯӣ̲ס̾һ
ѫúӢʱ˷ӢǵʵЦƺڵӱǰףǼԣЩˡ
νԣ󲿷ҲǺõģֻһ˺ȣǾ
棬ֱ㡢ŬҲߣȵȵȵȣƫƫһжв֮ġ
ԯЧƸλǰѫˡ
ѫһ顣ԯ̾˿˵
ѫǴСԯϰյģڴǰԯǻỽһѫͲˡ
˿֣ѫûɵһʹΪԯѾԼƸδҶϣ֣΢΢֮ġ
ʦ˵ѫ˵
˭ûб䣬㻹㡣ԯ̧ۿѫǿ֮ɫ
ʦҲҶȵҡѫ԰ѻ˵
ԣԯȴһΪѫֻΪ̫׵õϾ֮ʱǾ˺ܴһĥ˿ȴھҶ顣
Ҷ콻ãƸƺڵӶ֪飬ѫĵǣҲΪߣڽҶ֣ǽԼϸ֮λ𵽺ܴ谭á
ΪξͲأƸ⡣ңҶͶҲġԯƺ뵽ʲôͻȻüֱ˵İ仰˵˳
ʦʲô˼ѫ⣬ȴһʹ
ԭʦҶ˵Ĳ˼ʶˡѫ˭ҲⲻˣͨһĻ˵С۶
ˣ׵ġԯ̾뿪
ԯȥıӰѫһŭǻͷ
ԯ磬ֻҶСˣ֪ʹʲôֶƻֺʦȻ˼˵ƫ
УұҪ취ΪԼȥʦᱻܳһܣѫţȴȫ֪ԼѾ֮ɱ˫ۡ

ʱҶͶסǡ϶ҲڴˣŮЦ֪ͣЩʲô
ܶʱ˲ܶһʧʧŮ𵽰οã¸ոܵشҶİοû˿ã϶һ̾ͼЧò˵Ů֮׹ͨһЩ
ЦʲôأǲĸʦˣЦʵ˵ԵĻɫϲҲһ¾ĺĺ
һȥС㡣ȷʵ˻ȭͷͶЦ
ƽʱǴ󣬶Ҫˣ;ƺҪй
ͨʱ򣬾ƺͻᱹֺãĥӲݡǺٺɵЦһƤģ
ȴǰͷһĵҲˣԺ˵ŵ㡣
˵ţֽлȥһҫģ
УºҶ춼ߣһϰΪº϶ǲ̫Ŷܵõ
ɫû¾ҶҡײƭСıŪˡ³
˵ϴƭһʦöݣǸ˵㲻ߣǷأ˵ڮĶθ硣϶˶һֵۣʲôʱѧĺ֪ŮҲ̫ȱˡ
Դ˵Ҳûа
תһ룬ô¡ȥƣʱҶںʦܴţ٩ǸʦþûסԼָߴ˼֡
˭ǸʦûǸӢ۳գͳݶ֡ʵݳĻаȫСˡ
˺ˣ½㣬϶ȡЦˣġҶԲڵ
ģ¿˿ֿ˿Ҷ죬ʲôʱԲѵϰˣ㣬վŶ
ôǲءҶ˵й⻪һС
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϶Ҳһһ㷭ˣ
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̫ˣ
Сͣ飡
º϶˷˿ȶ˲ʹöתͷҶ죬˼飬ٿ㡣
ԶһҶ֮ղŻ֤һգͷˡ
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474 ϣ
ԯطָʾҶ˲ûѡɽֻ֣ƺڵľаһϯ
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Ҳûж⣬ǿЦѣϾǰҲҪΣ˵ʵõȷһ顣
ʲôƭ²˵ʱֲ壬ƫƫȥѧУ֮
˷׷Цѧ񣬲ԣе
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ӭô᲻ӭأֻҪأǱȻӭҶûзǸϣһ֪ϣĿģȴ֪ԯѫľᣬпܣѫ嶯ѫеҲ׽Թ
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ϣɾͱһʵѲɻҪ԰Լ˵
Ǳ̫ϣ
ڱҶҲͲ׼׷ˣϾֵԯҪ˼ҷˡ
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ϣ˵ͻȻһô簡Ҷʦܲһ̳Ȼˣͬ˿
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ٲȻҲֻĴƸϯӲ˿
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֮ѫ֮Ѿﵽһ㣬Ƹǿ֮һ


475 ҲҪŭһ
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Ҫ֪ѫڳأڳŪҶ컹ֱӶء
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Ҷ죬ʵںȻҪͣȫûֻǶԷһ֡
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ܽͣҪǿӲʹ㣬㣬ѫڳôˣٸҷϻֱӷ㣡
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ϣšһƲЦԾŽ׶԰˽ףȻƴڣ԰˶ʦʦǸһأ᲻ʹѫʦ֡򹷡ɹ
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ȻѫѵѾǺܼʱϣķӦټȫ߳컯ָԸԪʱ;ûУֻۿŶԼ
飡ҶϽһ֮ʲôϣֺ޷֮кߣôϣһ˲ͻữΪ촷ۡ
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ЩһѪ׷׸̣ʲôء
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Ů̲סˣǰѶһٿ⣬Ҷ죬ͻȻ뵽һŮӣɫǰ¥пӵǸŮҪ
¥ӵǶʱ䣬߰죬ÿ춼˼ˮ֮ʱͺǳԣû뵽¾Ȼû硣

ֱ֮º϶һҲûţһֱڰɫ󡣲ǵȻѶҪ󽲸λʦãֻõ˵ʲôߣʲôʵԺܸߣΪ˺֮ࡣ
֮ҪΪƭȻɫһ㣬վÿ˵ıʣеܹסе˿Ʋס˶ѡ
ƿһ˵ǸܲĶֻϱԺٲڡ
˷ֹȷʩչҶӵµϢ˵ҪͶƸ棬ʰ˧һ¡
ҶӵϢֱȶ˷ܣ˵кˣ⼸еء
ҵҶ˵⣬ֵļֱ춼ϲˡ
ʼ䵹񣬰Ϊļ·ȫ˳һһԹ֮󣬾Ҷ񶨡
һ飬Ҷ
вɣһ⼸·һ߾ͲһˣҶΣָһɣе벻ࡣ
һۣǲǺֵܣľͲõģҒ
ܡҶΣȴеûķˣⲻԣֵ£ûġ
ǣҶ쿪ʼͶæѼǽõʦֵڸ飬ǽһȥ·
˧񣿿ʷҪǲƸʦãܷΪ㵹ĲУҶǰڳ͡
̫ӢˣǲƸʦã϶ѡ㡣ҶЦ
ǻǲа˵űҪ·
ҵ˼ǣΪһԲλ࣬䲻㡣ҶϽ⡣
Цˣǳɣˡ
˵꣬תͷŽ·ʦܵʦܰͷȾƹ
ʦһߣʲôȾֻ·ܹ㹻ˡ
㿴ʲô飬ߣܲ˵㻰ֿʼ԰
߰ɣһˡҶʦܰ˰֣Ŷȥ
һͻȻͦסʼ´Ҷ
˼Ҷ챻ķëæ˵·̫СҲϰ
˭ϡ·ٿСô˧ӣɲУ
Ҷ˵һδŰ
զ죡ҶѾڵķʤֻίȫˡ
˼һͻȻЦ
磬˳ڲƷ壬ȷе˵ӦһһΪҶǹ׻ңĸûˡ


478 
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ֽҶЦѾ˼ȴ˴к֮ĵڶ仰û˵ʵе㳰ˡ
º󣬶ιҶϣ˵ӰԼ󣬸ҶΡ
ⳡֱԳ֮Ϊ־ļôݲݽģº϶Ӧɫѡ
ˣ»ǹһʱ˵ɡ룬Լ˵
ŶΪΣ˺Ǻ档
̫ˣŬʵҪ뵽ѫϣǾưոݣӦúܿͻ
˵û½Ѿǰ˶ʦڣͳ綨ҲǺԶˣ͡Ҷ˵ţ϶Ҳù
ɢ˰ɣϣܿ컹ңһԤСѵ֣Ϊʧܵ飬ܴ죬ӶϾŬˡ
ǴҾʹ˷ֱ𣬸ԻصסŬ
ҶѾһͳҪͳҪһʱ䣬Ȼǿ鵤ݣʱȻ̡
һգҶдͻȻ˽Ų֮
ǺϤãҲİ
һӰ˽
ҿԽ𣿡
ԣҶüͷһ壬Ϳˣû뵽쾹Ȼ֡
ҶĮشΪ߲ǱˣʧѾõİ
֨ѽ
鿪ȻǰӰУҶ̧ͷֻڡ㲣¶ģһкܶơ
þòˡȿڣ֮кǲɣ
Ҷ˵ͷƺ
̾һľԡ촽׸ѣɥʧէһ͸о˿ǰ㡣
£ҶʼձĮڰģҪ˵ҶûͬǲܵģϾһʱֵܡǣ飬Ҷ֮ʣֱգҶĸҲǾȡͬ顣
ûʲô飬ֻͻȻ㡣Цһָָˮܺȿˮ𣿡
Ҷͷһĺֵܣ˵Ӵһ֮⣬񡭡
ģڹҶ԰ˮ
Żģ֣Ҷ˵ֱɱʵҲ֪ȻǱ˫ȺӲţ񾡹أһô鶼벻
ҶЩĪıˣѾģΪҲûʲôˡ
лллˮڴڵĺ
״Ҷó˼Ĥŵϣ񡭡
ûҺܾöûгԵˣΪֿڳԵġһһģ˵
Ǻǣ㲻ýͣĪ˵㣬˫ٱģ⣬ҲûڳʳҶ֮ҪԣˮȣΪԭǸо֮Ѿ޹ϸֻǰѰһؤ
Ҳؤҳģ׳ԡЩȥҶվ޷ԡȥº϶Ǻпֱܻɱ޲ļһ뵽Ҷ죬Ϊ˽Ҷ죬£Ҷ֡
Ǻǣ˵ЩôҶЦĤһˮѵҪ㻹ɣ
㲻ҪҲѾǷ̫࣬ǷȥˡͻȻ̧ͷмɫ
ˣȥˣ֮Ϳ뿪ɡҶ첻۹ȥ顣
һỹǼᶨ
˵ˣЩԣϽߡҶתʩᣬûһϻ
Ƿǵġ
˵ҶȴͻȻŭʲôѵ֪ԼһЩʲôҪǺǣ
ҶȻվ𶼴һƣʱסͣж
ΣĿڣҵȷ޼ֵҿ԰ǳ˫١
ûȤҶĮҡͷһ
֪Ǻңʵ˵Ѿ⵽ıӦԶֹ㿴Щ˵Ѿõ䣬첲쵽Ҷǰ
Ҷ쿴һۣͷʱһֱֻѪۣѪܣֳһֺϵĺӡֽҲѾϡ
㣿Ҷ켱æץһֱֻۣٿʱˡȻǿȥֻǴѾѪĿġ
ǺǡЦû˵ʲô
ΪϣϣˣҶ쾪ʡ
˵ͷҡҡͷΪ㿴Щһ
ҶûнĻʵ˫ٸɵģ
ǸɵġƺԸ϶ͣ˵ҽȴΪǶ֪ıһƻ׼Ӷʼ
ô˿̣ҶҲǲòˣ˫ҪԶ֣Ǻ׳ɹġΪ˼٣ڰݺ֮û㹻
ûոձΪ˴֣ںܶϸڶ̫עأ˫׼ԴΪͻƣƲк˵
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷȷⷽëոյĴҫ֪ˣĻΪһôء
˫֣ҶûͨһŹ棬ҲҲһЩʶѣ˫ܹûء
Ҳ֪֮ҪСĲǡ˵ɫһˮ
Ҷ첻ûɹһйڳ¸ڡ
ҵȷ뷨ֻûкʵĻˡҶҡҡͷԴϴ֮˫ǻأҺٳƺ֮ĵطҪ֣νã
һѵĻᡣ΢΢ЩǼ
һ̣ҶͻȻâڻɣǷڰ˫һơ
ܿͷһ뷨Ϊ˺̰ϧԼǿƣδ⸶ĴҲ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ڵһйĸȫնϣԺͨ˶硣
˵Ҷڲԥоѻᣬ϶ŹϾ˫ʱʱ̶̿κԼһСȦ֮ڵˡ
Ҷ첻ŮǵȵԷȳ֣бҪͻᣬǸȷˡ
֪֮ǧ˫ȥľһΪɽĵط棬ʱͼ֮
ǧҶüͷһ֪ǧʲôʵ
֪ԺƸĴڣʵʼǼ٣ʱĹ£˫ٶԵ֪Եʱ˫ٻ棬ֻҪԼƣʮ￪⣬ƾʵǧ֪֮Ҳ޷ʱϵˡ


479 ٰ
ҶüͷʱȲῼĿԣҪȰѰĶо͸ΪʲôƾʲôҪðűնɱķԼ¡
˵Ʋ˫Ϊô֮ͲӦĪʲôͼ
ʱϵش󣬱Ͼ˫ٲͨˣԱӳ飬ͷһȱ˰һ֮ʡ
Һ˵ʵڸͲֵΡҶһĮڡ
֪һ쵽زʲôԣһҲҪҡɫֵֿ˵ʵҶǵβǶڶҺ޲ţҲҪ
㣬ֻܾ㲻ֳ˫٣ὫϾ˫٣ԸҲѡӶʼ֡
ԣҶٶ˼ò˵ĻеΪǿһبŲӲɣҶԷ˫٣ַ蹷οҶǽµǲɵĳԹ˫ֻʣ²ݵľˡ
ҶĸܣԼе⼸ֵܵκ˺
ԣ˫ٱֻҪлᣬǱ
ⲻҶĹ棬ҪԼĶôֶֻѪ
߰ɣҲ㡣ҶѾҪȿһ°Ͼ߶Ҷ˵һŵ
ȰҶ֮󣬱Ҳûж˵ʲôҡҡͷ뿪
ðߺҶϸȷԷѾ뿪֮Ȼţȥ
ƺڵӣһûиı䣬Ȼʧ˺ܾãݲûбĨ˵㣬Ҫطһ䣬ڵĲǲƸ󣬿ͱˡ
طĹʽһɣµһѹͲ֪
Ҷڰ󷽰ɿ⣬ڰѾûΪҶɣ˿ı֡
ʵҲˣһ·ûзκ˿ֱͷ·
ȻƺڵӵݣģѾƺǰѡһС·ͨƺһС·
ɽ·᫣ˣһ·ϵʮ࣬ʱʱĵʱʱıʯͷƼڵû߰ʱҪϢܳʱ䡣
ʱ磬ٶȣӦҹѾˡ
Ҷ컹ڻɣƺڵɽֲȱ𴦣ʱ޳ûͨ˶磬θҹڴߡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ췢ָԲʮڶûκ޵ϢڣǱз
һ·ŰζһѣΪ߸·ʵ̫ࡣתһ룬¹غǵԱҪȷǷš
뵽Ҷסͬʱ԰ǾȡοԼԼͬڲ÷ĵʱġ
Լ߰˸ʱɫѾȫڴɽ·˴··ƽ̹ٶ΢һЩ
ҶŴ·Եɽڻʼսšһ·ϰû˿ʱʱᰦ̾ƺꡣ
ѵΪİΣǣҶţѾŰûر𶯻ˡ
ָСʱӴ·һС·С·֪ǰͨδ
Ҷ켫ĿԶֻǰʮٶȳɽСɽҲƬࡣ
סôԶڣҶǺ棬׻һʲôĵط
ʱţϸ죬Ѿǰҹʱ֣ͣͣЪ˯ɳ͸֧ס
һĻҶҲԷģΪڵ״̬ԺʱǺϣ˵пǰɽˮֻΪԼ
ܿ죬ʱѾ˺ҹС·ҲѾʧֻʣһԼ̤ĺۼ
ʱ΢΢ͣ٣ƺЩ¡
Ҷü˵ѵҪʲô˲ɣ
о𣬸ôãҪջ
ʱ·ȴûѡԼɽ·ɽ׼С
ɾʱͻȻ˹ЦǴֲڣԺвֳһĴ
ҶͷһҪˡ
ܵһ΢Ϣʵʿң˵ʵڵ͵ûˡ
ʲôôôҶ첻ɣ룺Ѳʵ̫ߣҸܲ
ϾʱľǹִöˣͷС
Ƭ̺󣬹Ȼһ״󺺣üһֱֻףǸģ֮ΪҰ˶Ϊ߬һλεĴ󵶣էһĻΪɽϵԳ˾ء
òۣǣ촽ִֺ󣬻ĺëһǸëѪ
˹ֱֳ֮ھʧͼߵİȥһ߳廹һ߹Ц뿴ʲôζһ㡣
Ҷ찵üô˿̣ѾȷֻҪԷûйôʵҲֻʿѡ
ǸܡҶ찵ţΪԷûзԼȫûҪʵ
ǳ˹ֱ嵽˰ǰһŽ߷סٺЦ¶ڵĴ
ҪҪ֡Ҷ΢оᣬԥƬ֮Ǿȹһᡣ
ӵģܰϾͷˣĶû뵽ֳˡ˹أ˵ţǸģǺþûгԵ⣬ӻ治ϡץ㡣
˵£ǴżֲײĲмϾҲƺڵӣĶʦʵ¶ҪƵУû뵽ʱգյ߲ڽ¡
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˭˵Ҫɱ㣬ӺдɽˣͲǸϾɱ¶ӣҲֱȡһȶԡ˹дʣ˵ĺܴȱһ㡣
úһ·ձк񱨡Ͻ˵
ٺӣԣʲô񱨣˵ţ˹ָԥֱ̧ǻӵ
״ҶҲٵȥˣǱһȥһ첲ɾûˡ
ֻҶոһǳ˹ȴͣѵİüѡ
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һﶯֺͻأҶ춼ûӦɵԭء
Ǹȱĳ㲻עʱնֱۣʹ˹ֵ˵
۵亹˵
ӣһǸӡҶ찵ü˵Ҳùģô˻һ񲡡


480 һƱ
˹ֿ°ֱ֮û˶ҶԥǷҪֽɱȴͻȻø֨֨
Ҷ㿴鶼Ťؿһʹ£ǶĲѡ
ڳ˹ֱҶ죬Ҷ첢ܿЩʲôǸ֨֨ԺȴǸֳһ
У˹ſѪڣŰֱҧԡ
һĪ˵ǰҶ춼оظڶĲѡԻֱۣܹɳ飡
˵͸ˣնֱ۲˵ȻҪĿԼֱ۱˿ʳָо˸޷ᡣ
ǳ˹ƺǼֻưĽֱۿʳɾʣµĹͷһ˦Զ
ɣѪ߰߻ֱ䵽ҶűߣüͷʱëѪ
ΪֵܰΪ˱ˣ֮ɥʧԵϾԲ䡣
Ҷ첢ûг嶯ȻҪնɱⲣȴòһᡣڰκޡ
˹ֱֳۣЦͷ亹İһۣǽ·ˣպɽ˸㣬ӵżɡ
ҧû˵еĺ޻ȴȼţնԼֱۻʳȴöʩһĿԼ˵ֱ̫
һ̰к죬ĶʦΪûбϵԻһһˣ
ˣ½Ϊ㣬ǵҡԳ½ĳ˹ְ˰֣תȥ
Ҷڰţĵ⣬б˹ȻҴԲѵĽʲô½½¾
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һĺأ˵ûκΪԴĶʦ綨Ҳδܹ֡
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˿΢ҲϾҪ죬ҶҲסˣֱǰסѰ
ԼʱҶڶǰڸ;бܵԪͷ΢΢ݡ
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ϴź¶ˣҶʣºڶûò豭ȲϰߣֱӶźֱ
ᵽߣҶüͷ΢΢һ壬Ƭ̺ЦаԺ󶼲ȲĺȾˣ
ٺһЦÿκȾſӵĻɫƴº϶ȲԼ㰵һЩˮ֮Ҳ
˵˵ǲҪŪ⡣
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Ӧ˵˸õ㣡Ҷ
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481 ʯ
Ͷһ˱ȥ˲Ƹҵº϶Сֶӿʼܵļƻ
ƻĹ̺ܼ򵥣Ҷ췢ԣҲ죬϶ʱʱڶʱʱĵͷ
ͷǶĿ϶ĲУֲסı֡
Լʱ֮󣬼ƻ¯ϴβ࣬ȵƻȻȴʱֱӳ֡
ȻҲЩԤǧǰô죬߸ڶô죬һжδ֪Ԥ𵽵ֻΪ·ͻȻңڵʱᷢʲô˭Ҳ֪
Ѷ˽޵ļﾡܵʵ
һ졢졢졭졢ֱ죬ٴλһá
ʱ´Ӱ˶ʦ˺ڣͻƽһ֮ң
϶ǸһΣֱ߶ʿʦĽ綨Ҷ죬û鵤֧ţ츳ҪһͳͻΣҲҪʱ䡣
ˣǵĽҲƵϲ׼̣ǰɽȲһ
ɽλƺڱ￪⣬ݴһʯɽΧľʯᾣס
һٶڵʵ˵ֱֵһᣬûöñ㵽Ŀĵء
ȥȻͬǰ㡣ֱһƬʯ֣ȻûݲĵزĿĹˣ⡣
ںɫĴʯģеֻʣеצ˼״ǰ̾ȻĹ񹤡
ѡطĹǧϺܶˮ֣һѧģ
Ҳɻʵ
ƨҶ춼ҲתֵǿǸˣ
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˻ʯ֮ȥǱȿõΣƬʮ﷽Բǧĵصصĵص㶼Ҫȷ
һҶͻȻɫָߣʾ
ͬʱҲЩ׷ײ
ĵطԼ֮ʯֵ
ƹסߵľʯһȻγɵʯĴľӳ
ԳһأⰻȻľ죬ﻨ㣬òӯ
Ǹõطû˵ɣ;ô˵طˮã˵Ҷ˻֮Աǡ
ˣѡ÷㡣Ҷ쿪Ц
꣬¾۾Ŀţһ㲻ͬ
ľӳ֮䣬һ߲ӫĴڣ߱ڵԿòǺС
ҶҲüͷ΢΢𣬶֪΢Ϣɢ
ϢҾȻ֪ʵȻѾﵽ綨֮ϣҶһݣô˿ҲòССģܻܿиפأ
أզ֪ĴӰûš
ϻ°һۡ
㾹Ȼ֪Ҷͷһֻ΢иӦڵʵԲͣȻ֪ûУԷʵǸĪˡ
ϸƬľĴǲâ˸ָһƬ֡
ϸȻ߲ϼʱʱ£һġ
⵽ʲôŹ֣ĹôĸɼصƵġɻ
һ̣ҶͻȻ˰Ļ˵ǧǴżţһЩΪ֪飬ĪǴ˵д컯
ֵǣ˵ǵĸԵˣҶЦһѪԳı˵ȵﶼܱУ˵Եڳˣ˵رŪҪȫǡ
Եͷ˷ܣԺų˫ͬʱñľ
Եô׾ͽٵģǻСЩãĪҪ̫⡣϶ѣ뵽˵þıֿ֮ºĥͷûɵıһ
أѰҲ֮أ⸽İ˸ʯǽıؾ֮·ϸһҶ컷ĿĹˣʯа˴ɰԷλֲΧС
ոִᷢ˴һȻ̫ͼҶλõĹϵ޷ֵһһγ̫ʽֵģһɫİʯ
ʯ֮ϣ˿Ű˸׷ߣȫ˫Ŀʶ˿˿ɢڰģһ֮С
˸ȫ׷Բԣʮֿ£Ҳһۿȥ˿˿ֱͺͬɲ
ЩҶȻǿΧΧһȦ֮Ҳ˴˵صĲͬ
ǰ˸ʯֵһ޴İְͣУĪơ
ɣҾ˵Ƿˮأֿʼһ֮ԣû뵽ײʵˡ
û˴˶֮⣬ԽùŹֵ֡ط죬ǧһ۷ǿߣҪܽе飬ô֪
᲻ᡭ϶һҶ½ǣһԣС˵
òҪڶǰһҶʮεļƻҶҲûкͶֻƬ
ӦòᣬҸҹûʲô쳣ҶҡҡȻô˵ţʵȴѾʼ΢΢ġ
ô죿϶ҲЩΣԭƻ֮иϲ㡣
ˣʲôôҲüʶһ¡Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ᶨ˵
á϶ͷ˵ҶҪϵɽ»𺣣ҲԻһ·档
仰˵ֻҪҶ룬ܶļ裬޲ԥ㣡

µʮ֮⴫ƺϲ⡣
ԣ˸˹ȥ֮󣬷׷ڵ
ֻվһ鰵ɫԲʯ֮ϣһı˿С
½㣬ԲʯҶ쾪һ˵عǳ˭Ҳ֪ʲôŹ֡
ôºɻУûпʲôıһƬ߲ϼ⡣
Ҷֺһ䣬ʮּȡ
²ԣҶ֮ҲֻܴԲʯ
֮󣬻ͷȥʱһֻղԲʯ֮ϣ澹Ȼһ´ڣ
ǣ
֮Ա
ǡң¸ǵɴ˫ۣһš
ҶϽǰڷֱԪѪ֮ʶ̽ȴûзκ쳣
˾Ŀűеһ£ͷûɵһ󷢺
˵̫죬ǻΪ¾ѣ˭ҲҪεԲ
ָоͷ·Լ걻˳һ㣬ƣС


482 
ͬһʱ̣ĴİʯϣеһˣȻ
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ô죿ЩϸղҲܵһĪǣŻ̤߲ʯйŹ֡
ţĿǰʲôΣաҶҲһͷˮ뱣˵ȶԽʱ̣Խǲܻҡ
ĪʯɣɫɷףͻȻڡ
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ԣº޲һⶼʲôͷˣȻ˼Ƥ
Ҳǹġųųһί
ˣ»ǰʯͷоСҶǰȥϸۿ
ʯͷһ㵭߲⻷ƣ͸âϡԿһ״ʯͷŸֵЩ߲ʹâǴзת
Ҷ̧ͷһʯͷϵġ¡ֻǹ̶ĳ˲䣬öʣ䲻ʵ
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ԣͷûɵһȻϻر࣬ν˵ûеһҪ
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ΪΣҶô˵ЩԸţϾ߲ʯ̫죬ȻֻǼ֮ãȻڵ£ȴ˸оʮɨˡ
ǵӰ֮߱鿴ңҼǵûĻղŵڰϵķλ߲ʯӦ
Ҳ˵пڽӴ߲ʯ߲֮ʯĳϢݽȥ߲Ż̽顣
Ҷ֮º϶ͷһĵӰѾɢ϶ܵʲô״Ŷԡ
ЩϹǸʲôģֿʼʷϻ
˭֪أҹƣӦػĳҪĶҶ˫貣ƺ͸˺صʯ˽ȥû˵ֻȴһڻص
һͳѪйصĶ


483 Ҳ
ԺĿĹâҶҲ޷ȷһǳۣһʱҲҲӺĽ͡
ΪѪļ̳ߣţԼʶų֮ꡣĴڣ۵һٶȻһĹ
Ҫ˵غҶպһСȻҲΪǰʯ֮еܣҲԵø
⵽һʲôĵطǧѡԴ˵ΪӼ棬ɸ˵ĿģҶĳӿԼһĸоԼƺӴƺһЩء
զ죿ԶĬһȴü޵顣
ô죬衣ûɨһۣɫѾϰߣʱˡ
Ҷ죬զ죿ǳ˱תͷҶ졣
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ϾǿߵϣҶܵɭȻɾһ㡣
Ҷ죬ôá϶ҶһߣɫЩء
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϶˵ͷ˿иоΪǿҡոҶ˵֮󣬱ðЩٶЩ̫ڿָоӾ
ڣҲЩò׼ˡҶ̾˿ƺöԸʵϣҶȫ֮УΨа֮͸
һһɡ
ҶҶ죬ˣʱͻȻͺָǰֵȻ˫٣
ԣ˶һȻмƣ˫ٽ֣Ȼǵõ˰Ϣ
ҶϣȻľ漸ѳɶ֣Ȼһ߿˫ǰһ쵽
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תͷ˵һǲûϹզˡ
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УƲﲻȻֱ⣺˵Ȼľ֮УʵȴľúݳС
ݳǣҶº϶ͬʱ¶ɫҪ֪ݳǿھŵϺŵļݳ֮һƺҲҪʮ֮˸ǸƼ˵ͬ߾ġ
ûݳǣľĽڣֻһöѡһû˿ЦɫҲ֣ϾһܹľռǰλõĴȴֻһҷãȻ̸֮ʱòη
ԣҶйâ˸һֱС˫٣˵ֶΣ治С
ɨһۣԷʮңǶΧ˫ߣ˵Щֻͨ˲ǾӢûʲôرĸ֡
Ҷ΢Ĳʲôţʲôʵ
Ϊ·ʤԷ٣ҪѣǾͱóȫѹǵʵ
򣬲ʲôͷͳͳҶͷҰ
ѽҿ
ͻȻ־һ˫۵ɵϴܵʲôһ㡣
ܲܲС֣Ҷ첻͵Ŀһۣ˵һҲֿ֪ʲô
ˣ˫پȻܿƣûҶ죬ÿƿŵ˵š
ȻԣϾɵµľҲֻǸɴײѣŵϴȴǺСȷȷһʮ𺳵ĸо
Ҷٶȿȥֻ˫һ棬һС
ϸ֮¹оˣȥǰͷģУȫɫװŲա֮ǰʮѾȣɻǲһء
ٰǰǾ֮УװǰȴһƮȻӡ
ֻһ׳ŽЩһͬž
ݼΪʣ֮һȻĸ߹¶޷֮ԡ
˿ҡһ̽ȣЦݵһɡ
ʶˣҶŤͷͬʱº϶ҲͬתͷȴĽ
ûʶֿʼˣȱӼһٴο˵ΪĽ죬ľʮ߳ȥŵš
Ľ죿Ҷ찵Եͷĵ¹ӻˣ졣
˵ƺĴûѡƺڣԼȥˣû뵽Ȼ˽ڣ
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ȿȡҶɿе㲻̫ڡԯӭ飬û˵
ûôͷ˼ҫʮֵ˵Һھأ
仰ֱۣƲĽʵ̫ڣʮǿҡССģݴ˽⣬ļͥһ
͹òƻһĲ࣬ԣǺܴĲġ
УƲҰھӣСʱһأͷͦأһظ
ۡЩ³һѪ˵ʲô
Сʱʱҳǿ׳ֱǴ˼ꡭ˵˵ȥˣΪû˵ˡ
ˣ˼ǹؼҶ쳰
զأҾǴ
úúãʹ㼤ʲôҶҲͶ죬ȴ̲סʵʲôʵ
˼һᣬ뿪ľʮʱѾﵽͳ綨ˣôҲʮˣٶͳ
ŶͳҶǳԾȻԾĲǶԷʵߣеԼԤֵ
ҶĻŷӦ۶ԷʱȴѼͬɫŸԶˡ
ҲǹСʮͳ綨ҲȥҶļһԺĸо
ҶûʶԷʵߵͣҪʶһ䣺Ǽ棬᲻ѵĴ


484 Ľ
ԺǺһЦܣϵء
жãҶЦʡ
Ҷ֣һǾͿŰɣұ֤˫Ƿһгģ
ҶЦº϶Ҳͬһֱ顣
Уơ֮Աǣ˵һﾹȻҵ˸
ʱ˫ѾǰУͣǰʮɿ⣬ƺԾͰʯЩɵ
Ľϣδֹ˼Ҫʯһ̽
Ľݹӡֹǰһе˫УȻͷ¶棬Դ˼Ҫ
ŶĽͷЦݵ
˵ҵصأĽݹӻǲҪι˰ɡҲһף۳࣬ԲĽϾĸҲƵǾˡǰۺһĽɾͲһˡ
صأ֮ǰû˵Ľ˵ʱʼչЦݣϣ·һߡ
Ľǰһѹģ߳ƺӵУݳǽ̳ǲòɵ֡
ȻֻʵĽڽҲ㲻϶ôڣݺᣬȴǺܹ⡣ѧҲǼڣڽڣٲȻҲǱ֮
ȻԼɵ˫٣׻˵ǿѹͷߣĽ˫˵ʱǺܿġ
ȴʲôܴΪĽղŵĻУ˼ֲõζ
֧֧޷Ľ˵ûǰĽ뵽֮ǰû˵ʲôصزصصĻ
ˣȻҵصأӲǡĽƺܺ˵ǰ㣬˫ٷ׷һȴ֪˼ĽͲмڿ̽ҵܣΪڽڣĽ˼һߴʲôصûʲôųû
ˣǲ˵˺ҽľĵôôѵ߲ҵصظĽЦʡ
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ԣ˫һ죬Ϊ֮ǰһֱȽϰĴʦǿ𣬶һϵµ֧֣Դ󲿷ȫܵ£Щ׽⡣
˵֣ҲûУһЩƺǳҪ©Ϣķգ֧޶ĳ͡˫ٲ뵽һ¸պǰľµĽ죬Ȼ޽ڡ
Ȼᣬֻǻûѡ˹˵ǼģʱҪĻеģһŹһҲһ֡
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ˡ
˵꣬ĽȴһЦ󷽣ǹ
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˿̣ʮ￪⣬һɼΪԵϢڷٿ֪֮£ʵͳ綨ȻߵϻϢ
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ܷģ֤񡣡ͦظһڱصõģһ룬ֵĽܰƽЩҿɰڲƽ
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ĽȴɫȻǳ˹һۡ
˫٣ûɣ˹󲽰ͦأͬ˿Щߵ˫֮󣬾ȻҲǿûĽ졣
ӿĽ΢΢ã˵ľСطֻƲ˵ķݶ»û˭ҲԼ
˲оĽĲãǸϽЦĽݹӣλǿɽ֣ç֮ˣðൣһЩ
ԭǳ˹ֽɽ֡Ҷ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
λϸƤ⣬һͺζɽһҲӣȻھôһ䡣
»һ˲佫Χ£
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ɽ֣Ϲ˵ʲôأǽڵĽݹӣǣХɽһװﶪۡѵ
˫ûٺͿɽֺ߰µЧʻǺܲģֻе㲻֪ǵҲر⡣
һ˫ٿ̣ϾǺľ˵һ˽⡣˼ĽɲףʲôݣܺһɶĻɫЦ
ɽ֡Ľ첢ûзֻĴ̽ȣƲһĨЦ⡣


485 ս
Ľ߶֣ɽЦһûǿɽ֣ӵĴ쳹ľǲŵ˰Сޣ
ɽִԲѵĴţƤ˫ȴһһȻʵڣƣĽǰ˷Ҫˣ
ģǧǣôûǵһ㣡һĽ췢ŭɽɽпѣֵܽŪҲûкùӳԡ
󵨣ɽҰ֮ˣĽݹǰ»ߺһǰĽǽڵλ׿ǽ󻤷Ĺŵӣ˵ǣ೤ִ¶ҪĽһĽݹӣοⲻ֪Ұˣ
Ľȴûзŭֻǰ˰ƺ»Ҫ໰ЦֺȤ
Ȥɣɽֶ»ղŵĺǳҲ˿⣬ֻһЦ¶ڵĴһȳ֮˳
˫̲סüͷ
Ľ͸˵ˣֱٴУ৵һɿ⡣
ٴ֮ǰĽһֱһݵģҶ컹һֱ룬ʲô˺⸱Ƥû뵽ǱɽֵĿܣҲһЦˡ
СްɾĺǣζܲɽֲΪԼĿڳеʮֵ⡣
Ľü˿̼ôװзȣҲǲŭԷֱһ֪ߵغç򣬽첻ѵǶԲסԼһͽڵ׿ˡ
ʵ˵ˣζǳѪģɽ˵Ż죬һ׺ģ
ܲ˵䣬ҪҪǸǵİȫϻôࡣϽȳǰͼѿɽһߡ
֪ɽȴһѽ˦ѣЦ٣ҲӣҼС޵ĵһͲ󶯣ͻƵ˽ҪͷĺҪ͵ѪҺ
Ҳ˵ɽһһС޵ĺţ仰Ľ޿ˣʲôҪ͵ѪҺѲҰ˻ɱԼѪ
£Ľһ䡣
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ӦһȻֻǰһӰ缱ſɽΧ
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ۼ鷢չճĵز˫ĶˣΪǿԮû뵽󾹴һȥʲô°
֮ͬʱڰҶ˶һۣƬ̺Ц
Ϸ𣿡ҶЦʡ
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Ҷ죬ҪҪߣʵ
ʲôֺϷƽʱ뿴ûᣬ°׿ܴҶ쿴Ľζ˿»ѾͿɽֽˣ˫ҸһΧĽੲݡĽ죬ǰ׿죬мڴǡ
Ǹƣ첻Ūɽǲˡ˫ڶȰһҲꡣ
㿴ǿɽ治һ㡣ҶָſѵĿɽ֣Ц
Уֻɽ˫ƽع𣬸ߴʮɣҲһɣͬضŰ»ɱȥ
»ʵҲǲ֮Ͼտиֵ಻ƷƷȻкתÿӶһ±һâХ
СǼʶʶʲôɽִһϷƵĳһѸֵ
ǸֵȴʲôֻǷ죬û»еĸֵȡ
һ»״©мЦһᵶʱӰ׷ףоžŰʮһͬһž޴ſɽֶ
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ӵɨԪٷŴ󣬿νͳգۼ̽ʮ֮Զ˿ȥ͸оһѿһ㣡

󵶺Ԫŵϯʣµ߸»æܣ;ȴ˱УֻһҽУǿķ羢˺Ѫ
ɽһ̤ڿն𣬴źϼ䣬Ѫ㱻˸С
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˵䣬ɽǻӳ޴ĵǵؾ»ʱΪѪ
СޣҸطϴһϴӴȥúƷѪ⣡ɽֿЦһǽʣ»ȥ
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󵨿ͽʬ֮أĽһȻ˫ٵƤӵ˲䲻
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ƿҶ쾪ȣٺһЦʿɲ
ʲôʱͳأǸھô³һ䣬һϲ˴ţǰҶ죬Ľ졣
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ϷΣҶͻȻ¡
ɶϷҲܸߡ
һ˭ӮҶЦ
ɶģ
һǧ׵㣡Ҷ׼һѡ
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УûҶӵ˵Ȼ㲻ٴϸۿ򶷡
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Ľ죬һֱڿҫŴ˵ʺʵҶȻû˵ȴһһϸµĳ嶯
ߣҶ춼ǱȻһĿǰ϶ʱֻڹۿʱһиôƣһʽν⡣
ǳȥһ˻ˮ϶Ҷĺս
ȥû˼Ҷҡҡͷǵı¶֮Ҵ鷳Ͼ˵طͬѰпǻŰ˸ء
Ѿﵽͳ綨϶˻һЩΪԼһʱ嶯ôҸվ
첻֣ԺպĽء϶Ц
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486 
գۼ䣬ĽͿɽսһ𣬿أ磬ԲʮɶܵǿҲ
ҶԶڰɿ⣬Ҳо룬ֻûôǿҰˡ
ҲɽֿЦһܿĽͬʱӵն޴ĵɨǽ»ҲɱΪ촷ۡ
Щ»Ľνһֵ̣ոս̳Щ˼û뵽쾹ȫʵ֮
ң»ʵҲʦǷڵطǶһ˿ɽǰȴ˲һֱĽֱŭ
ˣӽ֪֪ڿɲֻɫܹǵģĽХһ̽৵Ĵ򿪣ɺʱţγнɱȥ
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⵱ȻÿһˣƺڱвٵӿԺϰʩչѧҶ졢ѫ¶ǿԡ
Ҳ˵ӵвܹʹѧͳ綨ߣ֮ͬо޵еĴڡ
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ٲֶҪ
Ļû˵꣬ǧѾŹгȥҶķ׶Ҳͬһʱ̺

أɳʯߣʹûиоĵֱӻ˷ɻң


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ͬʱ϶ҲˣֻǾ˪ᶨܷһָһ㱬ȥ
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ѵЩҹѪҺƺȻһҹħıѰ˱壬룡
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ѫҲǲ֪ôˣȻϵĲûзŭЦ˵ʦҲûʲô˼ò˶ñǸˣǸʱҵ뿴㾿ʵǹŪ飡
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˰ʦ㾹Ȼڵϣ
ûû£ڻ壬õĿ졣طٺһЦֵңǺͽ֣ܵ˵ͽѾ뿪ƺˣôҲҵĵӣǵ˼ң̫ء
ǹ˽𰡡ҶŲô˿̣Ѿ׷طȻһصɵģ¾ẬȻѶڴ֮£˵ƲǺأѾҽεĲˡ
ˣΪ㣬϶ǲСӣѵ㿴ֵܺ˯һŴ⣿طŭ
Ҷֱ


497 񼳤ϵ⣨һ
ط緢һ֮ͨ뿪ˣֻҶ˿Цҡͷ˵ĳ
ǶѾûдˣʦȻҪ»ǲġĿ͸飬طյȥݸ
Ҷ˵ͷµĻͬȻһжѾƽ£ҲûҪˡ
½㣬ҾȻȥˣչǰɣʦʵǡû˵±ͷȷָطչǣӰǰչ˵ȥˣ˭ܷĵ¡
ΪƸӣչǱҶҪĶ࣬ҲǵȻãҴҶǺѣҲûҪʲô
صƸ֮ҶһͷԵڴ֮ϣȻûʲôƣҲʵƣĺܡ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãҶԼ侹øоԼ
͵˫ۣһŲϵӳС
㣿ҶǾȣЩ£߲Ǳˣйһս񼳤ϣϢĳԼǰ˯һ㣬˺֪ôġ
Ҷ쾪ȵ飬񼳤ȸֳɻɫƬ̺תΪЦҶʦֶȻûʧ
ûʧʲôʱˣҶЦ˵񼳤ϵӡһֱʮֶӣ˳ǸҰģƽʱһ˳ܵģʵȴɱڣҪƸֳκص̫ûὫ
һսʱҾ;ǳ֮ʱҲǲϵչ¶ɣڽ죬һƼĺϷ˲ò̾񼳤Ͽ̸ͺΪԼ̳ĸͽеԺһ㡣
񼳤Ϲˣлֱ˵ɡ񼳤ϵĿ̧ԼҶ첢ûʲô̫ĸ룬ǰߵôῴƼҶı£֮ԻʲôͼҲᣬǴҶƺѾˡ
ܵĵӣƺʮҶ컹ǵһˣ£ǵжԣ񼳤϶òضԴ
ҶʦֶȻأȷҪ̡񼳤һЦֵôһˣͷܲ˾վ
⡣Ҷûг˵һ䡣
Ҷ񼳤ҲԹԵԣһ
л˵Ҷ캰˵
Ҷʦֶα˾ǧ֮⣬ƺڷӿ㱲ͷ֮ա˵䣬񼳤ֵһˮȻݵҶǰ
ǳϵıֻ֣һ״ӣʲôӦʦŶԡҶûġ
ҲҲҶʦֶԲӣȻֻһ״ӣͬҲߣҲ˵Ƹ֮λĪƺ֮λҿҲϣ񼳤ǲϵȥ˵ı⡣
Ƹ֮λѫʦֳеңҶЩܲȤֻΪ˺˵ЩǻذɡȻҶѾ񼳤ϵαĺˣû¶֮ǰϾͬߣˣߣҲܲܶȥ
˵ˣʵﶼ׵ĺܣѫʲôôܹᲢء񼳤ϺٺһЦˣȦˣȷһǳҪҪҶʦֶ
Ҷû˵ۿţġ
񼳤ȴֲ˵ͬɲָ豭һſڵԯг𡣡
顣ҶȤѾƶϳûзϣ񼳤ϵʵҪԯ粻ⱲҲûпܡ
ƺ֮ڣ񼳤ҲƲʲôˣĻǣͷ޷Ǿˮһնѡ
ĻĻҲֻڵӱϣҪѾ˾ԯ磬Ǿ޻ᡣҶţȻô˵ʦ̫ãʵˡܹΪһ֮ľԲʵѣĻǸͬȱ١
񼳤˫ĿȻͬ飬֪ʮǰƺڷʲô
ҶͷһݣȻ񼳤νĺԼйأƺڹأȴǺܸȤģϾ̫ܣкܶ࣬þݡ
ǧɽкɽºǷһ磬޴޵ȵȡ
Ϊԯֻ֮ʦͽ֮Ĺϵ
Ϊ㱻Ϊжôɫ
Ϊһƽĵط
񼳤һķʣҶȴ޶ԣ֪Բ飬ûκηӦ
ΪҶףǿΪʵ˵ϣʲôĹƽڣ룬ԶµƷУܹϸ֮λ϶кĻڡ
ͬĶҲһУССͱƺڣҶȭͷӲ类һǧˡ
˼һᱻඣҶЦ
֪ҶľǺεȵķ񼳤ʵ
ԣҶȴһ㶣Ͳ֪Լľк֮⣬Ҳû
㲻֪ɣ񼳤ϵ΢е⣬ֵҶ죬ľеﶼһĴָ
񼳤ϵĻҶﰵֹûô˵ûһЩȻֵ£񼳤˵̶ֳȣ»ǿʡ
ľеĴﵽͳ綨֮ͬ䣬ʵһ棬ûʲôɱ˼סġ¼ҫҲǰγ˻Ƹѡѫξɽʮկ˵Ҳ̫С׼ˡ
Ǳߣ񼳤ƺеɻֵնɱ˫٣ȴǲǰºˣ
ô֪Ҷһıɱ˫٣ôᴫ˳Ȼֵĺܴ󣬵Ҳˣʵﵽһ̶ȵ˸޷֪Ļ
ͻȻ뵽ˣڴս֮ǰѾʧ˵ĿɽֺĽ졣
ѵǷųķҶüţϢ©ôɽֺĽ㶼ɡ
ңҪǿɽ©ϢпԭĽĻô䶯ɾֵ˼ˡ
Ȼľ۷ݳڣԲƺľȻȻƺһ֮Ӻһ״ӵĶԹ¾Բ̫
˼ߵ̫Զˡ񼳤ϵĻҶ˼·
ҶŤͷ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôûʲôϵ
Ǻǣûйϵ̸֪ʱǰҪļ𣿡˵񼳤϶һ٣ЦƺҶ졣
Σұƺڵӡ
Ҳȷƺڵӣ㴳ƺκιϵ㲻ǵӶѣͬƺۣǴ쵱ĴƸ߱ʦѵΪ֮λֵõ֮λֵõĸɫ


498 񼳤ϵ⣨
߱ʦ
仰֮ǰ񼳤ϵҶ켸ûзϣ߱ʦһҲɲòˡ
ƺ߱ʦֻֻҶ죬ƺκһᾪ°͡
ƺڵ£Ҷ֪٣˾͸ᡣҲѫĴϯӻ֪˻ܵ飬Ҳδš
񼳤ϣ֪˵Щʲôǲɣ侲Ƭ̣Ҷǳ⣬ʵҲȫţΪ񼳤˵仰ʱ뵽ԯĶԻ
Ǻǣֻһϣʶ˭бҪȥ˵ֶʲôô񼳤˿ңɫ΢˷һ㣬ƺҴƺڵ¶˵һĵ顣
˵ֻһϣε֪ܣҶ׷ʣڲҪάƺ۵׻Ҫȷ񼳤Եǲġ
񼳤ԴЦֹһſڵܣϻܣֻҪˣһ¶ƺ۵жԵȻѹĺܲң©֮㡣
©֮㡭Ҷٶ뵽ʵǷ
ǣ㻹֪ƺڵ£Ҳٰ֪Ҿ͸÷ϻˣƺۺĴʲôĻɫҲи˰ɣ񼳤ĲмǸ飬ͺᵽֻһЩòȻ֮һ㡣
ȻжۣȨ𣬴û˭˭ʤ߿ܣ񼳤ô꣬ѵôҶ췴ʵƺĻͬĴ߱ʦ֮µĻҶԲƽδˣ񼳤ϵ֪黹ſڿӵ;˵⻹д顣
ңҶ˵ȨУԻһĲֵȻûоƶȣΪ˼λҶɱʵżʡ
߱ѵֻȨѬģȻô򵥣ǱƵأһӻѡԼĸס
Ȩģܶ¶޷ѡģʱ򣬴治Ҳ˳Ӧʱֻд治ȸ
ȻΪ˵Ϊ߱߱ʦ֮ٶ϶ǴģҰǴڣǱϾ
Ȼܶʱ޷⣬Ǿֻܿûˡ
Ҷ쿴ƺĻͬĴ߱ʦȴ治֮٣ҲԼĿԣֻΪƺ֮λѡ
пܣƺ۾һҰĵˣĴһȺΪŰ֮˭˵ء
ȷǲԶԴ߱ʦҲ̸˭˭񼳤϶һ٣ֵ֮Ը£Ĳ̣뿴㱻Ūڹ֮һӡ
ôõģⳡδĶԻ֮УҶ켸ȫ̱Ц
̬Դ񼳤ϣΪߵĻпƾݺڮʦڮΪ˵ʲôĿĶ;
Ҷʦֶҵ޽ѵôϼ޻֮ҶȻ෴񼳤ϴͷβһٵģȵЦݡ
Ϊǡ
ǾǰɣҲΪԼ粵һҪ㣬ϾûдĺģģǶĿġ
Ҷû˵񼳤仰ȻǺܶԣҲһڡĺ£еȥ䶯δؾҪҪˡ
Ϊ˿ڱΪ٣ΪԽȵȵȵȡ
ʵ˵ˣ˵ЩյĿģҪȰ㿪򡣡񼳤ϷһֱĲ豭һεĶԻһȦ֮ڽ⡣
޶ۣҲҪҿ򡣡ҶԶԡ
ִˣҲ㿪ҪȰ㿪ΪҶкô
ôҵǹʹɣҶ񼳤ϵĻ֮ԱǣһֱڰʾҶ죬ƺ۵ǶôĵòȻȴûע⵽УѾԼΪòȻĸ쾡ˡ
ҪôҲԣҵĻ˵ò˵񼳤϶͵̹ʵ˵ãҶһֱԣȴ˿ŭ⡣
ҲѾ޲ðҶ˺Ƭ٣ûбԳκε
һͣƺڣ񼳤ǵ֮ĵһˡ
˵˵κҶһְ̬˵һȴ̬Ϊ񼳤ϼ޻Ҫ׻Գ̬Ϊ֮Ҷ˲ֵĺǺڴ񼳤һ۾ͻῴƣֻ׻ѡ
񼳤¶ȻЦ⡣
״Ҷ̾һ񼳤ϳǸ֮ѾԶ񼳤ļƣҶ»۵ĺܡ
ҲþɥҼȻ㣬ȻѺ˸߸㣬ҪҪԯתԼ顣񼳤֮ǰõĲˮһ˳ᢽҶ˼顣
˿˼Ҷ˵Ǻټ飬ڹĻ֮Уÿһֶûվʲôˡ˿񼳤ϣҶһĵĸо
˵ȻҶҲͲ˷˼ˣһ䣬˵˵˵ҪҶҶ񼳤ϵ
ҺԯѪ𣬶еһǹ룬ԯŻ֮꣬ʵ磬ٻٰʮҲɣʲôʱϸ֮λ
񼳤ʶԼ˵ĺеϡİ׺ֵƺڼ죬Ϊ״䣬𻹴ΪһкУƺν͹׵ƶȣЩ֪Ķٵӽڴ޷У֮䣬ѧмϰã㶼㣬ƺڣҲֻƺһ˶ѡ룬ƺڵӵУ˭ǻһѧǶԺ䶯һʱ֮ϣף֮ϣǲǼѧ
񼳤һ˵һѣò˵ĻеѧǧƣΪƺڵѧҪù׵ȡκһƺڵӣҲҶڣһҲ޷ɡ
ǣ񼳤ȴһ㣬Ϊѧѧϰһ䵽ϲ֮УǶƺڿɾǻԵĴ
˵ô࣬û˵ֵʲô顣Ҷ־˿ûб죬Ļǿ϶ԷҪԴǹལҶ٣񼳤ϻû͡
ˣ˵ô࣬㻹ǲϣֱֻ˵ˡ񼳤һƺҲþģֱӿ˵Ұ֮ڵϾƸ֮λɱԯ磡
Ȼһ׼仰֮ҶǲͷһȻǶ񼳤ͼе⣬ǴӶԷԺпԷĳ£񼳤Ѿһļƻ
ԼӦһĿһתƵѫϣѫȨĿأŪĻᱻƻ


499 ػ
ѫȨԣټ񼳤ϵɣǺпܻɹʶչƻ
뵽һ㣬Ҷ첻üͷ˵ʵѫǣѫ񼳤ۣͬǶԯϵĴҪԶԶʵʵ˺
ˣҶǲܴӦңҪ񼳤֮ǰѫһѡ
˶ԲߣҶֱӾܾ񼳤ϵ⣬
ֽ񼳤Ҳ⣬ƺһж֮УҶѪĳɾͲǼᶨױԼƻҲǶ֣¼ȻһвͨǾֻ˶Σѡѫˡ
񼳤ߺҶҲһ·β񼳤ûȥѫҶͿǰ׼ֱȥѫɾͲðˡ
Ҷڵʵ˵񼳤϶ֲʲô£һ·β֮񼳤ϲûǰѫֱӻס
Ҷһ׼ʱ䣬ܹϸ˼ӦԴ¡
˼˺ܳʱ䣬Ҷ컹ǾķʽѫΪ֮϶̫ֱӳ棬Էܻܿ²⻳ɣУΪҶҪǸʱ򣬿ܻʵ䷴ٳ񼳤ϵļƻ
ʱҶȻѫסʵѫȲ񼳤ϣԱҲǲܵ顣
ﾲĵȴţҪѫ뿪лὫ׼õŷŽȥΪԪУôԷԸԪϢжλôӶһ·׷٣ʱܶ಻Ҫ鷳
ŵһʱңѫڳȥˣҲ֪ȥЩʲôʱɫҴңƺż
ѫӰʧɽС֮Ҷ͵͵Ǳ룬ŷ׵Ȼ뿪
ڶʱһϲйҶ쿪ʼĴתôȻΪɢģҪ̽һϢ񼳤ϵûȥѰѫѾҹǽʲô
ֱ죬˽񼳤ҵѫû˵ѫѫŭҪ񼳤ϵ淴֮ԯ硣
õһϢҶд󶨣ȻѫǽϾڴǴǰܹѿغԼıġ
Ȼ񼳤¸һ䣬ôҶҪʼ׼ѫ֮ˡ
ѫѾﵽĶͳĽ綨Ҷڵʵ˵Ҫٽһײп֮⣬νĸԾһ֮ʵѾüޡ
Ȼν֮λδ֣֮Ҷ˵ǲɽܵ顣
һ·ҶǿУֻҪʵ޴δ
һµʱҪͻһײð죬Ϻõ鵤ߴĵؽ鵤Ϊ˵õЩֻѡɽˡ
϶ͶûҶֻ¼򵥵ĴǱһ£֮ɽĿĵɽصǸ޼ĵط
֮Ҷڻص˳ӿĽֵڽСһжôϤûΪ䡢ĸܵκӰ졣
ĸ׵Ĺؼһĸ˵˺һĻһĸײûвдʶ֣Ҷʧ䡣
ֽ˼һ֮ȥ԰һ⡣
ʱȻ֣ﾹȻѾ˱˼ҵġ
ɫ棬һġƮҶŬ˼һͻȻ𼸸
ѡϺսһʧķյ
ңǺǣȻҰռҵ԰֣ҶһŭѾ𣬵Ҷ컹ڣҾȻ飬ǵҲ㵽ͷˡ
飡
Ҷһ߿ţ֮ͬʱŵ룬ܣתԪǼ
ڵٲȻǵһڰǰʵﵽʦ˵νΪơ
ԸϵϻŭҶһɲǺ˲ͱ˾㵡
Ȼ㣡
һʱ䣬ЯҴҴȥҶ쿴ۣؼҶܹķۡ
ƨëСҲٴ˷㺦һûطأҲŭȣĲҶʵҶ컹ţΪһֱΪڶƴûһڣҲ֪ҶѾﵽͳ綨ĳ̶ȡ
ֻ˵һ飬մʱһˣʱûа˵İ죬ǾͱҶˡ˵꣬Ҷתȥ
˾ȻûһڣҶڳİԭء
ڶ磬ҶٴңȴԴĸ·֡
ȻνĺǶ˵ʦ綨ˣʣµţ԰ټơ
˴ﵽʦ綨⵹Ҷ΢΢ȣ뵱Ҳֻ˴ﵽһʵѣǵʲô컯򲻿ܽ١
ڤ粻顣Ҷ쿴ĦȭƵ֮ˣ˵
ϻ˵ҪΪŭһԭʧķ֮ûñˡ
ҶҲϻԷ̫࣬һŵ̫˷ʱ;ʩչԣһԾݻǵߡ

һԪ۶ɵľ޴ƾճ֣ʮɵڵͿب񶯵ĵ涼ڷ
ʩչ֮󣬾Ҷ춼һ֮ǰξǽа룬Īǰйأ
Ҷľϲľȣ˵ıɾǾˡ
Ҳ곤ߣ˺üʮ꣬ʱ˰ԵѧҪ֪ҳһܹʩչѧǿҪ׷ݵǰˡ
ѧѾգ˵֮󣬼ֱεѡȻҶ˵ʵ֪֮ܵͣеġ
ִǰֱһֻ˲ɱɱ

һʿ綨Ļ˿̶оҪˡʹס˫ɫŤ֮
ЧѾﵽҶԶɢȥ˲Եƣɱ˿ħֻҵΪѡ
ĺȥֻһ˲ڳҲҪаɥ
ڿԹ˰ɣҶ쿴ʵ
ɡԡŵýͰͺþҲ˵գҶ֮û뵽ʱ꣬ɱ侹𺧡
һʱʱ䣬ұ֤ﳷߣһͷ¡Ҷûжֵ˼԰һЩ
Ҷ˵ͷȴͻȻʲôһ㣬ʵҺܺ棬ڶʱڴΪһģ
⣬Ҷ촿Ǻѣû뵽ģվﷴӦƬ̣ȻһֻȻ˵ҶСԵȣؼȡ
Ҳǡ
ҶҪסȴΪҶ˵ʱ˻Ѿһµ


500 ţ
ò˵аЧʣһʱҵȫ԰г˸ɸɾ
ʱҶ˺óʱ䣬ҶʵڷĽˣһѽؼУߴϽ뿪
˭֪ŲѣǹˣȴؼҶ졣
ʱ˵ؼûرȵȡҶֻӦֲɵӣôܰѹϵһ˥ؼر͸ˡ
ߺҶͷ˿еؼһΪľѧзţԪģûй̶Ʒס
ⷭһҶϵɫʼұ仯ΪһķԪٶҪı
ѹô𣬾Ȼ˻ԵҶ첻֮̾̾ϲΪҲĸԵֱȱʲôʲô
ľͳٶȽⲢһ֮ڱɽһףѰҩڵ黹ǲЯ
ɽϤİ˵ǸıҶһĹУ·Ĵš
֮ǰֻɽԵڣȴѾܹĵشǿޣɱ˵ȫ뻹Ǻܴݱɰ쵽ġ
ҪĿıѰҩڵҶסɽԵǲɼĿԱٹȵҩ˯ĹľɽֱҰһ㡣
ʱɿţܲҵģûѰҵмֵҩҲû̺߽ڵޡ
Ѿǰ࣬ľʵҲֻǴһͳڶѡ
ڵڣǶȹһḶ̌ʵϣڵڣѶҪԶԶ֮ǰҲ˵Ľʮֻ
ң⻹ľ֧֮£Ļ϶֡
ȻҶ˵ٶȺ˵ٶѾˡ
Ҫʱʱܻоʱúܿ죬Ҷ˻Ӷͷĺˮ̧ͷ죬ֻĺѾһڲ֪жȹˡ
תһ˿Ԫֽ˸һ΢⣬ջ񣬵ؽµҩ꣬ƽڵʮöֻʵ٣ʵǲĿ
Щһ𣬿¶΢ҶЩգΪλջһʱȥˣľ⣬˵Ǻ޽չ
ȥ¸ԵʱҪܸѫˡҶҹеķǣ΢ЩȻƽʱûǰֳʽԵĽǺġ
Ͼô˵Ҳֻһʮ߰꣬Ȼ㲻Ϻ¶ݣǿʤڻǲɱ顣
οѫŴô˵ǰȻųݻܺݺݵĽѵһǱ˼ҽѵһ٣Ҷ»
ﵽͳ綨ҲδؾѫĶֻ֣һͨĶͳ˵Ĺȥѫѧǿ˵˿ңսҶ̾һϰ˵ڶһ˵ʱ򣬷ǳټĳ˽ǸС
ָܿ㱻һɨգԴۺ裬ǰһӺ飡
ҡҡͷҶѳͷ˯׼㾫һ磬ɽĵط
峿ܿ쵽ּʼ֪Ҳ֨֨ţԶһЩ޵һҹɽٶȻָ
Ҷ˯ۣһ֮ӹԾ£Ȼȡһų伢ˣ㿪ʼɽ·̡
һ·ϣĸоϵĳϢ׷ױܶԶ֮
Դϴε֮ڵĳ֮ǿˣ֮ҲǸΪԵĳ֮Ҳɽȴʼǿ޵ԭ֮һ
ϾΪޣǶϹϢĸӦҪԶԶ࣬ҲֻЩ޶۵ĵؽ޻ɵѡ񹥻Ҷ졣
Լʱ·ҶԷ˻ı仯£ľӸ׳һ˶ߣʱʱıҲżͻƮһƬơ
ֻȴ;޴Ͽ
ָоҶͷܣԽǿ޳ûϵڵĻԽ
Ƿ֮ǰĵһӵӰˣڣЩСء
ԴҶɵжϳڵλã֮ԥԴ֮ȥ
㾣ûʱҶ㷢Ŀꡣ
һȺʮɵľħţǵͷֻǣȫһɫӲǣ֫׳ͬȴϾðܻ档
ĻħţҶͷһ󼤵Ȼ첻ˣĻħţǵؽƷޣʵͳǿߣھԴڵ
ңĿǰȺĻħţڽоʮͷĻħţΧһȦӣȦм䣬ͷ͸ӿɫ֡
ţ֮ɣҶ찵ֹһ䣬鱦ͨƪأĻħţһؾ֮ڵĻĻɺɫתΪɫǸʱԳΪţ
ܹƿذɫĻţʮټŻһͷɽ쾹ȻҶһͷò˵һ֮ϲ
ǲҵģΪһƬ֮ڣţֻܴһͷֻĻţ϶ҪʱҶɡ
ңһţʵ൱ûоʤôǿ϶ҲԪˡҶ춼һ̵ְĴþ档

һֻϵĻĻţŭĽҲͬڻţĺ棬Ȼлֺ
ţһֻǸոƿ˰ɫĻţ˼Ҷһɽ˵ĵطغΣⳡţ֮ǺܸȤġ
ѰҲ֮صʱֻţѾһ֮ľʽǼңֻأʱ߱㶼Ѿ˺ۡ
䣡
ţͷĵǸмһ޴ޱȵİɫţȻ㿪ȴԱ˲Ĳ
ţŭһ֫ڵ̤һɫĻڶת۾ͰС
٣֣ͬΪĻΪţᱻţĻĻˣҶ쿴Ľζ˿̺޲Щ֮Ķ߿߳ԡ

ŭֻţֱӳײһ𣬾޴ҷǻඥ̣ûʱ㳦¶Ѫ
ⳡսų˰ʱ󣬷ԲɶɫĻ֣Ҷ쿴峡е龰ֻܰȴֱֹ˼ʱ󣬻㻺ɢ
ۿȥֻֻţѾֳʤϵ˿ţѾʬţţĴӵԶȥ
뿪Ҷٽ볡УȡţڵȻʩչ̤һ·βţȥ
ȻѾţڵţأֻҶܷŹ


501 ͻ
һڵ֧뵽ͳľ磬ԶѾ˵ţڵڱصá
ٳСʱȺĻħţͣһƬкıԵش
ţѪյıɹѾ裬˿ںˮǳ̲ذ
͵ţȻΪʹҶӦںò׳һȴòʹɱֶеˡ
˼һҶݳƿƶ˼ƻ
ţڣжʮͷĻħţҶʵΧĻӦҪľǵȴ
ҹʱ򣬻ĻħţҲû뿪
ΪţأΧһֱͷĻħţػĻĻħţǷ׷˯š
Ҷ֪ѾٵˣȻڲ˵ѾǱȽǡĶʱˡ
ԵĿھȻĬһѡһԪѪ֮׷תرǳѪ֮ѾܹԵĸоѪַڡ
ǳѪѵףһҲ̤;ǿһ

ļģ죬һʮɵľ޴ƾն֣裬ɫ׵绷¡
ܾţȺڼ֮ĵһӦʶĻңΪߣޣҲ֡
ڻңԱţ㱻鵽һߣеĻĻħţĴӴܣֱţɱȥ

֪Ǿ廹Ƿŭţŭһ̫أȻ۴ƵĲԣûеֿĻᡣ
䣡
׹أǳ̲˲䱻ҳһӣԲʮڵϸɳͺˮķ𣬳һƬҡ
ڣҶԥ̤ʩչ£˲볡Уţȥ
ںгѪ֮ҹﲢ̫谭ڽݵĽս֮УɳʯҲǱ
ܿһϢţò˵ʵǿأֱԹȴû̶
ͬʱţҲС࣬ǷŭģڸܵҶϵĳϢ֮󣬲˫̻Ұȥ
Ҷһ˲֮ģܿʧʹ׶ֱӽţУȻȡڵɿȥ
һжں̵ܶʱɣֱɳˮɢлָţҶǲӰ
ȺţҰǸոɥʧţţȴֲ׵ıϮȺӴ˽ʼû䡣
ҶɽбţûʱбҲĻħţİˡ
ҵһɽȷû֮˽ȥ
ŻĻħţڵ㹻ҽͳˣ
ʰһҶһ΢ƽĴʯһڵȻתľʼͻƵĹ̡
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Ҷɫ΢죬Ȼʹ࣬ȴֹ̡
ʱһһţͻƵĹ̽еʮ˳ܹĸоԼһǿǣĻţڵ̺ҪгĶࡣ
ʵҾҲֳ
䣡
ڣֹСʱ֮ڱһҵ죬һ𣬾ֱӽɢȥ
ʲôȻֱӴﵽ˶ͳĳ̶ȣҶ쾪ȲѣȻܵ˻Ļţڵǿû뵽Ȼֱܹͻơ
ͻƺĸоʮģ·ڳӯűըԵҶ첢뿪Ϊղŵ󣬿϶һЩޡ
ȻûʱⲻԶ˳صĽŲ
Ҷ߳ѨĿȥֻɽ༸￪⣬һ¥ߴ첽
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޵ѾǵãӡУ޵ʵӦúһͳ£ڵҶ˵㲻ǿ
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ɣСүүëֳճ¯ĶͳҶ˼½ǣӭȥ
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缤ռƺŤҶֻоһƬƴǰ㡣
ȻˣҶ˵ȴֵһᣬתԪ˫ۣ׶ʩչ
˻һд׵⣬ֱӭƳȥ
飡
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޴ĵУһССӰ𽥷Ŵ󣬺ëŭ𲻶ϣȳϢ
ҶϢ˫ϸ׵磬һ£ֱӺ˺ë˵Ķͷüġ

ëʹĴһȻأڵصĹУͷ­ըѿ
ҶƮ룬㿪Ѫúë˳ȥǰȥ׼һһǷڵ
Ƭ̺һŵɫڵҶ֮С
ʱЦˣҪôͰºջҪôһ֮յ⾪ϲ컹ǻ׽Ū˰
ȡڵҶٶȻصѨ
һöĻħţڵѾͻƣֶһöëڵͳҲǲԶˡ
֮ӽµʱҶȺѰҵһЩ߽ݺڵȻ٣ѾͻƵͳˡ
һεѰ֮У˵չٶգΪҶʱĿģѾɡ
ھƺڵǰһҹҶ콫ڵ£ϵɹĴӶͳͻƵͳڡ
ңջ񻹲ֹڴˣҾȻȫ͡
˿Ҷʵ̫ϲƽ֮ʶ̽
Ұγڵ࣬ڵҵľӨ͸ѷһǰĸҵƷʻҪϺܶġ
ɫʰ죬ԼаɫĻҶ֪ŻĻħţڵĹ͡
õǸܲʱţ֪䣬ɫѾҶ߳ѨŶ̫ͷȲѡ
̶һµʱ䣬һͳͳγ˵ңȻľųԶõջ
һУֱҶͻͽó̡
ʱ䣬ٹҪʼˣѫ䶨ˣ
гҶڼ̤˷ƺڵ·̣֮ڳƺڵɽ֮ǰ
ʱƺɽȴ̫ͬȻ˴ͳ綨ϵĵӣƸ
һĻҶ￩һ£֪ƺڳˣ


502 ֮
һĻҶüͷʱƺѾˣûֳ档
ɽ֮ǰһֽ˵״ֻ̬мΪĩĵװװӣΪû˵Ҵƺڵע⡣
ǽ죬Ȼһ¶֪ƺڷ˶ôش顣
Ҷ첽ǰǰʵʦ壬ѵʲô𣿡
ǸŰˣԸڼҶ֮Ҳ࿴ۣϾСƺʵڷͷ̫ʢˡ
ǾƸˡֱ˵Ŀڡ
ʲôҶȻһǾƸ£
һ˲䣬뵽ܶ࣬ʵʲô£
һϳǾƸ־ȻѪϴ˾Ʒ塣ɫҲѿΪƹƺ̷Щķŭ
ѪϴƷ塭Ҷסˣνǻ⸣֮С֮
̶һµʱ˾޴û뵽Լʦֵȴܵ˲ҵĶˡ
Ǹϣǲ񼣡Ҷҧʵ
ûѾնɱ˵꣬ǿҶ켸ֹۣ˼
Ҷã֪Էʲô֮ʵʦлֱ˵
Ҷô˵ԥһſڣֻ̾һ񼳤֮ǰͬı
ԣҶ˲ΪλֹˡΪ񼳤Ͽ϶ѫɽſڵЩˣרΪ˵Ⱥ׽ǵġ
ʦ壬ӦΣҶ䣬Ȼ¡
һƷ󡣡˵
áҶ˵ͷʣѫʦأ𣿡
һ֪ȥ򣬲Ѿԯʦȥˡص
仰ҶĬƬ̣£ѾŭƺۣҲ֪ѫιǧҪĺ񼳤ǡ
Ȼѫ֮м϶ЩǿԻ飬ڴǴǰǲϣͬʦ֣øŶ³
Ƹ֮Ҷ˵֮С
εΣ˼壬ǽڵµηʮϡѹָмǿ
ռغܴаټηȴֻ˱ѺС
ҶмǸηУϵıǣҶ֪ǹѺҪڣΪֺηһҲѡ
ҶϵĽη֮У֪ǺͲʵľãǰͷ˵Ҷʦֶίˣ޹ġ
лʦ壬ģ塣
˵ͷ뿪ˡҶ쿴ȥıӰЩж˵Ǻ޽ȴ˵
뿪֮Ҷ쾲Ҫ˳˼·Ϊ񼳤ϵʲôеݣһֵ˼
Сӣʲô֣Ҷ˼ʱηеķ
Ҷתͷһۣͷ棬ο£һ˫ȴǳ
Сӣʲô֣δҶشҲηеķҲʳͬ⡣
ҶٶתͷңֻһﰫС֮ҸɾĺܣڴϿҪΪʮһĺء
ܹԲʲô׺ͯ
ҽҶ졣
Ϊɶؽİ
Ͳ󣬱µС
ͬʱʡ
ҶҸһۣҲ֪Ȼش˭Ǻáûشһ㿪ʼ
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ĵİǴĵģôС֮˹Ц
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꣬㻹˼ᵱ꣬һᱻС֮Ҳǵʱŭ
㱻Һθɣʵþ͹ֲñˡ֮СһЩƺû˵Է˵ʵ顣
ٺ٣ʵãʵͼˣС֮˼
Ҷ̲סλǰ֪ΪʲôѺİ
סڣͬ׷ŭĿҶ졣
úúáǼġҶ챻ŵһ£ж£ǰһ̻ôͻȻôͬˡ
ǳҶ֮ƺҲûٳˣС֮һתֿҶ죬СӣȸΪαȻҾ͸Ϊα
Ҷ챾ΪҪ˵Լԭû뵽ǡ
治Ƕ˵ҵģҾ˵ģ֮ŭ
λˣұͬͶ˵˵ɡҶ췢һӺ̫⡣
Ǻã˵֮һȡֻȻһָС֮ˣл꣬ǡҪô˵أǡƺһ󻤷
ιιιô˵ˣС֮˶ʱŭ
ղŲҲҪ˵š֮˵ⷴ
󻤷ҶͷڵƺѾû󻤷ְλ˵ֻƬҶãǱѺƺ񼳤νƺ߱ʦйء
һһ󣬰С֮һָԷҲ˿֮˵ݡ
ΪλᱻѺﰡҶ׷ʡ
Сӣ㻹û˵˭ءͬһһͬ顣
ҶϽһЦҽҶ죬ǾƸӡ
ͨӣ
ԯ˵Ҳ̳ͽܰС֮һֻģ
Ҷ쵱Ȼ֪Ƿ˼ԯ̳ͽܱؽΣֱǻá
ߣ֮˲ûгЦǼ׷ʡ
ʦҶѡҶ˵ͷ
ɶˣ֮ʡ
˵ʲôҲû𣿡Ҷʼ̯֣οЦ
Űͬһҵ֪ģ
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ΪǾǣƺǸģǸСˣСССˣ֮ŭɶ
û˵Ĳƺ۾ԣսթĺС֮ˣҲǻҲһߵģ
ԣҶüͷͨǵҶ쿪ʼ񼳤ϵĻˣƺ߱ʦѵ⾹ġ
ģҲ˵ԯ硢طĴҲ顣
ѵǶǵòȻ֮Ҷֹһ䣬Щŵĸо
ɲզģһȺ˸ӣӳȥɱƬײ֮ŭ
Ҷһղ˵൱ȴ˵ʵֱ¡
Сӣǵԯ磿ʵ
ûУʦҺܺáɹȻеģûŪ֮ǰǲԯκβϡ
УǶƺҲܺã󲻻Ǳ˽˵
ϻƣ˵ˣԯͽԯͽ֮˾һ䣬ֵģԯӣ곤ú
סڣҶվûгŪ֮ǰʦ


503 ׻
ҶͻȻһ׷ͶȻ
ӦƬ̣˵Сô֪ôء
֮˽ӹͷûûĹΡ
ʦжûкҡҶָƽóĳһƺεĴƸ϶ᡣ
ͬʱһһֿɵӵ鿴ҶһȻ˵ˡ
ҶҲǣԹԵȥʼ˼񼳤õĺֶԼ
ţɳ˯ȥڴڵ֮УԲ֪ǰ컹ϣֻ֪Լ˼ʱңˡ
˵㻹
ɱ㣡
˵ĽҶ쳳ѣۣ߾ԯ硣
λԯ粢ǵĽòһ
ף㻹ǻǾͷǳȥ˸š
ԯûǣҶ֮ǰ
ҶϽӭȥʦ⵽ô£
ίˣǱݵġԯЩ˵ɫϾƸֱӵĹϵ
ʦû¡ҶҪο䣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôΪáɿºͰС֮˻֣ɨһۡ
״ԯ˵Ǻ˵ʲô𣿡
ԥƬ̣Ҷ컹ǵ˵ͷƺ߱ʦһ£Ȼп϶飬޷ϣܹһĽԼġϾƺۡԯ硢ط磬⼸صˣһ覴á
˵ģֻҪţôпԵġԯ̾˿Ļ˵Ϊƺھܣƺۣûκʸ͸¶
֪ʦ㲻õңȰ´ðɡҶ˵
ԯ翴Ҷ죬þδԼһյʱ̾һ㲻Ҫ룬Ҳ𵢸ȵϴ֮󣬸ԱῪʼ
áҶ˵˵ͷܹԯĻڸԣԯ绹ϣʤҶ졣
֮ԯ뿪ˣҲֹ֪˶ãٴ˵
һΣºͰСֱ֮ӱףļʮ˴һûŹ
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Ҳɱǣ޹ģȴҲܷǳȥƺ۶Բסλˡ
ԣҶҲ΢΢üƺ۵Ļ߱ʦ飬еĻӦҪиӵĶࡣ
Ҷ죬֪
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ϣƺʡ
ǲϣûҶشĴû̣ҲС
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δҶ˵꣬ƺ۱ӻȡһԼɡ
Ҷӹţ֮סˣݾııԯ֮£ҽβҲԡҶ족ҪǣϵּȻԼġ
ⲻܣҶͷһûдţûйıԯ˼ţǴģ
ʵѾǰɲܲ˵㣬֤ɽ㾹粵ƺһֵңҲ̫ˣƾҲԯʦֲѾ޳طɱ
仰Ҷһͷˮȴͷһཻһ
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˵ˣú÷˼ɣȻﲻ꣬ʮ֮꣬Ǳˡƺ˵תȥʱʧӰ
ƺߺҶֱסǴˣܿ㷢
ƺۺҲôΪһŶƺ½̳Ѻһʲô㡣
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬰С֮˹һ˵Сӣƺ˵˼㻹ᱻųȥ
ҲɡҶ첢
ųȥ֮أʲô㣿֮ʵ
ҶоһƺʲôҪ˵ģǼ֮󣬴ǵȷһ뷨
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ǻãȻǱ㲻ɱԯ𣬳ȥ֮һ¾ŪȻɱطС˵ɱǹġ
˵ͷ֮˹ȥɫ˷ܣ˵±ɱӣƺҪܵĻж˿ιˡ
ЩҶһȻǶƺۺĴжް
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ǰǰǿԽ㣬𲻾ǣԽ㡣֮ҲһĻŭŵģ񱨳֮¾ͼҶһ㡣
ʲôأҶװɻʵɵӶóȻһּΪԵѧ
ѧ
ޱߡ
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ɣҪޱߣǻᱻ
Ͳ˰ɣԸġ˵
У˭ŰҶ֮Աǡ
ˣϻƣˡָ˼أ˵ʵ֮ƺĵ˵ѧȴֲѧǧƣǲŻᱻ
֮˵ʵҲ̾˿ϸôҵڹƶûˣ걻Σƺ뷽跨Ҫ׳Ŀھû˵һأǺüʮ갡
ƺ޸пɫȴûк֮⡣
ԭҶ찵һ䣬ͷȻˡƺ֮Ҫ֮ǰ˵ЩΪͷԼ򵥵ļһѱϣҶϡȻǱ̸Ҷ졣
ǵɫȻѺڵεУƺûܵκȺٽƺ֮ǰĻӦܵʲôƻűͷԼ򵥣϶ƺ۾Ƕˣųȥһƺڣ˵ʵԺܸ߾һųȥŪûʲôصĴ
뵽Ҷ˵ͷãҴӦǣǽҳȥΪǱ𡣡


504 
ͷʮּ򵥣Ըûлɣ׷׵ͷֹɫǼ
Ͼ˺üʮ꣬ûûҹģʱҪûˣ֧ǻȥҲֻбˡ
߶ʮһȽɹ˵ȵȥ֮ҶҪʦ£ǴģǾͼǶԵģҾҲһҪǳҶţͷǼᶨ
ǺãһΪϰ벿֣°벿֣ȿʼѾȲˣƺ˴ñĳ档
Ҷ˵ͷʼμǻ˵ÿһ仰
ѧƷײʵϣƷײƺڽְԵѧĨƷףԭΪΣǲö֪
ʮֵĸӣаֱ֮֮ҶƷζϸϸʣܳʱȥûš
һֱţҶҶƣԼ츳׿ǻͿ֮˲ĴΪʲôǶѧûᣬԼȴ˼ѡ
ʱ֮˵ˣǺǳĻ꼸䣬ȻҶοСӣ㲻żҪôгɣҲûʸųѧˡ뵱꣬Һʱ򣬿ʱأңֻǰ벿ѡ
仰Ҷ˲٣ȻûбֳԼ츳Ǻŵġ
ղųٳٲ򣬺Щգǿ֮˵ѧôױʲôر֮
ãҾһԵġҶ˵ͷĲûо顣
˼ܣ֮ǰ˵Ҫʮ꣬ΪӦþǶκ㹻ĻиҡҶ첻̾
ûƺ˵һӣһ꣬˾ͲڸˣΪһ˵ʣ޷ڶʱɡ
˿ھѧָʣµıǷϰоˡ
죬Ҷ춼ھ֮УȻǸͷĴ֪ͬʱҶҲ֣СȻǽݣÿÿͶǴ⣬ˮܹ
һĻҶӼţƺ۰ǹвѵĿԵġһﲻ֣ƺۿͰǷųȥˡ
СӣȾƲҶ췢ʵ
⼸ദʮǢҶʱʲô׵ĵطͻûģֱӿھʱƣѾҶչˣٲȻҶ쿴СܶԴ
ʹҶЩΣϾһ£ѹһȦס
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ûУСѾǿͶˣҪȾƣͲҸˮ˵
ҶܵЦ겻ףҶȴ֪һƺ۷Ը顣
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Щ׵飬гǧ֮£ͺһ׵ɵһ㣬ҶС
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ôǿ֮һ󾪺ŵʱֻǿεķΧ߷һɲҶ飬ֱӴﵽɡ
˿̣Ҷ֮УܲѣѧȻǷֻŶѣƣǴﵽɣ˵εķΧɴ﷽Բ
ʲôһмԲ֮ھ׵֮
Ҷǿ֮ʱͷüĴͻȻ𵭵⣬󣬳ӡ֣
ųӡǵԽͷҲ͵ɢֻգۼ䣬Ȼɢһࡣ
ңƵɫҲʼת䣬ĺڳתΪɫ
ɫƲУҲøӰԵƣµģȻǵס
ɵķΧѾηռݣ׻ڲ֪ʲôη֮ϣ졣
ѹǶʵ߾ȴûԽԭηĽ⡣
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СӣûʾȻôߣԵ̾
ҶڨЦƤͦˣ⼸Ϳ֮˿Щ˼ˡ
ȾƺȾƣȻ˯þ쿪ʼη˵ֿ꣬ʼСеҪˮ
ֳ£һ죬ƺٶȳ֡


505 ػ
Ҷ챻ΣʱգѾĸ¹ȥˡƺһγ֣ڼ䣬ûκǰ̽Ҷ졣ϢҲ֪
Ȼ϶ܹǿ϶ǻġ
Ҷ쿴ƺ۽ӻ谵Ӱ֪÷תˡ
Ƭ̺ƺҶǰϸҶһ΢΢ͷʼȴû˵
ҶڻͿ֮˵Ľмһ
Գȥˡƺ۵صһ㡣
仰Ϳ֮ƺҶ컹ҪˣǲϵĶҶ켷üŪۣ˼Ǳ˸Ǳ
ҶգգۣȻתصƺϣǷţ
α졣ƺ˵
а׹ӨӨ˾޴ͷ
У׵֮ܵסľд򿪣ҲԶ
Ҷһ˳Ȼƺ۵Ŀע£ܻĶŻ˾һ
λǰһ߾ȫػɡ
仰ǵƺ۵˵ģҶʮּᶨûκα֮Уɼġ
ƺ۲ɶ࿴ҶۣǶգ۾Ϊһ仰Ҷ⵽⡣
˵ǣҶ첢ûѡرܣǺֿĺǶӣƬ֮󣬷ջĿ⡣
߰ɡƺۻ˵
λǰءҶ˹֣ƺ뿪˵Ρ
бĳڴԼʱ֮³ڵ֮ϡ
һ۵Ĺâʱ䴦ڻ谵еҶܲӦ΢΢ۣܾòӦ
ؼĸоΣƺʵûκһ㡣
ܺáҶ˵ͷڶƺǰ𾴣ΪʱദУ˶Ƿǳ֮ˣƺΪǹʮ꣬Ҷʵǲҹͬ
ȻƺҲҲԼ֮ЩĻûŪ֮ǰҶԴƺƺĿܻ֮ǰǰ㡣
ĵССƺ۰ЦЦĿҶ죬ֵղŵҵ˵ЩͲҽ㣿
ҶĬһ˵ûֵҺµĶӵˡ
Ϊƺʡ
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һ£ҶסˡǰʲôǶԵ¡
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ɱ˷ŻΪ񡱣Թǿڵ춨۷֮·ĸ˫ûմѪء
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һ̣ҶƺˡȻϣûе֪ƺڹκ飬ȴƺ۽˹ԭ
Ѿϰɣֻޣ߷ȫҶת̬ȣ˵仰ʱԹƺۣһһ־ͬ顣
Ϊ뵽һ㣬ǾǣΪ۷֮ˣҲܵģҪԶ򱶡
޷ʣʮ֮ڱܴɡƺڿա
ӻȥѿھܳһݡҶ˵
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ʲôҶһǴˣת˲׹ԭƺ۰ΣΪľǰ
סϼ̫ϣƺתֱҶ죬ֵǾ仰ʧһɱ㡣
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ҶסˣȻ֮ǰ͸ܵƺ۶ԼĲͬʱûʲôرĸо
ǽ죬仰ٶȴƺ۵Ŀ˵ȴоһĪѹ
νϣʲôѵǡ
ȥɣǶʱܷųƺ˵ȥ
ҶϣѾپ飬Ϊƺ۱ȻԼĿǡңǿȻԼȴǷľõİȡ
ʲôƺۻͷʵ˿ҲѾָ˳̬ϹŴݵЦ⣬˿һ۾;ͷ󶨡·ڣκ鶼Խ
ҶҲ֪ԼΪʲô֧֧Ƭ֮Ҳûʲô˵ģͷһ֮תȥ
ƺϸ߿գƶ֮ʣͷҶһۣɫתЩڼڡ

صƷ壬Ҷԯס˿ԯھ֪Щʲô
Ҷţʦһˡ
˼ϣԯվͺãձǸԣͱ𵽴ˡ
ԯʱǲ֪ģƺۺ˵֮ҲΪҶǣǶҶ˵Ǻ£ҶȻҲûʲôɼġ
仰˵Ҷ챻Σ൱ڽһʵһ顣
ңҲǺ˽Ҷ죬֪СӺܳʱûۣ϶ҪԲŻԵ顣
СϸڣҶǸжԯ֮ҪΪǱʶҪڸϴѫ
ʦôûƺҶЦʵ
⣬ԯ˲Ĭ¡
״ҶͷһѵԼѺڼ䣬ƺʲô鲻ɣǡ񼳤ϵɱ֮УƺѾѡ
ԺͬϣȰͷȰ޹飬ɱۡ
Ĭκԯ˵һ仰
ɱۡҶ쳹סˣ漴뵽˰ҹ顣
ʦѵڵİҹ֮Ѿѣ
ԯ˵ͷֹǾѡȲҪˣƶʱҲҵһҪסҵĻ
ǣʦҶ֣صͷóԯ˵Щʱжᣬ˵˳˵飬Ѿ˼޿صĵز
ʦ֪ƺôǲǰҹħԷΪҪ뿪ƺڣҶѹסĵɻʵ
޾ǱգѪѣǸʱ֪ȥġԯ̾˿ֵ޾֮Уӡǿ޻꣬ǳͰҹʱûѡɱǷ˳ȥгʶǰҹꡭѾƺˡ
ϯҶ͵һ֪ƺۼԼϵжˡ


506 㾡
ԯ뿪֮Ҷǵ䡣ھƺһֱܵ
񣬾ƺڰҹѣҴԯֻƬпѰҹ֮һΪǾƺǱĬϵΪҲ˵ƺΪ˱ǿϧ׹ħ
ҲͰҹ֮վһԾ
Ҷգþòƽ
죬Ϊ˲ֵ̣ѵһλ𣿡Ҷૣüį
񣬰ȴֶһƺָоֱ˷
뵽ЩʣҶ겻ѡ
ԴһҡҡͷЩҪӰ쵽ԼϾѾ̾Ҳûá
Űʱ֮˲Ʒ塣ΪµסϽȥ
ɵǣ˿̶϶ҲµסУʲôһ㲣ƺܿա
ҶŶʱѾЦ⣬֪ƺû˵ûУҶʱ׼֪
϶վڼҶ֮һγı鸡֮ϡ
һӿ˳
ʲôҶһۣ֪϶һΪԼĵǡ
϶û˵ֱһѽҶ챧סúܽܽƺҶ뿪
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Ҷḧ϶ĺ󱳣ˣⲻû𡣡
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㱻ôá
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飬ʵǣ̫ƺŲ϶ˣǲҲ뵽Щ鵱
˺һ϶ֹסᣬǼǿŮӣʵΪŻ¶һ档
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ȿȿȡʼң֪Ҿͻȥ˯ˣȻƴ㣬ǵģƵġ
ҶһЦȻ֪ڿЦ˵ôԴˣ
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Ѱֱĺ𣡡Ц
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ΣҶҲ΢΢Ծ֮ǰѾǰ˶ʦͻ֮ҲҲﵽͳ綨
ܳԾ԰ɣЩ⣬ֵԾء
˵꣬϶ҶҲĿ˹ȥ
϶ΣҲѾﵽ߶ʿĽ綨Ц
ģ
㻹ţΪ˾㣬ҹޣɼƲ˵
ĻҶҲ˵Ҳߣ֪ļţ޷ҩΪܹڶʱڴﵽ˽ҪܵĿۣ֪
жֵҶ죬Լĳʲôǻٶ̲⣬һôŽһףǲǲҰ
Ҳ֪ЦǻصƨղŻ˵ˣ츳޶ۣһ׾Ͳˡ
ʵϣͻһףҲֻ˰µʱѣ֮˵Ҷ飬ҲƻûȬ̿ʼޣ⵼Ƹ˺ܳʱ䡣
Ȼ϶ûгΪҶ죬㹻ǣ֪ļ£Ϊ˾Ҷ죬ǿԼ侲
£Ҷع飬ʵߣνԴϲľϣһݡ
ҲȰ˵Ҷ죬ȵ֮ףҲ١
ڼҶǸгģ֮Ǳ㲻ټˡϾҶ죬Ѿϰš
һƺȵذǾģ߰˴Ρ
º϶Ůӣ˺üΡҶ⣬Ϊԣֻζѡ
ȵҹ˷Ŵظ
ȥ·ϣ϶һֱҶһºͶǰ棬ܿ죬֪˵ʲôȻ·ɿˣֻҶ϶˶С
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ڶ˵Ҷ̻Ϊֵܣͷ­Ѫ
˵ĳ̶ֳϣҶʧȥ˺Ͱ֮ȥΨһϣ
϶˵ûôӣֻҶ죬ĽȫȥҲûйϵֻҪҶ졣
ͬɥᣡ
϶⡣
϶Ҷļû˵ɽС·֮ϡ
·ԵĴУʱʱҹݺöҲǵŨ⡣
ôţţڣҶ쿪ˡ
϶˵֡
ͣ˽Ų϶Ҷ죬ڴ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôܾˡ϶ǳǳһЦҸ
Ҫඡ
һ仰ӡ϶˵ͷüۼҸŨˡ
ҶɫΪ࣬·κεɶǶ⼸ֵ¡
϶΢˳
Ҷˡ
ݵ϶ץץͷŭ֪㲻ˣ
ʱҶȴһץס϶˫֣ЦҪȻô
˵ֱ꣬ӽӡ϶Ĵϡ϶һ˫Ŀɵϴ˲뵽һƬհ׵С
հ׺ܿ㱻ҸҶᡣ
һǣ㾡㺣á
˫ֿҶٶ϶·þеа⣬ʽ˵֡
Ұ㣡
϶ˣҸˮҶʶôãһε֣һֱڵȡ
Ҳ㣡
϶Ӧ
˫һӡһ𡭡
ϡ΢ڣϵ
һҹҶ϶Ϊһ壬˽ӵڶԷУǿ޵İ⡣


507 
ʱֿʼԹ緹ҶЯ϶»ϣһͬƸ
Ƹ֮󣬲ûκֵľһճƷ塣
ǷҪϣƸ϶ҲҪɽ˺ġĸǰ񼳤ɵѣԲŻᵼֳ档
ȻĸĸһЩ̳ӻǻսģΪƸĸԣ˵˾Ҷѫ֮һսǶƺһжǶĴڣһսȻǣܶ˵ġ
磬ƸƸΡƸ󼧻ҶµĲʷˣǾ
ˣⳡ˵һ̳֮е۷ԣҲʮΧ۶ѡ
죬ʱ̵ԯʽʼ
ⳡɳǩķʽУĸµʱƸһЩӣֻ࣬аʮˣǩ֮󣬺ܿͿʼ˱ԡ
ҶһֵĶǸЩС½ӣ࣬ڱԵĹҶƵƵ֣ԷȴսһսҶ췳ͣûκĽһ֡
Ҷ죬ѫɾҪĶˡΪҶΪʦŵ鱻Լ̣벻ͷţΪѸϵʱ
ﱩֱ꣬أλǸҲ͵˴ù˲ͱܣһˡ
ԯüͷ΢壬ѫԽԽˣȥŪûµġ
ԯͷҶӮ𣿡ط˹ȥһѺעʵ
ԯû˵ֻΪҲ˵ãҪǲطʦܡ
طûȤһʾҲ˵
ʱĶԾһֱԽʣһгǩһֶ֡
˭Ҫǳ鵽ѫҶ죬Ǽֱǵù𣿡Ρ
ӦֱӶϡ˽ӻ
ҿѫղǼӺҶĥĥ˰ӮϣҶռˡʷҲƸĵӣ˿ΡվһԴϴαҶ֮˺ܶࡣ˫군֮һϴĸƣΡҲų
˵仰֮Ρɫ΢䣬Сôǳ𣿡
ʷЦһʦ֣Ҽǳ𰡣ʵǣѫĶͳڣҶʲôʵ
ΡҭסˣûΪʷ˵ʵ֪ҶĸǰŸոս뵽ͳ綨ȻţôεʱڴﵽһܹѫĵزҲûпܡ
ɣСǻ˾ϲءΡ̾˿ȴҲΪҶ쵣ġȻ֪ҶѾͻƵͳ綨϶飬Ǿ˵
ܿ죬ڶֵӹ죬ۼҵĶԾУʱʱŶȥ
һҶѫܿƽ˶֣Ȼܹڶ֣ʵ϶ҪǿһЩǵǰǲһ
ǵ֡֡֡
ֻʣˡ
˿ʼڴΪѫҶ֮۷ԾҪʼˡ
ǩĽûκʧҶսѫ
Ƿֿеģȿʼˣ˵ĶԾҲԺβ
Ϊ˵еһˣǶ
Ѿ߶ͳ綨ȫ˳Գ֮һ˵ͨһͳĶ֣ûѧŷǷ裬Ҳܺһѡ
ȻĶֲˣ˶ʦڣ⿴Ҫ߹Ľ綨ȴһΡ
֮ܶ󣬶Ҷߣļʾ
Ҷ΢΢ͷܴݸӵΪڵͳ綨ټϳѪңҪʤѫʲô¡

ӹ죬Ϊľʱ̣£ʱڵ
ѫҶߵ̨ϣ໥֮䣬ƺл𻨽
ʦˡƬ̺Ҷ칰˹֣˵
ѫûлػƵˣ֪ҶʵѾСҲǵոսɽʱǸҶˡŲȥ˵Щʲô֮Ļ
һж֤Ӯûжۣ˿̵ѫѾҶ쵱ɱС
ͬҶҲȻѾӵпԲѫʱֵġ
Ͼ񼳤ϵ£ѫѡûԯʧ
һսڴܾˡѫڿˣףž
ŻɢԵƵѫҶԴʵҲ˺þá
룡
ҶһƣѪ֮ܵӦ٣ʱɢ
ֵĶԾʱѾǽƻ裬˿̣Ϧӳ£ҶսҫĿ
ѫͫ΢΢һҶĹע̶ȿɲһ㣬˽ҲûռҶϢ֪Ҷط
սѧѫ΢΢죬ռϢУûκһᵽҶ컹ĳսѧ
Ȼ֪ⲢʲôսѧսѧѪ۳ɵĽսףҪԶսѧǿĶࡣ

һѫȻ֣첻ҶʹʲôϵʽҪӮ
һɫѫ˫ƼӿڰоݵĻк󣬺Ȼ۳һɫì
ƣ
ѫĺɫԪ۳ɵĳìֱȡҶظصء
ìҶмٷŴһɱ
ѫֱ֣ӱʡȥЩ̽ԵʽҶҲ˲ȼһѪ
ԵҲǸߺһ˿ĶѫĿ֮顣
󣬷׶ʩչ׵˫֮ϣҶ쵥صڵһ㣬˱֮ͬķȥ
һĻڳ޲󾪣Ҷ쾹ҪֱȥԪ۳ɵĳìӲӲѵǷ˲ɣ
Ҳ˵ӲӲĽʲô͵ΪһΪǵ顣
ɢԪìѫԳû֣ռϷ硣
䲻ɢԪìҶ켫п˲ͻˡ
ȻԵǱߣѫȴҲ΢΢һݣʽԵҶΪӰԵ
䣡
УҶȭͷѾͳɫìһ𣬺䣬һ˷ڡ
˲µûѫץסûֻ֣ͺһ̱ԪΧЩתݣͬɱһ㣬â¶
ڹâ̫ʢԴҲܿҶڵѫȥ֮ȴ졣
ҵһһͬϵⲨɢ
޷磬ԲʮڵﶼȥΪĩĵӣ˿̶ǲòԶȥʷּĵӣҪԪܹ֤
ԯɫķŶҲʼҶѫԼΪĵӣȻûʧ


508 ѫ
治治ʦ֣˭Ӯطпʼû½ˣΪ̫ߣȻȥһЩʶС˵ȻͬΪݵУԹ׵ͣط粻Ը˵طͷֻԯϵϺá
Ŀԡԯ翴ûпʦ˽ĺܣѻϻӴ򿪣ûûˡ
ߣȤط簵һ䣬ֻٰƻسС
֮ͬʱͶҲڵĽ̸š
ʦ˭Ӯ𹧾ţѫͬһʱĵӣϸ˵䶼״ӺߣҶġ֡ҪǰһЩ
ڹȥʱѫĶͷǶ˶ЩϲͷʮֲԸ
ֻҶ֮־汻ˡһ仰˵ģ˵Ѿҵѡ
Ȼѫ㲻ѣҶ֮֮ĶԹȷʵ˲١
˵ӵĽٶ֮죬ֱ󡣡Ȼڿޣȴ׹˸һŲϵ֮ϣҲǲ˺⣺һϣѫܹ˺Ƭ
Ҷ죬û˱ȶ¸ӺΪӣҶС
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ǾǴҶĺȦ֣ߵ˫ٵ·ӡ
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ҪʵʩֲԣѡĿȻ˼ܣ׳©Ķ
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ģ֮ĶԹҲ֡Ҷ쿴뷨Ϊ˹˼ӣ˵
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