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1 
ſڣֳֳꪺȻ·֮˷׷׳ͶޱĽĿ⣬Ӹ߰ͷ˫ĿӵĶܵһУгȻ
ǷԲ֮ӣڵҸһָĴڣ̫үѾ첻֪꣬Ǻպĸ֣˸ǡ
ܹΪҵһӣֻǻ÷Բǧ֮֮͡
ɫĽɣγĶԱȡô˵ԼԲ֮˵һľԻȨ֮ÿһܹҵĴӽĿеʥء
գŵƽʣڽ֮˵϶Եϲɫƺڷʲôϲһ
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2 
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첻мƲƲ죬ԼʵأҶ֣㲻ΪƾЩ֣ܽɣ


3 صҿ
Ļɫޱѿ
Ƿ߿񽣵ĳ֣ǺȻѡ
һʱ䣬ԺޱȳǹճаЦɫ

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4 С
ˣȥһ㷴֮ûУòԶһеȫţ
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үȥĶ뿪Һ󣬿񽣱ؽʵ
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˵꣬㽫ŹϣǻŽָһȻ


5 а
ˡ
ûȶã

Ļűƿһʮ˿룬ŹغúղŸƵĽָĵķƶаκ֪ǹٻа٣

˼Ī־ֳһӡ˶ʱɫһݣμа٣
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Ҫһ㣬ұһΪŮˣ޸˱̲檣ܳ谮ҲΪұķչԽԽ졣
²ʲôĻҪ˶೤ʱ䣬ҺԼҾͲòΪұˡ
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ʱһ˫С쵽СļϣΪţԵüΪɡ
Ҫ˵ĹҲֻǰǿ񽣶С̶ʮֵֺã˭˼ôС˾ǿʵ
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ְ֣ȥĶ
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ʱСʲôãϲԣԵĶӲڣôҲ֣һʱСһ㶼ûߣͺǳμʱûʲô
ĽУԽԽ죬ұķٶȥ·Ŀ࣬ͬ˹һ


6 
ұֱ߾ڵΨһһСΪұǿԵʣһֱұ֮˹̵˰Ҳһֱƹܣ˵ұĲԴ֮һ
ǵСʱ;ˣϵһж˵ʮֵϤ
ʱ˾ʯϣ󲿷׬Ǯ⣬ұı־֤ұˣ
ЩֻһЦδС
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Ʋ˺ܿԾһץһȿҲͿţʱʱΪСӲϵգҲû̫˵ע⡭
ֻ񽣴ʱɱǱؽȴһ˶΢ſһɷģЩȴҲҶ˵ʲô
ְ֣һԼȣ
Сʱʱ䣬ʮȱˣ̧Ĵ۾˵
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СӣûҼүĻӻưͣǻүһ˹ֱ㳯ȥ
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Сӣֶΰ
үɫ㾹ȻҶүҵ˳֣

͵һ̧ͷɷɱ⸡֣ǻүŵýˣʣµɾȥš

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ɵĺܳɹΪ֮ǰѰҵ·仯챻˷ֻ֣ǱһԱܿ׷Ϯ
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ǰȹŮȴз֮ɫ˼ɬһ㣬վԭؾþδŮӵỽû


7 ұ
뿪ǰȹŮҲŮȥûнɺǼӷϣֱǶԶ֮ʹɵĴڣһ׷׸Ͻ뿪¥ϰͻǿЦá
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ڴϣƺ֮ǰҪȹŮӵ飬ǣֱıģÿɰС顭
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ҲǵһǰÿÿʱܹԵĶһڴϣʱһ˯˿š
ϥ붨֮ɢĹ⣬ͷϿգֳһڶһ㣬Եޱȹ죬ԭƽϢڴʱҲޱƮ·˶ȫ뵽˿ռһ㡭

ʱʱ䣬˫ۣһ̾ͷ˵ҵĻԵ棬ɵҪʱҲܴﵽٵĳ̶ȣ
ÿһεĽٱ䶼ƫƫʮڴٱĵ㲻Ű
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Ҫһ㣬֪βܹڶıͻĽ٣

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һʱ䣬ڵǧ˱˿ͣżĲϳÿ˵ı鶼쳣̾Ϣ
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ٴĳżеŮһͣŭĳСӣǵú͹ԣ


8 л
ȻðһǿӦһŮˣ˵ĻҪ˶ƫƵġ
ѵֻ׼ۣ
һԴż䣬ĵλС㣬ԸۣǾͼѵҲˣ
Сӣ㡭㾹ôԹ˵żеŮֱš
ţżֺܿڰǸŮһżӺŮٴγˣߣСӣҼסˣľҲҪˣߣ
գʮһļ۸ľĵУʱĻƽľ͹ͬʱҪ쵱ˣ
ǹأΪľǷֹем۶޷Ȼżеȴ֮нϾܹż䶼϶ݵˣΪС¶Լ衭
ϲλɹĵľ
ɺʦ˵Ǵ˴һ
˵ţеĺ첼һƿչ˵У
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ڴһƷ˵ҩżЧǳıرȻֱرҲǶЩߴ֮˶ԣұЩļӣûЯ
Ʒڴͬʱ֣˺ˡ
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ڻ굤ڴмΪңֻΪȲľã۸Ҳ˲٣Ϊƽ룬ܺùûаɡ
ȥҹĻ٣Ҳ˳Էʱ򣬹ʶǣСֳڵľ¥ȥ
ԹǿҪ£ֻʼ֣ɸ࣬Կ˵򶷣ԷȾûʲôܹȤ־͹ְɣҲˡ
һֱ죬ŻصõϢ

ҹһƬžϡĺڰ£һӰûоκ˱ֱֱҵĸߴǽ⣬ӰȫڣֻҪ⳯ǱȥԲᷢ˴ڡ
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һܣϸһѲʱͬҹèһ㾲ǱʮֶӺ󣬺һȻ˷ɿĴ֮ڡ
ҵͼһ㣬ζȫ˺ڰƹܿһԺ⡭
ұɵסҲҹĿĵأ
ˣҫڵ֪ˣİɣҵƼһԼǱ̲ģ
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лүС㣿
΢΢ü漴ܿ۾һӦлˣ
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飬̲֮Ůʮ꣬ʵ龳أпڶʮ֮ǰͻ죬ʵȻǲڵĽԸЩƫ۵ĶһҪõ֡
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üͷұʵǿһЩ̲İͽŮҲʶ
ѵұͺͱ̲ϵ
ԣпܣ
ǰҼǵұֻһ죬ȴұĵ̣ڼðģôֻһͣڱ̲İ²ģ
ԽԽüпܣɫȻࡣ
̲ȻڻԪ½ֻһȴҲڵܹӦġ
ʱǷʻɣȴһɫĵС㣬Ҳ˵Ĳ֪
ǽϲźȻҵĹܼңóƷڴȡƱʸʲôûʱȥ飡
˵лȴȻ۾һ˵ڴСóģѵһʦɣ
Ԫ½ϣʦΪټҪﵽܹ֮̽Ƿӵʦʣ֮ͼʦǿߣ
Ϊֻн뵽죬ܹΧͬʱҩģ
ʦÿһȡĶ
ܣ
ҡҡͷ˵Сӵ಻ʮ꣬ôʦ춼ǰɣ
С˵ǣ
̸ŵСҼһ棬ʵֻضѣӦǽҵõѩѣҿһûκɢްˡ
ԣ
лҡҡͷ˫΢еĵ㿴һصɢСӣóʮһƽľ𣿡
лү˼˵
ʦضҲ֧ţʦ
лʦƳѩǰľҲпλʦҪǸСӲֻһм˰ˣȻǲ֪ǸСʦʲôϵ
Σҵ裬һҪһ
ȭͷ߷ߵĵС󣬹ҿеĶûòֵģߣ
ʦ÷ģһ㱨𣡲ҪľûҪݺݵĽѵһ٣лڱ˵
ӣӦϲܾˣֻȴһֱûκζĵ˼ʵ˵̲ڣ鶼ûп۵ġ
ұΧϣܹһ֮лתɷԸ
лүģ
ؿ˵ǰȥѰңֻҪұķΧڣ֤֮ǰץλǰ
ܺãȥɣ
лͷҲ֮뿪ˣȻ⴦ԺɵסԴл鵽֮˳
Ҳ֮æӴ㿪ȥʱл뵽һ䣬ŴӰֳ΢˼һºηɿʧԭء


9 һн
ҹ£ȵӰϢƣûоҵκˣ찴ϣ˳ҵı⡭
һ¥ߵıźɭϵܸѾĻ壬Ҫ͵У±ضǧѡ
أ
ǱһӰ£ʮ׿ı΢΢ճһߣ⼸ʱУа֮⣬Ȥıǻˡ
ԺĿԣ캣ڣʦͷ⣬ûһܹڻطȵù
ұ޷캣ȣֻضѰ˵ʮΣգŸ㲻ʲô⣡
ҪһЩ
ϸشܣν϶ҧһұ۷壬Ҳ²ΧĶ֣οұҲ졭
ס쾲Ǳţʯһ㣬һ˫۾ϸ۲ܵһУע⵽ǲڱſȥ
ұȻ򵥣
ǱһʱĶˡ
Ѹײڶٶȣźڰҹɫڻץס֮˲ļʱ䣬ֱӿԽʮ׵ľ룬ֱ˱Ǹӱߣϡ
ֻĶЩ죬ԵĹܿϵĳЩλΪ֪һЩλضѾĻأʱҲͻᱩ¶ˡ
ס·û˿ٴθֳһĨаЦϾһֽŲãֽŶèƵģϢĳĴȥ
⣬첢δż룬ٴι۲һܣתȻһһҶ΢ĺۼģһĻһ΢Ҷɳɳ·ĳǱ˹ȥ
ڣ
ץסת˲ŵʱ̺Ϣ򿪣ȰС
һУһȻɣҶĦ֮ͣʱٴλָǼûзκ쳣

̵ģôɭϣл屣ΪжôصĶ
ԼĲκֲܷĸȴﲻмĽ
캣ԼңҪ˲٣˵캣ıˡ
סԣʲô
Ŀܿ춢һнϣĶϽƺκ⣬ȴһĸоĵиںȥһ㡣
ô£
üȴǸ벻Ȼ
գǾԼĸоߣнǽȡ£ֵɲǣʱһĪı亮Ӳнȫ鲻ԽĴһ
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üͷȴķ֣ǹɺֻǻþһ˿еĲнκ⡭
ȻҲȷǹǿҵĺģ
ҲգҲܿһˣ
ааһЦнл˻α漴ʧĿܣȴһʧ̱ȡһڼʱȻ׿տ
ЩȻҿϣȴҲûã
еڶ㣡
콫һĶȫȡ󣬱̧ڶĽȥ
ԣȻн磡
׼̤Ͻݵɲǣ춸Ȼɫһ䣬ԥĽ˻
û뵽Ȼһĸ磡
ϸϸ۲һ쵹ǾԼЩСұ
ĸ˼壬ʵĽɣﲼµĸ磬ӽȴԲκһһĸ类˴򿪣ôӽ̷ףڿͨӽԽֱӴ͵ĸǰ
һǰִ캣ʱ򣬾Ͳ˵ʱˣûб˷ԺΪ䣬ʱҲôķЩ
ҵʵ޷ƿĸ磡
Цãűɽ޿κΣֱúܡ
硭һԣ
ͻȻ뷨漴ĿԽԽҪٴ̧ŵɲǣȴǲ˻
ԭͻأһΪϤŴ򿪣үҪҵ㶫
ˣ֮ǰҫ棡
ǣү֮˼ҫ浽Ҳκη̽Ŵ˿
ҫĴ룬ոںڰнƴ򿪵ɲǣȴ̷һ춯صĺС
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ҫ淢Ƶĺţ룬ǰյһĿɿڴһǿ˹һ
˵ô£
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үǣ
ʧ룬ҡͷ
ƨ
žһҫһϣǣѵүңôණǼԵôȻʧ
⡭үĲǰ
һĽڵϣ˭Ҳûע⵽һԵĴƿϢĹϡ
Щļһ
ҫǰһ߷һȻʵҪ߳һЩʱȴҷһıߵڵأί
ȥͬʱҸ׺ʹ
ҫµУǼҵţߣ
ǣǣ
֪ͨɺҫڶ˹ⱦһǸͬһȫˣ
ⱻֱǸһĶ⣬ߵǣ͵л˿Ц
ҽҹ׻ᷢʲôѾܹ֪ˣҹɫܿĻصõķУ
ϣСԭŵСȻոչغ÷ŵһ
СӣҪҰ
쳤³һߵ£ȡǹߡ
ְֳ֣ȥϾˣ
ûȻϰߣ˫ֻסĸ첲Ц˵
ţȥתһȦ
쵹ҲûֻСѾͷʵϻ캣ڸСħŮĳƺţԲһܹȵ˵ģ
ˣ
СתˮĴ۾鶯
ǲ㱻ˣ
СӵֻķһֽۣСӱڻУСȴŤһӣӴһԾֱ˰С֡
ʲô㶡
ְ֣˵أСԴ۾ǽ
ðɺðɣȥɣ
ЦõĽָȡ·СѾͷУСһЦæ̽ŴָڵһУȴС˵Щ
ϻ
ٴСӾǽǱнӴָ˳˻εְ֣Ŷ
ŶΪʲô
ĳЩӦ棬СӵȷҪǿһЩʶ仰ҲȤ
֪أ
ͷϸһЩȷĵְ֣Ҿģ


10 ҫı
ι˵ôϣұˣϣҵˣ㿴ЩЩأ
ˣôܣ
УʲôܵģҺ˵Ů˵ĵܵܵھӼҵǸ˾ҵǴﴫģôм٣
ɣֲý쵽ҵЩ
ǰҲ֪ʲôģ⵨Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
˭˵أ
峿һ磬죬Ϳõг͵ʱ򣬱Ա˵ĶԻ
죬졭ﻹһң
⵱ڣԽԽһ󼱴ٵĽŲʮ룬Ϊ׵ĺȻҫ棡
ӴⲻǶүô
õƹ̹ӭЦүŪĳ
죡
ҫһۣҸ㣬ƹ񣬽ûɶ£ñүңŲүƵꣿ
ţţС££ƹ̹ȥһҲҳ
ˣһѣһʣ
ҫֺһ֣ʮɢһ鿪ʼҫĿ⻷Ӵ漴ע⵽ǵĴڣɵк˳˹ȥ
Сӣ㾹ȻҲ
ҫߵˣҽȥȻ͵ҵıǼֱòͷˣ
үү
ƹæǶСĿ˰סˣôʲô˵ⲻǻиСŮô
˭˵СŮͲǵˣ
ҫתһɣ漴ָſ󱳸ؽЦǱҵģѵүһϴɣ
⡭
ƹ˵ʲôȴҫһȵһߡ
ʱʮҲ׷׽ǰΧʳǷ׷ԶһЩ˭֪ұΧڣҾ죬ǲǵֻҪҫλ޶Ķүˣ²ҲѲƤ
ү
컺ڵȷҵģ
ϻ
ҫߵСӣȰ־ܣұ
ðɣȻô˵ˣֻҪܹǾ㴦ãô
˵䣬ʾ񽣽ؽȡ£ƮƮķ˵ϡ
Сӣ˵ģ
Ļҫʱ۾һǰ֣ȡ
䡭
ո̧ĽȻأҫ⧲֮£ǰ㣬״ʱһ࣬ײһſסΡ


ڳ֮˼һĻ׷״ЦСЦýͷС컳Уǿ񽣵ףҫһͨ죬ЦʲôЦʲôЦģ
ְ֣úЦŶ
˶ҫŭ岻ЦƫƫС˿Ϊ⣬ҫĿǿˣŪĺһ㡣
Сˣ˵ʲô
ҫ浱ðɣ־Ҫȥ

״˫һУȴ˼ɵֱӳ֣Ȼץסҫֱۣ漴ֻһͷֱ۶ϣҫ浱ʹ
ͻһĻڳ֮˷׷ɫ䡣
ʹʹˣ
ҫ治ϵʹ趼ǰ׳հϣ
վס
վɨʮҶһұ֤һλүϵľͲֻ첲
ʮϵһֱֻ֣סҫĲӣڿ񽣵Ĵ΢£ҫɫ˲䷢ףڴʱ˲١
סס֣
ҫ漱æסЩͬʱڿ񽣵УȴͬС̶ƵģѲ
ү
ҫаЦƽʱϲ£Լ˵˵ΪʲôҪ͹أ
ҡҴˣ
ҫɥȴʹѣҪүȻүһǰƤ
ž
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û
ž
ҷϣ
һȳһ϶ԳƵָӡֳЦݼֱħһ㡣
û
ž

죡ΪҲ֪ʲô
ҪΪұҾͲɱ㣡
˵䣬ɱӣ˲ʱ¶ȶ½٣ҫǿɱϮŵû¶ײǵ
ˣ
ʾ񽣽˷ſһɲǣҫ澹̱ĵ˵ϣŵʺܵ˷׷סڱǡ
סң
һ仰ǣС¥ȥڿ񽣱ɷһˣŽ
үү
ʧЩŸϽǰҫҫĿӣȻǱӣȴҲұֳҴҵ뿪ˡ
һ죬ҫֱ絽˼㣡
һĻ»Ϊ˲෹ľЦ̸
Ȼ˵ٶҲڳ֮һͷųɱ⣬ףȥޱˣʵһɱ

ҵĴѲɼ˼Ѳõˣûҫһֱӽ˶ԳΪĵ
ְ֣ǵʲôѽ
ʱַУϣСȻƻƵľС죬ֱأȥˣ
СӿеĻȥָĲǻȥңǻȥ캣
ˣСӣ
ԴЦŵںϷʽһΣһҵĹԹŮŶ
ģ
Ļʱ۾ҿɲԶְۣ֡˼Ҷþúþûأ
ԣֻҵģôͷ˫һĨɱ
ţˣ
Сӿĵĵͷ˭뵽ôһ޺СӣѾմȾϵԲأ
ү
ʱĵ˵ɴֱ˹ʲӵұȫˣ
˵
һۣÿӣ񽣣Щһû˽Ҫȫɱˣ˭ң
ðɺðɣ˵ˣǺȰľƣ
ʵı죬ͳƺڴڵĹţ쿴ĿЦá
ʱ⴫ƹ͹𣿡
ȥţ
һԾ£ȴǱָ˻΢΢̳һߵĵƹ𣿡
ǣе飡͹ȿŰɣƹ
ǺãԵȣ
񽣶һ漴ǰŴ򿪣Ȼһ˲䣬һâֱϮȴ׼һɲǣʳָָգۼ㽫ǵâָڡ
⣬ʮۣÿһűֵҹҹ֮̽ʱл
ȻҲҪʶһ㣬ЦҲδ̫˰ɣԩ޳𣬸ʲô


11 ˽
ʱⷿⷿ˫ƺ̵˼㣬ɼĳлֽĶ죬ڱ̲ϰָʹ벻Ȼ˸ָĽмס
СӣȻ㣡
ȻʱĴл˳ŭ죬ҧݵĵҵľ
λС㣬Ҫ˵ף
ɨһ飬ν۸ߵã֣õĲʰɣ
Сӣ㡭
һɣҪ˵ʲô֮ʣлȻһٴϮСӣȻôʦ˵ҿǻĲͷ˰ɣ
˵䣬âٴϮм֮̽УǽУ׷ϮȻȫ
һˮ
ߵû뵽ñ̲ͽȻ˲
Ųδһ裬ֱӽлĹȫ񵲻ȥƲЦˮҲˣ
Сӣ
лԽŭˣų⣬ûܹ֮ͬ׵ؽĽƣҲԽ̼лָ߰
лĿҲԽˡ
ٴγ֣ʱлг֮֮ǰɱ·𲻽ʬαĲһ
˿κλңȻһ뻡ҽֱ̤˲䣬кâһֻáϡļлգۼ㱻ýˡ
ţһлδӦɲǣֻȰϣһ˲лֻòһеĹһͣ
леһļٸκζһ䲱ӱֱӸƵ³
һͻ䣬˭û뵽ģ
лߵ鿴ĿҲǾ
Ҫ֪ԼλʦʵһҲǼΪˣʮȴǰڣɾȻȥ˺޻֮
Сӣſʦ֣
ԵֻҪǱ֤̣
̣
⻰첻Цˣ˵λС㣬û´ĻӦǱ̲ĴСɣղ˵ʲộȹҵİɣ
˵䣬еĶлĲϻһ£λһԲֱӶ֣ѵǱ̲ڣ
ߣСүƲǣ
żƾʵҲСүҶֱ֣Բ
Сӣ־ɱң
һٵӣлԽŭˣɱңұ֤һڣ
ô
⻰ǺȻ¶һĨаЦеɱСүҲвΪвҵˣСүҶ뾡취ȥ㡭Ҳ⣡
ס֣
˵Ҫɱˣļˣʦ֣ұ죡
λѡ
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ڱ̲ڣܶˣĸɶǵһԣȻ鲢û˼ȴҲܴԸĿлȥ
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鵹Ǻʹİ˰֣Щֻұ֮˶ѣżֱѾ⣬ĻҲҶͣ׷׼Ҵҵ뿪ˡ
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ĻǴͷӸڷ˹һӷļϣ뿪ˣ֮ʱͭС۾ݺݵһлˡ
󺺲Ųʲô̲ûķԸͳֽڶ춯ֵлˡ
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С㣬鷳ţ
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лţֻǰڵôĶ֣
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һ˫·ĵ£巢ŲŲԵôѡ
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֪ΪΣȻһ죬촥ĵطеƵģ˿̵ĶС¹ײ

ͻȻƺоԣȻгֵǣֻڷڻصȥ
ԽҲѡ
Žߵ죬ϵһĨаЦƺ쵽ʲôɵþӨˮӯۿ
˿̾Ǻ޸֮СŮһ㡣
ˡˡ
ӾǴƵԽԽʮĿϿɰë

龪ʧ룬滨ĸҪƿ죬ȴٶȶȻ죬ֱסһӣС졭
Ҫ̡
һŭѣɺ޵ǰСӾȻͷ˽ϵĽš
̡

ҪȴסòϾȫȻĸоʮֱĽܣԭô۾˿̾ѾסĽëѣ˵ĵĲƽ
ʮӣѾһУĸоĳС
ɣ
ͻȻǰǴ˿̷·Ѿξߢ˶ɵаЦС㣬û뵽⻹ĵһΣ
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˵
ʳָصǺ촽ϣһֻΪһ۽ǵˮ˵С椣ӽԺֻСүһˣ
˵ֱ꣬һԵĴ뿪һ仰ԶƽƮ뷿ڣС椣סˣ˽죡⣬СүҺúõĸһĳƢ´㻹Ҿƨɣ


12 
뿪ˣȻȴ˺ЩƵģű߾þδϵˮߺӳһƬ֪Щʲô
ˣáҼסˣ
һŻعָ˸촽񷽲ŵָоɴƵģԽŭ
۾Щã뽿ߣڳĻ϶ᴵſڵϷС椣û뵽㾹ȻŰ򣡡
Ű
ʱǱιȥлת˹ٴӵһԾֳֳܣЩ飬æ߹ȥʦãû°ɣǸСأ
ʲô
Ȼѣʦ֣ˣ
ʦãôˣ
лɫǲСӶʲôˣȥ

һ䣬ʲôû֮ˣ
ûнǳʮӵ˵ЩĪ壬֪ԼǸȥԼǵ˵ʲôо
ֻǣڸ˿½Ļˡ
ˣ
뵽ֲŭһ䡣
лûֵʦãСӾȻ۸ǣȻȥ֮һҪʦ
ˣ
Щ͵Ļ˻С֣ʦ֣ұҲĲˣҲʱȥˣ
ãʦõģ
лͷǰ裬ôҲܷŹѾһҪҳСӺݺݵĽѵһ١

ң
ڶ峿ʱ֣⣬ǣȻҲǸߡ
վסʲôˣſڵʱŭĿӡ
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Сӣ㣡
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죡
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Цһƣֶ룡ֶôûضҪúɲŶ԰ˣλǡ
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üëһȻڣʵλ£˵ҸƺܹСֶλרΪ˱ģ

⻰˲ֲ¶ۼһ£ǿЦֶ˵Цˣ㸸ң¶Ŵ˵ⱨӦҲŶԣ
Ŷô
΢΢𣬹ճһаȵĻߣ漴ȴɫȻһݣ˫΢еĵȻˣǾСֶһͰɣҸôģ
ʮյʱҺϼһ죬ȻҹȻʧ٣ʱجģʬ޴棬ϢǴɿдֻʱǶ۶ѣ
һֱ춼ۿ˳ˣС˼ȵȴδֳһֱʮʱԼȻо綾ͷȣѾһ߸ʬˡ
ԣŻ֮ǰ֮ʱȻعһĻ
캣ʮʹ֮һϢټСĻףҿ²ף
ʶŴ뿪ұڡ
ʱת䣬ɹĵֶʲô˼ߵغ֮ѵһɣ
죬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ҫҲԱ߽Ҹ㣬ұҴүôɲܹŵĵط
룡
ĿһȻ˸漴һĶȻҫһαһ⣬ȫ޷֮
㣬㾹ȻҴң
ҫغţ˰˸ɱɱ
ҫĻĻ׷׳ű룬ֻûеõɵķԸҲ
ֶǺ⣿
˫Ŀ²豭ĵ֮ӣҲδ̫Ű˰ɣ
壬ˣ
˵ļһЦСֶҲֻǰܽһ¶ӰˣνӲ̸֮ү˳סѵͲ¶ҵ棿
ô˵һҪлˣһǿŭ
زأ
ڰ֣ǫĵˣһôΪ֣ʲôлˣ
㡭
ڳϸ˶ò֪˵ʲôˣ
ˣզôҪأûǷ
һ˲ȴȡһ۵õֽŷɵǰĵ壬ȿ˵ɣʵҺܺ棬˵ĵǼ٣
ʲô
΢΢һ㶣ӹֽŴһɵһӴվŭ˵˵ȫǺ˵˵Щ壬ɱ˶֮£
ʵһֽϼصĶȷĽЩ룬ԾԳ˳ɡ
߳ŭӣѾȫȻˣ
ʲô
ҫںҫöûԼ˷ŭɵýֽ˹Ͽȥ漴ֵܶһۣɵһĨ𾪡
壬ȻǼٵģֺα˷ŭţ
쵹Ŷȣĵ岻һ£ЩǴӺδأ


13 ʵҲɱ
ĻᣬɫҸ˶Уȴھ
ɣ˹һ
һж˵нУҵ֪ҲԲ˫֮Ҹĸ֮صһУֱһ㣬ɴ˿ǰֻжʮ죬󵽵жôǿܹʮǰ

һֿܣ캣
ڻԪ½ϣ캣ԷϢԼӪɱΪԴ캣ͼûɲ˵񣬶ʮǰ˻ʮѣֻҪܹǮôһж㲻ʲô⣡
⻹һ㣬Ҫ˽ܣ캣ǶȻκ¾ȥ򵥵ѰһֻҲܣ
캣󣿡
뵽ЩɵɫԽҲɭû뵽ֶȻ·ͨ캣ĹĿ࿴
ǳ˵Ҹ׵йˣ·ûиоɿеɱһ㣬ϣļ
Ȼ㶼Ѿˣֺαض˵
֣Ƿűҫ̽ΧʮֱֳָڰΧܲ͸硭
ֶԭҲɱ㣡
ɲŵºͣĵƫƫԼĲȫ㣬δҲ̫˵ȥ˰ɣ԰ֶͰĵȥɣÿڵʱҶǸЩֽǮģ
Сӣȥɣ
ҫڱ˷ܵĽţСѾһ㡣

ЦһƲƾǣ˵ƾǣ
Ȼ丸ӣƫƫаҪԣ󻹲У
찡죬ĴǲԼ˰ϣۣ
ǣ
ʮ֮Ӧһϸ˺һЩǱ㳯˳˹ȥ
үԶ˰ɣ
񽣿һĻûκνţĦȭƣƺԵüΪ˷ܡ
ԣȻ˲ŹǣҲûҪˮ
ʼ磬ĵ񽣣ſɱɣҪ׳
ϣү
⻰񽣶ʱ۽ţôֳ˳ȥͬȺգۼҺǾһȭ˼Ѫء
󺺡
Աߣ˫Ŀ΢ݣغȵڸʲôһˣϣ˵
ϰ
ɱ
Ҳ壬һƷһ㣬ȫ񽣰Χȥ
úãڿԴɱˣ
񽣷ĺţһ˫з˷ܵѪɫȴûȡ±ؽЩ˸ý
ɿ񽣼㲻ؽҲɱ˻һĳɱţûһܹ浲סһȭһȣֻҪȭͷ߽Ӵɲǣƶǹۣһ˱ֱӶ˸ӰЩأټĶϸ첲ȣ췽ԣľ׳һ
ֻǣɱĲ󣬶ҵ˰ˣ
ǰһĻϸ˿Ŀɿڴ
ħٷ
ȶԣСƺκ컳УȻԱ߰ڷŵĹ㣬ڲϵָָ㣬ɿһ󷢺
߰˷ӺʮѾ߰˰ˣʣµҲҿϾڳԿɱħͷʧȥ˳ֵ
ȻȴִķԸǲôԼȥ
ꡭꡭ
ȰС֣ܿ콫ʣ˵ĲŤϣͬƵģ⼸ʬ˻ѪУ˵ɵɷĵһۣ߻صվ
̫ˣģ
еһˮݵǰ۾Ц㣬ɰ
ٺ٣ллСС㣡
ȫûɱ֮ʱͣѿٺһЦӹˮһҧ룬ô׽ı븹ڡ
죬ʱϵаЦûʧ˵ǰһĻ׳ΣаЦ
ɣλֵʵΣ
ɸѿɫ豭һڣʵ˵Һֶмǳԣ
죬㲻Ҫ̫
ҧʵǿҲֻһˣˣѲɾһ
Ŷ߰ɣ
첻÷ʼ磬㳯ȥ΢΢һ㶣㣬Ҫʲô
㲻˵һ𣿡
תͷ¶һħЦݣаЦʩչǵȥʵɣҲ뿴λֵܵ׽ܲܽȫˣ
ᣬ·˵Լ¶ȴɭѣƻͻһѩɵɫ
ţĿһУ
Ǵʱµӡˡ
ߣҪɱұɱҵҪɱ٣
Ǹǿɱ˻ǸСŮҾͲţץסǴ󺺸Ҳ־ܣ
ͨһ㣬ɴҫںҫ˱һͬĻ԰У˿棬Ѿֱֳ֮Ⱥţӵ·ʮ׿ĸߴ๭Դ
ֵĳ氡
컷ܣûκνţԹԵĳˮȫûЩ˷С
үðȥЩСȫŪˣ
˷쳣һҪ£λıǴܣβǳԷȾƣ
Ū
ԲϷʵĳǱ˹ȥ΢΢ĵҵ壬׼ЩԸǣ׼ҵ֣
СӣƾҲֳ֣ɻشҫ浱˳мĵ
ֻһδڡ
ðɣȻˣǾͶְɣ
ʼ磬ŬŬ죬˵񽣰ǧ˼ʧһҪúõɱ©һ𣿡
ٺ١үͿðɣ
ЦܵȺǶǿСһ㣬ԥĴ̤Ⱥǰȥ
Ų̤ڵϣôؽһ
ɱ
ʱҲ֮һԶһĲƽսȻչ
һȭһ˿Ѫɶ˾Ϯһӱ㵹һƬ
һţߵһ˹ѣֻգۼʧȥ
ô򵥵ȭŹΧ֮ȴûһǿ񽣵һ֮УӴضǲзϵ³
˿̵Ŀ񽣣ɱ˻һ㲻ϵĺɱţ̶ʱ䣬ûһٸҿķԲڡ
ث֣Щث֣
ȭЦƾҲͰүԣ
£Ǳ׾Ȼ٣һԽ׵ľ룬ֱӺɱŽ뵽Ⱥ֮Уһչһֵɱ¾
塭
ʱаЦתͷȥ̾ϢĵǺαأʵҲɱˣ


14 죿
ʵҲɱˣ
⻰ɲһûɱˣ㲻ɱ˻Ǹɱ˲ʮˣвɱˣ
Ҫɱ˵ʱҪڣ
죬ĲҪ̫ˣ
ҫָŭҸ㣬ܹվŴҵĴųȥүһĲаˣ
סգ
ƲƲ죬³ҫ汻һ죬֪ԼǶֵĻѾȥƤˡ
ҫ棡
ɫĺֹҫ棬ҧ죬㲻Ҫ̫ҳǸп񽣵ĵȷǿ˻СŮ޶
Ŷ
ԣ첻üëһô˵Ҫץסв񽣿
ԡ㲻Ҫң
ûлش𣬵ȴȻ˵һС
Ǻǡ
ԽЦˣЦǲм֮ɫ
ְ֣˺ᣡ
ʱ˾죬ܲĽй˳ȥǲˣߡǻˣˣ
⿴ƺĻĻȴɺŵ
ԼȷǺˣҪһɱôˣҲǲܵģ
ǾǺˣܹɱôˣ
ŹԼµĹˣɲ֪˵ʲôˣѵһˣҪСŮ˭Ǻ˭ǻ⣿
ϣ뻵Եķֽ
ˬþöûôˬˣ
ʱǿ񽣴Ц֮ȻлźЩ֮˵ʹɸ˸ӵķߺ޲ѡ
ȫķԸɱ¾ţɱ¾ŪѪܣЩϸ첲ⱻڵϣɱ֮˾ûһģǿ񽣵Ĳɱ¾УȫȾһƬ޵ĳ
֣׼֣
ʵ̲ȥˣһµɲǣʮ׿⹭붯֣һγһһļ꣬ſڵλϮȥ
ô
쿴һĻٴһĨаȵЦɿȴǳЦ
죡
һ¶ۼĳవͷ漴ӽ䴦ȻΣֱӳȥ
Ŷ̲סĶˣ
΢΢һЦ͵Ϯ˼ɲǣȻâһ漴ֻáϡĽ֮ȻӰűȸղ͵ϮٶȵɶĺۼѪͬγһ޵Ĳʺ硭
ȻҲôǿ
һĻɶʱŵĵɴ˫ۣ
͵Ϯʵ龳أֻҪ֣Ǿ;Բʧܣ
񲻽ʧˣ׹ڵص˾ֱӱ
壬͵Ϯ˿ɲһֺϰ߰
ǣתͷ¶һȶħҪаЦݣ˵ˣƾֶΣҲ̫С˰ɣ
һ飬˵ǣ˵Һðɣ
Ŷˡ
ָǰڲɱ¾Ŀ񽣣Ц壬ҿûǰǼɣٲĻЩ˿¾Ҫסˣ
㡭
ŭ죬ǰЩϣȴûиʲôˣԽ̼˿񽣵ɱ⣬ܼ֮ܵ˺ɱԽԽ٣Ѫɺӣ⻨԰һѪرһ㡣
ѵ죿
̲ס˫һݣ뵽ŵһУԽ϶뷨
ղŵĳɱ͵Ϯ֮ˣȴǱɸѡԵ׿ˣ֣СѾͷɾ͸ûˡ
ȻҾͳȫǣ
һ漴һ΢΢ֵ鷳ֳֺ֣
˵ֺαô
ǰ˵öԣ˶˿ɣ
ɹֵķ򲢼߳ˣԼĪʮ꣬ҵλ䣬һΪΪơ
ΪڣΪڡ
ΪλĴڣұʵڽڴԼұѹһͷ
Щûõļһ˿
ɵĻУʣµʮ֮˷׷׼Ҵҵ˺󣬶ȴɱ𣬽ٴκɱ˺ü˺ŽĿߵԼǰԶƶϡ
Сӣ־ܰɣ
ҹ㲢Ϣĳָ߽׹˵ǹɣҪ֪Ĳǵ蹵ǶԣֻҪһδ̤죬Ǳ׽ɱ
֣űˣ
ƹЦһ죬ְɣ⿴
ãֵţɱ˺ȥúõĺȼ
ã
ʱ˼ֱ񽣵ϵһ㣬ɵҲ¶˲̵Цݣ
ֳ֣Ͳˣ˻ܹôţ
ɱǾɣ
һĨ˷ܣԥĻȭǰȥȭպգ̩ɽѹһ㡣
СӣȻҾͳȫ㣡
û񽣷УתԪ̧ӭȥһ֮˸ֵ¡
Ȼ˿̿ȴһĨ
˴ӿ񽣣ǲĴ
ȥɣ
˵ȭͷӴɲǣ񽣶ȻһȣǿƽʵȭͷȻɫâʢ͵ԪϢȻӡ
ãȻ죡
ԭɢʱȻɫ䣬ɴ˿ҪлѾˣڶκζҲûʱ䡣
䡭
ꡭ
ɲǣһԼ֮ֱֱɶһ·Ѫ
ʲô
һĻ⣬ڳ˶סˡ
죡
󺺾Ȼ֣
ʱ˿̣ϹӶףԭ֮ǰһֱûȫԪδó
֡
ûֵƼæߣѾϵұۣ˫ĿһĨ𺧡
¾ʵҪ߳һЩҪһұۣҲǾԲܵģ
ƫƫˣҿӺûнһʮֵĲһ
ǵģ񽣵ȷܲ⣡
ںұۺ󣬿ЩյԼȭͷɷһţʵ벻ͨԼȭͷôûԤ뵱еЧ
СӣҪɱ㣡
Ƽ˿ڴ˼ΪֹѪ󣬱ԥĳ񽣳˹ȥ
ǰ֮䣬Ʋ˿Ĵ⣬ֱ꣬âз·Ҫʬһ㡣
ɱƾ㣿
ôȥ
ʱеľᣬżϮƣô̤ĳ˹ȥ
ȻʱĿȴɢһɫĹâ·ʲôһ㡣
ϡ
ڿϣȴֻǳһЩӡӡ
ʲôôܣ
ƶʱ𾪲ѣԼڵʵȫһȻ˵ķƣ
ˣòʲôɣ
ٺ١
ȴֵֻסԼ۾ѿ㳯ץ˹ȥ̫ԵʣûзӦ㱻񽣸ס˲ӡ
ֲľ˲ȫʹʵ񱻷ӡסһ㣬ȫ޷
죿
죬¶ѩ׵ĴƲҲ˵ɱȥ
£ֱ۶ȻֵɲǣֻһѵƵľ׵Ǳ㱻ֱϣͷһ˲ʧȥ
ڵ֣ôˣļ޷֮


15 ң
Ƶɵȸɫޱ䡭
Ҫ֪ƿһڵ֣Ȼô򵥱㱻ɱ˵һ㷴֮ûУֱ˲š
˵ȥΪĴ󺺣ʵٶ

ô
ʱԱ߲Զұ۵ͬ۾һĻﾪѡ
ڵƶױɱôֻڵأ
붼ǿ־壡
һ
񽣲мƲƲ죬ֽƵʬ˦һߣ֮ȥ
һĲϿ׶ߵδʱУͬɱһ㣬֮ǰָ߰ȫȻڡſ񽣵ĲƽϵȥԵǰ㱯
㣬㲻Ҫ
ϵҡͷҼʹȴ죬ò졣
ɣ
񽣿ûô˼ǰһɲǣȻ߳
ꡭء

ʱ㱻ֱиߵķݰ㵹ɣصʮ׿ĵϣȻѾǽˣ߹ƣһĻ˵
סû
΢΢һ㶣Ҫǰһţڴ˿̣ĳס֣
Сӣ˵ʲô
תͷһָмĵΪʲôðסְס֣
㡭㲻ɱ
ɼˣǱ̲ˣ
̲ˣ
ɵĻ쵹΢΢üʾ԰Цͱ̲Ĺϵǳţ
ɻˣȴֺת䣬ǣ̲Σѵ̲˾ɱãߣΪ㿿ϱ̲Ҿû취ͲҶ㣿ң

߳Ūɫһһףɵսɿ죬ȻҲ֪굽׾ʲô㲻Ҫˣ̲ܹǵģ
ǰû
ͷһٶȴɫһϲҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴִϵȱżҵ壡ҵȷ̲󣬵ҽȫɱˣ˭֪ģ
棬ĻѾŨɱ
֮ǰѾʮǰ츸йأΪңߵĶ˵ùȥġ
ǰڵѵ̲Ϊ
ߣΪ캣а٣Ա̲ҲһЩ˽⣬ڱ̲Ҳû̫ߵĵλ
죬㡭
оɱɫ䣬ʱȴȻڣ񽣣ɱˣ
ϣү
̹һЦ͵ǰգۼ㽫ûʲôֿ֮ɱȫûһ֮⣬Դˣɫɫֶըѿĵ׷ᣬֱֱŻ

˿ΪĴЦţߴľ԰
ҫںҫֵܴ˿̸ɫףɱ˵ģȴûôѪȣǿŵ̬ħٷ
ˡһжˣ
ɱɫŤ˼㡣
֮ضñ̲ŭӶǣңʱǸӿ֪ôġ
죬Ҫȥ
ҾҲҪһ汳
Ťɫ׷ŭ֮һϣɱǣ죬
Ȼҵĸ֮⣬Щ⻰¶ԥſ񽣵Ĵɱ¾Ǽ𺳣ɾһϣҲû취
ߣͷصĻԼ
ʮĸٳ񽣳˹ȥÿ񽣴ٴһ֣¶ѪЦݡ
ɣÿүүǹ
ٴλһ㲻˷ĳӭϣȭͷȽţÿһž˺ܿһİ֮
ԽԽ˷ܣɾŪʮˣһ׷ŴӺɥ֮Ȯûʲôһ׷ϣôȱ첲ȿ¶ģûüֱŪ
ǣǡ
ʱɷŭָʮŭǻϣŲžǲɱǣҲúѿ
ɵƢ»ܣ
ô
컷Χע⵽ЩеľԥȻһЦλ֪ʵܶ඼ǱҹӶģ԰ɣרҸ˵鷳޹أ
ɵĻǺαطϣ죬Ǹӱ
ĻǾһը죡
ǰȻɸ˱ǻʲô
Ҳ˵ûйУѵǻ¹ɣ
ɣҫҫ游ˣȴɫѿ˼㡣
űһ仰Ūƽʮˣ˾Ȼһ䷴Ļ˵ˡ
ȥɣ
񽣺ܿ콫һĸɱŲٵѪ߻صߣҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǲס˱ӣ壬ϺóԶ㣡
ٺ١
˿̵Ŀ񽣣뷽źһƵģЦͷȻ΢˿һЩŪЦã簮Դ漴ɸӵԵڣǻʲô˵
ҲһǺù
ҧ˵ţ漴ںȻ䣬͵ķֱץסҫںҫ䣬һ˦ǽǳ˦ȥǿܣȥ̲󣡣
ְ֣ȥ׷ǣ
ſ񽣳֣Щ嶯ֻİûжˣ˵ʲôСһֵܶȥ
ɣȴٳ񽣳˹ȥһ˸ĺâ
Сӣ
˵žҪ֣ȴ
˵ţγԪֱ̱֮ͦڴ˿ķ¸Եޱȴۡ
һ벽죬ҲҶԱٶ֣
Ŀкâ˸ֱϮɣɱεͷӡ
ǻһмĻߣ漴гٻζεĹ첽аһ㣬˲ֹס˵λúȻת䡣
ۡ
˽룬ɲȻ쭳һѪ˺Ȼأȫʧȥ
Դˣұ֮㳹ʧ䣡
ʱ֮ܵ˷׷¶ɫϾҲǵļֻǱӶģʱһҲЩ飡
ְ֡
ʱ˹㿴ӰԺǽⱻ˽ڵϼһ̳
ְ֣ҰǶɱŶ
ֱͶ컳Уһĵúòã
ǵϵʬ壬Ȼҫҫֵܣ
Դˣֱϵȫ𣡣
ЩЦãͷཱུһڣЦȻú

СӿĵЦţȻ֮ܵȴһ·˹һ
ղһ˳ȥֵܵʬҲۿʣǾǱɱ
ôֻСӣܹɱ
ǴЦݣȴôҲ벻ôһСӾȻܹ˶̵ʱɱˣҿȥԵޱɣ
ǹ
˵вһͷ
񽣵ĵǹ룬һɱɣԼɱֵܡ
ˣѵǹתɣ


16 С椣ó
Ƕ
úõؿһ٣ĿųʣµĶʮ֮ȥ
ĿƿԿģÿһ˶һëȻ֮УǵһĨаЦһĸϽߵǰվ
ʮ˵ʵһ龳ء
ʲô֣컷һˣ㽫߷龳ϡ
үĻСľ
ľܺãˣ
ͷԸ⳼𣿡
Ը⣡СԸ⣡
ľԥĳȥӽԺС˱ضΨү֮Ǵӣ
ҪĲЩûʵĻ
ڰֵҪı֣
ǣ
ȥ¥ϰ壬Ȼֽøң˵
ǣС
ľӦһ漴ԥſ˵ˡС˶죬֪үδЩֵܣ
ǡ
ĿһâȴٺһЦүðȥɣ֣
үɲǣ
ľҧұ֤Ƕ׷үģ
ǰүһĵģ
һСɣ
Ƕʮ˷׷׳ģһĹڵϣĿ
ɣǿ񽣳֣ǱضûκλȥĿܣľȴǸеǿҵϣ
ܻ˭Ըȥ
˵ܹλү񲻱Ҫ
ԸĹ˳ޱʵ
Ը⣡Ը⣡
һΣգʱᶪҲԸ⣿
ҵԸ⣡
ðɣ
ĿÿһͣһһͿľϣȷŹǣκһжģپͽǶʮһɱʱֱٺ飡
˵棬ĻѾԵɱ⣬񲨶ǿҲѣЩһĵͷȥӡ
Ǿȸľȥ򣬵ȱȥ֮һЩţ˵
ǣҵȽү֮
˼æӦŵҪ뿪ľȴԵүȻϸôұضȺףȻүûռ֮ģϸЩµĲүһߣ
ǮǮ
쿪ڣ㵱˫ĿŹĵְ֡ҪǮǮǮǮͿööĶŶ
Сӣ˳֮⣬ϲľǽӣֱһСԡ
ðɣ
ͷǹȥ
ǣүСС㣬λ磬С
ľǰ·ܿԼĴָڱٴζ˺ܶĶκ˽ȥ쿴ĿЦãȴҲδֹ
Щ֮ôĹŮҪ

ӭлүС㵽²ʤң
գŵƽʣڶүۣүĴ£Ա̲л鹧ӭ븮ڡ
ؿ
鵭ЦҲǱ̲ˣҲǶ˵ʦˣȻһˣ
ǵģǵģС˵Ķԣ
ЦȮӽ̲󣬻Слүչ˲ǣҺϼ±ضмλĴ£
Աߣ۵ĻҲδʦʦǷʾ
ˣۣ
л͵İڰֵǰһԵģһ·ʦöЩˣ
ǣǣлү
ӦѾźˣͷԸ˶⣬λķҲ׼ˣҲպϴˮλϴ裬ȳԷ
ʦã㿴أ
ϴɣ
˵һ·ķ糾Ҳ٣оЩ
ǣͷԸŮλϴ
ţ
漴ŮĴ£лԽ뵽Ѿźõķ䣬ϴˮڣˮмɾĸо
ˣȥɣҲϲ˷̣
ŮԸǶ뽫Źغúȥ¶𪽿۵ļˮ¶Ӱ£¶һĨ˵糺졭
̧̤ԡ裬ˮ󼡷泩˲³һ
޳۵ȫ϶£䣬ԡ˯нˮȻִһŽ޺촽֮ʣȴһ飬ԺкȻֳձǿǵΣ˲ͨ졭
ˣ
ҧ촽һ˫һĨĴ飬ˣҵʱôûһɱأ
С椣ɱ˭
ɲǣһͻأ鷴ӦޱѸ٣ԱɲǣȻѾγԴķ˹ȥ
һ磡
ȻȴֱӱָסûʲôĶֻһɾϮ使⧲֮ǰĶȥܿûһ˵Ļ

žҪȴɲǼ䣬ľӨסϤȻ𣬡С椣ʲô
һֻֻһǳĽţֵĻ彿ۣټ鱾һ㣬ĺڴ˿̼˲١
ˣ㣡
Ķʱֹסֵ£촽ķһ̣гʱڵ϶֪
ٺ١С椣ӣ񻹺һЦͷסǽ޵ĺ촽
̡
Ҫȴ֪Ϊĵ׺ĸоУһ˫ֵߣղ֮С
ʮӣǽ
ɿɲǣŮ˾ֱӵͷһļҧһڣ첻ɵһ죬С椣ˣ
ҧ֮˿˿Ѫ˿
ˣÿμ֪۸˼ң
齿ѣ漴쵽ʲôԣ͵ľһֱͶ벻Զԡ裬ߺ쵽˼㡭
С椣ʲôöģͿˣ
ƲƲ죬ˮ㳯ⲻҪļһ˹ȥˣ㻹˵
ٺ١
ааһЦĨȥϵˮգߵԡˮͬ飬ϵаЦһ˫ĿоԼģҪֹ֪Ϊʮָо
С椣ĸóˣֱȻһ£˵㿴ڣݹ᾵ģʲôŰƵģָжôã
˵䣬Ŀֱֱǰ˿̵ͬɫһ
ˡ
⻰ɵ߼ٴˮȥ漴ȴͷһ£ĵˣѵĺС
˵أ
ʼ磬ȻˮУӦɲֱץס΢΢֮ʱ鲻ɵϳŨŨĴ顭
ˡĺСôһʵ
һ˫϶ӣ촽ҧԵúڴ
˵ʵȷе㣬ˣ
òŤĵ̫Ҳã΢һͺˣʲôС㲻żֻҪÿఴĦΣͻ᳤ģ
ȥ
ⲻҪƤĻʱûĴѿȥԡһƽԣע⵽Ϸ֮ʱɵһӡ
һ̣ڳޱϢ


17 
ˡ
͵Щ鲻Խ֮ʱʵĺȻ˶һһӽ˿ȥȴʼղͣ¡
˭
һʮֲ
С㣬ң
˵˭Ҳûע⵽һ˫â
ò˵ȷƯټǱ̲СݣܹĻģôضһɳ졣
ƽǰװģʵȴһɫ֮ͽǹ˼ɵݲ򵥣뾡ְ취ǿռˣ
Ҳ벻ʱڷв飬Ĵ졣
ô
ڴ鲻ôѵҾûŮˣԡҲҪͷүţ
⡭ǵģС㣬ǧҪᣡ
һ֮ɫ˸ֺǻֵ̿ĵС㣬ģлүҸƣ֪СǷѾԡˣҵʧԹģð֮С£
ҹ
һʱЦѣһŮϴԡȻҪһߴ٣ðʧô򵥣
ǣǣ͹͹
ܿ죬뿪ˣڵкâ֮ɫ˸ȴֺܿ츴ӵ죬촽ҧĵˣû´ĻѾǸүɣ

ûĵͷǽεĺ촽ӹаЦС㻹̫
ˣ˼ʲôʱˣ
鶪һۣûˣ
ר̹ǲΪ˽̲أʵ
ţ
ӦʲҲԣǾһžģμпܻΪҵʦܣ
Ҳ˵׼ΪͽĦ°͵
˭˰
ʱһ죬еɬֻҪǸ˶ܿ
ˣÿ˼Ҫ·
ɬѵĽţȴĿԡеĽ˶аЦ㴩ûֹ㣡
㡭
ⲻҪĻԽ߼һޱȽޣаʢǹ˼ɵ˿̻ԵĻ϶Ҫ̻ǣֻξߢСˡ
ˣʲô
죬ɿû˿Ҫƿ˼ԥһºջҧҧ촽ôӴԡվ
ǰ𪽿۵ļӯӯһյ֫ģں㷢ʪɢϣһɬȴֳĪ㺵ˮһֳˮܽأȻȥ֮Уһ˫ɫȫŲˣеֻȸӵŨֱҪһڽǰ˶ȥƵġ
ʲôأ
ɬĵʹͷæˮɣٴϸɾ·΢ջһЩĿ⡣
ˡ
߽ǰҪ˵ʲôδ꣬ȴ͵ıӵ뻳УŴֱӷס촽˲У˫ֻסĲ
һŴ֣žӨ˿ߣɬȭͷᴷһؿڣĿԹĵˣǲżΣ͡
ҾôͷŻֹ˶аЦݡ
ûʲô
ҧҧ촽ԥ͵Ĵ컳ѳȥˣǲܵģ㡭㻹Ұɣ
˵꣬ŮתܳȥξӨƮ䣬ϵаЦȻһ͡
С㣬⣬Ů
ʲôң
ָ֮ǰְϽȥԷѵҪҲɣ
ǣǣС
Ů̲ѣܿ뿪ˣĦ°վڷԡߣ֪Щʲô

ʦãˣϽ
ڣڷŸʳ鱻Ů˵ʱлӡ
ллʦ֣
鵹Ҳûоܾͷ
ò˵ϴһ·̳ȷԵøƯһһĨΣ١
Ȼ˭Ҳ֪ڷڷ飬ǶֻǱϴ֮ˡ
ʦãôˣ
ûһʳлü
ûʲô
ҡҡͷһιŮľ׽ţʼձ鶼ûʲô仯
ǺǣлүС㣬λܹϾӣǸң
ۼ״ЦٱҾλ
ɣ
ϣһƬңӼлƨлʮܵȫֻ䵭Ӧ䣬֮ǰո֮ʱӵ
˼ҳԱˣ
ʮӺʦ֣ʦܣԣЩˣȻطϢ
˵꣬˾ֱܾ뿪ˡ
лүСǡ㶣ǲʲôĵط
ǵ£
лڰ֣ʦЩˣʲôǳǵģȻȥͺã
Ǿ鷳лүˣ
ӦСǶǸʲôֱ˵Ǳضȫ
Ǻǡ˵˵
лһ뿪ķһĨɻ漴ӵУְȻ֮ɫԽŨأΪƨĸоҲл̬ȸһЩؿڱ֤̲һжչˣͲûնͷݰˣ

㻹𣿡
صе飬ںŮ󣬱ţԵЩʡ
ȻȴһƬļžûκλӦȻѾ뿪ˡ
ˡ
鲻һеſڴϣ鶯εξӨˮջ䣬˵ıˡ
ס
ȻСִ£͵ֱ壬Ȼһֽ
С椣ˣСүŮˣҸСүҴñӣСүôʰ㣿
СүЩҪȥˣУ˱ﲻһҪ̲úúõĿǿǣ
ˣǵøҺúõǶ룬´μʱǻûӰҵָУСүôʰ㣿
ֽϵݣĽؿڣȻĻ￴ȥôԵʱȴһۡ
Ŀԣ
룬֪ڿЩʲôʱԺӰӡ
ȻǲżΣָоȴ˵ģһһ㣬ԵӣԲѡ
롭
ģ뵽һ仰鲻ɬһڣˣ֪۸ңǣǵ׸ôܳ󰡣ѵҪԼȥࣿ
ţ鲻ԽĽСַǰϣ֣ĸоʣ鲻Խ̳ڶʱһ˿˿Ϣ


18 ܲ
ûκע뿪һ·Уܿ¥㣬רŸŵķ䣬죬Լ⣬
װȴʮֵļӣ˵вʧׯأȻǾһĲõġ
˾٣Ҳʮ⡣
ְְ֣֡
ո̤ϵ¥ݣֱֱ˵컳УСǵϿ˼ڡ
СӣճԹɣ춼ģ
׶״һۣȴĿЦţȫûһ⡣
㰡û취
ЦõҡҡͷȻȴգŴ۾ʵְ֣ղȥ𣿡

ԶʱˣСӵıӱȹ飬ֻҪһӴųͬϵŮζȴÿζ˵Ǹ裬˺üΣСһɴ಻˵ˡ

һӣЦøӸˣС컳ŤŤȥСϵѾϲɾģɰ˼㡭
񽣣ȥľЩ˽
뷿䣬ڴԴȵĿ񽣷Ը
õģү
񽣸ϽӺ;Ʊ߳䣬ʱһŲľܹʮ˱㱻һƨɴԴȣҲϡ
μү
ʮ뵥¹򣬾Թ
ӣǺ񻹲
ûżЩȥǵʹͷ̧
ڣ˿񽣳Զʮֹ졣
һŻһ飬ǳĹ鸽𣿡
ǣ
ʮӦȻ󣬵ȴżᶨ
ʵ֮󣬿֣һ˴ʮˣȴǿʤǿĻѾһһˡ
ܺãǣ
ͷ˫΢еĵǳ˵ǰ棬ǸһΥ֮ģôݹֱ²飡
ǣ
ܺãɣ
õŵʮ˶ʱԹֱһԵֹ
ǹ
쳯֣һȥ䱾Щ׷Ĵڡ
Ŷʮߵһߣϣǿһʲô˵һ׼Щʲô𣿡
⡭
ʻľڵĶʮ˶ʱ㿴ңģһƬã
ǰʲô֮ǰڱҹӶɻûбѵǻһӳ䵱˺ȥ
ҵȽƾүԸ
һľ˵Ҳ׷׸Ͻ̬
ǵʵ̫һЩ
üһ
࣬ʵȴԶԶһΡ
ʵѾˣ
컺˵齨һӶţȴԹ
ڻԪ½ϣӶһʮֳ壬Ŀ¡
ӶҲС쾭˼֮µľһľǵõϾֻ֮ʵŻԽ죬һ棬һӶ׳ĻҲضܹ𵽺ܶ
ҵȽү֮
ľʱӦүӶŵ֡
аɷ
ȻаɷΪаߣħݣɷߣɷ죡Ҫľܹںڰ֮䣬ӸΣӱǿģ
У
ʮ˺ԥӦŵ
аɷӶűʹȷ
ܺãҲеκְǵųľ˵ǰ棬ųҲһֱģΪʵĻȥսľ
ǣ
⣬ǵʵȷ̫һЩ
ٴἰ˳Ĭ
Ҳػģ
쵭һ֣ʮֽƾճ֣϶£ɵ˶ʮǰ
ǡ
ֽд˺ܶණľ񲻽⡣
ʮȫ
쵭ĵÿһݶΪѡģ

Ļ˶ʱϲѣ
ڻԪ½ϣȽ׿ɷΪ֣켶ߣƼַͣΪס˵켶֮ϻиǿʥ񼶣
ľΪһһ³ĹͣƽֻʹƽмĹˣһһʺ
ŶʮʺԼǰֿɵãǲ
Ҫ֪¾ڱ̲Уܹ˶ضŵӣ
£
۲쵽ÿһ˵ķӦԵͷִӺֶܲεȷĵĲţ
лүҵȱضΪүǣ
볯ȥԼĹϽպã֮֮ǰӹһЩ
ҲֱڣǶķˣ
ʣ˭˻㣬ܹó˶ųǣ
ɣԺ󲻱عˣ
ڰ֣ļ˵ЩȻܲȴʼնЩƣǽֵĺãؼҲǲܵģ
ؼ
˼ض֪˵ʲôˣֻһĵ׷ģضЧ죬ȥҲȻһüͷ
Ƕȥɣ
ڰֵǵӶܲҸǰʱϤ֮ǰݣｫµ㣡
ǣҵȸˣ
ٴγ칪һżĻ뿪
΢΢һЦʮ˺⣬ľѾרľǶʮõ߽׹
Щ캣ڸƳġ
켶⣬ؼʮ֮࣬ϰ֣ƼǾ͸˵ˡ
֮ƶĲرһ㣬ܹĻ˲ΪԪ½һָĸ
ڰ֮ǰݣҲѾ˵ġ
ңѾˡ
Ϊ˸үүڣôҲԸص
ְְ֣֡
ϳ˼֪׹ȥã˼лѡ
ôˣСӣ£Ϊǵա
ְ֣Ҫȥǰְ֮ǰ˵Ĵ𣿡ͷʵ
ǵģ
ͷ
̫ۡأ
ʱ˷ܲѣһûȥأӿԺúõ
ǰ֮󣬾һȥ
ţ
ˣ񽣣ڣҺúõѵһǶʮˣԵĻǵľһЩ
õģү£ģ
񽣵ͷ˵Щ˵ӺܲúѵһҲܹдã
ţ
ûٶ˵ʲô㽫ڻУһ߳ԼģһΪСӲգڿܸɴıžƺôڴڵĺҲ֪ʲôʣ컹ûء
ˡ
Ȼʱа٣


19 ˱пɺ֮
ɣ
΢΢ü˴ųԷǺܲˬġ
űƿ˽ڳ칪˵а٣²鵽һЩ۵飬йأ
Ŷ
⻰ʱվߣȥ˵
ǣ
Աߣʾ£ݹеһֽĵаٲ鿴ǵϣ
ţ
ͷӹֽſ
ʵϲֻ࣬˵һ£ȷйأһжָʹһֱҼ֮λʶɵʹ½͸¶ȥܹʮ֮ʱҵɱ֡
ǣȷһ㡭
ûҵʬ壡
ʲô˼
͵۾һ˵ҡû
⡭
Щԥҧа٣ȻϿȷˣȻʮȥûôܲؼңԡ
ΣֻҪһϣҪҲ飡
ֱӻִϵһҪȷҪʲôæȥ캣󱾲ˣ˵˵ģ
ǣ
ҲӦ
ܺã
ͷ¿ȥȴüͷٴһ壬һ̧۵˵۸¼ɿƣʵ𣿡
ʵһļᶨ
ţ
쵹ҲûлɣϾȻҽЩøǾζоԵİա
ʮӺ콫һȫˣطϸĥ˺ü飬Žֽŷߵϣ΢΢üʳָô桭
ڶ棬һޱȻӣҳ˿š
˵飬ûһϢôһų˼
ûУ
Բѵػصܣ֮£ȫ̽񡭡˹ڲһƵģˡ´󵨲²⣬һеˣӵе֮캣ǿ󣡡
Ȼô˵Ȼĵ
ʱΪ˵ϵ캣󱾲캣󱾲ûдκϢ
캣Ҫǿ
յ̫Ѩ˵Ϊˣ
°²а𷣣Ͻ˵
ˣ
ڰ֣ɣҹע⣡һϢһе֪ͨ٣
ǣ
Ӧŵ˶ٺ󣬼˵ˣ۸ӣкο
ʵ۶壬ӵͬѪǱȣһʱ䵹Ĳ֪δá
ңˣһүڱչأ

ʻԥһ£صа٣ʵ۸ҲܿǴвˣȻ۵ȷҼ֮λΪ죬֪һֱۺ֮Ĺϵ㲻
ƺΪ˵
ӹȻĵŶٵˣӦú۽Ӵٴΰɣ˵ӦҲ˽һЩ
⡭
ɵñ컰ŵһ亹æ˵аµȷЩ飬²ұ¶Լݣֻ֪캣˶ѣҲͨ´̽һЩϢʵ캣ͭ
캣ԼĹȼƶȣΪ׽𣬻ƽ𣬰ͭԼȼÿȼŲͬŻݺϢȨޣ
֮캣ͬʱ̽ԷϢĻһһͭô캣ƶȣ˵ͭϣ෴ͭʲôò
ȻҪΪ캣ĹҪ캣һЩףͨһϵе˲ſԣ
û뵽ǣ۾Ȼͭ
Ŷ
Ȼ죬ȴûбֳһʾ˵ȥ
а٣ģ
񶢵﷢ţæصǰ۾ȫ֮캣˼ϢʱʮˣʶϱΪͭ
ԭˣ
ͷΪ֮ͭϢ
һֻΣ
˵һΣǰѯʹڱػλã˵Ϊүӣ
ڶΣǰѯʵǹڱ̲ͽһ¶⻹л˵ľλã
ûģ첻÷ʵ
ûˣ
˵α̲֮Ըϵģû뵽Ȼܹ˼
ĻҲ֪Ǻ˼ҽӿڣֻǾš
Ȼȴİ΢΢ȴаȲѣļš
ˣûˣ
һŰֵ°ɣŶˣҲ֪ұˣȷģ㲻ùܣ
ǣ
뿪ˣԱϵֽ˳˼
˵۵ȷǱƵģɷϢй¶ȥҲȻ֪׼ȷλöԷ֪ʮ֮á
¼Ϊ˿ӣɸǸ¶ҲЩ
Ȼ֮˱пɺ֮֮λ˼ôܻᱻã飿
ɱ
üͷƢҹѾˣСǱߣбչصүүǱߣָô˵
Ͼ۶ĻıûжּӺһԥڣ
ˣȲˣ
յİҡҡͷ߻ص£ճ˵ƺҲܵƣǹɵûС˺һЩι
ֹȥ˰ʱңǳˡ
һӳԵøɸɾûһһʳﶼĶӣ治֪СӵôģôණӶûʹһ㡣
ְ֡
ģϴɾֺ컳У۾˵ǰ֮ȥݳ𣿡
ţ
ͷôھȥǲأְ߻ҪĻ˵ῴ̫үүأ
̫үү
Դ̫үүʲô˼
Ǻǣǰְֵүү
ЦСоޱȵܰ
үȥѵЩСӣ
񽣺˾ƺһھƣȥ쵱˵ֶ΢һЩǱϾ̫ˣ
ٺ١үİɣ֪
ſһ˷ܵĦ˫뿪Цá
񽣵ѵ캣ڱѼڵЩɱֶЩܲסľ˿¾Ҫˡ
Ȼνĥ³÷ԿຮֻҪľֵܹȥôԼĹǱضάкܴջ
ߣǳȥ䣡
̫ۡˣ
Ļ˷ֱܵ㼱ҴҵȥõС顭


20 
ְ֣Ư𣿡
̵ڣһͷϱȻţͷվǰгڴ
ƯЦŵͷ
ء
ĲѣϵŸַбʻÿһҪרܵǰѯʣǿɰĶõڵ˶׷Цݵǡ
գһ£еĶʼǮȫõϰϵЦݾͼûͣϵչʾŸСƷǿˣްСŮģֻҪеģͶȻᷴԡ
С˵ܹһʮƷѾǺܲˡ
ĻЦУ·꣬ε꣬תһ飬ȻҲ˺ܶĶȻôСȴŮ˰ԣΪЦá
ְ֣
˴ŰʱңȻǰһҽΪƧĵڣСִߴٲѣ߽ȥ֮ʱȴжһʮֹŹֵ
˵ŹΪֻһĺӣнӹϸӸ֪ʲôƣԿʮֹӵĻƣҪһ㣬ӾȻ򲻿ûһ㿪ļ󡭡
ʲô첻ʵ
Ҳ֪
ҡԴСĵְ֣òã
ֻҪҵĹŮϲʲôԣ
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21 ү
ϤԽЩѳֲס
˲үүǴʱһֱүߵϣ
ȻһֱԾӣ֮˵Уȴûһ˸ӣ¾ĸĸ۶Ҫһ塣֮УϵĵλܸߣҲΨһһܹүԺˣ
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Ϊǰʱұ۳û˲ұĲҵҵԽ
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үЦ˵ŷ׷ڴ֮ǰλϣʮڵΪүƣȫһԶӵɡ


22 үӵĹ
ףƣǶӲŪģζܲ
ڲѣȻүȴǰڰ֣ǻҪһˣ
ˣ
㶣漴һĶͷĵˣأ
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23 ֱԼ
˭Ҳû뵽龹Ȼᷢչӡ
һֱƹҵһУȻүûб̬ΪѾ۵˼Ĳѡǰһ¶۵ĵλԽ̡
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ʱת۱ҹ֮˷׷ɢȥʱһһʾ⣬ȻûаκμӣЦݵԽЩߡ
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鷿ڣүҡϣжŲ豭Цеĳʵ

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죬ʦãǾԲŹģ
ƾҲ䣿
ģкɢȥһ»ýӰòչֶǱʦ֣л


24 ֮˵
̫үү
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ˣɢ˰ɣ
ڰ֣үһ٣ȴֵˣǰүסԺⰲżỤ̊
İɣүҽϾͷԸȥˣԱЦ
ǾͺãǾͺã
Ҵү»ع飬ҴһŮϢò˶þͻᴫ
ʱסԺУŽ񽣽һ飬ҲܹĳүϹ
ˣүү̲λأˣʵ
ţ߲ã
ү̾ԭҪ̲ģȴ޹֪̲Ǳ߻᲻ʲô뷨
ڣ
ڱҡͷһԱ̲κӰ죡ߣл˶ı֪زڻΪ˶ǽߣҲһǣ
ǺǣˣȲ˵ˣ鶼Ѿˣ
үӰڰ֣һˮݵк󣬿ɴлĿɰģɵЦݵĵˣҹ˵ʱȥѧԺڼʲô㣿
үү׼Ҫȥݳǣ
˼һ£˵ЩҪ죡ȰˣҾ͸òǰѧԺˣ
Ԫ½ûе۹ֻ֮֡
ܹΪԶλ˵ֱΪݣϷݣݣݣԼڴ½мλãΪʵǿвԪݣ
Ԫ֮⣬ķиĳǳأǲݳǣݳǣݳԼݳǣ
ÿǳضгݴϹʱڱһֱң粢ݱ˵ǳҵ¡
Ҽ⣬ʵԪڣ˵ľ֣
ңǲڵ֮ݳǣǳҵĸݵڣ
˵ĻһٸҶ޷ȣǱ̲ڳҿҲԲûκοɱԣ
˵Ҫȥݳǣүӵһ뷨ǳҵǿ
ݳݵģ
үӳʵǿȥһ¶ҪСģмҪȫΪأ
үүģף
ͷӦֻǰʦķԸǰȥݷüλǰˣµģ
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ˣүүһ뷨
ԥŵҵȷչԣȴȱݣ
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˵Ĳ
үӿɬһЦصϾҴģ۵̸޷ЩȣҺǰƴֵģôôĹ
ǰү
ҲԱε̾ȷǵȱݣҲû취˵ؼˣܹõģ
ĬĬĵͷڶ㣬ûרʦ
һʦζһ֣ңΪҪΪʦԣ˵ˣ¾Ǳ̲ʦҲԲ
ʦԼʦƷһǷܹѸٷչҪ֮һ
ĻүӺֳĬ
㵽˵ʲôүüʵ
ʦǱߣҵȷû취
ЦЦصڹȴи뷨үүһ£
Ŷ˵˵
Ҫһȡ׳־֮⣡
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ž
˻һֻүӸոնĲ豭Ȼڵˤ÷飬𾪵Ĵվŵĵ˵ʲôôô๦ؼʮݣôܣ
ԱߣҲɴ˫ۣΨпûκα飬ԹԵĿˮģܺóء

֪˷ӦҲԾ΢һºһָУүүҸղ˵ĸֹĸүүҲѡʵĵؼ
ôġ
˵ԥһ£˵ʵҴʦǱҪģֻǸѣΪ켶ɸƣԾû
˼˵ʦǱ߻켶үӱסˡ
Ҫ֪һ켶½׵ĹԪ½һңƺʦǱ켶ֹһ֣βү𾪣
ȿȡ
˼үүôԾģ
ðɺðɣҲԾҲԾҲԾŹ֣
үûĵСӣ㵹ԽԽˣ
Ǻǡôʼնүүӣô
Цѣү΢ƽһЩ
ˣүүڸղ˵飿ʵ
ȻҪ
үӺԥĵǹϵҵĴ£ʲôﰡȥѡֵε˰죬ԼҲҪԼලԲй¶Ϣȥ⣬Ҳúúô˵ǣܲܽ¶˳ȥǣ
үףϢһй¶ضҴ֣֮
˵ؼ͵¶ԻۺˣûԱ֮֮ǰ⽫ܣ
İүף
Ҳصͷүô꣬ô᲻ôǳĵ
үүҪл㰡
³һүɫӵĳ˵Ȼүү֪㵽ھʲôȴף㲻һֱССң㰲ĵȥ洳Һүүտ£
仰ҲζΪӳ
ò˵˴֮˵Ҳһ֮ջ񡭡
үүģôʼնҵˣүүӣ
صͷ漴˼һЩ񣬴һֱʱ֣ŴԺ뿪˵϶ŨŨЦݣɢʱӵе
׳־
ŶϵľɵЦݣԺбŹɵǿգ΢΢ճһĨߡ
ڴڴ׳һ죡
ʱңضĿ


25 
ʽ뿪ң̤ǰݳǵĵ·
Ԫ½ܴ󣬶ȻڲݳǶֱ߾Ļȫ·ҲҪʱ䣡
һжʮ˻УҲ̫żСӻıţ·ȫ֪ƣһ㣬һ·Ц
ľȶʮˣΪṩټϿʱĲħʽѵǵʵ˲ľѾ뵽龳أȳ龳磡
ʱ·ϣıǰ濪·࣬ľ΢һЩĶʮˣķԸɢɢķֳɼֻҪӣô߶У
ȻôҲΪ˱̫Ĺע
ܲǹѾõԲĽ
ˣ֮ǰҲרȥһ۱ӣﱻƳΪˣȻԵҲ˶೤ʱˣ
ҲǸǸ֪ĸѩޣ
ǣЩεǣүүʼĸ֮µʱүүһֱ˶ûӦʵļˣүŸ˵ˣܹڶʮ֮ǰԪеһүӲŻ˵үԸܳڵ¡
ʮԪ
ġаһֱ۷壬Ҳ൱ڣԪȻֻһԪȴǵ蹵Ĳ
Ҫ֪ԪЩˣԪǰͻڣ¶ҪĹ
ʱ䣬Ҫ뵽Ԫô
һʮ죬ûжİգ
ΣһҪŬŬŬ
ӵСаңҪѸһЩң캣֧֣ҾͲҲܳɹ
ô࣬һҪ֪ĸ׵飡үүĿĸײδӦñĳ˵Щԭܺһ𣡵ǲ˭Ҳ赲ң
ɫԽᶨ˵һ̺Ƶõĳ·֮ǰͬˡ

үǰˣ
ָǰ׿һС˵
ţ
ͷʾˣֵǽҹϢ˼·ʱúõϢϢ
һ˽ΪǷģҲû̫˵Ĺע
ķԸľȶʮ˷ֱ벻ͬõϢǣһͬ뵽һõꡣ
÷󣬱Ըڻ׼ˮϴ裬ȻҲһӵķˣϴ֮ԵĲֺ
ְ֣Ǹóҿ
У컳УС˳
ӣ
㶣漴Ȼó򵽵ǸŹֺӣ˵
ţ
ٵĵԴùȥ㷭ȥĿţջƲְ֣Ӻأ򲻿
ǰ
ͷְ֣߰Ϊʲôо˵Ӷã
Ҳ֪أ
ͷһصǸоֵأְ֣㿴ЩƣǲǺ֣
ơ
첻ֹһοøүӺҲˣԶϵ֪ʲô͸֪ˣ
ͬʱҲ˺ַܶǻˮͣԪߵѪ޷򿪣
һ۲ŮҲټ⣬½ĺӷ봢ָǱܿ硣
Ͼ⼸ı·ȻҹϢȴϢĸã˯ҲΪǰյ΢һ¡
ڶϣǳ緹й֮ʱһӰӺ˹⧲㱻ײ켰ʱӳУԼȴǵӰײһ¡
û°ɣ
ûµأллְ֣࣡
ɵЦţָǸӰְ֡Ǹղ͵ǮǮ
Ǻǡ֪
ЦŵͷһʧеӰ΢΢ĵǷŸ·ͺúõô
ŶŶҲҪһŶС֣˵
Ȼ
ͷʾһ£Ŀ첽ǰȥǣУʱʱĻͣһЩССϵЦݾûʧ
һʱôȥʱһߣľҪʼ
ððְ֡
Сӳſ˫ۣҲС̱˹ΣŽ䱧ڻУʵȺǰУʱѾ߳򣬴ʮӺ󣬱λ￪һСڡ
ְ֣ǸС͵𣿡컳УͷǰʮưܵĴӣɵСüͷŶС͵ôأ
Ǻǡǹȥ֪ˣ
Ҳû˵ʲôտµıǻУʱ˴ڲһʮƾɵԺ⡭
˵ôô˰
׷˱СôͲۣǽһǮ㣿
ι˵òưͰɣ
˵ưͣͷҰɣ´βȥǵ˻𣿡
һŮΪֻ࣬Ǵ˿ȴԵúǲޡ
С͵㣬Ư
ʱ챧˽ȥڿǺŮ֮ʱ춼ЩޣֱӴ˵
С͵㣿
ĸ֣ǺŮӲɵСѾͷ˵˭С͵أֻǽ裬òã
С͵㣬ôô˵أ
컳һԾ£˾СĵνȡΪС͵㣡
ѽѽСˣ
ŮһǰཱུСµСѾͷƬӣôƯС͵𣿡
С͵㣬ſҡſѽ
ϵҪǰֹȴǱȤ
Ϊƽ֮⣬¿񽣶ôСضŭǰŮӾȻֻϺУŮӲûбϿȥô򵥡
ߺߣ׼ٽС͵㣬û
ŮӲûзſҧгݰļţȴûǹ׶̬۾ЦۡСѾͷƬӣҪһȥýú棬𣿡
ѽҲҪְ־С͵Ҫ
ţǺŮȴһ㶣ָ첻ŵĵСѾͷƬӣ˵ְ֣ôܣűȽһСôְ֣ѵʮʱ㣿ѽ̫ţˣ

ͷߡ
ںŮ⧲£ħѳɿܻصߣĴȣǺŮĵС͵㻵ˣû裬ֻаְ֣ߺߣҲˣ


26 
СѾͷƬӡ
ŮҪǰȴǺıס
ιӣ㵲ʲô
ŮצţɿȴһԲһ˫ƵĶһͷҰް㡣
ߺߡС͵㣬ҸŶǺأ
ĴȣŮŹúŮӸӲޣڿ񽣵£ȴǲ˿
СѾͷƬӣýץ㣬ȻĻһҪݺݵСߺߣ
ѽѽץңץң
СѾͷƬӣ㡭
Ůϵ໥ۣΪЦá
ȴ֣ŮƺţȻư裬ʵȴûʲô⣬ǲ¶һ龫壬ҲǺ֮Ѱ˸ӵУ
ʴˣԺŮӵݲһ˿棡
񽣣ÿɣ
ʾ񽣺ˣǣСֳŮȥĵλС㣬ȱһǮƴֱ˵㲻е㲻ô
ҵݣ
Ůӽתţ֪ĵСܵܣʲô˼ҿɲף
Сܵܡ
һ⻰ɵͷߡ
ȻŵȷһЩӦúɣ
СܵܣôԽ˹밡
ðɣȻС֪Ҳˣ
ʼ磬ĵֻҪС㽫衯ҵЩƱҿԵʲô붼ûô
ƱʲôƱۣҿɲ֪أ
ŮҡԴһ˫۾ȴĹĵţӵӹŻӼֱûĺһ㡣
ֻԼԶˣ
ҡҡͷ漴Ȼ˸գ۱㳯Ůץȥ
Ҫʲô񰡣
ŮһֻǰӰɣɲǼ»صԭأǣֻжԭЩƱӦҡ
񽣣ߣ
ûشзĺŮӣкͿһ㳯ȥ
ҵǮ
ŮʱŷӦɵüгǿٳ׷˹ȥҵǮң
Ǯ
һۺŮӣЦҵİɣ
ҲܣҵģŮģȫûеС͵ץеģƤĵûд֣
дֱ֣ӷʵ
ҡ
Ůһͣ˶ССӣôôСӾ֪ȱǮ͸ҲСģ
Ǯ
쵹ǿЦãƽ㹻һʳǵܾãоȻֻǮ
쵹ע⵽ŮӲûʲô⣬ֻɢŽӰĲԹâ
С͵㣬ʲô
ͷŮƲѵ裿ɲأҪһС͵裡ߺߣ
СѾͷƬӣ˵ʲôأ
ŮӶʱָԼıӵ㿴С㳤ûòôϲǸСİְ֣ߣҸ㣬СѾͷƬӣȫ˶ˣСҲԾԲģ
СҪȫ˶ˣҰְֻܿ㣿
ƲСֱӻһ䣬ʱЦã񽣶¶Ц⡣
ѽѽˣСˣ
Ůӽű㳯ץȥܿ쳯һԱĿŮӵ˫֣Цѣץңץң
СѾͷƬӣ㲻׼ܣ
˭˭Ǳ
Ҳץ㣡
ץץ
һһСŮϵܶţޱŴ񽣵жܣǺŮȫû취
СѾͷƬӣ㡭ˣ
һŮЩջͣڴͬʱؿڴһС
ץŶ
ҲоܵЩˣֱ컳УŮ죬Цͣ
㡭ߣ
Ůĵһۣ΢һЩǾôߣĿתƵϡ
СӣҵǮң
ˣôôƤۣǿǽҵǮ
ѽСܵܣҲȱǮͰЩǮˣΪ£
СܵܣСܵܣʹӦ
ŮੲݵǼǧֻѼһȻȴһδǰȥʱȻ½뵽ϡ
һֱصסõ꣬Ůû뿪˼ҲûйֱӷԸϲˣŮƺҲЩˣûͬԹԵĴڴڳţȫûһŮ緶
С͵㣬ҰְֻûأֹСߵߺŶ
СǸ֣һٲԶûţ
ŮƲƲ죬СѾͷƬӣ㻹СʲôҸۣһҪľɺͳԶĶǸƣ
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ŮӻкͿ񽣣Ūü˿Цã˫ĿһҪ֣ȴǱֹס
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㣬ҵˣ
ŰʱңȻſ߽һˣŶʮңĿüһһȣмֱ̬֮ߵŮߣЦõĵ㣬蹻˰ɣһȥɣ
ѽôҵҵģ
ֻ˳ԺȵĺŮһæֻһ˲һؿڼţĵСӣôǸƨһۣ

ŪÿЦãʱҲһȣյĻᣬգŴ۾ȥһĽ˵磬Ư
ۡ
ƯСӣĺƯ
ŮĶһ˳Ǽʱӳ˶Ҫˡ
СãɲƯŶ
Σ˧ÿǲƯ
ΪʲôأͷһҺܲ׵˼
СѾͷƬӣΪƯʣֻŮˣŮ
ңκŮӲûһֱһº󣬱㳯˰ڰֵСӣɣ˵ˣû湻ǾԲȥģϵˣȻĻԶȥߺߣ
㣬ô
漴Ŀ⿴죬ɵһ£ؾ㣬òҽ˰ɣ
ã
ȺŮӻش˱㳯֣С֪մΪչҽ㣬϶˲ٿͷɣʵɣҽʲôã̫̰һЩ°
Сӣ˵ʲô
ŮһݺݵļͷϣݺݵĵҪٸҺ˵СĽʰ㣡


27 벢ݳ
㡭ҴˣҲҺ˵ˣ
򡭡ҽҪɱˣ
㣬ҴˣҴأҴĺʯãҴɽѣһΰɣ
ϵĶţǺŮȴ׷ɱԷĿ˲࣬Ҳû̫ű˵⡣
ס򵥰
ԭЦãû뵽ԼȻᱻ򣬵ܿȴע⵽λɵȤûĻƷ׿²Ͻףؼ
һʱ䣬ԽܵݲŨŨĺ档
񽣴ʱҲƺһ㣬Ȼڼžƣȴʱֵ׼
Ưܿѽ
ߣұߣѽˣ
С͵㣬㣬Ưұȥˣѽñأģ
С֣ȫ֪վһߣǱŮץסݺݵ˺ü£ſɥŮŶ߻ص¡
Ư磬ñأ
չȥһıӡ

ЦãáȻһСŮˣƫƫСŮ˿ɰ˸޷
ˣ֣
콫ץߣǸĵλֵܣŮǹģ벻Ҫ֣
Ů
ˣŵĿתһһֳصλϴԴȵĺŮӵ㣬㾹ȻͽӶˣ
أ
һóʹѡ
Сӣ
Ůӵɴ˫ۣŭ㿴ӵ𣿡
ðɺðɣû˵û˵
߾˫֣ҡͷһҲ˵ӡ
֣ҲӦûԷɣһΣЦŵ

æҡͷЦ򡭡Ŷ˼ڻ֪λ̨մ
ԭнţںŮǻȭͷ£ܿ˿ڡ
ҽ죬ҵŮλҵֵܿ񽣣Ц
ԭ磡
ĸԼһƣСܾһлҽչˣ
Сӣٺ˵
Ůӵ۳ҽʶǣߺߣ˭չ˽ˣ
ʲôʶģ
ˣӡУȻԼĽһ򣬵ȴҲԲܺʶһͬԷ˵ûκİˡ
ȷǽʶģһȤЦŵͷ
ŶȤ
˹ȥٺ١磬˵˵
ұ죡
׼ش֮ʱŮٴСӣҪȾƾͺȣҷϻ

ðɣջû˵ʲôһ±һ
磬֪׼ҪȥĶһϤ˲٣ʵ
׼ȥݳǰݷüλص
ݳǣ̫ˣ
һĴȵĵǵļҲڲݳڣ粻Ļͬ·УΣ
ʲôһû˵ҪȥأŮƲ죬ܲ
㡭
⻰ʱֿɥһȥɣ㶼üˣүүϵżúܰҳʱѾҲܽȥһȥ֮Ҫؽհ㣬ҵĺý㣬ѵұôĥ𣿡
С㱻ĥֲǽңŮûûε˵
㡭˻ɣ
ЦѣͲû¹ˡ
ѽ
ŮƲƲ죬ðɺðɣȥһߣ

Σֵˡ
ѾԼǴѪҲҪ̰Ķһȥû뵽ξȻôס
òǡ
²⣬һۣ¶һĨЦݡ
Ҳûٶ˵ʲôֻǿеġС͵㡯롮Ư硯ĳƺܿЦãǺŮӺüζצв⡮С͵㡯ĳƺȴʼûиı䡣

ݳǣԪ½ݵģ䷶ΧޱȹͼͨĲӳǶߵ㻨ʱ䣬˵ѾһǳأȫܹƵһСʹ½ˡ
ڲݳУȻǳݵ֮
һԶٳִ벢ݳǶŻ֮ʱͣ˽ӳ¡
һֲĵĹ涨Ϊ˱ʾԳҵ𾴣űҪУ֮ھܳκȻҲ͸ٳ򶷣
˫ʲôԹͨ򶷣ĻҲԣǣǾֻڳķ̨һϸ£ҲǳԶµĹأû˸Υ棡
벢ݳǣִó˴첻ɵָɽֹ֮У񶼲֪ĺŮӣϰһУȫûһĸо
磬ҺͶҪؼˣ
˵û£ȥǼͣүӺϵǶڣ
Ǻǣп˵ɣ
ܵҪȥҰݷãʵڲóõȣ
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ҲûǿЦŵּҾڳǶһ¾֪ˣ
õģ
ȸˣ
ţԺټ
˷ֵ𣬶ͺŮûԶǺŮȴ˻۵СˣסˣҲҰƤ

ʱŮȴԹԵһצУܵһЦߣһóСӣЦʲôЦϽߣ
ޣ
æԴ磬סҪҶȾˣ
СӣҴ򣡡
ѽ
ٴųԶȥǿЦá
߰ɣ
εҡҡͷ˵ʵڵģֵһ¶ЦݣŴͿ񽣣һȥ

ְ֣ôŶ
ĴϣǲȺΪ˵˵콫Сӱ˻УĴܣǻŹģ
ְ֣ҪȥĶš
֪ˣ
ЦЦʵҲǳݳǣʦͷӵķԸУַͷӸġ
Ŷ
ɵӦһ漴úĴ۾ȥһ·ΪĿɰҲ·˷׷ײĿȻʱһӰС
£ݿ񻣬ȺҲһС

첻ɵÿЦһ£ŮӾ֮ǰұƵλǰʱ컹˱˵Լȥǡ
ʱǣǰŮӶ泯Ϊ̫ԵʾǶ޿ɶ㣡
취֮ʱȴ۾һֱӳǰֵ㣬㡭
ԶðŮӲɵһ£ȥǺԵļӿ˽Ų
ڼֱƵ˼㣬Ȼ㲻ˣֱ棬ǰҲûòǣǰʱ춼ҪڲرĿŲôױְɣ


28 
ȹŮӴŮ˹Ҫǣ߻һˣŶʮңһɫװһһ֪Ȼָ˼ҳ
Сã㰡
ȹŮߵǰǵĳЦô
ҸŰְֺͽģ
ָָͿ񽣣ͷЦ㣬Ը𣿡
СѾͷ˵
ʱЦãôôãСӻһֳϵľôֱ˵˳
৵һ£ֻԼһݵĿⶢסĿǸڰȹŮߵǸˡ
Сãɲ˵Ŷ
ȹŮһЦһûأ
ǲô
컳һԾ£ǵǰȹŮӵ֣Ҳû裬ҸҰְ裬Ϲ
Сӣ˵ʲôأ
켱æߣǸ˼λС㣡С£ʲôĵطԭ£
ܿɰأ
ȹŮɨһݣ¶ʧԴһεĺǺ󣬰ȹŮһֱø;Ѱᱡӵݣȴʼպ
ȻݲԣұƵ֮ʱ䱳ӰȴһģһðȹŮʧһ䡮ӣ𡯣Ȼʱȴûһ㼱ææ뿪ˣȴû뵽Ȼڲݳ
ѵϣôɵ¶
С㣬£
װĺţȫûеǿǰȹŮ֮ʱְԵչֳϢҲڲʶðȹŮԽɻ
С㣬С㡭
ߣŮҲϵỽţðȹŮӺܿع˰𪽿۵С֣΢ЦСŮΪСŮһòѣЩʧˣ
Сˣ
һձ㵱ɿǷܹСѳƣµң
ӵǻ˵أ
ȹŮһЦСŮѣ֪մɷ֪
ǺǣСˣ죬һֵһᣡЦŵ
ԭӣ
һĨЦݣԵǺηʿ
Ǻǣ򣬵ұ֮ǰҼСһ棡
ţ
ף׼˵ʲôʱһֱһߵĽǰһüѶ㣬ڻڵǣЩʲô˵ģǧóõ˲ǣ
˵ĻһĨ벻ȴǱŴҹķȣӦ֪
ӣﻹ飬Ͳܺӳ̸ˣԵ´ټ֮ʱҶҪһ֮꣡Ǹ
ȻС£Ǿ;ȥɣ
켱æ࿪·һʯͷǷ˲٣Զļˣɵóһ
ڵģΨ˵ԽԽ࣬ټ֮ѵ۾ЩܿƵģÿ˵ҪȺúõãֱȺͱ˴һܻҪö࣡
ְ֣Ϊʲô㲻Ҫ㵱裿
ǲ죬Цã˵㵽ΪֹһŮ˾Ҫϰţܿô˵ˣһҪĸҹô죿
Ųأ
ƲƲ죬˫ֱĸ첲ǵĵϲְˣԺˣ͸ְֵţĻͰְ־ͿԶֿأ
Сӣ˵
챻һЦá
˼Ҳûк˵أ
ִҡҡͷְĻ˾ͼ޸ְ֣
˺ˣҵСڣҵĹŮ˵Եˣ
о˫ĿԼϣ·Լ޶åƵģ㲻䣬æкһ񽣱ǰ첽ȥ

վסʲôˣ
ͷĵַƣ˽һʱʱ䣬ĿĵڣżҵһҪݷõĳǶżҵĶŴүӣ
λ̨
콫񽣱סߵ֮ǰֵ죬ʦݷöүӣλͨһ
ʲôݷҼ̫ү
֮һɻĿ죬һ˺ǲмĵСӣҲҸҪɰɣ̫үʲô˵ܼģ
̨ģ
쵹Ҳŭ΢Ц벻ǣ̨ȥͨһ͵ˣߣ˾վǼٵģѵܹܵ𣿡
˵õҲ
һ£˵ǺãţȽȥ̫ͨү
õĺõģ鷳̨ˣͷĺһЩ
һĶǣҲְ𣬲ûѰŵʢˡ
Сֵ𣿡
ϷСֵ𣿡
Сֵ㰡棬ϸһΪˣСֵˣҪٲĻϷҶҪȥˣ
ʱڴһŲһü뻨׵߿첽˵ųģԭ˵ӵڵϡ
˭Ȼܹ̫үԳӭ
Сֵܣ
찡ҺûȻĻеˡ
ˣǶŸ̫үŴһӵŵԪʵǿߣ
ϣ
΢΢ǷȴǴӿǱ˹ڼĿĿ£СקŶүӵº룬ЦүүŶ
СڣҵСڣקˣҿ㰡϶ôקҵĺӰɣүӿЦãݺ˼ڣģ±֮ŮҪϼ֡
ҾҪҪ
ŤС壬үү˼Ҿϲĺӣ
ããǽȥţСѾͷק˰ɣϵܣ񽣣ǽȥɣү˵
ã룡
ͷŶүӱ㳯Ÿȥصͷһֱ븮һ󱳺ˮʪ
ɣڶүǰ˵Ǽ仵ǲö
ˣǸСŮޣԲǰ
оޱȼᶨ뷨
ϵܣϸҾõȰ
ڻڣүԽ찴λ£˼ԼһλЩ˲ˮĶŸŮǴ𾪣һҲҶ˵ʶ࿴ܿ㹧ȥ
һʮСӣ͸Լ̫үƽƽүҲš
һСŮȻԼ̫үĺ룬Լ̫үҪЦԣǼӶ顭
˵Цˣ
ЦŻصԴϴͷһǲ˵һ֮ټҼǵãŹȥʮ°ɣ
ٺ١ϸļˣв
үûһۣ˵ǰ˵ˣϵҴöģϸⲻЩȲ𣿡
ҵȷǴˣһö⣡
ͣڶүڴУЦҵ˵ϸкܶƣǲǸùһϿɲҰװ׵һ˰ɣ
˵ֻҪϵԸ⣬Ҽľȫ궼û⣡
үؿڣ󷽵úܣȴüΪŹ֣Ʋ˰ɣϲһСôô󷽣ҹĿ࿴


29 
ˣϾƣ
Ŷүӵһ仰ʱ˶ϼƣֲͬɫľƿʢװţǿ֪Ȼס
Ѫѩ
Ŀһϣ㻹Ĺ󷽵İ־ƣõİɣ
ǵȻ
үź룬ɽǺٴУöүӿЦãҪϵǶӺӣҲҵ־ƣ
ǿҵң
ЦЦӹľƱѪĳѪһʱֻհĸоȫ˵ĳ죡
þƣȻþƣ
޵ֲͷһֱ߶أ
ϵܣҵİѩͳѪȫͬĿζϵҲһϲ
үѿЦʲô񽣣ҲҪҼǵãҲϲȾưɣ
ǲϲֱǾƳһ
ٺһЦ񽣣һ𣡡
֮⣬ŴүӣԼ˱ھƷƣҲжŸרΪ׼˼ȣϾүҲ֪СϲʳǼˣÿٷ޼Ȳ
ŵŵš
֮ʱ⴫һ󼱴ٵĽŲһԼĪʮ˿첽룬ľưףʲôӣȻúЩ
˻һװ·лϾԡ
ǶŴүӵĶӣ֣
֣Ϲզɶأ
үԭƣȴֱֵӴƣǲĵҲпˣ
ף⼸λǡ
ڣĿЩܹͶүƽƽ죬ֶڶүһߣһֿżȣһק˼Һӵϣɵô㵲ѡ
үӣڶż˵һȨֻûʲôܹ˵ĶԴԼף˼Ҳûκ֮¡
ϵܰһ£
үӳ֣ϸҲĶӣж֣
үӵһЩöֶʱĵ𺧲ѡ
ᣬȻܹԼƽ۽Ҫ֪Լһֱһˣƽһ˵ƽ۽ˣܹ˼ҷ۵Ķû
֣ɻǵΪǰʱ˵λǰŶЩŵɫүӲɵߵ
ǵãǵã
ֽͷүӼָϵλǰͽܣ
ʲô
Ӳľ뵽Ҫô͵ˣȥƺһСΪ壬ͲЩΡ
죬ǰ
Ҳ׶룬΢΢һЦһ
Ҳң
ּæСС塭
𡭡
켱æϽһϵǿңǰ⣡Ǹİɣ
ϵܣ㡭
үЩˣȴҡҡͷϣͰ˵İɣ˵ˣֻһѣԺۣϾͰҵһءжǰΪһ壬ҸˣΣ
ðɣ
ү֪һ˵һֻܿЦŵͷʣǶżҸʲǰְˣԺϵܣŶǶŸĹͣʲôʲôʱ߾ߣκ˲
ǣףסˣ
صͷţүԽͿ񽣽һ飬Ŀɰöһ۱ϲˣֱ䵱׹ŮһĶԴ
ϡ
ڽѪѩԼƶ֮棬ʹһɫ
ĵͷ֣ȥԸһûҵķԸκ˲׼Ҳˣ
ã
ֳȥԸһܿ˻
ʱŴĴָóһʱöүɫϲ
ϣͷԸģ
콫֮ｻүУЦŵӵϳħ֮ܣͷ˵ˣǶ֮ʱڵﴦһʱ䣬ϱܹ˳ͻƣȻͷǱҲֻ飬ϺͶΪܲǣ
񡭡
ֻúɬɵ˿ĭ
ȻѾһͣĻ쳣ļ
ôһ֮ͷѪ쾹ȻôֱӸԼЩܳţ
ģ¾Ǽ֪
үؿڵҾӶ˵
ţŶģ
Цŵͷͷ˵ˣһܹ֮ͻƵĻͻ֮ȥʲô飬ҾͲö֪ˣ
ã
үͬʲô汦һ㣬ޱȡ
ˣϣ塭
վЦŵһЩҪ죬Ͳˣ
òһˣβסգүӼæ
˲ˣĻ飡ܵһҪһʱ䣬˵ұٴ־ƺˣϲҪҾ֮ǰǺǡ
˭ҲҲȣ
үӶʱһۣ󳯶ֵ֣һϽƣ
Ŷõģף
ֳһǺܿĵͷӦ
ϽƣǶŸ˲ӵеĶӵϽߣԵŸеԴΪ޳ݶźܴãҶҪٸӣ

˵Ů㻹ûԹ
뿪żңڿżȣЦá
治֪СôôϲԼȣҲôԶ᳤֣⼸Сӻûһ㳤ʼնӣ첻Ľ
ءóԣóԡϲأ
СԹԵĿżȣȫȻûһͣڵ˼
ðɣ԰ɣҲ㣡
ʼ磬ʱһĿҲ첻Ǳȥ
ĿˣȻ֮ǰ֮ʱվߵǸɫ·ӡ
ΪŴֵԵʣδע⵽ǵ·ɫ·ӵĿȴʮֵĲơ
ߵһŶʮĿ꣬ԭ˵ʲôȴڽɫ·Ӹ˵֮󣬲¶ۼɨһ죬ٵһĨ
β֮еȤ
΢΢һ̣ûйĹעʵ񽣣ľӦѾ˰ɣ
񽣺ܿػصʱ㣬Ӧ쵽
ȥһ£ȻֱӴǰȥӶᣡ˵
õģ֪ˣ
ӦֱȥаɷӶţ
ţ
˵ţ֪ѾⲢݶǵһƵ꣬ߴ¥ռغܹ㣬˵ǲݳһľƵˡ
¥
Ҳ¥
ֻǣ֮ϵĸӷӵ˶Ŀ
ߣȥǾסˣ
һӣͿУʱлЦӭλ͹٣λס껹ǳԷ
׼һõԺӣ쵭ĵ


30 
ʱס¥֮ʱһ¥żеķҲˡ
ѴŮ뿪ıӰǿĿüΪɭ
ǿ֮ǰڴ߹Ǹ꣬ǳֱϵѪڳһе˳Ʒ١
վڳǿߵǸɫӣΪҲݷõĶү֮ǶżҵΨһѪ
żȻǿ֮һҪһЩһֱڳǿңСһ𳤴ѡ
ǿϲѣǲݳڼ˲֪飬ȴƫƫ룬ƽǿ룬֮ܣÿÿǿļֻ˶ƺֻǽǿһѣˣ
ǿ磬ô죿
ղǸˣҺ˵죡һСӰˣҪҪȥѵһ٣
ѶӾǶСӹĿ࿴˵Цǿüʵ
ǵģ
ͷóǿĿԽơ
ֱϵһŮϴ磬ƣǿ
СǿһֱΪܵ簮Ҳ˿Դİټ֮ڶڿԳƵ֮ҲԽóǿԼһȣԶʱҲõָʹ
ѣŮһĪǿ˵Ŀ࿴˵ЦԳǿĸ᲻ŭ
Сȥҵһ˵
ǿɫ˵ҵ뿴СӳʲôıӵȻҺԣ
õģǿ磡
ͷ˵Ҳûٶ˵ʲô㻺뿪ˡ

ڲݶڣֱۡΪŸָ
ȻȲݳڵĳңȴŲ׵ʵʵڲУҶԸȥǡ
ѣּҵĴС㡣
С㣬ˣ
صָһŮĿ˵
Ŷұˣ
΢΢һ㶣ڴǱ΢紵ĺ棬÷㵹˵˵ôˣ
ŮҲ÷һȲЦԴǸӣСʲôƵģղźͳӣŹӳԷʱ򣬺üʧأ
ô
ǽСĦһգư㷢ڼϣȴһ̾ɣǲأ
˭˭ѽС㣿÷ʵ
죡
һŮ߳÷ǴС飡
ˣѩҲҪ÷
Ѱ˰С֣ɣǺú˵˵
ţ
ѶԴѩ÷ŮãֻҪûڵʱദöʮɣʶѵĻֻӦһߡ
˵ɺϵʲô
ת۲ת˵Ķˣ·𿴵һģӰվڴǰȴץ֮ס
ʱƽʱֱȣƱһƵġ
ɺϵģ
ѩ÷һۣ֪λش
ðɣҲΪˣ
ԳЦЦĴϷɹһֻ񣬲ֻɺϻʲôһֻԾ𣬱ǾԼٶȵĵŷԶƺӳѷŵʻƵġ
ˣС㡭
÷ʲôڵղŲųԷʱҿǸ¥߹ӺͶŹӶأ
֪
ףһĻߣԳǿԸ񣬿¾ҵ뿴ǲ
С㣬˵ʲôأҶף÷˾죬ľѽãҪԸӣӲͲˣһжŹأ
÷ĻСֺһ٣Ҫ׼˵ʲô֮ʣԺȻһϤ
㣬㡭
ãôģ
ѿЦõҡҡͷȴֳһĨ谮
ѩȥŰɣ
ǣС㣡
ѩ뿪ãһӰҴҵĴ˽һӽѱסЦ㣬һˣûҰ
㣿أ
Ĵдָ˵ŮӵĶͷֵãôôϲܣҪ˵ʲô飬øĸô죿үүΪ㣬ûܸƷˣ
ڵĻȻ֣ᷢѳΪõŮˣȻ͵ƱǸŮӡ
ΪָĶС㣡ʱһĺװ磬һϮǳɫȹļΪ񻣬ں㷢ڼϣ˵Ļмִҹķ緶
ѵĻƲƲ죬СڼҪأҲǴܴסŶˣ㣬Һ˵ۣҳȥ˺öء
ţ˷ܲѵһһ˵ţҲЦݵľţûдϣʱʱĻϼ䣬Ȼݺ˵Сˡ֮ʱȴɫһ䣬ԺиֳӰɫЩ㱣ڲ˵컵ȴûһ㷢֡
˵ʹֵҲûע⵽Щ
ּãѱƻȫͬļˣƫƫּõĹϵã໥˽ܻҲֻǽ໥֪ǵ֪ͬ
ߴߴ˵˺һžúЩɺԣֱץǰĲ豭һĨȥˮգ˵Ļֱ˵ϵµһŴһ㡭
ţ΢΢Ц˿٣ȴ𽥱Щ졣
ӡУԼûûжĸ˷ߺ޹˵֮ʱȻԳߺޣȴܹŵЦݡ
ãòϲǸ˰ɣѺĿڵ
㣬˵ʲôأ
һָԼıӵ۵һϲǸСߣȫ˶ˣҲԲϲģ
ô
϶İ
ͦͦظȻ绪ޣˣɰãôϲСˣ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦδ˵ֻһĨ˷ֵ˼
㣬˵ˣ
иԼһһں꣬ҴҵĳȥȥͷӣߣһҪĺӸι⣡
ַܣ
С㣬С˵Ǹ죬òӰɣ÷߹Щεʵ
ǺǡȻģ
һĨӣģôˣѵݵģ
С㣬˵ʲô÷û塣
ûʲô
һ죬ֵ÷ѩȳȥɣŶˣԸǱ߰ҿŵ죡ʲôΣգǾǳ֣ҲҪ¶Լ
õģף
÷ͷѩһͬ뿪ˡ
꣬Ϊ׵һ֯ûչǰּ֪ģ֮⣬Ҳֻּҵ̫үˡ
Ů뿪תͷŴĺ棬ɫЩӡ
ʦѵ˵ģˣ
ƲǳѿУⰲķеΪԹ븴ӵϢþδɢ


31 ҹļɱ¾
ү˸ǣ
ҹǿҪ£ˣ񽣸ࡣ
ţҲоˣ
첻¶ۼĳĳλɨһۣʼȲȥܣҪҵĹŮ֣˵ǰɣ
ţְˣ࣡
ĵĵԴ绶ֵİһйţȫûн֮˷С
һ·УÿһҵȥһΣʱʱ䣬б˺ܶСЦԽģһ˫۾Ƶġ
¥˷֮İһֱ죬Щ̶Ѿˣ컳УЦְ֣ǻȥ˯
ϣǻȥ
ЦӦһô¥ķȥ
ȴԳʹһɫרȽƫƧĵطȥΪ̫·һ
ƣĳεĽ䣬Ѿߵ˾ͷ
ৡ
Ǹոת֮ʱֵӰ˳һӽǵĵ·ס
ְ֣ǻ𣿡˿£۾գѽգģԵЩ档
˵أ΢΢һЦ
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ԣ
ЦѣǺȻֵȴⷬŪЩ˵Ķ徹ȻͿ
񽣣ȥɣ
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ÿСӣ
˶ʱǵŭ죬һۺʲô˵ģֱӳֵ˹
ˣʵǿľѾﵽ龳أ͵ĶأһУ
Ȼ˵Ϳˣûһ㺦µ˼

͵ǰһôؽһ㳯ײȥ
һһ㽫ҲһǰȻһ˦˱ͬһײ˲Զǿϣֻû۶һ㣬ʹ಻ѡ
ţ񽣶δֹͣҽ̤һɲǣ΢΢㣬ͷֵϮɱȻײȥ
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գۼĹ˱һ뱻񽣻ʣ𾪲ѣ
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񽣺ܿ콫ĿⶢϣȭͷϹͷ죬۵Ĳм
Сӣ
˵ŭ죬Լͬĳֵſ񽣿ɱȥ
ͣŶܻˣһȣ
ϣţлżȣģŪЦãͷһ˵˼͹üȵģ
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غʱ䣬ʣҲʹأҺûķԸҲɱˣϵ˿Ѿòˣ
壬
߻ߣɵĵϼȣŶ
лл
񽣶ڳԵܾͬӹȺ󼸴ڱеøɸɾϣ˹ȥ
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쵭ĵᣬȴһֲɵϡ
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Ȼʹ಻ѣȴδڣûһۡ
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ааһЦȻһ˵ֱֻۣùһѣ˱ʱʹԿֱɭȻİ׹ǡ
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Ŀһ漴һźȻ߳˱ʱݺݵײǽϣصʱȻһʬ
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˫Ŀкâ˸ĵһϲ鷳ԣùԹԵĿڣ򡭡ǵĽѵ
ҪɱɱĶôϻ
һŭ죬죬үһǱģò˶ãһǣ
ô
⻰ǻһߣһ˲䣬Ѿ˴ǰ
סĲӽӲĴӵקЦСүҺ뿴νүô
ꡭ
£Ȼ˵ľ׵˲㱻ϣ˽ҹĵڶ꣡
ǡ
ɱˣ治ɫȥ˵أǲ˵
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һЦֻ֮䣬ĵȻϮʣͬʱ
񽣡
Ĳ˲֣ǰ漴ڿ񽣶ߵ˵˾仰񽣺ԥӦ
ߣǻȥ˯ˣ
ǣС֣պú뿪ڿķԸûоκ˵£ʬߡ
ߵ¥ſڣפתӰƿһĴڣĵȻҲ֪ǵʲôˣǲδɱĵ£һԺҲϲôң򣬸ղ˱ǵĽ֣
˵꣬ǣ¥С
췽ӰȻӰǱ
Ȼܷǣ
ǰС㣬տĵʲôˣôᣬѲɾ죿
ˣȻȥС˵иղųֵǸ󺺣´ǶĶ֣
ߣ
һ̸Ȱ뿪ˡ

˵ôˣ
ʲô£
ڳٵĸſڴϣϷʬ壡
ʲôѵƳ٣
֪һ緢ֵģȻ󱻳ٵˣ
ԾԳȥģʲôôĵӣ
˭֪أЩСûؾˣ
˵ǣ
ڶʱ֣ھ¥гԷ֮ʱⷬԻ۾һְ֡
Էʱ׼˵֪˵ʲô۴ϵ
Ŷ
˾죬ͷеļҲƺûһ㣬ڴڵĺžƣһſӣһֶžƱԵĲֺ
Сĳˡ
ʱſڴһ̧ȥ˴һȹ˾չֻ֣һü۵ģȫûһҹķˡ
ˣ
ֶС㣬ôˣ
ĵӭȥ֪С׼Щʲô
ÿ
һƣֱֱĳ˹ȥ׼ȥ֮ʱɵĳһ㣬ЦС͵㣬ңң
СѾͷƬӣ㡭
һۣץеľƱһƺȫûǼԽǵĶϡ
ιλҵıӣ
۾һûĵҸ㣬в⴫ȾңСүҿɳܲ𣡣
˭в˵˭в
λ˵㲻ʶң
һָ죬ݺݵĵСˣٶ˵һ䣬ŲŽ˺죿


32 
ݶǣ˵û˲֪λּҶСı뺷һ׷ÿϷǱߡ
ʱӶʨıֱƲƲ죬˭ʶ㣿һ֪ʲôְɣ
Сˣ㡭
׼쭣ĿڣС͵㣬ûиְ߰ʲôأ

ʱͣע⵽ЦЦ񣬲ɵøŭٴεۣʲôСˣסˣҽ֣
˵ţŮ˰̧ѩ׵°ͣ·ܹ֣һ㡣

Ȼĵͷ漴ȴһתǲʶ
㡭ѽѽˣˣ
ûŪЦѣʱԱߵʳҲ׷ЦϣҵȻԸΪȴû۸˵˼ʳǵЦ⣬ҲֻԽĵۡ
ŮųԼȣԵģ
ζأ԰ɣ
԰ֻԼȵĻ㳤ˣҲĳЩŮһǷǲֵŶ
죬ְι㣡ˣ
ԹԵιԶƺ˿ռһ㡣
ιӣÿ
ߵߣؽ伷һƨһߣһ˫µĿӱڴڵĳŽţ·ϵʳﵱһ㣬һʲô
ιλֶС㡭
ƳһҸŮ׼ĶҪԵĻԼȥ򣡡
С˭ϡ
ƲƲ죬еĶûͣ£
С͵㣬кܾûԷ𣿡ͷĵҪȻΪʲô԰ءԲأ

ʱĿģʱһԲ֮УɵٶȷһЩȻʱȴȻһģҴҵĵְ֣죡ЩС͵͵ˣ

ʱЦѣͨ죬ôˣȻһСŮϷŪ
СѾͷƬӣСǲˣýҰúõɶɶ
˵䣬һӣ㳯˹ȥȴһԾº󣬱㿪ʼȦ²ѣצһļ
һһСŮľٶٴʳǷ׷׺Цѡ
ǿЦãΨпȫûһоžƺһһڵĺţ·ʱг
˺ˣˣ
һһѽڻУüε֣ĵ˵ֶС㣬㶼ôˣСŮȥ˼𣿡
ߺߣ
ƲƲ죬û죬۵СѾͷƬӣ㵽׳ʲôȻҶ׷㣡
ιӣҵˮҪ
ĳ˵Ȼȴûһ㣬ȾƵĶûͣ١

񽣶Լ˿ᣬԽģԼԼһ裬һں
Ҫ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬿񽣺Ľƺʣµһүǵˣǰȥˣ
ţȥɣ
ͷֱӳſȥûпһۡ
ߺߣ
ĳ񽣵ıӰһۣҪ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬴ſ񽣽缸ӰΪ׵ĺȻǵǸɫ·ˣ
Ҳһ㣬ɵפ㳯ȥ
ڰ֣ʾȥ񽣵Ҳûٶ˵ʲôܿ뿪
ĵڶʳǷ׷ױ죬ЩС˸ɿĽ뿪
һȦ󣬶ܿ콫Ŀⶨϣ漴ע⵽֮ʱɵһĨɫ
㣬㲻Ǳؽôôߵͣ£һߵһʵ
ԭСӰ
ԭרĵĺ۶໥ţĺȻ֣ǲɨһƲұؽܿģ
Ǻǡ˵Цˣ
æЦСܲЩôŶˣò׻һˣСǺúõĺһ٣Σ
ˣҿɳܲŴүٴƲƲ죬Ҳûȥܶ໥ۣöվЩɫױá
෴죬һ˲֪˶ݣɵ¶һĨЦ⡣
СӣЦʲô
оԼˣ쭣ܿ쳯Ų߲¥
˵ʲô
ûػһվǲƤˣҪҪҰɣ
㣬⡭
ʱͣɥ㰡ⲻΪôղ涼СڳܣѵСҲˣ
ߣСӣҸ㣬øҹԶԶģȻҾȥүүͶ״ҿô죿ָŶıӣֲĺǳš
㣬ҴˣĴ˻ôĻʱҾ
ߣ
һСӣʵ㵽ʲôңֻɴôЩӣǣ
⡭
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Ŷ
ԵüëһЦЦ㲻һֱܿôôȻҪң
ҡ㡭
һͣĪĺһЩ漴ƺЩԾüһ߳СˣȥɣߺߣҲùأ
С͵㺦Ŷ
ʱСִЦô˻أ
СѾͷƬӣұ죡
צĳвţȴ˿Ϊ⣬ƲСС͵㣬ѵôŶɲӦһֱ۸˵裡ߺߣ
СѾͷƬӣ㣬㡭
˵Ƶģʱ죬ټаЦλֶСʱҲ˵ļҴܵˡ
С뵱أߺߣ
ԹԵƲС죬ȴǿЦõСӵıӣûĵСӣٸϰˣȻĻСҴƨƨ
Сˣ
ʱֺ˻ݺݵĵСǶŸΨһѪСһ㣡УͳٳǿĹϵܺã
˵꣬ٴܿˣֶС㣬ǵŹ۷˵Щģ֮ǰʶִЩ仯΢΢һаȻߡ


33 аɷӶ
ʮ꣡ǰҲһԸʮºͣԵĺõˣ֪ΪιʣǰȻԸ䣬Ӵ˱ǿߵúܽΪⲢݶڵһӵܡ
뿪¥󣬶ֱӻصŸ
ûж˵ʲôıԼסԺУԺУɫ쳣ƽ
Աߵľƺһڣܱ鲼ʹĻ䡭
϶Ǳ߻ôĺûãˣһûΪ㱨𣡡
϶ҵ϶
ڴڵĺžƣֻǲϵؽš϶֣һ˫г顭
ڴʱ緹죬ǿҪ£ǣСּڽйš
ıĿɰģҲֳһĨܰЦݣСӷ·Ѿһ֣˰ְ֣ȴҲԽԽΪ˸ĸо
ͻأģԺиֳһӰǱˣ飡
һ֮Լ
˫ĿһĨâĬĬţС椣үҵţһ֮ұϱ̲󣡡
ְ֣ʲôأÿô
ĳ˼СվһεſڣһǱȻš
ÿÿҵĹŮʲôܺÿأ߹ȥæЦ˵
ģ
Ȼҵɰأ
ְˣ࣡
СӿĲѣ뷨Уõģκ˶Դ治ˣ
ǰְ֣ôϣʵ
Ȼԣ
ԥĵͷֻҪϲģʲôԣ
ллְ֣
ٴһ£תͷϰ˵̣Ҫлл
ÿɰС
ϰҲϲۣ츶˺ŹԹԵǣ̡߳
Ůйţʲô·꣬Ʒ꣬б꣬ˣֻҪϲĶ켸ȫԥ̵ϰֱǿϵһ㡣

ֵʱλڲݳڵӶᣬȴǽʮˣǰĺȻǿľ
Ӷ˵Ԫ½ְҵ
ֻҪǮӶκ鶼ȥţ
ӶᣬǹӶĻ
ݳӶᣬʵ˵ҲֻһֲΪӶܲλвԪݣƵվԪ½۷֮һ
ʣҪʲôҵ񣿡ľߵ̨ǰһӺֵӴԱϴְҵ΢Ц
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ڽӶŵһйأľģȻκγɵĽӹ
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ųޣ
Աʮˣڣ
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ˣ鷳㿴һľļһŽ񽻵ӴԱС
ӴԱӹȥϸؼһ飬ͷˣǿѡԼһӶŵŻգ
ԼѾƺˣ
ľùһֽԺеŻջ˳
һͷϣȻһһΪɫէȥźаȵϢ
ãԵȣ
ӴԱҲû̫ȣӶŵŻҲöˣӹ죬ϡŹֵĶС
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պãϲаɷӶʽϣܹΪӶĹףս
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ף
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Ҳ֧֣
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أ
񽣰ڰ֣үѾ弶ӶˣҪү̫ǵӶȼҲֹڴˣ
弶Ӷ
񽣵Ļľʱ۾һɿȴ֪ʲôƵģȻүԸֻаɷڹһжҪԼԣᱩ¶ݣ
ðɣˣ
ľͷҲûٶ˵ʲôֻҪĻаɷӶŶɵţҲȻ⡣
æ
񽣵ͷˣүڵŰػˣүðһ仰ɸ¥ƽȴûܹõʵǣӶˣӶˣģ秵ģ˵ϰߣˣ
˵꣬񽣱ڰ֣žƺؽתӶĴſȥ

ߵ⣬һʮ˴漱Ҵҵܽݺݵײ˿ϡ
޴ĳÿһ𣬿ȴֱײڵأʹһ
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֪Ҳ֪
ҡһԴһѽ˵ץסôֱţһ۾ţСӣƤǺɣ
ҡ㣬ſң
ѣȴ㵸޷ѿһֱۡ
ðžͷţ
񽣵Ǻʹؽˣֻ˵Ƿţ˵ӣһ˦ֱ㽫˦һԣֻһԴݺݵܽӴʹͷҲ֮һѪ
㱾£Ҳڰǰզզģ
񽣲мƲƲ죬ȥ
Сӣ㾹ȻҶСүҳ֣ǻĲͷˣǰɣ
Դ㣬־͸ҵţСүһţʰ⺩
ţ
⻰񽣹ȻͣתСȥʱӶ߳һԼĪʮˣǺôĵӣѵ֪ӶĹأȻ
ִ¡ң˵ĳ֣ʱɥ״
СӣԭСӣ
ִ¿ˣɵüͷһ壬ұ죡Ƿǹִۣѵ֪Լֱ棿
ǣǣִ˵öԣСҶˣСӲ᲻صԼһ⣬Цѡ
ǻִߵǰüˣҪһ򣬽߲ˣ


34 ִ
Żִµĳ֣ӶԼ˶׷׳˹ȥ
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񽣺ͻִ±㳯ȥɻִȴûע⵽һĨЦ⣡


35 ˮ¥ˮ
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ǡôĳ񽣵һۣǡֱƳЩڵ顣
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Ķܽȥ
Цõҡҡͷû˵ģ֮ôڱ˶ýأ
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ֱ쵽мɳߣѾһǳɫȹŮЦȻĵȺ򡭡
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ˮ쿩ЦӢֻϧѾūҺĽأ
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Цõĵòţǲһʾ˭ܲµ


36 
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֮ʱһ¥ݿǱߴ˹һ˹ĿŲơ
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ˮЦһⶫڶⶫ򵥵ֺѣ

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Сӣ㻹˵ʲôأ
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37 ˶
ϣ壬ǶڰСܳţ
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ţҲ׷£ĺȻֻгǿˮѣԼӶˣΪƽˣ


38 ؼϽסƽ
죬Ҹ㣬һģһǿɱ㣬ɱ㣡
ŭȲѣȴûע⵽ʱ֮ˣͶޱȱӵĿ⡣
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ͬʱеؽҲɢںڵĹâȻֳһ޽ٶ

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һֽţ˵˵ŽС滨Ľģ˵жɰˡ
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Ϊҹ࣬ǽٷ˺ܶ࣬һֱ϶ӰŴűͣĻǿĿ࡭
Էģ෹İ


40 ָ֮
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ԼүڣָſȲѣڲϲ²˵ݣ
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ָɥһ챧Թѡ
ǺǣּҼҴҵģҲһСôóȻǰ
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Ư磬С͵أʵ
ҵСڣ㲻ҪٽƯв
ڶԡƯʮֹһĲӡ
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˾С죬֣ߵְֻ֪ҪϲģְֶģߺߣŲҪԵ޹ʵŮڣ϶⣡ߺߣƯ绵ˣ

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Уүү͸ѵȺڴˣ㽫˫һ顣
үȫ־ó壬ǺͶүͬʵͬڵԪڡ
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΢΢һЦ·ûүӻеƵġ

үһȻۺĶһͣߵһۣЩЦá
Ȼû˵ΪʲôôģүӶԶϵ˽ض޵ķʸ뵽쵽ʱԼͶŸĹϵүô벻¾йأ
ֻүӵ̽ȫܿ˼Ľ
СӣôͺЩϼһ࣬һڷ綼¶
ү̾һ֪֮Ĺϵ϶Ȳ϶Ǳߣʶ̽޹ҲûټⷽĻ⡣
̸һүӺ뿪ˡ

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ɵƾͿ񽣶ˣʵǲ
ʱȥһƳˣ
̾һѾڱ˯ȥСӣɵ¶һĨ簮Цݡ


41 Ƴļƻ
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ֻһ˲ƳԺбѾ˸뷨Ȼղ²ʵȫţ༰ȴӰƳ̬ȡ
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42 ޿ռ
ӶŸ뿪ϴһĨǳǳЦݡ
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ص¥Ըȥľ˸ӶȡӶܹӿٵĽԼһһʮĿռڡ
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ἰаɷӶţʸûзϣ
Ͼ춼ûеӶţʲôã
һͷϣȻȴҴҵ˽磬иϢ
ôˣüͷЩơ
ϣڻƳߵ̽һϢ˵ҵƳҪڽҹʱڳºһݵؼ
ʲô
˻һվ˵ؼ
һӱ뵽ˡƽϾؼô

ӦҲ²⣬»ƳҪ̣õǱؼĻǵӾѹˣ
ҹʱ
ʳĬһʵϢȷʵ𣿡
϶
ؿڵ˿ϸ԰ŹȥģԿţ
ˣ֪ˣ
ǿеϲãɣ˱һˣˣǸؼ˭
Ͳˣҡͷ
Ǻãȥɣ˵
õģ
뿪ʵĿ÷
Ƴҵģ
һôԸ㣬ȴû뵽㾹ȻԼˣ
㲻ǺСйأ˭׼ҵġƽԼֲˣ
⣬Щ˫յýģֱ¶еַŭչ֡

ҹʱвʱʱ䣬ʺ˱Ե˳İºϣҹɫǱһʯ󡭡
ϸ磬ˣ
ʱһӰһ߼ٶ˫ͫһˣ
ˣ֮Ŀ񽣣뵱һģһ
ϵܣ϶Ǹ׼ؼˣʵ

ͷϸ磬ҪھϣͻƳòϾʵҲټ֮ǻƳȻߣ϶˻ϣҲδ̫òʧˣ
ĻɫһºߵĿ񽣣һصͷãǹȥ


43 ·ʣ
ৡ
ʺӰٶƬ̼һǰһĽ񽣰С
㣿
ʣ𾪵ĵɴ˫ۣҪʲô
Сӣ㻹ǵң
ʹһЦ˫΢еĵСӵǺôĵӣҵĹ˵˹ó
󡭡
Դһ۴ʱʵĺڰǹ
㣬㵽Ҫʲô㣬Ѿǰǵˣ
񽣽˼ɫװ쳣֡
СӣҿʵǹңȻٷԣұ㵱ҵ£ôޱ
Ҫ£
ָָԼıӣŵĵɴ˫ۣѵͲ°ɱ㣿
СӣôĿ
Ц֮ǰҪұ͵Ϯһô˵ңɱңȥɣ
СӣʶȤһ㣡ûôõԣ
ʵĻдɱҹ¶ٴ½١
ִºôĿ
ʱƳӱϼٶڿվʣ㿴˭
ŵǰȻǽˡ
㣿
˫ͫһȴǹ֪ĵƳʲô˼ʲôˣô֪
ô㾹ȻҲᴧװͿˣ
ƳһЦҽ̧漴ڵ˵ϣĵôӶˣҲͳһûñ㱻Ĺ
ִ£˵ֹôƳʣϷʵʵ
Ҷʶôƨ£ɫЩ鴤ص
ðɣˣǾ͡ȥɣ
Ƴʼ磬˵䶸Ȼҽǽ֮ŶʱȥһѪֱֱɲǱǳ
֮ǰ˻ƾһĿŭʵķǲڣ
ɣϲûкҩҲûһεĻˣ

һĻҧҧȴ޷˵ʲô
԰ڻƳߵģһ򶼺ʵӣȴʲŭƫƫʸԸԼκΰѱڻƳУҲֻôɿˡ
Ǹ
·û֮ƵģƳͷ˼ֱϧĳЩˣﲻ
ˣ
ĴϵƳ㵽ҪʲôҸ㣬òҪңҶ㲻
˺ˣ
Ƴ΢΢𣬡ʣ˵뽫ˣǣô
ҺϵڴˣѲΪߵСܹʲôв
ϵܣ
Ƴ⻰ٴЦˣתĿһߵ䣬ϵܣ˵𣿡
һ˲䣬ʵڰ͵ĳȥ
ã仺ߵ˻Ƴߣһ֮ʱģĿڵ磬㲻Ҫңνľܣ
䣬㡭㾹Ȼң
ɫˡ
Ǳע⵽ǰϵĳô벻Լмˣ
һУѾƺõģƫƫԼȴɵһͶ
ƳʵԼһټӵǿĿ񽣣Ƕ֡
Ҳȥ¶ȡʲôƽˣΨһĻܱܣֻҪܻصӶУҲҹĶ֣
뵽ʱ͵سȥʩչ˼¡
ƴ硭
һĻЩˣܵӿ²ù
ü㿴Űɣ
ƳЦҪܵõǽ񲻰׷һϷ
ѵа֣
䲻֪Ƴĵ״Ӻζʱ͵һ죬ѾգۼӴܵ׿ʣͬߵķһ·˻Ѫγһ޵Ѫ硭
СӣԺЩˣ
һΪĲҪϼһ֪ҶôһԪڵСһ֣ҪЦң
˺ˣС֪ˣһΣ²Ϊôˣȥ
ٺ١˵˹Ժ󰡣СסҸϣȹܹ
Уʲô˳ҼƿѪѩ࣬һʮƿͺã
һʮƿ浱ЩǰģҸ㣬һƿ
ƿȻȥҪҾͲˣܹܾѾͷ
Сӣ㾹ȻԼŮҪã㻹𣿡
ߺߣԼŰ죡
ããƿͰƿСӸҼסˣһңȻĻôʰ㣿
˺ˣ֪ˣ
УǾɣŶˣСѾҷסʵôþʹðɣҽڼȾƣҲû
ˣϻȥɣлˣ

һԻ󣬱һӰ뿪һӰʵ˹졣
˵ģǶүӣ
жүڵĻ»Ҫһܵˡ
١
쵽Ƴ̹֮֮ǰӵĹ࣡
ʣݳڣң˭ܹʸүӵֵģŵ컹թ˶ϲƣǱûƳ
ү
Ҳ漴ߵߣǸ䣬ҲɫӲѡ
Ȼǣ
ɵڵأɫ쳣ߡ
ǧ㣬ûԼҪɱǣ˸ԼϹ
ִ£㻹ô
ǻһаȵĻߣЦ㲻ҪɱôҪô죿
Сӣ־ɱңҸ㣬ʾҲŹģ
ŭ죬±ӡסʵȴǿޱǿӲ
ģҲɱģ
ʼ磬ˣҿɾͲұ֤ˣ䣬ְɣ
ң
⻰ɫ˲䡣
ϻѵң
ߵΪܻȥܹݵ±ѵˣߣ㲻ɱ㣬Ϊܹӵ˱µĶϻɢ֮
ûϻɢ
ΪĶϻɢ䲻Υμƻϵ⡣
ҡ
ɫʮѿȻȴûȥܡ
ϵܣͶְɣ
Ƴļ˵˵˻ҩһģ˵Ǽˣ˭֪ɱģ

һ˹ȥ
Ѳƶ
Σ˺ǵѡ񣡣
䣬ң
߽ǰʵ
Բˣ磡ȥǱ֮Ҫң
̾Ϣһ͵һȭݺʵؿϣԪǿ˲飬գ۱ǳһʬ壬κλĿܣ
٣ˣ
ȭͷ̧죬ҵĽҩأ
Ǻǡ
ڰ֣ʾһ£ͳһɫƿӣߵʵʬǰƿγδ̱ǵҺ壬ʵʬۿɼٶɢվǻҺرϵ˼
һߣƳ˿ĿɿڴɫҲԽѿ


44 Ĭ
ˣҲŵ㽫ϻɢĽҩ䣬ƳȥǾͺûʲôϵ
ֻΪһҹ飬ûƳУݺݵؼˡ졯֣
ƽ飬ǵõ˽
˿֮⣬Ҳû֪ƽУǽһ£
ڶһ磬㽫͵˶Ÿȵ£ټȰ˵ǴӦʱڶŸڣҲɹĴӶүõܹʮƿơ
ѪѩԼÿƿ
֪²֪ж˻Ľɣ
תۣȥ
Ȼҵ죬˵ѺͶˣүӺȥŸ͡
ԴˣȻûκ顣
ڿ񽣣ȥаɷӶǱߣһָڡ
СˣǸСѾͷƬأ
죬ĵһ仰˴֣߼˶Цá
ȥŸˣ
һ䣬漴ûĵ˵ֶС㣬ǲǸøһƺˣʲôʱСˣ˵ЩƱ㲻ǻ𣿡
ߺߣС
ǣְ
˺ˣ°ɣ
үЦЦкŴʱڼУȴһĿʮֲƵϣüͷ΢壬Ŀȥ
˴Ŷʮ꣬õ·Ҳʮֻһ֪Ȼֺų
Ŷˣ˸ˣ
үӺ˵ĬϳǱҵˣҲѶĸ׵
ϳңּף
ĬҲǵıˣ
һܣ쵹ǺòĳĬ˵ͷĬȴޱȸ߰Ļһ񣬸Ϳ졣
ˣʵȴһխ֮
һӱȻĬıԣҲûȥעʲô˸Ͳֵ
Ŷˣ㻹֪
үۺ룬ЦŵСĬС˻ԼҲҪΪ£
үү˵ʲôأ
⻰ʱ˸ոռĲˣҶ˵һǧˣҲ޵ģҺĬֻ֮֮飡
˵
үӵʱȻһЩûڣ˵ЩʲôҪּҶ𣿡
ߣ
һźǲ
үү
ĬЦԵģңҲ֪ʵЩˣûµģһøı⣬һģ
˼СĬ˵
үЦŵͷ漴Ŀⲻ¶ۼĳɨһۣЦ˺ˣȳԷԺ˵
ȴЩЦãֻԼˣЩʣټүǲɨϵĿ⣬Ρ
ү֮ǰĻûʲô죬ȴڹ⳯Լʲô
ϾĻ£ǰ˵ģ
һٷҲԵòһʱٷȻ
үӽЩƣطϢλҲ֮뿪ڱֻʣѣĬԼˡ

ĬĿڣѾܾûˣҪҳȥߣ
Ĭ磬⡭
Ҫܾȴ֪οڡ
Ͳô쵽أ
ܣȥɣ
ѳˣȷܾûˣôű絽߿
ðɣ㣬֪ˣ
ѿڣȻҾܾܿĬһͬ뿪ܲ˵ǣĬȻĸ±˲֪Ƶġ
ӣ벻ͨô
Ĭ뿪Ц죬Ȿǵļ磬ΪʲôҪǰɣȻشңô
ô
ЦĿУֱʼ磬ֶֻСЩϧˣ
ϧʲôÿϧģûƲ
Ҫ˸ƫƫˣ⻹ϧô
죬ٺ˵
Ļ类β͵èһצĵ˵Ҫ޸˵ҲŲޣҲޣ
ã
ü˵ʲôˣСǱ㶨µĻԼѵּΪǣ𣿡
㣬ô㶼ô˵
ʱίѣǰǰ˵ˣǰô֪ĬȻôɶѵˣ⼸ʱϳǴϢֱһ޶ĶѵԸ⿴ôɰƯ𣿡
ٱҵĻҾȥɱҿˣôȢң
˵ţɱչ֣ѶЦá
˺ˣˣ
磬ȥ˵ͨүүûܹ㣡
˵ŻʱѵĿĳһۣ鲻ԽһС㿴ʲôѵü񣬻ʲôϵ
͵Ҫ֮ʱϣĬţɫЩΣ࣬ĸĸţĿɨܣ·˷׷׽ã
ֳУֱͺЩͷ࣬ƫƫĬһ֮µɫ
Ǹ쵽ʲôȻܹүү̷ӣĬʵ
簡ûʲô
ҡҡͷֻ֪˰ˣ
򣿡
ڲϳǵĵλΪҴٵĬȻ֪ôһСط
ţ
ҿǵӶϤƵģôʶģĬʵ
Ƕ㣿
ʼ磬ȥѰ˵һ飬Լ֪ΪʲôԲżϤֻһ֮ĸоɣ
һҰСӶѣ
Ĭ˫ĿһĨâѸоԴ֮Ĳͬǹ˼ɷָĻҪ˽ֱˣ
ĬԣɱһҰСӣʲô£
Ĭ磬ôôࣿĵ
Ǻǡûʲô
ĬɱܿЦŵֻʰˣϾǸҲһˣܹύһ˵Ҳкô
˵ǰȷǸܺõˣЦ޵ȴûעĬĺâ
ˣ˵иˮ¥ϰƯĬʵ
ǰֱ֮ò
ͷΪĻҶ϶Ҫ׷ˣٺ٣ҪʲôĬ磬Ҫȥˮ¥ߣ
ã
˱ĸˮ¥ķȥΪλּٵĴ·Ĭܿ˶¥ϣĸ¥ݿڣϾ˭ˣҪˮ¥Ĺذ£ĬҲ⡣
Ӵǣⲻô
õϢˮܿ¥ҡҷ֫ôﰡòǽʲôط˰ɣ
˵Цˣ
ˮĽģֻѪӿæЦ⼸Щ飡Ҳ֪үүҾϤ⣬һֱ鲻ʱ䰡
ⲻұϳǱ߹ˣŴһ䣡
˳Ĭһ飬ĬĿһĨ࣬ȴ΢΢ǷĬˮС㣡


45 򵥵ˮ
ԭүūˣ
ˮ΢΢һЦǷǷǷӿǰһ£ʱĬӶЩֱҲܿ췴Ӧ»ָ湫ӵķ緶
٣¥һЩȤȥˮһܣ˵үİɣ
᲻ᣬȻᣡ
˱һͬ¥
ֻмв̫Ļι̨һż䡣

һż£ŮϼȲ裬Ȳ˵㣬ʲôöóҿ£
Ǻǣ̨ϰأԼȥɣˣֱùҸۣˮ˵
ã֪ˣĬ磬ȥ
˷ܲѵĳȥĬ򳰷һСӰ漴ĿˮϣЦˮС㣬һ֧ôĲҵ϶ɣ
˭˵أ
ˮĵ۶㷢̾ɲҪôūҲ˱ˣֻܿԼˣ
ˮС˵Цˣ
ĬĳˮǱŲһЩ΢Ц˵ˮСò϶׷ҲôûأòˮС۹̫ߣš
үǸ߿ūˣ
ˮ죬ĵʵūҲ׸ĺأ
ˮС㾹ȻѾ޹ˣ
Ĭ𾪡
ŮֶΣȫȫ϶ˮԾӢ֮ʵ벻ͨļˣô񻹱Ѳ޵Ǹܲɣ
ǰ
·ûĬ𾪵ӣˮ豭һڣ̾Ҳ֪ūǲڽ鵱գǷ㱩ūһСŮˣճعģ
ˮСѵûһĬ̽ԵʵŨŨռ
Ȼأ
ˮҧ촽ūǸ֮أӴūʱ䳤ˣ᲻úūҲͿĵˣԼԼͺãһӣҲôˣ
ˮСɲԣ
Ĭ΢΢ЦŵһŮˣʼջҪչΪã
ˣ˵ˣ
ˮ¶ۼĳÿһЩЦүٹϵܺãٵı磿
ǵģ
ˮĶĬЩʧ̬˵ϳңСñĸף
ԭ
ˮףĵˣūҶϳǱһ㶼ϤأүĻɲԸū˵˵ϳأ
ǺǡѵˮСȤȻʤң
ĬƾϵؽϳǣͬʱӸ涼̾ˮò·ˮϵܱһ㣬ǵˮЦϣ֮Ĺϵࡣ
Ĭ˵ţһ˫Ŀɨˮȫ
ĵĲ˫壬ӯӯһյ֫ԼĴȣֱһ˶ĬҪ湫ӵķ緶ͻֱȥˡ
ү˵أ
ˮɬĺˮŭ´пūұҪȥϳߣʱϣүܹūҵ䣡
µң
ĬԶʱ˫ĿһϲҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣ˹㣬˵õ۹Ҫˣ
ĬĿһĨ⣬װģ󳳴ֵʲôԼݣ
˺ˣýҿ㿴ʲô
ˮȴǽһЦ֮˹ȥ㣬
ðɣۣȥǮˣ߱ǣ
ٺ١л㣡
ʱĬҲ˹΢ЦŵˮС㣬˼ܴСһӶûУҲδ̫ˮСˣɲ˶٣ϱǣ
Ǻǡүˣ
ˮҡҡͷˮ¥ܹ֮ڶǣҲٵչˣһСΪ⣡
ǲ֪ˮСɷпգˮСĬʵ
ʵǲ˼أүū£´ΰɣˮܾ
ˣǺðɣǾͲˣȸˣ
룡
ĬˮǷǷһͬ뿪ˣܹ֮õĺϰߣ
վ¥ĴǣĬԶȥıӰˮϲзŵģޱȱ䣬ƻһƵģЦ볰
С㡭
ʱһ˹ɫĵĬȻҶС𲻹֮ģūȥɣ
أ
ˮûлֻҡҡͷĵ˲űȽϺÿƣңҲһˣãǲҪϳôһ
С㣬Ĭߵǵĵ
ǺǡϣҵֶΣܹôô
ˮЦĬֻһɫͿ˵˵ӰˣΪǣŶˣǸô
죬ʮ꣬򣡡
ǰȴ֪ΪκȻ˹һƬհףֱǰʱȻعңͬʱұ̲֮ŮЩ
ʵ²Ѿ죡һŮΪʵݲһΪ񽣣ʵ²ⲽ죬ĳ⹦·
붫ּңżҹϵܺãǶżңܶŴӣ
ϽϢһһ˵˵˽ޱϸȴûˮ⡣
üͷˮ촽΢ĵհס
ĵ鲻
ϻصѾ˼飬ʲôջ񣡡
ˣ
ˮתĵɣԺ鲻ٲˣǵĵˣ
ǣС㣬ȷأһ
ûʲôһ
ϻ׼˵ʲôȴǱˮֱӻִϣôˣԺˮ¥һԹӴ⣬Ҳһ£Ŵүӵãү֮ǲ֪Ĺϵ
ǣС㣬ף
ϹһŻ˳ȥ
˿̣ڵĻȻ֣ᷢһ˫۾û˿ɣһϹӣ
졭Ǹô
ˮһվǶɫ˲ڣһ˿Թþδ

ְ֣ôˣ
Ÿ˴֮ʱڴڵĿżȣСֱ˵컳УɾٴζһЩյӡ
ôСѵߴ˼죬ͲְְЦСӵıӣʵ

˦˦ԴЦȻְˣүүмȳأְ֣ιŶ
˵ţСӱֽһļȵݵߣҲҧһڣСԽЦ绨һ
Сӣô뵽ˣ
үʱ˳
ŮȥԼȣְҪͶүү˵
ڵϣųүȥڶ棬ɫϣʲôʱչͻƣ


46 ٴϮ
ʲô˼
ʻ΢΢㶡
ûʲôǰϲһ¶ϽԪЦ˵
Ŷ
ûĵһۣʶҲ˰ɣΪΪ˽Сӵģ˵ɣʲô飿
ٺ١û뵽ϻĺ˽Ұ
Զϵ쵹ҲϣٺЦϣʹϳң֪٣
ϳҡ
ԣɫĵСôȻ뵽ˣŶˣϷֶ֪ѾͷĬСָΪ飬ǰɣϷû´ĻǲĬСȥָˣ
ȻǶϣѹֱ˵ϵ
˴ĴָϣȻ㶼Ѿ³ˣǲС˵˵
ң̫ǿ
ϳƬ̣˵ϳǣֻ˵ǿԣĬȴ򵥣ᣬѾҽһ⣡СȴʮֺɫϳвʮŮϵŻкüΪ̥
ֶѾͷǼ޸Ĭһʻţϣ
ϲ̾һ漴Ȼ뵽ʲôƵģϷʵ죬СӣòǿֶѾͷ˰ɣ
ʲô
ЦãȥָͣԼϵϸ˵һ飬εĵҿ϶ĬǼһˣ
ѵСӵݵλһҲɣ
˿ΪƲƲ죬캣аٰҪ˵ȥĬСӸЬ䣡
ѾӦͷӣǱҪᱩ¶ҵݣ
ҡҡͷƽգֻʹ캣Ϣ
Сʲô
ĵòҰǸĬɣɲУСвΪ֪Ҳöżðգ
˭˵Ҫɱˣ
⻰ʱûػصϸòΪɱ˲գ۵ħͷɣһʲôԸɱ䣿
ѵ㲻ô
ĬЦһɴ˫ۣа٣Ȼ˵ЩϷˣС˵ˣ

ٴ̶̼ʱ䣬ǱǰΪϲĶΡ
˺ˣϣϻˣҸо⼸»ʲôΣգϰæչһ
ɫ˵СӾͼڶŸϲչصĻסԺɣŶˣǵð׼һЩʲôģǧҵĹŮ
˺ˣСӣ⻹Ҫ˵
Ϻǲ͵İڰ֣ʲôˣԶٷϾˣ
ðɣǾ͹
쵹Ҳûоܾϵĺ⣬ӦһߵϣСӴڴڿżȵĿɰģ¶Цݡ

ӶŸ뿪ҹʱ֡
·ϵѾ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ붼Ѿţҹɫˮϰϰһңк籡ɴ»ִأԵΪ
Ӱӣϵúܳ
΢΢һߣȴǻǰţʱȴרѡһЩƫƧСӣ˴ʮӣȻӰ
죿
֮ʵгһ
˭פ㣬˵ǰ˿⡣
Ͷˣ֣
Ŵ˵һ仰֣һһҵֱϮʮĬͨһ㣬չֳƣҪһɱ뷨
Ϊٺ۸
ˣֻ龳ѣȫûϡ
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첻΢΢ͷ㿪˲䣬ȻһǱ𿪺󣬱Ǻԥϣֻý죬˾ǱֱӺ˲Զǽϣ֮£ǵǽڶһЩѵĺۼ
ۡ
˶ˣڳһֱ˾Ե·磬·û
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ǣαʵĲ԰
ţǲʱ䣬ƺߴ˱ѾأȻǽˡ
죿
ǳֵ֮һУûгȣʵ
Ǻǡ㲻Ҳһô
򶷶մȾĳĵ˭Ȼܹڵ˹֮£
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৵һ£óһȻ˹ȥ
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ǳֵԽԽľֶΣ춼ܹʮ׵Ľ£ҪǣӵӴ֮ʱųȥ־ôɫ䡣
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ڣ
ǻһĨаЦߵǰĵ˵ӣٿһ
Σ
Ȼʵȴû˿һ˫Ŀ
˵ǰɣ
аЦȻгһӣһâֱֱϮ֮ǰڵϵ֮˱ʱҺһѪ쭳գ۱Ĳˣ
ֻǵһΣ
аЦһϲʣԣ㻹ʵ򣬵ڶˣ͸ֵˣ
ҪɱɱĶôϻ
û˿ɿڣлֳĲм
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첢ŭͷ󳤽ٴһӣҲ֮˱ٴγһʬ塣
գۼ䣬˱Ȫ鶼ûһ£·ֻɱֻСƵġ
ղǵڶˣ
ûմκѪյĳǰ֮ӹ쵭ĵ㻹һλᣡ
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֪ձ˺ĺһȻһ漴գۼɫڣ鴤Ƿɱˣ
ϧ˰
һĻҲδֹҡҡͷ󣬱ת뿪Ӱɱҷĺܳҹոӵҵ


47 Ƶ
Ĭ磬У㲻Ҫٸˣò
Һֻ֮鰡ҲȢһŮ˻ؼҰɣ
ЦõĳߵĬ߶ţɫƵ˼㡣
и׺ʹѣĸͶĬˣôôһƨһֱ
׵ģ
Ĭ΢΢һЦĵģһϲҵģң
ǣĲϲ㰡
ƵĵҪɣĬȻȥҾԼϲˣԼȥ㣬ô
Ҫ⻰֪Цʲôģ
ҪϱߣҲҪҸõɰɣ
˵ùÿҪˣĬ·ûĻƵģתʵ
ҪˣǻҪ⹫Ҵһʱô
Ҳǽøүү˵ģĬҡҡͷ
أ
ҧҧ촽һЩڴ
Сٻģˣ˵轫Ĭߡ
ү
ʱĬҴ˹Ĭߵ˵ЩʲôĬɫ˲һ䣬͵Ҳһ
ô
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ѩ÷ŮվһߣҲ־Ƶġ
Ȼ־ȴˡ
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Ǻǡ
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û취
Ѽҡͷãû취ѵͲȥүүҪֻ֪Ҫүүˣѵĸ׻ᷴô
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ѵĻʱûİһߺߣүүͬйأ
˵Ŷ
صЦЦãΪүү治֪ĬΪΪ˼Ը⿴ӣ
㣬˼ǡ
ʱ˫ĿŹ⣬ȴҡҡͷûʲô˼ҿʲôû˵أ
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˵֮ʱѵһĨ塣
ѩӲ⣬ѵģǵûٿڶ˵ʲôһʱ֮Ժٴλָ˸ղŵƽ

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ЦõĿֶС㶼ǿҪ˵ˣôô֦ҶģҪǼ޹ȥǻֳܶЦ
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ð
ȻӦˣ漴ȴЦϽҾڼŶǧҪҪ˼Ҷؿչ룡
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췢ϷʣѸǰһѣҺݺһ£漴ת㳯ǰȥЦ˰ɣҪҽȥ㣬ͻᱻ׷ɱģһᣬô
㡭վס㾹Ȼǣ
һʱ漴ȴצĳ׷ȥСվסҪ֣
㵱Ǳ
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48 ǱΪ

ͻȻ䣬һУ͵Ľƿ⧲£ʵʵײԺϣ漴ԺĴűײ˲ĵء
СҪɱ㣬ɱ㣡
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ܣҪ֣ӣ
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Ժ˺üأƺȫûע⵽һݵүӡ

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Цõͣס˽Ųôȥ¼켸ҹܲˡ
Сˣ
Сϻһ͵ץס첲ԥҧȥ
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ʹѣ˵ȴԪֵֻɢȥԪСϻҧš
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ҧһ΢죬ܹоѪζҪһ˫ĸ첲ɵһ֮Ķ뵽֮ǰĶĵԽɬ
ȿȡ˵ҪǻȵĻͻȥûϼһ𣿡
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⻰ʱЩɣ漴˳үӵĿ⣬ȴٴһ죬үү˵ˣòСɣ
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ʱǿȻסڶǣȴϳǱܣĬͬΪӵһʣǶʱһѰ˵һԾԵĹѣ
Ĭ˳ǿļƣ俶󷽣һҹĸǿΪĬǮɵȻҲҪʮֵʶһļϣٴӱϿõֵͬƵġ
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ǿ¶ۼĵ˵żңּҵĹϵˣҲǺּôôҪԸأ
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û뵽ȥȴǱɱˣǿӿڵ

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ҵǺ㰡ֵܣ
ǿһĨЦȴ̾Ϣĵֵ֪ʱҲû취ⲻҶüûˣֻ˵ҿԴЭ㣡ɼ龳ȥ㣡
龳ĲУ
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ĻǸ¾㲻УҲܹܻţȴƵķɱ
ĬԽɱ⣡
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ɱ
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ǺãֵܣҾͲˣߣ
Ĭ뿪ıӰǿһȥ̽·ʯҲ뿴쵽Ǹʲôˣ


49 
ѣԼĸٻˡ
ٻͬĸһ㣬ּҵĵλܸߣЩڣ˵ŵı֣
裬˼Ĳ޸ǸĬ
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ѵҵĻˣ
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С죬µ⹫ǱѵûôĬģߣһżΪӵܰˣѵҪŮ𺣲ɣ
˵
ٻһҲ֪ǴԣСĬѾǿҪ̤ˣôˣ˵ݣ۵λŵԣ
ݡλ
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⡭
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50 Ԫ
ȥ
Եޱȷ˻ûӦ֮ʱѾ
һȣýĲҺ֮֮ʱʮѪڣѪϵ˽ˣȴ޷⽣ķ
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һԣһֱվڱϵԪ֮һУĿȴһĨ𾪡
첻򵥣ҹһҪɱȻүȥΣ
뵽Ԫ֮ɱԱ䡣

Ȼʱ֮﷢һҺֽˣɫ԰׵˼㣬ϺȻһֻơ
ԭڸղţץסһᣬǿס֮˹ʱ򣬽÷֮Ԫ˲٣ѸײڶٶȻӽ֮󴦻㽫նϣѪӿʱȾ·ĵ桭
죬Ҫɱ㣬Ҫɱ㰡
֮˷ŭţȴ˿Ϊ⣬ηתɲǣɳֽ֮ӭ˹ȥ
Һˣ
ȻԪ֮س漴һǿƷӿ
ã
ɫ䣬˲䳯һֲԪȻڿմҳһӡ
Ⱥˣ
Ԫ֮жһ֮ԹԵһЩ
Ŀ΢Ԫ֮ȥ
˵Ŀڿн㣬ĵ𻨳һ㣬ʹܵ˲ٴ˲١
죬סˣҽۣһĺʹ죡
Ԫ֮ˣҲΪ۵˵
ۣ֣ܲ
쵭ͷ漴¶ЦɣΪɱңԪǰڶѣΪԼ޵˲ɣ
޵вҵҪɱ㣬ǲģ
ʼ磬صµ˲имԪ㻹ŲϺţ
Ǻǡ
쵹ЩЦˣʲôȻˣ֮ǰɲԸңʲôģǳǿĬ
ұ֤ǰһɲǻ㣡٣ҲҪĿô˵
ˣǻ˵ʲôְɣ
쳤һȫԪ˹
Ԫرľ޴࣬ΨһȻܹӵЩʤ㣡۵Ĺƿأô¾Σˡ
ҲܲϾԪ
гһ֮ɵĽĹҪ׼֮ʱȴȻʧǰ·ȫ뵽ܵĻ谵һ㣬ޱȣ
ô£
ŬҪҳλãȴ
УԭţȻȱʧһЩ
ɱңҲҪۣ
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ϡ
ۼʱӦӽâȥ漴Ԫתգ۱̳ʮȴַ׷˿մ
죬ٴʧˣ
⵽ʲô
Щŭ
ȴڰУѹƵ˼㣬һĽܻ谵Ļûһ¶
챾ɱ֣ĺҹõı
ԪǰڣҪҵĲλãҲǲܵģ
ȻҺѡǺҹ»һ㶼޷
죬һˣȻ˹ģҹһս
۲ϻгһâܣȴûеõκһӦ
״磬᲻Ѿˣ
ʱԱ֮˳˵״ԪǿߣĶ֣
ᣡ
ƽһЩҡͷ˵ӸղԿܵˣֻû뵽Ȼܹӵ˹ĲֶΣ
ৡ
һɲǣٴζ֣
ȻͷϿգĽâȻ֣۵ɫ˲һ䡭
μæ˸ȥͬʱһ͵Ϯٴλ⣬漴ٴʧȫҲκһ켣͸˵ȥʲô˺ˡ
ϷŪֱǳϷŪ
죬Ǹˣͳһս
ҿûӰɣ˻ʲôԲˣ
۾ĴܣŬҪѰλãȴʼպ
ͷŭɱ˵ۣͷһ
ȻȴһֱǱţҹµһ˫۾ѣʱע۵жͬݷıһ㣬ȴѵĳʱ
ƬСȫţ
У֮ǰսѪϢԵޱȹ죡
죬ٲҾһѻƬָˣҿʱμڲȥ
ȥʱ֮ãЩĺš
ȻӦȴһƬž
Ǹ׳գΪյ־ͿԱȱ
䳰ѣСүҵĲͷԽ̵ģ綼޷˵ˣ
۶ۣʱ׼Ŷ֣
ִʮɱյҲ٣ϰ۰״̬ľͲκӰ죬˵˶¶ڵλˣ
ɱ֣Ҫִܹ֮ʱ


51 ң캣а
תۣһʱȥ
ˮ˵ɣ춼һֱҲδڼ䵹ͻϮ˼Σκһֱ־裬˸ϴȥһЩǳǳ˿⣬û
Уң
۳ǸΨһû˵ڣΪекһ
״磬Ҹô
гֽ˹ԥ

ҡҡͷĲôضҲǽ˺ҹʹ˴Сֵ⻷ֻҪһѻˣ㲻ܽƳֻҪΧڣȵʱͬɣ
״˵öԣ
̵ͷ͡
쵹Щ㵣û뵽һӱ˵ص㡣
ôȥĵȵĻ÷ŻյƬӣ޷ȥϾ۵ʵ
ԣעǰ棡ȿҪʱǱһѻ𣡡˵
ã
еͷ漴۱űʮֵľΧ
֮ǰȥһʱĴ͵Ϯÿһζ˷ʤԪǰڵ۶ˣвڣǱ춢͵Ϯļʻ˲١
۵ĻȴҲ
ʶֻǿžûзŹκһ仯Ķ̬
ʱһһţ쵹и뷨
ڳ֮ǰڳʱ֮ǰûȥôүͨ£ּ֮˵ôΣȻܻӵڶʱ֡
ڣʱʱ
УôȥǸ취ôû죬ֱӴ
ִҲǵԪܹƿصһߵ˵ʽʵ̫ĻͲܱ
ȻֵĴ㶣Ҫ׼ش֮ʱֵ˵ֱӵͷҡͷ
лȻҡҡͷ
ҲǱ
ΰɱļƻȴͻ䡣
ּһ֪ôȴǵıضǿ籩ϮԪǰڣҲûκλĿܣǵү
Ҹղ˵ֻΪԻе죡
ۼĬĬĵͷš
ҹ۲ˣĲʮָҵʵ޷бֻ
ң
۵Ļú㶣ʲôһڣȻǻܻΪһ壬ϾǻԻһɫ߹ߵıܻһģԣȻһҪץסʱƳȻ󼯺֮Ѹٽɱô
еͷʾס
ܺã˵ҵİţϸţ
ۼʱȴ죬Ȼᷢκ촽Ҫģ⿴۵촽ȴûβ֪ڴ
Ͳסˣ
˫΢УʱʱҲ㵽ּңʶӣ
ۿ϶뷨ȷҵλãӶܹһٽɱ
Ȼ֪ʲôӣȴӲǼ֣ˣǾñƾͼƣ
뵽ϸֳһĨаЦ֪ݵڳ϶аʲôɱ˵Ĺˣ
Ŀɨܣ첻¶ۼŲܿһʬϡ
ûʬ˵֮ˣ쿴ϣҲǷ˰ɣ
ںҹڻ£ûע⵽ʬʧ
ŹȥʮӺ͵ĴһȻâʢеԪȫʱΪģӣֲƿѹ֮£еľأǱһӸһ㡣

ͻأһҺ𣬿⧲±͵Ϯˡ
ĿһԥĺȻ֣ԴǵӰȥ״磬
֣
ҹУ溫֮۳ųٶ˵ĹƽɫԵ쳣
ڡ
ɲǣݺݵشУǺӰصأѪ˳ԵǰѪȡ
ԣ
ͻأ۾쵽ʲô͵źзٺˣ漴ȴǿǱеĺӰըѿͬըһѪ׷ɣǿʹǱѣڸԭըѿһ׵ӡ
ȿȡ
ɫѿĿԲѣʱǻմȾѪۣһѪܵ飬ֱŻ
ৡ
һ˲䣬һͻأϮɫ䣬æƿԼҲ
ء
âϮڵأ֮յĶ㿪

ĿһݣץһĨۼԥֱӳ֡
ǣâϯͬʱҲ֮ϮֻǺ͵һƺߣһѪ˳
ȹѪҺֱϣ۵һƬģ
죬ȥɣ
еſЦеĳŭһȻ̴һ壬Ѫ쭳ȾܵһС
Ȼһ˲䣬۵У㡭㡭
ʲôô£
һ㶣۾һɺ𾪲ѣ״磬ô㣿
ûзſӰȻۣ
еģҲۣ
ôأ
ԭڸղǽӰ˲䣬òԼӰӸ뺫֮䣬ͬʱִкУΪץסԼڣ˺һѵĳֻᡭ
ͬʱú³ѪҺԻ۵ߣ޷һʱжϣ
У㣬㡭
˿ڣɫ԰׵˼㣡
֮ˣ˵ǳͷ­֮Ҫĵط
ﱻƣζı٣
޷ʱΣô֮⣬κοܣ
ۻмʱô
ᣡ
״磬ҡҲǹİ
лˣæǰҪȥˣɾһɲǣٴγˣ
źâ˲Ϣ
ӦǱֱӴ̴࣬һѪ쭳˲䣬ǰ˺üصأٲȻʧȥ
죬úţ
һĻĶﱻƵѾǳ˷ˣǿľ֧ţͻˣ
Һô
ԣЦѣҵģû´ĻĬ˰ɣĬԩ޳ȻҪɱңѵͲܷɱ㻹Ϊҿһ첻ɣ
㡭
ôˣ
ۿڣ㵱ЦŴϵҸ㣬ۣҾɱ㣬ôôΪĺ۸
ҡ
Ҫſڣȴٴαϣʲô㣿ƾ˻ɱңΣ㲻Ҫ֪ҵʲôôҪ˵ķݶϣپʵɣ
˵䣬ߵߣЦŵԪʵҵݣӦ˵һ仰ķƶаκ֪ң캣а٣
캣󡭡а١
⻰۶Ȼ˫ͫʱ֮Ǻڣ
֪ݣôܻᶯ֣
а٣Ǵ캣󣡶Ȼڲϳʵ㲻ܹ캣ȣ
һʲô飬²±Ѫɺӣ
а
ţҪ˵ʲôһ仰޷ڣǲʵĶһ֮ʱ۾ĴģĿ


52 ٻ
˵ˣֻʣ֮ǰϵƵ֮ˡ
Ǻۣǰһж̶̲ʱһУ֮˾ѣĿǳ⡭
У͵Ķʮ꣬ɾȻвʮˣ
Ҫ㲻Ҫ
һԼƽ죬˵ѡ
㺦ˣ
һЦ˵ңںδ
ڶڵһС棡ҡǲû˺˽ľλý˳
˭ˣʵ
ҡǡ
ԥˣȻɱĿУջԼҳϣ˵үүˣ
Ǹأ
ǡүģ
Ĭ
ǣǵģ
ĬΪʲôҪɱңѵΪܾ֮Ļ£
ǵģ
ȻѾˣ˵ҲͲһĽһж˵˳ΪľܹסС
ǿĬ֣Ҫأ
ȻôҲû뵽Ԫǰڵĸ֣ᱻɱɣ
ڿԷôұ֤ԺҲ´ˣ
Ĭӣ˲ϵġ
ԼӶܱѣΪҪŹ㣿Ц
㡭㲻ã
˻Ҳ˵תҪܣȻȴ͵ϣֱӶಿλʱ˱ܵ򼸲أ˲òˡ
ҿû˵Ź㣡
һһУааһЦȴأηɿĳųȥ
ڣܿ˵ҵ˻ιȥ룬ϲκ˺ۣǲδܵκ˺

죿
ּңĵлУڰֱ׼ȥָȴȻһİŮ
ʮ̴棬ŸׯٻѡԼ֮ĸ
裬ôˣ
ոհٺ߳ٻɵʧ
ԭǲĸ
쳯ٻǷٻڰ֣ߵǰ΢Цл־ȳ
裬֪ˣɬΡ
ԭֻǺͼ˵ڳˣҪһϾǰҲӣƺδʲôɣȴû뵽ԼĸѾ֪ˡ
ϻ
ٻһͷϣΪΪ㣿㿴㣬ΪܵܣΪּҵΨһжԼĽ㶼ã㻹˼
ĸⲻ
˵ʵΪң֮԰ܶС㣬ҲΪƶԸҵģ벮ĸ£
ֶˣ
ٻЦ˵ѾûΣˣҿֶĺܴ󣬲ҹڼϢһЩҩָ
лĸһҪȥ
ӹٻĵҩǼҪȥ
ðɣȻˣһԶٷɣ͵ĸ׵ĶĸлٻҲûǿ
ãСֶţǣ
ٳٻһͷתȥ
ıӰٻĿڣΣ
磿ܺð
΢΢һȻ֪ԼĸǺ⣬ǺܿػصΪаȴǸεգүүҲͣ
ãĬأٻһ¶ۼʵ
Ĭôܺȣ
ѿڶȴּæ˵࣬ɣ
ࣿ
ٻתЦЦԼĶӣôģ
ҡ
죬ȴ֪οڣٻҲûٶ˵ʲôȥ
ڴɴڻеٻı鼫Ϊӡ
裬չ˶ɣȻȥ˯ˣ
ڷ˵һܿ뿪ٻһڴߣΪ˳㷢ɵ̾һþδ

ڶ磬˹ϤĻȫһͷˮһֱԽȳ˵΢ƽһЩ
ţٻҲˣָڣ֪ܵˣҲֻǼ
ʱֵ磬컺
æаɷӶţסڶŸʶֻǶһˡ
ⲻүô
ģ쿴˴ӲĬЦһ׽ĳ˹ȥүּˣ
㣬ô
Ĭʱɫ˲䣬æտڣ
ôˣ
ĴһԼҺûʲô԰ɣ
ǣǣǺǡ٣
ĬæƽһգЦ˵ô뵽ҹùùøˣ
Ǻǣ緹үİɣЦ
ⲻ⣡
Ĭæҡҡͷ漴ȴŶЩĵ˼٣ҿˣЩȻطϢһ
ôⲻϾҪˣүԵ㣿˵岻ҪҰ㿴
Ǻǡ鷳ˣһطϢһͺã
ĬǿЦЦæתߣײһŮЦЦĿ£ȴҶֱֱͣԼҵĿͷȥ
硭
ʱ˹תȥѣԼܲѵıǰ㵭Ȼȴ΢΢ЩΣִв˵ˣȫһøǽӡ
Сллˣҧҧ촽˵
ʲô
Ͷ䣬˵ʲôôû
С㡭
װģʱһɣ漴ȴһӿڵӣ˵ҹл㣡
Ŷԭ
ȻĵͷһΪֶСںĸС˵أҾͲˣôȻ뵽ȥллСأ
Сȥ
ʵ̲סˣ͵ֱۡ
ʲô˰
զզľʱԱߺüŮ׷˹
ʲôУ
һ죬۵С㲻Ҫű
˺ˣˣ
ѿЦã߰ɣѾ׼ˣүү׺ĸ׶ڵأӣ룡
С㣬룡
ѣʼմһǸ⣬֮ʱԵñࡣ
Сˣ
Ķ˶Сţݺݵٴһ£תߡ
˼һֱƢǸ
ǺǣҪҶѾϰˣ
Цҡҡͷȴֵǰ㣡Ͷͽϲԩңٺ١˵ʲôʱҾҪĿڽнأ
Сӣ˵ʲôأ
Ļ쵱ûһۣҪһñ۸ִ򲻵ããⲻҪС
˺ˣȥԷɣ
ЦУǱ㳯ŷȥүӣٻ򸾵Ⱥ򣬼쵽˾Цӭȴֱһİ۳Ʈȥģֱ˼㡭


53 Ը¼ƻ
ʲôҪˣ
ָ󣬵˵ԼٹҪ뿪飬ڳ֮˶Щ㵣¶ᡣ
ǰιʦݷöϵģ
ͷʦԸһҪȥѧԺ
ѧԺ
ԣ΢΢üǸϹʱѧԺڲѾûôȥʲô
ʦЦŻص
ʦ
һ磬ѵ죿

ջԪ½ϵĹأʲôѧԺҪʦͶҪʵ
Ŷʮ꣬Ѿ֣
ʱڣ˶𾪣ΨѵıЩȻƺѾ뵽ʲô
ʵҵȷ죡
ص죬Ҳ뿪ʦţ
찡磬ҳԾ
˷ܵĵʮ죬ҪǴȥ²֪ж˸Ű
㣡
ٻǳһ䣬ת˵ֶȥô
ѧԺѾȫû䣬ֵǰⲢݳڣĹ
ٻ˵˻ʱĿⲻ¶ۼĳ˹ȥ
˿Ȼ⣬ҧĺ촽Ĳᣬٻĸ׵Ŀһ
еġ֣⡣
ǺǣȷǷȥɣ
صʦԸ˼˵ˣҵ˫ȶˣҲҪȥȿȡڹ涨ʱûȥĻϼһҪҵˣ

ʦĳƺһҲûٶ˵ʲôϾѾ˵ݶϣ˵ʲôأ
ѧԺ
үʱ뵽ʲôоâ˸ϷָѧԺʦ٣ѧԱ̶ֻһˣд£

үһۣЦŵͷѧԺһѧԺʦѧԱıһңѧԺڲӹһҪѧԱ
ѧԱĿ˱׼ʲôүʵ

ԥһ£ϣԼҲ֪֪ѧԺÿŻһÿεĹضͬ
ûƣ
ûаɣ
ðɣˣôߵʱͰһȥȥμһεĿˣ
үӵͻأʱڳ˾㵲ѡ
˵ʲôȥѧԺѧԱ
ٻһ˵ɲУڼﲻһԺúô̵ȥѧԺѧϰã
ǰף
ҲԱȰ˵ڼɣ
죡
үӺȻɫµǶʲôѵΪѧԺܲҸǣ¾ôˣԼ˵أ
û
æվͦ˵үүԸһ𣡡
Ϸӣã
үοĴЦţٻЦãǶһۣǴȻһҪȰ˵үӻת⡣
һû˲֪ļѧԺôܹԼĶȥأ
죬˿ȴǿЦãƺүӺ֪һЩʲôڼѧԺĻҲȻΨһӾô˰ɣ

ǿ磬˵ڸô죿
ǿĸϣƲĬȴǶһɫѿ˼㡣
ǿϣŲ豭ɫͬÿ
ɳȥһԪȻûСô˾ĳָһĶ⣬ʹ
Ȼǿδ̫࣬ЦֵܣˣһβУǻһô
´Σߣ´λ֪ҪȵʲôʱȥˣĬ߲ѡ
ǲֵ֪ܴô죿ǿʵ
Ҿ벻ʲôð취ǿ밡
ĬεĵһǶˣһҰСӰˣǣôƫƫԸأ
ֵܣɡ
ǿмɨһĬ漴Цŵ죬ʱעľٶһʲôᣬǱֱǣģֻҪһֶС㲻һģ
ǿ磬˵˲û˵𣿡
Ĭûĵ쵽ʲôһʲôҹùǵע⣬ǾͲˣ
Ȼ֪ʲô
ǿЩ͵ĵǸҿɴ㻹ǷֶС㣬ֱӻϳˣ
ҡ
Ĭ͵ɫһ䣬ǿȴȻЦݵĬļֵܰΪ˰㣡
ףǿ磬ҾǺܲģ
ĬһߵľŭƾʲôҲ򿴿ʲô
Ǿǣ
ǿǻһĻߣЦĸţֵҴ٣첻һҰСӰˣŶˣļ˵Ƕ֣ѵ
ǿĻĬʱ۾һǿ磬˵뿪Ȼڰ·֣

ǿͷְ취һãڶڰ·Ҫֵôˣ
ȻһҺŮˣҾҪȫңĬ˫Ŀ͡
ãô죡
ǿЦŵͷΣ¸Ҿû취˰ֵˣҲ֪ڵʵǲ̫
ǿˣ
ĬͷģĿԣʲô͵ȺϢɣһĺѿ
Ȼ˽취ֵܺúõܣ
ǿЦţ漴ƣĸɴֵŮӽĵ˽ʱĬ۾⣬ֱӱ˶һ㡣
ֵܣǸרŸ׼ģ
ǿ˵䣬ŮĬߣĵյĶһ̼Ĭĺʱ˲١
ǿ綮ң
ĬЦѣͳǿ˵һ㼱ҴҵŮȥ׼õķ䣬һ㴫󽿴֮
ǹ
ǿҲЩȣʣŮ֣һŮͷһŮ˵˵˳ǿĿӣ㽫ͷȥóǿһˬ֮вֺ
ͬʱǿ˫ָһŮţý֮ڶڴʢϢӯϡ

ʲôҲҪȥ
ָڣȻ˵ҲҪһȥѧԺⲻЦá
ôа
ߵСҸ㣬ҾҪȥҲӦ
ɲҴ𲻴Ӧ¶
Цõ˵㿴ҪȥͲĸϷԣҪȥĻǲĸðҸɱˣ
ߣҲܣҾҪȥְˡ
㣬οɲȥģ
õİʾҲæ˵㿴ѧԺܿģеһжҪԼԷϴ밡Щ⻹дɨ࣬˵⽿ģϰôȥûҪǲǶأ
ǰֶС㣡
Ҳɥ˵˵ЩûãҪϣͲĸͬɣ
ͬ⣡
ɣ컰ɲǣүӴ˹ЦȥϷ˫ͬ


54 ֮ŭ
ۡүү̫ˣ࣡
ү׿ڴӦʱүӱһڣ˷ܲѡ
˵үӣҲʲôְ
ȴǿЦõĵѧԺһû˵ѧԺѣϵѧԺһȥǵøһ𣿡
ϷĻѾ˵ˣԼŰɣ
үЩĵƢ㲻ĻԼҲ͵͵Ĺȥʱ·ϳʲô飬ҿж𣿡

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֮ǰԷʱ򻹷Բѣɲ֪үӵ׺˵ЩʲôȻ˿ĸı̬ȡ
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ȻţȴһֱϲΣգ
쵭ĵڹϵҼ˷棡ϲΣնɱҲ⣡
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ԸԳܣּҵϣѾ㲻ĬƽˣĬͼҪԸļˣѾܵĵߣ
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55 ٻĴ
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56 Ӯ֮ɱ¾ϣ
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ߵߣĵû´Ļ֮ԻĬһȫΪǿĹϵɣΪǿĿ㣿Ҹ㣬ΪöżҲҺĬ֮ķ粨ʱǶżˣ


57 Ӯ֮ɱ¾£
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˲ʱϮգۼȻٽ漴ֻͬʱȻأ鴤˼ºʧȥǵಿλһȭͷСѪĲɺѪ
Դˣҵľȫһ˴
ôܣôôǿ
һĻӶ˳𺧣
һߵٻԼĬͬǲ˼飬Ψȴϣ΢΢ճһߣţ
СĬ㿴˰ɣ
һٻȻҲ֪㵽ΪʲôҪ죡ԺøҹԵ㣬Ҫɱ㣬ҲûپһΣ
֪ˣ֪ˣ
ĬҵĵͷЩ״ε˵ˣҲˣ

Ĭӣͬʱҡҡͷδļ̳Ҳ̫ˡ
ӦҴ͸ɩǷܹһ
ٻȻһ뷨ɫΪ̾
үľƣ
߽ǰ񽣺֡
֪ƣһ죬һҪھ
ЦѣҲгŵóһƿӸת˵㿴ˣô
㣬ôôǿЩ־֮࣬ȴ˫ĿŹ⡣
ǿôԺǿģ
̾ϢһʼҲͻơаĽٵķΡ
ӹñ¡
ʱ˹һһĬ󣬵˵ַˣ֪ʲôԸôûеĻˣŶˣס֮Ķע


58 
ֲִС㣬ȸˣ
˵ͷһվٻѾ˵Ĭת㳯ݳǵķȥ
ߣ˿񽣴ڴڵĹ⣬ǶԼżҵ档
ʱʵѾҫأǷսĵطȴѪӣžʬɢҵţԵЩ
СĬ
ٻĳʹĬһ
㿴˰ɣ죬߸δ죬Ϊ
㿪˰ɣҿȥô㸸׺үү
ٻĻĬɫ԰׵˫ͫԵĿ־塣
ùãҴˣĴˣ
Ĭɥţǲȡ
Ժȥ죡Ҵȣٻʵֺγ𾪣
ǣǣ֪ˣ
߰ɣȥ˵Աߣ̾ϢҡҡͷʲôҲû˵תߡ
ɱűƽߣ˵ʵڵģĸٻ֮Ůĺʧ


ڰ·ϣȻΪʲô֮ǰҪңǲǳǿʹ
ǣǿ磡
Ҫϣע⵽Ŀ⣬ȴѣͷӦǿϲѶ㣬Ѷƺ֮ʲôϵǿҪѵһ٣
Ĭô£ôͳǿһģʵ
Ĭǿʶˣ
˵һϲѶ㣬һϲ㣬Ըģ
Ŷ
ЩЦãּ֮ȫûʲô̫Ĺϵȫְ֮
ˣ˵˵Լɣ
һţһ߻˵˵ǰˣ׷ʲô飬仯˴һ쵽ľ֪£
ҡ
Ļʱɫһ䣬ŨŨİˣȴҡҡͷûʲô
˵Ҳˣֻһ㣬Щֻǰ㵱ǹʹô׳յȥ
쵭ĵöϺͶŲʧ

ûлش𣬺Ϊ֮ǰʻ˵ľ˲ɥʧ˲٣˼䡣
һ˼ŲݳǶȥһ·޻벢ݶǳ֮ʱͣס˽Ų磡
ң
פ㣬Щɻ
ʵΪʵȻҸǿҽһҲû
·ͨʲôҧҧ˵ʱôȥҼҺȱ裿
ã
ͷʾ񽣼ȥаɷӶǱߺһͬżȥ

ԺУһƬڵ洦ɼԣгӯƢĻ㡣
˵һŮ˵ԺӣԻٷְţƫƫ˴ǶסԺ䡣
磬
Ը쵹һ裬ЩԳĵǲǾú֣ΪʲôŮ˵ĵط
ǰйأʵ
ǵģˣˣ
ɬϣûȲ裬ǴڴڵĹžƣ۽ǴžӨ顣
ʱԵޱ
һŮѣϣֺ˸Уһֱ͸ҵʹȴһ¶
϶ϲǳϲүү͸׶ѾˣͬʱҲǶ˻ڣʮ꣬ʮߣ
ĬĬĶŲ豭š
ʱǷǳģҺ϶µģǳ׵ʱһһƬ˭룬һ졭
˵ȭͷյúָܽ׶ѾǶ
һھƺ󣬶żһ죬϶˵һµһ֮±ϲ񣬵ҪǰȥԵǵԺУʱҪ£ûһȥ϶һȥȴԶزˣ
ôˣʵ
ˣҵĻ
棬ĿЩնԼĻ·Ƶģ૵ҹ϶ûұǰȥѰΪǳʱ䣬ɵҵʱ϶Ѫһ
ҽ䱧ڻУ϶ûнʹֻĿң˵û˵꣬Ѿһ
ҽ϶Ƭ£ÿ쿴ЩҾܹо϶һֱߣָоҳ
ḧĻ꣬ᣬ첻һ̾
Ϊֱ
һ֮ˣ
ǵʱ׷ʲô飬϶Ҳɣʵ
ǵģҲˣʱҷȥ飬жżҵǶʱſ飬ר׷ɱɱ϶֣㾭֮ȴûκη֣һ˿ûУ
ǶżڶǵȻʲô鲻𾪵ǣ鲻ʲô˸϶µģһУǺȻֹҴ
Ҳţô飡ԱһֱȥΪ˱𲻱Ҫ鷳ҹװ˴ԴӴ˴䣬ʼԣȴû϶֮κһŮйκη֮£
鵽ʲôʵ
ûһ㣬˵ţֹȥ˴µʱ䣬϶ĳһεʱһӿˣȴ϶ܾ϶ݣû̫
֮Ҽв̽վǻӼпǳٳǿ
˵ݽҧ˫ȭսֱ¶
ǿ
쵹һ£˵֮ôĵȥڳǿߣҲΪ˱𣿡
ǣ
γϵĺʹ죬صͷǰҴϢ󣬱˺ܶӽǿڳǿҷ˽ģҿʼֵƣ֪ε̫ãʲôһֱûеõκʵԵĽչǿյΪȴ˽⡣
ȷǳǿΪʵ
ȷ
ͷȡһȱɫϣǴĳ·˺ģ滹մѾɺԵѪ
϶֮ǰнץŵģ
鲼ϵݵУ˵Ȼûдӳǿҵκһ·鲼ƥ䣬ȴԿ϶˵鲼ϵĵȷȷǴ·ϳģ
£ϺͶŲ֪ô
֪
ҡҡͷǿǳ٣ǶżôȣҲۼ
ɱ˳ǿʵ
ǣҺ޲ȥÿ뵽һҪɱ϶Ϊߣʹ֣һֱ뾡ְ취ҪɱɳǿΪսթûиһ֣
ҧ˵һҪȫİ취ԼΪϧȴүү͸ףǶżң
ԣʱһװܴľޱ䣬һѰһᣬֻȴٳûܵ
컺ԵΪʲôѡպ˵Щ
Ϊң
̧죬еĵ磬֪ݿ϶ûô򵥣ԸұҪҵҲԥĽ㣡


59 
һʱ䣬ԺУհ
쾲ĬǶǿе졣
磬㣡
ֻҪӦұ𣬲ҪʲôҶԸ⣡
ϵ˵ţͲûˡ
Ȼȴüͷһδ

˺һ쳤³һ˵϶İˣôĳҪȥ
ҡ
ЩԳҡҡͷ˵꣬㵭ļ֪ûǸʵû´Ļ³ǿ߶һֱ԰ɣ
ǵģ
ͷӦ³ǿ˯ʱ˶⣡ǿԼ龳أʱԲ죡
Ҳܰ㱨𣬵ȴһ֮
һ֮磬ʲô˼̸ֳһĨϣ
ҺҪˣ
컺ӱʮ겻ԸĻһ߰ɣ
ߣȥĶ㶡
ѧԺ
΢΢һЦŬұ֤ܹɱǿʵȻҲҪڳҲֵǰ£
ڲ龳أѵͻ죿Щš
Ͼ֪ж˶龳ؿ޷˻ȥʮ㣬ɲöɡ
㵽ʱ֪ˣ
ûлش𣬵ļҪˣԸȥĻʱ޷ؼңʱ
ҡ
죬Щԥ
ǺΣգǿһţ˭֪ڵ׻ᷢʲô
˵ǶżҵĶ磬Լүү͸׻Ըô
Ҹһ˼ʱ䣡
ȥմʱ˱¥ңסʱ㵣ĶϺͶŲӦôͺ˵ȥģ
˵꣬ѾʧԺſڣ¶һǣþδ

ž
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ܵļŮ׷ĵͷС
ٻǸ쵽Ǻ
˵һü뻨׵ߣΪǲϳҼ֮ͬٻĸףҲĬүү
˿̣Ĭڵϣٻվߣ֮ǰĬң㽫ڶڵһ鶼һһʮĽ˳Ϳɱ֮˵¶޾ϸ
ףΪأҲĪ
ٻ˵ǲ鵽ģֻ֪ڼʧ꣡٣ȫ֪
ͷ˵ʲôүʵ
ûʲôֻ˵ᱣ֤İȫ
Ȼɱô죬߸ضԳΪˣ죬ĸ
үŭ죡
κһ壬ֶʮġ
ȴһζüʧν
ףŭ
һԣΪҼ³˵ϼȻ˿أضмΪ򵥵ݣȰԿļпң
֮ǸõΣ
ȻѾģôǱ㰴նԼ
»˵ҪץҲسŵİѱڽ飬ȽȻһ뱻
СĬ𣿡
үӳĬ˵ӽԺڼУû׼뿪Ű벽
ǣүү֪
Ĭڻ˵ʲôѾͿ񽣵ɱֶŻˡ
ףһ£
ٻ뵽ʲôڵ˵ҪȥѧԺʦ
ѧԺ
ү㶣ǸѾûļѧԺôȥ
˵ʦΪ
ʦʦʲôˣ
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ٻһ֪үúֱɡ
£㼴ˣȫȥ̽飬СʱҲҪ֪һүӷԸ
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ףҪ·϶ֲУ
ٻҡͷһҲǽܳ£
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̾ҡҡͷӻϲģټʮϲ⹫Ҳмӣɱͬʱ˵ǽǾͲˡ
ףѧԺʲôʵ
ҲǺ
үҡͷ˵ұϾҵңЩв磡ֻ֪ѧԺȻûˣȴȻûô򵥣
ҪǽСĬҲȥѧԺѧϰºȻ˵
磬ʲô˼
ٻüСĬѾ˵ˣȥͬһѧԺ񲻻ΣգңѧԺǷʲô飬Ҳȣ
ãļû˵СĬȥѧԺ
ЦŵײǺѧԺԺйһô˵ɲԽСĬ͵ѧԺȥãҲСĬȱܱܷͷ
ףأ
ԣ
үӵͷھѧԺһȵҲԶˣҿȥϵһ£
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µͷԵѾĬ鰲źˡ
Ƿ棬һе˵˵裬ǲǵģ
µӿ˶˸ĺ⣬ٻ˵ʲôȴʲôû˵

磬ˣ
ڶһ磬Ժг緹ʱ򣬶ڻƵĴ˽
ԷûûԵĻһ³Ե㣡ָűϵĵ˵
ãҲˣ
ڴڵĳţҲû˵һֱ緹Թ˲죬ŵѾͷڶŸû°ɣ
Ǻǡûأܹԣܵүү͸׵ϲЦŵ
Ǿͺã
ͷʵôһ죬ô
ˣҺһȥɫһ࣬׵
ˣ
ǻһĨаЦ˵ģأҿɲϣһʱܷڵˣ
ˣһҪ˸϶𣡡Ǽᶨ·֮ǰʶȫһˡ
ܺã
ЦˣȻˣǾôˣȥʰһ£ǳŶˣͬеĻ
֪ˣ
ͷ漴ֵ磬үү˵ҪߣȥԶٷ
ʲôʱ򣿡
ϣ˵ǵУ
аɣͶ˵׼ʱ
УˣһȥǿǱһˣ
ţԼһЩ⣬Һһ㣬óǿɣ
İɣ׵ģ
Ӧһ漴뿪ԺӣȴĿңңʣԺЩӵĲ֪Щʲôþδ


60 ǰ
ְְ֣֡ˣ
ʱ֣ոż֮ʱһСɵӰ˳գۼСӱѾ첱ϣСţԵޱȿɰ
СӣְҲŶ
ϿһڣСӿЦͣ
ˣ˶׼ˣϯɣҶԳӭӵڱϻжλżҼɴ˿Կż¶ӡ
ǺǣϿˣ
ЦЦͶϣӲУ˿Ҳֵĸں棬ȫһ˵ӵģ
Ͼ˶ӣ˭Ҳұ֤ż֮оûгҵˡ
ôͲһʱ䣿ҲǺúõддλϣЦŵ
ȥҶҪ᲻ˣ
쿪Ц˵˵ˣʱ䣬Ҳ˲ٵ飡ԼǸƵģǺǡ
㰡
ЦҡҡͷҲûٶ˵ʲôһԴ
һٷһʱ컳вΪϺϵգСӣҪôȥСԺС椣ǾͲɰŶ
Ų᳤أ
˿ΪЦţСʱʱıͣЦϡ
ֶСһȥϣչˣ˵ѧԺҲҪһЩˣСͨĻϽҼ£˵
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ͷһ۶ʵʲĻӦܹɹȥģ⣬꣬ǲܻͶˣϣλҪúõչԼ
˵ˣֻҪСܹɲţʮ꣬ҲȵЦŵ
ˣϣҲӦôҪչ˰ɣתԶү˵
ǰټһЩͻۣͻӦò⣡ʮ˵
̫ˣһɹԪôżڲݳǵĵλضˮǴߣ
ҲǺܿĵĵֻǶүӣˣͻ֮ȥһͷӣѾ˵˵ģ
ģһûе֢ĵز
үӵͷȻ֪ʦΪʲôҲضǻ£

ү
Ӷż뿪챧ص¥ԺУѵȺڴ˵ĿԼľаɷӶˡ
ʱаɷӶѾʽΪӶţٶȲν졣
ڼ䣬ֵһ˵ıǣΪ֮ƳҲɹƿ˲ݳǵӶᣬһ֪ǵʲôֶΣǽʵ⣬һֱӶܲǱ߶ûµִ¹
ڻƳЭ£аɷӶܹѡʺϵ񣬿˵аɷӶܹĿٷչƳǷֲġ
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컷ˣ΢΢ЦŵҾҪˣľӽԺаɷӶߣпܵĻڲѡһפأͬʱչϣܹ֮·ߵĸԶ
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콫׼õֽŵݵľУʵֽϲûκ֣еֻһĽָǵ£ĿԿһа֡
⣬캣аݵı־
ǣү
⣬ҺúտһʲôĻϵ񽣣
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ŶˣЩ
˵䣬Ǽֽ֣д֣һЩͼ
ֵؼ
쵭ĵҽľ֮κһͻ󣬱ѡһֽȻϣܹסһ㣬ܸǵģͬҲʱջҲ뿴еκ˸ұѱ٣ô
ֵؼô˳ֱڳ֮˼ѡ
ȻĻľڵ˶׷׳ȥЧү
ܺãȥɣϣܹڼѧԺӶŵֵ
үµȸǣ
ֵؼľ˹ȥ
񽣣ôʵ
ܲľ²ܹͻ죡
񽣵ͷ˵ʱһֱѵǣÿһܳԿͣЩ㣬ܹͨʮֲټүǵĹò˼ʱ䣬½ϱаɷһϯ֮ˣ
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ͷҴаɷΪԼϾܷ¶ͷӵ캣󣡴ԼХұֻаɷˣǡϣʧ
еĴ磬Ȼָ캣ˣХǹһ֯

СС
ʱǴֵ˽漴첽룬Цø
СѾͷƬӣý
֮ڿһɲǣ˫ĿŹ˹һײϣֳץȥ
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æȥԺӲϱܣ׷ᣬһĽţ⾲׵ҹɫԵǰ
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ڰ֣ôˣ˵ټϵô
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˵һ٣磬ʵʣǶǲҪһ𣿡
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ͷ漴ĵǸйµˣ뿪ˣͨͬ⣬ҿԽĹº˵˵ڴ֮ǰұҪ㣬ҲͶ֮䵽׷ʲôԹϣǻΪѣô
ģҲǲ֮ˣ
Ȼ֪Ͷ֮䵽ΪʲôˣȴףòĻ
磬Ǵ
ѽְ֣
ʱԱߴ˹СڲϵȦȴδ٣ֻצļ׷ɱţֱǻһ㣬϶ֳһĨεЦݡ
ˣ磬м飡
˵ȴЩԥ쿴Цˣʲô¾Ȼλүԥֱ˵ɣ

Цһ£ԥջҧҾ˾ʵһˣĬ֮顭
˵˾˴Ҳ˫΢еĵ
ǵҲһֻֿܣ㻹ҪһЩѵ
Ǻǡ֪ˣ
ͷܹ˵ݶѾܲˣȴǰԳ
ңһҵ𲽵ļ壬ʵڱƵüˣǾ͹ֲĺˡ
ձҪǰѧԺϣҵ˲Լ
ĲӼʱ䣡


61 ·Խ
챧񽣸࣬߻в϶ŪԼˣֻ֮Щ졣
ʵں棬ԶϳӵܵΪʲôὫһͬѧԺ
ʱȴһֿȥʮģĴĿ⣬⣬ֻϴŨŨĳ
һΣǰѧԺеһ㣡
ףҪԼȥΨвиŬ˵ĿѾ˲ˣ
СѾͷƬӣ㿴ʲô
ϣ֪ӺδóһȿһСڣ̵ĳ˻Ρ
СҲУ
СһżҸ׼ļȱ˳ʱԱƲߣôǸأ
ŵĻţ
쵽ǰҲŵ˵ȷŨӱضǾһ๦
٣ҪȶżҵļһЩ
Сᣬ¶һĨСֱ㳯Ǽץȥȴץ˸ա
СѾͷƬӣôЦţģǻǸ꣬ԵĲ⡣
룡
ԹԵĵ˵ͷС͵㣬͸ҧһںòһСڣ
˵䣬ССıȻһ£ʾһСǶôС
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׼
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һҪ
ܿһȣٴγ֡

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ˣ
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ߣȥ
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ĸˣΧһˡ
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ڨڨһЦʱȴĿһȵ񽣣ˣսپ
ϣүͿðɣ
񽣴ЦţǳԼ֮ˣ͵ĳؽǿһӣǱƽǰʱޱȿֲ±˿ȥҲڵأǻڴǳһѪ˿ڡ
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ǰ׳գôҲΪԼĸ龳֮˵Ķ֣
˿̣ΧԽˣҲ漴ԥĳˡ
ܣү˵ˣҪ
񽣴һɣƨЩ׸һԾº㳯׷ɱȥ
ৡ
ؽٻ裬һâϮٴӡ֤˿ʵ
Ψĵ죬γԪ󣬲ܹԶĹϮ罣â
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ԽһƨڵϣڴڵĴŴɫ԰ףһ˿Ѫɫ
Խû°ɣ
æǰԽȴһ㶣ǡô
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ԽҲ˵˫ۣ˿ɱ֮Ŀ񽣣Ҳ±ؽ˹ǣƥ
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ĸ龳ϵˣô׵ıɱκεֿ֮
⣬Ҳһܹİɣ
뽫񽣽ʿڵʲôĹ죡
磬ڲǣ
һֱû˵ĶĿˣǻҪ뿪¸ڵˣ
УԽڻָ˵
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ԽʱҲ˫ۣ˵ҪΪҶǣ
Խ˵ʲôأˣ㣬Ҳ죡Ҫߣ
Խһߣ
һ£˵ƻָȥĶȥҲ㣬Σ
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Խȴʮֲ⣬֮ǰδУΪּҵһĻŻԵǰ졣
ԽҵĴ磬죡
͵үү͸׶ʮӣİɣһ뿪˵
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ԽҲŤ֮ˣӦһ󣬱Ĳºһ뿪˴˴
УҲԽǰһЩ齲˳ȫĽ飬˶Խһ˿
ڣԽΪʲôᱻ֮ΧɱûнͣҲûʡ


62 
ʲôѶҲҪˣ
ݶָڣἰҲҪ뿪ʱĸٻʱǲᡣ
ߣүȴǵѶ˵ʦѾˣ
СһΪʦȻʵԾ龳أȴ־˵ܳܣҲΪʲôּܹӵнΪλԭ
ʦүҲֻѡ
֪ʵݣԵüΪأΨһܹ֪ģȴǴʮǿӦҲǵԪǿߣпԪʥ򡭡
ߣѩ÷ŮҲһֱߣȻȲѣȴҲ˲ٵĶ˵һЩС㣬¶ȲŮ
ƿصּ꣬ҲǾʦһЩ򵥵̣ܹӵʵ
֮ܶһ仰ѵʦһΪ֪ǿߣ
ǵģүү
үӵʻѵͷʵʦǰѾˣֻ˵Ҫ죬ʶڲݳͣգգұҪʦǱޣȡܹһͻ죡
ѩ÷ҲҪһôٻʵ
ǵģ
ѵͷСһ𳤴Ҳʦϲ
ǿɲһʦ𣿡ٻ̽Եĵܲĸ׵Ķûɣ

ԶʱЩԥүȴüָ˵ܼģ
ңԣ
ȻʱһŮȻ漴һɫȹŮӻ룬ϴСһ߽ȴһԵӣ¾үǵԪڵʵĵ׶˿˿ѹ֮У
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үӶʱģµ˵ʵΪԵʣҲһʱжϳݣѵʦ
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ĻǺͻڶˣ
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Сӣ㲻ҪҪȻүеĽɲǳصģ
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ǻһаЦѲĽܹԻģ

ʱ䣬仰ЦСűظЦСû뵽㾹ȻĬأЦˣ
Сӣ
⼸֪ԼϷŪˣŭʢǲɷ˵ı㳯ٽȥ
ү
мܴ򣬿κˡ
̲ǰǰὣսٷȺҿүүһ


63 ׳
龳֮ˣֱѽǴ򷢣ûһ㡣
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˿̵⼸ˣ񽣵Ŀ񿴹һڵϵ岻ȥ
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оԼĮˣʱҸ㣬һ춼ҵģһֻ֪Ҳү㻳ǸֻǸ׳հˣ׳գ㶮ô
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Ҹ㴵ԹԵŶ
ͬĸһչƣ᲻
ޣޣҲʹˣĲʹˣ
ΪϵˮŬһܼǿģʱһЦٻʢʱͽıڵķУһᡣ


64 һ
㣬һذɣǼҴүϲϹϱˣ
´Σ´һǷǮȫϣ
һ˽֮ʱԽ˵ҪԼжԭûʣԽӡ˵ʵڵĲôãȻԸ뿪Ǿ뿪ǡ
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65 ׳ձ
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һ̣Ž쵱Ĵ磬֮ǰԴԸм
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ԥŵֻǣԺҪһ뿪ӣأ
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ԥ˵Ǵ֪¶˺Ͷүǲô뿪ģ⣬үѾûˣҵүҲˣ
ңƺеҰ
΢΢üɣӣȥ˵һ˵һȥǲͬ⣬ʹͬ⣡ñ۸ôˣҲʱûˣ
лл磡
Ĳ֪˵ʲôĶǸж
ǺãǾˣȥҵطסأһٹ
ҪκԼʵûסĵطŽ˳ȥ
ʱŻȻûԾˡ
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үĺܺãò˶ãͿȫָˣ
ţ¶δЦݣǰǰˡ

ʲôҪߣ
ڶһ磬ȥҵˣκء
κ˵׼뿪֮ʱʱȵվȴԵϲɫ
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ͷ˵˵׼үȥѰƵķҲҪŴүһȥ
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ˣү˵ˣʱ뿪ôЩżĵ
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κҡҡͷЦ˰ɣ
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׼˵ʲôȴվ˳Եַˣǰɣ˲˵㵽ôܷ뿪
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κЦ˵ʲôףʵɣΪҶѡең뿪
Ǻǣң֪ӺʮɣͿʼ׼ˣĿǵĻĺԶţ
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æ磬㲻Ҫ嶯ֵôģ
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С֣˵㲻ùܣҵҪһּʲôʸñߣһң
ĻＫΪּҶСķ緶ţκҲʱ˫ĿһݣɵʵλС㲻֪˭ɷ֪
ôʲô
ֱϵûôǳǧƽΪֻ˵ͬͬɣ
λС㣬вң
κصɫҲ漴Ȼ֪ǵʲôּҵ£
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쵱Ц㲻ּȢһ۵λûλּҴүߣңƾʲôּң
㡭
κرûðɣһĻȴǺܿ콫ŭȥߵƾּҵһ񣡡
ҵҲʣּȥ˺δ
Цˣ˵ּǰ㲻ٳ棬ǺǡѲǶ㰵ЩʲôֶΣ
㣬Ҫ
κɫ˲䣬Ȼʱ洫һ󼱴ٵĽŲôҸ㣬㶼ҪǸŪң
˻֣˲ǽһ˻С
첽룬ȴĿһϣҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣһһİֱ˦ϣٵӣҲģ


66 Ųţң
Ҵң㾹ȻҴң
һһָ죬ŭѡ
㣿
˫кâ˸ٸҶ˵һ䣬Ųű˺ĳ죿
㡭
˵ʲôĿɲǣ嵱һȫסˡ
ӣЩ˰ɣ
ʱκ˹ôҲңòҪ̫ˣ
ұ𰡣ҪɱСӣ
κصĳ棬һκߣ˵
ɱң
Ͷ䣬Ц˵ɱô
ҡô
Ӷκ󣬵СӣҸ㣬챾үҪÿ
һʮĺӣģ֮ݳڵ競Ҫźֱܶ࣬Цϣɴ˱Կκƽô簮ˡ
ԹԵȵȥ
κصɫͬÿļ˵
ҲҾͲ
ҡͷݺݵضҪۿСȥҪȥ
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κ컹Ȱ˵ʱȴĿˣˣôǧˣ˲Ҫ̫̰ģ㲻ֻּһҰˣԼݣ
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κƣ漴ʱ˷ܳʮӰһֳֵɫơ
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ɨһǣ΢΢ճһߣаЦʮ㡣
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ٴ˳Ŀ漴ſƵģɵ¶һĨЦŮˣҪҲһҰɣұ֤ġ
žһ˵꣬һһϳղʮֶԳƵʺָӡ
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κصĻʮ˾ŵ˽
һզզģΨ˲֪ԼƵġ
ʱκǣ˵˺棬ĿǱ
ߣȥһߣúõĽѵѵЩһ
˵ţ§κصߵһ£Ȼȴǵǵĵ㣬ôöأ
ģ˵Щ߹һǿϷͺã
Ц˵ĴԱ߶˹һЩˮһŸ󣬱翴ϷһԹԵĳţɲѡ
ɣȴȾɵ÷˲ٵĵǣһߵκأĿȻǱˡ
ȻҶ֣Ǿͱֱˣ
ǻһĻߣЩʵǿĲ龳ضѣȫܶȥʲôΣա
ৡ
ȻٶԭصȺнһգ۵Ĺ漴һʹһ˱ȫûκεֿ֮ıץס˸첲΢һŤɲǣѵ
ɱ
ʮУ֪˭һǷ˷ܼһ㣬һĳȥ
ء
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ţаЦƾٶʵǿеʮߣһʹϡ
Ӵˣٶøȱ첲ȵ³
ء
䡭
ԽԽ죬Χ˱˵ˣ·á
⣬ֱٴ۸

һߣĿĹâ
УһСߺߣ
һǵЦȴǰԡ
ת˼£յߣЦ㣬òϲɣɩô
Сӣ˵ʲôأôϲСߣһۣСӣҪٸҺ˵СĽʰ

һЦûٶ˵ʲôȴŽ
ĵһۣתͷȥȴһĨãѵԼϲСˣ

ʱһҽȻתͷץһ˵ĸ첲ԴΪʼ
нӽˣ˸ֱײɿȥڲʱ䣬ʮ˱ķ֮ĲҺأикЩȻʧȥ
ʮǿ˹һǲǰһг⡣
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κͬɴ˫ۣŵĿ죡
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ɫһȵңǱٿǣǾͶȥ
˵䣬ƷӶЩ;˵ˣһܵĴ̼еĵڵϣԥתܡ
ܰ
һĲ˻Щɥ֮Ȯһӱǳ뿪ˡ
˿̣ȴܿתͷĿκĸϡ
κأ㻹ʲô;ʹɣ
ޱ˵ٵҲ뿴һֱ۸ӵˣʲô
죬㣬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
κǿŵҸ㣬ּҵˣҲҪּңߣ
ô
쵹ǷЦˣҲ֪ʲôֹң
죬㡭
κһ俪ڣȻҲ֪㵽ǴðģҸ㣬Ҹǻ֮ˣñʶȤھŹģ
ǻڣ
ԣȴ΢΢ü
ƺ뿪֮⻢ھͺѲ˸ϵ
֮ǰԽȻɱǼˣٽűҶˡ
ô£
ģκػΪˣ˵죬뿪ҿԱ֤̣ǣҪ£
СѲˣ
ȴԱ˵㻹㲻ˣߣýС㣡
ǲˣҪԣ
Ʋһ䣬漴֮ǰתͷκ˵κأΪĻˣǧңŲűٽձңҵҪж


67 κصЭɱ
˵䣬ɱԥļӣֻɲǼ·ܵ¶½ȣκĸֱֱ
Ҫ˵ɱôȣ
ң
ܴǷƽʱһ˵Ļκֻᵱ˵⻰˴Ǹɵӣɱ£κȴ˿һɡ
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㣬ʲô˼
˼ܼ򵥣÷ôҲּҴүɣ
ޱĵЩĸӶ˺ָô
ҡҡ
κɫѿ˼㣬ȴǼæЦ˵öԣЩ궼ƺҪھȥ븽ĴΪΣͬʱúõչǣ
˰ɣ
ƳһŮˣͲҪװģˣ֪Ƶĳմ֢֮¸βˣΪٲ֪С˼µ뿪ֽѽܵһУٱǧĻϰɣ
˵ЦˣСңκЦѡ
ˣϻ˵ˣҪƺߣ㻹ʲôô˻֣ĵ
ûУûУ
κﻹǿ
ˣղ˵ǣô׼óЦ
ԣԣȥãȥã
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ЦЦ˵ţʱκɫһ䣬æЦŵͷҴҵ뿪ˣһǻȴҲ֮ǰŰ衣
κرıȴһͬ뿪˾ҵĴ󲿷ּҲƣܹסĻȴòͷ
ʮӺκؿ첽˻
ӣˣ
κؽеݵǰȴҲûֻǽӹݵУӣ㿴ǲǣǵƤ
лл磡
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һǧǻƽ𣿡
ɵñסˡ
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κؼæڨЦţǧ
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˻һʱκɫ䣬æСˣƽΣӣС㣬Ǽľֻôˣٶ࣬Ҳòˣ

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Ȼȴһק˹ϣûĵⲻҪײҪҸ㰡Ǯɱˣ˵㻹Ҫչƣѵ㻹ȥô
⡭
Լ˵ʲôҲҪἰƣȴԥˡ
ǰӣŰɣȻ˵㣬ôҲһʱˣʲôˣҪûУǮһóģҲ֮˵
ţлл磬лл㣡
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ֶˣ㲻ںͼ׷ɱǰɣͻأתͷ۳κʵ
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κؼæҡԴڵĵôģҲûȥܣӻֱһͬ뿪ˡ
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İɣһǺùϣұȥϵ˾ˣֻҪ˾˳֣Ǳɣ
κ˵ţ·𿴵ǰͷĵӣϸֳһĨ̵Цݡ
԰˾ˡ
Ҳ漴۾һУ˾ģ

˵С㲻ôĵ˰
뿪죬Ʋ㲻ӦֱӽĸѵΪĻ᲻ǣ
ǺǣҲҪʵģߣҲǵ÷ָ֮Լ𣡡쵭ȻһЦ
硭
ʱפ㣬תͷĿ졣
ôˣ
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⻰ſĵЦˣȻɫЩ԰ףЦȴǰ
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ԭض˶ţſ첽ϣһߴߴզզ˵ͣʱʱЦſǣǹճһϷʵĻߡ
˿̣ɵ˼㡣


68 Ӷ
պ뿪·ˡ
ΣԭеǼˣˡ
ͬСһΪչ컹רһǿ³˳
ڣչƣϷ󻶿Ц죬񽣣ԼݳЦ档
ò˵ɰʮϲȴһ·ʱüͷʱ˼ѣȻһصģ
֮ǰ쵽ȥκ֮ʱÿ͵͵ǱѰټȴƺѾʧһ㣬ѰҸ鶼ûҵֻ޹
֮ԻͣգΪıǴ̽ϢյõĽʮ֮˾ѾһĲѣȴҲ޿κΣպ뿪򣬼ǰѧԺ
Ƶ飬ҲõȵѧԺٺˣ֪ͨͷӡ
磬ʲôһ߼һɻʵ
϶Ƶ飡شһԵĶֱƲص
ұʹߣСӣҸ㣬̫ˣŲү㣿۵
ߺߣ˭˭һأ
ٴƲ죬һ·ԣڽǲϣȴδĳ֣Ҳһ﷽ʽɡ
ǣڶʱڲݶڵ竣ЩߣΪû˵ڶĹҲ֪򣬹ʶҲԽö߶Щı
ֿ֮ڽԵ飬ٶЩòٵľ衣
ˣˣ
ڰ֣˵˵ĲҵȷڵƣƵ⣬ôһǵһԼûаսκãֻϵҵʦ𣡡
ʦ𣿿϶ɣѵԪĸ֣˫ĿŹĵ
ǺǡԪ
ЦЦδ˵
ϼһΪ캣ֻԪô캣ô
ֻǣڻԪ½֪ߴʥǿУƺûͷӵš
첻ҡҡͷڻɣϿ¸ֹ߸ʥǿߣֻ࣬ǲ֪ˡ

һһѾ뿪ҲΪԵٶȽһЩ
ǰһɽڣɽ¸ߴףмΨһԼʮ׵ͨͨУڸʵɽ£չԵ˲١
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Ц˵ݴϹʱڣ˴һƬɽٴδ򶷣Ϣһɽ泤ףƧһľۣ
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ʼ磬صͷڲ֪ǷڣϹʱڿ϶еģ
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磬֪ͷ飬ĵý˵˵ڴĵ
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ڿ񽣣ԹԵĺžƣ·˴ܳԷ֮⣬ҲֻƲܹȤˡ
ðɣһ˵Ҳǣ
ЦЦ˵Ϲʱڣǿʥʥ֮ϻд˵еǷǾͲ֪ˣ֮⣬ȺͷеٮٮߣԳƵǰ
壬һʥǿߣޱȿֲϢʥǿ߶ֱ棡һֱסصϣûǵûܹҵǣϹʱڻһǿߣΪʿ˼壬ǽշʵɲһһڶô򵥣ʿȫ˵վ۷Ĵڣ
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ĽͶ˶ˡ
ʱٴοڵ磬Ȼôǿôܻʧأ
Ϊʮѣ
Ц˵Ļںܳұͺ٣Ϲʱڣ徭һޱ䣬ŵʱ䳤гʧǲģҲͲ֪ˣ

죬ȴǲ֪˵á
ٴһЦҲһ˵һãϾϹʱھѾԶˣͲ˵Ҳδ֪
վס·ԣҿҪӴ˹ȫ
ڴ˿̣Ǽ뿪Ϣ֮ʱܺȻʮˣһʽװֳֵɫΪƣÿ˵ļ϶һͷ

ĴЦιǸǶ˵ˣӦǡԣ·ҿŶ԰
죡үҰô˵ô˵Сëû룬͸Һʹүƨֱӻص
㡭
˫Ŀһȴǵ˵磬ӦӶţ
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ͷЩֱϵͷԿˡ
Ӷŵʵ㲻һ弶ӶţרȴǴҽᣬ·ٵǿоֻΪûפأҲʮֵĽƻʶһֱûжܹĽǣ
Ҫһ㣬ӶʮֵĻѡֶ󣬲֮֮٣Ϊ˺Ķ
΢΢üͷЩӶ֮˵ļƣƺٴȺ򣬷˴Ȼ羰ȴΪƫƧȵõϢԲ˼ĵط
ңǳǿ֮ǰκأ
˫΢еĳǰȥ漴Щ˷ֳУһֳ˫Ĵ˳
λðֵ֣ܶŶˣү鲻ǲֿĻүҿһС˺ŵ˵
ڣ
˫΢УǻһĻߡ
˵֮˴Ӳڣѵǵ֪ˣ
ǰЦѡ
СӣүҲϻͶүֵǿɲǺǵģ󺺵۵ͬʱ˫һģһ򵱹Īơ
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ҡҡͷĵȥɣһŶʲô񽣣øӵļһͽˣŪˣһлҪʣ
õģ磡
ǣү
ӦһϮɿĳȺȥһȭ󺺵Դ
󺺼״Ӧܿ˫񵲣ʱֻһ죬󺺾ͬʱ˼
ǿ
ɫһ䣬ſ񽣻ֻȭԼŵǱؽָΣ
˿̣˵ĺȻ֣ҲܵӶǷ׷ײҺϡ
Ҫ֪˵ʵ龳ȴӵżΪĹ֮ǰЩӶҪúܶ࣬ȻΧһʱҲʲôΣա
죬ϣǰһС
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򿪣Դ˳˫ĿŹĵְ֣мܴȥô
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СС͵Ųʡأ
ƲصҿǺأߺߣ
˰ͣȥһƸȻ߲ѡ
С͵㣬
˭᣿СѾͷƬӣ˵һ飿
㡭ѽְ־С͵۸
ڣŮֲѣЦãʱΧв֪˭һʱкü˳߳˹


69 κȻ
С㲻׼
ӳںȻ˳СѾͷƬӣҿţҲܴ˵ģ
ৡ
ûΣٵܹļǰι漴㿴߰˽أŲϡ

첻Ŀһݣƽʱȥֵģò˵ʵ㲻ʩչҲʮֵ
ٶϽףߵؼˣ
΢΢һЦսȭͷ׼ֵҲ
СǶ
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ʱ⼸Ľ£ҲұƽһôΧԵЩ塣
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УҪҰְֳ֣϶ɱǼˣߵ
ѽСѾͷƬӣǳĺͽԣǰɣ
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һδֳ֣Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ã
ͻأģĿһݣ⧲֮£Ǻ󱳱ŲһĵͬʱȻӭȥۿ޿ɶľҪֱӶ

һԥϣȻֽקϣ漴һһȭ˺俪ͬʱȻųֱԭһתͬ糵һ߳Ӱ漴ֻصļ죬Χļ˱ͬߵķݰ㵹ɶ׹ء

ǿź󱳵ʹ࣬Ҫٴμսš
վס
泤۾ƵģȵúõĴſˣ
ޣ
ԵЩίǹԹԵ
ˮ㳯˶ĵطȥԪ֮£Ͻâ磬ÿһεĻ趼ĳĹ켣ӸͬĵǶϮЩӶȫֵ˵Ľء
ǡҸղõĽ
Ŀһ
ʹóȻһģһͽǶȣгʱ֮ǿࡣ
ûȻǿ֣֮ҪĻǿÿ˵ƿضȣ
һȻ¶ϵǰ̣΢ƫһЩȴյõЧ
һһһ
һߴ򶷣һ۾ţ˫ҲƾôڶƺȫֳѧУʱڳڵҲͷȻҲջ١
ְˣ
żȣ˵ţ鶯۾гŶĳݡ
ʱȴû죬ͬĽѧУһ˫зâ
ɽƵͷϣһḧŪƵͷ¶⼸ʱӲõЦݡ
ַһֱڳ˯״̬ΪıܹõرƵԲЩƲסľˣҲܹʱӰһЩԱڽơ
㣬ôôǿ
ͻأģ˶֮ʱһ𾪵˿񽣶սĴ󺺣ǱֱӴԭ˫Ҳ˵صǣڿ񽣵ȭ£ԽԽľüǷӦѸٵĻѾòˡ
ֵǣ֣쳷
ȻһȭԺ󺺽񽣵ٷˣʱΧͶҲ׷׽˿ʱ̵ѧ֮£ܹȫ˵ļûУÿһٵĴһЩ˺ۣ˵Ҳнһ֮࡭
ܣ
Ŀһݣ֮ӹѸٵʩչֻգۼѾԽϰ׵ľ룬ֱӵΪ״󺺵ǰ
ܣٵͬôպõס󺺵ĲֻҪǰһضᱻ
л˵λүл˵
󺺲ʲôϾԼҪģ
һڵˣȻ·ٵĹ㲻úô
ߵ˵˵ɣʲô֣˭ģңһֻɺϣ
һ仰ֱӴ˴˵Ļ롣
ȷһЩٻôҲᱻҴ
ҡ
죬ܹϤһеĿУʹͷɥĵҽκȻҽӵõϢ˵кܶƱŴģ
κȻãѵκأ
˫΢УЦǺưҲû뵽κؾȻĸ磬ʵӦӶλͰɣ
ǸųκȻص
ų
ͷĵڸ˵˵Ӷŵʵɣ
ʲôκȻ̧ͷ
ϻүʲôʵش𣬲Ȼ㣡ڱϻȭͷһɷģ
ҡ
κȻԥһ£оǳĺȴջʵĽӶŵ˵˳
ӶųΪǣһͷߣΪͷ
ڷ£ųκȻһ˵ʵǰںڣڷԼڵǿߡ
ڣӣÿӶӳʵųӵйȨ
ӶŵңʵȫӶȣΪӶƽղӶΪǵڻֻ弶ӶŰˡ
ͬûй̶פôʵ
ǵģ
κȻʵĵͷȻûй̶פأųӵԼĵ̣ÿͷʱ򣬶ֱӴǣȻͷָʾȥ
˵ͷأ
Ȼ֪ͷ֣ȴδȡߣʶҲ֪ͷ׳ʲôģκȻԵ
ðɣЩҶ֪ˣ
쵭ĵͷ˵˵ĺκذɣ
˵ʲô
ôģ
ֻǺ˵һֻ뿪·Ϣǵıؾ֮·ұڴκȻ
ô򵥣ѵû˵˵ԭ򣿡Щš
ûУ
κȻǼᶨҡҡͷԵ˵ҺκȻãƽﲢʲôû뵽ǵʵôǿˣҪɱҪıɣЩֵܣ

ĬĿʱʱκȻӹ˿κȻʣµʮȴǷ׷׽³ҪκȻ빲ò˵˾ٶΪж
һȻָһһڹգ۱ûκȻﲿλκȻɫһ䣬ʲô


70 
İɣûʲôΣգǰҪ
ʼ磬аЦκȻȴޱĲ
㣬㵽׶ʲôκȻЩʵ
ðɣȻô֪Ǳٱھ͸оһ£
ʼ磬ֵһκȻڣʱ֮κȻֻ·ĳҧƵģĵʹҵ˻˲䵹˵ϣŲֱ
ôζɣ
治ɫĵǱǰĵʱоû֣ȴܲŶֻҪһ²һνҩʹӲĥҹʱȫãȫʬ
ңҡ
κȻ鴤ţ϶Ѫɫף亹ֱһĻ˵
ⱾԼ֪ģ
ʼ磬ٴָһκȻ˲תȻɿȥôǱʹȴѾʧˡ
㣬㵽Ҫʲô
ָ֮κȻԼվΪ塣
ڻûã
ʼ磬ģȸһŽҩʲôɱһ֮ǣ
ȥϵݶϵаɷӶųľ˵Ǳȥģ
˼һڵʲôİţ
ǣӶߡκȻɵ
Ӷڵݣûжľ
쵭ĵ㲻˵һ̶פô˵ӶݶǱ߷չҲûҪھѳӶţô
ӦӶţ
κȻüͷǳɡ
һûǸ˼
ʼ磬Ҫ£һЩԼõĽãֵúãҲⶾ͸㹦
ðɣˣиҪ󡭡κȻ˵
˵
㲻ҪΪã
ԣǰҪң飬ȥԥӦ
Ǻãڿô
ȥɣ
κȻܿʣµ뿪ˣаЦյҲЩջ񡣻ԣõĽõϡ

һҹ䣬ïʢмֻҰտţе͵Σ̵ͣƮŨζ˴Ρ
ǼΧϣƣһЩ㣬Եޱ⡣
ȻʱһӲԶ˹λˣ
ѭȥһʮֿ˹Ŷʮңֳȣ˵
ɣΪ·æû֪ɷǮԵģΪɵĿò˵
Ȼԣ
һЦԵڼҿĸſѣλ̨ĻһǮǮľͲ˵ˣǴҶȱǵǮƣ
ˣлˣ
ɵͷҲľôȻһ˫ȴǾ޵ɨȻûӵܵ࣬ƺĿƵġ
üһûʲôٿڳ
ǺǣʧˣʧˣʵСˣ鲻ѣðһ䣬֪С㷼ҡҡǸ
㲻֪ԣ˾͸ߣüͷ
˵䣬ɴߵһߣ嵲סɵߡ
Ǻǣ̨Ҫ֣
ȡһֻӵݵУЦ죬Щҵֵѣ֪ȥĶ
ԭ֣
ɳ칰˹֣żҸ֪ӺδţѧԺѧʶǰȥμѧԣ˵ܹҾͻ죡ⲻΪҹ·Ψִѧӣ
Ŷԭ
ͷҲûٶʲôкŴһԺȡ
һͷļһһ֪Ǻˣ
ƲƲǲ
⻰˵ĵҲȫɳԶʱʮţϸʹͬŮƵģ񽣿һֻҰõʱȻһ붼ûԵ
ˣ㰡ˣ
Цõҡҡͷ˵򵥣
С
죬Ҳûٶ˵ʲô
ҲԵòˣкһͬȥߣԹԵĳżȣСѾͷκʳﶼȲĺóԡ
֡
ɳһֻҰã־һպߵߡ
£ЦǺǵʵ
ֵŮܿɰֳͷȥȴǱһͷ㿪ɲһ£Цá
˼Щ
ЦЦʲô

ԥһ£Ƴһ˵ˡСðղС㲻֪ļҴҹ㣿ֿɷܽܣ
Ŷ˵ղ˵ܷǸ
Цţһۣɲǰѵһ飿
ǺǡּЦˣ
ڨڨһЦȻȴ£ûõҵȷö˵Ҫ֪ʱ򰡣Ů˸ĸϻģȥǣ
ְ֣Ҳĸϻ𣿡СӺ̧ͷգŴ۾ʵ
ôĸϻأ
СӵͷҵˣĸϻרָЩ׺׵Ůˣ
ޣС͵϶ĸϻˣ
Цѣ⸸ŮȴûһĨ졣
Ůĸϻ
⻹һ
֡
ʾмȣתͷɵѵһ·Σô
ǺǡʲôϰˣСҸȻҳţȴ͵͵ܳȥԵİ£һ֮Ĳؼң
ŶͷҲûٶ˵ʲô
˿̣ȴǺһתʵ֣Ѳϲ˸ղλС㣿㲻Ѿô
˵Цˣ
˵ԼϲɵһæЦŵҺֻ֮Ѷѣ⣬ҲδȢ׳ɻ飬ҲҵŮҿȴǱŮף
ְˣ
Ҳʱ̧ͷС죬һڣֱЦ
ĽɰŮ
ϲĳһۣûκļòŹһУȻȴһֱ˶δκδ𸴣˿ϢҲûй¶
ߣҪСй¶һ㣬ôʰ
ڵʱעߣǻһĨĻߣȻȴǽѡ
㣬϶ϲҴİɣݸЦ
˭ϲˣߣٺ˵СĽʰŶ
ðɺðɣ˵˾ǣԼ˼ֻԼ
ҡҡͷǴһ⣬ҧҧ촽δٶԣֻ͸Ŀ˼ֹ졣
ҹɾȻƤҪһ񣬾Ϣ
һıԼڣСȥǱ˱ѣȻȴĴ۾գѽգģſϣĵְ֣ҾŮ


71 ڤ
ڤ򣬻ǻԪ½һΪĴڣ
ûоԵİûоԵȨΨһĹرʵ
ӵʵںڤӵлʵ۰Ĵ
ÿɱ¾ϣĴʣ
ͬҲзã
ֻҪʵȥκһŮܣ
Ȼʵ㣬ôˣû˻Ϊϧ
ֻҵĵȴʮֵĳ˺ڤԭ֮⣬һ֮ǱǺڤԱʮɽħ޺УΣأȴͬӵˣӶ֮͵Ĵڣ
ʮɽ֮֮ǰ򸽽ɽΣգ
֮˵ɽʮʺʮɽȴʺƴʮɽħĴ˵ɳΪĽ֮һ
ʮĽ·һ˱ڤķΧڡ
û취
ΪǵĿĵؼѧԺںڤԶ˵붫޾ӽ
ĺңü˵
ոڤԵǱڲһʱڼ˺üɱ¼ҪȻ˹սһȴ˷ܲѣûκ˳Ȱ˵
Ļɴ˹Сģһᱣģ
⼸ʱ䣬ǱȳǽƤ£֪֣չҵ׷󣬿ȴÿζûиκκɫ

һɣûĵ˵ˣҲϲͷļһ㿴㣬кᣬûزĻ˭㵱Ů˰ɣ
ǣҡ
ɻ˵ʲôȴֱһ˦ͷߵߣСﲻ˵
˵ʲô΢΢һ
ߣᣡ
ݺݵ첲һ£»صڣģóڵ׷Ц
Цѣȴû˿ʧ
ѾҪ׷ǺƤϾûܹȵˡ
үֱӺᴩƹȥ񽣲ʵ
ƹȥɣڤ̫ңˣ˼һ
ãǰȥ·
񽣵ͷǰ棬ɸŶݳȻֻȴһֱһͬ࣬ʱʱĳȥ޲ܹȥˡ
Ϊ˰ȫѡ·һȷ顣
ƫƫȴһЩβںš
ٺ٣ϴ󣡸ղҿǿˣǳиǶƯúܣ
ûƭң
İɣôƭϴ㣿˵һϴ֮Ǹ缸Ⱥ
ߣҲһʱûúˣȻǽŮ£ֵǺúˬˬ
ϣ
ЩԻ˲δ
ڿ񽣵Ĳ·£һƿһЩطźڤıԵԶļѧԺȥ
˵ѧԺڤԼʮɽȫǳУ·Ҫ໨ѽʱ䣬Ϊ˰ȫȴòô
վסǮƺŮ£
Źȥʱң֮ǰ߰˿ǰǰ
ЩЩңֳֵǹĿ⼫Ϊơ
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ҡҡͷɵȴһĨâȴδ
ڤˣΨһĹرʵ
˫΢е˵֣վСָ֣ܶ
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쵹ҲûоܾɴһԾһӼǰкſ񽣵˺ˣ㹻ʩչռ䡣
Ӵ⾹ȻиС
Ů˰ĿĿǰ漸˷׷״Ц
ҪǴŮװҲǸŮ
Сɱ˹ֿϧģҪҲֵ˳
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һۻ׷׳֣ɶʱɱӣв֪ʱγһâˣһ֪ȻǷ
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Ȼ䣬Ԫӿ໥ʮ׵ľ˲Ϣ֮һǿľ
ã
Ǽɫ˲䣬ôҲ벻һС־˵Ѹݺ
ˣȴѾˡ
гâżΪĺֱӶһ˵ĿڣһѪֱ쭳˱ֱӵͬʱڰŤת˷򣬼˽һһ㳯һ˴ȥ
ˢһɶϵĵڶ˱ɾڸһɲǣгһ佣ֱӴӴ˵Ҳֱ۴룬߹ٴζ࣬ڶ˱ͬ
գۼ䣬
ǳֽǶȣֱ޿ޣ
ţ
˫΢Уɵγ֣ЩϤϸȴδһģһ
ò˵Ȼ龳صʵֵĸȴԿѰ죬һͻ죬ʵ¶дȵ
ʱȼҲЩס
ôһͷļһôǿ

˰ɣǼɺϵĺôǲҪʵҪƽʱɣ
ǣ磡˷׷׵ͷĿתĿɡ
ৡ
ƾѸ٣ټϳֽǶȵĵ죬ʣǼ̱ԭֻһǾಿλ
Щεֿζɶܹץʱ֣Ӷһ
ַȻЩϤȴһʱ֮벻
ɡɡ񡭡
üͷ΢΢ţȻ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬ѵǡɣȴûͷ˵нɵ˰
磬ô˻ЦŵĿȴĳȥǳȻǲϵġ
֮ɣ˿ûΪղɱ˶ȣƺѾɱ¾
ǿ
˴Ĵָ޵ɰǲĻɷҺúõصһֵܣ
Ȼ
ɵҲûоܾĵͷֻҪλҶڣĳЩĻ뼸λ£ʵǼҹɭϣй
ⲻҪ
ЦŵҾǶ׼ɵҪԣҿ㶨Ǿڴ˵ʶд󣡡
ǾûˣЩɶƽԼûĥģǺǣ
Ժֵָ̣ܶ
ǰɹʾ⣬Ҳֻ֮յǽ֮֮ǰԽһЩ
ˣǼ߰ɣ
ЦЦк˼·
ǰУźڤıԵɲǰ·ɲУһͬʲôȴ˸ϳˡ
ְ֡
ʱȻӳڴ˳ҡСѾʵְ֣ǲȥ𣿡


72 ִ֮
ӣԭط磬ںڤ֮ʱʶ֮
һֱطĸоʮأ컹ǵãġаܹɹͻ٣ҲΪطĹ͡
ӱطţһֱƺΪ壡
ͬ񽣱Ϊһ㡣
һ˫鶯Ĵ۾ҡҡͷЦ˵ȥȲȥˣοɲǰ
Ŷ
ЩʧȴܹɵӦһ
ϣֻҪ˵ĻԲᷴԣУְֱΨһģκ˶֮
ˣСӡ
һּݳһͷЦŵֲǲˣ˵ǻҪʱ䣡ôȰٺˣʱԹ
ţ
ô˵´Цݣһں˳ڡ
СѾͷ߽㣬ǸСְ˵ķʲôˣקСš
˵Ұְֻ
ĹĵĵۣС͵ˣ㣬ߺߣ
˺ˣ߽ɣǺ棬ǰࡣ
ߣͲ˵
治˵
ǲ˵˵˵
ǡɱֽҿôʰСѾͷ
˵ű㿪ʼ֣ʱֱЦͣСȴȫӲƿأֻܲϵغš

ЦõһУεҡҡͷ
ﵹҲЩ֡
ǰô󣬿ƫƫԴȴһƵġ
Ҫ֪СӿƺСĶ¶Ķ֣
Ȼ֪ʲôʦͷҲڣԼȴЩ²⣬ֻһֱ֪ôõ֤ˡ
ʼջǵãͷӵһ仰
չ˺Բܳ£ض콵ѣ
һ㣬֤СӵĲ򵥣һֱĽ쵱׶ԴȻƽĶƤȴиܵСӶʶö֮Ľ俴Ůޱ۰

תۣʱȥ
ڼ䣬˲ҪǰٵˣԼ˳ɱڴڼ䣬ԭһֱЩ߶Էƺ໥Ĺ˲٣ȻɻʱʱĶ죬ʵȴѾ֮壡
ֱ̫ˣ
ոڴ˽һҪˣһϵѪգЩĵ磬ǻж೤ʱܵĿĵذôȥҿ¶ֲ˶ˣ
һ͵ˣ
ЦЦָָǰСɽɽԵˣ
ǻã
ͷɺͶһͬ࣬˻Ĺǰ·ֻԼֺһ·Ϊ˶ȴ˿ûиֵĻᣡ
ս˵Ŀ˵ֱһĥ
ڤķΧѾ˹ȥһ˺ܿ촩ԽǰСɽ˼ѧԺķΧ
СɽΪޣѧԺһΪĴڣ
˵ڼѧԺķΧУڤǾġ
֮ʱʵڸоԼвˣѧԺķΧܣܰȫ
ˣ
Сɽ˴ʱ˱Ѿ˼ѧԺſڡ
Ȼǿǰһ֮ʱɫȴȫסˡ
ǰһ֪ĴţưܣӲݴ͸ſԿƶĻŵήݵϢ
磬⡭ǼѧԺǸ½һļѧԺɴ˫ۣЩѵʵ

ͷܹͨѧԣԺǾҪ꣡

Ļ㿴ңģһתߵĳ嶯
⻹һѧԺôֻǱҪ΢һЩ
ڲǱڼôôû
ΧյĻʮֹ죬֮⣬κһӰ
˭֪أ
ʼ磬ǣСֱ㳯ȥ߰ɣǽȥ񽣣չӺ÷򣡡
ǣүף
񽣵ͷӦһ죬Լɼ˻ıӰϣڵɻ˯ŵơ

찡һ˶ߵӲݣЩή˵ľ
Ͽкܳһʱû˰ɣ
Ǳ߾ȻмĹѵô
ѧԺµ·Ϊң˸һüѣӵкܲݵǺʱֳ棿ԼҪ꣬ͲΡ
ףڼˣ
˴ŶʮӣһѭȥǼһü뻨׵ĵĻУӺʱᱻ紵
үμԺԵģȥʲôطܹȥʵ
ʲô˵ʲô̧Щǵ˫ۣʵ
˵Ժʲôط߶䣬΢ظһ顣
ŶԺ԰
βˣָŽ˵

߹˶ɶаͷԣܣǺ˼
ⶼף
ǣ˹ȥЦŵ˼˵ǼԵĵʦ
˵꣬ἸЩĿ⣬쳯߹ϣ겻Ϸɰ
Сӣ
̧ɨһ죬ûĻֵ˼ҹһȥСʦģƨ£
үү˵໰ˣ
һԾǰСһקסº룬׼˵Ұְֻ
ѽСڣҵСڣͱˣ˼ҵĺӾֻʣôˣҪٳû˰϶ʱɥĵ
ҵĴҵĴҲ˵ְֻˣ˰ɣѽСڣſ
ߺߣ˾Ҫϣүүˣû׼ʲôóԵģקŹϵĺӣ
ееģȻҾȥãڹԹԵȷſɣ
Ͽ˵ţЦˣſĺӺ±˹ģ
СӣҪǿôɰŮ˼ҡ
ϳ촵ӵ۵ģɻû˵꣬㿴Ĺĵ죬̽Ļ˻ȥ

һĻЦѣʱҲ׷ЦϵûĵۣЦʲôЦǼСһС˼ҳǣ
ߣȥϵţ
ʱĽһߣ˵ɣĸסˣλǹϣѧԺеĳа㲻ݹҶǲ
ǣ磡
֪ˣС
˷׷׵ͷӦǣܹ𾴵ǻǵһμ¾ǶүүϣҲûʸ
ˣСӣʲô
ϲĳһۣ漴ˣ˵ĸСһһϰɣܹ˼ˣͨԣ򣬴ĶĸҹĶȥ


73 
ϴ˻һǵɫһ
Ա˵ϣҲ˼۸ǣҼǵãǰԺϸмôȴ
Сӣ˼ұ죡˼Ըⲻа
û˵ʱͣӺǣСߵһվûٳˡ
СǣŶһСŮ޶
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ڨЦͷ漴񽣣ͽȥôûУŲ˼ҳСӣ

ЩҲұԹʲô̵˳򣬼ѧԺڲȥƥ˩棬һѧԺС


74 ռ
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콫ĿɫƷֱݵУɫסⶫǧҪܺã
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ط߹ȥлƿң


76 ֻΪ

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ĬͷӵĹأ̵һой
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82 ʼѡ
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ÿڶ˵ò첻ɵһȻ


83 
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ѽѽСҪɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
סԺӽţ˿Ҳ׷ɫһʱ䣬ںܿ㴫һĴ׵ĻԵǰ


84 ߣᣡ
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ιܿڸұߣ㳯ȥʲôϹˣ
㣬ۻˣ
һһϷ֮Խ֣Ȱ˸ѣת۱ʮӹȥٶԽԽһļֱ
ˣˣ
ô·ˣ
ֹȥ˰ʱң˶ͣһͷɥģΡ
Ͳˣ
üǾͲԵ㶫
ʲôԣ㰡
û̧ͷһ죬ŭСǹģ϶ǹģҸ㣬Ĳ㣡
ǲǲô
Ҳ⣬аЦôŸһУ
磬ͱĥˣ
ɥôܺȣ
ڷˣʵ
ǡ
һĬ
üһĵСҪǸǳԵıģȻٺú˯һ
ŶǶ˼һаЦ
ǣ
㿴ңģͬʱͷ
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ĵͷȻھΪͬ˵֮ʱȴһ䣬ЦҵĴ𰸣ȴǡУ
аЦֻϷʵĿھһһӹǲҪ˵ܼ򵥣Ǿǡߣᣡ
úõһĴͰɣ
£ɫͬʱ첻ɷ˵ֱӳˡ
ৡ
μ˸һգۼǾŸͬʱ֣ͬʱˣ
ء
ȭߣߺᣬ伫
һʱ䣬⾲׵Ļ£ҵ˻ֱòԶֶҡڡ

ء
Ѿģ浱Ըǣ
ء
һ˲ǰɣ
ء
һȭһţٶȣ˸޷ȻԼ读ãǱϾŮˣҲչһЩ˾Ͳˣһףͷ¾Ǳ֮Ů˻Ҫμֵɣ˿Ҳ
ʮӣͣ£ôô
Ƿˡ
ȫɥǿħһ㡣
ᣬֱ޷컹רѡĵط֣Ƕһ㣬˵ˣ㶼㲻ȥ
ǰɣ
аЦĿɨˣ˫ָЦҿɲϣǿķŶ
ûУûУ
ķˣ
˽ҡͷﻹ֮
Ȼɥ˵磬Һͷˣﻹôţ

ʼ磬ЦԺǰʩĹأ󲻹ʲôһ겻ɵĻȫܷȻͷҲܼ򵥣ǾǰᣡʮӲУǾʮӵģʱۻģҲҿԺúõչչǣ

⻰ֻû
Ȼ᲻ҪСʹ࣬±֮˸ܰ
һҲˣ
һ˵ʲôǣȥԷɣ֮Ҹݣ죬ֻʱ䣡
֮ڻûܽɾݣǾ͹ֲˣ
ȻǸ͵ϣûͨǡ
Ļû˵꣬евȴþһԸ߰һЩܿˣ
ܿ죬Ļ£˱һĳʯȥŮҲһڴڵĳţ˿ǷʲôŮ緶ˡ
죬Ϳҡҡĳȥ
ҪȥӺ÷أ
ȻʦǸϲļһ


85 ͷӣϹԶ
һӵԺһɽۣƣһɽСĹĿľƣжһĨ׵Ϣ
죬Լ˻Ժſ׼֮ʱȴǴһߵСӣʲôʱôйˣȻҪţɣ
Сͷӣôû
ֱһţԺг˹⣬Ȼһü뻨ףȴߣȻһ£Ȼһơ
ˣʦ캣ϹԶ
ҲǰԵľˣ
˵ûϹԶ;ûĽ죬캣а˴ˣ
Ϲүү
һ˵ϹԶǰ˵žҪȥקĺ롣
ѽ˱ˣ
ϹԶϵҡͷԣһǿЦãе簮ȴǰԡ
үӣ
ҲϵĹ
ͷӣʲôʱ򵽵ģôҴкֵϹԶǰʵ
ȻҲûϵͷʺá
ҪĶȥСѵܣ
ϹԶûһۣȴֱһƲ죬϶͵ܳİɣʦĸأò˼Сʦĸɣ
Сӣ˵ʲôأ
ϹԶٴ۾һɣҸ㣬ʦĸѹңߣŲѾģ
С
һңҾʦĸ״ߣʦĸ첻ϴô죡
㡭
ϹԶòУһСȴǱץȻһʱЦˣ㿴үүҵĺӶҪûˣҪһ£ٳ
ߺߣ˭Ұְ֣ߺߣ
ϹԶһԾ£ĵ컳ϹԶ۵Ϲүүˣ֪۸ְ֣

ЦѣСһڣƳһϹԶͷӣûҵŮǺף´ΣҾȥĺӰι⣬
ǰ
Ա߿ҡͷԣĵ˵ﻹʦͽǲϱгⱲӻ
ߣúСӷϻ
ϹԶСƲƲ죬ԵˣСӣ˵ʱֵͦţƼׯ԰ˣ˲ٵĻƻŮôûŪͽ
Ϊô죿
һͷӣûõģ÷ôˣ㲻Ǻ͹һô
õȼ죡
ᵽ£ϹԶɫҲȻһЩСӵȷʺС˵ĹֻΪԺгľ̫࣬ǱҪһһһҪ˼СӵС
أ
ʵӦʻ԰ɣôͷӣûиŪʦõ뷨
Сӣ
ĻûϹԶش𣬹ϱڱϴӵ۵ĵСӱˣƶҵͽܣ
ôðɣһˣ
һ£ô£ʼ磬ɹľô˭ţ
Сӣ˵ͱ̲СŮ޹һˣϹԶʵ
ʲôãò
ûĵͷӣʲô
ãСӣ϶֪ʲôֶƭˣΪҲ֪Сӵ
Сүһ򴿽Ҫ˵˭Ȳϲģ
СӣҴ򣿡
һ쵽֪ʦ۸ˣߣСүú˷ϻ
ƲƲ죬ϹԶ׼˵ʲôȴˮĴ۾кܿˡ
ϣ³ʦĸ֮⣬ֻϹԶƿˡ

磿ôˣ
ԺУϹԶ˵֮ʱĴһ䷿˳
էȥԶԶҪǰ˼鶯ԭ׵Сϴ˿Ҳǰ͸죬ȻǹòҲܺã
Сùá
һ˹ȥǣС֣ĵĿֱЦˣ
ùҲ㣡
漴ĳϹԶϴкŹɵһߡ
ÿɻðЦʵ
ţһкܺãλүӶǺˣм˵
δ÷ôʵ
ãϻָ˲أλүڣָܻܿˣ΢Ӧ
Ǿ̫ˣԺƾͰĵס
ţлл磡
ĸоҸ
ȻǰҵӲҲ̶ãѾ磬λ磬˹ΪʦؽСڵӻԽԽã
ԽԽô
ɽԺд˽һʱ䣬챾׼ţȴϹԶһ䡮ҪץʱΪơɽȥ
İ
صԼԺӣȾǧĿӣݵΣֻûЩеĵۡ
ҹɫ𽥻谵Ȼռڣȴаҹ֣֮ȫһ¡
С
ʱҧ촽ߵߣƺһզզӣŮ˲١
ôˣ£ҡϣԱ߰һЩˮ㣬һȲ裬ʱʱĺһСڣܡ
Ҷˣ
˵ţӳЩˮȥ
ôǹʲô£ѾǳԷˣ
˿̵Ǹ̨㣬òУɴִ򲻹ѵҴʳﲻɣ
죬磬ү
壬鲻ԽĴһ˵ֶС㣬ɱңôˣԴˮˣǾң
СҴ򰡣
ʱòУ˲ָԸ
Ŷ
췴һһΪ˭ռֶСأղ˵ˣ
ţ
ǿеŭҧ죬Ҳδ̫ĥ˰ɣЩ̫ѿˣýݣֲǳԶǲɣ
ѿ
վҾòѣ㿴ԺӣҼǵõֻ˲һʱȫˣô
ϻǺôȣ
ûĵ֮һ춼ûУÿҪȫȥܿһȱڣ
أ
ûлشĻǳʵǶΪĺѣ
ǣ˺ԥĵͷǲͷĺˮɥ磬ֱҪǵֱڣǲŽһݣһôҪĽǾŸҪ
Լ
ɫһߵ˭˵ЩӺѿˣ
˵ţ˹ȥ͵͵ץһѸ㣬ֻûδֹ
㶫˵ѣ治֪ƽʱôģ
ɨˣ۾ţֻһΣ
˵꣬㽫Լʵά龳ңùеĳ˫ۣƬ˲䰲˫Ŀⶼˢˢķϡ
ৡ
ꡭ
Ƭ̼䣬ȻһӣһǰһӦ
һĻڳ˶סΪ졣


86 ֮
һƬǸӵص⣬
콫ֱ㳯Ժȥ
ôҲԼһС
һҹľȫ֤ЩӺѿղ׾ٵĶȴǵ뷨ơ
ôģ
٣ǿȷ˵ȷֻó൱龳ص˵ҪһЩ
ȻȡЧȴȫͬ
ߣȥʣ
Ƚùˮָ˺һγȥ
㿴ңģջǽ󡭡
С죬㵽ôģ
ԭСţܿĿڣҲһĨֺõЦݡ
ǰ磬ͺ˵˵£ҲϣϴϢɣЦ
֪
һȲ裬˷׷׿ٵͷԸ߰ܿҲˣ֪
ҡΪʲôҪǣ
εĿ£Ϸʣ˵Ļûһͷڵϡ
죬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ʵ̲סצҪȥҺбϵסǶĲ֪Ҫʲô
磬ҵ簡
һһЦڿǼĵʦѲôǣ
ʦ
⻰쵹ЦˣǵʦΪʲôҪǣˣҵֻһƸʦԸ̾ͽ̣ԸĻԺԹҲ˵ʲô
ˣ㵽Ҫʲôһ
㣬ϢŭϢŭ
Цѣ磬ͱĥˣˣԺĶģ˰ɣ
ģأ
Ŀɨˣʱ֮£ҲֻܿЦŵͷͬ˵
Ȼݺݵض죬ջǽͷŭѹȥûжԡ
ðɣôϿҵķݶϣҾͽ̽ǣ
ʼ磬ĵΪ˴֮ʱ˫ʵԼƷ⣬Ҫʲô
ɣ
ԥػصѧԺ·ӶŵʱԳֽͶһЩɣʤǿ
Ǽɣ
һУĳֱУȻһӵɲǣ֮һâӹһĺǲɵһ
ղʲô쵭ʵ
ʲô
΢΢һ㶣ǻһôʲô
˼򵥣ôôʣ
һʱ䣬˶ɫΪŹ֡
һһô
˳˼ҲԣҡϣŲʱʱĺһСڣ鼫Ϊ⡣
ˣ
ã۾һҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣͶͬʱҲˣ
˵Ϊ֮ǰĽ̵նĻôɲĶ򣬲ò˵治ʣ
ˣǾȥ԰ɣ
ָǰֵɣԼ˵ͷ˷ܵĳȥ
ৡ
˲Լͬĳ֣âȻȴûӱһϵηֻǱķ֮һҡ
Ҳˣ
ܿԥת֣ĻӽУȴɺɵ˵ࡣ

ЩʧĿ£ȴϵĵͷֵʱյĺܲ죡
һɻǧܹһ俳ϣǴﵽҪ󣡡
쵭˵ĸɣҲ˵ˣԼȥʣ
еˣȥҳԵģ
ɢһĽʺ޵Ŀ£ҡӳȥ˭Ҳûп¶Цݡ
ˣʵܲ

תۣǰµʱȥ
ѾɢҵΧԺչֿǾĴ齣ΰԼһЩװΣɣ˵ÿһ˵Ѫ뾫
ݸͬŮ֮ϸԵĲ࣡
ԭΪҪһµʱܹã
峿վھǰ˵Ƕܲʱ䣬Ȼûɷȴ˺ܴĽ
̵зЦ
ߺߣС
ڱûķһۣ֮쳯һɣ£ֱƲƲʾмеôģ¾ֻԼ֪ˡ
磬ʲôʵ
ûʲô
ʼ磬һϲ̵ˣҲᱣ֤˵ǻڶ೤ʱȡöٽҵĽ̵£ǵΪκε

˾ȴԹԵĵΪʲô
Ԫ
ţ
˽ڣҲ֮ףԪ
죬ֻ˵ΪҺΪԪԪܴܶȣԼ棬ҪȺڼǿܹƾԪշУҲΪ֮Ի˾޴ǵԭ򣡡
ôָνתԪӶ쾳أ
컺˵ţ漴ڴĿ£һתʼֻԼȥνֻ᲻Դڴˣ

⻰ٴ춪һİۡ
Ҹǵİźܼ򵥣
쵭ĵÿ糿̫֮ʱ磬̫֮ʣϦ̣֮Ƕȥܲ
ܲ
һȴܲңӽ쿪ʼǵΪҪӡֻ֮ƾǿȥ֣
찡
˸һɫ
Ըô
ǻһߣϷʵĵʵҲģǲԸ⣬ҲУܲʱ򣬺Ҷһʱͺãģһ飬ҲֻǶϸ첲ȣ֤ҪǵС
˻
ע⵽Ƕħ΢Ц뵽ϴαʹŹĳ棬Ů˶ëȻ֮С
ôôǲԸĻھվɣ컷ˣ
ǡԸܲ
˶һֻۣҧͷ
ϾܲڱȱŹ࣡
ܺãһҰǷסΪģֻ죬֮Լ⿪ˣ
ţ֮ǰӾĴɴͷ诽Ÿ˵ΪԷӡڵǿҲֻ˵ͨ˸ǿһЩϾˣǿȷҲЩģ
ڣͿʼɣ
ʼ磬ĵ֮е㶫ǸûͺãŶˣǵҪãұҪȥȫܣҿɲ뿴ĳЩڵģô
ף
أʮһҪȫܣ˵ûбӡΪĻԣô
ž˿ʼһĳԶȥ΢΢һЦĺ˿ڲ裬漴ڿգڰ׵ĸ߿սй۲죬Ҿ˲ûʲôΥľٶԽ⡣


87 ÷
硭
հԺжȾҹ֮ʱ㴫˹
ѭȥ߿ɲֹһˣߵģȻƣ
ʱƣ˫ĿΣ˿ֻǣ˾ȣȴ΢һ˿š
Ƽ磡
߽ǰڣƱ㳯칧һ
ŶѾָˣǼֱ̫ˣ
ЦŵͷƲ㻹ǵң
ǵģ磡
ƹĵȻЩҴã״̬ȴһֱܺãǵסıңƾнգ
ˣҵӣȻҲҵ÷ˣǿɶһˣ
ЦЦЩɬɫ֮һĵư˵䲻֪˵˵ĻһǧҪǣĿɾŹ㣡
ģ
صͷǣ֣ᶨĵһزҵ飡
ãұ÷򣡡
ƵļԵˣʲôʱָģϺʦأ
ҸջָãʦǰϢΪƣĺܴ󣡡˵
ʲô㣿
ѾҺͽܣһʦúȡʦϣɫ
ôǱߡʵ
Լʵһȥ
һĨ뱯ʹ磬Ҳ֪ˣʵҸѱκǸЫŮ֮ҹƿңΪûаգȻЩһֱڷ״̬ȴһһУ
ãг𲻱ж
ͷԼĳԼȥҪʲôľ;ֱ˵ڣǿһˣ
л磬ף
Ƹмĳͷף˵û;ûĽ죬ܹȥֻֱ빷죬ҪصŮˣ
վˣ
ЦЦӷ£ЦеĻһΧɻ磬أòֳȥ˰ɣ
ţСֻҪһصռ䣬ϾûڼҴ
εʼп񽣸ţټ϶ϤҲõĻʲô飡
Ǻǡɰأ˿ɰŮҲһָ۾Цĵ
ǰ
΢΢Цŵͷ漴˵һ뿪
ϾƲŻָȻԶˣɻãҲЩƣ룬Ļȥʼ;йʦڣҲضԵõѵĽ̵

ʱһĹȥת۱ѹ
ѾǾ˿ʼܲĵ峿ˡ
죬ÿεļٱܣǾȻޱƣȴȻһ£㱻ӡסΪ־òĸıȴǿԺġ
ԴˣҲΪ⣡
ǾˣǸԸ߰ܿҲûжİΥ
Ǻܲ٣ڿΪ⣡
ǰվһֱߵľˣ΢΢һЦ˵֮ǰѾ˵ǻᱻӡΪ죡
ڣǵĶ̶ȻһЩ
ȣÿεļٱܣ֮ǰʮʮ
Σÿ֮ǶȥֿӣøԵҲֻ
ʱ򣬾˷ֳе飬Ůһ飡Ǻǡ˸ҲȫĻĲϳ⼸ʱҲЩ
ÿһǰһҩԡӽԺʱÿˣ
컺Ļ֣Ǿһ¶Цȴ˿Ҳˣ
硭
֣ͷ¾˵
ʣָ֮ôѵʵ
ǾͲ֪ˣ
쵭ĵܹﵽҵҪкôǣǣеĻǾͱˣʱһܾʵģǺǡ
˵䣬ϸֳһĨаЦħһ㣬ǰľ˶ʱһ
ʲôϽȥܣסˣֲסҪ꣡
̳ȥ˿ӡ
ʮ൱ڶʮ幫ĵ·˵ʵ㲻̫ѣھǰʱ̵档
˶ץסѵǣ¾Ͳǵܲôˡ
Ҫֻ֪Ҫһ֣ǾͱضףȻԼŮһЩô飬ЩӵŮôԸܣ
ְ֡
ϴϴӷ˳һӹСϣĥСְ֣ȥ̣
˻һһ˯˵ӰԺɵ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ԣ´ΰɣ
ǿеʹ˵´ΰְٴȥòã
ðɡ
ĵͷɲѡ
챧̧ͷʣɫЩΡ
ǲȥǲң
ûҵƽİ취֮ǰҹȥ
һʱ䣬Ժг΢紵챧ҡϣþδ

˻ʹ
ҹǾ˾һĶڻص˸Եݣ컨Ѳٸ׼ҩԡҪڸǰ
ȥȫ·ԡڣɸսȥһɲǣ͵վ̵ִĴʹ⧲µһ
ԼǷҩԡҲȥܣҿԸǣҩԡž޴ĺô
Ļڶϣһҧ½УԴ֮⣬ȫҩԡڡ
ɲǡ
ޱȵĴʹ˲ȫ岻סĲͷۣƫƫȴޱȵÿһëϸѪܵĴʹֱǷ˵ʹ
ĺʹ
ҧ촽֣촽ҧƳѪҲû˿ķ
ףƭ
ʮӣʱһʱ
һʱȥʹǽԭɫҩҺʱҲ͸
ˬ
³һ忿ԡϣ̥ǰľܣ
·ڼ죬ͻأĽˮеˬޱ⣡
ţѾ˯ȥȴûע⵽ϣȻһɫâƣأ
һĻͬϣ
һҹʱôȥڶٴοʼˣ
ȴ㵵ķ֣ԼǿȻǾ涼˲Сһ˷ܲѣӻֵĽ뵽״̬ȻһҲŶĸм
죬ȻףܿǷˣ
ܿ·ϣɫƽ
͸߰Ƕķڷܼӣ
ҲһȻвϵСֲõЦȴ˵һС
֪䣬Ǿǿʼڴ֮쵽׻̸ʲôˡ


88 ˵ͻ
ѹ˵һ׶ΣҲ򵥵ѵ
˫ָ󣬵ĳǰ˵һϢʱȶ
Ϣ죿
ϰ˸ǿѵǣէԣɵЩȻ

ͷ˵һǰҰǽ⿪ӡ󣬱ǰȥڲתԹΪǰźõλãסλòܴ򣬷ʲô⣬ҿɲܣ
ǣ磡
ͷɵǰɫȻ
ɣϲ㣡
˵һ䣬Щ⣬ûѯʲô˫趯ɿĽڵķӡ׽⿪
ɲǣһ𾪵ĵɴ˫ۣǿϲ
ꡭ˵ȥλ
ǣ磡
ɵͷٵһǱ֮֮ǰ˲ٶȣգѾ뵽ڣ
ܿ
쳯֣ܿ˿첽ǰĿƽӣԥһ»ǽһ硯
֮ǰǰ«ưܿ콫ܿڵķӡҲ˲䣬ܿͬɫϲֻԱҪƽһЩ
ȥɣסҵĻ׼Լλãˣֵ
õģ
ܿͷ磬ҷˣԺҵĴ磡
ˣСӣȥɣˣЦõĵ
ǣ
ܿͬû֣ʣ˿ѡ
ûʲôôô˷ܣ
ţܿһ׹Ըǽ⿪ӡ֮һоľ޴ӯżͻƵƣǲϲ
ˣ
ٸһ诽⿪ӡһ¶ͷĺˮЦá
飬ԺҪЩҩԡͷҽ֮һĴ棬˲𰡣
εҡҡͷ漴ܵڴľ޴ȴɫһ𣬿ЦǸ˶üæ
˵䣬ζȻڿգһ˲ѾϿգ·Ŀľˣɫ˲Ȼ
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91 Խί
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ϵĻʱͷߣĵϣֲǲ֪ΪˣԼ˶٣Ҫٸ˽͵
Сӣ֪ҽڣˣһӦѧԺˣûĵ
𣡡
ҡԴҿɲô࣡˵Ѿȥһȥһ˱̲أûʱ䣡
ȥ̲ŶˣǸСŮѺҪŶ飬԰ɣСӣ
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ˣ˼Ҳǿ󣡡
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ҡҡͷڽʲôǾͲһˣʲôҪҲ͹Ͽģ
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˵ðǣ¾˱ԥٴλɱ֣
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СҪߣĻԭϲĶ͵̧ͷʵ
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ͷԼʱ޻вһʱˣڳҪץ·ˣ
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Ĳʲôɵõҡһȥ
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ȥ̲󣡡
쵹Ҳûӳ̲ķȥܹ͸ռ䣬ڱ̲ڣԼĽ˶¶˿˿
һʹֳ֮һĨ԰ףԵ죬İˣ𣿡
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ðɣףһ·˳磡
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ϱ̲ŮˣǺִ
죬ȴֻһ̾ʲô˵

죬˯ô
ҹ׼˯֮ʱ
֨ѽ
ȥŴ򿪣վŵûнСĳƺټЩԹı飬Щᡣ
ôˣôЦŵôˣ㻹ңѵͲ뻢ôô˵ֶСҲǸӰ
ҿԽȥôûзһԹԵԽڡ

ЩΣҲûйűôߵߣΪһ裬ǺǡֶСôңǲ£
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Ų豭ĿȴֱֱĶϡ
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ţ첻Ʋߣǲӡ
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Щ㻹ҪһЩҡҡͷ뵽һμΣɵһߡ
ǿ飬ҿͷڵһĻĻƻõƬ֡
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ҡͷܣˣҪ˯ˣҲȥϢɣ
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׼˵ʲôȴֱ߻ط䣬Žգ

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93 ָ
ݶָ
үΪλϣɫ쳣أٻףָĹܼվǰ
еԵЩ졣
ֺ꣬˵үüͷĳʵ
ǵģ
ֺܼͷ˵ݿɿϢԼұһʱ󣬱Ը򣡳ٳǿҲκУȻûϱֳӰӣ
񣬻Ѿͨ뺣һһͶôǱңȮ
ֺĻʮּᶨȻǾ˼ϸµĵá
кηӦүʵ

ֺЩŹ֣ص̫үĻûʲôرķӦƽĺܣңƺȫûнڷ
ˡ
үüͷȻʵ֮ԼұҪǿһЩȴôҲܻǻڵĶ֣Σôƽ
ף᲻ֶ֮ǰѾʲôţڱ˵

үĬȻȻᣬȴЩء
ٻȴһЦ磬δҲ̫Ǹ˰ɣܰʲô
ΪĬ飬ٻźԵĽ벻
Ըţжϻڵ
ڵٳǰΪĸ׵⾯ԶһЩ
ٻУֻһģûҰСӣ
׼˵
үӳٻһۣʱ졣
֮ڸôүӳʵ
Ӧֶһ֤İȫȻʱصǡ
˵ɫòѵٻżȻʱصңϾʲô룬ֶĻҲø𣡡
磬Ҳδ̫Թʵ˰ɣ
ٻüͷǺǵģּҲУ¶ּҲΪ˵䲻ģǻ˶ԸּңǻĲǶ֣
Ϊһֵּվϧһ
˵ղҲ˵ˣصңҲδԸңҲȫس棡˵ʲô
ڼѧԺܻ
ٻ˵ţȫҪּҴ뻢֮ƲȻһЩۻ˼ֻҪּҲ棬ѻôҲյϣֺαȥҲʹ죿
뷨
үޱ飬˿
ǵģ
ٻͷ
ס죡
ٻ׼˵ʲôԱȴȵּ̰֮ˣ˵ѾӦ˱֤İȫûӦֶ֮ĹϵҲܶˣ
磬㡭
ٻɫ˲䣬޶ʮ꣬ΪļθоɭȻ
ּҵļ
үһĨοȻ⻰ȴٻѿ
ǿټϻгҵİгôǵĶ֣
ٻæ˵Ļ»ὫּΣ빫˼
ˣ
үӺȵٻ֪һֱΪСĬ첻ֽϷĳŵںεأּȻǿȴҲǲسŵ֮ˣ㺦۵ĻϷ飬Ӵּκιϸ𣡡
ף
үһ仰Ȼͨ뺣֮ɭǰδУʱٻɫ˲䡣

ٻվͨһ¹ȥ
Ȼ췽Щƫִ˵Ҳһܲϱǽүӵ׿үӵĻʱٻҲѡ
ҲͬܿٻԱߣ˵ףٻֻһʱﲻ븸ϢŭһУƾװţ
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˺ˣɣ
үӰ˰֣̾ٻһֱ缺ղЩԹˣҲϣ
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ˣһҪģ
үӳΪģΪ˵ǸŵϷҲ֮ˣ
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ϹȻǸŵ֮ˣ
Ȼڴʱ洫˽ڵ˱컺룬Цݣɫƽ
ߣǣֱıģÿɰɱؽಽĸš

үɫһϲˣ
ǰˣ
ЦŵͷϣĸǺã
ĸ֮ǰȷСֶЩ̫벮ĸ£֮ǰ֮Сֶĸˣׯĳٻ񣬾ֹκ١
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ȷû뵽һ±ʽĳǸ
һʱ䣬ٻҲЩǸΣϾȷĬԣΪҵӣҲڻֵ˵ز
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æٻ֣ٻعæЦֶˣ֮ǰĸҲкܶ಻Եĵط˵Һܲԣֶ˿꣬Щ찡
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үļֽڻУЦŵԺǶ˵ǰ¶ˣҲºϸ˵
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ЦҡͷڱչУôȥߣһڶѣòô鷳죬ôǵģ
˻֮ʮ㣬˲·ζߴ˲٣Ȼһָ߸ϵϢӣʱڳ˶ЩĿ
ٻһĨ죬ʵ벻ͨλţ
Ҫ֪ڿɲѰܹȵ˵ģԼұ󣬸ûǣѲȥͻƴ
ٻѻʯ

үüͷ׼˵ʲôȴڰֵģĲУȻԮλר̰ݷãʵΪ˵˵ǼѧԺǿ治ϵӺŮ
Ŷôˣ
үӶʱ۾һٻҲš
ǰڶѾˣڣ
ЦŽڼѧԺе˵һ飬ʱڳּ֮ǶȻ죬ϲ
ȻҲףضкĹϵٻٴζĹ۲٣ϵЦҲԽá
ϾûһĸײԸ⿴ԼĶŮ˴Ľ


94 ܵү
ʱһػɫƽȴʮּ
ȻɫȴЩأȻź࣬Ϊ֮ǰׯ飬ԽһЩɴʱ쿴ȴʵİס
ү
࣬񽣵

׿񽣵˼ڰֵȻؼңЩ˲ã
ǣ
񽣵ͷǻۣҲò˼ֻҪԸȥǡ
ڣĿ£ǣУ񽣽

үӼ߳ӭӣ
֮ǰӵ飬үӵĺֻʣһȻѾ޵ŮҲĹù㣡ŮϾѾǱ˼ҵˣүӿҵĽʼնҪϣ
ҵļֻΪ̫࣬үӹˡ
үү
̫үүãˣ
칧񣬶ȴ˵үӻпֱЦ
ããͺãߣȥ˵
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ү
ڱүӶʱ΢΢һЦչֳƺð˲ɢ
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үү
΢΢üȻǰʦϹԶһ仰
ԨǱԨԨүӵţ
һֱӡУԼүүһͰˣϹԶ仰ȫ⣬ȴƺһЩ󵨵Ĳ²⣡
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ѵүүʲôܣﰵ²š
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үӺȻʵű̲ҪΪŮ鶨ףǰȥףأͼ
˵ʱүӵĿϣ֪ΪΣãԼүүѾ͸һС
Ĭһ̧ͷɫүүʵŮˣҾ޸κˣ
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ڱЦү˵ûүȻСһˣǺǡ˶ãҾ͵óƺһٷˡ
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Ҳ֪ΪʲôĶƵģСǰҲô˵üŮˣʱһΪСԱȴȴʼû˿ǣʱʱĻἰƯأ
Сӣ˵
Цãүȴ۾һʵ̫үү˵Ư˭
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СϣȴԽЦ
үȴһͷˮ֮ɻ߿죬ô£ɱң
ðɣүүʵҲûʲô˵ǲݶּҵĴСѣ
컺ѵ齲˳ʵ˵ദѺû̫ʱ䣬ȻЩ˼ȴûﵽĵز
ԭˣҲҪҪȢŮԼŰ죡
үźϷֻҪӺŮͺãҵѪֻһˣöȢҿ֦ɢҶ

⻰Ρ
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򣡡
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ڻڣ֮ǰȻûкøУȴҲǵˣƫƫȻҪң;ˡˣ
һԵ˵ͷ
֮¹ҵүԽοˡ
үӴ˿ȴ΢΢һЦԵɸղҲ˵ˣʵƾЩӦ԰ɣ
үүҲ˵ˣҲǻеôǺǡ
Цŵ˵үүҵĵƲ֣Ҳģ飬ûģ
һ仰ޱţϳаЦ
үһ¶ۼ϶һۣ׷װЦŵͷ
ˣǾŰɣ
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ʵڲеĻǾң
ֻҪסһ仰Ҳ۸ˣȴҲԲᱻ۸˵ˣ㲢ݳΣ
˵⻰شүӱȥ̫үүȥԺóԵģ
ۣ̫үү̫ˣʲôóԵۣ
ʲôУϵ̫үүȥժ
̫ÿ
һһС˵λʧϣЩ죬үүүүǲʲôأң²Ǻǵʵɣ
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Цۺ룬ү֪ʲôûүĻҲ˵ʲôôžֱӷԸģүһԣ
ţ
ӿЦãүүҶô˽⣬ʲôţҪɣ
үԸģҲԽ
ϼæҡҡͷүֻҪ뷨ȥҪʲôֱ˵һ쵽
үүȷкöأ
쳤³һһۺ󣬱˵һ·Ͼ뷨ţʱʱĸһЩ飬İԽ
ϵĽĻ˵ˣټּҺͶżңҪİҲǳһĳڳ˵Ǻ롭
һʱ䣬ԽԻһǿҵ֪ȲҪ֪ԼүүʲôܣȻӶ˵


95 ϮȫԱ
ү
ҹһϲδϢүӷ䣬յһж˳
üͷЩĵүү˼Ҷв磡ڹȥڣ˲ǲ֪ļѣ
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үˣ
һĨΣЦŵֵүȣСûˣүɾͲ˵ܹһ¥ͻһ㣡
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ҡͷѾԸ˲ˣʼûиõķ֣үһּҿϵѵĹ֣ͷ˵ġŻЩƣ
Ŷ
ү۾һ˵ѣ˵Ǹ

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ţȥɣ
ܿ죬ϱ㹪뿪ˣȻүȴɫЩ΢ϵķǣþδ

󣬻ˣ
ϰˣʮˣνڡ
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׿˫΢еЦΣһҪ£ǶţǷϴ齵˱Ҫô
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ţ߲ɱ
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쳹·ڶ֮ȴȻĸԻؼңܿһжűսֵĹ滮Ծһ𣬾Ǵк֮⣡
ȫԱ
׿һĻɫһ㶣˲úѿ
漴ȴЦЩ۵ļһΪܹһΪôǶˣҵ˻齵ұɱ⣡ʱǶҪ


׿ոꡮʱ죬Լʮſ˳ĵǻڴ׿
СӣǺˣȻϵңǾ͸ϽͶүүұ򣡡׿
죡
컺ƾҲүүҲ򿴿Լʸ񣿡
ǲмʱ׿˫ĿһԵСӣʲôҲϷ˵øϽԨƥϷ򣡡
ʸ񣿡
ЦʸҼ㲻ǻڴϣܹϻѾ㿴ˣУǣΪǳصô
ɱɱɱ
·ڶ֮˷׷ź𣬲֮ǰʲôʲôˣ˿̶һֱֳʿŭЩ֮ˣû˿

˿̣׿Цָ첻мĵëûСӣȻҼҪˣ
˵棬бͶ֣ˣ壬㲻ɣҲ˷ϻֱ
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ķԸ£˺ڤ֮Ķʮ֣ÿһҵ˸Իڵ֣òֺ
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ʱҵսУֻͶ׿ûжˣ
׿ôҲһԪڵǿߣмЩ˳֣
ɿϵĳ棬׿ɫȻѿ
ôҲ벻ԭΪԺµ򣬾Ȼ˼ѵսȫԱ֣
죬˿ҲĶ׿Ȼ֮һľ磬ƴҲδػˣ


96 ͻƣ׿𺧣
Ͽպ͵浽ѪսŨѪϢŻ
ȻһȴԽ̼ڳÿһɱ¾
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׿ܣ˫΢еţΣһҪ£ȥ֮޷򣡣
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켴ҪȴΪʵԵʣЩֹ
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졭
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ſûΣô
ڤţȻȴǺٺһЦΣУǱģүҪͻˣٺ١


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죬˵үĹʮ⣬ÿһͻƶо޴ı仯ҲΣգҪүԼȥ룬ضܵǣ
ңүεͻѾ˲꣬ȴû뵽·
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ǳǲϷ磬ȫԪԥļת
ڣҶ֣ȸϷ죡
ʱ׿ץסȳ漴ʣµʮ֮붯ֹ֣ƣγһߣȻе켱ٶȥ

ڤһĻɫ˲䣬æȵˣ
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񽣣㵽ҪʲôѵҪżΣôڤǲ͡
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ܣ˶Ŀɿڴ
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񽣸ǴЦѣΪ쵣ģϾΪ࣬˽а״ļ֮һ
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ڵʵǡڤʵ
൱ԪڰɣҪһЩʱȹ̸̣һ˵
Ԫڣ
ڤɵðԾĿҲž壡
Ҫ֪Ŷʮ갡
ʮԪڣ˭
بδаɣ
ٺ١Сӣŵ˰ɣ
񽣴ֵĺڤļЦ񽣵үǿ϶ǿ
⻰첻ɵ÷һۣ漴ĿڲԶ׿Ϊ׵ĻϣаЦ׿лڵλǣҲɵĳɹͻƣΪ˱ʾǵĸлһһ·ĳһ˺ܹµĻţ


98 ɱ¾Ѫ
ĻʱձЩŹ֣
׿Ķ˫ĿԾŷŭĻ棬ųꪵЩǱģ
лڵˣҲƿɱһĶ죡
һڣ˺ۣ֮ǰǳʱնǲһҪֲȥˣ
죬Ǻ˵ز
ʱϷʵĻһŭ޲ýƤ
ȻߣȴһЦѣ
죬Ϊͻ˾ӮôϷԪڵʵأ
׿һ˫΢еڣϷףʲôɱգϷɱĲݣ
СӣҪʹĶôϻ
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99 
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ΪģֻǵĴ˴ǰȥ̲󣬻ʲôΣգ
ȻǿϾСԣټ֮ãٽʹó༸ΣСӱҲм˺
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103 ǿлķ
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ԭҪǰֹлɣĿ죡
ˣʲôʱôǿˣ
۶ǣԱ׼ʲôɲЦҡҡͷνŮ±˼ɣ
Żۡ
һţټƵƣлʱήҲ
Ȼûз˼
ŴӵȻϵѪٴγȥ
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죬ҪҪ
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ǰ
Դˣл֮ĿȶϷ绯Ľβ
Ȼӷŵڳÿһ˶С죡
һͨ󷨵ˣﶼΪѵõģ
Ǳ̲󷨷汾ͱȽϳΪ죬˵ģҪǣɲ²˽̵ͽܣ
˲֪ȴף
۵λĻ̲ǿ

֮ܶлĶʽȡˣҫ۵һ飡
ֶ
ڶ죬ԽбͶͳ̲ɽ󣬱Ѱҵһ죬ǽһãֱˡ

켱æվ֪кμ̣
Щ죬ʲô鱻ץסƵģԱߵҲͬ糺죬ɬ
һ㣬Щ죡
ԼŮʲôԸúܣǰȴֵСŮˣɶЩĿ࿴
˵
ɽ찴ϣԱ£Цŵֶǲ֪ԨϺڿɺð
ʶүүүү
һ£˵Ա̲ݣȫССκιɿɵӣ첻Ѵз𾴣
ûκ٣Ǵ𾴣
үүүүкܶܰ
ţȴЦŵڶúܺãл
úþͺð
ЦŵͷһԵֶ㿴ǲǸѡʱ䣬Ļ¶ֻǲ֪˼ԸԸϱ


104 ˣǿ
ɵĻ৵һ±ͨ죬СɬĽ½ǣʹͷСϱһ
֮ǰɱ޸лԹߣƶ˲ȫʧʱ飬еֻɬҸ
ǰ
Цһ£ڣȴ۾һɣǰ

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˵Ҳǣ
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飬ʼնŮˣ
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ЦԵ˼ҶҲ޲ڣ
Ǿɣδúõģϣ磬ͽܣ
˵꣬ɱ뿪ˣڷ䣬Ŀޱᡣ
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ƿԴ͸·һ鲻ǽѡ
ߺ˵˴Σ޲ȥҧһڣ
ܿ㸶жֱӽ˶§뻳Уԥӡ˺촽ָ޹˼ɵǽߣʱ̲ϣһ˫ŨŨĴˮ֮⡭
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תۣͿѾʱ䣡
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ӣ˾ͽ׻ʮ꣬ʵڡ
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Ƕ̫󣬿ʹǶѡһΪķˡ
Ȼ˵ĻҲû鵱һĻĻ
˵÷򰡣㵽˻
գ˾ͽ׻ЦѣϴһЩ٣ǲĳԹѾĳСӣһ㶼֪磡㿴Ǵʲôģˣ
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쿪ڣƲƲ죬ĸ첲СԴȻģߺߣ
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÷ڵϣѪϢΪȣϣͬкü˵ˣǶǷܵĻ
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ܣǲϳǷҵ
ϳУҵʵһģ֮֮ǰйܶԹǿֻܶ࣬ǷһֱûκγưԵҰģʶŻϳҵȼ׳󣬵۵̣ݳڣ³˳֮⣬κһܹ֮ȣ
Ȼν¡֮˵еܼң岢ڲݳڣҲûУ
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صͷ컺ͷʶĹ˵˳һ·ϸ˽˵ıӰڻ谵Ĺâ£ϳܳӰӣԵǰܰ


105 ع
ڶ죬ҵˣ
ߣͬˣҴϷһӵŵԪڵǿߣ
ڷĵԳӭΪδŮ죬ȻҲߡ
ڵʱúֱɣҲԱ̲ļʱαʾ˸л
ǳҵġѷȭ
̽һɫĵҾȻҶǷ֣ѵΪǷҺ۸ɣ
лˣ㷽Ƿ̲һ飡˵
Ǻǡˣ
ЦŹֻ񣬡Ǳ̲ҲвжΣҪʲôĻֱ˵ǳңҲδ̫ԵһЩ
ǳң
ȴʱҡͷ˵ҹСһΣ˵ǳǿΪҿӦǳǿ˽ж
ǿǸǵĳ٣ü

ߣΣʼնǳҵˣ
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ã
˼һɵ⼸ʱҪ߶ˣ
Ǻǣ˵ЦˣǱ̲ʤӭ
ЦЦ漴Ը׼ƲˣǸӷ磡

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鰢̣
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ǰ
Ҳһ̾ǸҲļңֻһܹȥô
֮գʱó˲٣
ãүԵˣ㷢ûУЩ֣

㶣ôˣѾͷܿɰϲ
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ˣˣȥϢɣ
үӰ˰֣Ҳ漴뿪뿪үȴδϢ谵ʣţڵǻţܻܲΪʮˣѵˣ


106 ٲݳ
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ŲݶڵһУ¶һĨЦݡ
ߣ飬Լˣ
үӼʱ䣬Ǳϵ˲ݶڡ
ֵһ˵ǣ⼸ʱУٷ˵ݵõ˵ĳϣүӸǶϱ쳣ϲֱͰŮԴ
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񣬶ϳɹĴӵԪͻԪǰڣزʱ䣬ȴۼķ֣
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ЦԵ⼸ʱ䣬ǼҪ߶߶ţʲô˳ͶŲڼѧԺɣǺǣС治ϵӣ򵥰
漴㽫ڼѧԺһж˳˵֮ʱϺͶֶ˸οͬʱжĸмҲԽ˲٣

վסٸۡʲôˣ
ڶż֮ʱͬλڲݶǵĳǿۡ⣬ȴǻ˶ʮˣΪ׵ĺȻǷҴϷѾжָ˲߰˳ɵķܣ
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˻ƵҺ˲ôϷҪ˭ҴϷͽ


107 ǿʦ𣬹ˣ
һĻһߴ仺ɢżΪɭϢ˺ǲ
ǼͬƤһ㣬һ˫ޱͣһʹɭ֮С
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ʲô
ʱȻɫ䣬ŵľǹˣ㲻Ѿô
ʮǰ˲֪ιһţٿһҹ֮価ԱǼĴϺȻѪдϡ֣ʱ˱ԺգɹȴΪǴ¼Ǽ׷ɱΧ֮£
ݴʱ˱ѾǵԪڵǿߣ
Ѿʮǰ飬˲ѾôΪʲôȻ˳ǿٵʦ
һʱ䣬ı˼㣬˫˸Īĺâ

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治֪ô˵á
Ȼʱſ߽ӰϷʵ֮𣬡ְүҪҪǰæ


108 ۬쵽ˣ
ʮˣΪ׵ĺȻһʮ߰ˣʵ龳أɸߵģȴǶ֮䡭
ϵܣã˰ҽЩȫɱ·뷽ܼɣǿ۾һĵ
Ϊ۬ڳĻȻ֣ᷢò֮ǰĻڴ֮ˣڴ׿мƣ
۬׿֮ӣΪڴ֮ӵ۬ⲢݶڣϵǿͻڵŦ
ԴݶǣǿΪչ۬ÿǰȥЩ̻֮Ѱټ֮ǿĹʾã۬ǿ֪ȻҲǳǿΪ֮
ǿǳٵݣҲ۬ҪģʶһļϣǱΪ֮⣡
ǿĻ۬ҲԥʱԸߵļսţһսԽң
磬ôˣ
ߵǿߣ۬ʵүݣ˸ڹ컯д㣿
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۬۾һ˲ٵĽʱ䶼Ů˶Ƥϡ
Ȼģ˵ôƭ㣿
ǿͷŶˣǸǷҵĴϣʦˣֻҪͷȥ뷽ףôҲͬ⣿ϵǻڴ֮ӣݷҲΪѣⲻĺô
ٺ١˵öԣ
۬˫ĿŹĵͷٺЦǼץ㣬⣬ȫɱˣסǧҪˣǿǱүҡǮ
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۬̽ת򷽾뷽ܣ÷ѹټϳʮΧʹһܿ㴦վǸڵˣڳǿĸ֮˵Χ׽⣬սֱ»Ʋᡭ
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ǿ۬ļ˵ֵһʣҵĲģ˵ˣǵĺƻˣ˵ģݶǵģʱֵҹҹϸ裬գ

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һ׶ߵĴ󺺣˸ŽĹâһֱֱ룬Щǿ۬ˣӴᱻȻײһĵɿȥγһɵĹ·Կ첽롭
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״˫Ŀкâ˸񽣣ɱˣ
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ʱɫһϲԥĳؽ͵شֱ漴Ƕ漸ǰˣһһĲҺأеֱ۱еıؽֱնϣѪһأ˲ѣ
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ķԸһ㽫Ŀ⳯ǿȥ罣óǿ˹һ㣬ɫЩš
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ޱ˵׼ɱڣ
죬Ҫ˵
ǿǿסľ⣬˵Ҹ㣬㲻Ҫ̫ˣⲻ򣡡
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۬ʱ´һ죬Ʋ򿴿ԼΪʲôøүԶһ㣬үң
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ʼ磬мĵƾ龳صʵߣΪĻڴ֮ӵݣŶˣҺȻˣ㸸ǻڴϣĪǾǸ׿


109 ۬
׿ڴϣ
ԴҪ򣬿ȴУġаҲ׿Ĺеͻƣ˵׿ɾͻƣܹ֮õʵԳɹ뵽Ľ٣Ҳ൱Ԫڣ
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ͷ¶һĨаЦи̫õϢҪү֪үûȤһ
л˵ƨͷţ
۬ӻ֣мĵ˵֮͸ϽүȻүҪÿ

ЦһϷ֮ɫأǳǿƺԤϵʲôɫ˲䣬Լߵ˰ʹһɫھҲĵĺ˼
쵹ע⵽ЩȴҲû⣬Եү֪ô㸸Ϸ˻֮ǰȥԼұֻϧֻɹһ룡
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ҵ˼˵㸸׿ɹһ룬ҲǳɹĽԼұˣ
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۬㶣漴Ц찡죬ҲҪĺһɣҸһԪڵǿߣʱпͻƵԪ㾹Ȼ˵ˣҪɴ˵Ǳɱģô
˼ȷǱɱģɱģȫʬӿڵ

۬ЦøӴˣǿĿڿ׳Ƶġ
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죬ÿſϵܣ
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ǿ״ʱˣɹȴڰ֣ԹԵȥһ仰ԶԶƮүʵôģףͺ˵֮ʦͽ֮Եˣúñأ

ǿĪıߣһֱĸоĵ׶ɫԳ
Ȼʱȴֵǿڻкλ˵


110 ؾ֮˵
۬ټϹ˵ĺȻ뿪óǿ֮Уо
˶һүĳƺóǿţ
ڣȻȣǿһһĻ˵һЩ˵ıȴóǿѣ
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ǿҪϣ첻κθУȴѵûС
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ףͻѾһɣû´Ļ۬ҲǱãô

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ɱң
⻰ǿɵ۾һʱ
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ǿ˳ǿ룬Ц۬ȷɱΪĻ˻ڣߣ
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㣬㡭
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˻һܵ˶׷ŭĿӣ޲ýǿʬΡ
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111 ǿĽ
ҹڶŸĴϣЦѵĿߣһһСŮ
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ʪ֮˫Ŀ룬ŨŨĴ⣬Сָ뱻ӣһץסС죬ʱһ»֮ʱɵ¶ı顭
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֮ǰȻӵڵĴţݳɳǿģϮɱܣ뷽ҵĴսܹ˶ǿɱôȡ֮ôڵ׾ٵĽ뵽ݶڣٵĳǿٽΪҼҲδУ
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112 ټˮ
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ȻϢȷܹ֪ģҲ߳ɵĿԡ
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Գǿĸԣ˾׷Ź
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˵ĻҲǿõһ㣡
̲󲻹С椵ļңܱˣ⻹зҡǿԵĻ뷽óǿӶ𵽻ȸںЧ
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С͵ĲУĺڴ˿̼˺ܶ࣡
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ۡһѪ˫ͫгǺȻֵߣʲôˣ


113 ǿϣˮƣ
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СӣܲȻܹһ
˫ĿλãĵƾҲ۸ҼС㣿
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ʲôǿ̣
糿ոȥ緹֮ʱϢԵú𾪡
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һʱ䣬Ĭ˼ԵûƴĻӦǻڵ˰ɣ۬ɱˣڰڳǿߵҲɱˣǾüƻӦѾ¶ʶҪɱ˳ǿ޻ҺңһұضŭǱ԰תƣӶ֮
ķҲͷͬ⣬ȴ֪һȻˮС


114 ط̲
̲»ˣϴζԣȴǶ
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һ·УһԵúܺ棬ܱ̲ɽϵĴţһ˫۾գѽգģʮֿɰ
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ǣȴ֪ΪΣĲ֮У·ĳУ
ϸϸһ룬ȴ벻ͨԭɣֻȽָо֮Ժ˵


115 ɽȣħʦ
ƮգԭʵԵЩڶʮ׿һС
Ǳ̲ɽ˵Ǹɽȣһξ룡
ҪִǸɽȣǰһƬȴǱزġ
ʱ죬飬վǰ棬ɫЩ𺳡
飬ңʱôֱ㶵ܽȥϷʵʵ
ǰʱС
ûķһۣôа
УУУ
Цã漴ֵ㻹ǵôô
֪
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Щ棬һ˳ɾͶ˵ǾˣַȻʲôᣬһܵô


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һɲǣ쳤³һ̱ſϣȴŨ˷ܣףǳɹˣ


118 弶ħʦʦ
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ڱ˵ܹͻҲǺ£
ˣǶѾ꣬϶Ҳȥ죬ҪٲȥĻᵣĵģ⣬ǻлڵ¶ô
ڳȥ
ԲЩԥұͻƵħʦٳȥأ
ʲô
ûķһۣԽħЩóȥһôҲûˣҲǽַǰĴУЩҲǵģ
ԣǵģ
ܺƤĵͷҲʲôܽģңôණǷָˣôã
ðɣǳȥ
˵ҽеħһߣ⣬ҪһЩ鼮Ҳһɣ
鼮ƴߣ
鵱ԵкĻԲܽЩֽʵ鼮ǴȥĻһ˲ͻɻҽˣ
ԣôû뵽㣿
ԼĶͷ漴ĿƵǴߣԺô죿ܲʱɣ
а취
һЦ̧ԴС㣬˵ǿþҪ鼮ӡУһ񲻸ӷ棿ҪĶʱֱþвұǣ
ãô죡
ʱϲЦտ߻ڣʼ˿ӡ鼮Ĺ


119 ɵ𺳣ǿˣ
ʲô˵ʦܹƷҩ
̲ԺУ𾪵վǰŮ顣
죬Լ˴ؾгһʱҵɵΣ
ѾȥԴˣؾֻܳ촢ָзõʳÿ񽣵Ļ˵ﶼѾˡ
죬һͬȥɣԺУ⣬ˣλʦ˾ͽ׻඼ڡ
ǵģְ֣
Լ׵ʧ̬쿩Цְ֣ôԾôѵĳɼ㻹ˣ
ˣȻˣǡ
ɻЩţڲŹȥʱ䣬ǲɹؾг֪ŮѾʦܹܣ
ȻһĺϢ
Ҫ֪Ǳ̲ʵȻܱǲȴвʮλʦߵĻֻһļʦˣ
ļʦǱ̲Ѫģ
鰡ʦ
ɹŹֵֶŮͬʱɻĿ죬˵С죬òҲʦɣ
ǣҲǣ
Цҡҡͷ΢һһΪҲڼ֮ڳʦأ
ʱɲЩʧ
ҲʦĻôǱ̲ھʦˣһֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬̲ؽ׳󡭡
ְ֣ȻʦȴǱʦħʦأ
ڱЦͬʱжһݵǰ˵ף㿴
⽣Ǻͨô
ɽӹϸһ飬ĿȴܿڽĵŹֵĻϣо⻨ŵ
ৡ
͵עԪһӣһâȻϮһԶһʯͷɷ飬̳ƮȻ衭
һĻסˣ
ղֻһӣ˵ܹâȴô
ѵŹ־ĵϣ
ɼϸȴֱ治ʲô̧ͷ顣
֣ô
ĸ첲ЦӡĵħƣԼӴĳɵĹĻ绹ԸټһɵĹأ
ĵħƣĳɹ
ɱסˡ
⻹ǼΪͨһǻǿĳɹҪˣ
ˣħʦ
͵ĵ飬˵Сħʦħʦǡ
ˣħʦϹʱڵһְҵ֮ʦټ
˵ֻѾˣڽҳ弶ħʦԸ·ӡħƣκһԵ
ħʦôǿ󡭡
ȫסˡ
ʱ䣬ŮʦŮ弶ħʦǷƽʱ췽ҹ̷ʵǰôܲţ
һԵС죬ħħƣǲǿԿӡκһ棿
˵ȷˣ
ͷǣκζԼĳԽõĶܹصħԽ࣬һ˳ӡħҪʧܣǼҲ˱ݻ٣
ȷؾʱ쾭ģ
񣬿񽣵ؽ·Լõı·϶ӡħƣǿ񽣵ؽӡħƣ
ȻԼ·Ҳˣ
ҡҡ
ɶʱЩ˼ȴԵְ֣Լˣʲô˼ģıˮùӡħƲˣħƲУĵȴǾԿԵأ
Ǿ鷳Сˣ
ڨڨһЦкȻһɫĳǱˮ
ˣ
ӹϸ˿ɫˮĲʺܺãҿԱ֤ħƳɹҽͻƵĻħӦҲʲô⣡
ģ̫ˣɶʱϲ쳣
ˣȽûȥʱ䣬֮ٽ
õĺõģҲ̫ˣעϢ
ôְ֣ҺȥԷϢ
˵ţֳȥһпɣ
ԽԽãŮûˣҺõʱûǿл飬ôõһŮ񲻱ˣ

󡭡
ڱ̲һ䳡ڣݺᣬһɫĽâɵ˸ܣǿӶȻ֮ڶ
ʱ֣ͣЦݵĽˮպã˵С죬̫ˣҸоˮһ࣡
ǵģˣɰɣ
ͷӡħԼˮħƣͬʱħγһС͵󷨣𵽵һЩϣ⣡
⣬Һ⣡
ļ򣬵Ⱳӿ飬ŮŮС찡ߣҺȼȥ
ҲҪȥԱŶ˶ţְ֣ŮŮߺߣ㻵ˣ

СŮĻɺʱЦѣ֮ǰеĸҶڴ˿ȫʧһ䳡ȥûĳ˱Ӱһۣ漴Цһ첽˹ȥ
ܲô
Լ׺ܹ˺ദԸأ
ɵ˷У챻˺üƣ鵣Ļɻüȥ
֮ܶһεĺȾƣĳ죡
Ȼʱʦ˾ͽ׻첽˽˵ʦǿˣ
Ŷ
ΪȾ̫Щɣ˾ͽ׻֣׻˵ô£
ǣ
˾ͽ׻Ӧһڱ£ɫԵҴϢǿӳʮ֣ʵ͵лԪǰڵˣտʼڷˣ
õʲôɣɺܿƮɢʵ
̣֤ȷ䣡
ϷҪʼˡ
˸ŹĹâ˶ٺ׻Ըȥϵȫ׼ãǰȥڣ
ǣ
˾ͽ׻ͷҪ뿪ȻȴͻȻʦ
ţ
˾ͽ׻פɵĿ죬㶵С죬ʲô˵ģ
ˣǲŹȥ
ЦŵںͳǿҧҲһʱܹ˵ģ˵˳ǿгȻڸϹȥ˵Ǹðﻢأǰǿ
Ļ˸ϷʵĹâЦҵŮĹȻʲô׻㻹ȥԸ׼ʱҵǣ֮ǰȥʲôԷб䣡
ǣͽ
˾ͽ׻ȥʱʵС죬ʲôʱִʣ
ȳǿֵסʱ򣡡
΢Цŵʱ򣬳ǿضԮʱǱԾ³ǿóǷһͬʱϷһڣ
һһ˫񣡡
ɵЦǼȾƣɣ


120 ֮սϣ
պ󣬱̲ϰʵ͵ĶڣĿֱָڣ
ɣ˾ͽ׻࣬飬ԼͿ񽣺ȻС
һΣɳ˽һ죬ڱ̲ڿңϾΪ˶Ըڶ㳲һҪ˶Լļзʲôʣɵʱ¾ͺڶˡ
û˿ͣЪһ·ۣԽԽӽڣ
ھ뻢ڴŻнʮĵطͣ˿Ѿ˵Ⱥ
ң
ͨͷܵϵ̲뷽˵ģ
δ֮ˣȻǷҴϷⷽҴүֵܷҲȻڳ

ϣ
ɶ֣漴˫˱һ𡭡
ٺ١ϲϴ󣬹ϲɩӣճɾ
ܴٺЦų˵ʲôʱֶɩӰҪܺϴ˰ʲôãһ̫ǿˣ
㣡
ԶʱͷߣûһùȥСӵˣϴҶ˵Ц
ȴڱЦѣ¶ۼһ⣬ʱ죬Ц
˫ˣкܶ˶ǵһȴദʮ죬ʱ̲ͷҵ˱һƬֻЦﴫ
ιϴĲɱ˳ǿǻʵ
ǰҲɱ
ͷܸĵΪʲôǼһúݣѲɻҪˣ
ǺǡɱѾԤˣ
˫һĨâԵһУò˶õģߣ˵òǳ֣ǿȥ
˭ɱϴ㶼Ҫ·ɻ
żҶ
Сܣͳǿ֮ĶԹҲ㣡ֻҪ֪һ㣬Ϊܹɱǿ˺ܴŬͺˮһҵֵܣ
Ŷðɣ
ܵͷûٶʡ
쿴ˣ
ģ֪˭üӰӻڵķĶȻܿ죬ȴܹΪǱ
ڵһģǳٳǿ
ǿ棬ʮ죬ڵֵŸʮ˵׷ɱֽƺʹϡ
Ȼ׷ɱǵĳ˻ڱ
ǳǿû뵽óүȻҲôһ죡
ϷʵЦݣ춼аЦѡ
ǣ
ң
ǵ˵ĴڣǿԥļܹŴ
ʲôˣڰ£˵
ܿ죬Щ֮ҲˣΪ׵һԪڵˣ
ԭǻڵ֮һڻ
ɵ˫һĨɱЦѡ
ԿֱΪϴɻ϶໢ڻ
˺ڻԪ֮⣬ɻ໢ǵԪǰڵǿߣ
Σúڻ׷ɱǿǣҲԿڶԳǿıɱ֮ġ

ڻĿܿϣ˫΢еĵ֪ôʲôòǻ͵İɣ
֪
˵ڲҪұ̲ôɾţҵҲ뿴ǵôģ
˵Цˣǡ
ǺڻһҪƱ֮ʱɵȵˣڻ㲻ö˵ɲǰ׳գΪ޷죿Ϊұ̲ľʲô֪
Ҳ֪ĶĴԣǻںǱ̲һ޶ԹΪҪǣֳֺõ飬ǻôڻ˵
ԣ΢΢һߣЦµ㻹˽Ʊ磡ҲգѾˣҲ˵ʲôʲôʹǣ
зϣǻλΪУǽǿȴҪˣ
ڻ˵λҪ֣
ϡ
ʱǿĽµҪ˱̲󣬻УϴνɱֵܵҲǻڵˣҳǿԳ֤˵һȫģ
ڻڱ˫Ŀݹâ˸뷽˫ĿĽ£ȴҶԳǿ֣
ڻ˰ɣ
ǰҼ飬νͣ
ҡ
ڻ벻Σ
Ϊ֮һڵλܸߣɱ˵ͬʱ뷽ˣһ֪֮Ƕ֣
һտ¾û취ˣ
ãܺãҺڻˣ
ڻĶųǿ٣ñ֤ȥݳǵ·ϣǻһ·㣬һھŹ
ϣ飬ҺڻסˣԺк󱨣ߣ
ⷬ滰ڻҪ۷
̲Ѿ֪ǵļƻټϷҵĳ֣Ǹ̲ȥ˼ΣҪץʱȥ˵ɺͷ˵ļƣҪ˻ڵĿܣ
ڻˣϷҪȥŰɣ
ȻӰ˸Ƿҵİٶ֮գ۱㽫ڻʮ˰ΧһֱֳУĿɱȻ
ϣҪʲô
ڻתŷѵ㻹ɱǣ
˼˵ˣ
δҹζ࣬Ҳϻɱսپ
ǣϣ
ٶʱӦŵһԥĳŸԵıʮ֮˳ȥ
̲ɱ
ͬʱҲԸñ̲뷽ҵֳԽʮ޴ƣڵ˷׷׸ݿԶٵչֿ

ء
ʱҽвϣѪЩ˱ʵҪһߣټ˾޴ôܻǶ֣
ֻڼ棬ڱкü˺Ѫֹ
Ƕ
״ڻŭˡ
һ˫۾ŷŭɱֳһ󵶳ȺпɱȥӵʵǸ̲ͷҵ˴ȥ˲ٵ˺ֻΪĹϵܿڻ㱻Χסʲôʩչ
ν϶ҧ󣬻ߵʵҪȺڻľ޴ڴ˿ȴã
ڻҲһú
źڻϵ˺ԽԽ࣬ȴûһļ󣬲¶һĨ̾
˾ǵˣպڻ
񽣣ȥɱ
תͷ˵һ񽣵̤ȥܱߵҲÿһ·ҪȰ˵ϾڻڵˣȥΣգɻûڣ񽣱ǴȺ˺ڻǰ

γؽǿźڻֱȥ
ϡ
ڻӵһ˲ɫ䣬Ųˣô

һֳڣ񽣺ԥ˫ֳֽϣһնǺڻҪȴˣֻܲϵӲһ˲СƵȴܹǿ񽣵Ķ֣
˵񽣵ؽϣѾӡħƣʵҲѾԪڣһڻҲֻǳ⣡


121 ֮սУ
ſգ۱ռ˾ԵϷ磬ǺڻȵĽˣʹñϹսԼ˶ԵЩȣܸǵɴ۾ĵϴɶʱ񽣾ôǿˣ
˭֪أ
һ䣬÷ֱ
λСֵܵӣƺкܶౣ
ڱ˵үÿСֵսپɣһʱϵһûڵע⵽ǾͲˣ
ã
ͷ漴񽣵񽣣ô湻˾սپûĻȻ˻ģ
ϣү
ӦһʱƷǣ֮˲֪٣
ʱ񱩵ǰǿŵĺڻɫ䣬ԥתܣ
ܵõô
ɣ
һ˲䣬ڿһ֮£ؽŻһеն
ৡ
һâٱƽǺڻӱֱնϡ
ΪԵԵʣڻϰȻͣ£˫ȴɳǰźᵹڵء
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֮һ֮˾ô
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ڻˣȻ񽣵һжֵסǳǿǿĿɿڴôҲţߵһ˶ǿʵ
ȻǿҲǼʶ㣬ϾΪ٣һֱУ춼ֻһµҰСӶѣʲôʱһҰСӶǿˣ
˵ľȣȴնɱڻ±ؽ߻صǰͷү˵ˣȻҪðģɲ˵
ˣ֪ˣ
Ŀ񽣵ļЦŵİɣȻһɱľˣ
ٺ١
һЦݣɴ˿˿Цȴһƣ

ڣԿλϣ׺Ȼ֮ɻ໢һŻڵĶԬ衣
ô£ڻôû
ԿüǿЩеĵԪѾȫնɱʵߵĲڶѣֻʮôڶûѲǳʲô£
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ܣ
ϴɻ˵ǵһֱעⲢݳǵʲôĻһõϢ
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ԬɫпǺڻϻ;Уٵȵȣ
ˡ
ȻʱĵӼҴ˽ԵüΪҡ
죡
Կüͷһ壬ȵͽ̹ǣʲôʱ򶼲ҪĻң׳ʲô£

ӳƽһЩָ˵ˣ⡭棬̡̲͡ͷҵ˴ˣУиղǸǿҲڣ
ʲô
⻰Կʱɫ䣬͵شλվ˵һ飿
̲ͷҵˣǿҲڣӿٵظ

Կ͵һ߳ߵķѪ׹أȻǽˡ
ô
Կ˫һĨѵǵļƻ֪ˣˣ϶ǳǿȻǰɱ߷ҵļƻѾǿ֪϶ҪϷңղôû뵽
˵ЩѾûˣǱҪСģ̲ǱҲöԸټϷҡԬڱü
ߣߣȥԬ裬ټ죬ҾͲˣǻǣ
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ЩˣʵңȻ󲿷Ҳһ˵һ㣬⻢ڵʵȷС
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ˣ
һӱ㿴ԿˣҲɽȥ
ԿΪ׵Ļڸ߲㻺һֱֳɢ࣬ɫɱ
ɣʲô˼
Կұ̲һԩ޳Ҫʲô
Կ˵⻰㲻죿
Ц˵ԿǶ˰׳գ
Ǻ⣿
ԿȻװĺ޹Կʲô
ʲôԼԿôҲһ֮ѵָҵˣޣмĵ
˵Ķԣ
ʱԿ˵ʲôɱ㵱ЦԿô֪ǲǰ׳գͬҲǣҾ˵ˣȻұ̲ҾĻڣ

Կ͵Цãһɣһ̲󣡼ȻˣǾֵ¼°ɣ
˵䣬Կ͵شһӣȵϣɱ⣡
ʱ붯֣籩㳯Ŷѹȥ
֣
ɺͷһͬʱñ̲ͷҵͬһ֣˫˵Ķ飬ڴʱҵĴսһ𡭡
ء
䡭
ֽ֮ڶ˸һӴ˫ü˵ѪϢΧĻƽɱ
б
ԬվԿ󣬳˵ǿ²Ƕ֣ʵǶռһЩƣ
ʲôҺ϶һȥɱɱǵ磡ɻԵ
ԣ໢ҲӦ
ãԼģ
Կͷ漴ɻ໢һֳֳͬɿļ˻ս
Ԫ˳֣ñ̲ͷߵ˽ټ˼ȫʩΪһɱ¾ϣ
Ԫڣ
˫΢УһӾͿͷϻʵ
񽣣ȥɣ
쳯ʹһɫʱñĦȭƺ˷ܵĿ񽣹ЦԥؽǷɻ໢ȥ
һеӺүүһս
״ս죡
񽣵ĺΧĻսΪ֮һͣ
Сӣ
໢״ɱ֮󣬱ʱٽϮȥ
úã
񽣴Цһؽԥնȥ
ϡ
ײ۵Ļ𻨣
ô
໢Ȼɫ䣬ηˣϳɫ

񽣵Ʋˣ˫ֳֽ໢׷ϮȥӴ̤ڵһ㣡
ৡ
ؽȻԪڵ໢ЩܲסȻֱֵܹͨ۴ľɫѿ˼㡭
Ա߲Զɻ״ͬɫ䣬ΪᣬԭؼתһȦǽâȻϮܵ˿ȥأ໢Ǳȥ
϶㣡
һȣɻսţ
ˣ˿̾ǺҪԶ٣ɿȴ˷쳣ѿЦúãÿүүͷϻɲè


122 ֮ս£
С죡ɻ໢˿ɶԪڣûɣЩĵʵ
ûģ
ҡҡͷЦŻصǰʱ䣬պÿͻƣûкʵĶأ÷ϣǺǡ˵ˣͷôǲˣǿ϶Ҫ־ģǺǣ
㰡
ĻɺͷЦҡͷȴԱְ߽֣İɣ񽣿ǺǿŶڱ綼ҪǿһЩأ
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ԪڣġаŴڵĽУҲ൱Ԫڣ
ټϿǶеġǹ룬ȷҪǿһЩ
ĴȫƾĻӮĻᲢܴ
Ȼǲ֪㣡
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ʱǱѾ˼ҵĴ
Էɻ໢˵ĺϻ񽣲û˿ˣԽ˷ܣ
ĴǴ󿪴ϣȫɣ
ĳЩ˵ռ˾ԵƣټѾת³ŽɫĹâսһ㣬ͷϻιʼû취ʲô˺
ǿ񽣵ؽټ֮ؽϿӡħƣÿ񽣸Է
ÿһεĽӴھ֮£÷ɻ໢оֱ۵ĲüζýˣǱ
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˫۷ŹĵӦԪ˰ɣ
ţ
ͷɺͷ˹Ŀ£ҵֵܣһֱߣöʱְҽ鷳һ㲻ãСһ֣ʮа˾ŲУ˵ö飬ôҲĲ
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ԱߣǳǿøǵѾˡ
ȻּҵѺòҲóǿΪԣΪһŮ˶졢˽Ҳδ̫һЩ
뵽ǿɫָӣ
ˣȷˣ֪ˣڳ֮ʱ˵ΪһںҲûˡ
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ֻҪڵһôǱضΪ˫
Ϳ񽣾Բسɺ󻼣ҪҸɽǲ¶ۼ
뵽ǿ¶ɱɱҲֻһҲûжע⵽
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һ˲͵Ĵǰһ̶ĺ÷ǿ񽣵ؽնУ໢еĳȻأ໢ҲΪĿϮˣ˫ַڸ𵴣ɫڴ˿̶һĨ԰ס
ǿ⻹ô
໢һһѪ˳
ɣ
񽣴Цţ˦첲㳯໢׷ȥŵؽ繴һ㣬ԵúǺˡ
϶ģ
Աߣղű˿ȥķɻ״ԥĳϣӲ͵ľٽ񽣵ߴȥ
ٶȺܿ죬գۼ
˵ǿִ󺺣ǿθߴ෴ͻܶ࣡
Ȼɻץסһ㣡
ۿԼĳУɻ漴ֳһĨЦݣ
ûãЦݱ㳹ȥ
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㾹Ȼ͵ϮҪȥ
񽣺Ƿŭһ˫ͷųŨŨŭ
ղţҪʱӳϵķһ㣬¾Ҫ˵ĳƶˣ
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ԥĵͷ
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ԿʵڵԪǰڣ
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Ȼָǿˣ
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໢ʲô
һԣԿʱðɣ㾹Ȼģ㣬ô
죡ҲҲŻ
໢Կŭһ漴߽ǰĿ񽣿ͷ㲻ҪɱңԸͶԸһ˻ڣ
һʱ䣬񽣶ЩӦ
ղŻڴɱɱˣ˿̾һƵĹڵģ
ү
ͷתͷ졣
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컺˹߸飬ĵ໢ǰɣҪ㣬ЩʲôأˣҲŹ㣡


123 ໢ÿĴϷ
Ļ໢жʱ¶ǿҵ֮չֳĻһĨ
ȷ֪ԼʲôŻ⣬С
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¶һĨаЦ໢ӹֻһܣЦʵҲ㲻أȰһСæΣ
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ɱʮ죿
໢΢΢һ㶣Ҫʲô
໢ң
ԿҲˣŭȲѡ
һȴԽ̼໢ԣ
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ǿҵ໢ҷԣ
漴ǿʹ࣬Ȼһ⳯Ⱥг˹ȥ
ϾԪڵˣټ֮ܵ˲û֮ǰķɻأʱһЩ͵Ϯɣһֱʱȥ֮˵
ৡ
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ܿʮ˵ɣ໢ˣ»صǰ
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ŭ죬ԿԪȫתϵɽŽսĶײȭŵĺ˼Եǰң
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ͷԡʢǹ˼ɵطԣ϶ҪǣֻСúݺݵؽѵһ

Цѣ׸һƵİۣ
òУҲûٶ˵ʲôܿǿƽΪԶķ˹
үǴ۽簡
Цŵ໢ͷϻǿʼˣ治ǡ
˵ʲôȴǱֹ
Ͼаٵݣûж֪
ҲƺԤϵԼĿ󣬼ʱı죬ͶǸżˣү㿴໢ܹɱԬô
ܣҾҪˣ
΢΢һЦ˼˽ƽʱ֣ᷢ˹ϵԼʱ򣬾ûκζǲģ˵Ԭˣ¾ȥɱԿҲûʲô⣡
ϴϴСⳡϷ̫ÿˣ
ܳ˴Ĵָ
һȥʱ䣬СӵԽԽиˣ֮ҺúõѵȥȻĻ÷úýѵһ٣ۺȵ

һ⻰ܵʱ
ѵʽֱͲǳܳܵģɷȴҷĻ
ǿһ߿ɫΪӡ
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ֳǻۣʵԼĲԽ壡
ǲ취ɱ죬ôԺӾùǵˣѣ
ء
Ȼʱһ촫Ԭ豻໢һȭиӼٷˣ໢׷ȥżȭǿƺһӵʱ䣬ԬѾò
ɣ
һȭݺݻԬಿλǿ͸룬ֱӽԬɷ飬ʱԬѪصأ
ٲȻһʬ壡
ˣ໢ȻɱԬ裡
۾ɵĴģ߹໢Щ졣
үˣ
໢νϼˣԵЩѣȴɳǿҵ


124 ʥǿߣ
ɱʮ죬Ԭ裡
໢ľٶߵЩȻûڵڶޱȷŭһڻսУչ˶໢ĲŭۻûͣЪ·໢˵ϵµһͽƵģ
Ȼͽ
໢ʱȴ⣬·ЩŭûƵģ죡

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ǵģ໢ԹԵĵͷô࣬ΪԼСô
ʱ໢һƵģг
ðɣ˵ˣҲɱ㣡
쵭һЦ໢ļϵ˵̳Цݣ໢ĺ⣡㿴ǡ
˵ţʾ໢ָķȥ
Ļ֮¾ڻսУɶŭĿӣ궸Ȼ˫ͫһ֮ж
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ҡ
ֻɬһ仰˵
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ϣү
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ǰ˵ˣҲɱ㣬ߵͬɱģİɣ
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ৡ
âŰԿû˿ķУɲòˡ
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һǵԪǰڣһǵԪڣмĲ֮
ৡ
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һʱ䣬Ϊߵĳֶƽ˲٣
ǰ֣ЩȫɱԽԺһΨǰ֮հԿ߹ĵ
ԿǸ
Կһ䣬Ϊһ֮Կȴ˿
ΪСڴУ
˵ĺȻ֣˻ڼٷչĻᣬ̲ΧиؾϢ˵ģ
˵ʱڵһΪĻʹߣԿ
ǰΪԪǿߣκЩ飬δҲ̫˰ɣɳ
Ԫ
ߴЦû뵽Ȼᱻ˵Ԫһ죡
˻һʱһɫ䡣
ÿ˵һĨѵԪǡ
밡
ˣǽ˵ˣڳ˶ѱ
ǰʲôˣ
ǿסе𾪣ʵ
ţʵģ
һ˦ʱҲԪֲܿƵңɫ䣬Ǹ²Խ϶ˡ
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üǣˣһǺصƣ
ǰ
ֵ֪߳λʥǰеλ٣
Сӣʲôˣ
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һʱ䣬ռȫ
ɨһˣ˫ָ󣬵ĵʮϢʱ䣬


125 ˵ǿߣ
ǱĻһı鶼ʮѿ
ɣǷ飬ǵݵλ˺ǳ
ǰδҲ̫˰ɣ
ǰһ뻢֮ĶԹǰѵҪ֣

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Կȴɫ΢ĵǰɱǣǾô뿪
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ڧ
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ıͬÿֶȫѹƣ˸տʼһεķ⣬ʱȫǱѹŴ򣬸ôֵĻᶼûС
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ף
񽣺ܹԵҡͷ漴£ӣ˵֪һжүľͶˣٺ٣
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ΣһҪɱˣйͷ֮ޣ
Խŭˣ͵ĿһȻʵ͵켱Ϯȥ
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󣬿񽣶ʱˣؽϺȻâ׷󣬶뷽ʩչһâƿնǿռǲڶ
Һܺ۸ô
ЦãżϮߣԥתܣ˼ȣеǧýһâӳ
ϡ
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ϼһһ
һȣǧý߸Ծ𣬴³ߵĺ󱳼ٴȥ


126 ߾ˣ
һʣµԪǧý£˵˽֮ǿ
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ȷˣ
ҲĿ˵ǣ̫󣬿Ҳֲ˶ˣˣʵ̫ǿ

ĬĬ֪˵ʲôҲ֪ô죡
ѰֵĻ¾߳һСΣҲһЩ취ӦԣɱҲδУ߲أʵǿп˵ʥǿߣ뵽һЩСȫ֮ء
ʵľ޴࣬ʲôСֲܹ˵ģ
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ߵĻû˿飬䵽˼㣡
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춸ȻԥתٷɱͬʱҲһģһľٶ
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ۡ
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˵һ䣬漴װ
˵ɫЩ죬ߵеڤȴƺʲô촽΢ȻڴʱʱĻĿߣ֣
˽ʮӣڤǵͷã˵ģ
Ȼڿˣ
ã
ڤԥת뿪һٶȴԿˣǰǰ
죡㣬ôᡭҸ㣬Կ
ڤ͵һ˦ԿʺָӡٴγǱһۣżȥ
ôоڿң
üͷǰ˼⣡
ǰմȸм
ɳϹ񣬶ȴûٴγ֣һλá
⡭
һʱ䣬㿴ң㣬Եò֪룬Ȼע⵽ϵĲΣͬʱЦ
磬û°ɣ
һӷ˵컳Уϵˮɣʹ
İɣû£ֻһЩƤ˰ˣͻõģ
§飬ʱȴڱϿȥˣȿȡɷ׵ŮҲˣ

Цѣʱһ죬Դ컳УҲԸ
һ»ɾ·һֱǣ֣ûзſ
ˣǽĲˣ
쳤³һ漴Ŀ⳯ԶԿȥâ磬ھֻʣˣ˵԰ɣԿԴ


127 Կ
Ļɱ
µѾûʲôĽˣ
Կģֻ֮һ;
Կͬף˿̵ʣµĻ֮ˣһԵЩ֪룡
ΪڤߺȻȥǸĴ
Һƴˣ
Կһ˫۾Ѫ죬Ȼǲ԰׵ϸһ˿˿Ѫɫ֣ϵ˲伱ͣ˺»㣬Եǰ񡭡
Ȼ䣬Կԥλһ⣬Ȼȥ
Ѿ⣬¾ҲҪһ汳
ˣѡ죡
Ԫǰڣȫ

һ̣ɶȻ˫Ŀһԥǰ
ͬʱҲˣ
˵ٶȣ֮Կ죬˲Ϣ֮ǺȻ֡
ء
ʵĲ࣬ټԿˣȫϮȴҲû취ͻ뷽ķ
һ죬ԿԸٶȵɶأһڿѪԵǰ㱯ߡ
׹صΣŵĹ֮ԿʱѾ̱˵ϣȫս֮
еѾڷŵһɢ
ʱϵ⣡
Ψһ˫ݵɡ
Կұ̲κξԹͼҪɱұ̲󣬷վ˾棡߽Կǰɵĵ
ˣɣ㲻װʲôˣҪɱɱԿҪһüͷͲˣ
Կ߲ѣ˿κεĺڡ
ȥɣ
εҡҡͷ漴ˮһɫâʱԿĲϻһѪۣѪ쮳ʣ˲š
ԴˣԿ
һսھתۺҲǽˣ
û
ɵĿ⳯ʣµĻ֮ȥĿڵԿ߲ɱ
߲ɱ߲ɱ
źһ϶ս˷ЦݣЩ֮˵ĿȴЩƣϾкö̲ͷҵ˶У
ǡͶ
Щ㿴ңģܿǵѡ
ȻԿôʲôҪ
ϾЩ˶ǺòײģΪһᣬⲻֵã
˾ͶһεĻһջԲľţ
󾭹뷽ҵ飬ڵΧ̲ȫգϾҪڲϳǣҲûŵ˼
ڵĲƸɱ̲󣬷Լƽ֣Ϊ̲ռ˼ıˣʶŵԼڵһܺʱεأֻҪκ󣬱̲󶼽ȫԸ
Ȼ֮ĹϵûУ˵Ҫô˵ģ

ʲôڱˣ
ôܣ
̲ռݻΧԴͣΪһ
˵ǻԼҲֲˣ
һˣ͸нˣ
ܿ죬ڱϢ㴫鿪Ϊ˲෹̸ʡ
ȴûжΪеϧɴ˿ƽﻢеӡǶôĲ
ݶۡڣǿʣµ˻صɫѿ˼㡭
Ǳ̲󣬷չֳʵ˵ǿ󣬶ľλóүֱĮӵĸоŭ֮ȴֺް취ԡ
죬񽣣Լִսڤ֮ʱչֳһУǸǿ̵ӡ֪ʱѾ쿴ɺͷͬ
ģôôǿ
ó٣ҰСӣ
ѵҾôˣ
ǿһڷУԭڵĲˮѾ
ҵøıһ¶̬ˣ
ǿһĲˮһ˺ܿƽ»кܶҲ֪ĵƣûʱȥǣѰֱҲˣƫƫ죡
ˣȲȥ˵ֻҪҲȥҲҵ鷳
ǿεһԿЦá
ʱĽ¼󣬳ǿ˼˲٣ǰô׵ķ
˵ǿøˣ
ȻҵһɱĻᣬҲ޶ԣ
ͬʱϳǷ֮С
ٴμ˷ܵĸ׷츴Լĸء
Ȼжʱûȴ˿İ츴ظǽ쵱ӰԴ÷ܵĻ˵ǣǶȶӻúܶ࡭
Դˣ쵹ЦܵԴûٰصıô
ӻڷֳĽǮҲ뷽ͻ򽻸үӣԼǮҲò꣬ûҪš
˵ЩԹ
ԹԺƷ츴ĳҪҪҰȥһ£
ңǲϳǿļ壬û֮һ
Ȼݳڳҿ˵ǿߣĸĳȴ޷ȫƣҲһ
Էҵʵ츴ὫҵҵҿУ˵Ϊɣ
Ǻǣ岻ˣ
ЦЦһΪߵˮƤһ˵붫ּףּҹϵܺãֻҪǲңҲ鷳
СӰ鷳
츴ЦС鷳İ취һϰ߽鷳ɱҡôô㶼˺ܶˣ
ǳ˰ɣ
Ц˵ֲʲô޵Уܲʲô˶ȥɱ
Ҫ˵⻰һţ⻰ƫƫС˵ôоôŤ
츴ЦЩϷʡ
ٺ١
ûж˵ʲôϾһֱҲûҲȥô࣡
ܻľСУ㿴ǽϣֻҪҲ̫֣Ҳ̵ֲˣ
ˣ
ʱڱûĵô˵ô죡ҸҳֶԸ㣬һҪǣˣҾǣ
غɱȴкů
Դ츴أǶԴԼĸһ
ˣʲô
츴ĵҪСܸɣܹҪȥߵģ
֪ǼѧԺʦ
ԥһµҪȥˣﻹЩ飡СԸĻҵǿ԰æ˵˵ܲѧԺǣҲұ֤
ϴҿ϶Ը
ܺԥ˵ٺ١ֻҪϴȥĶУڼˣٺ٣
аɣͳҲ׼׼ҪѧԺ϶п˵ģⷽû취㣡޷ͨԼ͸ҹ˵
İɣһܹͨģܽؿĵð졣
˵ʵԷڵʵͨ˵ҲѣֻǼѧԺѧԱѾ̶ھʮˣ⵹һˣ
ѵҪȥһԺͷﰵԳ˼ţϾֵܣ뷽跨ҲҪԺͷͬǡ


128 κȻ룬аɷת
μү
ݳһɽУľΪ׵Ķʮ˳ȥ鹧˼㡣
ЩУȻеǰѧԺ;շӶŸųκȻ
ɣ
˰֣΢Цһ಻Ƕ˺ܴҺ⣡
ûүûǵĽ죡
ľ϶һ˰̣ԵЩˡ
ˣˣ
ЦЦ漴Ŀ⳯κȻȥĵκȻô
һжܺã
ԭκȻٶЩ֮ǰηµҩòʶŴĲӶųԱ⽫һʱȥκȻľദһˣ໥ֵƣҵּҵĸоȻЩޣɸȴһĪĸм
үκֵָܺܶ㣡
ľʱ˵ʱκ绹аæҲûа취ôӶŵȼ
йͣҲǷǲֵˣ
ˣصκȻ죡

κȻſһɲǣָһһŵҩֱûκȻӦ֮ʱֱӻһȫ
֮Ľҩ
쵭˵ҲЩس㣡˶ҵĳŵ߾߰ɣҾǿ
֮ԣκȻһʱЩ΢㶡
ʱһֱԼ֮ģȵ֮ʱȴָеһãԥ
벻쾹׵طŹ
κ磬ʱлֵǵչˣȻүˣҲͷĵ߰ɣ
ľڱ˵ĶԶǵκ磡
κ磬һ·ߣ
ʮ⻰һŹ֣ô˵ĺκȻͿҪƵģһ·ء
ҡ
κȻкǸжȴ˵һҪߵĴ
㲻ߵĻҲ£
컺˵ʵڵӶҲкʶִҽᣬɱ˷Ż޶ӶţܹǿʢһʱܹһôҸ˵꣬Ӷűػᱻ𣡵ʱκȻµֵܸô죿
ҡ
κȻͷ˵ֺû
뿪Ӷţһ׷ɱֵǽȫʬ
ϰӶ㲻ᱻɱҲû·ߡ
κ磬ֵ˵䲻Ļ
ľκȻļԵκֵǵƢԣӶų綼Źǣ
ǶʮˣʼҲҪɱүүдŹǣĹ˵үĺˣ
κ룬ǻһӣΪĲôΪĲܹһͷأҸ˵үһн⣡
˵ˣʱҲԿˣݶӶЭִ»Ƴ˶׽ĺܣһУүĹֻͣҪүڣǵĽض
ľĻƽܣΪƤܺ񣬶Щ졣
ȻҲֱ˵ˣȶʮ˶ģ
κ磬°ɣ
һ𲢼սаɷ󣡡

ľ֮ʮ˷׷׳Ȱ˵κȻıԥ
ȴ΢Цδ
ҡ£
κȻһҧ͵ĵүκȻԸаɷү
ãͬˣ
ЦκȻԽаɷӶŵĸųͳԭֵܣǲԸ룬ҲҪǿϾ˸־ǿŤĹϲ𣡡
ǣлү
κȻͷԽмܹΪֵܿǣȷ˸ж
Ӷš
ԵΪ˱ǽ鷳ҲеһжҪȫϣҶаɷĵһʽ
ǣ
ľκȻԼ˷׷Ӧŵ
κȻȴЩԥĵүǲҪǣҡҡ
֪˵ʲô
ǰκȻļԵε飬ֻϼɣģùܣΪԷһҲ֣
лү£
κȻмĵͷ
ǺǣˣڶԼˣ
ЦŵľǱݲͬĵؼԸĻȥһֺʵҸļ񣡡
⡭
κȻסˣôҲ벻Լżĺˡ
ǿǵؼӶţͱųɱ˽ˣôó
ô㲻Ը⣿ЦЦĵ
Ը⣡Ը⣡лү
Ǻǣˣɣ
˵ľ˵˵аɷ
ǣү
ἰ£ľıȻһЩһʱ䷢չǳɹΪ弶ӶţҲ˲ٵӶΪ޷֤ǵľģԲûнүݸǣ
ڣӶټκֵǣܹİһʮˣʮˣǸȽǿһˣ
ΪүͻƳλִµĹϵǶὫһЩֶ࣬ѶȽϵ͵ǰǣǵķչҲѸ٣
үⲢݳǸΪвݳԵʣӶŵķչҲܵһƣ
ľڣаɷӶ״˵ĺԼ뷨
ǳãľųȻû
Цŵͷ۾һ˵ǿ˵ڤ򣿡
ڤү˵ĿǣܵĻҵ򣿡ԱߣκȻ
κȻ
ͷע⵽ľ˵Ĳ⣬ȴǶκȻ΢΢һЦˣκȻ˵˵
ڤ⣬Ψһһҵĵطûйأ˵ʵǹأ
κȻү˵֪֮ڤΪӶصפؾҸͷ棬Լ˾֪һֱΪӶŲ޹̶פأҲӶԵúܹҪԭ򣡡
ӶŵפؾںڤУ⵹ǸϢ
㶣漴аЦҵ뷨ǣǰȥڤʵѵȥΪأ
үԸҵȱضӣ빧
ǳãǾôˣ
ЦŵͷǼ׼֪ͨңǵ˺ڤ±ǣԻǰȥ
ǣ
Ŷˣһ飡
˶٣Ե弸ֵε˷ֱ붫ǵĳǿۡԼϳң
үĻѾˣ
ľ˵ڵ˽⵽үҵһЩԹ±Ѿ˽УȻڻûеõΣҲһЩϢ
úã
ڶľԽˣܹ˵ǰհԣľѡų
ȻˣǾɣҲˣ
ү
ܿ죬˵Ĺ뿪ɽȣص˷ҡ
ʱתۼ̤˻ȥѧԺĵ·ͬеĳ˿񽣣Լ֮⣬Ȼзܣ


129 ƻع飨ϣ
峿ҫأˮɢҫʰ쵣ѵɾС
ʱ˻ⲽУΪ׵ĺȻаɷӶųľԼųκȻǶڵֵܡ
ķԸаɷӶŻΪ㣬ֱ𳯺ڤȥǡľһ˱ڽϡ
κȻĿĺܼ򵥣·ͬʱҲȥǸδú
˵ô죬ֹˣ
ʲôֹԾ˰
ʲôɣԴӶƹǵͿ˲٣Ǹ޶Ķүֱ˰ҿ϶ģ
ꡭ㲻ҪҪðƤ
Ǿǣǻǲ˵ˣôܵûȥ
ˣ߰ɣ˵ˣ
ڣľǱ̸κȻɫޱȳüͷ
λ磬˵ĶүκȻǰʵ
ʲôǿʲôû˵㲻ҪǣЩˣ˵žҪƹκȻϽ뿪
λ磬þţ
ľæЦŵǴģⲻ׼ЪЪţǸղλᵽЩЩ棡е֮λ£˵ţľͳһЩУЦݡ
ԭ˰
۾һ漴ĳȥΪ糿ԵʣΧҲû̫ˣҲע⵽ߡ
ˣһȰܹ뿪뿪ɣ
ΪǮʹĥԵʣһȰ򰡲ǰˣĶүȻͲ󣬵ȴ޶

ľ˼ĵͷ漴һЩƱУЦŵλпôСλȺȲ裿ģ
ðɣǿʲôû˵Ҳʲôû
룬ȻǾ£ܻǴӦľ룡
һ˱ܿѰһҷ꣬Ҫһż£һ߳Ŷһ˵
Ȼʱľʣ˻شĵڽκĸӹֶ£ἰڷһϵϡŹ֮ʱȻСģȴȻزס˷ܣ
˵Ļ˵ͽж񱨣
ˣλ磬һֱἰ˺ͶүôĴ˺ʹүأˣļأѵǾͲ֪ܹܣľʵ

һԥһ£漴齲˳ἰҼ֮ʱǵɫԵ쳣أȴ̾Ϣ
Ӣۣȴһ˳ɵһˣ
ֱĪ̾ѣ
λ磬ղ˵һǰ˽ƺ˽ߣ˽죿ľȻʵ
ǵģҼǵðλүС㵱أ
֮ǰרȥѵһ¶˺Ͷү£ʱϿǰ˷˺ܾˣ
ǴǼ֮󣬶үԽԽüλǿŮֱһɱļһ
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ʱ֮뿪ˣֵǮһʳǡ
ľȴǳκȻ˵κ磬Ҳˣеúô
ҡ
κȻ˵̾ǰòģľӣ˵Ҹòȥǣ
㲻Ϊ۲Ϊô
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ģף֪κغˣү֣ұԽץүǰүãκȻ˵
ˣȳ緹˾͹ȥ
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ͬһʱ䣬ſȴӭһһŮˣеĿʣŮĽ
ǣǴӼѧԺˡ
ʦϵ˵ʹˣȴźܴħȥضɺܴӰ죡
ħң
ʶù֮ͬƱص
󡭡үС㣿
ſڵڼƵɲǣʱޱȾϲ
УȻκƿ˲ٵˣȻкܶģڣЧҵȻҲλүˡ
ң
Ƶͷһٶȴ˸ӿϲүָˣ
ǰѾˣôȥҪκͨһôƵ
⡭
ԥ˲ӣֱӽŴ˿үС룡
һЦЯֻ룡
վסǡǡ
ܿ죬иǣɺĻȴǰ϶Ƶ۾ɵôġ
ʲô
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㣬㡭
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󡭡ү
ס죡
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ǰɵӣȴ٣һʱ侹Ǵһʲôˣתһ龳صĸ֣ó񹥻˵ù洫
˵һǿƣЩ
վһԣƵûɿǾϷõЦݣ
ܿ˵صɢˣ
㣬ָһˣȵ
ɫһ䣬ǹԹԵߵǰ
ȻһЩôҲһ֮ʲô̫ı仯Ҳû̫ľ⣡
ңκغʲôطƵĵ
ȴЩƣƵУż񣡣
ҡҲ֪ҡͷ
ˣҲûˣ
£Ȼ֣ӵصѪɶݺݵײ׿ļɽϣЩʯ龡Է飬ֱӻ˹ȥ
˻
ʱһ
һʱ䣬ɵĴү֮ǿ
صˣһжֵס˵ӦûӦ
ǣ˭֪˿Ϊ⣬תȥ
һΣ˫ɢĹ⣬ȻǾѾתӴ˫۵ˣңԼƲ˵Ĺо
˺ͶүںԺͬ³ڣƽûһ㷴
ȥԺ
ƵǣСֳԺȥ⼸ɳճմվǣ˫Ŀ


130 ƻع飨£
ү
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132 С㣡
κȻıƽټκغ˿ϸֳЦݣζʱ˾޴ı仯
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֪˭һʮҵ˼ǰȻ㵲ƺǰ棡
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ĸ֣ǡ
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133 ع֮Ů
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ոջصѧԺռ֮ʱҵĴסԺԱ߾ȻһյأС˿ڱ̲䳡ǿյ֮ϣȾйĴսһ𡭡
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ʲô͵ϮԼ񲻼У
ЦţٴѸٵվһ𣬸ȭӡ
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ͷ漴ӳͶȥǻһĨаЦĵһˣСӾȻкٺ١Ҹһ񣬺ݺݵǣҪǲñףȻҶսɣסŶҿԲģ

һʱ䣬Ļ˶ʱЩɫ䣬漴ȴˣ໥һۺצĳ˳˹ȥ
ʱ֮䣬ԭеɫ䣬漴ȴǵģȴ˵ȭͷʱҺȭȭڶ
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С͵㣬Ŷ
ҲɲѵͶһƺȴǲСӵֵСӣ˵˲׼С͵ģôУǲۣ

ŤС壬ȴֱЦѣȻʮ׽
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ɩӿǱ̲ĴСأ
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ǰǰԺɩӿҪһ㣬വͷ磬ѵǵʱһЩ
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鵹Ե󷽣΢Ц˴һкҲǷ׷׽һ飡
УȴһĨŨŨİԹ
ѹһҹô춼޶ԣԭôһܴòʵϣҪ߹Ůӣ
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飬Ȼûкϸ˵ΪŮˣôܸо˼
ͬģ˿ȻЩɢԱǴֵ˿ע⡣

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˼Ҷ䲻ãСӲ֪ѧԺĹأ
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ҹԺУʮΧһԲߣܿɥʱʱԼĵطŰԹ
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˸㼺ܿѾӶһİžŸɢȥȻʱκȻȴһֹģ׼طϢľɻκ磬ôˣ


135 ܵıߣİ
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ҪƹܺǵǮǺҪأ
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136 Ʒһ٣
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˵꣬ƽˣ˵λﻹʣһһǹһޣȻǵչʾ죬ȴڽգҲֻ˵ֻλᣡ֪λԣ


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137 Ⱪǣҹɱ
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138 ȥᣡ
׼ңǽ֮֮ǰطĻƼҲ
׿һԪڵˣ׼һϣԪⷽ˵ȴҪȻƼ΢ǿһЩ׼Ҳκ֧֣ʶںڤһֱҲ㲻̫ǿ󡭡
׿֮׷磬ȴŰ裬ǿ׿ϣѲ֪˶ٴˡ
ȻҲЩ˲׿ֻǲԸһԪڣпԪǿߣκһطԸȥǡ
Ҫ֪쾳УÿһĲ̫ˣͻԪ󣬱˵ľ磬Ԫںǰڶǵ֮
ı飬ڵϵ˷ƿһ˿ϣæ˵λүǵĴַ̧Źǣһȥ֮󶨵Ȱ˵үħ̵꣡
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˵꣬Ǳתȥ׷һǶɫѿ˼㣡
죬Ҽסˣ
׷ضıӰվҲûǼʬ壬һŲȥ


139 ׿֮ŭŵǸ
үˣ
׼ׯ԰֣׿ȻɫһǲִˣԼȥˣñɱҾ͵ûӣ
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һΣ׷ĺԼΪ


140 ѧԺȣʮɽ
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ۣʮķ̣˵ҲÿԿѵЧԺ˵ˣûõһҲҪѧԺѾǻ껨Ȼ󣬿ɶǴҶûɶã

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ƽһټħװԼŴ
ڤħ̵У콫ԼҪ뿪˵˳ͬʱСɽ·˽ƽǰɫ뿪ʱ䣬ҪúõĿ꣡ʵΣգȽӹˣһУһ˵
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ɨһۣĵǾŸڽھʳס޵ȵȶҪԼǣֻԹߣ

㿴ңģɫΪأ
Ҫ֪ÿһС˵˲ٹʮɽĴ˵ȻڱԵط̫ΣգǾЩԵطô
϶ᣡ
ȻǻһаЦ˵һȥһĵطԴɽȣƽﲻħ޽룡ǿΪ
ģǻãиȫĵطţ
Ļ˶΢һҲûٶ˵һ˻ǰɽȥȻǾ⣬߻һһСŮڿ켸˼˺ڤУԱħ̵İȫ
˵Ԫڵʵţ¶ǵѵЩӰ죡
סһ·ϣôûʲôħް˵ʮɽ洦ɼħ޵ô·ϣɻĴΧʵ
ǺһЦûлش𣬼ŴǰУ
˴ʱһʮ˱һͷ׵ɽڣϪˮľȻԴ֮С
ɽȣ
һеļŮ˲׷ȴǵһЦ˵֮أ쿪ʼǾŸʽѵ


141 ǧһ
ڶ쿪ʼ⴦ɽΪĵķԲʮ֮ڣʱʱĶᴫ޺ʹɱħ޵
󲿷ħ޶мħޣһһһĻǾ˸Ƕ֣Ψһܹı콻ǵľŹХ󷨵
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ɽڣЩЦõ˵ţȴԵ쳣ɣ֪ĶóĹƣͺͿһһĺţСӸԹԵĿżȣԱߵϣ˫ҡҡλΣĺܡ
ģûµģ
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˾ҷСװٵĵԴЦλ磬Ҫʲôֱ˵ֻҪСܹŪֵģ


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150 аɷ֮
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ģøŹȥ鲻ЦĪˮƺϰӣ΢ЦŵͷǵģҪǾûʲôӰļӿ취

ԣʱϲ֣ٺ١֪ʦãô취ٺ١
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163 ǵѧԺ
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169 ѧԺʤ
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170 ʤѧԺ
˵ѧԺ˴˴Һܴ𺧣ôѩѧԺľ΢ƽʵһЩ
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171 ʤϳ
ݺᣬӿƽ̨ӿʱʱĸƺߣ羪׺
˿Ŀתò˵ѩѧԺǿѧԺ˿̶ǿս˳ȻΪģҪ˵ڤˡ
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177 ԾŹХ
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179 ֮սϣ
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ڣͽԪ˾ԼĵƣҲֳıʹóƫƫܿ˵ҲС
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ȻʱǱΪͫɻ걪ĽԪЦǣҲ䣿ְ취Ĵѹǵս⣡Σ䶨ˣ
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еĻѩѧԺ˵ͬ΢ĵʹͷȫҸ
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ܿ죬ֻ޺ͬʱ𣬻뽯ԪƺѪ֮
Ѫɷ̾ͫɻ걪͵ر˺ҧƮɢһ̾ħħһ㣬ȻûκѪ£ȴҲ̶ãȴܹս֮˲ĿѣһӶԵüΪ𺳡
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û˿Ź˼͵Ĺ֮Уֻ̳֣ܿǱ˵
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182 ʦ֮սѣ
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ڶѩѧԺûʮֶܻپʮ
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ѵĳ˿飬ġ޷ڵʵţڳ֮ʱһЩ䲻Ĺ;Ű޵ĳƣϸܽܺնȥ鷳
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ĿĵҼǵǰ㻹ûôǿأ
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͵һȫԪӿ֮ʱЩɫ׷飡
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183 ȫϣ죡
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ܽն˶һۣԥĳֽӭϣ
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ȫǳʵ⣬쵹Ķһ󣬳ðɣںδϣҷŹ˿վһȥ


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ڶ㣬ٶȽնɱɿ뿪նɱ֮ΪĵķԲﺣΪѪħԣһɱڷԲ֮ͷųһζΧѪħ
ʱ½Σգ
ôѪħ裿
г·˵Ӧʮְȫģ
˹ģ
˫΢Уȴ۾һֵܣĪ˵ľѧԺǣⲻܰɣôпѪħİ취
Ǻǣûвܵ飡
ʼ磬˵Ҳ˵ЩʱǱҪǣݴ뿪һħ޵ע⣬룡


187 ɱ¾
ʮӰٷɳԴΪɢȥ
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Щʵ൱Ǻ龳
˵ŬɱǣǺ뿪
˵ף
ԶĶûĵ뿪أûˣ˭ݴ

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ɱǵģɱ֮ٶȻ
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ȥɱ¾ֻмѧԺѩѧԺʮ˸ѧԱ죬ѣԼ˶վڴϣѪħ¼ǸЩѧԱһ
ݴɱ
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Ծ
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˵Ļһ٣ɫʱԽء
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ҵģ˹Ըǵģ˵
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ڱϽӿڵҪԸǣ˵Ļɣôúħõİ취
Ȳˣȥݴȥæʮ֮ڵѪħȫɱˣÿ뿪б䣡
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ɲɱЩƫƫ˿壬ǰͺ̵ĳţƺǴƷ㲻ݡ
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찵ѣȴûİ취
ɱ
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˵ҲܿͷӦ
Ͼǻ֮ǰǰ㽫ħȫɱǵĻָܱȵģƣ
ܿصռݴ˵Ҳֱվ˸Եλã
ʱĴ󴬣нʬѪĺУĲĹ졭


188 ǿ
ļʻлǰУ˵ɱ¾ȴûͣЪ
ܴͷ࣬źܶĺħޱƽһͷɱһͷ̲λãη˸ûһϢĻᡭ
֮ǰٺִСҹʱ䣬ǻûκħֹ£ʻ˽һʱ䣬ȴ֮ǰ߷֮һ·̶ûߵ
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ʳ˻ʱ˫ˣȴǵȻһЦΣڶҪˣ֪ôʲôס±Ͷ̥һҪ͵һ㣡


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˵ĻľѧԺɻ˲⿪ˣ
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죬㵽жǿ
ע⵽ղһĻе𾪣ѸзâԽ
ʱĺе˸𾪣ԭ֪Է˾Ԫµľڴ˿Ҳ࣡
Ƕǰδеš
죬Ҫ
ŭУԪ֮ȫǿʵϵضŸĴѹľʮΣգȴû˿ķڶս֮ʱĿʱʱĳԱʣµǸԪ֮ȥЩ˸֪Щʲô
ŭȻԼսܹͬӰ񣡡
Ԫڵˣ֮ڴϸǿһЩôӲƴȥҾӮҲˣ

뵽һȻ֮侹ȴ־Ũܵʲôǣ㳯ӿ
Ԫôǿô
ΪǸӣ󣿡
ЩĻԹĵͷһ˫Ǳɱ⣡
аţɲģ
Ľٱ䡪ն
ɲǣһ͵ȳñ֮ղŸӿֲľ޴âֱϮȻǰԪ֮ǿնȥ
һ·ؼеĹ˵߶Ϊ֮һڡ


190 Ԫǿߣ
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ɲǣνܸո̧ͷ˲䣬ֲĹƱһܽӴ

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Ȼʱûﵽ򽣵ĳ̶ȣƾնѾǿĹ֮һڴ׿֮ʱҲƾն

Щ˵ĴˣȻֱ֪ӳֽӭϣ
ʱ֮䣬߶Ʒ·ɰǧâȫ֣һʹĲҺھ׵ҹԵǰڳ˶׷׾ĿԽţ
һѪһ˺ۣڽâвϳ֣ڼ䣬ȫѪˣϵ˿ڣȴɷĺš

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˵ţϼԶ˵ߣǿ϶ҪȽǸڸϾһ֤

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Ÿ֮ǰĻûʲô仯ֻǵŸ˿֮ʱһ־ϲšүˡүˡܿŸ
Ŵүӣ֮ҲܿǰУֻСһ
ԣҪүǼСϱŷȥݷãϾοʽĳһȥҲʣ
ԴˣǲԸģκѺû˵ʲô˵Դ»صߺñһֱĬĬԡ
Сӻչˣ
ϳЦŵҪ㣬»جĹأ
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ֻǣЩնĳݣڶ˵һûκε˼ܿصͷʾף

ڶŸϴԷ֮ȥˣն˵ҪɩӶ磬Ҳûиųȥټ֮кܶܶĻҪүү븸˵
ڳǿеϣˣҲӵǰڵʵгΪϱĳ嶯ټ֮ڹ;гǿһУţѧԺǾ׷Źģ³ǿǿĳҲһ
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198 ţּţ
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205 ۻѪ棡
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ĿЦãҵǣΪŵɱ¾ע⣬ֽʮӰðʵͶ
ɱЩĴŽҺ͵̸ܵ˵ԥķԸ

ʮ붯֣Ϊʵ̫ԵʣҲûг֮ǰһɱЧֻȻǱ۱ռ˾ԵƣַԽѸݺһѪʮ쭳Ⱦ´أжŨѪϢ
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ǵִ֮ʱǺֵʮҲѾÿ϶类Ѫˮһ㣬ƫƫǶʮۻȴȻĶˣܿվ󡭡


206 ȳˣж
ھǰ棡
Դ£ܿ˵ڴʮ˻ʰ£Ȼȴǵģȴһ
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208 ͵ʴ
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210 ˶ࣿ˭˭
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212 սӰӣ
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Сӣôһɣںǳ˰ĺǳӰӡ

һٵı裬ӰܲסˣȻҪֵɲǣȻ͵һâϮӰɫ˲䣬㿪âɲǣתͷǳ֮ˣŭȵ裬Ҫʲô


214 ˾ط磡
ĺȻ֣֮˭Ҳû뵽Ҳˣ
ӰӵһŭȣҲԥӳǿǱ㼱ٳӰӴȥͬʱҲˣһǰһĽӰסǿĽâӿӾȻϵĬ
⵽ô£
Цãѵܽշ˻˲ɣ
磬⡭
ҲǱʵȴҪ֪ͺˣ
ϡ
ء
뻪û˿ϾһǵԪǰڣһڣ֮ӰӵʵҪһЩʲôĻ룡
ǣ֮ǰһ˵ǿŲѵӰӣ̿ͻΧ£ȴ׽⣬ɫ쳣ѿ
ͬɫѿĻһˣٳǿ
Ҫ֪ĳҿ䣬֮ǰıֶһֱܲרųǰȥɱ죬Ȼûܳɹȴɣ
Ȼ֮ǰ߲Ŷʱ䣬Ȼͱˣ
ǿôҲţ
ǿ֮࣬һЩң
ղųǿֱӶֵĻ֮ľ޴ʵ࣬ǿ͸ûκλֵĻᣡ
Ǳң
컷һΧʣһĳ֮ˣȥЩȫһ
õģԼģ
Ͷͷ漴ٴγΧȺϮȥʱ캣˵Ĺ£ѾھƵǣ˶ֶ˵ļ룬Ӳң
ǿڱϿĿѣȴȫȻûа취
Ҷְ
Լ֮⣬ΪʵֻҪҶ֣ߵ㶼ܹɱˣ
ʱ뻪ֶսӰӵսѾ뵽˾԰Ȼĳ̶ȣַĽɢ˲òٴκˣƲĻ԰øΪս

ߴս֮ʱݳȴӭһˣ
һߵǰ棬һںһ׿⡣
ڵĻȻ֣ᷢ˫ʶģ
Ǻڤгķط磬Դϴ뿪ȥĵ֮ܵ󣬱һֱûкϵѾȥһʱˡ
һˣ˾ռү˾Ϊס
˾ǵʮɽ֮Уʧ֮ģһ˾˲ٵĺöǽƱ֮࣬˵ˡ
Ǽ飬˾ƺһЩֱ仯ڵģȻһ˵ѵĹӸ˾ռҵĵλҲԽԽУ˭Ҳ֪λ˾նһҰĲļһ
ظ磬ҵ׸簡Ŀڲݳҵܹ캣֮ˣ˾үյطߣЦʵ
ŵĻαظǰ
طػصͿߣûҪһ
ҡⲻô
˾صطȴûĵۣʣһ·˶ٴˣҸ˾ң᲻㣿
ããҲˣô
˾ʱ˫֣˿һЦѣ˾תͷۺȵЦʲôЦЦĻһǮϢӱ
ү
˵Цݶʱȥһҧ촽Ψֳ
˾ڶԴ˷ҲΪûִӵѱȻҲ˽˾˲Ż֪ģ
ط磬Ҳǿ˾ıʣԸǰݣطĸԣɱõˣ
˵˾طʶ̻Ϸԡ
ڴǰ˾˵ط罫£ط˺ֻ֮˵һллһԣȴ˾ĺ棬ÿ춼ʼطЩطһֱûκλӦ
һֱһǰң˾һЩ⣬Ҫ캣̽ϢΪҪ֪Ϣ̫󣬹ʶûκջط˵ݶӦи߼ĸˣ˾طǰ
һ·ϣ˾ΪĺѯʣطݺݳֽѵüΣ΢һЩ
ֵһ˵ģ;˾ĸĸӶĲ֪˾ʲôֶΣ䱾ǶĲţӮĸеǮƣǸдһǧƽǷ
һ˾ӵɪˣò˵Ϊ־ٶ¸׽
û˵ʱദֵͬܣ໥޻˵
ʵطҲ˾ͽҪʲôϢԸȴûʣҲǱ˵ܣ
죬ڲݶôϣҰһˣҪڰ
طԽԽĲݶǳţ뵽Ψһһֿ¶һĨЦݡ
˵ϣ˽˵ģѪ˺ͳ⣬ֻ໥ˣ
ȻҲʲôϱɽµĻѣֻһ޷ֵ壡
֮ʲôΣգΪԷȥض˶޷ˣ
ԡ
ʮӺһߵµɲǣطȴȻüͷһ壬˾˿̵ɫҲӸղŵƤЦһЩ
ԭֻһǶһʱо˿д
ߣȥ
ܿ룬طĴ£˳¥ſڡ
Ȼ֮һ·ϣȻֵߵķŶţܸоһ˫˫Ŀڸϵעӡ
ظ磬˵ô£òʲôıɣ˾ʵ
׳գ
طֱƳһᡣ
ôͰ׳ˣ
˾ǲ漴ȴȻһĶͷ԰ǵıҲ߽޶ǰɣظ磿
ߣ
طһǰѾرյ¥ÿڻЦλ͹٣˼СѾˣҪסĻȥطɣ
˵ģط˵
ˣλ͹˵Ц˰ɣǾ¥ϰͻ֮ôܻбˣЦĵʮֽ
ģ㣡
طһ̶һö壬طĶΪľطܹ캣֮˵ĵطϢ߼ʱ
⡭
ʱ˫ͫһæŴ򿪣
ã
طͷ˾ֵϣ
΢΢һüͷȴδֹΪֳ֪˱ضаٵ׽֮ˣǾԿŵģ
ܿ죬Ĵ£һ˵ĲķС
ʸ䣿кιɣһ֮ǰЦݡ
ҵõϢ˵԰ɣ
үû¥Уȥ˳ٵĸۡŸҲо˿еضսģص
٣ǿ
طԶʱɫ˲䣬æȥ˾״ʱˣظ磬ظ磬ô찡
һסˣҪܣ㸸Ҳ޷㣡
ˣҿŵǣҪʲôϢֱӻشǣҰ˵ģ
طЩ㼱Ҵҵ뿪ˣüͷٴһ壬ʵڲ֪ط絽ʲôݣȴҲ˿漴к˾ǡ


215 ƴӰˣ
սţӰͷŭɱޱԻ裡
豾Ϊҿ䣬˵㲻ǿ֣ҲԲǿΪУ˲֪ʲôĹƻ󣬾ȻһƴĴ򷨡
ӰӺͳǿôҲû뵽ģ
ѯʣ趼ʼûпڣֻһĹţӰӺŵһ㡣
һĻڳ˶Щ΢Ǿ첻ѣ벻ͨʲô취ûͶ
ء
˵ǿ󹥻زѣսΧһȫ٣ɳʯ֮и˵ģ˲١
裬㵽Ҫʲô
ӰɫĴȳұѳңѵͲô
Ҫԣ
Ĺû˿ͣ٣ֱӳĳӰӴȥӰĲХУҪӰһɱơ
ȻǾͱˣ
ӰӼ״һٶԣɫĹƶ˿˿ɫΣŻĹӭȥ
ϡ
ҵײٴ𣬱ڰзȥЩۻ𻨸ĵ׷ֻһ˲䣬һȺʱڿնһ״ЩĳϮΰĽâǿޱȡ
գۣѾٴμսӱ󹥻ӰӣҲת֮䣬Ƕ˱ٴӰƴޱȼңһս뵽˼Ϊľ桭
˿̣ܵĻսҲˡ
ڳǿһ£ʣµʮ˷׷ͣ»ص࣬û׷ɱ֮ǰ캣˶ͣ
ʱܣѪɺӣöĶϱ۲֫洦ɼǵѪһմȾ٣·ͳѪ磬Ǵ̱ǵѪȽ˴Ⱦɲ
ǿɫޱѿû뵽˾棡
۾ǲɨΧͼѰһܹ˳ܵ·ûλѾܵ˼
һӰˣôؽΣա
Ȼǿ˽Ը񣬵ֻҪǸˣ;Բ׷ŹҪɱԼĵˣ
һ㣬ȥǿף
أ
ģһ촫ӰӣԼ˵θԵɶ
ԭڸղţԪһӲӲӰһͬʱԸͻ裬յĽٴδһƽ֣ףһԶһˣ͸֤Ѿˣ
ɲʲô䣬ಫûӮֻ

Ӱһٴκϣ
ܻսѪѾЩˣҲܲõ׻ΪʲôĿֻһɱ
ΪǿӰӣӰӾоԵҳϣ¾ȥҲκ飡
ϣ
Ƴһۣ漴һһҵֱӭϣգۼ˱ٴμҵĶսһ
ϡ
ء
ҵսУ˵϶һЩ˺ۣΪʵԵʣӰӷĹУܿռһϷ磬˫гŵĺɫиͿŶĶһ㣬ޱȵ꣬Ҫͻնڵǰơ
һĻ춼Ϊ˲һ亹ͬʱŬָ֮ǰƣ
ʱһһĹȥţӰƻŹâڰвײǿĲĽѾӿݵĵ棬ٴκӶ
ã
ʱųԼ߼ϮӰӣ˲䣬гâȻγһâ֣ͬʱθԥķš
ܣΣ
ӰĶ͵ļӿٶȣ໥ʮ׵ľ˲Ϣ
أء
ֲĺ˲ըǽâһһʧʹʱףҵǽ⽣â֣֮յĴӰӹгɹ
Ӱӣȥ
һ˲䣬ǻŭƲ񷣬ΪģܵܵʲôƵļӿϵҲʱţܿռĽ
Уû˽һңӰӵĺ󱳼Ϯȥ
ռѣڻ輱ٷɹ֮һϸСĿռѷ죬Ĳĺɢʹ¶һ½ܶ࡭
ˣȻƴ
Ӱ΢һͬʱæתɫŹİ
ƾ㣬Ҳɱң
ӰӲκκ֮⣬һͺ󣬱ĺɫгŻӭȥ
һɲǣ˶ȫ˸Եһ㣬ǿĳĺХĩյıԵǿѹڳ˷׷ɫ䡭
أ
һ죬𵴣
һѪ˳˼ĺˣȶ֮Ǻԥٴγֽһ˫Ƿ
ѵĲҪˣ
ӰӼ״ʱѣɻȴԣʱȫһĴ򷨣ķԪȫƺӰնڽ±Ĳһ㡣
ء
һνһηƴȴһһεıӰӻˣ˲Լϵ˿ڣһֻ֪ٹ
⡭
һʱ䣬춼ЩĿɿڴ
벻ͨǺԭ򣬾Ȼû˲Լ
ľٶҲȡһЧӰ϶˲ٵ˺ۣϾӰӿûô񣬲Լ˼ڻƴУ˺ӣڵԪ
Ļ裡
Ӱŭˣŭ֮ȫԪתкɫ죬ӳӰӴʱΪŤӣԳ
ȥɣ
ŻٴμٶӰӵɫԪļǿϮ
ݡ
ء
ѿ֮ƺ֮ټǻѪ쭳γһǴ˿̵Ļ˺ۣ¾ûгʮ֮һĵطǺõġ

Ȼʹ֣ɻ边ֻ΢һ٣ٴٱƽ
ķˣ״ӰȻһǰδеĿ־塣
ڣ
һ˲䣬ƺѾ˵Ȼˣ
Ǳ쳤ȻϢϮ綾һƽӰӣڽӽҵʱٴμ٣Ϣڴ˿̱ǿޱȣӰӷӦҪѾˡ

ӰţæԪΧγһ֣ǻ˵лȴûиӰ̫Ļᣡ
Щֻûȫ֮ʱǰĻ裬ȫʩΪĹѾˣ
šŴš
ʱֱ⣬Ӱʱ˺üѪǷʱŤתһ壬͵Ҫˣ
ˣӰҲоԼʧȻˣɫҲ˵˵ϡ
һĻʱʱֹͣ˿ĶЩˣ


216 ط
һʱ䣬˶
һĿɿڴǰһУţ
Ҫ֪ӰӿǵԪڵǿߣȻ״˭ţ
ǿɫ䣬Ҳ
Ϊү״θоƽΣ
Ϊ˻Ź
ѵôˣ
ǿģ
һǿַں棬¶ۼϵһžʯ
һûע⵽
ɣ
ͻأģһŭȣĭѪ漴ͬӰӵһ˲䱻飬Ӱӱ˸ǵɴ˫ۣг߲ţ
ۡ
һ˲䣬ӰѪѪȵĻٴһݹ죡
˫һڣôֱֱĵڵϣ
鴤ѣȻڻһȻѾǱˣκս֮
죡
ʱ⴫һطμ֡
ӣ
ط磬Ȼѵʵôˣ
û°ɣ
طߣҲûܵˣֹġ
û£һжܺã
ʼ磬ʱͶȴ׷׳طʺãֻΪݵԵʣط粢δһʱϳǣҲҪյ߼򵥽һºط˵ݣ
ȥ¥˵ߣͼæϹˣ
ط糤³һû¾ͺãң
оطǺεĹģ΢΢һЦڼΪж
ʱطŻΧע⵽캣֮ʱɵ־㵣ȻȷЩ˵ʵݣɶҲЩ²⣬ĿⴥѪȵʱȴɫ˲䣡
ǿһУܹ󷽲ɱĲң
طųƷӣҲɱֳȴҲǲġ
ʲôôˣʵ
Ȼٺϸ˵Ȱ˰ɣطص
ã
ͷ漴Ŀ⳯ɫѿĳǿȥԵǿڻʲô˵
죬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ǿһеֿ־ǿѹһЩ˵ҳǿǳ٣ֻҪҶһëұ֤Һ㲻ݣ
ô
ԣȴһЦ漴Ȼ˸ǰһİƶʱ˦˳ǿϣ⧲֮ԭתһȦ϶ʺָӡ
㣬㾹ȻҴң
ǿ˫Ŀ죬Ȼŭ˼㡣
㣿ľ㣡
ЩЦʱˣòƴİɣȻôʳ
죬Ҽסҳǿɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
ǿŭָ죬Ȼһɲǣû˵ʲôطȻɫ䣬첽ߵϣ죬ˣ˱飡ҵˣһͻᵽˣ
飬һͨѶַΣʱ飬֮ңһ߶ܹоӶȣȻǿǲûⱾģϾǳҶеĶҵֱϵϵӵܣÿһӵһţ
ʶط˻ͬɫ䣡
ڻԳȻķŮʮɣɱϾǿҲǳ٣ҵˣôؽ룡

ΪܽԵʣǿͬطĻĴЦ죬ʵ㣬ҵȷѾ˱飡ʱҸױ˸ϵ
ʱô
˫΢У֪ͳǿѾһľ棡
ʱȴѾ㹻ɱˣˣ
ֻǣ⸮ۡԼ֮⣬ණľ񣬲ܱ֤й¶
ҲǶһˣүүңּҺͶżҺĹϵܲһɱ˳ǿŭ֮ѱǣԼ˺ѡ
ʶһʱЩԥ

ǿٴſЦѣ˱
磬ȥɱ
ʱ˳һһ˵ǳ׷ҶԲñǣ
Ƕ
ǿԣʱЦֹסĿⶢŶ㾹Ȼұң
ȻѾұ¶ҲΣ
ֽժǿԼЩʲô㲻˰ɣҸ㣬Һ㲻죡
㾹Ȼ˵òͷˣǿŭ
˵ģǰϵˣмȥס
죬һҪ϶𣡡
˵䣬ҪֽǰħʨıҲٴαֳŭӳǿ
״ǿ˫ͫһһĨ⣡
죬ҶһëҸ״ǰضȫң
ǿǿŵǾʹ뿪ұ֤̣Ǿ͵ʲôûô
ǿҲǱ
ıѣ̴˹ҲҪһʱ䣡
ʱУڳ˶ɱܶˣ
Ĵ뿪ǿǷ˵ᵱʲôûͲö֪ˣ
Բö붼϶Ǻܵ͵ģ
覴ñرⱾǳǿԸνɽ׸ģƣ֮裬ǿôܵû
ֻҪܹһʱ䣬丸׳˸ôһоͻòһˣ
硭
죬ǿ
죬Ѿȵ̫ˡ
ʹ˷
죬ҪˣĻ
ǿв˵ţıȻЩԥջһҧ͵תԸܽ㣬һ˵ȶѸ뿪
ܵܡ
һ˻֪ʲôôԸ⿴촦ΣУ
ʱ캣ˣҲûһ뿪ģ
ɫһ࣬
ڣ
̴ȥΥߣɱ⣡
ҡǣ
׼˵ʲôɿȻݣȴǲҲҧҧת캣֮˿뿪ˣ裡
ò˵˵ȷ򣬲ʱ䣬˱ѾʧߵʱҲЩͨˡ
תۼ䣬⸮ۡھֻʣ£죬ԼطˣȻгǿԼЩʬ壬ȻһӰӣ
죬㣬Ҫʲô
ôţǿɫѿ˼㣬β²뷨
ǿүүĳ𲻵òǴδĵϣ
ԼΪҵĳǿ죬ʲô㶼ˣ
˵䣬һǰɶȴĿǰ磬Ӧң
㡭
Ŷᶨݣ̾ΪҲ֪ʲôôɱȻԼе飬Ϊеô
ܣ
ԥĵһҪɱ
Ǻǡ
һЦɣһΣ

ҡҡͷ磬㣡
磬Сȥɣ
ڱ˵˭ɱˣܵеһУˣǾͺͳƴˣɱһɱ׬һ
ǿЩɫήľ⡣ɳүݣȴôҲ˵κĵĻ


217 ǿƶˣ
ӣҪ߰ɣ
תͷط˵ˣҸһ飬ĵܵҿҵˣھסּңΪҲȥɣ
ģ
Ļطʱ۾һ֣
ʱ䣬˲ٵĵطȴʼûκϢ쾹Ȼҵˣ
ȻģȷҪȥ԰㲻ˣˣ㻹Ҫúչ˾ĵܵأ˵
˵˵ȥߣ
طɫһ죬ط統ʲôˣ̰֮ʲô
ﱾû£㡭
ɫ˵ţɲ˵꣬ط㵱ִϵˣö˵ˣҪ뿪Σ

ҡҡͷ͵˫΢еһԪȻѵϻһӰӸֱɱ̾Ҳգվĸеɣȥɣɱ
ϣлл磡
˷쳣кڰеħʨֱ࣬ӳ־ĳǿϮȥ
Ҫ
ǷŹңҲ

ǿĺţɶȴû˿ֵͣ˼һħʨϹһԼҲֽڳǿϻһѪڣЩѪʱ䣬ǿͬѪ˶һ֮ûС
һ
һԳǿ٣ϵļһƬƬıٸ£â趯ܲ͸磬ǳǿʹģϵػâ
̣
ֲ
⼸ӣȫ˳ǿĵ֮ã
˫Խ񣬳ֳһƬ졣ǿ˿̵ĺȺֱ֣
תͷȥȻɱ˲ٵˣֲһ滹ǵһο
ͷȻһĻ̫ĸо
ˣ
ʮӺֹ˶˵һʹɣĥѾˣ
ã
ͷǿãȻұҪĥȥɣ
°гȻһóǿͷ­߸߷Ȼ˿ʬѾûκκõĵطȫļ˱Ƭ¶ЩѪ;βҵ˼㣡
϶㿴Ҹ㱨ˣ㱨ˣ
ĳŭţ᲻ϵش۽Ե쳣
үү֮飬ϣܹϢǿӰӶˣ
ͬգɫˡ
ϵĳǱˣɲΣȴôҲ
һʱ䣬һΪŵطûжԣþδ
һطߵǳǿʬǰһЩɫĩĩӴʬɲǣʬϱ̹ཹཱུðɫݣʱ䣬һʬȻʧ٣һĩû¡
ɾ·ߣ
ʬط뿪
ԣߣȥ¥
ͷȻʱвٵʱ䣬ȴҲܶͣ
Ȼ˸Էɿ컻ɾ·׼뿪ɲǣһЩ˴ԶٶҪȥ뷨ʹ𣡡
վס
ΪһʮŭȳʮӰ̽˰Χ
һ겢Ůӣü΢ɨһܵѪɫʲôˣأ
ԳͳΪףʮʵͶԪĸԪ֣
ΪҴ٣ΪҴС㣬˵ʵȻǵϸɢű֮ȻֳǸԵı࣡
ԭǳͳ㰡
ߣ΢Цλʶô
ŶѶõĵܵܰɣ
һ˵ô˺жɣҼǵܹϵܲ
ǵģң
ͷڱ˵磬㣬ҲߴҵĴϹģǵǵʱѾˣ룬³Ѿܲˣ
Ļͳ˲ɫѿ˲٣
ǿô˵Ҳǵܵܣõĳү
ǿòʵ
ûأ
ҡҡͷˣʱ򿴵˴Ǳֿ߽ԶˣոǾȥ׷ţˣ
ʲô
ƶʱɫһݣԸĸȥ׷
ǣС㣡
ĸԪ֮ʱָķ׷ȥֻöҲԲκջ
ˣλǡƺֽܿĿطϣϸֳЦݡ
ɫһƾԲ򵥣
ǺǣҺСӵͷ磡
ЦŵǲȥѧԺѧϰôȻǵĵʦںڤϵܺأ
ԳҵĵλҪǵʲô⣬ʶõʾҲشʮֳʵ
磿ŶҼǵǼѧԺȡѧԺȵĵһӵʦǽɣ΢Ц
ǵģ磡û磬ûǵĽ죬ٺ١ЦЦһ֪Ȼʮº͵ˡ
ܿ죬ƺ˳ǿɱԼѪɺӵĻطкվһûжԣƺѾϰ˳Ϊ
һ򵥽̸ƺ˫ĹϵһЩ
ʱ׷ȥ˻ˣȻûκη֣ͳ˶һۣɫ쳣ء
ˣ磬㣬ûµĻ뿪ˣ춼Ҫˣûȥ˯Ц

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218 켫ʥ֮ͽط
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ʴӱ˵СԪ½УһֱѩĮеߴʥ֮һ켫ʥΪ״ӣڳңƵĵλڳ磡
ֻǣǼȶ˵ĳμ̳ˣΪң˵໥ʮĬùϵޱȹ̣ȫûһȨη
켫ʥ߻켫ǻԪ½ߴʥΪصһʵǿȴΪó֮ھ£ܶ˶ҪѰΪһδ֪켫ȴڼ
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һϵɱ¾ȷƣټ֮ҷƶ˵ļٵһ˿ĪΣУҪúϢȫʢ̬пܼһС
ʱҲҹһһʮĸүү־ó壬Լĸٻ
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һҲ֪Ϊôұضŭ֣ʱָôأ
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үүȻطˡ
Ͷ˵һһ˻صУֻδϢǽһεóһЩѾɿ˵ǸһḧЩɫǻľþδ


219 գԪɣ
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תۼ䣬ѹָԺеһңȻһ촫ҴŴ򿪵˲䣬ƮŨҩ㣬ŵ˱̾泩·ϵвʹ˲١
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Աߣǽ֣ŵ˫кˮѾСȽʼնЦݡ
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˹ȫעеƿϣһĻ˵
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̫ˣֱ̫ˣ
ˮֱģ˷ܵ˼㡣
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220 ķŭ
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΢һĵȴ֪ΪΣԽֲ֮С
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죬ѵ㣿
Ŵ⣬ѣþδ


221 ͨ뺣Ӧԣ
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Աߣٻͬɫ䲻ѣ
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ƵĻʱɫһ䣬޲ô˳ȥȴûǸӣ
˿ĿӹɣԼĴ˹ȥȴǵıضǲݵľ棡ȻΪҵμ̳ˣɾ֮ǰһսͬףĶ֣
ɽڵգʱЩ죡
Ȼȴȫûй˼Щ˵˼Ҹûȥô࣬Ѿȫ뵽Լ״̬ȴʮͻڵˣƺһӱеֻǶԼͻƵĿϲ
ܣԽԽӿϵ屻һϼ룬ӫϼӣϼ·һ㣬ɶʮԣ˲ֱӵƣ𡭡
ǿѹԽԽǿʹٴν˿һЩȫҿ
ʱԽš
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ʱ䲻ϵţת۱һʱȥ

˫ۣâֱЦ֮羪װ㴫ѪҪĤݵĳ嶯
Ԫˣ
ԴˣҲɹĴӵԪͻԪΪµԪ֣
ֻǣȴûô򵥣
ֳ֪Լ࣬ԪǱ뱾໥ںϣӶ𵽾޴ЧԵԪʼܹս֮սʵʻԪǵԪĽףԵΪṩԴ
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˸Ա鲻һȻǻ裬˷ޱȣǱȴɫΪѿ˿Ժ˼֮ǰ˵Щԥ


230 ǿ״ˮĽ飿
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ⲻһеĳ֣ƴȫסȥϵͻƣͻǾԲܱŵģͻʧܷˣ򵱳
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һĻĿɿڴ
ɲǼȥ鿴һ³״ֻڸܵһЩ𵴣һתȥ˫΢еĵʲôˣñ°
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ˮʵԵ֤ó˵˶
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ѰˣΪӱɵȻ㹻ǳǿһ޶
ǿ˵һĵ飡
ˮĽ߳ʣλõĳҼһʱЩԶԣ
֪ʵҲǺˣֻǱһʱĳɱζѣ
ˮȻɻһЩ˵һ飬Σ
飿
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231 ⣬ӣ
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232 ս֮Ķģ
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ԥģһŵأ·˽һһٴϮûиԷٴϢĻᣡ
ԷִٵֵȴǺܿ쳹·磡
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ȶԣȴ̾һȻףӮˣ
ͳԱ죬ǳƣɫأԶʦ켫ʥԣЪ
ı֣˵ڳ۵ģû֮һ
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ʼ˵ǰ֮䵹Ǻʹ졣
ܺãȥɣ˼
ͷɿ˶˵Ŀơ
죬ǿ
˳칰˹֣߻ص˳Ǳߡ
⵹Ҳûж˵ʲôıֵȷϣ¾Լֻ൱ԪڵʵҲӮˣ
ǳҲòĴ˵
ΪҼⲢǲΪ⣬ĸǰôԶ
Ϊĳ磬Ҳ
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̾һסְɣˣ
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ĶĵսΪƽ͵Ľ˫ԣܹܣ
ӮˣӮˣ
Ͷϲ쳣֮ǰԼǿҲʹ˽˼׷
˵ǵΣҲǳ׽ˣ
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ĳ˶Σͷǰкμ̣
ԸĻɷҳңҸһϵλã˵
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ܹߴϣÿһӵеԪڵʵ
ʱг֮˶ĽʵĿ죬ȴû˸Ҳǳ˵ģ
Ǻǡл񰮣
ͬһ£漴־ܾԲϲԼټ֮Ҫ޷һǰ£
˶ٺóһָŷɵ˳ǿǰ˵һЩСϣǰܹ£Ǽ⣬ϣǰ˵㻰ǰһʹΣ
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ͷȻԳǿЩ٣ȴܲгŵ
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˰֣ЦŵЩСϣóǰ
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һۣԽԽˡ
ļʶô֪ܲħƣ
ҵĵ伮Щأֻǳ벻ȻаħװУ
Լģ˵ֻǽҵõ
ǲһ֣ⶼѾˣһҪã
ڳǿ֮Ҳȷֲˣ
ðɣҾͺˣ
ǿպôָЦֶ㲻ĻһΣϣ֮ǰҵЩ³çٶֶҲźã
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쵹Ǵһ£˼ת䣬ǹĳһ
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ڳͳƴвɫ£ЦҪȥҼҲûʱ䣡ɣԺпȥңʲôʱֶúõĺȼ
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лǾȸˣ
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ܿ죬˱ɢȥ
ˮҲһͬݶǶȥһ·ˮƺԵЩŹ֣ȻЦݼΪģۼķ֣ˮЩʡ
ڲʲôѵǾãǺͳҵĶԹʹ˽⣿
ʲôݣ˵ʵǣǹǺͳҵĹϵ
ˮˮ㵽ʲôˣ
һ·ţ쿴ڲϵĺǽȴԼ뷨ˮĹ˼ɸ˼֡


234 ϲţػ
ǿǸһ䣬ٴӱϿˣ
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ǲΣڿǲ׷ǿ֮ˣΪǿĸףĻô£
찵ҡҡͷȻƺһΪĵȴ̫ɡ
ڽ׻ᷢʲô£Ҳܲˣֻܵʱвˡ
صݶǣˮȥ֮ʱ׸һ۶Цѡ
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żҵԶΪ׻ȥŸϢүүԨһͬٴȥָȻҵĺ
صָҲΪյսЩƣĶĳ֣;񶼵һƣ޶ȣǳҵ˻żͻսĻļֲ˶ˡ
˯һһʱ䣬һֱ˯ڶ糿žþָһЩ𴲿š
ǰȴڴԻһ˵Ϥ̲֮Ҳɡ
ԱߣϺ㣬໥ĶԻԵʮɡ
˶ͣס˻ͷתȥ
ˣ
ɴЦı֣Ϻֶ˵ˣܲûʧ
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칧һ񣬵ֻͷһˡ
ôǰܣҲþûмǹŮˣЦ˵ˣ˵żѧԺõѧԺȵĵһǿϲɺذ
ǺǣãǴҵĹͣ
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ȻɲǣȴǶȻɫһոµվ
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ȻԼڵңҴźȻ򿪣һŨҩӿֻɲǼռ䣬Ƕͬʱһˬѡ
飡
ţӰ˷ϲãȻѾͻƳɹˣ
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ɵɲǣ鳲һͶĻУףôˣ
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Цǣ˵㿴㣬ףԼ˵ûȥˣ
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Ͼղ֮Ǽ򵥵ĶԻѾȷĳɹͻƣ
ǿ߼ʦ
֮ǰܹ֮ƳƷԪҪؾջǶ֮ǰһֱʦȻмʦУ
񣬴ͻƵ߼ȻֻһȼȻȴмʦ߼ʦ֮¿ǵ蹵Ĳ࣡
ʦһ޷߼ʦıԵŶ
κһУ¾ǲ֮ĳңԴ߼ʦ涼ҪλԲκһϣ
񣬿˵ϲţ
һϲСȽĲΪԪİõ˽ųΪ˱ض̫Զ
ڶϲǿԽȻ֪˶ʲôڿѾƽˡ
ϲʦȼĳɹͻƣ
ʣ¾Ϲʱڣ˭˼ô߼ʦνبδУ
ϲţϵЦݾûʧ
ڵ֪һеʱ򣬸ֿϲܹôһʵŮ׵ļֱ˷ܵĲ֪˵ʲôˡ

Ҵȥˣ
ת۱ȥүҵ죬˵ȥ֮⡣
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ţ
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ţһǣȥһ˶Ÿ˳ӶʮƿƣöǸ۰
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СȽãͬҲϸţطʱһֱڽ̵ʶҲһȥˣ
һ˵Ȳʮ֮һͶˡ
һ·£˻صϡ
ȻѾڣȴȻȻûһ̬֮
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飬үҲʮ⣬޲ÿ㱧ӡ
ź˵ס޺׼һЩ󷨵ıҪϣȻ֮㲻̫ͨԪ½Ͼ֮ͨ˺ٵ£컹ôŵģ
ű̿󣡡
תɱ󣡡
̽󣡡
һʱ䣬Žд¸󷨲ɡ
ȣ̽һ̽󷨣ȫǣֻҪ󷨿Բ̽κ˵٣еֵĻܹʾϵȻ֮á
Σű̿һĽϣ֮λ֮γɵһ󷨣ܹԻס˵ãֻҪͣ£ôһƲĻ¾ֻˡ
ľתɱ󣬹˼һɱ󣬶ǿ첼óҲԣתɱܹоֱ仯ɱ;һ󷨿֮е⵽Ϯݣ
󷨣ͷӵĽ̵ԼؾħƵĿʱ䣬˿ַй֮ľں϶˵֮¾һܹó
󷨺ǿ쿴¾ǵԪǿҲֲ˺ãԪǿҲʮ鷳
Ҳүӵһֹİɣ
󷨵ĿԼ֮үӣɫүүһ־תɱĽԼֱ仯һҪģǧҪˣһʲô룡
첻ԸʶΪԴˣүҲЦӦ


235 չسԣھӣ
үٷˡ
磬㡭
תۣصѾʱˡ
գںԺˣСȽʱ¶˸ӲõЦݡ
ôûϰ𣿡СȽͷųʵ
ϰߣллүģ
ͷ֮ǰֻģøһЩ
ԺǾߣôļңȻҲǵģʵ
̫ˣүҺöԸ⣡Ӧ
СȽС֣Ц˵磬СȽأ
ľͺãСѾͷĲҲõĲˣȵʱүү˽

ĻСȽ̻Сȭͷ˵ԺСȽҲҪʹһרȥЩˣ
Ժ󰡣ǵСȽ϶ǸŮ
СȽĿɰԽԽϲˣˣʼ뿪˺ܳһʱ
ԴʶŮӰ룬ûôʱû档
һʱ䣬ɫЩ㱡
ߣ鿴Ҳס֣İɣһģ
磬˭ѽСȽգŴ۾ʵ
ǺǡһС㣡
عСȽȴǲһ͡
СȽ磬ŮƺϵЩ˰ɣ
ҲһЦҲûȥ˵ʲôҾ£ֻϣܹͺã
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Դˣû˿ԹԣشΪã
ÿѵʱСȽԱЦĿţʱʱĹƼͣʱ򻹻趯СѧϰһЩ򵥵Ķֿɰģš
ӣҪչˣ
ߵطߣ˵Σ
չأҪͻƵٱ䣿طһ¡
һоԳһҪǣҸоҿͻƵħʦˣ쵹Ҳûػص
ǾȥɣģһߵģҲû£ֻҪͺãط˵
ط籾һֱûʲô飬İŮ˵ܵܣط缸еѪϣ˵䲻ĻֱһЩ׶ԶӶҪǧٱ
չص飬Ҳ֪ˣԴҲûж˵ϾʵԽߣҲԽĲǣ
ã˵չصʱڣѾΪ߼ʦסңΪһЩҩڲϲö룬ЩĴҲв٣ǲĻԴӶֶã˵ȵҩƳɹָһЩǡ
ߣֵһ˵ǣ鱾߼ʦǶĻһĳɹưƷҩȻҲֻ֮ܣɶ֪

ԺУϴڱ̲ؾеķһģһҲרŰ˲õģΪľܹħʦ
ұ󷨱¾ضɽҡҲȻܵ˿Ӱ졣
ǰǧýһСϲתţһȴǿӡħҪĸֵߡ
ʱ䲻ϵţȴľһţһ㶯ûУ
ӡħƣҪʵ֮⣬ҪƽȵľӶһʻϵʧܣᵼħƱըԴ˵춼Ѿ˽ѵ
ħʦʵ˵˻мħʦУֻҪˣҪͻҲǲܵģ
֪׹ȥãȻһâһħǧý趯ݣʼǰ·ϼٻ
Աϸ۲Ļֲᷢû˿ͣٻǲһʶһʶɣ
ǣħƿӡ֮ɲǣȴǰϢҡҡͷ
ʧˣѵʵԵʣ
εţħƵĿӡƼ򵥣ʵΪӣħƵԽԽ࣬ѶҲǳɱӣ
磬ħƱһħҪħƵĿӡҪıĵ˱ʮԴƣ
һεʧܣûиʲôӰ죬ϵسţڱʱʱը֮ҵ󷨱ҲõЩᴫȥ

չسͻƵʱүȴǽӵ˵ڽʱ˺ܶİףǾȻʼ򷿾סΪϾھӡ
֮ǰǻϮ֮ʱȫԱ֮ϵÿһʵ򶼿˵үӵĶĿ
һİǰүӶȻһʱӵϢ
ԭ⼸ԽԽ˶ӵ˵Ҳ˲٣˵Ӧòʲôµģ⼸ʱЩھӶѯʹҵһУ졣
ԴˣЩϾǵȻܲע⣬ͳ֮үӵбһݲϣϸЩھӵľסλãԼѯʵĸ⣬ӦоУ
ˡ
үӵô棬ɫΪء
үǸô죿ڤվ࣬ʵ
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ã
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ܿ죬˿ű̿ڣүʱƿڵһб仯ٿ϶˶˺ֺطޱűеһĨ֮ɫ
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ӣͬʱҪһУ
طԥػصЩһģҪǵ뷨Ȼȡڲ˵½£ͬʱпܵĻŹһЩ˵߳׽


236 £ħʦ
ת۰ʱȥЩھӵĵûȡ̫Чÿһ˶ڱӵ£ֻҪǸκ춯үӶһʱõϢȷӦԡ
ʱеѵҲȡ˺ܴĽطԴ˼Ϊ⣬үӵĿ£ҵıѡһЩܹΪṩĶԸ
̶ʱУѾӵ˶徳صʵͻҲֻһ֮ң
һȴҪһĸԵ򵥴ǲܵģ
ֵһ˵ǣСȽʱĻָѾȻһ£ΪµĿĹȻ˵ĹһλԶŮ
ڱչ֮ǰİţүԸѡһλŮʦԽ̵Ҳǳĺã˵ǾԪãӵĽѵʣټСѾͷʹϻۣʶҲûκεѣͻȫ˳µ顭
һ㣬ڼ䣬Ҳ˼ΣÿһζдĵҩóȻ󲿷ֶƷƷƷҲ٣мŰƷҩ
һУүӿѣϱ˼ҸԽԽˡ
ֻһ˿ĵУȴһֱûκγص˼
׼ȷ˵гԿӡŵħƣ
һһεʧܣȴûκεķ֮⣡
ֻǣµʱ䣬Ѿ˷˲ٵħͲϣҵǧýǼƷҲ˶κ١
УǲУ
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Ϊʲôܾòһ㣿һ㵽ʲô
˼⣬ŬĳУϵؽ
ѵ
ͻأģȻһ뵽ʲôȻٴǧýʼһֵĳԡ
ħɫޱרעֵĶѸݶңħƵĹ켣ʵĻװϸɢӫ⣬鶯
ŬţԪתͨǧýںħڲϿӡ
ڣ
аȣϵĶʱ٣ǧýٶȸǿ
ŴŴš
΢Ħӿӣ⾲׵ԵЩ죬ȴ˿ûκٶȫעļϵĶ
ء
Ȼһ촫ԭӡħƵ·ͻأըѿΪ⧲˱ĺ˲١
Ȼһεĳʧˣ
ҵǣЩħԿӡɵ˺̫
ǸղָоƺҿҪץסˣ
εʧܣпϲѣܿصǰǼ·Ƭɨڵϣֺܿµ·Ȼ·ͬıӡħơ

һ˼ֳǧýٴμٶԱһħϣǧý໥ںϽһֵĳԡ
䡭
ܿ죬һ죬ʾʧܣ
䡭
Σüεʧٴγ֣еϲɫȴԽԣܸɴվǰһεĳԡ
׻˵úãʧ˳ɹ֮ĸ
һεʧܲҪֻҪܹʧҳɴӶĽôɹضڲԶ
仰ڵ˵ǡò
ټ֮θоڿӡħʱʧܵʱԽԽüζۿҪɹˣˣȴԽ̼ĺʤģ
ڣڲ֪ȥõɲǣǧýһλĳ֣֮ǰһֱδֵʧȻûг֣Ǽ·ϵħѾӡˣ
һɲǼ䣬첻һһֱŵľҲ˲١
ڳɹˣ
ܹоԼЩ仯ȻƣЦȴǸŨ
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ףһεĳɹ˵ʲôֻղͻƵĳɹ
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ûָ۷״̬󣬱㿪ʼµһοӡ
ֽͬһ㣬ֻҪһ㣬ôͺðˡ
콫״γɹ־оȫģڽһһεĳиڻͨĳɹʱڽ߳ң
ѾһΪ˵ĳɹˣ
ϹʱڣҲûжħʦߵļʣ
Դˣ첢ô⣬ΪڿӡǰħƵʱǰٷְٵĳɹȻлǧýԵʣȴҲ˵һ㣬ħʦȷŵʡ
תۣǲ֪ùȥȷԼɹ޷֮ǽһεħƿӡͣ
û뵽Ҳˣ
ҲǳɹͻƵħʦαչصĿ֮һ
쳤³һתŵͣס漴߳ҡ
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û뵽Ȼȥʮ֮࣡
찵ԿЦһ£ˣҹɫ֮£ٵĻһɾ·
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ȥҵ㶫ԣ
оӹ죬㳯Ա뿪ܿڳҵһЩѾ˵׷Ͳȣûнľô¡
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·ϣҲһЩҹѲߵĻҲ΢Цһͷʾ⣡ֻЩȻô˻ߣȴҲҶʲô
ϾҼûй񣬵λȴʵʵڵģ
нʯСϣܾ׵һиľ֮У΢紵ܵҶݣټ֮ЩʱʱĳǸ㻷ƽֲԽо
֪䣬ŲԽԽҲƽϿʼƳһ˿˿Ϣ·ܿռ䳹Ϊһ壬˵
΢磬Сḧ
ǹ⣬Ȼ貣һյյҫء
ܣһƬļһȫɣ˵ľһ˲õ޾
տǻԷ·Ƶģγһ컺У˿ȴ޸онĲ澹Ȼͣ˾ôɢվԭأܵӿţ·ǵľŵһ㡭
ָо޷ȴճյسԡ
һ˲ȴַ·ǧ֮á
ξǻϣҹǿǣտɫǻԵ£ԽԽ˷ӿ˿ʶУڵԪǼתܵЩϵ뾭
ΪҹԵʣһβδ˿Ҳû˴˿ƽ硭
ͻأģĪһ˫ۡ
УһâֱϮҪƲһ㣬ԭƽһ˲䱻ƣǹ貵ҹգȻգۼ磬¡¡ҹг˷ϴ˯еǷ׷׾ѹ
죬ȴĵԽƽ˵ƽޱߵĿϲ
Ϊ֪ĵͻƾҪˡ


237 ŹԲ
ٱһͻƳɹǾζʵһԾΪ൱ڵԪ֮ˣ
ǡаڣÿһεĽٱͻƶضзԾʽȻÿνٱ䶼֮Ľ٣һαһθ˵⡶аȫУ
ͻƵٱĸڿϲͬʱȴֽš
뵱Ľٱ֮ʱлڵЩ˰æе˺ܶ࣬Զɹ
֮Уһκʲôˣ񲻳ף
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ֲĵ֮գۼΧۼ˲ٵˣүүԨ飬ط磬ڤСȽˡ
һĻúڤǰ죬ȴ𺳣
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Ҫǰȴүסˣ飬Ҫ嶯
үүȾ硭
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켱æ˵ţүү˶˺󣬷֮ܳ갡㣡
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ԭһֱڴָУΪ̫ˣֻû뵽ⶫȻܵʲôǣԼɳ
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ŴŴš
ȻѵʱǿʯͷѾɵ֮ϣһ缱ٻ䣬ʯͷΧۣգۼγһʮֹƺؼеһйڴʱȫʯͷ棬ίʵ첻Ľ
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ԭƼΪͨʯͷЩİ£ϵ¶˹ѵĺۼһƺɫ䣬¶һȭͷСԲתѣǿʼЩâ
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⡭
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⵽ʲôȻܹ磡
һʱ䣬ط㿴ңģŹ


238 飿ټ˾
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֮Уطصղŷһжһһʮʱ־ȡ
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Ϊ֪أ̫֪
Ҳ밡ԭΪҵͻˣȴֱӽң
Цõ˵طҲü˼һԲֻһֱŰڷϵӣΪŹ֡
үڳ˼Ƭ̺󣬱Щ졭
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Ȼ⣬ǹԹظһ飬˵ǲ֪Ϊʲô͵ҾòһʱӾԼҵĴָз˳ƺȫգ
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үһ˼Ե飬Ƕϵľſӣֻн룬ܹչ̶ֵȣ
ѵν飬֮һʵ

үӵͷŴеĸ飬ľ飬ˮ飬Լ⣬ֱ֣Ϊʱ֮ʱ֮飬пռ֮Ŀռ֮飬֮ԼһΪصֻ飡
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ߴߴզզ˵ͣЦѣطͷߣôһ˾ռүӶûУ
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˾æЦ˵ʵ캣̽ϢģֻԼ캣ͭǣԡ


239 ż
캣ԼĹȼƶȣΪ׽𣬻ƽ𣬰ͭԼȼÿȼŲͬŻݺϢȨޣ
֮캣ͬʱ̽ԷϢĻһһͭô캣ƶȣ˵ͭϣ෴ͭʲôò
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240 һŵչ¶ݣ
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Цˣ컳УССӹĽүСҪˡ


241 үүػѧԺ
үүң
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үרԺУֻүΧûκӰ
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ҲԼأˣΣʼնԨӣҵļ
үɫʵǿ˵һеһԲܽпܵĻүүϣĴʶϾﻹ̫СһЩ
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Ȼ֮ǰҹͻƳɹĻүӻĻ˵
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үЦŵԽԼүү򵥡
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ЦЦ漴ɫүүħʦˣҴڻѧԺ֮ǰһЩװӡħƣȻħ̫˷ѣħƻǿԿӡģ
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ֵһ˵ıڵٴθһЩ伮ͬʱҵŮһѵ˶λ˼Խ־⡣
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գ׼ѧԺˣֻطҪһ̵СȽһΪϵүүТ
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ˣ뿪֮ͬ·ľֻˡ
Сһ·УЦＸûͣȥһ˲ݶǣȴˣѧԺѧԱ¼Ѿˣѣܣټ϶˶ʮ֮ǰǰȥѧԺ
ԴЩΣȥָŸݷú󣬱һͬѧԺķȥ
һ·ϣҲûзʲô飬˺˳Ļص˼ѧԺľռС
ոջʱ򣬹ȴڵһʱһ仰ǣСӣҲ̫嶯ˣǳҿǸȻǵôðɣˣΪʲô֪ͨǣСӣѵҲǼѧԺһӣ
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242 ħŮ޾ף
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¾ѧԺеһЩŮʦȫ޷⣡
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ȻһƬѩ׵УȴһĹľذڷǶڹľһ˫ۣκѪɫŮӡ
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ڱԱߣħŮȶǶ˵ЩʲôȻϴЦݣȴˮһεεľӨǰۡ
磬ǡ
һα˴Ȼܵıѩͬע⵽ϵıɫͳһЩ
߰ɣ飬ȥ
ûлشǣСǰǱкѪɫһ΢ƶţƶ㣬ֻˣ

ڳƶɲǣǾ֣κһŮܹȼ硣
ԱߵȶȻƶ˫̥ȫͬͬ־ϾòŮӡ
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ȶûķһֻۣǻүͷ˵ģȻ˳ҵɵ㣡
ȶеүͷˣָľʦϹԶԼʦĸĪˮ
Ȼһֱ춼̫֮ĹϵȴףȶƶʦɳչԼġ
һ㣬һֱʦӹмͷӣһֱ俴ûʲôĵмȴȫܹ׵ġ

챻Լȳľ̬ȶֱЦ˶˫ҡβѣʱ·һ㡣
ȶȻħŮ֮ơ
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ΣգҪһȥɣԥĵ
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ңҲ֪ȶڿЦҲûϡȻ֪ЩʲôõģҲеƶѲ˸ϵҲԹԵվһûжʡ
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ȶûж˵ʲô˰Сֺתȥ
ȶ㣬ȵȡ
ĳȶŲһ٣תͷЦô᲻ý㣿Ҫý㱧ף

ٴħŮĵϷֱ޴ڡ
ˣȶ㣬Цˣ
Цõ˵ʣûټʲôʱܻ

һԣҲʱ˶䣡
СѾͷͬϲýЩ̲Ҳȫɱ˵ҵˣһϢ̽Ϊ˺ܾء
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Ȼ˭ҲûпƶƺһĨǳǳЦݣ
ƶһʱ䣬ȥǽָеǻ껨ٷϾܹõرҩݵҩԣһΪĴ治ҩʧôǺڶˡ
صסԺ䣬쵹ûѩɽ֮ϵֱϴϰԵЦݣ˿ȾҲ˹һЦ飬ֻѺȻЦݣȴʼֹģ
δõһȻֵÿģҲֻһ
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ˣһǼӱȥɣ

ڿЦĻиԺܿɢȥʱ˹һԥ˵죬ʱô㵥ġ


243 ʥ֮ԣټͷӣ
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ͷҡϣҡҡλεӣɢúܣһ֡
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ͷص֪ΪΣЩϵǣϴѧԺʱָоֻϧʱѧԺȽ֮ûʱȥ̽һˣ


244 ǵĻ
ϴò԰ЩӼֱ̫ˬˣһ¿ģУ˵ɣҪô⳥˵С飿
ץ֣һĲ밧Թ
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ԣǶо˵֮ʱشɵһ飬˲˲٣罿εĻΪ֮ԡ


245 񽣵ġҸ
ʣҿô
˵ڣ˹ǫǫ˵
У
ûػصûǲӭô߿
λС㣬ûǵɣ
ЩΣֹסҪֵˣ΢ЦߣѾҲֻ߻һλҲĶ
㲻⻻طǵ֣鷭һۣӵ
ͷļһһ֪Ǻˡ
϶Լݲ򵥣ӵпƭЩµŮˣ
ʲôˣ˵ѾûУҲȻῴּһ
ʱҲ˿ӣɫ˵ﲻӭ£뿪
Ӻα˾ǧ֮⣿
ǿ꾹ֱһЦĵҲӶѣαˣҳ⣬һܱȶһҪһЩɣ
ߣ
˫΢У˵ӣʮֲǹ˼Χ˶ĻҪֱӶˡ
ߣ
ƶĵͷ漴ȴתһ£Ů˰Ц׿ԭΪǿλС㰡İɣûأ

˻ʱЩȻ
˵Ů
ȻһЩȴһݣкᣬƫƫͻȴǰŮԻע⵽վϰΪݣɻˡ
λ硭
ʱǿĳȥһ˫ԿκξŮĵУŨŨһ㺣ĺ׳׳ŶССңʲô֣ɲԸСܣ
˵䣬һֱӳȥһֱרעڳԺȵĿ⧲֮£Ǳؿڡ
ʱģֱһŮ࣬˵ݣɬ΢΢죬²֪öĶˣƫƫǸˡ
ۡ
񽣻һ飬ոιľֱ˳ҵʱת򣬵Ҳûκϡ
æȥ񽣵۵ϲˣ

ʱ׹ԭ֮ǴǵĻ˼ҿ˿󺺣
ңȻϲˣ
һʱ䣬һֻۣԺֱֱë
磬㲻Ҫܾô
죬˼ҿɲκŮ˲أ㿴˼ҳûŮ˵ش֮⣬ʲôطȲŮ˵ģģ˼һܶܶ෽϶ôڴϺܵأ
ۡ
ӣʳǷ׷׸˳һҺͿ񽣵ĿⶼŹ졣
죡
񽣻ѣվŭϲˣȻ㣡
磬Ҫô˵Ӻ˼ҵŶ㶼ŵ˼ҵСĸζͨͨͣء
˵䣬ָٴγֹȥ
ٶȼ죬ֻһӰӹ˿ǰ
һĻʱ˫ͫһҲ򵥣
һ㿪綾֣߰ŭԶ㣡ڿ£
磬ʲô
ҺǰԹ˵ţ˼һӶԴһŶ磬Ҫ֪ŮǺܻܻģǾֻƭˣңҿǻ۴ģ

˸һŻ£Ҳ̫Ҫˡ
ϲзҲˣôǰֱֳ޷ܡ
ڰŻͬʱЦѣû뵽񽣵ҸȻͻȻ
֮ǰ÷ͰŮ˵׷֣һ˿УҸô
ȴһ߳˵ʲôŮ˾ͻƭˣ
㣬˼ҲҲֻǴˣ
ôһɣҶʱίľ죬˼Ҳû˵ŶǧҪԺǣ
㡭
òУ˵Ժǲ˵ֻƭô
»Ů̲ͬסŭˡ
ˣ
ëæס˵ʲôҲԵòˣСˮɣϴ裡
еģеģСæӦ
Ǻã߰ɣ飡ȥϴ˯ˣ
켱æ鳯¥ݿȥæүǰأ
㡭ҹܲˣ
ڰ֣˿˼Ǽ飬һͬ첽ߵصغ÷ŵˣڶӵ˲䲻ɵùЦЦ¥ϺĴ£ڶʳҲ̲סˣŽЦ
ڴʱЦ˾ֻп񽣺Ǹˡ
˵񽣲Ц޵˼ˡ
硭
һ׼˵ʲô񽣵۳죡
ҡ
죬ȴǹȻĲٶԣһ˫κξ˵ĵУȴԽŨŨ㺣ƺⱲѾ϶˿Ƶġ
һĻ˿
㲻ǰɣߣ
񽣳¥ݿȥҲûкζգۼ㵲˿ǰ棬ٶֱ֮զ࣬˷׷װֱ˿ˣʵԲ͡
һʱ䣬ԭҵĳЦ˺ܶ࣡
ϣһжʵΪֻҪʵ˵ϲзˣϲŮ˸ԡ
˫ͫ΢Ǳ˿ҵı
ߣ
һ󣬼Լ¥ɣ񽣶Ȼλһ糯Ŵȥת˲뿪Զ
磬ȵ˼Ұ
Ҽ״ʱ׷ȥҲΪµǣҲֻܿٸţҲκ

磬˵᲻Ķ
ڣһЦ˵ţȴֺܿ쿩Ц
ò˵һĻȷ̫Цˡ
ֻı飬ЦãҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣ龹˫ֻסĲӣ촽յĶߣĵ˵ǸôͿأ

һ˻첻һ뵽ģһ顣
С椣ôĵӣȻүҶ˰
΢һſĴϣ˼ǷΣٸҺ˵үôʰ㣿
ѽ
ѣֵĶԽΣԭǱ̣ĿĴӡ
ע⵽ЩʱͷаʢСֱ̼ܵӶ̻˫૳磬Ҫ
ϴԧԡȻүٺݺݽѵС椣
վɿȥֱӽ뵽ԡڣλûϴ꣬һŮսչֿҲ֪ܵʲô̼һȡţڳȫͬĸƣܵޱߵ޸
ȥʱϢĵӵڴϣʱٺĳȴǱ׷޷ͣи֣ƫƫƺǲŹһ׷ţֻҵĸΪʵв޷ʱϡ


246 Ѳң
ˣ׷в
ĲϲˣҲŮˣ
׷ŲŰˣ
񽣴Ŵ˵ȴʧŮˣôܣЩŮôϴ㣿Ҳţ
Ųţ
һ˵㰳вĲϲģŹɣ

ҺǼᶨ˵һϲˣҺһ԰磡
ŲŰ㣿
ֻҪңҾԲ֣磬ɣ
һ˳ܵģÿսȭͷ治֪ôźá
սɿɿս˷˺üΡ
񽣿ɥ㵽ϲһ㣬Ļô
УҾϲˣ
۷Źĵ磬㲻ңҾ֪϶ҲϲҵģȻԲ᲻Ĵң磬ȻãǾһɣұ֤һôģҵļԲκһŮ˲
ҡŻ
ʵ̲ס˳Ҳδ̫Ҫ˰ɣ
磬ôˣ
״ҶʱļҪǰ
̰֣
磬ҡ
ίľ죬ʵ̲סˣ͵һȭӳˣҲ㣡
ȭ˲ϢȴμΪݵܣÿ񽣵ȭͷֱ˿մ
磬Ĵ˼ң
İԹģǸŮ¶ʱ飬ɴ˿̿ȴԽŭôˣҴ㣡
ķŭˡ
ûô
ðɣ磬Ȼˣ˼ҾһҪˣҪ˼ңô˼һܰܰŶ˵
Ҫˣ밳Զһ㣡Ҫٳڰǰˣ񽣵
ãұ֤첻㣡Ǹĵ˶ɣְɣ
죬һҼӣ񽣵ٴγ֣񱩵Ƴ𣬵ɫһЩ
ء
䡭
Ƨ֮˴ţȭŶԺ֮ȴͣ
֮࣬Ҹǽϵ˵һЩԿ񽣰ĽѵĻÿӷŭԥļӴĹƣܿ㽫ѹȥϾֻӵǰڵʵ񱻿۷˺ֵĹţռ˶ٱˣ
ܿ죬ֻáءһұһȭУƾ辫΢㿪һЩ´ʱѾˣˣһεӮѾ
ˣ
Ҽ˺׵ң˵ס˵ģ밳Զһ㣡˵꣬񽣱̼뿪˵أһԹҡ
ĵӰٶС㣬û°ɣ
죬үҵ۵
ǣү
һæͷȴſ뿪ķǻһĨЦ⡣
ү
ʱеһСĳ²֪ǸΪʲôСү˿Уѵϲ
үʲôҪô
һ֮ǰºͣΪʱʻ֮ӣǸ
ˣҲǹıСү
Ұ˰֣ǲ򵥣δӼû뵽ܹĺһ𣬶ҺͶõģϾǡ
ˣǻȥɣסյǶҹܺͣҲϣ֪
ǣү
ܿ죬˱뿪
ʲôС㣬ʲôүģ񽣲֪ҲԼҲǽ£ÿһ

תۣٺѾȥҲ˺ǴԼޡ
⼸ʱУǸҵгŵδ
ÿ񽣳Ӧ÷˰ɣ
Ȼ˵ܲٲܲپ͵
˳Թ緹׼ȥʱ򣬸ոմ򿪷ţҴĸվſڡ
ӣС㣬Ǻãλģһ
ôˣ
Զʱɫ䣬ŭ˵ôֻҪˣͲٳڰǰ㾹Ȼ˵㻰
磬˼˵Ŀǡ첻㡯ⲻѾȥô˼ҿû˵أҺίľС죬
㡭ҡ
ͣϸһ»ˣɫΪΣɥ˵㵽ҪôŻŹǰ˻ôͲҪپŰˣ
磬ҡ
ҧ촽ʵĵ磬ôô
ǵģ޲ȥ񽣺ԥ˵
˼ҿɲŶ˼ҿϲ㿩
һķŵˮϲЦտ˵ģһϲҵģҲģ
ҡҺȥ
쳤ХΧܶ˷׷ײĿ
ôѲѡĻ񽣺޲ɱ
ǣӲɱ޹֮ˣҳϲз֮⣬ƺûκζ¼
үˣ
񽣳˵һ䣬ҴҵĳȥȫһСñ׷Ρ
硭
ں溰һȴÿٶٴ٣Ͳ޲ֱ˲ˡ
λֵܣ˼Ȼ񽣲ϲ㣬Ҳͱ˰ɣ
һ£ջáֵܡƺ˵Ҳϡ
ȴҡҡͷƶĵҲһӣ͸ˣžʯΪһϲҵģҲ
˼ˣһŴת⣡
ҳǷǷת뿪ƺεҲûг׷ȥ˼ע⵽ɫĨᶨʱ򣬲һ𣬰Ϊѡ
ˣҲ߰ɣҪôҾõˣ
Ҵ뿪ЯֳԼõĴȥ
ܿ죬סѾȺڴˡ
үǸûɣ񽣲ϳһĿ־塣
ûУ񽣣˵Ҳǵģôôϲأ÷Ͱھһ˶ˣϷʵ˵
үͲҪϷŪˣҪƷˣ
ˣ˵ˣ
ٴЦЦųȥ
ȻֻѾȻһ£ϸϸ˼飬ĺʹҽĽףܿǱԼĴ⼸ʱ䣬һ׼ȫ
տԣΪ˱ٴαǸϣڽֻõ֮󣬱ֱ𺽣˾˵Ǹȥ
һεĳĵһΣȻֻ󣬵ȴļʻʮȶվڼװϣӭźſ˫֣㷢Ʈϴ˼ΪõЦݡ
һĻŮʣ
˿𺽵ĺߣ֪ӺδõϢҾǴ˸ϵˣֻҪϴѾˣСŮ˰ԭؽѵĶСţ찵ѣߺߣҾͲ㲻Ҿ㣬ʱĶܣ


247 
磡
ͻأģһӣĵòǰֱǸӸ߶˰ɣģôôù
ȴڱЦ϶ǸŮ
ٷˣͱ˵ˣֱë
񽣿ɥǺЦ
ϾһĻ̫Цˡ
ͬЩЦãЩ죬Ǹƺر𣬵˵ȡ򣬶һĸоȻҳȡֵ֮⣬ûʲô𣬿ȴ֪ΪΣʼվûб濴ȥô򵥡
䣬߻ĸڵ£
񽣡
ĳ֮ǰ˵ǸҴһܣӮˣ
үܲܲˣ
񽣿ŭȴҡҡͷɫܲᣡҲʵش𣬵ʱʱûзֱҵʲô·
ҡ
ԣȻɿǹԹԵĻһ£漴ҡͷܲӦ켶
ֻǰڵʵܹʼһֱŰүҲ˶٣
·棬ͷֲˣûм
ЩļʶҲ٣˵ûôҵĲô򵥣һʱĬĬͷ˳˼
磬ôˣʲôôʵ
Ҳ˵ҿ²濴ȥ
˵һ䣬漴ҡͷˣ˵ˣӣһ˶ٻƵģ
ᰡôôù
ݴ˾עĺ߻ǰУһ·ϵҲǷƽ˾ҺʮֲڴΧ̲ϴĺ棬ʱʱĿԿһԾ¼˻ټ֮ϢĿ֮С
֪Ѿǰʱʱ䡭
ǵһϵĳƤСŮƵģûº֮⣬ĶˣЩʱʹȻֱԪץˣɢЦݡ
үд
ģָ˵ӦǺ

Զʱüͷһ壬ȴ۾⣬ĶǲǺǿһǵģӿкˣ

һҪǿײжˡ
ܹںٵĺǾԵĸ֣óˮ¹˷ʤ
½ϣ򲻹ĻֻҪӾУޱߺϣĶӣһ£򲻹˳֮⣬;
ޱȲп£ܹĺ϶Ǹ֣֮½ϵǿԶԸ
˳ȥ߰ǲСĴֻٱƽϾЩǼݴ֣ںʱ֮Ƕ˲֪٣ʶڲʮʱ䣬¾ӿٶȣҲӱΧˡ
ϵţѪǾޱǿһС
棬ǽϴһֻϣ˴ȵ
ѪǾޱ
ٴüʵ˵ˣҲӶֻ֯һ㲻κӶٺϴֻΪѪǾޱǺΪһ
˵ųǸΪǾޱŮˣʵΪףһЩԪĸֶУֻѪǾޱķҲ㲻ֻҪһвǻһЩ֧ŵطߣȻĻϾֲʲôˡ
үô죿ĦȭƵʵ
˵أ
ûķһۣѪǾޱȻǸңǾҴȥɣϹأɱˣ
ϣү
񽣺ٺһЦվڴرߣ˫һţЦѪǾޱСǣүүܰһȭ
˵䣬ǿ񽣱һֻƵһֻϣԴϵĽʮԥֱӳȭ
Сӣҷ
ֵǣ֣
Щȴû뵽񽣵νȭȭ⣬ʮʹѣ񽣵ȭͷȭһ㣬ˡǲЩ˵ĹУսٷƵģһֻޱȣûغϵĶ֡
ʱ䣬ʮ㰧أŸԱ֮ʹĺš
⻹ǿĽƾЩǻûʵͱ񽣸ŪŪˡ
ֵܣ
һϣ󺺣
ϵ˶׷һԾ𣬴Ӹ򳯿ֱֱϮȥ
ȻǵʵôǿȴΪŽᣬ˿ûΪ񽣵ǿκȴ֮ġ
һ㣬ҲѪǾޱΪĵطˡ
磬Ҳȥ
۾ӦƮƮŮһܿսš
Դ˱ʾȴҲûֹϾ⼸ϵĺУʵǿҲĸһǰڰˣǿ񽣺Ķ֡
ʵԲһЩп񽣵ıҲڻʲô⡣
ЩѪǾޱĺ˵ǿһ˾ʮӦټʵ飬һѩϼ˪˶ȴҲǶ֡
ֻòҺ֮ϣһ£ҿ񽣺鶼ûɱ֣ǵҲڶ
תۣʮӹȥ
Щ˱һһȫˣһǰ֮˼״̴ӻͳһԲͲ״͵ıһ貵̻𣬺ȻγһѪɫǾޱſ¾ʮ￪ⶼܹһ
Ҫˣ
ʶѪǾޱȷʽ
񽣣飬ˣ㣡ѵ
ϣ
Ӧһ̼ӿٶȣЩڽʱȫ£Ȼûȴһκս֮
ڣ٣
񽣺ٺһЦǺĴ¶һĨЦݣеĲ

⻰Щסˣ鶼Щ΢漴Ҳչֳɫ
٣λ̲СһֱδȤ¶أ
񽣣ֱӶ֣Ƿʲô
첻˵漴ȴǺٺٴЦǰһһĴЩϽвﶼѹθɾҲ˼ͿȥһתȴһЦȥΧЩϣһֻֻڵĲﶼȫ˳һЩʳﶼûŹ쿴
û뵽С椾ȻǿǱʡ
ЩҪˣģ˭Ǻ
ʲôǶҲҪһɣ
ιҵĿӡû
찡ٰ
ЩǺȴҳȫǰԹ
ˣүûˣѹθɾˣ
񽣱һЩĲȻǴһϳ·û˻һԹ
ַٵ飬һֱԡ
磬Ҳˣ
ڿ񽣣鱧Ķֻ࣬ʳ֮ڵģ
飬ǿɲǶ˵Ҳ㹻ʳˣЩԵľ͸°ɣ
ε˵ţ鼴㲻̫Ը⣬ǹԹԵĽʳﶪЩȺУ漴ٴμݴԶȥֻЩԹʹѪǾޱǡ
ٱ˰űǿҪˣ


248 ǿãս
ô̼
û뵽پȻô磬Ҫǻȥ֮󣬾ȥŪһǿôרЩΪʵˣ
˶ˣҪչһƶߣ
Ǯ죬ٺ١
ߴߴ˵ͣȴûͿ񽣶
ȿȡ鰡ñ̲С㣬ôô룿
Цõ˵̫ˣΪĺҪǺ͸ղЩλã˵ô죿
£
ƲƲ죬ЩҲǱģǵļݴ϶ܹܵõּݴ׷ǣ

ͷߣûУһǷ׷Լʵأ
⡭
⻰ʱͣżĳ˵鰡ٿɲǼ£ٸƶȴΪʸ֮ģʱָô죿
Ǿ£
˵죬˱Ժרȥ٣
ðɣӮˣ
ʴԴרĵļݴУһԱЦŴЩˡ
ԴˣֻԶԣһŸղŵջʱʱＸ䣬ģֱ翴Сеĺ࡭
תۣǲʱȥ
ǰĴͣ£
ͻأģһŮ˵һҿ촬ٱƽǴϺȻվŮˣ඼Ƕʮ߰ģֱɫɫԼɫȹȹź粻ϰڶмơ
磬ʲôˣɵʵ
үò˰ɣͷЩϷʵĵ
֮Ե飬˲佫ӶϣƺҪıȷϿǼ١
˵ʲôʲôˣ
ûһó۵ûмǸŮжǾޱӦѪǾޱų
ôŮˣ񽣻Ǻɻ
ϻ
˵ѪǾޱֿ϶ֹųǾޱһŮˣû´ĻŮӦΣŮǰ׷ǺǾޱǽãѪǾޱһ
ԲѪǾޱʵˣǾޱΣ׷Ҫһ㣬ǾޱԪǰ֮⣬κͰ׷ﶼڣ
ǵѪǾޱܹ֮֮ǣõʵҲֲ
ܿ죬˵֮ʣҿ촬ѾǾޱúȻӿ촬һԾգ۱ߡ
ȻкҰ׵վλ˵ӼΪơ
Ǿޱ˫΢еղž˹ҵˣ

ͣסУ¾ǾޱСɣ
Ȼ֪ңʵ㣬в񣬸һȥǸֵúã̵ǿԷŹһǾޱȻ
㣬˵ôʲôСҽ±ǣ׷һֱӵŮˣһ֡
϶ԣȴҪ࣬ڰ׷˵֮ü΢ĵ㣬òɳ嶯˿²򵥣
ӣӦ֪ǵˣȻҳ֣ضǵ̣
֮ԶģѪǾޱң֮ѪǾޱܹչεĹǻǾԲɻȱġ
Ȼ˿֮Ժ󣬺ǾޱͰ°׷ﶼ侲һЩ
ʱȴЦŮ˺òҪǵȶǵģֻԼûǸʵǷˣҲ˼棿֪֪ʲô߳ܣ
㡭
׷ԣҪ֣ȴǾޱ
ǾޱзâĶ飬˵ĲԼʵ㣡ô˵ǽʵǿǣͿˣǰɣ
ߣǣǾͶְɣСҲ뿴ǵж
Ҫͱ̲СȰÿ»У
ǺãǾͱһȣ˭ǿ
׷ﵱһȣкȻһ㳯˹ȥҲʾֱ㿪ʼգۼŮҵսһ𣬸һĿвţγһΪصķ羰ߡ
á
״ǾޱΪΡ
ȻѾˣǾͶɣ
̾һڳ嶯İ׷ǿЦá
˭
ǾޱתͿȥսĿ
˵ᣬ׷ǳ嶯ĻôǾޱһԵĺսӣֻҪмܴԺü첻Է
ҡ
ǰҪӭս֮ʱȴ˻ҡͷȥԸΣǾޱң

˵꣬ȿ񽣻شߵǾޱǰֵźǾޱ֮֮ȻǽӢָۣ̣
ϻôôࣿҪʹ򣡡
ǾޱûĶһ仰漴Ѫɫ佣ɲǱ̳츹ȥ
úã
һǧý䵲£漴չǾޱܿ켱վһ
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綾Ƶģֱӳſ񽣲ƶȥ
ôˣ
գۻָĿɫ䣬æˣǲϱƽĳޣ񽣺ԥĴȡؽ󽣷ĺХУ֮յĽǱɫ޸񵲿ȥɹΣ
𡭡
񽣺þöûôˣŭӯ֮£ŲܶŮʱؽϣΪתԵɢɫâݺݵسֱϮȥ
ˣγͬսţ
Լҵսڴ˿Ѹչ
սǾޱԾԵռϷ磬ԼԣһʼЩұô󿪴ϣǽαȵĽˣһߣͰ׷սҵģǶ˺һ㣬Ȼ׷ʵҪһЩĹȴҪһЩһƽɫһʱֳ֮ʤ
ǾޱС㣬㲻ҵĶ֣
ս֮Уһ߻ǧýǾޱɲСӰ죬һ߿ڵαȣǽ˾ʹȥҿԷŹǣΣ
Σ
ǾޱҧŭСӣҸ㣬̻֪ʲô죬ɱңȻĻ̺û꣡
αأ֮䱾ޣ
ҡҡͷж˿ʱǾޱĴΣա
Сӣⶼҵģ
ǾޱԼսȥɣһ䣬μٺˣսŵɲǣѾ˰֮ϣ漴־ӿʹǾޱʱ֮֮ǰӿֲƣƽĺ涼ʼӿ


249 ǾޱıࣺɫǾޱ
Ϳߵսòͣ˸
ǱƵ÷˰
׷۾ĵֿԿı࿩ӣô
ã
ü΢һ䣬׷̱˱죬Ҳ˵˻ô֪ģΪûأ
㰡
⻰βЦõҡҡͷ漴ҲٶԣеĺǾޱȥ
üɽţ֪ǵ˱Ʋѵʱ򣬴ôҲչֳıġ
ɴ˿󣬶˵ȷǿ
ԼѹˣҲˣ°׷֮ǰսҲɣҪǿһЩʱһĻҲӮ١
ֵĹâȻǺںɫأľȵ
û˿ǾޱķӿȻγ˺ںɫĹâϻۣżǿӣǼ
ǾޱҲֻԪǰڣƾЩƴ˸ӰĻҲǾԲܵģ
СһЩ
쾯ĵı಻򵥣
˵䣬Ҳ׼ʵڵֵסĻֻͬԼıˡ
ڶ£ֱضɥʧԪĶɴˣһҪʱָܻ˵ԩ޳ҲѪǾޱ²֮
ɣҵɫǾޱ
ʱǾޱһУΧɫâѸᣬγһʮֹı࣡
ⱾܴǾޱͬǣǾޱֱΪɫɫԼɫкɫ󣬺ɫɫС
ǡ
µı֮࣬ȴǵһμı࣡
ɫŲͬĹЧڼɫǾޱĵһۣ񳹵׾
ȥ
Ȼ䣬Ǿޱ˫âһʳָָɲǣɫǾޱеĺɫǾޱȻһɫâѸײڶٶȣ켱Ϯȥ
ǵصĻϢһֱ£ʱ˾գۼ亹ˮӿɣǱâֱӻУ»ᱻֱճ˸ɡ
ˣ
״ɫ䣬кͿ񽣼ٺˡ
ȻǾޱȴһЦˣΣȥ
ʱµɲǣúɫǾޱͰɫǾޱϹâڰɫâ˲һܣȻγһڰգ۱㽫ȫ
Ȼ˹ֶΣ
˫΢УȻ˲ˣǾֱ棡
񽣣飡
үİɣ
ӦһϽȻʢȻγһɫֽ鱣˿̵ɫȻ˼㣬ǧý죬ԪļעУֳһʮ׳ĽâǿĽΪĳܼӿ
Ľٱ䡪ն
УâٶܽĲϺХǺɫâӭȥ
ŴŴš
ܿռѣââգ۱Ѿӽ
䣡
䡭
ʱֲĺһۿɼɢ´ֻЩֲĲ˲촷Ʈɢ˵˺֮ϡ
ڲལͿֲ¶ȵУգۼγһУຣˮֱ
Ҫһ㣬Ǿޱʩչڴ˿̻ڰ׹ƮɢǵԽѡ
ǿ
ǾޱһѪӿδӰռƮĿ
㡭
ʱκͰ׷ＱæҲǾޱû°ɣ
㣬չ˺ô㣬ȥʰСӣ
׷˵ţҪǰȴǾޱãҪ嶯㲻Ķ֣
ѵôˣ˴㰡׷ǲԸεĵ£ǹԹԵֻͣöݺݵĿ죬Ĺĵģмֿɰ
һߣҲЩڸ𵴣˲١
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û£Ϣһͺˣ
ЦҡҡͷȴΪ𺳣
ǵһμôı࣬ɫǾޱศɵĹЧץס˵ʲôȴһʱ˵
ˣû˵ϾǾޱڸղŵĽܵһЩ𵴣ûκΣգܹҪһָģ
ںϰǰ׷ɶݺݵص죬ܿǺ໥ȫֻͬĿȸҪͶԷһߵ͡
Щƣ
ʹɣڵãûˣǿɻҪȥżڵأ
תۣʱȥȻָ˹κͰ׷ɫ˲䣬ǲǱ֮ǰǾޱʩչɫǾޱȫУȻܹռһϷ磬˵¾ǽҲһĶ֣
ȴʱЦ׷ﶪһð׷߲ѣ
ŮСӶƵģԼζЦá
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ǾޱҲټָŻصҪɱɱҪһüͷҾͲú
񣬺ú˵Ķ˰ɣүԲ
һĵ˻ӭ˶Ůǳ˰Ŀ⣬ʹÿӣȻŮ˶ĸϻ
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治֪ٷôܶԴүô磿үүҲôҲȲϣ
ж˲һΡ
ǾޱС㣬˵Цˣ
ЦЦѪǾޱΪʵҲ˽һЩǽٸƶѡĿѣ̸ʲôİɣ
̬Ⱥºͣûбֳκεĵ⣡
ǾޱɫȻΪ⻰ÿһЩȴȻŮ˵İһ棬ߵ˵úǲԸ⽻֮ǰµЩ

ԶʱָָƯĴֻкЦ뽻ҲˣЩ϶ȥˣ
㡭
Ǿޱʱɫ΢΢һ죬׷ǹ۳ǹ㣿ߺߣǣô
ô˵ǵģ鲻Ըˣ̷
֮ǵĴ
ǵĴ
Ůˮٴζģ类β͵èƵģͲûٴζˡ
״ЦЦ漴ǾޱΣĵ˵ʵǵ֣Ҳ棡ǾޱС㣬С㣬Ϊأ
ߣ
ǾޱܱԴӳѪǾޱ֮Σ
ȴ΢΢һЦ˵ǲ֪λӴΣ
ܼ򵥣ҪҴ
ָŲԶõĿ촬˵ɲǣǰ׷ȴĶгĿֱָ죬˫ֲĵ۽߳СӣѴҪˣǽôȥ


250 ͬУ
ǵĴڸղŵĶսб٣ھֻʣһңҪȥˣԼֻںƮһʱΪʵԵʲʲôΣգһʱ䳤أ
εε˶񲻳˺ħ޵ĸвͣ
ã
ν׷˻ȥЦʹմ
죡
ӡ
ף˵ѵĿǽ޾Ϲ¿ôȻ˵ȷ³çˣ֮ǰΪҲδЩɥʧȣ
㣬˵ôʲô
׷ƲƲ죬ǲĵ۵ߣҾͲǣߺߣ
ã񣡡
һ䣬漴ǸӲҪֱ֣ڿ죬ʲôͻ˵
Ǻǡ
ЦЦȴߵɱأѵǻҪٶֲɣ
λСǡεҲΪ⣬ĿһĨ⡣
ҵŮˣֱԵ
ԭˣ
ӯӯһЦ˴ԲӣҲǲʶɣȻԸֱһЩȴҲ˵ǻˣ
ǻˣߺߣ
ԣߵǲǺôרЩٵ飬ǻʲô
Ϊ밡
׷˳ҪǱȣǽô䵽˾أΪ˭ִС㣬ŽԿ׳ʳǣޱȰߣҿ㣬Ǹ֪Ѱ˼ҵĿ࣡
Ѱ˼أһԪǰڣڣ⻹Ѱʾķ
ǽԼĽ
׷ͦͦأ漴鱥˶˫壬ƲƲ죬ߵش˲ôһ˵شأߣ
˵˭شԣҿǰͺһƽˣǱأ
Ǳ
ǣ
㣡
գۼ䣬ֺͰ׷ǣ۵Ľ㾹ȻشС
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ٴν׷˻ߵ˵Щʲôð׷罾ĿȸһͷȴûٶԣƲƲ죬ͦͦȰ׷˫壬߻ߡ
С㣬˵䲻ĻĴҪǵĴܹס뽫ٵĻȴҲʲô£
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⡭
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ԶʮѪǾޱڣֻҪһٻ˺ܿͻᵽˡ
ֻǣôԼĿ촬öʮֲޡ
ӦòǿΪɣ
˼һǻһĨЦݵĵСŮû´ĻӦҪ°ɣ֪ӵΪ
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һۣ֪Խ಻Խã
ô
һȻҲ֪ʲô£żΪҪԸȥĻǽҲ˵ʲôֻǣϣҪӵĴ²ǣ
Ҳǡ
ոտ׼˵ʲôȴԵһӲǸ֮ˣͼı
ڶǵʵ½Ҳ֮Ϊ겻˶飬ܳͷĿҲǰɣ
ǽݺ꣬Ը˵ָƣȴҲǵȥСŮû´ĻǴУ뺣ĳСйذɣ
޾Σأǽ˶Ը˽⣬Ҳ֪ĶȫĶΣգ˽⵽һЩħ޵ϰԣԸôȥǽҲԷ㣡ȻʵȷҪǿһЩСŮӿԱ֤˵ˣȻţ֪ô
һһɫ΢΢һЩ
νǿѹͷߣԹ治٣
֪С˵ЩҪʲô˼ʵ
ܼ򵥣νзݣ
תһ£ЦǽÿԽ촬͸ǣиҪͬ·ղӵõʲôǽҪһ룡

δһʱɫһС治ѪǾޱҰֺ̣
ӹˣ
ѵСͲģдӦɱ֣С˵⺣Σأ˭Ҳ֪׻ᷢʲôǽһǵѪǾޱҲ˶ԪʹûɣЦ
ͲӵˣСŮӵǺӵΪˣ
һЦػص
û뵽С㾹Ȼܹң
ЦЦȴתһǲͬ⣡ˣ˲ǣǵʵ㲻һԵִĿĵأ;Ϣαǣ
⻰ʱ΢΢ͣ漴ȴһЦӺαˣڴϣܱԼԪиãߣ⺣ϲκϢ֮ѲϢʱȻշţ»ѵʱ;ɣ
ҪͬУҲǲԣ
룬
˵
һҪԱܣ¾εҲܸ֪
һ㣬ӾܷģǿԶ췢ģ
ڶջƽ֣ǶˣǶǰˣңջҪѡ˳ɣ

βЩԥϾ׻õʲôջ񻹲֪΢һ㣬һЩħǮƷĻҲ㲻ʲôһҪʲôĶ˵֪ҪЩʲôء
γǾޱȥһεͷӦãǴӦˣòҪǽõڻҲǣƴҲǵõκζ
һģӦ
˵ɣϣҪ̫Ϊ˲źã
Ǻǡ򵥵ģ
ЦЦ˵˵ѪǾޱбﲻ٣½֮ѡ
ʲôⲻУԲУ
ԺԥҡͷȴȻһЦС԰꣬һһЩλȿΣ
˵䣬콫ӡħƵһݵŮǰ
ǡ
Ůôܸо֮һ۲ʱ𾪡
ԤϵΣ΢ЦѡΪĻҿ԰˵Σ
⡭
һ⻰ŮʱЩĶ
㿴ңģպǾޱͷãǴӦˣϣ˵㻰
ģȻʲôˣȴҲһŵǧĵ
ãǾӼݴɣ
ã
һּۻ֮ԭǵ˵˱ͬһ촬ǰٺȥȷҪ֮ǰҴһЩҲܹʡٵʱ䡣


251 ִǵ֮ħԣ
˾ṩĺ·ͼټ֮ǾޱŮڱָ㰲ȫĺ·ߣһ·ҲûκΣգڻ˽ʱǵִ˾˵ǸС
ʱУÿһ춼ܹͰ׷֮ĻΪЦá
ңŮƣôҲûж֣ƺ㳳УԭЩжԵŮȻЩϧ֮С
Ҳһ߼ݴһǾޱν̸ţǾޱ˵һЩȻΪѪǾޱĴ㣬ȴֱڿ죬ԽΣֱһթĺ꾫ӲݣԼеʲôĿģҲǱڲźܺõ󶼻˶˿ûй¶һ㡭
ڿ񽣣ƺȫģеľƺûʧʱʱóȿš
ЩȱΪ׼ģڣҲͳȫ˿СӲĳԻ
һ·⼸ʱôȥںƯ֮ǵִǸС
СѧԺȵǸȲϣ콫ǳˮкһͬ´ǵ
ϸľдУмԭʼɭ֮У˴ĿȴʮỤ̃ܺҲһΪ֮ء

׷ܣƲСʲô죬òǼǴ˰ɣ
УҲû˽
ڱûĵ˵Ҳû£ߣû㣡
Ҳû˵
׷﷭һۣܴ
ȷطЩͬ
Ǿޱü˴ŨҪһЩһ޺𣬿˴ȷ򵥣
ǺǣӦûģ
ЦЦ߰ɣҪ̫ʱ䣡һǵһЩʲôΣգ
ߣ
ܿ죬˱Ĵ»ǰУͨɳ̲ǰɭ֣ԭ̫յĻʱȴ˲١
˾·ͼǻУЩն֮Уһ·Ҳ˲ħ޵ʬ壬Ȼ󲿷ֶǵͼħޣȴ˶Ծ˲١
ܹնɱ˶ĵͼħޣضҲи߼ħ޴ڣ˵ͬʮɽǰ㣬ħ޵ȼǵԽԽߡ
һСģһҪ߼ħ޵ע⣬Ǻؽ롣
ƣתһʱȥ
׷ﲻ׻жðôȥ鷳ѵͲֱߣ
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Σ鷴αʱôˣס
һѲģʱ֪·Ҳݵͼн·߻ḴһЩ԰꣬Ӧò˶Զˣ˵
׷ŲٶԣǰС
ء
䡭
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⣬Բͨħܹģ
ô£
˵ı˲䰲㿴ңģԡ
򶷾ǰ棬Ҳǵıؾ֮·
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õ˵ߣ
׷ƲһСŮԸЦãȴҲûж˵ʲô˱񣬽ԼϢѹƵ͵㣬ŵĳǰȥ
ǰ棬һ׵£ܹо󺮷·ӿ
±ϣȴֻ߼ħڲϵ
һֻʨϻĽ壬¥ôߴ󣬻ͨɫԾźɫһ㣬Ǹֲβ͸ͬƵĲϳ򣬽ŷצҪģܹ»棬ȵϢ¸ʮ׿⣬ܹоˡ
һͷӥһ˫Ŀ˸ŷŭһ˫չʮ֮ӥ๣צټϳȶĿ磬ҪǸǰվȣӥٶҲǿ쵽˼£һ߶ŶֻͿһʱʱץסһ
˿̣ͷħ޵϶˲С˿ڣ
һĻ˫΢УɵðԾȻǰ˼ļ滢ʨ׷Ŀӥ
滢ʨ׷Ŀӥǰ˼ħеٮٮߣǼ滢ʨ֮׷ĿӥǿȻ׷ĿӥܹУٶȼ죬ڼ滢ʨĻӰ£ȴʩչٶȵķ֮
滢ʨһβ͸͵֮һ鶯֮ƿձ֮Ĵ
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໥ģһҪǾǣ˭ұ֤˵ͷһֽ˵
𡭡
ౡ
⼫滢ʨ׷Ŀӥϵ˺ҧţŭԶԶΧȼԵ͵ħ޷׷ӴܣסεĹ۲졭
ģôôù׷ҧﰵѡ
漴ݺݵĳһۣһߣҪôôǱ
ȴûעЩһ߹۲ͷħ޵һԺתŰ취ΪǰǱؾ֮·ֻдȥһߣܹ˾˵Ŀĵء
ǣͷħѾ˰Ȼĳ̶ȣҿӣ»Ҫ̵ʱŻһΪ
Ҷ
˵һͷע⣬ǾΣˣ
ôô죿׷ʵ
ô죿Ȱɣ
Цѵ̾һǰǱؾ֮·Ҳû·һ˵ֻҪصĺãҲõĻᱻ֣УλҲǴ׬׬һᣡ˼ħ޿ȫǱ
һĻ׷ʱ۾һһ˫̰ƵĹâ
û뵽׷ﻹһԣ
ע⵽һĻЩ
أ
һɲǣǰȻһ죡
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ƺһεĹ׷ĿӥӷŭһŭкȶųĺХٶ˼£ɿӰи輫滢ʨһĹʹü滢ʨŭѣһʱ֮ȴӷռݵϷֱת¡
ò˵һĻħ֮ȷǴ۽硣
ɲʼջǱְû¶һϢ
ʱһһĹȥ֮ԽңĿ϶˿ڣǱץǱҧǵϢҲ𽥱һЩ
ˣǻǲҶ
Ҫԭ·˻һЩ
׷һת˵ܿ϶һЩĵͼħޣȥȡһЩħСҲۣ
ԣ
׷Ļ̻صҿǮ۶ȥ˰ɣ
ʵ⵹ҲʧΪһ취ҲҪܾãȴǵͷ
У
ʱҡͷȥɱħޱض˼ħ޶Ը϶ʮ񣬾Իǵע⣡
Եȷʶܰ׷ﻹζûٶ˵ĳ׷һۣżߣǰ˴ڰȻе֮С


252 ˵ִĿĵأ
˵ĵڣǼ滢ʨŭһֲĻӴӿգۼ㽫Χľȫţһ֮·һ㡣
ƺֹԣ޷
תۼ䣬㳯Χȥ
쳷
˶ʱɫ䣬ԥļٷɳͷħڴڷĶսУǺҲû⡣
⼫滢ʨȻôǿ
׷˲ϵĻҳûĵô죿ǿˣ
Ȱɣ
΢΢һЦĵŲٵȶ೤ʱˣ
滢ʨѾһУǿ϶ƴľģ
ͷͬε˵˶ټ׷ĿӥҲ򵥣¾ҲԲü滢ʨùǿ׬ˣ
˵䣬ǰȻֻܲƺ޶һķΧһʮֵ󡭡
ǰʮ״ֻ˲׵ľһżȼգұǿȴȫûһĺۼ·һ㿴ĸĤȫ˿һ㡣
⡭
˿ĿɿڴѲǻ滹ʲôԣ
һƣ
ЦŽ͵滢ʨһܹ£ǷΧȴǹ̶ģԼڷԲʮ֮ڣңЩ漫滢ʨܹʱջأǵԪһ
ԭˣ
λȻһۣЦӹȻʶأ治֪ķܹ
СͲؼˣ
쵭ĵҲûǽǰһλֻ˵ǵһΣҲһεĺ
⻰Щأ
ΰԹĵ˼ҲֻʰˣѵӾͲ˷緶
Ǻǡ
ЦЦĿ⳯ǰȥٶԣθʱڻɣǲǽ˳̫󣬲Ż˵ıܶԶ֮
ƺоʲô첲ƺȨһ㡣
һЦҲûٶ˵ʲô
ǰԽҵֳ˽һʱƽϢǰ֮һҲʧֵȴһһŵĳǰȥ
±ϣ汻յһƬǸֲƣɴ˿󷽲֮Ĳҡ
һۣߵļ滢ʨȻſڵϿûս֮ȴȻеֻϵ˿ڣò˶þͻֱӱˡ
ұߵ׷Ŀӥ˿ëȱȫ֮ǰݣ״ֱ˲ʤꡣ
Ҫıߣתͷʵ
ʲô˼
Ȼûĵ϶ǷֿѲӻ̣
ⲻ԰ɣ
˵֮ǰԼջҪ˳ɣһҪѡģ԰ɣ
Ҳ㣿
ŮʱͣƲƲ죬ϻȻҪ㣡ѵͲջ񣿡
ðɣȻŮˣȴҲ׳ŵʵ˼ɣӣ˺һ׷ﱾ˵ʲôȴθ˻ڴǾޱҲûж˵Ϊʱˡ
񽣣ȥ
쳯˵һӦǰȥؽ˼滢ʨ׷ĿӥŽĴָС
ԭʹõǴţˮɽǶʱ䣬ͷһָȡ˴Ϊ񽣵Ʒ֮һ
һĻǾޱԼ׷Ůʱ𾪡
ӵд﹦ܵĶһֵƣ˵ߵȼĴָˣ
һ·񽣶ƺΪүҲֻһˡ˶ӵдָôݾԲ򵥣Զõ󡭡
һʱ䣬Щڡ
첻гŵô죿
ʬպãν֮ͳһ㣬Σ΢Цŵ
ԣ
εͷٴһۣüΪŹ븴ӡ
ˣǼ߰ɣһߣŻаʱ·̾Ͳൽˣ
״ָõ𺳣Ҳûٶ˵ʲôȴſ񽣺鳯ǰȥ±һԾԾｫ׵ִֵһߡ
ǾޱҲǽֻ˿һ򻰶࣬Ͷ켫Ϊİ׷˿Ҳûжԣ
Ǳ˶ӵдָ죬Ȼܹǵģ

ˣˣ
쿴˿е·ͼܵĻպȷĵ

ǿ񽣺鶼һ¡
ǰԾһߴ׵ľڣû֮ǰЩľ֮⣬ƺûһ⡣
磬ûɣɻʵǰǾڣʮȷʯͷӲ
û˵Ļ϶ͼˣ
΢΢һЦ룬ûǸӸƭң
ڸô죿ʵ
Ϣ
ЦŻصָڳ֮
һ·ûκδ򶷣ҲûİԪϢʲô
Ϊ˵Ҫʱʮֲܹͨ
쵹Ҳû˵Ϳ񽣶ʱͷʱԵӣѾǲǸú˵Щʲôˣ
˵ʲô

֪ӣζʱһۣ׷Ǻ޵ҧҧ
ӣҪЦˣﵽʲôҲҪ˽˽⣬һЩӦ԰ɣ˵
Ŷ˼ǻ֪أ
һԼͷȻһٶö
ӯӯЦû£ӹ¶࣡ڿ˵˰ɣ
Ȼԣ
ͷڶǴһӵˣСղ˵ȷ˽˽⣡
һӡ
⻰øͷĺߣڳ˻ΪǺʲôܹϵƵġ
ȿȡðɣ˵˵
ǰԹεڨڨһЦǿЦôðɣˡ
ɫѣҲʱ˶䡣
ǡ
һڣĵˣǲ׼ˣǴӦ˵ģ
ӣ
βûһѪֱ³ǿűϷˣŭҧӷģǽףֱ˵
Ŷã׾ͺã
Ц漴ɫһ˵ϢпżǼ٣
ż
Щ΢ǲû캣󣬻˾ռ˽ô࣬ϾֻǺ¾ʵϹʱڵһЩ飬Ҳûж˽⣡
ǣѾûʱ䳤в֪ãǾޱò֪ҲȻ
ˣʲôżˣ
˵ܹ˾ĵĿ϶ǱѰֻϣӲҪʳԲǣ
İɣ
ͷЦˣڴϢǾҹʱĵ


253 ʱأ
ǾޱԼ°׷һԣ֪ʲôǰ׷ȴʱʱĳȥЩŹ֡
쵹ǲ⣬Ŀвûʲô̫Ķ⡣
硭
ģ촽յߣҪջָɣ
ôˣ
һ£Ϊʲôôʣ
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ƲƲ죬ûĵҲŲаٻᱻռôıأߺߣҿ϶뷨ǰɣ
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Цã漴ЩԴ׵Ŀ⣬ЦС椣̫ˣ֮ԴӦǣҲΪ˽ʡһʱѣ㿴ӣ˺ü̳Ƶġ
ߺߣ
˾죬˼ҲûأǴү˼ʲôߣ
Ǻǡ˺ˣ
С椵磬˶˵ʵܲ˵ܹһЩã˵ˣɾҸǣҲҪܹõ߲ǰҡ
ʲô
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СǣЦѵ㲻ãǸеϤϢôƵġ
ѡ
һ£Ȼ磬ò˵λ˵ãѽһǰʥǰͽܰɣôܣѽ㲻˵ǰʥǰΨһ𣿡
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ðɣǴ˾ͺһ£
ƲƲ죬漴Ц˭ǲʥǰأˣ磬˵ֻߴʥô
ᣡ
ҡҡͷ˵ҿͷӺʦ;Բκһʥߣߴʥ֮ȴûǵţң˭ұ֤ûһЩʥأ
˵ҲŶ
ͷ漴ؽͷļϣٶԡ
ڱߣֶΨп񽣴ڴڹƵǰȴȫûһ¾ƺ˼һһڵĺţӺû˾ƾͻȥƵġ
ڣھصȴУҹĻ٣ж˸ŨĺϢܸǻ谵ħ޶Իȥ˯ƵһƬףʱʱ󬛫⣬ֻԶĴ򰶱ߵĻ
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ʱһǷ˫ۣղžĻ˯˹ȥ
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ЦеΪһ¶㷢˯ʱ䵽ٽ㣡
ţ
ͷ֧һ£۵ٴαᣬܿٴν硣
һĨЦݣƺճĻߡ
˯˵ģ΢һӣΪľܹ˯ø
Աߣ׷һĻһƺڳЦĽһۣ˵Ĺ졣
ʱһһĹȥʱˡ
ϵ»һ˲øӨףӸ߿кǾϣĹâЩľӰͬھϣ»ӳȤΪ
С椣ˣˣ
ؽн˶ѣһ΢΢һЩ漴ǰڣǾ֣ʧ޵
ǰ
ͷʱ¹⸲֮Уԭһľϣ˿̾ȻֳһţȻֻޣȴһʵԵĸо
ǡ
Щ⣬ȴǰǿ޵Ĺȥš
ɫ⻪ߣĳƵģĳһ˲䣬ֻԼԪӿգۼǹںһ漴Ϲâɢԭɲ

켱æ֣漴߹ɲǣϵĹâܵĳǣգۼ佫ȫ֣һӴչֿ˵ӰǻһŹ뵽ǰľУʱһйâȫɢٴξ


ס߻ָŷһ谵ͨʵ˵谵ĻҲ㲻ϣΪܶЩɵĹǴЩͨʯϰɫʯͷɢģȻ˵ȴҲ̫Ӱ졣
ǰ߰ɣңСĻأ񽣣ȥǰ濪·ȥ˵
ϣү
İţһ򲻻κ飬̤ĳδ֪ǰȥ
ǣСָں棬ǾޱõǺԾؽţɰ׷ȴƲ߶ѣ콫ǽõɿʮֲŵĻҪٴˡ
үú񲻶Ծ񽣺˵
ôˣ
еѹ֣õΣգ
ϻ
˴żĻضأǡ
ﻹû˵꣬ǽϺĴ죬һֱĸоȻĶʱɫ䣬Сģ
ಡ
ʱǽϼѼʱ˷ӦҲܿ죬һøֵһ˸Σһ֮Ҳûˡ
գ
׷ؿڣҪ˽ҵС
лѣγӯӯЦ
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ڰ֣ȻҪСģǿ񽣣ҰĹתǰЩҪҵû
үİɣаڣ
񽣽ؿĵð죬漴תڣɢĹâͬٷǾޱŮĿǾ졣
Σ֮ǰ񽣴ս֮ʱʶ߽õǹˡ
ţ˱ڿ񽣵Ĵ·£ͨǰȥһΣû߶೤һ·˱ֻýһԭʵĵ澹һȥ
ģ
Һ˵ʵףʱӦ˲ڿգ˱ˣɾڿյһɲǣͷȻһž£﷢ǣÿһ϶һУ˸ĵĹâһ֪Ǹž綾
죬ӿٶǰ
켱æ˺ԥôշУž֮ǰ֮յıܿ˾ַΧûһ֮ʣǽһһЩٴ̳ƺЩصѾ׼ÿһĶһСĿ¶³
ϡ
ּæԵıǿЩ£һȴǱһθѸͣǵЩֱۣһɫڴ˿ص˼㡭
ͨ߶ԶֱǻأҺǼʵǲһЩʵԵ͵ˣѾĲˡ
߰ɣǼǰߣ
ԭͣһܻʱͣк˼ǰУǿǰ棬˭ˡأ


254 ֣ĵ³ǣ
֮ǰһ˶Ĵʮֵľ
ʱʱǸֻؽ֣Ͼһ㣬ͨǺܳǰʱûߵס
棬¶ˣ
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Ʋ˵˭ҲûԼƤҪģߺߣ
ҴдСŮһʶ׷ﱻһֻܷ߷ߵ˵
СŮ
Ȼͷ´һ۰׷ЦҶŮˣŲĳЩˣµڻǸŮɣ
⻰ʱ֮ǾޱκͰ׷Ůˢһ±ͨ죬ǿЦãЩΣСôʲô˵
Ķ˲٣Եǰ㽿ޡ
ޣҪ
׷һڣǰϧԼĳЩˣߣ
ôˣ
ͦͦظ˵б¾һӾͲҪ˰ߣҿ㲻ǲңûҪɣ
˵˭ûҪ
˭Ӧ˵˭
Ҵأ
˭˭
ðɣŮˣǵطԣǻĻᶯ֡
˺ˣˣ
Цõ飬ǱҲ׷Ȱס΢һЩ
ǰ棬ʲôûһ˵ȴ¶һĨõЦݣȻҲ뵽ĳԽãЦݳҸ
ܿȴְԿЦǸϲзңֱǿ񽣵جΰ
ϣǻȥʱСѾ˰ɣȻҪƷ裡
аţŲȴûͣ٣ǰȥ
һ·̣Ļء
壬ʯһЩֱ˷ʤ
ֹȥ˽ʱʱ䣬ЩԪ˽ķ֮֮ǰľǼĻΣˡ
ֱħط
̾һνǻĲ򵥡
ҺΪʱ̫Եʣضʧȥãܲܰȫ˻һʺš
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ģͣ˲š
ǰʱסˣǰͨѾ˾ͷǾͷǽϣȴǺ͸һ㣬ܹһ˶ĳУһ۴αȣҿǾսƵģǲбԫ
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죬飬нͬ˫ۣ۵𾪡
ѵǣ
૵˵ܰɣӦûôСɣ
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ΣﶼҪԣ
˵䣬ֱӳǽ֣𪽿СֽӴǽڵɲǣһǿȻ֮ʧߣ͸ǽڶķУǱߣһ֮ͷ֣˻ƺڳץʲô
ߣҲȥ
ֵǣкһ󣬱㳯͸ǽ֣ȻͬһĻˣҲܿǷ֮С
ţ񽣣ǾޱҲС
ҵǣƺǹǿûдȥطһ˱ܿٴһ
ͬһռƵģǰǹӣƾõһУ˵ﶼɫΪأ
磬֣㿴Ǻ棡˵
桭
ȥûе͸ǽڿԿʱͨһƬããʣϲû̫ȫ벻ͨЩĹӺζ
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ţ
ͷתͷǾޱŮʵλС㣬Ǻһ𣬻ǷֿȻˣȴҲ֪ǷʲôΣգԼɣ
ֿǸ߸ģ׷ԥ˵
Ǿޱ˼ͷͬõӣǾʹ˷ֿɣףǺˣ

θ˵ʲôû뵽ǾޱѾ˾ԿЦһ£ҲûзϽõĻ
ȻˣҲףǺˣ
ͷԥĴſ񽣺ȥ
Ǿޱþ㲻ϤܹѾǺܲˣ˵ĻΪ˱֤ͶǺɱˡ
ȻʵҪɱǣҲ̫ѣ
㣬Ҳ߰ɣ
׷кŮ˵εͷãԸøһˣҺûɱģǽĻΣգ㰡㣬ͲܱǸСô
ߣ̫ˣ
׷ƲƲ죬ΣҲҷʲô£׷ҲֻӦ˼֪´μǣҾʲô˵˰ɣ
㰡
οЦãʱǾޱȴ˵ãƺǸЩ죬ѵµʲô
ǰ㣡
׷Ҳ˹εֵҲ죬Ͷ˲һòǶ㿴ɣ˵Ļأʵǿ㶼Ķ֣ʷǷӦ½ҲŲ׵ҪҵĶҲǼأ
˵ʲô
Զʱûڰ׷ͷһ£˵ֲʲôգ˵ɲ򵥣㣬ǲǵãϴץǸ˵Ļ
˵ҵˣǾޱȻ
žѧԺڼ䣬ѪǾޱץһˣΪɱֻһڣǴڿǽõһ֣
ǱϾǳҵˣΪԷұ֮ںлʬ𼣵ĸɸɾ

ǻ۵ĹâϲǷҺûжɱģ룡Ǹ飬ͬ򵥣ʣһܹģ
ڿǸˣâĹҲǵؼһ£˶ܹؼôΪүٷ˵أ
εķǾޱͷǣãƺҲôԴɣϾǡ
㣬Щ黹Ĳ˵
Ǿޱ˵꣬α㵱ҡͷϵҿԾԵ˵첻֮ΪУҲʦ˼ҵļӰˣ⣬ʦԳ棬ҲһܹԸ
ʲô
ʱǾޱͰ׷ﾪ۵𾪣
ǶôϣڿЦɿǼᶨ˲ĿԶķɫӣþδ


255 ħƣϣ
첢֪ǾޱùĽ̸Ϳ񽣶˿ʼǰ³еУֵֽ໥ƣһ˶ĻǶô֡
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ڰ֣˼ǰУһԵǰСģɢ˳ȥʱ̾ʱֵܻĻػ塭
ֵϵǸֲбԫѾٵķݵػټ֮ưܵĺۼȻ˴ǾһԵĴ򶷣һ·УǧٹֵĽڵĽȫͬҲ˵³ǱضźƳʱ䣬ǷżΪֹһ׼ȷĴ𰸡
סǾƹݣ
ģ۾һǰߵǸ⣬һˣһģһ˶ľֺȻϡ
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⻹˵һο֣ʱȥ񽣺Ȼǽ
ƹݵķŴţΰĴɢҰڷţԵҲȴһ̨ڹֳ̨һһŵģÿһ϶ڷŸ־ƺȻûʱȴмֹӵϢ
ƣ
۾һæǰҪһƿ
ǣָոսӴǾƿ˲䣬ƿȻ촷Ʈɢÿ񽣶һͣɴ˫ۣ⡭ô£
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̾ʱһܲ˷绯Ȼƻԭ״ֻҪһ̻촷ۣ
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ԣýһߵڵϵӣȻͷǾƿһֱӻ촷Ʈɡ
ڵʱȷںԶٵǧ֮ðɡ
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ҡҡͷصܾãһ֪Լ֮ǰΪ˲õõԼĶôضҸط¾ԲܱԼĵˣ
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ףǲżǳصĴСԲǿô򵥣ΨһĽ;ǣ϶ǲ֪ĵطԣпһ߻أ
ǽǲǸüֿѰң׷ʵ

ȴҡҡͷ֮ǰͨоЩؼΪ죬νǻۣǷɢһرضɼӰ죬ҽ黹һҲܹ໥Ӧã
ͬõ˵
ǾޱӦܲܰһ˰ɣһߣҲȫһЩСס
ˣǾɣ
ʼ磬΢ЦڴҾ͸Ըһ򣬽ɢȥһ˿һҪŹСһЩ
£ٴξһ𣬻³ţǷܹ֣ǾͲö֪ˡ


256 ħƣ£
ʵ͵Ķɢǽܵһо࣬һʱңȻûʲôķ֣·³Ǿôͨ
֮ǰԼһĻףһлֻǱǷܹҵἰĻػңҲ̫ȷ

ʱ׷ĳָǰһǽڣɫΪ𾪡
˷׷ѭȥð׷ָǴǽϿӡһЩֵ·ɫǽڸպͬϸ۲»Ļȫӵ
ħƣ
һۣϳЩ·ǱӡϵħƣҸǸ߼ħƣħʦ۹ЩħҲ߼˼
ͬʱҲЩɵתͷһۡ
ٵ֮󣬻ûǰ׷ﾹߵЩħǰȥ
ģ
̳ѣȴǽ׷һתͷûĽ߳죬㲻֪Ҫ˵ô
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˰׷һתʵӣʲô֣
Ӧһ㣡
ͷ˵ɣԣЩ·һ˵׼׻ʲô
⻰˵ЩȻ֮С
Ȼ׷ȴ´죬ֵĵʲôʱôˣѵ֪Щ·ã
֪һԣ
ЦϵԼܣҲԣڶһϵˣѵǲң
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259 ⡷롶Ҫ
ʮӺˣһΡ
񽣼״ǰʵүզզˣ

ε̾һħڵĶѾˣҶַµģȲǰջ񣡡

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260 춾
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Բһ͸ģ
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Ļ׷ʱʧѣ漴ֳȥɿȴҡҡͷžƺ˵ҪŰҲˣûȹأ
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׷˾죬ѵСš
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һɲǣû˵ʲôƽ̹ĵȻ׹ӿܿ콫˵Ӱת˲Ǳʧδһ


261 ⷫ
ޱߺУһҿ촬ٳУٶȽ֮ബֻ˲١
촬ϣŵĺȻ죬飬ԼѪǾޱеǾޱԼ׷á
żԵ޹ʵĴͳ֮˾ɻѣҪ½룬ް취ֻѡ뿪
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ֵŵģѪǾޱȴ޷ţ֮йһЩЭ໥˽⣬ôܸ֪ܰǣ
ʶǾޱôɻҲֻܷȥǷٴǰǾͲö֪ˣ׿³֮⣬ܹˡ
ѪǾޱΪΪĺҲԼĴӪλþһƬȺϣʵ˵ˣҲռΪˡ
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һ·Ҳ˲ѪǾޱĳԱӦòЩԱ׷׹ʺá
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ԼĪʮ꣬Ļ㲻·оֻǾޱƵģһȫûǵһ¶ûһۡ
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Ǿޱͷǰ·˺Ժס£ԺӲ󣬵ȴװεЩ£󲿷ֶǺһЩСе׺Կüҹ顭
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ѾӦ˵ģټż֮УջҲܴǿ

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ⷫŭ죬˵ȭҪȥ
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ⷫŭЦǾޱⷫϹۣߣΪô
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ֱˣôôһֱǾޱˣ
ⷫң
׷ȥָⷫŭҰƤ
׷òҪ嶯ǡ
ⷫ˿ЦϵͣӦúܺóԵİɣҸǣǿأ


262 ˭˭
ʲô
ⷫĻǾޱöʱɫ䡣
ã㣬жˣ
μٲ̽һԼڵԪڲʧȫܿƣ
ⷫˣ
ǾޱŭⷫʮѪǾޱ֮ȥλֵܣǾޱΪҲûжԲλĵطΪʲôҪң
˵ǾޱòûκζԲֵܵĵط˵ʮ֮ãõĶʵ̫ڲر⣬Ķȫָˣ
ر⣬ͬǹеġ¾ѪǾޱڵһˣֻҪͨͬԿ⣬ԶԶҪ֮˸ź
ʶǾޱĻЩһЩĵͷ
Ǿޱνˮʹߴߣ
Σ̴ⷫ˵ⷫ˵ˣֻҪѪǾޱųұ֤رĶƽָÿһֵܣأ㾹ȻСѡֵǵĶôƤ˵ΪֵǿǣҶΪ죡
ⷫ㻹ûģ
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ⷫ͵һȳΪжԵʣ׷ȫӦϱʺָӡ
ⷫң
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Ǿޱʱǰһŭⷫһ򽫰׷˻
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鶼һһʲôģ
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ǰ飬淢ֲˣżУǵõϹŶʥŷġ춾ǡɵѧϰ˹ڤɢⶾ
һ죬Լڤɢ֮ûκãǾޱãΪʵԵ֤ݣǸͲš
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׳գ
ƲƲ죬ЦΪڤɢ֮޽⣿ƺֱܸһ׳գ
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ŭЦⷫ͵ĵǲҪ˵̫ˣýҩҲҪʱĻָʱ䣡ʱֻҪǸκ춯ڤɢĶ̸ʱ·ҲȲǣ
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263 Ǹӣף
Ҵˣ
ĴˣųǾޱôҲΪ̫㣬ŹҰɣ
Σ׷ԺҲˣ
ɱİ׷ⷫϵģΪԴ״Եʣ˵ʮֵģ
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⻰ʱͷߣûһùȥ˵ʲôأǿûб濴ȥô򵥣ǸΣû´ĻӦͬʦã
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ΣֻܱųȥڿȴûиȥݣڷмȾƳ⣬ģֱ⵽˼㡣

һʱ䣬ΪǾޱкһЩĵط⣬һ飬˵ĻЦ
һֱҹɫ𽥻谵߻ȥҲϳԷʱˣ
ᣬ˵ǾޱרŶĸлеģ
ⷫ¼ȷΪǾޱ֮Ĺϵ𣬵ⷫʼնһŶʱը紦ãû죬½þӲħצ
ټ֮ڱеΪŮǡ
ʶһᵹҲǻ֣ôЩߣûжʣҲֲȥܣ
֮Ǿޱԥſ˵ӣˡСŮðһףϣܹŵ
ף
ЩȻ״˻⡣
Ǿޱ֯һԣ˵ҹ㣬ﻹпֵܶдָǲ֪ûĴණǽòָǴԣǿö

ĬȻⴢĶ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôĴָбкüʹ
ֻǣôóȥɣ
ϾﶫʮټģһЩԪǿ߿¶ûУ
ɵģǾޱ˵뾡ܷģǽò͸¶һ㣡⣬ԸóĻȥǱѡż֪Խףûʲôˣ
һԣκͰ׷ﶼһϣ졣


264 Ϲؾ
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ǣ֮ǰڱɨһۣȻЩܲȴ˵ȴûʲôã洢ŵһЩϣҲǺܽȱ
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ӣȻ˵㲻ʲôҲбȥŪģ
һۣ˵ɲȽǣҲ޹شŰɣ

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Ǻǡѣ
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265 Լس
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㣬ĲϲˣͲҪ׷Űˣ
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ͬ⣬Ҿһֱ㣬ң
ӣǷӣȷӻҪӣ
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ˣķˣ
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죬ܵ󣬿ɥүﰳ˵һ˵ɣѾŮˣһƫƫͲŰţ
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˵ߣ񽣴磬Ҫ˽ңұ֤ڵģ
⻰첻ɫһǰɣвˣ


266 ҵļ֣طɽ
˵䣬ϱɱʱɢȻֶȥ
ʲôãǿԼ˱۸
һɲǣɱӣ¶ȶ½٣ǰʵңʱɫ˲䷢ףȴҧš
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267 ԪԼң
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ܿ죬˸ϹԶ뿪ˣʱԺоֻʣĪˮˡ
ˣ
Ҫ˵ʲôĪˮȴǴϵȻָ㱾Ŀ˵
ǣ
ԹԵӦһ漴ĬĬתԪżӺһָ꣬һഺķŮӣŶʮ꣬һͷںĳɴһȴԵЩ졣
Ȼ˪࣡
ĪˮͷҵɻһЦ룬˪Ӧúһ̰ɣǺǡҽĪˮ
Ǵ̣
ЩԼĶ䡣
Լĸ˵̱ʮ꣬˵Ӧ긾Ů󣬿ǰĪˮȴȥҪĸĪ˪ᣬֱš

Īˮ΢΢һЦǺǡ뵱ֻԸȡأҼʱŸո£ת۶ѾʮȥˣûǴĻӦǶʮ꣬԰ɣң绹һӡǣ÷û˵ɣ
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Ҳ֮ʱĸףԼҴԿ뵽ĪˮĴڣΪҪѹƶصԵʣԿ޷ԴԪݸϵݣҪɸֹ뵽ĪˮݣջǾΨһŮĸԳ
Ϊ˱֤һİȫԼҶеǧ֮Լװһˣ˽ǧ֮˾Բܿߣ
һ·ϣҲƽȻһЩѣɹﲢݡ
ֻһ·֪˶ˣȴû֪Īˮڵλã󲿷Īˮֶ֪
ɺϵǣٺһˣ
ȴû뵽ļ˴ĪˮҲһԵʹȻɣ
ж
ĽĪˮһ߽§壬һüͷԺôƺɣĸ֮ʲôԣϸһ£Ƕʱ򣡡
ԡ
һ۽Ứһ߻һ˵ûʲôԣҸ׻˵ֶֻ֣ѪҺӰ쾭ԪһȫѪҺǶһ̣ء̣ϽȥȾĸװɣ׺ʹ󲮶˵ֻܾˣ
ɵӣĸ׿ҴСųӣôܲȥ
Īˮ΢΢ЦЦں㷢˵Եȼգһ׼Ǳ
ţлл̣лл
ȫ֪˵ʲôˣһĵͷ
ǺǣɵӣлʲôлǶһˣ
Īˮĵˣһ·Ͽ϶ҲˣߣȴȥúϢ
˵ţĪˮǣҵСֳȥһ·ϻϵѯһӵ״ҲһһӦԣ֮˿˿İ


268 𾪵ͷ
ĪˮԻ֮ʱͷϹԶ죬ԼϹٷȴһԺС
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͸ƨ
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⻰ɲ˵һһ밡
ĵͷӣզ£ôһ㶼ǸŮװ
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ϹԶƲƲ죬Ż׼ʲô죬ܿİֵˣǸԼСŮ޵飬ʦ˵ˣ֮ǰ˵кöôżǵİѷƸó
ðɣȥʦˣ
ϹԶٶ˵Ҳûжʣ漴ȴǺٺһЦͷӣ磬ȻǿɲҪ̫Ȳǣٺ٣
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ڱЦѣʦͽ̫˼ˣ϶һʦͽϹٷƶЦЦʲôʱƺֻܣܹԼʦģ
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һӣǴڶеõġ⡷͡ҪɵϹԶǰҲһɲǣϹԶԭɢɫ˲
伮ϹԶıص˼㡣
Ժ˲䰲ֻϹԶϷ⻹ϹԶɫľ޴ת䣬ϹٷƲɵߵϹԶϸȥܿҲͬ¶һĨ֮ɫ
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ƲƲ죬ϹԶһӽ춾˹ȥ΢һ£ŬƽȷģӦǵ˹⽫汾ģǺǣҲû뵽СǷ
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ǣʦƸˣ
ͷӣˣ
һк˱һͬת뿪ˣˮɽҲԼԺӣټһ·ȷЩ࣬ԻȥϢ

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ϹԶĻĪˮץסĴ֣ȻˣǾһ뿪㲻ʵԼҷʲô¶ô
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ϹԶ΢΢һЦʲô飬ֻҪģҾͰǰͱҸ㶥ţ
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ŶʲôĪˮʱȤҪ֪ܹϹԶеģǾԲ
£Һ˵
ܿ죬ϹԶĽ£Īˮ۾⣬춾ʱĪˮ޲ùϸúòġ
ˡ춾ĪˮԾĪ˪δ֪صİձһЩĪ˪Ķʱ仹нһ꣬㹻ˣ


269 Ժ֮ƽ
죬Լһͬ뿪ˮɽǰѧԺ
ʱУ鳭¼伮ǲûкķѶʱ䣬ֻǻЩʱʦʦˡ
ټϣҲĪˮĿ˽˹һЩ飬ŮװԪԼС㣬̬ȵҲһЩϾĪˮϵôҲܼˡ
ڿ񽣣֪Ů֮󣬵һ뿪ǱϲĿֲʣƺǶȤ⼸һֱ񽣴硯񽣴硯Ľиͣÿûٽ÷ͰŮİۺͳԴס
֮ܶһ仰֮Ըһͬ뿪ȫǱƵģ
ȻԼҲʮϲܹ࣬һЩûֻĸϻţҲʹȾʹ⣬ǲŽиⰡ
ܿ죬˼ѧԺͨԵֱӽռ䡭
ȻǸոջصסԺ֮ʱһȣһâӲԶϮ죬У
âٶȺܿ죬գۼͬӦһ͵תǧýһգǵâֱӵ˻ȥ
ţâһһɫװУѸײڶ֮Ƴȥ
硭
ҪǰæȴٷˣõģүûΣյģ
ѵʶˣʱ۾һʵ
ǵģٷˣ
ʵ˵үѣͷһֿཻѣгƽǰڵļѧԺԺͷӣٺ١
ƽ
ظһ飬ȴǰҡͷδ֣
ʹ죡磡
ǰսУǳƽĹˮȴʮɵĵ£˿̵ͬһ΢磬ɳƽιⴵߣ˿ûһš
˲ˣ
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Сӡ
Цǰƽӵһ£漴һͬ߻ߣû˵ʲôǳƽڼĵһ۱۾ðǰһǫǫӰĵС㣬ãҽгƽʮ꣬δûŮѣ֪Сշɷ񡭡أ
˵꣬ʱûһ߳ƽֱڵϣ۵Сӣɩӣ

ƽӵϷ𣬲ŵĵ磬û˵ɣӣҲҵɵɩӣһʻţϣ찡ôôƽҳƽ˧ò͵ʣһŮģȴôƫƫأ
һŽϣûĵҪٸҷϻһ䣬Ųҳ㣿
ٺ١ЦЦ
ƽڨڨЦͷɩãСܽгƽǱҪһЩģ˭Ҵ򲻹һֱ۸ңɩӣҪСԵĻٸСܽʮ˸Ů͸ˣ
ҪҪٶʮ˸İ
ԱûӦһ䣬ϸ˵飬һߣ

Цѣ§ųȥ
磬װ磬㲻СұչصʱóԲ·˯ž㡭㾹Ȼôҡ
󣬳ƽɥ·һԹһ㡣
˵㰡˰ɣҪүٻͷһţ
ȥĳƽļֳǰȥóƽӵıΡ
磬ƽоɫӣ
Ժӣ˵òʲô˵Ӱɣ
ǺǣɱСӵıɱˣ
һ۸߽ĳƽ˵һӵĻˮҲ˷ϻһ㣬ڻһ㣬û֮⣬Ҳˣ
磬ɲôСң
ƽһƨ˶棬ĵɩӣ㿴ҳôʵӣ˵磬ҸҪٸңңҾ͡
ʲô
ƳһۣҪһ٣˭˭
֪
ƽָ죬Եߣɩӣ˰ɣС¿Ǳߵ˼㰡һСᣬһģСһ˧һõģǿ
͡
̲סЦ˳ģٻţ˵ľ
ƽЩˣٺЦɩӣûнðҪСܽһôСҿǡ
죡
׼ƪۣҪʱһۣСӣôˣͷӾԸ
ⲻǷϻô
ƽƲƲ죬ɿ۵ģջǹԹԵ˵ͷ˵Ҹ㣡˵ʱĻȥһЩҪ˵
Щ첻ţûô򵥡
⡭
ƽҪͷЦУȴǼæ˵УСͷ˵ҴùĻͿԲĻ
ûˣüëһ
ƽҪ޳ˣСͷ˵ѵңֱ࣡˵˵ҵı࣬ÿ춼ݺңʲôʱѱֳˣʲôʱͲˣ
ǺǡԺͷǺ˽
ǻһĨЦСӾֲˣǰˣˣڲ˵ģȥԱԼŪһݳϹأ죡ûŪ겻׼Է׼ðɣ

ƽһӿˣ֪Щӵ
ʲô
һۣȥĻͺͿ񽣴һܣӮŪô
ٺ١
һ⻰񽣶ʱ۾ĦȭƣƽȴӣæȥֲǷӣҲŰң
ܿ죬Աбһųƽ죬ȴκβһиУΪ֪ԳУ
ΪܹԷΪ˲ƴˣ

󣬳ƽǽŪˣȻǿ⣬Ҳ㲻
ٺ١ŪˣԳԷˣ
ƽͷԥĴܵԺУڴڵĳźţһ㶼
ӣֱǶͶ̥Ƶģ
Ҳӿ˶ɲϵʳﶼƽӳûˣԻţֱ鿴ĿЦá
ʮӺһӲȱ꣬ϵĲ֭ƽĸɸɾ
á߷ֱ
ƽϣԼĶӣȴǺüۣȻûƽ
ԵĲ˰ɣ
ǻһĨаЦԱ㣬Ҳüˣ񽣣ȥɣͽˣᣡ
ϣү
Ļ񽣶ʱĦȭƵĳƽȥ
Ҫ硭
ƽʱɥɸû˵ʲô񽣱һק쳯ȥʱ㴫һҵĴгƽķŭ
ȻڴʱһӰԶٶµ죬СӣߣԺҪ㣡


270 Ժ
ڼѧԺľռУһĵطһֱûо˹֮⣬˰ѧԺеĵʦ̤벽ǼѧԺԺסԺӡ
ԺΪۣԪ۷ǿߣʥа벽֮ң벽ȴ˳үʮ֮á
ʮǰүӱѾ̤Ԫ۷壬ֱȴȻûгΪʥǿߣҲǳүкܴһ뱯
죬ǲֹһӵԺӣ˵ԺӱѰͨ˼Ҷв磬˭ô˴ǳүסĵطνɽڸˮ飬ڼѧԺ˵ԺΪĵطû֮һ
СӣԼ˵ûͷˣ
͹һͬ룬һü뻨׵ĳүӱ̹ۡ
үӶԴȫ缺лͷϹԶԭ򣬵ʮַϳүӵƢԡ
ˣа
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ֻΪˣ˼ѧԺԺרĵھռǱޡ
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ԹԵڳүǰǲ豭һ¶ǣûĵҵ㣬ɼôүڱչأҪǸҿҪ˺Ƭ
˵´һ³үӣЦүӣӺûɹɣǲˣЩۣ
СӣƤ˰ɣ
үԣʱ۾һģжʱûˣǲǾͷҺ᲻㣿
С
ƲƲ죬뵽ǰүӺĻ棬ȻûκΣգʹȴ谡ôֿҲˣÿα֮Ҫʱָܻ
ˣүӣϻˣ˼Сҵɶ£˵ãҿɰ첻ˣСµĻҲҳֵģ԰ɣ˵

⻰ʱóүӺԱߵĹߣѾľ˵ʲô¶Ͷˡ
СӣҿϹϸ˵öԣѾľҴ򣡡
үӱôӵۣһ˦ǳ¼ġ⡷͡Ҫ㱻˦ǰֻóү˵СӣҸ㣬ӦҲôӦӦҲôӦȻͷһľÿСһ飡ҾͲˣӵóͷҵģ

һ⻰ʱʴ˵ɣүӣɶ£
һģҺ͹ϵһ£ѧԺ¿һѧƣ󷨺ͻصģ
үӻ˵ţȴص۵үӣòѧƵĵʦɣУԲУ
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һĻʱóүٴһۣҲӦ
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˵үӲڨڨһ죬˵ȷʵ˼һֱҸ첻ܾܾɣͼѧԺװһ
ֻС̫ˣһֱûóүӵóԸ
СӣɾĲˣ
ڱ˵룬鶼һģҲֻʸѧƵĵʦɲԺ˨㣬ʸҲ룬жҪΪѧԺĵʦԺһͬأ
Ǿȥ
үӼһٺüʮˣôô

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Сӣβ
үŭ˰ĦȭƵվŭҿƤˣۣͷҾʹϹϸúõؽ㣡
˵䣬үӱҪ֣ƨ簲˵ɰ̽һӳԽʮף־衣
ԺϢŭϢŭ
ϼæүӰϣ˵СӺú˵˵
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ҡ
Ҫ죬ȴǱϴϵаһ룬Ժ֮ΪѧƵĵʦǺܿĲܣ󷨺ͻؽضΪѧԺҪѧ֮һʦɹĽ̵һЩͨѧԱҲɣ
ǹϡ
ΣôԼˣȴٴδϵ˼˵꣡⣬Ҳ֪滹Щ飬԰һԺ˵֮ŻڿΣϾҲҪһЩʱϤ伮صһУ԰ɣ
һĻ˵治ٵģһüĿģټ֮ǿе»˻ľͲֱܾ̾ӴӦˣ
ȻŹϺЩĳ֣ȴǺһתǻһĨ־ԵĻߡ
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Ц۾ЦڹϺͳүɨλүӲ±ĸо
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ԶԣԺҿǺ㣬ɲҪˣҲ˵
ˣλүӣǲʽΪʦôĲУ
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Сʲô£
үĲţȴǻǺϹؾټ֮ʥвԪɽԼ˵˳ǰ߿һĻѰ˿󣬶߸ǹϵĸ׶ľصϢݲ첻ȥ
һæͣˡ
Сӣ治֪һ쵽ô£ȻˣҲǿˣ
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Ҳ¼һ
ϵͷˣС죬Ȼ㲻ӦôΣѧϰЩʣ

ϵĻԺȻֳѵĽݣ˵ѵʦǰʥǰŶٱѾЩԣĸԸĳΪѧԺĵʦѧԺ˵Ҳδһ£


271 ؾ
ļʱ䣬죬Լ˱һֱھռС
Ⱦˣټһ¼ĳƽǰķܣ׷һͬһµʮСӣÿ֮࣬ƽȴǼΪƣΪ֮ľ˿ԲŹХ󷨣
ܺ׷ѾϰЩÿֻҪǾѵ󷨵ʱ򣬱ͳƽһͬڱϿţҲܹһЩ
ֵһ˵ıĸ÷ƣ
ԭѾ¶µ֮ȴں֮ȻػؾռϾΨʵҪģ
򵥵˵һʥǿߣûκҲκ˶ǵģͬΪʥǿߣҲԲȥǡ
ϾһʥǿߵŭǺؽ룡
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鿪ĵЦˣЦôһʱ֮䶼òЩˡ


272 ϵıࣺŲ
Сһߣ½һԺӣû취ΪҪѧϰ⡷Եʣ϶ҪԲúܶ󷨣һԺӱչصĻؽȥһЩӰ졣
Ļãƫƫչѧϰǡ춾һʧ˵Σգʱ¾Ǻڶˡ
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273 ڤ֮䣬׷ؼң
ڤƽһʱһѪȷ籩
ԭѾû֪ˣʱڤÿ°ˣĶУ΢һЩģǺڤ΢ǿһׯ԰һ
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׷Щ׷ȴ˵㸸׵ģԷʲô˶֪ôȺúõϢϢΪ㸸׾͹ˣ


274 ֮ԣˮˣ
ĸô˵׷缴㲻Ҳٶ˵ʲôⷽҲԱ߲ϵظ׷ʹɫ׷
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үү˼ǡطȻүĿ⣬ط·ĵ׶Ƶġ
ǺǡԼ׾ͺãȻû˵үүûϣЩҲģ
үЦŰڰ֣漴ȥطǿЦãүүиӵľ塣


275 ڤ
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ףϸ羹Ȼˣϵȫ԰
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׿ͷ漴׷ʹ˵һ뽯һͬȥϾΪŮˣ˶Ҳ¶


276 ˮţ
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278 ͻƵĲ⣬Ų
ʱ̲˶ĿǱ̲ɽ
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ڶ뿪󣬽ƽŲɵؿڣ̾үͷųѹҲѹ﷢ţ
˵䣬뿪ķǳ羴

硭
ܿ죬ص˼ѧԺռ䣬һӾ˹
ƽʱദ˵Ĺϵʮ֮ã˵ȫ塣
֮ǰķܺ׷ͬˣֻƺһֱʮֹע诣ϧ诶Ͷȫһǵ˱Ҫʱһֱһƺ˵ʹӲ֪ЦǺ
ɿĺѣȻԼ诼Ůһߴߴ˵ͣڶԻ֮䣬ȴܹоѺĿʱʱϣаԿЦѡ
飬ƺûЩƵģȻЦ档
죬ȼһһԣܿ죬оһӰԹ
˵ƽСôʲôûĵҿɲϲˣ
ϴ㿴ǣٿҡ
ƽָָˣɰԹĵڻûܸ࣬磬ǶͳɹˣϴܲܲҪôƫģ
ԣǣ
ܺ׷Ҳ׷׵ͷıʾǵĲ
ȾˣϴѧԺ֮ǰԼı࣬ɷܣ׷Լƽȴʼնôһ㣡
ô⻹ܹҰ
˵ӣûķһۡ
ߣϴҲŲ㣡
ƽֱӺͷҸҵģٺ١ҲĵĻҾȥͷӣʰ㣡

⻰ǹճһߣаЦСƽӰСƽӣû뵽㵹ѧвϴˣƤ˰ɣһ棡Ҳ뿴ʱеЩʲôջ񣡡
˵䣬ɫĳƽܾһץס㳯ȥ˿ҲһЦΧ


283 ĳƽľˣ
Сƽӣͣݺݵ磬Ǿ֧㣡
ԣһԵģͣ
ǧ£ǿˣ
ΧͶЩ˼ֱΨ²Ƶģһֳ֧ƽȴЦ⣬Ȼ뿴ƽӣ
ЩһҡҼסˣ
ƽͷݺݵصһȺһųɥ˵ϴͲ˰ɣҴ򲻹ģ
ϻҪǴùңһҲǰ׳գûػص

ƽһͣڿЦá
ô˵ǰ׳ˣ
ʲôãǵȥ죬ⲻԼô
ϴܲܲ򰡣仹ôƽ˵
˵أ
üëһаЦȻ㲻ȶ֣ҾɣСƽӣУ
˵䣬ԥֱӺȻ֣óƽɫһΣ۴Уϴ㲻Ҫ͵Ϯң
ϻҪ֮ս͵Ϯʲô
컰ֹȭͷȻȭȻƽ
ƽηˣֽȭͷ£ȻȻϮɲǣóƽ˵ٶ̼ӿ죬ı޷ܡ
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ƽɫ䣬ȴҲܿ侲
ȻһսܲˣǾʹ󷽷սɣ䣬ҲǧҪ̫ѿǡ
ףǱôˣ
һԣɻʵôͿˣ
أߣҲȥ
Ψ²ҵӣһŮķ緶ûУզզı㳯ȺǱȥ
Ѽ״ֱЦãԼôǳƵġ
Ǻǣ߰ɣѽ㣬Ҳȥ
ЦЦһͬȻŮǸһ𣬺ܿԱߣųڵΣɵñͬ
СƽӣҪ˵Ҳᣡ
쳯ƽ˹ָаЦȹӣô
ģ㲻֣ƽʱ۾һ
Ȼ
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Ŷʲô£
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ƽǰɻδɲǣȻչ֮㳯ȥ
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Сӣڶѧթ˰
˿䣬ѿ˳ƽͼȻϵ
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ƽЦţȭչƣʱ䣬սУһŵ֣֪϶ٴΣ
ƽͲȫָǷĲٹȥ
ͷؿڣ˫ȣûӹƽĹΧȻȴȻЦ棬ûн㹥ϡ
˵ڵˣǰڻûɹٱ֮ǰƽҲȻʲô˺
СƽӣǲûԷ
ǣվ㶼û취
Сƽӣֵʧ
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졭ֱǿˣ
ʼշϣǸӣ鳯һۣûӦ
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һΪͣȴͬʱóƽݺݳֺǽͷߵ˼
ʱܿȥƽƺסʱֶһɲǣһˣ߾˫ִŴϴ䣬ˣˣ
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һٶЦѣȴٴаЦôôҴúˬɣϼȭ˵
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㲻Ҿ͹ȥУ
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ۡ
״ƽɫ䣬ԥתӣһ㻹ֵ˼ûС
ܣΣ
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ȭȭ⣬˸ǳƽ˱ܵķȫһȭһŽʵʵĺһϣĳƽʹѣģޱȵıҡ

ҡҡͷˡ
ҪȥЦ
ϻҿɲǰ׳գ
ûһ˦ۣҲǰ֪ĶֻȥƣСƽѾļֱŰ
˻һ˶ĬĬĵͷǱĳƽһЦ⣡
ң
ҪȥԺͷȥ㵹ȥ
СӾƤˣһ첻ǲǰɣ
ۣҾ֪֪Ϊʲôô죡
һʹŹųƽһੲݣֵҲзִ磬ֻóƽеʹʲôˣ
΢Ϣ첻ͻָˣ
Źʮӣһֱƽıף֣ͣаЦˣ
ҡ㡭
ƽɥһնʹֱ׳ͷΨһ˫۾ޱȰԹ죬·ǱƵģ
ô
ĦȭƵаЦҪǼ
ءˣˣ֪ˣԺҲˣ
ƽӣΧ֮˷׷״Цѡ
ˣȥԵ㶫ˣȻ˶ҸŪˣ
İԹת㳯Ժȥ˵Ļȴóƽͷߣ쾹ȻĶˣ⻹û˰

תۣصռѾʱ䡣
Уÿ춼ЩΪԼҲעųֵȣһǸеʹһȴҲϵΪǽһЩֶκͷʱڶڰŲϳɳ¾ȻԼŮûѡ
УʵŮ
ѵĵˣΪŮ˶Ź㣿ܣ
ʱ䣬ʮ˵ֱǵҵֺзִ磬ʲô
գĽӵκȻĴţֻһľ˱
飬Ҫȥһ˺ڤ򣡡
ɫ䣬˵һ󣬱ȾˣټϷܣ׷Լƽ뿪˾ռ䣡
ѺҲҪȥģǿӲջֻ¡
ܿ죬аɷӶڵǴׯ԰ҲǼǰطĻƼׯ԰
κȻıȺſڣһ˵ӭ˽ȥ
ԸʮȺκȻ̤ľķ䣬Ŵ̱ǵҩζ룬ľѪڴϣұۺ˫ȾǱ۶ϣҲܵ˼ĴݲУòЧƣ²ʱˡ
һĻɫ˼㣬κȻȳȥȰľˣģһ˵


284 ֮ŭ
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лү
ľѾѣѵĳл
أúϢģĳһ㱨
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ľҲûж˵ʲôƣܿ˯ȥƿţκȻԸһʮʱĺúչľͬʱҲҪÿϱۺͶȵλã֤ѪҺͨ
ǣ
κȻͷ漴ԸˣԵҸطģ
ǣү
κȻͷȳԱȥкһͬϣһ¡
Щ˴󲿷㶼ѾʶˣֱǷܣ׷ͳƽ
໥һ£κȻҲ˵ĲףȻһЩȴҲԲܹӵġ
ǲϳǷ׷׿ĶӣҲӦ˵ڳƽһǼѧԺԺͷӣ΢΢һЦĽ͵
ʱ䣬κȻһɫӹŹ֡
ҲԽĶܹ˶Ϊף
ǵݣȻģɴ˿ԱǸǿ
ܹ׷ˣκȻԼǰ;ҲԼаɷӶŵľԽеҡ
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κȻعӦһæʼĩ˵˳
ԭ뿪ĵϣЩͼħ̵겻۶ľ׼ȴջǰˣ
ԷȫϣһľƴҲǶԷĶ֣
ҵǽƽڴ֮ǰѾħ̵ڵĶתˣЩ˵õֻһյĵ棡аɷӶľȴһҹʮ֮࣬аɷӶžһĴ
Щ˵岻ʵ
϶֮ǰׯԸйأӦһ·ģ
κȻԥػصѾȥˣֻȻûκϢ
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ƽȻ쿪Ц֣ȴԵüΪȻ
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׷縸׵ֵܣϴε֮׷νǹ˼㣬ȫǳĵףû˿ǿ
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ң
׷㶣ܺðܹΪѧԺѧԱһӵң⣬ʶôֵܽãǰǶôĴҺڻ֪ʲôˣһҲøĸ׶ʧһУҪЩ
׷ĻǸп
ʱڼѧԺܺԼǰΪҵֽ;²׿Ϳ׷˶Ҫܵǣʱ׼ү׼˵ͽǧˣ
ҪסҪԵԼģҪԵĸĸҲҪԵΧˣ
ɫ˵ţ׷ҲԹԵĵͷ˿̵ǰȣֱһһ£
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컺Եʵ㱾ʼΪǰ̫һЩԸĻҰһλʦ
ҽʦ׷Զʱһ

ͷԸ⣬ҲҪһЩ飡׸ɩҲֻһӣǿ϶Ҳϣܳɲţ
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׷ֱӦʲô飬ҶһŬøĸ׺ʧ
ãȻӦˣǵ׸֮ٺ
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ˣҲȥϢɣ
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׷ת뿪ˣڴУ׷ĺ˿̱ޱ
ľˣټʮ˵һʴծ
ʲôˣʲôҶҵ˶֣ǻòͷˣ
ûɱ⣬ľӽаɷӶţҲ˵Լĵһʮ˵ֱһĶ⣬

׿˵ˡ
صӵһ£׿Ǹֵܣ˼ŸһЩ˵ģЩһԸ⣡
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ЦЩ˾ˣҲţǿɲֵܣ
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׿ͷһˣĿܿ׷ϣ̾ϵܰҼӵлˣ㣬ϸһ֪ô죡
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һ˵Ⱥܿׯ԰ڲκȻİ£׿˶õõĴԴ׿Լʮ˽ȻҲ顣
ϵܣҲ˽һЩħ̵飡˵ɣҪôҪСҲ˫ַϣ׿ո£ԥ˵
׸磬ڿЦôҪɩӻùң
ûĵһæһҲһϢһϢҪ㣡
Ŷ
ôһ˵׿ȤٺЦϢϵܣҴŵˣֱ˵ɣ

ȴǰڰ֣׷ٵǰЦ׸磬㿴ֶûʧɣ벻иõķչ


285 ҷڤϣ
Ļ׿ʱһæֵܣ㵽ʲô˼ֱ˵ɣֲǲ֪̫

׿ӵȷִ󺺣ƺһ㶼óļƣҪôΪ˲Ǹ׳ռӱ׿̶ֳܹȣôʲô̫
ðɺðɣֱ˵
û˵׸磬֪ѧԺеλүӣ
˵ϣϺѦϣ
׿ǵͷҵȻ֪ȻгԺϸƽѦһֱѧԺеĵ伮ƽﲢô¶棬ǼѧԺĶô֪ܲˣҲǴӼѧԺ߳ģ
׿ķ˿׷ǼѧԺѧԱҲǹϵ֮õԭ֮һ
׸ԲʵѦҰһºʵĴˡ
Ļո˵׿ʱ۾һѵֵ˼ҼСȥѦΪʦ
׿ǿϲ˵Ļǽ׼ҵһ£
׿Աŵ׷ҲǼ֡
ѦǼѧԺΪصһ֮ԺҪһЩ
׿׷ǵɴ˵˫ۣ΢΢һЦͷʵϴڼ׷ĵһۣұʮʺѦϵĹһʱҲδ̵κιֻʱ۲Ա仯ãûʧ
ĻǶȻ
ֲһֱûôȥ̵׷磬ԭڴˣ
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׿Цһ£漴׷Сӣô
Ը⣬Ը⣡׷̿ٵĵԴĿϲ
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׿˵ĻҾͲ˵ˣֵ飬Ҽ
Ǻãߵ֮ұԴ׷ǰȥݼѦϣ˵ǰ棬ѦϿ϶һ飬ǲͨĻǡ
ԸСûǸ
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׿ϸһ£˵ЩǴδںڤмģΪأһ֡
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ħơ
׿üͷôоôϤĶ
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˫˸ĺâЩһŹȻǸҵħװҾͳȫǣҵ뿴ǵʲô·
ҴˣҶֵİţ׿ԥ˵
ǺãѾһƻ
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ԭħ̵ںڤо˲֪˲Щ˵ľٶվ˷˼֮ϡ
һպκȻаɷӶųԱʮһͬħ̵긽ĵطǱΣ׿ռƻһϵ˵һȴǴ˰аɷӶŵׯ԰
ħ̵ܣʮռݣǲϵÿһ棬ƺѰʲô
ףЩ˿϶ħװһֱΪжʮأ˵ľͽƽǲܽħװȫߵģضǲ⸽ĳ
˵ĵ˿ûв
Щ˵·ʲôط
üһʱȴ벻
磬ô죿˵⼸ʮʵߵĲһֱˣ
԰Щ˾Լ̫ˣҲͷ͵һɱˣҲ¶
ԣɱǣ
˷׷׳ɱʮ㡣

۲һԸκȻаɷֵܷɢȥγһΧȦǸ֮⣬ĲҪһ
ǣү
κȻͷ漴˴һƣķɢȥȫнֹİԵ˵ͷ
أ磿
߰ɣȥЩˣ
΢΢һЦվԥĳǰȥ
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ǡɱǵˣ
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ٺ١ֵܽǣɱ
ʮ˵Ȼӿ飬ת˲һҺ𣬱ж֮˲һ㷴֮ûС
Ϯҿ
ĳ֣ڳʮ̾һ𣬶˸û˿չƣѪɱ¾ڴչ
˵ӦǾԵѹ̬֮
ʮУжʮ죬ҲʮǿĲֻһڣ֮˻ΧţֲˣԼЩѱ
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վһߣƽǰЩɱ¾û˿ɫ
ЩˣǴûںڤģûǵĴڣⲻҪɱҲˣ
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ֱײַɱ¾ɱʹ֣֮ʮӺ˴Ϊ޵һ㣬ʮת۱ֻʣ²ʮˣǸΧ֮Ŀѣȴް취
ܣ
ܿ죬֮˶ʱ⼱ڽ˿ȥλһ⼱ٳԶȥ˿ͣ
ܣǺǡ
һֱעǻһаЦ漴ʱϢĸȥû˿


286 ҷڤ£
˰Сʱںڤĳɽͣ
ɽȺΣҲܻǱ˷˵ģһֱûκ̫עö֮ƺͳǼеĿհס
ʱɽȣȻһƬžȴԵظоɽΧڲ֮࣬нһǺ֮ˣռ˴󲿷֣оŸԪ
Щ˵ʵҲ㲻ϧ
찵ҡҡͷŴϢĽ뵽ɽڲ
үˣ
˼ҴҵĽɽУһӽ˲õԺµ
㲻ӦôǸ̵Χô׷˺£㾹Ȼˣ˵һԼĪʮҵӣʵڣǼΪˣĸԪǰڣ
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û˵Ŀͷڤ˫΢еţԴǰǰ˴ݴ֪̽Ϣƺڤвûôǿǣѵħ̵걳ˣǣǼȻʵôǿôܡ
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׳գ
ڤĵһۣ漴ȥȻѾˣβһ·ҷڤе֮¶£
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һЦ漴չֿ
⵹ԼԸģȻʵҲԪֻҪҪȥЩ˽ΧȫٵܷĴڣ
үģ
ȰΧ˷׷־裬ĸԪǰڵĻصڤ߽䱣
һ㶼ûټôҲ뵽
㣬죡
ȻǷڤڼĵһۣȴ˫ͫһ
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287 ɱ¾ʢ磡
ĸԪǰڣʮʱֻʣһ߶عǣһȥұۣȻһսȴҲʧȥ˴󲿷ս÷ڤôҲţһ˫ɴ˵۾˷ŭ֮ȫǾ壡
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288 ڤܣ
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׿ɫ䣬ע⵽ʱ֮ҲɫҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣԶԶôĿԣ


289 ɱ壡
Ļﴫһ˵ȴԶٶ
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Աߣ׿̴Ȼ˿ûκ֣ͣǽϷ˵Ľɱʮ㡣
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ܿ죬Ǳߵİ˱㼱ˣֳʵǼ壬ҲҶʲôˡ


290 ͷӣִ
ˮɽϣ˺ڤǱߵ֮ھռڴ˼죬һͬص
ʦĪˮѾȥвԪˣȻĿĵؿ϶ԼңǸ֮ǰŮװʱҲĸһͬȥÿ񽣼ֱǴӻбȳһ㣬١
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ô˵үү˼˵ǶԵģ
аֻĳֹϰ벿֣

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˿̣ͥԺУϹԶȴû˵ǰϢȻȻҡҡҡλεģһ˫۾ȴ˸޵ľâ
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ϹԶţһУѵԨģԨʲôˣĪǡ
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ȥԪԼҿûµĻȥǸԨ̸̸ģ벻ջ񣡡
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֮ϹԶʵٶʥǿ

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ǾޱǻϣȻһʱ䣬ǻҪ·
ȻǸһ𣬶񽣱һģˮɽϣͷϹԶʦĪˮˣҪչˡʶ÷ͰǱҪģΪ˲ŮеįԿ񽣱ƲֻÿرĹαʷΰĹ֮һ˶
ˮɽ뿪˵Ҳûżͬһĳź߶ȥһ֮аɣ
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ϧҲܺһȥ
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ԴˣҲΪΣһҪȥʲôΣյĻӺڡ
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ðɣҪסŶ
Цٻʢ첻ĸŽ޺촽һ£漴·ϵķ羰·
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ٴμ棬ҲûйĿܿõԴ½뵽կϢ
Ϲؾ飬ܵõϢ˵


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ʶеĺԶԶ˶ĿǾޱ붨֮ʱ˼ջǾصɽһߣҲ˵


292 ɽȣ󷨽
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컰䣬׷ƲߵһֻһΣܹһ¶ˣߣĲ󣡡

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293 ؾ֮䣬֮ģ
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˫΢УΪȷеĲ²⣬ڽļʱ䣬ȫ˿ĸֽ̺ת۱ܱͬŰɫʯɳɿǰںһ𡭡
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298 Ѧͽͣ
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303 ͵ܿ
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304 ĵ伮Լǰ
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305 δ֪Σգ
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Ѻ뿪ıӰЦã漴䱻ʹбǷô᲻ǣҲŶһԶûҼأ
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ԣһ£漴ҲǲҪӣûʱǺӳһȶ޷ǻúӺĺΰ

촽İɣԺ㹻ԱʵһܶܶຢӣʱǾҸطÿ䣬źϷˣ
ģ
۾һĻгС
ţصͷ
Ҳٶԣôغţ˵Ķޡ

СӣľҪȥԪˣ
ڶ磬ȥˮɽͷϹԶϹԶɫȴǰδеء

ͷɫϵĸ׵ϢԪǵɽ𺣣Ҳ޷ˣ
ϹԶֱֱ죬ɫͬΪᶨû˿ĳɣ
Աߣʵʦѽ˵а취ǰԪݵģ԰ɣѽʦֻһµʱأɲȥˣ
ǵģа취
ջĿ⣬ϹԶͷ漴ȴֵ˵ǰ棬ԪݲСӣҲӦ֪Ȼ캣ԪҲһȴʼ޷벢ȣҲûа취̫İһȥǱߣֻԼһеһУǵ˱Ʋѵʱ㲻ϵǱߵĸˣ
ͷӣİɣôڶɹ˵ٱ䣬൱ڵԪǰڵʵټʱڡ⡷ԼҪϵһЩ򣬲ʲô̫ģߣȥҲ£ͷɫӦ
СӾһǻ
ϹԶûĵҲίԼӵͽܣֲ۸˸ǵͷϣ͸Һݺݽѵ
ϹԶζĹ簮ǻӵӸио˼ů
ͷӷİɣ
ף漴ɵ˵ͷа취ĸһڵִԪɽ
ûУ
ϹԶҡͷԺʱһۣеûУôûУ
ϻ
ϹԶɻȥʲôʱ˵ǵִɽˣ

һʱ䣬鶼ЩΡ
漴ϹԶ˵û취ֱǵִɽȴǵִﲢݺԪݵıɽҪԼȥģ

⻰һûĵ˵ͷӣܲһ˵ꣿˣ㵽ʲô취ǹȥòֱ˲Ŵǰɣ
ҲûǸģ
ϹԶƲƲ죬ȥ

ϹԶӰһۣ漴Ͻ˹ȥ
ܿ죬ˮɽĳϣܵϤ첻ĵͷӣʲô
ϻ濴ҵĶԺõţ
ϹԶһۣ漴˫ּһ־ǰɢʱİ׹ӵһ·ƽϲӣȻγһ󷨣Щɢİ׹Ŀռ֮գ֮һǳǰ
⡭
Կ϶˵ﲻֹһΣȴӲ֪ﾹȻһռ䴫
ҵĶôϹԶʵ
ˣ
ܺãִ־
ϹԶ˵ǵݺԪݱһɽȵͨ־Ҫģκ˲׼й¶ҪĻǱɽҲͨͬ־ʹͣ
̫ˣ
̲ס̾ռ䴫ϹʱڲټɶڵĻԪ½˵ȴǼΪ
ҹ⣬ִǸɽȺǵٶȥɽҪʱ䣡;ʲôĻʱϻ÷ԣǻȥ׼һ£ɣ̣֮ϹԶɫ
õģͷӣˣûʲôҪģͷʵ
ɣ
ϹԶڰ֣ס֮ٹ
ˣ
ʼ磬ǣ㳯ȥʱϹԶɫȴ˲һЩ
ǰ鵽ҪʲôǵóСǰȥԪݣѵ֪ȥ˻Σգ
ˣˣˮǱһ£ʵڲеĻҲֻһˣ
ϹԶ̾һ漴μ˸ǰǿռ䴫Χػأ֪Щʲô
ˮɽص˾ռ䣬ȥ˵һ£Իطˡ
ϹԶĻԼ̬ٱ仯УôȥԪݿûô򵥣ֻΪĸ׶ľصϢܲȥ
磬ģһҵĸģ
شӺ汧ס죬ο
ţ
ĬĬͷȴȻ޷ĸоֳ嶯ߣϣԼŮ˸Լȥ̤δ֪Σա
ͬף˵ˣҲͬ⣬첢ûжԣֻת§ڻУ˼ľף໥þδ


306 ˫򣬻ʹϦ飡
вԪ붫ݵıʵû̫ƣҲܶ࣬кܶ඼˻ӶΪľ֡
ķΧӲ֪ߵĳɽɽڣȴͻأһ׹˸漴죬Լ˴ӿռ䴫˳
ϹԶַ콫ռ䴫ڲأźŮһͬɽȥ
ɽڵɽ̫һʱұɽ棬֮Ҳ벢ڲЩͬĻ
ϾһطһЩƣȴ໥ҲΪԵʶЩࡣ
һǲģǾ˶Ůͣ
Ͻãɰ˶߳ɽñ·˷׷ײĿ
Ǳô
Ĵܣ˵˵һԿȳǳصӣΪ˫򣬲ȥ￴
ã
ͷ漴жһ·һ˱㳯˫ȥ
֮ԻϤΪרŴ캣˹ڱԼԪݵĵͼʱȻ࣬ȴԵͼϵġ
˫򣬹˼壬ǴŲԪҲһʮҪóϵ㣡
ΧܴԿȳǳأڵǲݻԪݣһЩ氲˲ҵνӣҳ̶ȱ֮ڤҪй֮޲
Ȼ캣Ҳ˸ˣһΪϦ飬ʮʹ֮һ
Ϧ飬Ҳ˽Ķ࣬˶캣ޱҳϣʵҲﵽԪڣʮʹҲǰУΪܵͷӡ
ͷԣڽԪǱƲѵʱϵԪǱߵ캣Ա
ԣȥҸϦȾ˽һЩҪ׼
˾¥ˣ
Ůһ¥ߵľƵſڣڻƵЦ»롣
ӵ˫ϣ¥ߵĽȱȽǣû˿⣬˾¥װ޻涼Ϊͨûκ̫ע⣬˻ú˾¥ܺ۸ʱʱһٰ֮ġ
͹٣Ҫס껹ǳԷʵ
ϷȻ׼һƲˣóƱݵУԸʣµĽǸϰ壬˵ڵѵˣ
õģλүԺ򣡡
˫в¶ۼһĨâ漴ϥĳȥ
ڵѣڣָı캣󣡳Ǹ֮⣬鶼ûе˼
λ͹٣ϷѾ׼ˣСҲ׼ˮλϴȳԷȻȥϴƺܿ˹
ȥϴһ°ɣ
ԣ
ǺãλС
ƽǴλڵϷУȻһ䣬Ѻһ䡣
飬ϴ軻·ȥһѣ
ţ
ûжʣ֮뿪䣬غŵĻƵͷ˱ûжԵĳһȥ
ʱһ¥һԺӣһԼĪʮ˵ȺǣǸϦ飡
ʹϦа٣
Ϧ̹˹˻һȴø·Ļһæ²СĲ֪а٣еаټ£
캣а٣캣ڿžԵƣȻѾûȥƿ캣ִˣֻҪ캣ˣаپ;ԲҲ
ˣض񣡡
ڰ֣ǻƹԹԵĹ˳ȥϦЦŵһѾкüûаˣһа´۽磡
Ŷô˵ԹԵЦ
аٵʵһǧ磡ߣҲ֪аٿνޣ֪жҪаһɵãϦЦŻص
ϦΪ캣ΪˣϵҲܲ˵û̫ηİ
ЦЦɫ֮ȻһЩɫˣҲ˵ˣϦҲ˲ٵʱ䣬ŶԪҲΪ˽⣬ϸϸ˵˵ɣŶˣ˵жľô
ľ壿û˵
ϦҡͷԪݽ֮ݸӸӣܹһԼʮ壬Լϰٸ壬ва˵Ķľ壡
Ŷϸϸ˵˵һɣ
ǣ
ϦӦһ漴ԵһֱԪңԼԼ˼ңʵ࣬վԪ۷Ĵڣ໥٣Ϊ㶦ԵʣҲûзκ֮սϾǶҪ˼ң໥Ĳ¼ɺܶ࣡
ԪңǰʥԪİļ壬Ϊߴʥǿ֮һԵʣ΢ԼҺ͹˼ǿһЩԪ֮УԪǿʮԪǿ߰ˣĲ
ʥԪİ飬ѵʦ
Լңʵеһɲ֪ιʣʱԼҷһЩʣԼ֮˻С΢޷֪
ԼңҲʦĪˮǰȥļ壬ǷͬϦ˵ʲôʣҲ
һ˼ңĳЩĴУֻǴжϵˣ¹˼ҽЩʵвٵĶ嶼˹˼ңҪȡ֮
ĬĬĵͷţϦֽԪݵĶ򵥵˵һ飬ԺѾֳһŵΣѾĵǲݵͼһΪϸµ˽⡭
а٣֪ľͲЩ
Ϧ˵ˡðһ䣬аĶľĪԪݼ岻ɣĻ»Ĳһ֪
ģ
ҡҡͷүүԨĻԵľĸ׶ľص򵥡
ˣ¾û취ˣ
Ǻǡû£Ҳһʣ°аæһ£ǷܹõϢܹҪŬһЦŵ
õģһͰȥϦͷ
ɣסҵݲҪй¶ȥøղǸҲպ죡
аٷģף
ãȥˣ
а٣
ͷ漴뿪ûκע»ص¥ķУ˿Ҳϴϣױ̨ǲʪ㷢
ˣ΢΢һЦô˽⵽ʲô˰ɣ
ܱ࣡һͷˮҪã
߹ȥùΪ㷢ͬʱڵ飬˵λĸ𣿡
ģһģ
ԥĵͷֻҪȥһɹΣҶȥ
ʵ⻰ǰο
ףͷٶԣžģȫҸ
ͷ֮Ҳȥ΢ϴһ£źһͬ뿪䣬Ѻһ¥ζȣҲΪ⡣
ֻŮһеϣ˲ʳ͵ע⣬мֱѯʷϽһӸˣҪϷʳͶٶЩʧ
˵ȷ˵ıĪǺް취


307 ҷĬ
˫ǺطЩһöණǴԪǱ߹ģûأ
ǰҪȻҲôܶ˾רŴЩ
е㲻ã̫һЩʱʱĶᷢһЩ
˫ĳϣ˳Թй䣬һһ۹˫һУʱʱŮפһЩ̵ѡԵǰ⣬ĳһ
վסСˣ
СˣץסȻҰƤ
Ǹմһε߳ʱǰȻһִʱһʮŮӻŵܹײһ¡
ŮӺ棬߸˽׷ᣬЩԻǴЩ˿˵ġ
߰ɣ
һǸŮҪкŮ뿪
վס
Ȼʱ˵ǰں棬ǸŮѾץסˣ²Ҳ޷ѡ
ʲôôǰˣɫ䡣
СӣǺСһİɣ
һղҼ˶Сһ£ǲѾǼүĶתƵˣ
˵ɾһ㣡
˫ĿһǽղôܺʶУ˵ʲôһŲ֪ԣÿ򣬱Ҳ
ôĿ
䣬һʮ˹ú˧һҲ޷ȡ˵ʵҲǲףȻѾڡ
үСץסˣ֣Ǽ̱ǫ١
ã
ͷɨǸСŮ󣬽Ůϣе̰
ĸǺΪʲôҪǸСŮһ͵ٵĶֱӸǿһʺӣʱ֮˵ıüΪŹ֡
׳գ
һЦɨһЩ˺󣬵ĵߣ
ţ
ŮԥĳǰȥȫûнνүУΪֲмʱðɣŭվס
ʱץסСŮһ⣬ٴεǰһĿⶼô⡣
ҲǵҪʲôȻ͵˱үĶǾʵĽ
˵˫ϣû͵ҷĬĶܹ˰Ȼ뿪
Ĭ
֣ʱüͷһ塭
֮ǰڤרŶԷҽһ飬ڤǷҵŲ٣ڵʵټļħʦȻħʦ汻εúܺãȴӲ캣޿ײĲ̽
Ƿ֮ȴš
˷ڤ֮⣬޴Ļڶ˾ӦǰĬˡ
Ĭ֮ڤֻһ꣬ʵȴڣֻĬûгΪħʦ츳ʶڷҵһУڤӡ
һǰڤ˰ǱڤԸֶͼҪħ̵꣬ͬʱưڤ򣬿ֻڰ˷أȥҲֻʣԪǰڡ
˴ʧ÷ޱȷŭҲӷҿ˽⵽˹飬õʱΪڤϴˢҳ裬ʱҪ£ʱ·ں档
ټ֮ڤĴ̼֮չز˵ǣ֮ȥ
ĬͷڤȻֵܣȴͬͬĸڤܵ裬ĬĲѣʱﰵ˲ٵֶΣҪȡڤڷҵĵλ
˵ڷڤչصʱ䣬ĬǷһеĵһˣ
ΪܹԼõĬȻ˫ߵ⣬Լ£ݻԪݵһЩΪ
ֻû뵽˫һж˳ͻ䣬ȴڲЯһ屻С͵͵ˡ
ֻǵһ岢ûʲôһ﷨ԷĬҲֻΨһһ
ʱĬ֮ɲǣΧ֮˷׷ױ죬Ĭݿɲ򵥣ټ֮Ϊ̣ǱҪ˫ϣûԸȥģ
ڲȻǿǼڵԪǿʮ˵ԪǿߣƺԪĳĹϵУһ˫ϵҲȻСˡ
Ĭˣİ׵Уʱ˲ٵ
Ȼ˵ɫ˲˵ȴǱȻƽЦԭǷҵķĬүֲţǺǡҼʶˣҹȻ˲𰡣
⻰ǳ÷Ĭʱɫһ䣬һ˫Ϊ˧
СӣƲǷңƲҷĬ
Ĭĵƾ仰첻Сǲһ·߲ˣ
ô
ԣüëһף䳰Ҳ뿴Ĭүô߲˵ģ
˰ץȥĬԥֱ
ʱǵǰ֮˱붯֣һɫ

챾붯֣ȴһ
Ѿڵû˿ֻصļ죬˱㵹ڵϣʹѡ
ʵҲ㲻ˣȴôҲĶ֡
գ֮ı仯Χһ㶣Ĭ˫΢С
ڣ
Ĭû뵽Ů˾ʵ˵ǵҷǲݣ
ǺǡôĿ
Цʼ˵ڤͷĬڤڷĬ֮ǰҾ벻ˣĬʲôʱܹˣѵ˵Ѿ˷
⻰һʱΧһЦ
Ĭ˫жʱһĨɱһСӣҷҵǺ˽⣡
ң˽ѣٴʼ硣
Сӣʲô֣Ĭʵ
ʲô֣޹أ
ʱϦȺ˳ޱĵĬүλҵĿ˺ѣô죿
ϰ塭
Ϧ棬Ĭɫѿ
˫֮ǰﳤһЩϾǵˣ˾¥Ϧ֮һ
ԭܼ򵥣ϦΪأ˫ϵ˶֪ݣֻҪǵľ¥ˣûк³ҲԸԼĵˣ
Ϧ鰡ôˣ췴Цʵ
û취λҵѣҪʲô飬Ҹô
ϦЦЦ漴ĬĬү֮ǰҲ˵ˣΪǵ֪ĬүΪΣ
û뵽˵Ӿ֮ͶϰԳ棡
Ĭһ΢ЦãҾ͸ϰһӣСһЩǧҪԼ鷳źã
ˣСȥ
ĬתߣȻСŮ͵һҧץ֮˵ϣ⧲֮£ʹСŮܵߣļû͵ûУ


308 ضʥȻ
СŮ֣ӵ
Ĭոתȥٴת˹Сүԩô
Сã£
ҲСŮģͷǷĬ۳ʲôף㶪ʲôƾʲôСϣôҲһڵˣԼĶã˼ϻ
㡭
Ĭԣʱ˫΢УС⻰˵ÿǹˣĪҷĬԩһСɣ
ǿ˵
ƲƲ죬׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǰֽ£ĵүԼĶˣͱֱˣű߲пô
ţ
ĻĬʱͷȥȱߵϹȻп壬Щɫ䡣
ȷԼȷǱ͵ˣû뵽Ȼ˹ĳѵô˶ȫϹӣ
ڷĬɫͬʱԭ߿СŮҲǶһ£ȴ췴ס޷ǰ
ãܺã
Ĭһ֣ɵУĿӹǺñ£ҷĬˣɽˮϣǻ´μʱߣ
˵꣬ĬʱǼڵصȥΧŵȺһɫĻôôû֣
ֵôֵģ
һЦڳ֮˾ֻ
߰ɣȥˣûˣ
̾һ飬ֻѺͬû˹ֵ£ʶһͬź˾¥ȥֻζˡ
ϦǸǾµСŮ

˾¥УϦҪһԺӣͬʱҲøϦ鰲żŮΪǸСŮϴһ´˳
ò˵ʮСŮϴ裬·֮󣬵һСŮӣļɰգټ鶯Ĵ۾ֻСŮ˿Ȼӵɫ˸֮⡣

֣һ£Ȼ֪Ժ⣬ǹԹԵ߻صߡ
ʱԺУ죬飬ԼţǸСŮվǰЩŹ֡
磬㵽Ҫʲô
ʵû쿪ڣѱ䣬ʾҪԡ
˵ɣ㵽ΪʲôҪݺǣûȥ쵭ĳСŮʵ
磬ʲô˼ضףСŮҡҡͷҧ촽˵
ضҲСŮ֡
ضҶֲȤֻ֪ΪʲôҪݺǣ
磬⵽ô£ʲôݺ
ɻ漴ؼˣĪǿ壿

ף˵ǹֵʱұײһ£һ壬֮ǸĬ˱ˣΪľǿ壡ҳǴעڷĬϵʱ򣬽尵еݸ磬ַǷĬűߡһУض£
ɣضôܴǸĬ͵壿ĬأЩš
벻ǣضԼ˵ɣ
ӯӯһЦض˹ȥ
ʵ쵭Ļĺ
ȻĬȴҲ뱻ǣűߣǰضȻ۾ȴץסһĽ
СŮ򵥣
ҡ
ض촽һ֮ǰֳЦأ˼ҿûݺǵ˼Ŷ˼ֻǰűһ
㾿ʲôˣ˫΢еĵӦòʮɣʵӷĬ͵߶ҲӦɣ
ʮ졭
Ļڳ˶Щɫ䡣
˭ţ
µ׼أ
ض۾ϵϢȻȻڣ
һɲǵı仯ü˶ʱɴ˫ۡ
ۣСѾͷƬӣ㾹Ȼƭǣ
űƭŭһӴվ۳ôΪ㵣ģ㡭ֱ
Ĳ֪ô˵ˡ
˼û˵ߣ
ضίı˱죬˵˼ҿûйԼˣ

һ˻Բ˵˵ȥԼû
СѾͷƬӣҿ
û㣬Լ
㻹˵Ҳúýѵѵ㣬ǲ֪ʲôֿˣ
˵䣬ĦȭƵĳض˹ȥ˫ֳצܵȻضȴ۾һĨ漴С廯һ˸ֱץ˿С
ץңץң
ضһգ۳Ժ࣬ٶ֮죬֮ͷ˵һǰ
㻹ܣСѾͷվס
ͲֲǱץסᱻƨƨģ
ضͷչڵʵ֮˵׷ϮԵ࣬ʱʱĻЦһ
ס֣
𵴿һһСŮ˸ֱס
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ʱݺݵĵһضĻصλϣض˿Ϊ⣬Сͷ漴ĵ£˲ͷСǰίƵġ
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ӷһӷض󣬿СѾͷȴ̧ͷ죬Ǵ۾ǻ˵һ㡣
ˣͱװˣ
ڰ֣ԹԵ߻£ʱضŹԹԵľС죬ģ뷽ŵ鶯ֱˡ
硭
ҲضĲ򵥣׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǰҡͷЦţԪ½ߴʥǿ֮һĵʥǰġ亱УһȻͬ죡СѾͷıӦýذɣ
ʥȻϵһ͵˵û˼͵Ķֻ˼ûô֣
ʱ֮ԣŮ׷׶ʱסض̧ͷЦ磬ʶүүѽضһӾͱϳأ
ԣضȫأǵʥȻŮӻ·ʼȻרټ֮Ȼǰ͵ĸ汦ĸڽʮʱڵʵҪһ㣬յĺܺãȻûȻĳ̶ȣȴҲ˵ˮˡ
ЩȻ¶棬ΪľרأҪ̳²ҵزδʧ
ֻǣȻԼû뵽ػᱻôʶơ
СѾͷǰŮЩš
ߺߣҲŲСѾͷأ
ͦͦѾе̶ȵ˫壬Ʋ˼Ҷˣүү˵ˣٵ˼ҶԼأ
˵ţغĳȥЦ磬ض޸Ӻòã

˻һʱͷߣ


309 Ĭƣ
ǡʡصʱ˫ҸۡڣĬһλϣվźüˣռΪء
үҪ´ȥЩ˸ȫɱˣһǰȭ
죡
Ĭ̧ͷΪôɱҸ㣬ûҵķԸκ˲׼춯
ǣ
˷׷׹ӦŵĬ̾Ҳû뵽Ȼ죡Ӧڲݵô
죿Ī˾Ǵ˶үǸ죿Զʱɫһ䡣
Ҷүڤںڤһ֮е飬ѾڷҴķзҪһ㣬ڤʹĿռ䷨ųɹѣ÷ڤڷҵ½˺ܶ࡭

ĬͷڤԺ󣬱㽫ӰŪ˳ҵĸ߲ÿ˶ĬȻҲ⡣
Ǵүڸô죿ʵ
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311 ɱ˳
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312 ѪȾ֣Ѫ壡
У޾Ȼ˳ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ģ
˺޴İٻȣԼѾ˵ڳз֮⣬ʣ»С壬ͷ֮˵ɫޱѿȻ췽ŵɱ¾ȷ˴Ҽ𺳣ǿıضҲܴȥɱżԿףǡʱ䡭
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˵ţżŮ뿪ˣһƬĲѪȣ


313 ĬĻңٻȺ
ĴһС˵ӰԶȥнӰֶ
г˰׼Ұ޻ٻȺ֮⣬ȻһеԼҺ͹˼˫ĸ˶ˡҷĬҲС
һȻѾԶȻһЩ塣
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ҾӲûƭǣ
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޻ЦһĬĬҵ˵֮ǰЩᣬ԰ɣ
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ܿ죬˱Դ뿪ȻڵһƬѪȣþδɢ

޻ȥ֮󣬱̽鴫Ÿ֪˰ٻȣҪȥȴ֪һϢڰٻȻǰ˽һУһΪνżԿףڶΪ죡
պ˫ĳԺУվſӭӰٻˣڼ˵ʱ򣬺ȴСһǰ˵֣Цʦô˰֪޶ȥأ
һֻʮ꣬һϮǳɫȹԵǰӺݻ
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ǰ뵽Ļ涼أ
ıظ˵ʦûۿأǸһᣬɶȴ˿ûκεԥϣѾ˳ɰǧأ
򵥣ȵһǹڵ鱨ϵͳúõĲһ飡˵
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޺ĵ˵ǰٻЩԨԴأҲ˵٣⵽ôأ
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޺ԥĵͷʦҲвһ£ǸǲݼѧԺƸʦϴβѧԺȣһѵŮ˴ӲμӣŶˣǸҲһģ
ܹһСĸŮˣǸС˫ʶ֮⣬вּҵˣΪּҴС㣬ڶһŮΪ飬˲ݱ̲С㣬컹δɼҵķˣ֮Ĺϵڲ˲֪
ô챾ʲôϢĬĬͷʵ
Ĳ֪أƺһжԵüΪͨһȴ֣ʮʱһΣȻع飬ǸʱһƵģ޶Ǽʱʲô޻ص
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ҡҡͷһ˫ǻ۵Ĺâ˵Ⱥúõһ˵ڣȲǺڱƣôֱʣȫУǰٻȻȲЩһȴҲͿԱõģ
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ڰٻڣѩ˪ĵλʮ⣬һֱֻķԸ֮⣬ǹĻҲԺޱȵҳϣ¾ȥҲаԥ


314 ҹ֣ضȥ
첻֪˫ϷһУһ·ɽķٶУѾ˲ǣǲûʲôΣգת˲ʱȥ
֮ҹʱ֣һСӱߣһȼţĿɢŨض۾ĶЩˮ㶼
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СѾͷɣȥ԰ɣС̣
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ЦЦŽõָ飬ѺŮ漴ŸԼŪһڴڵĳ
ҹһжԵǰ㾲ףʱʱ֮⣬ֻǳԶνš
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£˾ǲɷ˵ֱӶ֣Ȼĺܿ࣬ٶȴһ㶼գ֮ǳϮȥ

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315 ɽ
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ڴʱһŲһȴһЦӵǰ׼ȷ˵˾Ŀ̰Ůһʱ˺üΪƣϽŮʱɫɭ

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Ϊ֮ˣɱȻ˿ʮҲһֱֳնʱڴ˿˲٣ԱΧҲ׷ٴ¶˿Ϸģ


316 ЫӶ
ЫӶţҲȽϳʵųһԪ۷ǿߣѾֳ˱࣡
ЫӶ˲ٵ⣬￪˶ĳ¥
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ùĹ
˫һУԥܿдڵϣɢһ̱ǵϢȻǴо綾
˲䣬ЫͬһϮȥ
ƾҲɱң
ٱ䡪ѿն
һԪӿȻһʮ׳ľ޴âչֶƷǣҲǽâֱӻһӭЫצϮȥ
һһֻЫӣգۼڰ
һֲĺ촫ѣЫֻһɾϮ޿ɵֵ
ã
Ыɫ䣬ԥĳˣͬʱ趯У赲ǿֲľ
ء
䡭
ҵĺУȻֵ˲ֵĳһֻǺݺݵغЫϣʱ³һѪȴʮſסΡ
죬ȻܵһЩ𵴣ȴҪЫɲ٣
ʱΧĻս֮һһЫӶ֮ŮϣԵʮ֮ˣȴ˿ûΣգƾɵˣǿĹȻնɱˣע⵽ЩЫụ̆ǲһѪֱԵǰпᡭ


317 ֮սЫ
˿̵Ы֮ǰе˰ѣǣԼôܻǰһŮ
ͬʱЫԼҲΪڣ
֪ôǿʵҲΪ˶ǣ
Ыܹ֮ЫӶ߻ôʱ䣬ΪЫʱƣһЩǵ˻ֹȥǣѡĳЩʱͳ⣡
˭뵽ȥôˣ֮ǿ
Ȼϲûкҩ
Ы֮ǰңΪʲôҪפô
վѪȾ˲½Ы쵭˵Ҿ͸ɣҾΪԾ󻼣ЫӶţ
ЫӶţ
⻰ЫɫīԭǷԻɸΪ񲯵ܵŨɱȴǽ뷨ܿ˦Ժ
ףտľľˣ
Ҳ㵽ʲôˣҪЫûôף
Ы˵漴˫ּ־ԭƽһЩٴӿѣۿɼٶȲϳЫڵλӿȥ
ӷǼҵĽЫ֪Լǰ˵Ķ֣
ųѾǵԪˣ
ԪԪֻһ֮һŻᶮʲôر
ԣʱЫѾƴˣΨһܹʤϣǱ࣡
ŴŴš
ӿЫֳһֻ޴ЫӰͨЫӵķŴ棬ΨһıЫЫβͣÿһβͶ˶һ̣ԵüΪ죡
Ыı࣬βѪЫ
βѪЫһЫ˵Ʊ˼㣬ܵĿռ˶ѣ
˷ΧڶЫӶ֮˲ܵʲôֺ̼ηķ񣬲ŮҲܿ췴Ӧַָֽѹ˻ȥ
죬˿ȴһЦɵͬ־ת˲һ޴ڶֶ
ĵһ࣬ڶ
Ѻǵһμ׷ЩĿ࣬ǵҲûжʣϾҪԸôĵˡ
ȴ΢΢һЦʱʱУεĸֳŨŨĽ
ʲôࣿ
Ы˫ۣ𾪣
ӺڶֵɲǣоһɹĿĵǺڶɣ
ı࣡
Ļһ䣬Ыʱŭۣҵ뿴˭ȥ
ʱǾ޴βѪЫֱϮңβ;һ㣬ЫӵǯӸǿ죬·Ҫгɼһ㡣
Ыӣ
һ־ٴǺڶ˲ưβѪЫϿգת£ڶɢ˲һɫâ俪
ã
Ы״ıβѪЫϣЫоһǿ͸ʴŹĿռЫƴȫ޷βѪЫڶַΧ
ŴŴš
βѪЫռĦʱһһĹȥǺڶɢĺɫâ𽥽ȫ֣ͬһɫɴһ㣬ԼԼȻԿβѪЫļ
ۡۡ
ΪԵʣЫԼĳһ̸ǽѪμֱҲ̶ã
ںڶǿѹ£βѪЫľ޴ξۿɼٶȲСЫ˵ήҵ˼㣬ϢϢأЫɥʧеĶ־
Ǳ౻٣ôһûκοܣ

Ԫ۷壬ۿԿ粽ΪԪĸ֣ΪôһС¶౻٣ôʲô壿

һڣЫȻ˺ѷεĴ
ŹңŹңҴˣ
ЫȻȴЦ֪ˣˣ
ʱ־ԽԽ죬һ˲ڶȻǣһգ۵˲䣬βѪЫûκõ£һƺƮɢ
ۣ㡭úݰ
βѪЫ٣ЫٴһѪήҲĵ˵ϣϢüΪ΢
ҺݣǻλãŹô
һЦЫҲΪУⶼԼƵģ˵ЫӶŽձ𣡡
ҡ㡭Һûڰ
Ыûڲѣǲе˼ˮȴû˿֮⣬˫趯֮УǧýȻһ⣬ֻһЫ㱻ֱӶ鴤㳹ʧȥ
ԴˣЫ
ųˣ
ˣųˣǸô찡
찡ô
ЫӶŵˣһ̱ޱȻңŮȴûκ˼ǳЩЩ֮ʼӴ˹ƣת˲ǼŮϣ
һ֮
һźڶͷȥɫâ֮£ЩЫӶ֮ܵ˼ʵڴʱһ붼Ӳ
ͬʱǧýٷ裬һȺзȥһѪһʹټ֮˿ΧһУ·𽫴˴Ⱦ޵һ㣬ŨѪϢִ̱ǡ
ŹȥʱңڳЫӶ֮ȫ𣬰ٶʬҵİڵϣȺѪһأԵǰġ
ߣȥ
նݲĺ󻼣ɱһ˺кŮǰЫӶŵפȥ
ôûˣ
Χɻ˵ЫӶŲֻЩ˰ɣ
Ӧˣ
ڱ˵ղŻսʱҾ;쵽Щˣû⣡ڿΪ֪ЫӶŽձضᱻΪ˱ȫ㲻һеˣ
Ӧ
ͷҲãɱһҲЩˣܾ˰ɣ
ţ
Ů׷׵ͷȴǺĳԱȥЩ㵣ʲô
Ҫ
֪ӺδõһѣֱӿʼЩŻĵطԴֱЦá
ȴ۾һЩֻǰȥæŮߣǱȥȥûȶñ㽫طˣתԵܲʱǻһƬ𺣡
ˣ߰ɣ
ѶԣһƬл뿪
ԴˣЫӶű㱻ҲΪԪһϵĳţ
ǻصʱʱ˫۾Ĺע
˶ۿǸЫ뿪ģ˻ˣôҲ˵ЫǱˣ
ô
ôܣ
˵üΪ죬໥ָָ㣬ϵĵ̸
ȴûȥôֱ࣬ӻȥϢϾ컹ŮŵĴս˲٣ⲻϤĻУҪıʱ̱֤Լĳ棬һҪʲôͻ״ºڶˡ
ô˵ô룬Ҳܲţ˵ˣЫӶפصĻò˶þͻᴫʱȻȷĴ𰸡


318 Ѫ
ЫӶűˣפضһѻճ˻ҽ
Ϣڵʱֱͬ˳һԼܱӿ
ЩЫӶ۸ŭԵˣޱȵ˷ܣһЩЫӶŰ໥ΣϾܹһʱЫӶŵˣɾԲǺǵģ
ЫӶűһ£һ¼
ֵһ˵ıЫӶϵĲҵڽĲһʱбȫˣȻȵȵãÿҵݶһ
Щ֮⣬ıˣ
ȻЩ˲֪ǵʵݣҲûۼЫӶǱ𣬵췢˼ȫѡԣ˵ΨһĿܣ
ʶڽʱУÿǳȥԷ߹ֵʱ򣬶ᱻ˫ĿⶢţֻЩĿ˲ûʲô⣬˵Ǹ˼
磬ȥˣ
صԺУ̲ÿȥǺһԶԶؿţܲأҪһɽɣ
Ҳ̲סˣ
ͬĵͷҪȥ̲סЩ˳ˣÿ챻˶ţ
ðɡ
ʼ磬ν֮ǰҪ˵һô
ʲôʱȲʵ
ɣ
˵ǽ㾫úϢ˵׼ɽʲôأ
ãǾ˵ˣߣ
ţ

ڶһ磬̫ոʱһ˱߳򣬳ɽȥȻ·ѣϾǰʥߵͽܣҲֻһ
ɽ׼ȷ˵һɽ
߷ƣ򶼿ԿɾƲϣɽĵԵɣ
ߵǲ֪̤ĵ·ϣ𽥵ɽȥ
⣬ЩרΪҲץһʱɽϾ峿ʱ֣¶ժõһ֡
ǲģ˵ˣԼҲǴ˿ٴ˵ˣ
ȻĻǾǵ³
ҵģƾʲôȥ
˵һ飬
˵룬ȻϴһֵŨĴ̱ѪϢɢ
ô£
ü΢ҪҪȥ
ȥа
ѿЦõ˵Ǳǵıؾ֮·û·ߣ
ǻ˵ʲô£
ߣ
˵ԴȥżӺ󣬱ǰˣľʬ嵹ڵϣȻǸղűɱûá
ˣһʮʵߵڣ͵Ķڡ
һߣȴֻһŮʵǰڣҪǣǸŮнһǶôĶڵڵϵľʬ壬Ӧþ˵Ļˡ
ʲôˣ
ﲢûйأܿ㱻˷֣
ûʲôֻ·ѣ
һ䣬ĿЩɨĵһ·ǹȥ
Сӣʲô˼
֪֮һ㣿鷳ǰɣǵͬ
Ҳκ֮ƨ£
Ҳ£ÿ
챾Ͳֺúʲôƽ¶Ҫȥһţ
˵Ĳκʲӵ飡
СӣôĿ
֮Ķһۣ˵ҿҲΪİɣҸ㣬ҹȥ
ѽ㣬㣬˵ôô಻أ
Ŀ˵ѺҲǷ׷׵ͷһھȻ͸ôţⲻʲô
λ
ʱǶƺʲôǸŮ˵˵ԸǱ𣬽ȫɱˣҡԸ⽫͸ǣ
衭
⻰Ƕʮ˷׷ɫ䣬һƻĶŮеİǰ趨ȻǱװˣ
˻ȻѪ׿¾Ϊǰˣ
һ𣬿ɲ˵ģ
Щʱһʮƽ
裬൱ƽ𰡣ҲѹֻĶˣ
Ȼȴû˵ȻҪȶ񣬼ħ֣ҲֻһֶѣѣԴӰʦʥ߶ԣûٹĴָȻʮ֮࡭
ЩĶΪԼΪĳүӣܹΪĻǽ
硭
Ȼ䣬ʱŮȴǼеٴԵλѣǼƷǻһµʱɽ߷嶥ժģóȥĻʮƽһֻҪԸְǱǵˣ
˵ô
õʾ⣬Ůһ䣬漴ɨˣȴǷǱЩԥһ˸âһš

ŮӼæͷļУҲͷ˵ֻҪǰǱһк˵
ãǴӦˣ
Եͷ漴ʮȥΪ˰裬ǾɱˣδЩ˰ɣ
С椣ҹô㻹һΪ˰裿֮˵Ц
л˵
֣ѺҲԥŮʱƻһ㣬ֱֳʮϮȥ
ৡ
ء
ʵľ޴࣬Щڵֵһ֮޻ᣬŮУΨǸڵ˵ǿսޱȼңϽɱ˹æ֮ͬһʬ壡
նɱʮˣڲʮӵʱ䣡
һĻԱ߹սһŮɴ˫ۣȫţ
óɣ
ɱ֮ߵǰĵǸò᲻ŵ˰ɣ
ɱ¾𺳣ټһŮɫ˲䣬ͷҵͬʱŮװаİݵС
ѽ㣬㿴Բԣ齫׸ѡ
ǽ򿪣óһƬҶι׽һͷȷǼƷ裡
Ǿͺã
ͷһŮɨ˵ǵĽˣǿˣ
ˣ߰ɣʱˣ
ʱҲ˰֣кŮҪ뿪Ȼһ˲䣬еһӺĳֽǰһӽкĲϣһֽץס磬еĲȻɱ
Ľܣʲôˣ
ŮӼ״һȴһƵĲŮֱӻ˹ȥ
ţһߵ֮ǰΪĽܵߣһͬ죬µ㽻ȻҾСʬ˴һһɢ


319 飬
ͻ䣬üΪ֮һ
ǱĽб첱ϣʱֱӸȥƣǴʱϽˣȴɫĽܺһӵĻûһ㷴Ӧ
ĽǿһŮŵСȻ֪ΪʲôղųֵһֱŮ˵ŮĻ챾ȴһ֮ˣ
Ϊ޷ϸоκߵϢ
ԣڴӦ˽轻֮˲ˣΪץסвŮܹŮͶҲû뵽ʱŮȻȻı顭
㽻ȻɱĽܶݺݵ˵
ＫƷ裬ǿǼֵʮƽҪǾôҲܣ
Ľ΢Զһ㣬ǧҪֶ챻ţȻôƽ
죡
ĽܵҰ㣬ȻҵĽɲˣ
ǣȫﶼ
һҲڱ˵ǧҶȻĻ˴һ
һǸô
ЦȻ趼ֵ˲سŵǲ㶯ԣұ֤ɱ֮ǻĺѿ
㡭
û뵽ô˵Ľܵɫһ䣬㽻ɱԼŰ죡


ĽܸոʱѺȻͷĵ죬湻ûУǻҪץʱ䣬ȻĻɾͺڶˣ
棿
֮ԣĽܺһӶʱɫ˲䣬в˲׼ȴһɲǷԼȫˣһָͷҲС
ô
ȫ׷ʲô֮ȴֲĽУôɵĴĽ˳
⡭
Ǿ֣ԴҲ޷ô£
ô
쵭ȻһЦžž˵ϱʺָӡɴʱȴ޿ɶ㣬ֻܹתֱ߲ѡ
˵СҵȷһЩȴСմϱ߰ɣ
չ˳Ľ֮һӣžžžĶͣΪүֻһͨˣ׳գ
˿̵ˣޱȵĺڣ
֪ˣôҶ֣޷ˣ
ˣֱɱ˱ǣǻҪ·
Ѳ͵İ˰֣ô˻ȴ˲ǰ޷޷˵ǣͬľһ㣬Ҳֻ׸ˣߵ˼㣡
Ҫ
ʱǱӮȥŮӺȻˣǰһĻһŻع
Ľܣգ㡭̫ʧˣ
ҸǣԺ˵ʶ֣Ҳѻ飡
ΪֵŮûзʲôԣָĽܺŭⲻѣԵΪɰ
ףôˣ
Ľܺն˾ֻתĶǰֶʱס
Ǳҽסˣ
쵭˵֣ʲôˣ
ѽʶ诽㣿
һ˻ʱתͷ죬ɵ诽ʲôˣĪҽ򣿡

ʱͷߣ˵诵ĵʦҽ죡
ѽ˵أ
Ц诽ϴλؼҵʱ˵أ诽˵ľŶǣأô诽ĵʦأ
Ժͻ֪ˣ
˰֣ҴˣǸ
˵֣ɱ֣˸Ǳŵÿ־岻ѣ岻ܶ¶ֱӹˡ
Ҫ
ֺĳŹǰɣһΣ
Ϊʲô
һЦղǿҪɱңҪǵĲƾʲôŹǣ
⡭
ĵȴǲͬķ֮ˣղҲǳְɱʮˣ
һʣȴȫԶԣ
ˣһӣ
³һ⣬ӣҽǣ𣡡
˵䣬ּڣָһֱĽյĵʱ˱㵤ﱻƣɫŤʹ಻ѣǸ˿˿ѪȻΪȫʧ
ˣ߰ɣ
쳯Ůкһ漴뵽ʲôĵˣǰɣÿ뿪ȻʵΣգ
磬ҡҿɲԸһߣһĽܺգſĳ
Ϊʲôʵ
ΪΪֻʣһˣ
ֿĵ诽ϣҸǰɣұ֤鷳ģܶģңҲʵأҲ԰һЩæ
ðɣҪǵģҪߣҶ˼Ƭ̣׵
诵ãǶ诺죬Ҳýһ˶ߣϾɽΣգһҪǳ˵ʲô飬ǱҲý
лл磬ллλ㣬һֿٵĵСԴ
ˣ߰ɣ
кһ漴ѱٴͷǰ·һ˱㳯ǰȥ
һֱ˺üӣǱסĽնſԻǸһѵɲǣǱֻʹӱ̲סͬʱ˵ϰѣ
ﱻϵǣ֮һЩ彡ͨ˶в磬ȫ˷
죡֣Ľܲ˳ĲΪˣҡ
ģһɲǣĽֻӿͣ漴գۼֻһ˱ԭըѿѪ飬һȫʬûУ
ĽܱϣҲһΣνߵ˼㣬͵ʴףԼȫʬ

磬ôôͻΪѧԺĵʦأ
磬诽˵ϴӲμѧԺأ˧ɣ
磬ҪҲȥѧԺô
硭硭
һ·ϣֵ켸ûͣǺΧȥŮǿЦãŮҲûѱɧšˣ
׻˵һŮ˵ֻѼӣɴʱǿȴǧֻ࡭
ȴԵúܸɾܸɾһȾĽһ㣬ȻһЩȴǶ䶼ʮ۰һʱʱ㽫öԴ
ѵĴ£澹רѡһЩ˼ɽߣҲһЩǵĬ£ֵֻĲժЩҶʱʱĻϲЦտԹ˵ЩʲôûǳĿ־һ㡣
Źȥһʱ䣬һɽеһɽ¡
ˣ
˵죬ʦ˼Ҿɽ۵㣬ûʦķԸҲȥȥɣ㣡
Ҫһɣ
컷һΧȻûʲôΣգ˭Ҳұ֤һ̾ûС
ǰ̫ЩģңҲߣ˵
⡭
ԶʱЩԥջ겻죬һ漴㿪ʼ˵ɽ֮;


320 ɽۣʥԪİ飡
ɽܸߣǧףǰɽƣٽдеһУͬɾһ㣬ó˴Ƕ־̾
ĺ
ָ˫ĿŹ⣬ܹӵҲֵأ
ɽ۵ķ羰
΢΢һЦ˵߹ٵĵطȴûһܹȵɽ۵ģ
ǻʲôǿ߰ɣ
ֶʱ˵ƽϲľǿ羰ˣԽķ羰ԽԽûеֿ֮ԻɽУ֮⣬˵ɽз羰֮ʤö٣
ɽȻûɽ߷ôʣȴǰ쾭۹۲죬ȷ˵ټһɽķΧڣҲֻŨΪŨ߷ҲȲֲðʥ߻ѡ
˻ϣһ·̾ѣһٶҲûֹ̫ȥһʱĵִɽۣ
һɽ̫ߵĻôźεӣ¶ȻԽԽ֮ͣǰĵɽ֮;ӡ֤һ㣬˰ѩʢ
ȻǸոյִɽ۵ʱȴǱǰһƬסˡ
ûаѩûк磬еֻ紺ůһУ
ůʻͷ׶ĿСϪˮ컨֮һ磬еƢĻ㣬˲ɵһ·ڵƣһ˲ȫʧ
ĺ
˸̾ѣ˵صѣ޷԰Ρ
ԶһԺӣ󣬵ȴһصϢǵɫڴ˿ȻһЩ
ԺһԣֲĲϣǴʻпԷ˵Ѿ˵ϹƷ֡
ȻˣǾͽ˵ɣ
һŮԭرյԺű򿪡
߰ɣȥ
кǻ룬ԺȻ·һ磬ԺеŨ֮ռڸ࣡
һȥʮԺӽܣ棬˿ûΪǵĵٻ
ߣȴŮӣѵŮ÷ѩ
Ѷʦ𣡡
ҵȲμǰ
˷׷׳ѵʦߴʥ֮һİʥߣ
ţ÷ѩҲȥɣʥߵͷ
ǣ
ŮӦһ漴첽ߣС㣬ǺŶС㣬Ҳˣ
ȥ˲ǵʦ𣡡˵
õأ
Ůɵĳȥʱһˮ߳Ը˵裬һ˵ʦĲ裬ԻգԿ
ӹ豭һڣ㣬ֻλøо޵ò裡һգ
Ҳ׷̾ѡ
ȻǺòأ
ѩЦʦʱɣݲˮͱҪóس֮ʱոڻѩˮжɣؾôܲã
Ȼѩ÷ƺʥΪʦ𣬵ȴֻ൱ǼӰˣǵҪĻѵŮ
ȥ׼һЩ˰ɣǶЩˣ΢ЦŷԸ
õģС㣡
÷ѩӦһ漴òĵͷת䡣
Źȥ˰ʱʥڽǱ߽Ļˣ˹
ʱлλʥǰ
Ȼȥֻʮ꣬ʮ䣬ɰʥߵļȴͬŮһ𪽿ۣһͷںڵ㷢ټŮģǴ΢һԼ۽¶һĨβƣ¾ûһôˣ
죿
ʥĴһ׵ǳֲܹϹԶϼһ̾ѣ˸ͽ
ǰˣ޶ۣʧ֮ǰ£칪ص
ǫǳ
ʥٴһ΢һٺֵʦϼһʦڿɺã
ʦһаãʦѾȥԪԼң칧ػص
Ǻǡϼһ˵㲻һֱͷôôͱˣʥЦ

ʱӰʥߵУҲԲ³ͷϹԶĹϵʮֲҲʲôͷӶ˵ġ
ˣҲϷŪСһˣ
ʥ΢΢һЦ˵ҺʦʦﶼĪ֮ãһ㣡ԸĻһʦã
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ڰʥߣڱ΢Цˣ˿ûκβѲֹŹֵĸоԼʦһƵġ


321 ľ壡
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ǰ˶żΪŹֵƢԵҲΣ
Ԫ̺ܺأѾʦأ֪ܲܰԪΪʦҧ촽ԵüΪԥ

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ʥ߻˵ʮǰĸΪһ˻Ԫ½㸸ʶ֪మϧ㲻֮㱻ľ֮˴˻ȥֱ֮ǰרΪһ

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ʥߵͷһǵãʮ֣˸ַҲֻʮʱи٣˽֮ǷƻأԣϹԶϼһעһЩȴûϼһע˵ʦͽӹһ٣Ҳûйĸ׶
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ĬĬĵͷлʦãôҵԪָ֮ǰѰĸأ
Ԫ½ͨĽ洫λþԪݣڲܸ㣬Ԫʦһ֪ˣʥ߻ص
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ٴεͷ֪ĸ׵ϢҲˡ
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찵ҡҡͷֺͰʥ˵һ뿪


322 ĻԵʦˣ
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ģԪˣҡͷص
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ʥ߼ȻѶŲʣǵĲص㲻һΪͽĻẦ㣡νʵиԵ㣡
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ʥ΢΢ЦһѣȻʥǿߣȴҲԪ۷ʵһֱҪѰҸˣұ뵽㣡
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Ѿͷҵ̫ϳϣһ֮˶֪ڵ
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ȻʥȴԵǡŷ̾ȴʮֵ⣬ͬġаǰ㣬ÿһεͻƶѹ٣޷ɹᵱɣǶɹˣҲΪȫʧͷʼ
ҲҪٶȻšŷ̾ϼӿ죡ŷ̾µĻΪʥǿߣͬʱûдԪʥǿ
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ڵʱ֣˳Է֮󣬰ʥߺȻ˼ָ΢Цʦˣ
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ʥһȫӦʣ÷ѩʱĵ

ҹĪˮʥͥԺУ֪õ˵Щʲôһֱû˯ȵ峿ʱһ˶緹֮һͬȥҲȥ
Ԫİ鿴֣ҪΪͽڼѾʦαҪȥ˵һУǷܹԪİΪʦԪİ黹źһȥģĪ˪Ķȴ鲻ãֵֻ뿪ߵĲˣԪİ鲻һ⣡
ԼңԪݵ֮һʵڵڶλ˵ڻԪ½϶Ǵ۷
ĸԿȴԼҴӣϲ࣬ˣԿԼҲŲֻϧôҲ޷ԼķˣԿʱͷöһЩ
һ˵ִԼҵʱԿȲӭ˳Ͼ԰ʥߵݣ˵ԿˣԼ߹ӴҲ֣ȴûоԼҵˣ
ȻԿȲҪʥȥķˣǻּѹĵףòĽӴ˺ſĪˮһͬ㽫Ī˪ȫһ飬ʥϸţüͷ˳˼


323 Ī˪֮磡
һʥ̧ͷ˵ˮ˼˵ǶزǶأһĹ£

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ſǸЦԾŮ磬ΪСԵʣԸܳ谮ƽһûعˣʧ֮λ£

⻰첻üͷһ壬ɣӦÿԵİ
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˻һʱ˵ĿϣԿǼֶ˵
ԭڴ˰
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齿ѣҲûж˵ʲôһ֮ͬǰԺȥһ·Ǹ֮Ů첲ߴߴ˵ͣõС飬Զʲôǳ


324 Ů֮Ե
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϶Կ񣬱ĸףĪ˪ķ
Ծĸף滹һ˽ʮ꣬ʲף˵Լһ
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ԾĿԥɨһ۰ʥ죬Ҫ׼˵ʲô֮ʣִһŮ˭˵ҵĹԹֶŮܹˣ磬ɱƭңȻôʰ㣡
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327 ʦϧ
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328 粨ϣ
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330 ħŮȶ
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ܿ죬һ˱ٳԼҵķȥ£ֻҪ鷳Ҳʲô˵ֻԼϵˣԼֱϵҲƲٷŹǻ

תۣǰµʱȥٴȥ˷ɽѽУȻɰѾͷ
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ϧк˳ǰȥԺӺһƽأڸԶ絶ͱڣŸŨĻϢ
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ЦѣǸղǹȥһʱ䣬Ԫ˽ķ֮һ

һһһЩħֱӷɳֻһȴδʧγɰڳһ״ĿǶܵС
ÿһŻħ˸żΪҫ۵ĺ⣬һشԾĻһ㣬鶯
վʮԽԽѣѰǱֿɵãҪһʱ໥ںϣ˵Ļ⼸ҳԺȶҪˣûʱҳԶ
찵ҡҡͷȴδжٷļţŬάÿһħ֮ƽ⣬໥֮ɿֳһɫ˿ߣƽγһΪͼܹӸ߿ոᷢͼÿһ㣬ǡɾһŻħǶλ
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335 ص׻ԣأ
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ԪİĪˮʱɫ䣬һۺԥ׼ˣ

ʱϧˮ㣬İ飬Ǳ𶯣ƾʮתҵֵԣ

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·ص׻צĻ棬ϵʮȥȴס˺Ժвϻſƾʮ־ʮȫ򿪣˿Ĵ⣡
޴ףѾСˣǼݣ¿ܹ֮쵱
ҵǾʮԣټ֮ľƣҲܹǵص׻赲·ȻڼԼι޹󣬸ǻðɣµĻ棬͵ӣֲβצˣһһεĴʮ޴ĳ
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ɫ˼㣬ŲʱȻоһ˿ƣɰϧԣȻҪһʱ䣬Լܹô
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ص׻һγ־һþʮʱֳâУȻϮȥ
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ҵĶԺУֲɢǵص׻Ա׹ɽѣʱżĿܣ
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ôһС˶Լ˺ǵص׻ķŭˣ
ƳƲһ㣬ٻۣٴϮٶȺƾǱ֮ղŶ˼֣Χŵ棬ƻһ㣬ɫһ˲ٴδ䡭

첻˿ԥæ־˾ʮȫγһȭͷݺݵسǳĵص׻Ժȥ
ء䡭
ֲ죬ԷɽΪĳܴѷѰӣǵص׻һεĶԺУȴ·ƴһսľģû˿ˣôʮ໥
ŴŴš

һ˲䣬ɽѣɽĸһ鱻ɫŵľʯ俪ɽĺζһ˲½˰֮࣬ð￪˷׷ɫĽˣȻǸŶϧĵǡ
Ȼһеڶδ


336 ڶԣɹ
һ˲䣬ԹҫƸȫıסˡ
췽ŵı̫ǵоǿ壡˵֮ǰΪүӺԪİ飬Īˮ˵ԵʱƲǸĻôڵǼı֣ȴҲκα
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ڣ֮ǰֶԹȥ룬޲ñɺһ˶
ۡɰֺ˧ð
УΨСѾͷϵ֣ı˷ܲѡ
ʥԪİԣ֮ȷעĸŮ֮ԵԴʶ缸û뿪벽ĸԾ͹綼Ա֮ģ
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ֻܹϣϧĵھŴηܹ
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תۣǴʱȥȻǱھʮ֮ĵص׻ԣȻһЩʮ׳ӾȻͣĪ˲ɣ
ԣڻ
оһʱɫ䣬֪һһεĳ𲻵ʲô̫ãҪȫһ
Уһɹϧﰢ̽ǰ
һҧ뼸ŵҩ󣬽ܹԪתͬʱȫ뵽Χľʮڣһһ㣬˿ζ˲˲١

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Ƭ̼䣬ŵص׻Եһŭϻʢצ¶һɫƲʣôƼĳžʮ˹ȥ

״ɫ䣬־Ѹޱȣʮչ˼£
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ԶһĻˮҪǮƵĽ˸ǽ֣¾ĪˮԪİ˶ڴʱЩ̵ı˫ۣȴҲǰţһҪϧ칦һ񣬺ؽ룡
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337 ʥߣƵʾã
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ϧڰ֮ŭȳǵص׻Դ˿Ҳû֮ǰԴʱӾǴʮ̵ֱ˼׳ʱӷŵİ©ԳȸС
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ҵھŴ̳ɹҪһʱлָΪʥʱ䣬úõĿطɽ˿иҰƤ
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ӽԺǻԪ½ֶһʥˣɽĶô󣬿û취ܣڰλʥߵſˣ
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һУȴŰʥԪİѾɹھŴη̣ΪʥߵϧڣүҲκʧĵط

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У˯һתǰʱֹģȴڻָ֮оʵҲ˿һڵӦ൱ڵԪڵʵˣǷˣҪһĻ֤
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֮ʱ֣죬飬ԼͥԺоƷԱڽÿı֮󣬱ڲϵС
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İ£ƹԹԵĹ뿪ˣȫһԴģͬһƵģҲָı䰵ͷΪ⡣


338 ԹХԪϵԪȻ
պ죬飬Լ˴磬Թҫһ·뿪Լңִܿĺϡ
ĺԼңǰϢԹҫѾ׼˵һУԴǼֱһңԵ˿˿
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Լұ˶Դ죬ôָʲôǻĲͷˣ
߿бˮɲĪˮʥԪİԼʥϧλټԪİͽܣְϧΪʦһϼֱ˸ǣȻҲҪԹҫ֪˵Ϊǰᡭ
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һԹХ뿪ϾһҪһֱǱߣ˭þʱԽͻԽæأ

ڣһƵԴڣ
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Χ˵Ĳϵ̸Уµһʼܿڱ㰲


339 ݵ֣
һŰУе̬дǹزԣüڵ˼˶𾪣ϾԼ֮ҲֻΪ˲֪
ȴûЩ˹Ŀ⣬ɹѡ
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֣ԥһ»ԱȴԵС¾ҲֻϰŰƨɡ
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ԪȻһ޶Ļӣ
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ó
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341 ֵܣԪѷľ壡
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콫еߣʵСѾͷְ֣߰Щħôģ
ǰְָҵ𣿡
ͷһĵҲǵأְ֣кööأ
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ߺߣ⻹֪࣡͸ĵķݶϣضһŶ
ضˣȻʱһ˿Ԫİȴǿ̿Ȼض֮ү꣬ȴǲŨŨĸж
ȻȻƽԸŹһЩضȴǷĵ۰
˵Ȼλʥʲô۵ĻǱضضˡ
лǰ壡
ǰȻһ
СӣʲôˣȻһ죬һĨ졣
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Ȼһ£漴ûĵֲСйҲϢ̳ģǾ͹ֲˣ
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Ī˭ЦõϹԶ䣬ָ磬ضѾһϹ㿴˭

ϹԶ΢һ£漴ϲүү
үү㿩
һͬ˲һϹԶĻУϹԶһֵǿһһ㣬ûСѾͷ㵹ǽ˲أ
ȻأСѾͷϹԶŤС
磬Ϲүү
ʱֽԽһ飬ֻڣԵӵģҺϹԶҲʮϲѾͷܿǵĽšϹүү˼նʱ͡
ֻ˵治Զǵȴɫѿ
ֵˣֱһܡ
ˣȴ°ɣ
һǣ˵ǰǲǻҪǳͷ
СӣвңȻüëһ
ͷעһ㣡СҵͽܣֲвϹԶ̵
ˣͷϹ٣Ƕ˵һ䣡
ԪİȻղҺͷһܣƽ֣˵ĻͷǲҲʵ˵ǵĳŵ
⡭
ԣȻһ£ʱȴǼæǰа˵ģһᱣסȫģϿɲ˵
죡
ȻʱһۣСӣ˵ǰһΣȴû˵ȫղҺѾսһҲԣǷѾˣòҪ˵ҲԳң
ȻǱ
Ԫİ飬ĪˮټϹԶˣ˵һ˵Ļܹסңһ˭ұ֤ϹԶӲɱ֣
ʱ˵ˣ¾һʥ֮ˣҲϹԶĶ֣˵ԪİĪˮԱ߻ˣ
ʵ˵ȻѾ御
ֵ飬ǵĴ˽⵽ʵǹǷǵ飬ȻԸ񣬹Ͷˡ
ǰܰܲǰ
ţߵ˵ɫȻ˼㣬иޱȾ


355 ŷĬ
ˣԵľˣ
ԭΪǾȱȻǰĺǳǣǾͬʱڸźڣ˭뵽һ־Ȼ˴̣
֪ˣǿ϶ֵһĹ
Ҳ˵ֱʥԪİΪͽܣ㹻һԾΪһˡ
ϧǣϲ޺ҩ
Ҳʲôˣ
Ȼ˵СӣԼ͸ԼӽԺˣ
˶٣Ȼ˫һâУӽԺʩչҴڸġâҶȻΪ
Ժ󣿻Ժô
ɫ˼㣡
Уⲻǵ£
Ȼ䣬Ҷеģ޹أ֣ǰɣ֪ˣ

ĻҲʱ۾һĵ֣Ҳ֪ģ֮ǰһУָʹģһܲѵ뿴ô
νޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɣָľ˰ɣ
ϽһֱϵҪıҼҵϧһƿвδóѣʮ޸ǣȻȫǵֹġ
һĻѪԭо˵˿̸̲סһѪ˳ָ˾һĻ˵
裬㡭
Լĸ̰˫ۣ̾Ϣ
ȴһڵϣѾ˷˵һĿģӼֱͺһ࣬ȫû֮ǰʱš
֡
Ȼ䣬ˣ̾ϾҵˣϾǸ׵ѪȻͶƽն㲻Ҳ㵱Ĺߣɲô˵ҲҵѪ
磬ҡ
죬ȻҰ޲ѣɶ磬ʮ𾴵ģ
СʱܻܲڻǸ⣬ҲΪܵ˲ٴ߳
֣ԼŰͺã
Ԫİ˵ʲôΪʦ֧㣡
ǰ֣ɣҲ׷ױ̬Ȼ˫ָ󣬲δһ䡣
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죬ǰǵȻԼ˵ĿͷģĬȻıϣЩ֪룬˼ûʦҽپô
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ԣֱתϹԶ˵ֵĽǸ诣ҲεġӦھռУ
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ʮӣ׼ȷ˵ӵʱ䣬诱㱻ϹԶһͬ˲ƴ˹
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һ㲻һֱ֪ĸôôǺıɱģΪǵĸνеĵλϧǣȻ֪һЩȴȻװʲô֪
ĸԩϧͬ齶ص˶ûΪ˼֪ΪʲôôΪĸ׳ƶ
Դ֪һк诱췢ģһҪʬΣǵҳ״Ԩ诺ΪŮ
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Ů棬Ͻȥ⻮˺ĳʬ壬Ҳһʹ죬ֻʣˡ
˫ۣҪȥȴ޷ֻȥˮ۽ǻ䣬ޱȱ
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Դˣ֮±Ѿʱһ䣡
ҪԵı֮ҵˣ

һεļ
ԭȥ诣Ҳʽع壬ȴһҵκ񣬵ǿҪȴӵмȨκ֮˰üķΧڡ
ǣѡһƫƧԺӣûκ˷̣˵ҪΪԼǰĴ
ʥȻҲˣһԸض
ϹԶҲڵ뿪ˣĪˮһŭΪϹԶ֮⣬һΪҪĿģȥǸδˣҲĶʦ
ԪİĪˮʱסϾԪİͽܣҼţҪʦ
ǼҲδ뿪ȫ֮컹һҪ飬Ǿǰȥ㣡
ֻϧԣֻǰ
Ͽȥͨһ˵ҷĬԹˣ
պ磬Ĭǰʮŵĳȵ
үԵȣ
ҵæȥĬȴʲôԵȲԵȵģһ߿һôֵңģ˵жִˣ
ԭǷү֪ү˴ǰΪ£
Ϊμܿ˳
㣬
Ĭɨһֵ㸸׳οר̹׵ģˣҲһгɣ˳·ȥף
⡭
ڷĬţаޣȴȻЦݵػص˼үûǸˣүȥɣ


356 죬㣡
ĻĬɫһĶնʱüΪ̡
ͬûκ֮⣬վſš
ʱ䣬úĸĸǾȡΪµҼҪ֮⣬ҪϣڹһУ
Ҳ˵Ѿ˰ʥԪİΪʦûУƹżȨҲӲԼü޸ϲˡ
˵Σ
ˣҿסһأ˵ܾˣֱȥˣҲԲʲô£

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вңĬ˫кâ˸֪״Ӻδĵ֪Ҽ֮λôС
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죬Ҽסˣ
Ķһ죬ĬҸ㣬û꣡ߣߣ
ϣݵĶһۺ󣬱תߡ

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ʲô
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صԺУԪİڸѺֽһЩ飬ҲһϸţһһСѾͷڱˣţЦһö
쵽Ԫİ̧ͷƽʵˣ
ţ
ףһӺ£淢ظһ飬˵ʦãɽǱҲæסʱΣȥˣҲ֪ʲôʱܻؼһˣ
СӣҰųô
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ٺ١֪ʦһô˵ôô˵Ŷ
ЦŵʦǱʲôãŶˣʦأ
海Ĳ֪ʲôصģ
ԪİָָԱߵķ䣬˵ƺҪˣ
ţе飡
ͷصǰɽ֮ǰ͸ȥţû뵽һϾϵڣ
ȥæɣסҺ˵ĸ׵飬żô
ʦ÷ģף
ĬĬͷԼĸľ֮ˣΣֻҪлᣬԱ֮Ҫ϶ľʸףˣҲͬļ壬֮бضʮ־ʣںڴ


357 طѧԺʥߣ
ʦڵʲô
Ա߷У˭ű̾òԣֱȥ˺һͣ
Сӣôôˣôçײ
ĪˮûĶһŵҩ£ʹָ
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ʱԱߴǼŮЦȻղǱٶע⵽ˡ
ͷߣܲøԼ⣬ôǰأ
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ȥ˲һʱĪˮŴ򿪷Ż˳
Сӣ㻹ǸǼԣ
Īˮһۣȫ簮
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ڨڨһЦæչȥʦŪʲôǶغ񲢲ֻӰ쾭ɣ
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ŶҪһͬȥģҵǵĺ˵˵£Ѿͷžͬ⣬诣ҪߵȫŻȥʲôר˼
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뿪֮󲻾ãԪݷɽϣԭԼṩұչصϧȴһ˲ƻص⴦ɽۣշص׻Ҳ֮һһϧӰĵһ˵֮У·ܿռ䶼ڴ˿̻һ㣬أ
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ģһķ쳹Ԫ½Ͽգĳɫƶƻһشػ潫ϧȫֻ޴ĻӰųһ㲻ϵЩд衭

죬۵ĶǾ羴
Ԫ½˶ȫˣߴʥ߸ܹܵͬȼ֮˳ֵķ
ʱҲˣ
ֻڵϧ
չ᰿ĻˣҪĤݵǿѹڻԪ½Ե޾֮Уһֻֻħ޸棬ɽڵķһԵǰ㹧
ʥվ˻Ԫ½۷Ĵڣ
ʥߣ˶ʥǿߵƣ
֪׹ȥã·һ˲ַǧ֮ãǱ鲼Ԫ½Ͽյʧе˻ħ޶Ȼŷɽ򣬱ʾǶʥǿߵ𾴡
ڴʱϧ˫־ϵֻӰΪһ壡
ԭӿޱȿֲѹȴ˲ʧϧƳһͨƵģΨüĴǸӡȴԽ
ɹˣĳɹˣ
ϧϲѣʥǿߵĴȫͬڿռر
ʥ򣬲ܹʹ˲ƣ
Խ𣬱Ϊʥϧ
ϧһİֱʣһƻûһֻֻԡķ˳ܼϿչɳԪ½ȫϧϲлڡ
Դˣ½ĵڰλʥʥ߳ɹΪʥߣ


358 ټ˾
Խ𣬱Ϊʥϧ
ʥϧ
ڸϻؼѧԺʱ򣬺һоѹֱܼģ
ڰλʥߺճԪ½Ϊ֮𵴡
ϧﰢ̹Ȼɹˣ
΢΢һЦӣĽؽ̹
ѵʦΪʥԪİ飬ʦ½ʥϧ
ϽãԶԶıΪǿģ
͸ðԼˣ
һҪȥңľ塭
үүĸס
ţ̧ͷյĿǿҵڴս⣡
ͬף֮оԲô򵥣
Ҳ˵ľ壬͵ңҲ֣
үүԨǱģʱˣһҪȥָ
ںʲô壬ʲôҵǿںԼˣںѪŨˮ飡

ѧԺԭƵĻʱȻⰻȻֲһ껹ûȫɳһƬţֲȣֱ˷·о˵ط
ߣѧԺͬ⣬ұ԰ߵ˾޹СڣԴӣ˵жˡ
ڸ˾ߵĸ£Ҳ˾ȥ׬ǮȥˣϾȻһ˾ն٣һܼңﲢʲôԴʥҲҪԷİ
ҵǣڼѧԺķΧڲûκΣգټ֮ҲᾭӾռгǣǲûʲô۵£
Ҫ֪ǹϵĵӣԹѧԺеݣ˭ǣ
ڤȥаɷׯ԰мľκȻһκ󣬱ֱӻصߣͬѧԺǻȻһµĻϲû˵ʲôڲԶһС罽ˮ˾㷢ϲ磬ˣ
ӣúܲأЦ˹ȥ
ǣⶼҪ㰡˾Цӵһ£ԥĵ磬ߣһȥԶٷýƣԼˣ
Ŷ
쵹Ҳûп˾ȥЦǵǹú⣡ˣǿû°ɣ
ûأ
һţ˾һЦԴܶǸػȥ֮һжǰʱܶҲˣ˵޹ܼҲ׷Ψһصĳ˼Һ޹Ҳͬˣ޹Ҳܼκιϸ𣡡
ôȷԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣡϾ޹Ҳܼҵˣͷ
ţҲôģ
˵䣬Ѿ˺ߵԺ⡣
Ժӣ˾޹һ𽨵ģ˵ǰļ֤һһΣ豭ǶԶ֣̺Сڼ顣
Ժƿ˾㵱޹˭ˣ
˭ѽ
޹Ӳߵĳ˳һΧȹӹͬͥһ㣬ϵЦҲӲãЩУ˾ȷû
ѽ磬ˣ
޹ʱЦݸæ˵磬˼㣬߻
ţȥɣؿ
˰֣޹ų˾˼ۣаЦҿӣǲ׼ˣ
ٺ٣ٺ١
˾ԶʱڨڨһЦ漴ȴɫһ࣬˵磬Ҳ밡ֻ޹˵һʱ䣡ʼվãȻЦݶˣл£
ʲôطҪҰæģֱ˵ֵܣ
˾ļʵҲף޹ˣ˾ҲԲھһֱȥʼն˾ն٣
Щ飬˵̫ͺã
˾صͷ漴콲޹ߵ״ֱ϶ֿˡ
ܿ죬Ҳˣ֮ʣСҲϲ쳣ֱӸһӵϾĸɸ磬֮˿ûΪʱû衣
ټ֮˵ſߵĶ飬ΪȥҲԲһüͷ
磬ţȥ޹
˵һ䣬ŵŵŵĳȥʱ㴫ŮݺЦ죬˾ҲһϺţܰ˼㡭
ˣ磬ֵѧԺѧԱˣ
ƺ˵ʦ˼ҺȥæûȤһ𣿡
ѧԱ
ԣȴ΢һ£ʱҲȷˡ
ڲڣѧԺڶһΣѧԺΪһΣ֮ǰƵ˽ѧԺѧϰҲ˵˲ٵĺûǲûоʲôĿ飬Ƕˡ
Ҿˣ
ҡҡͷ˵λҲ˶õģ
Ǻðɣ
Ƶͷٶ˵ܿ췹˱޹һｻò֡
ûãȴǺȻԺӱֱ˿һԼĪʮ꣬˽ֱ˵޹ˣ
ü˾ȴվҪʲô
ʲô£û㣡
˳޹˵޹˵ˣֻҪһ첻Ӧңÿ춼㣡ôƯôܹסֵطҪǴӦҵĻұ֤ռôǱõطöˣ
˵ˣѾ㲻Ҫپˣ㷳޹˵
ƨ
мɨһ˾ȵҿǲϳǵҶ٣ǸʲôʲôûʸõҸ
Ǻǡ
⻰쵹̲סֱЦ˳
磬Цˣ
޹죬Цѡ
ȴҡҡͷ˾ɻȥ
˾˾ն٣ʵ֮Ҳ֪ǿ˶٣һȻǰţ
ٺ٣磬ⲻ¸Ҫ鷳ôҾһֱû¶ݣ˾͵
ʱҲǲ˵磬ķˣ޹˵ĺˣһֱţ˾Ҳ¸鷳Բһֱôţ
ˣ֪ˣİɣڣûµģ
Цŵͷû뵽лصѧԺȤ£ҵǻЩ尡
ĬݺݽѵһٺȴʵȥѧԺû뵽Ȼɹ˼ѧԺѧԱ
漸˶ԼᣬŭǾȻң㣬СղЦʲôЦүôЦô

ӣߵ˾ɫ䡣
˵ȻֳֻȴҲǸĴڣǿԣ첻Ǿ;ԲУ
Ҫʲô
ͬʱǳ⣬Ҳһ䡣
ˣˣ
ЦЦȥĵҵˣô˼ѧԺУô֪ʸֱӽռƾʲô


359 ľ壬ҿ仪
ߵǰֱƲЦСӣʲôʲôҪ㱨ô
㡭
˾һŭȴڰʾ԰꣬ųĵñĳ죬ȻҲҳ̹ܽܽ㣡
ôĿСӣΪ˵˵ܹŵס
㲻ţ
ϻ־ʹҰұ֤㡭ž
˵꣬һȳֱԭתһȦʺָӡǰԡ
ûôҴˣ
һ󣬶ȴŭ죬㣬㾹ȻĴң
ϻѲɻΣ
һƲ죬ˣҪٸɧţҷ㣡
㣬㡭
˵ƽĻ᲻мһˣǱֻĵ׷ɵôӸղŵŰ裬ηη˶Ӳм
ӣҲ׷޹ǰΣ
Ŷˣһ£
Ȼղ˵ʸ˽ռԹԵĺ˵˵ô£
ҡ
ĵ׺Ƿŭش£ջǹԹԵ˵˳
ʵܼ򵥣ΪѧԺϴѧԺõ˵֮ĵһõô֮һǿԽʮŸѧԱ䵽ٸ
ѧԱһ࣬ôʦҲ֮󣡹ʶѧԺ˼ʦиΪģҿ䣡
˻Ĵڣɹ˳Ľ뵽ѧԺѧϰ˵ܹ֮ΪѧԺѧԱΪ
Ժ󣬱ŻĴڲ֪ƭ˶Ůӣҵǲû̫ϵ
ʮǰ߼޹һӾΪˣ˾ĴڣҲû޹ֱӵľܾÿ춼׷Ƿܹ޹ռԼҲκα֤
Ͼֻһ½ͨʦʵҲֻԪڰˣ
ܹΪѧԺѧԱ֪˶ٵ
ȻҲûйôֻ࣬ҪһԲȦ޹ӦǣҲֻ棬ûκ޹ȥ˼
ôĵӰȻѧԺթƭ
ɫһݣҿ㣬ҲǲüȥˣŶˣǸ
⻰СӣΪʲôˣԺѧԺϵλ˵뿪Ǿ뿪
ǺǡҺټ鲻Ҳϻ
ĲмЦҪȥһɣҵҪǸʲô
ƣ޹Ȼȥˣ˵
õģ磨磩
˷׷׵ͷżˣұ֤Ժ󲻻ˣĵס°ɣҪʲôĻͺ˵
л磬ף
˾޹мĵͷȴǺܿóǿƣһֱӴ뵽˾ռڡ

㵽ʲôˣҪȥʲôط
죡
ž
Сӣ÷ңȻһÿ
죡
žž
ܹɽռ䣬ЩˣͬʱΪ塣
ڵﱻ˲ӡͬһ㱻ţÿÿѯʣɵȴľһ졯һĶ⡣ȥĽȳͷҲԹԵı졣
磬ǻˣ
ǰ磡أòݲؽ˰ɣ
˶ˣѽ㣬ĪǽŶǺǡ
סͷ˭ˣεʦʲôŵƼ˰ɣʲôţ
һﾹȻ磬ǲǻòͷ˰
˵仰ֱӰһƤ
ոջصԼסݷΧɣܿΧһϷʲѣʱûĵʲôأҶ֣
Ǽֱᣡ
̽죬ʱȴгž壬ôҲ벻ôһСȻܹ𾴡
ʲôȥˣ
ֽ׷ͳƽˣżˣղ˵ʲôεʦĻǰɣʲôϵ
磬֪
ΪŹХľλܿ˵ѧԺ֪ܶ࣬϶ᾭߣټѽҲڣԸǰһµĵʦǸ˵ƽյǺǡ
ǰ磬ǸֱԴúܣʱ䣬Ҳˣ˵
Ǻǣɣҵˣ̵ܽģãҲҪ
ЦѣȥѺĳƽ׷ҲˣΧһ˵ͣȻŮҲˣ˵Ƿ֮໥Ȼ߰˰˽Ǹ˵˳
ɣܿȻһ壬ƽǾСг֮ˡ
ټϲݷҵķܣڤ׼ҵ׷磬ԼԺүӵӳƽܹʮˣ
˵Եֵֿܣ칲ͬĥѣȫԽ󱳽κһ˵Ĵڣ
ɣǻʲô
ʱһг˹һʮ˫ֱһİȻѵҪѧԺɣ
磬һǻ
˵ֱԴѣ궼ʮˣԪڣֱûȣ
˵ʲô
ߴߴģǳ⣬漴ע⵽ʱüëһ۵Сӣʲôˣôû㣿ĪǴ͵͵ģ
ʦǡ
챻ӣ˺ǷŭҪ˵ݵʱȴվǻʦ
ңȻĵԴҴû㣬ӦòѧԺѧԱɣȻռ䣬ô
Ǻǡ
췴Цˣʦ˵ĲҵȷѧԱ
Ǳ͵͵İɣҹȥ
۾һĺȵɣǼȻ͵͵˽ѾΥѧԺĹأǾ͵ܷɣ
ӣҪץǵСӣԴӻ˵ʦ֮Ӧûٱܰɣ
һֻģﻹеʦӣ
ʦɲҪ˵ô磡
ЦһͷǣʹûУ
㣿
֮ԣмƲˣѾԹ˲ϾˣԲѣ
˭Թ˲Ͼ˵أ
ЦʲôҪͷǣˣΣ
Һ棿СӣҲҸõô
ƲЦҺˣһ᲻֪
ڻ֮˷׷Ц
Īǣ˼ҾͲˣ
ʱϵûʱͷ亹ֱðæϣҡҲ˼
ʲô˼
ϳһۣ漴û˵СӣʵȻܹ˼ҵˣ


360 Ȼѵƶ
ϣ
ɵ˹ĳϹ
ΪѧԺ֮һĹϣƽΪºͣܵѧԱİҲΨһһർʦѧԱǰĴ
ˣЩСһ˵˶ٴˣ˼Ҳô񣡡
ϰ˰֣˵ǿСӣûһ
˵үӣڿأҰ
ûķһۣҲһʱ䲻ôôѧԺҵ˰µĵʦûͬͬ⣿үӣһĻҾȥԺͷˣ
Сӣ㻹㣿
϶ʱֱһóһɵĵѾΪѧԺʦÿÿҹĶڣôѲѧԺʲôҪ㱨
øҸȻ⵼ʦҾӲˣǿӲĵ
ң
ʱӵۣҲʾӡ
һĻǺЦѣһȴͷ亹嶼Щ
ڣѧԺеλǲǰ׻ô꣡
ǻ벻ͨһСô͸ô͹˵
ζҵİ
һӺ󣬹ϻջĿ⣬ûĿЦСӣƢôģˣȻˣЩСһﻹǽˣڻ˼Ҹⰲžǣ
ȵȡ
ĵүӣЩ黹Ҫϵ˵
£
Ϻɲѣͷ漴ȥĵʦҽһ£ҽ죬ѧԺƸʦ֮һ
졭
Ըͷ亹ֱð
ţڳѧԺʱ
ѧԺܹ֮ΪϴѧԺȵĵһҪľĹͣ
ԺѦԼ϶ʮ簮ֱ䵱һ㡣
ԭԭʦ֮ǰ֮ǰ֪ʦ㣬ð֮ʦ£æ
ôСӣ㣿Ȼ
Ҳǣ
ƲƲ죬ҸϳȥͷҵˣʵɣҲôСˣ¾ôˣ
ƽȥ
ϣ磡
ƽӦһתܿʱŶԻԵʦղǸгƽģӦòʶɣŶˣҵú˵һ£ѧԺԺͷӣ
ʲô
ʹв֪˳ƽݣ׻ԴЩ͡
ʵɣҪͷҲͳͷû֤ݣô˵ˣҶ˵ˣ¾ôȥǺǡ˵ˣ
ЦŰ˰֣ǻǸ˼ô϶С꼫
磬ϣˣ
ƽܿ˹ͬһ㡮ͨһһﶪǰ
ʦңҰˤЩԺڼɲ̴µҵĿ䣬ɲܲҰ
Сӣǡ
ü⣬ߣżŸֿܣ
Ǻǡүӣġ
ЦЦ֮һжһһʮĽ˳ԹߵĽǶȽŰ侳ȻҲŹڻʦһЩù϶ʱüëֱ
ϣģһæ˵
ʱҲ˹ϵĴڣɫҵ˼㡣
죡
ȵ˼ֱܷǷǺڰףߣСƭңΣҾ
⡭
ǺԥΣڸжͬʱЩ
ˣСӣ˵˵ôɣʵ
ܼ򵥣ȫѧԺȥ̤ѧԺΧ벽쵭˵
Ҫ
Ļͻʱġ
ɹȴֱӵͷӦԣͰ˵İ죡˽뿪
ţлˣ
˰Сӣʲôʱôòˣ
ûĻһ䣬漴һЩ˽Ѿ̱˵Ķ˷뿪ˡ
Сӣ񲻸ô򵥾ͷŹǵİɣϴյǰʵĪСڱúˣ
ٺ١Ȼô򵥣ֵܣ޹ҲҵĵˣҪô򵥣Σ
ǻһĨаȵĻߣù϶ʱСӣ֪ûôģ˵ɣ㻹ʲô
ܼ򵥰
ʼ磬аЦ治ǺڤķΧôһ֪ͨҵ˺úչչǣ֮ˣ
˭㣬ǲǵ˰˱ӵĴù
ĵҿСӣȺöϼһﶼҪ
ٺ١лл佱
ȻӦУùϰֱˣ˼һõȥСӷϻˣðಡ
˵ţϱҡҡλε뿪ˣ˭һܹ˼ҾѧԺ֮һ

ռѩɽ֮ۡ
ôѩããһƬޱȴ̹ǵ硭
켱ٶ۴ڱеƶ֮⣬ڱԱ߻һŮˣȶ
ʱȶڵϣ˫ֱϥǣһţɫԵüΪ
⣬ԴʶȶһοħŮ̬
ȶ㣬ôˣ
߹ȥû°ɣ
ܵܡء
Ļȶҵ˷йһֱͶ컳гҭѣˮҪǮƵʱѾǰȫʪ
ȶ㣬ȱްôˣ㲻ǻƶôڵô£뻳첻ϵοš
ƶѲˣ
һȶֹסָԱߵı˵
ʲôѲˣôܣ
Զʱһæǣȶֳȥ
ڣƶȻ˫棬Ůһ㲻Ⱦһ˿̳ףף
ƺҪǰһЩ˰
ϸĹ۲һ飬˵ȶ㣬Ϊʲôô˵
ءܵܣģ
ȶܿ콫еһ˵һ顭
ȶùǻһǧƽµݺ󣬱ֱӻصҳڴ˴ǻ껨㰴ѾĵķҩյõһҺ徫ƶ
տʼʱƶɫȷһЩϢҲüΪŨδ̫֮ģ֮ǰȥҪһЩǰڵһ㾫ʶȫɢˡ
ȶʱ֮ǰǰһֱһԣСŮһ㣬ɫ
ôأüⲻӦð
ǰҲú֣һжǰշ̵ȥ죬ûвһֺȶҧ촽ĵ
ʦ
ˣ֮֮ǰʦ˵Щæȶظһ飬ֵȶ㣬ʦԤƵģ˵᲻ǻʲôû룬Բһҩĵ⣡


361 ξ߶飡
ĻȶɫȻûбã촽˵ôܵܣΪڸôܾãƶʱĲˣ
û£
΢΢ЦҸղŲ̽һƶ״Σյģǽ뵽һұ״̬УԭҲ֪
ǣȥҲǰ취
ȶ˵һʱһƶǾԶѲˣ
ڣҲûʲôõĽ
̾ţʱƶʧȥһʦɣʦﾹȻܹԤϣӦа취ţ
Ҳֻˣ
ȶĬĬףСڱḧţƶƶѹɣҰѽλø㣬ٺ˾ǣ
ûлӦһƬĬƶëûжһ£

̾һȶ㣬ҲܾûԶˣ߰ɣȥһ㣡
ƶȶҡҡͷ
Уҵģ
ɫ˵ȥƶ֪Ҳһ᲻ĵģ㲻ϣƶʱѾò˰ɣ
ܵܣҡ
ȶ׼˵ʲôȴֱͳȥҵģʵڲĵĻȳԹ֮ٻ
뿪ˣǲûƶ۽ǻһˮ
ΣڳԷʱΡ
Ѿݣǻ껨Լ٣Ȼƶ޷תֻܵʦ飬һΪεһˣ
ǣҲΨһһ취
ƶڵ״ףһҪǷʲô״¾Ǻڶˡ
ԹȶʼҪȥƶ֮ҲֻȥˣҲרŸȶ׼ʳȶ˵һҪ뿪һʱ飡
Դˣȶû飬ϾΪˣӦæԼ飬չԼŮˣ
ʵҲЩڴϾڵǸ϶Ϲʱĳλǰڣܹ˽⵽ξƶİ취ǾͲٵʦˣ
ˣҲһᣡ
ȻǷǰ㣬˭Ҳȷ
ݱȶһ۱еƶȥ
;ռڵɵ˴һкȥԺүӣѦԼϣóڶõԪһ׹˸αԭʧ

ͬʱںڤУ뿪ѧԺĻȴǽӶһϵϡŹֵ顭
ָʾаɷӶںڤеĵλľκȻһ£ڤת׷ڵ׼ң׼Ҽ׿Գ֣ǰǲûǰ£ݺݵһһ١
ô
ոֱһٵ׵ŭڤȻңȴûôĳˣ
٣˵ˣ
Цû´Ļ¾ǸΪ֪ںڤҲһ
죡
Ժ޵ҧгݣҴҲΪҾȻ죬Һ㲻죡
ԣӿЦ
Ϊ˵ȷſһЩ֮ǰǼ飬Ѿʶ֮Ĳ࣬˵ôƫ̻ˣҪ˳𣬿¾ȫҲûʲôᣡ
һʱ䣬Ŷֹ߶йŭ𣬻ȴѾ˼ţǲϵϾֻҵһ䣬ûҪΪĥȫûκιУ
Ӵǣˣ
Ȼ䣬ʮ˼ٴ˷գۼ㽫ͻΧ
ڳĻһ۾ܿȺ˴ͷĺȻľκȻаɷӶŵųľκȻԱ߻׼Ҽ׿
ΪѾ֪ʵʶΪԷһ׿ǱҪԳģϾаɷӶȻ˲СʵǲһЩڸַ࣡
ȻаɷӶҪɱĻҲԿԣضܴ
ǵҪʲô
ȺˣҪˣ
ȻÿεʹŹȭȭⰡĥֱǶǾĴݲУ
ǺǡؽţֻλȥһطͶѣΪаɷӶųľЦ˵
͡
һԣǱͬϰ
ǰλĻʢ룬λӵĻǺ¾ֻλԼȥеˣľЦ
ǡ
죬ҪܾΧϷʱȴǲҶ˵һ䣬ҲֻܹԹԵ˰Χӵ£аɷӶŵפȥ
Ǵׯ԰ľĺԴƵģڽǰ㰴ձ
ľκȻԼ׿ͻ棬ʱ˶ľƲˡ
λؿã
ľ΢΢һЦ֪λһ·Ͼ˲ٵĿѣұ֤û˻ţ
֮ǰһδΣľκȻûԳ棬ټ׿ĳҲڰнУʶǲ֪һжź˵ģľǷ޺Ц£ϵķ˲ٵĽģžƱ㹾ཹཱུĹȥ
ǿˣˣ
ȻҲЩԣɿ˺ܶ඼ûºҲ˲ôˣֱӴԴ
ľ˶һۣǿ˶ԷеЦ⡣
λǵôˣ˵ǱаɷӶŵ׷Ϯ⵽ô°ľЦʵ
ͻ֪ǵݣҲõĻᱩ¶
⡭Ҳ֪
һŶݺݵĵ϶ǸСѲ˸ϵߣλζлˣһȥ֮ضһУʱǾ͸ȥٻܱڤÿ촦Եúã
ңĪλҵλүľȵĵ
ҽ
ԭҶү
ľЦ氡үλʦǳԵĿ⣿
⣡ǳ⣬ͽˣ
æͷ漴ȴɫһʶǣûк˵ʦɣ
٣㻹벻ôϵˣЦ
ϵ
һվŭľǡ
Ǻǡ
ЦһľָָԵλӦþ÷ʮֿɿڰɣǺǡʵǰɣǾаɷӶŵˣųľ
㡭һж㰲ŵģôģ
ָľŭⲻѣ漴ȴһȫ񶼱סƵģ˳˺֮⣬˵ûС
ͬģлҲˣ
Ƿʤ
Ǻǡôǣ
ľЦģǲɱǵģֻǸǵһССѵסˣʲô˶ܹǵģ´εĻǺǡ
˵ľֽˣԸǶȥŶˣֵǮĶٷɲǰװ׳Ǯ


362 㣬Ϲʥ
ˣͻױˣ
˵ỹһ㣬ڳ˲֪ʲôҩǣȫϳ·֮ҲûǱׯ԰⣬̱վûС
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ׯ԰棬רΪ׼һԺڣľվǰԥԥľԵЩŤ
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ϵ̧ͷЦЦĵǵųôȻǸǶһҲһ£ĪΪǿɰƯʦã
ү֪ˣͱϷŪˣ
ľһ죬ڨڨͷɫүҶСһˣ
ʲô
Ц㲻Ӧֱȥļô
ҡǵıܾȻѶûľЦүⷽȽó취ɣ
ұȽó
һ⻰ʱͷߣûĵ˼˵ֻӣ
үҲ˼
ľæҡԴ쵱ЦˣֻǿЦѣ˵ĵĻôȥĶԴҪ˵ǰ棬ɲҪʲôåΪĲ㣡
үľʲôˣ֪ô
ľ˫һ̯εĵСϲʲôү֪
һĲ֪
ʼ磬ҺʦʶദʱҲֻ̫һܸ㣬ʦÿɲǼ򵥵ŮˣĿĻǾͱҪ׼ԽԽµľ񣡡
ðɣ֪ˣ
ľЦѣôãǵһ˵Ĳ֪롣
ˣȥɣҪϢһ£ȻعˣԼ뿪ڰֵ
ǣү
ľ֪鷱æҲûپʲô̾һת뿪Ժӡ
Ȼո߳ԺӴ֮ʱӭǸɫӰȴǲڨڨһЦС㣬ү£


370 ε޹ˣ
ʦ˰
ԺڴľЦŵͷ룬ľԭԥһջԺڡ
Ǻǡ
ľνЦЦӵ˵ɣ
лʦ֣
ԥʦ֣мҪ鷳㣡
֪˵ʲôʦ˼ңЦ
ǵģصͷĿС
ʦڲ⸽ң
컺ԵһѾ뿪ˣҡ
ʦ֡
˵꣬δϵСΪʦļӣӦǰȥݼ֮ǰΪһֱںԵʣûǰҼȻѾص˴½ҲӦͽܸеΣʦֳȫ
үͰСɣ
Աߵľ״ڵСȻģ͸ó֮˵ⲻһ仰¶
ľĻʾ
һ仰¶ΰɣѵΪʦֶģһ仰ʦٹɣ
ֱľһֱ˾үˡ
ʦ֡
θмĳľһۣżûб˼ֻҪݼʦ˼Ҷѣֻ֪һӣһӶˣʦо֪֮֮£һģ
ɣҰϵһ£
ʦǷҪ㣬ǾͲ֪ˣ
ȥݼʦ˼ҲŶ԰μæ
ȱ𼱣ڰֵûô򵥣ʦӦŶˣʦһͽܣûʲô뷨𣿡
һͽܡ
֪϶ʽӣ
˵û뷨ǲܵģԪİػûж˵
ʦַģ֪㵣ʲô
Ц˵ҳΪʦļӣܹõʦָѾˣҾȥʲôʽӵ֣
ˣǵʦֵˣ
⻰쵱ԳһЦˣҴӦϵǸղǾ仰ʦ㣬Ҳû취˹
ţлʦ֣
θмĵͷСþ͵ʦֵĺϢ
õģȥϢɣ컹еæ
Ǻãʦ֣Сиˣ
ӯӯһ񣬱뿪ˣľƺҲֻǶĵͷֻǽ֮İ΢ǿһЩ
үҲˣ
һкľܿ쳯ȥ׷εĲǲ֪˵Щʲô˵ĽƵҲΪ졣
һ˼ȴԺһͷ
аɷӶԵʢ˥ȶԣѪǾޱǱȻŮУŮȴռķܹ֮˫ãһ˵ĸ⣬ǵҲʧΪһ¡
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ԳһЦҡҡͷ漴طϵʦԪİȥˡ
ҵǣԪİ黹ǵӣӦڽҵ鷳֮ǰμһǿҪ£ԪİҲӦܹĻҲԸ⽫Ϊʽӣ
ȻʵԪİȥˮɽϾýãʦĪˮĵ̡
Դ쵱ȻʾӭԪİʲôʱҲֻŻ֪ˣ
漴ȥҵΣԪİӦ֪ζʱ֣һֱԵ侲ΣȴͬСŮһ˷ܵĲӵ
ϣ뿪ˣżѧԺķٶȥ
ʲôˣˣ
ѧԺںߵǴԺӵʱ򣬱˾޹С߶ţ֡
磬ˣ
죬˾ʱԵüΪ˷ܵĵ磬㹧ϲҰɣҪְˣ
˾У޹ߺ͵͵ؽһ㲻ٶԡ
ģǿ̫ˣϲǰ
ǰ˾ӵһ£˵Ҫúõرõã⻳пɲС£ǧҪСģ
İɣ
˾Լţ˵Դ֪޹еϢеһжģٺ١ɲ޹ˣ
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˾ļ򣬡ʲôʲôʱֵİҼǵãϴʱûаɣ
ϴξˣֻΪʱ̫ûоѣ
˾صŰ֮ǰŷֵģٺ١̫ˣҾҪ쵱ˣ
һ˵˵ǴЦ޹ݺһ¡
˶ˣ޹ôãҲȥϢһˣǧҪԼ
˾˵ţ޹ȥ
ҲΪ˿ģֻҲЩ̾˵һʱҲˣΪʲôĶһ춯ûУ
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ܿ죬˾˳ɫЩء
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΢΢һЦ֮ǰں⣬˾齲˳˾üͷԽ塣磬Ĳ÷
Ҳ֪ʵ벻˾Ͼпʯ
磬Ҫʲô˾ʵ
ԵĻҲһ˾Σл᲻
˵ڲӹɱʮ㡣
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˾ԥĵͷӦģҵȻͷԸȥҵ˵Ҳδһᣡ
᣿ʲô᣿
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˾ռĹأ˲ܹʸμ֮λֻҪ˾һô˾˾ռ̳˵Ĳѡ
ˣڿɲһˣ
ѵЩǧҪ³ç
ģף
˾ǰһ޹ڵķ䣬ɫΪҲһˣұҪ޹δĺһȶΪȫΪҲϧ
˵ǰ˾ǵΪԼȨƣôڵѾתƵ޹ڵĺϣʱ˵֮ʱôᶨ
ͲҪԼȥˣȥУ
ɫʲôϢĻ֪ͨңڵѾУרĵú
ҹƣ˾ܹһȴҲٶˣ
ϧǿʯĴģ֪ᱻ͵
컺˵ţ˾ڵһŶӣòγ
˾ռ壬֪µ֣ĶҲþͻǣ˵ʱϻһ˾նأ
ģڼҲһЩߣŲձн˾
ǺãҲͲˣϢ֪ͨұǣ
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ܿ죬뿪ֱӽԼ˾ռڣʱҲûͣ㳯ƶڵѩɽ֮ۼٶȥ


371 ֣
ѧԺһֵѾȥΪϴѧԺѴµõһԵʣѧԺϵ飬α㽫ѧԱˣ֮ǰľʮˣܹپʮˣ
ȻΪԱԵʣ˲ٽѧԺѶȣݣҲֻѡ˼룡
ڲֱΪ֣ңʵҪȶǵּҡżԲһЩǷΧڣ֣ͷĴڡ
֣ҺҲ֪ʱ㿪ʼ˵ѾһҲΪ
μѧԺ֣ҵ֣ΣҵɹͨѧԺѧϰֵһ˵ǣָΪ飬Сһ𳤴÷С޲£Ѿ֣ҿ赺ϵһԣ
Ҫֻ˴ӼѧԺбҵ̳֮ɻ飡
ԴӽռΪʻ㲻ԵʣʵҲȲУֱ֣ѾڣǰڣΪܵѧԺʦӣ
գ˺õѧԱһΣĿҪ̽ռĳЩڡ
һ·ϣһ̸֪侹ѩɽ£һСֹɽʯȻ
СҪȥ
֣κǺ˵Ҳûˣ͵͵ȥҲ˷ֵģ
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ҡҡͷȻǰΡѩɽȴҪѧԺĹأѾֹĵط
Ҿÿȥ
ԱߵļУһΪ˵֣˵ģﷴûˣǾȥһͻҲֻͷ羰ţҲʲôΣյģ
˵Ķԣ
֣εͷ˵ˣǵʵѵʲôΣղɣѧԺľռ䣬ΣյĻѧԺҲǲΣģ
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֣βϵţվɽ¿žôһվɽָǺۡһ붼òȥ̫ˣ
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һʮϲŮƽҲȥ棬ΪݵԵʣѩҲ٣ûһܹǰѩɽᲢۣ
ɫ֣֪ѾĶٴ˵аСȴ;飬̫ɨˣģֻȥһȦԲ˷ֵģ
⡭ðɣ
ʵ̲סеĺ棬ͷǿ˵ˣȥһ
Ȼ߰ɣ
֣εͷС֣кˣǿСֹɽʯȥһ·ϰѩ̤ڵϷһЩʺѩʢĻţɵ˫룬ȻǱȫˡ
֣Σͣһɣ
˵ܰããһƬ˳ԡ
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֣κԥĵͷ˱̲ͣܵסĸ̾ѡ
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һһλ˿ûڲεı֣ǿ
ˣǸսռ䣬ȲҪȥ۲ƶ죡
һ˰ˣƺһѧԱǲģ֣ƲƲùǿǵķ羰
˷ʼЩãԥ
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֣Ц˵϶Ҳ͵͵ģҲȥҷǣ˵ˣҲʲô£ɽͷ羰ô
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ȻԭѧԱܲʶ
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˳ָıӺȵСӣҲ˵ˣ㲻Ҳһ͵͵ʵ㣬Ƕ㲻ӣ˵֣ˣҲܹ㣡
ǰڵʵ˵ţ֣ȴΪɨһ죬гӣ
ȴü΢֪ĻЩ̫ţԼһˣȴҲʲôû˵
ôĿ
һЦΥѧԺأȻ֪ڸģҵúǵĵʦú˵˵ˣ
Сӣȥ״ˣҲһȴ漴
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֣ٴαӵĵһ죬Եȥ״ȥ˭˭ҾͲˣΪ£ʦܷңߣ
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֣ͦͦأȻҴϴѧԺȵĲѡ֮һǰ죬绹Դȥ׼ѦүӣѦүӻţ
ΪһĺٻҲδ̫˰ɣ
ȥݼѦүӣĪһ˵Ĵ׷Сӣ
԰׷ĻûвμϴεѧԺȣĪһ
ˣ˭ȻŰСܣǾҴ
ҡҡͷȥƶ֮ȥʸף⼸ˣҲҪ֪ѵȻԺΥѧԺǻˣ
ʱҡͷ֣οȴǶӡ
ֻ֣ŭСӣҡͷʲô˼Ϊƭ㲻ɣҸ㣬øҹԶһ㣬Ȼȥ
ǣֻҪ֣һ仰ͻᱻϳѧԺʱ޶ûطˣͬһĸš
֣Σ죬˵ע㣡
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ָ֣죬ЦǱСӸģƾʲôǣΪʲô
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˰С֣漴ǸλӦѧɣ˼˵һ㣬ûжģҲˣ㲻ҲôǾԼԼģô

ɫЩŹ֣Ȼĵͷǰ㿴ûһܹȵˣ
ԣԣ
Цõ˵ðɣͰչ˵ҲˣһȰɽȥɣķ羰򵥣
˵꣬㲻ٶԵļɽȥ
üͷ΢壬Ǿ⡣
СùСӵĻģ߰ɣߣ֣Ե
ðɣ
ԥһ£ʵڲķŹôķ羰ǵͷͼһɽȥ˿ǰȴεҡҡͷ˫ֿٵ˼־̾·ԼѡģΣҲֲñˣ


372 ƶ죬
ѩɽۣ֮Ȼǰƶڱͬ˯һʱȶȴѾߣӱԱҵһȶµš
˵ȶȥˣϣʦĪˮܹ취첻صġ
ԴˣҲǰεҡҡͷڱױ
ƶ㣬˯̫ã
ǰģѵôţ뿴Һһ𣿡
ƶ㣬ˣѰɣʱ򣬲ҪʲôҶӦ㣡
ţűǰû˿仯գ˫в֪ʱˮ
УƶǴĴڣ
УƶչˣȻʱΪⶼΪã˵ûƶ;ûĽ죬ҲܳΪ캣а٣
棬Ϊ˳˯ֱ񡭡
һһе֣ͬӰĻԺЩʡ
ڱϸƸĪƶǴƵ˰ᣡ
ƶ㣬֪ôܵѾаĵٱˣ
֮󣬾㣡ҾԲκ۸ģǰ㱣
㲻ϲôѹɣʱ߱Ԫ½Ҷ㣡
ƶ㡭㲻Ҫ˯˺òãӣĺܵģ
ȫ˻У૲ѣˮգܱĺ紵£ֺܿԵֱ
ѩУ쾲ڱױϣǱеƶŮٷǳ׵ʣѩƮ£γһޱȾĻ桭
ʱһһĹȥ콫Լʶƶʼֱ鶼˵һ飬ԵüΪˣƮɵѩҲΪжһ㣬ȴǳһĨŨŨļȡ
֪ȥãѩͣһվǱеƶĵƶ㣬˶Բԣ˵ĻԲԣ
ûڸղһ˲䣬֪쿴ˣģƶĽë˼£
ϸȥȴȻǰһ㡣
ղһзӦ֪ģ֪ҵƶһѹģ
ƶ㣬ۿҰܵܰ
ǣƾκƶûκθоǻһ˿ŵĺ¶Ҫ䵱ˡ
ƶ㣬ˣ۰ɣ
ˣͷӣʦȶ㶼һֱѹأ
ˣƶ㻹ǵÿǸ󺺣ѾͰ÷һأĽ˰
ƶ˵Ϊʲô÷ô׼˿أʱ밡Ǽһﵽʲôõģ˵˧϶ȲҰɣ
ٺ١˵ƶɲҪ밡ҺͿ񽣿ֵܣûʲôʵ˼ֻҪͰ÷ܹҸǾÿ
ȻһԹԵ˵ŻϧǴʱƶȻţû˿Ӧ

ƶ˵ʱ֣һˣȴһ
ΪƶѩɽԵʣѩɽѾ󷨽磬ɱ󣬻󻷻ۣûеõѩɽԲ롭
֣ǣȴΪûȰִɽ֮нάȡ
죬أ
ĶشҰ
Ϊ֣һֱǣСֵԵʣȴһ𣬶Ѳ֪٣ǺȻʧһȫûһף֣εܻǽ뵽һտĵشѩ
֣Σǿ϶ĳˣ
ȴ侲˵ȷأ֪ǾͲˣ
С˵ЩҲûã
֣οյ˵ңҵĻҲˣС㲻Ϊó󷨵ܲܿ⵽ô£
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ڸô죿֣εĵܾܲһֱվﲻɣ
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̾һ漴תԪ̽󷨣ҪҪ˽󷨵һУѰΪؼ
ɣʮӹȥˣջһ
һʱ䣬˶ԵüΪ޴롣
ݡ
ģһ׹ӹ֣شһСġӱ
ۡأ
ʱǰ׹ڵϣһϸСȴ׵ĿӶȻ֣֣κһ
ǵ׹ϣ¶Դ
ݡ
ţûκķӦܵİ׹ڵλϮȥһâϢ
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ɫ䣬ҲվԭأƾŸԵ㣬ǱϾֻʵѾ죬ȴҲȫ޷Щ׹ϣ
ৡ
ڲ϶ʱϺȻһЩѪӵʱѪ㲻Ⱦ˲٣ǵɫΪ԰ףȻԪĵٶԶԶǵ󡭡
ʱˣȴҲź֣Σһ״ÿһ˵϶׹УһѪѪ߲ѣ
ǣڵ˼㣡
ҺãЩ׹ֻһ֮ͣ˲ûʲôΣգ
֣磿㣿
ģһâ¾һ𣬶Ǿѡ
ʱˣȫû֮ǰɽʱϵѪȥ֮Ϊõ·¾ͻᱻ˵ǽֱؤˡ
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ãֻ⵽ʲôط쳯ȥղǶ֪ȥʲôطһǰһֱߣһֱߵЩ׹⿪ʼңҲŲòͣ£Ȼ󣬵Ȱ׹ʧҾֿ֣ˡ
ҲߣҷȦӣһҲ֮ɫѿ˵
Ȧӡ
⻰üһǣҺ֣ζû
ʲôû
־ȡ
һֱǰߣһֱȦӣһֱû
Ȼ¾һҲδ̫˰ɣ˵ӦһξŶԣ
һʱ䣬֪󷨵ˣԽѿ
ڸô죿յü˵

㿴ңģȴʲô˵
ǣ
ģվһָ֣κ˵ǣôôܱס
ƻԣ˵ʲô죡ʱȵ
˵𣿡
ƻԵӲܲ˵ĵǣôһʲô羰ߺߣҪ֣Ϊֺ
ƻԵĻ֣εɫĿҪγˮߵҲɫƣʵƻԣǱһĻôҲֱߵĻ
һʱ䣬֮ˣ֣κЩ񶾡
ãã֣οˣ
֣˵£ҵĴܹȥһ⳥ǣǣƻұ죡ҪǸ˵һ䣬Ųھɱ㣿


373 
֣εƻȴԽô˵ˣ֣ΣҪΪ֣ҵ˾Ϳô
ˣǾռ䣬ǾԲѧԱ֮ɱ¾ģɱңұ֤ҲˣŲţ
λҲ룬֣ξȻҪɱңҪҲ˵ĻҲÿˣ
ƻԼ˵ţԵЩ
֮ԣڴʱ¶
ž
ģû֣˵ʲôһ˳ȥ
ƻԣұ죡
ʱȴǸ˵ƻԣλʵڲ˼Ƿģˣһ뾡취뿪
취˵ɣ
ƻЦƾ㣿ˣǾռ䣡˵ˣҪҪƫţںˣ˵취ߣأ
ƻԵĻΡ
ƻԣ
֣ȴɫѣʲô¾ͳСʲô
֣Σǽ֣磬Ϊľͺ˲𣿡
ƻµǴҶ΢ǿһЩĴ֪˭Ӯأ
ǺãҪԣ
֣˫΢УɱȻ
ˣˣ
֣ε䣬ƻ˵ƻԣ˵Ҳ˵ˣԼߵĻǾǣˣҺ֣ΣܹѧԺô
û˵
ѧԺԺ˵ʱǰаƻһѣпܻᱻ̭
ǵڣ
ƻɫһ䣬Ӳ˵ˣǴҲ־أһһ룡
ãǾͲ˵ˣǳȥ֮˵ͷ
ƾʲô˵ˣҡ
ƻԻ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻΧٴμϮ֮ǰֺ˰׹⣬ٶȼգۼ˷׷ɫ䣬æʩչ˸ܣƻǽĻҲ˶˻ȥ
ݡ
ৡ
׹⹥ٶȺƵʣǱ֮֮ǰ͸죬һʱ䣬˵ϱٴζһЩѪڣʹĸоƻԽ֣ڶʱ򻹲ϵˣӼֱִ˼㣬˶ƻԼΪ
ȻƻԵȷ֣ܵεֲĻ˭ǿƣңڵɽ֮ǰûƻ˵ڼȰ裬һһԵĽζƵϣԼʥƵģ
˺۲ӣѪϢԽŨƻһͣ˵κηֻȫעĲ϶ˣϵ˺ѪҲԽԽ࣡
˶ףһԪĴ֮ǰҲ߳󷨵ķǽվֻڴˣ
ǲ֪ǣԶԶֹЩ֮ǰɽʱ־󷨵ǿͱһ߾ʬˡ
Щˣ̫ˣ
ѩɽۣ֮εҡҡͷ漴ĬĬ־󷨵ת
ڣ
󷨺Ȥʮץס󷨱仯һ˲غȵһߣ죡
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Ļ˽ڲԪȫٳȥ
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˲Сʱʱ䣬ֻǰһ䣬ȴֱӻصѩɽ£ԱǿСֹɽʯȻȴ֣Ǽ˶ȻЩ졭
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374 С
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һ˵ȥȴԥ֣磬ƻһô죿

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ƲƲ죬ԹԵ˻ȥ˹Цѡ


375 ˣλС
תۣһܹȥ
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ΪɸĶȴЩЦá
Ȼֻһãȴʮִ󵨵ʱʱʾԶļɺεǣȻȥ϶䣬ıʾ˵ףȴʼնڹܿ
ᵽⷽĻ⣬ԵüΪĬ
ңĺܺãټ֮ɰ飬˵ϲȫ䵱ÿ
˿УҲ˽⵽Բݱңʵʵ֮ǵּҺͶżһǿһЩҵүʮǰѾԪǿˡ
ΪʲôԶһ飬ǾͲö֪ˣϾⷽ˭Ҳ˵

ʦǻˣ
յˮɽϣոմӾռϵĪˮڽڶԴԼŮһ㡣ڱϰ÷ϵźţҲԱߣ쵽̳캩ЦЦ
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376 ɰ
۰ǺԵģСһ𣬿˵ǵĹϵ֮Ůã磬עиŮ֮Եڤڤ֮кһһ
緹֮󣬺ĪˮԪİλ˵һǱȥ˺ɽ
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֮ǰʦĪˮĽ̸У˽⵽귽滹ûȫָ֮˸˯ҲΪʲôӲݵȻԹ˯ԭˡ
챧ߵУСķڴϣСѾͷСţֻܾ֮ôڴϣСѾͷſô˯š

ڴϣǴƵϸСѾͷ·иоƵҰҰ죬Ӽֱɰ˼㡣
һʱСѾͷ˯йȥһӶСģΨ־ŵСѾͷ˯ߡ
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֯һԣ˵ְǱ߿裬ѽС͵㣬ҲŶ֪ƭ˵ģŰѰְֽѹȻ͸оԼһӽ˰ְֵ棬Ȼû
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Ժ飬׼Ǵô嶯ǰְֵĸαأҪʲô飬軹ĵң

СѾͷĲѣ۰һٴ굽컳й˹ԴСһЦá
ֿðְְ㿴壡콫СѾͷɫ
Ŷ
ԹԵͷԪߣ̽һ
ˣҲû£Ǿ仰ԺҲ׼ˣ֪𣿡
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룡
һĪˮ⻰һǰĵʦ˵ţ


377 ԭȶ
ǼӣĪˮЦôʣһΪʱһƶĹأ
ⲻһֱڵʦô
ڨЦ˵ƶ֮⣬һڵ״
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Īˮɫ˵ϾĵطһΪԻָ
ףһѾͷ
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𼱣Īˮ˵ʦȻа취ҲǺ˵ȶȥֶôʦԸģò˼죬ȶ
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Σղеģ
ԪİЦŵǶҷɽǱߣȶʵӦÿȡ
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Ԫİ˵ֶ첻һ
ѩǱ󸣬ͨһ㣬ܹอһϹʱڶΪ
龧Ȼ֮ѩǱԲһЩȴҲΪټһ⾧ʯıԽᾧָ׸ǴСһԱԲʮ׵ķΧĳЩԹ˵쳣
ȫмУʶˣ¶֪ǵĴڣ
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ԪİЦҡҡͷȴɫԪİ鹧񣬳Ͽҵĵлʦô壡Ҳƶٴζл
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ţ
ĬĬصͷȻԪİô˵ˣеָмȴԽԽŨŽʦκҪƴҲҪɡ

תۣչȥȶڻˣҳɹĴѩǱ龧
죬飬ĪˮԼԪİټȶˣû˿ǰռѩɽۣ֮ƶɵıǰ档
ƶĺƯ
μƶԪİ鶼ͷ̾
ǺǣƶȶѾͷƯԺ֪˭ǸĪˮҲЦ

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ԪİĻּȶȻ˵㼤ỨһĻ˵ˣ
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ڣѾ˹ؼʱ
Ԫİһ־ԽԽ죬龧ɫϵƶ໥ںϣԭѾָһЩļ˿̸Գ֮С
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켤ѣһѾȵ̫̫ã鲻Խӵһһ˫û˫˵㾧Ө


378 ƶѣŮƶ
ʦãζлˣĻ֪ƶ㵽ʲôʱѹأ
˺ˣСӣʦʦ˵СӲôˣôʦǰ˶Īǣǽʦõ𣿡
ԪİûĵСӣҿɾͲ˰
ٺ١
ڨڨЦͷĪˮЦѡ
Ȼʦô˵ˣҲͲ˵ʲôллˣʦģȻ֪ʦʵǿ󣬵Ҫõҵĵطʦ÷Ըǣɫ
ˣ֪ľˣ
ԪİЦŰڰ֣漴Ǵһ죬ǡ
ţ
Ҳǣ
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ĪˮİƶˣǾͽú
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ʱҲЩţȻõԪİĿ϶ȷϣûƶǾʼ޷ġ
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ĬĬͷץס裬Ŵӽ˶ϴ¶ȣĲڴʱƽһЩ
ְְ֣֡
ʱ䲻ϵţȻ˹Ѿͷǣֵܵߣֱʵְ֣ƹùûûѰ
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ʾѾͷߣ˵䣬ȥɣƹùˣٽǹòã
Ŷְֵģ
ԹԵĵͷ糯ȥ
ռڣǺϤҶ˵ûʲôȥĵطǲ쵣ġ
磬Ҳκ顣

תۣʱȥЩɫѾȫ뵽ƶڣڱں֮İʱֻñдһ̣漴ƶǳĽëᶶ˿
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ƶü΢ԼڵıףҲôôᡭ
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ʣûжܹȵģ飬ȶ
˭˵ˣ
ȶû˵˯һɵˣҸ㣬ٲĻҶԲٹˣߺߡ
ˣȶ㣡ƶͺ
Цõ˵漴ؽƶӱû˵ʲôƶȻܵܣ˺öأôúܲһأ
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ȶ˵һ˯ǲ꣬Ϊһ䰡
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ƶԣʱסˣô᣿
ˣƶ㣬ȳ˵ɣ㲻ãڹײЩʺôЦ
ײġ
ƶʱЦܵܣĳأɣҷ
ȶ㣬æ
кһԸȶһͬƶӱв˳ǲŻָתƶ״ʮã֮˸һЩ
ˣܵܣλǡƶע⵽Ĵڣɻʵ
飬ҵŮˣֱӻص
ƶ㣡
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ƶ´һ飬ﲻЩ΢֪ΪΣƶĿУϱһеš
߰ɣȥ˵
һ£ȶ໥Ž෢һжȫ˳ʵ֮ʱƶЦˣģͬŮƵģֲڼѧԺлŮƶħŮȶĴˡ
ŮȾ˿ϢİԶ۶桭
ַƶϣʲˣ
û뵽ȻһӾ͹ȥ֮ã
ƶп̾һܵܣȶˣ
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ȶֱĻһ䣬Ȼڳֹ֣ȴ˿
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ȶ̬ȣƶûκν⣬ǽãô֪ܲԷ룬ȶˣΪֻƶ̫ˡ
ƹùãƹùá
ʱõ֪ͨɿԶ˹鳲һֱͶƶĻŹѾͷȴӵվϣŮƶһʱ֮Щ֪롣

ƶһ漴ЦѾͷⶼˣûô󰡣ǲְûԵģ
Ųأְֶɺˣ
ƲƲ죬漴ƹùأƹùãѹŶ
ǰˣ
ƶףҲЩп·ĳЩһ
ƶɻĿ磬쵱Ц磬ƹùãŶˣȹùã
ƹùãȹùãڲż˶ԵЩ衣
ŮŮƶЦŵͷųʵ
ţһҵĹŮٺ٣
ͷŮˣȴûϵĳɼҡ
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ѣһСþ͸˵ƻһɬ֡
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ƶЦѣȶĵˣƶҲˣ˷˵ģǸûȥˣ
ԣԣҵȥݼˣƶæ
Ǻã߰ɣ
Ҳͷֱ磬ȥƶһ˲ϵʱʱĳһۣЦãȴֲȥ͵ԿľԼ
ȶûĸڱϣʱʱƶһ죬ǾԽ顣
ܿ죬˾ռһ˱صˮɽϡ
ƶ㣡
ڼƶĵһۣ÷ֱӴ˹ֵӵ
ʱĪˮԪİҲЦŴӷ߳ƶʱ첽߹ȥͨһֱӹĪˮǰƶ÷˵ˣ˽


379 ˾Ϣ
ƶתָһޱ˷ܵ飬ھѧԺ϶һˮɽ
ԺүӣټϹϺѦϣƶӹػ·ȫŮһĶԴƶüθжĶᡭ
ĹϵУƶҲ飬ǼŮϵ
ƶּΪŮˣ·κ鶼ܽŭܹв֪ƶ׽֮⣬ټ֮ȼŮҲ׷ױʾǸԵ⣬һ֮ĹϵûüʱͬƵģЩʱ򻹻Ըء
Դˣʾȴûǡ
⣬⼸ʱУҲһ𾭳Եȥƶദƶû裬׽
֮ܶһ仰ΪƶĻָתˮɽʱԵޱܰÿ˵һֱżΪŨЦݡ
˵Ŀ⿪ģ

һܺĳգȴǺȻ뿪ˮɽȥѧԺС
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˵޹ԽԴҲ˸ŴĸĹԡ
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ǺǣһΪҵĳɫ²ʧأ˾һķŵأЦ˵
ϻΪеЦƭùң
ûĶһۣ˵ɣʲô
ĲǺܹ̽׼ȷϢǴǻűͻȥģȫദˣ»֮ǣ˾˵
Ҳµĵȷÿ龧˲ܵˣҵĹ޷ܣֻǣⶼȥôˣѵһ㶼ûָ˵
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˾ЦԵ֪ҴǱ˲Ƶһ̵ĵطȻ˾ռɳȥҵģʱԹȥȫƾһָлָٶܿˣ
ҵ˴̽˺أټϵһЩʱ䣬мֳƣҲһܹǿ΢һЩˣ
ȴû˿֮⣬ʳָô棬˵лѹˣǼʲôµģ
Ҹ׵Ȼŭȴֻܲ鵽ʹٺǱ߱ȫϵˣǴѹԲܲ鵽ϵģ
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ףɨһڷͦŴӻⲽ޹ֵˣôˣܲŻȥɣ
۹棬һӾͿҵԥ
˾Ҳ̾Բѣ֮ǣ˵ȴʧΪһᣡǰң»ԥĻȥ޹ڵĺӣĲ֪ôźˣ
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Ȼ޹ͺˣ˾ԥ˵
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Ϊ޹ĸӣҾԲһֱ
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磬ǡ׼ô죿˾Զʱһϲʵ
˾϶ǼȦȦıߣʲô
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⻰˾ڨڨһЦ磬ϰˣϰˡʵҡ
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ݺ޹ڵһЩϣɫҲΪҺͺоʧ䣬֪һжΪã
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380 ҵĴܻع飡
մ˾޹Ժ뿪ȴֽӵԷܵĴţò׼ȥˮɽ뷨ֱͳɫƽ뵽ռڡ
磬Ҫؼң
죬ܺż˵
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״ʵǲǼˣ
ţܵͷҵҲֻеȻȥ֪ˣ϶С飬Բ֪ͨҾϻȥ
Ǻãȥɣ
쵹ҲûͷҪæĻʹŸң
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ţȥɣ
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һУ˵綼˽֪ζȥĻһ˳·ضżҵģѾ˾ͬ⣬ҲҪȥŸϸ죬ܹöĳϿȴٺҲ¶ˡ

ڣ츴λϣԱŵӣҲǷܵĸףأ
һ֪Ůӣóھܹ֮֮ҵ˿ٵ󲿷ֹͶҪϡ
ڷ츴ص֣λߣҴϷԼϷ
ձ˵뷽Ƿ츴屲ΪǶԷҵģһֱ츴ңû
ˣɫȴص˼㣬ԭֻһԴ𷽼ҵܵ˸ĴΪֻҵϵĲģʱһǶˣԷǷҶƺ˰٣ҲҪ÷һǧ
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һֻֿˣ
һǳңֻǰеĵ̫ã޷׷顣
ڶҵĲ״ֻװҿģֻΪʵ̫޷׷飡
һ㣬ڷҵĴʮּѣ
ǲȥ֪ͨһϼУȻ˵
У
ȷ츴ڣϷʱҡͷϼڱչУóȻţʲôؽ룡ңܾƺûǿô򵥣
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˵ʾ߳
۾һһûбҰ

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ƲƲ죬ʮֵĴüı㣬ǱƲѣԸôȥ
Ǻǡ
ӣ츴Լ˶һЦЦдһ˿Ĺ졣
ļʱУϳб㴫ԡ
ȣҼڻؼҵ;ϮһȫɣҲ˻Բѣ±ʱϵķ֮˾˻ȥȴ޶ʱտɻ
ڶǴϷĳһҹ붨еķϮɱȥһ첲ھ˴󲿷֣Ҳ˶١
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Ϊ˵̫ýʱ䷽ڸ涼ٴܵ˼ˣʹеķԽԽˣ˲²⣬ֲʮ᳹׿
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ܰԳţҺãҲûкһ𣬷ҲᱻˣֲãԴҽϳǷԲʮ֮Ҿʼվڼң
˼㣿ã
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ǣϣ
ʱ˰շķԸȥ죬Һܿһ䱸״̬
еķܣæϣ׷ʲôҸǡ


381 ҹɱݵɱ
żֵķܣȴһ£ҡͷСܣģûµģ
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ԣʱ洫˵Ҹĸ׶ˣ϶˷ˣ⻹û£
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ŷܳȥŪ˷ǽϵһأԭһǽڴһţ
΢΢һ㶣֪ⷿоֻأδ˵ű㳯ȥεС£Ӻȴϣվֱ˷ҵĺԺڡ
ףĸףϣǡ
츴ԼɫȻԺУܼææ߹ȥɫֲ⡣
Сܣôˣ
˿ܣȴǱһΪ⡣
²̫
˵ղС˵Ǽ֪ͨģǲûǰȥ
Сܶǰ֮ˣ
츴˫һĨ˵ǵĵ˿²򵥰
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ڳν֮Ҳȫ˶Էܵӣ˵ڰкƻȲײţֽЩʱʱײҹԵǰ̶
һʱ䣬˾Щƽɫľ棬˭ʤ˭˵
Сʲôʱôǿˣ
·츴˵ɴ˫ۣȫš
ĪǣֶĹͣ
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ӳˣǸĸһ£
ˣˣǰķˣ


389 𾪣ʵ
ڷܴսµʱ򣬲ݶǵָڣȴͬһƬӼҵĻս
ּż磬ط˶սţϵش֮϶Ըˣ洦Կֲ֫ϱۣѪֱҵ˼㡣
𣬶λȴվڱһУȻҲɣһıߵΣǱҪ֧ԮԼߵʧ͡
ʱĶŴϣ־óԼԨϣֱӭԼĶ֡
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ʮԪطһ֣ȻʵҲһֻϧϺͶλԪǿ߶ϣ֮ǰ໥ϱϺüΣĶϾ;ɱǵĻǻļʶȻСĿ
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Ԫǰڵʵȫ֣Ȼͬ죡
ٶ֮죬Զ磬գۼֻһҺǾһԪ֮ˣڼûʲô֮±ֱһȭ˼򣬽ϵƲˣŲһĺȻϮʹ֮¸ɥʧ˷Ӧٶȣϵȭͷޱȿ񱩵Ȼֱӳڴ˵ĵﲿλ
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˱ʶˣԪǿȫɵľ޴Ч
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һĻֱֻ֮У
ܹս˶ס˺ռԵøأ


390 ս֮䣡
ݡ
ŴŴš
ĽϮܿռ䶼ڴʱѣǳ޷Զӿӳĵһ㣬·ζʱߴ˲١
ϣϣ˴ʱɫأ
ǸղűͼҪֹģȴû뵽һ˲ܵĽγһ֣ǽǵĹȫȻܹٵĽڳȴ㲻ʲô˵ȥʲô˺ˡ
ȻԪڣ
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ԣʱɫһĵԨ̰֮ˣߣˣѵǳҾܷŹ𣿡
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⻰ȴûкǰԣɫ˲١
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ͬʱڷҵͥԺУһ˺ѷεĲҺ۱նϣѪӿʱԪ˼£ʱһͻѪˡ
Ϊ¶ֵķҲܣ
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391 Ԫǿߣ
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ͬľ֣æתԪ̽һ¼ʱԭѾָһЩɫٴαò԰ףģ˵ģҾĪĶأ޷

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츴ʱӦ˷ǰ˫־ۼȻ

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Զʱɫ䣬ɷȴһĵԥǺһ£ֻ·һ˶ӡ
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ܻ˵ţ¶һߣ˫ٿȻһ־ȳ


392 Уŭ
ŷܵһȣôܺȻŵɫÿһ϶ӳ֩Ĵڣգۼ㽫ǰֻ뷽ڵʮ׷ԲΧȫ֣˶˫ۡ
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ڷ츴˵ʱ򣬱ھеȴǷƵĲϳܹţɳһЩռ֮⣬ȴûκθеЧо뵽һƬռƵģ

ܿ󷨣ȴɫѿ˼㣡
֮ǰ֮Ի᲼ȻΪ˵ɰ룬ûԪʵʵټ֮ǷĹþȫûдﵽ֮ǰԤЧ
Ԫ֮Ԫ֪ǿ˶ٱ
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츴ǰؽԪǱ԰׵ɫʱתһЩӡٶҲ˲٣ǰõ˲С
ĺȴչֳȫͬԴԪ
󷨵һת䣬еԽŭιȴֻܿռ䷢ʼ޷Ľƿ
ʱһһĹȥţ츴ԪҲĴɫҲ֮ʼס

Ϸ״ʱǰܿȡ˷츴λãڷ츴ԼϽȥԱߴָ
ڷ֮󣬱أصǶϷ
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ܹڿʱָԪĵٶԶԶȲָٶȣһֻҪʱһ˱ضԪľһ̣Ǹʱһؽ롣
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ΣܹҪԣܲƥô׵󣡡
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403 ۣʥϧ
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ȻһɲǣһϵȻʥߴݹ٣Ϸӭ٣ʥ߶£


404 ĸף
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˵ʮǰѾҲǸʱȡλΪҼģֻû뵽ȻţѾʥǿߣѦϳ
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תۣһʱȥ
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ԳԶֶҵжνǻͷβĽˡ
˵ǻͷβʵҲЩ׼ȷ
ϾһĵΣǽʵչţıͷȮĳ֣ټӲѦ˱ĺʵеĵλ߲ٵΡ
˵֮Ҳ˵
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ϧЦʱٵĵСԴϧȴһת㣡ܣ

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ףǡ˺һϧ֮Ŀ졣
ʱȻ˫ۣΧϢתϢԿĻ¶ԲĴڣ˺һ״̬ȴ˶ò̾Ĺʡ
˭֪أ翴ʦ˵սܿˣƲƲص
Уȱ˵ˣɲܴϧ΢Ц
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ܣһ֮˵Ϊ⡣

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406 壡ˣ
һ˻صּңٻھͬ󣬱㽫ʾͶҰ£ۣ˵ǹٸһЩ飡ԴˣЩͶ֮˷׷׵ͷͬ⣬ʵǾ㲻ͬûãаٶˣĸκβľٶܳܵ˵ġ
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᲻ģ˵ڵĵطǼأԼģϧüЦĵ
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˵һͷһͬ⼱ȥ
Ҳȥ
Ѻ̸ȥϧ¶һĨЦ⣬ȻѾϽö⡣


407 𾪵
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⵽ô£
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컹ѺҲµģ˵ʲôϣҲֻܰһϡ
УѵȺŵء
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ѦȻûԼȴӹϿѾ˽⵽˹ԼǡѪ󷨡Ļɣ˽ϼһҵµ֮ء

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Ȼֻʬȥõλʥ֮һİ½̵Ҳһ£
֮ܶһ仰ͨӶὫ֮Ԫ½˶ȫЩӶרΪһѰĶ飬㼯֮ѻ
һʱ䣬Ԫ½ӿֻҪڣôͱضӲͬ޵


408 ޹ˣ
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ڵڶϣ˱츴˸ȥ

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һ漴˫΢е˵飬սܵʲôԸӦõ˰ɣ
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ǰְֵĴ˰ɣԺ󰡣ְҲ˵ҵıŮˣЦ
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ЦõıѾͷ˵һˣϽȥϴһ£ȻǳԷŶˣȥǵĽλ̣֪ô
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˵أȻǸսܵ鿩ûĵ
ô죿
˫һâŮɲ˭۸۸ģ


409 ˫ռңŵź
ҹܾһľȥ˯ˣѾͷҲ֪ôͳ֮⣬˯ò˵СѾͷȷܿɰɰ˸Ըȥһ䡣
ƽһʢȼţΧΧһȦˡ
죬飬񽣣÷⣬ȻɣܿȻһ壬ƽƽԼ׷ʮһˣ˵ֵĳ֮⣬Ѿȫˡ
үССɲôˣ
һ߿żȣһ߹žĵүĻǾðȥǻ
Ķ죡ү뷨õ죿
һɣÿʱӣһ첻µزµģԼš
ܰ÷ֻҪһۣ̾ǹԺһ˿һݸ
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ЦЦ쵭ĵǶȥǸռҵô£սܾȻھռ٣ͼ粻죬¾Բôˣ
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ʱһԥſڵǸսܵĻӦ֪һЩ
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һӱô˹עһ˼ɫҺռҶһΪ˫ϣвԪݣϷݽļ֮һóΪռģ˫ϵĸиҵǵӰôԸǲ֪ռôսǼѧԺ
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Ҳ˵˫ϣռҼѹң
һüͷ˵ռƺԪݵĳЩԨԴÿ궼дǮƴռԪݣԪǱҲ˱ռҵʵ²Сڵּң
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ȷǺ֣ĪǣռԪĳĸѡ
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ľֻһˣսռҶ٣ս֮һ磬ΪֻҼôһֱѧϰÿֻȥռһΣ
˵ЩһûٶˣֻƾŵЩռҸȤˡ

պӰһ˫ֱǰսɡ
սߵģȴһʮˣΪİٿԿ϶˵Լδ
Ϊź꣬ǰʱѧԺеĵʦôսǡ
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ѧԺʦź꣡ǼϽ˺ѧԱֳһὫͨѧԺź󣬱̺ŵĳ˺ȵ
ʵǵʦƽȼѧԱҲ㲻ʲôһҲʲôطȻţ
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Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
źԣʱɫཻŭãҸ㣬ŮѧԱսܵ˫ۣʶȤ㽫˽һҽϱѧԺһ˵ȶؽԲ˶ߣ
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ȴǺںЦһ£漴Ŀ⳯źߵսȥĵսܣ
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Сӣ湻˾ȻȥϢｻְ־ͺãˣ̶׼˺ܶóԵģȥɣཱུ˵
óԵģ̫ۡÿ㣬ߣҶأ
ɷ˵㳯ȥ
ߣ
սܼ״̳ȵ
ɣ
ͬʱźһֱӳˡ

״˫һУԥĻֶ
أ
ɲǣźԭǰʱȥȴ˶ûһ
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źûвΪܹ֮ˣȫΪ͵ϮԵʡ
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͵ϮղŶСŮ֣ѵͲ͵Ϯô
Цźֺ꣬ڰףҲΪѧԺĵʦ
Сӣ󵨣
ӣźʱ˫Ŀŭ㾹ȻҶԵʦ˵ǲǻòͷˣ

˵ʲôֱӴȵŲһ֣һ
ǣȻţҿһǻĲͷˣ
ʦôᲢۣ£
ʲôǷǲֺڰײҪɴҸضֱϵˣ
ȣɵ˽˳һĽڣʾǶźսܵĲмûŭ졭
ʱ鴩һΧȹ˳ĶսܵսܣҪ۸ҵıŮ


410 ֣ٻ
ò˵ʱּͥĸоȻʮּ򵥣ȴӺݻ֮УԸԴӸѾ˺ܶ࣬Ѿ̲סֱɱսһˡ
Ҿսܣ
ս̰ܺһ飬ֱֱ޲һ̱㽫ѹ£

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Ҵңˣ
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սƺûеɱһ㣬׼ʱһȴǰˣһץסսܵ죬Ѹٵ˳ȥ
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źڱɫ䣬æǰȵǾȻΥѧԺĹأ𣿡
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ʱǱˤڵϵսܷ񺿽ţǲ֪ĶֱӳǱ߳˹ȥǲ½ϵкȻһѾΧĶϱ֮ʹ

˫ĿһҪ֡
ȴСһ콫磬Ҫף˵µĺ
ðɣ
ʼ磬սܲǳǰڰˣǱ۾ҲԾɵɱ
ȻһЦ漴սзһĨâ磬оһĶҩûţЧ
ŶôĿӦ
ɩӣҲſأɵҲ׷׳ͣöźɫ
ѧԺȻƾԪǰڵʵ˵ʦɶѧԺ˻̫˽⣬߿˵ѾϰŵûнѧԺ֮˷У˵ǰһЩѧԱҪ᲻ˡ
Ҵ˶ǴһֻȡñĲͬղųɹôһ֣ΪȡΪٻ
һֻܣÿһֶûκζأ໥ںȴصĶأڶûнҩƳ
սֽܳԽԽ¶һĨм漴˸ǰ𪽿۵Сֿһӣʱ֮һЩķ۳ͬһսϣȫ޿ɶ㡭
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ʱ鵭ĿڵҵİٻȻȫɹҲֵܹģѧԱʦķݶϣɣ㣡
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οսһ䣬ź̧ͷ㽻ҩ
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һڶ״̬ԲĻֲôþͻԾˣʱɲܽͷϣһжҵģ鵭ػص
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ϱѧԺź갡ź꣬㲻Ǻŵ˵Ҫսܱôôήˣ
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ߣ
ĻźֱӺһսܼҴҵ뿪ˣ
ʱôſ뿪֮ȴͬɥ֮ȮƵģ˼˫۾ȫǲм볰

ϣϣô
뿪֮źս˹ϵסϵشš
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ûֶ޷ֻܰһʹ࣡
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ѾͷȻԵ޹ʵĳ֣˵ô£ϳȵ
ϣġ
ź꽫˵һ飬ȻЩطȫŤ˵ģ˼ֱ˵޶ĶħŮ˵ΥѧԺسˣϣϳ潫ЩѧԺ
ˣ
ȴûźеַŭĵƾǵԴʣҲ޷׼ȷжϷȥǱʸϣûƭңӦ֪


411 ռҵˣҽ죡
СӣѾͷ˼ҳ
ϹˣɫΪ
үӣզ˭ˣӶˣ
ߵߣϷʲѣôˣ
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Ҳ֮үҲ֪ҵƢǸսܵļһȻͷҸĴָ˵Ůˣ˵ܲأ
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üͷ壬ʼ磬㲻žˣģҲɱˣҪɱҲ棡Щ꣬ɱ̫ˣȻǲǸ˶ͷߣ浱۸
Сӣ㣡ﲻ캣󣡡ϱĻһæǳ
ĴɱĻ»ûжֹܹ
Ȳ˵ʦϹԶʦĪˮˣԼƿص캣Ԫ½һκˣ
ߣ˰ʥԪİ飬ʥϧ缺һ췢룬λʥ߻ԥĳ
ʣԪ½ĸ߼ܹʥߵŭ
⻹֮ǰʵ˵үӣټЩµһһȫԪ½Ϊ֮츲ˣ
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Сû˵ɣѧԺô˵үĦһ°ͣЦҿСӾǹҪŪǰɣ
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ʲôСһﾹȻ֪ͨϾ
ԣҲûڽ֣Ϊľ뿴ռҵж˲𣡡һʼĵүӣȲҪ˵ʲôҪ͸ɴټˣ
Сӣ˼治٣
ϵ۵ҲգһΣҼסˣҪ̫֣˼ҿĲ㣡
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սеĶʶûһ䣬Ҫս֮ѡһ˼һԥѡ죡
һ㣬Ѿ㹻ˣ

պռļѧԺУʮ˼ٶΪ׵һ޷ЩףȴսмƣΪǫռҼսܵĸף
Ȼдһǫ֣ǫȴһ㶼ǫ飬˵һĵ֮
ǫߵʮˣԪϵĸ֣лԪ
Ϊ˸ԼӱǫֱǴʲôˣ
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ﲻǼѧԺô֪Ҷսںδǫʵ
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˾֪ŪͷŭʢǫֺסҪŭ£һʵʲô֪Ī㲻ǼѧԺѧԱ
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һֱߵĻǿԲ
˾Ļһ䣬תҪȥԺӡ
Сӣ
Ԫ֮˵ŭһμ˸ȭͷĳ˾󱳺ȥ
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˾סʱ䣬Ϊĺܿ죬ȴҲֻԪǰڰˡ
ΪԵʣԪǰڵʵȴԪȣսʤ֮
о˵͵Ϯ˾ԥתһȭŽɫâ˵ȭͷݺײһ
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Сӣе㱾£ҼסˣʵشǼ⣬򲻽ɱ㣡
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޹˾һ£Ժ׼嶯ˣҿɲҶûаְ֣
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ܿ죬СҲھǰ죬ôغŴڴ£ҲķʱŨŨҸϢ
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ɨһˣ쵭ĵҽһ£ҽ죡ҪȥռĻҿ԰ǣ


412 ףǣ
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۽ɨһĻȴǲ¶ۼƲƲ졭
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ʮռ̷֮ɢԺܣⲢ̫Ժȫǵ߷Χ֮УǵӣȻǾһЩѵҲضǫĸˣ
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棬ȥܿߣֱӵʵ
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ҪԸǣںڤͿԣ
ʼ磬ЦЩռҵ˻㲻øһֵĻᣬңһռгҲһߣռԪĳйأŪף
˵˶٣аЦżֻҪ˾ռ䣬ǻô϶һϷأٺ١
㰡
Цã漴ȴܿ۾Źĵ磬ȻҲȥ֣þöûֶЩأ
ĶҪҪүҰС椣аЦһ磬Ϸʡ

ϰԵĻһ䣬漴ע⵽ɫʱеһ㺬壬һ죬ֺݺݵһ£ˣ˵ʲôأˣ

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ЩռҵˣǫԪ⣬ĶԪÿΪǵֶڣõĻʲôΣա
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СܣôˣǫսܵĶһЩԾ
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ʱʮռ֮Ҳ׷˹ɫΪƵĶǣ
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ٴʼ磬ûҵĻռΪĿô˳
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ЦռΪɱҵı£˵ΪǼѧԺǳصĲɣ
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ռɱҶˣ˼ɣͶǶ˰ɣǫ㲻װˣ죬˭Ҳ߲ˣһ˫΢еĳ
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飬ԵƬ̣ȥʣԪǰڵ˽ٻ
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Цһ漴ǧýĽâʱռгǫ֮Ԫǰڼٶȥ
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ʱûжֵҲֻ飬ѣ÷Ůˣ÷ضſ񽣣Ͼǽˣ


413 ŮģɱУ
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Ϊ磬ΪΪ㣬ΪȻ诡ߣΪһƽһΪɡ룬Ϊܿ
ŹХѾȫϤǱ۾Ҳת˲ɡ
ɱ
ܿλһУת
ʱԭΪǶֵľŸռ֮ȴǸо˼ǿѹ·𲻹ܴʲôطʲôʱȥԾ˵Ϲ־Ҳûκΰ취
ǾЩš
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˵ʵѾԪǰڣԴӰʦʥϧŷ̾ʵͻͽˣռҾ˳׷ָŭ֮࣬벻ʲôԽƽķ
һߣ׷磬ƽԼ˸ǳѸ˵ĶֹĽˣϾԷʵҲһʱ֮仹ûнɱĿܡ
ǴռǱѾ·磬ʵ͵ĶԪɱ˭ǿҪ󣬹ſ¹϶Գˣ
֮ǰսźûƭͷϣ˵ҪһζĻᣬ˼ôͬռЩ˽ѾĲҲ̶ˡ
ʱǫֱĵƵ˼㣡
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䣬ſ񽣺һç˼ȴ٣ܶʱץסǡĳʱǫֻҪһСģֱؽͣʹÿ񽣷ռһз塭
⣬쵥һԪǰڣüΪƮݵλټϱʵǿȫѹ˴򣬶̶̲ʮʱ䣬ϱ˺üѪڣǷŭͬʱȴûʲô취
ѽ㡭
ȷ첢κΣպĽһѡ

΢΢һôˣ
㶼ϲģ𣿡鿴ʵ

Խһæ飬ôô˵ǲǶʲô᣿
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˵ܹˣĪҡԴʶమֻҪһΣն֪粢ںЩҲΪ׸һֱŬŬ
ѧΪ׼һЩرĵҩѧᶾԴһУҲֻԼּҵʵԶұ̲ټֱλʥ֮ͽضɾͲ
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зŨŨİ⣬˿˿ã
ԣҿѽ㣬ϲ磬һĻǾһЩɣֻϣܹܹң޷Ҳν
ѽ㣬˵˼𣿡
Щѱ鼫Ϊӡ
ôܲף
һżصŮˣΪĽʾ
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˵ҫʲôֻҪ㣬Ҳ޷ȡеĵλ
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һЦŮһݸ໥κθĤûٶ˵ʲôļǰսȥȴ֪ǣ˿жһԵľ壡
ʱǻսУʱһһĹȥǱŹХԵռҾˣѾ˼Σյľأ
󷨵ļתУ϶ദˣصѾѪ˶״ֱҲ̶á
ָܿ£ŹХתȴû˿ֹͣ˼ͬһչŹǾ˾Ҫûܣʼջ˵Ĺ
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ǣϲ޺ҩ
ֻϣԼǫǱܹն˵Դ뿪
սܶԣźɫ粻ǾŹХĹȥҲֻΨһ;
ϾźֻԪڵʵ
Щʲôˣ
ź뵽Լ֮ǰЩǰţɵЩ죬ﰵѡ
ȻʵǸﲻֳǵԼȥײһͷѪ˵ĺǰδеĲţ
źһǴԼԭģòϣ˿ڰ޵ͬʱҲһ˿壡


414 ֻʣǫһ
ǫ˴ΣֻʮˣھŹХѾо˱񽣽ֵǫŭ죬һ˫Ӻ񶼱Ѫɫһ
һߣѹŴԪǰ֮ҲĻңֳǿʵټϾ˵ıɱȫû취רսֿ־壬ֶľ£ͬħһΧǡ
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ɢŹХľˣڻص㵱Ц
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һ߶Ըˣһ߻пŤͷ˵

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ЦʲôЦбȥʱ˵ۺ
˻һ৵һ˶
ĳȻĿֱҲ̶ãǵǸԳͻ֮ʱǼʱ䣬ÿհĶֱʹƫƫϻҩԡƻָŵڶֽŰᣡ
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ǰ
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ô˵˿Ѿɹնɱ˸ԵĵˣҲԼĳɹ
ʱڳϾֻʣ񽣶ǫԼڱ첻ϼѹŵռԪǰ֮ˣ
ԭʮǰȴڲʱʧʮ֮࣬һԹսŵսܺźˣֱԼһС
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ŴŴš
ܿռ䲻ϲ·Ŀռһ㣡
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ʱֻһ촫űԪǰ֮˵ĲʹҲϵ
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죡
üͷһ壬ʱһźӶʱɶɳ߰Զ޷ֱ֮ӻʡ
ţǫޱĵռν¿һɶһ䣬


415 ǫԱľ
Ǳ仰ĳ֣ǫɫ粻ټ֮սϣĿ⣬ĵ׸Ϊԥ
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һֵʱüͷ塣

ʱǫŭӿҲۿɼٶȼţһ㡣
˶Щסˡ
ǾȻôңҲҲ
ǫ״ţΪǾľǾȻڡ
ãҪԱ
ɫ䣬æҿ뿪
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Ļ˺ԥĳԶݣҲûǽսܺź뿪
գۼ䣬ǫΧԲ֮һˡ
죬ҡչСܣұǡԪݡԪ
ˣ漴ֻáءһ죬ǫȻԱѪ׷ɣΪĵķԲ֮ȫݻ٣Զ˵ͬҲܵһǿķ籩ϮòԪеֿ
ҵǣǼʱ˿ͷǲδʲô˺
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Ҳ֪˵ʲôã˵ɫͬ˵
ǲʲô֮ˣҲΪǫ֮ǰЩԼվ˵ϸֱڻǵĵˣΪ˵˶ԼΣУͲ˵ʲôƣȫǰ׳յΪ
ˣԺ˵
˼һֵϿ϶ҪˣȽ˼˵
̶ֳȵĺԱԹϵʵûв´˿Ѿ˾ռڲ˵ע⣡
Ȼ컰ʱ򣬹ϵ洫˽Сӣ˼ҹҪ찡ǣ

ЦãֽԺŴ򿪣ϼҴҵ˽ɷ˵ıָ촵ӵ۵СӣǲǣŪôĶ˼ôƨɣСӣǲƤ˰
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416 ľӢ۾ҵˣ
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˵κȻҴҵ˵үȥľɣͿҪûˣ
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˵һ䣬æŵҩľͬʱԪҩԣԪΪľơ
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ڽ죬δѪǾޱļ˳ժһЩرҩģȴû뵽˷ǡľվľɷ˵ıֱӼսţֱռһϷ磬ȴû뵽ȫһ壡
ܿܳʮ˽ΧסѪǾޱļ˽ΪŭʢҪЩƴսףΪһʱΣմ
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׿һǵϢǱ̶ֽȫɱﲻǷҵĵֲ̣ţ

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쿿αϣĵ⣬֪ͨһǾޱͰ׷ˣǵҲһʲôϢ֪ͨǣ
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ܿ죬˱㳯ľڵԺȥ;˺Ǿޱ°׷һм˱ܿԺУҵǰԳ֣ľ𽥺תֵһ˵ıľ֮Ĺϵ¶ӵ׽һЩ


417 ˾շϢ
ȥȴûκιڷЩ˵Ϣʮֹڤʧһ㣬Ǻް취
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418 ˾ˣҷ
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ү˵ô죿κȻڱϳҪȥԼҸˣڵʵȫԲѴ֮

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⻰˾ȴֱЦⶼˣƾǸղЩֱҲΪ


419 ʧ٣˾ţ
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˾յЦҺߴľߣȻо˼ˣſ˭ôĹһһҼҶүڮ٣̲ס֣Ǻǣʧ֮϶°

˾յ⻰һ
ĳߣ
˭ţɵӶŰɣ
ǿûзŭҧȻλϵǲҲ뿪ˣ
˼ˣߣ
˾յǻһĨЦݣк˾һ㳯ȥ˿ûаѷ˷С
ŵһĻ÷ŭ죬Ǻʱܹӣ
ǷûĻǿ϶̲סĳȥˡ
磬ôôˣ˵Ҫ÷ϼһǶ֣źýһ𣿡뿪׺˾ײʵ
ǺǡЩʱʵһķģ
˾յЦ߰ɣȥźõǸλˣǵ˲У
⻹ף
˾һЦתԪݺԼ˼£ʱͷ亹ֱðɫףǸ˿˿Ѫ
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˾յɨһۣĵˣɣҲˣ
˾յαװһº˱໥żٳǰȥȻΪˡԵʣԵüΪߣܿ㱻˷ˡ
׻绤ǡ
ǵ˾Χ
죬ȥ֪ͨүҺױˣȥңѾŸ˷ƶˣǿȥ˾յ˿ڣ˵
ã
˷ֱչ׵ˣһʩչ˾ռŵ㼱ٶȥ
׻绤Ҫ·Ȼȥ˰ɣ˵
ȿȡˣ
˾յ£㳯˾ʹһɫ
ԪڵĻûӦ֮ǰֱӳ͵Ϯ˴ιȥ漴һ˷һ˳һȥ֮ǰȴǸߵ˼̯ѪܵľݻһЩһ۾ͻֶᷢǾһսĽ

ʱפڣڷŭȲѣԼ˱˾ɱ˲˵һ֮ǰȻֱǶҵ裡
ɣΪ˼ƻ룬òϾ˵˾ռʵǸǿ
ҳ
Ŵʱ˾ˣڵĴʮˣȻǵԪи˾շ˾ˣ˾ռЩȫŭӯЩ˿ĵ׷ë
ô˾һҲˣ
ѣȴϴЦݵĴԺ߳ȥЦ˾ʲôĪҲϵܣϵǰɱҷҵ˲ɣ
׵˽˾
ʲô
һͷˮλѾ뿪ô
ôĹ
˾շվŭλֵܲ˵ȻҽǺ˾ռ˰ȥһѪɺӣ

˾Ҳڱŭ㲻磡λֵˣ㾹Ȼǵ˻ŵʱ򣬽ͬʱ°ߣҿǻĲͷˣ
ȫ֪ν
λϵܣ⵽˵ʲôҳϣ׵λϵܵȷһɱҵˣǺܿ˰˵
Ϊǻ𣿡
˾շЦλֵȴ֮˶үڮ٣ŭ֣ȻҶǶ֣ԼǵԪڣҪɱǣ
λֵƴܣ㾹Ȼ׷ᣡôĵӣ
׵˾ռĻλڼ볤֮£νҪ
ټ֮˶Դ֮һΪºͣ¾ƢΪ˾ףƽ֣ȴҲǺ˾ռ֮˹ϵһ
˵Ƿ׵˲°ߣЩβŭ
˾֣ѵҲ𣿡תһֱûôڵ˾˵
ϵܣûǽ׵λ
˾ҿԵһʱ嶯㻹˹ִǾ͹ֲˣ
˵ˣѾ뿪ˣ
ɫҲ֮һҷҵߣʲô֤˵ģˣǺڤ򣡡
շģ㾹ȻڽƱ磡
˾Ƶ۳ĪҺͷӵ׵λֵܵĴǼٵĲɣǣǹƺ㣿Ҳδ̫Լ˰ɣ


420 ֣
˾Ƶŭ⣬Ĳ֪˵ʲôã
ȻǵԪڵʵ˾Ԫǰ֮˵ʱȴͬһƵģԭܼ򵥣˭˾ռȷҸǿأ
ߣû˾ռ壬˾շ˾֣Ҳȫ
˾ռķ׵λӵżΪĵλȻֻеԪǰڵʵһ֣ȫԪ֮һսκ·磬һ֣ʤĻὫɣһֵĻ¾ǵԪ֮ҲܹһսʤҲߣ
ң׵ֵܣһδȢ໥һƵģ
ڷԸ˾ԪڣҲԸ׵潻֡
һˣһ˾֣ϵܣϵܣŻţûж׵λϵ֣ܶǵңҷȫ޹أ
ŵĻǴȥһѣ
÷ҵ˿˵˴ãҲûطԲˣߣʱҲǾѣܹѵκһ׵λϵܱҰ֤ܵݣҷ˵̽ͷϣΣ
Ϊأ
˾շЦĪǣΪǲ𣿡
үѰɣ˾Ҳ˾Ե
ѣ
˾ĬһһӺȵκһۼҪŹ
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ʮ˾ռ˷׷ɢΧԺȥЩȫǲίڷû֮ǰǸҷ
үûз֣
ҲûУ
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ܿ죬ԺӱѲһ飬˾üͷ壬ʼձһƽģ
ȷû赣ģ
ү
ȻʱһԺд˾ռ֮˵漴һӰٹȻһɫ壬֣
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ù
˾շһӴ˹ȥɫү׵壡
ڻкλ˵˾ӹȥϸһ漴ʵ
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ҡͷŵĵôܻܣԲܣ
㵽ڻڷϣô˾շŭ
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ǿƽһЩ飬ҿԶ췢ģĲ֪飡ˣô飿ǲǶˣĿľΪɱ
˭׵ã˵⻰˼Ī˵㣿ôĵӣ
˾շֱӳ˾Ҳǲϸŭ⣬÷ɫޱѿֱĿҪγˮʱ˾ĳ֣ǽŪ˷˼⣬»ҲͲˡ
ڳˣ˭ûп˾˾շǿٽ˵
콫׵λҿԿ˵ķݶʱ׷£˾˵
û
пԣû˵ʲô˾ֵټִԲǾݹˣ
ҷҽ췢ģץ˾˾յˣǱĶ
һָ췢ģɫ²ѡ
ڵΪ˾׵ôҲֻö췢һַˣ
Ͼ˵κλﶼ޷ģ
һģΥôضǴڵĳŵҲʵ֡ʶûˣ֮ˣӲƭˣ
ԣ˾շ˾˶һۣɫ΢΢˱䡣
û뵽ˡ
Ҫڴ˾ռҵڶǲܵˣ֪ˣղŲ˵ЩϻֱӶ֣ʲô˵Ļᣡ
Ȼڷ֮˾ı˼֣˫΢еĵȻϵ˷ģұһأϣϵܹһ
˾ַģҲϵҷȻ岻ݴǣصͷ˫˸ĺâ
Ǻãߣ
˾ͷ漴кŷƵ˾ռ֮תȥ֮Ĺϵ»һЩ
˶ɢȥҵ˾׺˾յټҪˣҪʬԸ
ǣϣ
֮ʱȥֻ·һüͷվԭأεԼһıУĵ޷ƽ

ڤԼңͥԺϣһҡεζʱʱĺһڲ裬Ե⣡
Ϊ˾ռ尲ߵˣЩķչȻ벻˾ռİ֧֣໹ԼֶָΣ˾ӦֻҪ˾ռ彻ôֱΪڤĵһʱʲôаɷӶţʲôׯ԰ͳͳҪǰʾ
⼸ÿÿ뵽Щ飬ֵϱޱ˷ܵЦݣ˼ʱ򣬻רȥҼСк𣬱ȷҪһЩǷȴ˿κˣÿζŪǼСĲ
֣ܿģ
ʱһϷʵȻֱ֣ӣԴȥ
ˣһŮ
еȻ˵̫㣬ȴεˣ죡
ߣվŵȴżƵòŮˣֽȻͬʣŮұħŮ˾֡
ŮרŽйæƶȶã
˰
ֻˣǰһɱΣȻΪҪǿһЩȴҲǿ̫ࡣ
ɣֺУȴٳû˻Ӧ׼ȷ˵޷Ժȥһ㿴ĸĤͥԺȫ֣ɫףĵ׷š
֣㲻ؽˣƺ
컰ոˣȶȴǺĿֱЦܵܣò˵ƺûɣ˵ҪǿƵģ

⻰ʱͷߡ
ȶ
ƶֵĵһȶȶʱͬСŮС࣬˵ߺߣ˭ǽأ
ȿȡ
ȲѣȶʱʱֵԸ֣ȫû취Ԥϡ
֣Ӧûϵң
ӣԼ£ĵһҽһҽ죬аɷӶ֮Ļһһݣ캣а٣
ʲô
һԣʱ𾪵ĵɴ˫ۣ嶼ɵÿʼ˵ʲôǡаа٣
ܵܣסŶ
ֵӣٴȶЦѡ
캣а٣㾹Ȼ캣а٣
ЩʧţĶǿ־壡
ܹںڤзչ˵زҲǱֱ˵ݣǸֻй¶ȥ
ôаĿģɱ
һʱ䣬ȫ־ռ
֡
ɨһϼһĵپһ䣬


421 ۻɱ¾չ
Ҫʲô
첻κθ֮ǰޱ˷ܵɫʱή
֪ԼĶ֣˵ƶȶڳˣ
ܺã
ֵķӦԤϣ΢΢һЦʵҪĺܼ򵥣ӦüҰڵ˰ɣ
ϴεȷ
ΪԼֺʵĵͷ
ǾͺˣҪ㽫ÿ˵ӰŪȻһЩٵƭңɵˣʲô쵭ĵ
Ҫÿ˵Ӱ⡭
Ļ΢΢ɫ䣬ЦЦע£ԥһջҧͷãҴӦ㣡ֻҪŹңҪʲôУ
ǺǡŶİɣҲɱģֵúãһ԰Ԫ
쵭ĵ˵Ϊ˾ռ尲ߵˣʵӦôͲǣ˾ռҲûнϣôˣ㻹ڣǲԼר඼ûֳɣ
ǵģ
ҪֻҪҰ£Ҹ˵Ļһ֮ʱԪӦҲʲô⣡ʼ
ôһĲѡ
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ܺãǸˣ
֣漴Ťͷƶ㣬ʱ䣬ܽӦõ˰ɣ
ţѾˣƶЦŵͷ
ǽɣ
ã
ƶӦһ漴ǰ𪽿۵С˼ӡʱһŲ洫룬ʮһӰˣΪ׵ĺȻδ캣˴󻤷֮ıۻ
ߵģȻǱۻˣϴڻڰүӵʱģʱôʱٴȴûһ衣
ӴаٵܵܣŶһ֣̳׳һ۶
ЩۻŮǣһĽа٣ĺһ㣬»ʱѪ
ϼһﲻѾӶô
ȿȡ
˵ĵϷԶԡ
һȣҲּæջЩһ죬ΨǨŭ
԰Ҹһ£
ЦλӦ˵캣˴󻤷֮һıۻ
ۻ
ɫ䡣ۻȻȴǾԵֺݶ˵Ы˶
ҾȻűۻôã
ֺ޲Լ⡣
ˣ˲඼ˣ԰㰴Լǰ˴ʵǿĶʮӰһŪûֵɫ仯Ը
ǣа٣
ľٶЩ²⣬֮ȴκεķæȽ˵Ӱֳ
κε٣νǻ֣
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İɣ
ƶЦŵͷȶȴ׳һ۶ܵܣ֪ڽң
ʱһһĹȥѾóմˣǰڵˣڲյʱȫıģϢǰȫͬ

˾ռפأ԰ŵһɽȣΧľӣȿڶһЩľڣǶԸΪϤ¾Ǵɽ߹ҲƷֲǹȿڵĴڣ
ʱ˾ˣȴΪһֱҲ˾˾յ˵Ϣޱȳգ
׵˾ռĻȻôʧˣǳڷפзֵ֮⣬һ˿ûҵյѰ޹˾òٴνɵĿ˷
ǻĲţںڤܹϢĽŵԪǰʵ˾׺˾յ°ߣɱ
ǣǷѾ췢ģԵĳͷҲӦףΪᷢԣ
ǷΪ׵˹ʧ٣֪һ¶ָνͣ
״˾ռ֮ѾγһԵѷ죬¾˾˾յĹѷҲ޷
ء
䡭

ʱȻһսл˾ռ֮˵ĲҽУ˾ʱɫ䣬һӦԼ˱аɷԼǶϣˣ
үүˡ
ģ˴ܽҴϷ˴ˣɱǺüˣ
ʲôǷ
⻰˾ʱɫ䣬ô˴ģô֪
֪үȥɣ̫ǿˣҲǿǿҪܲסˣ˼˵

ûл˵Ļ˾һߣһ˵λأУ˾ֺ˾ľʲô
λѾںͶԷˣֳϺľҲڣֻǡֻǸ̫ǿˣѹֳϺľϴ򣡡
ʲôķ
˾ŭҲȥôˣһĻսУ
Һ׼ȫǴ˴ʵǿģƵģ˰Χ˾շ˾ƣǳ־Ԯ˾ռ֮˵Ļᣬ˾˾ľ˸ڱǿѹƣ޷񡭡
ķ֮ޱĬǿսţܵ˾ռ֮չɱӻսʼڲӣѾкü˲ڷ֮Уȫκأ
Ҫʲô
˾һ˸˾˾ľ˴ϢĻᣬɫѿѡ
˾˵Ҫʲô
ͬŭѾ׵֮޹أΪҪ˰мңҷ֮˵жĪΪҷҺ۸ɣ
û
˾ҪϣɷȴκλᣬгʱϮǿĺ˽â˾Ҫԣһ

Ϊ˾ռүҲǼܣ˾˺ǳ
ټϷûиκ˵Ļᣬ˾ͷŭҲӽ͵ıֽӭϣգۼսһ˫绰ʯ֮ĺòֱ֣ڿգڰлŹӰѸٵײĲ뽣â֡
ҵˣǿɸ
ʱ˾շ˾˴һʱһȥ֮ǰ趯üԪԼԪǰ֮УΪ˾ռܹһЩΣ
кβң
˷֮⣬ͷ֮ͬһк˱㳯ƶ˽׷ȥ
˾˾ľˣ״֮Ǳ˸ǿսҪЩȫɱŻһ㣬ڼսͬʱƺδЩ֮˼ڽսȴĽսųȥ


422 ľ˵ı磬˾֮ŭ
˾ƣ˾շ磬ߣ
֮˴Ȳѣܿһߵʮ˱Ѿ˾Ǹɽ׿⣬ֽݺᣬľ٣Ŀֲƾĵ׷
ս˾оһУɵЩԲѣ
Ϊɹ֮ǰ˾˾յ飬ΪľӻѰ˾Ĳ̶ֳȵսȫǷƶƴſչֳģ
չֳƣ˾Էƶ˵вˣ
ǣͷĻ˾ԻѪ
Ϊǿޱҵļս棬ɷƶԼ߰ԼģϵŭȣǵֲʵǸԼʩչûʲô֮еֲң
ˣƣ
ʱȻӷ߳һˣμƻǳɹˣǻҪܵˣ
ǡү
˾շ˾ƼֱԼ۾ȻѾȷ϶˾ȴֱλһ㡣
ֶΣ¾ԪǿҲ޷ֱɣ
ң
˾ͷԵռƻ׵ҲߣЩ˾ͷĿҪǵȻȥһѻ𣡲һϷ
Ŷʲô
ƶ˲һ£˾ȴ΢΢һЦָָԶǻЦˣ԰ģŶǸǽһ¡
˾ЦλƶȶС㣬ǿġ
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Ů
ƶԣȴǲ˫ͫһ
ŮǵԪڵʵȶѾԪڣǾȻֻŮ
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˾շ磬˾ƣʲô
ʱѾٽ˾ֵŭ⡣
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˾һЦ˾˾ľʱüͷһ壬һֲ֮У㡭ʲô˼
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ƶ㣬ȶ㣬鷳λһ֣սپ˾ת
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ȶЦѣƽʱȻˣɱݳ˷ӵģһСŮ˵̬ȴԵüΪġ
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ÿŶҵĺý㣬֪
ȶ˾죬ƶһֱͬϣ˺һԭռ˲Ƶķƶ˶ʱƴǣգۼȫѹ˾˾ľʹŹ
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ģƶһȣĹâӿһ˿߰㽫˾˾ľ⧲֮ɫһ㱣óٻ˲١
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Աߣ˾շ˾Ҳ˲Ӵ˹ȣ׻˵ʹˮҲ˼ˣ
ҲǺ˵ôڻԲѵʱģȻûȫɣȴҲų䲻Ч
ҪѧҪѧý㣬ȵһҪ̸Ŷ
㰡Ȼ˵ɣȰˣ
ϣ
ȶӦһ漴һ޼趯ûͬһĴڣʵʰ쳹ʣȻ䳯ľϮȥ
ܿռѣĿռѷ֣˾շ˾ɫ˲䣬ԭҪȴǳˣȶĿǺɫ
ȥ
ȶһ˲佫ľ˲סͬԭӵը캳صĴһ޴ĢƳ𣬺ڤһ˲ݺݲ˺ü¡
˿ֲĹУξԻס˾˾ľȫκεֿ֮ʬȱȫ׹ڵأʮؿŻĺǸɴ࣡
ˣˣ
ȶ֣Ʋˮƽץҵܵܣ

˾һ˺Ȼ˹ЦȶӻôأýĽأ
ˣ֮ģ
߽ⲻǫô
ȶֵһסļЦ֮ǽûȥúúȼôʱ䣬߽ɶûأ
ⲻ̫ôξͲż뿪ˣһȥүָָأص
ţŲ࣡
ȶЦŵͷƶҲ漴˹໥֪֪׵׽һ죬˾ڱϿЦá

ʱһߣ˾սķȴμٷˣȵ˿쳷˾̫ǿˣ

ʣµЩ֮˼ٷˣ˾Ҫ׷û취
ǰһĻ˾һҧгݡ
˾ռʧأķ֮˶ʬ壬ѪɽȣܸǲƲûһõĵط
ķ˾ɱĲΪˣ
˾ŭХɫ˼㡣
ʱ˾շ˾ȴǴڣҡҡλεķ˻ɫ԰׵Ѫա
ү
ǿ˾ǰ˶Էƣү𷣣
ˣɣ
˾üһ˵ƣֲǣҿѾҪǣ˭Ҳ֪ǾȻ˼£ң
лүƶ໥Ѫصĳ棬ɫѿ
׷ʲôǶֵʵôܲǶԷĶ֣˾ʵ
үǱһɱ֮Уɱ죬˸ǷҴ˴˵ľֵƴŽҴƿ󷨣ǲ֮ȫɱţ׷ɱ˵ģȴȻӵʲôȥΪԷһǲҼ׷Ż
˾շ罫źõ˵˵ı仯û˾κġ
мˣôãľ˿϶Ҳмˣ
˾ɫ˲䣬æû˶ȥңҪҪʬ
ǣү
ʣµʮ˾ռ֮Ӧһ΢ȶƺɢȥ
ķңһȥ֮һҪˣ
ǸҪƤͷ֮ޣ
˾ŭ죬˫ֽգֱţ


423 ˾һƻɣ
ҹ
Ҳˣôڱͷڹꣿ
ٲҾʹȥ˾췢ģɱĲΪˣ
ҵʱפ⣬˾ѣ˵Ķǣ
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Ա˾շǿɲҪ˱˵ļƣȽȥ˵ϾںڤҲˣ
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433 ĪʧܵĽ
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Ļ첻֪Ϊȴһ˵νıǺȻһֲ֪ԭĲ
ӣ˵ݴһֱģڼǰҲа˵ǰ죬ҺȻһ֣һͬհúܶ˹ע
²²⣬̺ͽӦǼԵʣڵʲôĲö֪ˣ
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ٴιԹԵͷʱҲûȥ˵ʲô飬ܿ˯ȥ

ˮɽϣʦĪˮʦԪİԺУ߰÷ƶȶŮԷ̣ԶһС԰ڣѾͷУʱʱĴЦˮɽϸ鶯
ʱڵĴ˽ȻǾһսǻЩ׵ӣ϶ڸղŵս·磬ҲѾǾˣҲΪ桭
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ԣ΢صʦ˵ĪʮһεĻԪʢ᣿ϴλͷӺһȥİɣ

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ÿʮ꣬Ԫ½϶һλԪʢᣡ˵ʢᣬʵһδ͵ı
ԪʢҪķΪ棬֮⻹һЩļܱ綾ҩصȵȣ
ÿһεĻԪʢֱڲͬͣϴвԪݣ˳˵ӦǱˣԪʢڼ䣬ĸִӸ˵ʢᣬû֮һ
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ĪˮҡҡͷʦҪȥǱе飬ͬ˵ЩͬĻǵȥ˲Ż֪
˵ĪˮһٺԪʢ˲żüãҲҪǴ¶ǸǰŵһҲһ㣬ѧʦֻ֪ɱɱģ

ԣʱͣҲЩŹ֡
ӱˮɲֻβ֣
뵱Īˮɱ˲գ۵ĴڣȻֶλ˻û˱ѾжνɱΣ
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442 ݣǧɽǿ
Ԫ½ΪвԪݣݣݣϲݣ򣬶ΪԵʣƽ¶͵ģڼ֮ظżѩ˼챻ѩǣûܹ֪ǼѩЩʲô
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һֱಽĸԪİߣʱʱ¶ۼ׸һڿ񽣣һֱؽֵĸں棬СӵЦԵüΪᣬȻֵĳ硭
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״Ԫİüǰߣôû˵ǧɽǿڣ

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챾֣ȴֱ֮ĺɷ˵ֱӳǰʮУʱһҺ𣬱Щǿһߵķݰ㳯˷ɢȥüʵʵײ˱ϵĴ׹ء
ЩǿУʵߵĲѣôԪڵĶ֣
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Ԫİޱĵܹʮˣٲ˵Ļһһɱȥɱֻʣһ˵ĻһСһƬƬٸ£ģһľʼձ״̬ʱʱ̶ܹ̿ܵʹĸо


443 Ԫİĵڶңǧ
ǧǾǧɽҲǧɽԲ֮Ψһһӡ
ӲСνͨ˴ΪʱӶȥǧɽɱħ޵Եʣǧķٳ̶ȲСǺܴ󣬿˵ǶΪٵһط֮һˡ
֮ǰЩǿԪİֶջʵˣǾȻǧϷҰŵˣΪľǶһ·ûɱ̫ˣȴ˲ٵŮˣ˵ãԪİԶ£ʮȫ
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ǧԪİȻΪϤƵĴһΪƫƧԺ䡣
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ԪİͬСӰͷһ˫۾ȴỨʱǸǸжǳԪİֲ֮ĸŮȴʤĸŮĸ飬˵뾴塣
̲ٶԣרĵˣԪİŲһ۽Ứżԣ˵ǵڶң˵ļңǸԪңѾûлȥˣ»ȥԪݣҲҵɽϾסѣ
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ÿܺÿǴǹͷϾ͸ÿˣԥ޵

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444 ӣŹͷұ
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445 Ԫڹұ֣ӵ
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ΪϲԼȵԵʣ̸רΪ׼һЩСӳԵֺͣ
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Ϣһڶһ𴲳Թ緹֮׼ȥˣΪֻǧϲķ֮һ̵꣬׼緹ˣЦãȴֲòӦ


446 ŮƼ
ߵһߣıѾи̵꿪ӭͣԽԽ˳֣Ȼ̸ɥ࣬ȷܴԿһЩСͳǳˡ
ǣǰ棬Ϳ񽣸һһСλŮ·ڸ·꣬εȵ֮У켫ΪǣЩʱһ·ȹӣò׺͵ļ۸񣬿ٴαȻһºȴֱ˵һתߡ
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ƲƲ죬и󵽣𣿡

ƼߵС㿴׹ĸʶȤһ㣬ȻСǼ߲ǧ򣡡
⻰˵ǰˣֱһŮ
ôĿ
ûкһ֮ǰͬһŮӣ֮Ƽ
ߣȻǧϺǿ˵ʵĻıȲ̲󣬸˵ˡ
⣬׹վλãԸ
ʱ֮䣬ͷƼŮͬһ໥ŶԷ˿ûκε֮⡣
ƼС㣬λС㣬ǡ
ȥ˷Ƽε߳ˣּŵΣ̽ʱһߵŮԡ
ߣ׹
ƼһֱӳһֱߵǸŮԱ֡
ƾʲô㣿
鲻ʾĽ׹ֱŷƼеӾߣҵ뿴ǷҸҲٵ飡
㡭
˴̼ԷƼǰԸλ̵ס
ҲԱ߼ŮԱȰ裬ֱӰγһŮĳ㳯˹ȥ
ò˵Ƽмֱ£ٴʱĳҲΪɾ䣡
ֻǣȴһѾ˹ȥǷƼʱһı䷽Ǵ鲻׹óĲ֮⡣
ৡ
ϡ
ŮεڴȴǺò֣ƼʵȴҪ鲻٣ֻһ֮ˣžվ˫ŲҲȫܶʲô˺
һŴ޹÷ƼͷŭŮȻһɫԲ򣬴бСȴɢżΪΣյϢɫȻ䡭


447 飬裡
һڶΪΪ飡
żǿıըЧһԪ䶪֮ԱըΪĵķԲʮ֮ڶܵɲѵʤǿķҲֻзҲС
ʱǷƼеĺɫӣ飡
Ժһӱ㸡ֳԪİΪĽܣɫ˲䡣
˿̣ڵŮԱҲ׷ɫ䲻ѡ
ƼС㣬סְ
һŮԱæ˵ǧСͻһ˰
飬
Ҳ֮黽˻һͬ
һıըҲҪȫ»Ļˡ
Ϊ֮һһ򱣹ܼΪܣƼҲֻһΪ֮ãֻû뵽ȻΪһʱ֮㽫˳
ŮˣδҲ̫һЩɣ
ߣ
˵̬ƼС°ͣĵסҲԣ׹øңٸҹµǸ
룡
˵ʲôʱ
ó׹ҲǲȻҪ¹Ǹ˵һ־޴裡
һӣ˹ع򳤱֮⣬ûκ¹һΣ
ɫҲͬ˫΢еĳҶұ֤ӳһ̣׷룡
ɱε
˲ڵ¶ȶ½٣ƼΪɱֵģ˲両ֳһĨ԰ףȫǿ־壡ʱУͷ·һͷ˵Ұޣ
˭Ҷ˵
ʱε갲֮󣬺Ȼ⴫һһԼĪʮ߰ӻ룬߸ĸмƣ
ˣǷҵĴүƼĴ裬һѾڶһμԪǰ֮ˣ
硭۸ҡ
ĳ֣÷ƼҵĹǣպúһܵ˷ߣŷֱ㿪ʼ״
ˣûˣдڣҿ˭ң
ķƼļ˵Ҳǣѵ˸׵ĽȻó飬ǲ뱻׹ؽˣ
˼Ҳֻһʱ嶯
Ƽ˵ˣǻûȥô磬㵽ҵģǰ˵İˣ
㰡񳤲һ
ԣʱЦõƼǣ漴ɫһĳǱȥ˫΢еĵ·ҳӷ裡Ÿ¼ΪЩӦǲǧİɣ

쵭ĵͷ˫ָ˵ŷүһȻףүĪ벻ǷǺڰױҵȳ֣ңѵҪ˲ɣ
ҷҴӲˣ
ͦͦأ´⣬ȥ̸Σ
ԣ
ͷӦĻ񲻾ˣ
룡
룡
˶һƣ㳯ȥ֮ǰҲûǽеĶˡ
õ׹ȻĻϲǷƼȴǶݺݵسһۣòС
Ƽͷ£ȻվǱߣڷƼֲľٶȫǷŭֻСյĶȴǸ鶯ɰ

¥һ¥װ÷ڷŶ֡
λ
żУǼ£ֵһ׼˵ʲôķƼż֪λմǧкιɣ
Ǻǡҽ죬飬Ůҵѿ񽣣
򵥵Ľһ£˵˲·Ϣձȥȴû뵽֮£Ǻǡ
ԭֵܣ
賯칰˹֣Сƽｿ֮Ҳ˽һЩһ׹ѣֵ÷Σ
Ƿ֣
Цһԭ軹ˣȻֱǷ׹
ȻӱϿڶǱʾǸ⣬ҲΪм˵ͷƼְ֮ͬˣֻ΢һЩˡ

ͷ˵Ըǧƽ£Ѿ׹ٱ۸ˣǺǣ˵ʵڵģҲΪСʵںϲ
ǣҲͬϲЦ׹µģүϰɣ
һ˫ʱһĨâض죬ȴǱЦӣ˵˿ϵЦݸһĨаЦ
һʱ䣬ձЩš
ĸԼƼŮ׷׽ַ˸ԵĽϣʱ֮⡣
¥ҲǷУںﶯֻ᲻˵ע⣬ʵڷŽʱ򣬷㰵г¥ƹʹһɫһ֣ǰ˱ضܻ뿪ǧ
ֻǣ豾һΪصˣ
֪ǧϵĵλһٶľܾض̣û̽ʵݵ£ԸĶ֣һǿĵˣͷƼ񲻳˼ˣ
ߣȻǧȷɷݣԪ½ȴʲô
ʶڶһ󣬷ȻЦȻֵܲԸ⣬Ҳǿǧƽֵ£͵СƼλˣ
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ȻȴҡҡͷЦ֮үջأûµĻǾȸˣ
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ܿڷ£ǰȫ뿪˷¥ȫû¶ϣǵĹִҵ
Ȼ¥żУص֮󣬷Ƽȴǲʵĵ磬Ϊʲôôɵķ뿪
ʲô
εԼһۣ˵ǲ˵ôҪߴգҪѵǵĻеǣһΪ¸Ǽȥ鷳Ǳôͣһ׹ӣ˵СðСãҲóһˣ
ɡҾǲ
ƼŶ˶ţ磬ҲһҪұ𣬲ȻҾȥɩǸ״ߣ

Ƽ⻰ĿЦæããӦ㻹ôһʱ䣬ǵֻ·ģǾͺúõĽѵһ٣˭Ǹ۸ɰأ
ģҿŶ
ģڸϣ
ؿڣ漴߶һɫ뿪
һĻƼЦݸ·𿴵ǱԼݺݽѵΣ˷ܡ
ʲôСãһе¶ˣɣסˣ֪ô
֪
ڷƼȫûĴӦУЦҡҡͷ漴ȥ
ϾǧǷҵĵ̣ҲõķƼʲô⡣


448 ƼС飬Ҳ
ǧϣ˷֮⻹һżңżȻûзǿ󣬵ȴҲΪ̸żңǲòϣԸĻʱż֣֮
νľַش֮ȻʶżҵĴҲΪǷס˲ٵĿ⣬Ҳżܹ֮ڵĸԭ˰ɣ
żһˣΪǣżҼŷ֮ӣ
һֱΪŷʱʱյǳΪ˷Ƽ׷ߣֻƼһֱûôɫżƺ˶ĳǿ߼壬ʵҷͥơ
żҼŷһֱŽȡ֮Ұģ
ܹȢƼΪޣôҵԴ㶨ȻᳯżƫһЩŷļƻż
ʶ׷Ƽ棬ŷȻûڱ˵ʲôʵȴǰ֧֡
ⲻƼڸո׼뿪¥ʱǵõϢ˹һﻹװһ
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ҿûи㣡ֻԶٷţֻ˵Ե֣Ѿϰ˷Ƽ̬ȣЦ˵
Եָƨ˭ϡ
Ƽ˶ţ漴ȴһתǲôʲô鶼˳һղЩļһǣҸ㣬Զһ㣡Ҳ㣡
ôǵˣ
ǹȻƼǰ㣬ؿڵңȥ㱨𣡲ʲôˣһñףô
ƾ㣿
ƼмƲƲ죬һĨȴΪмĵǣҸ㣬ͲЩ˵Ķ֣ߺߣʱ򣬲ûұ𣬷㣡
˭˵ģ
ȫܵ˷ƼĴ̼ʱ۵Ƽ˭ĶȥЩץ㴦ã
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Ƽһϲʮԥӣȴĵ״нæ˵Ȼģôƭ㣿ŵĻһȥЩˣҪͷ
ۡǣҲŷʵҲͦ˳۵أг
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ƼĿ佱ͦͦأȴûַƼĨϷʡ
ߣҴȥҲܳŶҲûȥҵŶƼЦ
ǣҺЩ֮飬ƼûκιϵֱӦ
Ŷ߰ɣ
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ܿ죬Ƽǳ¥ȥŸղ뿪ķ첽׷ϡ
Ϊǳֵԭ򣬵Ҳûߵ̫죬ܿһ·÷Ƽǿˡ
˼̣ƼָǶ˵ôеģһһСŮģǸȥСеģǸ΢Ůģ
ţˣ
ǵͷؿڵƼţȥǴͷ
ˣ鷳ô࣬ҪǴҸ׺ʹ棬϶Ҫ˵ˣ
ƼҡҡͷҪɣ͹ȥѵһ٣ǼﲻҪôȻҿһ֧Ŷ
ģ
Զʱ۾һƼʱƲƲ죬ôһƭôߺߣž㿩
ţҵȻ˰
ǺٺЦƼͿðɣҷǵȥúýѵѵǲɣߣ
˵䣬Ǳǰ·ȥֵڣ·˷׷ÿЩ˻ǲɼ֮ȴָϽ·ϾǿżүԶԶЩܹǵ˵ġ
Ϳվ·ڣŲó·ȹԼϱȻ飬ȫһЦѵģȻһЩֻһСŮȻŮϲ﷽棬ȴ֮˿·ȹۻңɫɰ
ǵĵȴõ˷׷ײĿ
ɨһۣүһǳģ
Ǻǡģ
ЦЦ˵ǲ£Ҳ£
ţ
⻰˼촽һĨϣѾܾûжˣϣµģܹúõػֽš
Ȼǰ㣬Ǵ˵ֱߵǰָıСӣ¶ˣ߰ɣ
ҷˣ
΢΢һҲ˵ʲô˼ʲôˣ
СӣҪװģ
˵Ƽ飿ʶԺͷתһ£漴۾һĵСӣҵżұ͵ĶǼİɣˣĸôĵӣ͵Ȼ͵żͷˣ
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ԭǵһ㶼񣡲Ǹ˰ɣﲻһôɰСŮ𣿡
˵ʲôûУûүԳ¼ٲˣ
Ӵǿɾ˹ˣ
ǵĻԱ˷׷׳ָָ㣬ʱҲ˹ǵǻðɣòԥķȫҶ
λǾͲҪƱˣ
Χǵע£ǵ˵ǼʵʵĸһȥҶǲ
ǺǡȻŴү˵Դ䣬ʲôʵԵ֤ݰɣ
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ʲô˼Ȼ
ó֤ݰ
ʼ磬ЦŴүҪڹ컯֮´ߣó֤ηڣĪŴүΪżܹһ첻ɣ
㡭
Զʱɫ䣬ֻҵһڣܹó֤ݣ
㰡Ұˣ
ЦҲ֪ŴүΪʲôҪԩǣסˣЩ˲ǵģ
ôĿ
ŭҵҪʲôˣץȥ
ǣ
Ӧһһһҵĳֳץȥ
񽣣ȥɣҴһһȣԸ
ϣүģ
۾æ̤ǰץס˵֣Ȼǰһקݺұ˶Ժһ£ұ˷˵ͬʱݺ߳ţ漴ֻͷѵϥǱԲĽǶ۶ϣһ㷴֮ûС
һĻΧ֮˷׷׵һ
Ǹɫ䣬ȻǿҲڣϾ֮ˣȻһжûֵܵ㱻ȥһȣǶʱв
ȴûзŹ˼ķԸǽ˶Դһȣھͻһˡ

ǳ׻ˣſһıƽǲõЦݣǷ·һĽˣżҵˣҪǸҶһëҸǾԲŹǵģ


449 ȣ磡
ǵıּΪ˵żңǧŵ˸ղſ񽣷ȵĳѾȫ־ˣҿ񽣵񡭡
Ͼ׶ģټްϢתȷ﷢˵ǱŵˣΧЩΧ֮һЩĲ
ȻȴʵִķԸȣ
֨֨
˫ָͷ棬죬񽣵¶˲мЦݣү˵ˣҪðȣʵȻɲ˰ƾҲҲ磿
ҡ
ǻ˵ʲôɿȴᣡ
͵Ĵ̤ǰֱǰһʱһεļгſץסһ˫磬ȫ޷ѡ
漴ҽȻһߣֻһҺ͸ղһϥǱ㱻ֱߵ÷飬ڿֱ֮ӵ˵ϣʹ಻ĲҺš
ʱ䣬ֱӷϵ˵ȣżҵˣлλżҴү
Σ˷׷׵һ󺺵Ŀȫ𺧡
ſɫҲΪŹ֣ǿûǿ񽣸ղŶĳƺ
˶ǿˣô֪еүָΣ
ʶһʱ֮·ſڱȫס˺ΨֳΪһĿ꣬ΨĲҺϣԵǰĲ
үҪ˵ɴֱɱˣ
ûܵĹ죬Ťͷ˵Ҳǻð·ɣ
·ʲô·Ȼ·
񽣽ɱ˵ɣΧ֮ٴɫ䡣
ˣ
ҡҡͷֱָû˵ĶȴĵӦǱˣɣߣ
ޣ
ЩԸȴΥ˼㳯ȥ
˼״æÿһ·Ψֱ·֮֡
Ԫĵ˵Եõ˺תֻȿ϶Ƕ϶ˡ

ʹǿƾһվ뿪ķԹ
ɨһ֮ǰƼڵλ÷ѾһˣǵŭӯǱβ֪Լ϶Ǳˣǵлһ˿ĽңƼԼ˵ʵ
ǲΣ˵֮¾һ޴ĳ裡

ʲôҾ磿
շƼǵҲûʲô鷳ʱֻصԺ󣬱ʦԪİ˵ϷҪ磬ԪİҲ֮УȻԪİҲȻҪǼһǰȥˡ
ʦãҺʲôϵôʵ
ŶΪʲôôʣԪİЦ
ܼ򵥰
ʼ磬˵Ȼ˵ǧĵͷߣǰʥ߰Ҫͷûϵôеμ磿οԸûϵӦ
ֲˮ˵žţ
Ԫİ͵Ŀһۣ˵µòҺͷҵȷЩԨԴҪ˵Ļҷֲһ壬ΪľҲߵʱУܹ˰æչ˺

⻰죬Ƕסˡ
ΪչһˣӶֲһǺεſֶΣ
ɴҲԪİԴ̵̬ȣ֮˸
֪ôɨһϢ̣ʵ
Ӧ֪ģ
ԪİЦûǱ濴ȥô򵥵أ
ˣǹôã϶ҲЩ˰ɣȥϢҽһȥ
õģʦã
ܿ죬ѾҹĻʱ֣һԲգͬɴ»ܻƽ֮⡣
ԪİĴ£죬飬ѣԼһͬŷȥ
ûȥ˵ǲӦֵĳ棬Ըһڼš
Դˣʮ˽ԸԪİҲûǿһ˺ܿ˷桭
ΪǧȻҲŷݵĵطȻ̸ϺȴŲͬطķΧŵƽʣò֡
ȻȴûţԪİĴƵ˺Ŵ
ʱĺѾ򿪣һԼĪʮĵȺǣ˳żϣڼԪİ֮ʱȴֳָһĨĹ
ˣǷҼҲķƼ֮ţ
ǰл͹⣬룡Źĵ
ˣţ֮䲻񣡡
ԪİЦŵЩڰչĹҼ
ǰˣûǰҷѾһߺǣֺյķңɫԽԿЩȷǷģԷҸĹ˲١
Ǻǣˣ˵ˣǽȥɣ
õģǰ룬λѣ룡
ڷŵ·УܿǱ˷ҵĲȻ׼ֹˮѾźˣɴҲɿŵȷ˲ٵ˼
ŰҸһ£
ºԪİ齫˶һһ飬ȫûκμӵдкڳƺͬƣ顭
ǰо仰Ҳ֪˵˵ԥŵ
Ǻǡ˵ɣһ֪㣿϶ΪʲôӦμɣԪİЦ
ǰ˽
ڨڨһЦǰ˵ĻǾ͵ûʰɣ
Ҳûʲô
ԪİЦŰڰֵֻԶٷѣҵй¶Լ֪ͺãֻ⼸μӻԪʢģԴǹʶ
ǰģݾĶŮ֪
ӦλԪʢᣬֵǿ϶Źʣǰǰλˣ
ˣ㰡ʲôʱѧƨˣ
Ԫİһۣȥæɣʱ䵽ٹǾǣ
Ǻǣʲôæģ
Ц˲ãҾǰˣǰǵƼô
ƼǸСѾͷ
ԣԪİ¶һĨЦݣϴμʮɣûǴĻӦòʮ߰˰ɣŶˣҼǵ㻹иӽ裿
ǰüԣƼʮˣ
ŵͷԥһµǰĻɷã
ԣ֮ɣ
ԪİͷӦ£漴ȴǺЦŰţ㾹ȻС˼ˣģҼȻӦһ쵽ʲôȼƼѾͷ֮˵ɣ
ǣǣҲˣлǰ
ԪİĻŵ϶ʱ¶һĨ֮ɫԪİ鿴ĿЦãҲɻʦõ״ӦʲôȻ˷ܡ
죬˽⵽ǳݣһЩڷȤ¶ǰǲǵķЦȴ·ߵķ˾֣
Ҫ֪ƽһģȤ
ߣԷߵкʸ÷׿һе̬ȣ


450 õ𾪣ټǣ
ʽʼڷҵУǧԼӸĲ֮ˣڷ׷һηҺȻŵἫΪ⣬ֹ
ˣˣ
֪˭һ˵Ŀⶼ˴߳һϡ
ǸڷԪİֵĿУ԰λλãĺȻǷƼãڷȴһŮӣΪܣŲǷ޾Ůѵˡ
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ʵ벻ͨʲô˾ܹ÷֮
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֪ұдֵ֧ģҲȻܷչ̶ֳȡ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ұĴﾹȻɴҲ˶Ԫİݸ޵Ĳ²⣬ȴʥǷȥ룬ϾȻǧ򸽽һǿߣȴ޷Щȣ
ʥֵ֧ĻᰲĵϾǧϣ
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Ŵţʱڵջ˲١
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ｻУķƼȴɫЩףֱģ֡
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ԼӵС֣ǵӣδ֮¸֪ףֲȥǵݺû뵽ǾȻһֱ֧ǷҵλйأƼøĸˣ
֪ˣǡ
Ƽͷ漴뵽ȥҵ¶ɵɫԽס
ԭΪԼ׺ͷңǿҲ̫û뵽һУλҶСЩ֪룬ڸ޵ĺڡ
ȻƼȷһЩ˼ȴΪûȥԼľٶڲ˼׸βܹ֮ǰ϶
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Ƽ˵ʵǲǻʲôüͷһԼβ˽⣿
磬ҡҡ
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Խŷӭһ£໥ĹϵʮǢֻôģͲö֪ˡ
Ǻǣӣ
ŷһǣεĵǷǣȶˣҺöԷûָֻܹ
Ŷô£費ҪҰæһǣʵ
ǵƷУҲ˽һЩŷϣҲǿݲ٣ֻȴôӵܡ
òãһС¶ѣ
ŷЦЦΪ˸һЩϷɲҪְ
ɾˣ֮仹˿ˣ°ɣ
ǺǣãЩˣͲˣ
ŷᵹǺӱһڲιŷո²õǣȴǺȻ俴ǣʱɫ˲䣬뵽յıңæƲ񣬵ͷŷߵ˵Щʲôŷһ٣˫в¶ۼһâ
ȳԶһᴦ
ǣף
ŷᣬȫҶ˵һ䣬æͷԹԵĳţһЩ˵ѯʹģֻӦ䡣
գ˿൱ңΪԪİĴڣ˵Ŀⶼʱʱϣ⻹Ҳ⣬УƼãŷӣȴǹƽǺϵĲгƵģ޷ȫסŭ𡭡
ջǽˣڷŵ£ǰμ˾뿪֮ǰǶͼӸѯʹԪİ飬ϧŵϣ˶˿ûй¶
ףţ£
˶뿪󣬷ŷ֡
У
ŷͷ˵Ϸ룬żҺͷһദúܺãڹǧĸִ·棬ҲһΪףӦװɣ
֪ŵͷ
ȻˣҲŤˣ
ŷϣǶǼʲôˣ
ǣ
һ£ԺͷתĪǵֵΪ
룬ȴûκɫı仯ЦŰʲô˼ǿҵĿˣĪʲôط㣿ߴˣ
Ϸ룬ʵСǵȾǸϵģ
ŷûб˼⵽ô£ǺǡһҪл飬Сǵȿ¾ͱסˣ
л
ŷĻʱЩЦ
Ǹлô鷳İɣ
Ű֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡תԵ
ŷüͷ΢壬¶һĨɻǸˣȴǸ֪Ԫİ¶ȻԪİͬλȴûȥ롣
ţЩ鲻ܹе˵ģ
ų˵ǼˣҲǣ˵⻰˼𣿡


451 ΪѣǵĲʣ
ұԺУ֮ǵҲû̾ߡ
ΪŶԴԪİ̬ȣô˿̷ǵŮһֹΨһ㡣
ЩŮ˵̬ҲǼãȫûнǵ˿ЩůůģĪĸж
ںŷ˵һߣŷܿ뿪ȻŵлЩ͵ȴ˵ڵĲŭ
ڷǰұֳʲôһչżҵϴżҿ̱ҷ
ǰ˼ˣ
Ժ̳Ԫİ鹰
ˣҪôתŲţԪİûĵ

ŶʱڨڨһЦԪİʱֵɣңŪúƵģ
ǰ˵Цˣ
ŲҶ˵ʲôæԪİǰȴֻСƨմӰˣֵͬһ㡣
ˣŰ㲻˵ҼƼѾͷô˳СһйɣԪİЦ
ǰӦȥСŮѻؼˣŻͷǰƬ̣
ŶⲻҪ£
ȻڻûãǷͷƼ˱ѾˣͨŮԺӡ
С裬Ƽǰʱֵ
ǣף
Ӧһ첽ԪİǰȥɫΪ
Ƿ֮У˽ˣȻԪİʵݣҲ֪ܹ֮н죬ȫΪǰ֮ˣʶҲ˿ĵ
㣬㰡
Ȼ˶һ¡
Ƽǿɬѣ֪գֺαػᵱֺڡ
˵
һӽסǸ˼λС˵ûǸǸ
飬ô£
Ԫİüͷһ壬ϲȫ䵱ŮԴȻҲӲ޵ķʸʶʱɫȻһЩ
ʦãû£Ц
ʦãû£
ҲԱҡҡͷԪİɫ΢תһЩ
Ԫİû˵ʲôǱߵķȴɫһŷƼ˵˵׷ʲôƼǲ㣿
ףǰƼ֪ˣ
ովķƼͨһٴιڵأһȴ˫ϥŵء
ףҲд
ͬģҲ֮£Žշһж˵˳û˿ͼӴס
ǡˣ
ɫ䣬æǰžžžıǼ⣬ֻû£һǽŵָ
磿
Լ׵ĳƺͷƼøΪɫ䣬Ƽںڸ
ֵܣⶼҹ̲ܽϣ
ǸεĵŮֵҪҪɱ㣡Ҳˣ
Ǻǡûôأ
ЦЦ˵һѣҲ֪ˣ¾͵Ϊֹɣ
ֵܣ⡭
Щ΢̧ͷȵ죬û뵽Ȼ˵Ǹθ
ţˣ
һߵԪİҲ֮ڣȻô˵ˣǾɣĶŮٷƵĴ
лǰлֵˣ
һ׵ұ֤´Σֵ֣ܳԽǵȸϣ
˺ˣ
ЦŽƼ˲˵λҲǲʶ˰ɣ
塭
Ϊźĳƺϵԥһ£ջǾƺʱЦã˵簡Ǹģ壬ǰҸˣ
⡭費ҴӦ
͸İɣŶʮĶѣԪİİ
֣
賯칰˹֣лˣԺõҷĵط˵ڣ
ˣˣ
صһ֣ʱǷƼҲӵĵ磬л㣡Ժһĺõģ
˺ˣˣǾûˣ
ԪİЦɣƼߣûǰĻëѾͷԽˮˣǺǣ
ǰ
Ƽһ죬ӵԪİԱߣԪİǣС֣ȴԵֹɡ
ǰǽԪ̵ôôڸĿˣԪİЦ
Ԫ̡
ԪİĹ£ƼǶеİе
ţŶ
ԪİЦӦһ漴ǰԺǧ̫ţҲҲһ𣿡
㿴ǳСӣͲ֪ʲôнţ
ʦãɾԩˣ
Ԫİ齣ָԼʱɥҵʦãҪǽŵĻô£˵ˣҪҽţøһŰ
Ǻǡ
˻ʱڳ˶һݸ
ԪİЦõĵСӾ治֪ôῴģǡ
һʻţϰɣ
Ԫİ˵ֱ꣬ӷһۣûĵʦ⻰ͷӶ֪˵˶ٴˣզҵƷϲģ˻ĽĽأ
ǵɪɣ
ԪİĵҼסˣԺúõչ飬ҰƤ
֪
Ŷȣ֡
ΪǰĲƴڻȴñԺеոһЩҲʹ÷ƼһֱΪŵ˲١
һĻڷſȴޱ˷ܣԼŮܹõԪİǵӣôδĳɾͱض׵Ҳֻǳˡ

ڷұԺɣصеŷȴɫѿ˼㡣
ڷУ˶߿źǲʵĵףշ˼ǲ׼ȥ𣡡
Ҳ죡
ŷһˮ۳СӱǷƼ˶֪Ǽܹշôӣ򵥣ûȫİգҪ³ç£
ףף
ǵͷȴǺȻ˵ˣ˵Ǽ˻᲻ͽλǸŮйأ
ǸŮˡ
ŷԺԪİݣ뵽зŶĹɫɫԽѿ
Ĭһŷ˵ȷ£ȥһ˵ŲԵ޹ʵĶôǸŮ˿¾ǴзŵĿɽˣ
ɣ
ŷĻǶʱЩȣпɽֻǴôѵģǣǸŮ˿ȥȻƯһЩȴҲֻһͨˣӦòշĿɽɣ
˵׼
ŷҡҡͷѾ˺ܹؼʱǧܳĻֻ·һշķŹǣЩҲǻȥģ
ŷἰЩˣǵɫʱޱȲ԰ףȻǱ뵽ĺסˡ
ˣСǣȻطϢ
ŷһסʱʵڼȥˣ
ǣף
һҡһڵ뿪ˣŷȴǼǣɫٵת˼£漴һǽǰĳֹô˼£ǽ̳һţɭϢӣŷһҧܿУŰŵĹرձʧ˷ڡ


452 ұ͵
գԪİ黹ûнƼΪͽܣΪзŵĴڣԪİ黹ָ˷ͷƼһЩǻǳԭûܰʦȻ࣡
ʱУͷƼ˶һֱԪİߣ˯֮⣬ʱʱ̶̿ڽԪİĽ̵ǼҲץסλᲹԼһЩջ񡭡
գ˵ʱ湫ұ־Ȼ˹˵ʦұ롣
Щ⣬ȴҲûе飬ʱԪİһͬŹұ͵ıȥȻҲˣǻзöˡ
ܿڣںԺм˹ұͣȻұȻ䵭ı飬ֱȴһ˿δԥлԡ
ұ磬лֱ˵
ұ͵ӣԪİ鵱Ц֮˵ˣһ㶼ϹұƢ
ߣ
ԪİԴһ˿ϷʵĻұ͵һԵȻҲֱ˵ˣ
İ飬ομӻԪʢ᣿

ԪİЦŵͷ飬ǴѶµģұ磬Ӧף
Ǽ£
ұһ£ԪİУ̾ҲԣѾʥˣʲô鶼ܹλԪʢ᲻򵥣ȷС޶ܹջ񣿡
Ȼ
Թұ͵ɻԪİԥ˵ǶеĻʲô壿Īǣұ粻ţ
벻йϵ𣿡
ұһ£漴ɫСȥ棬СߣȥڶˣҲûκκô
ȻԪʢ֮󣬾СӰɣ
ұ͵˵СҲίϷΨһͽ
ʦ
ұ͵Ļұ¶˲ɫɹұȴֱӵߵʲôһˣСŮ̬ͽЦСӣҸ㣬вɶϷϷ򶨲㣡
ǣͽʦ̻壡ұʱӦ
ұ硭
ԪİüлҪ˵ɹұȴǲ˵꣬ʱֵˣ֪˵ʲôѾԣֱ˵ɣǷӦ㲻ԸҲǿ
㰡ܲƢҪôֱ
ԪİЦã̾ðɣҴӦˣСӵͷģԼҲ˵ˣҪҰæľֱ˵
ˣɣ
ұͰڰֵСӣȥʰһ£ͺһͬ뿪Ԫʢ֮ҲϷձߣ
ʦҪߣ
ԣұֶʱҪȥĶҪһǸҲþ
ס죡
ұ͵۳Сôһ㳤ûУϲʲôãķȥʰ
ǣʦ
ұֲҷӦһ㳯Լķȥ
漴ܿʰöһͬ뿪ˣֻʣԪİǱߡ
뿪꣬ƼԹұֺܸȤӣյ߹Źֵľ˵ľͷǸʦһֱô𣿺ǷǮƵģ
ľͷ
һƼԹұֵĳƺ켸΢΢һ㶣ұָָԼӣС㣬ں˵
ⲻϻô˵ѵں͹˵ƼһۣľͷδҲ̫ľͷһЩ˰ɣ
ǣҽйұ֣ľͷ
ұͷڨڨ˵ţ治֪ڱڵʱǺδġ
֪ۣ
ƼС°ͣ˵֣ľͷôҽľͷʲô𣿡
ûûУ
û˵ֽ͵ˣʱһǲЦùұָԳ־ɫ
ľͷ㻹ûشҵأʦ˼ңһֱôģƼŰʵ
ǰҶѾϰˣ
ұֵͷ˵ʦ˺ܺõģҸӶԴûʦĻҸڣԷС㣬ʦһЩ
ðɣ֪ˣǹұǰ˰ɣ
ƼûκηȴǶΪȣΨжԷƼʮ˽Ĵ裬ȴɫԳֹ죬ղſʲôȻ˷ƼұһĨӡ
ĪǣԼСþȻԹұ˰⣿
ǸϢȻȥһҪǡ
ԺУұԪİôûߣ
ұ硭
Ԫİԥһ£Ҫ֮ʱұȴִϵ֪˵ʲô˵Ҳı⣡һĪ㲻ȥǱߣͻ᲻ȥô

ұⷬףԪİʱЩͣ漴̾Ҿ֪ӣҶ˵ʲôҲûãұ磬ҪӦһ£
˵
²ΪǧҪ嶯ܷʲô֮סһŻлᣡ
֪˵ǾɣһҪæ
ұѾʼԪİȴŲδߣ
ǵģǲҲҪߣ
ұԥһ£˵СӰæտ㣬Ѿõҵ洫ҵ²Ҳ̳ȥ㡭
˶٣ұһ˫һĨȰżĻҶտһ㣡
羡ܷģ
ԪİͷɫֻҪһһ죬һ֤Сӵȫ⣬ڣСҲȻ£Ǻǡ˵СӸߣ²һȷ飡
Ŷ
ԣұüëһȴΪΣ
Сӵõ˴洫ڶ췽ضŲ׵ĳɾͣȴѾڴ·伣˺ܾõħʦ˵Ƿ䣿ԪİЦ
ħʦ
⻰ұͶʱվɴ˫ۣǼδչֳһĨǰδеļ¾ʶ˺ܳʱԪİ飬ûұ⸱ɫ
ʲôħʦұͼʵ

˵ڹұоâ˸ɲǣԪİּ֪Ļ˵ͻ߼ҾȵǣӡħƵĳɹʾȻߴ߳ɣ
߳ɡ
ұԽˣԪİֵ߳ɣϹʱڣҲǼ亱ģϹʱڵĵһħʦַˣұ뿴·ϱԿӡħƣίʵ棡
Ƭ½ϣȻħʦĴڣһħʦ
ұ֣ҲԱᡣ
죬
֮󣬹ұͲɷ˵ı㳯ȥ˲һâ
⡭
Ԫİ״ʱЩסܿ챾Ⱥŵˣ㱻ұٴν˽ЩŹұǼɫȴȫһͷˮ㲻ô¡
Сӣİ˵ħʦұ۾ʵ
⡭
էԣһ£ڵõԪİʾͷħʦұǡ


453 ַıʼǣͻ߼ħʦ
ħʦʲô
ͷƼ㿴ңģʮֲ⡣ǵȴ֪ħʦĴڡ
ЩסħʦȻùұʧ̬ĪǹұͱҲһħʦɣ
Сӣ
ͷϣұɫһϲȫû˷ϣһק㳯һȥ
է֮Уȴһұ;ȻŲԪʵ
ŹұͲκκ֮⣬Ҳûзܿڵϡ
װʮּ򵥣˴֮⣬ǽһ뷿鼮ȫǣ˽뵽ĺһ㡣
Ȼұȴֱӽ찴ߵϣָϵһݹϵ伮ߴٵСӣ쿴Ķ
Ŷ
һ£漴ֽ伮ոտһ۵ȴɫһ伮û֣½ĸȴ̲ס𾪡
ַʼǣ
ĸ֣ȫסˣ
ַ˭
ϹʱڵĵһħʦҲΪͨ˵ܹ֮ĳɾͣĪĹϵ
˵ַĸʦ
һֱȻǱоħƷһУʱȴܾúһЩħȻܹӡͬЧɲͬԵħ֮ӦĳֲΪ֪ϵܹô޴ã
ֻǣְеĹ˼⣬֮һֱþ޷ͻ߼ħʦҲؼĵط
Сӣ쿴
ұͼЩģ̼ߴٵ
Ŷã
عӦһæСⱾʼǣϤ壬һֻҲ֮ȷϹŵһħʦַ
ʼصģȴ֮ǰڱ̲ؾּʱǲŷӣѾඥ֮У
һħͼ
˼壬ÿӡħƵķγɾЧͼħܼҲַһֶħ֮֮һⷽʽϹʱħʦٵУҲַһ˲ŻħͼĿӡơ
һŽʼºϣһ¾׵ųߵĹұͳⱾʼǴӺεƺף
ǰ֮ʱɺϵõڵںδˣ
ұͳЩһֱڿоɼҵĶ켼ξȴҲ޷ǰ㣡ԣҪһħʦæܹıף

ұ˫Ŀȵӣ컺ʼصģħ֮֮϶ɵһħͼǰԸĻһħƷĵ伮ò¼һݣ
ģ
⻰ұͶʱ۾һȲץ˫磬Ƿݵ伮Ķ죬óҿ
ǣ
һʱӴָнϴεõĵ伮˳ұͺĽץ˹ȥһķɷ˼ҳ֮ȴɫȻ
ôħʦҪ֮ߣ
ұͲýĿӵ伮˻ֿɬ˵ҾȻ޷Īһֻ𣿡
˰ˣ
ұ̾һСӣⱾʼϷ͸ˣ
⡭ðɣǻָô΢
ûʲôõģ
ұͰڰ֣ҲиҪǴӴ뿪󣬰ҿСǷгΪħʦʣԵĻ㾡ǶҵĳŵˣΣ
ģһ
ԥӦұҲ˵ָϵǱַʼ˵ͽȥɣȥİһͬ뿪ϷͲˣ
лСֶǣ
콫ʼպãŹұľһ뿪䣬кԪİһͬȥǹұɫȻܵһУþδ
ãұ͵ĿȻ˼ᶨ˫΢еȭҾͲˣħʦҾ޷֮ұչؼУ

ⶼ˰
̵ԺУҧ촽Ǹ󷨽籣ķ䣬˵裬ְôۣأְ֣
ѾǴӹұ͵ıصˣ
õַ伮֮󣬱ȲҪϸжҪԭоԼħʦȼͻƵ
ץĻһʱҲˣǺڿ¶ˡ
ʱתۼţԪİ鶼Щǡ
ϾǶ֪ħʦͻƵʲôΣҪʲôˣҲ޷ʱȡ
ְû£
ģ뵽֮ĸӦʵ
ûµİ
ͷ˵裬ְˣְҪʲôʱŻ
⡭
ЦѣĲ֪λش
Ҿʱ෿Χ󷨺Ȼһ˿ɶļԪİ۾һĵҪˣ
ৡ
ʱ֮䣬Ŀڣˢˢĳȥÿ˶ڴ
ʧű˿컺ɫƽκβ
ְ֡
Сһ˵컳УſĵЦҳɹˣ
ûȷǳɹˣ
ͨڱʼǵ򣬽⼸ʱħ֮ʱǳɹͻƵ߼ħʦ
ڿʼҲʽ߼ħʦУʮͣϹʱҲǷëǵĴڣ¾ϹŵһħʦַҲûдﵽ̶ֳȣ
Ԫȵʵټ֮ħ֮ϵĳɾͣ첻˵ߣȴҲԿ˵ǰ޹ˣ
磬ϲ㣡
ǰΪһЩҵ޷緶
ȥһ£Ҫˣ
Ϊ˷ף֮Ԫİ˵񣬾ԪʢĿвʮʱ䣬κεˣ
õģʦã֪ˣ
ͷ߼ħʦĳɹͻλԪʢԽģֻҲǷҪ׾Ͼһ¶̫࣬ҲȻعעԲע±޷صľ桭
ˣοɲһˣԼѣ
һʱ仺ȥˮδȴǳ˸ֺСӶΪвˣԵֹɣ
ڶһ磬̸֮һ˱̤˲μӻԪʢĵ·˵Ķȴһˣұ֣
ͷƼҲһģƼ⼸ʱһֱŹұ֣ȻûԵıļ˶ʮֻǹұֹͬľͷһȫԵĲ顭
ջûһǵʵϾһЩҪʲôΣգҿ¾;ˣѾ˵ˣǲμԪʢ֮㻹صǧϡ
뿪ǧ˱ӽ·ڼҲˣеǰȥμʢᣬеĴΪ˿֣Ԫ½ΪλԪʢľжޱ֡


454 粨ܣ
ݳǣͬݳڶݵĵλһľģ
һεĻԪʢҲڶݳھУΪ£ݳѾʮ̨½һóΪľǸǰݳǽó׵һȶĽ
ԪʢᣬԪ½Ӱһʢᣬÿʮһε޿˵Ǹֱķ涼žԵĸִڣνʮг״ԪǴ⡭
һݳڵʱ򣬾ԪʢʽвʱˣҲıѾʼΪȫ½ʢ£ʶ˶ݳṩĵ֮⣬ûر췽
˴ʢĲμѾﵽʷԵߵ㣬ʮ֮࣬Ƕݳ㹻Ļ¶װˣ
ˣԶݳΪķԲ֮ڣҲ˲ٵݾӵأΪݳǽ˲ӵ⡭
ݳƺҪǲݴһЩ
ڣǣһߴһš
Ӧò࣡
˵֮ԻӾ죬Ӧ̫Եʣﲢ࣬ΪлԪʢĻҲôˣڲ˵ΪϵԵʣ϶Ҳв죡
˶ٺǶݵȴҪǿһЩΪƫԵʣһЩϻ벢֮ͬ
ӣԶҲм˽Ⱑ
ĻԪİЦ˵˵Ķһȴˣ߻ϲ̫ĵ֣֮Ҫסһ㣬µ£
ʦ÷ģף
˷׷׵ͷȴֵԿʦãôˣǸòûסĵطɣŶǲҪȥأ
ȥɣ
Ԫİ룬˵סĵطõģĲʲôʱ߶еģ
Ŷȥ
ܿ죬һ˱㰴ΧѾźõָű֮ȥ
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һĻͲǱĺǧʱԽѾЩԼ嶯ΪӱˣЩԾͲǡ
֪ǵݣЦƲƲ죬㻹䣡


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Ѿˣûг״̽ĳλسٻ֮ԨԴ֮ǰҪô纫ǧͣ¶ĵ飬ʱҲҪȥűˡ
Ҫ˸ٻȴȥʲô鷳ĻǲңʫԼԳܵĺ
뿪󣬺ʫֱȥ˺У˺ǧһ뿪úǧޱȷŭȴҲҲʫĻֻǶĳޣصѹĵȻһĻַŭ᳹ױ
磬ʫЩ򵥰
ʫ뿪׷˳ü΢ĵҪҪɴ೹׽鷳
˵֮ʣ˫иֳԵɱ⣡
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˶٣ʦﲻֹһεѹңԺٻȵ˶ҪչˣҲһٵúʫͺ޵˲Ҫң
ԭˣˣðɣֻҪʫ費ǣҲȥ
ţ
ûٶ˵ʲôӵźܿ硣

ڶ죬ǻԪʢǿˡ
ݳӿ˸ط½ŵĿ϶ûУѾòˡ
ԪʢᣬԪ½Ҫ飬ÿʮһΣÿһεʢ϶˲ٸĸ֣󷨵ȵȲһ㡭
ܹڻԪʢϴǶȻޱҫ飬ʹһԾΪȫ½żҲпܡ
ȻԪʢȻÿ˵кܴĻͬҲΪΣգΪʢڼ䣬μӸˣ͵ǩ״̨Ҳû˸Ҷһ䣡
ȥ֮һҪĻôضеԪ½ŭ
ˣڻԪʢǾԼģ
ĺö˰
棬пѣڻУΨΧļѹ˺ɰСӡ

簮컳вŤתС壬ʱʱľСһڣԵİںڵ㷢Цڶ˶׷ײĿ
ʢĿĻһǳش飡
Ԫ½вԪݣݣݣϲݣ򶼳˸ԵĴ˺䶯ǣ˴Ȼʥߡ
вԪݵʥ߱ʦԪİ飬ϢҲڼԪĮ֮̇ʱŷֵġ
ݵʥѧԺԺʥŷ
⣬ݱصĴǺʥߺ
֮⣬ϲݵʥߣ޼ʥ߻켫Լݵʥߣʥ߽
˴ʥߣȻʱ֮һκˣΪ˱ʥߵأϳʱһԪ۷ǿߣҲ޷ǵʵݡ
һʥ֮Ϊص޼ʥ߻켫λʥ߶ܾ˵Ԫ½վ۷ĵһˣ켫ó֮֮ʥԪİǿ֣
ȻԪİȫ淢չģ˵켫ҲҪһЩ
ǣͬΪʥǿߣ໥ҲΪ˽⣬Ҳʲôִ̫
ʥ̨֣ͬûԪʢһʼ뵽ޱҵ״̬ǰӵΪľϣܹһʥݣϧջʧˡ
ʥ߱λԪʢղУڱضᱣ֤ʢĹƽʣ
Ȼʥ֮£ʮλ̨УЩ˾żǿʵֱݳ½ʮ̨Ͼʥֻλôһֱ࣡
ʽҪڵڶ쿪ʼ֮˻ű֮ʱõư˳μӣҲκεңȻΪԼıҲֻϵùˡ
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˼󣬰޻ɫһĵ뺫϶ǺҺʫǰٻȵˣֻǵһЩΪãҪСܵĵطֱԣ


459 ѪʯɵǮ
޻ֻǵڶμ棬޻ֳ⻹Ȼܣһֿ֮ǣСӣһͬóй
˺ܶ࣬Ǹּۻ۵ܵĸ̯λϰϡŹֵкܶܶ඼һμһҲԽΪŮ˵ĹȤ¾СӶ˫ܣ治ѡ
죬Ժȴ˼Űٻȵ飬Ǹʫ裬Բ濴ȥô򵥣ȻΪʦĪˮԵʲٻȽ𣬿ʫҪץźܵ˵鲻ţðٻȶĻһʱ֮仹Ĳ֪ôźá
ʵڲУֻ֪ͨʦˣ
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ȴǴ۾ɨ֪ղŵ׷ʲôǿǵģСӵĴ۾ǿĵııţõС顭
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˵̯һۣܹʯͷϢ˵ҵƽ㣬Σ
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ܿ콫Ʊݵ̯Уűȫӵʯͷ֮
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Ժǻģ
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˸ո뿪̯λ̯׷׳ǴߺţȻ֪Ǹ̯˵ЩʲôȴۼƱǿʲôǵʯͷȫ쵱ɵǮĹӸ
ԴˣʾԼĿЩ̯λɨǺܶ࣬ȴûһܹ۵ģʶЩ˵ĲߺмǰȥЩ˺ǡ
磬ղ˵ʲôѪʯʲôǲʵ
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ʱ֣ǻص˾¥ڣѵıԸ׼˵˻ȥʱպÿԿԡ
ǿź潫طУȲĵ磬ڿ˵˰ɣ


460 󷨺ĳѡϣ
һ֪ģһЦֽ˶§뻳Уڴ£ʱһ죬оһֱֻģȴǲɵ嶼Щ
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ʥ֮£¾ԪǿߣҲûһս֮

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һ˲䣬˵Ŀ⼸ȫϣ֮ɫ


461 󷨺ĳѡ£
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һڶμȴ̭𾪵˵Ұʱ޷߳Ȼô죡˺ȣôôأ
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֮ʱȺһ˫ȴ뿪ķͬǾ죬㾹ȻôǿҺûг嶯룡һӮģ
ܣת㻺뿪˴˴ڳĻȻִᷢ˾Ǻʫ裡
ʫ边ȻҲμ󷨷ıԣҿʮ㣬֮ʵһֻͣǺʫΪ֮µԵʣûκκøУ
ںʫ迴ȻΪҵбôڱйӮɱҲû˶˵һ䣡

תۣѾʱ֣һ̨ϣλԪʢҪıĿ֮һѡ
ʦ˵ʦҪ΢һЩϾʦҪ̫̣ԡ
ԣܹΪʦض֮͵飬ϾʦڻԪ½ϵĵλ̫ˣ¾һʦԪԪǿ߶ӵƽȵĵλ
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ʮ߼ʦܹǬİưƷҩҪ˵ȥĻ¶ȻһԪ½飡
ʦĳѡ󷨲ͬǵִ˴ʱ򣬱Ѿ˶һ̨ϣڷźһٸ¯ӣ¯Աߵϰڷȫһĸֲϡ
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462 ʥ߽ұֵĳѡ
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ֵһ˵ıǰ޻Ҳͨĳѡǰ˼ʶԪ޻ӵ޻Ů֮䴫֪ж˽䵱ˣ
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΢΢һ̣ԶĳĬһмЦ÷ĬͷŭǴʢǹ˼ɵзڱϣ޲̴˳ɱȥˡ


464 ϣŮܱ˶죡
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һ󣬼˫Ŀ⻺ʧ·δֹ


465 󷨸ŷĹ°
ڳ֮ĵڶ֣ҲӵĲпᣬѡվİˣ֮ͨϰˣˣҲֻа˽ľûκεĽҿԣ
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ΪڳбֺǳڵԵʣĸһ̨УͬʱμӵĲǳǰѡġ
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̨ɨˣԵǼסʵǿֻ֮ϵľΥߣȡʸͬʱȡһλԪʢĲʸ񣡡

еĻڶһֱǷɱ
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ʱ䣬һ̨˵Ŀⶼϣһ̨ϵ
ñƣ
찵ЩЦһսţпǶԸϾֻǸĵһĵڶڵĪǻҪ
뵽ȴֺܿһżͣһΣʦȶĵһöˣ
ȻˣҾ͸ɴһЩÿģ
뷨ȶԺͷתܿǾ֮֡ǾŹ
ৡ
˵ĿУкȻʮ죬ԾŹλԪоŰ죬ɢһ̨Χʱ֮һɫƾƶֱӷ˲˵ߣһ̨ϵĿռ䷶ΧʵһƬ
ţʣµ߰챻׵֮Уձǵ˳УԪĹ伤УȻǹâʢ߰໥ӳһ㣬һּΪϢʱչš
⻹꣬ܿжʮ弶ħŮɢһԪӿɢÿһŶޱǿҵĿռ䲨һķֱû뵽ÿһս֮УʱսںΪһһ̨ȾһƬǿհĴڣ財
ԴˣǾŹʽɣ
һʱ䣬һĻΧ˶׷¶ޱȾɫ˻Ŭ˫ۣƺԼһС
λɣ
л߳һƱλϣ΢ЦǺơ
ǳǰĺôֻҪɺϢ֮˽󷨳ɹƳ
ðְְ𣿡һ̨·ǣС֣ʵ
Ȼְأԥĵͷ鶯Ĵ۾Ƕ
Ϊְֻõһ𣿡ѶӣЦ
϶أְģȻǵһϾûбȰְָأ
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊİְְ
ȻС°˵ɰģİְҲģ
һ⻰Ѿ΢΢һ㶣ĪҲ̫һЩɣ
ֻСӵĻȻҲŮﻰֺγϣܹһٶڣ
̨ϣ콫ǾŹ֮˵ɫȴص˼㡭
ʵۿʦĻôĳɹʾͻӣ֮ǰȻһжȻǴʱȴûһգһɫڴʱȻ˼㡭
һߣ̨ϵŷҲ첼ɵͬʱ󷨣һ̨ϵִݲʣ̨ȴԵЩ죬ƺռ䶼ŤһЩ¸ôԶܹоӶ̨ӹ˿˿ɱ
Ȼŷõһɱһ֮Բ⣬µʱе³
ڶ̨λϣŷɨһˣɫޱȹ°ĳȥҲ·оʲôŤͷŷ໥ӣ˵ڰս㣬һļһ𻨲ϱŷսʮ㣡
ߣ
ŷǰȻһ󣬱ͷȥȻ˲ľ룬㻹ע⵽һһĨ
ŷң
üͷһ壬ＫΪ⣬ҺزʶҲûйκνΪʲô
ˣȥˣ˼ҿʥǰӣҿɱȲˣֻҪҲͰˣ򡭡
һЦ漴ע˴ʱ̨ϵϡ
ԼõǾŹžԵģתЩҪҲ£ķҲʶ˿ԵüΪ⣬λϵȻﲻ֪ʱһ裬ôյĺ
һĻ
磬ڱΪε
ôǿҲһڣĪ㻹ˮɣ
ҲķһۣȴС֣ĵؽеְ˧ְֿ
Сӣ
Цãû˵Сסˣѧְֵĳë
ְֲŲأ
ƲƲҪǰְֳĻôÿ϶Ͱְֱ˯֪Ŷ϶ܿͻСܵСˣ


466 󷨵ǿƣ˫˫

ģ˶ٶЩޣܿһԼĪʮһ󣬱첽ȥգۼûʧҲǵһʼˣӮ˲˵Ĺע
ȻȴɫδȻλЦеĺŲ裬ӵ̬쳣ŭ
ʱ䣬ǵһ˳ˣ˲٣ͷ˺ܶ࣬ڸղŽȥ֮ʱڣ˿̵ȴͬ˵Ĺһ㣬ȫһɡ
ܿ죬˱뿪̨˴˴ʦıȶ
һʧܱζ̭Ĺ򣬲ɣ
˵̭ɫȻ࣬ȴѾϵ˾棬н󷨵ɱţ˸޷ȫˡ
ҲһıְɣϾҶμӱģ໥޳ԹҲڵҪСĵز
ղſܹóʮս죬ֳʩչôǲҪͬʱ󣿡
ңһôȥ
ҪЩγп󣡡
ǰ˲ϵظ˼⣬һ۾˸ѣɫΪء
ֹȥ˼ӣһƺԼѾڵһУٳһۺ󣬱ԥĳǰȥ
ȻȻûֵӱ³֣ڸղŵĵһˣӵǱڣ˼ѪڣϢЩȣΪһ̨ϵڶ̭ѡ֡
ĸ
ʱһһĹȥ˱̭ʣ㿴ңģǶЩԥ
ʱĶ̨ϣ˵ȴոɭ䣬ŷ֮ˣûһõģȻûɥʧĶǱȥһ첲̨ϵĵ涼һЩɺѪονǲҲ̶á
ڣŷȴޱǣʣ¼˷ŭĿƺȫ첻κӰ졣
̨ϣͬЩѪȵĳ棬ŷ˵ȴҪһЩǶѾȫעĿŸ󷨣Ϊľܹ֤Լ֮λȡľ
չֻҪܹ̭ʮˣӵнʸ񣬵Ȼֻȡǰˣһ˸ѡȷ֮˽ȫ̭
ƶѡǰΪҲڳѡóɼڣЩҲҶһ䣬ϾλԪʢղпλʥߴˣ֮θӵľޱϡ
תۣһʱȥ֮⣬һ̨Ͷֱ̨˵ڶľˣֱڶ̭ûܹƳŷ󷨣ҲһźͶ̨ԽעĶ󡭡
ŷãӵŷλʥߵֱ֪ŷó󷨣ʶŷܹ֮ʵҲ˵ùȥأ
˳ѡһ֮ͨ⣬ֻڻԪʢῪʼ֮ǰǺܵĳֽѵ˶˽Ҳֹڴˣ
ǺǴʲôǰһ֪Щʵ
Ҫһ㣬쿴ȥ֮ŷһЩڳ˸
磬ܶ緹ûȥԣȻҲΪ졣
ҲζԼĿ֮£쾹ǴĴָó˼ȣһƣһ߿żһߺƣֱ·Σμʲôȶ

ĳԺУʥǰǽϣȴͶӰһķֳ˰˸ĻÿһĻϱڵӸǶȶԿһЩĻжܹĸоЩ̨󷨵ĸϢֳͬһĻһ
һ̨ϵСӲ򵥰
켫ʥ߻켫һЦɨһʥŷЦЦ˵ŷСҪõһЩѶȰɣ
ǺǡˣҵܺΪŷͬЦŻص
Ӵǣʲôʱŷ㶼ʼѧƴһˣ
ԪİЦϷʵҲŻƴѧһʱ䣬ֻϧôҲ޷㾫ͨ治֪׸ô
켫Ϊóı֮֮Ԫİ֮ǿһȻԪİ˵ȫ淢չʲôһЩ켫ȴһֻ֮Уβɱ⣬»
λʥߣʥŷʥԪİ飬켫ʥ߻켫ʥߺԼʥ߽֮Уʥһ䣬һ˸ҽı䣬ʥȴһֹ°һ̽ĵĶԺλʥߵĽ̸ǸûһӦ˵鶼ûб仯һ¡
ӣǸһ̨Сӣɣ켫ʵ
ӣǶԪİһֳƺڻ켫ȫѾ֮֮ĳ̶ȣһ㡯ֿݣʶһֱԪİӵĳƺŶЩֻͬΪʥߵļˣûôֳѣ
켫ԪİһƣԪİ֮Ҳǻ켫Խڣ˿˵ߴʥ֮ߵˣȻҪ֮ǰųΪʥߵʥϧˡ
켫ʻԪİЦŵͷӦ죡
졭ֺе졭
ŷڱһ£漴ȻޡˣĪǾϴζѧԺмѧԺӵƸʦ

ҲãϷ˶죡
ŷףźЦӲ򵥰ʦǺҲƺû˵λΪͽϢ
ǺǡԺͻ֪ˣ
ԪİЦЦ漴Ҫ׼˵ʲôʱǰĻϵһ̨Уɹ̭ʮˣǾŹΪһʦˡ
Сӡûʧ
һĻԪİЦݸĳŷһۡ
ŷȴź룬⣡
ΪѧԺԺΪ˴ʥ֮һ֮ûУʵ
ŷȷҲûԼүүʧɹ֮ʮ֮ҲΪ˵ڶվˣ
ϲŷҲܲ
ԪİЦǱҪһЩ
Ǻǡ
ŷЦҡҡͷԪİϷʲδӦ
˵ģ
Ԫİüһɫ֮ǰһдҶúŷƺе⣬ŷ֪ô£ǰ˵Ӧȫ޽Ŷԣ
Ҳ
ŷɻҡҡͷ˵Ȼһȥ˵룬֮ĹϵǵӦѣǵˣ˵أ
ˣ
ԪİԼλʥ߶ͬʱͷ
ˣɣһεĻԪʢᣬ֮ӵľһЩ
ŷڰ֣ЦЦ󣬳ֻϣǹƵᷢ򡭡
ô˵һʱ֮伸˵ɫȻ࣬һֱûڵĺ뽣ˣ
գһ̺ȻЩѹ֡


467 ȵžž
λʥߵĽ̸һ֪һ̨ȥ֮󣬱Ǽһͬܿ뿪ˣʮӵŷҪǶҲ
һֱŷŷĽ̵³ɳܿ죬Ϊһоû󷨷Ķ֣λԪʢʽԪ½㣬󷨷ĵһıѾĵԤˣ
ֻǣû뵽쾹Ȼͻ𣬲ֱӶΪеĵһڸʱǰʮͨޱ԰ŷһ޴Ĵ
ȴΪԼŷƾĲѣԼһĵһˣ
ߣŷΪѧԺڶѧԱʵϯĳѧԱе֪Ű裬һ޶Ķŷ켫ΪƣҲΪʲôڷŸ;УܹоŷеԵʡ
ŷЩ뷨ȫ֪Ѿ˿ʼסԺȥ
ĳɹͨѾԤ֮Уûκεľϲԣ
磬ղŲôû·ϣǺʵ
˻һԹԵĿż֮⣬˵Ŀⶼ׷ϡ
Ǻǡǧǧ򣬱˵ˣҲ˵ʶһ󷨣
Цŵ֮ΪǾŹ󣬽֮ɣԪ֮Ҳаսסʮӣ
סԪǿʮӡ
⻰黹ãһֱžԵģȴȵ
ǿӣҪʱʱ˵Цˡ
Ҫ֪ԪǿڣϾԪ½ʥǿ߼ΪټһܹΪԪǿߣôҲζ˿ɵʸκһһ¡
Ҷ󷨲Ȥ
Ц磬ҿǸ̨ϵŷҲǿأӦεǿ˰ɣ
һ
ʼ磬ҡͷֺܶ࣬ͬʦʥǿߣҲԲ˵µһȵ˾ͻ֪׶жǿˣ
˶٣ǸŷȷǿϾô˵ʥŷǰӣĿȾ֮µȷӵű˸õ뻷ֻǣǵѻֲ塭
뵽̨ϸоŷĿеĲƣ΢΢һ
ŷǵˣҲʥΪΣĪǾɣ

ݳóڣŻԪʢĲϽУóڵԽԽÿɹɵʤ˵ΪλԪʢᣬݳǴ˸ķ١
󷨸ĵڶ죬һٴγй䣬ܱӵ˳ϵĸּۻóȾޱ֣˶ͼѡԼĶһЩ˱м©˼ϡŹֵĶ
˵ǰһõһƽ򵽼ֵʮҩģϢһ˵ӿһֱҹĻ٣óڵ˼ûмٹ
أ

ţǰıȻײһŮϣûǸŮӱʱŭļҵĺôۣ۾Ϲ˲ɣû𣿡
ҡҲǹģԲ𣡡ĵǸ
ǹģΪ˵Բˣ
ŮȫǵƲˣֵıҪȥץͷȴǳһԾ˿߽ߣһӽ˻С
СѾͷƬӣ㻹Ҷ㣿
ŮӼ״ʱԽŭȣҹµǸȻÿ
ôĿ
ԣȴһɵŭСײ㣬ѾǸˣôôģҵ򿴿ôÿ
ۣԭһӣ
Ůɨһˣ˶۸ǰɣҸǣҽͺǸˣ
ְְ֣֡
黳УСֽץ·ǿģ֡
Сӷģаְڣ۸ģ
ǵԴ漴ŤͷŮȥһĨâҪʲô
ƽ΢΢𣬻һĨߡ
Щ˽ˣ֪ѾŭˣƽеĨаЦҪı־
˵ѱۣ
ǣŮӼģȴΪˣӵĵܼ򵥣ǸŮײ˹̣ҹµǸЩĸ⳥Ҽǧƽ¾ôˣȻǾ͵Źҵıɣ
ĻûʲôҲȷȲСײǧƽ˵ھţһë
Ů˿оȻ˵ŮѾǴۣ
˵ʲôûаЦ
˵Ǽ
ž
ûŮ˵꣬һİȻ֮½ŮȵԭֱתһȦݶֱȵ˼ţѪĭ
ֵ죬Ů˲ֻһڣκηӦûС
˵һ飿ȻаЦֻ˫Խ䡣
ˣȻҴң
ŮǶ񶾵ĹâЩˣҲŹǵģҪɱǣ
ž
ʱ䣬һ⣬γֵ飬ֱϣ⾹ֱӽŮȷףúЩΧ֮˼æɢһЩۼŮڵϣûһ¶κһ֮ɫ
ŮˣǸô
ѱ˵ʲôջҡҡͷ
˰ɱ
ŮڵϣţΧ˸ӲмüֱЦ˳
ƷģûôƷģ
Ҳδ̫ҪһЩ
㣬ղ˵ʲôû˵һ飡컺ǰĵ
ҡҪǶȥɣ
Ů˺Щˣ˵ǱĶȵŭ졣
Ǻǣԣ÷
аЦһ£漴ٴζȳһЩԪȶʱŮ˵
ϱаЦΪƽ

Ůƺȵˣ˵ĿȻȻΪ񶾣ȴֳһĨ־塣
˵ǰɣ㣡
Цһ漴ֻžžžĶʮŮ˵ʱͬͷһ㣬ȫѪĭſݶûʣ¼ˡ
ס֣
ʱһϤΧȺ⴫˽Ⱥֿһ֮ͨʣܴ߰˸˼Ҵҵ룬ŮӲ״ɲǣŭ𡭡
㽫ߣ֪ۣԸ
ǣү
ǰȴǵĵǴ𣿡
һʱ䣬֪ݵ˶ɫ˲䣬Ǽ˵ĶҲ֮һ͡
졭
죬㲻Ҫ̫ˣϴεһû㣬ʹҵŮˣĪΪҺܺ۸


468 ٻ֮ˣʫв
ܣΪݳӶִ֮һĺǧ֮ӣСǳͷβ竵ӣ
֮ǰڱķ粨úܱ񽣳ֶȥһһȣаٻȵʥҩڼ֮ڻָ߰˰ˣٲӰƽкʫľ棬⼸ʱһֱں֮Уû߳벽
죬ԼŮ˳⣬ʵ̲סˣŮ˳
Ǽɲǣ鲻򵥣ʶֻȴԼŮ뿪ĳԹҲֻܵ㡭
ֻȴûиᣡ
˵ȫǺԼģ
ѹŷŭĻȴмƲƲ죬ЦүôĻҾ۸ˣ
㡭
ֲܱмһ˵ģŪŭ뵽ԼĶ֣ܾǿнŭѹȥ죬ν˴ˣǰѾ˴һһȣҲȥ˰ɣҴҵŮǸԲ𣡡
ܾȻͷǸˡ
ΣһʱΧ˽⺫Ը˷׷ײţſĿҲŹ졣
ǵϵŮ˼һĻӾ֣ʹ˲٣ôҲû뵽㺫ܵҲ־桭
ǸǺǡ
һĨ죬ЦܵõүĵǸǸôҰүΪ֮½Ǹܹ𣿡
Ҫôǿŭ˵
ܼ򵥡
ʼ磬ղŮ˾ȻҵŮǼˣŮµǸһ⳥ǧƽ𣬺Ǻǡ˵ô
⻰ܵɫһ
۾˸ԺиͷתһǿƵ죬һԼƽ۰ŮˣЩԥ
٣ҡҡ
Ů˵ĺܻὫԼ촦ãһͷǰԹƽտ϶ʮֶˣһͷôԼû³Ǻõˣ
үҪ㲻ɣЦ
ˣ
һ죬漴Ů˺ȵҹµǸ
٣ҡ
ס죡
Ů˻׼˵ʲôɺȴֱӴϵԺң͸ҹ£
գŮ˲ҷܵĻ׼ȷ˵ǲҡǮȻΪջǹԹԵĳǹȥòźܼˣʹͷǸǷĵǾͲö֪ˣ

ܻʾ˽Ů˴ߣҲδֻȻЦЦźܣúȻһ⣬ͬʱæ죬㻹ʲô
ǰү˴ˣСܶݶˣĪǻҪ˺Ҳɣ
ں£û쿪֮ʱȺٴһǺܵĹùãǧã԰ٻȵĺʫ裡
ںʫߵģмòŮӣһˣޡ
Ůӣȶˣ֣ʱ˷׷׽Ŀϡ
û뵽СҲˣ
쵭ȻһЦĪǺСҵĴʲôĵط𣿡
үоֻʦãûСŮô޾С죬ǰԹ˵
˻һһʹŤͷЦЦ
һæСˣҲѣˣҵǺܸȤС㾹Ȼʦã
Ȼ
ףЦСʦÿݵأʦСͽܣҲʦСʦأ
޵ʦǰٻȶϺʫΪСʦãҲȻǺ޵Сʦˡ
޿еʦ棬ǰٻȵĹл޻
л޻ֺ֣Ϊٻȹƫƫȡ޻֣˵һԭ򣬿ɿ³л޻֪֮
ںʫĳ˺֮ŮǰٻȵĵӣֱΪ㡣ǣҲǺʫͬҲǺ޵ʦá
ùá
ʫĳ֣̹ɵߵߣＫΪš
Ҫ֪һֱںʫǰֵļΪɣֻǺʫΪһҹ̸⼸ʱ䶼麫ܵһУպֵ޶ȴʧ
ɲô˵ܶǺҵΨһѪôҲۿ
Ȼȥ֮ʵʵȥһ£ҪҲôʰ㣡ʫ۳
ǣùãܹԹԵӦ¡
ߣ
ʫ˻֣ɾʱȴĵ
ĻúܸתȥȻһëֱֱϵĸо
ʫԣүлҪ˵

ޱԵСĪ˵飿˵ںСͰٻȵϣҿԲԺܽ׷ǰǧң
ǡ
ʫɫ˲䣬û˵꣬ʱЦŴϵĪǺСΪǺ۸ģ
ѽٺαأ
һۺʫͺֶܹæЦҶл˵˵ˣղǸŮ˲Ѿ¹Ǹôһ²һ¡
ûлӦĶźʫ裬·û޵Ļһ㡣
үҪ֪Сҵֶ
ʫɫһ˵ҺʫȻʲô˲ĴҲ԰ٻȣٲ˵ͰٻԨԴôĪٻΪвɣ
ٻΪУ
ԣȻЦЦ漴ױСðٻвˣ
ѣ
ʫ赭ĵȻүҪΪвҲ޲ɣ֮գСǱˣ
ǺǡôĿҵ뿴ôסģ
һЦɱεķӿʱ·¶½٣ΧΧ֮˸һĽˣȻǱȻɢŨɱסˡ
ǿɱ
ʫһæ󱣻ͬɢƵֿɫ׳
˾ĶŶԷսһ
ס֣
ʱܺȻӺʫ˳ǿֲܿѹҧ˵ҹù޹أ죬ҪɱҾɱɣ
ΪջͲ١
Сܣʲôʫ״ʱ󼱡
ùã
ȴǼᶨҡͷҶ𣬾һе֪ǰˣϧȻѾˣҲΪԼĴǺңȥΣգ
죬ɱҰɣƺ˿ıһˣһ˫ᶨ
Сܡ
ʫ˵жǼٵģźȥô˵һˣʮ˸һҲԲĶ֣
죬ҪǸҶСһëҺʫ췢ģض㲻ݣʫ죬ҧ


469 Ҳ֣ŷԼ
źܵļᶨģҲһЩŹ˼
νӻͷ𲻻˶ı䣬ҲʧΪһ£Ͼ֮¾ɶΪǸŮ˶뺫̫ܲϵ
Ȼźʫǰ㲻ݵвȴ
Сʦã˵ʲôأ
ɫı仯޼æ˵ٲɱ޹ˣһԺɱֵģ
С㣬ɾ˵ˣ
ȻȴֱЦһĴŹܣֻǣľǱ˵вǺǡݣСôĿǲȫС㶼ˣ
Ļ˷׷ɫȻ񽣸Ħ˫ƣ˫ȫǻս⣬ֻҪмܿɴŲܶԷŮ
һʱ䣬ԭΪܸıһЩٴ
ĻʫһĨûڣȴû˿֮ţ죬ҪʹĪһ㲻ɣ
ְүС㲻صģҷһ֮ǽֱնɱڴˣ
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˭Ҳûע⵽һŵĨ
˻еһˣֻԼ׵⡭
ֻϧȻû˻ͬģҲҵͷ˵ֱӵˣСӱ컳б˹ȥֺһͬǰţŮͬһǧֻѼƵĲੲݣϧС޷ֻܳܡ
ں棬ëȻ֮С
񽣺͹ұһЦţ񽣸Цᶼˣͷߣ
ʱ֣˲һʱ˴ظ˼ȻھһֵɲǣȴȻͣס˽Ų𶯣Χж


473 ߳߻ݺؼң
Χж
Ļ˶ʱɫ˲䣬ǶݳڽΪƫƧĽֵܵķݺǵͰһ㵽֮˳룬Ϊʲôжأ
ǰϻȥʱͬߵߣȴûʲôشڣ
Ǿֻ˵һ⣬˹ģ
飬ɲųʲôԺһӰ漴ʵ
ԣȺһЩ
ã㵱ģ
öⷽ棬Ķ֣ʶڵҲֻܽϣϣ
֧ͣŶ
Сཱུ֣ûһ㵣ġ
Сӣ裡ѽУ
Ŷ
СӹԹԵĵͷסСͣʾԼ˵һ仰ģɰľٶѿЦãСӵϲ࡭
Ӻ黺˻鼫ΪɣɣѾûˣ
ʲô߹ȥ쵱ʵ
һЩҩѣֻεãʦ̵ķЩɢˣΪԷһһȺһŽⶾ
˵ţܿжһƿеͬˮĽⶾֱݸˡ
ⶾĪˮƵģԽһЩԼļ򵥶ҩǳʵã
ⶾӦΪģ
ۼ˺ýⶾż˵û´Ļ¶֮˾⸽
һЩҩĿĿ϶ǳģĿ϶ǽǶ֮ж
Ӧһ漴εɢ˲佫Բ֮ڵһ֣ʱĵδӼԶȥ
ܣ
첻мƲƲ죬ͼ˵һʱʱͬһֻýҺ𣬲һʱ䣬Ҫܵ˱ͬһ㱻춪˻
ҲСүǰܣ
Ŵûݣ˵ɣǵҪʲô
ȻشֻݵɫǾһֶû³
ˣǲеģ
ǰ˵ǶǶʦ϶˲ٵĥѰֶθûãɣǰʱоһⶾҩ
Ŷⶾҩ
һ£ЦŽ͵ʦİоģΪ˲μζʦ׼ȴû뵽ЩϣǺǣҲãܹǰЧ
ɣ
ʼ磬΢һЩǰĸѾӡסʵˣҲõĻȥʲôΣա

гһɫƿӣɢżϢ浹Ŀɫʰ쵵Ķ裬ʱһϵĻӣͬǶһ
ۡӺúóأ
Ľʱ⻰ʱͷߣֱСӣ֪ԣⶫܳҪ˵ģ
˼ֻ˵˵ûҪԣ
ƲƲ죬ߺߵְ֣
ⶾΪ߳߻ʦֲִֵֶͬԵĶڳȡںƶɣź㣬˵ĳ嶯ӱϿһЩҩʲô𣡡
΢Цŵһ˷ȥѪҺ֮УԪ޷ƳԪǿ߲֪ƳĿҲǼͣ
߳߻ĽҩҲֻҺʦУж֮óȻⶾĻضӲ³
˵ЩŹֵʵҪ֪õĶͶ棬񲻾ͿɵƳҩ
ô򵥣
۾һЦҡͷ˵֪˶Ͷ棬û´ĻҪ˳һһôóľͲǽҩǶҩˣ԰ɣ飿
˵Ĳ
ЦЩ֮⣬ĴСҲǽ߳߻ƷҹԼǣһҪ໥ǺϣõĽضֻǶҩ
⡭Ҳδ̫һЩ
Щʱ˫Բľ̾˵ⶾҩ񲻾ͽ޽⣿
ʱѣ񽣺͹ұֶ𾪣ʱӡסʵͬһ㵹ڵϵˣֿ־壡
ҲȻ
ü΢ҡͷ˵ʦƣԪǿ߻ܹƾǿԪֵö֮ʮ˽Ļܹж״ֽ̬еԴӶԽʥǿߡܹ˽ⶾһʧĻʥǿ߱ܵӰ졭
ˣ˵Щˣ
˵꣬ЦЦ漴ָᵯĿŶʱӦʱ䶼ûУֻöɲ໥ںϣʱ֮һ˵ĥȫʹ࣬飬һ㣡
ڵϲϵʹţҲ޷֮ǰƽ˫ָϵץţһѪڱץ˳ԵüΪֲ
ĥ˵ֶΣίʵ̫˾һЩ
һζֻӣ
黺˵ÿʱֶᶾһΣʱҲ᲻ӣڶʮӣʮԴƣһֱж֮˱Ӳĥǽ
˻
⻰ʱһ
ܿӹȥ˵ڵϴڴڵĴŴ۾г־塣
㣬ɱǣɱǰɣ޷ĥ˵ÿʱʱ򣬸޲Ͼȥ
ôˣ
һЦǱֵĺãһԸǼʱĽҩô
˶һۣ
һ˼æ˵֪ʲôǶ˵ֻҪĥǾˣ
ã˵ɣ
磬󻰵˵ǰ棬ҪǸѡ

ֱǰιȥ·˵ˣĵһһһ˵˵һ㲻ͬĸȥɣ
ǣǣ˵˵
˼æݺؼ֮ˣǷүķԸҪλץȥģ
ݺؼң
üͷһ壬˵ǸүĪǾǽհǸس壿
ǵģ˼æͷһжүԸģǲ˶ѣΥ
ҵʦؼң
ڱϳؼóöݵĵλʮ⣬Ȼﲻǲݳҵĳ̶ȣȴҲŲСֻΪؼ֮˼ΪգвᶾɱԷݵãȴҲûж˸ǣ
λ˵Ķԣ
СװԴ˵үүĶӣ滹иС㣡С㾭ڼңСÿҲһΣǽʱС伣һ˵ڶݳ߼үŷԸүμӻԪʢᣬҲΪѰҴС㣡
ôǸس˵û˵ץȥҪôԸ˶ٺʵ

ʻɫһ䣬ΨΨŵŵĲҿڡ


474 Ʒĵ
ȥ˰ʱңǻصݾӵԺУھһʺ뿪ˡ
߳߻ûõĽҩ֮ǰĸһǾԲΥǵķԸݺؼ֮Σ
ɱǣȴûнúãҲ쾭˼֮󰲲һӣõĽҲдã
Ϣһ죬ˣ˵ĲЩôŵģ
˵ʼе󷨺ĳôʼҲӦƫƫʦĸȻǰ棬⻹оǹұֱμӵĶʦȻб棬ĪΪ̫ٵԵʣ
һ룬ʦ٣ҲӦñħʦҪһЩɣ
ֻǣôǶλʥ߾ģܹκεĲɣҪμӻԪʢǾͱҪǵĹ죬ʥߴˣ붼
ϴɸѡ뵽Ȼʮ֮࣬˴θ֮ǰ붾ʦһֻѡ˸˽յľ
һ̨ΧۼĹڣɽ˺ݣȴǱһ̨λ˭ڳеĳɼõһأ
УṩĲϣٶƳƷ鵤
ʱĸȴṩκβϣ¯ҲɲѡԼ׼ƵĵҩҲѡаţֻҪøλʥ߽вöȻƵĵҩҲѡԼУռκαˡ
رˣҲͬʱƣʱ
ϾԽƷ׵ĵҩҪѵʱԽѶҲԽߣʦ˵ʱʱ˵ǷǳĶˣһЩʦ϶
Ҳ͸ʦ˼ƣʱ̨ϲμӸʦÿһ˵鶼Ϊء
˹ע֮⣬ȴǽһע˺ʫ޻ϡ
ӳĳɼʫڵ޻ڵߣ˵źܲʵǷͲö֪ˣˣҲһ򵥵ɨһۣδ̫ķϡ
ܿ죬̨еУʽʼˣ
ÿ֮˶óԼ׼ĲϣҲ⡭
׼ƵƷĵż߻ħΣյãƷҩҲڼΪһˣ߼ʦʵĵûʲô⣬鲢׼ʹǶ׼һΪͨ¯
죬㿴Ǳߣ
ĹУѺȻ۾ȴƮһ
ţ
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سµĻضǸԼҲͰˣʱɱɱɺسϾݺؼҡ
취ǣǣ
˸ĺâԺͷȴתѡ
үҪֱðȥСˣ֤κε©վ˵
У
ֱҡͷ̫࣬Լ֣϶ע⣡ؼҵ򵥣Բðգؼһ֪ϢĻ룡
ѵǻǲɣ
񽣺ںƲһɱһɱһ˫ͲˣɶؼܹͰȣ
죡֪ɱ
û̧һ˹ȥǲ̫ģɱǶмѣ񽣣ĪǾͲİ÷İΣ
ɶؼҸҶǶ֣ҪǸҶһëֱӳ嵽ؼȥɱѪɺӣ񽣶ʱɴ˫ۣŭ
ǲͳˣʦûô򵥣£˵һúسκΣգ
ʵڲУҾ˶֣
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ʱһһĹȥΧΧ۵˲ûм٣ԽԽ࣬ȴ޶õר̬ȸˡ
Ϊһ¯ȵԵʣΧռ¶ȶ˲٣һ͵ĺһ㣬Щ˵Ķͷ϶˿˿亹ȴûһ뿪Ͼʦ۵ĳ漫ټɲһ
һʱȥÿʦѾԵĲɣ٣ܹ븴϶ˢӣټ֮û涨žҪĳʧ󣬲ʱʱ޶ˣǷܹǾͲһˡ
ʹõһΪͨ¯֮˶ҪһЩȻ˿Ķȴ˿ˮڿƻ¶ȵʱ򣬸ɣ˿ûκλҡ
ְ֣ɹ𣿡ʵ
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Ȼ
ͷ˵ǶȥþúþأСǶǶˣȥԼأ
Сè
⻰ֱЦãԴһʳԽԽ󣬿ɲСӳԶٶĶʼվûһ㳤治֪Щ׳Խʲôطȥˡ
ʵ˵ģҲûʲôݣϴʧ֮⣬ʱûκμˣʧ֮ʱǺȻϵֻʲôˣ
һ㣬ġ衷ô£Уǡ衷Ѿ켶ˮ׼˵ͻģɸһ֣˼⣡
ȴĪĸо·Ůһ㣬ŨŨĸŮ֮ޱ۰ĸԭ
ְֱ
ոսʱ򣬺Ȼһ̨Ȼһ죬¯¯Ǵ򿪵һŨĵҩζƮ˵ע˹ȥ
һɹģȴ飬Ǻʫ裡
Ʒϻ𵤣
ʫǰƺõĵҩ̨УЦʮ㡣
ϻ𵤵úܼ򵥣ǿ֮ʱٶȣȻΪһܹΪƷҩҲ˵ƵѶȣ
ʫĳɹһӣƳ¯޻Ҳ֮һƵƷԪ鵤һԪ֮˼ٻָԪĵҩԪ֮˷ҲһЧԪǿǾͻûˡ
ְ֣ôû갡
˫ֻĸ첲Ҫأ
ָļأˣĵ
ǰͳˣϰְûиŪߺߣ
˺ˣɹ֮󣬰ְ־Ȼȥ㿾ȣ˰ɣ
̫ÿְÿ
⻰ʱϲЦտ漴ϣĳȥ߶ţ裬ѽ
ĺһ㣬˫ӡٴܿ¯Ϩɲǣ¯ǺȻ򿪣һ֮֮ǰŨĵӣ˶ٴνĿ⳯˹ȥ
ȴûκ˷ܣҩƿߵ̨ǰĵƷĵ


475 ʥߵ𾪣ټس壡
СͲ֮û
̨Ʒĵɲǣʱ۾¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʱ׼ȷ˵һʱɹƳƷҩʲôʵǰŮôᣬôôҲ˸߳ʵʦ
ôʲôôüһʵ
ûûУ
̨вκԴ󣬼æ˵С㣬Ѿ¼ˣȻȥȺ֪ͨ
õģ鷳ˣ
ͷİ˸Ҫλʥߵ飬󷨺Ͷʦǰܹ
ת뿪ıӰ̨вп֣ʵ֮˾òôѵð
裬갡Ҫˣߵǰҧ촽Сӣ˵
ˣͻȥְָ㿾ȣЦֳѵͷʾ⡣
ۺۣͻȥɣ
ߣ
һ˳ȥͶʦʵΧ֮˲СҪ뿪Ⱥÿһ·˸ޱȥ
ȻУܹоسעӣ֣ҪƵ̫ĲֱɱԣĪǻ˺ؼҲɣ
ĲһеĴһ˭˭ӮһأؼöΣʦĪˮűˮɲĳƺţؼܹȣ
תۣܿʱ޶ʱȥɹȻЦݣʧһȻȴҲҶ˵ʲô˭֪λԪʢĲǿλʥߴ˰
ԪİλʥڵԺУ̨нгɹߵĵҩ͵֮ʱλʥ߱㿪ʼϸϸʻΣûһи
ס飬ҲǸһİɣƵƷĵŷԪİʵ

Ԫİ΢Цŵͷ̨ϵǶһı֣⣡
ƷĵƷױ뵽ľˣ
ŷͷ˵Ǻˣǵһ
ǣˣ
İɣ
λʥǰһʱʱ䣬İ˶ѡ˳֮⣬ʫ޻ȻڣϾλԪʢᲢûκƣȻһЩ˼żʦμӣԴС
ȥɣ
ѡ֮ŷػ˻֣Ȼ˲óڵҩź⣬ʶѡҲһܹڣǰ˵·д˸ҩԣҲһֶʦ˵ļ
ȵȣ
ԪİȻĵң˵˱ǣ
ǣˣ
ĵԪİУ̨뿪ŷȴǴ˹˵ӣôˣ
ŷ㿴ĵкβͬԪİ΢Ц
ͬ
ʱŷߵĻ켫Լ˶˹
ĵ
һ۲󣬻켫˫ۣôоһƷҩϢ
ڵҩ˵һƷڵͼΪм߰˾Ǹ߼һ˵мҩ߼ҩž޴Ĳܴ࣬ķмҩ޷߼ҩȣ
ɣƷĵȻƷҩĸо
ֱ˼𾪡
ղҾоʱȷ
Ԫİף漴̾ˮûƭң֮ȷڳ˵츳
СŮޣʲôˣŷʵ
֮ǰǻǵðɣ
ԪİЦδޣֱ˵Ҳԣ֮ȱֻһѣ
졭顭
һ֮ų˵ʣһöҲˣֱҾˣŷ̾ǲݺʱ˲ţҾһ㶼֪飡
˵ˣҾǵʦãҲܳԾ
ˣٶ߼ʦ˼
ŷ˵ɫ˲һݡ
ǰ˼ʦôĳɾͱؽڰ˴ʥУûһʥȻʦ٣ܹΪмʦȴٲһΪ߼Ƿëǣڵʥƺǧûһ
һʱ䣬Ⲣ̫ķУλʥ߶׷׳ĬһԪİеĵþ

ۡúóŶְóԿ
裬̣ҲŶ
壬壬İְ֣Ƕһ԰ɣ
ͬԺгŻЦ
СӸһһֻȵţСգԶٶȴ˿治֪ôһСѾͷôԵȥôණġ
ˡ
ʱһ𣬿ûȥţԺű㱻ֱ˿Ӱ룬Ϊ׵ĺȻǺس塣
С㣬ºҰسЦе߹˵Ǽ˵ɫȴ˲˲١
ⲻ֮ͣ˿ûһԾ˼
سֱһԹԵĳţӺﶼһ㡣
˼ﲻӭ㣬뿪
α˾ǧ֮أ
س̰ɨһ鰼͹µģЦռСı֣´۽磡СԸĻܹṩһϹŵԼƵҩĸֲϣ
ûȤԥľܾ˵һ飬뿪
С㿴
س˫һâЦݲĻҺسҪ黹ûвɹģС㣬Ҿֱӿżɽˣ㵽Ҫʲôܸң

ɫ˹ֱӺȵ
Сӣʲô
سɫһЦû˵עһ㣡ȫʬ
һԣ
ԣȴֱЦΪؼҺ˲ôĪǣԪ½ǺؼҵĲɣ
СӣòҪŭң
س죬ɱʮ㣬ҧȻʱ׼ɱˣؾɱֲݵҰСӣҲ˹ģ㲻ԣ
ǰ죬سȷȥһղ鵽ȴǱϵһЩϢ˵캣аˣ쵽źʵس嶼û
ܹȷϵһ㣬
Ȼںسĺؼү˵ֻһµطѣ
ռԽǿңʶڽ֮ȲգвֶͶĻȻһ˶ѣҲԸǾٺҲˡ
Ȼسȴû뵽ֻһҰСӵ죬Ȼô˵
˵һ飬
Ķźس壬˫΢еĵٲĻҾͲˣ


476 س֮
̬ȣúسŭʢһҰСӲ֪ʲô˳˼ѧԺĵʦòŮ棬úسڷŭ֮޵ļʣ
죬㡭
س۾Щ죬Ķ졣


Ȼȴ·ûһ㣬ԹԵĿʼ

س˫һ˫ּٻ裬һѸٵӣʱкһճϢŻ
ãж
鵱ɫ˲ľڳ˺ԥΧγһԪ֣ѸͽСӱ˻С

سЦѣģŵ˼㡣
ɱ㣡
ŭһƹ
񽣣ס֣
סҪسȥĿ񽣣ָᵯ伸Žⶾֱɵÿϣ˵ʲô˱̽ⶾιȻ֪ǷֵܹסسĶҲе㱣ϡ
Ӧܿ죬Ϊֵܹ˱ٵĶ𣿡
سЦС㣬֪öܲǺؼöң¶Ǿ綾ԪֱԼԪľһ̣ⶾԸԪԺӶҵĶȫ֣ʶȤһ㣡
˶٣ĿУسԸӽԺ˱ү˵үһ˿ԷŹǣŶˣǸ˶Ҳɣүһúõ۰ǵģ
˵棬سſЦݣһ˫۸εӹ޾̰ࡣ
ⶾȻ򵥣
оԼԪ־Ȼбʴļ󣬲ɵɫһֻسŻ֮ʣǱһﾹȻ˹вԼŮˣֱǻĲͷˡ
س壡
ڣŲţ㶾֮ǰҿ֮أ
㶯
вسȴЦֱүû㣬ֻҪҶҵĶ̽壬ʱ㶾ʥҲԾȲ㣡
磬Ҷ
鼱æ˵ûթ㣬ⶾȷ򵥣
С㻹ˣԣسЦС㣬λ˶ǿǵôˣղСӸʱ䣬ҲǻĻͱֱүˣ
һ
س忪ʼ֮ʱȻһǱŮȻ𣬡۸Ұְֺ裬
裡
ʱԪֱеۿɼٶȼٳգۼһˣһޱģȴֳɱŮˣܳʹâͬŮٷƫƫŮı˪ɱȻ
ʲô
سߵ˾ˣ˭Ҳû뵽˱仯
¾ϴвԪݳ֮ʱŮֱͬסڵһμĹұ֣ŬĲԼ˫ۣôҲһŮӣ仯ɡ
ʲôһĻ󼱡
һ裬һ辪أ
һ궯һҲ񷣡
ƮƮ֣˲䣬趯ʹ⻪˸ѣԺȫγһޱΨĻ
ʱͿ֮⣬Ǽ˶׷¶һ־ҳ֮ɫ궼ܵӰ죬˫޷԰Ρ
ۡ
ֻ£سȻһѪɫޱȲ԰ףѪɫɼˣǼһȻޱȳԵ׼ȷ˵ű˵
˵ʱسһ񣬾Ȼֻгṵ̂â⻹һμǼһ顣
ȴûҪʹ˷ŹĲ趯سԽҡΣɫԽ԰ףؿƤĸѪܡ
۸ְߣ
·һ˲ַ·ǧ֮ãһУǺسȻأȻʧȥȻһʬ壡
ˣ
״ЩЦãŪƻ֪ɱس壬ȴʲôȥˡ
ɱسֽ֮˸سҹﱻ߳߻ϣ
ס֣Űְֻã״켱æ
Ļãͷ׵赸ʹâ𽥼Ҳָܿ˱Сӻһû컳УЦְְ֣֡
ȴڱЦССԽԽˣҲǰ˲٣
Сӡ
ЦãСҲǻָ
õأ
ЦŵԴּһʹâɳ˴ӳлѡ
磬ղϴΡ֮ȴǲɵʵ
ǺǡҲҪҵô£ԼҲ֪ǿԽ䵱ıܼܰɣǵı࣡Ц˵Ҳϵ˼ȥ뷨
سˣ
֣ԸղŵĳЩӡҲ赸ȴȫ벻سųЦݵģĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
үү
ʱǺسȴǾʧ롣
ǷүǰݲμӻԪʢᣬɻûȶʦʼԼү˺ʬ壬ǻȥ֮νһʱ䣬㿴ңģɫԵúǱߡ
ȻʱԺĴű˿Ԫİ鼱ҴҵĴ첽룬׼˵ʲôԺڵŪ΢΢һĵ飬ôˣСʲôˣ
ʦ
ʦã
Ԫİ鵽ӭȥѺܿ콫齲һ飬Ԫİʱһжûа
ģôûˣҲһ
֪ˣģ
һתǲ㣿
ǰ
Сӵ˵ԴԲ׼κ۸ְ֣˭Ҳأ
ݺؼҡ
Ԫİüͷһ壬ʲôȥʬ崦һ£Ҫκκۼǽ˵
ã
Ҳ˵캣ɱ֯ۼҲǵӦ֣ʱسʬ㻯һ̯ŧˮ޺سˡ
һĻ˿ĵսľΨȻ֡
ĸʵţ
ɨһˣ漴߽ڡ
ְ֡
һͶ컳УҲСʦã֪˵ʲôɱѾɱˣҲûˣݺؼңǸʲô
㰡
ⷬףԪİЦõָָ죬Ҳû˵Ҫ㣡Ѷ˵˸ղŵ飬ǺسȷԼҲֲˣڸȤԪȻ赸ȴû뵽أ
ʦãʵҲ֪ô£
ЦҡͷͱˣȸҽǸؼҰɣ


477 ֮˵
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컰֮Ҳ֮˵Ǻؼֺܹسְ࣬϶Ҳʲôöö伫Ҳʲô˼Ұɣ
ǰааɣҾͺ˵˵
Ԫİεҡҡͷ漴ɫѶ˵Ĳؼҵȷʲôöνа֣֮֮ΪǺؼҵķʷǲ˵ʬȥģ
ؼҷҲʱ䣬ȴΪڵһ壬ȻʥߣԪ֮ҲֻˣóöĻʮֹأ˲޶ԸȥǣߣؼʮҲ࣬ЩŲҰ֪Ϊ޷յȷʵ֤ݣҲûȥʰǣ
س壬ǺؼҶӣΪܵӣȴһԵӵܣڵֱҲ̶ã
س֮ϻһ㣬˭Ҳ֪һֱºؼ֮˶С֪Ҳ࣡
֮⣬ؼƺڽĳصо⻹ݵĽ˵
һ£ʦã˵Īǰʥ߽ǰ
Ǹһ
Ԫİͷؼ֮ʮ֮ΪǸоݽ˵һоɹؼұܹưݵʵԪ½
ʲô
˻һ˷׷֣¾󺺶ɵõɴ˫ۡ
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ҡҡͷ˵һʥҲ㲻ʲôϼ֮ϧа˴ʥߣÿ϶ԼصʵǺؼӵʥߣҲȻưԵĿģԣԲ˵ô򵥣
ϼһǱؼҼΣһһЩĵط˵Ӧ붾йأ

һĪöҩݵĸҲδ̫쿪˰ɣ
ʦã֪֪ؼо֮ʱЩҩȻʵЩ뵽ʲô
ĲǺʵĻ껨ݡľͲ֪ˣԪİص
ʲôݣ
鶸Ȼվʦãȷݣ
һٶ˲֣Ǻɵ飬ôˣô˾ȣĪʲôô
ǽϼһ̽׼ȷϢʮ֮˾ŲдԪİͷ
ؼңĸ
ص³һɱȻ
ȴֵĵ飬ݵô£ΪʲôȻ˼
磬㻹ǵá춾ô鷴ʵ
Ȼǵã롶춾ʲôϵܲ⡣
Ԫİȴ˵ġ춾ѵϹŶʥŷġ춾
Ǹ
Ԫİͷ漴˫кâ˸ĻԵ춾һҳһֽܣǹڶ˵ģ
ˣ
㿴ңľʮֲ⣬ȻԪİ΢֮ȴɫ䣬𾪵飬˵ĪǶһ˵Ķˣ
һˣ
ǺεŵĻڳ𾪡

ٴףݱƶ˱رϣ֪ҲֻôһֹܣԶ˵꣬ȫԼֻ˵ķԸңݵľ綾ܹöһĶأ붾ں֮γһԶԶԶ˵;й
ʦἰݣһһʱ֮벻
ɫѿĻ˵һ̵ּķ˵ԣϹʱڣҲûиȥƣضܵ˵ȫȻһƳɹΪһֻ֪ɱ¾Ļ⣬Ҫ˳ڱ֤䱾һеĶԣҪÿʳѪҺԿԣ
ĺؼң
ԪİһߵľŭȥǼϼһؼһҪ򶨻Ԫ½Σѣ
˵ţԪİ鼱Ҵҵıˣ˶޷
ȴһŵ˼㣬Ŀ־塣
Ƕҽ
һ˻ǺôĵӰȻúس¶
үҲû취
ǰүԼһУҪ֪ͨѾˣ
Ĳǹģǰɣ
˽ģ쵱ȵס죡
һ̱죬Ψһŭ֮ĽǸɱˡ
˵ǱֵĺãԸǽҩ
쵭ĵڻˣǻȥȺҵķԸ⣬سӦ֪ôܵİɣ
֪֪
˽ͷһ˼æүԼȥûСǣʧˣСұ˸ҲҲֻܻȥȣ
ԣ
Ħ°͵ͷ⼸ȲҪȥǾסĵطţһʱٻǹڻȥؼ֮飬ҵʱҲǽģ
ǣү
ˣɣ
ڰ֣ʱһæųȥһҡ

ҹԪİˣĵһۣɫؼҵѾϼһ˵ˣǾλԪʢ֮ȥһݣ
ǴҪ˺ؼ𣿡
ʵȴΪ𺧣һؼҾȻܹʥһ棬㱻ҲǱȻˡ

Ԫİ鵹Ҳû׵̫֮ˣδţ˲һݵϣջȷ˵ؼʮ֮˾žƶˣ
ɱس֮£طϣؼһȻҲ᲻֮Ԫİ˵
ˣ
ͷûȥʲôɱģɱôûУ
⻹м¡
ԪİسĸˣôΪԷһҿɱˣ
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컺˵˵˳ԪİʱһЦû뵽ҲײˣĪ׼Ըس壿
ǰǼһҵŮˣô
Ҳϵ˵ԭһ취Ϣȴû뵽Լʦãҽ˽ãϾؼݵܹΪӦĻһЩ˵أ
Ͱ˵İɣ
Ԫİڰ֣ˣʱ䲻ˣȥϢɣסԹȥ
һȥɣ
ЦڵĻҲ÷ԸһЩ
ˡҲã߰ɣ
ߣ
ܿ죬ԪİһͬȥڵĵطķԸΪ˱κεΥ˵ֻǸس壬ﲻʶҲֻвһҪĻ󣬱뿪ˡ


478 ı
ٹ󷨾ĿʼҲû̫ĵģҲȥʱţʶڵڶʱУٴѼ֣ȻСǿ϶ȱ˵ģڿ빫ұʱһԽԽϤվԼȥȶúõؽ
ʱڶݳڵĳ¥УȴһһŮһżڣ͸ԿֵϵһУ˳ϻǰΪ̫ӵԵʣ쾹ûзĿǡ
ڴϣŮӼΪĵ˻Уϣһ˫۾ȴ˸ĺâ
ŮӲǱˣǰٻȵ
أȴǷҴүĬ
û֪֮ĹϵǰٻȺʫ裬߷ҷҲ
Ĭ磬㲻һֱҪɱ챨ô˼ҿǺȻ뵽һð취أڷĬĻУǽĵŤתһӣ
а취
ĬԣԭߵʱͣͣĵطȻı˫壬Ů˶ʱһ̣ɵס˷Ĭļͦżеոҡ
˼а취أ
ף϶ȴʱʱ÷Ĭɵ³һܵ˵ֻҪܹ𣬴Ӧһ
ģ۾һ
ĬԥĵͷȻҷĬ˵㻰ҸֻôһӣѾδķҼˣ˵𣿡
˼ҵȻǾĬ
ｿһЦͷſ˺촽÷Ĭʱһˬ
һ̧ͷǴɨһ۷ĬĬ룬Ǽһ۰˭
˭Ů𣿡
ĬƲƲ죬˵ǸĻĺƯ
Ĭ磬㻵
ﲻ콿˼Ҷˣ㻹˼ǰŮˣ

ԣĬһЦʲôװҲֻ˵˵ѣ۰Ůˣ

ԣǸжּҶţֻ˭ҲûпһĨЦ
Ĭ硭
һղֻ˵һŶǸȷŮˣҲ۰ɱǱ̲ĴСأóöɲôöԸģ
ĪǣָǽǸСŮĬ۾һĵ
̡Ĭ磬ֻˣ
һ̣ץס˷Ĭҵ֣һż˵ľǸСŮĸαأ治֪ĶôŮһԿ϶ֻҪǽǸСŮУԻͶʱ˵׼ɱԥأ

ĻĬȻһͣ漴ܿļ˶ԽԽأһ˫ӸǷŨŨɡ
Ĭ磬ҪҪ
ãøúõã
ѽĬ磬û
˲Ů˲øۣ
ʱ䣬żһҵҵǸЧܺãᴫȥ
һлŮ֮ڷĬУȫǳ죬ᴭĬ磬̫ǿˣð㿩

Ǹֻβ˷ܣ
ĬסϸЦҵĺãҼ˵˵ļƻԺӵ۰

ｿһ漴ŤһſڷĬϣ˵Щʲô÷Ĭ۾ԽԽǼٴα˶֮ٴż
ıˣֻȴȫ֪飬ڶݳйء
ȷֻڳڹ̵ֵģϧ̫ˣڽϼȥվһ飬˾ȥߣݳǸķ羰ҲܶҪûгֱȼӵ
ΪشԵʣֲ붫źܴ𣬵ȴò˵һʤС
ʱ֣ԷûлسǣһҰ͵Ŀ֣СӸǻЦﲻϣǶ۰
磬ɩӣô
ոճԹãüδԱ˹Ϊ׵ľȻ˾
ôˣ
Ȼһﲻ޹ʲô
磬ùϲң
˾ǰӵһ£Ц޹һСӣ
ģҪϲˣ
֮Ҳܿģ漴üôߣ޹˺ӣ㲻
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˾Цҡҡͷ˵ҽӵ˷׵ϢǸѾˣ涼֪ҵ飬ҵϴκڤ֮󣬷׵ƿ˼潫һȻŭ֮ҪץһȥɳǷ׵ĸΪ˱޹òʱ뿪
޹ĸѾӴռˣҲʲôΣգŶˣֵܺѾҶӵĸɵ͸裡ٺ٣չ޹ĸӣҲܹĵĻȥ
˾ĻټϺεЦݣҲ֮ȭϴ˴ЦСѾΪ˸ˣԺҪһЩҪǸҶԲ޹ӺֶһʰСӣ
ٺ١ģ֪˾ԥ˵
ˣ˵ô࣬Сӻû˵ʲô
ʵ˾ռƺ߰ɣ
ǵģ˵Ҹˣ
˾ɫһĵǴ粻ôѾ˷ˣ׺֪ӺδõһϹŵָܹģŴߵóͼѰϣ
˵Ŀ̵Աߣ۾һĵ
ףɩ̵֪
ԣ˾һ£漴һԼͷ˵ôˣɩأ
ˣŪˣ
ûóһشɩӵĻ
ţ̵
˾ڨڨһЦæ˵Ҹײ֪Ӻδõֵɲ̫ˣⲻҾ͹ˣ

˾⻰ʱЦҿСӲæҵİɣ
ٺ١࣡
죬˾Ҳû˿˾֪춨Ȼ캣ĹϵҲ͸û
̵ôƵģ֮֮ǰƵԪ
̵ĺ٣Ҫֻ֣ҲǼֵ𣬼㲻ټҪܿȴڳ˵Σ
ɩӣңĵʲô˾Ҳֱʵ
Ҳûʲôģ
ʼ磬˵ķֱǷѪݣѪԼҶ
ÿһֶǼ亱ԷѪΪ
˫ĿļóЩһ飬˵ֲˣҲû٣㸸Ҫ̵Ĳϣǲܵģ


479 󷨾ʼ
ѪݣѪ٣Ҷ
Ļڵļ˶΢΢һȻǶҩĵΪİ
˾ֵĵĪ̵Ĳ϶֪
һĲ֪
˾ҡͷЦԴӵõ̵ĵ֮һֱûʾˣҲֻиһ֪ţӦǶɣļйܰɣ
˵Ż˾ɫЩεĵ׶ڱչأǷ׵ڼеλ㲻ĻҲ޷֪ʵߡ

ûжԣ˾״ڼȻΪ˾ն٣ʵϵĵλȴȫ޷νĴ˾ȣ˵˾ˣĵλԶ
ټ֮˾һֱװ˾Եӵܣڵÿ˶֪ȻʵҲ˾һԱʽ˵ĻҲڡ
ûж˻뵽ʵ˾棬Ѿ˴˾ϧ˾ĵλôɺ
ڴô죿ʵ
ס죬Ҵ˲ֹЩˣѾɢǡ
˾û˵̫кҲʱף˾ԣȷԸ˾Ϊ˾ռļ̳ˡ
Ȼˣɴȫڳɢǰɣ˵
磬᲻ɩӴ鷳
˾ԥҪǱҸ׷֣¡
ˣСʲôʱôŮҼҵˣ
û˾˵ֱ꣬Ӱִϵݳô࣬ҪҲô׵ģ˵һһ٣ңһʲô飬ҸôýˣѾΪ˸ɲǰô嶯
ðɣǾͶлˣ
˾ԥһ»ǵͷӦ漴תʮ˷ԸһǸɢǣռϢҪǰ潫Щõ֣ȻҪڴ˵óЩϵ¡
˾ķԸЩȻκ顣
ܿһʱôȥǵһֶһ˾һҲûеݣ˵֮⣬϶񽣺͹ұһ˺ܿϤ

תȥ󷨾ӵˡ
գƣڶݳһ޴ľıΧˣÿĿվеĳأʮ֮࡭
Ǵʱ⾺ڣȴʮˣλ֮Ⱥ͹˷ˣھϯ̨ϣȴŵλ˿λõĿⶼԵޱȻ硭
ȻλþǸΪղеλʥǰ׼ģ
λʦڿ𾴵λʥߴ
һ̨е˵Ŀˢˢĳǿŵλȥ
գۼ䣬ԭŵλӰǾֱ˲ƶ
Ҹҽһ¡
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Զݵʥŷˣ
ϲݵ켫ʥ߻켫ˣ
ݵİʥ߽ˣ
Աݵĺʥߺˣ
ԼһλҲλʥߴΨһŮǰвԪݵİʥԪİˣ
֮ǰĻʽʱԪڲݣʱλʥ߾ԱĿ֣ŲеһǷֱ𵭵ͷӭڳʮˢˢν캳أ
ʣʲôܹͬʱλʥߴһ֣
˵һˣڳʮУһλʥߵ˶ָȻ⡣
λͨѡ볡
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ͷȻ֪ŷ֮Լܹ˿϶汾µģ󷨵ıƴпܻ֮˵ǶǼٵġ
ͣ
ѣ񽣣ұԼԳ˵˾׷صͷǻСȭͷĵְְּͣԶģ

ЦһϰһڣɫһĻ̨Χ˫Ŀϣ󷨳͸ǵһˣȻİ
ȻҪһЩŷԼŪǷ꣬˲֪˲
˽ŷݵˣȻ̫죬Ͼ˭ŷλʥóı֮أ
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ǵԼܹȽУӶ̭һĻǶ˵ҲһõĻᣡ
Ĺܼ򵥣ֻʹУ
̨˫ָ֮⣬ûйǶѾǩ״Ըھʼ
˵̨꣬б㻺һȥǰˡ
ŷ˵Ӻȣ˭ӮĻ󣿡Ԫİ΢Цʵ
Ԫλʥ֮⣬ǾĹҲ
˭֪أ
ŷЦЦԵҿ϶ϣӮϣŮǸСţ֮ǰ͸û¶ʵ°ɣŶˣΪΣ
ȻʻԪİλʥ߶һ¡
ѺƣཻԵȴǺ֣Ԫİ˼һɫ
Ůңŷʵ
ң
ԪİȻֲһֱӶе⣡ҵȷΪԵʱ𣬵ԭĻ
˵ԪİȻϵ촽΢ӣʹô
Ӻ󣬲ŷԼ켫˶׷ɫ䣬켫ֱȻ˵ĿģѪ󷨡Ȼ˼䣿
ƴ磬˵ѻԪİѾˣδ򶨻ֻţҼǡѪ󷨡ʶŻᱻ𣡡
ԭˣ˹ƻ˰
ŷƽĵͷ˫ȴǿһâ
˹ƻ󣿡
Ԫİһ漴ȻˣĬǺѧԺаɣ

ŷͷʮǰǷһ飬ǰҵҰæǻ飬û취ֻ֮ͬҵѧԺֻû뵽Ѫ󷨡
Ȼˣ㻹ȥͷСһ˵ɲΪභԪİ鼱æ
Ǻǣ
ŷЦЦڣǾҪΣҲܣֱӰг־ˣҲý˻ῴӵʵ£ʵҶǸֶǺĽ
ϼһ
Ԫİԣʱûķһۣŷҿɸ㣬ɲ򵥣Ҫһ⣬Ҳеˣ


480 ϣ˵ǿƣ
ڣռ˰˸ͬķ򣬵컹ŷܹԵĸо˵ǿս⡭
һֱڳ͸ֻǶռоԵƣ˵˾ҪһЩ
ܹǶȥһôǵĻ
ܹߵһÿ˶Ǳ
˵ѾĴЭ顣
ৡ
ţֱΧһԲȦŷΧ
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죡
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֮ǧӲһ񣬾˵»ֱɲ»֮Ͽֱָ񷣬ܴƻȪνǿ
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ʱɫ˲䣬ԥ󷨵ֵڶʱһľսĿֲ籩
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ǲ־ܣ
ϣĪǾͲô
һʱ䣬ŷ˵Ϲ˷ֳ飬ԥҲ໥һǿΪ󷨹ʹʱڸֹâ˸ѣýϽĹǸǾһ۵ĺ粻ϹιæתԪеֵ
ͷЩϧ˰
ϯ̨ϣԪİЦŷСһһֱԸʮֵĹ°ôĬĻأ
Ϊһֱչûо̫ĳţû취õ
ŷ˫΢еĻĬˣӦǵõϼһʾӽģѧԱвѣټ̫֮ùĶǣǱһˣ
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ȻⲢֻ꣬˵Ŀʼ
ľŹ콣ŷǧڴʱչŹΧôϣôǸԵ󷨹ʹȴʼûܹƵŷ󷨣ܵ˲С𵴡
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Ȼˣȴ޷ŶԷ
ָ£ǵ𵽵øھŹ콣УԭֵֵȻת˸սŷǧԸʤһ
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˸овʱɫ˲䣬æԥĳˣͬʱԸԪΪٵں˵·ϻһ󷨹켣ȻЩҲȫ޷ŷĹ

ģһذϱУֻһֱ֮Уһ˲ܵӿôܵػüѪ˳ĵأɫ԰ֽ亹ֱ
ȻδôȥĻĲܻ뿪ˡ
սˣȫûһ־Ԯ˼˵Ǹûᣡ
ҲŬ˰
ŷߵΣǻһĨаЦӡٴǾŵâʱܵʲô̼һ㣬ķӿмٳת˲Ϊ˾űʮ׳ľ޴âŵγһϵںХӹ
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뿪ıӰܿ콫߷Ȼڲϵֵŷǧϣ΢΢𻮳һߵЦŷ֣費ҪҰæ


481 նԾ
գŷûְæԸЦУֱӼӴǧĹƣǻ֧ŵ˽ܣټ֮֮ǰ˵صڣҲ֮ܿ볡
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ԭϵǣѾվսѱ˶֣໥Ҳ֮Ȼ˲١
ŷ֣ھʣˣô֣ʮվ쵭Ц

ŷҡҡͷ˫΢е˵֣иһ
ǹҵģ
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Цˣŷֻǵһ֮ʣҲӽֻͣŷֻôƭȥһղ㣬үүǰҲܵӰ죡
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Ϊ󣿡
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뵽ȻЩɫ䣬˶󷨵ϲãܲμλԪʢģôЩûмһ̲֮ˣĪǳʲôɣ
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ܼ򵥣ҷֱһ󷨣ɱ󣬻УֱȥƶԷ󷨣ȻΪ󷨱ƴֻƳΪʤŷĵ
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ĵͷУŷԥתȥ⾺ĸ򳡴С㹻ǲˡ
ʱ˵̸ݲû˿ڣΧʮһŷֱתıӰһĶǳڴ
ֱȶɲŷ󷨷ʵ֮ǿŰʱ֮󶨻ҴһΪҵ󡭡
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482 ϧ
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ڳ֪ԪİĺýֻһǱˮɲĪˮڶǰĲʥϧ
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ʱԪİĻԭƽˮɫ΢΢һ䣬ֱӴվʱϯ̨ϽһЩ˶׷ײĿֻǼǽʱЩַɿתͷȥ½עھС
Ȼ֪׷ʲôλʥɫ˱仯ҲԲܹκϵ˵ġ
ȴҪʹ˲뿪ĳ嶯
ûԪİ䵱Ե˵òҪܣϧ˵ˣٸܵĻȥɽϵţɽȥˣôʰ㣡

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ϧѾΪʥߣʵ˵ŷ̾ϧﲢսҪԸһЩ
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켫ʥ߻켫Цųֵٳؾۣǿϲɺذ

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֪λӦʱﻹĹ°˵ϧǰƺѾǽˡ

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Ԫİ鱾ڲϼңɻû˵꣬ǽαֱӴλ˲ʧԪİ鲻ķһۡ
Ǻǡ˺ˣ˼ҵԼȥ
ŷЦŰ֣漴ԪİʵӰҵӮֶҪ䰡
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ΣܹҪһԣ
뵽зһĨᶨ漴˫ֳֽԪɲسǰȻһĽٱ䡪ն
һ޴âǰɫһƬֱϮȥǿռѣЩΧڽӴ޴âɲǶɢȴֺܿºһ챾Щڴɫúʧ
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׸ô죿
վԭأ΢΢˫ۣþδ
ʱһߣʮŷȴƾһĻĻƵģÿһ涼侳֪У·ǻÿһһЦһһӰվԭصŷʱЦʱޣʱɱ磬ֱǼһ㡭
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ǣǴӾ뿪İʥ߽Լʥϧ
㵽ˣ׼һ𣿡
ϧﰧԹŽҧ촽ĵѾʮˣ֪ʮһŮ˵жҪ


483 ҫŭ
еڣͬľһ㾲վԵĹϣȴǧý趯Уȫ޷ƽ죬˵ȥʲô˺ˡ
ǣȻ˵˲죬ȴҲͬ޷ƿ˿̵ѾһּΪεľء
Ȼ󷨣ô϶۴ڣ
ŷֻӵеԪǰڵʵ˵µ󷨲Ҳ۵ģԼ˼·ƫ
üͷ壬ɫȻ֡
󷨵ǿ󣬶ٶΪ֮˵ʵӰ죡񽫡а˵ٱĵزͻƺ൱ǵԪڵʵŷֻǵԪǰڣνֻʼ޷Ѱҳ۵ڡ
ʶ²⣬ʮ󣬻ŷҲܹƿֻҪѵʱһܳѡ
ϾûභԶڵɱûΣյ£ʮ½٣ȻŷˣǽˣҲžԵܹסֱ
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Ȼʮ֮ãճɾеȻö˵ϧʱֳۣȴҲԪİ鼸˽ףǿһֱ°ģΪϧִŶһ϶ڶЩӦʱһŽһоޱȵҸ
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Ҫƿ󷨣ҲȻҪЩƿ֣෴ԵĹƳȻ˵ȴô鷳
뵽ǲֳһĨϰԵаЦ֮ǰĸ˫ϼӡһ˸ŵâӺȻһ㣬ӡԽԽ죬һ˸âȻǰ
Īģͬĺһ㣬ܹоԼ֮ĪϵȻ΢ȴʵʵڵĴڡ
󷨣
תʵצͬһ㣬аЦһӡȻ˫׹˸ĺȵҫŭ


484 󷨵һŷı仯
һȣ˷ܼһ㣬βĳ˸ޱҫ۵׹⣬ڽӴ֮ʱʱ󷨿ռڵһжڽҡΡ
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ҫŭȷǿ֮ԪǿҲ˿ϧ̫һЩ
ЦŰҡͷæ뼸ŵҩιǿò԰׵ɫ΢һЩ
ڵʵȻֻʹһΣҲ㹻ˣǱֶΣ򲻵ѾԲʹã
̾Ϣһ漴㽫Ŀ⳯ȥȻ󷨵֣Ȼ΢һЩȻŷûܹɹؽʮƿ
ҲζţλԪʢϵ󷨱ȶУյʤ
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ʤˣҲζŷλʥ֮ˣǺεȾϢ
ĻΧԭOO@@ǶһЩΪľǸһĻ
ԴҲûٶ˵ʲôֱӱ˫ۻŵҩǿҩЧٻָĵԪ

תۣǴʱȥŷǳɹĴʮ˳壬Ȼϲκ˺ۣȴ־ǧµĲɣ֮Уһ˫ȴ˸Ÿ貵ľâԭǵԪǰڵʵڴʱͻ˵Ԫڡ
·һƵģֹ°øӵƽ׽ˣ
ת䣬˵ϯ̨ϵλʥˣڳÿһ˶ܹʮĸо
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켫ŷֵǺˣ
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ʱŷȴֱߵǰڱĿָҲУŷ߹ͬʱ㻺˫ۡ
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ôԭŷֲŰ쵱Ѱ
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ԪİЦŵóƺһģһɺϧﰢһأ

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ˣ罣Ƿ׷ùϣεĽЩĪĸ̾
ȷ˵ڲõĽʥ򣬳Ϊʥǰ϶ӵ飡
λĪҲʶҼͷӺʦɫŹֵĵ
ǺǣȻʶ
ŷЦŵͷҲֳһĨ֮ɫϧ״Ц֪ʮǰȥսʦأ
ôͷӿ϶úˬɣ켱æʵһԵģ
һ죬֮ǰֹ°״̬ȫһƵġ
Ǻǡ˵أ
ϧЦѣһ۽ԵҰʦУ˵ϧɽʦʦİ½ģǺǡüɽʦأҡ
˵ϧзһĨŨŨ㺣΢ĵҺʶҲǸʱ򣡡

첻֪νӿڣ漴ȴǼæת˵ˣ˵ʥأһһ죡ͷʥأ
֪
ʻڳλʥ߾Ƿ׷ҡͷ
֪Ȼ
ǰȷ֪
Ԫİ̾һϹʵٶʥϣʥأϴμ֮ʱоֱѹֵƣҸҿ϶˵ʥزĸо
ʥأһһ죡ʥصʵΧУһأ໥ʵҲر
ʦãɲԸҽʥתʵ
Ҳʲô⣬綼ʥģ
ԪİӦĺʹ죬漴һѺãѶҵͽϧͽܣ˵ֻҪŬҲлʥԣں˵˵Ҳ˴ţмǲҪ˶ӰΪ
ǣʱصͷʾף
ղ˵ʥأһһȷﵽʥ֮ÿһεͻƶͬһļѣͻ֮ȴʵʥͻУҪıǶڿռֻдﵽһ̶ȵĿռټ֮ԪĴܹ˳µͻƣ
ͻȴǼΪѵģܹﵽʥһأ߶أȴҲֹڴˣǱΪ򲻹ϾԪֻҪʱĻʲô⣡
Ǽˣ˲Žʥϧﲻ˵ŷʥ֮ãһͻƵû֣
ﵽʥ֮ͻҪıһˣ᲻ʱ䲻ֵصֱͻƣҲпһʼҲ޷
ʵǼо·ʥĿʼ֮ǰһУԪֻڴѣ
Ԫİ˵Ͻ˶ȻЩ𾪡ŵĵɴ˫ۣŴͣȫסˣ
Ԫڴ
ô£
˵飬Ԫİü΢ļڽһ¥ػһҪãԭΪڴʽʼӣһŻԼԼоӵʱʥ򣡡
˵Ԫİ˶ٺԵģֻеԼʥܹ֮ˣˣ˵ô࣬Ҳ̫ķϣڵ˵ҪľעʵľǧҪԣ
лʦã
֣صĳԪİ鹪һ
лҲ˵Ļʦʦﶼʱ㽲ЩģʼҪһ㣬ֹҵ֮ǧ򲻿ɺøԶҪ̤ʵأ
ǣصͷ
Ǻǡˣ˵ôˣǵɣ
ԪİЦЦĿ漴ǰİ˸ĻٶԣϽ˽һȻҲûټʲôԪİԣǽźܴĻʥ򣬵˼ͻƵһȥϸ˽Ҳ
˸Уμİ˶ȫ˳ΪܷԵʣҲõĻᱻΧ֮⣬Ȼλʥ߲УǵʵݣȻԵ顣
ǰٻȵ¯ɣ
ģŷָźʫǸĻźʫǰһ˸¯ɫЩ΢ûǴǺǽ綦ɣ

Ԫİͷ綦ǰٻȵ¯֮һȻڵܹںʫУҲ˵ٻȶˣòϣ⺫ʫȻʵȷһѺ֣ǺǡӣƵӦ赤ɣ
ܹƷ赤ѾΪףֻҪһɹξе;Բͣź룬ŷЦ
ȥɣҵϣܹһϲϴƷĵһ
ԪİЦ˵ʱⷿеҲûٶ˵ʲôһר־ǰ˸Ļ˵жĻֻˣСӶȤֱϣĿżȣ񲻳Լȱȥһ㣬˿Цá


489 赤VSϵ
赤ΪƷԪ֮˷ܹ֮ıʣӵʺһļʣˣ౾ʺ˵С˷赤ҲһֿĵҩˣƷҩһʦܹƳģ
ʫų綦æһĳɹʣȻ˵ǹƽ飬֮пʩչκֶΣֻҪܹĸʱнҩɼɣ
һĽҪͷʫȻκεĲ׾
ְ֣֣
˰֮ʱڿ˼ȣֻյķ཰С֡
㰡
ԿЦã֪ӺδóһӸĲţϣϸȫһֵ̰ļƣСҲĶ¶ޱЦݡ
һĻΧ˶׷չֳƵЦݣò˵ʵ̫ɰˣÿ˼Ե۰СŮͨԡ
ˣ
һգ콫պãԼڴϣЦСѾͷڿأ
ŲأһܹӮģСӻһСȭͷش
Ŷ
⻰ŷŤͷЦô裿
ȻƺЩŹ֣Ƕֻ֪ĸŮҲûжʲô
Ȼ
ԥĵСԴСָĻе飬ǿ϶˵趼ûóȫʵأǸܿɰܿɰС¯ûóأ
С¯
Ļ֪Ƕڵ֮⣬ԼԪİڵ˶׷
Ƕ
ڼ˫ɻĿУЦ˵ǰһؾõģܹӲٵĳɹʣһĶ
ٻ¯֮ĳ綦֡
࣬ųɫ棬νƣ˼綦ЧҪڳ綦ĸ£Ϸ֮ͨ¯Ч
ǶϹŵһħʦַã֮綦ҪһЩͽǶɹƳƷԪʱĹȥʵҲȲֻҪǶڣưƷҩʲô
ֻǲ֪ôģھͷȻûнǶó
е飬ȴ֪˵뷨һʧܵκɫϢûУ˵ڶεһΣУǶȴǳˡ
ֱϻһǻ԰Ĺâգۼֱӱ˰˸ߵ¯ֱӳ֣
Ƕ
ֺʽеϤ
ŷ΢΢һȴɫüΪ죬µǴĻϿȥܹоǶĲȫǺʫʹõĳ綦ܱȵ˵ġ
ৡ
ţСһӣʮֱֲӳߣǶ¶ȴﵽһ̶ȵɲǣֱӻֽЩһͬ˶ڣκ˳ԣ֮ʱϵĲȫ㣡
Ҫ֪ÿֲ϶вͬãҪȡ֮еľ໥ںϣɵ
һ˳򲻶ԣЩҩľ໥ƣ𵽷ãôʵıضûгɹĿܡ
ʲô
ϧﲻȴҲһЩڼḶ́־ٶԻ١
Ǻǣϧﰢ̲ü
ЦЦɵĵǶ⹦ܣֲܹϵľֱӳȡ˵໥ںϣҪѰַӹ̣񶼹ȥ˲һʱˣţһһϲģ
飬ԼһûκεĻɣ
ףһֲûȥ
ʱԪİ۾һ׼ȷ˵Ǽλʥ߶Ԫİһ۾һеǶʻ䣬ɫ쳣
ɨһۣɵЩ죬ϻĪҪưƷϵ
ϵƷҩΪƵһ֣ҪĻ򣬻κηѶȼһЩżʦ˵Լܹӵϵɵĳɹʣ
ϵ
λʥҲͬǾȣȻʵϵ𵽵òʲôɶڵԪ֮ȴżЧ˼ƿϣһЩӶﵽʵЧ
Ԫ֮ˣ֮𵽵ЧȻȲϵԪЩҲмĴٽã
ΪϵƵļѣδֹ˵ǿģ
óϻȻҪϵˣʦȶĵһҲڱصã
Ȼˣ
ȴʱϻǶڣǻһĨЦݡ
ʱڷеҲǰĻڵ飬ǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʱһһĹȥǶĿвת˸ͬǻ԰ĹâȾͬǿգһ貵ɴһΪЩ˸Ŷ˵Ĺԣ˵ޡ
תۼ䣬涨ĸʱޱѾȥķ֮ھ뻹һʱ֮ʱȻ享ʫڵķϢתӿźʫյӡǳ綦ĶǺȻ󿪣һԲ⻪ĵҩֱֱ˺ʫ׼õƿڡ
ɹˣ
ʫһ޽ǵĺˮЦݡ
赤ѾƷеĶˣҲҳӣӮ´˴ʲôɣ
ʫţ΢ָһЩ߳˷䣬װƷ赤ƿ̨У㾲ѾΪǲ׼õϣɫƽ
Ǻǰٻȵĺʫɣϴθʱǵڶû뵽ξȻһˣ
ǰӺģ
ˣǸԲݵأ
˭֪ǵžǣϧû취ΣٶЩʧ
ʫһΧǷ׷׵һǾ̾Σڴһ㡣
ܿ죬̨нʫƵ赤˹ڼж˵ʱ΢һ㶣ҲҶʲôĽƿ˳ȥ
ɣ
ԪİЦŽ赤˳ſжַҷͷʫˮƽȷӦ߼ʦ壬˼ʦҲ˶٣赤Ѿ޽ӽڰƷֻϧûκΰƷҩϢֻƷеļƷ
ǰҲ㹻֤ʫˮƽˣ
ڣͿ˵ģиľϲǣ
ľϲôֵȻƵϵˣֻҪܹڹ涨ʱнϵƳȻǾϲɣ
飬Ͱ
Ļе飬Ϊ
ƵģרעǶһб仯Ȼӿ죬һӡĴǷڵǻԸǶתҲԽԽ죬Χγһ
ʱתֹȥ˰ʱԱֻƵĵҩҪһЩλʥ߽һۺķϣעתϣ


490 ϵɣ˾պصĺȻ
̡
ǶתĿ¼ӿ붦ڣĻ϶ֻԼԼǶӰ˵Ŀӹע
޻Ҳˣ
ʱһĻа޻ɹյֻΪ̫עԵʣûп޻Ƶʲôҩ
ܿ죬̨ˡ
Ʒ֥ѩ
Ԫİ齫ƿڵҩʱһ۱˳֥ѩһ˵ҩмЧȻҪһ㣬֥ѩӵлָ;ã֮Ѱ˵ҩ˵ϧȴҲ޷뺫ʫƵ赤ȣ
Ϊֹ֥ѩҲ赤֮£ݾӵڶ
ת˲䣬ʮӹȥǶ㹻ӡУȻӼٱ˼˸ߵĵͣ漴һյɲǣʵҩǶڷ˳
ôţ
֣һ˵߼ҩÿһ¯ֻɹһţϾҩЧһŵҩ֮ϣһֳűἫĽҩЧʧ죡
Īʧˣ
üͷһ壬ȻóȴҲǲ֪Щ
ԣӲʧܣܾϲô£ǲ⡣
ʱ飬Ҳ˵ܾϲ
ΪڷŵУȻǶһֹܣ߳ɹʵͬʱܹһЩã
Ƶҩ֮ʱҩľñֻһŵĸҩģ˫ãӱԲҪҩм°빦Ч
һȻڶŵҩҩЧһЩȴҲ̫ܹ࣬ͬһһԵƳŸ߼ҩ
ȻҲһļʣ˵Ҫ֮˽뵽ĳľ磬Ǵδζܹɹ

һʱ֮ľУλΪղеʥλվǰˣɫȻûܹڹ涨ĸʱƳɹѾı㱻̭֡
ʫȴϴЦݵƳһ飬С˲٣ȴڳ͸ѹͷϵ˶ּĲ
ڰٻڣʫżΪλԵʣԱ仯޲ÿս뿴ɫȻӣԼƵƷ赤ʫžԵġ
ʱڶڸղĳ˼Уںʫɫû˿
ǰˣճɹˣ
ŷּƿӦÿһɹ֮ˡ
УƵƷҩ˵ѾܲˣòźƷҩȫ̭
ŷĻ֮ǰʧߣټ֮ƷҩߺܿȻȥǲδԶվΧȺмţ
ƷҩҪ̭ôҲζŻƷҩĳ֣ڰƷҩпô˭Ҳȷ
ˣ飬ʫ裬޻Լ־
ŷĿһӹ־ƵƷȻ֮һĹȴҲټԱҲ̭ˣ
־ȥֻʣ飬ʫԼ޻ˡ
ڱһᣬȥԷĵҩ˭ǵһ˵
ŷ˵һ䣬˫ָٶԡ
⻰˾Щ΢漴ǰһ
赤ҵ֥ѩȻȴҲȲϣεһԵˣ
޻ȿ˿ʫƿһĨ漴עתƵƿϡ
ǣ޻һ˼ĵɴ˫ۣôܣôܣ
ʲô
ʫ޻Ƶ֥ѩĴ漴ע⵽޻ɫ֮ʣȴæƿȥ
ôܣȻǰƷϵһţ⡭
Ժʫ޻ʵȻԿϵͬһ¯Ҹûʧܡ
ʮ꣬ôƳƷҩ
ʫ豻ϵѣȫ𾪡
ˣ˰ɣ
ŷİֵǸƵĵҩɣڣǸ˭Ǵ˴εһ
⡭
ʫ޻һۣ޻ãԻ֮Ҳֻǳź棬޶ٲ
ɺʫֱڶЩţ룬ǲʥ߰ˣ
ֻ뷨ֱ㱻ֱѹ˻ȥһʥߴ˵ĹƽΪҪ˸ٻȴȥ֣֮ĽֲҲ֪
ˣ
޻ǸɴЦɩӣϲ㣡
ллͷû̫˷ܡ
ҡҲ䣡
ʫ֣ڼλʥĿע£ͷ飬ϲ㣡
ˣλڱ˴λԪʢʦĵһԶݱ̲飡
ŷλɣԸ˵һ㣬ƵǰƷϵںʫƵƷ赤޻ƵƷ֥ѩʤһ
ȻҲһαϣв֮˻ȥŬǵĽһǹģ
ˣ˴ʹ˽λɢ˰ɣ
ŷĻ˷׷ɢȥ
˵һȴЦųʫͰ޻ͷ߻صߣʱЩף񾢶ȴǼʼżΪõЦݡ

ֵܣ͵ã
ĵڶ죬Ժˣ֮ʱұִ˽
Һ飿
һ£ʾԼȥʵʲôˣ
˵˾ռļ˾պأרݷ͵õģұֻص
˾պأ
ΪȣȻ˾պشûʽΪ˾ĹϵҲûκκøУʱ˾պصĺȻãò衣
ɣȥ飡
ã
ұֳȥ˾պ˽̬ȲҲ֮ӷнںϽҲ˳ȻѺԽûҲ
ðã£˾պؽ֮󣬱Цųǹ֡
˾ռˣ
һƣ˵ɣָ磬鷳ȥ裡
鷳ˣ
˾պؼæţרݷֵܺС㣡
ұҲֻӣ˾պؾܾҲδȥ衣
ʱ˾պȴǻ˵ֵܣѾ֪Ȯ˾ֵ֮飬ֵܶ£ר̴ȮֵܵǸϣֵܴ˴ԭȮһΣ
Ǹ
⻰ɫ䣬ȴע⵽˾պ˫һŵ͡
ûô򵥣˾պѾﲻӣҪǸĻôʱ
˾ռˣ
һߴĦ˾պص˼һЦҲίʵһЩҲδ˵˾մٵӦ˾ռǸǣ


491 ̵޻룡
ǿƺĿ˵ţʵϵôģֻԼˡ
˾պظڵţ϶ԼĴ㡣
һº͵Ľ̸ƺ˾պѾ˾ȫ׿ȥĳԹƺҲڴʱȫɢ໥Ĺϵ·˲١
ˣûйϲСɹĵһ
˵һ˾պغȻЦ˵ֵõ󷨱ĵһСһԣһ˫Ŵ˴λԪʢ֮Ƕ˵ضԪ½ϴΪ˾Գݵż񣡡
˾ռˣҲǽҶѣ
ǫһЦδ¶κν֮ɫ
ûбʾʲô˾պ˵⣡
쿴˾պؾԲΪ˾רǸġ
Ȼ˵һ޹ؽҪ֮ʱ˾պЩ̲סˣֵܣʵιݷãҪΪȮ֮µǸ⣬Сְæ
Ŷ
ԵǴһ£֪˾ռкҪ£
õһϹ̵ĵָܹϵĵȻҲԪ£
̵
װ֪Ŀϲ𾪣Ȼĵҩôܣ
Ǻǡϵҩǧǧ򣬾ЧҲ
˾պЦ˵ΪѣСְæ̵Ϊ꣬ҿԽ̵ĵó
˾պصжƵġ
ȴЦѣҪæ̵ĵóָƣߣ̵֪ĵֺó
˾պֱⷬǿװǣһⶼûУ
˾ռ˵ЦɣЦһǵһ˵Ϊģ˵˾ռа취ʦڲ֪ƵҩǺǡ鰡Ҫ˾ռúѧϰǣ
⡭
˾պر˵һ죬Ǹ죬˾պǷ˾ռָ̣
ֵˣ
˾պﰵȴֳǸЦݣ˵Ȼôҵ˼˵ֻҪֵܺСұ֤ӦȻ̵ĵҲֻһְˣ
ԭˣ˾ռˣ˼
ûû£
˾պֻϺﲻеϷʣûƵģˣֵ֪ܺСɷӦ
Ϳɣҷûģ
ʼ磬ȴ˾պؿĽǶȣ鶪һ
鵱˵˾ռʵҲ֪ԼǷƣҲ֪ǱϾϹŵҩûгɹİգߣϹŵҩضҪĲʮĪ˾ռѾ룿

˾պԶʱЩΣѾóѰ˼飬ʼûҵʵ̵Ҫĸĵˣȴ֣пܵĻҲλæѰң
ܹͱӵɼҲȻżǿ
Ϊ˾˾պİ취ϣܹ˵һңȻܹǿǾ͸ˣڽ˾֮󱨳Ҳõᣡ
ν֪֪˰սǴ⣡
ע⵽˾պ˫һﲻʲô
Цѣ鶼ûб̬˾պش˿ҲڴǣȫȻһüĿģ
֣֡
ʱ޻Ȼ˽ͬһ˶޻ӵ
֣ôˣ
޻ʱӭȴ˾պ֮ЩȻջ˲٣˾պҲ֮޻ͷʾ⣬Ͼ޻ڵİ׼Ȼǿɰ޻Ѿðͷʵ׼ܹᷢչ׳󡭡
ԭ˾պҲûȥҰ޻ߺʫģ˭ܹưƷҩأ
Ǻǡп˰
޻ЦЦ˵ȥҰ׼ͣʲôҲҪɩӰæò᲻ͬɣ
һģ
Щ΢㶣ʵҪæڿЦɣ
˭㿪Ц
޻ʱһۣûĵɩӵʵ֪һԼأŶˣĪ˾ռҲɩ
ǰײһˣ
ʼ磬˾ռ˼ҵѣæҺ鲻ܲæ㿴
ˣҾͲˣ
˾պǿеŭֵܰæѰһѪҶܹҵֲϣұл
õģһᾡ
ڵҾͲ˾ռˣ룡
лҸˣ
˾պس칰˹֣ųȥ뿪Ժ֮ɫ˲΢˼һʲôҪľһ㣬˫óɱ첽Զȥ
˵ɣ
ɨһ۰޻ʾºŵղ˵Ҫæʲô㻹Ҫȥ׼ңûô򵥰ɣ
ȿȡֿˣ
޻ڨڨһЦ漴ǳϿҵ˵ʵ֮ѧϰΪҵĸףʮ쿪ʼĸױ˯ȥҺ͸þ˸ְ취ʼ޷ɹĸ׻ѣĸʼմһ˿ǶҪ䵱ˣ
ķʮʱ䣬ǰǰѰһֵΪ굤ܹĸ׻ָ
굤ƼΪ⣬Ҫ߼ʦͬʱƣÿһʦҪľԪңĲҲΪѣҵЩǺľҲƣ߱Ԫ½㽫ȫ룡
ʵ캣˶һݶ캣˻һʱҵģΪˣǰ׼㻨ǧƽ𣡡
ݡ
Щ㵡
޻ûע⵽ɫ仯˵в϶ѾãҶ׼һԷһɩԸæĻǰ׼Ըκ
Ҳһ̣
ڰֵôõˣҪҪãҲΣգ
ˣ
޻ɫ׵ԣʱҸһֱԪΪĸӣÿһΣ渺׼ҵ⣬ҲԵ˫ˣ
ɣ׼ǿȥ
˼һû˾պ֮ʱԥֱ˵ǵõȴ˴λԪʢ֮󣡡
Ȼԣ
Ӧ޻ʱɫһϲĵ֮ôż뼸λǵɩӻӦ˵󣡿Ļ
Ҫһ˵׼ǾͻӦȥ˾ռˣûĵ
Ǻǡ
޻֪˾ռ飬ҲֻǺٺһЦȻһ
ȻˣҾȸˣһڶݳڵֺɩӣ˳ҲչһҰ׼ҵ⣡ˣ
ߣ
Ű޻§ŮЦ뿪ıӰ¶һĨЦݡ
ȴǺȻüһĵ磬ôо޻֮ǰЩͬ
Ҳˣ
ͷ漴ʼЦܹо׼֮жңмĺôң԰׼ҵʵĪǻǣ


492 죬ɸһģ
˾պصţȻ֮ĶԹ컹˾պر˶ףûôǢΪʦĵһ˾պҲģ
Ҳ˾պĳ̵ȥ˾챾ˣ˾ӵÿĻѾˣҪȥγˣôܣ
޻ǱߣȻ棬໥ĹϵҲ㲻˾պ˵϶ѡȥ׼ңֻǲ֪Ϊμİ޻ǰ仯Ȼòϣ˵̬϶֮ǰȫ״ַĵ׵ĸоòԡ
֮ԻôʹĴӦҲԣоΰ׼֮жżĺôȻ֪ôʲôȥһ˰׼Ҳ޷ֻҪ΢СһЩˡ
պ󣬱ǹұֵĶʦʼΪұ͵Ψһӣұ㹻ġ
ʱУұҲ׼ͿȥȶһԹ˷㿪ʼרĵĶ죬ԱܹڼʼĶʦз
Ϊ븴Ķʦ࣬ʶθֻһ̨Ҳܼ򵥣ĸʱڶһѳͬʱһϽʯһµۣԽİ˽ľ
ʹõĶϣҲԴһΥ̭
ڶʦʼ֮ʣ̨ϱһұҲڲԱר־·ȫΧһУһȫһεĶУ¯¶٣ÿһμӸĶʦʮֵľŬΪľƴһС
Ϊͬ飬Ҳ߹ۿǰ˵ֱʦʦһ飬ȴܵΧ˫ĿĹעкЩ˻⼷ǿЦãƫƫܶԣ򻹻ᱻ˵ѲŰʱһɧ
ӣС㣬Լλѣ
ʱȺǰòǷǷ
ǰ챻죬Ԫİĸеˣ뵽뼸λʥ֮ĹϵǴʱԵޱǫﻹʲô߰
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Ҳϳˣԥֱӵͷ漴Ĵ³ȥҲΪǵĴڣΧҪࡣ
һԺӵķУܿһˣȻһذĴڡ
Ԫİλʥ߶Ȼڳǵ׷ЦŴкȴȫûһС
̫ˣټ϶˲֪ǹһ㣡ԪİЦ
лʦãлλˣ
Ҳ֮ЦŵͷǼʱ갡򻹲֪ҪΧʲôʱ
ˣ°ɣ
Ԫİʾ⼸£漴ֵԪϰԪרȥ㿾˼ȵŶ
ۡԪ̺úŶ
˿ӹȺһڣ޺óԣԪİϸ¶ޱȺƣ簮Цݡ
ѿЩЦãԼʦȻѾĿɰ²Сӱȶá
СΣ۰һ߳żȵСӣԪİתͷʵ
ǳԥĵ
Ů˵СӣĪǾͽܣԱߣŷʵ
Ȼ
ԪİͷСѾõ˹ұ洫˴ιμӻԪʢҲǹұ˼
ѵҪĵʽɽˣ
ŷһ㶺ЦҸʱȥȺȾƣƢӦҲǰһֳӲɣ
ŷĻλʥ߾ЩΣ뵽빫ұͼ֮ʱΣҲǰԿЦá
ˣ˵ˣɣ
ͨǽϵĻʮؿһ̨ÿһ֮˵Ķ֮ڵϵֱ֪ͬǿ˶١
ұֲûʧĸʱĹ涨ʱȥΪٮٮߣߵһ˸ߵĶϽʯǰһ¶ĴֱֻϵһϽʯϱʱһۣ
ұֵ磡һλ
һ磬һλ
һλһλ
̨еһоиԱ¶ϲɫǾȲһ˵ĳɼ󣬴˴ζʦĸʽİҲʽھӣõȾ֪ͨӦȥˣ
ʦãϧﰢ̣λСˣ
֮λһ뿪ȻǼҲǽżȵıǣ뿪Ԫİ黹أСԸֿҲֻա

һ̨⣬ߵʱ򣬹ұָպôһĶЦݣȻЩƣ˷ܾȴôҲ˵ġ
ĵۣûκη񶨵Ľվ
ָ磬ϲ
ǰ빫ұӵһ£ЦοǴչ磬ûиұ
һվ۷壬ʦΪͽܶұȭͷĵĵ
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һ˿ƣüͷһ壬Ťͷȥĵүкָ̣ĪСүһ֮ս
ûǽסǷҴүĬʱǷĬĸףҼȴ֪ȥ˺δڷĬߵֻԪķһ
죬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ߵ׿վĬΪû취Ҹ㣬ҷҾԲŹģ
סֻ˵ַϻǲ˼Ҳ
첻мƲƲ죬ֺתҪ߿Įӵ̬ȸûĬС
㡭վס
Ĭŭ죬ֻֽ֪֣֪Թھһç
ʱٴνס󣬷ĬͦŰȻĵ죬ɸһģ
ģ
ȴȤЦʲôԺСүҶĵģ
ħƣ
Ĭǿŭҧ֪Ѿħʦıȶ֮ǱȶĿʼҾͺ
Ŷôķüëһߣóʲôע
֮䣬˭˭ǰ棡Ӯңұ֤Ҳ׷ǰ飬ΣĬȻĵ
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һƲ죬ĪΪҲɣòĶעҾܾ˵꣬תߣ˿ĬԽԽڵɫС
ҶʮƽΣ
ûȤ
һ
ûȤ
˵Ҫʲô
ĬˣΪħ֮žԵƣʶר̹ģ̬ȼֱ֪ΰ조˵үԴûɣ
һ۷ĬЦ˵ģңһ飬òĶעҲӦģûȤ
ûȤ÷ĬŭǣתⲽıӰĬ죬Һ𣿡


493 켫֮ټ

ŷĬ⻰һڳ˶ֱסˣ
һ˫˫Ŀϣǹ죬ȴżĺ棬ֶɲĿ֮˵ģ𼫴Ĳ
˵ʲôҪҶפ㣬ŤͷĬȥ

ڷĬƺˣĵ죬ֻشһ߲Ұɣ
磬ӦǸӣ鼱æ˵
ǰ죡˶ֵãѺҲ֮Ե
ү֧㣡
񽣺ֱӣԼүܵģǰǷĬʲôҲԼү
һʱ䣬ڷĬƵĿУΧҲ뽫߷ϣʦȶһˣǲİԼһӦĻʱͻܲ˵ĳ
ģ뷨
쳯ϽͶ԰ĵųĬĬ˼˵˭Ӯ˱ȡ߶Է԰ɣ

Ĭͷǵɪ죬˵ҲҰɣҪңõʦȶһȻҺҶģ
һҪˣ㲻ô죿Ʋ죬˿ûĬϡ
ܼ򵥣ôˣǿ֤ͬʱ췢ģΥԱ췣죬ɸңĬ˵Ҳ֪״Ķôǿġ
ʱĬĽɸңǽ˷˼⣬Χ˼ٳٲӦһ׷Ͷӵ񣬻ǲĿŵıֳҲ˼
磬ǧӦô϶аյģȰ
ҴӦ
ȴаЦĬĵүСүҴӦˣɣİɣ
ã
ĬԶʱϲ֣·𿴵һ̣ԼֱɱΣϵЦֳֶһĨ
죨ҷĬڴ˶췢ģպħʦȶԷԼӮ߿ʱȡΥ𣬲ú
뿪ڣһԱʹɣһ֮ʱԭʵȻһըڳ˷׷׾֣̾ȴ޷ڣ
죬ҵɣ
֮󣬷Ĭһ죬ߵת뿪
磬ôʹӦأ
鼱ˣҪˣǾԲŹģ㲻ð
˵ЩҲûˣ
ڱü΢ĵҪܹ߻ʤļʣ˵ħʦľҪϵؿӡħƣ죬ʱ䣬Ǽȥռװרĵǣ
ǰҾͲˣǸзĬļһﻹܹӮ죡Ҳ֮˵
ˣõĵģ
ܹоŮǺεĹģůͬʱȴЦſڵҼȻҴӦлʤİգ߰ɣȻȥԶ緹ʱ䶼ˣ
˵ţǣֳȥǿļΪ
ǣһﻹںŵȻʲôȫûղŵϡ

һʱ䣬˵ɫûȫ谵ʱĬ֮ԼѾݳڴˣ಻֪ħʦ˸ǵ֪ħʦѾϢһպ󼴽еħʦȶź档
óⷳǵĲһóħơ
רһѾǼΪѵˣôᣬôǿʵħƷ¾Ҫɣ
ĬΪԼˣ˸ǶԷĬҲ˶ܿ÷ĬҲͬ顭
ƴҪ㣡
һպ󣬵ԺˣʱԪİ鼱Ҵҵ˽
ƲҪң
һ£ô
ȥ˾֪ˣ֮ǰȥǸԺӣһе飬ͲȥˣԪİ˵꣬תߣֱЦá
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ʼ磬Լˣֺ˵һŶһ˳ǴԺȥ
ܿ죬Ժ⣬ȴ洫һΪŮüͷһ壬Ů˾ȻǶ֮ĳҶСơ
ôüͷųƺͻ켫ϤԻ˼⡣
ô⣬컹Ǻܿš

Ż켫رյԺԶ򿪣Ҳ֮룬СƲ
㣬죡
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ȻǿˣҼҲʾ׷ɳǿô˵ҲǳүǳƵܣ֪ǿֱ֣ҲżĹϵ˵ɱܳҲΪ
ˣﻹʲôɫûֱӶѾܲˣ
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켫һ£漴ȻЦ԰ôˣǶԶݣʶҲ֣
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Һ֮ԼҴӼ߸ϹòֻΪҽʶɣ
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⡭
켫ʱȫûһ켫ʥߵķ緶ЩЦá
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쳯켫˹֣漴ת뿪һ˿ûκε˫иһ˿ɱ
˵ƶС֮䵽ô£
켫ЦõĵǣʲôĳƵģ
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Ż켫ĸ첲ζţǧʲôС˼˵˵ģûдﵽʥ֮ǰǾԲģοŸҽǸ죡
ȿȡѾͷ
켫Զʱɿ˼æðɺðɣô˵ôɣ
켫㣬ʱ¶һĨЦݣȴûע⵽켫һĨ죺ѾͷѾͷЩע˵ģôʼնᷢ
ʦҲϴκ˵ɱҵĵܵܣֱҳ֮ʱ˿·磬Ҹֻܾ׷ôƳ
Īǣ˾С죿켫Ȼ
ף԰ʦûɣ
ԭƸոյͷ漴ȴֱߵʦҿǹİɣıô㲻ҸˣҾǿϹҲԲῴᣬļһģ

켫ʱ֪νӿڣ˰ˣѾͷԼŰɣʦɵ㣬֮ѾˣǧҪ
֮ˣ
켫Ļһ漴΢ĵʦ˵ĪǾҽǷܹʥйصˣ˭Ķȥ


494 裬㣡
˵һȫİ·ŮˣһеŮˣһĥ
ֻû뵽ƾȻ켫ʥ߻켫ͽܣ
ֲóƼһֱڳңԭǸڻ켫ѧϰܹΪ켫ʥߵ״ӣȻ޷ƣֲô˴ȴǷֳѾԪڵʵԪҲһ֮ң
ʵѾ飬ƽˣΪޡŷ̾ԵԲһЩȴҲﵽԪǰڣ޷ͻƵĻò˶೤ʱ䣬׷ˡ
صԺУ˼£ֱӷߣͬ鳲컳УСƵᣬš
СӣϹ֣
Ϊں棬Сӵ
Ҳ˹ʵ磬ƲкҪ£
鵹ûУȥһˣ
Լһһûĵе飬Ҽ˭ˣ
˭
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쳤³һĵǸ벻ǣƾȻǻƲ״ӣƺͻƲĶԻƲޱ簮½䵱ŮԴ
ơǸҶС㣿
һ£˵ʵڵģǽСʱϵܲҲһˣԴʮֻֿ֮ÿżôһΣ㡮÷ǹϵҲһֱ׽
ֻǣԴϴγǿԼֶŶҵѺȴҲûϵ໥϶Ҳ˲ٵĸҡȴû뵽ȻⱱݳҲû뵽ƾ켫ʥ֮ͽ
ˣˣ
˰֣ȥʰһ£ǽȥ䣡
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Ůһֶʱ´ǣԥĳԷȥ
ʱԺоֻʣ죬ԼСһȥС
ְְ֣֡
ȻյߣĵղǲǼ谡

էԣһ£漴ȻղŲ𣿡
ѽ˼˵Ĳ裬С
ʲô裿ֻһ裡ܲ⡣
ѽ谡ְ֣϶أŵζأ
Сӣ㵽˵ʲôأ
ȫ˼Ҳ֪αʾҵǺܿŮӸԷ˳㲻ټǸ⣬ڻУŮһͬȥ
ħʦıȶʱ䣬óô˻䣬˵ܹٵõʲôö
Ĭ֮ԼҲû̫ķϣѾ߼ħʦ˸߼УҪӮĬӦòʲô⡣
Ȼֻ֮һԭν֪֪˰սҪȥһ캣󱱲ȥڷĬϣħʦʵ档

ݳǽֵϣ˵ı졣
ʦȶĵһʤʥߵŷҺڱȶ֮ʱָŷ䣬űҴүĬ֮ԼΪ˲˲෹̸ʡ
ʦȶĵһҲ˿ѷ죬ɹƳŰƷϵ˶Ѿ䵱˰˼ʦټ֮ǽգ˵Ů¾⼸Ժ⣬Ϊһ÷նͣʱ䣬νԶ
飬ûö˶أҿ컹ҪЦѡ
㣬˵ʲôأ
ʱһ죬ûһ£ʱʹһæʼַʱŮΧ˫Ŀע⣬ȴû˸죬˭֪鲻ʦһμ˶ʦı
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ʶι;УȻܹоܶ˵Ŀ⣬ȴûǰΪŮòһЩ鷳ǿƽɡ
һ·ҲרӡǣΪľ֪ͨԡ
Ȼڹȥһʱ֮󣬵ϽŮһ·ڵʱ򣬲Ծֱҵ졣
Ȼһ۲ȴע⵽컳еŲӿ죬ǰЦСС㣬Ҳڰǵ
ܲ
ҧ䣬漴۾һĵǲܲǵŶҰְֵ𣿡
ССȻüԣЦ
ˣȥǣְֺܲҪҪ̸˵Ȼְȥǣ콫ڵϣóڵĿȡ
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ǣаٷģұ㽫һùʱӦ
УҲһ³ҶСߵν£⣬˾պǱȻעһ£һͼı
õģ֪ˣû˿ԥķԸض߾ȫ
Ϊ캣󱱲˵һаٵķԸ˿ĵ
ˣû¶ˣһɣ
漴ɢαŶ·һСĸŮ·ΣǷһĨŨŨҸ֮ɫ
ȻֱڣѺûȷκα̬ǰֹܾһΣô飬ѾŮ˼˶ԴѾкͬȵĴҪʲôʱȥļһֱȵԼһء
ףƾȻҲˣ
Ȼ䣬üͷһ壬ֳƶһ˴ӽͷǱ˹ƺҲǳֵģֻǳҲŲգһ·Ҳ˲˵Ĺע
ǳƣע⵽ɫı仯һۣʱȴľа٣ˣСС㳯ܹȥˣ
ûǻһ⣬ǿٵĳƳȥֱ˵˳ƵĻС
˭ȻֵСӣƺܺ棬ҺûиоκɱҲûзͶĻ
Ҫһ㣬ܹоԼͻСϵ
ء裬㰡
ڳƻгҭţ滨ģ
ۡ
עߵ죬ԳƵĳƺʱһڲˮ˳ҺüʱŤͷ򻹲˲һ
裿
ֱԼĶ䣬ֲ֮ǰԺл˵裬ָľȻǳƣ
ôܣ
ֻԼҪˡ
ʱĳȴǱЩûյС֣Ȼġ衯ƺ벻⣬Ȼ¶һĨޱ۰Цݣ
·һ˲䣬ĸŮƵģ


495 ׼˳Ƶ
Щ죬ȴ֪ΪΣ뻳еСǵһμ棬ȴϤ·ѪǱӦĸŮƵġ
а٣⡭
У֪аһеĲԣȴǵɴ˫ۣģʣаٰôֶһˣĪССĸǸƣ
ˣץȥɣ
˦˦ֱ֣뿪
ʱ·ȴǴĶأ
裬衭
̧ͷС֣ûһæ·˹Сӣʲô㿴λ̵·Ūˡ
ųͳΪǿ֮鷳ʱΪΪСȽԪ֮ڱչͻƣʶһսûμӣҲûƴŮ
ǲԼòգҲֻ΢һ㶺ǱǸĵλС㣬˼С£ð֮£
ﲻ
ΪûĻȻڳƻУŤСȥ
һࡣ
ﲻ
СյСץųƵ䣬ƴҡСԴ
㣬㣿
ʱѺ˳ڼƵɲǣŮʱɫȴЩӡ
ҶԸֶŶҵ飬Ѿúܿ˵֮Ѿ˵ˣǰֽ껹ǼЩβ֪Դ
ˣˣ
СѣС
ҲЩΣϽöԳƵĳƺʱüһǳҶСƣ
ң
Ƶͷܹоɢĵ⣬ɵú֣ǿǵһμ棡

ûƣ漴ɫһĳȵ
裬ﲻҪ뿪裡СȻҡԴеһ衯ڳŮɫ˲䡣
ǲҪᣡҡ
һҪͣȴС죬滨ĳء費Ҫˣÿء
裿Ī裿
Ҳ԰Ǵ֮һ㲻黹Ͻöܹĳ
С㣬û뵽ǻټ
Ӷ¥мҴҵ˹ųƵɫΪƽ
죬㣡
ͬɫƣȴǺȻ˷ܵĳڶֺС֣Цְְ֣֣ҵˣۣ
ְ֣죿
裬ƣ
ʱĻƲɫ˲䣬˿ɰͬͯСȻŮôܣô˿ɰŮ
ְߣ쳯֡
ﲻְ֣Ҫ豧С죬ܲԸ
ôְֵĻˣ
ɫһСӣðְ

⻰ϿĵɫһʧӰ٣Ĵӳƻȥһͷ߻صߡ
Сģܵ˶ίƵġ
Ƽ״ĪһʹҪ»ߣȴʼ޷ڡ
С㣬˼ˣ
ͳƲ䲻ȵ˵һкϽŮתȥŤͷųƣ۾ỨĽ裬ģֱί˼㣬Īۡ
죬վס
ѿڶʵڲļӡ
ôС㻹£פ㣬תͷʵ
ҡ
Ʋ֪ô˵ѵ˵죬ҵɣֻô˵ĳڣߣҪ˵˳ǳӣԴ
ֱڣ֪ݣƲǸأ
ˣǸˣ
ѿģ쵭˵һֱ뿪ˣóվǺüҪ죬ȴƫƫʲô˵Ժʼո֮ʱСϴҸЦݣɵһ񡭡
ϸȽһ£СʱмټеĪо㱼ƶ֪һִĸĹذ

ְ֣Ҫȥ裬ѽ
ԶһЩ챧ڻУȴʼһֱ߶ţÿ仰û뿪衯֡Ҳһ˿˪Ȼ֪֮䲢ûʲôű缺ŮôȵĽб裬ﵱȻҲἫ
ѺҲǱǺദ˲̵ӣ˽顮衯֮⣬ҲֻǱ̺С͵㣬ȻƺΪܣʼոоľһЩ
һμƣɾȻڳμֱӽ裬ƱһĻ·ľĸŮһ㣬ָоͬǲ
Сӣˣ
üͷһ壬ȵҺ˵ھֻһûģղˣ裡
Ǿǣ裡
ǰδĺִ֣ĻȥˣһֱҪȥҳƣɫڣɳСӵ۰ȴ᲻˵һػ˵ֱӴˡ
ǻȥɡ
ʱȻ˵Ϊֵ¶ûˡ
ðɣ
Ҳû취ֻܸһȥһ·ϣȻһֱڲϵؽҪȥ֮⣬Ůû˵֮ǰʱ֣˿ȴԵ˲١
صԺУ֪첻ͬԼȥ裬ԵúǲģһСڵϣʱʱ߶ʲôȥ˷䣬ѺԺеϣɫ
㣬˵᲻裿ǹ˵һûмһôأʶܾƵģȶǶҪܣ
϶û˵ôˣĻҲ֪ܲѳҲ˵ˣû鶼ô
ǣ㲻óĺĸŮ𣿡
°ͣԱ߶ţһָоû˵أ
֪Ҳ֪
̾ҡҡͷô˵ߣҲг𣬰˵ͳǾһģ治֪ô£ײ˹Ƶġ
УڨЦߣҪס˶磬ȴ֮ʱ΢еεỨ
飬ôˣ
״ʱ󼱣ԴʶСûм޹
ң
Ťӣҭ磬ѵ˵ʲôôңû֣Ǹĳú³Сʱɣ

ͷߣС椣ѵˣҵĸŮΣҺͳƸûκιϵ
Ů
⻰ʱһ
ǰֻϵĸŮֻһֱ鶼ûȥĳȫ缺ȴֱӺһ㣡
뵽鲻һ죬Ρ


496 죬
ֻ飬ѺöȫֻŮ飬첻ϺʱޱȰԵͳƵ飬ʱʱ¶һĨСĽЦݣߵѿļΪ
֨ѽ
һŴˡ
˳æչȥ˵飬Ͳˣһô죿ͲԴף
ҳʲôף
Цһ£㣬ĪˣĸŮҲģôûĸأ

ԣʱ˫ۣһԼͷеѽôأ
ְ־Ұְ֣
ʱҲ˹С컷֣ͷְ֣ҾŮԲԣ
ԣԣ˭˵ǣְ
ЦŶ𣬶ϵŮҲ֮¶ЦݣΪֻһȴ֪˻һĺ壡
ѽеˣ
ӣ磬ȥԵĻɣǾͲȥˣˣ˶һ㼦ȣļҲӦóԵòˣ㻹ø
ãȥ
ͷڵϱ㳯ȥ
ְ֣ҲȥҲȥ
۾һĨâæƨƨߵĸţȴҡͷʵ裡ղ㲻ˣȥֺֺã
磬˵ʲôأ
һ죬ֵ
ðɣ裬ܹԵŶ
СûҪȥԹԵͶĻĸŮʱ㴫Ц·֮ǰһжֻһ㣬֮ѺҲܿУһСĸŮԺֿõĴС飬Ц಻ϡ
߳ԺӣѡһϽľ¥УԸ׼Ʋ˺һλϵȺղǺɬģɵҲ¶һĨЦݣﰮ
ֻȻиɻΪʲô׼˳Ʊһ㣬ôְֻǺˣϣĪ˿ɰŮ鸸ĸ
ϰ壬ˣһƣ
˼֮ʱ¥ſ߽һӰǳǺˣ
ΪλԵʣҲеĵһʱ죬Ŀԣɵͬʱüͷһ塭
һ֮ڣȻΣô£
Ե֣Ե
ûκα飬˳һۺתͷȥȴҧ촽ԥʲôһ㣬ͬСŮƵĶ˶ź󣬾Ǿֱߵǰվ
ôС㣿쿴Ҳûһۣʵ
ղǸСŮŮƷʵ
ΣΣ
üëһС㣬ܹ㲢˵裬ҲûκιϵĪǣóСҪ˵֮ǰһ͵󡭡
죬ס죡
û˵꣬Ʊʱɫһ
ֱڻһƻŮʲô͵⻰ɲ˵
ʱĳƣ޲ȸһӡ
УҲ˵ˣŮñ⣡
ޱ򣬾ǳҶС㣬ʦ켫ʥߣұ֤Ҳһĺѿ
㡭
û뵽쾹˺εвƶʱһ䣬δвһ˫жʱĺâ漴֪뵽ʲôܿкâɢƽ
죬ҲŲţҾ׽ûκ˺˼
ƻ˵˸˺ҳҲŹ
ϣ˵ģƽĵû˿仯
ں̬ȣóƺ޵ҧҧΪҶС㣬Ϊ켫ʥߵ״ӣƺһӹǰˣ˭˲ǰֺã˭˲ҪıĻģ
أֱ˿һ㣬˵Եúǲм
ô죿Īǻܹȥʾã
ʦ˵ǱƲѣһҪ콻ãԼڵĳҶвɹĺô
ֻǣƢټ֮ǿóҲ޷κεĺøУл᲻ǣԼǳҵ£³ƶ޲öֱɱˣ
͹٣ҪľƲѾˣ
ʱ򣬾¥˹ڵĵ͹ԵƬ̣ҪʮΪȥ£
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ʮȡ죬㻹ܳ԰
ƳƳһۣȴ˿ΪĵΪС׼ģȥ֮һҪȥû취СϲԵľԿļȣ
ϲԼȣ
һæƵƣ׼ʮȴߣ

߲ԶĻ⻰ʱŴͣôˣ
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ǣǣ
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ʱھ¥еҲ׷ùͳƣʮȣһҪߣô£򳪸
ֵ˲ʮӣȺ;ƲǱˣƵľƲҲƶ
С㣬԰ɣҾͲˣ
ˣӹƲ˺ͼȺ㳯ȥ˾ڳƵòԣȴȫں
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ԲЩίڻɣԼǲǳ̫ˡ
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վһΧʳǵĿˢˢĳȥ˿񣬸·ʲôӰĴڡ
ʲôܵԼǰĳƣüͷʵ
ҡ
һ⻰ɵסˣǰסʲô
ûµĻҾˣƹƣȥ
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һҧٴκס졣
㵽Ҫʲô
ǲĪǻĽ£ǳ⣿
ƣоƲ˶Ҵߣ
ƳƷԸһ漴ɫ죬
У
ԥҡͷ˵ĸףȻûʲô⣡ŮǸ֮ûӣ
ӦҾһֱ㣡
ƺϵ˵ЦɱˣȻֻҪ֣
㡭
⻰ʱɫ˲䣬漴ЦóҶС㾹ȻһȥĻǺǡ
ȥʹȥ
ȴںİֵҳһں˵Ŀ⣡죬Ҹ㣬ҽ컹Ҫɣסң
ô͸ϰɣ
첻мһƲ죬漴ʱչͬ˲һգ۱ʧ˳ǰƸ׷ȥȴƲ˴öĻƸסˣ͹٣ľƲ˺ˣǮ
㣡
ûӳһŽƱץЩƲ˱ȥϧΪһεĵ飬ȴѾʧ׷Ҳ֪ѡĸ
죬㾹ȻˣңҼţ
ƶ˶ţѣСŮ̬ȴ˲·˵ľĿ⣬ҳƺϰߣɨһΧ˺뿪˿ûнЩ˷ϡ


497 ܵʾãټޣ
صԺУûнھ¥Ƶ˵Ʋ˽Ǻ׼ȥȣ
Сƺ¿첻ţ·𽫳ƵȫˣҲ΢һ
񽣺͹ұ֣ټһ˾Ѿˣڵ꣬ܿһڴڵĳţԱ߼ܺտӣһ߸żȣһĳŶԵޱ⡭
СӣտԱߣļȣˮˡ
ְ֣Ŷ
ھͳأְ֣Ҫۣ
ְۡԽԽˣ㿩
СӼֱһԻˮĴ۾ڴԱ˿̿
ٵһͺˣ
Ϊ˲СӶŶӣֱԪӿտٶȣǵһôİɣû취˭Сأ
Ӻ󣬵һտȺˣ콫˹ȥȳţСڴӦһںŶӵŵŵŵܿˡ
һʮȣٿĴΣ
ЦãΪҲû˿Թԣ
ȻʱԺűˣұֽŴ򿪣ȴźվſڣʲô
ұ׺֮ĳԹţȻκκɫ
ôкҪ飡ܲ˿Ц
ֵܣģòұŤͷʵ
ɣ
Ҳ˺ܵĻ֮ͷһҲƲʲôˣҲͼˡ
ȥɣ
ұֲ·лʱȻҲҿȼλŮһֱۣӿ첽վ
Ȼ쾹ȻԶֿȣȴҲҶ˵ֶԵüΪ
ʦ˵һټ֮ʦϵı֣úǵĲ࣬ټϺʫʦ֮רž棬Ҳúܳ׶˱˼
ȺˣҲٱ˴ϣͨĳЩʽͻǵĹϵ
ǫ̬ʾãҲǺܼԥվŵģ
ɣ
ɨһۣԶһŵӡ
лл٣
Ӧһתſһߵղ˵Ҫ飿
ǵģ٣
ֱ壬æҲ֪ҺȻôΪҸӶִµԵʣҲЩԵ
첻ɫ
ҴһϢҪ֣Ӧþ⼸죡ֱӵ
Ŷ
⻰üëһʱԱ߳ԷļҲ׷׳˹ȥ˫ĿעúܼΪڣȴκα¶
֪ʲôôʵ
֪ӦҴүĬйأܻص
Ĭ
ЦˣĵܣΪλѡ֪ͨңĪΪҺͷĬ֮䣬ҵʤʸߣҿһСӣǷĬΪҴүλͬնﰡ
⡭
¶һĨڨЦ֪λش
ˣҲΪˣ
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ܼæ˵٣ʵʵ֮ǰȥĬʾõ˼ҲרҸӶĸһҲջ񣡶ҡ
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ңĬƺйϵǲ鲻ֻǲ²ݲ򵥣˵
ô
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֪᲻ǰΪľʾãһεĻôܱˮһˣ
ˣ֪ˣ
췭תһ¼ȣȻ˵㻹ûԷɣ
ûûУ
񽣣ȥ׼һ꣡Ȼˣܷܲܲɣ
ϣү
Ӧһһھƺųȥںȴû뵽ԷЩȻ
ô㲻Ը⣿ɨһһۡ
Ը⣬Ը⣡л٣
ȥɣ
ǣ
ЩܳæߵһߵķԣΧ˷׷׵ͷʾãҲרǵǸ˷̬ȼֱǱһˣԵޱȵǫ
Сĳţ˶ҼУҲûȥܣԲԲ˾
ڣ˭ԸһԷ
Ӵְأ
ʱ⴫˺޵û˿еŶ룬쿾ȵӣЦүȻԿȣҲδ̫˰ɣ
Сôˣ쵭ĵĪǣҲңҪıԸҲɣ
֪ˣ
ʻ޵ʱһ漴ĿЩڵĺܣȻӦǺܹ˵İɣүƺһ㶼İ
˵ŻҲûȼŮƵĿ⣬ԹԵ£޵ۡ㰡үȥտĻҲȻ¡ɣ
ʲô£Ժ޲˵жУȴҲûκκøУʶԵüΪƽ
ðɺðɣ˵ô
޽ųĵĵһۣ漴ֻ˲˵ʵСʦҹģ
Ҳ֪ǰٻȳСʦú֮⣬нҲˣ
ߺ˵Щʲôϵ
ʲô
޶ʱһۣһЩĽ˵ЩԺڰٻڶ·ȴһĻ֮ˣǰ죬Сʦ䷢͵ᣬɻ֮ĸ˳ȥСʦʲô
Ĭһתĵ
죬Ǹ
޳һƽɫȴЩƲƲ죬ˣ֪ðɣֱ˵ﻹĺͷĬһȻ֪ǵ̸Щʲôйϵ
Сʦҹ֪ͨ㣬⼸һСģϣУ˵⻰ʱЩ죬˲ļɻ٣ʵңǰٻԨԴģ
Ǻǡ
⻰ȴЦˣˣ
˼ҿɲң
ƲҪүһŭðʬΰУ˵ˣҾͲԼ鲻
ˣҸɣ˵һжģ
ڰ֣ǣҲ˵ûеõǲ˵ģĺ棬ȥ֮ǹ֪һ
֪һǻ
ԣ޸ӵĺˣ˵үôİ
Ǻǡ
Ц޼״Ҳ֪Լ޷ʲôˣʱ޺޵ĶһۣԹԵŸտõļȳ̾ѣ˿û뿪˼


498 ϧ
к޵治ҪǶûҪļȣߺߣһ֪ȻʲôöԱ߷ߣź޵̬Ʋߵ
˵
ԣʱ䣬ˣ֪΢һ㣿
˵ıû
ƲƲ죬漴䰡һ㶼ģ㿴Ǻ꾫ӣͲ챻ˣ
ĲȴһЦҲİΪ磡ףˣô˵Īڵģ
У
һ죬ע⵽Ϸ֮ʱⲻΪ㱧ƽô飬㻹Цң
С͵㣬Ҳ𣿡
Ȼ̧ͷˮ۾Ǻ档
Сӣ˵˶ٱˣ㲻׼ٽС͵㣡
ЩĻţצĳ˹ȥСһæȥһܻһߴţѽС͵ɱۡС͵ɱ
СӣվסҲ㣡
ͲͲץңС͵ññŶ
ѽѽСӣ
һһСŮ˵ĴţŪ˾ֳҲѾϰΪǺܣҶ࿴һۣǰķ׷ʲô޴Ƶģͷ̧һֱרĵŪһ׷
һĸĺˣ˶ҲĹ˲٣űţɼĳ⣬ǷܹΪѣÿܽı֡
ںޣȴĽһ۴еŮɫЩ㱣·صڰٻпֵӣϧ᳤ܻҲܶķǳɼ
ˣ
Щȶ˹ȥɣ
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СתһߣܵǰȻ׷ᡣ
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ǣˣ
ء
һӽʵʵײϣֽסҪֱǰտˡ
ô
ĵһӦ
ɫǣ
оǰһ飬ʱ羪֮㵯ݺݵĵһۣصλϣǵͷֱӰ
һУֻڲʱ䣬ɫҲޱΣòȷŲģһŷ롭

Цӣ漴Ϸʵĺһۣεɫһ˲ʧ۵ЦʲôЦ

ٶȴúЦ򴽱ߵգû뵽ٲպãŮԵǺõĲأﶼͶͱٰղָҵıأҪҪԣ
˵ţͦͦأ˶ķ˼£γһĲˡ
ŵĽǶȣ⣬ֻк޲ſǲ¼顣
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ڰ֣Ϊ˵Ĭ飬˼Ѿ֪ˣͲͷС˷ѿˮˣ
ڸ𣿡
ٱħŮһ㣬ɫʱüΪԹ촽ĵ˼ҿǺĹ֪ͨأô˼ߣûζأ
ߵĻţȥԷͲˣ
ȵȡ
ոޱ׳һǰԹ񣬽ĵϧļһ˼Һ˵ô
ӣ·˵Թһ㣬ĸĺ죡
ò˵Ůȫ޷ģ·ǳԹ֮ħŮȶҪһЩ
ȿȡл˵о˫Ŀ⣬ȼæ

ȴЦѣϸָڴӹ٣ȻĳҰٻԨԴô㻹ϣҰٻȵ飡
⻰
ԣüͷʱ壬ָĪĺͷĬһ𣿡
ֻأ
ĵĵѾ˼ҷүأڻż޹ȥء
ĬǺø
ǻһĨаЦԺиֳգҲһһ˶
ٵĸĬأ
һ۲ԶŮϷʵҾͻɿĪܹһô˵ٲĽʺŶ
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һ˵ѺضģܹоǵŨŨ⡣
Ůĵˣһʲôˣ
ðɺðɣ˵ˣ
ܹеľ棬ǲһæһĸղŵģɫȻĻҺСһ𳤴Ҳ໥˽⣡Բ㻵ֻ̫ļƶѣ飬϶ǷĬеСʦúҶϣܹһǲʤм
˵£Ҳ֮ǰģɫȻѡ
Ҷҵĵˣһ򲻻飡
˺һۣ쵭ĵ˵ٻȵˣֻҪҶ֣Ǳҵĵˣ
٣Ӧףǰٻһ򲻲·ԪݣԪ½죬ɰٻԼĹأϣܹԼȻҲͬ⣡˵
Ǻǡʱ˵ɣ
ԣһЦϣҶ֣
١
޻׼˵ʲôȴֱӻִϵˣض˵ûµĻɣҲкˣ
ðɣ
ε̾һ٣һϧˣ
ϣҡҷ˳ȥʱӰʧԺڣȻǿ϶ȥǺʫʾ˼ȥˣǻôȻҲö֪

ҹԪİˣһˣΪϧͽѾһԵʣҲȥű˵磬ϾܹһǾ˲ٵѣʮ֮ãóûúõһ𰡣
ԺڣԪİֱӵٻȵˣ
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һ£ʦҲ֪ˣ
֪ܲôⲻҪ
ԪİڰֵҪǣҪǸ֣һ԰ٻȵĻ̣Ļǣ
˲ңҲˣ
ЦʦãĪǾΪ
Ȼǣ
Ԫİ鶪һۣСӣ㲻ɮҲҪ棬ѵҪʦԹУ
ʦãҲ˼
ЦãԪİĿ⣬ȴ̾ðɣҴӦҲһǸңǾԲŹˣ
˵һ˿ĺâˣҲʵĻᣬĬȻҪԸ㽫ƾͼƣȥҸˣ˳㻹Դӷ֮õһЩħʦĶνһá


499 ƾҲħʦ
ħʦȶʽʼˣ
ħƵ֪ʶӣҲԽ˽ħʦĴڣ⼸ʱħʦһгΪ˾۵Ľ㣬ȻǷҴүĬԼ
죬һΪʦһ亱ħʦ
Ϣ˶ޱȵȤյľӿ˽֮֮ǰǲɵ߿գ涼кܶ˷ȥİɣ
ǲҪ
ʱ֣б˶׷׵ˣҲˣ֮˵Ȼ˵ȴ֣ϵ֣ƺȫûнеıϡ
죬ҿô
һˣĬ죬Ѫɱ⡣
ĬߣҼҲĬɴ⣡֮ǰҲӺڤħ̵йһħƳӡħʮ־ȻħʦҲһи
ףģ׵ģ
Ĭصͷ꿪ʼѧϰħƣֱڶʮȥΪħʦ˵ļѣôҲԲܳҵģ
ΣһҪȫԸҲϣʬҳ
ҲģһҪɱ죡
Ĭҧһƽ˲٣ȴеɱȴȻôԣԵüΪ
֪ĻᵽˣʵǿʲôãħʦıȶʵȻܹһĸȴ
ⷽ棬ĬԼѹʵ
磬ǸĬأһץཱུСŪһ˵
Ϳɣ˽¾ûʲôĻˣ
ʼ磬ͷϰһڣЦŮ˵ǲǰ
ְ˵Ǿأ
ԥĵǰְֲͬģǸһ֧أ
һ֧裿ʲô裿
Ȼ裡
߼֮󶼲Ц֣Ҫ裬ǷĬö˵ºκλ֮ıһʬ壬Ƕ֪ôģ
Сӣ˴ӦְֵĻûҵ㲻׼裡Сӣ˵
ſְֻ
СӲϰԴſС쳯ָҧȥֻǲζûҧУģȴǸֿɰһݸ
ף㡭
ʱȻָŲԶ߹ĳƾʱĳƴһɫȹ̤һ˫ɫͲѥǰ͹µģԲĴչֵ쾡£һ·֪˶˵עĿ⡭
ۡ衭
ƵɲǣһӴĻȥת˲Ͷ˳ƵĻһƺȴΧ֮˷׷¶˲ŵɫôһĴ˶ȻһôŮ
˭˭ɷ
һ˲䣬˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥΪûǣղǽְţ
㣬ôˣ߹ĳƣ˱죬Ǻʵ
Ȼǹ
ЦЦ˴к˿ǺĺϤ˭֪ƺ֮ʵЩ޵أ

ƵĻʱס㾹ȻҲħʦף԰㲻ǲôѾ˱ʱ䣬ôԲ
Ͳ֪˰ɡ
ֱӽӿڵ˭óС˼ҵʦʥߴأ
Ȼ󣬵ȴҲСΧкܶ˶⻰һʱųƵĿҲ𾪣мΪòı˸ǸϽɢȥ˼
ϣȥʥ֮ͽӻ̫ˣȥ
ҵȷʦΪħʦûʽʼҲܹлӽ
ƺݺݵһۣŽ͵
˶ٺ󣬳뵽ʲôתԵˣ˵ǷҵķүĶǧҪ˲źã
⻰гϷʣǶüͷ治˵
ģҼȻҴӦаգ
治ɫЦС㣬ϳ֮ӶûˣĻƲҲÿ
ò㵣ģ
ֱһŤͷѺ̸ȫ첻ǣʱʱĶŪзһĨĸĹâȴǰȫ̬ͬ
һ̣ǺһĸŮһ㡣

˴Űʱħʦıʽʼˣ
ʮμħʦԱ׷ϳû˳ͨȶǰܹٲ²⵽ԷһЩʵ
ƽ£һͬ볡ȺŽţէȥСһ㣬ϯ̨ϵ켫ʥ߻켫һĻȴźЦѡ
Ԫİһۣȴûж˵ʲô
һϳķĬȴһ˫Ŀϣ·һݷĶߣʱҧһڡ
ĬĶ˵ڳ˲֪˲һ־ڳƵò֮⣬󲿷ֵĿⶼȫϣЩ˶ϣ֮һսѪصĳܹÿĵһѪѪԡ
죬û뵽޸ôã
Ĭŵߵǰһ۳ƺһĨĵ磬ټһעΣ
˵ţḬ̆ĳȥͷ촽ĵ˵˳֮⣬Ҫ׳ԼŮˣҡҪˣ

ɫ˲䣬ȻôԼ
Ҫһ㣬һﾹȻ˵СŮˣ
С۹ôῴ죿
Ҿܾ
ԥҡͷĬʱЦô㲻ң
ӲŮģ˵ͲҵŮˣ쵭ĵ
ʲôŮˣ
ĬղſúŮ衭
Ųţˣʼ
ԣĬŤͷȥаЦλС㣬ĲŮˣ͸űүҰɣұ֤ĺģҪϵҲ취ժ
ŷĬĻޱĳԱŲ˼һٶȴ÷Ĭӵ⣬ˡ
ȴҧгݵĺݺݶһۣҲδ̫ûоӷ˰ɣ
С㣬ôĬƣ۾ȷмϣֻȴ֪˿Եʲôˡ
ĬҴүޱĿڡ
ң
ԭ˵ĶܲҲϣܹʤˣ
Ƶĵǣһ˵Ҹ㣡
ɱң
⻰ĬȴǹһЦ֮ҲһĶˣĸԸҵŮˣ׸Σ
ĬĻ̨ܿϵǷ׷׾治֪үôţ
һʱ䣬˶׷װ˵ĿڷĬͳϡ
֪ݵˣԷĬĴ󵨸еԾЦѵĳĬֱĴָЦү㵨㣡


500 죬㻹ǲǸ
ǸǺֶĶķĬ
ϯ̨ƵķУһĻĻ켫һĨâɫΪ䡣
ֻĬôĵӰ
ԪİЦǲȥˣ
ֶŮϷŪĬĵӿ湻İλʥҲ׷Цѣ֮໥Ե˼֮ĹϵҲʮ֮ãϾܹʥֵزѰһЩԹҲȫУ
񣬷ĬȻҶʥ֮ͽᱡⲻǻòͷô
÷Ĭ֪Ƶݣŵƨɣ
ƶôɣ
켫ǻһĨмֵһᣬŲħƵĴУɵ˻켫̶ֳȣЩȫԲں
ҲǵģôţҲְֶ֪ŮԪİû˵
ӣϣֶǵֶŮһ𣿡
ŷЦſԪİ飬Ԫİȴֱߵôң
ãǲ㣡
ŷʼ磬һ׼ҵֶŮʶأҲˣ
λʥⷿЦǺǵ죬עȴȻ죬ԼĬϣ
ʱķĬһ˫Ŀг̰·޲һ̱ܹѹ£
һʱ䣬̨жżʼƵģ˵ĿⶼȫߣƵӸǱޱȣΪ켫ʥߵͽܣΪҶС㣬ܹᱡ
ע⵽ĬĴָģһתȴǺıӱޱȰԹȥͬСŮ˰ҧ촽ĵ죬㾹ȻôңôĿ˼ô𣿡
ۡ
ûһڿˮ
ʲô
СʲôʱôСŮˣһֱǿƵ
죿һصأ
СүʲôʱôˣӣСүҵŮƵģ
УС㣬ҪɧҲѡʱòãûźһֱڿô
С㣬˵ʲôأûĵ
Һ˵ô˵ˣ
ưԹĵŮɣְ֣ʲôأ
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ڳƻɲǣСӴ˹ʱͷߣСĪǱƸˣ
үҪҪôĥҰ
оԼϽôԼԩ˭ţ
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ȥˣǶĽʺޣ
ƾʲôƾʲôô޵ŮˣƾʲôΪҴүȫǰŮ˲мһˣ
죬
죡
ŤͷֱӵһۣҸ㣬ҳŮˣܣƾҲҼȣҿҼһëȲϣ
ޣԵޣ
Ҫˣ֮ǰôóС˵ĸڣ
ע⵽۽һĨϷʣﰵ޲ѣƣСүҼţСүҲһɫ㻹浱СүҺ۸ǲ
ת˲䣬ͷһƵĿжʱһĨϷʣóƼʱһûڵɲǣֻһϢٶһֱֻ䣬˲Ǳֱ§˻С
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⻰ôô죿
ԸһóСӣ˵ʲôأ

ʱӣСסѵȹӣ⡣
죬ſң
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ٺ١ղ㲻˵ôô׽§һ§һҲʲôɣ
컵Цѣаٵķ緶šһ˫۾·Կ·һ㣬óֺ֮С
㡭ſң
ƲϵŤӣǺε˿ڴΣվ˶ķĬŭ죬ǵطԣ֪ʵ㣬޲óȥʬΣ
죬ͱүгǰɣүʲô㶼ҪһţΪү۸
ʱȴаЦָֻ֣ڳ䲻ߣųƣȻȴƺԼһ㣬֮﷢һֲ֪Ŀ־岻ĵ
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Ĭʵ̲ȥˣŭ죬ҷſ
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§ųƣͷĬȹƨ£ʲô⣿
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صأú֣
컹ȥ˵СүǲˡǸղŲ֪Ķȥ˵̨ȴȻٴγˣʱ̨ʮ˶׷ȻһЩҲٶԣصȴŲе˵
ĬЩʣ˳ƣóƳŮˣɺȴȫ죬ע⵽еĲм÷Ĭɱ
ħʦΪ̫ٵԵʣʶֱӴӶ֮оһ棬򣡡
̨еҲ׷˶˿Ĵ⣬̨ϵҲħʦǼ˵ͨһϲܹͨûѧʲôһ£
ܼ򵥣ṩѡÿЩƷʻǷ涼ȫһԱҪЩϿӡħƣ涨ʱʱ
ʱȥÿ˽ϽһӡħƵĳΪղöݡ
ȻûгɹϽȻҲ㱻ֱ̭֮ÿ˶ʧΣҲһ仰¿һɶ֮˵
Ϊħ֮ԭ֮ʱڵĸСҲʹ˳ȥڵʮħʦڹ컯֮£ΧʮڵУϣܹ˶ħ֮˽⣬ڿϹʱħʦޱȻԻ͵ĳ桭
Щ˶κ飬뼸λʥߴԣ˭ֵӣ
ˣλұְκθҳߣȥ
̨еĻǺܿҵ˸Եλãһֱ߰һģһĳõȴҲ㻵ֱר׼ſ̵ǷѡʹþҪѡֱˡ
֪Ƿɺϣ߸պǳƺͷĬˣҲ֪㲻ǲԩҲͷ
졭
º󣬷Ĭ죬Цɱĵ֮ĶĶҪˣ
ã仰ҲСү˵ģ
ʼ磬һЦݣڷĬֻǿţԼѧϰ˶ʮĿӡħƣС


501 ӡħƣж
űʽʼڶʱ˵Ŀⶼȫʮħʦϣ֮ǰ󷨣ƶ֣˿ȴľף
ӡħƣҪǰĻǴ˴αҲ֪ϳͷ֮⣬ôħʦĴڣƵĺȻ֡
ʱʱŤͷĬͳȥɷĬȴȫĿ⣬ȻѾȫ˿ӡħ֮УȻݵмֿ֮⣬ƸоעӣȴǶݺݵĳһۡ
ᱡٶóＫΪңӦǳ˵֮ƺֿƮĸޱȣ֪Լ׸Щʲôеһ˿ɱҲʱȻ޴桭
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ƶݺݵŭȴЦʼ磬ԣղ˵Ҳˣ
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˫һ̯޹аЦС㣬ñңȻһ֪֪ʲôˣ
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Ҳûٺ˵ʲôŤͷԼϵ׼ʼʽӡħƣ
ˣҼסˣ
ں̬ȣóֻԼˣŭ޲ȥݺҧһһڡ
ߣҵ뿴Ҫ˷Ĭô죿
ҧҧ촽ݺݵĳһۣſʼԼħƿӡ
ħƵĿӡѶҲǲϱҪħʦõƿȻӡħƵĿ̵ҲԲɻȱ
ֱߵĿ̵΢оһ£ɵüͷֵУ⣡
ʲǫ̂˹΢Ц
֪λԪʢϲ׵ı֣Ҳ֮ǰǼ˽⵽һЩ뼸λʥ֮Ĺϵʱ˿ĵ
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Ȼԣ
еͷ֮׼̵ǵĲѡԼû׼׼ĻԼҲԣ
֪ˣл

кܿ߿ʱһǧý˳
һâӿǧý仯һֿɳֵĿ̵˵Ѿ·ȫûκɬ
ⷬٶ˲ٵע⣬ǧýЧ˾֣̾ڽͷĬ֮ĶʱúЩ˸һЩ
ߣȡ裡
ĬмƲƲ죬ѾʼħƵĿӡ
̬ȣĶȻĬħ֮ѾϤչֳǲʵ
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ÿһ۳ƣѾȴĿӡĵħƣҼɹɵԳƸ߿һЩ
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ڴʱұߵķĬȴǵɨһۣĵħƳɹˣǱԽԳַ
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û뵽ǸĬɣ
ưҡҡͷܿûκĽ뵽ħƵĿӡС
ÿһħƣҪͬȼħΪԴ룡ħʦñǽЩħеӡװϣװãֻҪһħ·ߣڿӡ;в˿ͣϾпܻÿӡʧܣħװͬʱ٣صпܻвħʦİȫ
ء
ը֮ʱʱҲζһδεʧܡ
ת۱һʱȥȻѡʧȥλᱻֱ̭Ҳ˸ӵСģһΪ޷ľƽ͵ˣ̨̱̭еļල£ûκνҿԣ
ѾΣԼʵ޷գֵ˭
ֳɹˣ
ŵħƵĿӡɹĬһĨ˷ܣ
״̬ǰδеĺãԼħҲһԳɹ
ôż
Ĭмɨһ죬ǰ͹µģѾӡõħƵĳڶУʼµĵһħƵĿӡ
⵹ǷĬ̫СģħʦĿӡˣҪƿغԼľȻܹӡԽ࣬ڼʼߵȼħƿӡҲԽаգɱǴ⣡
ȻĬıע⣡
ʱ仹УҲʣȫӡħƣ󼴱ӡħʧˣҲܹʱץסʱеڶοӡ˱֮ͷɳɹĻһЩ
ף쾹Ȼֱӿӡħƣ
·ڵڶϿӡħƺ󣬷Ĭķ쾹óħʼӡɵɫ˲䣬ע⵽ƽɫ￪ʼˡ
ĪħƷʵҪ߹ң
ⲻܣԲܣ
Ĭ˦˦ͷڴħƵĿӡʧܣ
Ĭ֮⣬ǳҲע⵽Ķɵ뵽űᱡΣɵһţ̵ֳֶֿȻһ漴˲䣬ҪѾˣ
һĵһοӡʧˣ
죬㣡СŹģ
ƶ찵ѣæڶʼ¿ӡ
һУȴ·ûκεĸо֪ѾȫԼУ·еĳǧýȫںһȫκӰ죡

裬Ŷ
ǿӡħƵʱԭһֱעϵȴȻС⶯ȵ
԰ôȻô㣿
ѣԼŮŵˣü΢塣
˳ܴȥֵǣ֮⣬ΧȴûһκεĲ
վԱߵĿ񽣣ұԼ˾Ҳȫ޸о
ԣ
ΧѰԴʱȻһ䣬æסж


502 ؼҶСثhı
һʮ徻СԺݳȫ˵ע⣬ΪСԺӵĻߣ˴߾˵һ˵ĺõط
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黷Χ뵽֮ǰͻ䣬ɫ˲üΪѿ
ѽ㣬㣬
鲻˯ߵѣԼһ߻ܣ֡
̡ǲӦڿıôô
ףȫԪ޷ʹãô£
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ŵħĻֶжһȴܹڲһʱʧȥǣƣͬʱ֮ҲȫԪɥʧĻָֻܱ֮״̬׸
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񽣣ұԼ֮˾ֻԼ뿪ȻûǵѯʣҲû̫ķϣЩ֣˭뵽ж֮ȫɵľٶأ
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ĬȴԽɪЦˣǳɱ
ģԲԣسĬȥĿ
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һʱ䣬ǽһԼһԼŮ˺Ůξ
Ĭ˿̵ı飬ŵ˫ǵ⡣
ʵǿڻǾҪڱүϣ찡죬үһùҪ㳢ζ
ϯ̨УһֱעԪİüһô£ʲôȻʧˣ
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ԪİվǸղ˭ͽʲôʱ뿪ģ
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λʥ߶ҡͷ
³״ˣ
ԪİһĶͷ̳ϧ˵ϧڲ뿪㲻ǲУȥ


503 ٶֵ
ڣΪǵԵʣڵһħƿӡʧܺȴǳٳûмڶħƵĿӡ˫ʱգʱɿɫص˼㡣
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񽣣
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飬Ѷʲôʱ뿪ģϧֱʵ
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ΪŮˣϹԶĪˮϲĪˮѾ鵱˴˶Դ
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ثhȻŮľٶȴûκҪյľۼǰҪʧȥسʹ࣬ٱǧĳϡ
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˵ţŮƶһԼλãͬʱ·Ϊڻ濴ȥ࣬Ȼ˯ܹӶãҲֻܿˡ

죬ҪŮƽ£ÿ䣡
òôɣѵĿԼŮȥŶˣǸɰŮ
û뵽˾˵ı䣬Լ֮˵ˣ㻹𣿡
Уûע£Ĭϵ˵ţǻͷ·һϸƵĲϲĵס
ĬѾ۲ˣȻǸħʦҲֻ弶ħʦѣӡħƻʮֵļѣɹʾԲһɣԼѾħʦľ֮ãֻҪ䣬ôħʦĵһĬöˡ
Ȼһ䣬Ǿζʹսᣡ
ĶҪģ
Ȼģ
ĬĻ˫кâ˸ɱȻ
ȻĬȴ˿壬ЦôɱңҾԲᷴģֻҪҶһëұ֤ŮǣŮһȥҶ𣿡
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504 ħʵ
Ĭεĵ⣬ɱĻǿ϶ԽΣգҶ֪Ĭ׽ǴȥʲôطҪԮ϶ˣ
뿪ҲζûյĳɼͬڷĬϣôͷĬ֮ĶҲˡ
һԼһǡ
ԼܹȳŮĻȻκεԥԷĬ覴ñرԸ䣬÷ĬԼɱĬյļһҲԲŹȼŮ
ɫĬΪ⣬죬Ҫˣ
Ĭұɱ㣡
ҧŭҺˣұ֤ҲԻ֮أ
ô㲻ԣ
ĬƺźܴģܹħʦжõһôĬܿ촫Ԫ½ʱ϶кܶӡħƣ˭ֻΪҰСӶһħʦأ
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ĬݺһҧʼԼħƿӡ
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أȴڵħƳɹԥĿʼħƵĿӡԼھʮ㣬֮ǰǷĬвȫѾںˣ˵ֻ֪о콫ĬսʤܹлȥǾȳ
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ʱķѵԳһЩŰСʱǱΪͨĳʣһ¶ͷϵ亹гЦݺԡ
ĳɹˣ
ƾߵħƣȻĳɹˣ
ѶȣħӶʮϰٱ쾹ȻܹӡߵħƣҲζ߼ħʦ
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Сһȫ
ڳƵ𾪣Ĭǵɴ˫ۣȫǲš
ôܣô߼ħʦ
Ĭ촽ҧƳѪȫҲģһģ죬Һƴˣ


505 Ů裬һߣ
ߵħƵĳɹþħʦʧȥģһ𺧡
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ȳ̨ʾ⣬ûеڶ֮˵еֻǵһҲûй˵ֱ䡣
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ʱһըѺ촫漴˷ĬԵŭ
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ŭĴַ̼ɱ⣬÷Ĭ˫ĿԽԳѪ죬ȴȻûоʹ˷ʼγħƵĿӡ
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ǸƫƧԺ䣬ǺثhߵŮȻ˿̺ثhȴȻ쵽ʲôƿ˽ȥ
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˵ţثhɱֱסĲӣһᣬӵʱףڴʱԵü˲١
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Ѫűߵĸʹ಻ܹо߹ǾȻղһֱ߶˼
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ſ飡
ѺԥļثhȥȻ໥֮ӣɾôʱദѾã裬ܹܵס

ÿثhһӣһֱϮñٴͬߵķһ㵹ɶ֮ղűߵǴΣڸʹܹ࣬оԼѾ飬һһڵѪȾȹޱȱߡ
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Ьӣ
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ثhЩĴЦҾͺݳǵͬھ㲻óöôΪһûԼֶΣŲţֻҪһ֤гǧ˸᣿㣬㻹㣬Ƕһǰ棡
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һȥɣ
Ůס˶ԷĲӣȻȫеģֻôȴûʲôá

Ůɫ˲䣬ԥԪӿ漴Ѻʹһٴγȥ
Ѫ˿ڴӿγһ޵Ѫ硣
ȫκһ㷴֮ǴƴȴҲ
ĪǣǾҪ
ɫȻЩڣûһٵ˾ȻŮ˵ȤûУһҲδ̫ˡ
ɣ
Ůûиκζʱ䣬ڽ˿ȥ֮󣬱ٴγֽƽ
â˸·һ㡣
Ѿʱ
Ȼǳƽһ˲䣬ȻֱӴƷ䣬Ů⧲֮£ݺݵػǵӣһӰٶ
ʦ
ˣʱ۾һ漴ȴΪƣƣǰһڵֱӻ˹ȥ
ûǧһʱ̸ˣϧ
ʮּʱ룡ǰϽ˵Ĳ״ϧŭӯһֻŭķˣȼޱȵŭ桭


506 ֮ŭĬˣ
֪֮ͨ󣬱㰴˵ȥԪİ飬ΪԪİΪղ޷뿪Եʣ֪ͨѰҵϧϧиϵԷһ
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һĿˣثhԵޱ𾪣
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ثhһ۱еأȴ֪Ůɫѿ˼㣬ݺؼ֮ˣòҪ£򡭡
Σ
Ⱥثh˵꣬ϧ˫΢еһؼңŵ뿴Ǻؼж˲𣿡

ϧԳƣثh˫ͫʱһ
ԳƣԪǿ߿УиԸȥģǾʥǿߣ
㵽ʲôˣثhЩ־ĵ
㲻֪ҲԴС
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˵ʲô
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ϧһץƾսثhץϣ֮ͬǰثhץסǰѣʹúثhŮ˶ʱɫԽ԰ףܵϧкεŨɱֿ־塭
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˵ţϧ˵ʲôֱӽҩιʱ֮ԭľת¿ͨҲָ˲٣ϧȴȫ
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㡭
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Ǻǣûµģٿʱһ£
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Ǿͺã
ϧһæҩֱιУɫ𽥻ָϧŷĲ١

ڣȻڻָ֮ʣǷĬɹӡ˵ħƺڽеħƿӡ֮ʱȴʧˣ
һը죬ֱѣ÷Ĭ˶ʱЩͣɴ˫Ƿϡ
λʧˣҲζ̭ˣҪǣ֮Ķˣ
ⲻǼ򵥵䣬
ʱ䣬ĬԺתŸͷ
ܣ
ǷĬΨһܹģڵѵɲǣ˫۶һһ
ΪʵĸĬҲԲĶ֣˵ĬֶҪв䣬ĸ׷뿪
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Ĭɫףͷ亹޿־塣
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컺Ĭȥɫѡ
죡
ĬӲתͷ죬Ҳû֮ǰš
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һεĶĶˣĳ׵ף
ˣ
쵭ĵĬԸһûֱ̱ڵϡ
ʱ̨Ҳ֮ĽӡߵħƳΪħʦȶĵһڷĬΪʧ̭ܶ˵ʤˣճɼûУ
ҡҡ
죬Ĭ죬ȴһ仰˵
ǶȣӮˣŹô
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ҡ
ĬҪƱ磬û˵ֱӴϵЩҲͰˣ㾹ȻڻԪʢڼıԸңץסҵŮˣץסҵŮв䣡Īǣ÷ҴүΪ

⻰ע⵽Ĭȫ޴ӱɫһƬȻЩħʦ̨Уϯ̨еļλʥߣȫȻŶԷĬһĲмӡ
ˣֱˣ
죬ҵȷˣ
ĬؿڵɱңҸ㣬Ҳһˣұ֤֮󣬾㲻ŮҲҵģ
ͷȻвң
ɫһݣֱһŷߣĬ߳ʮ׿⣬һȴ״һЦš
ȻҾͳȫ㣡
˫Ŀһɱ⼱͡

ȻʱһӰӿ̨ƮɶǱǷĬ֮Ҽң
ң
üëһЦôҪ˵
ˣ
ҺݺݳĬһۣЦȮ³ç£˵׵ҲмΣ飬͵ҷǷһ飬Σ
ôĿǷҵ湻İ
ԣֱЦ˵Ϊ۸ºǸˣ㲻֪ҺͷĬ֮ʱѾ췢ԣͬʱ֮ĸӦŵĻȥ
ԣ֮ĸӦ
⻰Ҷʱɫ䣬ŤͷĬ˹ȥö˵ǷĬǱޱȻɫ˵һˡ
ҪΪ׵ôŶȥһ
һҳ٣ŹĬұ֤ӴԺҷ֮Уǰɷ񣿡


507 ɱĬң
֮Ӧԣô׶ܵģ
շĬУ֮Ҳͬ˵ǰ𲻵ú
ȻҪ÷ĿԼȥҲǶ϶ϲܵġ
˵һԸŹĬһôضŷĬϻؼȥͬʱĬӽԺ뿪һһɱԴĳʹ
ֻǣԸŹĬô
Ҵ˿ﲢûжϣܹҪһԵģ
ҵĻΧһƬǷĬӮˣǼһǾԲŹ죡
ףҪ
Ĭ̧ͷ˫ͨ죬ҧгݵĵҾҲԲͷҷĬǷҴүܹһҰСӸģ
ҰСӡ
ԣǸֳһĨаЦ˫иǺâ˸
ȻڣǷұʱתͷȵӣ죡
ǳ˷Ĭһ䣬ֳ˵ӦŹⲻӣԸ⽫괿Ϊлͬʱұ֤ԺΪһ£ҷˣŲܶѵ鶼ܹ
ҵĻȻԳֳϿңͬв֮⣡
ҿٶˣɱҶӣ´ҲԲҷ֮˵Χɱ
Ȼ첻Ǳץס˷һâ
Ĭ鷳֮ǰ˾ռҪɱԼħƷһУҪռڤŴζ֣¾һúɱˣο죿
Ȱÿ
˫΢еĳˣǻԪʢᣡǱ߸мλʥߴעߣ
㡭
뵽־ܾķȻҲ֮׼˲ٵ˵ǣֻҪŹĬ㸶ٴĴۣҲܹڲ֮һ൱ֻʱ챣ܱܶѡ
Ȼȴû뵽쾹Ȼֱλʥв÷һֱ֪νӿڡ
ߵĻôȻҪ˵ðʥϣʹ˿ĬҲضС
ڷĬ
ȷ˵ʲôĿ糯Ĭȥޱסң
ٺôĿ
ҺЦҽ쵹뿴ôɱĬ
ŵԪڵʵԪҲһ֮ңˣνʮ㣡
ɷϣ֮ħ֮Զ˵츳ʣɲҪʱ䣬ħҲ޷ṩ÷ӵĽһܶɶв
϶ֻҪԼǿƱסĬô콫ûκλᣡ
ȻˣǱپɱ㿴
ĿһĨâ漴ǧýУƷӿʱͬ籩һ㼱ӣڳ˶ܹоһѹǲԶķĬ
⡭
ҶȻɫ䣬ʵȻôǿ
Ĭ
磬Ԫļת֮ʩչ˼£һâ㳯ŷĬȻϮȥ
ÿ죡
˫һԥгһ˸ҫ۵İâԥĳնȥ
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״һʱӴǧýɢޱȴ۵Ĺâݺҵĳײһ𡭡
䣡䡭
ֲĺǧýҳĶײһӣһ籩⣬˵ļٶȻֹסʱֹͣһ㣬ڰ໥ԣͷƮɣԵǰ㺧ˡ
㡭Ȼвҵʵ
󾪣ʱȫסˡ
쵽˻Ķʮ꣬˳ɾͣ⻹Ǹ
ȻһɲǣǺȻ¶һĨаЦ÷ҶȻɫ䣬ãĬܣ
ܣܵô
첻мһƲ죬ϿɢһЩɱŨ
ĬĽٱ䡪ն
ŭУһ޴â˲֣ܿռĽ˲һ㳯ǲԶķĬֱϮȥ
ٶȣѾ쵽˼㣬صԪУӿ˼֡
Ҫأȴǰȭ֮Ȼ÷ȫ޷־Ԯ

𿴷ĬղжôĴȻ֮ʱԵüΪŵվվסˡ
䣡
һȻǾ޴ĽâֱӶ˷Ĭ壬ըըһȻըѣѪɣžƽĲѪȣ
һ̣Ĭף˵ȫʬˣһ岿ֶû£
ĬˣΧ˶׷סΪҪǺܶ˶ֳʵסˣһʱһƬžš
Ĭ
һĻ÷˺ѷεĺţ˫ĿԽ죬ǳ޾ķ
ĬǷóħ֮ˣ׵ҲȲϡ
Ĭ֮ȫ̼˷ҵɱģ
죬ҪҪ
Ҵŭţ۾ɱ⣡
ȥʲôʥߣȥʲôԼʲôԣڷ˵ɥ֮ʹԳܣֻнɱŲܹ΢Ἰ֡
⻹
ĬǿŮô
ĬţΪɱ죬ȻŮȫɱȥ㣡
ҵĬΪ㱨𣡡
ɥ֮ʹ÷Ҳ˲ʲôˣɱӿȣ·ܱߵһУֱɱĲݣ
׼ҵŭҲԤ֮УǰҵĹУȴ˿κλңֳǧýɵĵֵţȫκ·磡
˫ĿѪ죬˿̷ȫǶɱ⣬гİˮӿȣͬƵģ
ȴһһʽĿٵֵȴЩżϾڶ˵ϽŮİȫҪģ֪ʥϧѾϹȥԮˡ
ϡ
ײڶǷŭĴ̼¹첻òشʱ棬ʱյļսݣ˷׷׾̾ѣ߸ڲϵΪ߷Ҵ͡
òϣҲǷҼŵԪʵʵȫչ˳ѹ
û취֮ǰڿӡħ֮ʱľͺܴټ֮ղΪ˻ɱĬĲ٣ֲܹܵľѾǺܲˣüڷħĹУˡ
Уܺȥ
ﲻϵ˼ţҪȥǣ
˴شһԪӿǧýһֱӽҵĳ𿪣ץסᣬֱӻһӰóȥ
ܣ죬Σ
Ҽ״ԥļ׷ϮôʱڵЩ㵣ЩΪ˿ϷȻԥĳ뿪ķ׷ȥ


508 ˾պؼҺذأ
ӾԺľ벻ٶҪʮӣϾݳǱĳУȲݳǵĴСȴҲΪ㡭
ټ֮ڵԪѾ˽֮߳࣬ٶҲȻ١
󣬷Ҳϵ׷ϮƽûиκϢָʱ䣬ҲֻܲϵطõҩԻָֻα겻αûʱȥҩЧֻɵҩԼڷӲ䡭
Ȼ䣬һӰֱӳ֣Цеվǰıؾ֮·ϡ
˲Ǳˣ˾ռļ˾պأǸŵǸҪæ̵ˣֻǱܾ˶ѣ
֮ļʱ䣬˾պȻÿ춼óУȴҲûἰκι̵顣
˾պصĺȻ֣ﰵ
˾ռĶԹѾ֪лܹնɱ˾պؾԲŹ
̵ƣҲǷҪ鲻ɣ
ܹסпҪЮΪ䲻һеƣ⵹ҲʧΪһ£
˾ռʲôͣ˾պس
ֵܲõģֻҪһ仰Ϸ԰㽫£˾պصЦ
ô
ֱЦǲ֪˾ռҪЩʲô
ºֵСȥ˾ռͰˣֵܷģ˾ռ¶λϱ˿
˾պ˵ţʱķҲϵˣһŭУʱųӺ泯ֱȥ
âĲɱ
ϣ
ԥĻӽ񵲣ڷҵǿ󹥻УֱֻһʹӶһ¡
ţҾû˿֮⣬ĺâ˸һâϳλնȥǷŭӷ·Ҫһֲ
첻ҷ˾պؽֳǧýٵֵ˾պصĹһнһеĽסΪ̫󣬶дбɱ֮ĵ£ľԽΣգʱ侹ȫѹƵˡ
ֵܣҪˣ
˾պվڲԶЦݵĵֻҪӦҵ֣
˭죬ҵĵˣ
ŭ˾պأҷ˾ռҲˣ㲻ҲˣȻ
ϵʲô
˾պԣȴЦɱֵܣ˭ȥͣϵܣҲ֪СĬֵ֮Ķ֮£СĬҲˣαزģߡ
ƨ
˾պ˵꣬ұʱŭĬĪǾ͸ɣ˾պأҼסˣҪҳ֣ҷұ˾ռݣ
Ϊ˸Ĭ𣬷Ѿʲô˲ˣ
ڷڤԣĬܵӣǷĬħ֮ϵ츳ҽҪٷչضֻĬĬһж˿̸
βŭ
ʱ˾պأ֮Ժȴ˫һĨâЦݲļϵǺ⣿˾պؿûǷ˺Ƥ˼ҲֵȥǱͶѣϣϵܹϸһӣ
㡭Σ
Һԥ죬ҲɱĲݣ
ϵܣǺοأ
˾պҡҡͷ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻһһӰü뻨ףǳɫ£мɷǵģֻǴ˳ֺĿ䣬һ֪Ȼ࣡
Ըףһ֮նɱ󣬱ֱӳԵ
Ǻˣ
˾պüͷһ壬ϵϢ˹죡
ϷذأݺؼҴϣߣҲǺذصĵ
ݺؼҴϡ
˾պңҲ֮һ
Դϴκسкȥ˽һ¹ںؼҵһС
ذأȻǺؼҵĵһ֣ȴʵǰҪǣذسʵԪ۷⣬öǳ뻯ټ֮䳬ڳ˵ļƣΪؼұزٵĴڣ
˵ذȫлΪؼҼģذضȨԣǿӦΪؼҴϣ֮Ժؼнյľ棬ذؿνǹûںؼ֮кذصĵλܹؼҼͬ
ذ۰ıǺسثhã
سߣؼҵõϢثh㲻һеظϹԭڱչسͻԪĺذҲ֮أȻһȴҲǼʱϵˣ˴˷ֵĳ
ԭǺسϣ
˾պسذع˹֣ЦسϲǱߴţĪҲմ֣
֣
˾պصĻسڰ֣˫΢еĵϷûǸȤϷֶӳУϷר̹ģϷҪܾ֮࣬
ʲô
˾պɫ˲䣬Ȼ˵жһ֣ȴκν
˾պػȥҪЮæ̵ȴû뵽첻˷ңɱ˺ؼҶٺس壬ֱԼ
һʱ䣬˾պصɫЩԥ
ǷҵĻҲ壬ݺؼһöңȴǣҪǼǣúؼǰȥ˾ռǱ˼ɵ¶ܹӵһ˾ռҲ˰䡭
Ҫɱĥң
ЦذأңƾϼһҸǣСүҲǱŴģ
Сӣ
˫䣬ŭȳ֣һʱһ·ֱ£ź嫵
ϣ
һ̶ĺ̫޷ȫֿǱһֱӴӰȥ˲ݺһǽ¸һӣ̳Ʈɣľ
ʱǴӾҪֵĲ˶׷׵ˣĲ״ѾȻ˾պذˣһǾ֣ȴΨǣ

׹ӣоڵĿ飬ԥץ˼ŵҩιͬʱŴʱ̳ڣתҩԣЩ԰׵ɫ𽥻ָȴܹԸоֱԷذض˵ɱ⡭
̫״һ˶ʮּѣ˵ˣǺذظóöϼһԪǿ߶һս֮
ȴڣǺس廹ǷĬԸ
ˣͺƴ
ƴҲڣҪϽŮȳ˵
ȻذغεɱУټһٴ˿̲֪ǵѵ˾պأûаհȻӴ˴ȥ
׸ô죿
ԺвתͷҺڴӾ뿪֮ǰ˵һ²Ҫ棬ջ͹ұ֡
ܹľֻԼ
죬
ҷɵϷĿ͸̳ȥֳִɱʮ㡣
Уȥү
ԱȺУż֡
У㲻ȥ
ұּæסҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǼһ˴һȺл߳Цسϣ֪ɷһӣ


509 ͨɽׯ
߳ǲԣ캣Ĵ֮һıȴֻһׯһΪͨɽׯׯ
ͨɽׯλڶݳԱ￪⣬ڶ˿ʮ֣ΪǶݵشԪ½ԱΪݣĸûֻͨǺܶ˶֪ͨɽׯеġָǺ
Եĳ֣˾պ˲ɫһ䡣
Ψһһ֪ݵˣԾȻ˼ɵֱӳ棬ԽĹ˼һЩ
ڷذأȴֻǸоǲǵʵüͷԶ
ʥ£ԪΪ
Ϊӵʥʵ֮˵ʵ̫٣ʶԪ˵ѾǾԵһǿˣЩʵУ浽˱ƲѵĹͷԲԵ޹ʵȥһԪǿߣϾ˭ұ֤˵˼ҲڽΪʥ
ǡ
Ųԣֵ´˴Ϊӣ
²ԣԶͨɽׯ
ͬЦŵСȴһ֮ԵǷسԸ棬¶м
ԭǲׯǾˣ
üͷ΢ĵׯȻ첢ֺα˻ˮҲׯӣ̫ҷҲŲ֮𣡻ׯ£
Ŷô
Цݲ䣬תһԵĺذȥЦǲ֪سΪΣ
죬ձ
ذޱ˵ҺؼҶٺس֮ѲĹϵɱҺؼδ棿ׯҪˣҪΪһԼҪ鷳
˵λǲԸĳˣ
ǾԲŹĻϵЦɢȥĿڵȻˣǲĳҲûʲô˵ģְɣ
ׯǺοأ
üͷԵׯ֮ԩ޳𣬶ͨɽׯҲŲαԴһĪǲׯͲΪͨɽׯ࿼ǣ
ض˵ˣ
ֱӻ֣ΪУ˿Ĭ֮Ҳ֪֮ĶȻˣǻʲô˵ΪҪʹɱֵĻôҲ˵ȥɣ
ҷ첻죬ɱҲΪĬΪҷҵ棡
ͬׯٲ֣ҷԸͨɽׯΪѣԽͬͬˣׯԸĻǰȥҷѧϰħ֮Σ
Ѿ˴룬ˣй֮Ե»Ļᱻ򶯡
Ȼȴ֪ԵʵݣҲȻ˵Щ
ΧЩ˷׷׻ȻһɫΪ졣
λԪʢᣬħʦ϶ڼ̵ʱڴܹΪħʦҲضΪ֮͵ѡֻڻԪ½ħʦΪΪ˿ӡħƵһ壬Ҳܹ˵ļ롣
ҶԲԵĳŵ򵱳˲˵ľ̾
Ŀ׷ڲϣȴǵȻһЦصղĳǱˣλҪֵĻǾ;ɣȻʹС뿪ˣ
˵⣬ԻӣЩҵģ˫һâ
캣а٣۸Ǿζ캣裬ΪĲβŭ
ֻҲͬף첻뱩¶ݣ㽫ŭǿѹ֡
վס
ذغȻׯ浱Һذزô˵ˣձòҪǻ
ؼҲǿİɣҪΪ㣡
Էס죬ޱسϣҪʹҲҪһüͷͲˣ
ǻʲôְɣ
ذزɷ˵ֱӳһһӣȴһ״ͬƤĺۼ˸̹⣬һ֪ȻѾι˾綾
ڴϢ
Ըһο漴ɫһĳκȻ˸
ϵһ໥ײŷһ۵Ļ⣬ذ˵αм˸ֲĶײĲԵǰ㼤ҡ
Ҽ״ʱһâȴҪǰæ
ȻĿ϶ǺذأϾͬűɱ֮ġ

˵˾պغȻǰҵ£üͷһ壬˾Ǻ⣿ĪҲҪΪͷ˾ռ岻Ҳгô
˾պЦݲ䣬ȴǰ޲ѡ
ڤ飬׵˻ȥ֮˾պѾȥҼ˵˼ǶԷ˼ɣŻûȵԪʢĿʼ˾պرֱȡˡ
ҵ̬ȣ˾պŭ
ֻǣڻΪҼضħ֮˽⣬ҪĻҲҪ˾ռõħ֮һ˵
νûԶĵˣҲûԶѣһУΪȡ
Ϊ棬ϧ¾ˣ
Ըһ䣬ǾòҪԲׯ֣
˾պط·ûе⣬ҲΪ˷ǺãׯһķŭǷҾԳܲˣ
ԣһüĪׯʲôݣͨɽׯڶǲȴҲڶݣĪǻܹԸҷҲɣ
ˣԼŰɣ
˾պزй¶Եݣ˵һ㾲شһ߲ٶԣҵɫٱ˺üΣ³һ˾պԵ˾˵ɲҪ˵һźã
˵˾պǲҶֵģ˾պȻҡͷ
ˣ
̾һ漴ȻԲׯ֣Ҷ춯ָûɣ
⡭
˾պغ汣죬Ͼϣȥæ̵أ̵ֻܹʦҲԲֹһ˶﷭˾ռЩƲӵ״̬ȷʲô¡
ŲԶ̬ȣ²ϧԷؼҲҪס죬˾պҲڻ֮䵽ʲôϵĪǲԵʲôֱϵˣ
пô
ȻǷҸû˾պ˵ʲôĻᣬһֳִ󵶳˹ȥ
죬
˫Ŀչֳޱߵɱ֮ʱɫһݣԥĳֽ񵲣˺ܿٴνսһ𣬵໥Ժ䣬ֽâ֣ӿԸоܿռĽ
⡭
˾պؿüͷ壬Ĳ֪ð˭ֻʱһЩ
Ҳȥߵˡ
Ҵս֮ʱԺͺذ֮սѾ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȣеĳذеĹӣޱǿҪͶԷһ㡣
ذȻǵԪ۷壬ȴΪóö͵ȻԪǰڣҲܲ˼ɣһúذռ˲ٵϷ硭
ԪǿߣذҲǺȫȴҲͬףһʱһĻԱضػƣʱɾΣˣ
ںذ˵õİ취ҸὫ쳹ɱ뿪˴öֶŲҲԲ׷


510 ذأôĵӣ
뷨ȶذرһķŵĶתϵӣѰŶԸһõʱ
зٶ֣Ҳõ˴
ֶҩذؽ˦Һ壬ǷĩԴȥ˲ٵ鷳ҲԱʵǿ˲٣ܹкǼʱĶɴʱսڲ˵ȴһ裡
ôҲһԪǿߣԵԪ֮˾Ȼ·磬üβж
һʱ䣬òŭ
ϡ
Ӳ϶ײɢ۵Ļ⣬ǺذظɢΪϢϵĶҩ·ԶûжϾһ㣬ֱʮֱ˳Դȥ˲С鷳
һߣԪ̫ŷҽȫĹڽһȻֻشƾ˸ֻҲԲǳ֮ƣʶڶ֮ʱץסõҩԼӿԪĻָ
һٶǷȴǵӴ˹ȣڲʮӵʱϱ˼ѪڣǵҩָԪòһȶƣԪĻָٶȱû˲١
ķңؼң
񽣵ɴһ˫Ѱ˻ҪһЩ˫ۣҧгݵ˵ԲŹǵģģһҪң
ˣÿ񽣺ŭ
Լʵ㣬ȥҲضΪۣ
˰ͣ
ұֲ֪񽣵ݣʱ֮ԺȻͬΪޱȵģɻ˵ҺͺؼҿǺǿģǼ˵ʵ˵ˣܲԱ⣡
ûж˵ûеõŵ֮ǰǵǾԲй¶ȥġ
֮˾ȴüͷ壬Χ˼ŸֿܣѾˣʲôΣգôǱ¶ԼҲһ£
УѾ˾Եֵܣ
ʱһһĹȥǰսԽңΧѾγһ֣ϵĽǺذصĶҩ˿ȥֻҲԽӴԪģúذܹü͵Ϯɹϴȥ˲ٵ˺ۡ
ְ֣㣡
ʱһȻ𣬱ӵϺȻð˳ͬһСƵģޱȿɰ
ֱӵǰཱུСָŷңˣ׼۸İְ֣
ôȥǱˣ
ұɫ˲䣬Ҫǰ
һôɰСŮʲôãôȥֱ죡
Ȼȴֽұָ˻ȥССɲô
񽣣˰
ұŤͷŭֶΣôСҪǳ˵ʲôô죿
İɣ
һЦɱʶССˣΣգ᲻˵ûүûСС𣿡
⡭
ұһʱʱΧ˶ɫһ䣬һЩֱӱ˫ۣǿɲ뿴ôһɰСӲģ
ôˣ
켱æߣĶǰķҡ
ոȥŶҲأû¾ͻҰְ㿩
СӺûһΣոƵģû˿⣬ЦݺǸɾ⡣
ϧﰢ̹ȥˣǿ϶£
Ļ쳤һڶǵĵ²١
ڣҪ¶ˣ
Ȼ㽣ǱߣСԴ˵
˼ҪͰְһսˣ죬ǲҡͷܾ

ɫһ࣬˵㲻ĻԺְ־Ͳ㿾ȳˣ

СһӣĵǰְںΣأᵣĵģ
İɣѾûˣҲ԰ĵĶ֣ѵС㻹Űְ𣿡Ц
ðɣ
ͷһ˵ǵȰְִ껵֮ҪԺööļȣ
У
ְÿ࣡
СӿĵЦˣϰһں󣬱㳯ſǱȥſ˫ֿЦ壬
ĵӣҲ¶һĨҸЦݣȻģȴĲûʲôͬ
һƽĳȥңҲˣɣҿ㻹ʲô£
˵䣬콫ǧýǰ˫ּӡʱӿǧý·ܹܵ˵ķŭһ㣬ϵ죬ԵüΪ졣
һĽƴֱϮҪƲһ㣬Ƿɫһݣɫڴʱ˲٣
·һˣǰδеΣУ
ٱ䡪˫ն
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ȿȡ
̳Уһ÷˳϶˼ѪۣԵΪǱΪӵеԪʵܵƲ̫ء
ֻΪû뵽쾹ܷ˿ֲĹƣڵֵ΢ٻһЩ
ʱͬɫףģȴҪȷҸΪأϾ֮ǰѾܴˣóٱ䣬ʵϵĹȴȫʢʱ˲٣ټ֮ǿâķڸڴʱܵ˲С𵴣ǸͬɺѪ
ȻֶΣ
죬϶ҰСӣ죬ʲôҷĶԹԹҪڽ
Ҫô󣡡
һתԪָһߵĵΪҾֶֻΣղΪץʱȥˣΪһıô
㻹ʲôֶΣʹһķڷص
Ǻã͵ɴ۾Űɣ
ոջһ䣬ȻһɲǣһǰδеΣȻ֣ŤͷȥøղŻһֱԴ򶷵ĺذأǳϮ
ٶȿ쵽˼£ǲԶӦ
ʱǺذصĹƸ̺żΪֲ·Żذһ㣬ܿռ䶼˲ٵĿռѷ졭
úؼҴϣȻ͵Ϯ
ذش˾٣ʱΧޱӣɺذȴȫȻУֻΪس屨ȫҲ⣡
Сģ
ԼţȴѾЩˣΪҵĶԹ̫ŵԪںذصȫ͵ϮܹоΣգҪӦȴǲһЩ
ۿҪسеɲǣһŮȻ𣬡ذأôĵӣ


511 ʦϵֵĺذأ
ذأôĵӣ
ôһĻһӰٶɫȹҼΪӺݻüһ޷ֱӵС
Ůһֽ֣ذصĹֱӻ⣬ǱһĪĺڶһ㣬һ㲨˶û
ˣʱɫһϲæʦôˣ
ûʦ˳ΪˮɲĪˮ
ôˣ
Īˮߵߣָ㼸£ָι˼ŵҩûĵҪҲ㲻㿴ڣʲôģˣ
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쾪㵵ʦͲԴףҪͷٸҴһСʦɶģǸô죿
СӣƤǰɣϷʦˣĪˮûķһۣ켱æڨڨһЦ
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Сӡ
ĳ֣ĪˮעתƵϣһĳ˴Ĵָ
С쿪ĵЦţȴСſָ˻Σһֱۣӻһʳָ
ʱһ죬켱æС´ЦݣĪˮѡ
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Īˮûƨɵһ£Сӣȥ㽣Ǳߣ̴㣡
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չ˺ҪһͷΨʣĪˮ
˷ģǰˣСС԰ȫ񽣺ԥӦ
ĪˮĺȻ֣˵ĿⶼȫϣĪˮ˵Ľ̸÷ŭӯǼĪˮ׽ذعĻҪֱӳˡ
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ĪˮԣȴƲƲӣŲֵ԰ϼһ˵ѧ㣬أ
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ǿеľ죬Եҷ첻죬¶⣬Ҫ֣
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ɫˮȻҲ֪µǺͽ첻ҷңɱ˺ؼҶٺس壡λؼҴϺذرԹģ
ҵĻĪˮȴŤͷذ˹ȥĵذأղ˵Ķģ
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죡
ȷ˵꣬ذر㳯ǳһ䣬漴첽Īˮȥ
ٶʱĪˮȴЦݲ䣬źذصĲϿһĨϷЦԽԡ
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ĪһָоɵЩ졣
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ĪˮЦˣղŻӱ͵ϮذذذأҲʮû˰ɣ㵹ԽԽˣ
⡭
ذضͷ亹࣬ǲ֪λشڨڨĿЦ
Լڳ˶סˣĪˮǰϷʵĳΪؼҴϵĺذؾȻң⵽ô£
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ЩģµĪˮݵĲ򵥣ȴû뵽λʥ߶ԵվǱߡ
˵ˮôˣ
ԪİߵĪˮߣЦĪ㻹浱Ҳڰ
˰ͣ
ԪİĻĪˮֱӶһۣôҲһʦã㾹ȻĿʲôʦã
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ҶȻɫ䣬ע⵽ĪˮԪİ֮ƽ̬ȣѡ
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һʱ䣬ڳźڣ
ֲǲ֪ǲֵܳģ
ĪˮʣԪİЦҲ£ʲôղŲĻҶˣһ
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λʥߴˣ
ذط׷׳Ԫİǹ񣬲Ҳ
˵ɣôǣ
ĪˮŤͷ˵˼ʦһûʥҲЩƣֻҪ˵ȫҲԲʲô⣡
ĪˮԸȫ֮ҲԲʱĻԪİλʥ߼ֱЦãǷذ˵ɫȴ˲侪ֵ˼㡣
ԺذڼĪˮֵĵһۣѾϳҲ֪ĪˮݣĪˮҪ˺ؼңǿ˵Բжѣ
ǺؼݺǳóƶöһʮǰʵĪˮĹͣ˵ûĪˮ;ûǺؼҵĽ죡

ֱڶЩģ㲻״
һʱ䣬ΧޱȰü˫Ŀⶼ׷ϡ
ģȴǳԪİǼæ˵λˣĪǾͲһܣѵͿͼҷ˲ɣҲ


512 
Щ˵Ŀ׷ϡ
ܹоĪˮΪ˸Īˮ뼸λʥߴ˹ϵ׽ȫཻͬ÷ҸоǰδеΣ
ܺڣȴȫû취롣
˵׷ѵͻŹŹǷң
ܣܣ
һԪڣڼλʥԼһʥߵŮǰҾܵ˶Զ
Ȼˣ̼⼸λʥֻԹۣϾǵݣĶһԪڶ֣ԴСȥǵΪ
Ҳʹ˱ԵüΪ죬Լλʥߴ˵ʻôҶе
㲻
Īˮɨ˷һۣ۵ʲôģ÷Ҽ˵ҲǳˣȻ֣ϺذǼһ㾹˵
ҲǺ֮˽£
ͦţ˵Ҳ֪µʲôˣҪǿв֣δҲ̫ʧ˰ɣ
˵Դûɣ
ԣȴֱЦ׼ӱɱңͲ׼ʦҳ棿
㡭
ɫһףȴһʱ䲻֪οڡ
Χ˶׷ЦѣǱ
÷ҼΣ
ңҪ˵Ҳᣡ
ĪˮҲʱĿڵǷҼҲʦеһսӮұ֤̣ҲԼȥ
ĪˮһǷҶʱɫ䣬֮ǰذؼĪˮ֮ʱֿ־ǿԺذأҶӮҪذضֿ־Īˮ䶨ˣ
Ҳ֪νӿڣɫһ̳׺
ô㲻ң
ҵ̬Īˮһǲм
漴Īˮһ䣬ױȻ㲻ңǾ͸ʵ㣬ȻʥڳǷҲԲʲô⣡

ŷλʥ߿ЦãҲòĪˮʵĶ̫죬ʤһұͱ£ʲôܱȥĪˮúã
˵ǿûǣĪˮһϹԶ
ˮɽܹ֮һֱڲԪ½徲֮أΪϹԶĪˮĴڣˮɽôֳĵطѾ˸ռˡ
Ҵ˿ԵЩΪҼĪˮɫֲ֪֮С
Ҫһ㣬ĪˮԳһֱռžԵϷ磬·һŮƵģ¶֮֮Ҳ֪߹˶١
ΪĪˮԪټ֮ҩļʱЧ䣬ĵԪڴʱѾָ߰˰ˣŷҵģЦȻ㲻ʦһΣ
㣿
ԣ̧ͷɨ죬Щ졣
û˵ľǣңûˣ
쵭ЦմʱڣһսΣ

ĻĪˮʱɫһ䡣
ʦң
ɫΪȻĪˮ״Ҳٶ˵ʵƽֵģֻ֣ҪľϾûиĵĿܣߣţûоԵİǾԲôġ
ãҴӦ㣡
˵ʲôұ̵ͷ죬ӮΣΣ
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ʼ磬Цҿɲ㣬˵ȥĻǷƨ
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֪ǲǷˮãһٵı˳ҸŭѷҪڶ춯֣»ûĹϣԼΪһʬ塭
ˣ㰡Ұˣ
ڰ֣ҪˣҲͬߣҲ׵ĸ㣬Ҿܼȥ
ֻ֮Ҫһ̻ȥһ˵ȣνնݳǴ⣡ⷽ棬ϣԼκһ
ãҴӦ㣡
ŭӯ˫΢еף죬쾺
оŷɢɱȴû̫ķϣʼŷ뿪ıӰǸֳһĨ־ԵаЦ
ҺܿѾԶˣʱĺذȴĪˮȫ֪οڣһͷ亹˵еĽš
˾պأĲֱ֣ڲһҪ컯ɸΪ񲯵˼
ʵԼҲףһֱ˾ռжԸ죬֪ôıԴ˾ȣҲԲȥ鷳ϣкҩô
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ܿ죬ĪˮĿ˾պء
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Īˮͷ漴ֺİֵˣûˣ߰ɣ
ǣǰ
˾պزҶԣæתߣĪˮУĵֱѹƵĸоһֱ뿪Զ΢һЩŲиһЩɼˣ뵽ʱչֳĺֲ̨֮С
ǲٵȥˣ
˾պ˼ţУһҪ취ָ֮Ĺϵ˵ϵĵָҲ϶ǰһá
˼ţ˾պغܿıصڶݳڵסһڷоþδ
ذأҸʽһ£
Īˮذ֣ǼһＱæӦȫұֳκε⣬΢ֺõĳЦЦֱ֮ǰɱı̬ˡ
Ҳ
ĪˮֽеߣĳźذԵذأ죬ҺϹٵͽܣһݣ캣а٣
캣а٣
Ȼ²⣬Īˮúذɫ˲䡣
֪ݵԪİ֮⣬λʥߣʥŷʥ߽ʥߺԼ켫ʥ߻켫ɫһݡ
캣а֣ζһоԵ̳캣ƿصİǿټ֮ϹԶǼΪʥҲԸԵ޹ʵȥݣ¾ڻԪ½ϳͨˡ
캣٣Ϲٷƣа죡
˵ĵλڸϹԶ֮£˶Ա֮ϵһС
ֻǣ캣ڣ֪ݵҲԲ˫֮
а٣ҲһֱΪصһ
Īˮŷǵ潫˵Ҳչ¶һʲô飬ЩҲȻῴϹԶĪˮ϶æ
ںذأ˿Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
û뵽ֶݣֲֶʵ֮ǿһˣ
ǰֶһеĵһˣʵ飡
ԺҪ߶߶ǧҪ˲ǣ
λʥ߷׷׳ͷʾǸԵĳ⡣
Ҳһ˿ûΪԼݶǫ̬ȸޱ⡣
ȻʱһȻǰ˹ϣҪɱҡ


513 Ůثh
һǳɫȹŮӴԶٶŮڲ׷
Ůӣذɫһ䣬ȵh񣡡
ûŮǺثhҲǾԼħĻ໥ںϣ飬ѣԼץ˹ȥֻû뵽ǰٶ֮壬û뵽ʹ֮뿪ڵĵطȥ
ϣҡ
ثhܿ˺ذߣŮһ˺ذ󣬶˵Ĵȫ޶á
顭
ȴ׷ثhŮɫһϲ֡
衭
ֱͶĻУĲѡ
磡
鳯ȥһ硯漴ֿĪˮȵʦôˣ
ʦǹĳԪİһ
˿̵Σúذؼֱ亹ֱ
ͬģղŻڲϺȵĺثhҲע⵽˴ʱ״ɫѿ
⵽ô£
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Īˮǰ۲һŮڵ״ֲ̫״űͻ˲١
Ԫİ飬Լλʥ߶׷ױʾǵĹģŮֵܳӵһ£ɵˣ
ӴҶڰˮ㣬ôҲˣϧ𣬱ӰֱӴո֣Ȼ˲ơ
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һʲôҲҵͽôϧЦЦ˵ˮ㣬֪ͺؼйϵûг֣ʲôǸŮޱǺؼҵĶСثhΰǾΪ
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˫΢Уеɱ

Īˮᳯʾһ£ɱʱ١
ֻǲƵĿ⻹úثhݺݲһ£·𿴵ʬɽѪһ㣬һǰδеĿ־壡
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գۼ䣬ĶǽʵĺثhӦһ׵ͬͷһȻ˿˿ѪΪҡ
ҺãԼʦĪˮؼоɣûɱ֣һثhѾĲˡ

ثhʹĽţΪŭڷŭͬʱȴޱȵľ⡣
ְִۡĺãְִûŮɽУ
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Īˮ˵һʱˣ˦ثhǰɣЩǱٴǻģвɾұ٣һŽ£ǣڸֵܵˣ
а
ذؼæǰثhǿĵǫhòԣԸܹаˡ
ذأôĵӣ
ĪˮˣǺؼôɳģҸ㣬֮Ϊܹеô
ˡ
ذһӹذԸл
ϡ
ذٶثh𾪵ĲٺʹɴЩ״˫
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ذһֽثhڵϣ漴ǿĳĪˮ˵˺аԭ«hͺؼңذԸлұ֤´Σ
ذľˡĪˮֶΣ֪ºؼһ𣬻ֵܹסĪˮɱ˻ϹԶ캣
һϹԶŭôǺؼҿһʱ䶼ֲ˱ᱻȫ壡
Ϊ˺ؼңΪ˱ĺثhذزòѡлһ·
ΪĲɱ㣿
ĪˮźذأذأҼȻܹһУǾʱջҼǵͺ˵֮ΥģΥ壬ʱȥؼһ⣡Լ˵ʮǺؼǶôĲ裿ţ
ĪˮĻڵϵĺذͷ亹ֱȫȻ֪λӦ
ƾʲôô˵ϣ
ثhȻ־壬ɻǿ̧ͷĪˮۺǺؼöңĵλֺݵ㣬ͱ˸ˣУȻɱ˲ٵˣɶģ㡭ž
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hұ죡ذŭ
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ثhˮί
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ĪˮһذأҲɵӣǺثhΪ㲻Ҫַ
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ҪɱɱҺثhҪһüͷͲǺؼҶŮثhȴǺǿӲĻش
hס죡
ذļˣҪĪˮɱֵĻ˭ҲȲˡ
ৡ
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ϡ
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˵ثhҲһ飬е񲢲Ρ
һۣķĪˮĵ
лˣ
ذͷ亹ɫ԰ףȴһ
Ϊ֪ĪˮȻֶϱۣǾ˵˴룬ԱˮɲԸֹϱô򵥣
Ѿͷ
ĪˮתثhȥثhȴǺӣԵΪӲŮкķ緶
˶ٺĪˮֵĵ͸Ůɣ
ʲôңңŮ
ĪˮĻثhʱŮݺݵĳԷһۣͬʱһȴôôԸ
У˵ķԸȻذȴԥֱӵͷӦ
ϡ
ثhίľ죬ƽ֮׻ҪĴϣȴǽ˻ȥ⻹Ǵ
ʦ
ҲΪԸĪˮҡŲ
ôˣ
ĪˮȴûᣬȻؼ֮µھʹ˽ô
ðɣʦģ
ͷ漴ֵʦؼһ鷳ǧңǵڶΣеΣڣҲǵȥ˺ؼҲɣ
Сӡ
ԣĪˮЦŸһ漴˵ذأȻȥˣںثhѾͷڿʼˣ
ǣˣ
ذزҶԣѪųԶȥںثhĺзûһ㲻ᣬúثhίĶҪˡʵںԼӽôıҡ


514 ŮĹأҹ
գثhǳΪŮޣû֪Ǽ죬£꣬һӡ
ǲΣثhúؼҶСŮһӹɣ
ҲʹҪǺؼΪ¶鷳ô죬ʦĪˮǰһֵǾֱˣ
ԴˣʾЩثh֣ǿĪˮؼԨԴԵϣ»ķһΪԼŮ˱ѩޣؼǷܹһ»Ǹδ֪
ثh˵Ϲûôô
죬ߣϵˣ
ʱˣȥΪǺؼҶСͲˣֻһŮ
㶯ôôǴҪǰɣ
ݾӵԺУ鲻ϵָźثhææǣڵأȴֲҷ
ΪںثhڣĪˮ˽ƣʥǿҪҲһ׵飬һСʥǿ߶пж
Īˮ˵ǣثhֵĺãиɵһ죬רĵĸ鵱һӵŮɣ
ĺثhҲǱͨǿһߣټ֮еĶҩĪˮԳҲȻ޴棬ȡ֮⣬Ѿˡ
쿴鲻ָӺثhӣȴǲһЦȴҲûֹúõĥĥλؼҶС㣬ʲôŮĹأһǳҪ
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ԺУһ߱Сӿȣһʵ
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ʱ˵βڰдȥƻȣڳ˶ȫ޷ʵֲУֱڶֵĺڰɢļµɭ
ǰеսڳ˶ס˺ΨֳһӰ쵽ⳡҵս

ԼԪϾǵԪԱģʱϵ̫˵Բʲô£
ɷҵǿԶԶϡ
𿴷ǲͻԪʵȴ²κһԪǰڣй֮
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۾һԳ֮ôǿ֮⣬ӦûħװԵʣϾǽ˲ֵħƴУ
һ䣡ǣҸȡʤֱڻûȫ¶ƣıൽڶûó

ٴΰһ漴˫Ѹʱͬ뺣ǧýڣǧýһ˲ʱڸʱľ
ৡ
˸У첻ϵػǧýһâòϾĽʩչ˼£㹥Ҳûд̫õЧҴʱκζСȫ쿴ͬʵԴɣһֵ߳Ĺƣһ߸Ѱһ᲻Ϸ
֮ܶһ仰˾֮ǰôҵĽֺֽ뵽һλʱڣ໥̽ŶԷȴǲûмǿĹơ
״˽ʱ֮ã
ΧֲལâĽֺڶҶףٳ켸ҹҲܸԷȥʲô̫˺˵Ҫʤˡ
׸ô죿
üͷϹ۲ҵһжѰʵʱ
ȻȴûиĻᣬ첻˱ڶԣɵЧȴȫ⡣
ʱһһĹȥǱڶ븯ʴҲԽԽҲ÷Ԫʵȥʲô˺
ԲУΪҪһսһ߻Ҫֱ֧ڶĹԪѾﵽ벻ĵزŵҩĲ䣬ȴʼջҪһںϵḶ́ȴǸ޷̫õЧ
СүҾͲˣ
ڰһǧý趯ұ׺Ȼˣͬʱ˫ϼŵӡǰǧýϼӿâʢһ˲ֱӵĿֲƲӡ
ŴŴš
ܿռѣӡĲϴ£ǧýȻûʮ׳ĽɫֲĿľ
ɫһ㣬Ǹ߿֮ϸһʵʰģ
ٱ䡪˫ն
һȣΧɫֱӺХܿռǿҲŷλüϮȥ
ɫĿռѷ֣󺮷ںܻڣø߿ϵƲʷ׷Ʈɢ
һ̣رɫֻɫצŻذĿֲƣ
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״ɫ˲䣬ôҲû뵽һƾǿĺ磬һҪ
Ҫ֪ҿԪǿ߰춥˲൱ǵԪڵʵôһо÷ǺεǿĹƣ
ףˣضͻƣһûȶľȥţ˵׼пֹڴˣ޷κδ
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ɫԼϮһ˫ֲϱÿӡһʱɢޱҫ۵İ׹⣬հĸоΧֻâϺХһʱ侹ŷͥơ
ȥ
ʱһ㣬һŻذܣ˷ĳĹӭȥ
䣡
䣡
ɲǼ䣬˽Ŀкݺײһ𣬿ֲĺ㴫һƬĿֲЩʵ֮˸˱ҡһΣѪɫ԰ײѡ
˿̵ĳ룬ɫǿֲâĶײ֮໥ڲϵλøϸСĿռѷ֣󺮷ɢҵǾΧʥķ֣Ҳڽ״ݻ١
Ǽˣ˷ɵĺƣȻһޱС֮С
ۡǿ
һѪ˳϶˼˺ۣ˽֮֮ǰǱͷɢȫȻûַ緶
ͬܣ˺Ѫ԰׵ɫ޷ε𾪡
һа˫նǰÿһʹöЧҲзˣȴϢңһЩ⣬κ̫ƣ
һ㣬ڿЦѡ
Ԫǿߣ
ǵһʽԪǿ߽֣Ҳ̵ᵽԪԪ֮ľ޴࣡ôĵƣ»һԪ֮ǰڷҵĹгһߺʬˣ
ǽָôأ
аĽٱ乥ߡƽеƣһ飬ٱİ˫նڱڶʹãɼȻ޷Ҵȥ˺
ĪǣĻ䣿
ԺкȻһͷȴûкڣ
СүҾͲôǿ
ץһѵҩǼǿĲ壬ԭ԰׵ɫһָ̻ࡣ
ʱ˫ɢޱľâԭƽһЩٴηγϺХƣսٷһĲĺơ
û˵ϢȻüΪ䣬ɱȻ죬ʱеĳɭİâ˸һеĶߣޱ䡣
һ̣ԵΪƽֻǶףⲻ֮ǰĹѣ
֮ǰһϵеĹƣ컹ǷңȫûκδСѾԷƽĵ˶ԴܽԷڴʱܻɱĻضΣ
Ȼһε֮սУֻҪˣҲζ
ǣһʱ˶֪ôȥӮ졣
ҽԪʵʮ֮࣬Ҫܣڵһʮּѵ顭
ҲףһսֻһܻϣǸǷң
ѵҪʹõڶ
üͷ壬һ޷һܻɱĻ¾Ҳûʲôˣ


519 ҸĻ
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ҽԪ֮ٶȴǽ֮ǰĵԪ˲٣ʶеҩĲϲ䣬ٶҲֻǿһߣ̫ԣ
ʱһһĹȥΧ˶ûгΨ־ŵˡ
˿ȴҲżȳٳûȥҧһ˫ˮĴ۾зŨŨĵǡ
֮ǰģȴǵǣ޲óȥһ֮
ǼŮ͸˵ˣͲû£ԵüΪˡ
תۣʮӹȥƽ֮˫Ŀ˸ľâ漴ȴٴڿգǧýٵĻûű˶â·ǳӦͣһտɫǻԲϴջ䣬γһޱȲصĻڳ˶ʱ׷׵ɴ˫ۡ
ǡ
˺ܲ⣬ȫ֪Ҫʲô
ű޴ĽâĿгеĹÿһâ϶źǲõǻԣżǿϢתӿѣ·ڸ˷ľٶһ
ǳƳ챾ڶӵĺڰȴӵҹǹ˸ѣγһΪĻ桭
ʱ죬ȴ֣˫ӡϴͷľű޴âʵʰ㲻ϵ죬űĿ£ͬ˲һֱӳǷҸǶȥ
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˫ĿһݣȴǼæγΧ˸Ǿűâȴ֮ͬңûиκλᣡ
һɲǣֻһӡŵǹֱ£գۼѾע뵽Ǿű޴ĽâУ⽣âʱâʢ໥˿˿ǹϵȻγһ壡
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ŴŴš
ݡ
վڽ֮⣬ӡŽתýڲһտɫĽâͬһſŲһ㣬ǷλüϮȥ
ϡ
ܹԪǿߣŹ诽ڵֻ죬ܿƽ
еĳһ趯ܲ͸磬оԼĵâ𵽵Ч󣬱ı·趯ӳâȽЩϳȥĽâֵͬʱɢȥѰžŹ诽㣡
ȻҲó̶ֳ֮ҲЩ˽⣬뽣ڱͷ
ȻŹ诽Ŀ¿νǱĪ⣬һʱ֮޷󣬸˵ټȥʲô˺ˡ
ڵһĻΧЩɵۣôһƺռ˾ԵϷ磿
㿪ʼԼˣҧţ۾鶯ŨŨڴϽŮ׷׵ɴ˫ۣٶǺ˷ܣ·𿴵콫ֱɱΡ
ء
Ź诽ڣҲϵػųһâ֣ڵֵܺ޴ڵĽâ֮ʱȴǷɿץסâֵļ϶ǾűâǻԹϮȥȻ𵽵ЧȴҲòʧˡ
űâƽ̯˺˵ǲŽԪǰˣԪ֮˱ס֮ڣҪʱƿŵâҲǾܵ飬˵ڽ治ϵؿơ
ȻʱȴҲ󣬲ŵҩĲ䣬Ҳһʱ֮䲻ʲô⣬޷žŹ诽󽫷ҾɱĻһԪľô

Լûʲô̫õЧҲһ漴ǰ䲻ֵܵĽâԼȴ˫ּӡһӿϵڷᡭ
ǿý˼£״ʱæӴƣòŹ诽ȶ
ȻſڵΣȴǲɫһ䣬ųڷǵӰֱӵɴ˫ۡ
һͷʨϻĽ壬ɢȵĻ棬׶ߣһ˫ͨ˫ĿѪӰ죬쳤ХиͬʵʰӣøոȶľŹ诽ٴβ
⣬Ƿҵı࣬ʨ
ʨȥ
ʱ䣬ŷҵһȣͷʨȻŭһʱ㻯ͷһģһʨ޳ǰǻԽâֱϮȥ
ء
ֲľڽ֮ʱڸһȴɫ˲ףɵһѪ˳

찵ѣæȶ񣬹˲ڸ𵴣Ͻ־Ľȶ
ȻǿʨڷҵָУȫû˿ͣЪ֮⣬ͷʨ޹ϣײҧ뾡һа취ڲϵĳǰǻԽâв䳹״ݻٱͣµơ
ʨֱ̫ˣ
ҽٻԼĹõ˼
УôȥĻҵĽ޷ٳˣ
ȻˣҾרŹı࣡
˫һĨâ漴Žڵâתͷʨ޹ȥ
ৡ
â˲ϢûбǻԽâĿС˽ķΧĳĹ໥ȴͷʨ޲ŭ𣬿εշתŲҲʼ޷ȫ㿪
Ϊĳ֣ļ㷺һĨ԰ףʱȻǰͷʨ޵ֵ˲ֽâĹϮȻˣܹͬʱıҲܵ˼Ӱ죡
󣬲۾һɱҵĿܣ
һ٣ô˵ıҲܵشҲǲܵģ
񣬼Ȼҵı˳Ҳҵһᣡܲס
Ұңǧ㣬Ҳһɣ
ǸֳһĨϰԵаЦʱ԰׵ɫԽԵаȣ
ʱϵĶȴûͣٴζ뼸ŵҩ˲伱ӣǴӳֱһֱûбջصıڶѸٵķ뽣֮УɢְͬĺɫâŷҵıʨѸȥ
ŴŴš
ռ䲻Ħɫâǿ븯ʴ˲ͷʨŭѣΪٻߵķҸ˲һ𣬶ʱһѪ˳
ô£
һʱ仹ûӦٿʨ޲Ϲûȶã𾪵ĿıʨǴ׶̳ңӱϴʹĥ÷һڴʱһǰδеʹ


520 ֮쾪
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Ҽæ˺ͬʱӡҪڣȴһֿϵǿʨʹ༱ŸӰ˷ٻߣ

״ЦѣңΪСүҵıôױѵΣȻıˣǾúõҵıڶ棬
죡
⻰ʱһһ˫ǷŭĻ棡
ǰĻϼһﶼ϶޲óȥҧһˡ
ҾͲţһԪڣܹеùң
ŭһԪԥٴμӿʨʱͬ˷ܼһ㣬һЩڶ
Ҫѣع鱾壿Σ
֮⣬ǲмһƲ漴Ӵ󷨵Ŀƣڱڶ븯ʴɲǣΧǾŹ诽Ҳڴʱͷų࣬ǿĵâƿ֮ĴǷѾЩâĿꡭ
ݡ
Ľâ˲Ϣ÷Ҳòֳһֵһȴǿʨ΢˲٣׶ߵζٴ𽥳űڶķŲƶȥ
ٶȺ˵ڲϵĽţ˫ԪϵǣһεıƴתƵ˵ı֮ϣ
ֻǣΪžŹ诽ĸټ֮ڶеЧֽʮ֮㿪ʼǱƫƣ벻ʲôõİ취ıʨΣˡ
ʱΧҲľսıڶǷҵıʨڴʱ˽̸Ķ󣬵ȻǸΪ˿ֳľʶޱ𺧡
죬ⱾҲδ̫˰ɣ
Ұѣȴ콩֮⣬һʱ֮Ҳ벻ʲôõİ취
ҪǷҲҪʨֵڶ븯ʴҪʱֵ̾ܳâһâڷ˵㲻ʲôڳֵʮϰٵ֮࣡
ν϶ҧһԲע⣬Ȼ룡
Ȼ䣬һ˿ڣڷϣӷڤĬһһУΪҼԭΪͻԪܹ֮׵ؽնɱ¾ЩѶȣҲڽձɡ
ȴû뵽쾹֮ǿ൱ڵԪڵʵսΣ
Уôȥ
˫Ŀкâ˸ʵڲеĺ㣬ֻܺƴˣһ౻٣Ҿ㲻ҲˣұҲ޷ָҵʱضʵ󽵣
ǵˣ
뵽ҲɵһɫȻѡ
һɲǣΧȻӿγһķϺХƣȴƻһƵģһ˫дʱɫâҪǣЩХķת˲γһѰѷУռ䶼˶Ħһ㣬һ޷ƽĿֲɭ
Ҫʲô
⣬һĻ첻üͷ壬ﶸȻһֲ֮С
ΧսˣҲǶԷҵĴ˷ٶǲ⣬ͷеļٺХȴɫ˲䣬Ǹо˴˿̾Ź诽ּƿصƣܹϸΣա
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ͻأģֻǷеĺХȻ٣Ź诽һɲǸܵǿѹѸɽľűâǲѡ
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˫΢УʱӡѸҪŹ诽ȶ
ȻʱǷɫâ˲ʢһɫķкƻƿռһ㣬Ƽֱͬն
쾪ӿ
ֻ÷һȣʱ˫趯֮УЩɫĳܳȥգ֮Ǿűâײһ𡭡
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˿̵ľŹ诽ȴҲͬҡҡ׹ıԵ
ϼһﵽʲô
üͷ壬ϵԪԽв䣬ȴûжЧŷΪ԰׵ɫҲףϼһĴƴˣ
˭һԪǰڵǿߣᱻһԪ֮˱ȵ˵ز

Ź诽δȥһ˫иֳâһҧ˫ٴ趯Ȼ֮ɫâ֣էȥͬһɫϼƵģǹ죡
ŴŴš
ɫٴ֣һ޼᲻ݵһ㣬ȶһЩĽռٴγ˾ҵĲ
쾪𣡡
ʱŷҵһȣЩɫǰĳںһգۼγһʮ׳ľ޴âŻذƳ𣬿ֲˣ
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޴ĺȻһѵĿռۼչӣռ粣һ㲻ѡ
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ڸ𵴣һѪֱæԭسˣͬʱҲ˲Ź诽תƣɲǼ䣬㱻ʱƿǿɢȻ֮⾺ڱγһֲ̨ܿϵ˷׷׵һһ֡
ʱ죬Ѿ˿˺Զķңɫ˼㡣
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ܿ죬ۼķ֣ȻƲû̫ƣϢôƽȣȴҲ΢˺ܶ࣬ȫû֮ǰս֮ʱ͡
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һ㣬ʱԥֳǧýŽ㳯ǰ׿ķֱϮȥ
׵ľ룬գۼȫûиκλָʱ䣡
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һĻڳ˺ǻȻ
ôҲһԪǰڵǿ߰ǲͻƲãôôĲһ
֪ˣ
ǻһĨаЦңղʲôУŴǿдҵĽɣʵѾɣôҶ
죬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
⻰һȴɫ˵ҾֻʣʵҪɱҲ練ƣţһԣ
ô
΢΢ǧý佣˫ĿкâһɲٴγֽϮԾԣң


521 ˣͨ
۾ôô⣿
Ұѣװûʲô󰭵ģһʱлָȴû뵽һӱ㱻һʱ䶼

Ҽ״ȴҲ˲ûָˣæֵ켱ٽսһ𣬶һȴһ֮ǰĹأ
Ϊ˸Լһʱ䣬ұߴˣܶľͶ㣬ľȫӲӲһȴԽȷԼĲ²⣬ʱķѾǿ֮ĩ
Ȼŷܹ֮ǿضļпѾȥ˲ƣټ䱾ʨˣ÷Ϊٻ߲ûһƣ
죬ҪץסĻᣬҴȥĹһָضһ籩ĹϲʱûʲôʤĻˡ
ϡ
ء
˵μ˸Թأشǻڵأޱȼҡ
һΣ켸Ԫȫٶȸ˼£˿ûиǷκδϢĻᣡ
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ϯ̨УλʥټĪˮ˿žڵһĻЩЦˡ
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켫Ҳ֮ͷ˵ֶɾͱضټֶŮö棬˿νһԣɲŮĽĵӣ
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ǵģ
Īˮͷصʱˣֻʣһ΢Ϣ˭뵽ڲʮʱ侹˳ɾͣǺǡ
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ৡ
ŴŴš
ѾȫռϷ磬Ƿȴɫ԰ףһѪɫ
ʱķҷ·Ѿı٣һǰδеĿ־Ȼ︡֡
ݡ
һɲǣ˫΢Ȼ٣ֻóһǧýȻ˷ҵҼ磬漴ǺԥĳŤתһ飬ʱһɺѪ˿ڴֱӱ˳ͬһѪޱȹޡ

ʹһæȴƲˣԪǧýڣâ˲ϢܿռĽ֮УһƷγҶķ׷ȥ
ٶ֮죬۵糸һ㣬գ۱Ѿǰ
ɫ˲䣬æֻ賤ֵκұ˵ԵʣȴǶһЩ
ۡ
ʱâֱӺݺݶ˷ҵӣѪĴ󶴺Ȼչ֣һһһǷʱ˵ϣգۼѪ㽫ʪһѪ˶Ǳߣ
һĻڳ˷׷׵һ
ԣѾˣȴ
컺Ʈڷǰǧýɢ۵ĹâĿڵңķ
ҷˣҷˣ
ŨŨĿ־壬æ˵죬Ŷ٣Ҵˣ㲻ɱң㲻ɱҰ
ɱ㣿
콫ǧýڷҵļϣĽĲƤӹЦҪˣ᲻ɱôҰң㶼һˣѵΪٻŹ㣬ݻɽ
㲻ɱң
ҼæҪɱңҲԻ˵ģ
ô
ԣǻһߣЦҵ뿴һʲôƣߣҸ㣬ɱ֮һȥ˷һ˵ȣʱնݳҺΣ
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˵֮ʱɫ䶼ûһ£ɴ˿ԿһƲ磬ǵȻ룡
Ҳ̣
ЦҪ㣬ıһְɣң㲻ö˵ҲŻңգ
˵䣬ǧýʱâʢҪӽǷҲȥ
ס֣
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˫΢ǧýȴδջأǰˣΪֹ֮Īǰ֪һΪò𣿡

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ǿǾżħʦȻѾﵽ߼ħʦĵزҪٴͻȴǧѣоûʲôԵĻͻƻ֪Ҫ೤ʱˣ
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ǣѺ˵Ȼ϶ЩøУɻûﵽĳ̶ȣͬҲܵƽô
һ죬ҷҶǱ˰Ҳ㣡


523 ôջ񣬵ִ׼ң
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ȻֻҲܴҵڽǮںԹұֵҵȫİκһ˽ġ
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գҲֻܴӦѺȴʾҪȻؼѧԺϾǳôˣҴ˴ڻԪʢϵջҲֵǻȥչһ

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Ļټɫ޻ʱɫһȻǸӣȴŮĸԸܲЩǿȵ飬˵ֱˡ

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ҡͷصȷʦ٣ҵһ۱ܿȴ߼ʦ
ŶȴΪΣ
֪߼ʦѾ˸߼ʦУ
쵭˵ʦȻעʵҲȻһ֣߼ʦҪʵڵԪǰڣ飬ھǵԪǰڣ
˵㲻ٶԡ
޻ȴɫһݣ޻ȻʮأȴһֱԼ˵ȫһἰȴػȻ׹
ǰѾ뵽ʦУȴһֱ޷ͻƣʼոо˵ʲôԪǰڵʵûԪǰ֮ǰض޷ͻ߼ʦ
ʱȴͰ޻һԪǰڣôܻ߼ʦأ
һɲǣϸӶ˵ɫޱѿ
û뵽Ȼ˸صĲ£ûʲôı˭ҲŰɣ
лֶˣ
ͷҲĻֽΧ򿪣ðһЦݵĳ˹ȥ
Ͱϸ֮Ľ̸ȫ֪ûע⵽ϸɫı仯ߵԼǰһȻǸ߰ĵׯôˣ֮ȫΪľ֮㲻һĽǾͱֱ뿪ˣ
£Ҷ֪ˣȷ޻ǲԣ
Ц˵ǲ֪ʵҲпԭһ¯ƷҩȫҰ׼ׯṩһҲ޻ǿ֮һھ
⻰ɫ䣬ȴٵһĨңæׯ֪Ʒҩƿɲ򵥣Ҫѵʱ;̫ˣһұ޷ʱ̹ע˵ĲһҪʲôͻԷڵ״밡
صģ
޻ԣ߹ȥ˵ȻȲ߼ʦҲܹΪĸ׶ٻһЩ
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һĳģĵ˵ĲѾ;ƿݵʱǰܻ⣬ʲôǺǡ뵽취˻Ѻ󣬲ſ¯ƣȫ

ɫһ࣬˵Ҫھһ¯Ʒҩ룬ҵĻ˵Ѿ˰ɣ
ׯ
ģʱһǿЦׯǺ⣿ĪǰׯŲ𣿡
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ȿȡðɣȻׯô˵ˣҾưɣ
һƽ󿪿ڵׯ׼¼ֲϣǷֱǡ
ˣȻԪӿһɾܺȻӣȴֱڿճԶȥ
ܣ
״ʱһԥǵԪڵʵת˲㽫׷ϣ漴һɾȻϮֳצǼһȫԪֱӷӡͬһӻԺڡ


526 δ֪
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ۡ
һѪֱӴԵޱǱӡԪͽͨǿһЩΪҹҹϸԵʣЩ˵ˣҪվܣ
ֹͷѵʹ࣬ʹѣƺȫ޷ܣ
Ҵˣǣҡҡ
ʹ಻˺ѷΰģڵϲϵؿͷϧȴȴһס
ôĹƭ˾Ȼƭǰ׼ׯͷˣ
޻͵һŷߣһߵԶԺǽϣ˻һȫûκε֣˲һڵĹٴζ˼
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󲻶ϵģ״ʱ˻֣һԪڽʹ໺һЩޱʵ㣬˭ƭҵģңβǹģ
桭Ĳİ
ȻڵϣȻʹ࣬ɻ۵죬Ҳ˵ׯҵȷƭ㣬ǸʱҲȷڱ׷ɱҲƵҩǡǡ
˵һ٣ԥŲٿڡ
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Ҫ
ʱٵҡͷ˵˵
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ףһô죿޻ǰ飬ȷιȥʵ
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ˣֶֶŮǶҷ˵Ĳкο
󣬽ȫ׿ųʵЩϣ

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С㣬鷳ˣҲ֮顣
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ЦЦ漴ɫһĵʵղѾԲĸ״ϸϸļһ˯ԭȴ
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ллׯ
Ůм㣬æվżС㣬ŶֶŮ˵ɣҷеĵǺֶأ
ⶾغ֣Ҵû
ҡҡͷ˵ԣҸղںͰ˵һʱúõķû뵽ȴ⵵£
飬㶼֪
ȴˣ˵õʦĪˮ洫϶ҩ˵ǧǧ򣬵඼໥ź֮ܶģ˵Ǿ˵֮ΪİδκƵĶҩ

ʱϸ˵ɫҲѿ˼㡣
ֵ֮صģⶾڲǿ굤ĸѣֻҪӽԺжұа취Щֻǣ굤ãҲֻòĸѣȴ޷ָʵ֮֮һղĸֻͨһ
ѾˣֶֻŮȷǶʱҷ˴ȥʲô˺𣿡ʵ
ȷ
̫ˣҲһϢֻǡ
˵ЩƵĵֻ굤Ҫ߼ʦͬʱУҰ׼ׯʵȴ޷ͬʱ뵽λǺã
һҪ߼ʦ𣿡ʵ
ǵǣ
ҡҡͷЦҲ߼ʦһλ˼ʦҲԣȻżʦ͸òˣֻǡȥĶѰҰ
˼żʦ
Ļһ
ȴһʵڲеĻʦԹһˣʦѾǾżʦһԼ֮⣬캣˶֪
׼˵֮ʱȴ˵ԵĻҿ굤ĵ룬һа취Ƴ


527 ҹĻɱ
Ļðϸ˶ʱ۾һ
ԥһ£˵ֶŮҪȻʲô⣬޻ȥùɣ
ǣף
޻Ӧһ漴ȥʱȴʵĪֶŮѾǰ˼ʦ
˵⻰ԼЩš
ϣôİ˼ʦ
뵽޻˵ĹʦϵΣȻܹƳƷϵһһԳɵţðĵ׶˼ڴ
ʦУ޻ƵƷ֥ѩ˵ѾӣҲӵе¯ѲĹϵȴҲڵڶ԰ٻȺʫƵƷ赤
ȻƵĵҩôҲȲƷϵ˵һγɵˡ
Ǽˣ޻ҲȻֻʦ֥ѩĴﵽ˼㣬˵Ʒ֥ѩѾļޡ
ϵ֮ȴȻ޻ͺʫľƣźܴ
ܿ죬޻굤ĵ˹
ӹȥϸţüȴǾþδڣͳҲ˹ȥʵ޷ȣʶֻϳǵϸϵ棬ȴǷֲ˶١
ݣ飬ڤΪģٸ껨ȵһʮָģ굤治Ϲŵҩѳ̶ȿ²ƾƷҩ
굤ҪҲ̫ˣȻҪĵԪһСģпԴ˳Ϊˣ¾߼ʦݵڶֵҲָ
׼Ȼϵֵֵðգ˵ʵڵģûжգ
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޻ˣڴʱҲҳΨ־ŵ˼
һŽĿӵ˻ûڣʱʵֶŮа취ƣ
ϣΣض飬Ψִ˵һ֡
⡭
Ӧ뵽굤ĺȴֲЩԥ
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˵䲻ĻǺͰ׼֮ĹϵûΪԼĳ̶ȣ
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ЦӦһ漴һͬܿĻص֮ǰݾӵԺС
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ʱ֣»صԺӣ˽׼õķ˶޻Ҳû뿪⼸һֱǡ
ˣ֣ĸ˯ʱڣ㣬ԼŮ֮⣬û˿Խӽ
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Сģ
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ſң
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528 Ӷݣغ
ת˲䣬֮࣬Ǹʼֲ⡣
ЩԼļǲǳˡ
Ͼÿ˾òı䣬ϢֻҪ⹦ôԶҲģ˳Ϥ֮⣬طǴ֮ʱɢϢȴôİ
ڳڱϵϷȫûϡ
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״ɱ˷ĳֽϮӰٶȶ쵽˼㣬Ա߳ƿ֡
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صУΪһѾ˯˵飬ȥϴ˶§뻳Уһʱ֮ȴ޷˯ԺʼŸղǺ˵飬ȴʼպͷԡ
֪䣬컺˯ˡ

ڶһ磬콫ҹ̵˰޻ӣʱðɣǴ̿ͺôĵӣȻҴɱǰ׼ׯĿˣ
ֶģһһĽ
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ܹ׼ȷĴɱסڰ׼ׯľԺе죬Ҳ˵Ǵ̿Ͷڰ׼ׯڵһжʮϤоųɿׯ֮Ϊ춴˴̿͵磬Ҳһ׷Ҫ
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ЦЦ˵ҵĵǣ̿ͲΪҶǡ
ˣɨһڵԺӣûٶ˵
ȴɫһݣ˫˸ű亮âлֶѣͰȥҷǱߣ⣬ҲҪֶŮоϣܹҳ취
һᾡס
ϸӺܿˣԺ׸ǰһЩΪվڣȻӰ쵽ǵЩûеõ£Բ֮ڵķΧ
ڰİţ첻þܾ
ǣȴԼ뷨ҹǺ˼Ȼܹڰ׼ׯڽ磬϶Щͨİ׼ׯܹõģֻǺ̫أ벻ͨΪʲôôһİϢ˾òżá
Уλϣ޻ףӵ϶Щء
޻ȻԷԸȥһҪǸɱֶĴ̿ץһǸĸ¶֮ˣɫĿڵ
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ΣҲҪȥңׯҲǾȥ棬ڵҲҪҳ
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޻ܿת뿪ˣȴûע⵽һĨ֮ɫ
˰ˣҵ׸ô찡
ûһ̾ƫкǰ·ĺ

תۣһȥ
Ǻ˳ûټ׼ׯھûзһ˵ˣ˵˸ˡ
ڴɱ޹󣬿϶ֱ˰׼ׯһǴҵĹʶû˿֡
ʱʼ׼ׯ˱㿪ʼ԰׼ׯΪĳ˷Ѱڰ׼ׯһЩеҲӵ԰ְæһʱ˵ⷽԲǧ֮ڵʱһѰҺ˵ȳ
յĽЩʧ
ȥȻûκϢ·ǼһֱƾʧƵġ
գԺУǰŵİ޻Ǹ⣬̶֮켸˵ĻȻ顣
ڰ޻Ļ΢ЦӦԣûκν١
治֪Ǽһﵽ죬ˣ
޻ץҶҪÿ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦĿⲻɨ޻ȴ΢΢һ뵽ʲôܿȴԳһ°ҡҡͷ
Ȼ޻ǲ̫ãɶ԰޻λ޻Ҳ˽⣬Ȼҹĺ´ֻ̿ͣǲò˵޻λǸм񡭡
֣㿴ʲô޻ʵ
ûУǺȻеѣ
ЦЦҲδȥͣҺþʱӷ˳⻹⼸ʱУһڰ첢ǳԷʱ߳䡣
Ҫһ㣬ʱһԸֳ˲õЦݣð޻ʱĪļæɩӣǲ취굤ˣ


529 ̣Ļ
޻ܼӶЩĿгڴ
ȻҲûʧЦڵȷ߳ɰˣ
߳ɡ
¾ǾżʦҲ˵˸ߵİգ
Ͼ굤ϹŵҩڵĸֵҩԲͬȻ֪Ϊʲô˴İգ޻ȴûκεĻɣ
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Ϣһɣ쿪ʼ
˼һ£˵Ҫõ״̬ң굤ܺʱ䣬һ죬죬޷׼ȷʱ䣡
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ȥ֪ͨϢ
ôһ仰޻̿ٳȥ켸˿ĿЦá
ʱҲҴҵˣһǼĵֶŮ޻˵Ŀģ߳ɰƳɹ

׵ֻҪʲô⣬ӦܹɹҪĻûƳɹ֮ǰҲҪţʧܣҲп˳Ϊˣ
ģģף
ԥ˵ұ֤û˻ţǷƳɹֶŮֶǶҰ׼ҵĶˣԺзԸҰ׼ĪҲӣ
ˣ
ЦЦ漴ˣһҪȥúõϢһ£˳һյ
ȥɣˣ
ͷȥԸ׼ˣҲȲˣ
˵꣬㻺뿪Խӯ¶ǰδеЦݣ
ϣԼ»ָϣ

ڶ죬鿪ʼˣܾ˰޻ȥʦĺ⣬ӵǶ˵һ
ʱ䲻ϵţ굤ĹɣǽǶʹõ˼£ÿһ趼С鱾Ҳȫ뵽״̬ȫɢʱ̾Ƕڷб仯
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ԭúöҲǹԹԵڳƻУ۾ʱʱ˵жɰˡ
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ǲ֪ƣȴ˽Ǯ诵ݣ
һʱ䣬ŵڶƵһƬ˶ס˺ƣ˶˴󵨣ѵ֪ǮҾһ·ô


541 Ǯ³Ǯz
Ļš
ųƻ׼Ǯ֣֮ǰ˿ȥĹ˽ǰһѽǮȫֽƵƵһεĽӴȴù˽ֱۣ·оԼֱ۹ͷһ㣬ʹ֡
ס֣
˽ͷ˿˿亹˵ǵǸС飡
Ǹãϻô𣿡
⻰ֱЦȻˣǾҪе
С˼Һ诲Ķ֣СΪĪǽƾһܹԿҹ˼ҺǮ𣿡˽
磬ּ˷ʲô
վڹ˽ǮޱĴ̼һ³ױ޲ýʬΡ
诣죡
˽һҪ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬴ӾƵſ߽һü뻨׵ߣ
˳֣Ǯίؽеүүң۸Ұ
ϣ
˽Ǯ֮Ҳ׷׳
ǮҼǮzǮ³ϣǮҵһж񣬰֣ʵҲﵽ˵ԪǰڣҲһĸˡ
诣û°ɣ
ǮzߵǮߣæʵ˭۸㣿
ǮzָųƣɫΪơ
үү
Ǯ诺ίĽŵ˵˳ȻͼӴףŤʵƵ˵ʲô޶Ļһ㣡
˽֮ȴɫЩΣȴûֹ
˵ƹ˼ҺǮϵˣԸǮ΢ŤһЩʵǵȷǱˣ
СŮޣ²Ҫ̫ţ
Ǯ诵ĽǮzʱ˵Ǯңܹǵģ
ƺҪˣ˵ƾһܹ˵ʵЦ
ȻԪڣ֮ǮzһЩȴ˿ûκ֮⣬̬ȸǿӲ
Ϸһᣡ
ûƵ˵Ǯzĵ诿ͷϴϷһ
ˣǶǻˣ
˳ָǮ诣ǮzԼɽյˣ߳ǵĴôҪŶ
Сˣұ죡
Ǯ诵ۺȵ˵ķݶŲ㰡
ԣ
ǰһͬߵߣֱӽͬڵǮҺôĿ˵һΪԪ½Ǯҵˣ
˭Ǯz˫кâ˸켸ˡ
ԼĿˣ
ʱ˹ǮzϣǮҿ˹˼ôұ֤Ǯұɢ
ԼҵĿˣ
Ǯzüͷһ壬Լʲôˣ
Լͦأص
⣬ܶԼҵ磬¾ҲҪվ
Լֻ֮վԲ

Ǯɫ˲䣬ʶ֮ǰǰ裬һʱЩܹΪ壬ǰ㹧ԴˣС
ǮzͬЩɫ䣬Ȼ˵Լ֮ˣЩҼС㣬Ǯ˽£ԼˣҲòְɣȰ㣬òҪԼ£ܹе˵ģ
㡭
һ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǻֽסĵȻ˼Ҷô˵ˣ˺ɣ
壬⡭
ɫԥȴҡͷЦģµģ
ǣ
ΣֻܺһЩĿȴȻʮĶǮzϡ
ʱǮzĳƺʱһ
ĸ߰Ԫݲ˶֪ģĸԸĳƺһ֮Ϊ壬ô˾򵥣
һʱ䣬Ǯz˼־裡
磬
ʱȻ컳УǰһĵǮң˲ôҲղĻ㣬Ǽ¿ͷϴҿһ
СŮޣδҲ̫ˣ
ǮzԵߵΪϷǲɣ
Ȼ£ǻʲôְɣ
£ԥкȻһٿżΪɭĽâǮzֱϮȥ
Ǯzʱɫ˲䣬һɲǣǼæýĹִټֱֻ۲嶼֮С
Ԫǰڣ
һ֣Ǯz֡
һŮӣһʵ
ǺĪԪеĳһרˣԼңһԼңԲܶ˹
λС㣬ԼǺݣУǮzʱ󳷣ֵ
Լң˼裡
ŻصǮzҪʹôϻʵ¿ͷϴ
֮ǰͻƵԪǰڣУǮzõѡ
ϾĻ϶֣Գͻ֮ǿʵ
衭
Ǯz˫΢УԺϸһԪ΢߼壬ȴûһġ
֮䣬Ǯzɱʮ㣬Ȼ˵ˣԷԲʲôˣô;Բȥ򶨻ǮҴȥɹʧ
ȻˣǾͱϷˣ
ǮzɱȻǲԵүүֱȫԪĵ麧ȻϮȥҲ˼ɣϾھƵ֮У̫һЩ
ৡ
˵ĳ趯һâڵܲϲʱڵΰʱûһõģԭϷʳǣҲ׷׳ӿȥƵϰͻҲˡ
Ψֱ꼰㣬òӰ
Ŀɿڴ벻Ȼ鶼ôǿһߵǮ诣˽ҲǾ֣
ȫ龹֮ǿ
Ȼ˵˵ȴüͷ΢塣
ˣΪԵʣǮzʵһǵԪǰڣɱϾǮz˺üʮ꣬ͨһ˼ҳԵζԵҪ࣡
ôһܹǮzսƽ֣ƿʱܶ෽Բ㣬ôֻҪʱһ鲻öĻҲ޿ɱĶˡ
飬£
ת۶ʮӹȥѾ·磬ʱǧýǮzĹסŤͷ飬£Ȼȥúõؼ
ðɣ
ԹԵͷˣȴһĴָŮĹϵƺԽ׽ˡ
Ǻˣ
׽ԼסǮzԽ裬ͬʱĨϰԵаЦУһֲ֮С
ģҲԪݵˣκһˣ
쵭ػصȻҪԸҵŮˣǾҪ׼ǮңǺǡôĵӰ
㡭˭
죬ǮzָɽѹѹȸУһʱ֮侹ǲҶ֣


542 ǮzˣǮ诵Ŀ־壡
ӸղǮzĳ֣һʼƽͣɵ˺澹ɱУƺ鵱նɱ㲻ͣ£
һڱϿţ
ǮzҶɱôУѾǸˣ
Ԫǰڣ͸ɱŮˣ
ʱǮzȴԺиͷתѣ²ݣȴܹ˿Цɢɱܹоǰδеľ޴Σ
ɣ֣
ǧýûһ佣ƮƮĳǮzȥ
ӿкҿӲκǮֱһƲ죬ǲмӡ
Ǯzȴɫ˲䣬ǿһȻ֣г趯â˲Ϣʱǽײһ𡭡
䡭
һ죬صĲľƵ궼ݺݻζһ£
޴ӣǮzŲĺˣ˲٣ü˿˿˿Ѫ
ȴվԭأһĨаЦɣ·ԤϵֳƵġ
үү
Ǯ诼״ʱǮzȴǻֺȵ诣
סǮ诣ǮzĿϣµʲôˣԸµʵֺ֮οΪôһŮӣ
Ůӣ
⻰ȴЦˣɣղźأҵŮҵŮ˶⻹Ůӣ
һֱ۱ˣ
ʱĳȴﰵŽѣ˭Ůˣ
ǣǻŮˣ
ҲŲϸĻڱָǮ诺ǲ
Ǯɫһһ׵ģѿҪ֪龰֮ǰôҲ̬ȣ
˵ǲͽˣ
Ǯz˫һ䣬Ҳ֮ɭࡣ
˵³ŮҵŮ˿ͷϴ򡭡ָǮû˵꣬кѾ㹻ԡ
ܣ
ǮzڣǮʱҿǮҴС㣬Ҳ¹򣿡
⻰Ǯzʱɫһ
ɱȻǮzȴڰŭѣͲ˵ͻһЩ
µҪҲδ̫ˣ
ǮzһҴλͬʱƽΪ񣬲֪ΪΣ
˵ˣظڶ飡ΪȱǮ𣿡ЦŻص
Ҳգһսǲɱˣ
ǮzҲǷŭһٵľܾĺ⣬ʧҧ̫࣬ȥһսΣ½ʤһаʽ֮¾ʹ˽Σ
ԣ
ԥĵˣ¶ľ㻹Ҫȥô
ȥ
ΪǮңǮzƴˣӸղŵļ򵥽Ǯz֪Լʮа˾ŲĶ֣ȴܲƴһǮ诵ô˵¹ǮҵضһǧɣԲǮzԸ⿴ġ
ò˵еˣ
͵ǮzһۣĵɣҶ߲̫Ϥ·
룡
ܿ죬һ˫ʮ￪һյϣҲ֮˱Ͽ֣ǮzĿУȴҲ׷ϾЩ˶ͨߣͲҵǮҡ
óȻϣСĻǲĿأ
ܲĵط
컷һΧʾ΢һЩǰߵյģӭ߹ǮzڵְɣҪ˵ûᣡ
ǮzǵԪǰڣȫһ˵һ㣬ɴǵȴֲڳһֹ֮С
ˣϷ㲻ˣ
ǮzɫȻгʱûһâһ㳯켱Ϯȥ
úã
һǧýε˸趯ݣֻڽЩâɢ֮ܿǮzҵĽսһٶ֮զֻ࣬ܿŹӰڰ˸ײ
ৡ
ء
ֽâ֣յʱʱĴҺ죬ŲٵĿӶ֣սգۼ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȡ
ʱǮ诣ȴɫѿ˼㡣
֮ǰǮzţǸʮֲȴֺǮzһ䣬ǽյľʮֲȼ˸ղŵıһǮzˣĺҲؽʮ֮ҡ
˽Ҳˣֻüͷ岻ѣ˺ܶ²⣬ȴʼ벻һˣܹǰ㹧ĶԴȻԼΪ常飬ûд¾Լ֮Щ˶֪飬ʶ˽ǹ˼֮ˣȴҲݲ
ߣ˽鲢ûȥμӻԪʢᣬȻҲܼݣ
ֻǹ˽鲢Ǳܹǰ㹧ԴģСۼʶǮ诵ĹŰ裬һʱԼΪŵ¸ӵĲֻϧûзԼﰲŵ
üﻹڰʲôǮ诣˽ٵһĨм
أ
ʱֻһƺߣǮzӴӰ׹յһǡۡһڣѪɫޱȲ԰ף
ŹȥãʮӶѣ
ԪǰڵǮzȻôˣǿվӣڳ˶ףǮzսѾʮһ
ڳɫһ飬ټϲֱ֣С֣۾ؽеְְ
棬Ǯ诣˽ԼǮҵĻŮ׷ɫѿ˼㣬ǮŴӰлƮ죬ǰѣͬʱҲǰδеĿ־壬ǿɨϵıĿ⣬Ǯ请·ƽһ㣬󱳲˿˿亹
ȿȡ
ǮzԲѣÿһοԶֻɤһ𣬷ѪҪȳƵģȴסˡ
ǽ֮˼ʮݣǮz
ΪԼԪǰڵʵ˫ѾǼΪˣԪҲǿ˵Ǹ֣ɼˣȴһ˶򲻹ǰ飬¸ոһнƱҪС
һʱ䣬ǮzĻ䣬ԭе׳־ڴʱĥ
ɱҰɣ
죬ǮzЦҾҲԲ˺诣ҴΨһŮ

һЦɱȴƫƫֲɱˣߣΪڵ״̬ҪɱǼˣ
ҡ
ǮzϺѪɫȴ֪Լ״Ȼܹǿվ˵ˣ֮˶Խɱ
Ҳɱ㣬ȴҲǣ
һǮz㻺׿Ǯ诺͹˽ȥһһǻȴ·̤Ǯ诵ĵףŮɫ־壬Ųıƽ鲻ԽȥŲĲѡ
㲻Ҫ
죬Ǯ诿־ǲ
ҲȥѵԼЦѣŲȴûͣ١
ҡҲȥҲȥҲ
ǮҡԴĿУʱƿҪһȫ֮ǰκһֿ־塭


543 ͽ䣬Ǯˣ
ৡ
˽Ǯǰֱ죬еĵ֮ǿαǿȥԸµҲðɣ
Ѿ֪ˣϣ²Ҫһʶ
ߣһɱǮ±ضŹ£ֺοΪԼǿУ
˽Ȼһ˿⣬ȴȻΪǮ诳ͷϣܹ˼ɵǮδпܵıӶ飡
ǣ⻰֮죬ȴЦ˽飬Ϊʹ˰֣Ǯ覴ñرԸ񣬻Źңһϲ鷳ȴҲ£
ν˲ҲˣҰٱ֮Һܲϲ鷳ϰԽ鷳ɱҡ֮УգֻҪҽȫɱˣ˭֪ģ
˵ɱ֮뿪˫˭ҵõң˵ǮҺ˲ôƼ˱٣ŲűǮ¶һˣ
˵棬ɱͬʵһ㳯ǰĹ˽Ǯ˿ѹȥǶʱѣɫҰףĿ־ĵ·ԵĲˣһͷѪħһ㣡
ҪǣУ˽֪˵ҪǮң²ֻ˵˵ѣ
Ҫ
Ȼ䣬ڹ˽βͷʱǮ诺ȻһĽţֱӻҵĳȥ֮ǰְȫͬ·һˡ
ҲŹң֪ˣҲˣ
ϵĿͷ˿̵Ǯ棬ױˣͷɢȫչֳɱ壬ΪԼʲôҲ˲ˡ
һĻ죬ΪǮĹ˽鶼סˡ
ǮҴС㣬ﾹ˵Ĵ
ŮˣҪã
˽һտڲٶԣȴǰţܹȻȥһҪüϵҺŻ£Ǯ诵Ը񣬱ضҹ˼Ҷ
뵽˽鲻Խ뵽磬ɰֵĿ⳯ȥɫ̾֡
ĪǣҺԵ޷֣
˽֪ԼﳤҲ䵽ֵز
ֻǣڵĹ˽Ҳûȥˣ˵ʱɱ£ܷջһء
ǮҴС㣿
ڴʱǮ诵ľٶ˳Ųм֮ǰ˵Ǯzı˫ۣһĻǮҴδй衭
ৡ
ǻһĨм漴˫ǮϿٵĵ˼£ͨգۼע뵽Ǯڣһ̣Ǯ诱Ȼ䰧أκŮ緶ڵϲϷʹ»մ˻ҳҲûͣ¡
ʹ࣬ޱߵʹ࣡
䵤ﲿλ£ǽʹŴʮƫƫǮ޷ԣֻӲĳͬƤʹϡ
µ׶ʲôǮ诱ֵٲɹ˽Ҳܲܡ
ģΣյģ
˫ָ󣬵ĵֻǶһСͶѣʹ֮ΪͨˣǮzλǮҳĶԱԸķݶϣҲȡС
ΪͨˣǾζŵﱻϣ
һ˵Ǳ˸ʹ࣬ǮΪǮҴС㣬һʹ֪֮ԼĽֽʲôһʹأ
£ôҲδ̫˰ɣɽ߲˺

⻰ȴֱЦľͲ˽鰡˽飬Ҫһλã
ҡ
˽ԣʱɫΣҲҿڡ죬»ԥֱӳֽնɱɣ
¿ɷմ˽ЦŹֵ
ô뱨ңüëһаЦ

˽鼱æҡͷʵԸĻȥ˼֮ͣ£ҲҵһЩԭǮҪ׷ҹ˽Ȼãҹ˼Ҳܰ½һЩҪ鷳
Ǻǣ㵹Ǵú˼
˹˽һۣ·ܹ͸һ㣬ù˽鼱æڨڨһЦͬʱ𾪣ʱ쾹үүĸо¶κһƵġ
ò˵ָоǲ
ȥ˼ҾͲˣ
һŵһۻڵϷʹǮ诣ԶҵǮҼˣЦǮңٻû뱨һŽ±ǣߣûǸӣ

ȻĻ˽鲻ɫһͣ˫ڴԼʱӵϡ
ÿСӣȻǮң
ʱһϵȻԶٴʮӰΪ׵һü뻨׵ߣŵԪڵʵʮˣÿһԪνǿ
ϣ
ߣ˽鼱æһ
ΪǮǮ֮ʵǿһ֮ǮҼҪʤһ
Ҫһ㣬Ǯɱϲ֪մȾ˶˵Ѫ嶼Ը
Ǯʵڲ֮⣬ǮҲ֮˾Ͷ
ǮĵøǮߵǼɫʱһϲ
ϣ
ǮzҲ֮ǮǮԳһ㣬˿
ߣǮzȥ˵
һǮzǮ˿ûǷУֱߵǮߵһ£ǮϵʹʱֹסֻǮȴɫڣԼ޷ֹǮ诵һʱɷǣŤͷĿǱ
Сӣ诣
ǮĶ죬ô󵨵СӣϷ
ϼһԥֱӳ֣˵һ䣬оһɳ콣ƳԼϮܿռ䶼˾ҵĲ
ϼһ뽫һ
״ȴ˿壬ЦһǧýٴλȵĽٱ䡪ն
ǿĽƺȻʱǮĹݺײһֻһԭӵըĺ촫ڳ˶ɢĿֲ쫷˿ȥΪߵǮȴ㺧˵Ĳмչ֮ǰǮzս˿̸ԳĲĿֲ
ء
䡭
ֲĹ˽ʮӣǮСӣʵ֮ܲϷԲ׷ֻҪǮңϷԱ֤һ֮λΣ
˵أ
ֱЦŻصΪӮˣƥǮ԰ɣΪٺ۸Ҹ㣬ٻŴ¾ôˣڱٷˣգٱɱ㣡
˵䣬ɱӿ֣ͬ㳯ӣڳ˶ʱɫ䣬׵Ǯ𣬸һ˫зŨŨľɫ
һˣŲɱʵǺε
ƥɣ
˫һУԥĳֽٶ֮֮ղŸڳ˶޷·


544 սǮŽն
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쾹ȻԼչǮʱһЦɸоǲԼɱ֮ʱǮҲκδ⣬æշתŲֽӭȥ
գۼ䣬һһ˱ٴδսθ죬ɱͣһϵ½˵˼
һʱ䣬ڳ˶Щסˣ
ǮzŬĲԼ˫ۣɫЦ֡ʱ֪֮ǰǶô飬Ҫ֮ǰ״̬ԸĻǮzѾһʬˡ
徹Ȼôǿ
Ҳͬɴ˫ۣ뵽ϴȥս죬һϱһԳЦ
һߣʹлָǮ诣ȴ˫ĿǺų룬ﱻϵ裬ټϸղֳΣǮ诶ĺﵽ۷壬޲һǮʬΡ
ڹ˽飬˿ﾹǲһ˿ǣʵڲеĻ᲻˾ǮȼǮңһǮҵʵضἱ¶ҲԪңԼԼ˼ԪĵλһЩӰ졭
Ȼ飬ưһСλŮȴǶŸĵǣϾǮֳʵӦҲΪѣһСˣǻʹ
ֻϧǵԪǰڵǮz飬ʱ޷Ǯ֮սܼĲŹӰڲϵضײǴ˹мĲڳ˸е壡
飡
ʱƺĳ˵ҪһЩ
ţ
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ԭǮʮǮ֮ˣʱѾĽǼȫΧȻµվλʵȴǼǰߺ˵ĵ·ȫ
һʱ䣬ŮɫΪأ
ʤǮǸϼһֻҪһ£Щ˱һӵϣŮ̫ںɱ˫Ǯвٵ˶ߣ
ν϶ҧ̫ӦҲǸ鷳
裬裬ڵЩ𣿡
ʱҧָ˵õĵȻͺÿ
裿
Զʱɫ䣬ǿʮ˵ʵԪɱ赸
ܹãΪ˱ǲǻýĹ˽飬Ǯ诣ǮzȫɱԼߵ
룬鲻ҡҡͷæ˵Ӧְֵ飡û㲻ģ֪𣿡
ǡ
Ļľ˾죬ǰְںæأһЩҪǴ뿴أ
Сǲµģ
˵䣬Щ졣ǡô˵ĺƶŮƵģóڱϲһ죬ȴûȥӽʲô
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Сҧ촽ӦתȴԵüΪ飬ǷȥˣֻԼ֪
飬˵ʲô˼
ƴû裬Ȼ֮⣬ʱҲ˹ȥɻ
Ժͻ֪ˣ
ЦЦǷཱུС˵Сӿɲ򵥰Ҫ裬룡ҲΪʲôһֱֹԭ򣡡
ô
ֺɣһ֧赸ôѵʲô
ʾ⣬ҲûٶʣעǰǮļҴսС
ء
ֲĺ촫ʱʱһƺߡսѾ뵽˰ȻĽ׶Σ˫ûκֹͣ˼Ҫһ㣬ǮƺûռκϷ磬´ôȻƽɫľ桭
ٱ䡪ѿն
ƽն
Ȼ䣬ˣűֲĽƺȻϮǮ۶ʱһͬӿֲӼӣгɱһеľŭȵŽն
ৡ
ʱֻâٸ֣ӿкȻγ˾űʮ׳ĽâǮУ˷ĳֱӭȥ
ÿֲĽƣ
һǾűâ·캳ذܣһ˿ŨŨļɵ
ȻϣԼȻǿ󣬿ǾűâϽɱ£ջû𵽸еЧǾŵâֱӳ׻ɢ
ȻŵâĹâ΢һЩȻǮĿ£Ѹײڶٶȼ֮λϮȥ
һʱ䣬յӿལĽԭЩݵĵϸ׵ĿӶǿռǿѹ֮ڳ˶׷ɫ䣬Ϊ˲˵ԼȲֻ֮ܽˣɫ
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ȴЩɣǮǿҲ޷֮ǰԵǸȣҪ֪ҵѾԪǿߣջǱþƸˣ㵱ʱзͨ棬ɷҵսȴҲ϶ӵʵ
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547 
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ʮӺеƽ㣬Զˣ

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ʱո˵ԽΣյĵطԽҪȥ̽ϧսȥף㱻үӷˣԳ־˻ǲӵʱ䣬ʱˣǳүӼʱȣ¶Ѿûڵˡ
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556 չգѻع
תۣǻصѧԺռѾȥ˼չ
⼸ʱУÿ綼ȥָָܿ˵ϾѧԺƸʦרŴЩ˵ɲ˶˴ҡ
ʱᵽߣüζȥѧԺ˵Ǹؿתһ룬һҪǳʲô飬ȫ׼±ضΣأ룡ҲûǰȥֻµǿźʱŶϷѿ׳󡭡
ϣһͬһȾ죬ޱȵ⣡
춼һ¾аʱһ߱۾һҲģȴûиоκεէһСӾͨһ
ֱڣ춼֪ʵΣĳЩʱҲڲ²⣬ǲĳϹ޵ᣬϧβ²⣬ֻٴӱϿûʲô⣡
֮⣬컹ȥ濴˳ƼΣλóҶС㣬ȻûбֳκεĲͣ޹Ȼ˺ýãȻܽռ䣬Ҳ֣˿ûκεż벻ͬԵüΪ⡣
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Ǵ֮ȵ˸˽⣬ҲǴĵ춨˻һȴϴͬҪͻƵĻôٱĽƣضȵٱǿ٣˵ʵڵ첢û̫İܹȻɹ
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ĸ׶ľڵĶľ壬ټϸûĻôпܱ֮У
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ҾͲȥˣѲã
˵飬磬ǶȥϢ÷ǿȥóԵĹ
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˵Ҳûоܾ־ĸ߶ȽŵȷҪ˯ָܿ죬ԺбֻʣϹԶԪİԼˣ÷ڶԵ֮Ҳ漴뿪
ϾˮɽϲûˣһеҪŮȥȻǲܶ
ϹԶԪİЩüʵͷӣʦãǿӵʲôȥҲ벻ףҵļƺûһǿӵӡ֪ʲôʱõģ


560 飬ټŮ
ĻϹԶԪİһЦԹɫƣࡣ
ᵽǿӣ˸еϲɫ
˵ͷӣѵ㻹ղɣ˵ô£Ĵߴٵ
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Ҳܹ֣
Сӣ治Ǽٵİ
ϹԶ̾һȻƽʦͽûһʦͽӣ֮ĹϵҲһֱ縸ӣĺϹԶò˵һĽ
ô֪ӻô棿
Цõ˵ʱֻЩ֣ҲûôʮƽӦ˵ʦãҲ
ԵʹȻ
Ԫİ̾㲻֪ʲô㣬˵ϹŶʥŷ죿
Ȼ˵
ԥĵͷ黹˶ʥġ춾أĪǣǿŷйأ

ԪİЦŻصǿΪ飬ŷ֮ʱֶƶɣ˵Ǿ綾ޱȣͬʱҲ򶾵áʦˮֶʦ˵ѵһı
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ԥ˵ֻҪʦã°ȥν˵һˣ
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Ԫİĳ˵ϾͬãϣҪ˶ٲǣ
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ǺǡҲǣҶˣ
ԪİЦЦΪĪˮ˳ֻҪʱָ˵϶ǰδйЦݣ໥˵֮ʱ˲١

ڤڣǣֻУ󻹸ſ񽣡
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֣νı²⼫пϹʥϸ˵̣ĺȻֵı仯Ҳпйأ
ϵԼŮȷʦĪˮû֮㳯ͷӺʦиǣڿҲҪһ첢ûܾʵϰߵǸߡ
ڹϹٷƣȴˮɽϣһֱƹ캣Ҳóô˻ͷʦֽֽ̣˵ܹһͻԪأ
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׷ֱ˵ǶûòУҺʹһأһ᲻˼أ
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βŻָһЩɫٴαͨ죬˰׷һ£ôҺǺֱЦ
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Ǿޱ룬ȥʶûǸ뷨˵Ƿܹʱ䣿
⡭
ǾޱĻһʱ뵽ͰҶ壬ǰȥǱߣ˵ĻûȤҪȥĻҲֻܵȵʵͻԪԺ󣬶ھȥҲʲôջ񣬺αȥһˣ


561 ֣˵𾪣
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ΪЦãǸϸ֪ĺ˻ôݣжԱ
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û뵽ʥ澹ȻĻ񣡡
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̾ףΣҲҪȥݼʥ棡
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ˣɲҪ١١ĳƺңҳܲ𣡡켱æ
У˹أ
ԥҡͷʥǽֵܣǳƺΪһٶռ˱ˣپܾĻǶֻҪˣ
˵ţ˱Ҫ¹״æЦðɺðɣƺλ壡ҵλΪԺ˵ǧҪ
ǣٷԸ̹
⡭
Цѵҡҡͷ˺ûаĻȥ
٣Ƕȥݼʥ顭֣Сʵ
ٳȫ
ڱ˵ղ̵֪ܣҵȲ֪ûеõй¶ֻҪȥݼʥ棬ͬҶԽг

һΡ
ǵӣȻ̵֪ǲܵˡֻҪȥżڰݼô򵥣Լڶû취ȥ˵ˡ
ɣ
˼һʱûȥ˵˳漴ϸרĵĽ̵ͽܣ˵ˣȲ˱ٴγʱٸλΣ
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Ĳ֪
ҡҡͷҿȷ˵ʱԲ̫಻ᳬ꣡
ꡭǻȵ𣡡
⻰֣˶һۣͬʱ칪ǾͰˣҵȾټ


562 ܼҳ
ܼҶϣλܼҼ֮£ʮ꣬ӵŵԪڵʵȴһܼ֮߰Ҳûж˶ķֻΪǶϵݵλԼܼҼĵ׵ܵܣܼ˼Եúܹ
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ڲʮʱ㱻Ҳо⣬ΪԵʣʳҲкܶûģ⼸һҲߴԴȣһĴ޺óԣֻȴûע⵽ľһĨЦ⡭
λãȥߴ٣ľʵںԼ̲סЦæ˵
ȥɣǵ㣡
ǣһһ
뿪ԶһЩľŸЦñаɷ֮˼ǼΪ⣬ľȴδӽͣܿ˺ԺУѾԹںˡ
ôˣʲôЦģ쿴ľвεЦ⣬ʵ
ү
ľǰЦŵղ˽ʣµĲַ»عܼ˶ȥû뵽ǳԵĲֺ²Ǳ߶̲סˣ
ۡ
⻰պһڲһֱ˳ҺʱŤͷû絽ϡ
Աߵ֣Ҳһ㶣漴һЦ
㰡
ЦãǾû
ûأԵúܿģ
ľЦ˵ȻȥøŪ㣡
аɣҲԲˣ
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ľκΣյˣǾǾԵУƴҲԲǵóѣ
ô˵Ҳˣ
ҡҡͷɣȥǣǵʲôֵ׼ҵʱ֣


563 ʨӴ󿪿
ŵŵš
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죿
죬ôģһ

Ӧһֳڱϵܼ֮˹񣬿ϧȴǸֻ߰ǳͷȫûһ
״΢΢һЦδϣЦܳ˲֪кιɣ
죬ܲһԽǰˣ
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Ц㹧̬ӵ⣬Ҳ֪ϼһˣһЩȻв硣
׾ͺã
ͬļ򣬿˵ȻףǾ˵˵ɣܼҾкԪ½ʮħ̵꣬ṩ㸺𣬶ô˷ܰɣ

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˼ʮħ̵꣬˵治ҪԼ֮⣬ȫ𣬶ֱֻһЭ鰡
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ģѵܼһ㲻ɣ
߰һЦǻṩڵвϣиҪҪȸܼṩһټħһҪ֤ÿһӵħƣҲװ

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ǰԸ⣬ʵûа
Цǰ֪ӡħƵĳɹʵ̫ˣһǺͶǻãаٷ֮ʮĳɹʣɴӵǿʼ½ȫ֣װĳɹҲԲһɣʮֵʱ䣡һټҪ£ʱ䣡
˵һԽ谵ɫ¿ˮߣһʧܣôǰŬữΪУħҲ⣬ʧܻըһСпΣҲΪʲôڽħ̵֮һֱûܿٷչԭ򣡡
⻹Ҫһ㣬ħƵĿӡΪľڵ״̬˵һټˣ¾ʮҲ
ȻǰǲŵĻȥħʦǰκεĻԣ
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Ŀ⣬첻˼Цлǰĺ⣡ӡħǲ˲ֵģ򵥵˵һ£ħƵĿӡҪһͣмκεͣ٣ȻӲʧܵĽ
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⻰ɫʱһЩ˵ǲϽܼҵĺˣ
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ֻǣŵζĶӮˣܹΪܼħʦӶڲõĽܼҵʵȽ˵Ļռ˲Сıˣ
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565 ܼطԪ
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Ļָ˵սԽ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȡ
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567 ܿͷӵٻ
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Ը߰ôҲû뵽ԼȻĻ䣬һʹˡԪ£һʱܵǰδеĴ
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е˸ɻܿʱɫһĵ壬Լ̳˵˵ģȥܼұضյ۶ʹû䣬ţ

⻰һ˫ʱܹܿûһЦĳɷ֣ȻɫпԿܿûκ١
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һصͷ漴ڤߵһ鶼˵˳صȴἰ֮ĶĶ
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ҲһõŵµˣܿܿͬߵǰһֱǸ߰ͷǸ죬֮ǰϷ̫³çˣе֮£ζĶˣұ֤һгŵ
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ˣǵԽˣ
ЦЦصһ֣ñϿŵܿ¶һĨЦݣԼı֣ĵ״һ

Բٴڿ
һаɷɽׯչ죬֣ºȫϯҲ飬ŮľκȻȵȣҵһֱҹʱ֣ɢȥԻطϢ
ڶһ磬֣ºҵ죬˵ʱȥǵļеȺǵʥϢˣǱ̸Ϲ
Դˣ쵹ҲûǿϾ֣Ҳв㣬˵컹Ĳ֪ʲôʱܽǵ֪ǸϸؼҵϢòġֻЩΣǶûм֮ǰǾԲὫ̵˵
ţҲܼҵ뿪ˣ֮ǰпȥܼͣڴӦֻĲ֪ʲôʱܳЩʱѡ
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˺ܿ㳯칪һ񣬸мĵƢ仯˼˵Ҳһ£
㰡ô˵ˣܼΣ֮䶼ֵܣҡ
Ц֣Ҫ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȻͷϹԶĴСӣϽʦҪ㣡


568 ʦټұ֣
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˴һк鼱ҴҵĻصˮɽϣ˸ոѹʦĪˮ
ץĪˮ֣Щʣж᲻ᵯֻδʱ
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ʱڴϵĪˮɫ԰ֽѪɫǵһʱ˲٣Ҳûͬʮٸķˣһ˵ܹڵĶѾˣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ʦһָܹǰģ
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Īˮǿֲ̧˲۽µ飬Цŵⲻû𣿡
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ЦЦ˵ʦӦúúϢôһҪң
ôҼҵĹԹҪΪʲôô
ĪˮһģٺЦͷĪˮЦѡ
ˣ˵°ɣǶ
вֻ飬ͷϹԶϹٷƣʦԪİԼ񽣺Ͱ÷ȫأֻǷеûôֻ࣬ϹԶԪİǸɴֱڴߣȻĪˮûɿ
Ҷʦ˵ˣҪԵʻõ飬ʦҲûлĻˣ
ĪˮԵԱҪڣĪˮȴֱӴϵ˵ȥ
ãã˵˵켱æЦ
Ź
Īˮ¶һĨ˵Цݣû㣬ʦҾѾˣϹŶʥŷ֮ü˵ľѾԣӻԪʢϽѰ֤Եʦﲻӵģ
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켱æ˵ô˵ҳҺԵҲǶʦҲãŰɣҵԼˣ
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ԥʼ鿴ŰͺãңҲҪң
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ĪˮֱӶһۣʵ£
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ĪˮҲ֪ұǳ԰ٻȵģ׼ȷ˵ʵʦҰǰٻȵͽλȥǺǡЩһҲкܶûҵ֣
ңٻȹǸĴɣЦ
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Īˮһۣ˵ͷıԸ㣬ͻذٻȺѾȥΪɽʮΪͷѾִͬԺͱȥ԰ٻˣ֪ô
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ĪˮԣͬСӰЦЦ漴ȴǱ΢ȻһЩڵ֮أһ飬ɻǵú޴ˣ
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ԺʱһŮӵӰ񣬵ЦŵͷȻǵãûǴĻӦǰٻȶϺ֮ͽ԰ɣ
ŮļԻܲĪǸ˸飿ĪˮϷʰЦ
ʦ⻰ɲ˵
ԣЦãҺûΣʲô飿ĪУһӲɣ
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ĪˮЦЦʱĻһ˰ٻȰɣʲôȥ˾֪ˣޣԼʫйأ
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ĪˮûĵҸ㣬Ǻ£ʦ˵֮ǰǱչͻûܳɹô˵ȥ˰ٻȣܹҵͻƵˣҾ˵㰮ȥȥ

ʦĻ켱æЦʦǧȥȼ֮Ҿȥ˰ɣģҴӦ飬һ쵽ģҾһֱҶĻ𣿡
ߣ⻹࣡
Īˮǰһ漴˰ֱ۵ˣСӣȥɣе㷦ˣϢ
ǣǣߣҪúϢһųķأ
ɣ
ٺ١
˵䣬Цſ뿪˷䣬ĪˮЦһ䡮СӡȴŨŨ簮

ʦ֮ˮɽִ죬ȵĪˮӺתһЩǶŻص˺ڤС
аɷɽׯڣһϤӰǹұ֡
ϴλԪʢ֮󣬹ұָס£ΪĹϵľκȻаɷӶŵųԹұֶʮֵ𾴣ڹұֵҽ£ħ̵긽½һԺ䣬רΪ׼˶һҪ
ұҲ˵ǴԪݻ֮ûгһΣһֱʱ֣ķԸľȥұ뵽аɷɽׯУˣ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
Źұһ־ģߵʮ⡣
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ӦûҪæһʱ䣡רŰҴһЩֶҪ˵
û⣬ϣ
ұؿڣʲôģҲԸңֻҪ㹻ұ֤һ񣡲
ʲôŹұЩԥӣЦŵָ磬ǶһˣʲôҪľֱ˵
ٺ٣ʵҲûʲôȾƣǰȻҺȾ֮״̬һЩұЩڨЦͷ
һΪʲô˵أ
ԥĵģƹܹҪж٣ûˣȥľκȻҪҵȻͷԸǣ
Ǿûˣ
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˵ĵע⵽׿Ϳ׷ϵĽɫ첻һ£ںڤӦò˵Ӵȥǰɣ
˵ֵܣ˶ȥϸңǲ̫˰׿ǰϴһȭЦ׷Ҳǿ¶һЦݣԳֽɬ
УСⲻһֱæʲô׸磬ɩӣԵһ£˵˵
ԵȣųľκȻ˵ľκ磬ȥ׼һ£
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һ˵һʦڻԪʢҲȡ˶ʦһĺóɼҲֳԸɲܿ
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˽ֵȥںڤһʺϵĵطҽһԺӡ
ո˵ұֱϵ죬ˣڵԺҲ½ģûҪô˷ѣֻҪиϢĵطͿˣ
ָ磬˵꣡
ҡҡͷҵ˼ǣרŽһԺӣȻŪһңרŹʹãʲôȱҶҪõͨ뻷ɲָίұ֪˻ң
˵ţŤͷľκȻɣȻָѾϰǸԺӣǾͱԺԱٽһָϲøҽһĶҳ
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⻰ľκȻ˶һ㵡

ͷҪôͲҪͽõģҪʲôãҪǽҸҸô
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ˣָ磬ȸȥɣһҪǸҸŪ
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ܿ죬ұֱľκȻ뿪ˣʱԺҲֻʣ죬飬׿Լ׷ˡ
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׷ʱԵֵܣǿ׼ڲݱһɽзһʮĵطн籣ĳ˵ȥö˲̽ʧأȴǵõ˼Լһ
ǰʱ䣬һĪҲ֪Ӻδ֪ϢֱҪһȻͬ⣬ɴ˱ĪҽԹʵ˵ĪǱʵǿһǿ׼ҺС嶼Īҵѹǿ棡
ΪõǶеܹÿ׼Ҽٷչ׳󣬿ĪҵȴǸһĴǸĪװģĺܹ˵ҪǽһƽıȶʤƣӮˣǲҪ˫ֽҪƽΪ⳥
첻㵣⳥ʲô⳥
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׷˵Ǹȷֵģȶ˶ѣ⳥֮ǰȵȷãֱˣĪƺƲǿ׼ң˵ζĶѰԮʮµˣ
ǿ׼ڲݱڲһС壬ʵǿҲԪѣȻһֱҲҵͷϣû취ֵֻ֮æˣ
Īҡ
ԣԺвϸֳĪҵһУ˵Īк̨ģԪݡ
ڵʲô첢ȷǣĪҸ㲻ʲôҲΪһ˶Դ׼ң
ֻǣֵʦָʱ챾㰲ź˹ұֺȥˮɽʦء
ԥɵӣ׷ΪԸӦ㼱æ˵ֵܣαȶܹʤǿ׼ԸǼѡһΪлȻֵῴЩҲǵһ⣡
ɩ˵Цˣɩӵ飬ҵ飬Ե岻ݴǣ
ҡҡͷ漴ʦĪˮ˲ŻָһЩ˵˳һʱ׿Ϳ׷ɫ˼ʧ
ѵǻǿƲɣ
磬Ҫȥɣ
˵չʦǣ׸ɩӵҲҪģĪ̫ɶһЩҪӮˣҲû׼ʱ밡
Ļ׿Ϳ׷ϣ졣

һ£˵ȶʲôʱ䣿⻹ʲôҪ𣿡
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׷ʱصĪҵ˵һµʱ˰æҪֻһʮ£ûˣ
£Ӧòɣ
һ˵ɩӣ㿴òãʦȻȵʱٸϹȥ֤ᵢʱ䣡
ԣȻԣллֵܣӦ׷ֵ̼ĵͷ
ɩ˿
ЦŰڰ֣漴ˣ˵ʤҵа𣿡

ʻ׷ʱ¶һĨڨڨЦݣصҲѣĪҾ˵ԪǱʲô֧֣֮ԿڶҵĶʵҲǸ룬ζĶҲǸ֧Īҵ˳ɣ
µʱ䣬ʦӦָܹĲ࣡
Ħһ°ͣ˵ɣɩӣʱҴͿһȥΪԷһҴһЩ˻ȥݳ̽ףһҲӦûˣ
ģֱ̫ˣ
Ļÿ׷ϲ쳣֪µѧԱǳԲݼĴ壬ȻǲδΪԼе񣬵ȴȫȨԵļ壡ĪҾǿҲƲЩΪС
ټϿ񽣺飬ԭԿ׼ֵ֮飬Ϊһξ޴תۣ׼˶õӿķչҲ˵
׿Ϳ׷ҲǶЦݣ죬һͬ˵һŸȥ
Լʮ֮ӺڤǰȥݱǣϾ·ҲҪһʱ䡣
磬ʲôߺӺ汧סĲӣʵ
֪Ϊʲôܾûô򵥣
ü˵ɩӺͿ׼ҵĹϵûôǢ֪׼ƺһֱɩӵĴڣһΣȻ֪ͨɩӰæˣп»ǲ֪飡
׷ɩӣȻֵǣҪǿ׼ʲôıĻ׷ǾΣˣô˵ҲֻһˣⷽиоͻɵĻҲö˵ʲô


570 ӿӿ֣
ĶаɷӶ֮˵ȫ£ʱѾȫɣŹұԼĹ˼뷨Ȼ̸Ϲ񹤣ȴǶԹұʺϲĵط
ڶ»һƽѣұûµʱﳩƣһȫ˷Цݡ
ڶ棬ұȫ̳ʦұ͵Ը񣬼ֱԵ˼㣬ҽ֮ȲľκȻ׼ҪһвϣֻǺһкһͷ˽ȥԷ˯ǱߣģֱЦãȴҲû
ֻҪұֵ岻ʲô飬Ǿ;û⣡
ұֶıԽ࣬첻ܹиԭȥӡħ
⻹һ飬ѪǾޱӶŵλųǾޱԼ°׷ŮǰѾǰȥˣȻ˵ǰǻǲҪǰȥԴҲö˵ʲôһ޹һСģпˣԲʲôջ
Ҳĵľ˵һʱ̹עһŮ״ʵڲеĻˣľԴǰȥԮ벻ˣ
Ѿһ˵ľ˵ȻǾ˫ͬƽﻹкܶҪĻľǶ޲úͬˡ

תѹʱһֱˮɽϣʦĪˮһùһ״̬һֱǵǵ㳹׷
ϹٷƾȻҲʱ׿캣רĵ̷
ԴˣĪˮıʾԼû£ǲʦȫָǾԲطġ
һˮɽʱԵüΪֵ֣һ˵ıͷϹԶ
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ϹԶƵ˦˦֣˵Сӣ㻹ǵϴκ˵ĺؼ֮°ɣҶ׼ˣֻҪһ£캣ڶֱһԺؼҶ֣ҿǺؼŪʬɽѪ㲻꣡˭˺ˮӱҪǡ
˵ϹԶһǡɫȴһЩЦã
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ϹԶε˦˦ͷˮҲ֪զģǲҶԺؼҶ֣ĪǣΪؼпԭ˵ֱ˺ؼˣģҶˮ
ʦʦҪԱأһԣϹٷ
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ӿڵͷӣʦǱˮɲʲôʱԹôĿؼȻʦЩԨԴԲǶֵɣͷôʲôѵ㻹ʦ𣿡
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ϹԶĴӵۣǰסˮɽʱͷӼһСһ󳳵ģĶˡ
ˣȥϢɣ鰡ʦ˵ҪغСӣȻ϶ҪӳǽϹԶڰ֣漴Щĳ
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ҹĻ𽥴٣һʱôȥˮɽٴν뵽һƬžΨʱĳ˵һƬŨ
»أʱɲǣһȴ𽥱֣ؼ䶼ڴʱ谵˲٣ƷѹֵϢ˲佫ˮɽȫ֡
ৡ
ʱͷϹԶԪİ飬죬飬ϹٷƣԼ÷סɽϵ˶׷״ӸԵķ˳ϹԶԪİɫ֮⣬˾оصѹȣԪתͣ͵ĸоܲ
ͷӣôˣ
û뵽Ȼʱ죡
ϹԶûлشĻ̧ͷգء

ķһۣʱԪİȴ飬ϸ룬ҲģԪݷɽ
Ԫݷɽ
⻰һ£漴ԺкȻ˵ڷɽϣʱǲϧɽٳ棡
ϧڶɹʥ֮ٺ󣬲˳Ľʥ򣬳ΪϵڰλʥߣΪʥߣ
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䣬ĪˮһķֱɶգۼѾͷ֮ϣһϮӿͬŮٷһ㣬ųԽװ
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ϹԶȴЦҪ֪ǸŮţһ۰Ůˡ֮һ
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ʱǷӿУĪˮ򿪻ɽҪͻˣ
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ϹԶӦһκȻ֮ԭʧ˸֮УˮɽΧʱʮϹԶ˫ӡ£ʮϰ׹ʢƳһâγһ޴ķ֣ˮɽȫ֡
üһʮâ󣡡
״һݣɵ޵ͷӹȻ򵥰󷨣ڵʵò仹ҪˮɽôķΧ
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ţѵֻʮâ󣿡
ԪİĻ첻ЩɻעӼС
Ȼһ˲󷨺ϹԶȴٴʧʧһֻĸһģһӰ񣬶ΪһǣÿһӰ˫ӡȫͬʱ֮һֹӾԶϢˮɽϼӣŨϳϿĪˮڵλüӿȥ
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üͷ΢壬ĻȻ⾹ͷӾȻ᲼ľ󷨣
磬ʲô󰡣Աߣʵ
󣬱ö׻ϷȸԼ֮Բǧ֮ڵĳ㣬ĳϣҾתЩֱգҪѰϹʱΪһ־󣬲ҾϹʱڣܲҲָ򵥵˵
Ļ˵ɫж˶ϹԶͷƽģ浽ֹؼʱȴһ㶼ӡ


571 ɹ
ϵһУϹٷʦ󷨣ѵͲĻʦʲôӰ죿
ᣡ
ҡͷ˵ͷĺʮâǳ֮Χγһ֣Աˮɽǣܹǳ֮ƵʦɽٳɹĿԣ
ˣھۼͬʱԼĲʦģҲɽ֮ʱᵣԪľ鷢ңһҪģã޷ӸӴ˿˵ʮâศɣ
˵첻΢̾һϧﰢܹ߶ɽ٣ҲڰҸŪôңûҪҵС
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ԪİҲ֮ԵϧǸƢʶڣܹʥϿĶԼ
ϧﰢ̿ҸأЦ˵ֵȻǰʥ߽ˡ
ܹճɾΪҸһ飡
ʦãĿƺҲ˽⣡ĪͻƵʱҲߣʵ
ǵģ
Ԫİ鵹ҲûзϣֱԵҵʵԲĹȥȻͱʦʦӵߣ󷨵ศǿȥֻ㻹ûߣŲ֪Ӧö˽һЩ
ţʱһСֻЩӡѣ
ϹٷƵͷֱڣҲ֪󷨵ֺãֲʦ˵ܲõļ̳أǺǡ
ڲìܵļУϹٷ仰ᱻΪǶļʣȴףϹٷƸûǸ˼ȻûκѪԵϵȴֵܸף
һֱ໥䶼ûκ֣ȫԷ˿Խĵˣ˿ûκν٣
쿴ʦƯ
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ʱĪˮİ£ɢʵĹâĴУԷ裬ںڵ㷢ڶ־֮С
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Ԫİţ˵ȻмǲɳҪŵˮĶɽ٣
ף
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ϣү
ԣʱЦһ˫۾˸ѪĹâԥĴ̤ǰֱӼһɱ¾սУ
񽣲׵ģټ϶Щɻ˵ǵǹķһɱ¾һ㣬һֱֱץɻ˵ĲӸ߸𣬶ǺݺײһʱԴըѣԽҷɣת۱ʬ壬˿ûκεķ֮˵񽣴ȥʲô˺ˡ
˵ǵɱ˻΢ƽһЩô񽣱Ǳҵ˼㣬ɱ˵ͬʱͷȻɱ˵Ḷ́¿ĿѣҪǰȴָң֪¾ȥҲƲǶ֣
һʱ䣬¶ԼӸͷŭ޲ѡ
ɻôΣ
֣ͣˣְͣɣ
˺ѷεĺţǰΪڻҲûѪȳ棬ʹ˼㡣
ң
ԣȴЦ°£һжӱҵģҸղű˵ˣʵ㽫ҵ˽ٽӽǴãұɻһ·ɣȴԸ⣬һжҵģ
ûгͣ£Դ֮иɱȻ»Ȼ֪˵ʲô
ڰ
֪־棬;齫ǸŮ˴
ҡˣ
죬ջǵͷŹǰɣǶ޹ģҪʲôͶһ
Ҳ䣿
ƲƲ죬Цٴڵʱѣǵ˱ͷϣΪٻݻɽ𣿡
ʲôĻڣ
⻰º鸸ʱɴ˫ۣ𺧡
㣬죿
¼ѿڡ˵ԻҲһĸ飬ҲܽԼ½ȡΪɻˣһֱ֪ǵһ˲Żᱻ𣬿ȴûʵĿ˵쿴ȥôˡ
Ļֻ־ԭƴһսʧ
Էڶ͸˵ɻˣȻɻžʱķչҲ㲻ڵĻ˵ȴȫֻһСƵģûκӮĿܡ
¼ȻܹдǽɻţȻҲǼ򵥵
ǰٶɻ˲ѾʧȥģΪʱ価£ˣջĵͷҲκε˼
٣סְɣˣ
ͨһֱӹߵĶ飬ȴЩƵģӦǱʱΧѪɱ¾ŵʧأһģ
˵ˣҸ㣬Լûգ쵭ĵס֣ʲôô
ҡ
죬Ŷûͣµɱ¾Һ֮Цһ£εĵԸӽԺΪ
Ŷ
⻰ȴüëһȻû뵽¾˵ȴڶЩȡ
Ҹô㣿
Цҿɲ뱻˵ɵһŪ
ҡԶ췢ģΥض𣬲úԥһ£ջָ˵
Ǻǡǲ
ЦЦ֣ˣͣ°ɣ
ৡ
Ļʮ˼ٴսܿվص󣬲񽣻Щһ꼸ŤϽһ˵ľǺ˦˦߻صվ
һƬѪȣǷɻǲȱȫʬ壬ŨѪϢĵŻȴЦݲ䣬µĵ˵ٵ㣬òҪ˼ٶ
ѾˣҲû˼ˣ
ҡҡͷɨһΧǣû֡
һУǸɵġ
٣ԸΪֻҪӦŹµЩֵܣҿԸһڻڵܣ
ԥ˺һҧ˵ұ֤ԺĹң˵Ҳһ⣡
вң
üëһЦЦɱ⡣
ǣ
¼æҡͷֻҵһң
ҿԴӦ㣬ˣԼҲţ
쵭Ŀڵδӣ
С顭
ԣʱԥѣԼ񣬿ʼնⰡνʳӣôôȥأ
ǣ鲻ܹ˵ĺ⣬÷ɻʣµתΣΪ
ºɣһش΢ǰ⣬ôձضǷɻ֮ڣ
ʶһʱ䣬ºԥþûܸش
ãΧܶɻϣĿУҧ촽ѿڵһƾٴãҾκ飡
´һʱΧķɻһеĳȥԼƿС
ӸղŵѪɱ¾Ҫǣòһʱ̡
С
ĳһۣ漴ֽǰ˵ôˣҪκιǣҰ
лү
мĳӦһĿǱɱ
ʵںĲԼСȽá
ܹΪСȽϧΪС͵˶ȻûκѪԵϵȴ֮øס
СȽ㱻̣Լ޲ýƤ
ע⵽еɱ⣬ºüҪſģĿע£ʼջ޷˵ڡ
үͷΪӴԺΪͨˣҲ޷ɣ̾һ˵
˻¶ʱ۾һΪܱͨҪã
ȴüͷһ壬СҪˣԸôŹ֪ʲôΪģ
϶ǿշ²ô˵ģϾ³£ԸŹһСҲȻ¶м㣬һҲ˽±Ŀԣ
үˣ
صͷܹΪСͷССȽѾǸмǲٸ鷳СȽҲͬģ
ҲգȻôˣҲ˵ˣСҪסһ㣬ҵˣҰͷӦõģԺٸ˵ַϻүҽѵ㰡ɫ
ţллү
СмĵͷʱŤͷ¼Ե£Ҳˣô飬ûɣ


576 ڵܣִﲢݳǣ
ɻŻڣװμΪ򵥣κݻ֮
˽λϣԱߣڳƾֱұߣ֪֮ϵˣµһʱ䶼ΪŮŮأ
ʵ¾ڵҲָоһĿж˼ϷʣĳһۣɳȴûκβƵģԹϣѾͷ˵Щʲô˿ûнΪĿϡ
ѺҲЩȻƺ֮ΪǿЩ϶˵ԹɾʱദƿһֱĮ֮ʼŦҲ֪ʲôʱǾͻʲôرϵˡ
£˵˵ɣ㵽֪ʲôڵܣ˵һȤվ£ʵ
⡭
ɨһΧˣʱĳԱ߲ȥĺ⡣
ܸͬɴվǣ㳯ȥ˵ǴȥܿϽҲһͬ뿪ˣʱ䣬ھֻʣ£죬Լܹˡ
ڿ˵˰ɣ
ʵҲ͵ͼλ˵ģ
µүҲ֪ڽڲʱ䣬ȴչΪѸ٣ͼλϵʵĺܿ죬һжΪڵܣ
ΪѾΪԵʣټƹһСʶʱѾĿڳƺүҲֵİɡܹϣÿı֡

˻ʾ¼˵ȥ
֯һԣڲһ˵ϹʱĴ֮أϹƽйأ
ƽ
üͷһ壬ϹҲڵ伮мһЩ򵥵ֻƽΪټ֮嶼Ҫټ
ңƽʮǿ󣬲ϲηΪʳͷУΪ̫ǿԵʻǴݴƽÿʮһٿ飬ɹʵһʧܱҷ
ϹʱڣƽҲֻһִ˵û˼
µĻ𾪵ͬʱȴźܴĻɣ룬ǲΪ˻Ϣ
ƺĲɣ³үϢȷǴ׶ҲеϢ׼ȷԸߴ˳ɣ
˼˵ǸصĴ֮أ㼫пƽйأһɫʵ
ǣ
ºɵĵͷ±ʵͻԪ֮󣬴ǰȥھַ̽ǡ
û뵽Ϊٵ£
ӿڵôлв˵֮ԽϢ߱٣ֻҪٴ˰ȥ̽̽·ô̵
²ң
Ļµʱ¾Ǹ˼Ѿ췢ģү£
ɣϣ㲻Ҫʲô˼򲻵췣٣ٶ̧̧֣
ǣף
˵
ǣ
漴¼̽鵽ϢܣھַӦһص磬֮رӦǽ֮УһֱԼ򿪷ƹУ뾡һа취޷֪Щ
ò˵ϢȷҺܸȤ
Ħһ°ͣƽȥʶʶҲǺõģܹշǡ
磬ηҪȥݣȰ׸ɩӽ׼֮󣬱˳·ȥɣҲÿԻȥүү˼ңڱ˵
ţ
ͷ£ε鱾پ㣬˵㻰ȻʾѾ鸽٣ɱȴ㲻ôģͼߣʱȺٻ飬ֵĺãҲȻǰҪϴĸ棬ٶȡС
ĻӶа취ñ˵ɫһʱ֮Щ΢
ܿ죬±صͷʾģҲһˡ

ɻţһ˳ջ
ʵƿصղ޹ؽҪ˵Ǹڴ֮أȷ켫Ȥ
ĻСһ⻹ʦʥϧǿѹ£Сųѵ׷ߣʵСһ֣ʤļʾԲᳬɡ
ܹƽշôĽضżˣԪҪǰȥѰҸĸϢҪүүǿƻعңһжҪԵʵϣ
ݳǣȻôķ
ΣȴڻûִﲢݳǵʱѾֿظңϾ׼ҺĪҵԼʤӦ׿Ϳ׷Ҫϳ׼Ҿ˵Ҳ϶ҵμ֮ˣ˶ٲӰʲô׼һҲˣ߿ϳʤҲܸߣʶο׼֮У첢δ̫ķϣѲĪһ뵽ʮµԪǿߣ
Ҳ˵ܷ뵽Ԫ½ϣôԪǿ
캣аٵݣǴû
ʶԭʮ˵Ķܿɢ˿벢ݱǵľֻ죬飬ԼˣĶɢ¼岢δڲݳǵɣܿҲǸһͬȥݶͣһ˳·Űݷã
СȽȴֱӻȥǱط绹ڵǡ
ݱǣȴҪ΢һЩȴĪһҶƹűڽһĵ̣ӪνǷˮ𣬶Ī֮£׼һСļ壬ҲĪల£Ͼ˭֪ˮĵ
ֻΪ׼䷢ֵǸĪۺ죬ԼʤĶĶ
뱱ΪҶǵһԵʣڽֵϵС˶ڲϵĴΧòҲ˲˵ĹעΪпôһ󺺵ĴڣȴЩɫûɫ̫
ǣ֣ıǰ档ӱС˲٣ȴһ򶼺õĻ˵ƴӣȴҲಽ
ѾͷﶼһڲССڵĿţȴΧЩ棬Ͼ˼ҵСӲߣǺ«֮Сԣֿż·˻ǵһμ
磬ֱȥ׼ңҸطס£ʵ
ԼҪſʼǽǰȥ׼һ鷳ˣɲϰߡ
ȥ׼Ұɣ
һ£˵ȥϤһ»Ͼ׸ɩӽ飬ǧܳʲô
ţã
һ򳪸Ҳδ˵ʲôһͬǰȥ׼ҵλòѴֵͷǶŶһׯӣȻȲĪңȴڲݱҲǼΪˡ
ȻûԶúһĵүãþò


577 ټˮ׼ң
ӰӺ滺һɫȹȹȴֻȴӯӯһյҶټǰ˶˫壬ϱǰ޳Ĳ޵ӣС죬ͦСǣˮĴ۾Ȼչ֣һͷںڵ㷢ƶƮ˵Ȼˡ
Ůǲݶˮϰˮ
ˮߵģȴǸü뻨ףͣȴʵԪϣ
ڳҼҪԳǿ֮Լżֻּǣˮϳ棬ϵǿõʱ컹Ƿһ飡
ʱĳԪǰڣϵһȭ֮°ˣϵʱҲԪڵʵһûϴĸоٴһЩ
Ԫڣ
Կ϶˵Ԫڵǿߣĸоֱ˶֮У¶Щڣ
ˮ㣡
쳯ˮһк񣬡ϣ
ٲضϷ򲻹ֻһ˶ѣϲ˲ӣʱԵ࣬Ҳ֪Ǻԭ˴ı仯
үãǲڼѧԺǱߵôȻˣһأˮĸ첲׽һʵ
˳ţˮǺĴ磬Ľë콫ѾͷһˮںѾͷϺգݺݵǷཱུ˼ڣ
ֵǣ绹Ͱˣһİ˲̫׽ȴˮǣˮ۷Ź⣬ϲ˼㡭
ˮ㲻ڶǾӪˮ󣬾ȻҲߣ϶кҪɣЦǺǵķʵ
ҲʲôҪ¶
ˮƲƲ죬ûĵˮĪЩϵҲҵĴͻˣⲻǰܵĪҵ룬һУĪҺͿ׼֮һԼ
ԣһۣڸеľ
ˮӣǲԸӦǿĪҺˮ֮²þܾ
ֻû뵽ɺϡ
ϷŪˮע⵽ɫ仯ɵõǺܳԾĪҲΪζĶ

ͷЦܵ˿׼ҵμӶĶģһԮɣ
ʮµˣ
ˮһЦЦĪԼµģ˵ǺֹǺǡү֣Īοҿˣ
ʵˮ֪Ӹղϼ֮ʱɲǱֳ𾪣ˮҲܹ²⣡
ĪҺ֮䣬ˮѡĻԻɵվߣ
һĪңܹȣˣ쵱ܹԵԪʵֱҼأ
ȴЦʵˮ㣬ղ˵Īˣ֪Ժη

ˮҡҡͷҲʹĪҼĪ壬ȴһֱؿƿĪĿ̬УҿԿʮ㣬ʲô֮
˵ˮ˶٣۾һĽӿڵпǳҵˣ߸ɴǳҴٳ磿
šܣ
ˮ͵ĳ춪һۣͷǰ˵ĪҺͳЩĪ֮ڱܹһ֧󣬳Ҳ˲ٵǷǳλҴү棬Ͳö֪ˣ
ǳĻôҲпԳң
üͷ΢壬Լû̫ĵǣֻǳĲһŵĻžǱ濴ȥô򵥣
ˣһһʥǿߣĸ׳
Ҿ˵Ҳֻгôһǿߣڵж٣Ǿǳҵˣܹ֪
ÿҲ˵Ŷ
ˮЦЦ˵ҺȥĪˣټ
ãлˮˣ
ͷˮȴЦлʲôлҿʲôû˵أˣҿԼĲУɲκƫ˽أã֮ǽúúõ˵˵
ţˮߣ
ͷˮϴһ뿪ӰɫȻЩأ磬ǳĻָʹ鲻򵥰
˵ֻ쿴˵ˣ
ҡҡͷ߰ɣȥ׼ң

׼ңȻڱʵǿȴҲֻ˵еƫϣ˵ˣǶڵּһ߶żңһҳֶԽĪҲˣ
˵ݳڵĸĸгһ໥ȻϵʵǿȴͬԣȻڱдڵ壬һֱΪڳҵУĸҲల£ϴϳǱߵұԼұ֮£Ҳһɡ
׼ңϿ׷׿޵֣ſԵƬ̣׿Ϳ׷ĽӭУֻǴʱȻЦݣЦ֮ȴЩԥɬ֮
һ·ϣȻſ׼˶Ӷϴкȴܹио裬ڲм˿ûκ֮⣡
סԺУ׷Ǹֵܣã˼οҪǰһˣ
ߣ׿ƵĲУɫΣһЩŭ
ӻع׼ҶȻ⵽˲ٵİۣȴҲ֪׿Ϊ˿׷ĻıƢߴȥˡ
Ǻǡû£һ˾Ͱһˣ
ЦЦҲ͵˳·ؼ̽̽ʲôģŶˣ׷Ҳһˣȥ˶Ǳߣȿȡ
֪ǳСӻ
׷òԾ̾һҡͷСԸ׸һ˵ףҶԲǸ
ⲻ£С粻ҲãѹסƢм
׿ҡҡͷ̾ЩҪһֱԣǺǡ
ǺǡĺͶȥˣһЩǱ˵ļ£Ҳö˵ʲô
Ȼʱһ洫˽װã˵ļˣôҲѲǲ˼˵𣿡
ӵɫһѿ˲٣׿ߵп׺ͥɩӵĴ磡ȻҶֵ㲻ҲͣÿҺɩӵӣ
İɣ׸磬׵ģ
ͷ漴üӰֱƿرյԺ˽
Ϊ׵׷м񣬶ȻǸ׺ͥˣڿ׺ͥ߻һֺ꣬źݻȴǿ׺ͥĶӣ׼Ҵٿ
ڿ׺ͥͿˣǿ׼ҵĻ߸ɴ˵ǿ׺ͥͿӵ߹
˵İ֣
׺ͥɨһˣ䵭벻мĵ˵ãôҲ룬οǹϵǿ׼ҵҺøд㣬򻹲Ϊǿ׼ңѵ볢ҵζ


578 ˺֮
׺̬ͥȺţŶǵĲм
ǰʱ䣬׿Ϳ׷֮˵Ѿҵһǿ׼ҵԮֻϧû˷ϣǵĵ׺ͥһõϢһϷʣ׿Ϳ׷Щȥˡ
׺ͥ˵ûУ
׷ʲô㱨ɣҲ֪˭֪ͨңǱˣҳȥˣǸ׸ҰŵԺӣֲţ
СãôôҸ˵
׺ͥߵĿǲ˵үүѾǿ׼ܹΪģµĿ׼Ҽ
˵ʲô죿
׷ߵۻ軨־׺ͥΪҲ֪ұϳ׼Ҷڰָʹ浱ҿ׷ɵӲɣ
ǴĶķԷ
׺ͥͷޣȴЦݲĵҵСãǿ׼ҾˣıѾ޳ȥôܶСЩ飿
ʵˣ
׷İڰ֣ʲôˣѾúˣ׺ͥʵ㣬λҲǲμӿĪ֮ĶĶҪŸ׵Ŀ
Сãԩˣ
׺ͥ˫һĨâȻЦݵĵҸ֪˵Щʲô㿴ڳʲôˣⲻǸ÷ôӣںڤǱ߹Ҳô
˵ڤǻңøܿĺܣдڼǰܣҵͷһƫƫ
У㿴⼸ˡôᣬȻСӣΪǿ׼ǿõĲɣһǾ֪Ȼûʲôã
˵׺ͥΪмƲǼҲ֪ʲôƭ˿׷ǣҸǣҿ׺ͥɲô׳գǿ׷Ŀ˷ݶϣҸòҪߣûܾȵǣ
˶٣׺ͥУ֮ľ͸ҹȥǿ׼Ҳӭᣬ㲻ҵֻ֪թˣ
׺ͥ˵ûУ
׿ʵ̲ȥˣ˵ͰˣɾȻìͷָǡ
ŭ׿˫ĿԲƷӿʱǿ׺ͥɫ˲䣬׺ֱͥӺߵ׿ʲôˣǿ׼ңֲֺڤåţ
åΪԸҪСӾȥѹѣҲ׿ŭ
ǿ׼ǹ
׺ͥ۾һģҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣ׿ϵҪٸҶ˵һ֣Ų㣿
ң
׺ͥһ֣ĸ±ǰһɫơ
ƾĸ
׿мһƲ죬Ҫ׼ֱӶ֮ʣ׷ȴǽһסæ׸磬˵Щʲô׺ͥҪǸﶯ֣׶Ź㣡㻹ҹȥ
㣬ǡ
׺ͥı棬˵Ǽ˱׿Ϳ׷ӭ˽ȥҪһͨӿĿÿ׷֪ǼεĿ׼Ҽ
ȴû뵽˺֮׺ͥǰ׿һ٣Ȼ׿вƫƫμ֮ǰʱ䣬ҪڸǰֵúһЩ֮λ»ȡ
Сã㿴ʲôɷ򣡺ߣҲһʶ֮Ǿ͸ҹСߣ
˵ţ׺ͥк˿һ˳ȥ
ɺȻȴǴһ飬˲һ£ǡǡĵĽŲԺżһŤ⧲ֱ֮ӵأ׿ЦѣͬЦŵˣʾҪԿ񽣵Ƣ϶ͳȥѾˡ
㣬ǡ
׺ͥŤͷ޺޵ĳ˵һۣڿĲ£ҴҵĳȥƬ̼ѾߵúԶ
׺ͥǶˡ
׺ͥ뿪󣬿׷ǸĳЦЦ˵ֵܣ˼ǸˣҪɣ뿪֮Թȥ
ɩ˵ﻰ
ЦŻص֮Ĺϵõô뿪ҲãҲ뿴쵽׻ʲôΣŶˣղɩӺ׸֪֪ǿ׼ʲôʵ
˵ԪҲ׷ȻǸ⡣
ģ˼ӦԼûеõӦеأһű裬Һ죬˵ĻѾֱӷȥˡ
Ԫ
׷Ļǵı鶼Щ졣
ڳˣ֮⣬СӣԪĻкܴĻʤᣬ˵ڿѾһֻԪǿˡ
ɣԵȣȥСˣȻֵܺ͵úһ˵ţ׷ȥ
Ϊ׼ҵС㣬صлҪԼɴ˿׷ڿ׼֮иûʲôλҪ֪ںڤ׼ׯڣ׷ׯˣ˵ˣǳȥ涼мŮ֮ͬ첻̾һԿ׼ҵӡӽͲ١
ʱƲ˶Ϊ֪ϲã׷׼˺üȡ
׿ƵٱֵܣϸɩӶԲǣⱭƣϸȸΪˣ˵꣬׿֮һǺˬ
׸ˣҪô˵ֵתߣһȻĵ
ãǲ˵ˣǺȾƳԲˣ
룡
׼ƫƧԺУܿһｻռΪңȫûΪ֮ǰ׺ͥӵӰ飬ȴЦѣԪˣնȻһϷ
ˮĿж˽⵽Ī˾ԲöԸ쵹Ҫ׺ͥΪ׼Ҽ˸Ӧԡ
Сã
һʱһŮ洫˽漴һһŮЯһСŮ롣
߽Ů˳׷Ϊǿ׷Ķ㣬Ҳ֮ǰ׺ͥ˵Ѿ޳ȥĶá
ǿɷΪɣǾ벢ݳǴ￪⣬ׯׯʮһ꣬ԪڵʵǼΪˣׯǸҲɴҲ⣬ܲһҪһ㣬ׯ㲻̫Զһ֪ׯĴڣȴ֪ׯȻ׿׷һϵ
ǸСŮСŮΪϧȡ˵Ҫúõϧ֮ĸ飬ν֮ˣ
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СϧҲؽһܿ㽫߷ѾͷϣϾСӣ϶໥עһЩ

º󣬿׷ԽǶһ飬ôɰѾͷÿȫЦݡ
Сϧת˲ҲܿһѾͷеȥȥˣȻʱɺȻ뵽ʲôȵ̧ͷ飬Īֵܺ͵ãǰʱڻԪʢϴͷλ


579 ϲɣԼʼ
𾪣ȴִſϲģ׿Ϳ׷˶һЦɵΪֵܶеԺ
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˵ֵʦħʦȶĵһʦȶӮ켫ʥߵӣħʦȶܵı壬Ѿ½ϴˣûж˲ֵ֪Ĵڣ
˶٣Ťͷȥ޵Ҳ˲ʦͶʦ˫ϵһƳ˰ƷϵܰٻȺʫƵƷ赤ǱƵܶ˶ΪýпǽһΪʥʦĴڣ
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˵ģ׷Ҳֲ⡣

Ӷһۣһ̾ɫԽŤ
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׷һ䣬ɵͷԥһҧʵǶΪǵĴŮ

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һЦǴӿ׺ͥı֪ˣ
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ٶ֮죬֮֮ǰԬڸʤһһٵ˲Ϣ
ڳ˶׼ڶλ˸Ūþһ£гˣȴվԭضҲδ·ɵһڳÿ˶ĿиֳһĨм
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ʱ׶ʻƲЦһ£ҡͷҲȷ׼ҵĻԸһԣ
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׷еı׶һʹϾηԿ׷׿Ľϣ׷Ů飬֮ѪôҲģ
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ʱǿ׶ɫҲÿϾ׺ͥĶӣѡο׼Ҽ׺ͥ˶⣬ֱǿ׼ҵһ裡
˭׶Ī˵ϳˣֺòˣҲǿ׼ҳ֣


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ſ׶ĻΧЩ׼ҵ˶׷Χ˹˷׷ײĿ׺ͥǺ׵ڳ֮˷׷׶ݲ˼Ȥ
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ԺܴСˮǾµСͤӴУҲһСͻ԰ȻĻ㲻󣬵ȴɫͷףϢƣԺиŪŪ
ڻ԰Уһȥֻ߰СŮһɫǰΪǻչЩ΢ҶӣСģ羫һ㣬ǿɰ
СŮɫףû˿Ѫɫֲֶ̬İף˵͸͸ƤԿѪܣһСıʱƿһ
ɺͿĴŮѾʮȴȥϧСʮôһѣ
ְ֣衭
ɵ̧ͷɵĴ۾һĨϲɫ첽˹ȥ
ѽҵСڣ㣬ܣ
ɼ״æ첽ǰһ˵һſᱧڻУԼŮϵЦݣܡ
ȴȻҪִЦݣŮκθ
裬
ɱֳ֮ſ֣æǰСͬţСģ·𻳱鲣һ㡣
һڵܰһۣ鲻Խ֣˵ۡ
壬鰢̣ߵߣЦŵˣ
ã鰢ƯԹԵĽţ
ҲƯأ
סС֣Ԫ룬ʱȴɫһݣȻЦݣȴЩء
̣߰ڸоôʵ

һţþúþöûôˣ鰢̣ܹһֱô𣿡
ȻԣҪŶ
Цŵͷ˵ڰԹ˯һ˯ˣͿԿ쳤󣬺СһˣˣҲһôģ
𣿡ʱ˫ۣϲɫ
ȻŵĻְֺŶЦ
泯ɺͿȥǻɵĴ۾ڴ
һֱɺͿ񶼷׷׵ͷŤͷ˵鰢̣ŶھȥԹ˯
ţȥɣ
ͷ漴һֱ֣ڿ˯˹ȥ
ãǡ
Ȼ֪鲻˺ԼŮɺͿЩǡ
İɣû£
Ц˵úõ˯죬ȡ⼸ʱнϵ⣡
ģ
⻰Ӷʱϲѣֱ֣ĵã˵Ѿϵ⣿ǡǲ赤ͿԽ
ûô򵥣
ҡҡͷ˵㣬ȽŻشϣٺϸ˵
ã
ӦһС뷿нѾ˯Ϊ֪ʲôζ¶ЦݵڴϣΪǺñӺ»صԺ֡
Сͤ£Ȳȴֲ˼ߴٵӣɫصĵҸղΪһ壬ֲǾ⣡û´Ļ֮ǰҵˣӦú˵Сʱ֪ʲô¾ήӰǶ޷󣬶԰ɣ
ԣԣ
ɺԥĵͷĵãѵô𣿡
˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǣ
Źֵ˵һ䣬˵ɺͿˣҲһͷˮ
Ǻǡ
˵ӣЦҲûټأ˵ĴһеĲǶӦӴһ޷ǹ㲻ϵľᣬ¾޷ǿȶòήǷҲΪܵӰ޷

⻰˸ǲ⣬ףҾҹ۲죬ÿ춼ӴԲŻˣ֮ϾĽӴ㲻κֶΣҲȻ𽥻ָֻʱ䷽»ԳһЩ
Ȼ
ɺͿֵ𾪣ôҲ뵽ˡ
˶٣æʵ˵ãղ˵ôڶأ
ڶ赤ˣ
Цŵ赤޸ǿյãЩֻԾˣ߰˵˵ж¡Ȼ赤һãɶ״˵赤ضӴǹ׳󣬺Ǻǡ˵䲻ģ赤ǻΪĴ

ʱ䣬⻰ɺͿӶʱɫ䣬ɸֱվŭѵ˹Ҫֶκҵ
磬𼤶
켱æ£ðѻ˵꣡
ǰŵһа취ģ԰ɣҲ֮˵ϣ
á
Ťͷȥûж˵ֻŨŨڴ
磬ģȻ˵Ҿа취
˵ԥһ£żҪǰæ
Ҫʲôþֱ˵ɺԥӦ
ýţʵҲûʲôģ
ЦЦ˵˵ҵİ취ɣһƳһֵҩǹֵҩԪ
Ԫ
һ£ĪǾϴСȽʱƵĵҩ
ţ
ͷεĵϴεĲʹõĲˣҪ״Ҫʲôʱܱˣ
ЩҲռ˲ٵϣ
ֱ˵ҪʲôҴȥǵؿң
ôģѵͲҽȥһЩ鿪Цĵ
ֻҪܹ½ؿе϶͸Ҳνֱ˵κԥ
ҿûôθڣ
ЦŰڰ֣лʲôľͲ˵ˣ磬㣬ȴȥѡϰɣҪ쿪¯Խ񻯣
ããȥ
ܿ죬ؿУѡԪвϣɵİֱȥһڣϢٿʼȴֱԾܾˣ
ղŶ״в̽Ȼͬ˵ʮ껹޷βŻһ첻ڵԼٵȲʱ䣬Ϊ뵤ʧȥεĻᣬȵʱֻܾĵˣ
һΣһЩ
ɺͿǸмĵӻƴȥʦæ赤Ǽֱѩϼ˪
չ˵һصͷɰŮڿǼһѾķ˯ȥˣĽ


587 ɣԴ
һպҲǵڶİʱ֣еǸƿӵɫ쳣ǵֶЩ
ã⡭Ԫ
ЩǼ¡
Ȼ
ЦŵͷƿϣЦѵ绹ԪƷҩѣѲҵģ
Ʒҩѣ
ɾׯׯҲһȴûκһмʦ˵վǰ˼ʦˡ
Ҫһ㣬ԪȻƷҩƵѶһֵİƷҩ
ãʲô˵ˣллǣ
ɳԺ󣬲ʲôҪֻҪģҪҵСҲں
ˣ
ڱЦЦ˵ǵֶŮô˵ɾͺǼ˰
ǶҵĶˣ
ɫ˵һ䣬æȥԪ£

ɺͿ˵žҪ뿪ƣ鼱æһû˵꣡
ôˣ
ӽŲһ٣Ťͷ飬ɫЩأĪǻʲôѴ
飬ǲǻʲô⣿ʳӵ
⣡
Цҡҡͷʱ˳һֵҩ㣬㣡
˵ţ㽫ƿ˿Уÿ㵵ã㲻˵ֻһôƿӣ
ֵ赤ֵǹ
ЦŽ͵֮ʱϸ룬һѵĽ취
ȸеԪԪܣԱԪ仯ҩԣԽڵǹƳ״̬µʮֵΪվõԵʣᵼڸԼʮִ״̬Ѿή
ô赤Ϊϴ裬ܹõȵԱ㽫Ļָ
赤÷ӵµ˲䣬ٸƳĹܹڱ״̬ͬԼٻָ
˵΢һ٣ûƴĻ£ԻָҽҲἫΪ˳ܹﵽʲôĳ̶ȣҪԼˣ
ƷԪƷ赤Ʒ
ֵҩκһַ涼ؽ󣬶ô׵˳
Ҫǣ˵ɻָɺͿ˵ֱһĺϢæµôЩ⣬ʹÿһ˫жӨỨ
ðúܵҺллˣĲ֪˵ʲôãЩʵĵ
Ǿͱ˵ˣ
ЦŰڰֵɩϽȥõҩɣطȥϢһ£
ԣԣúúϢʲôǾͲˣȥã˵
ţסһҪһҩԣҪżڵû˰̫żΪҩǿҩЧһЩ˺ѵ
Ǽסˣ
ܿ죬ɺͿṩֵҩڵİԺȥصǵĿͷڣʱѾͷҲǱߣݣѾͷǰһģʱһܰĸо

ôһʱȥɺͿǻָһЩȻҲṩֵҩľ޴ãʱȻȻڳ˯ԭ԰ֽСϣȻֳһĨĺΣ֮ǰЩɿݵļʱҲԲ
Ҫһ㣬ͨɺͿϸļ飬ķֵ֣ҩھѾŨ˵±ȫָʱ䶼̫һЩ
˯϶¶˲õЦݣһæµԪģȻƣȴǰδеۣ
Ǻˣͷһ£
ʲô
ģɢĹâԵüΪأƶ˵
ȥ
ڿּӴʱʱȵ˵֮ԻˣǾӴһ£
˼˵ԣʱɫһݡ
Ҳ֪ߣȥֵܺ͵ý飡Բܸǵκλ˵
ã
ʮӺĵӰ䷿ڣɺͿ֮⣬Ȼˡ
֮ǰ㽫鳯˵һ飬ʶעһӼǸϡ
ΪͨǷ̵ڿû˻࿴һۣͨУɢĹâȴ鲻üֹ˵񶼺ôһ˲ʧأǴûгֹ
ãô˵᲻ǹԴʵ
Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷ˼Ƭ̺ʵղʱûע⵽ǹδֱɢΧռУ
ûע⣡
ԶʱЦҡͷֻһİҩЧĸ޷ģ
ҾãӦʮ֮˾ˣ
䣬ڱϳ磬ɩӣҪɷ񣿡
Ȼԣ
ɺԥ˵ֵܣܹ죬»ʲôΣհɣ
û£Ƚȡ
ЦЦֵһʱɶһһǰ
˵Ҳ֣ȡµɲǣĵĹâ㳹ʧ»һӱϿޱͨʵ޻򵥿ȥûκ⣡
磬Ҫʲô
ü˵Ѿȷ˵ԴǼ򵥰
ô
һЦȴδ˵ʵҪҲֻһָоҪ˵ӳîҲ֪
ɣ
Ķһۣ漴˵㣬ټһ״Ŷˣ˳ٺúüķ䣬ϣʲôϡŹֵҺȳȥˣ
õģ鷳ˣ
ͷ鲢߳ȥźһϸϸļûдκһǴ¶ؿһ顭
գûκջ񣡵ȻҲӸӰģ
ǸԴֻɻǿ񣬶֪ʲôʱǴûм
ˣεֵܺ͵ˣ
ȷº߳ϢָɿЦ˵ǵ취úõĸллǣ
ֺγأ
εĵǲûκҪ󣬶ֵܵݣʲôܹǿۣ
磬ؿڵĶֳɣΣɺ˵
⡭
Щ΢漴ȴܿ׵ҲãǣֵǻҪ𣿡
ҪҪʼվ͸ô߰ɣȻطϢһ£Ȼȥǣ
ţ
˵ӰԽԽԶܵһҲ𽥰ֻз˯ȥţϵسķָ


588 ֵؾۣүӵ𾪣
һɺͿǧл뿪ׯķٷȥ
Ĵָж˺ܶϣׯؿջģǲҪģɺͿӵ£ҲòܣܣǲƵġ
ȻҲɺͿǵĸл
ؿѡһЩȴЦ˵ǸѾõĸл˵춼ûнܵ˼Ҳֻˡ
֮ǰȴ˵ҪʲôҪǳ֣;ǽׯƴȥҲȻκζ
ԴˣڴӦڽ˭֪һأ
򣬾Щӵķչ˲٣ҲΪⷽԲǧ֮˲֪˲ĴڣȻ̸ʲô֮ҲЩӣĽΪˣүӶķչοһϸÿ춼żΪõЦݡ
ֵһ˵ı֮еˣ
ٲȻѾΪҾԵʥأֹÿһ֮֮͵ĴڣҪõĹȴΪףҪǶҵľģټܹһЩѫͨүӵϿɷܽѡ
ط磬үϵĸӣȥ֮үԹԴططٲȻΪµĹܼң̵СȽ֮⣬һֱڰүӹ񣬿ν֣طȴʮָо׼ȷ˵Ǻһҵĸо
طĵܣһܣ
һ㣬үѲµ˼ȴδʣȫط統ӿ
գطոָСȽ㿪ʼյļ񣬲ȴ˵ŵŵŵĿ첽˽үүͶٷ˻ˣ
⻰طʱɫһϲæʲôˣĶˣ
ӣ˵ҵĶˣ
⴫طʱ첽ǰݺݵӵһ£ֵδȴ˿衣
塭
ڱϴؽеʱطһѽƿСѾͷݺݵ˼ڡ
ʱط磬֮ǰ˺ܴ𣬻˵ڸһˡ
Ƕȥһ˵
طʾԱߵ˷׷º¡
Ľ£ҲԹԵĽһ壬طЦݸ
˵һôôʱŻүүƽﶼô˵֪˼һֱܹǣط˵һų챧Թ
ⲻæô
豭һڣελ˳·ģүү廹ðɣ
õúܰ
طЦɲ֪үүʵӾˣЩʱڻɣ˼ǲǿҪʥأ
ʥ򡭡
ط⻰鶼һ
ǰүүİ׷ƶ˺ܶ࣬Ȼȥһûκʵͨˣֺγһַ豹ı֣
طɫүүʮһ
ǺǡǵȻҿɵ˼Һú˵˵ˣ
ЦЦͲ²үүô򵥣Ͼû㹻ʵ˼ܹǿͻƱϣԪ½أû㹻ʵΪʥϧе壿
ֻǣүǰ۷ʱ򵽵ʲôʵ첻֪ȴҲЩ󵨵Ĳ²⣡
֪֮ʥǿ߸㲻ʲôֻ˵еƫϣվ۷ʥ֮ϵ
ʥأһһ죡
ʥͻƱ˼ѣȻȴǸ
νأһһ֮ѣܹȵ֮裿
ˣүүأ˵һʵ
үڼеĻ϶ȥ֪ͨǻ飬үӵԸǻ̹Ƕ˵˽ʱĻˣҲûүӰ켸ȷ˵үڼС
ȥϧﰢ̺Ǳˣ
طЦŵ漴ȴһת̾û뵽ȻʥߺͰʥ߶үүϧﰢ̶Դүүǵ׳һ㣡֮ǰүүҽǵʱҶֱӱסˣ
Ǻǡ
⻰쵱ЦЦʵĿƺϧﰢûסǼ
ţ
طͷصǰʱ䣬ϧﰢ̱һɽסרŸ½һԺӣò˶ã̺ͲǾҪˣϾǶʥߣҲ߶ͣǱߵɽҲ飡
үү˵û˵ʲôʱʵ
峿ųȥģӦõҪߵڶŻطص
ǿҵȥ˼ˣ
ЦЦղŷڴ飬ǾȥǱһˣ˵λֱӹȥͺã
ðɣǻֵܲݣ
ǺǡãѵһӲɣ
˵Ц䣬һֺܿ뿪ط˵Ǵɽȥ

һûֵɽ壬Χľ˵̫ãȴҲΪˣǺɽǳƬҰɫͷ׵ģĺ۷䲻Ϸ裬ҲʧΪһĴȥ
ϧͽԺӱ㽨⻨ϣȻһжϧҪģԸΪ䵭ҪЩǱһ֮սҪ࡭

⴦Ժӵ֣
ȻָϧǸеȴͬ˵֣ȫϧ뽣ĺϳơ
ΪϧԵʣүҲǹүʱʱչֳأýүӵ˺ܶĲ²⣬үû˵£Ҳ֪ʡ
̫үү̫үү
ǵִ˴ʱŵŵŵܵүǰСֱүӱСӻֱӳүӵĴѩױ˻׵ĺ룬ϵŽ
үү
ϣ
죬Լ񽣶׷ǰʺãүӵ¶˼ΪõЦݡ
磬ΪϴѾһԵʣټүӵĺͰףһһ֮䵹ҲûκεС
ԱߣϧЦһУȻȴֳͬһĨǣϾѾϧһˣǾ͵ͬļˣûиܵĽڶЩжĲչ֡
ôˣ
үӱǣڱ£Цʵ
Ȼүү
һƨүߣֵүүæ
˵û˿ֱӽǱϵ˳ΪԷһԪγһķֽȫܵǹɹӰ졭
ǡ
үü쳷֣ܵǹɹԼɢĹâ֮ʣȻ𾪵Ĵվֱ㶵Ǹǲ˼顭
켸ȷ˵ǵڶμԼүү𾪵ģһү֪˫֮󣬶ôĵڶΣʶһʱ֮䣬ҲǸ˼ĺ棬֪ʲôܹԼүүʧ̬


589 ϹԪ֮Ԫ
ͬģүӵ𾪾ٶҲԱߵϧͽ˴гԾ佣үһۡ
Դͨϧʶү֮ƽүӱֵĶǺѰͬһܼ򵥵ͷһûʲôܹע⣬ʧ̬ģýүӸӺ档
ȻкĵطүӵʵҪ֪ʥǿ߰Ԫ½ѾǴڶ˵ĴˣΨһȷϵıүӲʥ򣬵ڵʲôʵһ֪
壬ôˣ
ϧ˹ȥü΢ĸоŴɢֿǰĹɵɻ
ǴӺδģ
үûϧǼеĳʵ

һ£ߵ齫ׯ֮еһжһһʮĽ˳ᵽĿ֮ʱһ̾
ˣүȴɫ죬૵û뵽û뵽ȻܹϷֶ֮⵽ǵù
үүô£
˵ϵǱٴ˰ʲôȻܹ𾪣
Ǽ
үӻعʾ콫պãŻԵסκ˶׼

үԲĻشֱЦãǹԹԵͷʾס
үүʲô
ڱϽʵϺ˽⣬ϸϸ˵˵ɣ
ãǶ
үʾ£ʱ²ؼǰĻֻĻڻ࣬˵϶ֳһĨƵЦݡ
ǿ֪ϹʱһλĴڣʥʵȴŲʥǿߵĵλǿ߶ò֣ǱƲѣû˻Ըȥˣ
үӺһڲ裬һ󻺻ԵΪԪ࣬һĶʦͨжıÿһмΪЧħʦӡħһ㣡ֱܹħ໥棬ɲǼһһڶô򵥵飡
Ԫ磬ȴһɷǵ񣡺һǰŮӣɶ״ܲңգԪѡ˹ϣȴԹԹ֮㲻ٽκζ죬±ȫȥ֣ԪͬԥֱԾܾ
оԼԪǰһ꣬ԪȻеĴһΣеԹУһɹɲǣѪУʱذ죬Ϊ֮𺧣
ү˵˶׷׾ĿȴǸԪЩ̾
ˣ΢
һΣԪЩеջ񣬿νޱ󣡶ԪɷǵԹԼȫѪ֮󣬳Ϊ˾˫Ĵڣϣûκһܹȣ
Ԫγ˵ᣬնεȴǵʱǿߣڵжǿҲǵʱվ۷ĳ֣
ն״ܲңȫήѪҺ񶼱ȡһգɵʱǲаλ˺üˣÿһ˶ջڷǲһЩΪ֮Ԫ˽е䣡
ֵʵүүȻˣΪʲô˻ȥأңƺӦûʲô֮ɣ

үӺһڲ裬׵֪ȥãξȻһ˼ˣһһԼһָǸղŴǸ
ڼ֮󣬲ܿ죬ʱѾΪǿߣȻ˲ٵļѣȴûǰЩڷգ֪˭ȻϢ˱׷ɱԱٴγΪ׷Ŀ꣡
ָˣλµ಻а˷׷ֻѣ棬ȷֻнκһܹ໥аӶﵽã
ֻǴԺαѾʧҲû˼Ϸȴû뵽ԪȻᱻѰã
ү̾һ˵İţҲЩΡ
Ԫ
ʵүүղ˵һΣͽָʲô
ԪָԪ
ͬɻɫУүӻһΪԪԪԪԼԪܹ죬һֱҪƵģ

˾õеԪԭΪǼöȴû뵽൱һƷ
ү˵ûõԪָ;Ԫ֮ǰ˸á
ȻЩʧôˣôȻأϧü΢ĵ壬˵᲻Ϊ˵Ǹׯǵ汲ӵԪȥ֮Ϻ˴
ܣ
үӲ÷˵һȴҡͷûô򵥣ׯׯ֮ͬ𾪣ķ˵Ǵûģ
ǡˣ
ϧﵹҲûлĻֻԪγֵ̫֡
ֻ֪һѪȷ籩ˡ
ס
үȻⶫ˲֮ûҵ˵Ԫָ;Ԫ֮ǰǧҪҪóҲһҪԪúñԼмǣ
үүģף
صͷүү˵˹ԪεһУͬǾ裡Ȼ̫ʲôԹ֮вޡ
ˣλòֻΪҿԪɣүʵ
Ȼǣ
Цҡͷֻһɺ϶ѣҪǻ˳Ҫһϧﰢ̻вĽ̻壡
ʲô˼
˵˾һͷˮ
Цʵ֮ǰѾоͻƵɱչȴʼոоһ㣬һֱһĤţ뾡취޷˳ͻƣ
СӣȻҪͻˡ
үӲһ£Լ̫˰ɣ
ǡаٶȽ֮Ѱ˿һЩŶʮ갡ٴͻƵĻﵽаĵٱ䣬ӶԪĲΣ
ҪԼ
үӵ˵ҿԽҵһЩ͸㣬ҪԼȥúÿһ˵ͬͬһڲͬҲƫֻ֮ԼֻһЩССĸã
ǰ
ϧҲ֮׵ĵ֮;ںЩʱʵѾˣȱһ򣬻ֻԭ̤пܻΪˣ
˵ǿԽһЩ̸㣬ҪıǴǵľԼĶһ˿˵ɹͻƣ
үүϧĻױʾסʱǰʥ߽ȴڱ˵ҹֶҲڽ뾡ͻƵĻҵǿƼһĵط


590 ڣ֮˵ܰʱ
У
ڽ֮ʱû˵ϧʱվ˫ֲĵ۳Ҹ㣬ҵȥǸط
˫ֲüһø
Цϧôǹطأɱˣ㶼ȥģ
ǣȥ
ϧüëһҵԪڵʱȥ棬ȥҸ㽣⣡򡭡򡭡
˵˺ü򡯣ϧﻹĲ֪ô˵һʱ˵㲮ģǹطΣյý飬ôɰŮǧȥ

ʾЦϧﰢ̣ȥҲ֪ܵʲôطɣҡ
˵쳯ЦѵĽһۣɫŲǲẦҵģȻô˵϶Լɣ
ϧֶ˽Ұ
̸֮ͣϧŤͷһε£ӣ춪һ޿κε
һ°ѵİʥߣȻһͨɷƵģ˾ԵİҶ䣬ֱ쿴ĿЦã˵ϧ̷зأ˵һĸϻ
ϧȰһ£
үӺȻüڵ˵ǸطĪָɽеĽڣ
Ŷ
үӵĻȴ΢΢һ壬Ҳ֪ڣ
ڣ
һۣɻ󣬡ڣǸĵط
ϧﰢ֮ԼүүЩɫ䣬ϧֱԷ񶨣үȴԵЩԥһ˫ƻǵ˸âԾ
ڣɽһĴ֮أ
ǵɻУүӻ˵˼壬ڣͬҲὣ֮˵ڣÿһɽҪ̳дУҪУܹŴҵõеϿɣܹʽΪɽˣ
˵үӶ˶٣˵Ī̳ɽЩðɣ
Ǻǣʲôõģ
Ц˵ɽһһڳϧ֮κˣֶӣҲҺϧֶܹõڣеϿɣҲʧΪһ£
˵Ĳ˼
үҡҡͷںϧѾһˣɽĴӦϧĺϣ
˶٣үԥһ£ʲôƵģ˵Ҳᣡǲܼ̳ɽһĴеģ
Ŷ
ү˵Ҳûж룬ʵǺ⣿ĪֶĽʲô⣿
Ҳָ֪о
үҡҡͷֵ֮ȴ˵뽣ڣҲһҪȥ̳ɽĴаɣĻȥһ˵Ҳ޷пѰͻƵ
壬ôҲ
ϧԶʱЩˣҪ֪һֱǽ缺ȥգβģ
ϧзִ磡
ϧ˵꣬үӱЦŵô׳µģ˵ʵټӵеһЩƣȥһҲһɣ
ҲҪȥ
ʱ񽣺Ȼĵؽʱһ˫֮Ѱ˴˲ٵ۾ɢâڣżǿƵġ
Ҳȥ
Ҳ֮˵νķ򳪸ֱ˰ɡ
ϧĽ̬У뽣ڣһΣأ֪ͰˣڱһԸ⿴Լȥأ
ͬͬѨǺεİ⣡
ǡ
ҪܾϾڣȻûȥɴλĽ̸жһЩΣգôԸͿ񽣸ȥأ
û˵꣬үӱֱӵͷãһߣǴӽڣٽߣ
үү
켱ˣүȴڰֵ˵úϢգ㾫񣬱ǰȥɽ
ðɣ
ȻЩүӵļᶨɫȴɣ˵˼ҲԵ޹ʵ飬п϶Щ֪Ķ
Ǿˣ
ϧֵɫУЦһ£漴ɫѾˣһ֮ǽڣõĿʱ䣡ǵʱһȥ壬ϧҪҪһ𣿡
Ҿˣ
үӰڰ֣ߵܶ࣬ϧһȥɣãϧҲӦúܾûȥɽˣ
ϧЦеĵͷһֻСȴѾ쵽˽䣬˿ĽǶȣݺڽһ£ԱʾĲ
ȴ˿ֻܿЦǿнܡ

һʱ䣬춼϶ɹ֪ͨһҪȥɽϢǻȥѧԺ֮úרĵСȽǵ棬ȻȻҲС
ڼ䣬ΪϧߵԵʣΪͽҲԹһˣ֮ĻнѣʱŮĿⶼЩԹʱڹãֱηŮ绢ģϽΣϴձ뿪ˡ
ѾʾĲϽãȴһֱûκ̫뷨֮йһЩ컹ѵӣȴ໥ĸ޹ء
ĵˣǻĻһ𣬵Բڣ
ְְ֣֣Ҳһȥ
Ҳȥ粻͸ɰָֿ
תյܰʱѹվҪǰȥɽˣԭӦĺúõѾͷȴһһҵĻĸ첲
ΨСȽӣЩĽѾͷɫЩӵġ
ȻǵĹϵܺҲ׽ȴʼ޷ȣ˵ѾͷӵĲˡ
У
κǼᶨҡͷɫˣԹԵȰְ֣ȻĻְ־Ͳϲˣ
ﲻ
С죬۾ˮٲӦ޳Ƶġ
ҪǷǰ»ԥֱӦ£һβͬҸо˴ɽ֮кΣգҪСӸţضͬΣվأ뿴鷢
ְ֣˼Ҳ
춼ĵĲͬ⣬Ķ˶ţת˹ȥ裬ְ۸˼ң
裬ҺҲȥҲתͶĻٴ
һΣҲͬûɿڣѾͷҲֻܱӦȴ˵ˣһҪǾԼ͵͵ȥ
Ҫ֪ԸʱһĻСӻ˵óõ
ϽӦ£˲ٵĳŵһһʱСӿƳļȣҹѾͷ˯ȥ΢һЩ


591 ִɽĴ
ɽλڻԪ½ݣΪ֪ǰʥסĵطʶΪ˲Ŀеʥأ
ɽȻشΪƫƧĵطԲ֮ڶǽûеõ£ԪǿҲ룬ɼڰ֮⣬ҲʱʱĻкܶĽε
ЩΪһðʥߵķɣһȴΪ˰ʦ
ûǰʦ
ܶ˶֪ɽһʥֱûͽܹʥ߿Ϊͽܣһ죬¾㲻ֻҪŰʥ֮ͽţڣԪ½Ҳ˸ǡ
ɽĹǰ֮ڲˣ֮ûȥܣʶı⣬ȴȫγֲһ״
ټ֮ɽħҲ٣ͬʱҲܹ໥Ӷħ޽һɱ¾ȡħҲһʽɡ
գɽɽУȻһǿҰ׹ӵ渡֣һӿΧǿĿռ䲨ӿ֣űӰ˳
ˣǰʥ߽ʥϧԼ죬Ϳˡ
ɽ
Ӵ߳˲䣬оһǿĽ·˴ޱ߽ĺ֮Уĵһ˵ķ֮С
˴ɽˣ
ЦŵͷԺһʱ䣬˾סûˣһֻܿԼȻʲôҪʵĻҲԹһǵϧﰢ̣סһ֮ǽ뽣ڣӣ
Ҫһ°
Ļһ£֮ǰ˵һ֮ǽڣô

ͷصڣĿǵĽ벢û̫Ĺϵڣÿʮ꿪һΣÿοضޱǿĽӿȻûʲôоһбܵ򽣴İʹ࣡˵һ£ǻڣǵʵֻǸʱǿ֣
Ŷ֪ˣ
ԹԵͷΪǺãһܸм
Ȼûϧλϧﰢ̵ĻʸûС
ৡ
ʱֻĵƿ֮ٴĸշ
ϳԵĽÿһ˵ɫʮͬǰĽһ·ǷǺܶǮƵġ
μˣ
һ֣ʱȥɫ֡
ţɣ
̧̧֣漴ָǵĸǰҲˣ
μĸ
˺ԥĳϥ£ɫͬû˿
ضλ𣡡Цŵͷʮ겻ǵΪҲչ٣Ԫˣ
лĸ
˹Ӧһ漴վţû˿ԡ
λǡ
ֽ֮ǽһ飬˷ֱƺΪ٣С㣬񽣣ͨĳƺĸ˵ȴû˿飬·ıƵģ
Ƕ°ɣ
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߰ɣȴȥסĵط
˵һ㵱ǰȥ
˽󣬲ʱɽ۵һСԺУװ޼Ϊӣ˵Ǽ򵥣˴֮⣬κЩûС
Ȼ˵ЩƷ
ֶǾסһʱ䣬úõϤһΧ
˵֮ǰ˵һжҪԼħ޵Ļɽ֮طУ
⣬ɽɽҲǸղ֮ûǧҪȥнػһ󷨣ǵʵɣ
ˣϧ߰ɣ
˵ţ㳯ȥϧȴǳ˵ǲԸˣúôţһºټ
ţ
ͷŽϧЯ뿪Ӱ㿪ʼΧԺȻ̸ϲƣҪסһ£ȴЩ
ǲ֮֮һ֮ӵǡ

أ
һͷļħޱֱӶѪ쭳˳ֽħȡε飬񽣣ҺȻһ⣡
ôˣ
һ£ЦȻԣȴûеϰ
罣˵һжҪԼѵǾֻǽ⿾ԣ
ȻһֱĴָжտĵϣ֮ǰΪƵЩȣĵ϶ȫˣΪɽ߲õҲûȥ档
񣬿űԼɱͷļħޣֱЩЦá
ȻëѪûһζ⣬ϰʳ϶ǳԲȥģ˵λεεĽ˶ˡ
үУ
񽣴˹ЦΪССҲ׼˲ٵĵϣٺ١кܶƣͲµ߿϶оƵģ찳ȥ˺ö࣡
ֲȥôãԭȥȥˣ
Զʱһϲߴٵǻʲô׼տЩӦǽһٳԵˣ
ϣ
ǰߵĿ񽣣һȻϤĲϤˡ
ܿһҲͷļħɾʼտϿ
ӿùϺƣʱʱĳǿȥʱһŨÿһݺݵ˼ڿˮ˿ûһʲӵľӷȡ
үжðĶӶˣʵ
ٵһ
춪һûİۣ˵ѵ治ͳˣѾģòѧųɣ
ٺ١ⲻǶ𣿡
һЦעǿϣȻںĵЦ
ֹȥʮӣѿⷭתȦһƺŨ˲伱ͣΧռ䶼ڴʱһձ֮
ˣ飬㣡
ЦŽȡ£ֽǿϽΪ۵Ĳָ͵кָԼһЩŽʣµпȫ񽣶˹ȥ
һԵöܶ࣬ĶӾ޵׶һÿ濾ʱ򣬿ҪԽ֮
ͷħ޵Ҳ٣ҲԼ˳Բ
үٷˣȾƣ
˦ǰһſ⣬һžƺôڴڵĳ˿ǲ¡


592 ͵ŷȻ
о⣬ζȻ˺ܣʱҲŮ̬С첻ϵĿϣкܶĿĸڣʱʱһƣ˵жˣ
ʱɽԲ֮⣬һ֪Ľ޴ȴиŶʮӲΧ˵Ȱ裬ֱ̤֮ڵķΧ
үĲܽȥ
Ҫð֪ˣǼɶܳͷˣ
ðĽȥ϶ðʮֲģ
˲Ͽţȴû˿⣬͵İֵǷүҲȥ˵ˣ˭涨ĲܽȥﷶΧҿǰʥߴҲûֱ˵ɣЩЩ˵ҥѣŵĻүҽʹһ⣡
ү
˼״ֱ֪˵ʲôˡΧ쵽˿ϷֻܸԼͣ첽ǿеλү
ΪȻڷҵĶүСȫһ竡
֣ŷҵ캦顣
ʮˣʵȴк龳أγΪѰͻû뵽ȴ˽⵽ʥߵ󣬱Ҫҵʥ߰Ϊʦ
һʦɹ񲻾һ죬ʱ˵ˣҲ˸ǡ
һΪõķȻȫûʥ߻񲻹ܲˣֱӴ˽ķΧѴõɽȥ
һ·ϣܵķ羰Ȼ˿̵Ҳмѹӵģֻ˵ĲȰ˵ȴΪͣſΣջҪ˳֣ԷȻԸѾŪˡ
һǰڣڣȻǶֵĻҲκεķ
๾࡭
˴ʮӣȻĶˣʱֵѳԵóȻŪƣүҶˣ
ү⡭ûˣ
Ǹǰ֮˿Ц˰֮ǰ·ʱѾеĴˣҲˣϾֻʣһǧƽˣûطȥ򣡡
ʲôһ㶼ûˣ
ȻԶʱ۾һɣôܣ
£ȻһƵˣû˦ֵûûˣǸϽȥңҪǶңôʰǣ
ǣүﲻط˵ΣذҪǶ뿪ˣİȫô죿

Ŵ˻ȻʱЩĬȻȻ竣ȴǱ
Ǻ쾳ʵһʲôΣշʱ䶼ûУ
ǰǶʱ䣬˵ıλҶү綼ѾΪһʬˡ
˵ô죿
ȻʵҸǣ˵үߣүҪǰݲʦǶǣ
ȼǰߣȻ󿴿ܲʲôħޣնɱ˿԰ɣֻǡ
˵ﲻԥһ£漴ڷȻĵмֻүûеϣֻܿ죬ζûжã
˵үҡףŵûУ
Ȼ۸ҪʱȴȻ⶯һǳǳ;໥ںƮ˹÷ȻʱӸˣĭ˲١
㰡⸽϶ˣ
Ȼ˵˵û˸ҽô£ŸʲôȥңҪʮ֮ڼЩ;ƣ
ӷƮжϣӦߣүǹȥɣ
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ܿ죬Ȼһ˱ǵϣһ߳Կ⣬һߺƵģȻЩۺˣֱӿ˳ŵ˵ү׼ƣҪһ㣬ү֮أ
Ϊһ㿾;Ʊڿ˵ҪɱˣȻҲǸˡ
ȻȴɨһۣԹԵĺȾ죬˿ûнĻϣ񽣸Ǹɴ࣬ûȻ·ʱоֻпһ
㣬ǡ
Ȼӵ̬ŪûðɣʱŤͷ㶯ְǸүץסǵȣ˫ֻҪү׼⣡
ǣ
˿Цһ£˵˵Ҳ֮˰ɣȻһʹȻûǸҶүݣǲŵİ׳ˣ
ֵܹطĳȾƵģѰôȻȻô
ȿȡλˣ
ߵǰǸǰ֮˹ֵжĿƣЩɣǿģ⣬ҼҶүĻλϣʵûʲôģ
ûУϽ
ɨһۼˣĵǵǺôĵӣȻ͵͵ܵѵͲ±˷֣Ѱ·𣿡

Ļ˶һۣɫЩءȻǸǰ֮˳ʲôˣĪйϵ
ʲôˣòŹܣҪ˵Ҳǻᣬ뿪ܳܵ˵ģĵƽȴҲ̺һ˿ɱ
ǿ˻òĻǷȻղôŵĻ㹻ֱӳֽնɱ
һ龳Ҳţǻòͷˣ
ǻںǷʲô
ǷȻں㶯֣ѵɣ
ˡ
⻰ʱ˫һУɭĺâʱȻȥʱ÷Ȼͬ˹һ̬ʱޱߵĿ־壬˺üһֱֵһôſס˿̵󱳾亹ﾪ֡
¡
ǰ֮ɫ˲䣬æͷȻм䣬ԷңλҼҶүȻ˴ζүѰͻ˴¶£ʵǶܲסˣ·ֳʳҵȸм
˵ˣûУ
ĵ˻ôģҪԵΧħޣѵҪǶָǿƲɣ
Сӣ֪֪үҵ˭
ȻʱҲָһЩݣһֱû˸ǵľ첽ߵǰŭСӣүҲҪʳҪŮˣ
˵һ飿
ԣ˫΢УǷһĨаЦ
ү˱ȻľٶŻˣæǰҪ
Ȼȴһƿָ˵Сӣˣү˵ҪʳŮˣ
ҪҵŮˣǺǡ
ЦˣЦúǱ䣬ðٺþûֻˣ񽣰ҪҵŮˣ˵ô죿
ɱ
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үСģ
ҵ˼״ʱȴǷȻڿ񽣵´գۼ㱻ȵ÷˳ȥײڲԶһôϣǵôһȻ˸ֱӿѪʹѣڿȴȻ̤ĳȻȥƺŪ㲻ͣһ


593 һ

Ƿ˼״ʱ˷Ȼǰֱ治߹Ŀ񽣣˵飡
ÿȻһŪǣ
ûĻУǲͣµģĸһ˵죬ʵǿǸǰ֮ˣڿҲ߲һغϣ
ҪɱǶүǾɱǣ
˵ҲģȻЩ־壬ԿȴȻûһ֮⡣
ڱҲԵͷ˵ĵȷ
ֻǣĻ˵ֻ˵Ұɡ
񽣣Ȼɣ
ĿڣµǸˣ޹أ
ǣٷˣ
Ӧһٿͷʾ⣬ŹԹԵص֮ǰĵطٴδڵĽȫûнǼ˷ϡ
лλ飡
ӵʱ鹰ֵ֮ǰҼүĴҵٴλˣ
Դˮˣ
ǷȻȴƫƫ飬΢ָһЩ󣬱ͦһŲ԰׵Ϲ˲ɣûұǼһ𣿻аﲻʲӵĽǸﶯ֣ǲүδʦӣδʦˣүôʰǣ

ȻĻ˿ЦãЦ֡
Ȼ˵ȷп͵͵ģֺγأ
УʲôδʦǲǶүԸѣƢԼʮ˻Ǻ龳صʵ˵ʥߴˣ¾һҲԸΪͽɣ
治֪ǻֵز
⻰˼δʦ˲ˣüëһЦЦȻǳ
ǣȿȡ
ȻͦؿڣΪ֮ǰһ£˼żСӣҸ㣬үδʦɽˣʥߣô˰ɣ
һ⻰һۣɫŹ֡
ʲôʱôһδͽܣ
ⲻ˵Цô⣿
Сӣ֪ǿ϶͵͵ģ
Ȼ˵ı飬Ϊˣָ֮ǰֺģŵ˵үĻȱүδʦ԰˵˵ûʦҲ˵Ļ񲻾һ죬Ҳû˸ǣ
ǰ׳𣿡
ŷȻǺѾ˰ʥΪʦӣ첻Цã֮ǰһɱ⣬ȴȫת˳ŷȻڿһƵġ
ʲôڴ˳֣
ʱһٶһϮټݣ·ɽһ㣬һֱİȻ
ˣĴ֮һ콣
콣ĵ÷ȻǼ˶ʱɫ䣬ȻûļĴ̣Ҳ˽һЩ
Ĵ̴£ֱɫɫɫԼɫ·Ĵ֮ȴ԰콣ʵǿ
ʦʦͽμʦ
Ȼ콣ɲǣµɫ䣬ȴһԶĳ嵽콣ǰɷ˵ı˿ͷ
ӣ˽ˣ»Ϊʦͽδأ

콣һںȳֱһŷڷȻϣһһοѪĵɶ׹֮ȻԾûлԣվɥʦңҿҪΪʦ
һĻ˫΢У
֮ǰ񽣵ĳȻûþȫȴҲԿһ죬ֱ֮ӱȻȴֻһѪֺܿĻָ
콣ĳţķֵԪ֮ҲضˣɷȻһȻֻһѪܿվƺһСǿƵġ
һûô򵥰
ȤҪȻʿúüĳ嶯
ʱ콣ȴüͷһ壬ϽӿҪȻ˳ɱҴɽ֮ڵ˶
үСģ
˸оǰδеΣæ˲ԼȻ󣬿ͬԴˮһķȻȴҪܵǰﲻϵؽʦԵüΪŹ֣̲סЦ˳

콣˫һУɱ
콣
ȻʱȴǺĳ콣һͣŤͷ˹ȥ
֪Ǽ뽣ڣˣпܳΪˣĻ콣ȻҲ
콣
ʱ콣ֵķˣȻڶɫٴδ䡣
콣Ĵ֮ǿһû뵽¼档
ǷȻȴ첻ѣԭʦǵģһͷأУôˣ
˵䣬Ȼű˲ע⣬һ˳˵콣ǰɣ㶼δʦǸϽѸղҿĵͷңȻҪÿ
죡
⻰æǳһ䣬ҲæסȻ콫ȥǿĿҲž
ܹ콣˸࣬쾹Ȼһɴ˿춨ȻʥźĹϵпʦͽֲǸĿȾơ
٣Ϊ˵飿콣Ŀڣκθ顣
˵飡
ں콣̬ȣЦЦһҪߴһʱ䣬ҲЩģ˵ˣҲ׼Եģܲÿζɣ
ٵ˼ǡ콣üͷһ壬û뿪ɽʵڲк塣
ܼ򵥣Ҫˣҿ⣡
ָŷȻ˵Ȼұ֤Ҳֻ⸽̤ɽ벽ҲκӰ죡
⡭
Ļ콣ʱЩԥ
ǷȻȴǽСӣ㾹Ȼñү㵱ˣϹ˲ɣҿǷҶүң
£Ҳ̫һЩɣҲɫЩѿĵ
ʸ˵Щô
ɨһۣѡһɣ
ϻ˭Ȼֱӵ
ǲ͵ˣ
ʼ磬ģ͸Ұĵĵһˣֵúã˵ҿͻƣ
ƨΪͻƾˮүҲŲĵȻԥĵ
ȥɣٴʼ磬ں
ҡ㣬Сӣ㣬㾹Ȼвү
Ҿв㣬Σ
㣬ҡ
Ȼ׼˵ʲô콣ʱȴǽ˲ӣǷȻʱӣҲҶ졣
٣ҲӦ
콣ԥ˷ԸģҴӦ㣬Ҫ
Ǳģұ֤û⣡ؿ˵
ǺãȻô˵Ǿôɣ
콣ԥһ£׵ô˸δã
߰ɣǵҲ㲻ǻȥţ
ڷЩ־̬Уİڰֵȥ֮󣬽˴һи֪ңҲĻң
⡭
ӵһȴֺԥĿȻѵҪԼҶүȥ˵ƾʹ


594 ˷Ȼ
ǡѡ£콣εĽɱУȻֻܵǸ߰ͷʾԸߵһµˣڷҵ뿪
أӦǸϻطȥˣڵ׷ҵ˸Ҳߣһ˵
٣Ȼˣȥ˺ĸ콣ɨһ۷Ȼ칰ֵ
ţȥɣ
ͷϾɽôҲܽȻԽ
콣תˣǷȻһûֶİĽѹ֣Ǹմӵһһ㣬ʪ͸ˡ
㣬ɲԸһԵģȻЩĳʵ
ûأʲôݣýʲô۳
㡭
Ȼʱɴ˫ۣЦЦУǵͷĽһү
Ȼɫѿ÷Ҷүܵ˶Դ
ˣôôŤ
ĶһۣԺͽ磡СȻӰҿҪ㣬Сžø򣬾ӵˣҲȲ㣬֪ô
֪ˣ磡
ȻǺܲɴŰݰʥΪʦ뷨
ֻǣƱòʱʾ
ţİʦɹʱضὫһжȫһ
ž
һֱͷϣߵòҪ̫࣡ղûôҿǳƺʥΪСҪٸʲô뷨СҰƤ

ƺʱ򣬷ȻŻعϷʵ񣬸΢֡
ԺͷתȻæչȥһ֮ǰĲЦ˵ЦˣСô뷨ʲôԺүŶСҾʵСܣʲôֻۻľСɣ
̬㲻ȥ԰ɣ
ĵͷֽʣµĿӵ˷ȻϣͬʱҲһľƺ˹ȥһһлæڴڵĳֿζһϲ쳣Եͣȫ֮ǰеĲ춼׵һ㡣

ɽϣݾӵļԺ⡣
ָԺ˵СȻӣҺɩӣ񽣴סеط˯ĻǾȥԼľݰɣ
ҪԼľݰ
ĻȻʱɫһ塣
ôѵΪԵΪϯҲԣҪˣһҪϳʲôħޣСǺ龳ʵһͻΪħйķˣ
ʼ磬ûǷȻѿɫǣк˿һֱӽԺУȻŽȥɿȴֱӽһأţ۵Сӣûү˵Ļĵط

ǰرյķţʱǶҪˡ
㣬۸ˣ
ȻɥءҼסˣ
֨ѽ
ԺŴ򿪣ڷȻħЦٴγ֣аЦСӣ˵ʲô
ûûʲôҡ˵ҼסĺãԺСһᱨģȻһæЦ
ߺߣϣ
ߵˣղǸ㣬ֻаʱ䣬ҹĻ֮ǰҪľݣȻȥɱһͷħ޹ϵɾҪˣ

Ȼɫˣİ˰
ȴûи˵ʲôʱ䣬ֱٴνԺŹϡ
㡭Ǻݣ
ȻݺݵسԺӵһۣΧ󣬺ǿƵĳŲԶȥʼĽľ֮á
ԺУ쵹һȲ裬ڿһϲȲ裬ûȥܡ
磬Ǽһ϶ɣ
Ų豭ü΢ĵ˲Ǻˣƽ϶ҲŷҵƺΪʲôطֵ˿أ
Ҳ˵
ҡҡͷ鰡㲻úܲѰôԷߵҪһ˽Բʲô⣡Ǽһ龳֮ãûʲôԭôһֱûͻƣ
һںúù۲۲죿ʵ
ţ
ͷЦŵУʵ֮ǰеıֶǹģʱ˵ҪҵŮˣҲʱȻһܼɫӣȴע⵽Щ侲ͬЩӵܣ
˶٣ߣǷ˵ıҲЩ֣ңôһүͷ֮ʱҲǰıʾģԣһСȻӲ򵥣٣ҿȣ
ĻıҲ΢ȻһЩ
ǲôˣ
̾ôôɣϣһڻǴһЩϲ
Ļ洫һҵĿ֮лŷȻЩаЦ
ʳָ˵棬쳯ںȾƵĿ˵񽣣ȥпǼһһ㣡ľݾͲعˣľݣȥɱħ޵ʱʲôΣգڰг־һȣֻҪܹǣ
֪ˣ
ķԸ񽣺ԥĵͷؿڵүģһúõĿǼһ
ţȥɣ
ͷڿ뿪󣬱㲻Ŷݵķ̾һ󣬡磬̾ʲôѵ߲ϰߣ
νѣʼղԼĹѣ
̾ԭΪ಻ʱ䣬û뵽Ҫһ²ܽ뽣ڣһСӱ֤ȥ⻹оݺؼҵˡ
ݺؼҡ
Զʱ˫΢УôҲǣʦĪˮΪݺؼҵɣڶݳǵóڽ飬ʦﶼѾˡ
ڲô
кâ˸ĵȽڣ֮ȥһ˺ؼң㲻ܸʦﱨҲҪúؼҵһЩʵڲУ󷨺ҵĶֱӰѺؼȫˣ

⻰ע⵽ǺεɱʱЦС椣ɲҪ֮ǰͷǼʥ߶һȥˣʦﻹ˶飡ˣܹʲôã
ѵǾͰôһˣ鲻
˭˵ģ
һĨаЦ˵ؼҵٳ֮ǰѾˣȽڣ֮˵ұ֤һؼһʹĽѵ
ģ۾һ
Ȼʲôʱƭ㣿
̫ˣ˺ؼңǺúõʹһҲû
ˣȻطȥϢϢɣȥһϧﰢ̺ǣ
ޣ
鵹Ҳûٶ˵ʲôԹԵؽûκαĴϣɿĳȥɸ뿪Ժ֮ʱȴЩεͣ
Ȼɽȴ֪λںδôȥң
ҲԴˮˣ
ЦѵԼͷŤͷ³Ժȥʱİ콣һ˹ƽĵ٣룡


595 ߵķȻ
ϧʱѾ¶˸ΪõЦݣں䤱ľķȻҲϷаЦ
ʵڷȻǽɽﷶΧʱ򣬽Ѿ֪ˣ˵ͷȻһ֮䷢κһ鶼֪˵ÿһɽ˵֮֮ڵһУһֻ۷ɹҲܹһʱ˽⡭
ȻҲҪûǸȤˡ
ս˵ȻȷǱȽ⣬첻ֽ£ҲҸںúù۲һʱգ֮ܶһ仰ĳýʡȥһЩ飬ʶڽĽ£Ȼȫ찲Ŵá
ԴڴӦҲ˳һЩڽڣ飬ɽȴδ˵ֻ˵쾲֪ͨһ±ܹ˽뽣ڣȻ뽣ڣ֮İȫǾֻܿԼˡ
أ
أ
һŽһŵĴڷȻҧг½£뽨һľȴûô򵥣ҪЩľĽиεļӹֻľĲûоռôӲｨһľҲҪӼһЩ
ھռУǻû֮ǰһľ㻨˺üʱ䣬һ֮ǰŪ꣬ľʲôӰ֮ǾҪȻԼŬͽˡ
ǻ첻ˣʱȥľǿˣȻרŸԼһŴһΣΰ֮ģȥ
˰ɣ
˹ɨһۺ䤱ķȻޱĵڣȥɽŪһֻħסҲҪħޣ

ĻȻʱŴ죬ı벻Ը
ʲô
۳ôڿҵˣѵҵĻҲҲСȻӣǲƤˣ
˵䣬Ҫ򣬷Ȼʱһæ磬ңҲǸ˼ôɱ˶ħޣ˵ˣɱһħ޲Ҳһ
ƨһħ޺Ͷħһ𣿡
Ҹ㣬ҪĻͱ£Ȼ춼ûԣ
ҡȥ
ͷ˼䣬Ҫ˰񣬷ȻæŤͷɽȥһ·ϲϵֹ˦˦ֱۣŲʱľݽ죬λҶү಻ѣƫƫûκϢʱ䣬Ҫȥնɱһͷħޣ
ȫʢ״̬һͷħҲּѣ˵ѾЩƣˡ
ɽУ̤һЩϵĿ֦ҶȻǲҷȻõķҶүҪ÷Ҫ꣬ʲôʱô۸
ߣ磿ҿǹĥүҵģҪץᣬȻүһҪÿ
Ұ׼ûŶүȳԹˣȻȥ˵ûħ޵Ӱӣ
ĥүңүһأߣ
ˡ
뵽ȻȻ۾һæŤͷܿٵɨһۣٺЦûˣүҾҲûֻ֪Ҫ뿪ط㻹ץסңΣ
ԽԽúпԣȻʱ˷ܼһ㣬ѡһ㼱ٶУҪûֵʱɽ֮⣬ĻֻҪûٴν룬Ҫ׷Ҳ϶ˡ
뵽һ㣬Ȼֻȫ»ˣٴһȷû˸ٺ̱˷ܲѵĳǰȥڲģֻҪ뿪үܾ۸ĵطͺã
ɷȻȴ֪ڲԶȴһߺƣһҡҡλεĸ棬˵ÿ񽣰жţԿ񽣵ʵص£ȻᱻȻһ﷢ˡ
ʮʮʮ
ȻˣΪоԼӳȥɢҲԽԽСֻͷؽᣬȫƾĵ׵һִǰУһһŲûκͣ»ͷ˼
𡭡
ʱһŭһͷϻ˳Ĵͷ£һ˫ͭ۾ŷȻǿһζƵġ
ѽħ޻ƻ
Ȼʱӣǰ˼æȥһ˻һ߻֣磬Ҫҵⲻó԰ǧҵ⣬
ﻹûȫ˵꣬ΪȻֵľٶ̼ͷƻһǿȻŵأֱӳŷȻλüȥٶȼ졭

ȻŤͷܣŵƣܵвȫȻʧ˫Ȳ֪ĶӿһʱķٱȥٶȾǱ֮Ѱ֮˻Ҫ˲١
ƻҲǽ׷ᣬò׿һͣôῴܵ
˷Ȼǰܣƻں׷һңڰУһֱƺǺ¶һĨЦݣڳĻȻ֣ᷢЦݾϰаЦһ޶
𡭡
ƻԽԽȻ·ŵӻƻɢѪȣֿ־壬ʮӣȻһ˿ҲˣշһôϴûֱŻ³
𡭡
ƻˣھ׿ĵطһԾ㳯ŷȻҧȥ
Ҫ
ģȻһ˺ѷΰĴȣǽƻסˣԾڰоֱ׹һ˫ЩµŷȻ·ҪôС˶ᷢô޴ĺ
磬ҵⲻóԣ㿴ôݣⶼûУͷŹҰɣ
ҪңȥץһЩħ޹ô
㲻ԸⰡҪͳһ첲϶ҲֻһСԳԵʱһЩ𣿡
Ȼϵ˵ţǻƻɴ۵ӣһ˫ֺʮģڼֱߵ˼㣡
ԭΪħצȴû뵽Ϊħ޵ķ㣡
ȻǸްǸ߰
ү˭ܾȾҰ
磬Ķңұ֤Ҳˣ
ȾҰɣ֪ˣ
뻢һס޷ɣע⵽ƻ۾ԽԽŨѪâȻϵغţͲûˮˡ
𡭡
ƻһ۲ȷǰƣоԼܵĻƻʱŭһٴһԾѪڱ㳯ȻܵķȻ˹ȥ
һζͰ

ȻЩ˻ƣʱƣľҲĵ˼㡣
ۿŻƻ˵Լϣһֻǰһڣֱӻ˹ȥû˳ȵĻȻΪͷħ޻ƻĸвˡ
أ
ɾһɲǣһ˶ȭͷǿӿѸײڶ֮ƺݺݵغǻƻͷϣʱߵķһ㵹ɶͷ­ڿ񽣵ȭ±ĩȻѾʧȥ׹ء
һҲ֪ү׿ʲô
һȭɱƻ󣬿񽣲һ䣬漴ֱӽƺźãһץŷȻһûԴĻƻʬ壬ӼȻʧԶ


596 ¶ȹȻͻƣ
һû
ڶ峿ʱ֣Ȼ˫ۣΧȻⲻҽľ𣿰ĪǣǾң
Сӣˣ
񽣴ֵ˽ﻹһЩʳ
ʳ÷ȻӶʱ죬ˮֱ
ʹ
Ҫ𴲵ķȻȴֻûʹ·ÿһͷһûˡ
СӣøȻðŪԵģ
񽣽ʳڴͷ˵ܰҪүð㣬ͷˣСӣںˣû˰ɣ
ǣңȻʹţжһЩԿ񽣵ĸм
ǰǰү
˵ǰүð㣬ˣСüסˣҪٸܵĻҲȥˣ
ˣҲˣ
ȻҡͷЦ񽣴磬ܷܲһѣٲԶҾҪˣ
ðɣ
񽣵ͷǰǴ³ĽȻӴ÷Ȼʱͬ˵һĲҺͷʹ亹Ӷغܲ˺ü¡
԰ɣ
񽣽ϣԹԵ˳ȥ
Ͳһ㰡
񽣵ıӰһڣȻѵľŵǻȴĳеĳ࣬һ˿ҩζ㣬ȴԽ÷ȻвжĻһھܹĳȸһɶ
ף࡭
һڣȻʱһѭ·ϵʹһЩ
ৡ
ţо˺ôķȻҲ˲һڽһڵĲϺ࣬ϵʹҲϼʱֻӿȻϻЩʹȴѾˣ
ˣ
ȻϲҲ㲻٣ҵʵӦÿͻưɣֻǣҪһµʱ䡣ҡ׸ôأ
ȻǱ˵֮ǰٶǹװģȻɫ˼ģ֮ǰŰȫ졣
ڳĻ»̾һĪǵڶ˾ɣ

СȻӣŪˮǺ裬㰡
ϣˣ磬ɩӣã
СȻӣ㵽׻᲻㿾Щ⣬㿴涼û죡
磬ҴˣȥŪ
СȻӣ㡭
硭
תۣǱѾ߰ʱ䣬ڼ佣ϧλֵĴһֻ֣֮ʱҲѵȻȤ÷ȻΪ˲ˮ֮⣬ÿ춼ǼһＱٱһξ룬ȻҲǳֽڵȫ
̶̰ʱ䣬ȻһƵģθߴһЩҲûǰСģҪǣȻϢøƳʵѾ˲СĽչ
ڶԴ֮ʱȻҲһڡ硯һڡɩӡĽţԵüΪǷǷĵǾͲö֪ˡ
Щ֮⣬Ȼÿ컹һαرĹΣǾڳ֮󱻿񽣺һ٣ˣñף㲻ͣ£ʱһĹȥȻİҲԽԽǿ
һʼֻҪʱ䣬ºȴҪʮˣ˵Ȼʵ˶ͻƣҪֻʽĹ£ȻѾܹȻҲһѵɡ
գ죬ԼԺУԺʢȻԱ߲ϷĿ⣬䤱һ˫ȴ֮֮ǰ䡭
磬ҾӦò˰ɣɨһ۷Ȼ
ţˣͻƲˣǼҲûã
˼׺һӣһԪâֱȻڣʱһһڵķӡ׽ֻΧӿƾʲôƵĳӿȥ

ֺȻֵ״÷Ȼ̲סһ쳤Х漴мĳǱһۣɿϥգۼ뵽˹ž޲붨״̬
⡭
״˫΢Уȵ磬㷢ûУ붨״̬ٶȺÿ죬Ǹʱ¶ûô죡
ţ
ͷٴλӳһȻǰϨӰ쵽˴ʱķȻ
ȴûж˵ʲôֻɨһǻעеϣڣҲȥʲô
ʱһһĹȥȻΧγһ޴Ĳϼ뽫ȫԽԾǵͻ֮ʱûֶǰȼҲһ
¹Ȼûа׷ѣӦǿҪͻƳɹˣ
˵ţ漴ȴüֻǣܾڵЩ⣬ҪѰ˵߼һЩô£
Ҳ֪
ҡͷȻйأ
ŹȥʮӣȻΧȫڣԭʼ𽥳ԪתͷҲֳ˺׻ɫ״ȻЩģ壬ȴϸһĻȴȫԺĸܵ
ͻˣͻˣҽʱǳɹˣ
ܵԼڵı仯Ȼϲ֣ʱΧӿȴδŨơ
ֻǣΪȻľ仯ӿʮƮ
ģ
״ʱһȻǰתԪȵͻƣ
ǣ
ȻӦһ̺ԪĺУǿȶ񣬺ܿٴν뵽˹ž޲붨״̬
ʱЩٴλ۵Ȼϳӿ룬ͷֳҲԽʵơ
ǰ֣ʵ۶һ
ֲ֣ͬ
ķȻȴڴӺ龳ͻǰ֮󣬾ֱӳ룬ҿΣͻƲûκ⣡
Щȣͻλһμ
תֹȥ˽һʱΧЩɢ˿̷ȻͷϺ׻ҲʵζѾɹĽ뵽ڣ
л磡
Ȼ˫ۣоâ˸ӵһԾ㳯Žǰһ
εлΪһˡ
лң
תߣֵҴӦ㣬ҵһˣͻƣҲͻˣϽȥ
ǣ
Ȼͷûٶ˵ʲôмĻµȼղŵĿ⣬ȴȻ˷ܡ
ʮӺ⿾ˣȻõгһƬƬķһЩϺŶԺУ磬ɩӣ񽣴磬ã
ţ
ף漴Ҳһ԰ɣ
⡭
Ȼһ£⻹һһ³Զ
ʲô⣿
ûĵ£ѵҪվ㲻ɣ

ȻæһӣС£Ҳûٶ˵ʲôкŴһ㿪ʼȻ˿ЩֹԿʱССڵģҲ֮ʱְԵš


597 ԪˮȻ
ɫ𽥻谵ΧϰϰҲԱˣȻܶµʰҲûæµӣ¶һĨǳЦ
ܿ죬ʰϣȻ˵񽣴磬һҪҪ򣿡
˵أ
һ֣ٺЦСӲΪͻƵڣٰܹ˰ɣ
ҡûǸ˼
Ȼæҡͷ˵ֻʣ費Ҫٽӡ
Ͳˣ
˹˵ӡҪΪ˺ΪӺͻ¼ʵĻѾɹͻƣȻͲˣ񽣶óлʽ˿֪𣿡
֪ˣ磡
ĻȻ̵ͷӦŵ漴һۣѯǷڿʼ
߰ɣСӣ
ȰСڷȻһ£񽣱ȳȥ
ȥɣס˵Ļ
Ҳ֮ȻͷһŽϿȥ档
첻˵кһһͬ
ǰһƬУ񽣺ͷȻֱӳֶս˴ΪȻѾﵽڵԵʣʩչĹ֮ǰ֪ǿ˶ٱΪĻȣ˿ûκαþȫ񽣹ȥҲᵣĿǷ˶ˡ
Ͼ񽣵ʵһվţƾȻֶֹΣҪҲǸЦ
䡭
ء
ȻĹˮû˿ϾҲϵӲƴʵĽһֱά˷սҲԵΪҡ
磬㷢ûУСȻӵĹǿȺѰ֮˸ǿһЩ
սһ黺˵ӦЩԪйذɣ
Ӧˣ
ͷͬ˵תЦżһû֣СȻĹӦò򵥣û´ʱ䱻ں޷ͻƣҲӦĹйأ֮ǰһֱ뾡취ǱΪľǽյͻƣȻûʧҲǼã
Ī켶龪ɷҽ΢һЩǸĺؼһ磡켶ĻǷҵ϶ֹЩ
һǷҵأ
΢΢һЦ˵ͲñˣԪ½ϲֻǲŻôˣ
˵ҲǣСȻӹȻ򵥣
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598 뽣ڣϣ
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600 뷢нͣ
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ΧȻ̸󣬿޴ڵĲнԼʱʱ˷ϻĽȴһָѹȵĸо仹ǰһڵϣʱʱ״˾ýȻɵĵһ˿⡭
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⻹ЩķУܱߵнܵʲôǣ׷ڼٲ֮ɵ˰֮У·ǵĿһ㣬׷ԼٶȳڵλüϮȥ
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⻰ڶԷԶͣȴ̺ŵϷȴǷֱҧ˹ָӽ߳ˣ˵ǣ˵С㳤òƯô
ƯǺƯģ۳ôҵȣһ۷֣ȴ§飬һϷʡ

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磬ҪʲôŹðɣȻ״ΪҪԷֲʱǰ


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ŷԶĻԶ뼾̾һҲûٶ˵ʲô

һҹʱôȥڶһ磬ԶͷȻԹˣ˳һٷʢͣųŷСϦڵľԺȥ
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ܿ죬ϦĽŲĵĽСŴϪˮг˳ͬ鳲һԶͷȻУЦϦ˺þأ磬ϦˣϦÿĵŶ
Ϧˣ
ͬСһԶϦԴЦʵɲԸߵϦ߿ʲôأ
ϦҲ֪Ŷ
ϦͷһЦĵϦǶأģ
ôһòã
ۺۣ磬ǿ
ϦĲѣŷԶͷȻܵСϪ£漴üһ磬ǻҪЬأ
ãѣ
ܿ죬˫űϪˮУϦȻǿģֱ߷ԶͷȻֱۣЦͬһö
ʱԺ⣬ͨһ϶һеȴüͷ֣ǸϦʲôһ˶Ҫ֡
Сݣ𣿡
һ£ԵС֣ʵǼС⼸ǲǻʲô쳣

Сϸһ£ûĺܿصū澳Щ֮⣬һ㲻֪㲻أλүҪô˵ɣʲôֻҪϵСģȫ˵ֱԵ
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Сݵͷ˵ǰϣС㶼һʱʹĽУ⼸춼ûˣūΪӦСת
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ġ
С룬˵ˣУСǰϲģ⼸ū澸׼ûԣǽزȫˣһ㶼ʣأģûˣ
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СݵĻһۣɫΪȻǵСݻûۣǷϦŮϦʲô̵ģҲûʲôô
үС㣬һҪȾС㰡
ȻɫСͨһǹȥеĵСܲҵأҪū澵СūҲһüͷǾȾȾɣ

齫Сݷ̾ģǵһ취;Բ鷳ȥæ׼һ㶫СƽճԵģز˶ҪУ
ǣūȥȥ
СݼҴҵ߿ˣż۲ԺڵϦǼΪɾЦݷ·һ㣬κһ˼ڵ״ԲΪһ޷ƵĲˡ

ֶֶŮ
ŹȥһʱϦЩˣԶͷȻطϢǸߵԺߣżʵ
壬ʵЩ
̾һεĵҺ鵹²⣬ȴȻҿ϶
ףЩϦԵķô
Ȼע⵽ߵļȣĵ磬ǡ
۲ҪӸ棡
ص뿴ϦԶʱӣҵĲ²ûĻ鷳
Ϧո˯£ҪһʱˣȻ˵
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ţ
ԶĬĬͷܹ˵ķأϦСŮ
ʱ䲻ϵţʱ֣緹ҶԺĳһЩķԸСݽ˶˵ԺСŷϦĳ֡
ȻʮӺ󣬻˷ԵʣϦƿ˳ʯ£ҲûжıſӳǾĿ۲죬ַϦȻһʳﶼûȥССڵĽز˶ˣ׷Ҳһ㲻ʣ
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ʲôˣ
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ĿЩ䣬ͯȫͬ·һƵģ
ãϦҪˣ
״Զʱɫ䣬æ˽ȥ˵Ϧǵ

ԶϦʱ¶һĨõЦݣƻָ״̬ȻʱȴشԺһԾ룬ȵ壬
ľٶ˭û뵽ġ
Զһ٣ϦȴĿٴαñ䣬ĳȥ˼㣬˭
ϦҪţǵѣ
Զæ˵Ż׼ϦſԻϦڵ״̬
壬ɣ
ȴٴγԶʱüͷһ壬ֶ㵽ҪΣѵұһҵŮУ
뱧ŮȻԣŮأ
ЦЦ⻰ȴ÷Զɫ䣬ֶ˵ʲôϦô᲻ҵŮ
岻ţǺǡ
ûжӽͣתǸϦȥĵȻҲ֪ǴĶ꣬㲻˰ռһŮ˵̫ôԼҰ
ʲô
⻰ԶԼԺ飬Ȼ˶ɫ䡣
ȴԺһԾ룬磬˼һ˫ꣿ󣬸ſȻ⻹ǸСݵŮȻѩôɰСһ
һ˫ꡭ
Խ⣬ǷϦȴ˫Ŀᣬĵ磬ǵʲô˰ΪʲôҪ۸ϦءϦǣ


617 ּȡ׺ħ飡
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ֶжİգԶԥʵ
ֻһ룬Ѿа˳ɣųɣֱӦ
ף磡
Ȼڱϳ˵һ䣬漴ǰֿܾǧίķϦȥıˣһֱǶΪΪԵʣڿƺ񣡡
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ϦС죬˵ĺ촽зŨŨİԹһ˲侹÷Ȼɫ΢Щ͡
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״һʱȻߣתԪһȣȻʱһֻʶһ˺һ˲ή˲١
СȻ
ԶʱǱ˲䷢һУٶǰķϦɡ
Ȼ֪׷ʲôȫԿ϶ϦѲ˸ϵ

壬ԳһϦǳʹĸоȻԶʱ䱸ɿǿתԪ΢ֻԺһ˲ָܿ
㣬ȻҵϦ
ԶԪ˫Ŀȵ㵽ʲôˣҵϦôˣ
Ϧ
ϦС죬ĵѵСʱôҵأһǵá
ţӷϦ촽˵Сʱ飬һһ׮׮ʮĿ÷ԶԭᶨֲҡһЩ
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ȴڱϾĿϷһĨаЦ쳣ԡ
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ԶȻ⻰Ҫ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǺǰһɫĺȵ߳
ʱǿľֱӿȻţ˶ܹоһӿ֮УǷϦԭɫʱ־ţĺ˺üԵ쳣š
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״ԶͷȻʱһҪǰ

켱æסˣ壬СȻӣǸ徻һ㣡
̼岻ɵĽ漴ʧȥ˲ٵľһ㣬Щš
νĹʲôȻ֮ĶǾ
ԾǿӿԶȻȻҲܵӰ죬ǷϦĹгɹ˳ֻǶҲܵһЩӰ죬ʶ˿ɫЩס
ֱ˿̣ȷǰķϦ˵Ѿˡ
ԶȻɫ仯ȻӲϦ۾ȴȻװúӣ磬ǲҪϦءϦÿŶ
ס죡
˫΢УһǸǰȻҲ֪㵽ʲôռ˷Ϧ壡ٲĻݹҶ㲻
ˣϦ֪˵ʲô˼
Ϧһۣ漴ޱίļԶĲҪϦϦ
˵꣬ҲԶʲô˵ĻᣬΨб䣬ʱϵȻڤ粻飬ǾݹֱٲˣҰ
˵䣬Ͽʼɢһɫâ˫ҲһĪӡһɷ·귢ָᣬʱһޱȹĺ֣ԺƽĲĹϢ
ֶҪʲôԶֻһæʵ
ģҲ˺Ϧ壡
˵һ䣬ӡȴδԽԽ죬ҲǶԽᡣ
ޱȹ죬пɼĹһߣԵޱȣԪ£ֻǰķϦ˹ȥ
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Щţȴ˫΢УаЦԭһΪĳû뵽Ȼħ飡ôĵӣ
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һɢȥڰ׺ħϵĺڹȴδɢ쵭ĵѩƣʱ㿴ܣҪܻʲô춯ԼŰ죡
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ѩƵԴ漴׺ħȥһ˫۾ɢżΪĹâòžһЩİ׺ħʱӣޱȾֵſڵϣĴβסԴȻǶѩַĵ׵ľ塣
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Զԥĵͷ漴СнϦ˹ȥСȥԸ׼һЩƷǸĳЦЦŷϦ뷿úðá


618 ħ֮˵Ϧ
ܿ죬Զӷ˳һסҡΣǼĵֶһûϦЩƽ˯ţûɣ
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ЦЦֻҪһʱúһȫָ
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״ԶͷȻˣæֶл˵ǲǻʲôǣ
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ĻԶȻӶʱɫ˲䣬æֵĻô죿ֶ϶а취ģԲԣ
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ղڽ׺ħӷϦǿгʱѩƱͨϵһѶϢǾħ顣
ʱ컹һѩƵʳģֻΪ׺ħпǷϦ˵ԵʣŽ佻ѩƿأȻ׺ħֻû۵Ļ컹Ĳ⿴ѩʳħġ
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ȻڨЦͷıôɽʱѾϰߣȻûκν⡣

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ԶεĵΪʲôôʮ˶˵أ
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˵ϦǱʮ갡ʮĳϦദͰ׺֮Ѿʦѵܹϵ乲һӵԵʣǾһˡ
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޷ܾһ˫˴۾ͷʵСϦҿɲһ£ǰ׺ħ飬Ҳ˵Сףʲô

ĻϦЩԥСѾ˵ȥġ
ϦӣЦЦ⣬ʰɣǲǡ


619 취
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Ϧȴصɴ˫ۣ磬ô֪ģ
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Լҵģ
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һ˼Եֹֻ״̬߿˵ǹ޵һ֣ǹ޹Ψһһֶ˵ûκΣģǸ׺ȷСϦûκζ⣡
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ȻʵѵͲǰ׺ΪԼҪϦ⡶ָ𣿡
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620 Բҵĸл
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ԶһɫᶨŮֶ̾ȫˣ
磬ҪҺСʲô𣿡ϦҲգŴ۾˵С׺Ҷ˵ˣҪһҪһ
ŷϦڷϦеİ׺ħ飬ΪжЦŵһᾡŬ֤İȫˣھ͹ԹԵڴϣ˫˯һһоͻˣ
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ҵȻʲôҪ
쵯ָһ÷Ϧܿ˯˹ȥ׼ʼ֮ʱȴǴӰ׺ħϴһ񲨶첻ɵó׺ħһۡ
񲨶һѶϢܼ򵥣׺ħ죬ʵڲеĻһҪסϦѾˣûжġ
ڰ׺ڸΪжһοľ񲨶˫ۣܿ񳹵ƽΧ˴ʱҲס˺ΨֻŵĶ
ѩƣϣ
أ˫һȣһֱȱߵѩʨӦͬ˲һֱӷɵ˷ϦͰ׺ϿգһɫâӣγһڷϦͰ׺Դϡ
־ٶΧҷԶ˿סˣһֱǶΪѩƲֻһֻﹷɳﹷ𣿴ѩһ˲ıſ¾ǷԶһϣҲȻ֡
ѩƣʼɣ
˫ӡǿľ˲͸Ϧ׻ֱ
Ҫ֪챾߼ħʦЩȻⷽûͻƣħʦȻǾ
ټ֮ġаѾɹͻٱ䣬ӵ൱Ԫǰڵʵͷž£Ծѹ÷е˶ȫ˿͸ĸо
˳ȥɣ
ע⵽˵ɫ仯ʱĳ
ãǳȥȺ򣡡
ΪҼԶҲԥһͬԺڣһۺҲкſʱ뿪ҲﲻʲôæΪѹʲôӰĻº᲻롣
СϦСף
ϦͰ׺Ӵ֮ʱͨ뵽İ취˵˳
ʵ˵Ҳܼ򵥣ǱľΪý飬ͨѩʨİ÷ϦͰ׺ߵһ̶ȵںϣһɹǱܹ໥棬Ϧǡ֮ʱÿֳһԻָ׺꣬һӦÿð׺ħõһĲ䣬ֻҪʱ㹻ָҲǲܵģ
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촫ѶϢϦû˿ĳɣص磬ְɣ㣡
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кܿ뵽һʮֹ״̬Ȼһ΢ĺһ

ʱһһĹȥһֱ磬ԺеķԶ緹ûȥԣһϵڷڵɫΪء
ڣһôȥֵһյİյĹâ𽥰֮УǷǱ˿ƣӻ߳һǲ԰ףȫѾˮʪһսƵġ
磬û°ɣ
һʱǰţѩСһıĸߣǲûжƣ
ϣԶҲæ˹ֹ
ǿ϶ʹڷϦƣ״УôֻķϦأ
⼸ЩֹɫУ΢΢һЦ˵壬Ƿģһж˳СϦͰ׺ѾɹؼһʱǱˣ
̫ˣ磬лл㣡
˴˻Ȼʱ֣ԶǵҲ׷׳ʾŸл
ʵĵĻǷϦڰ׺ֻǸŵĶѣϾ׺˷ϦһֻзϦǷҵˣҪĹͷ˵ϰ߶ȹԼļˡ
ֶˣȥϢɣ׼һЩƷԶ˵
ǺãҲˣ
ͷ˵壬СϦСû֮ǰòҪ˽䣡򣬿»ǴȥһЩţ
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ԶͷֶŮϽֶȥϢɣｻǾˣ
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ףʾһ£һͬһһҵķ쳯ȥ
ѩһȻҲǽ󣬺ܿ뿪⴦Ժӡ
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컹ûڣԶʱס֣ҡЦֶһеĵһˣֶԤϵģϦѾˣСҲָ˲٣Ϧֶ㣡ллǳл
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ЦЦҺСȻҲ㲻ʶֽһ壬СϦҲͬҵӣ㲻ʲô
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Զ˵ţһ㲻̫£˵ֶ֪ħʦװһЩħǷҶֶĸлˣϣֶҪ
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콫˻ȥ˵ҲԾѣʵҲСϦһֻԵɣҪôԺɶٹˣ
ֶֻǷҵһСѣѵֶҪܾⲻڴ𣿡ԶҡҡͷҪǲܣǿɾǲӣ

ЦãȻҲڱȰ˵Ҫ²ɡ
壬ɡ
תһ£˵Щħǿ϶յģҪлҵĻɷͨߵҲһºؼֲ
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ĻԶһ£ֶǺ⣿ĪֶǺؼ֮䡭
û˵꣬ЦŴϵ岻ضʣŶˣ˵㽫Сּ޸ؼӺغ
ΪϦ飬Ҳһֱæµûʱʣһһ㣬ϾǱ˷ҵ˽£ô˵Ҳֻһ˰ˡ
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Ȼʱ˵ʹˣǺغֻ׶ѣδͬģ
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˶٣ԶȻֶҪؼҵֲǾû⣡Ҫʱһ£ֶֻԵȼˣ
Ǻǣû⣡
ЦЦСϦѾԲֻҪ㲻Ǵűã


621 뿪ңХɽ
պ죬飬ԼѾϤ黳ѩһͬ뿪˷ҡ
ʱڷ֮УԶԶУ뼾ԼȻڣһ̵˻ŮûС
СȻϦôˣԶȻʵ
ܺã
ȻЦ˵̶̼ʱ䣬ϦѾȫָˣھǿȷѾҲ٣ڣںֶһأ
Ϧָܹȫֶ
Զ̾Ҳ֪Ҫؼֲʲô
첻򵥣
ԶڱɫȻĳҾãпܵĻĹϵҲҪ̫
壬ʲô˼
ԶеĻ÷ȻˣҪɩӣҺֶʵôͻͽĽչ磬Ϧôָ壬Ҳδ̫߲һЩɣ
Ȼ񣡻ǸԶʱ۳
ûƾʲôҪǸ
ȻͦͦأԷԶĿ⣬
ˣ磬ȻҲǹģ
Զεʼ磬˵ʵԼԼЩԣΪǷҵĽҲòô˵
ҵĽ
ŷԶеĻ뼾ͷȻֵܶЩ΢Զź룬һ˼ģ
ԶУ˵ؼңԶʵ

Զеͷ΢˫˵ȻǷҵȷкܴĶ飬ؼʲôڣȻؼҵʵ̫ǿֻǷǿһߣ˺ؼóöҪǺؼҪǵĻʲô֪
˶٣Զмǰʱ˵ؼұʥȥȴ޹ʥ֮жɣɴ˿󣬺ؼҵʵԽԽǿò˶þܹĳưˣ
ԶеΪأ⵹˵˺ؼңͺؼʲôᣬ˵Щĳ㶼ΪǷҺá
ҪȥԸؼңúؼ֪ǷʲôϸĻԺؼ覴ñرԸǾԲŹǵġ
ʱںؼҵöУׯ԰¶Ϊ֮أ粻
ҲŲʲôؼҲؼҵģ
Ȼԥĵɩӳʲô⣬ҷȻҲҪǱ𣡡
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˵Զ΢һ£ſڼȥ̽һ£ʱ̹עֶǵĶʲôΣգڲ¶Լ³ȣҲһҪֶ֤ǵİȫںؼңҲôĵӣҷȻһЩҲǺǵģ
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ԶĻԶжʱЩˣȻȴڱ˷ܵĵ˵öԣҪĴǷҲûǺؼңʲôȥעǵ
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ԶͷȻ⼱ҴҵȥԶֳԶ˵Զа֪ڵǼ壬ҲˣǶ֮ˣ֪Ѷ˻ȥһµĵûУǽԶаԶУ֪Ϊʲôʼ޷õЧͻ𣿡
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˷ԶĻԶһֱûôڵķҴү뼾ܿ˳˼
һԶ̧ͷɫ磬ˣȥ׼һ£ؼһʲôС
Զһ˲·һƵģòõ˴ȵ뼾ҲмַԶ֮ʱķɡ
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뼾Զ˹лĳȥ÷Զ˫¶ޱοɫ

ХɽշṩϢǺؼһݵ㣬Ҳһ
һһΧľдΪ£ʱʱĿħ޵𣬶Ҫһ㣬ڻХɽƶȻҲǺؼѡ˴ΪݵҪԭ
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ʩչܿ뵽˻Хɽһɽȣߺؼ֮˵ľۼ㣡
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Ǵֵ߽ɽȣ֮˶ʱȳ
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ǲڣĺؼ֮˶ھԵǿ½ɱһ߾߲ȱʬ£ʱвʮ˲νҡ
ԭµĿУʱӿһŨѪȡ
ȴûֵͣ˼ΧԽԽؼ֮ˣ˺ԥĴ֡
ǧý½Լ񽣵ؽеһƵģӳὦһѪ⣬Щؼ֮ĶǶȶϸ첲ûһǵһ֮С
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תֹȥ˼ӣǺɱ¾£Χֶʮʬ壬кȻԪġ
ͬɱûЩκ˵ĻᣬʱΧȴһ֣ô¸ңҲȥֻγһΧȦΧ
ʱߵĸ˺ر˹ΧѪصΣر˫һУʲôˣѵ֪Ǻؼҵĵ𣿡


622 ɱ¾ϣ
رĳ֣ǸΧؼ֮˴˼ĵ
Ҫ֪رǵԪǰڵĸ֣ںؼ֮Ҳˡ
ȻȴǾǺر

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˵䣬ر϶ʱһף˸âһ֪ȻǷƷ
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ؼұϾöңرΪؼҵһϣȻö֮ʮ־ͨ鵣⵽㣬㵱½ûһ佣âʱرֱϮȥ
Сĵ㣡
쵹ҲûǵԪڣټö֮ϵʵǽеԪǰʵĺرĶֻ֣ҲͬףҪսʤ߻ɱرҲҪһʱ䡣
ȻˣǾɱˣؼ֮ˣ
ѾսһͺرһĨаЦ˵񽣣ǵǰôȫҵ𣿡
ٺ١Ȼǵã
һЦôүͰһģ

Ц˭ɱĶ࣬ҪӮˣȻȥ֮ȥŸҶүӸҪƿƣ
ۣҪǰˣӦүʲô񽣺ԥӦ
ǻʲôְɣѩƣʵţĸʲôΣգ̳֣
𡭡
ѩƵͺӦһͿ񽣱ʱһһҵĳϮȥ
ǧý趯ͬӰؽڿȴ̩ͬɽѹһ㣬Ȼûչֳʲô̫ǿĹƣɼ˻úؼȺٴҺôԪʵ֮ˣ˵ǿƹ£ûκνһĿܡ
ټϽĲҺøղΪرֶƽһЩĻٴγΪѪȵɱ¾֮ء
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ء
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˸趯Ϳ񽣶ϵˣȻûлȥĿܡ
Ǻؼ֮˵Ҳ΢֮޷㿪վһͼҪԺϻ֮ƽͿ񽣵£һȴָǴȥ˼õĻɱᡭ
ʵ̫Եʣټ֮˾Ǻŭ֣û˿ʱúؼȺвҺ˻ǶȣǶϱ۵ĵڵϣ˲õѾһɺѪôѣȴû񽣵ɱ¾ֹͣѪͻĴ̼£ʹɱĸ
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ںؼ֮ˣɱİãûһΣ
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ʱرٶҼ绹Ǳ½ݺݻһɼǵ˿Ѫ쭳رҲ֮һΣ˲ûָ˿ڣæȥ
ϼһܵ𣿡
״һЦеԪȫһϮе½Ǻâ˸ֻգۼ׷˺رĳԪԥٴδ̳
ꡭꡭ
رΪ˵Եʣټ޾嶾Ĺϵﶼܵ˼Ӱ죬½Ƿ·˿ռĹ޿ɶ㡭
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Ѫɫ԰ֽرʱԵޱȱߡ
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ر˫ĿһĨ񣬻ԪĵƷǶ
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ޱɨһΧʣµʮؼ֮ˣߵߣ磬ʣµô죿
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񽣵ɴ˫ۣ
ǰͿ񽣱ɱ˵ʱ򣬺üο񽣶ϷŪȴû뵽ڻ

ǲӣʱһЦѩʨСһﶼǳ񽣵ţӵζԶһҲ̫˰ɣûҴأ
ˣ
ȥĿ񽣵ļЦȻȥ֮ȥҼƣ˰ɣ
Ų࣡ٺ٣ллү
ЦʵҲûĴֻһЦѡ
ˣ磬ȥĶ˵
ȥ룡
˫΢УշϢȻХɽʵǿһЩԪǰڣ㶯֣һЩ飡ҺͿ񽣻Ϲأĺؼ֮ȫɱ
ãߣ
ܿ죬Ǳ㳯ʱ·ȥһصѪȣ


623 ɱ¾£
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ðɣģӦǺؼ֮ڵĵطˣ
˵ŻѾ֮ǰХɽɽ˵˴ĺؼ˶סڳɽ֮Уһľȴ֣ЩľʵγһЧķȦܵ˴ĸ򹥻ضᾪˣʱӦ
ȷҪȻХɽúؼҵ˽һЩ
ɨһЩľݣЦҵǶԽԽȤˣ߰ɣɱˣ
ܿ죬һľȺ⣬Աʮؼ֮ڽһЩȭһ㣬ǵĵʱǵĿ۶
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һԪ֮˹ΪƵ˵Ѿ⿪ˣѵǲ֪ѾǺؼҵĵ̣Ͻߣ
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Сӣ㾹ҶԺؼҲ
ɫһݣֳצ㳯ץȥɣ
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첻мƲƲ죬ּƽɲǣֻһâһҽ˵ֱֱնϣѪҪǮƵӿ
ٶ֮죬ΧЩ˸ûзӦһֱԪ֮˲ҽ˺üЩؼҵ˲һųǳȥһɫѣŭ֡
飬ѩЪţ񽣣ϣ
ϣү
ӦһʱһֱͬӺȻ֣ѩԺһЩΧĻĿȴǱľݺĳɽУһԼĵͿ񽣵Ķɱ¾üҲЩغ͹졭
磬񽣣սپ
ģ뵽ʲôʱ
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Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪߴ٣컹ǴӦ£к˿һϷŪЩ˵˼ǧýؽֱڸ˵Ŀɱ֣â˸
ҽ֮𣬶˷˴˴ؼ֮˵ĳ֣˷׷ۣΪ׵ĺȻ︺Ԫ֮ˡ
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˵һһԾֳǧýԪ֮Ϯȥ
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ѩƣҲϣ
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ѩȴûЩŭбֱ˶㣬ѪڣټβͶգۼкüؼ֮˲ϣЩؼ֮˵ĹܹѩƵķϵһëû
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ߵҲϵͷ̸֮ͣŶ羴ȴŲ࿴һۣ漴ȴֿЦҡͷλֳ֪ɽѾȫΧˣղŵĳٻʱЩ˱ϹʱǱЩ׸


628 ˭Ϊ˭Ϊޣ£
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Ȼʱɽɽ۵կִӿˣһֱֳԵüΪɲҪǣЩ˵ʵǿĶѾﵽԪ֮ʮȻʵ࣬ȴ߰˱
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ô˰ɣϷʵٴ𣬡Ϊɵӣ׼ȥ죬ɽ벻һǧҪǰΪ𣿡

ɫԽѿˮ
Ȼʧˣ
Щˣҧڲ֮и
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쵭ȻһЦζȻ·ȥȵס֣
̺Ԫͬһ㣬ûսһ˲ȫֳֹͣԵ֡
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мγһ̫Ŀյأ˵İڷŲʬ壬ֲ֫ϱۣѪԵޱȲҡ
ү
ߵԼǰüǽΣˣȻҺɳȥٷ˸Ͻ뿪ϲ̫ʱģ
ǰүɽڲûգٷ˸ϽߣסǣҲ漴˵
ò˵ֵķΪĻϡ
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ţ
⻰ֵһӿˣɵ˵ĸо
ȴûжӽͣһЦ͵ɫһ࣬ȵؼ֮˰ΧûбٵķԸ׼һ
˻һºɣټŵɽ֮˾Щ⻰Ƕ˭˵
ܿ죬Ȼعһŵӿˣɫ𺧣
ЩˣѵǺŵģ
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Ȼһɲǣ˵ĴӦͣμ˸ɿγһΧȦؼʣµĲʮ˰ΧȻҲؼϣ
Σö첻˽ֵ˺Ȼ֣ɸĨһѶͷ亹ԭү׼ûң


629 ֮
˿εľ޴ת䣬ɽ˿ϣ
ŸɫŹֵ죬ǰԵӵˣѾ̫ˣѾˣţ
֪źؼҵѾ֮ôţпΪ
Ų׼Ļ뿪֮Щ˱ֱϣʱ˵һɽˣЩ˵ǿʵĸɽҲӲˣ
ңĵŶһЩת䣬ı뷨ֱӶԺؼ֮˶֣
٣ôǣ
˽ؼҶʮ˰ΧʱһŮͷ֮ǰǸ˹ʵŮҲǷǷʾ
һĻΧ֮˿Ŀɿڴ
ܴ磬ô
Цõֳ֣ϵЦŴкܽ㣬㣬òɺð
ûе캣Ĵ֮һıԣԼ˴󻤷֮ıۻԼ
ʵݵشӦ𣬲ͷΪʦ󲿷ڣŷǵٻ
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캣ڣĴĵλڰ˴󻤷Ƿֱפضĸλû鲻Խ磬ڼԵʱŻԾ
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ǮǸһڵĺؼҵ˻ϹȥǱȥˣҲû취Ҫ˵ʲô飬ҸôүӽЦ˵
еǮָı캣ǮɭһǮȴޱĵˣ
ܽأôҲˣʵ
ܵٻҿǺ˺ܾãŴ˹أ;㣬ǺǡǽñһŶôҪܵ㲻뿴ң˱ǣߺߡ
һ춪һۣޱȽĵػص
캣ڣҲֻŸҺ쿪Ц໥Խƣ½ƺΪһ㣬ȴҲκεԽ
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ܴ磬ܽ㣬㣬ǺãѾˣȻİ
Ϊߵĵһˣֽͷӵ̵캣ڵһбȺܶ˶ҪϤȻӲİȥݺݵӵһ£òЩЦá
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ȴһۣܹ׷ǵĸסԺҪǸκαѣٶ֣ӵĺǣϲܱضǰƤ
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٣ǺǸؼϣԶźʵ

ͷŲЩԥӣ˵ܴ磬֪ڵʲôʦȷؼЩԨԴѾǹȥˣ֪ͷΪʲôʮһݵȺ𣿡
ţ
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ȫϮԪǰڵʵţգһĩ֮С
Ҫûôף
оǰδеΣ˫жȻֳһĨ̵âһϢϢתʱǺյļޱ̬˲ʮһչֳƣȴڴ˿˺ͲԷͥơ
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ԴһԪȪӿӿ컢ڣƸӿֲ
ֻգۼ䣬㱻컢Ļ渲ǣ޺ͷ󣬺һҺӰ׹أһ̳󣬱ڣȻֱӻһ߽̿ҲκΡ
һĻü˽ʵ죬Щסĸо˵ֵܺˡ
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ţ
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ЦţԿ캣ԼˣʵԽǿ˵ҲȻԽкô


630 ҵ𾪣֮ŭ

ׯ԰УѾȫָһϮɫȹķϦıܵ˷ԶߣһֱȻħ֮İ׺һȴǽŷԶ֣˵Ϣ˵˵
ʱ˷Զ֮⣬ȻзԶУ뼾ȻˣڷСȴڿ֮УϾ壬Դ촫ѩԳɹͻԺ󣬷ֱһֱڼŹȥôʱ䣬Ȼ˴ͻơ
ϦԴӻָ֮󣬱Ϊ˷ҵĿĹ߶ȴǷҵκһˣѾ뿪˵죬ÿ϶ʼϢЩ洳µ÷Ϧ
ʱŻԼֱѵСŮԶЦãϦ㰡
˵˵
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Ѿͷ
ԶЩǺܿɫһ࣬ɫܣʱ˵һ˵ɣ
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Хɽĺرĺؼ֮ˣΪХɽӵеԪǰڵʵ
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˵Զе˶٣żǵХɽֵɽŲδпѾѳؼң⣬ɽɻǺؼϺԴӣټɽΧؼˣһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ǸѾ

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ȻȴôҲû뵽һɽ˺֮أ
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˵˵ɣǸô죿ɨһˣΪ

û˻ش𣬻˵ڣǸ֪˵ʲô
ܿ죬ɽĿؽϣ鵽ϢأңһõϢû鵽ѹŭҧг֮С
⡭
ؽεĵǲ鵽ϢֻȷЩ˲ݣпǴڹģ֮ǰѾжϳǻȥɽϴãֻû뵽϶Щ˵Ķ֣ԣɻɣЩʮ֮˾ԪǿߣпԪڣ
ǰʵǵԪڣټöֶΣԪǰڵĻ򲻹ҲӲˣذҲڱ˵
ôܣ˵Ǹô죿ѵЩڰмɱǵⲿ
ôȥĶҡЩŬͻḶ֮һˣҡ
˵һҧңѾЩ֪һ⴫룡ԣҲǵôҪʱнЩҳؽٸʱ䣬ٲܸҺõϢϵλþͲˣ


631 ٴ
Ȼϴʱһȴ΢һЩʱʱĶԿؼ֮ѲߣڵǺԭͲЩܹ֪ˣ
죬飬ٴѩȻ鱧ڻС
Դɽ֮ͣ˶ںؼⲿɱ¾ϾǸʱλؼ϶ˣѱؼҲǽг²⣬ɴ෴ֱ֮ϡ
캣ıԣԼۻͽ찲ŵȥ׼ˣϵԽԽ캣֮ˣֻҪһǱֱж
ȻⶼΪ캣аٵݡ
˵˺ؼңҲҪʧأ֮ǰⲿ㲻ʲôںؼ˵Ҳ޷˽ǡ
ǽǺؼƶ˺ѪʬعȥزŻЧϧǲ֤ݣ˵ȥˣԺؼߵŶܿĽ
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תۣչȥ
ڴԼܱ߸˶ٴμ˲ٵļ
˴μгֳӰǰ֮ǰЩȫһȴһЩݡ
ǾǺغλؼүȻðǸץסɱͬʱɱǼؼһģһˣúõĽеĿ˶
֮⣬ЩѳһЩĶìͷֱָһ򿴲ߺؼҵļ
Щĳ֣ԭԺغؼҵ˶׷׸ı̬ȣԳֻ
е˵ǺؼҹǿģΪľƭڣúؼɶЩ֡
еˣȴǺܿΪؼұƽΪغԴƹܴװǫǫģ˵ԽԽ࣬𽥷ʼõķת
غʱҲǾڴϣϵ񶼶Ĺ۲٣ȻҪһԽж˵ȫҲǲܵģ
ΣغǵˣԽԽܵĹעͬʱغҲڲѰԱ˵ټһп϶Ϊˣصױ⻹գҪҲЩǰ񲻰æһ
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ţ½ʲôص˵˳ɺغȴɫ죬պµ˵ҪԺغԼһսҪһ˵
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ܿ죬չȥغڵĴȥңлкɹʮ֣ÿһʵߵ˺ȻǵԪڡ
ׯ԰⣬غվſڣָŽҴŭѣԱҲ֪Ϣ˸˴һδĺϷ
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Լţñ˺ݺݴ
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һʱ䣬˿ĿɿڴؼүȻѪµˡ


636 ҲѪ
գغ뿪ˣÿһغֻΧһĿһ㣬޵ݡ
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ܿ죬ΧΧ߷׷ɢȥ»صׯڣԸ˽Źغãֱ˺ԺС
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ʵػص¹۲죬ذѾڻˣһԺµָ췢ģǿҲŹң
˵ţںؼ֮е飬ҲںغԱ֮ŭԸ鶼һһʮȫ˳޾ϸû˿
˵Щˣ
Ħһ°ͣ΢˫תʵˣںؼҴ˶ãɷǹڶ˺Ѫʬ飿Щܵص㣿
ֻ˴ʱ䣡±ΪؼҴС㣬ؼ֪ЩֻкɣذأؽԼˣؽнӵ˺ɵʲô⼸ʱ䶼ںؼׯڣ
صҲͼѰҺؽ޷֣ԣµģºؽμƻеһ޴а˼
ؽ
ԣ˫жʱâ˸˼Ըܽ㣬ȥϵһǮɭǮ磬ȥңҪѺؽҳҵģؽʧ붾˺Ѫʬйأ
õģ֪ˣȥϵ
ͷֱطֶϵǮɭλ캣
ʱʾѾϵˣźܿн컹׼˵ʲôʱһϤŮ˽ܵܣˣұף


639 ħŮ
첻Цһ£ȴɫһϲæȥŴ򿪣ԺվŵȫͬŮˣǾϲĵƶ㣬ȶ㣬ôˣ
ûŮƶȶã
ѧԺгŮƶħŮȶ
飬㿩
ȶһǰӵһ£ֱϸӴõԽԽأʱǿɰܵûɣʲôʱұֶ
ȶ㣬˵ʲôأ
ȶĵЦʱһ죬ɵýѡ
ƶǳǳһЦֳԽˣ·Ů·һ㡣
ƶ㣬ȶ㣡
ҲǰħŮһкȶҡҷ˹һϣЩȵӣħŮǿֱЦǰ˶ǲѣ·ʱҪ·Ƶġ
ȶˣ
ƶųȶһۣ漴촽΢ܵܣǹģ
ͷӣ
ԣһ£ͷӲԹ
콫ѪʬѾͷϹԶϹԶȴûж˵ʲôֻСһЩȻƶȶԼأ
˻Ҫ죡
ƶͷ˵˵ʱˣҺȶ㣬Ҳ˵ˣᾡϹģ

ȶȻЦһ촽յϵܵܣŶʵɡȥǱأ˶һȥ˵Ŷ

ȶ⻰ʱͷߣȶʱӣֱͺЩûʲô𣬶Ϊ弸һԵʣܹŵȶȻϢû¶󡭡

ȶЦѣС촽߸󣬾ֱӺ˼ǻģֱϰȶĵЦҲûʲôԴס
ƶС㣬ȶС㣡
Ϊ캣˴󻤷֮һȻ֪ŮݣܿǷ񣬲
СߣǺþûأ
ȶһЦֻСߡĳƺȴЦãĳƺǱۻҲҲ֪ΪʲôȶħŮš
ˣȶˣ
ƶǳȶһ䣬Ľ¼ʶһŮ󣬴£ʱȶȴĳܵܣνǹǸһأ벻֪˭
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⻰΢΢㶣˭
֪Ļͽ˼һý㣡ȶǰ˵

СЩЦãĵȶ㣬ҵĺý㡭
Ӵһ㶼û⣬ɬأ
ȶǲľ˾죬ƶȴûĵȶϷŪܵˣ
˵ţƶ漴Ťͷ˵ȻˣǾ͸ϽѵҪȥ㲻ɣ
ߣƶˣһȤûУȶǲһ
ʱԭرյԺű˿һü뻨׵߿첽룬ֱǰ²μа٣μٷˣ
㣡
΢΢һ漴Ȼôƶһ
ǺܾûĹˣΪٳǿʦҪǶ֣ѹֱ뿪ˣ뵱Ѿȥʱ䣬ȴû뵽
аٵĻԴϴ뿪ݳǺ󣬱ӵ˵ķԸ£ʱݣʶõƶСȶСٻϵ˴аٷԸ˹ص
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쵹Ҳûʵ̫ϸЦЦϴμǵԪ۷壬û뵽ҲɹԪˣǿϲɺذ
аˣ
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˻ƽǰǿ飬ɫͻҲһ
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ڵʵѾԪǰڣҪֵĻκη
ƶȶ㶼ͬԪǰڣټϹ䣬ǵʵǿ٣
˵ؼͬ򵥣ǿ϶ѾƳ˶ѪʬҪԸؼҵĻǱҪһܵļƻңĺؼ֮кسغҲǵ˼ٰ磬Ǹثh
˵˫΢Уһâò
ڣʱӦ
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Ӧһ漴һżҴҵ뿪ˡ
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ܵܣǽǸʲôأȶĸ첲ŷֱĥ䣬ʵ
ǣʲôȥ
쵭ԵҪǮǱߴϢҪԸؼҵĻҪ뽫Щ˺ѪʬһǱ򶼻Ϊɭ޵
Ǻðɣû£ƶãСߣǳȥ£
ȶһǵһأҳȥ£
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Ҳû
ͷ漴Ц˵ȶС㣬ܲܲҪٽСˣ
У
ȶǶȻҡͷ˼ϲôеأˣҲŲԸأ

ʾҲһͷߣڳĻ»Ϊȶһء
ȥɣ
ʱ˵ʲôҵϣʮƱӦù˰ɣ
˵䣬컹ֱóһƱȴֱӱȶһ˹ȥЦӴû뵽ܵôǮأһӾóʮҾͲŶǣ߰ɣԩͷǿɲҪʡǮŶ
ȿȡ
ЦãܿƶԼŮȶĴߴ³ȥʱԺ⴫ŮһЦ֮Ȼ໥䲢ûκ衭
Ա󣬻Ǽʱס
ŤͷɫԸûҵòҪ뿪벽
ǣ
˹Ӧŵ˿
ʱŴſ񽣺͹ȥԱߵһԺӣҲרΪģҲõĻᱻʲô˴š
䣬ҿƺлҪ˵Ժºʵ
ǵģа٣
˵ͷ˵дʱ䣬ڴڼΪ˸ѰҩģҲ˺öط䷢һɽȣԣ±ڵԪ۷ʮʮʱ䣬ܹ֮ͻԪǰڣҲȫԵǴɽȣ


640 ɽȣɫͷ
ǾԼĪǧһɽУ濴ɽûκرΪϡʶûʲô˻ߡ
ڹ˵У죬飬񽣣ƶȶһͬ˴
׼ģҪעؼҵܷԱûи
е֣Щľһ
ɽУ黷ΧĳһƬ͵ҶָĦ˼£Ҷʱ̱ƣ·˲㾭һƵģޱȹ졣
ٷ˵Ĳ
ͷ˵ҲΪע⵽ЩŶרһϸµѰղܷǴɽȵĴڣ
ա
ȴɻȷټ
ȻҲԲһɴΥ֮£ΪǱض˻Ǵ˵Ǵһĳͷпֱܻɥ
ŰСʱ󣬹һɽͣа٣ǸɽȵڣȫƬأ֮ǰٷ˷ֵ󣬶⴦ɽйأ
ǻʲôǸϽȥȶԱߴߴٵ
ߣ䣬·ͷԸ
ǣ
Ӧһֱ붴ڣ˽
붴֮һŨˣôҶһʡ
ЩǺѰģɽȣŻᷢŨ̶ȣʮ࣡
һͷǰ·һ͡
ѵСʮӣֻǰһѾ˹˵ɽȡ
ˮɫʻͷţԴĸо
ռеֱһ𾪣˵Щ̫ŨˣŨ˲ţ֮ȥĺüؾҪŨ֣
а٣֮ǰｨľݣѾ̽ˣ˴ûκΣգ˵
ã֪ˣ
ͷ˵ֻ죬ҲҪ˷ʱ䣬ȥɣǿ񽣣ȻֻǵԪڣϣܹ⼸ʱеͻƣ飬㲻ļ
ٺ١֪ͷЦ
Ұǲ¼֮ʱŵˣ
˵䣬ڿնʮħмٷɳйڼλӡļٴУ˲γɣͬγ˼Ļɽȷֳ֡
ȥɣ
΢΢һЦϲķ֣ΪԪģڴ˴Ȼ˲㱻ȫ䣬ǿռеŨȴû˿٣·ѭڳƵġ
ܹһֱٶȻ٣ֻϧԪ֮Ҫĸ򣡡
˸ѡһʼ붨΢΢һЦһյС
У죬ƶȶԪʵ⣬ǵԪڣȴֻеԪڣ⻹ںһͬȥڣ֮ͻƵġ
ܹ˳ԣĻ˵ž޴ĺôûкؼҵ飬ڼĻò̫ʱ䣬ǶԪ
ֻǣԪûôͻƣҲڵԪ۷ʮʱˡ
ͬˣǷëǣѵһ
ǲΣȻǾǧ˷ѡ

תۣѹ
ǸԵʵһѾ˵ԪڵıԵò˶ñܹɹͻƣڿȻûͻԪȴȻԪ۷壬ҪһǣġȻɣڵʵžԪ۷ȫһҲ첻̫˺
һȫתô᳤һЩȣǸʱĿ񽣾ͬƵġ
ҸղŽӵܽĴţ˵ǮѾϢҵ˺ؽټǻȥж
쿴Ŵ״̬ѹˣ˵ԣǲòھ뿪ˣ
ǻʲô߰ɣ
ߣ
ż˺飬쵱ͷҪ׼֮պõɲǣȴǺȻͨ󷨸оһԵص׵·°ţʱüͷһ壬ɵóԶɽɽ·˹ȥ
磬ôˣ鲻ʵ
˴ʱҲ׷׿죬ɻ

ûжӽͣʱż˳ȥܿɽ·Ԫĳλϻһʮַţ䣬񽣣Ǵ￪ʼڣһֱȥ
үԴˮˣ
ƲʲôѲﻹбأ
ͷ
ûһó۳ڣʲôй䣬Ҳһ𣡡
ǣа٣
ûж˵ҲƲƲ죬Ǻܿ쿪ʼ
Աߣ飬ƶԼȶŮǸӲ⣬ȶҲյߣܵܣòʲôذɣ
ȷкֵĶǱأȱظ󣡡ɫ˵
İ
⻰Ů㿴ңģͷɻ
ʮӣԿ񽣺͹˵ٶѾڵʮףǲ֪ΪΣµޱȼʵ֮νͭǽڶҪӲ࣬ڵޱ࣬ûκͣµ˼Ҳֻܼš
תֹۣȥ˶ʮӣ˲Ųʮңڿ׼ڵɲǣȻһ𣬾ֱӽ˿ȥ˿ܵŨҲ·ܵʲôٳ⴦ӿ롭
ʲô
ˣŴ˴ɽȳֳ澰һǲ⡣
Ҳ֪϶򵥣
ҡҡͷҪ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬱һŽ⻺һɲǣ˶ʱ˫ۣ񿴵ʲô˼ĶƵģһ𾪡
ûɣ
ǰôܣôܻһͷ
ȶ̳񽣸ֲ˲۾Ҫһ㡣
ûµȷһͷһһɫĹͷҪһ㣬ɫͷɢżΪǿҵΧһ˲Ҳ׹֮Դ˴ɽȻôԣԼɽֲôһеԵɶɫͷϡ
⵽ô°
˲ĽʱǽɫͷȻâȥֱӳڵλ÷˹˲һֱǰľ죬鲻Խ֡
ǽɫͷֱסŹֵĸоٴӣȴٴξˣȻ޷ɫͷ봢ָУӽɫͷܹоһֲмһֶڴָĲм
˴ʱҲΧ˹һĴţϧȴ޷˵һ޷ֱͷʲôС
ˣȥˣ
ҡҡͷ˵߰ɣȻȥ˵ͷҾôţ
ĻҲԣʱ·ܿ뿪ɽȣȴû֣ǵ뿪ɽڵۿɼٶʧš


641 Ǯɭ̶
ɫͷ飬һ޷塣
»صԺӺȻһ󣬶˾ȵǣ֮⣬鶼ȥÿֿʱ򣬺ͽɫͷϱͷųһ˵ֱӵ
һҲֻܼţ߷ߡ
ܽ㣬Ǯ˵ʲôʱᵽϣɫǾͷߣʱʱƳһ⣬ԵüΪ档
Ӧþǽˣ
صǮɭ˵ʵźִܿ
ȻûãԺű񽣹ȥŴ򿪣ֻһʮл˽ϴʮֻէһΪĳλɹˡ
Ǯɭ캣Ĵ֮һ캣񣬸ǸڳĲƹܵĲƲ캣֮һ
Ǯɭа٣
Ǯɭ첽ߵǰҪ񣬵ȴǰסˣֻЦǮ粻ضҿֵܣͷӺʦﻹ˵Щˣ˵ҪҸʱǻȥ
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ǮɭŶķ˹֣Ц
Ǯ磬飬㻹ǵһμ
аٷ˺ã
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Ƿһ˿ûκưõһμǮɭҲԵͷ
Ǯ磬ҲˣĿҲ˵ˣܽ˵̽˺ؽڵλãֱʵ
ǵģ
ǮɭͷӹĲ豭󣬻صڽӵаٵķԸұ˳ȥ̽飬շֺؽп˵ǧ￪Ķ̶ΪȷϢʵǰȥ̽շ̶ֶڵķԲ֮ڶ˰мӣЩԺؼң
˶٣ǮɭΪݾߣڹ۲֮ˣҿȷ˵Ǻؽڶ̶
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Щɻ˵һжѾ˴˵Ĵڣɶ̶ж컹ǲôŵġ
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ۣİ̫ˣܵܣʲôʱȶϲʵ
죡
˼һ£˵飬ȥ׼һЩⶾĶձǰȥ̶
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Ҳԥֱӵͷ֮УҲֻǸʦֹڶȻҪȥ׼ˡ

̶Ũ¾֮ˣҲҪС
˴ǽΧļؼֱ֮նɱϢĽУ׼Ľⶾ裬Щ˿壬ܿУǵ룬ⶾ̶ȴǹ߶谵˲٣˲òʮֵľ
һΣȻֻ죬飬񽣣ƶȶǰȻǮɭ
Сģ
һǮɭפѵǰҪķΧһ޷ʱȵĻµԪ֮ҲᱻУΣգ
߰ɣһ㣡
ͷ漴ԪڽŵףߣȴʼһЩ룬ΪľǱ˷׷Ч£Щûκξ⡣
ʲôˣ
ȻԱӳˣֱֳɫΪơ
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ǮɭӦһּĸֻ֮ͬʱǵʬУֻһݴЦѵðһʱѾױɡ
⣬ʧΪһֻʬ𼣵ĺð취
ķΧܴƽףڼҲвٵĺؼ֮һɱ˿ûӰǰٶȣ
ܿ죬˱㴩Ķ̶
ڸղŵƶڶ̶ΧȴһȦ̫СƽأƽŸҪҩģԺǿжƯЩأڣЩ˵ʲôӰ졭
ʲôˣ
̶Χʮؼ֮ˣǵĵʱЩ˵ע⡣
·ˣ
һЦȵһڣȫɱˣ
ϣ
ܿ죬֮⣬˷׷׳ĸɱǿͬŮһƶ˿̶Ҳû˿ԥУʱʱıֱӱ
ЩУʵǿĲԪǵĶ֣
Ӻ󣬳ȺʵǿǸԪ֮⣬ȫʬ壬˵ĵڵϣȫȻûһᡣ
ʲô֣쿴ˣʵ
ҡҽкƽȫǿ־壬˵ʱȻǱղǼӵɱ¾סˡ
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ٴʵʵӦõλͰɣ
ҡǺؼҵͳ֮һ
ʲôؽأ
Ҳ֪ǶϴģֻΪ˿
ƽܿصⶾ̶棬Ѿȥ˺üʱ䣬ûжϵķԸҲҽȥţԾһֱ
뱣סԼС𣿡´źƽɱ⡣
룡룡
ƽͷȴǻһߣаЦǺãңЩ֮⣬㻹ʲôϢֵҷ㣿סŶǧҪƭң򡭡
ңҲң
Ǻƽæ˵ϴڼ͵ͼλϵ̸˵ڽĳּƻһϵ˲ٵˣ˵һƻɹǺؼұԳưݣưԪ½Ҳ⣡
Ŷ
ԣüëһ˵ǲǶ˺Ѫʬ
ҡҲֻԼԼһЩӦòɣ
ƽ˵ˣдλܵĽӴʲôˣݼ˵ǴĳصطģҼǵʱ˶ȫȥӭˣ˺ܸ߰Ҳû⣬һЦ
ţ
ˣɻʲô֣

𣿡
ûûˣ
ðɣˣ
ʼ磬Ǻƽʱ۾һæԥĳɱɿȴֱ׷Ϯȥؽԥһ룬νȫʬ
˼˵ҷ㣬û˵˲ɱ㣡
ʼ磬ŽĿǰĶ̶λ˵ڸô죿


642 ̶ף˺ؽ
ʻ˶һЩ
ȶʱֱ˵ʲôģһȥˣǸкؽļһܽȥѵǾͲУһԪڵѣֱȥ˲͵ˣ
ͬ⣡
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ðɣǾôˣһȥ
ͷ󣬳ҺǮȥȶ㣬ƶһ汣Ϳ񽣣ǵʵԵһЩҪǸʲôΣյĻҲһЩ
ѽܵܣƶһھˣ˼ȶֱۻȥ
Уȶ㣬Ҫҵģ
ҡҡͷȻⶾ̶򵥣룬ΧЩݵĻΪһ֮أƶһҲŻĵģ
ߺߣܵܣˣ
ȶŶ˶ţҲûзĻ
ǱҲȻ˵ĵҪĳʲôĻԻᷢģ
Ǯ磬ߣ
쳯鶪һĵźǮɭһֱͬԾǰĶ̶
̶УֻΧ̶ˮޱȱ䣬ֽĺ⣬˳жӺݺݲ˲
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ģףа٣ȻҺ棬ҪʲôΣյĻҲиӦǮɭصĵ
Ϊ캣а٣ʲôΣգǮɭҪ׵壬һø֪ᰲ
Ǯ磬ҪһЩܸо̶ļµĸоѵ
аٷģǵʵΣվ㲻УܵĻҲûģ
Ǯɭ˵ţ㵱ȼ̶Ǳȥں棬ܰĹ߻УûһˮڵΣڸһ˿ء
ףа٣㷢ûУԽ룬ΧĿռԽˮ񶼺һЩƺжһǱǮɭһ˵
ΣһҪСģ
ͷ˵ߣǼӿٶȣҪҵǸؽ
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˲ٶ˵תԪʱǱٶ˲٣Źȥʮӣǲŵ̶ִףʱ𾪵ķ֣ⶾ̶׵ܣȻͿ˳Ϊһʮƽ׵ʯһרŲһָˮ󷨣γһĿռ䣬Ҹһ˿˿Źֵĺɫâơ
أΪʲôԽЩˮȥһЩԵʣ
컷ΧҪ׼˵ʲôʱǮɭȻָ࣬а٣㿴ǲǺؽ
֮УһճʯУһӰϥɢİĹâڣէһһźɫĹһʱ޷ʵ
֪Ҳûؽˣ
ҡҡͷߣȥ
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ܿ죬˱㳯ȥǸˮ󷨶˵㲻ʲôûʲôֱӴǮɭԽȥһûжʲôƻ
а٣𣿡
֪Ϊʲô˵ĵδǸ˵ע⣬ǮɭǾĿϸʵ
ǡ
üѾǸƷĶˣ벻ǣְɣǮ磡
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Ȼǻ˵ұ֤´βһʧģ


650 ɽɱ¾ثh
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ʮﳤȵѪȣڷȻͷ˵ƽһεľȻοǣǶܿĴӲлָָߴߴ˵֮ʱ뷨ϵĿͬ캣󡭡
Դˣ첢δֱӴӦлǰֱҪͨϿɲУһս˵ʲô
ˣ
ŻʮӣǺȻһߣЦ׼ɣǼ֣
ǣ
ӦŵܿôΧӿܶؼ֮ˣȫûиκһ˵Ļᣬֱչ˹
ܽ㣬㣬ɣҵ뿴ؼҵ˵жôЦ˵
ǣ
ŮӦһȵۻϣ
ʱ֮ٴϮʮﳤȵխʱԵÿտһЩûֵ˱м䣬ۻͽ֮ɢܡ
һѪɱ¾չֿ
磬Ҳȥ
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񽣣Ҳȥɣչ˺ǣ
첢δֹõľٶת񽣷Ը
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񽣵ͷսš
Щ˵ʵʮﳤȵЩҪ΢ǿ֮࣬ΪΪŻÿȥӦȻͷ֣Ͼõʵֻ
ȻӵСԪˮָ壬ǡѩǱϾŽ첻ãһΧĻΣգ
񽣵ĳ֣ü˲ٵΣգûΣյʱ򣬿ҲֻԹԵɱΧؼ֮ˡ
ϾʵҪٵõһЩͷҲǱزģ
ʱ⸽ѪӣµĿжѪȣȴЩüͷ壬ƺԼʲô
״鵱ʵ磬ôˣ
֪ܾúЩԾ
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ĻҲЩɻ󣬺ɵĪǣʱ䣬Ȼ׼ʲôıˣ˵һЩİ磬˵᲻Щйأ

Ĭһ£˫кâ˸˵ˣҪӿٶȣܸؼ̫ʱ䣡
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ɫһ࣬ȵȫȥ߱ɱ˺ߣֱٲ棡
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Ӧŵ֮ƳƲ񷣡
ʱķԸ붯֣ʱΧĺؼ֮˼˵ɱ¾УκѵĿܡ
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ЦЦİɣȻȥ˺ؼׯǳֵʱڣȻָһ£
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ٶȼӿ첻٣ʱѾɽİɽʱиƽ̨ΧӦھĴڡ
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ثhֹô˫΢У
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뿪
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ӦŵҲʱ̾һҲգȻҪˣǱپͳȫ㣡
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оſ𽥼٣˵Ƴ˽ⶾ裬Ȼһܹ򶾣ȴܹһЩãټÿԪǿнرƳثhĶ𵽸еЧ


651 󷨣ѪĽĮ
Ļثhεı˫ۡ
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ثh̾ɲԸң׺ؼô٣Ҫֱ֮٣
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Щ㵣Ī㸸׺һ㶼û㣿
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ثhҡͷʵ֪ľǺؼЩ飬ҶйأֻǸ˽ԵɣҲû˵飬ЩҲһֱǺثhޱȾԭڣ
˵ģϣؼܹƽܹ֮ĹϵǾ͸òˣֻϧӽյľºؼ֮ѾǴﵽ˲ݵĵز
ûȥĸף
ûнͣثhסˣҺһ£ȴҲԲ£Ǻؼ̫֣캦飬ǽҲ
顭
ڰ֣˵ѵثhǱˣܹô˵ɲ֪˭ţ
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ĻޱȼᶨʱҲһ䣬ܿͨ㡣
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쵯ָ䣬ʱثhιȥ˻Уĵ֪㲻뿴£տȻҸطȽһж˺ؼ˵ˣֱɱˣ
ܿ죬ǰӵӣҲ޷κЧ¾ثhؼС㶼ûκγȵ˼ϡ

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һΧûκĻ鲻ĵ磬ôˣѵʲôԾô
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ĻһǾ޻ɵţҲ⡣
캣֮ˣаٵķԸǲκεĻɣҪ֪аٿƿ캣ִӣиҲߣСᱣס
ȥ۲һ󷨣ǶһЩ
˵һ㻺߳ҵĲȴԵüΪɫҲڴʱȻ˼㣬ܹо󷨵Ĳ򵥣òʮֵľ
ʱɽɽۺؼׯׯ԰ڵĳطذԱȴվİӣǴŰɫľװһɫ磬ͬǣмǸӵԵɫ˿ߣ˵ͭɫ˿ߡ
мΪĮ򽪼ҵĵϵ˽Ҷ١
ǽĮĻֱΪ뽪·
ڽҽӵɵԮ󣬽ұǰæĮó֮ʱס󷨱ǳԽĮ֮֡
Ȼ򽪼Ҳİˡ
ֻǣؼ֮У˺ذ⣬û֪Į˵ʵ
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ĮָǰһӰĻԲӰ񣬵ʵ
ԲĻڵһȫչ˳صȻҲǷϣֻԲĻֻܿӰ񣬶
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ĮԣǸ߰ЦЦ˵ҽĮ󷨿ɲʲô˶Ƶ˵ģؼ֪Ҿƾ󷨶ǼʦȶĵһԪĴ綼һһҹ޷󣡸˵½֮ˣ
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ѵԼ֮ǰˣߺԵʲô
һƽ۲졣
硭
ʱ˹Ҹоڰмǣ
ڹܲôˣ
ڰֻ֣Ҫҽȥʲô˶еģ飬Ǵңˣ׼Ҷ
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ǻһĨϰԵаЦȻʩչ˼£˫֮УһŹɫǺ飡
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һЦԪӿʱûһʮ׵ɫȻУɫܿռĲֱӳǰƬֱϮȥ
죡
ʱֲĺͬԭӵըһ㴫ЩʵԵĿռ仯һƬɢܹоռĿֲѹȣ˸ԶòתԪеֿ
ɫʧɲǣֻǰһȻһƬ̲Χ֮С
󷨣ˣ
΢΢һЦֵǰؼׯǰˣ
ͬʱؼׯׯ԰ڣǱĽĮ󷨱ƵɲǣһѪֱ˳ҡҡ׹Ա߽뽪·˲ʱѾڵˡ
ȻˣĮȻԵЩήңȻ󷨱ƣ֮ҲܵһЩƣ
ôܣôܣ
ĮŵѾʧ˵ԲĻ૵ҵôܻᱻһ½֮׵Ƶ

ﰵȻЦ׼˵ʲôɽĮȴֱŤͷ۳ɣұ죡㲻˵ǸĲôʲôˣֻһ½֮ˣôƵҵ󷨣
⡭
ԣЩŭȴκα֣æ˵Ǹûʲôߣ˲Ҳ˵ôǿôܱƵ
ɣԣһɣ
Įܿ˺ɵĽͣ˵ͬҼһֻôԼаοܿȴ˫ĿĺһҪɱһҪ


652 ؼׯ
ؼׯռɽۣŴɽ۵ɽ෶Χкؼ֮˾סɽȫǺؼҵ˽еһ㡭
ƿ֮죬ΪʹúԵʣ΢һЩڵҩĲУҲܿĻָ
һͬؼׯ⣬ǰټһׯ԰ЦؼҼֱǵ˵һ㣬ׯӿҼˣ
ȻڻԪ½ϲûǻȨڣǰؼׯ֮󣬿ʹҲ˶١
ؼׯſ֮ʱǹرյĴŻ˿ʮ˴Ȼ߳ԵΪ룬ʱü뻨׵߲
һߵյģʣһֻұۣǵڱݻԪʢĺؼҴϺذأҲǺؼҼɵܵܡ
һˣЦݣһ֪Ц滢Ǻؼҵɡ
ɰض˵ĳ֣˫΢У˸ĺâ
֮ǰֿܶܣȴû뵽ذؾȻӭӣϳֳЦݣƺǳӭδһ
λ˰ɣ
ɳ칰˹֣һߵ飬ԼŮЦٹȻø᲻ʵǿм㣬Ϸʮ꣬˵Ҫһˣ
٣С㣬ǡ
ذҲ˵ͷʾһ£һɻ󲻽ģ
ؼسϣͲװģ˰ɣ
ЦǲҪɱҶ𣿻кسϣڻԪʢϣʦͺؼ֮ǰԨԴһǺؼҾȻ𱨣ʦжǺؼңѵһͶû𣿡
ʲôĪǰжˣ
ذװĺ𾪣ôܣĪǰǱˮɲöνµһˣôжôû˵
ǰ٣ɲҪǣ
Ҳ˵ǺؼҶĪǰŻнգĪǰǶɽҺؼеӶ֣˵ˣʲô֤ݣˣǼܲԵ飡
û磡
˺ذصĻ쵱ЦЩȻû֤ݣȻ֪ɣذأֱڹ磡ٰ£ΪҪ֤𣿡
˵ٴ˴ҪΪĪǰˣ
Цݲ䣬֮ǰ˿̸Գɱ
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ʼ磬ĵؼƶ˺Ѫʬأݡ
ȵȡ
û˵꣬ɱʱִϵ٣˵Ҫεģƶ˺ѪʬʲôôûҲ֪ǵ״ӺδõϢҲ֪ΪʲôҪԩǺؼңǸҼסˣҺؼҲʲô˶ܹ赽ͷϵģ
Ǻǡû˵
ЦɰɣôҲǺؼҼѵҵôˣ治֪ôϼģǿɱ̾
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ɫһ٣û֤ݣǾͱԩˣΣҿԿĪǰϲ׷뿪ɣǺؼҲӭǣ
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Ŷô
һ˿вȴЦĪǻ׼ȫ˲ɣ

ʱӺؼׯ߼ͬʱһЦű캣ǮɭԸԴ˹Ǻذ˵ɫüΪѿ
ɣôĿҵ뿴ʲôԲмЦ
Ǻˣ
ɿһ۲ԣҺؼ֮£ʲôϵ
캣󱱲ԣ
Ե˵ԱλǮɭ
ʲô
˲ԵĻɶʱɫ˲䡭
벻Ȼ캣Ĵеλͬʱ
а죡
ɺȻĿϣ֮ǰڱݳڣȻذشĪˮĿ֪飬֮ҲͺһֱûôϣϾǺؼվŵģ򽪼ң
Ǳ٣
ƽûһ㲨
ɣذأպؼұˣͶٻһޱ˵
֮ǰἰĪˮжԼڶ˺Ѫʬ飬Ǻɶڹǿ첢κ֤ݿ˵ЩݣҲܹúؼҶ΢˼ɼ֡
ǸղűֱӶ֣ǻԵɲ֪ݣϾ֮һֱûбٲúؼҵ˶ʲôĻ߹˼ɣаٵݣԸؼҵǴȥǿϾаŵļп
Դǰа֮֮󣬵аٶϵ˻ûһܻ
а٣ΪҺؼҵ۸
Ȼ˵ݶˣҲûЦݣҺؼһģ캣аٻǹ٣ʲôҺؼҾԲʹҪսս
ãȻˣǾ͹ֲˣ
΢˫ֱۣӺȵҶ֣ؼ֮ˣɱ⣡
ǣ
Ӧŵʱǰȥγһúذضʱɫ˲䣬ôҲû뵽ĻֱӶ֣
Ҳ׼
ؼ֮ɱ
źɵһȣӺؼׯΧʱӿˣ׼ֱϮƬ̼ؼׯչһͻսǧ˻һ𣬸ֺֽ֮ɱ֮ڶ
û飬񽣣ԣǱˮأԼҵʮ˶ûΧɢĸֻսǵɫҲʱüΪȻ
棬ذصɫҲޱƿҪγˮһ㡣
̶̲ʮӵʱ䣬ʮ˵ȫʬû£͸˵˵ˡ
һʱ䣬ǳɽ۱µĿУʱҲԽԽŨѪϢԽҡ
磬ǿ¼ֲ˶೤ʱ䣡
ذעսЩġ
Ѿ뵽һ㣡
ɳ˵Щ˲ǼһЩʱ䣬ʹȥ²Żɣܣûϵؽ
ûأ
ذҡҡͷصԴϴ뿪󣬳˴һϢ˵̶ǱߵƷɹ⣬ûκϢҵģǲҲʲô⣡
²鷳ˣ
Ħһ°ͣǶ̶ǱߵϢ𣿡
һ㶼ûУ
Ѿɱˣ
ɳֲøղ˵ôĵҿǰʱ䷢飬ЩѲ˸ϵˣɱ
⡭
ذԶʱɫһܲԸţɲòϣĿԡ
һʱ䣬ذ˶ɫԽȻ˵Ŀźεɱ


653 ɱؼׯ󷨣
ΧĻսԽԽңɱ۾ЩˣΪ캣֮ˣۿԼҪɱҪ˸סøʩչһĻᣡ
Կ֫ϱۣѪ·޹һѪƵģǴ̱ǵѪȸ˶ּơ
񽣣ܽ㣬㣬Ҳȥɣ
ɨһˣĵסҪ飬ɱһһ
ǣ
ӦһֱǸԵרЩؼ֮ɫ˲䣬ȴ˿ķ񣬲Ȼһ¾ͻΪ»Ұ
ǵļ룬սʱӼңգۼкüУǻɢ⣬սٷ̬ļ֡
ؽ裬ÿһζһ˱ݺײɣֱӱնϣѪһأɿȴûһֵͣ˼վʩչ£ΧЩؼ֮˼ýߵϣȻʲô˺صĲǳһЩɫӡӰˡ
ܣʶǸ󺺣ָſ񽣣ʵ
ʶ
ذغܿػصڻԪʢֻǼһ棬ЩӡҼǵãƺΪү֪ǲ캣λרŸĻ
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̾һſɱͬйһɣɵ˫оͲֳһĨɱȻԼòǾɱˣ
ôذʵ
ȵȡֻҪɱ󲼺ãǽӵѶϢɳȥɳ˵˫Եɱ⡣
ðɣЩˣ˻Щ
ذΧȻˣȴûκεıʾ˵ĵ׾͸ƲЩˣˣ٣Ͳһ˵ɱĸɾɱɾˣǵԪĿҲܴԺؼżĺô
ϡ
ء
ֵ֮ⳡսƺûͣµ˼ԷɱǱ㲻ݣ
ǧ˵սҪɱһĻʱҲҪĲ١
ָγؼׯĽؼҳأ
ܴ磬Ǯ磬Ǵͷ棬Ȳȥ˵˼һ
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ǮɭӦһ漴Եӿɲǣʱźؼׯׯ԰ſڳ˹ȥؼ֮ˣ˿ûκ֣һ֮佫赲֮˽ɱһ֮С
һͬ÷Ȼõȷʮ˸ں棬⻹캣¼ٳׯ԰ſڳȥ
һ·ϣҲؼ֮Ҫһȴȫ˵ԪʵĲǮɭˣĳ֣Щؼ֮Ҳȫ޷ֵȫûκЧ
磬ã
ذؼ״ʱɫ䣬æǳˣǾǵĶ֣
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ߣܣǽȥ
׼ĿԼֵˣɹЩҵģذһͬׯ԰֮С
ɣ
״ʱμ٣ǧýһâֱָɺ󱳡
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׷
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Ȼ䣬ֻǰһ䣬ԭӦǻ԰ĸȻĻ⣬жȵϢоǿҵΣ
ֻţ˶Ȼʧټ
磬һˣ鵹û˿ңƽ˵

ͷӦɱ󣡿֮ǶҺ֮ǣҸɱ˱Ĳݰ
ؼҵѵֱ£ü΢˵ӦðѵǴǼΪ
Ӧþˣ
ͷû´Ļ֮ǰǸԼɱͬһΪؼҵȷҵ˲ĿɽֻϧǻԪ½򣡻ֲЩţ
飬ȱԼ󣡡
ãҲģ
΢һЩ֮棬Ҳ׷ġ
ŴŴš
䡭
ʱ䣬ΧЩſռѣԶؿһɽ緢ͷ֮ϣֳһƬѪʣ·һǿĿֲѹɫʱȻ˼㡣
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ǻԵĹӦüвֵĿռԣٶȾô죡
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һĮƽһЩ˫ӡٶԽԽ죬ӯ̣֮һɫĹâתǽȾһƵģޱȿ񱩵Ϣ


654 󣬽Į֮ŭ
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656 񽣱Į̰
սޱȼң̶̲ʮʱ䣬ԺбѾѪϢؼׯҲԽԽ˿ʼۣüͷӽ壬ʱϵԽǽԽԽ
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ȻʱһĿ񽣺ȻڿʮмүоԼǿ˺ö࣡ɱˣɣ


657 ˣĮ֣
ĿȻԪڵʵǽ׵ĸ̩ͬɽѹһ㣬ǻӽǳȭȣޱȿ񱩵ľ磬ýºͽ·˲òȫȻˣǻǱεֻۣһѾŪˡ
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Ҫܣȥɣ

񽣵ĴЦ̺ԪɢΧ˸öĤ𵴣ʱ񽣾ͬ˶Ը׶԰СƵģƼ򵥱׾ĶȴܹǿЧýºͽ·㲻϶ȴҲʼ޷ѳ񽣵ĹΧ

˸䲻ϵĽţǿг˿񽣵һȭһٶ˼£һ㲻ΧſתҪٶȸ񽣴ȥ˺
о仰˵úã书Ψ첻ƣȻȴһʣ޼᲻ݣ
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зһĨϷʣȴ߻ȥ֮һҪȥҰ÷λúõ˵˵

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˵ĵڣֻҵĺ촫ԭǿۼץסᣬڽºͽ·΢仺ɲǺȻ֡
ؽ֮дŴݻһеƣ˼ʱֿ־Ϯ޷ܣòηˣԻǹɾĹ
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ΣʼնǵԪ۷ǿߣΣĹͷǷԽƽԪתһǿӿ񽣵ȭ˳
ǼˣڵϺȻϺѪɫܹǿվ⣬һս֮ûˣ
ʮʱ䣬õԪ۷ǿ߱ģ鿴Ŀɿڴ˭ǿôһԪ֮Ϊ
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Į˿̰֮ɫңͨĿѪһ˵ͨĿѪֻܼӣһָȻԱʲôӵӰ죬ʼҲӲѾƣ֮УǼһﶼѾʮˣ⡭ֱ̫ϲˣ
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Į˲ɫ䣬æһеĳˣκĳȻץסֻ˿ſ񽣵ĿԽԳ˼ӡ
ʱһĮᣬΪղſ񽣵ȭҲ˺ü٣Ȼһ֮Ȼһ·磡
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ŵ˵ûлشֻǰͷ󣬱ֱӼ٣ǧý㳯ǰĽĮϮȥ
ϴɱ֮еõǧýϿɣǧýĿƸӵӦ֣ܹоӽϴԼԼһΪ֮ϲѡ
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ƫƫƶԸһ𣡡Цɫ·Ƕϸ˾Ե볰

Ҳûĸ첲˿ûϸǱЩѿɫȻҳƽ첻ޣ

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⣬г˼ͬʱȳҪɸߺŭԣͣ£ľǲһУһҪŪ

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680 ŮѦ
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⻰һͰٻȵĽ׳Ȼ֪ǰλЦݵߣҲûб濴ô򵥰
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ڳϢһ£ȥݷһⲢݳڵˣ綫ĶżҶŴүӣּ־óүӣϳķҼ츴ȵȣ˹ȥպ̳ڤȥ
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ڳƣƺʾһ㣬˿ûбֳκγСļӣȴ鶼Ĺ˲٣ٲٶԣ䳰ȷˡ
ٶȺܿ죬Ϊг֮־Եʣһ·ϺƽΪ˳Ľ˺ڤķΧ
·ϵʱУΪƵʾãĹ׽˲٣ֻҪ漰죬ǻͬƵģﵽôģҲֻԼ֪ˡ


689 ٻˣƵ𾪣
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ΪаɷӶŵıаɷɽׯȻɭϣЩ˵㲻ʲôҲֹһΣΨһ˵ĳȴΣȻɫƽȻԾ˵Żȴžȡ
ȻѾһСĴڣ
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ܿ죬֪ϢľκȻ˸˹쾪ȵǣξȻľĸ첲չһˣҲΪ˸еˡ
ҪǣκȻߣһֱѣͬȸİ°׷ﾹȻҲܵĺκȻվһƺɾһµԧ졣
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һߣׯ԰йʱȴΰ׷˵ĽУԽԭҲѣȴȻĺڤӵĺϵѯŹаɷӶŵĸſ
ŮȻ㲻аɷ֮ˣΪľκȻĹϵҲʮϤֻҪϵаɷӶܣǶʵ棬ⲻóƣ鶼аɷӶ˸εʶ
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ٴһǲλۣҪﵽֵز˵ˣ׳ҼҲܣϾһᲵӲѣܹȴһ⡣
ʱĳƣ𾪵ͬʱҲ˸ĺ档


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ڶ죬뿪˺ڤֱȥѧԺȻֻھռ棬Ҳûֻߣðٻ˵ĺʫĿ
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תۣѾˣڶʱ뿪ȥˮɽðȻ˵üޣȷǰԽԽãˮɽİȫҲκ⣬ʶܹķ̵
ͨǧýϲһ콫˱Ϊʺħ֮ĳˣڶȫ΢һֶֻһ˲Żᣡ
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ʱ䣬˺ܶ࣬ԺкŬӡģ΢΢һЦҲδٶʲôֻĳЩʱȥһ£ϼӴ
ְְ֡֡
ʱԶ˹켱æֲһ罫ӡħƵȫ֣ȥ
ԶСӰٶһԼĪ꣬һȴʮ꣬ȻСӣٶȴǼ죬ʱ䣬Ѿǰ
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Ѿͷֱ˵ϣһһҵռĻ绹ãϵؽšְ֡ͬʱȫ˼Сȴˮϴʧ֮⣬ûôʱֿȫˮʱȻǰʪ
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һİοţûͣ˼ҲܵӰ죬۵һ˳Ǹβѡ
ڣȥ˰ʱѾͷ΢סˮɺǳҭǿ޺˵۾죬ҧ촽Եޱȿܵ˶ίƵġ
ԽۣѾͷڻУָ׵θŮǸθ
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찵̾һŮǲſ

ı֤Ѿͷ¶һĨЦݣҲһͳ׼õļѾͷڱϳţԼĿڽ̿ϡ


691 ۣͻƣ
һʱ䣬ú⣬ÿָѾĺʫħ֮⣬󲿷ʱ䶼ɰŮ棬Ǻڤռڵĵطһ飬רȥһˮɽѾðǽչ״̬顭
ְ֣ҵļȳ꿩
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ЦŻֽܺһӦȫ˳ڿǰЦǺǵ׼տ
Ҳŵŵŵ˹Ա߾ؿţСûǰԼҵ򣬺һ˾ԵĿĹʶѾͷ˶۰֣ѧԺ϶ǿŮһԴ
ʱŨζ鿪Ѿͷ˫۷Ź⣬СҰҰɵģʿˮܹ
ԴˣֱЦá
ӣĴҲ˿ȣ϶ԣ绹ϲᣬ׼֣ѾͷĻϲѡ
磬ˣ
ʱһ˹ʮ˳߿˹֣СҲڣ׿֮׷磬Ժү֮ƽԼϳǷҷ츴֮ӷܵȵȣȫˡ
ôˣúʲôûĵ
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һЦѣϰ̬ȵ˿Ϊ⣬ֱ̺ݺӵһ¡
ÿǶÿְڸտأ
ܲţϵȣŲܶԷʲôأдŰְֿȵˣǻ
ÿûҼС𣿡
ƿˣǺݺݵһۺżտǣ֣ĳǵۣƺֻҪǸٿĻǾͲˣ
Դˣ˾ǴЦѣȴ˶ǶѾͷϲ
УѺҲȻڳûЩƵĳ˫ЩԹȴֱĵҲ֪ǲΪ֮ǰƵӰ죬ϽһĪĸоſ˿߽˲һƵġ
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棬ٻȵĺʫ裬ޣ㣬ͮԼˣټҲ˹е˵ģԺֳŻֵա

ʱһߣˮɽϣŰ÷й䣬ȻҲǿеʱ򣬱Ͼ÷ˮɽŮƹͷϹԶԼĪˮͼõ˵ճ˿
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˰ǵת˲ʮΪⲻ򵥵ʮ꣬ŵ˵൱һֱԲȱչؿ޵ʮ꣬ûһ˷ѡ
УϵӿΪģ·γһֲХڴʱʵҲ˾ϲͻƵԪڲõȴΪǵԵʣȻ˳˵Ԫ۷塭
ҪͻԪǲеģԶ˵ΪǹˣҪһ
αչأȶͻƵʵ֮⣬Ҫı򣬳ؽԪ
Ԫ֮˵һ޴ĿûлԵһӶᱻòͻƣͬŴү˵ͷϹԶˮ¶үӸ޷˳ͻơ
ȴȻڱչ֮ǰϹԶĪˮ˵Խ̵ྭѾȻģټˮԼΪðǵԵΪѾˣԲûڣֻҪˣžԿ˳ͻƳɹġ
Ȼһ˲䣬ԭжȻһЩϢبžԶԨԴһ˾ǻΧЩʱܵĳ޾ˮһ㳯ӿ롭
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ͻأģһֽͬƵԭѾȶڵԪ۷ƣȻٴһ㵭Ĺ⻪һ˲Χռ䳹ںһƵģޣ
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ܵڽ֮֮ǰ͵ת¶һĨϲɫ΢΢˷ܲѡ
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ĪˮûĶһۣ漴Цǰõֱ㳯ȥС˵۾ߡ˼ٳԺ֮ǰĪˮŤͷϹԶ˵ˣϹ٣ɲ뿪ҪʱעҪΪͻʲôΣյĻ㿴᲻ᷢ裿
˭ǳСӣ
ϹԶһ䣬ĪˮͼõѾԶˣϹԶøǺֱɣݺݵСӣΪ㣡Ӽסˣ´μʱôʰ㣿


692 Ů˼ҹ
硭
Ȼһ磬˭ңǧ֪
磬Ⱦƣܣǲ飡
ǣȣ㿴˼СˣòŮ˶Ȳϰɣ

һƬЦʱŤͷЦ׵Ͷ˵һۣеľһں꣬Ҳȥ˭ڰֱվȾͺȣЩСӣҼסˣϾˣǧȻĻٺ١
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Ц˵ֱӽƺУһһӵǰ˵磬һôֱӸˣ
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ƣԥֱӷźڣ๾ĶţʱһƱֱӽ˶ӣʱΧ֮˷׷ƽкãҲʾڴڵĹţնʱڴʱҡ
ΪҶС㣬ƺͷһβμûйصᣬȿʼЩӦ˺ȴȫ˼ӣһһƬ໥֮Щ϶ͶˣҲһһƽĽţĺͬ׽һ㣬óƸܵһǰδеů⡭
ҪǣһһĽ˿ͳƵĿⶼЩ죬иԹȻѺˡ
ڰٻǱߣ˺ʫ֮⣬Ľ㣬ͮҲɿļֵֻգСڰٻȳŮûкô׽ǳñͺߵĵҲֺܶ࣬ţŮܵһִδйĻ֡
һֱϣɫ׻谵ϰٺƣڿЩûԶ٣ȴޱȵңȵ˴ǲŮ໥ӵţȫ˻ֵĺ󡭡
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ʱ컳УƤƤʼܣЩૡ
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ЦЦһǣ磬ʹһ˵һѾͷ뷿С
Ϊ̫ģֵ̫ƣԵʣѾͷڱϴܿ磬˯ţľ飬ȫ۰

ҹʱ֣˷˴뿪ʫǻȥԼľϢҲȥ˾ռ䣬ڻеҲƵͬϢȥˡ
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ҧ촽˵үүǰ鶼ˣС
֮飡ӿڵ
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һүү޲Ȣӣһ֦ɢҶڼȥ֮үү϶ǵ˶ϱúεĿ⣬˵һ㡣
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ðɣҳҵȷио
һЦǾãĺô׽ãһѵͲ±˵лּңͬô𣿡
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ߵǽԼ飬ֲ˵ڼүү͸ҲԲᷴԣѾעҺͽһӾͻͬһˣǸˣ㣡

ٴһҲ֮ף˵죬ŵĻȥʦʦȻݷȲ켫ʥǰϵҵ飬ʦû˵׼һΣʦ׿ں˵ģ
Ҫô죿ЦѾˣҲ֪Һܰ
Ҷʮ꣡
Ѻ˵ʦ˵һʮ֮ǰıһŮˣôҲͻʱ䣬ǲΣ
ôģЩס˵ʵڵģ뵽ʮ֮ǰΪ˵Ůˣĵ׻Щ
ܼ򵥣Ͷ㵽ǲǽעˣ
˫ۣ˵һιϵһĶעԸ𣿡


693 үү˾շȣ
תۣҹö¶Լֹȥʱ䡣
Уǳÿھռ֮⣬ʱһ䵱֪Ԫǿ֮ǸĽҲû˿ĴһЩ飬̶̼ʱжջķᡣ
ǰ˴ѧϰħ֮ļˣҲǽ뵽˺˳ĳ̶ȣÿ˶˶ħʦʵǱļħʦĳƣҲ弶ħʦֵһ˵ıƣ֮ѰŨٵȴųΪħʦ츳Ҳӹע
ʱƼеʱ䶼˿ӡħƵУҲǻ첻ˣɹĽ뵽ħʦľأ쿴ôȥĻ಻һ£ƱӦܹΪļħʦ˺üʱŴﵽĳ̶ȡ
ûһ㽾һֱԵޱǫ飬˶ޱȵĺøС
գٸ˽һЩħ֮Ľ֪ʶһӰȻ沽룬ü뻨ף·л˿κ̬үүԨүӡ
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ЦţʱԺ㴫˿ֵЦΧռ䶼һֺĹΣ

үү
תȥ컹˼Ÿ˵ǰ֮ʱһǲִżٴŤͷȥһϴˣŲΪĵ˿ٶ
ˣǵںڤй֮ԵģΪ˾µ˾շ硣
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ԶʱҲסˣʱȻ𣬡磬ˣʲôմʲô˰


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˾ռ壬ڻԪ½һʮصȺɽ֮УǲнΪصһû˾ռ֮죬ûжܹҵõ
ݴ˵˾ռһ󣬿Խ˴ͨǸصĵطǷĴڣǷ壬ǾͲö֪ˡ
ⱻΪɽȺɽ֮Уһڼɽſʱ̾ܣڶȴһСˣ˾޹ԼǵĶ˾롣
˾뻹һ꣬Ȼ޹ʱ̱ڻУֻСһﲢûѰСǰ֣ǰһ˫ˮĴ۾·ޱȵƵģԵúǿɰ
˾һΧʯڣЦ޹Բ𣡶̫С˾ǼһˣĸҲ˾Բǰ
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޹΢΢һЦ˿κΰԹ˵ʲôʱֻҪһһͺã¾ֻҪܺһ޹Ҳ޺ˣֻϧôС

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ܿ죬˱˹㳡ϣ㳡ΧۼԽԽµ˾ռ֮ˣֱϵϵˣ׷ڴˣСָָ㣬߸ŭѡ
Ͼ˾ռļ˾պҲ㲻Ϊ磡˾ռڻԪ½ϵĵλ˲٣һﶼףû˾պλĻ˾ռ±֮Ӳ硣
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˾һȣ˾޹ֱ𱻰һϣеСҲһߡ
˾޹߱壬֮Լ̣֮˿˾ԴǵĴţֻ·ȷһ㡣
˾ţһú˾λǲҪƭˣһĹεļһ
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700 죬˾ĵƣ£
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701 ˾֮ϣ
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702 ˾֮£
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һʱ䣬޹ܿ˿ѩƵĿǹ죬䷽Ҳ˵İƽˣ궼ѩƵĻֱš
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磬ɩӣǿɲ֪޹ǼڳˣҲϲ飬ܿĵ伮϶ˣ
ܿڱЦ˵漴ֺʵ޹ƽʲôôֻö죬ɾ벻أ
磬汿
ܿһЦ漴ƽ򵥵˵һ飬ܿҲܿޱ𾪵Ťͷѩ˹ȥұѩƵ죬ҪĻ֪˿»Ϊܿɫء
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𾪺ĿУЦڽһ䣬ȻҲûƭˣ˵ľʵ飬ڹƽצ飬ǾͲ˵ˣûΧ˾ռ
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Ļ˾ջɽиֳһĨϧ̾СǿʤΪ֮ʵԵʣǼȫĶֻϧԼԲŵľ棡˵Ҳգ˵Ҳգ
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˵䣬ϹԶռʧһ˼˾ջɽվԭأþδ

㳡ϣһɳ˾ΧŵĽת˲ֳһ֮ǰ˾ΣʱǽȴҪӵ׳Ҫǣ˾ʵȻڴ˿ֱ˵Ԫڣһʮȶٻʱȥȹ̾硭
ˣν֮ʹȻ

ʱ˾ջɽٴμٶ˾˶ʱүү
˾ռ֮УѾĸ֮⣬ֻ˾ջɽãһүүȻҲǷġ
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704 ֮λټұ֣
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ŹұֽƱߣŴһӣбȫ˴ָУڹұֵȥ˵¾ƽѣԸ׼һЩȺǱƽò⣡


705 ӣת˲
㹻ıڵڶص˼ѧԺ֮УȻûȥռ䣬ص˾޹ǰסԺӣרŽһľЩħ֮ĺʫܹʱȡá
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ŵѺƺҲ쵽ʲôöһۣͬʱ¶һĨɬЦݣֱ仯ڴ˿ҵȴû˷֣Ȼ֮⡣

ε̾һҺϲûй涨ʲôһһޣбµ˸ŮˣѾ޷ıʵ˭ϵأ

תۣµʱôȥ
ڼ䣬԰ٻȵˣʫ裬ޣ㣬ͮԼ㣬ټϳƺ˶Ѿ˿ӡħƵķָпνһǧǱϾħʦױʦԼͨ߸ѣʶħʦʵҲ㲻̫ߣֻǿмħʦжѡ
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֪ģ콫үүҲ˵ˣͱʾҪһȥֻ첢δӦϾǱ߸ΣգȻʵѾͻ˲٣Ҫʲô飬Ǻڶˡ
ѺöʱȴֳԾ
ͨһӶ֪Ĵڣʦʥߣô֪ܲΪ֮Ԫ½Ӹ߼Ľ棬ȻΣҲкܴߣʵȥǱ߿ԱЩ⣬ʶһֱûȥǱ롭
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һʱ֮䣬Ժеƺ˲٣ŮĿⶼ죬û˿


706 ѡټ
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ղ͵ЦãӺˣԽԽ鷳ˡ
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켱æ˵Ԩȴź룬΢Ц˵ʲôطΣգ֮ˣˣΣȻΪǺãҲΣ֮У
ԨĻŮͷȴȻЩԥʱԪİȴڱ˵Ѷһͬȥɣע˵ģ㲻ǰĻ˵һһأ

ʥϧҲ֮׵Ҳһǵδ϶ڻԪ½ʺǵĵط
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֪֪Сæٵص˵ԴΨִӦƵġ
գǾ˴һСĸŮһͬǰ򣬲Ҳ֮ˣʱȴں棬үүôͷһ
ɻλûȥӽʲôһͷˮȴֲǿֻεʼ硣

תǼȥΪҪȥԵʣѺԪİϧߣ˵Ǹѵһʱ䣬ٳ֮ǰٽŮͻԴ첢δ˵Ͼʵܹڶʱ֮еİȫҲһЩ
飬ҲȥˮɽʦĪˮĽ̵үүԨͷϹԶλҲܿ뿪ˣȥ˺δҪʲô첢֪Ҳû˵ûʡ
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ȴԽʵһЩէһûʲô˻ῴֻһ壡
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Ц˵ҶȴǺܹĳ칪Ҷʦ壡
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ڰֵ˵Һ಻ʦ壡
Уܷϣ
ʱɫҵֵܣȻҶʦ壡
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ˣǵıɣ
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ڵڶֵѵˣҪͻԪ֮һģ
ĻȻһԼͷǰһˣϸ磬˼ʱȷ̫࣡ⲻһָħ֮
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˼һ˵ϸ磬ʵ֮ұҪȥˣǱߴ̫ã
ȥ򣡿ֵȷܲװ
ЦЦ˵ֵܷģ໨Ѱʱ䣬֤ʲô⣡ң϶֮Ҳа
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ЦŵͷȴҶȥˣ
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ܿ죬Ҷ˱ʧǱ壬Ҳô鷳ԭس˼š
ԼѾ˴飬ѣټͬȥ򣬿Ѿͷָô죿
ѵߣѾͷÿ
һͬϵĻȻȻԣȥôΣյĵطʲôĻǿ޷ıȷһͷ۵⣡
ҪɴȽͻԼȥ
۾һ˵ǱվȽŸ֮ٻ
ΪԪԼҵˣǡаﵽٱʵŻȥ֮Ҳʲô⣬ǵ粻Ը⣡
Ȼȥʣܹ鶼ʮˣӦûҵѴģ
ε̾һ漴ȴӡħƵĺʫߣЦŵͷ˵ĽҲ⣬û֮ǰ׷ѡ


707 Ĳ㣡
飬ȥһˮɽʦĪˮ˵һĪˮ취˵ѾͷʱȥԼңġаѾ˵ٱ䣬ֻҪ꣬Ҳʲô⣬ĪˮȴûдӦ˵ǽʱˮɽϣϾȥǱҲǲˣ
ȻȷҪȻԪ½߼һЩҪҲʲô⡣
Դ˼ƬҲʹӦ˵ʦҲһݹϵҲʮϲĪˮһ𣬵ҲõĲϰߡ
ʱ䣬ƺоʲôһֱߣ˯֮ʱ޿̲һҲѰһʵʱȥˮɽĪˮһͬȰ˵ʵĴӦ뿪ʱֻҲһ֤һᾡʱʵܹͻƵĽٱ䣬һͬǰҲѾͷһ
תۣʱȥһ˻ˣڰҶڰ׼ׯУϾٴαչصʱҪһ꣬ʱ䡭
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ףϸ磬ǲҪȥôߣ
Χɻͨ½ģ
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ЦЦûйͣڸΪ棬ȴǲٶʣܿʩչ£ʮӱȻ뿪˼ѧԺ˵뿪˺ڤ֮ң
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Ȼó֮ҪôȴҪʥʵ˵ڿռ䷽ﵽĳرĸ߶ȣȻҪ׼Ķλ򼴱Ǵ󲼺ˣҲ𲻵ʲôá
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Ӧһ̤봫˫ӡٴܿΧռ֮ӿɲǣɫâҲ˲佫ȫ֣ת˲γʧǴĹâҲʧ֮ɢգۼɽڵһбָƽƺδйκα仯һ㡣

㣬ѾҲ㲻İ
Χͬ򳡴СңǰǷֱԪԼԪķȻڣ·𼴱ȥôãȻûκα仯
վЦŵǵõֵﻹǵԪڣȴȻﵽԪٶϹʱҲΪټǺǡľֵȻ𲻵ʲôˣ
ϸˣΪʲôӿʵ
ȻǡĲ㣡
΢Цŵֵܣ֮ǰϸҺ˵һͨľĳֻԪķ䣬Ĳȴ洫ľڣֻһԪķ䣡֮⣬ȴһؿ⣡ϸδֵֵȥؿһУ
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ԣЩԥĵϸ磬ⲻðɣؿУֻһˣ
ֵܣʲôˣ
ЦŰڰ֣漴ɫЩЦߣǶѾˣһзҲǷţֵʲôܹҲԵҪǻˣһˣ
ðɣȻϸ綼ô˵ˣСҲͲˣЦЦ˵
Ŷ
΢΢һЦ漴һ˫кȻһââڰγһʮ·ӡװϵħƵмƣ쿴ɫ΢Ȼ֪ʲôҲûţֻǾصš
ܿ죬ǵ·Χռ䣬űռ֮·𽥳ֶȥ
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ȻڹȥӺ켸ûʲôо£ֻΧһ䣬ȻһµĻС
͵һֻһ򳡴Сң֮šԪֵķ⣬ҲȴһյĴţʣȫյľû˿϶ֻǴɢ˼ΪõĲʹ⣬ʮֶĿѤá
ֵܣǵؿ֮һˣ
΢ЦǰǴڵʱʵеǻƶȣڶӣͨӻ洫ӣҪɷۻֻ֣۵һ̶֮ԽؿһƷֹؿͼһΪϸֻԵʣʵҲֻܴôһ
ĬĬףȴҲ˼ڴ֪ؿ浽жٱ
ԱǸԪķ䣬ֵʱĻٽȥһɸֵ֮дȥ
˵֮ǰĸͬһΪģľ⻷֮⣬ȴһΪʱһʱһգ죡
ô桭
˫һھȥúһʱĳ嶯
ϾֱԣʵҪģ
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ĻҲˣͷڨЦ
ǲ㣬ֻȷеѣҪΪϸҵʵԵһЩ޷ֵ㿪ţ
Ҳ֮ЦҪҵʵȲָУȻΪԵ޷ָ۷壬ò˶ñԴﵽŵĳ̶ȣֵ´ʱ򣬾Ӧÿˣ
ˣǾֻе´ˣ
쵹ҲûǿȻĵ׶Щʧȴδ˵
Ǻǣǻȥؿɣ
΢΢һЦұֵ֤ʧģһһʱҩ԰ȻȥǱߣֵԸ⣬Ҳһʱ䣬ֻҪûᵢ֮бǣ


708 ؿ֮
·һĿռ䣬Ƿ·𣬶ȷֻǴԭĿռзָȥһ֣˵ǰôֶͨΪѡ
ϸ磬˵ؿ⣿
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Ȼ
ľȣЦŵؿ֮һҲǳһֱӴռ䣬ﲻǷָȶԵȷҪǳһЩ

ðɣʾԼˣĵ׶ȴǸӵ
ؿԿף
һһ˸źɫâƱɵǰɫǽֻҪ㽫ԪУǷΧɫǴ˴һЩϵĵطɫ֮ǰ˵ҩ԰ֻͬҪ󣬽ԪбԶ͹ȥ
ⶫ϶ɣв֪ǺβƵƣЦʵ
ȻˣǰΪٵʱ̣Ҳһ֮
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ֻ΢΢һЦκܿռ䣬֪ȥ˺δ

˵ؿ⣬ʵҲ⴦ռһ֣ʲôȫͬжֱһţ׷ڰԵüΪ棬ͨƴϢҲ˲˴˴ֲͬ౦ķֲҪĳֶֻҪһԪֶΧĹУԽõУνޱȵķ㡣
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ϸϸ˽һƯŵĸֱ˷ܡ
߲ҶȵϺü֣»ῴ۰ɣ
찵ԿЦѣ˵ˣ˵Լء
ȻΪ캣а٣ĺöΪҲԲˣɶؿڵһУѽ԰һ㡣
ȻĸҩĲ϶Ѿǳ˵ģˣЩҶԲ̫ãȿİɣ
䣬ȴǷɿתطö൤ҩеϧˣߵĲǰƷҩ㹻ϵĻҲƳҲ̫󣡡
ЩȻܲ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
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Ȼ䣬һУԶһűֱӷɵУùɢȥڱһ
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һֽ봢ָУһ˲䣬ǽɫϱʱɢһ⣬գۼ㽫֣˵ĺӼƵģ쿴Ŀɿڴ
⡭
֮ʣӽɫϴһϲõĸм֮飬찵ԿЦҡҡͷˣҲûʲôã˿ʲô벻ĺô

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һȻܹġаӿУʹʱһȲĽеС
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ܿ죬ȻĿһע˲ԶһЩϣЩէһ״ʹСκ⣬һоȴȵķ֣ıȻȲǧýȴҪʹõıЩѾʹõ½
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һܿһһȽϡ
һҪãȴҪʣͬǧý֮һ
ƫˮԣΪʱԵʣҲһĻԣԹˮݣ½ҲƫˮԵģʺģضˮ˫Եıǣ˵Թ棬Ҳ̫ѵһЩ
ЩЦãȴû˿ƣɺǾĵļѰš
ңı٣ڶʮӺǻ첻ˣѰҵһԲ
׼ȷ˵ԲҺ죬ֱˮ˫ԣͨƴϢ֪˴֣黷


709 ؿ֮ҩ԰
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ɫһϲֱ㵯һԪǱ黷Ͼǵһֱֿ֮Ԫ˻
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ŰСʱ֮ǧý»һâɻصڣ첻ˣ黷ҲٻɵߣһֽӴͬɫԲ֮ʱһʱԺ
ʱĺ壬Ц˵ģ˵Ļһȳȥ֮ұ㽫㽻ˣ㲻Լ뿪ҲѲģ
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ܿ죬óƣڳɫԪֻΧռһŤתǰһɲǣȻһҩ԰ſڡ
˵ľһʱҩ԰
ҩ԰ڲȫƬأſڲ֮ʣȴֻı仯˵֮ǧƽ׵ľ޴ҩԸ˲ɴ˫ۡ
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󲿷ֶ꣬ʮĶУϾֱѾȥʮ֮ãƽܹˣȴûдЩҩĵ˼ҩвϵţ컹˼ɵвϴ󣬶ǾԵ˲Σ
˲ΰ˷ȥʥǿ߶ҪѺܳʱЩǿҩԣһ߷õĻضӲֱӱֽžԪǿҲʲôϣ
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컷ΧϵõģϵõĸҩУڴʱӿ˲١
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ʱȻȰˣЦŵ֪ʦҪĻ㲻ժһЩ㲻ãǱߺҲЩô

ԣʱЦϸ磬ʵСĲժҲʦҲ˽ЩҩĵĲժҪǲС˵һЩǿɾСҵĹˣ
Ǻǣ򵥣Ǿϸ㣡
΢΢һЦּһ֪Ӻδ˹Ǵſһɹҩ漴꣬ʮҩĻǴУղժһ㣬˵ޱ档
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˵ţʹƴӡ̸죬ܿ㳹мĵϸ磬ʲôҲ˵ˣлл㣡
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ղʮӵȡгɰǧϱ봢УÿһóȥͷѪ¼ʥǿҲˡ
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ˣʱһֵҪĻȥǸԺӣ
Ц˵ﱾǿҩ԰֮סĵطҲܳһʱûסˣ붨Ҳòҩ԰ΪŨĽ֮
ãлϸ磡
ͷ漴ܿ쳯ǸԺȥԺӺ󣬺˵һٴʧϾ붨ǾԲ˴ŵģҪǳʲôؽ롣

ʱˮţ첻֪Ȼµʱ䣬֮Ѿȥ˶ʮ֮ã
ڼ䣬ûһۻĶһֱڹž޲붨״̬¹ȥ컺оڵı仯ɵ¶һĨϲЦݡ
У첢ûиɱģȫĵͶ롶Ǻ롶аУֱȻǺķȫ롶аںһҲ֪ǷֹͼΪԵʣȻû˿ֱͣ˳˼㣬κһû
ֵһ˵ǣΪ⡶ǺԣʵȻ̶ʱ˴ȵ
ΪûнĹȻɴڵٱ֮УȴоԼƾʵѾﵽѰԪڵʵʱиһĿܡ
ţ̫ˣ
пϲѣǺʵ̫һЩ
ʵٴڼ֮Ҳ˸İȫԣʱѾȥ˶ʮ죬ٱչȥĻпܾͻʱˣʱ뿪ˣ
һӣ漴óƣڽԪɫαܿĻصĵĲռУ˿̣ҲѾڴ˵Ⱥ򡭡


710 ϲˣټϣ
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СΪСү뿴ƵҺýûԷȻҵ
СӣƤӲǰɣҴ򣡡

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ʣһ򽻵УϾҲ߼ʦôҩĵĸ£ܹӿ˼ʦʱ䣬һҲһ£ЩҩǷ˷ѣûʲô뷨ֻҪǶкô飬ͶȻκԥ벻ᣡ

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ϵĵطһԺУ˼ѧԺ
Ժ۳үӣԼλԺֹүӺѦѦүӣ
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϶һۣҲСǲˣתԵμǰȥүүһͨĿռ䴫ȥģҲ˳ſԽ£ջүү˵ǣ

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Ͼȥ߻Ҫ飬ѣԼһСĸŮټүүԨھܹˣֻܴһ˵ĻΣգôܻ˶أ
תһ룬һĶܱûкðɣʲôŤתΣܹӵһܹҲǺõģȻӵ˿϶Լ

ӼѧԺ֮ٴμһºʫ˵ִ飬Լ뿪ϾҪȥˣߵһЩѻҪһ⡭
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Դˣɻ飬Եϲּ˾ͽ׻֮⣬ȴɵĽ̵¿ʼѧϰƿر̲
ȻǱ̲ĴС㣬˵̲ҲӦýУȴҲ֪ͬݸͿЩȻô˵ܹҲǱ̲Ůܵ˺δʲôʵϵֱǩôҲȡµġ
˾ͽ׻ΪɵĴӣڱ̲ڵҲΪףΪ̲һθҲ顣
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ʮɵ˲֮£һ뿪˱̲ǿ޵˶Ƶģ·һλ̲ۿᣡ
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⣬ƶȶŮ͹ţ֪Ϣ֮ҲҴҵĸ˻ȶӵ첻ţ·ȥԶƵġ

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Цһ£Ҫ׼˵ʲôʱֻԼȱסѾͷҲְ֣֮粻ֿҲҪȥҲҪȥ


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籧ǰְֲȥʵ̫Σˣ֪ô룬ʲôĻðְָô죿ʱ򣬰ְָôĶȥôԵĸŮ
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ˮɽ˼죬үү˵֮ڻвʱˣǼ˶ûȥʲôط쵹Ҳÿ춼ȥһ˼ѧԺһʫ˵Ҳȥռ˸𡭡
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Ҳ֪Ԩȴַˣ
Ԩ˫΢УʮǰǶһУһֱλȥҾҪǼ³׸ǷģΣյģ
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֪ĴڣĶ֣ԨҲԼ뷨İȫҲҪģ
ˣһ㣡
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ԨĻϹԶʱɫһݣ׵ϸģҼˣؼã춯ϹԶض˽һ


713 £
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Ԩ˵Ҫıȥӣһ¹ĲȻ󡭡
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үүҲٶ˵漴ԨĴ£һ˺ܿĳȥ
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үүȥĶ˵ȥϢ𣿡컷һΧʵ
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ԨĻȻһ죬漴һԼĪʮҵ߼ٶٶȾ·˲Ƶģ֮о޷׼ȷץסټ͸˵ǼŮˡ
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ԨͬǼ۾ж˿˿Ứ
һʱ䣬ⷹеԵüΪǾվڲԶһõ綼ԹԵıǣСֻ֣һ˫Ĵ۾ԨǸߡ
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ԨЦЦֵ飬ǵĪүү
Īүүã
ԹԵȻ֪λĪүүʲôˣԨ׽УȴԲ³˶ȻԼүү֮
ѣ綼ԨԽУλĪүүһ飬ĻɰϲһϳЦݡ


714 Īɽ飬
Īɽ飬ԨֵܣȻûĽݣȴԴʶһֱֵܣ
ԴԨȥԪ½֮ĪɽһֱƽûʲôİٻϣôһСķ꣬ô־һӼֵ񣬾ֵֿ꣡
ǻƽԭĿռ䴫ҲĪɽİ²Žġ
Ԩļ򵥽ܣ˶λĪүүһŨŨľ壬ҲȻ䵱˶Դ
¥У˸һ£ĪɽȲʵ磬ȥ˻Ԫ½Ǳ߷Щʲôˣأôûкһ
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Ԩ̾ҡͷִ֮ŵĽһڻԪ½ϵᵽӵʱԨϸֳޱοЦݡ
ˣ޺ţ
ôһ㽲˺üʱһֱҹ٣Ƕûһͣµļ
ְ֣ˣ
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˵ʲôԨ˵ˣϵܣȲ˵ˣȥ׼ԵİɣɱҵŮ
ԣԣ
ĪɽҲǼæͷ˵Եȣȥ׼ˣ
ллĪүү
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ʱ׼ˣߺĴڴڳţĪɽһЩƣԨԱ߲ϵضǸղûнĹ
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СһְһͲҪ̫үүˣǸĵĳѾͷ

С뻳УһЦֱСǷཱུСϿһڣСЦøӿˣŤС˿һݸ
Сӣôôͻˣ
үڱϵҡϣԱĪɽĪүүҲ֮һϷӡ
û²ͻ𣿡
ǺһЦĴүүн˹ȸϽŮһ󣬱ԹԵĶź¶¶ĹţеСҲǹɵָһǵĲˮֱЦְǸ󱿵ˮҪ
Сӣ˵ְǴ󱿵ƨƨˣǰɣ
۹ȴ˿壬컳ȥɿһ𣬲ʱԺбٴѾͷЦޱö
Сӣʵ
ԨûĴߴţȷԺȻֵɽΪ档
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ûڣܹɵߵԨһΪ䰴Ħżһ߽֮ǰ鶼˵˳үӺĪɽ˶Ŀ࡭
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ĪôĽԨŤͷĪɽʵ
ƺ½ģҲʮָλүϾڿɲǳʶ֮ʱˡѾˣ
˵ҲҪȥúõ飬ɽûô򵥣
ĪɽŻص˶ٺȴǺĳʵ껺Ʒƣ
ʱĪɽЩȣΪû˵ԵʣҲ˿Ρ

ͷ漴Īүүѵ껹ף
Ǻǣȷܲװ
ĪɽЦЦָָΧЦŵ֪ĹʮϰٸԪ½֮ޣǰٻΪķԲ֮ڣ·ֱΪǬţȣԼѩɽׯǬʵǿѩɽׯ࣬˵ȵǸƷƣϷûǴĻӦ껵ŮҲŮˣ
С÷һ𳤴˵Ʒ˵ȻŮڵλףϲЩ˶䵱ȵСԴ˵ȹеļλ϶ûзϣʱһƷȻһԣ
ƷƴŮҲʮֵĹɣˣ껹ٵ飬˵껾Ե
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үүһҪСģʵڲеĻͻˣǲȥˣٺãһһʰģ˵
СӻĳˣүүָӣĻүүסˣİɣүүµģԨЦЦ˵Ƿȥֻ˼Լ

ڶ죬үүȻˣ֮ǰһɰѾͷ漴һ˲ֱ뿪ˣûʲôĻ
˵ģѾ˵ˣǸңô˵ҲǺѪļ壡
ѵҪԨһӣĻԸ
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ĪɽҲٶԣڶϻɽеķչһͬʱҲˣҲԲǳ£ٴγɽǣ


719 ϻɽţ
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Īүү˵ϻΪϻ꣬һʮˣʵԪң»Ĵ󻤷Ԫǰڵĸ֣ĶϻУϰٸĵԪ֮ˣ⻹Ԫȵڶࡣ
ڻԪ½ĻǶϻŵ԰һˣУϻȴеȣϾûһʥǿΪƵᱻ̫ӣ
ϻɽĵʮƫƧҲΪʲôϻܹһҶĸԭ
ңԴʮַḻмϻɽԴ˵͸Զϻɽۡ
գһ˱ϻɽ֮Уװһӣɽед֮вϴУʱʱĻѾͷĻЦ
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ŤͷһڲЦѵ㻹ñһ̣


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վѪ³ڲһ㣬ǲԼƣںʯ֮ʵ࣬ɷĳʯȥ

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ʶʯĳĬԼǵЦݣձúǳ


721 ңаɷ£
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ûзİţֻԼİȫˣܹרĵĴ˶Ըϻţ

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պаɷŵĴѾִ˶ϻɽڵĶϻȣ׼ȷ˵ھϻɻ￪С
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˼ٲϲˣҲϲ˸㣡
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752 ϻ꣬аɷưԣ£
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ϻһ֣¶һĨõЦݣɣͷͷǺ󣬾ôر˫ۣһ˿Ҳ֮׶ϵ

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ɣȽǰᣡְȻΪݣòϺ˸жϻ꣬ɣֺγǿ˶
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ȻȴȻĿת죬Ца˰ɣȥοǲѾˣУҵĶǲҲУ
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ʼ磬ЦѣЦȴųҶʱŭҧ죬ҪΪ˶ϻžжǿҸ㣬ˣҪаɷŸʲô⣡ʥûеСùԹԻش𱾹Ļ򱾹Ȼȥã
ңң
˵Ҹ㣬Ⱦûث֣ҪʹҵҪ⼸㵽ױǿ˶٣
ǺǡҪҲǺҴ򣡱ʲôݣ˱֣
Цһ漴֣ʱӹ߽Ӱһֵܣļһģһһһ׵֮⣬κβͬ
ҪǣԺڰֵܵʵʥأ
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ҴЦǲ֣ҪòɱΣʱԽ٣Ȼȥ֮Ҿ͸Ǹĺôô
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761 ֮䣨£
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ͺڰֵһʥصʵһһӦÿǿʤһԶټϺڰֵܱóֵĺϻս֮˼ȫѹڴȻһʱỹʲôΣգһʱ䳤˭ָı֤أ
أ
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Ϊ𣿡
ЦȻûнݣȴֵܰĸ飡ȻʵȴҲ֮ҷȰһ䣬Щ鲻Ҫ̫춼ῴȥģ
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Ľҡҷӯӯһյϸ컺ȥ
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ûشԱ߲ԶȻ
Ӵ˵ʲôأôˣ
ĽŤͷһۣ㲻һֱý𣿰ҸֲôҿǺϣҪһ˫һŶԹԵŶ㲻ȻͲ˹
ҡ㡭
ĽֲҪĻֱһѪ˳Ľ̲üͷһӴôˣҵȻú۰Ŷ
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ĽϧΪȣ常ȴôҲû뵽Ľ̾Ȼᵱȥ죬˵֡˫һĲҪ֮ԡ
Ľ̲תӼȥǽһ֧ڼϵȥߣ磬мһǰⶼ¶˳Ư𣿽Ҽĵһۿɾϲأɣͽһúõػֻ֣һŶ
ƯȻƯɵܵһ̫һЩɲΪĶ󣡡
ЦЦͷḶ̌Ϸ֮ɫԱ
󣡡
⻰Ľ̶ʱЩɫ䣬Ȼ˲ЦݣЦҿɲ֪ܵ˵ʲô˼أ磬ȥúõ뽻һΣ
Ľץʱ䣡﷭ʱЩȥˣȵ
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ĽӦһܵܣҲˣٲӦĻҿɾͲŶ
ҲҪһ
һǧýУʱȴصýҪˣ
⻰˵ãǧýһҪҪˣ
ûһ㣬ǧýһ佣ֱָḶ̌ĵָ̣
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ɲǣһҴݶص׹ڵء
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״껶ʱɫ䣬æȥߣףôˣ
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ϵܣϵܣô£
һ߿üͷ壬ȵٸǰʱʱ䣬ʱ֮ڻɱǡߣŰɣ
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ɱ
ֵܶһۣͬʱӴ˹ʱ϶ദüɼǵ˿ڣȴȻҧţΪȣû˲룡
ΪȹĴ㡣
ʱĽҲսһ𣬴֮ĽȻԾȻ֣һ˫ȴֳΪȻɫû뵽ôһ˾Ȼܹӵкƽɫʵ
Ҫ֪ĽλĽԪڰ
䣬ĹмȻѰԪ֮Ҳܱ⣬ȴȫûܵӰƵģĽ̶ӵ˼ֺ棬ȴɭȻɱ
һɳضĿǣ
Բȥ
Ľһҧȴ˲佫۷壬⧲֮±ýˣҵʱӦҲû̫ܵ˺
⼤սУȴǹ˲Ա߻ңһ߽ŵĿսţһ߽ڻʮ֮Ǳսನ漰˾ٶȴЩ쳣жһĲˮˡ
⣬ڵĻսǽ˰Ȼĳ̶ȡ
󲿷֮˶Ľ̵Ķɢ֮ڶ̻֮˵Ĳɱ¾УǸûһ㷴֮
һһıɱѪеĲҺ˴ʱɣ̶̲һʱʱ䣬˵
һΣܵǰδеˣ
ûʲô漣Ļ½ձȸʱˡ
˵ģжȴ޵ֿ֮ƴҪȻûκЧֻĿͬȥ
أأ
ʱĽˣ˺·ѪƵģβҲ̶á
ڰֵȴ˿ûзŹ˼ޱȣɱ㲻ݡ
һߣĽ̵սҲӵ˵İ֮УĽ̵Ȼ󹥻У첻òֳһʱ䲻ţ쾹ȻҲ·磬ܶ෽涼ܵ˳⣬񶼲ʧأֽ
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ҧ촽ΧЩ֮˵ĲҺŬ˼ŸֿܻܣɱĽ̵Ŀܣȴʼպް취ֻܲϵƾʵĽսһʱĽҲʤҲǸȥһĻᡭ
ֻ˱̻ĹңԼ֪ʲôõḶ̌ټٸ̻ͨӣҲף̻ʵ϶ֹڴˣʲô֮Ŀ϶ٻ
ٽЩ˻ؽ룡˵ȴ˫ֻǰδ֣μ˵ˣ漣֣նȻȵĩգ
ֻǣ漣


762 ͹ŷıϣ
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ںڰ˵Ѹ͹У˺ԽԽ࣬Ѫ˶Ƶģ֡
òϣڰֵܵĺϻ֮ȷǿȫÿÿץסԷҪԷһ˲ĹǸᱻϣް취롭
ټڶ֮˵ҽУǸȥ˼޷ȶȥӦԣοڻʮȵи߲˶ɢǾͬϵһ׸
ΣӶ𣿡
͵һ£ڰ˵ĹֱӻУߵķһ㵹ɶײ˺ü֪ǵѵˣֽŽһɽײ֧飬ſͣ¡

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ҡҡͷǼᶨĵĶӣҪҲǰ棡ǺǡҿɲТ
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Ժ󣬸Ϊĺȵ˵ͻᣬ˵ʲôģҪҲֲ㣡ҹ㻹㸸׵ĻͿ
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΢΢һЦѾ׿վĺڰˣȾûˣΪĶӣ£
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žžž
ʱһ˹һһһЦһܺĶж˰ҲҲգҪ˵ûиᣡ㲻ӺһĻʹʣµ˼ұ̻Ȼ󽫽͹ŷ𽻸ңұ֤ǸܹȥΣ
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ʵȻһл㲻ܻʥ֮˵Ķ֣
ңҪʲôҷС껣״ʱ

ҺǺһЦû˵һҪɱʲô㻹ҪôִԲĻͱܵܵĳˣʱǸӣǧ˶ȫҪʵһֱ뿴Ѫɺʲôģ
㣬úݣ
ֲָңΪ˵ԵʸѪɫ԰ײѡ
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Ҳ͵ĵǻӦҪľֶˣ
ϣûӦʲôұֱӿʼ

ƽ˿飬ҵҲԽһЩȴ˿壬㵤ﱻ⣬ԾɴףҪӦǲŹǵģϧ߰ɣڣȾͲʧ
죡
͵һ˦ϣݶȵţɼ֮
ҵĺñ磬㻹ûǺô
ŤͷȥɭЦ⡮һȥĻͺڶŶ
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һѵһֿ˿ܱ֮ˣɵñ˫ۣãҴӦ㣬Ƕͣ£֤֮ˣֶİȫڽ͹ŷ𡭡һԴȥãΣ
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Զʱһϲ漴֣ʱΧɱ¾ȫͣ£б̻֮˶ٵվ󣬶ʱĽҲŹ죬˲ʱٷɻأصߡ
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ЦЦȻ˲٣ȴԵ
ڣԴңŶ
һ˵ţȴȻĿڵΪҲ֪͹ŷڵĵطأʥ֮˽붼ΣգĻɱңȥһȥùסֻаʱʱ䣬˶ȫҪĶӣ

ҵĻʱ˫һУȻȷûؽɱһܹ̻֮˴ȥĴؽյľ棬ֻϧһӱ㿴뷨
ãʱһʱ˵
УͰʱ
ҾȽǼɱˣȵЩȥҾͲôЩأ
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⻰øλشֻܵͷһ˳ȥʱȴԺɲ˸ŸͷȻ֪ǽ͹ŷ𵽵ʲô϶Ǳ֮࣬Ҳܶӡ
ǣҲͬףĽǽ͹ŷõ֣ڳ֮˰ڶӵΣգ
Ϊȹ벻ͨһ㰡ѵĵƣ
С껣ǽ͹ŷ𵽵ʲôʵ
ҲǺ
ҡҡͷ˵͹ŷıҲ֪

껵ĻشʾҲδ̫˰ɣ
һߣĽҲǵĴõʲô͹ŷͷŹǣ
ŹǣǺǣȻʲôʱ˵ˣ
һЦ˸űĺâ˵ҪŹǣû˵ǵĵʱ򣬱ɷ˵Ҳ𲻵ʲôãһСĻͻʲôҽǿ֮ģǿɾͲرˣ
㣬ūýأ
Ľ̽һЦ¶˴󲿷ֵѩ׶ѣƵġ
һߵĺڰֵܿ۾Ź⣬һֱѹţһĽ̿¶Ӳֵܵħצˡ
ʱڶ֮ˣ󲿷ֶ֪͹ŷĴڣŹΪǲϧóڵԽеĵλһޱȸж
ڰʱʱһɫ˹𽥿˶ܹоһ˵Ϯ¶˲ϰٶ֮࣬ڳʵ֮˷׷׺䤱˺ѡ
ȴǿϲ֣͵ǰдж˹Ҫ򿪵ɲȴһת½صУЦ磬鷳Ҵ򿪰ɣҿǵ滹ʲôأ
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Ҳûԥûк˼ӡлǰӡԶ˿漴ֻһɫĹâɢ˳𣬺һ˲䶼һʵʰļڳ˵עȫ˹ȥ


763 ͹ŷı£
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漴ڽɫâУһԼ߰׵Ľɫβ𻺻˳ŹӾԶϢһϵϣ˶鲻Խĵͷȥǲٶ࿴һۡ

ʱҺȻЦһѽƿǿŵĽɫβ˷ܡ
͹ŷǽ͹ŷ𣡹ǰõˣ
ҿЦϣҪȥǽ͹ŷץУƺоԽԽߵ¶ƵģϴʱֳֻжԽ͹ŷľ̰

ĽҲ⣬ⶫҵľͺˣ̫Ưˣ
ŴŴš
ҵĲϿǽɫĹâĦͬڲϵĵҵıƽȴܲˣò͹ŷĲݡ
ݡ
ۿҼõʱǽ͹ŷһ˺һЩҶȻɫһ䣬ŤͷȥŭǲĹҿǻ˻ȥˣǰɣ
ңվﶯҲδô
ޱȻ͵˹͹ŷ飬ȴҲ֪͹ŷ;ԣҪȡҪͨһ־ĥһҲûпܳɹ
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˿̾Ȼȫκԥģ˫ӡϢƶ˵ȴܹеĸоʱѾǽ͹ŷϵһ϶ɢɫĹΡ
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ұͳȣܹӡ֮ʱת˲Ȼĵͷ
𣿡ʱͣȥͽ͹ŷ֮ϵ
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ⶫƺз˵Ϣ
üͷ΢壬оһɼǿӡš
ڳˣ̻߱ǰľˣԡǽɫâȴ֣ƻֱϴ˰ĸо
ʱĶǽ͹ŷӰлҵͷҴʱƵģ˵
ڱ͹ŷעʱȴûע⵽һĨЦ
ӹȥۿ͹ŷ𼴽ӴҵɲǣȻ˫ӡһ˫ͫ׶˽ɫһ㣬ϢϮһٶûκ˷֡
ŴŴš
һɲǣǽ͹ŷȻɫâʢܲӣһֻڶ֮ߣֵڳ֮˴㵲ѡ
ţϲĻ
Щ˶ɢ֮ˣһķȫԪѸٻع飬ַ״̬˲ʧһЩȥģ߱Ūɲзϵ⣬˲תָȫʢ״̬
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ЦҰң浱ȵôȡǱʱˣɱ
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״ǳ˵һŤͷңЦңΪ͹ŷֻ𣿡
㲻һֱõ𣿽գұ㿴͹ŷ
˵䣬Ȼڿգһɫâϼӣ˾һƵģͬʱǽ͹ŷܵʲôǣشͷϳ˹ȥҪڷ;У͹ŷǻĽɫ㣬˾ȵУɿںһ𡭡
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֮Ҫ׷ɱ챣ѾΧʱһŭȺθ£ǽɫ趯ͬʱʱΧü̻֮˵ٳɷɻңȫʬ
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˵֮ǰڰѹŴĻΪ͹ŷԵʵʥ۷ȴûнֵܷУʱôֲĻ棬ڶּ̻֮ɵ
С껣ǿ
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764 һģնɱڰף
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ŭϣôҲ벻ͨҪ͹ŷôȻˣ
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ŭУҲ֪Ӻδóһһ˲Ƽٴεǰǿĵâһ£ܿռĽ
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ֻӽһԼ޷ӦȴǱϮɿȥ
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ҪǣֿͬʵΪ϶һʱƣֻҪܹסʱ䣬ôʱͽٴǵˡ
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һǰһγһУרȥЩʵϵ͵ı̻֣ҲΪ룬λҲԶһЩĥܲΪһɣ
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У˰Χ˿ңûκƣڰֵˣһɫףϵڡ
ѾʵߣϾʥ۷ǿߣǿ˲٣Ҳˣ淴˲ϵܣвЩɫӹȻû¶·Ҳ𽥵ĳֽģ
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³һѪ˫ɱֱһٴμսš
һʱ䣬ʱʱĺеһڽɫĿֲ¶У˵ĴҸ˫۳ѪޱȣѵҲ´ˣûʱƣôܣһʵôܣ
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̧һ˳ԪӿɫӿҶʱɫ䣬òˣ֮յĶ㿪ЩֲĹ
ʱǺڰ׶ץסʱֱӴ߹âݺᣬ˸Ŀռ֮кüռѷ֣Ҫֽһơ

ʱɫһݣڽұ˿ȥ֮ȻڿնڸߵĿмתɫ˲γһ籩˷ƶȥ
ã㣡
״˶ʱɫ䣬ԥķɿ쳯ȥǺڰҲ⡣
ǲòԼĹǹˣЩ籩ҲὫУӸղЩɫһմȾˣʥصĸּ㲻ᱻճɷɻңҲضʮ鷳
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˫һУӸ߿и£ΧЩֲĻ籩Ȼ㳯źڰڵλüϮȥ
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770 ̻аɷ
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ʱһߵĶսУĽĹԼĹ죬Ķ֣̻ĶѾ˼ΣС
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771 ̻аɷ
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ЩӶϷˣͬʱżٱƽһ˫˫зǰδеء
پͲˣʹ˲Ƶʥжǿ
һǺֱ˳˫ӡļ£һɫľ˲֣ܿռеȫһ㣬ڳ֮˺Ȼ֡
죡
ۿԽԽ쵱һɫצļٷɳĿռѷ֣һͬʵԵѾڼٱƽݶʱɫһ䣡
ΣȻĸоһΣԶԶֹղܹȵ˵ģ
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ݲòϣЩ־ˣ⻹Դӽʥһʥ֮µǰ⣡
ƺʲô쵱Ԫٴμӿ˲ɫٶһܿı֮ľ룬Ҫֱɱơ
ʱ˶ĿɿڴһУ°Ҳˣ찡ֶʲôˣ˿ֲĹƶóѵֶҪһǰδеʷ𣿡


772 ̻аɷģ
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֪䣬Խӣ
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ܿʯ뿪ˣλϣŷѩɽׯþδΨǵһĨаЦԽԣ
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һٶöڵѪʬе˼в糱ˮ㲻ϳӿȥǶӴѪʬ治н𲽼ѪʬҲöڵǸѪ˿ֲĸ²ʧ


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¶һĨЦݣ칰ֵܴ˻ҵЩϼһﺹհ
˵Цˣ첻ֻһѣԺҪǽׯǰӦǷЦ
ȻʱվڽĽԪȻߵĽǰǾ޵ĵĽ½ԪǬĽԸĻǬſԸһ֮ͬλΣ
˻ѾЩԽ޴ˣԪôܳ裬Ҳֻһѣڵ֮λܹģңʱԪĽ̵гźε̰һ֪Ȼֳԣ֮
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ׯȴ޹һ㣬֮ǰ˵ЩûһóıĽһֲ²⣬ĪԸǬŲɣ


778 һεؾ
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779 ҹص
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ӳڲܱ¶ԼҲΣյģǬŵʵҺҲ̣˽ķѩɽׯԼȫҲòϣ
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Щ־ڽ֮ϣͬţ뺣һ㣬ȫûһá

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˵䣬̧ĸɫӿٵķɵ˰֮У˾һĻˡ
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ѩƵͺŻӦӰȴƲˣҲˣҸ㣬ҪôȥСٱڤȥҿ˭ܾȵ㣿

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ȻļУȷʶǰӰĪϤȴôҲʧˡ
λǰǡ찲һѩƣǹһ
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Ӱæ࿪ʲôƵģ˦Դ컳ѩƲЦţ鶯Ĵ۾ϷʰЦ⡣

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Ϲ۲һΧЦһֱǼѧԺܹ֮ôСӣʱûСӵʵǿһЩ


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ѵ˵֮ǰı֣ڹԻϸӣ۾һĵ
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תչȥҲ֪ǲ˵ģȻͬһʱִ
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ûİڰ֣طҲ֮˵һٵ뿪ˣ
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Ǭ۷ϢүŭƱҪԼĻѰһ˵
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ķ˻֮ʱСӷǵҪһͬǰǵĺ˵˵֮УѾͷǹԹԵĴӦڼȴһ

̫ൢ飬˱ܿ뿪˱̻ɽǬɽķٶȥȻ;Уȴ̽ӵ˵Ĵţжʾ˶طĵģȴ֪Ǹĵطйڽϸӵ֤ݻ֮֡
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Ȼ˵ΪǬŵı°ȫݣֻܴ֣⵹Ҳǲܣ
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Ϣ׼Ǭɽ·֮ʱȴǴһ
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ŤͷһһŻԼĪʮ꣬ʵԪ۷˿첽߻ʵڵԪڡ
Ҫһ㣬ӵòЩƣ
һѾ˲ֲ²⡣
Ǹ˿첽ܿߣ´һ󣬹ŹֵĵСӣʲôˣΪʲôҳе񣿡
̫ˣʲôֵģ
ЦЦֵλ̨ûµĻ·˾ȸˣ
˵ţҪŮת뿪ȴûзŹ˼ֽĵ·£µСӣҽƽңܲû˵ҵͷɣ
ԭҵƽүе۷֮һȻ˵ƽҽܣһȴǱƽӦ
˿̵ϽŮıȴЩ죬Ŀ鲻ԽӹȻҡĸ뵽ʲô
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ƽģЦ֪ΪʲôܾúһʣǿͷݰӰɣˣҲÿͷˣֱӽһ磬զ
Сɣ˽СģЦõĵ
˵ʵڵģƽӡҲΪȻƴһЩȴûʲôĻҲûִߴ߳үİͲһ
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һ仰ŪһƽͷڨЦҲ԰Ҵ󣡣ðɣҾͽˣ簡㻹ûʲôأλŮɩӰɣٺ١磬ǺøõܵĽĲأλɩӣûʲôƯĽ㰡ɲԽܸʶʶɩǷģƽǺˡ
һ˵˵žֱת˻⣬ֻģ¾ǿЦѣƺϰƽľٶѾֲˡ
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һûĵ۵˵СӣƤǰɣסˣҽ죡˵ҲԵ֣˵ǰһأ
찡ֺã
ƽ۾һ漴ȴɵ˼Ȧɵ԰磬ôأ
ϻүүҰְҲȻҲˣʲôԵģ췭һۡ
Ҳԣ
ƽڨڨһЦһٶŮһЦٻʢһ㣬ƽһһʱ֮俴ľЩˡ
Сӣ㿴ʲôǿɩӣ
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һƽʱӣǱҲԪ۷ʵҵһҲеȵģȻı޲㱻УҲԲ²⵽ʵɲ򵥡
Ҵˣ磡ĴˣذģԺҲˣ
ƽ˫ҾЦԼ֪Ϊʲôôһʶӵ̬ȡ
֪˾ͺãҪٸҶ࿴ɩһۣôʰ㣿
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ĻƽһӴܵŮԣֺƵĵٺ٣λɩӣûʲô㰡ܸ£ұ֤Ǻܺúܺõģ

ʱڳ֮ٴͷߣƽôôһɫǡ
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ҡҡͷƽЩʧУɵôûнأѵò𣿡
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ƽֱӵҡҡͷƳһԱߵ죬ĵΪһֵܵģһ磡ܹɩǵĽһǸҪҽˣٺ٣ĻҲǰһǣɩǣ˵԰ɣٺ١
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ŮҲǱƽôŪЦѣ¾ƽҲ̿ϰԼƽүͷҲû̫Ц
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ƽͷЦ磬ɩǣСǳģĶҪȥʲôҪСܸһɣҲ֣԰ɣ
һ𣿡
ԣȴüõֱϵүúǴһʧķ緶𣿡


797 Ǭţ²⣡
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ҪƽȻڴӦϲľˣȥǬſ϶ַǷġ
ƽ˵ʲôȴҲû˵ڣֻƽģֻҪƽʲôΣҲȻ֣ȻԸƽĻƾԪʵ˶ܹأ
·ϣչֳһЩʵƽҴ˼㣬һ·϶ڲϵŸֻУȫûһӵܵķ緶ͬͷСåƵģ
Ҳˣȴƽӡ˼֡
֮⣬ˣչʵҲɫЩأȴҲûж˵ʲôһ·϶ܹԹԵĸں棬һ顣
ܿ죬һ˱ִǬţ
ĵҲýǬԳӭȻ֮Щ϶ٵԾɻûдﵽ˺Ƥĳ̶ȣǬؼɹǬȻʵȴҲ޷ӲаɷţԼѩɽׯ֣
۲ǱȻܲ
ƽ첢δܣҲû⣬ϾֻһԪ֮˰ˡ
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֣˫΢еĵұ֤ڻȥ;вٴ⵽ϮǼʵȻȷһܹ֤ӵİȫ𣿡

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˵Уף˵ӸҪھ棬ǺǡǡһתݣֻҪҰʱұƳ
񵤣ƷҩƾĴż洦ǽ˷ãֻҪܹɹ񵤵ҩԣӾǿȣƷҩҲǷǳˡ
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⻰ԥſڵ٣һǬйأ
Ŷô˵ԣжʱһĨâ
үȥʱֻǼ֪ү˻ȴǡñǬɽĽԪ֣Ԫ˵ɽǵҲӦү
˵˶ٺżҪǣǺͽԪһַͬүģʱŷүˣԲѵӣԵĿԪпһĨϲɫͲʣֻû˵ˣ

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798 طѣ˴
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Է֮ϽŮ˵Ҫȥ棬񻹵вҪŮСһЩǽٴ˺УһŮ˵Щطƺ޲Ů뿪һ
գŮˣƽȴԼһƽֵĹؾأ˿û۵ע⡣
۸ûע⵽ǣŮ뿪תעɲǣѩƻһ׹˲׷Ůȥڳ˶û˿
٣ط绤飬Ҳʾͬ飡ѾԸȥǬ¶ȫжҪʱоҵɫ˵
л
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۵Ļ￴ڰ˵ʵֺγһأ
쵱ߵ˼û֤ݣҲûбҪԼϴɣ˵ľͲǣŲţ
죬̫ˣ
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Ǻǡٺ١
Ƴһķ䣬ԱݾӵԺӣһŹֵЦƴӺðƵģЦ֮תֱ뿪ˣԵĵɫ

ҹĻ٣ȥϽλҲˣǻϢҲһʱ䴫˽۶Уֻǽ۲ûж룬ڰ˼ȥطסԺӣԼ˴ϣͽԪСŮʱ֮ڽ۵ķбһƸ
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ͷڸӷţԪΪ仯ҩԣÿʱٴηһţʣµȫº󣬷ӵľ˱ȫת
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ͷϽͬ˵Сĸط£ʱҲط󣬻ּһЩԪҩԣŹȥʱңط㻺˫ۡ
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һæʼĩȫ˵˳ط֮ǰļʣ漴ȴɫޱѿЩҲʶʵԪڣ߸֮࣡ƴŪҶѾһʬˣ
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ݹһָ˵ʱĻн֮ӽԪҵΪҲû֮ͬǰĴָү£
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ӦŵߵһԱó˴µĸеĻᱻӵ˷֡
ʱطҲǽʱһһʮĸ죬֮󣬵üӣ˵Ӧòӵ˰ɱҲˣ⻹Ԫڣѵ֪׷ɱ𣿡
Ҳ벻ͨ
طüϡǵã˵ȷû׷ҵʱҲûʱȥЩֻҪ㽫֤ͻؼңǸطȻı̻ɽҲԶЩȫҵ·ǰ֮취
ȴǸˣĪǣڰаǣü
컰֮ʣȴǺĴһǬɽԱң
һǸƾĵƵģѰʥǿߵĴž޴ĲʹȻվɫȻ˼㡣
һٶȴǽطһôˣһһէģ
ӣ˴Ҫң
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У
ȻҡͷûǻԲѣľ˻ûȫָһȥҲˣģ˵ûκζ⣡ҡ
˵˶٣ԥŵҾã˺ϤֺƿӡϺѪеϤ


799 ˵ĺ
ûоκ˵£켱ɿĳǬɽԱķȥͬһ㣬ٶ˲ƣ
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ʮӺϺȻٴǸص漴һº͵ȫ޷ֿɲǣֱӴӰȥ
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ǰһӰռһƮַ·ûκϢƵģ޷̽һﱾͲƵġ
죬ʶң
˻תȥԲʮòźüƣЦһλߵʣ߸ϡ
ҡ
ҡҡͷ˵ʶĵ׵Ϥȴ˵ڣڼ˵ĵһۣԴѪ
ˣ϶ʶңȴʶ㣬׼ȷ˵ԴΪֹҶָƣЦ˵
Ŷ
ô˻ʱ۾һæǰ֪Ҹںδĸڶľһпɺã
Ҷ֪
˵ͷ켤֮ʣȴתԵȴܸ㣡죬ҪסҪԼһֱˣܹ߳Լĵ

һѾǵڶˡ
ϴΣʥ˴ֵ˵УҲţֻһֱһͷˮ
˾˵ͷɻ
ԵˣԻף
ٿǰҲûʲôǰվļЦһУҵ㣡

Դ˽ЦǰͲҪٴˣôһưѵʶ𣿡
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⸱ģٴһЦˣҲͶһЩ찡㣬ȴҪ㣡
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804 ǿۣ
ŽԪЩĻ۵ӺȻᶨԵɱ֡
ȻѾһҪǬؼҼǲܵˣ
˵лĻǾҪЩȫնɱؼ֮ǰóһֱɱΣܹؼңôǬ˵ܹӵõؼҵӣ
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ƽһЦ磬иССҪ㿴ҪȥˣǲټŪЩԳԣ㿾̫óˣһôЩ껹ûԹôóԵļȣ
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ͷѾ˾ֻҪܹҵôǸ˸壬ټʮòӣȻҲпܻʣӶɱ֮
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΢һ£漴طȴ˵ֱˣûȥССȽҴ̵Ϣ֪ͨ㣡
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809 ȷϢ;
ķֲԪ½ķֲʵҲ֮ͬԶУԪ½ԶݵȵΪɴ򵥵ĳΪ˸ˡ
˵Ϲʱڱ˵ֻǸʱ򣬶һʮصڣΪ򣬵ʱΪĴһμԵѺһλѣͳһĴ⣬м⻮ֳһֵط趨Ϊв򣬳Ϊλ߼סĵط
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810 򣬵ִ
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814 ǣҹж
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һǵ˴󲿷ֵڶʮǰԪܹʸ񵥣ǰʮÿ깫һΣΪ֮͵Ĵڡʮ壬һʮ꣬ôԶӰ˳
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ƺһˣȻԵСģЦ֪ǸôȥҪڶĻ̫ˣ»ûǽᱻ˰Χ
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ȻĵԴ漴ֵǺأְֲǻиôҲͬݵŶְܹҵռ֮飬ǲǵʥ򶼿ʹ˲Ƶأ


815 ݣ徫Ѫ
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ЦҡҡͷʱĵϰһڣЦллְ֣
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ţȻ󽫰ְԪ뵽棬ȥĵطͿŶҪҪԺأְ־ͲأְֱѾǺأԹԵػص
Ŷԣ
ͷҪ׼ԪʱȴǺȻ뵽ʲôʵݵĻԺһܲҰһ˶ɣ
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ף漴һֱһֱǳͺ֮ԪֱͨۻشڣĬ׵ĵ£ֻýµȻλݣγһƵģʵĽ˰УܿǱѾʧԭء
ǰļʵƬƺȻףǴûһ
У˺Ĵڣͷ·Լڵûʮ˳ֻΧĻǼʵȴʮ챧ڻеȴͬ汦һ㣬۾գѽգܣͲûȥץˡ
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״æ첽׷ȥ⾲׵ĹѨɽУֻŮԳɭء
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ְ֣ƯŶҿɲȫۣȥԷָ裬̣С͵㣬أȼǣԸǵŶ
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Ķ֮ҲȥԼŮģ
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徫Ѫû뵽ﾹȻ徫Ѫ
ϵļץƿȥĿ˺ü飬ȷ캣ؿղص徫ѪһģһоҪ߼һЩ
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ָǰʯڣĵղһܵˣҾȥ׷ȻһӾʹأ
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ˣģܹ徫ѪѾĻԵˣ
ҡҡͷ漴ٴνڻУЦǺǵһڣЦ㰡ɲǰְֵĹŮǰְֵأ

СӿĲѣ˷е죬ȴûע⵽һĨЦ⣬һĨ̺Ц⡣

ܿ죬ڽĹѨ鱦ȫպúǿҪ£ЩҹȫŪһһСٷú뿪ֻһȴǲδȥƺֱӻصѪϵԺӷУ
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һĻǷʱ˫ͫһԼʵԪȻڲʱڱ߸ֱǷ
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Ǽׯ԰λѪϱʮ￪⣬ѪΪĵķԲ֮ڣǼҶĴ缶ѪϵⶼвɿǼУҲѹֺǼҵ⸽
ΪǼҼⷽԲ֮ڵı־
ʵǿֻԪڣƺʲô飬ʵκͻơ
ȴһʮǵˣọ́ӷųԽ˵
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˫΢Уŵͬʱȴ΢΢һЦԵׯˣȻǴ뷨Ҳ޶ԣǾǴٴ·ܲﶯְɣ
飡칰˹֣Ц档
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룡
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ĻǶʱɫ䣬ĿУֻܹԹԵͷ֪ˣף
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̾һǰʵȴǲ̫ˣסΪĻӻϵǼҵĽԲԣٳʲô飬ɱΪǣ
˵꣬ٶȶȻӿ첻٣Ƿȴڳױסˡ
ԴӶ׻δ˵һ仰¹ǼҵĽ棬ˣǼҲĴ·չ˹ʱɫӵһıӰȻи˲١
ƺ쵽ʲô΢΢һЦƳһۿ첽ϵǣв¶ۼһĨο
ʱĴ£ǼׯһУ;˲ٵǼˣڳһ׷ùĿ죬ɻ
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վЦǼƽѵãӲߴͽ̣


819 ս㣡
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˽Ϊǣָֽ̣һ佣Ȼ
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ӼִӼֻĸʱ䣬ȴѾ˲ʮУٶ֮է಻ѡ
˿̣ھΧҲԽԽǼۣ֮ŷһĻЩΧ֮˾ָָ֣̾㣬ȴûжܹϳ
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սԣ߶һҪԼպãΪϣ׷ͺڷˣôǵ
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ǵͷȻ֪ΪˣȴǹԹԵ˳ȥ֮ǰȴԾɿһǳ뱻̳ΣɵһǰδеͷĪǣջϣ
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˫΢У΢һӣΧĿռѾɫأ
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΢˫ۣܹóУѵ˵ĳλǿߵĵմӣ
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ͬҲˣȴɫδ䣬Ǽٱƽľŵâзֱ˸â⣬ӿٷһ㣬˲ֱӵǿѹ


820 ʤȥɻ²⣡
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Ǽ¼ԴҲǵõΪĽ

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һǳĳ۷ͬҲпܵһ㣡
˵ţ漴ָڶӦĳλǿߵĵմӣ;Щ۷ȫôǵʵͬҲпܣ
˶٣̾ԣһֿܣǼҾԵﲻģԣˣҪ佻ãΪǼҲϧνҪȡ֮֮Ǵ
Ļ˶ĬĬͷȷ̫ˣ


821 ţ
Ǽׯ԰㳯ѪķȥǼ֮Ҳ㲻ûкǼĵжͨһս㽨˲ĹϵЩϧζ
ǼҼȴСȻ̬Ⱥܺã˵Щֺõɣʵȴһ۲۵Ϻ꣬ﵽôģҲֻԼˡ
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һţĶӣѾǺܲˣ㣬ò̫ʱɽʥ򣡡
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822 عѪţ
ѪϣǸƫƧԺӣصûȥʱ򣬱ѾСѾͷлǼŮЦΪǸŶķ˲ȫʧչֳһĨޱҸЦݡ
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824 뿪Ѫ
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826 ĵһμ棡
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ЦŵҲǸ·˶ѣҲ˵һΣߣүҵĵλ֮ˣүҲûмɣ

ЩĬȻ˵Ϥ֮ȴüٵġ
һʱ䣬ԵúԻ󣬲֪ȥҽ͡
λûµĻЩˣȥϴϢһ£ʱ˵
Ǻǡõģ߶Ÿˣ⼸ʱ䣬ҶסڱˮУпղЦ
ãпնȥ߶ţ룡
룡
ͷ۶ߣ
˵ţ۱ŸԵĻϰͻƵĹºܿ뿪ˣȴվԭأ뿪ıӰ¶һĨõЦݣһûô
䣬Ҷ˼ڴ
͹٣λ룡
Сܿ˹̬ȸڣ
û취û˼ү⼸λ̬ôô
ţ·ɣ
ͷһͬŻƼȥ

磬ҲЩϤô
뿪Ӻ۱ıĸߣĵ
ȻˣȻΪ˵Ǽٵô
Ц۵ǣ۶ʱһ죬ɬСŮƵġ
ˣ¾ôȥˣ۶ҪסԺ³çҺλѲ׷ҶȲ㣡
ʲô
ԶʱһΧ·˷׷ײĿǹһۣʲô
磬û˵ɣ
࣬ھλأ㶼ҪͻƵԪ˰ɣôܲ˵Ķ֣
һֱ
ҵֱûдУ۶Լţҵȥ֪֮ͨ

ʱɥ磬òȥ״ɣ˼Ҷ˵ԺҲ
С֪ˣˣİɣ״ģ
һЦ۵磬ЦŴ˿첽뿪վߺϴͱ̶üλû


827 ɣߵ䣡

ꡭ
ĽֵϣȻһƬڵصЩ˵ע˹
СѾͷƬӣʲô֪֪ʲô㡭㾹Ȼײˣ
һʮˣѾͷۣŭѡ
ҡûײ㣬Լ߹ģĵ
ǣ
Ҳ֮˵˼Һ㶼û㣡㲻Ǻˣǻ壡
ҲǺˣСѾͷҿҴ򣡡
ŭǵĴĶҵĴƿǵҼϴθҵģǮҾȥָ
Ҽʹͣ
˵ĻڳЩ˶׷ɫ䡣
˵ƿֵ̫ܲǮǣҼɾͲһˡ
ܵõҼʹͣӰ
˵˲ģԼ
۾һɣ壬ΪСӾͺƭ
СѾͷƬӵͦ˵ģ
˵ŭΪɵӣŴƿȥ㣿ҡôʰ㣡
˵ţ˱㳯ֱһ˦˹ȥ˿ûһ˼
Сģ
״ʱһ㿪˵İơ
Ҷ㣿еûĳѾͷҡ
ǸѣоԼİƱȥʧðɣð˺Ļ
Σ
Ȼʱû˵꣬쳣Ǽ˹Ͻ§˻УҲûǸŵһۡ
ۣСˤҵĴƿڴҲˣ
ϽǵòǾޣٵһḬ̃࣬漴Ŀ⳯ȥСӣǮүȥңʱҽͣ
ְ֣û統˵Ҳ֮ԵǾǣְ֣ǻˣ
Ѿͷӱ죡
ӶʱѾͷݺݵһۣѾͷȴ˿壬ǵ£Ƕĵۺںֱķ˻ȥӷŭﲻϵŭŸޱĻ˵ˣΧۼЩԹ߶ԽĿȥ
࣡
Ŀһ͵һƽʵʵˤϣֱԭתһȦʺָӡɼ
㾹Ҵң
䲻ŵĿ飬ǷŭͬʱŨĶ񶾡
ҵĹŮҶ᲻˵һ䣬Ҫٸҿڳԣôʰ㣡ƽ˵˸Ȼɱ
磬˵Ǽ˵ۣûֵĻҲ
Ůˣ
Щˣ˫۷ķŭ
žžž
Σ֣ȳʮƣǼһʹѣһ˲׵ͬͷһǵΧ˹Цѡ
ˣ˵˵Ĵƿɣ
ȹ֮ʼ磬·ʲôûƵģԵ˵ĴƿŮײģ֤𣿲˵Ҫȥҽô߰ɣʲô
һڳ˶ʱ㵲ѡ
ʱϣἰȻ֮֮ͣǰȥĻº룬˼ǴƿҼʹ͵أôֱӹȥ뻢ڣ
㵵ĲֻˣǸͷ䡣
һɣԼ
ǰҲһôԹˣÿÿ˵ЩϵǮ£Ͼ˭ҲȥҵĻ롣
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ѵ˵Щһﱾҵˣ
Щ˸˼Ǿ壬ĵġ
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һƬ򵥹۲˵˿϶ɫѿѾͷӣǺЦ˼㡭
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ʱҪܵʱһȺ⴫˽Ⱥóһͨ췢һЩۣͱ̶ŮҲͬ󣬴Ⱥ⻺˽
Χ˷׷׶ǷʾǶҵأ
С㣡
ۣʱɫһϲæչȥίĵС㣬ҪСЩ˾Ȼң˵ʲôҵ˶ǺöС˵˺ǲȥۣȻǳִˣ
ǡ䣿
һ£һϳͷʵݡ
˵䵹ҲȷЩϵȥʱҵⲿԱ۶ǸҲΪã׼ΪŮأΪԵʣҲΣ˵ȴûκ
˵Ųأ
һĻ̴黳վ˳ָĵ
С㣬ҪΪСûָǿļ˵
죡Сзִ磡
ǣǣС˶죡
ɲٶ˵ʲôõһԣԱ˿ʶһıӵֺֻϧͷģȴֺЦ
Ҳơ
յС㼫Ϊܵ˼ĴɸΪ񲯣һЩϧζ۶ȫ֪ôӦԣľǱܶԶ֮չҪȥˣʱȻټЩˣû뵽ȴԸΥɲɵˣ飡
ۻһˣĿڵϵЩƬɨųȥҪ˵ʲô֮ʣȴЦС㣬ּ˰ոòỹҪɱҰɣ

ɴкӣڳ˶һǸֺڴ챻Űúܲģ䣬Ҳ˲סˡ
ǺۺƽȵģǾ䡮㻹ҪɱҡĻܶ࣡
˵Цˣ
뵽ѣǿ¶һĨЦݣ⵽ô£빫Ӹ֪빫ӶȻֵҵɣ
ף˵ģʱ۱֮ȴҪ࣬ɵͷ
ҴһȻƫ̻κһ
ȻǹȻվڹߣͬ˵ľٶͱҲˣ˲ܺʱάľΣ
˵úã
ԣ֣Ц֮˹ȻףΪ֮еǸڣСˣΪˣҲ˵
壬СŮ
ĻҲĹ˲٣׺Ը̶ȥһʣҪ࣡
ǣС㣡
ŮӦһһһҵĳԱȺȥЩҲ˿׷׽ʼĩȫ˵˳ɫ˲ޱȲ԰ףʧȥһ̱أ
һΣǱߵ˼㣡


828 Ů
䳹ױˣ
ҵĻƤ죬ۻۣۿϣ¶Ҫ䵱ɱ˻ǽѺһղϴĸ棬һղų
ȻֳͷҲΧ˶Ǹӵĺ棬Ϊ˲̸Ľ㣡
һʱ䣬򶼴˽յ飬ֻϧû֪֡
һǼصĲ¥żУһƺѾ˷ŷ飬Ա߲ϵϷֻ֣õĻޱϲͳ˲ٵΡ
ȻЩ죬˫ûмϣԴʱżеջΪǢ
ˣû̹ӴЦʵ
ǺǡҲ죡
쵹Ҳûֱӻصȴ΢һ£֮ЦݸΪãû뵽ǻǱأӣ֪㲻ǲʶأ
ȻܹʶС㣬ȷµң
Цף֮Ƕһ飬ἰľ诺ͶľʱҲֻ˵˵̡
ľ౾Ƕľ诵̣ƺҲ˵ùȥ
ܹʶλСŮӵң
õľ棬۵Ҳûٱֳһ˿İ̸ֹ価Դҹ緶ڸ⡣
Ӻͼλ򣬿²Ϊεİɣ
һ򵥵ĺ̽Եʵ
Ŷ
⻰ȴüëһǲ֪СΪΪ
ǺǡӲ˵СŮ֪
۶豭ŵĺһڣǳЦȲΪ˳ΪⲿԱ˵ĽСŮлмֻɵģ
Ŷô
첻÷ЦЦδ˵
״ȻɴЦݣȴЩΪҵĻС㣬ûһ˶ԴƽǱ˿䵽ϣ֪ж뷽跨Ҫ˵һ仰أ
Ȼ䣬ʱǲ¥ϰţȥŴ򿪣ûʵʲô£
С㣬Сˣȥϰ幪Ӧ
ѽ㾹Ȼˣ
ϰĻ۶ʱһ㾹ȻѾˣ̫ˣ
ʱ۾ͬ˷ܵСŮƵģּɫԶ

Щ΢㶣
ˣ֪ˣߺ㣬һ͹ȥƺЩ̫ȶ۱㳯ϰ˵
ǣС㣡
ϰ幪˳ȥ˳ŽŹغá
ųǸһЦ˼ӣҿҪ뿪ˣͼλ棬Ժпģ
õģ
ͷҲٶ˵ʲôǷֱͷ󣬱кŴͱ̶Ҵҵĳȥ
ȻǸϰеĺСеλȻΪף

ݣסż䣬ȴǺܿΨһһС
Ŷ룬վһȹûдκΣȴһеŮˣԼĪʮ߰꣬ѩһü£һͷںڵ㷢ɢڼϣٲһ㣬룡
Ҫһ˫һˮ֮ʣһŸ߻ʣһİȹ粻ʳ˼̻Ůٷһ㣬
Ůۿеġ㡯
ȫΪ֮Ϊĵλǲ˵ˣ
㣡
һɲǣ۱㳯˹ȥͬСӰĲЦݡ
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ͱ̶ΪɵǷ̬ޱȹ
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ŮҶ죬ԹԵ˳ȥŹغá
С۶ʮĴˣôСƵģ
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һԵɳ£ЦЦͻңǿܹﵽչصҪ󣡲С۶ĵߣú
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ǳЦЦ漴ȻС۶ұչ֮ʱһ£ϵҽѾ֣ҴӦ
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Ļ۵ʱָԼıӾȵ㣬ⲻܰɣôʶִأ
Ҳú֣
Ҳ֮ף˵Ѱ㣬Ҫ㣬ǧҪˣƢҲøһˣȻĶ޵ĳȥ
ѽ㣬˵ʲôأ˭Ҫ۶ʱһ죬ֻȥв
㰡Сԣ
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⣬һ£ڽڿдνѣ۵֣Ȼ
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ˣҲˣҸ㣬Ϊи׼Ҳ˳Һ˽İ취Ц˵
̫ˣҰɣ۴ߴٵ
㰡
Цã˵ԾɱչصǸ֮⣬Ҳֻк۹ãʱ۶ǳ絽˼㣬ü۴
С۶Ҫˣ
ɫһ࣬ɫھǱ򶫲ʮ⣬һٲձŴͱ̶ǰȥȻɱѣȴܹˣҲֻĽѲŻ֪ô
֪ˣлл㣡
صͷǹϵݲһϵظ˺ü飬ǿ¶һĨЦݡ
ˣҲ̫ģ
ḧ㷢νעģȴͬøǺûǻֻеȵ˲֪ǧҪסĻ
ţ
ٴף֮վչһ֫ԵˣҲҪȥˣīƽ㻹ڱչأҵȥνѹȥؼҺú
֪ˣ
۹ԹӦ£׼ʡīƽˡȴû˵Ѿƿ˳ȥۿЦãԶıӰͷ֮뿪


829 ٲ
ھ򶫲ʮ⣬һٲԻ죬˵ǰһνѣʱ֪Һ֮ٴδսٲǵʱսһնʶȡΪ졣
ЩٲѾΪǲòȥۿһ£мʳ֮ٲʱһҲԽǰΪҵһ־Ծ¡
ȻôҲͬףڹ˼ձڼŮǿҪ£һͬȥǱߡ
ٲߴףԼʮףȻ̫̫ٲв磬ȴһƣ˷׷Ϊ壬ܹоǰǳսһ㡣
ְ֣ˮ
Ȼĸ첲۾Źĵ
У
һ£漴ҡͷɲˮĵط㿴Χôˣûȥأ
ǡðɣ
ҲܹɣԴǿ
ƺе֣
һΧüǡŷ̾˵ˮ֮ڵĶ񣬿ΪʲôҾ｣ŨһЩ
˼Щֵԭɣ
ʼ磬Цôˣֻģúõķɷɣ
ţ
ĻŮ׷ףǰٲкټ֮ΧдеһУһַĵΧˣʱҲ׷ױٲӰ죬ɵһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ڲĻС㣿
ǰϼС㾹ȻҲˣ
СƯҪ˭Ȣܷܶٺܶꣿ
УƾӣͰȥɣ
Ҳֻ˵˵ѣСܹģסС㻹ĳˡ
˵ˣվǰ棬Ҳȷǳ߹ȥģֻ϶Ϊ
٣ǻĺԵأ
ڲ˹עĿУۺǴ󷽵Ĵı̶ʹŮߵǰֻϧֻǺ˵һ󣬱ǼŮյһ𡭡
㣬ѽ㣬㣬̡ɰ磬Ǻð
˵ĺν֮⣬۶ĴһкǺòĳν˵ͷ֮ǰμְˡ
۶
Ů۵ĳƺϽŮ֪ҵĹϵģ۵ʱĽ䵱ÿһŮ֮Ĺϵǣһ㣬ΧΪ֮է಻ѡ
䣬֮ǰǵòǹ˼ɵ˿ٲǰ¶кüаֱӶˣСͼŮĹϵ֮ãǶЩңһŭǿ½κ֮ء
ⲻò˵һˣ
۶㲻˵ڴ̵ôôп棿ʵ
ĲأԳпվ͵߰ȻȻȥ֮´γҲ֪ʲôʱˣ
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۵ɫܹùŮ
ֻǼ۲˵Ҳûжʰˡ
ٲˮڶԶˮγɵСϪûжϾʱʱмԾˮ棬Χ̴ӳ£ֶ̬У˷׷׳У̾ѡ
Ϧ֮ʱҪȥˣѾͷЩˣʶܿͬ˵˵ǽҪԵĶÿЦãΪŮ簮Ҳû˿ԥһһӦȻֱҪȥһʦˡ
ӻЩȴ΢һ˻ǶôֵƵġ
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ۣҾͲˣ
۾һͺϲԣôԶ֡
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ڻȥĵ·ϣΧһڻƻУɢһͷ֮УһƬƬҶ˽ɫĻһ㣬ټ֮ᴵ磬˴һĿУ˵ĲûһЩ¾֮ǰҪȥ˫ƺҪŬǰշƵġ
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ſң
һ죬Ļѳȥǽĳһۡ
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СȻ˲ţ涼ô֣
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Ϊ۵£ȴû뵽˾ƽȵģĻ֮ŮȻԹԵĵͷ˻ȥһĻǻΪ۾ˡ
νҲȥС㣬̣鷳עһΧ
쵭ķԸһ䣬漴Ŀ⳯ȥЦһɽǽҪ۴ߣ


830 ۵𺳣
ɲһʣǵʲôˣɺƽ
ɱ
м˫һУȴ͵μٶһ㣬һֱϮ죬ֱӳǱ߷˹ȥ
˵ʵԪһԪڣԪǰڣûڳĻһۿ»Ҫ˽ˣأ
״һԥĻȭӭȥ
ʱ䣬һƺ˾ûкˣԪڵʵȫչֳһ㳯ϯȥ
ͬʱԪǰ֮ȴѾ˵۽ǰۿ۾Ҫ̶֣ʹǱǿѹƵҶľȻƽȴĲĿֱֲӽԪǰ֮ķ˿ȥ
ǿ
۾˫ۣ뵽ûĻڶû취վ˵ˡ
С㣬ģ
ڶľ˺󣬱̶ʹæǰνһۣͬ籣м䣬ǰľҲǳųȻվǰսţɫЩء
Ѿͷȴ˷ܵ˫ۣԸǰκһ㾫ʾͷ
ء
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趯ϵؽâ񵲿ȥȻÿһεĸ񵲶йɾϮԳܡԭȹ˿ȴɿת˷״ַ̬ȴҲȫֵܿһâֱϮԼٶֱӶ˵硭
Ҳ֪ǷɺϣǶλøպþǸղűץ˵λãô˶ʱɫһףʹͷ϶亹ӸĿ첽ˣ̬˼㡭
ǧ㣬ôҲû㵽쾹ʵֱ˼飡
˿̣ԱߵһսУڶľŵǿУԪǰ֮˱ñףֱͳɳƵģһ㻹֮ûУ
ȻľֻԪڵʵȴԿȲٵԪڣҲ֪Ǻַ¶Ժʥǿȣ˷ܵĿУԪǰ֮˿νǳ׵ıˡ
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ҡ
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ĸеӦһͬһϿⷬУǻԹȥ῾Ǳʹˣ˸ɲǱʱʹ˸үҪС

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漴˸ĿŮɨֳɱĶһۣǴ˱үĹѵǲ֪ҲҪôñүδ棿
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ŭ죬Ҫ֮ʣȴǱһֻ˻ȥֻǰһǲ֪˸үҪʲôĽ


835 ƽļʱ
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˲Υ棬ϵľʹ˸Աȥ˵Ҳˣͬɥ֮ȮƵǱѡ


836 ƽϢս
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û˵ԭҾϲɱ˵ˣ

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˷ܼܹ˵õԼүүϢ˵ǵȫѹ򣡶ŮҲ׷¶˲õЦݣͬСӰ˷ģǶһ۲ɵЦ

ֵܣҹĿ࿴
ڶʱ֣ڼĵһۣЩЦõĵû뵽ֵһͺݺݽѵǸ˸һ٣Ǽһƽŵúܰû뵽˱񣬹
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ͷӦİɣⲿսĵһöˣڶ͵ģҲǵģ

⻰ʱЩЦã֪ŻԴأ


837 սʼս
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İֽǼһˣƽίҲֻܹԹԵ뿪ŮЦѣע⵽ƽ֮ʱְֳԹŮЦ˲١
ʱ䣬һű˹עĿ⣬ϾǰսѵῺ˸˵αٵ˿ԭΪǻ˶ˣڿƽµģ󣬲ɵö˵޵ĺ棬ԾΪǼ飬˶ǾԶ֮Ψֻǻ
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һһҺĹУԸٶȳ󵹷ɶѪγһ޵Ѫ磬׹֮Ҳ˻е֮⾹ȫ졭


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΢΢ȴǽųһۣڨЦջĿʱŮȴ˲ɫûɫĳˣ

ͷߣʱѾ֣ٴγԶĻսг˹ȥֹĲ֪ЩʲôʵȫչֳʱսеʹӴ˲١
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843 ƽ֮Ԫףả
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844 ʹŹảǳԪ
һ֣˲Ẻļŭ졣
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һȭһţȭȭŽŵĺϣʹϣʼĲŭģֱһЦ
СҲСֲϽкãҲˣһ´ģŮһۣǿЦá
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飬ˣʵ
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ԪѾ˲ӡټ˵ԼӵľˣһҲԪԽĶĺøС
Χϻ㼯ڹȥʱңƽЦʵǴӵԪ۷ͻƵ˵ԪڣڱǳԪľ޴ҩЧУʵڿٵţȻûٴͻƣҲﵽ˵Ԫ۷壬ԪҲһ֮ң
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ʱƽ䣬֮ǰֵõһϢҪҵԨѾųˣ


845 ټƵǰˣ
ƽջǺˣ֪µĳīƺԪ֮⣬ֻǼƽЩ̴ӻ֪߻ȥ֮ƽȻװһδģԻˣǸߣȻܹԻ೤ʱ䣬Ҫʵˡ
ܼΪƽеõ˹үүԨеϢ޲ھȥԨүԴ֮ѾܳһʱûˣһԷڵ֪ɵΪүүĲѡ
һȥ˹һһӵЦֵܣģҾ֪϶ʧû뵽㲻õⲿսĵһúīƽΪ˵ûٺ١ҵĸǰ
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Ļǲκɻ󣬺ܿ˱ͨ㳡Ƶ⡭
ſڣСƵտɫǻԵĴֲת춨һ־ǶһصסΪҪǣоһֺǿհѹһϴĸо˵桭
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ʱ죬ȴǱһǿ΢΢ͷ亹ðʱһֵµĿܣһҲԽļеǹɲ䡭


846 үүԨ
ʱԪɫЩɻƵģǸû˿
ıЩأվŻͳǵĲԪ˸ȴ˸ϲõĹâǿǺ޲ͳϣҪܹ˶жȥǶ⸸˵Ҳˡ
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䣬콫ʮڣ͵뵽Ƶڣɵɫһ䣬æ˫ۡ

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ƽػصڱǱҲһңȻ϶Ȳңܹʤںܰ

ڨڨһЦ˵ʵڵģλ϶춼˽⣬ҪȰ˵Ҳûкʵİ취
˵ģ֮ǰֳʮˣ

ʱ建Ե㿴ڼȻѾˣҲμһεս˵ʵҲûжĶУôүүԨʵ˵ǱؽգҲԼҪչػָΪѾˣүһ棬Σ
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ȴǲڣعҵģһֱ棬Ҳͼȥ飬ȴûȡκЧΪΨһһ֮󣬹һоٴα³˼λ֮⣬֪
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855 ǿƣ
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856 ȡ裨ϣ
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ԪǱ˿ɲҵ飬æʵ߹

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ĳҲȻǵĳˣ۾ĵְ֣˵ǸܺͰܴүү𣿡
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ţԴһЩѾͷҲܵϲʱͬͰһĿɰ²ƺĿġ

Ԫ״֪ԼҲܵȴȥͨһֱӹ˵ϡ
Ŷˡ
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˵ŶүүԴ˼ʲôƵģԥҧָүүЩ˵𣿡
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ûĻɣЦһСѾͷİɣүүһ
ðɣүүһŶ
СӵͷĴЦ糯Աȥʱ㴫Ѿͷֵ𿴵ԽЦȻμĲʱ䣬ĵϲÿɰСѾͷ


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ԭˣҵȷǴˣ
ЦЦ㰡ԺúõصĻҿɾҪˣ
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ЦЦɵʼһжԸüɣʲôܹ鶼ֱϵѪҲ̫Ϊˣ뾭£Ӧû򣡡
ĻһۣǳģɵοһЦ׵ðһӣǾģֻҪڹ˱һ
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˵ţǵЦУѾͷǱ˹ȥʱһġүүŮһЦɵøΪһ


858 ƽˣҹ̿ͣ
ƽү̿Ūˣܶ˵Ĳ̽ȷϢ
ҵƽүûΣգպɻָѣʱȻƽүе֪̿͵ݣ
ƽ˼ʱ䣬ڵٴν˲٣ƽĽ˸λŭƱҪǴ̿ܣ
ضķԸУͬһ㼱תλ߶ܵһЩʣ
˭Ҳ֪ʵһ֣һ죬ƽԼͬµľ֣
Ȼƽ̿Ϯɱ˵ȷʵȴûдеôأ
ƽԺ䷿Χ໤һһıţ˵õ⣬˸ǰ̽ӡ
ʱ죬ƽԼƽĸԪȴⷿкСƣζȣ˿ûֽգԵޱ⡣
簡׻Ҫװð
ƽһƣĵҶû߳ˣƵûţ
㶼Ҵȥ
ûĵ㱾˴̿Ϯʲôװ
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ƽɥԪ׵˵ˣƽĻɣҪʲô⣬Һĸô죿Сǰεò׻صͳúõϢϢ
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Ҳ֮СӾԲ˵㣡㲻һֱҪҪԲĸģҿһǱ뱨ɹˣ

ƽε̾һʵҲ֪ΪԼã֮ǰıԹҲֻϰʹȻˡ
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֣˫΢ĳҹƣҲҪʱˣ㲻֮ɻָΪԷһԻģ
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ϲ֪ʱ죬ûĳƽһۣⱾС飬㲻˭˵ˣⲻûô˵

ƽʱͷߣȴҲûߵǰЦˣҲˣԴ䷿һֶȻôȫֱ޴ʹǿģ
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ƽȴǴ˹ٺЦ簡ˣҪզ˵Ҹأ

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˵Ҫһλ߶򣡱Ͼʥɲνʥһһ죬֪Ѷ֮󣬾ǳġ
˵ǱߵУӸտʼʹŤ𽥱ƽһЩ
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861 ϲ̣
ӼԺӻѾǹȥһʱڼ䲻ôѯֻǿõһЩλ֪ͨǸطϣŶԹ֮⣬һжûκδ𰸣ͬһסƣһͷǸصϷǣš
ܹ˳һ׷ȥпܲ鵽Ϸ˵ݣֿȴ΢΢ﶼ䵽˺棬ȻѪڱʲôӡԾӲһ;
Ǹ۬ȴǻţֻɱӰ죬ûһʶֻҪһŭΪ⿪ô۬Զôȥһֱ
صɽԼԺУŮѾͷ˯ȥ׼ϴ˯ʱȴǺȻһ֮һӴٶ֮զ࡭
ȴûע⵽黳б˯ȴһ˫ƯĴ۾һĨ֮ɫ૵Ľ˼ְ֡ٴ˯ȥ
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췴Ӧʱһץ㽫ץС
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ǲ֪νӿڣȻȲٶǰ֮пܱľȡ֮ȴǶϵĴڣѰ˵ôмĻ
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컹뵽аԼתǸǰֻŮͬŵǵĳ̶ǲмڸԼģǰͬһˡ
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ĸף
Ůһ㶣ЦСһ˵ǶľĶľذɣҲŲأСһ治ʶô֪֪鵤ųȥжͷѪ㻹İˣ㣬ҪҰ
˵棬Ůֺɸֵ˼
ʱ컹ûӦɲǣǱһԵٴԶ𣬶Զ򿪣ǿ˸߲ʹâ鵤ȥ
Сһ˵ҪͲҪҽ컹Ҫȥˣ
Ůдһ˿Ϸʣʱɫһ䣬Ҫ׼ɲǣȴǾûһǿǲܿƵſŮЦ鵤Ѿ뵽С
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СһҪǿĺǡһƢ
ŮֲѣĻһ͵˷ٶ첻ŵҩҩԣʥԺ·Щһ˵桭
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ڵĻǻᾪȵӶֱӵڵذɣ
ʱһһĹȥ֪׹ȥãֻʱµõԼĿȨ
ڵﲿλԭҺԪȻŨʮЩ䵽ʱܳܵļޣԺЩʥָʹȻûֱͻʥ򣬵ֻҪչһգܹЩʥ鳹գôضԳɹͻ
һУɵɫһϲڶȻоеŮӵĺ治ѡ
Сһ֪ûк˰ɣ
ŮʱԵЩƣεĵû뵽ôۣСһﻹأߣˣ
ǰʲôˣʵ
Ͳ㣡
ŮһЦ漴ˣѾˣСһסˣ׼͸¶ҵĴڣҿĲŶأҿԻشһСС⣬Խ̵Ŷ
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862 ɣ߲ʽƣ
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˵ģǴʥһʥأҪĲ꣬ʮʱ䣬쾹Ȼֻôʱֱӿ˵ȥ¶Ըţ
ܹԣɹʥ֮٣ɹﵽʥأһֵ˷ܵ飡


864 ĳԨ
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ĺüʱУÿնڲϵϤȹԼľ磬ǰʱһֱôӰүүԨҲѾʱ죬ʱȹ̣
Ҫǣʥƿص˲ƣ˳ˣֻΪʵֻʥصԵʣ˲Ƶľ޷үүȣϾ˲ƵľԶҪʵԼƿصľǿ
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ƵУԨүʱ򣬼ԼλѵȺڴˣλ֮⣬ƽۣڣԼһЩϤȴֱֵ֪ϵѪȻͬƽ֮ԪĳһĲ屲
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ˣһӣ漴һźɫǷɵͷϿգɫĵеĽ⣬ܿЩ㼯һЩ֣˴ʱҲ̧ͷĶţɵһɫΪ죬Ƶڵնڴ˿˲١
ֶⷬΣȴͷһοɵЩ΢ȷ̫һЩ


865 ľԼ
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˵ľһһţΪľǧ棬ʮѾԪڣпʮ֮ǰͻʥ򣡡
ŭɱһŲϲŭԵľǧʢɣҼǵãСֻʮ԰ɣ

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뵽㣬ϵıϢԽأʲôһ
ȴüͷ΢壬о͵ĵ⣬ɵɫ˲٣ڵˣȳְɣ


866 ͵Ĳ͵Ϯƽͻƣ
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ܺã죬ҵ뿴㵽ʲôʵ
͵û˿ŽâһֽȥƷӿһ֮սĸо
̨ϣȼ˿üͷ͵ĸйٸӲá
ͣˣԺúúõع۲۲ˣױã
˵λҲ׷׵ͷ
ڽʲôսԾභ
ŭǻˣ룡Ըˣҽ
ƹܼ影͵Ĵϣ˵ɱڵġ
ڵڣ˵ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ӧûģ
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ڼλ϶Ի֮ʱǰսѾ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȣ
ŶӦ˵͸ֹ֣ͬһûκͣЪȴԵǰ߶ȴÿһܹǡõĶ͵Ĺƣ͵ĹûκãԼΪԪԼŭĳӯԽż޲һ㽫նڽƵġ
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ÿһǷǮƵģҪǿһֱϵŪѾˣ
ΧΧ۵Ĳ˷׷׵ţûһ˱ֳ͵ĺøУǶԣ¾ǵĳҲΪ͵Ϊֻǲû̫ıʾˡ
죬бͲҪ㣡ҹһս
ʵЩܲסˣŭ
ķŭΪ죬Χ˵ۣŭɫЩ졣
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ĺУ͵ɫԵޱɲ
ǽһĻȴó֪ʵļ˶׷׳סˡ
ۿһĲӣȴǻ֣ʳָָʱ佫ǽмסΧЩ籩˲ʧͳֽҲ֮չֳ˫еľ֮ɫǾɣûӸڵϡ
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˶ʱ̨ŵļλҲɫ˲䣬ôҲû뵽;Ȼ͵Ϯ֮£ֻΪǶΣҲûгֹ
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ԭ׼˵ȴУ˲ֱϥ˾ǷɿĽ뵽붨״̬

˿ƽĿĽǺεĻԵͻ򰡣
ɢˣ
״Ҳһϲæǰ˸Ͻ˳ȥֻƽڡ
Űʱ֮ŵڵһ˷ܺУƽȻͻƣʵҲԪǰԪڣ֪ʡ˶ʱ䣡
ƽϽȥúȹһ£
ɫڲžŲʣԺһҪŬȡմﵽʥ򣡡
ǣƽ֪ˣ
ƽҲ֮ף֮ǰѾ˲ٵ˼ȴҲȷ˴Һܴľϲζʱˡ
磬㻹ûߣ
뿪Ƶƽ˵죬̴˹ȥǳƨĵ磬ҲԪˣû㶪ɣٺ١
Сӡ
Цãһ߰ɣȥȹ̾磬Ҳ˳һĴ򶷾飡˴ǰȥľ壬ûеô򵥣
ٺ١иæСҿ֮ˣ
ƽƤЦţһͬٵ뿪ˣǸո߳ƵļȴıӰɫԵΪӣʲôصƵġ


867 Ĳ²Ͽɣ
ƵǸƧСԺУһſɢ£ȴûе⣬ϵĸ֮ɫš
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ԨܿˣûдһˣҲӦԸ

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ԨѾҵĳˣ
𻺻ԵЩĲ֪òʡ
˵ԨЩȻҸӵɫһ⣬æ
ʵҲûʲô̫飡
̾һȴֺȻЩԥ˶ٺ󿪿ڵԨĻɣʵЩ»ܴ鷳
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ţ
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ﺧȻԨȴЦݵػصʵĸףҵĶѾʧʮˣӦʮ꣬ʮյʱѾˣܶҶѾɣȴ֪ΪȻϣпУ
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ȻУ
ԣԨЦڻԪ½Ƕʱ䣬ҲչһЩĿľҪΪѰϧһֱûϢԲžֻضûȥһ͸˵ȥˣ
ҿԷԸҺҵĸһæѰң
ЦЦԨǸмл
һֱ˵ĶӣôĶϱĸأòҲ˰ɣʵ

Ԩһٵһԣ˵֪Ƕϱʣ±Ҳʧˣֱûĸף
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Ԩ̾Ͳ鷳ˣҲ˷Ѽľ
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ҡ⡭
Ԩһʱͣ裬ûٶʲôֻǸģȴԵʲô붼˫һ㣬ԨֿЦ

˺һԨſЦڵҵȷóˡԨð׿߲µʲô
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Ƿ·ԿĵУԨ֪Ѿûκ塣
ܹΪˣô
⣬ĸӦǶľ˰ɣ
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һж˵ˣ
Ԩ̾ĸ׵ȷǶľأҲ֪ǶľˣҲضڱľ˴֮󣬴µһв֪ģ
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˶ŭĻֻһˣҺͶľ໥ĶԹ֮ã˵ûκνٵĻԨĵǾŵģ
Ԩʵ벻ͨʲô뷨
ˣʵҲûʲô㲻õģ
ǿԨ룬ЦЦҲ޹ģҼȻܹΪҵĻΪĳϣû̫⣡
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Ԩһֵл֮ʱȴǰ˰ֵмǱ˵ȥ֪ǰֳĵڶ࣡˿ˣá
˵ֳɵڲỮܼǾɱڡ
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µ˼ɣλ϶ûߣммǣֹ
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ԨͷɫΪȻ
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Ԩˣ
ܿ죬Ԩ뿪ˣǣŲ豭̧տʣɫԾԵüΪӣ૵ϣεѡûҿ¾Ļٲ֮ˣ

ʮպڼĳԨĴУƽԼܹ̤ǰľصĵ·
ǿЦãŮãȻв͵ǣȴҲûֹϾǶ֪ǵǶľˣεľˣ֪Ҫʱ뿪֮Ѿͷһֱ죬Ǽҹҹˣˮ˵ˣټŮԵȰ˵ѾͷҪһͬǰĴ㡣
뿪غȻ뵽һ¶˵үүѵ뿪ͲĻʲô鷢ô
˵Ȼָ֮ǰǸϷ˵ˡ
Ǻǡ浱벻ô
ԨЦЦ˵ڳȥҲÿðеĳЩи
֪ˣ
Ȼֲüλأԭڴ˰
һ͸
Цˣ˵ˣǸϽ߰ɣľؿڱأף˵ƺҲ㴴µɣʱ仹磬ȥǱ߿
ð
Ľ飬쵹ҲȻͬ⣬ʱָ㣬ҵаɷŻŽǷһͳأٺ١
⻰һʱüЩȻ˻Ԫ½ϵаɷţԨЩЦãֻҪԼҪ飬үүĶȫ֧֣


868 عаɷţ
ͨʱǸһ˺ܿǽ뵽˱ĵؽ磬ҲЩеļӹҰڴ
ȥصʱ˵˵̲̣žʱ䣬аɷŵķչ϶Ҳʮֿ٣Ϊڴ
ƽΨһһȥаɷŵˣһ·Ҳϵĸ˽аɷŵķչʷԨλοѣж˼Ľ
ҵλͣЩһִţģһȴеĻҵûҵľ
н𺳣ǿƻڣΪ廤ǺǶ͵⣬ֵ˼㣬޹غ䣬ֻһʵǿ
ֵܣɲԸңڵʲôʵ
·ϣļ򣬺Ǻڴʵ

Щ΢ʵռҪǾԱܵģɴ˷ѯʵЩ֪ôźá
ɣСˣ
ͷЦЦͷҪ˵֮ʱƽȴǰ棬ֻЦٺ١磬Ҹʵ϶Ҳµ˵İɣҪҸһ£ɽȵ콵󡭡
콵󡭡
Ŀһݣھɫܾòʲô󣬷ʥ֮ٵĽƣѵ˵ˣ
㵱Ȼ˵˹ʱҾڳأ
ƽԼؿڣٺЦ磬Ѿʥ˹ҿɲһʥأһͻƱʥأʱסأ
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ûһһϵЦݣ֪ƽδ˵ѡ
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Ǿͱ˵
ʼ磬Цŵʲôʵܹ鶼ѪֵܣڵѪԶʧģ
ԣǶֵܣ
Ļƽصͷ˶һЦֵڴʱŨ࣬ǰŵԨλ¶һĨοЦݣ
壬ҪĻŽᣡ
ұȲľʹû䣬ֻҪܹŽһģ۳һǽҲδûĻᣡҪһ㣬ˣ
֪֮ʮа˾űҵǣֻҪڣҾδûлָٹһ̣
ˣ
һͣסŲɫȻڶʥ֮ٵʱһֻ޺Ȼڳ̶֣̻ɷǺ
԰԰磬ˣһֱҲʵʱ䣡ƽҲڱ˵
ðɣѩƣ
쵱ʱʧȥʶģǴʱȻἰû뵽ⷽ档
ɽȴ޶ֱѩӡ׹֮⣬˵ˣһëû
Σ˿ЦãΪơ
ȿȡ˼ѩƸղͨϵңҪ˯֪ҪʱڨЦ
ʵһû˵ѩƸ˶ɽ֮ʱΣѩ֮Գ˯Ϊ˽ƵҪһʱò˶ѩƱٴνס
ԴˣҲȻǿѩҪ˶Ӱ쵽ǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ĽͣҲû̫⣬ֻƽɲ죬˵ǵѩƴӳ˯ѺһҪһʱԴڴӦֻʱϲκγŵ

аɷţȻڣڸʯԼλ£ɴ׶ΣֻǴҶ֡ʵǿֻںĳ̶ȡҪ£ɵ̫࣬Ļϻü֮ࡣ
ֻνз磬аɷŵķչõ˷ѩɽׯȵĶ֧֣ڱһ֮УȴҲ˼ʳޣ̶ʱ֮бвٵ̽ӷ׷ߣϧΪаɷҳ϶ȺܸߣЩܴ̽̽ϢҲٵÿҲ͵ԽԽĸ̽ӷӿ׽аɷ˷˼֮ϡ

һ̻ɽʱɽµ֮ȴһ۱ϳ죬аɷ˵˿̼ѡ
ʲôˣĬ԰ɣҼǵ㵱ʯ°ɣЦĬļ
Ȼʶң
ĬĲᶼˡ
˵ĬһֱֻһСʯ࣬ʯаɷŸҲһ룬˵һСĲС
һŬĬѲӵһӳֵҲʮˣרŸѲ̻ɽĬôҲû뵽С쾹ȻȻǵã
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ĬذȥʮҲ׷¹Щ˶뿪֮¼ģһֱֻˡ
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ЦЦ˰ͷУĬļ򣬡úøɣȽȥˣ
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Ĭ˵ĹУ򵼣˻ű̻ɽȥ
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ɽСϣܷ羰续ȴаɷ˵ϲ˷֮Ҳ׷ЦŵͷڼʶһЩ˺ͣ˴кЩ˷ܲѡ
Ȼ򵥰
;һУο˵Ǵһ棬ԿаɷŵԨţиӰ
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ԨȻĵͷĿ佱ЦԵаɷȻʵǿֻҪһӵչԲ˵һ㣡
Ŷһ㣿ʵ
һҵˣɲԨӣԨЦ
˵öԣ˵öԣ
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һɽ·˲һʱɽ۴аɷɽׯУֺȴû˿ݻԳţԨ̾ѡ
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Ϊ׵ĺȻаɷŸʯ࣬ʯվǧԼ¾£ұǼ飬һ裬Ḷ̌ڻһڤãΪƹаɷŵϢԴܣν֮أ컹ûԸʵѡ֮ǰڤλʯΡ
˵⼸λаɷ֮¾Եĸ߲㣡ûй֮ǰʯҲûȨȥģȻаɷʱ淢չҲ벻Щ˵
˾Ե˦ƹ
ҵȲμ
߽ʯĴ£˷׷׹¾ԴаɷűһֱḶ̌ʱλ˵˫һĨֻûע⵽ˡ


869 аɷŵĸӾأ
аɷɽׯԺУˣԼʯаɷŵĸ߲׷
û˵Ԩľݣֻ˵ǶĳʯǼƽλֱϵүģû˵Ҳ˲Ĳ²⣬ʶڶԴԨʱ˶Ե쳣Ȼ̬ǲҲԽ⡣
ʯ㽫뿪ʱаɷŵķչȫ˵˳ȻҲ֪˦ƹƢʶҲֻѡܶҪ˵ٽλ߲Ĳϲ䣬Ҳû˿ĸɬԵȤ
ʯĽףаɷȻѾԶԶ˷ѩɽׯȣΪⷽԲʮ֮ھԵĵһټϷѩɽׯȶаɷŽãһҲԽаɷŵ˳ȥ˵Ϊ˲֪˲
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Ц׵ֻǻҪ뿪еһжǰļֻǻʯʹˣ
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ʯҪǵˣȻ춼ô˵ˣҲԥֱԵаɷڷչ̫죬ӣٵ߼嶼̽ڱ̻ɽͶϻɽߣ¼ʱټ˵ľ⣬ԲûЩ̽̽Ϣ
ôȥҲһ취
ʯüͷңһʱ䳤ˣⲻᱻץӺ©ľַش֮µĻᱻһЩץסᣬǽдѹ
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Ĭһʵʯ磬Щʲôڶǣ
ܴܶ࣡СУ
ʯԵʵڱ֮ĻҪľ壬˼ұϾ۷֮һҲܹҵףЩǵУȴһͶľֲϵ
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⻰һüëĵĸ
ңǶľĸ壡ʯʱص
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ĮڵĽڶľģѵ˵ʯ˵ĽҲҲɣ
뵽첻ɵЩЦ֪㲻㡮ԩҲͷأ
֪ңʯȻλҲ׷׳˹һֱû˵Ľˡ
ţ֪һүΪĮĻҾ͸֪ˣ
ͷʯıȴǱЩŹ֣㻹˵׼ˣȷһĮҾ֪νĳµˣҲǸĮ

⻰첻һۣǡԵ֡ţ
ἰǸĮĪǾǴˣʱԨҲʵ
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ͷ漴ֳʯʵʯ磬ô˴ζǵ߼УǲԽǿ
ǿңһǽңһȴΪޱڤõȥޱΪǳΪأɳȥ˸ûв鵽κ̫õϢǳʵӦʥʥؾͲȷˣ
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ׯǺܼᶨվߣû˿ԥȡ
˵ʯһĨԥЦȵЩɣٶϣʱҲһ·ֻȵļλƺЩƫڽң佪Įǰʱ仹Щ˽Ӵڽ̸Щʲô
ȡ
ʱ˫΢С
ҵȱ̻ˣԭΪ᲻һеվԼߣɷûô̫ϵķѩɽׯⲻɵЩʧ
վ֪İ
̾һȵļλĻλ廹Ļѡ񽪼ҡ
аɷţϾʱ̫̣黹Щ׽ġ
ȻѾֵزǾ͸ɴһɱӺ
Ƭ̣Եʯ磬ȥҵаɷȫԱ߲Ϣˣȫ£ȲҪŴʱȹѺڶϻɽǱߣ
⡭
Ļڳ֮˶סˣһԽаɷƵĶ棿
ҵģ
֣ļڶҳĮȽ֮ߵפأҾͲЩˣ

ֱһǽҿǶľĸĮǽҵĶүǽЩȫǳ׵ĸҽ
ϣƽĴ󵨸סˣΨԨλһЦȻǶµ֮ضİ취ֻҲ̫ΣһЩһߴ벽аɷűضɻ𡭡
ģ̫ˣ˵
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¶һĨЦСӾȻҲڣү㵽׸ʲôȻĻ
ʱʯ˾ɫУ⣬ʯ磬ҵׯһˣҵҪǵʲô̬ȣȣߣ
ðɣǺܺð죬ʯӦ
⣬ҵаʽع飡
˵ţ͵شվǵѣԼѡҲһѪǧ
ڻԪ½ϵѪټ϶ϻţǬŵȵȵľ˲˼Ѫ𺳣аҲ˵
ʱܵ컰еְȻʯ˶׷վӦŵһôΪаɷţ˺ЩĻƴʹ죡
ĿʱĽҲ˵֮⣬òϣȷŲͬ˵⣡˵ģƴһսȾûжܹȵϡ
ͰķԸȥ죡
ʯ˵һ̤ĳȥЩĵǶȫڣеֻһǻѪһǻΪаɷŶѪǧķ


870 ľͣǿԣ
磬ڵ֪֮󣬽ӵʯķѩɽׯׯԼȹ̸ϵΪ˱ʾ⣬ǵˣδκһӻ߻
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ȴЩǸΡ
˵ʵŴģȼΪϵ£ΪԼаɷ٣иоԼǶԲֶΪĶҲΪüκַƷȰ˵Ļ綼Ѿֱҳˡ
壬ׯǿ
쵹ûиʲôɫͬǰЦǺǵģⷬľٶȴʹ֮
ʱԺУ⣬ԨλүӣƽĴȥ̻ɽȥˣƽѾǺϤ󲿷ֵ˶ʶֱϵүҲõĻᷢʲô⡣
壬ׯҸǽһ£
ЦŵҵүүԨһλҲҵĳǿԽϣ
ĽʮģʱɢֵϢ𵴣ָоһҪǶ֣Ҳǻᱻɱ³
ʥأȴһ֮Уò˵ȷǺ𾪵飡
ڴʱиھɫͬԼȳҪнҵĴ㣬λϵĳ֣Խᶨе뷨
֮⣬үүԨҲˣȻĸоûôǿȴܹͬоԨʵҲ˵ܱȵ˵ģ
ھĽܺ껺˶ĳԨһ֮ĹλѩɽׯׯȴһȻľ⣬˵ڶԴԨʱӹ֣һķĵģһȴЩ졭
ȷ˵ׯڴ֮ǰǲʶүүԨģ֮ڳĹȻⲻɵ첻졭
Ҳûȥô࣬ЦǺǵ˵ׯλǼһλҲڵʱ䣬Ҳλչˣ
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ׯ˵ĲҲ֮ס
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˵һЦȻϾаɷԼ飬λ㲻æҲκε뷨Ǻǡ
⻰Ȼһ̽
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һĨ𣬵˵Ŀɾͼˣǰ˵໥չ˵ģаɷѣҷѩɽׯԹۣ㾡ȫׯ֮ҲȻκʧ
⻰˵쳣ᶨڸΪжȴɻ
ûǸţܹ÷ѩɽׯׯ˲һеĸп϶ʲô֪顣
ʱ˵ŵԨһۣɻ
ׯˣ
ǷǷѰЦ壬
ֶĶԲ㰡
˵ʲôЦȻΪϣǵľҲ޷
˼ǡ첻ɫĵ
Ĭһ£ǿЦǽǶľĸʵǿ˷ӹǽҶүĮó֮ʵԪ۷壬ҪһĮƺܵľӣԣƺͿҪӭȢľһСˣʱұضһ¥
Įʮ꣬˵пʮ֮ǰͻʥ򣬿ǾԵ
ҹλҲǿһ㣬˵ڽңȴҲԲԸ뽪ҽ񣡡
Ҹ˵ʮֶ֧ģϧǡ
˵һ̾Ρ
壡
쵹Ҳû̫֣˶ٺаЦĮ˲ټаɷţǹڵλϻ᲻ȥѡʾޱأ
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Щ䳰Ļϳ֮ɫε̾Ҳ֪Ӧò˰ɣλҲ˵İɣ
Ǻǡ˭֪أ
ʼ磬֮ΣʱȻλ϶һľ񣬿ȴҲܴʲô
ղ˵Щ֮˲ټаɷţڱϺĳҲǻһ´ʱЩѹֵա
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΢΢һЦҲûȥӽʲô
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ʱ̧ͷ죬ɫֶǰҾͲ˵ʲôˣھ͸ϻȥһ˵λϣһֱаɷŵľѣһ㲻ı䣡
˵ţֱվϵԨ˹˹ֱֺ뿪ˡ
ģ쿴ÿЦáʱе΢һЩ̬һٲᵣվһߣ
ȵλϣټȵĵӣ˵ʵڵģݺʵûнǷУվ˽һΣҪȥҲֻǷַӵˡ
ڵȷ˾ģ
ѾʧЦЦ
ţʵҲϣϣ
ĬĬףֻǱߣǺǡ
ûж˵ʵûʲôϵõҲֻ껸˰ˡ

κߣԶ
ķԸУʯ巢ԣ
ʱ䣬˷׷׸е˾Ե𺳣ȺԿ´󲿷˵ҡ
ⷬǿƵԣʱԭʹڷ˼ϵаɷţٴγ˹עĽ㣡Щûжаɷʲô˼аɷŵ˵ȴһ־޴Ĵ̼аɷһ˵ȸŽһ
аɷŷ֮󣬷ѩɽׯҲ֮ԣȫ֧аɷţͬڣ
ûжһûбʾаɷŵ֧֣ȴҲͬûбʾҪ׷潪ңƺһ̶ˮҲ֪ҴҸϻȥ׷Щʲô
æȡڤõϢԼ˼ӦаɷŵΣǶȵľٶûʲôģֻҪǲվڶ漴ɣǷǾһ˵ˡ
ҵ˵ã˵һ¹ϵаɷŽҪ飡գʯ첽ߵ˵
ҵˣ
쵹һ漴߰ɣȥҵĮҪʲô
˵ţʯ˱ȥ˻ڣȴֻһİˣȴڻԪ½ϼĽĮ


871 ٴ򹷴Ӳ
İ˴ʮңʵԪǰڣҲʮֲˣڽ֮еĵλҲ͡
һĸ߰񿴲Ƶġ
ʯಽʱʱվǲ͵ĳʲôаɣֵǲһ㶼£
󵨣
ԣʯʱɫһĺȵ
ʯ𼱣
ȴЦЦʯ󣬳˵ĵаɷ˵£ǲҲԱһ¼ţĪǽҵļҽ̾ˣǺǡñٹĿ࿴
죬㡭
˱ŪŭΪ˽ҵӣǿŭ죬ˣҽн˹һӸӳ˴θŶٳ£
ԭǽ˹ӳ
һȻӣ˹ҲǸ߰ͷƺܹӦƵġ
ͷ˹Ŀ佱ȴû뵽һ䣬Ц˼ټʶֱɣû˵ӳţʲôֱ˵ˣ˵걾ٻ׼ٻȥúõϢϢ
㡭
˹ҧҧ޲ýǰƤ
֮ǰĻ˹ȴٴνŭҧгݰĵ죬Ƿ˶֮ǰ
㴴аɷŲףֻҪаɷһ˵ȹ鸽٣뽪ңٿԱ֤аɷź𣬽ķչҲؽԶ󣡡˹˵Ծɺư

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ʯӦһߵǽ˹ǰһƣ£ɣ

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СĴָͶ䣬мƲٲ룬ٲԸ⣬˰ɣӳɣٲˣ
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˹죬Ҹ㣬ǶүžģҲӦʲôԼӦף
ô
ԵмЦǱٵ뿴ʲô

˹ƺѾϰ˱˶ΨΨŵŵŲãûŻ˼ҽҶүĮô
˹ŭУҧ죬ٸһλᣬˣȻүһŭаɷűصԲ˶ߣҲԶˣ
в٣
üëһаЦʱԱߵʯҲսȭͷֻҪһ£̳֣ǽ˹Ķ֣ȴҲԲԸ⿴Ž˹죬аɷţ
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˹߰ڴʱţֻЦҪ֪ǽʲôĴڣǶүΪľĳܹ׷үϱĸ
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˫һ̯ĵˣߵĻٲ
ң
˹۾һɣŭҿǽһӵĸӳڸǴүҪǸҶһë˵үˣҲԲŹ㣡аɷŶڽ˵һЩϣֿ𣡡
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ԣȴЦǿձٻİˣٵ뿴еĶүеĽΪЩʲô
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أ
²δʹ˲ƣٶ֮죬ȴҲһֵܹ˵ģ
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ס֮󣬽˹һѪ˳ȴƺղôһܵģŭлһƻħһ˸ոߵſڵ졭
󵨣
аɷŶ֣
ģ
˷ĶȴΧаɷ˵ļٸϵкȻǧԼĽ̡

ֽٳĽ˹˫һ˿â絯ɰȻ߳ʱֻóѵ𣬽ű˹һԸٶٴεɶ˴εľ֮ϴθԶһЩһؿѾһЩȻعǶ߶˺ü
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üѪ˹ߵԼһϽѪ£Ѫں죬ɱңȻҽ˹췢ģһҪţ
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ʵҪһŪˣ
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Ťͷʯȥʯȴֻ˵һ֣ɱ
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ʱۼڴ˴ǰԽԽаɷҲ׷׸ţɱǽ˹ҲǿӲηηһ˫֮ǰޱư˫ۣʱȴǳǰδĿ־壡
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Է彪ңܵشҪˡ
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ʼ磬ɱ˶ѣʲô˵ģ

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첻ɫʵʲôݣ
˵ǽĳλϵĵϵԪǰڵʵôܵλӸӳôҪְλص
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˵쵭ĵׯ˵㣡һҺͽĮʶܵÿ죬ҵУ˲ľ棡
˶٣ԼߺЩ˲ĿУ컺ڶȻôȴҲԲ£Ҷѣٴ򹷴Ӳˣֻ֪һ㣬ɱĵˣҪ
ԡ򣬶֣
ϣ
̳һӣǱΪֶЩܵĽ˹ȴǺ޷Ӧ֮ıֱӶ࣬˺ܿһʬ壬ٲȻòˣ


872 ߵĽĮϣ
̻ɽǧ֮ңһɽȴģΪҲһ羰ѵĵطˡ
ǽĮȽ˵ݾ֮ء
Դӽӵ֮󣬽Įһִչͼ׳־һŽõаɷţûзλҶүУаɷŲ鸽ĻǾͱҪⱱĵؽǽҳ˶ľ֮⣬û¹κ
ԣԴĽĮ֪ɳǸ˹ǰȥаɷнû뵽аɷŵȻڻԪ½ϵ϶ͷ
ȻֶһһڻԪ½һڱ򣬽Įܽϵһɳ˹֮һֱɽУһûеȴ˹ĺϢһҲϵ˲ٶаɷ˼ҶүݶЩƿš
ϾڶľļĮҶүݸЩ˸ŭԣЩĮʾãʾԸΪҵǰ䣬ֻϣаɷܹ֮ýҶǶչˣ
ԴˣĮڴӦŵ˲ٵĿͷ֧Ʊһųĵõ˼㡣
˹ôûⶼȥˣ
½ԺУĮűŮһ˫ָŮǰ͹µߣŮĲѣ˫۾ƶҪγˮһ
ܹõĮүĳңܹĺӣôĸƾӹ˵ǱȸԾ֦ͷˣڽ֮еĵλضֱ
ԣŮڽĮռ˵ĶûֹһܻݵģýĮͷаʢǴʱڰ죬½ĮһﶼҪһһ˫ľսˡ
ټ֮˹ʱδĮȻаɷŲмһɣԼԼĻЩõĸоŮϵԽһЩŮȴƺԼҶүɵøŤתͲûֱӵͶ뱧ˡ
ŵŵš
ʱһ˼ҴҵĴ˽ŮһҪӽĮվǺŵƿҪγˮ
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үˣϮɱǵˣŷĺüֵܶѾˣ˲ҳɣŴ
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ĮԶȻɫ䣬͵Ĵվ𣬡Щʲôˣ
ֻ֪ЩʵǿǼֵܶһ㱻ɱˣ޻֮
һ㱻ɱųϢʱ䶼ûУ
Įɫ˼㣬͵ĺȵȥ֪ͨ˼ϣٵҪʲô˸ҶҽҶ֣
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˺ܿ칪£ʱĮ˴δн֮˶ȫԺ⼯ϣĮŮʱ˳ȥ
֮УֻҪǶľˣĮ˭
ǼŷĽ֮Ȼ㲻̫ǿÿһڵԪܹ˲ɱĵˣҲ̫򵥣ֻǽĮûϣµʥǿߣֻҪ¶ݣǾû˸Ҷһëġ

⽪ҵ˵ȷǿ
һߣǧɱһҵķŷ֮ˣ˵ӣǳĶڵԪҪȫնɱ𣿡
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쵭ĵ˵ˣһҺͽĮ֮ĶԹҲҪȫ
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ʵȻҴ˷ȻǿҲֻԶԣ˵ʥˣƽ֣ҪҲ㲻ʲô̫⡣
ֻǣһаɷźͽҾĻ벻ݵĵزȻҲδ¹
һ˵ԽԽ룬ԭױԼķŷ֮ȴӰһĻǧЩüǶ֪ǵˣ
Ҫľ
һָаЦȫԲ¶ۼǱ˭ұ֤ҵȫڣڴݾߣԽĮֿĸԱضὫ˶ټƱҪһ򾡣һɱǺǡֺγǵĻ᣿
ǿʵ֮£κıƶǿ̸ƽһЦ磬˵öԲ
ܾ٣
Цųƽ˴ĴָĽȴǲмߵҿƨ
Ů˵ʲô˵˭ƨƽˣĽ̵ȥ
˭ӦҾ˵˭
ĽƲƲ죬ҪҶ֣ҲһΣ
ȷ֮ǰаɷУΪƽϷһḶ̌㱻Ľ̺һȻĽҲзִ磬δƽʲôˣֻһֵıװˡ
˵ƽʵҲԪǰڣȴ֪ΪȫǱĽѹŴ֮ûУ
ƽƫƫֲˣ⼸ʱ㼸ÿʱÿ̶ںĽ̶ŸɣҲֱ˺üΣĽ̼ƽеӰƫƫֺް취
㣬ݣҺвŮ
ƽҧгݵĳĽ̵һۣĽȴȫǣƽ·ϷƵģЦѡ
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ƽԹԵͷӦŵǰԼ𶼻Ҫ
ĽȴֱӺһ˿Ӷ죬ʲôƵģȻҲֻһıְˡ
ˣ
ԵֵܣʮˣʮԪǵԪ
ţҲоˣ
΢Цŵͷʵֻû̫ķϰˣĴ󲿷ע׿Ϊ׵ĽĮϡ
ڻԪ½ؼׯ֮УĮʱԪǰڣȴѾԪ۷壬ƺʱпٴͻƵӣ
Įԣ
ĬĬףֻ̬ȴǸӸ߰˼֣
ֵܣô죿ֱӹȥɫЩĮʵҪǿһߡ
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ǺһЦ̤ļǰȥȻҲǽ󣬲ʱ໥׵ľȻ
˫һʱǽĮȻɫ˲䣬һ˫гŷŭ棬ҧгݵĵ죬㣡
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Цôû뵽ңɣĪǣⱱлһа٣ҿǲǱǰ˻˰
죬Ҫѿ֮
Į˵֮裬ұһֻأԸҵĻһһ
㣿Ҳ䣿
첻мҡҡͷΪ㵽Ԫ۷ǰţŵĻͳһʲôŵģ


873 ߵĽĮУ
죬˵ҽĮɱĲΪˣԼǾ͹ֲˣ
УĮŭʢ͵˫ӡʱܳһߣЩ߿û棬γһ󷨣ȫ롣
죬û뵽ɣ֮ʵ˲٣
ⷬΣĮЦо󷨣úܰɣ
˵䣬ýĮ˫ӡٴǱֻĽâϮҪǣҪøԱ֮ʱЩâʶһıܿרǳ֮ʱĿ϶ƽʱôɫ䣬¾Ľ̴ʱ˫Ҳ֮ɫ
磬󷨺ùŹ֣ô£ƽ⧲֮ұ۱һѪڣ
ǰҪôȥ±˵ԷˣסҲ֮˵
˵ĵǣ˵뷨ȴһ۲ǷһĨаЦģѾˣ
Į֮츳ȷף
˫΢еĵˣһ˾У˷ֱĸ򱳿һԱסκαԷ͵ϮĻᣡ
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˸֮УʱʱĵһԪٶ֮ûκ˲
ڴżӺͣͣһܻ㼯ڶ࣬ƺ˲ٵâȵƣ
ŴŴš
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ʱ䣬֮߱ȼһ㣬Χ󷨺Ȼձ֮ĽâһɿȻ飬ͬʱڽĮʮ˵׷׿ѪһѪڣ̵ڵϣ΢˲٣ʱᶪһ
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Į˿Ҳһ˿Ѫױ㱻ȥ󷨣ϵҡԴƵġ
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첻м䳰Ȼ뷨ܺãʵȴһЩѡЩ˸ֻеԪʵôסҵ۾
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ǺǣʵҲǽүܴĵط
ЦЩ˵ԪȻӡЩԪһ󷨣ֻҪЩԪĿת֮£󷨱Զʧͣ£
˶٣֮ǰǲǾгֵĽâôʵЩ˵ľ֮µģâܺһ֪ץסᣬѡĵطأ
ԭֲôأ
ƽͷף漴ƨҿǸǿʱ󣬻˳ʮˣһã磬˵Ǹòлл˼ңҲǰǽô˰

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㣬㡭
ƽĺ޲óȥֱӽľֱŪ
˵ĲǶľ壬ԼǷռһﶯִˣؽ롣

ƽսȭͷɫױõģľſĴЦֱֳƽһָһĭڵϣмĵƽ㲻Ҷ־ͱڱүǰţޣ㻹ʲôţүЬүҪ
ʲôңҿҵ˶ȫϹӣȫǰ׳գҲΪʲô۷ĵһ
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ľס죡ܹģƽŭѡ
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ʱΧۼԽԽĶľ֮ˣǰһУܶ˶׷״Цһָ˲мĽų
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ʵ̲ȥˣȻҪҴͳȫ£ԼҪģǲϰµ𣿡
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㾹Ҵң
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ƽֻˬԼҪģѵҷϣߣһ˲Ҫ㾹Ȼҳң˴Ƕľ壬Ҿɱ˭˵ʲô
㻹ɱңƽҲ䣡
ľҧгݵĵҸ㣬ˣҶľ粻ɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
˵ţľߵʮŭϹûűү𣿻㶯ָɱ±ү𣡡
ǣү
ʮӦŵһԼı㳯ƽڵλһӵϣ
ЩʵǿĲǵԪڣ浹ҲǼΪȴ㲻ʲôǲϿһɫƵɱȻƽ͵һҧȴǻֱӳ˹ȥ
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䣬Ƕľȣ˵ȥҲĲԣ
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ҲҿڶľڣȻЩǶѾʬ壬˵ˣߺߵĻᶼûС
ûõķ
һĻľŭȲѣֳһǹƿ֮ĳƽ̶ֱȥ
ľԪ۷壬˵ȴҪƽǿһЩƽͻ֮ÿÿҹвϳɳ´ʱԶľĹƣҲκż˿·硣
۶ľԸʹȻټƽһȭִôĹӣʢŭ֮Уľôܱ־ĵ̬ȣ
һһǹμ˸ѣΧľ֮ԽԽ࣬окüȥΪ򵥵һɨһۣ֮ǰԶľһĽܣܿ㽫˳ֻǶľĴľȴӰ
ֵܣѵǾƽܺôȥЩǵĵһƽʤˣҲý
ôˣüëһЦİɣ±ռֻҪֳǾûϵ㿴ʲô
˵䣬óһʱȻЦˣ˳˴Ĵָ޵ֵа취
ٺ١ǣ
ĽʱطҲɫȻǷģȻ㾪˶ľҲΪ֤


878 Ķľ֣
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ҲвٵĻֻǼ˶ľûгЩҲһ
ΧȺУһֳȵӴŶʮ߰꣬Եޱȿֻһȣһߵĵľͱ¨ˣȣ㱻Ҳûʲô⣡
ָ磬ĪΪľҲǸƽ˵Ķ֣ʱʵЩ
Ϊľ֣ҲΪȻȲľĴľɽ֮ľľҲǿ˲٣ʮԪ۷壬źͶľһʵ
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ʱȺУҲвٵָָ㣬һСıʾǶԶľ̬ǶôĿߣкü󵨵˻ڲΪƽͣýսеĶľŭһ˫ӸΪŭͨ죬޲ýƽʬһ㡭
ףǡ
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û˫ֵǲŵ֪ϢϵĶľľ硣

Ƚϵƽľ˫âһԸ˽ľȥ֮͵ֱϮԪ۷Ʒӿڳ˴ȥ˼ѹ֮С
ס֣
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룡
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˵䣬ʾ£ط缱æǰƽһЩԪĹУƽϵԼٶȻָţЩ԰׵ɫʱҲÿ˲١
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֪ľʵˣ׷𾪵Ŀ죬ôҲû뵽ʵȻ֮ƽŻҪǿһЩ
ԺһȭľոȶΣٴֱϮҴ˴ͣƷӿԪ۷ȫʵһ˲ȫ˳
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˫΢УܸоһȭʵѾһ˿ʥĸо
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ֻǣҪƾһȭɱ죬ڳ˵Σ
䣡䡭
ϴһ˷Ѹٽսһ𣬾޴ĺٴδΧһȫݻ٣ܼɽǻݶ˲촷Ʈɢǽµĵ涼ѵĺۼһϳӵѷΧ˺Ȼ˼㡭
ֱľеһУûмһܹܶľεȫ
ԣʱ˿ĿӾˣ
֪ΪΣƺڶ˵Ľս˼ڴ
ԸΥһڣһȻȻʲô


879 ̵ĶľͼľƳ棡
һʮҵӣʵʥأжľͼܲ
ڶľͼ֮ʣΧܶ˶ǷľͼڶľеĵλҲͣ
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һ֪ľͼʵһ̵ˣҲΪľʱŻôϲ
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ľͼֽΧˣ˿ûκη緶ֱƿڴ̵ֻģţΧЩֱĶľ֮˷׷׿ЦѣԾǶľдȣټ϶ľƽΪְæ񲻳Ϊ
ߣӸղƽֳʵЩʲô
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Ȼľͼûиһӣ׵ıֱӳԺǳ⣬ƽҲȻûл͵˼ľͼΣ¹ҵ⣬κ
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ƽֱͦľͼֲǣľͼһͼ壬Ī浱Һ۸ô
ؼңطҲ̳㲻ؼ֮ˣҲվߣ˭ǱֵܻҪ׵ֵأ
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ľͼ۾һУԵŭڣȻ˲ʶȤǾ͹ֲˣ
˵䣬ľͼֳצֱӳƽץȥצϴɭһЩ֮ƣʱĶľȴһ˷֮ɫ·𿴵ƽ˱Ļ档
ڶľ˿ȴδ˵ʲôһ˫۾ֻһֱ죬·ҪɸղûнսźսĹâ
طݣӡһĺսӣƫƫľųԽ˵ʣúܶĽ
ľͼ֣˶ɫһݣƽǸоһ󺮷Ϯ·Χռ䶼Ƶģʵצӳȴ޿ɶ㡭
һҼ类ץУɶȻѪ
ģ
˫΢У̳֣
ƽһקסأֻȭֱϮеԪȫգۼǶľͼצһܽӴ
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һ򣬽սΧռҵĿռɢƻһӣɲǼ䣬һƺߣ˺üƽ˶̺ˡ
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˫һĨ𾪣ľͼĿⶸȻϣȵСӣ㵽ʲôˣû֣
һУȻܹʥʵĶľͼ
˿ûбֳκεĲ״̬ɵΧ˶׷׾ĿȥһźȻ֮ɫ֮ľĽָ˾
죬һСˣ
쵭ػصŲϲ֣Ϊƽ
ò˵ľͼʵȷǿ⻹ͻʥ֮״ʥǿ߽֣ٶЩӦֺǲϾǶľͼʵʥأԼʥƿأҪ߳첻٣
ССӣ浱ҶľͼɵӲɣ
Ļľͼȵ˵һʥ֮ҶľصΪʲô˵ұ֤֮أ
ʥ֮ˣ
ľͼĻ˶ʱɫһ
֪ʵط磬Ҳ˫ĿȻѡ
֪ʵģС˺ü꣬طԼԴӴӻԪ½عؼ֮ؼҵԴÿÿҹڲŬԭΪﵽԪѾ㼫Ϊˣȴû뵽Լֵ쾹Ѿʥֱطš
ľսҲ˫йâһЩԭΪһԪ۷壬һսߵ͵ĳ嶯ɡʥ򡯶ȴֳ嶯ȫɢʥ֮½Ϊϣ仰ɲ˵˵ô򵥡
¾ֻһͻƵʥһ֮ˣҲɱԪ۷壡
ȻĲϧһԵ⣬Ͼǡŷ̾κ˶ûеģ֮Ҫһ˭ϧΨһĵأ
ڶľȴǱŵɫףȻƽŰ裬ȴӲȥκһʥΪһľҲ͸ֲס˭뵽ȥ죬ʥǿأ
ƺľصʥ֮ˣĻϲˣûΧһ˫˫ȵֱľͼЦ
СӣҪ磡
ľͼһӣһʱ֣˸ɭĺâʱֵơ
Ļ̣ǿаҿľͼʥأҲǺǣǼʶˣ
˫΢У佫ǧý˳Ҳգҵʶʶ㵽жǿ˴Ŀ
֮ɭ䵽˼㣬սһΧĿƺޱȳ
Χס˺˿κεĳ
ס֣
ʱľƺȻֱ˲Ƴ֣ľͼҪʲô
μ
˶ʱǷ񣬶ľͼҲ⡣ҲһǷֻ̬ȴû̫ãһ˿Į
ʱԨԼ׷֣ƺ˲١


880 ľͼս
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ȻҵĻ
ǰôʥǿߣ쵽ôİ
Ƕľ˸жã
Χ˷׷׵̸ţŮ˫۷Ź⣬νУŮ¼޴ɡܹ޸Ǹһô飿

ʱǶľͼǰһֵսӦʣ
˵䣬ľͼĿ⻹һۣźζ
Ҫ֣
ľʱǺεݵˣ㽻֣ľͼȥ
⻰ںǳ⣬ֺγǶһִ̼أ
Ҳ
ľͼҲδƵĵֲ֪ԸߣĪҶҳ𣿡
ľͼ㡭
ľƶʱɫ䣬ʱȴ΢΢һЦľҪŭȻͼҪһսкβɣֻǣľһ򽻺ãǵ㵽ֹΪã֪ľͼΪΣ
һһʶľЦŵʵеǺϣöľͼȥһ죬ϾȻʥҪ˽ʵҲҪսвܹġ
һʥ˽ĻضԶľв
ϧĿ֮УľƼΪǿΪľ󻼵˼ȴҲκεı֣ƫƫҪΪ˵öľƵĺǾᡣ
ˣľְһ°ɣȻȻ϶ҪԹҵģõĴҲ֮Ц˵ֻҪ˫㵽ֹˣǧҵĺ
ðɣȻֶô˵ǾȥǱ棡ľͼҪҼסˣ㵽ֹҪº֣Ҷ㲻ľƵͷӦֳľͼȵ
ǣһģ
ľͼӦȴǺ֮ɫš
ȻڽսлĻľͼĲ⽫նɱΪľһĻڶľ˵ĲľͼûϣϾڶľУĽɱˣôܱ˶ľͼһأ
ԣƶľѣȴֺγһɱı֣

˵Ľ룬ٵĶľ֮˶֪Ϣ߸Ϲʱ䣬Ͳ̫ľʱȺ⣬ϯ̨ϵĸλŵģԨľԼĸˡ
УľʮվиԶԼĳս뵽˼Ϊ̵״̬ľͼɢֱɱǱڳ˶ע⵽ˡ
ľͼҪսɱ죬ٵ˶ܹеĸо
ȻҲûвֻǶûбֳˣڿһʮѺõսһֻǸеôǾͲˡ
ؼҼ΢˫ۣʵҲ˽ҺͶľ֮϶ģһֱûκվλλʥĺճټط֮Ĺϵһ˿ƫҵ뷨
ȴҪսܾ֮
ܹǿƻܶľͼλʥ֮˵ĻؼһĲҽˡ
Ͼ۶ľ壬֤ľͻʸҲζʵѾһҽһܵĻؼҿҲΪǵһĿ꣡
ԣⳡľͼ֮սΪ֮ĳִս
ʱڳ˵Ŀⶼǳϣϯ̨ϿɵλߣԵжЩȻЦݲĶľƸˡ
ȥʵ̫ǿˣöľûбֳɱǰδеأ


881 һ̣죨ϣ
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ľͼ˫΢УֳֽƼӿʥصϢչš
¾ղŵļһҲöľͼСʵʥأҲԾû˿ɣľͼţʵҪǿսôһܹȵģ
ڶľͼֻҪոᣬնɱĿܱؽ󣬶ڼսЩʱղסҲǼпܵģֻҪĺһЩλҼڳҲҲʲô̫
˵
ͷƽޱȡ
Ϳ˶ľԼǰľͼ뷨Ҫսնɱô
ԭŵ͵һЩľ̽ĸ׶ľصϢû뵽ԸΥΪһľȻǣô飬ʥʵױ¶
ȻˣǾ͸ɴ಻ٵ͵ߵ
ֻҪ֣ôľҪԸҲضţǴһЩ߻Ҳ˵
ԣսϣ֪ԼҪӮұҪӮʮǿƣһŻľȥ壬ټԨλүڳžᷢʲô̫⣡
ܺã룡
ľͼ˫΢У͵һӳֱϮâϮɲǣθȻԭʧһʼó˲ƣɴ˿ʵľͼҲʮĶ֣
һͬԭʧ˲Ҳᣡ
ϡ
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ƽ̵ⲻǲ԰ײôжͳԣҪиŪĿòˣ

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Ůͷ˵ҵĻסģ԰ɣʶ𣿽ܸʶһ£𣿡

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ʸܷܷʱ㵵ŵĶ죬㣬죿ôܣ


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ΣҵĴ磡ľĬ
֮Ϊֵ֮ѪϵöľԲۿ˺ľƺ
Ǻǡôסҵģ
΢΢һЦԭʧٳֵʱȴѾ˶ľƺߣҽǻֱ
һƬȻôҲû뵽ľ˾Ȼ޷ֹ죡
˲ƣ
ľȴɫһݣ컹ʹ˲ƣ
ӣҪ˵Ҳӣ
ޱҶһۣСٷͱҲˣ
ꡭ

һҺʱֳɵľƺұֱӿѪȪˮӿľƺֱʹ˹ȥöľĿЦѣ˵ʵڵҲû뵽쾹ĸҶԶľƺ֣һֱӶȥһô͡
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889 ֱľƣͦ죡
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ƽŵĻʸܷܷҲǹŹֵĿ죬ҶûǸӶȥľƺǸļһһأ㾹Ȼˣô˵棬Ĳ¶ľ׷㰡
⼸˽ڣûиʲô˵ĻᣬڴʱԨλڣ컹ҪһԺըˡ
֨ѽ
ʱű˿ľ룬û˵ʲôľ诱վ˵Ӹ磬ץҪץץҰɣΪҲŻᷢģ
ľҪǸҶҸ磬ұ֤ҾԲŹ㣬¾ľȫ忪սҲϧƽҲһŭݵĵ
˵δ򰡣ȻòôǸأҪŶȻҽһӶ㣡ʸܷܷҲ֮˵
ˣǼ
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ˣ֪ǿҲôڿҰɣ
ľûĳһۣ漴ֿЦ˵ĴˣʲôҽȥȻ㲻£λڣµģ
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ʼ磬ֹס˵ľٶ˵һ䡮Ҳ¡󣬱ŶľһͬȥԺںüŵĵ

ողձ㼫ΪأǶľԼϵĿ⣬һݣȴŲͣ鶼ûκεı仯
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ʲôɽ͵ģöľ뿪ϷλϵĶľƱ㵱
Ҳ֪ľʵʲô
첻ĵΪҶȥľƺһ۵飬Ҳûʲôý͵ģ
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ľƺǷŭϾǶľƺôɲţʼҲӣľȻڶ࣬Ӿֻ
һĽ̸УľƿԸܵҶľӣټֵʥʵҲóҵҪԣ
ڻʱζľƺĶϱ¼ҪΪĵˡ
ƽȻ˫ϣȴû˺
ҵǾãľҪллң쵭ļ
񣡡
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˱ӵֱۣҪлл㣬飿
ϣԨԼҼԼᣬؼҼʸʸһܶܵĻش𣬵ȴû뵽ô˵
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ľǿŭϷ򵽵׸л㣡
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ľһĬԼӵԸ᲻˽⣿ټѾʹ˶ľʼĩҲֻ֪֮꣬ڶľľƺôԣҲֲѵ˵ֱӵڱϵһˡ
ľҲӦ֪
΢΢һЦһЦŵʲôҲض˵˰ɣλǰӦ֪
鲻ãһ˳ȥߣȻ㷢ֶľƺλƺүΪȻûʼֻҪλǰҲһĿȻϾ;˵ûʵ
˵ţ˿ܶľЩɫԹԵĽڴӰ񲥷˳
ǶľƺŰԼľ诺ͶľģʱڶһֱȵӰ첥ãûһ˵
Ҳżƽվֱ˫â˸Ķľ࣬û˿
ľְҿҪô˰ɣ
Ȼڵ˵˫дҪǴȥӲ
ĻľƶʱüĪѾһˣ
ҲͬЩ㵣û뵽˰졣
ڻʸԼȴûж˵ʲôϾ˼Ҷľ֮飬¾ʸ弴Ϊľ׼ңȴҲԲһ飡
֣ΣľƳһ죬ȴǳʵ
ľⲻðɣұϾҵˣ˵ƫ򣡡𲻶ɫЦЦص
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ʸ˿ֵ̱ͬúһ㣬ԼȴǳƬ̣ڵľ֣ӸղżеӰµȷǶľƺԣҲò˵Ҳ̫һЩֵͬ˵ô˰ɣ˫Ҫ׷ˣϾô˵һºùһ£
Լ˻ղŵһԶѡվߣͦ죡
һɲǣǶľƣʸĿⶼԼ˹ȥվмɱƽǳǳЦݣƺһûеǣ
ȻˣǾôˣ
һľưֵȥľˣϷҲ׷ϷҪлл
ûļϷ򻹲֪ƺŰ裡ԽԺϷ򶨻ϼӹ̣ܽ
ˣͷλˣɣ
˵ţľʸ֣֪пУǸһ¹յĶϵһЩˣ
Ȼпգ
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Ǻǡ룡
뿪󣬶ľʸ˱ȥʱ΢һƲȴҲĻ˶׼ľ֮֮ǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ңԼҼԼᣬؼҼվߣöľƼҪ׷Ҳûʲôõ˵ǣϾ֮±Ƕľƺԣ
֣֣пղȥŶľʸ뿪ıӰ
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Լ˶һۣЦŵͷӦ£ϾղǵľٶѾֳ̫˼ܿһ˱㳯ݾӵԺȥ


890 ҽ
֪𵽵׺ԼԼ˵Щʲô뿪ʱ˵϶żΪƽЦݣ֮ǰȴ췢룬˵ʱȥؼ
ط֮ĹϵȻ֮Դ
λǰεĵ̫ˣҪǶľԸ㣬밡
ٺ١
ڨЦͷûлش
״ԽЦãˣ㵽ڸһ䣡СԺ΢һ㣬ܹ鲻ԼĵطҪǳʲô飬Ҿ㶼
֪ˣ
ףҲ֪ȥûС
εٴҡͷʵԼҲòϣûǿƶȥľƺұ۵飬»ĲԼңؼ΢߽һЩҲһջɡ
ĳϣߣȥģ
ĳһۣкԨڡ
ʱƽʸܷܷټ϶ľľŴյߣƽͻʸܷܷΨ粻ƵģһĳŴĴָ޲ѣǶľľǸΣ첻Ϊ˸ǳͷҲڻ
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Цô㵣οܻҵˣ
ǿܣһ
˵Ƕľĸ壬ǸĮѾľ忴Уöľ֪˽Įֵ飬½ٴһ
ĮڽҲԽǻҪСһЩ
ţҲ̫ģ
ͷЦŵЩ˶ȫɱˣʱӦǲ뵽ϵģң㽪֪Σǿҵˣһһأ
㰡
ЦõҡҡͷҲûٶ˵ʲô
Ͼ˵ҾôҲֻǶľĸѣңаɷȻҲӦҵҪԸаɷţ񲻾ǺͶԸһ
ʮӣҲֱң

ľԽԽ߼ִڶľ֮˵½أò֣ĺ֮ܶ˵ܹľһʮ˷ܵ飡
ȥ֮пûҫıǮˡ
Ǽй䣬ӭ˲˵ָָĿ⣬Ͼǰնȥľƺһ۵Ѿ￪ȥΪľƺƽΪ¾㲻ٵĶľ֮˶Ϊ˰ֽкã˾ֺγ˶ľ棿ʶܶĶľ֮˶ǼΪơ
޹غʵֻһıȻҪϵĻ϶ҲûжԸ⣡
ߣľļľѾԸľƺ֮¾ʹ˽κ˶ٴἰ
磬㿴Щˡǳ״ȥˣƽ˵
ˣ˵ˣ
ڰ֣תԵˣŮôû㣿
ͨ˵ǻʸӦ֪Һ֮Ĺϵⲻң
ƽԶʱЦʸ˵ܷܷúõ㣬ֻеĺ˭֪浱ǰ׳գ
ʸ弴ͶľҲ˵ʵѾһ𣬶ڰкζľ尵ϣʸλʸøһЩٲܸľκοࡣ
˭ƽһƫƫͻʸܷܷأ
Ҫһ𣬿ҲҪܶĥѰɣ
˴룬첻ƽļƽͣ
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ƽʱҲһƽЦɫüΪأҺܷܷǾԲԷģжټ裬ҶһҪȥ
ʵҪĻʵ
ڱ˵ƽܣʵѾӵκ˲СʣֻҪʵﵽûʸҲòӵĵزţܷܷ֮ľ뽫ʲô⣡
ԣζʽ֮ҾҪȥչ
ƽףĽľŲһŬΪҺܷܷĽ
Ŷ
΢΢һЦ˵ģҺ綼ģ
ֵܣ
صͷֵܶһЦֵ֮ŨҲûٶ˵ʲôĿĵйţΧٶľĿˣʱʱЦּ֣
ף磬磬ǿǼһǲǺȥĽĮе񣿡һƽȻָŲԶĳ˰Ծ
ƽĻʱָķȥ
һԼĪʮˣʮеˣƽ˵뽪ĮкüƣҴʱڴͬľȻǶľ
ƺ쵽ʲô˵Ŀ⳯Ǳ˹ʵȻԪ۷壬ֻƺʲôǿǵĿŲơ
ľҲˣһ󣬱Ǹ˵˾䱧ǸŶһߵǰЦ죬㻹ҳߣҶľ˰ࣿ
ٺ٣˵أ
һЦöľЦáΪľصԵʣͶľ֮ûκε϶ֵͬһ
ˣӣʲô˰Ȼܹͬòܴ󣿡ʵ
г𣿡
ľűѾ˫ĲԾ
ǽҵˣûлشתʵ
ǵģ
ľҲûǽҽҼˣԲýǺǡԼ϶Գ棬ڴǽңҲӦ֪ǸǶľ߼ǿһүүԸӭӣ
˵ľ˶٣üɻ죬ĺг𣿡
Ǻǡ
ЦЦӣȥĿ˰ɣֵٵߣ
Ļתƣöľʱһۣûĵˣ㲻˵ˣһǵһ£򵥣ѾڶĽһμҾ֪һصʦүүƺ֪һЩʲôԲŶʮӣ
лѣ
΢΢һЦƽһͬǰȥ¶ľվſЦá
٣ʲôˣȶľ߻صߣƽʵ
ǰҵˣ
ľ˵һ䣬תԵ֣Ǽ߰ɣںǣ
Ǻǡ˵ǣ
ЦЦֻһ˵Ӱڶľͬ¼ǰȥڽڵôģ¾ľҲɡ
ҵ𣿡
һЦû˿ıʾܿѾһרΪǽ׼ĿԺУƺǺƵģҲûľѯ˵κ顣


891 ʽս
պ󣬶ʽ㿪ʼˡ
Ϊ˱ʾԻʸӣľר½һ˶ƽ̨Լǧƽ׵Ŀյأȫ޵ĺ첼棬Χŵƽʣ¾ڰ죬ҲԵͷף
ƽ̨࣬ŶľдĶ
ǣϲġǣ°ӽ񵽰ͷ
Ƿ׷̾ѣʱÿһ϶żΪõЦݣйһЩԹ϶˫ʱҲ˿ı֣ˣǶľأǶľʸشӣҪǷʲô飬˭ܳеΣ
Ϊľ壬ʸ岢Ϊ۷ңؼԼԼңҲȻǼΪλãҲǸƽ̨ĵطҲרŵỤ̊Ĳνܵ
֮⣬ǰĽҲһΪλãҲʮԶ˵ûκһ⣡
ǰսִӦ֪һЩڽĮ飬ֻǰڴ˴ڶľأûжԶѡ
꽪֮󣬶ľԹһΣ콪ı֣
ԴˣľҲ˵御ˣϾڵǶľ塣
ܿ죬ԽԽ˻룬Ѱźõλ£ȥĸеȣϵˣǧƽ׵ĵط˵ڶ
ڽŴ˴ʢϵϾ˵ʵҲһʮҪ顣
ԶʸܷܷҲڻʸרλϣںƽ˼üŪֻۣܿڻʸʸֹ£ѱͷȥģƽ̾һ
Ҫһ𣬿ضԶţ
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һϲĶľƽ̨Ҳ߳ŮͬһĴȹͷסһɫɴǽŮչֵ֣Գֽ̬֮
ŮǻʸĻʸɺɺʸܷܷħŮ㣡
⻹֮󣬵һμʸɺɺǰΧһǵעȫƽ̨Ѿһһϡ
ȻǶ飬ȴҲ˶١
ֻҪ֮󲻷ʲô̫ش飬ľʸɺɺһҲôעˣֻ˭ָұ֤Ĳʲô鷢أ
ΪĶľƺͻʸƽ̨Ψһϣ˾ǵһĽУʽʽʼˣ
ڽ˵ʽҪǽĳͷҲ˴۽硭
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ȻҲû˿⣡ףľôʵҲΪãϾֵĺ̫Ļ಻Ҫ鷳
ڻʸɺɺһһ֪ȻˮŮӣ˵ϸģһ紦ʸо
һˣҲǲ֮ʣǻʸɺɺЩεͨ죬żΪҸЦݣ
Ȼ֮ǰʸɺɺȷûкͶľһ棬Ϊľһ˵Եʣ⼸յദѾյĶǳ˱׼Сڶ
ǶľдĶһѾעһԣҪͬףĻʸɺɺУľѾΨһˣټ϶ľҲʮֵĺã᲻Ҹأ
һֱϣǽ緹һˣҵ˼㣡
ҹĻ٣ƽ̨ΧȴǱĲʹ֣λðɫʣ
죬̧ȥϳһ֮ƺ춼֪յϲ죬Ūһõҹ
ϰϰȴ˵飬֮ｻƱȥղûΪҹĵȱʧ
ڣһʱȥΪ˲һԶˣڶľƺͻʸ˵ĵлУǽβ
˻þûкȹȴκεĲһٴιһڶľ˵гͷȥ
ˣҲûȥϢˣ
˵Ԩ죬ԼƽҲ֮Ҫ׼ȥʱһȻ˹
ǽ̤˹Ԩһҽĳϣ
ԭǽֶ
ЦЦʵֶ֪кҪ£
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ЦЦӳȥԵüΪ飬ҽһͣ
Ŷ
üëһ˫΢΢
ʵаɷŵ飬ԨҲ֪úȻҲ֪ܲĮֻ֮û뵽Ȼ˴󵨣ҵһҹ
İɣ
ԨʹһɫλϣԵʮֵȻ
˿̣Χû뿪˶׷ù˹ľƣʸԼԼλ
죬֮ʮ㡣
쵭ĵл˵Ҿƺȵеˣȥ˯
㡭
ĻýоԼӵ裬˫һĨĹâҾùҶܽĮ飬ǷӦøҽһĽͣ
ͣ
ЦƾʲôҪͣ
ĮôģӦúɣĶ졣
Цô֪
쵱Цʲô֤ݣǾֱó⵲·
죬㲻Ҫ̫
֤ݣԸ񻹻ϻ
˭ң˭ҪҸ㵹˵˵˭̫ߵ
㡭
޷ԷӮ죬һױòѣ˫ɱǾš
ʱΧ˶׷׳ʶ˸üͷҴپȻ˵ȥһ㽪ұжľɽôҲǲ̫һЩ
û֤ݣȻȥָһ㲻ԼҲأ
ô
ƳһǰûµĻҾˣǵãʲô֤ңȻһܷģ˵ţҪ̧뿪
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̲סŭ죬Ҫսս
˻һһƬȻҵĿˢˢĳȥ
Ͼ죬˶ôԣֵĲûж٣ǿƻܶľͼնȥľƺұµشϢҲܹµ첢ǡڱ֮УҽҲǰģ
ԣڽս֮󣬴Ҷ뿴һҲҽܣ
ȻҲɫһݣת򽪰ޱ㡭ȷ


892 ǿս
ľصľУͽӶƽԣһ˫˸ŵȫǷŭɱƺ޲ýʬһ
֮ѡΪýǶľͻʸɺɺ˶ϲӣܲܽ˼ҶĳŪ֧ɣ
ҲûڷŭŭĳӯУֻҪŪΪĶܽĮ
ĴԣûзϣΪôǿʵڽӦҹȥģ
Ԫ۷ʵѾ벽̤ʥײ㣡֮ǰһʱУ벻ٵԪ֮˽֣δһôᣬôܻ̫ǿʵ
ԣֱӳսҲ֮£
ף֮µĻһ·϶аӣҪһ㣬ӽп˶ɱˣ
ԽĮսҲ÷뷨
ھУ۷ļ֤ͬ£ǽɱҲʲô˸Ҷ˵ʲô½Ҳֻܴʣ
ϾڶľأսǽԼģУľλľļô죬Ҳòվ˵
ԣս˵аһȻҲҪվžĺͱʤյϡ
һԪ۷壬컹ûзϣ
֮ǰǿƻܶľͼնȥľƺұ۵¿˵𺳣ôڽսŸ˵𺳣
ôҪôأþǿƵķʽܣɱ
뵽㣬ҲһĨɱϢϲתֻǶĽǶԼ̫ˣͬɱĶ죬޲Ѫ
죬
һȣ˫ֳ˫һһ˸żΪõĹâòϣЩɫɫĹâȴżΪɱ
ٶȼ죬գ۱ѾǰâϮ趯֮侹ǽܹܵķȫ
һóʱΧٹս֮˾Կȷ˵
ϸֳһĨ֮ɫ޲һ㽫쳹ɱδ̫ãֻһɲǣվԭضҲδ죬趯ǧýеĹȫЩʮǿĽâƣȻһƬ½Ƕû
ôܣ
ŵ˫ۣһȻǿĹƣȴҲԲкüԪ֮˶һ£ɶ˵á
ϱûκβܵ飡
ЦҪսģԣҪ׼
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ӵŪŭٴͣǽȻڿգɫɫĽâϮܿΧγһ˵Ľ籩ֻѰ˵εĽâ籩Ե֮ѤöĿͬʱȴֳŸǿҵɱ
죬ȥɣ
ֻǽһŭɫɫ֯һĽ籩תΧռѷӣ֮λϮȥ
һּ̣һ㣬˷籩ƸΧ˾̾ѡ
ֻϧȴǴԵĲмֻ˫趯ʱһʮ׳ĽâֱϮ߶ƲתȻƲƸǽĮһ˸Сơ
кü˶սľͼΣʵ㣬ȴҲʥ֮豹ľ
ƽƾն
һȣʮ׳ĽâȻݺݲɫĽ籩֮Уŵ߶ƣȴȻͬʱը
䣡
䡭
ԭӵըȻһ޴ĢƳ𣬸ֲĲӣѳֵ󷨽ϣѡ
ҵǽʮȵҲڸΧڶս֮˴ȥκ˺
ɼˣЩ˻ǱǰһŪ𺳲ݣԽԽ
ۡ
ŴŴš
þ̳ɢȥ˱ý˲٣ǽ³˺üѪȻϲûʲôԵ˺ۣǿ𵴻ڸܵ˼Ĵˡ
ʱĽ˫гǰδеĿ־壡
ڼʶǿ󣬿򵥵һУȻƿĹƣƸԼ˴˺ԲԪܹ֮ӵеʵ
ʥʥ򣡡
վɫ任ջƽʥΣҾͲôᣬܻжǿ
Ӧòİɣ
Ž粻ɫһ¸ûκλҳƵЦʲôҪˣɾͲˣ
죬Ҫ
һ˫ֿʼٴμ˲ٵٴαʱԪ۷Ҳȫչ˳żͻƵļ
˵ȷʲףϧ죡
붯֣
״ЦҲգұȫ㣡
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һɾֱ壬ܵ˼𵴣ﶼһЩľ˲ήҪǣǸ󷨣ȻҲɾĳֱӱƣֻΪ˵Եûмʱְˡ
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ŵĹôңûκһˣȻǶľƳֵʱһУĿҲܼǾҪɱ죡
ԣʱ򣬶˵֮⣬κһ·ߣ
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±ǳīЩʱ䣬δ޹һΣûڶľǰ޳ΪδйһףɶľúУղȷǽˣǰ
ŮŮһֱΪ۰Ů
ضôˣľйâ˲죬æ˶ľߡ
Ȼľȴûᣬߵǰǰӡû̫˶һһ߻ֳϸ˹ȥ


897 ĸӣľƵĸ
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ľŶľصľٶһԻ󣬶͵ʲô˼˲˫ۣۿǰδе𾪡
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ܼͬǰĸףû˿Թֻһǿҵůδܹĸ˲ȫûκκµڴ˿̾΢΢Ĳţﻰȴ֪˵ڡ
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ǳīڳ˼ĺ룬һ˵ʱϴ棬ֲ˴ûĸ죡
˶ʮӵöľе˼ױĸӯӵţױȵ顭
˿̣һԵĶľƳ״סˣ
ôҲû뵽ԼǧټҪնɱҪΪҼδϣĶ󣬾ȻԼ
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һʱ䣬ľƵԺн˸ޱȸӵͷճǰӵĸҲûκɱ
ȻľƵȷκһڶľڻ߽вˣνʳӣôҪأ
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Ұţһªŵľ⣬ľزŶľԾɽûɿЦΪ콲һеһУеȥԪ½һУʱĶľݹһ㣬ޱȵκһŮӡ
ڶľ֮࣬ȴǼôڰ֮Уǳīȵ붨״̬ȻҲǶľȥĸӵɡ
ʱУȫͶľصĹ
˶ľضԹĽ֮⣬ҲԺеһ鶼ȫ˳Ȼľ˵ʮʱʧ֮󣬶ʱɫ˲䣡
֪Ӧʲô飬ĿΪѰӣöľصԭ˲ٶԶľƵԹޣڴ˿̸ӵ࣡
ûбǿдضľ壬ôһӦûʮֵֿһɣ


898 ׼ңԨԭ£
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ĻľɫȻ˼䣬ȴȻ̾ΪʲôȣĪǣΪҲɱ𣿡
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һıԺǶľԼסģûķԸ֮ǰκ˶ý룡
ڱԺԺ䵱У˸һϣǰڷһ裬ֻϧľûһ˼ԨƺֿĿڿˣ豭һĸԼٴһ
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ԨŶľƵۣпȷδ˵ѣô񵽵ںδأѵ
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899 䣬ľصǿƣ
Ϊľصĳ֣ĸϵԵʣľƺ࣬ԨǸɼ̬ı仯ҲΪҺͶľⲻ֮һѪս΢һ
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ΪʼٸߵȫǸȥȻͬ˵ܹľغĸõİ취ǽҵڴ֮ǰľƸȥΪЩʲô
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900 ĲʣʥХԪ
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ХԪĵ£ҵȷѾ֪ˣľֲĻҿԹȥңߣҵŮܹģǲһĽҲȥɽǱߣɱһЩ֮˸Ů
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ľƼæХԪȴЦżڣôľֲͬҼǵãľ㲻һֱҪȡ֮ȥɽǸպ÷϶ľ˼

ľһ֪ͣȥش
ХԪٴһ˵ˣľ㲻ؽˣ֪СŮľصĶӣҲľַģͿϣҲԲҪǵĸ˷ֱȥұۣĳͷӦú˰ɣ
ХԪ˵ģȥľغұǶô򵥵һ
ֺƸ˶ľƵģöľƶʱɫһ䡣
ʱХԪȴûиľٶ˵ʲôĻᣬк㳯ȥһ仰ľ֣ȥұԺ˵ûик
ХԪ뿪ӰľƵɫޱѿХԪҲδ̫һЩ˰ɣ

öľغԶұۣҲӣұԺУХԪǹ°ĳ˵
ʱԨȵȶ׷վһԣľغҲȻڳֻǵɫʮأ˭Ҳû뵽Źһ죬ХԪȻĸ˹ɴҲԿХԪУͶľƺĵλȷܸߡ
ХԪʲôˣʵ
ʥصĽʥֻһڽⳬڳˣűΪʥ
ľ͵һܹ°ˣͶľƺʮ۰˵ǰ˵һĻХԪ֮Ȼֱȥţ

ЩȻһ仰ţҲδ̫һЩ˰ɣ
ȻӲΪԼǸˣȴҲԲХԪ
Ԩɫͬѿ˵ҪԼĶϱԶұۣŴʲôй֮
ȴǵǷ׸֮һʱ㽫ĵӡֱűԴڽԺ󣬱һֱϴŲ̵ЦݣǵĳȥиΪܣ˭Ҳ£ҼҲ⡣
ǰվХԪ֣Щ鱾ǱߵĲԣѵΪҺ۸𣿡
Ҳ˭˭ֻ֪ﱻұۣŮֱ۸⹫͸׵ǲָ˵ʲôã
ХԪߵҲ֪ҵƢԸȻǿ󣬵ХԪҲǳصģ㲻һұһɽҵҪҵж٣
ХԪ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ǻ͵ĺȵǽʥΣҪʲôɣҪͷܣ
ô
ХԪ˫һУĿϣЦȻô˵ҽ˵Сձȥɽһ⣡


901 ХԪˣأ
Ļ£ХԪȻԭʧ
ɫҲ˲䣬ûʲôľرһѽסĸӵͬʧԭأ
ȻľͬҲʥ
ϧХԪϾʥصǿߣ˷֮УǽľغƵΣǻɢűϢļϮ˹ȥ
ХԪң
ŭһǰȭȻϮ
˭ҵң
ХԪ״Ӵ˹ƣû˿ĳȭͷӭȥ
䣡
һ޴ĺ죬ӣ˶ըѿ
ХԪ˽Եɫص˼㣡
ס
״˹ȥХԪȴǰڰֵվԶһЩ
ǣ
ͷӦŵȻ˺˲٣ʱҲĲѣЦЦʾûκ⣬ֻһ˫ĿԾһֱХԪϣûƿ
ХԪȻʱǿ֣ݲκη
Ѱʱû˻Ըȥֹ°覴ñرХԪֻϧϵͶľأһ
ȷǰǿ˲٣ХԪҲƴܾ𣿡ХԪ˵˳ĳԪ
˸ޱɭɱǵĹâӳХԪϣ˿ԵԽƽսȴԽĸ߰
ҪԣǼ±ǶľƺĲԣ
صûҪѾܲˣŮ侹Ȼ£Ҫ裬ѵХԪļҽ𣿡
ҵļҽΣֲۣ
ԪХԪһ佣Ǿֵ¼°ɣҲʶʶ㵽ʲô취赲ң
֪ģ
ͬɫкȻһâһ̸Ȼ֮ɫ
ৡ
˲ڿգһһڸ˵Ļв໥ײǿƼ򵥵ȴռĽǿĲϳӣ·ױȵĿֲѹ
䣡
ֲĺ̴ХԪ˵ڰвշתŲٶȿ춼ЩĿϾӡ
Ҫһ㣬˾ʥصʵ˲Ƶ÷Ѿﵽ˳뻯ĵز˵Ѿȫ˲õ˶ս֮УһСĿ¾ͻᱻԷУ
ֿƼ򵥵Ĺ̺ȴ˳Բѣ
˽ԽԽҵʱ򣬶ľλľļҴҵĸ˹ҪֹǰһȴǿЦãľҲ֪óȻȥ˶ɼӰ졣
Ƕû°ɣľͶľߣĵʵ
Ǹ䣬ᣡһֱڶľеĺаԵľţֻХԪϲδ̫ȥ׷ХԪ丸ŮҪͶľصֱۣľȻٸκκɫ
û£
ľҡҡͷƽĿöľҲ֪ʮ꽫ʮĹһʱֲܹģŮָ֮ҲǶʱʧ
ľֻҪúõֲֻҲҪöľغӦֲĻǡ
ʱİ֮УХԪ˳ΪʥýȫѾﵽ˳뻯ĵز̶ʱн˲Ƶϣüζȥ˲СӰ죬ӦѸ٣Ҳûܵʲô˺
սԽң˫ò֣˿Ŀתܹʥ֮˵Ľյʲô黯鼺á
ʱܵĿ⣬ľǳǳһЦȴ˾㵵Уߵߡ
ҵĴɩƺܾΪʲôûٱؽգǰɣľ󣬵˶һ
Ҳ㵽ʲô˼ҧص
ôʵӦú׵ĲŶ԰
ľһЦһŰмսˣһ߻ԵԴӸҴ֮󣬲֪ΪһֱҲߣ뷽跨ҪҷԱܹҽܼҹ洦ȴһֱʧˣΪҼ㲻˵ʲôˣһֱҵ˲òʱ򡭡ǸʱӦʮ֮ǰɣ
˫ͫһ˿̵ԨľƵ˿ڹעϷսȴֺγ˶䣬Ŷľص˵
ʮǰʮѣǸʱһںͣΪ֮ǰһֱ߳أҶһжܺ棬֪ܹ˷ܵ춼û˯þ
ľصĻöľƵҲ˿˿ɫľǶľС㣬Ȼһ򵥵飬ǻ׶Ұ˶ʮÿһʵڵԪϣҺɣΪԵʣɳ֮˵ʵҲҪԪʥ򣡡
˶٣ľغǺһЦһۿɫƽ˫ȴЩ˸䣬״εĳȴǸļƻȥһõĻᣡĵȷȷǽץסˣ
ϡǵãǴαӦҳȥҵĺü˶ˣʱ˼ܵҲûȥʲôǻļˣȴҵĴ
ʱǼ˾Ըɽڸ׺ҵȫնɱɸָΣҵʱҲûж룬ֻΪǸе
棬ǾȻȥĻ꽧
Ļ꽧֣ԨͶľͬʱɫ䣬Ϊʱ䲻Ļ꽧û̫ĸо
ľؼҵʱЩʵҲ㲻˵ԪǰڣĻ꽧ʲôطΧΧ׼֮ĲһʱữһѿݹǣֻϧҷӦʱѾˣЩҲ綼ڣֻһĻ꽧ǰδеĥ
ҵĺɩӣ֪ʱĲܲסˣͲôһ㣬Ҿͻ
ľض˫ۣԭȻȴչֳһĨҸЦݣҺãĻ꽧Ȼһռ䴫һĽУ֪ľȻǿռ䴫󼤻Ȼ֮뿪Ļ꽧ȥ˻Ԫ½
ڻԪ½һɵıˣֽҾؼҾʵһľ磡νվ飬˴ʱָÿպ糯Ϧԣ㺣ڹ׿Һ˷ޣ
һȴû뵽һΪ׼ʱҸٴαجΣұˣһ˵ҵȡеı֮룡
û취ͣΪ֪ʲô˽ҺҼвУǺǡʱҼǵ׽ҵ˾дɩɣ
ŭ֮£ҴعѺǳīУвǸʱѾȥˣֻϧ¾׶δ뵽Ԫ½Ҳң
һֱҶԵֺ֣γһԵأ
˵ľس΢΢һЦ¶˴ĸᣬȴת˵ҵĺɩӣ˵ҸθлأŶˣұѺǳīȵʮУȴ֪һϢһǴľƺϢɩΪǸ˵ػǲ˵


902 ľñ
ŶľصĻ·ˣڽսеХԪ˶ͣɫ졭
Ҳƺ˵ʱӶϱڻԪ½ʱҸӣХԪȴǽüͷδԼŮȻݺľأŶľصƺԼľƺʲôܡ
ХԪȻ̣ȻԸ°ȴһӶľصĽԼɫУ֪Щ鶼ģȻڶľûκ֤ݣֻǵ˵ڳ֮᲻ţ
ľأڴﵽЩƭ˵ĳ̶ȣ
˿̣ľἰľƺʱ֮ǰһֱŬƽڳױˡ
Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
Щҵ˵漴ХԪף㶯֣Ƕôԩˣѵһ㶼ûаҵŮ
ǰ
ľش˿ҲֱХԪĵ˵һоʵϾҴɩϣٶԹκ׷ҲˣЩģ
ģѣѣ
伱˵ţʱ򣬶ľȴתͷĿⶢ䣬ʱһ־ֵı죡
䣬Ҫٸһ䣬ǰҶľضԲŹ㣡ľ
ض
ľʱ˹ղ˵Ķģ
ģ
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ԶľضİХԪʱĿ⿴䣬㵽ڶľЩʲô
ģٵģ˵ȫǼٵģһҪҰôأ
ҵ˵ţֻϧʱĻѾûˣХԪɫȻ֮⣬˶׷һֳĿӾʧ룬ҲûŰ裬һģ
֣ҿڵҪһˣ
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𼱣һлû˵꣡
ŶľƵĻХԪҪ˵ʲô֮ʣľȴǰ棬Ŀڵ˵ˣһǹڶľƺģ
ʲôľʵ
Ҫ
䳹׻ˣ˵֮ǰἰԼǻҵĻôľἰľƺǶ˵ݣ
֪Ǽ±ȥͶľƺؽ֮أĸһʥХԪҲԾȲ
ϧֱڣ˭ģ
ʲô
ХԪüͷߴٵľأϣʵʵ˵Ҳ
ǰģҶľز˵ٻ
ľ΢΢һЦĵ£ʵҲڵʱ֪ģˣ㣬ΪĶӣ㲻öľƺֺڶˮı࣬һֵ𣿡
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һĵҲǶľˣƺǼ̳ңѵ𣿻У첻Ҳһûм̳ĺڶ𣿡
УȻа
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˶٣ľһЦ֪ӵı϶̳иĸڼѪȻҲкСĸʷ죡䰡䣬òҶľƺıǱİɣ
ԣǱ죬϶Ǳ죡ͷ
ǺǣҲ̫˰ɣӴĺڶβһ˫ʨޣֱһͷһ˵
ľЦ䣬ĪĵǴҶǰ׳𣿡
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һڳ˾ԻȻ¾ХԪúѿĿ䡣
ȷǴڵģ븸ĸѲ˸ϵֻϧľ·Ǻڶβľƺô䣬ҲԲֳ˫ʨ޵ֱ࣡
ȫַţ༰Դڣ
Ҳһֽͣľ˵ľƺڸûǶľѪ
֮ľƺͲǶľ·ӣ
䣬ң⵽ô£ХԪҲŭˣֱĽ֡
ףҡҡ
Ĳ֪νͣļ٣ХԪĿǿ
ɣ
ľؼ״һЦǰ֪ʵŮ޸Ҵ֮ǰһˣѾ̥ᣬϧǸ˸Ȣ˵˲ǣҲ˻Ҷľ壬ΪṩڶľϢԱǸڵļܹõǶľ淢չ
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ĽĽң
ľȻҶ裬һֱѲپȥȴû뵽ˣ
ХԪ˿Ҳɫѿ˼㡣
Ϊ˹°٣δԼŮȻˣ
ľ֣ХԪԲ㣬ԲǶľ壡
ХԪһھʹŮ뿪ȥָ˵ǲұȫң
˵䣬ХԪҪ˲뿪ʱľȴǳ
ľֻкηԸХԪͣ½ŲͷϣľܹҵϣŹŮһХԪǷһ飬ҪҵҲһüͷ
ˣҲǱڹ
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ХԪĬƬ̣׵ȴŮȥȺľֵٻͲˣǣ
ХԪջǴ˲뿪ˣȻܷŭô˵ҲŮڶľУЩһŭ˭ұ֤һɱ䣿
ХԪ˲뿪Ŀռ䲨ľһ˵֣׼ңҲ뿪ˣˣضȥ磬²
ţ֪
ľͷǶľҲٶ˵漴ȥлŭ棬Ȼˣڽң䣬ǸʮĴӶľƺ


903 ʵԫɽң
ûȥܶľ·֪ľƺӵϢкַӦôҶ뿪Ժ֮ǳһ˶ľ⣬˶Ǳ죬˭Ҳû뵽Ȼֽ֣
䱾ХԪǸͶľƺģȴһЦ˾ȻǶľһֱʮֿصĽҼ
Լȫ˲˵֮ǰĵҪͶľұ۵ХԪŶֱһӵĻ
뵽֮ǰľƺŰģ̵ĻڶľݣжľѪӱضҲùջͷ˵³
ȻѾûκιϵˣͶľƺĸˣֵΪ̾Ϣ
үү֮Ҳȥһˣ
˵⻰Ԩȴüͷһ壬ľڱȥʲôѵͽ֮ʲôԹ
ţ
µҲûټıҪ
ʵĽǽĮ󽪰鶼һһʮ˵˳Į֮ʱöľ΢΢ü
ľȴǺܿЦǾȥɣҲʲôöȻѾǾ͸ɴˣʲô󻼣ˣҵʵ˵Ȳ۷壬ȴҲ̫ǽҲһʥصĸأΪһɣ
˶ʮʱźԼžۣľزֿһһ롣
ȻҪģľػڵİȫȻʥصʵɲô˵ʼնĶӣĸ׵ĲԼӵģ

ȴЩԥʱȻʲôһжʱһɫʵǵǽʦΪ˱ʾǸóɫ
ⶫȷ˰ɣЦŽɫݵľǰ
ö
ľ΢΢һЦȴҡͷɵӣڷѾûˣȻ˿ʵʥϵ˺ãԻԼ°ɣ
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쵹ǵһ˵ҲڱЦ˵Է飡ʥϣɫ𲻵ã
ǰ˰ɣɵӣ㲻ҪȥÿЩ£ʵҲͻȫһЩľ
ǡҪƽǣ
ߵˣû˵ʲôٴҡͷ֪Ǻ⣬ֻ֪ܷɫᱬɫʺϵ㣬ֻʥһصʥ֮˲ܷã԰ͲٿˣԼñǣ
ֻˣ
ǸĳЦЦȻҲҡͷʾ⣬Ҷһˣ˭ûһ

պˡ
յıչأȴɫЩЦá
Ϊƾ̺ľ޴ܹ˳ͻƣûԼȻֻʥ۷壬ʥؽһ֮ʵȴԾɸоһЩ켫ΪΡ
ôûͻƣ
ľʱһֱ棬صĵһۣȴǺɲѡ
ӦҶԿռ򻹲
ͷڨЦҵʵĿһЩ˵ûо粻ȣȲ˵ʼջһЩ
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Ծģľḧ˸ԴЦŵ㻹úأԺͻˣ
ٺ١ﰡʲôʵڨڨһЦŶľصĸ첲ʵ
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Щ𾪣ľЦɵӣ浱Ϊﱻǳīڵʱڱؽ⹫⹫ʵҲΪΪãǳīΪʲôܹΪľĽ֮һѵΪΪ𣿺Ǻǡ
˵ҲŶ
Ȼף漴ٺЦˣʵԽԽãԺ󰡡ȥ˵ʱùͺᣬ᲻棬ٺ١
㰡
֪˵Цľػе۰Цŵãʱĸ֣˺ݺһ٣ڿˣվҺͶľ壬ҵǲɣ
ĳϵӣһľƵһݷ涼Իһˣ˵ݼһԶľصĻҲûκεĴ
ݣкҲʲô£ֻҪȥЩŵϹã
еĸ۷֪Ķʥصȵȣ˭ұ֤ûǿߣϾɲʥܹȵġ
ʥе˲ƣǿȴһԼ
һſ˲Ƹ𲻵κã֮УҲֻ׸Ľ
򰡡Ƕ˵ǶôңԶ飿

ңλڱһΪԫɽĵطΪԵʣ¶Ƚ֮طӺࡣ
գͨԫɽһ·ϣȴʮ˵Ķ黺УǰĺȻǶľľ·ӣǶľĸټұߵХԪ丸Ůˣ֮ڸһЩһӡ˵ʧȥұ۵ɫ԰֮ˣǶľƺ
˵Ҷ֪˶ľƺǶľѪʵͽҼӵʵֱֻǽľƺûиĳɽƺ
ֻ⼸ʱΪϢѾľأԺܶ˿ľƺĿⶼǹ죡ǻǰһһľƺضᲪȻŭϧڵѾûŵʸ
ľѪǣƾʲôţ
ߵԫɽһ˽֮˵ע⣬Ƿһȥܿ콪λҼ֪ϢٴŽҪԱӭ
֪ľе֮ľ£
ľƵĵһۣ̹̬֮ø޷
Ȼܿע⵽䣬ע⵽˴ʱľƵ˺Ŀ⣬һ⣬æЦ֪ľݹкҪ£зԸֱӴűǣαݣ
Ǻǣĺܿ
ľЦʵϷҲ֪Ϸ򣬶Զľ嵽ǷģҶľΪҲûп㣬أ
ľǺ⣿
в֮иȴԾɱЦݵĵ֪ľ˵ʲô˼ʲô˵طľֱ棬һʹǰǣ


904 Ҹϣ
ֱ棿
˽ĻľٴЦĲ֪ô˵ˣƭҶľôãѵĵҶľǸɵ𣿡
ľҡ
˲о˶ľ֮⣬кüĿԼϣʥأȴԾЩ֮Уӵ𵴡
û˵ʲôľƱһ֣ľƺ
ʱ֪ĴңһǿԿľƺĻǽȷм
üǱӡ˵ĶľƺڵľǺ⣿ⲻǶľô
Ϊնľ
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ľ˵ĵʲôȷ֪
ǳȴɿڵĵľҪҽңǾԲʲô£ľҲԴС˵ɣ
һһ찡
ľԶʱŭЦǴϷӲˣ˵һ㣬ϷʱںʲôϷҪɱ˭˸Ҷ˵ʲô𣿡
˻ŰľǶľƾţѹȵǽɫѿ˼㣬ѹֵʮּѡ
һֱûпڵ죬ǲһԼϵ⹫ɵĸ׶ľضһۣΪƽ
ڶľƵİǿУɫѿĵȻľô˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣľһֱңԽҵչˣ˿Ǿľְɣ
˵䣬һﾹֱӱ˫ۣһĿ壡
ҲԶľƺ˽⣬ȻĴ˷ٶڸȴֺγǶԶľƵһֶĲڶĶľƾԲûг֮ǰ֣
գȻǽӮˣ
ľһһҧЩûڰϷɣҲգȻϣϷҲûʲô˵ģ
˶٣ľƺȻֵ˰ľƺȥϵΪܹ֫Ҷľʮ꣬Ϸһ
ǣ
ܿ죬ŶľƵķԸʮ߳˽ǶľƺȥҪִ֮ʣվХԪߵȴɿ˳Ҫ˹ҪɱҵĶӣҪ
ŶľƲᣬֳǰĽȥһ˫۳ſ󣬿ϧǽȴȫûиоƵģûκα̬˵ˡ
㲻׼˵ʲô𣿡ľһǿбƽĽʵ
Ĳ֪˵ʲôľ֪ΪҪ˶ԴӣҲҽִмҷɣƽĵ
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ХԪɿɫѿ˼㡣˿̱Ž߳ĽҲһ֪˵ЩʲôôҲû뵽Ȼ־档
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ϧĻᣬԼģԽҲֲϷˣ
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905 Ҹ£
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ΪȻֵˣǱˣүүԨĽֵܣĪɽ飡
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Сӣʶˣ
ĪɽͷһۣЦΪСҵĸף֮ͲүүأյϢ֪ô֣Ǻǡһأ
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ڨڨһЦ漴ܿĪɽ˵һɻĶľöľһ̬ȼá
ˣضϼһõľЩ
Īɽذ˰֣Ŀֳǿȥɫһ٣ңղв˭أǲЩû㵨ӱˣ


906 ٵľ壬ˣ
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˺ͽͬʱɫ䣬۵ȫǿ־壬ȴǽĿ⿴Īɽ飬ЩԸ
˵ʵӻʮϲģ򵱳ҲΪһɫĴۣ
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ôһǿߣڶľλľӡУⲻɵöľ˿˿ľ衣ǶľĵˣǺؽ롣

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Ŀ˲䣬ɱʮ㣡
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ľɨһΧѪȣǰĵ˴ĻǵĶԸҶľ壬Ϊ

ȴһĬͷû̧˵ʵشˡ
ѵĲôľƺȵ

Цѵ˵˾ͲԶľԸ񣬲ŹǸӵģô
ȷ˽ң˵ˣҿʹһ㣬ΣľҲϣԵ
Ǻǡһ˵벻˵ʲô𣿡
˵⻰֮˫ۣνʤ߿ҲͲˡ
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ʱǽȴڱϲϵĺţȴûһᣬʱŵӣǱߵ˼㡣
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ľһӣһԪȥýֱӵڵϣҲʱֻǽΰˣľƵĿ˽ϣϷٸһλᣡǲ˵ϷҲֻнǸӴˣţһϲȥ֮ӣ

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״ľŭֵˣͽӴȥѽжȫߣһѻⱱԫɽ
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Ӧŵųʱ·뿪ʱԫɽӿ˳棬ԫɽΧ˿ûвκһط
ԴˣǳױˣûˣطҲûˣ


907 ϣջ죡
뿪෴ĵ·ϣ뱱ԫɽʮ￪һطĪɽӱԫɽ˲뿪󣬱ֱʱĿѵȺڴˣʮֵĹ
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Īɽҡҡͷ̾ʵֺγһأֻȴûôżڿ켸ˣеһľ诵ΪԣֻǻδȷԣҲһ̫⽫;
ǣٽǸ½̻壡˹ԹԵӦŵ
ˣ˵ˣԼӱذɣ
Īɽ̾ϢһȻԭʧ˵һ͸¡һֱĪɽ뿪εҡҡͷһۻıԫɽ漴˲뿪

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˭Ҳ֪ټֻܼϣҺͶľȫѰңѾȥôʱ䣬ܹҵļʼΪ㡣ܶľػ죬ֻǧڷ֮һĻᣬҲԲѰҡ

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ЩһŽһ֮ͻͽ
֮ǰаɷܹӵЩԴĻѾ߳ʮķΧҲضż
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쳤³һЩԴ˵ǼٵģֻŬƽѡ
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ʱķűˣ漴ľػ˽зһڵɢŨ
ǡ켱æȥ̽˹
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ľЩ꣬ΪûչһΣҲûԹĶ԰ȥ㰾һԿϲĿζ
Ķ϶ܺóԵģ
ЦŶ룬Ҳ˲̣ཹཱུĺ£ϵش޺úȣöľϸ¶ޱȲõЦݣȻ簮ŨŨĸ
Ѿʮˣɶڶľ˵ٴҲĶӣ
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صͷŵһţһؾ۵ģ


908 ȥعаɷţ
Ҫˣ
ڶ죬ľˣĵһ۱⻰
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ǺһЦصôʱ䣬Ҳҵ鶼ôߣѲ㻹λ
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ѾľͲ֪ú˵ôҲҵı簡

ľһȭӳȴǱ˹ȥöľʱһۣ㻹Ҷ㣿û˵縸磬ҽ㻹Ҷ㣿
ϻһ㣬浱ɵӣ
㡭

˶ŲͬʱЦ໥龡ţ˿ûκε϶١
Ц֮󣬶ľļСӣҴٹһͺδɩʽ飬ǸʱӦÿ˳ͻƣСӿɱϲң
˲ԣõһˣȻҿĲ㣡
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ҹŶľںԺУǿգǹ貣ĸӾʮ־׵ʱ⡣
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찲οһ䣬漴磬ҵһ飬㽫ͬʱԹעһԼı֪ȻͬǾŲƺ֮ƽһЩɣ
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ףȵʵĪ𣿡
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Ц˵ѪѰֳı࣬ȻҪܹܶ࣡򣬻Ҳ°빦ã
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ԸĻֳһЩʱȥ򣡡
˵񱻴һƵģ۾һĵлл֪ˣ


909 ĸ룬˵ľȣ
ȵƽ뿪󣬶ľȴǺ˵Ҫȥһˣ
ȥң
⻰һüҺͶľ֮Щ϶һֱϣΪҵԵʣӦû΢һЩ˲ҪȥǱߣһ֪ݣ»кܶﰡ
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ľһЦ豭һںΪȥҲµģ˵ˣΪҲЩͬŲ㱩¶
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ľ˵ϲֳһĨϷʵЦݣʱ֣ڨЦǣ˽ͻǣ
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εĴӦ֪ƽʱֵúᣬʲôȴôҲġ
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Ŷľ뷿ϨƣŽͷһƬ޾ǿգƽ˫ŨŨ˼šڵںδѾҵˣͲǾͿһžۣǿְ
ϧ׵ҹĻУʱʱ֮⣬ûܹκλӦ

󣬶ľջǺԨһͬ뿪ˣֻƽһ
˴Һƽ»صԺ£ʱƽȴǺһ̾Եޱȵı
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ƽûĳ춪һֻۣ룬Դ뿪ľغұҵֿܷܷˣ֪ʲôʱټϴ˵ʸ뷨ҪҸɾֻһֱܷܷţλȥʸôҪ󣬿ҾΣˣ
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ΣȻƽѾ׼˷ǻʸܷܷȢôҲҪ㾡ȫǡ

˼У˵ƽȻʱ벻ʲôõİ취κһ˵ͻƣԣû뵽õİ취֮ǰҾÿ춼һ

⻰ƽʱɥ磬㲻ôİɣ
˵ԸԸɣƽĵ㲻Ը⣬ھ뿪ʲôû˵
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ǰʱ䣬ѩڳ˯ҲǰŸոתڵѩƺûʲô̫ı仯Ψһ˫Ǳɫ˫ȴ˸ŵ⣬ԵԽ˲١
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ѩ׽һЦŽƽʽĽһ飬Ҳ˵һѩÿ飬ʱʹСһ۾һ񿴵ʲôƵģʱƽһԾܾʸܷܷԼһҧĽ졭
ǺļʱУÿ̻ɽĺɽУһҵĴ򶷣ƽǲҾ徰Ľ֪˻Ϊǳʲôǿħأ

ֶȫǿϲɺذ
չȥʱ䣬껺ƷСȹˣڼĵһۣǹЦţǰһģһ
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ǵģûˣ
ЦЦ˵ʵҲԼ壬ȥ֪ȳǣȷѡ񣡡


910 Źֵ
˻һʱɫһ죬ʲôȷѡ񰡣
뵱껸ȫȰ˵ڼλϲҪаɷԣȰ˵ˣҺõʱĮϢùڳʱֹͣҪ뽪ֵĴ㣬ɽŽҵıͼҪϵңΪߵӦҺõǵûܼʱӦ㱻˶ľľƺЩ飬ЩϱضὫٲ֮ء
˵ԾһһĽţȴվ˽Ǳ߶Ըаɷţ껵ĹϵٺãҲֲ˺ȥ
ʱ껺ƷСڶЩڨЦΨλѩɽׯׯı鲢û̫ı仯
Ψһ˫УϡɼͬĴȰ
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ӹ˿ɫһ࣬ƺҲ̫һЩҪֶ㻹ûȥɣ

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Ц˵ʵ˴ͷˣЩ㲻ʲôģλҿĻǾǿˣ
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ĺܿ죬ߵҲܴæ
±̻ɽǲͬȥıӰķüͷ΢΢ڶһֱչ˵ׯԽĺ桭


911 ״ʱ⣡
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ǣôȥˣľΪʲôᱻųѵ˵ΪĹϵ
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Ľɨһ죬ߵϣǵһΣҲһΣҿ͵ͱҶǲ㣡
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˵ţ˱Զˣȴûע⵽뿪ĽŤͷǱӰ֮ʣпһĨЦ⡭


912 ž
תۼ䣬ǰµʱȥ
ʱУƺĺĽ̸ˣÿ춼ȥһǸרõľÿζҪʯͬʯЦãֲܾܾ
ǰ漸ΣĽ̻ҪרŹһ£Ժݺв켸䣬ֻûĶָ˰ˡ
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µʱôеĹȥ̻ɽΧṳ̂һ
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գոճԹ緹ʱ򣬱Ժ⴫һϤո׼ȥԺ֮ʣһСӱֱײԺ˵ĻУ
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棬ѾͷҲ˹һֱֻۣȻûпڶ˵ʲôһ˫·˵Ĵ۾̺˵һˡ
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ѾͷܹɵӦһһһҵŶľص֣ԹڣⰲԺδŮ

ľŮѾͷĹܵ˼ҵůֻϧڻڣ
뵽ףɫȻ˲١
ǹ֮аɷ¶һƬϲգʯ˸רŹһһˣһһϷ˵ĽţöľغŮϵЦݾͼûôٹ
ҹһ֮һֱ賿ʱ֣Ůû˯һΣһļҴսϣǵʵΪףҲõΪһҹδ߶κεƣ룡
ҪǣŮƺ¶˾ҪƵģÿζǼֵ󣬷˲٣ԼҲòϣÿһ˶ģ
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⻹һ㣬Һжľذæ˯ǻǰĻôܻܵǰδеľѴ
ľص֣аɷûж֪ҶԡϷˡƣϽŮɱΪˣԼˣѵ͵ȷҪϼ꣬ϣȴûк˼
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ׯˣ˵ݷϷ˵ģ
գѾǶľغŮǹĵ죬ʯԹͬʱҲ˴˻Ⱥ
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Ц˵Ϊ˲𲻱Ҫ鷳Ҳû˵ľصϡ
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΢΢Ƿ񣬶ҲǷؽ㣡
֪ľֵģȻô˵ȻҲ˵͸ֻһؽƺȴĸԸ춼еһ˿Թ
ⲻɵ΢ľҲǲؿһۣЦˣüȻһ㣬ǽˣҪ˵ɣ
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Ҳ֮ЦЦͶľһͬλֱ׿λյҲΪ
ҶߣλչˣԲƣлˣ
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ľؿȷ˵ǵһμ棬Ҳ֪ʲôԭˣ
ʱ죬ȴҲüͷ΢壬˵˽ⲻ˲ǣǲΣ˸ҶĸײǾĵˣΪ˸һУҲں
ңʱĹȥҲʧڶľּ֪˵̸У֪ƺѾ˿˿ֻȴЩĹ죬ûбע⵽ˡ
˿ȴҲΪԽ϶ԼеĲ²⣬ط˶ȻľѲĹϵκһ߼壬ҲͬľŮˣ
˵˺һƺʲôƵģ˵ˣֶϴἰѩɭ֣ȻҲ֪Ϊʲô϶ҲԼҪ飡ԣһȥ֮ȥһڼ¼ıйѩɭֵ飬ϣֶܹһ
ԣЦŽӹݹ׵ǾͶлˣһ磬Ǻǣ
ؿ֮飬ЩʲôЦ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦҲûżȥڵļ¼ʱľȴǺɵ˵Ŀλڼ֮صƬɭ֣ôȤ

ڶľغ⣬ΪڳԵʣѡıܿˡ
ƺƽľ΢һЩ羰㲻⣬Ҳûʲô˼
ľسȻȥǾ͸ɴһȥһ˰ɣ͵棡


913 ѩɭ֣
ѩɽׯǸңǸǽϵӰУȻӡţʱȴɫ쳣ԭزתȦһƺú˲٣ǳѪ¡
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һ΢ͣһЩ˵˵Ŀģûƭң
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һ˺ܾãһ۽˸Ứ»ָƽģ뿪ʱѾ˵ڶ賿ǵҵʱյգ

ڷѩɽׯ飬ǲ֪ǰĸ׶ľأԼѾͷȴѾλڼ֮ظѩɭֵС
ΧһƬİѩΨǰɭȴⰻȻȺһƬռƵģǲѩɭֵУܹеĸܵȻͬŨϢ˲Ϊ泩

۷Ź˵ʵէһûʲôΧǰѩ໥ӳȴһأһǵһμôصľ󣡡
ֻ飬ѺãʶĶľض̾Ѿͷ˵СҰƵĲΧЦţЦ⾲׵Ĵд
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Ůľ̸ϲ˭ҪܹԼĶʵһѾ㹻ˣ
Ȼ²ǳͿ羰ô򵥰ɣľغȻЦʵ
϶Ųôأ
û쿪ڣ㵱ǣ˵϶ʲôȻŲԶĴţ

ĻЩЦãҲû˵
˿ȥ˷ܲѵСѾͷżʵŴǳͬʱ˳һ
ߺߣ˳أ
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ǣϵıȴֲòϣһֳ֮ĵ֣öľһֱЦǺǵġ
˺ˣ˵ʵɣ
εʼ磬漴Į˵ʹҶ˵һ顣
Ů֮ŽעΧЩдУ˿ܱѩӰϡûѣǻĲע⵽Щïһĳɳһָԣȫǳǰĳ죬ȷԵΪ⡭
һҲ֤˽Įʵԡ
ô˵ʵѰˣ
۾Ź⣬Ĺ˽ƵĹâߴٵǻʲôǿ߰ɣ磬ְҪȥҺñ
ʲô
ٻѾͷʱŵŵŵ˻Ҳ֪Ѿͷ˭̵ģĺ࣬˱ǼӼֱ켫ΪЦá
ְ֣Ҫȥұ𣿡̧ͷ죬ˮĴ۾գѽգġ
ţ
СѾͷڻУСǣһֻǣ磬Цŵߣְִȥұȥıʲôģ
Ү
Ѿͷ˷ܲѣ˫иԷĹâʱĶľŮӵŽһӱ˵˵ЦЦļѩɭȥȻҲǰΧЩľָԶУҲõĻߴ·
˭Ҳûע⵽ʱ鷺˿˿죬ԭҪΪѩɭֵԽ룬ڵĸԽ˵ЩڴܻһֹŹֿơ
ȻⲻеĽľĪϣеľ飿
Ͼдеӣֻ໥ˣ˿ʲôӦڹ֮ʱʹá
һڸֳ˸ڴ֮⣡


914 ѩ룬ѩľ
һ˻سѩɭмȥǵ룬ΧϢȴԽŨľӵïʢ࣬ȻΪȴ첻ü
˵ľĻӦò˴ı仯Ͼûб֮ǰûӦ֮ǰǾԲܷôı仯ض˵ע⣬Ҳһұɡ
ԣ֣ΪԼ֮ǰĲ²ˣľ鲢
һ仰˵úãνۼΪʵԲҲ⣬Ҫ˴ѩɭΪλ˹Ūڵǲľ飬Ź˶ȻȻı֪ˡ
ͷת䣬ȴЩЦľ飬ôڸΪʲô춯
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찵ҡҡͷһߺɰŮ˵Żһǰ·ѩɭȥ
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Ȼʲô鷢Ļæչһǣ쳯Ŷľش˵
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ֻһ·룬ȴƺΧ״֮⣬ûκķ֣Щ¶ȵȷԽԽˣȴûע⵽еСѾͷȴǴ۾Щ˸ƺִĹâ
ͣ£
תֻǰ˴ʮӣĶľغĳס졣
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СѾͷĴ۾ƺ˽Լеǳġ
˵˵ô£ʵҲ˳˶ľһ԰öľɻҲûٶʲô

СѾͷһЦȴ˶ľص֣ŵŵŵı㳯ǰ˹ȥʱѾʧ˵ߵС

ľؼ״ʱ󾪣ȴİɣСѾͷɲأԺ֪ˣĻһϲأ
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ľؿЦõҡҡͷô򵥣ʼҲһСأ
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Ц˵ô˵ɣŮһЩ˽ĻͲô˵ˣߣ΢˵һ㣬ʲôΣյĻ¾ˣ£˵ʵڵģҺദʮ꣬ɶȴȻûж˽⣬ֻ֪ҵĹŮǣ

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ﰡģпˣúõ˽˽һ£
ЦЦ䣬СѾͷ˸߲ҵĴǰһܻһ߽ţְ̣֣ǿ쿴ҵʲô
ʱĻһСźСèС̺ͨѩֻƽ棬һֻë״βͣĲϣէһ»ᵱΧء
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ܵǰеС쵽ǰСȴЩֵӣë׵ĴβʹΧΧһë򣬶˵ǿɰ
ۡÿɰŶ
һӴ˹ȥĵãҿ𣿡
Ȼ㣬㱧ɣ
Ǵ󷽵ĽСݵ绳УСһﻹܲԸҲûӹֻ绳˦˦βͣһǲģߴߴߴĽиͣ
СߴٽҾͲŶ״ʱ˫ֲĳ
֣ÿЦá
ߴߴ
СĻ󣬹ϵİһֺƵͷ漴ĳȥ
úãԺҪôԣ֪𣿡ͬƵĨĨСԴСһԽĵţ˵жͨˡ
һֻС
ЩɵСɻ
СƺѰදҪСһЩȴӵ鶯ò˵Сһ֮ѩƺҪϲһЩ
ⲻһֻѰС
ľϸһûĻӦһֻޣΪѩľˮľ˫ԣĹ󣬻Сһģ
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ߴߴߴ
ȡΪСߴСһľ˵ȴ˷ܵĳߴߴߴĽиͣվϣһ˷ȸԾš
һĻǸӵΪ֮һϲ
˵Ĳأ
ʱҲڱϴĵΪСߴŬԲŻγЩأְ֣ǲҪСߴòãܿء


915 Сߴľ鵽֣
˿̵ˮĴ۾ĴģСţϣ졣
СߴֻѩľҲǴУƺǿˣк˫·˵С۾Ŀ죬ǶСǰ֫ҾֺãֱѾûʲôˡ
˵ܿΪʲôأû̴Ӧתʵ
ΪҾ֪ѽ
СѾͷһֱСߴһֵֻʳָҧţƺԥ˵벻˵
ʱľأԼǵĿⶼȫֻѩľϡ
СߴҪǺͰְ˵ɣ
һͷСߴ˵ְǶǺأһģңԺҪŶԲԶ԰ְԹƭְֵģ
ߴߴߴ
ĻСߴǽ磬ƺڽ͡
֪ðɣҴӦ㣬ԺһúչŶ
ƺСߴ˵ʲô˵СԴ֣ص˵ڿʼǾǺýˣˣҪټŶԺҺԵģСߴĹиͬͬ
ⷬЦã϶ľغŮҲúܣЩ˭СѾͷģ
ߴߴߴ
Сߴȴ˷ܵ˺üȦֱӷ𣬿ٵһȦһ磬˶ʱ־ȣٶŮʵǿ鶼Ȳ
Ȼڶľغ˵˲ǿ϶Ҫ˲١
ְ֣㿴Сߴôɰ԰ְͱŶĺܿģ
תһȦصԼеСһ˵СߴСûаְ裬һܶµأһжΪΪܹ㳤أ
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ЩɣľʱȴԵ˵Ĳ
˵ѩľˮľ˫ô⣬Ϊʱ³ԵĲܹɰѩ໥ںϵΣ
ЩҶǴӵ伮мģȴûھȻѩľĳ֣
ѩľϹޣϹʱȻ㺱Ϊ˫ԵԵʣΪ֮͵Ĵڣֻϧٶȼ죬ʮУйܣܹõһֻĵѩľϹʱҲһּѵ飡
˽׽סѩľԼ޷ѣԾ
˵ľصǹ죬һڶŪСߴɵҲ벻ͨΪʲôСһܣӣ
⻰˵ʱСߴĸţСһߴߴߴĲϽţĴЦһѩľĸĵطεĻ飬ᱻ˵ֱȥˡ
̣ΪСߴϲѽ
˶ľصĻСߴٵø߸ߵģЦŻص
ǰǰҵĹŮɰˣ
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ţ
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ְˣҲã裬̣С̣㶼أ
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ܾƺЩ̫Ծ
üͷĽΪСߴӦòӰ쵽ôķΧǰңĮҲ˵ˣǼһɫľӨţңﻹӦкܶħĤǿӲŶԣ
ߴߴߴ
ĻСߴȴǳ
첻ȻҲСһ˵ʲô
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ûлɣ漴ȴһ˫ƷĿ׼ȷǶСߴСһһæУʲôƵġ
ְ֣ŵСߴˣ̵ͬСĸƵģСߴص
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ߵߣСѾͷǽŵ񣬵ЦְûжģְʣǸɫĶ
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ðɣְֵŶ㣬Сߴߣ
˵һ㱧СߴСֳǰȥ͸ղһһӾûӰһζľȴû˵ģֻеԼĶΪʲôôǿӡ
ŴʱЩĸɫľȴҲûжʡ
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ӺܻˣץһͨɫӨ͸ӡ
ְ֣˵ôôÿأӵݵǰ

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Сߴниͣ˵᲻ãһּļ
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СһԴְ£ǲܴŵģ
˵ţ㱧СһͶľ˺һЩҵעɽŵķϣΨֳʲô״
ֻǴʱȴҲûȥ񳹵ױеӣ׼ȷ˵ľ·һƬ̲Ŀտԭ֮һƬɫ
ڶľغȴǺȻ뵽˺һĶ״̬ΪصǣʱΧľȽïʢһ߶׷׳תƣܵĳӰ죬˿Ŀ࡭
ʱһһĹȥ·һУԭеľ飬˿ȴҲȻһɫֱûڣʱһɫȫʧֻһ˱˫۾վͬƵġ
ڣ֪׹ȥã˶ΪԽ֮ʣ͵˫ۣ˫ӡǿľʱٻۣת˲ֳ֮һ׳ɫ
¹ǡţͷ¿졢Ϻۡۡ롢߸㣬һ㣬ôɼǾɢʵһڳ˼ѹ֮УΨʥʵĶľȴǱɫƽʵȴ˵𺳣
һ̣չְֳöľĪĸ̾


916 裬ѩƵС
ǿһ̾ţֲΧǿŨŨȴִİѹڳ˵Ķʱֳһ塭
·ʶӡΧü˲䱻ȡֱӿήͬʱ׳ɫʵʰƣǾ仰˵һ㣬ƴӻ
ٿ䣬Ȼһľ裡
ʱƷڵֱϮڶǾ޴βȻ֮䳯ǰľֱϮȴûֲֿըһжúܼž˿ûκһ֡
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Щľţԭһ˲ĹήĿ֦Ҷ׷׹䣬ƴһ׳ֱӱһнľߣһĻֱЩš
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˵ģǰƣκΪ֮ˡ
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սȭͷϻ裬СߴҲĻߴߴţƺڸ˵Ƶġ
ѾͷѾֳһЩȴƺ˼άҲ˲٣ȻһֱŮųɳΪǡаΨһ˵ȴŶڽǿҵڴ
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簮ԴЦŵ˰ְ֮ǰҲֳɫҲǺһģ
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ȷʹԨ⣬ԨȻҲ򵥵˵һ飬ֻСѾͷһʱ棬ȴû뵽ǵ
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ľһ죬ղ˵ѾĿӣֱʲô
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ˣүүԨ֮⣬⹫ľƣҼ𶼲֪Щ
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֣صĵͷ漴Ŀڡ

ְ֣쿴ѩ۸ҵСߴˣ
ѩƣ㲻׼۸СߴȻҲϲ㿩
ԴշľǱٴοʼ̣ûżȥĶȫĿĵĵţȴҪ½ѩƷ˳ΪϹѩʨѩƣȻȻһ˶ľصľȣһټأľضҲһЩߣǺָܿ˹
ѩһ֣Сߴ˹ȥһĲѩƣϧѩƶûʲôоÿζСߴĥϰ£ǿÿЦãÿѩơ۸Сߴʱ򣬶״˵ʲôҲϲѩˣɵСѾͷִչȥѩƣСߴһͬˣж࿪ˡ
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Сߴһ쵽˱籧ڻ⣬ʱȷǲѩƲţ֪ѩƺСߴĸĻĻΪǻһԽİأ
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ĬĬ˵ͷһڱϵѩƺСߴЦЦΣСһﶼǵļˣԼɳɣܳΪʲôӣͿǵ컯ˣ
漴˲ٶ˵ʲôйţΧǰѩľ󣬵ǱһȤζ
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Сߴһͬ˹ЦոСߴ˵иطܺأ׼ǹȥأ
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ĻɵʲôطԶ𣿡
ԶԶǱߣһɽأָŶ˵
ھʹڼ֮أȥĻǾǸӵıˣŶ˭֪᲻ʲô̫Σգһ˵ĻԥĹȥͬеĻŮҪŮеκһܵ˺Ը⿴ġ
ߴߴߴ
СߴʱҲؽë׵Ĵβָ򶫱ƺ˵ʲô
ȻȴܹоСߴ˼ܼ򵥵һ仰㲻ȥ϶ڣ


917 ļɽȣľһ
컹ȥˣȴĺĴߴ֮⣬ŮĵͷҲǸɽȺܺ棡
Ϊ˵Сߴ˵ǸɽŲͬѰԳŮȷ
룬ĸ׶ľʥظֵıŮİȫӦòʲô⣬Сߴ·һޱ㳯Ŷȥ
̤ڰѩϣһΪżԵʣҲû̫죬һΧѩһ߻ǰУʱʱЦһСߴѩƵΣȴǸ˵óٴ˲ٵȤ
ڣһʱȴСߴɽȡ
һȿڣǲüͷһ塣
ɽȿѰȴһ֮ǰȫĸо˵أ쵱ڹȿڴͣ
磬ôˣʱʵĴܣûκΣա
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ҲʵģΪԶľصʵ˿ܲ⡣
ΣգֻǾЩ֣
ҡҡͷ̾һ仰Ҳ˵ڵǾãǻĽȥһ⣡
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ǺһЦһֺ㵱̤У˽棬ʱǳİ֮أԵþ費٣Ȼ̤ڵɲǣȴӭһĴ磬·ֱϴ֮УִӺ䵽ů±仯ȴ˶һ泩١
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ݶľ˵ҲԼ֤Ԫ޷ָģһϣᱻֱӴͳȥ
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ʵҲǺȻԼЩ⣬ΪܹоԪȻܹԱĸٶһָǲ죬Բžһ顣
ܿ죬ͨȷԼڵ״ԪԽ죬ԼڵĻָٶҲ֮ӿ죬ƺһȡ֮֮ơ
ʱһһĹȥܹеĸܵԼڵһб仯յǿľ飡
Ѿȷľ鲻ˡ衯ǰĹܣһֹܣǱǻָ
ǰδеĻָٶȣʱ̶۷״̬
ԪĻָľϵɫâȴ΢һЩȻһֵȼ۵ľָһľľô㲻ȥˡ
ǲòϣľֹܵȷżãڶԵеʱܹⷽռݾԵƣϿ¶ܰѶԷֱ
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֣ץס֣˲ĹǾ˫ۣʲôôܣ


918 ɽļ
ܿ죬ľأѺ˶׷̽һоʱ̱۷״̬ĵɵö¶ǰδе֮ɫ
콫ľһ˵ʱǸˡ
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Ϊﲻò˵ĸԵ˱Ȳ˵ģ
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ĻŮһЦСߴҲߴߴĽ˽Уƺڱ֤漴żǰȥְһ·ˣŶӦ˵Ǵ·ǡ

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յĺ㣬յȣյĻյıϢһ໥ƣĿ鱦ԼΪ̬໥ںϣմżӺ󣬱γһΣس·Ʈȥ
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919 ȡ
þȥϵļȴûһ㷴ӦǶҲδЩЦá
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״˵ֱӦѾһԣܹܹõѪַʽ
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ļǰôģһ㷴ӦûС
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ЦõİҡҡͷҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣСߴȴȻļϣָǰļߴߴߴĽиͣŪһͷˮ֪Сһﵽ˵Щʲô

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ܿ죬ڿŮ׼˺ζٳľˮͬʱӿͬʱֱļμĸС
ɲǼ䣬ļɫâ˲ʢΧɵһҫɫͷףǱһС
ְ֣Ѫ
Ȼڶ켱æٴμһѪɿע뵽ļС
һΣȴǺйֱӽѪȥҪҲһ˲䣬ֻͬյĳƵģĳļƶȥҪ˸ɵơ
ıһ˲üΪ԰ףΧ˿ֵǡ
ҵǣоԼ֧Ųסʱļһɫʹɿû뵽ڣҲһɲǣԭĵľڼٵķɫڲʱбȻ׻ָƺһ
ĪļȻ
۾һϵ˷Σ룬ǶԽҲ°빦Ч
ţ˷ܻδȴ֮ʱļȴǴԺһЩϢļйܶ˲һ˽⡭
ȣ֮ǰĴﶬһļܹһĻþǴﶬֻֻþʵﵽ۷ܹļ任ñþס˸޷
ʥ۷ʵҪסһʥص˸ʲô̫⣡
Σļа񼸺һãǾ֮ʱħӰ죬ʱ̱ѣɴﵽ°빦á
Ҳ֮ǰĲ²ˣļܹ֮ʱͬʱ֮Ѱ߶ھǧ˵ַɻࡣ
֮⣬оļûô򵥣ƺʲôĹܣڵʵܴģҲԽ˺桭
Ҫ֪ļ̫ˣƺͲǵ֮
ôγɵģǰ˭Ϊʲôôɵıȡ
һеʣڶû취ͣ
ȲˣԺһ֪ģ
˦˦ͷڻعɲǣȴǷΧԭڵĻɫռȻʧʱȴվһƬѩ֮ϣ֮һƬİããƺŵľֻһ㡣
ܹоļĴڣǶҪЩеãˡ
֮콫Լõļһ϶һһʮ˵˳ڳ˸̾ѡ
ȷˣҪ˵ȥ֪ж˸Ľʺޣ


920 ػز֮
Ԫ½йص⣬˿ûΪԨүȥʲô̫ı仯ͬǰϾʲôطѰ߾Ӷ࣡
ڼѧԺľռУȴΪȥʼնЩϰߣϾϰĽ̵ȻһµĵʦڽѧͱȲ죬һȴǸôһʮֵĲӦ
ѧԺϳϣѦԼϺܿ췢״Ⱦ˲ٽκεʦĽ̵Ǹַʽɲõġ
Ǿ֮⣬ǻ׷磬ƽܣԼڲǵ֣ѾϿ˵Ů磬ԼһЩѧԺҶǺѵļˡ
ھռеסȴǶ˲ٵľݣʼѵһЩľݶÿһס֮Ūģ̶ֳȸʤ
գ⸽ȴǳֳһƬ˷ܵΡ
˶ΧһһŮˣһĿЦ
˵ţôҪˣĪǷӳɻ鲻ɣ
Ҿ˵ҪСһ㣬㿴˲ǣ
׻˵úðǰķĹ㿴ڶҪȥˣǲǸоܲˬ
ӿֵ֮Ƚģûֵܽ˵ʲô
һһ䣬˵֣κСڸ޷һǺĿҪγˮ
˵ǵȷǷӳɻ飬ȻĻڻ£ѾôȥˣһĴ˸Ц
˵δл㲻ʲôڻǼѧԺѧԱأ
ԣھǵ֣֣½֮󣬾ѧһ꣬Ƚӣº֮ȥѧԺ
֣κԸģ˳żѧԺĵʦͲֹϵõѧԱȻϣԼѦѧԺҲǾٵġ
ͨѧԱѧԺϵ涼һܼ˭֣κҲ첻أϿϣȻŵǽĵԸϹȥСޱȵ˷ܣ
˺ˣ
ΪСеĺģܿЦ˵СǵĴϲİɣʱǼȥģɾû˰Ǵڶˣ
ԶԣһȥʱһôܺúõһֶأһЦͶһۣͬʱٺٺٵЦ
Це}ˣ˿ֱۡ
Ŷֱ۵磬ȴһĽżɻСڣԹĳһҲ뵱Ӱ
ˣȥƺûУܿʵ
Ȼôܰˣ
֣§ϸЦŵȥʱһҪǣ⣬һȥһ˺ڤ򣬰κǶˣٺ١
ʲô񽣴أ
ܿʵԴ뿪֮Ҳֻ񽣴缸棬֪ʲôط𣿡
֪

ܿἰ죬˵ɫһЩ
Ѿ˴һĹǣ֣κ֮ǰǽʱ֤أû뵽Ƿӳɻ鲻ӣͿ񽣶֪ںδ
磡
ȭݺݻһ£ҧгݰĵǼһ㶼һˣټɩܹ˰⣬ֱҲ֪˵ʲô
ٺ١Сӣ
Ļչȥļ򣬼üŪ۵ĻЦ˵´μǵʱǾͶ˼ֶֶŮٺ١

˶ʱһƬЦڳļŮǺѡ
ӣ
ûĳһۣҲģбʮʮ
˼統
ЦСӣҿǼס˵ĻˣҲ
㡭
ʱһ󾪻ţҪ֪Լڱ˵ĻǻðԼĥѵƤ

ģһЦŴһִһ˵һ֣κҪȥ׼Ϊ뿪ˡ

羰ɣȴΪаٵԽķ٣ȻȲϲִͳǳأȴޱȷٵľĺò֡
ңȴڲݶǶҵĹһʣ˿ûһյ֮С
ʮˣֻˣ
һðƥеĴϣľܵķ羰߳˵Ứ
һ·ϵĽŵĵεΣߵŮϸţһ߸顣
Ѿͷһ˱ѩƣһ˱СߴΧıģЦﴫΧ·˷׷ײĿע⵽Ѿͷֿɰ鶯һ׷¶ޱ΢Ц
Դȥаɷź˾Ҫĸ׻һˣҼİţרĿռ䴫ֱӻص˲ݣҲʡ˲ٵʱ䡣
Ǳûʲô飬Ҳ߶һЩʱ䡣
ҪģϽǶҪؼҿȻҪǴһǣѺѾŮˣȥһּǱزġ
ҲҪһԪԼңϾô˵ҲԼҵˣѾͷͲö˵ˣֻҪܹѾ㹻ˣȥδûκġ
飬ϽãҪĶŶľػСסգ
أͨռ䴫ص֮ǱѡΪһĿĵء
ƺ˺ܴģһУЩ΢
뿪ʱ䣬ǰֱ仯ȴԶ׼ģ˵ģǽֵıֵ֮࣬ߵ̵һСͳǳƵģۻңĿϾӡ
羰ûʲô仯Ҽ䵱еѾȫͬˣ
ľ̾ţǻ
һԵˣڻصʮûлļ֮ʱһֽ֮УڴʱΪж˵㾧Ө
ܵܣã
ʱȻഫһȵŮפȥȴǷһɫȹŮӿ첽˹
㰡ˮ㣡
ߵǰˮЦ಻ˮԽƯ˰Ҽ
ܵҲԽԽ˵أ
ˮЦû֦չǰһ˶ǲӿʱѳһ
ˮð
ǰһ¶ۼŤһ£Цˮӵ˵ˮˮ¥ڲݶǱôҲһ
ǿɶǰˣ
ˮЦԴʧ뿪ұ㽫ˮ¥ǨƵôǿطѡĲɣ

˷׷׵ͷʱˮȴǽĿ˶ľأȻĵˣ㿴ԣˮ㣬Ҹһ£ҵĸף

ˮһæľǷ񣬡ĸ֪ĸʧĵط벮ĸ£
̫ˣ
ľ˫һĨ⣬ЦЦĿˮһݣ֪ΪǾȫ͸κܿԡ


921 ټүӣ
ˮ̸һԻҪ뿪ߵʱˮľһۣǿΪ֡
ǡ첻ʵ
Ǻǡûʲô
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ˮң
һȴǾ㵵ţ˵ˮҿλڶǸˮң
ţľصͷ
ôأ
ľصͷü˵ˮǼпܽؼȡ֮Ϊµ۷֮һļأô˳
飬ô˽⣿ɻ
Ϊ㣿
û鿪ڣľȴЦ˵ȥΪڼ䣬أٵĵ伮һ飬˵ܹΪ㽫ķչṩһϢ
ѶҲˣ
ԺҪúõضԴǣҪΪ֪һԲǵ飬Ϊɲ㣡
˵ľصȻһЩ
켱æӦİɣҰǻˣôʲôԲǵ飿
ǰţĺܺˣ
Զԣܺõģ
ĻŮ̷׷ΧŶľһıʾöľؼֱЦãܹԼĶӺͶϱ˺ദȴŵĿĲѣ
һļңʲôҪ

ּңǶǿļ֮һŵĸͦذףΪ䲻
ԶԶأһŮӰԶеĲ̫˧ȴһаеʣŮȴͬŵĻƵģһ·ϲ֪˶ĿĹע
ιǿ쿴ʲôˣ
ּһע⵽ˣһԻ󣬶ȻʲôƵģ͵ĳԱ˼˵
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˵棬һ٣ΪҲͬע⵽ò绨Ů˵ò⡭ⲻǴСͶС
С㡭С㡭
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죬ѺſڣǵһϳĸǰҳߵʱûٺǴ򽻵Ҳˡ
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ĸҷͷ˽ȥıӰȴһ˵һһ
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Ǹˣ˭֪أ
һĸĿڣа٣а죡찡а죡ȻʹССһˣ
ֹأһСͶС㶼аٵֱۣ
찡ɣѵ˵λС㾹Ȼһ⡭ôܣ
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С㣬Сˣ
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ԣԣȥ
ѺĻ룬ּѾ˼ľϲУŮǷ׷ǰʺãһչŨŨĹġ
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үү
־ó˲䣬Ů̳˹ȥ滨꣬֡
Ůͺãͺð
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ЦãȴκεĲΨΨŵŵһڨЦ̬
ߣŮߣǽȥģ
үӷֱץѺСֳȥһվǹġ

ٽ֮ǰүŤͷе켱æӦһЦƨƨߵĸ˽ȥһٶŮһЦԳ׳һޱĵİۣүүȥ¡
ܹµţүӴʱĹѾȫŮϣôǡεֻûκα仯һУʼмѺЦѡ
죡
֪˶ãүӵȻعæվЦүүʲôԸ
үү
ԼĳƺүӵŤһ£Сӻ湻Ҫġ
үү
ѺƵĽһүӺεĵ˺ˣѾͷû޳ȥؾͰС˵ˣ
죬ʵ֪ǽýṲһ򣬵ôҲû뵽˾Ȼ㣡
εɨһߺŮүһȻĳ˵㣬ζԴŮ֪һŮˣǱ̲ɣ

һʱͣүӵĽĿ£ʥصʵԵüΪڡ
үүģ
һȻΪʲôˣһһѽõģʲôԲǵĵط˵ԼԭԼģ
⻰˵ģ
ǣ
ãҾһΣ
үӳԺŮͽˣ
ллүүϲףŮһ񣬾Եúܼ
үүͷİɣ
ѺҲһһҵүӵĸ첲֮ȴǺɵһΧʵүүأĪǲڼ
ǰȥˣ϶
үЦЦ˵ˣǲŻ϶֪ɣǱߵĿ׼ҺҾҪˣ׼СӺҵŮ֮ʽ飬Ѿ
ǵĿ׼Һң
ԣʱʵүү˵֣κ
ԣϷ֪ڼѧԺʱϵ˵ǻĻʣ
үۺ룬Ц֮Ǳһȥɣ
ã
ŮͷȴǺȻҡͷаЦүүǻԼͺãʱҪһϲٺ١


922 ˱
ǣһǲݶĴΪƶһ
Ȼƶֻԣ֮ݵʲô֮ڵģȴҪұַ֣֮չȴԽչĸࡣ
ⲢڣǿļĪˡ
죬֣Ҵү֣ҴС׵ĺӣ˻ֵĺ󣬼е̾˸ָŻݻǸܵڵĻա
嶼ԾΪ߳ɵĵ̶£֣Ҽ֣£ҼһºЩ̵ƹҲƹȻҲǸУ򻹲˸
ݳɣܱ߲ٵļ׷׽ӵʹͷܶһ½ĸۡſڣӿ֣ҺҵææȥνǽŲմأûͣʱ򡭡
ĸۡרΪ֣κҲΪСܹ㹻˽ܿռ䣡
˵Ӵ󣬸ۡװεʮֵţ˿κݻ
ˣûܹСƣÿһ϶޾õЦݡ
ڽֵϣ컷ΧһУаЦû뵽֣κСȻҵǰ飬ǲƤˣٺ١˵Ƿӳɻģ
ְ֣ʲôзӳɻ鰡
һֱǣţһżȲϿţǲʵ
ˣ˵ʲôأ̻Сӣ
ûͣ鵱ûһ䣬漴ֺ˵
ﲻҾ֪
ŽϽöΪЦãʱȴڱϴĵãӳɻ˼˵˺ӲŽŶ

ðɣʾˣûѾͷԴһ£ѺȴЦѡ
Сбô
ƲƲ죬裬̣С̣кþúþû裬Ժҿ϶кööĵܵã
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Ҫ֪Լ˶Ͽ˵ĴţСȴһֱԡ衯ƺˡ顯֣еĺźܴġ
磬òǰһŮ˰ɣ
ƤЦⲻЦ˵һͣƺֿأʵŶ
Ȼû˵ʲôһǵȴҲúɵĿɨȫֱЦá

ӣƺҲ֪Լ˵ˣϽܵһߣûûεѾͷվǶһ߿żȣһߺ񿴺ϷƵģʱʱĻЦ޲ýץڴϣݺݵһ٣
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һʱ˶壬ֻɫͬʱڿЦһ£û뵽а쾹Ȼڲݳڻбӵһ죡


923 ſڵ־磡
Ѿܾû˸ҵԼ棬ϷԼŮˡ
ŰһģɢϢԾֶЩˣеȥˡ
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СһɲҲκЩԼݱ΢һҵ֪ôġ
СҴҵܽȥ¶һĨΪ̵ЦݣʶˮΣҸɵԺ󣬿ô죿Ҵүңòͷˡ
ܵܣǵǺ°
ˮߣȺŮһкСԴųϷʵĵ
һֱֻܲ˸Ĳˣ
εʼ磬ˮûнУľƲֻһЦˡ
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Цףûȥƻ֣ҵĹأܹˮ·Ҳǲ
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ˮЦЦ㳯ǰȥǽ󣬲ȴһϣҲŤͷֻһϹӣԾһֱ֮У漴һһͬʱͷҲк
ϱһԴǵˣƽˮ֮⣬ּҼ־ó壬żҼŴҲһԲܹͷʾ⣬ѾһּΪŴˡ
ߣְŽ˳ҵ飬ҲǶЩ£ʶϵ䵭̬ȣ첢ûзϡ
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ֽˮɫ˲һգ˫΢еĵôҴ˽ȥУ״үǲǹܵҲ̫һЩɣ
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ȻΪˮЩ⣬ԾɹŲѾµĹأȻһЩԻȵ˽ȥˣ֣ҺҵĶţ
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˰ĻˮһЦ˳Ťͷܵܣλӣͳ˻Իȵˣôʲôо
˵أ˫һ̯Цá
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ˮ˵øÿȻǸɵҲȲ㣡ǣǴȥˣ
˵ˣУ
ɹŲӣûʸȥ
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ˮŭЦˮͷһ˵ЩʲôҪɴʲô˶ýˣΣ
ˣˮ㣬Ƚȥɣ
֣ǾһǣǴõӣ
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һΣ浹ûǣ˫ֱǰǸ߰ĵſڣưѣǲм켸ˣЦΪаϰ壬ǾͿԻȥƾҲ䣿ޣ
ʲô£
ʱһΪϵӰ滺߳Ѿ֣Ҽ֣Ҽ֮⣬һˣмƣչİ׼ҼĸװԪ
ԪߵĹУ΢֣һЩʾ
˿̣λĳ֣ΧһƬȻǸϧ
ǰȴɫһϲæǰݼɵ
ͬ͹Ƶģ˿֮ʱŰ裬ǣȻûиԼһֻҪֺ֣ºǣҲ֪㲻ǴТأ
ţ
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ٺ١ɵⲻȥ𣿺ٺ١һøɩӺģ漱æЦ
⻹࣬СӶ£
֣ЦЦһ߳ΧȥһʵˣС˵ſ£µأҵҪ˭Ҷ£
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ڴϲָ˵ɵҶǸ⣬ڻʹأûҪ˵ܶڸɵĻ˵
ûȰĻ˵꣬ڼ켸˵ɲǣ֣²ɫһݣæֺס˰棬ɫΪƵĵ˵ǣ


924 İ棬˷ܵˣ
ʱ֣£ԱߵҲϳǣɫҲǳ
գһ̱ޱء
֣ºƵĿŰ棬ðƺоʲôȻ嶼һ˲˺ü¡
֣֣֣ôˣ
Ϊ游׵İԪæǰʵǼûҪôֱ˲ˣ
죡
ԪĻ䣬֣ºͬʱǳ⣬ðԪɫһ䣬ȴ˿졣
棬һ飬ղ˵Ŀǣ֣
ɡɵҡҡ
汻ŵ٣ǲ
ʱٿԼɵĲԣǸİ׳ռӶˡ
ûôǰɣ
ž
ǻ˵ɵҵĻǰɣ
ž
Ǻţܰ裬ǰɣ
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֣һһ仰ʳһһȳİԴ׵ͬͷһȴ˿
ԱߣԪһĻҪڣȴһĿ˻ȥ
Ȼǰ׼ʱȷչĺѸ٣ȴ֣Һҵ֧Ƿֲģ˵û壬;ûа׼ңǰ׼ǲֻҪ֣Һһ£ȫұؽ֮أ
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Ļ֣µͣ˼ȶ֣Ц۵ļһﾹȻֶ㣬ֶͼλֶŮ񼫣ֶ㿴ҺıϲҪһʶ
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Ҳ֮Ц֮ǰǲֶ֪ںδûиǵˣȻǾֶֶŮǶ£
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˵Цˣǽȥ˵ɣּѾˣ裡мѧԺλҲˣ
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룡
ʱ˿̣ԪͰƺİˣ֣ûǣֻкǳȥǶԸӿľսѣ
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ԼɵҪ˹ԴȻǰӡ
ԼĺʱֻԼ絽˼㣬漴ǰһڣֱӻ˹ȥԪ״æȥƤڼ棬˿ΧڰһȴǲԼͬһЦ
֣кǳȥȴ¶ԥͣһȰԪŰŵԪҸô˵Ҹ㣬ôɣȻ˵Һֲ֣飬׼һٲ
˵꣬ҲûȥܰԪޱȻ谵飬첽׷ǰǣ
⡭
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Ԫһۻιȥİ棬һ٣ɿŰͷԴȴ²֡
ףյȥ׼Ҳ޷ָ֣ң֮ǰôĹϵˣһãǾǰ׼ĩգ
Ǹ˵˭ԪѾȥ룬ԺȫǸôȥԭ£

λλǿ˭ˣ
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ּ־óϣ𣬶żҶŴϣ֡
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׼Ҽ׶Լϥ´ӿŮɷׯׯɣŮ׷ɷڤ׼ׯׯ׿
˵˼ѾȫԴݳǵеƫϵȻ˵ǿĻҪˣΪݵ֮Ȼӵ룬ȴôϵ
˵Щ֮⣬Ĵܹϵ̨һЩе߼ҵܴﲻӵ
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ͨ
ŽİԪһĻȴǽżûֱˤڵأȴΪ𾪣ñŻȥİ׹ء
ֻǿǸһۣ㲻ٹע
ˣˣ
ԪŤͷּ̲ߵԼӵԸôܲ²Եɣ
̲С㣬ּλС㣬˼ҵĸα
УһҪ취ģҵҲϧ
Ԫ޲ðԼŪȥ¯죬ϧǲܵġ
ܿ죬ԪŰƵ뿪ˣøϽȥ취ȻȻ¾ǰ׼ҵĩˡ
ҲֻһЩЦƽʱһǰ棬׼֣Ҵϲӣ¿ǵϣҲ̫׷ȻҲҪԪӵܹЩʲôˡ
ʲôʱģôû˵ȥ̲󿴿ң
ֶǵȥʲôطôһϢûаѧԺǱ߶
ͺˣλǲǾͲˣУʱ䰡ȥǱүҲ飬Σ
Χٵ˶׷׳һԵô˷ܡ
ǻٶйΪŮҵıּ̲ҳǣǶʾ˼ȤϾɲʲô˶ȥ˵ģ
ȥ˻ֱܻͲѰģ
磬ʶ𣿡
ͬϣϵүӣȴǷɿĽ籧ߣһ۰ֱ֣簮˼㣬¾ǶԴԼŮûô谮ɣ
֮󣬾Ѿ˹עĽ㣬飬ԼŮǸԽһЩļ򵥾Ŀɿڴ
Ҫ֪Ԫʵ֮˶ڳͣȫѾ߳˻Ԫ½֪٣
ܹˮֱǴ˴Ҽ𾪡
飬ô˵Ҳö˵ҲûǿɻˣȻȥ֮һҪúõĶ졮ʡһȻɶԲĳν
ʲô壬֣塭
˺һڴнѳæ֣ܵǰʵǲ˵ЩСҲ˰ɣʲôطȥ˵˵
ܿ죬ڵõλĻش㼱Ҵҵ뿪ˣӱһģ˿ĹЦ


925 ֵۣټƣ
ԺУڻԣȴҪӵּ֡
ڱϾǸĴ໥һЩϵȴҲܴﵽ޻̸ĵزԺȴŶڶѧԺѧԱۣһֱͬȽ̵У໥ֵܽãиͬڲ漰ЩʱȴԷֵཻܣ飡
ԺʱȴܹʮеĴɤţԼòֵܽǸ̸ֽչֳ˼ΪõЦݡ
֨ѽ
Ŷ룬˵ᣬȴ˲˵Ŀⶼˢˢĳ˹ȥ
磿
ɣۻôˣ
찡Ҳΰɣʲô
㲻˵ʹͲˣ
㿴ңģȻȫ˲Լͬĳ죬ͬ˿ʳƵķ
Ҫʲô
תͷܿĳ嶯ûж˱̧һ½һµ׵У·ޱ˷ܵȻ诵Ů˶׷׷Ƶ˷ܽš
ܸжֺε˷Уܹоǿҵܰ
ȻȻһΣĵȻ
·һν׵߿պǻЦͬʱȥڴ⧲ˤڵصӡ
ȻȴǶʧˡ
׼һ˲ĹתëƮƮƮڵأ˵ˤǱˣһҳûմ
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ڵ·ĵطЦųȥ
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֣ڨЦһⲻǼ̫˷𣿺ٺ١дǲһʶİɣ
˵أ
ǻһĨаЦ˶ʱŤͷҪܣȴǱһסҲ޷ѡ
һץ㱻ץץǰ
Сӣ಻ҷƤˣ԰ɣ
ааһЦҡͷЦţ磬ҴˣĴˣҴݣʯã㡭ͷŹСҰɣ
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аЦĿ⳯ΧȥĵǼܳͷĻ͸ҹһһ٣ٺ١Ҫҷ˭ûǾͱˣ
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ĻٿΧֵܽһĻЦͬǿƵֻϧȴûܹȵ
СӣԸģǣ
԰԰˭ԼҴأ͹ԹԵĳܰɣ
ģСӣǻģ
˿ٵĽΧм䣬һһȭߣ캰ء
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ҵ۾ҵıӡ̫ˣ
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ȥʮӣɢ˿̵ĲӣǱñףϾûһõĵطֶзִ磬ȫˣʲôʵԵ˺
ɴ濴ȥһҲʵ̫һЩ
磬㡭̫ˣ
˵Żһͷίߵߡ
Զ㣡
졮񡯵һѽƿȴĿܿ쳯ȻȥаЦСȻ诰δԽԽƯˣұ
챾ǿЦģƫƫȻ֮󣬻˵ĻУһٶʱΧ˿Ŀѣһİѣɫǣ

ҲŮľٶŪһȴܿӵһ¡
读ã䱾ǾβѩֻϢԪ䣬ɱ˶ѣȻıȴβ׺ʵȻҲԽǿңһ뻳ûֱӳԣҲֲ̫ˣ
ۡ
ŮľٶΧǷ׷״ղűͷҲˡ
۸ƨ
ɿŮûĳΧȥЩһȴȫûһԾӵĳŮüŪۡ
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˫΢УһĶܿȥڶߵʾ£ܿ챻Ȼһȥˡ
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ǲģܿһۣԥĳȥٶѾԼʵȫ
ܣ
ааһЦ˲ó˲ƣֻҺһͬڵһֱɳ죬˿ûһ㷴֮
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죬һ׹ڵϣʱúԺһƬ𵴣Һѡ
⡭
ˣɣһ壬ƽ׷磬ƽܵ𾪵˫ۣȴҪŬۣͷһ۾ȴֳֻܳһϸ죬ǱһֺЦ
ǲϹӣһʵٵ˵ԪҲ֮ܿǰ޴ĲͬһԺиһִ󵨵Ĳ²⣺ʥ
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ֲ²һԺһĶǼѵʿˮ
ôܣⲻܰɣ
Ӵ磬ôôذ㿴ҶˤʲôˣɥһƨɣһվܾͬίСϱƵġ

ûһȥܿҲǺͶһȻ˵ɫл޷ε𾪡
磬㵽ʲôʵ
찡òѾʥ˰ɣ
֪Ҳúһȥģ
৵ģ˷׷׿ٵĽӵм䣬ĽڣԼߺ˺üǧֻѼڲϽţͷߣûסֱӸһһȭ
Ӵǣĺְ
ʱԺٴα˿һɫȹŮӻ룬ɨֱϣ죬ү㲻᲻ǵ˰ɣ
ǳҶСƣƴʱ˵ԹһԭֵĻ˶˲䰲ЩһһǻЦĴͳƣƺ֮ʲôϵһ㡣
ôûѵĲʶˣ
ߵߣЦ˵ţһ˫ƺ֮֮ǰ˲١
֪ħʦʵԽԽǿ£Ϊħʦ˺ҪǿľҲ̶ȵı˫ϣϾ۾Ĵ
ǺǡС˵Цˣ
ЦЦôأСӣӦħʦ˰ɣǿϲɺذ
磬ɾ˵ˣ
ʱ˹ٺЦƽ߼ħʦأּҺöƽӡħƵģ
ĻҲ׷ЦųǣƺԸҲǫ˲٣Ŀ࿴
ҲɻЩһĺͳƿȥôϤˣ


926 ֮еĶս
ƵĵҲֻ˵һ
òϣƵȷҶСݸܹΪ˵ˣȴûʲô̫ĸоҲȻʲô̫ı֡
һ˵һ֣˵Ļʽʼˡ
̫ݻȴĹǰ
֮ǰ˵Щ֮⣬ҼԵòûмλ֮Ƿ׷׾̾ѡ
ݳǵĴСС֣Һ׬˼ӡ
ѧԺλүӺͼλϤĵʦմﵽߵ㣬ϾڲĲ˵ѧԺҪڳ֮ϣҶԲԸȥκһѧԺѧԱ
˭֪һѧԱǾ൱ǵѧԺ
ѧԺŽᣬԪ½˲֪˲ģ
֮ǰſڼһĻǣǶݲ˼ĺ棬Ͼڵܹʶаٵ˶࣬ʱٳ֣ʶ˾͸ˡ
Ȼаν֪˲ֻûܹаٺ뵽һˡ
еú˳ûκβ
ҲǸ֣ҺҺܴӣصڶʽеһ󣬽յʽʼˡ
Ϊ˱ʾԼѧԺ˵ӣ֣˵У⽫ǰԱߵһ»԰УΪѧԺƸʦȻ㸺𣬵ȴҲȻ
飬ѺŮټѾͷҲߣȻʱĴһȴûжٳԶ˼һע۽ϣ˭Ѿͷʵ̫ɰأ
Ů򲻶ϵΪѾͷŸֲȣͬʱʹһѡԵĽڵһУȻǺܼ򵥵һЩԾ˾֣̾ʱʱķľ
죬ܸɴıѧԺһߡʡȥˡ
Сӣ㻹û˼һΪСǱأֱŤһĶ䣬Ц
ǣ
ԺҲ˵Сʵǿˣǳ˳һﻹܹܵЩϲļһﰡ
ң
ѦȴһȴεĹġ
ѦУĺûʲô
ѦһδȢҲֻһͽܶѣһҲֻȥע⡣
ҴˣλүӣĴˣ
߾˫֣ŬװЦʵǱ̫æˣλҪΪģ
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⻰ϵ˼ɵҵˣ
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ƲƲ죬漴ϵĿУȴǼæﲻϲ֣ԾûйǱסأȲμ֣κСĻҲûȥ
ҾСһΣ
϶һۣҲûٶ˵ʲôרĵϵľƲչ˼ս
ʱһλѧԺʦȴڸӵĲɻ
ǶֻŹȴδˣûǣһĿжѧԺϣȻܹ˺ͬһ˰˵ЦҲǶӵ˼֡
ѧԺϡѵ֮ǱһʾãյԵΪ
ţ
Ȼ䣬һƺȴɫһɫúǹ졣
Сӣʲôˣϵһʱע⵽ı仯ʵ
ûʲô
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ţ
ĻϾЩü
ȻǾԵʱʱһ٣ɶĹȴԶԶˡѵĻɫҲӦûоϲǰɣ
Ǻǡİɣλүӣ
Ц˵ûµģҵȻȥҪʲô
ԼСһ㣡
ţ
ϵĹΪжҲܿ˦˦ͷûȥ룬һڳںȾƣ֡

ҹĲ⣬ʵĳһ߾ΧĿռΪһƵģԳơ
һ˿⣬ߵߣɻϣСʲô
û֮ǰϸ촫ˮߵϡ
Ļתһ˫ϹܹһƵϣԵ٣㲻𣿡
Ӧòɣ
ЦŵҺˮϵˮǲԸҵģ
ȷСϵܺãЩʱ඼ڻɣСǲѾ㷼İˣ
ƽĵС㵱Ȼ㶯֣ȴ˵һ㣡
Ŷ
ԣüëһЦ֪С˵һ㣿
ΪҪ㶯֣
䣬ϱȻ֣ǿ˲£һȭܿռĲڵһ㳯ߵ˹ȥ
ϣҪʲô
״μٷˣһȭӭɭ亮磬ȴɫ˲䣡ܹоϵһȭȻ̺ȫҪһ㡣
ҪԣУ
ȴǸûлشһȺһȭֱӺ
һȭȴǽ֮ղͨһЩͬһӵƵģ˵û֮ǰһȭˣȥȴûһԡ
ͬѼˣʾȵһȭˡ
Ȼȴ˲ɫһ࣬ϣԵ޹ʶҳ֣ݹСҲˣ
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˵䣬ͨһȭȻ٣һԽ֮ľ룬ӺȻϮȥ
ģ
оȭͷв룬ٴɫ䣬ʱҪĵֿѾˡ
һԪͬĿѰһȭֱӻӳ
䣡
䣡
ȭͷмײһ˵εԳ󷽵ɶűǽս㸽ĲƺȻһƬؼҲһϸСĿռѷ첻ӡ
Һܱûˣ򻹲֪𵴣
ȻѾʥ򣡡
ǻǵϹУڵλãеУСӣ׼ɣ
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ҲȻĹ˻ӦһƷӿΧ̳һɫǸޱǿҵķϢ
СӹȻ򵥣ǰǿ㣡
ϵ˵пɲǰ棬ɣ
£ϱ˫ּǿĿֲ籩˲ƽΧȫƵģоһǰδеѹڶľʥصĶľͼ֮ʶûΣ
ɴ˿ĵǰʵѾʥأ


927 ϵ𺳣
ֹȻзռЧ
ʵ̫ǿˣǿҲһϯ֮أ
ΪʲôҪ˶֣ѵ˵ҪɱҲɣ
˫΢УôоΣȴҲû˿˼
䣬ٴγ
һ˸Ĺâ
һȫɫŨϢǺ
һ֣ͽ໥ƣıм䣬ǿǳ𣬴Ҫǰƴһơ
ΧֲԽңһֲǿѹԼĸоܹԼȫĦʹֱܣ
УҾԲ
Ȼһҧ˫ֳǰһӳ
𼼡ս죡
죡
ҫŭ
ʱĽȣ׳ľʱХצƼ㳯ǰȥ
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ȴǲϲһȺȴкγһɭĽâÿһâͬʵһ㣬˸ޱȱɱֲܿͬǧƵĳӭȥ
ŴŴš
䡭
ء
ըѿܵһжһ̺ƻ촷һ㣬ռ䶼һѷ죬һͷͷҰŴ죬Ҫǰеһȫɣ
µĵ棬ǳѵĺۼԿʮص׵Σ
νֲ
ãܺã
ȴǺȻЦСȻףʵĹ൱һʥ֮ȫһˣܲ
佱
ϵĻȴ΢΢һûɣ
ϸղŲǻҪɱԼôôȻɿ佱ˣ
ǸоɻϵĻ˻֣ΧЩҵһмٻָƽʱŻԵСӣܺã಻òӵʵҲðĶҲĵǸɣ
˵䣬кȻһָɵǰ
ָûģ׵ı㿴һУȻ쿴һɲǣȴ˲ôɫ
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930 ػˮɽ
μ֣κĻʱ䣬Ůȥΰݷһ²Ĵĸˣ綫ĶżҺּңϳķңĿ׼ҵȵȣȥһ˳ң˳Ҽ⣬Լүһ桭
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ǣǰݷȥļ׼ȥʱ򣬳ƾȻҲǵҪһ˵Ҫȥݷĸ׶ľء
˵ʲôƾǳ˳ƵģټСͽİæ˵޿κεĵͷͬ⣬ڳƵʾУŮ֮ĹϵǱø࡭
ʵȥ֮ǰǵĹϵͻ㲻ֻǸûЩ裬ټһһĽţŮΪ֮Դף
򣬶ľ֮ǰԲϲ־ܾ˺ͬУ⼸ʱУľرһֱУסķҲǶʮǰ֮סǸ˳Է֮⣬Ͼû߳벽
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ҲǱֵļΪɣһһĸĽţԵúǣʮӵʱ䣬ǾͺĳĸŮƵģľضԳƵĳƺҲӡС㡯ĳˡƶ
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ĪˮǰЦҲϹٺ˵һֱܺõģ£ҲûǶʲôģܹͽܣҲǵĸأ
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932 ֣֡Ѫ󷨡
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һ죬ƺ˵һֿĵˣСһ˷ܲѣڰʱֳԹƵķ˺óƽ뵽˾ռڣûƵĳƣֻܼһҲİҲõĻ̫衣

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û˵꣬ϱִ̻ϵСӣȷˣˣʵǸҲɵģ

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ף˵ڵĵǣˣˡѪ󷨡˵ĻǾ鷳ˣϾ˭Ҳ֪Ѫ󷨡ĵжˣ԰ȥԪҪϸԲܷһ£ǹϵǼѧԺѧԱ
İɣүӣ֪ˣ
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ȻаٵݣЩȻѵ㣡
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˳ϵĻϺѦϵЦ⣬ʱͷߣԼϼһˣһƵô׼ֲ˼˵ϺϺ꣬ԭ˼
ˣСӣɣ
ϰ˰֣˵ѾĿȥú׼׼
Уˣ
Ҳ㳯ȥ֮ʱΪϲϼһһۣȴ˿Ϊ⣬һЦĺϺ࣬ƵҪѪ


933 𾪵Լңѣ
ԪԼңԪ֮һмڶϲµλá
һԪңʵ˵Ҳ֮˶ΪˣҪΪԪԪİʥߣȻԪһԼң϶ǵʥǿߣֻǲ֪ˡ
ԣԪԼңĹ˼ңûаϡ
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ЩԼ⣬죬飬ԼټϳƺһҪ˶ˡ
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ҹ԰үӱһʢĻӭᣬԿ˵ȫ˾ƵĶ󣬲ԿԼĴ棬ԾԼԷﶼ׷ײϵĹ죬Ҳ߲ܣ֪˶٣ʱѾģֻŮŲվȡ
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Ҫ֪ʥڻԪ½ͼ˵߰Ĵڣ

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һԻﲻΧΧ֮˷׷ü˶ԴһŮӵȷǲףƫƫǸж껵˺⣬ŶѱڵϲϷ껵Ϸ¶һĨ̵Цݡ
磬ҪҵǸѰɣ
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뷨ɵöһİۡ
Цһ£ҡҡͷζȻԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾǸү껵ǰһ·Уֱס˶껵ĲӣһѴӵΧ˶ʱһƬȻ
û֪ôֵģͺһգۣ
ʲôˣſҼү
ЩǼæΧһɫƵ˵
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⻰ʱüͷһ壬ʲô˼ѵ㻹򣬱𣿡
ǵģΪĸ׻ϣҧҺ޲ðƤҲܲΪĸ׿ǰ
ô˵ȻٻؼңҲΪʵ
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Ǻǡң
ЦЦҽ죬˵𣿡
죿ʦ
ԶʱϲͨһڵأʦȾˣ


934 裬Ѹϣ
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ܿ죬Ŷ껵ݣ˲˿˿ͬ顣
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ƾһ̧Ƕѱ㱻һǸϽȥŶѣãİɣһĸף㱨ģ
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쵭˵һ漴еǸһڵϣʱĶѾﱻ⣬˿ûκԪʹãӿУ׹ص˲ڹһѣȻѾǱȥ˺ü߹ǣʹǼһ졭
Ǽʲôүɱǣ
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û춯֣ƱһֱϮֻ۸Ů˵ˣЩ˶
һޣ뺣Χձ֮ñӰ䴦һӰ˦Ŀ޵ЩϷɿĳһѪۣصĸɼǡ
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ÿһ޶ϼֱʹΪʵĲ࣬Ҫǲܵģʮڲʱ㱻Ʊ׵ĲҺ˵ɱˣԱڴʱԵѡ
һĻΧΧ߿ĿɿڴǣŵСѾͷǲƽкã޲óȥġ衯սƵģƵĳֻ飬ЩʱʲôΣա
ѿĽŷȭ촽ҧ˵˫˸ŸĿ⣬ֻǶ˵⻹ԶԶ˵ǽ껴ӰƤҲ޷ͷ֮ޡ
ƽ㣬úã
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ѣҪҲȥֽţʵ
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˵ĶѴʱѾŮİ»ָ˲٣̱㳯ǰȥȻҲǽ󣬶оǶ껵˺Ŀ֮ʱȴֺԵùԹԵĸţҪܣ
̺żΪɱһ˫âö껺ĹѣƺзȫȻκĽ
һĻٴΧĿࡣ
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ûûղŶѽǸΪʦѵʲôѧԺĵʦ
ˣ˵ѿ˼ѧԺģѵ˵Щ˶ǼѧԺģ
ֿܣڲǱߣ˵ǼѧԺֻܻ̣ҪѧԺѧԱǾ˸۸ģǸĵùˣ
ǵӰԶ˵Ҳ׷ӿò˶ã﷢һбдѧԺҲ˴ø㣬֪㲻ΪѧԺأ

У˴һʱȴһСӱϣ
ݶѵĽܣСǽЩŪģ׼ȷ˵Ƕμҵ˽˵طΧܶˣҲ˶Ե֡
ڶμҵĹϵÿἰҧгݡ
ĸһڶμҺͨŮûһ㸴ӹϵԴӶѳãΪƽμңѵԴӳ˵˶μҡ
С󣬶ڶμĸ˵ܾ˶μµ۸Ϊ˱ѣ֪ܵ˶ٵĥ
ΪμүĶ껣ȴǿ˶ѣΪǰеĻóѾ˼ѣҲԪݲȥ˲ݣѧԺѧԱͨ˼ѧԺĿ˳ɹ롭
Ͳò˵һ䣬ѵʵܺãڼѧԺʱѾɹͻ죬ڡȴΪ˼ĸףѧԺ٣ϧȴû뵽͵͵ĸ׽ߵ˷ַ֣֮ǰײһĻ
ڣڶμ˵㲻ʲô
˵μҿ϶ȲԪңԼҵȼ壬ȴҲźüԪʵϵҲϰ٣ƾôһڵˣôڱֺĸȳأ
֪ѧԺǻ̵ĹأҲѧԱв껣ɶȴһףи϶ԶѣԼѧԺ裬İȫвѣ˵ǶĸԸΪŮˣǱĸ
Ҫ֪ڶμҶ껿ΨһүҪôѰŮʲôٶǼֱ׾٣
ĸŮͬ飬ҧ˾͸ֱɱˣ磬һҪΪú̱𣡡
Щģ
Ƹֱӣת㳯һţʱҺһ
İɣ
쵭˵ѧԺ˲裡ѵĳҲȻǼѧԺĳһμң˱ǣ
˱ǣ
ʱ쾡԰ھ֮к־°İ껺ЩǷ׷ɫ䣡
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ѸмỨӯЩʡ
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943 ֻŵĶѪħǿߣ
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944 Ծ֮
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945 Ѫܣ񽣣
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һ𾪣ڿȷʵʥ֮ǰԼţڱ˼Σɱûط˵ȥ
ϾʥǿߵϣԪ½ǾԲðģ
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İɣǺܿͻϹˣϾǱߣеԶ˲ҲúüΣԪİص
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ڻԪ½ϵࡢɣеңʵնѩƼ֮սܵģûѩƣҪʤǵѶȱؽһ


947 ۣļ
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껻⸽㲻ȴûʸκһʥߣ˵Ԫ½ϣҲֻ֪İ˴ʥߣʱȴǶٶЩֻʱѾ⣬Ҳûκʲô̫ı֡
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µȻ䣬ȻһķǷɫķףϧĿУЩ׺һ㣬ٳΧڶѪʬȥռ䶼˲٣ֲ¶Գܡ


949 Ⱥս䣡
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959 ĳŵ˾
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ˮų춪һֲۣ㣬ҲȥЩΥԸ飡

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961 ٺؼңŰɱ
ˮȷܼ򵥣Ҫһȥ򣬲ҾֻһˣʥʵϷҪίʵܲ⡣룬컹ǺܿӦ
ϾͳҲҪȥǱߵģٴһ˳·ѣֻЩĵǿռ䴫ܷһδôˣ÷ֿͲˣҵǿռ䴫Ҫ̫ģͷôʥǿڣοռ䴫Ҳʲô⡣
Ӧˮ˾˵һȥ

ȻͿ񽣸մӲݳǻصѧԺʱ򣬻ûüϢһɫܹϡ
ϣثhǱ̲ıС㣬ı㡣һϽŮˡ
ôˣʲô£첻⡣
ͬһ˱̲Ҳϣʱƺκ鷢ġ
磬ȥһ˺ؼҰɣ˵
ȥؼң
ԣ΢΢üû˵ʲôϱ㼱˵÷ȥȾȴ󲮺ͺؼңˣ
ϣ𼱣ôˣæ
ҲǺֻǺذشŸȣΪȥ˲ǱߣϽģ
ڱ˵ӣؼΣˣǻǸϽȥһ˰ɣϾذҲǱĳȻûʲôѪԵϵûкذصĻҲܻͱϵģ
Ѻû˵ʲôϾǺǳʶã໥Ҳ̫˽⣬ôļٵģȴҲͬ顣
Լ˵ʵӵеԪ½ûʲô˸ǡ
ߣ²ǻ˸ĵô

żϺ飬飬ѽ㣬Ȼȥʰһ£ȥͻ޹Ǳߣٴϣҵʵ޷ô˲ƣԻȥһˮɽͷӳ֣
ãô죡
ɵİţ鵱ͷӦϸϲͣ˵лл

ݺؼׯԴׯȥذسΪׯ֮һϾɵĹȫȥںذ־֮˵£ؼׯûܵ٣ΪΪŦԵʣҽΪͬ˺󣬺ؼׯķչϲˡ
Ȼʱ䷢չĺؼңԼǿңȴһ֮ǰˣɳȥ״ǧٹ֣Ѱټ
ؼҼذأҼԶ֮󣬾֮½ݷ׶죬ҲҪּù鰸
ȻڰµѰУɳȥûв鵽κҲܵ˺йģĸ͵Ϯɵ̲ʣµ˾Ȼֵģ֪
֮󣬺ذԶͬʱӵһλ˵Ĵڹ齵ض弦Ȯ
λû̫ķϣϾԺؼӵеΪôһͻأĪĴ齵Ϊǰʱ֮˵ĲҲǾһЩ
ڹ齵Ǹǲܵģ
֮賿ʱ֣һѪɱʼˡ
ĺ˲֪ʲôطðвٺؼҺͷյģҺʵ˶׷׷ˮһҹ֮֮
ۿҪʱһˣ˵Ǹʱٿǣ˻ͬ齵Ļ֮ڣһشʾԲ顣
һΣվûй齵˼ҽ˼һҲɽΧγһһޱȼʵķһذԶͲˣЩ˻ܹϴɡ
û뵽鷢ˣ˾ȻȻֵɱֻ֣Ƭ֮Һ죬һСʱʱ֮࣬ǳֱҲ̶á
գذԶʣµɽĳɽ뵱УɽѰһѹɽʱأͬʱͨϵϵȣȻذصһʱ뵽Ȼˡ
ȥ飬ذǲ֪ģʱˣذôԮǶòκλӦ
ؼׯȻȥȻ״ȴֺƱǿɨƵģÿһ涼˵ׯڵĸˣνһƬǽ壬ᵽĲѪϢüͷʱ
СӣҾǵԼ㶨鷳ң
ͷϹԶ˵һ˲˲ʧ
ҲǿЦãȴֱӳׯڣϵؽźذԼؼׯˣȴʼ޷õκλӦؼׯʱԵͬһ
ᣬΪż䡣
ϴʱ˫۷죬ǱȻպأؼׯʼնĵطϿ϶Ųĥĸ顣
㣬ѹˣ
ǰ˵ؼӦûӦöǰȫģ
ǰ
Ҳ֮ȵңܲҵʲôõ˵ɣ
ҶСһЩ磬ְܣ˵
ܿ죬˱ɢֱǣ磬ΨѾͷʲô⡣
ʮӺؼׯһһ飬ûһ˴ڣһƬĲƲûؼׯģ
ǵȥĶˣ
üͷۿˮԵøΪ
ӦǺϢٿԿ϶ǻţ
컺˵Ȼɲǣ˵Ŀ׷׳ԶĺؼׯȥΪǱǸоʮ˵Ϣٶ
ˣȶſ
һ£̷ɢȥʱʮ˿첽ɽׯһΪ֮ٸңٰ﷭飬ҲһҪѶҵȥ֮ŭһˣ
ǣ
ʮ̹ӦŵȻ׼ɢѰҵʱǻ˳ɲԸңʲô
˭
Ƕʱ˫ĿһݣΪ֮˸ɫƣֻڽǣҲֻı仯зǵɫת䡣
ңʲôУؼҵĶ
ɱ
Ϊ֮˺һӣʮ˱˵ķֱǳȥ
ѵصӣȻѾһϾǴŨɱ켸һɲǼȷЩ˵ȷؼׯйء
ͷ£ȫɱˣ
ųԼĺˣһЦ͵ıһץһŵԪʵĺ˱У΢˲䣬˱Ǳֱ˾ǣ޷֮ıֱɱ
ʱ֮ԵҲ׷׳֣ͻɽһ㣬ʮֻڲʱֻ̱ǸԪǰʵΪ׺ˡ
㣬ǵʲôˣΪ֮˱ⲻʱڵľŵû겻壬Щ
㲻ù˭
ǣ磬ǰĵشҵ⣬ȻĽһ


962 ټذأһ
ƽĻƺԽƽһЩղЩӶȶ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôص
ôأ
꣡
Цһ͵һŷߣ˾ȵǺ˾Ȼûеɶԭվȵģֻ߹Ѿ߶һǿҵʹú˻ȴûʹ
쵹Ҳòϣ˵ȷͷӲ
ҡ֪
ҡͷһ˫죬΢΢һЩɫͬһͷҰƵġ
ôܺã
ЦЦȻ˫һУͬʵʰľâֱӶ˺˵˫磬һҺ˫Ĵ˿ڴѪӿȫֹ
ڻң㲻֪ô
˴˿̾˵ˣΪ̫ʹԵʣͷ亹ٴβ
һðһɹͷ
аЦ͵ɿСѾͷ漴ָϼǺ˸޷Χռ䶼Ƶģֻվﵱӣĥ
ৡ
壬һѪϸ֣ӵʱ䣬˱ѪˣʮʮѪľУ˵ĸйʹҲ֮ҵ˻𣬿ȴƫƫЩ˺޷
ĥֶΣǶü΢壬ȴҲûж˵ʲô
Ҿ㣬ٲ˵Ļҿɾͼˣ
·ûмǲģĵҲɱģʱ䣡
㡭ħ
̧˫ʹ಻ѵļѳǿ־塣
ǺǡҲϲƺҾһͷ
ЦڣͬʱһԪʱǺһҺ丹ʱһѪֱӽ䵤ƣú˵ĽӲңԶղ
ϻǱģ
˵ƴӺðһһֵĳ֣弱ٳ鴤Ƭ̼㲻ٶ¶ȻʧȥȻԾˡ
Цѵǰ̽һȷεҡҡͷ
ʱҲ׷״˹ʮ˵ʬ壬ǶЩ֪ôˡϾǻ֪ʱĺذص˵ںδ
ְ֣ʲôѽ
ģΪ׵ĺʬһ׼ȷ˵һֽ
ҿ
ùȥ˿ƶĵɽĵͼɽЩɽ
ɽĵͼ
һȴ۾һ˵֪Ķˣ
ͬʱģ顣
ƺϬһ㣬һЦ󣬻ذص˿϶ɽУЩӦˣɽ˽⣬ΪԷ·ԲŪݵͼǵͦģ
ԣԣˣ϶ɽ·ģôһˣɽѵķأͷ
߰ɣյͼʾӦÿҵ˵ģ
ߣ
ܿ죬˱뿪˺ؼׯЩ˵ʬڷţ㳯źؼׯɽȥ

󲮡
յͼʾǺ˳ҵ˺ذصزĵطڼذصĵһۣϱ˹ȥ
ȻźذΪ󲮣УذѾûʲô
ʱźؼׯһ˫˫Ϥף档
Ҷû뵽ǺذصȺؼׯ֮ˣԷԶΪ׵ڶ֮Ҳڣҿǵһܵزһơ
ǵĵǸؼҵ˳һŶ裬ȻڿֻвʮʱȴһЩġ
ذͨȣʵҪǿ캣аٵݣ˹ؼׯʱչֳʵúذʼռ£ڵˣƺ𲻵ʲôðɣ
ȻذҲ֪ȥ򣬲ʥʵ飬Ҳϲô롣
ӵһ£ýʣΪϲõϵỨذ˵٣лǸæ˵ʵ̫ˣ㻹ǴūhŶӦ˵Сˣ㻹ǸϽС뿪ɣǧС£
󲮣˵ʲôأ
û쿪ڣȴֱӵ󲮣ȻڽϣɻīhȻؼûʲôѪԵϵҵһҪôأ
ɵӣ㻹ᰡдѵӺûˣؼѣҲҵĴԣһҪͺؼҹ
ذ˵ţȴǻֹҪ˵ϣh󲮣ͿߣߵԶԶģҪҲҪŸұЩˣǲˣħ
ҵҪʶʶʲôħ
ӿڵذأİɣĺؼҲ˶ģ
٣Ҳ뿪ɣҪʲô飬Һذظǰãذ˵
֮ܶһ仰ذôҲƾⲻʮܹ˳ǺؼԼҾȳȥɱЩͬħһĺ˾Ǹˡ
ЩżĺذصĻɻĲ
Ȼû˵ʲôȴЦЦתʵذأ֪ЩʲôˣΪʲôҪշǺؼңУʱȥ˺ؼׯׯڲĵ׶죡Ӧĳ
٣ʵΪֹҺͷһͷˮ
ʻذ߷ԶһۣЦذεصԼ֪⵽Ϊʲô֪Һؼׯ˵ˣǱֻܵȥ
ĺˣ
Ħ°˳˼׻˵úã۾ĴٿԿ϶ذزδ˵ѣǷԶ˶Իȴ˫ۿٵһ¡
ȻٶȺܿ죬Ȼ˶ûע⣬ȴķһ㣬춸ȻһĪǷԶйأ
Ҳ԰ҵҲԶ֪йصĻô÷ҵҲȥأ
ѵֻһ۷Ϊ˲ȡذصΣ
⵽ô£ֻеȼЩˣץʲŻˣϣ֮ǰһԾɣ
뵽첻̾һȴʵˣ壬廹зַȻڿɺã
СȻСǶãֻԶȴ
ἰԶУԶսȭͷɫǷŭ
״ذؽӿڵ٣֪ԶѾ⣡Ϊ˸ǴĻʱ䣬Զִ˵Ѿǡ
ڰ
ԺиֳԶǺÿ͵ӣɵҲһ̾δ˵Ҳδ̫һЩ
лֶģû£
ԶףܵҺЩ˲죡ǲܱѩޣζԵԵǷȥôˣ
ʱķԶɱ⾡ţӳޱȱϢΧ¶ȶ½˲١


963 ȸ񽫣棡
գǻûذ˵뿪ʱϸȥʣµĺؼׯ֮ˣЩˣȻһʱһսĻܹĽʮһˡ
ǱߣҲȥһ£ϾͷҲԨԴֻΪղע⵽Զ仯ԶȴǸӵĹע֣ԶûٴαֳʲôҲ˵ǺջΨһܹȷϵľֻһ㣬ԶЩ˵ͬ
ַĵķŭǾԲƭ˵ģ
תۣչȥ
ҹʱ֣ĺ˾ֱӽڵĵطΧ˷ǣ¾񶼲ܷɳȥʥʵֱӴ˲뿪
˾ۼԽԽ࣬ȥǧˣǺؼʣ֮˼ܺ͵֮ˣһȫԺڽ棬Ȼѡ
ǰĺǣǼ˵ɫȻ

ɲǼ䣬ǰĺÿһ·漴üӰ
Ϊ֮ԼĪʮ꣬Ϊᣬûκڣڴ˽棬Ȼڱ֮˵ϵĺɫ·ȴŽߣϸһֻɫȸԵЩ⡣
ؼǺð
Ϊ֮ںذԶӹЦҲ˲ٵĽˣҽһ£ҽȸǿԽȸ񽫴ˣ
ȸ񽫣
˴˵Ļ˽һĲ⡣
ֺİǴδҲˡذԶȴɫһ䣬ܹȸ񽫾֮ǰǴǸˡ
ҲʲôˣҲ㵽ʲôҪǺؼҳ㣬Ǿǳ˵ΣذɱôˣѵһĵزеӾ͹Һؼׯûһث֣
˵öԣ
ԶҲ֮ҷҲˣҶܵĳһȡҪʹ򣬱ϻ
ꡭһ㣬ô꣡
λɱ⣬ȸȴǽʳָڴһżǵ뷨֪ǲпʵǵҲֻ˵Լʵãˣ
ǻҪףҲûʲô˵ģ
ȸʼ磬ЦǾ԰ɣʵҲܾûмѪɺӵĳˣؼҪ־͹ǵ汲ɣǵµЩ󱲾ҪڵĹ
ʲô˼
ȸ񽫵Ļ˶ʮֲ⡣
ھȻǣ˺ؼҵȱⲻڳ
ҪΪڿЦ
ȸ΢Цż˵Щǲֻ֪Ҫ֪㹻ˣԣǾͰĵȥɣ
£ȸ񽫵ĴһУĸ˱̷ֳĸͬķ򣬴Χĺչ˸ԵĹ
ؼ֮ǺƴˣҲҪúңذش
зҵţǷҵվ죬ҷԶһҪǴһҳ尡ԶҲǴţ졣
ɱ
кذԶԴӣ˶ǿҵģ¾ҲҪһ汳ɱһɱ׬һ
ʱûжֵĳ˶ȸ֮⣬ҲֻŮټˣ񽣺϶Ȼ˻սȺ
Ϻŭ֣Ȼʵǿƴģȴ˲С
ڿ񽣣ȴǵõĴԸһʵԲ̫¶ԿǱ߷Ҳѣûתġ
磬㲻ôü
ҲˣԶлıϣͲò鵣ˡ
Ȼǣ
ЦЦİɣڣǲµģڹ۲죡
۲죿
һӦʼվãȸ񽫵Ϣʶʲôطܹһ۲۲죬ܻܲ
ô˵Ҳָоüͷɵû˰򣬲ûһӡģ
˵ʲôأ
ڱȴǺɵôһоûУ㣬أ
ҲûУҲ֮ҡͷ
ȷЩְ
ϽúԼĸоȫȻͬĵ׶ȸԽȸ֮ǰԼɨĿ⣬켸Զ϶˵ļԼԼȴƫƫӡ
ʱЩսѾԽңǺǱߣǺؼҷߣкü˵ע£һؼ֮Ѿ³̴࣬ɾȻƾһҧס˶˵ĲӣͬʱأνǲҲѡ
һĻǿʼҲǽ
źЩ˶ͬһ¾ҲҪһ˵汳
ΪԼļ壬ƴһ
磬Ҳȥɣ
˵úؼҺͷҵôȥȻΣˣ
չ磡飬ѽ㣬ȥ
ţ
ŮûзİţϾУѾͷİȫҪġ㲢ɳʱദûѪԵϵ֮⣬Ķһûʲôˡ
ֿȥɣǶСһЩ
쳯ѵˣ͸Ͻ˺һЩǧҪǿ
İɣ
ŮͷһһҵĳѳȺϽâɿıǽǰĺֱɱֺܿŤͷչɱ¾ҲΪЩؼһ߷֮˴˻ȥĻᡣ
飬ȴߣļ˿ȥñ㱳űγµһɱ¾Ϊչ˺ͱϣ˸ĺΧǿʵУЩ˵Ĺ𲻵ʲô̫õЧҲֻǸȥһЩ鷳ˡ
ȸ񽫵ĿɿŮӹϴЦݣƺɱ˵ĳһƵġ
΢΢һݣȴսţǿʵչֿһһḻ́ûóǧýЩȴûһһ֮Уֶ
ڶս֮ʱעֳһֶȸ񽫣ɴʱȸȴһɫûУɱЦݡƺƵЦݣȴԽı䣬ɱ⾡š

ֲҺ֮ϵһʻʹսᣬ洦ɼֲ֫ϱֱۣҲ̶á
ȴ⣬ʵĵһɱ¾һ߲ϳǰȥȸҲԽԽȻһ˲䣬һӰǰȸĸ֮һʵԪڣ

һȣгʱûâϮȹƼΧԲʮ֮ڵķΧâֵĳ죬ؼ֮⣬Ȼмˡ
ȴ˿Ϊ⣬ȫûнԼ˷УһֻҪɱһ㡣


964 ȸ񽫣ȸգ
ȻâϮȴһЦ˫ԪٵÿһСɵȴʮ־׼ĵ䵽Щâϣ˲Щâ໥
ֻˣһۡ
ΪԪֻǵЩԼؼҺͷ֮˵ĽâڽƬʱУŽâַΧļΪ⧲Եʵ
òϣʵ̫ˡ
ɴȴҲǸӼǰ˵ķŭԼԼĹУŭѣһ˫˫ʱŭһ㡣
Ҫ
ŭһֳֳ㳯˹ԪչֳƵΧսе΢˿һЩ
ƾ㣿Ҳ䣿
״ȴǲмţûлǧýںΪĹеɲǣȴץסʱһ࣬󻺻ĳ֡
һƺͨէۿȥžûͨ˶ܹ׶
ȻǺȴɫ䣬ʵٽֻǰһѣ漴ǸУۡһһѪͬʱ˽ʮſͣ¡
ȻңƺҲ˲٣ôŸʹ಻һ˫и˸ĺâôҲţԼõԪ֮ˣȻһƶܲ¡
ǸղʱʣµԪڸγһȫĻѾһʬˡ
ȻˣѾʧȥսܹ֮ȻվҪٶԸѾǾܵģ
ٺαǿأ
ʱȸȴǻ˹ϵЦݣ˵һʥ֣ȻһԪڵ֣ѵٶ˼Լô
ʥȻʥ򣡡
Ǹȸ񽫵ĻʱɫӴ䣬ǺȻĿ죬ǿ𾪡
£
ȸ񽫺ǳ˴һ䣬漴̧ۼȥЦ٣һ棿
ʶң
ûлش𣬶üԵ㵽ʲôˣΪʲôҲü㣬ȴʼպӡ󣿡
ǺǡЩ飬ٸ֪ʱȻ֪ˣ
죬ȸƺԳֹϵЦݶΪֿ˼֡
ֻǣȴ飬Ȼ㲻˵Ҿʹ˵ҵ뿴ȸ񽫵ǲô񣡡
ʵײ㣬ʥ֮ϲҲΨһһСֵģƽ¾ʵôǿˣҲ׸ӹԡ֣ƫƫȸ񽫾һˡ
Ǿٶָˣ
оɱȸ΢΢һЦһƱ㲻ٶԡ
ţ
˫΢УһӣǧýѾУɫҲ֮Ȼ˲١
ǰȸ񽫣Ȼܹһ˵ԼʵȻҲʵǿ֮˿̷ƽ
䣬ֽչƣǧýǿâУȸȴɫ䣬кȻһɫĳȵ¶һ㣬ǰһߣɿĽսһ
ϡ
˵θ˸ͣÿһγпƼ򵥣ʵȴ̺żΪײʱЩȻϯǵΧٻսȺǷ׷׺ˣһĶǺȻѣ˿ٴο
ȸ񽫣˫ò֣ʱʮ棬ʱʱ˲ƣƻһŹӰ˷ֲʵҪսನ·Բʮ֮γһƬյشûһ˸ǰ꼰㡭
Ȼôǿ
ܵսನר˶ֵĺذȴǾ֡
ǰ죬ذȻǶ֣ȴҲ̫ѿǿڱˮɲĪˮϣԲԼȥأ
ֳǿʵúذ𾪲ѣڵȥ콻ֵĻòбһͿأ
żʱ䣿
ذؿЦŰҡҡͷ˱Ҫ˰
ܿ죬ذһʰԸΧĺˣϾʵԽǿҲԽôҲѹֻôʮ˹ŮСѾͷէһΪǳεأ
ʵʥѾӹɵģ
ҺǽΣˣ
ذҧٴα˸ǿʵǰֱɱֻϧȱ֣췽Ҫ˲һЩô¶ѣ԰ǡ
ء
䡭
ʱİ֮ϣֲֿĺʱʱĸȸ񽫵ƺߣĽ·Щ˱б㵱ΧĲƣ֮սչֵ쾡¡
ɽƶɽһ㣬ѷѶɣټΧս˵ĸֲҺֱȾ޵ƵģǿѪϢŨѣ
Ȼ٣
һѸٵĽսȸ˺һЩ͵죬Ŀ⾹û˿⡣
һ飬㵽ʲôˣΪʲôʶңǧýָȸ񽫣ʵ
һǾ仰ʱȻ֪ˣǡǵˣȸ񽫻ص
ǵˣǺǡ㻹ͦ˵Цģ
ԣ쵱ЦղźüҷӦʱѾ㽣ˣھȻ˵ǲǵˣ㵱Ǳƭ𣿡
ǺǣҲӽˣ
ȸЦǺǵԵ֮޹أǾȥɣؼҽձҪ˭ˣ
ôĿ컹Ͳаˣ
ȸ񽫵ĻЦҪΪʥͺ˲ΪܹӮң
٣ʵڲ㶯֣㻹ǴŮ˺Ů뿪ɣ
ȸ񽫳ǻ߼ˣֻҪʮǺذԶҵֱϵѪҶͬ⣬Σ
ʵ˵ȸѾˡ
ǳһ֮;
ң㵽ʲôˣôʶҵģҵкιϵҽһս⣡Ӧ
٣ͲҪˣ
ȸ񽫿Ц֪γ㣬ҾͲģ
㲻˵Ҿͱ˵
˫оâ˸ٴչ˹ơ
һ˲ƣգۼȸǰǧýϽâɭ䣬ȸ񽫵ĸֱӴȥͬʱռ֮Χռȫ
ȸû뵽ֱӳ֣ɫ䣬٣
ѾˣǧýϵıϢȻҲǧ֮һʱУȸȻʢǴӷĿռʧһɿֲҲɫһ䣬͵̧ͷϿȥ
һֻȸշ裬һ˫ȷֻȸȸ
Ȼ䣬͵Ժһ𵽵ʲôطܹȸ񽫵Ϣˣ


965 񽫣ټҶ
ȸ
˫΢ݣȷ˵ʲôط漴ȴ־Ȳѣôܣ
Ǽˣ
ȸڿУ˫ȶĻ˸ҲԳơ
˵ȸʵз˵ѪͳֻĳЩҪȷ˲һЩȸͲӵзı¡
ˣΪ֮һȸŲСʵ
٣ڴʱȸ񽫻ȸ֮͸оǰδев
ʱȸĻȴ΢΢ףҵȷ㣬Ĺ㳡Ǹȸܣ
죬ԼǾޱһͬȥżʱ򣬱Ĺ㳡佫ĸܼʱʵ㣬˾øǿƣ¶޷ڣ˵ܹʵˡ
ֻû뵽ܾȻܹˣһżǱ߳ҪԸؼҡ
ʱĻǺذԼԶλȴɫһ䣬ڻսУҲʱעߵı仯
ҲˣȻ㣡
Ҳ֮ܿľ˫Ǿȡ
飬⵽ô°ѵȸ𣿡ɱһ˺Ťͷ鲻ʵ
˫ۣϧġŷ̾ȴδķˣȸȴǺͷ˲̫ࡣ
ܿ콫ȥżǱߵ򵥵һ飬ȸ񽫲ֻһȸܵʱЩţһܣȻܹΣһΪһȸ
˭˶ᵱһЦ
ȸǱף漴Ե٣ȻѾϳ£ǷԾʹȥϺǽֵܣ²ٳ֣ٲҪΪ£
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ȸܷҵϣŹؼң
˼٣ϵķԸһжǺؼҾȡȸҡҡͷص
ѵûһ㻺͵أ
ȸֱԾܾ첻üͷ
򡭡
ȸĻû˵꣬ȴεҡҡͷҲգһӣʱͣ£ȥһ磡
⡭
ĻȸϺ˸ɿΣʱɫȴԵüΪԥ
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üֻǸһʱ䣬ѵҲУ
ðɣٵķԸ
ĿУȸףˡֻʮʱ䣬ʮ֮½Ӳ·ԸҲֻϷԸطˣ
ʮաҲգͣ°ɣ챾ҪһЩʱ䣬ȸļᶨУջǵͷӦ
ʮգǾԹ˵ģϾǿڻԪ½κһطֱǿ鴫ƴͻȥֻȰ˵ӦҪһʱ䡣ţطǣû̫ԹĻӦûӷŹ塣

ӦȸҲ΢һּкȫˣѵصľƵģվصȸһصʬҰѪ
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ԼҲ̫Ȼö˵
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İɣ
Ů׷ףʱȸĴ£ڶҲǳһЩȥɽΧźطΧû˼ֵ˼
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Ȼó׼ȥʱһ׹Ȼ˸һһ㣬˵ע˹ȥΧֵֿռڳΪľ
漴һӰ֣мɰʣڳ˷׷ײĿ
Ŵ˵ĳ֣ȸΪ׵ڶȴǷ׷װڵأµȲμ

ذԶ˼ˣȴɫ䡣
ȸ񽫾ȻĻʹߣ˵ЩǹǱӴܵĺҲֻǶԷһʵˣһǶ٣ɣɣһɣ
˿̵ȴҲЦݣһۣΪǶѾˣȸ񽫿еȻǵвԪݰ׼ׯİҶ
Ҷû壬ֻ꣬ʱȴʵһ㣬ͨ˵ûκ
ҶʦĽ̵£Ҳչĺܿ죬ʱչֳʵȻûдﵽʥ򣬵ȴҲԪϡ
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ǰͰҶ֣ЦӦùĻ㲻ɣûлȥ㸸ĸ͵ܵ޻
еģǶһаã޻ѾҪˣǺǣҶһ㶼ûеռݰ޻֮ʱɲԵüΪºͣͬǫǫһ㡣
Ǿͺã
Цŵͷ漴ʵҶʲôĪǴ֪飬ģ
ˣ
Ҷ׻صʦ˼ѧˣ㵽ȸ˴ιؼһ谭㵽谭֮ӦˣΪ˱ⲻҪĳͻʦֶǰֻǿʦ˼Ҷû뵽Ȼʦ
Ǻǡ簡ֱӰ
̾һ䣬ֵҶȻˣøδã˵ãؼҿǱˣ㲻᲻ʦӰɣ
ʦ˵Цˣ
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ˣ
˰ҶĻ˺ܶ࣬תͷһߵĺذԶǾ첻ѵһʱ侹Ĳ֪ȥźã
վںطǱߣȸɱôˣҵķԶиȻνǳ޳죬϶Ҫȸ񽫵ǡ
Ȼվڱ˴ǱߣҪǺط˲
վм䣬Ϊѣòпҡҡͷ̾簡磬ǸСҳһⰡ


966 ʱԹ
һյϣ죬񽣣ذأԶټϰҶȸܹڴˣΧûκһ˵ӰϽŮǴΧȥˣȥˣ˫һߵڶᶯ֣˵ǵʵҲᵣĳʲôΣա
һ飬ľ˫˶ûзԡ
һ̣Щͥ˼
Ƿ٣߷ֱԭͱ棬˭ԭ˭Ǳ棬û˵ҲҪ
ذԶ˶԰ҶȸŭĿӣԶΪԶеǶǺ֮ǡ
ҶȴǱƽɫ˿ûκת䣬ȸͬЦݣڷԶɢɱ⣡
ȸεʵԺλʥ۷ƽɫ˵عȸʵˣڷԶûﵽʥˣͲмһˡ
ʥ½Ϊϣ˸ֿɲ˵˵ġ
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Ͼǻһ׻ô϶ҧ󣡸οȸǱߵʵҪҲ٣һûǳĻطͳΪϵ׸ˡ
˫˶ûмڵ˼εʼ磬ԵȻǶ˵Ǿȿڰɣ
Ҷ
콫˰ҶҶ̹ӦҶڣʦԸ
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˰ҶĻЩԺذغͷԶΪŭɱô˲˵棬Ƕ⣬Ǽ壿
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ذ̲ס˵ʲôʱһȥúذضʱ졣
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ʾҶ˵ʱİҶȴǱĿɨذԶˣĿԵʦ壬ʦֻǸһЩ򵥵飡߰ٶǰؼ淢żĴڣҽУʦǿһЩҽڵı˼ǣǽΪӣ
ʱǺТ˳֤˵һڰ֮ǰʦȳຣ׸ĹТ˳ʦʱ޻ɣ㿪ĵĸһЩܹõķչ
Ȼʦû뵽ǣ澹ȻΥŵԣȥ֮󲻽ûаʦż鴫ȥΪ˱֮ͣڰмˣԻۣƭʦ˼ҽΪ͵Ҫı֮һ
ҶԵʦҲɻΪʲôȸǶؼ˸׶죬ʵҲǵõʦķԸΪѰǼ
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ǣղ˵ʲô߰ٶǰʲôΪ浱ɵӲɣʦĪѾǧꣿϣܹлǧ𣿡
УʲôżʲôǶ֪
ذԶ̳ɫúѿ
Ҷ˵ʦĶֱǶǼ裡
ûк˵ֲۣ
ҶĿɨһۣȸһ˫иԾŻâûڳĻʱֽ˵С
ѹҵһμʱ˵ӻδȫָʱһ룬ôʱ䣬ô˼δָܻ˵Ļǵ˵ͨˣ
ںذԶ˵ļȴƽĵͷ
Ҷ˵Ҳǽͷɻ
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Ǿǣ٣Ҫվ߰ذҲ֮
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⡭
Щ΢㶣ƽУǵҲûٶ˵ʲô
ٳԷ񶨣Ҫ˿ĻŶƱˡ
˵Ҳ֪ͬ飬Ͼһ޴ĳţҵΪԼ棬Ҳ˵ʲôܽ¼¼ڼڡ
Ҷ˵ĵɣƼеϾǰˣû֤ݵĻվסŰ˵
⻰ذԶЦˣλаٻվߵİ
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ҶûȥϵЦ⣬ƽļʦҲд˹ǣԸҶǰΪľѰһ֤ݣһ޷粵֤ݣ
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Ҷ˳ĵͷ˿̺ذȴЦˣЦҶ֪Ҽʲôֱ˵бѱҳ
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ҶЦû˵ĻҸԵʼһ仰ɣǿɲ˵Ǿ仰ʲôأ
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˰ҶĻذԶЦȥɫ쳣ء
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ֻа˸֣ǵļҹ˵ÿһμڼʲô£ͨ˸ȥѰҽ֮
ֻϧذԶŪ˸ĺ壬¼УذҲֻͨȥȡ
˸ֻÿһμ֪ͬг϶ǶȻ֪ģ
ΪʲôȻӰҶ˵˺š
ôǲǺΪʲôһ֪
˵ɫ仯ҶЦһʵ˵ɣ˸ִľǼϧҵĴв֪ǰ˸ֵ˼
㣬㵽ʲôˣô֪ôذصЩýʣָŰҶɫΪء
ʲôˣ㻹ûʸ֪
ҶߵЩȻ淸µǾ͸Щ˳е
ˣҶЩȻ˵
ʱİ֣ʵİ˸֣У˵Ǽʲô
ĻҶûȥˣ칧˵ʦ壬֪ǵıܶ࣬Ҫֻһһǡ


967 ¾Զû

̤ƾѰ꣡
Ҷ˵ֵʱ򣬺ذԶɫ䡣
֮ǰȷ֪˸ִʲô˼֪ԷҲУǴӡУԿǰ˸԰ָ֣ľӦˣ
λô˵Ƴˣƽʵ
٣ҳǺؼҵеȷǰ˸֣̤ƾѰ꣡⵽״ʲôҲ
ذҡҡͷصɲǺؼҼֻϧѾ֮ǰҲԲܽ˸ִʲôߺذأϾذҲǵ²ŵȥġ
ڷԶȴҪĸһЩ
ȷһμҲ׵Ŀе֪һǲǰҶ˵ľҲδ֪
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ذؼ˵б¾ȥǾҳķڷ
˵ֻҪҶܹѰǱ֮£ʵ
ⲻһ٣
ذؼæΣǶϵģôʦ棬飿
ˣȲ˵ˣ
ĵҶܷ񽫾Ѱ
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Ҷԥĵͷٳ֮ǰʦ˼ұѾҶ־ֻҪһΧ־ǾԶɳ
Ŷ˵ԣ
ȻҶͷ
ˣǾ;ɣҲʶʶǺֱȻܹ
˿̶ЩȲ˵ռоֻǴĺ棡֪ʱ򣬸ǶԾŨŨڴ
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ҶҲδʲôٶȻŵİ׹ӣҲ˰֮У
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ӡһȫɵɳɵ˰Ҷͷͣ£Ŵǻ֮ȴŸϢɢҶʱȾͬ·Ƶģ桭
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Ҳͬüͷ΢壬ȴܿչ
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ذͷƷ֪ʱѾա
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һһžŲСڰɫâƣԵüΪأ
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ʲôãʵ
ҲʦҲû˵
Ҷҡͷصʦֻǽҿ־еһֻ֣ܽߣʹã
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ЦЦҶŤͷذԶ壬ôʲô˵
ӵҲʱǾȴҲ˵͵ֵİ
ûȷԶ˵ʲôǺذر㵱ԵⶫʵǺطҵмɽѰҵģҸ޹أƾʲôҪ˵Ϊ

˺ذ֮ԣ쵹ǲò˵úе
˺طصǰ˸⣬ȷûκ֤ݣҵƾǰ˸־кֽܶͣû֤˵ǰ˸йأϿȷЩͬ
ԣڵĺذرһҧˡ֤ݡ֣ܹóȷʵ֤ôҲķڷ
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ԶҲû˵ʲôֻǵͷźذص˵
һ̣첻˫΢С
ʵӡ̤ƾѰꡯ͡棬ֻҪе˼ά˶ܹ϶бȻϵֻذԣû֤ݣ
ȻҶ֪ϵİ˸֣ôһҲδɡ
ȫ˵ǰҶĹߣȻذûô˵˼˭ףϾǹϵǺؼ裬վǵĽǶϾԲκ¾
ǲײĲᣡ
պþ󣬰ҶĿϣҲգұһ֤˳
˵䣬ҶŤͷȸʵȸ壬Զںδ
ԣȸЦЦּһŻصһֱڵȺٻѾ̸Ϲ
ԶУ
֣ԶȻ˫һУԼĶܲѾôѵ˵Զиûðɣûֳʲô֤ѵ˵Щ˺ͷԶ֮仹ʲôܵĽף֮ǰֻһ۷
뵽Զɫúѿ


968 ʮĺ⣬ͻ
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ԶУԶʱۿԼܵʬѵ˵˻Ḵɣ
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Цĺ񣬷Զһ˫۾жỨʮһֱĵ׵ܴʱ˵Ȼʹ˲٣ȴӵʹԷԶޱȵĺ⡣
˵ʲô
ԶסˣΧеķ֮˶׷Ŀ࣬˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһء
ˣҵĺô磡
ԶЦ֮ȴ˫âҧӣţҷԶеʱ㰵ԷģȢܿЦɣ
ˣذصȺؼ˵ĿҲǹ첻ѣû뵽ԶԶֵ֮仹ʮ϶Զƺֱڲףⲻò˵ȷЩЦ
ֻǣĪĶԹ⣬Ҳȷ̫һЩ
Զеܹ˵ĻƣʮĺȴѺԽԽ󣬵Ѿ˲ʰĵز
£·ԶҲͷĺ⽲ôȵһȫǻڵĽӲҡ
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ҵʱĲ֪
ԶЦ˵֪ϲĻǾԲģҶȥʮˣѵͲǿֵܰ
ԣֵܣֵܣһֵܣ
ԶеЩѹͷ⣬ҴֵܿеŮ˶Ҫ˵ֵܣ̫Цˣ̫Цˣ
Զ죬Ĳ֪ȥ͡
ǰķԶУЩֱˣͬһ㡣
˿̵Ҳҡͷ֮һ֣Ĳ֪ȥ˵ˡ
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969 
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컹ЩǶԺطº֣ĽͣԼǰʶʱκԱ仯֮ʱһ
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鵽һǾôᣬҲܺˣͬʱ𣬷һϽɶˡ

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Уһ˸ص
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񽣵˵ԴȻǸˣܹĵطչҲòϵȷһʮ˿顣
ŮͿܹͻʥĻôȻȥ֮ضܹ𵽸ãҵҲȻΪ
磬ҲûȥȰ˵ʲô绹ãʾʺϡаֻҪԵˣ²ÿȥҲܹͻƣ͸쵣ˣʥ۷壬һ裬ֺëֱĸо


970 ͻƣ񽣵Ŀ񻯣
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ſϣСʵ
Ѿҩ԰ĵʮʱˣ֮ŮټϺͿѾչʮʱ䣬ʱҲȥ֮á
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ڽǼʱУÿ춼Ǹ⣬ÿٶʺü飬ÿεõҡͷشСѾͷֶС죬һܲĵӡѾͷȴǹɶ£ⲻҡϵʱ֪վںΪ촷أ
СѾͷľòô챧ЦǺǵĵ
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971 ҩ԰
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ˣ֮ǰʵʵڵԪǰڣҲܲˣҩ԰ʱĴڣԼΧŨ֧֣ٸҲǳ֮Ȼ뵽˴ӵԪɹ뵽Ԫǰ۷壬ĻʱܹԪڡ
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ʵԾʽڶĸмŨ࣬ԼܹһԱ÷򡣲ʵõ˴ȵܵŨŨļͥůҸ
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εľˣСӳԵġǹ绹Ҫ٣ȴȫû˿仯Ҫ˵仯ĻһЩһ˫۾ƺһЩȴ˸׽͸ʱ춼ڰԲ²⣬ԼŮ׻ǲࡣ

ˮɽҶʦͽ뿪Ƚͻص̲󣬱ֱӻص
Ůı仯ȴˮɽϵǶǾﲻѣ飬ԼʥʵޱȾ̾ǵҲûжʲôϾ˶и˵ĻԵʵ׻ͿͿĸá
صˮɽĵڶ죬Ůȥˣʱ򣬶ľȴǽ컽˽ǰֱ˵ʲôʱӱ

⻰ʱŴ죬ĿҲЦѣ˿ûиκӡ
ľصûȥܿ񽣣Ϊ֪֮俴ʵֵܵĹϵֻһ˫κŮ˵ķϣʲôСӱҽڣǰ˵ʥ򣬶ʵ㣬޷УѶʥֽܻܲڰɣ
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˵ʵڵģûӵ飬ֻһֱæҪûʱ䡣


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ʵЩ̲סˣЦүϷ˵ĻɣһԵģ

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ħݺᣬεȴħʵͶ弶߼ħҲ洦ɼ˼Ҳüͷ·Ѿħ޵£
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ڵǵ֮ǰ漸ʱ仹òƽϷ羰ԷնɱһЩ弶ħտСʮ⡣ɵ˺棬ȴһȺ߼ħʨոˡ
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Ȼüѣ˰￪һСȴˣľκȻΪ˱ãƹأʱбĿܡ
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985 䣺첻
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986 ľصŭ
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ܣԲܣ
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ŷĻУ˷׷̧ͷɫᶨѡ
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ŷҲ֮ȫ˵һ飬öľϹԶ˾ɫص˼㡣
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һʱ䣬ԺԵøΪѹ֣ľصĿ˸뵣ǣʱҩͰƵģֻҪ˸ҵ㣬µͻᱬը


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ĪˮͼõҲǳȰţɶľȴǳ˳һ㣬һ˿ԥûС
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ԪİڱϺ˵ȵһȣԼ̫ˣôܻ£
ԴϹͽ֮Ȼ·ⶣȫͦ˹ʥ۷ʵһ˵ˣܻ·;ز۵ģ
ȥ˿ռУְȫĹˣΪ㵣ģ
ԪİĻڳ˶׷׵ͷʾͬ⣬һһȰ˵ŶľأȻľȴҡҡͷǼᶨĵۼǰ򲻹˵ʲôҶһҪȥ¸ҵҲϧ
ӣ㡭
ϹԶ˵ʲôɶľȴҡҡͷϵϹ٣㲻ض˵ˣѾŷְɣ
ðɣԼСģ
ŷҲһ̾˫ֱ㿪ʼӡΧǾȻһ£漴γɵϱ˺һӣɲǼĿռ籩Ϳռӿ룬Χ¶ȶ˲½˱һ㡣
ľ˫һУӳֵɲǱգۼѾʧǰ˷׷׾Ŀɫ쳣ء
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ϹԶ״ʱ߼Χ˹ȥĪˮ뼧õһһҵĽľزš
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ˣľȴü壬֪ΪΣǿųоȻһ˿˿úϤϸһȴּΪİûн˵ȥ
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ֻһֿܣЩռѰĲͬ߿˵䣬˵Ŀռ
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Ӧæģȴû뵽Լˡ
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뵽ľ̳λʥʳͷɻ
ǵȷǸоǿ
ԪİɫҲΪǲŻ²˵ռУ˵ųǲ޲
ԪİĻҲǷ׷׵ͷ
һȴԽ˷롣
ռ˶죬ֱţǰһȴǲòţ
һʱ䣬ԺеձЩ죬ÿ˵ĺܹһ
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ȥˣĶ
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һʱ䣬㿴ңģǲ֪νӿڡ
ϾǶľصĶӣΪĸΪԼĶȥ˰æⱾ޿ɺǵ飬˵ڵô죬ǼΪʥߣѾվ˻Ԫ½۷壬ȴɺް취
ȥ˰æȷһеİ취Ȼܹ˳ŽռЩȫҲʧΪһ¡
ȻһɲǼ䣬һͬһӰ˲ƶڳ˵עȫ˹ȥ


988 ߵ
һŮӣȥŶʮ꣬ȹԱɴ޷ݣŮٷһƮ춯ˣȻǱɴ˫Ȼȴһı䣬˽һۣѡ
λС㣬㡭
Ϊ˼ҼӺǰѯʡ

ȻŮȴֱһ֣ԪʵĹӺ޷֮Ľĺˡ
Ů飬µǸղһӣҪ˹Ӻ
һĻڳ˾ɫȻŮӾȻŲǵʵ
֮Ҳʥ򣬶ʵʥϣ
һɲǣ˶Σѵűʱ첻ʮʥ򣬶Ůӿȥֳ࣬ʵȴǸҪǿϼ֣ȻǰŮӴһĻǻӮ
ҲɱˣǶÿҪȥǱߣ
Ů˵ţָ˱ɽ
λȥǱʲô
ϹԶ㾿ʲôˣȥɽʲô
ÿ
Ůûлش𣬻ֵбһӿϹԶʱɫ䣬æ˫趯ЩȻˣЩǿϹԶ˺ü
Ϲ٣
Īˮ뼧õ˼æǰĶŮӣɫޱء
ϹԶŮӴýˣҲжľܹĶˡ
˼㲻ܹȥ
ľʱǰŮӺϹԶм䡣
Ǳزģûҵ֮ǰΪĸ׵ĶľǾԲε˿
ֻǣǰŮӾȻľΪϤĸоʱº͡
ϤҲ㶯֣ÿŮŶľأ˵
ʶң
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ŮӵвľûԽϤ
ʱλʥ߷׷ŮӰΧм䡣
ʥߣԼĽŮвѾǾԼȵžž졣
ŷǽ֮ǰڶľܵ裬ȫתƵŮϡ
Ǳҵģְ֪ˣҲң
Ů˫ɱȻ漴ȻգʹâĲУһֺ𡭡
һ裬һ辪أ
һ궯һҲ񷣡
翲ѵŮӿְ㴫һ˳һռصŮӸڿվǾô趯
һ裬ѩƮɣ䡭
һ裬߲䣬á
Ǹ˶λã̧żһ
ڳ˾ʥǿߣҲô״̬ɼˣԾɸо˾Ļ㱣һּơ
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˺ܿعŷǺü۵ŭŮ
ܹһԻģֶɱ˵ģŮ
û֪ŷѾŮɱġ
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Ҷ֪ǸɰѾͷģһֱСѾͷôһʮŮӣ
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ҲҪֹҾȰְ𣿡
Ůĵͣ衷ļֻǣڰбʹâ֣ƺŮĵϣԾô䣬·Ƕİ˵һ㡣
飬Ѷ⵽ô£
ľزĳŮʵôܣ
ţģ
µôۼģڼԥҲ齲˳εļڸղţڼˣȻҵĽһְ֡㵹˵ϣ
ȻǹȥʱͺȻڿ˵ҪȰְ֣ȥֹˣȻ˲ߣҺ֪׷˹
˵漴Ȼ뵽ʲôһ¼˻Ԫ½ϴʥǿߣɫĵţĪĳˣ
ʱѺҲɫޱ䡣
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ˣҲˣ
ľףȻ˵һ飬Ůǲѡ
ÿǶÿȻɱˣ
ʱԽ䣬һ˫ɢǰδеı
֪ݵˣҲЩ֪룬֪òüȥ
ְڻ𣿡ܲ⣬ȴֲòʡ
ÿÿ
ûлش˫ˣκθԡ
ڵоֻһͷ嵽ߣһͬ
㿴ʲô
ȻͷһתһȣԿƵġ
ȣ
ᣬзһĨ
ļȣǰְֿƵģļκζ޷ȡĵλ
ԹְָŪļȣ𣿡˵ţͬСһ㡣
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ԭºһЩ˫ȻżҪȥȰְ֣Ȱְ֣
Ƕÿ
ֻһŭȣʹâ漴γǱɽķٳȥΧ˶ʱɫһ䣬Ȼʧǰ

û뵽Ѿͷܴ̼һֱҪȴˡ

Ҳˣζͼæ׷ȥ
ףȻȥǱߣô϶Ҳڡ
Ҳȥ
ľûж˼ʲôкϹԶ˽ϡ
ȻҶǾԵ֮ʱȴǷѾˣֵǣŷǾûκƻ

ŮţȴûκλӦ
ѵڿռУ
ľ֮ǰΪռųɣҲʧôԱ
ţﲻİɣ
Ҳ֮ȻȥˣҲֻܼס磬˶ʶ
Ҳȥң
˵ɶľȴֹУǲܳ⣬ȻҸ
һ԰
ᶨĵȻŮ֮ȴŮ޷ϵ


989 ɿޣͻƣ
첢֪Ϊôʥǿߵע⣬˵֪ҲûǸȥģ
ʱڽŷǾʱۿ󷨼ɣһɲǣֻǰһΧһǿĿռ֣ûüκηӦ˲䣬Ѿ
룬ǴڿռУҲǸɽĿռѷ
׼ȷ˵һƬռзĴڣΧûκεĹߣ۵һжǺڰ۾Ѿ𲻵κãΨһܹıǾ̽
ҪǣЩռޱͣѾʥ۷ʵȴҲЩڵĿռεֱۣܹ͸һ
Դʱ켸Ѿ˾ƬռзûκεķУҲͬоʱţеֻǲϷΧЩռĹ
һˣһ߻ָҵĴָʦƵָԵҩҲõĻΪԪľ
Ƶ£
һôܹȥ
ڶΪʲôоֵһԴѪϤ
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һռϮϰߣʱ÷ͬʱִһЩԪеֵ
ڽⲨռɢ֮϶˺üµ˿ڣץʱлָͬʱҲô˻Ŭɢ۲Χ֮ǰѾ˵·߼СǰС
ʵ˵ǰУȴҲпǺˣΪѾʧȥеķУֲʲôǶ
ţе֡
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ɫһϲҵȷûߴôһֱǰУܹܿҵˣ
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ܿ죬쾪ӦǴ˵ֵɿˣ
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ģ
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ЩżתӣٶҲԱȲЩٱӺһ׷ϣԪ̫ضΪʮͷɿʳĶ
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һҧȴǽǧýУβ˷ĳǰɿȺӭȥ
ɿ޲ѰħĽף໥ԽǿĻͽԽ񼴽ƽʮͷɿУҲ׶ѣҲΣ˷Եʡ
Ҳһ㣬ݵ伮أɿһǶΪҪͬԵʣע˲Ⱥӵģ
ˣ
ûи˼ʱ䣬ʮͷɿȻӽγ˰ΧȦǰĵ·ȫӵű¾ħҲɣ

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ǿĽ˲Ϣʮ׳Ľâֱӳǰɿޣɵٴλӽٱ䡪˫ն
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ʼǿѾʮͷɿ޷ʳɾѡߵţ֮žѾɵУûȵϸ۲죬ʮͷɿޱȺӵϡ
Ҳ֪ҪԸ죬еξ壡
ȻǺöǾͱˣ
˫һУȻٵĻʮ׳ľʣµʮͷɿ޼ٳȥ
צĿռޱȿֲƣ
𡭡
ŴŴš
ʮͷɿ޽оΣʱűʮξ뵽С
Щʲôã
ʱпϸ۲졣
ЩξаƴСȴѰħħͬеΪɻ󡣵ŸղЩɿ˷ķʳҲЩξԺ
ţô
ͻأģ˼ʱܹʮξ徹ǻҺֱͨûڣκηӦ
ǡ
ɲǼ䣬ֻԼļת·˲Կռ򶼸࣬˲Ľ뵽붨״̬
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˺һͷɿ³һݽӰȥ
ЩȫûиоҲ֪׹ȥʱ䣬ͻأ˫ۣâһţ֮ǰɱɿ֮ʱѾȫָͣʥ۷ʵȻҲһ̳ɹͻˣ
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ʱ죬Ѿʥصľ磡
ʮʥأԻ˾ģ
ھϲ֮࣬ȴǵһʱע⵽˰ԼΧǲݡ
ʲô
쳢ȥȴøӼͣóȫʼ޷ơ
ѵұ
ֱЦã֪ԼΪʲôƬռ죬ھȻôһ֮У֪ʲôԼƣ
Ҫȥ䷨
һֱ棬ָô죿
ܲܣһֱôȥɣ
쳢øְ취ԪľҲʼûܸݴȥκ˺ϵַ֮ܵ˼𵴣ûֱ³Ѫ
ģ
찵ѣȻް취֮ʣݶȻԼƯ쳯ԶƮȥ
ΧĿռɲϴ󣬵ֻҪݣЩռȻıܿƺźĿ־Ƶģһ㵹ǲ졭
ˣ֮֮ҵ뿴ⶫҪȥĶ
˦˦ͷȷûΣ֮һЩϥٴν뵽붨״̬ЩȫʱȶոͻƵľ磡


990 ɿվˣռ䣡
һƬ̲ĻܵɽˮɫҰţһԴľѡ
촭Ŵ类иƵģ鲻ü˿ԪѾֹסѪȴƯξ壬ɢŨĿռϢµĲݵⰻȻʱװȫĶԱȣ
һξ壬һͷɿޡ
Ǽ͵붨ţȴû뵽۵ɲǣѾ
첻֪⵽ʲôطν֮֮㿪ʼ߶ȻûȶãΧռȻֳͷɿޣÿһͷ൱ʥʵ˲ٵľȫҲͳⷬģ
Ҫǣɿ޵Ĺ첻ѣܹÿռ֮ȥвνǳ䲻⡣
ɿվˣԼξȡ֡
֮ǰǿռ֮У첻֪ʮɿվˣͣ˺óһʱʵͻƣɹĴʥ۷ʥء
Ȼ첻֪⵽ôµģȴҲףͻƱضɿվѲ˸ϵ
ŵʱȷ˵ɿվ˾Բ򵥣̺Ŀռʮִ⣬ȫʥ֮ƽĳܹ𵽸ͻƵã
ԣٴնɱͷɿ޵õɿվ˺СĽ봢ָУδȥӴ
֮ǰǴΣ컹ûʲôٶ֮ʱʮɿվ˱ֱûڣֱǿյΡʶΪԷһֻǻֽɿվ봢ָȥӴ
Ҫ֪ﵽʲôطָβܳȥһӱ̫Ȥˣ
һŵҩָ֮ȴٴοʼΧͼҪѰҳ뿪֮
ȷϵһ㣬ǾﲢǻԪ½һĿռ䣬һΪ֪Ŀռ䡣
ȻʱУȴȻ񣬳۴ͬԴ⣬һħ޵Ϣû֣·ֲ֮
Σ·һΨһ࣬˵ֻֱ絽˼㡣
찡⵽ʲôطôˣ
ҵڸô죿ѲҪһ
飬Ѷ硭
үүĸס
Խ꣬õΪʱ𲻵κλ͵ãƧ֮вɵĶ˴ʱԳּ֮С
ȻʱΧռһӿۣ漴ΣյϢ춨һȻͷ߰׸ߵɿ޼ֶûиκ˵Ļᣬͷʱڵλ˹ȥ

챾鷳ƣɿ޳֣ǽеƶйϡ
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Īǣֻɿ޴ڣ
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ΧһƬžûܹش⣡
ţҲ֪ǲնɱͷɿ޶仯ƵģƬ֮䣬ΧռӿԽ٣űһͷһͷɿֶ
дСľѾʮףСȴҲ֮ߡ
վͬ˾˹ƵģЩΡ
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˫΢У˽еǧýɫ쳣ء
֮ǰ˲ͷɿޣÿһͷֻ߰׵ΣȴѰʥһ֮ȣʱʮͷɿлͷʮ׶ߵģ˵ʵ֮ǰͷ˫ࡣ
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ԣ˷Ŀ⼸ȫͷߵɿϣ
𡭡
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Ѿûʱȥ̫࣬˸֮䣬ǧýϽâƣ㳯Щɿ޳˹ȥ
ѡЩСɿޣںʵУһͷһͷСɿ޽𣬵ȻҲջһŽһŵɿվˣɿվ˵쵹ҲԿ
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ͷʮ׸ߣʣ»׵֮ͷܼͷɿޡ
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ֵˣҪ̵ңǾҪñɱ׼
˫һУȻԭصֱʧűʮ׳Ľâֿٳͷɿ޳ȥ
Ľٱ䡪ն
ûͬĽ˲䱻óΣԲŻâ֡
ΪʵĽâûм֮ǿ˲١
Ȼÿһâȴֻһͷɿޣܿ˶
ٱ䡪˫ն
˲Ϣ֮䣬ǰʮ׳Х
ͷɿ޷ֱâϣֻǵʵȴҪȸղŵǿһЩĹ֮Уֻһŭһռܸ֣֮ǳǽâ;ƶȥνǹ쵽˼㡭
ƣ
ھʼͷɿ޹Ѿµ˻ʶ˫ӡȻɲǣƯڽâΧܹʮƱȻըѿ
䣡
ֲĺЩĿռ֮㱬ըнɢҲ޷𵽸еá
ͬʱâٶȻգۼѾͷ׶ߵɿǰͷɿ޺ֱӱĿɿվɢ֮չǰ
ţ
Ȼ׼ǰȡʱȴͻأɫ˲䡣
Ϊǰ棬ͷʮ׸ߵɿ޾ǴһֱɿվǸڣ΢е˫УͷɿΧƵĿռϢԽǿоһǰδеѹȺΣգ
ǾȻܹɿվǿ
ɫѿȻ֮ǰĿռѾһĻȴûΣյĸо
˿̵ͷߴɿţռ䶼ƣֻΣմǧýֲһЩ


991 ΣգȻֵɿޣ
ͷɿޣƺѾһԣ֮ǰնɱЩɿ޶ԣһ˫޴۾ѾԵɱ仯
⣬ҲΪĵģ
ֻ֪ɱ¾ħ˵˼ά֪׵ħ޲µģȻǰɿҲˣ
ԣʱͷɿ޵ĽУΧռѾԱ𽥷£ŬƽҲûʲôãܹĸǰͷɿ޴ȥвԵǲܹȥ
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Ƭ̼䣬ͷɿͬʱһŭδʲôֻоΧĿռ֮ӿһۿɼĿռ֮кȻ֣ڵλÿϮ˹ȥ
һռ֮УһâƵģ޾ƿ֮ҪʳƬƵģ

״찵ѣһȣȫԪתǿ˲ȻȻܿռμ˸ǴЩռ֮еķѿȥ
ȥɣ
˫΢УǲͷɿЩռ֮оԶͣ¡
ԣѵ˲һ˸Ȼֱֽ˲ͷɿǰǧýϹԪǿķɱֱֱɿ޵Ӵȥ
ȻѾնɱ˲ٵɿޣӵĽսȴǵһΣ춼벻ЩĶ
ŴŴš
ɲǣǧýֱӴһͷɿ޵ӣȻȴһ˲Щ΢
ǧýĴ룬ͬƵģûܵһɿȴ͵ĵͷһɲǣһ޴ȫЩܿƵķ𣬳ɿ޵Ĵ쿿
ô£
ɫ䣬æתԪǿдǹѿͷɿȻûôɷŹ˼һ̶Ŀռ֮Ŀռ֮׷ƶͬһ˿һ㳯ƶȥ
ã
켱æܣó˲ơ
𼼡ս죡
ʵܲסˣһʮ׳ĽɫڸĻûɺȻ֣ͬʵʰȻɣıɱܼٱƽĿռ֮˿ȥ
ɱ
ŭһɫʱͷɿ޷ȥצӿ˲ѡ
ͷɿ޹оһ˿ΣգȴǺȻռ䣬ƻĿռƮɢȥǽɫĹȫûκЧ
ôʧ˰ɣ
һĻüͷ壬ڿŽɫһͷɿ޷ȥͬʱͷſʱעΧһС
棬һ˲䣬ռٻۣǸղʧɿ޾˲ٴ۶ɣҪ׼˲ƿȥɲǣһ֮ǰǿ˲֪ٱĿռ֮ȫֱӽΧĿռȫʱ˲ƶò

ЩˣĿռ֮ȴԽԽǿڵԪתܵӰ죬ûѡ
䣡
һɲǣһռ촫ԭǽɫһͷɿڵĿռֱըѣȴҲûʲô̫õЧ
Ϊһͷɿըѵ˲ת˲ȥԶֻۣ΢СһҶѣȴԾʮ׸ߣԴ˷Ĺƿ˵Ǽá
ڶ˵ǰͷɿ޵ĿռȴΣյ˼㣬ɿ޴ɢǿ岻ܿƵĳž˹ȥͬʱ͵ԪҲͬܿƵӿٸɿ޹׷ǰһ
ûа취ֿյĻؽΪͷɿ޵ĸвˣҿ϶ûʲôḶ́һضᱻռ䳹׽ɱʱҪҲǲܵˣ
⼸Ѿ˱Σʱ̡
Ҫǣڿռѹоǵֿ˵ֱӻ˹ȥ
ۿް취ѵɲǣһǿĿռȻӣͬ˲һ㣬һͷߴʮҵɿֶ
޴ߣľս˵ʱɢǿϢˡ
𣡡
ͷɿ޳ֵɲǣһŭ𣬴һɲǣͷɿ޾Ǹ޵ֿ֮ıֻһͬԶһľ׽˼£漴ͷȥ
ϧʱѾԣûа취ǰһĻ
֮ͭ廹˫ۣ鶯죬ͬСһ㸡ֳĹâһﻹצϲ˲䣬ϧצ̫󣬵ָ׶ҪӴһЩ㶯ƺڵ˵죬˵Ȥˡ
СһȻ
ʱһȻͷʮ׸ߵɿ޶ʱӣСĴһܣ¶һֺõɫſ콫Щ͸ӿԺĿӣû˿Σա
ţɿȻռ䣬ͬʥǿߵ˲Ƶģֱʧ

Ȼ챻ͷʮ׸ߵɿ޾´߲ã˵Ȼ֣Ǳɴ棬ʹâ̲ľӳ£ȴǸԳ־֮УǼŮ֮ϡ
ְָղŻ
˫һΧɲǱۺжʱƣŶһе
ڤܣ
Ȼ̽ȥʱʮֻɿ޽̶֣ʱüԭЩ
˵Χʹâɢʹâֵɿ޲δСʧֻһſŴСһɿվ˱ּЩ԰ְֺǶã
ҵĶ֮£ԲְֵΣѾԾռ䣡ֻǰְڻԵʱȴ޷̽ľλã
磬ɱһЩЩСһҲøְǶ׼һЩã
ܿ˾˫ӡһʹâֶɵٳ˷ȥɲǼ䣬һֻֻɿޱס˳Ҳ޷Ҫռ䶼С
ЩǵĿƵģܲصöܹ׼ȷĽץס

˫ϼ䣬ЩȻըѿʮŵɿվȡɿڵλãܿٴαС
ƳΪɿ޵ɱߣһͷһͷɿкκη֮һſŵɿվ˱ߡ
쿴һĻĻôҲţ֮ǰɿУǰЩɿ޾ͬײһĿɱһ㷴ûС
ܹЩؽɻ󡣱Ͼ¾κһʥǿҲԲôɣǿҲ˰ɣ
ȻЩҲ֪֪ԼĹŮȻ׷ٵΪʱѾͷ޴ɿ޴һɽС


992 ǰ
˼ׯ԰ԺУľصʥǿڴˣڼѾǿռҲֻѡȥȺ򣬶ľҲϽŮȰ˵£ͣ˻ȥѰҰֵ뷨ҪȵϢ˵
Ϊ棬˶Ǹ۲ѣһɻ˭Ҳ㲻ΪʲôôһɰСѾͷɷŮһģ
¾ϽŮҲȫ˵Ȼ
ӣ㳤Ǳߣû˵ΣϹԶľʵ
ûУ
ľضüҡͷ˵ʵ˸ֿܣʼնûһĽͣ
ǻ᲻Ϊʲô״ͻŻˣϹԪߣĪˮ
ȻⲻˣԼš
ʲôͻ䣬ҲܺȻһˣһֱӳôɣ
ԣʳĪˮԼԳҡҡͷ
ǲֿܣĳֶĳЩ̼£仯̽Ե˵
ȷֿܣ
ԪİףͺѪħЩƣѪħǱúԶѣֻ벻ϵ׻ʲôôı仯ֱǱһƵģ
˾Զԣ㿴ģ׷׿Цѡ
ˣҲʲô°ɣ
ľغɫһǵĵҪûȳȥˣУѾͷǶź˰ɣ
ź˵ģ
ص׷֮ǰѾԹԵڼ棡ѾǴѾͷˣƽʱҲܶ¹ɣҲõģԼҵĵ̣ʲôΣյģ
˵˶٣һǱɽķ̾˭Ҳұ֤ɣΪСʵ̫ˣ¸λ˵ֱ綼֪飬ǾĸŮһ໥ΣҲûȥ׷ס
˶òϣȷǵϲСӸʼնû˻κζУ
Ҿˣ͸˵һһְֽŵˡ

˶ΪŮĲѵʱһľɽȵУ쾲һƬ̲ݵϣΧȴԵĿռۼƺһʮֶռ䣬ɽȶȫȻС
䣬ڽԶ󺮷ĺХ̲γĶԱȡ
ʮ׸ߵɿ޾Ͷߣ޴ɽƵģһ˫۾ȴ˸ź鶯Ĺʡ
Сһû˵ɣ
ʱһ˴ǺХĺ˳ŵЦݣȴ⡣
ֻôɿޱСһȷЩ
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˵ĻɿһǺܲ˶Ļɡ
˺ˣ֪ˣ
ߵɿߣĺȣЦԼȥɣסˣҪԹԵģ۸ˣ
𡭡𡭡
Ȼɿȴҡһ´ԴǱ˸ָӣɻ쵽ʲôˣȻܹ
СһǺ̫أ
˿Цõĵȥ棬˽״ٺ˵У˳ȥժſ͵԰Ȼ첻׼Է
𡭡
ɿǰצؿڣڱ֤͵ԣʧżӺȭͷСʵո֣ŨĿռϢȻ˵Ŀˡ
ɿûг֣Ӧ˵Ļȥˡ
ùлһâûʱ֮ΧĿռ֣˲˲ָ۷״ֱ̬ӲĽ뵽붨״̬ΧЩռϵɹ鼺á
Ȼ֪˭ȻܹǾֻˣ
⴦ֱҲֻˣԺҲи˵Ķˣ
СһȻѾͨԣʼղ࣬Ҳ޷ĸ飡
붨״̬ţȻĳһɲǼ䣬Ŀһŵö塣
ʵܼ򵥣ʲô֮ȻȴеһöΪģ
⡭ǡ
һֱۺǲҪȥȴļԥŨŨǸΡ
ʱΧĿռѾմ˸֮ʣһ˫ۡ
ǡ
һ˫ۣкԻǵԼΪɿ޵ĸвͱɣ
۾һܿע⵽ˣλǰʲôط
ǰ
Լĳƺ˲Цһ£漴Ҳ֪ʲôطѾʮ֮ã

ԣʱŴ͡
ʮꣿôã
쾪ȵģȴǺǺһЦ㲻ʶˣŶҲԣȷʶôء
˵ĻֻӫƣΰθһЩϵļҲŤűΪӡ֮һ

ûĸ
ʮյȻʧʮ֮õ

ֻɬ˫ʪǲ
֣ѾܾûﺰˣǲӦֻЩš
ӣҵҵĶӣ
Ǹ֣Ǹûĳƺʱ棬һѽ챧˻У
ʮʱѾ˴ˣʮѾҪ߳һЩʮδĸˣ·ѾΧһУ໥ӵˮҪǮƵ
Ȼûнʲô֤ҵö壬Լ˿ֳ̳ݾ˵һˣ
ڶԷӶûκεĻɣ
ʱʮ׸ߣΪСһɿ޺ȻߣСһĴ۾ĴǣƺЩԣò˴ı仯ϵϢôϤĻҪΪðˡ
𡭡
ɿ޺Ȼͺ˼һ
ģ
޴ɿ޵ɲǣ͵ǰɫ֡
֮ǰʮ׸ߵɿ޾Ͳʮ׸ߵָкεʵ
첻żԼʮδĸףô
Ϊ˸ףԸһУԼ
Ȼܣס콫ǧý˳
ȻɿȴǱһһ˫˫У¶־ɫ
ܿȴǱܺĶеǧýǰצͼָȥȴΪҪչɵȻ
ס֣
ľٶܸжȴҲĿŴ򶷷һͬʱɿ޵м䡣


993 ӽ̸

˷ٶʱɫһ䣬Ķʮ׸ߵɿޣɫ쳣š
ɲϣʱʮ͸ۣٴ
İɣûµģ
ŤͷļЦ˺ҵģ
ţ
һȴǾȵķ֣ǰʮ׸ɿһ˫۾У¶ɫ֮ǰЩԵĲ
СһҵĶӣ㻹Сһ㣿
ɿ޵۳ǡСһȴֱʮ׸߻Сһֱһɽ
𡭡
ĻɿĵͺһȴǾȵĿУӴۿɼٶȼСգۼѾһֻʮִССһӾͬһֻèƵģԵüΪɿɰղ־޴Ȼͬ˸Сһɸղŵɿ
Сһ
֣СһһԾĻУֻһ˫۾ɿ죬ƺźܶɻ
ǡ
ǲʵȴЦЦҸȡСգƽҲֱӽСһǺǡıô󣬵ȴɿ޲ͬɿ֮еߣв˼άΨһĲ˵ѣ˵һУܹöģ
Сաɿеߡ
ĻǾȣȴǺܿĽǧýջڣҲûٱֳʲô⡣
ΪЩ꣬ҲСһ飬Ȼһ˻֪ô
ḧСյĺ󱳣̾ĵÿΪŬͻӡ磬뿪ռžۣңСյİæۿ໹а¾Ҫɹˣɡ
˵һ̾ЦѣΪȴû뵽ڼɹʱ㾹ȻҲĪǣ𣿡
ô£ʲôطУΪʲôȻʧ٣üʵ
Ҫʮյǰһ˵ˡ
ʻ˻䣬ڽš
ʮգ˵һΪҪϲ£үүԨİұ׼Ҫһϲ
ȻϲûɣȴǰһҹȻӵұɵĴţ˵ѰҵɩˣҲĸףӶľص׼ȷϢϹȥ
˼˲÷ֱαټϵʱұϵһֱܲҲûжɱֱȥˣû뵽Ǵεȴȴһƺ˵ıұһɲǣ˾޴ΣУұ˵Χ£ҪĹͷ֪ӺδһǽֱӴұ˲ƴ͵
ʮʱ䣬һֱڴ˴޷ѣȻȻҲͲܸǴŽ͡
ҲΪʲôʼЩԨүΪԭټ캣ѰҶʼ޷ҵκ˿һƺͳʵΪгɵʱøδҲѰᶨһЩ
΢΢һʵףЩһֱɸղ˵ͻȥΪΣ
Ǻǡ
ԣЦЦһָŪŻеСգһָΧռ䣬ʵ֪ʲôط
֪ӦһΪĶռ䣬ǿռкܶɿ棡ص
˵Ķԣ
ͷӦΪʱʵǳ죬ǰڶѣͷûȫ֣ʣʵͻƴ˴Ҫ뿪ƿռ֮⣬;ԣΪЩһŬһԵ棬ͼһĵһֻͨҪּͨӵʱ䣬㹻Ϊ뿪ˣ
ԭˣ
ף漴Ц¾ͨҲΣգ֮ǰҵľǺܱҵģ
ģ㽫ԼڿռûзУûʱеľȫ˳Ȼȴ΢΢һЦ˵˵һΪ֪ΪѾСտ˽⵽
ЩɫЦЦҵ˼ǣһʱͨȻСյİæ뿪Ȼռ֮⣬ȷڵĺܶռС˵ȴ㲻ʲôֻҪ뿪Сվܹ˳ĴҴӿռ뿪

ĬĬף֪Բ١
ռ˵ȷһذĵطɿЩطħ˵ռҲǴȥʲôΣ˵еСգ䱾һߴʮ׵ľɿˡ
ȻˣǸ׸ղΪʲôأѵļƻʲô仯𣿡ͷʵ
Ǻǣ˵Ҳйأ
ʻЦЦҲûʲôǸӶ˾ͶЩʱٳȥǣ
ô£ü
СһЩҪʱָܻ
˵ԣ¿¾ҪǸӶΪˣ
Ŷԭˣǵðɣ
һȻȴ֪ΪΣԼ׻Щû˵ֻ꣬˵Ҳȥǿѯʲô
ˣղ˵ʱΪһ壡
뵽ʲôƵģȻʵΪ㾹Ȼʥʵô£Ŷʮ갡ġ
Ҷѣ
ЦЦ漴һͬϯضһԺҺ˵˵뿪֮ҵɣǵöʵǺɹһģűǶԼ
컺Σûһ׵Ρ
ֻν⸣
Ȼʧ٣ôҲӦòܱݺȻҲܱͷϹԶ£ҲȻΪ캣а٣аֱԾҵһүʵ͵λ
ֻǣӷָһʮ֮ã˼һȥأ
ôһ㽲ʱ֮ãȻκƣ̬ʱʱѯĳЩϸڣ䵱ѾŮ˵ʱ򣬸ǿĲѡ
û뵽ǣҾȻҵһ֧
⻹һ㣬ǾǶľˡ
Ͷľصۣ档
ֻҪܹȥôһžۣôЩδй֣֮
һʱ֮䣬Ҫȥĳ嶯ң޲һ뿪ȥǸѾʮδӣȥԨͷʮʮļͥ룬ﵽ˼¡
ȻȴǺȻ뵽һ㣬һĨϧֻȴûб췢ˡ
ˣף
콲֮ȴЩɻʵʱھȻʥʵѵҲʲô𣿡


994 ʺѪĿռ䣬
ʻǿһЦ˵ȷҲ˵ϣ
ģɵĻ⵽ʲô˼
Сһڵϣղ˵һʮĿռ䣡ռ䲻ͬΧС֮ܶ⣬ȴŵر֮ʱҸµſҲˣ
ŵر֮⣬оʮʺĵط
ָǰͷЩХĺ磬Ц°빦ЧҲõ߻ħҾãֻҪʱ㹻ĻͻʥﵽҲǲܵģ

Щ쾪ȵŴͣⲻܰɣʥԺڿռô죿ƺİɣ
ʵҲԼֱڶûŪ׵ĵط
ҡҡͷεʼֻ֪˿õģֻҪʵˣռ䷽ûʲôӰ죬ȫ˳ͻƣƺûһţ

Ǳסˡ
ĵطֱδδš
ģǺЦҪĵطΪʵô죬Ѿʥ۷ľ磡ĻΪԴﵽʥأ
ҪڶⷬƶĻ϶᲻֪ж˾ˡ
Ȼ쵹ûл˵׵ǵûϸ̽ĻܲûһԵʰɣ
ҲʵڲһֱڻɣǷСЩɿйأҡҡͷص
ɿйأ
ԣһ䣬ڳһɿվˣף˵᲻йأ
ϣСռɿվ˵ɲǣȴֱƲƲ죬ƺɿվΪмѰɿԵĲͬ컹ĻᱻСոأȴû뵽Ĳм
ǴɿǱɱİɣ
ЦЦ֮ǰҲЩɣ޷ȥ֤ǶǴЩ龧˵ĵȷȷźЧֻĵطҲһĲ࣡
Ŷ
ͷɿվպãֵɿ޲Ǻϲ־ôŶˣǽ龧ˣ
ǲԼȡֶѣ
ЦôжãҲı䱾ʣ˵ҲһЩ̺ˣ޷СմȥʲôʵԵСղŻԵòмһˣ
ʵͬħһ
ھżħ޵УЩһħ޵ħֻһЩʵĴ˵һٿһħҲ𲻵ʲôԵã
ʵˣȻ۹͸ߣܿЩ۵Ķ
ϢϢҴȥһĵط˵
Ϣھȥɣ
һЦŵڸоԼܺãǰδеĺãӦǵҷʲôԵʰɣ
Ǻãھߣ
Ҳ˵ʲôһڿճǰȥǽ󣬶СԭأǸطǽȥģҲ֪ΪʲôԹ˺üΣǱֱӵ˳öֻ֮Ҫʱᵽй䣬ʱʱȥһЩŵرҲ⡣
ʮӺѾƬХĵ
֮ǰĴãȴ˱亮һ㣬絶һĺεۣȻһȴָо·Ѫ˲ȫȻٸŨһʱȷ˴ȷ縸˵һʥء
ֻǣûоҲȷ˵ûΣˣܹһգ¶൱ʮ죬һ֮ˡ
ܾƺרΪѪ֮裡Ȼ˵
ţΪʲô
ֻ֪һָоصĸо
ص˵СձΪɿޣֻҪпռڵĵطȥģСȴôҲеɿ޶ˣ
ֻΪֻеһˣûԹ˰ɣЦǺǵĵ

ͷЦղһڵҲ
ǺǣֻеԺ˵ˣ
ЦЦ˵ԺǷֻϧһ뿪ˣӦþûжĻ¾ôãҲʼղܺͼžȣ˵ǰɣ
ǰһѡԸ뿪ʲôãǳȥθûʲô𣡡εĵͷӦ

飬ɵҲ̾һ
ţˣ
һɲǣһ£Ȼȥʲôҵ
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Ҳ֣ж൹ùҲˡ
ںص֮ǰڵλ֮ʱСſڵϣǰгֵŨռҲˣֻȿռ֮󿴿ʲôˡ
ЩЦá
֮ǰʮʮʱУûɽվȻԼ֮⻹ˣ˻ǲأ
ռԽԽŨĿռ֮ռƵģűһӰӿռλøֶ
üֻռֵ֮ӰЩϤ
ְ֣
Ӱ컹ûӦɲǣӰȻ״ӿռз˳һȻǵӰһ⳯ȥ
ңڷйλڲϵСȵ컳еʱȴѾ±ĴСһСŮǾ֮ǰǵӰֻһλð㡭
ְְ֣֣ҵˣء㣡
С컳УŤСӲҪǮƵƴգۼѾǰȫʪ
ԼӵŮŮ
ڱϿֱ֮ǰĽѾ֪Ĵڣȴû뵽ν棬ǵһۼڶһŨŨϲ޲ñڻкݺϼڡ
˺ˣˣ
òףĽοֱ֤һٸȺʰЦգ۾滨ģȴ
ְָ˵λǡ
챧ǰҪ׼˵ʲôʱȴĳſ˫ۣؽеүү
үү
ʱ¶Цݵ֣컳нӹȥཱུһڣǵֱЦЩ죬ԼûأСô֪ˣ
үһŵְ֣߰ô֪үүģ
үүǰְֵİְѽ
Сӻعͷҧָĵ֪أ
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Ȼţ֪ĻǾԲģȻŮȴκһŮҪö࣬һӹɣ

˼ׯ԰ľԺУҪ黷˵ûµʱ򣬶ʱڳŵȫҲ֪ǲû뵽û˵үүĴڣҲΪҪĸļ洴˺ܺõ
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997 취ع鲢ݳǣ
պڹ˼ׯ⴦ԺУ˶ϲһϴ޾Цݡ
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òϣûռѷĻһžۻõϺóһʱ䡣
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ݳǣѾʮûȴ˿κİǲݶǵʯϣͶľں棬飬Ѻλϱ棬רŻӹҪһһҵǣǰ棬ʱʱĽһЩ·̣ѡһЩʱ
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Ϊ˵ԵʣҲûȥʲô֮ȴҲŨŨУΪԨԵʣҲǺүһЩȻʮû໥İһЩȴڼʱȴ
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998 Ƶ
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ƳкиϤϤÿѵʱҶƵģָоʵʵʱҶֲ嵽ξʵˣ
أ
ģûˣ
ɰ磬춪һΪĵİۣЦ˵үҼңܲ׼ʱϴ裬ȻרŹ˵Щİɣ
ϷʵĻһΡ
ʱȴ˹Ǹ̥ǵɻεĿЦȻǣιʵͳ˵һ׼һ֮ȥ緽ĻʱҰɣ⣬ʱҶǣ
ôҪȥˣ
Ļƶʱһ˵ʵڵģû׼
ţˣ
ףץһιζܲϲʲôȻѾˣҾˣסһ£
˵꣬컹תߣóЩ㵣漴뿪ԺıӰȴֳճյЦôôЩǱأ
ЦЦţƲһ죬ͷԼװ磬ɵðһڣ㶼ûԱٵĻصķ䣬һٴߺ첻ѡ


999 ټˮ
ӳ뿪ܿصּңֻԺųұµǸƲ̥ǣ
ûãһȴ˵ĸоʶȴָұ֤˵һӵȷǵһμټϾݳ˵ЩξɵĪϤ
⵽ô£
üͷν˼⣬صּңҲװɻ
ǵһʱ䷢쳣ɵ磬ôˣǲڳʲô飿
ԱߣѺŮҲǳȥ
ȴҡҡͷЦû£ˣϵĶ
أүүֲ˵ص
Ŷ
ףϣ豭һƺˮ¶ȶûо
Ů״໥һۡ
ΪŮˣôܸо״
˵ûϵҲšֻ첻Ը˵Ҳöʲô
Լڵʵڳҵг˳λү֮⣬һ˻в
үҲ󣬾ԲֵжԵ
һȴǸŮɻˡ
ˣ죡
վһΪżһʵǲǻؼ֮󣬾Ҫȥˣ
ţѾͳ˵ˣһ֮ǱߣͷӦ
ҡȥһѧԺ
Ѽ뿪Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹٻˣȥܣ
Ҳ룡
Ҳ֮˵Ȼû˵ʲô֪϶ȥһ˱̲󣬱Ͼﻹĸףı㡣
ɣԼȥһЩҪ죡
һ˵ѽȥѧԺǱߣҺʹ˵һпܵĻֻҪԸ⣬Ҷһȥ򣬱ϾǱܹҪһЩ
飬Ҳȥһˣͱ㣬Ҳ˵ǸǴУ
ĻŮٶЩɣǺܿĵͷӦ
һŮߣ˵Ҫһ֮Żȥģʱ䷽浹㹻

ʱʮʱٴλصпѡ
˴λͶľ֮⣬Ҳֻ죬ˡ
صĵһ£ϸϸĽһ飬ÿһ·ļƵģʱʱ̾һľ棬ָ֮Уֻ䶼ˣǰ
죬ȥ׼ˣҲعһεʽ³ΪľܹһԼӵգȻڼ䣬Ҳٲļȡ
û˷̣һںԺУһʳһ߸΢磬ĺƣǱһζ
ԴӳһεŸ׺ĸһͬԷ˿̶տԱ߳żȣûйš
ȥҺȲһȥˣԷ;УȻ˵

⻰һΪʲôѽϵүүǻǱߵأҪүү֪Ϣ϶ܿĵģˣҺ˵ɣүүҵĳˣǺǣ
˵ˣ֪ģ
ף漴ԵһǾȲһȥҺڻԪ½ϵ߿ЩûлЩİˣ
ľڱЦȫҸ
ɷͶӶߣǶľ׷򵥵Ҹ
ܼ򵥣ȴܰ
ޡ
ڸĸӹȻĵͷϷЦԭϵһ簡˵ˣ֪ˣʲôȵǾò˲ŻǣҿŶ
СӣϹ˵ʲôأ
ĻľضʱûĶ䣬һۡ
ȻľѾʮ꣬ȴòɣ˿̬˷ٶͬŮһһС
ҲǺٺֱЦȷ˵¡
һֱԶľغΣòٴؾּۣԼǰɾͣ泩ֻһͷǾǺúõԼӣԲЩķ롣
ǣڶʱ򣬸ĸˣֻһţ쿴ĿЦá
˵ʵڵģҲͬԼĸȥ棬ȻѾСʵȴһʱ䲢ܹ˴λܹӵԷֺγһأ
ߣǵʵ˵Ԫ½ˣҲߵãȫȫȥġ

ӭܵǹأ˵ɰСˣ
ˮ¥֮ʱ֪Ϣˮһʱһͬӭ˳
ˮˣЦŵ
ˮ
ҲǴ˵ˮЦݸӲãѾͷһڣǼ򵥵кһԹԵǣѾͷСֳȥ쿴ֱεҡҡͷԼŮֱ̫ܻӭˡ
үɣϵһơ
Ͽˣ룡
΢΢ףһͬŶУ˴ЩʶĻƺͿǷ׷ײ֡
Ƕˮ¥˽⣬ǲݳڵļͼλһԵϰүӶȻԳӭҪǣôᣬҲ̫˧ôܹϰ˶Դ
˵ϴ˿̿רͬأ
ˮĶܿ죬ϵͬ¥żʱѾڷ˸СԣĴسԣˮڱЦĿһУʱʱĸѾͷ죬էһͬĸһ㡭
ְ֣԰ˮ̵ĶúóŶ
̽еΪﻹŶԵʣ˵ĻЩ岻
Сӣһ㶼ûˮ˵ллЦõĵ
ˣˣҿʲô
ˮûĳ춪һۣ漴СѾͷúóԣϺԱߵɳ£һվˮ󡭡
˵ˮֻϵһϰԾٶѡ
ܵרŹòֻѪҵİɣ֮ˮϣǰԲĴ¶һ룬Ȼһ򵥵ˣȴԾԳޱߵջ
Ц죬һ˫ƻ˵һ㣬ѡ
ҾһԺǰȥ򣡡
ϰߣҲûжı仯ǵ
һ£
أѾˮ˵ҹ飬˻ˮҲǵһʱ㷴Ӧ

ףλҲû̫ʱ䣡ֻЩϵԲֵǱ߻ʲô飬һ֮ȥˮ㷽Ļһºһȥɣ
Ȼܵܶô˵ˣǽôܹܾأ
ˮЦŵͷӦǾ˵Ŷһ£ʱܵɲҪ͵͵ߣȻҿǻĵŶ


1000 ҹӰϢ
첻òϣԼʶŮ˵УˮΪĵһ
еСӣԴӸԺѾ˺ܶ࣬ͬŮ񣬶ȴɰ˵һԸɣˮӣٸԼΪǵ˼άҲŮܹƽһһŮķ緶
Ůӣƣҵ۶вͬ˵ǾŮζĶˣջĻҪˮһ
ĵõ壬ŵͬʱܹ˵ע⣡
õд̣ΪˮջĵĻôȴ˵ĽضһҲ̶õĽ
˵Ͼ˻ͷˡ
Ǻãɣ
ҴΪ֪ͨ飬ʹ˸ǣ
ܵ
ˮס죬ǰԹĵôѵڽһҲУѵһ𣿡
Ҳ˼
ԵԵԴ˿ˮְԹȻ֪װģȴԾ⡣
ǾҵģڽԷˣôˮɵĵ
⡭ðɣȻˮСԵӦ£ˣ
ʵЩܾģˮӣ־ܾĻȴôҲ˵ڡ
ߺߣ⻹࣡
ˮǺߺһ漴ϣ鷳Ըȥúú׼⣬һЩСǵүûкģ
ǣС㣡
ϵͷת˳ȥҪܾҲûü
Ȼ۾ȴûκ𣡱Ͼʵֵز۾𵽵Ѿֻ̫ҪֵķΧڣ¾ǵ壬ҲѲǡ
ʱϻˣżˮ¥ĻƣȻͬڲݶǵˮ¥һЩȫ䷼ŮÿһȻ̸ϳ㣬ȴҲǧҲѹˮ¥һֱôãﲻŮҲʧΪһ¡
ÿһжһ̣װŸָСֵֹġ
ܵܣȥɣʲôϵģǽ͸ˣ
ˮЦ˵ͬʱҲк磬һִѪơ
ֻǣЩСȻֹ֣ȴҲûʲô̫õģ򵥵ɨһۺ㲻ٹעѾͷǼΧȥʱʱһЩСϸ۲죬úÿģɫƯı£ڱϿͷߣˮЦݣƺ޲ѾͷжȫƵġ
ˮ¥һ緹츸Ů˱뿪ˣȻԼҲѾɣһ֮ˮһͬǰߣ˵²һ𣬵Ȼʲô飬ҲδʣҲûʲôϵ
һʱ䣬Ѿͷй䣬ȻԾɲ̫󣬵ȴԾѾͷǿģЦûôʧ
ʱ֣֮ǲŻص˼С
ϴ֮ԹԵϴ˯һĴϣͨһº󼴽ȥϢ֪ͨ˺ڤľκȻˣǾѡֵεʮ˶飬ʱһͬǰ
лһϢǾںڤеѪɫǾޱѾʽаɷӶźһ𣬳ΪаɷӶŵһ֡
ľΣκȻǾޱټеİ°׷һͬǰȥ
ȣľκȻǱҪȥģΪǻҪаɷѡʮˣϾԼǸ˦ƹֻľκȻŶЩָơ
ΣľŮˣǾޱҲκȻʽȷ˹ϵܲȥЩԧɣ
Դ˷ҲľǸˣֻǰ׷һСĵݣǸİɡð׷Ļ˵ǣôûзֿǰҲһ
¾μ޸ľκȻǾޱʽˣҲҪסһ
ľͨţ׼ȥ·˯֮ʱȴͻأɫһ䣬ΪһӰմӶķгԶȥٶ֮˲ƣ
ʲôˣ
ԥͨ̽鷢Ѿͷ˯ĺ㣬״֮ʹ˲ֱӳǵӰ׷˹ȥ
գۼ䣬ӰһǰһıѾԶķΧĵ·ʹУٶȼȡüε˲㣬ƺӰǰƵģǸʱӰı·ߣ޷ǰ
ôоҺ˽⣿
üͷҪԪΧռ޷ߵɲǣǺӰǺȻʧˡ
ûֱʧ
׵ʧһռ䲨û
ô£
Ȳͣܣ˳ͷ֮ɵüͷԽ塣
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춸Ȼɫ䣬ԥһ˲ƻص˼С
һʱ䣬Ѿͷķ䣬ڴ˯ʮʱŵ
ְ֣ôˣ
׼ת뿪֮ʱԴЩʵСӴӴС۾ǲӡ
û£ְ־ǹ㣡ѾͷԹ˯ɣ
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ЦõӦ£ʱСѾͷ˷ܵؽһʱҲ˯˫ۣ֪Ҫһ˯ʱڿĵͬʱȴĵЩСɬѾŮܲ׵˼ĸɵ
ϧҹע޷ߣΪ׼Ů˯ʱ򣬾ˡ
Ҳˣ캣˴󻤷֮һıۻ
̣
ɲǣҲԹԵĽһʱĲѡ
ˣѾͷǣԼԹ˯ɣְֺлҪ˵
ã
ʱ򣬹ɵѾͷҲûΪѣܿĹԹڴϣʱѾ磡ϾǺӣ˯ҲȽϿ죬ϾСӱȽϵȥ̫ࡣ
ܽ㣬׺£㾹ȻԹԺУһʵ
а٣ҲȲѣղŲŵõϢ
ӹ豭ûȣȻڵļҪɽУħ̱򸽽ɽΪأѾвٵħ޳򸽽
ħޱ
Ϣʱɫһݣܽղ˵ħ޳򸽽ж
ûУһûУ
ıҲʱúܹŹ֣ҲΪʲôҹ˼Щħǽӵʲôֻǳǰ˹ʱҲỹֱŤͷܣɢȥ֮Ǳٴλ


1001 ޣ
ڶ򣬵ȻеȻ磬Լŵˡ
μа٣
μСС㣡
ĳԺʱ˱볯ǹ
кȻͬΪ캣˴󻤷Ľ
̡
ͬòĴкȻ캣λСС㣬Ľ̵£κ˶ò˿ûκư̬֮
λССԽԽɰˣ
Цŷֱ˱СѾͷŶа٣ǽȥ˵ɣ
ţ
ͷԸɢȥ󣬱һͬڣˣ
Ƕܺ棬ȻһΣȴûôúõˣ
УףȴǺֱӵĵ㣬Ҵô˵
ûаɽħ޹Źֱ鱨ȥʻܸɴࡣ
ٷԸҵһа£аҪ󣬸ʱˣص
Ρ
ĻֱЦá
ϹٷƣĲúõϢϢⶼһ¾ҪȥǱˣǵ
ðɣ֪ˣ
εĵͷ߻ʲôϢˣҵôˣƺû
һжƽҪЩħ޲ṥˣ
صҼƺķҲδң²֪òȥ֪ͨǣ
ǾȲ֪ͨˣ
ֵӺ÷ڿ϶ڴأܲǶºӻɣ
а˵ǣӦ
˶ٺϢǵ˻ر˵ֵħкȷĵȼֲԽħ޵ȼԽͣڶħޣԶһЩ弶ɽڸΪٸ߼߼ϣƺԾɽУǷУҲȷΪǵ˸޷ӽɽ˵ȥһ̽ˣ
˵Ϣʵ̫׼ȷֻƾһĲ²⣿ʵ
Ȼ룬òϵȷˣЦŵͷ
а٣ǸɴֱӴɱȥô
ڱ˵ҾͲˣЩħֵܹùôˣ
У
ҡͷ򲻵ѣǲô򷴶̼ЩħޣǿʼȺɵĺһ룡ң˵ֻɽһ𣿡
ԣ
ӦǵõĿɿϢԪ½ϣħ޵ɽ϶Σƺ֯Ƶģ˷ѽ⣡
ҲһͷˮʵҲǼʶˣȴδֵ顣
ɣȵȵȣԼȥ˵⣬ҿ磬ǵܣǲȥӴħޣ
ǣҵ
ܿ죬˭֪Ӧŵֱڿգɽķ򻺻ȥ
Ӹ£ԽеһȻΪԵ֡
һȦȦħޣһ㣬Եü뷽Ǻϣ̫
Ϊĳӣһħ޷ֲĺйɣħȺУвٵ˫ȴûκδ򶷵ļһľԵôг
ĺ֣
￪⣬ڰУü·ħȺ˼⡣
ϣԼܱطӰܶƺܶץסħ޲ṥ˵ʱԴȡħֻϧЩħȴܵúܿ죬ټЩħȺЩ˵Ŀĸ޷ɹ
ѵ˵ɽзʲô飿
üëչĿ⳯ɽķȥ
Ȼ֪￴ʲôЩصȴһֱš
룬ô½Ļ½ɽȻԪ½ϵɽΪģԪ½пܸȥ֣֮
ֻǣԣ״Ĳֻɽһɽʲô鷢ֻܼԭأ˼һЩܿԽµİ취
ﲻܽǾ͸˵طˣ
²ҿ¶޷ȥˣ
ˣڵʵʲôǿУ򲻹ܵõȥ˵
뵽һڰͣʮӵΣ㾶ֱǰɽǱ߷˹ȥ
ˣˣ
һ·ͣȻԭʧȳֵʱѾصϵǴԺ䡣
а٣
ԺУڶ캣·׷׹
ְְ֣֡
ҲͣˣܵߣһһҵĽ䱧סܵʲôίƵġ
а٣ˣ
Ҳ߹ЦõĵλСС˵㵥ȥˣΪȥʲôأ涼ĲˣǸŮ˰Ƭ̶ֿܷ
⻰ͷѾͷȥЦõĸ˸ǵԴЦ˺ˣˣְֲǲҪˣԣȥɣ
⻰ѾͷſһЩȴû뿪һ촷ȣһ찴ֱۣӿЦѡ
Ҳûȥ˵ʲôɫһĵ㣬ܽ㣬ҾҪŪµԭǲźö֢ҩٶȽ
Ҳ֪
ĻһۣЦа٣̸ףɽ޷룬˵ص㣬Щħ޵İΧУ뿪򶼺ѣѵǿԲɽǱ߾Ͳ鵽ԭ𣿡
Ҳ֮˵ܽ˵Ĳа٣˵˿ɾ൱ǰ˵
˭˵ǰ˵ˣ
췭һۣȴȽҴ£óڵļѾͷֵģҲ¶һĨ簮Цݡ
㲻Ųæ̬ȣʱ
а٣Ӵҵаٵܵܣ㵽ʲôֱ˵ɣˣ˲ָģŤˮ󣬷Ľ󱳲ĥ䡭
ĿЦãȴԾż죬Ψִһ㡣
Ҿ˵ҵܽôôعˣԭװİ
ЦǺǵ˵ʱһֱסĲӣݺݡĵ˵˵Ҫ㲻˵ôʰ㣿
찡Ҫıɱ˵˵ˣ˵ô
װµӣæİ취ʵܼ򵥣ĸ֣˵ţ쳯Ůĸָ˻Ρ
ˣˣ˵ߴٵ
ʱЩ̲סˣԱĦȭƣٸҲ˵Ļ㽫һͬ
˵
ŮǲĿУ켱æҵİ취ǡޣ
ޣʲô˼
Ůһܲ⡣Ѳǵλа٣бħԼڧʲô취


1002 Ⱥ뺣йأ
ǲĿУ΢΢һЦֱϰ׹˸ѩﹷĿɰģǰ
ѩƣ
羪һ˹ȥѩƱסСһﲻϡءţÿĿ⳯ȣȴæֻҪѩƣСһӲˣҲû취
СߴأҲɣ
΢΢һЦȴһ£漴Цְ֣֪Сߴɣ
£ΪѩľСߴҲ֣֮ߴߴߴĽиͣʱܿѩƣСߴ
ѩƵοСߴȴֺõСŪЦࡣ
ÿɰ
òϣСһȷŮ
Ҳһ˲˫۷Ź⣬æȥҪ׿ѩƱûǿѩƱһϣûиŮӡ
а١
аٵܵܡ
ʱԹĳȥҲεЦҡͷǱңҲû취ѩһϲ˱ģ
ߣ
һΣȴһҲûж˵ʲôϾҲа٣ǲ¶ѡ
ƽʱô쿪ЦԣȴҲǿȥʲô
һĵаٵܵܣòǣ˵޾СһԶԸЩħްɣ
Сһʵ̫СһЩǹȥ¸Щħ춼ء
ܽ㻹˵׼ˣƺĲһЩ
ЦЦ漴°ͣҪһ
һ
ĻŮһ
Ҳû˵ʲôѩƺǿĿУȽһԣֱץѩƺСߴĿɰģһЦóܿϵѾڼѧԺռе
Ŀĺܼ򵥣Сɹæ
ȻҪ̱ӦСٶȳ߸

ϹѩʨϹѩľԼԻ徫ѪɫҽΪϾС𣬴ʱѾȫǰ
ѩƺСߴڽ£Сڵأվǰ棬ǰɽ齲˳ʵĿҲܼ򵥣һȥ̽
ķԸһﶼǹɵĵͷֻЩᣬСѾͷǵĻʲô⣬ȴҲûз˼
ˣȥɣסҲСһЩ˻ֵ
ء
ߴߴ
𡭡
ѩƣСߴԼСһӦһ漴θڿն𣬻ͬɫ⳯ɽķٶȥ¾ϵ˿ЩҲƲܷǵӰٶ֮ѰߵĿܹ׽˵ģ
ְ֡
ס֣۾գѽգģǵġ
ˣСѾͷ
ǺһЦӵϱİɣǲµģ
ǣ˼Ҿ᲻
С죬˵ʵڵģѩƣСߴС飬Ǻܺõѣܲģ
а٣ô죿ܾܲһֱŰɣʵ
òϣȷСһϸо˲һϢҪƾȥ飬ƺ̫ܰɣ
Ȼֻеˣ
Ц׵֪ڵʲôİɣֻȥ̽ϢѣֵĻǣ
ѩ֮źϵܾжԶѩƶԽһֱӴ䵽ߣټѩƵʵڵСҲ˵һܹӮѩǰȥ̽ҲòˣϾҲһ֡
ȻУһֱǽǵѿ
ʱȻ캳ذĴͬŲͬһװصϵ˶źԴķ˹ȥ
ʲô
ÿֲţ񶼱ȫòʲôǿħ޳˰ɣ
찡̫ˣ
ٵ˷׷׾첻ѣЩС˸ֱӻԼУŴȫգΨΣջϽ١
ȻҲֲͬС֣Цѩ̫ˣ
а٣ǸղСһ﷢ģȵ
ţ
΢΢һЦ֮ǰˮɽб޺𣬲ǴλҪڸӵһЩ쵹û˿֡
֪׷ʲôô
һͷŤͷŮʵ
ţ
Ů̲סںͬʱͷ
Ǻð죡ߣɣ
΢΢һЦǱڿճȥһۣȴǼæ
˷ɿİϣ·һĻȴ춼ЩĿɿڴ˵ˣΨ컳вϵֽкãǱ챧ţСѾͷ¶Ҫֱȥˡ
ѩƣСߴСһͬ׳һ㣬վͷ֮ĸħǰʱʱĽϼȻ󣬵ȴЩħڵصӺݺݲ¡׵İУСϾ򱣳һ׶೤ĽСӣʲôħ޸ڷ̸£צϻɼǵ˿ڡ
ȺһĻȷ˴Ҽ𺳣Լû뵽СһﾹȻѡôȥ
⡭
㿴ңģСһľٶžȡ
а٣֪СıӦһѩƺСߴıʲô
ֵʵôȺ޵ңСڸǴְɣôܣ
Ǻǡûʲôܵ飡
ЦЦȴûжشתˣڶòˣǻȥŰɣţܿͿԵõˣ
ĹأŮҲûٶʲôһͬصϰĵȺ
ȻǻŰʱңںŮ˵ȻƬ̼ϸֳһĨ֮ɫȻֲ̬֮
ôˣŮǲ⣬ǲѩ֮ϵ
£Щ鷳ˣ
Цѩ״ʮ֮˾뺣йأ
뺣йأ
Ůһаٵܵܣ㲻߽㣬˵ĺֻǶߵ޾֮ɣ
ǣ
ЦףΪ޾֮һͷʥޣЩħ֮ˣȫǶʥ޵һֳݣ
ʥޡݡ
˵ıӹ졣
⻰ôԽԽ췽ҹ̷
ŮЩŵӣεļҴȥһ˺⣬Ҫһ𣿡
ȥ⣿ô죿æ
ô죿£
ʼ磬ЦһѩСһĿأЩħ޲ʲô춯ߣµĸԴں⣬ǲȥĻһʥ޳ħǷʲôĻ룡ԣ֮Ǳزˣ


1003 ȥ⣬ټѪƽ׹
ĻŮǰԵ˵ͷ
Ƕ˶ٺֵܽ㣬鷳ȥ֪ͨһ´ͷǣ˵һ£пܵĻǽϢͬɽطǲҪħ޲ȡκжԷħ̼ܵı
õģ֪ˣ
صͷ߻УӺ˳аٵܵܣѾ֪ˣ˵һж˵ȥ죬Ǹһȥ⣡²Ϊ̻ǧҪȥƴ
ţ
ף漴Ŀӹ
û˵ʲôСѾͷƺоʲôֱһһҵס֣˫۾ȫǿĿ⡭
ְ֣Ҫһȥҧ촽Ǽᶨĵ
ԣҪһ𣡰ְ֣붪ҺãҲʮּᶨ
аٵܵܣλСС㻹湻˽İ
һĻЦųҲЦѡ
ְ֡
̵̬ȣûйעһֱץ죬ΨһͻʧƵġ
˺ˣְִһ˰ɣЦõĵ
Ү̫ˣ
ְˣࣣ
ӦѾͷʱ˷ܲѣԭȸԾ˺ü£Ūεҡҡͷ

޾֮һռĲСӰȻ
ܱߣԴһ˿ζĺ粻ϴΧտԼӵЩԼһ泩˺ܶࡣ
Ȼȴͬ˹һĿ죬˫ε𾪡
һ̻ıԺھֱӳ˵ʲô
˵õ˲ƣʥǿר˲ư
ôˣôʲôЩ΢㶡
аٵܵܡ
ȻޱĵĽַϣḧޱȻĽҵĺõܵܣԹԸ߽㣬ǲѾʥˣ
ҲǺĽ죬֮ɫɲ
һΪʲô˵أԭ
һЦʥ˵ܽ㣬ɱջˣȻҿɿƲסԼһڰԵ
ʥаٵܵܣô˵ʥˣûзſջϣŽ޵ĺ촽Ķһ֮жʱĶ
Цѣæһܽ㣬ɱٱˣȻҿҪҵĹŮһˣ
ȥģ
ҲЩ죬һں۶ûĵΪ˭ѽһأߺߣҪΪʥǿ߾˲𣡺ߺߣ
ԣԣ
һͷȴûע⵽һŵĨԹ
ԱߣҲ֡
ǿʥǿ߰ڻԪ½Ͽ˵վ˾۷Ĵڣ
ˣ˵ЩˣʲôʵܹҲ캣аٲǣ
ʼ磬漴ܽ㣬㣬ԵƬ̣ҿܲϵһѣ
ѣ
ĻŮһаپȻں⻹ѣòЩνĺӶɣ
Ҳδʲô˫ۺ㼱ɢ˿ȴǣܵ˺ˣƺǵĴ죬Ƕ˵Сࡣ
ʱ˫ۣЩʧεĵѲڰˣȥһط
ʧͬʱ뵽Լ֮ǰľ˵ΣȥһľǼǸѪƽ׹군ĵ죡˵ħ޴ڣħ޽Ϊʥ޵ĻǸ켫пǴеĿĵأ
ͨһ㣬ϵʧɢȥ١
ˣ
кѾͷһ漴ܽ㣬㣬ǻץңȥһط
ã
ŮҲûж˵ʲôܿ˲뿪˽µĵ죬ٴγֵʱȴѾһ˺ܶĵ죬էһͬСʹ½Ƶġ
аٵܵܣʲôطΧüʵ
֮ǸַħޣȻߵĲ弶ѣȴܶ࣬Щˡ
ǵ΢һЩֲͬħ޵ĺ·ħ԰һȷЩľս
һħ޵ľۼأ
΢΢һЦص㹻õĻϾͿԽˣ
㹻ã
һ漴ȵ˼ò˵Ǹʥ޵ĵ̰ɣ
ܣ
ͷȴЦã˵аٵܵܣԴˮ˰ɣʥޣǼܻ𣿾ѾʥˣҲʥ޵Ķְɣ
ԣҲǵͷ͡
˭˵һҪʥ޴ˣ
Ůֱӷһ̸ۣв𣿡
̸С
⻰һŮʥ̸УҲó
֪֮ǰ춼ѾѪƽ׹׵Ļôأ
ʵںܶʱħ޵ĳŵҪȲеİֵһЩ
ְ֣㿴ʲô
ʱŵŵŵĳ˹лһȭͷԴĵ˸ӨӨĺ⣬Ϊÿ
ǡ
ЩЦã군ǵ㺦ľǵô
첻òɣĺԵ֣
ŹȥðȻһαҵһͬһ
ְְ֣֡
ЩʧģС졣

عæнǸ군˹ȥСѾͷ֣ɲͨĶ
𡭡
ʱһϤ޺Զǰһκӿ漴һ޴ڹӺгǱƽֱ߰һݵĴԺ׵ܹһ˺Ƭټ֮ǿѹȣɫ䣬綼æ󡭡
۷Ź⣬ϲĵۡôڹ갡
ţСѾͷǶ᲻һеĳȥڹζˡ
а٣ô죿ֳֳ
Ǻǣİɣûµģ
ЦЦܽ㣬㣬Ǹҿ磡ȥȥ
ȥȥȥĶ
Ů⣬ܿǾͱסˣΪǸֱĳǾ޴ڹȥŵЦݡ
þòϹ꣡
ĿУǾ޴ڹǰľ޴ڹԴ
ʱǸȵķ֣ԭڵľ޴ڹ꾹ȻڴʱƽѺõĳ˵ͷЩɵеǸ
ΪǸĺӣҲǵպ׵Ѫƽ׹꣡
ˣôֵĿң
ЦǺǵĵ㺢ǱŮҵģⲻ׼㣬ˣǼԺȷ㺢չ˵øһЩŶһˣ
𡭡
Ѫƽ׹ͺ˼˿ûκλ˵˼
ⷬгĻ棬ʱĿ࣬򻶿С֣ﲻϽšְ֮Ļ


1004 ʥޣ¹
˵Ϲ꣬ĺӴŻжóֱӿǴĹ걳ϣʵ
𡭡
ʲôһꣿ
Ϲ˼ʱôôʱ䣿˵ôһֱûһ룿òʲôһİɣ
𡭡
⻰Ѫƽ׹ʱ˶ӣֱŪĵء
˺ˣҲǿЦҲˣЦУ
ƲƲ죬¿ڹ걳ϣһɢİй군һԵϹ꣬ףô
𡭡
ʲôףİɣܼ򵥵ģ
ЦӦʱԶһġְ֡
ŤͷȥÿĿʱҲˡ
ɣģûµģ
֣Ƕʱϲ쳣æǱ˹
Ѫƽ׹ʵûע⵽ǵĴڣֻΪԵʣҲûбֳʲô⣬ʱ˵ĽӽȴЩ춯ϵصͺš
Ϲ꣬ţҸһ£İɣǶûκεģ켱æ
ְ֡
ܿ죬ߣЩ⣬ȴǺ˴۾ǰ޴ڹ꣬ЩҪȥֵĻᱻҧֳ̬ѾͷԽԳֿɰ
ûµģ
ץСѪƽ׹걳ϸЦǺǵĵְֺѣ
̫ˣ
˷ܲѣʱϹȴ֪ΪΣȻеľ裬ǸΪԴӣǴȰ쿴ֱ񡭡
ǰħ֮ʱɵΪĽ
ϹĹ걳ЦƵĵ˵ϹҲ̫һЩ˰ɣҵŮ㾹Ȼôֺ
𡭡
Ѫƽ׹ͺ˼Եĳ춪һĨм֮ɫ
ðɣӮˣ
Цõ˦˦ͷűǼĴ¾ֱ˹걳ѾͷĵıģõС顣
һĻĵҲеţϾǹ걳ɲطһǵϹº밡
ҺãǵĵûзѪƽ׹겻ûиչֳȰ֮ɫƳ߶ϲ
ֽһ飬ϹҲܸӵĳŮʮѺõĵͷ
ˣ磬ˣɣ
һŽѾͷ£漴군ȥźãĶõľͷŻĶȥ
Ϲ겢ûбֳκε⣬ƺʱУֻԼĺӶû⡣
һĻӶޱȵĺ棬Щʱ룬Īĳʥ޻ΣҪȻôħ֮ﵽޱȺгĵز
ˣϹ꣬˵°ɣ
˵ĿľΪ㣬֮ǰУû֣ҺҵĺӣȻ֪Ҫдأ
𡭡
Ѫƽ׹ͺǿЦãҿûǱǱУҪ֪⺣ħ޺ࣿҪǰǶɱˣ㻹óŪң
˵°ɣ½һЩħ޵Σܶħ޶ڳ߳ݣ˵߳һͷʥޣ¶ɣʵ
𡭡Ѫƽ׹Դһ˿ɻ;衣
ңҪʲôĻô˵Щ
һʱϹ˼ûĵ˵㿴ܲܽһλʥǰʶЩҪ˵˵
𡭡
⻰Ϲ̳˼ҡԴ
Ҳǫˣ֮ǰϹȻָܹӵöЩħޣĵλͣ˵㲻ʶΪһ𣿡Ʋ
Ѫƽ׹ҡͷûĻһ
Ϲ꣬ôͲ˹
ֲҪʥǰ˵ˣǼʵǸҲûǸ
һ㵱ѣôŪңߣУҪĻҲûˣ
ּⷬϹ֮췽ʽֱ۽磡ôҲŻ飡
ȻĻУϹȴɺܼᶨҡԴƺô˵ȻͬƵġ
УϹУҾͲ鷳ˣ
ߺߵĵҰһ飬ҾͲԼҲѾģ߰ɣ
𡭡
ĻϹʱЩš
Ƕ˽һЩʵľٶôϵڶħ޿϶ͻˡ
Ҫǣһ쳤ʱҲ˭ұ֤һŭ֮´ɱ䣿
𡭡
Ѫƽ׹겻ϳͺţȴƲƲ죬ߺߵˣԼң˻һЩʱ䣡ߣҿɲϹ鷳
ְ֣ͬȥˣʱȴǺȻĵ
ͬ⣿
ԣٴƲСѾͷںŪأ
𡭡
ϹЩˣͺҧס·һ˦㽫˦˹걳ϣ˼ͺš
̣̣ѽ˵Ҳȥһʱµ
Ϲ걳
⻰ЩԥܿߴǷĵĴŮſٵϹ걳һȥһ𣬵Ȼ졣
𡭡
ϹͺһȻӿٶȳȥֻһ࣬ٶȴѰħ޿ܵٶ٣ʱǹ걳ϣЦٴδϹ룬Χħ޷׷ֶһֺĴһˣȴûһ鷳

˶ʮӣ⵺һٲǰΧǰһ׵ˮ̶ٲˮϽˮ
Ҫǣٲˮ̶ҫ£һʰ֮Уǲòһ
𡭡
Ϲʾǰٲͺ˼漴˾ȵĿУˮֹٲȻмֿһɫâűһͷ¹̤ƶ
ûһͷ¹
һͷ̤ɫƲʵ¹˫ߴһԽɫĳȶÿһεȶŽɫĹ˸֮У
ۡƯ
ʱ磬
Ҫң
¹ɹˮ̶ǰվ¹˵ԡ
࣬ݺˣŮһ㡣
Ȼͷ¹ǴеĿˡ
ǰ
ǷǷûĻǰıӦ¹ɵİɣ
ǿԽһƣҸԼȡ֣
ƣܺ
΢Ц׵ôС㣬ˡðһ䣬߼˫ǺΪʲôҾܹиܵ˵Ϣ
Ϊҵĸ׾Ƿˣ
ƵҲûܿĵзѪҵıӦǽ¹


1005 ͻ̸УҪ
¹ˡ֪δ˵˵
Ⲣ㣡
ư˰¹ףҿϽʣһˣˣ࣬˵ɣù̴ңҪʲôѵǲ֪Ľǹ̴ǹƾóȻϵһҾͿԽȫնɱڴˣ
ºУȴǴ˿˿ȻɱΣ
˵ڻҲΣ
СǧҪᣬǶûж⣡
켱æҺϹѣʣҶжĻǰ㣿
ν£Ƽûشֵ̣ôˣԲ´Σȥɣ
𡭡
Ѫƽ׹ԴʾԻƵĹһۣų滺ȥ
ȻǰĻǾԵߣѪƽ׹Ļ˿ɡ
࣬òҪȦӣȻҶ㲻Ѫƽ׹뿪󣬻ֵ
˫ȶĽɫ⻪׷ƣµɫƶѤöĿǱĲƣƿģǵɫ˲˲١
ȻСôɴ࣬ҲȦˣ
֮ȻʣС֪½ħ춯ڳŻСĤݣ
֪Ҳ뵽
Ƶػص֮ǰͻﵽʥ޲ΣʱȻû콵󣬵ֻҪ඼ܹĸо
ǲ֪СԴкο
ΪʲôҪп
ЦֲôģôֱңЩװɣ࣬ĪΪһƺ۸𣿡
²ң
ǷǷصǰһǹϲС㣬С棬Щħ޸λǺ֮ɱ¾룬СҲϣһĻɣ
ǺǣĿİ
һ˫۾ɨ죬ЦżΪʲôҪӦ㣿࣬ҲǣУǲӦñɱȡħ𣿻Ҳһֽɱȡħ˼ɣʥޣħѰʵ
Сˣ
ҡҡͷҲ޴⣡ߣԻСʵκεĻ㲻ûиоɣ
ˣǿˣ
ƺû˺˵ȥ£ƻƮҪ뿪
С
״켱æСǴӦµ󣿡
ҴӦ𣿡
ƯϷƵĵҸ㣬ҲȥܣɱҶͬ飿浱һƽʥ֮ȴЩҪ˵ûκ춯ɱ࣬Ҳκ飡
⻰˵Եľܾˣĺ塣
뿪󣬻ƱЩħչʱԪ½ضһѪȣħ޵ĴսҲȻ¾Ԫ֮Ҳû취Ա˵ʵ͵ˡ

켱æС㣬ѵ֪һħ֮Ĵսض޾𣿾ʥޣҲһʥֵ֮Ķְɣ
ţ
⻰ƶȻ˫һĨâвң
ֻ˵һѣħǿȴ࣡һһһУôʮһٴһأħ޻ηˣ
浽һ̣Сһڵģ
һƴ֪ʲôڣ
죬ɱ⾡ţ࣬ҿǹ̵ѣһ棡ٸҶ˵һ䣬ұ֤ǽȥҪҵԣҶûһøУ߰ɣ
˵꣬ƹת㳯ٲķȥ˿ΧħϢϻۣƺֻҪٲ뿪ЩħޱȺ֮
ô
ЩüҲ̫˵ˡ
ѵĲħ޵
ҲѾʥޣ˵šʥ¼ΪϡĻôħ˵ˣ
ʥУֻҪ漰Ⱥôħ޾ˣҲûʲôϵ
뵽һ㣬ɫԽһЩüͷЩ޿κΡ
¹㣡
ʱĿڣֻԵ쳣
ԱߣŮʱɫһ䣬æҪס˵Ҫʥ޵ķŭǽտ¾Σˡ
ȴ磬һŮֱ֣ӳǰĻ˹ȥ
СС㡭
ŮѣҲ˲ɫȻȴܿƽһ԰
а٣⡭
ŮЩüûٶ˵ʲôСѾͷѾܵǰˮ̶ߣͷǰϿյĻƴ˵¹㣬ΪʲôӦְأְǺˣõİְ֣
Ƶ¹ףĿ𽥴ӱºһЩһ˿ɡ
սȭͷ۾ضǰĽ¹һʲôԥֱӳ֣¶ԷʥҲϧ
һĻûз
ǻڴһȴǼΪº͵ĵСѾͷʲô֣
ҽ

߶˼ȴǺ½Ŀ⿴죬ĵ࣬ϣҿԴӦ󣡲ҪҲҪӦ
ʲôüӦ
һҪһ£Ƽ
⡭
ԸüȴЦģҶûκζ⣡
ۺۣ
ʱûӦ㵱Сִĵ¹㣬ɲһ氡
ԣƺǳ¹ףƺʮֿƵģһĻǸΪ⡣

ɫȻĵ㲻Ļˣְִߣ
ְ֣ĺµŶ
ܿĵĵСԴ˵Ҿ¹ܺõģ
㰡
첻֪ΪʲôȻ˽ԴӦ˽⣬п϶ЩɣֻԼ벻ͨѡ
С㣬ǲ֪ڶҪʲô˶٣תʵ
Ȼ֪еʲôλôʥʵ϶ŷͬһļ
ƻڶҪҪһˣ
ˣ
һŻǰĻ˸ûϵ
ˣ
˵䣬ͷϵ¹ǺȻһâûԺʱһ˵ӰԺиֳ·ǿӡһ㣬
ע⵽׼ʲôȴȵ㲻֪˭ֻҪҵɣҸʱ䣬֮㲻ҵˣôͱҲˣ
ã꣡
Ϊ˽ǰ飬ҲòҧӦ¡


1006 ˾ռ屻а
»صϵʱ򣬳Լ֮⣬ֻˣ类˺ϣ
аٵܵܣôʹӦλССأ
˲ƻصԺУڶ캣˶ºųüԹҪλССʲô飬ҿô죿
ܽ˵Ĳ
ҲڱӦа٣ͲӦôӦֱӻǣĻֱǰλССǱߵʰһʥλССǣ
ûôأ
ЦŰ˰֣ǻС㲻ʲôģ
Ϊʲôô϶
ߺߵĵѵ˵Լ˽Ǹ𣿡
˽˵ϣȷ˺СѾͷǣ
ƶ򾲵Ŀ
ʱ˵ɽ֮еħ޶糱ˮˣ˻صɽУ
С㻹ŵԣ
¶һĨЦݣҲûȥˣ
ʱ漱ٶѩƣСߴССһ
ѩ˵컳УСߴվļϣСͷǹɡ
Сһвѣǵķʽ
˺ˣ֪ǹͺܴ󣬵Ȼȥ֮н
ЦõСһԴ漴ԸСȻǱߣصģ
𡭡
Сɵĵ˵ףȻһɫ⳯ԶȥƬ̼ʧǰ
ܽ㣬㣬鷳ҲԸ˸ѩƺСߴ׼һԵģ
˵ţ漴СһŶԴʾǸųȥ
ء
ߴߴ
СһɵͷŸһεȥҳԵģһԺУԭЦݵɫȴ˲
֪ΪΣ˵ʥ޽¹ȻѾħȥ⼴ֵħ֮ĴսҲΣӦøеܸ˲ŶԣȴǺһּΪ֮У·ʲô·Ƶġ
Ϊָо˲ʱҹѩƺСߴԵò֮ǣֱӴСһ˲ƻصϡ
ѩƻãԻֱұۣСߴȴΪڵԵʣֻ죬ʹ˲ƶ챧СһģҺСߴźǲʣҲûΪ˲ƳֵĿռ֮ʲô⡣
ʱң֮⣬ֻʣԼˣϺǿЦ
Ϣһҹո𴲳Թ͵ʱȴ
û뵽˾Ȼ캣ڲݳǵʮʹ֮һݶ¥ϰ塣
μа٣
󣬱̹ĳ
ˣض񣡡
˰֣ЦòҲܲ
лаٿ佱
´һаٻ㱨
飿ԣʱɫһǰֲ֮ٴγ֡
ǵģаٲģ
Ӧһһɫŷ⣬ʱɫȻ١
캣дϢһΪɫɫͨɫԼɫɫҲͬ
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·ûһ㣬˫΢кâ˸¿Ҫ֪ͨһܼңϾ޹Ҳܼҵˣֻһ˽Ů


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1009 ơѪ¡쫷
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1010 Ի飬񽣣
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ԣ˷׷ס
˾ռ֮Щϵ飬Ԫ½ϼ˲֪˲ȻҲЩи߼ԣѰͨҲֻ˵һЩԶѡ
ˣղ˵˾޹Ķ˾룬ҲǳСĸɶʧˣϹԶʵ
ţ
ף漴ͷӣ˼Ī˵ЩѪ֯ץҪѰҵĳЩ飬ܣ
֮⣬벻ĽͣϹԶӦ
ĻǾ鷳ˣ
ǳصĵҵѪ֯ȻȲ޹ĺӣôСô֪飿ߣѪЩҪ˽ЩĻӦǴֲŶԣѾɱˣ
˵ϹԶҲǰͷһͬ벻ĵط
˾벻һСӣӱˣ֪Щʲô
ͷӣ²⣬ѪпܵľݵĶ򣬻ǻԪ½ĳУʵ
ϹʱΪ򣬵ȷѪ֯ĳ֮أ
ʻϹԶüԵںǿƴѹУѪҪصĻôпܱЩܻԪ½α仯չҲδ˵ѪµϢԣһʱ֮仹Ĳж
Ϲʦ
Ȼ䣬۾һѪ»᲻֣
ţ
⻰ڵļ˶ʱɫ䣬ϹԶصĶһֿۣʵ̫ˡ
ϾѪӦûд˾ռеõҪĶܽߣĶĻѪֵĿԾԳ˳ɣֻһδεѪ
Ԫ½ϣйصļƺֻ˾ռһʵ
˵ˣϾܶļиԵĵ̺ʹУ屾ǰǿʢʱ漰½һ˭ָұ֤ûУ
ϹԶô˵ЩȻӲȷˡ
ԣһѪٴζֵĻǶû취ǰźƣһ͸鷳ˡ
ڿֻйˣ˶עɣѪµĴڣͷӣ˵ҪҪ֪ͨȥԵ
ȲҪ˵ȥֻţ
ϹԶصһ֪ͨϼһǸԿԼһʲô״ҲܹʱӦϣ̫أԴңԪ½һΪҵѣ
ðɣڿҲֻˣ
ĬĬס
˵׼һ֮ȥģˮͳǱ߶֪ͨˣɰڵʱ佫޵ӳ
뵽첻Цһ£ֱֻϰ
ƺ룬ϹԶº룬ԵСӣ㲻ǴҪȥ𣿡
ڻȥ𣿡Ц
ȥΪʲôȥ
ϹԶԵ˭Ҳұ֤ѪµڻԪ½ǶҪչˣСҵˣǱҲԼԣûǹȥҪʱ֪ͨȥ
ͷҪ˫°
ܿϹԶ˼׵ǺãҾͰԭƻһ֮ǰȥֻͷӣȥǱ߻Ҫ죬ǹڳƺˮģҴӦǵģܲԶŰɣ
˭㲻ȥˣ
ϹԶûĵֻȥ֪ͨЩǼԷԼ鲻ˣϢˣ֪ͨǣ

⻰쵱Цһ£ͷʾס
漴ȴڱ˵ʦ˼ҿ˵һŶԪ½ȫͬĿռ䣬Ҳ𲻵ãô֪ͨܲһ˰ɣ
԰ͷӣⰡҲȻ˵
Ϊ˵ô
ϹԶôӵ۵ģһС̸ֳ
СһģһǾӨ͸ƷԵʮС磬ϽŮʱ۾һϾƯĶŮǵ
ȴǵһʱоСصĿռ䲨´ʱϹԶϣһʱƿռĸо
ͷӣǺöɣ㾹Ȼһֱ˽һһ㶼֪ûĵ
˽Сӣ㻹˵Ųǰһ㣿Ϊڵʥأ͸ǰţ
ϹԶۣȴϰߣ˿Ϊİ˰֣Ʋˣͷӣ⵽ʲôֱ˵ɣ
СӣҴ򣡡
ϹԶûĺһԵо⴫񽣣ͬĿռ䣬ֻҪ񽣵ʥϵʵ໥ϵ֪֮˶ٱ
ô棿
˶ʱ´æùȥٴϸ۲
ӦǺϵռ䲨йذɣ
һ߹۲죬һ˵⣬滹пƲͬʵȴϵһ·õľӦЩ԰ɣ
Сӣ۹⻹ǿ
ϹԶʼ磬˵֮⣬񽣵ĲҲǼҪģСӣܲܿʲôʣ
˵꣬ϹԶһϷʵĿ⿴죬ʱƲƲ죬ߵҿ֪ˣ
ôǺǡ
ϹԶһЦϷʸȴڼӵĹ۲üͷ壬ΪҲʶ㣬߻Ԫ½ĸֲҲ˸飬ɽʾ֭Ȼ벻⵽ʲôʡ
һʱ䣬ЩЦáϴչϽŮҲһͷˮ춼Ȳ͸Ӳ֪ˡ
ˣǰɣ
ϹԶȣЦǰӺѰҵһֱΪǬ񾧣ʱҼұԪ½طҲֻҵȭͷСôһ飬־ʱĴսСƳ¾УҲǼ亱ı
˵ЩʱϹԶЩ԰


1011 Ѫ֣һ٣
Ǭ񾧣
˵һİ֣ڼΪʶˣȴҲǵһ˵
ԣϹԶ԰֮ʱҶ㿴ңģһԻ󲻽⡣
ϹԶ״ʱͷߣҲ˲ϱģˣӵ۵ЩСһֱ̫ʧˣôǬ񾧶û˵
ϻ
ҲͬһۣҪȥ˵˵ʮ˵û֪
ʦǬ񾧵ʲôñ鵹ǴչȥǺʵ
ǰϹʦʲô֪̫ᣬʶ٣ôܺ¸صǰأǿ˵˵ɣҲ
Ȼûпڴߴ٣һ˫žԵĺ档
쵹ĲмȻҲģͷӵ˽⣬Ȼ˵Ǭĸ֣ôһͳ
ϹԶҲ룬ûĵСӣѾҪ첻ǿ²̫߳ˣߣôһͽܣҵĹԹͽϱôϹ˰ȳأ
ˣϼһҲǰˣߺߣϿûкҩԵģ
ƲҪ˵˵˵һԸأ
Сӣ㣬㡭
ϹԶòУǸԹͽϱֺУȴҲûкһʶߺߵĵһۣͽϱǣҸǰǬеǬ֣죡򵥵˵ҲԶǬǬĲ֣궼һܹ
ǬƿãҲ֮ǰܵռ䲨ֲֻãܹﵽͬռ໥ϵЧ
Ϸǽ£ֶڷָǬγĴ󷨣ֻҪʥʵ֮˽伤ܹ໥
ϹԶĻ˶ʮϸǺȻԵͷӣ㳶Զˣ˵Ǭ񾧣û˵񽣣ǲˣ˵Щǰˣ
СӣҴ򣡡
ϹԶ׵ֱӳ֣⧲֮±һУɵһʹϹԶǵˣƾһ£¾ҪİС
ʦˣ˵ɣЩ۵ĵ
ããģСһƽϣ
ϹԶǵɪĳһƵһۣǬ񰡣еľɣȭͷôСһ飬ҪǧʱɹһҪΪŨǬǬľڣʱ͸ˣ
Ŷԭʦ˼ҿ˲ֱܹҵüЦķţϹԶӵɪ
ƲƲ죬ʾȴתҲǶǬ񾧲˼Ȥ

Ȼ֪˾ռ屻һ¶Ѫ֯Ϊ㲻ǿн캣˾ΧǸɢȥҲ֮صϡ
Ȼ飬ԼŮҲǸһϹԶȥˮɽȥˣϾѪ֯һ¶ɾԲСܹڲɻҵ£Ԫ½˶Ա
캣ϹԶλԷԸȫжøָķѰѪ֮֯˵ľ٣ϣܹ֮ǰҵ
ǲģ
֮һѪˡ
صϲݵĳ̼ңһСļ壬һֱ̫
һҹ֮žûһ£˾ռ˵һѪµıǶû£˵ڶ챻زȱʬ֮⣬ֻгѪȵӣ˵ҹĲҡ
ϲݵ켫ʥ߻켫˸ϵ̼ҵʱֻһصѪȣȫȻûһ
֮ǰ˾ռ飬ԼϹԶ֪ͨ켫һʱѾ뵽ʱȻѪ֯Ѳ˸ϵֻϧһ
İʱУԪ½гݣϲ֮вԪݣԼݶ̷˺˾ռ֣һѪÿһѪһҹ֮ɣȫǱţһصĲѪȡ
ÿһŲҰַʮƣʴ˿ȷ˵ضѪ֯Ϊ
ΪԪ½ʥߣλʥǿޱŭȻѪ¶ǵƣ
ֻϧ̲õļѪԺѪ֯ûٴζñѾ׼˵ȫջѪ֮˵һëû֣˵ץסеĳЩˡ
գѾǴµʱȥۿò˶ñҪǰȥ򣬿Ѫ֯ټûҵ˾ϢҲһ㣬ＫΪĲ
֮⣬ں⵺Żͷ¹ʥ޵绹δЩģ˵һµʱ䣬ڹȥѾͷӻûСԼ
ʱˮɽϣȴŻԪ½еʥȫۣһɫѿѡ
Ѫµ˵׶Ķ
켫Щӣµ˶ཫԪ½һ飬ûҵκټѲ𣿡
ǰ
λʥҲ׷ףܾãǺ֪һ֣ƺеǼϼһ˼
Ϲ٣ˮô
ԱߣԪİ齫߿ϹԶĪˮ༸Ҳ׷תͷȥ
ϹԶȻڻԪ½ûʥ֮ʵȴ֮ǿһټ֮ǰѾʥıˮɲĪˮ¾ʥһ֣һǷĶ֡
˵ϹԶ⻹һӼõأ
ղŻϵ˵أ
˵ĿУϹԶɫǰδеأ켫Ե
˵ģ
켫ͷǽ½һ飬أôһû鵽
Ϲ˼˵ȥ򣿡
ԪİüǣҲЩ԰ȥĻȻʹÿռ洫ҲضǿҵĿռ䲨ǵʵǲûвġ
ķڡ
ȻԪİ˵ʱĪˮȴǺԵ֮⣬һֿܣһֱǴϰԺ˵Ŀܣ
ʲôܣ˵ʵ
Ƕ֪ѪϹʱڱ伣˵ģΪǱ𣬵ڿض躹ޣһֱڰд洢
ĪˮԵǴڻԪ½ϵڰڣûз֣Ҳܲ鲻κôҲֻһֿܣѾ뵽˻Ԫ½ϵ˵УƽʱѰ죬һӵĳ˲Ѫµˣ
Īˮ˵ڳ˵ɫ˲ޱѿ
ҪҵѪ֮˾͸ӼˣܲܰѻԪ½ϵȫֱһɣ
һʱ֮䣬ڳ㿴ңģֵĺ


1012 ۣ
֮ϹԶλڵȷֿܣһѪµڽŪѪ֮󣬱ǲ֪ķʽȥ򣬶ڶˮԣǻΪɢڻԪ½Ѱ˵Сһֻ֣ܹǼӽѪ
˻˾Ƿ׷׵˵ͷ
ϹԶλȥǱߣѾȥ֪֮ͨ۷Ѫµ飡Ѫȥ¶Ȼ¶˿ܿԣһֿܾ΢ܹǷһЩ
ڶֿܵĻǾֻʱԼҪԸֵε˼СģһѪµ˻֣ܶԶǶҪһʱϹȥ
˵ɱһǧһҪȫǧܸѪκεĿɳ֮
ϹԶ˵棬Ѿһ˿
ô˵Ļڳλʥ̾ͻ֮Աǣ˻ǳϹԶ죬Ǿȫһˡ
ף
λʥ߷׷ףͬϹԶ˵
ʱԪİȴǺԵˣϹ٣ղ˵ҪȥѶǲҲҪһ𣿡
ѶϵܵͽܳƣϧӵͽҲҪһ𣬵Ȼ͸ǲܺǳСӷֿˣϹԶӦ
ʱϹԶĻ켫λ켫ʥߵɫЩ졣
̲С飬ʥԪİ֮ͽѣϧ֮ͽСŮ޶ŮˣѾǲ˶֪飬ͽܳƺŮһ𣬺˵ƶŮ֮һƵġ
ðɣ켫ϳƵȷ֮עĻԵԵֵòһԵпģҪ֮ദˡ
ԼΨһͽΪ˵СĻС壬켫Щƺʲô͵һ
ƺ˻켫룬ϹԶһĨϷʣû켫òֱһʱҲ׷ЦѣΪѪ¼صڴʱҲԵ˲١
ˡλȻȥ˰ɣסղ飬úðȥмǲɸѪ֯κοɳ֮
գĪˮĻ˷׷ɢȥǴҶ뿪ϹԶɫٴγһЩ
Īˮ״󣬺ΪżϹ٣ǲȥһ򣿡
֪ߣˮĪ
ϹԶͷĪˮǰһˮİĦһεĵʮǰҾͲκˣǳСһ鷳ȫ˹ҲǱΰ
ʲôʱȥҺһ𣡡ĪˮûȰ˵ԵһˣôδܷʲôҲҪһԣ
ȻĪˮʱ˵ãֵÿ϶Ķʦõ
Īˮ˵ϹԶδӦֻס˫裬˾;رƣſҷԵ㺻ӣȾüΪܰ

µȲμү
ˮɽʥ۵ʱҵȴһȺˣľκȻΪףкǾޱΣ°׷Ů飬ټаɷӶžѡʮϵľ֮ˡ
ˣɣ
̧̧֣ʱ׼ȥһ˺⵺콫ӻģȴû뵽ʱľǻϹ
ǶϢ֮ǳԸ
ǣү
Ӧŵܿ˵İ·ֱסٴ׼뿪ʱȴǿЦõӭˡ
ˮ¥ϰ壬ˮҵˮ
֮ҵĴү磬Сơ
ôһˣЩЦĵ
ôҵܵܣӭǰˮһЦ˳Ŷһİۡ
ˮˮ¥У뵹ǺܽʱҲʵҪǳöˡ
أصˮͳҲ˿СֻǳƲ֪ΪΣˮװ۵ľٶ֮ʱȴ뵽Լ֮ɵö΢죬ھĸоǷš
˼֣дţ
ջǳ糯칰˹֣Цʱ䣬֮󼴽ǰöǰҲǵµֵ飡ܱȳٵҪһЩ
Ǻǡ˵Ҳǣ
ЦЦǸո򣬾ˮ¥ʱˮϰţһѯ֮²֪ˮϰҲרҵģһ·ͬУ
ԭˣ
ףλɣλһҵļ
аɷӶģϢһֱûж֪˽ҲΪаɷӶŹϵѡ
ԣھ֮󣬳λĳүʱЩЦ֣صĹû뵽аɷģڤǸħ̵꣬ҲӦڱȫְ֧ɣֲûôǱأ
ˣ
ЦЦڵ𲽳תƣҲ˴δľʮˡаɷӶŵĹϵȥҲûбҪʵڣȴҲ㹻ЩС
ҪǣһаɷŻҲչڳǰʱͬסԻԼ˵⽫ʲôҪᣡ

Щ˵첻ò˽ȥĴ㡣
Ͼô˶ˣΪڼУһûò飬ܲϽŮȥЩ˰ɣ
ҹһԹ֮Ժ졣
ΪǰԵʣ쵹Ҳû̫࣬һЩſ򵥽ܳҪ˵ʵ˴һＫ𺳣
ʥǿߣڻԪ½˵ǴھԵ۷壬Уﵽʥؼϣ򣬷˭Ҳ̫š¾һʥصˣһǿĵˣµȴҲֻ֮һ;
һ㣬˱ǰ˷齽١
ȻҶܴˣĽܺһĶɫ𾪵ͬʱ־Ȼƺڴȥָ֮Ӵ̼
ҹʱ֣ɢȥԻطϢˮҲûҶԼ֮峿ٴۣҡҷκһΪ֮Ѫ˻ȥ
ôû˯
»ԺУһӰǳơ
˿ȴǻߣɫЩ죬뵽յΣĿⲻĳұȥ
ֻϧγƴȹһжڵúʵû͸۵
㲻Ҳһû˯𣿡
ûлͷĵôȥλòǱϳŵİɣ
ǺǡĻ᣿
ڨЦӣǱϳġ
Ļ˵ڼôˣҪǶ̫ĻǻҪҪˣû˵󷨸㱻˳
ţѺҲˣҲ֪ǲѾ˵ģעҪҹؿչ롯


1013 һǵȻѾͷ
ģתͷϷʣ˵ˣ
ðɣСʴӱҵȷ޷
εʼ磬ֱԱߵϣһóһƺƱʾһ
ã
ҲֱӴƺԼԹԵһΪԵʣԽ
ô
ЩЦãҲԼһƣȴδֻ꣬һڱ£ʵСҹôˣȻ£
ô
ĻƲ̧һ£Ե˵Һ˯˻Σô룿
Ρ
ƴԣһ漴ڨڨЦЦĲ֪νӿڡ
ؼǵãյĳУȷ˵ˣԴӼһֱͬһΣеĻģȴӦǶƲ̥йأ쵱տɲֹһεĿǸ̥ǣΪ·ԵʣһС
ʣָȥӿأ
Ǻǡ
ⷬģһЦЦȴЩɬ
죬Ҳ֪ȥôοֻܶƱƣǲ˵ģȾƣ
ãȾƣ
ƶƱ漴˽֮һٴǰƺƣһȴҲûж˵ʲôǽǣһƻһĺΣһֱǴϻ۵˫ʱֳһʣҹ»£ȴֱȻ󡭡
죬ǲǾҺֺ֣һȻʵ
֣Ϊʲôô˵
ǺǡΪҽ궼ʮˣûнһѣ˼˺ʦ֮⣬˵ֶûƿЦ

ٴβ֪νӿڡ
ȴûǵļʵԼҲ֪ô£ÿνӴ˵ʱºǶ˵һ仰ﶼַ񣬺ÿһƵģ

⻰һѵ˵ƾȻϲĻŮˣ
ɣⲻ̫һЩ
ǲǵã㿴ҵʱ򡭡
Ʋ֪ô룬Ȼ̧ˮ˫˹һĨɬҲ֪ô£ҾȻû񣬶̥ǵʱһһǰδеĸо
ƣˣæ
ûУôܻ죬ǲƲң㲻Ǻ뿴ҵ̥ھ͸㿴㿴
˵䣬վͣǱߴ˹ȥ
ǸǶȣԿ·˶˫壬ɵֻȴܿıͷȥ
ɳȴûôŹʯߵǰҡҡλεƺʱᵹأգۼһ𣬳ƵĽ޺촽ļϣǰɿһƬѩף촹Ŀɼ
Ȥҵһˣáˣ
Щˣϵ죬Ȼ̸ϴйȴԼԼȴһļջ
ƣˣطϢɣ
һǵһԪƵæԱȥ
ȵȡ
Щʵ˫ΪǵԪһЩȴһĨɬĽס졣
ôפʵ
У
ҧҧֱӴӺ汧ס죬Щ̵ϣһɳȴԵ𶯣
죬ҳҸղŵȷЩˣ˵Ķģ
еһжģȷƭ˲ٵˣûƭ㣡

쾲Ĭô໥ߵǰ컹ظо˶˫ļѹ
ꡭ
Ҫ˵ʲôƵָȴǷĴϡ
֪˵ʲôģûк˼
ҧŴҽǲѣˣҴδԹĸоô
δԹĸо
˶ʱɫһѲŮ˾ȻӲϹ
Ȼܿ죬ˡ
ΪһŽ޻ȵĺ촽Ѿס죬ͬƤСƵڲһֲܿƵĳ嶯·бŵһע˵ӣ
һɲǼ䣬·ʱ䶼һȫͣ٣ֻʣһŮǾǣ
Ȼ컹ǳƶûпǳұµƶ̥ǣȴһʱз˵ĺ⡣
죬лл㣡
֪ȥãƺһѽƿٵĳķȥءһŹرգһվǶЦãһֱǿȵοЦ
ҡҡͷֽʯϵľƺƱպã߻Լ䡣
˿̵ĳƣȴڽյķϣĽѣŨŨɬ¹˺üӣԾɾԼ٣ڽҹ־ٶԾĻŵ˼㡣

ڶһ磬ƺҹ飬һ糣ҲûȥἰǾŵʲôûһ
ҵǣҲûκע⵽Щ
ְְ֣֡
Թ緹ȻϿմʹڳ˶ʱĿ⳯ȥ
ʲôħޣƯ
Ǻһͷ¹ɣ찡Ȼ̤ɫƲʣнɫĳ⻹¹𣿡
̫Ưˣһֻ¹Ǹöã
ڻ¹ϣȴûСһȫȻƯ׷̾첻ѡ
ҲЩ죬û뵽ƾȻСѾͷ
磬˵ʥ޻ƣǸ¹ĵ
ȡѺŮ˵ףұ֤˵ѾͷκΣգȻŮѾͷϲһ²ϴ
ţ
ףҲûж˵ʲôλڿգ˻ǰ
С㣬лŮ칰˹֣Ц
أ
ȴԵļΪ߰ĵ֮ĽףԵУ죬ҪסԺ󲻹ܷ£Ҫܵ˺һƱؽ׷ɱĺǣݣ
⻰ѾѾͷĹϲǾ䡮ݡˡ
ƽ׵İɣС㣡
¹㣬ô˵ѽְֶǿɺˣ㲻׼ôвְ֣ȻɲϲŶڻƱϣĵ
Ǿǣְõİְְֻ֣ҪãҲͷ
ǰ
ƿЦõҡҡ¹ף漴·ָָ˱һۣһѾͷһεĻֱŷɵǰλһʹ⳯Զȥٶ֮쾹˲Ҳ˶١
죬סӦҵĻȻұ֤Իܺڣ
һƮƮĻУӿЦã۰Ůܵ˺أ
ֻǣƵ̬ȴܲ⣬ƺԼЩ˵Ĺ졭


1014 ǰУ
ƾôˣƺڳ粻㣬֮⣬ûܹۡ
ȻʥҲԼĸ߰಻мһҲ֮е飡
裡̣㣡ҿǿ
ʱһ˵ϽŮǰһ˵ǵ˼ħ޵һڵţŮԼԱߵ˶ýζ
ֻǣѾͷĳǲһЩһ¶һģȴҲûм˵飬ϵղǻͷ¹飬˳
˺ˣɢˣ
쵣Ѿͷţɢȥ
Ȼʱȴؾһ衯ֱӴ黳з˹ȥ
һ衯ȴøոԶһЩ˷׷ŤͷлгƵĴ磬Ҵү硣
ͳһΣ˶һַɿıͷȥ֮ʲôƵġ
裬衭
ϵͷڳƻжţԱʾԳƵ˼
衯֮ʣȴҲŮüòǵȷЩԴס
һֱǶ۰ԶɼɾȻȲһơ
ǵĳƺԳƵĳƺȻֻ֣ʵϻ˵ڱ˵Уȴȫͬĺ壡
ڨڨһЦæٴλôɢȥͳƸΪΡ

ʦʦôˣ
ڶ죬ͬ£Īˮͼõ£֮ںϹԶȴǺü۵غСӣϹǲǣûҲСĪǰҵ͸˶Դ
ͷֲûûţԼ߽а
ֱӶһۣûߵҪҪҸɴȥӣȻ̧
Сӣң
ϹԶ߽һƨλϣҿСԽԽˣ治֪ҵǲϹۣȻûûεļһﵱͽܣ
Сúϻ
һƲ죬ܿʦͶʦﵹһȲ裬Ȼ˳ҲϹԶͷҲһ
˳ֻ˳ŵģ
ʦλʦ
Ϲʦλʦã
ŮҲϢ̸˹̷ҡ
磬һʱųƴǳȥˣȻҪľó޷ܾ
ҵԹͽϱãĳЩСӾһǣϹԶߺ˵
ȴǷ·ûһ㣬ֱʵͷӣ˵ɣʲô龹ȻܹʦԹѪµѾҵˣ
ҵƨСӱѪ£žͷ
ϹԶûһӣŭҲ֪ЩһﵽʲôˣԪ½˸׶죬ûзǵټ
ˣⷢʲôƢ
ĪˮϹԶһۣ漴Ц˵һʵǸѣ
ѣһ̽ԵʵǹѪµ𣿡
ţ
Īˮף֮֮ǰˮɽϣʥ֮ʱһж˳ŮɫʱüΪء
Ѫ֮»Ļ漰
ҪѰĳйصĶôԪ½֮⣬֮еĳЩͼҲǱضᱻϵģ˵Ѫ¶ĳ߼嶯֣Ҳֻǳ飡
Īˮ˵УԣȥҲǲ̻һ߶ľ壬Ҫڵһʱ֪ͨǹѪµ飡ţݺ͵λӦÿԲˣֱϵҼͶľļɣ
ţҿԣ
¹Ѫ£ϵǷܹҵԼĸɶҲûƤЦ˼֣ص׵ʦģһôģ
һ㣡
Īˮĵͷ˷ȥӦҪȥǱߣǳҵ黹ˮң㶼Ҫ۶ⱻã
ã
һʦ˼˵һˮң
Ǻǡν֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣ㶼ҪʮˣҲôãӦģĪˮ÷Ц˵
ãף
ӦʦģһСĵģֻһһ⣡
ʰɣ
Ҽǵϴγүȥˮɽ˵ڶǱߣйϵǳҴеĶһͳֹȥУµǼ٣
üִ֮ͣڻԪ½չѵ˵ҲУ
һ治ʦɣĪˮЦ
ңҲ֪û쿪ڣϹԶ㵱ûĵ
ӣƺΪղӶأ
׻˵ССָľɡ
Ϲ٣
ĪˮüһϹԶʱķһۣˣ֪۰Сӣ˵ô
ϹԶĪˮͼõһЦϲ֮С
ֺγϹԶǵһ۰أ
Ѿ˶׼ϸϹԶҲһڵСӣˣǳʵļ壬ǰҲǳϼһүү֮ʱΪǴֻ֮㵼ţճŴ߷չСȻ˲ô²⻹Ǻ׼ȷģ
ǳҵĴ֮ﵽʲôУҵĳʲôˣûͷӵϷʣ׷ʵ
֪
ϹԶۻһ䣬漴ĪˮǽĿУæ˵ģ֪ĶֻһЩԶѣݴ˵ǳҵĴ֮Ӧһžռ֮ӣͳСеЩ࣬ô¾Ͳö֪ˣ
ڳˡ
˵ϹԶɫһټǳҵĳ˺ܶ࣬ʵǿľҪؼ۷֮һˣ
ؼҡ
ԣԺвֳؼҼӣ
ȥһΪֱģϵҲ㲻ôҲţؼҾȻǽұȵزĳУ
ˣЩҲֻǴԶѣǼٻһأϹԶ˰ֵСӣֻҪСԼǣ⻹һ仰ҲҪס֪֪治֪ģЩʱҲδؿţ

һ֪ϹԶʲô˼
ϹԶȴûٶ˵뷨˰ֺ㳯鰡ȥ׼˰ɣҺʦǶܾûԹˣ
ãʦͶλʦԵȣȥ׼
ѺҲǺһͬ뿪ȥ׼ƲˣܸɴıϹԶϳ˷䣬ֻһͽܣѵ͵Լʦʦ˽ɣ
ԴˣʾܱӣҲԾɹԹԵ뿪ҲòϣͷӺλʦĵȷһѣλȥֽһǰδеѪȷ硭


1015 ع򣬶
ǹȥ򣬲ԾǾүүԨڻԪ½õĿռ䴫ηĽС
ǰ׹˸ǵһν֮ʱǴƽԭ
Ȼ˴εȴǽ֮ϴζ˲٣죬ŮԼСѾͷ֮⣬˶ǵһܵŨ˾˷ܲѣ
òϣȷ֮Ԫ½ҪʺһЩ
а٣ȥĶΪаɷӶŵųľһʱʵ
ڡ
˼һҴӦ˳ƺˮҪһȥһ˶ģǡҴȥһطס£
ǣү
˵Ȼκ
شƽԭǵνɽĵطȻҲǵǳİٻˡ
ٻĪɽĪүүڣټΧҲһȽϲطľһ˵ʱҲΪ̫ģĪүүչˣҲʲôİȫ⡣
ܿ죬һʮ˵Ķڲ˵ĿעУܿǲ˰ٻڡ
ǸΪƫƧԺ䣬ȴû뵽Īɽƺ֪ǵĵرȺڴˡ
˵Щ֣Īɽ鱳Щ쵹Ҳ˲䲻̫졣
Īүү˼ҪˣܿǰĪɽǷǷʾ
ǺǡˣĪүү˵Щ
ĪɽһЦ˵ɣʲô£ЩˣƺǱ˰ɣ
ţǶҴӻԪ½Ǳߴģ
ͷ漴ľ˼򵥵Ľһ飬Ҳ˵Լ뷨
û⣡
ȻĪɽӦĺʹ죬ĵĹȥǣߵͽˣ㲻һң
Ȳˣ
ЦŻصٻȥǣĪүүҲӦ֪Ҿû£ҲܵһʱȥϾԼаɷҲⱱУ
ҵΧȻƱ໥ʵľȴǺ֮
֪ˣСӣ
ĪɽЦЦˣҪ¾ȥɣǵСһЩСǱߣʲôҪĻȥϵǣ룬ӦֶŮϵʽɣ
õģллĪүү֪ˣ
ͷԺиֳľģԼľǴ֣һһѽѽġ͡ҡӣɵûһЦ
ǵȷ˵ּˣҲòϣǶľ读Ƕľ࣬һų֮ģֵѣ

źľκȻǾޱõʮ˺飬ѣԼСѾͷټϿ񽣣ˮܹ̤ǰĵ·
ȻȥķʽԾͨĪɽĽ飬ֱȥģȻʥʵҪŲʥļ˲ƹȥҲûһЩٵʱ䣬Ͼ߰ٻľȷ̫ԶһЩ
۷ʵڵĵؼϽΧȻ˵ͬĸֻؼⶫǿһˡ
֮ǰͷϹԶ˵֮ԻǨƵԪ½չҲؼΪﲻؼҶ˼־裬ȻԼֵط磬ԾǾԵΣ˿ûκλɡ
ǷҪϵط磬컹ûȷֻ˵ʱٿˡķΧҲܴҲһؼҵˣ
һ·ϣ񽣣磬Լˮĸˣȴѽ԰һ㣬ΧһжǺ棬ˮͳŮˣǽŹΧӿɾͿˡ
˵һ֪ⶫҲǵһҵĵ伮зһЩڶĽܣŮƶĸ׷ʣͲûֱ׿ӺԴǿˡ
֣Ķлˣ
ȴǺǫѷòĳԵ
ǺǡˣҲҴӦ˳үӵ飬ȻҪ쵽
ЦЦ˵˵ǵҪʲôطܲǺˮһĿĵذɣ
ˮĿĵȻˮңôʵʱҲǶ˼ϷʣƺһֽˮǿдճһԵֻǻûȳشʲôˮŤͷһۣ֡
Ǻǡ˵ЦˣҺͶҪȥĵطȻˮϰͬ
һЦ֣˵ȴ˴
ҲǹȥټҲûʲôˣΪĲǾ͸ӵĵòʧ
ʲôҪȥȣ
Ȼˮȴؾ촽Ե־ȡ
ǰ
Щˮ̬ʱȴҲܿע⵽ͬЩȵ񣬲ɵɻˮϰ壬֣Īʲôôѵȥã
ǾȻҪȥȡ
ûʻƵģˮķһۣǴȥǶ𣿡
⡭
һȴǱˮĸ첲ĵˮ㣬ȵʲôطѽӣ˲ã
ֹ˲ãǼֱһĽأ
ˮЦ˵ķΧڴ඼Ǵůľ󣬼ղѩȻȴһڣʲôʱ򶼱֣¶ȳ궼ʮ֮£Խ¶Խͣ˵ˣʥǿ߶һܹ֤İȫ

ˮ⻰ͳöʱɫһ䡣
ʱҲԱ˵ֹˣҴӵ伮ϼڻвΪ֪ΣգЩֲĺ䣡
˵Ȼһ١
Ȼ˵伮صĹڱ״һֲ²⣬ڵɭ֮⣬滹Ŀռ䲨ƺڹֹ˵Ľһ
ϹԶᵽĳҴ֮һһžռ֮ӣ
һſռӵĻ»ĺͳҵĴйأ
ĪǿӾǡ
ʱȻּĳ嶯޲һȣȥȫ̽
ҪȥȣôǻҪһ·ˣ
ˮչЦգ˵ˮҾȥȵıؾ֮·ϣһҪȵˮңǺǣ
Ǿһɣڱȣǡ϶ȥˣͷӦ
УǾͼ߰ɣ
ʼ磬Ҳٶ˵ʲôһͬǰȥ
һ·£Ҳƽ
Ȼȥ˴һʱǰȴǴһ󼫴ٽһȴʮ˽ŮӰΧм䣬ԻòεĽ˵Ů֪࣬λӦԵޱȻҡ
磡
۸Ů˵ˣŤͷȥʱҲǷ׷¶ŭ⣬ֻ컹û̬֮ǰҲֶܶѣ
֪ʱֵܺˮڣϢĽ쿴Ĺǡ
ȻʱȴЩŮеһ֮ʱһûѿڶ


1016 գ
ûиŮӾȻѾʮƣȷ˵Ƴ̶֮߳࣡
Ҳ
Ψһһܹ÷طƽŮˡ
Ψһһܹסطĵ׵Ůˡ
ΨһһطʧʱܹԼļϧΪ˸Ůˡ
ҲطһΨһϲŮˣһƵŮˣβ
طŮˣεķ
µԥĳ֣ΧʮȫŰɱɣ
磬ʲôأ
ʱЩ̬Щ⣬ײײļʵ
û£
عҡҡͷصʱȴǴĵְ֣Ǹ;Ŷ
㣿
ĻŮĿˢˢϡ
ǱᣡǷӵŮˣֻѾ˺ܶˣ켱æ͵
˭Ƕ
ϾڻԪ½ϣͨڤ򽫷طѾúܿΪҴүͶСĳͳҲ˵һֻǲδ̫עˡ
úǷϻ
ûƲƲ죬㳯ǰϮȥǲȥȥҾͿЩˣ
˵䣬ȻӺչ˹һһ㣬գۼǽԪֱɱʱ˵ע⣡
С椣ʲôˣȻҹǵ飡˷׷ŭĿӡ
͸Ҹɾ㣡
һСʲôˣǻûʸ֪ҪľͿȻС֪֪ʲôӣ
С㣬ǹȥ
һŮŮǸкܴƵŮӣæߵ󣬶ʱǼҲ߽
лλȣ
ŮӺдҹ緶Ƿһ񣬡СŮӻոм
գ֣ʫ⣡
˵һʱ䶼ָо仨ַ·ʱᱻ紵ᣬһҪȥú۰ĳ嶯
˫΢УŮ˲򵥣ʮΧƽǲװģ˷̬⵱˵Ȼ󣬷·Ƶģһһһһܹ˿˿Ȼ޷κεĶС
ȻЩ࿴дŮòˣˡ
ãЩ
齫ߣʵλǡ
СѾߣҽлҼСллλæллˣѾ߻ţҪֱӹȥˡ
ǺǡܹٴҲһעԵ֣
д󸾷緶ЦЦ漴춪һۣ磬㻹㶯֣ѵҪȥô
ããȥô
Цѣ漴
ϣ
г佣Χʮ˷׷ױ˺ſٵЩ˸޷
ȴҲûлǧýôֱӻȭͷЩ˳ȥ
֣Ҳֽţ
һЦ漴սš
˵ʥʵԳǵԪڵʵҪԸһȺҲʲô⣬˭ʮ˵ҲֻԪȫԪأ
ߣҲԳĶչˣѾеԪȫǸ޷ȥԸ硣
һ˱ͬͻɽһȺȭߣʱ䣬ʮ˱㼸ȫ˵ϣһϸ첲ȵİϣûκս֮
һĻպͻͿ۾Ǿ̾
ô
ͳƻصǰҲûʲô˼ЩҲ㲻ʲô
գүеŮˣҪΪطǼһͺ˲𣡡
Ҹ㣬ҪǸҲӦүǻұؽû֮أ
ǼȻƻүĺ£͵ɣ
Щ˵ڵϣȻھ壬Ծɻǿſڲв˵üͷ
ոһȻģԳ
򣿡
ˮȴüһˮҵΧô

˫һУų飬Щ˾Ȼв񽣣ɱǣ
ǣү
ӦͬһĳЩ˴̤ȥűһ̵Ļˡ
ʮ˺޷֮ı񽣽ɱûһȫʬ£ѪգۼѾȾ˵棬ûղɵþһǾæŤͷȥϾ¶һ˿Ĳ̡
Ů˿ͦģֻ֪װĻģװĻĻ֮˾ˡ

Ǵеıؾ֮·ҲǻյĻڵء
һ·ҲŮһƬģֻǻһֱֵüΪһĲ̬УŮһֱڿ죬ӣǵѯУܿ˱ʼĩ
ǻҵĴС㣬Ϊ޷Եʣڻ֮вӣû۸ڻҵоĸҲ伸Ӷ
һֱǰʱ䣬ͬҴү˻յòһҪΪңֻϧȴӸңӣŮİҪȥѰط״æ
ڻʶطģһΪĴ档
ʱطΪԵʣ϶˼գһƬΪȥʮƵԵʣطԻҲǼΪչˣ֮ĹϵҲ׽˲٣ֻΪطֻԵʣûʲô̫ıʾ
ǲòϣԴʱʼҲطһλá
طΪǺݺݽѵҵЩһ٣ͬʱҲ˵ӣȻطΪԵʣͱҪԵʣ޷ʱߡ
ȷطѾ뿪Ϣٴ˴ֵףΪǿܸߵĸ֦ڵͬڻյ뷨Ǹûκοǡ
ʱպͻҲͳӺĵڶ졣
ȻԪʵȴ˺ܶ࣬˵Ҫչ˻ˡ
Һǣտ½ϾͻĴ衭
Ȼ̸̫Ҳɹۡ
ΪҴС㣬һġԼΧʮֳģ˲֪˲ΪĹȻ׺ͻյҳӣ֮Ļ⡣
չȻһôͬ˹עĿ⡣
ҸطԷȻ˵ģ
һʱ˾ϾҶЩˣɲܶԼŮ
ԣĻУ־˻յĽܣһ˺ܿһ¥ķ¥
Ҫһ㣬ķ¥ҿģ


1017 
ںܶĿУķ¥¥żУϰͻƵ񶼺ǹŹ֣ڻϵʱ򣬸̰ࡣ
ΪǴү˵ˣˣܹŮˣͽ͸˺úÿ
Щ˿ܹҴСѹ£Ǹһô˷ܵ飡
磬Щðɣ
żУպǵģ˵ķ¥Ͼҵĵطǡ
İɣã
ûȻ˵꣬һյ磬˵Ϊľҵĵ̣ǻأǰɣ磿
ţ˵Ĳ
ЦŵͷգģȻһ磬ҵӣӣֲ۸ǰҲ֪ˣ֪ˣҵ뿴ңǸЩʲô
ǺǡС㣬ֳ棬ͷһٸİɣǺúõؿűǣҲ֮Ц
ˣҲ˿ûнҷϣҲֻлպͻ˵Ȱ˵£ԾɶЩġʮģҲûٶ˵ʲô
Ѿ⣬ֻҪΪԼʶ㣬ô͵ҧһΣ˾һѣֻǲܽ׵еǸ˰ˡ
ȻȴҲ
Ʋ˵ǺܿζȻ̸ãҲ˵Ϊ
˿ĵĶӴԴȣҲǹԹԵĳŶʱʱ˵һЩͯȤĻżеƽ˼ֻ֣һֱĻպͻҲǺܿ¶Цݡ
Ȼڴʮ֮Ĵ˹һӽż߿ҵʮӿٵĽ˰Χм䣬ŵĻ롭
ʮ꣬ҲΪΨһŷ׵˵ضƽ£һ˵ӣΪܣ
Ӵǣã㻹֪ȻҵķƵ꣬ѵͶҵĻ𣿡
ȫǵ˿һ˫ĿŻհ͹µģͷɣǽϾͳףұ֤úúΪŮ˵Ļ֣
ܺãôˣ˰ǵ̻ȥԸ
ǣү
ʮ˴ӦŵһаЦѣոǱף͵վ˫ֲС۵ҾҲ㶯ҼСһë
ԭСӣҲЩȲ˰ɣûϵûϵүҾһ˫ɣҲˬúܰ
ĴЦţ޼ɵᷳ
ȴûлյǰһӱ㳯ȥŭˣҲ򿴿ʲôҲҼС㣿
үϲ
ȴǼЦӲɣϣүǵҪڿĽҡø硯ǻ㶯֣
ǣү
ʮ˲ҵ飬׷׳ȥ
Ǽˣȫˡ
ţ
˫һУ񽣣Ҵǵȣ
ϣ
ѾĦȭƵ׼ˣһºȻ˱㱻ֱײɳȥʵʵײǽϣ˻ѵڵϺҲˡ
Ҳ
֣֮Ųĵأֱӱǰγ佣˸֮󵱼˵֮ǰǰ顣
һӳſڵĵطվһЩ
ʱżУʱָĺĲҺϣʮҵĹʵǿĲڵԪǰڣʱڿ񽣺˵ĳ£޻֮ڲʮʱѾ̱һһʬ塭
һĻԼ춯ϹĺЩķ¥֮˱ֱסǰѪȳ棬λҴүɫΪҰףԵĿ־壡
ʲôˣ֪˭ôǡž
Լвû˵꣬ϣһİƽֱȷɣЩķ¥ˣҪֱӷɳȥˡ
ˡ
û֣һƣ㽫Ѫݶ˺üš
Ǳûһ㻹ֵأ
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⡭
Щԥȴ˫۷Ź⣬˷ܲѵĻǿ˹ȥ
žžž
һ첻µزµӣʵʵļȳŭѡ
ӣǾȻҴң
ž
үǡ
žž
Ҫȥ
žžž
ֶŭҲֻܳѳѿ֮ɵȴ˵ˣֻܲϵҪÿۿžҪȥʱȥʼնֻȫȻĳܡ
С㣬Ű㶯֣
ڻ˷УǶˡ
ȴûƢʱˣ
žžž
ء
ȵòʹ죬յ澹ǸɴֱȭߣڵϲϷʱҪǰæȴĿⶢס
ɣǸǰĻ³Ȼżʮʬһģһ
˵ֻһΣֹͷΪԱΪȥװ
ʮӺ󣬻պͻͣ£ʱ˽һ֮⣬Ѿ˲˶ˡ
̫ˬˣһûôٺ٣
һ󣬻˷ܵ˵
մʱҲЩ죬ȴ˷֮࣬޵ĵôĲҪҵ֪ˣô죿
ֱڣʵһ㶼˽Ծɺǵġ
˵ڸô죿ЦЦĿ
С
ȴƲƲ죬磬֪˼ң㲻ȥһңѶõв׽𣿺ߺߣΪ˼ʲô𣿡
ȥң
Ļնʱ䣬ɣԲɣ̫ǿˣǲģ磬λ㣬Ҹлǰңǻǿ߰ɣ
ߣǺǡհˣô죿ѲԸ޸׳յʲộЦ
ҵȻ룬ɣǡ
պż˵ţû˵꣬ЦŴϵ㲻ˣģһǾ仰ӿɲܹ۸ģΣߣȥң񽣣׳մһΪӣǲߵһЩ
ĻҲ֮ǻձȰʲôɿǵģȴûжԡ
Ѿˣȥ֮¾ȥҲԲῴգΪˣ


1018 ˵֮
ϣҵʵǿ޷ȣ˵Ҷ棬ȴҲǵϢԴ
ʵڻպͻ»صʱ򣬻ұѾõϢֻ˵ȥķ¥ûж룬ΪǻѾ뿪ˣȥ
뷨Ҽ˷һ£ţҷŵȻռ޸ܹõĺô
仹ǻҶС㣬յûˡ
ֻڻյĽᣬȴһյ˼ЫŮӣ
뿪ķ¥ȥʱ˵òֻʣһ֮ʱ᳹׼ˣҲ˲æȥңȻҪȥ뻨Ʋϵŭ֮£ǻұ
ڻյİΣӲһ㶼ûϡ
ſڵʱ򣬻ԼѾϵĴͣ
գ
һ֮ǰһûн˷Уͻŭĳ˹ȥ

սһսһ󣬵ȴȴǻһİƣ
ͬû뵽ҪֹѾˣǸȳմýĺˣ𪽿۵϶ʱֳʺָӡյĴǶѪ
ɴˣ֮أûһ׵ӣ
С㣬û°ɣ
̲ŻգүʲôСŮ
ӣҹ
ȴ㲻һҵһˣƾʲôүô˵
գ֪֪ʲôҪǻٲ֮أ
үʲôˣ֪֪ʲôط
ŭѣʱҲˣǸûһĸģ·ĲŮһ
㣬޸ʲôõģ
ʱҲ˵Ȩƣˮҵĸ壡ҵ̣ǳĺģǵǻҶΪøã
ǵԼãЩһĵס
ԭеһ˿λãѾɢ
շ·оϱȵʹ࣬ƽԵСãһôǣ
֪һֱƲңΪҲһԵķˣҵòеõĻͲô˵˰ɣ
ǺǡңҳϣҵȷǿΪֺǣǾȻԸԽǵŮ뻢ڣΪ𣿡
ʲôˣһֱЩʲôǲ᲻֪ɣˣҼ޸Ҹ𣿡
лҪΪɵӣʲô֪ҳϣǸˣӱһЩͨ˻ҪһЩҶԼʮ꣡
ǰ㰵жЩҵЩţ͵͵˴ȥİɣǺǡҿõķݶϣһֱװ֪㾹ȻԽԽ֣ΪֺңֺȻϧӣãһղҪҲգ
˵䣬棬̬֮ϧ
˵úã
ãּ˲ҪҲգǵղҲúˣԺͻκιϵ

Ҳ֮ӦָĸãֱͲˣ
ͬУˮû˵ʲôֱֱͷʾͬ
Щ˵ʲô˵֪ʲôԶ㣡
ü۵ĳǺ漴Цſգҵĺý㣬ô˵ҵˣΪҵĴС㣬ΪҸѵ뱳𣿡
Ҹղ˵ˣѾǻˣ
պƽԵԸĻ޸Σ˵ҲΪҸ
Ļգ˿ԴȴԵüΪ
ǻʱͣɻźúõһɾأˮҵֱϵүܹؼҵľ͸ˣ
ûУǻһҪĻԸǸκεİķУ侮ʯѾǺõˣ
һӵǿöĲѡ
һȷѡҲһ°ɣ
ʱҵӿҼΪףʮԪϵգۼ佫ȫΧ˷ΧֵȺҲɢ
ЩֵǣȴҲֻ΢һЩѣֹҵ
壬ҼʵԪ۷壬ֻһɲڡ
ʱʮУʵ͵ڵԪڣǿĳ֮⣬ԪڣԪǰڣ˵Ѿеĸڴˡ
û취˵ԼӵĲ״ŭ֮ʱֻŽԼ뻨չȫɱδ棿
ɲǵ°ǻ˽ģͬһƵĴ˹ȥ
ǰǰѾǻҵŮˣɲҪΪǣǣҲ˵ڻİģɦŪˣƺ޲ĴƵġ
ǵ飬Ȼ˵
ɨһۣŤͷȥĿⴥе֮ʱɱʮ㣬ҧſҶǸ澣
мֻ̬֮ϧ屾ʵԲһЩûзС
Ψг磬ԼˮЩأ
˵أ
Цǰһ漴ɱĿУļӸΪ˼ĽҲô鷳Ĵԣ񽣰
үڣӦ
ɱ˰ɣ
İڰ֣ɵƾ˵ɱѼƵġ
Сӣң
˫Ŀһݣɾµɲǣֻһѵ죬ľ׵Ǳ㱻ֱ飬˲ʧȥһ
ҵĶ
״ʱŭȴЦ񽣣ҪĶ𣿻˼ңһ˺𣿡
ٺ١ǣү
һЦ˵ĴЦУʬͬһ㱻塣
æҪסɾڸһӴɲǣһɾʱϮɫͬʱνˣײ˺ü֮ʱſס
ʱʬ壬ȴ׹أĿ˫ۣɳ־壡
һһѪ˳ӸղŵľٶоԷǿ󣬲ɵ˫һĨ壬ʬɥ֮ʹڵȴǹ˲
͵վֱӣֻȵȫ£з߸ɱۣ
ǣ
ڶ˷׷Ӧŵǿɲ֪ղŵ׷ʲôֻǼҲЩŭһºǱŸԵǳ˹ȥ
ڴµĻԼһڣѾվԶԶģΨֱսನǣ


1019 мս
ͼԪ֮⣬еԪںͺ֮˷׷׿ٳ֣ǵӵΪѵأֻЩȴûзУ¾СѾͷƲƲ죬ʾм
߾ˣʵǿ˰ʥ򶼼٣ὫЩԪ֮˷У
պͻȴǽݴ䡣
Ͼ͵ļʶ϶ûǶ࣬ҿˮĸ壬ּ˵ȫƿڻǿѾǺǿˡ
Щ˶֣յһĨ԰ףȴԽļᶨҲԲԼϵĸܵ˺˾Լ⳥
ֻϧȴǶˡ
ղҵΨһѪѾɱôȥ
Уܺȣߣ忴Ҳܱȵһë
һĶҪȫɱڻңҲֻŵȥˡ
磬ô죿˫۷Ź⣬Ǻսɫ
ɣ
ʼ磬ȻΧʮ֮࣬ʵҲͶڵԪڣЩ˻ûֵ
㣬㣬ȥĻŮ˵
ȥɣ
ҡҡͷЦûһñѽ㣬Ҳȥ
û˼
ͬҡͷƽ
У
Ҳǿ󣬼ˮ㣬ƣ˭ɱĶࣿ
ãǾͱȱȣ˭˽ϵķ˾ˮ
˵䣬ǲͳƻӦʲôֱͬĺһֱӳȺ
ˮ㣬ף
״ʱһϽԱͬĳһһҵĳ
Ů˾٣ʱΧ˲Щǣò˵ŮӣҪսˣ߱࣬ǿʧ
ţΧΧ۵˶죬ԼͶ˱ӵ
úõļˣȻŮ˳֣ĪǳСɡ硭
պǵǣҧ촽֪˵
İɣûµģ
û쿪ڣοգúõؿűǣ죬Ǳûң
ûң
Ǻεŵ˵ȴͬԷˮһļ򵥣ûղɵЩ졣
ȻȴСϻ۹ˣ֪ⲢǼٻɵûնǵ˼ֺ棡ʱӣԳ֮С
أ
䣡
ʱΧһȭߵĺиŲٸָİʹ𺧵ĿУһһ˱Ůķ򵹵أһͬǣڲӵʱڣʮ˵Ůʵĳ֮⣬ˮ鶼ԾԵôд⡭
Ѿŷ̾ߴ̵Ůˣʵ쵣ģȥӦʣûֵȼԪ֮ˣҲƲ̫⣡
ǵɶԣԼȴɫѿ˼㣬ɱǻȴɫѿͬʱʹЩ˸
ôҲû뵽Դ꿪ʼ㲻ӵĴŮȻ֮ãܹʶҶ֣˻֮⣬ͻĸŮҲǽüͷʱǵھЩڣ֪ǿ϶ԻպһЩܹЩ˰ǻңǿûʱڳԽң˵ԵõˮӣϽȡ֮
Ǽһϣ
ۿԼһһıɱʵ̲סˣԸߵ߸Ԫ֮˷Ը
ǣ
ʱӦһ漴ԼȺ
ǵĶ֣ҲʣµЩԪ˺һЩ
ȻѾˡŮǿԶǵ󣬾ټȥҲֲ˺ã˵ԼҪ
ԣ߸ԪĳҲǶǵһֽѡ
ƣˮ㣬˺󣡡
˫һУ񽣣ȥҲҪڣ
ϣү
ķԸʱӦؽУ̤Ŀٳϡ
ڳƺˮ˿Ҳ˻
ǵʵȻͶѾǳͣҪԸ߸ԪһЩ˾ҲΪǺãȻᱧԹʲôߣղŵսɱ¾ǵȷԵЩƣʱȥԪ֮ˣ㲻ʲôΣգ϶Ҳˡ
죬㲻𣿡ʵ
ʵûô򵥣
ЦЦҪ׼ٶ˵ʲô֮ʱȻ˫һͬ˰Ļ棬˲佫һԪ֮˰˺ѷεĲҺڲʮӵʱѾճ˻ҽʬ嶼û¡
һĻʱ˵һ
Ǳ׼˵ʲôĳҲڵһʱ˺촽˫𾪣ʲôʱôǿˣ
֮࣬۽Ʋ죬֪϶Ѳ˸ϵ֪Ϊ˷ֵһĨԹ
Լûע⵽
Ů֮ǿ
ҧƤɺѪȴûע⵽Ƶģ˫ݡ
ԼҲòϣȥҲǸŮ˵Ķ֣
һߣ񽣽ת˼£Ȼûнп񻯣ַȴҲͬսһ㣬Ԫ֮˵ĹֻҪԼעκ⡣
ǿ񽣴˷Ĺƣ̩ͬɽѹһ㣬ǼԪ֮˱ȵĽˣÿеؽӴ޷ܵľϮֱѪ
һȴǸÿ˷ܲѡ
ͺս˳ԷȾ֮⣬ϲľǺ˴򶷡ڻԪ½ϣΪҪ÷ͰԵʣ޷ҵִ򶷵Ĵ̼ȴʮ㣡
Ǹ򰡣ܹ⼸Ԫ֮˽֣Ҫʱһ񲻽ʥ򣿶Կ˵Ƕôˬһ飿
񽣺ϧλᣬǼҵԪ֮˾Ͳˣȫ˰һ㣡
񽣵ķôܹƣڿһһεҹУǳ˺˶֮⣬һֱǱҪѪ
һĻɫĿҪγˮ
趼һϣ
峯Ԫ֮˺ҾͲˣôǿһϣ¾ǶҲҶǣ
ȥѣ
⻰ֱǺЦѡ
⡭췽ҹ̷
Щ˵ҲʣµĵԪһӵϣҪ񽣺ɱһ㣬Ȼȴ֮ǰʱúÿÿ뵽ղͿ񽣵ǿǾתӵơ
ϧڱϿţǾҲҡϾ˼ҵ˼ҵģҪǴʱˣҪҪ⸽ȥ


1020 ֮䣬ǿƣ
˷ս˶٣У˾Ե·磬ЩԪ֮һȥҲǿ񽣺Ķ֣ЩȫնɱҲֻһʱĳˡ
СС㣬Ƕ
ץŻյĸ첲˫۷Ź˵ޱ˷ܣ޲ҲеһƵġ
ţ̫ˣ
ȴû˸տʼĵǣɫЩӶƽɨԶԶĻԼˣ򴽺һ̾
֮ǰѾ˵뻨ϵϾҲǻҵѪ

һɲǣһԪɱ
ǿ񽣶֣
ؽն£Ǹ⧲Ԫ֮˴ͷֱ룬Ѫһأ̵ֲģֱ˿ľս
ۡÿֲ
æס۾ȴǴӹ©ķ϶мţ۾
ʱˣҲǷ׷׾֣ſǸߴģͬһ㣬һʲôԡ
񽣣ŪôѪʲô
ȴüһ磬òҲ̵İɣ
Уɱԩң
û뵽ָԼæЦűǼһﱾģ
ߺߣ
ԣֱһƲƲϽ۾סҪŻСӵģԺٸҾ÷ͰҲˣߺߣ

ðɣֱӱʾˡ
ʱĿȴսĸйУȫûĻ˱Ѫȳ˵ǿ𺳣ָѸͣǿȫЩԪ֮˵ΧרŽĿָʣµļԪ֮ˡ
һȴЩ˸ӵľ
һҲӲӲȻˣ񽣵ĹԾ˿ĳǹȥΪղŵĿֲѪʧȥģڲʮӵʱڣʣµԪȫõһͷ­ֱӸϡ
ˣеֱӱؽ࣬һ󶴣Щȫһ˫˫ŶϣԴըĩɫԽЩѪڳЩ˶ֱֱ¡
ǸǼΪݺݵĳһۡ
ʱͬŮ·һ㣬ͬһĻУѾʧȥսĵԪ֮ڽļʱ̱ɱҺϸֿζϴڳ˿ĿҲž֮ɫ
ڿɱ¾ɵѪȣȴҪһЩУܹ˼ȥ
磬ˣ
ɱˣСֺ߻صߡ
úã
ҲԼ֮ʣЦŵʵһЩ´ͻҲԶˣ
ţҲָоأ
ҲͷϲЦտģȴ˿û֮ǰɱ¾״̬ˡ
ү
ʱҲ˻Ȼû˵ʲô鵱һɣ߳񽣣ĵǲǣ
ٷˣզˣͷǲʵ
ֺ̬ȣղѪɱ¾ȫ졣
զˣ
òУҸ㣬´ɱ˵ʱһ㣬ҪٸŪôѪȣôʰ㣡

ԭ񽣺ơ
Ѿϰɱˣܹܵɱ˵˷֮⣬ܹ˴ǿ壡
ˣ飡
Ҳ˵ҲֿˣҪȥ¸ģ
Ǿǣү˵Ķԣͷ
Ըͷԣ
Ӷʨһ㳯һۣŤͷ˵񽣣ҼסˣҪ´Σ춼סڲŲţ
ٷˣˣ
һвʱͷϴ
öǽĪˮȫУһЩʤ̬ƣϣҹӻģ
ߣ
ˣٴһʱҲ׷ЦѣպͻҲ¶Цա
ǱߵɺЦ⣬ȴɫ԰׵˼㡣
ҵи֣ҲǵԪϵ˶ȫ˳ûһСʱ㱻ȫֱš
ǱߣҲǾ֡
ô죿Ǽ޵ĳһۣ
ô֪
Цѣ˭֪ҶЩ˵Ķ֣治֪ЩǴʲôطðģôôֲʵҿǿٶԪˣ
ʥ򣬻ɲ롣
Ҫȥ˵˵Ͼʼնǻҵˣڱϵ
˵ʲôһ
εĵЩôģĸŮ˵һûȥأ
ʱĻڳźڣ֪˵͸öԻպһЩȴǸΪʼɣƾʲôһķܹʶôǿ
ܴķ涼ҪȻոøǿƫƫû
㻹ʲô˲һǳ
ȻĿڣƽǲмЦ
㡭ǲҪ̫ˣ
ҧҿˮҵĸ壡ҪǸҶһëˮһŹǵģ
Ǻǣô
ԣΪЦѵӣͲǣ¾תߣһ̱ȥϵˮҶǽ׷ɱɣ
ᣡ
ҡͷǴôģɵϣ
᣿㵱ɵôĻ¾ҵŮţǰɣЦ
ţְ˵Ķԣһ󻵵СѾͷ黳ͷʱ˹Цɫѿ
㵽ʲôˣ
һĸղŵҼˮҰŵˣھߣҿԼ̣
ˣ壬ҲЩģˣ
ЦҸ㣬ˣˮҵˣҲȲ㣡
˻ޱǿƣ
Ȼ󣬵ȴͬһصڳ˶ϣ
ˮҵˣҲȲ㣡
ǿƵĻ˵ڳһ𣬿ĿźȻ
ֱڣǲףЩ̫ţǸûˮҷϣ͸˵һˡ
ˮȴʱų춪һۣɱˣҲˮҵأ
ͳƲ˽ȴǲЩǡϾ֮ǰѾ˽һЩⶫУǿؼ֮⣬Ҳˮˡ
ˮҸǱΪпܽؼңΪ۷֮һĴڣ
ʵ֮ǿ
Сӣ㾹ȻƲˮң
巴ǴЦһˮ֪Щ͵ȥɣʱǼȫܲ
ôǾϧҲˣ
ЦһֱǰһסĲӽӲĴӵʹɫױãɲǼüΪ١


1021 ˵һ
ȫûκη֮
ڱץסӵɲǣԪ㱻˲ӡʱֻ˵ǱѰǿһЩѡ
ζֽţѿڣСӣ÷ңȻˮһŭǱؽȫ֮أ
ڣв٣
΢ͨ죬ȥָȴʼպκ˵ѿȥˡ
壬ҲɱˣһжƵģ
쵭ļǸ˵Ķ

Ǽѵ˵ţٵ΢˸
Ψһ˫Ǻ˫ֳһƬѪ죬޲ýʬΣֻϧûʵ
ôңٻ᲻˼ģ
аЦʵٲ˵ЩɱҲɱˣûʲô˵ģҲĿ֪𣿡
˵䣬쵹Ǻܿɿ֣ʱͬһ㵹ڵϡѾӡΪߣ˵Ĺע£ɱǲܵģ
ӣ
Ťͷ֡
Ŷ磡
Ȼ֪ʲô˼ǹԹԵڻͬ˹
лգĻҴС㣬Ҳʶõģ
쵭ĵӽ쿪ʼӣ
죿죿
ûֻǱŪһ¡
ƺ˵һʱ벻

ͷƾǸĶӣҲմȾӣ㣬Ҳ䣿
죬ˮǾԲŹģ
̧ͷĶ죬ҧгݵĵ͵ɣǣһȫ֮أ
ô
вΪмΪˮһΪַͷߣ˵ˮҾˣٻôˮң˼ȥһˣ
㡭
һ£֪ΪʲôʱӣΪ־壬ϵһĨаЦȴǸӵĲ
ˣҲϻˣ
쵭Ե˭Ȥһ̣
Ȼ⻰Ƕ˵ġ
ûȤ
ҲûУ磬ֱӶˣ
ǣʲô˵ģҪ˵ղ͸ֱŪ
˷׷ҡͷЦã׼Լֵʱ򣬻ȴ˳үɲԣ
֣
һ䣬æǳ
С㣬û֣
ҡҡͷҧֵֻһѾߣʲôף˭Ҳ۸СģôţںߺߣҾҪС
ã
쵭ȻһЦ˾
ܹĻ˼ͬ
硭
ջ˵ʲôȴǱҡҡͷֹˡ

΢΢һЦʾ⻨ǰͬʱҲһУȥ˵һݵУЦȥɣ
һһЦֽһȥ
ң
屻ҪѪ
Ǻε
ҼȻһСѾɱ˵ֱһĳ裡
£ȥ
˫΢УһԪȥס죬ȴûбסӣҧ촽ɱ⡣
ݡ
岱ʱ쮳һѪ˵˫ͫ˲˼ºȻһʬ塣
ˣұ
ţ֮ò˶ñ⸽ҼڻѾе飬ҲؽΪ˵һЦ
˵Ŀⶼȫϣעպͻ
βף֮һᱻȫǸΪΪ˸ճͷ
һСǷŮˣ㳤ҲؽΪ˵ڴ֮ǰܻһң丽˶ôģȻ֮ȴ˲òԻĹۣ
¾㻨ôǸǳ˭С
ӻҿ϶Ҳˣ
ǣôõһŮƵϵ
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1022 ˮˣ
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1023 ˮˮ˹Զ
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1025 ˮ˹Զı磡
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飬ˮԼģǸʱѾʮˣҲȻЩûµСһƭ


1026 ԴĽ
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ǵĸС̫ĸӰ졣
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ı⣿ˮ˹ԶΪСӣôƭ𣿡
ˮЦȻȥʮˣҹ﷢һĻĻÿϣʱ̶Ѫ𣡡
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һʱ䣬ǵذˮ˹Զ֮⣬˶׷װһ˫˫Ŀϣǵͷ˳˼ͼҪѰҳĳܹʱѹƽƱİ취
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1027 ˮ˹Զ֮
ʱˮ˹Զƺһ磬ǲüͷˮȴЩʹ֮ɫˮ˹Զ֪Ļʹ޲ֱŪˡ
Ƶ⣬ȴˮΡ
뵽ղ˵а취ˮĿٴγȥˮ˹Զȣδôϡ
ֻҪܴˮ˹Զ֪Ļʹ˭ˮУһﱾܣ
磬ͱˣʲô취Աߴߴٵ
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Ƭֽ̣Ѿʹĺ޵ֿ֮ˮ˹ԶţС
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˵䣬쾹Ǹĳ˴ȻǱⱻˮ˹ԶҪԣˮȴúϸ棬ü΢ĳˮ˹ԶȥĿƲȴǱ䡣
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˵꣬ҲûӦˮ򿪷˳ȥվǸű׵ĵطЦá
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ˮ˫΢Уεŭ޲ھͷɻˮңΪԼĸĸѩޣ


1028 ֮壬յѡ
ʲôҪˣ
תۣѾ˺üʱ䣬׼ڶϱ뿪ǰˮҵϢ߻պ󣬻ȴֲᣬ磬֮ǰѾȷʾ뻨ˣҲüҪҺ㣬ɩһ߰ɣ
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ʵհѾ˻֮֮ǰЩ˵Ҳ˵ˣûҪģ
ܲܿŻҾʹûȥɣᣬлѾ˵Ϊˣһ뿪ǻҸô죿
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ĻնʱɬЦǵȷ˷ˣͲ˺죿ңڹû˿飬Ҳ𲻵ʲôð
𿴻ƽ￪ĵģʵȴΪԼڻ
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գ㣡ȻɫԵ
ʣСһ֪޲ԣӦ
ЩǲǾԼЩ⣿ָڶԴ˷棬ˣʵ

˻һ˾΢Ҳü΢ͷ˺һɻӦ˵ǣʱܾкܶڲϵĶҿҪһЩʱ֣ҲһЩֵ񡭡ǱסƵģ
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ҲϣܹҸڳ˵ܹʶطؼҵˣҲһջ񡣱Ͼ֮ǰڻԪ½ϣ֮Ҳûдʲô̫Ľ
طΪؼҵˣ佻˵ҲǽΪҺãǲ֪ؼҺͳǰĶԹ򻹲֪ҪôԸطأ


1029 ټط磬õ
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պһЦ俴طЩŵģͷ֪ˣңרôã𣿡

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ӣһĻԶǸ׳գ
ڲԶֱߺߣȴӭϽŮİۣǽôĻ𣿿ǰǺǽ˵˺ܶĻɣ
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ţǲᣬȻЩỨơ
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Ȼɬ˼㣬ȴԾɼץط֣Ȼûж˵ʲôеİȴԽŨ˵һˡ
·ʱ䶼һͣͣҲûжֻжԷĴڣ
ȿȡǿ𣿡
֪ȥãϷʵһԶ˼æ֣ԳһΡ

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첻мƲƲ죬뱻ҿԳȫ㣡

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ọ̃طϽ񣬺һֻǰǰ㱻ϷŪ

õЦţǰ͹µľţȻ
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ЦãϽǰüõ΢һ㣬ֵհɣ
ף
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ʲô֣϶ûаʦɣͷԺҼõΨһͽˣ
һӣõȲ˵ԵżĴ˷ٶȴŵûնЩ֪룬æȵĿ⳯쿴ȥġ


1030 ʦã
ʦ
õ̡
״ط粻Լͬ˹ȥȻû˵ʲôõȴǳ˵һۣ߳СӣҹԶ㣡

˿ЦӣջǰʦŻˣһΪûУסӵģ
ԣԣܰҵıͽܸˣ
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ǣ磬ף
صͷ漴ֳõĵʦҿɲһҪ󣿡


1031 ˮɽˮ
յҪܼ򵥣ǾǴϻһ𣡱ϾȻͣʵȴǺ׽졣
ûлıͱ˸۸ˣ췭ظӣ
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Ȼڻ˵ܹһֱԼСѾһǳĵˡ
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ˮ˵ʲôȴǿЦãΪİȫǲѡ
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ÿһԿԪǿںһЩϰּۻۣԪ½ϵȫͬ¾ʵ͵ľȻҲﵽ죬ǳԽ˻Ԫ½̫࣡
㣬㣬㣬򣡡
һ˿ĵĹ֮ʱȻԱߵһεڴϤŤͷһһŮЦ֡
ŮӲǱˣĪɽĪүҪȥҵĶľ诡
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Уȥ׼һЩˮ㣡
ľ诵мϰģһָŵڵŮǣһһȥԺ£Ƭ̺󣬶ľҲˡ


1032 ṩϢ
ѽѽģСˣӹһȭ
ڼɲǣľһȭֱӳȥû˿֡
ȭܵһжڻ졣
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÷Ȼܶľǲźۼƨ漴ȴֵأæ鷳ӣʵҲܼ򵥰ðæ֮һһģһЩװҲҪһ֪𣿡
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Щʲôаʲô𣿡ľʵ

Ȼȴûлشʳָô˼̧׵ǽϻҪ𣿵ʱҺһȥ˵ǵʦ


1033 ˧ľʦ
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ȻҲûʲôҪǿռ뷨ҪԼöѡ
룡ҿרһòˣ͵ȽˣǱ˵̸йǸ飬Щúúõʽأ
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Ϊķˣĵȴһֱ䣬Ȼصĺܺãȴôɴ˿Ӧûȥô򵥡
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ʵͶľ诲֪ҪˣҪ߱Ǹ£ȴûҲġ

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1034 ˮĸж
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˶Զˣڿʲôأ
ӰʧߵУľûĳߵڿѾҽλģǧҪԲǵ飡ߺߣЩ˶Źģסһջ󣡡

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1035 ⣬Ϸ
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ڶʱ֣ǵһˣľ诽Ժλľʦǽǰ
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ˣûµĻҾȸˣ黹ܶ࣬һҪΣǻҵ˵Щ

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1036 ȣлԬף
˵Ȼ֪Ǹ鵤Ϸ֮飬Ϣһ֮󣬱һͬٴγĿĵȻҲǱˡ
֮ǰڴӦ˳үӵҪͳ͵ȣȥԼ顣ʵҪǣͨͷǳڱȵĴ֮Ｋп֮һҲҪȥһ˱ȵԭ
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ϷʵĻлʱһ죬Ԭ״ʱҲǿһ죬ȻЦݣһĨͺ͸߰ôҲβ˵ġ
Ԭףһ࣡
һʱ㿴Ԭ׵ԸҲû̫ᡣ
ܿ죬ԼҲ򵥵Ľһ£漴ûö೤ʱ䣬лѾͼŮһƬɰѾͷϲѣԬ죬ԼվһʱʱĿ⳯лǱȥĸоȴԬ׼󲿷ֵĿⶼڽ绨ļŮϣʱʱһḬ̃
ү
Ҳһ㣬ȭͷ
ˣ
ҡҡͷȵ˵
ҲɫΪƣԬƺҲ̫һЩ
ѾŮѣҿлӻصģȻȥŮˣֱͲһˣ
Ȼ֮⣬ȴл֮ʱɵȻĶĸоղлԬѵʱ򣬸ԵʮʧֻΪҴүδֳˡ
ԬֵӣӦǳʲôɣ첻ɫĵԬǰЦʵ
ԣ԰ɣ
Ԭ׶赲ʮֲϲԾǿЦЦͷҲʶˣʲôҪæľ˵ڶƬطУԬ׶ٻЩӵģ
Ԭ׺Ǹ߰˵ţϧȴû˵ĸԬңԶ˽⣬ǸûôһԬҴڵģл˵һЩ˵ؼĸ壬ʵҲ㲻
Ԭ磬ѽ
컹׼ʲôʱлȻԬ֡
ˣˣ
ԬǲЦݵĿ첽߹ȥС㣬ôˣ
ǲûҵطţȥǱߣ˵ôлʵ
⵱ȻûⰡ˵㣡
Ԭһĺģ̬лڰæŮԵ㣬ǿɣҾ˵Ԭһͬأ
ǺǡСúҸأ
ЦЦǸԬףûжᣬֻǵĵͷˡ


1037 СԬףϣ
ܿ죬һо˱лԬ׵Ĵȥڵŵ㡣
һΪƽأʮඥΧһȦм仹ȻԾڰ죬ΪȽϽԵʣ¶ȼûдﵽ£ȴҲֻмȣǱȽˡ
ȼ𣬲Ϊȡů
С㣬Ԭү
лԬ׵Ӹ߳ʮˣֱǷ
֮⣬һôˣЩ˿ӦлԬ׵ĻʵͶԪǰڣߵԪ۷壬Ϊ
ţ
л˵ͷЦĳһ˵壬鷳ȥలżǵĿˣ콫סһ𣡡
ǣС㣡
ΪǸԪ֮Ӧһ漴ȥˡ
ʱԬȴпһĨâ漴ֱЦȡС㣬ǿǹͣǿҪúõдܵǲǣ
ţԬ˵öأ
лͷЦЦ촽ߵǸǳǳѸ鶯
л㣬һ֪˼ĹԬȻ´Ļ֮Ѿ˼ˡ
ܿ죬ھͲֻİæ£мŪ˳Ҳûпڳл˵һлϾֻҪǸ˶Լ˽Ҳˡ
ԬŮһֱ񣬲ɵ˫΢УһḬ̃Ĺâֻϧεĺܺãûע⵽ˡ
ոϰ߼ʰһΧ¡
ԶԶأԾɿΧ˵ĸ̸ֽвڱȣǼ챦Ľ̸ϢöУȴüֱ컨׹ûʲôֵŵģ
һ룬Ҳ
ϾȿɲڳЩܹȥģ˵֪챦Ǻˡ
ֻ˵ڴҵĽ̸ǸԵĴ󵨲²ˡ
ǺǡллСԬָǼŵĵطΪ˱ʾлҵգΣ
˵䣬б࿾⣬ڵɢˣѾͷһ˵õȡ
磬ⲻðɣ
л⶯űӣпɢЩԲԵĵ
ƺҲԼ˾Щãɵһͨ졣
ʲôõģ
쿪ڣ漴ԵСãһԵ֣ɣҶ԰ɣĻտǣĲôտջһܶ˶ϲأ
ҾͲŶóԣ̫óˣ̫óˣ
˵䣬лҧһڣֻô㣬磬ڼл޵ͬʱ˺üڣŪͶں
㿴СèƵģ
Ԭײ֪ӺδóһҲڳȵΪлǵգ
ѾԬ׵Ը񣬿ǻĻΪԬж۰лأ
ʱΧľ˶üȻƺҲԺԬ׺ǲϲֻǰлûж˵ˡ
ЩȻ˵ʲôϾ˼Լ˽£
ֻлһĹҲƭɼҲҪѰһʺϵʱҲҪлĿԬ׵ıĿǣ
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л˷ܲѣҪιԬ׳һڣԬȴЦҡҡͷ֪ģҲϲЩԼ԰ɣ˵ͬʱԬһ˿мտǼԵΪԼǸߴԸΪ飿
ޡ̫ϧˣ
л㵹ûзʲô쳣ԬײԣԼó˺Щ⣬˵Ŀڸ֮
ȥ˰ʱϻٵĶһЩĹͷЩһԬ֮⣬һлͬСһָԵÿɰ
ΪһٿԵʣþȻǴΪĹۣЩʱûаڳκμӣʾõȵȶþһֱصĸоʶһʱ֮һ˵Ц˲٣񽣸;ϧ֮Ƶģ˴յһ𣬿ҵǸƺһһڵıжˣ
״Ҳ֮óһЩɢңлһڱ΢ʤԴԬ׵ļϣƺĺѡ
һĻþЩֱüͷʱȴǺȻĿһǻһЦЦĻߣñϵĳˣɵЩɣ֣ôˣ
ûû£
һЦߵ£񽣣壬λֵܣһһлˣȻǼƻõŵĵط
ɣ
һЦƱһºһʱǱҲˣϾҲмŮԣԵøΪ֣
ԬүСȶˣңҷСȥϢ
һŮȻߵԬߣòĵ
ˣ
ԬֱҡͷҴСȥϢǣﻹпˣкһ£
Ԭү
Ů׼˵ʲôԬȴֱһۣô˵Ĳã
Ҳȥ
ʱлվԬ׵ĻһҡҡλεĳǱȥһҪǺȾƣǼȣ
С㣬ˣҪȥϢɣ鵣ĵĵ
˾ƵļŮЩ̺죬ֶ˵ġ
ֻл˵ȴҪѲ٣ϾʵټǰҲȾЩҲûʲô̫ĸо
ҲҾͲ㣬Ѷ㣬㣬ƶ㣬ǼȣȰ
лŲӣùƺԼһһŪǿЦá
ȻлСҪȣǾһɣ˵
磬⡭
΢΢һ֮ʱȻ׵ʲô˼ǺһͬлȻǼŮҲˣֻǺȵúٰˡ
Ԭ׼״ɵһĨȴܿߵлߣС㣬ǰȾƵģˣҷȥϢɣ
Ҫ
лһѽԬȥִ򿪣ĵԬ磬ѽǽȸʹ죡
С㣡ôˣ԰ƺȶ˶岻ãԬ
ͲͲ
лͬСһĻ˼ֱۣҪ׼˵ʲôʱȴǺһͷ黳У漴ԺȻѾˡ
⡭
Цãܿ쵹Ůİ£ŻȥϢԬŮáŮܲסԼڻδɻ顯ɾܾڣԬ׿Ц£ĵ
Цһ£


1038 СԬף£
ҹĻĽ٣Χ¶Ҳ֮½˲٣ڸĸߴľϻӴ˲ССıȻ̫࣬ȴҲһصС
ΧһȦм䣬ҲԽȣʱʱıĳ죬⾲׵ҹԵô
ΪлݵԵʣһסһҲĸϾΧʵ̫ˣҲòСģҪעⱣԼСİȫ
ʱһһĹȥҹʱѾȥһ룬ֵ˯һʱ䵱С
Ȼ䣬һ򿪣һƮ˳ƺʶһķֱĸҹĻԼƮȥȹȥ˲ʱңǸƮУϢһӰ
ϡâҫ˿ĻȻִᷢ˾ȻлѣԬף
ʱԬȫͬǰ컹ůĿ⣬ȴǳͣżֺ̰
Ԭ׵ĿΧɨһۣ̽ԵļһʯͷԶĸҹѾȫιȥ֮Ź˳
л㰡л㣬ɲܹˣҺһʱˣ㾹Ȼһ£
нֵǼ˶үŰɣϱүҪһһķ̫ˬˣ
Ԭ׵Ҳʮɲ˸ŵĹâ࣬һɫжƵġ
Ȱ£֮ȥǼ˶
ˣСѾͷҲܲû뵽Ԭ׾Ȼĺ
ԬЦţ漴ŵĳлڵȥ
ΪԼžԵţԬ׿Сģʵȴû̫ĵģֵ񣬽»ļҫܿߵľ齱ߣų˯л㣬¶һĨΪ̰Цݡ
һѰһᣬ˵ĳ֣Ҵôһʱ
ȾƵл㾹ȻȵһͿֱæ
Ԭ׺޲Цȴⱻ˷֣ǺܿѹסˣֺܿĳлȥΪ֪ҪĶл䡭
һС«һƵС«лҵı֮һ
֮Ԭ׵Ըл࣬ϵþַֺãΪľ«
ȻԬ׺˳õˣȥĿ˺ü飬Цݸ޲ֱЦ
С㰡С㣬ɾûˣҰɣҿǶһֱܶأ
ԬаЦҪ֮ʣȴǺȻͣУܶȻлǸϲľԲŹҵģǱƼˣ«ҲסҵС
Ȼܶ㣬ǻĸ˶С˶Ԭ׵ĸֻǺܴģ
ЦУԬŤͷȥȻȴûע⵽ǱĲл㣬ȴ뿪һĳҭ
棬Ԭ׵ĿѾ׼ŮֱڵЦݣ«ڻк󣬱Ǻԥĳһȥ
ͳסġ
Ԭ׵Ů飬һӱ㿴ŮֻгԾǴ֮ѡȻǳˡ
ΪˣԬ׺һִᣡȻֻҪԷ˶⣬ʵĻ޲ýŮȫУҹҹϸ裬ƿغ󹬣
˶ˣ
ԬЦѣȻʱһȴȻ𣬡ʲôԬף
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ЩŲԬ˲ɫ䣬ɻûʲôǼһӰŵԪڵʵȻֱӷӡ˲Ѿͨˡ
ô
ԬɫҲѣŴ߽л֮ʱ󼱣ȴװǲ׵ģʵС㣬ô£
ǰľϣͳл߽ģЩ֮⣬ˡ
һԬ׵ĿⶼʮֲƣǸлĻֱӳȥݺ˼ƣԬ״ͬͷһ׵Ĺ趼ʶˡ
壬
л㻺ǰ򹧾˺󣬿еɱȴôԡ
Ԭ磬ʵһֱ㣡
ǰͷл㻺Ե¾ǰְңҶû˿ɣҶѾ׼ٹ±ʽ飬ʱлҵһжģ
ԭǸС
л˵񽣺ȻĵΪʲô˲үأð۽磡һСҲôŸ߰ͷһο

񽣵Ļ˾ǴЦѡ
ԬȴɫԽĳ񽣵һۣ漴ίлС㣬ǲʲô᣿Ҹղжųģ
᣿Ԭף㵽ڻƭңΪлôƭ𣿡
ԬĽͣлòУðɣ˵ôܵƶˣҲᣡ
ǣǡ
Ԭ׺żȴ۾һĵˣǷָղŵĶŪģҪ׷ǺúʵʱˣС㣬ҪҰ˵һжģ
һˮ
һ߼޻
Ԭ׵ӣһƺѾõĺˡ
ô
лƺԬ׵ĽͣɵĿ⳯ˮͳȥԬ׼״ǵģľС㰡ҿǴûƭģɲܲң
ðɣ
лףԬ׸оһΪѾƭлʱȴǼлȻһ˦ԬֱһѪźüݡ
С㣬ʲôԬ˵
ˣԬף
л㻹֪ڸģǿˣְ˵ûӽΪҼҵ«ģ
ҲǰС㡭
Ԭ׻׼ͣлȴֱִнν«˳Ԭһͣ˲ήȥ
С㣬ҡ
㲻˵ˣҲ飡γǶһο飡
лִԬ׵ĻʹĵֻҪͨһΣְͬҼ޸㣡ϧ̫ʧˣԬףӽԺұİ·ˣǰϣҲɱ㣬㡭߰ɣ
˵꣬л㱳ȥʾԬ׿뿪
ҡߣ
ԬҧҧС㣬Ҫңİģ
ҹ
лʵڲЩˣȵٲߣǾͱˣ
ҡߣ
Ԭ󼱣ҲҶͣ㳯ȥȻʱȴվס׼𣿡
ǣҶ԰ٷôˣΣҲͬСƵģԬ˻ֱ£ͬŭĿһɴ۾š
硭
л״ʱҲЩ˼ϾԬѾһˣҲȷЩġ


1039 
лЩû˿̬УԬС͸
ֻǰлķԸǲֹˣǵľٶȴЩ̫ˬˡ
С㣬ңҪҰҲ
Ԭ̱ڵأڿǿƵУվûУֻͬһ㲻ϳлȣлԸǾԲῴȥģ
Ȼлջˣֻϧȴǰ֣ĵлС˵Цˣ⡮硯ĳƺҿɵлСļıǶУлҴС㣬Ȼް
ʶңлü
ʱЩҲЩͽš
ȻʶҲ˵
ʼ磬ЦĸллСų
лҴС㡭ơ
ĻǼŮҲЩü΢
磬⵽ô£
֣ĵΪʲôǶˣѵһжСðźõ𣿡
Ҳ˵ǰźˣֻ˵Լǡɣ
һǸл㣬ƳƳϵԬףԵղлСѾ˵ˣγʵǶԬ׵һο飡ǵһ̣лСļƻоѾǵϷݣ

Ļߵļ˶üͷ
ֱõĸоܲˬǱƵлãǾ͸ǲˡǻлƣû뵽Ȼ
ͽʶǣŸлС㿼ƻһʼ
쵭ļԸȾƵȥһļƻȷҲ˾ãΪ£ỳҲԬһõĶʱ
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ʱ򣬲ᶪ«ɹܣ
Ц˵лС㣬ΪƾƵĿƻܹɹҲδ̫ˣ
л㣬ʮҲɫһױãѡ
û뵽û뵽Ȼ㡭
Ԭ״ʱҲ̧ͷһķŲĵģ˫ͺҧгݵĵ죬㵽ʲôˣҲҲ
㲻ã
͵ǰһű㽫Ԭ߷ɳȥֱײǰкüȼյľͷſͣ¡һѪήҲѣ
񽣵ĳֿɲܹȵ˵ģ컹ûԸɱֵĻǸղһţҪԬ˵С
һĻл죬ȴǺܿ̾һʲôû˵
лС㣬˽Ǵãûɣʵ
С㣬ҡ
ԬҲǲģµҪ
磡
л򴽣ȴǺĳǼһǸСԲǣҵļƻܣ㺦ƶ㣡׼룡
лСˣ
Ҳ֪ǷлǸ⣬ֻЦʼ֪СޣӺȾƵʱͿˣʱǴСҲԥɣϧʵˣ㲻òܣ
ˣ˵Щˣ
лεУ֣ļôˣ񽣣Ұһｻ㴦ãȱɱˣ˵ʱҪظ𣿡
ٺ١үİɣû⣡
Цź󣬱ֱŲϳлȵԬ׳ȥҪʲôδ˵Ҳûʡлſ뿪ķ򣬾þδ
ţĿֳǿȥȫǸΡ
ףȼŮ֮һЩ϶ûкʵĻᣬ϶Զʧ
Ԭ֮İ飬ѾĻˣҲû̫⡣
Щʱ򣬳ɳҲҪ۵ģ
ţǸԻȥϢΧһ֣ûκԬ׵ĲҽģȻǿ˷ܲѵĥǿϲĿ֮һ
ˣҲˣԬȴ˹ʣ¾ʵлҲûڡ
үŪˣ
ͷǺ˵ǼһտʼǿӲ氳΢Ū˵ֶΣȫˣ
ȥģֱ˵ûĵ
һֱһСлС֮ҪҸɽŹչȥģ
Ц˵ڼ䣬һʲôҲ«ȥףȻпܵĻͼлң˵ԺֻҪлСˣǸƽлҵһУ
Щü
ŰģԱ֤ʲô֪񽣵ͷӦ
ƺô򵥰
ʼ磬л㵭ԵлС㣬ӦǺлҵĳйأҲˣԼŰɣŶˣлǵչˣǾʹ˸ǣ
˵꣬лʲô˵ĻᣬкǱ㳯ǰȥ
Խ¶ԽͣǵʵҲ㲻ʲôΪҹ飬лǲһ涼ЩΣ

ļʱ䣬ǵҲҵһԵĵطţԵĶҪǼŮлңлۣεҡҡͷ
⵹л㻹ʲôû˵
ټһĻҪ˸ˣ֪Ҳˣһ֪ˣָо൱Ĳܰ
ԺΧ˵ԽԽ࣬ƺΪǱȼ챦֪챦ʲôģȴûһ
ܶ˶ڻɣؼҷųϢǼ١ЩûʲôԵ˶ѾˣϾֱĥԭõڴҲΪޡ
ְ֣㿴
ҹԱ߳ſʱȻ̧ͷȵķȥָǱߴĵ
ţ
ԣ˷׷ѭȥȻȴκηֻ֣һƬҹĻĺڰˡ
ԣ
޵ķʸǽɢȥȻڱȸܵһЩӰ죬ȴǺܿĸо˲ͬ
ǰϿյĿռ䣬ͻأΧռָȥƵģֶ϶ĸо
ôǵڹ˼ұɽʱĸо
üͷһ壬Ҫ׼ټӴϸ۲֮ʣǰϿȴǶȻƷһĳΪĳܲӣЩռ֮ҲĿռ籩Ʋϳ
ƷһͷҪ˵ħޣЩϣһޱȿ񱩵Ŀռѹ

һĻڳ˶ܿķˣѽ˯εҲ׷ױѹһ˫˫ĿǱϿյ󣬼ѣ
Ϊǲ²⣬챦ף


1040 ʦδ
˷˭Ҳû뵽ġ
ҰӵĿֲѹĲѣΧкöʵµ˸ǱѹȵѪûֱһڿѪ
磬ô죿
齿Щ࣬ǳ
ԱߣѣԼ˵ĿⶼˢˢϣȻҪĻж
ֻͳƵﶼЩţΪȵ챦ʮ֮˾ָӦǳҵĴ֮
ΪҵӵܣǾԿԼҵĴ֮䵽
˲УؼҲͬԣؼΪ۷֮һ
񽣵Ҳֻǿһ۱㲻ٹģоûʲô챦챦ģֻķԸжǡ
ѾͷȫǿϷģУȫǸˣֻҪ뿪ǣǺˡ
ʱоΧ˲ٽŹעĿ⣬ԽգȴڼĿע£ҡҡͷȲǸû뵽ôˣݴͣ챦Ҳ𲻵ʲôã
벶ȸں󣡡
ף漴ü΢ĵҵȸĺ棬һЩϺ꣬ˣ
Ҳܲô࣡
ʼ磬Ҫ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬺Ȼ֪˭һкЩ˶ѹǰȵķֱȥƿ֮ڶ
ˣ˶ˣ
˫۷Ź⣬Ǽ
ߣͳҲսǰͷ޲õһȣõ챦Լ
ֻϧ첻Ҳ˿춯
ǵʵȻڻԪ½Ƿǳ˵Ǵڰμһײ㣬ǸƼĵط
һκ춯±Ϊʸ֮ģʱҲһܹȵǣ
ңˮɽϣүҪֻ콫͵򼴿ɣû˵Ҫһ֮
ܹߣÿѾǸ˳ң˳үӣ
ҪΪˣָǳԴ

Ȼ䣬һҺ𣬳ǰĳ˱ֱӻУӰ׹ڵأȻѾòˡ
⣬Ҳɱ¾ĵ
ɱ¾ʱ𡭡
ĵ⽣ӰڴʱչȺеǸֻսҲ̶á
ʱ·Ҳ쵽ʲôػƮɢǱŵѹҲʱɢ٣һҲԽԽ˲뵽սɱ¾УѪƮɣԭĻǶôޱȴ̱ǵϢ
ߴĺɱȴǷ΢һЩҲû¡
ǰһУ첻̾һ
νΪΪʳ¾ָɡ
磬ǻҪȥ𣿡
˴ʮӣָǰ˵Ѿ˿ʼĽӽˣһǽȥô
Ļû˵꣬ȽӽȹȿڵǼ˱໥ȶҪȽڣȴû뵽һɲǼ䣬İɫӿ֣ڲĹ򣬱㽫ǼֱӶ˱飬ںǵĹУЩ׷ѿȻѾȫʬˡ
һĻȴҲס˺ˡ
Ѫסʬ飬һɫޱѿ
ֱڣǲ˱ȵĿֲ֮ǰ챦Ӱ죬ȫȴһ㡣
ô죿
һʱ䣬˶׷ǰһ
磬ѵˣǻҪٵ𣿡ʵ
£Ǻǡ£Ҳȥ
ʼ磬ɫЩʵߵĲԪǰںңĸֻûأӦЩȥ̽·Ҫȵ
ֲ㲻ǶأԭҲ춪һۣЦ磬ҷԽԽˣ

ԣЦá
磬˵ؼɢ챦Ϣ᲻Ҳ˼Ļؼҵ˹ҲΧɣü
пܣ
ף˵ңؼɢϢӦ֪ˣԿ²Ƕļ
ˣ
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飬򣬾ҺͶľ壬ϧҲı֤һܹôֵн챦õ˵ͳˡ
̵ĳ֮⣬ֻһ΢
ȵ챦ǳҵĴ֮ôӵгҵմѪǣ֮Ǹν챦׽һЩ
ȻҲֻһֿܶѣ
Ͼ౦ﶼģ¾ǳҵĴ֮֮ǰҲпǳҵʹֵģ
һʱ֮䣬˵ԵԽأѾͷҲ
ݡ
Ȼ䣬һУкЩ˷׷׳ȹȿڳȥʱԭͣĻսɱ¾ȴһչһĶǰ棬ͼǰڡ
Ǹղż˵ƺǲδʲô̫Ӱ죡
Ͼ챦ǰ˭ܹģ
Ҫˣ
һĻεҡҡͷ
Ȼ򵥣ƾĻͿԳȥôҲܳΪⶫĽˡ
Ȼ컰˲䣬ǳǰĺЩٴαɫֱӶ˱ѣͬΣͬȫʬͬǣⷬ龰ȴûֹ챦ĳ嶯
ڵڶ˱ɱ֮˲ûͣ£ǰٶ˲죬ҪץסЩɫ΢ɢʱȥ
ˣ磡ǾҪȥˣ
״ʱЩżĵ
İɣûô򵥣㿴ţ
췴ЦˣЩΪ˱ԸҪԼˣû˿
˰ɣ˺ܶ࣬һ࣬һ٣


ţۿЩ˳ɫַΧΪ˷֮ʣȴǺĿռ֮мٺХǸӦɲǣ㽫Щ˲ʳ촷ۣѪˮƮ䣬ӲĹͷĩ֮֮ǰɱѵЩ˵ȴҪ
òŶ
ҧ촽ƿ⣬ʵȴ۾Ź˵

ҹƣȵΣտ»ֹЩֻǣ޷ȥ̽
ڻ𣿡
ȣȣ
ף漴ǿռ֮кͰɫļ϶ΧУȥʣʮˣȴ˽ѵľأɾԥУǵĽҲӲһʲôӦûС
̶̲ʱʱ䣬ϰ˲һĻڳ˶׷׵һ
֮ǰֻǲ챦Ҳ֪ղɢȴ˿챦ټѾϰֱ֮࣬ڳԽܣ֪㲻ǳʦδأ


1041 ټл㣬ҵ
磡
ʱԶһϲԼǸεŤͷȥ˲ǱˣлλлҴС㡣
ȻΪл㻤ľʮҲǽ档
ֻлȻ죬Χ˵Ŀⶼ٣Ůòݣڳ˶׷׳ͶԸĽʺ޵񡭡
лڶ֮елȻƲ֮ŮȴҲһٵҲʶлҵЩҲȻûȤ
Ͼô˵лҲؼҵĸ壬лұʵҲǲ
Щ˿ɲΪ̰òΪлҵĵˣ
лС㣬𣿡лߵǰƽʵ
֮ǰ˵ǼŮҲûилʲôɫһʱлֻձúΡ
û£
лҡҡͷ˵ҵͼλ嶯ĹȥҪһ£ڿƺСҶһˣ
Ǻǡ
ЩֻһЦ÷ʼ硣
˵лС㣬òȥ㵱̽·ʯɣ
ûĵ˼ȻǵȷǱһЩҲᱻͬһΣݱ΢лСվһ𣬻Ƕ뿪ɣ
㡭
ĻεձøлҧҧϵǸɡ
ҿɵлСôƺ
æڰ֣ƲˣҲ˵ˣ֮ûʲô˵ģ

üǳ󣬱ǳлԵ˼лС㣬þʲô˵ʲôʲôðĵطҴǸˣ㲻Ҫϣ
Ѷ㣬ҡ
лǲ֪λӦѵĻڵǸֺγһֳأ
֮ǰãл㡭
ǹ˰
ʵǿȥüСҲǹģǡ
ţ
Ļû˵ֻ꣬һɿֲѹȫɵɫ䣬æԱȥ
˫΢Уĵ壬һЩòҪϣ
ûܹԼǳԼŮˣʶľȻ͸ˣ
磬壬Ǹл㼱æ
Բ𣡡
岻òͷֱУɣٸ˵ȥĻһĶ֣
˵ֻǲôȥ
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˵һ䣬漴ѹȫ
˷ٶȴǴл˼𺳣һֵ죬ʵڲô˿ֲǿʵ
磬λ㣬ûжģ
лһæȥʲô
˵ʵڵģȻǲʶҲȷǣлڵȷûκζ⣬ʵڲΪǼ¶ǽ
Ȼֱڣл㶼֪˵ľݺʵʵȴһڸһҪ˽ã
һŮ˵ĵУлԼĸָоԴӼδһΣ
л㣬ȴҲǵĵͷδκα̬ǷҪߣҲ˵ģֲĵ̣
ԽԽˡ
߾ˣлǱʮȻ˵μȴ໥䲢κ綼ûжлκᣬôһֱ찲ĵȴʱţȴԽԽͼȣȴٴαȫʬĸΣ

תۣʱѾֹȥһʱͷҲ
Ȼҹȥ
лüԣȴû˵ʲô
ʱҲ׷ײټڳȥϾôˣѵѾ㹻ˣ¾֮ǰԪ֮ˣ˿Ҳ׷ȵĿ˵Ŀ־壡
ıȣɫԽԽ֮ҲԽ졣
˾㿴ңģڵȴŻʲô˹ȥһ̽ҶǱ֪ľ˭ֻȥأ
ֻ£ڶԵúǾᡣ
һ棬ĳڽ챦ȡߣһҲϣܹȥǱ̽Լ֮ȥиİȫС
ĸìУʱһһĹȥ𽥵һնӶ߻Ȼȸ¶ȴû̫࣬ɸһʮֺĸо
ţ
ģĿһо˲Զһռ䲨ӣʥ˲ˣ
˴˻˷׷׾쿴ŴӿռǼӰ֮ʱȴǺŮһͬ˺ܶ࡭
ҼҶݣĳҲүүԨ⻹ҵԪ׶εʮŵӣҲļˣۡ쾪ȵǣīλ㶼ˡ
ϣүү
ЯŮǰǷ񣬶ŵǹ񣬡ҵȼ
һλ볤ϵͬѾȷ˵飡ŵеλжߣǾͲòִ֮Ǽҹ棬ݸĵļҹ棡
û뵽Ҳ
ԨһЦǰڻԪ½Ԩ緢ʮ㡣
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ͼλʱīȴܵ鼸Ůǰ֮Ϥ֪ŮѶµķˣȻ֪ʶְº͵ҲǺĳŮЦŵͷʾ⡣
Ա߲Զл㿴˫оѡ
ΪлҵС㣬ܶ۷Ҫﲻ˽⣬ڼ˲ƹʱ㾪֣ĳƺԼЩŵӶĹлľȱ˾
С㣬⡭
忴Ҳľ
û뵽
лһЦ壬Ĵˣ羹Ȼһ
һ졭
ֻл㣬˭ţôΪһɣ
ԭٲԭԼôԼҲûбҪȥֺõл㣬ʱ˲㳹׸ı⡣
лȷлҴС㲻٣۵λʵһܹȵù죿
ܹңлҼڶ߻첻ȥˣҲȥͶҰҪ֪ҿ۷֮ףʵȻӹɣ
ʱлڸǰδеİûڣѾʼ˼⣬Ҫԭ
ôˣ
ûлǱߣڽͳƼ򵥽һ󣬱ЦŵòҲΪ˱챦ɣ
Ϊʲôأ
źЦЦԵедϰţҲе£үүͶһͬߣ˳㣬ԴСǷܹѰҵͻƵ
ԭˣмڴˣҾͷĶˣ
Цף漴ȻǻһаЦյԨߺٺЦүӣиĺϢҪҪ


1042 ԨĿϲۣ
ôصӣԨһֱһݺ˹ȥЦСӣүүգʲôĺ£ĪҾͿҪﱧˣ
Ԩ󣬵ȴ˶һɲǼϽŮ৵һ±ͨ죬һ׷ײ֪νӿڣȴЩԹ
ǲҪӣֻǲ֪Ϊһֱϡ
¾ôɰôϲɱϾҲֻĸŮ
̫үүˣ
ҲܹȥһԨУ·ĳЩ׺ӣŪԨЦá
˺ˣСѾͷ㶼̫үүϲŮ˰ɣԨòģЦ̫үүĺӱͲˣҪٳĻҪûˣҵСڣͷŹ̫үүɣ
ߺߣ
С˼Ԩ˺üôǿŹһĻҲڳ˾̿λҼǹЦ
Сӣ㻹Ц
Ԩû취ԴԼӻǺϵġһۣǳСҪٸҴգŪĻôʰ㣡
үүͲһ£
ٺٻЦҶ˵ǺϢϢйأҲйصģұ֤Բʧ
ˣȥ£
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ϡĲϡ𣿡
ЦҪǹӣϵϢأ
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Цүӣλһ𣿡
ˣ
Ԩһ㶣漴Ŀɨ˿񽣣ͳˣȷһǾĸ׶ľأ
أѵȥȥˣ
ԨæСӣôܹһȥҪʲô⣬ǸôͣСӣһТĶûУôʰ㣡
˵䣬ԨֱŪæүӣͣ£ʲôʱ˵ȥȵˣ
СӣϽ˵Ԩͣ۵
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ȻܿԨȴƲƲ죬Ŀ⳯飬ԼŮȥЦ飬ѶүүǵȥĶˣǹϢɣ
һһšһһԨ˻˵Ůͨ죬Աģһǲ޵ӣŪڳ˸Цϡ
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ںü˫ĿĽУҲɣ㽫ȥ˼ڱɽ֮󣬰ЩռЩɿޣԼǱռ飬ȫһһʮĽ˳
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ĽȷͶľȥʱԨ֣˵˼֣ݺᣬ޲ȥҵúõذ
ȻԨݲһˣΪĳϵɲܲ˼
ˣүӣ
ǺһЦּóһЦŵǵ֮ǰҽģϵ˵кܶ໰棡ҿû͵
Сӡ
Ԩһ۽ǵˮЦһŽ˹ȴû̹ۿϾﲻڼУΧ˶עߣ¶СһЩܹǺõġ

λ湻İ
ʱԨδȫĿϲѹʱ򣬱öľ˵ˡ
ľľƣԼλϣҲͬǣȴûжľŵӸ棬ȷҪһЩ
ľ֣
ǰľ֣ʱֺƵЦݣȴǴΧ˼𺳡
ΪһֱڴԣľҪ۷֮׵ĵλȡ֮˵ӦǳУ໥ЦݣҲôϡ
ϷҲݵô棡
ϾҺͶľ֮䷢֣ǲܱ֪ģ

ں˽̸һ󣬶ľس֡
˾٣ǲԶл;˸Ŀࡣ
쾹ȻľҲ˹ϵܣ
ɣʲôݰ
лֻԼ۽󿪣޲ܹȥץסʸ
ףûǸҲûʵ
飬Ѷ⹫
ľƽǰŮԹԵǷʺá
磩̫⹫
СѾͷҲˣԵޱȹɿɰղȥԨģˡ鶯
⹫
ԶľƵĳƺлʱ˫ֱۣԼġ
Ťͷȥлŷ֣һѾʲô֪ˡ
СС㡭
һŵĴˣ˰ǰֻϣдֶԸǣȻؼҳ棬лҲˣлЦ
֣ľ֡
˾ҺͶľϵ֮õʱ򣬽ռűԼͬ
һЩĻʸ壬ʸΪףʮˡ
ұߵԶؼңΪףʮˣзطȻС
ںһЩԼңԼҼԼΪףŮ󣬴¶ʮˡ
񣬻ʸ壬ؼԼԼͬʱټ֮ǰȺִҺͶľ壬۷ڴ˵ȫۣڳ˴˼𺳣ԭ챦˷׷Ϣģһޱȳ羴ĿǣȷԲʮ֮ڣ˲䰲һƬûٸҴ
ȻлҴСл㼸һĻˡ


1043 ߣ
۷ۣ򼸺ѵһ飬λԳ֣𺳲ѡ
ؼҼȴЦߵǰЦСӣҲû˵ȥǶѲ㵱ؼʲô˵ħ𣿡
ؼ˵Цˣ
ǷǷЦⲻôʱȥ߶Űݷõģȴû뵽ܹڴ˴ټǰң
ݲһˣɱô񣬲ȻǿɲŹҰЦ
ΪؼҵļԴ̬ȣлҴСл㿴Ŀ࣬ζ
ʸʸԼҼԼᶼкȻڿԳ⼸λУܹǶ֮⡭
ȻһйأҪʥǿߣҸҺͶľǰλļΪܣɲ˲ӣ
ЩʱǶڲ²⣬пܽΪǿߣлԵĻ˵ܹʮ֮ǰǱؽᴴʷ¼
С㡭
վлЩɬ

лﲻ׾˼ε̾һ漴壬ǱҪȥȡǵԭ£ؼ֪ˣлҾΣˣؼҲ׷ĸ㷢仰ûлҵ֮أ⡭ңҰ
ʲôΪǣȻǣҹͳƶ⵽ǸԬ׵Ķ֡
֮ǰлֵĻԣͶǶˣ
л;壬ʱߵЩлһҲɫޱȸӣһЩһӵˮڱž壡
˵ҵˣǻô¡
첻һǶľʸ壬ԼԼؼҽã˵ֱһ޴ս
򣬿»ûһܹɣ
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˭ţʱΧٵҲ׷״۾һǵӶǾ첻ѣҲûΪǵüë嶯㱻ʬҲû˸վ˵һɣ
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ƳǴΪ˴֮ģܹ˳ȡãʵڲҲֻܵ´εĻˣֻǣν챦֪ǲҪҵĴ֮ǵĻǾ͸鷳ˣ
˵䣬ü΢ĳܴһۣô˶Ϊν챦۷ڴˣİҲް취ߣһѵĻİԼô
뵽ƵĿ㲻ȥֳԹ𪽿۵СҼµǸƶ̥ϸԺ鲻ԽĸֳСǸξξĳ˵òȻʼ𽥳ת䣬óֱһڴʱЩ󡭡
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һæƲߵʲôԸ㻹֪ôôԸŮ˹һˣ
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ͷϾԳҲʮ˽⣬ҲĽ͡
ɳȴЩǰδеĻң˵ô϶ʵôģ¾ԼҲ

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󣬵Ϊ̺ԪԵʣڳ˶һǶ˵Ƶģòٱڵ̸˶׷װһ˫˫Ŀ⳯ڵλȥ
ҶΪ˱ȵ챦һȷϣ
ϢҲȷǴؼɢȥģȻţȴҲλһ£ֽͬȹȿڴЩΣһȫͨ
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ȻҲǿңһ㣬ǲĻʹȥ
˵ĻȻЩǲϣ˻˴£в߻Ǿݹǲˣ򵥵ĸ֣ߣ
ʱѾЩɱ⸡֡
ЩȴһɫĪ⡣
Ȼ۷пν˲֪˲ϵδ֪챦ڳûһԸΪױһҪǵõǸ챦ܹʵܹһԾΪ֣ǻ壿
ԣ֮һʱ䣬˾ûκλӦĻԵ΢ţЩ
ôǲԸô
ɨһˣ۾еˣȴǽͷȥӡ
˵Ϊ챦ĴңԸʹ˷˵Ҫ£ͬԸģ
ʲôʱлܹƣǾͺˣ
л㿴ǰһĻɵø̾
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лЦһûлӦʵﶼ⼸ܣ
лֻؼҵĸ֮һͬڶˮҶȲ̸Ϊ۷ִڣ
ܹһǺõģҲǷܹʵֻ֣ҪķȥŬֺγһֳɹأ
ˣ壬ǻؼĻ𣿡лƽʵ
Щʲô
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лЦף֮ܶʵˣȻ
С㣬
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ף
лε磬ˣ˵ˣŰɣ»˲ģ
Ȼл㻰ɲǣԶһԪ֮վ˳


1044 
ؼ°ٻʯΣ
ΪʯεԪ֮վ֣ɫЩʣؼ󣡡
ԭʯˣ
˹֣Цʯлʣ
¾Ͳˣ
ʯȺһ㣬ٴιֺؼȻ챦϶࣬пֻһ֣ôҵȽڣпܻλ֮ǰѰôʱָν
򵥣
ЦЦصҲǴҶڵĵ⣡˵Ȼ챦λУ嶼ֱһԽֻҪܹıضԥ
ؼԴλôʯֵ
˻һȴλɫ˲䣬Χ֮˸Ƕʯָָ㣬ٵ˶Ϊǻòͷˡ
ʯܷģ
ҲɫһȻȫȨλҲǱƳشλɻģϾڶ򣬶ؼҲǶˣʯΪΣⷬشʯɻ⣿
˵ô
ʯμæؼҪᣬ²޻֮⣡
ˣǲ֪ʯɻʲôǣ÷񣬼ʵֻɭȻһЩ
У
ƽˣѹԹȥʯȴԥջٴοڵؼ£µȷһɻ󡣡
˵
ؼ˵Ҫҵλİжǲ֪λҪΰҵȣѲҵȥڻңƳǱȵϰΣգ
ȻҲͬĵġ
ϾֻҪǸˣûвϧԼģȥ˵ڻ£׳նԸȥ
Ȼᣡ
ЦƳЩϰΣգдΣȫ֮󣬴ҲŻȥ֮ǰ˵ǵİţҲΪ˴ҵİȫǣϾҶΣյĵط֮һ˭Ҳұ֤ٻʲô֣֪ͣʯɻ⣿
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ʯͷڨЦ֮֮ǰðؼλǰ£κǣһλԸ
˵䣬ʯٻЩ˵ӣ׷׳ǷǷʾ
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漴ֻĿ⳯ȥĵλ֪кǣɾʯһ˵Իһ󣡡
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1045 ѩħ֣ϣ
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ʱȻڿգ˫ӡһԪԺмƻõλÿƮ䣬Χȿڵ⻷໥γһĻӳ״̬
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ԣٴοʼǰ֮ʱ˵ɫ֮֮ǰȻ˼֡
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ٴл㾪㵲ѣҲûκα¶ԹԵվһԡ
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ͶľҲû˵ʲôϾԵȷʵʵ˵ʵһΣܿ϶ûġ


1046 ѩħ֣£
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⻹вٴ˶ڹţһֱȵȷµͨûκΣգһ롣
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һЦûллЩЦǺǵѾͷ·ǳƵģͬҲû񽣺Щѩħֵսϡ


1047 ѩƵʳɱ¾ϣ
СѾͷˣôĵģ˷׷Щлл˸ȫ޷ֺں顭
ϽƺѾϰˣһЦҲûжԣǰͷѩħֶڿ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
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ʱһұϰ׹˸ѩƾֱӳˣлЩһμѩƵ˷׷׾֣俴ѩС֮ڳﹷģл˫۷Ź⣬һʱϲôһɰС
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뵽㣬л㿴ǵĿ͸ӵ𺧣ֻϧΪ֮ǰҹ飬ǵĹϵԾɺܲʵȴʼնһѷ죬һӶ޷ˡ
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ҹܹ˵һУҲܻΪ

Ĵһҵĺ漴üӰǱ߼˹ʮͷѩħ֡
硭
״ɫ˲䡣
Ȼû˵ʲôܹļӰһˣȴǴǱߵ˿ǣ뿪֮ұͣ
⻰Եʮָ߰лһʱ˷׷ü
Ҫֵ죬Ҳջ֣ĵǼ߰ɣ


1048 ң
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Ȼȴ˿ǣ·ûƵģǰȥ
ңȷ˵һеƫϵļűȽˮҪԲһЩҲ̫࣬ҲԼңһԼҽףȻʵ̫ǿȴûжǡ
ΪЩ˵Եʣ֮ǰλڵĵطҲԶȻ֪и˺λӣȴ֪˾졣
ȻҲʮͷѩħ׷ɱҵԵʣĵӣҲҳ˵
Ҫߣ˺òã
ɥʱߵǼҲǷ׷׳ȣԵüΪ
磬Ĳǣߣź洫Щ̵ʵ
ƽΪΣ췴ʵȻ֪ҵĴڣȴô˽⡣

һʱͣѺҲϾǶһֱߣȻҲ˽⡣
֪һЩ
лʱĳûоܾ˼ʱһϢæټԵȻƽȷ٬һЩǿѣҲаŮ飬ԣ˵Ҳҵһţпʮ֮ǰʥһ
ֻΪƽϰһЩȥ¸ղŲŻ
л˵΢˶٣ԥż磬пܵĻȥһȣҶΪ֪Ļмѵģ
ȻҲ˵ںҵĸмֻǣֻǡ
л㲻֪ȥͣҲ⣬˰ֵˣ㲻ض˵ˣȻΪ˲Ǿ;ǰɣѩƣСߴǻҪԶ𣿡
ء
ߴߴ
Сһֱ绳пٵĵԴ޲ھͳȥƵġ
״ЦãûĵˣȥȥɣƽʱƵģȥ
ɲǼ䣬컰£׹һʮͷѩħֻͷ΢ǿһЩ൱Ԫǰңľ൱ڵԪܸѩƺСߴȥʲô˺
ԣڽӵʱ䣬Щѩħٴʧʮŵıɫ壬ֱѩƺСߴ븹ڡ
ۡ
һĻߵļ˶׾ˡ
ѩƺСߴ»صǱߣ΢һЩæлλæҽңǷһ飬ʲôҪľ˵ұ֤浽
˵ŻʱԼؿڣҲһЩϰԵİȻ
漴ƺЩãһﵹҲܿĸıһ£æЦ˼ֻǺܸлǣʲôɲ֪ǵ֣к񱨣
ˣˣ
˰֣ԵԼСıǣ֮ǰѾ˵ΣգʵԲһЩûǾ뿪ɣ
˵䣬Ǵ˼ǰȥ
ɵһٴȥ컹Ҫʹϼ꣬˼˵ʲôʵԲһЩЩ
ҵʮ궼ѾԪǰˣʮ֮ǰͻʥҲмֿܵģ
ȻߵʵԲǵԪʵ͵ܳü˵ĻҲȫԪĽ׶ΣĪ˻ܸǿһЩ
һУһ΢һ⣬˶ᣬôǿôܻôȫ
Ƕ˵˼ǿ
ܵߣٺЦҪҸضúõдд裿
ûȤ
ƳһļһԵĻȳȥ˴ɣ
ιǶò˰ɣ
ٺһЦ漴ƳһߵϽŮôŮΪˣЩŮôܹأİɣһģ
ûȤ
صǿȻЩģΪûĹâƾЩݺݽѵһˡ
ιǶֵ̫˰ɣ
ƲƲ죬ӦĻҾһֱ㣡ٺ١ҿֶܼã
⻰ͣס˽ŲŤͷȥ
ιǶôʲô
һ˫ֽصĵҿˣֻϲŮ˵ģ

⻰ټǹģͷߡ
͡
˿̣ǼŮҲЦһ֦չȻǱ˾ٸЦˡ
ۡ
ʱ˫۷Ź⣬æյŮǰǷǷȼλŮ֪û֪λŮķλŮûѣǾҲˣǿΣ
ǼһϰԼүΪ
ûԽԽڵɫڡ
˼ŶѾϹˣ
һЦĸ첲
ޣûû£
Ȼ漴Ŀ궢ѣлŮ
ҺãûκľٶڵʱȻ̸΢һЩȴκζ࣬ͱˡ
˵ͦȤģ
ЦЦ漴Ǿ㵵ĿУߵһߣͬĸ첲ǲ˼ҲϹˣ
ɣ
ʱŴͣѵĵǾȻһϹ
ʲô𣿡Цûûʲô
Ĳ֪ôӦԣ漴ŤͷлǸòҲǡ
أ
Сһգգ۾漴ߵǰֱż촽ǣ漴ŮӵһͬЦ
Ƕţ
ʱɫޱĽʺ޵ĳ˴Ĵָ
λС㡭
л㣬ȻлȴһЦ٣㲻ʶˣ
ʶôһ
ҽл㣡
лʲôл㣿ĸл㣿
΢֮󣬶Ȼӣ㵵˫ۡ
˵أ
ˣл㲻ٴЦϷʡ
ðɺðɣ֪˭ˣ
εʼ磬ʧȥȫһʴԴԭëѾͷֲøղҾ;е죡ˣҪ¿һˣ죬ôͲҽʮ˸ŮҪˣ
һģһЦ⣬֮ǰͷߵҲһЦã
ȷЩ档
硭ҽ绹ô
ߣŮһЩ󣬺ٺЦ㿴СڶǹһˣҪ̸һЩ£ô༸ãⲻҲôӰ


1049 ħصգ
һܼܼģ
һﻹŹ죬ڨЦʲô簡СҵҪҲ࣡ǱλɩӲһ㣬лëѾͷƯһ㣬һͺˣҲҪ̫࣬ô
һ˾ٵ޳Ѿ˸µʶ
Ǽ֮˺޲תͷߣװʶǼһ
ô˵ô
ûĵҸ㣬ûУҪôԼȥңҺ㣬죡
ʲô磬ôô˵أҲ̫Сҵˣ
׻˵úãǰİٴλŻĲֵܹ־СܣѵעԵô˵ǲأ
а㶼ôòλɩˣѵԸ⿴Сҹ¿һôµȴһ㣬Ҳ̫ˣ
ߴ˵ͣȫһ룬Խ˵Խ˷ܣԽ˵Խ㵸
ͣ
ʵȥˣתԪһȣ˲죬һģ
˵ˣûʲô飡
췭Ű۵ˣҲǲˣʲôϽ뿪ɣˣ
磬ڹС𣿺ٺ١Ҿ˵϶СܵģһЦ
˵٣ǰ׳ջɵӰ
лûڱϵУղ˵ʲôƯһ㣬һ㣿
ûûУĶ˵
лǲУæ죬ҡͷ
ôˣл
ţԶԣ϶ˣ˵㰡Բԣæͷ
Ǿ˵ҵĶˣлƲš
ңҡ
ղŻһڴ˿ȴǳ˽ͣ˷׷̿СѾͷǿζģڿһ·ڿϷƵģʱʱĻľƺ«ϼڣٺٺٵЦͣ
ˣ
Ȼסˣ漴ĳлȥĵлС㣬λٹϵֲܲøղһֱҳ־Ǻǡ
ᣬлҺйϵѣ
л㼱æ͵ҺҲֻǰʱʶѾкܶûмˣ
ˣС㣬ûʲô˼ţЦ
ǰˣҲϣˣ
Ҳ˵˳ų춪һֵİۡ
Цһ£ؿ˵ȷûʲô⣬Ů֣ȴ޴ӽͣҲֻܴͷĿԼԹ¡
ˣ磬㲻ҪߣҸ˵ܣô
һִյǰĵ˵
ʲôܣһ˵ʵڵģ治ܴٿʲôܡ
ٺ١ȴӦңҲ˵
㲻вң
üëһƳһ󣬵Ե˵ɣĻĲߣʲôΣյĻҿɲһܹס㣡
ٺ١
ؿڣٿһţĻʲôΣգ
УҲ֪ղ˭ǿ캰صĽžлʱƲ죬мĵ
ˣ˵
ߴٵҲ˲úл㶷죬ĵСҴ˰ڵ챦õֵģû뵽ȥȴҵһʮֹŹֵĵطĹǾۻһϵĽҰ
˵ı죬û˵ʲôлȴֱǰ͵ĴӺһ£۵˵ûô˶ڵ𣿡
ëѾͷôݣĲʹ
űĵطֹһ䣬лǼĿ⣬æ˵˵ǻˣ¶ȼͣӦĵطˣ
Сʲô˵ģлƲƲ죬һĲм
ҡ
ӣ۵ëѾͷΪ㣡
ôҴһܣҴ𣿡л
㣬ҡҺвŮ
ˣٶԡ
£ղ˵бѩħֽȻ¶ȼͣ
ǺȻʲôƵģʵ︽ǲûһѩңĻŵΪѪϢʲô㣿
ףô֪ģѵҲȥˣһȻûش𣬵ַӦѾ㹻˵һˡ
ˣĶȥ
ߴٵɫ쳣ءͬ²һǿȾͽΪ˴˵֮ˡ
磬ôˣʵ
ˣϽ·
Ŷãã
治Ҷ˵æѰ˷ǰ·
ʱˣʮֲ˽˿̵ĺȻ仯лˣֻǿǲϴߴ·ޱصɫҲûжʣʵʵĸں档

˽һʱĴ˹ڵһɽʮ￪ͣ¡
磬ǰǸɽˣ
ָǰɫأǿÿʱÿ̶ЩﲻϽһһ󣬽ȥĹ󲿷ֶ˵ģɳȫõģ
ţҿˣ
ף˫΢еĵҲ²Ĳţȥȥ
£û˻Ӧʲôһ˲ʧٴγֵʱѾǸ޴ɽϷգ˫ĿȻâɨ·һУɫҲԽء
˲ƣ羹Ȼ˲ƣ
˻ã״˫ۣ֡
ʲôԾģ죡лƲ
ʲô죿֮ǰλǰһǸ죿
ϻ
ҾȻ쵱磿ⲻΰɣǡ˭٣Ҵ죡
Цѣɼæȴס죬ԶЩѩħֵע⡣
Уҿڰΰɣ
лƲƲ죬ԼһԸѣûͬҪСܣ
ëѾͷǲǳĺԣʹţҪǵطԣ¶Ҫֱˡ
ú˷ϻ
ȻлȴһƲ죬ܸɴĲٺ˵ǰǸ޴ɽȥ
˼ɽʲôȻôɫ仯
ȥҲ벻ףһע⵽Ҳһɻ󲻽ģռֱԴĽ۲
ңܿٴ˲ƻص߲غá
磬ô£ʵ
û´ĻӦһѩħֵħ
˫΢УҸղȥ۲һ£ֿԸߴųɣջҪȥ֪
ǻʲô磬ǽȥɣ˵űҪվ

ֱһùȥ۵ǿ𣿾Ҳڽȥȥ
ô죿ʵ
ȣ
һԵѾ֪ͨ˼⹫ǣȫ֮취ħĻԲ룡
ĿƺҪλȫһ
һʱ䣬ֻô¾򵥣ղޱء


1050 𾪣ɽ

ľȵˣֻһˣĶľ֮˲δ
ľǰã
һʱ䳯ľƹ񣬵öľ΢һۣͷЦЦ
ϾǸߵģľҲûаʲôӡ
⹫ˣ
֮ȥָǰɽ⹫˵ľǰ棬ȥ֪ˣ
ţ
ľף漴˫ۣǿľ˲ϢɲǼɫһ䣬ȻˣӦþǱѩħֵħˣ治֪˵أǲңȻ鶼
ȿȡҲ֪㣬ҲȥĶһЩ¶ˣЦѡ
ʱѾסˡ
֮ǰΪ̫Զټǵ˵֪Ͷľ֮ϵ˲ûж٣ҲֻܿľƶӺ̬ȶѡ
٣˰ɣ
лһЦļϷʡ
ţ
ûкл磬۾Щֱ㶵ģںͶľ˵죬ԾԵǰ㾪ȡ
СȻи𾪵ģ۾ǣлƲƲ죬ֻҲˣ֮ǰڹȿʱ򣬳˽ݵҲڲ˶١
ľ֣û뵽㾹Ȼǵһģ
һ𣬻ʸλʸӰҲ˳ԼͬĺͶľһҲһġ
Լ˼Ѱν챦ֻǿҲ̫
Ͼ챦ֻһ֮ǰ뾯棬Ϊ챦ڵҲиҲע˵ģֻǿٶѡ
ʸǰ
˷׷񣬻ʸҲЦİڰ֣Ⱦš
СӣĴţҿֱӹˣҪûʲôҪ飬жľҿҲĲ㰡ʸļЦ
ȿЦĻٴ֡
ˣʸϵܣҲЦˣ
ľصĵԼȥǰˣõĻ±ȽΪһĹأ
ôأ
˶ľƵĻʸҲɫһ䣬ٶ˵ʲô֮ǰľһ㣬ɢȥ۲죬Ͼǰôıѩħֽɲܾǡ
ܿ죬ʸɫҲǱޱأҪȽȥ
ʸǰ⹫
ʱĵѾ֪ͨ˼ǰǰҲܿϹǵǵ˵ɣ
Ŷǡðɣ
ʸͷħζʲôҲûǿзҪȥ
Ȼڽӵʱ䣬ҼԼҼԽؼҼ̸ǺԨԼīһ⣬Խһˣ
Լ˼Ѱ챦˼⣬ȻǶΡ
үүǰǰ㣬īƽ㣡
ǰ˴кǼֲŽħ齲˳
ھһȷϣ˵ɫǱüΪֻīȴûвκЩѾվһЦϣŪ磬īޱĵš
ǹһ£Ԩֵ
ǣүү
ԹԵ߹ȥλԼүүһԹԵԭء
ʱȴ˫ۣĵղûɣǲ˽绤һ
ţ
ףƳһ𾪵ĲӶڵϵ٣Цȷһڼеλ볤ϵͬ
ҵѽ
ױסˣ鶼ԵЩӲΧ֮˼˲ЦѣǳߵĹСĴЦš
лȻ֮ǰѾ֪ɴʱǸпѡ
ֱ˵еľ̳λʵ߹֮ͬ˲֪٣ȫ˲ֻӵĴڣ
īãһһγĶԱȣòȫžֻ֮еĵλҲʮ⣬ʱҪĽ飡
죬ŮݣҲȫֻܹеĸоǶԼŲͬ˵⣬챾ҲöԴڼϤ·𼸱֮ǰʶһ㡣

㣬īƽ㣡
ʮӺ󣬺ͼλ֮컺߻صǰǾȰλչһˣȫԵȣסǰ淢κ鶼Ҫ嶯ʱ֮һûĻʹŴ뿪ס˵뿪ȣ
Ļʮأ˷׷ɫ䡣
ְ֡
СѾͷʱǰץסֻ첲׷׾С졣
磬ô£ѵʲôΣգҪǱȥ˰ɣҲü΢ĵ
ǺǡҸղֻ˵صĶѣ
Цŵ룬λүүǸأȻʵһЩҪԱҲǿ϶ûģǹԹаҪסӦְֵĻȻְֲϲŶ
ĵľû֮󣬳֮ײϣһ衷ʥ֮ӦΪѣһûߵĻ˵һ췭ظ
Լģ
Ů֪·һ˾Ǿʮͷţġ
İɣ
΢΢һЦ׵㣬īƽ㣬鷳ˣȳȥ֮ǳԷ
ۣ
ֻ΢Цŵͷˮ˸ޱǻ۵ĹâīȴĵһЦ촽ŵĵСܵǧҪԼŶȻЩСҪعѣҶĵأ

˻һ˾ҺǶ֪īƵΪˣҲȥʲô
īƽ㣬Ͳ˵ģ
Цˣ˵ˣȥˣǼס˵Ļ
漴˵ǵĿУλ󣬼ٳǰǸɽȥ
ৡ
Ľɽʮϰͷıѩħַ׷ױ׽𣬶ȴûк֮ǰѩСߴЩɫ壡ӦСһֶΰˡ
ǿ
ǰ翳йϰɱ¾ǱסˡɬʿˮȻѾ֪˵ʲôˣ
ȴԲѣƽҲڼΪһȴųΪˡ˵죬ߵļλɩӣҪҲɵġ
һҪŬ׷ϴɩǣҲ̫࣡ǿ٣
սȭͷһ˲õһɢʶ˲٣ȴ˲ĿӣлһĨ븴ӣȴ֪ΪΣʱԺиֵĳǰ֮⣬ȻнڱǷֿĳ硭
ʱһɱűѩħֵͬʱλӰѾ뵽ǸߴɽУ


1051 ѩħ
ȷһɽȴߴޱȣһϰ֮ߣƺ濴ȥܴԼ˼ǱףһĿռã
һǣɫҲԽ˲١
𡭡
߸ߵĵΧıѩħַ׷ŭѣذĽλóȥ˲ǽǰΧм䡭
ô죿ʵСҲܴ
ô죿ɱ
˫ɱһǻһ˸ɫâĳֱӿ
ɱ˵
ľҲɱȻһɫޱȱϢֱּնɱ˺üͷѩħ֡
ǾͿɱɣ
˷׷׶֣ڣΪôԵʣҶû˿֣漴һͷһͷıѩħַ׷ĲҺŭϣɽвϻ졭
ɱɱɱ
ڲϵɱ¾УǿɱҲ
ȻڹȥʮӺԨȴǵһ֣ͣ԰˵ɱôã˵ˣҲͷħְɣΧƺô࣡
ǰҲ緢㣡
ľ׸͵£ǾȥҲ𲻵ʲô̫ã
ô죿
趯ǧýٴһͷѩħ֣Цõĵǲɱȴְͣ
ȸǣ취˵Ը
ã
ҲԣӳһЩħٵĴԪһ󷨣γһֽУͬʱҲΧЩѩħ޷ƽ巽Բ֮ڡ
ʱ򣬼ͣס֣ΪʵǿԵʣҲû̫ģֻǾüͷΧЩϹŹֵıѩħǣɫǳ
ǿΧ
ָɽΧһĶڣȻЩѩħֲϳֵĵطǸ޴ħƺһĸ壡ȽǸСڷסȻɱħĸ壬᲻£
˵ףѰ
ĻλЩΡ
ǰǸ޴ħȥͬ¥һ㣬Ѫܰ磬ÿһյ㶼ЩɽϵɽÿϵĹתƵɽʱ򣬱µһͷѩħֳ֡
ҪħϷڲϵİɫڵаɫǴӹȥģ˸ǶѩħһǿҵĻɱ
ܲһֱʹɣ
ЦѣȻ㹻ħҲİ
Ҫάֵģֻһܼ򵥵󷨣ûҲ𲻵κã
һģֻҪǸ˶ף˵λˡ
벻취Ļֻǿˣ
һʵڲУֻг󷨺һɱЩһ߳ǰȥֻҪܹħôЩѩħֵͲӣ
ڿֻ취ˣ
˷׷ףľȻˣղ˵סΧɽϵĶڣа취𣿡
У
ͷסڲ̫ѣֻ޷жħЩ죡ֻ赲Щѩħ޷
㹻ˣ
ľɫֻҪʱȥħЩѩħ£ħЩѩħָΪǣ
ðɣȥͷʵ
ȥɣ
Ǻá
ͷٶ˵ʲô˲󷨣ֱڿն漴˫ӡǲܶ౾ڴָеħ׷׷˳Ŀ½ܷȥ
ʱ·ԽԽıѩħҲĿתƵϣֻϧΪ̫ߵԵʣЩħǸܸȥκ˺
֣ľ֣Ľ
Ѿ֪ĹϵλĽ۾Щˡ
Ǽܹĺ󱳣˯Цüΰɣ
Ǻǡ
ԨԼľ㻰ɵ΢΢һЦϷοѡ
ʵҲףܹ֮ĳɾͣʵңͶľ岢û̫ĹϵһжǿԼģҲԽǶ⣬ľǸθ
Ѿ׵ĸıԼĲĹȥȣĶľƲŸһƵĳһ⹫
ǿ쿴С̫ˣ
ʱȻָϿյ죬ΪؼҼʵʥ۷ȴεľȡ
Ļ˷׷׳ȥ
ɢޱȲõĹâ˫ֻûӰÿһӡĴγһС͵󷨣ЩɽڶסħԾɿԿڲѩħ֣󷨵ķЩѩħָ뿪ڣȻ뵽Ը˵Ķ鵱ˡ
ҪǣֲٶȺܿ죬⸽ϰٸĶڣȴڲӵʱȫס
ٶȣʦҲֻ̾ȵҲ㣡
ˣȻѾɹˣҲʼɣ
֣ȥһչΧЩѩħֵɱ¾
߰ɣλ
ľƺǺһЦһͬܿ棬ڸâݺᣬɱ¾ϵУһͷһͷıѩħֽΪ޷ħԵʣΧЩħֱۿɼٶȲϼ١
ˣ
ɫЩףǼ򵥵Ĳ󣬵Ͳס̫డ˶Ҳ֮Уеҩļʱ䣬ڵԪѺľˡ
ϾЩѩħʵ͵ĶڵԪҪϰͷڲıѩħȫסɾǼ򵥵¶
ʵѾʥأټеҩʱ䣬ôһ
ף
΢ָһЩҪ׼صʱȴǺȻüͷһ壬עȫǰǾ޴ħϣ׼ȷ˵Ƿħ·֮һشƺطЩͬ
ѩħֳͨɫϵ䶯һ޴ע⵽ǸطȻԾǱɫȴЩԼɼ·Щ·ɢĲͬѰĺϢ⺮䵱˿˿ǳǳĿռϢơ
ڿʲô
·ѾɱΧбѩħֵļλȴڳ첻ֱ֣ӳߴ١
ˣ
Ӧɾ׼ȥʱȴȻסΣ뵽ʲôƵģ·
ôˣ
ˣλҲ֪Ȼ֣һڿն
ǿ
ָǸλãǲǺ֣
ǣô£λǲ⡣
˼Ƭ̺üͷһ壬ƺı伮мƵΣƫƫһʱ벻
ǿڤ棡
֮ʣͻأĿڣɫǾϲ


1052 ڤ
ڤ棬˵ѩռ֮вɣϹʱڶ˼
ҪǣڤȻڻһ֣¶ȺܵͣڤڵأضǱѩ죬ڤܹӶֻ֮Ҫڤ㹻ʱ䣬˵Ϊһķߣ
ֻϧּ̫С൱ûС
֮⣬пڤڵĵطضĿռڣΪڤڵҪռһǾԲģ
ֻΪڤʵ̫Եʣüλһʱ䶼ûջǴԨ˵ġ
ڤ棿
ԨĻ֮˶ܿȷ
ⲿλ·ȷ伮صĿڤ漸ȫһɢϢǺ޶£
쵹Щ⣬ȻĶ˼ѧԺ캣е伮ҵĵ伮û٣ʶ֪ڤҲ֮С
ˣԨܿǽڤȫ֪ʱϲ֡
үүô˵Ļе챦пǰħйˣʵ
Ҫô˵ĻҲûֿܣ
Ԩŵͷ˵ֻ˭ҲȷˣȻħϵ·ǿڤĻôҲζſڤ϶ھҪܲܽڤȡˣ
֮ʲôã
ѲɻúħһҲδ̫˰ɣ
Сӣ˵ʲôأ
ĻԨʱûͷһ£۵Ϊڤʲôʵ˵˰ɣڤһ˲ӵıʣܹռ䣡ȻڹһЩȴǿ˼㣡ʺĻӵڤ棬ڵʵѾҲˣ
ɣ
ʱ𾪵˫ۡ
쿴ӵСת͡Ǻ໥ںϵٶѾ㹻ˣԼүүôһ˵ô;ԼţƵģѵ˵ǿڤôǿ
һʱ䣬ǿҵĳ嶯޲㽫ǿڤȡ
˵˵ɣô죿ʱʵ
Ȼ˼ѩħ֮пڤη䣡
Ͼڤô⣬ҿ϶ֻһ˽ȡ
˵ʱٿ
ľԵǽһȻ󷨲ֶ֪ܼã
˵Ҳǣ
ľƴӮ˵ĵͷͬϾҶѰˣΪڤֵĻضľ𵴣۷ɲǽ˵˵ô򵥣
ңֵزѾ൱
ɲܹȵ˵ģ
Ȼ˵ڤŶͻаĻǿڳ˾;Բôˡ
ˣҶ׼ɣҪץʱ䶯֣
£Ѿָ˲ٵ춼׷׷ɢֳһ߽Ǿ޴ħΧм䣬ҵħûʶֻ֪Ĳϲѩħ֣Ǵ˾ٿ¶⵽Ϊǿҵķˡ
֣
ͬʱǿĹ˲ȫȻչ֣ΪĿռȶҲûȫ֣һռ̮ܹԱȴҲӰ죬ʱĿӡ
ͨʽ̺ޱǿ
ÿһεĺǾ޴ħݺݲһ£Ϊ˵Ĺ಻ϣħҲڲͣ˵ضɽҡƵģ޴ɽҲڲϲʱһֱơ
䡭
ء
Ųֿħ˾û֣ͣǽħ׻𣬷ǶȻͣ¡
԰
һȴüԵһܹһָ
䱾ĻôӦǿڤЧˣ
˵ǴôãܹһЩЧģָҲֲǴݻٵٶȣֻһЩʱѣ
ĶãһҪʸȵ
ȥǱȣҲ꣡Ϊ֮ؼҼ˵
ǴҾͼӰѾ
ʸ׼ټ˵ʲôʱȴͻأɫһ䣬ãҵģ
ݡ
ģɫâֱϮٶȿ磬һǿҵƿ֮
㣡
˼æʩչжûˣЩɫâȴڿһȦƶ׼ƵģϮȥ

״˾ɫһ䣬Ϊħûйǣ˿Ѿôˡ
ֱɫâȻƼ򵥣ȴмǿԵܹоһ˿вȻλ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
ܿ죬֮˱㺷Ȼ֣ЩɫâֱӴɢȥâҲٴɢһ
âƺ򵥣
Ԩ˵ܹоһ˿ǲ²ûڵȷпڤ棡
Ǿͼ
˵ҪСһЩⱻ͵Ϯ
ã
˷׷׵ͷڴҶʶķ£Ǿ޴ħȻԾڲɫâȴûиʲô̫Ӱ죬ħڻСԭ߰ʮ׸ߣһʱ֮ʮס
òһʱǡ
Цһ£Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻħһҲһɫâֱǶڵķȥ
ʲôһ
죡Ǽпǿڤ棡
æ˵ͬʱ˲̳Ǳɫâ׷ȥ
׷
˲ɣæҵ֮ǰڽʱڶڴ󷨣ǹâٶȻܿ죬ȴֱײϱ
˼æ׷Ϯǹâȴϵ޴ɽȦ´ʹ˲ƣ޷ץס
ĺÿ죡
𾪣Ѿٶʩչ˼£ȴǱɫâµĹâ޷׷ϣͣסΣƵĺܣ
ҵʵǲһЩ
εҡҡͷԳѡ
Ϸǲ׷׷ȥļӰܿȴǽעתƵħ֮Ĳλϣۼȵķ֣ڤ·ɴڣҫĹâ֮֮ǰ࡭

˫˸ĳһɲǼ䣬ǧý̶ֱ
ڡ
ֽƵǧýɵͨЩ·ֱӴ뵽ħڣ
¡¡¡¡
ɲǼ䣬ħʮ׸ߵӲѣԭ쵽ڵǼٻһƵĲϰڶ·һڲʹһ㡭
ģ
һڣԾֵʱ򣬶ϴүүԨľ
ʲô
һһתͷɲǣǱλ׷ٵıɫâ۲ɼٶȳʱʹɫ˲䣬ɴ˿̵ҪѾˡ


1053 ƣѹ
˫ͫԼѾȴǲ˼ĽʣԪȫתգۼΧγһ֣ȻȴֻǱɫâǺ谭ֱӴֱ֣ûڣŪһ·ǱɫâɲǣӶӲ˲١
ô£
ţ˫ȫԼС
ۡ
ͬľżĺ˼Ѫǽ
ã
챻ˣλɫ䣬ԨԥߣûʲôԨԼɹ˾ǳס
㣬ӡ
˿̵Щ
ҵӣôˣšô
λ𾪵ɫæͷһԭĸȻʼһСɫıڻţ֮ԸղûиоȫΪɫâʹӰ졭
ô
ԨˣҪֹȥȴæסĳϣСģ
үү
ҲЩֱĳ˶㣬Ͼ˭Ҳұ֤֮ɫı᲻ᴫȾϡ
ûʲôоʵ
У
ͷڴ䣡䣬ԽԽ䣡
˵䣬츹ıȴԾűɫĻ棬ƺһһڲӣÿ֮һСµı֣ЩɫӵķΧҲԽԽ㡭
ѵ˵ǿڤ棿
Ԩżڸô죿ܲ
Ҳû
ЦѣԪܲܽɣ
ã
ԨҲ˼ûӵǰ£һͬԪƾմڣȻ˵ľٶûЧԪɲǣʹǱٶȶ֮ղſһЩ
Уа
ʹŤӣ˼æͣס֡
үүǡǱң
Ϻһ㱡˪ҧԼȽħ˵
㡭
ĻЩԥʱԱߵĶľƵҲǵĲѣֻǸ벻ʲô֮ЧĽ취
찡ң
ҵѾάֲ˶ˣһɢЩѩħֽٴƵӿ֣ʱ͸鷳ˣѽ죡
ĺüλʱһЩ
аѹôԨʵ
еģİɣҺôҲа٣ôСѹƲˣҧӦ漴Ϊ˲Ӱ쵽ħĶԽֱ𽥳ԱŲȥһһǣľżһ˿ޱᡣ
֣
ǵһ죬ڳ붯֣ʱΪЩɫâѾڵԵʣǸѩħڵֿ˲٣İʱУѾٵʮ׸ߵħǵĹиǷɿСƵЩҲ׷ɢܹܵһԴħա
ֻϧκ˼
䡭
ء
ֲֿĹУǱѩħƬռ䶼ڲϵĲ·ʱһ㣡
ħСʱһɱɫĹâ𽥿ʼӣЩԾĻ·һ㲻˸Ҳ֪ǡɻʲôħϱɫâʢͬʱѾ֮һΧıϣȻҲͬһʱűɫâƣߺ໥ӳһ㣬Եޱȹء
ô£
ǰһĻ˿Ŀɿڴ
ˣǵĹҲûͣ£ǲħ׻𣬺ؽ롣

һ˲ͻأʹĴѾȫɫâ֣ħ֮γһֹϵƵģϵѾںһЩɫâ
ǡ
λ״һȴҧˣƺҪħɣ
ħɣ
⻰λɫ䡣
ٿ䣬˹
ӱѩħзȥıѩħֶôǿʵǱѩħôܻô򵥣
Դ˿ʼѩħûбֳʲôսȫǲϳ
ĻȴǻȻЩɫâͲǿڤ棬һĽʡڣᱻѩħΪɵĶ󣬲Ҵڵȷ˵һ룬ôûжѵĿܣ
ڱɵĺǲӾжϣпܽΪѩħ֣Ϊһµħ֮ǰħɹЧ
ͨЩ˵ɫøѿ
УһҪ
Ԩ󼱣޲ȥЩһϳǡ
ͶľҲǽ֣Ϊɫ˵ˣ¾ҲǺżġ
۱ϵĻʸԼԼˣȻɫɺܵǣȴ֮ҪƽһЩ
ķâѾ۷֮ϣ˵¾ҲûһܹᲢۣһҲˡ
ʮʥأǺε
˵˶ôδⲻĻᣬ˵ΪԸȥһЩδᡭ
ıѩħΪЩɫâֵԵʣһֺϵһƣԨҲûټħҲܵӰ졭
ʱԼһƬ㱣·ʱ᳹˯ȥơ
Ҳô
һ飬ѽ磡
ôҵˣѣҲΪѹ
ҾͲˣаٻû취
ܵ˴̼ԭ˯ľ˲˲٣ӵĽֱһ¶ּѣڲԪѾס޷ʲôЧĵֿ
ףô£
ģӷ֣Щıɫ徹Ȼܵĳƣϸ۲֮ȴɫһϲ漴ѸٵûԱ˵ĿעУΧȻʼƳγһȦһȦޱȹ籩ǿһ̾š
ѵʲô仯ˣһĻ˷׷ĿԨѾʱ׼ãһʲôԱ仯ԥĳ֣
ԨУҲһҪסԼΨһһӵ
һĴУҪ죬һˣǴ񲻾Ͷϵˣ
ŴŴš
ϻۣ漴Ϻڰɫâʢ󲻶ϵܵգۼγһ״࣡

ĿһǵһʱֱֻҵϵѪֵı࣬
ѹ
ҧ촽һȵͬʱźڰ׹âɿͷת˿˿ڰ׹â·ʶһĲϲƣڵıɫâʲôУ˵ڼˣ˵ķǳ٣
ռ˸֮ҵıɫ壬ҲǷɿգۼγһָ׸ǵĴСΣѹڵõ˻⡭


1054 ħ
ǰһĻλһ俴Ѿ滺˺ܶӣǷĲ١
ְǿĽ
ʸȻЦŵûĻӦʮɣû뵽ǾȻôһ£ĳɾͱؽ
ʮζʲôҶ֪
¾ҵУΪ𲻹ֻǽʮһѣںʱܽͻƳʮǣǸһԵδ֪
һֱ˽ҵˣڲ²ʮ᲻ֻһ˵
ҲɲôҲţ
Ǻǣλܣ
˻ʸĻЦʵȻѾﵽʥ򣬵ĳЩʱ򻹲ԱҲǹⲻ˵ֻԱ֮ģ
İɣҵҲ֪֮ˣ
ʸԼԼ˷׷Цŵͷ
ֻǴʱǶȴǲò˼ֽ֣䵱һμϾǰʮʵ̫һЩҪǱȥֻ֪ķ粨
ȻҲҪʸ˲Լ֮˵ϾҶͬΪҪضҪΪķչǡ
ֳʮĻҲһᱣȥ
Һã첢δֳڶ࣬Ȼ»ʸǶɱˡ
˫ر࣬ζʲôԶҪ˶ʱ䣬Ϊĵһˣʱǻʸ壬ԼԼؼһʲô֮ô
⹫үү
ʱ˵˳˺ܶࡣ
ôˣĻ˷׷׿ٵĿ£һЩ
ҶһЩ
ٵ˵ѹסڵĶʱжѩħϵҪ콫ħҲܳ׻ָ࡭ֻܼʮˣ
ʮӣڵ״ʱ䣡һħûĻ¾ʮҲ޷ѹʱʮа˾ᱻǱѩħɡ
Ϊħ֣пǳΪµıѩħ룡
ãˣԼСģ
ĻԥĿٵͷҲףħڵ֮ء
ԣʱ˱ٴչΪǿĹƣҲûжٱϾǣ˵ֻʮӵʱ䣬ҪץһУ
һεʮ˳Ϊʮѹ첢δʮֲʣЩʹҲûдﵽܳܵķΧҪĴ˿λȫĹУѩħС׸߶Ⱥ󣬱ͬը㱬ը
һ죬ħױ
ݡ
ҲһɲǣǱڱѹס˵ıɫâ˲ûħڵĵ棬ڴҶûӦ˲䣬һɫâϮգۼ춴ڴ󷨵ʧ
ǲĿڤɣ
ʸףӦǵģӣǿڤѾһԣҪȡǲ̫ܰ
ô
ԨûȥЩæߡ
û£Ѿȫˣ
˿̵Ȼָ˲٣ıɫʧԭͷϿյʮȴҲ֮ʧԵȣԨ׷дʯ
û¸ƨ
Χ׼˵ʲôʱһȻ˷Դ֮Եĳ
漴һµӻǲĿռ˳ͥŲһ˵ĳʡ
ʲôˣ
˫΢Уʵ
ҲǷ׷Զԣǿͺͨ죬ȴףͨôܴӿռ߳ԼҲ޷ɣ
Ի֮Ȼֵˣضһ֣пǿߣ
ǿ򰡣
Ǵһ֣Ҳǿߵһ֮У
ǰ
Ȼ˽ֵʱȴǾ㵵վɫϲѡ
ûˣ͸תԼֹںϣ⻹ĿֱͬԼԼ飬ԼŮڶеѪһ顭
֮Ůܹٶ֮죬Ҳͬľ޴ã
ǺǣСӣû뵽㻹ʶң
˺ǺһЦҲûʲôֱӳǰȴһֱó޿ɶ㡣
Сӣ㱾£һıѩħˣ
ЩɸֵĵСʧʥأ
ǰ
ЦãƳһԱѾЩ͵λ֪λӦ
ˣСӲýˣҼסȻҪҵȵʲôʱ´ټʱûдﵽʥأǾͱҶ㲻˵۵
ʲôʥأ
쾪ȵ춼ϲ£ˣȫǿЦơ
ԱߣҲʥ׶οšʥأһһ졯֮˵ʥô״ﵽģ
ңôɵҲԽǿ϶ԼĲ²⣬˱ضǿɣ
ǰǸɴھͶҲɣ
ķһۣڲʥأʥػ֪Ҫأ˵´μң´ʲôʱ򣬸òɣ
ЩԹϷʵĻʱ󾪣ԨǼæǰϢŭǸ˼
ǿ֮ŭʲô
ˣС֪
˰˰֣ĵԨǰɣԺúؽһף
ǣлǰ㣡Ԩһ⻰Ǹ㲻ףʲô
СӣҪ죬ھһ٣Ųţ
Ԩ˵֮ȴֱӳȭͷ
һĻֺгϲڳĿࡣ
֮ǰ뿴챻ѩħɵҺͶľʧȥĻʸˣ˿ȴǽ֣벻֮⣬Ȼһǿǿߣ
ҺðҺһֱûбֳĵ⣬һǿ֪ȥһȦĻʲô붼˾嵽С
ǰҪʲôֱ˵ɣ˵ġвƲ
Ȼ֪˵ʲôˣַĵ׽ȴ֪ǾԲẦġ
Сӣ
̬ȣһ׼ټвʱȴǶ΢ʲôɵõЦһ£ˣҲŲСӷϻ㣬ѾˣȻȥ֮ͰѴøȡ
˵䣬һֵɲǣһԾŵıɫвƣżǿԣܹܵϱֳһֺò
ڤ棡
˾ѣ΢΢һЦԵǿڤ棡СӣպˣУס˵Ļ´μʱʵĻ˭ҲȲ㣡
ŻĲ˵λԭʧǿڤȴǹԹԵǰͬСһᴥһֺõζ


1055 ͻƣˣ
ףôˣ
˾֣Ϊʧ֮ǾȻɽ⣬Ǹ޴ɽĻǰǿڤʵʵڴڵĻ¸ղŵһжҪǻþˡ
磡
磡
үү⹫
ܿ죬˷׷Χ˹СѾͷֱռĻһ˵ǵĵġ
鼸ŮټлԼ֮Ҳ׷Χ£
Ƕû̫
棬λүүԨڶ׷ȥֻһЩεߵĿڤ档
ȱֱֻܿ
ֻΪǸ˵ĻǰҲʲô˼
ڤѾģΪҲ˼ȥ˵˾ǸģҲûǸˣǸʮ֮˾Ŷǿأ
Ϊ˿ڤȥǿߣԴˮˣҲԸȥôġ
ܿ죬ֻʣһˡ
ף磬ʲô
ſڤ棬Ҫ֡
Сģ
״켱æץסǳĽڤ˵һ飬ԼΧ˶ʱһؿա
飬Ǹģ
ЦǺǵĽǸ˵ظһ飬漴ʾ齫
ң
ЩľϾղĽȷ̫ˡ
ţӦá
컹׼οû˵꣬ǿڤȴȻһ⣬˻ûӦ֮ʣֱûڣôҶɫһ䡭
飬û°ɣ켱æʵ
ûµأ
Цҡҡͷ漴һֽţĸо磬ڤƺû˵ôֲ
룬ӦǸǰæİɣһ˵
ں붨أ磬Ҳɣ
ã
Ȼô˵ˣ쵱Ȼܾ
ܿóʮħֱΧ󷨣ȫڣ΢˺һЩһѾ˫ۣϥڿУɫϡ
磬鲻°ɣǵʵ
ûµģ
ҡҡͷԼ˼Ѿ֪ǰΪʲôҪڤԭ
ԣԣ
Ϊ鱾;ˮ˫Եʣڤ˿ռ֮⣬ȻҲӦˮ˫ԣ˵˵Ҳֻʵѡ
֮ǰΪı黷һҲԶȥģ
ְֿ쿴ǻ
ģָǰСȸԾۡڻƯŶ棡
Χ黷˳һһĹâǱɫܣֹ֮УڳǶǷ׷׿۾Ź⣬ʵ̫ˣ
ʱ飬Ůٷһ㣬׵ʣ
ŴŴš
ʱͨ󷨵ĸӦ쵽Ʊ仯һƿ֮У鱾ȴҲͻ˱ԭѾ۷һ̸ǿ
ͻˣͻˣ
쾪ϲ֣ϲٵҲһĻ׷׳̾ѡ
ɹˣ
ֹȥʮӣŻ˫ۣоâ˸һֶڤ֮С
ʥأңʥ۷壡
ҲɹڤʵҲͻƣ̫ˣ
Ժұؽ԰飡
ݾϲ˳
ڿڤİ£ͻ֮ʱѾȶľ磬Ҳٶ໨ʱȥȹ̣һͬ˷ܵ飡
飬̫ˣ
ȹȥǺӵһ£ûشʲôСѾͷм䣬˵裬Ҫ
ã㣡
һЦԴһǲűڵı黷˳СѾͷܿĵһץסһܵϣʼ
Ȼ粢ȥӴ黷ȴϲ֮飬ΪĸԸȥ
ϲ㣡
ϲɩӣ
лҲ˹ȻûʥʵǴڵģ
𾪲ѡ
֪ԼµĴɩǣԲѰˡ
ԭһϷʰĳƺڴʱȴԽ϶ԼΪѾаӽԺ׸磬飬ԼҲɩӣ

ȥĶǵô
ڽǸѩħڤ֮һ˼ǰȥȻҲûκĿԣϾȴڵ챦ܽǿڤ档
߿ɣ
ʼ磬ЦŻص
ղɩѾ˿ڤ棬ѵдڵ챦𣿡ʵ
лҲǰͷȴĽ͡
˭֪أ벻ʲôϵ
ЦǺòһˣúõ棡ʲô챦ģǲԵߵ֮ô
Ȼôش𣬵ȴûô롣
ϾֻԼˣгͳ֪ڵ챦Ӧһӣǿڤ档
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1057 ɱ̽ܣ
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1058 ֮
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1059 սתѺ
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ڸղţ˿ǵٶԱø໥ֹҲǿ࣬ÿһȭÿһŷ·հԵĳϸǱɱš
Ϊŭ֣Ȼκε飬ΪһݲĽնɱúԼһģһưոݣ
ڸղ˵֮սʵҲ˵һϷԡʼҪ˵ǰģҲܹһͰɡ
ȻˣҲΪһΪؼսϾһսôǸԣӰǼ޴ģ
ֻǣȻԺ˵Ĳͬ
ĳϵӣʮӵߣľ⼸ݼ¾ؼҲȲ
ʱһһĹȥ֮սȴѾԽ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȣӿʼ໥̽ȻѾһ֮սתơ
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սУĵ׻һ仰û˵һˣĽļգ
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ȻºȴЦһϺôİڻöл㰡
лң
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µĶ
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ģῴģ
һۣ漴Ȼˣ֮ľ룬ȫٽڵġתתɲǼ·һƵģʺƶרΪӿһ㣬ƽ֮֮ǰǿ˲١
⡭
һĻ˫ͫʱ
֮ǰãϾʥ۷ʵ콻սҲԵֻ࣬Ȼϸо˺ܴв·ʶڳѹȶȥƵģ
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ĪϷ򻹾ëͷСӲɣ
ҧҧҲκεıĽԪתһơ
ǺǣϣΪ˱ʾٶĸлУ
쿴һаЦ˫̧ߣǧý֮䣬صĲӿէһޱߵڲתֻȳת֮תѺ


1060 תأϵ
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ʲô
ָоʱɫ䣬æתԪеֿǲŽֲ֮΢һЩ
Ȼܵ๥ûͣµ˼Ŀ²ûмڲϵǿ
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˫һУԪתͬʱǿƱΧͬһſըƵģȻըѿ
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ʱܿռըѵʱ䣬ɹĴĹɴʱȴԵüΪǱ˲٣Щ׵ͷɢҿȥ϶˲ٵ˿ڣԪ޸ѾȫȻ衭
һĻڳ˿Ŀɿڴ
ղŻһƽɫľ棬Ȼת˲ʥ۷֮ôǱֱš
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СѾͷ˷ֱܵƣ˿̵ϽŮҲĿԺ֮Уǣǵˣ
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ֻĵЩ֣֪ΪΣżĹֶΣڼЩϤ㱼·ֻصǸʮʱξУ˵ɫʱԵЩ㱡
һߵĶ棬ؼʮȴɫ䣬䱾ϣԼ׽ˣܹ֮ǰ֮ǲ˼ĵɴ˫ۡôҲţΪؼϵĸ׾ȻǰԵôǱ
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½ȫǱǿѹȥģɴҲܵѹ֮ǿŵģ
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Ϊ֮ԻὫ˵ȥΪľ̽һǼ˵仯Ͼ֮ǰͷϹԶ֪֮ԻӶȥԪ½ҲΪؼҵԵʡ
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Ӧ֮ǰˣΪʲôؼҵ֪ϻ֪أѵлʲôأ
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Ȼǰô˵ˣǲӦ̫ʶȤ
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ԣޱߵİ
ڳ˶ЩΪ֮壬û˵ʲôıǿٵı˺ü£ȻЩҡϪ֮仹ȷЩɸ˵ܡ


1061 תʽص
ӵ飬ΪĵҲʱõ˽
ֻҪǲԼҲ˵㻰ȥǵ鷳ȻǰǸҪϪʲôϸ𣬷˵ˣλһ飬ҲȻŹˣ
ܿ죬ĻУؼһ˵ȷ׷ȥط羹ȻЦ˵ǾطǺѺֵܣô˻úõģҲطȥŷͷˡ
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˷ܲѣֱһӴڵطĻУͬǰڻԪ½ڤһ㣬·ĳطͷһĴЦͣ
һĻҲΪ֮ݸҵûΪ˵ԵʶطκɫһСʱദѾϤǺг
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һ㣬ллҶòԶˡ
ǰУ;طȴļɫŹֵĵ˵ϵܰʲôʱôǿˣȻǸʥ۷嶼ҿҪмֵĻСӻĻɱɣ
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춪һۣûĵ浱ɵɱؼһúƴҾǿôܺؼҶԿ
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ƲƲ죬Եʥ֮һµĹΪת
ǰҵġаÿһνٱ֮󶼻һֶֹΣ֮ǰһֱûⷽ棬ƺתô򵥣
֮ǰѩħǸɽеʱұûһȻǸǰĳ֣֮ǰһ֮ҲŶԡת˸򣡡
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췴ֻһȭȥǱʹˣѵһľţȷ뱾ȣ
˵䣬°ͣһϴ϶ģʱ˹Ц綼СŰְֲ֪ߣʱͷߵŤͷȥһĳ治ӡ

УԴλټԨλĳһֽͬǸѩħ֮󣬱ѩħֵԽԽ٣ɱ֮Ҳٴӡ
ڹڻΣգ粻ʱֵ磬˽ӴᱻУüʱᱻʳĭνǲҲѡ
磬ĳص󣬸˾ֻ֣ҪԲע̤У˲ûʬǶһ㡣
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Ҳҵ飬˵һұӿٶȳǸطȥ
ŰʱңԨڵĵص㡣
ҸǾȵķ֣˼𣬶ݣĳԨ⣬ȻĴļѾڴˣ֮⻹вһ

쵽ĵһʱ䣬㳯ʾ⡣
Ⱥ򣡡
˵һط㲢ǰΪҲڸղкȥء
ϣүүλǰã
Ƿʵ׷˺£ǰɽѵʲôԾô
ǰһͱڣէһκ⣬Ҫ˵ĻǾֻ˵沢κһֲĺۼԵüΪ
ɽʮֳҲûʲô
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״طһۣɢӲ̽ɾһɲǼ䣬ɫһ䡣
ΪɽϾȻһ㼫ΪŨĿռ֮Ӵĳεʱᱻ⧲˽˺ü
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Ǿ£
ƲƲ죬ûٶ˵ʲôŪڳλﵽ˼㣬СҲδ̫˰ɣ


1062 ͳƣϣ
취
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ǰɽڿѰôǿҵĿռ֮ȴֱӷţ֮ǰ϶˳Թǿİ취Ȼ϶Ҳʧܸա
һʱ䣬˾ǲ֪ôã۷ļҲˡ
֮Ķ˽⣡ûа취ԳԣԨʵ
үүĶ뵽ʲô취
ЦŻصž̽ʱҾͷɽϵĿռ֮൱һʥش֣ڻԶأ
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ʥأȻʥ֮ȷ磬˵ȷԶпʮ꣬ڶʮʱ׷ϣǰٶȣȴ֪ļ˷׷ͷߡ
ˣСӣ
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ûа
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ϸ۲춼û۲ô֪ûУ
ԨԾûдŹ˼ֱԵСӸҺúõȥԴһǺܶе𣿡
ʲôаǡ
죬׼˵ʲôԨĵйԹԵĴͷȥðɺðɣүӣȥҪ벻취ɲٴˣڶŮˣܵøһЩӰɣҪǰϱŮˣҿʲôң
˵ţ켱æǰɽڶȥүүһαŪүվֱۣϵļλҲ̿վؼҼԶһЩȴرԸǲɱ죬ôҲġ
ֻϧ֮Ĳȷ̫һЩǸǸҲûʵͻᣡ
߽ɽڣ۲죬ͬʱͼ֮ȥϵҲǷ׷ס˺Ψֳᾪŵ˼
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ΪģɫôÿԵüΪԥүүԨԱ߽üûӦ
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СѾͷҡҡͷ漴ȴسֵ裬裡
裬ָȻǳˡ
ĿˢˢڳϣϽŮЩԹɨŪͳƶʮΡ
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һ죬ԾԱߣɬҿһۡ
裬ȥǱߣ
ſ֣ҲæСѾͷ漴СѾͷȴǺһתΧ˵λ̫үүаְ֣裬̣Ƕ˺͵Ŷ
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գڼ˶˺һЩ󣬳ſЦõĵҪʲôҿʲôİ


1063 ͳƣ£
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1064 ź쾧
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1065 ɷ
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1066 ռ̮
ܿ죬죬飬ѣԼ˱ǹַΧУԭСڵЩӰǴȥʲôвʵ֤ȷ̫ˡ
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ΪļԼˣеĿⶼϣҪ֪Ǳ뿪˵׷ʲô飬ôôһ


1067 ıϪ£
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ŭѣǿ˲Χΰʷ׷׻촷ۣмǣûӵǱߣ˵ֺ²ˣؼҾͿԷַǡ
Ϣŭ
ǷŭģһĨɫ⣬һ¸ΪֵܱҴʥһأԼ߰˸Ԫĸ֣ɶҸ˲ţڱپͽˣһҪֵܱǣ
лٺ⣡
һ΢ƽһЩҶĳԵϪ²еĻʱٲ鷳ģ
ðɣǾԣҵʱ򣡡Ӧ
ǾͶлˣٺλһ·࣬ȥϢɣȥŰţһҪ޻أ
ǺǡУǱپ͵ųĺϢ
Ҳûж˵ʲôܿϪ˵ȥ˺档
ϪºϤκİУԴ˷һ·ҲЦݣƺղźͳ˵ȫһˣмװֱ˿
һΣϪҲ˵ģ
Ϫشպÿ벶ȸںһٽԱ֮
Ҫǣܹ϶ȡǵ˵ԽԺԿͻƣΪؼҼҲ޿ܣ
뵽Щڵ˷ܣ޲һ̱㽫ɱȡռŮˣ
飬ѣԼ˵òѪ嶯ֱӴ滽ϪµŮǷпʼһһ˫Ĵս˭ʤ˭ܾͲ֪ˡ

Ϫ¾ǰ棡
ָŴʮ￪һɽɽһԸɽ壬һֵĳҪϪ±ϾؼҵĸʵҲ㲻ԴҶصһЩ
һҪϪ¸籨𣡡Ҳ˫â˸ҧ
ģǴڣһԵŶ
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Ҳ֪СѾͷôģȻ˳裬ɾȻƫƫгһ˾ˣƺȫİһ
ǰƽ㣡
ҲԵǴһȥϪ¾ǿҲԲǵĶ֣ıǣ
ϣѣҲ׷׳Ȱ˵óƵ¶һĨЦݡ
ӱǱ뿪лҵлҲǸ뿪ȥ֮ǰл㵹Ƿ룬ȥлͣǵͷӦʲôʱȥͲһˡ
Ǹɴ࣬ȷ˵ڻȥҸ̸Ϲ͸ŴˣѾķǳ˳ģЦãҲֻͬ⣡
Դ˴ǰϪµˣҲֻǺͳˣѾ㹻ϪµʵǵĶ֣ϾϪҲֻһʥǾɣȻ֪ʥأҲ΢һ£ɵʵ߲ᳬʥأ
֮䵥ĻҪҲһ£
ټһл⼸ʥ飬񽣣Ȼʥ򣬵սȴҲԺʥصȣֻҪ˲ʹ˲ƵĻʤļʼ˳ɡ
⣬Ψһ΢Щĵıˡ뵽أı²١
ѾϪµΧҶСһЩ
һ߻˵һߺͿһͬǰ·Ů򽫳ԼѾͷм䣬ɽĴľУȴû˿ͣ
ɱ
ģһɲǣʮӰ˷Ϯɷ˵ı㳯Ǽٴȥ


1068 ѪȾɽɱϪ£
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񽣣ˣ쵭ĵ
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ԷȻ˲٣ʵߵĲڵԪǰڶѣ󲿷˶ֻԪʵ
ʵ˵ˣȥҲܹսʤ֮ʤɱ֮
Դ˷񽣶֣Ҵƽ˾ɱ˼ûκ֮⣡
ÿ趯ؽÿһνâĻһ˻˵ǱضϣѪأǱ룬ڸɢ䣬γһɭ޵òʣµ˷׷׾֣
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ڵһУֻгƵɫ΢һЩĴδѪȵĳ棬뵽Ҫ籨ǿǿԼЩȱʬ忴ȥܹϤ
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һĨâһͨ籨ţ硭

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ɱ
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⻰Ϳ񽣶ʱĶһۣСѾͷûûεֱЦ˳ͷϺ߸
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Цãÿ񽣺һЩ󣬱㻽ǧýУȰ˸һӰǳǰʮ˷׷׵
ڸղſɵѪȣȴѸޱȣÿµ˲ǱƺܣǴƵԳһɱ˵СѾͷں治ƽкá
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ţ
Ԫڳȥȴ΢УԼϰͣڰգ°ɹԵĳǰ˼

һ˷һҺȻѾֱնϣκλĿܣ
ѪڵһءȻӸղŵɱת˵Ѫȣ鿴üѣˣҵȻôʰ㣡
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ǹȴһԲʮ׵ľ޴ӣѪȾ֮⣬˵ʬˣ֮ǰǰҲȫȻڣȻƵıըб촷ɢ
ˣǼ߰ɣ
պǧýкһ㳯Ϫµķȥ
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һʱ䣬һٴν˺üϪǵϮɱֱѪȷɱòУֻÿεɱ֮춼һʱкǰû鷢쭵Ļᡭ
ΣҧѡµĻ¶޲˵ϣݺҧһйˡ
ˣҲ̫ˣ
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ȻϪµɽţ߰˰׸ߵɽ壬ǻһĨаЦĻߡ
ˣǲǻɱȥߵߣݺһ£ʵ
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̲סĵһɲԪȥֵȻһ˽˶Ǻ۶ˡ
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ߺߣ˵㣡㿴ŰɣƲƲ죬ŤС߻صѺǱߡ

ٴαʾ˼󣬱㵱ȵ񽣣ǰ棬һϣ죬һһϪ£еֿߣɱɱ췭ظظ췭
ЦѣЦгޱߵİǼŮЩˣеĴûܷ֣
ǳһ죬Գɬܿȴɱ棬Ϫĳˣ


1069 ɵŭ壬У
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Ѿǿͨȫɱһڣ
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Ȼһ֮ͨȴóɵɫڵ˼㣬ͬīһ㡣
һɽΧĵһηɱǳѾƻ˵ģ̽ǵʵȥǵսһܹЧôϪµɽмɱǿҲǿ٣ȡܹڵɽ֮ǰ
ֻϧ뷨ãʵȴûдﵽһɳ״̬
һͨŭ죬ץӵķֱ֣ϸչ¶Ȼǿеŭʱûб
ؼү㳡ͷһУǳɳ׺ɫȴǷһĨЦݡ
˵ɺ֮˭Ӯʵ
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˵΢һ٣ҽ飬ɲеĻȥүİȫҪģ֮ǰϽһҪ֤İȫ
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ŭˣҸǣǻؼҵˣҸ׵£øǣȻ
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һ˺Ϫƴ˸ܾˣҪǣҲһ򵥵飡үҲδ̫ˣ


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һɱ˳ܴ̽µȷ٣Ϊɱ֪ⲻҲգΪӱҲɲԵɣ֪ǣԳڵ״̬ܹȫ𣿡ƽʵ
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˫һĨ΢Ƭ̺壬鷳һˣǵĳһ㶯ֵģУСģɲ򵥣
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Ϊʥһ֮ͷ漴αѾ˲ʧԭأٴγֵʱѾǹ㳡⣬ھϪȺС
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죬磬ұɱ㣡
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ټϳȫǺȻϮЩ⧲ӦȻԳ˼Ǳ̬֮
˿̵Ϫ֮˼ԼѾ֣Ҳ׷׶ֳ޴İΧȦǲϱƽһսҲ˶չ
һĻȴڷǴЦݣһѾصߵĹ壬׵úãȽǣȥ֮һ£ǺúÿϷҵ뿴죬ǳܸ̽ǿ


1070 սɣѪȾ㳡
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ΪǺȻϣȴ״ӣʱȫ·磬ȫǱλϪ׷ŴԳǱ
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ģץųƵֻ˼£Ƶʵôˣ
Ͱְֳ׵İɣʵ

ԣһκʱֿ˵ֲϲְ֣
ǣѽְҲҰְأףôأ
ɵѾͷ첻ɰ𣿡
Ųأ
죬ߺߵְ־ǰְ֣ǰְֵŮ
úúã˵ʲôʲô
ֻСƢҲûзϣûע⵽˫Ĩ


1071 ϳɣ뵱ȸ
㳡ϵս˵һϪ֮˱ɱΣûǳɵκע⣬˿̵ĳƺ׼һˣɱĲһ㡣
ʱҲ˾ȽɵĵϵڳΪ֮󣬻ͲܹʲôΣգ
ȻȻô룬ʵʲȴѶȷǳ
ѾʧȥǣΪֻ֪ɱ˵Ĺߣʥ۷ʵϾҪһ㣬Ҳֻܹϵʱ䣬Ѱʵĳʱ
ҲҿûԼ˼ֻ֪ϵĹٹܹܶץסһֻҪʱ㹻Ļ˳Ӧò̫⣡
ʱ죬ڲϵصֵ֮⣬ŬѰҺͳץסɵͬʱʱʱĽǿķԶԳɽģȡܹʱһЩ
үʲôʱȥУʵ
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Ҫ֪սʤ˵İھȥĻʤļʿ¾Բᳬɣͣ
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ڴ˿ƺɭ˲٣һʥһ֮˶һ
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׼ȷ˵ǿ˱ϪΧеϽŮϡ
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1072 
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ʵղЩ˶Уܹʥ۷ʵĳɣôԼһϣҲʲô˺ЩԵЩΨΨŵŵҶ֣


1073 Ŷȥ
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1074 ˣۣ
˹Ļʱ۾һ·𿴵ϣæ죬Ŷ٣˵öԣֻҪңҸһܴлģԺҲˣ
˼ҲЩ
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ʾЩӹ㿪ʼ鿴ɫʱЩŹ֣һ߿ݣĿһǺӹ˸֪Щʲô
ʱԱߵɱ¾ڼȻû˵ͣµʱǶȻͣ֡


1075 ǣϪ
Χɱ¾ϿĲ죬ǿɲͣ£档
˵ĴͽܣҲΨһͽǺüҪ˵ʲôֱӵ˻ȥû뵽쾹ȻԼλʶλƺҪɫ¡
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֣ĵ飬оϵĶÿһ߰ɣ


1076 ѪвҪߣ
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ǽˣʲӵı챦ʲôҵĴ֮еĿռ鶼ȫջҲ˵ǰɣһξҲ֮;һЩ飡
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·ϣŤͷߵĳʵ
ƴ˿ֱǣС֣СѾͷֵʮֿģϵЦȴЩǣϾ֮ȥ֮󻹲֪ô˵ء
Ҫ֪ǳҵļ̳ˣҾֻʣ³һˣԳ¼ֱһ־޴Ĵ
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㣬ֵȻˡ
֪ΪΣԴϴİ̥Ǻһô飬ƸָоǸʮξУǲԼǰǸˣ
ǰѾע˵ģ
Ҫߣ˵Լʲôо
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ǵģ
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Ťͷһ֮Ҵȥ㣡


1077 ߵãعˮ
˻һ䣬˾ǳ˹ȥ
飬ԼŮıЩ֣ǵ˵ֻ⡣
ѵǲעʱ֮ʲô
Ҳһ̧֮죬Щ͸ӡ
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ҪͣɳȴŶȵãһ꣡
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ּ֮򵥵ȴεĶԻίʵЩ㵣񽣸վЦѡ
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ûûʲô飬ǧҪᣡƻعæҪ͡
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ȻܹȷϳƵȷǴ֮ɱҲףôһɰŮΪŦһĻҪܶ࣡
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һƻõĻоѹ

ߺһæ컳ѳȥ΢ԵЩġ
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ʱֻ֪ڨЦƵĿⶼЩƮ;ƺڸղŵΧУ޷԰Ρ
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Щ΢㶣뵽ԼղŵΪɵÿЦһ£Ŀһǿһ˵Ĵһԭ˲ʧûǣڶǱ߻ڵأ

ˮôķһͬˮ뺣һ㣬ûκβľܵܡ
ڣŶľ课Ӫεȥʱ򣬶ȴǴһ
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죬ߵĸɫһݣһھ裬һȴԳָ߰ƺʮֲм
ľܵܣȥĶˣӴôòأľܵܺøЦ˵
߽ǰ׳һ۶ֵҿѰľܵþأľܵٸΣ
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ܿĵĵǾȥ˵ɣȷ˺ϰʽͼǮұ֤ȫʩΪһ÷⣡
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Цǰ˶ѣʱһǿı˱죬һɧ
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ﱾĸʹһɫ棬ȴ˿ûǣֱĸԺУ˿̵˫ȴһĨ
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ŮСѾͷϢųľЦϰ壬˵ҪΣ鷳æ׼һ£
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1078 ˵̬ȣˮΣ
үҪȥĸһ
񽣶豭һں꣬ɫĴ
Уһͻݾߣɲ򵥣ص
Ǻðɣǿǲ˳ۣһǷǶǮһߣ
ƲƲ죬ټץĸڴڵĳ˿˼ΧЩ쾪㵵Ŀ⣡
òϣ񽣱ֵǰףȷĸӵƲƲ죬ƺ󺺵ıʮֲмȻΪڴˣǵĸ߰Գ˼֡
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ʵҲûʲôǰʱҺȻ֮˼£ƭκˣ԰ɣ
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ҲûлشתԵ֮ôΪľң
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ЦҡҡͷҵĻȻض˵

Щ֮ûżش𣬶˫âĶƺ뿴Ҫʲôȴ˿壬ûжӣԵʮϣһֱֳģֱ˰
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Ȼȴ·û˵һ㣬Եˮȷһ¶ɹعˮңڰϵ˲ףˮ£ʱʮʱ䣬ˮλعҲһʸ֮ģΪҷ飬ҹҲˮҴҲˮжд̣
˶٣һɫѿ죬Եǰ죬֪ˮڰʲôѺˮҵĺ£˵ǹؽգʱһ꣡
ǳͷ˵ĵط¶ʮ֮£¾ˮʺˮԹȴܵ˺ļ޿ƣ޷ֻ˼ģһֲסᱻɱ񣬱˶Ҫܣ
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ɫ
˵Ҫ˵ʲôĪǾҪЩ
Ѿ֪ˣлˣ
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ȴһǰδеأΪ֪ˮ˾ԵΣ


1079 ţǰȥˮң
磬ô£
Ͷľ读صԺʱ飬ѺŮѾȺڴˣصʵ
Ȼղ˵һУŮڷһ
ˮΣҲֵģ
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ڶµλҪرǸľΣԼ֮˵ʵԼʱȵȣҪϸģңǧκβ
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Ͱ˵ȥ˵ˣ
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ȥ᲻̫żһЩľ课
ŮҲˣȻ˵ˣҲȻκηԵ˼һˮѲǻǣ
ᣡҲΪ˾콫ˮȳԣٽҾҪ˵Щ
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Ҳ֣صĵͷûжԣ˵һ˼һ֤λٷ˺λССľ԰ȫ
ȻˣһҪСģ
Ǻǡİɣ
Цŵͷ˵ڻûأ᲻ȥ
˱ûټ˵ʲôľҲܿ׼һЩζȣôҴ󱥿ڸ֮

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һޱԼĵȻһѾ׽ŭˣԱЦţͬȼһȼͷŭ
ҵģҪ
˫һУ͵һϮֱץסǸĲӣȭ
һűֱӰȥһѪ˳ȫûһ㷴֮
ҪʲôſԱæԵȵ
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ˣǾˣûԼǸԲǷغ
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ˮҵĻӳ֮һΪˮ̩λˮҲء
ˮ̩ĳ֣ͬ⣬ʱܹȥָǸɱ֮˵ʬ壬ĽͿ˵޶Ķˮ̩ɫޱѿ
Ϳȴ˿Ϊ⣬ɵվûκα飡


1080 ȥ
ʱͿѾʮˮһΧϧʵǿԾֻǶǸˮ̩˴ֶڵԪԪѣˮ̩ǿһԪڣҿȥǲͻƲõİˡ
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Ȼˮֻ̩ӳ֮һҲĩһˮһײΥĻᱻϳ͡
Ǳģ񽣲һЦ¶ڵĴ
񽣵Цݣˮ̩ԼΧٻȴǶ޾ĳʹЩɫ䣬һɫΪơ
ǾʲôˣǰݷãǾóûУǾͱҲˣˮ̩
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ҪǣһʼǱ㳹·硣
һ棬Ҫ˼ɵԼ˵İȫһ治Ǵĸ޷ܿеα
ڿб˱˸ǲҺϣֻܺ޵ֿ֮ɿ趯һνһεĺΧԼ໥ײʱѾͻѪ֮ǰķԸʱǵҲκε֮ǡ
Ȼڳʹѣվſڲδֵˮ̩һѿ˼㡣
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ˮ̩һ֮±ֱӴΣЩһ𺧲ѣڿսı֣Դ˴εΧԵø˶ֻװװӰˡ
һҲͿ񽣺˳Ľ뵽ˮڲ
ſڵĴ򶷣Ѿ˲˵ע⣡
˸ոսڲʱ򣬱̼ԽԽ˴˷ӿʵβ룬Ψһȷһ㣬Щʵ͵ĶԪǿԾԪƺʥײһûУ
ȻҲףԲˮҵʵʵˮôܳΪ۷֮µǿأ
ʲôˣ
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ӳӳ
˵ĳ֣Χ˷׷׳
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ܿ죬Ǳ˽⵽˷ŷһУ˿ǵɫӲơ
ˮôˣõ
ӳˮ־ܣ򶨵öζ
ˮڶȻȲؼңȴҲǾ˸ǵĶ󣬸˵ϲ챻ôֱӴˣ
ˮо˾޴裬Ǿ쵽Ϳ񽣶ȻǵĻһɱˣ
ˮ̩ʵԪ۷壬ǶԷǴ󺺵һ֮УôҲζǰӦʥʵΪүˣ򵥣
ˮ̫ˣ
̾ϢһûаѵͲǰݷãѵˮΪѾվ۷壬ţΰ
һڳ˵ĿⶼˢˢϣˮˮΪ벻ơ


1081 
գȻһ̱üΪء
֮ǰЩ񽣵ǿʮ⣬˾ĿĶ졣
Ϊˮ֮ˣάˮҡ
ȻûԵĶˮҽָ𣬵ȴѾ˼
СӣˮëͷСָܹģ
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ϣ
񽣵ӦһǴֱ̤ӳǰȥ˿ûнΧ˷У־ӵ̬ȣΧŭ죬ֻϧûˮˮλӳķԸԾɲԽ֣

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ǰڿŵСôȥǶӳɶʥأ
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ڴһ󣬿񽣽Ԫȫ˷ĳŶӭȥ
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ÿһõһӡ涼֮ݺݲһ£
ֱ֣Χԭ˷ܵ˶ʱһ˫ͫ·ʲô˼龰һ

񽣵ı֣ˮˮһȴԾû˿ӭȥأ
䡭
˷ɿսһ𣬸ȭߵлǿ˷ܵĺ·֮УôʱΧ˿Ŀ࣬Ψ첻ЦҡҡͷǸսӣҲʲôطȻ
һʱϵԽˮҸǿ֣߳ǾΣˣ
ʱǰݷãȴôܹģ
ſ񽣺òһսҲֻﰵεıԹһˣݺ͵λΣˮ֮˵Ĳԣ
ˬþöûôˬˣ

̫ˬˣʹ죬ʹ࣡
УſЦ֣֮ԵģȴˮˮľΡ
ܹȷֻʥһصʵ־ȻȫѹŴÿÿǺڿϵʱ򣬾ͬͭǽһ㣬ܹԷһЩӰ죬ɷȴǳܵͬʮʹ࣡
һȴԽԽľѡĻԸûгֹ
ǰ󺺶Դ򣬶˵ֱһĥ
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Ҫɱ˹
񽣺ܲ˵ı仯ɵñǼӴ˹ˮˮԽƣ
ҵģ
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ң
ˮҲˣ˵գۼѾվһ𣬸ԵԪ໥ںϣ˲䱬ޱȿֲһ㳯·ĿֱϮȥ
̫ˣ
񽣲ϲ͵ĳؽɫĹâԽƣ˺ƶգۼһȦһƳ𣬷·ҪƲĺƣ
أǴ󺺣ȥɣ
ˮˮһȣֲĹ϶¼ٱƽΧռ˶ѷ죬ҪƵģ

ȴǴЦһؽ˲¶ϵķɳǿĽâɢֺ˵Ĺӭȥ
ɲǣغݺݲһ£
ܵĻ⣬һѵѷ죬ǰ֮УȻ໥ײһ
䣡
һ󣬱ֲĺ
ۣۡ
ˮˮְյɶ£һڿѪ޵Ѫ죬ޱȹ
׹أ𲻿ԼԵѪۣڵʹңǱѣȴܹ໥վȴȻκεս֮
϶ԣȴֻǽ˺üӺܿȶȻȻԳǱչֳƺս⣬ȴޱȵʢ
һΣԿ֮Ĳˣ
һж񽣵ʵֻʥһأȴչֳޱȵΧ˿һĿޱȵľ


1082 ˮҹ񣬽ˮң
һ˲䣬˶ȫ
òϣ񽣵ʵǿֳһеȷ
ϾˮңͿ񽣶ǵˣ
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񽣻ָһ£˵ǿǧȻϵľƺⶼûˣ

˿񽣵Ļˮˮһܹо񽣵ûκ裬ֻǴ˵һʵֻ벻ͨԼô;Ϲϵˣ
ģˣ
ˮһ䣬ÿ񽣴ϵɫȥЦããͺãү˵˲ðɱ˵ģȻͲƺȣԣ
ҡ
˿񽣵ĻشˮˮԼ˱ֹŹ֣ĿͿƲ
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ûǣƨƨߵܵߣĵүֵĲɣ찳ûɱˣ
ʱĿȫһӵģղִս״̬ȫǱһƵģ
ͷߣûĳһۣ漴ˮˮˣĵλӳڻˮҲЩ˵ܹһô
ĻȻвκ֮⣬ȴˮЩһ࣬֡
ʲôˣ˰ݷˮҾǲУ
ˮ˵ˮΪˮһνΣǰǾ̤ǵʬȥɣ

ˮҲˣɫޱȼᶨҲԿǶˮҵġΧеĳЩ˸ǻ¼ӵģǱЩܣŲΪˮҶԼأ
ȻΣǰ·ɫᶨˮˮ飬Ҳҡҡͷ˶ٺԵۣѵڣǻΪǵˣǵҪ𣿡
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ЦǺǵĵȻǰѾáҲǴ֪ӦǴˮڲŰɣ
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ǺǣʵҲûʲôİˣЦȻὫ˵
ôֶĻҪأ
ˮҹҲǿƣЦļֶ׼ôѵҪȥǿоȳɣ
˵Цˣ㵨ٴҲˮ
ЦЦ漴Ȼһֱˮ㵱׽㿴ܵ˶Դǲ취ȳôһ⣿
ˣֱ˵ôɣҿɲûûκ׼ֱˣˮҹ˵
ʵ˵ģҲ֪
Цҡͷˮҿ۷֮µǿߣóȻˣ˵ˮȳˣԼΣգæȥˮ㣬˵֪̿ɷæ

ˮҹЩԥʵǴѺģûдϵ˼֮⣬Ҳ޷ȥ
⻰ֱܹˮҹδ˵ѵ죬ȻԵüΪʧ


1083 ҹ̽
ɡ
ʧӣˮҹƬ̣˵Ȱס£Ȼ̽һ£ϢΣ
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ף漴ֵˣ̣˵ºΣգˮʲôɣ
ӦòģϾô˵ҲԼˣ
ˮҹصֻԴ֮ЩԥΪˮĲǱˣǴϡ
ˮҵУϵĵλͬƹż̷ĳЩ֮ƺȽҰģڵˮ˵ڴϵ˶Ҫڼ˸һЩ
ȻЩˮҹǲ˵ģϾҲǹϵˮˮҹˮôãҲȥˮҵЦ
ϣɡ
ˮҹЩԲԣ첻ɵÿЦһ
ˣ߰ɣΪ㰲һ£ԺԱߵĿԺǣмǲҪܣ
ˮҹ˵ţǵ쳯ȥʮӺ˵ĿԺУ
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ˮҹĸŮԸʲôԸǶҪִУʾң
ǣϣū
ŮӦŵȻҲףˮҹ˵ġʲôԸܰ͸¶ˮҵܣڰлһ˼ǾһҪ죬ȥĵطԲóȻ룡
˵һ㣬ǻмΡ
ֶúϢ㣡ˮҹ˵
ţ鷳ˣ
ЦŵͷˮҹƺŮɵһ£벻Լһӣ
Ҫ֪ˮҹһδޣȻϥ޶Ůδκһ׽ˮҵܹƺΪ̵ģһֶֻĹ

ӣѾ׼ϴˮͷˣ
Ȼūʰ
Ůɵ˵Ľ쵱ӿ˼
Ҳ΢ЦףİõȺúϴһ裬Ȼ󽫿ɿڵķһɨ⣬Ȼд󲿷ֶ˿񽣵ù˰ʱʰŮĿ࡭
׼ķˣ㹻˳Գŵأ
ʱѾҹĻ٣зǵ㣬һ˵Ĵ۾գš
ˣǶˣ
Ůʰ;ߺЦȥϢɣҲЩˣ
ǣū澸ˣ
Ů˳ԺųϲϴõĿ񽣶һۣûĵͰѾĻȥ˯
ٺ٣ү
ȻȴյǰЦǲʲôж
жƨ
ԼǰŴûĵѾʵľţ
㲻
񽣶ʱʧ
ϻ¶й
ߺߵˣض˵ˣʹʱںúõĸұ⣬סһֱļ󣬲Ҫ˵Ļˣ֪𣿡
ðɣ֪ˣүҲҪһЩЩȻӦ
ˣȻطɣһҪ󣡡
콫񽣸ϻķ䣬Ժв󷨣ȻЩһ٣ⲻҲչСô⣬Ҳ˶һֱڵļֻҪ첻˷֣ôİȫӦݣ

ҹ˾컯һӰҹɫڻ˸ȥ˿ûзκǴӲ׿Ҳû˷ټ
䣬챾Ĺ;һڲԣصĻ¾ʥǿҪҲΪס
ټͨõˮؾͼ˵ˮҵеԼԱֲָƣͨľ诺֮İţҹںǱߵضɢһЩ
ô˻ȥǱߵĻԽչҲûˡ
Ȼȴûע⵽ڰʼһ˫۾ڶЩοЩЩεĸӾ
ͨĵͼڻ˽һʱʱңСıܿˮһ˺¸
Ȼ䣡ƺĻЩһѵΪˮ̶Եʣ
첻һӳȥɫΪء
ǰѾˮɽ֮дȫȻˮ̶йأνĶë𣬱ָΨһˮ̶ˡ
ˮʵ䣬һЩʵ¶ȣˮɢϢΧռ໥ںϣȴᷢһı仯һִ̹ǵıµµҲˮ̶ڣ
ֻǣܺˮ̶ˮҶڽذĴڡ
ƽûµĻԲҲǸεҹ̸ȥı
˵ˮǱѺں£
ܵľΣ׿ĺ£˫΢Уŵû´ĻӦˮ̶ϷĸÿһԪڣˮҵȷǺܿ֮⣬Ȼ󷨣ѵˮһ󷨴ʦڣ
ԣƽٶǰ˸ȷãʣĸѵǵҪȻʱ䣿
һ£Ӧòˣ
첻ϵţȻڵʮӺĸһܣ뿪
ʱֻһӣ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
˫һУȻһ˲ƳɽڣѾǻĽ̸
󷨣ʮ룡
쾫ӣգۼһͷϹԶ̵־ٴһûκ󷨲ҵֱӽ˶ڣ
ʱһֵѾˣǲûзЩһ
ϾЩԸˮЩģ
ˮҲô˵Ҳ۷֮µǿߣɲһܹԸ˵ģ
˻䣡
ͨ󷨣붴ɲǣ㲻һ·Ӵյ˲䴫͵յıѩУֺܵƴ̹һ㣬ʥصʵȴҲԵΪܡ

³һεķ֣嶼˱ĭֺĳ̶ֱ
ʲôˣ
ʱˮϤȻ
漴ŤͷȥһɲǣɫȹˮѩŮһӯӯ
ɫ·Χӳһ壬ˮʱȹ֮ϱ𪽿۵СŶǳţ̤ڱĵϣŮϢ
ˮ㣬ң
˭ܵܣô㣿ôˣ
ˮһʱûڼɲǣȴǶȻ־ϲ
ܲô
ˮӣ첻ЩۣæӳԪΪˮһЩů⣬ٲĻҪɱˣô
˵üͷһ壬ôĵﶼӡˣѵҪ㲻ɣ


1084 ˮľܾˮ̶
û
ˮĵȷǱӡˣӡ֮˵ʵٶʥϣ
ɫúѿ
ûбӡˣ⺮ҲԼ̫ãˮֻ˵ǱͨǿһЩûǿ־ôҲֲڵģ
Ѿ˵ǳͷˣǾԳıɱ
ܵܣⲻûô
ʱ򣬷ˮο죬˵ˣܵˣҿǸеůأһ㶼䣬ģ
㰡
Цãٵ־ΧıϢһЩִӴָóٱרŸ׼õļȣԼƣˮ㣬϶ûôԶɣһɣ
ллܵأ
ˮҲûпǶˡ
ƽʱҲ˸ʳܹóȣ
ˮССڣٵĳżȵӣе֮ȻвûвκŮ֮顣
ʮӺˮٵĳԵʮȣƣϸֳһĨƺĺΣʱİɫȹ־֮Уһʱ侹쿴Щʧ
ܵܣôŽ㣬ҿǻẦߵأˮɬ˵ȴһǰδеͷа˲ʢ
ȴǱܿѹȥˮĽ㣬ǧ򲻸κа
˺ˣ˼Ҳڶ𣿡
ȻЩģˮɵþ˾죬ͬСŮƵ֣߽㣬ôˣô֪ұﰡ
ѽ̫жˣܵܣǽ㱻صЩڶأ̫жˣýһۡ
˵ţˮ첻עʱżһڣ
Ȼ㣬ټˮĵĽݣ첻ɵһ¡
͡ɵܵܣɱŶǸм֮ǣߺߣ
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ǡ
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ܿ죬ڶһǽǰˮָͣɽԵ
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쾪֣ûжʣԹԵĸˮ۵ͨųǰȥܹĸоתͨص׵ģ˵룬ůҲԽԽŨ治˵䤱ȷһĸо
ˣ
ʮӣˮͣ˽ŲָǰЦĵܵܣ㿴ǲǺ氡

ѾסˣǰǺ°ˮ̶ɫΪ𾪣·ˮĻû
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ˮһ㶣ɻ죬ͷ֪б仯ÿһʣʲô״̬Ӳеķ룡еУˮ֮˵ȻĳʵԴﵽ֮ᷢļת䣡
˵ôɬ򵥵㲻аˮûĽ
ðɺðɣ
Ц˫һ̯򵥵˵Ƕ֪ˮǿģ԰ɣ
ϻ׳ն֪أˮٴζһۡ
ĳʱˮƣûɣ
ţǰ
ˮͷ漴һ˵ľ˼ˮ̶Ӧּˣֲûôôأ
ԣ򵥵֪µӦˮ̶Ŷ԰
ͷֺܿüͷѵˮ̶ô򵥣
˭֪أҶֻǺСʱȥһˮ̶ѣڶûʲô̫ӡˣ
ˮ˹죬˵ɲˮ̶أ
ţ֪
ףӦˮ̶ĻˮԣǸּܴ±ֵģҵǾãˮ̶еǴ˵Ϲʱڲųֹˮ̶
ˮ̶ˮһǵһ˵ء
ţ
ǰˮ̶Ե˵ˮ̶Ӧ˶żΪĹЧȴѵһƺѾ˺ܾõʱ䣬ֻǡ
ˣ첻һ٣ֵֻƺ٣ѵѾЩģ
˵ܵܡ
ˮ˷ۣûĵ˵ܲ˵һ㣿ʲôϡŹֵģ
Լף
Цˣ˵Щˣˮ㣬ĲҳȥѲɣô㲻ѵ
Ĳ
ˮź촽һӣʵо仰û˵ɲΪԼ죬ΪˮҶϵĻ
ֽ׶βʲôΣգһ뿪ˮҵ˷֣ȴ˵ĺؽԤϣ


1085 ˮʦˮҹϢ
ˮӣ֪ĵģڳƬ̺ʵˮ㣬öϻ᲻ᰵа뿪ֻҪ뿪ˮҵΧԿ䣬ǾҲû취
ܵܺأ
ˮԣܵеĹģɵһЦ漴ֵҿɲұ֤أȻȷҺܺãʵϾҲǶأ
ûֱӻش𣬵еĺҲ˳
ˮҹˮҶϣôǣܹչһˮѾǷǳˣ

Щʧĳ³һԵˮұĻҪһЩ
Եܵܣûµأ
ˮЦİɣģ¾ͿԳȥŶ㲻ΪҵĹ
£
ˮĻüΪʲôѵˮѾźһУ
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ˮһЦķİɣôôԼЦأ
ðɣ
춢ˮһȷǹ˵ѣǺܿס
Ź
ˮǳ첻עʱżһ£ܵôΣյ̫жأ
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ǰˮͬСŮľٶЩЦá
˺ˣ˵ŶѾ˺ܾˣҪٲȥĻ˵עǾͲˣ߰ɣûµأˮЦ
ðɣҾˣ
ͷҪת֮ʣȴжһӣִӴָóеļȣݵˮǰԵˮ㣬ȳЩɣԵĶ΢עһ㣬ʲô
ãããҵĹԵܵܣ֪
ˮۣӹӺ̲סޱȲҸЦݡ
ֱ˹ĵĸоã
һ滻ʱ䣬ˮ˵һץסʱ뿪ˣ֮ǰһϢûˮһע˳صԺС
ûע⵽ǣɽ뿪֮һɫӰһˮǰ
ѽʦôˣأˮװȵĴӷ񣬼ɫӰɲǣһ
ΪʦѾһˣ
ɫӰϷʰЦҵĹͽһֱڿżȷôܷΪʦ
ʦ
ϷʵĻˮһ죬Ŵв
ĻȻ֣ᷢˮеʦȻǸϷˣҲǸ̡
ΪʦΪͽѾһˣҪǵΪʦҪѾͷ֪㾹ȻʺΪʦĹҪץʱԣмǲҪ˼ΪСɵʱ򣬷ķſԼ𣿡Ϸ˳ѵ
ǣʦͽף
ˮصͷҪ׼˵ʲôʱϷȴֵУΪʦѾźˣ㣬˵ҲһĻԵԣֻҪһ룡
ǣͽǣ
һ㣬ˮ̶Ƕ֮컯ɣ֮⣬¾ǸҲܸߣݹΪʦ飡
ʦģͽף
ˮͷܿʵʦͽ֪Ϊʲôô죿ܲΪͽĵܵܰɣ
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Ϸ˰֣ռʧ֮޷ﵽСɵĻʦͽԵ־Ҫ
ͽʦ̻壡
ˮϷʧĵطǷһ񣬶ҸеĴӣ漴ҧҧˮ̶мλȥܿϥǿű´ʹǿҪԼ״̬
ȴûע⵽дһ̾Σ

ڶ糿Ϳ𴲳Թ緹Ҳδ뿪Ժ䣬ҪһжŮȥ׼ҹҹ̽µľٶ쵹Ƿ˲ٶˮĵģֻһֱԺиʣˮôǸˮ̶ģѾӡ˵˵ֲܷŶԣ
ߣˮҵлһˮйأ
ԺкȻһͷȴ˼⣬ֻܿЦŰҡͷʱȥЩ
ֻˮ̶ķֽ֣ռΪеĳ嶯
Ϊ֪ʲôˣʲôԣǺֹˮ̶ѵص㣬Կ°빦Ч
ӵˮ̶Ļôؿƶ˵аɷűؽ̵ʱ䷢죬δԳΪ۷ȼĴڣ
ֻϧһеǰˮ̶
ܲˮңӶ𵽰ռðɣĻѪ֯Щʲôأ
ңܹɹ˴ĶҲض߼Щ˵ĶĿؽΪʸ֮ģòʧ
μϣ
žʱ֣ԺеͿ񽣣ŮĹ֪ˮҹˡ
ȻˮҹƿԺŻ룬ϵЦΪã˾
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ȻѾȥˮʱҪװġ
˼ʧˣûͬȥѾͷˮҹҡҡͷ

һʧģô
ֶҲ̫ʧ
ˮҹЦŵϾǱˮҵĽأ˵ˣԼڲˣҲǿ͹ȥģѾͼˣȻ㲻ܹȥȴԣȥǱһˣȻת㣬ˣİֶұ֤κ˵ģ
ڿҲֻˣ
ε̾һộʲôʱȥˮ㣿УɲҺˮ˵˵
һȥأҪ󣬿ҲûˣؽյǾԲκϵģңƽҲ޷ϵˮҹǻص
⣬Ǻðɣ
ҡҡͷǾһҪȥúõĿһˮ㣡
İɣһ޶ŮһֱԼŮ
ˮҹЦЦǾɣҾǹ˵һȻ̾ȥǱߵģŶˣаǧҪܣյѾ֪ˣԵüΪŭмѹŵĻµƾˮôˣϾԽ
лѣİɣǲߵģЦǺǵӦ
Ǻãˣٹ˵˵
ˮҹ˵һ㳯ȥԽ͵Ժſڣˮҹ뿪ıӰԾԳֵǡ
ΪˮİΣǸϣǸһֱˮĴϣ
һʱ䣬·Լһ޴УԲǣ֮أ
ǸϣеԼ·ĵһֱڵĶɢ˲١


1086 䣬ˮˮ룡
ү
ˮҹ뿪Ϳ˱ԺУû뿪벽
Ȼ䣬ȴǳɫЩء
ͬɫ˶һۣɵĿ⳯ſȥ
һֱŮȻˣ˵
ţ֣
ͷԴһֱӣ϶û뿪벽ںȻп϶ʲôԣ
òˮҪԸǰɣĵȻƺ񣬵ȴ˸ͬһĽ
֪
ҡҡͷǰľƱһڣЦˮڱǣǴ򲻹ܹܵõģ˵ˣԺвµ󷨣ɲʲô˶ܽģ
ٺ١ү˵ʲôʲôžˣ
ЦЦֱϣڴڵĹƣƲŲģүڣֻܳˣ
㰡
ЦãҪ׼˵ʲôʱȴǶ΢ԺΧһڶĽŲȻÿһŲԵѹȺҪܶ࣬ȴԾɱķˡ
ٶˣ
΢˫ۣԵÿһԪĸʥǿѾʥ۷壬ǸˮҪǿһЩ
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ЦڶʲôʱˣųԣôԲѾģ
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ĲôǶԸū澸λ׼أ
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ˣҪװģˣ¶ֶΣδҲ̫һЩɣ
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ˣҺǷϻǵ飬̻ٺͰɣ
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ЦЩֻǿθ˶ѣ
ոˣȴɫȻһ䣬˵ʲôæվ˫ӡȻ˼㡣
û뵽ˮҾȻ󷨸֣
ɫЩףǾѾһĨѪȻһ˫۾ȴԽźսķ
ɣٵҪ˭˱ٵ󷨣
͵һҧ⣬һѪֱʱΧȻڵɱ¾Һƿ޵һ㣬ޱȵĿֲ
񽣴˿ҲȻܵ״ҲԼʲôһҪ֤첻ᱻţɺ˱ؽ롣
˿̣ԺӴŰ׿⣬һü뻨׵ϰɫâʢ˫ּӡ޷ԶԳ̬֮
ˮ룬ˮҴˮ磬ֻˮҲκξְλʵҲʥضѣ󷨷ȴżǿʵˮ˵пνǾԵ󷨵һˣ
ȻҪƵ󷨵ˣˮɣ
ȻֶΣ
ˮһ˫ͷųĻȹâ൹ǶǸˣΪܹ̫һЩձ֪֪ʲôŽ󷨣
˵䣬ˮһ˲âѸٵڿһͼɿûǰԺϿգϵؼת
һ׹⼤俪Ӵ󷨶Ǻݺһ˲һҡҡ׹ƣ
ۡ
Ժڣ͵һѪҡҡλΣɫ԰ײѡ
ǼһǿΪ
ҧҧǿתԪ󷨵תȻͬһʱоһ˿Ϥ
ϤǶϿתĹͼ·ʶ
ϸϸȴûйǹͼΪ⣬ɴʱȴѾȥôˣΪˮ󷨱ƴУѾвٵˮ֮˳󷨣Ϳڵλɱ


1087 Ѫˮ
ү
ԺڵЩˣ̽е
ɱ
˫һУԥȳ
ϣģ
ӦҲκεд󣬱ϾǾԲȥģһ⵽ɣĺ
ԣ񽣱Ѿγ󱳸ؽûнѪ񻯣չֳǿȴԾԵǰ͡
Χ߲ϣÿһؽĻ趼ض˱ֱɿȥüЩ֮ڶ޷˵󷨵Ŀˣ
ɱ
ղŵķԸ񽣶޹˼ɣںǷѣŭиһʻʧĹмûһʬ¡
ѪȾЩϱ۲ɢ䣬ɢŽ⣬ɱٷһ˫Ϊɱ¾𽥱ͨ˫ǴΧ˼𺳺ѹ
ԭȥǣʱȫסһ㣬¾ûг֣ԾԿ޵Ŀ־壡
òϣ񽣵ȷʺɱˣ
ҪĻҪʼԹˡ
үĵĿ󷨣Щϣˣ
Сǣүүɱɾʹ죬ʹ죡
ʱĿ״񲣬еٶȴ˿Щ˲Һѣһ޵ߵ˼㣡
ʱ䣬Ȼڿ񽣵²ʮ֮࣬ʣ³ԺеȴһǱ壬Ҳҳ
ԣԺھγ˼ΪһĻ
רĿ󷨵תó󷨵ԽԽ٣񽣳ֽվǰ׿⣬ɢðŽսƵŭĿӣΧΧһȦʮһɲѣһɫԵֲ԰ס
·ʱ䶼һһ˿ͣ͵ƣ
񽣣ҽԺӵȫɱˣֳһ۲һΧԸ
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һֻһ˵ĻʱǾԵӣ
ԣӦһԥԼٶȣ䱾ؽǿƣʮ˳˹ȥ
ɱ󺺣һϣ
ǰһˣôˣѵɱ𣿡
ɱɱ
޿˱޿ɱܣʮ˷ǳ˷ܼһ㣬һɵΪƣ
Ȼǵʵ߲Ԫǰڰˣ㱬ôǿƣǿ񽣵Ķ֣

֮䣬ɱ˻ЩȴһҺٴһĽǱһ룬ɼ飬ѪһأǸֲ֫ϱۣμֱҲ̶ã
ǹȥ˼ӣնɱһ˺󣬱մѪĻصվүˣ
ţһϢȻ϶һս
ſ΢ص˫ۣȴһǸʦ
õģү
񽣵ͷӦŵɸһתɲǣȴֺת˹ԥʵүЩԾ˵᲻ǸʲӵˮҶȥܣȻôһߣǾͱΧˣ
ܣ
ЦЦҡͷҪԸǣͿԶ֣αصȵգ
ðɣģȥ˯ᣡ
ƲƲ죬ߵһԵҡα߾һƨȥཹཱུĺ˼ƺ˱ı˫ۣʮӵʱȴѾ˺࣡
״΢΢һЦ
֪ǿ񽣳ϰߣȻҲĳ˯ȥֻҪһ΢춯Ǽһﶼѹģһ㣬ɣ
ھñԸɣ
һۿ񽣣ŤͷԺŵķ򣬷ƿԿһĿֱԺ׿ˮϣһ˫иͷųޱĺâ
Դˣ
ˮҵʦ䷢չȥضȥв
ˮƽܲȻˣҲԱٵֶΣ
˿̣аЦ·һа壬ƺΧĿռ䶼Ϊ֮
΢ص˫˸žâ˫ֿٵӡͬ赸һ㣬Ӱ
ÿһεӡһ⼱ûڣڲʮʱڣĽɫ˿ߣէһ·Щɫ˿ڰ֮Ƶģγһϱ仯ȴֹͼ
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³һ˫âͬʵʰ㼤Щɫ˿˲ֳһצĳ󷨵ĸǷΧԺˮ뼱ٳȥ
˿ûκ쳣һʦھϵıƴҲרŴѧԺ֮һĹѧģȻҲԼĸ뷢չղܹ澰
Ժ⣬ܹɫҲֻͶˮˡ
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ˮ뱾μƳѾȶ󷨣ȴû뵽һ㷢ɫ͵Ϯ־ĹȴҪӦԡ
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ԺȻˮıˣ
Ӧܿ죬ʱҪǰ֮ϵٿܱȵӵľ
ۡ
գۼ䣬Χڶˮ֮˵ľУˮһѪ˳ҡҡ׹ɫǲ԰ֽһɲǼ䣬϶˿˿ѪԵüΪɲ
磡
һĻˮҴˮɫһæǰˮס
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ˮʧһҡͷԣȫǲš
ţԼȻˣһܵôףܵôǱ
磬ôû°ɣ
ˮɫ󼱣ˮ󷨵һˣҪʲô飬ԻˮɼӰ죡ȻνĴϸΪԼǡ
ãûʲô£һʱָܹˣ
һˮƽһЩܣȷԺֻˣû󷨸֣
ȷˣ󷨸֡Ҳȷ
ˮ˵̫ᣬ֮ҲƲʲô̫ǿΪ
ܣĴˣ
ˮĻˮ뵱ֻ˵Ļһ˱ض󷨷ǿߣղҺƴ󷨣Ѿһ

ˮ֮ˮɫ䣬Ǵ磬㻹ܼȥô
ԣ
ˮȻ֪ԼܵҪʲôҲ֪Ժﵽʲôˣ󷨷һˣиִڣҲԽ̼еһ
Ǿܵ˳˺ô
ֻҪ˲ˮ㲻ͣ£ǺͶԷƴҲҪһϸߵͣ
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ãǴضСģ
ˮ˵ֻҪƿ󷨣ǵ˼ȥɣֻҪɱǣɹһ룡
˵
ˮĻˮɫһڰֺҪ֮ʣˮҹӰԶٶϣ


1088 ˮҹ񱻹
ˮҹӰˮɵüͷôôͻˣ
ϣʲô
ˮҹٶһΧٸˮ֮ˣɫΪݵʵ
ǱĸŮ˿̸ͬһ㣬ӣ뵽ˮҹͷͽֶΣǵӶڲϲȻµ˼㡣
ϣʱ𣿡
ˮɫһûȥʶأˮô˵ĶͽʲôĪǣһģͼԼ岻
ϣ㣬㡭
ˮҹòУһתƻ⣬ټݺ
ϣùܺԼ£òͣˮ
ǵԺӣδ̫˰ɣˮҹȵ
֣
ˮЦϣȻô˵ǱղŵʻôشĪĺԺͽһģͼı
ϣҪ˵ˮҹˮĹؿɼˮҹһ࣬
ôǺðڼȻˣǾ˽ȥͽñΪˮ˵ָΣˮ˵ǳ
⡭
ˮҹɫ˲䣬æյ鶼һᣬѾ˵ˣĪҪˮҺҿս㵽״ʲô˼
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ˮҹΪ˵Щˮ˼ɣϾҾЩսȴҲҪˮҸǿࡣȻȴû뵽ˮЦЦгŲм
ϰϣѾʹˮˣ˸ûκ֤ͬʱʽİûУѵǻҵˣ
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ҿΪǧ˵ˣӦǴɣ
ˮҹ漴Ŀ⻷ΧˣλǶ϶ʶҰɣΪˮҶϣҲǾϹ⣬ԺǵˣǽѵҪĳˣӶԼ̤һ·𣿡
ˮҹⷬԭ˱ӦЩԥˮҹȴôҲû뵽ǷȻûκβЩƺȫӶ
һʱ䣬ˮҹɫȻȻ˲١
ԼۣĹ֮ļ⡭
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ˮ˫΢УսȭͷԴ˽ȥ㾡ܷȥͺãǣԪϵ˵Ȼ汾ȥ⣡סûбκ˲ÿΥն
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ӵˣˮ͵һȣĿռ֮ӿԺſڵ󷨺ѿһͨܣ
Ԫϵˣűߣ
ˮҲû˵ʲôʮԪϵͨ˽ȥٶ֮쾹Ȼֻ˲ʮ룡
ۣ
ʱˮȴٴһѪɫޱȻû뵽һСˣΪܹһӣɾȻȴεƣҪһ²ָܻˣ
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ܿ죬ˮ˵Ĳ뿪ˣʱ죬ԺȴҲ΢һɫȴ֮֮ǰӵ֣ΪˮѾ˴󷨣ʮѾͿȫΧ
ڶԪ֮˵ӿɱ֮ǰжҪ
ҡ˯˵Ŀ񽣣˿Ҳ˲ѹԥվһֱǰ׿ˮҴˮ
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ˮ˫΢УһĻᣡڳԴĽչ£
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СӣףǴ껪ʹͣǾȻ֪ôˮĪǣ浱ɱǲɣ
ҪʹĶôϻ
һĭ³Ҫһüͷ費ˣ
ããСӣҵģ
ˮкâ˸ȻѾɱ
ϲģȥɣ
ȻȴǱҪȶ֡
֪ˮǣڶֵɲǱѾؽûѪ֮⣬ȫʵ˲䱬˳
ʢ͵ƸѹƵΧЩ˷׷׺ˣû֮ǰ־Щˣʱһɫ˲䣬񽣵Ŀޱȵľâ

ȻһɲǣˮһߣȭȻӳ˲۳һ޴ȭͷޱȿ񱩵Ϣ·ҪֱһȭɱƵģ
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ĿֲϢټܿռķÿɫ˲䣬ɴ˿̵ҪѾˡ
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ʱˮȴĿкâһƺ˿񽣱һȭɱΣǹճһĨѪĻߡ


1089 Ѫս֮ǿˮϣ
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ۿ񽣾ҪǾ޴ȭͷУ쵱ͬʱһɫǰ˲֣ǿҵĽϢޱȷ񣬷·ڿռжɭ佣âһ㡭
𼼡ս죡
Уɫ̺Хô˻һקס񽣣μٷˡ
䣡
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ɴ˿󣬷ıȭͷеĻС岻Ҳɱˡ
ҲǱŵľһ׷쳤˲ӣҪ̳пԺڷһС
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ǺòУ˺üźһͬվֱӡ
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ˮҿ϶ҵĶ֣һĴؽܾ˵³
ڴ۷ڲвǿ֮˵ˮѡıܿˣ˵ȥ룬Ĳ֪ԼǲеӼôȥ
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һΪˮİȫ컹Ķϵ˴Ͽ˲ܵ뷨ҲЩڣ֪־棬ϾˮôԸҲýǿдߣȻҹɫڻ뿪ˮңˮʵǿҲܴ󶯸ɸĵѰ
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ͿһһϲġԼˮҲ޷ѹͷŭ档
ɱ˶ˣˮŭԸ

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Ϳ񽣴˿Ψһһָо
ˮĳȻ͵Ϯɣȴûóȫûóܵ˺
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ˣͿ񽣶û˿Ĵ㣡
սҲҪúң
ΪˣվҲ


1090 Ѫս֮ǿˮ£
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һ̣ǲ˿ıԪȫתٶΧ˿ۻң޷Ĺ켣
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ʱſЦү㿴ϲһֻǡ̫ЦˣЦˣ

񽣵Ļڳ˲һ̿Щˮҵ˶ֱЦ˳ˮݣַɿر˻ȥװʲôûǿЦӸӵĺЦ֡


1092 񻯣ˮľ̰
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1093 ΣųˮĪޣ
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֮Ŀ񽣣ʲô˺ܶ࣬ǽҪķУˮȴֻܲϵؿ˸ÿεķȴǶÿֱӲ
ȻҲòϣΪˮǿʵȷǸͿ񽣴ȥ˼Ӱ죬ڵΧˮ·磬ŲȽβκλңûκһܵļ󣬸˵Ϳˡ
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ˮ߲ѣǿûˮĪһۣ·Ľˮҵ˽Ʒһ㣬ɫΪм
ˮĪʱȴûжԣƺıˮİԵǿӰ죬ԵųΧٵˮˣȻҲˮĸЦѣ
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̾ʱˮҹ򻺻ԵϣһҪǣҶ֣ˮҹǣ
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ˮԥӦǾñȽʰˣȥʰǣҲ뿴ʱ˶Ȼ뱾˶Կ
˵䣬ӶˣϸӿޱȿֲƣΧһСͷϺХص˼㣬սҲһơ


1094 ˮҹˣˮĪޱ
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ˮҹҲʱо˸ǿѹˮκαĹУԼΪ̣ƽֵľ棬Ҳ·磬üΪˮǿƻУȻɺѪΪǱ
ү㿴
񽣴յǰǰˮĪŬŬ졣
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ˮĪ޵Ķʱᶯ˶Ȼڿ񽣺Ľ̸ʮʱϵԥѹ֮ɫҲΪԣȭͷָѾǶﾹƺ޲
ʱһһĹȥǼٽսսУԽˮҹƺȻˮҹѾȫ·磬˿̵ôļѣ
ڣڴŰʱҹȥĳһɲǣˮҹ͵μٷˣһڿѪ˴Ӱ׹¡
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״ɫ˲䣬һͬʱͿ˵̵
ͬʱˮĪ޾ȻҲˣٶȾȻҪǿϲ٣ǰ潫ˮҹڻУƮڵء
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ȿȡûû£ܳŵס
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һһңϵʩչֻҪ˶ܹͿԶһȴȫڱˮѹŴڸֵĻᶼûС
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ʱһŭȶȻ𣬱һӰ˲ƶֱӲ˵սУͿͳȥͬʱҲǽˮĹȫȥˮҲ֮֮Զ

ˮɫһ㶣˫𾪡
ûֵĵȷˮĪˮҼ
ڳˣ
ˮҹϸֳһĨõЦݣ֪һųˣֻûпҶѣ
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ˮĪûлش𣬶ǳǳƽҲˣ㾹ȻҶһ֣㡭ǻòͷˮٲ֮أ
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ʱĵ΢ˮĪȻı仯ԼǰǺʲôɵɫҲȻ
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ˮĻˮĪ޵ЦЩ飬Ҫ˵Ī浱ɵӣʲôף
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ˮĪߵҶˮҵˣҺҹĳҲûжйκεжȻȴԽԽˣ֮¾ʹգ
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ˮĪ˫΢УĿƻУֱֱˮȥ
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ˮû뵽ˮĪ޾˴ı仯Ҫ˵ʲô֮ʣˮĪȴĻֵˣϣԼ㣬¾ʹգٸǰ㣬ұʹҷ׽Σ
ҡ
ˮòУЩ
ôϻʲô˵𣿡ˮĪ
ϣڽ֮٣ߣ
ˮ˫΢УˮĪ໥Ľһ󣬱ֱһֳȥΧĸҲ֮ٸϣʱƵԺУҲֻʣˮĪޣˮҹԼͿˡ

ˮ뿪ˮĪ̾һӸղűǿϣһ»ָųģ
־޴ת䣬쿴Щ΢ʵ벻ͨˣ
ˮĪΪˮҼȻѹȣȫûнˮҹˣˮĪ޻ôһֱųȥ
ҹôˣˮĪ޼æĵĵ
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ˮҹ΢΢һЦ˵ҲҪϲҵң

ˮҹĻȴˮĪٴһ̾εĵЩ飬ҲɼҹȥϢڴϵͲҪˣҴɣ
ãŶˣҵֶӣɲܵǣˮҹ˵
İɣ
ˮĪЦŵͷͿЦŵͷŷˮҹ˲뿪


1095 ʹߣﱨ
Ҳ˵ͿˮĪ޷ˮҹ뿪֮ΣҿǴˮȥԼԺȴֱӺˣֱԺǼ䷿˫ֿ˼־Ƿǽϱ㻺һѪɫĹâĿռ֮漴һѪӰǹâ˳
ѪӰʵһѪɫˣͷһѪɫͷԵüΪ죬ϵϢǰƮȴѪϢ
ˮżٻǲб䣿ѪʵԵüΪ졣
ʹߣ°²
ˮͨһڵϣǰδеĲ㽫ŷһһʮ˵˳ʮ񽣵ѪԼǼˮĪ޺Ȼ֮ǿƵΡ

ѪһߣһѪֱֱˮϣӽҡ
ʹĥˮϷʹѣġںкܶĴҴһ㣬ɫڴʱԵüΪɲ
ⷿܲ󷨣Ҳʹй¶˵ע⡣
㱻ĥ˺üӣѪִһѪ⣬ˮʹȫʧЩҲ֮װ
´Σʹ߶նģѪȵ
ǣǣлʹߣ
ˮͬɥ֮ȮƵģû֮ǰǵְֹҵ̬ȼֱ˲ܡ
˵ɣ
Ѫ˰֣ĵԸҪɱӣıԴѪʹ͸㣡ϣ㲻ýʧ򣬾㱾ʹҪҲ
ǣǣף
գ֮ʹ߻㴫ĺϢǺôģӦףѪ˼
ա
ˮԲɵЩΣԼ겻Ҫܵĳͷջҧҧ׵ʹ߷ģһ쵽
ܺã
Ѫ˵ͷ漴΢һЩƽҲвٵĹͣµȷΪ鷳ʶñʹһ֮
̫ˣ
Ѫ˵Ļˮʱϲʹ֣߳񶨵˳ɣллʹߣ
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Ѫ˶˶٣ˮĪ޴˱ԭһֱΪǸų򣬶ҲҪһЩ£ڲˣȻȻǾãȻĴӰ죡
ǣף
ˮͷӦŵ˫˸ûԵĺâͬһͷݷҰޡ
ܺãȳȥɣʹ߽տʼססÿնҪѪʳѪ˵
ǣף¸ˣ
ˮӦŵ漴첽뿪ˣ
ߵĹâ뷿䣬ϡԼѪ䴦ȴһѪɫƺܹչ⻪һ㣬谵ķԵǰ죡

»һԺӣסΪͿ񽣵ŮҲ
ǰȥҲûκǵ鷳˻ᣬҲÿ϶ȥһ˺Ǳߣֻϧͨˮ̶·Ǳ춼ûټˮһ档
ȴȷˮԾǰȫģӦˮ̶ǱʲôʱܹټǾĲһˡ
֮⣬ˮҼˮĪ޺ͶˮҹҲһΣͿ񽣱ʾǵǸ⣬ΪʲôˮĪ޻֮ǰһֱˮѹԵʣҲû˵ȻҲʡ
ˮ飬ˮĪ޺ˮҹûἰһΣƺѾȴ˵ĴƵģˮҹ̬ȴܹط֣ˮҹɺܹˮİȫֻƺЩ֮ˡ
ЩҲԺˮҹҲڰʾѾˮĪˣлһὫˮϣܹ֤ľ԰ȫ
ġ
ĿһΧװʮµԺ䣬ȥߣ񽣣ǳȥ䣡
ϣ
ĻȻκηԡ
˱㲢߳Ժ䣬ҪʱһŮ첽ǰ˹Ҳֻǹ⻹⣬òõ죬ŪǸѾͷһġ
Բ𣬶Բ𣡡
ŮǸҲûϣڰʾû£Ҫǰȥ
ȻȴʱȴȻһֽţҪסŮʸ֮ʱŮѾԶˣƺ·Сײϡ
үôˣ쿴ŮıӰЩɻ󣬿񽣵Աʵ
û£
ջĿ⣬ҡҡͷֽţֻдһС֣»ɢ
ߣȥ»
ȭֽű̻촷ۣкſ񽣳»ķȥŪÿɶаͷԣҲûжʣͶˡ

»ˮһʮĵطݴ˵ÿµ֮ʱµ֮ҹ»ֳܹһƬõ
»Ҳ˶
ܶŮϲ棬˵ˮĵط֮һˡ
Ϳʱ򣬲ûκ˵ע⡣
ӣū
Ѱĳ˵ʱһŮ߾¶ۼĻﴫС
ܿ죬»ĳ
Χкܶ棬ûע⵽ߣΪǾһЩױƽкܴĲ
񽣣㵽߰ɣ
Ϳ˵һһǰֵĶ׼õĲˮһҲһЦ˿ѾΪĸĴڡ
Ȼȴһ츾緶ǻɫӹµһʱҪķˡ
ôңҿɻ᲻˼ģЦ
ٻ᲻˼ǿҾأ
Цȴǰڰ֣ԵˣЦˣôżˣӦֻΪ»ɣ
ˮҪԸǣҲɫһ
Ŷ
˴˻üëһϢҲ̫ʱ˰ɣΪˮĶϱ֮ܲǰ鶼֪ɣ
Ȼ֪ȴһ
Ȼ˵ҸղˮİţҪͼжһ£
ƾʲô
һʥ۷壬Ҳûʵ
ʵһƺΪɱ㣬ӶȡıԴѪ
û̬ȣ˵ǰǴΣмζˣҾʱĵ飬ˮ֧֣ʲô˾Ͳö֪ˣԲʲôˣ
Ҳôˣ
ӿЦұҼǵ֪ͨ㣬תˣҪˮ𣿡
˵ˣҲǵͷӦ
ðɣˣ
ͷ漴ó֮ǰĴЦʵҼǵ÷˵ϵˣΪʲôҪַʽҹ
ΪѾˮˣ
Ҳػصˮ˲򵥣ҵڰʲôֽţԣãǽԺ󶼲ˣŶˣʲôԸĻߵС֪ͨҾˣǣ
˵꣬ߣҡҷǼ㾭ױ֫Զ˵С㣬֮ǰǼ֮ˮҹŵŮ֮һ


1096 ˮĪ޵
òϣıоһ˿š
ϾˮأˮΪϸӪ꣬˵ˮҵ˵Уųɵ˻ѡȥ֧֮ǰ飬ˮˮҵҲǵһλģ
ˮĪ޺ˮҹƿصҲ治һˮĶ֣
ΪˮİȫκϽ̶ˮ
»һԽԽЩ鷳ˮãȴû˵ˮڰ֧֣
ô˭ʲôĿģ
˵ˮʵҪΪɱԼԼıԴѪôĿĵˮģ֮Ը
һڶһţɽ
񽣣ǻȥ
к˿һ˱㳯סĵطȥ;Ҳ֪ͨˮҹˮĪһ
صԺ󲻾ãˮĪ޺ˮҹһˡ
һ֮ƺЩͬһЩ˲֪飬Ǵ·֮ļ϶Ӧڿ˵˲䣬ЩŹ֡
ֶʲôأʲô𣿡ˮĪʵ
ûУûУ
һЦ̶һˮҹʱһ죬ûĳһۣˮĪ޷ӦƺЩٶۣڶûŪ׵ô¡
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ˮҹûĵòԵ޹ʽǹΪ˿ҵЦɣ
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Цãˮҹӣټε̶̬˼øС
и׼ȷϢˮҪǲҪıռˮң
쵭Եܿ콫˵ظһ飬ȻĴڣҲδ˵Ͼ֪ǰ˶ﵽʲô̬ȣ
˵ģǸ̵ˣôΪΡ
ĻˮĪ޺ˮҹıȴûеַŭԵüΪƽ
Сӣ˵ЩǶѾ뵽ˣҲһİţ
ˮҹ񻺻Ե˵֮ǲЩ԰Щˮˮ˺ܶƿأȴûǸôżְɣ
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ʼ磬˵ǷвޣСһЩûģҪĶˣִ̫ٵĻ̫Σˣ
˵Ĳ
ˮĪڱɫף漴ģˮĪȻȷųһЩɱϾҲˮҵļʲô˶ܹԸģֻҪˮҶұ֤ڣ
ʱˮĪޣ֮гžԵţ˸ǵĹâų̬ȫ죬Դ˸߿һۡ
УˮĪ֮ǰųֻһ̣֮ǰˮҹˣ̻ȥ
ˣƺ̫ʺܹﵽѵĳ̶ȣʱᱻΪǮֻ첢ûбֳˣڶԴˮҹˮĪ޵ʱ̬ȶȫһ£ֳԲĳ죡
ˮĻС̫ˣ
ǺЦˣСӾ;ſϷɣ
ᣬҿɲǸ˼
ˮĪ΢ЦµȷҪлǰ֪ͨȻһΪˮٹһʱ䶯֣ˣΪԷһҪ̫ȥ߶
ţˮģף
Цŵͷ˵ҿǺأ
Ǻǡ
˻һʱˮĪ޺ˮҹЦ˳

뵽֮ǰͿ񽣴սˮΣºֲ̬η̬ȣһܹ֮ģ
յΪ˲١
һԹԺƣԴǵĿ⣬죬ˮĪԼˮҹ˱ϵر˵һЩ޹ؽҪĻˮĪ޺Ļ̸мÿʱÿ̶ڶ첻ϵؽ̽Ͼһҵ𺳵ȷ̫һЩ
ˮĪ̽춼ûκεıʾĳЩؼʱ⽫ƫˮĪ޸ûдеõκõϢ
뿪ʱˮĪԵʧˮҹȴü΢ƺˮĪ޵ľٶЩֻǵ沢ûֱָˡ

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ҹȥϷˣȥһһʮ˵
Ϸ¶һĨЦζԵҲˣԼ¶Ŷ֪
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Ϸ˵Ļǲ⣬ºʱ¶ˣ
㣬ʵʲô׶ΣˮǺʵϷ˵

һ漴Цǵģˣµʵȥ͵ˮļƻԾһ©°²𷣣
ˣС²ʲôҲʧΪһ£
ϷЦŰڰ֣˸οЦݣȻˣǾ͸ɴôȥɣҲһ˶֪ܾͺãԺʱˣһȥټСӵģ
ǣ﹧Ӧŵ
ˣڱչﲻܱţ
Ϸ˶˶ٺ󣬼˵ȥһģһᱣ֤İȫҺĹϵҲȲҪԺһϲ
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㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
Уһ£֪ǷˣԵЩԥ
˵ɣ
Ϸİ֣Ҳǳ¼˶˹ģðĶһȥһ¹ڱȵ飡·֣е챦пܱã
Ŷ
ԣϷ˵һ뵽ʲôɵЦⲢûʲôǶΪ׼ģòҲ
Ϊ׼
Ϸ˵Ļǲ⡣
Щ飬֪
ϷûнͣǵԵԼ飡ѾӦ㣬ˮҵ֮ȥȻҲнͣϣ㲻ʧ
ʱϷ˵ĻԵľ棬һæͷϴ˿κεķ
ˣɣѾ𽥲죬ҲעˮҵȱҪ֮ʱһѡ֣Ϸ˵
ǣ¹ͷˣ
ĹУϷ˵λԭʧûκοռӡ
Ȼһȥ֮ʣϷȴٴγˣˣ
˻ʲôԸɫһ࣬æӦ
֮ǰ˵ˮϵĶľ诺ͶľݼΪأϷʵ
ǵģˣ
Ｑæ·˲֣鲻ǵĵϸҲ֪ǺηʥϣǶǶľˣ
ţһˣҴ仰
˷Ըһ쵽
Ǻǡôţֻһ仰ѣ
˵Ϸ˶˶٣˼һ㣬һŵ˵Ʈɢ쫷Х˸ּɣףȥ֪ͨˣͲùˣˣ˭ģ˵ϼɣ
ǣˣ¼ȥ죡
ţ
Ϸ˵ͷ뿪ˣһͷˮɻ󣬸Ͳ֪ǰ˸ֵʲô˼


1097 ˮľŭ
Ʈɢ쫷Х
ˮεڣöľ˵˸֮ʱȴһɻ󣬡㣬ʲô˼ôף
Ǻǣףȥĳλǰɣ
ЦԵλǰĻ˵ϵķ˵ģ
㣬⡭
ľҪʲôȴûиᣬܿ콫תƵǰʱ䶩棬öľɻȻ֮ǰΪԴ̬ȱ仯Ҳöľ֪ﲢǵˣҲôȥˡ
ܿ죬õ뿪ˣڶľܿĹ˵ţ̶ľ棬һ˽ó˴
诣ʲôôżǲˮǱ߳ʲô⣿ŶľԪ룬ǴϺܿ׹ʢֳһߵӰĪɽĪүӡ
ʦû£ͽ֪ͨһ仰ľ诵
Ŷѵ㱩¶ݣ˲Ϊʦ֮ĹϵĪɽ΢
ʦͽҲ֪ǲǱ¶ˣӦûϵǸ˲ǵˣ
ðɣ˵˵Ҫ֪ͨΪʦʲô
Ͱ˸֡Ʈɢ쫷Х
ľ读˵û뵽ǣµɲǣĪɽӰȴ۾ڴ˵Ļ»ֱӱƽľǰˡ
𾪣ޱȵ𾪣
ʦ⡭˸ʲô𣿡ľ诺ܲ⣬·ΪĪɽ壬Щ
˵仰˭ģĪɽûлش𣬺żĴʵ
һŮˣ
ľҲ쵽һЩŵգæ飬ԼǶеõȫһһ˵˿ĵ
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˵󣬶ľ诼Ҹ˵Ǿ仰һϵķ˵ģ
ϵķˣϣ
Īɽһ·ʲôɫһ䣬˺ܶࡣ
ľ诺ǾȣҶ췢ģһμԼʦʧ̬
ϵķˣѵ
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Īɽһֱɫ仯ĺܿ죬֮ղŸӵʧ̬˼֡
ľ诲ҳţһֱصȺ򣬴ʮӹȥĪɽ΢ƽһЩ诣Щ֮⣬Ǹﻹ˵ʲô𣿡
ûУôһ㣡Ϊʲô飬֮ͽʦˣľ˵
ţ
Īɽûлɶľ诵ĻʵǴ˶Σ
̬ȼã
ľ诳ŻصƵģʱͽã
Ҳ²ĵȷûˣû뵽û뵽Ȼ
Īɽ̾һ˫зŨŨľ⣬诣Ϊʦ֪ˣϵ㣬ǸϵķˣΪʦһ£ܷʱ䣬Ϊʦȥݼ
ʦ˵ȥݼǸϷˣ
ľ课סˣôҲ벻ףǸϵķ˵ʲôˣȻܹԼʦ˹Զԣ֪һϢԵˣ˶ûأ
ԣûΪʦȥݼһִ֮񣡡ĪɽӦ
⡭
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һľ˵ͽˣʦģͽһ쵽
õģмǣһҪһЩȻΪʦҲȲ㣡Īɽѵ
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ľǿĵɻӦŵ

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תչȥ徻񽣣˿ںԺкžƣĿ⣬ȻУ񽣹һھƺȴɫصĵ
ţ
˫΢УӦ˵ĲˮȻ֮ڶ֣
ﲻ˵ҪĿʵү𣿡񽣵
ǺǣƲֻң㣡ԼҵıԴѪ
ЦЦŤͷʵ㲻ȥڣҪ֪ڵʥʵȥԼ֮϶׵ĵϵ
ֻǵðԼطʲôǵˣȥ
֮ȴƲƲ˵ˣү㲻ȥɴûô
ˮʵѾŭˣˮĪ޺ˮҹʵҲɣֻûֱʳѣ
첻÷ļԼأô죿
ô죿ǲȥȥ
Ʋ˵ڴڵĳȾƣмܿԴǶˬȥ֮滹ܵƣǼֱ
аɣı㣡
ʼ磬Ҫ뿪ĻƻЩӦ
ϾֵһѾʮˣΪʵΪֵܣֵܸף
ˣ
ڽĳһɲǣ΢ǸֳһĨаЦ
ٺ١кϷˣ
죬ϵЦԳѪ
Դǰ֪֮ͨԺΧݴͣΪľһܹ֤İȫһҲԸˮĪ޺ˮҹʱ䣬ϾǲζԿɱˮ
ʼˣ
΢΢һЦּ䵯һĻ渡ֳǰԺ󷨵һΡ
εѾ񣬺ķԪľŹ޼󣬹ΪŸ֣໥仯ҪĻֻһ·ǾǱҪͬʱƳŸֵۣһ룬Ҳ󷨷ı仯֮˵
Ǹţʥǿߣʥ۷ˮҲٿסһʱ䡣
ͨĻͿ񽣿ԿǰԺзһУǰԺΪΧԲ֮ڵΣȻҲˮҴˮ
ʱˮȴɫŭ֡
гǰԺ£˾Ź޼ڣȻ浽׷ʲôֽϵĲҺȴǴڳ˼ѹȣһɫѿ˼㡣
뵽ϴ󷨴ˣЩ˱ʧȥģһɫԵΪήҡ
Լ״̬ˮܲŭ
ϧԼĴˮˮҵ󷨵һȴڱչأ˵ϴε󷨶Ծˮߵأˮ붼ûг˼
ֻܲϵȥˣ
ˮ˫кâ˸
ѣʲôѣ϶
ˮŲܻˣˣֻҪܹɽʹߵǴһοǸʹ߿϶ڸǣҪԼиʹĳͷٴγ֣붼ˮÿ־֡
ţ
һˮʥ⣬ȫһȥ˽Ժڶնף㽫γˮĳϣЧ
ɱˣɳΪĳϣ
ˮĻ˶ͬ˼Ѫһ㣬֮ǰеĿ־ȫʧһǺųԺӳȥȫ׵һ㣡
ȴԤϵУŹĻгֳΣ첻мƲƲ죬⣡


1098 ֮ŭˮ
ֲҺϣͨĻۿһ侳ĸо
һߺžƣһ߿󷨵ת˿κεĵǣǵһĨаЦǰ
үҪðȥ
˾ƵĿ񽣣˿϶úһЩսⰻȻ
׼ȥ
Ȼȴɫһֱ࣬ҡͷҪľҵŹ޼ȻȴҲûжܹס̫ãһҪʲôͻ䣬룡
ðɺðɣүģ
ƲƲ죬ûж˵ʲô˵Ļһˡ
ڣŹ޼ľŸֶˮ˽Ŀ£󷨵ĸֱɱ¾ȴЩͬ˵һ㣬˵ˣǷܹԱһʮּѵ⣡
񽣺ٺֱЦЩϲҺǣϸֳһĨѪЦݣͷ޲ھͳȥúõػֻϧû֮ͬǰǾԲġ


ֲҺЩΪˮἰһˮĳ֮λѾǳ׷ˣһ۲ϵسܹ·𵽴Ƶġ
ͨĻ񽣿ԺĿʵЩȫԼˣȫһɱ
үҲ̫˰ɣǰҲ󷨣ôڱǰǿ˺ܶడ
񽣹۾˵Щ˹ĵطԼˣһЩմǻƴƵģ
ǻɱ󣡡
΢΢һЦ˵ʵŹ޼һϾż֮ĸϻɱ󷨣ԻɱΪϾŹ֮γһѭ໥תûйӲΪ߸ǿʵ磬ҪͨƳŹ޼ǳ˵Σ
ҲǱʲô⡷ѧģʵ
ڵջ񣬿Ȼ֪һ
ǣҲǣ
첻÷Ц⡷󲿷ֽһЩ󷨣һϹŵ󷨣ǽŹ޼һ໥γ󷨵ģȻ֪жǿӦñ֮һЩϹҲ˶٣
Ŷٺ١
Ӧһͷ¶˺Цݡ󷨲Ȥһ֪⣬Ҳ
˵мܹÿĻһ
ڿ񽣿û;ûĽ죡
ͷϹԶʦĪˮʦＧõȵȣڰѧԺλүӣʵǿ̵񽣵ģ
˵񽣵һҲѾϵһ𣡵Ȼ˵ֻ໥ֵֿ֮꣡
ү쿴˺üˣ
񽣺ȻָŹĻѡЩɱУԼǣ񽣾һޱʹĸоཹཱུĴڴڹƣģֱ˷ܵ˼㣡
ֻǿŹĻ·ܹŵǰԺдѪϢ
ڵǲ֫ϱۣ˵ҺȴüЩĵ󷨵ǲ

˴˻񽣲Щࡣ
Źȥ̶ʮʱѣѾжʮˣ⻹
ҵģ
վ˫΢оâ˸˫ֵӡһӡֱӴĻ֮Уʱ֮ͨĻչֳΣ񽣿ĿھȻƾճĿֲâһһˮƵģ·Զ׷ƵģÿһâǾ׼Щϣûһա
һâȷ̫ǿټϱϾЩ˵ʵҲǲ͵ĶڵԪڡ
Ͳסâ̫డһУǾһʮٲǾһٵ
ĿУǵ˳̶˲Ӵ󣬼ֱͬɭ޵һ㣬Ҳ̶ãֻ˲ֱӡ
񽣿ȴԽԽ˷ܣٴι˼ƣһ
ܰɣ
ǵаЦ˫ӡٶԽԽ죬ͨĻֱӴ֮ڣ󷨼ٱãֹղŵĵâһϯЩ˸ǲϲ涼û
磬ˮ⣬ʯ飬ڻһĿռѷ죬һ˫˫֣ոЩ˵
ЩȴŹ޼¾ܼʱӦǿƵĹУҲֻܵޣ˵ˣ󷨵ı߶û
ү쿴ˮϲǶҪðˣʱ򣬿񽣺ȻЦ
Ǿٸһ̼
ٺһЦһĨϷʵĹâ漴ֿٵĵ˼£ǰԺ棬ˮǰȻӿһĻɿ˳
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ˮһ󿴵ĻΣ̲סһѪ˳
ȫǱİ
ģģ
ˮŭѣǹĻչֵһУڶ²Ļ桭
֫ϱۣѪأڸָɱ֣ˮ侳֮У֮ıŭУһֱ޵졭
ˬ̫ˬˣ
⽫ˮıҲͨĻչ֣ÿ񽣿ĹЦ֮ǰԼϲĿŰΣ񽣴ʱͲһֳı֮У
Ȼûп񽣱ֵôţеЦȴôҲβˡ
ٸһ̼ģ
΢΢漴˫һݣ˫ϵӡһָһĳǰԺӶȥһ˲䣬ͨĻ𾪵ķ֣ԭΪŸֵ󷨾Ȼʼ໥ںϣֱӴӾŸںϳ֣ÿһڵĸֹҲ˲ǿ
һɵĺ󷨱õһ˲䣬㵱ʮ˳ܲסüֱӱѪԼڵอ׷һء
⣬ֱһֱŰɱĽ
ҪǶȥ
棬ˮͬͨĻһС
ŭŭУ͵һΧʥ֮˵汾ȥסҪȫʩչͲˣܹ赲ʥһ֣
У׼˱λãȫȫбΪǱݻ𣿡
ǣϣ
˷׷Ӧŵʥ֮ˣԼĸ߰ˮĻȴ˿ķ
ߣ
ˮκγɣൢһӻͶԼһĸڡ
˵ģʱ涼ûԼĸ˲ˣˮûоģ޹ֺ˵ıŭ
ৡ
ӰٵڡȻ֮ǰͨĻΣȴһֲңˮŭǰ޲һ̽ʬΡ
үˮˣʥ򣡡񽣵
ţҿˣ
˫΢еĵ˵ͷ񽣣ȻҪȫ󷨣ҪĻҪԪ͸ңҪɣ
İɣүؿӦ
ˮʥ۷壬ټ˲ʥؾʥأʵԶԶˡܹƾ󷨸ǴȥһЩ˺ĻͿ˵ҲһΪ飡


1099 ˮ
ûٶ˵ʲôֱӣɫȻ˼㣬³ӯһޱϢ·ѾǰԺеľŹ޼ȫΪһƵġ
˾ȵǣǷ·վڵϵ˫ţȴвʮ׵ľţ·ʶΪӣÿ񽣿ֱֱ㶡
֮ǰȣȴҲʱ׼ţֻҪһҪԥʩչԪеľٶ׷ѣ
ǷܹǾŹ޼ˮʥס˵סǶ೤ʱ䣬Ҫķˣ
Ժеգƺһ˲١
ûмȾƣȫĵĶϣ˫ȭգ¶֮ɫȴֲҳţĶ
ڣˮɫī̿ǿ˺üԼˣ˫â˸ѣ磬Եޱȱ䡣
ϣ󷨵ȷܹ찡
һʥص˵˵ˣǶ˵ȫֿĻǶҪþˣ
˵䣬˸ǲϵĻг˷Ϯĸֹȫɫޱѿ
ǰ
һʥصҲ֮ôȥǵ˾Ҫˣǿ󣡡
㣡
ˮһһҪֵܵĹһ滹ڲϵĹ۲졣
Ȼ֮ϵȷûжΪʵֵزһ׳Ҳ˽⣬ֻ󷨴ʦԣ˽ĳ̶Ȳһˡ
ķ֣
һҵ۽Ȼƣ
ֻ취ˮ˵ûʲôãܹҵ۵Ļֺα֮ǰô˽أ
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Һãʵֻʥ۷壬Լ硣
Ҫ֪ʥ֮ÿһͻּѵģС磬¾ͽһ֮Ѱ˵ذľ޴ࡣ
˵ˮԱߣʥغʥصĸ
Զˮ˵ǿİ취Ҳõˡ
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ˮĪ˫һУǰԺͨԺĴš
ȻŴŵĴ򿪣ˮΪ׵ʣ룬ˮԸʥ֮ˣٵĽ˰ΧΪԷһԺǽ϶վˣ
Ǽƣֱ˲ð
ȻˮڿˮĪ޵ĵһۣȴ˫̲ͫסľô
״һʲô˼ѵˮĪ޲Ӧ
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һʦĪˮһʮصĶأ뷴˯ߣ࣬ҳʱĻѪҺήڶ˵ԸҲɼӰ죬Σ
״ȴΪ˸鲻ʲô򣬼ûκε
֪Ͷ˺θɣ
ˮضһˮĪ޺󣬵ĪǻҪס˶˲ɣ
鵽ֵزϻҪֽ𣿡
ˮĪЦǰ㿪ʼ˽յļƻҲһܣˮƺˮȨߣô

⻰ˮſЦ
Цſţȷһ°ơ
˿̣ΧҲǳ֣ǶˮĸȻҪˮͬˣʱˮҲǲͣˮĪ޵Ļ֮ǲû̫ĸо
ǿϲʵˮҼ
ȻѾ˺ǱҲˣ
Ц֮ˮˮĪޣڽ֮λøһ
ø㣿
ˮĪЦƾҲ䣿ҰĲ֮ˣҲΪˮ֮
ˮĪޣ֪˵ʲôΪ֮λܻõ죿ˮ
ô
ˮĪ޼ЦʱˮҹȴߵˮˮΪûһֶΣֶǷŽ𣿡
ʲô˼
ˮҹĻˮüͷһ壬ע⵽ˮĪ޺ˮҹʮģһ˿
˼ȥյļƻûκ©ʵ벻˻ʲôܹתĵƣ
ɣˮӣ
ˮĪһЦһ
ৡ
ʱ֮䣬ʮӰٴ˸룬ϸһʮ֮࣡
ˮӲμʮڵأޱȡ
ˮӣʲô⣿û˵ˮߵ
û˵Ҫܿͻ֪ģ
ˮĪ޵Ļһ䣬Ŀ⳯ˮʥ֮ɨȥԵλ


1100 ˮĪ޵ʵȥˮ
ʲô
ˮĪ޵Ļڳ˾һˮŤͷ˹ȥ
²μ
Ȼ˳˵еʥء
㣬ǡ
һĻˮʱɫ䣬˿ľĸһֱʲôö˷ãǵʵϣܹ֮λʱ𵽹ؼã
ɴˮҲû뵽龹Ȼ
ôܾҵĴϣ
ˮĪЦǶұˮӵӳôܻ㣿ŶˣøлʱΪǵĸ
ˮĪޣ㣬㡭
ˮòУָˮĪ޵ֶǲ
Ͷˣ
ˮŭˮĪЦʵɣ㻹ΪɵڱЩСΪ᲻֪ͬΪˮѪǱĳҲ¶ĶԸ㣡̵飬֪Ϊȴ֪㿴޽֮ڱȴ㲻ʲô
㡭ˮĪޣԭԭһֱװģ

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ˮҹȴСŮ˰˼ȴԾͶˮĪ΢΢һЦ
Σ
ˮһƽϢһ˱ȫɱˣˮ֮Уз߸ɱۣ
ô㵽ھȻţ
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о׻˵ĺá
ˮƽؿˮĪޣĵνˮĪޡɣ
£ˮһ˲ƳˮĪϮȥٶ֮쾹ڳ˶Ӧ
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ŤͷˮĵΪˮҼûƥʵΪõϿ𣿡
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ˮŭһٴγˮĪ޹ȥǰսͿ񽣶ԣʱˮչֳʵǿһЩȻ֮ǰȷ
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ˮӵƽʵԪڣ֮ΧЩǿ˲٣Զٴ඼ûκ·磬Χʵ̫һЩһЩ˲ĵطȻǳûǱϮȥ
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κμĵ̣ӵĲĵĹأ
ȻǵжԵ˫ǿ϶ˡ
ٶȣӺѾ˺µĶڣôı̹ǣγȻͬأ鲻ԽĴһ
ǵϴʱûҵǸȥˮ̶ĶڣһҲһĵģпˮԾˮ̶ĵ֪顣
֪ܿԼĵǶˡ
Ҫ׼ѰҶڵʱ򣬺Ȼǰɽһ¡ڳֶڵͬʱˮӰǶ
ܵܣˮƺ֪ϳ֡
ˣ
ȥ붴֮žůһЩ˲ɢ
ôˣˮʵ
ȥ
ЦǺǵػص漴Ŀˮϣɵ˫ͫһȲѣˮ㣬㾹ȻڼʱѾԪڣ㡭㵽ôİ
ļǵãϴʱˮֻԪǰڣҵﱻӡأ
ӡ⿪ˣʵڶ̶̼֮Ԫڣ
ٶȣ춼
Ͳ㣡
ˮһЦʱͷߡ
Ժͻ֪
ˮĵ߽㣬浽ʲôôôĵ˵ӽҳȥأ
ڿǷˣǸˮ
ٺһЦ漴򵥵˵һ飬ˮ˿ĵֱ֣Ҿ˵ˮһֲôıأںˣͶ϶ˣߺߣŵʲôʱ򣿡
ˮ㣬ھͳȥɣ˵
ۣ
ˮԥֱӴӦ󲻵˵ʲô־ֱȥٶȼֱЩ֪룡
ûп뿪ԭһĵطȻһɫӰ˵ıӰ¶һĨοЦݣܰ


1101 Ѫʹֲʵ
Ӻ뿪ˮͬСһ㣬ֵŵŵŵȥʮֵļ
ʱˮͬСŮƵģƽУ˼ഺ鶯ֲͬһϣȴκεĲʣΥ͸С
Ծһܴɻˮô̶ܹ̼ʱУʵԽô磡
֪Ѱߣ¾۷ڲߣǴԪǰԪڣҪʱ˲٣ԼҲԶԶȲˮٶȣ
ֻǣˮ˵ѵ컹ȥʣ
ιܵܡ
һˮͣЦȥĶѽǲȥˮǸôģ
뿴𣿡ʵ
ȻһɱҸ׺ĸױأˮԥĵͷ˵
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쵹ҲûгɣϾˮѪ𣬾㲻ֱ𣬵ܹۼ֤ˮˮ˵Ҳһ¡
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˫һУԥĳԱȥǧý趯âɿӭЩѪ⣬ȻȴûеֽĶײǼâѪⲻϸʴ̶̼ʱ㳹ʧѪȴڵλϮ˲١
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һĻʱɫ䡣
㻹ʵʵ־ܰɣܵƤ֮࣡ѪâûмѪ֮ǰǾԲʧģѪʹ˵ӵĹ죬·˶øܲˡ
ñ־ܣΣ
ҧҧǼʲӵѪâϮ͵̧ߣĿȳƽն
ʮ׳ľ޴âžŶÿռ䶼ƣƵȷ˺Ȼˮվںǽŷȭҧ촽ȫȻ޾ĵǡ
ٹĹҲֻԪ
쿴ǰѪʹȻΪŶԵʣܿݣȴɿԸָܵ߰ͶԼĲмһˡ
˫һУȵƣ
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ЦѪʹɢѪΪŨʵһ㣬ÿ˼֮С
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첻˼ٴη
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ȻѪʹȴǲмһֻ趯˫֣Ѫ·һ죬ɿĲϣǰδе˵ˣȻۿɼٶȱʴš

״ǰһЩϵѪڸܵһ𵴣˵Ӷʱ˼¡
ƽƾն
Ľٱ䡪ն
ǿĲʣȳֲĽâͬʱϮȻ֮֮ǰ΢һЩȴǸǿ˲٣ܿռ䶼һĿռѷ죬ĺ
Ĳͱˣ
ѪʹȻɭһЩֱӿЩְѪֳһЩַɿĽ޴âסˣֹȻҲֻܲ˵Ѫʹȥʲô˺ˣ巽Բ֮ڶ޷ӽ
첻òϣѪʹʵȷֲ̫һЩҪǸʥ۷ˮǿ࣡
ѪȻ˲١


1102 ˣһĨӰ
ŴŴš
оԼҪѪʱ𣬱޴ĽâڼͬʱɢҲ˸ŨѪϢ
ۡ
ΪԵʣһѪֱ˳ɫ԰ףڰоҡҡ׹֮С
ܵܡ
һĻˮԥɿ콫ŷɻص˵档
ܵܣôˮĲѣæԪΪȶڵơ
ã
ǿһЦ嵹ûܵʲô˺ǾЩˡ
ȻڿҲûʲôŬ֧š

ʱѪʹٴγˣߵŮܵˣǾʵ־ܣ˵ʵһϧˣ
ȿȡ
˼ʵҿɲһ⣡
ŶȻԣϲҲҪĿģѪʹӦƺѾ쵱֮
ѪΪʲôǵҪҵıԴѪѵΪֳҵࣿʵ
Ȼ
ѪʹͷаЦ㲻ҵȥңһǳֵ˷ܵ𣿡

⻰춸ȻЩɫ䡣
ΪѪԼһ˶ѣȴû뵽ȻҰô۷֮׵ļ嶼
ͻأģ۾һתֱӿٵĵҪ𣿡
𣿡
ĻѪʹһ㶣ϢƺһЩǱס˫Ķ죬һһٵĵ֪Ĳٰ
ҪܵܣǱʲô𰡣ѵǸѪµ֯г𣿡ˮܲ⡣
Ȼ˵
ˮС֣ŤͷѪʹҲµòѪϹʱڱ𣬾ȻвĪǣҲϹʱڲ
ϹʱڡңԶ
ˮĿз޾ɻͲ⣬òϣʱԽˣ¶ɢһš
Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼
ѪʹҡҡͷĵˣѾ㹻ʱˣѡ־ܵĻǱֻҪȥͬԧˣ
ͬԧ죿˵ҺܵŶǺǺǡܲأܵĺܺأ
ˮһ죬Ƴһ۱Լŵ죬츾ȫȻڣһŮλðĳ״̬
ҪɱǣΪһ𣿡
ͻأıñ䣬ˮҲ˻عԼղŵ뷨㲻һ࣬æһ߰˰˵뷨˦Ժվһû˿Ѫʹ
Ǻǣһԣ
ѪʹЦһѪ⿪ʼٴӿֲ˲
ˮ㣡
״Ȼȥסܣ
ʲôҲҪһ𣡡ˮֱҡͷ
㱿˭˵Ҫˣ
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ǺðɣģˮȻĵͷƺʲôԣȴ˵
ţǾ׼ɣһʼܣܷʲôǧҪǰˮһ֪ô
ţ˼ֲǱף
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ͷһ͵ٴڿգ˲䣬ֲֳľƷ·ѪʹƷͥһ㣬ԽƬռޱȿֲѹ֮С
ˮ㣬׼ã
촫˵һ䣬ɫȻ˳
𼼡ս죡
ҫŭ
ɲǣʵһ㣬һռѷİ£ȻǰѪʹȥ
ৡ
ˮκγɣŤͷԶȥΪץʱ䣬ѾеԪת˿գۼѾɳǧ֮Զ
ףܣ
ѪʹһҪ׷ʱȴϣֱ˱ؾ֮·ϡ
㲻Ҫɱ˱٣ȡԴѪǾɣ
߲ѣʱҲôʱƽѪʹǰһҪһɱĺ˹ơ

Ѫʹŭˣ˷ѪʢУѪɫʱֳƴŻѪϢһĳڵλüϮȥ
Ѫɫֳ֡
һֺ͵ڶֱֶӭֵһȴѸײڶٶȳϮȥ
ã
о˼ΣҪ˲ƶɲǣȴɫΪ䡣
Ϊ𾪵ķ֣ܿռ䶼޷ʹ˲ƣ
䡭
һɲǣǷ·ػĺ촫ĽȫҵΪǿĹҲѪɫܵ˼ˣڸͷС˺ܶࡣ
ȻǺĴԼĻһڸܵ˼𵴣ټ֮ܿռ䱻Եʣʧȥܵʱ
Ѫɫˣٶȼ죡

ɫףæתԪǰγһ֣ǿʵܹǿ
䣡
һ죬Ԫû˿飬ĲƮɢҲһѪ
ţѪɫϮֻǿŤתһӣܿҪĲλ
䡭ء
Ϯӱײʮ֮ԶѪɫҲͬһʱ䱬ըֲһϯȴ׵壬޷κ֮Чĵֵ
Ȼ⻹˫СֵѪɫҲϮ
ţͬĳͬıըͬһ֣
ۡ
ȫʧȥ˵ֿ˴Ӱ׹أѾûκһõĵطѪȫȫȾڵĹͷȫһ㣬׹֮޷վ
ֻ֮࣬ǰһƬ谵֧УȻֿȴȫûа취ԺͷһѾ˹ȥ
ڻ֮ǰȴԼһɫӰ˲֣ӰĳУѪɫѪʹһҺȻ󡭡
ʲô֪ˣֻһ뷨Ӱǰ

ʲôϮ
һߣˮٸϵǴԺʱˮĪ޺ˮԾڰмѣΧˮӵȻٴɱ¾ˮߣˮҹˮĻȴ˲䡭
죡ȥ
ˮҹ񲻸ҵ飬Ҫˮسʲô⣬ŭ֮ˮҾΣˣҵĵλҪ˵ˮˣ۷еκһҲضܵޱŭĿ񱩹
һ㣬ˮҹɣ
ǣ̣⡭
ˮ˵ǸѪʹʵˮҪǿû˵ˮҹһѽסֱӳˮ˵ĵص˲˹ȥ


1103 ϢҪ飡
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ʱ򣬷ԼڴϣˮĻϲһ˫κ˵УѾ˼ˮ
ܵܣɵˣ
ˮæھˮҰİɣѾûŶ
ûˣ
Щɻ𾪵ķԼѾȫָʥ۷廹һּͻƵơ
ͬɶаͷԣͻأ뵽֮ǰһĨӰһ̣
ܵܣ׷ʲô飿ǸѪʹôȻˣ
ƺûɻ뾪죬ˮǹƵĽ˵Һ̸ϻȥʱ򣬾ͿһϵˣֶƤˣǰҸһ
ǼûһɫӰûлش𣬷ʵ
ɫӰ
ˮ΢һ۾ٵһԥȴ֪뵽ʲôæҡͷ˵ûаҺȥʱֻһ˶ѣǸѪʹأѵƴ˽𣿡
ƽʱ춨Ȼᷢˮԥ
ȴȫûע⣬˷ˮʻȴǿЦһ£εĵƴ˽ܣֺȥȱ
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ֶôû˰ɣһڣˮҹʵ֮Ĺĺԡ
ҲЩжЦŵл̹ģѾûˣ
˵䣬Ѿֱ壬´֮󻹻һֽţκβ֮
ĵȷȷѾһĳ׻ָˣҴڵ״ֻ̬Ҫһʵʱܹ˳ͻʥأڻҪǾͲö֪ˣ
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ЩȻҲǣˮĪ޵ıôԸˮѹͷϣοˮıˮҼ֮λѾһԵͽˣҲΨһĽ֡
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ЦŰ˰֣ҵҲͷˮ̷ģ˵ǸʵӦҲŶԣ
ѽǶȥˣ
ˮڱûĶһۣˮҹ̿ûټôȥڵҲºࡣ
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ˮҹǺȻʲô˵˵ˮ֮ǰһЩ顭
˶ˣ
ˮҲڱͷȵܵܣ㲻˵ΪѰɶӵϢôˮ˵ǸʲӵѪʹ˵һСкǴӻԪ½еģҺɶӾͽɣ

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ˮ˵ǸʹǴɱ㣬ȡıԴѪԺٴȥһģֻϧû뵽Ṧܴɣ
Ŷˣһ㣬ĸɶӦúСӱǶĳطصˮҲ֪Ψһ֪ľֻǸѪʹ
ˮҹ˵εļ
ûбصѪܲͺãȷ˾ͱڶķΧڣôѰҲ˺ܶࡣ㶫ϽΧɺܴ󣬵ܱѰҪõö࡭
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ˮҹЦܹؼҺˮһѰңضȻܹʱϸһЩܹȷؼҳְæҲֻΪļ˰ֶҲ֪˵ʲôˣ
Цˣ
ЦЦҲκεıóʼϵط磬Ҳûбܿˮҹˮˣͨط˳ؼҼȡϵԥӦ̬ȣˮҹ߿˼֣

İʱ䣬һֱˮҵȴϢˮؼңֻҪһҵһʱ֪ͨ
ڴ֮ǰҲǽˮϵȺ飬ŮŮټĹ嶼ӵˮҰ٣һҲܵˮ¼ȳԴûκβ۵˸
ˮҷһУǴˮˮҹ˵֮һԵ£Ҫʲô⣬Ǹô찡
ȷܴؼҺˮҵ˼㳲Ҳûܹ鵽׼ȷıص㣬ҵ̺ʽѯʣҲ𽥵С˷ΧѰҵĻԽ˺ܶࡣ
ԣǼҲͼˮҵС
Ȼڰ֮ĳգȻӵԻԪ½ϣͷϹԶĴš
ǸǬ񾧣ͷʱ䴸ųɹĴ񽣵ȷã֮ͬһʹôҪ
Ȼͨͷӵ죬ȴһЩϢƾȻҪˣ
ûǳƣǸԪ½ݳҵĶСƣ
ڽĶͷӲû˵ƺһĬĬ֪֮ӺַӮ˳үӺͳҼϿɣȻƼ޸ͬʱ˽֮˻ңҲζųҵĴȨ䡭
һº󡭡
ȷܲȻͳ֮ȷûʲô֪ΪΣԴĵ׵Ĳˬ޲һ̱ȥƸ
ֻ»ѰҪ飬Щ


1104 ٻزݳǣ֣
ְ֣ȥӻòã
ЩʱȴǺȻĴ˵۾գѽգ۵ϣ

һϵ飬ѺŮȴЩĵ׷ᡣ
ƺ֮ȷûʲôһְ֣һģˣ˭ΪǾһԣ
ƫƫСѾͷ֪ô¾һֱĿڣ·׼˳Ƶģ¾Ǹʱõ飬СѾͷҲֻǵõһ衯ĳƺš
ȥӳƵĻԵŮ̫Сˣ
ѾͷҲû˵ʲô˼ҪһЩܹоŮ飬ֻǹԹԵվһԣǿ񽣺վԶ˺ѾõֵƵģʱʱЦ쿴Щֻɡ

콫Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬿ίͳϣĴ۾ٶĻ˵ܺľܾ
㱼䣬ƶ֮ʱЩ飬ұµǶ̥ǣбֲԸӣһ˲һѿֱӴӦĳ嶯
뵽һԼԽԲŮǱѾߵĻȴٴȥ
磬ȥɣ
ŮһۣĿڵ
ţ
һȴһЦɢ޾ᣬƽ϶ԸģȻҲ֪浽׷ʲôƽ޸һϲˣôһӶҸģ
пܵĻƽӹһɣǿǽأ
ĻĺǸжһʱ侹ǲ֪˵ʲôá
磬ɲҪƽ۸ˣ
Ҳ֮˵ȻǰǺƽȷЩ϶ǶѾǹȥˣҲϣƽ޸Լϲأ
ȥɣ˵ŨŨ⡣
ã
ͷȴԥ顭
İɣǻ𣿡
ЦֻҪһҵǾȥӻĸɵǲһĸ𣿡
ңѪʹѾټҲʲôΣյģ˵ΣգؼҺˮأ
ðɣҾϻ
мĵͷСѾͷǰֱӵһϽŮϿҵǷģֻҪƲļ޸Ǽһģұ֤ȫĴ
ţȥɣѾͷǣ͸һˣٴϿ񽣺ǣףŵ
ã
ҲûܾѾͷȴǾС죬ӡ
ԴӱŮ󣬻ϻû÷ֿء
Ǻ˵˵οУСѾͷǺܿĻָһЩ챣֤ܿͻѾͷ´˿ɰЦݡ

һСһ˴ͨصݵʱ򣬾Ѿ˵˲ٹڳƼϢȻзԼȻûж֪
Ҳޱ
˵ҪŮĻүӺͼⲻںŵԣҲӦòзϢɣ
˵Ͼһʮʢ飬˭óǲڵ֮أ
үôˣ˼ģͷʵ
е㲻Ծ
ۣȴûж˵ʲôÿ񽣸ɶаͷԡ
ǵһԪ½ΧһжЩ棬ûκθоƲ˵ү϶ϲǸгƵС㣬ΪԼﲻžòԾɣ
˷һÿһЦԴʾͬ⣡

˵ϷʣûĶһۡ
УȴԾЩŪѵϲ˳ƣ
ˣȲˣ
˦˦ͷƽ黹мʱ䣬߹ȥʱӦûʲô⣡
Ȼ˵ߣٶҪƽҪϺܶ࣬ټĴߴ٣һ˵ٶȵҲ֮Ѿǽ뵽˲ݳǵķΧʱƵĻ죡
ûżȥңҲͬûȥݷòݳڵκһˣڳһҲ۵Ŀ͵ס¡
үô죿
ס֮󣬿񽣴ֵ˵˵ɴֱȥСˣ԰ǵʵʲôģ
˵ʲôأ
ԣûĵΪ𣿱ųֻڻԪ½ϣʵеĺܶ߼嶼ҪǿһЩĳǺô죿ѲҪóƺͳҳ׸𣿡
ү˵ô죿ĳ𣬿˿Ϊͷ
ٵȵȰɣʱ䣡
ʼ磬Ը͵Ļƶ˳Ա󣬱һӣߣǳȥ䣡̽Ϣ
ðɣ
Ȼ춼ô˵ˣ񽣺ǵȻǲκ飬ҲӲˣСѾͷֻҪְܹУʲôأ
ֻܺͰְֽģô
ĴϣĳˮͥŲһ㣬ϵشһЩϲĵڣǽܲݣԪ½ϵļΪȤƺһҪڻԪ½ϼȥĳ嶯
磿
ʱһϤŤͷȥ֣κСЩĳ
֣磬С㣡
ˣеĶɱǰ
ԣ
СڷֱһڣֱӽСѾͷȻϲ˼㡣
ô
ЦźǴһкʵ
磬ǵĵŶ
ЦԴӺθԺأְֺ͹͸׼С꣬һЩţⲻΪСĻǴѧԺϻŽû¾͹

ͷ漴ȥѡҪĶ֣СڣҪеĶҲŶ
ԣԣ
ͷ·ڵϣЦŵѾͷȥѡɣ⼸һҪȫߣ
̫ˣллС㣬Ŷ֣磡
ĵĲУļŮͬ£㻯ֵСȥ˿Ĳһݸ
磬ǱרŵϢǹȥİɣ֣ε
ã
ܿ죬˱Ϣڣ˶ˮ֣ʵ磬λҲΪ˳СĻ£
ţ
쵹ҲûĵͷҺͳѣô᲻
ǣǣ
֣ףʱȴü˵磬ʵЩ֣Ǵû˵СʲôйȻǰѲ˶һ£
˵Ĳ
֣κҲͷǰҲ뷨ƲԸĻǡ
˵û˵ȥ˫˸ŵľâȴ˵һУ֣κʱЩȣһۺ˱ԥĵ磬ʲôҪþܷԸ¶֣ҺңҲϧ


1105 ʢ£Ĵʥ
ϲô˼ҽضиķչ
д˳ҵĽ
ϲϲ
ݳǳſڣʱνŵƽʣ·أΪҼĳ⾹ȻҲԵſӭӣòǰ˴صһǱʾֿĹ֮⡣
ֳֻֿرȴżɻ
ΪСνʵ̫ͻȻһЩû˵ʲôδ򣬽ʲô֮ģǸǺȻӿðƵģݳڼĿ֮١
Ҳǣһ֮ţɺȻ侹ǽǰ˰֮࣬Һ޲̽Ƽ޳ȥƵģ
Ȼҵɻȴ޷ǵ飬˵ǶԳҵĹ
Ϊݵ֮žԵĵλԪ½Ҳǰеļ
λСĴ飬ȻȻҲΪһΪش飬ֵ˲֪˲߼Ҳǰأ˵Ѿһʢ£
ڳҵǰԺУǱϲĺɫ񲼽Ժǽ׺ÿױһɫĵɫ̺ǽǰԺȫȥһЦݣڱϿģ
ϲԺѾԲͬĴԲݶǵּҺͶżңּҼ𣬶żҼԹ⻹вϳǵķҼ츴ǵ֣Ҽ֣£ҼǵĿ׼Ҽ׶ĪҼĪȵȡ
ѧϰԼܣ֣ΣȵȸԴӼѧԺǱ߻ΪľǲμӳƵλǸǲ˵˴γƵĻѾ˲ݣԪ½ϳ˳ɵͼ
˵ÿĴŲٵ˵һĻڳҵǶĿԼ˶ˡ

һ˴ӿ͵ڳûע˳ǰܿ˳ſڡ
ͷܶٵĶǰμӽճƻģЩԵ͵ȴֻվ棬һմ֣մմϲȴܹҿУڳҵҲҪúܶ࣡
ְ֣ǲȥ𣿡ļϣʵ
ȥôȥ
ǺһЦɾֿǰˣſվŵĳǰ
ֶҲˣ
ɲǣЩ΢漴ٵЦ죬룡
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ճ԰ţʥȻҪȥģܲǺԺеЩһ˵һǾǶʥߵĲҲʥǿߣЩϵĹҪġ

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ҪסɿЦɫȻǿûʲôʾ
ʱŷԼ˶˹Ⱥк̬ȸΧ˿Ŀ࣬һ֡
˿̵ɫЩӣԭվһҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣʺٴδ˽


1106 ʥ
ԪݰʥԪǰ
켫ʥ߻ǰ
ʥǰ
ʺ𣬳ʱŷ˵һǸ̿첽ȥ
ʱԪİ飬켫ԼϧЦĻ룬˷λʥϧ֮˶ǳѾõߴʥߴʥߵгǸ춼ûһ棬صľʥ֮⣬˵ʥ߶ѾȫԺ˷ܲѡ
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Сӣ˵˭ǺӣϧԲ
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ûڶ͵͵ŤŤöʱæʲô޹ص޹ģ
ҪȥĶ
ʱȴǺȻȥüżʵ
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1107 Ů裡
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ɫһ䣬û˵ʲôȴڳ˵Եλ˼ջʹȡΪҡŮ裡


1108 ұΪ˸
Ů裡
ƴһڳһƬȻ
СûɣѵǸСѾͷ裿
ɣղŻûʼ֮ǰҺǸСѾͷǸСΪְֵģѵСӺͳСһԣ
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ףǾ仰ЩĲŮŮ˵䵽˺棬ȷ·˵һ޷粵ʵ

Աߣղűһ仰סѦ׷ˣǺɱĶ죬ŭһֱӴӺ泯ֱɱȥСӣҵŮˣҪ
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·һĻĿ񽣺˺ԥֱӵ
ءһһѦֱɳʮ׿⣬ȫһ㷴֮ûС
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׹ɲǣһŭʮ׿Ȼ˵Ŀ볯Դ֮˹ȥ


1109 Ѫ֮Ѫ֮ģϣ
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ѵǾǳС˵Ѫµˣ
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1110 Ѫ֮Ѫ֮ģ£
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1111 үӵĶʦϵ
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ĪˮĻ˵ĿУ춸ȻһԼͷȻʦ˵ƵʥƷҩڤԪɣ


1112 ͻƣؿ⣡
ʥƷڤԪ
Ļ˵ĿˢˢĪˮϡ
ȻܹʥƷҩ
Ǻε𺳵Ϣ
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æһװڤԪƿ˳
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Ϊ˱ʾҵĸлڳүӵһºͳλڳҵؿ⵱УѡҪĶ޼ֻ࣬Ҫ쿴ϵģ½ؿȫҲں
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ǵһˣ䱾ĲʾȻ춼ֲһܹվϸϸȴԵôͨ񹤶ܴײ
ĳС̯ϣ¾Իᱻ˵ûҪС
ô
˹Ц㲻ң㿴ɣ
ˣҲܰһˣ
ʼ磬ֽҪ봢ָȵ鷢ˣζǵȻŲȥһε谭˺üζûܳɹ


1113 ĸ
ӳؿȥ֮һʱҵ˳үӺͳˣһ¹Ǹ飬ǾȻһ֪֪Ǽҵؿлһ
ѵүүͲǷŽȥģʵ
ûӡ󣡡
˾ҡͷҲֻʱŲָҲû취
ǳǳ⣬ȥһؿ⾹Ȼֻóôһ񣬶ЩЦãòϣڶ˼ֶ
κһ˶ӵġ
̰ĵ˹²ؿնĲݣǳѡ˺ЩȻ̫󣬿ȴҲǷƷλ̾Ǽ޳ȥŮóȥˮ⻹ûм޸أôżİȥˡ
ȻⷬﲻϷԶѡ
˵ģóǿʥƷڤԪ˳үһҳү˶ʱͻƵʥأ˵Ͼүӿǳҵֻ֧гүܹţʵԽǿԳҾ͸
гүһʥ֮˵Ĵڣ˵Ԫ½ˣҲԻò
ˣүӣʦͻƲأʵ
ƲֵȻǳƵʦ켫ʥ߻켫ˡ
ŶˣǸˣ
үЦŵѾ뿪ˣ˵ǻȥˮɽȻʦҲȥˣҪߵʱȥ
ţ֪ˣ
ЦŵͷʦտҲõġ
СѾͷˮɽϼֱСһĴڣܷκΣա

ʱ˼Ҵҵ˽̫үжԷ˵ӵĸĸ
ϵ裿
һæ룡ˣȥӭӣ
Ҳȥ
ͳƶһЦæڳ󣬳Ҵſȥ
ʱ˿첽ſڣøĸ׶ľزЦӯӯĴųΧһ־ٰüܰо
ϵ裡
첽ǰ˳ǰ棬ֱӺľӵһ¡
Ҹһ£
ܿһмˣĸͳⶼ໥һ顣
໥䣬ȻһѣڳԴ£ȥ˺ԺЪ
ͳ֮Ĺϵ˫ȻˣҲûʲô̫Ŀס
ȻʮûҲŹҳȻ㲻İ
ţүҲԳʾµ⣬ľҲòıʾǶԳүӵ𾴣Եһźг˿ûκν١
ˣϵ裬ôȻˣʵ
ܲ𣿡
ʻľضһۣЦҷѾˣСָΪһϱŵܲ
৵һ£ŶľصĻߵĳͨ죬ɬ˼㡣
ٺ١ƶôܲɣһЦֵĵ
СӣԺҪƶһЩ
ľسһۣųƵС֣ƶԺСӸ۸Ļͺ˵ôʰ
š
ƵͷӬӦţ͸˵ƻƵģɬġ
õһŮôͿСأľظ̾
˻һʱͷߣҿӣ㾹Ȼô˵ңû
ôУľüһ
СУ
ӣһҺίģŪôһﶼЦѣεļŮҲǿŲЦⱻ˵ʧ
˫Ҳһμҳˡ
ľصݣһٵĶ֪һЩӵʵʥͳһԵʣүֻƽƣⷽ˵ǳռһıˡ
ͳƵѾôˡ
ûκλûоʲôʽǶںںֻһֿ֣ܰİ

ҺҵĹϱúģǸȥ˯ȥɣ
ҹľ˦һ仰󣬱źĳԹԵ߽䣬վ츸˿Цá
仹жģӲõĻἷһŴϡ
˯ɣ
ҡҡͷѡһ䣬Ҳˣ˽Գˡ
ĳУľųƵڴߣµĴųǿεݣǴƵļԼīϵ̾óƸɬ
ƶľغĳ
ӦһһĨɻ
ľؼЦŵȻǵһμ棬ȴУǱ͸ӵĹϵƵģָо𣿡
еģ
ҧҧͷҲ嶼У
ǺǡעһԣעҵϱľЦ
š
ƵӦŵú
ȴԳɻΪǶľأλ̫ˣ˵һģһֻʷҪԲһЩ
ĵ׿ȷ˵֮ȷкĹϵ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪǸˣϱӵǸˣ
ˣƶ
ľֺȻڵ֪߻ǵİɣ
ţ֪ģ
ͷľؽʵί𣿡
ί
̧ͷֱŶľأĿԵúϣص簢֮ǰ˵Һע˵Ե֣һһ£
Ǻǡܹӵ㣬ĸ
ľ򴽣΢Цףǣ
лл̣
¶ޱȲõЦݡ
Ȼĵкܶɻ󣬵˵ȴǾûţȫʱѵǰУĻԪ½УҲֻԼЩʲô
Щʱƶ룬ǲΪ˱תֻصĸҲϧһж֮תֻϧֻǳƵҲ²⣬¾˵ȥҲֻᱻ˵ںϾδܹǰ飬˵ǳƲ²ôˡ
ˣʱ䲻ˣ˯ɣ
ţ
ܿڴϣʱľرѾ磬ȴЩշת࣬ǳǼһĻĻǰļ仭桭
죬Ƶ¶˼ΪܰЦݡ
죬ҵˣһǲٷֿҶһ𣬲κѣҰƲٺֿˣ
ҵĹŮǿˣԺһúչ۰ģ
ֻǡ̺壬ôѵת֮壿
ţƲ֪ʱ˯˹ȥǶʮξУ֮ǰӵó޷԰Σ˵Ҹ


1114 ѦĿģ
һҹȥڶϣԹͬһӳһ緹ȥҽ񣬱ϾΪѦԵʣóʧ˲٣Ҽʱ˳ȥҲڲʲô̫Σ
ţүүǣϵ趼һ𣿡
ų˵΢΢㶡
߰ɣүү϶Ҫ˵
ЦЦŷԸȥرүӣǼ̱ȥ
ܿ죬үסԺ䡣
үүʲôҪ飬ųԹ緹ǹˣԺ俴ֻгүһڣƱֱʵ
˵ɣ
үЦЦôҶº˼ҵݺȻһ࣬ƶȻҲ֪ϵ׷ʲô仯϶Ǻõķ棬үүҲͲˣϣҲˣʼնǳҵˣҲͬҵϱ
үүģƶףصͷ
ǹΪ˸˵һ˵ǸѦ飡ү˵
Ѧ
һʵǼһﲻѾôѵлʲô⣿
ˣֱڶŪѦѪ֯ΪʲôҪǳңϧô˲ֶܵΣүӽӿڵ
ţ
ԺĿҲüΪɻ
ȷŪЩĻһѦ˭ұ֤еڶðѪص̫ˣһѦܶʲôӰ죿
үү˼ǣʵ
ϣлֱ˵
Ҳֻ֮ҪǷܹģǶȻ岻ݴǣˣǶһˣ
Ǻǡãһˣһˣ
ĻүչֳһĨЦݣ漴Ŀ⳯ȥĵƶүү㸸˵ʱϵΣѵͲ˵Щʲô𣿡
ң
һ㶣֮ǿЦүүҪ˵ʲô
ʱҲ˳֮ǰѦ˵Ǿ仰ҵĹȥйأ
Ѧ֮ô࣬ҵĹȥйأ
ʱѦ仰üΪ˸Ȼǳ˵׼ˣ
ֻǣȥִʲôΪʲôүӻҪȥʳƣѵ֪ıȳүӻҪࣿ
ʱ죬ľǵĿⶼ˳ϣԵüΪ桭
ļ壡
һԵ֪֮ԻԪ½ؼйأһүүҲİɣ
ţ
үӵͷǳҵ伮صģÿһεĳҼֻ֪ǳǴӺδ֪
ϹʱڣȻǿ޷۷ȣȴҲеƫϣҲʮֲÿһ֮˶ԳԺڰٶǰĺȻһ죬дһϢо֮ӵд˱ڶʱͻʥѰҵһܣ
Ժ󣬳ұʸ֮ģ˶ųңΪڵԵʣؼȴ֮ǰˣ
з˻Ԫ½ȻûΪĳԭؼҲδ׷ɱǳҵԴϢ˲֮ĳƺţ
ؼڳڵѰ飬˵ڵߣʼնûҵνľ֮
գؼʧˣǸҲ֪ĺȻȫʧʱ˲֪ԼˣˣԲֻǴԣûһŶȣ
˵ƺ̧˫һƽĳүӣ˶ٺ޷粻ˣүү˵԰ɣ
˵ȥүûлشԵ
ţ
ףϹʱֱ֯ΪƣѪԼ쫷磡类շƣѪǼ˵а֯ѹ伣ȴûгʧȻҲǶǳνľ֮Ҳ֮ǰ˵ҹȥйء˼
ƶ㾹Ȼ֪ô࣡ǳ˺ƺѪ֮⣬쫷أүʵ
쫷һмɰɣа֮ƺѪ¸ӵأ˵쫷ϲƾϲ£»˲٣˵嵽ΪƻΪ񣡡
ҧҧӷ·𲻾ӹȴ֪һ˵쫷ΪƷ֯ںƱշ֮󣬱ķԸȴʵʱ֣
Ϊǳνľ֮Ǽ٣үʵ
٣
ģĻӦүӽһȴߵ˸ɻ
ƶûүүʧ
үӺȻЦԴգڼ̥֮ʱүү֪㶨ȻһףԲǧټƵʦ켫ʥߣڿ治
Ǻǡллүү佱ǫЦЦĿӹ죬޷εİ
ˣ˵ɣ
үӵ˵ͷԼˣҲˣǳҵȷбȴûеô棬һĽڣˣ
ڣ
˾һ㶡
⽣ڣʵǳҵĴ֮أÿһμҪȥ⣬ͬʱշһΪã
үӼʵǳҵ˲֪ĻΪжأȥȴҲ޷۷ĴᲢۣ
ڣʲô𣿡ʵ
У
үף˵ǳҵ伮أܹڣĽȫ򣬵ȷǿԽΣȻҲҪӦʵΪǰᣡ
ޡ
ʼ磬ûʲô̫ı֡
˶ٺʵүүеĴ֮ô£
ǵȷģ
үӻصֻ˴֮ܹ뽣ڣһ㣬ҲսĹؼϧǳҿûǸԵˣ
ô֮ﵽʲôʵ
֪ڳûһ֪
үӻشúܸɴֵֻ࣬˵һӣпռ֮ҲΪô֮뵽ڣһ㣡ʲôҲû
֪ΪΣȻԼڱźĹУѾͷ͸ǸȭͷСʯͷһĽ
룬ȴûκα¶ǾȳһҪúõоһϾõĶԲ̫ͨ

ģүӿ죬ɫȻĻȻƶѡ㣬ҲǳҵˣүүмҪ㣡
үү˵Ӧ
ΣһҪҴȥ
үɫд˵ˣҵĴտ϶ҲҪƶϣ
үү̫˰ɣЦ
үүӦˣ
Ա˵ģҵĴвϵ
áã̫ˣ
үЦЦгοԺ䶼ˬʵЦΧٵĳ֮˷׷ײĿΨǿЦã֪㲻ǸѼϼأ


1115 ʦûգٻض
ˮɽûκα仯Դûκηֱ
һʱȻϰŨµĿ鲻Խһĸ׶ľؾˡ
Ǹǵɴ˫ۣˮɽκεطҪ࣬ȫŻԪ½ϻĵص㣬εľɫ
ٺ١ʶ˰ɣ
ѿ죬ǵļЦүԺЩȵ黹кܶ࣡ٺ٣
˰ͣ
ƲƲ죬һӵ
ʱͿദʮǢȻû޻̸ĵزҲƵǺˡ
ദȴҲκε裬ǵ̸бɿһ
ˣ˵Ӱ㵽ǲǻûŮˣ񽣴յߣЦĵ

ǳ񽣵һۣ˵ˣѾĲٽӣ֪Ȼ㣡
֪ˣӣ
񽣺ٺӦᰳҲҪȻȥɽһܣ
ʹ˭˭
ǺߺһȻʵϱȿǿһЩĻ˻ʤһأϾ񽣵ѪټϡⷽѾռ˲ٵƣ
ô˵̶֮ʱ飬һǿôģ
ү
ߵɽ÷ͰŮ
ӼүˣŮĳͶľǷ
ض񣡡
ļ̧֣̌ЦŵղԽƯˣ
л˿佱
÷ЦĵүѾ֪λǰӭӣүˣү룡
ǺǣѾͷôڻô񣿡
ٺЦˣˣ˰УԼȥˣ񽣣Ůߣ
ٺ١ǣү
һЦʱߵ÷ͰŮм䣬ǽ߲ѵɫУٵĳһȥֳֵӣȻȥ㣡
ȥȥɣɫѵļһ
ƲƲ죬ǿֳͶľǸһЦԹԵ§Ů뿪ϾҲܾûˣ˼֮رһҵĸɲһûܹģ
ɽۣŸĸͳƣټǱֱŽԺӣͷϹԶʦĪˮԼʦＧõǵȺ򣬼ǵĵЦӭӣȻӭӵͶľأֻһ˵ĻڼĵһۣϹԶֱӶˡ
ְ֣衭
СѾͷŵŵŵĴӺ淿˳鳲һͶƵĻһ
үү̡
ܿ죬СѾͷͶľغҲĽţģֱɰ˼㡣
СѾͷǽĪˮΪ̵ģԴ˶ľغĪˮˡʦ̡ͷϹԶҲȻΪʦүүֶˣ
գϲ裡
һº󣬼õ溰
ˣ
һӰȲ˳ǰʦõΪʦõĻҴС㻨ա
ԴֱԺ⻹״μԼʦã˲ɵǰһ
ڳʶ֮ʱȻ󣬴˿̵Ļտȥƽ˺ܶ࣬Ǹ漧õܹʶؿԼȻҲ˾޴
ڵĻգѾ۷ʵͻǰҲһ֮ң
ٶȣҲȷ΢Ծһ£ϾǰĻտһûŮܹ˿ٵͻƺҲ֤һʵʦһֺʵĹǶôҪȻЩʵȻҲǹû֮ܶһ仰հʦǰݶˣ
ʦ֣Ȳ裡ս豭ݵǰЩ΢죬ҲԵĸм֮ɫ
û죬ûĽգڻѾĥˡ
лл
Цŵͷӹ豭ЦĵʦһпɺãʲôҪĻǧҪǿ˵һˣ
лʦֹģСúܺã
յӦ漴ɵվ˼õࡣ
Сӣ˼˵Ҷղˣõûĳ۵
ĶҰ
ʱίѣһݸ
ֺ֣صĽһ³ƣҲ󷽵ڳλȻŮ˵ݣ
ֻǣϹԶ˫ͫ¶ۼһ£ƺʲô˿֪

ļʱ䣬첢ûˮɽ˲ȥ˺ܶطѧԺϺԼЩֵܣоԪ½طȻҲǴųһҪȫ綼֪ŮˣŮˣ
Ϊĸɶ˾飬첢δ߾ô֮ȥǱߵŮǻʲô⣬ϾѪ¿ɲöԸҪʲô飬Ǻڶˡ
˵ǣĸ׶ľضһͬȥ
ҪȥڣүүԨĳϵݣԼһݣӦòʲô˵ĸȥֹ£ǶľŮ
ڶľȻǷ򳪸棬ľһ򲻻κεķԣνĸľ֣
գ˵ĲУͨص
֮߳ͶľرǷֿˣҪĿĵңҪȥŮԼ˻ϣϣȥܹ֮õĺϢ
ȻҲףֻһܹҲЩϣĲǣ
ؼҺˮڶеǿѰң޷ҵ׼ȷϢֻ˵Ѫµ˵ȷ̫չˣĸųƺĸŮͿ񽣣һͬ˲ƶȥ;вûϢԺܿıص˶½ˮɽˮС
֪飬ԼŮ˳Ѿͷȴǰ棬컳ֹ֮ԹԵĸŮ˵طСȥһߴߴ˵ֳͣӲ˼
ȻûκεԵϵദȴ׽øҪ׽࣬ͬһ㣬ķ涼չˣȻҲǷǳԸġ
ſ˻ŮģȻȴû뵽Ůܵǰͬʱƹһ˵ͣʱͷߣǿŮϳԼָָ㣬˵ĳͨʱǿЦ֡
񽣺ں濴ֱ죬ͲûֱӹЦˡ
ңܿˮҼˮĪ޺ͶˮҹΣˮҹһòĵĳƺ󣬳˴ĴָЦֶȻñ£Щ˶໨ֶĽɣ
ٺ١˵Цˣ
ڨЦͷʵˣˮأ᲻ɣ
ȥˮˣôûˮҹص
ûֱ˲ƽɽģûˮͣ
ֲأ
ˮҹͷЦĵˣǽȥ˵ɣò˶þͻкϢŶ
˵⻰ʱˮҹԵģ۾һ˵ĺϢֻ
ѵ˵Ϣˣ


1116 Ϣȷعаɷţ
ƵĵܵŮļӭɾͲˣһˮѶڰкݺü£ֱʹš
Ůͬȥʱ򣬾Ѿ׼˰ü֮⣬ǲûбֳʲôԳƵĵ⣬һȷ˲١
һ˺ܿȥˮ£ˮĪ޺ˮҹУҶûʲô裬ˮҽ˴Щͽ˵ˮҵĶˣˮҵУû˲ʶǣ
ŮǺܿһЩˮ㣬һڲʵˮ̣֪ʲôʱ̣ղ˵ĺϢʲô
ʵЩȲʲô飬ȥ˾޹ǽ
İɣһǺϢ
ˮҹٴصһЦصʲôʱӦÿˣȥˮʱҲˣ

ЩЦãһģٴһݸ
ʱУŮųƵһԼ˵Ļ첻͵ֻƵһֱǺͮͮģɬ֣ѾͷҲŮȥЦͼûмٹ
Ů֮ĹϵˮĪˮҼЦų˴Ĵָչֳһ˼Цݡ
ˮҹһˮĪ޶һ񣬵ôĽ𣿡
У
ˮĪڨڨһЦˮҹ񲻽ƲƲ졣
һˣ
Ȼûȶãˮ˽ЦݵĴ첽롣
ȻˮӦѾˮõϢ֮ûκγԾڳˮĪ޺ˮҹ󣬱ֱӴյǱߣųƵЦ˵ͣ
ڲݵʱˮͳƱˣȻû̫ȴʹǰһе˭ʼԵޱºͣ˵˲һõͬ׽һ㡣
Ȼ˭ʵﶼףһֻ˵ΪмŦǼŮҲ׽̬ȡ
˵˵𣿡
ЦõǰڼŮİУڨڨһЦɫȻĳˮˮ㣬ǲʲôϢ
ô֪ǺϢˮʵ
ٺ١ˣ
Цˮ㣬ͱˣ˵ɣʲô
ðɺðɣߺߣһһлûУô˼ңֵܵܵ𣿡
ˮûĳƲƲ죬漴ԵȷһϢ˲֪̽пǸɶӱתƵ˱򣡡
ȥ˱򣿡
һɣ˵ڶʲôط𣿡
ѵͲ׼˼һͬı
ˮˮѾȥˣͬΪѪµҲףˮǲٱǿƣȻǸȻ뿪˵ѪʹԸĻӦѪʹתߵģ㲻ڵʱ䣬ˮҺؼ֣ѾΧһ׶죬һҲЩѪµ޴ҲתƵԭ򣡡
ؼҡ
ˮἰ֣ƵӲһݣһʱ֮䲢δ˵ʲôѡ֪ؼҵķطֵܹ֮ϵΪŮˣƲϣ
ȷȥ𣿡ʵ
ųɰգˮҲɫӦ
ǿǲ߶ˣ
˫΢УãҲŻȥһˣҲһᣡ
Ҫˣ
ˮһĵЩᡣ
ţ
ͷҪģ֪ѪµҪʲôһӱһӵΣգ
ǡðɣ
ˮȴͬҪԣҲûж˵ʲô
Ҫһȥɣ£Ҳöһ֣
ˮ˵ĵôģҲֻԼˡ
Ȼˮ֮ʱˮĪ޺ˮҹȴͬĵУȥ
ৡ
һӣĿĵ⣬˵Ŀⶼˢˢϡ
̡
ˮСŮ죬ˮҹæǱᣬǲͬ⣡ڻҪˮҼú
ˮ㣬˵öԣ
˵ͷõģ˵ˣǱҺϤҵаɷžʲôĻֻҪȥˣʲôΣյģ
ðɡ
ˮ򴽣ʱһҪңۣʱҲȥģʱǿɱװʶң
Ǻǡ
ˮĻһݸ漴ˮֺܿ콫ʱ鵽˵˳ȥǱ֮ĵ׺иټһЩ޹ؽҪĶ
ҹǼŮⰲУͳƽͬһ䷿
ɬ֣һϵĺξûмٹڵʱָֺܿһЩԺЩǰļ䣬еİ޷޲һҲֿ

˵ʯ磬ⶼôʱˣôһϢûУ
ǰôˣҲûӣĺܲϰߣ
̻ɽɽۣаɷаɷɽׯУΪаɷŹµĳ¾Σȴһơ
˵Ļʯ൱ЦЦԵȻڣҲÿһʱǴŵȵݲһﻹǰһһ𣿡
ǰ˵Ҳ˷ܣ
󻤷ǧЦŵ֮ǰ˭뵽Ȼҵˣһ۷ϵܲȻڣڱĸҲаɷһӣǱеİľ岻ҲǾ˹𣿡
ˣ˵ҵˣľйأǲģԱߣаɷһʵ
Ҳ˵ˣûõ֤ʵ
Ǿǣûк˵
Χаɷŵĸ߲Ա뽫ĿʯϣһֱôǵĽҲˡ
ȻĽ̵Ҳ򵥡˭ĪɽĪүӵĸŮأ
ðɣҲ˵ǲܰˣ
Ǽ˫ƻĿУƿʯ࣬ջֻܿЦŵͷѵϢֻǼ֪ǧ⴫¾ڵĵҲˣ֪ôȻٺ١
İɣڶĹԲᴫȥģ
ҲֻǺˣ
ǴҶԼˣô⴫
˷׷ױ̬ʯһЦǿɱᣬû˵ŴңֻԷԸģҲΥٺ١
ʲôҷԸʲô⴫ʯ磬˵
ʯ໰˲䣬ϤļӰ룬Ϥڵ˶׷׼վǼӰȥ
һ˵ȣ


1117 ݷãƷйŹ֣

˵ɲǣڳ˶֣һٵܵǰǸһֱĽҲˡ
λֻۣˣ
Цѣһ϶¶ޱȲõЦݡ
òϣǴңаɷŵĹǡ
Ȼ첻ڵʱ䣬аɷŵķչɺѸ٣ǶʼոоһʲôĹýеʧȴ㡭
λˣ
ǰֱʹһһһӵһ£ĽҲ⡣
ֽԼ˽һ飬һ׷׼໥Եޱû̫İ
Ϊʥ֮ˣҲаɷаһְλ
֮ǰһǧֵܵλȣֵ˽ǵʵ󣬸Ϊ˴󻤷аɷеĵλȸʯ࣡
ЩҲûзԣ
ǵǲûɵģټ֮һ˲ɣ˲ãǳΪаɷŴ󻤷˰ţҲΪǡġ
֮⣬ǳˡ
飬Լλ֮˵λˡҲ˶޸ޱȵĽֻûǽŮˡ
֮ܶһ仰Ϊ˵Ĺаɷ½뵽˿һ㣬ڵǸǷ׷ױʾǶ磬ò¼ɻ֣
Щ˵Уһޱǿˡ
һЩǱ˻⣬һĳǹǿڲ֪ĳߣ
֪ʱĿٷչаɷųΪû֮һ
ڶľչ£κԲǣڵı򣬲ٵ˶ܹаɷΪ٣ֻΪĿ鵲ţܹȴʮһ
ûܹаɷڿ̣

ѩɽׯׯǰݷã
תۣصаɷѾգյʮ֣ʯԹ
ǽɣ
ЦǺǵĵͷû뵽ǵϢͨģҲŻվ֪ˣ
ܿ죬˲룬æǰӭׯ壬ӭҲڵʱ䣬ҪлλаɷŵĹգ
ֶˣ
Цаɷڿɲܹģ˵գаɷŶȲǣ
˵Ĳ
Ҳ֮ϲаɷ죬ϣԺǶչˣ
λˣȲ裡
ЦЦȲ裬ֱݵУЦż֪λ˴ݰ٣ʲô飿ȥݷλģ£
ֶˣ
˵ǶԼˣҲôˣֶһ㷢һϢ˵ҪѰһСкд£
У
ͷĵһʯаɷŵ巢ȥģľñΪ֮ѪµΣԼӴҵĿܣ
ҺׯҲˣҲͬʱæѰңȻпֻǱˮнҲǵһ⣡ֶҪǣ˵
ʵ̫ˣ
ԵЦŵׯܹæҵҽ⣿
һϢǱֶ֪ͨ㣡
õģ
ͷ鷳λˣ
˶٣ֵˣ壬֪С껺ͷƶôӦѾ˰ɣôҲû˵һ
ǻãֻ˵ʲôᣬż飡Ҳû취ϾǶˣԼ뷨
ЦҲˣΪ˲ŵֶ㣬ʯ棡
ôԣ
˺󣬼æʯ磬ȥС껺ͷƶӽɲǣ
õģ
վʯԣ̿ٵȥƷ˽
δҲӵһ£ֳƷЦЦ˶һ¡
˵С껰˵㻹׼ͷƶӽ飿
ϷһЦĪʲôСˣ
硭°ɣ
Ļ껶ʱɥĶҰң
ǲңǲأ
ƷҲǹüһȥҿ뷨ɣߺߣабȥСˣҰ
ƶ
껸ˣģֱί˼㣬Ͳûۿֱӿ޳
һģǶôĺЦ
ɲǼ䣬ڳ˶Ц˳
˺ˣҺ㿪Цģ
Ц֮ڰ֣˵СǾԲԲƶӵ飡ˣƶӣСôңҰ
лл磡
Ʒ̵л漴ûĳ׳һۣȴ޷εİ⡣
ȻСڵĹϵһֱܺúܶ
ЩһϷ԰ˡ
Ҫ飬һҪ֪ͨңʱҸ׼һݴ񣡡Ц
л磡
˳ͷһл
磬˵ƶˣ
ʱԺ⴫Ů룬һķ羰ߡ
㣬Ѷ㣬㣡
ƷʱЦ˹ȥųƺȴ΢΢һЦλǡ
гƣƶˣ
Цŵʲôϵĳ˾֪ˣ
Ŷ
ƷһЦһڨЦе죬ųǷǷƶƶ㣡
ƶúƯ
ҲЦŻӦԴӳŮ˺Ը࣬˿ûֳҶСİ
磬ĺø
껳˴Ĵָ޵ƶɩӺλɩһƯôѵͲ³Ϊ˵Ĺ𣿡
ƶ
ƳһеС˵Ҫһã
ûûУûУ
껶ʱɫ䣬æŤͷƷ˵
ߣң
ƷƽһŮ˵껴ʱֿɥ簡ҪҰ
ôôأ
ƲƲ죬ϷʵҪȥȰȰƶͬ뷨
ʲô뷨ҵֻзƶһˣؿɼ
껼æɫ˵Ͳûָ䷢ˡ
Ʒ⻰ںŮ˵ǲ΢΢Ȼȴ˲ܵ˫ĿԼϣɵӡ
ˣղŹȥϷˣ껣һʱŮڣĪǽҪؿչ롯
ңܿⷽĻȥԽƽܸˣһ̾佱ĳһ졣
ΪŮĵո˲١
Ȼĳʱ㣬Ȼۼע⵽ƷһŵĹ죬ԼԲῴ¶Ҫۻˡ
ѵƶйŹ֣
֪ΪΣкȻһͷҵ޷


1118 ̽ľˣ
첻ԸԼģģôƷһ⣡
ŹƷƵһϣԴҳκβԾĵطһжʾƷһ͵ľĸڸźܸߵ¶ֻ껵Ůÿһȵ˶ٷ˶Դ
շƷڵбҲʮղɿһŵĹ죬һȥ룡
ֶǾǹݷһ£ҲͲˣ
˵ڻкܶҪʹ˸ǣˣϢĻһ֪ͨģ
æҲðѷ߰ɣ
ˣ´ΰɣ´ȥǶֶҵգЦ˵
⡭Ǻðɣ壡
˵ŵʱҲ֮˵Ҳˣ
ׯôҲҪߣ
ЦãĪаɷʲôǲɣ
ȷҪ
˵ţЩԥ죬ʲôûʳ㲻Ҫʱ뿪
գҲֻܺεԽ±̻ɽȥ껺ƷƣѰһڽȻһȷɣҪȴҪŪƷƵʲô֮
콫껿ԼֵܣȻԸ⿴һŶʱըŶʱըһֱΪϲΪŵƷƣ
ȻҲԼˣ֮һĿܣһҪȥٷְٵ׼Բĳֲõ鷢
ˣһ˱»صԺ¡
Ʒƶ̶ʱڱѾͳദ֮ãע⵽˵Цݣһθо˲
ȻЦݿȥĵȷȷʮֵϣ֮ǰһŵĹ۲죬ĵȴԽ
һܹεĵزô˸ûǶôĿ£
˼һ˵С껰㲻һֱҪһ𣿡
ȷֹһεĳʾ뷨춼ûͬ⣬Ͼƽȷ̫һЩ
Ļ껵ǼӦ磬Ӧˣ
㶼ҸˣܲӦô
ǺһЦ껵ļһ࣬Ҳұ֤ж೤ʱȥ㣬Ҫ׼ܹѧ٣ͿԼˣҿ㱣֤ĻҲᰲ˽㣬ô
̫ˣֱ̫ˣлл磡
֮࣬ǰĴӵѰĻ¸ղֱֶѪˡ
ˣҿˣ
ѿȥɴ˷ܵе껣ЦΪ㣬Ժһʱ߰ɣƶô죿ǱߵĻ
ƶ϶һ°ٺ١磬һǽ̣Ҳһ𣿾÷ƶ£Ҳ𣿡
ĵЦڸǱߣõģҪ֪ǸŸһĻԻٷְٵͬ⣡
ðɣСˣ
ε˫һ̯Ӧ
˷ܲѣܵƷߣ˵һ飬ƷҲǾ֮չֳǰδеĿģŤͷһۣͷϿɺЦݸӲˡ
Ȼȴǵڶע⵽ƷƵЦݿƺϣʵȴЩ٣Ȼ˵ԭ򣬿ԼĸоͨҲͬһ㡭
ҵĸоȷûƷƺǰʶЩͬˣ
Ħһ°ͣ˲һˣǺߣĻҲδ̫ˣ
֮껸һǶƷƵһ̽
̽ĽȻƷƵȷЩԾ
ĵǼΪԸģȴ˷ܵģûʲô춼ţ
ֻеԺ˵ˣ
찵˦˦ͷȴǺһںȻ뵽һֿܣƷƵı仯Ѫ£ҪѰҵйذɣ
ǡ
ĵһȴɸЦݣԵС껰Ϊ˷һԺסԱߵǸԺӰɣʯ磬Ȼȥʰһ£ǧܵǵٹ
ǣھͷԸȥ
ʯӦͷ뿪ʰԺȥˡ
磬Ϳʼ𣿡ʯߺʵ
ȻѵΪһܸϢʱ䣿
ûĵˣȻһᰲ˸ͷƶŪһҩԡסжʹҪסȻĻ;Զ㣡
ٺ١磬İɣ
껰ؿĵžž죬һᶨӡ
ˣֻǵʼ磬Ҳûж˵ʲô
ҹԱԺУ껺Ʒ˵ʹ׼ԺΧ˸󷨣ֲʹҪ̻ɽˡ
ң˶
ڶһʱԴǰѵѧԺһֱӳַӡ껺Ʒ˵ĵ̻ɽȦ
̻ɽԼΧаɷŵΧҲõǻʲôΣա

ڰɽ껺Ʒܲʱʯ˹ľʹ
ľʹߣ
һĶ
Ѿȥˣ
ǾȥɣŶˣҿŵǣ
ǣ
ܿ죬ȥ˻ҲʯеĶľʹߡ
ľľͼμ٣
죬ʹ̬߱ȼΪ
ûǶľͼǸΪľ飬սбǿƻܵĶľͼжľ⹫ľƼʱ棬ľͼѾˡ
ԴǴ֮󣬶ľͼЩ𾴣Ҳʵ¡
ľͼĻ֮⣬Ҳͬһ񣬵ʵǿ˶һ𾴵˼ȻҲ⣡Ҳ벻ףľͼһôͳ˶ľʹˣ
ʳʱ򣬶ľͼ¶һĨڨЦ͵٣ʵǼŵģ˼˵ҲܳʱչҲҪݷаɷ֮ұҪˣҲ˳ɣ
ԭˣ
ͷЦʵܶʱҪȱչؿ޸һЩ㾭˾ͻˣߵ֮أ
ǣлָ㣡ľͼ
ˣ⹫ģʵ
ǵģ
ľͼͷ˵Ѿ֪ٵĹҲ˽㷢ȥϢҹ֪ͨһпյĻȥǼҲӵȫЭˣ
֪ˣл⹫ĺ⣡
Цףתֻɣֻ⹫ֱӴҲˣ
ȷһ£ֻǡ
ľͼıֹϵɫҲЩΣ״Цͼ磬Ҳǲʶˣѵ㻹쵱ʲôֱ˵


1119 ̷Ʒƣ
ľͼһǸֱڿˣŤ̬ȷΪ
ʱĻľͼȻһԥĿУҧҧ˵˵һЩɫ֪ɷһţ
һɫô
ЩЦã漴ȴǺɵ˵ͼ磬ڶʥ۷ˣҪʥأɫûðʲô
⣬
ľͼʱͨ죬ΨΨŵŵԵɬ
٣ǡҪģľͼ˵
Ŷ
һܿ췢ֶľͼһĨ飬ȴϷʵǸŮҪİɣĪͼˣ
㣬ô֪
ľͼȵ̧ͷ漴ֵȥһΪ˼ģ
Ŀӣ׳ն֪ˣ
һЦͼ磬δɩʲô˰ϲʶ
ǡҵģľͼص
ҵۡҺͶľعں֮󣬵ȷһĺ°
ǺһЦֱóɫݵľͼǰЦðɣȻͼ㲻˼˵СҲˣŸ㣬Ҹδɩӵ
һž͹ˣ٣⡭
ľͼЩ˼Ҳ֪ģ½ɫҲһܹã
ɴˣҲԿľͼһ̰֮ˣһֱڿĺսӰˣʱ鷽棬ȴҪѰ˶΢һЩ
ɷϣ˵ȷֵ
ˣˣ
һѽľͼУЦͼҪںҿСҿɾ˹Ҫò˼ĻǾ͵ԺʱҼδɩӾǣҲ뿴δɩӵʲôȻܹͼˣ
Ǻðɣллˣ
ľͼҲûٶ˵ʲôܿ콫ɫպãȭʱ䲻ˣҲҪ뿪ˣԺȥأҪȥң
ãˣ
ҲûľͼӦǺԼ˵ģܲȥ˼ҵĺ°ɣ
˵׼ζľͼҲ˵һԼᣡ
ǣ
ľͼٴγ칰˹֣ǿ첽ĳɽȥϡԾɿԿľͼǻЩεȻҲ̺Ųٵļ


ҹĻ𽥽٣ΪΧˣŮСѾͷŪտʯ˹ķԸٺͷƶСѾˣ
ûʲôԾɣһʵ
һ
ʯɻǡ
˵˵
̾һе⴮һȦ˫΢еĵȥ˰мӣƷƣ
ѾȥˣʯӦ
ǺǡǾͺãʯ簡һԵɣҲŪô࣡Ц
ã¾Ͳˣ
ʯҲֱӴǰ𼸸ѾŪõĿԹԵĳ
УǼˣ
ҹĻ٣յտȫˣ֮רΪ׼࿾õļȣǷڸԵĴָУҲǵƽյʳɣ
ʳ붼ûģ
ҹ̻ɽϣѲߵ֮⣬ҲֻʱʱĳһжԵôž
ڳƵҪ£ҹģ
һ֮컳УСϻȦԳ֮ƽʱޱȽģҲ˼Ϣ
磬£֮ʵ
ˣ
ǺһЦǹڷƶ𣿡
Ҿ˵ҵ˽ҵģǲǾѾһЩˣЦ
ţ
ͷȻƶ˵ԼֺǰȫһܾƺһЩ
Ůˣ
ٺһЦһ˫ֲߣ鱾ѾƽһЩĺٴαü٣һ˫иŨŨĴ⡣
˺ˣ˼Ҳ
ûĽĿֵĵ˵¶أˣ
˵ֲʲô
컵ЦɣֱӶһۣҲûֹİ˵֣һ飬һ߼ҵƶʲô⣬ǲǻΣգ
İɣѾ˰мˣҲʱעģֻҪ
˵ţȴߵһ٣ǻһĨаЦû뵽¶ˣ飬Ϣȥȥͻأ
һ㣡
ͷҲûж˵ʲô
İɣ˵ĵ̣
գۼ䴩·鴽һº󣬱ֱ˲뿪ˡ
ˣ
һ䣬ǵȷΪ˶̫۵ԵʣǲʱѾ˯ȥСһ΢ЩޱȵջУ

ôᱻ
̻ɽµĳУһɫ£Ժڽüʵ
ǰŵһŮˣ鶼òԾƷơ
ƽСŮˣʱƷȴɫ䣬ȫκԣֱǱһˡ
ʹߴ˵ĻΪ껷ҪһΪ˲ݾߣҲò£ƷƳص
ˣҲֲ㣡ػɣ˵
ǣлʹߴˣ
ƷվŶǺ˳Ƭ̣ȴ˫˸űɱĵҲδһûᣡټڰؿ𵽼Ч
ʹߴ˵˼ǡ
Ʒɫһ䣬Ǻһۣĵ˼㲻ף
ף¾껲ɱɱһҪĺúõģƷæ
Ŷ
⻰¶˫һĨâ㲻Ҫ߱ϲСӣ֪ݣôԴ㣿
²ҡ
ƷЩңæµ˼˵껻ɱϺʹߴ˸ã
Ŷô˵
üëһƺڴƷ˵˻Ƿϡ
ԭж
Ʒæһʮ£˵Ļһӣ£ƿظȵҲкôȽʱˣǱȡ֮
ڶ콻ãڽɱڱ̻ɽϣҲûﵽЧ
˵ĵǲΪʲôǾãʵﲻɱأ
˫΢еĶƷƣĺâһΣҪݣ껣Ȱ˵İ죡УһȥΣգ
ǣף
շƷƵͷӦŵٴ̧ͷʱǺѾʧˣʱƷų³һͷĴʯڷһ㣬һ»ҫ£ȴԵǰΣô
ˣһһɣ
Ʒҡͷһ䣬Ҫת뿪֮ʱһԱΪʲôӦɱС껣㲻ģ𣿡


1120 ĳ棡
ȻֵĻƷһҪܣһӰȴֱӳǰΧռ˲ƷƱȫ·ӡ
磡
Լǰ죬Ʒһ˲ò԰ֽǿЦ磬ôˣô
仰ɣƶ
΢΢ЦҹƶɲҪ˯ųߵģ
磬㡭ղŶˣ
Ʒе⣬ɫޱѿЦ
˵ûУ𣿡ʵ
ţ
ƷһƽȻ綼֪ˣСҲûʲô˵ˣҪôңһŽ±ǣ

üͷһ壬Ʒ˻Ӧû뵽ġ
Ǻ˵Ҫɱ껣ƷԺǲ̣ҲԲҳڡ
ȻƷƵȷΪ˵ɣ׻˵úã۾ĴԴиоƷƵ仯˵ĻҲᵥˡ
ǣҵȷ
ϵģƷƾȻ죬ֱӵ˵ͷ
ֻǣ˫ȴֳԵĻԼһĨŨŨĺ⡣
֪Ⲣ
һʱ䣬쾹ǲ֪νӿڡ
ƶ
һ̧۵ҵʼʶķƶ𣿡
ǣ
ƷƵͷ򴽵磬ƶѾˣѾǵǸµŮˣ
ΪʲôղǸˣûĻӦѪʹɣʵ
羹Ȼ֪
Ʒƾһ£漴ɫĵûѪʹҲǿҵˣ
㣿
һ˼˵㣬ŻᱳС껣ѽСȣ
ǵģ
ô£
ɫȻһЩ
Ѫ¾Ȼÿ˵ķΪصĵطϾ֪׳ȵƷ֮⣬ж߼֮˱Ѫƣ
Ǵ˿룬δֲ̫һЩ
磬㲻ҪˣҲ˵ģƷƻص֪ҶԲ껸磬ҶԲȣɱҰɣ
ѵôƶʵҿѪµĿƣ
ܵģܰѵģ
Ʒҡͷ˫ȻˮԵǰ
ƶ
ʱһ˫ʹĴԱ߻
껸硭㲻Ҫ
Ʒһ󼤶תȥƺҿһۡ
ƶ֪һпԵģ˵ɣô£һ԰ģһԣ
ֱߵƷǰһ§ڻУȻҲ֪ϵ׷ʲôΣʼնҵķƶ˵ôܷʲô飬ǶҪһԵģ
껸磬ҡҶԲ㣡ء
Ʒʹ޳껻еҲڲϵĲ
쿴ʮֲ̣εҡҡͷ̾һ
ƶ𣿡
껵ҵĻǾ˵ɣһµģ
ã˵
껵ĴڣƷڼԥɫȻüᶨһЩ
̧ˮ˫껣ҧڴ֮ǰ껸ҪӦһ£
˵ʲô飬ҶӦ껺ԥĵ
ºܼ򵥣ҵôˣ㶼ҪúõĻȥΪǺúõĻȥƷƵ
ƶ˵ʲôôˣһæ
ȴӦңƷҡҡͷĿôᶨ
ҡ
껴˿̵˫Щ죬ϧ
ãҴӦ㣡ƶҲµģԲᣡ
ջǵ˵ͷƷһ껵Ļѳȥ˵磬ĳ棡
ĳ棿
껾һĳʲô⣡
Ʒȴǻʼĩ˳
ǰһЩ;б㱻Ѫ֯˶ϣǿιĳ棬⵽Ѫ֯Ŀơ
ԺڵƷƶһһʮıѪ֯ѪʹҲڲ֮ǰΪǸʱպѪʹӶǱ߻صӡ
Һãûзʲô飬ҲûѪܹ֯͸֮ˣ
˵ƷƲЩҡ
ΪȳµĻƷƾѴˡ
㱻ƣΪĳ𣿡üʵ
ǵģ
ƷƵͷ˵ĳ棬Ҳ֪ʲôÿǶͨĳһвԣĳңʹ
ֲãֲǰʱüҶɫҰףǸʱӦþĳ淢ɣ껻Ȼ
ǵģ
ĳ浽ʲô
żʵϧ컹Ʒƶû취׼ȷĽ͡
֪
ʱĽ̻߻ʯ࣬ˡ
˵ĳ֣ƷƵɫһ䡣
ĳϹʱһĳ࣬Ϊĸӳ棡
Ľ̿û껺Ʒһۣ˵ĸֻһӳоŸϾż֮ӳĸƣ춯֮ʹ޷ֹ
Ҫӳ棬ô죿ʵ
껺ƷƴʱҲ׷׽Ŀ⿴Ḷ̌ŨŨڴ
ܼ򵥣ĸɱӳԶ
Ľƽػص⻰˵Ҳ൱û˵ܹɱĸĻǻԥʲô
Ȳ˵ܲҵѪʹҵˣ뵽֮ǰڶˮҷ飬ûκνսʤϣ˵ĸˣ
˵Ľ̰취ûУֱ˵ɣЦõĵ
֪
ĽػصûУΪЦѡ
ֻܳԪӳֱˣ
һ䣬ȥӳ棬ôĸһʱͻӦǿҲĽ̵ĵ

Ľ̵Ļ

ܿ죬Ľȴһתܹһطܹжĸӳ֮ϵôӳĸҲͲǲˣ
ţ
⻰üëһæḶָ̌ʲô˼ѵĳӳĸ֮ϵܵʲô𣿡
Ȼ
Ľһֱӵɨ죬Ʋ˵ô㲻Լȥ룿Ԫ½Ŀռһ𣿡
֪ˣ
ûĽ̵̬ȣ۾һĵŷƶȥԪ½ǱߣͻԶжӳĸϵȻұӳ棡˼ɣ
ߺߣ
Ľ˼ûлش
̬Ҳǿ϶˵
ˣƶ̫ˣа취ˣ
껼֣§ƷƵϸԭת˺üȦƷƴʱҲ棬ڿ԰˿Ƶӣĵĥ


1121 ӳ棬ٶľ
Ԫ½ѧԺľռУƷ˲ˣΪԷһǰ֪ͨѧԺ׼
λүӣĻȻ˵Ȱ£
λү˵һСȥѩɽۣ֮ҲǵΪ˱֤ƶһϢдǸѩɽ
ˣ
һΧİѩƶĽ˵ȻпܣȴҲĿԣһ飬ǲҪڰڵӳ棿
ĿԣֵȻплᷢʲô⣡ϾҲͷһôټѪʹ򵥣˭Ҳұ֤û
Ҫ
Ʒƺԥĵͷ˵磬ҸоӳĻӦܵƣĽ˵ԿԳɹģ㷢ʲô⣬ƷҲԲڣ
ǺãھͿʼɣ
ͷһ۸λүӣֵ鷳λүӰ󣡡
ģ
Ϸ׷׵ͷվλǱм䣬һʲôͻ״ǶܹʱӦ
磬
ģƷƽס죬ŤͷվһԵȥ껸磬Ӧҵ飡ΣһҪúõĻȥ֪𣿡
ţ
껽ҧݣͷǷܹͲö֪ˣ
磬׼ˣ
ƷһЦ˫ۣ˲뵽ʮɵ״̬ȴһɫ
ʱԸѡƴһҲ˿ƣӶ˺껣˺ȵ飡
ˣʼˣ
һּΧһ󷨣Ʒ˱ƶ˷뵽ƷڣҲ˲佫Ʒڵһ״
ĳӳ棬һСӣֻСĴָС
ĿӳſƷƵϣ綬һ㶯Ҳ
ӳ棬ͬƵģޱÿһ¶СĴ֣ץסƷƵ࣡һܵĸĿƱ᲻䶯Ҳѹֻڷ֮ʱƷǰʹˡ
ƶȷµҩ
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬콫һŵҩιƷƵܹʼձŨԼĻҪƷƱ򶨣Ϊľٶ̫ʹ࣬Ϊӳȥʲôۡ
ͬʱֳľ飬ȻôͬΪԷһ
ƷƲܳ£Ȼ껾Իѹģ껴ӦƷҪúõĻȥɽ˭Ԥϣ
껶ƷƵİƷˣܹúûȥǼأ
֮⣬컹һ˽ġ
ƷƵӳ汻𣬻ܹһЩ벻ãȻǹϵɱѪ£Ͳ˵ˡ
СԪƷߣžϴӸಿλ𽥵ĽΧСϵرƽĳӳڵλá
ƶ׼ãʼˣ
ΣޱȻƷҲǲһæȶĶʲôӰ졣
ΣȴҪ˳һЩ
Ľ˵һռ֮ĳĸӳ֮ϵȷǱжˣӳͬһûκεķӦΨһ첻òСĵľǣɱӳʱһܶƷƵȥκ𻵣ؽĺ
ȻˣƷ̲סʹ껿Ŀѣĺ޲ýʹתƵϣ
ڣʮҵʱ쳤³һƷ˵δӰлƮ
ƶ
껼״ʱȲҪ
վס
켱æȵҪ
磬ôˣɫֽǹԹԵͣ¡
ûлش𣬶ɫΪȻľ£ƷһŻתಿλĺߣһĻס˺ŵȭͷգΨֳʲô⡣
ʱĿƺ֮ǰأͷѾֳ˵εκˮ
ÿһÿһ붼ô
ڣʮӵʱȥĿһȵƶ죡

Ʒƺԥſ촽ƺһֱӼһɫţ͸ſԿĳӳģһܹоһ˿
ˣ
һżæ̱ڵصƷӵڻС
ƶô
Żн˶ģޱۡ
û£쿴ôˣƷֱ˵
ǷģҲû£
ЦЦͨľٵĻָһº󣬱ֽӳԪǰ
ǺҵķƶĹ
ŭ壬޲̽
ĳӳ棡
ͷ˫΢еĵֱӽһӳ棬ἤŭѪʹǲøӵֶνǿаڣǳɹˣ
ǽô죿ɫ磬ΣҾԲŹѪµˣǸʲӵѪʹҵķƶɱĲΪˣ
ˣһȥŵģ
֣Ѫ²ô򵥣
ðɣģ
ɫһ
ʵ֪֮ͦģȫҲѪµĶ֣ǸѪʹĹ˼̬ȣҲ֪ԷȻǣ
Ȼ˵ΪƷƱҲԲ˵˵лᣬĺ޲ýǸѪʹƤ
ɣȻȥ˵
ֳ֣ѧԺϵүӣлˣǾˣ鴦ˣСǣ
ûкλүӿܿƷ˻صУȻҲͨռĴֱȻصȻ˲ƻаɷţ
Ʒưȫ֪ļ˾Ϊ֮ĲѣĽ˶ʾһ¹ģܹŵӳƷǿаľٶҲĽ̶Щȡ
ʯలżŮȥչƷ֮׼˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻȴһһС
ҳȥһˣʯ磬ʹ˵һȥȥͻأõģ
ͼ˵һһֱ˲ƲٴγֵʱȴѾ˶ľ֮⡣
⹫ôˣ
ľԽأЩܳ
ôҵﶼУ
ľЦЦеĳԺº󣬿żӣľһЦˣȻǾͿ϶кϢ˴
ǣ
ܿ죬Ѻһ˺۵ӡ
⹫˵Ϣ˭첻ʵ
Լֱʰɣ
ľЦģ⹫֤κλԣ
ðɣ
ͷվߵǰ


1122 Ŷǿ
ſɣ
һȦİֵ
ǣ
Ӧŵɿ˴˵֣˻һĲ㵹ڵϡ
ʲô֣ʵ
СĽжǿ
ǿֲ
ף˵˵ɣҵĸɶĶ
СĲү˵ʲô˼ǿ̧ͷɻӡ
ôװͿ
һЦȴ͵һ˦Ƕǿϣ׼ĶǿʱֱȵڵأһڻѪĭ˳˲ͼ֡
⹫ò˵ĺϢɣ쿴ҲûŤͷľʵ
Сӣ˵ʲôأ
ľûĵϷ򶼲֪Ҫҵĸɶӣô֪㲻һ㣿
ŶҲŶ
ȻĵͷǿϵĻҳЦǿǰɣ˼ȷǱûòٰɣҪ
ңСĲң
ǿҪˣô벻Ϊ֮

Ҫһȴıˣ
ǺǣȻǸƢˣȻǾʵ˵˵ɣҲʣŶӦ֪ʲôЦЦʵǹճһߡ
ԱߣľƿĿЦãԼڶȷ˾ȣȫŲĳ죡
ǣǣСף
ǿͷæСıǰ֮ˣǰʱĽӵҪǰſһСӼʱ䣬ǸСӦþүҪҵˣ
ǲ
ֽ˾ӰֳǶǿ֮ͷǣһģһû˿ֱ𣡡
أʵ
Ѿˣ
ȥʲôط
СĲ֪
ǿҪˣʱĿǶǿʵҪС֮⣡
㻹ǲʵ
˫һУ޾ĺâ˸

ʱĶľƺĿڵӦ治֪飡һϵƾʵʱŪģ
ðɣ
쵹ûлɶľƵĻ˶ٺĶǿļ򣬵Եղ˵ǰŽӵôǽӵ˭أ
⡭
ǿһ£Ҫɱ˵ЦĿУæҲˣСĴԶǸһۣѪѪĳۣݣӦһˣмӣ
ˣ
һľֵӦѪµĻ
ȻҲһ뷨΢һٺʵûע⵽˳۵ıԵǲǻʲôǣ
ǣ
ʻǿϸһ£ȻͷУУүСģĿǸǺһ£ΪѪɫԵʣͳɫһСһʱû
Ѫµˣ
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һѪʹһѪ»
ѵ˵Ѫµϳڱĳ
뵽ͶľƲһۣ׷׿Էе֮ɫ
ΪľļľȻ֪ܲѪ£ѪµϳڱĻвǾͻڱһȷѪ꣬򡭡
ǰںδʵΣ
˭ǸνĻ֮䵽ʲôϵ
У˵ڱУǰһЩ
ʳеɻ󣬶ǶǿȴǿЦѣκĽ֪г
ݶǿ˵ֻһк۵ɣʵǿľ׹ҲֻһԪ۷˰ˣʥûһ
Բۣڴûб˹ע
¾ǶľƣǴ˴ĻҲ֪һŵĴڣ
Ķǿͺ֪ˣڣҲֻа׹źǸѪ»ϵµİ˸һУǶǿ͵͵ע⵽Щڶڹ
ڻжٵͰһܵѪµĿƣǿȻҲ֪
Ҫˣ
֪㻹ǽʲôӦú
СĶ췢ģȷȷʵʵûκǿæ
ðɣ
ڰ֣ٴʵǱ㣬룬ǸʲӵĻ׻Ὣ˴δ
ֻŻ֪СҲұ֤ǿֱӻص
Ҫȥһˣ
Ħһ°ͣľ˵⹫鷳ԸȥǿһҪܣԲѪµ֪ˣ
İɣϷѷԸȥˣ
ľЦЦ漴Ҫȥţ費Ҫ⹫ɼ˰㣿
õģ
ЦŰֵһŶѣò̫˵ģһ˾㹻ˣһĻֻѪµעˣ
ˣǺðɣԼСģ
ľƳףһ۶ǿ⣬·ʲô춯Ļֱɱ˾ǣ
ǿľƵһɫٱףҡͷҡ
ã֪ˣ²˳٣Ҿȥˣһٴ⹫
˵ľҲûǿ֪첻ǸɶӰȫѪ¾ȳĻȻİģ
ˣ
쳯ľƵͷŶǿȥ

ľƺĿڣŲһ٣Ťͷ⹫𣿡

ľԥһ£Ц⹫֪ͨһ㸸ףʱĻĸ׻Ҳһң
ԣɵɫЩŹ֣
⹫˼Ӧ֪Լĸص飬ǰԭ˼ȥ룬Ҳֻͨ촫˼ˣ
⹫ģһģ
ЦŵͷŻ뿪¶ľһ̾
ˡ
Ŷǿ뿪һ󣬶ľƺĵ
ڣ
ҵ˰бүһ˳棡ʲôΣգˣҲҪ֤үİȫүһͷϷʣľԸ
ǣ֮
ȥɣ
ľư˰֣֪һ⹫֮ԾЩ϶ôҲ޷ȵģ
Ҫ飬ôһҪԶԣǧٷ¶ʮǰĴ
ڶľƵİţ첢֪顣
Ŷǿ뿪ľغڵķλŶǿٷУٶ˼£ʱһֻᷢʲô⡭
ŰСʱңһ̫ɽУ۵ɽϿǰʮӣһɽǰͣǰŵɽڣ
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ǣǵģǿ̵ͷصޱȹ
Уǽȥɣ룬Ӧòܵģ԰ɣʵ
ᣡ϶ᣡүС
ǿͷͷǰ·ȻǿŵҲ㲻Ȼ˺üˣȴҲûκѯʣޱ˳Ľ˹ڡ


1123 ǿ죬׹
ɽȲСΪɽŻСһЩڰֻа˵СɣȴǸպúʣطɽҲһΪĵˡ
ɽȣܻһЩﻨĻƺҲΪ£첻˵ͷ
ǿôˣ
ߵʱһӲ洫һ˻Ŷǿϵƣ˵ɫޱѿ
ǲֳȥˡ
㵽ûаҵĻϣҪ¿ԣǧҪǰţȻÿ
ĺǳ⣬ûиǿκν͵Ļᣬͬѵһ
У˭
ת죬üͷһĳǰʲôǿ㲻Ҫ˵׼ǣҸ㣬ܣҵİţ˸ҹҪٸ£ҲҪˣҰĴ
춼ֱӸˣ

ǿòͣ
Ҳףǰŵ׹Ԫڵʵһ۷壡
ǡ
ǿ׼˵ʲôǰ׹󵱼ǻִϣʲôǣǿҸ㣡㲻ҪΪҲҶ㣡ҪΪ㻹еãòˣУСӸҴߣȻҴȣ
˰׹ĻǿһɫޱѿСĳһۣЦŻ׼ǰ׹͡
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ĳǰһЦôļư㲻ҪϱٵɣҲ뿴ôģ
Сӣ㵽ʲôˣ
׹˫һĨȻ
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ЦѣԱߵĶǿȴż֣Ű׹ʹɫ
ȻŰ׹һԼǿȴ֪ǵ춹ģ׹ԼǺܲģȥĻǿͱϳŲ֪ٴˡ
Сӣ㲻Ҫң
׹죬˫ԾŷŭĻ档
Ȼ׹İֻаˣôҲһ֮ôһСӵô˵δ棿

ǿæǰ׹סֳǸүһʶǹǵģʵҲǺڹң
ǿļһ
׹ֵǿѻ˵ĶǿصƣȴֻôϵţȻܹΪһ֮׹ҲȻǱ
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˺һ׹ͣ£쵭Ŀڵ𣿡
˹ˣүϢŭ
ǿЦûʲô⣡
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˰֣ޱļǰɣ˵˵ɣѪ»׽С͵Ķȥˣ

Ļ׹ɫһ䣬Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼ʲôѪ»ʲôСӣû
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۸ˣ¾һϺҲòɱɣ
Ѿˣ
쵭㲻ҪʶȤʵٳɾͳܲˣ
ҪɱɱҪҰ׹һüͷ費ˣ׹ҧ϶˵
ܺãǳãѾܾûмӵӲͷˣ
һЦȴԵô䣬ȻˣǾͱֱˣ
˵䣬ɢٴǿǰ׹Ȼһƺߣۡһ£һѪֱ˳ԵޱǱ
ǿУȫûһ㷴֮
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쵯ָ
ǿڱż֣üҪ飬Ŀ£ǿֲ׶У
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ӺƳһۿҪֲסİ׹ĵ
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һЦһΧȻǿӲǾ͹ֲñˣϢ֮ڣʵôٱ£һȻ϶棬һðۿԼһǰΣôٵܲɣ
˿ǿ֣˫и޾ıɱûܹԵʵԣ
㣬úݣ
׹̧ͷ˫Ѫ˿Ե쳣ŭ

ûһ㣬ʼ
£
׹æֻ³һȻĵͷȥЦӮˣ֪ʲôʰɣŹҵˣǶ޹ģ
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ЦЦһջ˿񱩵ƣǰ׹һȴǲ㵹ڵϡ
û°ɣ
ǿæǰסڰ׹˵һЩʲôð׹Ȼɫ䣬ŵ̧ͷ죬ԭ˫д˿̾Ǹֳ󾫹⣬ƺл̺һ˿˿ڴ
㾹ȻǶľ
׹𾪵ĵ֪Ѫ»ǸСӵϢȴӦһ

ԣ쵱Цƺûڵưʸͱ𣿡
Ȼô˵֮ûʲô̸ˣҪɱɱɣ¾ҰȫҰ׹Ҳ˵һ֣׹
в٣
˫һУŰ׹ɱʮ㡣
вֻһ󣡡
׹ҡҡͷ˵ֻҪүϴӦҵұ֤֪޲ԣ԰ȳǸСӣ

ܹ׹ʵ㲻ûˣһ˫۾ΪʱǼᶨѡ
ðɣҪʲôʵ
Ⱦҵӣ׹˵
ӣ
һǿæү֪ɩ춾أѾ뾡˸ְ취ûгɹû´ĻҲΪɩ˲ŻѪµ˹һģ
ǿ㡭ô֪Ѫ£
׹ɫһ䣬漴ȻˣʱҾ;ЩԾǲ㿴ˣ
ãҴӦ㣡
ҲУҲΣǣǰҪﱾپˣҴӴԺ󲻵ٺѪκιٱضţ


1124 ˾루ϣ
׹ᣬ˵÷һ𳤴ģţҲһĹ͡
ֻϧʵУŴʱ䣬ȴֻô׹˶ҰĺܴˣŵĴҲֻΪһϯ֮ء
ʮֶྴȴ֪Ϊʲôһֱûкӡ
ڴŰǰ᲻֪ĺȻ˯ѣҲսð׹ż֣飬ϧһдȣϧȴһָܹҲͬڲϼ
ۿҪеʱѪ»Ȼһֵĵҩʱסţð׹ϣǿѪ»ȡ
ڳûٰɣѪ»һҪ󣬱ð׹Ϊ£һ֮󣬱ԽȻ
׹ЩԥΪİȫջǴӦѪ»ҲֻһˣԸȪ
ԴˣѪ»ԥӦ
ǰʱ䣬ð׹æѺҲѪ»ĵһ
ڶǿ׹Ѫ»ޱȹӣֻģϾѪ»ǹϵİΣҪǰ׹вѪ»پĻǰ׹ڶˣ
׹󲢲֪Ѫʲô֯ΪԼӣԸΪħ
ڶľѪ֮䣬׹ȻѡŶľ壬Ƕľ
ڵ֪ݺ󣬰׹ȻȻԼ
Ҳһˣ
˰׹Ľһֶһŵҩ׹Ȼָһ£Ȼȥӣ첻УҲԿԱ֤ܾ
ãл
׹ͷоڵļٻָȴͻأ˫ۣ죿а죿
ô֪٣Ц
аɷа죡ô֪ܲ
׹Цһ£ȴϣĵӿ֡
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ȻûжĿа֮ȴ˶֪ģ䲻ٱ˾Ϊа֮ǰȥҪаɷŵģֻϧаɷŵѡ̫Ͽܹеȴʮһ
ᣬɽȵΧŽأɫʻš
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1125 ˾루У
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ǰԽԽѩɭ֣бøΪ
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һһ޲δ¶κκۼκ𽥵ĳѩɭϱƽɫҲԽȻȻʮֵľ


1127 ˣ
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Ѫµôضһݵ㣬пǸǿѪʹҲڡ
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Сߴ˷ܡ
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һֱߣͬһڣֵļûУ
˷ܵУСߴһ˫и˸ȻɱٶȿĺֻʣһӰЩȻԪʵȴСߴӰץס
ÿһҪչˣᱻСߴ̶ϣȥڲݺһҧ
Сߴо綾ȻǿɿƵģ
̶̼Ϣ֮䣬Сߴҧе˱ȫڣĳһ߽һߵʬ壡
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Щ¸ԱʲôӰ죡ǲǸֵǺͱˣҪɱ˱𣬿ֻԼԶ˰ɣ


1129 ɱռ
ǳĻٿΧСߴУǼѪ֮˵״ûĺͻֵܵɫѿ޷εŨɱ

ֵܶһۣЩͨͬʱ֣
һΣǲκα˫иԶޱŨѪɫ
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еǧýһԪȪӿͬʱһ𣬶ӿУȻϸ߿գ֮Ǹֽ
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жڵӰ˿ʵҪʱʱƺ֮ǲڶ仹Щɢǿһ
·ˣСߴĹоٴУǺЩ˲ɱıУֱǻϽһ㣬ǵĸֲҺ֮ǽԵޱȲң
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˲䣬߲ȱȫʬӸ߿׹䣬ǻ뻪ˣ
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СԴԸι˼ŵҩȷСߴֻ̫󣬲κ֮ķȴЩȣСߴֶֹμֱ̫죬¾ȥϵĻһ֤ܹȫˡ
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һôǰԪ֮˵Сˣôǲǻʲôˣ֮ģ
ԭ쵣ѪµĿܷ˵ĶԴƺϡ
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ҲԣֱȥڵԺ䡣
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ϲĽţܿĳȥֱӷĻһŽԵֿ˷ܡ


1130 
Сһǵøɵ
ЦһڣȴͻأһСһﾹȻʵ
ɵûǴĻŲɣǿס𾪣ʵ
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첻һ̾ˣΪԷһҲ̫ܵã

еСһʱŵŵŵ˹ɵ𣿡
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⻰ЩŹ֣Сһƺĵϴˡ
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ͷܵС˰ɣ
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Сˣ߰ɣ
ͷǰ·˷ܲѵԼʱ߸С±㳯ԺȥʱԺСӵģԵЩ֡
òϣСӵ֣ȴҲĿ֮С

ܿ죬ɫһЩ֪ͨʲôأȻڱǾ⹫˹ɣСӺҲҪȫݻ٣ԲܸѪһһľ
뷨ȶó˴ϵľƣͨܿ콫һи֪ľҲǲȻŭ
ʮСӣҲζʮĸ屻ţ
ѪһУֱزݣ


1131 عľأ
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Ϊ˲Ŀռ䲨ʲôңǺؽ룬Ҫһ㣬ľƴлвʥˣǾ˲Ҳǲܵģ

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ľϷЦİɣѾסˣȻֻ棡ϾǲԼˣңǸЩ֣Ҫһʱ䣡

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ʱȻԺŷ϶Դ첻ϵĴš
ôˣ
Ժ䣬ЦҵĹԶӣ͸ɵ˵ʲô
ɵǶҪһȥŶ
Ӧ֮ǰͶľƵ˵Դ˵ҪһߵģΪǵϴҲܽǶﲻأ

Сһһ˵ģЦãԴ׵ãֻҪԸ⣬û⣡ʲôɵͬ⣡
Ү̫ˣ
СһһӱʱԺе߸СҲǷ׷¶ЦݣԵúǿġ


1132 ׹ԥټۣ
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ľ⣬һˮɽеԺſڣʱ򣬰׹Ͷǿһʱ˶˶ʱԵʮֹ
ݣݲ˿ĵ
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ˣض񣡼˵ɣ
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׹ͷ˵һжܺãûʲôӦģϾҲΪܣ
ǺǡİɣҸղѾʹ⹫ˣ˵һԽģ
ﲻװ׹еĺ壿Ц˵аǾȰĵס£֮ǰѾ˵˵ЩӣҪһʱ䣡
ţףҲҪл׹ͷӦ
Ŷˣ
Ȼһĵγ֮⣬һҪ˵ǸѪڼ֮صľݵѾˣѪ֮ȫһоǰǸѪ»ҲɱˣֻҪܹù˻ָôԺͲٳʲô⣡
˶٣ֿһ۰׹󣬵ļȻǰǧٺѪµ˽нӴҲұ֤ʲô
˵ǣǶסˣ
׹æͷЦ飬Ҳ֪һЩұ֤Ժ󲻻ˣ
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ף֮һһֱסСߴһֵʳָãſʵȹ˻ָˣкδ㣿
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ǺǡҪᣬٲʲô⣡
ЦЦ˵ٵ˼˵ϾѪµ˴һЩȻҲ֪Ϊʲôѡ֣п϶֪Եɣǻǣʱ»һЩõ鷢

òϣ˵ļе
һɲǣ׹Ͷǿ˵ɫ˲䣬Ȼ뵽Ժп״Ѫ֮ǿаٶǹ˼ɣοֻа˵Сɣ
һıѪ¶ϣǰǱؽκεĻ·ߣ
٣Ȼ˵ˣ˵ȥɣ
һ׹˵˫˸ǵĹâ
һ·ľ壬ΪľΧ쵭ĵ
ľ壿
ǱСһ֦ͷ˵£Ϊľ۷֮һΧҲ󲻵ģ
ǿ֮ʱϲѣֱѿڴӦ
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Ȼͬ˰
ûΪ׹ɶЦЦʲôģٲϣǱٿڣǰ˶ѣֿ𣡡
ǣһȷȥץסѪ˵βͣ˵Щƽȴ޴ѡΪѾˣ
ҪǣܹΪľΧѪҪԸҲƱػɣѪȻǿ˵۷κһʵȴǹһ¶ضܵϴ
˶٣쵭ļʵҲûиõѡԣϣܹӦҿ˵⹫ǲȻʲôҲұ֤ΨһȷǣľԻڸã

ǿڴĿŰ׹󣬺ϣ׹Ӧ
١
׹һ˶ľΧҪЩʲôҵ˼ǣѪ£
Ҫ⸶ÿϹҲ
쵭ػصΨһľҳϣƽɷչľҲṩһЩԴǣҪõǵʱǱޱȫ
⣬һԴӦǣڶľΧУֱӶ⹫𣡶ľֻҪ⹫ҵļɣ
òϣȷ˰׹İżףŵҲĶԴ
ֱǾԵĸеĴ
׹û̴Ӧǵͷ˼ԺиͷתȽŸĵʧڻ˼⣬ѪкӦ֮
첢ûٴδߴ٣豭ĺʱʱĸСߴ˳ëԵ⡣
ǶǿԵüΪĶ˵Ҫ϶ľ֦еȷǺϣܹøǿ󣬶ľ壬ΪΧݵһ·
ټı֤˵һаһ飡
ڣһ󣬰׹̧ͷɫ٣Ҳʶ̧٣ҷ״û취̴Ӧ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ֪׹˵ֻһڣлǶЩǣ
УǾúõĿǼ죬ǲ
ЦȻģ𲻴Ӧ˵һõԲϾǱ֮ǰѾӦ飡
лл٣׹¶˸м
ǺãҾͲˣ²豭ȥ

ڰ׹Ͷǿ£ܿ뿪ˡ
磬ôӦôõ㡭
ˣɣûô򵥣ôˣƾʲôһӾͿǣ

ԶԶأȻûйȥҲһЩεҡҡͷ
˵ʵڵģ֮ôţȷҪð׹ķ̽һѪµķӦôҲΪǺãղ˵ȻѪ¶Ѿ˰ţǣôѩɭֵľݵ㣬Ѫµ˱ضɻǣֻǻһ˶ѡ
ˣ׹Լѡɣ
ʼ磬ûʲôʧ
磿
ʱһȵŮӲԶŤͷȥȴҲͬЩ죬ΪȻۡף۶㰡
ЦųȥȻ֮ǰȷ֮йһЩõ飬ɺ涼ȫ˵ˣصʱ۵ĹϵҲǷǳ
۵ȷһЩ֪ݣԼڵıֺҲȷǽ䵱׵ܵܶԴϲһãְ˺ܶܶࡣ
磬û뵽㣡
ϲֱ֣ĸ첲ŲõЦݡ
ǰҲû뵽
ͷŸǺɵˣ۶ôڶľصģĪǼʲôߣ
ѽ
ʻۺ֪һ漴Щͨ죬¶һСŮ˰̬
۶
Ȼ¶ŹֵʱһϤԶļٴʱһǱѾͨͬ͸˵ƻƵģֱɬ˼㡣


1133 ľͼĸ
һ׳˶ӰԶɿߣȻԭ˷ܵı飬ڼߵ֮ʱȴ˲ޱΣͷ죬֪˵Щʲô
ǱˣǵȥаɷţҪɫ˵ҪĳŮӣҲδɩӵĶľͼ
ͼ磬۽㣬ǡ
ĿڨڨĶľͼԼɬӹϺȻֳһĨϷʵЦݡ
磬ʲô񣿡
߼ˣֱһȦѡ
ʹ۶ʹ
켱æ˿ȥűĵطЦѡ
ߣ˭Цҵģ
ûĳ춪һۣ漴ֺ޺޵ĵŶľͼľͷûұ۸㻹
۶ңҡ
۵Ļľͼʱɫһ壬Ҵ򲻹
ѽ㣬㱿
۲ʵĶ˶ţ俴Ϸʵɫǽǲ
˺ˣˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ʵ벻ףľͼôߵһġ
ҲͲװɣֻҪһܹҸҲˡ
ߣ
۰ƲƲ죬ڶľͼЩڨЦ̬£ֱ߹ȥŶľͼĸ첲콿ߵǾһˣôߣ磬ˣ
ðɺðɣӮˣҹϲǣ
ЦѵһҡͷҲûټϷŪȥ
⻹࣡
ͬ߰Ŀȸһͷ漴ֵ˵磬ô㲻Ӧаɷ𣿡
˵ԺϸͰɣ
̾һ˵ˣθͼһòǼҳİɣ
Ļ۱ѾָһЩٴα죬ǶľͼҲЩ϶ͬƵ˵ᣬҡǲǡ

ûȶľͼ˵꣬һŤ˫ֲĵ۽߳磬ĪҪʲôҪ㱨ɣߺߣ
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һЦ۸ǵɪһĳֱۣһֵӡ
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æǰʲôʲôɣһ£
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ٺһЦĿۺͶľͼӹЦò˶ãǲǵýһɩˣ԰ɣ
ٺ٣ٺ١
ľͼʱԵޱȺЦݣȴٴһ죬磬㣬˵ʲôأ
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ɻЦҿӦѾĲ̫Զˣ
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ۺв֣ȴǼæЦ鿪ȥΧ˶׷ײĿ
˵ˣˣͼ磬
ЦУչܿʧǰԶԶۺǲʵԭض˶š
ľͷ㻹ɵЦʲôߣ
оΧĿעӣ۽һקľͼ֣ٵĳٵĵطȥΧ϶¶Цݡ
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ûŶľͼֱֵۣľͷղôʲô˵ͿұЦǰɣ
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㣬㡭
˶ľͼʻٿǺѯʵӣҲ֪ĻǺߵģݺݵԭض˶ţľͷľͷ㻹ŲҲˣˣ
Ҫ۶ҡҲ˻𣿡
ľͼæס۵С֣ɥ㲻ңҿô찡
ߺߣľͷߣ
úãߣߣ
ľͼæ۵֣һЦģһ¶Цգǵӣͦġ

תۣľѾȥʱ䡣
רǻ㱨һ°ȫֽ˵һ飬Ҫ΢õ˽ٻȥҵϢҲüŮ˷ܲѣ
Ƿ׹ǷܹŰ¼ľ壬оԵİգǰ׹ĿŰűѪΨһѡ
գˣʱ˵Ǽ룡
ʲô飬Ҳֻ֪ԹԵˣ˵Ĵ£ȥڶľڵһĻ԰С
٣棡룡
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԰мһʱͤȴˣ˶ľ֮⣬˺Ȼǡľأ
ϵ裿
һ첽ͤڣôȻˣ
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ԭΪΪǰĽ٣öľɶĶ֮ȴһ
Ĳֳʲôìܡ
ҿ˵ָΪһӣľЦôûһҼ
һȥܹԵģһϲ
ǺһЦȴЩŹ֣Ϊ̫ˣ
СӣʮӵĴ磬ҹҲͳûʲô𣬸ҪʼֱһȻ첢ʲô⼸Ľȴ֡
ʱ룬ôȥ»õȵ꣬ͽӵʥʵˣ
֪ЩǶ޲ýץȥֱӰǿʲô
һͤڣ˵һЩ޹ʹȴʮܰĻʱʱһЩаɷŵ飬Цݸֻȴķ֣Լ׵˫ȴһƹŹ֡
ˣϵȥĶ
Ȼʵܾܲôһ߶ľضɣ
Ǵ棡
Ц֮ǰһˣھרŹ⹫˼ңȻҪȥתת


1134 ӣ׹ľ
׼Ͷľһȥܶ磬ŪöľƺһһٶԵЩ
ͬʱȴеһ⡣
ǶľضûȨ˼
ľУľؼľѾʮ丸Ů϶Ͼһ޳ȥŮմĳǱ򣬶ľĽضύľصУⷽľڱӡ
һߵңΪĳԨĶӣĶһ˵һҪ֮λĻɹĿԽǳ󣬵֮ѡҲͬΪ˱ӡ
ңǶľ嵱УͶľضַͬǱԼ
Ȼᱻܶ˵£˭ʲô취أ
˵λͲͣټǵĽҺͶľĶԹ׻⣬ôһŦһŦУ˭ָҶ򸾶˵ʲô
ֻǣǵԸ񲢲ɵķԲŻѡȻͶľҲȷúõһΪľǲʮʱûһĻӡ
ˣϵ˵ѩɽׯ𣿡ʵ۾ֱֱԼס
ѩɽׯ
һ⣬۾ⲻһߵĶľأȴǹĵͷȻ˵СӺ˵˵ǷѩɽׯׯҲĶչˣ
˵ģ
һԼĻ
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ľЦЦҺʲôʱȥһ˷ѩɽׯǱߣϾ˼ׯôչˣǵĸҲӦȥʾһ¸л԰ɣ磿
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ֻ亹ǿס򾲡
ҺãܿͤĺϴЦǣСһ첽߹
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үүã̺ãǰְֵĸɶӣҲɰ
Сһıм䣬۾գѽգģǿɰĵүү˧ְֶȲأҲƯŶǶҪƯŶ
СļֱЦ˻ûŶľһӱ㽫˴ϣһ
ȫֻͿɰ·Ѿŵȫ˦
ȫСУõһμͶľϲ˼㣬ͬƵģȫûһҡ
תۣڶľѾ߰ʱ䣬ÿ춼Լĸĸڵ棬Сһ˷ܵ˼㣬˯ʱŵڶҪȥʲôطˣأ
֮ܶһ仰߰ʱʮУޱ⡣
ڴڼ䣬Ҳ£
һѩɭ
֪ܹ֮ô˳Ľ˾ȳܴһԭΪǸǿѪʹûڣڵĻܹɹǱȥжľԴӣҲʮ߰˲ô˳ɹ
ʱţ¾⹫ľƣλľļ¶һǸѪʹĶ֡
ô򵥵룬춼Щëֱ
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ڶľƵĹ£״һһãӱ֤Ͼ˻֮κ״Ḷ́ð׹ϲУĳ׺תѾ˾Եġ
ֻǰ׹ԾЩᣬڼ֮ǰĶԻ
Ҳӵһ£ʵȻˣǰڣȻֻССһ߰ʱ䰡Сһôô
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ңжľƵķһЩչŮԼ֪Ķľ֮˶棬й¶ʩ֮
ڼ䣬ͶľҲϸļһӣֻá졯ݡ

תֹȥգ״һһãͶľҲ뿪˶ľأȥʵǻļƻ֮ǰȴҲһѣѪ²öԸҪСģǿɲʧȥôһöӡ
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Ѫ£ӣȻҲͬԼ򲻵ѣʲôٶ
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£ЦǺǵʵǲǶڱٵĽ飬ѾǺˣ
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׹Ȼͷ٣֮ǰŵǷЧ
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ȻٿԱ֤ľԲȥðʲôڻ֮ģ
⣬ѪǱߵϵʱϣܹһʱ֪мǣҪΪ˸˱³çжİ¿ºԤϣ
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׹ףȻѾһ˿òϣһУĶǾԷڵһλģûʣ޴ȴԲܱѣ
ߣؽܵĳʹ
һ㣬ӹɣ
һֱܶĶǿʱȴǹԹԵһԣĿȴһֱ߰׹ߣƽЦݵϣȴٶԳֽţ
ģҪǰ׹󲻴ӦĻаٻ᲻̷
һ׹ףãҰ׹ھʹҵİʽľ壡Ժ󣬻ٶչˣĲ˵Һµĳ̶ȷ滹ǿԾԱ֤ģ
Ǻǡã̫ˣ
ЦҴ⹫ӭļ룡ģֻҪ¾ģҿԱ֤ľԲǣ
л٣
׹Ҳ֮ͷ˾
⼸ʱУΧϵĵڶҲǳ䶨Լ˲٣ĵĻ
׹ȷϣͷ˭ұ֤ʲô⣿


1135 ;磡
׹ľʵѾϵУ
˵ʵڵģûиõѡ
׹󲻼ľ壬һѪµȥĽ־ѾעߣΪľΧʲôõģ⻹ζأ
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ڰŵļ룬ΪǣߵԵʣľƼκ˼ıӦֻȴһôҲûҲ뵽Ҫ󡭡
ʵҪܼ򵥣
ΪĶľ壬ǵΧ࣬ϾҲо󾫵Եʣ
һֻа˵⻹ĵĵһΣ
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֮ȫǶľ͸һ
ֻҪӦŽ˵Ѿ˽ȻԾڶľģ
˼Ƭ̣ջǴӦϾûκεĲ
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ֱڣɻû˾޹ĳһҪģ
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Цһɫ΢һݵļ˵Щӵһǳ㲻罫ǴСдã
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⹫ģ⹫أҿ϶ģ
ܹܵľƵΪľļڶŮлȴͨ˶Ȳˡ

Ӷľ뿪ˣֻбСߴʮСӣǶľ˻ͣϾֻһˣҲֳܷôľȥչǡ
֮ǰҲרŸǴȥһʵҲ׼ʱڱ̻ɽȥӭӣȻ̻ɽػЩͺǵ˸ܽȥˡ
ʮӣܹʮĸź̻ܿɽΪͯ԰ҲȻ֮ڸӵּ֣
ҪǣЩʶǳľԣܹǵȤרһò˶ضֻаɷһµ
Ҫ첢δʹ˲ƣǴͬһ㣬Ӷľ̻ɽ
һ·ϣҲ˲ٵ
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ڸɵߣͬ˵СҰƵģΧ˷ܵȥСϵЦݾʹûмٹԵǰ鶯ɰһ·ϲٵ·˶׷ײĿ¶ޱ΢Ц
СߴƺҲϲСһǰһֱſϵһֱڻУȻʱᱻ£ҲᡮߴߴߴĻСצӱʾŭĿɰ̬УСߴԾɺܿˣ
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Цſ첽ʵѾǰ쳣Ͼ֮ʱɢǲƭ˵ģ
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ܿ죬Ǵս֮˵ΧѾвٵפۿһǶźϷʱʱָָ㣬ֱһֲ´ӡ

һ£ǴеŮӣȴɫԳɻ󣬡ô
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Сһ￪ĵĵԴһҸɵµһļƣΧ˷׷ײĿ֮ʣȴֲ׷ҡҡͷ
СӣҲôҪҪƤİɣ
üǸŮȷʶһϤΪǻԪ½ݶǶżҴٶŮѣ磡
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ֹסҪǰĶüɣѧԺΪʲôӽΪΣĪʲôɸ˵ܣ
С㣬ǻȥɣ
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1136 ֣ң
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1138 عаɷţ
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1139 εı磬
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ܿ죬Ʊ㽫̲˶ԵΪ£νɫζȫ
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1140 ľŭ
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ҹſЦһνһεؽ裬߽ˣϵϢû˲١Ҫǣ񽣵·޾һ㣬û˿ͣµ˼ȫǱһҪĻᶼûС
ɫԽԽѿ񽣷Խ˷ܣڵȫ˷еԪ˹ϣŭѣȴƫƫ޿κΡ
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СӣϷһҪɱ㣬ɱ㣡
ŭУܵϵʹҲֻܷŭɻӦȴֻǿ籩ؽƣƺٶ˵һ䣡
ʱһһĹȥӲ˿ٵǿƹȫ¾ͼûһʹĵطҪ˫ֲѣôȥĻҪΪʷһôĥʥ֮ˣ
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ȴԾûκλش֮ǰǰؽţʼձֺһľ룬޷ֻܲϵıӲ
һĻ˿²֪ĺ䶯


1142 ǿնɱ
ȭߵڶȻȴһƵģЩûдȥҹ˾ĻУ˲֪˵ע⡭
ſ񽣺֮սָоΧ쳣߸ԡ
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ǵģһľ죬һп񽣣˵ĺѣӦ漴յ齲˳һһʮû˿©
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ȥһʲôˣ֮䵽ʲôϵε飬Բôˣ
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ٺ٣лл磡
ԪһЦ漴һΧյָǰ磬˵类˷һ첲ǲİ


1143 ֵ
ԪĻֶʱɫһ࣬ǳʲô˼ο磬㾹Ȼֻˣǿͬͬĸֵܣ
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һߣԶԺ䷿Уǲŭûκͣµ˼
ֶˤڵ飬ˤĶѾ֧飬ȴǲĵļŭţ·޲̴ȥͿһ㣬Ǹ
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˵Ը⿴ôȥȰ˵Ǽ˵Ĳ״ǲ컹һλǸӲҿ
Сӣ
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һĶˤڵϣεŭһҹԵô
ͬЩȴûʲôʾֻǹճһصĻߡ

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ǰ֪ͨһ֣ׯ԰ſڵʱѾǵȺ򣬲ûܵκΪѵģ˱ׯ԰ڲ
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˵䣬ֿ죬ż𾪣Ȼ


1144 Ц滢
Σ
û˵ʲôǵĪֻ׷𣿡
ֵǧҪᣬҾûǸ˼
ջطϵĿ⣬æЦֻһʰˣЩҪϮɱľֵܺͿֵܵģǾ๼
ֻ벻ҵϾȻ鷢ԲŶһ죡ֵܺľֵܲҪ֣
ֶô˵ˣȻҲٶԣɫҲ΢һЩ
֣ʵڲС³çϣȻδһ˰ɣǵǸֳ˵

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ͷ˿̵ѾȫĴͿܺ߷һ仰û˵
ˣ֪ڿڼУ
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ڵģ
һͷǰ·һ߻ЦǰʱڱչأԶֵܵĵеã츸׳أһ׼ȥֵأˣȴҲò˵һԵְ
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˵
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뾡ܷģСŮұһʱ֪ͨ㣬ٹһ˱ǣ֮Ļ£Ǵɵʱϸϸ飬Σֵ
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ͷЦҾ˵϶Ǳ˵ģСĸףôܲΪС㿼ǣСˣ

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ˣ
ЦŻصҺСһˣɾҵĳԺˣǶǸ˽еģ岻Ļֱӽɣ
һǽֶɣ
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˵һԾԵΪңĹУͿ񽣾ͬһĿУѾǵˡ
ȻⲻֻһԻ
ȴףŲ֣ʵѾ֪ϵұ۵ǣȴ˿ûб¶ϵعҹǶǷڰҹϮɱˣԼʾǵǸ⣡
⣬Ҳ˵ӵĻ֮ԲС
ҳһٷܾһ뿪ǽ
뿪Һһ·صݾӵԺ䡣
磬ôºһڲʵ
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ðɣ
üеЦ滢˼ҡҵ󣬻ʲôǲ֪أ
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ͬεЦЦʵӽ쿴ûʵԵ֤ݣǾԲץѣ
ҲҾȰҵ˵
Ȱҵ
һЦݣɫһ䣬ܣңң⡭ĺΣհ


1145 ҹ̽ң
үðһȥ
񽣺ԥ˵
ӿЦã˵ӣƺҵ˿ͨƵġ
Լȥˣ
˰֣񽣻׼˵ʲôûĶһۣѾĳô󣬾ǱٺãҲҸױ֣
ðɣ֪ˣ
ͷôֲĴ
ܣҵĻˣȥҹ̽ңҪ˼Ц
磬֪㵣ģҲûʲôð취ˣ
ЦҡҡͷǱҪȥģҲȰˣ
ðɣԼһǣ
˼ᶨֻεĵһ֪ͨߵҵҲһ˵㱻ˣǾ͸ϽܣҪ棡
ţİɣ
ͷ漴Ƭֵ̣ˣйҺͿ񽣱Ϯɱ飬һɴ޹أ
Ŷ
һ㶣Ī֪˭Ļʹ
ʮ֮˾Űɣ
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Īǣ˵ǡ
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ͷ֮ʱļɺҲѾź˵ģ֮ǰ˵ϵɺ϶˾Ͳɺˣ

³һ׵֪ˣҲȥģ˵Ķģұ֤Ժʲôζ
ΪҵϵΪҳʮֿصһԼĽ
һжѲ߻ãԽӽûͼƻҲΪĿģôҲЩ˼ʶʶŭ֮Σ

һӰϢĽׯ԰ҹɫڻ£ƿ˲ٵĻǱУһ㡣
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õ˹ׯ԰ĴŷֲȻҲֻһŶѡ⣬ڽ֮ǰӡ֤£Ȼׯ԰ڵһȻġ
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
һĿصһƧԺ䣬֮̽ȴǺܿ컻Ŀ꣬Ϊڡ
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İʱУֽλѰһ飬յĽȴʧѣûκη֣

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ৡ
һϮ˲ƵģֻգۼĹѾصԭأҲһҵĻһһȫһСеӡ
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֪׷ʲôֻһ˲㵤ﱻӡȫûκεĵֿ֮
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⣬ش⣬ұһô쵭ʵ˵ɱĽֻҪҡһԴԥֱɱ֡
ҵ˻кܶ࣬һʲͲŵĸҲУ
Ȼ컰ºȴǺԥͷΨֵͷ˱Ƶģ
ܺãǳлϣ
ǻһĨаЦһ⣬ǰʱСѻѱǿйѺ֪Ѻʲôط𣿡
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˼УæСҲģڵصû
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ЦЦĿˣòȥͨ籨Űɣ
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ͬˣĿӹüôŻ·˭
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ղȥĵطԪׯ԰һ䣬רΪԼŻ·ûȥŵģȴû뵽Ȼƭôһ㡣


1146 ս
ĻԪܿ߹ȥһһӡ
ܺãĶӣ
ԪļɫҪǵﱻӡ𣿵Ƚ֮Ϊ԰⿪
лף
ԪͷʱҲ˹ǰһĻͬü
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أ
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Сӡ
Ԫ룬ֲЦͷһ£ڶѾˣΪүһҪΪ׷ǣô
֪ˣ磡һģ
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飬ҵ֪Ҳ࣡ɾȻô͵͵ǱĿľȻΪ˶βȣ
Ϣôй¶ȥģ
˫΢еĿ죬Ժ˼ŸֿܣѾϵϡ
˼ȥȴʼ޷õκ׼ȷĴ𰸡
ͷǱһŻʼ޷Ϩ
£
һ£ǰΧΧʮ붯֡

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״˫۶ȻһУȵ´ˣͣò£ȫ˼ҷã
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ȻѾˣǲ͸ɴսһ
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ȺҹʱʱһʻнŶߴԼ˽ϵĲҺԼԪɫޱѿ
ף磬ôôǿ
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ĵǣôǿôµķӡԼܲܽĿ
Ҫ֪⿪ӡѶȱ֮·ӡҪ
Ԫ죡
ѿɫֵ׼ǱʿԼ磡
ǡ
Ԫ׼˵ʲôֵĿУǹԹԵı죬еֵޱŨء

ͻأģһҺ𣬱һӰɹصǸǰºѾ׳һʬ壡
ಿλѪôԣôĺˣ
Ԫ˫ͫһδεֱֱֻŷû³
ǰθǸĿѡ
ǿƹУ̶̲ʮӵʱ䣬ʮ˲Уÿһ˵״䱯ңʣµһû˼ǰ

״ͷŭǡ
ףϢŭҪȥԣ˵
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״ƿԬȴɫ˲١
׻˵úãмһֱ֪ûСΪʥصǣƬ̵ĽֺѾŲǵʵԸտʼɺͲмȫʧȡ֮һأ
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ǣף
ףûٶԣͷŰա
˵ļҽսõĳһɲǣ·뵽ʲôɵ˫ͫȻһԵľ


1147 ɱŭ
ʥ֮ˣɫԵúƽ¶˫г֮˵ʲôˡ
ڰ˸ݣʱ˵谭չԼĹƣʱ˵ĹΪ˿ûκ·磡
Ӱһ㣬ÿһλ϶ûͣʱ䣬Ȼһʱ䳤ˣضΪԷĶ󣬶첢ûǣׯ԰ڣ·񡭡
ԣ˻ɱʥصҿ֮⣬Ҫһ㻹עⱣԼڵԪľǿãԼָڵĵҩ䣬һʱҲԪľ³
ֻ֮սʱϵԽԽǼ·ǾͲһˡ
ϾҼܹߵ̶ֳȣҲһ򵥵
ء
䡭
ּս֮ڶܶĲ䣬·ʵ֮˵Ӱ޷壬ΨܹоĿֲѹЩɫ԰ס
ԪֱֱǾ֮ɫ
֮ǰ˵նɱʮ˵ľٶȵĻôһжҿ䣬ֶʥصĸ֣Ԫľ𺳼ӿ־ˡ
ԼڵﴦķӡԪ㲻ǵǡ
ҪԼףΪҼ޷⿪ӡѲɾүԽԺΪͨˣ
Ԫģ
ǿԪ룬ļ˵ҹһᱻסȱضҪ⿪ӡģ
ţ
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죬ȴûٶ˵ʲô̧ͷ˰ǵӰЩ𾪡
أ
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֮ǿȷǳǵϡ
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һۣƿԬ˵ͷͬʱٴչ˹
һΣȴǽԪȫ˷Ĳһ㣬ʮĬĳ켱Ϯȥ
һ̣ذ·˸оĩյĵ
·ʵ֮˷׷ɫ䣬ǿѹѪûֱ³Ѫ
Ҳɫǰδеء
ˣӦúᣬʵȴǿǽʥصĿȵ˵زǷƽ񶼸š
˵Ĺƴſռһ㣬ɫ˲ʱһݣĳоһѹɵҲ˫һУ˸ŵâ
ֲĽâλҿĹм֣ӿ޽һ㳯ͷǿնȥǽâһռѷ֣ޱȱĺ磬ҪһƵġ
ߣ
״Ȼͬʱһ
ƽŽն
Ľٱ䡪ն
ȽǶԷֲâϱƽ˲䣬ǰͬâڻԬ˵Ĺƣֵ˿һֺϵơ
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оЩƵ񵱼ɫһ䣬
£ȥˣ͵ץסֺԪӣγ˸ȥǲʹóʥ֮ר˲ơ
ৡ
ҲǷ׷׼ٳ󷽷ˣԵʩչ˼¡
䣡
һɲǣĵâײһ˲䣬·ʶҪݻƵģžҵĺǿĲĽ䣬úЩʵ㣬Ӧ֮˱УһҺ֮ٴȴǺֱӱ
ڽֵ·ԭƽĵ棬ԼԭɫʻŵĻ԰˲˷棬ԵǱңеȫʧ
ǿ
˶Ͽ˵Ψһо𺳣
ȿȡ
Ԭڽ֮ȴԵ쳣Ǳ֮⣬ǿԿü˿ϵѪƺЩѡ
㵽ʲôˣ
ƿ俴죬һ˫ء
ôɱɣ
ûлش𣬶ǹ˹ָĵŲǸոտʼѣסˣɱǵң
ͷ
ƿûֱѾ˭֪
ۣ۾ɨ·Զ֣ȴǸֳһĨɱ
ͬʱԭѾƽϢһЩٴηӿչ¶ڸղ˵ӿֲѹʹöĻԬɫ䡭
ãԬˣ
ƿ䷴ӦԿһЩкԬһ󣬱Ҫ󷽼ٷˡ
ԬȻһģٶҲѸޱȣ˼ֻں֮Ѿ֮ľ˰֮࡭
ܣˣ
״ȴֱһ֮˫ƿӡȵ𼼡ս죡
𡭡
ʱһʮ׵ĽɫХܵķӿʵһĳǰϮȥ
ٶ֮զ࣬׵ľգۼ
ѹڳ˵ĺƶͣΪĿĻԬ˸ľսڶʱһǰδеĿ־壬Ĳ
ʱǣܿռ䶼Ƶģܶܣ
ƴˣ
˱ϾʥΪҪ˵ġ
ֱ޿ɱܵԽᶨһЩƴһս
ԣǽĽӽǱʣµԪɣ
Ȼһ£ûֱһ£
ͬھ
˵ľٶ첻ƲƲ죬ЦƾҲ䣿
ĳһ˲䣬ˣ
䣡
ſֲĺƬռ𵴲ѣ漴ͬըҴ
ͬʱԻԬ˵Һڳ˶ɫ䡭
Ҫ֪λʵɲܹģ˵ֶ˴˵زҪȥĻ񲻳
Һ𽥱Сǽʧ֮ʱǻԬ˵Ҳʧǰ
˵Ѿڽľ޴г𣬱˵ȫʬˣһ鶼ҲѾ촷ƮɢνǲҲ̶á
ˣλȫ
ϻƣԬ
һĻɫ䣬ŭѡ
Ȼֻҿ䣬ȴҲѡ
˵βŭ
ô
ֺԪҲĿѣ˫гŨŨŭ֮⣬ȴҲͬޱԵľ壡
ʵܹˣ
Сӣ
˶һסʱ͵ڷϿգ¶˫һһٵĵ˭ˣ


1148 ϳˣ׷
ԣԴ䣬ƺкܴģ˭Ƶġ
ԣ˫һУҪ񵽵к̡
ʵҲֻʥ۷ѣȻۿżʥأҪɱȴҲһܵ飡
ֻҪ΢еˣԴӸղͻԬ˵Ľпһ
˵ʮ㣬Ҳ֪ôô϶
˫΢ţôĿҪָһˣ
СӣҪ̫͵ңնɱʮˣ̶ɱλѣձ㲻ݣŭ
ۣ
쵱ݺۣҲûдŹǣ
Сӣ
Ϊŭһһīɫĳ֣ϿһЩ·ϢƺڳֽɲǱ࡭
ħƣ
һ£漴Цû뵽ﾹȻһӡħƵȷûб濴ȥô򵥰
Դ֮󣬻ûмʲôħʦܹӡħƣ
ⷽ涼һֱԵˡ
ֱ񣬼ħƵĳźȻԼҲħʦԼ·϶Ҳӡħƣֻû뵽ȻҲħ
㾹Ȼ֪ħƣ
ͬҲһ죬㾿ʲôˣô֪ħƣ
֪ħƺô
ƲƲ죬ĵҪôôɣҪҲ뿴ʥ۷嵽жǿ
㾹ܹҵʵ
һΪ
ˣôϻˣ
첻͵İ˰֣Ҫʹ򣡡
СӣҪ
Ϊһ֮ʱ˵ŭͬʱȫ֣Ϊ֮ǰΣ˿⣬Ըһֱչֳ˼ΪǿĹƣ

ЦˣЦúܴ
Ȼȴμ˸ܿĹƺһӰǧýٳ󱳴ȥ
ϡ
ɫ䣬ӽ񵲵ͬʱٷתͬʱһĻȣһīɫĳǼٳĵﲿλϮȥһҪǴˣ쵱Ϊˡ
ң⿴Ƽ򵥵Ĺʥ۷֮ʹóȴױȵ
ңΣ
һŤڲ㿪˲䣬ȻٱƽǿеճȭͷǿֱԴȥԸоǿ󾢷磬ɫٴһ䡣
˵ļսȻޱƽʵȴֻԼеΣգֻҪԲע⣬±̻ǵɵ³
磬˵Ӯô·ԪŲѵʵ

ֺûһ㣬üϿеս׼ȷ˵Ƕ첻ţ·͸ĺڽһ
磬硭
ԪŤͷ֣ϺǵǺͽš
֪ˣ
ͻأĴԪһȴûйֱӳϿպף֪˭ˣ
ţ
ں콻ֵһ㶣Ҳ˫Уɵ˾Ƕͬʱͣ
ৡ
ȻڿգɿԣǰԶ죬ЦľֵܹȻֶΣֲһֱ죬ȴû뵽Ȼľֵ㣡
ľ죡ļҲͨʶ֮ʱҽ֣ܵ
ڣľֵܺαػ棿¶ݣҲǼ̸ôּ
ľ죿
Ҳһ֮ЩȻȡ֮ȴ΢
ΪľĵȻΪǸľѣ̬ȱԿ֮Ĺϵָ֮һЩ
ĪǣҲ֪˶£
ôľĵֻΪ̽
뵽ǳ֪ҹľ˾٣Լ˽Ϊǵõ⣡
ֻľ˽ΪֻҪɱôҺҵԲӰļȥȻǰ֪顣
⣬ôһ֣֮еƣҵǿ£𵽵ж
ţ˫ЩƲ
Ȼ򵥣
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Ȼڳ˿ʮҵò֮ʱȴһ̲סĵһ
ᣬȻǰǿʵôܣ
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ֳ칰˹֣˵ľֵܾȻҹã֪Ϊ£ľֵµĻֱ˵ֺαдС֮أ
αضһʣѵΪˣ᲻֪
Цһ漴ɫȻĳǶҵֵܣʵʵĽųһɾʹ˰֣ȻǾݹСܲˣ

һȴװ֪ģЦʼľֵ˵Ҳ֪֪ľֵǴӺδ֪λʲôֵҵģľֵϢ󰡣
ڣ绹ǲϣ֮ûʲô˵ˣ
ǧýһΣĵˣǾͶְɣ죬Ҳȥǲ뿪ģ
ľֵֺαأ
ֻЦݵĵľֵܾʹ뿪ҿԴ״ӦȫѰҶΣ
˵أ
Цְ֣ΪҺܺƭ𣿽ҹȶҪ
ÿСӣ
Σûֿڣǵŭҵ뿴ȫȥģ
˵һ飬Ҳˣ˫΢е
ΣɱʮˣлԬвڷ֣Ҳ㣡
ҹǲˣμ֮λ
ҲգȻˣǾͶְɣǣҲŽҷ׶죬Ҳֵܣ
˫һУչ˹һ޴Ľâǰγɣͬʱ㼱ٳϮȥ
֣ȥ
״ֽͻص󣬱͵ĳһӣΧӿУǱâ˷ӭȥ
˴ε˫Ѿ˵˺棡
¶ݣǱȻδͷϳ϶ĴڣʵΣ˫ﶼ
Ӧʹȥɸղɱôˣлλʥصҿ䣬ΪҼղ˵ǰŹ죿
ԣֵĻ˫Ҫһ׵£ҹ֮²ܹ
ȻĿʵΪңҪȳˡ
ֻϧҲϣҲȻˣһ֮鱩¶ȥǺҵ񲻹һ
ðɣҲˣҪŭǺض룡


1149 ֮ǿ
磬ľ쵽ʲô˰
ֻصԼߣԪǺʵƺǹ˼ɣ
ѣ
ֳʱ㲻ڣģôҲû뵽ľ쾹ȻǿԬ嶼ǵĶ֣
ǰ
ԪҲǿЦŵͷŰѾսһӰԵľ塣
ľ죬ʲôˣ
ְѣȻһֿµͷ
ѵѾ֪˶飬ֻһֱû˵ѣֱҽסŲòȡҲ֪Ϊʲôֻľһ棬Ȼװʲô֪ӡ
ˣ¾ˣ
Щ˸̲סһ
أ
ʱһ촫

·ڶ֮Ҳ׷׾εɶһֱֱɳʮ׿ſסʱҲޱѿɫĺʱγˮ
ԼǺô˵棬ȻǱֱǿ벻̣
ס
ֺԪҲǾѣɫż
ľ죬Ҫ
ס֮һŭеīɫȻûһ·ܹƵģǰλֱϮȥ
ռڳ˼𺳣
ֶΣ
˫һУȴǺԥٴΰθߣȵƽն
ʮ׳Ľâ˲ϢܾŶƵƣӭȥ
âڰᣬȻ㱬ذĺ죬ĽĲ׷£·ɫ䣬ٴκԥĽˣΨ꼰㡭
ţǾŶƵĺȻըѣƬպݺݲ˺ü¡
ۡ
ʧϵĹ˲٣˸ǵһѪɫԵή˲١
ͬܣķڸܵһ𵴣ȶԣȴҪõö࣬ϾﲿλľΪʱĻָ
ס

ˣ·¶ǡ
ȿȡľ죬㵽ʲôˣʵ֮
ŸһѪۣĿɭȻ
ʲôˣ֪
ľ飬ѾܿĻָʻȴİֻ֣ҪףǲٲԴʧ
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״üͷһ壬˿̾ǸоڸղŸΣա
ѵʲôƣ˫΢УɫһЩ
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ŭУȻâʢеƶһ˲ȫת䱾ʥ۷ʵգۼõͻƣֱӽʥصľ磡
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쿴ĺܾȣȴû̫⡣
ֿ϶ʲô֢ģԲ񽣵Ŀһ
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һɲǣһŭֱ˲Ƶǰ˶ȭͷ޾ƣֱӳӺȥ
ȭʮæָ񵲣ֻһһɾֱֱͨӴɫ䣬μæ󷽷ˣԻǹ
ǿ
˫ͫ΢ٲȻ𾪣ܿ񱩣ղչֵĽȻͬĪǣ
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һȭһȭ·쵱ɳƵĶԴûκδϢĻᣡ
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ڳʱЩ֮󣬺ܿȶ
һݲȵĵֵͻĹƣһȴĲЩͬƺĳ״̬ǿƽ˫ͫȴԽķ񡭡
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ף
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䣡䣡
ȭͷײһ𣬶Ȼõ˾޴һ㣬Щ㵵Уֱƿ赲λϮȥ
ô
ȷ𾪣ıƺҲδ̫˰ɣ
ȻˣǾ
һڶ㿪ȭͷһ˸˵˰׿⡣
ת֮תѺ
һȣĹ˲չ֡
ӿͲһ㳯ӿȥֲƸǼƵĴڳһǿѹȣʵ֮˸ǵѪѡ
ǰδеļѹУʮֲʣзҰް˻
Ŀ£಻ϵûͣ£ԵͣƺɱԶͣЪƵģ

ʹ಻ѵĺţ϶Ѿ˿˿ѪԵ쳣
ףԳܣ
һĨâȻˣǾҵҪ㻹ֶܼã
£ΧٴӿһϢУһǿĺѹ
ƴ۷ɲǣȻ˫ȵת֮תأ
¡¡¡
ɲǼ䣬ֻΧбض֮ǿѹȻӰ׹ڵأ涼һɲǼ䰼ݲ٣ܵǸǽˣһɫѿ˼㣬Ҳѡ
ۡ
Ѫӱֱѹſ˵ϣµǲѪ˿ڣͼûһõĵط
ңſĵطΪģѵѷ쳯˷죬ͬ֩Ƶģ
һΣ˿ľս
ʱ񼸾ȴҲãſǶƵģ˻ܴ֮⣬¶Ѿˣ
⡭
ǰһĻɫ䣬һΪƿһе˿Ĳ֪ʲô顣
ǴӰлƮ֮ʣֵɫѿѡ
ľ죬֮ǿ
񣬽򡭡
Ʈǰû˿ޱȱ䡣
Ż
һѪѪȴ¶һĨЦݣЦˣЦǰңľ졭㣬ȿȡǸɱңұֻ֤֤Ƕʬ壡


1150 ֮䣡
㻰ɫȻһ˫΢еĵٲұ֤
ľ죬ס֣
һæԪһͬ˹ʱΧ֮Ҳٴη׷װΧһɫƵĶ죬һ˫˫۾ȴŨŨľ֮⡣
ŷһУȺսһжǿնɱλҿ䣬𺳻ҼһУЩ֮֡ڿħƵģǿ־塣
ΪҵˣǾô£ȴҲȥӱ㣿
ô˵ʲô
Ƴһܵǰ֣ĵѵ㻹϶ҹѺʵ
⡭
һͣʱȴٴοڵСӣʶȤÿȻұ֤һӶǸ
ô
ԣͻأһĨâϣֺԪ˵ľУȻֻáꡯһȹǱ㱻ֱӲȶϣʹƺһͷ˿˿亹
ףľ죬ң
ּ״ŭȳȴЦҲңǶҪɱˣʲôģ
㣬㡭
ǿƵ죬һľ죬ֻҪŹҸף̾ͰѶ㣡
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ס
˵ɫ󼱣Ҳ˫һУĵΪҲ𣿡
ңֻҪңұ֤öԶʧͬ˵
ܺã
һЦҲգȻô֣Ҳֲˣɱԣǡ
˵䣬Ǳ˫ΧΧڶ֮ɨ˫ޱɱ
ৡ
ûʲôٶһâ̴лɶһҺȺбһ˵׷룬һʬ壬ΧԳ𺧲ѡ
ľ죬㣡
ʱڳ˶סˣ˸ǵɴ˫ۣŭ
ô
²ؼƵʼ磬ĵֻǵһѣٲұ֤еڶȫ룬ֵȪ֪֪ôҵ˸ҲӦܹĿģ
㡭
ò֪˵ʲôˣԱߵֺԪҲǱĿѡ
ৡ
ʱٴγ֣Һֵڶ˺͵˺޷֮Ľâڳ˷׷һϳ֡
ô˵ô
쿴Ƿŭ۾ԼĸˣǹճһаȵĻߣ漴ٴ˫ɱһâֱϮգۼУȴ⣬·ֻɱ׹ɡ
ˣ
ЩҪ˰Ŀ־ŭĿ⣬˵Ļǽĸ´ԴƣҿΧҲаٶˣӦÿҺúõϼˣ԰ɣ
㣬ħ񲻶˵޷ѡټϸղֿʵĺ֢ʱûκε硣
ľ죬ˣס֣Ҳŭš
Ƕħҷˣֵ˭
ЦǽǿйѺв磬һˣǰɣԣ
ৡ
ɲǣµ˲䣬ҺȻĸ֮˲Ǹ˺޵òУ޲ھȥʬΡ
Уǻ˵
쿴˿ǣɱ
ղ˵һμٶֵɲǣεĳ֣Ҳ֮˵
̶̲ӵʱУʮ֮˲Ǹһ㷴֮ûУ
ˣ
ɱ֮ԵôƽĵλҲңҲɱǣϾֻҵˣҲǰֵܵףϧǵļȻǵԸĿǲҲԸ⽻һ޹ʹˡԣ֮ҪĻȥǰɣ
Ļĺĳһֱġ
Χʣµ˷׷㿴ңģɫʮѿ
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ķǣˣǾ͹ֲˣ
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ݡ
â˲һȦ漴ֻŴõͷ­쮷ɶѪڴСĲӿȺѪҺΧǵϣЩûб춢ϵ˸Ǿ֣һֲѵĽ˺üȫסˡ
Σˣ
ŵŵš
ٵĽŲ⴫Ϊׯ԰ڵ˶ʶ˾ûһ˳⻨԰ſڡ
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ּҲǶʱһϲû˵ʲôֱİֵˣүǰ׳գ¶ǰ׳գᱻһֱôƭȥ
ȿȡֵܣ㣬ʲô˼æɫЩ΢䡣
ʲô˼Լ
ЦԭΪһֵýѣȴû뵽㾹ȻһٵңԼöˣ㣬ǺôĵӰ
磬˵ЩʲôȻˣվһ԰ɣ˰ֵ
ã
ͷվһԣʱĻϸ˶ʱɫٴһ䣬ʱ˿ǻ֪ǰľݲ򵥵Ļǲİ׳ˡ
㣬㵽ʲôˣŤͷ죬ҧгݵĺ
ңʸ𣿡
һЦĿٴγΧʣµ֮ɨȥЦ߸
ݡ
Ѹ磬գ۱˲ӦûӦҲŸո°ˡ
ߴΣˣ
һĻϸˣһֵĺס
Ҫ
ҲˣҪң
Ǹħܰ
ɲǣһҵȺЩĽȥһ֣ͲҶͣ
ĵȷҪ˵ֻһΣôΪҶԼȥأ
ңͲֵô
ӵʱ䣬ԭʣµİѾܵøɸɾ֮⣬ֻʣֺԪˡ


1151 ռ
һӾ徻ˣصʬѪ֮⡣
ϸ˼һĻɫ˲ȥֱֱĸоֱԽܣ

ְѣ
ƽЩ˶Ǹֺãֹͷȴȫá
ʵֺγ
Ϊ˽Ū⸱棿
ڰ˴εİ˸û취ˣ
ʼ磬Ц㻹ӣҾٸλᣡһ㲻˵ҾֱӼɱΣ
㣬ħ
˫۱ͨ죬κΣȫ޷˵ˡ
ô㲻ͬ⣿
аЦҪҲòͬ⣡ھʹĴӿʼɣô
Զʱɫ䣬ûʲôܵĿռ侹Ǳ𽥷ûûʥָ޷ƺʱü˲١
ӣ
ûҪ˰񣬵˵֮㲻гǾ͹ֲˣ
壬ġ
쾶ֱʼɫѿ˼㣬Ե־ᡣ
ղŵɱ¾ֶûκŻǵ˼
ˣ֮˸Ӻ

ţҧûɿڵ˼켴Ҫһʱû񿪿ڣȴͻأĵҪǽ
ˣ
ֵȷˣ
֣㡭
ɴ˫ۣôҲԼĶӾȻҲ
ףԲҲĲ
ƺҿһۣɥһûлףѾڣǾǿȥǵ˶ˣ˰
㡭Ҳգ
ɸֵĵһ֣漴εĳ̾ľ죬ҿԽŹһ𣿡
Ȼԣ
쵭ĵ˵ˣֻҶģֻҪȫҿԲɱǣ
Ǻã
һε˵ȷµĵصУڻǴɽϣ
룬үӦ֪ɣǾͷүȥæ򿪣ֵɣ쳯ַԸ
ãȥ
ֵͷߵļɽȥڼɽһ󰴶һ£ǼɽֱһΪ¶һĶڣֺԥĳ˽ȥ
ӺӰͬʱ߸ǴϤ
ǻҪôĥСүң
ҸǣСүˣҲԲӦֿģ
ҪɱɱҪСүһüͷĲˣ
ŭԵüΪöʱɫһĿϣɱʮ㣡
Сӣҹ
ŶһͷɱǿѹƻȥЦ
ף磿
ɲǣʱɵĴһܣƺ˿ڣʹ졣
ʱĶﱻӡ·鲻µǱ׺Ѫۣкüܹɭİ׹ǣϢԵüΪ΢ǶʵԵĻͱЩ˸ĥˣ
Сӣ죡
һָһɲǱ㽫һŵҩִԪΪ⿪ӡͬʱ仯ҩԣö԰ֽ϶˼Ѫɫ

ЦѣһЦ˴˴ε첽ߵߣҪһº޷֮һŵʱȴְ˻ȥ
Ҫףҡߣ
һŤͷʵ磬ȥ˰ɣڻðɣ
ģ
򵥵Ļ֣Ȼû˵ʲôȴʱͷһֱĵǡ
죬Լӵţ
ľ죬ǽˣŵԣҸװɣҲ˹
ľ죿
ֶĳƺɵһ¡
ҲԹԵûжʣ֪Ȼ˼һ⡣
Ȼԣ
ŶһЩ˵Աߡ
ף
ֺԪ˼æСĽҪ˵ʲôʱȴԵҵǽˣǲҲøֵһ
ľ죬㣬㡭
⻰һɫޱѿ
㽻
ɱôˣ˼ʣµˣǳ˹¼ҹˣ⻹ľ컹Ҫʲô
ǸɫѿݺݶʱȴҲ˳ĵǲҲøһȻţȴҲʲô˶õģ
Ļ⸸˸ɫˮ
ǱĿ⣬Ǿǲ֪λش
䣬ȻѾ֪Щ飬ܹƭȥ
ңǿ۷֮ף
һֱŻã֪֮ЩҲٶ˵ʲôϾϵҵ⣬ȴȫһ
Ҳǵң
֪Ҫʲôһǿʵ
ǸģʲôסҪɻأҲ⽫֪ͨ壬ü˴
ô˵ٲδ¸֪ң
Զʱ۾һһɱ˸
Σ
ǰ˫΢еĵĪ㻹ɱôĵӣ
棬еɱѸɢȥæûǸ˼ֱϵð
Ǻǣô
ŵЦȻˣǾ͸ɣֵܶ飬飡
ǵҪ
оԼҪƷˡ
ŹǣΪЩǵܣ½ҲһùǰҵĴڣǲ֪˶ˣҹԹȥôδУһЩ˵֪״ҵĩҲ
磬Ťͷ
ţ
Ȼûʲôǰϸ˵ԵҹһжҵģҲôˣֵϵô£ܼ򵥣е˭վɣ

Ļ⸸˶ʱĬ
һŻ˳ң
ܺã
˫һУҲûʲôֱҽһߵķһ㱻ɳȥɻûɳԶȴֱһֱק˻ص׹ڵϡ
ۡ
һѪָ޷֮ɫҰ׵Ǳֱӷϵ˵
Сӣˣ쳯
ã
ͷ˫Ǻĵ֣ǰɣ㣬ǰ˵˺ܶĺû㾹Ȼһֱƭ
أ
ҧУ͵ȭ֣߳ڵأƺ߲ĲϣûΪҴү磬էȥͬһ㣬߲ѡ


1152 Ԩĩգ
֡
ס֣ס֣
ֵĲ״Ŀѣ⡣
Ȼȴ˿ûֵͣ˼ôȭʮӣԳ˽ٵӣڲͣ
ſڵϣԾڲϵ鴤ʹ಻ѡ
磬ˬˣ
߻࣬죬ٺЦζ㣬ȻҿɾҪĥˣ
Сӻ֪˭ʱ֪ͨң
ûڶϴһ£ˣˬ˾ȹһվã
ţģٺ٣
æЦѣԹԵվһԡ
磬ֵˣ쳯ʼ磬˵
ţ
ףߵһǰһĨʧĵ֣Ļ̫ʵ̫ʧˣΪƾҺҵͻҷɻڴΣ
Ծɱڹ֮ǰҲͬ˽ģΪһֱȥ
ҾֵĵȷȷһѣΪʵ̫ʧˣ
ңԽ㲻ڣ
˵䣬վһ仰ʱԪԼǰſŵֶɫ䡣
ʵ˵Ѿ˵ʵټԸǣ²ұ伣
Ҫ
ּѳðѪݣԵ쳣ߡ
ʱҲǲ֪ô˵һʤ߿ܡ
֮ǰŹǣ޷ǾҪͷֻҪǸӲô綼ؽҡ
ȻǰһŹǡ
ı仰ȴǸоĩյʥ۷˶޷⡣
£һ֪ͨ壡
һƭҵĺֻһҲҵģֲñˣ
ˣһ£
ĵҺͿϮӦĳİɣΣֻǳǸ˵԰ɣ
ѯʣʵĿѾϡ
ң
ϢһָֻЩȻѾֵزûټıҪ
֣㡭
ƺ֪Ļʹ֣ڼϺԵüΪ롭ŭ
ûлشԵüΪĬ

̾һɫή
ıʺϽӰġ
竣ȴʮТ˳ǷҲΪó˵Ҳֵ
Ԫȴһ׼ĻӣƽŮһͷβ˵ӵܣΪƽʮֺãҲϲԪȻЩɸ֣ȴҲûôȥܡ
һֱУԼദʮǢ˽²ûʲô
ȴʧˣ˰ҹϮɱ޷ǾǼ޻Σ䳹ʧȥϲӶ춨Ҽ̳˵ľԵλ
ְ֣һͷƤĶǣ
һҪ˵ʲôʱȴŤͷȥſռӡ
ͻأģʮӰиֶΪ׵ĺȻүүԨ
ôû°ɣ
Ԩ˴ӿмٷ£Χһۣȴ˿ӣǵȷû£ǲһЩ
үүôˣһ£ʵ
Сĳϣ
Ҳ֮Ԩһ
ĳϣԨ
Ϊеļ֮ǲ֪ܲҳԱֲģҵȥ׵ʱҲԨ̸䣬ԨȻκλɡ
𾪵Ԩĳƺ
ƭˣ
ޱȰգȻû뵽ľ챾ҵˣѹֵֻܣʵӦý죡ͷʢһа죡
֪ݣԼͶСӵĹϵֺαЩ飿

ʱڳźڣϧûкҩҲûС֪
үүǷԵ쳣
ȻѾ֪ԨҵݣɶδԼۼԨһΣǰʱ򣬶ҲǾȥТԨģ˵Ĺϵһֱ׽
Сӣ
ԨĶļ漴ССӣ˺һЩ½Ϸ
ã
Ԩ˻Ȼκηԡ
ˣҸҷˣ
˺ˣԨɫһ࣬ɨһϸӣһӺȵ
ǣĳϣ
Ԩ˵ʮ˶ʱɢһ潫ׯ԰ڵȫϵһҲֳһȥ󷨽ׯ԰ȫҵıǣԷֹ˻ˮ㡣
αһֱڷдţұ۵ŭڱ˼֮ǰЩɱУҲҶ졣
ׯ԰ڻһЩûߣǲǲ룬ûоǿƵɱ¾񱻾ҪȴѾˡ
񣡡
˲ˣԨĿڽе
ڣĳϣڣæӦ
ΪҼ֮ǰҲһսͷ޷ڶĿ־壡
Ȳ˵˵һ㣡ƭңδãԨ䡣
⣬
ͷ˵ƺô˵ˡ
޻˵ܺã
Ԩ°ĺ룬ԵҴ£ҲԵ޹ʵȥκһ߼壡ȴӲ£Ҵ˾٣Ѱ·
ĳˡ
ڵϣԱߵ֣ԼԪˣʣµĲ֮ҲǽǺ棬ԨĻУӲѣ־֡
С֮£ǰҹϮɱǵ飬ǲϰɣԨ
ᣡ
ͷӦ
ҷϣҽƱ
ˣǸϷȥͿǵˣ
Ԩ֣ʱ˽סӵ
Ǹҷ
ˡ
ԨӼЩ֮ɨĵҲֻܵɱΣ⣡˷ȥΪϳ򣡡
򵥵һ仰ѾЩ˵Ľ
ôͷģҲԨı⣡ɱѾǷǳˣ
ȴǻȥˣСҲһ𣡡Ԩ˵
õģүү
ǣĳϣ
ֱӦŵԨҲԣһͶԺ󣬱Ǵ뿪ˣ
ʱׯ԰Ѿһˣ
˵Ѿĩյĵز
СӣҲ߰ɣ
쿴һ۲Χʬ壬ҡҡͷŶ뿪صĴѪȡ
ҹ󣬲ȸ˵ұؽӹɵ飡


1153 ԪѪݣ
ϣͶصʱ򣬿ѾȺǣŽ֮˴һЩǵǣΨмͶȫ֮ʣɫź࡭
ү
ӭȥֺͶһк˶ˣȻҲʲô֮С
䵱ڼѧԺУÿ͵ʱ򣬶ÿȥѵǣԶڶ˵˵İʦˡ
鵽ô
ʵүأȥ𣿻УǱʲôܸоǱıûȥ
˵񽣴磬ôòզúŮһˣûش𣬶ϷʵЦ˵
СӣҴǲ
ԣ񽣶ʱһۣǲǺܾûˣӲ
ٺ١
һЦҲ֮Ц໥һֲʱŶʧꡣ
ˣȽȥ˵
֣Ժӣһºžʼĩ˳ÿ񽣶ҧҧɱ¾ʾԵͬ
տʼʱ򲢲ڳȻܹһ԰ڵοһ֮ʱ̲סĵһЩ֮С
ΪԼȻôࡣ
ڳжȻû˵ȴ˵һˡ
磬лл
ĸ򵥵֣޷ȫʱĸж
Ƕѣֵܣ
׶룬Цļ򣬵ˣŤŤˣʲôʱ䲻ˣȺúõϢһ£ϢˣҲָˣͻȥҲȥ磬ȻСӿôҲ޷ķɣ
ȻǾ仰ԵϷ֮⣬ȴҲͬŨŨģ
صͷӦã֪ˣ˵꣬뷿Ϣ
ʱȴǺͿҹˮĻУɫ»ӳ£Գء
ү£񽣹һھƣʵ
ţ
üף֪ΪΣܾҵƺûô򵥣
ô£һү㲻˵үүԴ˹ѵ⻹Ҫ˵үˣ񽣵
ܾЩطԣ
ҡҡͷԺвϳ֮ǰһ;ɫԵޱȳ
񽣼״ƲƲ죬ԹԵĹƣʱʱȥһǵľգǺˬ
ˣ
˴żӣ͵һԼȡ
ۡ
ȻĴȣѿһ⧲֮¾ǱƸǺһ£ƺ«ûȡ
ү㡭
񽣲ľˮҪ˵ʲôʱȴ˫΢е˵һ˵֣Ԫ

ƺûʲô̫ҵﲢ޶˲һ糣
ʱ֣ڳԹ緹֮뿪
ұֱŲձᱻȫӹܣЩҲǲʲôϵ
뿪Ϊչ˶дƣһ·ϻУϾҵҲˣҲ̫Ļʲôͻ״
ֻǣںͿ񽣣˵Цڼ䣬ȴԾЩ˼Ĵ󲿷ֶǹԪ
ʵҲԼ롣
ҹֻǺȻԼɱ¾֮˵ʱ׼ɱһ̣Ԫƾŵɫ£ȴԳƽһ˫ƺֻȲ
ʱΪȥ۲Щû̷֡
ϸϸⲻò˵ȷһ˻ɵ
ˣҶˣ
찵˦˦ͷЦүү˿ѺӦûµģǸԪʲô⣬Ҳ£
ʱ뷨˦¶ɵЦݣһ仯񽣿У⿴ƺ񣬺ĻĴҲ֮һЦ˽һЦݣ㲻ȥЩȥ飬ĵĻǰš

ĳϣ
ڻصɽΧʱĿڡ
ô£Ԩʾͣ£ʵ
ҺȻһܣĳϹ
ܣǻȥ˵ɣԨ֣ĵ
ĳϣң
εĵѾѵĳϻһˣʲôߣܺҪұֻĳһ˵
Ԩ˫΢УĶҪˣʲôƣ˵ġ
ðɣ
һԨߵǰ˵ɣ
ĳңԵ
Ƕ˿
˰֣Щ˳˿һЩԨϣ㲻ҪƭңҶȻúѿ
ĳ˵Цˣã˵ܾǡ
ԽԽС˵ɲǣ͵˫۱ó죬ȻһǿҵѪ⣬ںܿռ֮ļӿһǿĳߵԨȥ
ã
Ԩɫ˲䣬ɲǼˣͬʱִԪǹɳ⡣
ɾͬһʱ䣬ȴǺȻԭʧѪҲ֮ðԨǹɳ׻֮ѾʧӰ١
ȻͬһʱУഫһҺԨæŤͷȥ
ãԭڿѺүԪǸ֮ѪҺʧת˲һ߿ݹǣԪҲ֮ʧֻǱԽԽѪ⡭
ףܡ
ֺҲЩסôҲ벻Լĸ׺ܾȻֹصİ취ߣ벻ǾȻˡ
Ѫݣ
Ԩ˫һУɫѿ
ãΣգ
ܿ죬Ԩɫһ䡣ҵı𣬾ԭӦΪԪѪܣ϶ǻȥ챨
֮֮ǰãΪԨ׷ɣѰһ䲻ܡ
ɽΧҼִȻԨɵʱ̣ȻԨϵˡ
ǽ˴ȥϼӿܣ⣬ȥ˺ᣬ˺úð
Ԩһ֮˷Ըһ󣬱һֱ˲Ʋ
ͻ䣬˭Ҳû뵽ġ
Ԩﵣ֣ǳķ˲ƶȥ
֮ˣԨķԸѺֺ˼ȥء
һߣǵٶȺҪΪöܹٶȻָԼڼս֮ƵҲҪϾľİڻָſ¾ǿ߶һȵù
ȻֻٶȣȴɸĳӴȥ˻ᡣ
үүʲôã֪ˣһᡭ
ĴȻˣԪѪ飬ͷҪ׼˵ʲôʱȴǺȻϴһġЦԪɢŵѪֱӳǰ
үүھǰã֪ģ
պôǰˣƲƲаЦôұٱٿû뵽ԭǾȻѪĹĻľȻ㣬Ԫ


1154 ԪѪܣǿɱ
ң
ĻԪһģͫ׶Щĵ˵аȻñ£һ㽫ҵмƻȫңһ֮ңòϣȷͷ۰ˣ֪ͷ۵ĵ˻ô
ŶҵԸϴЦ
ܼ򵥣ɱ
Ԫʼ磬ЦֻҪǵ˶ɱͷ۵ĵˣҪȾͰɱȻҪ˶þͻΪĸ󻼣٣˵𣿡
ҺͬĿ
ͷֻǣʣ֪үɷһͣ
ʱ䣬ԨϼһϹ
ԪüһۣȴЦҪҿԻش㣡мұҪ˵һ£ԨϼһǸϲˣ
ʲô˼üͷһ壬ȵ
Ǻǡ˵˼
Ԫʼ磬ʱɫ䣬Ѿźˣѵүү
ģʱû£ԨϼһˣҲõϢģ
ԪǺһЦתԵˣˣȻҿɲұ֤һܻش𣡡
ԪһۣǿнжүүĵǷһЩһ⣬ΪʲôҪ֮ѵһֱĻٿң
Ⱑ
ԪЦҵǿԴһ㣬ش㣡
ȣ֮أΪҪĻٿأҲ԰ɣ
Ԫô˵ʱֻش𲻵û
ɲ˵ϸһ㣿ӣƺѾڽ˰ɣѵĿһЩҲԣ̽Եʵ
˼ԣԪҡҡͷʵڶˣ

ҲЩʧ̾һתվԪߣһֱû˵ɨŵûĻĸףҲѾܵĿ˰ɣҹ̸һ̣ʵѾˣ԰ɣ
ţ
˻ԪԭϵЦݺȥһЩһۣЦаȻ򵥣һӾͿЩϧǵˣҪȻһϣһ
ˣЩ֪ʡ
ȷҵĿƣңѾҵѪܣ
Ԫʼ磬ĵȻˣôҲð·˰ɣһ𹲸Ȫ̫įģ
£ҲûԪʲôԵ˫Ѫâһȴֱӳڵλ˹ȥ
񽣣Сӣ
ɫһݣԥĻǧýǰӭȥ
˿̣Ҳǽ΢һЩԪȴûиʲôᣬֻһ˽ǰֱӳĿͷǿѹ¡
ʱԪ˾ʥʵÿ񽣶оѹ
Լģ
һԪֺ󣬱ֱӳؽԪɿļսһ
ҡ
ɫأڳŶʵĿ
ԹԵ˺˰ףҧǰսţ촽ҧ˶޲
ʥʵֺͿ˱
ء
ս񣬿񽣶սԪ
սգۼ䶼˰ȻĽ׶ΣǱ߻ãϾѪܣܵԪĿƣ˵Ѿʧȥʶս֮ʱȻʹȴû鶯챾ʵҲҪ߳һЩڸһûãѾռϷ硭
ɿǱߵξͺ˵ˡ
ԪĹǹ죬ƺÿѪҺתͣһ㣬ټԪչ¶ʵʥң˵ڸ涼Զ񽣣ÿȫγһֱľ棡ǿǡѾˡ
ˣֵܼʱҲ̫ôȥʱ񽣱ضԪС
ȻҲǼӴĹȻٶ˼£еʵȫΪľܹնɱѪܣȥ񽣡
ء
ǿƿٹУ񱻴ýˣ﷢ͬħްĺһ˫ѪɫӸӷ죬ȻѾŭǳ
ϧĹˮһ㣬޷
ȻѪܵȴޱǿӲǧýϻһ˺ۣѪϵȴ˿ûӰĶƺܵʹ֮࣬ǰׯ԰ڵսȻγֲͬλ桭
Ҫǣƺһ㣬ȫ˷أеתɹ¾ٶٿ죬һӰʥ۷֮ˣҲܵӰ죬ιûʲô̫Ч
ǧýЧ˿ڴѪ޷ֹһֻҪʱ㹻ĻֵܹףҲӦÿѪ
ֻϧԱԪǿƹ񽣵״ܸôʱ䡣
Ĳٵȥˣ
ŲԶ񽣵ƺߣ˫һкâ˸μٷһЩɫȻֵȵƽն
ৡ
ʮ׳ľ޴âžŶƵļƣѸײڶٶȳǱƽԼϮȥ
䣡
ӽ񵲣ȴǾϮͬʱŶըѿ
أ
ĺǷҰް˻𣬻¶òһѪˣɳչ¶ϢһЩ֮⣬ûܵʲô̫Ӱ졣
Ѫܣ
״˫ֻۣһɱ򲻿ܰ
Ǿ
ǷɱȻ־ٴȵٱ䡪˫ն
ٿ䣬ХܿռķӿƵĳǰϮȥ
ͬʱӡٴȳ
죡
𼼡ս죡
գۣϮ
ϯһ㣬ſֲƣλȫΧһһֻذĿֲ
̫ǿˣ
׿⣬һĻ˫Ǿ
뵽ƽһ죬ٿٷϲѵ죬Ƶģ˴ĵ֡
𣡡
ֻһȣȻײһ
䣡
ء
ĺԼƬصľҲλͬԭӵһ㣬һɿֲȻڶиͬҰްŭ𡭡
ƻڵһ㣬ֲĲĽǽսȴŭԽԽѾײ
΢е˫΢һЩΪѾоϢڣ
ǿƣޱȵǿƣ
˷չֵһ֣ںضܵӰ죬ֱš

Ѫܿٱǿѹſ񽣹ԪȻһѪ˳乥Ҳһ˲û˲٣԰ףһ˫Ťгޱȵķŭɱ


1155 Ԫǿ󣬿ռ飿
죬㾹ҵѪܣ
Ҫ
Գޱȷ̬ԪۿʱնɱĿ񽣣ζȻһâڵλϮɱȥ
ٶ֮죬զ࣡
׵ľ룬˲Ϣ
ϣ
˫һУӽ񵲵˲䣬ֻһɾϮβɵó󷽷˺ԶԪȴûֵͣ˼總֮һϮȥ
ΪѪܵıܵһ˺ȴԾԵǰͣûκηŹ뷨
һĺǿ
𾪣ֹǿȾǱҪǿϼ֡
ԪĹƸΪ죬ܹѪҺתӰ죬ָоܲս˶Ͳ١
ټϣԪʵǿַ񹥻У쾹Ѿ·硭
ү㣡
챻ԪΣ񽣴һ𣬱ؽ˹

Ԫоĺ磬ɵɫúھ˿ȥ͵תѪʢɲǣһǿѪâϮ˲һֱӳڿǰ
ϣ
䡭
һ죬¿ؽʱ񵲣ȴҲ޷жȥǹĳ˾ԸٶȵɶȥΪʹ࣬񽣵һǽһţֱԳܡ

ԪѪâһֱӳ˿ȥĿ˲ƶȥ
񽣣Сģ
״һҪȥԮѾˣ˲Ҳһ
˵һˣ¾һ룬ҲĲ𡭡
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һȭһȭ޾ѪɫʵʵĺڿΧԪϣ

һԪֽ٣ڿУÿһֵıٶÿ񽣵Ӻݺݲһ£ڸҲһνһεܵ𵴡
ۿһԪֵ𣬿˫ͫԪȭͷȻ
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Ԫһ£̰ſɢĽ⣬ùȴ˷ˣ

Ԫ˫ɢҰްѪ⣬ǻȭͷԽ֮ղŸҵԴȥ⣬ıеĻ¿񽣵Դһֱѡ
ԪĶң
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ղͨȭͷԺ䣬ȻתеԪˣԵ·磬ֱͨ۵ĽӴʹݣѪҺܵ˼Ӱ죬תٶȾƽ˽һ֮࡭
˿̣ڶԺ֮Ԫȴ΢˼ͬʱ󣬶ȶκȻѾָֻɢѪɫâ΢΢һЩȴܹԵĸоԪûܵʲô̫Ӱ졭
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˵棬Ԫͷ촽Եǰɲ
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ԻĶ̶̼ӣѾָ˴룬ֻװ֮ǰӣԪ޲
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Ԫ˫һУѪɫâʢչ¶֮ղŸҵĹƣһѪ㳯켱Ϯȥ
˴ιȻûԵƱֻȥܿռ䶼ڶֵɲǱȫɫ˲䣬Ƕһ¶Եּѡ
ֹˣҪתԪѵɲǣԼڵѪҺԪתٶȶ͵㣬ǱĺˮٶȱޱȻһ

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Ԫ죬һ˫۾ͷ·ڿʲôζʳһͷŶǰĹâ

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εǣܿռ侹ٴα
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1156 λӰԨϵ
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쿴Щɾһ˲䣬ԪĹȻعɲȴɫΪ䡣
Ȼ͵ΪԼǵʱ涸ȻɢǿĿռϢȫֻ۾һȴǱ˲Ƶ˰׿⣬ԪĹ˿մ
޴ĺƬغݺݲһ£췽վλúȻһ׵ľ޴Ӷǵ˼˼ֱ𺳡
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ҪǣԪûио˲ƵĿռ䲨֮ǰֹŹֵĿռϢ
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ʱȷԪĹˣ콫ƿһ˲䣬Լû˶ܵʱ䡣
ĸоһα١
һֵ鷢ˣûʲôٴγڰ׿⣬ʱһռ䲨û֣·챾վһ
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ڱȣǰȥǱߵ˶ֶ飬ҲûнǼϣ˭ĹصռУѾͷһԲʯͷȻͻɳ˵Ŀռأ
Ȼǿռ飬ôҵǸȱ˽еֽӦǺöɣ
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ŤͷȥԪվڲԶѪɫ˫еĿռ飬ھŭͬʱԵ̰
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ΪʲôҪ㣿üëһ
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Ԫûһ㣬ԵǿӸңҽһȻɱͬõ
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⻰첻ЦȻ˵ֺαغ˵Щ㲻Կ
죬㲻ҪԼԪʱһŭ˸Եɱ
ɱ죬ռ˫ַϣԪҲŹǣ
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һЦĵԪԪ浱ɵӲɣ
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ۿŹռϰ׹˸ٴνԭأȳ֮ʱ֮ǰһ㣬˰׿⣬ԪĹûκá
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񽣺ͶվԶǰһУɵɫŹֵ˼㡣
ƽǵһμ
죬бı㣡
޹УԪֿڶ˳ȻѾ˼㡣ԶԶȥͷϺ񶼱ð̣ЦȴԽſ񣬳ŵ⡭
Լûб¾ɱҰ
һ˵ʹԪѪһߵĺΡ
죡ǲɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
ԪϵţҲڼǿÿۿҪʱȴֺȻ˸ȥֺ޹ɵ˸Ԫȫ޷ԤУҲֻĿһνһεĴӱɱȫûʲô취
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ʱԪŭлţȴǺɫһǴӿռϸоһʶĴ䣬վԭأ˲뵽һޱ״̬
ͬʱΧ֮ſռϢһС͵ĿռֺХ
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Ԫķ쳣ɫϲһеʵһ̾Ѫâֳһ޴ѪɫâڵλüϮȥ
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ԱԶͿ񽣶˼״ʱһҲ˲Ԫжǿֱӳǰ˹ȥҪǰ
ҹ
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񽣺Ͷʹѣ̵ı˫ۣǵӶڼٲš
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ȻѪɫâһɲǣȴͻأ˫ۣоâһޱȳռ似λӰ
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һӣԭʧѪɫâȴ˿մһ޴ĺУ֮ղŸӳ֡
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Ҳûʲô޵ĿռУʱһǿĿռ֮ƣգۼǽѪɫâڵĿռȫâͬһ㣬ֱֱͣ˰УԪӡʼնûκǰߺ˵ı仯
漴âǱռ֮ȫɱʧӰ١
ô
ԪĿɿڴ֡
ֹŹֵǵһμš

ȻһɲǼ䣬үүԨϤүү˲ƶ˺ܶ࣬Ϣ΢˲٣ȻǲžһսϹġ
үүû°ɣ
ûȥԪε𾪣һԨԽסͬʱͨľΪָڵģԨ״ۿɼٶȻָš


1157 ٴν
Ԩô㣿
ԪԨɲǣҲ֡
˿̵ɫѿ˼㣬÷·Ҫγˮ
Ϸ򣡡
Ԩİ»ָ˺ܶ࣬һ˫ƻǵ۽ԪԪΪİô޷죿ĿԽϷأΣ
֣һһٵĴԨ˵̺ɱ
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үү׷ʲôüʵʱ񽣺ͶҲ£ͬԵúǵǡ
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Ԩһ˵룬ӦԪѾ׼ΪľǷֹȥ׷Ϯǣĸʥ۷ʥصһң
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Ԩ⻰˲һ
˵ʵ̫ǿˣ˵ǷҪǻĻѾʬ޴档
ԼүүԨȻԴӻص֮ʵ˼ȴҲֻʥضѣҪʵ˷Χһܹʱĸϵֱеޱȵ𺳡
ҵôˣԪͻأʵ
ϷȻܹԼΪأԨЦŻص
ⲻܣ֣ô㶼ס϶ϼһа֣ԲԣԪŵغ
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Ԩ˫΢Уâ˸ĵԪ־ܣϷȥ򡭡
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ȻԪӶݿȷѪµˣԨôҲ벻ȻѾԪѪܣǸһֱҸûʲô̫ǿԪȻѹ˵ʵҸղŻɱԼ۰ӣ
һ㣬ԨԪɱһ˫ƻǵ˫˸ױȵıɱ
Ԫ
ԨȵɱȻ
˵Ҹ˶ˣȴûһ
ԪЦϼһΪʲô

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ֻͨĻȭȴܿռĲֹڲ䣬˱Ѿ˺öغϣԨȻȫûռκϷ磬Ȼ˫ʱĽҲֻ˵ƽɫ
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ĻԪʱſĴЦ˳ЦгŸӵĲм
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첻ʥ۷壬¾ʥأԪʥʵҲ̫̫ࡣˣʥ׶οôһ仰ţʥأһһ죡
ÿһصĲͻƣͬôѣ
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תѺ
˫΢Уһȡ
Χ糱ˮһӿѹǿѹԪɫȻѣЩѪɫָһ˲һЩէȥͬһ޴Ѫɫţֲ䶯ĸоȴ˾ﷺŻ
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ռ似λӰ
ץסʱȻȳ
ৡ
ۿѪɫּȴѾԭʧͬʱԿռƶһǿĿռ֮ЩѾ֮ǰλõѪɫȫ𣬶ԪʱҲ˫һģҲ֮ǱһεƵģеĹƶһȫʧ
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ԪһȴѪʢɲǣμٷˣǴǹнѳȥ
ȻɫѾѿ˼㣬ԭƺҲʱ١


1158 ѹڶɻ꣡
Ȼ֪쵽ʲôֶΣԨִ֮ǰԼղŵЩΣ˵ԪвǺ޵ֿ֮ĳЩܹһʤ㣡
һʥ۷壬һٶʥء
ǽԪıܣ߻ɱĻôضԴһ漣һ漣
죬Ҫ
ԪΪŭ޷Զ˫ǱѪռݣҰްķ
Ҫ˶ˣϼ
ǹճһߡ
ȻԷʵȷǿʱȴԽԽġ
ˣеδ

ŭУԪٴӳѪ⣬ΧʱֳһѪɫâÿһһǰĹ漴ԪĿ£ٳ֮λϮȥ
Ѫɫǵһ㣬Ԫ˽֮֮ǰ͵ƣ
תأ
״ɫȻӡͬʱȳ
ɲǼ䣬𵴲ѣĿֲѹǿ˷ӿѪĳУЩȴγһʵķ֣ľ²ϼѹʮĿЩѪ𽥼٣嶼ûܿ
ͬʱΪóǿƵԵʣڵҲΪأľĸɫȴԾԳ˼ֲ԰ףϾڴ֮ǰԪǿƳܵƻδȫָ
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𼼡ս죡
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һΣԪսУΪ

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ĦУѪʧƮɢ
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ûлش𣬻˵һֻҪǰԪɱûлش˼
ݵһգۼɵԪͷϿգڰ׹âֱӷܵĿռ䣬ЩڰâżǿѹȸУԪֻԪܵ˼ƣɫ쳣ŭ
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Ԫŭѣ˫ӡ˲䣬ѪðϵؿͷϷǿѹ
ΪʵԵʣԪ˷ǺܺõĶסĹƣѹ½ƷһЩܵЩڰâѪָУ޷ӽԪӣ𵽵ЧҲȫԺԲơ
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ڶ
˫һУƴ۷ɲǣԥȳ
ৡ
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⡭Ƕľĺڶ࣡
Ԫѣôͬʱӵࣿⲻܣ
ʲôܵ𣿡
ԣȴƲƲ죬Цֻʶǳªˣ
ڶɻ꣬ȥ
ûж˵ʲôӶڣĺڶͷޱȹϢǰԪӶȥ
ɲǼ䣬ԶĿǶܵӰ죬ʱһ㣬ΪĿԪȴɫޱѿԼΣԺδˡ
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1159 ѩƵ
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Աߣľ·ҪƵģ
ǵڶֱࣿ
뵽ղԪľɵɫҲúǹ졣
ʶôãȻ֪Լӵ˫顭
뵽ղԨѣĬĬûжʣ֪ܣй¶
ǿ˫డ
Ҫ֪ˣ¶޲ýǿúüһɣ

ڶأ֮ʱԪĲҺȴԽ
ֻԴҡΣѪ⽫ֳһεѪɫϼ룬˺ѷεԵһ㣬˶ëֱ
ԨЩο
Լı֣Ԩǽ
ʣһһܹ֮㣿
˵ߣҲǰ޹ˡ
ԨӡУϹʱڿ¶ûһܹȡ
ڶɻ꣡
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ԪֻԼһΪƵģһǱ壬һȴԼ꣬걻ǿ⣬ҼҪڶɵĸоֱԳܡ
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˵ҪԼѩƵСӶʱ˶ͷĽһ漴ٴСһţüŰɫƶԪΧγһ󷨣֮ǰǵɫԪװΧ
һɲǼ䣬ԪѪٴδʢ׼ȷ˵ӦһѪɫ̣·޾һƮɢӣҪԪĲҺȴǽ֮ղŸ

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ԪоΧİ׹вʧǿ־һ컳еѩƣӦ˿˿Υ档


1160 ѪѪᣬʹ
һή˰
ʱǰһĻĶ˹Ƿߺޡ
ԱߣүүԨͿ񽣶Ҳ߹Ǳ׹֣µѪݱ֮µ˺۵Ԫȴûж˵ʲôΨдڵɱɡ
ʱԪϵϢѾ΢˼㣬ûһõĵط˫ǶѩƵĿ־塣
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ͷ˶ٺڸ˵˰ɣȸ˵˵ѪµҪ˵㲻֪Ѫеݺ͵λӦòͰɣ

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ܹӡħƵģٶӦħʦҼп߼ϾӡħƵѶȣ֪׿Խʣħʦĳ̶ȣɹӡħơ


1161 ֮ˣٹ
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УϥϣռɢռϢǰɮ붨һ㣬Χһ㿴ŵĿռ֮ƣԳ
ռ似λӰ
ҲûʲôκȻԭʧһ㲻ϵسڷ䣬ÿһӰɢһط
էȥͬͬʱⷿƵġ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƿڵ趼׷ױռ̧֮𣬺һ˫˫Ƶġ
ȥʮӣ»صϣǷڵĲӰҲŻʧƯڰеİҲ¹鵽ԭλŵĿռ֮⣬ƺŵһжֻá
ף
һȴ˫ӡǡת͡Ǻͬһʱ伱תԭƽϢһЩĿռ֮ҲٴŨ罭뺣һ˷ڵķӿգۼ㽫쳹װ˿ͣЪķ׷ӿڣϥӾһһӨ׵Ĺâ֡
ռ飬˿ֱͷϿգļתţƳޱߵԡ
Ҫͻˣ
ɫһϲȴǶʱӴת纣ɰٴһԥΧЩϵҲ˲۷壬˵۷֮ȴûͣ£Ȫӿ㲻ϵײ
ڣȥʮӺǵȻơ
ֻһ˶˲һ־磬˸ĵطЩӿԺҲڿռ˲ٴν뵽붨״̬
ʱͻˣ
ʥ۷壬ͻʥأ
һ޴һŵͻƣ


1163 ʥأټ
ʥأ
ϲãʱȴƽΪ˴ͻȶ磬ýΪ粻ȶʲôΣ
ȻһҲǱҪģʲô˶ˡ
ʱһһĹȥʥصʵڳȹ̣ԭҲȫȻգͷϿյĿռҲķɻصǰ
ͻˣ
˫ۣϲɫ
ʥ۷ܾãҲ˲ٵսÿսľۻټռİڽ뵽ʥصľ磡
ţӦһһˣ
Ȼǰһֱǡ
ͻƣȴƸչһƬµգŸȥ
ռ顭
첢δżǽǰĿռУȥĿ˺ü顣
ʼЩţ֮ǰȥôһԲεʯͷȻĻ˵ڱ֮͵챦
ҵĴ֮Īռ飿
ĵЩɻ˼ȥƽ͡
ռǳҴ֮ĻΪƵĴڱȲҲǳҵŮһȷѰ졣
ռ飬֮һ
飬飬ľ飬ԼڵĿռ鶼ѾϣʣµĻӣ컹ܹҵֻӦʱ䳤̵ˡ
ɣȱ˿ռ飬Ͳ˵ȫ룬δһʧ顣
һǳƣһ顭
첻Цһ£ε˦˦ͷ
ף
Ȼһ˲ռƺ֪룬ʱĴзɲǱǿҵİ׹ƶֱӽȫ
⡭ô£
Ŀɿڴͬһʱ䣬ȻһԺз·𱻹䣬ַƱĳεļ䣬һģ壬ȴֺϤļ仭Ժвչ֡
ͬʱǿռ龹ֱûڣֻ̫֮УĿռ򲻶ϳ֣ʹ쾹ǲٴν붨״̬
ԺУҲʱ˸ոշߵľƺ«ɵɨһڵλãͷզˣѾͻƳɹզֿʼˣ
ʱ˷ӿ׷׳ڵӿȥ̶֮ŨƿҪҺ̬һ㣬Ժоγһֲֳơ񽣴˿̲Цѵ˳Ժ䣬ΨΪӿӶıչʲôõӰ졣
񽣣ô£
ԨϹüǰһӿüչѵչģ
ţ
񽣿ЦŵԴŵһζһһʮĽ˳ԨЦãСӣչضҪôĲ⻹ǲ󷨵ǰ£ȻСӻýԺӸˣ

ʵʵûнӿڡ
ˣ֪ˣ
ԨһЩӿ͵ֵȥ˽һ£ǲҪ̫ţ񽣣úõĶţҪʲô쳣Ļ֪ͨңչǳɹʧܣԳ£
İɣ̫үף
񽣹ԹԵĵͷӦŵԨ뿪˿ԺڵûмԽԽǿƣÿ񽣶ȵòòٴԶһЩ
үүҪɶ
ڵϣһ߹žƣһ߶Ժ䣬ǿЦ
ʱ䲻ϵţڿ񽣼ƺ«еȫʱЩʧ
һɳƴԺб񽣶һĿձ֮ƺ«պãɫȻĳԺǱȥ쳣֪ͨԨǵ
Ԩ˵ܳɹʧܣǾԲµģ
Ȼÿ񽣵ĵ鲢ûз
ۿǳڳϿƶƮɢеһҲ˲ƽ
ƺš
񽣽ضڵķţ˫ȭգɫΪء
֨ѽ
Ŵ򿪣Цݵ˳
ף⡭
Ժ䣬ûһõĵطüԺǽݻ٣Щȡ
񽣣ʲô
쳯֣ûĵôˣģ
үɱԩɶΪ㣡ߵǰɥ̫үˣ̫үȥ͵Ļһ˶Ҫ
ô£
һеһȫ˵ʱڨЦһ£ôҲû뵽ԼĵڶͻƾȻ˴Ĳ
ˣȻһ±ǣ˦˦ͷ
ү
񽣴ǰȥٺЦǲͻˣ
ôô
춪һۣҡͷȻǣֻ֪֪үɶʵ
ڡ
ԳаЦڿ񽣵۾УٺЦſָͷζһ¡
ɶ˼
һ˫ͫʥذɣ
аЦĵҪˣ֮ǰʥ۷զô͵ʥˣ
˵˺ü֣Ͳ֪ô𾪡
⻹Ĺ򣬾ʹʥ۷嵽ʥأ
죬൱꣬ʮĿ̿׶첻ƭԼ´Űɣ
ˣ߰ɣҶˣҳԵ㶫ȥ
ſЩ͵ӣûϴһ£㳯ȥ
үȵȰ
񽣼״æ첽ϡҲûٶչصľҪжԵѾʼˮˡ
ǣǡʥءĸдţҪ˶ñٴα

Ѫᱻңܹٴ֪ʲôϢҪҵֶˡ
Ѫ֮һ٣ûô򵥣
Ҳ֪϶ЩʲôȴȻõĸ׶ľصĴţع鱱򣬸ȥѩɽׯ
ˣ
ŵĵһо
Ǵſ񽣴뿪Ҳ˲ԪģǶ˱˲ƣаɷŶûлȥֱӵִ˷ѩɽׯ⡭
ׯ
Ϳׯ԰ſڵʱ򣬱÷ѩɽׯׯվǶһˣЩԹЩЦһЩĳ鴤һ㡭
ôˣ
Щ죬ʰһ·ҵȥԵʮɻ
ˣλǿ񽣰ɣһֵΪ񽣣һȻͬѰ
ЦĿſһ䣬ֵ£
ׯˣΪ
ЦЦҪ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻԶʵһһŮӰĸĸľضˡ
ľƽҲ֮𣬡ׯμ棬Ժգҽģ


1164 ĸ飡
þò
ڨڨǰһк
硭
Ȼһ˫з˵Ứ
һһֱûϵϵԭˣ
Ѿӱռнѣֻ˼һֱûϵԼѣϧԼÿ춼ڵȺνǵȵĻлˡ
ô£
ߵľߣЩĿŸ׺
ߣϵȥ
ľһȻСʵڳ˭أ

ԨڨڨһЦԼĸ飬֮ûʲôһֱ֮񲻸˿Խ
磬λɩӰɣһŬƽʵ
գȻӵĴţӻԲŻϹׯ԰ſǸӵһĻ
ŶˣҸһ£
Ԩæǰһֱ˵ĶľأҲɩӣض
Ԩľ˵ʲôľȴǾֱߵǰһĸղŵߺ֮ɫ֣ЦСɣʮ걻Ҳ˵ƣллˣ
֮ܿȴԳֵ裡
˶ľصĻɫһ漴ǿЦɩӲؿǴã
ԣԣܹãĸأ
ľЦŵͷΧЦѩɽׯĺܺðȥι۲ι۰ɣ
ɩԸ⣬ҵң룡Ӧ
ããߣ
ľֱ㳯ȥںԼˣûκǡ
ϵ⡭
ЦõĽĿߵĸ
Сӣϣ
ûлشûĳһۣſ첽ǰȥһͷߡ
ôԼҶЩأ
Ϊĸ߳ʲô飬û;Ϣһµֱ˲ƹȴĶ뵽֡Ϸη
үȥˣ
ͷЦаɷҲԶҪȥǱߵ㣿
Ҳã
ϵԼĸ˽£Ҳ׿ͷĹǣͷʲôȥ֮ʯĽ̽ڷѩɽׯϢŸңܾƺҾͿҪһˣ
ٺ١סˣ
ԳһĻʱһЦЦиϽ̻ɽķ˲ƶȥ

ϵ
ڷѩɽׯ˵ָ£ܿׯڵһ߼
ĸ׶ľغׯȴǺͤϣûһˣǵ£Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôȴûʲôԳֺг
ϵô°
ߵվɫŹֵĵׯòҵĶɣ
ͷ
Ļû̧ͷһ£СϵӣʲôׯýһСã
ðɺðɣСǰɣ
ڨڨһЦȴƤЦĵϵСöЩһˣԴ߷չׯŶСöҲͬˣǲ֪Ķӣ

ͷӦڶϻɽʱѾˣΪǸʱұסҪܳһʱѣҲʱ㣡
ѵΪСϲ㣬Ų֪֮ĹϵϷʵ
СӣҴǰɣ۾һģûĵ
ٺ١˵ˣ߳ŭˣ
һЦεһ̾뵽˹ĳЩ飬ɫúǳ
ϵ˵ģ
״ɫԵС֮ûʲôƺܻɰ
ûʲôҺСֻ֮ãȻҲ֪˼ϧһֱҵоֻ
³һԵСӣ֪ҺСõôʶģᵽ𣿡
ٺ١ϵ㶮ңаЦŵͷӦ
ʵҲûʲô
ϸֳһĨ֮ɫСʵҲǻԪ½ϵˣһǺһԲ򣡲Сǿ޸ĸҲȻһҵ˼ϹʱڵĶĶ󲿷ֶøܹﵽ̶ֳȣ
ҲںСʶڼ䣬Ǵûһ棡
Һһ飬ʶΪޣҽ¸֪ССȴ˵Ҳһֱң
Դﱻ⹫ǿдҲѰңСȴһҴѩɽׯΪѰĸ
ʮյ죬ҺȻӵСĴţ˵׼ȷϢԡ
˵첻ЦŻȻʧ٣үүҶΪ⣿
˸Ϣ
ҲǿЦһ£쵱׵֪ЩҽǸұȫˣ
㰡
һĺ⣬ε̾ˣЩѾȥˣ
棬ŷһҵ壬Ŭܣһռѷ죬űǸռУһֱȵĵ
ϵȻ㱻סСϵƺӦÿʱ໥ϵİɣ첻ʵ
Ҳ֪ô£
ҡҡͷüڤڤ֮һصϵҺңǸռ䣬ҵʵҲȻ㣬˵嵽ǻǸ
ԭ
컹ǵһϸЩЩȻ֮Уͷһֱڵɻ֮һǵõԲĽ͡
ģ뵽ʲôյǰЦôϵΪСʶǸǻأ
Сӣҿ㡭
Ҫֵ̧ɲǣľص˹˵ʲôأ
Сӣ˵
æ˻ȥ쾯ĵһۺſӺ̤ͤˮĶľˡ
ҲǾȲѣΪڵĶľغȻЦ棬ǣ֣俴ɴڵһĨ̺죬Ϊ⡣
Լĸ׵˽˵ˣԼϵŮˣ㲻ֱɱҲԵôгɣ
Īǣлʲô
¶һԵӣڶľһƳڨڨһЦæԱһЩ
СӣҪǸ͵ôʰ㣿
ľسһּۣһ罫˰Χ

쿴ĿЦã罫еһȫΡ
ʱ䣬ҪƿҲûʲô̫⣬Ͼľزⷽġ
ȴȫңֻʵʵվһԣǺˮʢԼʱʱԾ鶯κ͵ľٶ
ڣܾãǽڳ˿Ҫ׼˵ʲô֮ʣľȴֵСӣ


1165 ټ̵

쾪ȵĿŶľأ˿̵ĸ׺һˡ
ǰԶľص˽⣬ȻԼ֮ʱʮ磬ΪݵԵʣǰҲһʮǿƵŮˣӦòܳӲŶ԰
ׯûдϿĵλͬʲô췽ҹ̷Ƶġ
Сӣʲô
ӣľﲻ֪ʲôһ⡣
ãã
ͷ첽ߵ˽ǰһʱȴȫûΪһׯ֮ķ緶Щκɬ

΢촽ȴǱľЦŴϵòôСҲĺӣֱӽˣԼˣ
ԣԣ
Ц˵öԣֱӽˣǰ֪ĹϵһЩĵطﲻҪһʶԺзԸضǣ
ðɣҾͲˣ
һŮӣȻѾȫ˵ֵõ˶ľصҲܿнѳʼһС
ٺ١
ЦͷʱԱߵȴĦ˫֣ڨڨЦݡ
ڻһͷˮȴ˵ûиоǼٵģϾһŮԹ޻ڵΪ㸶ʮഺ껪ڱĬĬΪһУֻҪǸ˭ܲжأ
ֻǣһֱľռţȥ֮ʷѿУԲŻʮԺڵһĻ
Ȼ֪ľغ̸֮ʲôҲԲĻ
ԴԺҲһò̫ʱҲһܻܵá
һ˶ҲԽ
ļʱ䣬һӱס˷ѩɽׯڣҲȫׯڵÿ춼Ͷľڸй䣬˵Ĺϵ澫ȴǺõͬ׽һ㡣
ֻηģǾͲܹ֪ˡ
ÿ峿ԼϵЦ֮ʱͷ͵Цѣüζץס˼ÿÿϷʵ˵ϵ߳ŭľغ˸ЦѣЦͬʱȴǺ֮ǰǰɬ֣ȴǸֳŮ˵ġ
գһͥԺкСƵʱһӰ첽
ڷѩɽׯڵˣ֮һѸ
٣
ΪԼ֪һЩе飬ѸĳƺҲĳ٣Ǹ׽֮⡣
ԭ°
ЦŸѸһƣ˵ʲôôż˵
л٣Ͳˣ
ѸӹƱһЦԵһ˵ˣ
Ŷҵˣ
һʲô˰Ȼܵˣ
˵˵һ֪Ѹص

ɲѣôߣɣͷ½ˣлˣ
ٿСȥ죡
Ѹذѿ˵ľƱ£ʵĳȥʱǴһϮɫȹ˹
ٺþòɺðĵһۣЦĵ
٣ģСȸˣ
ѸǷ뿪Ҳûһƣ֪ǧңкιɣôˮҺúôţ
ڵˮңΪҵ֮𣿡
ﵹǲԼһһڣ춪һҼǵСܵɲô˰ôڽˣҽˣѽ˼Һأ
ȿȡ
ĵĽݣ첻һڨЦ˵ЦˣǴĵˮҵ踺أ
Уһ⻰ûһģ
ƲƲ죬֮һǰָһι촽ڣǵһЩĩȴǱֻǰ£ޱߵȻ֮⣬Цá
˺ˣˣ
ģСŮһľ˾죬ûȤˣ
ȿȡ֪ˡ
н㣡
˵ֱ꣬Ӵϵ
ðɣ㣡
Цһ£ż˿϶Ҫµİɣ
ûȤĳˣ
ﳯһۣ漴ιר֮أ
֮У
һʵʲôˣ
ֲˣôŵأ
һЦ˶ǰʱѳƵģԿǰ𪽿۵⣬ҺٶѾһЩѾ̼ĿҪѪˡ
ȿȡ㣬дͱϷŪˣЦ
ðɺðɣһ㶼棡
һƲ죬漴һںĳһйεƵģɵǰ
ǣɻ
һôѵûѽһаɷ֮а٣òûɣľϷЦ

Զʱһۣ˭֪Ǽ
ԼʵĲ˼òã
СܵܣŶ
Цѣͷߣ棿
ţ
ûֽӹǼɲǣȴǴоһΪϤϢɫʱһݣɵóȥƽĵ֮ǰȷûв´˹ȻӦҵ˰
Сܵ˵ʲôأҿŶգ۾Ľëᶶһȫ׵ӡ
УȻ㲻Ը˵Ҳʣ֪
ʼ磬̽еļڡ
ʱԺжһĻ棬Ѵڼڵݡ
УȴһɫӰǰǰ㿴ݣȴȫȷǾص̣
ֱֻ̻̫ˣҲйһ飬ȴδõκõϢ
Ψһȷһ㣬̶ûκεĶ⣬Ҳû̫ȥע˳Ȼ
ԺѸٵĸֳ˵һС
ݲֻ࣬һѡ
ȴɫȻ˼㣬µϢԳֱ䡣
ǰﲻü̧ͷоɢϢеɱƴһϷڼСܵת˴ӵٵħƵģĵײЩȻ
һų³һָƽģʱʱ˸âȴ˵񣬲濴ôƽ͡
СܵܣɲԸ߽㣬Ǵ浽˵Щʲô̽Եʵ
˵أ
һаЦš
ˣҲ˵ˣоͲаɣֲǷ֪ɣ
磬漴ΧЦõܵܣòһߣѵͲŽ㵽ߣ
Ȼ԰
ԥЦֻҪԸһҲδɣ
Сһⶼûеļһ
ʱƲ϶ѾµҲܾôģ԰ɣߣˣҵѾˣͲûĵĳܵˣߺߣˣ
˵ţߣҡҷ֫ҲԽͳׯ⣬΢˫ٴοеļ֪ЩʲôɫΪء


1166 ̵ɻּĪүү
ʲô
ľصȻڶ𣬽ӳ˼лѹ
ϵôͻˣ
ʲôͻˣ
ľû̧ͷãָѾ𽥻谵ȥʣԼڷڶʲôʱˣǲʲô飿
˰
쾪ȵĻΧɵÿЦѣȻһ˲һ硣
¾ͺ˵˵
ȷе飡
ü˼Ƭ̺ԵϵߴʱһЩû˵һµŮӣӦú󣡡
˵˶ټһЩݹϵĽ֮ģ
Ůӣݹϵã
ĻľĲ⣬ҡͷ֪⹫ôһŮĶʲôãòħ˰ɣ
Ρ
Ŷľػ׼ֹԼûзգʱķһۣ˵أ
Ҳ
ľصȷǴû˵Ůӣ㵽˵ʲôֱ˵һ㲻а
Ҳ˵ףԼһͷˮ
üǸŮӺأһֱҲΰˣҽ̣Ϊ͵ԹҺͶľ壬ΪؾŰֵģһֱΪǸӦǱߵأ
ûУû
ľʮƶĵˣҲ֪ܲ磬أ
㶼֪Ҿ͸ˣ
˫һ̯ʼѻܹҺͶľĻôǰᷢһˣҲصǶʮ꣡
Ҳǣ
ľףȽǸ̵˵һ飬ܴܲѰҳʲô˿
Ŷã
ԣͷһй̵Ϣ󣬱һһʮĽ˳
䵱Ϊǿз鵤˳ͻʥϢ󣬶Ǹ̸ӵĺϾ¾Ϊ۷֮߶ľƣҲô󷽵óֵҩ
Ǹʱ컹ûʽĻعһ߶ľ壬ԾУҲȻóã
Ǹ̵ȷûκζ⣬ӦǾڰ㣡ľֻǴ̫أֲ֪ǺȲѣ㻹Ǻٴ㽻ĪǷˣδкô
ţģ֪ģͷӦ
Ǹ̵ɻ󣬼ҲûȥģҲûнյõ̵˵˵Լĵֻǲ̫ൣİˡ
һԹ֮ȥԼķϢ
ڶϣŵԹ緹˵Ҫ뿪ΪᣬȴҲûǿϾѾСӣҲĻҵһֱǡ
ߣݲȷǿ϶Ҫһʱȥ໥Ǣ
Ŷľغ棬ý˻һ¸飬ǵӣҲδΪݣôҲΪʶȤˡ
뿪ѩɽׯԾ£ҲͲĳаɷڵı̻ɽȥ֮ľҲԶôһ·ȥҲ˳·ϵķ羰ҲԳ̬֮
Ȼ뿪ѩɽׯûãȴǺüͷһ壬ΪоȻ˸٣ʵʮǿ챾ó٣»ֲˡ
ʲôڸң
һʲôûֵӣ̻ɽķ򻺻УȴѾʮֵľ񣬾Ǹ֮ʱпܳͻȻϮ
Ȼһ·ۿżִ̻ɽʱǸ֮ûɻ
ģı˷򣬶ţƺһ·׵뷨
ǵѣ
ѣô᲻һ·٣ǵˣ֮ǰкüγֵĺûᣬټ˵ʵôֻǸأ
˼⣬ȴǺͣס˽ŲȻѾ˾
Ȼ֪ǵѣֱһ㡣
㲻ǶԷĶ֣ʥصʵҪȫ뿪žʥ߰صҲˣ
ѣôãһ
˫оâ˸Ե²ֱ˵˸٣ɲһǿ߸飡
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컰£ԭΪǸ֮˻أȴû뵽һϤ漴һߵӰ֣
Īүү
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ĪүүһֱʲôһΪʲôأһЦ
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еϷ֮⣬Īүûĵһۣ΢ȻĵҵȷǴп˼ҲʶʶаɷŵĻɽжû뵽СӾȻңǺǡ㣬ʵһ˵
£
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ľĪүӺյͽܣȴҲ֪ͬǰüĿĪүүʵϰƿ˺ܲƺҲʱڲ²⣬Īүүƿص֮۷廹ҪǿһЩ
Ȼֻǲ²⣬˻֡
ǣ
Īɽҡҡͷ漴˵Ѫµһݵ㣬лѪʹµĻ֪ѾѪ±ɱĿ꣡
Īүүƺʲô֪أЦ
Сӡ
еϷʣĪɽ鵱̧Ԥ켱æЦĪүүϼ˵ɣ
㰡
ĪɽЦõҡҡͷٴȻ룬ҺͶľĵλӦ֪ѪµɣҲ׺Ѫ쫷֮ĳЩԹԹұҪ֣صĸһ䣬Ѫаģ޶ֻҪǶԼչκ飬Ƕ᲻ϧһд۵ȥɣ
Īɽһ٣һ㻵ǵ飬ɱǵˣѪǾԲŹģҪСģ
ллĪүүģ
ЦŵͷӦʵڲеĻҾͶһ߶ľȥҾͲѪµ˻ܹȥǶɱң
⻰˵ġ
ΪǰĪүүԽˣҴ˴κȻҲԲ濴ȥô򵥡
ѵһ棿
ĪɽЩʱ򣬸ԵĻҪԣѪ²һӶðˣڿɲһˣѪµıҲͬô򵥣


1167 쫷󽫣
ĪɽĻɫһĪүү˼˵Ѫµ˻ȥԸǣ
пܣ
ĪɽԥĵͷӦѪ֮޶Ϊ˴ﵽĿĸ伫룬֮ǰѪʹЩ壬һѪ½һĪַܵ˲ɱ
Ѫ¡
ҧĲܣ˾ռ˾޹ֵܺ͵ð
Ѫ첻ǱھȪ֮ҲĿǵˣ֪Ѫֻôĸɵ
ȷǸ
ĪɽƽĵĪүүƲ㣡ڵʵҺͶľһ𣬿¶ѪҲûʤ㣡
ŶΪʲô
üëһĪѪ¾ôǿ󣿡
򣡡ĪɽɫȻ³
Ȼһ𣬾˵ʲôѪǿߣ
أһһ
Īɽͷ̾Ѫ֮֮ˣҸȼͻԪ½ϣǵ飿

ĬȻǿߵǿɲܹġ
ҲҪ٣
˷ӣĪɽģԵǿҲˣֻҪûͻһҲԲǲսʤģȻҪսʤǿߣͱҪϵ򣬱ضᱻѪƣ
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ĪүӴ˻ȻüëһЦĪүүԭҵ˼ֻаɷţʵѪ˵ԺԲƣҺͶľΪ̣Ҳ
Īɽԣȴǲɵÿһۣ̾ǲڶĪүүɣ㣿
Īүүˣ΢΢һЦ
Ȼô˵ԼȷڻɣĪɽҲ֪һ㡣

Īɽһ֪̾ĻɣֻˣʲôⲻֱʳһʵشΣ
Īүү㡭
һĪɽȴ̾ҸղѾ˵ˣҪϵһԸѪ£֮ǰҲӦԴϵ໥¼ɣѪأ
Īүү˵ǣ
ͷ漴һ֯һ㣬¿ڵĪүү֪ƣѪԼ쫷綼ϹʱڵĳѪº쫷ں֮Ѫ±֮쫷羹ȻʧӰ٣
Ѫº쫷ǶͷνһɽݶǴ⣡
˵۾һĿĪɽһۣСû´ĻĪүүӦ쫷ɣ

Īɽ鱻Ļһ£漴ף˵Ĳ쫷󽫣
쫷󽫣
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Īɽ黺ԵڼͷѪһ㣬쫷ڵĵλ͵ͬѪʹΪ쫷󽫰ˣ
쫷統У⣬Һ쫷ҽԼ˴ߣѪѪеģ쫷ڱûλã
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Ҫˣ𽥻ָϹʱڵΣ
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ĪɽԶȥӰҲһ̾󻺲뿪

쫷󽫣ôĵӣ
Īɽ뿪ķ·;УһͻأıŮȻ
ʲôˣ
Īɽɫһ䣬ԭзеӼƮ䣬ĳȥ
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Īɽ龯ĶˣĪһֱڸң
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Īɽ鶨գļ䲻ϷȻ˽쫷󽫴֮ʱҪĵ֮һ
쫷󽫵УӦʶң˵ĵ
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Īɽͷ͵İڵأĪɽμˣ
̵ı
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ҡҡͷƽĵ쫷Ǻ£Ϊ쫷ӦеĴϵ
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󣬻һ㣡
ͣƬ̣̻ɽڵλãǿԴ͸ռһ㣬úżԺƹ쫷磬ҽҲʱعˣЩ飬ȲҪ¶ĺãӦҵ˼ɣ


1168 䣡֮䣡
쫷Īɽ˵̸֪飬һĻȻ˵̸˽⵽һЩ˶֪ء
ʱ죬Ѿϱ̻ɽع鵽аɷڡ
֣ѣԼŮѾȥ˻Ԫ½ԴʱסԺ䣬ȴԵüΪƽ
˿񽣺֮ǰһԺкȾ֮⣬ûˡ
̧̧۾ȴվûվ
ںȣ˵һ쵽ôʲô
һƨڿߣһѽƺ«ùཹཱུĹ˼ڣûĵ
ү㣬ȫˣǰһĿ񽣼æ
һ졭
Զʱһۣһôһ«ƣ»û˵ɣ
ˣ㣡
ֹ˼ڣһĨȥǵľգƺ«˦صϣſְ˽ŵĽס첻ɵùһЦˣ񽣣һ⣡
ʰɣԹԵĺžƣӦ
ĲȥԼң
Լң
ԣһȴǷһֱߵľƺ«ӿ˺αϣŴϸֳһĨЦ
үһȥʲô
񽣿ֻ̾ǵҽطʵҸϰ߿֣ҵҵһж˸ģҳи֮⣬Լʲôϵ֪Լʮа˾ԼҵˣҲѪ񻯣ҶԼû˿飡
ǿΪļûԳǡһġҡԵüΪֻɫԳ˼ֱ
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ģ
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ſкε˼һЦȴ漴ɫпܵĻʵһȥϾһʧȥ˺ܶˣȥ֮ļָ
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Ҫ˵㺩ǲϹˣ
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ȻЩû˵̫ʱĿȴһ˲˼
ͷһ̧ͷȻӦãʱ䰳һȥҪڰаæ
ģһᰲźõģ
ͷڴ֮ǰ㻹ҪһЩ͵񣬴ֶһˣ׼һ£ȥɣʱ仹̣ÿ˳·߿
ãˣͳ֪˼޷Ǿÿ֮ȥӶԼܹע⵽
Ȼ֮ĹϵԲйȥ
֪ǹϵˣҲ࣬ҶֵεˣֻⷽҪԺ΢һ£ټҺͶľȥڣžûܹó

ڶ죬ˣһߵġ
ţò˶೤ʱ䣬񽣵ᴫ￪ȥҲֻƻһˡ
Ͱɣֵܣ
ſԶıӰսȭͷصǰһ¡
񽣣ε֮һ
ټݣõѡ
˵ⴳΣգطֻصԼңҲضΪԼΪжд̣ǸʱΣջŻոտʼ

߿񽣻صڲãʯԼĽ˿첽˽ǵɫΪأ˵ѿ
ôˣһͷһɲ֮˲
ڤúͬʱ̽һϢ㿴˵ɣ
ʯȻѵĽֽݵǰššüӹֽȴǶȻɫ˲䣬žһ´վŭôܣ
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Ҿ䣺ͶжԣŭԼĳԨͬ񣬵ȴǽȨϣĳȫûá
Ͷͬʱжԣֱš
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ɫޱѿֽãſʯĽ̶ˣʵʲôǿϸ˽⣿УжʲôΪ
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ʯЦһϢ̽ѾȫɽķԲ֮Ҳǽֹκ˽
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˫һݣѪΪǾ̫ˣǶܹ͸˼ͶϣôΪʲôһӽгȫ¶
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ʯ磡
һǿзӵ˼ǿѹȥҼ̾ͻȥң֮󣬽аɷԱȫɽȫ
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ʯףĽȻû˵ʲôȴ¶һĨġ
ҵ飬Բ濴ȥô򵥡
Ȼһʵϸаɷа٣ҷϢȫǿԲػȥģٿװʲô֪ӣϾڻû֪ͨ
˾٣ǸΣյУڽΣյжأ˭ܹ˵أ
֪䣬ĽϵĨƺɢࡣ
ֱ˲뿪Ľ죬ȴʲôû˵
ΪаɷõĽȴҲףߵ·кཻܶȴҲпռĲͬ
ϾĽĪɽĪүӵĸŮ

аɷ뿪˼һûнҷ߸ĸһ·ͣЪ˲ƣܿǴӱ˲ƻص򣬲ֱӽ뵽ɽķΧС
ʲôˣ
׼صʱȴһΪǸӳȵϽ߿
ҽС
ü̬˺ܲ
ȻԷϾҲҵˣǾһ£û˵Լ֣ǶӳгһâȵҲʲôˣٲ뿪ҵȶ㲻


1169 ֱӴ룬Ƶ
ӳнֻǸŵľŸѲ߶ӳ֮һʵڵԪҲǿԡ
ΪһŵˣںܶʱǺٻġ
غɽҵ˼󲿷ֶ棬ټûм죬Ҳ֪ݣԱ㽫쵱ˣ˵ûһ
Ǹÿ
üȵҾһܲãǿҲǿ֮˵Ļֱºˡ
ÿСӣԴˮǰɣ֪֪ʲôطȻôүÿǲǻòͷˣ
ŲѵĴЦţеĳɢź⣬Ҫֱ˼

ʵûǸ׳ն໰
ǳһ󣬱㾶ֱǰȥ
Сӣ
࣬ŭűֱӻ賤쿳ȥʱµʮŻҲǷ׷óԼıһӵϡ
أ
ƺʮ˱Ƿ׷ʹŵڵϣԵı˦һԣ½Ƕû
ң֮˵ķݶ飬򵥵ǸղΪϰٴˡ
űϵ֣ʹڵϲϷǿ˫ѡ
Сӣˣ
ĮҧִӻͳһԪ̻ͬһУſ
һټ֣ͨɫǿд롣
׳գ
Ƴһۣ漴Ҳûٶ˵ʲôֱ뵽صС
òϣŵЩ㾡ְҪֱͨӽ֮ʱȴϰٸܿ
ŵ˲ţΪһǸûʵҲԼйأ˭ԵĲ߻
Сӣ
ץס
ˣ
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У콫ʩչ£Ⱥд˼أǼԪȫ޻֮ڵأһƬĲҺʹ
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ǣСӣˣ
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Щڵϵ˷׷׳ȻŶĿ־壬ȴûʲôһ㵹Ϊ͡
ֻǵԼĳ˵ǵ˵ʱ첻ɫһ˴ӵڵϵȺ˳
Ҫʲôſ
ٵǳ⣬˿Уȴûһ⡣
Ҫɱˣֹô
ĿɨЩˣѰȻȴٰļ֮С
סҲǵˣ
ſˣΪһ˵һ䡣
㲻ǵˣΪʲôҪ˺ôˣɺӣ̬Ե쳣ƽ
ȻֻеԪڵʵȴ֮ڳκһҪõöࡣ
ʲô֣ûлشתʵ

ܺãҼסˣ
ͷҪ˵ʲôʱȴӰٳ
Ϊ֮˼ǰһĻʱɫ䣬ɿʱֱޱȵĿЦֵˣûˣȻȥ
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ûΪ֮Ż涼֮ŻҪǿϲ١
˵ڸʲô
ûߵǰϴһ£ò׻һˣĪŪ
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ͬûĵһ˼Ҷ˸ˣҽͱֱӺɱģ˵ô죿

Ļ㵲ѵŴ죬˿ΧˣվǰȴǷһĺʹɵƵġ
ô£üЩһȻˣǲǻòͷˣ

ĻЩ˾ŲѣһĿ죬Ե𺧡
ˣС¶ѣ߰ɣ
˰֣к㳯ǰȥ
ߣˣ
һЩֱֱۿ΢ԶһЩ΢һ
ɾʱȴͣ˽ŲһתĶЩٴνᵽɤ۶ͺֱ֡
ң첢ûǣǳ֡
ԸԸҼţʵ

һֱԵüΪƽ⻰ȴǾȵ˫ͫţ˿ȴһĽ
ʱοͣ
ô㲻Ը⣿ü
Ը⣡Ը⣡лعͷ
ã߰ɣ磬Ҵһ˼ţʲôɣͷʲôŤͷʵ
ϻһһۡ
ðɣϣ
ʼ磬ǴһͬţҲռС

ȥĴϣĳϵλãһֱӳƵķȥ
Ͼڽֹ˲ƣǴҶ׵ģ
ΪһҲԲΥ
Ƶſڵһкֱƿرյĵ˽ȥ
ৡ
ɲǣĿʱǴŭԼĳϣҲүүԨ
㡭
Ԩŵλʱ¶ЦݣŭЦУȴ˫΢Գֳ
үүǲǳˣ
ûԨ˵꣬ʱ˵Ͷ϶жˣôûнⶾİ취
ϢǺͨ
ͬûԨش𣬱ϵŭЦŵǷ̷Ϣȴû뵽ԶڱȻܹһʱ֪Լ˵ĻϷҪǲڼˣ
⻰ƺڿЦȴҲֶĲ¼˼
Ϣܱ֪һôĸϻŭ棬Ҳ
˵ЦˣҶ֮ˣӦûʲô԰ɣ
쵭ػصʯĽ̵ĵУԴж鷢ƹҴȨԨżֲ¼ɵĻȻҲʲôõ̬ȡ
˵Ĳ
ŭоâһЦŵǼȻѾ֪Щ飬֪к뷨ҵڴ飬Ҳĸ߼
߼ҵ첻ֻһˣ
ƤЦⲻЦĻһ䣬ԨʵүүѪǲˣ
ǣԨͷ
ͬʱŭȴź룬ֵȻϢͨĺܰѪ֪ܶˣϷ˵Ѫᣬǲ֪Ѫ֮ȥδ


1170 Ѫ
֪ϴԺ⣿
ŭĻɫһĵĪǴΪһǸѪһ
ǧҪᣡϷ޴⣡
ŭЦЦϷ˼˵ǻѶѪѣ֮ǰ𣿻ܹ֮ǰֻƬУпܵĵط԰ɣ
ŶԭСˣ˼
ǷǷĵҲû취κλشΪҵȷ֪
ǺǡҲû취ˣ
ŭٴЦܹĻһʱ֪ͨϷͶ϶⣬ϷҲʱĹߣҪ취ΪǶ˽ⶾҪѪץȻΪҵĸ󻼣
ˣ
쳶˳ǣЦأҲΪϷֵһЩϾѾҪʲô˵Ļ񲻳ҵľ޴ʧ
⻹ǵһαʾ뷨ʱŭ֪Ӧ
ˣ
ŭƽĵ̫ᣬϷΪϣԴҪĵطϷҲģ
⻰˵Ưɲǲ뽻ѾеȨ
ҲڰЦ鲻ĵϴԲӣΪһλ볤ϵͬȻһЩھ鷽ȴŲκˣ֪ΪȻ񣿡
ǣǣаɷϷҲֻǼ϶ѣ
ŭһ䣬ȴֵҲΪҪаɷţ޷ģϷҲûۣ
׳аɷţĻ̶ס
òϣһͷϺ꣡˵ˮ©ΪԷƵģ첻˫һУĿǰĴһۡ
ҲգȻ϶ô˵ˣԺҪˣЦ
޷Ϸһ۵һЩΣ
ŭЦЦһϱڵĻҳֵæ϶ҲЩˣǾȻȥúϢɣϣĳϣ飬Σ
á
Ԩ˵ͷ˵ǵͷ֮ǰŭԹԵ뿪Ƶõ˵ɫΪѿ
ԴӼͶϳԺŭչֳҰġ
ȻڱϿƴСں壬Ԩ飬ʵÿĶ
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ϣ
ԨæЩ֪ͺãҲʲô鷳ˣҪƿȨȥɣҪ취ͶϽⶾ
ϣүүͶϵкζѵҵû취ʱüʵ
û취
ԨЦһ£漴Ե˵ⶾˣΪֹкζŪ
ô
һұóϾǴϹʱڵ۷壬ӦŪʲôزǰ
Ҳϣ
ԨٴοЦҡҡͷһͬ̾һԵüΪΡ
ǲȥ
ȻҲóⶾʦҲ˽һټƽҲҽһЩҩ֪ʶҿԿһ
ͬû취
˫һ̯һĨľâ֪ͶסԺӶܵĿûŭ˵ͣЩ֮ǲǿģ˵ȥˣ
ʲô
Ļɫһ䣬λԳϵݶУ
˭ŭѾƹҵĴȨأ
ǲ޵ߵҿѽ֮λ˵׼鶼ǡ

û˵꣬Ԩʱϵϣû֤֮ǰҪԣ

嵹Ĳٶ˵̾һֵˣҲȻȥˣ·Ҳ϶࣬ȥϢϢɣڼͶǱߣ취ɲԲŭ͵͵Ľȥ
õģߣ
뿪ԨүҲûƵô㳯ԨסԺ仺ȥ

ҹ٣ҵ˴󲿷ֶѾ磬һЩΪǰδбյԵʣȴڴշת࣬þδܳߡ
ͶݾӵԺʵڵģͰжкܶĸʱ̾裬ôŭĻ˵ǣҪ֤Ͷսϵİȫٸ˿ɳ֮
ûŭͣҵϵʲô˶Բܿ
ҲͬԨλϣȻҲ϶졣
ȻҹУһӰȴƾǿСıƽڵԺ䣬ûκβ
̶׵ľ룬Ӱȴǻ˲һʱʱ䣬һִԺǽǽǣЩﰵֻĲ䣬ҹڻһԺ䵱С
ɢȷڷӰǰУӶ˿ռƵģûЩκεĲ
뷿䣬Ӱ¶ݣǺˣ
ʵ֮ǰʥأ»һܹϢǱ롣
ŵߵߣڴϣеüͷһ塣
ùŹֵѪϢ
ʵڸոս뷿ڵʱŵЩڷѪϢ˿֣ⷢѪȻǴɢȥġ
һ챣ƽڣȴ˲ɫ䡣
ÿֲĶȻڸʴѪ˺ںɫ
ڣûһõĵطüľʴˣˣҲΪˡ
ֻ״𽥱ʴԵҲѡ
ʲôĶ
üͷ壬ǵһμֹĶأȫһͷˮ
ˣһطû
Ȼ۾һȴǽԪѪܵУ׼ȷ˵ȥ̽ѪҺ
ȻŹ־ѪҺ棡
һӦһִδ˵ѪͬѪҺأڵⸯʴȫҲҩĻ²±ᱻʴһ̯ѪˮʱҲѾˣ
ıޱѿֹѪް취
ˣȥϣ
ܿͬİ취ȥڵķ䣬ϸ۲һȴǱһЩȻҲѪҪȼһЩܹһң
ǣڵ˵ºһʲôأѰҩǵҲǳˡ


1171 ׷棬֮ԣ
ΪһصУԼԺ䡣
صǸԺʱȴһӰȺǣһԡ
ˣ

㣿
˼ǹѪЩ죬ʵô
ǡүԸڴ˵Ⱥ򻤷ػص
Ŷ֪ˣ
ͷϣֵˣҲôţ˵ɣ
ǣ
ķԸУ̬ŶԵ
ȻĲ֪࣬ȴǶ಻ʤΪĿеľż
ˣ
棬Цкδ㣿ȻҿԴţҪΪҵľȴҪԼŬ
ҡԺڻң
ԥƬ̣ǿԵ
ң
һ£û뵽뷨
ǵģ
ɻվĳȥ֪ԼԸƧó˽ʣŵʱ򣬱Ǳ˹
Ȼˣ֮ǰΪʲôҪΪЩ˳ͷЩȴЦ˵ӦòͲŶԣѵͲĶɱ𣿿¾ˣҲΪκѹİɣ
һģ
ҡҡͷصȻһ򶼲ôùңǱϾŵˣǸʱҲ֪ݣȴע⵽Ȼȴκɱʵ֤Ҷˣ
ܺãǳã
Щ򵥵ķԼεΪ֣Ц˵
ǣл
ӦŵԹԵվδ£վǰ
۲񣬷Ҳܲܺã
ͷֵи⣬ҷشúãҾʹӦңΣ
뻤ʾ£ƽӦžԵš
һѣڼеλܸߣȴȻһֵһжһֵȴǳû˼Ȩһʲôʵĺģ
֮˳˼Ƭ̧̺ԵҾֿܣ
Ŷ˵˵
һǸ˴Ȩ֮ΪȻֻϵģȥҲпܵһ֣
ԵҾֽ̫ԣܵģ
ôڶأ첻̬ʵ
ڶѹľ֣ΪľĻ֮ˣ⡭
˵ţȻȴִϣǹ⣡Ѻֵܵȷ˶ΣڵϦ
ˣǱǵֿܣڰΪҴӦǾԵţϵ˵ĵһֿܡ
ŻԵǶ˴Ȩ֮˰ΪĻǸ屻͸ĳֲ֪ķʽ¶
Ҳôģ
ףʳָô棬Щ֮⣬ǷĿأ
ʵ벻ˣյҡͷص
ˣǾͨ˰ɣ
֣ѡסһԽ˵Ժ͸ң
ǣлԣʱһϲ
ˣȥϢɣ
ǣ
ܿ죬ѡһķȥҲԼλãû˿Խ
ݺüͷǾƺԼʲôһʱ侹벻
ףǲǴΪ
󣬾ֱ߻Լķ䣬ڴϣʱѾ˯˹ȥ
ɽҹ˯ôȣξ·˼Ͷ֮ʱĲ״üͷûչ


ڶһ磬ո𴲵ʱǴ첽˽
ҲǹؽһүŹԹԵĻط
˵磬һզզʲôأ
ûĴӷ߳һԼһߵʲôǵүôļǣĪʲôǿŲɣ
ǿиͷ
ĻûķһۣͥԺеϣ˵ⲻ֪Щʲôι˵ˣòҴææĻһõϢ֪ɣ
Ϊ֪ʲô߹ȥ£ʵ
ҡ
죬ȴǼæ˿Χյǰܣ㵹˵˵طʲô飿ͶϾȻͬʱչأضˣǲʲô飿
չأ˭˵ıչأһ
ϰ
һ䣬漴ȴǹŹֵĵֵôѵͶϲǱչأ
˵ڱչأ
ûʻüͷٴνҪʲôѵǺֻţ
ιܣˣ
˼ӣ˼ƺŻعûʲô
ûʲôͷ㣡
ͷߣ漴ĵˣҲˣõ֪ʱȻ֪ιһ˵
ʲô
֣Ǽж˺üİף
ʹ˻۶ƽǶһ֪
Ŷ
˴ԣʱüëһʲôˣǴѡνģ
ǣ
ʹҡͷУҲûǣô˵İ

һԵӣ磬˰нǼ˼Ҫ֪ǵһһÿ˶ٴβҪһ
˵ˣҪʲô⡣
ˣ磬ҲˣͰ˵ȥɣ
첢δ͵İ˰֣̬жϣһԼĸоɵöķԸӦ
ˣҵȻͷԸĸȥ죡
ӦºȴǶ˶ٺֵܣɽ򶼷ˣǻ۶Ͷľľͼ顭
Ҳ
Цѵ̾һλҪͼһ£ʲôʱȥľһˣ⹫˵һ˵ͼͻ۶飡ϴҲֻһţûϸ׼˭룬ͶϾȻ
˵һ٣Ϊĵ˭ǾȻչˡ
ˣ۶ôʵ
ðɣֻȥûͬ⣡Ӧ
ɣ硭
ʳָô棬û۶ƽվߵֵܽһһˣҵ壡ǵãòҪˣҲˣ
ϣ
ԣһϵɫЩ죬ƺµʲô
ˣȥɣ
ûʣǰֵס˵Ļһ㣬Զֵܣ
ã
˵ֵܡֵĺ壬֣صĵͷ뿪ˡ


1172 ڴû
˼⣬׷˶֪죬ۣƽԼǵϵֵܽõ˵Щʲô뿪ڵԺ⼸Ȼű֮ǰûʲôͬü˶ǴֵģʵڻصԵԺӺһص
ȻЩǸԵĸʱ˿̣ڴӱϿȥʮƽУȴǰһزΣһжƿаԽš
㵽ʲô
ԨǲĳֹŹ֣ʵ
Ǻǣүүȱ𼱣Ҹͣ
ЦŲԨڷУִһ󷨽ԨɻУԸһм˵һ飬ԨȻɫһ䣬Ī㡭Ȩ𣿡
Ȩ
ԣ쵱ƲƲ죬үүֲǲ֪ҵӣԼаɷŶȥܣȨʲôֲֲܳܺȵģʱһúõأ
ôΪʲôԨü˵Լӡ
Ϊ̽
ЦĵҲ˵Ϊ֤ɻ󣡡
Ԩ
ǣ
ף԰ЩҶڰģ֪ˣҲʲôɣϾЩ˶Ǽг竣
Сӣǡ
ԨЦã˵Ķͷ󣬰ֵˣȻˣǾôɣССһ㣬ͶϵѪµΪҲǵĿ꣡˭СӶ˼һݵأ
Ǻǡүүģ׵ģ
΢΢һЦ׵ߣүүûںǰͬ𣿡
ͬ
Ԩһϸһۺ󣬶Ȼǿƻǵ˫â˸Сӣ㾹Ȼڶʥˣ
ʥأ
Ԩ֣ŬһԼ˫ۣⲻε£ʵһ
ʥأ˸ţ
ϰԼȣԨۼֲֿ֮ʱǲ㽫Ӿȵĵڵϡ
Сӣ治֪ô˵ˣ
Ц£ԨЦҡҡͷ˰ˣԼŰɣʥأȴҲСѪµЩˣѪѾܣʮ֮˾Ż鷳νǹ׶㰵ѷɱ﷭
үүģ
ŵĵͷүү󣬱һͥԺУԭϵЦȫʧɫȻ˼㡣
ǰѵ⡣
һͶеĹѪ
ڶȻ֮ǰүүἰģǸ˵Ѫᣡ
˵ûڼ飬춼ţ

үڳ˼֮ʱ˹
ڣ
쾪ȵ̧ͷڵϵУΨһһƽɫƵʱǿƽսܣڴӴ֮΢ƽϢһЩûھȻ

ǣ
ܿ죬£˽
ڼǷȻ̬Ȼ㲻ȴоһ˿ޡ
Ͼһֱĸ֮Ȼսܣȴһֱﲻô֮ǴԺ࣬ΪһֱǱҪйͷĲ
ɣ˻˵ͬ˳ֲҲֻѹĵס
Ͼֻˣ̬ôãȴҲʼ޷ȫΡ
ض񣡡
·ʲôûƵģЦŵ۸ҲֳˣƽҲûʲô߶֪ճ۸Ϊ£
ػҹһֽҸڵ
Ŷ
ԣüëһʲôˣ
֪һֽҴߣ˿û״ҡͷص
ֽأ

ǰֽݵУ˵ʲôȴû˵ֽ˼
ֽϵݺܼ򵥣Ҳѡ
ɽ͵䣬ѣ
쿴ֽϵİ˸֣ɫޱȹŹ֡
۸磬˸ʲô˼˻ֽʵ
֪
ںܿҡͷ֪֪أ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦȻ⻰ЩԹ˼ȴװʲôû
ˣ֪ˣл۸磡ͷպֽЦ
أûʲôԸҾȸˣ˵꣬תҪ뿪
۸
סڣҿ۸ֹʲô˵֮ǰѾ˵ȻǰȷЩ϶ΣǶֵܣҵӵܣϣ۸лֱ˵
ҡ
ϵĻɫԥ˼£죬ȴԾû˵
ô۸ĪΪСǼ֮ˣ
ЦˣԳ۸㶯֣ǰкܶλᣬô֮ô˵ȫǳģңҪ˼ά֣ܱס۷֮׵ĵλ˵ô۸磿
˵öԣ̫ˣ
ĳֿһҪ׼˵ʲôʱȴǴһ󼱴ٵĽŲˣ
Ԩ첽ɫΪѿ
ڲμĳϣ̹
ԭڰض񣡡
Ԩ˰֣˱仯ȥƵ
үүô£ʵﶸȻһɲ
ȥ˵
ã
Ҳԣڵ۸磬µĻԺƬ̣ȥȥ
õģ
ڵͷ̬Ⱥ˺ܶ࣬챻ԨߵıӰһ̾ʱҲԱ˹үȲ裡
ţлл
£ӹݹĲ豭ʵ˵ǰűŵģ
ǵģүӦ
ûΣ

ֻ֪׷滤һŲ֪
ӣҾ֪ˣ
һֵۣˣȥæİɣȻ
õģү
Ӧһ㾶ֱطڴ˿ȴһЩԺԵüΪӡ
˵ڣԨϵ֮ʱŭԼѾǵɫʮѿֻŭ˫ȴһĨԵϲ֮ɫȻֻһţȴץ
ˣ
ŭĻҲ˵ˣͶϺȻ
ʲôô£Ȳʵ
ղȥͶϵʱ򣬷ּԽΣȴҪȶһЩõķƫƣ
ŭ򵥵Ľ˵˵һ飬üͷ壬νǰ˼⡣


1173 󲻽⣬ڵı̬
ûһ
ԽΣ֮ѾȫȫµƤֳһѪף΢һĵطкüѪֹĴ̱Ѫȸ䡣
۶ȴڿѪƵģ෴õķ򲻶ת䡣
ֽͬ˰ı仯ڳɶаͷԡ
΢˫ۣϣǲ˰нӽ߶ϣ
ûУ
ŭƶҡͷѾʹˣǶ˿
ͷЦԼȷû֡ɵҲһܹãš
뵽ɫһ䣬ȻԼԲֶ뷿ڣǲζҲֿܣЩôܣԷĸأ
ŭЩã
ãû˵ʲô˵˳ЩֻϵĶѣ㰵Ҳ˶ţ͵֮ʵǿʲôã
ϵĻƺϷˣŭ˫âһʵ
Σ
ԥŭӣߵҪֹκ˹ȥҺĳֱ˭ܿ
ˣϣ
ԨܵԽԣڲ˭ĴʧʱǱҪ취ͶеʲôԵȥȥҲǰ취
ϻãӦÿԶһЩʱ䣡Σˣ
üҿʮնһܼ
ҪĴ֮һ֣ڱʵ
У
컰£ûԨʾʲôŭǵԵǼĸҪ֪˴£һʲôͼҾΣˣ
֮أ췴ʵЩ⡣
ҿǺ޲üָɣȡ֮ӿڵǳ
壬ô˵ңŭŭ
ôô
ЦҲ֪˭ڼԺ󣬱̶˴Ȩߣĳ˵ҰҲǸʱչ˳ʱڻɡ
㻳ʲô
ŭŭ⣬Īǣ㻳Ϸ˼Ͷϣ
Լ֪ͺã
ϷҪĺǣȵڣ
ŭŭˣϷҪ¶״һ˺һ˻壬Ҳôˣѵ㶼벻
˭֪أ
һҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣԨŭǰεĵ˺ˣϣϣǶͣ°ɣڸô죿
磬ȥʦü
ʦʲôˣ
ŭüëһϷ㣬Ͷ϶ҵĸҪʲôͼı룡
ϣ˵ʦ
˫һУŭӣԵҪǻǻңΪһλ볤ϵ֪ͬϻʲô
ȻᣬȻղſŭ֮ԡⲢζ۸
һֱʦŭĻǳ׼ͷŭ
ϣ֪
Ԩ죬ŭ򵥵ĽһĪˮݣŭϹԶ֮ʱȴ˫ͫһ²Żָ
Ȼĳ϶ô˵ˣǾԿɣԣҪѻ˵ǰ棬ҵĳЩǾԲйģ
ŭһд鷢۴
ЩľȴòһںЦ
ҪԻȥһˣ
ԣһߣʦԥӦ
ϵͶϵİΣǲκи
Уȥɣһ£Ե
ţ
ͷλһ󣬱뿪ƵֱصԼԺС

ڴ˵Ⱥ򣬼ӭ̬Ƚ֮֮ǰȴҪࡣ
ţ
ͷ۸磬ʲô˵ɣҵȻҪ뿪
֪ǰȷͻ֮кܶ϶ǶΪ˶ģ
ڳԥһ£ŻԵ˵֮ûʲô˵飬Щ֮ˣҪζߣҲҿдûкһʶȻҲôƽȵȥ
۸ˣ
ЦԸڵһ裬˵Ƕһˣνһ˲˵һǰľȥΣ
ã
˫ֽӹ豭ԥӦؽԺзԸĪҲӣ
ˣ˰
ǺЦʲô۸磬һԺȣҸղԣң磬ôֵܽʵһˣΪν֮ʲôìܣǾͲˣ˵ǰɣ
Լǣ
ףҸղҲ˼ˣҪһģôκѣҲ˿η壡׻˼Ȼұȥ磡
ܺã
һĨο
Ȼ䣬ҪС꣬Ǿô࣬ĳЩȴҪӳ졣
ңǴҵңҪһػһչ
ػͷչĹУҪıЭ
⡭
ԥһ£˵֪ɻǵ۬˵飿
۬
һ˵ǴƽжǸصķˣ
ǴѾ۬ҲɢҲףǸصķʵ̡
ֻǣԴǴ̱֮ûҵκξٶ
Щɻ󣬴˿ںȻἰЩʲô
еĲ⣬ڳʵһֽǸصķ˰иҵģ
Ŷ
ԣüëһ۸Ϊֲ²⣿
ǰҺĹϵ㲻ķпƵּڵ
ˡ
ĬĬͷڸ
Ȼ̵֪ʵʵȻܹϢĸֽǾζͬϢԼ
Ϊʲô̷ǵҪһȦأ
ĪǣҲʹ˴йأ
ˣ֮ǰĲ²⣬ǷҲѪʲô
ƺԽԽ鷳ˣ
üͷĵϸ
˵ʲôûʵ
ûûʲô
̧ͷֵˣ۸磬лл㣡֪ˣҪ뿪飡
ǺãҲͲŻˣȥ˵˵ǺǡҲ»ЦҺѾܾûкúˣЩԳЦ
Уȥɣ
ͷҲǻȥԸ˼󣬱㼱ٳȥ
ϾҪȥԪ½ĻҪͨɲʥ˲ܹɵġ
ʦǷܹа취Ҳûףֻ˵ǾŬɡ


1174 īƣٹˮɽ

뿪أ׼Ǹ洫˲Ƶʱ򣬶ȴǴһת֮֮С
࣬ӰЦҵŲ׵λīá
Ȼ֪ǲã˶ôΪġղŽסˣҲīˡ
ˣ켱æ첽˹ȥЦ㣬īƽ㣬ô
ѾûмǣȻЩ䣬ȴϵҲ˵̫ãȻȻǵãѡεʱīƱֳȴǽü
īƽֵôģĵȴһ˶޷󼰵İ
ȴԾǲѣһ˫鶯˫Եޱ䣬ƾʱһ㣬˴˫ȴȫȥô͡
ôܵڳ˻Ͳǽˣ
ߵǰī䳤ָЦͷϵ˵㣬˿κ衣
īƽ˵ﻰ
Ц˭˲֪λݣֻʱÿλǴæĺܣҲûʱȥݷλ㣬ൣ
Ӵ˵أ
īЦѣ׳һʱ䣬ҲҲأһֱߵŶ
Ŷô
Щ죬ĪλʲôҪڰ죿
ʲôҪ°ǡ
ī˳ڻţȻȴǺĳīƣ

ֹīЦһûĳ滵֪׽ҵĻ

·˪ʲô׻˼˳һʰˡ
λȻ˵Ҳˣ
Ц߻е㼱Ҫ뿪Ͳλˣ
˵ţҡʹ뿪

īƺֵ֪ܵҪʲôβǸһν˶ҪµĻҲһЩ
ʲô£ֻҪȥԪ½һˣЦҡҡͷص
Ԫ½ѽ
īɫһϲæãҺͺûȥǱأǸһȥʶʶɣһܵܲŶ
ѽ
ˣīƺ򴽣Ե㻤ܵô;ôأԺҺͺֱӽܵܣôǴССŶ
λɣ
ҲӦīƿҾԵħŮ¾ǼҲܹϷˣ˵ҵˡ
̫ÿȻܵô˵ǾͿ߰ɣ˵ܵԻԪ½ϵĲأȥǵطʲôõģȻܹܵ˲أīСŮС֣ĵĴߴš

һʱ͡
˵ǳƺѣûӦͬС
ֻǣīƵУҪȴѾǲˡ
ҲֻǸţһ˵Ĺ;ڱЯͬ飬Һ֮䲢ûʲôȻȥ֮ǼŮǼϲϴˡ
һ㣬ŮѾĸ֮ࡣ
飬ǵһʽģǧ࣬žԵĵλ¾ŮСֵλȴκ˶ġ
ѺԽûҲǸ쾭˲ٵļһġ
ǳˡ
ֱ춼֪ͳƵעô¡·һԵһ鶼Աⲻ˵ġټ֮ΪԵʣóƵĵλΪ⣬ϵķ֮Ե
Ů춼žͬȵİ

ˮɽ̫أҶûôĵطضȲ
ˮɽΧһУīСŮȸԾţҲĿܵǳǳЦݡ
ֻǣīƵֱӣȴԵһЩһ˫кһܹһе档
үѽ
ڰɽҩ԰ҩ÷ͰŮ죬ʱɫһϲŸеҩ˹
÷ǳţϲ˲Щʧ
ˣˣûһЦôˣ
˭ѽ
÷һ죬Ŷ˶Сš

ЦѣŪ÷ɬв
ˣȥˣǼæɣˣͷӺλʦﶼ𣿡ʵ
ߣ÷ֱӽһƺԱʾĵЦ
ڱЦػصүڣȥʲôˣ˺Ͷ˶ڣ
ŮĿȴǺܿīϣֻûнܣҲδʡܹˣԲǵˣ
ܿ죬īŮߵˮɽɽϣԺУǶʦĪˮʦＧõ
òλʦȴǰ˿κʱŶµĺۼ
ôˣλСǡĪˮϲ
ʦʦ
쳯λʦЦŴһкīŮ򵥵Ľһ飬ػ޵һŮҵĵλλʦ￴ǵҲ˼ء
īƣλˣ
Ǻǣλض񣡡
Īˮ˰֣ЦȻͲÿҲȥһףﵱǵļңúסϼգҲǵߣ뺮īӦǵһԪ½߰ɣ
ȿȡʦ
ĪˮЦݣƺŮҲͽϱɵһЦһæʦǿ²ܾôʦȥһң
Ŷ
ĻĪˮ΢΢һңʲô𣿡
ǵģǺغż£
ЦŽжһ¶Īˮɫһ䣬ɫԵء
а취ⶾĪˮʵ
ʦû취ˣʵ벻ʲôˣЦ
ðɣȥ
ĪˮƬ̣Ҫ˵ǰ棬Ҳұ֤һԣҹûĻѪӦǳѪ£ѪǴϹʱڴģҲ󣡡
ʦģףףӦ
ˮ㣬㡭
ԱߣʦＧõĪˮͬ⣬ɵɫһ˵Ļȴֱ˻ȥתæҪҪǵϹٻȥɣ
ҿԵȣȲ˰
ĪˮЦĵߣϹٻˣͷ˵һǣ
ǣˮ㡭
õ׼˵ʲôĪˮȴҡͷϵˣã˵ˣҾԲԹ۵ģ
ðɣˮԼСģõԵ
ֻǣĻƺ⣬ȴδע⵽ˣЩһĪˮ˼ӡ


1175 ѣƶ򵤣
ɽء
ҹĪˮѾˣΪӭӺͱʾӣŭԼĳԨӭӣֻŭɫЩ죬ƺûбϿȥôϲ
Ȼ֮ǰȡҴȨһ¶ϣԿһ㶼֡
ˣλضˣȥ˰ɣĪˮЦŵ
ã룡
Ҳûж˵ʲôܿһԺ档
īƣǡ
ŭͣ½ŲŤԥſŮ
ô
û˵īȴЦѵϲǽȥ˵ΪûǸʸ񣿡
ҡ
ŭһͣ˫һ˿ȴЦĵī˵ЦˣĶǸ˼ֻǷڵζܹ֣Ϸܲˣ
лϹģҺͺʲôûİɣܲ˵ģīƻص
Ǻðɣ
ŭεĵͷƿԺű˽ȥͬʱԸܵκ˶ܿŵĪˮơ
һ뷿䣬˲üͷһ壡
ǰҹ͵͵룬ʱڵѪŨһЩĿڴϵ֮ʱɫزѡ
˵ȷ˲١
ˣ뿴ɣԨĪˮһơ
ţ
ĪˮҲԣǰߵߣ˵üͷ壬ɫȴʮƽƺΧһУۣʼΪ̽״
վڱϾǾĬԣΨֳһŵĪˮĲ̽һ㡣
ҲɫΪţĺµȻʦҡͷ˵ûа취
ʱһһĹȥת˲ѾаʱˣĪˮĶͷ˿˿ˮɫЩףȻ֮ǰĲ̽Ϊľ
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ʱһͻ˷ڵİ
Īˮüסֶһ£ϸֳһĨκ졣
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״ɫ䣬ûŭش𣬱͵һ֣һԪֱӺ
صһǸոսԺӵ˱ԪУֱӴѪ˲ĵڵϣ첢δº֣Ҫ˴˵С
ʲôԼĸˣŭŤͷ۳
ҪʦΪֳʲô飬ŲҰƤòԥص
ʲô
һȴǼæĪˮȥĪˮΪһ˿Ѫɵöɫһ䣬ſǸոԺ֮˵ĿҲΪơ
ߣ
ŭ֪ȴһ󣬼æ߳䣬üʲô£ѵ֪ܽ𣿡
ϣǡǶˣ˰ʹ࣬æ˵
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ŭɫһ䣬ץס˵½󣬳ȷ
ȷȷ
ã֪ˣ
ŭͷȥ󣬱߻ڣڼ˶ЩƵĿУλˣҪȥأ
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û˿ڣĪˮȴܹӶһЩ취
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ŭҲ˵ǳȥǽԱߵԺ䷿䣬˰УӴڴͷĶݡ
ʱݣɫΪήңȫûһ㾫
ҲкһַĹѪϢȴҪ΢٣֮쵱ҹ̽ǴȴҲҪ
˵ĵôôˣ
ϣоôŭʵ
ܲһΣ
üҡͷң⵽ô£
Ҳ֪ô£
ŭ˵ͼ˶ʮֹ죡Ǹް취ȥѻʦ˹
ϣʦϿ˵ɣ쵭ĵ
ܿ죬Īˮǰ̽һݵü΢ĻȷͬһѪΪ֮Ķ࣬ϲƾʵӲѣ
˶٣ĪˮȻЩѪֻǱѹס˶ѣǣֵǣڵѪƺڲϼ١
ǲ˵ֻҪܹ֣ͻû£ŭʵ
ӦĪˮͷӦ
ŭҲûʲôɫһʼĪˮŭ죬Ԩ֮ĲԸΪʦȻܲվߡ
ǲ֪ûʲô취ⶾУǱԨڱʵ
ⶾİ취ûУ
Īˮҡҡͷص϶ǳѪڲĳѪҪⶾֻǴǱ֣
ѵĸ˽٣
˵ɫ˲٣бɢϣҲǺܿʧ

Īˮ˶٣ԥֵȻͨްķⶾܹѰҵһֵҩѪҲӦÿȥ룬ٸİɳɹⶾ
ʲôҩ
ˣ˵
ĪˮĻִ޵ԨһϣĪˮֻŭȴЩâǶҲƣı˫ۣ·ʲôûƵġ
ʦ˵ĸòʥƷҩɣЦ
ʥƷҩ
ɫ䡣
ĪˮȴףԵ˵ƶ򵤣ȷһʥƷҩʥƷҩУƶҲǽΪƵһ֣
ƶ򵤣
һֵҩǴû
˵ģϹʱڿƳһж׵ƶ򵤣˵УȴǺʵ
ݺһ÷˵ĿⶼĪˮϡ

ĪˮĿһۣ֪
ţ֪һЩ
ף촽΢˵˵ƶؼּ֮ƶɣ֮ʱҪڼ֮صλãϾžż֮һƳɹس֮󣡷ôƶߣɻһжף
Ǵ
Īˮͷε֪̾Ľҩ֮⣬ֻƶ򵤻ԽѪȥ룬ͬʱ˴ⲿŻȫȥ
˺
ƶ򵤵ֶǵһôӵֵҩأ
ߣڶѾѣҲָһЩȴΪֲ˶õġ
ʦ
ǰʵѵоƳڤԪҲУ
ڤԪֻƣѪ
ĪˮҡҡͷЦĪ㻹ΪڤԪȫ͵İ

Σʵ󲿷ϣǷڤԪϣֻϧ֮ǰһڲݳҵʱóүӷˣȻǻԥι
ڿҲҺûУȻɸӲ״


1176 һ꣡
λˣ֪㻹ʲô취𣿡
˵ʵڵģǸƶ֮ǰδţ֮Ҳܶʱҵ޴˵ȷ
ǰˣ
ԨҲ˵һæ룬ǧǼ£
ʵû취ˣ
һ˫˫ĿעУĪˮЦҡҡͷ̾а취ҸղűѾ˵ˣʦһ˵Ҳˣа취᲻أ
ƶ򵤡
Īˮ˶٣ԥŵܹҵļ֮ԼƵҩļ֮أҿԳ԰æƣȻɹԼҲҿ϶
æƣ
ĪˮĻ֮⣬˶׷׾ֵĿĪˮǾȡ
λˣ㲻ҪǣѾʥʦ˰ɣ
ŭ˵ʱЩӵЦ⣬Ҳһʥʦ㡭Ǻǡ
ϴԺ⣿
˫΢еĶŭЦҪԼļʶªˣ㲻֪ûУ
Ϊʦٴκŭϡ
Ŀӣ˿˿â˸ŭ˸ޱȵâ

ĪˮһЦԵϲҲǶԵģɶԴ񣡡
ǣʦ
ԹԵջĿ⣬ȴЩΡ
ʦĪˮǱˮɲ붼ɱĴڣŭһӣȻû˿оֱͱˮɲȫԲϰ
ǲŵĻǾͰˣ
лĪˮĿŭԵǵ飬޹أߣЩ˵ĻǶԵģҾ۷֮ף˵Լһж˽ҿҲȻɣ
㡭
Դʵԣŭɫٴһ䡣

ĪˮȴٿЦһ߰ɣҲ֪ﻹҪҲô
ʦ⡭
ЩˣϵԨ壬īҲżڴͷĿĶҲ˫ۡ
ҪĪˮˣ񲻳û취ˣ

æ˶£غĳЩһʶ֪ƶ򵤵İּ֮
Īˮ۾һŭ漴ܿ˵˰ּ֣֮һȻ
ּ֮ﶼޱȺģһֶʮҵ˵Ҫȫˣ
ˣѵûп֮𣿡Цŵ
ƹҵڿ⣬жٶһֱһġ
ǰּ֮ҲֶֻѣҲ˵Ҫȥֱ֣찡
У
ĪˮҡҡͷȱһɣศɵãһֱĻʧܣҳɹˣ𵽵ҩЧҲܴﵽȥѪĿģ

һ
ŭ˫â˸Ц¾Ǽ˰ּ֮ҲƲɣߣʥʦϷţ
㡭
ŭ֮ԣ쵱׼ڡ
Īˮסĵ벻ţΣҿϵӣЩϣָ
˵ʲô
ŭһ˿ȴվ˳ҿλ˵ĲŭҰ·˽ֺ֪αʵģͶѪҲѲ˸ϵɣ
壬˵Ҫ֤ݣ
ŭ˫΢УݣϷǴϣʲôʸϷ򣿡
òҪҵ֤ݣ򡭡ߣ
ضŭһۣŤͷĪˮ¶һĨЦݣˣɲ鷳գãҲԺúõ˵˵һ㾡֮ȡ̵ʱ佫ּ֮ҵ
ҵˣΣ
ŭޱ˵Լڵֲܼһܣ
һܡ
ŭĻüһɫ䡣
ǰһܵʱʵ̫ˣ
Ҿȫ֮˭Ҳұ֤˵òǰּ֮
ʥƷҩҲҪʱ䣬¾޷ֵƶƳʱ򡭡
ԣŭĻȻȴҲòϵȷʵ
Ȼһ̣Īˮȴǻ˼Ҫʧˣ֮ǰἰڤԪȻ޷Ѫȴά
˵ԾͿԣ
ŭЦʲôڤԪû˵
ʦĿ𣿡
쳯ĪˮʵʱȴƸûŭĻһ㣬һ˫˫ĿȫˢˢĪˮϡ
Ȼ
˵עУĪˮЦŵͷİɣҹƣֻҪڤԪԱ֤һݣ
һꡭ
˵˵ȴҲ̣
һʱ䣬һҲּ֮ҵ֮ĻѱˣʱڵѪȫҲѾȡ
ˣлл
мסĪˮ֣˵һһ֮ڽּ֮ȫҵʱ򣬻Ҫͷ˿¯
Īˮû˵ֻǵͷʾס
˳ˣ»صڵķ䣬ĪˮóһڤԪ£ɢŨЩѪҲЧĶסˣ˵ɫΪ֮һϲߣ
ŭȴһ˸һƺ˺ܶͷ
һʱ䣿
ֻҪܹһڽȫƿУָΣʱĪܺȨɣ
˴ŭɫһЩֻǿĪˮ˵Ŀôơ
òϣŭȷĻɶ
ֻϧûκ֤ݣ
ŭص̫ãЩط©ˣ
ĪˮصԼԺüͷ壬˼⡣
һȻȥɣ
ĪˮԵ߶вʣңʦﻹˮɽϣҲȥѾһʱ䱣ϣֻҪٴжԲ֮ǣ
ʦ˼˵пٴжɫһ䡣
ֻ˵˵ѣ
ĪˮЦǲֿܣУǸҲ򵥣
ף
һصͷҪ˵ʲô֮ʣĪˮֵУһ֮ȴ;룬Ĵǣ벻İɣ
;
һ£һּ֮Ǹ֮أ
Īˮͷ
ôڶ;ʲô
üȴǺ۾һʦ˵Ѫ£
ܹ¶֮ҵҲδزԴҵҩһͽʡƶ򵤵һз
УɫһϲĪˮ˿ҲǶ豭һڣЦ
ȻҲ˵룡
òϣǺ͹ţԳͬ˺ܶܶࡣ
лʦѣ
ٺһЦ漴ֵʦĴ뿪һ׼еأ
ˣ
Īˮ²豭ЦҪ뿪ң̻ȥһҪȥһ£ȻǾ˳ȥǼ°ˣǺǡ


1177 Լã
ʦڶˣǴЦݣȴķ֣ʦЦȴһĨǣȻ֪ô£Ҳ˺ü飬ʦҲʼû˵Ҫȥʲô飬һĨȴЩ
ҪǣʦЩı֮⣬֮ǰˮɽϣ˵ҪʦΪͶϽⶾʱ򣬶ʦＧõǺüεֹ
Ȼʱʲôû˵Ҳû̫⣬ڼȴȻЩǰ֮ǰͷϹԶλʦɫЩԡ
ǹȥһϵеı໥ϵһ˫۶Ȼп϶֪أϵͷϹԶʦĪˮĹ
ͷӺʦʵڻԪ½Ͼһָģ伸λʥƺͷӺ𾴣ôͷӼпһЩݣʵڻԪ½ϣ
ѵͷӵĳˣĳֲѵԭ򣬲ͷһֱǱߣ
ˣһ㣡
˵ӺȻһͷӺӦǾʶȻڻԪ½ϺϵһģԵʱϵǾԲܼͷӵģԣпͷʶˣһ˵ĻĪǡ
һ٣ͷӱˣ
ͨһ㣬ԽȷԼĲ²ûд
ôʦȥ£ҲͷӵĹйأǡУ
ԽԽЩĲɫҲ֮ޱѿ
ʦĳʲô飬ͷҪˣ
һ͵վʦ뿪ķȥһھ׷ȥĳ嶯
ҲףµǶԵģʦ뿪غκεͣͬᵣ׷ȥ׷ʣҲ̼ӿٶȡ
϶׷ˣ
Ȼҡҡͷɴʱ˹ԥһ£̧۵ҿ𣿡
뻤ԸͿأǣԥӦ˫û˿ӣϡ
һʱ֮ǰʦҲˣ
ǣ
£ⲿ˴̽һʦȥҪʲôǼסκβţҲҪ֣һκεϢ̻֪ͨңԸ
˶٣üҵȥɣҪԸЩ˸ؿƿǳԲ˶ߣ
ǣ
ǰĻЩЦãֻһͨ˶ѣЩأ
ǻݾͲһˣһٲȻһĴˣŵеĵλҲԻֻԷԸʱҪĽУЩʧ
ķԸ˿Υ棬Ӧŵһ󣬱㹧ĽӹƣҴҵ뿪ˡ
ҲǶһοɣ
ԶȥıӰǹ˹ܰô£ǲһᣡ
պһεĻˡ
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°²
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üëһĶģ
Ľ紦ʱҲǸղյ˵ĴŻ̹֪ͨˣӦ
ô˵ʦҪȥǱߣ
򣬺ǻʸĵ̰ɣ
ǵģͷ
ˣ֪ˣ
һֵ¹ֲǣҲˣ
л
ˣ°ɣ
ǣ
ºһſЦҡҡͷղѾеĴֱ˻ȥˣʦȻ˸ţҲȥ̽ˣʦʵҲʲô̫Σգ

ʱѾȥ˰֮ã
ڼ䣬ŮҲԼӻԪ½Ǳ߻ˣסڱаɷڡ
ҲаɷţԼľص㲻תȻΪҳµԵʣҶԣľаɷУͣʱԶһЩ
ҶȫתĳԨİ£ԭصķ⿪ˣе֮˶ǸԵİ취Ѱųұеּ֮֡
ŭҲδͬڲϵѰңֻϧʱȥˣûκּ֮׼ȷϢ
ֵһ˵ıǶˡ
ΪڹѪδԵʣһֱ㲻ԺУԭƹܵҲȫ˴ŭϡȻ㲻Ҳû⣬ŭʵѾЩȱĲֻһˡ
ݵľٶƺѾŭĵλ
ϾԾɴڻԲѣĪˮṩڤԪסһڰѾȥʣµּ֮ɺϢʣµİҪҲһǳܵ¶
һô˭ܹμ֮λأ
³˴ŭ֮⣬ˡ
ʵһ棬ڼƿǿһ桭
Ľ죬ǸԺУԺȥǵɫӰȴЩЦá
ѩƣͱȥҴˣԼ˵˵ʱȥ͵˱˶ٶ
˵
û
Ϊ֮ǰӦѩƣʱһֱ棬СһȴͬСһ㲻ϵˣÿÿʲôóԵı͵͵ߣüζ˸ܵǱȥˡ
ңҿҲûй֣ҲΪѩƺܿɰԵʣҲôϲѡ
ֻǾôϲÿ춼ᶪһЩԵҲﲻ
ԣձѩƽղֻԺһһѩƱǲԸˣٶʩչ»һӰʱʱĿٷɵǰһٴηɿΪֱЦá

ʱĴ˽û˵ʲôѽһѩƾײ˳ȥˤʮ׿⣬ѩҲзִ磬ûܵκ˺
ȿȡѩƣ׼֣
쿴ŷɻصԼУһģСһԴĺ󣬳߽ЦЦЦôˣǲʲôϢ
ػ˵ȥӭһ£ص

һˣΪʲôȥʱ䲻һֱʹȨ𣿡
Ҳ֪ղҲǽӵ˴ϵԴţǻص
ʲôأʵ
Լҵˣ
ԥһ£˵ղҲһ£Լҵƺ߲ƣ֮⡣


1178 Լب
Լңʣ
Ļʱüͷһ塣
˿񽣡
ʱ䣬Ҳϵҿ񽣸洴ټΪն
ѵΪ˿񽣶
üߵϢҲûֻҪԿնעʵǿһЩӦöܹһ
Ҳ϶˺ܶΣգЩʱȲѻʹѪ񻯡
һԼҵ֪ҲὫΪصעĶ󣬱ϾѪԼҵϵרģͬҵľĺڶˮһ

ĳ˼߲ϵţ˾ȴ컳еѩƶһ죬ƺ˼
һΣЦѡ
ɾѩڳﹷȴǲκ׶񣬷ֿɰ
У֪ˣȻȥҾȥɣ
챧ѩƻ߼ֵͣˣȥ֪ͨƽһ𣡡
ǣ
Ļٵ뿪ˣͨŷΧɽ֮ʱƽѾĵȺڴˣ쾪ȵǣīƶڡ
ҡҡͷīƵħŮԸ񣬵ȻҪźá
˼ҶѾˣҲ˼ȥ˵ȥīƲʲô취УȻīûʲôְ񣬵λȴ˿
ôܵܣýҸһ𣿡
ɫīϷʵһ䣬漴һѽѩƴ˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôѩСһһֱͦģ֮⣬Ҳֻܹ˳ƣȻֶīŮ
ˣƶȶħŮҲԱ
飬ŮǰһȰ˵УѩƲŻ׽
״μñģҲֻ֮ǰ˵ļˡ

治Զĳƽϣһмʱ򣬱ѾʮվǶ
Ϊ׵һԼĪʮʮˡ
ԼҼԼӣΪب
첻ʶߵʮ˾Լһʵǿ١һ򲻹
˵棬ԳЦЦ
ڵʵǵԪڣʱͻƶɣʮʵͶԪԼһȣȷҲ㲻ʲô
Ժͻˣ
ЦǺǵļ򣬶Ŀ⳯بȥЦ죬ب磡
μ棬ƺԷΪֳҲˡ
ܿ죬ƽԼīҲ׷ǷǷе˿
ȻبȴüܲĵʲôˣҴ˴ǴҸǰݼģȻӭô£ܴң
ƽҲ˵ѵҵеĵλ߹ǣ
˵ţبĿīɨпٵһḬ̃λСīƣīƣ֣֪īСȻǷпգɷҺúõعһأ
ûգ
īĻһ䣬بʱɫһ䡣
Ҫ̷쭵ʶʲôطܿǽŭѹɫҲ˶˲١
֪絽Ҫʲô
쵣īƻʲôǰһ¶ۼĽֱب
죿
ب´ȫһۣмƲˡһɣ˵һôôһû̵ëͷСӣ
ЦгƣʱبʮҲǷ׷״Цߵļ˶ʱɫ˲䡣
㡭
һƽż裬ƽܵס
Ҫ׼֮ʱԵȴǽסĵٸղ˵ǴԼô֪ղһĻԼ˼ٵ˼
ҵ˼Σ
بƳһЦΪһҪ棡찡죬ҿ㻹ǹԹԵĻȥȥɣ
بǶҵ裡
򻤷ǸȻһԼָ
磬ŭ
ЦЦĵƲҲˣҲûϣƵЩ飬ע˵Ŀ
˵ǣ
ǰֳ˶㹻ء
ٴ˴ΰݷãֻΪİɣޱ˵л˵
ҴҪ԰ݼ˵죬㻹ȥبͬԸһ㳯
˼ڱչأͣ
ƽػصһ˵ʲôب󣬼⣬飬ҲдͣĻ˵ɣ
죬㲻ҪԴңب
漴һֵҵһһˣΪ̳ˣû뵽ȴҿΪеֵ
˵
ب֮⣬Цһˣֻһѣ⣬Һֵܣּɹ
ûµĻǾɣҵҲˣͲˣ쵭ĵѾԵͿ֮⡣
ôѵҵĴ֮ب
بл˵ƨţ
īʵ̲סˣ˫ֲŭȻ͸ҹԼȥ
ƺЩ
بʮ˷׷ɫȻԵЩţϾҵķΧԼ۷嵱ҲĶѣһһģ
ãһԼң
ب͵Ŀһīƣ˶ңҲǼʶˣҪبдһʶȻûҼҲһ
˵䣬بĿס죬˫˿˿ĺâ˸
ң
һʼЦǲ֪кμ̣
ն񽣣İɣب˫
ȻΪ˿񽣶
һԣɫ䣬ĵȴǳ˼֡
ôϣ첻˵بЦѡ
ϣΪʲôҪϣ
ЦҵֵѣΣ
ܺãϾͺã
ب˫˸ھͰѿ񽣸ҽҴԼң
Ҫ˵ڸ֪ںδ֪ƾʲôҪ㣿
صƾԼ٣
죬ǸӣȻֵܿ񽣶بŭſ֡

ȴǺǹճһߣǲмٺôĿ㸸ǰҲô˵㲻һԼүѣҿһʸ𣿡


1179 Լ̽Ŀģ쵣ǣ
Ļƽīټ˾ǰһˢˢĿبϣһبɫ˲úѿ
ôѵΪ۷֮׵ңҪ𣿡بɫһףԭű˿־壬Ծɼ˵
ֻǴʱѾѹ˻ȥԳֲ԰
˭ʴʣ
˭һ
˭ſţ
ʻкȳȻվԭδȴѹȵبˡ
˿̣˼ʱبǶѾŵ̱ڵˡ
بʵԪڶѣҲΪƽԼҵĽʮˣȴԵǰġ
㣬ʲô
ب˷ţǻҵĵ
˵һ飬Ҳ֪Ķ
˫΢еҾ֪Ҳǣҵֵܣ
죬Ҫס˵Ļ
һب˵һУһȥһʵĻף
ԣı㣡
ʼ磬ĵûµĻǾͲˣɣ
ȵȡ
תҪ뿪ĶبȴǺĽסֵҸǣ׼ӿ񽣣ǾҪԼҲҸǾԲŹǵģ
вң
תĿبϣبôĵӣ
Σ
بͬ죬ͬѲɣǻҶֲɣڴԼңҺԼҵսøҹԹԵİѿ񽣽
ƾ㣬ҲԼң
üëһ滹ֳűôҲŲ㣡
㲻Ҫ̫ˣƺ˵ʹبָһŭӡ
֪Ķ֣һﶼ̲סҪֱӶˡ
ô붯֣
мһۣЦֻҪҶ֣ұ֤֪ʲôʹ
ղ˵Ĳǲɱ㣬ҵĵ̣Ҳֻ˶ѣļ
㡭ǣãܺãҼסˣ
ب˫Ŀⶢţ޵ǽһҧгݡ
ĲҶ֣ʮҲûǸӡ
˵𣿡
˫΢Уâ˸ĵ˵˾͸ҹٶ˵һ䣬Ҳ
죡
ĿתƵϣɭѡ
ֺǴＷƵģź⡣
ߣ
بһĿһһɨһӣʮ˿ٵ뿪ˡ
Ҳȥɣ
ب뿪Ӱ̾һɫصİ˰֣һͬ»صڡ

һߣ뿪ɽب˲ͣĿԶҵΧһ·ٷУܿһΪƧСУͣϢ
үǻȥǡһߵبߣʵ

ب˿̾Ȼû˸ղ֮ʱ־£˵ϢҲſóȣڵⶼȫһƵġ
һʯϣب˫΢ղǼʲô
⻰ǶΧʮʵģп֮⡣
ҵ޶ۣүʾڶ໤ǷԳ־
㣡
ب˸Ĺ󣬺ǵĵһʮ֮˾ĳˣڲҲһң
Ϊʲôѵڱչ𣿡
չأǺǡΪֽͺ𣿡بЦһ£˵ȣȥصʱݣǴԼǰݷã˵ûбչأӦԳӭӣΪʼմҸǰ
ڱչأôҲӦǴϳŶԣȴƫƫ棡ӱϿȷǺϾһĵλͳϵͬһ㣬̫ˣһҪС꣡һܹĴң
һ棬֮ӭҵȣ޷ҲһֶãҲƲڲһҵԭ򣡡
ȻҲأ˵ûе˺ĳ̶ȣǴϾӦԼˣ
بĽͣԵʮ˷׷׵ͷǾ塣
ôү㣿ʵ
ڶ͵ʵӦһ㣬ֻͬˣ
بһ˼¿ڣڶ㣬Ӧ֪ǸܹѪ񻯵飬˵ҿ񽣵˲仯Կ
ڵ㣬ںδȷ֪飬Ҳû취д̽
˵ب˶٣üëһĵȫԺ˵أ
үԲҵͬ˵ͷӦ
ʵǹҪĿֻ̽˳Ҳ÷ҵ⣬ҴϵĻǻ޷õЩѶϢǵһ㡭
ب˫УѰҩģȻͬǰ㣬ˣҲδһ£
ү˵׳ʲô飿޵ҩɲ٣ܲȫϰɣʵ
Ȼǣ
بҡҡͷЦôҲ޷Ϊ˶Ŀע⵽Ǵ˾ٵ޷ҩϸǵĿģȻҵĻۣҩĵķҲ㲻ʲôԣⷽ濴ҲǵȷˣȻұп϶ҩ˴£
˵ţبĿڵķ˸â
Ҫ취Σ
ãبվƨմȾϵĳԵǲ˵Լ߰ɣȥʣܹǿ֪һЩϢ
ǣ
ܿ죬ʮ˸بǰȥʵĺܿʧ

רԺУɫΪء
ʱһֱܻõƤѩƣƺҲо飬ǹɵſУûȥ֡
ƺַʽʾİο
񽣾ȻԼҶˣ
һָѩ˳ë˫΢еب϶Ѿ֪˿ܹѪ񻯵飬ɲӦýӻԼݵΪʲôоԼҶԿ񽣵ɱأ
ԣƺЩԣ
ɫٵı˺ü£ԺвϻبӼ濪ʼ뿪֮ǰһĻĻĽ̸Իبеɫ仯
ȫ˳˼ѩʱʱͷ¶û˿Ĳ
ʱһһĹȥ϶Կ񽣵ĵ˿ȴ۾һȻվЦԭ⾹ȻԼҵһ̽
ء
Ȼľٶѩ⧲ֱ֮ڵϣʱһվãһԹĳţ첻¶һĨǸ⣬Ͻѩ±𡭡
˿̣ϸֳĨаЦȴѩƶ鲻ԽĴһȻǶԼƵĳ˸е


1180 Ҷ׹ȣ
򡭡
񽣵ĴţպôıЩŹ֡
ǼһﾹȻ֮С
ԼҵΧ
ʵҲǲԼңֻΪû˹Լҵļ䣬ԵЩ岻
ˣȲˣ
찵԰˰ͷǼһҲȫúܣԿ񽣵ʵֻҪԼҵĸֲӦǲʲôΣյģֻǡԼҵôȻ̽
Īǡ
뵽춸ȻԺһ𾪵뷨ɵ˼Ϊ˼֡
ĪүүϵҺͶľȥԸѪ£ʱȻͳ飡
ԼҲبǰ֮̽᲻ʲôϵڿνǰ˼⣬ҲʱЩŵ˼˦Ժһ΢ƽһЩѩƼϣغ
תۣǼȥҲ֪ô¡
̶̼ʱУȻкϢؿдеּ֮⣬ּ֮ﱻҵ֮ǰһ˵⼸ֱҵĺƵġ
ۿŻвʱҪһ֮ˣʦĪˮԣʱԽԽãȻһޣһĻҲиõİ
ʦҲ֪ĶȻϵϵ
찵ԿЦѣֻȻ࣬ȴһôΡ
֪ΪΣԼԼĳУ޷гĻ³綼ᱻǸûʬ޴档
ˣҲֻһһˣ
ʱǸרĻԺУߵѩ֮⣬ԺҲֻһЩݲˡ
𣿡
ʱүү첽˽ɫЩء
үү𣿡
켱æǰԨ£ǲǳʲô飿
Ǽ£
ԨºЦ˵Ǹղŵõ׼ȷϢ׹һҶڽճ죡
Ҷּ֮Ҳ֮һϲ
ǰּ֮
ԨЦŵͷֵҺϲ뿪Ҳ֪ԭģԣҲֻȥһˣаɷžڱҲ⹫æƱҪҶõ֣
ãһȥ
ԥӦ漴˶٣ʵˣүү˰עبôˣ
Ѿ뿪򣬿ĿĵƺҲӦȥ˱Ǳߣ
ԨЦҲпڱôǸبʲôһԼҵӵܶѣ
ӵܣ
Ļ쵱Цҡҡͷүү²ٵ˶بƭˣɲӵܰ
˼װģԨһ㶡
װ̫ˣ
ͷ˵ЩӦù˶þͿ֪ˣȥ˱ãпܵĻҲʽ֣
ôǸبԨЩ죬ΪļμԼɫ
үүңبԲ򵥣
үү뿪֮϶ҪСģһᾡõҶģ
İɣؿûϿô򵥣ôôãԨź룬Ц
ȻĹĻǺܸжġ

磬ǻжòܵ
֮ƽȴ˺ü⡣
δҳƽ֮⣬ԼīŮһš
۵Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ϊͨϵ֪ζľҲɳľͼǰȥ׹ȡ
ƽΪʸҲ֪ϢϵһңƽϲǣһʱһֱĻʸܷܷȻҲҪȥ׹ȣƽ޷˵ĸˡ
īƵͬУȫоΡ
ݶûãټīһһܵܡĽţֱصĳڴţȫ޷ܾ
ˣôżһ͵ˣ
ƽżʻûͷһЦ㲻һֱںܷܷʱʱ˽ôô
ʲô˽᣿ǽԼòãƽһ䣬漴ͷεֵ㲻ʸڸܷܷѰɾҡ
˵ƽҧҧɫԳȻ
֮ǰʸܷܷŵ뾡취ʱģƽܹĴﵽʥǾͿԹһˡ
ƽʱҲϾǾŲ㣬һڲϵĽɲʱ䣬ʵȴֻԪ۷壬Ȼƾʥֻһ֮ңһٳ޷ͻơ
ˣСӣ
һóЦСܷܷһǾҪ˷ѣȻģҸ㣬Ҫȥ֮˵ֵܣҶǸ
ƽܵܣҪȻɣȥСܷܷȻ췹ʸҵǸͷҪԣҲˣīƴյǰǻЦ˵췹
ī⻰˾ͷߡ
Ҳδ̫뺷˰ɣ⻹һŮӸ˵Ļ
īƽ㣬⣬⡭
ƽЦѵͷīȴһɣʲô⣿ѵأʲôҰ
ûīƶ˵ʲôĽīƲȴʼ޷ѡ
ڱҲֱЦѣƽ֣ղһ仰Ĵ̼£ȴҲһЩ
ʥΣ
ƽŶʮ㣬ʵѾԪ۷壬ӵоŲע˽ܹʥ
ܿ죬ڴҵһ·˵˵ЦЦУ˳׹ȸ
ڳ׹ΧԲʮ֮ڣһмֳһֻȵĳɫԽӽ׹ڣΧ¶ҲԽԽߣҴҵʵ㲻Ҳܵʲô̫Ӱ졣

һǵһ˹
ԴӼаɷźǿνǼһ仯Ըʯ˵ӰҲú˺ܶ࣬ǰ׹ȣҲ촫ŷԸġ
ţ
ͷʵŵôˣ
һԸ׼׵ǵͷӦúһҲĴȺֻҪһ±ȫ
ܺãΪ˲˵ע⣬˿ɣҷԸ£ͷ
ǣ
Ӧһܿ߿ˣʱۺգŴ۾ĵ磬ԭͰźѽղſ湻أ
㰡
ЦЦָָԶˣ֪ʲôͼǱߣԼȥɣסȻûҵ㲻ȥ׹ȣҿɲ㣡
֪
ĻƲƲӦһ󣬱ŵŵŵܵ˶ľǱߡ
Ҷ֪Ͷľͼ֮飬Ҳ˿εֱľͼĸ첲һС˰ĸоöľͼٺֱЦȫҸ
ҳ飬Ѿɷˡ
ӡ
һɲǣһϤȻƽһȲĳԴȥ


1181 ϻʸïֵɱ¾
ƽΪӵֻһʸĻʸܷܷ
ܷܷ
ʸܷܷƽæ˹ȥֱӴյǸǳɫȹþ飬ȴЩɫŮߡ
ƽʸ
ңƽҲܿĴӾϲлعòĳʸʸǷ
ֶض񣡡
ʸЦ̧̧֣Ȼ˵ʵĵЩԼŮƽһ͵죬ֻϧѾ˼Ůˣܲûʸܷܷȥ檰ɣ
Ȼʸ˼û֪
ƽЩΪһ֮ĻʸҲڱ¶
ʸǰã
Ҳ֮īŮ˹ȥ
һԾǻʸǰʺҲһڡ
ˣ
ʸЦŵͷ漴īƣЦλǺСīСɣλС棡
ʸˣ
òǷǷԵҺīƲҵѰӵܰˣûʸ˿佱
ǺǣС̫ǫˣ
ʸƺ֪һЩīŮ飬ʱȴδ˵ܿĸĿԵҶ죬ȻϢһЩģԾкܶǰҿȻڴˣһʸҪһˣ
ʸǫأ
ЦЦ漴ɫһʸ̧֣ҶʮҪڱصã

컰֮ʣǻʸһ˵ɫƵȳ
ס죡񣡡
ɫһ䣬ʸȴǼæŤͷ˺ǳһ䡣
ʵʥأڻʸĵλҲӦòͣڻʸĳæͷͷ˲ȴķ֣пٵһĨ
˼
ʸЦȻ˵Ǿͳ֮ξ͵ҴӳߣҲԿδչ
лʸǰ
ЦЦ漴һ£кȻһЦҹܷܷʵչƺƿһɫ͵͸ܷܷɣ
ѽɫлл磡
ûȻʸ˵ʲôԵĻʸܷܷɫһϲԥֱ˹ȥ춪һޱȲõЦݡ
⡭̫ˣʸʱ
ʸǰؿ
ڰ֣ЦܷܷҲѣߣò˶ҪΪҵĵˣ㶫ʲô
˻˵Ѿǽһֽ״ƣûʸܷܷƽ˶ɫһ죬ǻʸȴЩεЦЦͬʱȴԵĸоһĿԼɨ
ǵĿˣǸղųʥ֮ˣ
˲⣬ĪΪƽܷܷ飿
΢ȴû˿չ¶Цźͻʸ˵һЩ޹ؽҪĻҲͼӻʸ̽Իʸܷܷƽ֮µĿʸȴȷһϺ꣬һڷ綼¶
죬ƽʸܷܷЩʧ

¶ԽԽߣʱţǰ׹ھȻһֻȵ̫һ㣬ڳ˵עȫ˹ȥ
Ҷļ죬ν˵ע⡣
ȻϢһЩ֪µĺܶ˶Ѿ̸ϵ
ҶҪˣ
ǿȥ
ߣ
Χ˵һٵӰٳǰ׹ȳȥ
˵ǳ׹ȣʵҶĵطȴڹȵ׵һȵˮ̶ϡ
ˮ̶¶ߣܱ뵵İ֣˿֮ƺɣõĸо
һӰϿռٶٵˮ̶ΧֻգۼѾˮ̶Χܲ͸磬Χռ㹻ĻŻڰյλöûˡ
Ĳȥ𣿡⣬ͨ۲Źεĳ˳ʸʵ
Ǹղźǳ죬ҶֳǸʥ֮ˣΪʸïڻʸ嵱еϵְλһֱʸïĶӭȢʸܷܷ˭ȴƽǰ桭
ʸïûʸʸüζ˶ûӦ
ȫǱ꼰㣬ټ콫ǲֱֽӴƣóɫûʸï˾پһĶ⡣
ϣҸղѾӦôҪ
ʸĵҵлʸκ˲ܽȥᣬΥ̷ȥΪ壡
ǣ
˻ʸĻʸïεӦŵĺâȴԽ
һߣҲǸ飬һ贫ýӦ׼ҽȫɢԷֹڰʲôٶ
ǷܹõҶǸû˿Ļɣ
ʱһһĹȥȵˮ̶Χһ˫˫ĿⶼҶϣҶһϸ΢ת䣬˶˳ֵ׼
Źȥ˰ʱңһȻ𣬹˳ܼӣúܶʵ֮˶ʱ̵ĲҺϡ
˭û뵽Ȼ˵η
ܵܣ֣
ĳһ˲䣬īƵĺȻУҶ˲ſҲȻ˸һ˲Ʊˮ̶Ϸֲֿ¶ȣſҶץȥ
Ҷҵģ
ҵģҪˣ
ǶҹǱҵģ
ͬʱΧ˵һһӰٳҶλȥ
̣
ûЩǣѾץסҶĸֲʱ˺üݣ⻹ǰ÷ǰ³ֵġ
ɣȥץĻµʱֱᱻֱӿ
¶ȣʵֲ̫ˣ
ȻҶζԵǼ֮ĳƺţ
ȻʱҪγҶɲǣ˷ʱڳĹУЩҲ໥Ĳϴ򶷣ת˲γһʮֻҵĻ桭

˫΢УһֻѾ쵽ԼǰһâƾճֺХȥ翳йһ㽫ֱֻնϣͬʱֵֻ˲ҺŶ·̵ˮ̶ҺһĴ˾Ȼֱӻɢһͷĩû¡
˻
һĻƺʱ䶼ͣһ˲
ˮ̶Ȼôֲͬһ¯ֻҪ˽ȥҲˡ
֮Щ˱һγ˹ȥ
Ҷúܶ˶˲̫ˣ
첻µǲˣ
ΧָϴȣȻһԪҶţȻǧý
ৡ
ԥǧýһ裬һֲĽâϮ
漴ֻһĲҺЩƽǰʮ˺޷֮ıɱĸԪ֮ˣ
ʮһ˲㳹
һΣٴ˵һǧýץסҶսٷһ֮Уޱߵǿ


1182 ߣɱ⣡
ʮ˵ΧʣµԵЩ塣
ǵʵǿһҲڵԪ׶ΣԼ㱻ǿסȴûоʹ˷˼
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ǧý죬·ӳһ㣬չֳһޱߵİ
һʱ䣬Χ֮㿴ңģûһԸ⶯֡
Ͼ˭ҲȥͷǼʶղ˲ʮ˵ľٶ
Ŀ·Դ͸Ƶģڼӹ֮󣬱λڿա
뿪Щ˵İΧ˵
Ȼһ˲䣬һȻҲ£ôˣѵһһϰ˵
ԣһ˵
һˣôǿҲһֵĶ֣
ϰ
˷׷׼һƺ˾£ӿһ㳯ٴ˹ȥ
ϡ
˫΢Уǧý˷Ĺȫ£ȴȺкܿ˸ղŵһ˵ˣ
ʵԪڣʱ˳ֺǺһЩƺѰĳֺʵĳʱ
ȥֱΧЩۺҶˣȴûиᡣ
һ˱˺һ˳ƺ͸ûһеʱ䣡
ৡ
ǧý趯һâϮֻȵˮ̶ϷǸֽ죬лʱʱļһЩ˵ƺҺ
Ȼ̸ϲҲ̶ãЩҪжҶҲǳ˵Σ
ͨ
ģһιϮУһԪֱ֮·ˮ̶ڻӵĸֻһҺ˺֮ǰһ㻯Ʈɢʬ޴档
˷ΣһξµͬʱȴǸ˶Ҷ˼

źü˲ηĳ˫âһһʮ׳Ľâ˲ֶѸײڶٶȣֱӽǼ롭
Ѫ׷УǼ˵Ĳʬ׹ˮ̶һεʬ޴ʱչʣǰ
˭
ὣɱĿ⻷Χȴһ˸ӡ
ߣ˭ģ
ץסһʱȻٴμڿգգۼ˳׹⣡
Ȼ¶ҲܸߣڹȴҪˬ˺ܶ࣬첻΢һʱȴһȺ˼ٶܿһνֱӰΧ
Ҷ

֪˭һЩʵҪƲһ㣬һüͷ塭
ħҲɱΪ֣
ôҲܽЩȫնɱȻȷʵ

ԶʸïбԪŵҶЩ졣
˵ˣκλʸ֮˸춯̷ȥΪңʸĵ
ҵ˼˵ҪҪȥʸïҡҡͷ˵
ţ
⻰ʸ¶һĨ죬ʵڲֻҲǻʸï˵ġ
ˣ
ʸҡҡͷĵ϶ţϲȥҲ𲻵κã
ܷܷҪȥ磡
һԣƽԥ˵漴˻ʸܷܷһǴȺֱվ
ͬʱīҲ֣֮ҺȫռݣԷֹ͵Ϯ
ôˣ
ЦõĵѵΪ鶼𣿡
һˣīһЦĵĵҪܵʲô飬һȥô
磬һ𣡡
ƽΧĿû˿⡣
û˵ᶨıȴ˵һˡ
磬ƽ磬Ҳˣ
۵δӲԶľĶмܿվʵȴû˿ĳɣ
ǰ
Щжȴ̾һ󣬵㣬īƽ㣬Ȼǰæһƽܺͻ۶ˣ
ܵܡ
硭
Ļ˺ǲ⣬ȴҡҡͷЦİɣûµģ
ðɣԣ
ȵͷǵӹ촽΢ĵԼСģ
ãߣ
ǺһЦǺһͬȥʱΧЩȴҲͬʱƶһɫЩԥ
ϾղŶֵֻһˣ˶ʮ֮࣬ټˣôЩ˾ĴΪҶƴȴҲԸģ
ƴǾԲͬģ
ҳ尡ֻҪҶ־ͺˣ
һϣôˣ
尡
˴̼һٴϯҶǰ棬ƽұīۣһĻǰС
Щ˵Ĺ˫оâһ
ȻЩǾ͹ֲˣ
ৡ
ǿĽâҪǮƵĽӿ֣ÿһâѸضһ
ʱҲδκֵ˼
ɱɱɱ
һ
һǰ˽ɱ翳йһ㣬ɱ˵ľٶûκͣµ˼
ƽۿЩɫ䣬ôҲţƽôº͵磬ɱȴҲôľս
īƶû˿仯࣬һֱ𱣻ƽۣһȴҲΪ쵣˻ְ𣬶˫ȴԵΪ䣬ЩԼǣŮδ˿
ڣ˲׺ͣ
һ·ϣȫѪʬ̾͵ĵ棡
ŨѪϢ˫ɭɱʣµһͬ˵ɱ
ôˣ
ֱӴƵģߣɱ⣡
ƾʲôռҶı˳
ȺУ˵ʱڲ˸˶޷嵽˭˵
˵ĻȴٴȺһ䶯Ҳ˴ҴӶľת˷ŭ
ƾʲôõҶʲôߣɱ⡯ĪΪоǿ
ƾʲôƾʲô
ע⵽ΧЩԽۺ죬˫𣬿ٵȺţǻһĨаЦζȻֱϮ
ٶ֮죬զ࣡
ڴҶûӦʱѾص˷վĵص㣬ʱȴһˡ
Ԫڵʵʱȴͬһ㱻ǰĵϣȻǷһ˲㱻ӡ˵
㣬Ҫʲô죬˹򶨵ĵѲɣ㻹ȫɱˣ
ʶңûʵ
ʶ˺ܿҡͷȴԳֻҡ
ô
ȥЦ֪ʲô۾˵Ϲˣ
˵ʱ쿴ЦֱȴôѣǻҺ;塭


1183 ֣ȸ
֮ǰȺһֱǶԸǵǸһ
ֻǱЦУҲղŵţɫ̵˼㡭
˵˵ɣ㵽ʲôˣ˭ָʹôģ
쵭ĵЩ˻𣿡
ɱģȫɱģ
˺Ľָ죬ָǰˣغɱôˣɱǵֵѣںǴԣԣ
˻һܵʬ壬ΧٵҲ׷¶ŭݣ
ȻչֵʵȷǿķŭǺͬ롣
ȻҲһ㣡
ûʱΧЩھͬʱҲͬޱߵķŭ
΢˫ۿǰһУע⵽˫һĨϲһһӣһâֱϮɲŴ˵һҺұϣѪȪӿôʹѣڵϲϷ
ľ£˵ʹ̶ȷŴʮ֮࣡
ټﱻӡ޷ƾԪȥѹƣʶʱʹֱǷ˰ĵĥ
ɲǣ˵ĲģΧǸһղű̼ŭҲٴα־
Ȼ˵Щ˵ȷǱɱǲҪҶĻôһ߾ߵʬ壿˵ȫԼ̰¡
ټϣŵЩɱ¾ԶԼȥģѲõҶӦ
ǻ֮
һֶӺۿ˼ֲס˻ִһԪΪֹסѪʹ࣬ĵôҪҪʵȻ۶ȥʹࣿ
ҡҡ
˴Ŵͷ亹ҲմȾĳԵǰǱ
ȴԾҧȻû˵ʲôָʹΪ
һԪ֮ˣѰѾǳˣ£ǰʵһ㡣
ϰȴƫƫŴļ;ⲻòΪɣ
˵ǰɣܺã
˫һУȻ˾ĿУֱӴɵ׹Ͽգ·öǸ˲¹ͷĹˮ̶˾ʧĲȴ޷ͬ֡
˵ڱӡ˵ҲͱͨǿһЩȫʢʱڣʥصʵôô󣬸˿ķ֮
ô
ָ·ˮ̶ĵһλᣡ㻹ôӲĻͱֱٲˣղЩ׹ˮ̶˵ĽҲʬ޴š
вĻɱ˷˵ĺκθ飬˲ӶȻһֵ۾ǳȺдһۣûнӵκλӦȴǲ˫ֳһĨ
ע⵽һ죬ȴ΢΢Ծǰĵҿʼˣ
ɫӲҰףǹ⻺Уƾʲôսһᡭ

һ
һʱ׼ɿɲǣ˳ˣȵȡ
ôԸ˵ˣֽץаЦ
ҡ
׼˵ʲôȴĶһ۾һҲһ˿ϲõĿڵûָʹңùˣɱôˣѵǾͲ¡

˵Ļû˵꣬Ѿɿ֣ԭĻﱻһܳĲҺ
˴Ӹ߿ֱֱ׹䣬û˿ƫƵĳ·ˮ̶ȥ
Ϊٲɱ㣿
һУ˿ûⲻԶһ˫˫Ǿ壬ŭĿ⡣
һҺ󣬴˺ˮ̶ˮ̶죬˺֮ǰһʬ޴ĻһƮɢҲûκ˵Ļˣ
£һεĻĻʵˡ
ϧû
ŴŴš
׼صߵʱ򣬺Ȼζס·׹ڴоһΣͬʱŨܵʲôγһƵĳ׹ϯȥ
ֲڶ𣬺ض뵵Ĺߣһ˲䣬һֺ䤱ĸоټǿҵΣУɫ˼㡭
ô£
Ҫʲô𣿡
ÿֲ
˷׷׾ѣһų׹ȵǾ֡
Īʲô챦
ͬһеĻʸʸɫأǴӳ׹гĻ
챦
Ե˲٣Ŀ֮û
챦ǱؽٴһȷѪꡣ
ౡ
ͻأģո˲ƾֱصߵʱһģᵽصĽ漴˵Ŀ£ǳ׹ϿȻɫâʢһֻ˶༱ٷɳڳ׹Ͽղϵؼš
ƺһ㣬ڳ˶𵴣Ĥ۲ѡ
ʹ಻ʵ֮˱˫ѪͿҪѪһ㣡
쿴Ȼ
ģ֪˭һɻû˵꣬ȴǱȻסˡ
˶ſĻ罭뺣һ㱻ڣһ˲˲٣ָ¸ǲ½Ĺָ¶ȡ
ȻϹ޻ȸ
ʸһŨŨϲɫԿһ˿Ҫռе
ȸ
ôԣһ˫۷Ź⡭
Ҫܹûȸʵž޴İ
Ϲ޵ıҲŲɹĺô
ౡ
ܵĻ󣬻ȸ׳βһ˦籦ʯĻɫС۾Ǹ߰ɨһڳˣм
չֳռȸоȴ˿塣
磬Ϲް
ƽ۾Ź⣬ϣĵҪһֻϹޣǸöã
ˣ
û쿪ڣīƱֱͷһ£ûĵΪô򵥣ⱲǶûָԵˣ
īƽ㣬ֻ˵˵
ƽɥһίӣǲһЦ
ȸȻ֮ǰûһף
΢ݣ˸ǻ۵ĹâԵûô򵥣˵ȸʥ޷˵ѪͳȻǰȴҲŽֻǡ
˵һ٣ü΢ļֻǲֻȸЩ𣿡
֣
Ļ˾һϸϸȥȴδκβԾ֮
ȸҪˣ
һɲǣĴȺмٳһӰǻȸڵλ÷ȥϵ˷ƺѾûȸƵġ
ȺΪʮԪеһ
ٶȵҲܿ죬ںܶ˶ûӦ˲䣬Ѿɵ˻ȸϿգۿżȸץеɲǣȴǼǻȸС۾һĨм


1184 ǿĻȸ

˵ĿУȻһҺҲδȸʲôڴ˵ָսӴȸǻɫë֮ʣȻڳһɿֲĻ桭
Ƹ֮һ㣬Ŵ˵ֱ۱գۼȫĹ򣬴˱㻯һ̯ҽƮɢ
Ŀνʧ֮䣡
һĻڳ˶ʱһ
ԭٻųȥȡȸ˸æͣӣ߽˺üΨֱȸϣͷһֱӱһѻҽ
ǿ
Ǹ̾һǿԪڰȻôʧˣ¾ʥ֮˶һĶְɣ
̫ǿˣ̫ǿ˰
ƽҲ˫۸ΪĹâֳռƽ˫ȴܶࡣ
ɴ˿ɼƽҲȷǳ֮ģ
ǲ뵽ʲôˣղ˵ֵĵطĶīһ磬ʵ
ңֻǾöѣ
һЦֻ⻰ԵЩԲԡ
ܵܣôˣ
ĻīƲƲƲע⵽Щı飬ǳʵ

ûлش𣬺ûһ㣬һ˫ĿⶢǰϿеĻȸ˸Źĸӹâ
ǾϲֳŻɡ
ֱīƿĲĽ
ܵܣܵܡ
īļ򣬺һŻعīƽ㣬ôˣ
أŶԣղŷʲô񰡣īƲֵҽü㶼һһ㷴ӦûУ
ôǺǣ˼
ڨЦһ£ȴδ͡
īƸղѣֺݺһ£Цá
ౡ
һ˲䣬ȸٴ˾һһ֣Ψ
ҪǴһϰɣ
ȸ̫ǿˣһ£ȻΣ
ֻҪһ֣ȸһǵĶ֣
֮ٸƾ£ȸϾˣԲǴҵĶ֣
˵ȸҪеҶ֮ǰɱ¾ѾޱȾ£ǻȸϾֻ࣬ΪϹҲһǣôҲȡ
Ⱥӵϣпܽսʤ
˵һУٲȻѾһֵơ
ľͻʸȴǲδκεĶ
ǵļʶ϶ҪЩˣȻҲ϶Щȥڻҵ˼
Ͼȸ죬ܹշҲضΪ巢չһ̡
Ƕľͼǻʸֽշĳ嶯
Ȼľͼݿ϶޷ͻʸȵģڼȸʱ֪ͨ˶ľļ⹫ľƣò˶೤ʱ䣬ľƱԴ˸Ϲ
ʱΧЩĵڻңľҲԺͻʸһᣡ
ľͼĻȻôҲùʸλʸģ
ʱѾǻȸһӵϣȺиԹƴϮ籩һ˲㽫ȸȫ֣ĿֲƸؼľ𵴡
ౡ
ԵĻȸƺҲŭˡ
籦ʯһС۾иֳޱȵŭһк󣬱ϻɫâʢ
ٵȶ߰׳ĳһɫϯֲ¶ȸ˲

ɲǣһ˺ѷεĲҺȻȺЩɫ֮ͬһ㣬ÿϵʱӣữһѻҽƮɢȸǰûܿ
ҪǣЩȸ̫࣬ɫеֻмĶʱ䣬ȴҲܹˣܹͬȾһֻҪͬǽҽȫû취ֿ
ӵʱڣʱʮ˽һͷмû¡
ܰ
֪˭ҵľһЩ˷׷ٶȽȥκͣ
־壬ʱѾռǵļ⣡
һУһǱһУȻ˵Ŀֲ
ȸʵҲ̫ǿһЩ
ףа취𣿡
ʸУʸܷܷʸʵҪȻǻǱȥ˰ɣô˶أ
ٿ˵
ʸ˰֣۾ǳľǱһ¡
ŶľͼϵľƵľٶʸȻֻľԺ󣬿Ҫζ
ڵǻȸǲ˵ģֻҪǲȥӦòʲôΣա
ðɣǣӺǡ
ʸܷܷҧҧƽˣзһĨǸ⡣
챻ΧʸܷܷûйȥæںΡ
İɣǲģ
Ϊʸܷܷĸףʸβ֪ԼŮʲô
һЦԵƽСϲŮͲЩ
ס
˻ʸЩϷʵĻʸܷܷʱһĶ˶ţȻǿƽȴŨŨ⣬ûʸ˲һ̾һﷺĸо
ôŮƽһЩŽҪΪ˸뿪ԼʸЩ
Ȼֻһָı֣

ʱľƹȻˣֱ˲ƳڶľӪǱߡ
ţ
ľƵͷ˫΢еĿǰ׹ϿյĻȸȻϹ޻ȸôû˶ȥ𣿡
Ȼˣģ
ľͼЦһ£Żȸľٶϸ˵һ飬öľ˶ǲЩΡ
ȸ֮ǿȷ̫˲˼ˡ
ľ֣Ҳˣ
ʱʸŻʸߵ˶ľǱߣҲ˹ȥһ⹫͡ľǰ
ʸ־ȻԴ˹ôûΪҵɣľļ򣬶󳯻ʸЦ
ݿɲһ㣬һʸ֣
ʸЦղŵǿȴҵȶ۽磡ϲɹȡҶ
лʸǰ
쳯ʸǷǷԵ⹫ʸҪշȸ𣿡
ʲô뷨ֱ˵ľźЦ˿ûн쵱˵˼
ǰȻᣬȴ˿Щϼһлֱ˵ǣʸҲ֮Ц
һ仰̧̽˺۷ͬȵĵλҲͬʾľӡ
һëͷСӣĶʲô
ԳЦЦȴЩء
Ϊ֮ǰһֱ۲ȸʱǻȸɱʮ֮ʣȻ䵤ﲿλĸ飬ľ飬飬ռԼͬʱ˶
֮ȸʮ֮˾֮һ
ñ˵ȥҪӻȸѰҵǾ͸Ӽˡ


1185 Ȼʧȥ
˵ʵԣ
ʸܹշȸòȻ㲻ܣҲԲõĽؽȥܴв
Ҳ˼
ľҲ֮ףԵ˭õõȻ룡ʱʲôΣɽ˭˵׼
ȫΪ˸ԼĽǣҲʱӭ˶ľ߻ʸ֮˵ĵͷͬ

Ĳ֪ôȥ˵֮һԼŮ˺͸ɶŮټϿ֮⣬Ǹĸ
ĪҲʲô뷨
ע⵽ɫı仯ľЦǺǵĵټĻǾˣôҪҪ⹫ԣ˭֣

ԣʱЦһ£⹫ںҿЦذɣҵʵôùͻʸǰ
ǿɲһŶ
ľЦСӵжٵƣûҿ˭շȸСӵĿģ
Ҳͬľֵ˵ʸԥӦ

һЦ
⹫ʸǰȵȵȿɣ
һҾûô򵥣
Ŷ֪Щʲôľֵһ˫˸ŷƿԶİĹâ
Ķ֪Ǹоѣ
Ц˵Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬺ǿٴδȸ
û֮ǰּ񣬵ȴԳְơ
˲ʱ˵עȫǼһϣأ
ȸϺʢһȵ̫ɢӿӳĵƬնͨ첻ѣܵǷӿ޾ˮһӿȸڡ
ʲô
ʮֲ⡣
˿̣ΧǸһð⣬޲һ̱㽫ȸշƵġ
ϧղʮ˵ĲǼʲô嶯ȴȥʲôʵԵľٶ
ϾȸôãҪԼСûˣʲôã
Դʱ˲κξٶı֣ȴûʸͶľƶЩʧҪЩȥڻҵ뷨Ȼ
ڣǺã
ж뷨һҪȫԼһȴǶԻȸ񡭡
磬һ֣
ʸ˵ңľ֣ͬʱ֣ȥ̽̽ȸΣղȴҲûȥ̽һ¸Ϊˣ
ûģɣ
ľӦʸϵܣǳ˵ǰ棡Եһģʱϣ㲻ΪѲźã
ľˣ
ʸĿһۣЦүĹϵֲǲ֪շܱ˸ã
Ǿȶлʸϵˣ
ľƺͻʸͬʱЦЦȴڿЦá
⹫ͻʸǰƺѾȸ֮һ㡣ƺҲ̫һЩ
ˣǾһ𣿡ʸ
ãһ𣡡
ľƵͷҲʼ磬аɣ˵
£˵μͬʱԭʧȳֵʱȴѾֳͽϻɫâʢĻȸΧ
ౡ
Ȼ׼ֵɲǣȸһУ˶ζȻĺɫƮɢôֱʧˣ
ô£
ôȻʧģ
òǱշ˰ɣ
ΧһеǷ׷׾첻죬ľԼʸ˵Ҳǹ졭
ô
Լ˰Χɢĺɫ㣬ľƽüͷƺЩԾǻȸôôŹֵĺȻʧ
ǰ
ʸҲ֮ͷĪǣһֱʲô
ˣ⹫ʸǰ
֣εĿЦѾʧˣҲôˣȻȥأ
ˣ
ȥ⣬ȴûʸͶľƶһ㶡
ǰ߻ʲô
ǺһЦǷǷ󣬱к뿪
ƽЩԥһۻʸܷܷջǹԹԵظԶˣڶľͼǱߣܹȥ֪Ͷľͼ˵ЩʲôڶľͼͷЦĺԶ
˰ˣ
һ˵ӰʧУʸҲεİ֣ľ֣ҲˣȸûԵְ
аɣҲߣ
ľҲ֮뿪ӵʱ䣬ҲΧЩ˶Զˣ˼ĵ˻׼¹۲֮⣬ԭֵĻ
ţЩĵ׹ڣѰˣ׹ȷһ׶죬ûҵȸټҲֻһһ뿪

ҹºڷߣȴ֮ͬһ㣬׹ȸڵҲȫȻʧԵޱ䡣
кƹʱдһ㣬ſҲ˼̵ա
ৡ
һӰһĳڳ׹ȿڣ谵Ĺȥ˾Ȼ죡
ûȥˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ֵĻȸһγ壡
˫˸âһǿҵϲ֮ɫ
û´Ļȸ龭ʱӦѾ߱ĳԣ
һ߹۲ų׹ΧһߵϧҲ֪ʲôطô鷳
ͨѰˣңҪ죡
˫΢УҪ׼ʱԱȴǺһռӣһӰи˳
ʲôˣ
ͣ¶Ťͷȥ
ң
ӰӦȻ⹫ľơ
⹫ôᡭЩ𾪡
Сӣ
ľһЦ浱⹫ϺͿһ㶼˽СһӻˮҪǲ׼ôôˬĴ뿪

ԶʱЩ漴̳Χȥû˳֣΢һ
ˣҲˣֻһˣ
ľЦЦ˵˵ɣСǲѾ֪ʲô
ðɣ
Цһ£ص⹫ҪӦңɲܸκˣǱһȥ˵ģ
ãã
ľҲûгɵĵͷ⹫Ӧˣôڿ˵ɣ
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ȵȡ
⻰ľƵɫһ࣬˵飿ĸ飿Īǡ
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1186 þľƵ𺳣
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˵Ϊľļľƿ϶ҲǼʶ㣬ܹô𾪵Բ࣡
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һľһ̾ʮҵʥأټϸ飬㡭㵽׻жܰ
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֮һж֮ǰһģһһ𻵻߱仯ûУ¾ڽһ׿ǿСʯͷûκα仯֮ŵֹȫûκӰ죬Ҳֵĵط
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ȻԱߵĶľȴһûеʲôǰˮ̶ٴӿһʮ׳ˮ̺Х˷ͶľڵλϮ
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ʱܵĻȴȻûκα仯ͷ·𷽲ŵЩֻλһ㡣
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ܿռѣһӿˮ̶ƷһһݽƮɶÿһȴһޱϢͶľƮɶ
ٶȺȴܿռĲͶľƵɫԵúء
ѾȷԼĳֻУֻΧĹȷ̫죬ֱӴ͸壬һ㣬֮ǰˮԼڵˮݣƶˮԹʵϵȣȴǱ֮ڻȥҪԳܡ
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ʱһһĹȥľֺǻڵйҲ֮ȫʧɫâУܿռƶڲϵڸľתһ㣬Եޱ
Ŵš
Ȼ֪׹ȥãһͬռѰ֣ܻȻһͬһʱ䣬Ͷľȴǰٴ˲һűָ

ŻΧɫһϲĵ⹫ˣ
ǰҲоˣ
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ȻܵĻһ㶼ûб仯ָоȴǲƭ˵ģ
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⹫ʻףȴҲδʲôһٴνԪľڣľɢɫâնһֱ·ˮ̶ˮ̶ӳǳɫĲƣȴƽ˼ֹС


1187 Ѫʹ
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˿Ҳû˵𽥱ɫâˮ̶ɫԵЩء
ܹɹȡĻôӣ뼯ĿҲ֮ҪǣһɹضԴһǿļܡ
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ǺܺõѹסּɫȻǰһУרĵĿľתԪȪӿ㲻ȴҲͬԳ˼ֵĽš
ľվһԣ죬ľԼˮ̶߲ͣҲԵЩΡ
Լ
뵽ԼľٶľƱǺڵ˼㡣
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ܹôһضž޴ĺô
ңľΪԵʣѾ׷۵뷨Ҳһջɡ
ܹԶľһֹеĻȽ˳ɾͣضҲǶľ֡
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Ȼ䣬ֻһ죬ضΪ֮һ
âĹƺ󣬶ľѪʹͬʱһ󣬸Էʮſס
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㲻Ϊ죬Ϊľ棬ľƶԲܺһμͳľ壿


1188 ľˣ裡
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1189 弼Ѫն
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ѹٻô򵥣Ϊһ᲻֪ǿ󣿡
һĻаЦϹâɫɫɫɫԼɫֹâʱſ
ռ䣬ҲΪҲѣ·ʱֱӱƣ
𼼡ս죡
죡
ľ裡
𼼡裡
ҫŭ
գۼ䣬ֲļܶʱչ֣ͬɫľХŻذƳѪʹֱϮȥ
弼չֳȴһԽܵ𺳣һֱעߵĶľҲǱסˣ
⡭Īǣȫǡ
ľԼ۾žԵ𺳣
죬㾹Ʊ
Ѫʹо˼ΣŭѵڣֱϷˣĸоɱ
Ѿ˲ʲô˲˵ˣǲɱ죬ƽϢͷŭ
ȥ
ûѪʹŭХԪȪӿϮȻƽ
ǿ
ľ̲סһЩʥصʵȴоԼĹƣܹסҲܵˣʹ˱ɷˣ
죬Ҫɱ㣡
ŭУѪʹȻѪʢĿռ֮ɲٴǿͺڶ˫ѹѪⲻᣬȻֳһħѪɫӰ񡭡
ֳ־޴˫棬ɫޱһ˫ͭС˫ͬҪƵġ
Ѫն
һŭȣѪɫӰ˫漱ٻ裬ֲѪɫ˲˫ӿȻ㳯Ǳƽӭȥ
һ̣Ǿ޴ѪɫӰͬɫľȻڰжײһ


1190 һĨӰ𺳣
һ̣صһж˲
Ƭʼ䣬ֻʣѪʹһѪľ޴Ӱ졭
·һ˲䣬ַ·ǧ֮á
໥ײһʱ㱬صĺ죬ѵĿռѷ첻ϸ֣·Ǻ¡¡Ľ¶һѷ죬ǶľƼʱ󳷣Ҫˡ
䣡
أ
ĺĵ׷
Ǳһ̫Ŀֲ£ѪɫӰ˫趯УȻ˼ĹȴԾɱ𣬳ֲֿ֮⣬Ȼûʲô̫Ч
ۡ
һѪǾ޴֮£ɫ԰׵ĵɶǿĳɳ׹ء
׹֮ڵϺݺ˺ü£ǿǧýվʱǧýȴѾ޹⣬ȫ֮У
죬
һɲǣѪʹЦٴ
ǵѪɫӰ˫漱趯Ѫڿпᣬֱǿƻٵ޴һѪɫѸײڶ֮ƣĲѪϢצĳλֱϮȥ
ã
ڵķľпٻָôʱ䣬ȴֻάڸȴ޷ָڴʱȫ֮⣬ڽʲôЧĵֿ
ѪɫŻһеĿֲƣٶ֮磡
Ҫ
Ϊ㲻ȥʱ򣬶ľȴһָһЩȻ˲Ƶǰ
˫ĿԲŭĿհƣ
⹫Ҫ
״߳

ľû˿һѽ͵棬ᶨĿתԪ˷ĳѪɫӭȥ
أ
ľȻһѪȾ½׵ĺ룬ȴûκ֮⣬ȻԪϵʹ࣬Ѫɫٻ⡭
ڣľƳɹˣ
ѪɫʧԼȴֱ˵ϣϱѾٴγ֣¾ͬѪһ
ǻһĻ¶Ҫˡ
⹫
Ȼһ𣬴ԶӶԥĽҩιľ԰ֽɫ𽥸ֳһĨɫһ
ĶľƣѾƻ߰˰ˣǴϲ٣Ҽʱõҩټʥʵ̣Ҳڻᶪ
⹫Ǻοأ棬Ц
ǰ⹫Բһң
ľǿһЦѵһֱҶҲһһծɣֻҪû¾ͺãȻضǵĶ簡
⹫
첻֪ôشڳŸж
һ̣ߵĲʲôľļֻһΪԼϧ⹫
ҲڣϿԼ⹫˺үүԨͬȵλϣ

ʱѪʹĹЦٴ
ŵ弼ȻоΣȴδʲô̫Ӱ죬ڸܵһ𵴰ˡ
Ǻܸ˰
ѪʹڰϣѪɫΣЦȻүˣǾñһͬ󣬵ȱƹ˶ľ壬һúõؽǰᣬ
⹫Ⱥúˣ
һվ
ŵʱ䣬ٴεľΪľƼӿƵĻָǼӿ죬ȴҲҪٵʱ䣬ϾľƵƵȷһЩ
ԼȴҲͬʮأʱΣȴݲٴλָ
ľĴڣҲҪ
ô죬㻹ͱ𣿡ֱԼѪʹĻǲм
ûУ˲֪
˫һУǿʹٴתԪһεļӿ
ۣҲ뿴㵽׻ʲô
Ѫʹмʼ硣
ڵƣʵ½˲ֹһѪʹʲôġ
ãһ㿴ģ
Ļһ䣬漴ڿգ˫ֿӡЩںϿǵУǴһ̩ɽѹ纣ӿľҳ֮С
ת֮һתɽ
תѺ
תأ
΢˫ۣƴ۷ɲǣʱŭȳ
ɲǣռ֮УɽˮذĿֲϮȴѪʹ˫۶Ȼ
ȻϢ
ѪʹԳȹĪ񼶣
룬ѪʹĶ˿
Ȼ˫̧֮ǰֹһֹռ֮ٴѪʹĿ£ֱӳǾתʽĿռľ޴УһǻûɺԵѪٴθֳʵѪҺ
񼶹ȴǿˣ
Ѫʹ˫һݣĻº󣬱ѪâٴӿһγһѪɫǴֲֿļѹͿռгѵĳλϮȥ
ۡ
ûѪɫһѪٴδӰ׹ڵأ䡯һһӣǹѵ
Ѫɫȴûͣµ˼ѪʹĿ£ϮȥҪֱɱƣ

ԶľĿѣɴʱȴϴ˾ȡ
𡭡
һɲǣۿѪɫϱƽұȻ׹ʢŭѩֱԱ֣Ѫ㳯Ѫɫ˹ȥ
Ϲѩʨ
Ѫʹ˫ͫһݣƺ뵽ʲô˫ֳһĨŵɡ
𡭡
ѩƳ֣Ͷľ𾪵ĿУֱӽѪɫһ븹ڣ΢Ťһ»һ׹⣬ָǳﹷģصߡ
ѩƣôǵġ
ء
˼ѩͷ󣬱ǻصұУȻ˳˯
ȻղֱѪɫѩƲòó˯ȥָͨѩ֮⾫ϵȴ֪СһﲢûΣգֻҪһʱȥա
ˣ΢һڳѩƵĸм
Σʱ̣ѩƵĳֿ˵Ǿһ
ϧΣûȥѪʹǰ
찡죬С㣡㾹Ȼѩʨշ
ѪʹЦһ漴ȴɱʢȴǸ㲻ãٳɳȥؽΪѪµĸ󻼣
£ѪʹԶ֣һ㳯Ϯ˹ȥҪԽɱƣ
ʱ˿̣Ҳ
㶯ԣ
ȻһɲǣһŮɫӰĿռֿ
ѪʹĹϮ֮ǰȻֵɫӰֱӵǰһϹĳУѪʹƺһԸٶȵɶ
𺳣
һĨӰͶľƶо˼𺳣


1191 α򣬷ʹ
㣡
˺ѪʹȻֵɫӰ¶˫иֳһĨ֮ɫ
⣬һοѪʹ˵ɫ

ȻѪʹĻɫӰȴǷ·ûһü΢
˲ӣɫӰüͷӽ壬˫ҲٵһĨŨɱ
ȿȡ̣ô㣿
ȲѣԵ쳣Ǳ
ûṆ̀Ҳ֪ıΪĪɽ쫷󽫼ʱҲҪһˣ
ô㲻𣿡
ŵɫΣۿɼٶȻָܿȴע⵽쵤ﲿλ״һĨϲ
̣ôˣһĪ̷Լܣ
ǺǡСӣ浱ɵ𣿡
̧ͷϳһ£㣬Сǰûܣߺߣ

һ£Ҳ̴֮⣬ɵһЦ
ˣ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ģ
ļѾָòˣȥǸ⹫˰ɣѪµСӾͽ
Сӣ
ѪµСӣ
Ѫʹ첻Ц˳Ѫʹ˸ĿǶ˺ܼɵǶֱ̲סĳˡ
л̣
Ц֮󣬱ľȥȻʱĶľȴ˵˫ЩŹ֣ǰζ˺ü£ʹöľѹ
⹫ôˣ첻ʵ
λλǰ˭
ľƵʵ̣ҵĳ𣿡
Ҳ֪̺أҸ㲻ҡҡͷЦ
أ
ľһиٵһĨĿ⣬쵹ûעЩ⹫Ұָһ£
ã
ľ񣬲ٶԵı˫Ŀվ󣬵ﲿλľ飬ͨľľƿʼָơ
ʱǸصˣȴһᣬĿ˶Ѫʹĵϴλû㹻Ľѵ㾹ȻҶɱģ㡭ǲǻòͷˣ
㵽ʲôˣ
ѪʹΪ޹أòҪǵ飡ʵǿѪҲǳصģ
Ѫº˲𣿡
ЦһĵĹǡڣ
лû˵еֲм볰ȴʮԡ
ˣҲϻ
ûѪʹ˵ʲô˱ǽһƽΪҲȥܣǧ򲻸ã֣գұСѪµСӣЩˣ붯ܶģ
£϶ȻϹ뵶ɲǼƵģֱӽѪʹ˱ȫγһĿռ䣬˵Ķľƺ춼ɫһݡ
ǡôܣ
ľ˫ͫһ뵽ĳֿܣ֡
Ƕ̵ʵе𾪣Ҳֲ²⣬ȴԼš
㣬㡭
Ѫʹɫ䣬ҪʱϹʱչֳޱǿѹȫȫһָͷּѡ
ʱѪʹ˵ǰͬӤһȫû֮ǰҪɱͶľ֮ʱſ񱩣
һαѣȻôţ
ȴЩ΢αʲô磿Ѳʥм䣬ôһαĲν׶Σ
ԭα򣡹ֲãֲã
ľƵ΢һ˿̵ľѾָһЩЩϵľϣЩɺԵѪ֮⣬˼ˣҲƲὫһղŻ˵˿
⹫α򵽵ʲôʵ
αʵҲ򣡡
ľ˵Ǽ伮ϼأʥ֮ϱ򣬶ʥר˲ƣҲͬרȴ˶Ǿǡ򣡡
򣿡
һָǰƺʧǰһƬռ˺Ѫʹʵڵ

ľƵͷֻˣǿߣʵͻ򣬵ȴδģααҲֻʥǿһЩ֮ȴر֣֮
ǸѪʹ֮ˣֻҪͷųүܼôãľƿЦ
򡭡
˫۷Ź⣬ڴ
⹫ɷ̵֪ʲôʵ
ô֪Ҳδ̫⹫ˣ
ʻľƵЦѣҡͷ˫ǿߣ׽ˣصռݾƵ£ܹǰ֪ԷԣʲôҲֻеȶԷͷų֪ģ
ԭˣ
Ȼף˵ҲˣôֵʲôˣĻչˣӦҵ˲Ŷ԰үү˿֪
ߣ֮ˣ֮ǰôңУ׻жҲ֪ģ
ĺܣʵԼʶԽԽ࣬·оԼȻĳУ޷԰Ρ
ͶľƶԻ֮ʱ˵УȻɱȻ֮׷Ѫʹͬϵһ㣬޷κЧĵֿ˵ѳȥˡ
Ѫʹǰɣ
̧ǽźұۣ˫Ϲƣĵԡ
ɱʮ㣬ɻûȴǺȻ΢ǽӵʲôƵģǲĵ˵ôҪǳʲô飬ǡ
ˣǵİɣߣˣ֪ڱ͵˵ãҲ֪ܺˣˣ
Ľѣ˴˿ԳСŮ̬˿ûѪʹ֮ʱޱϡ
˺ˣ֪
˰˰֣˲⿪ʱǶԭΪձѪʹȴֱסˡ
ʲôٿСĹ˫ۣ
ûĳѪʹһֳۣĿռߵڿԹˣҼסҪҿ֣ҰƤ
ৡ
ѪʹҶԣѪʢɲǣ㻯һѪâɿʧ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô˻ôסؼģ
̣ЩĶһۡ
ǰ
ߵǰҧҧɲ̵ܹģҲֱɱǸСӵģǡ
˵˺Ľ죬û̧׳ϿյˣҲ˵ôǸҼסһȥ֮󣬿ôʰǣߣˣԼġ֪չˣ˻˵ңǡˣ
̡̣˵ʲô쿴ǺڷƵ̣ʵ
ûʲôûʲô
˰֣һԺҪӿŬѪ¿ɲ˽ô򵥣סŶˣ࣡
£컹ûӦ֮ǰһڣǡЦ˲뿪ˣֱЦá
ʱǶľڽǰ˵֮ʣȴͷȻһĶĳֵ伮ͻأĸͷɵ˫ͫһǰδе𾪣


1192 ǻӣ
⹫⹫
һֱ뿪һʱ䣬ľȻԵЩһ˫ͫԵľ벻˼֮ɫ
컽˺üΣöľƻع
⹫ôˣܲ⡣
ûû£
ľҡҡͷԵأ죬ȴҲûж˵ʲô
û£
ɵĴԼ⹫Īʶ̣
ʶ
ľƳٴҡҡͷ쿴һֱ黹˵ʶ

һľƽɫ⹫˵һ䣬һҪǸǰùϵ
ùϵһԼ⹫ʲô˼
ʵˣ㽫֪ˣ
ľƱ׼ʲôȴֺܿһ̾ӵһ뿪ķ򣬰ֵˣѾˣǻȥɣǸ˵ѪʹҪֶԸ
ңǱô
ЦãǸѪʹֻα򣬲ǿߣµʱ϶࣬񲻹ʥذˣƾôĵƣҪսʤαĸ֣Ҳʥأʥأ⻹ڵ̶ֳȫʩΪпսʤ
Լһԣ
ľĳԵˣǻȥɣ׼ȥһЩϣأ
ңֱӻذɣ
˼һ£ٴԵ⹫ǱҲСģѪµпѾĿʼˣ
ĳˣľɫصķʵ
ʵԴԵ޹ʵĺȻգȻͻȻ򿪣֮ȫΧѰϵʱ򣬶ľƱѾ˲²⡣
ǵģ
ҲûҪԼ⹫֮ǰľƲҲҪԼȫΪж
漴򵥵Ľ˵һ飬öľƶȻɫ˲䣬ȵòѪ£ȻҶ۷֣ѵǾͲѰ·𣿡
ˣղ˵ּ֮֮󣬶ľʵ
ѾժȡҶ⣬ֱ֣ٺ;֥ص
٣
ľһ漴Цõĵ治֪أ˻Ե㿴ʲô
˵䣬ľһڱһԼĪҵĳ٣ͨɫŵ⣬һɳǿٺһ㣬·ʱݵߡ
٣
쾪ȵԼ⹫ľȴЦǺǵĵⶫҲʱһֱҵĴָûóȴû뵽Ҳİּ֮֮һʲôȥ
⹫͸ˣ
˭
ľЦŽУСӿҵûӣѲ㻹벻⹫ˣ
ǲǡ⣬ðɡǾͶл⹫ˣæҡͷڶľǹ£æպá
ˣղ˵һǾ֥콫պãľЦЦ漴ʵ
ǰĪ⹫ܰѾ֥һøңҪǾ̫ˡ
СӣΪ⹫ô£
ĻľƵû̧ͷһ£Ц⹫Ҫ¶ѾˣȻûо֥ȴ֪ǶĶ

ԣЩʧȴ۾һȲӡ
˵Ҳɣ֮ǰǴŸң˰עǸԼب˵𣿡
żӣľЦЦ˵ȻڻûЩ˵ľ٣֥Լң
֥Լң
һȴǿЦá
⵹̫ɺˡ
ȰûȥȻ˵Ͼ֥ҲֹԼһ꣡ľ˵
Ǻã⹫Ҳ˵ˣȻȥˣͷ
ȥɣ
ľЦЦ˲뿪Ӱɵ˫οͬʱȴ¶һĨɻ͸ӡ
վԭغһľ뿪׹ȳ֮ǰսɵĲ֮⣬Ȼָ˳׵ƽ


ĳǱ˷ߵѪʹһҺƾճֵһֱӻУʹŵڵϡ
ʲô˸͵Ϯ
ѪʹԷĶֶ֪òȶɻΧȴһƬļžû˻Ӧ
͵ϮСˣ
׼ٴɺȻһѪʹ۾ֱһġ
˭˭־͸
Ѫʹûðɣ֮ǰ裬ڵı͵ϮƵĽѪɫܵĻ꣬һԲʮ֮ڵһж촷ۣ涼˲䱻˲١
ɣ˶ΧʼûκλӦ
ΨСһһϮ
䣡䣡
أء
Ѫʹ߻أ˷ֶȥգۼһͷԴȫͣԼȴӰû
Сˣ
ѵû𣿡
ֲͷ¶β󱲣
ЩѪʹﲻϺţӷƵĲϳ˷ӴѪɫ
ô𣿼ȻˣҾͳȫ㣡һƺᣬȴָһֲ֮С
磬˵ôʲô㣬ղŻֱɱأø鷳
һŮʮֵͣȴһָ߰ɸһĸ°ϡ
׻ǸӣҪһЩĥ£ƺŮ˽͡
ĥ£ߣ
Ůһ£ĵҪһû취ߣһ㣿
ãã֪˻ôͷİɣ
οŮȴҲٴΰһ
ʱһһŮӰֳûκοռ䲨ͬһֶ͸ղ֮ǰЩԻѪʹɫѿ˼㡭
֮ǰ裬ȴֱֱӣѪʹܹܣ
ǵʲôˣΪʲôҪ͵Ϯ
Ѫʹûн֮ǰŮԻеʲôסϵһûǷȥ룬Ϊʲô
ûǸ˵ʲôһϮɫȹŮȴüһûʲôѪʹŸʹŷɿʮף˸κεĻ֮
㾹Ϊʲô
ȹŮϣǸκͿЦУһȭһŵĺѪʹϣһֻڵϲϷʹ
ʹŹʮӣѪʹ٣ֻʣһȹŮӲͣߵǻӣα򣬾ϣһŲüƾҶĶӶ֣ޣ


1193 ټ񽣣
ˣ
ӿźȹŮǱӣЦõǰסαغǻȥɣ
УҲ
ΪĺȹŮӺǰһ漴ȴСŮתת˵磬Ҫȱ˰ɣװѪ¸ǲҲԼµĻ𣿡
ɴ˵ҪҪֱӳְ򣬻߾磿˺ȹŮӵĻûķһۡ
СԸˣû˵
ȹŮƲƲ죬ˣ߰ɣȵȣ
ҪתɲǣȹŮȴȻһŷߣٴνѪʹ׿ǳЦõУӵֱ˽нԶӦ˵ԶߵıӰУһʧ
ȿȡۡ
һһŮʧѪʹſѪǿֱ˫гޱȵĿ־塣
ղǺȹŮӶʹŹûɾ͸ͬӤԳǺȹŮӲûɱֵĻͳһʬˡ
ʲôˣУһҪ֪ͨϣ
ѪʹǿмţһĳǰȥǰеͬʱΧָһֱܹǿʹ˲֮ʱŸϽ˲뿪ΨǶŮٴγ֡
磬ǾôɵķŹ
߿Ʋۣ֮ȹŮ·ѪʹӰü΢ĵʵȻǿֻϣڵȴ̫ǿˣҪĳʲô⣬ǡ
ûȺȹŮ˵꣬ӱ㽫ӵ뻳Уİɣµģ˵һֱڹעҲڵ״Сĳ磬ῴ׳£
ҪղŴŰ㶼ǼһɱأȹŮû
֮սʵ;Ľݾ
ӳ̾һ׾ֻ꣬˾žŰʮһΣÿһεֻǶڿţɺüۿҪɹˣȴƫƫʧܣʮһֻõһΣɲΪٳʲô󣡷¾Ļزˣ
ðɣˣ
ȹŮҧͷҲ֪֮ǰĺüֻ͵͵İû취ѣҲᵼʧܡ
ãȻȥɣľҪˣûȥȺȼٺ٣˵
ˣ֪һƹǰôûأߺߣ
ȹŮӲϵرԹЦĺһͬǸ߿Ʋ֮ʧѪʹȥ˺δǾ㲻һֱҲʮǵʵ¶һֻСӣҪ֪Ҳ˲ȫ˽

̫ˣֱ̫ˣ
Ҷٶˣھͻһ־֥
ȥ׹ǱȥˣøлľҪǶлл
ƵڣóҶ٣Ԩ˾ϲЦտԱߵĴŭԼΪѪûȫֻϵĶҲ¶Цݡ
٣ڿŭƺĲǺѪ°йᣬ˼ͶݵˣǷĲֻϷûܹĿ϶
ֻҪּ֮Ｏ룬Īˮڼ֮ؽƶƳãôҵıƶ𣬶ȨĶҲ𲻵κá
ˣ⹫˵Ҫһ־֥ԼҾеģ˵
Լо֥
֮󣬶ʱͺðˣȥϵԼܸʲôۣһҪ֥øǣ
˵ţҪת뿪ƵȥϵԼҼԼᡣ

ݿЦõĽס˵ôֱϵԲκγ⣡һ⣬Ǿ֥ҲҪֳǵĳǣ򣬿ԼҲ˵ҵһڶ
˵ǣ̫żˣ
Цһ£漴Ŀ⻷ڳˣϣһˣ
ã
ԥĵͷʵ岻֣Ҳ׼һ˵ġ
㲻ΪԼҵľ֥ҲȥǱ߿񽣵ɲԼֵ۸
ټϣԼب飬Լһ˿ȻȥԼҵǲ֪ʲôԼڲǲںѪ°й᣿
ب֮ǰĳ֣ȷֲɻ
ϧب뱱֮һֱûκϢҲԴϲµһ
²˳٣ڻȥʰһ£̳
˵ڳڳλǷ񣬱뿪ˡ

۷ԼҵΧΪλõԵʣ󲿷ֵطů紺ǳΪ˲Ϊʺĵط
֥ҲʺֻгɳϧΪ̫Եʣûж˼˵ӵˡĪˮ˵ƶİּ֮У֥ҲΪϡٵһ֡
۷Ȼи֣֮ʵϵĲȴ̫ԼңҪĸ嵥һԿĻʤܿ϶Ҳ֮䣬İˡ
ΪİߣԼߵĵλ֮ͬ򣬶ľ֮ڱһ޶
ҲԵ°ȻҲû̫ĵ飬Ͼ˵һֵľ֥֮ء
Լأ֮ɽС
ɽľɽû֮һ
ݴ˵ɽɫ£Ҳ˶⴫˵ǷʵͲö֪ˣɽ֮֮͵ĵص㡣ϣԼܹкԼ֮˿УԼԼңӴһɳ죡
Ȼ뷨˺ܶ࣬ʵֵȴ򲻴һ
׹򣬱ɽɣһСǳƵģÿڶĴ󲿷ֶԼҵԱҲԼҪԴ֮һ
ţһֱΪŷ
˲ƣܿ׹ϣΪ֣ﵹû̫ĸо
ܿѰһƵס򵥵ϴһº󣬱ǷԸƶ׼õľƲˣԹԵĳԺ
Ժȹ׹йţǰʱ֣ȥʽݷãϾڴңɲȱ
ף
ţȴǺĽŲͣ£ȻĿǲԶ˶
һİףȴһۿǱ˵ģַͷǰ̸챾̸ֻһˣǾǿ񽣣
һȻˣ
΢΢ȴǲ¶ۼĳͦһİ׵Ŀ˹ȥ
١
оûйڵϢʱɫһϲҪ˵ʲôʱȴǱֹס˲¶ۼĴȺƫƧ֮ȥ
ܿ죬𽥻谵ĹߣĳǽƫƧûĵ˵ôŪôѿòѾĸòǱԼͨ˰ɣ


1194 ݷԼ
ĻſȥΪ¶һĨЦүҲģ˭֪Լҵ˾Ȼ˵ɱǵˣȻȡ˵ıԴѧѪ񻯣
Σ
ķһۣô
Ҳ֪
ǰͷյĵü죬ò״һϢǰʱԼиŵˣȻʬ屻ҵʱԴѾߣȻպðǸʱҲһԡ
ͳ򣡡
һ۶ûĵСôôùûǸֵϢ
ûУ
񽣴Դεػص֮Լҵ˾ȫʼ԰ˣ
Լѵȫǰ׳𣿡
ΪһסĶˣסĶڶһȥȥݷԼң
ðɣүģ
İţ񽣺ԥĴӦ
ԼֻҪԼүʲô£
ȥ¥ûԱֿһ䷿˺úõ˯һڶڳԹ緹󣬱һͬ׹ʮ￪ɽȥ
һ·ϣҲϸ콲һʱĵͷĿѾʥ۷壬ʵѾԺʥ֮ȡ
ֻǣʵԼ˵̫̫ˡ
ԼһΪ񽣾ɱ֣ҪԸĻǶԿ˵ضһ£
һ·˲ҪɽѰһԵĸɫ˵ȣͿǾͬеˮΣ˿ûκ˵ע⡣
У𽥽ɽķΧͨṩľ·ߣ˲ϵɽдǰУȻҲһЩħޣȴû̫ķȻ롭
ʲôˣ
ۿžҪ뵽ɽڲĵӰ˸
Լ⸽ĻҲԼصĵһߣǵʵڵԪҰˣͿҲͷǣֻʽݷãҲûΡ
λһ죬ǰݷԼңλæͨǰƵĳ˹ֵ
һ
һ£漴ϸĿһۣͬʱպøԵڴԺ򣡡
鷳ˣЦŵͷͿվԭء
ȻѾ֪һᣬʱ˻ǳһڻɣǲ˹װΪԷһҲΪ˲ң˻ľ
ˣһٵ˺Լҵ⴫ŷȥ֪ͨء

Ӻ󣬰һЦĴӰԶٶΪ׵ĺȻԼҼԼᡣ
μ
ǼԼᣬʱ
ˣ
Լ˰֣漴첽ǰЦľ͹ˣ֪ͨϷҲôԼʢӭӰ
ǰˣ
ǷǷ˴ΰݷãҲЩִ٣ʧ֮ǰ²ǣ
ˣϷһ£
ԼԵüΪ׽ߵǰָһʮˣҵĴ˶ϷѾô񣬴󲿷ֶƹܣ
Լ˶˶칰
Դ
Ҳǻһ漴ЦԴǰӣԺΪһεԼҼǿϲɺأ
˵Цˣ
ˣҲؿˣϷĶӣƣԼֵ
Զ磬ã쳯֡
Ʋڡơ֮ʮ꣬һƵЦݣƺðĸо
ͷһԼңҪգúõ棡ֺЦԵ
ǺǡȻȻ
ĻӦţȻҲֻǿ

ԼأͬľһһĿռ䣬ӱϿزûʲô̫
Լͬ£һЦǺǵĲֱ
ˣλСǡ֮ԼĿڿϣЦ档
ҵѣ
ûоܣֻǼģ˵һ¡
ԭˣȻСѣȻҲԼҵѣ
ԼҲûٶʣЦЦԴҷ緶
ݰ٣Ӧòֻǵݷô򵥰ɣԼֵ
ǰۣ
ϣԼǷǷ˵˴ΰݷãȷҪ󣡻ǰӦʣ
֦ͬһͬͬˣֱ֮˵ǣ
ԼЦӦһ֮⻰˵úëҲû˿࣬ȴҲûиκ׼ȷĻӦ
˵Լһ֥֪ǰɷǷ
ҪǼҵľ֥
ԼᱻĻŪһ£Աŵ˶ƶҲһ㶣˶ɫȻһ˵ɲЦݡ
ǵģǰӦʣס

ԼЦһ£Ҫ˵ʲô֮ʣȴǺİִϵˡ֮ԣҹԴƺѾԪ۷ܳһʱɣǰӦʵĻԸ˫ַɫ֪ǰΣ
ɫ
Լһ˶Ҳ˫սԳּ

ͷ˵ԴۻֻҪһɫͬʱǰЭĻ±ɳɹͻƣʣɫҲڲõĽΪԼٴλʥ֮ˣ
ҲӦ֪ҶԻϷһʱ䣡
ԼԥŵλСҲǵһԼأλ߿մʱҸһ𰸣
ˡ
ҲûоܾϾֽȻ˫ҲܹҪһЩ˼ʱ䡣
Ǻǣããưλȥ߰ɣϷ磬СǧԼЦ
ǣףӦ
лǰ
ͿҲǳԼһŸƺ泯ȥ
طȻвٵͬ㣬ͬȴҲһЩ֮ҲĿ
뿪Լ˶Լƽĵ˶ô˴νΣ
˵ʵڵȷҪɫ
Լѡļ̳ˣ˶ҲԼĵ뷨ɫ㺢һţԣҲڶʱΪǼµʥ򣡶ҶȻ󣬿ʵ϶ǵò󣡡
ԣͬ˴νԼ᲻ɫĵ
ǵģף˶ͷӦ
ҶǼ֮˶Ҫⶫʲô
ԼʳָôţԵǰʱľٶҲΪѰԣǽȷǿԣδԽ˶õĺô


1195 ԼᣬȻķԣ
ʱԼ˵֮ʱ۾΢΢ЩâͬһֻϺƵġ
ղ˵һ֦ܹͬΪԼøĺôֶֺΪ
ܲԼҵֱӻɣ
֮ԣǸλӦ˶ڱʵ
ȲȽٶ̽̽˵
Լ˰֣˸źЦȻѾΪһϾһЩϷĻϲܲ㽫Ŀ˵ɫĻ
˵϶и
˶Լ׻֮⣬۾һܹõɫǿԼڶʱʥ򣿡
ΪǴ⣡
Լףˣ˶ȥһɣסǧҪ¡һЩ
ǣף˶Ӧŵ
ˣبû𣿻УǸп񽣵СôˣԼʵ
ܻ棬ϴ˵ҪȥǱߣʲôҲ׷ģ˱ʲôģˣ̫ˣһʱǻ
˶ЦЦ漴ɫһ˵ڿ񽣡ƺʧӰ٣ǵѾ򶼼ֻҪ˳֣Ȼܲ
ţ
˶ĻԼԵ˶£Ϊģ㲻ƺЩŹ𣿡
Źָ֣ǣ˶һ
˵ɱԼҵĵϵӦŶԣȻŵĳ֣˿ⲻô
Լ˵ڶ񽣶ȥ˱ԴôܻὫõô˳֣
Ҳ㣡
˶ͷ漴ֵ븸Ƕˣɱ˺߱ԴôܻԼרѪ񻯣ֲԼҵĵϵѪ
˵Ҳǣ
Լ˿ƺһЩ뵽˹ĳЩ飬ɵ̾һֵˣ˶ΪȻطϢϢ飬ҪΪˣ
׷ģ
Լ뿪˶ųһȥ
˿̵񽣣Ƶͬµš
òϣƵȷЩεǱʣΪʱĹϵֻȥ˼ȥÿһصķ羰̾ѣϵĨЦҲûʧϵظ콲⼸ȥζ
һ·ϣҲ˲ٵԼˣ˿ӶûУÿһ˵ֶѿڶޱĺǴкԿЩеȷŲ׵ĵλ
Զ粻ں˽⣬Եôĺã֮Ц
Цˣ
ƺǺһЦƽ׹񣬶ɢӣҲֻϲ߿û¶ʱҲʹһһʲôģҲЦ׶˵ҺöˣҾӣһ㶼ı䲻ˣ
ԶԵȤҲĽúܣЦӦ
ңҾ;ðɣ˻һףúõ
ĻʱΪ֪Ц
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ漴ҲٶԣطȥҲԽĺг
ڵ˰ʱ֣ҲȥڣԼ˶صȺǣǻԼȵǰס֣·ֱϵһ㣬һֳķ緶
λС˵ҲˣˣҪԺúȺãȻǲϷӰԼὫԱ£Ц˵
ǰģҿɲ֪ʲôӦ
Ǿͺã˵Ȳ˵ˣȸһ
ãɣ
˾ٱһ£֮һ
㲻̫ʢȴһЩΪټزҲԼҷһ˼
ƹѲԼԵ˵ʵϷҲһ£ȻãϷ˵ʲôҲҪӣҶȥ
ȻĻɫһȴǷ˸ոĿӣЦӦлǰ
һתۣȴ˼΢һЩֵ֪ǰʲôҪ󣿡
Ҫ̸ϣֻǡ
Լһٺ󣬿ЦʵҶԼ˲ٵûģԡ
ˣ
ûԼ˵꣬һЦǰģɫĻԸټţ֪ǰΣ
ףԼڴ۶
ض֪֮ǰҴ޸ϵľٶҶۡ
Ϊܹʦﾡ콫ƶƳҲò顣
š
ĻԼһԥĳţϿЦɣƺøȥЩˡ
ȻȴףϺ껹ڵԼɫ
ȻɫֱΪ˵ģͻʥİҲ㲻̫Ԫ֮˷ãҲûôЧֱͻʥ
ֻʮ֮һڰٷ֮һĻᣬɫҲʲô˶ܹܾ˵ģֺöȻҲǶˡ
ȿȡ
ЩԼϺ̰ȴһƽӣȺ˵ǰɫҲֻʣţǰĻһصӦŵ
˵Цˣ
ԼЦһžŰɣ֮ǰ˵ˣһ֦ͬ˿Ҿллˣ
ǰ֪Ҷʵ
ǳԹ֮ԴȥȡΣԼӦ
ãֻǰˣЦ
޷޷
Լڰ֣ЦλСѣҪҪ˰ȻԼҿҪ˵ǲ֪ڵˣǺǡ
̸˽Ҳһ
Լû˵ʵȷֹɫҲû٣ϾаɷŲ٣ⶫһһŵģɲȫԼȥ
ҽѾͷɣҲõԼᷴڣ
ΪԼҼҪ˵㻰ʲôִԼңߣҲһݣԼҲҹȥʲôʱ䣬ڼ׵ʱȥʲô
ܿȥǱ
ԼȥҶ˹óɫҪ˶ƶ¶ϲ֮ɫʱȴǴһ󼱴ٵĽŲףҷԣ
ķ׼׵Լᶼһ㶣ǳſڵӰԼȴüȵب˵ʲô
ûبɽ̽Լب
بĳ֣üͷһ壬Լĺǳ⣬ȴǿ첽ǰָıŭ죬㻹еԼңүҽŽųȥ


1196 һ
بޱţ̬ȱ֮ɽи֮࣬ǰѷΪ»Ҫ䵱ɾһͨͨӵˡ
بұ죡
ʱû˵Լȴ͵ǰü۵ȵ֪֪ʲôݣ㾹˶˵
͵ĺǳ⣬ȴԼеһ˿⣬˿Լĺǳ⣬еҶٴ
ףҲѶʹжϣ
˫΢УɫԵ쳣ƽ˸롣
Լ۾ǲ¶ۼһ죬һС󣬱ֱקببҪԭ֮ʧΪôʰ㣡
һӾͰ¸ʡ
֮ʧ
ԲڸЦ治Լ֮
ҲҲǸ
ԼĳУبȴǹŲӣӲĵһΣȥݷңȻҳԲѷֱӰҸϳɽףǸûаԼҷаƾʲôǸ
بĻ˶˵ĿҲϡ
ɲЦݣ˶ȴһЩ
˵˵
û˵Լٴüëһȵ֪ʲôݣһЩСĳСһʶ㣬ҪٸҺ˵͹ȥһ½գ
죬ǲˣҵ˵㽫үҸϳɽ𣿲ֻ㣬ƽһ⻹һһŮҪΪүҼǲסǣ
بŭŭĺ˶ίƵġ
⡭
ԼŤͷ죬ȴЦЦĵٺÿڲŰǽĶ˵ֱˣúܰ
ʲô˼ѵ˵˵Ǽٵ𣿡ب۵
٣
ҡҡͷ漴Լ˵עУЦһ£ô˵˵˵ЩʲôأôĪΪû֤ݣ
˵䣬кȻһب˫ͫһѿڶ񶨵ɫѿ˻ȥ
˵δǬСӣ
˵Ϲ۲ҳһ
ֱҺ֮Ĺϵ
һеһУҷ𣿡
˫ǰ˵Ϊһ˵Ҳĳֻǽɽд𣿡
ب̫Ϊʧˣ
ԼɫҲЩѿ
˵بȥһһ£بĲԣǿԼҵϣب㲻ֱɱʹһҲǱزġ
ŰݷãûǼ£ȴǸԼҵӣ
ףģǡ
ب׼˵ʲôԼȴֱӰ֣ϵˣبұ죡
˼ȮӵĴҪлԼӣûкһʶ
ǳبԼֳЦʲôǿʼнɣ룬ҲǼҶȥɣ˵䣬ԼȻֽҶ˳
лǰ
ЦŵͷҲ֮ɫС
ۿŽҪ˳УҲһʱبȴǺٴ˹ֱվԼм䣬ָıӣŭףҪƭˣͿֵܹϵ
񽣣
ԼᶯһɫЩ仯ĵĸ񽣣
˶Ҳ˫ۣ˸˿˿âĳȥڸղ˵ب֮ʱâ̺˿˿ɱ
찵ԿЦһ£νһ۰
بֵʱѾ֮ǰĽԼţ˭ֻ뵽بȻĽ񽣺Ĺϵ˵˳
иط֡
Ϊʲôب֪Ϳ֮ĹϵԼҵֲ֪أĪǣبЩõĲԼ
ôˣب϶֧ţɡֻʲô
뵽첻˼һԼ֮п»һЩ֮ı仯
ףǸɱ˷ܣ߷ܱԴĿ񽣰بٵ˵
ʲô
Լɫ˲䣬˼Ťͷ죬ҲԵЩԿģ
٣
ʼ磬ɱУԵҺͿʶֵܣȷ٣ȴǸɱ֣ΪԼҵıԴѪɱˣ
һʱ䣬Ļڵնʱ
ף˰ɣ
بϲԼ֣˷ܵǿ񽣵ֵܣ˵׼ǰףԸףǧܽԲԵģ
ס죡
Լüǳסبˣ»ҪԼһ򣬽һ¾ʹհɣ
Ѿ˵ˣ񽣾Բɱ֣
˵ǰòҪɱβǣп϶ʲôᣬǰ죡
֪ԷԼҵĵϵѪ񻯷ŵʣ˶Ҳ˿ɱˣǿж߱ԴϷ򲻲θԼǧһԼ˵
˵ĳ֣պڷɱ֮ңΪɺϵǣȻҲѪ񻯣ҿ֮ͷһ̫ƾһ㣬Ҿͻɿɱҷ֣ߣԼҷ׷ǹʣôܻԼҵѪ񻯣
Լ˵˫УʵԼҵѪԼУѵԼûĿ𣿡
Ŀܣ
ķʣԼɫһһ˼ӡ
ףҪĽƱ磡
بŭΪ˸ѣ

һ䣬ĺâبӹبЩû˵ҸղѾ˵ˣֵܿ񽣲ɱ֣ΪʲôҪ㣬صĺ
ʲôغ죬㲻Ҫ˶
Ļبһţȴ򾲵ĵ˵ǿɱҷܵ飡
ب죡
һǳ⣬بԹԵ˺һЩԼɫɵó춪һЦݡ
Լ֪к뷨Ҳı˳ƺ
Լƺı⣬˵ˡ
Ҳ㣬ʵ˵Щţǵƾһ֮ԣκ֤ݵǰ£
ԼƬ̣ȻֵܣҾȳԼҶͨҲλֵܹͣԼҾԩһˣȴҲŹɱ֣
ףа
ԼĻû쿪ڣبǺĽµҪǳȥͨ̾ˣҪܳǵҪץϼˣ
ףҾ˵Ķԣ˶ʱҲüԵ
ˣǶסɣ
ԼЩ͵İ˰֣漴Ŀ죬Ц˵ֵܵģ԰ɣˣ߲ԸҲһ֤𣿡
Լ
Щԥɫѿ
ԼȻһԽ͵ĻᣬֺγǶĲΣ
ԣһʱ֮ڵҲ˲١
ˣ
ʱվ࣬һֱûô˵Ŀվ˳ԼҸˣǲΪѰүˣҪҵĿ񽣣


1197 ط
ҪҵĿ񽣣
ſ߳Ҳݹת£ָ˱Ŀ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼˢˢ˿ϡ
ب˳ŵָſŭ˺ôĵӣȻĽԼҴţ˰
ס죡
ԼɫƵĺǳ⣬űبĲˣֱӻֺȵȫ뿪ûҵķԸκ˲׼
ǣ
ЩȻ֪ʲô£ԼѿɫȴһҶͣĸϽ뿪
ף
ب״ǲԼУȴҲǹԹԵı졣
بһ˫Ŀ⣬ȴԵüΪԣ˼ţ
ȴףبװģԼٿûбϿȥô򵥡
񽣣㵨ĺܴ󰡣
ſ񽣣Լ˫Ǳ䣬ȴ¶һĨЦݣĵȻǾ˵˵ɣô£Ҫɱ֣óʵԵ֤ݣ򣬾Ҳס
û֤ݣ
ҡһ´Դ˵Բ֣ûɱԼκһˣ
⻰𣿡
ԼһɷϷһ£ѪǴӺζҪϷ򣬳Լҵϵ⣬˻ᣡ
˵ģڽʱ򣬰ԼģҲ϶Űɣ񽣵
˵أ
Լüëһ˿˶ԼبҲһ
Ѫ񻯣ԼҵϵС
ҵıľıڶˮһ˿
¾ÿһ嵱УҲκһ˶ܹġ
۷˵ǶбˣǵϵѪһ㣬ӹɣ
񽣾Ȼ˵ԼģԼ˸оЦ
񽣣ϷȰһ䣬ʵʵ˵ݹϷ򲻸ӣԼ˵ϷԵڿЦȥ½ԼҵŶ߲ȥ
ԼɱĻبɵһӵɪĳͿȥС˵־ӡ
˶ƶȻûжԣǵĿҲΪơ
˵Ķʵ
񽣵Լģ
ˣ㵽ھȻһۣĪ浱Ϸɵ𣿡Լŭ
ԼϢŭ
ʱһѽ˻ĵԼһֿܣҲԼԼ𣡵µҲò˵ˣ񽣣Ϊأ
үģͷ¶ֺһĺЦݡ
죬Ҫ˵˵
بָıӣЦĵĪǣ˵ԼҵĵϵѪɣУҪҲ㣡
ԼҵĵϵѪ
û˵ʲôԼȴǺĵͷ˼Ƭ̼Ȼ̧ףʲô˫شſȫ£ÿΪӦӡ
ҪҶ˵ʲôˣ
ԼӣһЦٶԡ
п񽣣ı֣Լᶢſ񽣺һʵ
ԼԼû֣ʱԳֲ
ǿ񽣣ʮǰļ䶼ˣǰʱȻ𣬰һֽطͷص
죬ΪȡԼҵ֣ܹ
ΪبԵʣûע⵽Լɫı仯ûب˵꣬ԼǼץס˿񽣵֣Ȳʵӣ㡭ǲǻһ壿
զ֪
񽣽뻳У漴һǳɫ屻˳ȥΪ򵥣ȴøַһط֣Եȴһ·
ף⡭
Աߵ˶˼ʱ¶ɫֵҲ壬ֲһ⣬ȫͬ
׼ȷ˵Լеϵһ飬Ҳǵ֤
Ȼ㣡ӣ㣡
ù巭ȥĿ˺ü飬Լἤ֣ſ񽣵־ûзſ
ô
بһȴһתæףɱ˷ܣȻ壬¸ĹΣ
بס죡
ԼȵΪԵֵ̣Ȼһʵÿһ鶼Ϊ֪ϸ΢𣡾㷲ҲˣĪǣ浱Ϊۻ軨ɣ
ң
بʱͷٶԣǴŵ˫ȴǸޱȵ
طҵطûҵط
ԼǾϲﶼԳּĲ
Լ
ʱ컺Ե֤˿񽣱طôѪǷԵõͣôɱ֡
Լǣ
Լһ΢ƽطԼҵϵѪҲȻ飡ôɱˡ
ף
ûԼ˵꣬˶ȴǻǰͻأĵҳĵܵݣȴҲẠ̊́Ϊ˸ҳֱˡ񣡡
˵ʲôԼüͷһ塣
ģ
˶һԣŻԵ񽣣ŶӦ˵ĵܣĵԼҵϵѪĶӲ٣֤ɱ֣֮䲢ûϵ
˵öԣ
بͷӦףǵֵܣ˭˵ɱ֣ܵû֤ݵģ
ԼɫһӼطļлȴŤͷȥƶô
ףΪҰ
ƿЦֲǲ֪һֱϲ˼ģҾ;ðܷŹһ˿һΪܱ
ǣ
ԼΣŤͷ񽣽еط㡭
ǽа񽣰ɣϰطֱ֣Ӵϵ
ãã񽣾Ϳ񽣰ɣ
Լǳͷ漴ֵţǵ˵ʲôΪԲˣ
ûɱˣ׹ģΪľҪҳָԼ֤
Ҫ˵ʲôȴبֱЦϵһû˵Լ֤ģҿ϶йΣյĵطȫģԲŻݵ׹򣡡
˵ˣɱ֣ţһģǵطԣıƢͳȥبһˡ
˵ģبĳ裬ÿ񽣱ŭ
˵ǾͲǣ֤أóɣبЦ
ǰȷû֤ݣ
ƺͷվ˳ĵԼԴ磬Զ磬λ٣ɷһ䣿
˵
֪˿񽣾طԼ̬ȸӺˡ
ʵֻһԷ֮԰ɣ
һЦĵ˵֣ȴû֤ݣôͼˣ˵ֵģǾͰ֤óɣ֤ȷĻҲûʲô˵ģǺǡҪûУôԼȻ֪ԼҼҹΣعֵܵɣ


1198 Լ٣˶Ϯ
ĻҲͼ֣֤ݣ
ȻҪ˵ɱԷ֣Ǿó֤
֮ǰǲ֪񽣾ԼҵˣôȷѪһʮԵ֤ݣڿ񽣵ѾˣǾȻǾ壬Ǿһ֤˵
ʱ£بɫһĿһš
˶Ҳһ£տڲԡ
ȴЦݱ˿Цǻʲôû˵ġ
Ļô
Լῴһۣ漴Ŀ˶Լبӹû֤ݾͱ˵طŶǵĵܣ㲻ɣѪҲԼеģ֮ǰĲ²˵ȫ󣡡
ס
بЩʡ
ô
Լüëһ֤ݣҲѹû֤øұ죡򣬱Ϊʵмҷˣ
Ҿǻ
بŲӣǲ
˶ô˵ȻԼȴûبֳ˶ʵ
˵ǣ
˶ǷǷ֮ǰȷǻɹĵܣѾ֤ʵĵܾǵֵܣôĻȻȻҲˣǶԼѪɱ
˶˵Ĳ
Լĵͷеһμ
磬ôҲ
بǺܲӣ˿ȴûˣԼȻı飬ĿУȴҲٶ˵ʲôȴôҲܾʹ˰ݡ
ˣ²˵ˣ
Լ֣ķԸǶҴȥϲ֣Ѿ˷˺ܶʱ䣬Բң⣡
ǣ˶ֵܹӦŵ
Ҳ˳˺ܶ࡭
ɫԼҵҶɹУҪ̸ϻҵģȴԼ׼Ϣһҹ峿ٸ·
ϾԼȻڵôԶҵľҲһ·ҲҪϵʹ˲ƣҲҪõ״̬
ҹԼټԼ֮ˣ˿񽣵ʵݣԼط
Ȼõǿ֡
Կ˵طȻıȴԵôİҪȵʮǰļ䳹׻ָܹϤط֣ǿ񽣣طʼնˡ
ѾԼ٣ȴԼҲκ֮УѾԼ˵ˣ峿뿪ʱҲҪһͬ뿪
Լңûлָ˵Ҳֻ˵һˡ

񽣣ľߣ
ҹµգ»ˮк£ԺеУ·һ£һ־֮С
쿴ߣڳںȾƵĿ񽣣ЦʵѵߵԼٲ𣿡
ʲôð
񽣹๾Ĺ˼ھƣûĵү浱ף˶بˣǸҲԲһƲ磡ɲߣиүˬ죿
㰡û
˿񽣵Ļ쵱һаɣԼŰͺãˣղ˵ǸƲƲ磬Ѿôģ
Ϳˣ
񽣽⣬ĵһӾûһһģҺãȻԼҵѪүԽ룬ȥǣ
͸װɣ
ſǸЦŵĴͷߣҪ˿˵ĺǿ±񽣸ˣҪǮء
ٺ١
ͷһץһҧһڣȴûٶ˵ʲô
˽ˣҲֻһˣͷϹԶǶȲ졣
ȵøˣҲΪõƶ򵤵İּ֮һֶɲ٣ϵЦҲʱģڿȫûԼٵݣԳԺȺȵִ³֮ǰûκ
ΪԼҵԵʣ½ҹͿ񽣶Ҫ׼ıһˡ
źţҵذڷʮ˵ľƺϵĲȸǱԵ߰˰ˣΪûԪȥԵʣʱĿ˫۶ԵЩ΢΢ɡ
û취ʮ˵ľƺ߸ǿһɵġ
죬ȴһŶȣԵޱɡ
ף
ĳһ̣ͻأüͷӶȻԺĳȥ
Ҳڼͬʱͬľٶһۣ˵ɫ˲䶼
Ժ⣬Ļ𽥱⣬Լ˵Ļң
ˣ
һԪһϳԷȾµĺۼԵߣȥ
ðɣ
񽣻ȾţȴȻԹԵĸȥ
ΧٵԼһŸԵ֮ǰķȥԵʮִæ
ץסһѯʣǺ֪ܿȻҹϮ˶Ǳ߻ڲϴ򶷣
ҹϮ˶
һΪԼͿ񽣽ҹ⵽͵Ϯأȴû뵽Ȼ˶
ߣ
ɫһ࣬ýҹЩͬѰкſ񽣱˶ڵԺȥ
ǴԺףԸоǰҲʮȻĴѾޱȡ
ˣںʮԼһɱ
Ȼٴ࣬˵ʵȴǱԼһֹ߳һԷǺռ˾ԵƣԽԽԼһսţ綼Ѿ뿪˴ˣ
˶ʱȴɫ԰׵ıƷվһԣмѪȻѪѾֹסԾԵǰ㺧ˣȻҹϮΪ
磬磡
Ϳƹս˹ȥҲĽһ
ĵܣ˼ˣ˶ǿһЦΪΡ
磬û°ɣ磬
ߵ˶һߣԪ˶ڣΪƣӺƳס֣΢һЩ
ܣʵȻ򵥣ʥ򰡣
˶һ壬ɵЦ޵ҪǴı£ˣ
⵽ô£
Ҳ˹ˣüʵԴ磬ôᱻҹϮǵʲôˣ
Ҳ֪
˶Цҡҡͷֱڻһͷˮ
᲻ʲôˣͷүҪȥץһʰɣ
㣿У
ԣ΢˫۵ҡͷʵʥȻҲ֪ΪʲôһֱսߣһܵĻЩסǵģ
ү
Ļʱһ˫ͭĴ۾죬һģ

ͷߣ
ŮˣôҪһЩǿ񽣰Ҳ׳˶ģװĺ
УôˣҶģ
Ķһۣǰսȥÿ񽣶ʱһЦ¶ޱȺЦݡ


1199 ŭԼᣡ
ĵܣǡ
쳯ս߹ȥıӰ˶ıЩŹ֡
ٺ٣磬㿴ȥ֪ү֣Ǿͷİɣ
һЦʮ׿ȴôԣûŤͷ񽣵һۣɿſ캩ЦģȴҲǸӵ
ৡ
Ϊ˽Լһʱ䣬ԥĻǧý˶ЩĿ٣գ۱Ѿս롭
ǧýȻϮһһֱ˿ȥͬʱҲǸǺеԼһ
㲻Լҵˣ㵽ʲôˣ
ĳֲνѸͣǺ˶ʱ˫ͫһʵ
죡
쵭Ļһ漴ǧýƳ佣ʵʵ־ܣñԳ֣ǿŰɣ
ôĿ
ʱ£սžͣ˾һĶ죬˸űĺâ
ΧԼһҲ׷γһΧȦ˵˱ȥȴԾʮ֮ڣÿһԪǷǳˡ
ֻһʥأ˾ʥء
ŵĴ򶷣ûɱֵĻʮԼһѾΪһ߾ߵʬˡ
ȻԼҵˣǾ͸Ͻ뿪ñ˻ˮǶ㲻ʥصĺ
û취֮У֮£
ʼ䣬ĵ񽣺òҰһ飬ܲܲӰɣҪһӣǻʵ־ܣǵĿģҲҶ֣Σ

Ļеֵ٩֮⣬ʱŭѣ¶˫첻ţǱɱ
ţ
˵ĹŹ֮С
ûϸ˼˱ͬʱһγڵλֱϮȥ
ȻǲӣҲ͹ֲˣ
˵Ĺ˫۶ȻһУΪץʱȻڿգӿƶʱǰֳһʮ׳ľ޴â߶Ʋƣޱȿ񱩵ơ
ƽƾն
һȣ˫ȻǰƣǾ޴â˲Ϣٶȿ磬ƿذƣ
ϣ
䣡
໥ľգۼ޴âĿֲƼ˫ͫɰֲĺ죬ǵξԸٶȵɶ
ڰȶӣ˵ɫѿ˼㡣
˾ʥ򣬸һʥأɼ˾Ȼһ֮µĶ֣
ǿ
˶Ƶһμֵ֣ܲŴͣ֡
ĶĶ
죬үֶλأµļһˣ
ֶλš
˿񽣵Ļ˶ƶ˲һ¡
˿̣ǰ֮еȴǶһۣӿǴʱǿ״̬ŸԵٴγ˹ȥ
һΣ֮ǰ˵ȴһֲָ
˵ʵȫһ𣬾ศ֮Уȫһչֳޱȿ񱩵ϢܵԼһһ׷׽ˣԺе˶ǶоһּǿѹȣѪļΪ
⻹Ҳ
ƲƲ죬ǹճһĨϰԵаЦ
˫ֿһ˸âľת˲ֶ·֮ƣͬʵһ㷢Χ˲˶䣬һԵǰ𺳣
죬ȥɣ
ŭȳֵĹҲ˲ƽ
ҫŭ
ɫ䣬ζûжһ£ȣӭϮȥƷƸһ㣬ޱȿ񱩵Ϣ
䣡䣡
ɲǣײһ𣬷ضɽҡ졣
ۡ
ţΧԼ𺧵ĿУٴεɶͬʱһǲҪǮƵѪͬʱӰ׹ڵأôһ̳˲˵ߡ
ֶΣҲɱң
컺ƮǼֻǿվˣǲм
ʱϵѪۣԵޱȱߣ˵ٶˣû߶߲
̫ǿˣ
˶ĸ̾һƺͿ񽣵Ĳ»ߵߣֵл֣¸м
Դˣ
΢΢һЦ漴Ҫ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬴漱ٶӰǰԼҼԼᣬԼϵȴԼب
ף
˶ӭȥԼͷüһΧΣ˶⵽ô£
ףġ
˶ܿ콫ղŵһжһ飬Լ˫жʱ˸ޱȷŭĻ棬ҧô󵨵ӣȻϷĶӶҰɱ
ζлˣ
ŭУԼȴһǿһĨЦݵĳ칰˹֣֣Լ¶ʧ֣˴ΣǷһ飡
ǰˣ
΢΢һЦҲûоܾ顣ϾԼҼ׿ڵĳŵҲõϵĵط
Ҫ뿪ȻȥϢɣｻұǣԼ˵
ǺãҾˣҪҵĵطǰҪ
ЦӦһ漴Ϳ񽣳ݾӵԺȥ֮ǰȴǸоһ˫ĿԼϣ첻Цһ
Ŀ˲ÿ֪ȻǸبɣ
ˣҽ˴ȥ
Ϳ뿪ԼһӺȵͬʱ˵ĵȫϵһҺΪʹֱӻ˹ȥ
ûԼֱǷȥ
ˣԿԼλԼҼȷŭˡ
ǰʱԷ֮˾ԼڲûڼĻôܽ
ԣԼŭҲȻģǷܹ˿еõʲôõϢǾͲö֪ˡ
صݾԺ죬ȴû֮ǰԼʱЦݣüͷ˼ʲôصһ㡣
񽣼ˣʵүʲô
ˣһ䡣
ˣ
һԴʵʲôģǾǿҲǱүŪ𣿡
Ȼ
ʱ˼ά˼̧Ե㲻úôҪɱ˶ĻҲܾƾ˰ߣǼȻܹ͵͵ôܻʧ֣ô˵Χ⣬дʧܵһӦҲӦܣǺЩΧǵ˾
˶٣ֵ⣬һʥأʥأȴûһԼһһĶֻ˰ˣ
ү֪ӱ˵ʲôֱ˵ɣ񽣿Цõĵ
㱿㱿úܰ
û̧ڿͷһ£漴˫΢еĳһɣģ


1200 ɣ뿪ķɱ
ʲô
Ļ񽣶ȻԵ
С㣡
ûĵһۣͣ漴¾ֱ߻˷ڡ
ү
ȲҪʻȴһָ侹һ󷨽ȫڿԱߣڿ˵ˣ
ү㲻ôɣ񽣼ľٶЩЦá
ˣϻ
˰֣֪˵ʲôڻҵĸоˣ
ţ
ֻˣҲһЩֿȥǺɫڴʱȻһЩүľ

ɫףԵ֪룬ԼңЩȥɱ˶ôһָо
үֱ˵ɣӦ
ã
ͷ漴Լͷɻȫ˵˳ʱÿҲóĬڵ֮˲١
һһԵү˵᲻ֻһɺϣԼˣ
𣿡
ûлش𣬶ֱӷʵ
ţ
񽣺ԥҡͷ漴ֱЦ档
ⲻͽˣ
û˵һ䣬ɫһֵʵҲģϾԼأıЩô׵ĽԼôܳƵ۷֮һ
үڻ˭ب񽣵
Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷü˵بԼҲЩȣȻųǹģ֮ǰҲͺ˵ب˲򵥣Լֵ֮䣬˼һ
بòưɣү㲻Ҳ˵ˣϵЦʱܼ𣿡ֵ

콫ӿαϣ³һ̾ˣ˵ˣϣԼо˰ɣҪˣȺúõ˵ֽһѪȴս
ү˼˵
񽣱ĻһܲԸţԼҵ˾Ȼ֡
ѾعԼңԼ٣ȻҲϣԼΪѡ
ûʲô˼
ֹ֣˿񽣽ĻаЦˣϢɣ
ðɣ
񽣿ЦãҲûٶ˵ʲôܿȥԼķ䣬ʱȴڴϣ˫˸Ĺâϣ뿪һ˳ҲԲ飡
һҹôȥ
ڶһ磬˶ԹͿȥ㣬ϯƺبҲڣڼԼȴ˺һҶûἰҹ˵飬ҲûŻԼǿ֪Щ˵ݣ
緹ǣһͬԼḸӵ˵£뿪أɽУҳ׹ȥ
ϾɽҲԼصķΧΪ˱ʾԼҵأ첻ܾʹ˲ƣҲõȵ뿪׹˵

һ·ϣƺԵʮƽ
Ϳ񽣶˽Ųʵ죬ܿ²׹򣬲ҲδϾôͣĴ׹ȥ
үֱӻȥ뿪׹󣬿񽣳ʵ
ô㲻룿
ͷЦҪ߰ĵԼ٣һ˻ȥɵ㣡
Լʲôģ
ƲƲ죬ٺЦǸүˬˣ
ǾУ߰ɣ
һЦҪͬһ˲ƵʱȴضһŤͷɽ֡
ү
񽣱ĺȻٶŪһ׼ʲô֮ʣȴȵɣ͵͵ĬĬʲôΪû𣿡
ˣ
ҲɫһݣѾؽĽ
ʱѾ˵ǶϰΪҲûʲô̫ľȡ
ৡ
δĴ˸һֳԺڽ棬ɢϢǼǿûһʥء
һ£ܹ߸ڽˣʵǿʥأʥأĸʥأ
콫˵ʵ˵ʱ򣬿ԵúǾȣȴû˿һ˫з˼ΪŨĺսâ
ʲôˣʵ
ɱˣΪ׵ʥ֮˵죬ձҪ
ô
üëһȴЦȻ˿϶ɱңɷ֮ǰ֪ʲôҪɱҺܺ棬ʲô˲ָܹӵöЩ֣
֪ô࣡
ʥ֮ҡҡͷɱĵֻҪ֪Ľձļձǣ˭㲻ܵˣ
Ŀˣ
ʼ磬ǧýĵˣҿǧȥһЩ
֣ɱ
ʥ֮ƺûټ˵˼һУ˱ȺӵϣֱӳͿ񽣼Ϯȥ
Լģ
ۺͿ񽣵˵һ£ǳǧýֱָǳʥء
Ҳ
һЦǰγؽɲǣϽɫâʢٴΰθߣһ˲óѪ񻯣
ʱ䣬񽣴µǸաͷɲǼٵģ
һ֣֮޵еķеؽĸʥ֮ǿնȥ
һһޱǿ񽣱ʵһֻʥأ֮Ƚ֣ȴת˲񽣱ռ˾ԵϷ磬˴ýˣһеʹ
һʮᣡ
񽣱ŭĿհ̬ټǿƵԼֲķĸʥ֮˸ûиȥκ˺ſһĽƹƶˣѪԲעᱻŪÿѪ
ʵҲɱү׳գΣ
ЦѣеĻӽҲԽԽ죬ľҲʵҲڲϵС
һߣʥ֮Ҳޱȵɡ
ݵٶȣǧýÿһγȡ൱Чʱûκ˼ǧýƵļѪ޷ֹסʥصɫԽԽѿ
Ųʵ˵ȹĹ£Ѿʬˡ
һֱվԭûжֵʥ֮ˣ˿̵ɫҲޱأû֮ǰɡ
ƮݵŭĿհǿƣĵֳ飬˵һε
졭
˫ۣ˸űĺâ
ôҲԲܾʹ˰֡
ҲȻҪɣ
ʵڲУҲֻһˣ
ʥ֮˲֪뵽ʲôĿޱȸӣܿȴͬᶨȡ

һɲǣһҵ˻ǰ⧲֮±ֱնϣѪȪӿ쭳һĨޱҫ۵Ѫ磬ҵ£ʮؿڵĸ٣ֱҲ̶á


1201 ԱĲң
ҵĳ棬ڳǼ˾һ춼ƲƲ죬ҺûȻҪһͨ˵ˡ
ʹ죡ʹ죡
ſĴЦսٷһ㣬ʹѪ񻯵ɱһ֮˫Ŀ÷죬״ֱ̬ʣΧʥ֮ޱȵ
СӣԽԽſˣϲ
Ҳܵ˹裬һǰȻһʮ׳ľ޴âʥ֮˫ͫɲǣʱ˲ϢϮȥ
Ľٱ䡪ն
ȵĵﾪ֡
ã
䣬оǾ޴âϴвʥظ¶ޱȾֵɫǺԥתˣһιûС
ܣ
ϾʥأһܵٶȵǷɿ죬ɼˣȴЦһ˫оâ˸˫ӡգ۱ȵٱ䡪˫ն
ٿ䣬ϺХ޾ͬʵʰǿѹУѸײڶٶȳǷ˿ȥ˼׷ȥ
ٶ֮죬զࡣ
һһңգ۱Ѿӽ˵ʮڣ֮ǰǱ޴âȴҲ˲ٶȣ漱ٱƽգһͷ·˫һڽĳĬһ㣬ʥ֮˵ܿռȫ

оΣԽԽ˷һ˺ѷεĴ𣬿ɴʱҪʲôѾˣ
˫һͬʱϣʱƬһҲſֲĺ죬һ㣬ıըͳУҲֻܷһҺһʬĩû£Щ̳ͲƮɢ
ʱ˿лŵѪ֮⣬
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һĻǸһֱûֵʥص˵һĿڿħһ
֮ǰƴҲҪɱ뷨ʱȴǱޱߵľ壡

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ԭץסǸʱؽٻ˲಻٣£
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˵ֱ仯ȻӦ˶˵Щʲôھ֮Уȫûһ㷢֡
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춸Ȼɫ䣬ԥһקס񽣣μٳˡ
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ʬһ㣬þûҲֻһ˿˿΢ĺ档
һֵضɽҡ𵴲ŻͣϢ󷽲ŽսΪĵķԲ֮ڣȫһƬ棬涼ֱӰȥ֮ĴɢĲȱʬ壬ҲǲֱֺҲ̶á
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񽣣ûû͸֨һоһڵ״ЦѵߵĿ񽣡

ǿ̧̿ӣѵ죬֨
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ЩЦһæ˲ûָԼ˫ֵס񽣵ļͨľ񽣻ָÿ񽣱ѪģһƬۿɼٶȲϱãͬʱҲ񽣻ָһԪ
ڣ˰ʱң񽣵ƺתһЩɫҲ΢˲١
ǣҪĻָ۷״̬»Ҫһʱ䣡
ŸղǸʥ֮˵ĿֲԱ㲻һ
ܵ˵ʵһЩ
ܹʥ˾أʵӰ죬ȴҲС
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콫ǰ׿ĲƲ״ɵÿЦһ£뿪˵
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񽣵ͷһͬٳǰȥ
˭Ҳұ֤׻᲻ỹķɱ
˴ʮͿ΢ɿ׼Ϣʱ˵ɫȴǶȻ˲䣬ַӿĸħϢȻ˷ȫΧߴħ˻𣬸ľս
ôħޣ
쿴һƽĻȴüͷ
үȷħޣ
ҲǳǱ˿ƵħޣҲһΣ
˿Ƶħޣ
˿񽣵Ļʱһ漴ӱ䣬˵Ԧ


1202 ȺΧɱѪȾƽ
Ԧ
ͷ˵֪ǲԦֲܿģЩħȻʮ鶯ҲԼʶȴ϶ǱƵģɱĿ꣬Ǹͣ£
ˣ֪ˣ϶ǺԦйأֻԦѾϹʱڱʧ𣿡
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ĳɰɣ񽣸оһ£ЦѵӦ
ĳɡҲң
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үⲻǷϻ𣿲ģѵЩħ޻ų𣿡ûĵ
Ҳ˵˵㡭
췭һۣ׼˵ʲôʱȴֱȻˣ
µɲǣһͷͷħ޽֣ˮεģ·ܵĺзɵȫۣȻͿǰΧ
˻ǿħޣ
񽣵һȻͶǰ˼󲿷ֶǾż⡭ү
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ֽâϳ֣Ϳ˵ٶûκͣ٣񽣸ʱħ޽ҧסǿķץסʱؽֱһͷһͷħĹ˻
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˫һУμڿյɲǣ˿кüͷħ޵ĹϮſٵӡٴ˷ӿ
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үɱúã
񽣼ߵħȺ٣ſһЦϷӿޱȿ񱩵Ŀֲƣ

ŭУٴóѪ񻯣׶ߵľ޴γؽһδεĻ裬ͬйһ㣬һͷͷħޱֱն룬Ѫ쭷ɶ񽣵Ⱦͨ죬ǡɫâӳ£ȴԳֲ֮С
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ֲΣڳ¶ᱻŵɫ԰װɣ
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ˣ
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һٴοǣ˫ӡͬʱһصƿռ䶼һ㣬·Щħ޸Ǿ岻ѣһ޺пԵľ⡭
ת֮תأ
Ȼһȣ漴·ȻӿΪֲĺ˷ϼѹЩħȫһ̶ķΧܿռļӿЩħ޴СһӱѹڲϵŤƵģʮĿǵ۶ڱжʼ˿˿Ѫ
޴ʹĥЩ˻ɾΪٽǿֲĹֶΣһͷͷħٴνЩʵԲһģǱֱӼѪ쭳μֱҲ̶á
ѪⷽԲ֮ȫϳѪɫ֮¿񽣿˶Щľս
ʱѾûٶ֣ɵһУֻ٣ޱȵ
ȻЩħޣκεǰѪȾƽĲΣĵΪ䣬ǶǿħǵˣǺ޵ҧгݡ


1203 ࣨϣ
𡭡
Χʣħ޵ĺ˿̽ӶȻЩ˵ʲôֿ־֮ȴʮֵԡ
ΧЩΧҿ־ǳͼŲһͷͷħޣѪȾƽĲΣѿ죬ſĴЦ˳
תصĹУϰͷħ޵ħ޵׸Ǹħ޵Ĳȱʬ壡
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񽣽һ㲻ϻâ񽣵ؽǿУκһͷħ޾㲻һ룬Ҳᱻǿֱɿȥ
ɺ֮ǰһ㣬翿٣ǧý紩һ㣬һһ˺۲Щħϳַ֣ŭ
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˫âһ΢ȴǽӿħȺй졮ءһ

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ƲƲ죬ԵȽǸҵֱɱ˲ˣүҪԦҲ˳棡
ڿǿоЦãȴһ
ܹԦͬʱаɷŵˣҲʧΪһ¡
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֮֮аа
һߺͿ˵һɱ¾ܷӿħޣͿ˵ĴԽΣգǵʵټеҩļʱ䣬һʱڻʲô̫Σա
ͬʱȴǽɢ˿ȥ˳ЩķͼҪǿħ޵Ѱҳ
ʱһһĹȥѾ˼֪ʲôħ޵צۣѪ˿˿͸ߴٴ̬֮ΪɢĽҲ˲١
΢һЩôȥĻǲǱɱǻϾľĸָҲһƣܳôһֱȥȻƾľ飬ǿκʱ򶼴ھԵĲ֮أ
ϣôı
һͷһͷħ޵ıɱУʣħڵӰ£ηĳǳȥĳһɲǣͻأĹճһаȵĻߣ˫ȴɭı
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һ£漴Ѿ￪⣬ȻףԼү϶ҵǸԦ֮ˡ
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￪ɲǣѾ˵Ӱȴ˲䳯ɶݶȥٶȺܿ죬ոճֵɲǣѾ˵˰׿⡭
ȴһٴԭʧڵﲿλľ˿̵ĹâҲ˲١
˵ղһֱģ첻һеĽľȫͷųʹ˲ƵûС
ʱľļӳ£ʱ״̬Ѿָ˰˳ɣǸ˲Ӷݵʵʥңڵ״ҲȫӮ
һ㣬óԦˣһĽսȴҪԲһЩǸƾľԦ޹֮ͬȽײ˵ȷҪһЩ
ջˣʥ֮˱ЩħȺΧסĻ¾ûͿ״̬֮ǰһֹбѾʬ壡
ৡ
ٴó˲ƣ˸ǵǰ
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⾹ȻǸŮģҳûǳƯƵļĽëᶶֻϧȫ˰֮⣬ȫ˺ɫĳ£Ӻ汳ӰȥԲ뵽Ȼôһ˶
ʥصʵһһȥֻʮ˶εľȡ
ʵһжǰéˡ
㵽ʲôˣ
˫΢УھȹȴǱ棬ɲΪԷŮ˶飡
ִݻ飬Ҳû
ߣ
ȻŮȴһԳְ̬ʻȫǣ˵ܺã
΢̣аЦҲӦʶ٣ټȻСа١֮ôȻܶаŵ飬ǵŮ˵·Ȼͺܶ෢˵ħһŮ²»ᷢʲôأ
㡭㡭
ĻоܿռķŮɫɷף˫вɵøֳһĨ塣
ɴˣҲԿŮʵ̫Ļһ˫۾бɿһ


1204 ࣨ£
ү
ʱҲǷ˹
ôˣ
һһЦŬŬ졣
ǸղѪȾƽ֮ڵħȺѾ˷ɢȥֻһ߾߲ȱȫħʬ塣
ղЩħ޺ȻָѣȻɱͷǾȫˣ񽣺ٺٵЦ˵
ţ֪ˣ
Ȼĵͷʧȥ˿ƵħȻٰװ
ſҲˣǺŮϵɫӲҵүúƯۣ
񽣿Ůӣүòһٷ˰ɣ

⻰ʱû̧ڿͷһ£ΪүʲôŮ˶Ҫ綾ЫѿҪûأҪƨûƨɵŮҪʲô
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ڮ٣Ůʱһɣ죬Ϲ˲ɣСʣ˭˵ҲƯ
ʣ
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ŮӺݺݵصһ죬ſȻͣ£ʱ뿪Ӱɵҧҧ촽ҧгݵĵҽ࣬ŵˣ
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ŶˣʥصʵҲһ£ܲץס㣡
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ôģ
ίĵ֪ҲŲӦأߣˣ

źü֣ŪЩЦá
ٱȴװĺֻԵʵȫȻϧ񣬵ȴҲִͬݻ㲻Ҫң
֪֪
ǲ˦˦ͷһε󣬱ԹԵĵʵҲ֪ʲôˣֻʦĻˣ
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ĻʱһţͷҲģ㣬ץҲԲʦĶģ
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˫ۣаЦȻˣɱˣԼʵȵģ
˵䣬һһҡĳ࿿ȴҲǻҵĽˣΪµ治ȣŪһģûֱӵ¡
һĻҪ˿»᲻֪жЦ
Ͼʥصʵı¾Ե˾ʧ룬ﻹʲôʥǿߵӣ
ֱһѰС˷ͽǰ㡣
㣬㲻Ҫ
ҵ˵ţоǶһ˿ǻ

״ҲЦѣԳִ㵡
֮ǰڱħȺΧʱǻԦ֮ɱʮ㣬ȴǿЦãŮδҲ̫һЩɣ
治֪ʵôȥģͬһδСŮƵġ
аٴֺαϷͽʶ
ԽԽ࣬Խ޴ʱһϵͻأ
漴һǳɫ³۵߻ո֣߿Ǹͨˣ˲Ʋδκοռ䲨Σȴ˫ͫһʱ˲١
ʦأʦ۸ء
ߵĳ֣ʱץס˾ݣ˵߻УۿеˮνǼᣬ߱˰
ԣ޹
§࣬οһºȴǿƻǣȴâ˸Ŀ⳯ȥа۸ôһŮӣѵͲϷһ˵Īǣľ϶һа踾֮
ǰҵǺ˽Ⱑ
˫΢Уĵǰ˻ȴЩˣŮЩֶΣѾڷŵħȺˣѵǰøһ
һݵ죡
췴ʣȴûκεķŭӸղŵʣתЦ
ʦ𣿡
߻е̧һ˫ˮɵ۾ĵ㱻ô˵ôЦó
СѾͷ˵
ĻЦã߸ǳͷһ£ų˵ȻϷаٶʣǲʹ˴ƽΣҲҪǸҲϷ⣡Σ
ʦ㡭
ίҧ촽ԼǸǰܾ۸һ۰ԼʦȻ˵ôˣôܲίأ
û˵ʲôȴҡҡͷĵǰǴĺ⣡ҲףǵԼҵʲôˣȻܹʹǰʦͽ˶Ҷ֣ǰȻ֪ҵݣǾӦףֻҪһţʦͽ˽ضΪҺͶľ干ͬ׷ɱĶ󣡡
˵һ٣Щҵ࣬Լƽˮߣļ룬ҺͶľӣ۷ҲȻͬͬˣʱʦͽǽκ֮ذɣ
⻰˵úƽȴҲͬǾ޴в


1205 ǿߣعң
׼ʦô˵
߻ѳԲɵĳ콿߳
񣡡
ס࣬ŤͷƽĵаٺôĿϷţ˵ĵȷȴһ㣬Ϸɴɲŵȥ֪аΪϷ𣿡
⻰Ȼɵ˵ȴʮ㡣
ߴʱͨӰϣȴһɢ첻ɫҲȻ˼֡
ܹ۷׷ɱУ֤ŵƽǺεſĻ߿˵ȴ˵ʲôѰһ㣬ǰд⡣
⹫˵Ųٲǿߣ۷岻ϵĶѣ
߾ˣ
СǸҡתǰǸص̿¶
⣬Ѫ֯أΪ쫷󽫵Īүү¡
첻ڰԿЦ˼£ףԼ϶кܶ·ҪߣֻµԵɳ׸ȴҲô᳹׷
ǸԼҡ
ǲǱ֮˾²ֻ죬Ҳ̫ƽ
һǰ֮ԣСҵȻţǰܹƽѵǰΪ￼ǿǣѵôһֱµȥˣʥأʵΣ½ҲΪõĶǰ˵أ
ιԵ޹ʵĳϣ
಻ĵ죬ҧгݵĵҾ㱻ãҲܱȱ۸ĺãߺߣˣ

üͷһһʱ¿ɰС࣬ԹԵĲٶԣ˫ȴɺܲƵʱʱ죬С¶˳Ҳƽ鶯̬֮
ôаٵ˼أ߿죬ҪϷ˵Ļ֮ˣаٻǲˣϷȻΪʲôˣȴҲֱ֮

ЩЦãһֵȻǰ˼ᶨҲЩˡ죬Լ֮ٴǰ֣֪ǰӦ𣿡
ᣡ
λشĺʹ죬һ¡
ôţ
ۺ룬ĵϷ˵һһԾŶϷǷһѣ˴ҲʵΣܽΣѾȻҲٱԼ֮ãаپܷģ
ˣ̫ˣ
һڵ߻Գ֣ĻͿѱˡ

ߺһתһ˿ĪϷʣϷӦǽ֮ڻȥʱδȥϷ˵黹

ԶʱɫһݣԱ߿Ҳվ˹ȻؽУʱֵ˼
ʦ죡ȥǸһΣȴǿĵ֣һʼճӡ
ǰҪ֣
˫΢Уϵƿʼ𽥷ӿ
֮֮£
ߵĵа٣Ϸ򲻵òϣȷܲһ㵱һҪϷǰĳȻ㻹һ㣡
ǰҪ˵ʲô쾫üͷһķʵ
Ǻǡ
ԣȴǺЦЦҲûʲôͿȴǶȻɫ䣬ܿռһɼǿѹֶ֣Եּѡ
Ī֮
뵽̶ѪʹֵΣɵ֡
ߣĪǿߣ
סܺãǳã
Ϳ񽣵ļѵֵȴЩȵһ漴ʲôƽһĨ죬һӵ˲䣬Щ㼷ѹ񽣶޷ѹȫɢ
һѳϷҲ˳ŵ֮£ʹգǣ
ȴǹһЦСֱ㳯Զȥ
ʵ죬ԽԽԶκܿռʧ
һģ
ԶԶУŪЦá
ʱȴͿ񽣶һۺ˲ԼͬһأԺ޷緶һƨ˵ϣڴڵĴŴֺµĸо

ڻˣ
УͿͬʱΣүүԨǴЦӭȥ
үүȼ˰ɣ
ٺһЦŴԱ߿첽߹壬һǽҶ˳ݵԨǰЦŵʹ㼰ʱⶫûˣ
ۣ̫ˣ
ͷĿҲԽ飬һ·ˣȥϢɣȥǶЩ˸ӷ磡
ٺ١ۣһûԹأý˻úõسһ٣ٺ٣
ҲֱӦ£λ˵һһͬרõĻԺȥ
ԨҲڷдʯ
ƶ򵤵İּ֮ѾȫҵҪȥһļ֮أĪˮʼˡ
˷·𿴵˼ָΣɵ϶¶һĨظЦݡ
ҹͿԺкһʳԺ졭
֮⣬Ϳ񽣣ټүүԨˣڷһЩѾķԸ뿪
ͿСӵ״̬˴Լ֮Ӧò˳ɣǲǳʲô飿Ԩʵ
ţ
ͷ漴еһУǸߵĹ̶ȫһһʮ˵˳޾ϸ
Ȼŵˣ
ĻԨȱʾԼķŭתȴע⵽ϡ
ϣҲǶʱ䣬ŹŵϢԨʵ
ûУ
ҡҡͷͬһֱҶΪѾ伣һͶϵ˴УڿӦǴϹʱԺǱֲκϢûţ
Ǹŵ߾򵥣㲻򣬿Ҳʥҵʵˣ
ԨǸģܹʮұʥصʵɴ˿ɼŵĴвûжϵջǸϣ
ǰϹʱھΪ̫ˣŻ־棡ٴθֱõĻؽ룡ҲӦ
˵ƺоɣ
Ԩһ°ͺ룬˵㿴ûֿܣǰнҳ󿴿Ƿɹ鼺ã
ǲһԣ
Ƭ̣ӦôѶȺܴ󣡡
Ҳ£
ԨЦЦȻұԸȥ
ã
Ҳû˵ʲôԨԣһҲ޹ؽҪ
˶ٺԨĳ֪ʦںδϵһһҵ֮أҪʦ￪¯ˣ
õүү
ԥĵͷʵҲڵԼʦİΣϾ򲻱ȻԪ½ʵߵ˶ǣҪǳʲô飬ǻñƷһȺˣ


1206 ʦϢ
ҿ֮ǰƺлҪ˵
صԺԨȴ
ţ
ĿԼүүΪԼεĺܺأȴû뵽Ǳүүˡ
ôѵүүԼӲУ
Ԩۺ룬ЦЦȴɫһЩֵǹʦģ
ǵģүү
ͷ漴֮ǰ˰бʦĪˮȴʦ˦齲˳ԨıҲΪءǱǻʸĵ̣
ԨʦʦǱг˵Ļȥʻʸ壬ܹʲôϢ
ҵġ
Цһ£û˵֮ʣԨǽӿڵ㵣ǵĳǻʸ壿Ǻǡ
үүЦʲô΢ʵ
ˣ
ԨЦЦȻүүʦʦĳ˾˭ȴʸ岢ûʲôϵ룬ʵҲʦһЩ²⣬ȻЩ֪Ĳ࣬ȴҲ֪ǰһ£ûлʸ嵱İæʦǲܴ뿪ȥԪ½ģ
˵֮ǰĲ²ȷûͷȷˣ
ף漴ֵүүæϵһ°ɣһϾҲԼĳϵݣϵһ»ʸǰ
ã
Ԩͷ漴뷿ڴϣó˴Ϊ˲үӣǾ⣬ϵĵȴ˿١
ʦʲô飬ͷ֪ķ쭡
ʮӺԨ˳Ȳʵүүʸǰô˵ûʦϢ
ҰһЩҪ̫żˣ
Ԩɫأһ漴ϢȷУʦոսʱ򣬻ʸõϢʸҲʦȴ˵Ҫ°ܾˣ˵ǵȥʸɣôһһֱڶûʲôϢ
ô˵ʦＫпܳˣɫһݣ˫˸â
үھȥȷˣҲһ˵
񽣣㼱ʲô
ԨǵΪĪˮʧִ磬ȴ˻пһԱߡ
үүʸǰ˵û˵ô£
һʵʦȥǱߵʲôʸӦö֪һЩɣ
ĲӦеڼйأԨصڼǵʦĳ֮һ
ңһ
⣬ڣѻڣԨ
ڣ
һǵһ˵Ϻ֮࣬һڡҲûʲôֵġ

Ԩףڼһеƫϵļ壬ȻûԼأȴҲƹźһƬڼڲʥҲкüʦĺڼҶϣЩѰ
ھ͸Ϲȥ
ԥĵҲʲôһڼҵģ˭ҶʦﲻҰǵƤ
㡭
Ԩ׼Ȱ˵ʲôȴҡҡͷүүض˵ˣʦеĵλһҲĿµģ
㡭ðɣضСģ
ԨҲ֪ԼȰסֻεĵͷӦУȥǱߺǷ²ΪǧҪ³çһȥϵһ»ʸ壬˾үǷһ飡
֪ˣүү
УƽҲһȥɣ
ԨƬ̣˵ƽͻʸܷܷĹϵҲԽ˻ʽõʸϿɣ
𣿡
үүĻһЩЦã
ԼȥΪӪʦƽȻȥͻʸ̸ܷܷ˵ĺ
ʲôõģ
Ԩ۾һɣСӣƽҲҵˣֵܣ
ãããүүȥȻ̾͹ȥ𣿡
˫һ̯ͷ֮ȴк˿һ˱̳ƽڵԺȥ

ƫĵطưзֲ˵Ӧ֮ǣڹȴҪ΢֮߳һЩ
Ϳ񽣴ƽ˲ĵΧ֮ʱǶٶܹоһЩкн϶ĽϢƽûʲô̫ķӦǿ񽣲ɵ¶һĨЦݣƺֻʮϲ
ﻹԼҵٰ˵ǳڻʸ壬Ҳš
磬ھȥʸ𣿡ƽ˿ܣȴûȲʵ
Ѿ޲ڱֱӳΨһǸŮǰ
ȷ˹ϵദȴʮֶݣһֱƽԻʸܷܷ˼ӣҹ˵Ҫһʸʱƽ˷ܵԭط˺üͷ
ԣھȥ
ʾƽһۺһȥҺͿ񽣾Ͳȥˣ

⻰ƽʱŴ죬ǲȥǲҲҪһȥ𣿡
ȥҪȥģڣ
ҡҡͷҺͿ񽣻Ҫȥ죡Ƿ˳պ󶼻ȥһ˻ʸ壡
ɡҲ֪ʸĶôȥƽЦ
򵥣
ЦЦָǰ￪һӣ˵ǻʸϽ֮һ㵽ȥҸ˱ݣлʸǰȥģ
˲Ƶĵص㣬Ѿ˵ģȻҲͨүүԨֲͼȷ
򣬱ǻʸһҲġ
춼ȫźˣƽ죬ȴЩЦá
ðɣģ
ƽδ˵ҲûŷҪͿһ·ȥ£ϾҲ֪ԼʵԪڣҲоŲı࣬ǷҪһȥĻ²Ϊ׸
ţȥɣ
ͷƽļ򣬵죬ǱȥѰ㣡ŶˣȥǴңǧҪʧ
ٺ١羡ܷģ׵ģ
ƽԥĵͷЦͲ˵ңҺܷܷĹϵҲ
С֪ͺãȥɣ
Цһ󣬿ƽ𽥳ȥıӰϵЦݺȻȥ෴ķ˹ȥ˫΢еĵ񽣣ˣߣȥڼң
ڼڵĵص㣬Ҳֻ֮ѡ˲Ƶ˴һΪ˷ƽһҲȻǿڼҵڣ
ϣ
ҲһЦЦչֳһ˿
ڿ񽣵УʵĪˮĵλһͬĸףĪˮΪڼҶʲôĻĲһѪɱ¾
ߣ
˶һۣ漴˸ľ벢ûķǶʱ䣬Ѿڼׯ԰׿⡣
ģڼׯ԰ǵķҲԵΪֻ֣ÿׯ԰ŵ˶ϽһЩǮͬſڵǷƵġ


1207 ڼں
үоôЩŹְ
վͷǲʵ
ǺǣǹŹ֣ӦҲڼҵһɫˣ
ЦЦ˵үүҵѶϢ˵ڼңɫÿ¶ڼׯ԰ڿһļУһΪʢɣ

ĻŴͣŹֵĵѵǾͲ£ҪȻڼң
ҾͲ֪ˣ
ʼ磬߰ɣҲȥһ½׷ѣȥô
˵ţ˱㳯ڼׯ԰ȥ˷ݵĽ׷Ѻǲδκѯ˳Ľ뵽ׯ԰ڲ
һȥеĻԲǧ֮γһʢĽ׼Уּۻ۵ڶȥȻ̫࣬ȲЩӣȴҲԵޱ֡
ڼҵͦоӪͷԵģ
쿴˿ΧЦһǲԽռĽǮܹۼڼʼܹڿٵķչУֲܹҵңֵز
Ҳûʲô˵
ƲƲ죬ҪүĻ϶ø
ˣҲҵƨˣ
ûĵȥҡ
˵ȴǺ˫һУû˵㳯ǰһ̯λȥ
ү㡭
񽣲⣬Ǹ˹ȥ
̯λһЩ൶УȥʮͨκԣҲΪʲô̯λûʲô˹˵ԭ򣬵ȴǵһʱ䷢֣ЩȻӡħƣȻֻĵȴβ쾪ȣ
ҵʱ췢Ҳӵлħ֮ˣѪ֯͸ڼׯ԰ļϣȻҲ˵ϵħƣ֡
λ򵶽𣿡
С̯̯ͿߵǰæվЦĵǺö
ö
һмӣƲҲЩ࣬˵Ǳ˭̭ģ㻹˵Ǻö
һ̯ӣ֪Ȼóħ֮ˣԲų̽
ȻĻ̯֮ڨڨһЦͷλѣɲô˵ģȻЩôȴʮֵķҿԹģ
Ȼ˵ܷǲֵܱĽԱԣܹһϵĻĶȫˣΣָſؽϷʰĵ

̯һȴû뵽ô˵
ȻȷԹЩķ̶ȣɿǱؽ֪ȻǷûаܹһϡ
ɣԼˣ˵Ǻö
ƲƲ죬̯ڨЦУһһ£ĵˣҲ˵ЩҲ΢ÿһ㣬ȥܹҵĶӣ
ܿ죬̯򵥵ּۻһ㽫ǱУܾ̯Ϳһͬǰȥ
үʲôŶӷ£Ǹ̯ԶһЩ˵
оһ£
ЦǺǵĵȻЩϵħƲôҲǲˣоһĻʲô
о
һⷽ޹أŲԸԽȥôء
٣ôųˣСЩûкģȥ棿
٣ǶʲôõģҵİɣЩȻ㱦ȴҲĶȥ
٣Ǳǰ˧ˣǲеλ˶󰡣ԣɱ˸СһȰ
ͿǵԽǰУȻߴһа֮ǰ׿⣬ȴһԼĪʮӱʮΧţһЦݣǸȴʮƵģ߰ĵԴһͷ̬
ڼҶүں
˫΢Уܿڼҵҵ˶Ӧ˵ʮָ߰ȴھ̷ųڵʣڼׯ԰ļбƹܣЩ˷Ҳ뼯йأ
ǵֵҪںˣ
´˵ЦݣҲûж˵ʲôкſ⸽̯λϼ򵥵ĿһӦ̯ǵĶԻҲһעںľٶ
ں߹˿ûзĹעҲΪΧʮ˵޾Уֱ˴ӵĸо
ιϰ壬Ǻٰɣ
쳯ǰ̯ʵźˣǳԽҴ۽磡
ǣȻ߰һ㣬Ϊ˺ܲģС̯СĸĶչˣҪ˵ڼܹúٵǾ͸Ҳˣ
̯˵ȴǼæס죬СĿ˿Χûע⵽Ļ΢һæǵλ͹٣ɵʲôû˵Ҳʲôû
ǣǣ
һЦ漴ֵ̯лУкſ񽣼йľȴʼշֳһ˿ںϡ
Ź˰ʱںߵļƨڸɢȥλڼҶүҲкǰȥʱҲѾ߳ׯ԰
ںϰߣÿѲ鶼Ҫڼׯ԰ķԲʮԷֹ淢ʲôӶڼҵ𺦡
ᵽˣ
΢΢һ̣аЦ񽣣ߣȥڼҶү
ϣ
Ӧһ漴˱ʵĸں߳ׯ԰Ųٽ˶ںںк΢΢һЦںԵǺܲ
٣
ϡ٣ĳǰʮ׿ںͣ˽ŲɵĿߵǰͿ񽣣˭ʶ𣿡
Ǻǡ⸽ʶٵ˿ɲడ
ЦЦ˵һЩö뺣ƷƷʲʺ´ڼϷ֪ٿʱ䣿
ö
ĻںЦʲôöȻҴŵģ
һúʧģ
쵹Ҳûںеĸֱ߰Ϳ񽣱㳯ԶСȥںʮıӰ
ү뿴ʲôö
ںܹݵ̬˺ģҲû첽ϣСС
״ҲǿЦõļæϡ
ʲôöóүںߴٵ
˼ûУ
ʼ磬ֵɲǣȴǺȻֱ֣һ֮½ںιȥӦȫû˿ĵֿ֮
˭ƭ˴Ҫʲô
ںɫһȻЩңȴǹżǿ
ԼԪڣҲڼҾģǶ޷ӦıΣôԼֻԪǰʵˣǶԷĶ֣
ԣںһʱԼһҪ򶨣ǧöԷԼκεĻҡ


1208 ڼңǿ죡
үôһ㰡ãʹүڵأ
λѰɣ
ֵļУܿ˺ĴŴ֮˼ںһķУͿ񽣵ݶûжһ䣬ֱÿ˵·˺ܿĽ档
ںǸ
ЩûûԼڽʹɫ
ѣҪѣñүô
ںĺ޲óȥݺǼƣȴҳ嶯ԼСǺء
뵽Сз飬ںľս
Ҳݼڼͷүͷǰ·װûںɫ仯Цŵ
ã
ں뵽ԼǿȷµǿŶҩûʱᶾƵġ
ġ󡯣ɲ˿һ·Ϻڼ˴кһ߳Լ׺ʹڵĲȥ
ˣ£ΪҪֵܶ飡
ſڣڼҼڳкںĿͿϵʱȴüΪ˵˶ٱˣѲܴôȥ
ס
ڳĻںоԼҪˡ
Ź
˼ڼ
վ˳ڳ繰˹֣ĵ޷üڼֻ뺣үǶˣд֮ڼ£
⵽ô£
ĻڳʱɫһѯںĿȴϣѡ
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ںҪͣʱڳ֮ȴЦŵףӦֶв˶ܣöܴǽģⲻֶܹܵģ
ΪڽڼҴүҲȻںĴˡ
ںԪǰ˵ڽԪڵʵȴ۷壬ʥҲв̵ľ롣
ںԣڽĸоȴôãһ۸֮ˡ
ڽĻڳֿ˿ں΢˫λСǺηʿ֪ԴֶμкιɣǲǮƣڼҴ˫ַϣҲ͵ǽλѣ
Ǯƶ˵ȴǲȱ
ǺһЦĵ˷ðݼڼȴһѯڼʵѸ棡
ˣ˵ɣ룡
õģ룡
ܿ죬˱ֱаձ£ڽںֵܵɫͬڳҲûзԸ˷裬ֱʵûλ
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ţ
Ļڳ˫ͫʱһȴЦЦҡͷĪˮ˭Ҵδ
ô
ȴǵЦڼҪƭΪãղŵɫ仯Ѿ˵һˣ㲻ʶҽӦû԰ɣ
˵˲ʶͲʶѲڼҵһ֮ƭ𣿡ڳ
ǿ˵
ʼ磬ĿȴڽӹЦڼϥӣѾүˣλڼҴүڽɣȻװͱԪڵʵʥҲǰ϶ӵɣ
л佱
ڽ˹֣καı仯
ϧϧ
̾ѵҡҡͷ̬ڼҸ˶ʱɫڳ統֪ڿϧʲô
ϧڼ۵ĻڼҽչȥͶϺˣڼǲ̫ϧˣЦ˵һĨɱ
Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
ڳߵ浱ڼʲôطĪǣƾǶҲɱӲɣ
磬ԣ
ϷһЦ͵һһƺڽѾУ޷Ӧ֮
һȭڽĸֱӿסڽĲӣ޷һķףͬӤ֮ڳƵģһޱȵڽĵӣȴް취
ڼô
Цſڳ磬ĵˣǸһ㣬үѾҵĶҩ֮ûнҩĻôһõ˶ɾҪһ̯ŧˮˣӣǱҵúţ
㣬㡭
ڳɫ䣬ںǲϴͷŻţɫѾޱȲ԰ףֵ֮ܳĺﾪŲѡ
ڽ޷֣ͬһϺѪɫ
㵽ʲôˣ
ڳһǿѹסеĺɫʵ
ң˵ҵ֣
ʼ磬Цҽ죬ΪһĪˮҵʦ
졭һ
ڳɫΪ䣬Īˮʦʱ򣬸һ۾һĨεĺɫ
ôڼ
ֵڿɼǵĪˮ˭Ĵ⣬Ȼұ֤Ĵ̾ͻǰ
˵䣬΢ڽ԰׵϶Ȼͨ죬Ϊֱ̣ӷˡ
ס֣ס֣
ڳæеҲ΢һЩЦڼ
ãܺãڳסˣ
ضһۣڳһ˵ĲҵȷʶĪˮ׼ȷ˵ӦҸʶ
ƽĵУҲòڼһ䣬˵һЩҸȤģģȻҿɲұ֤һ᲻ʲôõľٶ
㡭
ĻڳɱһûͺڽУںо綾òͶ
ƽһͷķŭɱڳǰʱ䣬ĪˮսҸױ뿪ׯ԰δ飡
ô򵥣
üëһڼǲǻʲôû´Ļ½ڼҪͽүү飬Ҳйذɣ˵ҲҵĺģΣ
죬㲻Ҫ̫һ򣬲ڵ򣡡ڳʵ̲סˣŭ
Σ
һЦҲڼҵİɣڼƺһ㶼ңѻʸУǺôĵӰ
ˣڼ
һ󣬿ڳĿҪγˮһǿƵĵҪ˵ûиᣡһΣڼȥĻǾ͹ֲˣ
˫΢УɢŨɱڵ¶ȶ˲½£ʹڽں˲ɵôһ
ǿƵ̬ȣĻɭɱ
һֳ̣һУڳ˫ͫһһ˿ޱȵĿ־У
죬ڼҴһУڳһٱڳҧ
ۣһŽ±ǣ
˿Ϊ⣬ЦʼڣڼʵѸ棬ȻҵԿĲడ


1209 ֳһ
ã˵
ɫףѵڽڳǿŭҧӦ
ⲻͽˣڼ֪ˣֺαظղôǿӲ֮ĺأ
ǺһЦֽڽſ̴ڴڵĴŴ֡
磬㻹ðɣ
ںʱǰڽԱߵãָһ裬Գֵܼĸ黹㲻
Ƿˣֻǹôֻ֣Լˡ
ڳһۣôֱӷ˽ѵͲҷ𣿡
ô
ԣȴüëһЦȻٸôǾһٽүɵץסڼţ
㵽Ҫ֪ʲô
ڳһʵ
ܲͷԼ̲סеɱŭ֣һղűֳʵڳ绹ûаܹսʤ֮һв¾ͻڼҡ
һһ뿪Ļŭ֮£ڼҾԶҲضܵҵɱʸΪ˵ЩûԲΪǶҶϡ
ʦڼҵʲôԹ
ڳӣ΢΢һ̣ĵղ˵㸸׺ʦսδ飬ôַʲô룬Ӧû֪ĸһЩ԰ɣ
ʵҸղ˵Ķģ
ڳλϣɫѿĻԵҵȷ֪׺Īˮ֮䵽ʲôԹֻĪˮһˣһˣϹԶô£ҲҲʹףȴû˵ֻҲùܣúõľӪ壬Щ鲻ܺûһе
ڽգҵȷǽӵ˸׵Ĵţ
˵ڳɫѿŨŨĵǣ״˵ĪˮѾսϣȴҲˣ̴ֽŽͺȥЩҪ
ûἰʦôˣżʵ
ûУ
ڳҡҡͷصҸ׵ĪˮӦˣȥ˺δҾͲ֪ˣ
ϼںδһȥ
ʲôҲҪȥ
ڳ̧ͷǲԸ뾯衣
ôڼԸ⣿
üëһٴϲǿ˵ģһǷȰڼǺپǧҪЩԼĪ飡
ãҴȥ
ڳơ
ڼҼƹڼׯ԰֮һӻܶв
ĲΥ˼˵Ϊڼң
ܺãڳɣڼ룡
ЦЦڳһƣڳֱץڽںˣֱڿն𣬳Զȥ
񽣣ߣ
кһ¿񽣣Ҳ̽ڳȥգۼǻʧ

ףô
Ϳڳ￪һɽ֮ʱڳһλڵϣԱڽںҲżֵĿǸˣѪǺɫߡ
֪˾ڼҵϼԫ
ԫ˿̵״̬ж˼һ𣬿ղڳ˵ؽ
ҲΪˣʦĪˮûнɱ
λǡԫͿ񽣣ɵʵ
ǡ
ڳҪ˵ʲôȴǵĵϼҽ죡Īˮҵʦ
졭һ
ԫ߶һ䣬漴Цһ£ȴǽһڿѪȳƺʱӲڲϵС
죬㹻ˣ
ڳŭûҸڶ㣬㵽׻ҪôѵǵҪҸױ𣿡
죡
ڳŭȣԫȴǷǳһ䣬漴ǿ켸ۣɬĵ֪ʲô˵ʵʮǰĶԹڼҲǱˣЩѾϹٷ˽һܹüԼĶӺӣ
ϹٷˣָȻĪˮˡͷӺʦһԵ飬ԫλϼסӦú
ܹڳ粢δ˵ѣʶڳƬ̺󣬱ʵϼ֪ʦȥ˺δ
˵䣬ָһһŵҩʱڳȶƣȻⲢָֻӳһЩʱѡϾڳʦҪɱˣܲΥʦԸ
û´ĻϹٷȥ˾ǧ￪ĽңڳԵ˵ҩƺ˵ȶһЩ
ң
ʱһôֳһң
ϼ⽯ô£
üʵĪǾղ˵ڼҵ
ǣ
ԫͷ˵ҪҵϹٷˣǾøϹȥȻһϹٷ뽯ʮֲҺͽҵ飬Ѿ֪Ϲٷˣ
ˡ֪ˣ
ͷҪת뿪֮ʱȴ͵ںԣ˫ֿٵͱ˼¡
ںκηԱߵڳҲӦĴѾ
Żۡ
ںһţһںɫѪڵϣʱǵһ𣬺ɫѪо޴ʴƵģֱõֳһƬڣйẔִ́ǵζɢڼ˶ɫ˲䡣
үڵĶأѾΪˣ
쵭ĵϣϼûƭңȻҶȻڼ¼Ȯ
˵䣬ɢޱɱ漴ҲûڼҼ˶˵ʲôкſһͬڿն𣬳Ϸǧ￪ĽҼٷȥ
ÿֲɱ
ԫ̾һҲ֪ᣬɱ֮أãڼҡ򣬺ǿǣ
ףûˣڳȴûȥЩԫϢƺƽһЩɵúǿġ
û£ֻǿŵҩöѣ
ԫЦҡҡͷˣȻȥɣ⣬Ըȥڼ˶£Ǳߵ˵
ܿ죬ڳԲ£˱㷵صڼׯ԰С
ʱͿڲϸ·ΪûȥҵԵʣҲʹ˲ƣΨֻΪһ㷽λ߸ԩ·
ǧľ룬ͿٶȣҲͻ˲һʱʱ䡣
ҵʵȻȲʸ壬ȴҪҸ߳һЩҲһˡ
ǵļ彨һɽУɽǵΧɽΪĳ˷һЩ˵⸽ұĴڡ
ɽΧʱ򣬿񽣱ǿʵүֱȥңȵȣ
Ȼǡ
Ҫش֮ʣȴǶϴһǳЦĲмֱȥңһҲ̫Ц˰ɣΪ˭Ϊǽʲô˶ܹȥ𣿡


1210 ʽܣռʦ
࣬˵һޱ٬мӣɫף֪Ȼֳԣ̫ķѾԪ˵ӵܣʱ˵ʱл§һŮ޼ɵĵЦţŮϵĿֱЦԵüΪģͬһƵġ
࣬վ߰˸ˣһĿͿЦѣƺڸղſǾ䡮ֱȥҡеޱȵĺЦ
СӣҲô˵ô
§ŮߵͿǰмƲЦƾҲȥҼңô뽯ҰɣǰΰҪǹһҽʽܵЬӣ˵һˣͿԴǽȥ

Ŵ˵Ļܱߵ߰ҲЦøˣ˿ͿԽѿɫ
ү
񽣳ȥԵŭ⡣
ȥɣ飬ȱɱǣʼ磬Աⲽȥ
֪ˣ
һЦͷ֮͵һȭӳ˶ȭͷһ磬ֱӺΪʽ֮˵ϡ

ʽܸ޲ıһȭɳȥ㵹ɳʮ׿⣬ſͣ¡
ʱĽʽȴǱͶѪѾ̬֮
ҴңǾȻҴң
ʽܷŭϣҪɱǣɱǣ
ৡ
ʣµ֣ŸԵıҪʬεƣ
ǸŮѾŵɫ԰ףȴԾɹԹԵȥǽʽ߲꺮ů
ɱǾֱӷϵ
кâ˸Ҳûаγؽֱӻȭͷ˽սһ𡭡
ȭߵлǼ˵ƺߣÿûκΰ취ԼܵȭŵĹȫûʲôԿ
ʱĿ񽣣һһĹЦţǽʽܵ˵ɫΪѿ
ˣüһһʲôֱ֪
ϣү
æӦ¡
񽣲֣ûʹؽƾһ˫ƣҲʰǼˡ
ԣ⼸˱ǳˣڿ񽣵ĹϮУǲǶϸ첲ȵĵڵϣһľǰʹϣֱҲ̶ã
⡭ôܣʽܿǰһĻѾױסˡ
¶ĲǷŭȫޱߵĿ־ȡ
㣬Ҫʲô
ſ񽣳Լ߹һŴϵýʽܲûֱų
ٺ٣˵أ
ѿһЦʽܻǶ£񽣴һ˦ٴνʽȵ÷˳ȥʱߵǸŮҲɵԶص׹ʽϣŪһһʹƺߣûֱιȥ
ţĿʣµϣȻ̤ϣת˲ʣµ˱֮ǰĻһֱӶȥ˫ۺ˫ȣڵϷ˺ѷΰʹ
üֱĵ׷
񽣣ɣ
ſ񽣻׼ǽʽܵʱĽס
ǰߵʽǰ־ӣ첻һЦû´ĻӦǽҵ˰ɣʽܣ񽯼ҵȷ֣ôûʲôӡ󰡣
ҡ
ʽܸҪڣȴɢİֵˣʲôҲ֪ղ˵Դǽȥң
ԣԣ
ʽˣ俴ſ̵ֲĳ֣ľս
ʱʻѾ˲ȥԷʲôĵˣһֻҪסԼС
Ŷ
ʽܴӵΪϵĻҳԪΪһ±ȷκƣЦ߰ɣȥңҪԹŶȻұ֤ķǳѿ𣿡
ףףʽСװͷ
ǳã߰ɣ
ЦЦʽܱͷǰ·ǸŮѾιȥЩϸ첲ȵĻûȥܣ˱ʱɽȥ

һ·ϣʽº͵ʻУԼڲȫһһʮ˵˳ڵԼ˵첻⣬ɱԼƵģԽʽȫ¨һ㣬ûκ
Ȼǽҵϵ⽯Ҳ
ƲƲ죬ĲмǽʽܸҷûǾڲõĸղţǰôǿĲֶΡ
񽣣öǽү񣡡
Ȼĺǳ˿һ䣬ǽʽȴ֣ڨЦҪҪ
нʽܵĴ·Ǻ˳Ľ˽ңδܵκ˵ѯʡ
Ҹأ
õʾ⣬ʽܺܿһʵ
үĻүڻдˣ˲̻ص
ˣʲôĿˣʽܼʵ
СͲˣ
ˣȥɣ
ڽʽܽ˺֮ųʽȥ
ףףλǰ治Զ
ʽЦԥͷǰ·ܿԾɺ˳˻⡣
ˣ鷳үˣ
΢΢һЦĵһ鷳㣬뽯үǧҪԶˣڵĶɲð찡

Ļʽɫ৵һ²ҰײѣȴǹһЦҲûȥǴſ񽣴̤ĳǰȥ
ȻţȴʮĸܵʦϢʱ黹ǱȽϼġ
֨ѽ
ԥĽƿû˵ʲôһƵȻҲ˵׼ǡףʲôˣ
˵ǽҼʤ
ȻȴûᣬתһԵĪˮȥЦʦҺҰҪǳʲô飬ͷӲðҵƤ
Сӣôˣ
ĪˮҲɫһϲ漴ȴƲƲôѵʦ𣿡
Ķܰ
ߵĪˮΪż򣬡ʲôʱ¹ͷӣ˵ҿģһҪʲôҾʲô𣿡
㰡𣡡
Īˮûķһۣ漴˵Сӣôһضû˼ҽʤô˵ģôҲ˼˴к
Ǻǣ
ЦЦɫѿĽʤ˹֣ĵ˼
кҲû仹һ˿˿֮⡣
ңϹٷ˵ͽܣ
ʤ죬ĪϹٷ˽ͽܾͽ̳һض
ҽͽͲͽˣĪˮҲص
ȴڴ˿˫һУ˵עһ㣬ҪʦﲻҲˣ

ĻǽʤȴǴЦСӣ಻ʮ꣬ҲҶô˵Ǿ仰ϹԶϲ˵࣬㣿ʲô


1211 ʤ𾪣ɱ
ʤ˿ûнС
Ȼ֪ôģؿ϶ǾʲôıֶΣǽҵķ񲻳˶
ּľٶýʤҼŭ죬ǹ˼ĪˮڳƢǶֱӶɱˡ
ȻҲҪʤܹɱı¡
ʤǲмĻ¶һĨϰԵаЦ΢΢𣬵ȴһĨɱ¶
ôĿ
â˸Ĳʲô˸۸ʦ壬ҾͲ죡
Ҿ壿ƾСӣҲ
ǽʤһſЦȴЦֹס˫΢˿˿죬ʵղ˵죿ĸ죿
Ҳܴˡ
һݣ˵˲֪˲ȴڼ
˵أ
һЦ˵ʲô𣿺ۣ⻰˵úã
һƺûеϷʣʤء
Ҳ֪ٵŰ
ĵҿһôҲȲʽɲԸңҵʲô
⡭⡭
ʤһͣ޷ش
ǳ˼㣬ʤôҲ벻ĪˮͽܾȻĻһ죡
ֻǣֳУʤԥ֮ȴиֳ˿˿ɱ
Ϊ˴ֻһˣǽڽңֻҪסϢйôҲȻղʲôʵԵ֤ݣҪǣܹо͸ˣǴϵõܹʵĽݾ߷˵Ǿ޴
˵˻ýڲõĽѻʸȡ֮Ϊİ
Īˮ֮䱾ǳУϹԶûԹȻĪˮˣʤҲԲ뿪
ܹĪˮһ£ضԶϹԶƣôԽҽиĺô
Щʤɱ
ʤ
һɲǣĪˮĽʮǰϹ֮飬ҽͱҲˣҲ˵ûиᣡ
ĪˮôĿ
ʤѾɱȻҲκοһǻִһԪҵԱٵټ
񽣣ȥſţ
˫΢УҸɱۣ
ǣү
񽣵ͷֱվſڣ˳ſڵĸȴڲԶǽʽŵɫףæ˸ݴԽ棬Ψֱ񽣷֡
ʱڣĪˮմվ׼˵ʲôʱȴһЦʦ֣ȺȲ裬Ϸɣ

Īˮ֪ڹǼᶨ֮ʱĪˮҲûж˵ʲôͷ
ôɱ
΢΢һЦŤͷʤɲǣҲֳ֮ޱȻɱ⣬ЦƾҲʦﶯ֣ɣүʶʶλ
죬
оеĲмʤŭ죬ȺμٳžȭͷֱӳӺȥ
أ
첻Ļָ񵲣ǿ˲ͬʱһЩȻǽʤȴʮſסΣȴ岽ˡ
ôܣ
ʤɫ˲䡣
ʥ۷尡
첻һʮˣ죬ҲΪһԵʣʵĴʥң
ɾôһˣȻܹڴĶԹһռԵϷ磬ýʤ𾪣
㵽ʲôʵ
ʤ̧죬ױȵľâ
ҵʵ㹻ɱУ
һЦȻǧý֣ɢޱȱϢ¶ȶ½٣ΪĽʤɫ䣬ڶȻŨŨĲ֮С
ɱңΣ
ʤһҵƽƷǣһʱ侹ֽȫѹƵƣ
Ͼһ֮ȻΪһε𾪶ԽսȥʲôõӰ죬֮䵽˭Ӯ˭䣬Ҳֻýսȥڹˡ
˵ƶʼӿԱŵĪˮ˿ûӰ죬ȫǺԵĳԷֿ֣ԵüΪ
żӺ˲ԼͬĶˣ
৵һ£໥׵ľ˲Ϣͬʱ֣ȫһ񶷵ӣ
˫úò֣
ÿһȭÿһſȥΪ֮ͨѰ˵ĶŹв磬ֻԼԷȭżΪǿһвǱ·磬
˿̣֮ǰʤٻڵĺܶ˶Ӷĳ߻вԪ֮ˣһֱֳУɫʮֲơ
үˣ
񽣿ϰ˵Ⱥɱһغ
봳ߣɱۣ
뽯ʤֵӦɱʮ㣡
ϣ
촽¶һѪЦݣؽУһվſڣ׳ƾţ
ȥ
Ⱥв֪˭һ漴˷׷׳ſڳȥԵЩơ
ɱۣ
˵һ䣬Ȼؽ˷ĳȺӭȥ
ؽһӣǰ˱㱻ϮֱӵɳȥһߺȶΡ
̫ӿ񽣣ֺγǿʵһ֣
ɱȥ
˴Щ˱Ǽٵıƽ
ʱĿ񽣶ʱһȣԥĳؽֱӳȺУʢʱ֮ؽһһεĻУźü˵ӱֱ룬һȫʬû¡
񽣸ͣͻɽһ㣬һޱȿ񱩵ƣ
һˣԿϰ֮ڣȫռϷ磡
εȰ
ҺŨѪȻ⽯һǰγһƬѪ
̶̲ӵʱ䣬ʮȻڿУʣµһûԪڵ˶ֱһ
ȺлмԪڣɼΣ
Ԫڱô׵룬⼸ԪһϣҲǶ֣
ʲôûԼСĸҪ
һʱ䣬վڻſڵΣЩ˵ȴǵɱ񣬾ǲ˿춯

һĻÿޱſĴЦ˳
ʱڱע뽯ʤսĪˮȴǲЦõҡҡͷڿҲ缺һȻͣĪˮ䵱ӿ
ɵΣȴҲĪˮз˿˿οɫ
񽣣
ģĪˮ촽΢һǹճһߣȴǰ䡣


1212 ʥ򣬱ˮɲ֣
ĪˮĻ񽣺ԥŤͷת˲һɱɺСӣԴˣɶԸ
ôţ뱻𣿡
ĪˮĵҵģҳȥɱЩȫɱˣҺ뿴ҵжܸɱģ
ᣬȴɱʮ㣬ֱÿ񽣶һ
Īˮң
ĪˮԿ񽣵ķԸǽʤɫȻ䡣
οʥʵȺɱ¾ĻĻˡ
£Ҫ㽯ʤ𣿡
ĪˮƳһһЦСӻǲаȻܹǽܷ˵СаٵͷĪٵ𣿡
ٺ١ʦƺðɣ
һЦǼӴ˹ǽʤʱһƺߣȴǹϵظУһĵĽˣͶʵ𾪵˿̸Գޱȵĺɫ
ǿ
ǽʤΨһ뷨
ٵ͹ƣʥصʵȴҲ޷֮ǰǰģȥܿ񽣵ҪЩʲô
񽣣ûҵĻ𣿡
Īˮüһĳ񽣵ȥ
ŶŶ֪ˣİɣ
ͷϹԶĪˮ˵ȻһĪˮһЩ
СʱûٱĪˮøַʽĥȻ֮ûˣСʱӰȴҲôƽġ
Ƿˣүֻðá
ֺ˵û˵꣬Īˮһɣô˵ȲǳСӣŲҳ㣿
𰡣ˣ֪ˣĻ𣿡
񽣹˹죬ֳܿؽʱ̤ĳЩ˳˹ȥƴһҰް͵̬Щһ֡
ĪˮһƲܿ˸˻ſڣһһӱǶ
ЦĿ뽯ʤսʱʱĿ񽣴Ⱥ轣̬οȻŨŨĸж
ûк˵ԼĿĵأǻ˹ڼȻض˵
Īˮܹжأ

ȺУһĲҺ𣬿еѪϢٴŨ
ĪˮĻ񽣴ʱɱ¾û˿֮⣬ǡתµʱΧԪ֮˶ķҲ첻κӰ죬񽣵Ĺȴ̩ɽѹһ㣬ûܹסغϵĳ
һһߵʬ֣ûһģ
񽣶ȴҲԽɱ¾ſĴЦڶһͣһʻߵ˾ͷһζԵǰҡ
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ڣǽʤĿѣ˫ĿкƶҪѪһ㣬Եޱ
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죬ɸ
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ʤҧƴмƵģޱȱ䡣
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˫΢УǰӰȴǵһʱ䷢ǵʵ
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˵Ŀ⿴·Ⱥڲɱ¾Ŀ񽣣ԵЩ졣
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зһ˦ĪˮɫױɱȻ

ϾʥĪˮ֮Ժ˵ŭǳԥֱϮγһΧȦĪˮΧλãͬķչǸԵĹơ

Īˮ˫һУзʱת˲γһޣܿռľҲ˷Ĺӭȥ
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Īˮһ߷裬Է˵ĹȻûκЧĪˮû
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˵״̬˶ʱɫ䡣
ʱĪˮȴһЦ죬ǳˮɲֶΣ


1213 ж飡
Īˮ󣬵ͬڰеȴһǻе֮⣬鲻ԽĴһ
ˮɲĪˮ
ڻԪ½ϵһһУ˲֪˲Ĵڣ
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ǣүǵŪ㣡
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׳գ
һ߻Īˮһ߲мƲƲ죬һ䡮ǡȴĪˮͷɱ
Ѿʥ֮˿˱ҪɱĿ꣡
һϣСһЩĶ
˼״Ҳ漴ٴηơ
ֽâǵسĪˮϮȥٶ֮֮Ҳֺ
ȻĪˮֻվԭضҲδ趯зȻЩâȫֵ
ָʹķĪˮкһ㣬һ䳤һ̣ʱʱĸǳһԪ֣Щ˷Ĺ޷ӽһ֮ڣ˵ȥʲô˺ˡ
һĻ΢һԼʦֶʤֻҪһʼ·Ļ˿ҲĶ֣
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ৡ
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˫һУǧýʱֻĽâܿЩâڰս㣬ͬʱЩâ͵âɢΨЩϳ׹䣬·ضǲѣһһĿӶչ˳
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һߣĪˮʥ֮˵ΧȴԵ֪࣬Īˮóö֮˸ҿΪ˷ֹжǲòĪˮ֮ľ룬ӶʩչԶ빥ĪˮǱɫ趯УЩȴָ𲻵ʲô̫õЧ
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ৡ
ʹâʢĿռڶһ֮УȻѾĪˮ˾綾
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˼ŸνзĪˮɱʱʹâķȴǶȻɢγһʵ˿ƶգۼΧ
ΪԪֵĵֵټϷһΪ壬ĪˮɢĹûа취ԪֵķһĻȴҲ¶ޱȵЦݣĪˮĿҲ漴ٴαɱ
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ĪˮһЦ漴Ԫȫɫ˵ϣ˵ǰ·ƤҲȫʱ׵ӣէһƱĨ˸֬ˮһ㣬СĴڡ
Ҫǣ˵ϢҲۿɼٶȽţڵԪѪҺѾֹͣתӱޱȽӲӰ׹ڵغ󣬳ӻת֮⣬˵ˡ
ڳ˿ĿɿڴͿ񽣶ëֱ

ʤҲɫ䣬ѣĪˮı֮ǿʥȻ½Ƕûģĸ


1214 ʤ֮䣬ٱ䣡
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ĪˮͬӰƯּʷʧ󣬱ߵǰǲмЦݡ
Ǿŭ־ԼĸĿ⣬ĪˮһЦû뵽ΪĶôױסģ׳գʥ׳գ
֪Ϊʲôж𣿡Īˮһ䣬޾ĳŪ֮⡣
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Ϊⶾ壬ԪѪҺ
Īˮ磬ĵΪͲжҲ̫뵱Ȼ˰ɣ
ĶͨҵıֻҪӴԷԪԪϵԷʱ򣬱ϢĽԷڣǷʤ
һڣԪѪҺǵһʱ䷢ˣǽ̽ԪѪҺƳ⣬Ȼܽⶾ
ֻҪٹһңЩرԪѪҺתȫֱճΪˣǲǺ棿
Īˮ˵ޱȳЦ⣬þ֡
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ˮɲ֮Ȼͬ죡
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ΪֶأʱҪ˶ԷĪˮóҩǿԳ֣Ȼ˶κٴλĿܡ
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һӽʤķ˺󣬱ǴЦѡ
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ע⵽״ʤɫޱѿһǰδеĻҡ
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ʤڳźڣѾһЩԼڵĴ
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䣡
ŶͬʱѣƬؽһռѷԱըΪĳӡ

ǽʤ㼰ʱˣƵͬʱըĳֱӺϣýʤʱһʹ˲һѪչ֡
ͷɢէȥֱ֮ؤȴҲò˶٣Ǳ
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ʤȥ
״һȣ·Ҳܵ˴̼һ㣬ƺٶȶһ˲ٴ
˵ʱʱ죬ת˲ۿнʤӣͻأĿռһռ˸ʤӾֱԭʧڿմƬؾҲƺڲһҡҡ׹ơ
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һĻɫ˲䣬æŤͷȥ
ͬһʱ䣬·ϷĪˮҲǴվЩصɡ
ʤʧʵ̫ͻأһЩ
үС󣡡
·񽣶Ȼһ󲻼˼һԣղվλãһâռϮ첻һ˿亹
ղûп񽣵ѣڵѾֹĹһס
˭
쾯ĳǧýղâϮķȥ
৵һ£ĪˮҲɵ˿첢־衣
αͱˣ
˽ŵʱһд漴Ӱ֣ǸҼʤ֮⣬һȴһü԰׵ߣͯպ׷˫Ŀ񣬸һַ·°š
˵ʵ쾹޷͸
վǰӹȥȴû˿֡
ңӴ˾߽ʤľٶӦվڽһߵģпǽҵĳλ
ı仯üͷ


1215 
ǰʲôˣ뽯кιϵһƽĳʵ
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ߵȻһЦһΪʤָƣһߵ˵Ǵ˷Ҫҽ£ϷҲᱻأ
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ĪˮƥΪһ˵͵ֵùЩֵܽ𣿡
ףαǷϻ
ʤһŭǽ˶̰֮˺ƴˣ˭ܻ󣡡

ﳯʤƳһۣýʤʱ졣
漴ȴĪˮ漴ƳһͿ񽣣˼һԵȻϹٷִţ˵취㿴Σ
л˵ƨţĪˮߵ
ǿг֣˱ضղܻ뿪ԸһΪޣܹӵһжκˣô㵱ԾҽϹٷ˴ã˵
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ĪˮòϣʱĽ뵱ȣȫһƵģùž޲ͬõɮƵģֿƺ쳾֮С
ףҪ
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նǰΪͱҪе
΢΢һЦ豯ˣղΣΪƱػᱣסҽң
ƥĺܴ󣡡
Īˮ˫΢УĪΪĳܲסһй
Ϲٷ˵Цˣ಻ֻϹٷ˴һĶѣƽĵ
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Īˮ˽һߵƥҲҪ˵㻰ֻҪ˵һ˲κˣˣ
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ĪˮĻЦҡҡͷ
ղ˵˲κˣĪˮȴмһκһˣǽѶٻ
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Īˮ˫âһʱͿҲߵߣȻɲ֪ǰʲôĪˮȻ־ôǾֻ֧֣
񽣣ǵȻСģĪˮ
ʦֻ˵ǳһȴû˵ǲͬʱ֣
˫΢УǵĹ㹻ǿĹήͺܶ࣬òǻһЩ
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ĪˮԶʱԥĵͷ
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ĪˮӦһҲûǽʲôĶֻǵվԭأܵĿռȴȻ𽥱ƣɫ˲䡣
⡭
üͷһ壬ȻǸαѪʹ֮ʱֹŹ˵֮
ȻѪʹδֳԼ򣬵ҲƿһЩ֮Ҳ׽ġ
ѵ˵򣿡
ﶸȻһͷɫҲ˲ޱ
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ĪˮоҲЩԣҪѵʱȴע⵽صɫ
ϣҲ´ˣ¡
ЦҡҡͷҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴɫˢˢһ䣬Ϊܿռ侹ȻʼټѹǿĿռ֮˲ȫ
ܵȥҪˣ
Īˮ˫һУǱɫٴγУͬʱǧýͿ񽣵ؽҲϵһɲǼǶڵԪһ̼ת
Ϲٷˣ㻹ɣ
˲䣬


1216 Ըķ䣨ϣ
ĻʮĴ˶У˵ɫѿ
ĪˮȴػصƥҪ䣬ǰΣб£˵ˣ
ϹٷˣǺοأಢ֮⣬ֻҪ䣬๧뿪ͬʱҲԵһ˵
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ʲôȻܹųĿռѵǾֱô߳ȥĪˮǾϲĵ
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ðɣҲˣͿˣĪˮͷ㲻Ҫǿǡ˾˰ɣ
ʦģһ֪ʲô䣡
˫оâ˸ľĲϻָͲ䣬Ԫһ˲ȫתоƴ۷ɲǣĿһݣԥȵռ似λӰ


1217 Ըķ䣨£
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ƮûȽʤ˵ʲôαѾԭʧ


1218 ݷûʸ
ҵ֮ˣ
ҵУԨҴҵĴ߽ϲ֮ɫԱ
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Ӵʱʸλϵ̬ȣԿǶƽҲΪ⣬ƺѾϿƽͻʸܷܷ֮ĹϵҪһȴҲ϶Ҫܶ顣
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ЦŰڰ֣漴ܿĪˮһͬ˲뿪


1219 ط
Ϲٷˣǿǻˣ
ǻصصʱѵ֪Ϣ˱ȫӭӣŭҲˡ
ͷλõȣ˼
ĪˮЦЦŭ֡
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ף˵ȥѰʱ䣬ǵҲһ֮أϹٷǷ̿¯
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쵹ǲ֪֮ضҵˣĪˮ֮󲻽һܿЦӦȻԣֻҪļ֮أǰּ֮ΪģԾžŰʮһָϣоųɰһԽƶƳ
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ԨӦ£˴æ뿪ӰԨΪ˲ŵĪˮָҲڽ켸仰ˡ

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үԽԽ˰
񽣺ٺЦôڻûãҵĶӶˣ
ˣȥȳŰɣ
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ԳԺȺȵģ֣ȻĳһɲǼ䣬ȴüͷһ壬͵ĳϷ谵ȥ
ҹʣûһ˿»Ʒ֣ΧϺХһֺѹǳݵĸо
үôˣľٶҲ̷еľƺͿ⡣
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һҡҡͷƱһڣ˦˦ԴٴδڳԺ
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ৡ
һӣһӰâȵûͿαƽӰԭʧһ㣬ÿ񽣿ĵɴ˫ۡ
үʲôĪĹɣ񽣵ʵ
ͷ
ûĵǸˣֻٷóˣ


1220 ǿƱˣ壡
񽣣
˫һУʹһɫ
ã
ᣬʱϽʢγһɫķ֣Ժȫͬʱǿٵ־Ҳڴʱתǿ֮ܿռ䣬գ۱ƾԺһռ䡭
콫ԺڵһǽǴһЩСϵȶޱ
ɣǺӰû˿ٴγֵ˼
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ԥĵȻһֱûн󷨵Ū󣬵ȴҲʲôܾܵģ׳ȥѣ
ǣһвǶûκ쳣𣿡ͷܲĵ
û쳣쳣
˫΢У˵ˣҵĸ֪㲻ȫ֣ȴҲܹ
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شĺƶ漴һͬԵľʩչ£ԺڵһжûзŹȻȴûκη֡
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񽣺Ի󣬺ɵ졣

ҲһԼжϣ־ֺѰĺȴҲֲѡ
ҴˣûУûУ
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үܵˣֹԵʣ˵
ţӦҴˣ
Ҳǵͷкſ񽣱ٴ˼ԳԺȺȣʱʱĸǺϼơ
ʱһһĹȥˣҲȵĲˡ
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˿̵ĺ棬ҲǻǧýֱϮһǰһĽӰȫǵĹΧڡ
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Ӱ״ԥһѪۿ񽣵ĹɲǣӾǶȻԭʧҸû˿Ŀռ䲨
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üͷһ壬漴˫ɱ˸Ȼ㣬Ǳپ棡ҵҪܶ㵽Ķȥ
Ǳˣֱ̫Ī⡣
ٿ䣬־漴˷Ŀռ֮ӿԭԺ󷨣Ҳ𽥵СΧԺжʱֳԽصѹ𵴡
ݡ
ȻһӰո֣˲ҪϿܡ
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״һɲǣһɫХ𼼡ս죡
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ৡ
âӺӰϼϮǿĳÿռ
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쾪һæ˸ζܡ
ڿʵҲԣ켸ͬʱжܣͬʱǺӰȴǳûٴڿգһѪ֮Ӱֱӿٵռ䣬ֻһԽԽ
󷨣ȴҲ΢һº󣬱ʮظоӰȥ

콫Щâȫɢ֮ȴǺݺҧһ
үˣ񽣵ɫҲЩѿ
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һ˫΢еĵܹ죬ƺһʱռ䣬ռ֮Ӷݵ棡ңȻԽĶûܣƺҵλӰЩƣ
ˣ򵥣
˵ҲǳүʵӦֻʥػң԰ɣ
Ӧʥأһ
кâ˸ĵһ֪ҾȻ
ү˵ڲˣһ
һԲģѾںܾʱˣ
˼٣ӦһϵݣֻǴû˵עˣ
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ͷĿңңĿϱߣ͸ǱߵˣϣϺܹ׼һЩɣ²ǵҩƲɣʦﶼҪ˶
ĬĬףûٶ˵ʲô

Ϲٷˣ뿴ˣ˴Ϊ壬ҵľ֮أ
һߴɽϣԨԼͬĪˮ˲˵ʱ򣬶ݺѾȺڴˣɽΧҲ˻Ͽ֮⣬ܽ˵ܲ͸磬ԷֹһЩĻ֮˵Ŀߴš
ţȿ˵
Īˮף漴Ⲣɽ߶
ÿ߾ŲҪͣ£ͷ˼һ
Ҳûдߴ٣ֻﾲصȺš
ڴŰʱ֮Īˮ˻ЦŵͷǼ֮أʮַϾžż֮ʺƶ򵤣
ǾҪϹٷˣ
ЦЦ漴óһָǰּ֮ԼʮһָĲϣϹٷˣЩ㾡ȫҲֻܼһݣԡ
ûݵĻ˵꣬ĪˮЦŴϵ׶ԣұض߾ȫ˴ƵʥƷҩԻ뼸λлرܣҪ֤Եİ
ףף
˷׷׵ͷȴԣ֮ʱûڽǰ˶Īˮ
ƺ룬ĪˮЦѵ㲻ʦ𣿡
Ȼǣʦҡ
ҡҡͷ׼˵ʲôĪˮȴЦŰֵˣ˵ˣҲλƶ򵤵ʱ򣬻֮ıڳضΪԵĻӶʧܣ
ԭҵȻδ˵
˷׷ЦĪˮĻδκλɣȻ˵Ǿţ³Ϳ֮⣬ԨҲûаٷְٰɣ
ȻĪˮô˵ˣܶ˵ʲôأ
ܿɽ壬ھ֮վЩҲ׷һͬ˷ΧʲôõӰ졭


1221 Ϯɱ֣
ΧŭȴҲ˹
ϣ㲻Ҫôˣʵƽ
ô
ŭüëһĪϷҪͨһ
ݣԼүүĳԨ⻰󣬼ͬʱüͷһ塣
˵ʵڵģ˵ҪͶƱѡһ¶֮˵Ļ°ٷְٽŭѡС
ֳȨʵ̫˿ˡ
ֻǣһжû֤ݣҽķ֮ŭУҪû֤ݵô˵ĻǻҵĶѣԲǴԸ顭
۷֮ףվ۷壬һҷҴӶ·ѵĻô壬ͬΪ۷ĸҲԲֻᣡ
ϣôˣ
ŭĿڼߺݣϵżİΣԲʧ
ϷģһжѾ׼׵
ݻףƽĵϹٷھ׼ǲܿ
ѵҲУŭ
ǴϺʧܣ
ûݻشߵΪʥƷҩô򵥣˵㲻ʦֶΣ

ĽԣŭâһȵݣһҲǴϣĺ˵Сҷˣ
񣡡
ԨҲǰһֱŭˣҲڹļΣѣȻˣҲˣţֻҪдڣǶȻûκСҳֵģ԰ɣ
⻰ڿޣȴֺγһļأ
ﶼɵľŭ
ŭĳֻ֣ɼԨ˻ѾǽŭİȫϵһеĸҳȥϮɱĪˮĻŭѲ˸ϵ
ΪҴϣŭԨе⣿
ɨǰӵԨһۣŭ˵һ飬벻ţҲǸͶ¶֮ˣұضȫػĳ϶˵
ϣˣ
Ԩۺ룬Ȼӱǰλ϶ĳϵϵңԨҲûиŭʲôõɫ
ˣ˵䣡
ݰ˰֣漴ܿǷûУΧʼˣϹٷǿʼ𣿡
ԣ
ʼԾΪĻۣҴҶܹĸоЩ۵ĵǾۣĪˮڵλã
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ǿżܵ¶ҲʼһЩϹٷĿʼˣ
һҪ׼κȥţвأ룡Ҳ˵
ĻҶǽŵסȭͷ
ⲻһ飬ҪʧˣʦҲܵӰ죬ԲԸ⿴ġ
ʱһһĹȥǾϵļ֮۵ԽԽ࣬һһ㣬֮ĴҶܹо
ҪǣǾ۵ϿʸֳͮͮһƬһһ㣬ֹľȴڽŵиƽ˼С
ŭվԭûκζĿһֱǾϣƺԣȷ֤İȫУΪʱĻɣȴһŹע۵һʼվŭһһ
תۣȴѾһչȥǾ۵¶ȷǵûмڲϵУʱҲ缴緢ĻɽƵģԾΪӿŵһҪƬضȫȻơ
쿴
ͻأָǰǾۣ۾˲˼㡣
ʵ˵ǰһ˶һ
Ǿ۸ĿУžɫľצͬһ㣬Ǿϵ۶͸Щһ
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콵󣬱ر
һУɵ૿ڣϹٷ˴˴Ƶƶ򵤣ȷһر
˵䣬λϵ˸ŨŨ֮ɫ
Ȼȴһϣһڴ
·һھΧϷ裬ȵƶƴ˽뵽һõľ磬ֱôҶǴ۽磬һľ̾ѣ
ھ̾ͬʱҲǸΪΧһУֹʲô״ݸһΧԸܵһһҪʮֵľԽֽҪͷǾԽʧġ
үҪɹ𣿡һߵʵ
Ӧûô򵥣
ҡҡͷüҪ׼˵ʲôʱȴͻأͬʱһ󾪺ˣ
ৡ
ڳɫ˲䣬Ӱ˷ٳǾ۷ȥٶ֮ƻһâЩһѾǳ˰ΧȦֱƾ壡
ĸλϣһϣ
ŭһֱһ˲ƵǳǰѪâǰ棬ֻá顯죬ӰԸٶȵɶ׹֮󼸾ֱӳʬ塭
ͬʱݣԼԨҲǷֱ˲Ƶ˲ͬλãݺ֮⣬ԨĵֵȴԳּѣϾλʵ͵һ
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ͬʱѾŪϮɱ֮˵ĴŭҲæԨڶĻɼ˼֡
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أ
ո˸ɲǣӵȻϮѪâֱӺǾɽϣʯ׹䣬Ϊ֮۶Ŀֲֻˮֱð
Ҳ֪ǱȵȺǱͻϮ亹
ৡ
ɲǣӰӵֱ˾ǵ澹Ȼûһĺۼ·ֱôðһƵġ
ӰУһžߣѪɫװ֮⣬һϽߵ֮Ϊס
Ѫ֮һľѪ
˫΢УѪе֪ѪٵĴڣͷǾѪı־
û뵽Ȼ֪٣ñٸеޱҰ
Ѫ¶˫һĨ죬ȴɱΪѪ֯Ȼ쵱ͷŵ˿ܹնɱȥ֮ضܵ͡


1222 īƣǿɱ
Ǻôĵӣ
˫΢Уû´ĻҼͶжڰָʹİɣĪǣµģ
ǧҪᣡ
Ѫ˰֣ЦŵҲֻǷԸһѣصȷɭϣҲȥû뵽ԸͦõģǼһӦû̫ʱ˰ɣ
Ȼ㣡
âһȵѪºôĵӣȻô
ⲻ˵ЦôǲôǸôĪǣ㻹ҸյضȻƽһ
ĻѪȴЦѣǲм볰֮⡣
ǵ˰ɣ˭·ûƵģٴʵ
ѪµĻܣܸ˵ģ
ѪƲƲ죬漴ֵԸѪ£ұ֤һ㲻ҵĵλʱ֪һоȻ֪ˣ֪Σ
ңҲ䣿
ԵЦѪ޶ǳãҲҼ룿Σ
ҲգҲûܴӦԭһڿòˣ
ѪЦЦб֮ɫˣǾñ·ɣҲΪϼһĸ󻼣
˵ţѪбѪɫһһı˫У˾˫־֮ͨ첻˫ͫһĵ׳׳
ôĿ
ʱû˵һдųŮԶļٴӰֱ࡭
㣬īƽ㣬ôˣ˵Ľݣ첻ɵȻ
ôӭ𣿡
īϻޱĵĽЦǿһ֮أҪ㲻Ը⣬ھߣ˰ɣ
ĵд˿˿Թƺʱܹ޳ӣЦá
ǲ˽īƵˣ»Ϊ˶ίء
ˣīƣЦˣ
ڰֵܵܣģ
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ͷӦλһ֣ǽ壡
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ŮԥĵͷʱѪȴٴЦôĿ˶Ǻϲȱɱ֮󣬱汾ٻȥΣ

⻰ע⵽Ѫкε̰īƱһģɱһгһ㳯ѪֱӴȥ
īƣģ
״һҲ漴ϣһһϵޱĬգۼǺѪսһ𣬳ײڶȻʱʱȴѪĸֵϷԼīԽŭ
ǡ
ȷŮһʱ֮Ŀ漴ʣѪ֮˵ϣɱʮ㣡
˶˵ʵʥأ֮ʥػҪǿһЩҪˣҲֻһȥԸ
һжԷʵԼǿѾǳȶɱӣǧýҲǷһǿҵ˷ܡ

һֱâֶȥ
ȴҲѪ˸գ۱ĹΧһǰһĳŸԵչѸ͵Ĺơ
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˵β˸һۻ֮Уǽ֮ڶƺǰĲϲ
ʮˣֳͬսţּս֣ضƳܲסǵսƵģһռѷ첻ϳ֣ΧϾ£һǿĿ࡭
ǵȻ֪커ݣֻ״ΣûǴڶȵľ
һжκ·磬ЩһǾ̾ѣȻһ֮飡
Ȼ˵;̾Уȴп֪
ȼҵĽսΣԷʵʥأóϹһüζУ췴ӦѸټʱĻ϶Ѿ˺ܶ˺ˡ
ôսȥ
˫΢Уǧýһθ֮κԥļٷ˿ȥ
ʱ䣬ȻضʦȥӰ죡
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𼼡ս죡
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죡
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һҧҩľָԪٴǿʱٶȶȻ죬ͬ˲һƽҺĺݺݳϡ
䣡
ʱԭӵըƬصĲֲĢ̳ƺǰԶľ嶼ܵӰ졭
ֲĢƾǽЩļ֮˲٣ʹΧһһˣΨֱ꼰㣡
ףû
һĿⴥѪ֮ڵλãȻεڲ䶯ȴһĨ죬ܿȴֱŨɱ
Ȼûһ̣
˫΢У¼ŵҩ󣬸оԪļٻָڵ˰֮ϣ˫ֿӡ۶һɽĿֲѹѸ
ת֮һתɽ
ƴ۷ɲǣǵȳ
ǣܿռֲֿļѹ֮ɽ֣غƶܵӰ·ɲ䶯ȴǱ޴ڵѹһţ˺ѷεĲҽ
ȴûκֵ˼

˫âһ˫Ȼϣ·˵ӱѹ͵ıը
Ѫ׷ɣǱѪ΢һĲдʬ壬һ׹ǶûУ
ңޱȲң
˻ǿ
һǼһĻĵһ
Ŀ֮⣬ȴ˼ֿ־壡
ɱֶΣ̫𺳣
ܵܣ̫Ұ㿩
𵴹īƴгеֿϲš
Ȼû˵ʲôȴΪ֮Ķ
죬һҪɱ㣬ɱ㣡
˶ԣǾѪȴǷŭͨ˫к⣬ī־Ƕ޲ֱӳȥˣ
ɱң
ȴǲмƲƲ죬ƾֲͷ¶β󱲣ҲɱңΣ


1223 սѪѩƵƣ
ǲмѪλٸǷŭͨ˫кʱ緢һ㡣
ģ
ѪȻɲǣīһֱӽ˿ȥʱĶ㿪ѪĹơ
ȻҲһ˲䣬ѪŮϮɱһѪȻǰ
һѪɫ޾ɱֱָ쵤
ɫһݣԥķǧýҲǼæǰ񵲣漴ֻáϡһѪ˲䣬һɾֱӣ춸Ȼһ˶Գ˼ġ
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˫ͫѪʵ֮ѪỹҪǿϼ֣
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ѪḦһ֣ȷʥصʵʱвм֮ɫȴȻɱ
ʥص죬ȻܹղǰǿɱԼʥأʮóϻ֮£ⲻòѪŭ
죬
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͵ƣֲɱŻѪȣڴ˿̾ɣ
ܵܣ㣡
ʱīŮҲǼٱƽһһҵĴѪչ
Ůˣ
оĹȻѪôĻҲȻˡ
ĸѪ˵һ־Եĳ裡
кâ˸Ѫ˼죬Ť͵Ѫɫ趯һѪƮɶͬʵһŮӭȥ

ѪȻһȣѪըѿǿĳʱŮӭȥ΢䣬ԥܣͬʱ趯ԵĳЩ⡭
һȴǸѪһõʱ׷Ϯʱ
ѪûзŹֻᣬһ˲ֱӳǰеһѪɫƻһѪɫƵģĲſѪڳͷ­Ȼҧȥ
𼼡ս죡
״ԥȳɫХգۼѪɫԿһ
䣡
һֲľȻɫѪɫڰжȻײƬռѣ񻹳һڶ޾ĺ
ۣ
ڸܵ𵴣̲סһѪ˳
˵ķˣɫҲ˼԰ס
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һΰĨȥǵѪգľٵĻָơ
죬
Ѫͨ˫кâһѪʢܼӿգۼٴֳѪɫһѪɫƲʲƮɣƸƬضֳһĲѹ֮С
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һĻɫȻ䣬ȫѪҺ·һּͣ͵ƣ
ǰδеΣУоı٣˵Ѫʹα֮⣬ڶּΣյĸо

찵һȫԪļת˫ֿٵӡ
ʱīŮҲڽЩըѪ֮ٸ˹Ǻվһ𣬸ϼɫɫֹâ·໥ںϵƣһ˫ɫĿֲ޽ֶһǿ֮С
⡭
΢΢ü֪ΪΣȻǰ޽ЩϤ·Ķ
ȥ
ü˼֮ʱīŮͬʱǱ޽ӭѪɫХޱҫ۵ɫɫ໥֯Ĺâռ䶼ʱһֺĽâϢ
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һԼĶͷ˿пӡѾɣҲһ񣬺ԥĴȵת֮תѵأ
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ֻѪԣīŮĲȴһĨǿҵϲúڴ֮ɫ
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1224 Ѫıؼʱ̣
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1225 ѪӶݣƵɣ
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1226 ѣ̻ɽ֮Σ
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1227 ɽɱŭ죡
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ʶˣԨĪˮҲδһֱУ춼һϲŭɫˣ֮һܹ뷨

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ˣĴȥˣүүұҪϻȥʹϣ˵һɣȲĵ


1228 ѪȾ̻ϣ
ˣſһ𣬸ûиԺλ˵ʲôĻᣬǾֱ뿪أҲ˲Ԫģǽʹ˲ƣű̻ɽķȥ
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ϵ˲ɣ˵ӦŵһԸȥаɷʱ뵽һּٵת״̬


1229 ѪȾ̻У
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ԪϲˣڶԷǧ˵ĹģȽž޴Ĳࡣ
Ȼÿһûһ⣬̤ĳȥһ֡ˮ׳ʿһȥⲻı׳ա
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ֻǣǸ֪Ѫµ˵ʲô취ţڵ¸ûа취˳ȥԮѵаɷľҪ⸲֮


1230 ѪȾ̻£
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񽣵ȴδʹͣ£糱ˮһһһļϮɫԥıҪתԪз

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ԼȫһȴֻնȥұۣЩˬǷɿٴξܿǲ׸ߵľ޴Уһ˫ֳؽɽһ㣬Ž֮ղŸӿֲƣǶֱȥ
һΣؽˣҪֱĿֲ
ռټϴ˿̿ΪѪ񻯶ŲǵʵֲֿǾɣ˶ʱɫףΪϱۻڲʹ޷ȥӦԿ񽣵Ĺơ
һΪ֮ǰһԿڸ𵴵Եʣ˿ڿ񽣵Ĺ£ȴҲЩҡ


1231 һν֣Ů
ֲĹƣƺΧĻսܵӰ졣
Ѫ»аɷŵˣЩͣĪŴ˿̿񽣵ĹǿǸߴģƶѹ˵ĸо
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1235 ϤİŮˣùã
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1236 ʹˣƷȣ
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1237 ֮䣡
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λƮ䣬Ǳ˰˰֣ĵʣµˣȥɣ


1239 ȫٷѩɽׯ
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һ죬ЩŹֵĵɲֶܹŶϵôģ


1240 үүعң
ϵ
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ķһۣúúõģȻһЩϢƺҪǲҵ£̸˻ûȴӵ㸸׵ĴţҲȥǣרչ˺÷ѩɽׯ

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һеһУҸ۾Ứĵȴ˻ر
ԽԺڿԹĺһˣ


1241 ĶŮǣ
飬ҽʱϲ֮һ
ʽ֮ʱУ֮˶ŰݷãȫһƣӦ״̬ȴʮգϵЦݾͼûмٹ
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տ˲ʱһֱ˶ԵĲϴűãͣ
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֮ǰ˵컹ΪǻԪ½ϵĴϹٷأ
Сʦ壬Ĳʶʦ𣿡ԱһԼĪʮҲǳ
ǡ
һ漴ؼһ͸Ӱʮ֮˵òȻصǸҲһͬİ͸Ӱȫǡ
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ͷӵһ£ӵȫͬ
һֱ״̬ڵϹʥԼƼյͽܰҶ
ʶУƺΪСʦҲֻаҶһ


1242 뿪
һ¥żУ죬ԼҶڷһЩĲزͰҶԵĲֺ
Ƕ֮ǰһֱ״̬ڣҶУԶˣ¾ЩʳûôŹɹ壬ɴӻԪ½ߣڼ䶼ûʲôԹ˵ЩƵζˡ
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ͷ漴ǾɣϸҿɾҪȥˣֵһ飡
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˶ٺֵϸ磬ղҲ˵ˣǿǿĹͷֵܣʲôҪҰæģǧȻûаҵֵܿ
İɣ
ԣ϶ʱ¶һĨжЦݡ
ܿ죬츶֮˱߳˾¥аҶһҪúĻ󣬱Ƕһ˳ķȥʵαʧҶУ
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ͰҶҲܿ쳯ɽȥ֮ǰȴŤͷһ뿪ķһĨؿ
֪ΪΣô˴ܴΣգΣ

ҶأҰͿһסԱߵԺ䣬ÿ񽣸ĴǻȥɵԺеļǽһ°Ҷ顭
ͰҶʦͽ飬֪һЩŮ֮⣬ĸ׶ľԼԵüΪԾ侪ȵϹʥȻܹ֮壬µ̬ػ
´лˣһλʥǰ
˵ڴӦ
ҹ˾ʱһСһѾ˯ˣĸͶҲǻصԼԺ䣬ڽִܺǾͲȥˡ
ʱ죬ŮԺС
ʰɾԺгһ֮⣬»ͬһױɴƵģܻ徻С
磬ǲܹٵʵʵ
Ůʵ͵һΪֹûͻʥ
аɷŵ飬㽫ʵȥǴڵԪ۷ʥҲΪṩٵ
еģ
ͷ漴Цϸ粻ڣҾǹȥˣҲ޷ֻܽؾѣ
ͻƵʥ򣡡˵
ʵѾ˺ܶǰ䣬ҲһЩĹһȴ޷ǰȣʵҲֻǰĺܶ๦ֻʥʥϲʹá
ֻҪܹͻƵʥôƾа취ܹԼǸΪٵҲܹյǿĹֶΣһҲض콫·һЩ
֪Ȼǰ䣬ԭҪõĸ죡


1243 Ԫ½£
磬飬ѶҪȥ
һˣǼᶨ˵
ȥ
˲һ£˵ۺۣһȥ
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һˣУԲУ
ԥҡͷڻԪ½ҲˣԪڵʵȫҡ
߰˰˵Ŀ˵ţԶԼĹģƺǸжȴȻϵ磬˵꣡
Ѿǹ˵ģ
ˣԵҲһʱ嶯ҲʲôԲʲôģ
ǣƶ㣬ǽһȥʲôΣյĻҲһְ˵
ΣУһ𣿡
΢΢һЦ˵ҵͻƷܺǶһǸţ»ᷴǵģ
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Ȼ֪Ϊʲôһֱû˵Ҳ϶ԼĹǣ
ѡ
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˵䣬һУѩȴֱӳԡ
䣬ѩƺȵĴյ˳Ƹǰƺ֮ŮҪԳǡ
ԴӳƺѩƼ֮ƺһֱˣԳԺ㣬üζŮԿЦķʽ˵ö֮Ҳֲˡ
ðɣ磬ҲӦˣƱСѩƣͷӦĵڶ
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ָĶÿ춼ҪϵһΣ
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졭ҲУϧûͬǵҲܸ㣡
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ŶĳЩܴŵĵطҲа취ϵģͨѩƲˣЦŵ
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ڶ죬ںͼλ˵һ󣬳Ʊڶľ߶뿪ˡ
ȻҲԽ͵ϣųƱѩƽнԶΣ»طء
磬˵㣡ôʹӦƶأѩƱţҪʲôΣգڶˣصغ㿪ʼߴߴ˵
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㣬û˵ɣЩš
㲻簡Ц
硭
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Цãǵܿ̾һ׵ѽ˵Ĳƶ򵥣ڿ϶кܶûиǣһˣ
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ѵ˼ȴøһͷˮȫף
ЦЦδ͡
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ҪȥаɷˣϾǱ߻кܶսҪɲʯ̫ۣȻĳ˦ƹˡ
ڼ䣬ҲмδţôҶİȫĲ١
ɾŮԼСһټϿҶ׼뿪صʱүүԨȴǺƿԺ롣
үӣôˣ
չȥЦòʲô˰ɣ
Ԫ½Ǳ߳ˣ
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ǱҪһˣԨٴҡͷ
Ĳţﲻϵ߶ŸֲܣɫԵޱȻҡ
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췴һЩүүھ͸ϻȥ
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ԨҲûж˵ʲôԽһͳأҲڼϵһʯ࣬úõشаɷŵ飬ר̴źͳ˵һ̤˻ȥԪ½·;
µģСһˮĴ۾Ļջû˵
ӴعԪ½Ǵ˴Ҵææĳ̲ķ˲ƶȥ˱̲ʱ򣬿ǰǲƲһУ˵ɫѿ˼㡭


1244 ̲֮䣡ּң
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ȥеȫȻڣߵгֳֻһƬƺѪԼɢҵĸֲȱʬ壬ȻǾһս
ңӸʬڷλÿԿóα̲Ӧܵ˺ȻϮҹ˯ʱ
ף㡭
鰴ռ䣬ȥڲϵĴš
ˮҪǮƵķ
ÿһ˶ôϤʱļ뻶Ц
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ǵĽ룬ּͨڰ;ּү־ó壬𶼿첽˳
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һԺĳԺ䷿У鿴˻ԣȴûɢ֮ʱһΪļγûһιȥ켰ʱסͬʱԪָ
ѽ㣬飬ȥ
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ӺһȻأҪκҲûʲô⣡

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Сһټǿɰݣ¶һĨЦݡ
ˣ飡ȳȥɣҪǵϢ
գǾͿתϵƣҲɻָڵĺ;ˣȴҪһʱָרһЩָԵҩʱ仹һЩ
ţ׵ģ
򴽵ͷһͬ뿪⴦Ժ䡣
ɵûΣ˵ǻصԪ½õõϢˣ
ֻǡϧô̲ˣ
Ϊܹ̲ЩǸΪۡ
⣬ƽ˺ƣڱ̲ӵޱߵĸԸĸԼ
ǵĵּ˶˷ܲѣүӸ԰һٷˣȫǼ˰ԵģϧΪ̲飬Ҷûжʳ
ڷһҿʼϾҪ˲ͬƣҲ׼ƵҩǱģڵʵҲκ⡭
ֻǣڵľɼôᶨݣȴҲ˵κȰοĻ
ֻϣ˴ܹһԳɹǧҪΪʧܶʲôɵΣǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ȥ֮ǱԺУүӺͼڣλҲ֪˷ʮ顭
Ǳ̲ǺϳǱߵĺüСͼ嶼һҹ֮䱻ţȴûɵ˵ˣһȫǼȮ
ĲݳǣôʵȴΣǾͺһĻֵԼ
Ҫǣû˼ֵ֣֪˭ǵĵط


1245 ٣ϣ
һҹǾڵԺУ˼Ϣʱע⵽ɵչˡ
ڶһ磬ϵѾȫתƳĻָԵҩ˶
үӺּҼҲ߿һɵ˵Ҳ鰲ο˼䣬ԳȰ緶
Ե緹ɣѾ׼ˣ
Ļм˶Ÿʽ㣬ĴҲûпϾǲԣⲻСһ
СһڿɶڳʱܲԶ
ĳһ㣬ԵùԹԵСһ¶˼ΪҸЦݡ
СһȻƽʱȷƤһЩؼʱ̻Ǻʡĵģ

үӳʹһʱߵһԣ˿Ҳ˹
үү£ʵ
һЩŵֻүҲɣֱ˵

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Ҫ֪˾ͺˣ
үûİ˰֣漴ɫȻĵȻ֪˭ǼȻ϶ʲôԭģҲ²⣬Ϲϸͼλʥ˵Ѫ֯йأˣôѪ±ضΪĳֶ
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Цŵͷ漴ɫֻϧұ̲ôˣһȫˣĶԲǰ
СƴȣҡڶѾʬˣ
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ԣǲɱǸұ̲ǧĲΪˣҲսȭͷ
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Ӧһ漴Щƣı˫ۣ״Ҳŵ뿪˷䣬ܹиõϢ
ȥһ±ϣʦ˾ͽ׻ʦ࣬˵ƶѾָˣֻĺ;ϵˣȴҪһʱ
⣬żã
Сһǽչˣ⼸죬СһﶼµĺܣûһƤҲõĻʲô鷢
񽣣ƺѾּʧˣȥ˺δҲֻ֪
ҲΪǵ飬鲢ûע⵽񽣵ĺȻ
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˭Ҳ֪ʱĹȥҲԽĳǵһ˵ʱɫ


1246 ٣£
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ߵߣѾָ糣ĸףЩƲ˵еŶ綼˵ʲô°
Ů
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ǣԼǣ֪Ϊʲôһ𣿡ɵͷʵ
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ֻһСԭѣ
ҡҡͷ漴˫˸ޱĺâҪһ㣬ҴЩϲ˶żҵϢȻżҸһЩҲΪʲôСּҵԭ򣡡
ʲôżң
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˵䣬ɶһԥһ£س˵ͷ

Ҳһ̾漴ο壬飬ǷģѾȥˣò˶þͿϢģʱһֱ𣡡
ģǼֱ̫ˣֻǣ̫鷳ˣϲѣ漴Ǹĵ
࣬࣡ҺҲһˣĶʲôģ
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ȻֻҪܹʲôԣɺԥĵͷӦ
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1247 񽣹Ѫ粣
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1248 ټƣپŮģ
ĻǼɵ˾ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȴҲܿĴЦݣһ޹ӣ˵ʲôأʲôѪ粵ģѵϵ𣿡
ˣ㵽׻ҪװҸ׵ʲôʱҸǲѾǺˣ
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ΪױΨһͷ
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1249 Ϲķ
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죬Լ񽣶ǾȵǵѪɫ۰Ӱ񽣵Ŀֱӣ˿Ρ
ǾȵʱѪ粵ıȴҲͬŹ֣ŨŨ뺧Ȼ
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֪ʥ޿ɲľܹȵ˵ģ
¾һͻƳɹʥޣʵԺʥȡңʥ֮䲢û̫Ե֣Уȴǲģ
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С꣬㶼һˣû湻ڼ𾪲ѵʱ򣬻ǵ֮湻˾Ϳ㶯֣ѵ㻹ñС𣿡


1250 ϹĹһˣ
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1253 ̣Ѫ£
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1254 ֣ټʹ
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˭˵Ѫµ˾һģ
֣͸ٹ
˫ԲƾǣǱٵڳڶֻ̫ĶǻΪʰǣ
˵䣬ɱεķӿʱʮһ㣬ղŹȫȻڣȻԾվԭδǵһ˫˫۾Ѿһ˿η壡
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۾һУâ˸ɲǣֱϮ
ͬʱտСһ⣬ޱĬĿҲǶȻϮ
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ǯһ㣬ѸײڶٶֱץסˣͬСжƵıڿǾ˦£˺κη֮ĺȻ໥ײһ𡭡
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ѪȵһĻʣµѪ֮˶ʱɫ԰ֱֽ嵽˼㣡
Ŀ񽣣
ںҲؽһ䣬æСһﵲ̵̫ĻСӿˣ»ǵĳɳΪ
ƫƫƺСһһ㶼ûвӦĸо·𶼻Ҫúܶӡ

ݺݵص˿һۣżЩʣµɱȥ
ٺ١
񽣺ٺһЦ˦˦մȾϵѪƳһͬݺݵ飬Ӻװʲôûһһٴչ˶ʮ˵ɱ
ûɱ
Ϳ˵Щͬϲ࣬¾վﲻ֣Щʲôطǵķ޷ƣ
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Ѫ֮ˣ
ˣǻȥɣ
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ţ
ףֳ񽣵ȥ񽣣Һ˵˶ٱˣ㡭Ҫ´ٸҲȲ㣡
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񽣺ίͷɱ˾ѲɻĵĹ
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ʱŤͷȴ𾪵ķ֣Щ˵ʬ徹ȻʧǸԵѪҺ·ܵĳǣ𽥵ڿγĳĹѪɫ·˵Ĺ֮У
Ծ
һʱ䷴ӦȻɫ˲ĵߣ
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ô£
켱æ뵤ʱɫѿ
ΧѪɫ·ȫ޷Ԫת֧֣ͬǱֱֶӷӡ˵һ
֮ʱ˾вдԪ֮⣬ѾһͨˣڵһԪԼǼ޷ϵֱͬжƵġ
үﱻӡˣʱҲǿƵ˵
Ҳһ
Ӧʱ齿ݴ䣬˲ץסֱۣ̽䵤ɫúء
мˣ
һǿƽڵļ΢˫۳Щ˿ǹɱģȻ֪ʲôֶΣȻЩ˾һն
Ѫµ˻ĺ˽⣡֪ҶǼһɱһϧʮӡҵĵ
ѹЩ˵ʵ֮ͣΪֻһ˶֣Ҳҵ۰
˵첻һֵ̾ȷ̫Էˡ
˭뵽Ѫµ˾Ըʮ˵Щ
žžž
ʱһд漴Ӱ˳Ŵ˷ҲǼٶʮӰգۼٴαΧ
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Ϊ֮˼С֣¶Ѫɫ˫ȴ˸ޱȱĺâ
˵Ǹ׳գڲǣ
վߵһȴ죬ɻǵñ٣գе裬챾ҪٱǧĻϣ
ѪʹѪᣡ
쿴ˣȻﱻӡˣȴԾû˿Ȼһˣɱ٣ȻֶΣҲ𣿡


1255 Σ֣֣
ѪʹѪᣡ
ˣûбӡȫʢ״̬ҲǵĶ֣
ѪỹãϾ°ܽ˭Ҳұ֤ʧʱûʲôϾѪµֶοɲģ
Ѫʹ֮ǰȻ㱻ɱȻ֣ȴҲαʵ϶ʵ̫ˡ
ң⣬ǰΧܵĶʮˣÿһʵʥһأ
ƾЩˣ¾Ԫ½ϵκ߼塣
Ϊ֮ĳңҪ¶ֻһҹ֮ˣһҹʱ䶼òˣ
ɾЩˣҪԸӦ׾٣ΪʲôҪʹѪȵĹֶΣ
죬㲻Ҫˣ︽Ѿȫųʵᷢκ쳣Ѫʹ˵
Ͳ̺Ȼ֣
һȴǹɵʼ磬Цò˵ʵҵ̸ǿɣαĸְ㱻ˣɣ
㡭
Ѫʹһ
յΣĲ
Ҳ˵㱻ǸŮɱˣֺ޷֮ıһһŮһ٣ֻ첢֪ˡɶѪʹ˵Ǽֱһǰδе裡
Щȫϣ
ȻڵѪʹƽһ˫ѪѾɢޱɱ޲ýƤʬΣ
ʹ
ѪʹŭѵʱѪȴȵϵķԸ𣿡
ҡ
ѪĻһˮͷϣѪʹһŭ˫иֳһĨ壬Ǻƽ
죬̣տһһѪʹ˵
ȻΪ̶
˫һУô˵̲֣ԼǺϳǵڶѪˣ
ǣ
Ѫʹĵͷ˵죬Ҫʱˣٲ̣ұ֤֮أ룬ҲϣôƯŮ˺Ůһɣ
˵û㲻Űɣʼ
˵أѪʹߵ
ҪǶ췢أ
췢ģ
⻰ѪʹѪʱɫһ䣬˲һۣɫøΪѿ˼֡

ʼ磬ĵھͿԶ췢ģУؽ֮أֻ֮࣬ó
㡭
˱Ūɫˮ
ֻôҲ뵽ȷûọ̃СѾͷֱӽȡ
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ô죿ѪᳯѪʹҷģǾ˵ģѵļ󣿡
˵
ѪʹɫѿػصԷԸģѵҲп϶ʲôû뵽飡
֮ڡѪ
ọ̀ǾͰץȥ
Ѫʹ˫ۣôֻȥŭǱضúѿ
Ȼȡ̣Ǿ͸ɴཫȥϷ䣡
ѪףͬѪʹ˵
죬һ˰ɣѪʹ죬ĵ
ߣȥĶ
ЦڵﱻӡûʲôĪǻץһȥȻҰƤɣ
ҪԣΪڵѡ𣿡Ѫ˵
ˣ٣
Ѫʹ֣˳ɫƵȥ
״ʱ˫΢С
һΣ֣
Щ˵ʵʵ̫ǿһЩ
Ѫʹ˵ΧѾˣͿ񽣵ĵֱӡǾҪҲûʲôᣡ
ȴһˣһŮˣ
ৡ
˼ɲǣһƿȻɫɫԲϮ˶ʱɫ˲䣬ԥ˱ܣǿϮ
黷
ֵģ飡
Ҫץ磬ңͿǰű黷Ůٷһ㣬ֵޱ
飬㡭
켱ˡ
鲻ʥضѣ˵Ըôˣղ߹һܹӮ
硭
Ȼû˵꣬ȴŤͷޱЦǰΪڷ絲꣬ҲֵˣˣһģѵҪĿ㱻ץɱҪˣѵһܶȥ𣿡
顭
жѣȻᣬȴޱȼᶨɫЦҡҡͷԼʵ̫һЩ
֮ǰЩѪ֮ʵܵͣýź붼Բɱǵġ
п϶Щʲôı
ȴѡԼĵһͷЩǹʱ䡣
ȻǽӵҲˣϸ룬Щ˵ʵӶأ
ϸ룬п϶ıġ
˵ЩѾˡ

齿һȴֱӡָű黷Ϯȥ
Ȼ˵ʵֻʥһأȴû˿ķɣһֱȫϮ
ৡ
黷ɫɫĻߣգۼǵ˽ǰ
˭Ҳû뵽龹Ȼ˵ֱ㶯֣ȻӦȴҲǲһߣ
ۡ
˱Ҫܣ黷ٶȴٴμӿ죬ɲǼ䣬ֻñ黷ͬʱ˲ɹŴõͷ­ѾǸԵ룬ѪȪӿ쭳˲䣬ʵʬȻչǰ
Ѹ٣
ֿ磡
һɲǣ˵Ŀⶼϣ
ȻѪߵ˶й飬һֱвδô֣Ҳû̫ӣܶʱ򶼽䵱˻ƿһŮˡ
˭Ҳû뵽һֱ˿ɶʥ򰡡
Ԫڣ¶ܽܣ
ð
֣Ϊ㣬ʱȴǽں棬һ顣
ֶΣñ۽磡
Ѫʹ飬ЦǱ̲ɣھȻеϲˣֻҪڴ˱˵СһΣ
Σ
ѪʹǵϷĻУһ䣬ˣǻ˭
˵䣬黷ƺҲܵ˵ķŭɱŵɫɫâԽԣͬ
Ҳǲף
ѪʹЦˣҽСȥϱҪ
ǣˣ
ΧӦŵһĹЦгޱȵĲЦ⣬ϸŭ쳣
ŭͬʱȴʼձƽ
Ϊ֪Խֹؼʱ̣ԽҪ侲ǽģ


1256 ɫӰ
Ǽסһ㣬Ҫ˶ˣҪǵ
ѪʹǷԸĿԽ޼ɵֱͬһƥƵģ
ǣ
ΧĶʮӦŵȴҲδȫһֻ֣ǴȺ߳ĵӰ
Уһʥأʥغһʥأ
飬ģ
ںŲѣսȭͷָﶼ޲
İɣ磡
΢΢һЦò׿ҺúõĶ֣Ȼ˻Ϊֻһƿأ
ͣɱЩˣСȭͷ˵
ͣͣ
Ҳˣ罫ţСһﶼҪ޲óȥˡ

鳯СһЦЦһɫ˲ԼˣеԪȫת

ɲǼ䣬˫һУչ˹
Ŀ꣬Ȼָʵ͵Ǹʥأ
৵һ£黷ϮȽĿֲʱȻٶʩչ˼£һĨӰƵģܵĿռ䶼һδεĽС
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ʥ֮ɫȻ˲䣬оֵԥıǳԱȥ
ܣΣ
״ķһĨâ黷̴ϮֲĹƶʱܵ·ȫգۼһ޿ɶľأ

һȣ黷ѾٽȻɫɫâƳޱȷϢ˼ֶȥ
Ȼһ˲䣬ȴ˲䣬Ϊо˴ٶĺâ

΢΢Цâ档
ȺǱ黷ȻһȣֱӳĹӭȥͬʱǿƿһȻһӣʱһâû뵽ʥ֮ڡ
ϡ
ĹȻƽʱƶȴǳûڿգתۼâƶ£ϢһļٳΧ˷ȥ
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ʥص㿪ˣʥصȴûôˣǵĹڱ黷ĵֵи֮ϯǾ㷢ЩâϣȴҲ޷ЧĶܡ
ԣУǸʥ֮⣬˶Ѿǲ֪ʲôâ
ƺκ״ͬûһ㣡
һõĽ˶һǲֻһֺŪֶζѣ
Ȼ׼鶯ֵʱȴǻһĨһģһаЦߣкȻһӤȭͷСɫ״壬˿˿ɫâԳֹ֮У

аЦһ
ʱɫԲбἷѹѿһ˿˿ɫƮɢȥԳֹ
Ȼ˾һĻˣЩɫȻٵĳǰƮȥ
׼ȷ˵ӦƮ˸ղűâеˣʥ֮
ô£
ô񶯲ˣ
ȫܿƣȫһ
˾ŲѣʱֻЩɫ֣Ŀ뼺һ˿һķٶ޷
һĻΧڶѪ֮ˣѪʹѪᶼɫ˲䣬벻ͨ⵽ô£
ôҵɫӰ𣿡
촽ϷЦ⡣
ɫӰ
ĻЩ죬ֵȷܺ

Ѫĳ˵Ǻһ㣬ѧö֮Ȼʵֻʥأöȴ˽⣡ڿ»ǳԴ
˵Щʲôã
Ѫʹ첻ΣȻọ̀ǾҪץȥң̫ʱ䣬룡
Ѫʹ뵽ǸŮˣǶصŮ
˭֣½ļƻҪʧˣ
ˣȫһϣֳһȥԸ飬ĽȫץߣѪʹһԸ
ǣˣ
ΧӦŵ̿ʼСΧȦΪ˷ֹĶû˸տʼӣԵüΪСģ
ã
һĻǾɫ䡣

룬һ䣬Ƿâ˵ʹ˵ע˹ȥ
Ŀ֮£˵Ӵڵ𽥱ɫӫ֣漴һ˻УǵѸܽ⣬֮ڱǻһ̯ŧˮ
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˻
ۼôֲһĻ˾ǵһ
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һʱ䣬ѪʹѪῴĿⶼޱȵľ֮ɫ
һϣ
Ѫʹڶµľ壬ȵͲˣô˻òһСǶк˲ǰߣɱ
ǣ
£Χ˰סڵľ壬ʱӿСΧȦĶ
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鵥ȥôˣҴ󲿷ֵʵҪߣΪһ˸νܣ
ǣѾˣ
ѪʹķԸʮѾչ˶ĹҲû취
磬һ˵ǳŮˣ
оΣı٣鷴Цˣ˵Ƶ£һûһŮ
顭
оѾ⣬ʱɫ䡣
ҪǸҶһë췢ģǲݣŭ
Ȼӡ˵˺ѷεĺȴǸӵģЩϮȥĹһ١
֣ɱ
Ѫʹ״Ѿˣ
磬Ұ㣡
ЦţȻ黷ɫâʢܵϯգۼǱ黷Ϊһ壬һֿ񱩵ˮ˫Ϣӿ
֪ˮݡ
ˮ˻𣬻ǻˮضһ
Ȼʱȴǽ黷˵뼺ܹ͸ӵĻȻ֣ᷢڵľѾɫɫâռݣƿһԾΪսϵ໥ײ
ԵײȴǱһǰδе
ֻıȴҪһ壬ȻѾΪ壬һΧЩ˲ٹҲҲ˵ľ棡

һĻӵı˻
ȻܹɲǣЦݸˡ
磬Ұ㣡
һĵЦݸΪã˫ȴ䵽˼㡣
ɣɣ
ڷŭţ˫ֱɫâ⣬˫Ȼ̧𣬽ȥȵ𣡾𣡡


1257 
𣡾
ÿһֵĳڣһѪ޵õһڿţɫԽ԰ףȴִŲЦݡ
У鲻죬ޱߵ繰⣡
£һĻĻǰظ
һʼ໥ӣǿǡ
һǶ顭
˹ͬ·ĻԺвϸ֡
ϧڵѾûлˣ
죬±黹ҪŮˣΪŮ
һͷĳ֣漴ȴ͵ķıը
ԭӵһ㣬ΧռѣĿռѷɫɫĿֲн֣ɭĺ缱ٺХΪģܷԲ֮ڵһжһ̾Ի촷ۡ

Χʮ˫ͫһ¶ǰδеĿ־壡
ŴŴš
䡭
ɫɫϽ֯ѸٵĽȫ֣
ɲǼ䣬ڵܿƵĽͬʱըѡ
ѪȱʬɢһѪѪȵμֱ﷢
Χɢ
αʵѪʹɫ䣬æѪᳯȥЩǵʮѪ֮ҲǽˣΪ˱סԼǲټ
Ϳ񽣣СһҲǱЩĳŪķɿˣͿΪﱻӡԵʣ޷סôֲ
һʱ䣬ǷԲ֮ڵһжȫݻ٣
ǿ󣬿ɼһߣ
ʱ䣬·һ̱ͣ١
ռѷӣĳĺХС
סΣ̳Ʊݻٳһݿռǰ˺ѷεĺţ顭
ٷˡ
衭
񽣺Ҳ̳಻ѣ
̳ټӣס˵ߡ
ɴҶ֪ôֲĹԿʥ֮߰˵ȫ֣ʥص˽¡
ȿȡ
̳ɢȥɲǣһ΢Ŀ˶С
飡
ԣʱ۾һԥĳǰȥ
Ǵ
󣬿񽣺СһҲǼæϣΧѪ֮ˣû˼ѪʹѪ˿ҲĿ΢ǰ
ʵ˵оŸղֹĿֲǶһֱ״̬
飡飡
嵽ǰųߵеϤ˶ӯĳ˹ȥ
飬㡭ôһѽ˶§뻳Уʧõ飬ֱ˼㡣
磬ҡҾȻû
ȼȻɫ԰ֽȴ֡
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ӵŽ˶ˮۿ䣬ٵͳŵҩιкȻһʦĪˮ¸ڤԪ
ˣˣ
˵ҩ飬˲תܶ࣬Ȼĵҵı黷ңϧȴ
˵䣬Ҳע⵽Ѿ޹ı黷
û˹ԶƺʧڵǱѰӲ磡
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İɣһ취ǻָ
š
ĵͷĲվ
ֶΰ
ʱѪʹЦȻ𣬡һ飡ʥصʵȻܹñһ˲ʧȥʮĸֱۣ̫ˣ
ȻڿޣѪʹеɱȴޱ
ɢǰı亮â
ʱ˿ѾĶɱ
Ҫ֮⣬˽춼ҪһҪ
ʮĸôʥصɱѪʹԽܣ

Ц֮ѪʹԼˡ
׵ľ˲ϢѪâʢ޾ľȻ죬񽣴˿ڼٱƽ
ã
ܿռֱƣɫ˲䡣
أ
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أ
׹أ޻֮
˽ͬʱѪǱָһЩɫԳֲ԰ףͿ񽣶ˣΪӡԵʣ޷ֳֵƻ¶ҪɢƵģֱߵ˼㡭
Դӿʼ컹ûΣ

Ѫʹû˿֮ͣ⣬ȴ˫кâһٴγϮȥ
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ǿѹҪһ̽ȫɱһ㣬ѪâƷĲĿֲ
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һɲǣȻȻ󣬵ȴĴ͸ֱġ
ã㣩ѣϹâʢٷɵǰ֡

ҲĿһû˵ʲôѪʹĹѾˡ
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Ȼȴû˸κλش
̼䣬ϹâٴδʢΧӿУӼٱת˲ǳһӰʹâƣһƵģޱߵС
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ƮƮ֣˲䣬ɵӰڿ趯
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ȻζΧʮѪ֮ˣѪᶼûκλӦճյǰеġ衷ʧȥʶһ㡣
裡
ƮƮְ㴫㱼䲻֪׹ȥã·һ˲ַ·ǧ֮ãֻһѪ֮ѪĵڵϣµǴʧȥϵĨЦȴ
ţڶ
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ǰһĻѪʹɫ˲䣬ȥˣѪߣּγһѪɫķֽ֣ͬʱעԪѪѡ
ϧڳ֮⣬ʣµѪ֮ȫЦݵѪܵһиԳĲĹֲ


1258 Σ
ʱ䣬·һֹͣ
ƬռУֻʣûɴ֮ʱӰ
ƺǿ˰
˫з貵ĹâֻҲ֪ûΣա
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Цѵҡҡͷڵ־أҲˣ
ʹҸղôˣ
棬ѪѹԺ˦˦ͷʵ
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Ѫʹһһ߾ĸµʬ壬ŭ֣
ŭͬʱ˿˫ȴǷһĨǰδеľ֮⣡
ڸղɱƵı˵ľȴ
һ赸ɱΣֶδţ
ң赸ûм̫ãɱʮѪ֮˺ֳһ»ָƽСķɻص컳С
ְ֣еˣ
۾뿪ϣԵΪƣ롣
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˾͹Թ˯һ
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СѾͷԴŤŤС壬컳ѡһΪʵƣǺܿı۾̼˯˹ȥ
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ʱҲ˹˯ȥǶܵġ
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ЦЦصȴС֣۷Źĵְ֣ղƯŶɲԵҳˣţ

⻰ʱͷߣСһ㣬֪ʲô
Ҳδ̫һЩɣ
Цɲң˯֮Լȥɣ
ޣã
СƵĵ˵ԴһҪȢ㵱ţ
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ǶǿЦãҲû˵ʲôǰ治ѪʹѪ
׿Ѫ᲻ᣬѪʹαʵǽֵƶȫ¶֮ѪʹҪԸǸӵˣ
ǶʮѪ֮˵½ҪҲܹѪʹǸӵûжٻˣ
ͷת˼Ÿֿܣ
ȴûһܹ⡭
Ըó̽Լ˵Ϊһ衷۵ĳ˯ȥͲ֪ȥ̣ܹȴȫ϶Ѫʹọ̃ҲԲŹǡ
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ͿûбӡѪʹǸͲ֣˵һѪڱˡ
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ʱѪʹѪ˶һۣȴǳǻܵһ߾ʬ壬Ѫʹ˫ͷ޾ɱ⣬ϵĽȣ޲ȥʬˡ
Ѫᣬ֮⣬ȴҪ𣬱֮ǰ־޴֮
ΣѾ֮˵ˣŮֳףɱȻ
㱻ܻȥҲӲ֮һ;
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˯Уǰ棬±ӡ˵ֲŭɫ
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Ѫʹ΢˫ۣɱ˱ʮĸǽҪ죬Ȱ־ܣֱԳˣ죬ûܹǣ
ץң
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ǣָȻͿ񽣣ԼСһˡ
磡
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ô
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ڳ˶˫ͫһͿ񽣸Ҫ˵ʲôȴǱٴֹסˡ
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ѪʹЦڵʵҲʮ֮˾ţѵ÷ôõǰ;ô˶
ţһԣҵ׸Ҳң
ʼ磬ɵȴ̺Ųɡ
㡭
Ѫʹ죬ҪǲŻԼ
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˺һ춼ûκӡ
ѪʹһãӦ㣡֮ǰҪԷĵ
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죬𲻴ӦûĻһ㣬Ѫʹɿ죬ʵ
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ĬһĿ飬ԼСһߣһ׵ֻҪ췢ģֻҪԷҵĵ󣬱㽫ǷߣҲ׷Ҳŵԣ
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Ѫʹͷԥָ٣˵ԡ
ڣֵ˰ɣ죡ԷѪʹĵ
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Ϳҡͷ˯ȥ⣬һҲ档
·Ƕ֪ˣչ㽫Լĸɵټ֮գ
죬ˣ
ûȥǣѪʹֱߵǰѪɫâӣ츹λ˹ȥ
ɣ
һȴûб˫ۣĿ飬ȫǰ⡣

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վס
Ѫǵ£ޱòҪҶ


1259 ͷӸϵ
ʱ䣬·һ̱ޱȻ
Ѫ£޷ȥ飬ĿѪʹ֣ŲϽӽ츹ľٶ˻ؽеѪʹǲ죡
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û˵ȴ˫ȭգղŽƴҲҪ֤Сһİȫ
ǱҲֻôСһﰲȫ
үģһ㱨ģ
˫Ŀ˸űʹĺɫҧ촽ҧ˳Ѫû˿о
ʵ
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ʵڻֵѪʹ
񽣵УһζʵޱȵĿ
ѾܽյΣȻȥ֮һҪȻȥѪ£ѪʹҪƤʬΣ
ˡĽˡ
ѪʹԽӽ츹˵ӱŴ󺰲Ҫǿ޵˺ѷΣȻѪʹֶûͣһ£¶Ѫɫ˫и¶ޱ˷ܵѪâ
飬ȥѽǣҶԲǣ
ҪúõĻţҾˣҲŻĿ
ĿڣبžԶһ㣬ˮѾ˫ۡ
ˣĽˣ
ۿѪʹּӽڱ˫ۣƽû˿⡣
ܹΣΪһҲܹˣ
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ܿռ䶸ȻһȻըѵ·ռһ㣬޴Ѫʹɫһ䣬츹ֶ֮һ١
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Ѫʹ˫һݣ漴˫۵죬Σȷ˵ģܲôˣ
뷨ȶѪʹѪٴδʢ̳ĵﲿλȻȥ
һʵˣ쵤ᱻ̷ȥ²ɷô򵥣пܻΣ
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һȻһâ˲һֱӳѪʹм䣬ǿĳѪʹòܣǱѾӴ츹ȻҲ˻ȥ
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ү
ͿҲǸϽܵϹԶߣϧûϹԶشȴּæյߣһ¼ţϹԶôӵۡ
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ϹԶ͵İ֣漴ǰվһɫȻѪʹѪһҲĲҪȻҪ˺ӵͽܣ浱İ
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Ѫʹ˫΢У㾹ȻܹͻԷĿռ䣡㣬㵽ʲôˣ
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ϹԶһڿˮڵϣߵѪµЩô۸۸ͷˣ

ϹԶԼѪµˣѪʹѪᵱɫһ䣬ͷųѪâƿ𣬳ϹԶλüϮȥ
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ϹԶ״ȴǺü۵һߣҲûʲôֲǴϯЩѪâڻûǰױɢһöû𵽡
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ͷӴôãȻ֪ʵǿ춼һֱŪͷӵʲô磬˵ͷǿߣҲδ̫˼һЩ˰ɣ
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㲻Ҫ̫ˣϼһ
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Ѫᣬȴ˫Ŀâһŭϲģɣ
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ϹԶмͶ䣬ûʲôǴԱдܳһӰѪײһ𣬶ѪԽ֮ղŸٶѪɶǰʱչֳһ޵Ѫ硭
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ৡ
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һĻǶѪʹɫҰ׵ѪᣬǶסˡ
֪ͷ߻ôǿĸִڣ
ͷӣǡ첻ʵ
ৡ
˲䣬˵Ŀ㳯ȥô˿ֻͨǿһЩ죬ʱһβĳȥ

ϹԶ״үǸ
ǣ
ջĿ⣬ĳүԲ𣡡
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֪ΪĻϹԶǲŻôϾҲûˣȻ⡣
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ιͷӣ㹻簡
ƲƲ죬չȥЦôǲЩö˵˰
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ô
ааһЦָָˣȴ۾һתԺһͷоȵĵͷӣΪ쫷ҽİɣ


1260 쫷ҽѪ֮
쫷ҽ
ûô˵ģ
ҪȻоͷĸϵϢĪɽĪүү¸оΡ
ĪүүΪ쫷󽫣ͷϹԶȻ첻ݣܹôʵǿĸ£λ϶Ҳͣ쿴ҲܹĪɽĪүүᲢۣ
ԣŻô󵨵Ĳһ£

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ʻϹԶɫ΢ҡͷҲʶôһˣСӣƺ̺˲ã
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˭ӵʦ
ԼͽܱŪֲ״ˣΪʦȻǶֻ
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һѪֶζѣѲסӣ
ϹԶƲƲ죬˫ֱַסͿ񽣵ĺ󱳣漴ϰɫâʢһּΪůϢ˲佫ȫ֣˺ԡůȪУ鲻Խķһ
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˵붯֣˽˻ܵ뷨
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򵥵һ仰㽫ʵǿŵöҲҶ
һĻ鿴ľȲѣϹԶʵҲһ߲εĲ²⣡
Ϳ˴˿̶ͷ亹ȫһ˿˿ѪɫڲһƵģԵúɲϹԶɱЩѪɫ֣˵ȫһɱսĳأʹѣ
˵־ʮּᶨʹĴгˡ
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ȻͷڰͿ⿪ӡʱǲԶղűһסѪʹѪȴǿٵĽѪʹЩԥѪȴԽᶨһƴһĳ嶯
ŵɲǼ䣬Ѫʹɫһ䣬Ѫȴ͵һѪζȻԭʧֻһȦȦɢѪ
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ֻһǾѪ֮ʱֵ󡭡
⣬ҲѪ֮֮ҪһЩ
ѪݣʱľѪ¶ѾΪһˡ
Ѫݣ
ҲѪոʧ˲䣬ϹԶһרİͿ񽣵վԭزδκζֻϸֳһĨΪмЦݣ
Ҳûκζ·ʹѪҪѪȫӶƵġ

أ
ĳһ˲ֻһҺѪҲ෽ٵɶأ׹ڵأһڽһڵѪ䣬ϵ˿ڣѪȾͬѪƵģŴﲻðĲҽֱߵ˼㡣
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ϹԶЦӶǸѪʹСһŪÿռ΢һı䣡ûҵκ˶ȥ򣬾ͻ׳СһֱΪһ̯ҽ

ϹԶ˵Ĳ
ʱѪῴȥѪҪȵϷգҪȫճɻҽһ㣬ԪֵûκãԪƵģԽԽܣԽԽ
ϹԶĻѪʹɫ˲䣬ͬʱȴҲ΢ңûѪô嶯ضҲ־棡
ϹԶʵѪʹɣ
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ԴˣѪ֮һѪ᳹ʲôǿҲ޷ȻˣΪѪ궼ڸղŵг𣬸ûκλĿܣ


1261 øʥ۷壡
Ѫ֮ѪʹڸΪͿ־壡
ǲҲֿΪĳ֯ˣʱѪʹҲͬףʲô춯ôѪ³ضǰ֮
ԣڵѪʹվϾαʵƽһЩܵʵʼձ۷״̬һͿ񽣵ķӡ⿪ҪԸĻҲ㹻ʵȥеֵ
ȻڵѪʹԼģ
ѪеݣȷѪʹ
ǣУһϵݡ
һǸݾʹ˱¶½ڣؽκ֮أһ˶˶Ϊȫ
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ڵȴᣬȴһʵĻᣡ
ѪʹţαʵֻҪȫͷϹԶȫܹӳ˵صĻҲҪԶԶѪᣡ
ԣѪʹ˿ѾȫڵȴһΪʵʱ
ʱ䲻ϵţգ۱ǰʱȥ
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үү
ϹԶɲǣǾϲҪ˹ȥȴ鼰ʱ
˵УԹԵ黳У֮ǰһ衷Ȼȫָ˿κƣ֮С
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ڣϹԶعһЦȻˣеһ̳Ϳ˼ӿȥֻɲǼ䣬Ƕ˾ͬγ޴ϼƵģµƿʼӿ
ʦͿôˣʱСһյϹԶǰĵʵ
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ϹԶһЦͷİɣҲøˣξҲܣ
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һЩ⣬еȴС֣ЦñŶүү˼˵ְֺͽʵŶ

ϹԶЦԹͽϱ͵ŰɣСӲˣ
ҾͷˣллʦɵӦ
Ǻǡ˵ԹͽϱԵģСӹԵĶȥˣߣСӣ쵽ľ֪ңҴдȻ綼ҪǸ
ϹԶӵ۰˵ţһЦҲδԡ
֪ϹԶ֮ദʽǺܶ˶׵ģ˵ϹԶ첻ģֹؼʱ̳֣
ֻǣǵĹĲûбϰˣòȻαȴҪõöˡ
ǸѪʹ֮⣬ǵĶ׷
ʱ䲻ţ֣Ҳʱȥ
ڣϵϼȫʧǴ۷Ҳµͻƣ˷ܲѣҪгʱϹԶʱСӣӱ죬

ɫһͣԹԵĴյϹԶǰлү
ˣˣһȥվţŵǸСӵͻƣϹԶ͵İ֣
ǣ
ϹԶͷӦŵ漴վһԣ˿Ҳյߣ֮⣬Ƿֱס˿񽣵ȣԵޱǣ
鿴һĻҲǲһݸһûн񽣵˿У񽣾ǵˣ
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񽣺ͬصүİ£ЩӡѪɫת˰ԪһӾ൱ǿ׶Σٺ١
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תۣһȥ
ΧϼɢıҲչ˳
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СӣȻûʧ
һĻϹԶ¶һĨЦݡ
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ܹᣬȴҲܹͬܵչֳʵʥ֮ǿ
ʮʥأǺε𾪵飿

һʱȥľ糹ȶҸһϧȴδͻƣȴҲ˷ˡ
ʥ۷壡
ڵʵ磡
һУһˣ˵ʥˣ¾ͻʥҲ࣡
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ԣʱһƲϼһΪһָܡˣ
УһϼϹԶʱͷߣǼͷϣੲݵţ޷ܣգۼԴϱ˼
Сӣ㻹Һ죿
ǡ硯ӣǷŭУϹԶĵ˵ָЦСӵ³´ٸҲŪͷߣ
㡭ݣ
ݺݵĳϹԶһۣٲȥΪϲϼһĿ񽣵ļ󣬱ǺӵһٺǷֱСһһڣûֵЦְͬ￪
ϹԶڱϿǴӵ۵ӣȴȫûзϡ
˵С㹻˰
ϹԶ۳СǲƤˣ
ϼһ㷳ûĵ
Сӣ㲻ڻһû𣿡
ϹԶѪʹǱƲƲ죬ʱ˫𣬴ӸղŵѪʹֱȥƵģѪʹһھǶһ޶˵Ŀ־壡
⣬α֮󣬶ڱԼʵôˣһֿ־壡
䣬ߣϹԶĴڣѪʹڷ
Ҫʲô
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ЦѪӰϻζڳЦϹԶĲһ㣬ϹԶҧгݡ


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1264 ǿѪ
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1265 ƣ
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ѪӰѪתѪҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬻ȴԵ㣬ղ˵ʲôҪҵƾҲ䣿
֣еֳ֮⾡ţһ˫鶯۾УǷޱȵķŭâ
ƣŷѪΨһڵĽ¹
ݣε
ˣȻҪ
ǶԻƾ޴裡
ټǸղŵ飬ۻûޱɱ

ŭ֮£˵Щ󣬻͵˫ȶһɫâ˲ƶֻգۼǽΧռȫһ㣬޾ķϢǷѪӰֱϮȥ
ǿϢڳ˶ʱɫһݡ
ʵϹԶĪɽˣ˿ǻչֵϢסˡھڴ˿һ޷֮УҿƵĿ겻ǣȻƱؽ֮ǷѪӰӦ
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Ѫ϶ȻѪ˸ǿٵγһСѪٵĳЩɫâֶȥ
һѪӦһâǧƵĽâ̰޷κδȻһɲǣǻ͵һȣһϹ⼱ٴϮʱֱӳЩѪֱϮѪӰڡ

ȳá䡯һ죬ǷѪӰϱըѪâܵĽɫâѪҲ̽ƮɢҪǣǷѪӰϵѪɫâ˲˲٣һ֪Ȼܵ˼Ĵˡ
󣬱Ҫɱ㣡
ѪӰѪת·ѪҺڲһ㣬ε״ҲŤԳɲ
Ϊ˶ŭУǷѪӰ϶ȻһѪɫͬʵʰצĳλϮȥ
Ѫȣ·ȫѪҺɵһɢޱȿֲϢѪڣƺҪֱһƵģǶΪƲһ亹
ֶΣ
ȴԵüΪм˿κνš
Ѫɫ˲䣬͵˫ȶƮɣڿն𣬶·Ѫɫ׷ᣬܵĿռ䶼ȾѪһ㣬Ŀ֮гֳһƬĲĿֲ
ƳƳѪɫ˫۾һĨâ˫ȶǽɫƲʺΪһƵģգۼһϽɫ໥ƵĽâѪɫſѪֱӭϵɲǣϽâǼϮ
ݵһϽâֱӲѪɫʱѪϵһŭ𣬡


1266 ֻȥƵĿģ

һŭ̺ŷŭʹ࣬ǿҵ𾪣
ڲ˵ˣ
һȻ˫һâȵұ
䣡
һԭӵըһ㣬Ƭռ
ѪɫӴ˲ɢѪɫӣֲֿƬؽҪƵģվǧ׿ˣܹеĸܵӭĿֲ
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˫΢У̲סľ̾
ˣǶԷѪʹҲ˲٣СһȴǱϹķУûܵκӰ죬ڲϵΪƼ͡
ĺǿ
࣬ϹԶĪɽҲǾ̾ѡ
Ǹ߿֮ϣϽɫâĻƣĪɽʵܹģҲ൱߰ذɣ
Ƶʵ൱߰أ
ĪɽĻ쵱ǵһ
֮ǰΪԼøͻƵʥ۷ϲôڵȫסˣ
ʲôԺȫûͷ
ֻ֪
һ֣ǿ
֣ǿ
֣ǳǿ
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˵ʵڵģϹԶʵ֮ĪɽҪһЩȻͬ쫷֮ˣһΪһΪҽԹΪ󽫵ĵλĵȷȷҪҽһЩʵҲȻһˣ
ĪɽԣϹԶȴ޷Ӱĸо
СӣԹͽϱǺλϤ뵽Ƴ֮ʱΣϹԶŤͷʵ
԰ɣͷ漴йصһЩһ飬ϹԶĪɽ鶼ò̾ǵľ֮
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ϹԶڻԪ½ϴʮ꣬Ȼ֪ʥ޵Ĵڣ
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Ժ󲻹ΣһҪλùϵ
ϹԶȻһѶһ·
ţףҲΪļûзͷӵĻ
ˣƺλǺϲ᲻ҲĿģϹԶü
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ɵҡҡͷԵСҲûʲôͽǺܵĶǺܺöѣֻǡ
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λʮֲ⡣
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ЦҡҡͷʱɲǣжȻٴδһĺܿռٴβ˵Ŀٴ˹ȥ
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ƴ˿ѾһϽɫâ֣һϽâֱϮѪϵѪɫһ𣬶ЩҲɴ˶
ԺĿڵĶսΣȫǻѹѪϵķѪӰڴЩѪɫâ
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ڲǱ彵٣ѪӰһĻôıҲܵһĴˣشҲ˵
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һŭŭǷѪӰȻһѪâѸٵĲס·ѪʹǼһռѷֱ˺ǵξֱûУʧ
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֮ǰ˿ŵѪϣȻôֻȥˣ
ȻھȵͬʱҲԻƵʵΪ
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ѪϺѪʹֻȥĵطһĭƺǲмĻʱСһչȥһĿţû˫˲ᣬСһĿǳų硭
죡
СһһƳҸطмҪ˵
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Ȼ˵Ҳûκηԡ
ǾͲȥˣ
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Զԣкܶ໰Ҫ˵
ĪɽҲͷλԼϹԶĸºܿĻԶݶȥȥ˺δֻ˵Щʲôûȥ⣡
ǣƺȻĳ֣ԲܽΪ˸оΣն
ȻǰʱҲüΣգĶûƳأ

УƺϹ꣬ԼСѪûκ˵ע£ǸҺԺ
Сһ￪ĵںԺˣͬǵϹ꣬ѾϤ˲ٵ˫ѪСѪ
СѪȻ¶ѪâЩСһĿɰ鶯£СѪƺҲ࣬ڿСһĿѾһ˿˿ϲᡭ
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֪ȥģƢԣҲӦв׵ĵλɣû̻ش𣬶Ƿʵ
ԣ
ףüëһֵѵС˵飬йأ

¹ףԵʵ˵£һйأҪȥһطȻǸطȡһң

⻰첻ɫһСΪβԼȥʵôǿҲӦǺ޼ɣ˸ǰɣ
Ҫȥר̹㣿
ĻûŮ˰㶪һۣûĵҲΪʲôȥ˵ӦӦɣ
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Цһ£ͷ˵ҲǷ˻Сܶ飡Ҵ߻ȥȥң
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һʯͷȥΪͨƺѰʱʯͷûʲôҲκ֮
ȥ򣬱ȥǱߣҪĶ㷽Բǧ֮ڣʯͷᷢȣԪֱӴȥǶڵأģûʲô̫ΣգҲԽջ񣡡˵
ðɣ֪ˣ
콫ʯͷպãʵôСڶʲô
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⻰ɫһ䣬˵Ҫ

¹ף㲻ܷԣ㷴ԣҲôûҵʸ񣡡


1267 Ƶı֤֣
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ƴ˻ޱȣ֪ƶСһûκζ⣬춼Ҫ俴Ļˣ
ˣðɣĻ¹
ĬƬ̣ʵɲԸңҪȥĶҪʲô
ȥһ㲻֪ĵطҲȥˣҸ˵ڣ֪Ǹطƻص
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ӣҾ㲻ͬ⣬ҲǿнǴˣЦΡ

ƺԥ¹ףҪ˵ʲô֮ʱŵŵŵ˹һѱסĴȣƴ˵¹㣬ɲԲͰְַֿѽ
еģСѾͷ
Ʋ˲ཱུСǸطְֲȥģȥŶ
ǣúͰְַֿأ
СѾͷС죬۾գѽգģǿ
ҲҪͰְַֿ
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СһˣڻԼΪ˵Ҳ쿴һ㣬֮Ĺϵ֮ԼǻҪ׽һЩ
֮ǰö뿪ûСһţ˵Ҫ뿪Сһܹã
СһľٶܸжɵӵӵǣȴĿᶨĵУǽһҪߣ
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ʲôҪȰ
⻰ʱüͷ
벻ͨǵǸʲôĵطô˵ôƵġ

ٴεͷ죬˵㲻صĵģҵǲ̫ΣգңȥǸطǵĳɳǶ˵ҲмĺôţҲϣһֱ֮°ɣ

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ҲϹúõչСһϹĻشȻȥ˵ǸطŪǶ

صݶǵּңֻ˹үԵʮֲ죬Ҳû˵Сһȥֻǽ֮ǰѪʹԼɵ˵齲˳үһͬʱҲԵüΪŭ
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ǵļʱּҲܵɣҲѪٵ˵ĴݲѪ
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ε̾һҹÿа뿪ּңԸ캣˶ȫһҪʱѰҵϵټ
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ҹϹٷƱԵּңûо˵¼һ档
ֵ֮طȻһϹٷҲؿڱ֤һڶʱҵϣǸмѡ
ڶһ磬ڳ緹ʱּҹܼҴ˽û˵ʲôսԺ˱ͨһͬʱǰ
ˮ˫Ŀ޵ĶЩˡ
ǣ֣һԲŽ鲻õСޡ

켱æ¿ӣ˷ЦǶ֪ˣһȹȥһѧԺأ
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ôҲôǿڣǴ˻ǳǶҪΪڹˣ
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Ļ˶һۣǺܺɵҡҡͷ֣λص˯֮Ȼִһֽ潲һǼ屻飡ҲǲŵģΪԷһԺٻһ£û뵽Ȼġ
˵ǲһЩ
˵пܲѧԺˣ
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Ҳ֪ҡҡͷͬɻ
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Ҳôģ֣˵ͷ漴һֹӡ


1268 ɱϣ
ǰСֹģ쵱Ц˵ʲô˵ɣǶһˣѵһܲԼĵܵ𣿡
磬ҲӦ֪һЩʵǼУǲûйܶ˶ôʶǣ
֣οЦһ£˵ҵǲǵʣû´ĻѾвٵڵ֪ҵѾģҪȥˣ
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Цʼ磬ǵ⼸ǱߣҺһˣǷģҪˣ
лл磬ллɩӣ
ı֤֣κ¶һĨЦݣԼĲ״ǵЦҲһţȻеıʹɲôܹ˵ģ
үӺּҼǺ֣һͬ뿪ּңȥǱߡ
֮ǰүɳּҵѪɺӵ֣Һңʱ帮ۡУ˿һԼɲдѪϢ֮⣬Ҳûʲô
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е˵ȥе˵ǻؼңеĸɴʲôû˵Ͳ˵ݣ˵ʲôҪ¹˵ˡ
һ磬˲ûκջ񣬷˲ٵİۣЩ̵ĻҲһֱϥеĸо߲뱯
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ٴһ¼磬˫һĨâаЦ˸֣˵ѣڱӣ˳ǱϾ֣ҺΨһѪЩʱ򲻱ȥûҪĵˣ
ˣϵаЦøһЩɱҲǸȻЩ˼Ȼʶ̧٣ǾͲøӣʶ̧ٵǾʹǾɱһУУʮ

֣û뵽ô˵ϾЩҲΪǼ׬ȡ˲ٵǮƣǰʱҲġ
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һ·ȭݺݵĵҾ;ãЩһٶģ
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ΪʲôУɱɱǾҪǵԾ̶ˣ
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ЦЦ߰ɣȥ
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ҪǸƵʲôʱϳˣ
磬һֱﲻ֮󽫲ˣ

˱ĻָһʱǱĻƼԼЩ˳ǷؽеϣֱŪ
ৡ
ȻλͣĻʮ˱ȺӵϣһĿ¶׹⡣

˫һЩʵߵĲѣлм춼ǣֺ
ڲ䣬κƻûʮӰһžǳʮ˱ǽһʹŵڵϣֻǸȶĻƣɴ˫ۣŵĿǰһĻ
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ЦЦĿˣЩ˻һǵأ
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ɫ԰ףѣǳɱУֻܼѵĵͷ
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״һ㽫ڵϣĵһӣһ֮ƻûǰͱҲ
㣬ҵţ
һĨ־壬æŤͷ㳯Ժȥ
ҲĴ˻᲻ʹ룬ΪѾþ˵һˣһֻɳȥҲܣ


1269 ɱУ
Աߣصţɣ֣κȴԳֽš
ȻʵҲﵽ˵ԪҲ˼Σ־ǵһΡ
ʱһ¥ټڣǵʮ˵ĲҺ⣬
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ûƿڣĶӱű׵ҽҪǲɱ㣬Ĳˣ
ûжԣֻǳЩʹһɫ
Ȼû˵ǰҪ뿪
Ըӣ׸ӣһôġ
飬չ˺СκС
ΧʮˣǹճһߣаЦ
İɣ磡
ЦŻӦȻ黷ʧʵҪ֤˵İȫǸġ
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ŭʮ˶һۣһϮ
ЩʵǿԪڣĸԪǰڣĴԪȣһ֪Ȼƾģ֣˵Ļ»ĻΣա
Ⱥˣ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
Щ˿¶ɱ²֪ж
һĨâ磬ֱɱǣ
ãҼģ
ȺϵɱԿһȻκηԡ
ৡ
û˲ƣֻȺУһ㣬ǵ߶ץ֮ס˵ʲôһӵϽֱɱˡ

ȻһҺʮʵǿһԪ֮˱㵹˵ϣһ޴Ѫ֣Ѫţغ˼£˱ϵк
ڶ
䴫Щ˲ɵһ˵һĨǰδеľ⣡
ৡ

ȻµɲǣڶԪڣҲһ׷ĲѪǲ쭳Χ˵ϣЩп־֮ɫ

Ƕ𣬡
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ÿһĳ֣һ˺ĵЩȴû˵Դ쿪ʼɱ¾ǵĿⶼû׷
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¥ݿڴƺĶ˫ۣ֡
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ͷûУɱ˵ֶһǻģ
ƮƮʣԥ壬ȻĿУɱ¾ɼţƺȺȫ㲻ͣһ㡣
һĻƺľ
Ҳˣˣ
ħħ
ɱ¾У״ĳſȥﲻϵؽħ֮Ļ
ܵǲķˣûߣߵ
ݡ
ּ䣬âϮЩܳŵ̵أûһܹܳʮԶ
ʣµˣɱ¾Ҳ̱ķӵʱڣʮ˶Ѿʬ壬ûһ˽ң
һڣֻʣĸԼվ¥ݿڵƺˡ
ƻãȻŭȻ壬ǿţȴǼΪԱߵ¥ݷţҪŵֱ̱ڵˡ
ĵǣ֮ʪһƬ򶼱ųˡ
ôƹģ
ɱһˣ֣ȥĵڻʲôֶΣ
㣬㵽ʲôˣƼѵ˿ڿˮҧĵ
仰ǷӸղҲʹһͬĻشûʸ֪
ʼ磬аЦɣ㵽ԸԸ⽻µ⣿
ҡɱҰɣ
ԥһ£漴֪ǶͦͦӺǿӲĵ־ɱңұ֤һⶼòȥɱҰ
ΪʲôϵôҪ
ʼ磬ļʵһϲˣȻвģǾֻһ·
˵ţĿΧЩʬӹЦ룬ƹӦ׵İɣĪΪĲɱ㣿
ȻЩЦȴɱȻɲǼΧ¶ȶ½˲٣Ʋһ
ɣȴǿӲĵͶ֣ұ֤ɱ֮ĸҲ죡
Ŷ
⻰ȴüëһ˵ƹĺ滹ˣ˵
ҪɱɱĶôϻ
ƹŲӻص˸ȴǱĲˡ
ʱ·ܶ
һЦƹȷгΪٲҶˣ


1270 ɱ£
ɱȻȻЦЦȴޱɭȻɱ⣡
˫ϣƿԿһƵģǹǿӲϿٵһĨš
ôܲ
ৡ
ʱȻˣֵɲǼһâϮ

ʱƵһʹ۱նϣѪȪӿɫ˲԰ףֵʹţɴ˫죬۾Ǿ塭
ôҲû뵽쾹ȻֱӶ֡
ٶ֮죬ΪԪڵˣû˿ķӦ
ס
ϣһĻҲǾǿ־ȫκζڿħƵģ
ôƹ񣿡
Цʼ磬ĵֻǸѣùԹԵȻ´ο¾ͲǶȥôˣ
㣬㡭
ʹƺŴʹ亹ֱð¶鲻Խֱֱ
֮ǰɱ¾ƾ֪ǰӲСˣԲĴ֮ȴôҲû뵽ǲΪûɶ
ΪʲôȻԼ֣ѵͲЩò
ͷ亹˫о岻ѡ
ôƹ񻹲Ӧ
аЦˣҾƹһݴɣ
µ˲䣬ǺȻˡ
ҵȣҵȣ
ԵĲƣĶ
һ˲䣬ȱ㱻ֱϥϣʹ棬ڵطǶȴԿɭȻİ׹ǣμֱҵ˼㡣

״ƺ۵ʹ࣬첽ܵߣǽʣַŭӵСӣҲδ̫ˣ
ôã
Ƶŭʼ磬ЦиֵģҪƹļԣ
㡭ɱǣҲԱõҪģŭѣ˫ĿҪһ㡣
ô㡭
׼˵ʲôʱ򣬺Ȼ񽣾Ǵ˽үˣ
ҲûΧʮʬһۣƺϰΪ
ţ
ͷʱ֣κҲɫһϲæ񽣴磡
ǰڼѧԺʱȻΪƸʦʱǶȴǿ񽣣ǺͿ֮Ҳֵͬͬһ꣡
ˣ񽣣
֣ĵ˶ɣ
ϣ
Ӧһ֣κͷųֵ
£߰˰ˣܹʮ˽֣κĿɿڴ
ΪЩˣȫҵҲǰ֣ºڵʱĸˡ
ǣ֣κȻİʱҲȥݷãȴûмκһˣԲŻ˽һĻ
Щ˽ǰⷬѪΣһɫףڿ񽣵۾УǸܵҪܣȴΪ񽣵סſڣǸ·ˡ
СΣСǿǲЩˣûвģʵ

СĻϸһŰŵĿ˹ȥһ˾ǳҡͷ磬ڲݳڵĶȫˣǣ
ţ
ͷǹճһߣаЦĳǶʮȥȻȴδ˵κһ仰ǺܿתͷɫƣĿڵƹЩ㶼ʶɣô˵䣿
ߣ
һȻ۵ѪѾֹסʹȴɣ˿лǱȵҪܸɫǲйأ
û˵ãǾ͹ֲˣ
Цһ£ŤͷˣԵλСκСǶϤҾͲˣʵǹҲûʲô£Ǽ֤һ£
룿
񽣽ӵĴź󣬱̷Ըݳе캣֮ˣ֣ƹƹȫǿд˳̬Ȳ̫ãɱ˲ٵˣЩϵֿ־أ

Ļ֮ЩһƲѣȴκβıʾЦ
ղƹĲӦµ⣬˵ҲҶ֣۾ûˣӵҲûˣ
Щеľ֮⣬΢΢һЦļֻһ֤
˵ţȻ˫һǱƷŵʱߵķһ㵹ɶݺݵײʮ׿Ǹ̨ϣ˿Ѫֱӻ˹ȥ

״ʱ󼱣ûܹȥһǰ
Ҫʲôҧгݵŭ
˵أ
۾ţâһš

ɲǣƵұҲ˲룬һεѪ쮷ɶҲʱʹ˻ţΪ֮£ʹȻʮ֮࣬ʹƽͿҪԹȥ
Ҫôûõȫûֿܣ
㣬㡭
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ʱǶʮҲƺĲ״ǿԼĽһ㡣
ģûأ
ʼ磬һλᣬ㵽׽
־ɱңȻһ֮أֹͷƾûɿڡ
Ȼŭ־岻Ͻ֯ȴҧݵļ죡
ܺãȻˣǾͱˣ
ԣһ͵ֳצһץǻԹȥ㱻˹
ſҵĶӣƴ󼱣
ſ
һЦ㱻ʹ˹
㣬ҪʲôſңףҰ
󣬷Լץס˲ʹ಻ͬʱǺһ˿ʹãʱڻҲѣȴ޷֡
ǰɣҪ־͹㸸װɣһ㶼ϣ
ɱһȻɲǣֻһͷѵľ׵Ǳ㱻ֱŤϣҲ˲ͣһͷһıӶȫɢ
һ̣ǽֱɱ

Ŀѣűڵϵʬ壬Щ˻ơ
㣬ҪҪ
ֱӴ̼Ƶŭ
ţ״Ұһĳ˹ȥ
Ȼû˫ۣ¾ȥҧҲҪҧɱԼӵ֣
ȻɱľٶͿ񽣺޷Ӧ֮⣬˰֣κɫһ䡭
˵ɱ
ʼ磬Լ˸Ա߶ȻһߣǼһ̷ɳײǽϣŪú¥̶֮ݺݲ˺ü£
ۡ
ƺò״ǽվüѪ˳ΪŭѪ˫Ŀ죬·޲Ѫһ㡣


1271 а죡
ôɱң
оаЦǳ
Ҫɱ㣡
žʹųٴγȥѪȾӵǸ˼
һĻ˫ۣɫЩףԱ֣չţȻ¶ֲȥˡ
ɱңǸʸ𣿡
һЦвм֮ɫš
أ
͵һŷߣƸ½Ƕûٴα߷˳ȥ
һΣֱӷɳſڣصʯֵϣ˼ºҲˣǷŭĿ졭
ףû
쵹ǲһ£漴ߵ棬ߣ̧ϲ˲ȣЦƹ˵Ǻαأ룬ѣ㻻Ҳһ˶໨ЩʱϤ
㾹ҰģҪռɶ⣬ŻҪɱСκС˵˵Ҹô죿
Ļƽȴ̺ŸΪɱڳ˶鲻ԽĴһ
үʲô
񽣴ֵĶðֱŪˣ

ʱǱɲڽµȴǺĴЦ˳һڿѪĭʱʱ³мַ֮С
־ɱңұ֤֮ǶҸᣬ
ſѣ˵ǽһƶ
᣿Ҳ䣡
ץסһŻõӱֱӳƵͷȥ
ꡭ
˲飬ͷϱֱĳһѷ죬ѪٴӿƵЦȴֻڶ˶ٺһſӿ
ʱԵЩ졣
ſڵϲϵſЦȴԵúܰǶʮƹȴһ岻ѣΨΨŵŵ
ƣҪ㻹ʸ񣡲Ҳˣ
ɱһͨҽԪ˲ֱƵЦȻֹһɵſڵϣȫʧΨһ˫Ŀ˫ɴţƺҪڱľ桭
ҲûȥЩǺͿһͬ߻ص˵ڣƮƮ£аЦǶʮƹ񡭡
ҶУټΧʮʬ壬Щ춢סһ־֣
ôҲңŤͷ֣κ
磬ǲ£
֣οЦһ£صֻû뵽㾹Ȼɱǣ
֪ΪǺãǡ
Ҳ֮˵ȴ򴽣ɱôĺ𣿡
ɱӺﰡС
ûشסС֣Ц֪Ҫôʲô棿һӶ޷ջرĶʱǸȥĸĸ˽

ĬȻòϣ˵ļе
磬Բ𣡡
̧ͷǸε˵һ
ˣûʲôԵԲģ
֣Цǿҵĵܵã⵱ѵǼƽϣ
˵ţע⵽˵ɫһЩתͷǶʮƹЦλһϷòɣ
᲻ᡭ
ЩЦҡͷ
ܺãҲ˽뵽ˣ
ǣǵģ֣ܹǵң
ôǲҲǸһأ
˵üëһЦЦȴĺâ˸
ǲᣡ
ǰǱΪ֣ҺҷģȻѾûˣֻҪүСڣżٹһԻָģ
ǣǶôģȥݷүС㣬ⶼأ
ǣ
ĻٸоЦıɱЩĸ˵ģ
һĲˣΪ֣ǽʾǶ֣һҵġ
ǳã
ĵͷȻˣǻȥݼǵүС㣿
ǣǣ
ЩͷǺϵѪͬʱ֣κȥĸ׵С˲μүμС㣡
ɣ
̧̧֣֣Ժǲѧˣضú³
ǣ
ڼ΢ЦһͷĴʯͷһ
һ̣Ҳʲôԭ򣬷վ֣κˡ
ֻҪڣǱ㲻κΥ˼
ľ壬ɲǼ򵥵ܹγɵģ
߰ɣǻط˵
㵱ȥǽ󣬺ܿ⴦̵ĺԺ
汾ӦеһЩƺŮʱҲܵĸɸɾȻⲢûӹĲЩҲֻ°ˣﲻǵҲδȡκж
ǰѪȣԺȴҪɾ࣬ƴӵص˼һ㣬ʹڳ˵ıҲ΢滺һЩ
λǻʶң
˼Ƭ̣Եһҽܣҽ죡
죿
֣Ƕʮƹһ͵ɫ˲䣬˼ĵɴ˫ۡ
캣а٣һ˵Դ󣬳ʵ
а֮Ԫ½ϼ˲֪˲ȴڼ¾ǵ֣κʱȻкܶ˼ȴûжаǷȥ롣
Ǳ٣쿴һ۴ˣЦס
˻
ɲǣЩ˶ʱһ
֣κȻһֱܹµһЩԼͷϻ״ΣɵǿĿҲȣȴһľ壡
а죬˵ǻԪ½˵ż
ȻСҲ⣡
Ҫ֪үСа쵱磬ôҲЩ鰡
ǰ֪͸үСʾģ
ǿа٣ҪܹаٳϹϵԪ½ܺˣ
ˣԺҪúõظүС㣬˵ҲԽԼļ
ﲻϵİ˼⣬ʱ˿ʾݺֶ֣κĳ֮ȹ
Ϊ֣κǷֱѯʸԼƹ񣬽ʱ˽ЩƹȻκ׷ױ̬˵һȫ֣ؽ塭
СںǸпҲŶĸм
û죬ˣ
û죬֣ҺѾֱˣ˵ôֵŽᣡ
û졭
ΣСѾ¶˾ģ½ǵĶ£ô±ţҲһҪȫ
ڣЩ˲˵˵ˣʱҲˣλȻȥϢɣﻹҪúõʰһ£ϣӰ쵽⣡
ǣҵȸˣ
ܿ죬Ƕʮ˱뿪Ҳص˾סľƵУ
ҲǵõԲĽ֣κǷܹŵһ壬Ƿܹ֣Һյٹ⣬ҪȫԼıˡ


1272 
磬˵ʲô
صƵͷڣ컳УһСϻȦȦһЩǵʵ
ô֪
Цһ£ǲµģСôϲ˵ҲСһһλԵ
Եô
Ŀ˸˼£ԵΣգֻϣܹȫľͺãϾǶֻСӣҪˣɻ̫ʱ򣡡
İɣ
˿ĺϸ˵ˣʱǱټģ˵ʱǻҪչأǺǡ
ЦЦȴǴĶһۣĵ˫вҧιˣĶأ
ٺ١˵أ
аЦһȴֱӷ˶ѹ£ʱһⷿڱٴοʼһսڷΧ󷨣ִⰻȻ¥Ҫɣ
ãսẔ̌ڴϣ´ȥһ裬ֱȥڸһӺ꣬΢滺һЩ
ˣԽԽǿˣҪǺΡ
ٺ١ǿôҲ֪ղ˭һֱڽҪҪģЦ

ǵɪӣʱûķһۣԼҲòϣȷ
Լһ꣬ɻشϣ˶§뻳Уͷ䴽һǣˣʱ䲻ˣ˯ɣ죬ȥݷһ¶үǣ
ţ
ͷٶԡ
ս֮ƣܿ磬ȴһ§Ž˶һַں״ɫЩ΢
Ѫµ֣Ϊ̣Ҳζ֪֣ػݣȻǱҪõĶʲôܣѪ¾Ȼϧ˵Ĵ󶯸ɸ꣬Ѫ϶˷ѪӰ
ͷӺĪүүټϺıΪ¹ĻƳ棬²ֹ̻ᱻѪµȥǵ
һеһУ޷˯ȥҲû֮ʱɡ
ˣ
˼Ƭ̣춸Ȼ۾һҵǸΪһնܹѪʹعһЩ벻鷢ˣô
ţٴθֳһĨϰԵаЦ漴ͷһ˯ȥĽ˶΢΢һЦ˫ۡ
ڶһ磬飬Լ뿪Ⲣǣ»صݶڣҾֱȥ˶żҡ
֣κߵ飬Ҳû̫ĵġ
ȥϾҲԸ̿ƺӵ³ټаݵ壬ЩƹҪǻʲôģ²Լأ
˵ʲô֮ڱɣûзϡ
ƲһԪڵˣȻڻԪ½ʵǿȴûзУ΢ʶȤһ㣬Բʱ֣Ѱ·
飬񽣣ǿû˰
ŴүӹЦںԺ£ˣȻʲô
֮ǰּңͷһΪǻŹû뵽ǷȥǱߣаٵ˳ȥǺô
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ˣιǿϼһô򵥰ɣүʵ
үүСҵȷһүүæЦŵ
ˣСҲƨˣʲôҪֱ˵Ѳͷһܾܾ㣿үûĵ
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ţ
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ţ
ͷǱϾᣬЩ϶ᴦĲ̫ǡҲû̫ʱߣԣֻүүˣ
СӣҲδ̫˰ɣ
үӵǶȻڶ߻һӰǱߡ
үүģʵҪżȥʲôֻǱһ̬ȶѣ
ûȶү˵꣬ЦǺǵĵȻһȥһ˳ңóүүҲһ棡һжżңּҺͳһ棬ǵܵܺ͵Ҳ᷽ܶ࣡
СӣǵľǶ֣࣡κС޶Ⱳӿ˵磡
үӸ̾˵һ
ʵǶżҵĶֺγˣ
죬ȷһˣ
ҲһЩİˣһģܷܲǲܰɣЦǺǵػص
УҴӦˣ㻹ڻԪ½ϣðȥһ£үЦ
ʲô£
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үү˵
ܼ򵥣ҪöǳСӾ飬һ㱧أɫУүڷ²豭˵

⻰쵱ͷߡ
飬Ȼ֪ǵҽĩհĴҲ޼ҿɹĿ˶ܹҲֻжˡ
Ҫʲôʱ飬ܹԤ˵
үү⡭
Цѣû˵ʲôүȴǰִϣϷʵôǳСӾͲֵܣͲΪֵܵҸǿǣ
⡭ðɣֻܾȥ˵˵
ЦãεĵǶӦû˰ɣѧԺǱߣ
ţͻˣҲ˵һǿ޶飡үӵͷӦ
Ǻã֪ˣһᾡģ
ͷⷽĲ˼ȥ֣Ƕү˵ˣȥء
Ͼ˼ҵ˽£
ˣ㲻ǻҪȥһ˳ҾͲԷˣɣ
үİ֣ҡҡλεԹ뿪
һٷûУҲδ̫˰ɣ
գǻ뿪˶żңȥһּҺֳȥֻʯ·ϣüͷһ壬һֱӵĸоĵ΢΢˼֡
磬ôˣע⵽ɫ仯鵱ʵ
û£ߣ
ֱӵĸоȻʧɵĴһΧŰִͿ񽣼ңƵǣû߶Զֱ֮оٴγˣһô޼ɵ


1273 Ϲٷƣ
һ·Цõͣ
磿
ү
Ϳ񽣸ͣ£ɫɵĿ졣
û£
֣ĳΧ磬ȻˣǵûӼһ£
ܹȻ򵥣ֲʦʦǶô㣡
ȻºһӰӲԶи˳
캣٣Ϲٷƣ
δֵܣο첽ߵһ𣬱Ǻݺݵӵһ£໥ĸ鲢ûΪʱ̫裡
Сӣô֪ң
ӵϹٷƻȭϴһ£ЦŵΪصѾˣϢ˺ü֣
ٺ١صǲѵˣóҲЩ
һЦȻϢ䣬ɸȴǴĹ˲ʶѵСҲ֪
ҿʵҪСʵ̫ˣʦȥ֮һֱ˵㶼ʥ۷ˣֲʦʦһֱô㣡ϹٷЦ
磬ôȻѲʲôֵôԹһˣЦЦûнӿڣתʵ
û³߰ˣ
ϹٷȴǺɫһ죬ĵ˵췢аҲ㣡ֵܾܺûˣҸطϼ
ۣ
ЦŵͷȥҲһ̡
ȻȴֺǹճһߣϷʵ磬òʲôذɣ
ʲôʲô㣿ʲô飿Ϲٷƺɵ
ڴ棬ӣ϶Ǽ°ɣ
ҡҡͷָϹٷӣЦû´ĻĪǴһλɩӣ
ʲôɩӲɩӵģСӣΪʥ۷ʵҾͲ㣡
ĻϹٷһ죬Ǳ˵һ㣬۹ȥ
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ɩӣ֣֪һܲ۹Ⱑ
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УڽзƣȻˣ
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Ϲٷûĵһۣ漴Ϳ񽣵ͷһ˱㳯ǰȥ
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ţȳţ𣿡ʵ
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˵ʵڵģû㲻һͻݵģȻ˵̫ƯȴҲֺͿͣŴǳĴɱ۲죬ˣнһ붼Ϊ
Ҳûбֵ̫ϹٷƵԴк⣬˺֮ĹϵȻҪࡣ
£¥ϰҲǿЩŻôһŮֻƵĻɣ
磬硭
Цõֽ˼ϹٷŻعע⵽Ϸʵӣʱһ죬漴ûĵСӣЦҰɣ
ĶҰҴ磡
ٺЦʲôȳŰɣɩӻæ
ǰһֱææϣ
Ϲٷεĵͷۡ
üҶ̽Ե˵ȴװûһҲͲ˵ˣֻÿԳԷϹٷ˵
ÿ磬㲻᲻˰ɣ쾪㵵
ɲԼĴ簡
ѲɣҲ֡Ҫ˲Ҫɽˣǣǰôûأ

Ϲٷûĵ۵ȻȥֻҪͳȫ־ͿˣҪǷǵһȥ죬Ҫ𣿡
ٺ١Ҳôһ˵磬ǺȾƣ
ã
ֳȥϹٷջ˷ϵĿ⣬Ʊһ£һ
˼飬ˣϹٷƳǸ
粻ˣʵҲδɩأЦ

Ϲٷƶʱͷߣ治֪㲻ǡһˣһš
ڿ񽣣Դ֮һֱԹԵĳźţϹٷ̸֮ȫû⣬Ѿ˰÷ŮŮҲ⡣
˽ӵϹٷƣԴҲȻ⡣
ҶһˣҲֿ
һֱæ꣬Ѿǰʱ֣ҹɫ֣һ¸߸ңƸһ׵ıɴҹˮȴָоһᡣ
˼ƴ磬ÿ춼ôãʵ㲻רŵҵģ
˻Ƶ·ȡ֮һʮصĳȹһƷûУм֡ˮܽأȻȥΡ֮
Ҳû£͵
ϹٷƼæЦҸһ£ֵ죬ҵĵ飬󺺽п񽣣һˣ
磬㣬񽣴磬Ǻãҽзֱ˴кΪ
㲻غôæˣؼҰɣĸ϶أϹٷ˵
šллƴ磡ǣǡȵͷ漴ԥſˡ
û£ǸžˣҺҲܾûȥ֮úٺúõɣû쿪ڣϹٷƱ˵
ǡðɣ
ͷǸֻҼ̫ªټĸ֡»ᵡǣ
ûе£
Ϲٷæ֮ǰʺ˵иúóβǣæĸô
ģ̫ˣллǣ
Զʱɫһϲһͬ뿪˾¥ļȥ


1274 㣡
ܿ죬һ˱˺ƫƧһķӼûкõģȻҲвٵĶŶԺÿһĴСв˼ҵС԰Ȳ
ûߣȴһЩȴԾֵ֮С
˼ǼЦˣ
ע⵽ǵɫ򴽣Ǹ
ôɣ
ǰס֣Цûʲô˼ҲǧᣡʵЩʱסĻﻹҪܹܶ࣡ˣҲعĵطˣ
˵ЦˣСһ죬
ԺҽˣֱӽɣȻ󣬽죬񽣾ǿЦ
ԣԣֱӽ־ˣɲҪôҲ֮Цŵͷ
⡭ðɣ
û뵽ȥôʵ˶ôɵԵúԥ
ûʲôõģ
Ϲٷ޷εİ⡣
һţҲúͮͮġ
ǲ֪ƴĺøУֻڸû˼ȥô࣬ĵ׸ԱԼ䲻ôõķƴ硣
οڲһˣĸҪչˡ

ЩĻŵ̬ȴԽˣ⡣
٣ڵϹٷƾͿЩˡ
ðɣ֪
ϹٷǽİУæƲĿ⣬͵͵ӦһǶĺøиʤһ
ӺڷĴ£Ǳ˽ΪһԺ䡣
ܵǽڶѾ˲٣ԺֻһƽףҲֻ䷿ȥȻڷ絲꣬ҲֻˣûһװΣÿһ䷿ǽڶǰ߲ѣһ۱ԿȻǾ˲ٵķ꣬û޸
ƴ磬죬飬񽣣ˣ˼ǼҾ˽ȥǱǸ˵
ˣ˵Щˣȥĸɣ
Ϲٷһۣ˵ǱŬŬ졣
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ңҲûΪԼļªκԱ˼
ҲȻˣὫ۽ĸߵϹٷƳԳģ
ʣϹٷ캣ٵݣҪʲôŮ˵ò
ǲǻзưôأ
мڣһĸ
漴һªֲ·긾˻˳
⸾һ֪زʱʱòϣȴһַ֮ȫʱȻҲһŮϧΪħƣŻᵼ³ģ
ôˣش°ǲǶˣȥæǰԼĸףǵǵĵ
ɵŮҪôȥӹǶҪˣ˵ˣⲻпڴô£긾Цŵ
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ˣĸó˿Ϲٷָָ飬Цų˵
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ЦЦֵԼԼ϶ǻ̫ʱˣֻǿϧҵڻûɼңҪˣ͹¿һˣ¡
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˵ʲôأһģæ˵ͮͮģ͸ˮһ㡣
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ĸҡ
ϹٷƼҪѿڶһչһӡ֮ı׻ȴȵĸһ°ɣǶˣû취ȫκãұ֤һԸӳⲻҲһЩκõĻ𣿡
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ףЦȻЩأа취òĸ֮ڻָ룬Ȼٺúõһ±ɺ죡
̫ˣֱ̫ˣ飬лл㣡УллǴң
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ʱǷȴǺĿڣüͷ壬š
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ϵĵͷЦҪȥ׼һ£һĸʼƣʱӦûһң
찡
Ļҧҧ
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ŶûµģҹˣĸֻҪһ˾㹻ˣЦ
ǡðɣлл飡쾡Ӿ¥Ǳ߻мӦ
лǾˣûȥ׼һҪĶ
õģǣ
ͷԽͳţϹٷҲһߵģ÷վſĿǣּΡ

Ȼ
ˣ
ʰӦһæܵߣǲʲô
ûеģ
ḧӣɲԸǵʲô˰Ǹƣǲϲ˼ң
˵ʲôأ
еЦ⣬ʱһ죬æˣȥ˹
Ǻǡ⺢ӻ˼أ
ŷܳȥӰ簮ЦЦ漴뿪ķԳ˼ɻ󣬵ľȻһǰδеľ裡
ˣҲ룬ûбô򵥡


1275 ʥ߷
Ϲٷݾӵľ¥䣬һԹԻȥϢ
컹׼ڶȥһ˳ңȻҪȥĸ׷㿴
һ£Ǹ죬ϹٷȴҪһ·Ͼϲ˼ҷڷĲɲܲܲˡ
ڣ˴ϣϴ굽ĻУǶԷסֱۣ磬ĸף㲮ĸ²򵥰
ţ
ԣһǴĲģ
ǲǲǶףӦ

һ£°ͣŽ˶˵Ǳ˶
֪ҡͷ
֪
ɵǲǱ˶֪ô˵Ƕ㻹ôĵ˵ܹκã
磬ûҵ˼
򴽣Ե벮ĸڵȷжֵȴֹһ֣ҽҼʱƺڹΣվǲһЩĶǡǡ
˵һ٣Щŵ顣
ʲôʵ
Ҳ֪ǲҸоˡ
Цһ£ֲܹͬľ綾ÿһֶʥǿ߷һ֣֮òҩĻҲǱɣǾʹÿռ֮ЩظգֶȴʮԿƣԲСı̵¶

쾪㵲ѣȴδʣ
־綾ӦǱĳֶӳ˶Եķңҹ۲ͷƺ־綾Ϊǡ
˵һ٣ŵĵҺԼԼµģ
û˵ɣ
⻰ֱЦã˼˵ĸԼԼ¶ȻԼӣɵ
˭˵أ
ҲǿЦãҾֵĵط֮һ
֮һ㻹ʲô֣ʵ
ʲôˣǹڷ벮ĸĸŮ
ŵ֮ǰƲûô벮ĸضһóö֮ˣ֮ʦＴв磬϶ҲĲ࣡ɷأֻһΪͨŮӣⲻ𣿡
ֵ֣Ҳ˵ˣַǰҪڷ벮ĸĲԼɵ֮ϣ԰ɣ

԰Ͳȥ̽һ£ܹҵ˿ǲΣΪ˰磬ҲҪκ÷벮ĸĲ˵ǰ㲻򵥣ҲҪСģɫ˵
ţ֪
һЦ§ĸ첲䴽һ£˵ˣеˣ˯ɣ
ҲȻԣ§Ž˶ܿ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬ͿȥҰݷóүӺͳҼˡ
Ϲٷƣȴٴȥ˷ڵǸԺ䡣
˽˽ȥѾ𴲣ڴ߾ĳ㣬ϹٷƵĵҲֵΪ飬໥ƺѾʶһ㡣
鷳βҪȥæˣȷԹ緹ϴɾų˵
õģȥɣסСģͷ
İɣûµģ
΢ЦŵͷֳϹٷƺЦ˵һ䣬뿪Ժ䡣
£
ۿҪ߳ԺӣĽס
£
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ЦЦϹٷƵưҪȥ
ãõģĸȥ
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ǺƻƵģ˦ֶûܽϹٷƵ˦Ҳֻˡ
ˣ
飬鷳ˣҾ
Ϊɬ˵һ󣬷ѾϹٷһͬ뿪ˡ
Ժ䷿УҲֻʣͷˡ
ĸҿ쾫񲻴ҪھͿʼɣЦ˵
ȵһ£
֣Ŀⶢȥ
ĸôʲô
ɵʲôԵĵط𣿡
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ЦЦ漴ʵ鰡ΪҵĲκ𣿡
Ȼԥĵ
ʲô˵һ˵𣿡ֵ
룬²ĸԼӦñҸɣȻҲ֪ô˵ģĸΪǲ𣿡˷⣬ȴҲǷʵ
Ų򵥰
ЦЦ㲻ʥ۷ʵʱܹͻʥأöųԽһ˵ʵ治֪ʦʲô
ǺǣĸˣĸҲһ򵥵𣿡һڷ棬Ц
㵽ʲôˣӽҪʲô
Ȼһķŵºͣʵʰâ
ʱƺʱ׼鶯ֵ˼
ĸģûκζ⣡
ЦŰ֣ҶʲôͼĻֺαˣֱˣ
Ҳǣ
Ļף۵ȻΪǾҶˣ
ĸôôɰ
Цãʲô˶֪α㣿˵㿴סĵطʲôֵԵģ
治ʶң
˫ۣôҲǵòģ
ΪʲôҪʶ㣬ܿ㲻ǵòжңû´ĻӦԼԼµĶɣһŪ־綾㡭ǲ
˫һ̯ǷĿעУԵüΪɣ
ȻķȷǿڵһʵӲһ㶯ֵĻڵ־綾̶ʱ趯ؽüΪѿ
ɣԼкεϣ÷ڶһ٣ɫҲ֮
Ĳ֪˭˼飬ȷ̫ˣ³һǸ
û£
鲢ЦЦԥŵĸˡҶһ䣬ǰʲôˣ
ңڲһ˶ѣ
ԳЦЦصҲˣ߼УԼҲˣһˣһǸŮҪˣôܻȥ
ǰĻ
˷Ȼһ٣ų֪ļʶû˵ʥˣ
ʥߣ
ԣɫһߴʥѾ伣˶ʮʥ߷ۣ


1276 ۵Ĺȥ̳гң
֪ڻԪ½ߴʥߡ
вԪݵİʥԪİ͵ʥȻݵʥŷϲݵ켫ʥ߻켫ݵĺʥߺԼݵİʥ߽
ܹˣһֱλʥߣʥ߷ۣе˶ֻˡϧﰢλʥߣҲֻǺ˶ѣߴʥ֮С
Ȼ˵ʥȻߴʥҲԵúأҲҲֻȻŮҲһЩϵ
Ψʥ߷ȴѾڶʮǰ伣û֪ȥ˺δҲͬû֪
ΪѾﵽʥʵˣûôģ
ʥʧʮʱУ˶϶ˣһ֪ĵطпܴﵽȥĳΪ֪Ŀռ䣡
ԣʱ˷۵ĻŻԵô𾪡
ңҾǰķۣڵķ㣡
ԾӣҲǿЦһ£Գĵô飬ǲǿڵӣһ㶼ûʥǣ
òĸЦˣ
֮Цŵĸôӣѵڵ־綾ԼŪģ
ԼΪҲԹˣ
ף飬Ȼ֪㵽Ȼ֪ǰţҲв׵Ҫ־綾㻹һЩǡ
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ǺǸҺֵͬ£ֵܹİգ˵
ĸˣ
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⻰ʱ𾪵ĵɴ˫һŵӡ
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ϣܴӦ£ת˵
£
һǿЦţȻ߳ɵĳɹʣǻɵʧ𣿵һ£ϣҵұܣȲҪ͵ֻһѰͨ˱ǣ
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ŵͷȰοĸһ䣬綼֪ģֺαأ
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ҡҡͷҲδͣ˶ٺֵڶ£ʧˣ㲻عңǧҪڵľ綾մȾϣˣҺúõչҲϣܹʲôõǰ;ƽƽĵһͨˣܹÿбԣеط˯ȻҵһķУҵݣҴԶԶڲ
⡭ðɣҲӦ
һ̾Ӧ
ܹоԷεŨŨĸ֪ͬ룬ֻϣܹѰҵԼҸȻƽĶȹһ
ˣǶлˣǿʼɣмĵͷ
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һվϥڴϣҲ˷ͬϥ㿪ʼǽնǷ־綾Ľⶾ̡

Ժ׼ʱͿѾҸԱҼӭ˽ȥԺм˳үӡ
һѣڳͳүӴе֪˳ƵĽ󣬱ҲΪƶԳȥѡЩǣ˵ѩϹѩʨıǸӶ΢һ
Сӣ²ǵô򵥰ɣ
үЦŵôʱˣǣˣСӣͷûϷүүɣ
үү˵ЦˣƶүүȻҲҵүүôûأЦ
ߣר˵ģϷΨһŮû˵ר̹ңС㲻壿үֱӵ۵
ҡ
컹׼˵ʲôүȴٴδӵ۵ĵˣСҲҽˣνȻ㹴ҵĹŮǾͿϷϷڻʱ䣬ҪΪҳҵĽǣ

ԣһ̽Եĵүӣ˼ĪҺƶԺĺճ
ô㲻Ը⣿
үüëһҵͷֱӳֿһٵ˼
ǣİЦ
СӣǲǽǵúϷԣ
үһۣʱӣ΢ʹӣ΢үԶһЩ
˾٣óүӿЦһ򲻹ЦĳλҼҲ¶Ц⣬ڿ񽣸Ͳö˵ˣÿֵùʱֻҪڳЦĵı֤ˡ
ˣСҲװģˣ
ⷬӣүûĵСҪ˵飬ϷѾ֪ˣСӵôӦϷһ£
֪ˣǶүүүүģʵ
ϻȻΪϷɲɣ
ү۾һģСӣ㵽״𲻴ӦϷ˵飿
ӦӦϵķԸСôҲӦ
켱æЦͷ漴ȴͷһתСĵүӣ˵òľǸղǸɣ⡭
Ц
ĪǻҪͳƵĺճɣֲ׸ҵģ
˵أ
үƲƲ죬ʱЦ
˺ˣ
⿴ȥˣЦ˵ں㿪Ц˵ȷҪƶĺ̳ǳҵһУ

Ŵ죬ⲻһ˼
ôң
˰֣׺ҵ˼˵ǵĺӼ̳гңҪգ˰ɣ
һһԱߵĳүӣĵ𣿡
Сӣ˵𲻴ӦɣүӺߺߵ
ôõ飬Ӧ񲻳˰׳գ
Цѣתүү壬Ҳһ֤ΪҲҵĺ̫ĸۣСʱܹһ㣡
⻹õ˵ˣȻСӴӦˣ¾ôˣƶүӴߴٵ

ͷߣ⺢˵ó


1277 𾪵ķ
̳гңա
˵ȷһĺ£
Ͼһ㲻ԼĶԳƿأֻҪĺӣԼʲôأ
ֻǣڴеĳүӣҲ֪λӦϾڻûȥЩԼɶŮ˵ʵѾˡ
Ȼ飬ǳǣûйⲻҪӣǲ֪ΪʲôʼûüŮУ͸˵ˡ
ڳүǻȵĿУЩˡ
λ˵һΪڵǱߵ漴ǡ
ˣɣ
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1278 Ӣľ
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ĸܷģʦǱнЦӦ
ãǲĸͲˣ
صͷҲգ㲮ĸǷһ飡ʦǱߣԺһȥͣ


1281 ݷã
鶼û뵽ὫڤԪó͸㣬ŷϹٷȻȷ˹ϵҲͲûʲôˡ
ԸˣֻҪԼˣʲôĵģֻҪǶԼаĶͺá
󣬷鶼ΪһƣȻطϢˣ챾Ǵһģﵱ˼СڵĵݡȴϹٷƸסˡ
Ϲٷ֮⣬δɩӷ
磬ɩӣôʲô
ЦãĿƻ˵һ㡣
죬ǵʲôѽ
ҧŴĿɵ죬ϹٷԼӹȻѯ죬ĿȴϹٷϡ
Ҹղ˵ˣҽϹٷƣ˼ôãϹٷǸ
ƣŶϹٴ磬֪ʵĲأҡҡͷ
㻹ǽҷƴɣе㣡
Ϲٷס˷裬֮һֱûҵݣǲ㣬ֻǲ֮ʲôң
ң
һ£̧Ϲٷ˫ֿ˫ҧڿ˵㲻˵ĻҲǿأ֪ƴ϶ΪҺõģ
⻰ޱȣ
һˮŮӣʱʱ̶̿ΪϹٷ롣
ȻԣסΣҶķƴ磡
ϹٷƵͷ漴һԣʵ캣𣿡
캣󣿡
ͷһЩ㶵ͷ˵ڳϴ·ʱЩأ캣ǿӣǶĽأ
֪캣һЩʲôأϹٷʵ
캣ʲô
ɵ죬ü΢ŵһһֱܳģ캣а٣а
ˣ漴ɰĵɴ˫ۣĪŤͷ쿴ȥ֣а١죿
ɩӣҾ죡Цŵͷ
а٣찡ҾȻԿŵ죡
Ȳѣ漴ʶԼ˵˻һæ˼ҲǸ˼ҡ
ɩӲý⣡
ЦŰ˰֣ôҲֻĵܵܣǺǣ
ԣøСӵǸϹٷҲЦ˵
һ˵ء캣иٺаٵŶ
˵һ仰ô˵ţķƶаκ֪ԣԣأ
ɩӣҺ˵ɣǹϹٷƣ
ӿЦ캣ڵĵλаٸߺܶŶ캣ʵȨߣ
찡
ĻٿϹٷƲδϣ̾Ŵ˺촽ϹٷƣԵúǸӡ
ȻѾµԼķƴݿ϶򵥣ϾܹΪаĴ磬ôܻͨأ
ֻǣôҲû뵽ǰƺ񣬶Լ۰мӵˣȻǴ˵еĹϹٷƣ
ҳǰݷã
ݵİУȻԺ⴫˽
񽣣ţ
ʾ£߹ȥŴ˿룡
лл
⻺룬ǹȻɵ¶һĨЦݡ

֣ɳ˺ȴǹɫһ࣬ʱǻôֱôˣ
԰ɩӣͽˣҲЦ
ã
ףæ
Ǻǣãã
ЦŵͷҲûԺӵƶͼ򵥣ԥմһЩҳϣ漴ЦŵԼݷãŵ˰ɣˣĲЩ𣿡
ѾõòˣлģӦ
壬˼ĸ̫ˣǳ˷ͻطϢ޷Ӵ㣡Ҳ֮˵
Ǻǣ޷޷˲Żһλģô˹ݷãҲԵЩͻأ
ЦŰ˰֣漴ԱߵĿմһЩУЦЩ͸ﲹӵģȻ֪׵ʲôܹǲдģɲҪ̫һЩ
壬ⲻðɣ޹»ǽЩûȥɣæ˵
ͳջȥĵ㿴ģ˵Ļ̴Ŷתߣ
ҲǸ˼
æ˵Ц壬ͱٺɩЦˣ
ɩӣȻǳģպñǣÿֳ˵
ǣ⡭
ԾЩԥĿϹٷƣϹٷЦŵͷǵõʲô޴Ĺһ㣬Ͳˣлл壡
Ǻǣòã
ЦŰڰ֣ϹٷȥЦϹٷƣڱˮɽ
ǵģ
Ϲٷ˿ûκεĽţһɲǼ㳯ޱ۰ĺúһҼƽɢһϣ÷ĶЩˡ
ÿһŮ˵жһӢᣡ
ȻڷӢӦˣǰϹٷƣ
ţ
ͷЦŵֱӽưɣʲôʱ飬ҿҪ׼һݴ˵ãȻһ壬ҵֶŮҿ˰
˳Ļһ졣
顭ĿԺͷƴǸǶҸһѽ
飬Ȼһұ֤һᣡ
ϹٷЦŵʵҲϣ飬ʦλʦǶ߶ҺüˣֻڻǺʱ򣬵һжȶ˵
ô˵Ҳԣ
ͷҪһЩȻĿɲӦ
Ȼ
Ϲٷƺԥĵͷ÷Գɬ
ˣ׼һסĵطﻷ߰˰˵Ķܲ
˵̫ˣһȥһ˼ȻԴȥô
壬ô̫ƷˣôˣľͲ˰ɣԥžܾ
ɵӣ죬㿴סĵط
Ц㲻ΪԼǣǲҲΪ룿Ĳ㱻κˣ϶ҲҪһõĻȥ԰ɣ
⡭
ЩĶԥ
ǸТŮܹиõĻĸ׷ȻҲˡ
Ӧ˳ĻĸŮǷµҲԽԽˣ
ɩӣ㲻ÿˣӦˣ
ŷϹٷƣȴЦǺǵĵ岻ˣһþǳŮأҲһˣôģ
ԣԣ˵ĲǶһˣҲ֮ЦӦ
ǾͶлˣ
ϹٷƳƬ̣׵ǮһҪģ͵͸ĸЩİɣ


1282 ȻԺݱ仯
գ⻹ûоܾϹٷƵ˼Ͼ˵ǸˣܾܾܲϹٷƶδĸʾТİɣ
һһļӶûУֵޱºͣ÷ϵҲǸмѣϤ֮ѵĻҲ˲٣óԷԽϲ
ڶһ磬֪ºҲδ̬ȻڳҼҲûʲô̫ıʾ
طϢ˵һԼȥתơ
죬飬ϹٷԼһȥ˳ҡ
үС㣬С㣡
мǵĳ֮˶׷׹Ȼǲ֪ϹٷƵݣͷǣֵӣЩҲ˿ʧ
ΪѾ˽κθʧٶҹ洦ֱңǿɲӢĸô硭
𾪵ǣλóҼȻرȺǣүӶԳ˼ֵޱȺͰһֳ顭
ǻãЩϰΪֻǷȴ֣СֽץϹٷƣΧЩעĿǣһ㶼ϰߡ
ʱֻһ˺ȥСÿ춼Ҫű˵ɫ¡
أ˵߸ϣ˶Բǰһ˫˫ĿⶼԵСģ÷ڶĸп
ҺãǶûڳҴãܿڳԴ£ȥ˴׿һԺ䡣
ԺΧƣʱʱĿ˱ˮɽ֮䣬ƽ֮С
ҪǣԺװʮȻƺҪº֮ܶ࣬ǰԣȷʺϲ˵
ǲμ
Ժʱ򣬱ĸɫȹŮǷ
ţ
ͷ󳯷˵ŮÿһǾѡģԺ󰡣ʲôȥҪʲôطǲˣֱ壬ͷǣ
С㣿
ûȷܾ㳯ĸŮȵ
ū澵ȲμС㣡
ĸŮæǷ
òãλ㲻ض񣡡
֣ɲϰһס
ǰɣ
Ϲٷ֪˵ʲôЦŵһչ˲ĸ࣬ڵĻʲôطչ˲Ҳ˰֣˵ˣиչˣҲòĸĿ˵أ
⡭ðɣлл壡
ϹٷƵĻТķҲûоܾˣǳл
һֵĳƺǵĹϵƺҲһҲóϵЦݸࡣ
ҸǽһȻԺ
ЦЦԴԺһ顣
Ժ֣˵Ȼ֡
ԺǧƽףȻԺв󣬵֮ǰͷǾסĵطȴҪȻԺװ޺ͻǲͬն
תһȦϤһº˱ǰԺ£ĸŮˮ󣬳⵱ЦԵô㲻ϲĻ׼һף
ϲϲ
ͷҧŴһûסôõĵطлл壡
Ǻǣ廹ô˵ˣѻǮҪлҲлҰɣЦ

һ죬ĿһϹٷƣǰ⡣
ˣѾ˰׼ҪĶ
ϹٷƺͷµӣЦЦ˵ʲôҪģֱȥԺ󰡡רĵչˣȡܹջָ
ţ֪ˣлл壡
صͷҪ׵Ĳ
ţϹٷƵĵλûҪ

죬ͷǰᵽȻԺסҲӾƵа˹
ӵԺӷ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҳóûطס
ǵνȴϹٷƼúܣǻţϹٷƻ᲻ữһ֪͵㡭
ȻԺĸỤ̊һʱһ췭ظı仯
ܲӦת䣬ÿαΪСʱԵЩִ٣ϹٷţҲ𽥵Ӧ
ֻǣҪӦݵĸ仯ҲһһϦ֮
С㣬ҾӦһԺĻŮ֮׵˵
ĸŮֶԡִͷֱΪ㣬Լ¡
ʫ黭֣ȻԺĻҲмǢ֮С
ֻǴʱĻ󣬷ȴһ£Ҫʲôѵ᲻ȫ𣿡
Ҳǲȫֻǵһᷢʲô״Ӧ
ǡ
׼˵ʲôϹٷȴס磬ȷҪҪȥļˣ׼ɣ
ţ
ȻϹٷƶô˵ˣȻҲᷴԡ
ԭܼ򵥣֣Σ
״Ҳûٶ˵ʲôɵ˿ˣطСˡ
ǺǣɩӣǲǻЩӦףĲʱҪҪٳȥһȵĵط
ʱ죬鲢Я˽ЦǺǵĵ
ѽ
һ죬æϹٷƵĻѳȥ
ܱ¾ǰҲϰߺϹٷ̫ǡ
ֽߵӣȴҲϹٷƸӵ۰ȫǰ
˳СӣͱЦɩˣ
Ϲٷûϴһ£׼Ū㿴ʲô˺ʵ㣿
ʲôˣȻԼˣ
ЦȥǴȥ
ȥɣ
ϹٷƳҲʶһ
һɣ
ҲҪȥ죡
Уھȥ
ߣ
˵䣬ϹٷƷԸһǿüҺ󣬱һͬȥ
棬ɻѣҪȥĶ
ɩӣȥ֪ˣЦǺǵػص
ȥһߵ£
ϹٷǣŷС֣Цʶʶٷˣ
˵ʲôʲôأˣ
һڣǿɰģϹٷƶʱЦǣŽ˶ȴҲǽһЩ
ܿ죬һ˱һſڡ
ǾӪ鱦ε̣⼫Ϊ˽еʱȫԸܵҵգֽϵּۻ֮
λˣ֪빺ΣǶ̱лĵ

ǰĵƹĳ˵ϼˣ㣡
ǣԺ򣡡
Ȼ֪˵ʲô˼ǵʲǹԹԵسȥʱһŮ˳·ֹǵڳ˶ǰһ


1283 񻤷ϵϢ
ŮɫȹͷЩɫһػƵģԼҵĻȡ
ټգԼѩļ˶ԼֱһĶҩ
һ֣㽫˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥԶкüʿˮ
ԭѽһΪ˭أ
ŮӼϹٷƵʱ򣬷ʱһЦվǶʲôҪ𣿡
Ǻǣߣ
ܿ죬һ˱ǸȹŮӳԺȥ
˵ˣ鶼ǵһμԵúɻ
ڷԣ鵹Щ²⡣
ЩţŮǽĵ£·ԼƴᱻƵģһɬץϹٷƵĴ֣Ϲٷ΢һ£µ˷룬һЦǵס磬ʵжǿŵǵһ־Եı֤
ϰ
ԺУмŮȹŮӽ̷еĻƣǷ
ţ
ȹŮӵͷֵȫȥûҵķԸκ˲ܽ
ǣ
ŮǺܿˣһԺϡ
⡭
һȻһĻˡ
ֻǺȹŮɫȻİڵأ³񻤷񣬹ӭ٣ӭа٣ӭаٷˣ
ˣûˣ㲻ôϽɣЦ̧̧֡
˵
Ϲٷȴһࡣ
ǣ
վϹٷŷֱ£ǺҲڵõŵ󣬲Ա
ƴ磬ô°λ𣿡ʵ
ţ
ϹٷһЦ͵캣˴󻤷֮һĳ񻤷
˶ٺϹٷֵҸһ£϶ѾʶˣȻǴû棡ҵŮˣ֪ôɣ
ǣ
৵һվĳǷμٷˣ֮ǰ֪ٷ˵£
ҡ
һ֡
ϹٷȴЦǺǵĵʸһԺʲô飬ֲߵĻֱǣ
ٷ˵зԸ¶߾ȫǣʱӦ
֪ˣԺ뺫չˣҲǻһ
˺ˣô࣡
ʱЦŵ㣬Ҳûˣι飡
һ׼ɩӺδĸŪɼ¹ȥԺǱߴţ
õģû⣡
ԥӦֻǲ֪ҪҪŮ
Ůİɣһ㣡⣬һҪģȻ˲ӣҲϹٷƽӿڵ
ǣһȥţٰʱֱɹȥӦ
⣬ڶ¡
һ٣ɫҲȻһЩҰѸйѪµ鱨ùܴСȫҪҪ죿
Ѫ¡
ԣ΢һ£̧׻ص죡֮ڣһѪµ鱨аУ
ãҾ͵죡
һ´ȣֵ⣬ҴԸһ£֪е˹ɩӵ飬һҪܣй򣬱ֱԳ֣
ǣףһ֤ٷ˵İȫ
ţ
ͷǱۻǰ񻤷ȴҪ΢һЩķԸκε֮٣
٣а٣λү캣ĵλȫЩܹȵ˵ģ˵аͷʤһһˣϹٷƸƹ캣ڵһС
ˣ˵ˣôˣ
ЦǺǵİ˰֣ϵˮֱݸͷԼһŴҧһڣɢĿϣЦ㰡Ӧвʱû˰ɣҼǵǰϷǱ߰ɣôڻˣ
ҿ£
һָۣ֮ǰ̬ڸղŵȻƱһˡ
õĳ񻤷ƹǸеƷ⣬㻹ƲƲ졣
а٣ɱţ
ҲһƲ죬ȴҲδ˵ʲô
ˣˣ
һ¶ͷ鰡ɩڶûʲôأ㲻ҲһֱҪһЩµãɩȥѡһ£ԼҵĶؿȻʾͼڴͷϣЩ˲֪жǮһС⣡
ۣɩӣ߰ɣ
ԵݸһЦЩ˼ķȥǺҲ̻Ů·
Ů뿪Ц㣬ʲôڿ˵˰ɣ
֮ԺȻŷȥѡΣҲǼ˺еԥȻЩʲô顣
ǰ죬аÿ񽣷ԸϢֻǲ̫ȷԥ˵
ģ
⻰͵ֱ¶âĵǹϵ𣿡
ǵģ
ͷ˵ʵҲȥȷϣȷ֮а
˵ô£ߴٵ
ϷǱߵ˵С븽֣߻òѺ͵ˣֻǲ̫ȷΪЩѺ͵ʵǿҵ˲̫˵
룿
һ£ϹٷԱ˵һΪĵ򣡾ݵ伮أһϹʱʥǿߵĶֻǴûҵѣ
Ҽˣ
֮ͷǲǻйһĴ˵
ǣֻͬһ˵ˣ
ϹٷЦһ£ĵ˵ǹģϹŶǻûۼΨһȷľǣǱЩأҲΣգ֪ѾϰȥǱʧȥϢ֪
ôΣգ
üתʵ㣬ҪòȷϢ٣
֮ڰɣ
żҲ֪ı㣬˼һ󣬱ǻص
Ǻãˣ
ͷҵԸȥ˭һȷϢҿԴӦκһҪ󡣡
ãף
аٵһŵ϶캣ּ
һ˵춼òš
ǣҪȷϵϢȷĵصǲã
аٷİɣЩһ߾ȫ
ţã
ûٶߴʲôϾϿ϶ǱѪµץ˵ģܹõϢѾǳˡ
˵һȴиŮҴҵԺţϰˣˣɣ
ˣ
һ㶣Ȼһֱ߶ݣΪҾڲԶԵʣû˸¡
٣а٣ҳȥ
һɣҲˣ
ЦǺǵ˵ϹٷҲûԣܿǱͺһͬ棬ȻǳµһĻɫȴ˲


1284 ԬԬ
ͷŮǰվһӸģˣŮŮӸ˵ЩʲôǹӸȴһֱָͷĿг̰
⹫Ӹ󻹸ĸˣڲϵ壬һϿ֪ȻʲôˣںԺҲǴɢȥġ
ܲٿˣԼⶼۼ˲ٵˣһǶǹӸĸָָ㣬ЩȴƤĺͳǽһûЩԵŰ衣
ǵɫѿѣʲôǲԲͷĴ
û뵽ﾹᷢ飡
ס죡
һϹٷѿɫæǰȥȵ
ϰ
Ůæ򵥵˵һ顣
ʵ룬ͷѡΣ黹˵ʹβɷȴǲϰôصĶһֱԥ
ǸӸģĸſھŮĵһ¶̰ɫǺԥ߽ʼͬӬһɧţֱӳǹӸܵʲôƵģֿˡ
˵ǷǵҪͷ¹
ɺ԰ŵŮˣȻҲǰҪƽ飬ûǹӸģ˾ҲˣģֱһƵģΧԽԽǷ׷ײмĽ
¹
Ϲٷ˵ɫ
ŮˣϹٷϵΨһһ氮
飬ɩӡ
컺ʾͷ
Сߣԣȸ¹ǸȻӾͰץȥúõܣ
ûŮǹӸŲѵ˵
г֮⣬һ˫ĿεŮǰ͹µɨֱʮ֮ġ
󵨣
һɣˣҽǴȥ
ǣ
ڵĻ̳߰˸˺ܿ콫ӸڵΧɷ˵ıֱӶֿ⧲֮£ı˳ȥ
ǾȻҴ򱾹ӣҿ乷ƨǲ뿪ˣ
ǹӸŭѣĸĸʲôãȥӱ𣡡
ӣǻ߰ɣ
ǰʵǿǿˣ
ĸǲңǵÿһʵҪǿ
㣬ǡ
ǹӸòУҪ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬺񵱼ٲҾͷǣ
ããӻģҵţ
˵䣬һתҪ뿪
վס
ʱ򿪿ˣƳһۺ񣬡㣬˵𣿡
⡭
һţҪʲôȴûиᣬߵǹӸǰʲô֣
СǴĶðģӽʲô㡭
죬ǹӸŲѣָıӽɾһ˲䣬͵ץס΢һŤǹӸʱһҺԵ֮
һӣ㽫ֱŤϣ
㣡ĵ
ҽԬ˼æصΪʹϲ
Ԭ
ЦҲʲô֣˹ȥСʱ֮ڣûмĳҪĹûУ
ǣǣǡ
ԬͷĸҲæȺȥδҪʲôͲö֪ˡ
ⲢݳڣԪ½Ҫκˣκ
ԬĳһʥߣҲҪԷһĲҪ
ʵһԭ
ɩӷԷԸҲǰֵ̫ѪȣƾղԬĶ;ûܹȵ
ûˣλɢ˰ɣ
֣Χֵ˷׷ɢȥ
ŴűŤԬصԺϹٷ§ŷϵο÷ƽһЩ
ƴ磬Ҫǽ˰ɣ
űߵڵأʹԬЩǵҧź촽
ڵĸϹٷƺǵʲô

ϹٷЦЦ֪ڵʲôİɣµģҵŮˣѾûܹȵˣҪǶܸղǰ棬Һ޲ֱŪ
˵ϹٷŤͷ¶Ĳķ񰡣ôѲ㻹һ
һߣΣ
ԣ쵱Ц뿴ʲộȻţ
𣿡Ϲٷ㶵
˵û꣡
ƲƲ죬ĿǺϣǹճһĨаЦ㣬⼸ǲǵӱСˣ
⡭
ǻ̺ŵĳʣúЩҡ
俴һĨϰԵаЦľ
Ϊ캣˴󻤷֮һλаҲǺ˽ģÿаЦֵʱǾζ
ˣ磬¹ֲúģ
ʱ˵ϾҪ⣬Ҳõˣ˵Ƶ˵ˣǲǻҪ£鱨ͻʽ𣿡
ΣͿ˵ķˣ
һԺƵ鷢Ҳ棡
ла٣֪ˣӦŵ
ϸоԽԽǿѹúܵޱȼѡ
ʮӹȥˡ
ڵŮ£߽ʮӰĸǰ·Ļ֮⣬Ϊ׵һˣԬмֻ˲ٶѡ
ףңҰҪɱң
˵ĵԬ̴ȣƺкܶıƵġ

Ԭɫ˲ĿֱӹԬԬ֪Ȯӵ׷ʲô˶Ը
Ԭң
˫һУǲֻ֣Һ
֣ұѪ𣬵ȴҲû˵ǻʲӵԬҡ

ԬĿ⳯ȥǵʲôˣȻҶҶ֣
ŵĿӾͲ𣿡ͬ
ԬԵɱֱӳԿҲƲ磬Ȼһ֮׻˵úãᣬָıָˡ
ǳҵĵ̣
Ԭ죬ǾȻԵ޹ŪҶ󣬻˰ţҪ𣿡
ףɱǣҪɱǣԬҲԱʹŭ
ȥүȥˣ
Ԭ֣֮ǰĸʱ˳ȻȴЦͬǴ𣿡


1285 ԭǣԬľ壡
ͬǴ𣿡
Ļһ̻֣Ժſںܿı˶ʮˣԺˮйͨ
ԬһֺԺĻֻҪһ򵥵ĵǸ춼뿪
һﲻûκαǸĻʵ˵Ե޹ʶԬһֱһֺӣŵ̬·ͱø߸Ƶġ
̬Խ̼ŭ뿪
Ҫʲô
Ԭĸһ㶣ԬȴҲ˫ŭѲɣǻ֣Ҹ㣬Ϊ㣬ֻҸӶѣ
ôĿӣ
ԣȴЦԬҶ԰ɣô˵ֻ֣ҺңԬǴĶðģ
֣Һʲô˲ģѾˣԬҵ£
Ԭ˵Ҹ㣬û꣡
ۣôһеʱ䣬Ǻúõ棿
Цʼ磬漴ȴǺͷһתԬѲɣҵǱԬҸҵģǰϵԭҵ£㣿
ţ
⻰Ԭɫһ䣬Сӣ㵽ʲôˣô֪ЩѵҲ֣
ҵȷ˵ˣ
ûлشԬĻ˫΢еļˣôǱƵ̣Ԭˣ
㾹Ȼ֪ƣѵԬҲǷʵ˿̵һ˫߰۾ȻٵһĨء
ֻҪشǲǣ
ߣΣ
ԬŭСӣϱʵΪұԬȡ֮кβɣòҪԼ鷳Ȼһúѿ
ǺǣôҲ뿴ܸʲô
˫΢Уâһĵ㣬Ըӣȫҡɱˣ
ǣ
ԥӦŵȵˣ֣ɱ
ʱԺĶʮһ˽ѸײڶٶȳԬʮչ
ʱ䣬һиԬǱǵĸֲҺ
ʵã˽һ롣
£ԬҵЩǶ֣
һһ˲˲ŨѪϢ

һΣŵСףϹٷƻн˫ۣʮֵĲӦ
ƴ磬ҪôɱΪʲôͲܺúõദأҧűݣЩ
ɵѾͷ
⻰ϹٷԪΪӣ԰׵ɫ´Ѫɫڵֲ֮Ҳ֮ת˺ܶࡣ
Ҫסһ仰Щʱ򲢲ȥ£Լ㣡㲻ȥĻôܵ˺ľͽԼ˵ǣԼļˣ
Ϲٷ˵ɵѾͷҲΪЩȥ۵ĸɣԣΣնɱҡвǽõİ취
Ŷ֪
ƶǶĵ˵ԴȴԾɲ̧ͷǰЩѪȲҵΡ
ʮӺ󣬳ɫˮ˫ֵԬԬԬҵѾȫʬ壬ҲмˣԬҵΣȴҪõĺܶࡣ
ǰһĻԬôҲû뵽ġ
˸ڳҵϴɱ¾ȫûҷ
˿̵Ԭг֮⣬п־壡
ҵ̵ʵȻԬһҪǿǵӣһ㶼ĳһ˶ǣ
ĪǣȺʲô˵̣
ԬЩģ鶼ֵزҲ˲ˡ
Ԭľ壬ԬȴǸӵĲ俴ǰѪȵΣԬɫ԰ֱֽ£Ҳ֮ǰְš
ôڻ𣿡
Ԭ֮ǰ˵ˣɱ֮ҲȥѾȥ˺üˣȴʲô¶ûУ磬Ҽʶʶ
㡭̫Ԭŭ죬ҧгݵĵ
û´ĻӦû˰ɣϹأҲСʱʱ䣬˲ô˼ˡǸӶ˿¾߲ˣ
ҰСʱ˵㻰
ĻԬʱ۾һ

ʼ磬Ԭݺݵضһۣٵóһ鴫֪ں˭ϵԬ˵֮ʱĿ󣬶´Цݵպôȴ˿δ䡣
СӣŰɣǾ͵ɣһʰˣ
Ԭ˿±ʮ㣬ƺ˱ضΪǱһ㡣
ãҵţ
ʼ磬ĵ㣬ʰһ棬ô˼ҲǿˣһŵȰɣҵҪ˭Ϊǳ֣
ǣ
ӦŵԸ˽ЩѪȵһʰɾ˶ѵԬԬ£žصȺԬνԮĵ
飬ɩȻطȥϢһ°ɣ˵
ţõģɩӣߣ
ӦһȴЩԥϹٷƵͷҲǹԹԵظȥϢϾǵһοѪȣ˵һ˻ӵĲңڸʲôӰǿɾͲˡ
ԺУϹٷƣԼԬϸ⣬Ҳֻʣºһˡ
ֻǣҲڰ˼⣬ǱôͻȻðһԬҡ
ӸղԬЩԿԬҵʵǿݳһ塣Ŵ˿ԬӣѲĻʲôǿԮ
⸽ǿĿҲֻһˣң
˴񲻽ɫ΢΢һݡ
ʮӹȥԶĿ첽һŲԬ˺ʱɫһϲæȥܼҴˣ
˵䣬ԬҴææĴԬ߽Щȥ
߰ɣһȥŪôɨ
ЦǺǵ˵һ䣬漴ϹٷƣһͬԺվ
ʮˣǰһü뻨׵ߣмл̬֮˿Ԭس˵Щʲôʱĳָָ㣬˫и˸ޱĹâ
ߴߵǶվɫЩŹֵĵԬ˵ǣ
ǣǵģܼҴˣǲԵ޹ʴҶ˿ҷУҵȫɱܼҴһҪǸԬӦ
ǰǰԬҲ˵
Ǻǡ
ǹܼҴЦЦĵĺְܹ
ԣԣǵȷǺܹ֣ܼҴһǣԬæӦ
ģԣԲģ
ܼһɫҲ֮Ȼ˲٣Ԭϸ˶ʱ¶һĨݵЦݣĳȥƺѾ˲ҵĽ
ž
һ˲䣬һĶȻ
ֵǸܼңɱȴԬ
ܼҴˣʲô
Ԭǲ⡣
㣿㻹ģʵվ
ǹܼҴ˶ݺݵĳԬһۣ˲Ц棬ЩϥĿ첽ߵǰǷūŲμүүʾ£Ԭϸ˸õδã


1286 ԬңϢȷϣ
ү
ܼҳŶ̬ȣԼһүĳƺ˲ԬԬ𾪵ĵɴ˫ۣǱ޾Ŀ־ռɫ԰ףûиղֵ飬ӶڴʱԼͬĲ
ҵĹүʲôݣ
ƫƫԬԼ׳յ˳ҵĹܼҹԼⲻ첲Լ

ǰĳţ΢΢һЦ壬û뵽ǾȻˣ
ǰԼүԸһū̽ʬΣ˸ڣһֱƺΪ壬ȴҲ˿Խ
ţڳ֮еλܸߣǳƶҪΪһ塣
⣬ģ
ڳңͿ๦ߣȴʮֵģûκι߸顣
Ȱץɣһ˵ﻹЩҪ̷˵
ˣԬϸץȺү䣡
̻ͷԸһ䣬ԬԬӱ㱻һס˿ֵ̾һĵĻŵ˵ֱֱ
үʲôԸЦֻҪū֪ģūһ֪޲ԣ
ˣҾʣǱôȻðһԬңȻƺǼҲϹϵˣЦЦʵ
ԬֻһСѣ֣ҺұѪ֮һЩԴƺȻðͷģʵǿĲҲֻһԪѣֿ𣡡
һԣںǼҵϵҲūϴȥǱ߰£ȻˣҪǳң˵ÿ¶һķֳϽɣүҲ֪µģүķԸǽūԬһϸ⣡

Ħ°ͷǶ⣿
Ҳûж󣬾һˣүҪеܹǱ߷չܹиõǰ;
ˣȴֺȻԥĿ졣
Ǻǡ壬лֱ˵ǣЦ
ãūͶһ䣡
ŵͷүû뵽үȻ֣֣κͳһһҵ⣬Ԭදû̥УԬʵҪҲǼҳǽһˣ
ôԬôθڰҲ³
˫кâһֵ壬Ԭҵϵ᲻ʲôӰ죿Ǳ߿ɺý
ʲôӰ춼ûУһԬҶѣʮ˸һҲƨǣ
źԥЦүǱߣֻҪү΢һ£үҲᷴԵģ
ǺãǾɣϵԬϵκθҼԬҵˣɱ⣡
֣ԬԬӡ
ǰɣ
ĻԬϸ̿캰صģȫƵģ첻üͷһ塣
Ǳ죡
Ըһ̱˺ݺݴ˼⸸ӵĸӣˮѪĭһ³ܹǰ
ǽãһҪ󡭡˵
үԸźԥӦ
˲еһУȻǿԽǵļҲȫûգϣȥǱߵʱ򣬲ҪΪǵܵãŶˣҲ֣κ
˶٣ԬϸӵǾͿˣҶһ䣬Ҳ˷ʳ
ү˼ūˣүģūһհ죡źԥӦ
лл壡ذɣ
ǣūˣ
ų칰˹֣Ŵ뿪
ԶԶأԬϸ˵ŭԼԬϸӲϵİ
ǿϧˣǼȻôǾҪܺ
ڶ죬ݳǶһϢˡ
õĳҺȻԬңκ˸Ϊ˵Ϊˣݣ
Ԭҳױˡ
廹һ£ޱȱɢ
Ԭҵ˳ܹһȥ⣬˾ԱԬԬˣȴԴ֮κϢǵҲѾûˡ

ҹԺϢشվ㣬˵ģȷϾ룿
ǵģа٣
ͷӦҵϢԿȷϣ
ã̫ˣ̫ˣ
켤˵㣡ҵ壬οһȥֵܼǧҪǣ
ǣףӦŵ
ҽһɣ
ǣ
Ӧһ漴Ϣһһʮĸ죬Ҳʮϸʱʱüͷ
Ӻ󣬺˵ˣʳָô棬ǱѪµľݵ㣬ȫȷǱʵΣȴҲöСˣ
аٵ˼ǣȥһˣ
ɫһݣæаΧˣȻЩѪµ˽С㽻ǣαȥأ
ȥа
̾ҡҡͷѪµʵɲֵܹȵ˵ģټǱʮֹ죬¾ȥһǧˣҲһܹѪ½˵ģ
ѵû취ǵаգ
ȥһ⣬
Խ٣¶ĻҲԽСֻҪϾȳұ̳ˣڵʵѪʹǱߣҲһ׷ϣ
ҲҪȥ
µɲǣ˽Ǽᶨ
үɲܰѰ°ҪһȥҲ˽˵
ǡ
ˣֱЦãһֱ͵أǲǣ
硭ҲһҪȥȳ
֣ҪǲӦң֮ҾԼȥߺߣʱʲôΣգҿ۲ۣߣ
㡭
ͷߣŮھȻѧвˣ
ԱߣȻûٶ˵ʲôȴп˺˼
ڶʥʵڳһŵͷãǸţȵǱߣһҪҵĻ
ã
Ϳ񽣺ԥĵͷǺȴһֹӣԥһŵа٣ÿȥҲˣаٷһĻҪʲôΣգǡ
Ŷ
ûشǵЦҿɲǰŶǿ϶򲻹ҵأ
⻰񲻽һ
ԪڵʵҲǽԴŬɵġ
Ԫڶ򲻹ôλаٷ񲻳ʥǿߣ
ƺԼ뷨һòŵ졣
Ǻǡ㣬صģ
׺룬ЦŵȷԱֻ֮Ҫ̫ǿʥһͬǰκ⣡˵
Ȼ˶٣зһĨ̽⣬аЦ˵Խ˻ҳܣҲһֱ뿴Ĵ˵Ǽ٣


1287 ƶȶʥأ
Ԫ½ķΧ򣬻˵Ԫ½ûڶκһ
˵ڻԪ½ϷݵķΧڸϵĵطҪȥҲúķ̫ʱ䣡
ֻϧϷܹȥҲûжٴΣݵķΧΪİҪ˲ƵĻĿĵص궼ûУԴʱҲֻ÷·
ңǺܴģټϺλ񻤷ṩϢ˵ҲõĻɴ
Ӳݳǿʼһ·ûκͣļٷУܿǽ뵽ݵķΧ
ڶϣȽ϶ԣЩֻ࣬ڽݷΧ¶ҪԵĺ࣬һļ紺ů
Ϣһɣ
·һСɭ֣ͣ˵
ۣʵһЩЩ
һ棬ǽݣ𽥳ƽôҲҪСģ˭Ҳұ֤֮һûѪµ۾Ҫʱ̱֤״̬Ӧһͻ׼
һ棬鱾Ҳûôʱĸ·ΪŮܹôѾܲˣҲҪԽ˶ۡڿ񽣸쵣ģǰ˾ģԶԶҪθ·ࡣ
Ӱз£ɭУѡһطʱϢ
ûж˵ʲôܵɭҲΪûһħ޵ĺ
Ϣ֮࣬ȴüͷ΢΢Ϊɭ֣ûħ޻˵ùȥϾħҲÿһƬɭֶеģЩҲûУ
ͿȱĿרĻָӣ첻òֳ󲿷עȴʱ̾ܵһУûеΧְƽ˼ֹ졭
ݡ
ĳһɲǣͻأɫ˲䣬һâٳĺϮ
ৡ
ԥһڶǵ͵ϮâȴǺȻɫһݡ
ǵâǿʼƵģŴ˷âϮƿ֮ڶ·һҪŪѪƵġ
ৡ
ԥļٻ֣һƶٵЩâײһ𣬶໥
磡
ү
ʱͿҲۣЩâɫ˲ʱ䡣
û£Ǽָ
˾ҪæʱȴǺȻ

Ļ˾һ㶡
ҲǿЦãľУ쾹ͣеֵЩâĶâΧٳڵλüϮȥ
û£
쳯˰֣漴ûЩâһ㣬ĳΧȶ㣬òôϷŪҵ𣿻
ȶ㣿
Ļ΢΢һ

µɲǣâȫƮɢ˴һƷ֮⣬ûиȥκ˺
漴һޱȽĵӰԱ˳
һһڡ
׵Ů·¶ֳһ׵Уʳ˼̻ǰΪ֮һ
ڵȴƹ龫ֵħŮ½ǰ͹µľţɢȻħϢκһΪ֮Ķ
ŮȫַȴֺһƵģ֮С
ǣòƶȶ
ղЩͻϮâҲȶ
˵ȶ㣬Ͳ˵ң
Цѡâճֵʱȷһ漴оȶϢҲΪʲôͿ񽣲õĵԭˡ
ܵܣþòҿ࣡
ȶƺûǵĿЦǰֱӽ䱧ţһڡ
ѽ˼أûע⵽ҲڣãֽϹһڰɣ֮ȶһѽƿĸ첲Ϸʵĵ
ħŮӣֱ˿Цá
ȶˣ
ƶȶһۣȴǰ˱죬΢΢ĵܵܣүͷģ
ʦ
ʵҲƶӵľٶŪһ£漴ȴһ£ʦ𣿡
ʦĪˮΪ˾ƶ򵤣ڵ֮ѣȴȻӵ̻ɽѵϢҴҵĴиϻأʦȴΪϢ
һֱ춼ʦԾأ
֮Ԫ½£ּҴҵĻصߣʦǱҲûеõκϢ
ǵأ
Ļƶף˵ͻˣںͶ˶ڼȻү֪ܵҪ죬Һȶ㣬˵µıؾ֮·

һȴҲ˵ͷҲãƶȶæγɹҲ
ǵȻ
ȶͦͦǱ˶󣬰ŵҸܵܣɱСҺƶǵʵȻ㻹һЩúСҪǿŶ
С
һȶԿ񽣵ĳƺֻ죬ƶЦѣڿȴͷߣҪ췴ȶħŮ̽ͣӡ
񽣿Կ϶˵ֻҪҷԣȴıضȶǿԹơ
ǰѾϰˣСĳƺһ˦ˡ
Цƺͬʱȴֲ˫Ŀһݡ
ȶ˵ƶų񽣵ʵôҲӦʥϡ
Ϊϴοøʥֱʥ۷壬ʥҲһ֮ң
飬ȻԾʥأͬΪ֮ǰս˲ٵĶЩӵںȴǵʥ۷壡
ʥصʥ۷֮䡭
ĿŮƣȻǵʵ
էһǺͨŮûκ
쾪֡
ܵܣ˼ң˼һܺߵ
ȶ߲ѵĵͷ˫ֽ½ǣСŸڵš

ʱһۣħŮ֪ʲôк
ǵʵ⹦أûʵǾԿģ⣬Һȶڶʥأܵʥ۷ȷҪһЩƶ֪ɻ󣬵ЦŽ͵
ðɣ֪ˣ
ͷȴ־ȡ
ʵǾټô⹦ͻŻԵɺģƶȶʲôľܹ˿ٵ
ûǴĻϴμǵʱȴֻԪڵʵ
ԪڵڵʥأмĿԽŹȥ˶ʱ䣿
ǽߵŽЦգںȻһץ֮סͷȫ׵ʲô塣
ˣܵܣǸϽ߰ɣǲҪȥõı𣿡ƶЦŵ
òͷ˵İɣ
Ű
ƶͷֵү˵أ֮УҲõһλԵأ


1288 ȾѪ
ǸԵ
һҲ˫ԵüΪ
Եʲô
ʮֲ⣬ƶȶҲûж˵ʲôȶǿʼֱӴߴſ·ϾȻѾݵĵˣɾǱ߻Ų̵ľ롣
һ·УҲûʲô裬˳˾Ŷʮ￪һɽȡ
ǷԽԽƫƣʢʻţůĸоôҵƺת࣬ҪȳϵżҲƽ˲١
ȻҲ˵ǲżϣֻΪܻܹ֮аˡ
û£ܹ߶գҲǼΪģ
ܣϸֳһĨЦݡ
ͷ촽΢ĵǰ´ιʱ򣬴ѽ㣬ƶһ𣡡
Ȼƶָǳƣǰƶ
ţ
Цףʰ쵵ѤΣȷʺ̸˵
ʱ˿̣ϾֳһĨаЦźŮߵ龰Щ
յϯľ󣬸ûһô飿
ȴҲףҪĻǿȥǱߣϾȳȻʱϵԽҪ˾ȳѶҲ޶ȵ
Ѫµ˽תƣǾ͸ϼˡ
ιʲôȥ
׼߳ɽȵʱƶȴǺĿڡ
ȥˣص
ֱӹȥİ
ƶûڣȶȴƲƲ죬ôֱӹȥҪԼûеôأѲɣܵҲǰЩһֻ

ԣһƶЦݣԼȶǽæƶ㣬ȶ㣬ǲѾ˰취
ȻҪȻΪүͷǹǰ𣿡
ȶаָͷϵ˵㣬漴Цϸأܵܣ벻Ļ˵Ŷ㲻˵Ļô֪أ㵽ǲ˵
һĻȶǺ촽˵һͷԣЦá
ˣȶˣ
ƶЦõȶ漴ɫʵֻһͳƣΧһ޴ɽȻһЩɽĴڣ֮Ϊ֮ҲܹоŸΣյɽʲô˿֪ɽϰΣء
˶٣ƶ룬ȴҪھ֮Żִ
ôӡ
һΣ漴ֵô˵Ҫִ룬ͱҪȾ

ƶͷ˵ֻǲ֪ҪȵǸϵ룬еĳһǰߣǾҪӵģ»ûΣˣ
𣿡ףʵ
У
ƶ˼Ƭ̣ӦӦûѪµ˿أÿһɽǼΣգ֮ѹǱҪһӲ̣
Ѿ뵽ˣ߰ɣ·ƶ˵˵ǸÿһɽʲôģܾãܴӱϿô򵥣˵
õģߣ
ƶӦһ漴һ˱뿪⴦ɽȣǰǶʮ￪ȥ

ƶ˵֮һƬ಻ɽȥҲ֮ңֺܾѹֵĸо
ǵĿָоԽԣ˵ɫʱԽ䱾һ·ϻʱʱź«ȾƵĿ񽣣Ҳ«䣬ʱֵ׼
ھ
ָǰһɽͨƶ˵ȶȴǾֱ棬ƺĻʲôΣգ״ǼæϣСһǰУʱ׼ֵΣա
ڣĵһҲʽĿʼ
ƶһߣһ˵
ţ
ͷĹ۲Χ
¡¡¡¡
ǰ˴ӣͻأĴɽͨһװʱ˱ͣס˽Ų༱ٹľ޴ʯͷСǶδС
Щ¡Ǿʯɡ
ģ
侲˵һһֱͬӳ֣ԻâЩʯ׷׻鿪
䣡
һʯ飬ĽɱпٵĻ촷ۣʱ̳Χǵ߶ܵ˼Ӱ졣
ʯ޾һ㣬вѹ㲻ͣµ˼
ɱ
ڽĳһ˲һ󺰴ɱôǰ漱ٳʮӰŸԵԥչ˶ǵĹ˾ǣʯĹҲһ˲ͣϧľǸûдκ˺
ȻѪµˣ
˫΢Уƶ㣬˵ˣǽҪɱˣ
Ǿɱɣ
ƶŮպȻ࣬ԥĳǰʮѪ֮ӭȥ
ɱ
״֣֮
ȶ˵ƶֵɲǣϬһҲˡ
Ϳǽֻ࣬ϧı黷Ѿʧȥԣʱֻ˵ǱͨǿһЩѣˣʮѪ֮ˣȴԾɱʮ㣬û˿˼
ৡ
âϯʱýҺǳǰ߰˸Ѫ֮ʱ׷ĵڵϣѪӿǴ̱ǵѪϢҲ֮
ѪȵĴ̼ʣµѪ֮Խ
Ǻʧȥʶһ㣬Ϊһ߾ɱ¾ηļǳȥ
ЩԾ
ķһ㣬ȴһûͣɱ¾ľٶ
ɱɱɱ
ţѾЩѪȺУóǿʽһѪ֮˵˲ʱⱾ羰õɽȴȻŨѪϢ⡭
ֲҺ֮ڶЩѪ֮ȻʵлкüԪ˵ĹƣЩֻ˵һЩ΢ֿ漴ͺܿһ߾ʬ塭
񽣵ĳ֣Եʮֲ̡
ˣʹûһȫʬ
ΪϵİȫҲ֣ƺԿɱεָȥѪ֮ͬûһõģ
һεɱ¾Ϊ֮еĿʼ
еĵڶ͵ɽȫΪһѪȵɭ޵аľѪľݶȾѪ죬οҪˣŵಡɣ
ֲ̫ˣ
һֱʱȫȻɱ¾ͨɽİѪ֮УֻЩ˵ʵǿԪѣ˵˴ȥʲô˺ˣǵ½Ƕûô
ǲԪҲʵʵڵģ
һɱ¾󣬴ҵɫЩףƺüһЩ


1289 ɱ¾ϣ
ÿһ׶Σ
һ̲ƽϣм򵥻ָͬʱƶ˵Ȼ֪Ϊʲôͨÿ֮󶼻ӵһطϢ
֪һЩ
컷Χ˼˵û´ĻʵѪµ˿ƣ֮ǰǾÿһɽͬƺռ˼
ռ䡭
գգۣȻĵֲøղƺʱҾȻֹĸоһţԭ
Ҳֻ˵ˣƶͷ
Ȼȶȴֵǲ԰ܹΪʲôѪµ˲أѲﻹ𣿾ˣҲѪµЩЩطЩ߲ſԽɣ
˭֪أ
ʼ磬ȷһΰȫ³һɫ΢һЩ
ܵܣѽ
ʱȶǽĵ֣Щ߹ȥʱȶȴգ˫·˵Ĵ۾ҧź촽ܵܣԪĺܶأͲҺÿŶ

ħŮӣʱӡ
ߣô
ʶķӦȶʱίı˱죬ô½㣿
Ķ°
ٺһЦæȶ˵Ҫô㣿
˵أ
ȶգգ۾ЦеĵҿǶܵ˽Ŷ
ˣȶٶˣ
ƶһЦ漴һ״ƣ˶ʱһƶȶЦݵ΢һ
ãǣĸһŰɣ˵
⻹࣡
ȶһЦ漴˱Ǻܿһţÿһ˶ϥ
ߵǰһ䣬ǵﲿλľʱľ£ľʱĵɫȫ֡
ͬʱܵܵʲôƵģ罭뺣һ㼱ӿľڣͨľתĹٵ뵽ǰ飬񽣣ƶԼȶڣܹ÷ֱգҲʹǸ֮ǰԪۿɼٶȿٻָš
ȻԼҲˣ
ڴŰСʱҵʱȥָ̻۷״̬
ľأ
ȶһԾ𣬱ϿһڣЦ˵
ȶ㡭
ԥһջѡ񿪿ڡ
û˵꣬ȶȴЦŴϵ֪ʲôأô֪ľ𣿡
ţ
ͷڵȷʮ
֪˲ƶȶǣİˣ¶Ҫɱˡ
飬֮һ
¶ȥ²֪ж˻᲻ϧһеᣡ

ɻУȶصЦҿɲֹ֪ľأһ֪ڳľ֮⣬и飬飬飬ռأ԰ɣ

ʱ𵴣˫ͫȶµɲ˲ʱһ
ڽô֪ģɾʱܸŶ
ȶһתԾЦŶӵ飬ֻнƶ֪أүͷ˶֪

ɻӳƶȥƶ㡭
˼Ҳ˵ģ
һʱش𣬺صƶʱҲҧҧҡͷֱЦá
ܵģ¾֪˵ȥģƶο
˶٣ƶֵڻҪҵӣˮ飬ʱֻ飡㽫ӼԺͻ֪ԭˣڴ֮ǰôҺȶǶǲģ
ðɣ֪ˣ
ĵ˵ͷ漴ʲôڶָ˰ɣǼ
ߣ
Ļ̼ǰȥ̤ƺɲǣǱ㿪ʼе̡
ȻЩ⣡
ķ֣߳ƺһɲǣǲƺļ϶һǳĿռ
ţֿռҲΪʲôòƺޱȰȫԭ
ֻǾô£ڵʵͶ˽⣬ŪֻͨﵽʱŻһаɡ

һ·У˶ʮֵľ֮ǰһֱڿ˵ħŮȶ˿̶
˲ʱңǰһµɽ𽥳ǰ
ˣ
ƶһ˵֮ǰ˵ÿΪһ׶ΣΣո࣬صģ
ţ
صͷûٶ˵ʲôᳯǰɽȥ
ɽʣɽ֮ȴֻù˲䰵Ƶɽڣһ㡣
̧ȥ·ޱȷĵ׵ѹ֮УɽʱҪǰɽ֮·ǳɭ֮Уһͷ͵ħԼš
һֲĸоĵɫȻĻֵǼӿٶȣ
˲䣬ٶӰһ㳯ǰȥ
ۿżɹɽ֮·ʱǰĳڴȻһĻ֣ɽʼ¡¡죬ʱɽϵĿÿֱӻؽâ޾ƿ֮ڵλϮ
ô£
ɫ˲䣬æЩâסһȴǳ
ɽâһֻηĻô϶Χĳ󷨣
ܹ춼޲󷨣ɴ˿֮ǿ
󷨣ôһֲ֪ν͡
໥֮תҲҪĳתĽʣľ𣬶
Ψнľȴûйľ˵
ϡ
ΧĽ֮Щâ
ȻȻĹƵȷ˳Ծһ£ڷӦ֮Щâ𵽵Чλõĸ׷Χûܽӽ
ԣⲻ󷨣
˫һУһϸϸ͵۾оâ˸ɽȥ
âЩδʧǼĲϼĽâ
󷨣ܹľתḶ́ôһâ֣ľԵľ϶Ҳ֮ʧ
󷨣ô϶Ϊˣ
ۣһ߲ϻǧýɢЩâһü˼š
Ϊ
˴춸Ȼƶ㣬ȶ㣬ұ飡񽣣
ãԼСģ
ͬʱͷȻǲ֪ȥʲôȴҲδʡ
񽣣ߣ
кһζȻԭʧ񽣽󣬵ٴγֵʱȴѾɽϡ
ֿ
ȵ漴ǧýʮâǰԶЩľȥ
ϣ
Ȼ˾֮⣬һĻκλɣ̻ؽ̩ͬɽѹƣΧľǿնȥ

ʱͿ񽣵ĽâЩľʱԭľʱ쭳ѪľҲ̱һѪ֮ˣǷеһҺ漴һ߾ʬ嵹ء


1290 ɱ¾£
ЩѪµкܺõĲ䱾£ִϿľ켰ʱ֣½˶ﱻ
ҺϣͿ񽣵ĹУһÿľ±ˣȴֽʱΧٴӳޱŨѪϢ
·飬ƶȶŮҲʱ࣬һۣͬʱڿգ˵Ѿʼ˿ɱ˵ľٶ
һѪ֮˱ɱǱĽâҲȫȻʧ
ЩѪ֮Ѿ˲ˣܹǰסֲġ
ֻϧɱ¾УǾܹԼӵֿʵȴҲ𲻵ʲô̫õãһûһҿԡ
ܰ
֪˭ȻͷȥʣµѪ֮˾Ƿ׷׽ͬɱٷһ㣬Ҳ
Ҫģ
ܣ
״ȴ˫âһʱһʮ׳ľ޴âֶ޾ƿ֮ЩܵѪ֮˽׷ȥ
ˣҲ׷ױ˸ӿֲĹơ
ЩѪ֮˱ʮɱֻϧʵǲ٣֮дʱɱ˰ٶ˺ܹ׵ˣ첻һ̾
еĵɣ
Χǿ϶Ѿ˶ԷȻˣǾ͸ɴ಻ڵģɱȥ
ԣ͸ˣ
ȶԥĵͷӦƶûж˵ʲô
һʼɱ¾ڣİٸѪ֮УûԷǲйأ
ɱȥ
Ǿ͡ɱɣ
ǰס·ĹĻɢ˺ԥĳǰȥƻӰһ㽫Եٶ˼¡
ˣôȴǵıǵ
ͬһɽ֮ǰĸɽȴһֱѩ֮УȥǰããһƬ޴ڵı亮鲻ԽĶ̴һ
ô
ɲѣϷôֱܻ֮ҪѲҲʲô죿
϶еģΣҲ϶Уֻǲ֪ôֵİˣԴҪСģУǧҪԵ޹ʵȥΧκζȻ
ƶӿ˵Ȼû˵꣬ػôҶ׷׵˵ͷ
ߣӿٶȣ
˫һУٴ˽ĵӰѩУûκκۼν̤ѩ޺ۡ
ء
ĳһɲǣɽںȻ¡죬ѩ鼱׹䣬ǲòŻٶȽжܣ˾ȵһĻˡ
Щѩڵϵ˲䣬ֱӳһѪ֮ˡ
Ÿָıڸһֵɲǣ㳯ڵλɱȥ
ٶ죬ҺƿΧǱѩΪһƵģνǹ
ϣ
ӽ񵲣ԪӿǧýϾϯʱùѪ֮˷ȥû׷ȥɱǵξǷɿ뵽ѩɽУʧ
ô£
״ʱһҲ˺ȫһü˾֡
ֹΣǻǵһ
ѪµӦ˲ֹı£
ƶղЩ˵ʵȫԪֹ칦Ƿʤܹһɱ
һɱ
ƶĻǾɫһݡ
Ԫôˣټ˹ĹҪһɱͿ񽣶Щġ
϶ԣʥ۷죬ʥؾƶȶȴӦòʲô̫⡣

ţͿվм䣬ҴͷƶȶߣǼǰߣ
Ҳֻôˣ
˷׷׵ͷͿ񽣿ЦãǺôҲʥʵھȻɱĶ
ȻҶСĵ㣬Ϳ񽣣Ҫʱע⣬ûܹһʱɱԷǾҪֲϣȡЩ˻ȥĻᣡǳ
ţף
ãߣ
İţ˼ǰУͬٶȼ죬Ǵ˿ȴҲǽȫɢ˳ȥʱ̾Χֵܳ״
Ȼڲӵʱ䡭
ܵİѩٴμʮӰ˷Ϯȥ
ɱ
˫΢УȻ˫ӡȵƽն
ɲǣһʮ׳ĽâžŶƵĲֶ
ϡ
ء
ʱƺߣɽд
ұ
ţȳǾŶȻѿ
ÿһ䣬ΧкüٳѪ֮ˣ
ƵĺȻըȴЩͻϮɫ˲䣬˱ǸԵӺȻըѣѪ׷䣬ããһƬƽ޵Ѫ죬ŵѪɫ÷һ㣬ĿҲ𽥱Ѫ
ͬʱƶȶŮĽȫУѪ֮ҲҺһʻʧûһҿԣ
ʱ׼ŶֵͿȫ
˵ûǶ֣ʮѪ֮˱Ѿòˡ
ߣ
ͻϮһû˿ԥһ֣Ǽͷǰ·ż˼ǰȥ
·Уǽ˺üһͻϮ֮ˣٵʮĸϰ٣죬ƶԼȶ˵ǿƳУЩ˸ûκЧͿͬҲǸûκγֵĻᡭ
ڣӱѩ½˴õĻ
ҲˣŨѪȫȴԵɱȻ
ͨеǰÿһżΪѪȵɱ¾ЩѪµֵǮƵġ
˵һ·ƺϢļʱ䣬ûһ㰲Ͱȫʱ
ǰ滹е͵
ƶܵܣľǴҶָһ£ǲͣҪǰߣ
ãһȾ䣡
ͷڽʮӵʱ䣬̽ƶȶĵĶǿٻָͿΪ֮ǰδô̫ĳģ˵ĻָȴҪٺͼ򵥺ܶ࡭
ˣ
ƶۣǰɽ
ÿһһɽĵΣĻȴǸͬͬղŵֱѩһ㣬Եĳϡ
ΣǶҪȥ
һǵͷǰǵɽȥ
ţ
Ȼ˸ոɽʱǶЩɫŹֵĿΧ
ɽȻû˿⣬էȥͬͨĵһ㣬ʱʱĳûǸоκΣյĴڣ
ô£
׻˵úã³ΪҲǷֿûκĻ£ǷǸӵľ


1291 
һ߹ɽһ·̣˿ûзκΣգ˸ɻѣѵûΣ
˵Ѿ֪ˣ
һ˵ܣ
ڵʵ˵ǻԪ½ˣУҲûжܻڲ֪ĳΣ
ǣԷ֮Գ֣αҲȻ
̫ˣ
üͷһ߼ǰУһʱ̹۲쾯ܣֱۿǵɽĳھǰ׿⣬ԾûκΣճ֡
ЩѪµ˾ͷ·ȻԴ˿̿żִڣ˶΢һ
ȻһɲǼ䣬һĴ
ৡ
ʱפ㣬𣿡
ţˣ
˷׷׵ͷǾͬʱȴҲòϣȷΪƿһ㣬һնĸо
ô£
ȶΧ촽΢ŵĵѵǻֶɱǲɣ

춸Ȼɫ˲䣬ͺСģйŹ֣
ʲôйŹ֣
Ļüʮֲ⣬ƶ΢΢һ
ͻأģȻע⵽Ϳ˵Ŀ⿪ʼ𽥱죬µϢҲüΪȣƺһּơ
ã
춸Ȼɫ䣬æԪס˫ٵͿ󣬷ֱֵסĺ󱳣ͬʱԪٵڡ
飬񽣣һ
촽΢ţȴֱӴ
̺ԪټԪĹ䣬ǶȻһɫŤ˫𽥷ĺɫ˿Ҳڲϵ˸ʱǿʱͬڽĳּѵƵġ
ƶȶһۣԥĻΧһ磬Щȫ⡣
ۡ
ͬʱͿȻ³һѪ˵ɫһ˲ò԰ֽ
ǿģ˫˿ȴ˺ܶࡣ
ҡôˣɲѡ
˵ȶ񣡡
ʱӴԪĹ䡣
ͷǺܿİȶҲˣǲ԰׵ɫҲǻָ˺󡭡
ߣ
һкƶȶһ󣬱ǷֱץͿ񽣣ǰߵĳȥ
ߣ
ƶȶŮæϣܵĽҲһֱ֧ţǺܿͨɽΪȫĵش
磬ղŵô£˼⣬ôԵ޹أ
ǰүҲ벻ףôǴĶðģžеκģҲԴʵ
û´ĻһĻ
ݵ伮أϹʱĹֶΣ֮ϣ޸Ƽȥأ˷ʤЩͱͳΪ֮һ֣ǵ˻Ĺ죡

Ļȶʱ۾һˣҲ˵ֻγɲҪ˿ƣֻҪǴﵽĳԶֱ֣ɱΣ
ǸղšƶǶĵͷʵ
Ĳ֪ô£϶ǻɣ
صӦһ·̣Ὣ
Ŷ̫أˣǼ߰ɣףֵ
ã㲻Ҫָһ£أƶĵĵ
أ
Ҳã
ͿҡͷƶףãǼӿٶȣǰֻҪ˵ôͿǰĵĺúϢһˣ
ţ߰ɣ
˱ǰȥ
ɽǺ͵ͬһֲܾЩ仯֮⣬ͬûκһΣտԣ
Ȼ˵֮ɽУȴǸӵСͿΪ˱ٴУԪס˫
ԾҶȵȣ
Ȼͣסɫصĳȥ
ԾʲôԾ
ȶͬСŮ죬ȴҲûдĹ۲졣
ϸΧ˳ȥȴʼûз˵κβԾ֮
硭
ס֣ɻ

΢΢ճһߣ˵ĹעĿУ͵ĻִһԪ
ৡ
ԪֱӹԱߵʯͷӴɲǣǵԪȴƴһ㣬ֱӴʯͷм䴩˹ȥǿʯͷȴ˿δһļûУΨԪ˲䣬ʯͷ渡ֳһˮư
ô£
˫ۣ߹ȥɴ֮ʯͷĴȴʮƾۺͽӴȫоκεĲԾ
һĻ˾Ǿ֡
󣬲ǺĻ󣡻߿˵һģĳֻȡӶ޷֪
컺˵ղſ񽣿ȥǿʯͷʵȴĳʯͷչǰȴһ󣡡
ԽԽԺˣ
Цѵҡҡͷƶȴ˼˼ŵûǴĻܵ˵Ӧֶת󷨰ɣ
û뵽ƶ㾹Ȼ֪תأͷЦ˵
ʲôһ֪أȶƲƲ˵ƶһݸ
硭
ıֻȴڰ֣ԺҺϸͣ󷨣
ޡðɣ
ԹԵĵͷȻҲ֪ﲢ˵ô໰ĺõط
λڿգ˫ֿٵӡ㿪ʼٳڵλӶʱƵģ²һ˲ֱӵϡ
ʱһһĹȥ˫ָ⸽һʵʰƣޱ֮С
ƣ
Ȼâȳ
ʱָ˲ܿռ䣬Ҳһ˲䣬ֻÿռѣĿѷ첻ӣƲһ㣬𽥳ܸӶȥ
¡¡¡¡
ռѿʼĺХһַĵôҶĿĽһһ
γ˴ӣֻΧռ֮ӿԭ۵һлȴǶȻ˼£漴

쳤³һλƮ¡
磬ɹ𣿡ʵ
ţ
ͷһ߽ľٻָһ˵ǼĲĵɽȲ˵ģߣ
Ϊ˷ֹٳʲô⣬̳ǰȥҲǸϽϡ
ҺãǺ˳ͨɽǻûκãҪѪЩ˼ˣضᱻòаɣ


1292 յ룬֮˵
֮ǰͨһ̲ƺϣɢһΧˮ£˲һ·ƢĸоƵģʮˬ
磬Ǹ󵽵ô£
յߣԴļϣΪĵҿŶûʲô仯ǰȫһģһôƿأ
ʣҲƶ룡
ʳ֮ҲĽĿϡ
֮ϣǵȷȲ죡
ʵȫˣ
ǺһЦԵЩ˲Ǹɽһ¶ѣֻҪľǽ½ҿͿ¶ʵĻˣ
֮ǰ˵ʲôĳһĻγɻҲˣʵ
ش֮ǰȸ㽲һ¶ת󣡡
裬ٸӣǼ򵥵˵
ǰ滭ȦָߵĻԵҸ¶ת󣬵ұǸȴͬһȻ໥Զת֮ұڵĻԻķʽߣֻҪұǸƣҲͻһֱڣ
ô
龪ȵŴ˺촽
ֹˣ
ǺһЦʲôɱĻô취룬Ȼ»ᱻֱĥ
ǸղǸأסȣʵ
ղǸֻ˵һдƷ
ʼ磬ƲЦͶһֻ棬˲ٵĿռֻ֮Ҫ˿͸һ㣬׽ƿܹģҲֻһЩֻ֪һ֪ǰˣ
ǲ㹻ˣ
һЦźεİĽ
ˡϢһ£ȻǻѹҪȥأ϶ҪǰѺܶģЦǺǵĵ
ţ
ԹԵͷʱ˶׷ױ˫ۣ֮ܵǰĵһжڻĻָš

ôܣ
ͨĵھɽš
ƶȶԼҲˡ
ǵɽ֮ĲƺϻָϢ֮һ˱ȥԭеļȴδ֣ЩѪµ˶ʧӰ١
컹Ϊʲôıһֱȵǰȫͨɽûκ״
⻹ֹĵڰھӶɽҲˣû˿ΣգȫȻͨ
һʱ䣬ͨߣڰˣԼھɽտʼһʱ仹ҪһЩǼֱš
ѵѪµ֪סǣ⽫ֶ˻ȥ
ɲѵ
֪
ҡҡͷΧΣԾɺͷԡ
ˣˣǾȲЩ
鰵˦˦ͷ˵ǻǿ߰ɣȻҵıʲô⣡
ţߣ
Ҳûԣǵǰȥ
ƶȶֱߣֹʲôͻ״֣ڿ϶ҪģͷȴʼշڱؽĽһҲʱ׼֣
Ļһȡ
ȴģ·ĵ׾һԽǿҵȶȣ˻֮ʱɫزѡ
ˣǰˣ
ʮӣƶָǰǴ̫ߵɽ˵
ɽ̴һƬľïܲѣ˿κ⡮롯
ƺ룬ƶһЦȥǾˣ
ţ
˵ͷ漴ʵһȥ
һ·ϣʮֵ˳ûκΣգѪеκһ˶ûͬȻȫʧƵģֱɻ
룬ʱĻУȴϯ·ͬǱһ㣬оһо뿴ȫͬ
ô£
˸Ϊ⡣
˭֪أ
ȶ磬Ʋôָ֣£Щľĺܺãһ㶼ûпήƣҰǿǱߡ
˵䣬ȶָķھ˴ĴŰ׿⣬һͬߴͱڣʮؿһٲˮ׹·ˮ̶˿оΪ¶ˮӣ
⡭
ǰһĻƵ߸˵֪һ㣬춼ǿĿࡣ
ڿɲЩ
ҧ촽ĵҾڵʲôط
ߣ
عæһͬɢȥÿѰҲͬķ
ڿȥûʲôΣա
һʱ֮󣬴ҶѰһ飬ûҵκιϵټ
˵֮ǰ컹Ҫ봫˵ˡ
磬⡭⵽ô°ѵطˣǵǵĵıѪµ˴ˣһټ°ɣңǲӦĻ֮ǰɱôѪ֮𣿡
飬ȱ𼱣
켱æȰοǴһϸңҵǲƭǵģ
ðɣң
ҧŴͷ󣬱ٴγԱȥ
һѰҵĽȴԾʧˡ
˵ֻڳ˶ΪʧǾͲûнƤֱӷԾû˿֡
ô£
üͷŻ캣˹˵Ϣƭ
ǣǼϢôһָȥأ
ǿ
˼ʱȶ̧ȥȶվڰ׿ٲ·ˮ̶ϣϳԼ֣ŪЦá
ĪǵʱȶħŮȻˣ˼
ȶ㣬㡭
ĺһ߹ȥҪ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬶ȻһɱĺӺγһֻƵġ
ǰǺȴܹԵĸоֲֿ¶ȵȡ
⡭
죬ڳ˶סˡ
û´ĻӦһµı֣
ƶ˸ǻ۵Ĺâ
£һȴ˼쵽ˮ̶Уоִ̹ǰı䣬鲻ԽĴһ
֮䣬໥ƣȴ໥ںϣ
ƶΪͬҲΪϢ

ͷȻ뵽ȥˮУǸĹΣҲ໥ӳģһĽ
ǡ
Цһ£ƶ㣬ȶ㣬ʲô£Ҫҵı㰡ѵˮ̶𣿡

ƶԣʱҲһЦ
ȻȶȴһЦǿɲһŶղҷˮ̶ЩԾֻûȥˣ߻˵أ


1293 ̶׿ռ
ȶĻ˾һ㶣иֳһĨȲɫæȶ㣬ģ
Ǽ٣ǽȥһ̽ˣȶָˮ̶Ц
ԣԣ
ͷڴĿ졣
Ҳֻнȥˣ
ˮ̶¶ȼ֮ͣǰǸܵȫּ£ԣҽȥ֮һСһЩԪԼܵ˺
ţ
Ļ˷׷׵ͷһתԪΧγһ̷֣Ծˮ̶С
˻
һȥԪֵıֱ仹鲻ԽĴһ
û°ɣ켱æ
û£
Ȼһ㣬ܳܣ
˷׷׻ӦŵͷǺãǼǱסһɢȥ֣
ǣ
ܿ죬һ˱㻺ˮ̶·Ǳȥ
Ϊˮ̶ڵԵʣܵĹ߶谵˲٣Խ¶ȣǲòʮֵľ
ңһ·ǱδκΣգʮӺ˳̶ס
һ㣬ˮ̶Ҳ湻ġ¾ΪԵʣǵٶȲǰʮӵǱʱ䣬֤ںˮ̶ǧ֮
ܵĹ߾ѾȫڣǴҶо̽·Ļ¶һĨڵıϹӡ
⣬¶ȱ֮˲٣Ԫֶ𲻵̫õãҴҵʵҲΪ¶ȼͶǵʵʲô̫Ӱ죡
̶ףһȥ󣬾ǷķΧΪ㣬ҲзԲףֱǴôСһˮ̶Ǳġ
һң
촽΢ͨüɢ˿ȥ
ԼСֳһ򻺻ȥȻұⷽԲ׵ĵ򣬳һЩˮݵˮֲ֮⣬ֻһЩʯ֮ĶˣûκһϻѪ֮˵ټ
ô죿
ʱңٴһ𣬸Ե϶ԵЩʧ
ѵϢˣʱ춼Щɡ
ԣ
ȻܿȴϢˣôѪµḶǧǣȻԺûѪµ˳֣ǰȴȫͬûбѪµȻȫʧ
ٵ
Ļ˷׷׵ͷұһηֿ
һεϸÿһ棬ÿһˮݣɽϵÿһʯͷѲʮϸûзŹκһ򡭡
ڣʮӺ󣬺Ȼһ¡¡̶֮𵴣˵ĿⶼԴ֮Ҳǿ񽣴˿ڵλȥ
үҲ֪ô£ֻ˼ʯͷѣЩίĵ
ˣû˹㣡˵ǻҪлأ
֣ǰɽȥһ¡ĴɽѾƱʲôƵģسɢŲ˵ߵУһ֪ͨĶչ˳
ߣ
ûж˵ʲôǺһͬǶȥ
˾һĻˣһ˲붴ڵʱ̶׵ˮƱһ㿴ĸĤסһµȫûһˮ
ΧԪ֣˵жεľȡ
ܹ죬Сĵ㣡
˵һͷǰȥ飬񽣽棬ƶȶͬҲǴʮֵľ
ڵ·խʯھͬƵƽȻΪģټûʮױһŲ̫ҹң˵û˾סǿ°׳նţ
УƽͨȴۣȻԾûһӰ֣ȴɲ˿и
ףڣĸӺ߼һģһĶڣͷʵ
ɣ֪浽ʲôΪ˰ȫҲֿܷ˵
Ǿߣ
ãߣ
ѡߵĶڣڰȫǰʮӺȴһʯУ߰˰˵ĺüڲ֪ͨηûǶ˵ʲôȻЩӿӰһ˫ĿĳŸǼϮ
Ѫµˣ
˫һУ֮ǰһֱûѵǾǣ
ôأɱɣ񽣰γؽ˵
ɱ
ͷ漴˱̳ͬӿѪ֮ӭ˹ȥ
ЩˣȻڶ࣬ǿʵԾֻԪǸ⣬ʵ͵鶼ʥأҪɱЩ˸㲻ʲô̫⣡
ৡ
һϮǳǰļѪ֮˵Ǻȴòֹͣȫκξļһ˫˫Ѫ˫Ѫħһ㣬ƺȫɱԶͣ¡
ô£
üЩ˾һ㶼ӣҲʹ
˵䣬ǧýնǰ˵ĸ첲ȴɫûһ£ƺϵĸ첲ӿѪǵƵģϮȥ
ˣɱ
˦˦ͷ϶ѪµĳйأȻ̫ףⲢܸǵɱ¾ȥκӰ졣
ʱ˶̷Ҳһֻ΢֮ɱһǵɱ¾ңЩѪµ˸ǵһ֮С
ȥּ֣
ȥţȼ
ȥ˫˫ţſ죬ͦ˫ѪƺҪҧ˵һƵġ
ֺηľٶɱ¾ͬʱȴҲЩľ
ǵɱ¾УЩ˾ôʹȴҲûиǴȥʲô˺ǽء
ע⣬ֱӿǵԴ
ƶȻ˶ʱȻұܿĸı˹ʽһâƣЩѪ֮˵ԴϮȥ
ǱֱŪ׷룬Դâкֱӱ
һĻĻޱȵѪȣʯҲ𽥺һŻɺѪ
ֻҪϵЩѪ֮˵ԴǱ֮ǰô鷳
ԣɱ¾˵ȴ˲١
İڲʮӵʱ仯һ߾ʬ壬һֱȵܵͨûѪ֮ӿ֣ͣȴκ̫ƣ
Щʵ߲Ԫˣôǹأ
ԣ
ģƶü΢ĵΪʲôЩڹһѵǱˣ
ƣ
һƶ㣬˼˵Ѫµ˹ұ㣬Ϊľɱ磿
ֿܣ
ƶףǲΣҲҪһߣһߣˣܹа˸ͨҪѡȥ
У
û˿ڣҡͷòҪֿѪЩ˵ļƣ䣬ʵͣ˭Ҳ֪ͨ浽ʲô


1294 
Ļ˵磬ûµģҲʥ۷ˣô򲻹Ҳܰɣҡ
УԲУ
û˵꣬ҡͷϵû´ĻӦѪµľݵ֮һط
Ҿܵ˵öԣ
ȶҲԱ˵ãżҵ⣬Ҫ˵ʲô飬Ǹ鷳ˣ԰㻹ܵܵİɣ
ðɣ֪
ҧŴͷȻĹʮָжȴҲһֶʵĿ

ȶ۾һתЦҺƶȥ̽̽һȥһܹͨҲͰ˸ѣѲǶ೤ʱģʲô֣ôϵ
ã
˼ŵͷ漴˱ֱֳͬͨȥ
һΣܹ̽ĴΣԽ˸ͨȫ̽
ǣϣһʱ֮ȴʧˡ
֮ǰӿİٸѪ֮⣬ͨȻûκη֡
׼ȷ˵Ҳûз֣ΪÿһͨľͷʮϰٸһģһʯÿһʯжѪ֮ĺۼһЩΰʺʹ齵Ʒ֮⣬
ֻ˻ȥȥһұߵĶͨˣ
ƶ˵Ҳ׷׵ͷ漴һ˱㰴ʱ·ԭ·أܿصǶѡһ֮ͨʱԥĳұ߶ͨȥ
һΣȴѪ֮ˣһޱȹĻ塣
кȻʯĻأҲдϷȻ׹ʯ飬ǽºȻݵĵ棬һеһжֱ˷ʤǶСģоյͨһͨ
Ҫǻʥµ˹¾Ԫ۷壬ҲǾһ
ȶǱ˶󣬺촽ŵĵҺãǿɲһأǸô죿
ͨͨ󣬳ڴǰȴ֮ǰʯһڹĴڣ
Ȼ̫󣬵ȴȸСȫ⹬Ȼװεʮֺ˲üͷһ壬ϾЩʱԽÿĶԽΣա
ֲˣȴˣ
֮ǰЩѣվ⹬ſڣȴǲû̽ȥ˼
ΣʼնҪģ
쳤³һȻϹأǰ棬ƶȶעһ±Ϳ񽣣סκζҪ
ţף
˷׷׵ͷҲٶԣǻǧýУǹһֱ򿪵Ĵȥ
ߣ
˽棬µŵ㶼̤ܹ֤԰ȫĵط
һʲôΣգҲܽΣս͵㡣
Ȼӽ⹬һֱһЩȣǾȻûκܾ׵һкΣգȴ·ͰգʹǲûзɣԽľ
֮ͬǰ
ڣڻʮʱ䣬ϻذȣһȴһͥԺڡ
Ǵˮ̶̶ףȻŲκһͥԺĸװΣԿһСͻŸɫĻܣܸһÿľïܵӾʮ㣬ֱǴ֡
Ҫ֪κﶼ벻ҫ¶󣬷ô˵Ȼˡ
ԣڼһĻɲǣ˾֮⣬ǺܿǾ
Ҳһ˲䡭
ৡ
ৡ
Ȼâ˷˼ϮȥǻֵʱЩľݾ̱ϰٸֱֳеѪ֮ˣ˲ǽȫΧ
ͬʱͥԺ˷Ҳ֮ӿˣһ֮ǰһͨʯ֮ǰ㣬˫Ѫ죬κθ飬ֻжǲݵɱ⣡
ҵģ
һֱӳǧýǰѪȺȥ
ৡ
ţҲˡ
ٸѪ֮˵İΧУǽʩչ˼£ÿһεĹضһѪ֮˵ĵ
֮ǰľҲò˵ҶЩ˵ͷϡ
һԷǼʮ֮࣬ʵĸǿͬɱٷһ㣬ϵոЩѪ֮˵ȻȻϣЩ˺֮ǰȫһʹֻҪǵͷ­ǽ˫˫ȫնȥҲǻҧķʽ
һĻֱôҶ
ɣЩѪµѾúɱ¾ûʲôˣҲûκ֣ɱǻ˵ҲһҸĽѣ
ֻǣȺ˵ʵҪ֮ǰǿһЩɱ¾ͬʱҲԵЩƣۣʵ͵飬켰ʱ֣ڼԪ֮˵Χ¶Ҫˡ
Ϊڵ⣬ҲҷųʲôУˮ̶ݣǿǾʵǿҲñ
ɱ¾ֻһһȥһȴҲǵĴ˲٣ڼΧУĸǳɱӡ
ʵǿڴŰСʱ֮һѪ֮˱һ룬һ
ǽʱڣһһ飬Ծûκη֣֮ǰɱЩ֮⣬ﾹȻһ˵ˡ
ҲǺջΪ⹬дԵķ֮ĺۼ
⵽ô°
»صǸͥԺУüͷ˼⡣
ѵץϲΪ˶Ըܵܣ֮ǰɱЩѪ֮˵ĿģҲɱ㣿
ƶ˫˸žâŵôΣҲֻֿˣ
ƶĻ˵Ŀⶼ׷׿ϡ
˶٣ƶһܵõϢҲѪµ˹֪ģĹϵȻ˴Ƕǽϲصط
ȷֿܣ
ͷӦ캣ǾԲϢ󣬷ϱа١
ԣƶԵȷе
ƶ㣬һֿأʵ
ڶϵȷǱѪµҲ֪ǻӪȣҲԼˮ̶ڵĸֻصסǣΪʱЩִ٣ǲòʱ䣬ܹϴæ룡ƶ˵
ʱ䣿
һȻƶ˼˵֮ǰоѪµΪĿֻǴұܣ

ƶͷӦҶԿȻЩܶ࣬ʵǿĲԪڶѣܵܺѪ´˺ཻܶǲ֪ܲܵܵĴʵôҲЩԪڵɣɱܵܺǣûмʥôܣ
ڶֿˣ
Ħһ°ͣˣʵΪأ
ѯĿУҷ׷׵ͷȴһЦͷӦү˵ɶɶģ

ڿ񽣵ĻشֱۣҲʱ֣ȻǼϸһ£ܹʲô˿


1295 ˮǻԵ
ĻƶȶԼ˶ɢȥ
ɫȴʮѿԭΪ˴֮пԽϴѪµоȳϾ̲Ѿ𣬸ɺλʦҲҲ˱̲ϣ
û뵽ԭϣȻڳΪ޾ʧ
ҪܹŹأ
ɵŮˣ
һ̾˶磬§뻳Уİɣ㲻µģĳʲô飬ѪµҲôǵʱ䣡
ǣʲôطܹѪ¿еģ
ʱʣЩʡ
ǰҲ⣡
ЦŵͷεĵҲҪңұѪ˵ôȻ
ˣû˵ȥҲͷ
ûôڱֱ̲ӱɱˣܸ¾Ԯʱͻᣡ
ǣǡ
˲۽ǵˮ磬ܹȵȥ𣿡
˵ʵҲȷ
ҡҡͷɬĵģǻȥ֮ϵˣȡٶȽȳϣϣüɣ
ţ
ҧź촽ĵͷ
ʱЩͬԵú
ΨһϣҲֻܼˡϣϣܹɹȳɡ
§飬ûƶôȥңǾվŻİ˶ůܹ𽥰ģܹ֪߻ˣ
˾ӵŹȥ˴ŰСʱͻأĿ񽣵ŵŵŵĿ˹үٷˣһõط
õط
һҲû˵ʲôֻǲϴߴš
ߣȥˣϵƶȶûУС֣ڿʵ
ϵˣҲ̹ȥǰ·Ҳûͷ˵
ܿ죬˱λ⹬󷽵һȪˮϣƶȶҲͬķ򼸺ͬʱִ
ˣǰȪˮסˡ
Ȫˮֳμȴ໥ںϵ֡
ɢޱȵ¶ȣƿ뵵ƣҲȴһּµıǱı˪ӣƶһ㡭
ҪĻȪˮмλã¶Ȳ໥ںϣγһаĴڣһޱϢӣǶ鲻Խһ
ˮ𣡡
ƶѿڶõطֲѪµ˻ѡΪһݵ㣡
ˮ𣿡
ȴ΢΢һ
ƶЦЦ͵νˮҲ֮ǰ˵һµ֣ҶӦ֪У
йɣôӣʼӲеķ룡
ȴǽ֮иһȣ򵥵ĶӦˮ𣡵ˮˣҪˮΣȴѵһ
˵ƶĿȻϣûǴĻˮ˫ʰɣ
ţǣ
ͷƶ漴Ȼˣүȷû˵أ˴֮ʵһλԵأ
ƶ˵ǰȪʵ

ƶͷõʣܹһֱȪˮİ˵Ϊһǧ׷ϿҲʲô̫⣡ңһĺô
ʲôô
κ
ƶеĽ˵Ҳ˵ֻҪΪ˱˳ͻƣĸ£ֻҪ㹻ֱҲ޿ܣȻҲֻһֿ˵
ô󣬵ƶĻȶ֮⣬ǶǱסˡ
鵱ȻҲˡ
ֻǣȪѾ˲٣ʥӦûãϧѾʥˣ
ƶ̾һϧĵûĻκһԪ˽ʥ಻һ£ԣԵҲǿпޣ
Ƕ˵Ҳûʲôˣ
ʼ磬һٺֵܹһ˹Ҳ޷ֻһһء
ס
˵ʱ򣬺Ȼ齿΢䣬Ȼɳһ֯⣬˻ûӦ֮ʣȴȻûǰȪڣȪλãˮ֯ɵС
ǡ
һȴ־ϲĵҵı黷
ˣˣ
鼤ѣƶ㣬֪ʦ˵ĻԵʲôˣָĲңҵı黷
ԣ϶
Ҳͷ󽫵Ѫʹս֮ʱ黷ɥʧԵ˵˳ƶҲǲϸп
ү˵ĻԵָˣƶЦŵͷ
ģģ
鼤ѵץֱۣ˵Ѿо黷ڻָ磬ƶ㣬˵ܹĻָ𣿡
ԣ
û˵ƶ㵱ͷ֮ǰ˵˶ȥ֮ȴҪ˲٣ƲԻָԣܸһ¥
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ĻϲвƵԲƺΪûҵ϶ʧҲúת˺ܶ࣬¶һĨĨÿĵЦݡ
ȻǾȲˣ
ŵΣҲõȱ黷׻ָƶ㣬ȶ㣬أ
ǻҪأ
ʻƶȶŮһۣƶγһǰܵǣȴҲΪһ飡ǼҪԿɲ̫ͣģ
Ǻðɣ
ԣҲû鵽ʲôͷƶ㣬ǳȥ֮캣˼һ±㣬Ƿв̫ҪȫѰң¾ǽԪ½ҷ׶죬ҲһҪҵ
õģǳȥ֮Ͱϵ
ƶͷְο鼸䣬ȶһͬת뿪
үȥϢһٷŰɣ
Ů뿪󣬿Ҳǰľƺ«һﹾཹཱུĺȾƣһĳԱȥ
Ųﵱʲôأ
ǲǵóʱҲѰ÷ϣȻүٷ׽ǿҲǼֲסİ
ڲԶϣٴν§뻳еľٶȴڿЦõĲ
ȪУǺɫɫԲûмͣǷֱͬ¶ȷΧУСӰԣȪڵԣɢĺֲͬɫĹâԽ
ʱҲЦݲϣܹеĸܵ黷Խָԣˮ齻֮Уڲ֮黷ָһޱȵڴ


1296 ľϲͻƣ¹
ʱһһĹȥ쾲ߣ𽥻ָչʵı黷˵ﶼڴ
ڲԶ«ʱʱĹĶǸÿһһ飬漴ƲƲּȾƣߴﹾĲ֪ʲô
תۣǲһʱȥ
ȪڵϢԵļ˺ܶ࣬뺮¶Ҳ𽥼Ǳ黷ϵĺֹâȴԽͨ͸֮Уԣǽ֮ʤ࡭
硭
鼤ѵץ֣Ȫвߵı黷ҪָˣҪָˣ
ǰܹ顣
Դӱ黷Ϊ˾ʧȥԺ󣬱ƺôѹźһЦݣȴĺѹֻΪ˲ǵģŮ˲ŹӰˡ
񣬱黷ȫָβ鼤
ʱȪУǺɫâӣϳ֣·˵ּһ㣬ޱȵ鶯֮С
ʱ˹Ǳ黷ͬСӣһתȴǺ˵үٷˣҪðؽҲȥˮ

⻰ʱͷߣ˵Դǽˮ˰ɣȪʺؽң㲻֪ؽǽԵģ
ðɣֻ˵˵
ͷڨЦѡ
ûĵһۣ漴Ҫ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻǱ黷һɫâ֯⣬弱ٶȥ
գۼ䣬壬鲻һǻ˫ۡ
Ҳһ˲䣬Χɫâ֣һʮֲõɫʡ
ǡ
üͷ΢壬ȴſ΢ԶһЩڵ״ʲôӰ죬ͬʱȻҲǾ֣ԷֹȻʲô״֡
磬黷ѾȫָԸһ
Ӻ龪ϲ˿̵˫ƶ˺ֲͬɫͫһ㣬źǼɡ
ϲ̫ˣЦŵͷӦ

ȴֺһתæҺҪͻˣ磬һ
仰Ϊ٣漴㲻ٶԣһα˫˾һ˲Ѿ뵽˹ž޲붨״̬ͬʱܵ·ܵĳγһϳڵλƶ
״Ϳ̸˺һЩ׷µĶ˻ְ
ŴŴš
籩ϯƬռ䶼ڲƵģʱΪһȫϼ룬ǿƵȷ˲ѡ
ǵĽŹעУƴʵʥ۷֮ʣȴûκͣµ˼Ѹٵܵ޹˼ɵȫţ쿴Ŀ࡭
֪һҪȽдѭӶʺԼ
ȴȫţƺ͸ûѭֱӽΧֱӹڼá
ˣ֮ǰƶ˵ʮʺ飬Ҳ˰ɣ
۾һڲٵĵǡ
ڣֹȥ˴ʱ䣬ͣ£ﵽܴﵽ۷塣
ʥأ
ûʥأ
𾪲ѣŲһʱ䣬Ȼʥ۷ʥأȻûǰʥ۷壬Ҳ˶١
Ȼȹ̣ûʱȥȶ
һȣʱ˫һͬʵʰľâٵӡ黷ʱХСƵΧƣǲȫգ漴ſٵ»صڡ
磬ʥˣ
ͬ鳲һ컳УǼ
ҿˣ
§ס˶Цŵͷ漴ȴʵ飬ɲ˵˵ô£ôȻô
ǻĹŶ
һЦˣʶǰǿˣϲȡ֣Ժͽлأ
ΪʲôҪ˵ĹͣЦǺǵĵͷʵ
һַ
ЦŽһ顣
򵥵˵Ǳ黷ȪеͨΪý飬˽һת뵽ڣٵ˳ͻơ
Ȼ黷ô˰֮⣬Ҫܹõ
ԣֻͻƣɽضһ˫ľ棡
ټ֮黷ѾΪַҲʮ飡
һ֮УȻûܴѪµоȳϣ˵ȴҲȷһֺܲĻԵΪʡ˺ܶʱ䣬ϾѰ˵Ļʥ۷ʥأſҲüʱɣ
Ͼʥأһһ졯֮Կɲ˵˵ġ

ԺС
鿿컳УѺһһңүһŮķǰڷŵˮ㣬֣ŮιԵ۵˼㡣
˵ģǿ񽣶ȥˡ
ޱȶӣһ仰һ̶ȥˮɽǱߣ׼ͷ˵˵ܲܽ÷˴ȥһҲóȥĽǣ˵ǰºء
ԴˣʾȴҲûϾ񽣺Ͱ÷Ѿɲְԧ顣
˵磬ʱ뿪˰ɣιһѣʵ
ţ֮ˣ
ͷЦҺÿԺǴҲ̫ģֻǣ˵ǰţڶĸأ
ǾһֱߵǱߡʵ
Ǳ߲
֣˵аɷʯǿţغͶľҲСģֻڵѪµʱûκζ᲻ᰵڽʲôıоϵˡ
ЦãԴϴȥ˷ѩɽׯ֮ϵĸ׶ľȻһνȥˣҲ֪ǵȥʲôطһϢûУ
ңϵǵʵǿҲӦòʲô̫Σա
ǸɴҲȥ棿
һ˵˵ģԪ½ϣҲкܶܶطûȥأûʲôˣóȥߣңҲ˳㵽һϢ
˵ǰ
Ҳ漴ͷڻԪ½ϣҲõʲôΣգǵʵʲôطȥã
Ů˵ţѲһۣЩЦõζ


1297 ʼ
ȥĶ棿ЦǺǵʵ
Ԫݰɣ
˼Ƭ̧̣׵ʦǳ԰ٻأҺȥٻȿ˵ٻڲʱΣһֱǰٻʢƯأ
ԣԣ
ҲͷӦȥԪݣҲȥʦأ˵ʦҲԪǱߣҲȥʦأ
Ȼǻȥݷһλʥǰأ
ĻҲ۾һ
ʦߴʥߵеİʥԪİ飬ԴӸȥ֮ʦͽѾûˣϴδԪԼңȴҲûȥԪİ飡
Դ˿ѶĻҲǺܿĵͷʾͬ
ðɣȻǶͬ⣬Ҳûʲô
ʼ磬ˮɽǱҲȥ˼ΣҲõͷǻʲô뷨
ߣԪݵķΧΪǱ캣Ҳܶ࣬ÿЩ˼ȥѰұϵϢ
ˣҪôɩһȥãɩӿ϶ûúõأ
۾һ˵
⵹Ҳԣ
ͷ漴ЦǲĸɩӲİɣ
ʲô
ԥػصɩڶ֪˲ĸʥߵݣĸֻҪúɻָҲǻڤԪڲĸѾõòˣ
ȥʣԵĻôɩһ𣡡
ãߣ
˵ͶԸ˺úÿ֮󣬱ǺŮһֱͬ˲뿪
˲ݶǵĳŴٽڣǱܿȻԺſڡ
ףѽ
ɣԺţĸŮеƺҪǵʱ򣬷ʱ۾һϲ
ӣλС㣡ʱǷ
ˣض񣡡
֣ЦǺǵĳɩӣĸЩ𣿻дĶ
Ѿȫָˣ˵׼ȥǰĵطúõرչһӣܹʲôͻƣ
ŲõЦݣΪзĵ鶼õԲĽķԳ˼ֶ֮ˡ
ἰϹٷƣһĨɬڻڷ˯أҪֱӽȥɣһҪȥһ˳أϾô࣬ҿҪúõҸ飡
ķ˳ԺĹ֮һ˵鷱࣬Ϊ˶֪ܼӣһǹǴľټϴº񣬶̶ʱڳڶе˶ѾĵͬСݡ
Ѿ˵Ĵү磬үǿΨһĶС㡣
ĵλܹȣò˵ȻǳͳүӵĽֺγǷ˸أ
ʲôɩȥæǽȥĸȻ˻м˵
ðɣˣ
ЦŵͷƺŮķȥ
ȻҲǽԺУг񻤷Źļǰ⣬ǲԺʱȴÿѾָķǶȻվŵľŮ
ӣλС㣡
ǵʱǷ
ֶ˰
ҲЦ֣ں棬һ㶼ǰ־綾ӡ
ĸЩ𣿡
ŮЦǺǵ£ʵ
Ѿȫˣһоȥúõıչһ£ϾⲢݳڿɲʺ˱չأЦŻӦ
Ҳǣǲ֪ĸ׼Ҫչض೤ʱ䣿ͷʵ
ĸ°ɣۻص
ĸ¡
ôʲô𣿡ʵ
ǺǡʵҲûʲôǺȻ˵ҪȥԪ½ϵ棬ôɩӺһȥɵɩҪչ˲ĸ޷ڿĸӣĶҪչ˰ЦǺǵĵ
氡԰һ𣡡
ЦӦ⺢ӴСûгȥúһΣ۵ֶǲſʼģǿҪúչ
ĸܷģ
ԥĵͷǿɩӣ˵ˣǻд˭Ҫ˺ɩӣ´˵ڰ˴ȫˣ
Ǻǡ㰡
ۿЦõҡҡͷòϣϹٷƶԼŮϲ̶ȣĻŵ
Ѿ֪ϹٷƺǵݣĻȻκλɡ
ڻԪ½ϣԹٺаٹͬһŮӶסĻǲǼ˹أ˵ͼλʥ֮ϵܺãټϻ캣ôһȻԪ½ϣĸĸܹǶԿ
ܿ죬ϹٷҲӷ˳׼ȥ֮ҲڴӦ˳Եͷ֮ðɣȻ˲ûʽףҲĸݣֻҪܹ÷ģžϹٷȥժϵҲһɷ˵ǰ
ڵȷӳ˵ȥ֮ʱʱ۾һ漴ȴһЩҡͷƴ磬죬Ҳǲȥֻ
ɵӣѾȫˣ
ЦŴϵ˵ˣﲻǺ˵չأɲܱ˴ŵģҪչﶼû취αչأ˵ҪӦûỨĸµʱ䣬԰ͰĵĸŷǳȥɣǻˣҲˣ
⡭
Щġ
ܿ˵Ȱ˵£ǵͷͬڳǱߣȻԹȥͣҲȻκε⡣
Ǻڶһʱһܹ˱̤˳ĵ·
Ȼ߳ݳǻûԶӵԿ񽣵ĴţʱЦһ¡
ôˣʵҲ׷׳˹ȥ
ûʲô
ҡҡͷЦĶ黹Ҫˣһ񽣾ʹŰ÷ţ

ˣЦá
ˣҲûж˵ʲô͸ɴԭؾȴš
Ǵû÷ģϹٷҲ򵥵Ľ˽˳ſʲôʱȥˮɽϾϱʼնҪŵģ÷ʱͨ죬ĶͬС¹ײ·ʱɤ۶Ƶġ
ˣ
ʮӺһռ䲨ӣӰֳ񽣵Ҳ֮
ڿЦŮǰ÷
үү
Ůһ֣̳Ϲٷƺӯӯ
ˣԼˣɱô÷ҿɼǵûôɹŶЦǺǵĵ
ߺߣ㣡
÷ûĳ춪һۣ漴Ű÷һյǼŮߣĳʾãʱǱõͬ׽һܹо÷ֿһֱЩŵǷɲ١


1298 ֮
һվвԪݣ
Ԫ½ݣвԪݵΪڶݣϲݣԼݶԣߴʥг˶ʮǰ伣ʥ߷֮⣬ǳλʥߣֱΪʥԪİԼʥȻ
ԣʥ棬ԪҲҪǿݵģ
вԪУλʥ߸˲֪˲ֻǵȴ֮٣ʥȻʥб֮Ϊͷ˼¼Ҳ䱾Ŀ
ʥ߲ʵǿݷܱȣ
һǵһôԶأ
һ·УϿΧ벢Щľз˼ΪõĹâ
ߣ顢ѡ÷ŮУŮ׽ƵģʱʱķͬݺЦСŮƵģһ·ϼֱγһķ羰ߡ
Ů죬ϹٷԼ˻ţϹٷڿиŨŨ⣬ȴҲżֲɫ
ἰ棬ϹٷҲ벻
Сʮ࣬Ϊչĸױ˵ˣЩʱ˲óԣ֪жö϶û¶ٵӣʱĹȥøƯҲ֮ǰǿֻ࣬Ǵû
ܹ棬ҲϹٷȴһ¡
Ͼ˵ϹٷԼЩƹ캣Ҳûжʱ˷ɵ棬ΪҪҲܣķ⻹ǵһΡ
ڰ÷ŮҲǲģ
ΪˮɽŮǣο񽣹ϹԶĪˮǵͬ⣬ŮüˮɽϣȻѾ˷֮ʵܳһ񲻻ӵ
ԣϹٷƺͿ˵γҲǼ
Ƿ߰÷Ƕܹİһʱ䣡ܵǲǳ棬ֻҪܹİһأǾǺˡ
ȻܹЯ棬Ǹһޱ飡

ԪҪ˵ģе壬ԪңԼԼ˼֮⣬ǾҪߴʥ֮һİʥԪİ飬Ҳʦãѵʦ֮⣬ԪİҲ˵ڶͽܣһͼҵ֣˵ֶԣϤĻĽ诣ΪѧԺѧԱҲԽ̵еһ
ȻɽָƬɽΪƵɽ塣
ɽڳϧλʥ⣬кܳıһֲҶųơһ𡯵衣
ɽиϴΪ˰ݷԪİ飬Ѿȥ˺üʱ䣬ٴιȴǷ֮ǰ˲٣Ҳࡣ
ȻܶкܶΪϾܹժȡȥĻһӵóˣвĽΪľϣܹԼʥ߿У±ʥΪˣλҲʱ߲١
ֻϧˣûгɹġ
ϣһо˺γһ羰ߣŮòò˷׷ײĿӡ
Ŀĺܺأ
һ֮طԣȷǺúܶࡣ
ǵȻҪȥɽ𣿡ʵ
ȥһ˰ɣ
ףɽԪݲòȥĵطȥȥأ˵Ҫʦ֪ߣûȥĻðҵƤ
ĻһЦ
ȴֱӳ춪һۣ죬Ҫʦ㾹Ȼұ˼ңĻƤأ

ʱͣüŮǽЦѡ
ʦãʦ
ǲ֪еԨԴɵЩɻ
ϹٷƼ״ʱ򵥽һ£÷ʱ۾һԵúǼ
ǰʱ仹ΪΪչ׶ϱĿӣ񲻽˳ҼֶŮ˶ȥݼûлİʥߣβ÷أ
ʱˣʦǶҲв˰ɣȥʣ
ЦǺǵ˵һ䣬Ǻһͬǰȥ㴩ֱӽ뵽ɽС
һ𣬿ɲ˵˵ġ
ɽвħݺᣬǸȻΣأһҲ֪жΪÿÿɽҪժԾɲ
ϧܹժȴָ
Ǽʱ򣬺ȻԱһܴĵдһ֮
ιǻ벻ⰡԾǸ߼裬ǾȻô͵ļǮǵۿ𣿡
һŮЩŭ֮⡣
С㣬⻰˵Ĳԣһ򽲾ԸҵļǮˣҪǲԸĻ뿪ЩҿҪ˵ǰ棬߳żҪٻĻǮɵټһɣһ˵ԵЩп֮С
㣬Ǽ̣
ŮòУҲˣߣҾͲţЩ߼軹ȥǸҼסˣ
˵ţŮҪת뿪漴˵СǻԵķϣǮٸһ㣬Σ
߼裬ʱ˻ģƽʱ򶼴󲿷ֻм͵ͼģĺã߼Ʒļ۸ֻΪˣ˿϶Ҫѹ۵ģ
ߣҲˣЩ̣Լûȥȣ
ŮһթӣĵһۣŤͷߡ
Ů߳ȥһḬ̃ĺâȵˣиһĸ߼ɲôŵˣ
ǣϰ壡
ʱкü˻̡߳
ڵ棬ŭ߳ŮȴһŤͷǵ̵۽߳һ߳ǰţעȴײһ
ѽ˵ˡ
Ůһɣеһأűǽìͷָ˷һ׼˵ʲôʱȴǺ۾һ㣬Ѷ㣬㣡
ضô㣿
ŮҲЦ˳漴üһĵɴˣôôëëģǸ
ŮǵʥȻŮأ
ǰǺһʱȻʮ۰ȴҲ֮СʱײûκǸ⣬Ҫ߳ٴչ˳
ޣ֪
ص͵͵Ӧһ㣬Բضˣ
ûû£ЦŰ֡
һˮӣ˵ػʶˣ㲻ʶҲΪС·Ƣ
лл㣡
һЦȴע⵽վڼŮ죬ʱ۾һۡĽһֱӿܵǰգ˫Ĵ۾˵磬ضˣʮأҪض޸ţòã


1299 ǿƣ͵ܵأ

صĻ˫գѽգ۾˾ͷߡ
Ѿͷ˵ʲôأ
Цõǰ۵СѾͷƬӣ磿
˭Сˣ˭СˣҶô˺òã
죬ͦͦǻǰ˫壬ֻϧôͦҲ˲١
գҪˡĿУӣ󣬿ҧ磬۸ңҴ
Ѿͷ˵ʲô
ԣʱһɣЦõɫУһæðԴҲ˻ȥû˵ʲôû˵
͡
־ٶٴ˷׷Ц˳Ҳ޿κΡ
ˣضˣ
Ľ˳ܿ콫ϹٷƵ˽ܸʶĲϽŸ㣬ֱһСƵģ
ȻѾʮˣǰʮʱҲ˶١
ϴκ滹ڳҵʱֻΪʱ쵣ĳƵ飬ҲûʲôĽȴû뵽ڸԪĵһ죬ɰСӡ
磬ʲôѽҪҵЩ͸ɣ
һѺؽĸ첲ʵ˵䣬ǽеĸ߼趼˳˿ûԥҪ͸졣
ǣ棡Ϊ˿һλЦǺǵػص
ѽضһȥòã϶ǿԪ̵ģԲԣҾ֪Ҳ¶ˣضأ
ǹһ˵ţƼ֮һӵĻ˵ƵģǼŮԱ߿ĿЦá
˵ǵʥȻŮȻԪİͬƣôӦص屲ѾͷƫƫһһĽţⱲֱּҵ˼㡣
ڴҶ̫ЩƺˣҲû̫⣡
ðɣҲһȥ
ڴεĵ˵ͷضʱԭֿɰӸΧ˵ע⣬ɰľ飬ôҶ׷¶һĨ΢Ц
򣬼ɽķ򻺲ȥ
Ȼţȴüͷһ壬ͣס˽ŲͬʱҲ˲ԾĿԥĳƬȥ
ɣĵһֱǻɽ𣿡
һƬž˻ش
ߣ
кâһȵ񽣣ȥ
ϣ
Ӧһ͵μ˳գۼýƺδбֱ˳صǰڵϰѡ
ףǣ
ûǿڣȴǺľ㵳΢ĵҪʲôǲҵĸ߼裿
ضʶǣʵ
Ǿ֮ǰǸ̵ĻأҼģػص
Ǻǣˣ
ЦŵͷĵҲԭˣ϶ɣ񽣣ϵһһȣ
ǣ
񽣺ԥֱӶ֣漴ܿýѵͬʱ˺ѷΰĲҽУ÷ףҲһĨ⡣
ǵһμ̵ֲľܲ壿
ûµģûµģ
Ϲٷʱ§뻳УοЩ˱͸ֻǷǵһһѾˣԺҲҪסԴǧȻԿĿ϶Լ
֪ˣ
ԹԵͷɫЩף϶ҪʱȥϰЩ
컺ߵʹļǰһ˵ӣĵȥϰ壬ǻȥøôһͣҪӲˣһѻǵĹƨӣ
ǣǣЩͷ˿ķ

һ˶ʱͬɥ֮Ȯһ໥ſ첽뿪
ۡð
ǿƵ̬ضʱѣͬǰһһϣ˫ֻסĲӣ˫ŸֱӲ䣬۾зŨŨõĹâ
СѾͷȥɴˣɺͳ
켱æСѾͷԼȥû˵ʲôǰһŤסصĶһԣʱرٴοʼǹһĻص̿һί˼ӣ

ɽۣǰǰƣɾһõһϹٷǶ۾һ֮ǰ̵ֲĻ棬ϲѡ
ǰһУרĵŻܣʱʱĵͷŻ㣬绨侫һ㣬ޱȻС
֣
ЦǺǵĽһֿһؾϲ磬ʦ㣬˰
Сʦãò㶼ǵԪˣϲǰӵһ¡
ʦ̵úãʦ߶ʦأ˵
ʦĶأ
ȥҩȥˣҪڲܻ
Ƚȥţ
ЦǺǵĵˣ÷ѩɣ
ţǶأǸʦȥҩŶֻص
һˣܿĽ⴦ɽԺ£ָһȲҵϣŹɵһԡ
漴ֽϹٷǽһ飬Ҳòһһţֱƿһ㣬˶ϲ
أҲҲϤκİ
Ժ죬ȴǺüͷһ壬ʲôƵŤͷʵضǰ㰲ŵأ
⡭
ͼŮĵĺܿĵأⷬʻʱһǲ֪λӦ

һЦõĵѾͷңԼ͵ܳİɣ
ѽ磬ܻܲ
֣綼ôûضˣѵͲض׹ô𣿶Բԣ
ѾͷٸҴۣ
ĵҿ϶͵ܳģ
˼͵ܳģ
ؾ˾죬ߺߵ˭үүֿʼչˣ˼һ˴ڼһ㶼أо仰˵ú𣿶鲻·˼ҿҪúõԼļʶأ
Ϲ
ˣʱЦã˵ˣѾͷ̰棡ҪȻǰĽ̵ôܲǵԪڣ

Цѣȴû˿Ĳ˼Ըˣټ˵죬Ĵ磬͸Ӳˡ
ҲܣҾǲڼߺߣ
ǣĸ첲ӡ
㰡
ȴҲö˵ʲô
һΪҪϲŻԪİ龹Ȼǰˣò÷ŮǼŮ˶ʱѡ
Ͼ÷ѵŮ˵һֱһ𳤴ģ໥ĸͬ׽һ
ֻǣ񽣵ϱа÷һԽ÷ĽûƣҲ˵һִԵˣŮһǲѡ


1300 ԪİĲˣȻ
ɽ۵ԺԺУһ䷿ڵĴϣȴһˣڣһ۱Կ˾綾Һ΢˿ԪİֶΪ´Ѿһʬˡ
飬ôԪİ鳯ʵ
ʦã̫ˣ
Цãֱɣֲǲ֪Ҷⷽνһϲͨ
Сӡ
ԪİûĳһۣĿЦУǺܿ콫顣
ⶾ֣
һ£ü΢ĵһ˵ػѪҺתȫ΢ı뾭ԪֶȻֶǣ˴˵ȫ⣡һҹӦȫⸯã;ȫ¶⣬˿ʮĸоԼọ̈̄νǲ̵˼㣡
Ļʱɫһ䣬ֶҲδŰ
˵Ĳ
ԪİͷֶҲǵһμԪҵһʵԪ۷壬ΪжԵʣȻÿһ±½һ׶Σ͵ˣټ֮ǰԪҵһ£ڵʵѾ˵Ԫǰڣû´Ļһ˵Ԫ£Ҳû취ס˵ⶾˣ
ô⡭
ȷûע⵽ЩҲ˵ȱʧĵط
ʦãǡʵ
ʦöû취ȻҲʲôõĽⶾ
Ҳ֪֪ͨʦģǰʱȥһϣԪİЩЦĵ
ˣ˰ɣ
ԪİЦҡҡͷҪ˵ʲô֮ʱȴؿڵʦãи취
ţ
ԣԪİ۾һʵʲô취
Զ
ҧҧص
Թˣûã
Ԫİһ漴ȴЦЦ˵ĿɲһԶأʦãɻǵʥߴˣ
ʥ߷ۣ
Ԫİһ£Ѿʧܳʱô֪
ţһúܺãѾһŮ
Цʵǵɩӣϱǣ

ԪİԺиֳӣ֮ǰܵʱֻ˵ϹٷƵŮѣԪİҲصĿۣɷֻǲſʼѣͨ˲ûʲô̫
ôһŮôܻʥߵŮ
ȷ£Ԫİ黹Ǻܿ˵
΢˶٣飬˵۹
ǣӵģ
ҡҡͷ漴뷨ϸһ顣
Զ
֮ǰڰ۽ⶾʱ綾ȡһ֣䶾ҲΪ˽⣬ÿǰ˵棬Ҳ˵Զˡ
ɣ飬־綾ңҺúõооԪİ˵
ã
ûԥȡ߸ͬƿݵԪİУѵʦãоʱҪСģ־綾һֵĶԶʮң
ţ֪ˣ
ԪİͷֵˣǳȥɣҪʼоˣŶˣǲǾͺúõ棬ҿܲˣ
ʦˣ
ЦЦѾо״̬Ԫİ飬Ǿĵ˳ȥ
Զ֮˵ǷܹɹԼûʲô̫İա

תۣɽѾȥʱ䣬Ȼ糿ոһԹ緹ȴǺһ䣬ͳ˴
ŴϵĹâ˸صǿûǴĹâɢȥǺܿ콫䴢ָڣһӣǿֱ
ô£ǾС죬òеӣЦǺǵʵ
үүˣأ
ҧҧҲŲǸͷأߺߣһ㶼棬һ쵽ô˽ģߺߣ

ʾԱҲ㿴ңģֱЦá
ѽ
ʱȴֺľһ
ôһһէʲôֱóһ
ÿÿ
ûƵģȥ˵ʲôá
˵СѾͷƬӣ㵽ôˣǰ£үүʲôõģ
㣬ǲ֪
ؿɥҵүүģͨȷҵλأУҵˣȻүүץȥֵúóһʱˣ
˵䣬رǻǿЦõУҪȥղŵӵ˶
һĻ˿Ŀࡣ
ض
һɾһɲǼ䣬һεĲŮ㻹Ķܰ
ʥȻȻˣ
үү
Ȼ˲ƳԼǰүү죬ǹԹԵĽһ
ǰ
ҲǷ׷񣬱ϾԷߴʥ֮һǲٵġ
Ƕڰ
Ȼۺ룬ϴŵʮص·׷ͯգһֺߵӡ
֮ʱ䣬ȴǺƱһƵġ
ͷôĵӣҵɽΧ˲ƣ浱Ԫİ鲻𣿡
ʱһֱڷо־綾Ԫİ˹ȵ
ӣҲǲ𣿡
ȻûָָԼĹŮ˵Ҫǲ˲ƹѾͷܵˣڿڵԪͻƵԪĹؼʱ̣Ҫ˵ʲô飬ʲô㣿
ͷ
ȻĻԪİʱ۾һɣԼסԼŮ˼ֵͷϣ
ˣҲúϻ
Ȼ֣Ťͷأһº͵ĵŮүүȥɣʱͻƵģҪ飬үүô
үүҲȥ
С죬صҪʹһ𣬻ȥһ㶼棡
ҵСڰүү棬ֻڲһȻɥ
ͲҾͲ
ؼᶨҡԴ˵ʲôҲȥ
˵ͷҪضɣҲ徻ʺͻ𣿡Ԫİ֮˵
ԣԪ˵öԣҾˣ
ͷȻЩԥӣ۾һתһĸ߼˳ЦүүضרŸժأ
Ѿͷ
ȻЦá
ҪĻ˵߼ˣ㼫ƷҲУҪԼŮղժ
ϾԼŮһ⣬˵Ҫ
ӹ裬Ȼ̾Ҳգ
Үүүض֪
ûȻ˵꣬ر˷ܵȻһڣȻĻôҲ˵һƵ˼ģҲĲһݸүദʽҲǾΪЦ


1301 ҶԷ£
գʥȻǿЦõˣؿĲѣСŮƵııš
ĪˮҲǺʹ˵һһ˽ɽҩ־綾лѼʱ䣬ѾоһֽҪһȥ֤
Ҫٳȥ棿
˿ˣһת漴֣磬㲻˵ҪҳȥǸòã
ҲǰصǸ֣
ν㼸λİɣЦǺǵĵ
㣬Ѷ㣬㣬㣬֡
Ļضʱһ⣬ڴĿŮǿЦãѾͷװҲװ̫ˡ
ãȥɣǳģصСǣЦĵ
ҾͲȥˣ
ҡҡͷÿ춼ʦĹҪɣһҪҩ԰Щûʱģ
С㣬Ҳȥˣ
÷֮˵ҲԼҪ졣
գ֮ǰЩһ뿪ɽۣǲ֣Ҳ˲ҪɽѰһժǣʱ»صϡ
ȴδһʱȥʲӵĴعصĴ£λΪƫƧһСС
û̫ˣеһƬƵģСЩ࿴˼
ϰ壬ֻҶ
ڣر̴˵
漴Ҳ£Ǽ򵥵ΰʣȻһ꣬ȴע⣬ؽǴ澭Ҳ࿴һۡ
ϣֻҶԵȣ
ϰӦһ̿첽ȥʱֻɢŨ˳Ϣ˴ߣǴҶ¶һĨڴ֮ɫ
͹٣ã
ϰ彫ֻҶм䣬Ҳ֮óһŽƱݹȥϰлӹȥ
磬ǿ쳢ĲҶĺܺóԣҳԹ˴տ֮⣬óԵأ˵
ֻƽ𣿡
ղۼķŽƱɵÿЦһ¡
ƽκһ֮ͨһ꣬궼ʳǣȻֻֻǮֱ̫˲˼ˡ
ĻոĿ۵һµϣ㵵˿ЦԼء
ڳԼ𣿼ֱڳԻƽţ
óԾУأ
ر˱죬Ǯ˵ȫֻһ֡
ԣóԾУˣǿɾ˷ˣӰɣЦĵ漴һ鼦⵽УЦɩӣҲԣ
ãã
Цѣǽιڼ㣬˽һɽҰ԰ƢĲĿ紵·ܹʹһ㡭
ɲǼ䣬϶һĨԵɫ°Ҳˣһֱ޾ƲƺƣȫֲҶУ޷԰Σ
ζҵĸã
һҲǷ׷ٴζ˿ӣҲ⡣
һƽһֻļ۸ȻȷǸۣȴûһ˾òֵãԵǽһֺ
ϰ壬ʮֻֻе
ϣ
ںϰӦһʱжֻֻҲڵĴˡ
ͳһǧƱݹȥּ佫ֻõĲҶ봢ָڣк˼ʣµֻ
ֻҶ׼Լǻ֮øСһԵģ⻹дȥúоһ뷨ȻǷܹоǾͲö֪ˡ
Ҷͦģ
䲻۵С뿪ͷһۣЦǺǵ˵Ӧһļģζ֮⣬Ȼȶһֵͦõģ
ǰ̵ϰҲѰˣʱ˹ݷðݷãЦŵͷ
磬㣬ھȥ𣿡Ϲٷƣ񽣵˵ͷͬ˵ʱȴЦʵ
ԣߣ
һӣһʮ˱㳯Ŵķȥ
㲻̫ʮӺ˱˴ſڡ
֣䣬鱦Σȴָľ裬ϣ˵һҵˡ
ֻǣ֮ǰصֵۿ֮٣β棬ҪЩ߼Ϊ˶ȫûһøУ
ҲΪ֮ǰĳŵ
һԻû꣡
ⲻЩ˿ƽ˽ȥһƱʱӭλ͹٣ǡ
Ƹո˵ڼص֮ʱȴɫһ䣬Ļû˵
ȻѾϳǣ
ϰɣҲֱ˵
ϰйλ͹ˣȥԺһ𣡡ǻǷǷһƣȴ֮⡣
Ժð·ɣ
ʼ磬ƽû˿顣
ϣλ
Ƶͷȱͷǰ·
飬ɩɣҺʹ磬Ȼضһȥˣ˼Ťͷ˵
ðɣǶСģ
˼޷ǾǵʲôȻòſʼķΣա棬ôڣžʲôҲǲܵģ
漴죬ϹٷƣԼһ飬ѣ÷ŮһͬʼйʱʱһЩԴ˿ûе᲻ʲô״
ʱҲĲкü߶һֱԼϣҲδ⣬϶ǴڼǣֻҪûκζǼŮҲĵй䣬صűǣ
ĺԺǻƾǺܿ뿪ˡ
ԺӲС׻վʮװˣһ˫˫ĿϣЩ˶㲻͵ĶѾԪڣ󲿷ָǵԪҡ
λúÿ찡㣡
һ˴ӷл߳Ԫǰڵˣֺˣüǲơ
ϰ壿
쵭һ䣬漴ΧЩˣЦǺôų
Цǳȴ⣬ԹԵ˵Ƚһ°ɣԷ£ϰ壡
ûô򵥰ɣ
ԷµҽܣЦô˵ʵӦԼҵأԼñٴ۽簡
ţ
ĻԷ¶ʱ˫ͫһǵʲôˣ


1302 Էµľ壬ټԿ
Է±ĻŪþסˡ
ȷԼҵˣһֱԼ֮⣬ȴûж֪˵쾹Ȼڼĵһ۱ƶ˵
ȻĻЩ²˼еļᶨȴɡ
⻹Ҫ𣿡
ԷµĳԾԼһĨأȴٴЦ㵽ǲԼҵˣҲԼҵʲôݺ͵λܵøһͰɣ
ͣСӣΪʲô
ԷµЦȻ֪Լҵˣ㻹Һ˵Сӣ㵨ӲС
ҵһܴ󣡡
ʼ磬ӣǲһĽˣ֮ǰ˵Ľѵûһ㾯ӣΪĺܺ۸
ѵӣСӣôĿ죬ӵ뿴ǼҺΣ
˵䣬Է֣Χʮ˱˹ĸȫΧһɫΪƣʱֵơ
磬£
ģرĸ첲һӡ
Ȼȴע⵽һĨЦ⣬ʱЦá
Ѿͷ˾Ȼ⿪ЦƵģֱﰡ
磬񽣣˭ȥûȥصĹŤͷϹٷƺͿʵ
ɣ
ϹٷվЦǺǵĵղŶԶˣʲô񽣣ľƸҺȼڣ
ϣ
Ӧһľƺ«˹ȥ
ϹٷƽӹڴڵĹ˺ü£󽫾ƺ«¶񽣣ųΧʮȥ
ʵߵĲǵԪڣС
ڵϹٷƲûʥʵȴҲﵽԪڣټ캣٣˸ǰţβŭ
ʱеദصĿɰҲϹٷƺϲȫǽ䵱ÿ
ԣΪֻһϹٷҲûһԥ
ǡһϰɣ
Ϲٷ߿Щ˹˹ָ
ϣɱ
Է۾һоϹٷƵӣͷŭ
ǣ
ʮӦһʱɱʢŸԵı㳯Ϲٷŭɱȥ
ɱң
Ϲٷ˫΢У϶ʱӿʮ˵İΧУû˺󣬷һƻһƵģǸӭȥ
ݡ
һϹٷ˲ɲǣŵԪǰʵʱ쭳һ̵Ѫ󲻸ĵŤͷϹٷһۣصĵ˵ϡ
Ϳ֮⣬Էڵˣûע⵽ϹٷƵô֡
ٶ֮죬֮죬ȣ
ΪҺ۸ɱң
Ϲٷûκͣµ˼ٶٴ漴ýƺߣգۼĸ˵
ʼǸ˵Ǻκ״էȥȫûһ˺ۡ
һӣ˲ʣµļ˶ʱ¶֮ɫǲǰˡ
Ǵ磬ȻеֶΣ
ǺһЦ˿ԷµɫҲˮŤͷԪǰ֮ȻܲԸǳŸԱǰ
񽣣
״һ
ף
һЦֱǰһھƺǵĶǰ

һϹٷƵĹֶΣǲκλʤİա
ǰĿ񽣣ɱһȴǺԥϮ
ϡ
еĽ϶ڿ񽣼ϵ
꽻񽣵·ûŪơ
ôܣ
ɫ䣬ûǶ˵ʲôֱӶˡ
৵һ£˲ϢץסУȻԼķһ漴˫ȭǿĿռ˫ͫɲǣֱӺǵĸ
ۡۡ
ԸٶȵɶѪӿɫ˲԰ֽ׹أǳ˴Ϣ֮⣬Ҳ޷һ£ǾֵĿⲻŵĶſ񽣡
ôҲû뵽ԪǰڣԷķ޷ƣԷһӲ¡
ͬʱϹٷǱߵɱ¾Ҳˡ
ʮȫûһҿԡ
𾪵ǣʼǸѪ֮⣬ʣµϸûмκһ˺ۣǱɱһ㡭
˻㣬ǵʲôˣ
ԷˣǾ壬ǲȫǰһУ
Ӱ
ʮټԪǰڣȻôɵıܣɱ
Σ
ۡƸ磬񽣸磬Ǻð
СѾͷ˷ֱܵС֣۾жޱȲõĹʡ
Ǿ仰øһĽ
ЦǺǵĿϹٷƺͿ£Ťͷɫ׵Է£ĵһμ򵥵ĽѵıֲĻ´ο¾ͲôˣΪԼҵ㣬ͿԾȵ𣿡
ҡ
Է²֪λش
ȴĲ֪뵽ʲôǾȴһĨϲɫ
쵽棬ڶһ鴫Ϊûб˿½Ԫ˽ȥ
ϹһɣӣһֱͨõĳӦһպô̧ͷǡ
ǡҪʲôԷҪʱ䣬һǾӡ
΢̣Էµľٶ˶һֻʾ£ϹٷƺͿ񽣶һװûѣ
Է¼Ȼͨȣôʮ֮˾űԼҵˣ
Ҳ뿴Լҵ˭Ϲ
ԣʱԷ£Ҳʱ䣬·ʲôûһ
ȻڴʮӺ󣬴ǰ̤߽ʮˣΪǸ˸ս˭ҿүĵ϶ɱˣǲ롭
δ꣬˵Ŀϣʱֹס
ԼԿԼҼ԰үӵĵڶӣҲʦĪˮĪ˪ɷֱڻǵãԿĪ˪һŮΪŮװȥݣ໥ҲһĽ飡
˿̣Է¼ԿȴһĸղŵæܵԿǰϥĵүǣүСô¶Ǳɱģǻ˵ԼƨǣǸûнүа
ž
һ⼱ȳԿȻľٶ⧲ԷԭֱתһȦ
үʲôԷǲʵʵ
ұ죬û𣿡
ԿһۣȵˣԷ¸ץ
ǣү
ʮӦ漴ɷ˵ıǽԷ¿лʼնûԿ࿴һۡ
ʱЦϷʵӴǣүòⶼүֱˣСĴ۽簡


1303 ԼңѦɽ
ĻԿЩɫ䣬Է¸е֮⣬ڲʱɫȫȻĴͷȥ
ֵܣ
ԿЦһǰǺӵһ¡
ǻǸİɣ
ӵ󣬵ЦҪʦ˿ҵĳƺҿҪĺܲҰ˪ҲҼ٣
ĸŮ磬Լҳ
ĸΪԼԾԿԾĶ磬ⷽ˵ǵȷ˵ֵܡ
ʦǷ˵ĻԿĳ
ǰԼҵʱһǸԳƺԵģ
Կ棬һ壬ԾȴֵƣȻһʱܹǴһƬͬԿ֮ŮԾ֮ˡ
ԣ⿴ƻҵĳƺʵȴҲǹϵܺõı֣
磬񽣣ضҸǽһλү
ЦǺǵĽԿ˵һ飬ϹٷҲǷ׷׹ʾ⣬·ȫûнΧЩʬ໥ԵޱȺг
Է¼һĻң
ô뵽Ľ
һѺԿҲĽ˽յԵɣǺԥķԸԷ´ԼԼҹ洦ͬʱҲǸһӶûУôҶĸй۸ࡣ
漴ҲǽŮһ˽ʶ飬Ѻ⣬÷ŮҲںܶʱڶԿϤ춼òԿȻ³çʵȴҲһʮóʵ
Կ£һ˶һͬȥԼ͡
ԼҵУ֪ǵ԰үӸԳӭӣ棬ԾҲȻڳԼҲʶǵǷ׷׾֣
ڣ˰ձޱҡ
ǵ콫Ϲٷ캣ٵݽܳ󣬸Լ˶Ŀ࿴ԭڷſʼӵҲ˲ȫʧ
ΪٵŮˣ¾ǲڻԪ½ϵĵλҲûжܹȣ
ת䣬쿴Ҳ֮΢΢
ĺѺ󣬱԰ү׼ʢӭˣԼҵĵϵȫ
ͽ޶Ů֮⣬ԾĪ˪֮ŮԾ͹֮ҲܿĹˣϧѾͷδڳȻԼͿ˵һžˣ
ϸζۣϷɵģܵģˮεȫУڶ̶ʱڿԼô࣬ҲԿڹȥЩУԼҵʵȷȲȻȲԪ֮׵ԪңҲ˶ˡ
Ҳֻһʥ߰ɣ
ϾԪҿǳ˰ʥԪİİ
֮˱ͥԺƷģ콲е飬ԼˣϹٷƺͷôҶ˼ڴ
һҹǾԼס

ڶһ磬ոϴŵʱǺĳſڣһ
˵Ҫ˵Ľ𣿡ĵ
ٺ١磬ɩأòỹû𴲰ɣЦ
ڶѾǶʮ߰Ĺˣ˵Ծɺǰ޹˼ɣмӷ緶
˵
ͷߣǿûһⲻˣ
Ա߷Ŵ򿪣飬Ů߳ҲЩ죬ôʲô顣
ʵҲûʲô
ЦЦ˵ǲǺܾûôɩ³׼ŶϹٴ磬㣬Ϳǵأ
о仰˵𣿡ЦЦ
ʲôѽ
գգ۾ȴЦǺǵļڣǼ鼴Ը׼㣿㲻ǡڡأ
ѽɩǣǿȻô˵ң
Ļʱ˾죬סĸ첲һûñίģ
ˣֱ˵ʲôɣȻҿɲҳԣֵ
ٺ١ʵɣôһС飡
ֱӡ顯Ĵ£ʱһ죬ڨЦŵʵɩȥһȻ˳ССİүү͸˵˵Ŷ
һˣ
ĻίʵЦá
ͼһ
԰һ˶ѣ磬㲻᲻ӦɣĿ죬ԳֺΡ
û⣡
ͷһϲɲǣȴֺתɵøң˵˭ʲôϵȻС㲻ϧԽ³
ʵʵ
ԣʱͨ죬Сֽ½ǵʵҵǸˣҲܺõأǡûʲôԺյݺͱ⡭ʵҲһ㣬Ԫڣ
ݱûʲôʵҲ̫⣬ֻҪ˺þˣ
ʼ磬ͷãȥԵĻҵǻܹ˵˵
лл磬ллɩǣ
ͬ⣬ʱϲѣڵĺǳԹ󣬱Ȳǳȥ
ϹٷƺͿǣҲֻܴǽһ£ԼҵȺĵ˵

ԼһӲ¥żУѡ
ΪѦɽʮңû㣬ֳ֪֮ԵСġ
Ѧɽֺܲ
쿴˿ѦɽЦŵ㲻ýţֻǱģˣðһ䣬Σ
磬ңһ¶Сǳ԰ټҷģ޸ĸѦɽŬİѳƽص
˼Ҳû˼Ǹ
ҪҪѦɽҡͷЦԼ֪ԼҲֻҪԼŬ㹻ˣ
˵úã
һ䣬ЦֵǸ¶ܹڵʵѾǳˣŬǴҶģŶˣʲô飿
һҵڴ򹤣ԣǺǡԼûʲôҰİɣֻҪܹԱ͹ˣѦɽƺѾƽһЩţ˳ػص
Ŷ˵Ĳ˲Ҫ̰ģϾȥģ
ЦǺǵĵͷڿѦɽ⡣
һ¶ܹԪڣôʵأ˿ûһ˵ļʣԸҲǳ˵ȷܺã
˵磬ʲôˣڱϽŵ
Ǻǡû£û£˺ܺõģŵңû쿪ڣѦɽ֣˵
Ҳ۰ʱûһۣ֪뵽ʲôεȴֱޱģѦɽʱڨڨЦͷӾš
״Ҳ΢΢һЦǽһ񣬶˶ٺЦĵѦɽ㣬֪ʲôܹ


1304 ճɾ
Ļһ䣬Աߵ飬Ѻˡ
ѦɽЦһ£һ磬ѾݣҾðǲֹģֻҪһ찮ңҾԶΪҿԸһУ
˵ʲôطûУֻһģһԶģ
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Ӧһ漴Ůõʾ⣬һͬԱȥԼˣԿĪ˪ӵλãŻλȥ

ԿĪ˪Լ԰ү֮Ѿǵ˳ʱڼҲöѯʲôֻǾԼүү͸ĸԼĿЩ죬Ķÿ˲٣ǽŵ˼㣬ͺ´Ӽλһ֣
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صԼݾӵıԺĽסŮɫΪء
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עһ£˵
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Ůʮֲ⣬ȴҡҡͷûʲôϣҸоˣ

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ЦǺǵ˵һ䣬漴ǲٶԣŮһͷˮŽǲ¥żмѦɽǲ⻰ʲô˼ĪѦɽԤıĽӽҪΪӶԼҲ
ڶһ磬ؾ͹ˣͬԸ׼㣬һλϹٷƺͿǵģȴԿȻЦ棬ĵȴЩš
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찵˦˦ͷʱûȥô࣬ǼŮһͬ㣬ȻԱ߻ϹٷԼ񽣺Ͱ÷

ҪʱԼҺѰûʲô𡣲ûΪѦɽʲôĸı䡣
˵е֪ѦɽѾſڣȲĳȥѦɽ˽һٶ˶һ£һ˫˫ĿѦɽƺҪʲôܹĶ
ѦɽԵЩţİοƽࡣ
ܿ죬Ǳ˺Ժ
֮⣬ĳˡ
԰үӣ뽪򸾣ԿĪ˪ԼԾ򸾣Ȼʼû˵ԼԷСùã
үүɽˣ
Ѧɽε˼㣬ʱγˮƵĽۡ
ţҲǷֱ𽫸λһ£Ѧɽֱ֮Ƿ̬ȱֵʮ֮ãȻţȴҲ֮Уʮ⡣
ͬģҲܽţҪѦɽܹλĻɲ֪ôˡ
ѵҪѦɽһͬΪ˽
Ѧɽɣ
үָΨһһſӣЦǺǵĳѦɽ˵
лүӣ
ѦɽҲС˿˵ĿⶼȫϣԿĪ˪򸾶ףȻѦɽ˷ٶΪ⡭


1305 ֮䣨ϣ
СɽϷô԰ɣ
ۺ룬үЦǺǵĵ˵С޸ĸĹ¶ȴܹǿϢһǳã
ллүӿ佱Ҳлл磡ѦɽֱͦǫӦ
ĻϷҲ֪ˣܵ˵ҲܲԼҲֱҪŵԵļ壡
үЦЦǲҪǿƷ
ѦɽԹԵţûв죬ȻһүӺص̬ȡ
һ㣬ͷҺɻ󣬲֪Сɽɷһش𣿡үʵ
үʣѦɽԥӦ
Ǹ¶С԰ټҷ󣬵ΪʲôῪʼȻֻԪڣɶ˵ҲǼΪˣүʵ
һ¶ܹлԵͻ죬ﵽԪڣɲһĻԵ
Ԫ½кܶͨ˶ΪûлԵ޷ֻͨĶȹһȻѦɽЩ˵С
үӵĻҲҵһɣ
Ѧɽԥһ£˵Ҳ֪һСĲҶ򹤣ΪҪϰÿ¶ҽһɽУһһЩҶһҲȥǲܹժһЩõĲҶ
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ʮ߰ʱҽɽ֮Ȼ˴꣬Ϊ˶Ҵæһɽɽһңһһ
Ѧɽһӣ˵Ǳġ絶Ҳǳ絶Ҳʻ㲻ɣЩÿпյʱŬҲǴﵽڵĵز
ĻԵ
үͷԱߵҲ΢΢һЦֻԵ˵ĽȴҲκε֮ġ
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ôأԿҲĸ׺ʵ
زĻһԵְɣ
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ȻȴûᣬĵڣѦǲݳҵŮҪͳҶСƽţȴѪµˣֵһ벻һ𣿶Ѧ͡Ѫ
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Ѧɽɻ󣬡˼ò˵ҲǸʲôѪµ˰ɣ
ǣ磬ѦѦĶȥˣò裬²
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˵ǸҶȻڣҲȷкܶ˿Ϊ֤ĳһжŪװףȴҪһ㣬ȥô׵ľȴһΪϵˣңʲôˣô򵥣һͨҲˣ
ģǵøղҪ׸Լ𣿡
˵аЦʱȻһԥӣ۾ĴһĨϲƭ˵ģûʥ򣬸֪ʥ֮˵Ķжǿ
Ҳ֪㵽˵Щʲô
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ԭ˺ܴϣϣȴû뵽ͬ⣬ʵȻҳôĪеĽָô೤ûһΪѦɽ˵ڼΪʧһҪѦɽ˽ĳ嶯


1306 ֮䣨£
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ѪɲǣҲ֮𣬶˫ֳؽһǿĿռ䲨Ѧɽܵķλȫ

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Ѫ˲ʮؿѦɽѾúǲ԰׵ɫ˫иŲš
񽣵ĳ֣ڳ˾ɫһݡ
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ЦЦ漴ɫһܴ࣬磬㽫˴ȥһ֮Ҫ֪飡
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ģ
ָ֣һԪѦɽڣѦɽʱһƺߣѪⶸȻȫɢȥ
ڿˣĵѾҷӡûгҵʵܽ⿪Ц
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˵ţǲԱѦɽ첽뿪Ѧɽʲô³ûͬ顣
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Ȼ֪ѦɽǹӽΪľǶԼͼ죬һĸȴǼٵģģ
ȻʹȻˣԾɺǲ̡
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ѦɽţַʽѾԤϵģԼ˳ү֮⣬Ҳû뵽ˣ
ܶԼңǶõˣ
ԼҶԣһͼˣǸޱȵ¡ϾûڳǻĻѦɽΪԼһֻ
˵һտѦɽʵĿܱȽúܶ࣡ʹʹָıɣ
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컺ߵĪ˪ߣ仳гҭѵһ̾˼û˵ҵĻɣǺ´ˣҲ»ݾߣ
ң֪ģ磡
̧ͷǿ޵ú׵۾⣬֪ΪҺãĺúްԼôûпɽѦɽʵĿɵΪİңҡҡء
˵ţǿʹĸоðǿ㽵Ů˵ȷԳܡ


1307 ټѪ
磬𣿡
ҹոڴϵʱ򣬷űˣ⴫
ڣ
·Ŵ򿪣֮⣬ĸĸԿĪ˪ޡ
壬˪̣ǡ
΢俴һֹӣǲ⡣
ǽȥĪ˪Ц
ԣԣ룡
콫ڣǵһˮǶ档
ֶˣȻ밡Ī˪л
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ЦЦʵˣǸѦɽʵôˣ
˵ʱ򣬻⿴һע⵽ЩӣҲһЩ
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Լƭ֪˻ǹӽԼҪԼ岻ƽʱȷֵģĶȴͬһ㣬ҪĲһ׵顭
ǺүԸģ
Ī˪ҡҡͷ漴˫кâһƭŮĸ飬ҾԲ

ԿҲڱɱȻĵûֱɱõˣˣ͸ǧУ
ȿȡ
ŭӣ첻һʹһɫ
ע⵽ı飬̸ֳЦݣһο
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һǿ¶һĨЦݣ磬ڹ㣬һæ
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֪ʶܶʥǰ֪λʥǰδͽ˵ͽң롭ʦ
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Цãɿǿӣѵܾܾô
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Ī˪һ˿ĵҲܲģֶҲ֪ѧʥǰȫ£ѧ߰˳Ǿûģ
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ҡҡͷЦǺǵĵûоܾ˼ֻſλʥǰ˵ǰҪͽģϸϸ
˵Ԫݣаʥߺ͵ʥߣҲ֪ʥҵʦãѾѽͽܣʥȻǰҲŮض̳²ضԲϲҲǰͷ۵ĵط
ȻǲݵѧԺԺŷǰҲʥߣҲŷ̳²ҷ֮ų˵ʣ
ݵ켫ʥߣǳҶСƵʦ
ݵĺʥߺݵİʥλǰ֪ǵڶûͽǰҲô˽⣬ѾϧﰢһˣϧﰢȻǼǰųΪʥߵģȴҲѾΪͽϧﰢ̵Ĺʮ⣬ǲʺģ

Ļ˵ÿһλʥ߶˵һ÷ڵĿɿڴ
ôҲû뵽ڻԪ½ϲ˶ѵһʥǰȻᱻ˵ƺ֮ĹϵܺãԼ˵ô˽⺮ʥߺĻʥҲԲܾ
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ԿһĶͷ漴ԳĿЦ˵Щ껹Ļȥˣֶʮ갡
硭
ĿƣԭкܴϣҲɢ١
˿ѾڴòҪʥͬΪͽôԸĳɾͻ᲻Ϊʥ֮ͽأ

ô㣿
ԼĳУ켱ˣǰվŵӰ֮ʱȴǲüҲΪơ
Ϊ˾ȻѪеѪ粣
Ϊʲôң
Ѫ죬Ѫɫ˫˸ż鶯
ʱδݣҲûдѪɫۣϢһʱϳݡҲòϣѪѪ֮ͬʲôĲͬ㣬ȴһʱ֮˵
ڵѪ粣ȥͬڼСƵģԲᳬʮߣ
Ϊʲôҳüͷʵ
ԼץѦɽѪҲֱʵ
ң
ͷ漴ôѦɽĪģ
˵ǣ𣿡ѪЦ
Ϊأ
üëһֵˣ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôҪҷѦɽ˼ûǸ£ֱȥԼң
ͲֱԼţӦ֪ΪѪµˣ֮ٸʲôģѪ粼Ц
Ǳ̲
ɫһƷӿһӣѪ˲һ䣬쾪ȵǣȻһֵ˼ûС
ʥ޽¹˵һգѪ粣ҳֻΪ˵Щǲ˼̫ˣҪȥϢټ
ȵȡ
컰һ˵꣬ԥתߵΣѪ΢䣬ס졣
ôٻ飿פ㣬ȴδתĵʵ
Ųţ̲Ĳٰ֪ҲҺŽӵѦɽ飬Ҳ޹أѦɽѪ£ѪѾ˰ɣѪ粿˵
⻰һ侹Եʮϣٴüͷһ壬ŤͷѪ粣㵽Ҫʲô


1308 Ѫ粵ѣѦɽˣ
Ѫ粣гɻ֮û
뿴Ѫ֮һٵҪʲôιѵΪ˸Щ
Ѫµ˰ΪѪٵ֮һλѪʹͬ˵ѪϵӣȻȻͣ˵ûʲôԭ򣬿¾ǸɵӶŵİɣ
ûκζ⣡
Ѫ˫һ̯˵ģΪһǰ𣿡
ǿɲһȻʵȾٺ٣ȴǶıһó֮ûܹɣ쵭ػص
ҪңǵðҸɱˣ쵭еϷ֮⣬ѪҲһĵ
ǾҪΪٵ㣬ʲôֵŵˣʼ磬
㡭
ѪòУǱ˫޺޵ĶһۣҧУҾ͸㣬ˣ
ϴٴʼ磬ȴǹճһаȵĻߣѪ粿ĸҧҧ
һ̲飬ʹڱ˻ָ֮Ϊ˱ģֻԸȥ֣ҵ̣ɱ¾ŶֻΪ˶Ŀ
Ѫҧ˵ڶѦɽ飬ѪԸΪĿҪƿԼңӶܹ㣡ԼҺԪҽлƴô棡
죬ڸ˰ɣ˵꣬ѪĶ졣
ţǺǡ٣ڿЦɣ
ԣȻĵ׵ȷѾ߰˷֣ʼЦⲻһ֮ʶѣһ˵ȫ㰵зԸֻҪ޻Ѫأ
㣬㡭
⻰Ѫ粸òУ˫ץץƺ޲ýֱһץƵġ
ˣѽѽˣ
˰֣Цʱ㣬ר̽ҳֻΪ˸Щɣ
ߣ
Ѫ粺ǰһǺôı£ϵķѪӰŪˣŭѾ˿ʼԸǣЩѩưڸ˶ʼ㣬Сһ㣡

ѪһŵĹĺ͵ǣЩ㵣Լǲǿˡ
ôţѪƲžˣУһҪһ㣬Ҫ̫ˣǱҵģ
ʲô˼
⻰üͷ壬֪ҵп϶ѪµˣӦõλ̫ͣɵ飬ȴֲǴŭΪѪµˣĪ
ǣ
ѪҡҡͷȻҪ£ŭΪ˲ôȻʵȴ̫һЩˣҲ㵽˭ģԼСıǣ
ҡ
ԼֱЦã⻰˵һͲ˵ˣǹ
Ѫ粣㵽ʲôˣ
ЩףѪΪʲôҪЩѵѾѪ£
Ҳ԰ѳѪ£Ǿʲôֱ˵ˣαôڵģ
ˣ˵ĻҲ˵ˣˣ
ѪһΪֵ˿죬λԭʧ
¡
ȻʧٴλᣬѪü΢ĵ죬㲻ҪôߣʲôҲ˵ˣĪҪǿ𣿡
һ⣡
ʣѪޱĵ
Ѫʹݣʵ
˼Ҳ˵
Ѫҡҡͷĵ㲻ѾõһЩϢаٰѵԼ֪ȥ룿ס˵ĻҪ̫ˣҵģ
£Ѫ粵ֱʧûиٶʲôĻᣬüͷ壬ʾ֭벻ôֻ̾һصԼݾӵԺ䷿С

ڶһ磬ȴǵ֪һϢѦɽˣ
û
ѦɽȻԱүӷӦʱĻҪܵˡ
ϧүȴûѦɽе֪κõϢ
׼ȷ˵ԴѦɽץ֮ûпڣֶû˵Ҳ֪үӵ׶ʲôѦɽϧԱѰ
˶ѾˣٶʲôҲû壬ֻһѦɽѣѪ粿Ѿ֪ĴţҲûжѦɽ̫֮ġ
ֻǣڵ֪Ѧɽ֮ҲЩѹ
ϾѦɽǹƭģҲԼģ
˵Ҳòˣ
ѹˣ
磬ЦͰϵһºʥߺͰʥλǰǷͽ˼
̫ˣлл磡
ǿЦЦ滨ģϧ
ԱߣǼŮʱȥҲǲϵİοϹٷƺͿߵߣ˫۾жԵüΪ⡣
ܿ콫Ҫʦʥߵ齲˳ϹٷƺͿ˵ɫЩŹ֣ȴҲûж˵ʲôϾʦʥߵ뷨»Ԫ½ûûôֻ˼ܹı˱Ȳ˵Ĺϵѡ
˵ʥǰ֮ϹٷΪĴ磬ҲԱȲ
˳һʱϵԱݵĺʥߺ
ӺЦõҡͷ˺ʥߵĴţǰͽ˼˵ڵһԵ֮ˣ㣡
֪ˣȻʧԾɺòĳͷ
ţ
Ҳͷ󣬱㿪ʼϵʥ߽
ڿɻðûкϧﰢһСܵܳͨϵЦǺǵĵ
ȻִΧ˶ġ
ݺְ˰ɣͬһ䣬ȴžԵĹġ
һˣûʱȥϧﰢ̣ڨڨЦ
أҲûڼңҲ
ص˵ɣʲôϵң
ʵҲûʲôһֱûͽĴӦòͽܰɣҾʣûͽĴ㣿Ҳӣֱʵ
ôҽһͽܣ˭ȻܹλаôЩϷ֮⡣
ͱҵЦˣ
ڨڨһЦ齲˳ֵҿԱ֤ȷв׵ʣֻһֱôϲƷҲܺãŲòʧģ
ʵҲûͽĴ㣬Ȼô˵ˣǵҺ㰢æˣȥһԪԼҿ˵ɣ죬ǱȥĬƬ̣Ӧ
˶٣ֵҲӦ֪Ĺ⣬Բһ֤˵Ǹһʺϣ
ţҪȿ˵Ц
Ǻã
˴ţҲЩЦã֪ԸҲ⡣

պô콫˵һһʮĸһ飬ϲѣл
ɺģȴԥһ£˵磬˵ûһʥǰԸΪͽҿԸͽһ𣿡


1309 ͽ˼ҹӺ
Ļ΢һ㶺ȴǿЦҲԸһ𣬿ʵǺΣյģңҲ֪ҾǼѧԺƸʦ˵ʱȴǳ٣
˵ţЩʧɫ˶ٺɣĻ˵аɣȻұ֤ʥһͽȡǴӦ
ðɣȻûžܾҲѾǸ˼
˵첻Ըһ𣬿ɱϾڵĵѪ£һǶ޷չǻΣգ
ԣĿҲûе
תȥʥ߽ˣȻһĻʥϧڽĴȴɽϣûͬС
ϧﰢ̣ȻҲϲѣԼҸȫֳǶλʥߵľԾ⡣
ںԺУһ򵥵ѯ󣬽˵ͷʵȷǳԸԣҳ󻰱˵ǰ桭
ˣԼ֮˵ϲУһҲŮΪҵͽȴʮ࣬ʮΣյģǽҪ;ϣݹҲҪˣڶܣ
ԽԸڽͽ϶ʮϸ
һ죬Լĸĸ׵Ը⣡ʦģ
ãҽĵˣ
ͷ˵ȥʰһ£ﳤǣӽԺɽûдﵽҵҪ󣬾뿪벽
ǣʦԹӦŵ
ǰܹΪͽԼҵҲ֮ȷʦͽ֮ԵݣרŪһͽ䡭
Աߣ֮Կ˵Ȼû˵꣬ȴǰڰִϵͽЩͲˣҽͽҲ޹أĽܣټȷҲԵǾ˵ȥҲȻͬ⣡ʲôЩҲ˷ʱ䣡
ǣǣһоǰ˵ԿͷӦ
ҿҲһ̣
ЦǺǵڱ˵ȻעЩ񣬵ϾͽҲһ£Ͱ̾һ죬ԼҺúõذһᣬˣϾԺҪȥɽģҲ֪ʲôʱѧɹҲܹͼ˶ദһʱ䣡
⡭
ЩԥԿĪ˪Ҳ̳Ȱ˵ջϧ￪ˣͰ˵İɣҺþûˣóúõģɱھߣ
ðɣ
ϧﶼô˵Ҳٷԡ
һʱ䣬Լ˻ֵĺ
Լҵ˶֪Ѿ˰ʥ߽ΪʦϢҸԺܿٶȳΧӴȥŲԪݵԪҺ͹˼ҿ϶ҲõϢΪ˵˲Լ֮˹ŵԵʣҲûףء
ҹ԰үӣͽ򸾣ԿĪ˪򸾣Ծ򸾵ͬ£˵ļ֤£ϧͷһμ򵥵ͽʽ
Դˣ˰ʥʥ˵ͽܡ
ȻҪǸʥ߽ѧϰʥϧĹʺֻ佫нһЩָ㣬ܹõλʥߵĽ̵ҲǸԵˡ
ͽ֮ϧȴǺúģһҪүүԨǷ񻹺ãϾϧǳƺԨΪģһҲ˽еǹѪµһЩ״ˡ
ϾΪʥߣ뽣λʥһԶɲѪµڻԪ½ɽڵݣԲܳͬǱߵĲ¼
ԽϧҪѪ˽Էֹʲôͻ״֡
ΪԪ½ʥߣȻΪôͱҪǸеְ

˲һҹڶϣһԹ緹֮󣬽ϧ뿪ˣԼ˺ᣬԿĪ˪򸾸ǲĽһҪʦʦĻúȡһܹѧɻ
ΪĪ˪Īˮ֮ĹϵټĪˮϧʵҲãԽȻʱǣǻҲȥɽŮڽǷͬ⣬ǾͲö֪ˡ
ȻΪ˵ĵȷȷǹ°һЩҲֲˣ
λʥߺãԼȴӭһλˡ
˼ҼӺ
ӺǱԾӹԽӽģϾҲǹ˼ҳһ㻹ǹӺֶŮأ
Ծ͹ĽϣҲԼҺ͹˼ҵһɣҲͶϣûκǿ
ϣð£үӣӺ˹Ц
˼˵Цˣ
Ȼ۱֣үǺ͹Ӻ壬ҲǼѧԺ֮һĹֹүһӺүӶǸԼļⷽ潲Ҳͬȵλˡ
ټ֮֮ˣ䵽̶ֳȣ㲻ʲôҪĻǸԵʵ
ԣӺԼүҲֻͬȫǽӺͬ￴
֪˼ԹкҪ£үЦʵ
һ϶ҪϲԼңܹǰΪӣһϲɺص飬ԼҲضӷչ׳󣡡ӺЦ

үӰ֣ҲĻԵˣ
Ǻǣܹ֮ܶʥ֮ĹϵҲһ£
ӺЦЦ漴ֵʵ˴˴⹧֮⣬˵ڴˣģ
ң
˹ӺĻ΢΢һĪǱɽеǸռѷֳʲôˣ
Ǻǣ⵹ǣ
ӺЦҡҡͷ漴ԥһ£Цʵ٣ʵμǹ˼ңذæȰ˵һ£

⻰ʱЦãε˼˵ЦˣȻ͹ϵĹϵԣҲӦ֪ϵӣԸĻȥ˵ҲһģߣǵúúõΪʲôǵҪϻȥֹ˼أ
Ϊ˼ұҸʣضæӺ˵
Ȼ⻰𣿲ᣡ
˻ͬᣡ
һ۹Ӻ쵭ĵ˼ͷʵʵ˵ĪǣΪСӣױƭ𣿡
ǧ⣬Ҳû˼Ӻæ˵ϵԥʼ޷˵ԭһ񶼾һƵġ
û˵豭һڣصš
ˣǼŮԼϹٷƺͿ񽣣үӵԼ˶ǵȴǹӺ˵
ðɣȻˣҲͲˣ
ӺЦһ£ε̾ʵڵΪڲϵˣҹƣ¿ҾҪɷˣĻҹ˼񲻾ΣˣĻҹӺҲܹĿ


1310 ϹԪİϲã
ӺĻڳ˾ɫ˲䡣
˼⵽ô£Ϊôᵹˣ
үʮֲ⣬Щš
Ҳ֪ô£ҿԸоһжļûУƫƫ
ӺЦѵʼ磬ȴκξ⡣
ҿ
ڹӺûӦ֮ʣֱץסԪڣƬ̼ɫһݣҼǵϴμ˼ʵԪھֻеԪˣ
ô֣
֮ԣ˾ǾȲѡ
Ҳ
첽ǰһҲü΢һʱȷκжۼƫƫʵڲϵˣﶼԻٶȲС֣̫ˣ
˾ڹӺڵ벻κõĽ͡
ãȥѹϽӻ
Ƭ̣˵ǷԸΪ˼ҼҿɾͲұ֤ˣ
л٣Ӻεĵͷ
λȥȥ
쳯˵һֱԭ˲ʧΪԼڲʲôصԵʣҲ޷ֹ˲ơ
˲˸֮Ѿص˼ѧԺҲȥԼǣֱӽ˾ռмϣӺ˵һ飬϶ʱɫ䣬ϺѦ˵һſٵ˲»صԼҵС
ڼĵʱ䣬һʱ
˿٣Լ˶ʵһɲ֮УڰɩӷҲͬ㡣
壡
ϹӺӭȥ
ϻ
һץסӺ̽ɫԽԽأѿ˼㡣
飬ʲô֪öĪˮ洫ֱŤͷʵ
˵ã
ҡҡͷü΢ĵƶǶҴûܵĻȥɽʦÿҪʦһ
ʦãָȻǰʥԪİ顣
ʦҲȻĪˮˡ
λĳƺǸģ
ȥݼǰɣ
ϳĬһ˵
ãߣ
ߣ
ܿ죬Ǳүӵ˸뿪Լңɽķȥ
˵ǳģ˭뵽ô鷢飬ѺŮϹٷƶԷ񽣶԰÷ŮﶼǸΣϹٷƸˡ
Ͼ⻹ǵһθǳúõڻԪ½߿ôĽԷβѣȴǲûκβֻҪܹϹٷһѾˡ
֮⣬ǻѾͷˡ
ѾͷȻһЩΪ˻ǺܲģҲûΪԼҵκβ˼ǹԹԵظţûκεıԹǶøϲ

ɽܿһ˱ɽۡ
Ϻ͹Ӻ˶ǵһˣȻ˵ɽ飬˷Թ⾪һ£
ʥڵĵطع֮У
÷Ů˹ҲǼæеĻƣкŴԺ£ڸȲҪȥ֪ͨԪİʱԪİȴѾ˽
ʦã
ʦ
ʱϺ͹ӺҲ漴Ƿǰ
ض񣡡
Ԫİ֣ʾºĿϺ͹Ӻ漴ɵĿ졣
УϺ͹ӺֻˣȻ֪ǵĴڣΪʲôԴɽۣ
Ͼ֪ϲ˴ŵġ
ʦãʵҲû취
ǰסԪİĸ첲ȿ˼ҲһȤģ
ͷǰˣӺԣʱ˵
ãҿ˵Ҫûʲô⣬Ѿͷ͵űƨɰɣ
ԪİЦ󳯹Ӻֵ˼ߣ
ǣǰ
ӺӦߵԪİǰԪİȴָһһԪ˳ƴӺڣԪڵĲߣӺʱ㱻Ԫİ˽
Ȼ֣
ܿ죬Ԫİüͷһ壬Ҫ׼˵ʲôʱȴǺɫһϲ͵ŤͷԺķ˹ȥ
ô£
˲ĿԪİ飬Ԫİȴδʲôεϲ֮ɫ
ʦãĪǸ˺ˣ
۾һתͬϲĵ
Ǹˣ
Ӻ͹ʮֲ⣬˴˻ҲǺһ¶һĨЦݡ
ߣȥ
ԪİЦ˼Ҳ˶⣡
ԪİĴ·£һ˺ܿ˺ԺУǸԲѣʵڲ½ȴѾѵԪһ
Ԫ̫ϳϣԪİ˼
ˣضھΣԪİʵ
Ѿˣֻǵ˵ʵҪʱȥָܻжѾȫԪ칧ػص
ܺãһὫ֪ͨԪҵģԪİ˵
ǣԪ
ԪİԪ커˵ʱҲԪϺ͹Ӻ򵥽һ飬ùӺʱɫһϲ
Ԫֻ࣬Ԫж֮ԲѣԼȴǷжʵвϵˣ
ǣԪĺתҲùӺ˼ġ
ɾǲ֪ԪİλʥǰǷԸˡ
»صǰԺԪİϲ֮ɫɾţ鰡ܹκԪ죬㣡
ʦˣоɹҲṩһЩ׼ˣЦ
ԪǷһ飬һԪǱ߽ģ
ԪİЦŰ˰֣漴Ϻ͹Ӻ֣ӺҲʶԪģղҲ˵ˣӺԸĻɽϣȻӺԪ࣬һЩԲģҪһʱо٣Ҫȷ㵽ûж˵ʲôĶأܹǱ֮
Ը£
ӺԥӦ
ϾѾĴĿܣô᲻סأ
˭ҲĿԼһıɣ
壬ҲˣǱ߻տ
ӺϹ˵ڳ֮ǰѾͼｻˣ㲻Ը⣬Ϊǹ˼ңǵడ
İɣһȥģ
ͷ֮λǸţֻǰտһ£ˣһҪ뿪ģ
塭
˹ϵĻӺĵĽг
ö˵ˣѾ
ϰ֣ϵֻǼѧԺĸԺ
ðɣ
ӺЦѣȴҲòعϵ
ߵҲˣڹ뿪ɽȥ˹˼ңӺҲʼﱻԪİоƺҲ֮Ԫİǣ׼ó̡
أȻǴҪǣʥȻҲͬѾͷ˵˿ûκεΨһŮʲô⣡


1311 ˫
ΪвԪݺͶ໥ıеΨһһӣ˫ķΧȳǳأС֮һӴǸò֡
Ǵɽ뿪ȥһԼүǸǣߡ
ϴδӲݹû˫򣬶ֱӴΧԪݣһ֮ԻȴΪӵ캣ʮʹ֮һĸϦ鴫ţ˵˫ϳһЩ춯ϣаܹٲ̽
ֻϧʱ򣬸Ϧ˵춯ȫʧˣ»عƽϹٷǶǼΪ
˫Ȼסں˾¥캣ߵľݵ㣬为˵ȻҲǸϦˡ
˫ķвݺԪֲͬķòǺ˾¥˫Ҳǰеľ¥ÿĿ˶ǱĻҲ캣£ǴӿǵĽ̸һЩõϢлܣҲΪ캣ķչ˲СĹס
գһʮ˱˫й䡭
ϵ춯ȫʧҲ˵Ŀĳ״ɢԴҾ;Ϣ档
˵еһߵģҲֻзһˡ
س쵽ܣ˫Ȼû÷ŮҲĪˮҲ㲻İ
ֻǲܷǣ˫ϵ仯°Ȼϣĸ̣Ůֵ±ȫʲôĵǶҪȥһ䣬˼ֱЦá
٣
ڼŮһ·ʱȺȴǶһȻһЩϤŮ
˳ԴȥˡٻȺʫ裡
ںʫߣĸŮӣǵòΪֻڿĿʮɻ󣬸Ͳʶӡ
㰡
ЦЦʵòС㿴ڰٻеĵλ߰
ȻСʦѾȷΪһιˣ㲻񣡡ºǺʫŮеһ̺ǰ˵
Ůһñӿ˵ļƣ̬üͷһ塣ʵǲԪ۷壬ҲӦǱٻӵһˡҲӣְϰߡ
Դˣʾ
Ƽ񣡡
ʫԣʱŮһ䣬漴Ǹ٣˼Ƽ񣬻ٶ£
Сˣ
üͷչЦЦùϲС㼴ΪСôûڰٻר𣿡
ǳʫЦЦ˵
ŶԭˣҾͲźСˣЦ
١
ʫȴǺĳĿϹٷƺͿһ£ٲҽһλ𣿡
ԺСĴǣѵ²ҿǻǵõСõĲӰϷʰĵ
پͲҪʫ迪Цˣ
ʫЦŻӦһ䣬һЦֻܺ˵ҴϹٷƣλӦʶģǿ񽣣ڡ
֪ˣ
Ļʫϸ䣬͵һ֪аݵȻҲ뵽ϹٷƵݣϾܹӳΪаٴˣԪ½Ҳָ˵Ϲٷƿȥôˡ
Ϲٴ磬ʫôƺɣʫ賯ϹٷЦЦֻ̾û뵽㣬ʫĸ
Сˣ
ϹٷЦҲܸܹʶС㣡
ˣСҾͲϹٴ磬ٺͿ񽣴ˣǣ
ʫҲûйͣòЦЦ󣬱ĸٻȵȥȻ֮ȥˡ
ʱŮҲ·˳ϲӣӦһЩ·ڻǵҲû˿⣬Ǯڶ˵ֻһְˡ

СʦãղЩʲô˰߳˫ǸƼŮ̲סɻЩĵСʦڿǰٻȵļ̳ˣƾʲô̬ȶ㣿
ƾʲôƾκһҪǣǰٻȶֻһ仰飡⹻𣿡
ʫפ㣬תɫƼ˵
ʲôⲻܣ
˺ʫĻƼŮɫһ䣬ѿڶ
ʲôܵģ
ʫ״һ̾ҡͷĸǰٻһе̳ҲǱ˺ܴϣģ˻ãƼҪܺİӣ
ǰղŵƼһ仰ֱ㣬Ҹұ֤ٻ£ԻûΪͷ𣿡
ʫΪƼʱһ䣬ǲ֪νӿڡ
ȫסˡ
СʦãʦҲûʲôģ
ǰͲҪʦˣ
Ůɺʫȴε̾ΪŻҸǣҪǻˣҴǵĻƼ㲻Ҳñϣ
СʦãƼ֪ˣ
ʱƼĿڿеĵԺҲˣұ֤
ţ
ʫͷⲻ㣡ʵȷǳܹı䣬㽫Ҳмĺô
ƼˣƼصͷʱƱһƵģ·𶼵õһ
Ҳһ𣿡ʫοһЦ漴Ů
ף
ŮͬʱصͷȻǵݣʱȻʫûж˵˼Ҳûٶʡ
ˣǼȥɣγǰޣܵĻȡڻȥ֮ǰͻƵԪ
˵䣬ʫЦЦٴδŮǰȥŮһۣ뵽Լ˼ͻԪɵи˼ֵڴϣʮ㡣

תۣ¹ȥȥϲݣݣټ֮ǰĶݺвԪݣҲֻʣһûˡ
ȻҲֻǼ򵥵һѣϾǵʱ䲢ܹ࣬ͣʱ١
ˣǻµʱ䡣
ûκȰŵ·ߣȫߵĶĶȻҲֹ滮·ˡ
ϾݺͶݿǾԶ򣬰˵Ӧһȣջصݣн·̣ȴǻ˸ʱ䡣
ΣֻҪĿľѾ㹻ˡ
һվʮڵݡ
ڼ䣬ظǺ˵Ĺϵ׽û˵Ҫ뿪˼ǣʥȻһ򲻷Ůǰζûκػȥ뷨
ãҲ;еһĹʱʱļҲƽ˼Ȥ
ǵãϴߣΪ˺ؼҵ飬ֻؼѾǰҲûȥţйķңҲûȥֻһй䣬һ߳ɽķȥ
ΪǵĿȥݷýϧ˳ٿһӣҪȥˡ
ʱ˵ԼСһӻǱ߹İҲ𽥵ٽС


1312 Ϧɽ
һݵʮͨӣ֮ȥ˫Сʮ֮ࡣ
ȻҲи̵꣬ⲻôãҲ࣬Ϊ򸽽ûʲôħɽԵʰɣ
ϾڻԪ½ϣ˶ɱħ޶ġ
ȴҪǰȥɽıؾ֮·ҲΪҲŻӵĴڣΪֻҪȥɽôҲõϢЪŵĵط
Ҳһ·˳ϣѡһ͵ס£ʰһһ·糾͵ĴгԷΧʳ˵һЩݵҲ°Ȼ
ܿȴȤĵط
һϲŰɫȹŮӣÿʱÿ̶һͷɫ꣬Ȼ԰ɴ棬ȴӰ͹µģЩʳǷò϶ҲǾٲȻΪ˲˵Ů
ȹŮӣҲˡŮ
˵Ů֮ǰĳĳˣͿҪִˣ
˵ˣϢҲ̫˰ɣŮҪˣʱǿɶҪúõȥ
ԣԣŮĵ˲֪ˣڰȻȲˣҲ˶ˣ
ǣ˵ŮϹŮתͶ̥רŰЩѰߵģ
ˣû˵һ£˵ֻҪܹﵽŮĳŮͿ˵һԸ֪ģһ˾Ϊһʲôͨˣڶ̶ֱ֮׬˰
ǰҲ˵ˣΣҿҪȥܹõŮָ㣬ⱲӾͲóˣ
Χʳǵĸ̸ΧŮ΢΢һЦԺ𽥸ֳһŮӵգһаȵĻߡ
磿
ȻҲʲôɻĿ⳯ȥ
Ӧþˣ
ףЦŵû뵽ʱСϦȻҵȷûоȴСף
񽣹˼ھƣү˵ǷϦѾͷɣ
Цŵͷ
Ϧ飬Ҳǵ죬ԼߵҪ
뵽Ϧǰ׺ħ飬ϱ㸡ֳһĨõЦݡŮ֣
ЦЦ漴ϹٷƣԼɻУЦǺǵĽ򵥵һ飬ôҶԷϦ˺棬ǰ׺ħڳŮ۾һ
Ѿ˲ˣһҪȥŮ
Ůˣոսӣ
ҪĿȥȻŮˣ
ʱ͵ȻһԼֵ˵ļٽŲʳͶǷԱ׷׽˿첽뿪͵ϰͼҲˣǿЦá
磬߰ҲҪȥ
˵Ҳˣ漴ڼŮ󣬼糱ӿ
ڵһϣһɫȹ԰ɴŮӻУŮٷһ¶֮У·־֮⣬ĻһֻɰİɫС꣬Сë״β˦ţ˫תС۾鶯鲻Խֳ֮С
ȻСϦ
վȺУǵɫӰɵ΢Ц
СϦ
ģһתǴ
ϦŲһ٣Դȥ
ڼ죬Ϳ˵ʱ۾һҪ׼֮ʣȴҡҡͷ촽΢˵Щʲô÷ϦͷǿеļǼǰȥ
˿̵ȺϦľٶҲһ˳ֻϧûע⵽ʱѾʮ˲ƿٵ뿪
һƧУ˲ˣʱϦҲˡ
磬㣬񽣸磡
Ϧٵ˹һ˵黳УЩʵĵСϦǰ
ౡ
ʱϦеС׺ҲһӴܵ컳Уǿɰͷë׵Ĵβڿ˦ţԵޱǡ
ˣɵѾͷڵɲǰˣڿǴŮأҪ˿ӣðǸЦǺǵĵ
滵˵˼ң
ϦŶ˶ţע⵽˴Ƶģɵһ죬Ϊɬ
˺ˣǽһ£
һЦϦСǺ漴˶򵥵Ľһ飬ϦҲǺܹɵһһ硯ߡ㡯Ľţ˶ʱ֮˳ΪŮСϲѡ
ˣ磬ôѽҪȥɽҲҪȥǱߵŶһѺ󣬷Ϧĸ첲ȴŤͷʵ
ԣȥɽ
Ҳĵͷ漴ʵֻСϦȥǱʲôѵ𣿡
Ȼ
ϦͦͦСظЦԴҺС֮Ǿ;ȥɽǱأ콣Ҳأ
Ϧе콣磬ָıǰʥߵĴ֮һ콣̣
ŶΪʲôأ˵ɽΪģԲ֮ڶǽ𣿡ЦǺǵʵ
Ҳ֪أ
Ϧͷһ˵ǿȥأҲϲҵŶ
ౡ
ʱСȴǺĽǰצϱȻ
磬С˵Ϊ
Ϧ͵ʲôԭСԼҲ̵ʱУ
ѵΪϧﰢġŷ̾
а룬ȴҲûйЩЦЦкһͬ·ǰɽ·ϣϦҲûдɴΪñϳǻһɫȹʱѾͷ·ŮڼСһ㣬һ·ϸǴȥ˲ٵĻ֡
ڣԺҲ˳ĽɽĽΧΧȻȣֻǿϷĿУû˿ͣļɽȥ
콣ؽμ٣μС㣡
ûãӰ㼱ٶİڵء
λ粻ض񣬿
ȥԽ˷𣬶ʱûٶ˵ʲôϦ˹ȥס콣֣Ц콣磬СϦŶ𣿡
ˣ
콣Ǻޱϣ˿̾ǸֳһĨЦݣЩ졣
콣鷳ȥͨһ˵ˣ˵
ͨˣ
콣ɫָֻ״̬˵үͷ˷Ըҵǰӭλģ룡
Ǻǡãߣ
ЦЦ漴˱콣͵ؽ˵Ĵ·£ɽһ·ϣǷϦϵľ콣ǣ˾ǣ콣ûκβʱʱ¶ЦݣȫһƵġ


1313 ٽڣ
ʱٴˣȴڲһֻ֮С
ɽʱʵδʥаҲֻ˵ٱѣʱɽڣջ࣬ҪĸջҵаԼһֱ˵ıΪϹѩʨѩơ
˵ɽһء
ٴˣȻӵʥ۷ǿߣڿνǸп࡭
Сӣô뵽ˣ
ɽɽ۵Ժ䣬ϧЦ˵
ⲻ׼ȥ̺Ͳģ
ЦǺǵػص漴Ҳкһ£ϧϵЦݸ֡
ҿô˰ɣ
ϧﳯ춪һۣЦѡ
ٺ٣࣡ģ
ЦЦҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣһ硯ĴӺ˽ЦһкǴյǼŮߣߴߴ˵ͣ
СչŲõЦݣƺѾѦɽȫܵԺ󣬷·ȫǳʮֿġ
ȻɽϹòҲοЦЦ
Ϧϧĸ첲ֳİʥ߽һЦӦúλĹϵܺãһһһһ̵ĽţСĲС
ҲϧģҲûԵİټǵĹϵһʱɽԺеҲǼΪгһĽҲǽ¶˲ٵЦݡ
һȴǺһָǸ֪ʲôʵĵȻâ˸ڰɫƣͻأɫһݣǸоһٻ
ǵڳұ
þ취޷봢ָУǣⶫȻԼܽȥˣҾж֮ϵһ㣬ôǶ޷ĴڣͬȫһռƵġ
ȴû뵽ɽһĲǰѺڰ׷ƵΡ
Ǹ򡭡
˻̸ֽУȴüͷ΢ٻоԴķ
ûǴĻӦɽĺɽҲǽڣڵķ
ôˣϧﱾں˵ͻأע⵽ɫ仯֮ʱȴǵʵ
ҡ
ԥһ£ʵ̣ڣĿǲй̶ʱ䣿
Ȼ
ϧŹֵػصҼǵϴ黹пȥİɣô㲻ǵˣ
ǣֻҡ
ҡҡͷҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴͻأɽٲգۼƽĻУǱĽ⣬Ƭռеתڵķһ㣬Ժڵ˾ɫһ䡣
ãڣ
ȻվҪȥڣڴһɲǣȴ϶Ȼڰɫâʢ˵ľУ˲ʧ
硭
ܡ

뾪Ҳɫ˲䡣
ɽϳʲô飬ҪΪǧˡ
˵ңľ壬ԼϹԶ˻᲻ԭƾǽԼҲȻԭԼģ
ȥǡ
Ļո˵ȴǶϴһϵĶͻӲıסˡ

ϧţһŻعǿ¶һĨЦݵĵҷģδ£һλԵ
Ե
һеĵȴδô١
İɣܿɰȻأ˰֣Źֵһ۽ڣķϲɫȴһ̾漴ǻ뿪ˡ
ŽӰϧ΢΢㵼䣬ȴƺȻʲô˫ͫ΢ɵҲ¶һĨŹֵɫ֪ϲǡ
һĻҲֻʱסȻʧĵǣ֮ǰֺгֵȴǼ˲٣ͬĹغͷϦѾͷĬ
ϧЦһ£Ը˰ʱסĵطȺúϢҲֻܰȺˡ

һڹĴڣƮϰٱĶ̵ĿϸĺıУÿһ϶ɢŽ⣬ɫı˵жÿˡ
֮⣬ʮ׵ڸߴϢ
֪켶˵伮֮⣬ҪĻ䣬һҲܹ߸ա
ɫ㣬켶Ĵ
΢΢ǰϴκ飬񽣶һͬ˵ľ󣬸ûκ𣬼ֱһģһ
ôڣˣ
üͷûʲôͣȻǸԭڴָеĵǲܿƵķ˳
ϿգڰɫޱĹâƣգۼǿĿռ֮ȫһ޷Ŀռ˺ǿ£һԭʧٴγֵʱȴһʮֿĴС
һԲ̨ϣһţһȵϢӵӿвȻһĨޱ߾⣬ܵǽϾĳ˰˷󣬻֣ͬʵĳƵģ죬̵أˮ𣬾ףɽԼˮ
ͬʱâ֮ڣǬң˸ÿһвߣȻһ˿򣬶˸λĸ򣬷·ĵ׵һ˿ӡ
ڤʮ
̲סľ̾ϴǱѩƴģΧһлôϤ·ּԿһ㣬·оʱ䳤ӵţ޷κ׼ȷĽ͡
ǵãԼõĺаǰ
Ǹˣ񣡣
죬ˣ
Ȼ΢֮ʣϴεǸˣúϤ·Ѫ
ͬʱպõĺа˳ֱǶǵ˫Уԭֻиߴĵ˲ʱ㱻ڰɫâƣֳһ޴̫ͼֱص˼㡭
֮⣬֮ǰǸС͵ҲǻǾ޴̫ͼУֹں֮Ƶģ첻Եʮֺ桭
ǰٻ𣿡ǷǷʵ
Ǳ
Ӧȴû뵽Ѿʥ۷ʵ治ǡ
ˣȻһ٣ȴǺܿתԵ˴ν㻽˴ǱһĻԵҪ㣡ʵȴҲպ÷Ҫ󣡡
ĻԵ
һȴδʣĻ
֪жȻʣԾɲǸ֪ʱ򣡡
˶٣Ե֮ǰʱ⣬һܹȫشҪʣ
лǰ
ͷһſڵǾˡðһ⣬ǰʲôˣ


1314 ԵеļƬ
ʱͬ˵ϹʱڣȴҪϺܶ࣡
ʻҲ΢ĬһŻȻˣǱش㣬˳֮Ϊ콣ۣں˵ģֻǱһƷѣ
콣ۣ
һ£֮εȰ
ɽô£һƣһʵĻ֣
֪ΪΣĸֺ죬ֻϤ֮и·˵ĵӡ
ˣڶɣ콣۵
ǣ
ʱԺеɻѹһֵǰôӵкаģкԨԴ
⣡콣ûлشת

һ㶣콣ȴǼԵһ⣬Ҳֻܼ򵥵Ļ㣡
аǱУҲȷ֮ûбҵһ˿ʹãҵԨԴֻܺ˵ĳ̶޷ģ

Щֱش˲Ҳûлش
ðɡ
Цһ£漴ֵڿʵ𣿡
ʰɣ
ǰΪʲôһôϤжǰҲˣҵĳƵģüʵ
ֻܸ㣬ϤȷģԭֻܿԼȥң
콣˵ٴοЦãʵҲֻ֪ǰֶѣֶǣ콣ۡĸֿҲֻһƺţһίʵĳƺŰˡ
ڣϢ񣬱һ֮
콣ûٸʲô˵Ļᣬգۼڰɫâƶֱȫرǽ뵽˹ž޲붨״̬
˿̵ڸһ˲ȫƽ
ǱǿԵĽ붨״ֱ̬δţδ
¾ԼŪô£
죬򣡡
콣۵Ȼĵ𣬶ʱͬ뵽һƬأһ֮ƶ·ƬоֻһƵģĸ˷ƶƳΪһ޴ĺڶЩ˲һо
ʱĴУԭ콣۾޴̫ͼҲǻɵϿգһɫɫĹâӿڣǴӳұлõĵ˲ȫɢ뵽̫ͼƵģϵسӿ롭
Ķӣܲװ
콣ۼ״һ̾˷ܹкֽչҲֻȫԼˣ죬ϣһ㲻ʧˣͰɣ
֮̾޾ڴبžԶϢ
쾲붨콣Ҳٶԣ˲һŵľף
㱼䣬һ㣬һĸоӣʮظоʵûκ
һɲǣʥ۷ɹʥأʵ֮ľҲͬһʱȫȹ̡
ţʥ۷壬ʥأʥ۷塭
һֱʥ۷ͣ£졮ľĶǣʥʵ绹
Ե
ĻԵ
켤ѵʱһǿ˲ֻһ塯ٴλع鱾壬Ժо˲ģ壬ȴʮϤļ仭桭
һĻĻһ׹صӤʼͯʱڵҸڵļͥ
ȻģȴޱȸжԼͼ䶼õһ㣬ƵǣÿҪЩʱһȴֽʧˣֻ򲻶ļ⣬ƾֻһ㣬˵ľõ˾޴
ʱ䲻֪׹ȥãɴ붨С
ϵĺڰɫâҲ·ܵĳ𽥵ڣɢһʱʣ˿ǰ̨ϵľ޴˫аҲ˸ŵĹâƺԿȥδһ㣬ܵĿռһ̾Ϣ
̫żһЩ
̾Ϣ콣۵Ȼ𣬡죬
ৡ
ɲǣеһйƽ
һ콣۵ͬĺĳһ㣬ʱľת
ҡ
ЩɣǷֲá
һ˫
ҵʵĵʥ۷壿
Ӳ̽һ£ŵĵ
Ȼģֻϧ
콣һ̾ԭΪܹܣʼջҪһ㣡죬סĻҪ춷
Ҫ춷
ԣһ״Ժ⡣
֮ˣڷ֮ҪԶΪȻǴ
Ӧ˵˳ΪôҪ춷أ
ԺԻˣ
콣۵ĵУղеľмǲɸ߱ˣضԳܵĺ
˶˵𣿡üߣҸղŵʵƲᣬЩ仭Ҷûôͱ˵أ
ˣȥɣ
콣Ȼ˵ˣµɲǣǺаӵзɳûĴָڣһ׹⼱ڽȫֵɲǣҲ漴ԭʧ
Լ䣬ֻһ콣۵̾
磬û°ɣ

̤ʵصʱ򣬾ֱӻص֮ǰɽ۵ԺУûΧĻǣϧǹĵǴ˶С
Χʮ˫ǵϡ
û£뿪˶ã
΢΢һЦ֮ǰڤʮ⾭г׻عʵ
ӣʵ
ϧһ䣬漴Ȼһݣȴ¶ޱȵ𾪡
֮ǰϧﻹܸоʥ۷һЩϢҲֻʥصʵŹȥӣվǰȴͬһΪͨˣ۾ʮĿǰ¶Ҫ䵱ɲˡ
ǺǡЩѣ
ЦЦδ˵
Щô򵥣
ʱ˹ȻҲ֪㵽׾ʲôҲʣһҪס
벮ʾ£ͷ
죡
³ĸ֣⻰Լڳˣϧﶼɻ
⡭
üǲ⡣
ûʲôȴǰ˰ֻ֣Ҫסĸֱǣ׼չˣԱ㡣
£ٴת뿪ǿЦõˡ
̣֪˵ʲô˼𣿡
ϧĸ첲˾粻죬ѵ𣿲Ǵʲôհ
Ҳף
ϧ磬ƲˣˣʲôǺòһˣúϢϢ⡭
˵ϧﻰһ٣ϷʵĿɨ죬Ҳе飡Ǽҿɲ͵ȻΨʣ


1315 ʫ裬ܼң
ϧﷴǽǣԼͬ˦ƹһ㣬ŪǼֱЦá
غͷϦѾͷҲǴյһֻŹ͵ǣ֪ʲô¶ء
һʱ䣬СһӻǱ߹вһµʱ䣬Ҳ̫żȥɽҲԺúõİ
ʵ컹һ㣬ܲٴν뽣ڣͷɻҪȥǸص콣ǰأ
ڶһ磬Ĵߴ£ʼÿճˣغͷϦҲһ𣬵ҲԵ̫ƣֻѾͷʶһ죬ͺõͬ׽һǷϦеСףϲĶ󡭡
飬ŮǺͷ÷һͬɽΧϹٷƺͿȫ˱һ㣬Ū˼ΪΡ
ŷЦݣϹٷǾһжֵˡ
ϣܹһֱôĻȥǣ
ʱúܿ죬ת۱ȥ
ڼ䣬ϸҪ£˳ϦҲ̽ܵһЩָ㣬ʵȻûͻƣھ鷽ȴջ࡭
ɽĵˡ
սϧİţӦȥΧɱħޣҳǵΣʱ򣬻׼κ˳ְæ
ɽһ˲Уûиȥ˼֮ǰݺݵĳӹȥ˼ۡ
磬һȥ
ʱ飬ѺŮ˹ŶȣԱ߰ڷŲˮӣǿЦõʵ
ôˣ
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СӣƾҲ֪Щ
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ǵȷŹ˰
̾ҡҡͷ˫΢еĵѵǲ֪ʲôط𣿾Ͳܼٲ֮أ


1316 Ϸϧ棡
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ϧͷ漴ֵأϲңǾȰЩӸ˰ɣѲ㻹Ҫ𣿡
˵䣬Ȼ֮ɫ濴٣۾ֱҲһ˲伱˲١

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û˵꣬һ˦˹ȥѪݺѪĭһ˳θһĵأûκεĻ֮

׼ǰ֮ʣϧĳһ˲ƹŮ㵵Уϧ̧ű㳯ǵϵȥ
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ܼҴүǰɣҪʲôʲôǰɣ
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ϧٶǿĿɿڴֱֶǱֱɱҪǧ򱶰ɣ


1317 ܼҼ

ģ˻ʹһ类˵ϺһĳλڵϲϷʹͷ϶亹ϺκѪɫԡ
˻
쵹һ
ղϧһţȴֱϣĿ£Ȼʹ಻ȴ޷Թȥֻܲϳʹ࣡
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죬ϧûĶһۣǰĺһŮ˵飬Ѷ˰ɣҪСӸҶԲǣǾʰߣ

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ʱȴޱĳһâ˲ʧԶ
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ŮҲˣʮ˵İΧȦǲκһ⣬ԵûóڸһֵɲʱöԷü˵ûжٻ֮


1318 ӵı磡
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ϧǵǿʵʫЩѵʿˮʵϧﰢ̵ʲôˣʵ²Ԫô򵥰ɣǣҲ˰ɣ
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˵ʼĹ۲飬ԼŮĳ֣ĹУʫѾֳһĨȻЦݣ첻Եͷ
ǱٻʷȷԶˣȺʫι֮λ󣬰ٻֽӭһοٷչ

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ѣĿɨС׵ķϦкâһǸŮӦþǷСϦˣѵ˵Щ˶Ƿҵģˣǡ
漴֪뵽ʲô˫ͫٵһĨ壬ȴޱɱȡҧղΣЩ˶Ҫ

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ܵս˲ֹͣ˱ɱ⣬ʣµ˾һϧԼǱС

ֵͣ飬ŮЦϧ˴Ĵָǹɵ߻صϧվһɱ¾ǣԵɣûһ㡣
⣬⡭Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣʫѳڣš
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Ϸʥߣ
ϧĻٴɫ䣬ŤͷԶȥ޵ҧҧΨһĶӣ޲ùȥƤˣ
ƽʱ̰ŮɫҲˣϷĶҲҪһɣ
ȻϷ˼ʥϣⲻԼ˳ſӵ
ҲǱϧʥµɫ԰ײѣ֪ԼʲôˣʱվţǻȻ־嵽˼㡣
ν֪߲֣ҶȲ֪ݣɱܼôˣ¾ʹգȥ֮кϣ֪ΪΣһϧһǳϿҵĵ
֪˶ԷʥߵݣѾʧȥվȥ뷨ӣûϧһֱ㽫Ѫǵ۶ʲôһλʥȥƴǲԼ


1319 Ѫйأ
ò
ܼȻЩչޱѸ٣гңΪڵһơ
һλʥģôƴȫҲԲܸʥߴȥʲô̫˺
˵ϧλʥߵʵʥ֮ҲǺǿˣټϧﻹɷ򣬰ʥ߽
ϧͽǵĺԪ½ʥ߶ȫһ֣ټڵм壬ôܼҿ½Ϊмߵһ
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ʥʥߵĽǾԲΥǵ˼
ϧ뿪쾹ȻֱӳֹϣԻΪһĶ⣡
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ֻǣڶĳƺѾĳˡҲ㹧ʱֱ֣Լĸо¶ҪΪ˵Ķˣ
󣬺ʫǶ˵飬ѣԼϦأټϧﶼԾɾţǶ޵ķʸ֮
аɣȻܴô֣͹ֲˣ
ʼ磬͵ĺȻ֣ӦɲǣֱץסĲӵӲ

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ĿɨЩˣ˭Ҷһ̱ڣ
𶯣𶯣Ҳ漴죬˿ҷĵСŶλүĲ֪ʲôѪ°㣬ǰɣ
ҽƱ磡
˫ĿһݣǿƵ֪ǲײĲᣡ϶ҲѾ˱ʵ׼ҲҵֶΣ
˵䣬첻ٹĲģеֿһӡһɫֶϣ֮У궼ʱһ㣬ɫ˲ޱȲ԰ףκѪɫ


1320 ꣬ѪŰ

Ǻֺսѣ궼һֱ˺ĸоʹ̲ס˻
Ȼȴɫδ䣬ץĲϺתϢƿֻ쵭Եܼٸһλᣬ˵ǲ˵
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Ȼʹ࣬Ծҧ֣ɿ֮⡣
˿̣Χʣµʮܼ֮ҲǷ׷׶ŭĿӣԼĥǾǷŭѣȴ˿Ψһŭ֮ĽŤϡ
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ǼֵӣаЦĲú˵ô࣡˷ѿˮˣҲֲˣ
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ӦѪ粵ĸɣ쵭ļʵݣ
˵ֻҪұֵúãͻʥ򣬳Ϊʥ֮һ
ݣôĿ
ԣʱһ漴ȴһת뵽һֿܣٴʵ֪ѪеѪѪԪ½кζǸòҲĳɣ

ʻ΢һ˵ҲǺҪпƻԪ½ȷģἰٺ;ٷֱȥĸΪʵԵ˵Եʣֻݣ
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ҡ
Ļɫ˲䣬ǲ֪οڣ˵ҿڡ


1321 ͸ƻѪ
˿̣컰ϧҲȻ뵽ʲô΢΢һ䡣
ǰ״̬ңʲôıɽģ
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Ȼ֪ܲɽĴڣ֮ǰֳһУϸϸȷ˻ɡ
ɽ
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֪ɽϿסŰʥʥܼ߰ʲôıƵĻôǵĵҲδ̫һЩɣ
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ܴҿ
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ⲻҪԼô
ҲѣϧɱҲԽŨͬʵʰ㽫һɲǼɫò԰ֽǼ
ûУûС
ȫ󣬲ϵġ
ǲҪĥˣȷûа֪ͨң
ʱǽյԺű˿Ѫ粵λ롣
Ծûݣ֮ǰҹһģһȫž֮ˣǼŮ˵ֺΨϴŵһѪɫȹԼԴӽԺŵĵѪ⣬Ѫ֮˵ݾš
ôˣ
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˵ʵ֪ǵѵˣĲ档
֪͸ɽļƻѪ粰ΪȴһĸоѪ֮ôƺȫΪѪ¡
ôҵ¶ץˣҾͲ𣿡
ѪһĨЦЦ飬ɫЩƳһһ򵥻ֱּӻ˹ȥ˾ȴϧͬʱһЩ
Ѫ֮һѪ粣ôǸŮģϧﾪ㵵ĵ
ΪʲôҾͲŮģ
Ѫͷϧýţǳֺ֣α룬һӦûҵİɣ
ţ
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ţ
ŵͷ㵽ҪʲôȻƻ͸ɽѪĪҪɽ𣿡


1322 ٴѣܼ
û뵽쾹Ѫ˵ϧҲûʣʻսȭͷ
ϾڵɽѾͽļңϧԲκĻ죬ѪҲˣ
˵ǣ𣿡
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ԣϧһۣҲܿѪ粶档
Ѫ粣ܾѪ֮˲һܸܲң㵽ʲôˣºʵ
ܣڲܣ
ѪҡҡͷŵǾܷģѪ粲ǵĵˣ˵ڲǣ

١ίʵĽ
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ϧȴǽѪ粣Ȼ˵ǲǵˣΪʲôҪ͸ɽѵ㲻Ҫɽ
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Ѫ磬ĴȻһȵƣЦҲҪˣǲѾҵļƻ𣿶ңܼҲǷˣҿһǿ뿪ǣ
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ڣѪվˣֻɻϧԼǸԾɻе

תȥܼұˣǽϧĴԶ֣֡
ǸףһµλʥΪʲôȻܼҶ֣ҸϵĲܼϷֵĸɸɾлɾǷϦŮڵķˡ
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Ůԥĵͷͬ⣬ô˵ˣǾô¡
ܿ죬˱ɢŲͬĸ򻺻ѰȥȻׯ԰Ȼܴ󣬿ܹģܹҵǼһ飬ʱ»֮˶ͬʱҡҡͷκη֣
Ľűߵʯͷ߿磬òǸѪڹƭɣǼׯ԰˸׶죬Ķʲô
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ͷͬ˵
ϾѪ粿Ѫ֮һôʾãҲӲ˫ǵ˵ıʣ
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ѵĻЩ΢漴Ҳɵ˺ƽеĸ߶ȣϸĹ۲
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ûָͷϵһ£ָ·ׯ԰ĸ䣬㿴ЩǲǺѰׯ԰ͬ
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Щ죬ɵ˼˵и󷨽ׯ԰Χǣǽĺ˳ټ֮ǰвͰҲأҪ󷨵Ļǻֲᷢ𣿡
󷨣
ɲǣȴͻأҡҡͷ˫΢еĳûĻЩǼѧԺ
˵ռ䣿
Ŵ˺촽ܰɣôһռأ


1323 ׯ԰Ϣ
Ǿռ䣡
ǺһЦĺ촽使İУҪڼ˵ʲô֮ʣȴԱ˵˼˵ڵׯ԰ʵֻǱ棬ܼׯ԰ڣ
Ҿ˼
쳯ѵͷǿΧܼׯ԰ôڶ̶ʱڷչΪԺͷҿ
ǵأղҾܾòһʲôô˵ǵģȻСͼҪ˲٣Ҳֻ˵еȼĲãֵҲĸЩŹֵĿռ䲨ˣͷ۾˵
ô죿
ڱʵҪβҵܼׯ԰
ӦܵĹŹֿռ䲨ˣЩ˵Ŀ죬ҪõĽ͡
Ҳôģ
ٴεͷŵΣһһĿ˵ߣ
˵䣬ǵǸȥŮһۣͬʱٸϡ
գۣ䴦էһκ쳣ҲΨþֹܷ̽Ź֮ҪЩŹֵĿռ䲨ƺֻʥ֮˲ܸо˵ɫ΢һЩ
磬㿴û⵽ô£쾲Ĺ۲һʵ
ģһֻ²⣬ҪȷĻֻܽĸλȫ꣡˵ʲô²ȴδ˵
ţ˺ܿһϸ̽йŹֿռ䲨ķλüͷ˳˼ŮȴǻΧһߵȴĴ𰸣һͼҪܵĻһЩܹĶ
Ĭ·ȫܿռƵģ˫лʲôĽŲȴȻ߶Ĳ̺ĳһýעתƵϵŮ˿һŪ쵽Щʲô
νҵר
飬óöĻ±Ҳǲģ
ŮԵʮְûгΨִŵ˼
ڣڹȥʱ֮ۿĶͷϾȻֳ˿˿亹ɲǣ̧ľͷڵԭˣ͸ˣߣ
δӽͣԾһͷˮŮķٷȥͷ֮ʱȴɽȵһɽڣĸɫʻţɽڸ·һ㣬ôڲһѹ֮С
ôָо
Ů֣ղžԶ˻޲վﾹ·ǰɽʱᳯǱơ

ǺһЦɫٴȻһЩ˫ʼһӡ¸һЩĲ𽥳ǰɽȥסҵĽŲߣҪ̤һ
ã
Ȼ֪쵽ҪʲôǶΣŮǺԥĻϡ
ʮ׵ľ룬ƣŲ˲ӣŴŮɽڵ·ûʳʲô˫ӡһռ֮ƶγһӡϸԪӿŮĿԵжβ˵ŨŨ⡭
ҿ
ٿ䣬͵һȣ˫ֽһӡȻǰƳ
ŴŴš
ʱܿռϲǰɽڸ˲䱻Ŀռ֮ŮУɽڳֳһɫĿռУ·Ƭռйһ㣬Ƭռ𽥻谵˲١
ߣ
״һĨЦ⣬ǻִһԪŮһͬٵûǿռڡ

סܵһУŮʱȲѡ
ͨռУǾһׯ԰۴ĲøӾˣ֮ȥķҸҪֵ̨࣬ͤ¥ȻƲɾŨȷʵ֮Ҫ˲٣Ȼһʮĵط
ֻϧԾûһ˴ڣҪץһ¶ǲܵģ
ܼׯ԰
Χ¿ɰСͷЩֱȥĵطҪúܶأ
ǰ
ҲǵԴ漴ȴֺܿüֻ̫Ҳã˳Խȥķ
ǺǣܼҲˣǿҲû뵽羹ῴһУǴɣٺЦ漴һת˵Ѿ֮أҪռΣ
ȥٺͲ밢
ֵǿ϶ҪȥǱߵģûʲô̫Ĺϵʲô˵ˣǻǷɢң
ã
ĻŮͷ󣬱ǸԳŲͬķȥͬʱҲԵúСģϾ˭Ҳұ֤˵ûʲôΣա
ȻǵȷЩһٵɡ
ܼׯ԰ڣûΣգ˵ˣĸ֮⣬һŵﶼûҲͬûκεĻ壬̽ĹԵʮ˳
ϸ˲һʱ磬ǿ
󣬵Ϊ̺ԪԵʣ죬ѺһǻеļУɫһݣ漴ԥĿٳڵλöȥ
ܼׯ԰ĺԺӦֱܼϵ֮˾סĵط֮ܽӺƺĳֶν˴Ũȱ滹ҪǿһЩ
ȻҪȴЩԺеһŴ
ΪŴǵԺǽԵʣһ˵ֻҪ̫ȥעĻԲ˷쳣
ϧΪǶǵ̺ʽȻᱻŹˡ

ʱȲ֣ԺǽϣָǴһС֣ѵĵ⡭ǱıʼǣҼǵú
㣿
һȴΪǴԺǽֵ̫Եʣֻܼ򵥵Ŀȴ̫ϸ
üͷһ͵ػֽԺǽֱӱ俪ǿڴɵһСӳ
˵һУʵҲ߸ֶѣ
߸Ȼڲִټɵģǿ˺һķֱ
ʹԼ쫷硯֣
֣ϣ
ʹӦָѪʹң쫷硯ӦþǸ쫷ˣǰ˵ҼԿ϶ѪʹҵĳˣȻ쫷֮ʲôϵ
üͷ΢壬ŵĪǣץ߱ϵ˲Ѫ¶쫷磿ôܰ
ǰ
ŮҲɻѣΪ⡣
΢˼Ƭ̣˵˵᲻ѪץϣܼҵʱȴǱ쫷˸ˣ
ף
⻰۾һĿ
Ҳˣ΢һûѪУôİȫԾɻ


1324 ɻĲ²⣬Ů
Сӣϵʲôæúܣ¿˵û¿
ȷܼׯ԰ûκϵ֮Ǳܿ뿪ˣڻصɽŮȥϧǴ˴εг̣ԼóϵͷϹԶû˵ϹԶǼΪ͵㴫˹

ʱһ漴ǻЦĵͷӣæ𣿸òæʦͶʦŪʲôܵɣ
СӣҴǲǣĻϹԶʱŭɣͷߣ϶ᱻݺݵرһ١
ٺ١˺ˣϲĿЦˣ
һ˵ͷӣ£쫷ǲǽıϴѪµоˣ
ûУ
ϹԶشĺʹ죬üô֪ûУĪүүûȥѲµûУ鶼Ҳһ£ôң
СӣΪ㰡Ҹ㣬ûУʱ䣬ûκζϹԶ
Ǿˣ
üѣϹԶʵôˣСӣѲǹԹͽϱıˣСӲǳȥȥôôӣ
ͷӣġ
Ҳܿǽܼҵ齲˳ֻǹѪ粵¶Ҳ֪Ϊ쾹Ȼû˵
ȻҲԼʦֻǾý벻ƺû̫Ĺϵ
ô˵ӻΪ쫷˽˾ȳˣֻǣ˼ûУϹԶ˵
ͷӣܲܰҷһ£⵽ô£
Цı㣬ڱ̲ȫǶ˫ΨһˣȻƽû̫ı֣ҿԿֻΪ˲ҵĶѣ
ǡʹ͡쫷硯ְɣ
ǵģ

ϹԶһȴǳĬȻ˼ҲûдʣĵȺš
ӺϹԶСӣûһֿܣ֮ǰдˣһʹǰġ͡쫷硯ں󣡡
ţ
ԣһʵͷӣҴˣʲô˼
Сӡ
ϹԶĶ˶٣ǡʹ϶ָѪʹɣ͡쫷硯ûп˵Һҵ쫷綼Ѫµˣ˵ǣȥҺ쫷ȣ
ͷӣ֪϶뷨һ˵˰ɣûб̬
С˽Ӱ
ϹԶһЦЦõУ뵽һֿܣѪʹԽϴȥң
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͵ɫһ䡣
ԽԽֿܡ
Ѫʹҵĳˣ˿϶ҵеλͣôһĵ̺û˻뵽ǽϲصУȻϹԶĻҲⷽȥ롭
ͷӣǡ쫷硯ʲô˼ʵ
ǰһ˵Ļô
ϹԶĻĳ˲٣һżôֿܣһǽϵǸѾͷ֪Ӻε֪쫷Ĵڣȣڶֿܣȴǡڴ˵л쫷ˣӦЩʱ򲻾¶ݱˣ

ԣȴɫҲ˲١˲ǾѪ֮˵޿ײ룬󱳶˿˿亹
ˣСӣԼŰɣΣȻѪµЩôǸϵѾͷʱӦòʲôΣգ
һ仰ϹԶǱֱ߱Ӷ˴ţպôɫصԭأþδ

תۣǼȥ
ǴȻزݣȻͻȥˡϹԶһ²ԣôζҪȥңǸŵѪʹض
뿪֮ǰԽغͷϦ˻ȥŮǿĿУŵһǣŤȥ
Ѿ˽Ϊʦɽ
ܿ죬飬Ϲٷƴŷ񽣴Ű÷ܹ˱̤˻ȥݵ·;
ʱ˵Сһİڻаҵʱ䣬ֻѾЩȲˣڻصʱҪϵϻƣϧΣȴʼûܳɹ
ϹٷƴŷȥˮɽҲ÷һͬȥһǰ÷뿪̫еһҲǸҳķһЩͬ
ԣȥҲֻ죬飬Ѻˡ
ô죿ѵĻҪ£
ҺԺУЦãڶСһﵽھЩʲôҲԸеǡ
ҪȻȥߵǣ˵
У
ԥҡͷڿƽܾΣռȻʥ򣬵ѪµҪԸǣҲǺ׵ģ
ɴ
˵䣬ȥһ˺⣬ƴȥˣϹ϶ڵģȥϹȣ
˵ŮͷαȻԭʧѾֹһεȥ⣬˲ƵĿҲȷҲõĻһЩԩ·
Ȼ˲ȥǸϵʱȴǿЦõķ֣ƺСһﲻڣϹҲ֪ȥ˺δļҲӰ

⵺һûܷκһ΢Եħޣеħ޶ֻıܣҪʵ
ΣƵ˼㡣
գҲֻѡȥǷҪٵȰ£Ҳֻܻȥٺܲҵһȫİ취ܲܽСһ߰ɣ
ҹҪ׼˯ʱ򣬺ܰ׹⼱֣Ӧɲǣǰ׹ǿĿռ֮˲ڴʧٴγֵʱѾһСԱߣǲԶһСϷ¹⣬鶯֮
Ǿ裬֪ԼΪλ
ΧһɾڽһɲǼ䣬ǺӰϺĳһŮӣվǶ쿴ʵֻܴһŮӣӦúᡭ
վǶʲôɣ
û쿪ڣһݺŮ㴫У
İȴޱϤ֮УúУԭеľ边Ȼһ˲ȫȻʧ
ʲôˣԼ仯еЩ£ʵ
˭㲻ֻ֪Ҫ֪ľ㹻ˣ
ŮЦŻصͬʱת졭
ᣬȥ಻ʮ߰꣬ȴҲԵüΪأΪ¾棬춼޷пݣΨһ㣬ииղţ
㵽ʲôˣܰʲôʵ
ܰ㡭
ŮҪ˵ʲô֮ʣȴǺļ΢漴ͬСŮ㲻Ķ˶ţжһİۣǧǸĳ硭죬ҵȷܰ㣬ҿԸ˵Ϣ

ŮǰЩ㣵Ļȴ˵ϢЩ⶯æʲôϢ


1325 ͮͮͮ꣡
֪ΪΣŮ˵У·ԴѪһĻ־֮У
ʱʻУŮٴƮƮ֪Ѱϣ԰ɣ
ǵģ֪䣿ͷʵ
֪
ŮףϣĿУȴԵȴܸʲôطܹĵһϢȻȷѪУȴܰȫ

⻰һ˵˲û˵ԼҲܷΪϻѪʲôãʱȷǰȫģ
ⷬģŮһЦ𼱣һû˵꣡
ʵûһֱô򵥣
ŮԵЩ飬ܿ棬ȻԿܹ㣬ߵˣ
ʲô˼üͷһ塣
ԺͻˣǸѪµѪ粲Ǹ㣬òҪ̫Լߵҵģ˵ĲɣŮʵ
ţ
ͷɵ㶼֪Ӧüҵʱ䲻˰ɣ
ʲôѽҲûмأŮͬСŮĶ˶ţдһ˿
ָоڶԸһ㣬ʱии
ƺŮҲ쵽Լ̬Ȳ̫ԣʱһָܿ˸ղŵƽпܵĻò̫ʱҵˣѰңǺúõȥһǸѪ˵ĻԼǸѪ°ɣ
㵽ʲô˼У㾿ʲôˣ˼⡣
ии죬ŮκζĻ춼ֽ䵱Ѫʹˣ˵Щƭˡ
⻹еڶϢҲܸȤģ𣿡Ůûлشתʵ
룡
첻üǹԹԵͷ
ţŮǾԲẦģ֪ΪΣֻһָоһޱȼŵĸо

˷ģŮһЦ˶ٺܸĵڶϢԼйصģ
йأ
һŮͷЦ㲻һֱҿԸˮϢŶ
Ҳ֪
ԣ춸Ȼ˫һУ㵽ʲôˣΪʲô˽⣿
ˮ顭
Ů³֣ʱЦѣ˫־ٸͶ״ðɣȻ㲻Ը˵ԼҲˣ˵ɣˮĶ
ˮңŮ
ˮң
㶣ôˮңѾȥˣˮĻҲûиоģ
ΪʲôܣѵƾָоŮͷʵ
ҡ
죬һʱ֮䲻λش
ҸɣˮǱˮҵӡŶ
Ů˵Ӧûǵˮҵĺ°ɣ㲻ȥ˵󣬶԰ɣ

ЦǶָưҲ£ǲе㶼֪һ

ŮɰЦЦȻЩģȴϡԿŮ¶ſɰСһԺз·кܶģļ仭ʱǶŮĿⶼƺ˲١
ѽôʲô˼һẦߵ
ŮĿעУɵһڣ漴ȴֿЦදˡ
ҽ̸Ŷ
˵䣬ָһһʱûԺѹֺܿĽ뵽״̬
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ҲֻʹӡܹȥºƿˮķӡӶõˮ顣
ֻǣӡޱʥ۷ʵʮʱǿ˳ʩչƣ֮У·һսƵġ
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һľٻָͬʱŮмĵͷл
лŶ
ŮһЦȴǺ֮ǰǰ㳯жһİۣ˼֪һ㣬ûµģ
ʲôû£
첻ŮӣŮǿҡҡͷûûʲôأ
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ʼ磬ȻûŮŵ˵ʲôȴҲ֪˼˼ҵܣܲʲô鶼˵ɣ
ңֻҪǸŮĶԼûκε⣬ǾѾ㹻ˡ
ߣŵӡѾ˵Ǹȥ˼İֻҪȥˮңԺ˳ĴӺǶɹȡˮ飬ʵ˵ҲһĴٽ
硭
ʱ飬ѺŮӲԶ˹ŤͷȥŮЯֿٶ
磬ôˣôˣʵ
ͬʱҲվںӱߵǸŮ˵Ͼ裬ȷЩﷺᡣ
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켱æҪʲôû˵꣬Ůȴǰ棬ŮǷǷЦλɩӣ
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ҲЩסôȻɩˣ
ǰ
ŮЦλɩǧᣬҽиģΪʱ̫ϢԲûнһŶ

Ů˵һһ㶵ģҲͷˮ
ȴֲ֪ΪΣһ硯ﾹǷƺִŮ˵ΪУľһ
磬λúŶ
ߵߣĸ첲ͷŮ΢üͷȻչһЩȴΪŮݣԳ˼־֮⡣
ɩ˵ЦˣĶʲôصģ
ŮһЦС֣ѶɩӣɩӣǲҪأûκεĶ⣬Ҹѽ
硯еޱ˳ڣȴͷɻھȥҵĸ׶ľأǲǳ֮⣬ǻһŮ
ҲֻˣΪ֪ǾԲܵ顣
ȷûж⣬Һܴæͷ漴ˮˮҵ齲˳Ůʱ΢һЩ
ˣλɩӣǵͬ𣿿óҿ𣿡ģŮֵ
֪ͬ񣿡
ŮıҲǿٵı˺ü£鶼֪ͬҲ㲻ʲôˡ
Ůͷʾһ£ŽԵͬ˳ŮҲֻһۣ漴Цǡͬأˣﻹһ飬ǸǣǸƶɩӵŶ
ðɣǰʲôܶûˣ
ֽӹŮϷɹģŮϿһģһͬεĵ϶֮ǰǸǰйϵİɣ
ǰ
ĻŮЦúǲã漴λռɢֻһص磬ɩǣסŶҽͮ꣡ͮͮͮ꣡


1326 ͻȻ
ȥУŮûһ˿˯⡣
ΧһȦϰڷŵĿͬ񣬳ǿûó֮⣬ĿȻֱ飬ѣԼĳƵˡ
ֻŮ⣬ƻδͬ
磬ʲôʱôһãǺʵ
Ҳɻѡ
ȴǿЦҡͷ˵Լ֪ǻ𣿡
˵أ
Ůһۣüһ
ðɣҲ֪ǲţԼҲ㲻⵽ô£
Цţ΢һ٣һԱ㽫ղŷһжһһʮĽ˳ŮüֹŹ֡
˵㱻ǿдͳȥԼȥģ콲ɻ
ţ
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ףǰ
ûش۾һȵѾʥ۷ˣܹ޷ı͹ȥ¾ʥص˶ɣѲʥ򣬶ǡ
˵ѵʿˮ³
ôܣ
Ҳţһۣе֮ɫԱ
һʵӣǻʲôƨѪ£
ӹȥһŰɱ³ǸصѪ֮⣬αѪʹҲֻܳΪһʬ壡
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޳ָǿͬ񣬼ղҲ˵ˣʮ˽⣡֪Ѫ£֪ϣҪȻ֪飡ˮˮҵϢ㣡ѲɣһֱļУ
⡭
Ѵԣɫһ࣬ȴһЦε̾Ҳʹȴδͣһ룬ͬǲ²򣬾ǣҲ϶ֲˣţôģ
ΪԼ֪ãʵ

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磬պͬ񣬱㳯ȥˣ˵ЩҲûɶã˯ɣȻ˵͵кȦˣ
ԣԣ˯ȦŮĵ֮һأ
ѺҲߵ£ȴǿЦãһҹ˯кȦ¾ʮ죬һ²˯аɣ
Ҫʥʵܹ֮Ȧǲ˹أ

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һ
ͮ겻أ¶ľգͬ鳲һһٸС
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ĸŮԱߣվһЦõĺӡ
ڳĻȻᾪȵķ֣ͮҲмơ
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ͮͷ࣬̾ɵӣѵΪҺǾͲϣǣЩҪԾģֱؽǰһֻ¶ֻأ
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ԼŮĻһ̾Ҳܵģʼն֮£ֻ֮أΪĲҪɾ𣿡
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Ŷ֪ԺҲˣͮ۾΢죬ԹԵĵͷӦ
ˣˣ߰ɣǻȥɣ
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ܿ죬һڵӰʧǾ֮ϵƲٴλָ·ʲô鶼δһ㣬ֻһبžԶ̾þòϢ

ʲôˣ
ڶһ磬Ůմ˯֮ʱȴǺһŵ첻üͷһ壬ȳ
ͬʱŮҲ̴·
أ
û˻شУǷűȻֱƿһϤϢӭٶոӦɲǣһСһ˵ĻУʱ˾裬ϸֳޱȲõЦݡ
СѾͷôòͰְͻȻϮ
ЦǺǵ§ŻеСѾͷͷǺСѾͷཱུϲϵĲţСѾͷЦͣ
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ϧĻѾռݣҲֻ˵ŮǱߣͬһ㣬סĲӣһŤСӣʾòϲ뼤
ǱţѾɴˮѶһο΢ƽһЩ
죬
һžҵʱ򣬻Ƶ
ˣ
Ӧһ챧鱧Ѻǣһͬ棬ûƽ̤ɫƵİУҺԺΧҲЩڵǻһκˡ


1327 λ˫ͫͫ
ǴӷгŻƮڵأ
ɼˣǽ̤ƣǲڵϣʵȴ͵滹һЩġ
ƣòɻ𣿡ЦǺǵĵ
ѣжã
ȴǿĻĵѾǺ˻÷˰ɣ
ǣǣлʱǵչˣҸмͷӦ
⣬˵ˣλһϲ
ɺƽ·¶޹Ƶġ
ϲ
һ£漴ҡͷˣҲϡʲôϲֻҪҵĹŮ͹Զû¾㹻ˣ
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Ļʱͷһڣ۾ЦҸѡ
ְ֣ף
黳ȥһͬһ£Цͣ
ѾͷܸɴĴѺмܵϣе֣۾ޱȸжỨ
˵Ѿ꣬ڸԷ֮Сһʤࡣ
ƼһĻһ˫ƿ͸˫з˵жȻҲǱ֮ܰ򶯣ȴһ˲ܿĻָѰ̬
죬˵ľϲֻǸ㿴ģϣ㲻ҪҴǵĿģ
𣬶¹СһЦ㲻һְֱֺչʾһĳɹ𣿡
ѽѽְ֣
˻ƵĻСѾͷٵĵ˵Դ컳л˵վȡ
ְ֣裬Ѷ裬裬ǿŶ
СѾͷЦЦǷཱུСֿٵ˼ӡȻɫâʢĿӿУֳһɫϽ֯˸Բ̣ޱϢɢӿ
⻹Ҫģ
Ҫǣʱ˫ǱҽӣĿӣ־֮У·ĵеܶҪѿڶƵģǽ˫ע£ܵĿռ䶼ƵģǸ޷һ¡
ңܿ㽫ǽ˫ɢȥδʧ̬
̣
һĪѾΪһˣ
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ҡҡͷ΢΢֮ʱΪλ˫ͫҸԽ̵޼᲻ݵ˵Ϊһ壬ȴλ˫ͫ򣡡
λ˫ͫ
ظһ䣬ŸղԼʧ̬ӣЩ¡
Ҳòϣӵľϲȷ⣬ʲôΣյĻҲûɴȥһ衷ˣҲһֶΡ
ңң
ʱҲ黳ѳȥСһ˫ֲĵְ֣ҵı¿ɲŶ
ŶʲôðְֿЦĵ
ã
СһԴһ˫۾Ȼ䣬ŷǵ˸ƵģһƼһ޴ǿУ㹻ͣµһʱͻУӶ޷԰ˡ
ͬʱߵŮҲԳֳɫǱͫı仯˽ȥ쵱תԪ͵һȣŮѹ
Ȼ첻ֵĻŮҲ̫ãϾǿɶʥʵ

ŮԵľ̾ȴæˣ

Сһԣʱ۾ָЦܵԱߣһͬһһҵıסĴȣԴʵְ֣
һ츧ԴЦŵͷӦ
Ү
õĵС֣СһǱıģֻÿɰС飬ǿһݸƵҲ¶һĨЦ⡣
ְ֣߰ղŵ˫ͫô£ʵ
ͫľȻ¹æͫŶҲԥػص
ͫ
һ£ʵλ˫ͫʲô𣿡
а
СһԴ漴ȴͷһĵǣҲ˵أ
λ˫ͫͫڣλ˫ֻͫһˣ󣬶ͫȻСȴԴΧֻҪʩߵķԲ֮ڶܵӰ죬ҡ
˵΢һٺʵΧҲ᲻ӣֻ˵ǲֲ٣
ףһЩ
󣬻磬Ȼû򣬵ʵҲͻͽѾ൱ԪڣĺֹӦñҸװɣ
ţ
ͷһЩɬ磬ЦǺǵĳĴָѾͷʱһЦмֹɫ֮
첻òϣɶŮ֮ʡĵһ
ϲλ˫ͫͫϣ
ʵҲҪҪܹȫ
ֻҪܹȫ²Σ
ɵǼŮ裬Ԫ½ж˸Ҷǲ

֮ǰǵǲ֪жòŻ춼һֱԥǷûȥ
Сһﱻ˻ǽĵǡ
ԣڻ뿪֮΢һ£Ǿڶȥݳǰݷһ£ֱȥˮɽͷӺλʦǣȻҪطˡ
ڿǷܹӰ÷߳һͬȥҲû̫ĵġ
Ȼĵˮɽ˵ط󣬿ȴǺȻһ
ǾҪϰ÷һȥ
ľˣ
ˮɽɽУͿϯضԶһƣʱʱĺϼڣҲԵʮ⡣
ţһҪţû취ܾ񽣵ͷӦ
Ǿ͸Űɣ
ǺһЦǱ͸һģֿ̫ҲãֻǣǺһˣˮɽô죿
үͷİɣ
Цү캣ڳһЩŮֽҲģȰ÷ģ
⻹࣡
ͷڽƺ꣬ƨϵĲвݣʱ䲻ˣȥϢɣˣߣȥһȥһǱߣӦ˻Ƶɲܲ
һȥ
񽣽˵
㲻ȥһԼңЦǺǵʵ
ȥǶʲô
ƲƲ죬ɻûǣǴǱ߳˺üϮү㿴ڰûж˵ɰҲˣ
㰡
ǺЦЦĿ񽣵ļ򣬶˲Լҵκ飬ҡҡλεĸظݣ§ŸԵŮ˹Թ˯ȥˡ


1328 طعаɷ
ڶ죬һ˱뿪ˡ
죬飬ѣټСһǿӰ÷ܹʮ˱̤˻عĿռ䴫󡭡
÷ŮǵһȥΪǲʥԵʣͨռ䴫͵ʱ򣬿񽣺ĽǱͼŮһЦɿ񽣵ƤĲҪҪģὫЦϣǰ÷ŮɬȴҲΪ񽣵еޱů
ת˲䣬һʮ˱ǻص˱С
ŨµĿټԪ½źܴĸֻð÷Ů۾һΪõ÷̾ĺ޲õ桭
磬ǴֱȥǱߣȻһңߣȻаɷţӿռ䴫߳ʵ
ȻаɷŰɣȻӦ˻ҪȥģҲżһ̣˼һصдûȥˣҲ֪Σ
˶٣ֳʵĲȥԼң

ʻЩԥҡͷʱȲȥˣð÷аɷŰȻ˵ģǱϾǵһߣҪϤһ˵
ãߣ
Ҳǿȿ񽣣ЦЦ󣬱һͬаɷڵı̻ɽ˲ƶȥȻǴ÷ǱһһΪŮʵԲܲס˲ƵĿռ伷ѹ֮ޱչԪֽŮŮڸǾҸѣ
̻ɽڼ˲ƱǺܿǰϴѪ¹Ϯ֮Ȼаɷ˺ܶ࣬ȴҲ˶ӴڵΪ̻ɽǿƻѪµԵʣаɷŵи˼㣬кͱ֮ĶľȣԶԶаɷųΪ˱֮͵Ĵڡ
аɷ֮аǷǣ䵱˶˽һЩ󣬸ΪĿеľż񡭡
ۡүĵ̰أ
̻ɽ£ܵΣ÷̲סľ̾
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Ц⼸ļ򣬼򵥹󣬱ǴɽȥǼѣֱ뿪ǵߺһ⼸˲ŴӼƽΪǸ顭
ǻˣ
һɽ۵аɷɽׯ󣬸ʯŸԳӭ쿴ĿЦãЩһľٶƵġ
ǶѾˣΪ˵ݣʯ˲˿䱾аɷвٵ˾ܹǼŮָ㣬ŮȻȲȴҲʵͣ
ڻص֮󣬺˵һֳԱȥǿǶϤģҲõĻᷢʲôΣա
ߵİ÷úõĽһ£ҲΪмԵʣ໥ǺܿϤ
Ժҷ׷ʯŽаɷ򵥵Ľһ飬һһߵͷʱĶԴҽһʯڵĻ˦ƹ˵ˣԼµж˶
첻òϣΪ˸ʯλͬЭŻаɷŵĽ죡
һ÷ڶ̻ɽ̣״ЦǺǵÿ񽣴Ͱ߿ҪŮϤϾҲһˡ
ŮߣȴκһһжΪͻģ
˵˰ĸſʯͻأʵòǣҪ׼뿪˰ɣ
ʯʻΧĿ⡮ৡһȫϣԵޱȹ죬Ψһͬ
ǾḶ̌λĽ֪ЩʲôɫЩ㱣Ѱʱȫͬ
ȿȡ
ڨЦ˼
Ȼû˵Լӣʯβ֪˵ʲô
˵ˣаٴˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ʯûĶ豭һڣĵǵһ֮ڵʱж٣˼Ǻ޲ýȨԼأ˦ƹ񵱵ǲҲ̫ˣ
ȿȡʯ磬ⲻ߶𣿡
ڨڨһЦֵͬ˰ʯָ࣬оΧ˫ĿĿЦ컹Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
׼ʲôʱ뿪ʯǳˣ˶ٺʵ
ҪߣʱܼҪץһЩص
졭
ʯĲ֪˵ʲô
˵ܹӵܹĵĽȨ£ܹɷǶǵľΡ
Ϊһ֮죬Ȼһа˾Ÿ²ڣȻûȺ׵ĸоҲЩõġ
Ͼٵˣǳаͷģ
Ҳܣ
ʯ͵վֱ㶵Ķ졣
ʯ磬ʲô
ӣҿϱˣڵģ

ʯ౾Ҫ˵Ļֱӱ˻ȥͷߣӶЩ

Χ⻰ȴǲͬʱЦж࿪ˡ
˷Χȴͬһ㣬ûһ࣬ⲻҲаɷŵĳ
ˣҪˣֵܽã
Ȼںܶʱ̣½ױҪģҳһˡ
Ҳܣ㷴Ҫ죡ʯ࡮ݺݡĵһ죬˵
ΪʲôԣóʯȷҪ£΢ʵ
Ϊǵ𣿡
ԹˣæˣһԹʯķԸ
ͷʯ۵ע£ҪԼ˵һ֣̻ᱻ̵
òϣʯȷԽԽϣֿЦƵ˵Ǳֳ֮ӣȴҲֵܵһ棬˶׷¶˲õЦݡ
ȻӦˣ컹ǵڶ뿪̻ɽȴһ˶ԶС
Ůʥ򣬵ȴΣ֮УŮ£ǣСһ϶ҲҪһ𡭡
ΪаɷڱԵʣ˵ֱ߾룬м뻹Ҫ˼УȻһңҪүүԨ棬ѪʹпҸ߲ϸ˵˳ѪʹݾҲòˡ
뿪̻ɽΪץʱ䣬ԥó˲ƣ
ʥ۷ʵǰȴҪ˲٣˲֮Ѿ˳Ľ뵽ķΧȻ׼ʹ˲ƵɲǣȴǶϺȻһΪϤ


1329 ľͼľ
Զһ˶ǣ֣˵Ż
Ϥ첻ϸֳһĨаЦλԭʧܿռһ㣬˸޷

Ƕ˶ҪߵʱųһǹЦһһŮʱɫޱ䣬ʱŮӱͬʱһȵʲôˣ
û뵽ߣȻҺͶľˣ
ĹЦɣԪܿռ䣬·˷Ƶģ˸ɫ˼㡣
˲ǱˣۺͶľĶľͼ
ľʽһȻҪ˵֮ĸ׶ľزĻϾǿǾܹõͬ
ʲôͷ¶βģСС㣡ۺǰĳܽ߳
۶ģʵɲ⣬ߣ
ľͼ˵˲ѾԼҲԲİ˶κΣա
ƴԼҲһҪ֤۵ľ԰ȫ
Ҳߣ
ȴǼᶨҡͷͼ磬ҪһҪһ
Ǻܸ˰ֻֻһˣ
ЦţȻȴǺһ䣬ü΢ɲǣ͵Ц˳
飬ľͼɫҲǱһ£۶û°ɣô
ûµģͼ磡
ҡҡͷİɣǶµģ
ǡ
ľͼɫȴԽѿ
˺ڣʵǳ̫̫ࡣ
ҪɱǣҲǲѴ֮
ûʲôǵģ
ҡҡͷڳľͼЦ֮ȴ͵Ťͷܣ߳磬㻹ϽôŻõ𣿿Ҳҧ㣡
ʲô
է۵Ļľͼһ£۶˵٣ⲻܰɣ

ڰҲ㶣ô֪ġ
磬ٲĻҾͻȥ״˵۸ңߺߣ˫ֲԲɵĵ
۶ô֪ҵģ
ЦãλԱ߸˳
Ȼ㣬磡
ۼ״ʱ˹ȥץֱۺԥһڱҧȥһҧŻһԹݺĵң۸ңߺߣ磡Ҳҧ㣡
٣㣡
ۣľͼȴ˲˾裬ǺЦͷ
˵ͼ磬ϱߣҪҧˣɥҲҷΨ˵ۡ
磡
ûȶľͼ֣۱ɿֱ̧ۣͷĥСĻֱۣ˼˵ǹ
ӣҵͷٺݺҧȥơ
ûûĶҰ۶ɰƯӣæ
ߣ⻹࣡
ͷ漴ĹĵĵŻҺͼ黹꣡磬ҵţ

ЦãⲻǺǿЦ𣿡
ߣŲ㣡
۰ƲƲ죬ܿȴҲֺЦлָ˹Ա߶ľͼһĻҲϺЦɡ
ľͷˣûұ۸𣿡
ľͼӣߵǰһŤǽģֶ֮
ӣ˿Ѿһ
Ҳ첻οһЦϾνʲôֻమŻǽҸ
ˣʱһֱ𣿡
ЦǺǵ˵ҿ۶ʵԪڣۿҪͻˣͼ㾹ѾͻƳɹﵽʥһأǿϲɺأ˵Сڻͷ϶Ҳвپʵľɣ
ߣҿţ
۰ͷȴ쿴һݸ
ȻȷһЩΪȴΪҲܵõͬ
ã
ľͼЦͷ˵ҵһϹŶһβĻЩˣԴϢϢټϳҲЩˣҪؼһˣ
ǻң΢΢¶һĨϷʵĻߡ
ţ
ľͼһ£ȴ˫ֲ߳ôа磬Ҹ㣬㲻׼۸ľͷȻҾͻȥ״ߺߣ
ðɺðɣһ˵Ͷ
˫־ٸͶ״۸ǰһżãҲҪȥǴһһߣһ˲ƻȥ
˲ưɣ٣ʵһЩ˲ƵľҲ
ľͼЩЦ˵ţû˵꣬۱̴ϵľͷ㻹汿أ֪۸Լӵĳһ𲻾ˣߺߣҪǸ˵һ֣Ҿҧ
˵䣬۵ĳͶľͼǿЦá
Ҳû˵ʲôǻִһԪ֣ǳڵɽ˲ƶȥ
ȻΪ˱ʾҵأδֱӽɽǾ˲⣬ǱҪͨнɽӶܻصء
ľͼûкʽ֮ǰԾֻ˵ˣûеõ֮ǰǾԲܽصģ˭·أң۵Ѿ϶ˣڵǿҲֻһֱϵĳʽҪߣҲû̫˼ɵıǴһͬȥ

صĳԺУһ˼
ǲְ
ЦǺǵĵһ죬˵㿴жûڼ
ٺ١ұһ˰
ڨڨЦЦʵҸղȥүү˼Һڣ
ţĳڱչأӦÿҪͻƵʥˣͷ˵
ʥء
ıЩ죬Ҳץסһ㣬ĿƵĳȥҪΪʲôȴǶ豭ȻһȥĲˮûȥгޱȵ𾪣Ͳûˡ
㣬ʵ
˿̣ǲš
ٺ١
ڨЦͷûŲᱻ֣Ͼʥ۷塣
ѣ֮ǰڻԪ½Ǳ˵
Сӣһ
һ΢ƽһЩȴεľԳ˵ʮɣ
Цŵͷʮʥ۷壬ҺЩȫȥˣ

˴˻Ѳܵͷǣ
˵ʱСӾͻᳬˣ
Լٵһ裬ͬʱʵˣӦʲô°ɣ
ţ
ͷɫ˲üΪȻҿȷѪʹң֮ǰǻɵĳѪ֮ˣ
ۡ
𣬸պȵĲˮֱ˳˲ù̲ˮմ죬˵ʲôܹȷ𣿡


1330 飬Ԩأ
ǽûˡ
ڵĵĿɲЩʲôˮ˷ѣһĶ˵Ļסˣϰµƽ
Ѫʹôֱǲְ˼㣡
¾ҲѴ̣
ʱĿУصͷ漴ԼõϢȫ˳ʱȴԾû˵Ѫ粵飬ֻǾԿ϶֤Ϣʵԣ
һ¾Ǽλǰô˵ҲǰŰɣϾҿǴϹʱڱ㴫ļ壬ôܻᱻѪµ͸ҸΪҸ߲أ
ɴ˻ǳУȻ첢δʲô䷢֮࣬ѡţΪ֪û˽ĵģǾԲЦ
˼˵ϴҺͶжʵǸѪʹΪʵ
Ҳһ
ҪͷȴǺȻ뵽֮ǰǻԪ½޾ϣѪʹ֮ʱΡ
ѪʹǸʱȻжйأȴֻ˵ǷԸΪδ֡
Ȼ˵ĻһܹţȴоǸʱδ˵ѣҲûбҪ˵ѣ
ʲô˼ԥӣüʵ

ɣ̧׵˭˵ǼֻѪʹһˣ
⡭
𱻴˻Ūþһ£˫кâ˸˵öԣѪʹǼˣô϶˴ڣֻ̫࣬Ҳȥ𰡣
ǰҲĵĵط
ףӦпܵĻҽ÷һЩû̫Ҫ飬ҪȽѪʹѪ֮ҳȻʱϵԽ»ԼԽ
ţ֪
ͷ漴в豭ȥϣϺϻһ飡үүڱչأܵţ
˵ţۿžҪ߳ԺţȻȴǺĵ
ôפ㣬Ťͷʵ
ȻҲ˵ǲò˵
Цһ£Ȼû˵ȥɫøѿò˵λǶ˰ɣ
ҡ
죬ȴʲôû˵
ˡ
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𻺻˵ţʮֿɬ뻳ǵģȴȴҲףЩʱҪĻҲǲٵģ
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ңټүү
ŻصģҲͲˣҽҪװʲô֪ȻŰŲ飬ǧܴݾߣѪʹαʵһֵĻ룡
һ㾡ܷģ
ҵʵû㿴ô򵥣Ѫµ˺αأ
˼˵ǼҲǿߣ۾һʵ
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ͷǣ⹫Ķľ壬Լ嶼УֻûаڵѣȻܹϹʱɳʢ˥أңеһҲ϶иԵ̣
ҵ˽⻹̫ƬһЩ
̾һҲûⷽ˵˶ٺתԵ˵ĵҲ޵ұҪúõһ룬ȻȥϢɣ
õģ
ͷ뿪ˡ
ŭΪ̰Ȩ֮ǰͶжȲҪƿⷽɿһ˵Ҫ˭ѪʹĻ϶׵ĵһɶ
ݣϴκͼһжֵȻ֮һݵĶȴȻܹܿѣҲΪ컳ɵɵ㡣ɻһȥ룬ʦĪˮʱ֣ݵһ㶾㲻ҲԳܣпܴӴ˱ɷˣⷽ˵ݵĻƺҲԼࡣ
壬ǰ㣬˵ҵԵõһҲûйκλɣ䵱ж֮ʱææ⣬ȫһĵӡ
үүĳԨǾ͸˵ˡԼүүţǻȥ˭أ
һ·˼ţܿǻصרԺС
ԺһȾһƬ֦ҶûУȻÿ춼˺ϸĴɨϲ¶һĨܰЦݡ
ҵĸоȷ
Ժ䣬ţҲ΢ɢһЩ
Ѫʹ߼֮ԼҲһ룬Ͼ϶ԣ˵˽϶ҪһЩԿʵİţڵҪȡܹѪʹǼһ
ҵѪ֮ˣֻҪܹѪʹôЩ˱ضҲ֮¶ҪЩ˷̫ľϾѪʹؼģ

ʱԺű죬̧ͷһ˽
ƽԼľͼˡ
۶˵ˣ
ЦǺǵĵôλãҪ˰ɣ
Ҷ
ִӷóôºʼ磬治˼˵ˣһĴߣ⻹ÿİţұҪ뿪ģ
ǲʲô飿Ҫæ𣿡ʵ
ұҪȥǱһˣȻ̫ʱ䣬Ҳȴһ׮飡ǺЦŻص
Ҫæ˵һȻû̫ı£ֻǿԵģЦ
磬Ҳ̫ǫ˰ɣ
ԺǺһЦҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǺɫһݣվ࡭
ôˣ
˾٣üһ
ܿ죬ҲɫȻһЩΪԵĸоڳķӿȥƴʱǣص˶ˡ
ѵǵϮƽ˵
ǣ
ҡҡͷϲõĵүүҪˣߣȥ
ĳϳأߣ
һ𣡡
ܿ죬˱뿪Ժ䣬ʱҲвٵ˷׷׳Ǳ߿ȥ໥к²ȴǲͣʮӺ󣬱һɽվ
˾ȵķ֣һˣλ϶Ĺˡ
ɽƣǧ֮ߣԭڰɽİƣȴܵӿӰӶƮɢţһǿѹٳڳϯôҶǲ׷׽һЩ

żӺЩǽ뺣һûɽпʧһЦ쳹ĴԨ˲ƵĳУޱߵѹضΪ֮İ磬ʹڶ֮˷׷¶ޱ顭


1331 ƾͼƣ
ĳԨĳأ˲Сĺ䶯ֲֿѹڹȥһʱ·ļ⣬˶ڷ׷̸һĻкЩδֲֿܵѹˣĲѡ
ԨıԺУ𣬴ŭݣԼڴˣ׷ױʾǶԨ˷ɹͻʥصء
ԨԽ˺׷֮ͯУ͸¶һԽʡ
ܿ죬ΪҪ񣬳֮˶뿪ˡ
ԨʱлϸϸԼȻܿȴֺ֮ǰļһʱֳʵɵŴ͡
ԣԨֻоеĿʵˣԨǾȡ
ʵ
Ԩ̲סĳʵ
Ǻǡʥ۷壡
һЦ˵ĻȴԨͷȻһ
㣬㰡
Ԩ̾һԭͻ֮ϲöһĨΡ
û뵽ΪүүȻԼˣЩεͬʱĵ׸ȴο뽾
ʣ˭ܹһӵӣ
˵ߣǰ޹ˣ
үүҶӣ
ЦЦԨһ裬˫͵ԨǰЦүүȲ裡
ãã
Ԩӹ豭Ц˵ĲԨӣܹԨգ
ˣ
һڲ裬Ԩʵ㲻ǻȥԪ½ʲôʱģǱһжã
үүҸ˵
漴ǽԼڻԪ½ϵľ˳ᵽ̲ԼѪйص飬Ԩ˫ԲﲻϴŸѪ¡
ʱ»ˣɫΪأһ֮ǰԨͻƳɹ֮ʱɺϲá
ǡ
Ԩ⣬ǰڰ֣ûүү˵𣿡
ûü˵ҲҪ
ЦЦ漴֮ǰѪʹһȫٴظһ飬Ԩɫޱѿȷ
ţ
صͷѪʹ֮һѾӹɣпܻҵĸ߲ص֮
Ǽ˼ԨĿ⿴ʵ
ûʲô˼
Цһ£˫̯ĵڻû뵽ôźãҪ콫˾ʱϵԽԽҲ
ܹѪʹǱҵҪʲôͺˣԱ˵
ᣬȴԨһ
˶һۣԨʱʲô뷨ֱ˵ɣ
֪Ϊô԰мƻһ߳㲻ܻܽɱҲԽ¶Ŀκ֮أ
Ȼô˵ָô֪Ŀģʳָô棬ɫΪء
ǸҪ֪
Ԩ˫۶ȻһĨâ쿴ɲǣٴοڣ˵һԺиղһļƻ첻ǰһͷ
ƻ߳⣬˵ǽƾͼƣ
ΪȻ֪ѪʹĿģп϶һҪң˵ƿңôһԸһΪõĳֱԽڷ׳Ļᣡ

ߡ
һΪ˿񽣻عԼңϾֶͷϹԶȡӦĽط۷ԼҵĵϵѪӵѪ˲߱
ڶΪʦĪˮȥľȻҲΪ˾¼𣬷ôڻ˽ǰ
˴εεĵȴΪжʥ޻Ƶŵõһ춼֪Ķ
ջ˵ֻҪǶķԲǧ֮ڣһʯͷᷢⷢȣֻԪʯͷԶǰȥǶڵأڵʲôҲܺ棡ϾܹûƶҪõģԲǷ
ȻķΧȻȲ򣬵ȴҲѣΪܹ׼ȷҵʹ˲ƣֻܲϵշУɾʥ۷ʵҪһĻ¾һµʱҲһܹ
;УƽϺȻ¶һĨаЦ΢΢𣬵ȴʲôûƵģǰȥȴһԼг̺ʼոŵβһߵļүүԨ㱨λܹʱ˽⵽ԼĶ̬
֮ǰλļƻҲҪΪѰҶôպñԴյһ
ⶫǻҪģ쵱ʱԿƵּȣû֪ѪʹҪᣬ˵Ѿ֣ڻƵŭ£Ѫʹǻֵ˺ȥ
ȻȻ˻Ƶ˼ŻҲСˣʥޣһ·УûκͣǿʼĿĵΧڵţһΪʱ̸ӦǴָʯͷı仯һҲܹúβܹʱϣμƻ񲻾˷ˣ
Ҳ֪ǲڷ˲һ֮ɫ𽥻谵ʱ챾׼ѡһطϢһҹոմӿƮڵصɲǣȻһǷڴָڵʯͷգ۱УʱϵʯͷȻɢ˵ĺ⣬һ֮л
Ȼ˵ס
״ʱ¶һĨõЦݡ
֮ǰڱԹѣû뵽Ųһʱ䣬ʯͷȻķⷢˡ
ζţѾ˻ҪķԲǧ֮ڣ
ǧ׵ķΧ˵㲻ʲôĶ˲Ϣ
ҵҪǵʲôıӵʥ޶˿أ
΢΢𣬲¶ۼɨһΧԪʯͷУʯͷ϶ʱɫâʢת˲佫ȫһ⳯ǰȥ
һСɽ첢ֱʲô֣ڱĿĵԺȴǺܿжϳѾСɽڵλþȻһʮľɽȡ
ĪǶɽڣ
컷ΧɽȲ󣬼һԽһпһֻɽȵЩţȴ˿Ȥ
ˣϸң
ҡҡͷĿ۵ı㿪ʼɽлߣɽȫһһĵ涼ûŹ
ʱǹȿŰ״ȴнʮοٶͬһ㣬ҹɫڻûκζ
Ʋ˵ⶫԴǶڵܲҰɽȶһɣ
Цã
Ҫ˵ʲô֮ʣȴĿȻһ̧׳Ҳɽȵɽȥ
Ȼźܶľ֣ڱ򶼿ĸɫܣעģȴ͸Щ֮ɽһΰݡ


1332 ˹ȣߵѪ
ǸΰݣǺеʯͷСȫһ£
˵ֻһɺϣ׳նŵİɣ
վԭ˼Ƭ̣ɢľʼƫƣһȻֵΰݣһΧѰҿǷͬĴڡ
ɽȲ󣬶ҲľʱָҲûо̫ĽһȫϸĿһ飬ȷֻôһΰݺλڿգΰݴ˹ȥ
ΰݴ֮ʱָһеʯͷɢŵĺ⣬ɿû뵽ǰݴУ
˿Ϸ죡
ף
һΪԵĸоɽȵĿռ䶼ʼ΢΢ֲڲϵǿӣһɹųɫһ䣬ξǲܿƵĻȥ
ô£
ʮֲ⣬ܹƿӵʱ򣬾Ѿ˹ȿڴ
֮⣬ʮڴˣǵӦöǸձǿű˳ģ
ʲôˣ
ɫһ࣬Ȼףǹʵ
ᣬλǧᣡ
һ˼æЦǶס⸽ˣÿ춼ɱħ޵ģʲôֻǽɫˣҪҸطϢ
Ŷ
ͷ˴ԣЦǺǵĵ֪֪ɽȽʲô֣ΪʲôȻֱ仯
治֪
Щ˶һۺ׷ҡͷ֮ǰ˵ֵ֪ʵɽûʲôģɽҲȥ˺ܶΣڳǵһأ
ţ
ٴεͷ˶ٺֵˣʲôǴҵطϢô˲ȥͲ¼˵𣿡
ʲôõĵģ
ЦЦ˵ǴҶǳ⸽ˣɽȵı仯⣬ط˵ָƣĶΣǱ۾֪ģ
ðɣ
ʼ磬㲻ٶԵŤͷȥ˭ҲûпǹճϷʻߡ
Źȥʮӵʱ䣬ɽǿĿռ֮ӿɽȶڲϵĲ𾪵ǣɽбŵĸֲ𽥵ĳźɫתէһͬһشػڲȼƵģƬռ¶ƺڴʱ˲١
ƬɽȣΪ˻£¶ȲԼԵʮ˶Ƿ׷ɫ䣡
ֻǣվԭزδκζʮȴǲòԺȶȣһɫΪѿ
ţһǿĿռ֮ٸӿڹȥӺЩһоǿʼŽɫתôҿĿɿڴҲˣ
ʱӿĿռ֮·ûһŹֵľ޴ˢӣÿһɽеˢͬմȾ˽ɫͿһ㣬ɽڵͨһƬˢɽɫޱ֮С
һֱȵɽγһ໥ںϵĽɫ֮ʱһв𽥵ȶɿظоǹǿĿռѹ˲ѣ
ɽȣֳһƬ콻ڵ澰˿Ŀࡣ
˿̣ȴĪһֶȻԺиֳ
졢ˡȣ
˹ȣ
΢΢һĪɽȾ˹ȣʲô壿
ˣ
ɻ˼У춸Ȼ۾һƵıǽ¹зѪ˹ȻӦйأĳйأ
˵ô˹Ȳֻôˣ
һѾЩȲҪҪѰҵĶʲôˡ
ǰǽ콻ڣޱ˹ȣһֽȥ̽ĳ嶯
ֻǣû˹ȶȻٴβĽɫܵʲôǣǼֳһֻֻͬ˹ϿղϷ裬ܹ춼ֱ˼鵽˼㣡
ţһɽɫĹĿռϳǹ۶ȥЩҲǷ׷ΧǽɫϷ裬·ӭʲôƵģ
ס˺˿ķɣΨִһ˿һľ֮
˿ԶվʮˣҲһ۾Ź⣬Ե̰֮ɫ֡
ౡ
ģڴӹȥǽɫƺѾ㹻УǽɫȻһִ۵ҫǶ鲻Խı˫ۡ
ҲһɲǣǼжȻһ䣬Ǳ˷˵ķ֮ƿԴ͸Ƶģǲһ˲˫۳ǰȥ
˹Ͽգһֻ޴Ľɫ˲չ趯񳯷һ裬һָ߰Ƿӣ춼һҪĤݵĸо
϶б
ԣ׿ʮһ¶ޱ̰Ŀ⡣
ʱǷƺҲ쵽ʲôͣס޳Ĳһתǳڵķȥ
ĿǷԼϵĿǼΪȴȻúƺֳ̬ίʵ⣬ܿ˵Զʮϡ
ӿºͣޱԵĸоһǿҵɱ
ã
Щɫ䣬¶ȻӿѪ⣬첻˫һУȻѪµˣ
֮ǰѾ֪ǵݣֻõӡ֤ˡ
ౡ
ʱһУǷ͵ȶһ³ЩǧӵʲôƵģһɫ籩ʮѪ֮˼ٷȥ
һĻ첻ɫһݣæԱһЩ
Ҫ

ת˲䣬ʮ˱ȺΧУҪǸ޵ֿ֮ν˵ǰ˲˺󣬿¾˰ɣ
ֻЩ˵Һ𣬽ʱ䣬ʮ˱㻯һ̯̯ҽƮɢ˵ȫʬˣһʬĺۼûУֱߵ˼㣡
⣬̲סһ
ҵǣЩɱʮѪ֮˺ҲǹԹԵķɻص˽ߣΧϷƣ΢һĲ٣
ڣǷ˶ûκζ⣡
˼裬ԾɲϷƺȫ쵱һ㣬Ҳãʥ۷ʵĴĻûκλʤİգ
Ҫ֪Ƿ˰¾㲢ģһֱֳǿҲԵֵģ
ʱһһĹȥ·һ˹Ͽյ쾰ڳޱȵ𺳡
ȵǣһб仯˵￪ⶼܹɴʱȥôãһ˹ͺûκα仯Ƶģ˼⡣
ʱ䲻ϵţʱǷ˺Ȼֹͣ˷裬һķΧʱͬ鳲һ㲻ӣǷϵĽɫâԽʢһϢʱƶ첻һɫ˲Ȼ˲١


1333 쾧
㱼䣬Ժз·һ桭
һֱڣڼʮĻչ֣·ʱ䳤УŹһĻһĻ˵ĺƶ˲١
֪׹ȥã͵˫ۣһĨӣſٵı
һԼɳľԼǼŮ֮ĸ飬ȻʵδκȴƵõǰδеһϴǦ֮У
棡
̲סľ̾ʱǸоԼһˣ¶ޱߵ
˿̣ͻأһҸо״̬תո̧ͷһɲǣ˫ͫǷ˻һɫ⼱ٳڵλó
ĵһӦǶܣ
ȴûκζǽɫ˽ǰ
еΣղδ֣ǰȻһŽɫξ壬֮Уɫ΢΢һ
ʲô
첻⣬ѵǸղֻɣΪʲôأ
΢΢üͷξȴֱӷɵУһԺʱ˺ܶϢξ
׼ȷ˵Ӧý쾧
쾧Ϲ޷˴֮̺ŷ˵м䣡
ŷѪ˻޽գʱмӶǿʵлԵĻɻˣڷǾ֮ϣ
ÿһֻˣֻôһ쾧
ϹʱڣԶʱ򣬷˵ҲǼϡ٣ÿһ쾧ޱ󣬿˵Ķ֮һûжܹȣ
˽⵽ЩףΪʲôΪʥ޽¹Ļƶ˿أ
ֻϧⶫң
ǺһЦʼǽ쾧պãȴκ̰֮ɫϾգҲղˣ
ûзѪ˻ޣ΢̰һҪյĻ˵ȫϣ¾쾧һ㣬ֱӱκνҿԣ
ˣϧﰢǡŷ̾
۾һȴֺܿԥ˵ϧﰢ̺Ӧÿյİɣ
һԼˣһǻƣ쾹һʱЩ
ˣ
ܿ죬ЦҡҡͷⶫͲǣɲΪ˻ƣҪŭ밡˵ˣû쾧ϧﰢ̺ѵͲ𣿡
Ѿ⣬ȥˮ֮ר̻ػԪ½һˣý쾧ƣȻĺԼƲסͷ
һͷʥޣǿɲǺģ
ԸԼܻʥ޵꣡
Ϊ쾧ѾȡԵʣ˹ھٴκܿĻָ֮ǰ˴Σէһȫûκα仯
Ȼ첻Ϊʲô˹ôĶûκ˵ע⣬ڵѾȥôˣһ֮ǰʮѪ֮˱ҵص֮ڿն𣬳Ŷķ򻺻ȥ
ĿĵأȻǶˮˣΪ֮һĿˮ飡
ֻǣ첻ȷǸͮǼ٣ΣʼҲҪȥһ˵ģûпˮ飬ȥˮˮҲ㲻ЩҲüһ̡

ʲôˣ
ĳһѪɫŭѣ·ʮˣЩһ֣Ѫɫ֮˵ŭУǸǻϲ
ˣҪҵоѪʹ
ֻǣԼˣѪʹҲû¶ʵĿҲͬŮѱ棬ԵüΪ졣
ˣǵ˺ȻʧȥϢˣܳ˹ص
ʲôطѪʹʵ
ص㲻ֻȷһĵطѾǰȥѰңһʧȥ˵ټ
ܺã
ѪʹƽһЩŭ˶ٺ˫۱ϣһۣѾõ׼ȷϢ쿪ʼȥĪνıﲻ򣿡

ѪʹһĻ·˲̧ͷ˿ĻӦ
Ψ˵һ㣬ȴǵı׷³
ѵ˵Ǽٵģ
һѪʹüͷ΢壬˫Ѫɫһâ˵ӣȴֲκ֮УѪʹԵΪɻ󡭡
ʱ·ȻһصˣϢˣ
ʲô˵Ѫʹعߴٵ
ˣµ֪̽켫пѾõ˱ֻǲΪʲôֱӻȥʱĵ
˵ˣ
Ѫʹԣ˫һĨѪâȥ򡭡ݱ֪ڶ˺ؼ֮⣬ҲˮҴһЩĪȥеһ
²²⣬Ӧȥؼң
˹˵˵ؼһֵΪطӦȥ˰ɣ
ˮҵһŮΪˮ˵ǽܣΪʲôͲȥһ漴˵
ȻЩġѪʹǰȴ̫Եıʾ
ʱѪʹδ˵ղ˵˱໥һۣҲǸԱԼԵķֳμ֡
ˣ
ѪʹûгЩˣͲܹõƿأȻǰǲҪ̫ˣȻԲ⽫Щȫʬ壡
һ򵥵ȣڳʮȫ
쵽ȥؼһˮңԲõıûң
ѪʹԼеƣѪкâ˸ĵȻǲ֪ȥĶǾ͸ɴ㶯֣ȥؼһˮңǱߵ˷ֳڱؾ֮·ǰģԤϵΣգὫʱؼһˮһڣ
ؼط磬ˮˮ˶ˣԿڣǾԲὫ֪ǸԼ壡ԣΪ˱һһҪȥ֮ǰ֣
ˣѪʹɱȻĳǿԣһ
ǣӦŵ˿Υ档
⡭
ѪʹʵǱߵСһ㣡ãҲڶǱߣְæȼסһξɱõĻᣡ
ǣ
ˣȥɣҲҪȥˣ
ǣµȸˣ
ʮ˿뿪ѪʹҲλѪʧ
˿̵ȴ˿֪ԼѾԣ֪ѪʹѾź˷ıؾ֮·ϣ
뿪˳Ľ뵽˶ķΧռе·ߣκͣĳˮڵķȥּõˮļ
ף
Ȼڽ붫򲻾ãȴǺüͷһ壬ζȻӰƮ
˵µĵ·Ϊǰ죬ӦвٵŶԣھȻһˣǰ治Զһ˿ףǹϵͣסΡ


1334 Ʒս
ƺԵЩء
ȻԾڲͣȴᵽһ˿Ѱζ
˷ͣº˫΢еĴܣǰǴ̫ߴɽ룬֮һаȵĻߡ
ؼǵãǰɽΪƷ룬̫õ֣Ҳûʲô̫ĵطڶҲֻһΪѰɽˡ
ʱѰƷȴԳ˼ֲѰ
ȥˮˮɽؾ֮·ԭ򣬸ҪоǰƷӶɱȻصĺܺãʥ۷ʵǽɱԵĲˡ

´ƷϿշɹȥҲǲܵģ˲ֱ뿪Ͼȥˮɽģʹ˲ҲصĻƫƷ
ȴûǸ㣬ûκҪȥܿ˼
ΪҲ֮ǰѾƻ˵ģһֱŵһߣ
Ǻǡ
аЦһ£װʲôûƵģǰȥ
ٶʼպ֮ǰһ£ɫԵüΪƽ
ܿ죬ѾƷУľ̫ߴ󣬵ȴԵЩ˵ûҲôš
Ʒ벻ٶ಻ʱɴУʱֹصɱҲԽԽŨȴƺԾûκβƵģǰţŲûͣһ¡
ڣۿ켴ƷɲǣܶȻһ˷ʱϮһâƺҪһɱƵģ
ڳ𣿡
аЦҲûʲôʱӿһǿǽЩâȫˣʮοٳ֣գ۱ǽȥ·ȫ
Щˣÿһ˫ԵüΪѪ죬ɱʮĶ죡
ȻѪµˣ
˫һУЦû뵽Ѫ¾ȻʮԪڵ˳ǲǾñ̫۸һЩ
ûȻֵѪ֮ȫԪڣ
ˣ˵κһͬһ±ؽ׶༪٣
ȴὫЩ˷У
˿̣ûٶ˵ʲôʮ˱̳˹ȥһֳָԱɷ·ΨһɱĲƵġ
ñһ̣
첻ˣǧýμչͬһȺвϴ֮ڶⰲƷһѪȵɱ¾£
Ʒ
Ѫ
ǧýͬһ㣬˸У̶̲ӵʱڣΧʮѪ֮˵
ǻ׷룬Ƕȶ֣һֱӶ˸˷ɽѪ֮⣬ؿڵƽССһͽȾһƬ޵ĲҾ󡭡
ת˲䣬ȥ֮һЩȴ˿ûκֹͣ˼
ʿɱĲ֣ͣ

˫һУĺâͬʵʰ
ɲǣʱӿ˶ǧýϽâϯĿֲľѪȻйճһѪɫߡ
ʮˣʮʻڲʮʱн䣬ȴ²մվѪȻм䣬ֳǧýٷûһ仯
Ǿɱ
Լߣɱ
ۣǧýɱƣΧ
Ѫµ˲֪ܲʥʵ
ҪƾʮԪڽɱôѪµҲδ̫ˡ
ȻҲףյķδʮ˲ֻһʼ
Ȼˣͳɣ
ĿȻȥаЦȴԽ䡣
žžž
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1335 ɣ𾪵Ѫ
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1336 սѪ
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1337 Ѫ
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1338 ѹڶɻ꣡
ʱ䶼ֻʣѪƵģ
νһɽݶǲԷɱƷĺձԶʧ
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ѪֲĹƣȴһ֮ǰżɫƽ˲١

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ĺһѪɫУЩѪɫâʲôһɢѪΧѪҲ·ܵѹƣٵɢ

ѪһĺţϧȴǸûأת˲һӵʱУѾƽϻڲɢ֮֮ǰǳ˲ٵѪ⣬Χһжָ
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ֻǣΪԷһҲǰвϵؼӴԿռԪֿռ֮ʼձ۷״̬
˵ٲ˵ĻͱҲˣ
ĪǣΪڻܹ㲻ɣû´ĻߵϢҲǲҵѪʹǵİɣֻϧ㱻˵ǹʹ˻֪ɱ̾
죬Ȼʱסңɱ𣿡
Ѫȴǲм̧ͷǳĵѪȻǲ֮еѪȴǿ˲٣־ԣҪһüͷͲˣҪܹɱңб£
Ĳ뿪ˣȻˡ
컰ո˵ȴǶȻɫ䣬Ѫ͵һѪѪȴδƮɢѸٵƳһѪɫĻ÷Ŀռ֮סôӴƣҲпƲסơ
ŴŴš
һɲǣǿռĦ֮ϳ֣ѪɫĻƶԿռ֮һĸʴЧƵģѪַЧԽԽı

ͻأģѪſЦɫ׵ļٷڲӵʱ˳ȥ
˿ϢһЩǸղŵ־ٶ̫
죬㷸һǾǲúҶ˵ȻҾԲл
Ѫ˫Ѫâ˸һʹĥģһһС
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ʼ磬Цŵҿҽͬĺ͸ɣΣ
͸ң찡죬Ϊһεϵڶ𣿡
ѪЦЦеĲм֮ɫ
ô
ʼ磬Ѫ֪Ҳһ𣿡
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ѪԣֹסЦȴǲмĵǲ˵˵Ҳ֪㵽֮ǰܹôʱ䣿
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ʼ磬ղҵһеȷĺܴ󣬵Ҳָòˣ
ŶôʲôأóñٿѪɲмЦ
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˫΢Уӡٻ۶һʮߵĺڰױ˳ʱӭѪڵλüٷ˹ȥ
ı࣬ʮ
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Ѫɫһ䣬ϧûüӦɲǣʮѾǷɵͷϿգһɫɫ໥ƵĹâٷգ۱ǽѪΧȫ
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ѪһоΧռǿɫѿ˼㣬ڸǰûڲѡ
֪Ӧ֮ǰʱȫɱֱĻᣡ
Ѫģ⻹û꣡һ㿴ҵһƣ
ǺЦȻ˫ӡٴοһϢʱֿʱĻУһĺڶۿɼٶȼ˳
⣬Ҳĵڶ࣬ڶ
ڶһܹ߶ٴαУǺҹΧ˲٣Ȼ̸ֲָĵزȴһļ֮У
ôܣ
Ƕľĺڶ࣡
죬ô˫ࣿⲻܣ
Ѫ벻š
ΪʲôΪʲôʮ˫飬ȻҲ֪
Ѫţɴʱмȴݲš
뾣Ҹ׼ĴͰɣ
ޱڣͬʱ˫ӡǺڶҲǻѪڷ˹ȥޱȹѪɵɫ䣬궼Ҫĳ嶯
ѹ
ڶɻ꣡
ɫ䣬ȳ
ʱâϯѪΧĿռȫγһƱյռƵģѪȴҲû취ѳȥ
ͬʱڶȻɵͷϿգһĺɫâӿ޵ѪߣûκιЧĺâȴǲѪ꣬κ֮Чĵֿ


1339 ʹǿɱѪ
ѹڶɻ꣡
ԸԪҲѪ֮һѪʱù
ǵڶ˫ͬʱʹãҲİΪʵߵĹȫͬն
ѪȻǿʵȴΪ֮ǰ޷ָټƵǿûʲôֿ֮ǺڶǹֱȥѪʤ

˺ʹ࣬Ѫ˻һʹΡ
ȴûκ˼Ϊ֮ǰѪѿռĽѵԴʱѾٶԣҪȽѪΪһҪ
ɣ
ȳеԪȫ˲ǽʮͺڶ˼¡
Ѫʹ಻²ϵӿͬѪҺĹâէȥͬһѪɫϼƵģȴ޷ֹнѣޱȼѵʹ

ۡ
˺ѷεĲҽУѪһѪֱ˳ΧѪҲ֮˼㣡
ɫ԰ֽϢҲʮ΢ҡҡ׹ƺǳһ
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ܿ죬Ȼ֮ǰֺȻıӦʹĳطӦĳʱԼ֢ģпӦط֢˰ɣ
뵽һ㣬ǲʹѪǸ¶һĨ㲻أ
ûһ˿һ˫ʱֳ˸Ϊɱ
ѪµУǸĲ֪ǵѵѪ֮⣬˶
Ѫɣ
һǧýʱĽڹԪ漴ʢչֳޱǿ
һֳڣǧýʱҪƲһ㣬ޱȿ񱩵ƣ
Ѫ֮ǰٶ׵ľ˲ϢҲ˫΢УһĻڴѪǰľ
ȻۿǧýѪɲǣһǿǵصĳֱ֣ӽǧý˿ȥͬʱǿϯУͺڶܵһֲֿѪΧĿռ֮˲㱻ɢ١
ۡ
޴ķ⧲֮£һѪ˳ĺˡ
Ҫǣоͺڶİòȶκ󣬱ջڣ˿ڸҲܵһ𵴣ĿȴǿǺȻѪԵǸѪɫ֮ϡ
Ѫʹ
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죬û뵽㣡
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ͷ۾һеɲǣ˽һĳѪʹϮȥ
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ѪʹмһҲûʲô֮ǰƳǧýѪһΪһסǧýȴǷֱٵĽסǸûκθеá
ұ
͵ȳȻ˫ն޴ֹܣľУԾ͵ıѿ
ʱһĺĽȥȴڳ˶δκӰ졣
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ǰ̽ڲӿԷ裬Ҳмֳʡ
죬ʲôֶξʹɣһŽ£ˣǰϼģѪʹ˵㲻Ļ˹ȵõı°뱲ӵͨ˺úûţ
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ӿʥ۷ƷϯѪʹ۾΢΢һУɵ޵û뵽㶼ѾʵֻϧӢŰǲĻɣ
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𡭡
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ѪʹǸǲмȴûע⵽һĨɱ⡣
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أ
ѪΧռƱһſŶʱըƵģͬʱըѡ

ѪҺѣվڱըĵգۼǱըѪģѪʹɫ䣬Ȼˣղ֮ô࣬ΪֻģΪѪ
ٱ
Ѫʹݶ񶾵ĿУȻٴһӡ
䣡
ʱһҵĺ죬Ѫʹȥ죬ŴʱڱըĵѪɫѿ˼㡣
ڵѪըÿνʬ޴棬һЩƯŵѪĩ֮⣬ͷҲһ㣡
ԴˣǿɱѪɹ
ѪٵУѪѪҲֻʣѪ˵֪ǵѵˡ


1340 ʱ˶ݣ
Ѫ
ѪʹŭѣŤͷȥһ˫Ѫ˫Ҫһ㣬ɱޱ
ʹ죡ʹ죡
ȻȴǹЦѣѪʹǰɣΪˣҾɱѪ㣬Ҫɱˣûɱ˵ģ
죡
Ѫʹҧ·ǴмƵģҪƤʬΣ
ۣɣ
ʼ磬ǧýһ佣ȷɱ𣿱ˣɱңô飬ʧ˰ɣ
㡭
ĻŭеѪʹ˫ͫһһԵľ
˵ģе̵ȷǾ£˵֮˵Ļһ϶Ѫϣôڶˡ

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죡챾֤û˾ȵ㣡Ҫ
ѪʹЩ߳ŭҲٴϻһӣһѪɫޱֶƿԩĿ޺񲻽һæȶǿ̨
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ģ
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ѪʹһĨɻ󣬳ԣȷ֪Сʲô
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Ѫʹɫ˲䣬ǸоһԴĵĿ־壬ǴСǲڽΧʻ棬ƺһ㣬Ѫʹȫ޷Եеĸо
⵽ô£
Ѫʹѣܵĳ嶯
α㣡´μ棬ҪͷѪʹˡ
ȥ
˫һУʻʱѪʹȥҲռɲǣһ˿ʻֱϣʱѪʹһҵʹ˲ˡ
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ʧҡҡͷӡСպãЦҵʵǿһЩܲ
ˣҲˣ
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ϣɣ
ףһüͷ΢ĵĳϣ㲻κӦǵһˣ
Ȼ˰˵ҵв߸߲ԨӦ
ûô򵥣
ۣҡҡͷҪ˵ʲôʱȻӺվүүҺˣ


1341 ټˮ
ôͻָˣû˰ɣ
ԨߵߣһЩġ
ţˣ
ЦǺǵĵͷҲû̫صˣֻĴһЩڸЩ𵴰ˣ
ʵԱûʲô̫ģ
ļ漴Ѫʹ˲Ӷݵķֻ̾ϧԼʵһ㣡òȴû뵽ǱǼһˣ

һ£ǵһ˵֡
Ǻǣˣ
ҲЦ̯ǱС˳ʹâƣ֮С
ȻһɲǼ䣬ǴСз˳Χʱʱýȥᴥӣģ翴˸ĸĺһ
ͬģھһǰδеϤУ·ΪĴСѾʶ˺ܾƵģ
ô
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ÿɰ
ǺһЦͼҪȥץȻһȴƤĺƵģÿζָٵһᴥһ£·ںʹϷСӣǿÿЦá
Īǣˣ
Цһ£ҵľܣ֮аҲֻÿμ֮ʱϼ¼ڿഫ¼峤Ҳ֪顣
Ǽ˵𣿡
ûע⵽ЩɫʱѾס׼ȷ˵ӦԼɵУʱѪĸо

ͷ˵λ棬ǶӦ֪ģʵǴзֻɣֳ֣Ĵ磬Ҳ棡䲻ÿһμ֪һ¡
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˵ʵҲ
Цҡҡͷһۣ˵ܽϽ⿪
ңҲ̫˰ɣԶʱЦá
⣡
ɫϣܹԶס㶼ҵˣ
ţ
صͷе࣬Ȼ״˻׺⣬ҲԼ֮˶еҫ
һ㣬Զı䣡

գԨ뿪ˣҴ
֪Ϊʲô뿪ھһ˿ᣡκζռҪռΪеĳ嶯
ֻǣ˵һ䣬һõϿɣôļ̳ˡ
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˭˺ľ读ҵκһŮƵһͷˮұضԴչ׷ɱݣ
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ڶУ֮ؼ֮⣬ֻˮǿˣˮҵĻľٲȻһɰĴڣ˸ǣĵҲǳΪˮԲ֮ȫĵط
֮⣬ˮҴСˮľãÿһˣ˭أ
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Ӵô˰Ҫô
ʱһĵŮˮɫȹΪǶȵԵʣδĸŮΧס졣
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ʱǵڵĹ˿ҲǷ׷ÿһ·¾ʲôɫĵˣҲǼæ񣬿ɲȥƵλˮҴС㣡
ţãлҪ˵أ
ˮͷҪŮƱڣȴǺĽŲһ٣ŮǺ졣
ϻʱ֮ǰ飬ˮһתϷʰЦղС׼ȥɧ诣ôǶǰֱӴȥ
ˮСĻϰԸǿģҪ˽֮ǰסǸŮʱص
Ŷ
ˮͷЩǲܽģԽԽţ˾ֻܺݺһ٣Ҳˣ
˵ˮһ٣΢΢ָЦˣǱҪȻԶǵ˭
⡭
ŮЩ΢ʱȴǿЦã֪ˮԹûȥҲֻܿЦŰҡͷ


1342 诵ħ֮
ӣ˿ɱˣ
ǰ˭ˮС㶢أҿ첻ҲѲƤ
ǵ£ǿϷˣ
ԣԣü춼û˱ˣò׳һԼģҲֻܹ
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ŮƿһǱϾǶľ诵Ա
֣ҾʰߺߣԼŰɣˮǣ˵
⡭
ŮƸǲ֪룬ȻԼϰ岻һᰴˮ˵뿪ҪǲˮĻǲ͵ˮҴС㣿
Ϊһ֪ͼϰ岻ˣӶˮȻ֮١
ȻĸŮư¾׼ֵʱĴǵİΧ˳ĿĿ£ֱߵˮߡ
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ܿ콫ˮɿͷЦЦĿˮͨ˴ңҸô𣿡
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ˮʶԼЩʧ̬æһ˵ʲôǲã϶ʶɣϰĽŶˣ׻˵úãСǽİƨɣ˵ʲôʱ򰡣ҲΪǵϰˣ
ˮ㣬˵ʲôأ
ˮĻЦá
Ҷ췢˵ԶԶľûκβ˼
Ц
ˮһЦֱ㳯ȥǵһӵˡ
ĸŮƣǿЦŶһۣæȥһĳǸ쵹Ҳֽƽϵˣ֪ôΪ˶ľ诺ãҲûʲôֵ˼
ô˰
Ժľ课ϲĽһȥЩʧĵҽû
ţ
ЦŵͷֺԱߵ̶ľһкŤͷԶϵļΣ˫ͫһȵ诣㾹Ȼѧħ֮
ܹļΣһԶһ
Ȼ̫£ȴħƵϢ쾫ɨ㷢ÿһ涼ĵħƣȻǸոտӡȥã
ǰ
쾪ȵ̬ľЦŵͷҲǲѧ᲻أ׼Կܲܿӡħƣ
ĶѧģѲԼ򣿡ʵ
ҲǰɣŪһ£Ȼ䷢ԼľǿþȥģħƣȻӡϣģŪ˳أľҲֱӻص
ģ⣬Ȼӡ诣ò˵һţ
쾪̾ѣû뵽ľ课ȻַʽԼħ֮
˵Ѿ߳һȻͬĵ·ֻҪʵضΪħ֮ľ
Ҳóⷽ𣿿ɲԽ̽ңľ˵ϣ
⡭
ԥ˵ҲԸ㣬ߵ·һ;ͬ飬ɣüθңҸЩħװȻԼҽ̸ҵľ飬ߴ·յ²ײ࣡
ۣлл򣡡
ľͷȲûƴýһЩѡʱˮһȴϷʵĵӴֲ˵СǽİƨأЩ˰ƽһһôĽţȴû뵽ȻǼɫ֮ߺߣ
ˮ㣬˵ʲôأ


1343 ˮ
ľһ죬æܹȥˮһ֣ʱԺбĻЦҲǿһݸ
Ȼ컹Ƕľ诣ֻǽԷ˿ûκԽ˼
ˣҲעֻǽСӵĹϵˮ˵
ܿ죬ŮýʮκóǧýһЩħһʱԽʮȫƳħװÿһ϶ӡߵħƣһа˵ħƣöľǿľϲѡ
ľԼ䱦һĽЩһ𣬳Ե˼㡣
ҲܣҪˣ
ʱˮֺȻ˹˲ǽǿа˵ħƵ˹ȥϲ̵Ĵ°İϡ
ˮ㣡
ľ诼æ˳ˮȴǳƲƲ죬ҪֵĶǾԲỹȥģʲôٸ£
򡭡
֪ˮӵĶľ诣ʱĳȥҪǲӦ̿޳˼
ðɣٸұ֤һܳɹ
ӣҴӦô
Үˣľ课ϲѡ
诰㿴춼ˣǲǸҳԱָָ谵գ˵
ģܱ
ľһЦæȥ׼ˡ
ˮҲûߣʹһԹٿŴӡ˰˵ħƵһʱ۾һ
ɶľҲͷڸո֮˹ȥˮ˾졣

ڶһ磬ˮһͬ뿪ֱĳˮɽȥ
ѾһΣ쵹ҲİˮʱһֱˮҴСڸ˲֪˲ҲǺ˳Ľ뵽ˮɽˮС
·ϣˮҲ˵ĿģɲţֻǴĿԵİݷã
ֻǵ棬첻ܲǡ
ԥһº󣬻ѡҪˮˮߵ˵˳ڿˮȴδ˵̫࣬ˮҲûжʣ֤һõˮģ
ϾˮһУȽˮִûʲô˵ģ
ˮأЩķչҲΪѸ٣һֻȻһµĸо
һ·ϣˮ˹ĳˮкˮҲûκμӵЦŵͷӦֻǶ죬˶ΪİһĿڿδĹүƵģˮһΡ
ܿ죬˻ˮҼˮĪҲõϢǼһִͬϴżΪõЦݣǰǺӵһ£û̫衣


1344 ޣǿȡ
ڸĴ£ǣˮ棬ȴǾˮǵǰжԽԽŨƺ⸽ʮ֮߰ȫˮֱˮ֡
ʱˮͷȫɻ󣬺üκ촽΢ţƺʲôʣɿǸӣȴʲôû˵ֻھԼܵԽԽˡ
ŹȥʮңȻͣ˿һСˮ̶Աߡ
һˮ̶ȴҺ嶼ʵƣޱŨˮϢӣ֪ΪΣʱˮͬһͷռˮɢĸԴͶԴǰŹˮ̶
ܵܣҪҵĶˮ̶𣿡ˮʵ
ˣ
ͷſˮ裬ߵˮ̶ϣſвתĸ飬ˮ̶Щ˵ΪʲôĹ죬ɫԳء
ˮ棬Ҹôȥȡ
ˮ̶ûκΣգȴһּΪĸоƺֻҪһȥҲϲƵģ
ˣܲҾʹ˷ɣΣˮһҪõ
뵽첻ȭͷĿҲǱޱȼᶨ
ˣܲ
ͷתĽĿٴ˸飬Ÿ黺ˮ̶ȥ
ˮȻ֪쵽Ҫʲô˿̵ҲǹԹԵûгš
ۿŸˮ̶ԽԽڼӽˮ֮ʱԭһֱƽ޲ˮ澹ǻתһڲϳ֣ܱȶŨˮҲ˶һСͷֳһľ󡭡
⡭
ˮĿޱܵһΧŨֱﵱ˾ؿ
µĻ¶޲ʱչʵضͻͽ
Ȼһ˲䣬ͻأһǳɫĹâ̶׼ֱӳˮڵλ˹ȥ
ã
һΣӭʱɫһ䣬ԥˮˡ
ʱſǵ⾹Ȼһֻɫ׼ȷ˵ӦЩƵĴڣҪĲβͺܳӵŨˮֱ˸еޱȵ𺳣
ȻˮһᣬȴҲͬף
ҲֻһֺǳĲˡ
֨֨֨
Լһδˮ̶Ϸˮķ򲻶ţȻ󣬵ȴһֱİĹ죬Ƕһ𡭡
ܵܣʲôˮɫ䣬ʵ
ûĻӦǿˮ龭ʱγɵĻޣ
һҲֻ˵ѣδ
ޣǲ˵Ҫǵˮ飬ͱҪȽɱˣ
ˮʵЩ̡
ϾֻȷǿɰŮӶɱջ
ǵҲһ
ҡҡͷҪ˵ʲôʱǻȴ͵ٴγϮ˴ٶȽ֮ղŸ죬˲һ㣬췴Ӧʱ϶ҪѪˡ
ʱĸҲǷɻصڡ
Ȼˮ£ȴ𲻵ʲô̫õá
˵˵˻ޣǾͻԿˮһӰ죬˶ÿˮ鱾ʧ񲻾͸ǵòʧ
ৡ
޲ϼ˸ÿζȫϮˮЩǱ
Ͼôռ䣬ʮʺϻ޵ĹĹʹ޷ֻרĶܣ͸˵ȥȡˮˡ
ʱһһĹȥ޷Ʋ֪ƣƵļţв㲻ݵơ
󣬹ˣ
ʵ̲ȥˡ
Լ˵ˮȻʮʺĻǻ޵ĹУȴԽԳܣò˶ʱ䣬ᱻɱҲΪɲص˺
Ȼһסǻ޵ĶΪ֮һ٣һ˫С۾ȴ˸ޱȲмľ⣬ͨһʥ۷ʵȴû
ֻҪˮ̶𣬿ˮ黹ڣôԶ۷״̬
󣬾ȻƲңãǾ͹ֲˣ
һˮ󣬶䣬һ˸ɫâӼ˳
ɲǼ䣬Ũܵˮʲôһ㲻ϼ
֮Уˮ
óҲ֮һĺ飡
ܵܣԽԽȤŶ
ˮĿ̬ĲѣȻ¶һĨЦ
ʱˮ̶ϿյĻҲǼ֨֨֨ĽţǺС۾һĨ⡣
ڿˮҲ˵ˮԾ飬ô˵ľأ
ʵȥˮóȻҷ㣡
֨֨֨
ˣڶԺͬʱȴּΪĳš
ܺã
״ͷâһȻˣǾͱˣ
£ӡ鶸Ȼûһɫһ캳ذĴƺڵռ䶼ǲϲʱһ
󣬸죡
Ŀһݣ͵һȡ
𡭡
ʱХǿˮĻ޼Ϯȥ
֨֨֨
Сһﾪ֣ԵĿ£ȫκһ㻹֮
ۿžһˮޱȾȵĶ
ֻֻǰ֫ٹͷС۾ĽỨĿĵ˼
Ȼ˵Ѿ˲ѩǵԡ

״ӡۿžſѪڼ̵ɲǣǱ˻ǰһ˫ͭСŻޡ
ôͬˣ
΢΢𣬵ȴǿƵļǾͿ㽫ˮͳһϾܹҲΪף
֨֨֨
޿ѵ˼οٵûˮУʱһ˸űɫâӱ㻺˳
ǿˮ飡
ʱûʲôٶǿˮΧŻת˼Ȧһ㣬ɿĻһûڣڵﲿλռ˱λãӸδһ㲻ϵš
ܹĻȻᷢڿνʰ쵣òѣ
֨֨֨
ȡˮͬʱǻ޼Ϊţ·ͱƵģΪԹ
󣡡
оâһҪ붨Ǳֵĺã뿪֮ʱһ֮֮ҲԳΪ֮壬ô


1345 ˮľϲˮƣ
˵仰ָˮһ԰񣬱ֱӱ˫ۣ֮ϥ֮ǰǺûͣߣ˻ְ
ˮĿһǱŵ죬Ŀз޾Ĺʡ
ȻֻǻûģЩʵһ㣬岢ûʲô
ʣ˭ܹ֮ʱоػ
ˮòϣʱȷ
֨֨֨
뵽ž޲붨״̬ǻ޴ˮ̶Ǳ߷˹ˮһæȵҪʲô
֨֨
޴˿Եý֮֮ǰޱȹɣָָָָԼˮһıȻţС۾ģˮԼǲۻˣȻϿһĨֺõЦݡ
֨֨֨
ˮǰֺõСצ˲Сȣӵĳβ͸ǲϰڶţǺֺ˵ĳﹷûʲôˣ
㵽Ҫʲô
ˮȷ⻤޶޶⣬ֵĵҿ׼˵ʲô
֨֨֨
޲ԾȻţһţˮĸһͷˮ
ڣǻʵ̲סˣͻȻɻصˮ̶֮УˮɵĿ£ˮ̶͵һ׹漴ûˮʲôӦǰ׹ֱûڣʱɫ˲䡭
ţˮ˵κλǺܿͷһֱӻ˹ȥ
֮ǰһͷǾǡˣƭˡ
֨֨֨
ˮԹȥ֮󣬴ˮ̶з˳м󣬱Сһţһűɫſˮȫ֣գۼƱһɫβϼ룬ˮǽ뺣һ㣬ϳˮӿȥ
˿̣ǻ޵ȴǵ˺ܶ࣬СҲҡҡλεģ·ʱᵹƵģˮڵֺܿһԱ붨е죬һ㿪ʼĿ
ôˣ
ˮȻԹȥȴʮѣ緢һҲ
û׻޵Ҫʲôֻ˶뵽һޱ״̬Ҫ֮͸УڵԪڽһĽ
Щˮķӿ룬ʹˮʵ粻ţ־ϲ
ˮ֪ǣ֮ǰڵǵɫ׹ǼΪˮ֮ˮĴȣ侭ҲǼΪ޴ĹЧ
Ȼӻľˮ֮ศɵ£ˮʵܹȥܶ
ôˣȴǼΪҲ˺ܶࡣ
ȻҲ붨֮ǰ˵ĻɵӰ졣
ʲôСֵĺá
Ѿ˺ʶĻЩ벻ף붨ôܸ˭أ
ô϶ˮˣ
һ˼󣬻޲ѡһַʽҲֺðɡ

֪ȥãˮΧɢȥҲ˫ۡ
ҾȻʥأ
ˮԼʵɵ־ϲ
Ҫ쾪ʱȴǻ޵붨ȴּæּʱѹһЩź촽ٳһ˫еŨŨϲ֮ɫȴôҲٲˡ
֨֨֨
ʱҲ˹ųһǰ֫
Ҳмû֮ǰ־£ǻߵĸǰЦ˵ллô࣡
֨֨
ҡҡСԴһţһ߳Ǳ߱Ȼ
һΣˮȴһ˼ЦŵͷİɣСһһģ㲻㣬Ҳ㣬˰ɣ
֨֨֨
ˮĻǻ޶ʱ˷ܵԭ˼£ԾˮУԴϲĳߵأˮһ죬ֲѡ
ӣˮͻ޺ĳصĽȻû޶ˮҲʱش𣬺ܿˮĹϵ˲٣
ΪôɰӣҲϲѣ֮ǰ챻СһŪޱǱǰΡ
ŴŴš
֪˶ã·ʱš
ڣƽȵĿռӿʱҲһɫâ֣ǱѾڵĿˮ龹ǰɢޱϢ
֨֨
޸оˮϢš
ˮæ䱧ڻУΨȥ죬ͬʱҲǳοСһǶȻע˲ģҲҪǿ
֨֨֨
޽СԴˮУΪᡣ
Ҳˮ˵һ㣬ĸȥᣬĽֽʮֱҡ
ûţԱ߻һûɫػ
еˣɲôܹƽ˵ģ
ʱһһĹȥӿۣ˫ӡıɫˮǼػ۶漴ǿˮʱûֳһʮ׳ıɫһУɢޱȿֲ
ˮˮƣ
أ˫ɲǣһȡ
𡭡
ʱˮɫХһǿѹռ䶼ǲѣ
ˮͻ޸ǽˣȻҲоֲֿ壡
֨֨֨
޲ϽţˮסҪȥһˡ
ˮĿŴʱ죬ĶͬС¹һ١
ף֮Ի޻ôܹ֮Ժľͻʥأһеһжġ
Щʱˮֱǡ
û죬ܴӻԪ½ƽ򡭡
û죬عˮңΪĸ𣬳ΪˮĴС㡭
û죬ܰݵǸصʦ
û죬»ֻǻԪ½ˮ¥һͨϰʵ͵λ
ˮڶŸмѾôŮˣ¶Ҫĳ嶯ˡ
ŴŴš
ɢһˮڣĴӰл¡
ˮ㣬ϲ㣬ʥˣ
һʱ㿴ˮʵЦ˵
ͬϲͬϲ㲻Ҳһɹȡ˿ˮİɣҿɲȥ˵ŶҶ˵أ
ˮ˵һºҲò̾ˮĴϻۡ
Щ˵ǲһġ
ǾͶлˣ
ЦŵͷĿǻϣҪ˵ʲô֮ʣˮ˵ܵܣʵСһҲܿģԵĻͰɣΪ˰ң˺ܶܶأ
֨֨֨
ˮУҲǿҾ
ǺǣȻˮ㶼ˣһܾܾô˵ҲΪҲŻȡˮ飬Ȼĺô
ЦЦ΢һٺ󣬳СһǷԸΪƬռػޣ


1346 ˮռˮ飬뿪
ػޡ
Ļˮʵܵܣ˵ػʲô˼
ֻ޵С۾Ҳɻ
Ƭռ䣬Ϊˮɣʴҽ֮Ϊˮռ䣡
һԣ򵥵˵ȡ˿ˮ飬ôƬռҲҶߣ˵ڲƬռˣػҪػƬռȶȻҲõˮ鳤ʱ󣡡
˵쳯ǻЦЦ˿ˮռػޣǰõĸ࣡㲻һֱҪտˮе𣿺Ǻǡڿ˵ģ
֨֨֨
ͷ˻ųһߵͷһҾ
Сһ˵ͬˣˮԱ߷
ʵ˵ģΪˮԵʣҲܹ׻޵˼֮ˮҪһЩ
ðɣȻͬˣھ͸һӡǣ
ͷָһһɫĹâֱû˻ڣĶͷʱֳһɫӵӡǣǻ΢һȴϲЦտٴţгϲá
ղǵâȴǿˮĲ־
Ȼƻûʲô̫ı仯ȴΪЩ԰ٵʵʱѾ൱൱ʥľˡ
ˣڻû֣
ŲϳԼҾĻޣƬ̣Ȼˮо飬ôͽˮ飬Σ
֨֨֨֨
Ļ޿ĵ
Դˣֱ㱻ȷΪˮ飬Ϊˮռػ飡
ܵܣ
ˮԱߺȻ˵Ȼȡ˿ˮ飬ˮҵĺĻʧ𣿡
ᣡ
ҡҡͷЦ֮ǰˣȻҪΪˮ֣ȶҲǶһЩȻһЩӰ죬ȴúʧ̶ֺֻȻήһЩѣ
ͺÿ
ˮһ漴ȴֿЦѵĵȻ²ʧôˮҵЩ
ôˮ㻹ΪһҪ
ǺһЦİɣҲˮȡõĿˮ飡ЩҸǵлɣ
̫ÿ
ĻˮʱһЦȻǰһӵ뻳ĸо΢΢һȴǺϱ޺촽һ£ɱŶ͵ǽлŶ
ˮǽĵģЦѡ
ˣǳȥɣ
εʼ磬һǺˮһͬ뿪ˮռ䣬ٴγ֮ʱѾص˺⣬ˮȴǱ˿ˮռ֮С
ѽˣˮŵյһգɵþȵǴһҹ𣿡
ǣ
ʱ䣬ЦӦ˵ҹ
ҹ
ˮԣɵһ£漴ȴֺܿĴ˼ΪõЦݣЦҹأһΪŶôʱʥأѾܲأ
ǰ൱Ĳ
ЦŸͣˮһۣ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬼ˮ˿˹żĵС㣬ô첻ڣɰѼͳ϶Żأ
֪ˣ
ˮͷȥɣȥ
ǣ
ܿ죬Щȥ֮ˮҲȥˮĪ޺ˮҹˣżĶǷ
Ʋˮ˵ˮҳʲô⣬һҺͶľŭˮ۷µǿߣҲ޷ŭ档
ֻǺ˵ѾõҪĶʲôôõĲδིˮĪ޺ˮҹûжʣˮҲվĽǶȥ룬ͬû˵κ
ֻǣˮʥصʵȷˮĪ޺ˮҹ񶼺ݺݵ˺һ
֮ǰ˵˵ģʮħװףҲŵԣˮҸ׼һ׼ħƵĿӡȻʮװҲˮóȻѵҪʱȥǶ죿
ڿӡħƵʱҲˮȥˮϵĶľ诽˹Ա߹ĦԼħ֮ȥһЩȻľ诵ħ֮ͬҲֻϣܹöľһЩ·ǷܹǾҪľԼˡ

תȥǽʮħװȫӡɣÿһװ϶ħƣгװѵħͲڵʵӡЩħƵĳɹѾڰٷ֮٣ԵҲûж˷ѡ
ˮҵĽ׺Ǹ뿪Ҫȥһ˻Ԫ½˹ڵõ쾧ƣ˶ԻƵĳŵ
ȻΪʲôˣȴҲʳԶ֮
ȻӦ˻ƣôһ
ˮĪޣˮҹԼˮ˸Ǻˮ뿪ȴȥһˮ򣬽ľͻȥ̶ľԸǣ̤˻ȥĵ·
ȥԪ½֮ǰҪȻһҿ
֮ǰƷ봦ɱѪµľѪѪֻʣѪһˣѪʹҲϹԨ룬Ӷ֮ʱȴۣɽΪѰѪʹؼһ㡣
ȥȻҲ뿴ǷҳѪʹһЩϢڽѪʹҳȴûб̫ϣϾѪʹôҳҲ޷֮вô꣬ˡ
Ӷˮ뿪ʩչ˲ƣǺܿĽΧ
Ȼ׼ٴ˲ƵʱȴǺȻ
Σ
ЦһԼͷˣ
ҸطȳԷҲһ̣
ʼ磬ܿڰʮҵһСӣһ¥£ԸƿϷ˺⿿λϣŴΡ
СϿ˲࣬ϲ˵ٶҲܿ죬ʱ˱㱻һЩƺ󣬱Ǵڴڵĳš
һٷʮʱˣһӵĲȱԵĸɸɾǺü춼ûԶһ
뿪
Ȼڸ߳ӵʱȴӭһŮΣıЩŹ֡
ס
û˵ʲôһŮѾǸ˶ʱûĵСӣôѲɣ֪Ҫ
ϵˣ
Цã漴ǰкô
ûһŮĸԼĸ׶ľأͶѩɽׯׯ
ȷû뵽ǣ
ԴϴѪ¹̻ɽ֮ʱڷѩɽׯǣҲȥһˣֻ̫࣬ҲûʱȥԼĸȥʲôطڿӦһεĳˣɵò˵һԵְ


1347 һΣͬң
Ƕүү˵ˣʥ۷˰Ϊˣ
ľǵ֣ȫǲõЦݡ
ˣ򸴺󰡣
ԱߣҲ̾ñԾƤܺ춼Ϻ˺졣
Ȼûж˵ο⣬ȴôҲٲ˵ġ
ˣô𣿡ʵ
Сֵģ
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1348 ټƣ
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Ҳԭ΢Ƭ̣㰴ջָĵ·ǰȥϾϹѣȻҲܲȥ̽̽


1349 ΣϹĸл
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1350 عľ壬Ϊ£
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ţ߰ɣ
ͷ漴Ͷľһͬȥ
ʱ츸ȴһľˣڶľڵλãǻǱߡ
·ϣϸһ⹫ķӦЦѵһ˵ͷߣľƾͲûֱǿƸˡ
⹫ȷ
Ħһ°ͣ漴˫һĵȻˣǾͲɴǿһ㣡
ţ
ԼӵĻһʲô˼Ѳ㻹⹫ŸɰͲƨɣ

ԣʱһϵѵ㲻ͶһˣѵΪھͲǺ⹫Ÿɣ
⡭ǡ
һ㶼ɴ࣬ԥ֡
İɣϵѾ뷨ˣȻȥ⹫Ǳߣȱȥһȥ˵˵
ðɣҲû취ˣСӿҪס⹫㳤ܲεĵͷ˵
ٺ١İɣȻҵľˣ
һЦǿЦõУ˶ʱӿһЩʱ˶ľƴʱڵԺſڡ


1351 ˵⹫
Ժſڣ֮˶ʱ񣬱ϾȻλȴڶľп˵ûܹȵϣǿɲ˿֮٣
ҡ
Щ˵£ֻΪԥ
ߣû뵽ôȥԣôȥ˵ϾȻ˵ĲԣȴҲѲ˸ϵ
ǺǣϵҶ˵һ˽ȥҵĺϢǣЦЦ˵
ðɣ
Цŵ㲻񣬲ȻҺﶼŪ޵ˣ
ˣ֪ˣİɣ
ٺһЦֱƿ˽ȥ
ɲſڽֵȥҲκ飡
ԺűϣԼһĵŴǰԺֱȥ˺档
ʱĶľںԺһϣԱ߰ڷһЩˮ㣬һȲ裬ʱʱĺһڣȥҲû縸ĸ˵ǰŭԵΪ⡣
ھľƲԶŮֶʱ̵ȺŶľλķԸ
ū澼٣
ĵŮǷ
ţöЩҪ⹫ģǳȥŰɣͷַԸ
⡭
ŮһۣЩԥ
ôѲǻ˺Լ⹫˵ҾǸģҲҪǸ°״ʱĵ۳
ˣǳȥɣ
ľư˰֣ŮŹ£ԺӾֻʣϣĶľˡ
ٺ٣⹫ܰ
֪ľƿ϶ΪʲôȴδֱԣԹԵĴڶ˳һӣߵľǰ£ˮһҧһڡ
ľû˵ɿʮɢĿϡ
ꡭ
켸ڽˮ꣬ĽϣƲ⹫ͱװˣ϶֪Ϊʲô͸ɣô
ô
ĻľƶȻֱӣӵ۵ĵСӣҸ㣬ǸϵȻƫΪŮ۸ߣ˵Ļ͸ҹҲϻ
˭˵ﱻ۸ˣˣûĵ
ߣ
ľһƲûлش
û뵽ͷӾȻô۶˵
ʲôС㾹Ȼ˵۶
ľ۾һɣȴͬСƵģٸ˵һ䣬̷쭵˼
ˣ¾ǺͶľͬһ¶ҵ˵Щ
ȴ£Է쭵Ķľƣֻһˮҧһڣһ߾׽һĵ۶ʲôвģ˵ˣҵͶܹһҲһЩõģȻҵôҲ
Ů˺ãôҲǲǸĵģԼЩίϵŮˣһԸŮ˷ԼˣСӣ浱𣿡ľȵ
ûУҪǲͬǣһĲܺϵһǻֻĿ𣿡
ƲƲ죬ڶľƵĴӵۣȴԵɺܶ࣬УþԣǾĲһô
Ҿǲͬ⣡
ľƹŲӣһԵ쳣ŭȵҶľƵŮôԺŮͬʱ޸һˣߣ

⻰ͻȻЦЦƺһصĴ͸Ժſڵһɫ˲ʱһ䣬ֳԺӵĳ嶯ȴǿж
СӣЦʲôľֻԼЦƵģһ߲ѵģ
ЦչףΪԼӣЦֹסߵ
˵ôΪҵˣľ۾һġ
˵ǣ
ƲߵãͶһ޸ϵľûضţľ۷ڶĴڣҵһλã˲𰡣
Сӣҳأ
ľվŭ죬ε˶ûȥܡ
ô˵Ĳ𣿡
ȫûľƵŭУǹճһߣƲΪԼһСС𣬾ȻԼŮŮ˲ѣһ׵˸˵ˣ϶˽ҵɣҵ˵ǱֶԻסûκβ
˵ףΪԼӣ
ԶľƵĴӵۣȻ壬ڳ˵
㣬㡭Сӣˣ
ľòУҲһЩ˵µ˼
ϾȷҲϵľһЩ棬ôһֱ׵ľƻ޷Բŭ
ô˵ˣ߳ŭˣ
һЦڶľƵĺУ˶ȣ˵⹫νŮжŮôˣЩʲôĪΪŮҲԼûзִ磿
ҡ
ûȶľƿڣУΪ̣öʮǰ³֣ΣΪ޸˻ûлعҵҵŭ𣿿ɽʲôֵõʲô
ûȥԽԽɫƲƲ죬ϻˣҲõһЩ磬ʮû˵һ仰ʧȥôŮʮ꣬ϣ𣿡
Сӣô˵ǾԲͬģľòУȴЩ͡
ΪȷصޣεҲȷǻ۰ľŮ
ðɺðɡ
ʼ磬ߵľߣη𣬷Ŵӵ۵Ķľ£ƲƲ죬ֵ˵⹫ôһô
ʲôôСӲҾͲˣľƵ۵
벻ٶҪһŮأЦ
ʲô
ľ۾һģ˵ʲô
˵Ƕľһ˶ϡֲܼ̳λӣѵý༸Ů𣿡ЦǺǵĵ
˵Ǹˣľ΢
ʱԺкȻֳԼãϥ³лĻ棬ŸղһֱŭϲֳһĨܰЦݡ
ҿûô˵
˵ʲôԼ⹫ģȻ죬ϢĻ뿪
ףԼ֮ǰĻǳ׽ҿ˶ľƵģĻȴǴҪ顣
֪Ѿ˾Ųʮˡ
͸ϵֵʱ
ߵſڣȥֽ̹æ⹫˵ʲô𣿡
ٺ٣Լȥɣ
쳯ƲƲ죬״ʱ¶˷֮ɫ˵꣬̿첽ȥ첻Цһ¡
ʲô
ʱľƵһŭȣܿȴƽԼǸ뱣֤֮ԣǹճһߣЦЦԹԵĳľصԺȥ
£Լ˵ƸãֻҪԼϵ΢ֵúһЩǾͿ϶´󼪣


1352 ѩˣŭ
صľصԺ䣬췢ںˣСһ绶СƵģƽֻա
ǣѾ˵ȴǱŮ˺ܶ࣬Լú͵ܵˣҲ¶˼ΪõЦݣ
飬ѺŮЦݵǣ¶˼ΪܰĸԹԡ
ľغȻϴЦݣȴأʱʱĳţڴܹĺϢǽŲѣȻĶѾ޷õľλľϿɣô½ҲԲù
ӴǣǻȤأ
ǵϷʰĵ
ˣ
վȲĵľǰǱˣأôûһǲǶľǰˣ˼ҵҪô
һĻʳͣٶеģļ״̬š
ͱˣôˣľҲǴߴʵ
ȿȡҲ֪
ȼڶľʧУŷȫһһʮĽ˳
⼤ŭľƵʱ򣬶ľغһѺľЩ߳ŭ֮ʱȴ΢һ
ڶľƻѾ֮ʣ֣ųĴŮƵġ
Σ˵֮λ΢һ
ã÷˰ɣľغǺЦҸǰӣҪ̼»֪Ҫϵʲôʱأϣ㲻ҪҸףû˼
ؽ˵ﻰһģôأ
ЦЦмĵллˣ
ﲻˣǿһˣ˵лǹϵɾԶ˰
ڰ֣漴ȴһתЦ˵ǲĸÿǿǸܻܵõģȻ⹫Ǳ߿²ý
Сӣ˵ʲôأ飬òĵ𣿡
Ļһ죬ļֱ̌һõ졮ʹ಻ġġ˿ĹֱЦ֮ǰֵǽŵһɨգ
ৡ
ʱһ׹漱ٶǰ׹ȴǸŲٵĶľˣǵĺƺ⵽ʲôϮƵģɫ˲䡣
Щ֣ҲǴˣлعСһﶼͣ֡
ѩƣô㣬ôˣ
û˵ʲô׹ֱӷ컳Уѩơ
Ҫǣѩ϶˺üѪۣϢЩ΢
ȥɣûµģ
ľ߹ȥ׷Щˡ
ΪѩΪҵ죬ȻڶľŻΪ飡ڶľصĻУЩ˹ŹֵһѩƣȴҲԹԵûжʲô̵Ĺȥ
ôˣˣ
ʱľƺҲ˽ľæȥһ£ҲʱľʺãöľЦͷȴЩ
ʲôô
ͻأģȻһŭȣ˵ĿȫˢˢϣΪŭ޷ƵƷǣʥ۷һ̾š
ৡ
ʱ䣬ޱȿֲӿһжУСϺХƴһֻڵ֮У
˽ˣľҲˡ
˫ȴطϲʥ۷壡
ԼȻʵֻһѾ⹫һˣɲöľƲ𺳣
ȻϣĳΪǿߣ
ƣ
ȴЩʱ򣬶ľ̺ԪȻĺĳһػعæϢŭ𣬽ȫַХʧ
׷˺£㲻˵ѩǸƶȥôԻˣľؼæǰޱʵ
ʱΧ˶Ĳѣ侭ѩˣǼСһѩǿģˮҪǮƵ˳

쳤³һһ߽ľתΪѩˣһ߻ѩƸղͨϵ齲˳
ʵѩҲû˵٣ǳһֱڱļ֮أ걻ѩǣȴƺƻǸָƣǽȥ˺üϹʱĶҵĿռ䡣
Ƶʵõ̶ȵ̶ʱڱѾʥ۷ʵ
ռȴڳ뿪̱Ҳڳƾô˴Ѿﵽ֮ǰļƻĿģ׼ҪʱȴȻһʮǿƸǿƽˡ
ѩΪ˱ƣڴ򶷵ʱ򱻽ˣѩƱ;кǿʵѾɱˡ
Լвˣѩӵһ
ϧڶľأҲǲͬһƬռ䣬εѩֻƴһЩǿ˺ռ䣬ľҵ죬ҲΪʲô֮ǰЩ׷ϮѩƵˡ
ǣΪѩĳϮľĸ֣ΪǸ޷ѩƵı壬޷õѩƵκλӦϾУҲֻ죬Լ˲ܹѩƽ׼ȷľ鶼У
еԭֻ֪˵ѩЩˡ
ʥرץȥ
Ļ˾ԳĬһЩ
ء
ѩʱľҲǺת࣬Ȼ˳漴һ׹ǰ׹ǰռ䣬ʱٵֳһ˵Ӱ񡭡
Ӱȴģ壬ڳʵǿĶľҲ
ѩ˵Ǹƶ֮ˣ
ѹŭƴмƵģ
ôЩ죿
΢˫ۣѩһءУɫȻ䣬ȻѪϣ
˵ʲôѪϣ
ľҲɫޱ䣬æʵ˵˾ѪصǸϣ
ǣ
ͷղҾ;úϤӰȫѪɫǾͶˣѪɣ
ʱľƣڳ˶ɫѿ˼㣡
Ƕ֪Ѫʲôˣû룬һӻԪ½ĳƾȻѪԳֽߣǲǻһЩû뵽ԭ
ѪϳΪʲôܲǽ߳ƣӶвɣ
Բ
ΣһҪƶȳ
ҧ⹫ϵ׼ȥһ˼֮ǱߣܷܲʲôǻǾߣ
磬Ǹһȥɣ˶ҲиӦ˵
ˣԼȥģҺܿͻ
ҡҡͷɵ˵
Ѿ¶ģҲٶԡ
ֻжľƻЩɻǸƶ˭
ԼŭӣĻȻ϶ϱˡ
뵽ľƵĿ漴ľԼϣǰ˵ʱ񻺺˲١


1353 
ѩ֮˰ããһƬ⣬
кХȻ˵Ǳ̹ǣȴҲñѩƴ첻һ
ߣΪѩľСߴȴ˷쳣Ĳֺܶ价ʮϲģصˮĸо
ѩһСߴʱԹԵĻصϣĲϣΧһɫΧƵģҲܹһЩůã
ֻǣѾܲôˡ
ֻѩһ𣬿ǼŮǵСߴ˵ҲܾҲֻܽһϣϾСߴҲ⸽ģܹ
ѩƵĴ£ܿѪϽ߳Ƶĵط
һ಻ѩɽ⣬Ǳѩľľһ׵ѣҪѰҵʲôȴⲻƮİѩУѾûټ
Ѫ£ǵҪʲô
һ࣬ȴǺΪԳƾĵǣŭѡ
ѩƣܲҵƶڵĵطʵ
ء
ѩҡҡͷУ׳ƵټѾѪϳĨȥҲ֪ʲôֶΣֱӶϵ˳ƺѩ֮ľϵ
ԣҪѩȥҵƣǼǲܵģ
ˣǰƬѩɽӦûһЩħްɣ
Ƭ̣۾һĵѩСߴԺЩħ޹ͨȥһ£ûע⵽ʲô
ء
ߴߴ
ĻѩƺСߴͷ󣬱ʱ׹⳯ǰѩɽٶȥ
ʱǱѩɽн޺ʮѩƺСߴĺУСһҲûйȥСһʵҲصǻǱ߳ʲôΣա
ȻԼҲûš
ȻվԭδʵľѾɢ˳ȥԲʮ֮ڵһȫ֣һ˿һĺۼûзŹȻջʧˣԾûκη֡
ѪץƶҪʲô
üͷ˼⡣
ǴӻԪ½ģĳҲǶǱߵ壬ȴӦñѪӰ
˵ڵĳҶ˵㲻ʲôˡ
ѵΪԼ
ţΪʲôץƶֺ޶ΪԼôӦлǶֵģУ׻ʲôҲ֪飿
ͻأģ֪ΪȻ˳ϵļ֮ͬ
һΪʲôСͬһΣ
ڶΪʲôұ߹»һƶǣ
Ϊʲô׼裬ֺѩϤ˶ûе⾫ϵ
ģΪʲô֪ڼ֮ôϹŶռ䣬ʵȻͻͽʥأ
壬ΪʲôԼԵƵģÿԼǶƶ̥ǣͻӦ
һеɻ޷ش𣬵Ψһܹȷϵľǣͳ氮Ϊ˶Էȥ
ΪʲôѪϻᶢϳƣҲĲ⣡
֪ȥãǰѩɽе޺ƽϢѩƺСߴҲǻصǰ
ء
ߴߴߴ
Сһţͨϵܿԣʧ
ΪѩɽеĸħޣûκõϢʲô߰˰˵ϢһƣѪϺͳƵȴһûУֱЦá
ˣǲʲôõˣ
ʧҡҡͷЦֻܻȥȣѪϵҪʲôΪ˶ԸҵĻô
ո˵ػֹסֱſϵĳƺСߴһͬȻ߳ȥ
ء
ѩֱӣϵĵš
֪ˣߣ
һμ˸ȥղŴ׿һѪâȻһţȴ쿴һ
Ѫ֮˵ĺۼ
׵ľ룬˲Ϣ
ɲǣȴǺ޷֣·ղǵѪâֻǴһ㡣ţûпˣѩƺСߴҲܴɣ
ң
һ£漴ѩСߴֳɢ
Ҳһ˲䣬ܵѩкȻѩ׷֮ʣʮδӵֱ𣬴޾ѪΧ켱Ϯȥ
Ȼı仯Ȼһȴܿƽ
ƾЩˣҲɱң
кâһҲûʲôһʮ׳ľǺХھƵΧʮѪ֮ڹϵɲǣ̽ƺߣԸٶȵɶ
ң֮ǰǳѰҳƵУιҲûóȻʮ˿¾ͲǱɳȥôˡ
ʱѩƺСߴҲصߣСһﲻ˵ǻ׹ЩУ
ʱ֮䣬ʮҪ͵ϮȴǽҺʵ߲ԪǣѩƺСߴĶ֣Ƿ߶ֵǿ£һ֮жǣ
¼ˣ
״ȳ
ܿ죬ѩƺСߴɱ¾УֻʣѪ֮ǿš
֮˵ǿΪ˵˫ѾϣѩϣڲԼ˵ʬϽʹ
ĻҲܽǱϵ˫ô򵥣
˵˵ɣô߹ȥΪֹסʹʵ
˲δشûһۡ
ΧЩ˵³ʵǵСҲ͵Ϊֹˣ쵭ĵ
ۡ
ģһ˲ͬʱѪ⧲֮¾ǱѪҺȾʱȻʧȥڵϡ
Ȼɱ
״üͷ
ʱϺȻѩƺСߴЩŵ͵̧ͷܵѪȻӵγһѪɫԲǰΧм䣬ҪǣЩѪ֮Ѫ֮˵ʬ徹ǷɿУѪɫԲԽȫɲѪγɵһ㣬ޱѪȵϢ
ǰһĻʱɫ֮Ȼ
Ҷɣ
һѪϲµһΪƶˣʮʿҽȫնɱǵʬѪҺֻǡ
˵ǸѪɫԲֻǣ⵽ʲôãòѪɫԲɱҰɣ
ڰ˼⣬֮ʱܵѪɫԲʼСҪȫסƣӭĴ̱Ѫȣɫѿ˼㣡
ɲգæѩƺСߴڻУҪڿգɳѪɫԲ֣ȴֲСķΧ
Ȼܹռ䣡
찵ѣܷɳȥ˲ƶ޷ʹãʱѪɫԲԽԽСƲӱֱӷˣɫѿ˼㡣


1354 ѪȣƵĻ
ѪɫԲֹΧռ䣬޷ɳְΧ˲ƶû취ʹã֮⣬һַѪҺܵӰ죬ʼ͵ĸо
⵽ʲô
찵ѣеѩƺСߴҲǲϵţȻҲֱ仯
𡭡
ߴߴ
漴һɲǣѩƺСߴͬʱһ죬ǵＤ׹⣬Щ׹⿴ٶȼ죬Ҳ൱ڽӴѪɫԲ֮ʱȴѪɫԲ΢һ£ӿѪȫûʲô̫õá
һĻ첻Щʧ
ƲСߴ˵ѩڶԸѪ֮˵ʱЩǰãµѪʹ֮ʱѩ𵽵ҲҪܶ࣬ûʱѩƵĹȴҲûκЧ
ƴˣ
һҧȴǧýܿռķ£ϲ΢Ľڸʱľһ
ƽն
Уǧýʱûһʮ׳ľ޽ܾŶƲƣʱǽȫı£ƽ֮ǿ˲٣Ƭضڲϲһ㣬ȷʮַǡ졯֮
ݡ
޽Ϯռ伱𵴡
ۿǾ޽ѪɫԲײһɲǣ˫һУȵ
䣡
䣡
ʱŶƺȻըѣֲĳ춼ˣѪɫԲڲ϶Ѫ˲٣ͬʱ޽˳ĺԲϣһΪ
䣬ܲӿǿֲ·һ̱㽫ĩƵġ
ֻܿռһɣҪ׼ֱ˲뿪ɲǣȴɫٴδ䣬ѪɫԲٴγ֣ԭɶĿռȴֽ֮֮ǰ࡭

˲һαɱҡ
ת֮ת죡
춸Ȼŭȳʱһɿռ𵴼ӿûܹʲôãѪɫԲϾѪʢգۼǼӿ˱ƽٶȣԭҪһӵʱ䣬ʱʮ룬ͻѪɫԲˡ
Ȼ첢֪֮󵽵׻ᷢʲôȴ׳ԣ
ֻѾûʲôֶֿΣ벻ʲôأ
죡
׼ͼͺڶ˫ʱһŮȻд漴ڵѪ£ѪнʣµΨһһѪ精ǳС
Ϊཻ̫ԵʣѪ粴˴γûݣչֵ쾡£Ž޵ĺ촽ǳޱߵջ
Ѫ粵ĳ֣ȴһ¡
Ѫ粲δ˵ֻںȻֳһԲεѪɫƣԪĹеתͣ漴ǳǳѪͬһŨ˿߰ƶűЩѪɫ˿߷ɿĲѪɫԲϣ쾪ȵĿУѪɫԲСջһѪûԲѪɫУʧ
ֻռɢһ
Ȼҵģ
Ѫ粻Լ߹ΣԻ󡢳ȹ޷סѪǷĴȣƽջ󣬶·ǽ˶ţʱѳһ
һһ޷Գֵ
ô֪Σգֱʵ
㲻ùܣ
ȻĺǻѪȴͬǰûиʲôɫ
ðɣллˣ
ʼ磬ֱڣֲѪ粵ǵѡ
ûµĻͿ߰ɣ
Ѫ粰˰֣תߡ
ȵȡ
סѪ粽Ųһ٣Ӷûתĵ£
ܹȥѪվţѪµǸϳֽҵŮ˽ˣ֪֪£
֪
Ѫޱͷ漴۾һɲǣתʲô£
ҡ
Цѣǲ֪˵ȥ
ǰ
˼Ѫ֮һѪеĵλҶʹͬƾʲô㣿
ټϣѪµУѪĸ󻼣֮һﶼҪѪӣ˼ܹڸղų־ѾðΣˣƾʲôҪ˼ҰȥŮˣ
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ڶǵзѣΪҰ㼸ΣǾͻѣѪϾûѣ
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ҲǱŪÿЦãæҿѪЩͬΪηҪΪŰѵͲ𣿡
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ʲôܸüǵðɣȲĵ
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1355 
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1356 ʢ£а
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аɷſɽ˵ϢֿĹҲ֮ɢȥϢ˷׷զ಻ѡ

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1357 𺳵ۣ
컰£ֽǿаպãҲ֮Ʈ
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ʸĶСʸܷܷ˳֮ΪܷܷħŮѾƽȷ˹ϵ˾棬֮Ҳֻôһˣ׼ȷ˵ʸܷܷĵã
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λĵյһ£˷׷ĽĿǣͬʱЩҲһͷаɷŲǣ
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1358 λ
ܲĻνɽڸ̻ɽֻ˵ǿֶڣҲǵˣ
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ƽֹһα̻ɽˣڻʸܷܷҪ£ȥȥˣаɷŲ˶ֵ֪ܹ֮ϵһЩ֮⣬Ҳڻ·
ȻҲע⵽ЦЦδԡ
ţƺܵƽͻʸܷܷӰ죬ۺͶľͼҲһͬ뿪ˣ
λڣЩСô˵Ļأ
˵ĵ̣ҲõĻʲô⣬ֻҪȥأҲˡ

ʱһһĹȥͨˮֳһУֱһʱȥȻֻвʮͨһصĿ飬ڳλ겻ѡ
ôǲ̫ϸˣŤͷʵ
Ĵ˷Ҳʳڳ˵
ϸ⻹ֻǿʼأ
ǺһЦȻһΣգȴҪԣˣʵֻҪܹĻֻҪͷҶὫ£
ԡֶΣ
ͷЦ»ɣҿ˵˵Ĺ򣬻֮ǰ㹫аѵͲ֮õа˻ᱻ׷ɱ𣿡
˭ң
⻰춸ȻüëһЦҵаһ黤˭Ҷаұţ
ɱȻ˵̫Ũеǿƣȴ˶һ
ľƺҲǹһЦǸеޱȽ
ʸԼԼȴǿЦȴҲмֵĿɬ
Ǽܹֻһ룬ζЦѰɣ
˵ģʮʥ۷壬Ϊ֮ˣ
ȻаȻа죬˲ӣʲôãѲ컹ŽЩӵȫһɱˣ
Ȼô˵ǵȻұһľЦǺǵĵ
ȻĻʱλ׹Ҳ֮ԵһæȻҪģ
ˣʸԼҲǵͷӦ
Ψ죬ȴ㶣ʲôæ
ûĲ⣬Ȼ˵ˣֶСҲֵཻܣЩҾͲŲˣ㿴Ƿ񷽱㣬Сѧϰһʱ䣿
ţ
ôԣЩ죬ǰǡ
Ǻǣûʲô˼ֻǾãֵδټСҲƿа취ͻƣЦǺǵĵһֺýơ
Ը⣬Ȼûģ
Цŵͷ˵ˣҲүүĸӣҺȻҲֵܣ
Ը⣡
վطԥ˵
ǺǣǾͺãȻԴӵߣ˵
£
״ҲǼæҪССƽҲ߰ɣ
ԣԣҲ£ͷ
ԣͷ
Ҳöľͼ£⹫ľ֮˵
ܷܷ£ϾСƽѾһˣȻֻһ֣Ҳһ˰ɣֶܲĿǷֿɣʸ˵
Լᣬԥһº󣬻ԵҾͲˣֶôûҶطأ𣿡
طȻǿˡԸÿ֣
Ȼڵģ
ǺһЦ˵ǰܻ֪ϱ棬Ӧúܿͻˣ
ޣۡϱۣطܹΪԼҴڽӴȻٺҲˣԼЦŵͷϵҲֳһĨȸЦݡ
Цݣȴ΢΢
Ϊ֪ǷԼйء
ϾԼӣд˶ƶǴģبǺ˲ٵĳԹ
Լĸ岻ͬȻԼĵӣҪÿԼҺ֮ѡһĻ϶ԥѡ졣ԣԼҺ֮Ĺϵ˵Ϻá
˽˸Լȴ޷˵һ
˶ƻبͬģˣԼҲֻᵽ񽣣ϣܹڿ񽣣ҲطϣܹһЩ໥Ĺϵ
ȻԼһϺ꣡ټϵ뿪ԼҺ󱻷ɱгѪµˣʱֻڱϿƺƵӦԣʵȴѾԼҺѪϵһ𣬾Լ᲻ǣбضһȫѪйأ
ŬѰҳƵʱⷽӣ


1359 ٵףأٲһ
գһ
ƽԼۣľжľͼʸлʸܷܷؼط磬ܼһ£ʱ뿪ΪаɷЧȻҪĻλæѵһǣ²ôͻƣֻҪϰæضڸԼеһЩ
µУСˡ
ƽͻʸܷܷۺͶľͼ
ҲκεķԣϾظԵļ壬ôǿ϶ֿһʱ䣬аɷȴԣǺε飿
۷ļ뵽аɷŵϢͬ˳һ㣬ʱ㴫Ūü˲֪˲
ţаɷа˸ΪעĶ
Ȼ˵ЩѰҳԼа飬ҲȻǳ׵׵Ĵȥ
У۷֮⣬ĴССּо󲿷ͬУ۷
ԣԾһĻͽˡ
Ƕϱһ򣬶Ÿ߼֮ԴףأǱ̻ɽ³ҪаɷŶμӿ˵⣬ǧ֮࡭
Щˣվһ𣬽ʯʾֲǷĵףأ
԰æʯλҲ۵òУϵЦݶЦЩӲˣȴֲ񣬲Ȼ˻Ϊаɷŵж߰ء
ҪǵĽడ
żλͨˮε죬ȻӵʯĴš

էԣʯıԹ첻һ£ʯ磬ôˣ
㻹ôˣҸ㡭
ʯЦѣܿ콫߼ףμ򵥵˵һ飬ÿЦã漴ˣʯ磬ʹˣʯ϶ְɣ
ء
ʯȫǰԹΪǿаɷһߵֵز俴Χô߼֮Ĺֺãлֽӡ
ν߶ͣʯ磬ˣ
һЦǽ˺ʯĴš
ҵү
ʯ࿴𽥹âɢȥĴݺݡĳű̻ɽ۵һֱۣܿЩӲЦݣһٴνӴЩ߼֮
˵ףҲˡҪǣЩһսսӣǸѣʯҲò֮ǫ黰ǾϹҲ֪ٴΣŪЩʹʹˡ
磬ЦʲôʯƵӾǲЦ鿴ֱʵ
˿̣ΧҲǼģͬΪ档
ǹ⹫ͼǣ
ķһۣȻ󣬿ڳЩʲôˣôû⻰
СӣǼϼһԹףأ㻹òǰɣΪ⹫ľƺĵ۵
ǣҪǡ
Цһ£漴ղŴʯ˵ظһ飬λÿЦãȴҲòϣȷΪǵĵģ
˭ǸԶ۷ļأ
ƽ˾һλûٿܣ˵λڴˡ
ϴε˹ȻҲͬ۷ˣλĳһ⻹ʮĵһΣ
ȻһҲԽİаɷ
ǰΪаɷŵĿٷչǿƴѪµĹϮôҶаɷ࿴ϾѪļܹѪ¹Ϯģȴаɷһң
¾ȣҲǹȥæ֮ųɹ˵ģ˸ӡаɷŵӰӣ

Ļ˾̿Ц
Сӣǵ˱˻ԣ
ľЦͷһûĵҲĸܹӣϼһһ֣Ϊ˸ʿ㻹Թǣ

ı죬Ҳٶ˵ʲô
Ͼ˽֮£ԺУаɷűضᱻһǡıǩ
аɷŵķչ߶аɷ֮Ųɹĺô
תۣһʱȥλ֮߳һ˵Ҫ뿪ǵƺҲȻûж
ڼֵһ˵ıǿ񽣴Ű÷ˣҲֻȥԼһûж˵ȻΪӣʵϿԼĹϵȴѶ磬һ˶Щϧ
ϧ±Ͼ˼ҵ˽£˭ܶ˵ʲô
ֻԼıҲΪȣûκβԿǴģȫֳһȸģ
Ҳ֮ˣٶЩжֻûԵıˡ
ԼףҪϿϿԼһкܳһ·ҪߣνֻҪĥ룬ԼĴÿڵĻҲֻʱȥ֤һˡ
Խλ͵棬λȴǺĶһۣĿУͬʱɵУ·ǧ˫۾ע£̿ˡ
ʽϿааߣɱ
ľơ
ʸ

Լᡭ
λĻͬһ·˵Ķϣһ֡
Ҳһ£Լǰλ˵жǼٵġ
ˣܰľôˣˣ
ļЦЦųƽԼ֮˳Զȥ
ţľƣʸԼԼҲǽ뿪һƬһƬȺ
λаϿɣ˵ˡаߣɱĻɴҲ˶аһǿҵĳ嶯
ǣôܹõаأ
ֻ˵һᣬǾѰҳƣ
Ȼǻ֪ʲôˣȴ޷ϨǶаĿ
²գѰҳƴӶõаΪ飡
λӣ̾һǷˡ
ǶľƵҵĻܹλΪƣҲֻһ٣
ص̻ɽۣƽŻʸܷܷľͼۣټطһߵǰлʶǲδ˵ʲô̫мĻֻҪܹסѾ㹻
ʱ䣬аɷˡ
аɷſɽˣʱ䣬ǰμӿ˵˵һء
ϧǣ֮ȴֻоʮ˰Ȼֱͨȥʯ˵ĵڶֿˣ²İٲһ
⣬һЩͨ˵ģǷضۼһܹİԤӣֱͳȥˣȫʧȥ˻ᣡÿһûκλΪаɷˣһʱҲкܶ˱ʾȴһ˸¡
Ͼλĳ֣Լڶ߼֮ԸЩ˾Ե壡


1360 ֿˣɭ
ھϣʮ׼һЩסޣΪԤӵİǱɽסϢ
û˸Ҳû˸˵καԹĻ
Щ̭˵ˣҲǽټ˵һЩĻǶоԼӣЩҲܿ뿪ϾаɷҲΨһѡ
ЩУЩĻǺޣȴҲ¶ˡ
ҪĻôҲȪ·һ̣
ôҶϢһգڶʽʼʮ˵ĵڶֿˡ
ʯ࣬飬ԼĽ̸
ֻǣĽ֮ǰ˵ǰɴԵüΪأֻ䰼͹µģúܶΪ֮ԣʯĽܣ˽⵽ĽаɷʱЩָϽĿջأٲκεĲ
Ҫ˶ĽĲ죬Ӷʧȥ˼аɷŵĻᣬǾǺڶˡ
ϣһ֮ǽĸԺ䣬ʯÿ˸һʮҲֳĸ֣ǳɹ߳ʱ䳤ֿ
Ȼʮ˲ƽ䣬Ľȴѡ
ȣѡеŮ˸ʣµʯ࣬˸
һȴǸպܹƽ䡣
ʮʯƽֵöʮһ˽пˣʣµʮŮͳͳḶ̌Ҳǿ˵ƽ˰ɡ
£ȫһ˦ƹģ
ڱ󷨽ֵľУȻûκһԺ䣬ǿľУȴÿһԺڵζʱʱפϸ۲һͷҡͷ
ڽеڶֿ˵ʱԼСһȴǴϴӼ֮ѪµľݵоȳľžŰʮһӽ˱̻ɽĺɽˣ
飬ԼŮһ·ͬڱλҲһţһܹϤ̻ɽĻһҲŮΪ˽һЩķ
ϾŮʥ֮ˣȻ˵ǿָһЩ㹻ġ
ЩУطƽ֮⣬ڵˣǵ˽⣬ҪַͨʽȽһ˽⣬ܹԵѵ
ܲҵָ㣬Ҫ˵˻ãҪǴˣ񲻾ͳӵ
ھϻţȴֺͣ˵Ժǰ
Ժ踺ģʯ࣬Ľ˵ΪҪһЩĿҲĻġ
Ȼˣ
أ
ɫڵֱƿԺ˽ȥԺеһ
μ
ͷԺڵ
˿̣վǰһԪڵӣԼĪʮ꣬ϼΪӡ
ɭ˰֣ʵ
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ղ˵ûʸ񿼺㣿𣿡ƽʵе֮ȴʮԡ
ҡ
ɭһĿ£ֻⶼ͸ĸо
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ңҵ˼
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ΪԪں˲𣿡
ĵΪ˻㲻򲻿ܰȻǣˣҲûκνʱаɷţаɷһ
֪Ϊаɷ˶飿жٴ֮䣿ƾʲôô˵ɭҪǾԼûǾ͸뿪аɷܲ
ԽޱȸжͬʱɭҲƺһԭͲ¶һĨǸ⡣
֪ˣɭһ˵
仰㲻ö˵ߵ
ǡ
ɭͷתؾһΪϿҵĵԲ֮ǰðˣϣԭ£
⡭
Щ΢һ̾ˣû£ԺעһЩǣ
ǣллҼסˣɭͷӦ
ˣȥһԵȺ򣡡
ǣ
ɭߵһԣ˶Ͷ
˵˲֣ɭղŵðȴʵ飬ҪаɷѾûжٿˡ
ȻһԼ˳ɹĿܲһЩΧ֮˵ڻٶ˼ϲ֮⡣
ˣ裬ɣ
ֳ֣ɭֵɭ
ǣ
ɭӦŵ˳ȥ
һ뿪ɭҡҡͷкŽ˼ˡ
Ժ⣬Ϊи󷨸Եʣ·γһСһ㣬ٸո߳Ժ䣬ɭҲЩ˵ֻվԼǰ죬ɭֶ첢δ˵ȴԾǿѹԳܣͷ󱳶˺ܶ亹
ôˣѹȻʧƮƮȻɭʱһ
ҡ
ɭ죬ȴǴϵԲǺܽɭȥվẦԼ
ǣ֪ˣɭĵͷ
ţ
ףЦЦģ֮ԽҪʲôҲҪס仰ϣаɷŵֵܹͬܣ𣿡
ף˼˵ңҿԼаɷ𣿡ɭǵͷ͵Ŀϲʵ
ôѲΪֱһ˵ȨûУЦĵ
ǣֻû뵽
ɭﶼЩ˵ǺһЦҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǺɫһݣˣڴ˵ȺһԴɽ
ǣ
ɭӦŵͬһʱ䣬αʧǰɭи¶ޱɫ
ٴγֵʱȴѾ˱̻ɽ¡
һһŮţŮȴǲϵĿ˵źûͬɽһֿѾûеõ֮ǰЩܹͬأ
ô£ʵ
μ
һʱ񣬶ϸ򵥿ٵ˵һ飬ֵˣǼѲ߰ɣ
ǣ
뿪ŽĿò̫Ưȴ·ֶʵŮϣ
ŮȥӦǶʮ꣬ʵڵԪڣ˫ʮִֻעУи󡢡аɷţôڲŹʵ
ǵģ
ŮӵͷĵĻҽ粣ڵõϢĵһʱͳˣϧԼʵֵͣųٵˣһҪңҸͷˣ
˵䣬粻Ҫȥ״ҲǿЦõֹ̧Ķҡͷ̾ؾǹأȻٵˣǾֻе´εĻˣ˼С㣡


1361 
ĻжʱʧѣɬЦЦ֪ˣлл뿪
֪ΪΣеʧ쾹Щ̣ҪѿڴӦֱӼĳ嶯
ã콫ֳ嶯˲ѹûĻֻеԪڵʵ·;ңԶм仹Ҫ򣬾ڵõϢĵһʱ̳Ҳôھ͵ɣɲԺ˵˵ôģ
ʣô͵ʵôܰȻ߰ɣ粿Ц

ͷԵĻشܹ⣬ҿһᣡ
ģ
Ļ۾һ΢ЦףȻҲһ˵ˣ
ҽһҵĹ£𣿡粷ʵ
ԣ˵ɣ
Цŵͷ漴Ըӣͬʱ׼һЩԵģϾڵӣѾüûúõĳԹˡ
Щɣؿ˶ԵģЦ˵
лл
ҲϱŸһ̸㾹ڲʱȫĶӣ΢ͣһЩ
ע⵽컹ǰһ죬˼ʵ̫ˣ
û£ǰʱ򣬱㻹Ǳ
ǺһЦֵ˵˵ɣţ
ǣ
粵ͷһǣǺŮ緶
첻ף粿²Ѱ˼ô򵥡
漴粱ǻ齲˳
¼ңֻ˵һСͼ壬ûж
¼֮ȴҲûҰģǰҵ¼ҵС㣬ԴӳȻ˵ϽȴҲԴǻȴա
С㲻ϲȻʲֱʮȴԾֻǰڵʵ
һصУȴǷף׵֮Լҵңϧ粲Ը⣬Ϊ¼Ҵ֣֮һŮ֮⣬¼¾ϰٿڵһҹ֮ȫʬ塣
һУΪ¼ҵȴҴү
ҲǼǰ粵ˡ
¼ұ֮ûзŹ粵˼һ·ץ粵ǸŮΪ˱ɱڱɱ֮ǰüͬʱ裬粱֣ɵֻǰڵ˵Ķ֣
ҵǣĶץԺ㷢ͼǿΪľǱ
粶ʮ꣬ʱǰڷɿ˵ԪڣȴҲףڵԾɲĶ֣һֱСݣֻÿ㰵Ϯɱ¼ҶֵЩ֮ˣҲǸǴȥ˼Ŀֻš
ֻϧƾһ֮ʼҲû̫õã
һ죬̤µ壬ڼƴķУ˳ȥ׷ۿ精Ҫֲסʱ򣬺Ȼ˴˳
Ȼ֪˭ȴǰ䱨𣬲ܸκδ۶ԣ
еһȴҡҡͷδӦָǰаɷţ˵ĻԵֻҪܹаɷţڲ֮Ѫñ
ԣˣ㻹û˵ôģ˵
Ҿһֱɹģֻǡ
粻һ䣬ȴֺԥ
ֻʲô
׷ʵ¹С㣡ҹͣȫٷУ˵ˣҲֻʱɣ
˵ĵʵ顣

粲ǵԪڶѣ췢Ϣڲʱ䣬˵ˣžԪ֮ˣҲһܹ򵽱򣬸˵аɷŸڱƫһЩ໥ľҲǸ˲١
㲻˵𣿡
ԥӣ쵭ԵҲǿ㣬˼ˣ¹аɷǾԲģ
˵˵
æǣ֮ǰ˵ҵ˸ҵģ˵аɷһˣǰһЩϹܹаɷڼ䵽ֻǡֻԼʵ̫ˣԾȫ·վ죡
ţ
⻰ı鲻ЩŹ֡
˵ӦаɷŻû֮ǰ˵ЩƺаɷżΪ˽⣬ҸʮȷԵһУȻ粴Զǰ
֪ʲô𣿡ʵ
Ĳ֪
ҡԴЦֶû˵ֻǸң뱨ĻֻмаɷŲſԣ
濴Ұ
ܹû˵ѣԿЦͬʱἰȴΪ档
ˣ
ǺȻʲôƵģڵǸ˵ԸҵĻ԰Ǹ㿴˵㿴֮ͻ׵ģ
˵䣬ȻâһȴǳһϴСƣէһΪͨġ֣ȴɫһ
Ȼ
Цһ£漴ֳҶʦͽӰ񣬻ûʲô粱Ǽæ˵ǾҵľˣƱǸ˽ҵģ
֪ˣ
ͷҲǿЦá
ϴðҶģûһʱ䣬ҶӵĴ뿪ˣԺûʦͽ˵Ϣȴû뵽ǾȻȥ򣬻ר̹аɷš
Ļ쵹Ϊʲôǰ֪аɷ˵Ĵʱ䡣
ϾϹʥλΪΨһĴڣ֮ϾųԽ˵ĳɾͣУ¾ǿߣⷽҲһȵùģ
ҿɲԡ
˼ӣСʵ´˵һ֡
˻ûк˵ģ췴ʵ
ûˣ
˼һҡͷ
ˣȻƼģҲòˣ
˰ֵסҪպãܸκ˿ɣ
˵䣬ӡ˽̻ɽɽ˼ԭûж粣ЦõֵŸʲôϣ
ǣǣ
粼ѣæ󳯱̻ɽȥ
һ·ϣű̻ɽľ£Ҳ¶޵ɣֻǵ棬û̫ı¶ѡ
аɷţǵһ
ô˵ڶŬҪѩޣ
Ҳûжԣֱ粱ȥ˾УɭҲһֱԹԵȺ򣬼쵽̹ӭȥֻǼ粵˲䣬ҲǾһ£ܿȴջĿ⣬ķԸ
໥Ϥһ£ԺԼˣ
쳯˵һұߵǸԺȥĽ̿Ůӵĵط


1362 ʮˣľĿϲ
첽ǸԺ䣬ɭ粶һ
ȻǴ˼꣬ѹȴǺԳܡ
粻һЩɭ֮ǰЩٶȴѾȫܵѹʱҲκεĽҲòϣΪõĳǳ
ãҽɭҲǼаɷŵ𣿡Ϊˣɭʵ
ǣǵģִ磬ҽ粣Ӧ
ǺǣȻһ磬ԺҾͽ˹
ɭЦЦ˵Ҳǵͷƺ˵ĹϵҲΪֳƺı仯׽˲١
ʱ˳ǴɴĽ̡

ɭʱֶԶԡ
ţ
ͷ˵Ҹǽһ£λаɷõĽĽ
ɭ粣ĽĻʱǷ
Ȼ粺Ľ̵һȴֲͬͬ
˵ֻĽ˵ͷĽϸһ粣Ťͷʵ˵ľ
ͷ˶ٺֵΣǲУǾˣ
ԣ
Ľ̳Ƭ̣ͷȸԣ˵
ã
Զʱ۾һϲ粵粣Ժ͸Ľʲôʲô֪𣿡
ǣӦ
ˣǰɣɣ
Ľʾһ£Ť³Ժȥ
ȥɣ
΢΢һЦҲæϣʱ˱ǸԺ䣬ɭȴһЩĽ
ôĽЦ
ңֻǡ
ջĿ⣬ɭæҪͣȴЦǺǵĵˣ㲻˵ˣİɣֻҪֵĺһᱻõģаɷһϵĹأһ죬ңλҲģ
ɭңĻɭһæͷ
ǺǡûʲôҲҵģ
ڰ֣漴ɫ΢ȻһЩɭҪסаɷ˶һˣֵܣƽʱ˽ȫ໥ϷֻҪµʱԼݵλɣ
ǣɭ̻壡
ţ
ͷֵˣȻͬаɷţҲؼȥλǻţѾ֪ͨˣ

ɭӦŵԸһɽ֮ǾֱɽȥʱעĸԺʱֵܻ״
תۣһʱôȥ
ҹĻ֮ʣĸԺͬʱ򿪣󲿷˶ϲãֻٲֱֱͳ̻ɽȻЩڵڶֵĿѾ̭ˣʧȥ˴˴μаɷŵĻᡣ

ʯ࣬飬ԼĽ̶ߵվ
ʮҲǷ׷׹̬ȼΪ
ʯ磬ôЩյļѡ𣿡쳯ʯʵ
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˷׷Ӧŵǿ£Щ˿ɲ˿Ĳ뷴ԡ
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Ľ粵磬漴Ŀǰɨ֪п϶ЩǱֲѹȥԺ˭ҪǸҶ粲ڱ˵лҲ
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˵ʲôȴģһδϣȻûʲôҾȸˣ粣ߣ
⡭
精Ǹ׳գҲܿһ
ȥȥɣ
˰֣ųǷһ񣬶첽ԶһЩḶ̌һվǶЦá

үү
ʱľǿ첽˹
ԴϴѪ¹Ϯ¼ľκȻԮԺǱ㱻찲˸
аɷУ˿⣬ƺΪүģҲֻľκȻˡ

ܵǰľڴڵĴŴȴޱȿϲЦݡ
ΪĽ̴Ҳʧ١
׷ʲô飬ȻôˣЦǺǵʵ
ٺ٣үҪˣ
ľѿ죬ٺЦ㲻ڵʱҺκȥ˰ٻ򼸴ΣȻͺٺ١
Ȼһʦбˣ
һЦۣ̫ˣʲôϽȥչΣҪһ⣬ҲСӵƤ
ţҾǹү˵һҪϻȥˣŶˣκҲҪһȥģľͷ˵
ȥȥ
ͷ˵Ҳþûʦˣʲôȥǣ˵˾ͻȥǣ
ϣүˣľӦ
ţȥɣ
ͷľ˷ܵԶˣֿϲǲޱȡ
漴ҲЩˡ
˵ǼŮҲһܾˣôˣǵĶӻһ㶯ûУβأ
˵ǼŮʮֽûκε⣬ɾΪʲôƫƫϺӣ
㼸ôСǧҲӦûһбɣȻƫƫһζûУ
εúܣѵⶼ⣿
ˣȥˣ
ЦŰ˦˦ͷǻɽ۵аɷׯ԰ȥ˼ŽİţȻҪĻҪǱǷܹɹĽѪʹ


1363 УƵϢ
Ϻ浽粣ܹʮ˵һɹаɷţҲԤϵУϾͨһҲֻоʮ˶ѡ
ϸƼȻĻôҲģϾȻ粽ȷʮϧȴҲԲΪаɷŵɡ
ڶİٶ˵Ŀˣǽǧλڻ
ҲûȥЩֵ˾ԲʧҲܴʲô̫˽ġ
ϾΪϵˣҪ˵һ˽ĶûУǾԲܵģֻҪܹʲôǹ˽ʲôǾ͹ˣҪλ̫˽ĵĻаɷŽ᣿ܹôʱڣһԾΪнڶľ֮µĵһ
ְְ֣֡
գںԺҡϣһߺһŲԶڶеطˣʱʱٳָ㼸䣬ҲԵʮȻ
Сһǣ˹һӱ˵ߣһһҵռֻȡ
ǸںΪΪѾ˵ȴԵøΪŮ࣬ûм֮ǰСʱķ񡭡
ӴôҰְˣ
²豭СһﱧڴϣʾҲԱºЦŵǸȥѵ⻹
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ţҵҲûˣҲԴ
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Цã漴磬ȥ׼һЩȣһҸտ
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ԹԵȥˣ궼ѾʮˣаҲ˵ٱĳ̶ȣʱпͻٱ䣬䱾ʵԺѰԪ֮ȡ
ȻɳŮ˺ܶ࣬ʱȴԾǹŮӣ˵ʲô޷ֱӦ¡
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ţԹԵĵͷһѻסĲӣ˵ְ֣裬ѶŰ̺÷أûʱŶн壬Ҳûʱ䣡ǲŲأ

Ļ쵱Ц˼û뵽ҵĹŮҲ˵ûˣĳŶ
ǣԵģСӺĿ佱СԴǰ
ңңܹԵģ
ұŬҪ֤ԼĴڣ״ҲǹЦ佱˼䣬Сһ˷ܲѡ
ʱˣżаɷŵˣÿһϵжװвٵļȣ״Ҳ̷ԸǽȷźãԼǴӴָóտװǿʼΪԼɰĶŮǹ
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ʯĻ˷׷ЦĽҲдЦ⣬ɭ粣ڻΪżԵʣҲұֵ̫ԣֻǿЦݣģȴΪЦ
״ʱûĵԿԣʰһ˸һȣô
ɣôԴǰ
ôԸ⣿
ˣԿȵϣһְɣ
ʯʼ磬кһ֣ܿ콫һص̯ʰɾУһùһȿԣɭҲУյҲԵΪңλ¼ĳԱܵһּͥů
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ţ֪ˣ
ʯͷڶ£Сһܲڸ涼űǿһЩƣҾʱŹһڤãΣ
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ɭ
˶٣ŤͷɭȥԼ𣿡
Ļҿԣǰ죬һϯ֪Լкܶ಻㣬һᾡĵԲλʧɭǹ˳Ӧ
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һۣһų˵Ȼˣʱͬȥ𣬵ҪסڤúҪϣκξ֮ǰҪȺʯר϶У򣬱Ҷ㲻𣿡
ǣףɭӦ
С
粵ʵҪһʱڤãһĽƼλøȻаɷŲ̫ĿصʵΪаɷŵĸ߲㣬ҲҪΪڶ˵ıʣ
ǣɭͬʱӦŵ
ţ
˵̬ȣͷֳʯȥʵʯ磬ʲô
ǹٷ˵ģʯ
ٷˣ
һ£ֱӣ˵ƣôϢˣ
ܹΪٷ˵ֻĸ飬ѺߣôָҲֻгˡ
ܾȣȴҲϲ
ʯ磬ʲôϢ˵ȲĴߴٵ
ϢҲ֪Ƿ׼ȷ
ʯһ£˵Դӿɽ֮ʱ㷢а㾪˼˶ҪΪаڽ£Ǳ߷˼ٷ˵Ůӣ̫ȷѾǰȥȷϣģŲձɵõӦ
ãҾٵգ
һǿסͷļǲУһ⣡


1364 Ϣʧټ
ȷû뵽ôͿԵõƵϢȻڻ֪Ǽ٣ܹЩϣǣ
ǻ£
ʱһ飬ͬʱڡ
Ŷʲôһʵ
ڵ֮ǰһֱҲûõ䣬뽫ʮѡһЩ˵˵
ԣԣҲ˼
ҲǵͷӦ
˵ʵӺͿ񽣲ִ֦࣬Ҷ͵ģֻȴûпĴҲΪע
ˣҳϣôȫ軳ɣ
ԣ
Ƭ̣˵ЩǼܹȥʮаţ
ǣлӦŵ
ٺ١лл
ͷѿЦݣʮһĻʮˣЩ˿ǾǧѡģͨĿˣֻҪһÿڱãҲõǲ̽ӻ߼
ţ
ͷʯ磬֮ʣµʮʱҲȥܣϤһΧĻǺɽһƬҹ԰ţ
ǣ
ʯȻ֪쵽ҪʲôǵͷӦŵ
УԣټеοˣͨĿԷֱǼÿڣ˶٣ֵ
ãһͰȥ
šû˰ɣ
ͷЦǺǵĵһȥָһЩˣϾǿģɲǾǸֻ˵ˣ
ûˣ
ʯ࣬׷ҡͷĽȴǺǰһ˵һ£
Ľ˵Ц
ղ˵ˣʵͣȻ˸ʵԷڣ
Ľ̵ĵҲָҲһĻ۽ǲܿ粵ʺܲɣ
ԣԣĽ˵Ҳ룡粺ɭһɣҲᵢʱģʯҲԱͷ˵
㲻ӦĽ۾һģ
˷ĻЩвɭ˾ԵЩţΨִ˵֡
ȴҲ΢Ĭһ˵ðɣҴӦˣ˵ǰ棬Ҳܾôڣܹʲô̶ȣҲȷʱԹң
ٺ١Ӧͺã㵱˦ƹҲϰˣֻҪڵʱǸǣʯЦǺǵӦ
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Ȼ⻰ɳӰָȻˡ
ǣһŬס
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Ľ˵꣬תߣʱʯ࣬Ҳǽɭ粣ߵǰǶطǰǼ򵥵Ľһö˽һɭ粵ľ״Լʼ˼Ϊǰźʺϵѵ

ʲôǣ
һպɴ˫ǰվʯ࣬ʧ
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ǽʱ䣬ǲǻһЩϢƽһЩʵ
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λشȴʯ࣬Ľ̡
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дʱ䣬£ϢֶйأУνǷӲѡ
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ʧѵĽֽԱߣЩȻ
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ûвϢ쿿ϣʵ
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Ľ̼첻ĻĵѪµ£Ҫܹô׵ıЩҵϢôѪ£УҾȥУҪҵṆ̀ǲǸûһ˼·
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֪
Ľȴҡҡͷʱͷߡ
Ĳ֪ҲֻһѣڵҪôǾҪԼȥĽƲƲ죬
ðɡҷˣ
ЦãȴҲûٶʡ
ɡ
Ƭ̣аʱȥܣϢܣҳһЩÿܵȥ飬һ㣬ɴ⣬ӣ
ߡţ֪ˣĽǣӦ
⣬һ֪ͨһæĽõϢǵϢҲһȽϣȡܹҵһЩõģȻҵģʱԽԽ
֪ˣһȥϵһ£ĽӦ
֮ĹϵԷ֪ĽаɷеĵλҲԲܸʲôɫⷽĽҲòϣȷҪá
⣬Ľæϵһүүɣ
ֵĽȴһ£ʱ˼׵ã֪ˣû뵽㾹ȻʦҪãߺߣ
Ҳðɣ
ЦӣĽȴΪһƲû˰ɣˣ㣡
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ʯٺһЦϰĽ֮ദʽκ졣
Ȼ˵ʱȴͻأɫһݣʯĻʹ˶סó漴˫ۡ
ӺպôЦʯ磬߰ɣȥӭһλˣ
ˣ
ʯһҲûʣ˱̻ɽ¡

ǰЩӡŮӣʯɫһ䡣
Ҳεĵ˵С㣬ôˣܲҪҵаɷŶְɣѲѪµ˸ʲôô
˵ʲôأ
һɣȴǹһЦаЦŶѲˣң뵱ҵĵλˣ
Ų˺ų죿
צӣȴòƽ˼ֿɰ
Ѫ¹Ϯ¼ѪʹҲ֣ǵʱǸصùڳаɷŻЩΣա
Թ˵ûʲôĿģ´Ҳţ
˺ˣЦˣ˰ɣ
ԽĿɰӣЦЦȥ˵ɣСòһΣɵҺúдд
ߣ⻹࣡ߺߡͷǰ·ǰԴ
ϣС㣬ʯ磬ȥ׼һЩɫЦ
ǣ
ʯӦһˣֲкһͬɽһ߿˵ЦһȴǾţϾţҲѪйϵҲò


1365 ϵʾãռ䣡
಻ǵһߣϴιȴΪУȴѵݰݷãͱ̻ͬʱ̾ѣԳֻãҲòޣȻûôȴҲһ֮С
С㣬̻ɽôɽ۵аɷׯ԰ºЦʵ
ߺߣǿ԰ɣ
ԼΪϲȴԾɰĵ
ǺǡǿͲˣܹС˵ǿҲаɷµҰЦ
ߺߡ
ƲƲ죬漴Χ˵㲻׼һЩɫ𣿿ɣҸ·أ
ãã˶
һЦһЩ˷ֱζȣ࿴۾Ź⣬Լ컹ӵ춯
óԣĺܺóԣ
û뵽£ôóԵĶ
ЩóԶϣСͲƽǰˣҶðɣ
һ߳ţһ˵ЩһÿЦá
˵С㣬㶼˵ҼƽˣǸ𻹽ҡ
ôа
ò¿ʳ췭һۣСˣ𣿺ߺߣҪʦǵԹҲأߺߣ
ʦ
ԶʱһԺиֳһǿӰ񣬲ɵʵʦʲôòɣ
Ǹصߺǿ쿴¾Լʥ۷ʵҲ֡
ڸһͷ߼пǿߣ
һ£ΪôǿߵΨһͽô߸Լأ
ԣ˵⻰ֻһЦ̸ˡ
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ľˡ
ϻΪԸⰡ
ེ촽ߣҪ㣬ʦôҹߺߣҸ㣬ΪҾһҪʦĻҪǵҲˣСŶ
˵䣬ǳ˼·ȭֱЦá
˵С㣬ʦôߵģʵ
˭֪ͷʲôʦ˵ˣֻиҽŻͻƣ
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ʲôʦûʲô˵ʵ
ѽ
¿ӣͷһȻŶˣŶʦ˵ֻҪͬҸǷһʲôȫһΣ

⻰Ȼ
ⲻ֪㲻үӵʾãӦүӰɣ
Ϊʲô˼һôȫֵһɲ򵥣үпǿߣûʲôԭôܻὫΨһͽ͹һ˵Ƿһ
ôñСί㣿ߣҸ㣬˵㲻Ը⣬С㻹ԸأԥӣǲƲ

عæûôܲԸأСܹǿң
ߣ⻹࣡
ͬСŮƵģĻʱͷ漴һһɫξ˳ţүүҸĶ˵ǶãҾãͦÿģҲ֪ʲô
⡭
ξ壬ɵɫһݡ
ȻϢͬȴоʮϤָоڵõˮ֮ʱģͷתУѵõ飬𼼶ˣôܻһأ
ԣξ֮죬ȴ˰˼ľأ
˵ʲôû
ңܿٴαϵĸֲڡݺݡĵһ󣬱ǿʼ󶯿ӣϵвȳԵĸɸɾŴ˼ͣ¡

漴һŹǷҪ˯
ã˰ţ
عԸ˴ȥסԺԱߵǸԺϢԽԺߵסˣҲʮǸԺӵĻ򵥵ϴһڴϺܿ˯ȥ
죬һ氲סޣһҲ˰ע⣬Ͼڵ˵ҲòСһЩ

ԼȥطԼȥ˵һһң
ɫξôᰲ
ɫξ壬йأھһɣôǲ˯˯ðȡ
飬
Һ콫ξϣ䣬ֱӽ黽
˾һĻˡ
ûǱϵξʱΧһδطĸоҪȴܹоϵ˷ܡ
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˫΢У޶ľš
ڴżӺξжȻӳһǿҵĿռ֮ת˲Ǻںһ쿴ĺǽţΨ˶ʲô
ܿȴǷںξȴǲ̫ı仯С״ЩȫһΨһͬģȴռ֮
ǡ
Ȼ뵽һ㣬ȡˮʱΧҲвǿȵĿռ֮ƣӣ飬ľȴûУĵȷȷԳ˼Ĳͬ
˵ʲôأ
ü˼һʱڳת֮⣬κ֡
ʮӺȻͣסһ⾶ֱĳȥ
˴Σȴûлصڣͷϵתͣͬʱռֱ֮ӽոӦɲǣȴǶȻֻΧһ䡭
ڵңʱһƬɫ¡
ȥʲôǻɫģһ˻ɽĸо
ȻȴעЩΪԺжȻֳĸ֣ռ䣡
ռ䣡
Ҳ𾪵ĵɴ˫ۣ㱻ϲȡ
֮ǰˮĿˮռ䣬ռ䡭
Ȼ첢̫ռ䵽ʲôõľãȻˣؽҲ϶Ǽ
ҪǣȻһִ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
飬ǷÿһӶһָռ䣡
ˣôξҲ֮ˡ
ǡ
ģȴһüͷ֮ǰཫξ彻ʱ˵ĻɵΪʲôǸүӻ֪ξãѲɣ֪飿֮⣬ʲôݣ
飬ܣ
ǼŮ֮⣬ͷϹԶǶ
ⲻòеΪ𾪣ڶĵ˼־裡


1366 ռ飬¹
뵽֮ǰԼˮˮڿˮռˮΣǳƬ̺СɫռлС
ûκΣճ֣Ҳȫúܡ
ȻΪˮռˮڵԵʣҲʱעΧһб仯ռҲͬĻأ
ж˺֮ܶУʥ۷ʵȴҲܹޱеĸо쾪ȵǣ޴ڵÿÿϣᱻһ㿴ĸĤȻоȴʲô̫֮С
ƺΧγһ¶ȸƵġ
֮ǰˮռľЩһ
ܿ췢ɵ΢΢ü
ˣȲȥˣһ鿴
ʼ磬ȶķȥδκεͣ
ȻֹȥʮӣԾûκη֡
ܣһƬɫһ֮⣬ûʲô⡣
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1370 İ취
ĻʱԵּæʵùã֪ôֹħѪ󣿡
ţ
Цŵͷ漴ȴֺһ̾Եû´ĻѪľѾ˰ɣȻ㲻ôʧ
ǰڸղţ
Цһ£ҹж򵥵һ飬εĵҹʧˣҪȻҲƤӵѪģ
ˣùãħѪľѪҪһʱôͬʱأ˶ٺüͷļʵ
ֻѰѣ
ЦЦ򵥵Ľ͵ʵ󷨶һǵѭ浸أһ㣬󷨴ӦúǣħѪҲӲ󷨵ķ룬ȻҲˣ
ǲ֮Ը⸶һ۵ĻħѪҲһҪ̶ֲɵģ
˵Ҳ̫żν޾ԣû֮ǰҪȥֹҲûа취ģ
ԣ΢΢һǺȻʲôƵģ˵ѪʹҪ󷨣ҲǰӶʧȥܶ׼ʱ䣿

ףѿɫУȻ֪֮ѪôӦף֮Ѫ֮ѪħѪҪɣ
ǵģ֪
ͷЦǹùã֮ѪʲôôģҸŪ
Ǻǡ
ĻΪЦһ£һúϤĹùãæùãǲ֪֮ѪʲôͱٴˣֱӸҰɣ
֮ѪʵָĲʲôƣ׼ȷ֮ѪӦָһˣ΢ԥһ£ջǻ˵
ˣ
⻰춸Ȼһٵĵ˼˵֮ѪָһڵѪָôȥѰأ
ù㣬ħѪҪԸҰɣ
ǣ
ôΪʲô֮Ѫܹ֮ѪأңҪħѪĹͬʱҲҪ󷨷ã
Ѳɣ֮Ѫ˾У۾һæʵ
ҿûô˵Ŷ
ٴЦЦֵɣֱӸ㣬ҪħѪ֮ѪôضҪԸ֮˵ֱϵ֮ѪȻ󾭹֮˵һƣ֮Ѫ
ֱϵ
ԣʱ˫һ
һٴνΧҵֱϵϣ
ɣ棬Ҳ޷ֱ˭֮Ѫӵߡ
и취˵ܹ㣬𣿡Ц˵
Ȼụָ̀ԥĵͷӦ
ǾħѪ󷢶֮ǰ֮ȫߣͬʱһԿϣܹסصĴ󲿷ֲѪķΧ˵
ȻȴǿЦãԵùãڿһʱôˣ֮ǰҲȷȥħѪԿɾ֪Ҳûӵ󷨰
˭˵ûеģ
ЦЦ漴кȻһ򣬵ݵǰЦŵһϹ󷨣ʥ۷ʵӦÿԲãȻһܹʩչ󷨵ǿҹƣҪԿħѪӦûʲô̫⣡ֻ
ˣĶ˶٣˵ֻҪұ֤󷨾Բйүү͡㸸ĸߵǼŮҲ˵
ʲôôģ
ɲѣȴǺǺһЦİɣѵΪùûẦ㲻ɣӦùõĻȻǿ㿴Ŷ
˶٣ȻԸۿ뼴ֵѪ䵱УǾ͵ùʲôû˵ˣ
⻰ԵǼ
ΪصȫջǺܿĵͷӦãҴӦ
ǺǡÿûȥٿɣùˣȻֵñ˵ˣι㣬͵أ
˵䣬кαֱԭʧ쿴ĿЦãһлĻûü˵ء
ǲΣ컹»صԼĻԺ䣬ʼרĵоϾù˵ôѵĻԴҲȻҪʱ䡣
ѪѾɣһѪʹҵ֮ѪĻôħѪʱ
µʱ䣬ʵǲˡ

磬ԷʱͰĳԷɣǵģ
ڶʱ֣ŷü˼ӣǵĵ˵
ھѪɵ飬ŮѾ֪ˣȴҲﲻʲôæŮǾԼûãҲϣΪ˶̫񡭡
Աߣ磬ҲǷ׷׳Ȱ죬ŵСҲˣо˺ůĹģΪж
ˣ֪ˣһ԰ɣȻһˣ
Ц˵ЦļԷ
סĴȣ۾գѽգģԵְ֣ҵȻҪȥ棡
ȥȥĶһ¡
ѪʹʵݶûŪټʱֵܳħѪҪǳʲôΣգǺ밡
ְ֣Ǿֻȥ
ĴҡΣİɣǾɽأ
⡭
벻Ӧȴͷһתû취ֹħѪ뿪Ҳδһ£
ԣ뵽֮ʣǺܿı뷨ͷͬĻ
Ү̫ÿ
˷ܵһڣֵ㣬ܵܣӰ̣߿
ȥɣ
ЦǺǵİ˰֣Ҳû˵ʲôǺСһһͬ뿪ˡ
΢һ٣ŤͷŮҪҲһȥɣ
硭
룬Ůûж
ҵģɫһ࣬ɫ
ã㱣أǵĺϢ
һȻô˵ˣǿ϶ı⡣
ںѣŮһۺŮҲ뿪һ漴ٴνڣоù󷨡
ɽУһ˺ǻֵţСһǰĻЦǲڶ·ԸŮڵĵƵģҲǳһЩЦݡ
һ浽ϣĽ£Ǹӷ磬һȥ׼Եõġ
ԴˣҵǶûʲô
ȻڳԹ׼Ϣ·;УȻֻǰһǺ֡
ղô£
ü΢Ҫ˵ʲôʱȴиֳޱصɫǿΧǲǾЩ֣
ܵĻȥ֮ǰûκεĲͬƫƫԳ˵Ĺ졭


1371 ʧ٣ͻ飡
ѵĻ˾ɫ䡣
ˣղҼǵûֵͦţôȻȫʧأ
ΧȻѾ뿪򣬵һֱ϶ģ¾ʮҲ˰
ԾСһ㣡
оâ˸ȴѾ֮ǰͷˮ̶лָȫԵı黷˳ʱ̾пֵܳΣգ
ȻѣԼҲǳŸԵһСΧһȴҲǽм䡣
ߣǰԣ
һͷǰ·ĻС
ң΢һЩγһ̬ʱӦκηֵΣ
Ȼ˺һΧȴһֱĵģ
ҪǣܵĻȻǵǰϱ仯ֹİȴ
ԣǿǼ
ĳ
ǰļǳֳһ̬
صǲɺϵĳֵڶΣ
֮ǴҾȻסˡ
ѵ󷨣
ɫѿѡ
Уûһó󷨵ģ
ΪʥԪİͽܣҲ΢һЩȴôҲ޷ȡ
ϸ۲Χȫ޷κ쳣
ãȥһǿʯͷ
ѵĻӦһǻִһ
䣡
ʯͷ˲ɷ飬ʯҷɣƺһ㱻ס龰
ڣ˷Ҳ㶡
ǻĻôǿʯͷǾӦñģ֮ǿʯͷӦʵڵģ
ڵֻǺδأ
˰˼ʱ򣬺ȻһѪ⣬һ㼱ٶ
ã㣡
״鵱˺ԥķɢȥ
ȻѪȴһ㣬һδ֮ǻһȣֱĳλϮȥ
ûüκηӦС㱻Ѫȫ֡
Ҫ
ͬһʱ䣬ǼŮҲѸٵĳ˹ȥ

Ȼ֪ΪʲôȻŮļ֣˲
衭
Сｻ֣ڼŮû˵ǰʱѪʧˡ

㣨ã
˼״׷׾漴ڴҶļɲǣܻȻһӸղŵּžٴαһЩ
ʱڵĵط֮ǰξ쳣֮
ܣǺЩĽ򣬶ǴҵĺȻ֣κξȡ

ҲϵؽţΧ˷׷ŤͷȥȴֻѰңЩĿκηӦ
գڼΪĵķԲʮ֮˼飬εȷʧˣ
Уǵÿȥ磡
üо󷨣ã
ߣ
Ϊץʱ䣬ҲԥѾ˲ʲôˣ࣬Ѵټһͬɽ˲ƶȥ

ʲô
ǿߵضʧٵϢʱɫ䡣
ĵһӦѪ֮ΪΪľҪЮԼ
Բ磬Ĳ֪⵽ô£
кᣬѹ
ѽ㣬㽫ϸĺ˵һ飡§סϸһ߰οһ߳˵
ã
ѵͷǿеѹϸϸĽŵһȫ˳
üͷԽ壬ѪµΪУҵȥңߣһȥ
ȻһɲǣȴԺжȻһԼԸ˵ŵͷȻĶҲ֮һ١
ôˣ
컳УỨƵĵ
ԣ
΢˫ۣҧûô򵥣ѪµҪץΪʲôǵѡʱ򣿡
죬ʱˣ㻹ôʲôϵʱԽǾԽҵ㣿Ա߷Ƶغ
ô˵鼱æ
룬Ѫʹ֮ҪħѪԸҵʱ϶ΪѪʹݼ¶òôԣζԸңǸѪʹ˵ҲǼΪҪģ
һ˵Ļܷȥץ
Ҫвʹ޷취ԸħѪأ˵
ֿܣȴԲ󣡡
컺ҡͷѪѾɣҲֻһɺħѪְֺ취ߣѪʹΪ˼Ϊ߰ۿ󷨼ɵʱֻ󷨽ҵɱ
ԣһֵĵط
˸â˵ץвĻѪʹαʵȫԽһץߣΪʲôֻץһ
԰
ѵĻ۾һ漴ȴɻ󣬡Ϊʲôأ
û´Ļ
ٴһɫޱصĻѪʹѪһ
֮Ѫ
飬ѺŮǵɫѿ˼㣡
֮ǰѾǽ˹֮Ѫ飬ҲŸôȥǸҳ˭Ҳû뵽ȻΪѪʹĿ꣡
ڵޱȺڣ
֪ˣ֮ǰͲͬǳȥ棬ʵʵĴضã
Ѫʹҵи߲㣬ҪץǼǲܵ飬Ը⳹׵׵ı¶ݣ

͵ĸԼһȭ
ȻʱүүԨֱƿԺ˽ЦǺǵĵ˭
ৡ
˵ĿˢˢĳǱȥ֮һϣȴû뵽ͷһ֮ˣƣ
ûǳƣ
ǳƣ
ƶ㣡
ƶ衭
ŮʱܵߣȻһкӣȴÿĹĳЩ΢ܵĴһк󣬳ƻˣüʵôˣأôڣ
԰Сأ
ԨҲǺɲѡ
˵ֻҪûµʱСӾӦһֱճǰ

˼Ƶϲöʱ٣ЦѵʧˣӦѪʹΪ
ʲô
Ԩͳɫ˲䡣
æʵô£ѪʹΪʲôץ죬㵽ôģԼŮˣ
Сӣô£˵ԨҲߴٵ
үүƶ㣬²ܹģǣ
ЩŽٴظһ飬ԨôӵۣŭǼһôĹ
ߣȥ
ƺԥתߣ߼ȴסˡ
죬ʲôѵ뿴ǵŮȥ𣿡ƻͷ
һгŨŨĵ֮⣬һ˿Ϊһ̵ĳƣƺĳ衣
һ䡮ǵŮȴ˵ޱȻ


1372 Ѫʹ
ͬһҹصĳɽС
֮ǰѪ⾶ֱûκע뻳ɡ
ɽȣжһ֪ˡѪʹ
Ѫ⽫ڲݵϣҹֻ»ҫïֵУЩ»𵽵ø΢΢
Ӵ
һȴǲûнۡ
ɵķܵĻȴ˸ޱȵĽ
ڰѪʹע£СӾֱӴӴָóȣһһžôСֺСϱŪգǰⰲɽš
Ӻȿֲ֪꣬ĶóһЩˮϴϴ˿κλң
¾Ǵˣ±ȻŪﶼԱƽСȴգƺһ㶼żƵģ
СѾͷͲ𣿡
ѪʹֳΣȴ֪Ĵһ㣬ŤͷˮĴ۾ѪʹЦ壬ǰְֺ˵ѪʹɣΪʲôҪôѿ·أĺѿأ
СѾͷĲһɱ𣿡Ѫʹٴʵ
ѽ
СӵԴһƨڲݵϡ
ģͦСӲһݸ
㡭
ѪʹĿЦãǱڵѪеԴεҡҡ
壬Ҫɱ𣿡ͷʵ
ǣ
ѪʹԴüΪɭ˭ҵѪȻҲ֪ΪʲôڵѪȻ֮ǻҪ
壬˵ʲôأŶ졣
ǲĲҲֻСԼˡ
㲻ö
ѪʹֻҪףֻнҹˣϣὫѪƳ֮ѪʱʱرᱻħѪȫ֣Ҳ˱𣡡
ô
Сӣ¶ᱻֱſޣȴͷգżλƯĴ۾ʹ壬ҾһʧܵأְһɹŶ
ְ֣
ǽĻѪʹЦСȻʵʮʥ۷壬ҪֹļƻһЩʱһħѪɹǱңܹ֮򣬵ʱұΪʵҲ˶һǧ
棬ŮѱЦøΪ죬ƿһ㣡
ڳ½ЦѪˡ
Ŷʹ壬Ц˺òãĺأ
Ȼȴ˿Ӱ죬˵

ЦͻֹѪʹŹֵ
Ȼû̫Цȴһʥǿ߶ԳܣСȴô򵥣
ѪʹȤ
СѾͷң治ģѪʹʵ
£
һЦ¶˼ΪЦݡ
ҿѾͷǲײĲᣡðɣ㶼ҪˣҲʣ
ѪʹǱòУȴЦʹ壬˼Ҫ֮ǰкܶܶóԵģ㲻ҴһЩ𣿡
㲻ǸղųԹ𣿡Ѫʹߵ
ǣҰְԿأ˵ˣһֻҳģҽأС죬˵
ʹ壬ҪɣȥŪЩóԵĹȻҸҺͰְֵĹϵòã
գŴ۾жˡ
ãţ
ۣƺҪǲԼ
ܿ죬СǼΪϣֿĿУѪʹοٵʧˡ

Ѫʹ뿪ĿЦ˳ȴǻΧСţ۾з˵㾧ӨỨҧ촽Ľšְ֡衯֮Ļ
ǲ£Ҳǲġ
ֻǣ֮ǰ֪ѪʹĴڣˡ
ӺûҵԾȵİ취ȴǺˮ˲ʧ±֮ǰûûΰӡ
ͬʱѪʹҲи˳˫һЩζȣɢŨ
СѾͷԣһٷˣ
Ѫʹ˵СҲԹԵССڵĳ
ѽôóأ
ûаְֵļȺóԣҲûķóԣ
ʹ壬㶼˼׼óԵĶ
Сһ߳ţһߴߴ˵ͣΪжԵʣ˵Ļʮֺ塣
˷ѪʹȴòС
ҪˣûûεСѾͷģĪΪܹѡʲôȥȥЩʲô
СѾͷǲǸ˵ˣ
ԵòˣѪʹųʵ
˵˵ʲôѽ
գ۾ѪʹÿҪ̲סˣҧ㲻˵ˣҸЩóԵģ͸֮Ĺϵ𣿡
ŶŶ
СӻȻĵԴ漴ҧ촽ĵʹ壬Щôóأ
㻹ˣѪʹһɵĵ
˵ˣ˷ѷ˵ĺӲǺúӣǺúأЩѳԣҲԹŶСӻص

ѪʹսȭͷŬѹͷķŭҧгݵĵСѾͷ㵽˵˵
֪۸Сӣ
ίı˱죬ѪʹÿҪ̲סˡ

ȻʱЦʹ汿أְֺ֮϶ǸŮϵѽ
ҡ
⻰ǡŮϵĸ֣Ѫʹزһû
ɵӶ֪
Ҫ˵ģ
Ѫʹҧҧ·ǴƵġ
ѽ
СȻĵ˵Դǹĵĵʹ壬û°ɣˣҪҪϢϢѽְ˵ܰŶҪҪҰ󣿡
ңҡ
ѪʹĲ֪Լ˵ʲôˡ
ȻһСѾͷˣˣ
壬㵽ҪҪۣ
СѾͷƺѪʹŭ޸оƵģɲϵ˵ЩͯɰĻ
ˣ
ʵ̲סˣѪʹ͵ŭȳ
ѽ
һæӣ漴תһ£ȴԵ壬˵ˣŶ岻ãۣԼ𺦵ĿԼأ˼ֲģѽ
ৡ
û˵꣬Ѫʹα㶸ȻԭʧǱСֱ˵ˡ

ȷѪʹ뿪ˣЦԵüΪġ
ְ֡
Ǻܿ죬СѾͷٴα죬еĵ㾧ӨỨ֡
ӲݴվֱӣʼصɽȥȻȴûзκοԳȥͨԷҲͬУɽȾͷ·һ㿴Ļȫ֣γһΪļΡ
žһ£ʧ˵ϣһſˮͬһջ䣬˼㡣


1373 ŭеѰңΣ
һߣĻרԺС
үүԨټһͬÿ˵ɫȻ˼㣬ûʱȥĳôȻͻԭ
˵ѪʹͼпܽѪƳ֮Ѫ
ʵˣ񲻾ʧȥл᣿
Ϊһ֮İΣĵҺصİȫ
ܹ˵ԼڣԱ֤˺صİȫҲԲκε顣
ǣ
ͷصԣǧѪʹ֮ѪƳɹһҪٶȽоȳ
ˣһ٣ɫΪѿĵûƴĻϱħѪʱ䣡٣ᳬʱ
ʲô
ĻƲȻŭ죬˵ûȳĻǿŮֻʣ²һˣ
ǣ
ܲϣʵˣȴòͷ
أ
͵վεĵֱȥҲô룬ҾԲĿҵŮȥҪʲôȥԼȥҵĹŮ
ƶ
Ȼúʹǳӣ·Ժкܶ౻ļƬ⿪ƵģϧԾ޷ЩƬеľ廭桭
ߣһȥ
Ҳ֮ѾͷܿɰҵĿĹԲܿ£ΪΪҵİȫҪһȳ
ĳϣȥ֪ͨһ¼ڵһ½ط׶죬ҲҪҵҰȫȳ
ǷԸʱڵּһ̾š
ǣ
ԨӦŵ첽ȥ
ͬʱչ󣬱Ǻһͬ뿪ˣ
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ǷܹѪʹ֮ǰҵκ˶ûоԵİգ
ȥ֮һĻᶼȥҵĻô֮һĻᶼûˡ
Ҫ˵С˭ôضɣ綼֮
ԨĽе˶ȫ
Ȼȴû漰κѪʹ飬ֻ˵һ˽ץߣҪþְ취콫ҵǱ֤˭ܹṩ׼ȷϢôӦ¡
ɱˣҲκεԥ
ΪԸΪУ
𵴲ѣȫתɢȥ
ҲȻûκεԥ飬ѣԼһͬѰңÿһضûŹѰҵĹУǽľʩչ˼£ΪľǷֹ»ʲôض֮ڵĵط
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˵Ѫʹ᲻Ὣȥˣü˵
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Ҳ֮ͷϧҺ֮һֱֵľϵʧˣӦǱѪʹͬʱһķϵϵ
ڸô죿ôȥ¡
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ߣǻȥ죬飬ѽ㣬ǰһ
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Ƶͷұ֤һܳɹڿҲֻܾһˣʩڼ䣬ԲܵκδţУҲҪȫѰң
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ܿ죬һ˱صԺС
ƾֱȥңһ˽УǱ棬һȴʲôû˵Ȼ˼㡣
֮Źغú󣬳ȴٴν򿪣УȻܷʲôǶ׼ң
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Ůһۣû˿ԥĵͷ漴ǿ첽뿪ˡ
ʥ۷ڣαʵѪʹԹҲһһЩʱ䣬֤ƲᱻţʱҲ㹻üǸϹæˡ
С
ƽ˴֮󣬱ϥϣ͵һҧ⣬һѪ˳ڳɫ˲䷺׵ͬʱǿѪȴδ䣬ǰڳ˫ӡ֮ʣѸٵֳò
һģһκβ
Ůһµģ
ѪֵӰ񣬳˫ӡԽԽ죬Ҳ֮ɢҫ۶Ŀʹâ˲ҶУޱϢ
üĴһӡ𽥷Ź⣬ȴǻ˫ۣһɷ·بžԶϢ
ţǰӡǺһӳƵüĴǰӰУóϵԽǿʢеҲ
ͬʱƵɫȴԽ԰ףԾҧţû˿˼
ʵ֮ǰо仰˵ǾǴ˴ʩɹˣҲˣʧܣԼС
ʱһһĹȥۿ춼ѾԼΧӿȴû˿ͣµ˼ԽŨվ֮춼оһּΪֲѹ
ƶ
ҵĴţΪ˲ӰƵʩֵֻܽѹĵס
ҹѰضһ飬ɴûзκټ˭ûоʹ˷
һ鲻УǾ飬顭
˽һѰУɽҲɫ
Ѫʹһθ˳ֻǰһĻΪˡ
ڲݴϣ˯ģС컹ڲϵİţƺгźܶʳ
òϣ˯еȷӿɰһƵġ
ֻǣѪʹĵܿۡ
ཱུСֲһ´۾һǷʹ壬Ҫ𣿡
ǣ֮ѪҪһЩʱ䣬ھҪߣѪʹͷ
ðɣ
û˿˼Ѫʹӳһ֣漴뿪
ʱΣˡ
޷ȳµҵʱҲֻû˺塣


1374 հͷҵ
վԺб˫ۣһʱ̾ΧһУԷֹԳӰ죬һȷȫ֮ʱȴҲǼù󷨣ʵҲǲ˲֮һ
ˣɲϵѰš
ΪѪʹҪ֮ѪԵʣܴ뿪¾ץĵط򸽽ҲǻصҵصУ
ֻǴûҵѡ
ְְ֣֡
ʱȻڶ
컺˫ۣԼվǰ
ôˣǿЦ
㻹ûҵҲȥҰɣˣ˵
ţģְһµģ
ָԴ԰ְֱ֤ܿͻ
𣿡
գ۾صͷ
ðɣ
ΣԹԵͷ㲻ٶԡ
ʱҲǡ
ɶŮһҲΨһһѾ˵ġ
Сʱ˵˺ܶࡣ
ֹͷҲûж˵ʲôֻǾվһԡ
࣬鷳Ҽչǽܣ
˶٣˵Ƿһ飡
õģģ
ʥصʵչһԽܣȷ԰һЩ
ңϾĻרԺ䣬Ѫʹӻûô󣬸ܵš
ֻǣҪȴİȫԼصİΣ
һħѪô춼󽫻ǺѪȵĳ棡
ֻܿطȥˣһ߸ƻԺ估丽Ĺ仯ԳҲͬǵ֣ͬʱҲǼ󷨵İϣܹ콫ȫҲܹΪпܷ׼
ʱһһĹȥۿʱѾһ룬ƽҲ˰ʱ䡣
һӶ󷨵ѹпٵһĨâȴǿɬҡҡͷ̾ʵ̫ˣھȻ򲻵һ롭
ŴŴš
ʱԺеӿΪģȻγһСҪǣÿһλãһΪİ׹⣬·һ㣬ǳڷ⡭
ǡ
쿴Ŀ֮࣬޷ѹȣ
ţЩХ죬ת˲ֳһǳâƶ䣬·һ㣬ʱ죬ص˶оˣһŬѰĹУ̧ͷȥĪ
ΪʲôָоϤĺĶƵģ
ü㱼ԺкȻһ档
ھ֮ϵĳУһµŮϥΧһƣüĴİӡǸޱҫ۶ĿХ
εǣͬǰ㣬⻭аŮӵò
ۡ
Ȼ䣬еŮӣһţȴһѪ˳ʱ㽫ȫȾ죬ֻһǴֻлع
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ڴʱҴű˿
漴ƵҲǴ죬
ˣ
ɫһ䣬첽ҡΪƵޱ·ҪϾһ㡣
У˲ʱɫ䣬ƶôˣͷ
ڵĳƣԭһͷں㷢ȻѩףһѪɫ񶼱˲١
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ҡҡͷ͵һҧһѪæָǰѪֳӰ񣬵ˣһȥң˶һ𣡡
˵䣬ǸոѪӰ񣬶ƻһ㣬һ󵭵Ѫɫɫ໥֯Ĺâ漱ٷȥ
ȻӰΪ˸ָ·
죬찡ǵŮ£ȻһӶԭģ
ŬһӣԼȴͷһĻ˹ȥһͷ׷ǰۣ쿴ʹ֡
ΪҲ˲ȷƲΣպóʦҪڤԪԥι漴ſٵʩչ׷ǰӰ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲͨүүԨԼһЩ˵ȻǿٳԼȡһҪ콫Ѫʹоȳ
һӺ󣬼ȵˣүүԨ漴ϵ
ٹ˲ӣ飬ԼŮҲǸ˹ܻвٵ֮˷׷ۡ
˿ɻУҲδʲôֻôһӰ
ڣû֪Ӱ񵽵׻ȥʲôطҶǽ棬ӰٶȲ̫죬ҲڸϣֻǺĲ֮ȴΪʵԵʲò飬һȴԽԽ١
ô
ӰԼ˴Ⱥɽı鼫ΪŹ֣ҲŴ뿪ãûκηְ
ǰҲҲ֮Ե
û˵ŮҲڣһֱӰȺɽд
棬ȴΪٶȵԵʣкܶҵʼδϣȻ;һЩûһֱ棬ԵΪֹܹҲֻвʮˡ
Щû̫ע⣬һֻҪȳ£
ڹȥʮӺ󣬺ȻӰֱûǰɽڣһ˲ɽǰͣ
ô£
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Ҫ˵ӰΪֱֱӳĻҲԡ
Ϊ֮ǰܶʱҲͬƵɽڻߺܶ赲ȻӰ񶼴ûһôֱӴȥǰɽڿȥޱ˶֪϶ʲôطûǷְˡ
ѵʲô󷨣
˵Ŀ⳯ȥ
˶ˣΪó֮飬֮Ѿˡ
ҿˣ󷨣
ҡҡͷҪ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬺Ȼ֮ǰûɽڵӰ·˻һȴǻһֱûͷȻһ

硭
˼״׷ɫ΢䡣
ȴǺ˫ۣϲõҵˣ棬ֻǡѪʹҲڣ
Ҳڣ
Ļ˫ͫһ
ӣѪʹǼһѾʼ׼ˣ
ͷǱҪ취ɽ⣡ҪѪʹ֮ǰȳ
ǣڸô죿üҪǿƳܲһֱŰɣ
԰ɣ
ʵ벻ʲô취쳤³һǽǧýֱӻ˳ǰ


1375 ɽڣѩƳ֣
ǧý֣ӡǿ˲˷Χӿ
ƽն
Ŀһǵȳ
ৡ
ʮ׳ľ޴âŶƲƣǿҵƿ֮ʱǰɽںȻϮȥ
һ̣ʮ˷׷׽ˣǿĳ޷ܣϾЩȻԪȫıУ½ನ˵ҲǺǿġ
˵ˣ飬ѺŮҲǽһЩΨмүүԨվԭδ
䣡
أ
ǣâɽϣʱصľ𵴣·ضΪ֮ݺһ
ұ
оâһȳɲǣǾŶƱͬԭӵһͬʱըѿ
䡭
һοֲĽ죬ضɽҡһ㣬ɽھ˲֮⣬ûܵһˣɫֱѿ˼㣡
ҲΪ֤ˣɽڲ򵥣Ҹղ˵
ֻǣʥ۷ʵȫһȻûκãҲôɫΪء
ȻȻΪʵȴҲֻʥأԶ֣Ҳֱõľ桭
һʱ䣬칥ͬʱҲԴ˴ɽڵĹе˼顣
췽Žȫһ˵һɽˣһСɽ¶ֱӺһɽھ˿
ڸô죿
˾֣ȴһ벻κЧİ취ԨҲˡ

ԨüͷǿȷɽйŹ֣ǿƿֲУ᲻ʲôԭѵĲ󷨣
֮ǰͿˣȷ
˵󷨡ʱȴǻȻֹס˫𣬶˶ٺȻΪ˽ⲻٵ󷨣ѪʹϾαʵټѪҲǴϹʱڱһֱеڵ֯һĲұ֤ǻ᲻ʲôİ취󷨵ĺۼϢ
磡
ʱ˵󷨣᲻ɽںһռ䣿
ţ
⻰ʱһ㶣ڳ֮˶׷¶˼ɫ
ֿܡ
һ֣춼֪󷨣󷢺ۼѪʹֶΡ
ڶ֣ռ䣡
첻òϣȽ˵
ΪǺѪʹҲֹһˣѪʹ֮ôǿΪôǰΪʲôʹûù
ߣȻղ˵һЩǫĻ֮ΪϣҲоԵŲκһˡ
һ򵥵˼֮Լ˶Լͬѡ˵ڶֿܣ
ֻǣڸˡ
һƬռĻô϶Ľ뷽ͬռƣԼصӡһ㡣
ҪƾղǿƳ³ﵽʵȻûʲôܵģ

쳤³һɫȴԽء
ǰɽڣǺκΰ취
ԵΣվƽڸǵǵ˼㡣
ѵҪĿƳ֮Ѫ
ԲУ
ҧ˫˸ޱľâ
ѪʹҪǸҶһë췢һʬΣ
ŭڲǣ˫ԾŵȫǷŭĻ档
ɣ뾡ְ취Ƕʼ޷ѰҵͻƵĿܣôʧͬʱҲԽż
ģ˶ް취֮ʱֱϺȻ׹ʢһ˾ȵĿУѩǻﹷС
ء
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ʲô̫ˣȥ
ѩ˵а취ȥʱϲߴ١
ѩƳͷλһ׹˲ɵɽϿգϹâʢת˲Ǽٱ󣬲ĹѾָѩʨı塭
һĻ˾̾ѡ
ЩֻѩʨǳﹷģǣĿࡣ
ϹѩʨȻͬ찡ź룬̾ѡ
ǰ治֪жܹѩʨ׷棡ԨҲ̾ţҲΪĻԵеο
磬ѩǡ
飬ѺŮæյǰĵʵ
Ȼȴֻҡҡͷδ˵ŮҲٶʣ̧ϸѩʨһһŵĲУΨѩƶʧˣôǿ½վֻĿѪʹƳ֮Ѫˡ
ǻᱻ÷裡
𡭡
˹עĿУѩ͵һϰ׹ʢɲǣһţһɫɲǼӿУǳɽڴӸ͵ֶȥ
һ̣˶Ψ˵һ仰Ӱ쵽ѩƵģ
ڣɫ׽ɽ֣Ŀռ֮Ѹٵƿʱѩȴٴδһţǰɫ·һһЩռ֮ͬʱȴɽںһƵĲϱѹ˿ǽһĿɿڴ
ڣû֪⵽ô£
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ȻٴѩƵһǰɫ͵ķձ֮漴ɽڵļѹȻֹͣϵİ׹⻺һת˲һռмֳ
ǡռͨ
һ£ѩƴ˿Ҳ»ﹷСģɻصĻС
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үүߣ
˶˵ѩջұӡúûָ󣬱кŴҳǿռͨȥ
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⡭
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ģ˵ҵķԸ˭ΥԼҹ۴
һʱĵǣҲǺܿĳԸ
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Ӧŵֻ죬ԨԼϽŮһͬռͨ˾ǣǽȥ֮ǿռͨȻʧˣ»ָ֮ǰѰɽڵģʮ˿ľ첻ѡ
ɽڲ࣬ȷ֮ǰ˵һռ䣬żΪŨЩȴޱߵѪȣǲüͷһ壬ܲӦ˴Ļ
ǰһ͹㳡ԼĪƽ֮ࡣ
ڹ㳡ȴһ׵ĸ̨ÿһΪһףÿһ׵ĸ̨ȴǱѪ֣ԼԿЩѪֳ˾Ÿ֮ͬ˵ģǱΪѪƷǾˡ
ڸ̨ˣССһƾԵѪ⣬棬ȴһѪɫ۵ڲϵӡﻹڲϵ߶ʲôѪʹ
ǾȻܹҵ
ע⵽˵ĵѪʹͣס˶ӸµңѪɫ˫һĨԵľȣȴǲм


1376 𾪵˵εĴң
ѪʹſҵŮ
ǰһŭѪʹȵ
ſ죬ΪƾǼˣֹܹ𣿡
ѪʹŮѱ棬ֲ֣м
ǰ׼ѾֻҪʱŮڵѪᱻƳ֮ѪʱħѪ󣬵ʱضΪţ
ѪʹĴЦţȴɫ䡣
עƺκηӦŮʹ˼㡣
ʲôʱôһŮܹ˶Դ
Ѫʹʵ
ٷſȻҪ
ҧΨóȻֻѪʹҲǿֳ嶯
ƾ㣿
ĻѪʹмߵ죬Ϊ㣿ñҲǲԣֻҪԸһΣ
Ѫʹ˼Ǿ滻Ϊ֮ѪĲϣ
Ȼһ˵Ļ˵ˣ
ѪʹĻɫһǿӣҪѿڶˡ

ʱæǰס֣ǧĻˣȫûԣ
죬ҪǲҴӦͿɣѪʹЦ
嶯
үүԨҲ˹ڹ⼤ŭ㣬ӦҲԲŹģ
ǣ
ҧҧĿѪʹߣ˵ģҪĳ嶯
ˣ죬һֵĵط֪𣿡Ѫʹֵ
̧̧ۣûлӦ
Ѫʹʼ磬ļѡѡôɰһСѾͷǣѾͷȻҲѪҡ
Ѫʹ˵ҵɫúǹ졣
˵ֻĸŮҲֱϵôܻѪڣ
˹ɫУѪʹֵǣѪȻ֮ǻҪһЩ˭ܸңô£ҼѵҲ֪𣿡
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ҪĲǹѪӺζҪ価ԲĿѪʹƻɹҿ¾ĻӴгˣ
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ƽն
ŭУ񱩵Ĺƺޱ˳
ʮ׳ĽâھŶƵУǽ֮֮ǰչֳ˸ҵĹ

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ɾƽ˲䣬ѪʹȴǲмƲƲ죬˫趯˼£Ǿ׵ĸ̨ʱѪʢת˲γһѪɫ֡
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ϧ˭Ҳû뵽
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ʱ飬ѺŮͬʱ֡
ڿնռĸͬķλѪʹԼµľ׸̨Χм䡣
˺ԥĬ֣û˿ı
ĵƣǵȫʩչ±˽֮ղŸҵƣ·ռƬضھҲһ㣬ɹĵѪʹȴ˿κεĻң˵ԴӼǽôһ˿ľ⣬ûнǷС
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Ѫʹ˻Ƕʱɫһ䣬æŵʵ˵ʲô
ǿ쿴·Ԩ

˫ĿˢˢϣԭСһѪ֮Ⲣκ쳣·˯һƽڵȴСʹ࣬ƺھʲô˵ĥкݺһʹ
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Ҫ˰ѪʹЦøǿˡ
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Ȼ֪Ѫʹ˵Ǽ٣ղŵȴҲʵʵڵģ
һԣôǲ޷ȳҪĿƳ֮ѪѪʹɹħѪ󲢽ʽ
һʱ䣬ѪʹſЦ֮⣬ȫĬ
ԭΪͨѩƵĳֽܹȳ¾һ֮ս˭뵽Ѫʹ˹죿
⣬ֱҪɱ
ҪֶԸѪʹƺǲˡ
ڸô죿
˶ɫķ·ʱγˮ
Ѫʹ
ԺкȻһͷȴδĿڵȻѾһҪңôǲ֮ǰҲһЩ
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ѪʹſһЦ漴ȴǺĹһЦߵ찡죬ΪļۣǲǶ֪𣿷İɣһ̣һǵԸ


1377 ʧѪʹ
˷Ϊ
ԭѪʹ˵ҵݣô˵Դ֣ⷽҵµ÷û룬Ȼϵʧ
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㡭
ѪʹĻŭӯҧ־ҵһսѪʹ飬Ͳö𣿡

ѪʹЦɲЩ˾ӣκ飬ڱֻҪܹɣôԲֶΣ
һֶΣ
ҧҧҲ㵽ʲôˣңĪǣ浱һͷǼٵĲɣ
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ѡŻ߲Ӧû˻㣡
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˺ˣСӲŶ
οԣȥһ
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Ѫʹ⣬쵭ĵѾ˵㻰ڻȥǣ㡭ˣ
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½ڻУЦΪСѾͷϵỨͷǷཱུСһڡ
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һֱȻüβɱ죬ɶһֱûܳɹһѵԾɻǰһ
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ȳʱϼӿһռֻ֮˲Ĺ򣬱ǽѪ̨ѪʹԼԶȫֻ֣ܻһ䣬ѾһƬɫ¡
ռ䣡
죬ʲôطѪʹŭʵ
˵أ
һЦصߡ
Ѫ̨ϵѪ⣬ȫʧû֮ǰֹ졣
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ʱһɫĹâмֱû컳Уǻ顣
Ŀɰʱ˴ҵע⡣
˫۷Ź⣬ỨĴ۾гŶԻϲͬСӱ̱ס飬컳ȥʼЦ
ƺ֮⣬Ҳֻжǣûһ㲻ͷ˼
ˣ֮ˣ
֣Ѫʹȥ
ʱѪʹȴ˫ֲӡͼָѪ̨֮Ȼϵϵɲȥʼ޷ɹѾȫоѪ̨Ĵڡ
֪һʧˣһĵ
ֻ벻ͨﵽʲôطôԵѹƣ
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Ůԥһ£ǹԹף漴Լ鳯Զȥ
죬ԼԨˣǻѪʹƽİУޱɱѸ͵


1378 ս
˶һˣ
ʱԨԼȴκɣɫص˼㡣
ռ䣬ѪʹԵѹƣϾαʵ˭Ҳκεи
νѪʹΧм䣬Ѫ̨Ѿȫùˣռѹ£𲻵κãҪѾصǱߣҲصĻ֮ǰǰٶʲô˺
֮⣬һǶ˷ܵ顣
ȣǾζѪʹҪƳ֮ѪĿȫʧܣ֮¾֮ǰѪĳɹħѪҪɣѾǲܵˣ
ԣڶΨһ뷨ǽѪʹɱԽҺ󻼣
ȻѪʹҵҲһҪȥ˶֪ҶҲ֮ˣκκ³
Ѫʹ
˫΢У˸޾ĺâһǳѪʹֱϮȥ
ৡ
ͬʱԨҲǺȻ֡
ˣͬķ򹥻չǸԼΪǿʵƬռѡ
κεıҪѪʹɱڴˣ
úã
Ѫʹ˿̷ƽһЩ
ɱȴԽȻ
ԼļƻѾʧܣԴӱüƬռɲǣ㳹ʧˡ
ĳɹѣѪ̨ʧȥϵټ޷ռгȥѾκγɹϣ
ƽ֮ʣѪʹȴ˫˸޾ĺâ
лᣡ
ҼĳԨԼ춼ڣǽնɱû취ħѪ󣬿ҲضһƬңʱеĵλҲδûпƿң
Ȼܽ˵׼ƿԼУôһЩ
˴Ѫʹٿ˵Ŀ⣬ɱ
ʱѾûͷֻҪܹɱˣô㲻ʧܣ
ء
һ񶷵ȭ֮ڶѪʹ񱬷¶һѪɫĹâޱȿ񱩵Ϣ
ĵӰڰвϵ˸ײֲĽռ䶼ڲϲԶսҲǽ֣ڻвĻ飬˿Ҳţ·ΪǼ͹ľƵġ
һѪʹûκ·磡
ĹƿƼ򵥣ʵȴ̺ޱǿ
ÿκĶԿǼ򵥵һȭһţڽӴһ˲伱ӿǿ񱩵ǺʹʥʵļҲˡ
ʱһһĹȥ˵ĽսԽ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȡ
ǵٶȣ쵽˼£·Ƭؼ洦µĲӰ˿ۻңǸ׽κһ˵ľۼΨʱʱƺüŮĲݡ

ͻأģԨѪʹһȭֱӻУƺһμٵɶǿԨڸִ֮Уɫޱѿ
үү
״ɫ䣬˫ӡȵĽٱ䡪ն
ʱʮ׳ĽâХҪ׷ԨѪʹԼҲǳô˻ἱԨ߽סүүô
Ѫʹ
ͬһʱ䣬ĹҲǼٶһڽâҫ˸ͬʱ˸ΪֲĹơ
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ѪʹмƲƲ졣
һʱӡһǿѪĽâ໥󣬱˸ľҲѪ⼱ֳһֻ޴ѪƣǳĹӭȥ
ŴŴš
Ѫ뽣âգۼӴһ漴𾪵һĻˣǱǿֲĽâȻѪвĦ֮ûκθеЧ
һĻɫ˲䡣
û뵽Ѫʹǿ˹
һߣԨҲĲ£𵴼ٻָϾľİæҲԼүүʲôΣա
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һ̣ǿѹУֻһ𣬲һѪֱ
㣡
ʱԨٴϮ
ǧýӿޱĺâ
ԨıᵶâӿݣŭĻһ㡣
үＱٶ·϶ΪһƵģѪʹȥ

ѪʹоһΣŭһԥȥһ˲Ҳõ˻⣬󱳶亹ʪһоޱȵıڶѪʹɱ޲ýƤʬΣ

ŭУֽϮٴαԨһչµһֹ
Ϊǣ
Ѫʹ˫ѪâһһӵɲǣһѪɫǹ˲֣ԩƣǰĹŹ·ֱһ㣬˶ʱɫ䡭
ùĹֶΣ
ɫޱæתԪ⣬ǱĹȴһ٣Ѫʹ˸õʱ

ŭУǱѪɫǹ趯ǹӰֿⱾΪɫĿռƽޱȵѪϢ
ǹӰʵһļ˲һ㣬ֲĹգۼ
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ͬʱԨҲʩչ˸ǿȴҪúܶ࣬Ͼʥصʵ
գɱǣ
ѪʹѪкâһӡ˲䣬ûб˻ɢѪɫǹӰ㼱ֳһޱͨѪɫ˶ɰĿֲĺƿƵģ˵ı˲ѿ˼㡭
һѪɫȻ̫Ҳʮ׶ѣչֲֳȴޱǿɱ
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˰һȴǸԼæӡеҲǷ˼Ϊľâ
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һվ˳
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𼼡ս죡
ҫŭ
ӡʱǸǼֳԪУȴʵһ㣬캳صƼƵģǰϷ裬Ⱦսٷޱȿ񱩵ơ


1379 Ȼ㣡
ȥ
ѪɫԼ߼ٱƽ͵˫ͫһȳ
𡭡
ͬʵʵǽХգۼѪɫֱײһ
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ÿһεĶײ˺ҧмΪǿĲĽŮò΢һЩֹעȴ٣ǳΣŮҲԥǰ
жͬһͷҪһ
˿ǱŻԹԵվߡ
ĳ֣Ĵ۾գѽգģǹཱུСϳŶޱΡ
ȴʱʱм·ҲΪƵģ˼ֿɰ鶯
ŵŵš
Ȼһ֮ǽƱ֮ѪɫΪӴ󣬵ȴȻ·磬̲סڸ𵴣ζһЩ
ϾѪʹαʵ
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â뵶âڿм֣ʱƬռһޱȷϢ
޴Ľâֲĵâ˵УǺԥĳѪɫնȥ
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ۡ
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ȸλ˼ŵҩתľ飬ͨǺϵ֣ľָλָܿš
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һΣ˱˸ӿ񱩵ƣ׵ľ˲ϢԵĳҲǷ裬ޱݣҪѪʹƴĳ嶯

˵ľٶѪʹɫһǹҧȻˣǾ͸ȥ
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ռ˶˭ұ֤һָܻˣ
̫òʧˣ
Уôȥ
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һ͵ڿգȫӿܵĿռ֮ٷĸо
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ת֮תأ
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ɲҪһȴǽһѿڶôܣȻ㣿


1380 ʹ壡
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ûǸ֮źܲ˼ʹϵź֮˶ܺõϣ壡
УЩʧԼƾҲ
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ڶȥ
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ۿԼѪɫѾûȣҲȥܣ漴ܿ콫߷Ԩϡ
˽еԪϧȻһЩѪɫٶȺ͹ǿȣȴ޷ͬǰ˫İæԶ˵ΣҲԽԽһ˫Ѫи˸Ȼɱ
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1381 ʧ㣬ã
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Ȼʱһռ֮ܿռݣ˸ʲôӦֻǰһ»ص֮ǰڵɽںռ䡭

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ǴӸղǸĿռгˣ
ſ˫֣ܵķѪɫоƺ𵴵ļٻָЦȴǸӵ
죬û뵽ɣָֻѪ̨֮ϵֻҪѪ̨٣Խ޾Ŀٻָ
ֻҪȫɱˣƳ֮ѪħѪɿԼ
Цֻ﷢
ǰ֮ǰռʱ򣬵ȷҪȻٵѪ̨ûռΪļͳȻֱռ䲢δҪָ֮ǰ״̬ȴҲһ򵥵顭
֮ܶһ仰֮ǰѪʹʧ㣬Խռ䣬ȴҲΪʧ㣬ٴΣС
֮ǰ̫ľİȴҲҪʱָ
ԨҲܵ˲ƣ¾ҲӲȫʢʱڵ߳ʵ
㻹ǣ𵽶أ
һʱ֮䣬Ѫ̨Ųѵ壬˵ȫ˹ȵס
磡
ʱǣѺһͬ˹
һԣҪһҪһŮԥ˵
⻰첻֪˵ʲôˡ
ھҪŮͳռ䣬ȴ
ҲҪͰְһ𣡡ĵ
ãһԣ
һصͷŮһ
κξ⣬¾ҲҪһ

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Ѫ̨İ£Ѿָȫʢ״̬Ȼ¶ݣŵѪȴԽŨſֲƼӣǸо˺ǿѹȣһɫҲѿѡ
ȻǶּᶨû˿
ˣ
Ϊһ֮۾һжʱһС

Ҳ۾һûǵˣòӶݣǴҲһΪѰҳѪʹȥ˲ٵı
ֻϧѪʹ£ջǽű췢ֵģ
㷢֣Ҳܹϸ׼Ҳڻ䵽Ρ

ҧҧѪзޱɱȴȴҲһĨ⡣
ȻҲǵһĻһΪļ֮һ
㻹ʩչ𣿡
Ϊ˷ֹԨЦŴʵ
ûУ
ҲЦѵҡҡͷ˭˵ֻģ
ʲô˼Ԩһ
㿴ðɣ
ûж˵ٵԪһ⾹ͻΧռ֪ȥĶˡ
һĻü˶ɻѡ
ԼҲǵһʹãǷܹã
ৡ
Ҳʧ֮Ĳ䣬ܿռȻѣһռвƵĳˣһµߴǿռл
ͨһ㣬Ϻκܹղεˣһͨ
ɵӶŰɣ


1382 ̫ϳѪӰ
һİߣ˵ˣүүԨΪĳϣҲǴδ
壬ѪʹҲһɻ
Ҳû̫⣬ΪѪ̨İ£Ѿָ۷״̬
ɾɻ֮ʱǺȻֵȴ˫ƻǵһɨͣһųȥڵĪ㲻ʶϷˣ
ʶʶ
ͷ˾ȵĿУԥĹȥ̫ϳϣ
̫ϳϣ
Ŀһ
Ҳɻ󣬰Ԩ˾ˡ
̫ϳϣ
ĹһЦ𰡣ʮ֮ãΪϣѵ̫ϳϱ᲻֪𣿡
㲻֪кܶ࣡
Ƴһ壬ߵΪΪʲôһֱΪһ壿ĪǣΪǼ֧ôӴļ
۷嶼ǿߵ飬ҲѴе֪
û´ĻӦصǿˣ
һڰֹһ
𣬴˭ϷôЩ죿ʵ
̫ϳϵĻ˾֪ʮһֱأҺʶ֮һֱϵڲŽҴص
ŶԭϷǵǰһ棡û뵽ȻֶΰӦѪ֮˰ɣαʵȷˣ
ϼһĨЦݣƺ˵αϲ̨ƵģгŲмζ
˵䣬ߵĿ漴ɨǣܿ춨ϡ
죿
ߵĻæԱ߽ܵλҵ̫ϳ֮һǰ
ǣ죬̫ϳϣǷǷ
ĳԨ̫ϳϣԨҲڱ
ʱ飬Ҳ׷׹ǷǷȴǱС֣գŴ۾鶯˫˸żΪĹʡ
үүʶҰְ֣𣿡Ŀʵ

Ļ˾ɫ΢䡣
Ͼ̫ϳǳμ棬˭Ҳ֪˼ҵƢΡ
̫ϳϣĸŮһϰˣʧ֮ҪСһʶæ
֮У֪̫ϳϴڵҲֻһɾԼҲǾܼһ档
ǺǡϷûôƢ
֣ʲôɫЩŹֵĵղ˵ĸŮ
ǰôˣͷɵ
û£
һĨû׵⣬һȴǺܿٴνĿ˶Ѫʹϡ
ɲǼ䣬ԭǵ˫ĿȻʵʰľâֱֱ岻һȻԳʧ̬
ƥҪʲôԼû֣ȻЩ
Ѫʹ
ۣĵþöû˸ҽƥˣŮޣ㵨ĺܴ󰡣
Σƥ㡭
һȻո˵ʱȻԭʧ˺޲ɲǣѾǰ
ž
һȻȳӦϱʺָӡǸ˿˿ѪԵüΪǱ
һĻǿĿɿڴ
ǿα򰡣
Ȼһƶ㲻ȥҲδ̫˰ɣ
ƥ㡭
Ѫ˫ŭ
Ȼͬû˵꣬һİ
һٴαˡ
һΣȻЩ׼Ծƺ̫ϳǰһճӤƵģ
ŮޣҪٸϷһԣ
ŭӯ壬ЦĪΪϷƢܺ𣿡
ۡүүðһԿֱС֡
ȴоޱߵ衣
ƴˣ
ʵ̲סˣ˻бѪʢǽµѪ̨ɢѪ⣬Լ仹֮ǰѪ˵˻𡭡
ֶΣ
мƲƲ죬ҲûʲôٶΧӿͬһ㳯弰Ѫֶ̨ȥӣ춸Ȼ˫һС
֮Ȼǿߣ
֮ǰ̳֮ʱо֮ģȻ֮Ϣͬȴһģֿռ֮һã
֮⣬쾹ǾһڵﲿλǿˮҲǿٵһ£ƺܵɢ֮Ӱ죬ھ֮ȴҲԳ֣
һ̣ԭѪʢ壬֮ļУЩɢѪ⾹ǲΪĵķԲ֮ڶ޷ͻơ
㣬㡭
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һڣһȻ֮Уת漴һѪɫӰٸֶ
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״͵˫ͫһѪӰʮϤ
ҲѪʹ֮ʱ֣ǱΪʥ޽¹ĻƼʱ֣ǣΪ쫷ҽͷϹԶҪ
ԣѪϵķѪӰνǼ̣
ٴμѪӰĳ֣β𾪣
öǰ񣬻ǸѪ˵
ǣ
ϵѪڷѪӰֵ˲ȫ˷ЩĻЩԸԾɹԹԵĳǷǷֻǲδ˵κεǸĻѡ
ǸѪµϣ
ûһĿǷѪӰǺôĵӣȻҶҳ֣𣿡
ôò㻹ôƢ
ѪϹЦһƺ˽Ƶġ
ԣüʶϷ򣿡
Ȼʶ˵ֻʶ㣬ʶƺ壡Ѫ˵
ʲôǶʶ㵽ĸϼһıסˡ
ʱԱߵȴһͷˮ
״ԥǵ˵ĳϣ֪ܹλ̫ϳϣ
֮⣬Ѫ˵ˣ
λ̫ϳһֱڰػңܹ֪ͨǵģȴֻ˵
Щͷ˶ʵλ̫ϳϵʵΣǶ𣿡

ףǳ羴ӦҲǰλһΣ֪ڰǰλǰǿߣҲͣ


1383 ֮ս
ǰ
⻰ˣǼ˶ʱ𾪵Ķ֪˵ʲôˡ
ΪĳϵԨǱüΪ졣
ǰ֮ˣΪһЩò߻Ԫ½ʮ꣬ɲܹȥڴ֮ǰλ̫ϳϵ䶼δ˵
죬飬ԼҲھȡ
˵ȷһ޴𺳣
ǿߣжǿʵǸ˵ֻʵװɣ
ǰ̣쫷ĪɽĪүӵȵʵⶼֻԼĲ²⣬¾ù򣬵ҲδԳϣ
ͬʥ˲һ㣬ı־
ͬѪʹ壬ʵȴδôҲֻ˵α
ǣԼ򣬷һӿ¶ֽ׶βϲ£ΪÿһͻƺϢϢأʵܹȴԲͬһ׶֮˵Ķ֣
ǰ˽һ仰ʥ½Ϊϣ
֪Ĵڣһ仰͵ûɣ½Ϊϣ
֮Уʥ֮˲ֱڴ֮ǰ֪֮Ҳָ÷ëݣ
ͬ۷ļһ㣬ǶʥصǿߣҲ֪жˣ˵˭ͻ
ûУ
׻˵ʥأһһ죡ʥ֮˵ʵͻƣһѣ
ȴһ仰ô˵ģأһһ
ǿߵÿһͻƣѳ֣ɹɳɹʧܵĺض룡Ϊˣ򵱳ǡ÷ϡһһ֮˵
Ϊˣǿһ㲻ΪǲմӶѵֱڶɽ֮ʱҷ
ҲΪʲô֮ˣȴδԭˣ
˵ҵλ̫ϳϾ򣬲λǰʵ׶ҲǲͣԲŻǾ
ŴŴš
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ʱȻһϵĹŹռ˵עȫ˹ȥ
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첻⣬俴ѪϵķѪӰֻǵվԭأ໥ŶԷδκξٶΣȴǸͷɻ󡭡
ֻȴԵĸо֮Ĵڣ
ϣ͵Ӧһľսʽ֮ϾĶײΪǿȥô򵥣ʵԲעᾫ𣬽֮˸Իָ
ãǿ쿴
ͻأģһ˵Ŀˢˢϡ
ʱϷ˼԰ףҲزҡţ·һĴƵģҪǾȻѾ˿˿Ѫ
ȻڷѪϵķѪӰ֮սУѾ·ˡ
ֻڲϵŬţκ
ȣ
һɲǣֻȻһȣϵƼӿȻԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾǷѪӰǰ
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һͨȭͷƼ򵥣ȴ޾ĿռǿĳȻûԵĴȴʮĸоȭͷϲƵĻϢ
һȭϵĻ²Ҳˣ
ȻǷѪӰȴǲδֻѪʢת˲γһѪɵȭͷʵһ㳯Ĺӭȥ
أ
һȭײƺһƵġ
Ȼֻһ죬ԽսΪģȴһֲĲӡ
ԭƽĿռ䣬ȻӿУǼ鲻ԽĽˣ֡
أ
ţȫʩչŹһȭһȻƼ򵥣ʵȴ̺ױȵ
ǷѪӰȴԵ̫࣬ⷽϳϵʵĲһѪϵĶ֡
ʱĻţǵɫҲص˼㡣
Ȼλ̫ϳϣֵȴֻһֵĻǺؽ룡
սԾڼû֮ǰƽͷѪӰΧռвϵط˸ʵ¾ʥصҲˡ
ڶѪ̨ϣѪʹһ˫ȥӦΪƯȴѪɫ˫Уȴ˸ޱĺâ
һ߹עϿеսһȴĿⲻ¶ۼɨ
ƺ뷨
ȻǶעеʱѪʹѪɫ˫һתȴζȻһѪ⣬ǼڵλüϮȥ

ƺղĳȫ㵽켸ͷϡ
һֱȫ
׵ľ룬գۼǷӦȴѾˣһɫ䣬ǷɱУܿռ䶼ƵģǸκη֮١
ģ
ʵߵȴ֪ĶðǷ֮ǰ
˿̵Ȼִ٣ȴеԪڼǰٵĳһԪ֣
أ
һ죬Ƿֻ˲ӱ㳹ױ׵壬ѪƺûܵκļϮȥ
ʱԨүҲǻعԥʩչǸԵķֶΣͬʱҲС
˴ΣҪûʲôʱˣֵܹסĺȻѾܲˣ
ң
ۿĹƽͻأϿȻŭȡ
漴ѪϷѪӰĶսһֱ·ֱǼǰ
ʱĹѾˡ
һӡľٶУȻһҺ徹ԸٶȵɶеĹƶ˲һ㣬ûκЧ

ҲһɲǣǷѪӰȻƽѪ˼ѹȣ˲ֳѪɫһҪذĿֲôҺѪҺתյ˾޴һ㣬ɫʱޱѿ
Ϊ˾ǣ˴ȴǱѪץס˻Ҳ๥׵ľ뾹գۼûиٷӦʱ䡣
ǿԶܣһȴǽ˷˷ѪӰĹΧ֮С
ǵʵһеĻ²Ҳˡ
״˫һУҪʱȴǺȻһһ׹·հ˲֣һƣޱϢǽȫ
衭
ʱȻϲѵȥ
ŴŴš
Ƶĳ֣Ϊ֮һ㶣ǷѪӰҲˡ
ȴ˫ͫһݣٵӡ˲Χһ֣Ƕһͬȫ
ŴŴš
ѪӰĹǰѪɫѪڣȴʼ޷ͻƵıֻܲϵΧͼ˺ҧˣ˿Ŀ࡭


1384 ȣ𺳣
ôܣ
ѪǲŵӴ
ͬȵĻǡ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪѪɫȻѪϵȫһȴҲôֵܹסģ
ȫʵȥҲС֮˴𵽾޴õӦǺȻðǶơ
ðɣʵ˼Ҳǰƣֻеѣ
ӹȥѪɫɢȴǱѪջأǱǶİգǰϾ˿˿Ѫ죬ЩѪҲʧ𽥻ָ˴
λлˣһ
һɫصĳΧ˹֡
ϣҪΪһαѣҲпǵˣ
裬衭
ȻմĴţѣһֱǣСֵ鶼Ҫǣסˡ
Сӣƺûô
СӣҽУ
켱æСȴָͷϿյİƲϽš衯
磬˵ĸòƶɣ
ĵ첻΢΢һ
뵽γƺȻֱ֣ƺǰһˣ첻ɵһĨɣѵƶ
˭뱾ԣ
ѪϵҲܱ֮ѪɫĿռǹݣֻĤۣɫҲ֮üΪѿ
۸̵Ůòͷˣ
ͻأģһǶΪϤŮʮƮݵĴһӰлɫȹڶѪɫռȴǸ˼ֳ֮ɫ
ǳƣ
裬衭
ĻСӷУһЦ˵˳ƻС
裬ڻˣŶ
Ҳˣء
СѾͷˮҪǮƵĽģжɰˡ
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ƱӿƮ䣬ɵǰվ
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ųƣ˵ĸо
·ǰѾһˣǳҶС㣬ϣһ˫ȴΪܰΪìܵĸо죬ڳ˾ɻ
ƶ㡭
ŮҲ˹ȥźһĲ⡣
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ЦЦʱ崺һ㣬ŵֹ֮˲ʧֻصǰǸơ
ֻǣеĸоȴôҶ޷ǣƿĵס
衭
ųƵĲӣԴϣ¶ޱЦݡ
ѾûܹӵĻˡ
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ţ
СӵͷǱƷ˵ϣǣ֣СŲõ΢Ц
裬Ļˣ
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ǣӵȱȴһʰ쵵ĳβڳƵϣһԣ·һСڳƵġ
죬ǵ𣿡΢Ц
ûشǼæ裬ҪҪ

ûоܾǱΪӷɵУСҲ˲仯ʺϳƵĴС˲ʺСֵĴС˾ǣȱβȴǲϵƣԼϲϵᴥ·ÿɰСӣġЦ
һĻ˿һݸΪ澪ȵͬʱȴҲ˺档
ӡĺϤ
㱼䣬ֻһԺȴһƬĻ治ϸ֣ӵĿҲøӲ١
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ϤĺϤ
ﲻ߶ţȴʼ޷ԺеЩ濴
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ȣ
֣üΪİ
ȴһ㱼˫ֿٵһӡȴǴоֱɵǰϰ׹ƣȱβʴʢ·δҵӼ˸ĸһ㣬֣ױȵԡ
ƿһĻɵý촽΢૵磬硭
Ҳǿ־棬ɺȻ飬ѺŮıȴֱЩŹ֡
ΪǺȻղ˵Ļ͸Ƶģ
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ⲻܰ
˵ˣѺȷϵʱ䣬ҲҪȳԶöడ
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ḧȵ棬Ժиּ仭治֣ͷʹǣЩ仭ȻϤȻȴȫǲ塭
ע⵽仯Ʋһ
ȣ
ʱΪ̫ϳ֮һȴƺȻʲôƵģɫ˲䣬һֱƼΪǵ˫Ȼȥ
̫ˣǣôܣôܻ
ϵţԴڲҡΣǲš
̫ϳϣôˣɵʵԱԨһۣǲĽ
ʲô֣ʲôϵУ
ʳü⣬ȴֹסΪƵĿ⳯ɨһۣλǿ߾Щ֮⣬ֻ˭Ҳûע⵽һĨ𺳵𾴡
ȷԼ֮ǰǲŵĲ²⣡
Ǹ˵Ļô
ǵãǻʱһΣⶼٶȥˣǸôᣬֺôһһ𣿻УǸСŮʲôˣ
һʱ䣬ȷ˳Ƶݣȴֱɻš
ڳƸղŵУֻܽЩɻѹĵף˿ı¶
̫ϳϣôˣ
æĵʵ򻺻ҡҡͷδ˵
һȴҲԽ֣ȫһͷˮĵĲ⡣
ʱҲǽ˻ȥЦĵˣ磬벻ͱˣԺ֪Ŷڿɲôʱ򣡡
Ͼеڲ࣡


1385 Ѫϵɱ
˵𣿡
ѪϵĹȻɫһ䣬׷̧׳ѪʹѪ̨ķȥ
㵽ʲôˣ
ѪӰѪӿȻݣҶܹеĸܵǷѪӰʡ
ʲôˣʸ𣿡
ͷкκ⡣

ĵ۾ǹʡ
ãã
˳ƵĻѪϲЦЦǲ񣬡֪ʲôǱûʸʵģСŮޣҪΪղŵס˱Ĺ͸Һͱ˵浱ûɱ𣿡
ʱѪϵĻǷѪӰѪɫӿѪɫռҵѪâʹڳ˶оһǿѹȣѪҺתܵ˼ӰƵġ
˵û̫ܵӰģȴֻˡ
һȻ̫ϳ
ڵڶȻǳơ
ϰ׹ƣܵѪɫ·ʲôһҿ
λ𣬺һֳװʣŮ·֮С
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ƶ㡭
ŮҲĪĸпƾóƱ˲ʳ˼̻ӣκһ˿¡
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ʱǿռиѪɫƲ㲻ϷӦѪϵŭɱƵģ·˽Ķᵽɤ۶ˡ

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1386 һ˲ľ䣡
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ѪϼԼĹƶɵøɫŭһغ
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Ѫɫ飬Ƭա
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ͬʱƿٵӡǰɫǻûһͷˣͨŰɫ棬Ǿ޴˫᲻ȶڴ˿̺ܹķ
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ţͬһӿԱ߿ϷѪʹ˲һ˸ղŷѪӰڵλã
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һ˲ľ䣬ڳκһ˶û뵽ģ

ҲǱסˣ漴ǰɫĹУ׻ңȴֻ˵һ˻˱㱻ɫС
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Ҫ֪¾ҲΪ令ģűʱģУܹƵ˳֮⣬Բ˫֮
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ϾΪ۷֮ףǴûңҪҵ֡
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ΪѪʹǱʮ֮á
ϢиʼԲ飬ϾѪµ˼Ȼܹʮʱ֣ô֮л᲻Ҳӵأ
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֮ܶΪ𵴣Ѫ³Ϊ˾Եʸ֮ġ
̶ʱڣѪ±Ϊ˹˺


1388 ƶģ
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רԺУܵǰСһҪ޳Ŀӡ
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˷һۣûĵôС߼·;òˣ
ǲǣҿûǸ˼æ֣ˮĸǿֱЦ
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ЦˮЦøˡֻЦĹУΪǵصȹǶԱƺʱҪĳƵģ治֪Ҫ˵Ŀˡ
ôҵʲô𣿡ܲ⣬ͷʵ
ˣҺ˵ɣܵܣ
Ц֮ˮ˵ֱۣں˵һ˵Ŷǽҵʦأ
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һһȥһطʵ˲ŻˮǱѾ˵ˣҪĵһϢ˵
ܹˮĸЦǺǵĵ
Ȼֱڶ֪Լ̵ȴԱ֤˵ûκζ⣬ʵضܹΪʦҲͷ顣
Զԣܵ˵öŶˮҲԽЦӦ
ǲƨˣֲ
ûĳ˶һۣ漴ٴεڶƶģ


1389 ˳
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仰һһʱ䷴Ӧıǳơ
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ɫһ䣬ȴǺԥӦ
ܿ죬뿪ӣֽ˻򵥵Ľһ˺ˮһ˱ǼҴҵ뿪򣬳˹ȥ

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΢һϲɫͬʱֵʱڶսѪϵʱѩƺƶһ𶯵ְɣ
ǣ
һ֮ٵͷ
̸Ϊˣôʲô֪Ƶġ
̣˵ƶйϵ𣿡࣬ʵ
ȻУ
ͷҺԵѪϵķѪӰҲҿѩһ֣ȻǡˣҲȲˣ
ʲôˣ˲δ˵ֻǿɫƺǸδ˵֮ʮֵƳ硣
ҲûǸȥЩæ̣ǾȾƶɣ
ģȻˣһҪ
ЦŵͷȳȥŰɣһʱұԻһƶ
ãǳȥˣ
˵ţ˱뿪˷䣬Ҳ뿪ԶϣͬʱǷΧȻһ֣һ֮վڷ涼ܹоǿѹϢ
ܵܣǷİɣʦ֣ƶһûµģż˵ǵɫˮο
ţ
ף֮ɫδٶ١

ˮҲһ̾ҲٶԣǺһͬԺ¾Ⱥ
һʱʱҲ࣬Ľͺá
ʱķУǻԲѵĳƣϧƶƶǺοأòֻصܹһ𣬿㾹ȻýǰΪѵͲ֪кܴ㰡ôɵ
Һöٺٷһ֮Ȼ¾ֻô˯ȥˣ㰡
ҿ㻹ǵѩƣȻһ˿޷£
˰ˣ˵ɣ
ţ˫裬ɫâУϵȹȻȫʧ𪽿۵ӾţǼƴһ㣬·һǳǳʵİ׹⣬˵ˣ¾Ů˶òΪƵе̾
·Ʒһ㣬˯ûκζѾϢ
ֲǰСһֻϲһˣǰһʶûУǳ׻ָĻ񲻡
Цţ㲻ٶԣ˫ֿٵӡһɫΪʹâƵӡٴ뵽ڣͬʱұµİӡǺܵ˼һ㣬ʼɢΪº͵İ׹⣬ȫóƺƽ˰ȺƵģһ֮
Щ׹ⲻӣڲоžŰʮһ֮ȴڳƵüĴᣬµһӡڷ⣬־
ʱһһţڵΪ˳ƶŬԺУҲȥʱʱǸ䣬Գֽ
˵̩ɽģ¾Ҫˮˡ
ʦͬԼһ

תۣһʱȥԽǺͽ
һɲǣͻأķΧĽ类ȥ˵ĻȻ𣬡Ժӵ󷨣
ã
ԣһ£㲻׷ʲôɻǰԣԺΧ˲
ҲһɲǣһɰɫâƷӿ󷨵Ҳûг嵽ȥ
ô£
˾֣ʱҲӷ˳żеɻӯӯһЦİɣֻƶͻƣʵǶһŶ
ͻƣ
ЦãͻƾȻʵ˺ܾȡ
̣ô˵ƶûˣ鼱æʵ
ţûˣұǰã
Цŵͷ
ո£ܵܵĳǣٳųڵķӿȥԺ䶼һɹСͷֱôҾǾ̾ѡ
ڳͻ֮ܵʵڶڴ
˲ʱԺһжɷ飬Χ󷨵谭ҲõĻ˵ע⡣
ֻǣΪڵһжƿģôܻעⲻߺȻΣ
ڣӦòʲô⣬ʼʱδ̫עһֱʱȥžЩԾ̷е飬ܿԺ⡭
ˣߣ
ĵ˱ʱˮСֱ֣˲뿪ֻһƮƮĻй¶ҵݣ£޹أ

ΪʲôҪôǽ󷨴һͨӭ˽


1390 Ƶʵ̵
һûʳʲô˽ȻǰȻһͨʥصʵҲһܹͻƵ󷨡
ǡ
Ժе죬飬ѺˣϺǲ⡣
ǳͻ֮ʱɵӰȻûͻ󷨵ķҲûӰ쵽ˣΪΪصƿߣܹܵʮС
֮ʱܹȷûκΣջϮ¼Ȼô˵ƽ
ûʲô
Ц£ֵֻƶָˣȻͻƶѣ
ԭǡŶ֪ˣ
ͷʱƴսѪϵķѪӰ֮ʱҲٿһЩй֮
ҪǣΪʲôȻôǿ
̫֮ϳ֮һҲѯʹڳƵ飬һʮ޵ҪöԳҪʮ֮أλ۷֮׵Ϊ⣬ȴҲҶʣ˵Ӧδ˵
һ仰ǲܷκ飬ԲΪУˮ֮У
ԴʱĻȻͷǾȣȴҲûжʲô
ڳôָģͻôĶǿҲܹܵ˵ˡ
Ȼ̵˵Ҳδˮ˵齲ŮҲȻ죬̲Ϊʲôô϶ҲԼԭ
ĵһָоȻ̺ҶȷֵΣȽĻȻȥѡ̣
ⲻ֪Ϊʲôͷ·һַѪĸо
أ
ʱǳڵķ䶸Ȼһ죬ǿĿռ֮ѸӿԺռ䲻φ죬󷨵ֹҲӵԺ֮⡭
ǿռ֮ӵͬʱ֮ǰһİ׹ٴӿֻȴǳ߿գգۼ佫ԺȫԺе˶ʱһ·˵Ǻƶõһ
⡭
־ȡ
ϧǰ׹ֻǳ˲ʮӱȫӿǷڣʧ
ܣҲ֮ʧҲ¶ʧ֮ɫ
ܿ죬ű˿
Ѿһȹ֮ǰȻռе˿̵ĳȴԵƽ࣬Ҳһ۱㿴ʵʥأ
˵ȥڣܹʥصʵѾһ
ɱѪϺѪʹʱƺʵ½˺ܶܶࡣ
п϶ʲôҶŪ飡
ôˣôôң
˹УƵͷһԼǲʵ
ţ
˳⻰Ƕһۣ飬ѺŮæߵߣƶ㣬û°ɣ
û£ʲô°
ƺǺһЦ˿̵Ѿúǰһֻǰڣ˭Ҳûע⵽һĨ⡣
û¾ͺã
ЦЦƶǴҶܸȤǽŶˣ㲻ǱѪµץȥôȻأ
˺Ȼ־أ
΢΢һЦ˵ĴӵԺ£Ҳ漴ԺΧ󷨡
˿Ҳȸ뿪ϾʱҲЩġ
衭
뿪ɻûȳƿڣԺбܽӰǰĺȻСӡ
С鳲һ˵ƻУԭˣĵЦݣȴȫȻʧ鶯۾ỨųƵֱۣΨֳƻ뿪Ƶġ
棬ǣҲˣƻָͬεļ˷ܡ
û£
ཱུСһڣԺҲ뿪ˣҲˣ
衭
滨Ц̧ˮĴ۾ơ
ţ
ĸŮһֻǲ׵˷ܵĴͬİһ㣬ųƵֱֱģǿöһݸ
磬ƶ豧
ܿ죬ֳſ˻ǽҲԥƻУױȵҸ
漴ּ򵥵ĽһЩ齲˳ֻƺڹʲôһ˿ûἰʲôƹԼ׷粽֮ǰȻǿƴսѪϵȵȣƺҲȫһ㣬һȴҲͷɻǡ
ǴҶףƿ϶һܴܡ
򣬲רΪڻԵô
ֻƲ˵Ļֺαضʣ

һֱĵϣһһ𣬴ŭݣĳԨ˶ȫһ𣬿νַǷ
ȻҲΪϣѪʹ飬ô⼸ʱҲЦ࣬Ƶĳ׻ָҲϲϼϲҳ̶һֱ˿
ŮǳȥˣŭԼԨλԺС
Ϊҵ𵴣ӦöٶһЩɣʵ
ţ
ͷǰһˮҧһڣףֻǽѪʹԼһǼڵѪ֮ˣ϶һЩصøİɣ
ǰ
ĻɫΪصĵͷѪ֮ȫ˵еڶѪʹڵĸ֣
к뷨ʵ
һ£ŵ˳һ飬صޣλϽһ˵
ԣ
ͷֶֻ᲻̫ĶңһôĻһҪպ÷ִͷ
԰ⲻǺǼĻЦ
ʲô취
ʼ磬Ҫ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǺĶһæңȥȥ
ã
λͷ漴ǿ첽ƿţ漱ٷȥ
У֮ǰΪѰűʹ˲ơ
ȻҲǲˡ
ܿ죬˲ԶһСУ˺ˮˮʦͽȺ
ǰЦõĵ̣ʲôòʲôҪɣ
£
ͷľûѪµأ
Ȼǣ
ԥػصȻȴǺĴϵ˵ĲЩСϺף
ţ
ԣһھڴ˿̶Ȼһ˿
һ̣˵ʲôֱ˵ɣ
ҲӦףѪǴϹʱڱ֯Ȼݻ˴룬ǲȴתҲܹԭ򣡡
Ѫ֮УѪϣԼƶеѪʹ˵ľѪԼѪ⣬ѪʹѪ֣ѪҲᣬѪʹ֪Ķ𣿡
˵ȴٴһ㶣ѿĵ̣òңѪʹҰɣ


1391 ɫϢ
ؼǵãֻѪʹһν
ǴѪʹҪаɷŵʱ򣬽аɷţ켰ʱȥʱΣѪʹȻ붯Ŵ˵෢ħ޹˺ް취롣
Ͼħ޿ɲ࣬Ŀ£Щһ㡣
аɷȻչܿ죬ֵȴ࣬ʱ龰ֱﺧȻ֡
ңǺȻֵùó֣ͬħ޵ֶΣ˼ǿѹƣǿѪʹѪʹ˼ȥаɷ֮Σ
ҲΪ˴սۣаɷŵڱ򶼴
Լ̵Ļܲ
ҡͷ΢һ
ֻҪҾͺã
ȻĻŽһµңҪӭһθΣյľأ
漴ȴȻѪʹңȴкܴĹϵ
йأ
ԣһæ˼˵ʶǸѪʹҹϵܺã

ףϸģҲܺ˵ȻɳֻҪסЩʱҪ̫עظ飡Ȼ˵ãȴҲԼܴ鷳
̣˵һ㰡ԽԽԺˣЦ
Ǻǡ
ֻҡͷЦ
ðɣ
֪ԼôʣҲǲ˵ˡ
ЦһºȴǺתʵ̣һ⣬Ѫʹ޹أӦÿԻشɣ
ʣܹشģһ㣡˵ͷӦ

漴һԣʵ֪һùã⻹һãùãͮã
ͮꣿ
ʻ㶣ͮѾͷ
ʶͮꣿʵ
˵˵ôͮģ˷ʵ
ġ
ǽɻرܵУ컺ͮ˵һ顣
ʵͮȻǰģҸϢһǹıϣֱ񶼻δҵȴκΣգڶϢȴǹڿˮ顣
˵ܹ֮õˮ飬ӵпˮռ䣬ͮϢԼȡû
Ȼڴ˿˵ȴ¶һĨЦõɫ
СӣȻ͵͵ġ
һڣȴŨŨ簮
ȴǿֱڶͮΪˡ
̡
ǿˡ
ûʲô
˻عȴǿЦһ£΢ԥƬ̣Ե˵ͮ꣬ҵȷʶֻǣڻ֪Щʱɣ㱣֤ʵ۷壬ұ㽫һж㣬Σ
۷壿
ͷߣ̣û˵ɣʥ۷壿
ϻ
ûĶһۣʥʲôСӣΪʥͺ˲ǰˣھô࣬СѵϽĶûУ

ЦѣԼûϽ
ǿ۷尡
ϣҵûλ̫ϳϣ²أ߰ؿ¶ǰɣ
죬Աߵˮһһ㶵ġ
ԼʦĿĺܴ
ֻЩܹһ㣬ԼܾܵԲ֮ô򵥣Լʦʵܶչˣ
ˣ̣
ЦȴǺɫȻٴ֮ǰһֱڻ䣬ԼǵãүүȷһŮҲиùã԰ɣ
С㣡
첻֪ΪΣԼˣרʹүүԨǶ˵ûУ
Ժɻ
ļеȷûκιڹùõƬΣƫƫȴģģЩӡ
ἰùõʱͻȻЩԺг˺ܶܶǶǵĻ桭
ֻϧһж֤ʵ
ǵһùã
˹һۣ漴ǿУȴһ̾Щ㡭
֪ʱ򣡡
ЦŽӿڣ˻ҲǾʹһ١
͡
ϣˮ̲סЦ
Ȼѧˣ޵

ͷߣֻԼƵ˼㡣
֪ʲôܣֱޱƣ
Ǻǣˣ˵ˣˣ
ЦЦǴˮһʧǰ
켫Ϊʦͽʧĵط˺һ»صԼĻרԺС
񣬶ҪĲùúͮãǸѪʹ
ԣѪʹӦǺԼϵܺõˣôֻ˭
ȻңôпܻĶ
ǲ㽫侾½ضһξ޴˺

صԺУλѾ뿪ˣڵҪôȥҵѪ֮ˣҲûȥܡ
ȻΪʵȴֻ˵Ĳϣ»䵽ֵľ棡
Ů˵һ¹Ѫʹ飬ŪŮҲǽģһͬ˺þãʼնҲֻܻطϢ
ˣ
ڶһ磬ո𴲵ʱԺűǱˣΪ١
üæ߳ȥԺŴ򿪣վŵүүԨ
үүǡ
첻⣬Ԩ顣
ߣȥƵ
Ԩû˵ʲôֱĳƵȥųǼŮûʱȥк
ƵһͷˮıԨȻڵŵŭԼ˾ɫѿ˼㣬ƢΪĴŭʹϡ
ôˣǲ⡣
˵
ºŭſЦһ£˵ղԼҷϢ
ţԼң
ʲôϢˣ
ԼҼԼ˵жھô£˿֪ʲô
ɫ˲䣬ǹԼǸϺ꣬Ͼǿ񽣵ĸס
ˣ
үүԨԱ߿Цһ£漴Ƕһۺ󣬻ԵڶϢԼҶƼ̳м֮λͬʱѪ£ΪѪеĴˣ
أ
ô˻Ȼɫ䣬ոնĲ豭ڵˤƬ
ԼҼѪ£ôܣ
𾪲ѡ
ȻԼ۷һɱϾҲǴϹʱڴ۷尡
ôܻԸѪ£ΪѪµĹ
֪۷һ֦ͬԼǱ߷ϢҲֲ˵ıˡ


1392 ϵϢı
һʱ䣬ƵڵձüΪѹ֡
ԼңΪ۷֮һȻ˹ͶѪ£ֱΪ֮𵴡
ҪǣԼ֮вٵĸһǶòԼҼѪµĻôôһĵ񲻾ͳѪµĵ̣
һˣؽ룡
ԣ
ģ̧˵֮ǰҲһѪʹħѪ˵᲻ԼҺһֻǲûз˵ֵˣӦͱ

˻üͷ壬˼˵ǸµļʵҲѪ֮˼ٰģ
Ҳ֪
Цҡҡͷ˵ʵҲֻǺƼѣҲֻһνҵĸоͬһӦһ֮ˣȻҲܺܿ϶ֻǹװûбҷְˣ
ΣЩѾˣԼҡߣ
һ˫ޱĺâ
ԼҼѪ£ô͸
ڸô죿Աʵ
䣡
һѹͷķŭҧȻҷԸȥǵǱߣעⱣԼҪѪ»Լҵ˷ˣпܵĻȥ̽һϢʵڲС
ˣ΢˶٣ų³һ̾ʵڲеĻǾȫ
õģ
˷׷׵ͷԥֵһȥϵһλǵ뷨Ŷ㣬𣿡

ԣȴҲЩԥ
Ϊһ治뱩¶̵ĴڣһȴʵʵڵĺܵѪʹ顣
ǲ㣬ǡ
ԥӣЦЦĻû˵꣬˾˵ǲ㣬λֻһϢǹѪʹģ
ʲôѪʹ
ĻϵŭԼԨλҲɫһ䡣
ǿɶ֪Ѫ֮ѪʹǺѪʹͬȵĵλ
ΪҵѪʹ嶼صôʮ꾹ûбһ˿һͨҲõѪʹȻҲһΪѲ֮ˡ

ͷڲδ˵̴ڵͬʱѪʹ򵥵Ľһ飬Ӧϵ֮ˡڳļλΪɫ䡣
ûлĻѪʹʮⷽͿԿһ
ʲô뷨𣿡ʵ
û
ҡͷʹ죬ûʲô취
ܲȥɸһɣ
ǾʱȲܣ
һҶСıǣ㣡
ţ
˷׷׵ͷ
ȥϵһ¶ľľƣʸʸԼؼҼλֱѯһǹԼҼѪµĿԼȥһС
ǼƵУ˿κλ⣬ѹ
ʱһһĹȥ˼ڱϵλ֮⣬ƵɼΪ
ɾʱȻһŭԼԨλ˵һ뿪ƵֱĿٻصԼĻרԺС
硭
һ߹ȥ
ԺУ˼Ů֮⣬Ȼƽˡ
ʲôôżһʵ
磬бϢˣ
龪ϲ˵
ʲôʲôϢ
æʵĿȴƽϡ
ģ
õƽʾ⣬æ͵Ǳߵ˴̽ϢٷλСһ£־һĲ̽ŴϢ׼ȷӦÿԴﵽųɣ
׼ȷȾųɣˣǡ
ף漴ȴ˫ͫһˣղ˵Ķ̽ģ򣿡
򣡡
ͷ۾ȴǶȻ򡭡
ԼҼѪ£ͬʱҵ֪˱ϵϢ֮᲻ʲôϵԼ뵽ˣֻһɺϣ
ü˼ڳѣϣ˰ɣȻ
磬ôˣʱü΢ĵ
ֻϵѵŮҲĲԾ
ûʲô
³һҡҡͷˣǱߵʵΣǷģ
⡭
һƽǼæ˵磬ʵȻǿǲûɵģ򣬼ҲȥǱߵģϾߵԶģҪǲĵôüģ
ţľͺã
ͷ΢Ƭֵ̣ɣȥǱߵһ£ϵһϸ˵һ£ס˵ϸһ˿һҪŹ
õģȥ죡
Ȼôʲô˼ƽǹԹԵصͷӦŵܿŤ뿪ˡ
硭
ŮԱû˵ʲôһֱȵ뿪ŹĵĿ졣
û££Һ˵£˵
ã
ܿ죬ŮҲ㳶һ£ŽƵõϢһһʮ˵˳Ů˾ɫ䲻ѣһŲڶ˷Ůϣص˼㡣
Ǿ˼ϻ֮ϵղƽϢôܲϵһ
ⲻһıɣü΢ǽ֮ΣѪʹضٴγΪѪµĸ󻼣ǻ뿪ңӶ
Ȼû˵꣬е˼Ѿʮˡ
ǰҲȥһ¾Ƿܹʲô
ͷЩѿɫ飬ģΣһὫȳģ

ҧҧ̾ΣյĻ㻹Ǳȥˣ
Ҫ֮ѡһĻѾѡ죡
Ȼѡʹ࣬ĿУױȵģ
ɵѾͷ
ﲻ뷨
һЦ󣬽§뻳УģһᾡŬǱȳģڣȰĵһȥһƵǱߣ
ţ
Ů׷׵ͷҲٶԣƵķٷȥ
ܿ죬»ص˵ڡ
ʱѾ˺λϵŭݺԨλ˵Щʲô˵ɫΪء

죬ʱֵ
ôˣ߹ȥʵ
ĸϼһ׼ڶľǱ߾һ£һȥɣ˵
ң
һȴǵͷȻŷѪʹ飬λǿ϶Ѳѵһȥ𣿶ң⹫ң㲻ȥ
ðɣ
ͷƬֽ̣ϵ齲λɫҲԽء
Ƕͬʱ뵽֣ı


1393 һҪȥ
ͼŮ˵һֺúõİһСһһͬ뿪أֱűľ˲ƶȥ
˵ʵȻ벻ȴҲûкķ̫ʱ䡣
ټΪΪԵʣһ·ҲδϢܿ˶ľС
漴ʱؼҼʸʸҲ̵
ԣͻʸǶִ
ȻǶ֪ľĹϵҲûж˵ʲô
ľ֣ˣҸط˵
ԣĸҲܾûôһˣȥɣʸҲЦǺǵĵ
Ǻã
ľƵͷǴŴһͬ˺ԺԥҲǸȥ
ȻΪҵĻΪľƵΪʥ۷ʵ˾ٲδüλԡ
ϾЩдµȻ϶ܺ۷ȣȴҲˣаٵԽΪĿеľż
Ժľӡʱһ󷨽罫ȫ֣ҲֻڣԺΧ֮ҲڶľƵķԸз׷׳ȥ
Ҷɣ
ľҲףºοһԼЦĵλǾôΣ
ʣȻԼҼѪµ顣
˵˵ɣ
𻺻ڣȴ˵һǰʱҵ
ȻѾѪʹðһй˳ȥȴδ˵ǹħѪԼ֮սûж֪ŵ˶
Ϊ˸Եļ壬Ϊ˶ԸѪ£ҲûҪȥ
Ȼĳ֮⣬Ǹƿߣټһ֦ͬҲõĻй¶ȥӶľ޴ֻš
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Ѫµľٶ޵ҧгݣټϲûʲôڳҲڹⱣ飬ʱͬӵʨһͲûֱըëˡ
˵ԼҼпҲ⵽ѪµĶ֣
˫ţ˸âֶȻˣŻᱻǶƵóλǲòֶˣȻھȪ֮ҲĿ
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ѪµֶΣνǷʤ
켰ʱħѪĴڣԼҵ׷˺£˾䣿
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ʸԣǶף
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ͷ۵λҶѪµĹЩ˽⣡Ѫ֮⣬滹ѪҶʹԼѪ٣
ǰѪеѪ;ѪѾҵУֻʣһ֪ǵѵѪ粣ѪʹҲ֮ǰɱѪֻʣѪʹѪ粶ˣ
ҵõһԿŵϢѪʹһΪϤˣȻ϶Ǽٰģͬһ
ֻǣϢȻţҪҳǸȴΪףΨһȷǣ˲ǳң
컺˵ţǼλҲ㿴ңģĿ⼫Ϊء
˵ѪӦǼӿ˶Ķ
ľ͵һʯԼҼѪ£ȻѾѪµĵ̣ԼЩ
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ûȶľ˵꣬ǳڵѪµ˼ЩȻԺҪٶԸˣ
ҽ˽򣡵һҪ뷽跨֯Ѫ֮˵ţڶԼֵ򣡡
ˣӣǶ֪λô˶بأΪûǵϢҲҪȥһ£
ֵͬĽ飡ʸͷ
ţľҲǵͷͬ⣬Ǵ˹ʶ
ɣȥһˣ
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ĻͶľͬʱɫ䡣
һνȻǾһҲ˵ѾѪµĸ󻼣㲻ǣѪҲԲŹκһ۷֮ˡ
αȥˣ϶׶༪١
¾͵͵Ǳ룬Χȷʮֹ󣬿һ¶ĻǺؽ롣
⹫ҾˣҪȥ
λǵĿУǼᶨ˵ҵʵ㲻УҲ̫Σգ
ĻﲻɣȻȴɢһױȵϣڳλ㶡
ԥ뵽̫ϳĻջǵͷãȻȥǾȥɣҪӦңҪʲôΣգҪԱȫΪأ
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ͷ˿̶ľҲһ̾ĳλλҽɳ˶ΪףΣ
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ʸҲᣬΪط֮ĹϵҲǶмӡ
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⹫Ͳ˰ɣҡ
ҪԾܾλȴûи˵ʲôĻᣬͬʱͷӦ
ˣҾлλˣ
ľƳ˹˹֣Ťͷھ͸Ͻϥ붨ͻ
⡭ðɣ
޷ܾҲ⹫Ϊá
ʵʥ۷壬ڳλȻʥأҪͻĻֲܴľУĿ϶Ϊء
λȻУҲֻܹԹԵϥܿǽ뵽붨״̬
ͬʱλͬʱڿգžȻͬӡʱֲͬɫĹâϣҫɫʰ쵣ӿλԵľᴿٵĳӿ롭
ʱ䣬·һͣƵġ
ֻ·뵽һޱ״ֿ̬֮⣬ԺҲ˲ٹڿռ鲻Խתġתǽ뵽ε״̬


1394 ǵ𺳣
ε붨УԺĲʰ쵣ϺХΧ󷨵ҲõĻʲôֻţһжչʮ˳
ֻǣΪ챾ʵԵʣ˴λͬʱ֣ȴҲĺܴŹȥ˲ʱǵɫ˼԰ƣ
ڣֹȥһʱңλǸͣ
δӰлڵأȴǲЦһ¡
ĽֺͶľֶܹͬӵĺ
һ¶ͷĺˮЦؼֶܹһ룬Ҿˣ
һһ
ʸεʼ磬öľƺںƣͬʱȴҲޱߵο
죬ȷ⣡
кˣ򸴺
ˣλҲȳȥɣȥһȥѡ
ľ˵
𣬻ʸԼҲǵͷͬ⣬붨״̬УϢһۺ˱Ϣ뿪Ժ䡣
ڶľƵ£ȥԱߵԺ¡
ڷԸ˲׼ź󣬶ľƻ˵λȥҶ϶Ǿһľ棡ȴֲܲǰȥʵҲ϶Уλ׸ȥ
ҾãȲ˵
ȻղͬΪףôԼϾǶ˽⣬ǿҪĻ»ʵ䷴ӵоԵȨ֮ߣ
ҿǷѣ
ľҲǵͷϻʸҽ飬ǻһѡɣ
ʵи뷨
ʲô˽սһ㣬ԥǲѾ˸ֶѧϰǲȥҶطһ
Ļλһ
ǲòĿһۡ
Ǽ˶ѡԼʣзչǰ;֮˸죬ɴ˴ȥΣأҪʲôңǺڶˡ
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ʸȴֻԥܿĵͷǾܷܷһȥɣѾͷȻ龫һЩʱҲЩСģϣܹΪֶṩһЩ
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ղŵһ죬Ҳǿɵģ
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̲סľһԵüΪ𺳣֣ľ֣ǲصÿ湻İ
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λĻľƶһЦ
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ڽһɲǣ˫ȫڣ߿ŲͬɫɳΪĽ˳ʱļת
ĽɫľɫˮɫĺɫĻɫռİɫԼɫγһȦȦ߲ʹ⻷Ⱦĺٷһ㣬Ժλϼѹ֮У·λʥʵĸ֣Ҫֳܲסơ
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λһۣŵĸоֻøѪȣѪҺ·ҪͷϿӿƵģԼûע⵽ǵӶЩ
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飬ڸԴļ伮еȷһЩȴһֱΪֻһԣû쾹Ȼܹۼе߿ţ
У˶ĽѾһ֮С
ܹ콻ãôǸԵļ꣬ǧ֮ڶܹ֤˵ڻľ˵ˡ
лл
Ͷľͬʱͷ
ǺǣأǴһ֦ͬαлߣֶҲǴҵһָʸЦ˵
ǰһҲǴ˴֮пԷһЩˣҲ˵
ǺǡˣȥԱߵȺɣ
ľЦЦǺλһͬ»ص֮ǰԺ䡣һУľҲͨԸȥκûеõ֮ǰҿԲʮߣԱ۴ɱ⣡
ڴʱ죬֪
ɳôľУ˶õޱȵʵ䱾ʵҲȲò˶ãͻˡ


1395 ʥأ֮ͬ
תۣʱ¾ڶľռУԾɻаҹ֮֡
ڵԺ䣬ٲȻѾһƬ
Ȼľ˺ܶ඼ܺ浽׷ʲôڶľƵ£˲ҿ۵˼ûУֻܽɻĲڸĵף
ڣڶľƵ˵ĵȴУֹȥ˲һʱңԺӿ߿ӵƽҲ֮˫ۡ
ʥأ
쾪ϲʱ䲻ȥնѣϲ
ףȻԼʥ۷ʵҪһͻƴﵽʥأûʲôĻҲҪ꣬ʮʱ䡣
ʥأһһ֮˵ɲǼٵģ
֪жˣȻܹﵽʥ򣬿һ޷κδ
ȴޱ˵ģ
жľƣ𣬻ʸԼ˲ϧķԪ֣ܹ꣬ʮʱ̳ⲻյĹ򣬲òȷҲһֻԵ
ƺʲôһʱ
ϲ֮࣬ȴüͷ΢΢ţһһȴǴܣ˫Գ塣
ˣȲˣ
˦˦ͷ֮ǰһȴҲ⡣
ЦЦ׼߳Ժ֮ʱԺȴǰ汻ƿˡ

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ľƣ𣬻ʸԼ̶룬Ц죬ǵ϶ο
Ȼ˵İȷΪܹ㣬յĹȫͬʱɹͻƵģȴ޽У
ҲӲ˵ˣʵȷǳã
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еĸмȴֻ򵥵֡
Щʱ¾˵ĻֻҪĲֿʲôأ
ʥأʵ˵ߣǰ޹ˣ
οļЦſڵɲܽһſ㲻֮ǷܹΪҵ̫ϳأ

һЦá
Ϊҵ̫ϳϣҪʵ
Ȼʥأ˵ҪͻǿɾԲһ򵥵飡
ʱҲΪҶľ̫ϳϣ⹫ľԱҲЦ
ʱʸиǸĽ
ҲͶľ壬һΪ۷壬ǵĻʸҺؼľûأ
վﺮһľƱ֮Ժ䣬ԴżһͬȥԱߵԺ¡
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ȻѾ뵽ķӦľԾɵͷѾˣһжķԸ
⹫⡭
Ծɺǳɡ
ôɣǲҪȥչǣֻҪǸͺãҲԱ˵
ǸҲģ㾡ܴǾκԹԣʸҲ˵
ðɣ
Цõʼ磬ҲֻӦ
Լ֮⣬ҵƽۣľĶľͼʸĻʸܷܷԼؼҵķط硣
ܹˣĿ굹Ҳ󣬶Щ˵ʵ㲻˻ʸܷܷǵԪ֮⣬˶ѾԪǶľͼҲеһͻʥģ
ٴϿ񽣰ɣ
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Ļλ΢һȴǻȻĵͷ
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磡
٣
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ڶ磬ڱаɷƽۣľͼʸܷܷط磬ټϿ뵽ˡ
һ棬˱ЦĺкֻǰڣҶΪʲôᱻеľ
˶ǵõ˼ĴŲŸϹģڴУλҲδ˵κ飬ԲŻôҶԵһͷˮ
ڴڼ䣬ҲϵһеȺŮԼɶŮǡ
ȥ֮УǾһֲܲȥ
ҪһϵѪµ֮⣬ҪѾõ׼ȷϢıϾķΧڣھʲôطҲöֻ֪ȥúѰһˡ
°ɣ
ڶľһº˷׷漴Խһ¹һУһֱаɷڽһļɫ䡭
񽣸ǶȻзһĨɫ
ϾڶԼҵѪֿ񻯸ǽ֮ġ
вϣһҲǲܸĵģ
񽣣
һʱо˿ͷı꣬Ԫÿ˲ƽһЩΪŭͨ˫Ҳ𽥻ָ
ֻǣףǽַŭǿѹƣһлᱬĻǽһޱȲҵΣ
Ƕʰһ£պ
ľƳסҪķԸ
ǣ
ӦŵҲûκ
ǸȥãҪȻ˵Ļ˵ҲǿڷĲĻضǴ˴֮ܶ
ҹλڣܹԺΧһΧżտӣƮˮʦϷȥĿ⣬ڿ񽣣طЦǺǵĿһУȫûǺߵɫС
԰ɣ԰ɣԲǣ
ˣûһ仰˺ԥһӵϣΪŮ˵ۺͻʸܷܷҲûһֵӣôĿڲʮʱǽ˸ԵĶڣĳʦҲҺʼʱһ㣬ȻԼʵҲܲ
죬ɣɲǳԲɣط˵
ɲǣ⻰Ӯ˵ĴͬŪΪ
ãǶҼסˣ
ҧһЩǵȥȴвһЦţҲֻٷ˶࣬ԹԵĿȥˡ
˼״ȴǹЦǡˡУЦֲϣԺƽ˼ֵֻա
һҹֱﵽ˼㡣
Ȼװȴ⡣ҵֱ֣ҲǽֵѰ㿴
ֺгգܱÿĹĶҪܶ࡭


1396 ؤ˶
һˣ°Ϳڣ¿񽣱ԼطȥĴȴָ
ҲϾڸԵĵΧڡ
һΪʺĵطʲô̫ĲͬһҲΪ˰ȫ
Ȼδͷ棬ȴҲΪСģû̫ǰӴֹᱻѪµ˵֪ϢǻûܴﵽĿı㱻ǿɾǳʦδˣ
һ·ϣĴ£ҶʶıܿЩ˶ĵطרһЩ᫵ɽ·һ߸·Ҳһ߽Ҳһá
ϾһУͿ֮⣬˶ʥ
·ʱոԪֻǿȥ֧ţǵҲž޴ĺô
ȻӱǱߵ򼸺ǽһԴԶ˵ѵҲֻǴӵִ֮ʼµƾ˫·Ļһʱ䶼δܹǳɹִ
ʶȥпܵѪߣɷҪԵģҲҪ˯ġ
İţԼλṩϸͼյĽ¶֮󣬵յİʱ֣һȴһΪ粨Сϡ
粨ȻһӣȴΧСȥκһӶȲˡ
òϣȸСȫϸ̵궼УȻ࣬ȴҲԵû
ܿ죬һ˱ѡһ͵ס£ûư߼䷿ȥ׼һЩˣȼϴ֮˱ڴżδʳ
ÿһŸԲͬķζҲˡ
粨СȴζôҳԵĲֺ
Ϊ⼸յƣҶûкȾƣԹԻطϢú㾫ȴյļ
ֵһıǣＫΪǣԼңŵѪ£һʳܴˣ˶û¶٣쿴ֱ̾ȴҲ֪ȥο
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ȻԼȷһϺ꣬ϴο񽣻ȥԼҲʮֵĺţԼˣôܲѹ
ڳΪƣԼ֪˶بˣÿأʼ޷ƽ
һҹ£ڶ峿ʱ˱ˡ
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ü¶ۼԪȺߵ棬׳Χһؤģ˶ϵȭߣ⼸׳ǲϵŭţؤȻڲϵʹȴԾץżͷ̻ʵĿš
ӣؤÿڱѪϷΪ˳ԶǿЩʹ࣬Ϊ⼸ͷԲҪƵġ
ס֣
ʱʸܷܷ˳ȥ
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ȥǸؤֻһǱ¶Ļؽ롣
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ӴǣĶŮƯ
ǣˮ۵ģøҺúۣ
ҪҸطúõŮôأ
Ǽ׳ŻʸܷܷʱһԻð۾Ʒų̹һ㡣

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úãҵĳӣ
״ʸܷܷЦѣһ߿ԼǰǸ˺󣬱ߵؤǰ
Ҫ
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ʸܷܷһħŮӣ㻹Զȸ԰ɣ
˵䣬ʸܷܷбȻɢŨļȣؤֱ˹ȥڴڵĳţһлûУ
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üǵϵļ׳۾һΧԽԽ࿴ֵȺ˵
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һУؤȫûκηӦ
Уֻͷһ޲ýͷҧ̽档
ʶ𣿡΢΢üʵʱطҲǺɵ˿񽣡
ؤôʶ
òİϢ
Щɣ϶

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òϣؤҲ㲻ʮӣȴ˫ĿȫûһʣʱҲǺȻ˺Ϳһĸо
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⵽ô£
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һԳ˼ͻأ̧ͷ͵Ĵƽнؤ˹ȥ
˾ٽ˶һ֪񽣵ΪˣҶҪΪҪǸؤأ
񽣣㡭
ʵɿȴδǣ˫ؤߣɢŵĹâʱؤһ˫۾⣬ȫһӡ
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żеݣ񽣲ŵľ
ҲˣΨط¶ɻΪ⡣
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Цһ£˶ٺɫ΢΢Ȼļ˵ȷǿ񽣺ҶʶģǴҶ˵֣
Ҳ
ĻʸܷܷطǶ˹
һǡԼҳ˶


1397 ִ
Լҳӣ˶
˵֣˲ڳɫͣ𾪣
˶ʧô֮ؤ
ЩҲˣôóճմģ˳Զ֮⣬ʲô֪
Լҵ飬±ĻҪأ
΢˫ۣڿУֻʣ³մ˶Ҳޱɭ䡣
ǣҾ벻ͨǸ˶ôҲԼҴүôУôݵģʸܷܷǲʵ
Ƕ޷׼ȷĽͣ
εҡҡͷ漴оâһܹɵ˶Ҳһλᣡ
᣿
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ӦԪЦһ£ֵ죬ȥԸһ£ûеõΧˣκ˶У
ǣס
ԶʱЩԥӦԪȻ֪ڵʲôЦŰڰֵˣȻȷǵݣͲģ
ǣ
İ»ָȴɱǿʵ壬뿪֮ǰҲԵСġ
һӣӦԪ֮Ĳչ˳ҲЩƾĻɣ㹻ֽѵˡ
ڼӦ֪ǵɣ֪Σ
뿪˵
Ѫºǿ󰡣
ӦԪûֱӻش̾ȷˣΪϿٴȷЩģڼϱ٣ӦԪкĿȥڣ
Ǿ仰ڼҪǾԲܵģ
뵽ӦԪô˵ԺܿĳţڼҲ˽һЩѪ֮˵ΪҪƿƿôڼ棡ǳ׹˳±Ҳǳ¶
ӦԪԥ˵һ뵽ʵû취
һΪѪµ߹ҲηѪµʵЩڵ񶼽ԼһߣͼҪӱѪµְռ
ֻǣû뵽Ĵ֮˻ԹһǸԼĵϵ
ȻҲڼĳŵʲô˵ڵһ죬ͻȥ֤ڼҵİȫ
һ˵
Ļһ㣬ӦԪ͵̧ͷ


1401 һؼҲа
⣬һˣټԾɳմ˶ܹ˸ȴѾ𽥵Զ롣
ʱѾҪʱ֣ȻΧҲٵȴûжٶע⣬˻ʮְȫ
·ϣ˶Ȼ˵ڿˮͬԶСϪߣҲȻʱͣ
ʱʸܷܷȴߵߣǲʵ磬ӦԪ״Ӧûа͵͵˵Щʲô
֪
ԣһĨϷʡ
ţ
ʸܷܷٵĵ˵Դʵֻط磬ƽȼҲǺ֮
ٺ١Ͳ㣡
һ֣Цûʸܷܷʱֱţϵļ˸ͷߡ
ʱӦԪԥУ˵̸һ
ӦԪͬˣȻ뷿˵˴һʱҵĻûж͵ľֱ˸뿪ӦԪǷӦԸѪ£Ҳö֪
Ψһȷǣ߳ŵӦԪȻƺ֮ǰκ𣬿һ˫ȴźԵ֮ɫ
ӣ۸ң
˵ġΪϲ𡯣ʸܷܷʱŤͷƽ״

ƽЦһ£ȴǹһЦܷܷƽù𣿹
㣡ߣ磬ˣ
ʸܷܷ۾һģŶ˶ţ߻ƽߣͬʱȴǲ֪˽ʲôƽһЦ
һĻ˼˲һݸ
ˣЦˣ
˰֣ڼѾӦˣΪ˰ȫǾʱܣǼҲ˵©ˣ
˵©
⻰ɵ磬Ǽô˵©
죬˵
طȴǶȻ·ʲôŤͷԶСϪڶºˮ˶һۣ˫ͫЩ
һٶҲʱ˵Ӧ
һɫ˲䡣
ȻǲǵĿ񽣣
Ҳ֪СΪϣ򣡡
ҡҡͷ̾һ
ҹѪͻϮ飬ȷ̫һЩ
ǲŸյ򻹲һ죬ҹ㱻ѪµԺҴǵжȫаŵģ
˵ֻһɺϣ˭ţ
룬˾صĵͷǻʸܷܷڶûٶʣſˮ˶һǱ㳯ŵڶȶĿĵȥ
ڶĿĵأϷȡ
򣬾ķΧУϷȶǿֻеƫϵλãϷȵĹȴԼǰμԼĺѣӦ˵ǺܾǰõԼָ㣬ӶŻϷȵĽ
ݿɿϢ¼ǷΪҲʮֱƾԼ֮ĺѹϵϷȿˣ
ԼϷȵϣҲʮ棬˵Ȼġ
ֻǣϷȾ򲢲ֲ̫ĿŵĿٸ·һ·ϴҳҸطϢ֮⣬켸һֱ·
뿪ĵҹѪµĲٴУҪɱ֮ʱȴһա
㵽㣬ܻܲ¶Լɣ
ȻЩѪ֮˵ʵ̫ǿҲܶǴȥʲô̫ΣգһıѪϣô֮еӿ϶ҲͲùˡ
Щȴʼûз֣ԴǽѾһ˫۾ϣһֱȵʧ뿪˫۾Żʧ
ã֪ˣлл
պ˴аЦ
ôˣطʵ˵ĿҲˢһϡ
û£
ЦЦδԡ
ᣬҲûٶʣǼϷȵķ·
ȥϷȵıؾ֮·Уȴһʮֳɽɽ
˵ɽܰȫ֪жУȴʼûһͷħޣһħ޶ûС
ְȫȴֲòΪĵط
ɽлûħޣ
ôܣ
ЩССɽϣһͷħ޵Ĵڣ
Ҳֹ죬ɽĳƽ︽ܶ˶Уһĺ棬һȴҲҪѰҳɽԭ򣬿ϧʲôﶼûһ㷢֡
ö֮ɽҲΪкܳΨһһڣ
뿪ĵʱ䣬Ǳ˳ĽɽķΧ
ҪȥϷȣҪᴩɽȻȥһ·ֵûѶʱ䡭
Ȼڸոսɽã˱ֱӵĸоΧһЩ˴ڣֱ֮ȴЩˣǲüͷ
硭
ƽʵ˼ҪҪȥǸӵ˾
ùܣ
֣ûе⣬ֻôյͱˣƺЩ˵ȥͨ籨Ŷûô죡
Ҫǡûе⡯ȻԸ˵ļӣ
Ļ˲ٶԣԭļƻ·
ȻܵԽԽ٣ֱӵĸоȴԽԡ
ģһɫĳʹһɫ
ᣬȻԭʧ漴ҺĴŰ׿⣬ȴǶȻһŮ˵ľȴ˶ʮϤ
񽣣ɱң֪֪
ǲ޵Ů˱ó˿֮⣬һŮż򣬺޺޵ĸڿ߳
˲ǱˣŵС㣡
࣬˵ıʮֹŹ֡
ʸܷܷȴһɷ˵˹ȥϲô
Ҳǿʵ˵С㣬ڲӦаɷż𣿡
ߣ
Ǻͻʸܷܷ˷ܵӵһ£ûĳһôһؼҲа
ؼң
⻰˶ʱһ
ŹֵĵС㣬ɽУ
ϻ
ǰƲ죬Żʸܷܷ۵С֣ʼߴߴ˵ͣȫǽЩ˵˿һ˸Ϊ
ˣ
ü࣬ղ˵ǻؼңΪʲôҪмǣĪǻѪԸǲɣ
죬
Ļʱ׿ŮܵǰһָıӣһֲĽ߳Ҫˣǻܹߵ𣿺ߣΪģ񣡡
ҪүүҴǻؼһˣҲŲԸ⿴ųأߣҪ
ޱȰĲϽ˾ǿЦá
ȴҲò࣬һУôָӴдֵģҲֻôһˡ
˵үүҪǣԺиֳǸߵ󣬲ɵҲǼΪɣȴǹһЩ
Ͼүүϣʮ֮˾ǿߣΪһϰ׵죬ܲ
ϻ
໹ûĻһ䣬˦һףܻصʸܷܷǰЦܷܷ۶ȥҼɣ


1402 ޹ȣټ
죬㲻ǲҪ𣿡
һ˳ɽȥͻʸܷܷ˵ЦһȴŤͷݺݵһۡ
ǲϵ룬ܲȥ𣿡
ƲƲ죬СĻý̧ңҲȥ
㡭ߣֳ˷ϻҪ
౻òУĳٴεۺ󣬱ԹԵŮ죬Ҳˡ
˼һĻȴǲЦΪ
ǰ·Ҷ˳һƲκ쳣ڡ
ԾǱĸߴľΧƣŲٵĲݴɢңȻȷԳ˼ģȴʲôطʺϾסģ
ʲôʸܷܷʵ
ʻҲʳ˵
ȻȥҼѽ
ЦЦҪ׼ʲôʱȴ΢΢˼ӣɵһԵܷܷ۶ǿžͺã֤ǴһŶ
˵䣬˺ɵĿУǰ˼˫ϿٵһӡʱӡУһռлֳ˾ȵǣȻ˿ռ֮Ĵڡ
·Ǹռб͸Ƶģ
ˣ߰ɣ
һӡǷֱŻʸܷܷ۵ֱ֣ǿռеС
һĻôҶþ֡
ǶռʵһŻĻǿ²ɵأ
ι𣿡
ŮʧԴȴֺĴǿռ˳˴е
ˣ
˿첽ϣܿҵαǿռڣҲʱǿռҲʧ𽥻ָ֮ǰƽ·ղŵһжֻλƵġ

ۡ
öħް
Ư
ȶ֮λðҾǾȲѡ
䣬ܻвٵĸħȥСӣϻʨ֮ģӦоУֵǣЩħһల£±ʳ⶯һͷϻһֻСϱȥֳһޱȺг
һУ춼ݺݱһ£
ӭҼң޹ȣ
ǰȻ𣬽˴л˹
̫ˣ
̲סľ̾ȴƲƲ죬ߵûʶĳˣ
ܷܷ۶
漴û˵ʲôʸܷܷ۱㱻ǰ漴˾һĻˡ
ĿܵĸʹССħ޷׷׳Ƽһ㲻ϲţλСЦøǿˣǡЦ壬ʱƽʱְȫͬ쿴Сһ桭
ΪڵԵʣʸܷܷŮҲܵЩħ޵һӭŮԽ¶ޱȲõЦݣ
棬ǼҲǲЦܰĻǴδġ
ƺСҲܿɰ
΢΢һЦһ
޹ȵĿƺҪһЩ

СѵãϷӭ٣СѺλСѼ£
ʱһʮԶԶɴһϮµϴԶ˹
ٶʵ죬գۼѾǰ
ϣ
쳯Ϲ˹֣ʾ𾴡
ΪԼҵ飬֮Щᣬͨ͸Щȴǳϵˮռռ¶λүޱȸм
ϣ
죬ҲǷ׷׳ϹЦֵʮС
ʦ
Ҳǿٵ˹ϵĸ첲Եޱǡ
СѣͽƽﱻҳˣҪʲôĵطС£Ц˵
ʦ˼Уһֱ۸أʦ㲻ұ𣬻ô˵˼ңߺߣ˼Ҳˣ
ûشǽŴв˲һݸ
ˣ
칧ǷСʮִϻۻ飬ֻаɷѵϾһ㶼𣿡
ҵʲô
ԣȴǹЦСһҲûôȥܹаɷţҲĸ֣˵һܲС𣿡

ܹĸоϵΣȴЩЦ
ʶãҼ滹Σַĵ׵ľǴӺζأ
ֻǣڵҲЩˡ
ˣλǶǵһ޹ȣǾͺúõĹ䣬Ҳἱһ̰ɣЦ˵
ͣһߵģϾǻҪȥϷǱأϺлӣȴֲδԣܿʿһšӦ
˾٣ҲЦݶ˲١
漴Ǳϵ·³ǰȥȴǴŻʸܷܷŮȥʱʱȥŪһΧħޣŮЦûͣ¹
ʮӣһΪ򵥵Ժ¡
ˣҵ裿˵
ðɣ
ԣǹԹԵĽȥݲ裬ʱһȲǱ˳
һһӹлڵ֮󣬺Ȼ۾һĵܷܷ۶ҪҪȥҵı
һͷѩ¹ҲǴС೤Ķԣ˲˵֮⣬ĻѾûʲôˡ
һ·ϣŮ˱ҲŮĺġ
ĻŮʱЩĶȴٳ֮ǰǵĽʶԥ졣
ŵĻǾȥɣһӱ㿴Ů˼Ц
Ǻǡʲôŵģ
ϰ֣Цȥɣɲ֣ܺúõĹ
֪
಻Ķ˶ţ漴ЦűŮֳȥԶԶԾɿǻֵЦԺеҲǲЦ
ϣ޹Ӧһռɣʵ
Сѿˣ
ҲûϣЦ׵ʵŵĴпռ䣬ҲϹʱŵĸڣֻǡǺǣ˵Ҳգ˵Ҳգ
棬ϲЦһ¡ȻֻʣˣзһĨŨŨİɫ
ûнӿڣʵǲ֪ȥο
ҲǾˣܿ㽫ָЦ˼ǼЦˣˣҲͶˣ
ˣ
΢΢һЦʵˣ֪ټʲôҪԸ𣿡
һϹͷĶܷԸǰ
ˣȴǹһЦֵСѣǴ򣬿Ϊ˶ԸѪ£û´ĻӦǴǱ߹İɣ
ϵĻ΢𣬵ε֪ҵ٣


1403 һ˲
Գ˼־衣
ȴǺǺЦŰ˰֣Сǧᣡ಻²ѣ
ڼҵȷΪҲѪ֮£ߣڼҼӦԪҲһЩʶŻôĲ²⣡µĲǺǣ
˵Ϊϣ˲ľ֮˼֡
Ͽɷһ£ǽĿĵֽǺδЦʵ
⻰ʵҲмֵ̽ȴƺ޲һ㣬΢Цǵ·;ԼӦҪȥϷǱ߰ɣ
Ϸȣ
Ȼܾȣȴûֳĵͷ룬ӦÿԸЩһЩõĽɣߡ
ˣʶ΢һ٣ϼߣҲ֮ˣĪԸ⿴ѪŰ޶
СҪȰɽԸѪ£
ЦЦǣûֱ°
̫ǫ˰ɣ
ڣȻϵʵ޲Ѿǿߣ֪˵Ŀɶԣ
ǿߣ
ĻΧԹԶԱˣ˶⣬ƽľͼطԼ˾־ȣһ˫˫𾪵Ŀȫϡ
ôһߣȻǶ֪ǿȴûǱ
СѲǵһţʥصʵǳһȰº룬Ц
ȻûֱӳϣǻѾǲˣ
˻
ʱ䣬ľͼ˲һ
⻹ǵһôǿ߽ӴǿϺƣҲκϵӣôҲ֡
Ҳӡ֤һ仰˲ò࣡
λСѸ˺ü·ҲûúóԹһٷܺúõ˯һǾͱ
ЦĵϢƬ̣ķסȥ׼һ£ϹͷգΣ
Ǿˣ
칰˹֣δܾϵĺ⡣
࣬࣡
ЦǺܿ뿪ˣ
ʱ˵Ŀŷ׷죬ط統ʵ죬ϵʲôˣ
ǰ磬ǵҲֻ֪˼ʦ
ƽҲǺ治ѣУôȻǿߣ޹ʲôطһֱôû˷ɽлôռڣ
һ⣬ֻԼԴ͡
Цһ£˦ͷ֪ĲǶ٣һ㣬Ӧ֪޹ֻϵʲô𣿡
ţ
Ǹղἰţ
˾һ
ϹʱǺǿĴڣȲЩȴҲûһԸȥţϾЩħ޵ʵ̫һЩ˷ʤ
ħޡ
֪ΪΣ˿ȻǸصùá
ùó棬аɷѾѪ¹Ϯˣ
ùöԦ֮벻м㲻Цһ£عùõݸΪ档

һʱ䣬Ǽ˶޹ϵĻ˵Ҫųжȡ
úõϢҲǱزٵģ
ֵһıǣϵյȷֵÿޣζκһ¥޷ģ
Թ˷ϵͬ¼򵥵Χ˹䣬Щº͵ħ޽һܽӴֻԼʱƣȫʧе඼ѾΪ˹ȥ
ҹܾ޹ţ
Уڴϣܿı˯˹ȥ
˯ú㣬
Ȼ֪˭˶ãȻһ޵Ĵ·ĵһ˯вüͷһ壬ǺܿĻָȻʱŵĻУȴûע⵽߿ŲͬɫܵʲôǣƵģĴ쵤ڷ
ĽɫľɫˮɫĺɫĻɫռİɫԼɫγһȦȦ߲ʹ⻷˯еȫȻ֣·뵽һޱľ硭
һУ쾹Ǻ޲ɴԼУ޷԰Σ
ʱ仺ţʱʱͣʱ߿ʱת
ÿһε仯߿ӶɢŲ̶ͬȵĹâϣԳ˼ء
ڣڳ˽һʱ󻺻ʧ߿Ҳ»صڣԭ߲ʹâķһλָ졭˯ţ
ţ
ûã˯еҰһ죬˾Ƿ·ʶһĴӴ𣬺ܿİڳһϥƣͬʱɫĿˮԼɫһ
ֻ˴εӲδΧƣֱӷɵüǰɫɫĹâ໥ƣĿռӣں֪£һƬռ֮С
У˫ʶĪӡǿˮӡĲУʼɢΪõɫâ
ˮһݣ
ʱֹâȴ໥ƣܵĿռ·γһĻֽһ㣬Ǻ֪ɢһĿϢ
һֱȵʱβŻʧǿˮ飬Ҳ·ɻصڡ
ţ
ëᶶ˫ۣȻȴǵһʱ쵽ԼЩԣϸϸӲ̽һ飬ȴֲκ쳣üͷ
ʲô
ͻأģȻԼͷ߾Ƕһ
һɫΪůһ֪ȻǷ
Ȼھ֮࣬ȴԳֺ£
ɫ˭ģ
ǵ˵Ļǿȡ
ѵϣ
üҲ԰ϵĻαˣֱӸҲˣ
ҡ
˵䣬﷭ȥĿ˺ü飬ͷɻôôϤΪʲô
˼⣬ȴûע⵽ɫɲǣһɿֱûڡ
ˣȲˣȻȥ˵
˦˦ͷ⽫ڱϣſʼ𴲴¡
ɸոմ·ɲǣȻһ٣һ㣬˶Գִ͡
ⲻֻһ˲Ĺ޲
ҲɲǼ䣬Ȼ˫ͫԺƺһЩϢ֪ĶģȴоôϤôС

ع첻һ
ǶϢȻһҲ޷鿴ֻżĹϵ޺
ˡ
磬㻹û𣿡
ʱƽҲ˽
ˣ
켱æʰȲЩı仯ɫƿ˳ȥ


1404 Ϸȷ
ϷȣλнΪƫƧĵ㲻̫
ϷȹԼǰμԼĹϵû̫֪ǰԼ֮ڣҲֻԼ˶Լب֪ˡ
һֱϷȵķչ죬豾Ͳ˵ˣ
ȴҲòϣȷЩϷȷչļΪҲһ
ɽ޹Ǹռһ˱˳Ϸ⡣
ڼ䣬ҲʹϣϧϵԼǸɫȴǺ֪飡סڵƽҲ޲кɫΪ֤ݵĻǶҪΪ˵ˡ
ƵǣϵʲôԼԺжЩϢȴʼռǲΨһȷıջʲôҪĶ
⣬ͬ˾ֲʧƵġ
λǹ룡
ϷȺƬ̣߳Ĺ
л
ͷһͬŴ˳ȥ
ϷǸȴҲͬʱôһƣ㲻̫ǿ⸽֮ȴϷȵĵ̣ҲЩ
Ϸȹ迴ȥһʮˣΪͨȴʼΪȻʥصʵ
Ѿ˵Լҷ飬ƵҪ˵ȥԼ֮ʱȴǱƸԾܾˣ÷ʱһֱܵǡ
˵ƴԼҼѪ֮£ŭǳ
ȻѪ²˽⣬Ҳ˵Ĵ۷ͬʱѪµĲϢһЩɱĹ֡ͲˣΪЩ˵¡
ϧ۷֮һͷ
ֵһ˵ıǣҲ֪˶بʧٵ飬Ѿ˺ܶ˵ѰңʼպκϢأѾǾˣϾϷȵʵ
գȻӵǵİλɻ󣬵ȴ˿ĵæ˽ӭ˽
μˣھͬʱĿȴǶȻ˶ϡ
ʱ˶һմӣڿࡣ
һ˶ջĿ⣬ʱѹסеɻ󣬽Ц˻
˴ðãд֮£ºʱЦŵ
ٿˣλܹСطѾǸҷӣʲô֮˵
һЦ˹ֵֻǣ֪λкιɣϷȶλ˵ֻ϶ѣʲôæﲻϰ
ǫ˰
ЦЦղŵӣӦʶλ˶ɣ
ʶ
ͷһڿ߲ϳˮ˶üͷ΢ļҲǴٽˣֻǲ˵Ѿʧôһ𣿶ңģ
ҲҲ·ģ֮ʱѾӣ
ҡҡͷ漴ܼ򵥽˶һ飬˵֮ʣɫĽעŷ˫ֿۣĹ֮ʣҲԷ˵Ϊһ֪
Ȼ֮ǰȷλһЩϾΪۼΪʵҲԷλϷȹһЩʶ

迴˶ӣһ漴ȴ̾ѣԼν©ƫҹ갡ùĺܣ
٣и֮룡ĳ˵
뽲Ц
ٺλȻܹˣôҲӦö˽һЩԼҵȷԨԴٽԴ罻չˣִܸۣһȫԴָ˵ҲΪᶨ
⡭
Щԥ뽫˶ߣһǵָԾ˽⵽Լҷ飬Ļ˶пһᣬһѪµĻᡣ
ٺλȫ¸мԥԴǿеĵ
ã
ͷ˼Ƭ̣ǵͷðãȴҲһʷ
ͬ⣬ʱ¶ϲɫӾ֪ͼˡ
ԼжȻԼѾԼҶƣԼѪµУԷı֮Ҳֻ˶Լبϣֻϧبɺ٣˶ֳӡ
پֱ˵Ӧ
ˣҲͲˣ
ףŷѾ֪Լڵɣ֪Դ£ʲô
ʲô
Цһ£Ϸʵ΢Ҳֻܿţ
֪Լǰһܺã޲ʹκȻʵЩ֣ҡ
˵ǷĿУ˶ټңմеĳ˵ԼңҲӦɳ˶̳м֮λΪΣ
ٵ˼ǣǱɫЩʵ
ҲֻԼѣ룬ԼĻǾԲῴԼѪµħƣʼ磬ĵ

ѣδӿڡ
״΢΢һЦ˵ƴ˳ԼҼȻֱԼҼѪ£һ𺳵Ϣ
֪Լ۷֮һǴϹʱڱ㴫ģ
ԼѪῴԼˣУѵûй֮𣿡
⣬Ƽμ֮λ˶بͬʱʧټ˶ѵΪһж𣿡
˵΢һ٣ߵȻҲ˽ԼڲȫܹΪλѾԼŪ֧˰ɣ
òϣĻȷ˵ټÿһÿһ䶼ǷģǷɫΪѿԼĶ£жرķ˫ȭգȻŭѾΡ
٣㵽˵ʲôҧҧʵ
Լ֮£ǱϿȥô򵥣ǰʱݷùԼңʱ˶ѾʼԼٵԼںܶ˿˶ѾһԼҼľѡţԼҲôģ
⣬ҪĻԼҼѪ֮£һп϶ѪѲ˸ϵЩʱһڻɣǸƿѾѪ£Ѫ֮˼ٰģ
˵ǷȴҲԽŭ
һŬƽһЩԵϷȥҪ˵
ô˵ţ֮ˣǴȷѪ°ΪĿľΪƿԼңǲ֪ѡ񣿡ʵ
ҡ
׼˵ʲôȴЦĴϵˣұҪһ£Ѫ֮˶ڿ϶Ҳвٵ߼屻ȼ룬ѡԿģ¶ἫΪΣգԣȿɣ
پҷһ̰֮
üֻ֪ԼҶжҷҲҪݶ黹ȥѾˣϣܹһʱ䣬Ҫ֤
Ȼʹ죡
һЦˣǾ߶żգ֪֤


1405 ԼңƵıȣ
ң
ʻɫصĵʵ٣ǲҲѾҪȥһԼʸ
΢һ٣ԳһļڣԶҪȥǰȴԶԾܾˣһֱܾЩԾԾͬ⣬һԼ֮ҲǱҪģ
Ȼ壡
쳯蹰˹֣ɫǼһ⣬ȴ¶棬ֻԼҸ㣡ʲôΣգ˳νɽڲûգЩʱʵĺ˲ѡ񣡡
л٣ˣھͳ
ЩȲĵ
Ҳûоܾĺ⣬ǷˣҲ˲ôˡ
ԣ
ͷ漴һתһ˶ֵǷô죿
Ȼ
ԥĵԴİȫ⣬뾡ܷģϷڵֵܣͬģԲκ⣡
ðɣͰԣ
ԥһ£׵һһҪ˶Ļָϣܹ⣡
ȻԣϾԴǾȵģţԴһָҲȻܾͷӦ
Ǻãȥһ˶Ǿͳɣ
٣λԵȣ
ܿ죬轫˶ĵİҷԸ˺úչˣҪҹ룬˶ʲôҪҲһӦ㣬ֻҪ뿪ϷȱУ
漴һм˱һͬ뿪ˣԼڵķٷȥ
⣬Ҳ˼һͬǰΪ˲ע⣬ͬѡһЩƫƧĵ·
зڣҲõ̫࣬һ·Ϊ˳ԽƽԼصɽˣ
ϷȣԼصɽͬһ֣Ҳûȥ⵽ɺϣǹΪ֮ʲôϵֻһְˡ
׹ҲɽǰһӣԼҵľƿ֮С
ȻԴƳΪԼҼ֮׹ƺļ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪⵽ô¡
һھ׹ʮͣ£ʵ٣׹Եȣǡ
ǾͲȥǱˣ
ЦǺǵİ֣ԵкܶƣѪ֮˵ߣҲ㱩¶ɣǾڴ˴Ⱥϣס˵ĻвԱҪ뿪
ٷģ
ͷǴļ¿뿪ˡ
硭
뿪ãƽȴǽüͷڡ
ʣΪʲôҪӦһ԰ɣϵ

ƽͷвᱻֵģΣԴӣ
ǣΣлᣡҲһֱ˼޷õԼҵ׼ȷǸᣡЦ˵һʲôΣգԶһЩǹһ񣿡
ðɣǶģ
ƽʼ磬ʱҲδʣ΢˼֮󣬻ǼΧһ硣
ֻҪʵ̫ˣǾԲᷢĴڣһҲΪҵİȫֱϣ
ʱѾǴ˽׹򣬲Һ֪ܿͨԼҼơ
Ƶ֪ϢȴüǽԼС
ֵôôȻˣ
ЦԸ赹һ裬һ㽫ЩʰĲˣֵأ
Զ˵ЦˣǰȻûаʦǰĽ̵֮ҷҲܲЦЦص
ǺãҲ˵ˣҶֵܣ
ư˰֣ڣҾʹȥһ¸ף
ã鷳Զˣ
鷳鷳ֵܣ
룡
ܿ죬Ƕһ˸Լã¹ͷȫһģȴûע⵽һĨâ
Լ󣬷ֱԱߵڷ裬Ȼһ·ͬȫһøģҲװʲô֪ƵģһıʾеıʹһȰƽڰ
һһӦԣǷѴ˽ⲻ٣»Ļᱻƭȥ
ˣֵܣûΪ㣬ΪϷȽǣںһƺƲʵ

һ𣬵ȴɫĿЦ磬ܿʲôҲǲ֪ûʲôµģܹϷȼôȥѾ̸ܲʲô
ֵܣɾĴˣ
ĳĵǻһôһҪþʣøһȲ£
磬ǲлҪ˵ûбֵ̫۾һĵѵʲôţ
Ǻǣֵ˵ˣֵһôܲչأ
ƹһЦķļЦҾţϷôչҲֻˣɣΣѾԼҵļչֵģ
磬㵽˵ʲôͷʵ
ֵܰҾʵ˵˰ɣ˼ԼңҿԸǳһϷãȻٸ㲹һЩ˽ȻֵǧᣬҲɢԭеˣԾɹͳʣΣֵæɣ˵
Ƕ磬㲻ǼѪ𣿡跴ʵ
ǺǣǰҲֻȨ֮ưˣ
΢һ㶣һĨâЦǺǵĵֵҲӦףҲųΪãʼҪһɽģҺѪ¡ô˵أֻһ໥õĹϵˣʲô㱣֤ò˶ұ˦Ѫ£ʱֵ֣գ
Ѫµʲô֯磬ֵһֱϷǸƫƧĵطûʲô˽⣡˵
ô˵أɣԼңҵʱһ£ȻˣȻƾһ˵Ҳûʲô˵ǣЦŻص
Ƕ磬Լ˵˲㰡
ЩԥȻԼƵЦݣȴҲظоеһ˿ȡ
ֵϷȹô㶼޷Щš
ҲȥϷȵģǹڵֵܶһңҾΪƽ鶼ǴֵŰİ
ص⻰ûƵĻɡ
ȷȥϷȣҲȷϷЩһ
ֵҪɾܾĺˣʵ֮
Ȼǣ
æҡͷҵ˼ǣҿͬԼңҪһʱ䣬һȥֵһ£
ɣֵǲǴӦձһظңҿǲɢЩԸˣԸֵһӶķԸ
ĻԵüΪϣϵЦݶ١

Ƴһ£ͷЦðɣͰֵ˵ȥ죡ʲôֵ漸죬ʱȥ˵ɣ
ˣҶЩȲˣ
ȴҡͷͻȥֵֻǶ磬Ҵˣ㲻Ҫ⣡
ôأҿֵܣ
ƵЦȻֵˣǾɣ㣬ȻߵĺϢ
˵ţƱԽͳԼأȻͬеĻǼ¡


1406 ƣΣ֣
һֱŷǼ뿪ɽϵЦȻɣȴ˸λεĺâղֺƵֱ̬ˡ
Ÿݰɣ
ľôˣ
Ȼ䣬һռӿ֣һѪɫװӸֳԵüΪɭ
Ϊʲôأ
˿ȣ˵ϰߴ˵Ĵڡ
Ϣôɵط뿪ѵ֮ŭѪɫ
ãǽ£Ц
⡭
ˣԼİţ
û˵ʲôƱǰ˰֣ˣЭҵģһж˵㣡
ߣ
ƵĻ˵¶һ
ˣ㼴˸ȥȫҪݾߣһҲȥû´Ļ춨ȻڸƳԸ
ųߵ㣿
˲ǱƵĻ֮β룿
ҪɱǿǴһܹ׽¸֪Ͽ֮ʲôʹˡ
ԣ˺ܿ˲뿪ˣȴҲǼǷ뿪ķߵ˼ˣֵܣ˭㾹ȻСߵôأҪˣֻܹԼ
漴»صԼأ

һߣǵȺھ׹ʮ￪⣬Ϊ󷨽ڣʱʱ߹ȫǵ˿һ㣬ûһ˷ǵĴڣ
ǵ׻᲻ΣգⶼȥʱˣЩԹü
ʱѣ
ԱߣƽڻصҿǻõȥҪʲô⣬ǳȥҲһܹȵ
ѻ죬˵
ʸܷܷû̧ƽϴһ£ڣʲôܵģ˵ˣǼҲǰģ
ҿƽǸô򣡡ҲͷЦĸ͵
Ҳֻ˵˵
ƽΪίԼôͳʸ֮أ
˷飬ȴ˾ЦѣҲЦŵһá
ү
ģĿһǻˣ
˭
һǿŷļ¿첽Ҳκ˵ĸ١
ôˣ
󷨽ɲǣæʵ
輸һע⵽ʱһ
ӵġ
ҲܿǽԼڵһУԼƵжԻϸظһ飬첻˫΢ȻˣҪѪµĹˣԼһûķ֣磬Լʲô̬֮ģ
ûУ
ҡҡͷ˵ԴҽԼңһֱߣǼҲһֱţûʲô
ƶҲô谡ʲô𣿡ͷʵ
㣿ֻʱ䣡
ЦңΪӦҶӦԼңֻϧֱǶû֤֤ʲô
ɣ
Ȼȥ˵һϷⲼһ󷨣ֻҪѪԹѪʹҲһܹǿдҵ󷨣
áǾȫˣҲûоܾĺ⣬ͷӦŵ
ǡ
ܿȴʵǾôҲаɣ٣ǷĻɷȥһЩԮ
п
ЦŵģֻҪڣԲϷ£
ˣȻɫһ䣬̧׳ǷʱķȥԭΪƵ˫ȴǷâ
Ȼľٶڳһ
ôˣطߵߣʵ
û£ϣҸоˣ
ҡҡͷ˵пܵĻһ˰æʵڼѾǹͬԸѪ£ŷҲ˺ģ԰ɣ
ԣ
ĻԥĵѾһЩжϣԼҵƺѪģҪ
ǳã㣬ھˣ
ǺһЦǼˣĴ壡ĴΪܣɷģڴ֮ǰǻҪЩȥ׼һ£
ãǿ߰ɣӦ
ãǡ
ͷҪ˵˲ƻȥ⼸ֵ˲䣬ȴɫȻ˲䣬ɫһڣȻˣǾɣѵѪµˣֻЩͷ¶β𣿡
ʲô
Ļ˾ɫ䡣
ƽͶľͼϽʸܷܷ۱󣬷ԼļҲɫأطվţܵı仯

һڴҶҪΪо˵ʱһЦȻôǷʱ·ϣʮѪɫӰٶ
ÿһȻʥ򣬿䴩ҲȻѪ֮ˣ
ô£ôҵģüȻ

ף˫΢еĵûĻŽǺһɱ˰ɣȥշϷȾ͸ӲѴ֮ˣ
Ǳ
͵һԼԴǸ˼٣λˣ
Ǻǡ˭˭һأ㲻ڴӦһԸѪ°ɣ˿ûнѾǰʮѪ֮˷УЦʵ
ڣΪ˱ڣֻǺڣôûһ㿴Ƶ뷨ȻҲͲˣ
ǾͺãȻѾһҲȥ
ʼ磬ĵû´ĻҲ쵽ˣҵʣΪʲôҪЩ
žžž
Ȼºһǰ𣬡Ȼа죬һˣҪô𣿡
˵ơ
ߣһѪɫװ֮ˣҲ֮ǰǸ
ƣȻ㣡
Ŀ΢סŭҪ쭵ķ裬ԵԼҲ㹴Ѫ֮ɱİɣȻƾҲܹΪԼҼ
죬ͷˣòҪôţ
ûЦݣΪɭĵ˵ˣʵ򵥣Ϊ׼ʮˣÿһʥصʵҾһϵеʹ
ô˵ĳѪµĹʵ
ѷʮ˵ĲʱƵƺרĵط첻üͷһ壬ھһ˿֮С
ƣΪʲôҪôѵǰ㲻𣿻磬ܣ㾹ȻǶ㻹㣿ʱҲǷƵŭ
ˣ
ƽغ裬ʲôʸ˵ңвһѣҲ˵ң
㡭
˵ԼǹΪŭ
ˣ˸ûʲô˵ģ
ЦŰڰ֣漴ɫĴȻץסʱ˲뿪ｻ
ƽҲǣ뿪
Ҫһ·һܿǻϣ
Ǵţӭȴطȼ˼ᶨæֵңﲻæģ֪𣿿ߣ


1407 
˵ڣʮѪµʥѾ˽ǰԼһѪɫװ֮ȴפʮ׿⣬ЦǣƺǶ˽ˡ
ৡ
һǽǧýС
ûٿߵطһۣ˫Ŀ˸ɭĺâѾǰʮʥ֮ˣɱȻ
֪ΪΣȴҲһ˿ľס
죬Ͷҿһʱʮ׿
Ͷ
⻰һЦƣôҲԼ֮ˣȻĸԸȥѪµĹˣȥԼҵڣԼĺǵʮ˱ӵѪù
㻹ɫĪΪ㻹ӵ𣿡ɱʮ㣬ŭӯĵ
ȻᣡΪҪɱ㣡
˵ǧýڸĻһ㣬ʵʰĽ
ɱңôĿ
ԣȴЦøӲˡ
ͻأģЦֹ͵ĺȵ֣
֣
ƵĻǸѪɫװ֮ҲǵԸͬʱ˫ϴһѪɫ˲ֻʮ˹ɷֱٵû뵽ʮ˸ʥ֮ڣЩ˱޲˫۶ʱһ
ãǿˣ
״ؾ
ڵʮ˽ˣ˰׿⡣
һ˲䣬ʮ˸ʥ֮ȴΧм䣬ĳֵλվһ㣬ɢҵȴֺܹ໥ӦƵģҪվ˸λ֮ʱʮϿʼɢĺ⣬·γһ˿߽ϵһ𡭡
ǡ
˫һУͷŵֲ֮и
⻹Դӱλֽʵʥ֮󣬵һĸо
˿̣طҲǾ쳣ɫ˲䡣
סҸղ˵Ļ
촽΢Ǵ˵һ£̳ǧýοʼ˸Ȼ֮ʱΧʮͬʼ˸ϵѪɫâҲԽ˿һΧγһռ䣬̶̲ӵʱ䣬ѾطֻܿһƬѪɫԼѪɫ֮еģӰˡ
죬֪ʵǿʮѵģרΪ˶Ը㣡
ʱŵ𣬻ص˶ϡ
Ͼо󣡡
죬ͶüҪȻ㶼ˣ
ƵĻʮ㣬ƺʲӵɱƵġ
ƣҪͶԣһҪ󣡡
֮ͻأطɫһ䣬ǻǺģȻǷȴǲȻŭн˵̰֮˼
ұ죡
˾ǳһۣһ˫˫жȻɱ
˶ŭǲŲܶԷ˭Ե
˵ʲôĻ΢һ㶣ȴС˵־ĲЦ
аҲ֮˰
ȥԼǰԲãұͶΣ
Ļдһ˿ϷʣȴɫȻޱѿҧ죬

췴ЦøˣΪʲӵܹɱΣƣҵȥɣ
죬Ҫɱ㣡죬ҶƷغ
֣
Ѫɫװ֮˫ֿٵӡʱʮ˵õָʾٽ˵ʲôת
ɲǼ䣬·ƬռжѪϢֱֱŻ
ߣ
طվڲԶҲͬһʱ䶼Ĵ
ԥƬ̺ȴǽԵʩչ£ٳԶȥ
Ȼˣ
ͫһû뵽֮˾ȻȫˣʱҪȥ׷Ѿ
ܾܰɣֻҪɱ˻߻׽ЩȺףˣ
ƲƲ죬˿ûнطЩ˷УעѾȫ˱еϣԵɱ֡
춯ֹ֣䣡˵
ã
Ѫɫװ֮˵ͷٴοٵӡǲʮ´˸ɱ
ɲǼ䣬ȫֻܻȻ˼뼫磬ڵԪٶȶ½˲٣·ܵĳƵģΪӦ
ৡ
һɫɫâٶÿһޱȱɱ쾯֡
ƺĶ˵
һ߿ܣһü˼š
Ȼ˵ѪоģţǳܹƣǴʱཻĻѪоģȻѾЩưˣ
Ķ
ǧý˸ͬʱϽЩż߼ĺڰâɢȻɢ֮ȴиâ֣·޾Ƶģû취
ɫɫâ޴ڣͣЪƵģвɱ㲻ͣµ˼
ңЩâȻܴ󣬵ڵ㲻ʲô̫⣬Ψһ쵣ĵǣľĸҲǺܴģҲİ취Ҳֲ̫ʱ䡣
ƫƫһʱ컹벻ȥ
ˣȻ벻ǾͲˣ
ʮ˸ʥصϲѵסң
ˣ
찵˼ţȴǶȻ۾һӿֳһҲı֮һʮ
ʮѾܹͻƺļޣ˵ʮҲźڰɫĹâէһȴΧϹĺڰâ̫𡭡
֮⣬ƺѪɫװȴǶЩȻ
ܹڵһУȻҲԿʮĳ֡
ҵϵѪıֻ࣬ôܻʮ֮ࣿ

ɻͬʱҲڰѡ
֪ʮ顣
ֲ˶ģ
Ѫɫװ֮Ҳ쾹Ȼܹҵı߾磬ǲɱ½һΪϵĸ󻼣
ɱȻĻУѪɫװ֮Ȼٴοٵӡʮ´սپٸɱ
ɲǼ䣬е죬ֻܿռ伱ٷЩɫɫâƵݣʵ»Ѿǧٿˡ
ֻǣȴκεĻҡ
΢΢䣬Ȼתͬʱһ˿˿ǿòԭâı˷򣬾׷ûʮС
ģô£ҵôã
ưѣԱ˵ͬʱչֳѿɫ
ȻһĻȴǸˣ


1408 
ǶѿɫУڵ죬ȴǿٴһЩڰâͬʱȴļתУϵؼһͬΪڰɫâ
һâȴǽ֮Щâ˲٣
ৡ
ƿ֮Ĵʮ־׼ĲЩڰâ໥ײڸûܼӽӵʱ򣬱Ѿû𵽸еã
⡭
һĻ˿ĵɴ˫ۣ𾪡
⻹ûֻ꣬˫һУӡɲǣʮۿɼٶȲϱ󣬼ĺڰâҲǱô׳˲٣˲ǿĳΧռݺݲ
ת˲䣬ʮҵʱȥ
İ£ΧĺڰâѾʧֻܻһ䣬Ѿ±֮ǰΣƺѪɫװ֮ɴ˫ۣڲԶ죬˫۾гŲ˼Ĺâ
û꣡
һɻصͷϿգĿɭĳԳεʮ˸ʥ֮ȥ
ǳ۾Ѫâ˸֮⣬ûκεıԣƺܹ˵ɣκθоһ
죬Ǽ֣Ƽæȵ
ã
ͬԸѪɫװ֮һĨ䣬Ǻܿӡʮ̤ͬĲĸλ켱Ϯȥ
һΣɡ
Ҫǣʮ˵ĳ󷨵ĸ£Ǳ˳ʥغܶڶԵʣ˫΢Ѫɱ֮һɱƺܹɲӰ죡
䣬Уܵһƣ
˴˳֮УȻ˵̫ΣգȴҲ˿и
ৡ
ųԼʮˣ˫һУԥĳֽϡ
ͨһιȴ̺ޱǿת˲Ǻʮ˽սһ
ϡ
һս֮ȴǰһã
ʼʱ򣬻˵ʮ˸ˣŽսĳʮ˸ĬʮĲϱ任λãڹȥӺЩ˵ƺԻ۵ϣһȫͬļ뼫ּˡ
֮첻ιʼԵĶǷֱ𼯺˾֮ˣ˶ǼͼĴʥصʵȴҲмּܵѡ
Ҽˣ
켱˸ܣȴǶȻ۾һ
ǷΪ֣˺ͼˣⲻͬľ˿ͨʱתԵ䵽ĳһϣﵽ䲻Ч
˻Ϳˣ
Цһ£ֻǵʮ˸ʥأڵ˵㲻ʲôɼͼּ໥ϣȴʮʮ
ղǼӵĽսѾоԷǿ󣬾Ѿˣ
ô죿ôȥջĻΣˣ
üͷϵĹȴûκͣµ˼
𼼡ս죡
ҫŭ
ʱʮ׵ĽХǿĳռĽڽӽʮ˵ɲǼ䣬ȴǱһѪɫâȫ֣Ȼ˶ԷȴҲʧԤϵеЧ̫࡭
һʱУ켸ԼܹʩչĹȫʩչ˳ʮܵһЩӰ֮⣬ûʲô̫õЧ
һĻȴҲƸˡ
޲챻Ρ
ɣ
Цһ£漴ȻڿգͬʱʮٴαĲȫĿ£˽֮ӿֲѹϢ
ѹ
Ȼһŭȣһ㼱Ϯ¡
ŴŴš
Ƭռѣ˲Ϣǿѹ֮ʮȫ֣ҪǣʮЩѪɫâڽӴɲǱ㱻ȫգ뷽ŹγĶԱȡ
⡭
ϵЦȫȥɴ˫˼鵽˼㡣
˵ΪԼҵմ֮ˣҵıҲ˽⣬ϧʮȴͷһμ׾ʲôˣҲòϵȷǿ󡭡
֪ˣ
֮źΪǿѹȻͨĹؼȴǲɵϸֳһĨ죬ȴɱʮаЦ
ʱ䣬ۣ˫кʵԵľâһ㡣
ͬʱ˫趯Ժǿľ˲ӿƵĳʮֶȥ
ǲʮӦĳطǸʹΪҲͬ
ˣЩ˵Ķ˵ǽָԴȴߵѪɫװ֮ˡ
ҲֻдͨϵŻǿתͱ仯ڶݵĽս
һеĹؼھ棡
ȻתȷǿüͼӵмһʵھȴʼǻܶģֻҪ֣ⷽһ־ƣʮھȥĴôʲӵȻơ
ͨһ㣬˲٣
ʮ˽ѹʱȴߵѪɫװ֮ȥ
󲢲ܴһ󷨿ռ䣬ҲȻ赲Լӣ
ڣҲץס˵㣬׼һǿľ
žʮˣҲֻһ
Ŀ꣬Ȼǣ

ͻأģȻһȣ˲е˲䣬ƺѪɫװ֮Ҳ̧׳ȥ
𼼡裡
ɲǣʮ׳Ļצĳ·ʮϮȥܿռȵһУҪһ㣬ȷǸʮ˼Ӱ졣
ټ֮ĿֲѹǵĶû˺ܶࡣ
ƾҪƿΣ
ƲмƲƲ죬Ѫɫװ֮Цĳ˵
ǰҲûǡ
ƽĻһ䣬˫ɢʵʰ㾫âĳѪɫװ֮ȥ
ʲô
˸˵ʲôȴ͵һһǿľ˲佫ȫ֣翴һֱԺ
ҡ
죬ȴ͵ԴڵϲϷ﷢˺ѷεʹԱߵһ
ôˣżʵ
ʹʹ
˸ûлشڵϹȥ˲
ڣ
Լľ񹥻Ч˫۶ȻһУǾתʮϮȥ
֮ǰѹԼĹʮ˲жͣƺ˱ߵľżһκι
ⲻܣ
һĻƷƵĴǲš
Զ٣Լʲôܵģ
𣬱ʮɵĴʮ˵İΧⲽһԽ׵ľ룬ֱǰ


1409 ƵѪ
㣬㡭
Žߵ죬ɫ˲䣬Ųĺˡ
ôҲû뵽쾹Ȼܹ߳ڻˣ
ôˣ
аЦгŵǧýһ佣ղŲ˵Ҫɱ𣿲˵Ͷļ𣿡
㲻ҪҪ
ƾֵ˼㡣
ȻѪµİ£Ѿʥصʵʱע⵽ϰԵаЦ֮ʣڵĿ־ôҲٲˡ
ƣ
аЦͻأȥ쵱һ
৵һ£һŲһģֱӵڵϡ
ۣһȥȴǻҲѣޱȵľ⡣
ȥ죬Բһʥصֵܹġ
䣬뵽ԼղôŵӣƽǲϿ쵱Եڳ˿־Ѿû
Ҳûжԣ˲ϱƽ֮⣬ֻһ˫κθı˫ضϣڿһ㣬ƿ־嵽˼㡭
أأ
ʱһľҺƵĿ鲻ԽĳԴ˹ȥ
Ȼһȴŵֽǲ
ʮ˸ʥصѪ֮ˣʧȥָͻ˫عУȴǸܲסǿ̵ı忪
ǷŽĺʮ˵ըѳѪĭ죡
ƿȥʱÿѪĭƮɵĲҾ󡭡
ۡ
Ҳʮ˳һ˲䣬ڵϲϷʹѪɫװ֮ȻһѪݺݵĳ鴤ºȴֱͦͦĲٶκ
ȻѾòˣ
֮ǰֻʣһˡ
ƿ־ӣһǽջڣԾʮֱ˫ƣɱԽȻ
Ҫ
ƿ־岻ѣﲻϵģŹ
ûнһɱ֣ıȡ֮λѪµ飬Ѿ㹻ǧٴζˡ
ƣ㣬ԼԼɱ
ǵģңĲң
ҡͷʮֵĲ
ǣ㣬˭ܹԼ޷ȥȫĻ
ҡ治ңɱģ
ƿٵİԴָѾѪɫװ֮ˣµ֣ҡҲİ
ˣ
ŭȵԼЩʲôѵҲ룿ôҲԼҵˣ۷ĵմѪѵ㲻֪Ѫǵĵ㾹ȻΪ˵òò
ﵽ˺棬Ϊֻ䣬·ʱܶСһ㡣
ҪҲҪҲҪ
ƿ־嵽˼֮࣬ȴǱɱУһǿ
ɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ӣȴǷǰδеɱ
ֻ֪Ҫܹɱ죬ôԺúõĻȥ
ԣ̼УƱޱȿ񱩵Ϣ
Ҳ˵֮ǰһɣ
ף
ȴһ
֮ǰƣ֪ѾѪ£ӱϿκһѪ֮˵Ӱӡ
ǰıУȴԽԽŨѪӣֻȻһǲԶѪɫװ֮˵ʬϱӿһѪ⣬ɿû뵽ڣƴ˿̸Գ˼Ѫ
Ѫӿ룬˵ʬ岻ϸɿݣֻգۼĹֻʣһ߸ʬ
ƣȴԽǿ󣬾ѾԶԶʥصʵ硣
죬Ҫɱ㣡
־תǿҵɱƵһŭȻѪкƻһѪ̶ֱȥ

˫һУȻƵı仯ȴὫС
ʵľ޴࣬ɲֲܹĹģ
أ
ǧýȻһһȻ𣬶һҺھ޴֮УԸٶȵɶѪ֮˲١
׹أĿվ
Ҫɱ㣡ɱ㣡
ʧһ㣬˫ĿѾȫѪɫ⣬һͷѪħޣûһ˿ԡ
УƷƾƽһЩ
죬ŭĥ
ɲǼ䣬ԭѪٴӿϸǱ˺ǿƣƺҪƴһս
ȻΪҪٴιɲǣȴ͵һѪѪȫ֣ػһѪռ䣬ռ֮ӿУȻʧ

һ£ֱЦá
ƾȻѪܵˡ
֪ȥη׷Ҳ׷ϡ
ϧˣ
̾һΪεҡҡͷ漴ȴüղѪݣƺҪǰĸӾһЩѵѪµⷽҲ
ܹӷŭķƽǲǻʲô֮
ΪʲôʼվԼҵ飬ûô򵥣
ˣ֣
͵̧Լڵɽ˵ԼΪ۷֮һֻǾĩҲӦҲִڣܴ񣡡
ǣΪʲôԼҷ˾䣬ȴû˵Ϣѵлʲôأ
ˣˣȥҷǻ˵
˼޹ԳЦҡҡͷ漴һ⽻սµĲƻֱʹ˲뿪
ƵѪܣضѪ֪Ѿǽúüƻһ£²ŻΣգ

磬û°ɣ
طߵʱ˶ʱϲѡ
ȷ첢κ飬Ǵһ
˿̣ԭôҲҪͷλϷȹһ·ȥ죬ȴһӱ㿴˷Ҳڣֻߵļ˲ˡ
ôôȵң
쵭ȻһЦѵãһز𣿡
٣ҿûǸ˼
ҡͷڨЦֻǾЩԲס٣֮ǰĻΪ㡭
ΪҪͶǺǡˣȥľͱˣ
ЦŰ֣ˣڱҪһȫĵطһõϢܵˣ

һɫ̶һЩô֮ܲܵĺ
ȥˣ뿪⸽˵
֣Ǻһͬٵ뿪ڴڼҲӷе֪ǼѾ˻ȥһСѪµϮһҲҪʱֵĴ㡣
ϾԼ֮УȻҪѪ¶ԿףΪģֻΪԼһЩ飡
裬һжرˣ


1410 𾪵ķ裬Īүүƣ
ﲻ˵̣Χȷ˼
ǿ뿪֮󣬱˾׹ǧ֮ңĴ˴ΧȺɽΧΪ̫ƫƧԵʣٳĺۼҲ΢һЩ
磬硭
ڴϢ֮ʱƽΪĴյǰʵôͻǸʲô󷨵ģЩѪµôˣУǸǲѾˣ
һʳͬʱΧҲ׷׳˹Ƿڣһ˫˫۾жޱȵĺ桭
°ɣ
֣ʾҶһºһ߿ʼտһ߻ʱν˳ôľͨѪɫװ֮ˣӶǿƵǿɱʮ˵ʱ򣬴ҶΪֽ֮кá
磬̫ˣ
ʸܷܷǰǺ챧һ£ŵĿ⴮ڵϡ
ܷܷ
콫⴮סŤͷʸܷܷϷʵĵôңС˻Դ׵Ŷ

⻰ʸܷܷʱһ죬漴ħŮӱֻСŤͷƽ۵ȥӣԴ𣿡
ᣬᣡ
ƽ֣ʸܷܷŵɪ°ͣ˿Ĳһݸ
ҲǿЦõҡҡͷ̾˵ƽСܲеϢڻûʽأҪĽˣҪܷܷ۸
ٺ١ǲ۸
ƽһЦڻʸܷܷʾʱ򣬺С֣ЦܷܷңҪȻŲ
ߺߣ⻹࣡ǳӺã磬֪ϷŪǣ
ʸܷܷһЦ˵ƽһǣ˿ֱ֣ƽЩĲ˼
ˣˣȥ԰ɣЩһȫǰҵɱķ
Цһ콫õָˣһǲӡ
ٺ١˭Ŀôóԣ
ǾǣܲܿǶӰɣ
ҪСڣĳЩ˾ͲôԹˣ
˾Цѣһγյķȴ޲ڣȴһԥǿ𺳡
ʲô;ֱ˵
ע⵽㣬Цĵ
ǡҾͲˣ
ԥһ£ʵ٣ղ˵Ѫôˣ˲òѪܣʵʲô磿
Ǻǡԭһֱԥ
⻰쵱һЦΧƽطҲһݸ
ʵ˵˰ɣڵʵߺܶ࣬ʥذ
طڵõͬЦĵ
˾ǵͷ
ڴӶľس֮ǰǽʵ֪ˣڵĴҵҲûжȣֻΪ̾Ľˡ
ɷȴǲȻ
طǡʥءĸֵɲǣȻһ˼ĵɴ˫ۣޱȵ𾪡
ʥ򡭡ʥأ
ѵʿˮԱ
ôţ
ҧһڿ⣬Ц裬Цʮ㡣
ǣֻǡҡ
ƺ˿̶𾪵Ĳ֪ô˵ˣЦУԵЩ޴롣
ʥذ
¾۷ļҲֻӵʵɣ
˭ܹʮ䣬˿ֲ𾪵ʵ
ֲá
ֲѪԣ
ʥصʵ㲻ѪµĶ֣Ҳʲô̫Σհɣ
˴ȴֲһ̾˶ʵ֮⣬ж̾
״׷ʲôĴңڶûٶ˵ʲôطȴЩԺΪԼֻΪ졣

չ⾰Ƕ˼ĳɽ֮Уûеߡ
ȻҲûаװ˷ʱ䡣
ͨķʽǶϵĸߵˣǽԼҵȫ̽ʵѸ棬ߣһҲΪ˽⡭
˵ľٶҲ÷λϷȹٴοĴ۷ʵȷССϷܹȵ˵ģ
򲢷Ĵ۷ĵ̣ƿصʵҪϷȣҲķ̫
˵֮лôһᣬȴּվ۷ǿˣ
磬Ǹô죿
ƽʵѾԼҺѪ£ƸǶ´ͨĴ󲿷˶ǵĿģ²˶޲ȥأ
ƽԲ
յʱУѪݻȥ֮ǵһʱ緢ͨ˵͵Լҵı⣬ͨ˵δòȴһʮ
еˣҲǻᱻƴ˾ԻټϣԼҳнвٵ˶֣Ҳı֡
أû̻شƽ⣬ǽĿ˷衣
ң
㶣û뵽ɵÿЦһ£ûʲôһٵķԸ
Ǻǡˣ
Цҡҡͷûô򵥣ֻõ˹ԼҵĲϢ˿ûмѪ£ܲѪ·˰ɣߡ
ˣһ٣ŤͷԱȥ۵λȻˣβһ
ৡ
Ļ˾ɫ䣬һվŵĳ֮ȥ

յĽУȴһߵЦ𣬶ʮ˴ӱγⲽһµ߻м
ͨ򵥵ߣȴ֮ɢһ˲ֱӵơ
ĿһŲѣǸоһַĵ׵𺳣
ƺֻҪһ֣Ǳ㶼ᱻһƵģ
ƣôҽŵ˼㣬һж˺ˮ
ȴûڼߵʱȴǿЦá
˵Īүү˰ɣŻҵѣ
ûķһۣĻ˾ɻѡ
ߵĳƺҲף˲ǵˣŸ΢ķһЩ
ûĪɽĪүӣһȴ쫷󽫣
쫷ǺѪͬʱڵ֯һΪˣ
ѪƿΪ쫷󽫵Īɽ϶סˣȴû뵽ǻַʽ棡
ˣǶɢ
Īɽ֣ʮ˱̷ɢɲǼʧǵС
ĪɽԼߵǰ棬ЦĵСӣû뵽ɣǿ湻󵨵İͨˣ취뿪ͣѵͲ±ѪЩ˸ҵ𣿡
£ô£
ʼ磬ЦҲ߰ҪѪ񲻾ͳ˼Īүүѵϣӵ֣


1411 Ѫϣ
ĻĪɽһЦСӣＤң˵ĻھͲˣ
ٺ١
һЦĪɽȴĿΪӵһۣ̾û뵽̶ʱղ㾹ȻѾʥصʵ
Ǻǡ
һЦ漴ٴʵ˵Īүүôģô֪
˵أ
ĪɽûĵԼҲСһЩĵĻΪѪµ˲鲻𣿡

⻰첻죬ĪɽĻЩס
ʱҲˡ
˵Ѿ㹻Сˡ
еĺۼȫĨɢһЩϢô˵ǲСأ
ɿĪɽϷʵ񣬴Ҳģ֮ȴǸ
ΪЩϢܹƭˣ
ĪɽЩϢ˷ĶУƫƫûߵ·ߣֻҪ΢һ£ȷųϢǼٵģôΨһĲֻˣ

Īɽ򵥵Ļ첻ɫһ䣬˽һЦ񣬾̾ѡ
òϣǵȷǾһЩ
ңڵĪɽλ쫷󽫣ҪѪ֮ˣѪԴӵĻЩ˻ľΣˣ
ʥصʵȥѪϵĻ˵ûһ˿һʤ㣡
ʥ򣬶֮˵Ҳ൱΢ǿһЩ϶ѣ
ʼնֻϣ
Ǻµ飬ĪɽǺһЦİɣѾǽЩ飡ЩѪ֮ѾҰŵһȥˣ˵Ĵ㵽ôģ
ʲô㰡
Цѵҡҡͷ̾дĻǾֻ˵һЩֵϵļѪ˳ƿ򣡡
ˣ̧ͷĪɽ飬˵ĪүүרԹ²ֻǸЩİɣ£
Сӣôۼ⣡
ĪɽЦģ΢Ȼĵ㵹˵׼ˣҲ֪쫷ѪĵˣȻԸ⿴Ѫ֣֮ڵʵҪȥѪӲӲԲеģԡ
ĪүүҵңҪһ϶ԵУӿڵ

ĪɽףӦҼǵãϴξѾ˵ЩİɣʱҲͬ˵ģ
ͬˣɡ
ͷҪ˵ʲôɲǣͻأһĹͷӿʲôأǽնҪ
ã
ɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬׷̧ͷȥ
ŴŴš
ܣѪ˲·γһ޴Ļ֣ȫ֣ԭĴҲǱѪɫƳΪѪɫռ䣬̵˼㡭
ͬʱһϤѪɫӰ֣쵱˫ͫѾϳѪϵķѪӰ
ڻԪ½صռУѾνǵΣ
£ҲΣյһΣ
ô
˫΢Īɽȥɻ
Ҳ֪
Īɽҡҡͷ۾˸â
ȷ˽еĺۼˣ˵Ӧ
ôҲֻֿܡ
һߵ⣬ڶĪɽԼߵ⡣
һֵĿԲ󣬲Ȼ˲ܻڡ
ôҲֻеڶֿˣ
˴Īɽ鲻ǸĳȥͬʱҲͨЩȻĪɽ齻һ
Īɽ飬û뵽㾹ȻΪµ쫷󽫣ӣӦǽ쫷󽫵аɣ
ѪϹƮƮĴȴѪһ㣬Īɽ֮⣬ڶɫһ䡣

ĪɽһԪȶ㵽ʲôˣѵͲ¶ĿĪǣѪ´ϹŴԾɶֲͷ¶β󱲣
ģ֮ǰһ㿴ҵĿ
ˣѪȻһת룬㿴֮Ŀ
ţ
⻰Īɽ鲻üëһ˻⣿
ˣǼ
ѪûٺĪɽϻתȥѪӰϵѪΪŭӿ죬ôı°ô£ǰո˱ʮѪ̣ҪǲƤʬΣǸ˵ȥˣ
ң
û쿪ڣĪɽֱӵǰҲ㵽ʲôˣøҼˣҪǸҶһëұ֤Ѫ±ؽѪɺӣʬ޴棡
Īɽڱ죬ƺǻ᲻ϧһУ¸
ΪѪϣ¾ҲЩ΢
ƺĪɽֵ̫һЩ
Ѫû˵ѪзѪӰϵ˫ض죬ƺҪ쳹׿͸һ
ʱ䣬Īɽȴ촽΢ĳ˴Ƶġ
Īɽ飬׷Ļˣ
ע⵽ĪɽľٶѪϵЦΪ˻Χ𣿡
ʲô˼⻰Īɽ鶸Ȼ˫ͫһ

ѪϹЦµɲǣʱӰԱߵĴл
һŮ
ˣĪɽ˴δ£ֻϧͬǣ˵˫ѪɫǸ˿˿ѪûɾͬǸոʳѪ֮µѪա
ǸŮӣȴ˫ͫһ
ȻѪΨһʣµѪ粣
ǡ
ĪɽˣȫԼ۾
ѾҸŮ£ֻϧĪɽ쫷󽫾˿ûз֣һĸ
ѪʹЦţĪɽŭ˼㡣
ȴüͷһ壬һѶϢ
Ѫ粣ȻѪϵĸŮ
ֱţ
ѵ˵Ѫǵзѣ֮ǰΪʲôҪŴİԼ⵽ô£
˼⣬ʱȴδֳѪҲȫ쵱˵һ㣬û˵ദ֮ʱƽ͡
Ҫǣ𾪵ķ֣Ѫ精ȻҲ˺һʥصʵ
ˣǷϻˣ
ѪЦĪɽ飬е뱾ȥǾ֮һս
߱㲻ңڱֵĲֻһѣѵˣ
ѪϵƣĪɽۣĵ˭˵Ҳҵģߣ

ѪϵЦѪӰĪɽ鼸ͬʱʧǰǾ֮ϵʲôط첢
ڵĵǣȻѪô½յľ潫ʮΣգ
Σ


1412 սѪ粵Ĵ
֮ϣƬ̼Ƿӿ
촫£ȴѪǷѪӰĪɽӰֻܹоԽԽǿѹ֣ЩƶǲϷ·Ƭضʱܱһ㡣
Ȼ˵ĽսӴʱı˵ѾǵһְȻĳ̶ȣ
磬ڸô죿
ܺƳѪɫռУѪ粺쫷£Ѫ֮ˣƽ˵ɫΪء
ʸֱܷܷۣƽľͼ󣬶طǷֱվߣʮ侲ɫȻŶˣʱֵ׼
죬ڻԪ½޾֮ϣɱңգұҪ֮𣡡
Ѫ粵ʮֱ䣬Ծĵһ㣬·˵ѪҺñһЩ
ţ
һ
Ǵε֮ѾüΣҪĻȵ죿
ټ֮֮ļμ棬Ѫ粸͸¶˲ϢҪôô
Ѫ⻰ȷЩ
ô㲻ң
Ѫ˫ѪһȴǿٵһĨ⡣
һǧýصʲôңѪ粣Ѫвֻʣһ˶ѣҼȻܹѪѪᣬҲڻ£ʲôֶΣ;ʹɣ
ۣ죬ֹҪߵЩ˶ҪҵҪĴʧȥǼʲô
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ò֪Ѫ֮ƽɫ䣬طǵŮʲô¾;óҪһüͷͲˣ
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ӿûκεľ⣡
ǳã
ѪЦŵͷ漴ֻ֣ѪɫӿУʮѪ֮˿˳
Щˣʵ͵ĶԪڣ׼ȷ˵жʮԪڣʮԪԼʥأ
ʵһƽǲɫΪѿ
ҲɫѵѪĴɱǣ
ټѪ쫷ҲʥһصʵǾʥ򣬶ߣԼ֮⣬ҲֻʥһصĶľͼʥصķ裬ԼʥصĿ񽣣
֮ǰĿֻʥصʵںеٴͻƴﵽأ
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ȥӭս죬˰ȫ£ǲܻ׽Ǿֱ
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ǣ
ڶѪ֮˷׷ӦŵҲ漴˵Ǳ̫嶯Ҫʱ䣡סΣҪԱ֤ԼΪ
ף
ƽǷ׷׵ͷֹͷȻҲ˵ʲô
ס˵ģҪ嶯
ٴظһ䣬͵ĳֽ㳯ѪֱϮȥȵѪ粣
˭
ѪӦһֽͬӭϡ
ءһѪƺЩһ˿ȥӿУγĴּȥߵҲæϣ΢΢һǲһĨаЦ漴չ׷Ϯȥӣ
㽻֣ͬǵһ㣬ʱΧѪ֮˳ƽչ˷Ĺơ
״񽣵γؽ⼸ʥ򽻸ͼүעⱣôң
ԼСģ
׿ʵĶľͼæӦǷȴɫһ䣬Ҫ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬿ȴѾؽǰ˹ȥ
ֻÿһŭȣؽ϶ʱâʥصѪ֮ȫ֣Ҳʹ˲òԿ񽣵Ĺƣ޷ֳȥԸƽǼ
أ
ɲǼ䣬ֻý죬ʥ֮ڿ񽣵ĺнˣòֵֵ
һĻ÷迴𾪲ѡ
֮ǰʥصʵ壬ֳǿʵҲСĸζٴα
ǡ
ѿڣϵطȴæȵ񣡡
ϡ
ʱǷոջع˲䣬ǼΧļսѾʼղطΪֵһЩѪ֮˵Ĺơ
֪ˣҵģ
һʥʵ˿ûκεԽС
һѪ֮˵ļսȴһʱעű˵İΣ
ϾͿ֮⣬ҲֻͶľͼʵʥǱҪˣ
ԣӾ޴УֻҪעԼɣȥɱˡ
սȫΧһ
վǰ棬ľͼվں棬ʵǿۺطǷֱߣмĻʸܷܷעҵʱòӦ
һʱ䣬Ȼսּңܵ˲Сѹƣȴûʲô̫Σա
ڴʱĿ񽣣ǿʥ֮˵һԣ
ȻδѪ񻯣ԿڵʵȴҲռ˾ԵϷ磬ʮóϻ֮Ѿڿ񽣵ؽ֮ˡ
ϧ񽣵ʵһЩȻռϷ磬˵ĺϻУ˵ɱǣҪܣҲҪһ򣡵⣬Ҳֻǳѡ
֮ܶһ仰ʱɽеļսȴһޱȺ˵ĳսҲԲһʱܹ˵ģ

أ
һߣѪ˵ڰв϶ײûκͣµ˼Եü֡
쫷£ʥһʵǣȴȫԹһ̶ֳȵĽսǸ޷֣˵ȥѪ粴սˡ
ս֮࣬ڵٶǻһЩ
ƾնϵһЩʵǸˣȴأǱ֮⣬һ糣
죬ٸһᣬͶٿɱ֤ȫҵİȫѪ˵˵ͬʱȴǲ¶ۼĳ·һۡ
ͬʱ죬취ȥץǣ֪쫷滹жڹ
Ѫ粣ҪͶǾǳ˵Σ
첻ɫȵͬʱȴǴã֪ˣѪ粣ôѪϵĸŮУ㵽ʲôݣΪʲôҪôң
Ҳǰ㣡
Ѫ粴صͬʱѪʢǿٵֳһѪɫâڵλüϮȥ죬ȻҪǾ͸ȥɣ
Ѫɫâ޾ƿ֮Ŀֲ׵ľ˲ϢգۼѾǰ
첻룬æӡǧýҲ֮ĽâЩѪɫâɿĶײһ𣬶໥ЩȴҲǷ׷׳·׹䣬·ʥһ֮˿ٵܣΨˡ
ڣ
쳯Ѫ粶һ񣬶Ѫ粽ȫıУ·ڶЩѪâһѸٵĳ·Ʈ䣬ƺɺϵĸպǾ˲Զ


1413 ܣϷ
û˿Ѫ粵ļҽսʵֻһ
ǿĳЩֲĲ·ҪɽȫݻһʱƮ׹أҲǼΪĶܣ쫷磬Īɽ쫷󽫵Ҳһ
Ȼصһ˲䣬ѪװģĴӿм׷ͬʱȵģ
ģ
˻΢ôҲû뵽ںѪ粼սʱ򣬻ܹȥԸǣ
ƫƫʵˣ
ҲѪ粸ոճѵɲǣתһȣȻϮȥ
ã
ôҲʥһأҲеʵ
Ѫ粵ѣ˵α˲ԭʧֱó˲ƣ
ܣ
аЦȴ͵Ҳ֮ʧűƺߴմͻأصأϺƵģʹ಻
ѪڸȻѾܵ˾ҵĳһʱʧȥһʹ໹ʹ࣡
Ѫ粴˿ҲǿٵĹʹ֮ȡ
٣
ߵǲƺжһ
ûܾȵǣ
һһĨעЦݣоϿѪ粵ĹƼִ͵ĳֿ㼸£ǿ˲ǳ˵ĵǽ޷£˲䵤ﱻϡ

ѪʹųѪĸϷѪϵѪ
ҵʹòԶط˵ļս仺һЩһ˫˫۾׷ͶߣЩѪ֮˿Ŀѣһֶǿҵľ⣡
ΪѪĸ󻼵飬Ѫмû˲֪ġ
ֳʵѪ粵ļսлֳܷȥϵʥһصͬЩѪ֮β𾪣
ϣ
ɲǣѪ粵Ĺˡ
ԥŤǧýȻһǿɢ˶׷׺һЩ
ȻǲǹװģҲֻԼ
˵ĳ˫һץ㽫Ծʹ˹һ˦˦طǱߡ
ӣúÿˣǧˣ˵
ã֪ˣԼСģ
طӦ漴ǽߵǼм䣬һֵΧѪ֮˵ΧһñͬĻʸܷܷǡ
ȻΪʲôһҪס˵СǴҲ֪ڲЩʱ
ʸܷܷҲԥһº󣬺ܸɴĽֱιȥͬʱҲΪֹסѪѾϵ˵ܲԼܵġ
ʱҲûȥЩǧýٴκѪ粼սһ
˵κ֮ǰһϵذзȥ⼱˸ڳ˸ǵľ嶯
Ψһڶչʾսļҡ
Ȼ˭Ҳ֪Ѫ粲ֻӰˣǿƿֲĵʵ΢ƫһЩ򣬶һȻѪ粶ܵκ˺ΧĴȴ
һŽһŵĴ٣ЩǿĳУٵľݽ촷ƮɢҲ˵ļսһĲĳ̶ȡ
ӵļսУѪȴһ
Ѫ粣常ʲôˣ㲻֪ܲɣ쵲סѪ粵һйƣͬʱʵ
¶ˣ治֪
Ѫ粳һ佣ΧӿгϮȥѪ£û֪ʵݣȻҲ⣡
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˹ۣЩš
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˲䣬Ǽལ߶ȻըѿȻʲô̫Σգ˲٣ġ
ѽ
켱æ󳷣ǧýǻϮĽ״ɢ
˵أ
ѪػصͬʱѪɫâʢΧγһƬѪһ㣬ܿռ𽥳Ѫɫת䡣
òϣƵȷΪˡ
ҪǲģΪƭĹȥ
ҿɲôı㺦
Ѫ˵ţȴжͣһѪɫâΧѪ֣һУЩâ㼱ٳڵλϮȥ
ٶȼ죬â
Ǵ˷·ȫΧƵģҲɫȻһ䡣
ðɣǾɣɲҪ̫ˣȻ˵Ͳˣ
ǻһ䣬ɻûʲôѪ粱ǵߵΪ˵ң
ҡ
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ʱ䣬һӣܺγһȦȦĽ籩һ㣬òԶ˷׷׿಻ѡ
Ѫ粲ϿŸԵĽ˵ĽǶȻѾ·硣
ΧȫЩѪɫâռݣǧýĵâѪɫâ˵ȴȫС֮Ĳࡣ
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ʱ˿̣ѾȷţѪӦڰԼϧľǸ֪ʲôݣΪʲôҪô
ȻһĻΪˡ
Ҳ֪ѪŮǲղ˵Ǿ䡮֮ĻȻܵѪɫâԼΪĽǶȳĺϮȥ
ۣ
⧲û뵽Ѫ粻ȻôȻѪɫâк󱳣˲һģڸܵһ𵴣⻹ӦѪ粲δº֣ȻµϱѪ
㡭
סΣ̧ǰǰеѪ粡
죬
ѪȴδκλӦ촽΢ѪʢͬʱɱҲԽȻ
ͬһʱ䣬ܵѪɫâҲ֮øӷҪֱɱһ㡣
ô£
ɫ΢䣬ȴҲȥ룬ǽȫĿʼܣͬʱǧýΧܲ͸磬ʹѪ粵ЩûκЧӶ޷ƽ
죡
ս˺һѪ粵ĴȻڶߣղ常ڴߴҿ㶯֣
ʲô
⻰ɫһ䣬û뵽ѪϵķѪӰںĪɽս֮ʱܹĹעߡ
ˣ˵ˣǼɣ
Ѫ粲ɫҡҡͷҲٴǼܵĹϯȥ
Ȼ˷Ϊ˲ѪϵĻɣɵƣ֮֮ǰҲļϣͬʩչԼǿ
սû֪Ϸ
ܵĻȴǸ꣬ΪĵķԲ֮ڣƤ˺ü㣬˵ڵЩľݣѾʧƺγһƬƶ֮Ƶġ
Ϸݵ̶ȣΪף


1414 ѪˣΣ
һߣԶľͼͷΪ˷УȴԵЩء
ʣµʥ֮˶һߣǻҪԼĵˣľͼͷ趼ʥ򣬿ɱǻҪչˣټǵʵʥ֮ҲǺܵ͵ģԴʱʱĹȥҲδռݶơ
ʥԪҲ޾ģ
˿̷߶ľͼ޷ʹ˲ƻ߶Ϊ˱ˣҲòôѪֱ֮Կ
һ߰˸ʲô⡣
Χʵǵ֮࣬ûһԪڵģһɲһһڶô򵥣

һ˲䣬ȻһҺ
ʥеһڿǿƵĹУ⧲֮±ؽֱӿ˽һӣѪڵһأҺ֮˲ֹסǳʧȥ
Ĳ״ڳ˶һ
ʸܷܷ۶˸Щ̵ıͷ
ǱϾŮģȻҲɱ˲ٵˣĲһǵһΡ
ɱһ󣬿񽣲δκֵͣ˼
˫һĨ͵Ťͷʥ֮ȥ
һŲĳŲŲ
ˣ
һЦؽУ͵Ĵ̤ĳȥ
໥ֻʮףҲǼ·ľ롣
Ǻƴˣ
˴Ӿлع֮ʱֿѾߡ
ھͬʱȴҲԽ̼ǵױ
£˱ǼȫϮѪ˲ȣʥصƷ񱬷ҪͿƴ˼
Ȼֻ˶ѣҲ˿ں
ûнѪ񻯵Ҳʥصʵʥصȷǲ˲٣ɶ˶ԣȴ̩ɽһǿ󡭡
ȫǣ
񽣲˷һĲӿ첻١
̤һɲǣÿȻһŭľϲؽ߸߾𣬴޾Ŀϯ̩ɽѹһ㳯ǳնȥ
һ̺˿񽣽ȫԪޱȣ
ԿһСͿռѷĳ֣ƿ֮һ㣬Ŀֲƣǰٶ׿ս˶׷ͣס֣һ˫˫Ŀ⾪ĳǱ˹ȥ

ŭ𣬽űѵ죬ҺȻǴغݺݲһ£
Ѫ֮˱Ҫó񵲣ҲĬûڿǽȫıУеĳûʲô̫õã㱻ֱӿ롣
ţؽڿ񽣵նƲռ֮ӿУ˵ͷնȥ
һΣǸûκζܵĿܣ˲Ƶһʱ䶼ûУ
գۼ䣬ؽ˼ͬʱУͷûܵκƵģǷеһҺ󣬱ǳױߣ˵Ŀʬ壡
Ѫһأڵϡ
Ŀʬ壬ƺΪԵʣھ˺üεĲͣ¡
һĻ̫𺳡
ÿһˣ񽣵Ŀⶼž¡
ΪԼˣ󲿷ֶǵһμǿƵĳ֣ǵı鶼˼¡
Ҳòϣ񽣴˾ٵȷǴЩѪ֮˼𺳡
䣬ЩѾûʥĴڡ
ǿŤͷȥǣղűֳĿֲʵЩѪ֮˿¾ûһһ֮У

˶סɲǣѪ粺ȻһʹӴӰ׹أǰһ̯Ѫټ԰ֽɫ˵Ϊ⡣
ܰɣôٶˣ
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Ǹôôǿϵİ£Ѿʥصʵأ
ģڸô죿
Ѫ֮˵ɫüΪѿǼֱŻ
طȴ˷ܲѣƷ˷ܼһ㣬ľͼˣ˷ܵΧЩչ˹ԭͣµĻսһչֻǴڿʼȴѾطߵˡ
Ѫ粣㡭
ɫ˲䣬ڿǵڵϵѪ粣ɫΪѿ
һУѪԿԶȥģû㣬ֱӭϣۿžҪӽʱѪ粻һЩҪ̶ֳȣǶʥصʵ˵Ҳöüʱ䡭
죬Ҫɱ㣬ɱ㰡
Ѫǿվ˵ҡΣϺѪɫԣǻһ˻
ǣͬһʱ䣬ѪȴҲǿЦѵĴû취ҪǲҪ˻ɣǴôãֻ·˵㣬ܵƤˣҪ𣿡
ǣӦú˵һڡ¶ɱƺѪ粵ĺΪмĴȴҲͬЦá
˵ˣôô
ѪҡҡͷؿڵѪԪϵļӿָ
˲Ҳһ𣿡
һ㲻ˣȻһѰˣѵ
ҡ
ˣ˵ˣ㣬óԸѪѪʱİ㲻ɱңҪȻ
Ѫ粴˵ţĻﻹû˵꣬ͷϿжȻһҵĺˣԼ׿սҲǷ׷̧ͷȥ
Īɽ飬㲻ҵĶ֣죬ұɱ㣡Ѫǹ
ƨΪʲôҺƴˣĪɽŭ𣬵ȶԣȴеǿ֮⣬첻üͷһ塣
ôۣԱһУ
Ѫɱ˱оһذӿת˲ߴһֲĺ죬ŪôҾ𵴣ʵԲ˸ֱӱÿѪ

ʱһҺӸ߿𣬱һӸ߿ռ׹䣬˽ŵĿУ׹أôһһδӣΧӳһѷ죬̳Уڳ˶˺ü
Īүү
쾪һ˸Ǵ棬Īɽ˵ӣż
ȿȡ
ĪɽţһڿѪȳɫǲ԰ֽƺԼѪȾһֱҵ˼㡣
ʱѪϵķѪӰƮ
ȻûˣΧƵѪȴһЩ
ϾĪɽҲǿߣѪǿڳֵҲķѪӰѣĪɽΪۣܸǷѪӰʲô˺ĻôǸѪҲδ̫ǿһЩɣ
ľ飬ΪĪɽˣȶʱҲ΢һЩ
ɺܿ죬оѪӰɢȻɱȴɫ˲䡣
ĪɽΨһһ֮ˣˣҪǷѪӰһеľֱ֣Լߵʮ񲻾Σˣ
˴ֻΣɫȻ˼㡣


1415 ƴռ似ˣ
Ѫ粣ôˣ
־ʱǷѪӰȴǷɵѪߡ
Ȼô죬ȴ仰еһ˿ģƺѪ϶ŮҲΪء
常ȿȡû£
ѪҡҡͷصŮղŲСУ常ģû˵󰭣ֻҪձɻָ
ʵѪ粵²ûмٻָֻ˵ǲڼȥ
û¾ͺã
Ѫ˵ȵһԺúûָĽΪ
ǣ
Ѫ粿ɲ˿춯ٴθ촫
Ͼ˭Ҳҿ϶ʵǿ߻᲻а취ݡ
Բ񣬿Լ
ѪߵһԣѪע⵽˰׿طм쫷֮ˣǷѪӰѪһΪĵѪ粣ô£
常ĻŮܣ
ѪæŮעʱǵĵϵ˵ǡ˵ҪǽĪɽ鴦ã
㣬죡
Ѫ粵ĻѪӰȻȥȴδֱӶ֣ͣ˾׿⣬Ѫϵķŭȴ
ң
Īɽ飬Ҳǵһδ򽻵ˣΪ𣿡
ãһ£
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㣬񽣣Լҵ֣
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ȻĴ˷ȴó֮طɫ䡣
Լ⹫ط£˽ҲһЩ֮ѣطǼ˴δ˽Щ
񽣴硭
˵Ŀ⳯ȥȴǽؽڼϣԼҵΣϣɲĳЩˣֱڻڲͷ¶β
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ǰţһӶ룡
񽣺ԥĳϵƺȫûоǷѪӰɢȻɱһ㡣
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ǼǸľӢ˲ˣϧǾȻ뱾ԣգһ·
Ѫ˵
ǷѪӰȻ˼ٷȥ޾ѪԼֲѹ
ģ
״춸Ȼɫ䣬ԥĳ˵ķȥ
𼼡ս죡
𼼡裡
ŭʱһһХֱǰ

ѪȳôӷѪӰϼһѪâ֮ͬһĽס紥Ƶĳ˦ȥ
ۡ
ܵҵķ̲סһѪ
û취֮ʵĲʵ̫һЩ
磡
ү
˼״׷׾ЩѪâٳϮȥɲǣ⼸˰Ա߸ϹĿ񽣣ȫóǸǿĹơ
ƾǣҲ뵲ס
һĻѪϵĹЦǷѪӰΧѪٴμӿһһѪɫּ֣˷Щƶȥ
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ǳ֮⣬ʵǿһҲȷӦ
৵һ£ֳؽնͬʱԪҪǮƵķϧôþȫǸղնʥ֮˵ǿȴֻܶѪɫֽ赲޷һۼ
˿̣Աߵط磬ľͼۣƽʸܷܷԼˣȴǱЩѪɫУܹܵĶȴҲǳ˲١
أ
˳ͬķطɳͶľͼʥʵˣȻͬûκεĵֿ֮
һ˲䣬һֱܵ˼𵴣Ȼܹվɿʵɶ޷ˣ˵ȥѪƴһս
񽣼״ҲǼΪŭ
ȥ
˫Ծŷŭ棬ӡ˲䣬Ȼͷų貵Ľ⣬𾪵Ŀ£ǽ׵ٴΰθߣҲǷǷѪӰͥơ
Ѫ񻯣
ѪһЦвʥصʵˣϧǲ
Ѫ񻯣
طƣ񽣴˾ٺǿǲ¥ߵΣһԵ֡
ͬΪ۷壬˿񻯣ǻ״Ρ
ȥ
ȶ񽣱Ƿٴŭһͬ˵ؽضɽҡĴ̤ѪӰǱ߳ȥ
ʱĿ񽣣ͬξԴҼ𺳣
ȻԳĿ񽣣Ѫ˿ûκεĵǣǷѪӰΧѪɫâǽӵʲôһķ䣬ѪⲻϻᣬһŻѪϢ·𽫴˴ڵĻȾѪɫƵġ

̺žԷŭһ񽣳ؽն¡
һҪƬضƵģ͵˼㡣
¾죬κ׼¶һ¡
ɾؽµ˲䣬Щ۵ѪⶸȻֳһѪɫ޾ֲƳؽӭȥ
أ
һ촫̺ȫһؽǱѪֱˣ˶ڷ֮Ϯнˣеؽץˡ
ѪϵĹûꡣ
Ѫɫؽ֮󣬾ǶȻѸſѸײڶٶȳͷֶȥ
ҪǣѪɫصĿռ֮һÿ񽣸޷ֻĿѪɫıƽ
񽣣
״ɫ˲䣬ȻԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾ˿ߡ
ռ似λӰ
¸ղܵ˼𵴣ҲǺԥó˿ռ似
ɲǼ䣬˵αѪɫַΧʧֱ˰׿΢ȫĵش
ף
һĻѪɻ
ѪɫƼ򵥣ʵȴѾһ˿֮ȴܹſѣֱЩš
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ĵУ񽣽ĵžž졣
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ף漴ŤͷǷѪӰȥ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱѪϵȴ죬ղʲô
֪
ԣ΢һȴǻһĨаȵЦݣۣҾ͸㣡ռ似λӰ
৵һ£ԭʧٴγֵʱѾǷѪӰԶǧýȫƽƾն


1416 ˣ
ƽƾն
һȣʮ׳Ľâ˲ϢžŶƵӿֱǷѪӰֱϮȥ
һ̣ܿռѣ
âһռѷ첻ϳ֣ǾŶƵӿУɢ޾ĺ磬·ֻ¶ȶ½˲١
еֶΣ
ѪϹЦһȴһĨм֮⡣
ٿ䣬ۿǽâзѪӰɲǣܵѪȻܵĳһ㣬ٳ߻۶ֻգۼĹ򣬱ѪֳһֻѪƣޱȵĳǾ޴âץȥ
ٶȼ죬ҪѪѾǲܵˣ
Ҳһ˲䣬Ѫץס˽âȥƣǸ޷ѪƵҲ޷һֲֿ춼ݺһ
ү
硭
󣬿˷׷׾
죬㻹㲻ʥؾͱһս㻹Զˣ
ѪϵƮƮ𣬶ͨǽâһΪ˵춸Ȼɫ䣬ã
ꡭ
ʱѪȻһյ˲䣬Ǳʮ׳ĽâȴǶȻͬıһ㱻ֱ˺ü飬˷ȴ͵Ѫһֱ³Ѫ
ģ
ϸһĨ԰ף֮νˡ
ҾͲˣ
ұ
캬ŭȳƷӿܿռƿٵֳСͷ
ɲǼ䣬ǾŶȻͬʱһըѿ
䣡
ֲĺôֻöĤۣæס䣬ˡ
ǶôѪ֮ˣвֻԪڵģǱѪֱǱ˼㡣
ѪϵǷѪӰڴʱҲϵѪٵӿ˺ü£ƺַʽⱬըĳһȶ֮ǷѪӰϵѪȴ΢һЩ
ȷĹã
ϾѪǿߣȴҲҲҲᡭ
磡
ƽһʱע⵽ɫЩԣæǰ
û£
ҡҡͷǼȻʵڲеĻߣùң֪𣿡

⻰˾Ǻԥҡͷ
ôһȥʵôֲѪϣ
ʲô
ɫһȵһ˵Ļ߾Ҳס
߲˵ģ
ʱѪϱޱȹٴ𣬡죬ϵȷС㣬ΪĪɽϲĶǱĶ֣𣿡
ס˵Ļ
쳯˵һǧýǷѪӰȥ˫΢׵ɲܣֻ˲֪ĪǣΪǲսʤģˣ㶼ҪɱңղԼĶ𣿡
죬
컰еƣѪԵĸΪŭˡ
֮ǰ¼裡
˵ڵѪѾ߳ŭǷѪӰϱһЩѪٴδʢ֮֮ǰӵֲ
죬
ŭ䣬ǷѪӰϱֳһѪɫ֣Ҫѿռһ㣬ٳڵλϮ
˺󣡡
ѪɫֵĲΧӵˣ̴ȳ
˵ҲԥļٷˣԼĿһԥӡٺȵ
𼼡ս죡
𼼡裡
ҫŭ
ȼͬһʱȳٵĺХʵʰ쳹
ңУͬʱϮڳ˶ݺݲЩѪ֮˸ƾãĹǶȥһɫ˲ò԰ײѡ
⡭
ѪϵȻøΪ죬ʱѾûʱȥʲôѾǿʼΧЩѪɫչ
ŴŴš
ĿռĦ𣬶ЩѪɫĺХУѪɫƮɢ֮ͬѪһμֱĪĲ
ȻʱǷѪӰȻԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾǰʮ״
İ
طƽ۵˼״ʱ
Ҳ֮ɫһ䣬æתԪԥǰֳһԪ֣ͬʱǧýҲ죬ȻĽâӿ
棬ǷѪӰͬһʱ伤Ѫâգۼ˷ȫǿĳϢһܿռ䶼·ƵģɫΪѿ

ѪһŭȣЩѪâ漴ΪֲɱֻƻЩ䡣

ͬʱ쳢Ҫ˲ѪâĹȴԼΧռѾҪ˵˲ˣշתŲٶȶ͵㡣
ҪǣԸо֮Ĵڣ
⣬Ҳ֮˲ܹģ
ʥأ֮Щģ

ЩѪâԽԽ۾ȻУҪʹǿռ似ɲǣѪƺѾԤϵһ㣬ѪӰֱǰͬʵһѪⶸȻ

ֲĳֱϮԪָֻǽ΢赲Ƭ̱㱻ֱӴƣǳѾǺݺݵĺϡ
һҺȻķ˿ȥѪһ䣬һѪƵģ׹أǹѵ졣
硭
˼״ʱһǻҵҪ

켱æסǣǿվ
أ
أ
ûסΣܵѪâȻͬһȭͷƵľֱϣӲҷɣƺ߲ϵͬʱŽѪ
ʱ죬ֱɳһ㣬ѪϵĳУǸûһ㻹֮
ʱߣʱҲ࣬ʱ죬ʱ׹أѪâĺХУʹ಻¶ƿҪɢƵģòԶط˿Ŀѣһ˫˫۾кƶҪ

˿̣ѪϵЦȴޱɲĴǽ޷֮ıʹŹ˷ܵ˼㡣
ʱʹ࣬Ҳļ֡
֮£Ȼȫûзʱ䣡΢תԪ׼ֵЩѪâ֮ʣᱻֱӴϣô˿̵ֱߵ˼㡭
ڣڱʹʮӺЩѪâʧˣǴʮ׵ĸ߿ռ׹£һ׹ڵأһδ̳˲֡
磡
ү
Զ˼ٶѾ˲ˣܵδǰСķ
ʱ죬𲻿ȫ˺ѪڸǱ䣬Ѿûˡ
ҪǣϢüΪ΢·ʱпܶһһ


1417 ֮䣬ı仯
ү
ʹһ˫ĿԳޱɱ⣡
үƴ
ŭѾָС͵ŭĳӯУȴٴϽʢת˲һεչѪ񻯡
޴ΣЯһؽǳѪϵķѪӰ˹ȥ
񽣡
˵Ĳ΢ţɿȴȫûһ㣬һֻѪӰ챨
ɱ㣡
ŭУֻÿ˫ֳֽɽѺһ߸Ծ𣬶޾Ŀ磬϶µĳǷѪӰնȥ
ʱܿռѷ֣ȫһնУĿֲƵȷΪˣ
С
ѪϼΪм˵
ۿſ񽣵ؽǷѪӰ϶ȻâһǼѪâֱֱĳ񽣶ȥ

ŭȲϣϽǼӿЩѪâ໥ٵĵƲļѪӰնȥ
ףеֶΣ
״ѪϵЩ죬ǲЩŨŨĲм
ţؽƽɲǣǷѪӰȻԭʧɿ񽣵Ĺȴȫ޷Ťת
ͬһʱ䣬ѪӰ˿һѪâ綾߰Ϯ
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˫۶ȻһУԥĻعؽѾΪһٶ٣ӦҲ㼰ʱնؽǵ߰Ѫâײһ𡭡
䣡
һ죬ܿռĲ˿񽣵һƺߣѪ֮ľ޴ξǲĵɶؽѪâĳֶ
ۡ
һѪ׹أһҡ֮źòסΡ
ؽɻصУ佣ϵĹâҲ˲١
ˣ
ʥصĿ񽣣ӵоˣ˵һ㻹֮ûУ
Ҫ֪Ѫ֮Ŀ񽣣ʵԺһЩѰʥ֮ȡ
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˿񽣺ѪϣȴǽĿ⻺ϣԸ⳼һ
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Ѫ⻰ط˲¶֮ɫ
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Ѫϼڼ˵ѾƿԼңĴ۷˵ԼҶȴҪСһЩ
ܹƽۣľͼطԼʸܷܷշĻôؽļƻЩޱȵ
ҲΪʲôһֱûôɱֵԭڣ
Ϳ񽣣ȴҪ
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⻰ȴǲٴγЦ
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ƽγңָѪӰҧŭ죬ǾҲҪɱ㣡
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ɱ
˺ԥĳ֣ƻ⼱ٶ˵ֹϷȹķȴΪЩδֻ֣Ǽߣ鼫Ϊѿ

˲ʶ̧٣ѪҲŭˡ
Ѫ˲ʢһ޴Ѫɫβϼ룬ȴٿӳһѪɫֱ֣Ϯȥ
ҵģ
ʵǿĶľͼ״
µ˲䣬ѪɫֱѾ

ʵĻʸܷܷ⧲һѪɫֻӣһʹԸٶȵɶ
ܷܷ
ƽǵֵѪɫֵķ֮ٷˣһ߶ѪɫֵĹϮ󣬱ٵ˻ʸܷܷߡ
ͬʱط磬ԼľͼҲܵѪɫֵĿֲϮǸ޷ȥĻʸܷܷ
ء
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һλᣡ
Ѫʱٴγǻ㲻ʶȤǾͱֱˣ
ɱǣҲԲͶ
ҪͶ̫ϱ𣡡
ҪɱɱĶôϻ
˺ԥĳȵޱȵļᶨûΪѪǿʵκ֮⣡
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ѪϺҧһ㣬ȻˣǾñǣȥ·
£ѪΪŨң·ܶȫѪɫռһ㣬ѪϵŭӯУǸоһּǿѹȣ·ѪҺתܵ˼ơ
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طȳ֣Ԫļת˺˽һƵĳѪϵķѪӰϮȥ
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ľͼСڶһۣҲǽط󣬺ԥȫ֡
Ȼôȫ֣ɱϾʵҲ̫һЩ¶ľͼҲʥһضѡ
أ
˵ĹϮ֮ȴѪɫֵķϯУȻϮֿǸԸٶȵɶ
һڿѪ׹֮󼸾ǿֱѾɫ԰ֽʮɵս´˿Ѿϵ߳ɣǵĹȴǸûиǷѪӰʲô̫Ӱ졭
ƾǣҲɱ
Ѫϲм֮ЩѪɫڿв趯һεѪʱпܶȥطʻ
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ʱǸһֱ㱻˵Ļʸܷܷڣ˷ŭѵٴγֱ֣Ȼ˶ľͼֵʱ΢˼֮⣬˾ٴ˵ĺȻˡ
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ģ
˾ŭѣȴҲףǵʵ¾ٶʮˣҲǷѪӰĶ֣

Ѫ֪Щ˾᳼Ѿûշ˼
ѪУѾ׼ɱ֣һʱϵĳһЩҪĴ۷ĳֹҵ̫ϳϣ½ܹɱǣҲʮ鷳
ʱܿռޱѹ֣Ѫɫһ㣬һʮĸܵΧıɱ
٣
ֽҪͷǷĸоһϢĿУ쾹ǻϱƽȵϢӿƮݳǲϷ裬ƱһƵġ
磿
ү
죿
ѪϵѪˣطǣ׷ױʱı仯ԵüΪ𾪡
ŴŴš
Ƭռ䣬ƷӿǷŴڵĿռѹ־ǵõ˼Ļ⡣
⡭
ѪһӴ˿״̬УǸоһǰδеΣ
ô£ôܻı仯
Ѫʮֲ⣬ʾ֭벻ô¡
У˭Ҳûע⵽ǣ֮ǰѪ˵쫷Īɽ飬ȴ¶һĨŨŨľɫϲá


1418 ĸŮ
硭
ƽѾɵе죬ޱȵĹʡ
ʱѾȴЩֵҵĽȫ֣ԼߵļҲǷ׷׽ˣ俿ķֻܵ˼ĳǼʱһЩ綼ֱӿѪˡ
Ƕ
ʱĪɽȻȵ
Īүү
طȼ⻰ҲǺԥ˵Īɽǿվ
Щǰ
żϵƣĪɽ鲻̾һںǸп
ʱ򣬿¶˼ᶨԡ
òϣЩǶΪܹ˳Ļȥĳɾ;Բ
Īүүôˣƽæʵ
ǡ
Īɽ鼸ѿڶȴڼ˵ĿУȴֺܿı졣
Īүүǿ˵ƽżĴߴٵ
Ҳ˵
Īɽ̾ҡҡͷǵԼǰɣ
Īүүɲ˵˵ӵǺǻطۣʵ
⡭ӦǺõİɣ
ĪɽԼҲǺܿ϶Ȼˣ͸˵ط⼸ˡ
ܾãİˣȴҲǿ˺ܶܶ࣡
ʸܷܷҧҧղܵķѾָ˲١
ǰѵѾˣ
ƽ˵ɻǲҽһ
ʸֱܷܷһ˵粻磬ѵܱ˲ɣ
ҡ
ƽ׼˵ʲôȴڻʸܷܷԲ¼æ졣
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Īɽ֣Ǿ￴Űɣ룬иʵģ
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Īɽһ˫˸ŵĹ˾һ׵ʲô˼ڵĺȴһĶĪɽ
ʱѪϣѪ粵Ѫ֮ҲЩ𾪣֮ǰƱһ˵죬һЩš
˭Ҳûע⵽ѪһŵľâԼ΢΢ճһ˻ߡ
ŴŴš
ӣһɸӿֲƴӿǵһת˲ǳռ䣬ڳûдﵽʥʵ˾ֱֳӹµĳ嶯
ʥʵ֮ҲǸо˼ǿѹƻ¶ҪһƵģһָΪѡ
Ҫ˵ɵģҲֻĪɽѪˡ
ʵĪɽѪϣ½һѪӰڴˣҲòڴ˴ıо˼ǿĳƿԳƿռֱǱȥƵģǷѪӰΧѪ⼱ټû˸ղŵ
һ̣Ƴؼףһǰδе
У
ѪϰһԲȥ
Ȼ֪ô£ôȥ¾Σˣ
һҪɱɱضǼĺ󻼣
˴ǷѪӰѾѹ˵ѪâٴӿȫУӿӵγһƽɫľ桭

һѿڶһ㣬ǷѪӰȻһѪ⣬ƴƿռһ㣬֮ӿУȻŰе֮ٶȥ
İ
һĻ·ط˶ʱѪҲһ
ΨĪɽƺԾԵüΪɣ
Ҫ磡
Ȼһ˲䣬һŮȻ
ʱ䣬ĿռһһСӰո֡
ŮӣһϮȹȹһƣ粻ʳ˼̻ŮٷһͷƮɵİ׷Ϊۡǳơ
һСŮȥֻ꣬һȹɰһ˫鶯Ĵ۾·˵Ƶģκ˼˶᲻֮⡣
ƶɩӣ
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ʲôʱƶɩӱôǿˣ
Ȼ
Īɽ쫷󽫵УƵĳ֣һʱ𾪵ѿڶ
㣡
˳ƣѪҲǾȲѣУȴ޾ĺɱ
صռУгƵĺȻ֣ѽɱ̫ϳ֮һҲʮа˾ŻˣĵѪʹҲɡ
ȹ龪ȣʱѪʹǷѪӰѪâĹѾͣˡ
Ϊƺĳ֣ӼҪɱľģԴ˷Ĺƿνǲ
ְ֡
۾һ˲ϢǰǼٶѪâȻһӣҲıȣ
һͷ׷Ϸ裬Ȼȶ
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ɣѪâĳʵ̫ǿˣҲ޷ͣ£
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衭
ԱߣСӿڵΣɵҲż
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СŮƵģһ˫Ȼҽޱ䣬ƿ˫ͫһڲת̣
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Ȼǡ
˵УĪɽȴŴͣӣţ
ƶ
һ˲䣬һبžԶȻ
ȻЩƣȴҲԵĲͬ
һֵɲǣܵһкƶͣǷѪӰѪâҲǲɵͣ
졭磡
һգ˫ˮŤͷ磬𣿡
ң
ͷղӿĿֲȫͬ˸˫͸¶ޱȵ⡣
ְְ֣֡ڻˣء㰡
СӶȻסǾҪʩչλ˫ͫһ˵컳У۾޾ˮ

ҲǽС§뻳УǷཱུϲ˲䣬СӣˣǰְֶԲס㣬Űְһͬô࣡
ءְְ֣֡
СӿѣˮҪǮƵȫֹס
ƴʱҲˮ鶯滨Žߵ˶г޾˼ࡣ
˺ˣ
ĺ󱳣ӵųƵͷһǣżͽҰɣҵʱ䲻࣡
磬㡭
Ҹĳ⻰ȴǶȻһ䡣
ʱûҲóֵģģҳĹʱһԶԶٷֿˣ
΢΢һЦƻУĿ⳯ѾָķѪӰȥǿհ嫵ĿⶸȻΧĿռȻݣּơ


1419 
Ȼı仯ڳ֮˵ĳ˳ƺĸŮ֮⣬ľɫһ䣬Ѫ֮Ҳˡ
ѪϵķѪӰ׵壬ΧѪⶼ˲١
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ǷѪӰһĿȴǺܿתȥٴα˲١
˵䣬ֻһȴǺȻһͨɫŵĺڹ⣬һ֪ȻǷ
֮ǰ޹ռУһ󣬷ֺȻͷϵģ
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Ļƿɫ֮ʱȴʱһԳ˼־ȣǺ
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Ϊʶط磬ʱͷɻġ
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طʼ磬Ҫ˵ʲô֮ʣԭƽȴǶȻֻ࣬öĤۣƺԵԪ޷ֹᴩԽһֱģôҵӶ鲻ԽһȻ˺ü¡
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ͷ۾ĵĲС֡
˵ֻİħȻѪϵķѪӰȴ־޴ϮǷѪӰϵѪⲻӿҲڳĲš
⵽ôӣ
Ѫϰѣľȥ˼ĳܿռ䶼֮𵴣һǰδеΣжȻ𡭡
Ȫ
»Ȫ
УûбԵˣȴһĿ¶֮ɫ
·𿴵һĻĻ޾λã޷԰Ρ㱼䣬ƿӱߵı˰ַ·˾֮ɾһУޱ֮С
΢һЩģȴֻгƺĸŮ
˵Ŀȴһֱϣȫǻ
ʱڰ֮ϣԷ裬һʱշȥ
ٷ޾𺳣
УôȥȻ¾Ҫ
Ѫϰ˵ţȴǶȻһǷѪӰԭ˲ٵѪٴδʢͬʵʰӿʱЩγһ໥ĳ
еֶΣҪֵҵΣ
ѪӰȻĶ΢΢ûͣµȴǶȻһʱֻ͵ش֮ǰѹ
ˣȫˣƶǣ
˶Ȼ
ȻЩ⣬ǺܿİԷ׷׺˿ȥͬʱҲǣС˺һЩȴվطǰֳȣԣƴ˿һıá
ɲǼ䣬ڼ˺Ĳˣ춸Ȼ˫һУȴٴμ˲٣֮ǰ˵ʱΧռļҲĻ۶ת˲γһռ֮гǷѪӰڵλüϮȥ
ŴŴš
ͬʵʰѪռ֮еĳ£ܿͱ֧飡
ǷѪӰνˣӿѪɿ㹥ҲѾܵһ˺
һѣ
ԵĲмıԹ˵ԸҴһЩ鷳ַ
û˵꣬еĲм֮ȴԽԣѪŭǳѪ֮ҲǷ׷ŭӯ
ϧ˿ֳʵȴҲЩܹȵ˵ģ
ѪǸѪӰҲ𲻵ʲô̫õĵֵá
ʱ仺ȥԽ߰ЩѪҲǱøӰ߲޷ʩչκιֶΣԼǼǺԷѪӰȥӿУǷѪӰռ֮еĽɱУܵ˼ľ
Ͼ˭֪ĹԵģ
ܣ
ôܺȻôǿ
㣬㵽˭Բ죡ܣ
ѪЩˣǷѪӰ˿ڲʮӵʱ䣬Ѫ⾹Ѿ˼㣬ֻһѪӰĻ¶Ҫȵֱ¶Ŀˡ
Ҳ˭
𣬻һаȵĻߡ
㡭
ѪӰݣȴٸ˵ʲôĻᡣٴһɲǣһĳ˷ϮʱܿռؿСϺХ
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Ѫɫ䣬־ʹ࣬ѪӰ϶ʱɢ֮ͼҪΧȥĹȫס⡭
ϾѪǿߡ
½һѪӰʹòֵֻ֮˵ǲóʹõˡ
֮˵ǿռ֮Ľף
֮һȷǴĻǷѪӰΣƺʹ඼֮ࡣ
ȻһĻȴǲûκεɫ仯
аЦȻͣĴ࣬һǺ֮ɳ漴ӡ˲䣬ڷɵǷѪӰϿյ˲䣬һģĻ˵չֳ˸һģһϵӿУγһͼǷѪӰ֮λ
ѪϼһĻΪĲǷѪӰ֮Ӹӿٶȡ
ȻȴһЦ˫ͬʱӡٴμǰ˸漴ȴǼٷγһɫâǵģϲǷѪӰΧ
ţĿһݣȵ


1420 

һȣǰ˸ɫķȻֹͣÿһﶼռ˰ԵĲͬλͬʱɢĵĹâܿռĹУʱ
ã
Ѫϸû뵽֮ȴﰵ
Ǳڲͷֵ֮ܿռ֮еķѪӰҲڴʱֻΧռƱһһǰδеľ޴Ȼڴ˷ǷѪӰϮȥ
ŴŴš
ܿռǿռѷ춼Ƶġ
ǷѪӰϵسΧζʼն޷ӳķΧͬǱһվ޷һ
Ҫǣ˲䣬ڱŸֹƽ֣ǷѪӰܶһȴ㲻ټ֮ǰĿ֮УԺΪһ󷨵ʹǱסӵķѪӰһֱĸо
ôȻôǿˣ
ƽɻѡ
֮ǰǷѪӰǿģʵĪɽĪүҲ֡
ǷѪӰȴ˵ûʲô֮˭ţ
ƶɩӣ
һתȴܵߣֱ۽ƶɩӣǣ⵽ô£òã
Ժǻ֪ģ
΢΢һЦȴǴĿڣΪҰְŶְأ
Сӡ
еΪԺĻ۲ЦãСӷཱུСûĵְ֪ˣСӣɲԸ߹ùãְֵô°
ԣ
СӺʹҡҡԴ۶ʱһͣǲ֪ȥӻˡ
۶
Ťͷۣڿ񽣣ط磬ƽľͼԼϷȹӹӯӯЦҲö룡飬ԺԻף
Ŷã
˳ƵĻ˷׷׵ͷȻԾɳ޾ɻ󣬵ȴҲԹԵĲٶˡ
ʱڰе죬ȴǶȻ۾һУ˫ӡͬʱϢٵעǰİУ󷨵һ˲ٴεõ˼
ڵķѪӰʱϵѪѾ͵㣬ȻԾɿȥֻһѪӰȴԵĸоѪϵѾǿҪŲȥˡ
ϾڣӰǰ˸λһֱӿǿƣƣӦʮֲ
ֵܹڣѾǼΪˡ
ϾֻһҲֻܼ򵥵һЩܾ֮߱ȫʵ
Ҫˣ
Ƽľٶ¶˼ΪõЦݡ
仰ҲΪ֮һ㶣һעǰ󷨵ı仯ʮڴ
Ȼڽһ˲䣬һӡȻȵ𣡡
ŴŴš
ʱǿӿǰǿٵתڸֹȫչ֣ǷѪӰֻһ㣬Ѿ˼ѪǳʧһдѪӰڲϵš
ֻϧʼն޷󷨵Ĺ
ϡ
治ԶѪ֮˼һĻһ׷ɫ䣬ǽҪǰķȥ
סǣ
طǺԥĳֱЩѪ֮ǰһսƺٴչ
ȻʱͻأһҺ𣬽˵עȫ˹ȥ
ʱǰѾ쳷Ϊĺ·ɻصУ֮ǰڵķѪӰȴѪⲻ٣һĨѪӰҲ˼㣬һ͸֮Уʱɢؼһ
ϡ
һĻЩѪ֮˸Ϊŭ
ΪѪϸŮѪȴҲĨѪӰԣֵĵ常ôˣ
죬һҪɱ㣡
ȻѪȴδشĻʹ಻ѵĳ
ãҵţ
ʼ磬еĺﻮһ߱պáĨаЦʮԡ
ãܺãɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
ôһ仰ĨѪӰҲֲסĳʧѪ֮һɫֱѿ˼㡣
常
ѪҲ˪ȴһĨɫɫʱ֮ǰһƵ죬̾վ
ߣ
Ѫ粺촽΢
ߣ
Ѫ֮ˣһ㶡
ǲԼϵķ𣿾ôֱӻȥ
ôٵĻˣѪɫһ
ΪǵĶ𣿻ߣ
Ѫ粵Щ٣ЩѪ֮˷Ӧȴɫ˲䣬Ѫ粵Ĵת㳯Զٷȥ
׷
֪˭һ죬Լ֮⣬˰ǷڶѸٳЩѪ֮׷ȥ
ʥأľͼʥһأټϿʥأȳ嵽ЩѪ֮еģһҵĻսٴչ
ط磬ƽԼʸܷܷҲǺܿС
ȻԷԾڼʱΪǷѪӰԵʣȫͬնڵηط׷ɱڿ񽣣Լľͼʥ֮˵ǿУʱ䣬ѾкüѪ֮˵
ǿߣ
Ѫ͵ػعֱطǰĽ̺һ˿ᶨ
١
ЩѪ֮˼״׷פ㡣
ǿߣ
Ѫٴһǳֺܿʥսһ𣬲赲طȼ˵׷ɱ
˵ȫѪƾʵǵסЩѪ֮˴ȥ˼ᡣ
Ѫ粵ԸУЩҲټ֣һԵʩչ˼£Ǻܿĳʧ˵СѪûм赲Ҫ׷ȥЩҲǲܵˡ
ɱŮˣ
طŭһкѪɱȥ
ڵѪʥأԳ֣ܹ֮߳ǰصʵطֱٷ֮ٵʵҲ֡
ϡ
ء
ԼȭߵѪʮɵڼշתŲûһ֮С
طǣѪ粲δĳַ֣֮ôҶΪܣ
ˣ
ʱȻ
ԶһͣѪҲηһЩ
硭
򲢼ǣֵ죬ԼмС
ߣ
쵭İ˰֣˵
ʲô
Щ죬ƺŹѪ粡
˵ߣ
ظһ飬ֹı˱ͷ
Ѫһ죬δԵתߣӼѾ뿪
ʮֲʵѪ뿪ķڸǲĽ
硭
ʱƾȻ𣬼˻ͷȥһɫ䡣
ˣε˳ƵĻУ


1421 Ժ죬;
ѪԼЩʣµѪ֮˶ˣ쾹Ȼ˹ȥǴôҲû뵽ģ
ƶɩӣô£
ʮֵǡ
ҸطϢһ£
ҡҡͷŻȥ쳯Աȥ棬С֣ƺڵʹȥƵġ
˴ӵһ𣬺ܿ׿һСĽڵϣͷ˯ԼĴϣǷģûµģ
ɩӣΪʲôȻιȥǲǺ֮ǰЩ仯йأʸܷܷʵ
һеģ
֮ǰΣͷĹŹֱ仯˶ȴֲ⡣
Ǵ֪ܹд˱仯ģ
ȻҪ˵ģҲֻгƺĸŮˡ
֮ʣȴͨǺָǰԼΪһȪԼǸǰŻģ
ΪûʱǰڽΣ֮Ҳٴ˯ڽǷĻָǾҪԼˡ
ҲΪ󣬲ŻֻʥʵӸֲסֻ˯ԻԼָ
ҲǳƱ֤˵ûµԭڣ
ı仯εԭԼΪʲôôǰʲôˣһеһжϵܣȼλ֮ʱҲԲ͸¶֡
ҵǣԼҲָ˲ּ䣬ټ֪ľݣ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ڳҪģػ죬һֱȵһž۵ӣ
ʱԻʸܷܷʻԼΧ˺Ŀ⣬Ʋδȥӽֻͣ˵˼㲻ٶԣЩҲȻöʣϾ˭Լܣ
ǿϾûоռǹҲΪƶΪʲôڳƺȻҲǴһɻ
΢΢һЦֻ˵һߵĽڣͬδϸ͡
ѲҪǣΪоļָתֱ˲ƹģ
Ҫô˵Ļôֽһ⣬ʱƻĲҿ϶ԼһܹеһжȥϾǰǾԲܱ¶ģԼתһǰ¶ؽȥɹĻ
ƶɩӣʲôʱѣƽٴʵ
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ͿǵˣǵЩʲôҲⰲţ
ЦЦֵˣǼղŵսҲܵһˣھ˰ɣǻ
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ץС֣ڻʱ򣡹Ůְһģ
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Сӡ
ԼŮƳĸ˸Դȴһ̾
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ˣ磡Ѿʱˣ
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ðɣ
Ժ֮ɫڳǿУǾ׷ʣ͵ǳƹ˴һҲһ

طǻָòˣ׼һ·ĪɽȴǴ쫷磬ȴѪ±ܵ˿뿪˵ҪúõĻȥʣҪ֪쫷ڵ׻˶Ѫ֮ˣ
Ҳ˲ˡ
˵ǳʱûк飬ԼôкΪ˲ǵģҲֻܾȥ
ԴˣҲûжԡ
оڵΣأѪϵһѪӰ˭ұ֤ķѪӰ֣ң˵Ѿв߳ɵļѪ»򰵵ƿأĸŮʲô⣬Ǻڶˣ
Ϸȹ·£һȴǲδżȥϷȣٶ΢һЩ
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ôãһЩˣ
ƽӣЦųȥٺԵ磬ҪŪһЩտ
ǰһӣм䲻ľ¥ǾϢϢ轨
ۣ
˷Ļԥĵͷкһͬӿ˲ƽǺЩԹȫ޶á
տ
ΣǹŮûڣ˵ֲҲԵģտΪ
ܿ죬һ˱ǲ˷˵ӣûκͣٵľֱȥǼ¥
׼ȷ˵ⲻһ¥һ͵ꡣ
ôʱķ¶ޣȻϢһ죬Աʱûƿ˼ϷͬʱҲ׼Ʋˣȥúõϴһ裬¥´׼Է
ζȷҲ
˳ԵҲΪģֻԾһմģ˶ȻŵʱӰӾ¥һǰһ˽
˵㷳˰ôʲôǰȹŮӺǷŭĳǸ˵
𰡣ǿǴСһ𳤴أƤܺƺŮӵķŭЦɣͬǫǫһ㣬ҲԳ˼ֲʡ

ȹŮӣʸܷܷŮһۣʱֵߣ
ûŮ࣬ȴδı棬ҲԪڵʵҲǼΪˣ
ܷܷ۶
Ůٻʱɫһϲ첽˹ȺЦŴһкʸܷܷһͬӵһͬ׽Ƶģ
ǸӣڿŮò֮ʣ۾ٵһḬ̃ȴֻһţָֻܿǫǫӵӡ
˭ѽòġʸܷܷյϣЦŵ
ѽ˵ҺʲôϵûУ
ཿŵ˵ĺܣһֱҪңߺߣˣ
ǲŶ⻰ʸܷܷ۸Цѡ
ʱҲЦӣǽһλ𣿡


1422 ﲻһ
硭
еϷ֮⣬಻Ŷ˶Сš
λãƼģ
ӵǺзȵǰһ˹˹֣ҽܵ
ֻǣȼʮص·һָһȵ
Ͼǲžһս֮ǰĶƵĲӣټǱҲ̫зĴţҲЩƲǵԭ
ȻȻεĺܺãٴӱϿһֱǫǫģ
ԭƼҴ٣ҵʧ񰡣
΢΢һЦƼֻ˵еʵҲû̫ķϡ
磬Ҷˣ
Сӣ콿
ǺǡãǾ³Զƣ꣡
ЦĵҲĴӻнùԹԵĳȴ¶ԥǷѾԵķˣܲԸ
˵ʳΪƼҵĴүƽʱԹ˵ʣʣˣ
ΪֵĻģĻǺܿڳ벻ԣȫԼĿˡ
൹һ㶼ԵС춼ʱʱߵĻʸܷܷ˵һŮӶûУӵ²ʵġ
ȴǿ˼ӣѳԼ
΢΢ЦЦҲûȰ˵ʲôʼСղŵԥӣҲû˵
ֻһͰˣαΪ˸Լķأ
ܿ죬ԵĴűãѾСӣڨڨЦ磬ǲ𣿡
ԣ
û̧Ŷһ£Ц㿴ǶûԷˣǻܳʲô
ٺ١˼Ҳ̫˵ףǹǣߺߣ
ǲ˼ЦЦȻȴ춪һۡ
ǣ
ĻôܹǣѲɣŶˣ
ߺߣʦǵģߺߣ˭֪ûҵļһһθڶûУ
˵Żʱûĳߵĵһۣȫǲ
ҡ
˫һĨâȴֳЦɫ
ѽѽˣ
ֱӻִϵģҿɸ㰡ѾҵˣҲ˵ģҵͻ뿪Բԣ
˵˵ɡ
ĿЦãȴٴαϣ˵ˣһˣɱСŮƲ𣡺ߺߣ
ӡ
ʱЦŵô˵ģ˼ô㲻лл˼ңôô˼˵Ǹ
磬ҡ
Ҳû뵽ô˵ɵñ˱죬ջǹԹԵĳĺߺߵĵһǸ
ˣ١
Цģղ˵ǺӴСһ𳤴ģ
ǰ졭磡
ĵͷصƼһȻǡӵʦүүǼԱ߿һ̣СʱҾӵ
Ͽ̣Ŷԣԣ
һȻĵͷ
ϾϺ༴ŽʦͽˣҲҪԼ˽ģܲһֱ޹ռУĳɳҲΪ
̣Ҳð취֮һ
֮ôѡҲΪõĳɳ
㷳˵Щʲô˼ʱһС
಻˼䣬漴ƺûĵƵģʲôû˵һ㣬ߵĻʸܷܷ˵˴ʱҲǰţδ졣
˶ȴǱͬСƵĺ¥طϢˡ컹ע⵽Ŀɵһ˶֮ʱһĨһŵĲл֮ɫղš
ĻҶͼ죡
ܿ˶ĵĿһֱô࣬Ѿܹ治ɫ˵֮ʱȴҲû˿ʵ뷨ı¶
磬˵ԺҪǣʱǻʸܷܷ˵
үү˵ģڱϽӿڵƺڵ첻ͬƵġ
ã֪ˣ
֣ȻɫҲˣȥӿ䣬ȻȥϢ˰ɣ
ϣ
һЦŻʸܷܷ۵뿪ˡ
ȻҲ֪ʸܷܷƽľͼ֮¹ϵȻһֱǡߣһ·ѰңҲȷЩˣĻԥŮһͬ뿪

ļˣȴЩż
٣ǵȷЩˣҪȻ㿴
ðɣҲȥ
ƺҪһֱ࣬컰󣬱Ǻԥȥ˼䷿ɫǴһкԹԵ¥ȥ
Сӡ
Ĵ˾٣аЦ¶ȴδԣƽطԼľͼȴ̲סˣһ¶ŭɫ
ˣҲȥϢɣ
аЦŰڰ֣˶ٺֵˣӣȥһķλãһ£Ҷ
죬⡭
УֱܹӳƺֵģҲֻطһˡ
ϾطҲǰҵˣ˭үүԨүүأ
˵ط绹ĸɸ磡
ˣȥɣˣе⣡
ЦЦδ˵
ã
طҲʣͷǳ̨Ǳȥƽľͼһͬ¥ˡ
ڽ׻᲻ᷢĵ飬ûԤϣֻϣܹôҺúõ˯һ

ȻĵĻǶˣ
һҹʱ䶼ǳƽȥ
ڶһ磬𴲣Լϴ֮˴г緹
ôû߰㣿
ʱ򣬼ģɵЦȥǲ
ⲻΪ𣿡
ķ·˵ҴӦүүҪúչģ

ЩܲˣǽһҪչˣģҸܶˣҲܺһģ㲻Ҫپˣва

üô˵汻˾ܾ˭Щܲˡ
ˣȳԷɣ˵
ʱİ˰֣ߺߵϻʸܷܷҲæοƤܺߡ
ֻϧʱʱغ˵仰֮⣬˶Ǻǣھϰ˴ӵֺĵƴүＫΪˬҪǫǫӵģҲǿûбֻ˵ЩûģԽ˴˵ƷС
ĲǣҲ÷ǳʡ
Ҫĺһ𣬿½ҲȻᴦˮ֮С
󣬴ұ뿪¥򵥵СϹ˹䣬漴ǻ뿪
磬ҪȥĶ
յǰ·ûע⵽Щֱĸ첲ʵ


1423 ƼҵĿģ
ʱ΢ߵĺһЩ̬ȣ޵ҧҧ˫ֽ߬ȭͷ
΢΢ճһߣоһ˿޵ɱȻǴɢġ
ȴ޸оƵģֻЦԴ˵ôѲСʲô뷨
У
ཿŶ˶ţʦ˵ˣ˼һжģߺߣ磬㵽׸ʦʲôԻȻô㣿

⻰ֻ죬ԵҲǷ׷Ц˳ֻĵЦݼΪǿ
ЦʲôЦ
ཿѣɿֱۺ󣬱ܻػʸܷܷŮߣǲŮС֣ӵҲԳ˼ֿɰһ˫̰֮ɫԽ˼֡
ˣĵĸ߲ˣ
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1424 Ƽ𺣬Ѫ£ϣ
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1425 Ƽ𺣬Ѫ££
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1426 𺣬
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1427 Ƽұټϣ
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ע⵽Щֵı飬ɵʵ


1428 ϵ֮УƼܿ⣡
ղţ˵ƼҵʱüͷѾһ£ƺܲԸƼұ
ڣƼ˶һҴıüͷǽ컹۾п˲ٵ
˵ʵЩŹֵ̬ȣԵüΪ⣬Ҳ˸ղŵǾʻ
ҡû£
̾ҡҡͷ漴һǲģƼҸӣԥƬ̺ǳ˵СѣҿɲӦһ£Ƿһ飬Σ
ϣǸһ
ֱ˵˻һȴ÷ڵ˾һ
ȴ͵̧ͷϣǵ¶ŨŨ
ʦʲô
֣ܲĵѵŹǣ
ǰүүǶ
ʸܷܷҲ֮˵Ӳ㱻ĸ۸ˣƼҸҪԸأô뵽ҪŹǰ
ڳ˶ʾΪ⣬ȴüϣǲʲôԣУȫûҪģ
ݣ
Ļ𺲻ͷȻһֱڲ²үЩ⣬ɳûκη֣ԲŻȥ׷࣬һͻƿڣƼܹõүħԴͨ
֮ܶһ仰̰ǵĻ

ʻ̾̾û´Ļ֮ߣӦΪչƼҰɣĪǡƼҵĳλж
չƼң
ĻôҶЩЦ
˵ЦûǸֻǾ⼸췢ЦһЩ
ԣΪչƼҲ⾪ϿĻôƼҾȻҪԸϣ㲻Ǳˣ¾ũߵĹ£Ҳ˰ɣ
СΪλֲ²⣿֮ԣʵ
Ϊ϶Ըӵ֮ģ
쵭Ե˵ȻʦүүСģʣһλүү˵ԼŮ㱻۸ԸŹ˵ģǺǡϣ˵԰ɣ

ϿЦףԵС˵һҲƼҵĳһΪһҲ̱Ϊ˾Ҷ֮ǰչ˺Ƽң

Ƕʮİȴͷһգ۾ʦ˵ǼǸλϵ̣

ḧ˸ͷҪ̣ҲܻڣֻϧҴӦ̵黹ûƼҡվǱˣ
ɫȻ̾ѡ
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Сѣ֪ɷСС󣿡ϳȥǿ
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ֻħΪ飬ϵĿأȻΪ˵ǣҲԲټ
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СѿˣӦϷлŶԣЦ
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ţ
࿪ĵĵԴ漴գҪһɣҿҪúýأ
㣡
ʼ磬ͽĻ޲Ӧӣ

Ϣһҹڶһ磬ϺǴƼҸ뿪ˣȥѪȵƼС
¾һҹƼڵѪȴδٶ١
磬ʲô
ʸܷܷЩţһһȥЩɰħأ
Ǿǣ
Ҳͷﵽʬ壬ŶЩģҲ֪ʲôÿģ
ŮıԹ첻һݸ
ƽܿʸܷܷľͼҲʾ۱𼱣Ȼ϶ҲĿġ
Ȼ΢΢һЦЦǾƼΣ
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ƲƲ죬ĵүƼܿ⣡
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ǺһЦ°ͺƼѾˣĶﲻҪν
컰˵֮ʱʱӿڵνҪײҪٺ٣
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ҶЩطڣܿƼҵĺԺĳ䡣
էһκ⣬ȴ΢΢̳һߣ˺һЩ
Ŷ
ʱ΢˼ϸ۲һȴ˫ӡǽǺƱһռΧƵģԭĵطɢâ
ŹȥӣһӡĴǽǴȻһضڣһƬ˸֪ض쵽δ
ܿ棬߰ɣ
Цĳ֣漴һǵضڣҲæϣڣʲôΣգҲܹ
Ϊ¶ɣɲǰģ
ضͨûеۣҽû߶ԶԽԭÿʮңͻһҹǶʯϣټ֮İȫʮַģȻҲûκεأǵʮ˳롭
ӵʱ䣬ضҲŵʯÿһԼĪŰƽ״СôҿĲһۻǳĴ۷壬ô춼ǵһΣ͸˵ˡ


1429 ջ񣬰ٱ龧
Ƽǲȥˣ
ǰʯгֳһУʸܷܷ𾪵˵
ˣڶ𺳣
Ķ˵ǾƷΪҲٵĺöȴôҲ޷Ƽܿȣ
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ܿ죬˵Ŀ졣
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ٺ١ǾͲˣ
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ףû죬ܹҵܿڣȴҲܽ򿪣˳ߡ
֮콫ЩȫռΪУҲԲжģ
˵䣬˰ոԵȤʯ֮Уҵʯͬûκλ壬Ҳܿʮַİɣ
ҲǱǣ
˵ƻȷ˫۷Ź⣬õŵĴһ˷ܲѣֱٵԶϲĶȥĿţʸܷܷŮ໥ߴߴ˵ͣ쿴Ĳһݸ
ţ
ȻȴǺһǧýǲĲ˼£ƺּӡ
ֺȻ״춸Ȼԭפ㣬ʧһ㡣
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˾٣ȴ˶׷׳˹һ㿴ңģԵΪɻ󣬲ôȻ
ôˣ
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֣ȽȫߣȻȥٺúѡҪȻһȻֵʲô״ҲЩⰡ

һ⻰һ㶣ܿͶĵģ漴ԥĿʼѹ
ϾƼʮ֮˾ѪѪµٴλĻҲһ鷳
ϾƼܿڳڴǰĺöʵ̫ˣѪ֪ߺ뵽Ļܲģ

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ڳ֮ûвʶǧýģΣҲ֡

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عڰֵǶȱ˵Ҫ붨һ
˵꣬˿ڣֱϥ붨ǰٱ龧ǱУ˲ǽ뵽˹ž޲״̬
㿴ңޱ󣬵ȴҲû˵ʲôһĶŵĺһЩΨֻŵ붨
ڰǰЩȴҲ޷Ӱ쵽Ƕ˿̺Ȼĵǡ
Źȥ˼ʱ䣬˫ϿʼżΪӡǧýǰٱ龧ȴǺǰЩӡϵĴ֮У𽥱һ߲ʹâ֣𽥵ĳ䣬ôҾһֺ֮Ƶõ֮УǲĶ뵽˸Ե״̬
һĻҺû˿Ȼ֪ᾪȵأ


1430 ǧýĽף˵ң
ǰһĻ˵ǣȷôҶоޱȵ
Ե״̬ҲܵЩ߲ʹâӰ죬˶뵽ޱȿ״̬
޵ء
ʱһһĹȥΪߵ죬ȴǻ˫ۣһĨεϲá
Ϊеԭ
ǧýǰٱ龧Ϊһ塣
׼ȷ˵ٱ龧ǧýϵһǶǧýľ޴ã
Ϲʱڣ߱㱻룬ΪǧýһˣϹʥħʦַҲûǧýʵ
ٱ龧ĳ֣ǼǧýԣҲΪʲô֮ǰƼܿлǧý춯ԭˡ
ţǡ
ĿȻطȼϣ˶ƺٳմҲ޾ԵüΪ
ѵҲ˰ٱ龧Ӱ죿
ɲѵţȷ˴ҲκΣ֮ҲǺܿ±˫ۡ
Σڱ֮ǰȴٸԼΧһ磡
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㱼䣬ԺиֳϢ˫ӡԪƲҪǮƵļӿϵע뵽ǧýٱ龧УԵøΪ˲١
Ҳûн
ʱ䲻ϵţԪӿУǧýٱ龧·𻯳Һ̬Ƶģ߲ʹâ£Իٶ໥ںϣ𽥴ֽȻ̬ͬ𽥵ֳǧýģ
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СŽдҳԷڵ˶޷Ӧ
תֹۣȥһʱǴһӡ߲ʹâ·ʶһļɿ³ֵǧýУ֮ǰֳɫâǧý˿Ȼ߲ƣޱȹ̬֮
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ط磬ƽԼ˵ʱ뿪СҲδʡ
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ֵ󺺲ЦţҲһ۾ޱ̰·һ㣬Ȼȴûע⵽ɫԽѿ


1431 Ļˣ챦¥
һʱ䣬ڳ˵ĲЦ֮⣬
С椣үߣү֤ĺģ
ǳֵ󺺺̰ͷ촽һ˫̰Ŀڻʸܷܷǰ͹µϣƺ޲һֱ˹ȥԵ˶

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ġûˣ˿ɥ˵
ôðɣ
ʼ磬ģղ˵Ķְܷܷɣ
õģ磡
ʸܷܷ˶ʱͷǳ֮ǰŻشˣȴƴƵĳȥȻûܵſڣԸٶȵɶ飬׹غֻ΢˼£ǳʧȥ
ҡ⡭
ʣһ˼Щʱ־嵽˼㡣
ǺһЦĴ˵ļЦģ˵㻰ҾԻһ
лллл
˼ѣͷȴһתаЦֻϧֻܴԼ
˵䣬쳯ʸܷܷʹһɫʸܷܷʱϲЦտף
أ
ɱ˵ֱӴӴ˺֣һȭݺݺľ׵Ǵûл˾ֱڵϣκԡ
⡭
СҼҲЩ΢
ΪŹأ
û뵽ȴʹһ©
Сң
ǺһЦȥʰһ°ɣȥ챦¥˼Ҷôһݴǿɲ˼ģ԰ɣ
ԣԣһƾٷԸ
СһعӦŵ
кŻʸܷܷľͼ¥ظݣСٵʰʬ壬ɨصѪ˺һŵõϢʱ䡣
ڶ磬ڳ緹ʱʵСҰϺӽʲôʱ
Ӧǻɣϰ˵Ҫһ飬϶ܹģСæ¿ӣص
Ŷ
ͷŵǵȻС㻹Ǽ꣬ͼһ챦󣡡
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磬ҲҪȥ
үҲȥ
ʸܷܷ񽣼ͬʱڡ

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ʥûС
⻰СҲЦһ£Ԫʲô
ˣͰ˵İ죡
˵緹ˣ̴ŶľͼȥûʸܷܷĹ˹죬ȴҲΥ˼ֻ˵һҲԱˡ¥طСҺͿڷЦá


1432 챦֮У£
챦ȻҲ⾪ϣүӵĵ˺ü֣Ҳѹʱ򣬲δʲô챦ơ
ƼҵıԾûбϵ֪
ҶƼҵһ˶ûҲԲ뵽ƼѾ𣬱Ͼ⾪ϣƼҵʵһָģû˻뵽һҹ֮ʲôܹƼ
ͶľͼҲżӵڳ㻨˲Сʱʱ䣬ȥ챦ſڡ
챦ȷ⾪ĵ̣˸Ĳ֮⣬Ǹһ棬൱ĸ֮װҲʮִֵ̣Żӡ֤֡ۿ֮͡˵ҪȻôܻȥԸүأ
ֻϧ챦ôҲ뵽ȥһͷӵүӣһǿ߰ɣ
ȻĵӣҲô
ⲻϵԼ
ӭ٣
Ͷľͼ˲챦ڵʱ򣬱лӭ֪λ͹Ҫʲô챦󲻹ʲôУֻҪǮ
Ŷôãֵȿ
һЦľͼһͬУǻȴǲ¶ۼĳǲԶʹһɫٵһĨмȴֺܿЦݵĸľͼˡ
ߣƲϵĸǽһĸƷʲôħ༫ΪͨĸֲϵȵȣǱУ˼Ѽѡ
òϣƵƤӵҲʮֻϧҲֻʣһҪ˼ûС
ǸǲмĽƷ֮ʱƽ˺ܶࡣ
쵹ǷδƵģţһֱǻʵܲסˣǵ´뿪Ͷľͼһй䡣ĶҲܱ͵ߣضൣʲô
תۼ䣬Ѿ챦һ˽ʱʱ䣬ȻûеƷȴ˿ûб¶κҪҪ뷨
˷Ϊȴúüƶע⵽ˣɵöӴ˶ǵע⣬ֹҵģ
ơ
ֻ
͹٣ʲôҪһ˹
ҲҪնİɣʵ
Ȼ
ͦͦأǽ˵ֻҪǺö챦ûвյģ
Ŷô
ǺһЦ漴쵽УװǴӻȡһȭͷСĶ㿴ⶫֵǮ
һ˼ħ滹մ˲ٵǰ·϶ǡ
⡭
ǻ˫ͫһȴæָƽⲻмĵⲻһʯͷѣʲôֵǮģҿҺͿ͹ҲԵɡһʯͷô
һƽ𣿡۾Ź⡣
ƽ𣿿͹٣ذɣ
ƲƲ죬˵ĵȻˣ㿴ⶫĶֵһƽҿɸ㣬ⶼҿһԵķݶϣȻȥضҲֻʮ
ɣ
װʲôӣε˵ⶫǸòײõģôֵܲһӣ
Ǽ񵽵İɣ
ƺһƵģָָǰ˼ħϵڨڨһЦЩڶļæЩյǰСĵҪ㣬ȻǸһֺ죿
ˣЩԵֵϣٶʮ˵Ҫʮôӣռ˶Ƶġ
żô㰡
ɫĳľͼʹһɫ
ֵܣҪǻ߰ɣ
ľͼ֮ǰĻ˵˳˵˼һĵӣǸСǺҴСһ𳤴ģ϶Ǹ߼ۣ
ðɺðɣߣ
ҲԥתҪ뿪
λ
ʱӶ¥ݼһɫȹŮӣԼʮ꣬ҲΪһ˫۾ƺһĲת
£
ȹŮӣһļ챦ʱ
첻ɫȴżֳ
ҹǼ˿Ҳ֪µĴڣôҲû뵽Ȼһ
һŮˣܹΪ챦Ĺ£ƾһ֪ԲһƲ硣
λ
ߵǸʱǽܵλ챦£챦ʯͷ
˲ˣ
ҡԴ˼ħ뻳У˵ǻ߰ɣһʵ̫ˣǵ·Ѷأ
˵ţҪŶľͼ뿪
λȻˣͶһûҿ˵ѾǰЦЦӯӯĺ˸żΪõĹâ
ƺΧٿ˶׷׳ȥ
ҲżֳԵӣֽǰ˼ħӻȡ˳ԥĵݵµϡ
һ˫֣¾κζ˷衣
˼ħ֣µͷϸؿһ飬ûע⵽Ǵһŵľâ
̧ͷµ»ָ˺Ц⣬λɡҼλҲǷ糾Ͷ챦һѣҳӣô
ۣ
һûǮӣ˫۷Ź⣬ôࣿǡǡ
漴һתȴ̽Եĵܲܶһ㣿Ǹģ
һ㣿֪λҪ٣Цʵ
ĵҲһ˿м
硭
һЦָ챦תһȦ
ľͼڣһʱ˶˼⡭ɲ֮ǰݣ
ѣʲô˼΢ʵ
ҵ˼˵̺еĶôٺЦ
˻һڳ˶ɫһ䣬ڵĻǣԼٵĿ˶׷׳˹
¸ЦȥЦѣڿЦɣϣ˵һ㣬ûӿڳ
ôѵͲ𣿡
ʼ磬ָеİ˼ħЦҾⶫֵЩ㹻ˣ
רŹҵİɣ
һĪǣΪ챦۸
µĻڳĻ֮⣬߳ʮˣӦ챦ĻܿǽľͼΧ
Ҫ˶۸𣿡
컷ΧҲװûӣЦһ𣿼ȻǲԸ⣬ǰѶң̾߱ǣ
ߣ
⻰»ΪˣЦŵѹ£ѵôˣ
ʲôˣ
칣ŲӣǾһֵܵİ˼ħô˵¶Īǻ浱Ǹû𣿡
һӣ˼ħ
ĻΧ۹ЩǶʱһȻ
ȴһҪ˵˽챦İ˼ħ͵ߣԲѣˣ£


1433 ȽĿ־壬ң
µĻʮ׷ĦȭƵĳľͼȥ֮ǰѾ˰Χǣƺ˿ϵһ㣬׸
ͬʱҲǳΧӯӯǷλ˼СҪһЩ飬λ뿪п˵ĻѶۣ
Ϊ챦⾪ϵĵλѰʱƼҶȥ鷳ټָҵĻѴۣһЩҲǷ׷Цźܿ뿪ˡ
ֻǣ֮ǰԾǶͶľͼָָ㣬˵С͵飬Ͼ챦ĵλ˵ڴҿΪһŰ˼ħȥˡ
ܿ죬챦һֻʣ죬ľͼԼ챦֮ˡ
λȥģ
µ˲ϣλʶȤһ㣬ҪǶ֣
£±ǵȳȥƺҲͶľͼϡ
ߣȥȥ
һľͼһͬ涼Щ棬һѺͷ˵ĸо
ԺУʱ˸¶һ£ҲЩȫռݣס뿪·ߡ
ȻҪ˵ˣľͼߣҲûжѶȣ
Щʵ߲ԪڣȻȫԪʥصĶľͼ˵Ҳֻ˵Щˡ
µʵǿһЩȴҲֻԪڶѣ
ô̰
컷һΧǺ˸źâ£ЦôĪڻҪ˵ǰ˼ħǵĲɣ
ڣҵ𣿡
°СŰ˼ħЦЦĵ˵˵ɣʲôǹҵģòϣǺôĵӰ֪ʲôطɣ
ǲֻ߶ѣ
ʼ磬˵ܱĳЩ˺һЩΪ⣬Ȼ¼Ĺɱˣ£˵԰ɣ
ţĻ¶ʱһУǾʲôˣ
˵أ
üëһǻһĨаЦĻߡ
֣ǣ
½һԥİַԸ
ǣ
Χ챦Ƿ׷һӵϣ΢վһЩ˫ֻǰЦѵǰһĻ
ȴЩ΢ƻ϶ûܳɹȻôܻᱻ
ͼ磬ȥҿͻ֮ĽչΧʮˣ˿Ϊĳľͼ˵
ã
ľͼЦЦûʹõľֱЩ˳˹ȥ
죬΢˺һЩаЦ
أ
ľͼĳʮѸͣȻȲ񽣣ȴҲԾɸһּΪ񱩵ĸо
ԷЩʵߵĲԪڣڶľͼǽȫĹУǺܿƳΪһͷͷƵģɶľͼͷͻȺŰ

ʱ䣬ֲҺϣµøΪ
ĻҲǷ׷׳ľͼӿȥͼҪ˶ƻʤֻϧǳ˵Σ
ûκЧûܹľͼȥʲôʵԵ˺Ǳ˵صԽԽ࡭
Ƿ
һ䣬漴ζȻһ⣬ڵλֱϮȥ
۲һΪкܴܲǶľͼĶ֣Ϊܴѡ죬ǱȶľͼΪݣȻȻҲ쵱˸׶ԸĶ
ֻҪܹץסδزöľͼͶ
ֻϧ뷨ãȴѰ·
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ¶˲Ѿע⵽˵˿κεĻҡ
ʹŹǵĶľͼҲǼΪмƲƲ죬Ԫڶѣȥ͵Ϯ죿
ȴûע⵽Щμ˸ѾԽԽʯ֮ƺֵܹ龰Ȼڼӽ˲䣬ȴ͵һһǿĳ˲չֿ

ɲǣǲŵһԸٶȵɶ
Ӹܿƣײ֮ǰӣַɳüײſͣ¡
ʱǱߵսҲͣˡ
ľͼ߻صߣ٣ûʲôսԣЩȻʵǿ޷ķӣ
ˣ˵һеĴ򣡡
֣Ҳûȫصʮ챦ĿܿǰվѿϣаЦ
˵˵ɣʲô֣쵭ʵ
ҽȽ
²Ƶػصòֻ㲻
Ƚ
ظһ£ľͼһͬߵǰ㣬Ӧôɣ
ףףֻҪ֪ģһʵѸ棡
ȽµĲС
ʮľͼȫȫһ͵Ϯ쾹û֣㽫˻ȥǿ޷ֿʱȽҲܵ˼𵴣ʹĺܡ
ڣ֪ԼǵǿУôȽʲôʸΪ챦Ĺأ
ܺã
΢΢һЦ׵һ⣬챦ϰ徿ʲôˣô֪ƼѾ飿
ʲôƼұˣ
⻰Ƚʱȵ
һδװȻȷǲ֪ġ
ţ
üͷһ壬㲻֪ôΪʲôô϶ƼҲҹ飿
ϰ˵İĲֻǰϰķԸ°ˣȽæ˵»شºһ
ôϰ嵽˭ٴʵ
ǡǡ
Ƚԥ˵벻˵֮䲻ơ
ô˵
΢΢ҷȰñˣȻĲִݻ
˵䣬ƶȻǣ˲ѹȵȽ䣬üΪƵġ
񿴵Ľ٣ԼСʱߡ
˵˵
Ƚæ챦ĻϰңҡҲҵˣ
ң
Զʱ˵ĿԼҵңҴүΪ
ǣǵģ
Ƚͷ۾
٣֪ңľͼԱʵ
ţ
ף˶ٺֳȽʵղ˵Ҳҵˣʲôݣ챦ϰҵʲôˣ
ձ֣Ĺùã챦ϰ壬Ӧ˵Ҵ磬Ҳμ򣡡ȽֱӻصЩƹˤ̬ȡ
ֲáֲһֱ챦ƼҶǣ
³һ漴ĿֱɭһЩڶ⣬ң챦ǲѾͶѪ£
Ĳ
Ƚҡҡͷ˵ãҶҵһӦ岻֣һֱҶסߣҵҲֻ


1434 粸ϵȥң
ȽĻ˫΢΢УϣҪֱû˵ѡ
ջѡȽ˵Ϊеַŭ˼ٵģ
۾Ĵ
ʵʥأȽԪڶѣȾ޴ʵ࣬ôƭأ
ܺͻأʵ
ǡ
Ƚͷ漴ȴ͵ɫһ䣬Ҫ˵ʲô֮ʣܵЦЦȽȴε̾һ㵽ʲôˣ
ʲô㲻ùܣ
֣ЩڵϵĻǣĵǶԼˣ
ǣ
Ȼôʲô˼ȽǺʹĵͷ˵Щ챦󣬰ǣֻϧ
Ļδ˵꣬Ȼȴ˼Ǿ˾ȻǶľͼĶ֮ĸпˡ
뽫ȡ֮Ϊ֮𣿡ЦǺǵʵ
ɣ·˵ԷԵʲô֮ġ
ȽȴɫȻ˲䣬æŵĿ˿Χ㵽ʲô˼
ܼ򵥣
ʼ磬ļǿ԰㣡
ңΪʲôңȽʵ
ΪҲҪԸң׼ȷ˵Ӧҵҵһ£˵
ȻˣΪʲôɴཫֱˣ
ȽʵȻҲ֪ǵʲô·غܲ򵥣ȻԼҵĸӹȴ㲻̫ǿ㲻ңѵ㲻ȥƿأΪʲôҪѡң
һĻȽ˵һ˫ɻͲ⡣
㲻ضЩ
˰֣ԵֻҪشң뻹ǲ룿
ҡ
Ƚ죬һ׵룡
ⲻˣ
ǺһЦ漴һЩԪЩڵϵۿɼٶȲϻָȽ𾪵£˵ղǸļǿŰ˼ħҲԼţϣֵΣȻôҲװɣ
ҡף
վȴһǾǣȽ˵ͷ
סҽʲôʱȥܻȥ⣬ЩҲռ˲ٹҵɣȫңͬԸһ˵
ã
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ˣ
򵥵ķһ£Ϣ⣬ԼĴҪȥЩ飡
˵꣬ͶľͼתߣȽվǶþûж
ȽôҲ벻龹Ȼֱ仯ѡ졣
٣һֱʵֵĿܣ

Ϊҵ飬⾪֮ͣá
ڼ䣬Ҳȥ۲һȽǷͨ籨ŵľٶĲִݻȽֱɱ
Ĺ۲쿴ȽӦҪվһߡ
ٴڿδκ쳣
ȻҲףȽˣǶԸδ֮ʱҲضû侮ʯ
Ȼãȴɾţ
ΪʲôҪ֮ͣãҲδӽͣ˵Ⱥط磬ƽԼ˳ɹͻʥһ⣬ҲֻǸߴҵһ˵ĵȻǰҡ
ˣʲôˣ
ȻȵˡգںԺ֮ʱСҴˡ
Ŷû
粵ʵȻӵĵԪںȻԪڣԽһľ硣
ⷽ粵ʾԲκˣй֮

粼죬ʱǷ
粲ض񣡡
ЦǺǵİ֣漴ֺƽ΢΢һЦ
ϾǰаɷģҲİ˷ټȴҲԽϤ
粰֪ҽϹʲô𣿡ЦǺǵʵ
û´ĻӦйذɣ
粻صһĨεķŭơ

ЦЦ粣Ǿ˳ҵ⣡֪Ƚˣ
Ƚ
Ļ΢һ㶣̽Եʵ˵ĿȽ
ȽǷţͷʵ
Ӧòɣ֪ȽͣҲȽ磬ҰĵҪ䶯ֶţھľͲˣǻص
ãˣǾ͵ȥϢһգǱȥң
İ
磬ҲҪȥ˿ͻأĸ߾֣˵
ӣо㲻ͬ⣬Ҳ͵͵ȥ˼ֱЦá
үȴḧ˸룬ԵСѣǿԵĻһɣ
ʦã
ʱϲЦտүӵĸ첲ǵС°ͣ磬ʦҲͬˣò᲻ȥɣ
ãǾһ𣡡
һӣǳ󻰿Ҫ˵ǰ棡ȥҲȫһҪҵģȻڣҲҪѵ㣡
֪
಻ͷĻ˻С֣ѵĳ춪һۣʲôģҾԲ
Цһ£ôձȥң
£硭
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ϷȺһȥϷϢһգȻȥң˵
Ŷ
ƽͷʾףҲûʲô
ܿ죬ΪаɷڹϵΪĻʸܷܷ۱粴յһߴߴ˵ͣõʾ⣬ŮҲ챦ԼȽ齲˳Խм
ϾʲôϣܹԼµϵģ
첻˵ǶһһҲȷʮָж

һʱôȥ
ٳ֮ǰҲȥ챦Ƚһ棬ٴζһС
ڶһ磬ڳԹ緹֮󣬴ұ뿪˾̤ǰϷȺҵ·;
վ˵ϷҪ΢һЩŻ˵ȥϷ֮ԡ
ҲҿϷͬһ򣬲ȻȥһȦӡ
ȻѪʹɱѪϵķѪӰҲһȻѪ֮ĻԼ٣ȴһαǰ
˵Ѫ·ɱǼˣ´Ҳŵģ
һ·Ϊȫһʱ䣬µִϷȣõ˷輰¼ΪҵĻӭ
ǷѾ֮ǰǣЩڿǵĿУǳ޾羴֮⡣
ţϷϢһգڶұ̤ȥҵĵ·ֻȴ˷λϷȹ
ڷΪʲôҪһҲδʣӷἰ֮ʱҧг̬֮ҲԶٲ³һ


1435 ·壡
ң׼ȷ˵ӦұһƵĴڡ
ûƼҵ־򣬸ӵԼרأҲ֪ǲΪ̫ԵʣұռһѹĵطΪ·壡
·ұҲʮֲվҲ޷Լ۷ȡ
ɱϾԼҵĸӹУҲûʲôȥǡҲԽұ֮˵棬ֱѡ
磬ǰˣ
һƬУǰʮ￪·壬粵ҲüΪȻ
ţ
ףο粣ģаɷŵˣĳһᱨ
лл磡
촽ͷ·кΪԡ
Ϊ˾ԼĸˣԼΨһŮΪ˾ԼǱĺüͬʱ裬ȳһֱ粵ĵ·壬ĵ׵һɺԽʢ
޲ãһ̱㽫ҴүʬΣ
ߣȥݷðݷң
ۣǴ˼·ķȥ
ʮľ벻Զ˶ûйӿٶȣʮӺǵִ·ɽ¡
վסʲôˣ
ʱһҵ
粣˵ô죿Ťͷʵ
ɱ
ҧҧ˺κκøС
ãģ
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лл磡
ڵʵԪڣǶǼԪѣ˵κв
˵䣬粱ζȻһֱϮüҺͬʱǶʮ̲ϰĵڵϣȴûоʹ˷Źǵ˼
ٴ˸ɱӿ֣Ȼ˵ʮˣȴһһıʬ壬ֱ޷֮
ǸոհγûñѾõĶ
硭
ɱʮ˺߻ߡ
ţߣ
΢΢һЦ粵磬ڣĸ֮·ʽʼ
ţ
صͷЩķףкʮ㡣
ϣʸܷܷŮҲæչο粵ƽһЩǳɱУҲԿ粶Ǵֱɱ֮ģ
һ˼·ȥλϷȹҲԵɱȻ
ҵĶԹԹҲδʡϾУѾ졣
һ·󣬱һ֮˳ǰ
˭ôΪʲôûнӵ˵ı棿
ЩɫƵĶǣЩİˣǵıҲԳС
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ɱ
粶죬Щ˵ʵ֮ǰЩֶ࣬Ԫҡ
˿̵粶˵ͬһǾʾĶ⣬Ǹûκεֿãһνһ߾ʬ嵹ء
ˣ
ɱЩˣ»صߵʱ΢΢ճһаȵĻߣЦʲô񽣣һչ˺˶˶ҵɫ£
ǣ
˾Ӧŵ
ȴڵͷֺܿ˷Ե磬Ȼҳ԰ɣͻ֮һûܺúõԹ˲أ
Ҳǰ죬ǶԸ˵ˣٳֱǣطҲԵ
ƽȻû˵ʲôĦȭƵӣгֳ˷Ҳ˵һˡ
˲ƣ
һ£ǲʥõ𣿡
ڻȥ֮ǰļǵ˶ʥ򰡣
ѵ˵ôʱͻˣôܰ
ŷǾȵӣ˹һЦƽȴߵߣٺЦǲ˽ǰߣʲôǲܷģڣң۶зӸ綼ʥһˣܾȰɣ

û˵𾪵ƺҪˡ
ˣ
쳯ƽһۣҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴ֣ЦŴϵ٣ǿңҸҲʲôˣͽϷ룬ô
ããϷ룡
û뵽ƽľٶ÷ľɵҲǹЦϷ밡Ǻ˵ҲԼã
ڲˣΪʲôᱻ֮ΪһţϷʲôЦѵĵ
ʥز٣ȴʮˡ
˵ʥص죬Լʥ۷Ŀˣƽ⼸ˣȵϷ䣬Ѿܶˣ
ǷҪ죬һֱԥĵط
ȻѾӦ˺ֶԸѪ£ȴȻͬ
ȻȻȾҲһٰ֮ɡ
ৡ
˵ĵڣô·İɽ˷ٶʮ֮࣬ȻǱղ֮ǰʾġ
ǵϵʬ壬Ϊ׵һԪ֮ɫɭǣɱǣ
ǣ
ʹֱҡͷ΢ĿУֻ漴мƲƲ죬Ҳһ֣
Сӣ
еĲм֮⣬Щ˶ʱŭǳ
㲻ԣüëһ֮ʮ㡣
ι磬˵㻰
͵ǰһһۺ󣬺ǰĻΧ˫ֲĵһϰɣ
Ҳ
ң
طƽҲ֮վ˳˲һ˫˫۾սʮ㡣
Ϊ۵ˣľͼҪվȥȴǱһ˻ȥ֡šӶʱǲһݸ
ˣͼ磬õĵģ
ǺЦĶľͼļ˵ÿ۶ǵʵ
ľͼЦһ£ĺ˰
ȻȴĦȭƵ˷ܲѣЩ˹˹ָɣۣ
·ɱˣ
Ϊ׵Ԫ֮ɫ˼㣬Ľ̸Щͷķŭ̼
ֻּɳ˶֣ɸô˾þ޴衣
һϣɱǣ
˴һӣΧʮ˱ʱӿϣҪǶһơ
Ƿֿ
۳طƽʹһɫǰȥطƽֱߣͻɽһ㾶ֱĳȺ΢һЩ㹻ʩչռ䡣
Ǽ˵ɫƽԾɳɵ˶ȴǲϵ֣ﲻϴʲôͼ֮͡ĻֿţһǶֱӳȥˡǴˣǱǾͲö֪ˡ


1436 ұɱ
ΧĴɱ콫˫ֻǰĿʮƽϳ˵Ц֮
ԣ˿ں˶֮⣬ʸܷܷľͼԼȴĿŵţľͼǶ۵ĲѣʸܷܷҪ΢һЩϾƽĳһµġ
ƽʥҲûʸܷܷԺѡ
ڻȥʸĻؿ˵ѡƽǾûģ
˲ƣ˲ƣ
趨ۣƽԼط˵ľٶ߶ţǵӣһ㶼ǲͻƵģ˲Ƶƣʥص˿¶֮
ǵȻ
ʸܷܷ漴˵ͻ֮罫ľĸأֻҪܹһǾȫȻһأ
ԭˣ
ףǸ̾죬ֵ٣ȻѰˣϷҡҡ
˵ֱΪԥ
ȴ˼ˣȥϷȺϷ㲻ĻǺúģ쿴˷룬΢΢Ц˵
ãã
輤ѣͷ
Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ʵȴǿΪ
ܹõĳЩָ㣬Ҳض°빦Ч
ƽ⣬Լƽ׽ˣҲ˸ĸд
ĵѾ˾һҪú׷죡
ء

˵ĵڣƽԼط˵ĳֶұʮ˴ȥޱӰ죬ʮӵʱ䣬ȴһС
ҲΪ˸粱ǲδ֡
ֻǣϾǲͻʥһأ˲ľ飬ںܶ෽滹Բ㡣
ǿȥĻµΪֹҲֻʣɵˡ
Ȼ飬ʲô棬Ҫʱۻġ
ܹѾǳˡ
˿̣ǶΪ׵Ԫ֮ˣɫȴѿ˼㡣
ôȫʥ򣡡
аѣʮ֮ǰѾȫȻڡ
ʱһ˿ܵ˼
ԼֻսԵĳˣܻȥ֪ͨүֹõѡ
˴˾Ǿֱķ˻ȥٶʩչ˼£ܿʧ˵С
˵ܣȴʣһ˸ɽһû˼ȥ뷨ǲԼ
ɱ
ط˳ָΪѸͣСΧڵ˲ƣڵÿιȡһ˵ܹ˲ɡ
ʹ죬ʹ죡
˷ܲѵ˻ܵľͼߣ˷ܵĵͼ磬ûУҲʥŶ
ţ۶ˣ
ľͼϳЦɢǵΪ۲һմȾĻҳҸѡ
һߣʸܷܷҲƽֿĲѣĿǰʮ㡣
Ψط磬ȴǱʮƽ
Ҹε£һĨ
ŮѣʦＧõĵӣҲϵãӵ֮ĻաֻǣڻһֱڼõҲ֪Σطһ
Ǽ߰ɣ
ЦǺǵ˵һ䣬漴˼·ɽұȥطҲæǿнԻյѹĵף첽Ľϡ
ƺұ֮˵õϢҲѵԪ֮˿е֪һЩڽһ·ϣǾûܵκ谭Ϊ˳ĵִɽۣǵұҲӳ˴ҵ
粵Ϸߺ֮ΪԣСֽ߬ȭͷߵĻʸܷܷο޲óֱչɱ¾ˣ
ұ棬һھĴڡƽҲкܶұ֮һķʽɡ
ʱǲʱǰȴǺܿĳٶˣɿĽԼǶȫΧŴŴȴǻ߳ʮӰ
мһˣԼʮңʵԪڡ
ʮˣһȫԪڣȴֻǻ

ҧ˫ǸˣҲҴүϵɱӿ
߳
켱æһ̺Ԫ΢ƽһЩǲĽȴɡ
첻ɵ̾һ
ǽ첻ܸ粱Ļ±ضΪһħٶ֮죬в±߻ħ³ΪˣɷˣΣ
˴۾ҲС
ʱû˵ʲôȴĿ⻷ˣǸ߰
漴վԺ粣ЦⲻǱӻϱ粰粣Ҫ𣿹

ʵ̲סˣǰһҧгݵŭڣҪΪ¼°ٶˣΪҸĸɣ
ô
ŵЦƾʥһصˣΪһŹ㣿ʵ㣬ץú֮ҲὫ͸ҵ£һ³
㡭㲻úҧҧһ˼԰ס
粣α˷ϻ
ʸܷܷ粵С֣ǽץסˣʱ㴦ãģڣܲˣ
ǣʱһ㱨𣡡Ҳ˵
ţ
ף³һЩҵƽһЩ
˿̣ȴۣɣ㸸ںδ
С˭
Ƴһ죬мĺߵʲôҸĶ£
˵ͨˣ
ʼ磬ĵȻˣǾͶְɣ
СӣôĿүҪʲô£ſЦ
ģңһ̣
΢΢˰֡
񽣣˶Լ֮˶׷վ˳ΧʮǵˣҲ˿ûκεǡ
ЩУʮڣһʥڣ
һ֣Ȼ΢鷳һ㣬˵ȴҲ㲻ʲô
һϣ
͵غȵ˶ȫɱˣҪ֪֪·ұɲʲôģ
ǣ
ΧӦŵߵʮҲȥһ࣬ܿһֱֳмֱϮȥ
Ȼ֪ˣԷʥ򣬵ν϶ҧıȥѹƶԷҲҪǣ
֣
һĻԵ
˻˼Ƿſȥɱ
ϾЩ˿϶ұĸֻ֣нɱˣŻĸֳ֣ʱҲԳ֣һ½׺ǧýΡ
ڵЩˣ˵ˣطҲֻѣ


1437 ѪȾ߸ʥ
ط磬ƽۣľͼʸܷܷܹһ֣ڱҪֵķ裬ȴǱ˻ȥ
Χٶ붯֣ƵȷΪˡ
˻ʸܷܷԪ֮⣬˾ʥжľͼʥء
ʮ֮󣬵ǵʵȴռһ浹ľ޴ƣ
սѸչֿ
ڣܿ㱻һĴɱ⣬˸һӣֱұĴǰɵ˶ȣƺʮ㡣
١
Щڡ
ʣΪʲô𣿡
ǺһЦϷ밡ȥκʲôڶʥ۷ˣֺαʱѵΪһûֵĻ᣿
˼˵ұڻи֣ʵ
Ȼ
ʼ磬ЦҿԼҵĸӹԼҵĲЯôʵȻ˶࣬ʵȴ˵ˣǾƼҶң˵и֣˵٣
˵öԣ
ͷҲٶ˵ļվ࣬ȫһϷģ
үү
ȻЩżУŤͷȥ˶ǲ֪Ϊλ˹ȥżأ
ô£
켱æʵɿȴǿɥҡͷҲ֪Ȼˣүﰳ
ã
ȥһ˶ӣȴҲֲ⡣
˶״ʮãûвԡ
Ӧû£
ɣȷһ˵
ðɣ֪ˣ
񽣿Цһ£ǲ˶ôվš
ȻһֱԼԼҵˣ˶ϾҲѪֵܣ
ǰԼ֮У˶Ҳǲب˵ȴǺ
ء
ܵĻսѾ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȡ
ط磬ƽۣľͼԼʸܷܷͬһ㣬Եʩչ˼£ʮڼȺвϴ󣬸ûܹκ˺
֮ǵĳȴʮѸͣ㲻һƵУȴڼ֮ҲöԷʧȥսʹ˱
ЩгֵĻкЩԪ˵ȴʲô
ʵԪڵĻʸܷܷҲûκεΪ䣬֮ʥʵ˸ԵþԻʸ˲ٵȤ
ܷܷۡƯأĽ
Ǻǣͦģ
ǺһЦ˿ҲĦȭƣҧź촽죬磬Ҳȥ
ȥɣ
ЦãλСģ޷ܾ
лл磡
õ׿ϣҲ֮Ȼսš
ĳҲǼΪ򵥣רŶԷ֣ԵüΪɡ
첻òϣȻһЩҲõүӵ洫ΪΨһ˵öַħޣҲͬȼˣ
ܹϹʱڴȻҲ϶Ƕصĵط
ĳ֣첻Цŵ˵ͷ
ļ룬ط绢ͬģҲЩұ֮˴ȥ˸Ӳҵɱ¾
ǡ֡ĸֵķԸУ˳ָӵ޼ɵΧԼ˾ǵˣҲȥĻ˺޹
ء
䡭
ֺϣʸܷܷŮǺΧ֮ǿӲӲ֮⣬ط磬ƽԼľͼڲϵʹ˲ƣЩ˸޷κηӦı㱻򵹣ʹ˶һʻ
ʮʱ䣬طǼ˵ȫУһ߾ʬ岻ϳ֣ЩʬѪǽ󲿷־ȫȾ죬и̱ǵѪȡ

ԶұǰŶȵɫֱѿ˼㡣
ȻŤͷ˵˵ֻʥ򣬶ֻʥһأҿ˵𣿡
ˣǸղ·ɽߵǸԪ֮ˡ
ŭĻҲ֪λش
Ȼٺˣ
ݺݵ˴һۣ߲ưǸôʶôֵģ

ЩûһӦòС
֪ҲЩ˵Ķ֣ԼҪˡ
үô죿ԱһС˵
Щ˶Ϊ˸Ǽ˱ģУղǸСӻҸףѵ͸г𣿡
ֻۣϧԴϴΡ֮󣬸һֱչδȻи׳֣Щ˺գ
ٵȵȰɣʵڲеĻֻȥǳˣ
Ļģ㡣
һԴ˭֮ĸףұ֮㿪ʼչֱڡ
ڶǳ֡ġǡǺˣѵ˵ұвٵʥ֣
һģ㣬ȻЩҲ
ڶģеġǡЩ֮һľǽһƺǡƵġ
ʱʱһһĹȥЩѾʣ˲ɣ˿̵ľȻѪԼֲ֫ϱۣܶ඼ɼ·𽫾Ⱦ׳Ƶġ
ط˾򣬶ұЩһͷͷ׵ûʲô֮
ģǽ첻ɱǣйͷ֮ޣ
ŭӯĴڷŭȴһĨһš
£Ȼһ֣һԪֱֱ뱤ڣүҪǳ֣Щ˻ôţ
˾٣Щ¶ϲɫһźѿı˲仺˲١

ͻأɫһݣȵ
ǣ
ԣȻ˼Ǹٻع飬ֻʣ²ɵˣԼصĲѪȡ
磬ôˣʸܷܷ˾ʵҲһĲ⡣
иˣܹӦģ
˰֣ӳұķȥ
ͬʱ񽣺ͷɫҲһЩ
˵ʵȻоһ˿ΣⲻòôΪ֮ӣ
һʥأʥأĸʥأ
۾΢΢ţǽ˵ʵ˵
ȻµɲǣȻұߵ˲Ƶĳǰ
˵ʵ˵ֺ
λ壡
ʱ˹漴ָǳλ֣Щȫ£
ƺưƵģĻֻǵͷһ˾룬Щʣµұ֮İʾз׷׼˿
ǿʵ
ε𾪣˵ʥغʥصˣĸʥеκһˣо˼ǿΣ
ڿȴ˫Ŀ˸˷ܵĻ棬ƺ޲һ̱ȥúЩ˽һ


1438 ֮ǧý
ˡ
ߵǰ߸ʥ˫΢΢У֪ΪΣ˴ĸоʮֲá
컹ΪѪ֮ˣϸϸһȴͬǶǵĹ졣
磬ô죿ƽʵɫΪѿǡǿ
үȥ
˸żΪսĹâ
ţ
һ£񽣼Ҫͻˣ
ã
ԣ˵ͷ
սȷͻƵĺܺ;Σʱ򣬸ܹɼĴ̼ӴͻƵĿܣ
ȻǰǱҪţȻ˾֮ǰͻƣΣ

ۣȥԣǼֲס˻
ã
񽣵ͷȻȥȷͦģȴǴޡ
磬ҪҲһϰɣ
ߣƽҲ
һϣһȥ
ûĶһۣʵ͵Ķʥأһ˳Ϳ԰ǸֱŪŲţΪͻƵʥ޵У
Դһ˿ĻԾԾԵļ˶ƽ
ȻλСܲĻǹԹԵزٶ˵
ȥɣ
ס˼ˣֳ񽣹Ƶļ򣬵ͣҲҪǿ
ģף
񽣵Դκԥĳǰȥ
ʱǶ˼ˣȴǲ¶ΪмЦݡ
֮ǰôҲһ֣ھȻֻһԵĻ߸Եʥ֣ⲻԼĲͷ
٣ֵ
ЩģϾ񽣵ʵֻʥ۷塣
ȴǺǺһЦ˰ֵŰɣȻһҪȥ϶Щյģ˵˻ƲĲˣ
˻Ȼȷʮţ˵ȴôҶɵѡ˾Ρ
죬ʸô˵
һһһ
񽣳ؽȽĳǰȥ
Ȼ𾪵ǣÿһܸߴαٴΰθһЩҲɢޱҫ۵Ľ⣬սٷһڳ˾𺳲ѡ
ǡ
ΪұΪԼҸӹԵʣҲټһЩԼ֮˵ϵѪĿ񻯡
ԣڼ־仯ʱһʱѾ˳
û뵽󺺾ȻԼҵˣ
Щ˸ĿƲ
ʱ߸ʥҲ˹ȥһԥĳڵλֱȥ
úãģ
״ȴǲ˷ؽǴ̤ӭȥ
ÿһ߳ƬغݺݵĲһ£ҺƵĸо
ϡ
գۼ䣬񽣱Ѿ߸ʥսһ
ǿĳĽ֮໥ɢò˶׷׺һЩ
ʥ۷Ŀ񽣽Ѫ֮ɱڸһ֮ʣȫûκ·磬ƾſ񻯺ߴռݵƣ˲ϵĽ񶷣Χ˾ǿľȲѡ
ߣڣǼ񽣳ֵģȻûôңȴҲǲܽܡ
ɷˣȴһƺӶҪƵģôҲţôһ󺺾Ȼλʥǿ˼սı£
Ҫ֪гĸʥ֮⣬ʥԼһذ
ʵóȥһͼˡ
ϡ
ء
սȴޱ˷ܵ£񽣾Ȼû·硣
Ȼȷض๥٣ɽθߴƣÿһεĹȴҲ˼Ӱ죬ۺ˵ȫʹáƽɫһݡ
񽣴˿̵ı֣˲֪˵°͡
Ȼȴ΢΢üͷ
˽񽣵һ񽣵ȷֵúܺãôȥĻ񽣱ضΪ߶ֲסһؽ롭
ڵĿ˵ҪľҪнļˣԼѹȫԸǿģܹ㼤սѰͻƵ
òϣͿ񽣵ȷϬӡ
Ϊĵʱ򣬿񽣱ˣ
Ȼ䣬һЩĽⶸȻӿǿĽϢ˵Ƹ˲۷塣

һȣ׹Ȼ⾺ը죡
ţÿ趯ؽǿĽ籩һϯĿֱָʵ͵ĸʥأ
ǿ
˽Ǿ̾ѡ
ڿ񽣵ĽӿУ·ضΪ֮ɫƴһĩռĸо
ûֱĽƣʵϲģǲͻʥһصطҲɫ˲䣬·϶ܵ˼𵴡
Щұ֮ʵһЩкüֱѪ

ٴһȣ̺űŭƳһ㣬űǿֲĽԽޱ׼ȷĸʥ֮˵ϡ
ءء
˱Ѿ˸񵲵ļƣڿǽȫıУֻüȻ˵ߵķһ㳯Եĺ󷽵ɶǿ³Ѫǻһ޵Ѫ磬ڳ˶һ
ֵܺǿ
迴Ĳսȭͷֻĳȣ·޲Ҳȥúõشսһ
û
񽣼Ѫ۵ˣâһζȻԭʧȳ֮ʱѾһ˵ǰ
ৡ
ؽռ˱ǽκη֮ıУͷһס

ڵѪһأֱҵ˼㣬۵ŮȻҲɱ˲ˣȴԾɲ߳ԱƫһЩ
ţ񽣵Ŀʥ֮ϡ
ϧʥһˣȴûٸʲôᣬεĹͣٳſλϮ
ҪѡȥɱʥصĻֻһҪԸֵϮһ˵˶ܵǰδеش
񽣣ĵȥɱ
һɲǣͻأȻһɿͷ󣬱оâһؽʥ֮Ϯȥ
ҪʲôˣһĻطʱɫľ
ҲһɫǶȴ¶ϲɫʥغ֮˵ļٳ񽣱ƽ·˿񽣱ŪĻ桭
ƽǶŤͷȥ̿һĻҪھȥԮҲˡ
ҲһɲǼ䣬ڶʥ֮˺֮ǰһڿ񽣵ؽն֮£˵ĹҲ漴ˡ

ƽ˾Ȼһ˲ֻϽһָȵǧý


1439 񽣵ͻƣ֣
ʮ׳Ľâͬ˲Ƶģӿֱӳ˿
ϣ
ɲǣâǽʥغһʥصйȫڿ񽣾ûܵһӰ졭
񽣹һЦǿҲ󣬼ʣµʥ֮Ϯȥ
ֻǣΪʱϵĲ࣬Ȼܵƺ͸ղűǿɱ˲࣬ҲָһЩԴʱǾǿʼûȥӲƴ
ȻЩƿɲôָܹģ
ǻָһ˿̿ǽȫĹϮȣҲһ㡣
ڶһȴǱץסᣬؽ϶ʱӿͬʵʰĽԹâγһ޴޽Ϊ֮ɫĺ˻У˾ӸµֱϮȥ
ꡭꡭ
ת˲䣬ֱնϵ촫
Ҿ徰ĲҺУ˵ڸԱն֮֮ǰһͷ롭
Ѫһأ͵Ѫľϣ˼Ѫȡ
һĻ˿֡
˭Ҳ벻ôǿУȻܹǿƵնɱˣ
ôô
ĵɴ۾š
ˣǱâô£ôȻֵģ
ǽʥ֮˱˺󣬱ʧľ޴âڵλãһ

ȻԼҴүĻΧ˸֪λش
Ǻһͬɶаͷԣ
һնɱĸʥ֮˺󣬿񽣺ܿתһʥغʥأͭС˫ĿͶޱȺս˷ܹâ
ϴ֮ȻԾʥ۷壬ȴҲһЩҲͻƵıԵ
ܹĽսһʮ֮˾ǿͻƳɹģ
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ǿžڵȥӲӣҲʮ鷳
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ڿԼȴ˵ļսзƽ˲١
ϵسһһεͻƣʼնҪ֮һߡ
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ٵȵȡ
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ɣ
ʱӦ漴ڿ񽣻ֵ֮Ϸ룬ȥ񽣻Ҳ̫ģһΧһ磡
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蹧Ӧŵ΢˺һЩҲӡܿΪģ⾺ڲһ󷨽磬赲Χ͸
ЩУʵԼ֮ϵΪҲûܹƿ
Ǽһʲô
ؿһУŭǵʲôȻ붨
ֻԼҪˡ
ޱݵĿ粣ֱΪֻΪ˸粱
ļˣòҪȻ֪ʲô
ȭͷâɡ
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һϣʲôȥ
û̧ͷһ۵ƾǼһҲѰ·ʵţУӣƽۣͼ磬ĸˣעǷܹʲôҪԼ컯ˣ֪𣿡
ã
ĻǷ׷׵ͷȻûἰȴҲһɫ¡
컺߳ͥŲһ㣬ϻһĨЦݡ
һֱǴӰƮ˽ǰͣ
˫ʵʰľâϣֱڣлΪϸĹ۲죬ԽֹŹ֮Уƺϵٵÿǡ
ˣܣ
ۣ˵һѪ֮ʱΣѪܡĸֳԺкӡһʧȥ


1440 Ԣս죬
ɱ
ߵԼ˽ǰʮ׿죬˺ԥıǳչ˹֮˾Уʥ֮˷ңƺҲʵ֮񽣸ǿǴ˷ԳޱĬϣ·ֲɱ㲻ͣµ˼
ҿˣ
쳯Զ˵һԭػʧǶ˵Ĺȫ˿մֻµĿռڲ
˲ƣ
ƽ˷׷ףúϸ
Ȼ˲ڶʹãܹɵģôǿ»ܹ˼ģҲͲôˡ
ſ
΢̺Ԫƽÿ˶ʮ
ʱ죬ȴǽ˸ÿһζɵĶ˵Ĺƣüο֮գҪ΢ôһᱻƵģƫƫȴԾԵôɣǽ˫ָ󣬺߶һûн˷С
ৡ
ĿռУʱʱңʱʱ£ͬһ㡣
ҵ˸ȴ˵ĹƶΪľǸƽǳֳһֻ棬ܷǹ۲򡭡
ڵܹʲô٣ǾҪԼˣ
ⷽ棬ﲻ̫ࡣ
ңط磬ƽԼͻʥҲǽĲ־ϸ֪ǣĽѧҲܹ໥ӡ֤Ķ֮ľͼ»ҪһЩ
Ա߳ǳɵ˶⣬ʸܷܷԼŮȻЩģ¶һЩУŶǽҲضһЩ°빦Ч
Ĳʮʱڣ˸ξûôͣСΧڵ˲ƻ߼ʩչ˼£Դ̵ʱʱһЩãƽ
˵ʹõĴҲΪ˲Щұĵˡ
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ʲôˣ
οʵȻҪ˶ǿ
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ȻϮǿĿռ֮ѹ¸ôԶĴҶ·оһǿҵϢһɫ䡣
ˣǻǼĿţⷬԢսľٶ˷ѡ
ҵǧý
ۣǼٱƽˣվԭؽŲҲӡȴٵ
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һߣĹϮȴʥ֮˲زѡ
Ѫ׹أ嶼ȱ˲٣׹ڵϺ㲻ǿɴڿǵսѾ½ʷ͵㣬ҡҡ׹ģҲܶκв
ףҲû
쵹Щʥ֮ˣܿǹճһаȵĻߣȻˣǾһ̣
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һ㣬ٴγֵʱѾ˵ǰǧýޱĺâ

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ֻһҺ漴ѪɽֻûëֱܿƵĴ˺ü
ܿ죬âʧ
ʥ֮˻ѾûһõĵطѪƵģüԿɭİ׹ǣ
¡
˺ܿ쵹أʹ˼º󣬳ױʬ壬κλĿܣ
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ЩһĿڿһ
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ʥأУѾǷǳʵˣ
쾹Ȼ˼򵥵Ľʥ֮ɱûʲôֱš
ô˵ǸʥҲĶˣ
ڶȻһһǰδеľĵɫѿ˼㡣
أ
ʱȴֽĿתƵһʥ֮˵ϡ
ǧýڽ֮ԣҲǳɱӣԪУȫγһԴѹŴľ棬ԷϾʵͣڶԸ˵ʱҲ鷳һЩ
ǣԷĹҲܸȥʲô̫˺
ϾʵҪǿ
ϡ
ء
˵ļսѾ˰Ȼĳ̶ȣΪ˽ԼԢս뷨ʵеףҲûѡ̫ǿĹƣƾٶԼСΧ˲ƣϵ˾š
ڼս֮ʱʱʱطǴ˵ʲôһĻǳ
ٲ٣
мѣڸᶨ׷뷨
ȻʱţұŴѾж־֮⳹ױϣԪʵӶŵý
ôôǿʲôˣΪʲôҪΪǸ˳ͷ
ҵ¸öã
һҪ˶ɱˣ᲻ɱң
ãǼ˿϶Ҫɱҵģ˼˵Ļ񲻾Σˣ
УұҪϽ뿪Ȼҡ
뵽ʱ򣬺ȻһȴһĪĴ˲ƽ˺ܶ࣬˫ҲǲչֳһĨΪľâ


1441 ǿնɱ䣡
ڣʱȫûע⵽˼ʥ֮˲ϵؼսţ˵ʱУʱ棬ֻͬһ㣬ڳ˶ǵľӰٶȼֱ쵽˼㡭
ֽ֮ڶƬոǲѣʮĿһռѷĲӡ
أ
춸ȻζסǧýȻ轫˵Ĺ񵲺ȴȭ޾ĺ磬ݺݺ˵ĸ
ƺһ⧲֮±ǹӷٺˣƺʹĶҪһȭ֭

Ʋˣ˫âһͬʱ˲ϣֱӷǧýĹתȭͷһȭһȭҹǼһˣҪȴָȲĳȭٶȣһȫΪɳƵģֻܲϱ򡭡
ÿҪ֮ʣȴȴǸ͵ȭͷ
һĻ˿ľĲѡ
ʣ˭һʥصľԸ֣ǱıʹŹ
һȭڻɶ˺ȭٶȴܿ찡ʮȭѾ˳ȥ¾һ˿һôۻ£ҲԻ˲ܵģ
챾ʵ֮˻ҪǿһЩټСΧ˲Ƶľʹãȫǽ˵˰ӶԴ顯ȭȭڽʮھͼûͣ¹
һߣطһ治촫Ľ̵һҲǶ˷ٶЩĿɿڴ֮УòͨԳֵΣȷ˺ܴջ񣬰λϷȹҲˡ
ˣʹ찡
Ȼ˿аЦȴǸ
棬ʥ֮ƺЩϰԵز϶ֱ۸֮٣˿ĲЦұ֮Ҳ¶Ц⡣
ĸˣе־֮ҲԽԡ
ʵ̫ǿˡ
֮ǰǺȻĴȻѾһеתܡ
𡭡
ͻأģʥ֮˷޺첻üͷһ壬ǲԶλСҲƺ뵽ʲôɵ¶ǿҵľɫֻϧҵעȫϣûܹı仯
⡭
üȴܿɱȻΣֻҪɱУҲȥˣԣȥɣ
£϶Ȼ񱩵Ʒӿ˲ڳ˶оһǿҵѹȣеǧýҲ죬ڲľٶһ
һһڰƣƬضܲסƵģϵؽţʱһ㡣
𼼡ս죡
𼼡裡
ȳʱһһֶǿȻһͬʵʰ쳹
ž
ŪֱĴ־ֵ˲䣬ǱŵôˤֱǱ˼㡭

վ߳ŭĲϰţֻú˶ڳЦƵģɱ࣡
ɱһҪɱ
ɱƽеĿ־嶼ȫȥƵģ޲ýֱʬΡ

ȴûע⵽Щ¾оɱ⣬Ҳϣ
쿴ȻԪڵʵ䱾ϲҲֻһӵܶѣûʲôطֵӣ
ʱ죬һ󣬱ǿǽͻʥ֮˵ķٷȥܿռĽƴһֻذܡ
²Ϊ칥Ŀ꣬ԼĲƽǶһǿҵ֮С
𡭡
ֲľٱƽʥ֮˴˿ƺԽ±ޱȿֲǲ˷׼Ӳ
䣬һ˫иͬħްĹâκԿԡ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼ۽棬ĿǿֲĽͻʥ֮˼ٱƽֻ÷·ԼĺҪͣƵģԵΪš
ȻҲо˶Էǿɵۣ⻹Ҹӵϣ
Ȼ䣬ɫΪȻ˫ֿٵӡһӰģƵģ˸ŪʲôȴеĸܵΧŸĿռ֮ٻơ
ת֮ת죡
ֻɲǼ䣬ٴȳΧƵĿռ֮籩һ㳯ǰϯȥƬʺݺݲһռѷ֣գ۱ǽʥ֮ΧĿռȫ
𡭡
Ҳ쵽һЩԣħްĺԽԣϧܿռ䱻ԵʣǸ޷ѣȥǿռѹԭֱͦļ׵
Ҳһ˲䣬ǽͻҲĽǰޱ͵ֱֱϣ
䣡
ɲǣֲĺը쿪ǿıըԴλΪģٳӶȥγһȦȦֲӲĽ˶󾺼ĵ˺һ㡭
˿Ŀ࣬һĽˣ½ǲӭôԳ֮С
̳ס˵ߣӸղֹƵıǸʥ֮׶༪ˣ
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״΢΢һߣӰл󣬱Ǿֱص˵С
磬̫ˣ
ʸܷܷǰһӵȴЦеĵ˵ܷܷŮܲף㿴ƽһ
ߺߣұһҸôˣ
ʸܷܷһ죬ȴǺܰĽ˵һ䣬ͷƽȥôӣ㲻ˣ
ûûУ
ƽҡͷôҿĲһݸ
һƬ֣Ц֮ĿʱǰȥҲǷ׷׸컺ǰҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǾ䶸

󷽣ͻأһƺߣҪʲô
ɫ˲䣬æŤͷȥ
ãŵĸѪɫ԰׵Ĳ亹䣬Աߣʸܷܷȴǲ֪ʲôԲѵ˶УŲӣá
Ҫǣ˶һ˫۾вκγմֳһֲ̬ķ
ſܷܷ
ƽҪȥ
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켱æס۳˶ȥ㲻˶
˶Ѳǰ˶ˣ
˶һ߿ŻʸܷܷǱȥһߵ˵ôû뵽ɣ


1442 ˶أ
˵ɣ㵽Ҫʲô
˶ϻʸܷܷΪʣѾߵߣƽʵ
˵ɫֱѿ˼㡣
˭Ҳû뵽ɵôõ˶ǵˣǿ񽣸Խܡ
ŸѪָɫ԰ײѵ˶ҧ㡭ΪʲôҪô
񽣣Ϣһ£
طͶľͼæȥΪˣҵǿ񽣵ʵͲȻ⧲˶Уȴδ˵ûʲô̫Σգ
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˶߰㵽Ҫʲôһ߱طͶľͼţһ߽Ĵ
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ִս֮ʱ˳ͻʥص˶û˿ķҲŻᵼ־֡
콫ιȥһﻹĻ᲻һеĳȥ˶ƴ
٣磩
ʱƽۣ࣬Լ˾ߵߣһɫѿ˼㡣
۸ֱָ˶˵˶ôĹ֪ܷܷ˭ĪΪܳܵסʸŭ𣿡
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ſܷܷ
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죬˵أ˶ȥ
硭
ƽ죬ȴ۾УãҿԴӦ㣡˵ڶɣ
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ǹճһߣ𾪵ĿУǻǰȥֲ˻ʸܷܷļƣ˶ԽԽԽԽ
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㡭ʲô˼˶ΪмôãҲ˽⡣
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硭
ƽǼˣֱ۵֣嵽ǰػͷһ֮ʣȴǱʲôû˵ȴɽ֡
죬㲻Ҫң˶Ŀڡ
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Цѣ͵Ӵ󣬺㶯ְҪǸѵүǶ͸Ҷԣ
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˶̼ԽķˣɽҪֵȴɫ׽סǻ±Ƶģ˵ɱʸܷܷˣڵ㶯һָܡ
׼ȷ˵ڳ۾գ˵֮⣬κһȫá
ⲻܣ
˶ˣƽȴǼæȥеĻʸܷܷ˶б˹͵һŷ˶ϣӲֱߵ£صͬʯͷһڳ˿Ķס
Լ֮⣬˭Ҳ㲻⵽ô¡
ôܳԾ𣿡
̧Ų˶ϣЦΪ㹻˽ҵĵƣҲΪھǶԸҵʱϧ㻹̫׳һЩΪһʼû㣿ǿڿ񽣵ϣΪһὫ£Σ
㣬㡭
ϵĳ˶Ļ䡣
ѾûвʱȴĽ붼֪ʲô
˭ҷ
ʱһȻ𣬽ҵĶĤۡ
ұ֮֮ȴһϲ֣Ǽؽеף
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ϲ׳أϲĵ
µȹϲأ
ұ֮ҲǷ׷׹
ʲôˣô£
ͷ󣬻ΧѪصľɫΪƵʵ


1443 Ҫн
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Ϊףβ֪ԼʲôӣԶĻҲֻ˲ɣΣǰһȴʵʵڵģ
ԼôԣҲԼ飬ʲôʱֵ˲֣˵ұǰ˵Ĵɱˣ
ҪǴȥ滹Ķţ

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1444 
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1445 ıˣ
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찵һæǺƲˣβƱһϮ˿ԵüΪǱ
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Ϊβı޴ȴʵ壬һֿռ֮ãʹλӰ֮ôܶ㲻ȥ
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1446 ǿռ䣡
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1447 ģ
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طЦ̯˫֣һܶúأҪǶ֪Ļͺвʵˣ

ط⻰˾ǿЦá
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ңôˣӣſңᰡ˭㱧
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콫ֻǰ֪ĺ꣬Ҳҵ˵
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ڣڹȥʮӺۿǺԽԽС
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ˣȻԥĶ˶٣ЦЦУȴǲκļΪõһų

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ϴΰǻõ쾧Ϲ޷ھۡ
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Ͼ֮⣬ʵҲκһָʵĽˡ


1448 ѩС
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ԻعüëʱһԸ⽻ң
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ѩͷ漴ǼСһţһ׹⾶ֱķУԭΪ֮ǰĥ˲ٵʵһЩǿҲǽѩƴ
ͨѩ֮ľϵСһ뷨ֻҪֵĺã⽫ͬʱ԰õȻֻѩƶ򻭳һŴʲôʱܹԵǾҪԼıˡ

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1449 ñ˶Ա
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ǣ٣
Ӧŵǰʣµұ֮ȥ
죬ʱ粵ļЦ粣ǴҶԼˣʲôֱ˵
ҡ
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ԼҵƵѪˣڿ϶ԼҵУѪ֮ԿԼң޷ҲԼ𽥲ʳӶǸΪ˳ƿ򣡡
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˵˶٣ڴЩɫУѾѪ´˲ٽѪϵķѪӰҲһȻ˵ԪˣǼһ϶һˣܹץסʱܱԺָðһЩ


1450 ķ밲ţ
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Ҳ̬֮ñ˿ѾеĴʯΨһͷǺúõ׷졣
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ܷ𣿡
ǺһЦаЦΪʲô
طҪٴηʣȴǶȻ۾һȻĵˣ֪ˣԼҵѪ񻯣

һЦ񽣵ѪʲôҲģ²˵ģһ㣬Ƹңһһİ취ֻڻ˵
İ취
Ļ˺ĸȴûж˵ôҲǿЦãǼᶨӣҲͲٶˡ
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費ٶ칰֣˵ͷʾһº󣬱ʱұ˲뿪
ˣ򡭡
ڷ뿪򣬡ʵұԼӦҪаǰɣ
ǵģΪҳʱչأǽûϵң򲻸æ

Ħ°ͷˣ֪ˣôɣҶɢˣĵ˵Ҫȥϵһʾ
˵꣬ǱѩԹԵ߻˷䣬㿴ңģƺԽ
Ȼ춼ô˵ˣҲöʣǺܿһɢȥȴԥлҪ˵ȴôҲû˵ڣ̾һҲ֮뿪ˡ


1451 Ѫ粵ƣ֮𵴣
صе죬ȴǽŽգⷿлֲһ󷨽磬漴£ķбһ鴫ֱӳ֡
ȻеĴֲ¶һĨԥɫ
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ȻǣһֵĻΣյģ
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Ѫֱӷһۣջ׵ãҴӦ㣡ҲԼ棬Ȼ常һỳҵģ
֮ܶҲҪСģ
ģɣʱĶ˳֮ұ˹ȥѪ˵
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˵䣬һոհһЩĴٴ˶һѪ粵Ӱȴδֹֻ֣ͨ齵Ѫµļ׼ȷϢ˵˳Ҫ˵Щ֮ѪŮ˾ԡˡβûиκ˵Ļֱӽ˴š

ι˵˰ɣ³һˣȪˣ˵ϼ˽أһطļһ
ϻ˭֪Щһ֪һأ
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ǰҲˣ
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һηһεȴʮ㣬Ϊ޷ϡ
޷ֻͣҪʱ΢һ㣬Ȫ˱ضһǧɣʱԼҵһϵдҲ𽥵ɢ

գԺеƷ֮ʣʱ˼Ҵҵ˽ƶʱɫһʲôţ
ǣǣ
˼æͣסվһԡ
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˻ˣȴԥŲ֪οڡ
ɫ䵽˼㣬ȵ˵ʲô


1452 ŭƣѪɱ¾
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ƴʱѾסˣվŭˣҪһŵòС
˵˵ŲԼҵֱϵѪ˵ǵıԴѪ֣
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ŭͬŭʨһԺΧҲҳκˣΨŭ֮£Լ֪ôġ
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Ѫ֮˴ӲҰ֣ѵⲻʵΪô飬ͷǾȻң
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ٵļΣȴһϷӣƺϣȪԼһԿ˭˭Ӯ


1453 Ϊļƻ
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Уôȥ
Ŀ񽣣Ŷˣ϶Ǹ죡
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ƴʮ̰ǿȸһͷ
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ˣ
֣ɣȻȥ˷ֳӣһ˴һӣȻ֮ڴұ룬ֱɢȺҵһж


1454 ƣڷɽۣ
İʱ䣬֮ǰŭѾȫ⣬ԭܼ򵥣ЩȪļĵ̣ȫǿ˻ԼҲٴ룬ҲƺΪһˡ
ǿ񽣺֮໥ڮ٣ƺҲȫ˹̣û̫Ըȥע
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գŶȣһʱʱĺһڣǰϻڷż¸㣬Եޱ⡣
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˴ƲЦϸһ̰ĹЦݡ

ڷɽиûʲôֻ˵ǼΪһСɽѣƽ¾ڷɽɽ¾ҲȻͣעһۡ
ȻڷɽȻƽ죬ʵںڷɽɽۣȴ˲ٵˡ
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ϾѪ粵ĴڣԼ֮⣬ҲֻǼŮ֪
үүҵϢ
ҡҡͷЦЦδͣ˶ٺֵѪ»ԼңȴҲʲô̫ãһ㣬үүģ
УﶼΪСԼױǣ
Ԩʼ磬ˣеˣҸطϢϢɣ
ǣ
ͷ漴үү˱½Ժ䷿䣬Ҳ׼һЩʱš


1455 ѪƣĽ̴ӣ
һպõԼ֧ϢܣٽԼ̽鵽ڶʱ֣ͬʱ֡
Ķ飬ԿȪΪĶ飬Ҫȥұ
˵үүԨԼǵĵûУ֧ʵҪұҲʲô⣬¾̽鵽ϢԼұڵʥ򣬵˵ȴǲ˲١
ˣ磬мǺ˵ˣ
ڶʱ֣ٳ֮ǰȻʲôƵģ
Ŷʲô£Щ㵡
ߵܶ˶֪ˣʲôаɷǱѾ˸ϹΪʵԵʣ΢һЩ˵
˹
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аɷȻڱеڶľ֮£չͷҲʮѸͣܵ˵Ҫ࣬Ͼʥʵ֮ں٣֮⣬ϾûУ
аɷ֮ô࣬ԭҲаϣ
ܹˣʵΣʲô˴ӣæʵ
ӦаʵԪڴ֮ˡ
˵ȴǺһ٣¶һĨϷʣ첻һЦõĵ飬ò˵ӵĽ̰ɣ
ˣ𣿡Ҳ۾һЩʵ
粼аɷţĽ̿УΪõĸ˵һױȵӡ
ˣҲ粶Ľޱأ֮ʱУദĸͬ׽һ
Ҳѹ֣ڴʱĽ̵֣˼ˡ
Ľ̽Դӣ
ĿЦԼ粵ļһЦͷӦ

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ˣɣ
ʼ磬ʵǴŻжûᵽ
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񽣵ͷΪȪк˳ұķٷȥԨүټҲǽ磬ԼСһǹɲѵߣֻѩίˡ
Դ֮Сһһֱѩƣ˯ʱҲˣѩȴ˿ķ

أ
ԼĳԺűֱƿƵĸ첽˽ޱżĵˣˣ
ǵɫȻһ壬ȵʲôţôˣ
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˴ŴǼΪԥ
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͵һĨæʵ˵
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˲һѶͷϵĺܿػصЩ˷ֳӣֱԿ񽣣ڼ죬ԼϷȹΪףʱе̣ҡҡ
أ
ɫһ䣬͵һ˦ڴϣȵСǲʲô˵
ңұҲԴӴˣȫˣһʣȫ˰˿ɥ˵
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Щʱŭǳ漴ֻúһ𣬾ֱһѪ˳
ȺѪǰϣô˶ʱһæеû°ɣ
ȥҹ
һѽ˦緢ŭħһ
ǣǣҹ͹
˾֣Ψֶһӱᱻƺɱ֣æ뿪ԺŶ¹ϡ
Ŀ񽣣
ĻȪˣ
ҪɱǣһҪɱǣ
Ƴŭѡ
ЩˣɶģлкüʥȻ̫ǿѪ
˶ûˣ뱻֮һ
Ϊ֮һ࣬Щĸ

Ƶ֪ЩϢֱѪǴʱѾ¾ұУΪұԭˣѩƵСȴһģҲ֮ǰš
򰡣ЩֵĲӽԺĹ£ճͽˣΣЦĳʵ
⻰ʵҲһ̽
ء
ʱһЩαڱϵѩƣҲʱͺ˼
һæһƾٷԸ
Ȼ˲ѩƵ˼ΪѩСܵȴ֪ѩ˺ֶΣܹϰѩƵκαʾղǼͺ𣬱ѩƶľ档
ҲķԸôѩƲ⽫
ˣ˺ѩûκλ֮˵ѩƻƽĻǡ
ˣҲýţ
΢΢һЦԵֻҪĵΪҰ£ұ֤һ·һ߲ͨε·
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תۣǺüȥ
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պ죬ȻһŤͷȥվŵǵӰ֮ʣɵÿЦһ£֮Ḷ̌ôҲû˵һҺȥ㰡
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ҲòϣĽ̵ȷ򵥣
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Ľӣʼ¥ϰȫȻͬҲ֪˵ʲôãֻܲýڡ
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Ľ̽ӹ豭һڣ˵ûҲóȻɽ𲻱Ҫ鷳
⣬Щ⣬ҲʮھӢѾǱԼңٺձԵõΪȷ鱨
ˣĽ΢һ٣Ƴһ󣬼֪ʲôԸûУȥɽ½Щ˴
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ĪүүĸŮ쫷ҲЩλɣ
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1456 Լң
Ľ̴ڰУҲ첻ˣϾ˶ӣ˭Ҳұ֤һûԼҵ̽ӡ
ԼΪ۷֮һѪ£ʵҲΪƵļμһЩϹʱڴĵɴڡҪԸҲܽȫϣĽ̵ĵҲǸһصĻᡭ
Ľ쫷絽ʲôϵаɷǲλĪүүΪ֮ʱҲȥ롣
Ͼڿȷ˵֮ǲûʲô϶ģ
Ľ̵ĵ첢ûй֮ڣ֪Ҳֻ֮ǰ˽һЩǼ˰ˣҲδ˵Ϊܹı֤ĽЩ˵ԡ
գԺԼˣԱ飬ѣԼŮЦǣżΪõЦݡ
ʱһ֮ܰС
١
ʱ񽣣Լ˲
лҪ˵ӣԼˣԼߵǰʵַʲô
٣ǵõɿϢƿʼ󲿷Ҫһ򾡣˵
ŶΣףʵ
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һҪһŪ
ԣ˫ʱУŤͷʵڴ磬ʲô

Լ΢һȴǷʵ٣ȷʱѪǲԼң

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Ȼ֪ѪΪʲôô֪䵽ǵѣȷϵǣڿѪ粻ѣѪϱչڼ䣬Ȼ
Ȼ첢֪Ϊλ˿϶ȴԾѡ˾ԵΡ
˶ٺһȻԵ٣ҵǲȥɽһ⣡
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üëһǷȴǶȻɫ˱䣬ɽʲôطǿԼصڰ
ǰУɽ˵Ŀеʥء
ȻΪƴԼҼѪµԵʣԼҵٲ٣ɽȴÿһ֮˵ĵס
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ȻƼҪǣΪβӭȥȻԼҺǿҲ
컺˵ߣ֮ǰ飬ƿصŪҲ֮һ϶ʱԼ֮ҲЩĻ̵̻ģǳʤ׷벻Ч
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˶٣УϷΪǲȥǱߣǾͲڵ·϶Ѿ˵ĸ󻼣Ǿ㰴֮ǰ뷨Ϊ˳ȥ֮ƴһ𽫴˴ռݣָõΣ
⡭
˵費һ£Цѡ
˵ʵڵģȷû뵽ƺ˵ҲȷһΪİ취
үôʱųʵ
Ҳ׷죬ȻǻȪ˵󻤷ǶףĻ졣
Ҿÿԣ磡
˹Լң޷õʱܼϣûʱ䣬һѪ³֣룡
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Ҳ֮˵οˣүүأ
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ȶԣ֮ĺܶ˶ǿϲ١
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ΪʲôǻһֱǳԽѰ۷壿ԨЦ
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ϵ˼ǣ̫ϳϹ󣿡
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ţллû뵽ͬôʹ죬ɵҲһָм֮顣
лңо仰ұҪ˵ǰ棡
ǱƲѣ÷Լһ
ף
ͷӦ̫ϳϾƿձᶯˣǱҪǰ棡


1457 Ĵ̫ϳϣɽ
죬˵ˣؼҵ̫ϳϾͻ
ط糯˵漴ıȴǱЩЦã˵ģһһֱ֪̫ϳϵĴڣǲÿ̫ϳ϶ǿߣ
طʻǺһЦصؼҲ֪ҵȷˣ
ˣ
үүԨڱϽӻ۷嶼ˣȻؼң
үүģ
طԶʱ۾һ漴ʵ̫ϳ𣿡
ֻм֪ˣ
ԨҡҡͷЩǸܣ˼֮˿֪
硭
ʱʸܷܷҲ˹ƽͬڲࡣ
ǻʸ̫ϳҲүү˵ˣһжİţʸܷܷ˵
磬Ҳ϶Ӧ˰ɣƽҲʵ
ţ
ǺһЦʱľͼҲǹˣЦ٣ӦˣڱԹ˵ٺ˵һ£Ǽأ
ðɣһȥ⹫ϵϵԣҲЩЦõӦ
ˣĴ۷̫ϳ϶ˣҲζţҽȥԸԼңүүԨղĵҲӭж⡣
ԼͬҲ̫ϳϣĴ۷֣ҲǶ֣
ңԼҵ̫ϳһֱû棬ԼˣԼҼѪҲû첻Щڵʵԡ
ΣСһЩܹǺõġ

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Ѿʶ˵ġѪʹ飬ҲΪĳ˲ٵʱ䡣
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ĸϼһһҲİ£֮ܶһ仰ҪôǾôľЦŵ

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ǴһȥɽԼأƻûȫ׼֮ǰһͻϮԼҵ̫ϳϳ棬Ǿǰ˼ά̫ϳϵˣǷԼңǾҪж
ԣҲɱĹ֣пܵĻԼһ¡
˵ĴֻԼұϾΪ۷֮һĵֲصĵز˭ҲϣԼҳʧʱ䳤С

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ǻȪ˵һ˵ȣȴѾɫĽɽУδκεע⡭
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ף
Цĸϼһһ֣ǿ˺һռͨǣ

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У
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ҲУ˲У
ǺһЦнѩƱ˹ŵԣ
⡭
˾ǲ⣬ȴ˼Ϊϴռ飬ǼѩƺͳƵıҲΨһһٲ²⵽һЩʵݵˣ
ԣ֮⣬˿仳ѩƵɻ
ǺǣʱҾԻˣ
ЦЦδӽ͡еѩҲĽ˼ԵüΪɡ

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ǣ֮Ĵ˵ҵĹҪ˽һЩ
ѩѩʨĴڣҲǼ˹ҵĳЩ飬ֻǲöԶѡ


1458 Ƶ𾪣ս
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Ȼʶλ̫ϳϣۼͬʱʧҲĶȻһ˿֮УǴȳЩȫ֣Ҫ𣿡
ˣһЦ
ǰ˰ٶȻ˲٣ʵȴҲҪһЩֵл
ȻѾû˺ϾҲŲαʵΪڵԵʵһЩɽ֮ԼҵЩȴǿ˲֪١
ΪѩǰֵúһЩȡǽԼνȫ֣ûһԼ֮һ֮С
磡
ʱҪҲȥɣսپһ㣡

˰֣Լҵ̫ϳ֮⣬õóô˻ᣬǶԷǵһˡ
ģĿ⳯ȥЦǺǵ簡ġаѾ˵ٱ˰ɣǲһֱҲͻƵ
ǵģְ֣
ҧҧҲͼתǵٱ޷ͻƣǡתҲ޴ְ֣ǲǺܱ
˵Ѿͷ¶һӡ
Ѿ˶˿̸˼ϧ֮С
ȻҲֻиװ۰κ
ɵӣڲʮ갡ʮԪڣҵʱҪǿܶ࣬ô᱿أ
ͷĻҲȥǱ棡סˣҪ̫ƴһжԱΪ
ãְ֣ȥˣ
ţȥɣ
ͷκƻĺһ㣬ֱӼսš
ְְ֣֡
ʱСһҲһһҵıסĴȣ˫۾ϣ졣
˵Ҳȥأ


1459 ŮƵѪܣ

Сһϣ˫ˮ۾һʱЩЦá
һ֣ôҲ˵ڡ
ϣ飬ѣԼŮҲһϷ죬û˵ȰһСһΪ
ȥ
Цһ£ǺΣյģҪˣǻʹʹŶ
Ųأ
ƲƲС죬ƺЩұ֮˳Ųм
һΪףĻȻûпڣȴҲԴ
ǡ
Сһͷε̾ðɣȻȥǾȥѩһֱǣܣҪڰְֵ֮ڣ𣿡
ţһԹԵģ
ٵĵ˵ͷֱǱıĳǰսȺ˹ȥѩҲǵõķԸԾǱųﹷģһֱظСһ󡭡
磬⡭
ͬ⣬ȴЩġ
ûµģ
û˵꣬ǰ֣ЦǺǵ˵ѩƿţµģ˵ˣǻ𣿡
һ仰û˵СһСһްӣĶ¾ûִӣҪӦЩұ֮ˣҲӦˮ
ο
ԺкȻֳһЩģĻ棬Լͳһ϶һܣܸԼżΪĹϵ
ڵʲô㲻ΨһȷϵǣƶԴǾԵģ
һ㣬ʵҲ㹻ˣ
ܼܵͿ
ץѽЩ󱿵ץסң
ԸҰְأ
ʱǻսĸֽУɡ
СһﲻȺдʱʱظԼ֮һЩܹ˳Ľɱ˵Ҳ˼ĸá
䣬Сֺε볰Լ߷ŭѣƫƫСһް취ǵɵ˼㣬ΪѩƵıǵİȫȫûκ⡣
һĻڳ˾ǿЦá
طҲˣôҲû뵽Сһ֣ڵƺҲܹ𵽼ãԼܹõضԼ֮չɱ¾
ܵܣȥǱߣ
תһӣԼԪ֮˵Χ˵
ã
һֱĻʱҲȻ⡣
㣬㿩
Сһ˵䣬ǵŵŵŵĳǱ˹ȥ
Եʩչ£˲ǽԵ˸Էһȥ統ԵЩż
ҪŶ
ˮĴ۾Ȼ˽ɫһޱȵȻǰǸԼ֮⧲ǶȻһױλ˫ͫԻ󣬷·ȥʲôѪȵһ㣬˲侫ȫ͵һѪ˶ޱȽֱıһʬ塣
ҵģ
ҲǲʾȻСֿٵһӡ˫ȻǿһݲУ深ǵ㣬Ե˲˳մֳվԭشһ
ѽأ
Դһ룬漴СкȻһɫذס
СһǰԵƵģذ׺úõ׼һŴ˵ಿλݺݴȥ
ڡ
ذ壬˵ӵȥٲȻҲǳһʬ塣
ܵܣ
ЦС֣ȴǾ˾죬ǲĵ㣬һҪԶأ㶼ã
ܹɱǾˣҪְֵģͬƵģԴܱ̫ܵأͽһܰŶ
ţ
СһĻʱ´˿ĵЦݡ
һĻΧУȴһɫ쵽˼㡣
ʲôСӰ
ɱ֮󣬲һ㺦¶ûУעԼɱֶΣʲôļҳֺӣ
ʱڲԼ֮˵УСһͬСħƵģע⵽ֹɱֶΣЩľսǶԶһЩƼˣǲɫһ䡣
硭
Щü΢
ǵСһôȥ᲻Ϊɱħͷ
Ͼ˼Сͣ˵ɱˣɱ˵ĻҲܺ£ǲ£񻹺Ƶġ
ʱѺҲˡ
ȻСһﲢһֱĸûʲô
İɣµģ
ǺһЦ˰ֲδԡ
ڣҲɱԵˣһսȺпʼԼ֮ãòԼߵһĿ࣬ɵöλүСһ֮С
ʱУ˵ļս֮⣬ΪСһıݡ
Ϊ˷ֹⷢԴ񽣺ͷ裬ԼˣעⲻҪԼеʥ֮˿ϾСһʵʥǺΣյġ
ѩƵб첻ҲΪǵİȫԵı
ΣɶŮȷˣԭǲмһ˵Լ˸һ֣Сһֹɱ˷ʽЩͬ˹Ƶģ벻ʲôõӦԷ
ͷ·ǣ˺޷·һ֮⣬
ȴ֪ûɴģһ衷Ļ¾ЩʥҲᵱ
Ȼû£ΣǾԲôģ

СôҲôǿ
һôǵģ
УôȥȻЩĸ¡
ԶһЩĵطĿѣԾżʣŭĻ棬ϱɱڴʱɡ
ֻôˣ
ԥһ£͵ʲôƵҧҧ˫ֿٵһӡڵѪɫâĿУʮѪɫδԶϮٶȼ죬գۼ
ϣɱǣ
ʮѪɫ۵ˣɱһָǰȵ
ʮûκλػ̿ٵĳȺطչޱȿ񱩵Ĺ
ء
һսطǼɫ˲䣬ȫǶԷĶ֣һһǶڼ·磬Ψһܹס֮صľȻֻпˣõľҪˡ
ܹѹסԷ
ǡѪܣ
ۣЩкüƺĶˣԼλ֮ʱԼҳϺһЩ֣ѵƽƳѪܣ⡭
ȫ˻
쵱ȳСһڵ˷׷׼ٷˣգۼǴսзɻصࡣ


1460 
磬Щʲô
صߣƽƵʵ
˵ѾʥһˣҲǿ˵һ֣ɾڸղԲһѪ֮ʱûʲô֮켰ʱú󳷵ĻѾˡ
ƽʻҲһɫɻֵ졣
Ѿ˵ˣ
ҡҡͷһЩѪܣѪµĳطûƶɣԱ˵ȫʵȴȫ֮˵ķԸɱԱҲ⣡
Ѫܡ
򵥵Ľͣһɫ˲䡣
ĪǣЩ˶ǸƳģ
ü΢Ҳ԰ҿЩ˵ʵȫʥϣô
Ѫµ˰æأ
ۣЩѪܣ֤ѾѪ֮ˣɱ
ɱ˷׷׵ͷ
Щ߳Ѫܣһɫѿ˼㡣
ƵȷЩѪȴǱҪȫģȻǸûл֣˵ǻʣµٸԼ֮ˡ
Ƕ˺󣡡
쳯˵
ְ֡
СһƺղŻûƵģ˷ĻȴЩԸ
У
ҡҡͷ
ðɣ
СһǼᶨӣҲǲٶԣ漴ԹԵĸ󣬳΢˿һЩ
ʱŤͷȥЦһȥ棿
Ӧŵ
漴˻ǰ
ǽǧýУҲǱɫɢĵĺڹ⣬һ㡣
ء
ʱѩȴĻһ׹⣬һУȴ˲ǰ
ðɣҲһ
ЦãŴʱʱʲôΣգҲͬѩһֵ뷨
ء
ͬ⣬ѩƿĵͷ
ߣ
ۣסҪ֣Ѫ˵ɱҲǾǣ
ǣף
ء
ѩƷ׷׵ͷǺһͬ˸ֱӳʮѪӭȥ
ৡ
ʱ䣬һޱǱЩѪȫΧȻҲƵķԸơ
Ϊ˵Ƹɱ죡
ÿһѪܣʥصʵиʥأ˵ǲĵƣ
£˰Ƶĳ⣬˶Դ˶֪飡
ɲǼ䣬ЩѪܵĳ֣Ƭռ䶼ƱѪƣ죬ԼѩȫΧУǺƳΪҶۣϵѪһĻƯ
ֻϧҶۣȴŷ
ء
һβ˸ûЩѪռκαˡ
ƲᣬѩƷѪܵһ㣬֮ʱĺɢЩ׹⣬ͷ·ЩѪž޴ʴһѪ׹⣬˲䲻ϵһƬѪĻڲϵĽսۿɼٶȼС˷Χ
ѩƣ˲ð
˼ѩƵĳ֣һ̾ѡ
Ȼ֮ǰƾѩƲܹϢĽԼأѩƳֵȴࡣ
˷ѩֳʵôҶһֱﹷƵѩƣҲκС֮⡣
ߵģǷ˰
λ˾Ͳ˵ˣղųֵλүС㣬ټѩƵı֣ĵˡ
ѩƣҵģ
ѩ˱֣һЦȴ˲ڿգŹϮļѪܣȻǰ͵ֳʮ׳ľͬʵʰӣռ䶼üһ
磬ˣ
һȣ͵˫кâһ˫ֳ·ֱһӣȵٱ䡪˫ն
𡭡
ɲǣֲ쳹ذĴǺХ¡
ء
Ҫ׷ϮļѪ׵壬ֱ׹ڵϣȻֿӸµһһҳѪצĳ˹ȥ
䡭
еѪܶĹΧ֮ڣֻ˫裬ЩѪܾǶ֣׷ߵķһ㳯ͬķطɳ
ʱ˿̣ЩѪɢѪҲ˲٣ȻѾܵһ˺
ȻЩѪʵϾף㹥ҲֻˣǣȻǲġ
ȻⲢûн
ԪԼУѪ֮δʧڰһȦ󣬼ЩļһֱϮȥ
ʱ˿̣ѩƺƶ˿ͣѾȫһ˵ս
ĿֲƣΧ˾һ﷢֪ԼĸоȴôҶס˺һ˫˫Ŀ𺳲ѵĽϡ
ף
ۣԵЩ졣
˵ǻѰߣǿƹУʥصҲ»ᵱΪϾȫһ
ȻЩѪܱ֮ƺڷҲ˲٣ǼʥصѪܾȻֻǵڵ޷ȥ˶ȷ켫Ϊ
ƺʱЩѪܣǰڸ涼Ҫ˲٣
ַ֣Ҳ첻΢΢˼֡
ѪܱöˣѪµʵ񲻻ǿ
üͷԽЩѪ޾ɱ⣡
ƽն
ҫŭ
𼼡裡
ȳڣԼһžŶƵľ޴âƶ
ͻĳȡ֮ǰ֮֮ǰӿֲƣضƣڳ˸һĲѡ
𡭡
׹⣬һеĻ棬һ̾ɡ
Ǿ޴âƶ·еѪܶ⽣ַΧ֮ڣַϢϢĸо

ۣԪȫ
ֻһĺüѪӱֱӶӿнըѣһƬϷ䣬ĺǱңһʬ嶼û¡
ţͻķǽʣµѪУǼʥغ΢ֿܹһ֮⣬ж׷ױһƬֱȫʬ
ȻĹɲˡ
ջԺ͵ٴԪӿԥӡȵұ
ɲǣǾ޴âľŶƺȻըѿʱ𵴣ֲıըһӿʮĿʣµļʥغصѪܸԵȱը˲һЩⶼû£˵ǳ׵ɢ


1461 ߵƣԼ
Ӻ̳ɢȥ
ڳǲʬƬ֮⣬ֻ޾ѪӣҲҲκһѪܵټ
˻
ǰһĻڳ˶һ
˴˽ʵЩ׽⣬ˣԼԼˣһĿǰδе𺳡
ǻȪ˵Щˣһ֡
ƣȴ𺳵ͬʱɫѿ˼㡣
ôôǿǿʮѪܰÿһʵʥأôôɵľͱȫˣ
Уô죿
ƷŭͬʱȴҲԽҡ
ֺܵεɱƷ·𿴵ı٣Ӷڲϵ΢

ʱ챧ѩƣѾһصС
ְְ֣֡
һʱֱסҴȣȫǽ
磬
ƽҲǿǰ˴Ĵָ
Ȫ˵Ȼûҿ߶˵ʲôһ˫˫۾УȴҲǳֳޱȵ
ˣƨˣ
콫ѩƷڵϣСһﱧȴ磬ʵ簡ղҵǸٱ䣬Σ
ǿ
ԹԵػص
ڵʵȻҲʩչ֮˵ȴ֮һ㣬ͬն
֪Ϊʲô𣿡ʵ
ЩԻɫȴҲ漴һȻʵˣȻԪڣܵ˵ҲǲһЩҪԼˣ
ڵڶ򣡶ⷽ棬ҲǶڵͻһİ簡ȴ˼֮㲻úõһչ
õģְ֣֪һЦͷӦ
˼
ܹͻƣʽʼתôʵҲõɾͱضҲ᲻ף
Ϊָ֮ʱȴǡ
㣬㣬ǡȫϣ
ЩˣָЩʣµ´
˭̰·
ϰϰ
ƵĻЩס˵ǣȴҲһ𳯶Ǳ߳˹ȥϧȴѾ٣һֱǰ壬һ˫˫ȴҲ޾Ŀ־塣
磬ȥ
Щ˳ƽʹҾĦȭơ
ղŵǿƣ׼˴еģʱһƷ˷ܼһ㣬ֻһ£·ǾͻὫЩȫƵġ
ȥɣ
ʼ磬ЩԼʣµȻ˵㱻ȶ֣ʵҲȫӳƽ˵Ҳһθõֻᡭ
񽣣ϷǶ£Լȥ˵
ǣ
˲κ顣
ƽطҲ뷨һ˲һŸԵͻɽƵģƸΪǿƵĴ̼۷塭
ȽȴȫΪǣ
ڿһ֮ȴҲǲٹעԵ˵һЩ强ĻСһЦøͬһö
졭
ģѳƵķŬŬ졣
ţ
˳Ŀȥƾǻˣ֮ղվλ˺ʮס
ǺǡһȻܣ
΢΢аЦ
񽣣ȥɣ쵭ĵ
ϣ
ӦһζȻԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾ˲ȥԡ
ȰĴַƼϣֱһ
㣬㡭
ȻԪڵʵɱϾʥ
ڿ񽣵ĺȻֻ֣ԼĶ·Ҫɤ۶ƵģӸǲѡ
Ķߣүûڣߵ𣿡
һЦȻһᣬͬСƵĽץžֱصԡ
أ
Ƶģһﱻ˵ϡ
Լ
аЦѣŲôôˣΪܵ
죡
ƿ־嵽˼㣬˵֮ʱݸǲײ˶Ϊܡ
˵ʲôЦ
ҡҡ
죬ջǿڵŹңŹң
Ź㣿ûⰡ
ʼ磬漴ƾϲУȴǺһתϧҲ֪ĵܻ᲻Ը⣬˵أ
ĵܡ
⻰Ŀʱٵĳȥĵܣҡ
ž
û˵꣬񽣱һֱ˦˹ȥ
ۡ
ƶʱһѪлѪܵݡ
пٵһĨȴΪ˻Ҳֱӳ񽣹ȥһ߲Ͽͷһ˵ĵܣһжǶҵĴŹңҪʲôԣҪҰԼ͸㣬ӽԺԼҼһΪ𣡡
Ϊϡ𣿡
ž
һ漴һƴֱӳߵȥ
ûб⣬ȻӦȴκη˼ֻĬĬĳܡ
һκηµȴľͽĻǱ֮棡
ǣǡ
ƺܿɹŲϿͷ
Ȼ׼ѪԼѪµ֮ʱͻأɫȻһ䣬Ťͷǰȥռӿһǿ˲
ৡ
һɲǣ˵ĿⶼǱ˹ȥڼսеҲǷ׷֣ͣطǺܿ»صվ
һ룬˹עĿУһü԰׵ߴл߳
ϴޱȿֲƣʥص춼޷֮ΪеовʵԵ͵˱ѹȵĺΪѡ
˭ȻԼ˴ɱ¾
߸һ֣̳ȥһ˫иޱĺâֻҪش𲻶ԣʱɱ֮⡣
һ죬ǰ
һ԰漴ǰ߹һ񣬲ĵǰԼкιϵĪǰԼҵ̫ϳϣ
һ
ĻĿⶸȻһʵһľâȥ·Ҫ쳹׿Ƶġ
챣ƽЦݣߵע£˿ûκζƽˮ
һ죬һһ
ۣһЦȴɫ˲˵һˣҵкԼ˴ɱ¾Īǡǻòͷ𣿡
ǰδǺҲɺƽʵ
Ȼ֪Ϸͳȫ㣡
һ˫ָ󣬰׵ϷԼ̫ϳ


1462 Ӳ
Լң̫ϳϣ
˾һǼĴ۷ˣɵöһۡ
λ̫ϳϲ˵ȥԼ̫ϳϣԱȻִԼĲ𣿿ΪʲôԳԼ̫ϳϵôλǰأ
üͷ΢΢壬ﶸȻһ˿
ǰ
΢ȴɫ䣬һ񣬵ǰǵļг
ʲôģϷűչضԼ˴ɱ¾죬ҪΪһϷͲҶ㶯֣
ǲϷһն˾Ͷȫ°ɣ
УܹеĸܵɢȻɱһɫüΪѿ

΢վֱӣԵǰҪµԼҵĵƴ˰ɣ
ƣ
Ļ΢΢һ˳ָķȥһͷһ߲ѵģ
²˵ˣԼ¸Ҳϲӡ
̫үү
˵ĿУƼСǰͨһڵϣĵƶ
ƶĳƺһݡ
ȻƵ̫үү
ͻأģ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļ˵첻ζҪƵһ
Ҳ֪֮Ĺϵ
ƶƶ
΢㶣ƴӵϷü㸸أôΪԼҼУﵽô£
̫үү
죬¶һߵģָ˵̫үүʵЩԺٸͣҪǱסԼҵĻҵЩ˸ղſ˵ˣʲô˳棬ǶҪԼأ
õϷ˭ң
һĺֱɣƶվϷ󣬻еԼȫ˻գϷ뿴кα£
ǣ̫үү
һϲæкʣµԼ֮˺һЩ
ĿޱĶ죬죬Ϸ˵Ŀʵ飿ҪԼң
Ϸ֮۷֮ˣѵǲ֪۷һ֦ͬ¾ƽ໥Щ϶ôܹ䵽˵زǡĪǧ𣿡
ǧˣ
ˣȴǵЦǰ֪׷ʲô˴ҵȶŭ˵ˣЩҲ룬òȥ
ԼңӿڵΪ

ԥĵͷǺâ˫κ֮⡣
õ
ĻǴＷƵģѹޱȵŭ档
ϷҪкα¸˿ԣ
˫΢У޷ԶԭƽһЩƸһ˲ӿͬһ㳯ǰֶȥ
Ϊ̶̵ͨʱ䣬ѾǶеѡȻȥˡ
硭
˷׷ɫľҪǰȻȴǺȻһ֣𶯣
ǰ˲ǷǣǸԼҶ
ͦͦţȻܵѹԽңԾûκĿⶼûб䶯һ¡
ӣҪ񣡽죬Ϸ㳤ѵѵһ٣
òУʱܵĸʬ壬ҲԽΪ߻һ㣬ͷŭ
ʱ˿̣Ҫ쵱ɱһһ˫ȫɱ
Ĺ򣬴ɢƱԽʮ׵˷׷׽ˣһֿҪܲסʱᵹصơ
죬ЩֲֿѹУѪʱᱻ緢һ·еԼֲĦԳ˼ּѡ
ȻˣԾûһ
ŲӣŬ֣˫ضκ֮⣡
ǰĪҪ֣
ۣ
Σһص
ã
ףˣǾǰָ̣
£һȣԪҲǼתʥص˲Ǵ۷塣
ɲǼ䣬ֻձ֮Χը쿪ĿռѷΪߵƶײϳֱ֣òʵԵ֮ˣһѪɫ˲ò԰ֽ
ţ
ȴ΢һЩǰ׿վ죬һĨ졣
ôҲû뵽˷ǽĳʵӿУôһһȻû·磬ôǿƷѹһͷ
ԼҲпԡ
ӲڸȷźܴĴˣټԪҲĺܴľʱֲָڡ
ʱ˿̣΢վԶһЩƣ쾹Ȼ˶Դɵ¶һĨϲɫһ˫ȴһĨԵâ
޲һ룬㱻ǿƸֱӿѹ
Ȼ뷨ãȴܣ
ĿĹעУȴǺĿˣСӣӦ겻ûʮɣ
ĿڣƵıƴƺҲһЩ
΢΢һĵҽʮһ꣡
ʮһ
Ȼ۾һУôܣ
Ϊʲôܣ
һЦĪǣҪǰ㣬߰ʮ𣿡
㡭
ǳĻŪɫһ䣬ȴŭѹȥСӣȻʥصʵϷǲ˲٣ղţϷòĳʵƣأ
ĳʵ
⻰ɫ˲䡣
ûлƭ
ֻǣֱ˼㣬ĳʵ˿ֲƣѹƵûܼ֡ȫʵһ𱬷ɱͬɱ׹һ򵥣
ǰǻ˵ǷǲСȻ֪УȴҲԻƴһ
ۣǰʵǿСƴҲһǰæң
вϷ򣿡
ҪΪϷĲҶɱ֣Ϸֻǲ뿴
̫үүҪǱ𰡣
ʱҲںеԼҵ˵ˣ֮࣡ԼҾ޴ĳ谡̫үүʱȣҶҪǸɱˣ̫үүҪΪ
̫ϳΪҵ
Լ֮ҲǷ׷׹ȥҲżֱУƺ˵޶Ķһ
ط˷׷ɫ˲䣬Ҳһâ죬СӣҾǳ۷壬־͸Ϸ򻹿ƹȻǾ͹ֲϷֺˣ


1463 ֮ǿǧһ
־͸ҵһ
Ļɫһͬ˵ǰƫƫˣˣСӵҪǰУͽ̰ɣ
˵䣬쵱˼ǧýҲٴαУԪĹУǧýϲʵʰĽƺڸʱľһ
СӣԼ
죬ĪΪϷ˵Ц𣿡
Ȼǣ
صǰȻƫƫţС˵ʲôҲûãǰˡСðˣ
µɲǣȻڿգʱһ޴âֶܿռǿҲڵλüϮȥ
Ľٱ䡪ն
ǿĽһ̾ɡ
ʵ֮ǿ֪٣Դ˷Ѿ̺ȫ˿С֮⡣
е˼
̧ŴӰмϮľ޴âɵһȴվԭضҲδֻ̧̧֡
һ򵥵Ķܿռӿ·γһֻ޴ƣǽâץȥ
ƣ
춸ȻһȣյĽȴǡ
âֱץסȥƣҲʼ޷ѡ
ƣ
Ҳһ˲䣬ȶȻǱ޴âǱֱ飬»ĲƮɢǧýʱеĹâҲǰһЩ
ۡǿ
Ѫ̲סһѪ˳ڸܵһ𵴣ڸ𾪲ѡ
ʵ̫ǿˣ
һ֣ɹпһ
죬ɣǲ˵Ϸģ˵
Σ
ҧҧǼ
ʱٴηӿȻ飬ԼԪǿƹ£Х
ҫŭ
𼼡裡
𼼡ս죡
ȺԼǳ׵׵չУֲʵʰ캳أ·Ƭض֧ŲסƵģƸڳ֡
ǡ
ۣɲǣб¶һ˼ģ
𡭡
ӿĿ£Ѹײڶ֮ƣצĳڵλüϮȥǾʮĿһռѷĳ֣һĺ粻Ϸڳ˷׷ס˺֡
СӣɹֲϷˣ
оӵɱ⣬ҲڱһЩ
ȣ
Ȼ˶
ֻһȣ˫Ҳʼٵ趯ӡ֮󣬱Ŀռ֮׷ƶƻһӭƶȥ
ǡ֮
۾΢ݣȻЩĴڣȴʮĸ֮ܵڵϢ
ֹ֮Ѫʹ壬Լԣ֮оһѹƣһַ·ľ޴ѹƣٶȺƺҲһ̱СһЩ
ã
ٿ䣬ͨĿƣǲĳвƽ
ȻҪʲôӦȴѾˡ
𡭡
֮Ĳ£Ǽ˲һʱǳɢع飬Լı壬ɻصڡ
ۡ
ܵ˼ĴˣҲǽѪ˳ɫԳήҲ
ϧǣֹƸûκθеЧ½Ƕû
硭
١
˼״׷ޱȵǵĽš
û£
֣ľԼָڵĵҩڵƵǺܿĻָ˴롣
ǰȻֶΣ
΢΢Цû뵽ԸôһСӣǰȻó֮ǲǴɱ
㾹Ȼ֪򣡿֮еĵλȷͰ
ۣһ˿ŭ𣬵ĵСӣ㲻˵ЩϷȷ֮ΣѲɣʲô涨˵ǲ׼𣿡
ǵûУ
ʼ磬ЦСҲʶʶǰʲôר򣡡
Ϸڣ
ϷȻôҪ㻹㹻ģ
ŶôǰУΣ
쵱ٴڿգ˫ӡռĲϲ֮Ϊһڸղ˵ıָڳ˸оһޱȵѹ֮Уճ֮ʱѹ
ʲôֶΣ
΢΢һȴµ˼㣬ָ߾٣͵س·ѹȥޱĴȵת֮תգ
䡭
ʱĿռѷ첻ϳ֣·Ƭռ䶼ҪƵģһֿĿֲڼϮȥ
һ˿֮ĳΣ
һɵڼΪ𾪡
˵һֻдʥͻƵ֮󣬲ŻὫԿռ֮ռ֮תΪ֮ԣר
ͻ֮;
Ǵϸо֮ĳΣ˵רĳΣβе𾪣
Ҳûж˼ʱ䡣
ˣ
ȻҲֻ˶ѣϾ֮Ĳ࣬Ҳʵ̫һЩ
籩򣬸ҡ
Χ֮ӿ׼ͷųר
Ȼһ˲䣬ԶĿռпռѸӿͬʱȻס֣
ס֣
ԣɣ
ͬʱǶľ֣ʸԼر˵Ҳʮż춼ס֣ĹҲǱĶĸ˻ȥ
˵ͷȴǧһ
Ĵ۷̫ϳϺȻ֣ǡתĹƺײض·磬˶ܵˡ
ϾǿרȻʤǿʵԵС˺ܶࡣ

λ̫ϳϵĳ棬ʱ΢һ
ҲĿ⳯ȥüôЩϼһѲɣҲԼң
ԣ˵ʲô
ļƳһƵԼһ˵ȣֱԵԣĪǻ֪ԼңΪԼڻ𣿡
ʲô˼
Զʱɫһ䣬Ҫ˵ʲôʱȴȿˣ̫үүǧҪ˵ĻǶһģΪľҪǰҪԼұˣǸȥڣҪΪ
̫ϳΪ
ҲǷ׷׹سڴ˿̸ǳ˼֣ϵϢҲ֮


1464 
Ǹס죡
״ŭ
ʲô
Ҳ֮һۡ
Ϊλ̫ϳϣеԵʣһֱཻǶƺΪ
ƺҲֻԼ֪ˡ
ԣҿԽԽȥԽԽϺͿˣ
ָıӣ˵ΪרԼΪĸǳԱû¸ɣרֵģ
ǰԣЩɲר棡
ʸ̫ϳϻʸҲ֮˵룬Ҫǣ˵ǣĸϼһһ֣ǻڣ
ԸһҪסǸƵСһ֪С֮⣬ΪľԿ׷ʲô飡ؼ̫ϳϣλǰΨһŮԣرҲ˵
⡭
Щ΢΢ü
ЩɶѾʼƵˡ
˵ƳΪԼҼ£Ҳеġ
ƶ˵˵ô£ŤͷȥЩ䡣
̫үүңҡ
죬ԥһº󣬻˵ҪҰӣЩҪ׺ܶģΪľʱ䣬ҪһҰ
ƨ
ԣ͵ص۳֪֪˭ƣСҪٲ˵ʵݹҲˣ
˭ô̫үү˵Ķʵڼ֡
ơ
ʱȴǻˣһ£λֱľľ֣ʸʸ磬ԼؼرλǰҪǣĴ̫ϳϣ
ʲô
Ļɫ䣬͵سλȥǲš
ƶСʱ㼸棬ܹɵģҲʲôĸܵ
̾ҪȻҲרѡ̵꣡ϧѾǰһˣѵµ㻹ʵ𣿡
̫үүҡ˵Ķģ
ҧ֣ɫԽ䡣
˳֣Ļ֮Ųɡ
Ͼ˵ڶͬѪ
Լ֮УҲϲģ
ɣͬˣȻڲͬļ壬ʵ໥ĹϵܺãһͬȻֵܣȴҲˡ
ûбҪƭҪԼңҲں˵ô࣡
ϣ
ǰһĵа취˵ʵϣ֮󲻻ٶ⣡
ʲô취ʵ
ңͽΣûлش𣬶Ƿʵ
㡭
ȥ˼
˵ԣ㻹ԥʲôڱϴߴٵ
ǰԣȻô˵ˣ϶а취ģľҲ֮㻹֪ɣҲҵӣٺ١ȻֻǸӿҪõ̫ˣ
ţ
˶ľ⻰һ£ʵһôľֵĪˣ
˵Сӳ쵽ֻ֪չػţⶼǺµˣ
ľûİ֣ԣֱ˵ɣŲ
ã
һվǵ˵ͷ
̫үүҪ
ƼˣæţĻȴûȥܡ
СӣǾҼסˣǧҪŪϷ򣬲ȻĸϼһҲԾȲ㣡˵
а컹ûֵز
ܹоĻɣҲûĻһ䣬㳯֣
ְ֡
ְְ֣֣Ҫʲôѽ
Сһ˷ܲѵķɱ˹һԾ컳УŤСӣԵüΪġ
Сӡ
һʱ㷢ĲѰɵøֺ档
ʮһʥأôĶŮ쵽ʲô
仯쿴ȴδᡣ
ֻͷСһһںָЦеĵڰְҪǸ˼⣬˭а취˵ʵأ
ң
ҲУ
СһԥľٸС֡
ܵܡ
ǿнѹ˻ԵЩίȴҲҺԼǱ۸ϰˣҲͲˡ
ģ
һ£ų˵ְ֣ҿԵŶܵܣ
ţСһƺǣԴ
ðɣ
ʼ磬СһߵƽǰʲôƵŤͷϣȷĵɣ
źߣ
ûӦһ
뿴ƾʲôôһСһܹ˵ʵ
ӡҲʲô֮ٽ⿪ǣ
ʼ磬̬Ҳں֣ҪҲܣ̱ӡס˵ɫ˲ʱһ塭
ˣ콫˵ϡ
İɣְ֣ʧŶ
СһЦ漴ཱུС˼ӡ˹עĿ£˫Ȼֳɫܸɫâơ
λ˫ͫʹ˸֣
ҲܹɵĲδֳϾ˶ӣ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
Сһ㣬ʼûģ
ݡ
ʱ䣬һȣʱһɫ໥ƵĹâֱֱûǶƵУ˲һԭǣ壬ҵıȫȻʧһΪմӡ
ְ֣ɹŶ
СԾ컳Уҧָ˵ֻܿʱأְʲôͿʰɣ
ʱˣǲʲôԣʵ
Ȼ
СӿٵĵԴŤͷϣҲ˰ɣҽ飬ʵĻҸطɣ
ΪԼҵǣҲȻ˼
ã
ͷǻּʧ
ȥһ֮ȥˣܹóʲôҲһ
ţֻҪٴγֵʱҲǴ˴Լ֮еĿģҲӦòǰôжԡ

ʱļ򣬶СԵԼҵ鲻Ҫ׷ˣһнȥɣ
⻰ȴǴһ˿
˷̬ȣȴλ̫ϳ϶Щ졣
Ϊ̫⹫ĶľҲˡ
ǶףΪʲôһƽЩֺȥ졭


1465 л
˵ǿԼʥصʵҪùϵΪҵĽǣǿ˵ùȥ̫ϳϣҲһټ챾ҵĵϵѪ˵Ӧǳ̬ȣڵƽҪƺ̬ȡ
һ㣬ͺˡ
˵ǿΪľֵϣҲ̬ȡ
֮ܶһ仰Ȼһ֣ȴλ̫ϳϣ̫⹫ľֵڶ޾ĺ棬ֻǵ棬ǲñֵ̫԰ˡ
˵ԼҲЩܳӣΨг˼һֱûô˵һ˫ȴʱʱǲ̳һЦĻߡ

Źȥ˰ʱߺȻĴһˣ
΢΢һҪʲôǺܿĺʹ˵һǰĻȥƴʱڵλá
⡭
üЩ첻
ȻǵȷǺѣ漰ĸ棬˭֪᲻ᵱ
ӣʸֵ
ʱǶľȴǺĳˣһͬߵԱߣҸǻֲһ磬ΧȻܹǵӣȴκһ˵Ļ
ľôˣʵЩľڵľٶ
㻹ңǲǸˣ
ľź룬ЦЦ
ң
һֲǶľ֣ǻʸرҲǺĿԼһ֡ʡ˼档
ôˣ
üڻڵǼһﻹᱻɱΣʲôľٶ˵ľҲǶľˣѵͲ𣿡
ߣԸң
ľֵһߣҪǸҶһëԼңߣ
ι˵ôˣЩ飬ǲǸʵľֻعŵʵ˵ɣղŶ̬ôǲ֪Щʲô
Ҷ̬ȣ
΢΢һʸرƼһĿ⣬뵽˸ղԼľٶɵڰЩЦȴһӣ˵ʲô˼ʲô̬ȣһλ볤ϵͬʲôòԵ𣿡
ͱˣ
ʸЦЦɲˣʵ˵ɣô£ûʲôģӣƽ̬ȣ
Ĳ֪˵ʲô
΢ȴû˿ɿڵ˼
ɲص
ľֵԵǶôˣʲôˣǻ᲻ٲ˵Ļݹǡٺ١
˵䣬ͬŶľǻЦ񣬻ʸرƶһĦȭƵӣʱɫЦѣεĵЩ˰һˡ
˰֣ǡաУɫһ࣬Ȼ˵ʵЩֻǲ²ѣԼҿ϶Ҳ˵ԺҸᣬǺúõģһɵ˵ǰ棬ǼҪҲ˵ȻĻº밡
룿
ǷԷθĻ˾ɫһݣô𣿡
һ㶼ЦӣཻվãѶԶԷҲ˽⣬ȻҲԲһ޵ķʸ֮ˡ
Ǻ˶Ϊ
ľţǲǵȴ˼Լ˽ᣬúõ̸̸
ľ
˶ľֵ뷨ȻΪȻĵòҪȻ̫⹫ҲԾȲ㣡ľҲΪðʧٶվ
ɣôأ
ľɫһ䣬ԲῪЦӣһɫӵͷӦˣ֪ˣʱ䣬ĺúģ˵ʵڵģҶҲܸȤ
ţԺ˵ɣ
ͷҲǻʸرһۣ漴ŽľֲµĽ磬Ŀ֮ղ뿪ķޱȸӡ
һʱ䣬Ĵ۷̫ϳǾһֹİþδ

һߣ찴Ĵָ㣬Ѿԡ
ϣʲôߵǰһɫմƣƽʵ
ͲϷýץסʣЩӵ죬ʵ
°ô£
ʼ磬ЦϾԲˣ֮ǰֻƵɱζѣ
ʵϷղѾƶ֪һУ
̬ȣиֳһĨͣɫȻһЩ̾û뵽ԼϹʱڴ񣬾ᷢ˱ʣϷ̫ϳϣԼҵڣ
ûнӿڣص˵
ȻҲٿ죬ƣ̾ϢһŻϷи󣬲֪ɷӦ
Сһʵ

ף̾ԼҵϵѪϷ֮⣬Ҳֻʣһˣ
ǣϾô࡭ңԼԼԼ˶ب
Цһ£漴ȴֵɲż֪ϼʵһӵģ
ţ
ԣ۾ʱһҵɡ
û˵꣬ǺǺЦŴϵϣѾע⵽ǱһΪ׳ɣ񽣣һΪط
ĻԺиֳ˸ղĿӰɵõ˵ط

ͷɫСԼѪѪ񻯣Ϊ⣬ڿ̶ܹ֮ȽͣԼԼҼͨ򣡡
̫ˣ̫ˣ
˶ʱϲ漴Ϊӣȴֺܿһ̾ϷǸܹӦϷңϷԱ֤ӽԺƶڣ׶ϵѪ֮Ĺϵ֤κλ£
˵ʵСҲ
Ȼ飬ҡҡͷɣȥ̫⹫飡ֻҪͬ⣬СҾ޶
ˡҲã
³һ漴кȻһݵǰϷͻ֮һЩ뾭飬ܹϷĸлˣ
⡭
ȴЩȡ
ⶫڵ˵καҪһЩ
ͻĵ·Ҳߺܶ·νǧ𲻻
ˡлϣСҾͲˣ
һǽ˹һʾл
лңԺԼһҪշ֣
֣ûٶ˵ʲôˣҲóȥˣȻĸϼһ»ΪϷҪ㲻Ǻǡ


1466 񽣵ľܾ˻ع飡
˵˵ЦЦһгĲ߳Ҷ˲ʱһ
ĸϼһôʲô
Ƴһλ̫ϳϣߵĪΪһֲɣҲδ̫Ʋ˰ɣ
˵ﻰ
һЦ˵˵԰׼ô
ûȥƵ˵ڴҿǾԸģ
һһǧΣǾӦõģ

³һ˵ãм´һ£
˵ɣǶˣôԵ

ҲǷ׷׵ͷʱԥҸղѾˣҪƶһ
Ź
һһ㶣˷˵Ȼ󣬵ȴҲΧǻȪߵ˸üͷ׷˵ǲҹͬ
˵԰ǲЩȥˣѾҲøѶˣ
üڿѪµˣֶԼô캦飡㾹ȻŹѲɣҪٳȥǵðԼҵװܵŰģ
˵꣡
һ֪ǵĵģ֤´ΣӽԺҲʽ߳ԼŬȥʱһУѵǻ𣿡
ɡ
׼˵ʲôȴڱҸͬϵ뷨ϵļලƲκηˣԼμȥһЩͨ棬ҲԶѪ´ȥһЩһðɣ
ôҲ
ǲˣ˿Ƕľ֣ʸԼرҲǷ׷˼Ŀ£Ҳ׷׵ͷͬˡ
ЩҲҪ˵ǰ桭
ƺΪΪĻҲٹ֮ô꣬ضɱ֣
һ㣬Ҳؿڱ֤һ죬ҲŻ
ı֤ҲѡţϾǿߣΪԼҵ̫ϳϣܻƭ
˵˹һȻʲôĿ⳯ȪǱȥܿ˿񽣵ϡ
״Ҳ룬΢΢һЦֵ񽣣

ٻ񽣺ԥߵǰͷʵүҰɶ
㣬ϣָָƣЦ
ϣҰ
ŤͷȥƲȴһĨעĽš
񽣿ɾûб濴ȥô򵥣
ޣ޷ָľˡ
п񽣣ҲطԼҵϵѪ԰ɣſ񽣣һ˫жԳּ
ү⡭
񽣳ȥЩ˼
û£
΢΢һЦģ޶⣡
ޣ
ô˵һԵϣطϲ˽а񽣣
ðɣ񽣣
Цһ£ģҶûж⣡ϾԼҵѪɷعԼңӽԺԼ֮Լ£ϷڶķԸΣ
УԲУ
ŴͣԾҡͷ֣ģֻϣܹһֱү߾ˣ
ѾԵľܾ
ˣܹΪԼҵļζβĺ¡
ԼΪƵ飬ȷǰ˺ܶ࣬ɱϾҲ۷֮һ׻˵úãձֻҪΪԼҼôʲô룬ʲô׷ʵ֣
ɿ񽣣ǲ˼ֱӾܾˣ֣ȴҲǿЦá
ȻҲܹ֮Ҳǳġ
Ͳú룿һԼ֮Ϸ֤ĳɾ;Իᳬܶ˵ģԿԱ֤ΣȰ˵
УĲУ
񽣼ҡͷ֪ģֻҪܹðһֱү²ΪҲ
㡭
ǿЦá
ϣ
ϣȻ񽣲Ը⣬Ҳǿˣ
ۣԵȻСӲţСӣҲƳԲ˿ģ
⡭ðɣ
ε̾񽣰ϾԼҵѪԺпյĻϷϷڣҲûʲôÿˣֻϣܹʱ࣬Ѿ㹻
ģһ᳣ϣ
񽣵ԴڶĻҲЩж
˵ڶһԼѪ

Լҵǽˡ
λ̫ϳԳ棬źܿԻعҲȻָܿƽƻõôĴãҲҪˣٿȷǣκοܼΪ
֮⣬ԼҵȫЭѪ߿϶Ҳᱻ𽥵ڽᷢʲôڵǾ޷Ԥϡ
˵ıǻȥúõرչأһе;飬ò̫ʱ䣬Եõͻƣ򣬴ӶΪǿߣ
ǣҪչص뷨ȴǱλ̫ϳϸֹˣ̫⹫ľָǽһܹ˴ȥ˱ĶľأǸλ
ĽˣûʲôãķԸ»عаɷţĽڴжһԹŪЦá
ڿ񽣣ҲǽȪ˽˷ˣͬطһҲǻȥаɷš
ȻȪߵķչҲõϿɣڷĴ£ҲһŲķչ
ԼҵѪǱߣҲϵһѪ粣֪ѪԾڱչ֮ԼҲ΢һʵʵĸ̫⹫ľֻȥ˶ľء
Ȼ飬ѣԼŮټɶŮҲһ·ͬСһӣɲٷֿˡ
ȥľغ󣬶ľƵȶľĸ߲ҲǷ׷׸ϽŹľʺãע⵽ľֶһôõ̬֮ʱҲǷ׷׾ȲѣϧŶľֵ棬Ҳöʲô
˺ˣƣ˶ɢ˰ɣϷ򣡡
ľֻ˻֣˵
ȻҲκ飬׷׹ɢȥľǰ·ȥĳʮ־׵Ժ䡣
ҲǶľרŸľְŵģɽˮԵúģƺ֮˲١
ˣ°ɣ
ľְڰ֣ʾҲؿ
ȴסģڣȥˣȥˣҲصʲôΣգҲûȥǡ
ư
º󣬶ľֺ˵һȥذݷһ£ϼһﶼһˣȥݷãסǧҪʧ񣡡
ǵģףľӦ
ȷľֲǶľƵĸףĴ󲮸
ⷽ㣬Ȼ˵̫⹫Ҳ룬ȻҲ
ȻΣǾжľѪ飬ǲܷϵģ


1467 
ľԺУľ֣֮Ůʱ򣬸Цݴδٹ
ȴöľλľļ֣ʲôʱôƽ׽ˣ
ôһ죬Ǵյʱȥ
һԹǱǻص߶ľصԺϢľƱҲҪ뿪ţȴľָסˡ
ʲôԸľƲʵ
ưж˽⣿
ľֺһڲ裬ʵĸĸҺǶľ֮ˣ
ţȷˣ
ľƵͷЩԳĵһǵĽţҳ׷ûɴ֮ǰҼʱǼعںã
Լأ˽Σľʵ

ľһʵʲôʲôطԾ𣿡
˵Ծ
ľЦŰڰ֣漴ɫȻһЩ㲻ãʵ̫һЩʮһʥأϼһ˵ѾǴ֮ĳΣζʲôӦװɣ
֮ĳΣ
˶ľֵĻľ𾪵ȻվôܣѵҪͻˣ
챾ʵʥأͻƣǾͳΪǿߣ
ľƱʥ׶˶ʮ֮ãʼնоһЩҲѹ˶ľ֮Ժ󣬻Եˡ
Բ޵ķʸôҲζΪ򣡡
ľ˵ɵ΢΢һ٣һżΪһҲһ
һˡ
ľˣЩɻ󣬶͵뵽ʲô˫ͫȻһ֣ôҲԼĲôߵۡ
ˣЩղʵʲôϵ𣿡ľƽתʵ
룬ź֮࣬ʮ֮ǰʥж٣˵ǿҪˣ
ľֳôһǶľĵϵ˽⣬һʲôʣǷʤ
ڵǼ岻
ľʵȴܿҡҡͷܼᶨĵҿˣ
ȻȷһЩ˵ʲôأ
Ȼ˳֮Ϊа٣˴ҲԼĹأҶڳҲǹмӣĵˣ
ߣĸضҵŮ
ô룬Ǿģ
Խ棬ľƵҲ
ľЩɵЩЦƣҲ룬ֻǶܺѣǲ
ˣʱ䲻ˣҲȥϢɣ
ǣƸˣ
ţ
ľƺܿ뿪ˣľԼȴǾþδܳߣԽأľôᶨĻȴöľָпѣ

ϼһôһˣ
һ׼ȥݷһǣôõһ
ڶϣǶľ⣬ľּ̫ϳϣʸʸ磬ؼرˡ
Լҵ̫ϳȴû
ľҲϻˣѲɣҪǼվ죿Ե
ǣ
ʸҲ֮˵Ǽòһˣòˮ᲻ðɣ
ˣúǷϻ
ľûİ˰֣رƵӣǽȥ˵ϲģͲˣ
˵䣬ľִֻһռͨкرƱ˽ȥʸˣȻ˵ǲܣľֻǵǶһϺÿռͨʧ
ܿ죬Ǳ˶ľУľסǸľԺ䡣
ľҲǵõϢæݼλǿ߶ľļҲʮͣ׷׺֮ʣǶľòֺ
Ͼ˭ϣ˿佱Լ˵Щ佱֮ǳ֮˿ˡ
λǰôˣ
Ҳǵõ˶ľƵĴܿˡ
ŮȴˣڹҲֻһˡ
ר̹ģ
һЦȴЩɶͷԡ
Ƕģ
ʸرҲǷ׷Цŵͷ

ͷЦǰкηԸֱԣСĪҲӣ

ӣ˾ǲЦ˳
˵ϼһﹻ˰
ľּ״ûĵ۵л˵ƨţǵʲô
˵ľ棬˼ô³𣿡
ƲƲ죬˵ˣֲģ
ǣģûأʸ֮ͷ
ˣˣ
ΪΨһŮԣرһЦ켫Ϊ˵˵͸һ
ǵģ
ͷɵλǰȴҲδٴζԡ
Ҳģ
رЦЦּһֱɵУЦԵⶫҲǺԸһϣ㲻

Ŵͣ΢Գִ͡
˵رƵ뾭飿
⡭ܹ˷ܻأ
ǵģ
ʱЩ΢ʱ򣬻ʸҲǳˡ
һģһͬʱС
ҲǺԵһ
˵Ļֻʱٲ٣·ʱɤ۶Ƶġ
Ȼᣬ˵ûʲô˿ȴǾã̩ɽ
⡭λǰⲻðɣ
ڨڨһЦļѡ
ʲôõģ
رưֲֵ֣ǮֻҪ㲻㽫гɣؼҶշһ±ǣҲûҪ󣡡
ʸͷǲֻǽѣ
ǺһЦδ˵
ΪҲϾҵˣΪһôܲչӵأ
ľڱϿһĻЩɻ󣬶ȴܿıǲµеݣɵõһ
˵ˣǻʸرƶӳ̶ȣѾ󡭡
Ψжľȴʮֲ⣬⼸λ棬Ҳöʲô
ðɣ
콫պãλǰһ񣬡ˣСҲ˵ʲôˣлл
лʲô
رƺǺһЦؼطǽֵܣҲ˵һˣпյĻȥؼСסգҲȥָָؼЩĺӣ
ԣԣһʸҲҲǰʸˣǧҪǿʸҲ˵
δԣΪ֪ڶľסպҲ϶ȥҵģϾһүүлôΣ
ܿ죬λǰ뿪ˣĸжĿɵĪĸп˼֡
˷Ϊӡ֤۷һ֦֮ͬ˵


1468 չذ£ĸˣ
ʲôҪչأ
˵ҪչصϢ˾һ
Ǻͼλ̫ϳϸйأľʵ
ţ
ף漴򵥵˵˳öľƶʱ۾Ź⡣
;飬ģ
ûǼλ̫ϳͬ⣬ľƶ޲һ£ֻϧľƼΪľļȴҲûֵӡ
ʸ磬رԼ֮⣬ľֶһϿȥͬ
ûеõ֮ͬǰ˸ɾǺ۷ԣԼ
¶ľƣҲ޷ֺ
⹫
쿴˶ľƵ뷨ǺһЦұչسٽΣ
⡭ðɣ
ľ۾һȴԵʮԥ
ʲôõģ
Ц͸ҵģҲҵĶţǼλǰҲǾԲᷴԵģοֻǸֲ͸
ðɣ⹫Ͳˣ
ľ³һ⹫ллˣ
Ǻǡ
첻ЦЦǶһˣαлߣһ׼үүͼǿأҲˣֶֺΪ
У׼ʲôʱչأľʵ
Աߣһֱû˵ŮҲעš
հɣվͱչأ
գô죿
ľˣʱЩص˵ҪˣЩ¾Щ飬вؿҲ߻ħ³
Ǻǡ⹫ģ
ЦҾȻôˣǾаգʵϣԼоѾһЩıԵһͻƣ㲻ܣҲаձ֤Լľ԰ȫ
ðɣʲôҪ˵ʲô⹫һӦ㣡
ľƺԥ˵ޱȸм˵ģûʲôرҪ
ľбչأܻܲʲôͻأĴŰɣ
֮ܶһ仰ȫǾûģ
ֺŮ˵һȥݷһ̫⹫ľ֣λүԺдʱ䣬öľ׿ڽһЩľ飬ǳ

ڶ죬ڶľƵ԰£쾶ֱȥ˶ľƵרңõͬһĴЩܳ
ľƵļȫǲõЦݡ
½ľһĽ
չؿʼϥϣλ̫ϳһֻţǰɢֲͬɫĹâ
Ȼâǿ˵ΪȴһּΪϢܿǽ뵽˹ž޲붨״̬
ϥǶþδ
ڣ֪׹ȥã΢ǣһʵʰľâδʲôٶұߵǾֱķɵͷϷϢ˲ƻһƹ߲ϵûԺУ鲻Խһٴα˫ۣһν뵽붨״̬
ҷֱľ֣ʸ磬رԼǰ۷˳š
ұߵģԼ̫ϳ
Ȼ첢λ̫ϳϾʵΨһܹȷϵıÿһǿߣҶųԽ֮˵ľ
Ͼ۷ͷԿɲǰģ
ʱ˿̣Ȼ˿״̬â֣ԺкȻϢ˲ַ·Լĸо֮ʱ״ֱ̬ԡ
ʱţĻȫĵĳУ˵Ӻȫܿռ䣬ޡ
ǰվ˵ĻȻܹĴڣУλȴǿһ
İʱ䣬Ҳûһ£˵뿪ˡ
ʱ棬ŮҲһֱڶľڣΪҶ֪ĹϵڶľУŮõ˾Եأû˸Ҷ
֮⣬ˣ绹ãϾѾɴˣҲСʱôƤ
СһȴǳˣеǵټСһֿɰòٶľ֮ϲֱ֣ССһĴڣû˲֪ǵģ
Ȼô棬Ҳվһ졣
ⲻ֮գ컹ڱչδǰÿγԹ緹Ҫȥˣ㲻СһûгȥŮȥչص⡭
裬ְʲôʱŻҧָʵ
Ҳ֪أ
ҡҡͷһ˫ˮ۾оǸֳһĨ˼ʧ
˵ģ²֪ھ棬Ƿǳǳģ
Һְ֣
ҲǴ˵ŮЦŶһۣ֪ȥο
Сһһȷͷۣʱֱ֣ȴΪ֮ᡣ
ڣҲֻϣܹɹˡ
վ˴ʮңȻ΢漴ɫߵѣԼŮͬʱ˲䡣
ߣ
ɷ˵Լ㱻Ůţٵ뿪ֱȥһԺС
ôѽ
ʮֲ⣬û˻ش
Ժеʱ򣬱ʮŵжһѪϢ
⹫
ľɫѿվԺڣŮ׷ǰʺãǵԵ⹫ôˣ
ղţŮͬʱӵԶľƵĴ˵ͶľأԼ˶飬ڱ˷ֵʱѾǻԲѡΪڱչصԵʣԶľҲֻܵһʱ֪ͨǣ
ˣڻ᲻ΣõȵȲȷ
ľҡҡͷȺΪˣ
磬ȥɣⷽ棬ҲЩĵõģ˵
Ŷ԰ôˣ
ľһԼĶͷɴһȥ
ã
֮䣬ڶľƵĴ£ǱǽԺһ䡣
еѪϢŨ˼֣ⷿŴϷֱŵ֮ʣŮɫǲһ

ڻڼ˵ľƴ˽Ҳ֮
Ƕȳȥɣľư֣Ը
⡭ǣ
⼸˲Υ׷׺ܿ뿪ˡ
ʱǱ˫ۣľ˲ɢȥľԼͨ̽鿪ʼϸļǵ
ⲻ黹ã˽֮һȴ˲ޱѿĶʱγˮһ


1469 ״
ʱ˿̣ѿɫҶʮֵģȴҲûгš
һֱȵӹȥŻ˫ۣһĨԵĺâúݵֶΣ
飬ôˣȲʵ
ǰ飬ôѺͳҲǵǲѡ
ľȻûпڣеֽɫȴǲԶ
衭
ֱסȣʱҲС߬Ľģǵġ
ǳȥ˵ɣ
鵯ָ˷ֱιһŵҩסƣŵȥ
˼״ҲǼæϣܿԺз׷¡
飬Σľʵ
Ǳ˷ϵ˵֮˼ΪգһֹĶأ
кâ˸ֻҪתԪΪˣǶر᳹ױʱҪǶؾмĴȾԣ֮Ҳ˶ж
˻
Ļ˲һ
˭ôݶȻ˶֣
ľŭ
᲻Ѫйأ
΢ݣ촽΢ĵڣǴĵ˷ѪĪ֮⣬ʵ벻˭Ϊ
㲻Ѫ£϶Ҳйأ
ۣͷȴǼҪĲ׷취Ϊǽⶾڵָ
ˣ鲻Цһ¡
˵ɫҲ֮Ȼ١
޸һޱ鷳飬ԼҲûκΰգ¾ʦĪˮԵҲʲô֤
˵ڻֹĶˡ
鿴³¶֮⣬ûֶܹصģ
ûʲô취ľƳʵ
ʦƹһֵҩΪڤԪԣֻǣڤԪֻУڱչذЦ
Ҫȥԣ
ƺĿڣɲǼ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ƶ𣿡ľƺǵǡ
֪Ӧÿ΢һԣƻص
⡭
ľƿЦãʱȴǺȻ˳Ƶռڵı֣ɵ۾һȴǶ˼ǿҵϣ
ƶ㣬жٰգʵ
˵
Ƹ׼˵ʲôȴͻأ洫˽ûʲôȥ
֨ѽ
Ĵ룬Ҳ漴롣

硭
ְ֡
Ժ˼˶ʱɫһϲСһǷɱȥޱǵ֣һǶ㡯ӣڴʱҲǿ¶һĨЦݣСһŵ磬ŵܵóȥ
õģְ֣
ԹԵͷ뿪ˡ
ȻСһʮֲᣬϾ¶ûְˣοУջǹԹԵĸ߳Ժӡ
磬ôˣü΢ʵǲʲôˣ
ֻǺȻ鷢أҾͳˣ
򵥵Ľһ£飬ǵô˵˵
ã
ͷٴμ򵥵ظһ飬ɫΪѿһ˫۾иԾޱȷŭĻ棬Ҫɱ˰ǿɱơ
ɱͲѣ¶ľƶǲΪ֮ɫ䡣
ɱֻһգҲûд̫Ӱ졭
ã֪ˣ
ͷʵǲڤԪƣ
һܹסƣڶʱ֮ǣ˵
㹻ˣ
һһӣڤԪֱ˷ڣʮ׼ȷľԼΪ˼ɵǹ춾صãҲûԪ˻ҩԡ
ȻڤԪĪˮоƳʥƷҩ¾ûԪæǵ廹޴Ч˲ת˺ܶ࡭
ȷãﶼ𽥻ָ
ۼһ£ЩϲɫĵӣǲΣˣֻ
ˣȴһ٣ǶؼΪ죬ڤԪľ޴Ч޷ǵ취
¶֮ˣӦ֪ⶾ֮ɣ
ѺĿڵ
㣬Ȼô˵˼ҼȻ˶ôæⶾأ˵ˣ뺣˼ǣҲ֪¶ĵʲô˰˵ߴߴġ
˻ȷʵ飬˵ɫҲ֮
Ȼ
ȴǺҡͷ˵˸żΪǻ۵Ĺâ
ѽ㣬ʲô취ֱ˵ɣٴˣߴٵ
Ҳʮļ͵ѵİ취ء
Ҳֻԣ
˼һԵǿһ߳
߳˵ĸò뽫¶֮ɣ
죡æ
ޡ
ԹԵͷٶԡ
ʵ˵ĲҾ˳
ȣ¶֮ʵ϶ǿȻܹ˹˵ĵôҪɱҲ⣬ΪʲôƫƫҪ¶ǳɹĻصأ
Ѵʱ˿ǻŮ·Ƶģ˵ţôҲֻһֿܣڵĶԸľ壡

ľףһ˫еĺâȴԽ
Σû´Ļڶľп϶˵ߣΪľʱʱƿضľĶ̬ҪǶãֻҪʱϸ£᲻Ѵ֮Ľռݣ
ҲؼģˣҪ˵а취أҪڶľ⣬ǻ
ˣѱǱ첻ԣҲǷ׷˳˼
һ뾡һа취¶ͬʱҪɱڣͻأĿڵ
¶⣬ΪʲôҪɱأľƷʵ
⹫룬ĺ˽֣᲻пʶˣһȹ񲻾Ǳ¶ˣЦ
˼ƺӦضʶģľʵ
һǡ
ۣǵʵףԲһЩȴҲʥأŸʥأôһܹԸͶԸ˵ģ
֣
ľƶȻһ˵ĸֵʱɱӿ֡
һԺܴ󣡡
ӦΪץʱ䣬ǱҪжҸ涼Ҫǵĺһ㣬ȻвغԤϣ
ѽ㣬֮ڸôʵ
ˡ
΢΢һЦǽеļƻ˳˷׷ףİãô죡⹫鷳׼һ£Ǿһҡ
˵첢δԣ̧ңԶʣԵɱ֣


1470 ͻأĺתƻɣ
첻ҪҪҪɱҾ㣡
ǧ򲻸ãҸĸ˶֣Ҫǲ㾾ʬΣ̸Ϊӣ
㵽˭ˣ
ʱ˿̣ϵϢԽ䣬޲һ̱㽫¶֮ҳ
ҳʲôǻõȥ
ţ
Ȼ䣬ƾǿ쿴Ƿ
ˣ˲Ťͷڵķȥɵһȵ˫ۡ
Ƿ侹Ǳһ׹֣ޱ֮ܰУվﶼ̥ǰĸо˶õ˼
ɫһݣæԺΧһ磬ֹ˷֡
ߣȥ
쵱˽Ƿȥ
Ȼ˾һĻˣǰ׹УǾ޷뷿һôʼնһ޻޴˵ǿнȥˡ
⡭ô£
˼⣬ԷеľԼ˸ǵǲѡ
ľڣҶǺһ벻һͣ
ңְ׹Ҳδ̫ʱ䣬ŹʮӺ󣬰׹ɢȥͬδֹƵģνǹ쵽˼㡭
ȥ濴
ȴҲȥȥô࣬һĳ롣
ŵһĻȴĿɿڴˡ
ΪŴŵ˾ȻѾˣȻȥɫЩ԰ףִ󲡳ĸоȴǽ֮֮ǰתǸԱϵĵҲǳȫָ
֮ڵľԼˣֻҪһʱȫָ
ʲôﱻϣʲô춾أѾˣ
ףǡ
ӴվȴͻأһҡΣæȥ
ϵģ
Ͻȥãһ״Ĺ֮⣬ûκ쳣
ʱǶľغҲǱǷ˹Ǻͬڴߡ
ҲæһԼͶϵһģһ첻Щɣѵղŵһжֻλá
ʲôﱻϣʲô춾أȫǼٵģ
ǻǵõ׷ʲô𣿡ʵ
ͻأĺתֱϲ֣ȴҲ

ʻҲ׷׽ŵĹעˣȴǺͶľأһۺ󣬺ɻĵ˵̫ϳϳֵ飬Żڻ;УȴһˣȻ󡭡
ˣĶͷЦȻʲôǵˣǸղ
ǰ
ľҲ֮˵ʧȥ˲ٺҪļ䣬ƫƫôҲ벻ˣ
ǲǷʲô¶òʲôжԵľٶɣ΢Щĵ
ǵģ
ҡҡͷ漴ʹһɫ飬˵һ°ɣ
ã
ף漴ǽŵһж˳˵ĵﱻڶأԼİ취ȵȫɫ˲䣬ȴֶ
һ䶼ûУ
Ķͷɵ飬ղ˵һ׹ʮӺǼָҲ˹
ͷҲɻѡ
ˣûһôµģ
Ҳæһ£ȷĹ֮⣬岢쳣Ҳǳ׵һ
Щʧȥļ䣬Լ飬ȴԾɲһļ⣬޷ɢȥ
ˣȲ˵ЩˣϵܹתǼ£
֣ǺЦȻҲָˣһȥݼһ̫⹫ɣֻǡ
˵Ťͷľʵ⹫˵ǸղŵļƻҪҪ
ҪôҪ
ľƵͷȻǲǵˣûз½һ˼Ƕľ壬Ƿʤ
ǰռƻȥ죿޸һЩҲҪϣ
ţ
ľӦΪ˷ֹ˷֣ǾʱߣҪȥˣ
ǻ׼ȥݷһ̫ϳϣ
ϵȥ̫⹫ǣ
˵ʱһۣȥ룬Ϊ̫⹫Ĺ𣿡
ٺ١ϵͷİɣȥ
һЦҲûٶ˵ʲô̳ȥչļӼ䣬Ѿ˵ʧŪЦã

ϻɽаɷŵڣаɷŸ˲֪˲ĴڣֱϻɽҲûһΥаɷŵķԸ
˵аɷžͬһʵۣľ߶Щ֮
ԴаɷŷչԽѸ٣ϻɽҲûһΣڶϻɽЩҲǲ˽⣬֮ǰȴǴаɷǱ˽⵽˺ܶڵҲʱŰɣ
ݴ˵ڶϻɽһֻΪҶǻԽ򶾣ǽⶾʥҩ
ҶǻȴǾʮһÿһγһƬҶӣȾžŰ˰һʮܳ죬ҲŴﵽԽⶾЧ
ͬһʱ䣬ľԼжҲͨľƵĿڴ˳ȥ˵ϻɽ߾Ҷǻвʮյʱ죬ԶľƱԻߵȺ򡭡
ͬеĺȻŮԼ˵Լǿгص죡
;аɷŵʱ򣬱ǿǱߣ˵˵ȥǣȻ֪СһҪֳʲôء
ϻɽһɽɣӸµȥԼɼɽײһǣ֪浽ЩʲôΨһȷľǣǾҶǻɽײ
ԣǱӪȺǾҶǻŻʮʱʱ
û֪һжͶľƹģʲôҶǻҲֻͨϹŵ伮ҳĶѣЩϢҲǹųȥģΪľǶֵܹţ
ֻһУǷܹãõţ
һԣ飬Ѻʱʱص̸һЩʲôʱǸ촽΢ڴڴĶȴǴ˿ڵˡ
֮ǰΪͻأİ׹תװжӣҲȻΪԻеĵˡ
ҲͬΪ˲˵Ļɣ˵ʱ򣬴ҶѡĴһ˼ΣԷֹ¶ʲô¹һ񡭡
תۣʱȥ
ڼ䣬аɷŸʯһЩԺȵĶ˭Ҳûע⵽ǣʯ໹㱨һЩѶϢҲԸģаɷŵ˶ԱΪľܹõƿزܻ֮ᷢ顭
ǷܹãԼҲǲȷ
ֵ׼ҲǷֹ⣬ܱʲôҪá
ҹüͷһ壬ɫĴҶѹΨСжɡԲѡ


1471 ɽ֮սҶǻ
ɽԵĴֲ̫ïܣЩӰ߲УΪҹԵʣȴԵһƬžҵĺһȻڵЩҲֻǴҹװİˡ
ৡ
ͬҶ㹻裬Ҳע⵽ЩĲ
ɸţƺΧһкκη֣ʱܵĴУȴһӰչ֣һԺڽ棬һϮ£ȻǿǣЩ˻ŵԾǵУͬһȴûзκ
첻ɫۣǿУ֤ᱻЩ˷ֵǰ£ȴѾǵԼʵ׷׿˸ɵ¶һĨаЦ
Щ˵ʵǿʥأ͵ȴҲʥһأ˵ȷʮǿ
ֻϧҪ˲١
ƺϣЩһŵѰȴǾֱĳмȥ
ľԼڵĵط
ӣЩ˹ȻǶ֮ΪϤȻ˿ٵķֱ˭˭
ЩɵľۼΧһ˾ܣʣµֱӽڣһ֪Ȼѵأ֮һں֮ǿ˲٣첻뵽˵Ѫ½ֵһĻĻ
òϣЩѪ֮ԽԽˡ
أ
ͻأģȻһ죬漴һ˵Ȼã壡쳷
ৡ
ʮʥ֮˺ԥıǳ⼱ȥȫнֹ
ǣûȥڵǼˣ
֣
ҲֵļͬʱҲ֮ˡ
͵ط𣬱̳Ǹ˹ȥ
ܵĿռ֮ӿʵʥ֮ˣΪ̫żԵʣʲôЧĵֿѾֱӺ˳ȥͬʱٶٴգۼǿԪ˲ӿ˵ֻһ˺ѷΰĲҺǵȻϣ˺Ȼ˷׹ء
һڿѪͬһſڵϣ˽һ֮⣬ȫûʲô
һߣ񽣣飬ѣԼҲǷֱ˸ԵĶֳ֣һΧȦЩȫΧټ֮Ѹ͵ĹƣЩ˾˲Ҳܡ
ڣżҵǺָܿƽ
漴ľغ˲߳ΪƻδȫָԵʣϵĲ԰֮ɫ֮ǰո˼֣ȴͬһ벻м
ϵû°ɣ
һ˵ĸߣĵʵ
ô£
˰֣ЦȻǵʵûȫָҪһﻹûģ
õģ
ϵֵɪĸ׶ľȴʮЦЦ
ҲһЦ㲻ùǣȥһ°ɣ
ã
ȷûºһǼսš
ȣȻǰŮԵĶˣϾ׼һЩڣѯţҲзִ磬Ҫ⼸˵С
ȥ׼һ֮ʱһȴȻؽֱֱ£ǿǽֱ룬쿴ĿЦã˸ֱֱķŰۡ
һ˵˶ٴˣôһ㶼ĲˣҪŪôѪȣ
ϾԷ٣ʵһľʥȻǵȷǿ˲٣ܹһҲԸ̫࣬Ƕֶ֮ʱȻ̶ȵҪ£ʼջһЩ϶
ҲΪڴˣȴЩʵǿʥ֮ˣֿ϶Ļᣬһ˲ˣ
ƣɵüΪεҡҡͷ
ˣ磬⹫أ
ȻΧʵ
ľ֮ǰأôˣ
켱æΧȥҲǷ׷ɻѣȴǸûҵľƵӰ
⹫⹫
ţ˳ȥ
Ȼϻɽڶľ˵ʲôΣգ˻ǲЩģϾľƿʵʵĳ
ˣеĲ𣿡
ʱľƵǰɽ´˾һ
ǿЩˣŷ²һ𣡡ľֵ
ߣ
˾ȴҲû˿ɣ׷׳·һԾȥ
ȻɽŰɸߣ˵㲻ʲô⣬ֻǻǷֱľˣϾΪղŵĳ֣ҲȷһЩ
ৡ
ܿ죬˱Ƿ׷ɽ·
Ǹոյִ֮ʱöľһɫʯͷϣǰſʮǱٵĿ֮ˡ
ס
ܹȥ˿ɵþⲻǸղܵһô
ǣ
Ҳǰһ£Ҿʮֲ⡣
Ӧ˵ǾҶǻĴڣ
ľƺǺһЦضСǶָ֮ӦþžҶǻãȻӦǵõʲôǾҶǻֶпãһϲݳ
˵ľƲüëһЦֻϧȴ˻ͷӵĴڣٺ١ҷִһת֮󣬱ֱӸ˹ȻҲ׼ˣһﻹôģ
ץס˾ͺãܱǻȥźúܶ࣡
Ҳ֮һΧЦ⹫ĪΪҶǻǼٵĲɣ
ѵģ
⻰˾һ㶣ľƲƲ죬СӣźŪϷǾҶǻԴϹʱڵڣʧӰˣôܻ֣
Ǻǡ
һЦǻ˻ּ䣬Ϊ˷ֹһպõѩƷ˳
ѩһ˼Ȼһ׹⳯ɽһͷȥٶȽ֮˼֣󼸺ֻգۼĹСһ»ص컳С
ҪǣѩƵҧһݡ
ֳͨһֵĺɫƬҶӿ⣬ȴַ·ϢţעģȴϵһŲʹâƵĻһױȵĻԣڳֻ㣬˲泩˺ܶ࡭
ݣǾҶǻ
⣬⡭
˼ˣһ
ľƸǴɫʯͷϿǰֱ㶵ĿžҶǻŬһԼ۾ôҲš
ٺ١
һЦѩƿнҶǻ£ݵ˶ľУЦ⹫ǲ
ľƽӹȥû˵ʲôȴǷȥĿ˺ü飬̧֮ͷ죬Сӣô֪ľҶǻСӣòǰ̽˰ɣ


1472 ʦϵչأ
ŶľǾĻ쵱һЦöľƶʱûĵһۣСӣ㻹Һ⹫Ҵˣʵ
ʲôýģ
ƲƲ죬ȻûԹ⹫ɱˣϻɽ˭ĵ̣

⻰ľһʱ͡
˴ʱҲǷ׷ЦŪöľƺòΡ
ʵɡ
˵֮ԽѡߣҲǰ˵ģȻҪûľҶǻڣЩһϵ⹫òΪǱôƭɣ

Ϸʵľɫһڣǲ֪νӿڡ
ҺΧҲȫԼˣȻҪиСӸô˵Ļľļõ쭣
Сӣ͵ɣ
ľͷߵĳһۣˣߵҲǽˣϽģСӣѻŵһȥҶǻô죿
Ȼҩ˰ԥػص
ҩҲԣǸʦ
ľƵͷû˵꣬һԿЦһ£˵⹫磬ҶǻʥƷҩĲϣڿ»ãȻҩЧ˷߰˳֮࣡
ǡ
ľЩ΢
ֻȴ漴ЦЦֵİɣҲǺ˵ģ֮ǰұ֪ͨʦܿͻģٺ١ʦ˵ȱôһݣ
ŶǾͺãȻҵĻ˷أʦ˵׼ֽһµʥƷҩͷӦ
ˣ߰ɣЩһҲûȥúϢϢˣ
ľһ֣ǳԸ
Цãڳ֮˶ֵҲֻͿˣܲԼĸԼŮɣ⹫ˣȻ»ᱻ˵ǲˣ
һ˺ܿӶϻɽ뿪ȥһаɷŽǲͣĻȥ˶ľء
ΪľܹЩڣȡܹǿ֪һЩ
Ҷǳ֣ôԶľ壬һǴҶԲ̵ģ쳣ŭҪ֪Ļ֮˵˭ֱ޲ðƤʬΣó

صľأľƽʵ˹ȥŸĸǣСһѩĲֺӣǸоޱȵҸ
һ֮ʦĪˮӻԪ½ˣǺͶľƣԼǴһкǳȲ֣ɣ
ʦ
ڨڨһЦǼæҶǲݵ˹ȥ
ǾҶǲݣ
Īˮϲѣͷһιﳢ˳ȫ˷Цݡ
ζˣ
֮࣬ĪˮֱӱһڣֱЦãһٶȴ·صǰˮɽӡ
ҲǾʦ§ϼڣõʱ޸ĸܵޱŨĸ
ˮɽǶӣȻ࣬ҲʱͷϹԶָűӴҲ޷ǵҸ
˵ûǶӣ;ûĽ죡
ϣĪˮѾͬĸף֮ûκ
˼λЦˣ
ĪˮعǰǸЦЦŤͷ˵ܸܲҰһңҪ
Ȼԣ
ԥĵͷӦ漴ĸ׶ľأҪʦȥǸǳīȣ徲Ҳû˸ȥţ
ۣʲôеģ
ľصӦɣˮ㣬Ҵȥ
õģлл
Īˮһл漴ǸŶľˣͬеĻǶЩЦá
ˣ
߳ԺſڵʱĪˮȻͣס˽ŲŤͷ˵ʱ䣬ȥһ£ʦʲô׼㣬ȴԹŶˣ˵ǶҪģҲʦǰ֮ҵģ
û˳ʵ
ˣǺǡ
ĪˮһЦУǺܿ뿪ˣ֪˵ʲôãȴ˲Ҳʱȥˡ
ͷϹԶ쫷ҽҪڴм֮ȥҵĶһԼҪģ֪ʮֲס
ߣҲȷܾûȥˣûȥǰֵܺѡǿܵĻԽһ
ȥ֮ǰһüչأ
°ͣ볯˵Ҫչˣ
ְ֣㻹Ҫչذ
һĻѩʮֿĵʱ˹СֱסĴȣˮĴ۾ǲᡭ
˵˵Сһ¶ЦգҲǽԼ֮ǰչصջŽһ飬˲κ
ϾʵκʱҪģ
ܹͻ򣬲רǱؽһĺ£ٺѪ֮˶ϣҲ˸ǿĵƣ

գ컹Ǽչˣڱչصңѡ⹫ľרõǸ
Щڶϻɽб׽ˣɽľʣܹóõϢǾҪľԼֶˡ
⣬ʦĪˮ
ʦܹٴоҳɹƳһµʥƷҩô˵Ҳżİ
ʦｫΪʷʦһˣ
Ҳһּ
˴αչأʮ㣬вɹͻƱ㲻ص˼
ϧֹȥº컹ʧˡ
У˫ۣ޷εʧ
Ȼƾλ̫ϳϵľ飬ʮ˳ﵽʥ۷ĳ̶ȣʼվú򾳽һЩ·һĸĤʼմڣ뾡˰취޷õͻơ
תһ룬Ҳʮģ
ôͻƵĻôܻôʥصˣЩгųɾŵĶֹֻڴˣܻ۷ļ
ȻΪ۷ļҲԼƣͻҲֻʱĳ⣡
ԣƺЩı仯
ʧ֮࣬üͷһ壬æĿ
ﲿλǧý֮⣬Ȼеĸ飬ľ飬ˮ飬飬飬ռԼ߿ӣȴʱԼֻ֡
Ȼڸо仯ȴЩڵﲿλۼУһϸ΢
һϸĲ̽𾪵ķ֣һȻǡ֮
û֮
ǰйμ򣬺͸о֮Եľ飬ȫӹɵľԿ϶
ô£
˼⣬üͷֻ֮ͻƵŻֵ𣿶ңһ֮Ȼӵ˿ˮϡ
ϧλ̫ϳУûⷽĽͣɻͲ⣬ҲֻԼȥڵȴͬɶаͷԣ˵ʲôĽˡ


1473 ̴С
ǳīȣ
ǵľ֮󣬱ľǿдߣѺյĵط
ʮꡭ
˵˶ľĻ䡣
ڣǳīڣľһϣһʱʱԶСԺһҲɶľΪһЩȥľҲȴʱš
̡̣
ʱһ֮һȥ֮첽˽

ľˣЦǺǵ֣̣
˲ǱˣǶľҲı硣
һߵʱ򣬵һѱǶľˡ
ûжľҲ֪ǳīȵĴڣԼĸס
ֻǺΪ̫Եʣټ϶ľԼҲǾչأҪȻǳ⼸ʱвźĽһЩϾѪŨˮ໥ҲûǶԷ˼
ΣľͶľǻϢʹȥȺȾƣûҲչˣҲֻǳīߡ
̣
ľ֪飬ЩΪľرƽŶľغദôǢ֮ʱҲٶЩ
ϾҲֻһֳ飬ܹǲ̫õģ
ض񣡡
˰֣Ц㣬Ȼһ˲ţǱð
̹ˣ
ľòǷǷ̣м
ʲôʱôˣ
ľЦŵʲô;˵ɣѲ֪ģСʱ䲻ĪСӻѧҿˣɲǰ㰡
ٺ١
ľڨЦͷγȥûһŮ˺ȻңȻ˵ѣһŶˣҲֽģ
˵䣬ľкȻһ
һСֳͨӨ͸ı̴ɫǽиˮƵģΪƯ
ʲô
ľغܲùȥȥĿ˺ü飬ȫһͷˮ
Ҳ˹̴С˺ÿ֮⣬ƺκôҲǰ˼⡣
˭㽻ҵģľʵ
û˵˭˵һ㣬˵պã֮ͻˣŶС
ˣľһ٣˵˻˵ˣⶫǸ̷ģ
Һ̷򣿡
ľһ졣
ƺǸصŮˣǵָư⵽ôһ£
ǸŮû˵ʲôˣʲôӣ֪ɣľذű̴Сʵ
⡭
ľȴڨڨһЦ˵̣ҼԲãʵǸ˺ģһ㶼ܹȷǣһɫȹҡ
ʲôľؼʵ
Ӧ̷ѣǺϤľǻص
ѡ
ľػһ£ʼպκμ䡣
Ѳ࣬ɫȹĸûһôһǴӺ˵أ
ɶľȴһĪͷǸ֮˵ʵʵڵģ
Լ䣬޷ϤС
ˣˣ
ҡҡͷľ˵ûµĻȥúϢһ°ɣ
Ŷã
ľԹԵĵͷ֮뿪ˣľʱҲǱ̴Сպã˵һЩȥĻǽ֮ĸڲ֪䣬ǵõ˲ٵ

תۼ䣬Ǽչȥ
ľƵרУڵĻᷢﾹȻһˣԭӦڴ˴չص죬Ѿټ
Χˮɫɫ໥Ƶռ䣬·ΨҶĸоռκһԶһռ䲨û𡭡
ڲԼﲿλ֮ڣ֮ƿˮ֮󣬺ȻŪռ䣡
ˮռ䣬ռ䲻ͬǣռˮ˫ԵģҪռУһĸоףĽпơ
֮⣬һ㡭
ռڣ仯Ūˮԣԣˮ˫ԵĹԽռȫ֣ν浽˼㣬Ҳоޱȵ𾪡
⵽ô£
ܲ⣬ҲһʵĽ͡
ܿ죬ԺȻһʣ
ʣֱţ
ʵûͻƣʼͣʥ۷壬ôܻأ
ֻ֪ʵܹר
һôǾԲܸıġ
ƫƫռ˵ȴƺʱ仯ƫˮԻ߻Եĵ桭
ȻҪ˵ôΪʲô֮Ĵڣ
ռ䣬Ժĸ֮ܵҲǽܹ֮Կռı仯ָʹ
ʱû취ͻˣ
˦˦ͷı仯ռͻأɢȥҲ֮һС
ҺûˣȻԻᱻһ
ȥ̫⹫ʰɣ
Цһ£֮ʧٴγֵʱȴѾ̫⹫ľڵԺ⡣
ȻˣǾͿɣ
û쿪ڣľֵǴС
΢΢һЦƿԺ˽ȥ
ʱĶľͥԺеҡϣһҡεڶʱʱغһڣԵ⡣
ľһ֣һӴӷڷ˳ֱӷɵƮƮ׹أ˵
Ŷã
ҲЦ̫⹫ӹÿⰡôȥߣڵǺܲͬأ
Ҫȥڣ
ľҲЦŵ˵ˣҪҳȥˣڹңҲ𣿡
ٺ١ԣڨЦͷ
ˣСӣ˵ɣʲôҪ£ϷְСϾƺֱչһ£ôֻʥ۷壬ѵû˿𣿡ľ˵
ЩʼղһЩ鷳ӣ⣬Ҳһֵ飬̫⹫ҿأص
Ŷ
Ļľֵ£΢ֱӣʲôֵ£
ŵ
վĶһ֮ϼӣת˲ǽͶľͬʱܵĻҲһ䣬˲ǴǸˮ˫ԵռС

׼˵ʲôʱǶľеĲȻˤȥϽס˿Ƕľȴŵĵɴ˫ۣ·ӶҪƵģǽһ
̫⹫̫⹫ôˣæʵ
࡭
ľֺһʮʿˮүŤЩӲĲӳȥŵĵ⡭򣿡


1474 𾪵̫⹫
⡭򣿡
ĸ֣·ǧѰӶľֿ˵ʮое𾪣ţ
򣿡
ԼȻ֮ǰ²⣬˶ľֵĻкݺݵһ¡
ûеôأ
ҿ
ܿ죬ľֻعһ𾪵ƽһЩ󻺻˫ۡ
ʱ䣬ĸо̫⹫Ƴ֮Ҳһ˲䣬оԼռЩ֮ų⣬ȴͬСϴ˰ĸоռʱбĿܡ
Ȼˣ򣡡
ľٴһΧƵ֮ɢȥ˵ˣɣ
ǣ
첻ҳɣæһǽǸռ䳷漴Ͷľ˵αٴγ֮ǰǸԺС
Ȼ³֣ԾǾþδ
ľֶĿǺ浽˼㣬ǰ̫⹫᲻һеĳȻԼ⵽ڳ׽һ㣬ɵһ
̫⹫̫⹫ôˣ
켱æ
ʱ̺һ˿˿ԪǶľֲһȴǴʱָ˹

³һľɫŹֵҡϣĿȴԾɽ죬ƺҪ쳹׿͸һ
̫⹫
ٴγû˵ʲôľֱǰ֣ϵôӵģ
Ҳ֪ôȻԼðˣҸһЦӦ
ԼȻð
ľͷߡ
СӣΪʲôײ˻СԼȻð
ҪЩʥغʵ⻰һͷײ
˼ǧ඼һܹ򣬵ô⣿Сװ׵ް
ľûĳݺݵһۣҲڨڨһЦ漴յľָǰЦ̫⹫ĿȷǸ𣿡
ϻ
ļֱ̌ͷһ۵Ī㵱Ϸۻϲ
ǣһξͲܸı𣿡췴ʵЩίӡ
ϻ
ľָûˣ׵üëһСôʣĪܹ仯
Ű
ڶľĿУ˵Դ
ʲôⲻܣ
ľٴαˣ͵شҡվֱץס˫磬СӣɱŪϷʲôʱܱ仯ˣ仯ҲӦڸԵķΧڱ仯
ǰ
¶ҡҡԴҾãҵ֮ʱԼһЩµһ໥ںϵĺܺãһ㶼̫⹫˵
£ȵȡ
ľָоԼٶʱǰ׻ˣĴ󲿷ָڴ˿̱һԶȫƷ
ɿץס֣ҡϣһԼ̫Ѩһߵһۡ
СӲ򣬱򣡡
˵µҲ˵ܹԣǿ
֮⣬Сӵ˼о˵תĳһԵĹ̶
Բԣǲҷ˼
˵ļ̌ͷ죬һ˫ʮֻǵУ˿ȴޱȴݲеľâ

챻ûЩëڨЦ˵ͷӦǰɣ
ʲôӦǣ
ľֵһۣǾǣǾͲǣСӣǲǣ
ǣ
Դֻáͨһľֺղûµҡεڵϡ
̫⹫
켱æǰɶľȴֱӰ˰֣Сӣ˵Ⱦһ

վԭزκζ˿̵ĶľһԺȥһﲻ߶ʲôʱʱһֺǹŹֵ񿴼죬Ū첻ⶼЩţƫƫȴֲҳţֻͬľƵվǶﵽ˼㡭
һĻڳĻʱЦ緹ɣ
ڣһʱľͣ˽Ų߻صǰȻղ˵仯𣿿ɲеĸһ£
Ȼԣ
ԥĵͷ漴䣬ٴνͷ˳ڶľֵϸУֱˮ˫Ե򣬷ֱ˲תˮԣöľָܵһּµıүӿĿҲǸӾ˼֡
Уղ˵ʱµʾһ𣿡ľʵ
Ӧÿ԰ɣԣ
һ£ǵ˵ͷ
Ͼֻһоûо֮ǰǲ˵ٷְٵġ
ɲǼ䣬ˮ˫ԿռУȴתУȻһµöľɫȻһ䣬ȻĿԣôܣ
һӺ󡭡
ˣҹ滹ڲϵںϣ˿ûһų
Ӻ󡭡
Ȼںϵô죬ˣˮ˫һӱˮԣֱţŰ
ʮӺ򳷿촭ŴɫЩ԰׵ĺͶľһͬ»صԺڡ
ôˣ
̫ӣľּæǰá
û£
ҡҡͷЦֻЩѣңղҲûȫںϣ
ЦżΪԽȫںϣǲһߣԼʵĻӦþͿԳɹˣ
ˣСӣȻָһ°ɣ
ľֽãĿ뵽״̬󣬶ľɫŹֵ˳˼
ľֵȴԾɲ١
ʱ˿̣ҲܲԼһУνͣľָͷԡ
Ҫȥϼһ
ľһ˿ɻ󣬶ȴǺܿҡҡͷУԲУڵòҪ̫֪Ϊ
˲УӦÿԣ
ľֳżҲҵˣҲ˵ĻҲ֪ܿģɴԣô죡
뷨ȶľֱ漴ָһһֱĴռ䣬֪˺η
żӺһռ䲨ӣӱǾֱĳԺУһڻָе죬Ťͷľʵ˵ľСӼææĽʲô
ˣԹˣ
ľûĵȻҪ飬ǹϵģҪȻΪͷǳԶû𣿡
漴ԽԽ𾪣ԽԽŵɫУľֱǽŷһмΪϸĽ˳ɴ˫ۣЦľСǲԴˮˣô˵ô


1475 
ҲѹŶľֵĻϾǻôãô飬Ҳδ˵ܹڲʵר򣬶һô档
˵ˣ¾۷̫ϳȫڴˣҲֻǶľڿЦ˵ôܻʵ飿
ȻǶľʩչ򣬿ҲԻһš
ƺԼ˷ӵĺöľֶʱ֪ôȥֻͣĵһۣ˵ΪǷ˻ɵˣѲɣһƭ㣿
С˭֪
ƲƲ죬Ծɳš
ãã㲻ǰɣҵţŹľòˡ
Ⱦ͵ȣСѵŪ
˦˦ͷԹԵһ£Ķ豭һǶľֵϷʡ
ˣҪļһʲôʱƭ㣿
ľĸоҪˣڻָȥŵĻ޲̽ץʩչһˮ˫Եˡ
С
˶ľֵĻŶȣƲǰƭһƭ𣿡
úϻҵţ
ľһͬСƵıͷȥٶԡ
׻˵ССָľ˰ɣ
һʱ䣬ľԺУ˼˵ĺ֮⣬κ
ʱҲƾתתԼﲿλľĸָŹȥ˰ʱң˫ۡ
ȻʵδȴԵĸоԼ֮ƿظһЩҲոһĨϲɫ
ס
۱ǼڴˣɵЩɻ
ûʲôľȴץֱ۵򵽵ô£ŶˣҲˣڵòҪ֪ҲǿԼˣҾ֪ͨǣû뵽ϲļһﾹȻ˵Ļھֻпˣ

̫⹫һĻŪЩͷۻһʱЩ֪οڡ
Сӷʲô㣿ľִߴٵ
Ŷãã
عʱҲߵǰ򣿡
Уš
ǵģүӣ
ͷŽˮ˫һգȻ˲ӵʱ䣬ȴҲܵʮʱɵɫЩס𾪵ɫ޷Ρ
ôܣôܣ
ϵҡԴ˫ԵģԹֱδδŰչգչգ
ҡͷԣĿⲻϴǺ޲ýʳһ
˵Ϊ˿ܲҳһʵĽͣľֵ˵
͸ƨͣҪ֪ͺˣ
ûĳľֵһۣ漴һȥȥôͶһ㿴ΣȻǵȷ򣬿ʵ̫һЩ
еĴͶ㣬ҵ̫ϳϡ
Ȼ»û쿪ڣǶľȴվ˳ֻüۣȵʲô㣿ҶľסôӣôżҪ뿪ĪǵҶľݲ𣿡
ú˷ϻ
ȴƲƲ죬֣ھߣ
үӣһߣ
Цҡҡͷ߻飬Ҳһ̣֮ٻȥɣ
û˵ѣȷ¡
һʦĪˮڱչ콫ʦģܲܽʦһɣ
ڶǾǹǼڵ飬ĺһʱ俴⹫ʳʲôĽѪйء
⻹һ㣬͸ĸþòȻĸڵĶԼҲֵĵԻָΪԷһҲҪգⷢʲôʣ
ҲĵģΪӣȴҲòô
Т˳ÿһ˶Ӧģ
ٺ٣˰ɣǲȥģĻľʱЦ
УУǾȲȥ
ȴûƬ̺͵ָһһƿնȥղŶľΪҲ࡭
Ȼȥұ㽫˼֪ǣԹãҲһǣ˵

һȴҲڶ˼ֺ档
һֱ֪ܹλ̫ϳϣҲֻһˣλȷںǺ档
ľȴЩ΢㶣תȴҲˡ
ϵ飬ܹĻԸıһֱĳЩɣԼǿֶֺΪأ
ৡ
żӺ󣬹ȻһһŮͬʱˣľκˣǼľƶûо
ͬһֱӳ֣ǽһæŤͷȥ
еü԰ףȻһ׷ͯյߣüֲ֮ŭ֮ɫȥݡ
ŮȴͬһƵģӱϿʮ꣬ȴַ·ʱبžԶĸоһʱȷ˾ûбϿôᣬһ˫ȻŵЦݣȴֳǻ۵ĸо·Կһһ
磬㡭
˵ĵ˹ȥ
ҵλ̫ϳϣеΪ쾣ŮΪԣҪǸһԷޣٶǰΪҵ̫ϳϣһֱĻҳʲôΣĹͷǾԲ
ܣ׳˺£㾹ȻϧķһΪˣԳʵ
ϴ󣬶㣬þòǿɻǵС𣿡ľҲ߹ȥ˹ʵ
ֵܣ㣿
ľӵһ£˵ͬһ㣬һִ֮Уж̫ϳǵظ˼֡
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ľһЦǰĹϵȷΪ
ˣɵ¶һ˵ɣ
ʱĴϣֵ
˹ȥż磬㣬죬ҵĻڵʵ±ȼҪǿϼŶңʮһ꣡
ʮһꡭʥ۷壡
Ļ쾺˵Ŀⶼˢˢϣһε𾪡
λ̫ϳϣ
칪һ̬ȹȴ
ض񣡡
̧̧֣оһ޷Լ⾪ȡ
ܣ㽫Һʹе˴Ϊǽ𣿡쾳ʵΪѣ
粻ļ¹ش󣡡
ҡҡͷ漴һŹֵĿһۺ󣬱ǽ˵һ飬ͬʱľҲԱʱʱزһЩ쾺ԸΪ𾪣˵ĿϣҪ쳹׿Ƶġ


1476 ԣĵλ
ľ˵Ľ쾱ǵļ򣬴޵Ȼ򵥰ССͱʵܹƳ֮
ˣ
ǷǷȻϱĵЩʹȴ˿ı֡
һֱڰ֧ҵ̫ϳϣ췢ĵļΪء
ְ
ʱҲǿˣʮû˰ɣôĵط׼
˵ﻰ
ľˣʱЦŽ뵽¡
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ԴһΧȴʧ£޵
ʵʵ̶ȵ˵ҪʲôܲУ˵Ҳ̰֮ˣܰĵػԼ֮أ
˵ʵҪġ
֮գ
ԣʱԲҲֻǿЦˡ
ľҲûϣЦЦ漴ʵ磬㣬ǾΣ
˵
һĨɻ󣬲׶ľΪʲôҲ׽ĳƺ졣
㣬֪ҵĻǶľϼһԱ˵ĸףڶľľƵŮ
Ŷԭˣȴû뵽ȻҺľǺǣ
һЦ˵ôɣ
СʮԸ⣡ʱӦ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ¶ΪЦݣֵղֻ˵˵νΪۼΪʵųǸһ£Σ
ǣ
첻ҳɣæͷ˳ˮ˫Ե֮˲쾺˾ɫһ
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һеģ
ԵĻľʱ˴Ĵָ޵㲻Ƕ㣬һӱ˵ص㣡ղչʾȻһЩȷ໥ںϵƣҹƣӦʵԲһЩԵʣǵɵõĳ̶ȵ
Ҳ֮ףȴδԡ
ܹںҿɴû
üͷòʲôɣӻ᲻ʲôΣ
Ӧòᣡ
ҡͷȻҶΪֻе򣬵ⲻֻһƵ˵ѣ
ңһ֮˭涨Ҫģ
˵΢һ٣һ죬żֵʲôĸ֮߱ģ֮ǰҲ㲻ʲôһֱֻǴû˸ȥԶѣ

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òϣȻ˵ĵȷеܹ˭
֮ǰģ֮Ҳֻǰһ˶ѣ
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֮ԣ쾣Լľ˵Ŀⶼһ죬ֻëֱֱЦá
Լıʲô
֮⣬ƺʲôûа
飬ܹ
ԵЩԥ
Ʋ˲ᣬһ˫·Կһе˫ۣޱߵǻۣ·ʲô鶼ƵģáݣҲˡ
˵һԷô࣬Կ϶²⡣
ȿȡ
ʱ¶ۼĳʹһɫ漴ЦôֻҪǶûʲôͺã㣬˵ǰɣ
ԣԣ
Ȼһʱ˼ǰĻЦŵͷһʵҲʥ۷壬˵ҵĵһˣ֮򣬾϶ӵ¶
ǣ
ԼӵĻҲͷ
Ȼ̫ϳ֮ףҲֻʵ棬˼ⷽ棬ȫԵģһ˿һԥС˭ǸףټϱǷҪǿأ
ûԵǻۣҲڣʵ
ӣһ򶼺أֻҪԵľȻκηԣ
һĵã
ԥһ£ջóһݵǰǸһɣϣ㲻Ҫǣ
ⲻðɣЩԥ
ûʲôõģǴҶһˣҲ˵ǻҪշһأ
Ц˵漴ҲǽֱУܾܾˡ
޷ֻܾպֳһʾл⡣
ղŵĲƴڻУҶȥΪʲô
Ʋ˵ΪĿܱĳı֮ǰֹӣȴôҶ֪Ͼ˼ԼĶѲǻȥǿȡ
ΪһһڵĶȥôһ붼òֵá

ⷿ˵һԶԴޱᣬȫһֳľԹ磬ҲЩ֮ܳС
ˣ
ȻԺһڲʲôƵģǵĹأһʵ򣬱ԶΪ̫ϳϣԴкο

һ漴Ц̣˵Цˣʲô
ƺҲԵǿҪ£޷ܾġ
ƺΪ̣ȻƺҲ쾲ˣҲƺΪ壬ǶľڱϿĿࡣ
һֱ֮Ĺϵܺá
ľҲֵ֪ǰºͣʵȴҲһĸˣʲôʱȥһֶ
ң쾺˾Ȼûз
ûע⵽ľֵı飬ԳЦЦαԷƱȻδ򣬵Ҳʥ۷壬һ֮ңҪǣȻ֮еĵλȻҪһЩǣ
ǰ
Ҳ֮˵ʵִˣ黳
λ
ľԱö΢һ£漴ȻʲôƵģпٵһĨ죬˼Լ飬ľҲһֱδڶ˵ʲô
ʱһߵȴǹһЦ磬㣬ǸòΪҵĵλ̫ϳϰɣðҾ˫޳ɣ


1477 ʳϢ
̫ϳϡ
ЩЦã˵ʵڵģûǷȥ롭
ղĲ˵Ȼͬκ飬ʮֲ⡣
ʵƺûдﵽӵĵزǰ⼸˸ǿߡ
ֻԼ̫⹫ľҲЩ΢Ͼ˼Լ飬ľҲö˵ʲôֻԵôõĽлԼҲû뵽ĳЩԭ򡭡
Ͼ˵ֳһУȷѾ˳Ϊ̫ϳϵվһǲɸĵģʵ̫һЩ
죬ʮһѡ
ʮһʱЩʲôأ˵ʥڣˣºЩԪûء
̫ᣬĳЩʱҲһ޷粵ƣ

죬ջԵ̣Ҫ˰ɣҲܾڼģôߵĵλҲӦĹףԱ𣿡
˵òˣ
ûԿڣ֮˵Ϊ̫ϳϣǷڼûйϵߣΪ̫ϳҲһǵʱʱ̶̿ڰ㿴Ҳʮ꣬ʮ겻𣿡
⡭
һĲö˵
Ǻǣˣ
Ҳʱ漴˵ǾôˣҲö룬ǵĽ飬ҲҪһ̡Ҳ֪£Ҳһ̣Ƚ鴦ˣȻȻؼһ˾Уãȥ֮Ҳڱձչء
ðɣ
޷ܾˡ
ȻԼ̴˾ٻ˼˼ȥҲ벻еԵɣ޷ܾҲֻܾʹӦЦĸǿĲѡ
쾣Լλҵ̫ϳҲûڴ˴ͣͶľ˵һ켸󣬱һͬ뿪ˣ

켴Ϊ̫ϳϵ飬˶ľ֮⣬Ů֪飬Ҳûȥ˵
˵ʵڵģԼҲʲôֵø˵ĵط
ְλԽߣԽ
һȴû̫ΣǳΪ̫ϳϣ֮ǰô
첻ҿ϶ԼȴĪĸоˣ

ͥԺУ첻һ̾ǰĶľּˣҲǹЦЦҲ̫ˣ
̫⹫̫࣬ǡ
Цһ£Ҫ˵ʲô֮ʱͻأȴǱ죬ɫҲ֮Ȼ˲١
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ããȥɣ
ľЦŰ˰֣ʱȥöľֿ˲΢΢һЦҲֳޱȵο֮ɫ
һߵĺԺĳУӶľǱ뿪󣬱Ǵæϵ

ľⷿڣǰǹżˣһ˿̣Ҳ̶ã¾ûһõĵط
⼸ˣҲǵǶϻɽУҪҹϮɱľԼЩڡ
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⹫ôˣߵľߣʵ
ȷѪµˣѪʹ
ľɫأ˵
УľƽʵĽܿ콲˳
ʵҲܼ򵥡
Ѫʹ֪Ӻδ֪ˣҪصľϢǰǵıؾ֮·
ȣǿƳϵ˵ĵͼǴӴ˱ɷˡ
αֹĶˡ
¶Ѫʹ˵ȴһõã
һֹĶԼ֮⣬˸޷һҪľԼ˼Ѫ£ƿضľ壬ɡ
ڶϴӦԸҲѣôȥɣѪʹǻصľ֮һΣôȫΪƣΪ˵ʵףƵҲ϶ʥǿߣ
һĻسӱټֻҪôȥڵٶҲſӣʱľؿ²±ΪһƬ֮ء
ཻڵһ˵ڶʵǲ˵
ѪʹһõļƲߡ
ȻҪɹҪ޷ⶾѪʹּƻضʧɣ
ȻѪʹȴôҲû뵽ʲӵľҶǻԽⶾҲ͵һҹڶϻɽ顭
û뵽ǣǽһȥļƻ
ȻѪʹδܹץסôڣҴǿҲ˽˹ǸѪʹ˵Ҳһջˡ
ѪʹʲôˣȶľƼ򵥽֮֮ʵ
Ҳ֪
ľƿЦҡҡͷ漴ȴۣâ˸ʲôˣȻҶҶľ˶ҲŹ
⹫ɴ⣡
˵Ѫʹ壬˶ʮʱδ֣ʵҲεĺܺãѪʹҲ򵥣ʵҪѪʹһЩ
Ȼ⣡
ľЦЦֻ֮¾ܾʹ˽ˣЩô㿴δΪã
˶ľƵĻû쿪ڣЩһıǽģڲϵĳ˿ͷֱ˼㣬һֺηӶûУϸΪм
кâһĿ⼸ɨ³һɱ֣
˵ģͼҪϮɱˣǾ͸ûи첻ɱǵɣ
ĻľвֳһĨο֮ɫ
ԼЩ˵Ŀģء
Ǿɱˣ
ľͬԵúƽЩ˵κιϵȻѾ֪˽һУֺαأ
ǼѪ֮˶ѣɱҲɱˣ
գ⼸˻ûӵˣֻǽȥ죬ͶľƶЩ㯡
ѪʹʲôݣѪ֮оȻ֮ѪʹҪأľƸ޴ӲѲɾֻѪʹڰʹҲֻܼвУ
ⲻ̫
ǱҪ취Ϊ
һ˵Ȼ˭ұ֤Ǽһﲻڰм¶֣Ҫвؽ룡
˵Żʱ뵽˵ҵΣǼʱ֣ڶѾûңҲΪ֮ˡ
˵ʲôľʵ
֪
Цҡҡͷ˵ʵڵģǸѪʹް취
ˣɣ
ľҲ̾ϢһԵһȥһ£ֻлʸؼûܹѪµֶˣҲ⣡
֮⣬ԼڲҲҪСһЩѪ֮޿ײ룬û´ĻǶľǵˣֻǻûǲˣ
˵ľҲףһʱⷿڵȴԽ


1478 ҵλ̫ϳϣ
ת۱ǰʱȥ
Я飬ѣԼŮټɰĶŮǣȻصС
ڼ䣬ûʲô鷢صѪʹҲһֱǱŲδʲôҲǺͼ˵һٴαչأһҪĵüĸ֣ҪҪô˻ͻƣΪǿߡ
ֻǣܹɹ
˵ˣԼĵȷȷûʲôգ
Σܹ黹һᣬԶȥһ£ôһᶼûС
ټ֮챾Ѿô޷ƣ
ô˵ɹͻƵļʣ֮𣬶ľƵ۷ļҪһЩ
չڼ䣬ĸ׶ľԼҲǴӶľصߣ˵Ϸ飬ҳһŭѣֺεĹģ˸жѣ
үүүү
գ緹ʱһ洫Сһܵǰ϶¶һޱȳЦݡ
Сһô뵽үү˰ЦЦһСһཱུʵ
ΪǺүүѽ
ػصǸſٵԴţ˵öԣ
ɰСһүүˣ
һЦǽǱ˻Уٴΰ˼ڡ

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һľؽڴϣʵСһ˵ɣôүүʲô
Ҳûʲô
ЩŤŤ˼Сӣ˵ְֱ̣չˣĽҲҪչأԺۡ͵ܵܣҪסŶ
ô趼Ҫչأľһ¡
漴ȴ̧۳Ժȥɻֵˣأûһ𣿡
ڰʰ·һص
ѽԼ·Ҫʰǲú𣿡ڱЦ
Ųأ
죬ǽҪʰʵҺͽ㶼Եأ
Ǿǣ
漴ٵĵ˵ԴȴֺܿЩ˼ʵ˵ûʰĺأ㳤ԽԽƯˣ
ǿǵĽ㣬ܲƯ𣿡
˵һ䣬漴ƨƵĳֵԺҲƯƯģ
Сӣ
⻰ʱཱུ̧СֱԴһ£Ҫǫ飬֪˵ģ
֪ˣ㣡ԹԵͷӦ
һСħȴ֪ΪΣĻӲǶȲϵġ
һĻǷ˿Ҳǲһݸ
ĶǾԵĿĹҲѹô˽Ƕеı֡
ֹȥʮӣҲǹˣʱŮ֣òѾ˵磬˶̬ȻԵɬһЩò˼꣬ؽΪŮ
Ҫһ㣬ʵѾԽ˺ͬˣͬҲ
Ԫڣƺʱпܲʥ
ΪΨһһˣûʲô̫ѣټ֮Ǽָߺܶ·
ͣûʵأ
ȫáʤ仰ݡ
ͬʱصƵڡ
ʲô̫ϳϣ
Ԩ˼Ļɵ𾪳֮ɫ
ϵĴŭҲ𾪵ĲӶŭھ֮࣬ϸǸֳһĨЦݡ
ûʲô⣬ĵȻȣȴͬ
ŭȨص˵ı֣½ųɾŻΪҵļ
һΪ̫ϳϣô֮λͱضģ
λ̫ϳϵҲ˵ˣνټΪı
΢΢һЦ˸ĪĹʣЦǻ֪ɲ򵥰
֪򵥣ɵЩʲôȻܹгΪ̫ϳϵʱݺɻʵ
ǰ
ԨҲ֮ʲôϾ̫һЩ˿²ŷ
о仰Ԩû˵ڣǾľ֣ش֮
˻ѾúܶĿˣһΪ̫ϳϣ˻ԽܣҪһǻһЩҪķˡ
ǶԼǶҵȶŽἫΪ
ΪҲ֪Щ𣿡
ԨЦһ£ҡͷҲλ̫ϳ˵ˣǾͬǳ˳һûһĿܣ
ˣǼʲô
Ԩ˵Ѳɣǻܷ𣿡
ҵкǲͬ
ʱŭҲǻˣȻȷ̫ᣬֺγһֶЩǵļֻҪҵһôŷɣ˵ҲӦһ£
һ̫ϳϣҲζҵʵ֣
ֻǡ
ˣŭԥһֵֻĲңҪΪ̫ϳϵҪʵﵽ򣡵͡
԰
Ԩ۾һǾɷˣܲѾ˰ɣ
Ϊʲôܣ
Ԩ䣬û˿ڣƵ߽ӰȻλ̫ϳϣ쾣Լǣ
˵ģԣ
ôˣ
˵Цһ£ϣϣĳϣҸǽһ¡
ܿ죬Ѿ֮⣬ԨҲǳΣʶλ̫ϳϡ
ϾҶ֮ˣԨΪүүӶԴҵ̬Ҳºͣٲûиǰڳʲôɫ
һѺʵղŽ֮ʱ˵򣿡

˻һ˾㶡
еľȣĪѾ򣿡
ǵûУ
ҡҡͷһ֮ʱȴתԵں֮Ҳûʲô̫𣡡
֮ûʲô
⻰ʲô˼
ʮֲ⡣
Լ״Ҳ΢΢һЦδͣԵһڶȷŰɣر֪ˣˣһұҪǰһ£


1479 죬ˣ
ԵЩأڻ˲ֱӵơ
ʱɫһ࣬Ը
ܷκ飬ǶҪƴһȥ֤һҵİȫȻ

⻰һǾǳס
ϧһУϧҪ֤һҵİȫ
ʲô˼
֮⣬˸⣡
ҵĻ˵
ҡҡͷԺԻףڣԶʧ֮£ϼһҲ޷֤İȫ
ǣԸȻĽȴԾɹӦŵ
ˣһлҪ˵
ǰһҲôģҲαչǷʲôջһأΪҵĵλ̫ϳϣӴҵƽཻǲɶ֪𣿡
ǣ
˹ӦŵҪĻһֲɣ˲ϡ
ˣǼæɣȻȥˣ
ôһ仰쾵˱֮뿪Ƶվԭؾþδ
⵽ô£
üͷλǰƺҪΪ̫ϳϲɣǲǻʲôǲ֪Ķ
һ㣬ϧ֤һҵİȫô£ŭҲ֮üԵ
ȻһеȷǺܲ⣬Ψһȷϵǣӣӵĳ̶ȣѾǣ
ˣȻˣҲȲ˵ˣ
֣˶ٺתԵڻм飬ѪʹϴǵıȻ֪ǷܵѪϵķԸǱҪȫǸѪʹ
һ㣬ľǱѾϵ壬׼ҪȥǱߺһ£
ɫѿĳѪʹ֮ѪʹΪأڼҪ˶СģڲѪ֮˵鲻ͣ£һҪȷصȫ
ϣ¾㸺𣡶ϺĳϴЭ
İɣһģ
ŭͷӦҲˣȻһᱣ֤صİȫ
ҲȫԸݺԨҲ֮Ӧ
ŵͷһ֪Ϊãķ籩в±ʬ޴Ĳ³

תۼ䣬չѾȥµʱ䡣
ڼ䣬ؾƽ£ʱʱ֮⣬ûʲô·
Ҳ磬Լͬ£ÿ֮⣬ڵ棬Ĳѡ
Դ뿪ңȥľԺڵһдŭһҲɣѪ֮˵ĲңڽеУȴһֱûȡʲôЧ
ҲãȷԽԽ֮˵ݣôҲܹõζԷΪѪ¶ȥ໥¼ɡ
գҪȥɽʱͻأؿռڵ·ܵĳӰ죬ǿʼϵӿڿʱʱֿձ֮ôҶǷ׷׸߳˷ţɫΪء
˹ɣľʵ
ģ
ҡҡͷûʲôԣƺΪģ
Ϊ
ĻľغʱһۣǲԼͬľ
ûӦ
ʱƵڣŭԼԨҲ˳ԨƺӦıչѲ˹ϵȥ
ߣ
ŭҲǺԥһ뿪һ洫ˣһȴǳչڵĵطȥ
λϵʱҲʱ䵽ˡ
ֱ𱻶ľڻУСһںܹɣûһڣĴ۾и˸һĨǰδеļ
ҧְָ֣֣Ҫ𣿰ְְ֣֡㣡
ûûһ
Ȼ߶ŵʱӿ·ܵʲôӦǷ׷׷
ǿѹ˲·صռ䶼ȫһ㣬°ŭ˶ɫһ࣬һɫص˼㡭
ֻϧΪҼʱڣȻؿռƿأض֡
ô£
ŭеľȣҪѹȻֶĤݵĸоλҵĴϼӦ
ʱǿеӿУգۼγ˾
ÿһʮףͷţ¹Ϻߣߣ㣬צƷƻϵľžŰʮһ۶ôҿʮ
𡭡
ͻأģǾͬʱڳ巢һ֡
֮ϣͬʵʰڳÿһ˵жһ޷֮Ϊеĳо
⡭Īģ̧Ǿš
硭
Ȼ䣬ǶľȴɫЩ죬૿ڵЩ죿
죿
һ㱼ԺȻֳһģĻ棬ɵҪȥʱЩ֮ʧɶаͷԡ
ǰ죬Ϥ
Щĵ˵ͷɻ
ƺδܵЩӰ죬Ҳǣ
ľػһΧֳԼ֮⣬ߵҲǱ壬ɻ˼㡣
˭֪أ
³һڹĵôˣ
ڴʱ֮ϵľȴưĳֹɣʱͬ飬ʱָԷ裬ͷķӿӭžķ裬չֳĲơ
һĻبδɣ
ʱһһĹȥƺѾȴʱš
ְְ֣֡
ڶľػУϵš
֪׹ȥã·һ˲ȴַ·ǧ֮
𡭡
ڣǾȻͬʱһȻͬʱ·ٳȥĿĵؾȻչصڣ
ת˲ʧҲ֮ɢȥ΢ָһЩһֻú亹ֱЩ֮С
ͻأ䣬һֲ˲ƽռ䶼ȫһ㣬ڳһαס
ˢ
ǰ֮ϣĻۺУͻأ֣¶Ųʹâ֣ٷһ㣬ֲֿǴɢġ
ְְ֣֡
죬ϲĴгжľرţСһͳȥˡ
ͻˣͻˣ
ĽУӦ˫ۣ˸ŹľŲʹâ΢΢һ˫ſӺЦ򡭡ˣ


1480 һ׽٣һһ
ڵˣ
ͻʥ̤˸ߵľ磡
һ̣ƱһˣϢѹڳ˶׷״ͷʾ⡣
𣬴ŭݣԼүүĳԨǾˣ
֮ǰо仰˵úãʥ½Ϊϡ
ôȫ˵½Ϊϣ
ȻǸĶһ֣˼ȴر
ǲվ۷Ĵڡ
ͻվ߳һ·һɫȻѡ
ְְ֣֡
ɴĽţ֮¶һĨΪõЦݡ
㱼䣬ԺжһģĻ桭
ǻУ˲ϵĽԼȴҪһ㣬еڵСһͬɷҪ˵ﲻͬȴҲ˵
⡭ҵҵ
ԨչֳޱȼЦݣкỨԺ
ԼȻǿߣǺε˷ܵ飿
¾컹δ򣬵ʵȻʣû˻Ὣר򲻳
һ㣬ӹɣ

ʮһ
ȥδ˭һ㣿

硭
ְ֡
ɢһЩ˱һҪǱܹȥ
Χ֮˸һͬԼżһ㣬ȫĽ뾴塭
ȥ
ȻʱƵȻ
ܵӰ죬ҲڱչصŮòˣæǱչصĵطϵҪܹȥľٶƱǵȳֹ
˵ĽŲΪ֮һ٣Ťͷһͷѩ׷ĳƣǼΪ⡣
û
ô˫ɻĿ⣬һĨأҧأһһʥ۷ͻƳɹÿһض׽ٽ٣ΡҲ⣡
׽١
󲿷Ȼ˵أһһ֮˵ʲô׽֮ȴǴδʶʱܶ˶һĲ⣬俴ǰգôҲ׽ٳֵӰ
ΪҵļȴǶȻɫ΢ݣҲ˼伮صϢ
΢Щһ۳ƺҲ漴Բ˺ȫһ˺󣡡
ˣ
ĻҲԥķ׷׺ˣǼŮҲˡ
˿̣ߣȴͻأĳӰ쾣Լλ̫ϳϡ

ǼæҪ񣬵ȴֹ̧ˡ
ض񣡡
ǰе죬ϾЦݣôѾ֮ǰƵ˵飬ΪΣ
⡭ˣ
һ£Ӧ
ŭԼҲԣֻҪɹǼ׽٣˳Ϊ̫ϳϵľʱ
飬λ̫ϳ֮⣬ڳİǶǲ֪ġ
ΣΪ̫ϳϵҲȷ
ˣˣ
Ժ촽΢Եɹɹ׽٣ϼһ
ǣ
𹧾ӦŵʵͲʧ𣿡
Ǻǣʧܣֻһ׽ٶѣʲôõĵģ
ЦЦ漴ҲٶԣǺһͬ˲뿪ˣΪ󲿷˵עϣҲûжע⵽ҲҴȥҲҴҵˡ
ҲЩЦã漴ȴǿĿԽȣҲֳɫһƽĿ⣬ľ⣡
ϾǿߣӦܵԵأ޹غ䣡
ҲԼԵƽĿռ䣬ȴʮĸоһѹɫΪȻ˼֡
˿ܾûκα仯ѹȴǺ޸о
Һܿһɫ˲䣬˵Ŀȫͷʡ
ԭƽĿУȻһ֣֮и۵׹˸ķӿУЩ׹ۿɼٶȲϳ󣬼ֻڼѾγֱͬ۴С֡ŴŴšǲڶֻ·ʱݵһ㡭
׽١
˫ָͷƵ֣׹ƣȴ΢΢ճһΪаȵĻߡ
ʥأһһ죡
ôرһһ
Ȼ΢ȴһܵ컰еƮݣҲɵ÷׷¶˼Ϊɫ
ʣһܹͬ㣿
¡¡¡¡
Щ׹Ҳܵ컰еɣʱӿԽˡ
жȻһһ޴׹ֱֱĳͷϮȥ
ˣ
˼״񣬸߾ѾսȭͷЩ侳֮С
ۣаЦȴ˿
죬׽ٵζ
һЦβ˷˵ľУȻգۼ׹һܽӴ
ŴŴš
ŹΧռĲסУ׹ڽӴ֮󣬾ʮֹʧˣôһĿ࣬ȫš
׽δҲ̫ͷβһЩ˰ɣ
硭
Ǽ׹ʧڶĵǣҪȥ
顭
Ƽæסһ׽٣ÿһоŵڲǵһ㲻ܹȥ
أʼʥ۷ͻÿһضоŵͻصʱ򣬱ǾžŰʮһ
ÿһεͻ׹Ӿ֮Ҳ
ʲôǾ˵а˵׹⣿龪ɫԽǡ
ҲˣǸղһ׹㿴ɵӣ˭ұ֤İ˵׹ԾɻɵĽ£
ƶ²ԻԪ½ô򵥰׽ٶ˽⣬֮Ҳ˿
Ҳ˳Ƶ˵ɵ΢΢С
ʱҲûȥʲôٴγһ˺󣬱ǽעٴηϡ
ʱ׽ٴλ㼯
ڶߵڰ˵
İʱУʣµİ˵׹ͣЪĳϮȥ
ڳľҲˣֻ÷·Ҫһ㣬ĩյĵһɫףвʵԵ͵ˣѪûһѪֱ³
ڣɢȥ¶ʵա
ȴǻӿƮǰȳһĿ漴ǼŮϡ
磬û°ɣ
鼱æǰץסֱۣŲѡ
ѣҲ˹ȥŮΧм䣬ԼҲǷ׷׹ĳСǲõЦݣĵְϲİְ֣
˵˭Ҳûע⵽Ǵ۾ǸֳһĨʧҲֻһţܿٴαЦơ


1481 ãԵѣ
ͼ˵һŮӵĴӵУصǸרԺ䡣
ڳˣȻ׽ٳֵΣûһܹµͻģֻ˵Ǵ඼ֻΪʵһѡ
˵ˣ֮ǰʥصʵҲûж֪
磬Ǹʱˣ
صԺ䷿кʱü΢ЩֵĿڵǿ׽ٰ㾹ȻȫȥѵͲ»𣿡
ǰ죬̫ˣҲ˵
һˮҲм֮⡣
˼ӣȷһëû˺ǳ׷
ʱҲռĻɵվΪϵżԵüΪɡ
ǺǣİɣΪֲ֪ǳ𣿡
ǺһЦΪû˵Եʣһǽ˳
ŵҲǻ𣿡Ц
飿
ŮһǶ֪飬ҲȻ˵֮һ
ʲôϵ
ܲΪ飬Ķɹһ׽ٰɣ
֪ˣ
һ漴ָ˸΢׹飬ϲĵ㾹Ȼ뵽ȥЩ׽ֲ֮ãֲôأ
һеģ
һЦĴָҲڵģϾƣһһڿҲƺˣ飬һ׽Ȼ㲻ʲôҲԳûǿֱһð
⻰ŮǿЦá
û˻ţܹɶɹ׽ٵ˰ɣ
Σվʵ
ˣ磬ƶ㡭
ʲôʵ˵׽٣ǲԺÿεͻƶ׽ٳ֣ÿһζ𣿡
ÿһε׽ٻɾŵı
΢΢һЦ򵥵Ľ͵ͻƵһأһ׽٣Ϊŵ׹⣡Ƕ׽٣һʮ˵׹⣬ԴƣرǾ׽٣ΪžŰʮһ׹⣡ÿһε׽ҪǶɲȥΪϣӴ˱Ϊˣ׽еԲŻСأһһ֮˵
˻
׽ٲ˽֣ѺŮЩ֮ȴһ׷׵һ˫ǺȻ֮ɫ
Σհ
ͷҪǲȥͻƻ
ȥͻơ
⻰ƶʱһ㶣ƺδ˵֮ˣһʱ侹֪λش
ɵôܲȥͻأ
΢΢һЦ֮˵û˲Ҫȥ׷ǿʵܲΣվ˰ɣˣʲôãɴֱΪͨ˰ˣ
ǡ
üͷ׼˵ʲôȴѸסˣٺ˵ˣ
ޣ
ԹӦŵȻٶԡ
״Ҳ΢Цҡҡͷ漴еĳȥʵˣƶƺ˽⣡Щ֪ǴӺδ֪أ
ǰǰƶ㣬֪ĿأҲͷ
Ҳ׷׳˹ȥȻδеĺɻȴԴһˡ
ҡ
죬ͷЦ漴һ𣿡

⻰Ҿһ㶣ԥĽʾΡ
żΪʲô֪ЩԺǾͶˣڣʵǲ˵¾˵ˣҲţ
ְְ֣֡
ʱŶӿĿˣҪԼȣҶˣ
ðɣش󣬲ŮĶ¶
ԥкŴһͬȥ濪ʼ⣬Ҳȥ׷ʳʲôóһȴûע⵽ƺĸŮٽһ
û˻ţȻʵ죬ʱȥԿ⣬ϻżΪõҸЦݡ
ǿߣںܶжָ߸ϵĴڣ˵ӦַſڲŶԣȴȫںЩϵĶܼͥů
ڿ֮ʱȴ΢Ķ˶漴ӿ˿Ľ̡
ȼȰЩŪòˣȳţղż˵̫ϳ£ھҪȥһˣ
ţ
Ů׷׵ͷȫ˿֮УҲֻǳ˻յС֣쿴ļֱЦã֮˵Ĵ̫һЩ
ܿ뿪ˣȥλ̫ϳڵԺ䡣
Ȼողеʱ򣬱ŵˢˢվƽ֮⣬ֱܳ
Ҳ쵽еһ£ЦŵںһˣԺͽһ磬ô
УԲУ
˶ʱҡͷǿɶĳôƺ
治Ըˣʱɫһ࣬Щӡ
ҲԸʵڲУ
ҡҡͷ˵񷨲ɷϣҪСҹӦˣǸԴ
СӹһӶң
һۣ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴЦӯӯĿˣˣͱΪˣ˵Ӧģǲܸ֪̽̽˰ɣ
ߣСӡˣ
ƲƲ죬쿴üΪ
ˣϣҲֻǺ㿪Цˣ
Ц֪νΪ£
ָ֪̣ҡҡͷӦ
һȻǹϲɹ򣬴ӽԺ֮޴ȥЦӯӯĵ
л̣ǺһЦҲȴδԣԽĻ
ڶȴҪһ䣬Ҫ⶯
ԵʱҲó˼֣ɫʥ֮˵˲ƣȴһſô񣬿ɿڵһУһҲЩ˽⣡
ǣҲǿȻǸԣԼƿصĹ֣ܹһǿôδʤǿ
Զ˵ֻĽƿأ
ĳĻ첻ױʾס
˶٣ֵڵ㣬Ҳ򣬵ȴζ޵£ҲҪ˼⣬мɲ³ç˺ô
ǣлѣǣӦŵ
Ǻǣˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣ
ӯӯһЦĵ˵ɾͣӦò̰ɣ
˵ĶĻ
ͷЦɲ֮ߣҽʲôɾͣ˵Цأ
Ǻǣ͵˵Цɣ
ЦЦԵһ裬ͬʱ˵֮ܶһ仰ʲôʼһˣһˣѪеһˣ


1482 ̫ϳ죡
ԵĻ˫ֽӹ豭ɫ̷ģ
˺ˣ˵Щˣ
ԺǺһЦ裡ǰЩģӵоĿ֮ЧںȵĻԼ֮ʱ߻ħΣգҽ֮ȡΪĲ裡
Ǻǣۣԣ
Ҳ豭ĺһڡ
Ȼûи̫ܵõЧȷ˾һã·˵ڶ΢һЩ
Ӧñ֮ԣĲЧֻ߲ͣ
ò谡̣
ֺ˼ڣЦжģɲԸһ㣿
Ҫ϶ûУ㣬Ȼʲô⣡
ЦһҸ׼һңֱ߱ǣ
һ
ԵĻ컹û˵ʲôأȴǶȻ۾һģе㣬㲻ôƫİҿܣЩܹŸҲ

Щ΢
ȴǳһۣСôܺȣ˵ˣÿκһȲ裬ĴõĲҶĲҪܲժһΣÿζԼ㣬ڻж٣
̣ҪǸٵɣĲôҡ֮Ҳ֮˵
һ˵㣬ԵĻҲڲЩ
ˣҲҿˣ
԰֣ЦһҶ̻õóģĲֻʥ֮ã̺ҪǱʥ֮ˣȻȴҲ鷳ģûȥ֮һҪúô֪𣿡
л̣Ҽˣ
ЦӦҲûкԿӴָóһĲ󣬱ǻȵĿнֱ죬ɵ쾺ӵ棬Ҳ˼Գȥôһ
λ̫ϳ˵һҪǡ
Ȼ߳Ժż֮ǰٴοˣˣм飡㽫Ϊҵĵλ̫ϳϣӦòᷴ԰ɣ
ܷ𣿡ͣ½ŲŤͷЦ
ܣ
ҡҡͷѵԣԶΪ̫ϳϣͬȵĴȴȥ񣡡
ǲ͵ˡ
εʼ磬漴ȴЦҲ֮ǰʱҲûʱȥٺ٣
ǺãȻͬˣôһȥͼ飬֮ٿȫᣬϢȥ˵
ȫᰡ
һ£̽Եʵ̣ɲԲԼ֪ˣ
˵أ
üëһڨڨЦӦÿ԰ɣ
У
ɫȻش飬ôܲʣҪٿȫᣬҪͨ򣡡

ŴͣĲԸ
ȴɣ˵¾ôˣ㲻ܷҲܲͬ⣡
ðɣ
Цһ£漴˶٣ֵʲộɲԲҵòй¶ȥֻǹϢΣ
ǿ
ԣԳɵҲգҲʵ̫һЩı¶ȷ̫ãˣͬˣҲҪӦһ
˵Ӧ
֮ʲô㣬Ҫȥһط˵
ʲôط
һֻ̫ϳϲȥڣûʲôΣգ˵ӦҲǺҪģԻصڵʲôطȴδ˵
⡭ðɣ
ӦҲûٶ˵ʲô漴ܿ뿪ˡ
Ȼ뿪һֱû˵ȴǿˣãĴȥǸطӦ𣿡
ǰ㣬Ҳе㻳ɣҲ֮˵
ģһģ
һĨڴ磬ܣѵûвҵĺаѾΪУиܹȥĻֻˣ
а񡭡
ԵĻжʱֳŨŨ֮ɫ뿪ķҲԳ˼ǰδеļ

պеһ㳡֮ޡ
ڵ֮˶ȫڴˣÿһ˵϶ԵʮּΪǼһ֤ҵλ̫ϳϵĵ
ȻȻҶǰõ֪ͨ˭Ҳû뵽λ̫ϳϣȻǻ죡
Ե̨ʱ·˷׷׳׾סˡ
𣬴ŭݣĳԨվ̨ϣ쾣ԼȴδΪǵЩ֮ǰԾһԵܡ
ŴѾµˣ
ԵûĻ죬ӽΪҵĵλ̫ϳϣϢһҼͨ򣡡
Ȼΰݣ̺ͬװ˶ը졣
һæ쵥ϥ¹򣬹ҵȲμ̫ϳϣ
ضλ𣡡
̧̧֣һº͵ʱÿһ˶ݷҲһ֡
ϾֳʵȷĪ
Ƕɻôҽǽͽͣ
һˣ漴Ȼ֣ǰ׽٣Ͻģȿɻк飿
£ٶԡ
˿̣ȴһ֡
ŶӦ˵ϣȻˣһΪʲôײűƸأ
ǰǰʵ̫ǿˣǵкö˵䶼ҪС˼ҵʵȻǿ
򰡡ǿ򰡣Ҷ֪Լʲôʱܵʥأ
˲ϵص̾ţ˵ʵûһ˻ɡһĿžȡ
½չؽΪ֮˵ľżˣ
һԼͨ򣬼㲻ᱩ¶ݣһ̫ϳϵ飬Ҳؽһκˡ
һ㣬ȫõ
Уϵݲй¶Ƚǣ
ǣ
˴Ӧŵڴʱһȴǰֵڴ˵Ⱥ
ã
Ȼ֪Ҫʲô컹ǹԹԵظ˹ȥ˾ֱڣڴ򿪺һȺ˴˽ĿɿڴЦѡ
˺ܶ࣬һλܸߡ
ľľƣʸʸؼҼˣŲٸῡţȻЩ˶ʶģһϰ֮࡭
Ҳ֪ǴӺδ֪ϢȻڽĸϹˡ
֮⣬ˡ
ֻûҽܣ쾵̫ϳϵں󣬱ʾһ£漴뿪ˣ쿴ĿЦá
ԭΪ˺Ȼ۷̫ϳϣѾʶ˵ģ̫⹫ľ֣Լʸʸ磬ؼرƣԼҵ̫ϳȴδҲ֪ǲԼҵȷ̫࣬æԵʡ
ΣһӼôˣҲЩεľȡ


1483 𵴣ʸϵڣ
ңλ̫ϳϺճ
ˣԭ죬һ˽֪ȴûжټ䱾˵ˣ
Ϣڶ̶ʱбѾ˳ɿ촫һƬȻߵʶ֮˷׷״ѯʣԵõ϶֮ʱЩ˸оҪԼĶˡ
̫ϳζʲôƺܶ˶
ȴǴϢٶȣ򵥵֣Ϊ̸Ĵ
ΪУھԵżΪڵɽҲǲ󣬲֪жҪǲܹһ棬ЩŵҲ˲٣ҵҲʱ˼
˵ȷҲһ£ԼȴЩЦá
ѾǾҶ⹫ϢĵˣǰصļǰҲ׷ȥΪ̫ϳϵ飬ȴԾûмƣе֮ˣȵȸÿ춼ڼйһЩ϶ˣҲæϽĳ
Ͼǻ˵һЩ̫ϳȴһӷԾΡ
ô˵ɣҲڹڼ쵼֮£ǲΥԸͷԸģ̫ϳȻ
̫ϳϵ죬ڼžԵȨΪûʸȥκ飬̫ϳ϶ڼľȴŷȨ
Ȼ죬֮ǰ쾣Լλ̫ϳϣԲԵ޹ʵȥżľ
磬ôһ
һСϪߣЬӺӣŷϪˮϪˮҲǲ¶Цݣûܶãú洫
ְְ֣֡
ûתСһɱֱһԾıϣСϲţ˾ǵ˼㡭
ţǣҲ˹
ŮϴεıչأΪͻƵԵʶòֹΪ̫ϳ֮ѣԼŮȴٴαչأ桭
ûԭֻԼչͻʱ
չ죬ԼŮǵΣҲļϣҺҲˣ԰չȻһˣ»æ˭СһҲȷ̫ƤһЩ
СƤ
΢תһԪϵСһĻУ漴߹ԼߵĽ˶Цôҵˣ
ô
ûķһۣСƨϷֱģСһ˵ҪҰְˣҲ֪Сôҵģ񲻹ĶܹһʱҵҿǻǸŮأ
裬ְֱǰְ֣ҲŮĻʱСԴ˵
ԣԣ
ЦãҲûٶ˵ʲô㽫Դļϣ˿ҲǹԹԵһԣڶչֳ˾յϣ¶ޱȲõЦݡ
ˣ磬ʦҪɹˣ
Ȼ˵
ˣ
էԣ͵ɫһ䡣
ȻľҶһֵĳһۣȴ⣬ЦҲʦﻹڶľˣ⼸̫࣬
ˣ飬ô֪ʦҪɹģʵ
Ϊʦչ֮ǰ˵£±ɳأӦ
һ㣬ӦҲ¹ȥ˰ɣ
콫еСһһߣȥˮٵĴӺЬӣҪȥһˣȻʦؼңҿɾͲˣ
ʦĪˮȷƽʱˮҲֲһ
ǰСʱûٱ
͡
⸱飬鲻һЦѽǶڱչأɴҲһ˰ɣ磬벻ȥ̫⹫Ǳ߰
ҪȥҪȥǶҪȥ
СһˣͷȴЦҸŰְֺһ𣡡
ãȥʰһ£ߣ⣬ҲԳȥ㣬⼸ոоԼҪˣ
˵ţߺúõŵܵˣȻȥʰձȥľ塣
УҲһЩѡ˼棡

ٶľ壬Ȼ֮ǰȫȻͬȴûһ԰̬ϾΣҲǶľƵҲǶľˣ
ʲô仯һȴʼղģ
ȥݼ⹫֮󣬱вٶľˣľȵʶǸ˹һˡ񡯵֮УŪЦãջһְ֣Ҷˡ֮£ʱǵõ˽ѡ
ѯһʦĪˮǳīȵȷϲʲô״֮Ҳ΢һʦɹ֮ǰϵˣȻɲһʦûԼӽΡҡ
ŶӦ˵ˣ
̫⹫ľֺȻˣүվԺſڣԸŪտ죬ɵЦһ仨̫ϳϣȻҲ飿
̫⹫ϾͱٴȤˣ
ЦõĵҪԶͽȻǸøȥɣЩ죬䶼ÿˣ

ô˵ٿϵ֮ɫľǹһЦ̤˽ȴһˣ󻹸һԼĪֳ̬ĸˣϡȴԿ⸾֮ʱǵòֻ껪Ŷѣǿʵ֧ţҲվӲѭ
˺İδ
ԼĿУȴܵһů飬·ʶƵģָо̵֮ʱҪøǿһЩʶ໥Ӧֿľһ㡭
ף
΢֮ʱڳſȵȴ̧ͷǸһܿȴװʲôûͷ뼦ȷս
̫⹫λǰǡʵ
Ŷǡ
ľ׼˵ʲôǸȴ΢΢һЦȵҽܰɣԶؼңҽڣ

ʱһؼңȴ
Сӣֱ飿
ľûĵ۵ǰЩʸϵһ̫ϳϣ˵Ǽвκһˣ˼ҵСӲ񣡡
ʸϣ
ԽԽԺҲ׶ľ־Բ޵ķʸ֮ˣԺܿҲкΪڵǰ£齫͵˸ǰı⣡
˭Ҳûע⵽ڽ֮󣬳˵֮⣬ĿʱʱضӹޱȵĴȰ
ڣ콫öľ׼඼ˣһԳԾɾǰĳֲһɺϣרΪǶһ


1484 תԪϣ
Ժһڱͣ죬Ĳ˲ǵգϣɾϤ
ǰôô˵ûش𣬶ľȴֵʵ
ûжԣֻĿЦ죬ǶľȴҲҶʣŬʹһɫ˼Ͻش𣬿ɲҪλǰ
ǰ˵Ĳ
һ⣬ͷص֪ΪΣҵĸоһֻ࣡ϧֱڶ֪λǺ
Ŷ
£ʵɲԸ˭
ҽ̣Ȼ˵ֽ񣬺֣ҾͲ֪ˣʵ˵˵֮ʱĿҲǽڵ˫
񡭡
Ȼֵʱڵ˫˲ȴһĨЦɵ
Щɫ仯Ϊ⣬ΨһȷǣǰǰȷǺǸʶ֮Ĺϵ򵥡
񡭡
̫⹫ľƺҲ뵽ʲôɵֺȻ֮ɫһţֻϧעһֱϣڶľֵı仯޷֡
ǰʶ̣ʵ
ʶʶȻʶ
ȴǹһЦ֪£ȴֺܿתԵЩȴܸ㣬ԺԻˣŶˣ㿾ļȷʮֲϲҲϲǷ飡ϣ˵˵ɣҪʲôֻҪ˵óһӦ㣬ο֮٣

ǰĻЩʲô鰡֮ģȴǸЦãǰˣһЩѣҪϲʱԸʲôģ˰ɣ
Сӣ㡭
֮ԣľЩӵ۵̬
ڵ飬ǿ󲻵ģƫƫСӾȻֱӸܾˣ㲻ǰܼأ
ǺǡϹȻףܹʶῡţҲǲˣ
ҲǿǺһЦ֮ˣԵҲˣʹЩˣȻȥϢˣǸҲţܺʱֻҪҪˣ֪ͨһɣ
˵⻰Ҳܾڱ뿪ˡ
Сӣ㣬㡭Ҹô˵㣡
ľֳһۣ漴ǿ첽һͬ뿪쿴ĿЦá
Լ̫⹫ôˣ
Ǹڡ
ۣԺ˸һͷʼնû취ڶϺţɵڸΪ档
ְְ֣֡һҪԣ
ʱգŴ۾˼л˻
Ҫ԰
ԼСһ̰Եӣ첻һЦãְȥ˶׼һЩСԵıģ
̫ÿ
ְã
Сһ˷ܲѣǺò׵һοء
Ҳʱڵɻѹĵײȥ룬ֶһЩȼ֮ģһοʼµһֿ⡣

תۣľȥ˰ʱ䡣
УÿһǰһΣͬгһ΢ĹģԼ۰ѣÿεѯ̵ʲô˵ʱڶ˶ûκĻشֱЦãö֮ҲͲٶˡ
ҲûӶľǱ˽⣬ŶľֶԴڵ̬ȣҲûȥЩùɣȥˣľҲκλش
֮ĳհʱ֣⹫֮Ҫȥ׼ˮ֮ʱȻľƵɫȻһݣ˲ǳԶȥ
⹫ôˣ켱æʵ
ΪľļľƶصƿǶľ̫ϳ϶Ȳˡ
κһƫƧĽ䷢ʲô飬ԾԵĵһʱ˽⵽
ľƵɫ仯쿴˸ţ
Ҫǣǳīڵķ򡭡
ûĻӦʦҪˣ
ľ΢΢һЦԵ
ʦ
ԶʱһϲûǶ˵ʲôǿжȻһصϢǳīλõϿʱһźɫĽ֣עǣЩƬ֮ʮķֳ˾ţÿһж׹磬̶ʱбľڵ˶
УҪȥ
Ȼ˵ǱǣС֣ٳǳīȵķȥ
ľҲǿЦãΪľҲæ
ߵʱȥǳīȵͨѾۼ˲ٵĶľ֮ˣǳīԴʮǰľص󣬱˽أûеõ֮ǰǾԲġ

ϣ
ͶľƵĵ˷׷׹
ţɢ˰ɣû£
ľư˵ˣһȻĵײ⣬Ƿ׷ɢȥ֮ǰһ˫˫ɻĿȴҲǷ׷ͣǳīϿյĽϣڵ׷ʲôȻľƲ׼˵Ҳʡ
飬ǽȥɣ
ľһкҲæͨܿǳīڡ
ȻʱĹУȴǻһˣȻǶľ
ǰĶľҲ͵͵ĽһľأҲǽܶľصָ㣬ܹﰲȻܻڵĶľأ
㡭
ľľƲЦһ¡
үү
ľӣڨЦѣҲûΪԼ⡣
ˣ㶼ˣǾŰɣһʲôй¶ȥȻҾ㣡ľƵ
ǣүү
ľӦŵܵߣȺһк㿪ʼöľƿĸΡ
˵ʵڵģڶľеֳ֮ģǺģ
ʱϿգ׼ȷ˵ĪˮҵϷŶСһĺɫƲϷ̺ŵ׹ӿУޱǿơ
Ϊʵ죬ȴû̫ĸоֻüͷ΢ĽһУΪʦﵣǲѡ
ףʥƷҩĵ٣֮⣬˸޷æضѣʧܣΣʦ
ԴʱȻǲѣԾվԭزԪγһ֣ߵļȫУõѹ޷ǴȥκӰ졭
ڣǿеľŽԽͣ·ͷ˶ɵħһ㣬ôҶƬʱ̮ĸо
ְֿ쿴
ͻأģһǱĪˮڵжȻһ߲ʹâֱֱеľźɫϮȥͬʱǺɫƺҲܵƣں¡¡ĺУŵѸ֣һֲĵâ߲ʹâ϶µĸ壬ռ䶼ܲסѹ˶ƵĽ
һĻôҿͷΪ𺳣һ˫ţΨִһ㾫ʣ


1485 תԪ£
֮ǰĪˮͻʥʦʱҲǳɹڤԪ̡֮
Ǹʱ򣬲ֻһʹâѣȴ߲ʹâҲζεĵҩ߲ʥƷ֮ǰڤԪʥƷ߳һȼƵѶȼֱ󡭡
ء
䡭
߲ʹâڰн㣬ʱͬݵը쿪ƬʶǲѣĿռѷ֣󺮷ХǶһ
˾һĻˣ߲ʹâͻأĺƷʲô˷ܼһ㣬˲ǿƻһ߲ʾƵķ˾̾ĿУܿǽǾ޴飬漴ֱֱûϵľźɫ֮С
ƣ
ʱĪˮȻ
δֱֱɳͬһ߲ϼƵģȻӿ߲Ůٷޱʥ࣬ȴ˲ֱӵϡ
߲ĪˮϮת˲ע뵽߲ʾУ˶ʵʰĴźɫƱǺʲôƵĲӿͬʱۿɼٶȲ
һ̣Ȼǵټȥһ
Źȥʮӣɫȫʧ
ĪˮҪɹɲǣȴ䶸
߲ʾһ㣬Զٷȥһ߲⡭
ãⵤҩҪܣ
״ʱ
ΪľĶľȴǾ֣״μ֤ʥƷҩƳɹǳԵĵҩȻ֪Լܡ
ܣһ
ĪˮһкȻһӨ͸ıɫƿ
ƿֱǷɵ˸߿գĪˮ˫ӡ˲䣬ƿڴһɾ޴գ۱ǽ߲ʾУȴҲ
գĪˮһֵյӡ߲ʾĹУջǷɿıǱɫƿУĪˮӡƿڷסƿڲճֳһ߲뵹âĵҩ
Ǵ濴ȥĿ߲뵹âǾ̾ѡ
ʦ
ʱ˹ȥľҲɫµĳĪˮһ񣬵ϲˮɹ
лл
ĪˮľףȴΪֳһĨ԰ףȻĲС
Ұ㿩
컳УԴĪˮһڿˮĪˮЦĸǿˣСӹǸĹ
ʦȺúϢһ°ɣĵĵ
û£
ĪˮҡҡͷЦֻһЩĶѣ

ûж˵ʲôǰֵסĪˮĺ󱳣ͨľתڲʮӵʱǰĪˮٻָɡ
ס
Īˮȴ΢㶣ʵôôǿˣºʦˣ
ͷϹԶ֪Ϊ˵ĪˮӦʮ
ô˵ҲǼȷҲﵽĪˮβȣ
ٺ١
ڨЦͷĪˮҲȷеĲ²⣬ɵȴǿЦһ£СӣǸ
лʦ佱
칰˹֣ЩģĪ鿴ֱ֡
ʦ߲ʥƷĵҩӦҲԼоİɣԱߣʵ
ˣʦ˵˵Ҳ漴ߴٵ
⣬ľƺͶľүȻûпڣеĺҲ޷Ρ
ˮӣĻҺ뿪ľ˵
ϸ˵Цˣ
ĪˮЦҡҡͷǴһ۶ľ󣬱ǵλɣϸ粻ииӰ
μ
ľ֪ĪˮݣȴԵЩнԥ
ǲ⣬һ̼ɣĪˮЦ
̣ľʱ
Ǻǡð
ĪˮЦŵͷ漴ϸ磬ǽȥ˵Σ

ľƺԥӦ£ұǳǲԶľȥһͬºżĴߴٵʦ˵⵽ʲôҩʲôã
Сӣż
ĪˮûĽװ߲ʥƷҩƿ죬죬ǴյһȻܹܵҩȴԾɺ֪
ȥ˺ü飬ûó֮⣬ʲôˣľڣȫһͷˮ
ʦͱˣЦõĵ
ˣ˵
Īˮ΢΢һЦֵҩҽΪתԪľϴҵǾҶǻԼת٣ټ֥֣ڸܹоžŰʮһ֡
ת٣֥
˲ɵЩզֲ࣬϶ǼΪѼģκһֿ¶ͷ
תԪ
ȴתʵתԪʲôأ
ǰˮӣҶܺ棡ľҲ֮
תԪЧ
Īˮ΢ЦŻһ޸һڻָõ״̬֮ͬϴĸϳǷһⵤҩõָ
˻
˴˻˾ǵһ
Ȼܶ˶Ϊһϱ㲻޸ʵȴһְ취ģֻϧҪܶϣҸҪһʥ֮ȫ֣вˣֳɹҲ֮ܶǼΪΣյġ
¾ǳɹˣҲʧΪֻܴͷʼ
ĪˮĻֻҪһžתԪһж⣬ֻһʱȫָ
ҲòϣתԪȫ˵ĹЧ
ʦǵڶأʵ
ʱ˵ĿˢһȫĪˮϡ
ڶ˵֮һҪһЩ
ĪˮһЦڴУǻˣҡڿɲܺ˵
䡭
⻰ĪˮصӣҲûȣȫǿЦá
ʦڶأ
췭һۣûĵ
ˮӣ⡭
ľҲ
ҲǣֻԼҲȷҡ
ˣĪˮһЧģôҲúú˼˼ǷҪתԪˣ

ǻеĳأǾֲ⡣
㿴ңģ벻⵽ʲô˼
ˣԺ˵ɣ
Īˮ֣ϸ磬ЩˣĻҴϢգΣ
Ȼû⣡
ľƺԥӦˣúϢǾˣ飬һ𣿡
⹫߰ɣ
ҡҡͷʦ̫Ҳģ
Ǻã
ľƲٶԣŶľ뿪ˣ֮û쿪˵ʲôĪˮԵСӣҴסΪҲ֪ʲôСҲˣ˵ڲǾͲ˵


1486 Ԫռ

ŴͣǰʦЦѡ
͡
ϣЦǶǿЦŪ
ʦôôҰ
֮ЦȻ㲻˵ǿ϶ԼԭҲʣһǼָһ°ɣ
ȵȡ
ĪˮȴǺİ֣ض죬ҲȻһЩʵͻƵ򣿡
ǰ
ͷĪˮ³һЩĵСӣ㾹Ȼͻˣû뵽㾹Ȼôǰ棬ǰʮС޵ӣڱû˸ŰɣȻҺʦΪȷŲ׵ʣȴôҲû뵽㾹Ȼôͻˣ
˵֮ʱĪˮʮָпҲҲΪӡ
䣬˫У뻳ɫ
Ҳһ̾ˮɽϵһĿڶͷӺʦҲŸм
ûǣûڵ죡
ûǣ±˵ܹĳɾˣѾòһg
ʦ
ȴǼᶨĵʲôʼնͷӽҲҵĸĸˣ
СӣĶôϻ
ĪˮһĨжȴ֮ûĵˣ˵Ҫһָ𣿻㶯֣ѲСӳ֮󣬻㣿
ٺ١ĶҰ
ʱָаӣЦĪˮ˫ֵס󱳵ͬʱľҲ֮תĪˮ֮ǰΪ͵ٶҲǼٻָУǴǹԹԵһԣδš
ŹȥһʱңĪˮǻָ˾ųңһȴҪԼȥָϾվʮȫʮ
ܿ죬Īˮ붨֮Ҳ֮뿪ǳīȡ

ڶ죬ĪˮȫָˣȴҲ漴ݷһ¶ľֺͶľˣǸ뿪
ϾߵĿѾɣڻԪ½ˮɽϣкܶҪȥæͷϹԶߣĪˮҲĵס̫ʱ䡭
ǣҲ֮뿪صأϾ߻ѣԼŮڱչأҲȷǳصʱ䣬һŮ֮ʱ˵ڱչڼ䷢ʲô飬ֲڵĻǻ鷳
صأһʱȥһŮչصĵطȷκ״֮Ҳ֮ȥһ¼үүǣ⻹о쾵λ̫ϳϡ
ȻҲҵ̫ϳˣȴȫûϰЩ֮񣬿ڳơϡʱЩ֪ء
Ͼ֮ǰĻڵ̫ϳϵȷЩĲͬϰڵݺµλ»ҪһʱС

صصĵڶ죬쾣Լ˱˹
ʱԺֻһˣȥȥˡ
쾲̣塭
æӷóӣ¡
֮ǰһֱǳƺΪǰţɺͻȴĿڽ磬ȴֱܾˣһջǾƺΪһʲ
ˣҲδԣֻĿʱʱػһЩЦΡ
ôˣ˶ºʵ
ɻǵ˵ҪȥһطЦеķʵ
Ȼǵð
ͷ漴̣ò˵ھҪȥɣһû׼أѶƶǶڱչء
İɣ̫ʱģ಻ᳬһ죡û˵꣬Ա֮ϵ
һ죿
һһʱЩʲôܲȥ˿һۣȻͻɣ
ƺ룬ԺǺһЦ漴֪ʱģһһ£ô

ЩȻòȴҲǶ˼ڴ
Ϊʱڵĵطһȥ뵽ǰʱԣֻҵ̫ϳϲȥҲԽ̼ͷĺ桭
̣ȷֻҪһʱ䣿ٴʵ
Сӣѵ̶ţ
ûĳ춪һۣͰķڶɣңȥ˵أǽȥĻǾֻҪ༸ʱͿԻˣ
ðɣȥǵҺ˵һ֮ż˵
漴У촽΢鴫˵һ´£̣Һˣôȥ
ӣֿСӲǰˣ
˵ţַ࣬ļϣ쾺˽һ漴˺һͬʧԺУٴγֵʱȴһƬǿջƣ˸ĵ򡭡
ʲôط컷Χʮֲ⡣
Ҫȥһռ䣡
Ի͵ΪԪռ䣬Ψҵ̫ϳϲſԽȥҲÿ˶УҪһʲôҲ

֮Ϊ죬˿Ҳ֮˵ҴһʼھʹûȥҲ֪ô£ܽȥĻһҪúõĿȳ֮ٸ˵˵
һֱô˵ҲˣҲûȥֻ֮жòлԵȥ

һλ̫ϳϾȻֻһܹȥǸʲӵռ䣬ֱЩ
ͬģҲĺ֮ʢ
ǸʲôԪռںδҸôܽȥʵ
ھ
ָָܵǿգЦÿһǵ㶼пڣʲôҵڣǾҪԼˣıͷųȫԸԵĻӱԽԪռˣ
ǰҺʹ˲ʱûнȥھͿԼˣҲ˵
ô򵥣ðɡԣ
΢΢ף漴Ե˵΢ЦУ˫ۣĶʼӿʱķҲԽһǹϵϯӣޱȹС
磬㣬˵㻹ǾŲ㣿ʵ
ӦǾŲɣ
ԳǾŲ㣬ôʣ
ҲΪǡ
Ҫ˵ʲô֮ʣͻأȴǶȻ죬ԵԺҲĿɿڴ죬׼ȷ˵ǶǺڰɫʮ
⡭ʮ𣿡
ε𾪳ĿǹŹ֡
ʮ㣡
Գ³һЦԳһ£ǻڲ¾Ų㣬Ȼʮһ
ԣ쾵ͷ
Ե
Ҳ֮һʱ֮䲻֪˵Щʲôȥ죡


1487 ڰԻ磡
ƺ˵ĸ̾ŤͷһۣһĨЦ⡣
Сӣ㾹ȻҳЦǣ
״ʱĦȭƵĵ۵ˣôʰѾģ
ʮǾԿԽԪռģ
Ȼ˵ҲֻһЩϷ֮԰ˡ
㲻ҪκξٶҲҪʲôֿԼܣԪռһչģ漴˵
ˣ̣
ͷҲ˵ܸɴķſӣܵһб仯κζ
ʱһһĹȥǺڰɫ໥֯ʮѾͷϿգܵǿչâҲԽ貣տɫǻԽȫ֣·ԡǺ֮У˼ֹ֮С
ŴŴš
תݣڰɫâǹ⽻֯һޱϢŹȥңԭƽȵĿռȻǵ·ܵĳصָʼΪĲϵתȻγһͬǰĴڣֻһſǲϳԲתԵüΪ⡭
·쾣Լ˿һĻЩ΢΢
㣬ûӰɣʵ
ţ
ףҪ׼˵ʲôʱ쾿ˣҾĳɾͱضҵ֮ϣ
磬ⲻǷϻ𣿡
ûķһֻۣǰǻٴδת˲ǽ쳹֣ܿռҲǲݣǸո׼ĿϸȥʱȴȻʧߵС
һ˲䣬еһжƽ·ͱδֹһ
ǽȥˣ
ֻۣǲ֪ܹջЩʲô
㣬ҡ
ĿڣԵЩԥҿɲԽȥ
ۣ
ԺԥӦˣǶȥԣ
ã
ЦŵͷԵĻǴᷴԵġ
Ҳ˷һ£漴ЦŲ̾һֻҲ֪ܲܽȥ
İɣҾһԣ԰ο
ϣˣ
ףҲٶԡ
˵ͣƬУַĹǲɵЩˡ

һߣھԼȻһµĻȫֳһƬޣ˺ڰɫ֮⾹ȻϢİĵײ˿˿ѹ֮С
ĪǾ˵Ԫռ䣿
컷Χüͷ΢΢
˴κǾһƬܹջԼš
ף
ȻһһֱͷϿյȴֱӷɵС

ۣӦֶɣȻȥʵûʲô𣬵˵ȴһӰһͬʵʰӰ񡭡
ȻڽУ쾹ǿʮĸܵʵָУһȷΪȡ
ڸЩʲôߣʲô
콫ľʱѹĵףΧǺڰɫĿռ䣬ԵЩ㯡
һˣûܹκλش
ôţǲת֮⣬
ʱУƵĺڰɫâ·ܵĳǣΧռĺڰɫңӦ첻ɵ΢΢ûжදľе˸żΪ۵Ĺâ
ڻʮĹؼԼ²һأ
Ȼڽ׻ᷢʲô첻ö֪
ϵĺڰ׹âܿռĺڰɫԽ֯һȴԵĸоֿռ֮ӿҪǣԪҲܵĳǣĸһתת˲˾ֱӽ뵽ֿ붨״̬
ҲһɲǼ䣬ԭеʼЩڰ׹âУֱͷϿգתУһƺʵʰĺڰɫעڣ붨ͬʱҲֳ֮С
ʱһһĹȥ㱼䣬·һ˲ȴֺǧ֮á
˫ۣ۵ɲǣ˫ͫȻһĨâ۾ȫĺɫɫƣͫ
˼ˣ»ᵱһɣ
ǡ
һвһĨâ֮ȴһ㱼Ժз·һЩĶ
֣
켱æ񣬰֮ǰչʾķʽ˲ǽ˳
ȻԼĳ֣ȴǳ״סˡ
û֮ǰˮıɫͳɫֳľȻμһƬڰס
׼ȷ˵ӦΪףұΪڣղ˫ͫɫһ£
ɳУֻڵΪİִڱ֮еĸоܹڰָʹĻ컹ĲԼģ
ô£
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ƺԣº󣬾Ǵ⴦ڰֹâ˲ֱûԭμĺڰʼ
⡭
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ţؿͷϷڰɫâ۵λãǳֳһСƬɫӵƣҲɫ֮Խҡ
ңˣȻЩƺǿȴ첻ʲôΣա
ȻȴԽԺһֱȵûķԸȴֱعڵ˲䣬춸Ȼһһ֮С
ԺȴֻǶ֣磡
磿
Щ漴ΪһͷϿյĻɫٴα˺ڰɫĳص켣תܿľγһ̫ͼܵӰ죬ܵĺڰɫâ֮תΨһ˾վԭأһ˼ģ
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һ࣬Щȴ򣬸޷ȥ
ЦݺȻָֻ֣ΧаЦˣ͸ɴΪ磡Ϊ򣡡
ʹˣվͣҲζ·̤Ҫһ
Ϊ磿
ֱԾЩףȴһ㣬ԼżӰ죡
һгһգԲ͸֣ôضܹܱȵջ
ǽʲôʱ첻ȷҲʲôֻ֤ҪôһĿڣʹļȥκ


1488 ȵˣأ

콫ԼĻɢȥ֮ȴǷԼѾ֮ǰڵǿУҲʱԵ
ѭȥ쾣Լλ̫ϳڲԶںĴ죬ƺԪռеЩʲô
ϧվǲܵģ
ҪܹջҲ̫һЩ
쾲̣壡
ߵǰһ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴֱӵϻˣ˵㵽ʲôǲʵһ˺ܶࣿ
ûУʵҡͷ
ûа
æֵ˵ʵûûʲôСӾͱˣʲô
ܣ
Σû˵Աһɣͺ˵ˣԪռÿ˵ǲһģںʹһȥҲвͬľ˵ˣ𣿡
㣬ⲻǺ𣿺ٺ١
ȻͬΪҵ̫ϳϣԵʱȴȫûμ֮ʱϣֶ־µӣ첻һݸ
СӣЦң͵Ц۾һġ
ܣ
ԳһۣӣԾͬСƵĳ켷üŪۣһʶ
壡
ЦЦ˵Ԫռеʲô϶ǶĽ棬Ҫúõںϣܹиķչռ䣬𣿡
л̣ף
ף漴ԥһ£ǻԵһЩĶҲҵͣ
ˣ
Ļ˾𾪲ѣ˫Ŀˢˢϣǲš
һֱûô˵ȴҲ޷ƽĹâ𾪵˼㣬ץĸ첲Сӣɱƭǣĳˣôô죿ôܣ

˵̬ȣͬɶаͷԣѵǽʲôô
˼⣬һʱ侹˻شĻС̫ϳϺǲʼϻζֱۣһ˫۾ôġ
򵱳Ҳ˵Ӧˮ˫Եİɣ
оȣʵǰ˵ⲻܰ
̣ʲôܣӣôһ£췴ʵ

죬ЩЦá
ˣˣ磬ھҪܲȥԪռ䣬һ𣿡ԱߴܵĴ̼Ƶġ
ȥ
쾵ͷ
ȥɣҴȻȥ
˵ǲУǧҪǿԺлģ
ˣ㣬֪ˣ磬ߣ
Ӧһ£쾵ֱ۳ǰ޾ǿշȥ쿴ֱ
ˣȥǣ
ЦЦǵȴȥȻٽķ
쾲ǡ
ȴЩɣ԰ڰֵİɣûµģİȫԣɱҪǿܶ࣡
Ǻðɣ
ͷ漴ԱһЩӡ漴αԭʧٴγֵʱѾǻصڵԺС
һʱ䣬Źȥ˲գ
ЩпȻ֪ԼԪռе˶ãԲٹʮգȴ죬ʱֱ̫ˡ
Ȼ䣬һͷسʵ̣ǿɲƽȥԪռ
ţ
⻰һ㶣ȻЦǿʱɣ
ǰҲĵͷϡ
뷨ãȴǲܵģ
ȴһ̾ɻɫУҪӦԵԪռûиôܹ
ǡ
죬ȴʲôû˵
Ҳû⣬ЦЦˣʽɾͶȻԳЩϼһҲǼģҺ˵˵ɣ
ޣãͷ
򣬵ҲѣȴֻǷԵ֮ҪԺ𽥽֮ռ֮໥ںϣӶͣԻԵ
ΪʲôЩαȻܹƿ֮ȴ޷ʩչԭ򣿡ӿڵ
α֮ʥ֮ˣһЩĲƿЩ򣬸㲻򣡡
ףֵͿһʮּѵḶ́ûг֮ǰҲֻܱԡα֮һҪʱ;ҲǷأ˸ղ˵ѾͲŻôȣ
ܷ𣿡
ɵͷԵûİһ⣡룬ʥصʱйأȻҲ֪еԭ򣬵ȻЩϵܣҲʣҪһ㣬ЩֵεˣԲ˵ȥ
ǣ̣ף
صͷڻ飬δ˵
Ҫһ㣬ԪռȻԣûеʺɶŻȴǲͬ
⣬ΪĹȽԵʣȴǲûҪԶ˵κһطǿԵġ
ˣȲ˵ˣ
԰֣ЦĵһҪȥ㲮ôˣ
õģлл̣
ЦףԵʧǰ

УϥȴһƬĺڰɫ֯ʩչĽ
Ѿĵˡ
ԴԺ󣬳˰֮⣬ϵһ˽ҽҲջ񣬶Ҫȴˡ
Ϊʱ죬ѾԼĻһָ˫һĨЦ뾪졣
ԭˣĺݣ
ǹճһĨϰԵĻߣܺڰ׵һƬת˲˻ɫһشػ治ϵԾţ·һڿ赸Ц
˿̣üĴȴһӡǣһɫӡǡ
ɫɫľɫԼɫִɫչֳ֣ͷ׵ģҪÿһɫչ֣üĴȴͬʱŲͬӡ֡
飬ˮ飬飬ľԼ顭
⣬Ҳǻ
ֻǣȥ˼⣬޷óſռӣϲѵͬʱȴЩССʧĵȴܹȷǲǲܣֻû㹻ʵȥѡ
ţֻҪһЩʱ䣬Щʲô£


1489 Ůأƹ
⼸գջʵ̫ˣȴһ޴𺳣
ĸ֣飡
û뵽龹Ȼܹãֱ仯ҲǱô򵥣ʵʵڵģ
磬תɱɫĿˮôбˮ˵ԭڻԵһйżѹã
֮ܽʲôĵˣǵ˱Եʲô춼ȫͬͻתӶԷԼ
ƾһ㣬ϲ
ȻҲٲȻΪĵƣû֮һ
ıʮԼڶԱ֮
硭
գӯӯ˹磬ѶǶչ˺þˣôÿ춼ĵ𣿡
Ǻǣôˣʲô˵ǱչصĵطҪʲô紵ݶģ̾ͻ֪
ǺһЦסϸİɣһʱ䣬Ӧмձܹˣֻǡ
ˣ첻üͷһ塣
ֻʲô
컳УˣҲúߡ
ǿ¶˲õЦݣǾޱҸ
֪ΪΣЩ֮У·ʲôõ鷢˵
õ飿
Цȥ΢ֱӣȻǺѶй𣿡
ǣ
ҡҡͷüԵô£ҲҵĸоģڵΣԤϣε飬ӦòǺйأ
ûϵôòأɵ
Ҳ֪̫˰ɣ
һ΢ƽһЩˣȲˣҡ
ո˵ǺһЦ鰡˵ԽԽ׼ˣʲô߰ɣѶҪˣ
ģ̫ˣǿߣ
һϲ켱ٳȥЦãȴҲûж˵ʲô˱̳Ůչصĵطȥ
ְ֣衭
ߵʱȻѩϣվڱϳǴкСһﻳлС˵ĳ
ǱΪϹѩľСߴԼȻΪϾС
ôЦ߹ȥ
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ʻʱԹԵػص˵ǾҪˣǹǣ
𣿡ͷСʵ
ţǵأ
Сӿٵĵ˵Դ漴ֺ컳ȥץס˿СߴС𣬶ԾѩƱϣСʿƵģȥ
ȻԲʲô磬ȴޱȺгĻ棬鲻һЦ
ʱҲûȥٶʣʲôǰ֪ЩӦûǰ桭
硭
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Ҳæ׷˹ȥֻϧû׷ϣڼǰƱԵʱ򣬱һ͵˻ֻĿûУʱֻǲϺ֮⣬
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ৡ
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Ůǰ˶ʮֿģСһ컳СһţֱԾУСԴϹǰ˶ֱЦֱЦá
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Ҫ֪չ֮ǰȻҲʥ򣬿ɲǶغһذˣ̶ʱȥȻһô࣬Ҿ绹ʮȹ̣ѵ˻
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һüŪۣôҲݸǿЦá
Ǻƶйذɣ
΢΢һ
Ͳ㣡
ЦЦ֣ѽƶ˵ˣ´ҲȥչŶ˵ԺǵʵͿԳأ

ԣȴǿЦҡҡͷô׳ģ
УʲôУ
ƲƲ죬罾Ŀȸһȥ磬˵ǲǣ
ǣǣ˵ʲôǶԵģͷ

˻Цˣ׸һޱĵİۣͷʱһȡ
쿴ʲô
ʱĽ
ѭȥǰľ޴ƣǱһģڹǰһ޴Ĺ㳡ǹ㳡ϾϡɼһССӰڲϵȸԾˣš
ǸòɣǸʲô£ƶй𣿡˺촽Ȳѡ
ƹ
֪ΪΣ쾹ѿڶ漴ȴЩ㯣ΪʲôʶƹӣһϤ
漴뵽뵽׷粽뵽֮ǰһĻĻƹ
֣Ҳ뵽Щɵһɻ
ʱ˿̣˿ǰһ֮⣬ûܹκλش
ʱһһĹȥǰֳĹ㳡ϣСӵӰ֮⣬ǶһŮӣǸǿʮĿŮǳɡ
ҲҲ˴е󡭡


1490 ƣط磡
û֪⵽ô£ΨֻǰֵһʮϤ·ǿӡ˹һֻǲ֪Ϊʼеļǲ
Ϥ֮⣬һĪƺܶԲƵġ
쿴ƶ֣
ֹȥ˶ʮӣһ˱ǳƺӰվǹ㳡ϳ֣СС˶С첻ţƺǱʲô˼ôֻԽɻ
ƶ
鲻ԽķỨԼ֪ô£һŨŨǸ⡣
ɢˣЩɢˣ
ŵһ̣ڼ˵Ŀע£һһСӰǣ빬ڣǹĴŻرգеİȴǻƮɢǰһҲ֮
㿴ңģʮֲ⡣
ʱҲǻָƽ񣬿ΨԼǰֳһƺʵĹֻϧǲ
˭֪ղŵô°
ܲʵĿȴǷϡ
Ȼһûע⵽ղӣ˵ǡƹ֣ȴһ
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㡭
ҲܹȥС֣Сһﵽһߴߴ˵ʲôֻССԹһͬƵĶָָ㣬ʱʱػССԴԴƺϴƵģʹôҿĶһݸ
硭
Ůһ󣬳Ʊǰվ΢΢зһĨЦ⣬ôֱ飿
ƶ㡭
죬ԺʲôƵģϸϸһȴָ֪ʲôԽԺ
˵ʲôæʵ
ҡûûУ
죬ȴֺܿҡͷɻ֮ɫ
ûоˣ
ʧһţ֮û˷֡
ʧʲôʧ벻𣿿벻ֵʲôأ
а˼⣬ʱŵŵŵ˹˵ְ֣ںһŶ
һ
һϵҲЩ⡣
ƶʲôһŤͷơ
ǰƶ㣬ô£˵ʲô˼ҲǺ治ѵʵ

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漴˵Ŀ֮£ɴ˫ۣŴĳɢ֮ܵʱƶ㾹Ȼ򣡡
򣡣
ĻٿϵǳǳЦݣôܻ֪ô£
Գƺһ˼ָʵ
ƣ򡭡
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ûѾʵңף˵
ءۣƶǿ
첻ѣæųƿȥ
ҲǲһԼҲǲͻƵһضѣƾαչأѾ
ôء˶٣ʵ
Ͳ㣡
ȻȴصһЦʱ㶣Цѵҡҡͷ
£Ǹұܣҿɲ˳Χţ˵
ȻǷ׷׵ͷӦŵ
ܿ죬ұ뿪˴صڵԺӡ
漴飬ԼŮǽΧһ澪ʵһȴҲǺ棬ôô졭
Ҫһ㣬ƵͻΪʲôû׽ٽ٣
һ㣬ȴδͣôҸΪɻ󡭡
ղְֳйذɣ
찵˼⣬Ʋ˵Ҳöʡ
ΣԼѺʵ˵Ҳһĺ£
ԽԸѪ£Ҳ𵽼á

ΪƵŮĵʱɽУȴһϴˣȴ˼ƼأչӰɽвϴ󣬳صڼٶ
ʲô˸ôأ𣿡
Ӱڴʱ򣬱ʱһһȲѡ
Ӱ˲ͣ£ֵ֪ͨһ£ؼط磬Ҫݷң
û֮ط硣
ؼҵˣ
Ϊ׵һƳһط磬˼ûеõԷ˽ȥҪݷãó
ӣôܻ
طˣȴǵŭҺֵܣȥͨ
ϣ
ȴǺĹЦСӣƭҲõ˵вڿҵ̫ϳϣλε磬ôӵֵܣ
СӣȥȻҵȶ㲻ã
Ϊ׻ʱȳʮҲǷ׷׳Եıһ˫˫Ŀ⼫ΪƵط磬طٲ뿪ֵ֮˼
㣬ǡ
ط˿ڴŭЩѵȥͨһУ

Ϊ׻һۣҪԣ
ǡ
طô˵
طͷɲǰģԪ֮ˣȻҶô˵ʲô
ˢ
ʱطһŭȺѸչգ۱嵽Ϊ׻ǰȻһȭֱϡ
ء
⧲Ѫĵɶصײüôſͣ¡
ҲطԵʣȻΪ׻ûС
Сӣ㾹Ȼﶯֵ֣ǣһϣΪ׻³Ѫˮһŭ
ǣ
ʮǳطһӵϡ
Ҵ򣡡
ط״Ϊŭ
ˣҲЩ˿ģ
ৡ
漴չһʮд󣬶صӵʱ䣬ЩûһվţĵڵϣһǾ⡣
طҲΪĶǣƣվǶڴڵĴŴԵüΪǱ
ݡ
ʱΪ׻ˣȴǺԥĴӻͳһһƿ֮Ƕʱһû˿ռʧ
Сӣ͵ɣ
һУΪ׻˵
ٸ˵һ䣬Ųھ㣡
ط粢δֹ˵ľٶˣδزһ£ҲԸļ졣
ʵ˵ţǳһۣǻʱ죬Ψط᲻һеĽ


1491 ؼûˣ
ʲô˸£
Źȥķӣһռӿʮˢˢת˲ǽطΧס
һӰȺ߳ǰ죬ѵ֮׷
ȻҲŵӣȴûôܵӣԴ׷ԺȴǱһŻͷݣÿ֮⣬ҪŵлҲһΪҪλˡ
ȻҲʮָ𣬽ŵĻľüζܵ˼ͳǵ
Żǵĳ֣Ҳøղűط˵Щһ˷ܲѣĲ£߻ص󡭡
Ϊ׵Ļȴǳ磬Ҫֵܱ𰡣̫ˣ
𣿡
ΪŭطɲǣȴзŭĻ涼˲Ϩ
Ϊ׷ߣǼطġ
ֻûлط˵طҲֻǾЩ죬֪
ǵģ磬
Ϊ׻ָط磬ҧгݵĵҲǶʼ䣬ȻϽ뿪Ͷֵôص֣磬Ҫ

ҧҧŭ
ԣԣǸͷ
طʱҲۣվԭأ˿ûκ֮⡣
죬¾ҲһҪһ棡
սط¹
ž
ȻطΪһѪսʱ򣬺ȻһĶɵЩ̧ͷ
磬㡭ʲô
Ϊ׵ĻǻѪǲ⡣
ľ㣡
ŭһ˷߳ȥȴæٵߵطߣ磬û°ɣ
ǶϹ𣿻ȥ֪ͨϣ˵ˣ
οطһ漴Ťͷ
磬ҡû취ϰЩæЦ
ֻŻ˵ȥˣŵʸûС
ʶңطһϵɱ
ʶʶϵĽֳôܲʶ
Цһ£漴磬Եȣȥ֪ͨһϣ
ã鷳ˣ
طף漴Ĳ£СߵһԴ߿¡
֮ǰطЩˣһɫ԰ֽԼһУǸΪ׵Ļɫ־嵽˼㣬ܸɴͷһᣬֱ˹ȥ

ԺУŮյһ˵죬һЩĵãŸԻеСߴСΨȴǹԹԵվߣʱʱظſԱߵѩιһԵġ
ֻ棬ΪгҲǲ¶һĨҸЦݡ
ȻܿЦݾͲˣҲ漴ӿޱȱϢԺ˶Ťͷ˹ȥ
պôվȳȥһ£
磬ʲôʱʵ
ˣˣھ棬ȥӽ˵
򵥵Ľһ£Ҳ˲ξֱ˲뿪
Ѿ̫ϳϣżƻһعҲδɣ˵Ҳǵط¡
֪ˣҲԲκε֣
⣬˲ƶ
磡
ˣ̹ӭȥ
Ȼ̫ϳϣǰһЩ˻ϰ˽½磬ҲԵø׽һЩһ
ôµ棬ҲøӲǣ
ţ
ͷط磬˵յ˼£طƵԳסֿط˵ʲôӣֵӣȥ˵
ã
طͷ漴Բ£ͷ΢΢ʾ⣬˱ǾֱĽء
硭
ط뿪ʮ֮ǰطĻʱ
Ҳû뵽ôһȥݵ˶ĻϵֵܰȻĵӣҲЩԼ
ǼȥԼ췣û۵Ķ
һǴ˾ֱ뿪ˣҲЩ˶
һߣط羶ֱĻصԺС
ӡ
塭
طڵĲ״ŮӶ˹
Ƕ֪ط֮ĹϵҲûκε裬һľǹĲѡ
죬ҡ
ط׼˵ȴǰڰ֣ȸˣ
˵䣬ǽԪطڣָι˼ŵҩ˴ʮʱ䣬ǽطκ˾ųҡ
󲿷ֶˣҲ㲻ʲôҲܿڵʵȻѵʱ»ö
ӣˮ
ط絹һˮִӷŪӣôһ¡
лл
طܿ콫ˮ꣬Ҳ˲ȥǵˮգæ죬ؼҡûˣ
˵䣬طˮúõһ˾ȻˣҪĻ˵Ļʱɫһ䡭
ؼûˣ
ʲô˼
˵
Ǳ߻֮ұһֱаɷȻǰ죬ȻӵҸǰĴţ˵֪ͨǣؼ⵽ѪµĹؼڲҲѪµˣӦ֮¡ؼҾûˣ
ҵȻţæаɷ뿪˲ƻȥ򣬿ɻûһص壬;б˷ƴһսҵЩѪ֮˾Ȼ㳯߹ˣ;УҲ˺üϮӦѪ֮Ϊ
ҲЩͦߣȻϮɱĻҪˣ
طһ˵꣬ŭѣ۽ǵˮϻ䣬֡
ؼңȻѪ¸ˣ
һֱš
Ǵ˻ǳطУҪΪڿЦء
죬Ҫȥط˵
ã͹ȥ
ԥĵͷؼұһ¶ʮأҪüǾ֪
Ǵط糯ƵķȥͬʱҲ̫ϳϵݣ֪ͨ˼𣬴ŭԼĳԨһе飬Ϲȥ
ǶƵſڵʱҲˡ
һ£ûʲôطʾ£ǽؼұ齲˳Ƕʱɫ䣬һֱţ
֮ǰѪ¶ԸԼҵķͨƣӶܹõƿ
ξȻֱºֽؼ
Ѫ£
ŭ͵һӣŭҽ̸Ϲȥؼһ˻ţһҪ䱣סѪµ˵óѰ
ͬ⣡
Ҳͬ⣡
ݺԨ׷ױ̬ŭͬʱȴŤͷȥϣΣ
һȥɣ
ۣΣʼնҪȥ
ãǾһȥ
İ֪ͨһ壬ȻǾ͹ȥˣϣ㿴ǲҲ֪ͨһλϣ
쾲ûգӦÿԣ֪ͨ
ͷ漴˫֪ͨԣʱԱƵڣһϳޱȵķŭɱ


1492 ؼأر
Եĳ֣ڳ̹ȥ񣬵ȴǰ˰֣ô£ؼôᱻˣ
̣ȥ˵ҲǺ˵
Һһ𣡡
Ժԥ˵ǱôģҲȻᷴԡ
ԵĿȴǺܿطϣؼҵˣ
ţͷ
Ϊʲôؼұˣܻţ
ɲǼ䣬Եӱɭ䲻٣Ҳ漴ӿޱĺطֱϮȥ
طˣȻָ˲ųɣ֮ʵ޴࣬ȴط£С˴һûһ㷴֮
ֻգۼ䣬طѾָһЩɫڴ˿̸ǲ԰ֽһѪɫԡ
̣ס֣
״ʱ˸ط絲
Ҫʲô
ɫһÿؼұһ˻ţѵⲻֵû𣿡
̣ҵֵܣ
ҵؼұһ¶޹أؼҼ֮ӣ
һʵطǲĶӣҪ˵طֵ𣬶ϧȥΪ
ط磬ѵԻܲ
ã
Եͷ˲ջϵĺطӵнѳƵģڴڵĴŴ
ҲһҲĻһЩ̣Ǳ𵢸ˣھȥǱ߰ɣ
һ𣡡
ۣҪ˵̲ӣ˭֤ؼ֮йصĻҾԲŹҲ⣡
̷ģ
ʼ磬Եҵֵܣ
˵꣬Ҳٶԣֱӷط磬кһͬ뿪ˡ
Ȼ뿪֮ǰȴҲǴ֪ͨһǼŮߵȺ
նľٶŮȴҲóóȻĸϣֻܼڼУ

Դط磬һ˼ʹ˲ƣʮӵʱ䣬ؼصС
ǣڼ˵ƺؼص˽⻹ҪǿһЩϤ̶ƺҪطؼҵѪ
ȻҲûжʣϾҲȥЩʱ
ؼغ󣬿ƺ˺ܶѪȣһɫΪѿ
ţط¶᲻һеֱӳ嵽ȥˡ
Ƚȥ
ֱǰȥ
ǽ󣬿ȴЩɻ
һֱΪУ̲Ӧֽзŭɱһбֳ˰ڵһͷŭĸʨӣʱпܽڵŭȫ
ؼЩΪ֪ԨԴ
Ҳֲֻ²ˣʵΣҲö֪
һ˺ܿԽؼأҲԽΧֲٵĸֲ֫ϱۣеѪϢҲԽŨôҵɫʮѿطż޷ƽ
̣Ƿɢɣ
ԵԽŲһ٣ͷӦãǿŰ죬Լߣ
˵꣬Ա漴ֱ˲뿪ӦһЩȶĿꡣ
λһɣҴŷȥطŤͷ˵
ã
ҲûǺŭԼԨ˳һȥǷſط֣ӣϤ㿴ڸȥĶ
ȥ棡
طһչ˸ȥ
Ϊ̫ĺżԵʣ˲ǽٶ˼£״ҲæϣΨطʲô⡣
ܿ죬˱һʮΡĴǰѾޱưܣǵǰ㳡ǲȱϣ˸ֲ֫ϱۣԼһ޿ɱѪˮμֱͬɭ޵һ㣬Ĳѡ
⡭
ۣúݵֶΰ
طĿѣˮǲҪǮƵķʱʱؽϼʬǰ֣ʹ
Щˣ󲿷ָؼصһĻò·ǰȴһ߾߱䣬ȱȫʬ壬طͷޱȷŭǶЩޱȵɱ
ס
ưܵĴУطʹһܹȥʬ
״ҲǼæȥĿӣҲһ̾ҹĳһ
ӡ
㿴Χһûˣ
ףס
Ȼطȴûһ档
ӣ
״Ϊ֮˵ͬʱȴתԪһʪͬĺĳƵطһΪ޴˶˫һЩԡ
죬Ҹˣ˰
ط˺ѷεĺţҲæǧץס˫磬ӣҪȥΧûˣ¾ûô򵥣
ã
طʱ˼СĽڵϣ󻺻Ŀ⳯Χϸȥ
ΪĶӣȻ֪ʲôطȥ˻Ԫ½ؼ˵˽⣬ܹǣҲʮġ
Ź˼ӣطϸĿһ飬ȻǷʲôҪ֮ʣǴȴǼٶӰ
ŭݣԨˡ
ط統տڲԣ˵ʵڵԨһ˹ǾԻ˵ȥ
ϾЩУŵҲֻԨүүԼǣȻ˵ϲţɱϾطҲˡ
Ƕ
ûȴҿ˵ԵҲ漴˽Ի룬ȴһˡ
׼ȷ˵һ˵ˡ
壿
ˣطʱ۾һæܵǰ壬׷ʲôңô£
˽رؼҵһλϣʵʥأľš
үҡҡ
رط磬ȴɫ˼㣬ƺ޷˵һĻ
̣Ķҵģߵߣʵ
һ䣬ﵽʬ壡һﱻҵʱѾԣƸޱأҳֽ£ڶһʬˣǻص
Ŷ
ͷһطߴرʼĩһ߼ΧΪע⵽˸ղطҪ˵ӣֻǱǵĺȻ˶ѡ
ԣ¿²򵥣طѾӵڵһ߾ʬϷĳЩۼ
Ǳʲô𣿡תʵ
ȻӦȷĸͬʱҡͷҲǲһ̾
Ŷˣؼ
ָָǱߣԵҾãѪºȻؼ˺֣²Ϊ˶Ըô򵥣϶ͼ


1493 й
ͼ
ĻǾһ㶡
ģȫһ֮ؼ³˱ҵر֮⣬ڿҲֻطһˡ
صʬ⣬ҲΪսµĸֲƣ
Ѫ֮ͼĻôӦûһЩۼŶԣܲǽؼ֮ͲѰ˰ɣ
⣬Ҫһ㣬ԣؼҾʲôܹѪ¿ϵģһϧ˵Ĵ󶯸ɸ꣬ؼֱ
壬塭
ʱطȻ
˶ʱѭȥرѾεڵأȻƹأֵܹѾΪˡ
ӣ
ĿٹȥһЩر״󣬳ӣģΣգ
˵䣬ȡطλãͨʵԼľİطӱıԵֱ˻Ȼɣչǲٶ񻯣ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬رҪָ۷״̬Ҳǲܵ顭
үңҡ
رİºܿѹĿⴥط֮ʱȴȫԲΡ
壬˵ˣ
طæȺúϢģҸ׺ؼҵĳһᱨģһѪЩ˺ù
ţţ
رͷʥصĸִʱȴȫûһֵķ緶
壬Ȼӽһ壬Ҳôɣ
컺Եʱ壬Ѫ֮˹Ϯؼңû˵Ҫʲô
ǡ
ر㶣Ȼ˵֣ȴδ®ɽĿ
壬ҽ죡
죿ҵϣ
رһ㶣͵ػعæϣһҪؼұ𰡣ˣ
壬İɣӵ¶飡
ףֵ㻹Ȼشҵ⣬ЩѪ֮˵Ϊ
⡭Ĳ
رҡҡͷ˵ҸղѾͷү˵ˣ鷢ʱ棬ǽӵ˼ŲŴҴҸϻģɻʱѾˣö˺ö˶ˣ
죬յȷ˵ҲΪһŻܹӵһһֱ⣬Ծ棡طҲ֮˵
ǰǰǣԸңؼôڶ
رԽ˵ԽģҲǲһ̾˱壬㲻֪ˣȺúϢ
οһǼΧֵӣúõչһ±壡ȥΧٿȡʱ佫ؼصеطһ飡
ã
طͷҲûԡ
Ǳǻ뿪˴
ŵ㳡ǲҵΣǲһ̾
һʵ̣ǲ뵽ʲô
֮ǰע⵽ر˵ʱһĨڲдʡ
ңͨʱദԸǻĴڡ
ȷҲ˵Կ϶ǣой
԰֣һȥԵңؼҵ˲ˣǱʼն򣬾㲻УҲЩѪ֮ϣ˵⻹һ
ˣԵαѾԶԶ߿
ȴüæ̣һʲô
ϣˣ
ҡҡͷҪ˵ʲô֮ʣȴǿЦŴϵͳǻǽɣʼնǵܲүүҲҳϰɣ
Ǻã
Ļʱ¶Цݡ
Ҳ漴֮ǰǲǾǰЩԾȻҲǺӦؼһλ̫ϳйأӦǸ鷽棡ҲȻ˵ģ
Ŷ
Ȼĵͷ
ͬĸ׶ľı磬ֻĸĽѾεԺǸûôˣ
ˣ˵ˣ
˦˦ͷǰҸղ˵ȷֿѰң콫ؼұ飡ϣܹҵĻڣ
ã˾ǵͷ
УʲôΣգǧҪ嶯һʱҪǵ֪ͨˣѵ
ҲûκǸɢ˿
ҲһԶŴʱؼصЩưܣԼ޴ڵĸʬףɫҲԽı
Ѫ£ȷ̫ˣ
ֱǸ
ȴδߵ̫ԶƺҲδ˵Ҫȥؼط
аЦʱһ˫ȴ˸ޱĺâ
һƵСֶΣҲƭң
ۣЦ̺Ҳоˣֻǡл᲻ỹթ
ǰţٶȴǼһ˿¶û߳ʮףٶҪȥؼѲɾĻһʱ䶼

Ѱ֮ʱǲƴڣط粻֪ӺδõһӣСķرãֽŲ˹ر򿴵ĸǱˣżҲѣطҲԽˡ
壬ȺúϢҳȥǣ
ط˵űҪȥȴֱرܿסˣүȵȡ
طŲһ٣Ťͷرг˱֮ɻ
үʵղ˵Ļȫģ
ر˵ط統һ㶣壬ʲô˼ĪһֱڼУ
ҵȷ棬Ѫ֮ԶԸǣȷûбô򵥣رҡҡͷԵ
ǾΪʲôأУղΪʲôֱ˵
طüѵ㲻ǣ
֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣ
رʾطǰ£Եүǿ㳤ģҲΪҪȥԪ½һϣҲܹף
˵䣬رһ۱壬żǸҲֻмǼλ֪Ҳ֪Ѫ֮ǴӺδ֪ģǴоΪõǸŻɱ֮
ʲôطʱ׷ʵ
ⶫǡ
ر򻺻죬طҲ˶ϸš
ȻڽһɲǣرԭƵͻȻֳһĨӱϵѸ̧𣬳طĸץȥ
壬㡭
ط⧲ȻоرĶ֣ȴΪԵʣ
֪й
ʱһͻȻ֣طԭˣúһ죬رµӱüٷˣصײ׿һϲſͣ¡
ǰӣҲΪܲס˲䳹׻촷ۣرڵϷǺȻֵˣ𾪳죬ôû뿪
ûǺȻֵ죡
ҲΪļʱ֣طһѣ
졭
طҲЩסȴǷŭһ˫Ϊŭͨ˫سرȥҧгݵĵ壬⵽Ϊʲô


1494 Ӱľ
طܷŭŭ˼㣬ƺ׶ðһ
һֱر򶼺ţ
˵ֻĸףؼҼҲǽ䵱ɾԵĸԴ
رʱȻҪطɱ֣켰ʱ֣ط綼Ѿһʬˡ
⣬طܹܣ
Ϊʲô㾹ȻΪʲô
طǷŭУرȴǹЦѣ״񲡣
ط簡ط磬Ϊرؼҵ𣿹
رЦµҲˣؼҵһжɵģѪϴԶ֣ؼȫ
Ѫµˣ
ΪطһԪŭ΢ƽһЩ漴ӦǱؼ˰ɣҵǸһֻǣӦѪµĳ԰ɣ
˵һ㶼
رĵͷϣʹ󻤷֮һ
ղŶԷ˵ѪΪĳ֪ǶǺͷƽʵ
ղҸ֣
ûرشط˸û´ĻӦйأ
ʵڸȥΪطʶطĸҲֹһˡ
һӡǡ
ǰҲʹط磬طȴֻ̫˵׸ʲôӡǳ֣ʲôãӡеʲôط統ʱҲ
ֱطӻԪ½صؼңŴĿж˽һЩ֪ȴҲ࡭
һ仰ǾǲΣӡǾԲܸ˿㿴ˣҲҪ˵ģ
ǸǼһȻǽǶˣ
رҧгݵ˵䶢ӡǵĿǳޱȵ̰
ʲôܲ⡣
ؼҵҲǴΪӰľģ
ԺȻ˽˵
ɫЩӵط磬ʲôδ˵
ԣҸҲ˵бӰľģʲôģҲطӦʵǰô֪ģ
үүҵģ
һ̾طȴһүү

ףӣүүӦýȰɣؼҵ̫ϳϣ
ԣүүǽȣҡҼǵСʱż˼ңûмһˣطӦ
ԵӣȻ뵽֮ǰ˵ĹһЩ飬ɵһ󵨲²⣬Ե˿¾Ǹˣ֮˵ؼұôı仯Ҳڵȡ
ǰ
ط컹׼ʲôȴһ֣ϵӣڲضʣԺ׵ģȻ㸸׽ǱӰľڣôζ㾹ؼҵļ̳ˣӣúŬؼҾҪˣ
˵Ҳûȥطǿתɹ˹Ѿ˲ԣⲻ˵ѵ̶𣿡
̲Ҳһ쵽Ծ𣿲ȻôôЦЦ
СӰ
ͷϵ˵㣬ȴûκֵ˼
ǰ죬;òԣطʵ

ͬʱͷ漴һҾʱƲܻôãЩʬ˺ͬȻƿأ󲿷ֶˣѪִɱ˵ķȫͬ
ԲʵҲǹңƽʱ㶨ȻҲԷЩ
ӿڵڶ˵Ļˣһǿ棬һ÷Ӱ֤
ʲô𣿡رڲԶʵ
ʱĿ⼫Ϊ˸Ѱʵʱܡ
ƽʱǾûʲô⣡ؼұش飬˵ô࣬ɾЩˣ
쵭ԵҵʱƺڵҲţȥյӰ֤ⲻйʲô
˵иޱȵο
ԭ
طȻĵͷ漴رȥرڻʲô˵Ѫ¾ȻɥĲΪ˱ӰľľȻؼȫɱǡ𣿡

ط߳ʣرȴǸΪĴЦëͷСӣ֪ӰľĵĺôϲĽǶڣֱɳ
㡭
طòУرбӰľģΪʵô죿ΣҾˣҪҪɱǣ
ѵͲ𣿡
ĵ

رĿˢһϡ
˿̵طҲЩ΢Ժ⡣
ѲɣرǸļһ

ûˣ쳯رͷԵѪ֮ȻѪʹ»ؼҵݣѪڵĵλҲͣԸѪµĴӪںδҿһ
ұϣ
Ļرҧҧȴߵ죬㲻ҪˣҾԲӦ㣡Ҫɱɱ
𣿡
ɫһҪ˵ʲô֮ʣǿѾ˵رȴǶȻһŭȣΧĸֲȱԼʬ嶼ٳڵλϮرԼ˲ԭʧȻ˲ܡ
ܣ
״ۣԵٶȴ졭
رʧͬʱȴƺϵĽʧܵĸֲȱʬ壬ȴǱطɢ֮⣬Ƭ֮ڣһõĴڡ
ӣŲ壬ȳȥɣ˵
ţ
ط粻ٶԣǱʬһͬ档
ء
Ǹո߳ͬʱǰжȻձ֮رζȻո֣صĴӸ߿׹ڵҳһδӣԵޱǱ
ţĻ֣Ӵǿر򣬺ǲмƲƾʥصʵҲӹܵ
䣡
һЦԶʱûĳһۡ
ˣСӣüǻɣ˵
ã
첻ԣ漴ܿĴź˴Ӹͬķ˻
ǰһĻʱǾɻ֣콫˵һǸߣ޲ýرƤʬΡ
λϣȺúõһ
ԥһ£Եһе飬ȥȥͷȥҸطؼȰɣЩĻһ˵
̣ҪȥʲôҪҪҰæ켱æʵ
ЩԵİȫϾ򣬿ɱ˸ղر˵ѪԴӣҪˣĺΣգ
أڴ˵Ⱥǣ
Ȼȴҡҡͷ󣬱˲뿪ˣ첻Цһ¡


1495 ټرƣ
Ժܿ뿪طǰ˵ȥҵطᣬǽҪܣ˵رһʣܷʳʲôõϢҪ˵ֶˡ
ؼڵĳɽУһƬģ˵ïܣȴĿ֮УƺҲΪŲʲôѪϢĵط
طѡﰲҲһΪķˮء
һ֣ܿǽˡ
һ£Ŀ˼ͷ컺ȻطȴǹþûǱˡ
׵Խܵģ
ؼҼⳡѣʮ֮˾ǿԽģҲӳȻ˵ȴҲԲ㣬վǱֻú˼ݡ
ӡ
죬컹ǹȥطӵҲ̫ѹˣҺһ𱨣
طû˵˵ȴޱȵɱƣǶѪ֮˵ɱĥɱ
죬˵ΪӰľģؼôȥֵ𣿡
ط˵ŭӯ
ϵĺܶ飬ֵûֵ߲ݣ
һ̾طļԵزǿǾֵõģΪӰľؼҵĴУΪ˱סУѪ֮˵óѡǿǾֵõģ
ǡ
ط죬ȴʲô˵
ӣҪסȻһˣȴؼҵϣžزڵĻҲԲ뿴ӣ
ȻزӰľĽ㣬ôҪеΣˣ㻹Щֵѣ
㻹Ҫزؼô˱𣡡
ӰľĿ϶ܹؼܹٵΪҪ㲻ΪԼҲҪΪؼң
ĻʮأԴ֮Ǵ޾ĹطƽһЩ
ֻ³һƽеı˶ȫ³ƵģޱȻۣӦˣȻԼҲǺ˽Ӱľģһú
ʶķӣˣһˣҵСʦá
˵طʱ۾һ漴ȴ
˵СʦãʵǶʦＧõյͽܣΪա
ǰطһֱڻ˶ڻҲֻǽ䵱ÿڻյŬУ֮ʵͻƣطҲǽյŮ˿
Ȼ֮ĸ飬Ҳܹȥκϵģ
ԺᷢչʲôӣҲֻпԼˡ
һ˵ˣǻȥɣ
ã
طͷ漴ȴٴι¿ͷһͬصǴ֮Ĺ㳡ϡ
ʱŭԼԨˣȴһɫ
ǿŵرȻˣʣһʼһԲκλӦһ仰ûУֱӱ۾ȫ붨ɮƵģþ˰취վûڡ

طĹԨʱʾ⡣
үү
ߵԨǰƳһرЦôһﲻ׼ڣ
ղžͲˣ
Ԩӵ۰˵
أ
Ȼڽһ˲طʵ̲סͷŭȻһȭֱӺرϣ޷ܣһѪȴٴε˵ϡ

֮ر򷴶ԽĴЦ
㻹ЦЦЦ
طŭǳһȭһȭĳرȥ˿ûκ֮⡣
ӣ
켱æǰסطȭͷͣ˿̵رѾͷ¼ûһõĵطǺѪѾ䣬ûܹϳǰؼҳ֮һ˰ɣ
ر㲻Ѫʹµһѣ
סط磬ųر򵭵ԵΪô֣Ѫ»𣿲ܣˣҲԲκε֮⣡У޷Ǿһ
ҪɱɱĶôϻ
رͷһĿڡ
ĻٵѪĭһ˫Էеζʮ㡣
ãҾͳȫ㣡
ɱ֮һȥѪΪؼұ𣡡
ط类̼Щ˫۶ӿŭ棬˵Ҫȥر
ӣɣ
æٴνסԵҲǳϾرΨһ
ɱҰɱҰ
ر״ҲԽЦֱŵ˼㡣
ৡ
Ŀһּһռ֮ȻϮرұֱӽ飬ĲЦʱֹסѪȪӿͬʱʹĺвϡ
رȻȷǻɱ㣬ȴζŲĥ㣡
һط磬һ¶âٲúϣұ֤ܾʹ࣡
˵䣬ע⵽رʹ֮еĲм쵭ȻЦţұ˳֮Ϊа٣ûеģȻȻǱһԣұ֤ҹÿʱÿ̶ܵʹĥң㱣ֶ֤ξԲһ
ĻرԵһĨ⣡
£µ
ʱԻˣȴһ߻һˣؼҵ̫ϳ֮һرƣ
رƣѾİˡ
˵ûرǵĵãҲܳɹͻƵ򣬸֮ǰ򡭡
رƣڵȷм
ֻ벻ͨȻرڣΪʲôؼػᱻŪ⸱Ѫȵĳ
ǰ
ʱǷ񣬶ҲǴطǰرʶһ£ϾطȻؼҵϵûμ֮ǰǾԲ̫ϳʲôġ
һ㣬ͬ壡
Ȼҵˣȴһ⡭
ڣΪѪµ飬Ѿ˲ôˣ
Ƿɣ
رطļ򣬵˵ҪӰľڣǻЩǣڿȷʺϵˣϧ
ˣرΧһУȴǲ̾һ
ǰؼҷ˴£ôûг֣΢΢üʵ
񣡡Ե
Խ㣬ûµģ
رư֣ЦҲǣұѪֶθסˣֱղҲűҾæҲﲻϰ
ѪǱԹõķѪӰʵ
ı𣡡رƻص
𡭡
һڰѪ粲˵ѪڱչѵѪҲƭңɣΪʲôҪô


1496 յˣ

Щӣʱļ

عæҡҡͷԿһ
һû˵ʲôأҡʲôͷ
û̧Դһ£漴ҲֱӣԵȷʵҸղžȥҪȻѪϵֶΣȫԸҲǼһĶ֣
˵Цˣôǰ
ڨڨЦͷ
̣ڸô죿˶٣ʵ
ǸرʵˣŤͷرʵ
Σ
ԣ漴˫һ̯ڣҪһҼҵ
ڵر۱ڼնϣټϱطʹŹӣֱҲ̶ã˵һûУ
һĻرҲǲ΢΢ü
ҲӦôԿе֪һУҲûκ֮⣡
ڣرŻõĻ޲Գֽˡ
Χûм鵽ʲôڣʵˣһ㣬ûзʲôˣǸղŵĴ֮У
ʺǸʱǿطģϾУҲֻܹЩؼ֮˽⣬֮⣬رҲûôϤ
ûˣ
طܿҡҡͷص
Ӧһ
رȴǺĲʱڳ˵Ŀⶼˢˢϡ
һʮֲ⡣
ȴһĨԸŵİɫֵˣҲˣˣһܿһģ
Ŷã
ô˵ҲٶʣǷ׷׵˵ͷ
ৡ
ȥûһռӣӰ漱ٶ
ľľƣ̫ϳ϶ľ֡
ʸʸ̫ϳϻʸ硣
Լ̫ϳ
ܹ˼ͬʱִȻǽӵĴţǶǴӸظ˹ȻҲһʱϾ֮ǰҲҪźøصķֹѪ֮˻롭
໥ʶ΢֮Ǻܿ콫̸صؼϣؼֳһУȴôҶЩпڵģҲ׼һѣһѪ֮˸ޱȵɱ
ͨ˵ĽҲǶе˽˴ţϸ³Ѫ֮ˣԼһֱտڲԵر⣬ûܹ˽⡣
ΣѪȺԼؼ֣۷һ֦ͬңľͻʸҲԲ޶ãȻϵ۷尲Σĳ̶ȡ
Ѫ£ĸ
ľսȭͷҲúǱ䡣
۷гϺˣ໥ĹϵΪؼҵԽ̼˴ͷķŭľƵȻҲ⡣
ˣӣأôûʸڱʵ
ǰأǡ
ľҲǻΧıȻ˲١
ȣҲؼҵһλ̫ϳϣĸףطүү

رһ̾Ӧԣȴôһɫٴδ䡣
ˣȲ˵ˣ
һĨɫֵλȻһˣôǾһ½ôɣ
ԲѪ¼ŰȥؽңζԵλ棿رҲ֮Ӧ

Ŀڣ˳֮ʱҽǻ뿪˵˭ұ֤˵Ļᱻ͵
˵ΧѪµߣⲻܰɣǴҵʵô˶֣Ԩ
ֻǵĶѣԷһȴδزã˵
Ҳԣ
˷׷׵ͷ漴ԵȥΣ
ã
Ȼκһ뿪ؼأȻرҲǱһ
ɻûǣҪر˽أȻȥ֮ʣǼһﻹʵʵ˵ĻҲľʹࡣ

У֮طǵر뿪Щǽ̸ݺսҲһǣܹر˽⵽ĻҲһԴҶʮа顭
Ȼطرʱ򣬱յķȴǱˣüȥ򿪣վſڡ

һʵôˣ£
٣ͷ٣˵ǷٵŮѣģҳɣæ
ӵŮѣ
㶣漴Ȼĵͷˣ֪ˣȥ
ˣ
طҲ֮һĨ
Ӧǣ߰ɣһú룬һʰ
˵ǻرιȥطһͬ첽ȥ档
ԶԶأһӰЦվǶŸɽķ羰һУһϮɫȹϵĵ㻨׺ŮٷһһʱٻΪ֮
ǻգ
Сʦãطĺ֪
ա
ʾΧһȥЦ֡
ʦ֡
նʱ¶һĨЦݣطǰɴ󲿷ֵĿȴطϣᴹͷСֽ½ǣǸֳһĨĺΣش磬㻹ô
ٯûƽ֮ˡ
ա
طҲЩ˲١
ʱǸںȴǲЦһ£漴ȴæסĵش뿪ˡ
ҲõĻᷢʲô飡
ߣӰ˼С˵ǳˣ
ˣӣСʦãȽȥ˵
һкط뻨һͬأΪλ̫ϳϵԴ·ȻǸİˣȴδκ谭ıֱӽأصרõǸԺ䡭
գôˣ
ЦУطԸյһ裬΢΢Щ࣬ûոͬߵСƵģֻԼĶС¹ײ
ʦʦģ
ҧź촽˵˵شһЩ飬ҲҲ㣬Ծ͸Ϲˣ
ˡ
˵պ뵽ʲô̧ͷ죬ʦ֣ʦҽһ˵Ƕأ
ʲô棬ΪտеʦͷϹԶͬҲ쫷ҽ
ŵ
Сһȴǰڶһ
һƿûд֮ǰ첢֪װĵʲô
ǡ
ùƿ˿ζһ£ЩɵĽƿ򿪣ʱһƿӶȴ첻ɫ˲䣬æԪƿڷס
ʱԵطͻȴɫЩ΢˫˵մ̬֮


1497 ԵѪɫСӣ
ͷӾȻ֪Ҫ
Цһ£ԪطͻջѹЩ㯵ӣȴֲЦЦ
ʦ֣ҡôˣ
ЩԺĻ˻ԴֻúʧȥһЩһִȵӵȷ
Ӷͷϵһ£Цⶫ֪ѵʦû𣿡
ѽ
Ŷͷ쳯һֵۣʦ滵ʦ˵ˣⶫʦԼʶأֻҲҪ򿪶ʦҲʲôû˵Ŷ
Ե
طȴͻأĿڣڻеľ֮⡣
Ե
ͷһһС֣ЦŽе֪ԭԵأֲҸղŻԺģ
ǰҲ벻ͨͷӾȻ֪ҪĪڵ˽⣿
üͷӵȴԶ벻֮󣬱ҲǺܿĲȥ롣
ֻҪ֪ͷǾԲܺģѾ㹻
쫷֯У쫷ĪɽĪүү쵱Ȼͷӡ
һ㣬ӹɣ
ˡ
ʵСʦã֮ǰͷӡʦͶʦûʲô
Ŷ
մȵҧҧ֮ȴ۾һæ˶ˣҲأʦ˵ŶöʦСһ㣬񡭡ʲôΣհɣľûأ
һΣգ
һ£ЦʲôʱʦﾹȻҲ֮ˣǺǡ
㲻Ҫţģ
ʱŮ˽ƵԵ
ΪȻɫԵޱء
ǰҲһȷһѣҼΪΣգ˵
ڻԪ½ϵʦ켫ʥ߻켫֮żĽܵ˻켫洫ȻҲ̫࣬ټʱƵı֣˶ĻǼŲɣ
ƶ
Ҳü
Ҳ̫ģҵݽȻΣգȴŲĻңҲйЦ
磬ʱǧҪߣ
֮˵ƶݽǷģܹСһЩҲûģ
İɣҲµģ
ڼŮĹУЦЦ漴ֵˣյһߣǴ߰ɣҺͷҪ죡
ã
ĻŮҲ˵ǴŻһͬ뿪ˣСʦ֮ǰȴЩᡣ
ȻĿɲ죬ط硣
ط˰֣촽΢֪˵Щʲôʹûղһ죬͵͵ӦһŹԹԵĸŮ뿪쿴ֱ֣аȵЦݣ
Ц˰ɣ
طûĵԵҲرˣǲЩһ
Ȼ
ЦŵͷҸղžѾ֪ͨǣһ͵
Ȼ컰²ãȫˡ
Ԩԣľƣľ֣ʸʸ磬ܹλټطˣһڣǿиر뼸Եر޷֮𽥱񣬴ҵҲ֮¶һĨЦݡ
ԵãԻ˵ǣκⶼ֪޲޲
ûķԵ֮˸¾ˣҲʧȥһʱڵļ䣡
òϣԵ˾٣ǽǵһ⡣
˽յʱ䡭
ڼ䣬ŭҲ;֮ҵõر֪ϢһɫʮأѪµĺǰδеŨ
ϧرڱԻ֮ȴԼһк֪飬һҪɱɱӣǿĺЦѡ
ΪԷһʵһдҶû˵رҲôӲͦţƺʲôûʳһ

죡
պҡϣ˼ŸüʲôʽȥĥرʱطͻȴЯ˽
ǰ
΢ֱӣǻЦĵӣòңҪҵСʦ˽ɣɾԲУ㡭
ʦ֡
߷߲ѣû˵꣬ǰֱ˼£˵ٺ˵
ˣˣҲ˵ˣ
ЦѣȻ˵ˣеϷЦȴûոΪɬֻܽŶţһطǺĺʱܵγˮ
죬Цˣ׼ȥؼǱߣҲһ𣡡ط˵
ȥ
⻰ʱɫȻüȥʲô
Σʼնؼҵˣ
طɫؼֻʣҺͱ̣ҪԸѪµ£Ҳȥʰʰ¿ʼˣңһָоҪȥزܵõٵͻƣˣбӰľģ
ˣ֮ɫ
ţѪµӦöʱڲٶض֣һȥҲΣգطͷӦ
ðɣ
Ƭ̣˶ٺֵҪӦ
˵
һܺʱҪԼСʦõİȫΪ
ȻһҵȥѪ˵ֻҪڣ£
طԥӦһİĻûոжѡ
ڶҲҪģ
ָ˻ΣλȥǷгɣҪ
¡
⻰طһ£Ϊʲô
ʱˣ
ҡҡͷδͣԵܴӦôǲУǺúõɣڣһͻƣ
ҴӦ°ɣãҵʱԻطӦ
ʲôʱߣʵ
ڣ
ãǣ
ҲԽطͻͳأ˲뿪׼»ȥ
Ȼʱһ֮Ա߲ԶĴԶԶüͷ΢֮ʣʮ׷һͷͨѪɫСӳ߹
Ϊ֮ˣ
˷ΣЩ
ã
Ȼһ˲䣬ѪɫСӾֱӻһѪ⳯ȥٶȼ쾹ӦСѾ˵ĻУСͷġ
μϣ
˼æڰ֣üô£
Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷʵػص˵⸽ǲκħ޳ûģֻСӲ֪Ӻζٶȼ죬ڹⶺһ¾˽ץֹʲôʣ
ĺܺã
ḧС˳ѪɫëֵҲؽţΣգɣȻȥˣ
ǣϣ
˲ҶԣǹĿغżԼĻΡ
ȴûע⵽ת֮ʱĨ뵣ǡ


1498 Ѫ粵ȣ
ۡ磬ǴĶСӰÿɰ
챧ѪɫСӻصԺʱŮ˹һ漴ȴɻָСӵ˫ۣѰӲӦǺɫ۾ΪʲôǺɫ
ǰĺأ
ŮҲǴ˹Ϊȡ
ǲ˵һûע⣡
Ҳæ˿ѪɫСӵ˫۹Ǻɫģһ㣬ԵüΪ鶯
ҪǣŮ׼ֶŪʱСӾȻʮɵĶ˿ȥ컳ֱļϣƺܲȥ
СһٶȺܿأ
Ů첻ѣǵʵȻֻǰһСӱܵϣٶȱ֮ǶҪһЩ
ˣˣ
Цõİ˰֣⣬أòЩȥŰɣ
ŶҪСһȥأ
ѣŮŻȻһ㣬ƳһСӺ󣬱ǼҴҵ뿪ˡ
ȻСӺ֮ѡ񣬻Ǻܼᶨġ
һֻ۾ѪɫëСôԺСһȣ
Ů뿪ϵЦݺȻȥѪɫСӱǾֱĻص˷Уڷڲһ磬ŽСӷϣɫԵޱȻ
˿̵СӣȻû֮ǰԣſϣһڸһ
Ѫ粻ĳˣ
ۣȻ֪ѪɫСӵô£СӸո˵еʱоѪ粵Ϣ
⣬ҲֻԼܸܣ
֮ѪɫСӰٷְѪйأп϶ʲô飡
һʱ֮ҲЩãȻűóմͭһСӣǲ֪ȥ
һ˲䣬Сӵĺɫ˫кȻâһСӵζȻһѪ⣬⧲֮£ֱӿڣ첻һȴԺжһЩϢ
ǹѪ粵ģ׼ȷ˵ӦѪ粵ȣ
ɫ΢˳Ĭ״̬
Ϣ࣬ܽʵ㡭
һѪ粺֮ϵѪϷˣԭǱΪһĸ״
ڶѪ֮Ը죬ȥϣԼСġ
һ㣬Ѫ粽һѪϵĿġ
ȻѪϵĸĿĿ϶ΪѪܹư򣬶֮ѡԸ۷壬ȴΪ˸ư·ҲΪ˽۷Ĵбõ֣
Ѫ͸¶۷Ĵб֮صϵõԳΪϵ𣬴ӴԺΪֲڣ
֮˵ʵ۷ĵ伮жЩ򵥵ļأѪ˵ǰѪϵͼıȴǴӲ֪˷õϢ֮Ҳľ𺳡
Ѫ粡𡭡б
ۣԺ˸֣Ӱľģ
˵ѪΪ˳ɾ翵ҪõбĻǶȻŹطģ
ڣطͻѾȥؼأǵʵȻԸһЩѰ߲ʲô⣬Ѫ϶ϣ¾ʮ
뵽˴ɫøΪѿ
УһҪ÷ӺСʦǻ
һȴǺ̾Ѫ粣ȻѪϵŮѪǾԲŮ֮Źģ
Ȼһֱ֪ѪΪʲôҪңҲĿ£
ױںδָ֪ȥ
ɫ˼㣬ȴԽоֺѹǳݵأ·һ̱ʱһԵ֮սԲעĲ³
ְְ֣֡쿪ѽ
֪׹ȥã컹ڷ취ʱ򣬷ȴǱˣǴ
ʱŻعЦѵķԼڷѾʱ䣬һֱ緹ûԡ
ϽڵĽ糷Ҳ֮˿
ֱ˵컳У˫ֻסĲӣ۾Χȥʵְְ֣֣˵и۾ĺɫӣĶأĶأ˼Ҫ
ҲҪҲҪ
棬ȻѾռȥҲҺֻץĴ˲ҡΡ

ЦãѲ˵Ǽٵģӣ
û˵ŮҲ֮˽һ˫˫۾ͬź棬Ȼûôʳбֳɫȴ˵һˡ
ȱ˵ˣ
ֱǣС֣Ůʹһɫĵְ綼ûԷѵҪְֶ𣿡
أְֳԷȥСӶʱԵְֳԷ
Ҳ֮ͣ˵ʲôСһҲ̸ţȫͳСƵģһֱĿЦãȴһȫʲô˼ĵط
գ컹ʱСһȴӵ飬ҲΪһˣЩƣԵʣ˷֮ϴһ裬ǹԹԻط˯ȥˡ
ΪСһĴ㣬Ҳûж˵ʲôܵȥ˯
ҲòϣĳӱøΪ񣬵мִҹķ緶

ʲôҪȥѪ粣УҾԲͬ⣡
һɱ֣վɴ죬֣ͬ⡣
˵öԣҲͬ⣡ҲǼᶨ˵
ȶԣȴҪ΢ίһЩ
ֻŮ磬ʾ԰֮󣬱죬㿴ȥѪ粣㲻ǲ֪ʲôطߣ֪˵ص㣬϶ǷʮܣʵôܻǸѪϵĶ֣ʱ㲻Ѫ精ȲԼҲʮΣգ
ǡ
첻ûЩѪ粰ܶ࣬ǵ֪Ϣȥȣ컹
ȻѪ粵Ϣеȷ˵Ҫȥܲȥ
βȥĻضһħԺҲɼӰ졣
ԣȻŮȰ˵һҪȥģ
˳֮⣬Ů׷ױ̬֮ܶҲ֣ͬͬ⣡
Ҫȥ
ŮַըȴǻԵʵڣѪ粵鲻ֻһѾѪ³ƲĵˣҲȥѵ𣿡
ȻݣǶһۣȻֹȴû˵ʲô
ҡͬ磡
һֱûôڵĳȴǺȻ˵ˣ⻰һȴŮ׷ü
Ҳ̫ģ
Ů飬ЦЦȻεȷΣգ˭˵ûлģҶ򣬾ѪǿҲץס˰ɣһҪһ㣬ѪǸŮ˲ûһ֣


1499 ټĪүүѪµѪռ䣡
֣
Ѫ粵ĺ֣
˵ŮҲ֮㶣׷׳ȥ
Ǻǡ
˫ĿԼϣȴûκεĲʣ΢΢һЦٴԵѪѪ֮һȻҲ벻ʲôôεİǣҲ϶ԭ򣡶ңѪʱܳѪΪǵһԤϵ˻н죬Իûº֣
ˣһ飬񲻾ֻܵ𣿡
Ц˵ˣҲ˳˼ԼǲϵĻѪ粴ϢջҲĺֵʲô
ˣȥˣ
˦˦ͷͻأĳʵƶΪѪʵΣ

һע⵽΢ЩæЦЦʲôô֪
ô
췴һ䡣
Ƶı֣ȷкܶϵĵط·һ˿Ųơ
˵ܹһѪº˽ĻԸѡ˾ǳƣ
һһ㣬ʱѪϵķѪӰ֮ʱѪϺȻðĸ֣ԭ㣡
ȻĻû˵꣬Ҳ֤Ƶݿ²˽ô򵥡
ƶ㣬ǲ֪ЩʲôŮĿҲ˳ϣ鵱ʵ
Ĳ֪
˫һ̯Цѡ
ֻǣû˷֣ٶһһЩȻװʲô¶ûеӣȻʲô
ˣҲûжԳκλɵ˼
ǾųƲκεĶ⣬Ѫ֮ˣŴѵĻ֣ҪǣĻǾԲôǵĳƺΪ裬֪ƺŮûС
һֱΨгƲŻᱻ裬ŮǼһǰ׺ǡ衯Ѷ衯衯ӡ
գŮȻЩͬ⣬Ծɰסļ֣ԼƵͬվһҵѪ粱صĵطֻ̳Ǵһ˱ˣ
Ҫѳƴϣ
ȻҲȷȥɴвѰҲΨʵͳƲȥ˾ȥˣҲ𲻵ʲôãΪ˶ױ¶ԼΣԴӡ

ӵڶ쿪ʼ̫ϳϵݣ۷֮˰æѰѪµפڡ
Ȼû˻ܾæ
Ͼ޷ǰ;ĳɾͿҲܼ
ȻҪҵѪפصѶȺ֮󣿷۷ʵ֪ˣѾֶԸѪ֮Ű
ΪʲôҪȥѪµפأԭܼ򵥣
Ѫʮ֮˾ŻὫѪ粹Ѻ棬һΪ˾Եİȫ󽵵ǰȵĿԣȴҲѪϴһЩ˽ģϾѪҲĸŮٻЩġ
ȻҲֻĲ²⣬Ҳҿ϶ûĿԣ
Σ˾ѪһҪȵģ
ת۱չȥȻ۷徫ӢȴʼûһõϢСһУȴǲòӦǣŮһͬȥˣ
ڵ֮࣬Լҵеķʽɷ顭
һСһǿĵǰȥЦʼûͣ£Ҳæȥǣɲѡ
ϹһȻȴһŤͷϲ¥¥ȥ
¥򿪵ĴУһü뻨׵֣߳첻ɵÿЦһ£ŮѾܵǰСһǼˣԼǾֱ¥¥
ߵɲǣεĿԵ˵Īүүôоûİʲôʱ㶼֪ҪϵĻ߰أ
쫷󽫣ĪɽĪүӣ
˵Уô죿Īүۺ룬Ц
Ϊһ𣿡
췭һֱۣߵһԵ£Լһ衣
γȫͻȻ£ҲǾֵεˡ
ûлɹǣ
СӰ
ĪɽǺһЦǰ£ЦѵͲʣʲô
ʲô
ƲƲ죬үӣҲͱˣѪµפصĶֱ˵ɣ
ʲô¶Сӣ
ĻĪɽһЦ֮ɫȴǱüΪȻתʵСӣɲԸңѪפصʲôѲȥǹӢۣһ˰Ѫפظˣ
һû뵱Ӣۣ
һڽˮ꣬үӣҲˣҼȻ֪ǿ϶ҵԭ򣡡
Ϊ쫷󽫣ǲ˰ҵĻǱЩɣ
˵ĪɽȴǼΪû̧ͷһ£УСҲ򣬸ҵĵλ̫ϳϣԵɪˣүү԰ɣ
ĪүүڿҵЦأĶҰ
ˣȻСӲ˵ҲʣͷҲַǵ׷׵ˣ
Īɽ֣΢һٺȻһЩҲ㵽ҪʲôضСģûܹ㣡
ţ
⻰첻ɫһĪүү˵ĺأ
ֹذ
Īɽ̾һԵˣ˵Щ㲻ҪѪפʵɣѪµפزκһط
ĪڻԪ½΢æʵ
˵أԪ½ǵطѪפҪǶĻڻôƽ𣿡
ĪɽûĴӵۣѪפǺһһռ䣡ԼΪѪռ䣡
Ѫռ䡭
⻰ʱ۾УڸΪ֣ȴҲδڣĪɽӦǻл˵
Ȼ΢˶ٺ󣬱ĪɽԵѪռȷѪפأΣأԼ֮⣬û֪ʲôҪȥĻΣպܴ˵Ǿһ
ȻҲ֪㵽ҪʲôұҪһ㣬һȥҪٳ¾Ͳôˣ
Īɽ˵Ϊء
ȴȻɫȻȴ˿ûκ֮⣡
Īүү˵뵽ҲòȥҪȥ
㰡û취
Īɽ̾һ£˻֣ϱһ
һѪɫ壬ŵѪ⣬ԵüΪء
һЩ·ƾĳĹ
㽫ⶫպðɣ
Īɽ黺ԵҪȥǾȥǱߣδֻҪ㽫ԪУѪռ䣡Ŷˣͬʱȥ֮Զһˣ
֪ˣллĪүү
æѪɫպãڶĪɽмѡ
ǽû»֪ҪȶòϢõѪɫ塭


1500 ޷ֹļᶨټ
ܿĪɽүӸˣϾҪȥúõ׼׼
Ĳ
Ȼȴûע⵽뿪֮ǷкȻһɫӰڳĻȻ֣ᷢǸΪص̣ˡ
ˣ
˳֣Īɽ̹վ
ãлΣ𣿡˵ͷʵ
⡭
Īɽһͣȴǰ˰֣ؽţֱ˵ɣ
ǣ
ĪɽӦΣտ϶УһܴΪѾѪϳ׶˫Ǻ޲ýԷֻǣзг֣ȻԼĽΣգ
Ҳ밡ǲУ
⻰˲Цҡҡͷûĳ֮϶һۣǳ֣ȻΣգɶĽҲΪ飬ֻܰб֤浽ͷҲȥܣ
ˣһ仰֪òʣĪɽԥſڵ
ݣǸƶݣüһʵ
˻ۣ
ݣԼӦ²⣬Ҳ˵ƶ
ˣ˶˶٣ŻŮˣ
Ȼ쫷󽫵УĴӦзƹĴڰɣЦӯӯʵ
ƹ
Īɽһ͵ʲôȻ˫ͫһˣ˵ķƹǸ

ûĪɽ˵꣬˱ǽֱֹӳ˹ȥ
ǣˣ
Īɽɫһ䣬æͷϴǴµȴεľɫ
ˣȻ˵ĻΪʲôҪȥѪռأ
Īɽʵ˵ʵڵģΣգ˲Ҳǳѣһغأ¾򣬿һѪ϶ϣؽ밡
ֺԸ⿴һĻ
ߵǰ̧գ̾ȴһĨԹԵҲܾģҪʲôΣգҵ뿴ǵŲżߣ
ˣҲûˣȻȥˣǹͽڱչصУ
˵֮ԭʧûκβͺƹһ㡣
Īɽƺϰû˿þ档

һߣϲһʱ䣬ڰʱŻصء
óĪɽѪɫ壬ͬʱѪռҲ˳飬ѺͲԸȥðյ˶Ϊ
֪ǽͲóȥ棡
ûŽ棬Ǹһ޷رܵɡ
Ҫȥü΢
Ҳǿ죬ҪȻǱȥ˰ɣĺΣأ
ûпڣ¶˼ȴǺһ
飬Ѷǲ˵ˣ
һصԵҷȥɣΪεҴħǽΣȻȷΣգȴδûлᣡϾѧռУҲȫѪʵɣ
˵ˣǻƶһ𣿡
˵䣬һ۳ƣЦ֣Ҫ뿪ҲǾûģѪԳ֣Ҳסǣ

ĻŮҲǲ֪Ȱ˵ˡ
컹ڵڶʱ򣬱Ǻͳһͬ뿪ˣɽֱӳķ˲ƶȥ
˳֮⣬ûдκˣѩƻӡǽ죬ҲŮһӲҪ޷ܾ

ΪʵԵʣǴϵʱ֮ǰķ֮
磬ֱȥѪռ𣿡
ķΧƱǳʵ
ȥһԼҰɣ
һ£˵ǱҲȥһ£ңѪ崫֮ϢҲú˵һ
ðɣģ
һЦɵĸ࣬һͬԼضȥ
ɽԼصڣ
ͳ˲ʱ򣬷ɽе˶˲٣֮ԼǶʱ˵ٲȻѾһĻָ
Ȼ֮Լ۷ʱڻ磬λүӵԹ£ԼҵһжڳŸõķת䣡
ţֻҪе鷢ʱ㹻ĻԼվܹȫָģֻһʱ䳤̵ˡ
ܿ죬ԳͳӭԼأҲûʲô飬ǽڴб齲˳ɫ˲üΪѿ
ϣôˣ
ҲǰһæʵĪԼҵĴ֮ѾѪˣ
ǰ
Цһ£Ӧ֪ԼҵĴ֮ǳ׻龧ƱҶԼ֮ʱǴڽ׻龧ȡߣ֮ʱҲ˵ｻѪϣ

ɫúѿ
һʱ䣬֪˵źá
ǵõϢ̫һЩ
һϣ˵׻龧ԼҵĴ֮϶ӡʹûհɣ

ͷ漴۾һĵѪϾõ˳׻龧϶Ҳ޷գڶʱǾԲܵģ
ǸǷ֪ӡԱʵ
Ȼǲ֪ģ
׳˵˼ҡͷ
֪ĻѱΪֺѪϣЩӡϽ
ңʮֿ϶Ļͳƶʱһ
ǳ׻龧һֱѪУѪǿʵδѰҵʲôİ취һһĻҪûͼˡ
ιĪҵѪפؾ򣿡תʵ
ǣҲǣ
ǿЦЦǽѪռ齲˳Ҳüͷһ壬æȥ̫Σ˰ɣҪϹͷһˣ
ϣǲԸ⣬Ѫɫֻܴ˰ЦŽ˳˵
ôûİ취ȥ𣿡ʵ
٣ڻû취ͷӦ
ǡ
Σԥһ£˵ΪʲôҪȥǱߣҪʲôΣգǿɾ͵òʧˣ
Σտ϶У
̾棬ҲһΣǾʹȴ컹𣿡
㰡
ˣҲȰˣʲôҪ𣿾ֱ˵
ҪûУϣʵһСС󣡡챾ҡͷţ漴ȴǸĿ˵
Ŷ˵
£һҪܣԼң֮⣬Բܸˣ
˵Ϊ
ǵģ߻Ѫ֮ˣһӱ˼
ȻһҲΪԷһ
ͷѪ֮޿ײ룬ԼҲҪСģѪϳڶǳ׻龧û취ѱ߳ŭԼٴ֣


1501 Ǳ룬˪Ѫɽ
Ѫռ䣬ȴûѪɫ
ͳͨѪɫ屻ͽʱȴǱǰסˡ
ȥһƬı̺죬еĿʱʱظһֻֻɰСӲͬĲݴƽ鶯
ɣ
죬ԵţѪռ䣿
Ӧǰɣ
Ҳǵһ˵ΪŮ˵Ҳױ
ȫͬ
漴Цһ£Χƶ˵ڸĶߣ
˭֪أ
ʻƲƲ죬ص֪ĶҲҷſþȥⱻ˲ɴߣ
ãģ
ͷ漴˱㲻ٶԣѡһ㻺ȥ
һ·ϣС֮⣬ǲܵͳƶЩп
˵ѪռڵΣգһ·ķ羰ͼֱ̫ĳϣ³Ѫµ֮⣬û˻뵽ﾹ龰֮С
ȻҲδԼĿģĳƣȴʱʱ̶̿ڴܣһֹᱻѪ֮˷֣һȴҲͼѰҵѪڵĳֺۼ
ֻϧ˽ʱȴԾûκη֣һ˵ټûУʱʱԾһЩɰС֮⣬
ⲻƵĻһֻСӣһԳĶ䣬¾ӵķ֮ԵЩ죬òȷȷʵʵʮֿɰóƼֱ֡
ˣҲǿЦá
俴ų㳶һЩιӵӣԳȻĺгʹҲ޷ֹֻɳôȥСҲӰǵг̡
ţת۱ǰʱҹȥܵķ羰Ȼ˵һɲ䣬̲ݣµһУ첻üͷ΢΢塭
˵ǲδٶȣʱȥҲӦ˺Զһ̣ɳЩ̲֮⣬ûзκһ㲻Ծ֮
쿴һֲԾ
ƶ
üеȻûжԣȴŤͷĳƿɫأ΢һЩȴҲǺܿ˼
ܿ죬ƱǽеСӷڵϣԼ뿪û뵽Сƺ˳ƣһֱıĸߣʱʱظǲųƵСȣ쿴ĿЦã֪㲻̱أ
ϻûǵ
ԳЦЦصĿΧȻû˵ʲôƱǵԵûһֵ̣ģ
˵䣬ƵͷһǸСӣ˻У˲δ˵ָСӳĶ䣬ԵֿܣһѪռȷܴ󣬱ϾѪҲǴϹʱڴģҲȷֿܣ
ڶǾĳֻþ
ǵڶ㣬ڽʱѾ˷ˣһ
ˣû˵ȥͳƵɫҲԼͬĳ˲١
ᱻ֣
Ƭ̣ƼΪƶ˵磬룬ѪɫģᱻֵĻôǸĪүүǹǽΣգ˵ͨ
ôֻܼӿٶˣ
ף漴Ǽӿٶȣʱ˵ζʱһһСĽܻڲΣһȴҲǲϵѰš
֮ǰ˵ڵʵϣǿѪ֮ˡ
ڣн˴ǰʱȥǰĻȻһ䣬ֳһƬѪɫ죬վλһ㿴ĸĤΪƬȫͬƵģͳ˵϶¶һĨЦݡ
Ѫɫ죬ӦѪռıʣ
ߣ
ûԥǰȥ
Ȼǲ㿴ĤѪɫĿռ֮ʱȴ˲䣬æ磬ҹȥ
ԣŤͷȥñСӵĳƾǸǰһ㿴ĸĤ䵲סͬǰһ͸ĲһɳζʼնҲ޷һ
ô£
˻ȥץסƵ|ģ漴˾ȵһĻˣԭôҲȥĳƾɵĿеСӶûһ㱻谭ӡ
⡭
Щɻ󣬵漴ȴǻȻĵ֪ˣǿ壡
ԣԣôˣ
ҲͷɾʱǳƻеСӾǲϵصȳ鴤侹ֱˡ
⡭
ɫһ䣬Ҳ˲ס
ôģѵĻ
ۣɢ΢һȴɫΪѿƶȷﻷ£ѪɱŨ˵ôһСˣҲܵһӰ죡
š
ɫЩͷһСӣȥСУ󳤳³һĿ⳯ΧѪȻȥ
£Ѫռ䣡˵ҲɭһЩ
߰ɣǼǰߣ
̾һץųƵС֣㳯ǰȥ
ǿɰСӵ飬ƺƴȥһЩӰ죬Ѫ֮˵ɱࡣ
һΣΧĻܹ鲻֮ǰǰ㣬ûãѾ˲ٵѪ֮ЩÿһʵԪϣûпһġ
էһƽ˸ûʲô𣬴װЩһͳȻܶ˿ˣȴδ˴ϾѪռ䣬ЩѪ֮˿ܹĶԼˡ
ϾѪµȷ٣Ҳ໥ʶ
ԣͳƱӵ£ԽУʱ˳ɽ໥ƣɽ಻ϵһɽǰ
һ·ϵĻУҲʱʱ߹ЩѪ֮˵Ľ̸֪ɽ֣˪Ѫɽ
Ϊʲô֣첢֪ΣڵѾȷˣѪռ˪ѪɽѪ֮ĴӪ
ΪǶѪռľţ˪Ѫɽûֹκ˵Ľ룬ͳҲɵıУĸŲѪ֮ˣû˶˵κλɡ
˪Ѫɽ˴ʮӣȴһɽͨڴ
ܳɽ֣Ψɽܹͨ˪Ѫɽĸֻ֮ǰ˵ɽڴ߰˰أÿһʵԪʵʥصΪ֮һϣŲϽɽѪǣԵüΪƽһ˫۾ȴƺԿƵġ
ǰʮ֮࣬ÿһ˽ɽʱ򣬶ᳯΪ֮˹ĽһѪˡóѪɫ飬ǽɽĳ
ǱΪѪˣҲޱĵͷӹһڵõͷЩ˲ܽȥ


1502 ѪѪۣ
硭
ǰǼһ˿ӣƲ¶ۼ䣬ô죿ÿһ˵嶼Ҫ飡
˵
첻ɫ촽΢ųƸʮ˻ǰУĿȴɨΧ
ʵڲеĻҲֻܶˡ
ʱҪΧЩȫֹͨ籨š
ֻǣǸʥصѪЩԶԸϾ˼ҵʵʥ򣬳ֱͷųҪһ˲佫ǲܵ飡
һ֮Ĳ˭ұ֤ᱻԾɲ֪ںδѪϷ֣
Ѿʵ죬ҲΪĻѪϵĶ֣
һı¶²ȲѪ粣ͳƵľضʮΣգĻҲδ̫ĵòʧˡ
ͳƶԥôʱûһֵˡ
Ѫˣ
˳ǰѪ깰һ֮ǰȥЩһģһ

ѪɢӦһ֮ǰһҲâ
ôôǲģѪӹѪɫ壬ʵ
ǵģˣ
һʱֵ׼ȴֵʮֹ
Ŷˣһ
ѪͷֽѪɫ廹죬ʱѪƺſƵòɵֱӣʵСӣŮˣ
ǵģˣҺǲãһû
Ҫ׼˵ʲôѪȴǰ˰֣ˣƨʲôŮ˱˿ˣޣҹɣ
ˣⲻаǡ
⻰ʱɫ˲䣬ǻûκζװʮ־ֵӡ
ʲôУҸ㣬ȥǾ͸ʵ㣬ȻĻôʰ㣡
Ѫ۾һģ˿ʮҲ׷׳ŭĿӣĲ˸Ƿ׷¶˺Цɫ
˭֪ѪΪɫģСӾȻҴò绨ŮⲻͲ˵
ˣҡ
켱ˣû˵ʲôѪ͵شվŭСӣҪǰɣ˿ŮˣǸӣ˲һǲ֪Ѫôˣˣѹȥ˼Ų鿴
ǣˣ
ܿ죬˷ֱѹͳƣѪǰȥʱɽͷһ˵һСԺС
ӣԺӦѪסˡ
ƲɫĽһ˼ȷֻѪԪ֮ˣȸղǶ㡣
ʵڲеĻҲֻðһˡ
ˣǶ°ɣñԽ̽СӺС˶ôˣԺѪǰֵ
ǣ
Ԫ˽ѪƢæ˳ȥ
ۣʣѪôһˣøǴ˻
ټСԺΧһˣһɱʬĺõط
¼٣Ʒˣ
Ȼͳ׼Ѫ֮ʱղŻŵļһֱӳǹĹȥ

һĻͳƶʱ㲻⵽ô¡
ʶǣ
۾һʵ
ҲսȭͷȻѪڳٺƷˣ̬ȸǴ䣬ΪԷһҲʱֵ׼Ժڸһ硣
֪󽫴£󽫴֮Ǳڴˣõǿ壬Ҳ󽫴˴ȥģѪæ˵
ģüëһʱʣȴѾ˼֡
Ѫܹһ˵󽫴ˣôԵһҲӦֵŵġ

Ѫ깧Ӧ⣬󽫴֮ڴ˵ȺΪľǰٺƷܹ˳˪Ѫɽ
ˣɣ
̧̧֣ѪƾղʵˣβֱóѪɫ壿
֪ÿһ嶼ӦһˣҲǷŪһ飬ֱԭɱ¹ѺţΪľǱ֤һ̻촷ۣʹˣ
Ѫ깧صݣȻԶһ飬һ˲±صѱ¼һҲνһ˱ض󽫴˳ʱľİŸˮټ£
ˣû˼ղҲϷѣ
֣ĵ˵ҿߵλ㲻ɷ֪Ѫ粱Ѻδ⣬ȥǲǻͨҪʾ壿
ٵĻ˴ȥһɽҪ飬ٷģĿ֮ͬԼˣΪѪۣѾ˵ˣһԴٺƷͨ
Ѫ˵Ѫ粱ѺĵطҲԼ֪һЩĲֻǴӦǱѺһΪѪƶĵط
Ѫƶ
һ£ûʲôԺһŲԶĴͳƶʱɫһࡣ
ٲصģѪˣ
ѪЦЦʱ㴫һѪ꣬һﻹҿţŲŴүƷӣ
⻰׶໥Ϊ̬֮
صģºѪ߹ΪľǸݣ
Ѫ곯һ£ڳƽ糷߳ȥԺŴ򿪣ŭĵ־ҰҲĹͷ
ң
㿴ҸҲң
һ߳һڣڵ˲䣬Ѫ۱ǳͳƹȥ²μ٣μƷˣ
ѪǰɣɣȥѪ۲Цŵ֪ǵݣ»ΪǳųžҪأ
Ǻǣ˵ǣ
ѪͷЦҺѪΪݣһԺӶؽ˲֪ٴΣѪ£ͻû˲֪Һ֮ĶԹ
ַʽݣȷ˻ɣĪүү£ЦЦ޵
лٿ佱
ѪѪæǷԵˣ֪ǵʵ
٣Դӷ󽫴֮ڴǱ췢ģѪ²ҵȱһֱֱ֣ӳƺѪѪ۱ǣѪ깧Ӧ
ã
Ϊжĵͷ쫷֮ӵ£ȷ쫷֮ңĪүү֮ң
ˣĻҲ˵ˣ
֣ɫѪۣҪ·ˣҺƶǷ˳Ľ룬ȫϣллˣ
ѪԸΪٺƷ˸𣡡Ѫ۵
Ǿ߰ɣʱ䲻˰
ǣ
Ѫ۵ͷǴƳȥ֮ǰѪҲٴζ˺һ⽫ԺŪģ񾭹һսƵġ
ȻôҲΪ˲˵Ļɣ
ͳƣǳΪѪ۴սѪʤ֮ġʤƷһҲ˸Ҷʲô


1503 Ѫƶ
Ѫ۵Ĵ·ͳҲûκεĻɣʮ˳ͨѪۿصɽȣǽ˪ѪɽҲȥѪµĸء
˪ѪɽһƬռ䣬ѪȵϢŨ˲٣ͳʮֲӦ
˱任ѪۣҲǿЦһ£٣Ʒˣ˵ʵڵģҺѪǼһһֱӦֻԳܣÿǶķĽЩǵĴҲʱЩʣ
ˣ
ЩпڶѪѪЩǱ֮ˣҲ˼־塣
־޹غʵ
һЩҲֵãֻҪܹ󽫴˽񣬱˵ˣҪ˵Ҳϧ
ѪۼᶨĻһ䣬ֵ٣ƷˣĹأǲٰǽȥˣһжҪԼˣ
õģͷ
Ҳ̫ģ
Ѫ۽ֵʲôҪһ㲻ݣ
õģ
ٴεͷɶ˶ٺȴʵѪ۰֮ǰѪ˵Ѫ粼пǱѺһѪƶĵط֪£
֪
ѪۺĵͷصʵҺѪǸѪڵһж̬Ȼ󽫴˻㱨
ǰգ󽫴˺ȻҪǲѪ粵ĹѺ֮ԼѺòߵݣǴ̽һЩ
Ѫۻ˵Ѫ粵ȷǱѪƶȥȵĻҲʮΣգ
Ŷ
üëһȴδ˵ʲôѪ۽Ļ
ȻἰѪƶֵѪۣɫҲǱʮֵء
һѪƶѪռڵ֮һλڶϷѪϳͷͽڣȻ²δȥ棬Ҳ˽һЩ
ѪƶձѪ֣Ѫ֮ͬһ㣬ÿʱÿ̶˵ڣĥ˵ľ꣬ʱһܻΪѪܣ
ûеõѪר֮ǰȥľһ˵ʮ
ˣѪٴһصĵ٣ƷˣλһȰòҪȥѪ粱ѪϵĸŮȻҲ֪ʲôѪ£ĲֵλΪյأ
Ѫƶ϶֪ĶΣأ
Ѫ˵ͳƵɫ΢˱䣬ȴûκ֮⡣
ֻ֣ˣзִ磡ӦΪ˽⣬һݴµĵͼΣ
׼ˣ
Ѫۺܿбһ壬ݵǰͬʱԵ˽ĵصҶ˱עѪƶҲУ
л
ӹ壬뾫һжӡԺ佻ƣҲͬĶɺŽ»Ѫۡ
Ѫۣȥɣ
ЩԵסܷʲôѪ궼ҪǱˣҲҪȥĪүүİҲʹʧܣ֪𣿡
⡭ǣף
ѪЩԥջӦ
ͳƹֺѪ۱Ҫת뿪

ĽסжװеҩƿݹȥЩҩѪ궼õţȥúպã
л٣
ѪҲǱߵȷҪҩĲŬһҲᱻѪɫϢȾ
лˣȥɣúõıأǳȥ֮ȥǺȾƣ
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Ѫ۲ٶԣպõҩǴ̤뿪ͳΪп̾һ漴Яֳǰȥ
ȻǵĿĵأȻҲȷ˾Ѫƶ
ȻѪ۸ղŵȷ˵˺ܶѪƶΣڣȴܾʹȥ˴Ѫռ֮У޹ˣѪȣѪϵĸŮҲȻ޷ס

һЩɽСȻ˲Ѫ֮ˣиʥ򣬵ȴһǰѯʣҲͳƱܿ˲ٵΣգҲԽԽӽѪƶ
ѪƶԽԽҲԽоܿռѹɫҲԽȻ˲١
磡
Ȼ䣬ƳѪϢ˵иѪʮӦǸѪƶģ԰ɣ
ţôˣͷʵ
Ѫʮʮ˸ÿһʥϣˣ˲ȫ֣ܲ˵ģ˵
Ҳʵû취üӦ
ҼǵøղѪ˵ǸѪϵʲôͿԽȥѪƶڻܵӰ졭ǲǿԴⷽԣ̽Ե˵

⻰첻Цһ£ƶ̫ˣ
Һ㶼ѪϵķѪӰôõʲ
ҪǹȥĻµһʱᱻݣʱ񲻻Σգ
ЦѣȴһĨЦ⣬õǸҪôлң
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Ǵ˿̵طԣ춼޲ûǣúֻСζˡ
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ǿͷĻѹȥ
ߣ
ƲƲ죬˲佫ϹɢȻɫԵõ˭˵Ҫȥģ
ʲô˼ܲ⡣
ٺ١ţȥȥ
ƲδӽͣºתҪһȥ
ȵȣ
״켱æֽסɫĵƶˣʲôطôȥ𣿡
磬𣿡ŤͷȻ
Ȼ㰡ԥĵͷ
ţʱҾͻ˵
ɡ
컹˵ʲôȴżú촽ס촽һʽʪǺŽ촽ƿİɣҵİ취
ðɣһҪСģ
İɣ
ƽһЦĺһǰ뿪ˣչʵ죬ȻʧߵС
Цãǵǡ
Ϊ˲˵Ĺע⣬ѡһ΢ƫƧĵطȺֻöһʮӵʱֱ൱֮ãջǰȫˣйǶѪƵĶ
Ҷӵ״綼ɼֻѰҶ˵ȴȫֳһƬѪɫ˿˿ŹֵϢơ
ڻˣ
ӹƵѪɫҶӣȴûһֱۣӽ˶§뻳УǺµ˵

һЦǺεĹ밮⣬¶Խ˵Цݡ
ӵһ磬ѪϵֻҪѪƶʲô⣡
̫ˣ
ϲȻĵ׺ܲôܹõųƲ͵ӣҲͲδʡ
Ǿ仰ֻҪ㹻


1504 ѪʮѪƶ㣡
߰ɣ
漴ͳƱЯֳѪƶȥ
Ѫƶλһͱ֮£Ѫɫɽ£ټܿտĵشͳ˵ӰԵ쳣û֮ǰЩľ߲ݴԵڡ
ҪǣɼѪɫâ·һȥԩڲϷ裬ټѪƶڣ·һͷ˶ɵħޣһּǿĻѹ
ƾǿߣЩѹ˵Ҳ첻ʲôӰ죬ʶ˵ɫԵʮƽŲû˿ͣ١
˵аѪʮ𣿡
Ѫƶڴ컷Χȴûзκ˵ټ
ɵΪ˼һһվſڣ
Ĵʱûӳһۡ
ھֱӽȥ
ʵڲķ棬һ򶼲᲻װҲһŵɡ
ţ
ף죬ǽѪɫҶ˳첻ɫʹһɫ
ᣬ˱ǣŵ⣬ѪɫҶҲ֣֮ǱǻѪƶȥ
̤֮ʱԵĸоƴһ㿴ĸĤ
Ҳ΢΢һЦƺܵͷĲ죬ҲԽ˽˽һ񣬼ǰȥ
ѪƶܵǽڶǳֳһƬѪɫԽЩ͵Ŀ˸оһѹ쾪ȵ鷢ˣǸеѪɫҶɢѪ⣬ǽܵѹȫȥʹͳƼǰеĲûܵκӰ졭
ûѪɫҶӣǵʵ˵粽УĻУҲȷܵһЩӰ죡
ͨ˴ʮӣǾǰʱ˲٣˴˿ѾһʯС
ʯֻаƽס
ʱ֮ͨ⣬ǰһͨȴǲ֪ͨδ
ѪƶӦһѨĻŶԣǰЩȴȫƷ֮ǰ룬Ҳǲ΢Խо˴ҪѪ精ȳһ򵥵顭
ƿһΧһͬǶǸͨȥߵͨſڵʱܿռȻǿͳƲɵöͣ
ৡ
ţδиֳɫװɫ磬ҪÿһΪѪɫߡ
˫һУ˾ʥأ
ŵ
ڳƵʾ£ֻ˻еѪɫҶӣĿ˸˼£ȴվԭأͨڲδ뿪
ʲôЩ⣬Īǿǵݣ
룡
ЦЦеѪɫҶ˹쿴ɫƽЩɻ״̬£漴ƬѪɫҶ˸ŵѪ⣬й֮ƵģƮǰͨڴ
ΪһĻˡ
ƬѪɫҶӷ·һĸĤϣڵѪУͨȻѪһţƺޱ仯һȴԵĸоֿռ֮ơ
ৡ
漴ƬѪɫҶ·ɻص˳С
΢΢һЦһƬУҲ˵ʲô㳯ͨȥղŻǵˣȴ漴ʧͬδֹһԵޱȹ졣
ˣʱȫˣ
ͨ󣬷һطע⵽˵ʧ֮ʣȴ΢һ
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ĵڶ͵㣬Ҳʮˣÿһֻǣڶʵʥأʥأ
û´ĻҪȳѪ精ǱڵУ
ƻ˵΢ȴһֲ
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ЩԹ񣬳ƲһЦֱ磡֪ʲôԺ׵Ŷ
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Цһ£ڶԳƵľΣҲͲٶˡ
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ƺȻڣٶȼ죬첻Щ㵣ûֱ̧ڳƵһ£˵ʲôأ
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ҧűĵطһԹģһ˫Ʒ㾧ӨƵģֱһܾίСϱģ
Ȼûڿ˵ʲôֱȴ˵һˡ
ֱЦá

Ϊ֮ʱȴǺЦ˫ֻסĸ첲żһڣЦ˼Һ㿪Ц
Ц
ֻͷߣɿŽһգлҲ
ֻܺҡҡͷݺݡĳ˶һۣóЦĸǿˡ
Щŵգ˶˲١
˼ǰУѪƶڶͨƵĴŹȥ˶ʮӣ˵ڡ
պ֮ǰһķʽʥʵ֮Ѫļ£˳Ľ뵽Ѫƶһ㣡
Ѫƶ㣬֮ǰԵĲͬ
˵֮ǰ󲿷ʱ䶼ǺЩͨĻôĵ㣬ͳƸոսʱ򣬱Ѿصһ㣬˱еĵصɭ֮⣬ҪǿƯһѪɫâ
ÿһâͬһԩһȥǧ֮࡭
ΪѪɫҶӵԵʣЩѪɫâҿǣˣȴ˶ëȻ֮У
֮⣬ͨ˴һ֪ͨηͨһ㾹ʮ֮ࡣ
ʮδ֪ͨɫʱһЩ
β֪Ѫ粱Ѻ׼ȷص㣿ܲһҰɣ
ЦѣʵֻУȴҲ
Ŷ
Ҳҧź촽ס
Ҳ˵Ѱ̫˷ʱ䣬һҪʲôΣգǲ͸ӵòʧ
˵Ǻ¶ôȥ̫鷳ˣ
Ȼ벻취ĻҲֻһһͨȥԣܾܲʹ˷ɣ
Ȼʾ֭취ʱ򣬳ȴǺ۾һЦ磬ҼǵѩСһһİɣ


1505 ѩƷѪ粲״
ѩƣ˰
˳ƵĻ첻һ£ͷӦ
ǿųɣа취ٶȰѪҵ˵
Ŷã
Ȼ׳Ƶ˼컹ǵͷܿұϱǰ׹ʢգۼѩĳﹷСģǳǰ
ء
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СһϹҵɿǸûҷ
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ء
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ء
˳ƵĻѩǳһۣȴ˼ƺڳѯʲôҪǣͨ໥ϵʱѩ˼죬ʱȫһͷˮ
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ˣ˵ЩЩģ
ûһѩƣһָָĽҸ㣬СһҪǸҲӦôʰ㣡֪ҵֶεģߣʱûܾȵ㣬Ų
ء
Щѩƶʱĳȥ˫ǿ⡣
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ء
ѩջ˳ƵĴ֮£ԹԵĵ˵ѩ׵Դ
ѩǼеĴǸҵļСܣڳǰ͸κη˼
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磬㿴Űɣ֤ܿ죡һЦȴĲٶԡ
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һ£Լۻˣǿ˳վԭ֮ʮѩơ
Сһ
ȴżش𣬶ЩήҵѩƱųЦĵ磬ѩƵķ֮ÿһѩһɵʵȻ̫ǿ̽·ȴΪ
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⻰ʱȵĲ֪˵ʲôá
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ĿУϵԽԽ࣬·ֲʵĸоǶΣ춼ỳɳƵĿˡ
ʵ֪ΪΣ飬ѣԼŮУѡһŵˣĵ׵Ļѡơ
ȻҲ˵Ůָоȴƫƫڣ
ʱע⵽еɻ󣬳ȴԾûж˵һḧŻеѩƣһ߻ΧüҪſѯʣЩѾɤ۶⣬ȴֱǿ˻ȥ
ৡ
ʱȴŵһİ׹صѩڣûʲôĻᣬǵڶķ̼ٹһֱȵʮѩĳ˽˼
һΣ컹ǳƣ˲ѩƵ˼
߸ͨѪ粱Ѻ׼ȷط
ѩƣȻȥϢһ£
һڳƻеѩƱǻһ׹ûұϵǸӡУǣųƵС֣ǵڵ߸ͨԥȥ
ͨѩƵͨ沢ûʲôΣգˣȴҲСģһ潫ɢȥΧֵܳΣһҲڲѰѪڵλã˿ûκεи
֮ǰͨȴԵֱ˲١
ɲϷƵѪɫâ֮⣬ͳƲδκΣգʮ˳ͨľͷ
˴ȴһʯĴڡ
֮ǰĶС˲٣ҪȴһʵʵڵļΡ
ʯǽϣѪ˫˫ְϿûκ˺ۣʵȴһѪɫâϵӿڣѪɫ԰ִֽ̹ǰʹΪܡ
ʱѪ粣էһѾ˴
ЩѪɫâʹ࣬޷ȥʱ̶ѵ״̬Щʹĥ
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Ѫ粵ĵһۣҲǲЩʹ
죬㣡
Ѫ粴µͷ̧ڶʱһϲ漴ȴǱżȡæʲôߣ߰Σգߣ
Ѫ粣רģ
ҡҡͷᶨĵһֱ㵱ѿߣڲ֮𣿡
˵䣬ǺͳһͬѪǱȥѪڳܵʹ࣬ڼΪ̡
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Ѫ粣Ҳ˽⣡ǲȳȥôߣ˵ˣĵŰɣҲ֮˵
Ҫ
Ѫҡͷȴ޷ֹ˼ᶨĲ
˵ˣһߵģǴһ𣡡
˵²˿δͣ
ܿǱѪǰվǰȫһƵѪ粣üͷΪ塣
ĿЩӹһǽǧý˳ԥĳЩնȥ
ǲһȴǶҲδоһɾ޴ķ֮Ϯʵ򵥵Ƿ֮¾ˡ
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ɫһ䣬Ǿȡ
Ǵ򲻿ģܴ򿪵ģ
ѪҡԴ˵꺮죬ƵԿףܴ򿪣
ʵѪ粻һû˵
֮꺮֮⣬ִ̹ǵĺ䣬Ѫ粱񣬾һֱʼձѵ״̬ȥЩѪɫâĥʹ࡭
ѪԼ͵Ļ綼Ѿĥˣ
꺮
ͳƲһһۺ󣬷׷׿˶Էеء
ˣĻùˣ


1506 ڶѪʮ
꺮ǿɲһĶϹʱڶΪѵһ
ӦƱļѲϣȴǱŪסѪ粣֪ѪжൣѪ粻ᱻ˾ߡ
˵ˣ¾ص̣ͷϹԶԼĪүүԹܹĿҲԲᳬһɡ
ȻҲԼ̲˽Եʡ
Ǹˣ꺮㲻ʲô
ϧ֮⣬ûˣ
ǻ߰ɣ
Ѫ˵һʱΣյģ
ȻҲ֪ǵôģûǿ뿪һ常ˣ룡
Ѫ粼Ϊǣ˵
죡
üͷһ壬ǳѪһ䡣
ţжһŵҩֱιѪͨԪָʱڱѪǲ԰ֽɫ΢ÿһЩ
죬ƣǿ߰ҪˣָһЩѪ粵ľ˺ܶ࣬ҲŴһЩ
죡
ٴκһ˳˼
Ժиͷתȴֱһһ񶨡
ԵĳҲûжԣüţǵǡ
û취ģǲܴģ
ѪҡͷȴǺŤͷȥԥһºջʵƶа취õƵԿ𣿡
쿴ƼȻа취õƬѪɫҶӵҲδû취õ⿪Կס
գʧˡ
ҡҡͷ̾Ҳ㣬û취ˣ
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۾һδѪ粣ƼƶһעΧа취ˣ
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ܹʹнѳȥôܲԸأһֱͳƸϽߣҲΪǵİΣĶѣ
ܲΪ˾ԼԼһΣվذɣ
˵а취ҲǼѪ粶Ŀ
ûˣôʹĥãܡ
ƶҿʼˣ
һΧһ磬˫ӡڼӿΪǿ治ϵᡭ
Ϊ˷ֹΪӿ˵ע⣬첻òȡСġ
ǲ磬Ҳһĸá
ĶƺѪ粶ûг˵УŨŨİ⡣
Ѿµİ취΢΢һЦ
ڶ֣
ȻڽƬ̼䣬һȣڶѸٵֶ
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ѪһҲǺܿķֱ˳
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ˣʲô磬úڶ꺮иʴգ
Ա˵漴ĵͷ£ȴæ̫ʱˣ꺮ʵأҲҪһʱ䰡
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ӿڵΣһҪѪ精ȳȥ
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һֻҪʱ΢һ㣬Ǹʴ֮Ҳ᲻Ӷ̾ȳѪ粵ʱ䣡
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˭ָұ֤ڲʲôʣ
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ʵľļʱָѾֲȥˡ
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ڣڹȥ˲ʱǿɽһߵɵһ룬֮Ѫ粵ѾԻԾѡ
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ۣźڶ
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Ѫܹؼġ
ãˣ
Ȼ׼ƺڶʱ򣬳ƵȻ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ʮ˵Ӱڴͬʱ
ѪµİѪʮ
ʮһ֣ǲɷ˵ֱӶֳֳ֣ͳƷֱϮȥ
ʥأʥأʥء
ʮ˷ֳɾһӣͬһչҪͳֱɱƣ
磬ǽˣ
ȻкȻıȡ
ԪУգۼǱ˲٣һεȶУһɫ˿߳ǰѪʮƶȥʮ˲òܡ
˾٣ȴðѪʮԼͬѡ˳ƣ쾹Ǳʱ
ƶԼģ
ۣջѡȽѪ粡
ϾƵʵǿأǰѪʮȻǿ컹ѡųƾԻӮ
Ҫǣֱûƣټ֮ǰǿѪϷѪӰľٶмӡ


1507 ǿɱѪϣ
ң
ƽǰѪʮעȫȥ뿪ѪǱԶһЩΪľǲߵĴӰ쵽ǣ
УɢΪõĹâ԰׹ǳβӭǣת˲ƻһϸȴ͵ıӣڳƵ²ϳʮ˼ٱ׶ȥûиκȥѪ粵ʱ䡭
һͷѩ׵ĳڴʱ趯Ⱦͬʳ˼̻ŮһɱϾɣ
Ļ϶۾衭
ǰѪʮİΧУȴ˿κ·磬еǱȣͨڳƵľУһ֮ӣǰѪʮ޷Ĺг
ڳصʵ²δͷų춼֪򣬿ҪӰѪʮĹƣȴҲʲô£ڵĳȻֲãȻʮ˵ʵΪףԾǱռ˾ԵϷ硭
һߣҲǼרĵĿźڶΪѪ粽Ǳס
Ѫ粵ɫԵüΪӣǸΪԼϰæ죬з⡣
أ
ʱһ޴ĺ춸ȻһɶȴδκͣЪΪ˿ƺڶ˺Ѫ粣ڿ˵Ǹʲôľٶ
Ѫɲǣ̧׳Ǳȥ
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ʱѪ粺ȻˣҪ㻹ȥһ³ưɣѪʮ常ƳģҪʱϵóˣ»常
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ʱǲԶսȻ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȡ
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ţڳƵһУ϶ȻһâֻգۼĹ򣬱ưôһ㣬ǰѪʮ޷
עǣÿһâоȻ̺֮ν޼᲻ݣ
ݡ
âƿռ䣬ת˲ǰѪʮ϶ѪƲҪǮƵƴѪѪƶĿռи˼ŨѪȡ
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ȻǰѪʮȻһҡҡλΣȴδµӣжȻâһٵӡȶȻٴα任ǲʱУûʮ˱ʳ޼᲻ݵĽâڳƵһУǳҡҡ׹ȴʼղµİѪʮϮȥ


1508 ǿɱѪ£
Ƶγ֣ȴѪ͵˫ۣʮ˱ʳһţƵĿҲֳ֮һĨעļ
첢δע⵽Ѫ粵仯ֻǲɵ̾һȣر⡯Ȼı仯ǧ
뵽ԼǧýȻҲԱ仯ǧȴδôʹá
ƵȵĹƣȻУʱﲿλǧýҲ·оľı仯֮˼£ƺ˼һױȵԡ
ৡ
ʮ˱ʳļϮǰѪʮ޷ǸԵӱֱӶʮĿǸڵμֱҵ˼㣡
ȻˣкüѪ¶棬ⰵѪʮȻûһ˵£һ϶û¶һ˿һʹ࡭

һĻǳɫ˲䣬춼һ
ѪҲڴ˿æƣСģЩѪûʹУѪĴ̼¸Դ󷢣
ȻѪո֮ʱѪʮʮ˫۾ѪâȴԽʢ˷Ѫɫ֮⣬Ҳ
һͲˣ
һСһӵɲǣʮ˱ʳڿлһȣʮ˵ٴϮһθǴȥһѪں󣬱ǿٵĻص˳ǰֳǱȵıĿ
ǰѪʮԽѪȷ񣬺˼ɸƣƼϮȥ֮ʣƾȻǱ˫ۣΪɢİɫâԼЩʻҲȥ
˿̵ĳƣѾ˴ڵһ㡣
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棬ǰѪʮĹȻ١
ৡ
һɲǣȻһɲǱкƱռݣ˲תһ޴ͷ֮ӿƵУʱޱȿֲѹԳΪĳǱƽİѪʮֶȥ

һȣ˲ɢգ۱ǰѪʮÿһ˵ΧǰĶ˲һͣǿ֮ĳͽɱУʮ˸ӿʼٲʲôһڱ֫Ƶģÿӵĸλʼϵ׹䡭
Ѫһء
УŨѪȴܱڵѪâӷ񣬿ϧȴ޷׷Χ˵ȥʲô˺ˡ
ŴŴš
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ˣѪʮȫɱȴ˿
һĻ첻ۣղųƵĹֶΣ¾Ҳ޷Ȼ¡
ڶڳƵԽֻǳƺû˵˼ҲȥʣֻҪ֪ǾԲẦıȻ㹻
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磬㻹жãƲδֱͣʵ
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ڣڹȥ˴ŶʮӺѪϵǴɽڽӿڴϵ
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Ѫ粴ʱ˫˫ȻԾ꺮ɵ΢Ųᷢ죬վǿɻҲ¶˼ΪЦݡ
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ҲѪɫ˳Ѫ粶ʱ۾һܼ򵥰ֻҪȥ棬עбֱ˲뿪ȻҲҪ常ʹûǰ£
أ
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ҪǺһȥɣ
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ûѪ粻ش𣬳Ʊ֮ԵڻҪʲôѵʲô뿪ҪѪ粣Ⱥһͬ뿪Ȼһòˣ
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˳ƵĻҲͷ
ȻѪȴҡҡͷǲģǶҪǲһĻǾԲ뿪ģ
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òУסתѪԵھʹȥö
ԣѪ粺ԥĵͷ

Ħ°ͣǺãһõǱ뿪
У
ȻѪȴҡͷǲȥѪɫԼֻҪҲᱻ̷ֵģ
ǡðɣ
ʼ磬Ǿȥ㣬õ̺ǻϣ
ţ߰ɣ
Ѫ粵ͷСĸȱͳȥ
û˰Ѫʮػһ˴Ѫƶ뿪ʮ˳ûκѪ֮ˣһֱѪƶ⣬ѪͳƴһкŶһ뿪


1509 ľ죡
Ѫ뿪ͳƶһۣȴǿ˸еء
εǣ֪ǶжҪѪðž޴ķҲҪһ뿪
صȻһѪ粱֣ôǴ˴Ѫռ֮вҪʧܣпԼҲޱȵѣΣ
ˣǻ뿪ɣ
Цҡҡͷ漴ǣųƵ|ĳȥ
һ·ȻҲ˲Ѫ֮ˣȴûһ˶ǵɣϾɲ棬һǾԲ˽ġ
˳»صѪ֮ǰǸԺ䣬ûоκ˵£ѪҲǼæ˽ͬʱѪ֮˺ˣֹͳƵݱ¶
٣Ʒˣôͻˣ̫ˣһһֱأˣѪ˵Ļʮϣʱ˰ȫԵһ
ǺǣлĹˣ
ЦЦӹѪ굹Ĳˮһڣֵһ·ȷ˳ҲҪѪλİæ
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ѪǷǷ漴ȴԥŵˡðһ䣬ǲҪȥѪôû
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ţٷģ԰ȫ
Ѫԥĵͷ
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Ҳ˵Ѫ֮УѪ֮⣬ҲֻѪٻ֪һЩŶˣѪҲֻʣһѪ粣ƺѪӦԼˣѪ
ŶҲֻʰˣ
ЦЦѪ⣬ûһ㡣
ѪˣҲûκβ˼
ϾҲֻǺѣȷûбҪô࣬Ѫ粵֪ԽԽá
٣Ʒˣλڴ˴Ϣȥ׼һЩԵģѪ˵
õģ鷳ˣ
ҲѪǳǷǷ֮뿪
ԵĶܿ㱻ѪԶΪģҲûж˵ʲôӳѪǣϾܲ뿪ʱ̫ҪһЩҪĻɣǾͲˡ
ˡ
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ŹȥʮңȻдĹĵͳƶʱɫ˲䡭
ĵ㣬쳹Ѫռһκ˶ʮ
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ģʲô˼ܲ⣬Ҳһɻ
ѪռʲôʣѪµİʹ죬Ϊ죬죬Լʮ֣
ղľ죬˵ش鷢Ӽκ˲ý
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УһҪ뿪Ȼ˿¾߲ˣ
Ѫɫޱѿߴ١
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Уǲߣ
ҡҡͷѪ粻ûأһҪˣѪǻٴħУһץĻ֮⣬ضκοˡ
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˰֣ڸϽȥһµΪʲôľ죬˵Ƕˣ
⡭ðɣ٣ƷˣλǧҪ뿪
ѪΣֻһ󣬱ǿ첽뿪ˡ
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δŹ˼ӣѪֻˣ٣ѾȷˣȷѪƶǱģǾҲ߲ˣ
ţüëһ
Ѫʹ߶ֽѪռȫκ˲ýóѪɫ忴֪
ԣҲæѪɫ˳
ȻԭѪɫâƵ壬ʱȴȻ޹⣬Ԫ޷Ӧ
һĻͳƲЦŶһۣ
죬ƣ
Ϊ֮ʱԺͻȻѪ粵
Ѫ粣
쾫һѪҲ漴ȥԺŴ򿪣һİһվſڡ
ʲôˣѪȻȵ
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ΪǱѪµеԵףֹؼʱѪľҲǾԲٵġ
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ѪҡҡͷǺòײųɹģһ⿪鷳ң㲻ڶ̣ÿ𣿡
ðɣ˵öԣ
Цʼ磬ʱѪŵ٣Ѫ粣
Ѫꡭû뵽常㣬㾹Ȼˣ
ûشѪ粱ŤͷѪȥ
ֵеһѪ֮ˣͨѪ˵ģеڶǶ֮ôζѪڲвѪѪ۾ˡ
㡭
Ѫɫһ䣬ǽ
Ϊ˱֤Լݲй¶¶ԷѪ粣ҲҪƴһ
ˣˣ
üһ֣Ѫ꣬ҲؽţȷѪ粣ⲢĿģǾԲȥܵģ
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ȻڶԣȴԾǱʮֵľ裬иȴǶҲ벻쾹ȻѪ粱Ѫϡ
£ߵ˲ֹѪһɣѪЦŵ
ˣҲЩ֪Ҳ˵ģ
ڰ֣ղľ죬Ҳ˰ɣѪ˵ˣѪռ䱻ȫգǲҲ벻ˣ
ǣ
Ѫף漴ȴֵҪ뿪ĻȴҲȫû취
Ŷ
⻰ͳ۾һѪҲѪ粣Щš
ע⵽ѪеĻɣѪƲƲ죬ôεңȻѪ꣬ĵλǲҸߣ
㡭ߣ
Ѫһȴδԡ
ˣѪ粣㵽ʲô취˵ɣȻʱһǾ߲ˣЩ޿κεĵ
ƲһѪ粱Ļ˵ʮƯˣɱڵѪȴݳһӣĶû˿ۣǻӡ
֪常ʲô𣿡
ѪתʵģмأŪڳ˼Ϊ
ֻ֪϶Ȼͱ¶ˣƽӿڵ
Ҷ˵ǺҪ飡
ѪһЦΪЦУȴǼԵû´ĻͼǿԼҵĳ׻龧


1510 Ѫ粵뷨ʹ
׻龧
Ѫ粵Ļʱۣ۷Ĵбﶼյĸӡܹɹ𣿡
ָȻѪˣ
֪
ѪҡҡͷԵȻҲ֪常û֪ô򵥣׻龧ȴҲζԶУ
㵽˵ʲô
üͷһ壬ղǻȥȡô֪Ѫڳ׻龧Īǣ
Ҳܸ㣡
Ѫٴҡͷ죬ҵĻʱȲæ뿪Σ
뿪
⻰죬ԼѪ˾ɫ˲䡣
ǰѪʮ˳УѪԼҲѪƶб˳ټϸղŵľ죬ǲ취뿪Ѫռ䣬һˣǽʲôĺ
һ㣬붼֪
ͳʵѪǴϹʱڴģܹ֮ȥģ
ңȻѪ½ֲٴΣɶȴҲ˽⡣
֮ǰѪƶİѪʮԼղѪ˵ĵǰʹߵȵȡ
ѪС㣬㵽׼ʲôü΢ĳʵ
٣ڲ뿪Ѳ㻹żΣ𣿡
ڳƵĵѯʣѪͲôˡ
û쫷ĪɽĪүӵķԸƴѪеˣҲһҪ֤ͳƵľ԰ȫ
Ѫ꣬ұ죡
ѪĻѪʱȥȵҪ뺦ͳƣڵȵţ죬Ѫ粻Ầ𣿡
㡭
˷ѾѪȻǰôװģѪ粵ĳУ۾һģǴҪ֮⡣
ˣ
һѪʱԹԱ죬Ѫʱ죬ƣҺܸлңǲҵĻҲ뿪ģѪռ䱻ˣҲа취
˵˵㵽Ҫʲô첻ɫʵ
û´ĻʵӦôԼ֮˵Ŀ֪׻龧Ϣ˷ǰߣҪΪ˾ңҲһЩΪǳ׻龧Եʣ԰ɣѪ粵Ե
ƺΪղѪĻɣѪ粵Ҳ䵭һЩӣҲŸѪٵѪ粡

̧̧ʾ⣬Ѫ粺ܸɴһԴߣԵԸĻ߳ɰտǽ׻龧ߣ
Ŷ
⻰첻üëһҲһ
߳ɰտԴų׻龧뿪ʱҲδɡ
Ѫ죬Ҫ˵ʲôֹ£ȴҲδ˵ʲô
Ҫô죿
ʵղŲ˵常ڳ׻龧ѵҪȥҲδ̫Ƶ˰ɣ
Ȼǲܵģ͵ĻҲû취ѪһĨâ
͵һ
͵
Ѫ粵ͷҿ취常òأǱɳô˻Ǳ룬׻龧͵Ȼֱ뿪ֻҪ뿪Ѫռ䣬Ȼ常׷Ϯ

ƺĵ⣡һѪСƺѪռѾգǸ޷뿪ڶȻҲ֪ʲô취һ¶ǻᱻٴץߣǴĿҲʧˣ
лĹģ
ѪЦЦôȻҵİ취ֻҪǰȫ뿪ˣҲȻȫˣ
ôһ⣬Ѫռָνʵ
򵥣
˵䣬ѪкȻѪɫСԥһº󣬻óһֱݵ죬ƺѪУżЩרѪռƳС⣬ֻҪǽԪעУԴֱ뿪
ҵġ
ѪЩ΢Ѫ粵ĿҲù˼֡
ôң
Ѫûĵ˷ҲҪһ뿪ҵļƻҲ㣡
ң
Ѫһ£ܿҡͷУҲ뿪
Ǳû꣬ĪɽĪүû֮ǰҲҪ
Ѫ꣡
ĵȥ֮һͣһӦеģ
ǡðɣ
ĻѪĬƬ̣ǵͷͬ
Ѫ粱ǽļƻ뷨˵˳üͷ΢壬òϣҪ߳׻龧ĻҲΨһİ취ˣ
ŰʱԺǱǰѪ粵ļƻж
ͳͨѪѪռϸͼķٶȥͬʱҲǹ⽫ûб˷֣

ǰˣ
ӺһɽڣѪԣѪϿ϶棬Ȼ׻龧Ҳ
߰ɣҸط
컷Χھȿڴ׿һطͣסͳΧһ磬ϸĹ۲ɽڲ
Ȼˣĸʥأ
ָǰѪ˵ĲӦþǰʹеĸˣ
ĸأ
ü΢Ѫ粵ļƻŻʮӣ
òˣ
ۣæһס˱оһɿռļӿʧ
ΪǶѪϵķѪӰֹһεĽȻռֺʧĺܿ죬ҲڵһʱֱǰٷְѪֱ˲뿪µĺۼ
ȻϾѪռ䣬ѪôҲ뵽ƻߡ
ˣߣ
һңȷѪûл֮ʣͳƱʱӽûзκҲûдκεǾֱĽǰǸɽȡ
ʱĸʹվڲͬλãмƽȴһСԺ䴣
ԺӣѪ֮ǰչصĵطҲͼǳ׻龧ĵص㡣
ĸʥأ
ۣҪͬһʱ佫ǲܵˣΪ˲ȥͨ籨ŵĻֻá
򣡡
ƺ켸ͬʱ˵֣ʱǶһЦȴ΢΢һߣƶҪҿ򣿡
˰ɡ
ҡҡͷЦԺ뿴Ļ϶лŶ
ðɺðɣ
óû취Цõҡҡͷ漴ɫҲǱȻգۼĶ֮Ƕʱڲʱ䣬ǽĸʥʵİʹ
򣡡
ۣųƵС֣ܺڰ׷ռУǰĸʱȻһɫѿ֮İʹȥ
Ȼʵû򣬵ȴҲٶ֮
񿴼ܿռ˲仯ǻ֪ԼȻ֮У²İ׳ء


1511 ɱ׻龧
ʲôˣ
ͳЯ߽ɫ˲䣬һ˵ʵ
ͬʱҲԶһѪƣһ֪ȻմȾ˲˵Ѫ
ҽ죡
ЦȻһȴöĸʹ˫ͫ죿ô⣿㣬ôģ
ôģ£
ʼ磬Ѫ粵ļƻҪϼӣΪľǷֹѪϰ·ء
̶̼ӣѪȥǱߵ׼ˡ
ҪȻû˷ϻ
һֱչά֣Ŀɲһܹģ
ʵҲԼֲ̫ʱ䡣
ȻʮʮӣҲûʲô⣡
ĸʥأӦɱ˲˰ɣ
˸żΪĺâĵĻҲ˵Ǿʹ־ܣһԸȫʬΣ
־ܣ
˻ʱѪâһ󾹺ԥĳͳڵλó˹ȥ
ٶȼ죬׵ľգۼ
ıŵѪâŵĶƵģ춼ŵִ̱ǵѪȣ·Ͽе갧

ۣȵ
Ҳûʲôܺڰ׷ӿڰ໥Ƶĳޣݺݵسıϡ
ϡ
ֻȻıֱӱĶϳأĸʥʵİʹߣһѪĵɶȫûһ㻹֮
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зһĨ⣬Ĵ󲿷עʵͷϿǺڰɫâ۵λãڿǻɫâ֮ʣɵøһ
ৡ
ƾĻ֮ʱǸղű֮˿ȥˣȴٴôצĳٴγ˹ȥ
ƺǲɱԶͣһ
ϧˣĻУǴ˾ٱ˵ɱˣ·Ƕ޷
ȻųԼˣаһӦòʱ䣬âһԭƽȵռȻӿһɫ߰ɫâ˲֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣֱϮȥ
֮һ֣һȷǿר򣬶ȴ֮У
Ȼ˵ܣȴ֮ʥǿ
½Ϊϣ仰Ҳ˵˵ģ
ۡ
ɲǼ䣬ɫɫâֱӽ̴˵壬ǰĶΪ֮һ٣ѪһѪ쭷ɳűĵأ»һ˿ȴҲκվˡ
һΣ״ԵУ
òϣƿصĸоȷˬϸǷһĨĨаȵЦݣ

ӸµĸˣоѾٳӣ˫ָ󣬵ĵ
죬Ҫȥ
˶һۣ԰ֽ϶ȻһĨ̬ĺΣ˲ǽǵȫռݣ˵һ㼱ͣĵֲ˲ںһ籼ڽ֮ˮһ㳯ߵ켱ӿȥ
ȻҪԱ
һĻʱһ
Ŵ˿˽һЩѪµ飬ȴǲܹˡ

μٷ˵ͬʱ˫ֿٵĻ˼£ܵĺڰӿգۼγһ޴͵УȴҲʼ޷ѣ˵ƽˡ
Աը죬ǳ˵Σ
˵ڻˣ棬Ǵ˾Ҳܳɹ
أ
أ
ɲǼ䣬ĵֲıըͬʱ֮һ𡭡
ĸ˵ԱĲȴУ֮ȫգۼǻ֣ʱԼƿص֮˼֡
֪ǵԱûȥκвӲ˶ԻƿأĸһﶼĿɣ
ȻǰǻӺ˫۴ڣ
ɰ
ƴʱҲ߹ĸ첲Цеĵ
룬ƶԳ֣϶ɰɣ
һЦǰ𪽿۵°ͣóƲɵýһ£˾ȴΪЦ
ˣ磬Ǹóȥˣɣǰһ£˵
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ѪϱߣղǿĸʹߣʱԺѾ׿ˣͳ˸ûյκ谭ıǲС
һԺ䣬ȴ˲оŨˮͳƲһ
Ժм䣬һȭͷСĻɫնǻɫΧۿȴʵʵڴڵˮƺڶǻɫ¶ȽвϵѹƵġ
ǡ
ۣȻĵֲѪͼ׻龧ԭǴ˵뷨⻹ɡ
ǲ
ףԼҵĳ׻龧ǴбȻ˵ȷһЩѹƵã󣡶Ѫ϶ˮƿظͲУԸʮ꣬õʱһֱôỹøһЩ
ʮꣿǼһﶼûô
һ漴ȴüͷһĵָȥȡܲôֱùɣ
ҵİɣ
һЦ漴Сһӣȱٴγ֣ڳƵУʱûһȪˮӿУǰնĳ׻龧ȥ
ҵ֮ת
΢ЦŽһ䣬Ҳͷʾס
ȻټҲû
Ҫٴμȣڸн֮ϴθŨϤ֮У
ͬʱҲԳİ
Ƴһ죬΢΢һЦδԣ˿ȪȻ˳׻龧ˮмλãóӡԭȪȻתһʻ棬˲佫ǳ׻龧ֱĴˮڵλ÷
磬պã
һȣһǳ׻龧һֵɲǣ̽뵽˴ָС
ã
Ҳһɲǣƺ˲䣬ȵãˣǿߣ
׻龧֣Ѫ粵Լ뿪
ڴ˿̣ͳ뿪ɽȺ󣬺ԥóѪѪɫСԪǵαԭֱʧҲǸһʧ˲䣬һͷͨѪɫħ޳֣ǲռڵλ󣬾ֱӻһѪ⣬ڿռɢ֮ǰֱûС


1512 ѪѪ
ͳƽɽ֮ʱһߵĳ
ѪݳΪǸӣȻѪ֮˰Χ˭Ҳûע⵽ǲԶĴУȴǻһӰأѪ꣡
㵽ʲôˣȻѪռеȡ־ܣ
ǰΧѪ粵ʮ˸֮ΪѪˣ͵ġ
ϾǴؿǱ׷ģòײŽ£ҰΧ
ҲɱˣǲҪң
Ѫһ˵ص
˿̣ܴķѪ粱һ֮ҲѹЩϲ

ʮŲѵĻһŭǳ
ȥץסȺϷԸ
Ϊ׵һ˵ȵʮ˱Ǵ˷ѪһӵϣһΪղѪ֮ԶŭѣʱǶȴûκԥ
˲ܽɱ֮⣬Ķʲô⣡
ֻҪǾУ
ǡ
Ѫ粸ջ˵ʲôȴѾˣΧЩȻŸԵıϮѾɤ۶ĻҲǱֱ˻ȥ
ء
Ѫ粲δóУôμ˸ͻɽһȺǱַڲĲȱ˿ȴƵģһһεĽЩ˱׿ȥ
εĹټʮ˵ʵ߲Ԫ˷ûж೤ʱ䣬󲿷˱ǰŵ˵ϣѪĻЩ˿ѾС
һһЩ˶Ѫ粵ʵ⣬һȴҲǸΪŭ
ʮˣȻһ˶ò
ҪǴȥ񲻳֮ϹһȺ˶ù
طпŭ֮ʱֱɱ
뵽ЩЩһøΪ񲣬һ˫˫ҲѪ첻ѣһͷͷ˵ħޣޱȱϢ

Ѫ粼״Ҳɫ
飬ЩԽ壬ⲻԼ
ȻҾͳȫǣ
ѪһâΪ˾ĴԽԽѪ֮˾ۼ΢˼֮࣬ȴǺȻ˱ɱ֮ģ
ΪѪٽ٣ɱˣĲ⣡
һܣסǧ
ѪۣȴǶȻԱߵѪ괫˵Ѫ겻ɫһ䣬һĨӡ
ĶѪԽˡ
ѪеѪ粣ȻѪ²һģҲϧһеƺҪȳԼѪܵһĪůһֱѪ粵ľڴʱҲ˲٣һĸж
ѪûȥѪǷӦкâ˸Ҳ֮ӿ˵Ѫ⣬ֻѪ֮ˣɢѪ⾹ԵЩͬ
һϣɱ
Χʣµ˶һۣ׷׺ԥһ֡
ס֣
׼֮ʱһЩ˱ֻþϮǺ޷֮ı˿ȥһѪɫ˸ղűѪ粴ڵصҲǼٻָͬ˵׿⡭
ţһѪɫ۵ſռӿ˳
ֻӳֺȫѪ֮У˸޷ݡ
μϣ
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£ûбķԸκ˲ÿǧ֮ڣ
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ѪϵĵԸУЩ˺ԥļٷˣ˿ͣ
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㻹֪常
Ѫ̾һ漴ΧѪ˲ɢȥ¶ա
Ƿģ³Լ֮⣬Ѫ粶ȷ
常֮粶Ѫ粹
Լ˵˵㵽ʲôˣԴѪƶѣ˽ؿ⣬Īǲ֪Ǹ𣿡ѪһۣѪâ˸ֺɸֵζ
Ѫû˵ǱɱİѪʮΪ֪ѪʵǸ޷ɱǵģֻ֮ԴѪռˣı£
常ҡ
Ѫ粸˵ʲô漴ȴ͵ŤͷԶȥкâһɲαԭʧ
ٴγֵʱѪȻ޷֮ıС
常Ҫ
Ѫ粼ѪϱҪɱֵľٶȻһ١
ǵãӦǽѪɣ
Ѫۣ֮ǰº͵˲ɭ˲٣ô粶ˣ
⻰Ȼһ˼
һ˵Ѫ˽Ѫ֮£˵ص˵ͼ졣
ǵȨ֮Ϊɵĵط
Ѫ֯ڣѪҲȻˣ
ڶΪѪ粺ѪѾһˣˣ˵˶ԡ
һ㣬ȴҪ΢һЩ˵ĻѪ겻ǳѪϵŮ
常
Ѫ죬常Ź粶Ը常ã
Ŷ
⻰ѪüëһѪҲû뵽Ѫ精Ȼô
粶ΪûǴĻɲֹһεı˰ɣ
Ѫûлش𣬼ץѪ꣬Ե
粶ңѪ粵
ң㻹˵㲻ң
ѪЦĪǣ浱Ϊڱչأʲô֪ΪΪɵΪһ޷𣿡
ɱΪİѪʮѪƶоȳȥˣӦɣ
Ѫϴ˻һѪ粺Ѫ˾ɫһ䣬ѪûƵģ粶粶Ϊһʮֿ㣬㾹Ȼ˱ΪҪΪô찡
Ѫһ˵ľ˲
Լ常Ҳ˽⡣
˵ЩпӣɱĲŻˡ
˵ֻŮˣŮѪϵӣһˣҲ飡
һѪ常ֻҪѪ꣬粶ã
ںͱ̸𣿡
ѪҲñ˼֣ץѪ겱ӵҲԽһЩѪҲʼʥʵڴʱͬСƵ׸
粶ң
ѪǷǷԵ粶һж常ģû常û粶Ľգ粶컹Ǵ󵨿常常ŹȻ
ȻҪΣûѪ˵꣬ѪϱŴϵ
常Ļ
Ѫһ٣һĸղŵǫɫֱֱ̧Ѫϣޱļ常ӦĻ粶̵Ա常ΪΣ
̸ɣвˣۣһŮ
Ѫԣʱ۴Ц̺ԪЦһѪѪɫףѪѪֱߵ˼㡣


1513 ˶ӣǿѪޣ
һѪϵЦŻֹס
еѪȻܲסȻûлԣȴѾǻɫ԰ֽվûˣѪϽһԺ󣬾ǵڵϺüζûվ
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֮䣬Ѫ粱һѪжʱһѪɫԥĽ伤˵αǾֱԭʧֻһռɢ

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ۡ
ѪâûռУøո뿪Ѫ粺Ѫ⵽شɵһѪѾǳ״Ѫռ뿪Ѫϸ޷׷ҲǸһЩĻᡣ
Ѫ˵ģֻҪѪϷŹѪ꣬䴦ãⲻֻʱһַʽˣ

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1514 ѹѩƵʳ
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1515 ƽֺöѪϵѪ
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챧ѩƣǣųƵСһԭʧ

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ɫΪ԰ףѪɫѿѵԶҧѪ޾Ȼץˣϵ뱾֮ϵ˭˭
ԽѪռҲΪ˶ϲ֮Ѫɫƶ׷׻۶ڿռڵѪ֮˸ǵһĹڵϣѪڵķ򲻶Ͽͷ
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1516 ѪѪ꣬ʹ
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ͷڿѪԶ֮һͬѪ粳ķ˲ƶȥ

ͳƴѪ粳ؼλ˲֮ʱͬڶĳɭĵɽУǰ죬ȴֽ֮ڰӹɭ䣬Ũֵ£ǹ߰ѡ
һռӣѪϵξֱڡ
һֵɲǣһ˴˳ѪɫĹâ֣գֻһֹصϢӿ
²μϣ˼Ѫϵɲǣʱ
ˣʹض񣡡
Ѫ̧̧֣ĵ˷ҪԸ㣡
ϷԸѪʹ̬ԵüΪ
ʹδ¶۷Ĺϵһ£뾡һа취ȥҴ̽ǰһʱȥʲôʲôջ񣡡Ѫ˵
ǣ
ڶԶ֣Ҫʱ佫粶ȥסһҪסԼŰ죡
ǣ
ѪʹӦѪŵͷ΢΢̾ԴѪѪᣬʹԺڱֵεıˣϣ㲻ñʧ
ˣѪεʧѪʹȴҲ̧ͷ֪ηһĨĸأԭؾþδ


1517 ط뷨صң
ؼء
ʱܵһѾɾеѪϢҲɢ
죬ãôˣ
طͻյһʱӭ˳طǰݺӵһ¡
ҲǵĽһʦ֡
ӣػص֮˵ĹϵѾͻһ߰ɣ
ûŻ¶ٸеĽ
ܿ죬طͻյĿȴѪϣֻûպʵʦ֣λ˭ѽ
ǡ
ҪѪ粵ݣطȴע⵽˻Ѫɫ˫ɲǼϺӣɱҲǺԥȻ֡
Ѫȴƺ޲һ
طʵѾʥ򣬿ɶѪ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
ӣ
켱æһ̺Ԫʱطһǽɢɱȫ˻ȥ
Ȼ˾Ҳаգطκ˺
ش磬ôˣ
ע⵽طĲԾռæȥ
û£
طҡҡͷĻյСֺӳȥ죬ǲǸøһͣһѪµ˹һҶ֣⵽ʲô˼
ʲôѪµˣ
طĻնʱ
ѪؼңȻҲؼˣ˭Ѿطһأ
ʶʱѪ粵ĿҲЩƣֻǲûطֵô԰ˡ
ˣȽȥ˵
û˵һԹԵĴųƺѪ粣⻳бѩƳȥ
״طҲɫЩᣬջŻյС֣һͬ첽ϡ
ȵºطֵڸ˵˰ɣ
Ѫ粣
ûʲôһͬط磬ǽѪ粵˵˳طЩţջĽµ˵ͷ
Ѫ粣ǶΣ
ã㽫ʲôطʵ
Ȼѡ죬ڶԴѪ粵ʱطûжáϾѪʼնǴѪ߳ģΪٵҲ϶մȾ˲޹˵Ѫ
һ㣬û˻ỳɡ
Ѫ£Ѿ޴ȥ
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ڶѪ粶Ѫº˽⣬ѵͲ֪Ѫ浽ô˵˵ǱȥҪһЩ
ѪֵεˣҲСʦָָ㣬ܱߵҪúܶ࣡
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⻰˶һѪҲŤͷ˹ȥһĨ졣
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쵭Եһŵĵط˵Ҫ
ˣô˵ôɣ
طûİ˰ֵ֣ܣҲ֪ҵ׵˶ٱӵѪù
㲻Ը⣬ҿߣ
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ѪӦһطͻմ˿Ҳδ˵
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У
طͷһҪ
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ǺһЦطȴ漴ԥһ£Ѫ磬ȥסĵطƣһ𣿡
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ЦӦ£Ҳ֮Ҳȥ
ܿ죬Ů뿪ȥߵʱ򣬳ƻ˳㽫컳еѩƱ˹ȥ
Գƣѩƿɲκβ
ӣ㰡
ʱֻʣطˡ
ط磬ȴЩЦãҡҡͷ˵ɣʲô¶
Ҫȥһط
طһʱһֱŬǰ죬ȻӱӰľе֪һطҪԹȥУֻһˣ
Ŷüëһ
طҲʲôطҲͨӰľģһָоҪؽؼҵĻȥɣҶ˵ҲҪ
ʲôʱߣʵ
ź˵һȥģ㾹ȻǸѪߣҡ
طЦŻصû˵꣬ǻȻĵŶԭǲѪ粣Ǻǡ
Ҫңģطûĵ
Ҳǣ
ǺһЦ漴ӣ㲻ûɣһֱѪ粶ڰаңüΣѪ粵ѣҿĲˣң֮Уܹ֮ô׼ȷҵѪǱߵļݵ㣬ټԼҵЩȫѪ粸ҵģԣǼĺЩˣԸѡ𣿡
ðɣ֪ˣ
ЩȻɫطصͷ
ˣҾͷˣȻ뿪һߡ
ˣط粻ԳЦЦ
Ҫ೤ʱ䣿˶٣ʵ
Ļ¾㹻ˣ
УһҺƶҪˣԼҲעһЩС
˶٣ǲҪ̫ǿؼһܹؽģ
ţ
طףҲδٶ˵ʲô촫Ů󣬱Ǻͳһͬܿ뿪ˡ
طͻսôѪദҲܹȥܵˣ

أӶǱ߻صͳƱ㲻ٵֱӻص
飬ѣŮټɶŮǣһʱڴӭӡ
ڣСӿ϶ǶܹĻع飬Խ֮ڵˣ֪ģ
صԼԺŮʡУҲǺܿ㽫˴Ѫռ֮н˳սһʱ򣬵֪ǹϢļԼλϷ׷׸˹ЦõҲֻܴͷʼ
һʱ콫һж˳Ѫ͵ؼҲû
Ѫ粣˾Ǹ̾ѡ
Ѫܹ֮һŮӣΪѪϵŮܹ˴壬

ʱȴǺü΢ǲЩ𣿡
֣
һ˻˾һ
Ѷôˣʵ
ǰʲôֵģҲǷ׷׳үүԨҲ׷ѡ
йâһѼȻǶ˽ǸѪϣһãԲѣĺ֮˵ȻѪ粵ıѣ˵ǸŮˣ¾ŮҲԲŹģл᲻ʲôǲ֪ĵط


1518 ²
ѵĻԺһʱЩĬȻ֪ȥش
ʵڳ֮ǰѱ˵ġ
У˵ûʲôĻû˻Űɣ
Ѷʲô뷨üͷ΢ʵ
Ҿмֿԡ
ѳһ֯һ㣬żһֿܣѪĽѪ粵Ů֮ĸŮ񣡿һӦÿԲ󣡡

˷׷׵ͷԵǼһĻЩУô캦飿
ǰѪµУ³Ѫ֮ûһˣÿһǹ֣ԨҲ֮
Ҳ΢΢һЦôǾҪ⼸ȥˣ
ѣˡ飡ÿһߣܱѵʲô߼壬նòʲôõĽڱߣ飡
촽ԵʲôŻѪϷŹѪŮأ
Ѷ
Ĵϵ˵һ㣡ѪϲûзŹѪ粣ȥǱѪƶʱѪ粲ҵҿĶĺ
ĻټϸղΣҲЩͬ⡣
죬ˣ
ȻȴЦŰ˰֣Եֻһĥ룬ѪĴɱѪ粣ǺβֱӶ֣±˵һѪˣʮ˸ļһѪɱɱģ

⻰Щ㵡
ãƺʵԡ
ǽ㣬ǸѪô᲻Ϊ˽ȥأڱʵ
Ȼֿܣɲ󣡡
ѽ͵ղ˵ˣǽѪռ֮ǰѪϾѾڱչسճ׻龧˵Ļƶǲôɽ˴ģ
ҲŶ
ҧҧ촽ô⾿Ϊʲôأܲһֳͷֶΰɣ
߽У
˸ǻ۵ĹâԵҲ²⣬¸ԴӦѪϣ
Ѫ粣
һЩѴԺ⡣
Ѫɴ߲ɱѪ粣ӦȫԼġԵĻôѪֻҪ˵һǾͿ
룬Ѷ˵ӦѪʲôܣѪǼһ᲻ɱͻأģһֱûôڵĳ˵ˡ
ܣ
㿴ңģԵˡ

ףһֱѪѪ֮еĵλףұ֮Ҷʹ˵ҪѪϸ׽һЩѵΪǸɸŮĹϵ
Ҿ֪ѪǴСѪģеı¶ѪԽ̵ˣ
⻹Ҫһ㣬ҸоѪϺѪ֮ƺϵѪܱȵģ
˵Ҳ΢˼Ƭ̣漴Եƶ˵ģôֻյĿˡ
΢һ٣ʮĵѪ϶ȻһܣѪϹϵ󣡡
ڳҲǷ׷׵ͷͬ⣬Ͼ֮⣬ȷûһʵĽͣ
ֻǣˣôܵʲôȻܹѪϲȥɱѪͽ
Σܿ϶ܴѪĹϵ
ҪѪһˣ˵
ǲˣ
ҡͷ룬ѪԼӦöҵĵǣѪϻԶ֣ټһ񻹲֪˭ѪʹؼǱߡ
Ҫȥһطչ
վΪص˵ʱؼֻʣСʦúѪˣһѶԣǵȷΣա
ʱʲôΣգ
ȴתԵ˴Ѫռ֮Уǲ˰ѪʮԼĸʹߣ˳׻龧ԼһͷѪޣЩʧȻѪϷŭҲ˼ɣ˼ǵʵ
϶뵽Ѫ뿪ѪռйأôѪ뿪֮ȫĵطĶأ϶ң
ѪȻʵǿ󣬵ҲܹҰɣ
˵΢΢һߣ쵹ǵȷзࡣ
ƶЩĲ²⣡
ӿڵһ֪Ѫؼأ
ǾҪˣ
΢΢һЦ˵Ҫ£
һĵȥһؼأ޸һǵĻ󣡿ðطȥ죬ɣ
ڶȻѪ粵ȷǱߣҲҪѪ粵ĳ֣һҪʱܳ
˵ȴ΢΢üʲô˼ѪҪߣֲᡭ
ˣͻأ۾һѼͬʱڣݣ
ûݣ
Цŵͷûж˼Ѫ粵ĿֻҪ˵˭˭ǣΪԷһûҪݳӣ⻹оϢˣ
Ѫ֮˵ϢȷΪأͷ
Ǻǣһ㻹ҪŶ˵
ң
ԲЦһ£ȴǺܿĽӿڵ׼ȷ˵ѩƣˣѩﻹһͷѪޣȫֽⷽţųѪԹ¾ǸصѪʹҲԿ٣
ãǾô죡
İ˾
̫ϳϵݣ˵ļˣ¾쾣ԼҲԲᷴ

תۣѹ
ԺУԱȴŮˡ
飬ѣԼ֮⣬ȻѪ粡
ȻѪǼٵġ
רŴҺͶľѡһĺòѪмƵˣȷģűؼȥѪΪݣڵѪ粡
ֻǣڡѪ粡ϵѪ֮ΪϢȴδ֣һֱԺУ޵ļ⣬ûܹһ档
ѩСһҲ֪ڸЩʲôѵôѣ˵
ʵ֮ǰѩ˵Ѫ粡һЩѪ֮˵Ϣ飬ʱѩƺʹıӦˣֻ˵Ҫʱ䣬Ҫ֮ãʮֲ⡣
ȴҲδߴ٣
о仰˵ĺĥ񹤣
Ҫ¶һЩѪ׷ѰѪ粵ڣǺʲô춼ȥ룡
ѪνܣҲòʹѪ粵ȷǲ֪飬ֻ콲һѪµӣѪ϶ĸ̵ֽ˿ûκε
ǣѪͬһʧ֮ˡ
ǰмȫǵˣ
꿪ʼֻѪôһ常Ҳǳڲϵϵɱжɹ
ٵţɲǰģ
ˡ
컹ЩԹʱǹرյԺűˣֽԺŴ򿪣Դ첽룬ɫΪѿ
˷ģҪʺõ켸˶
ΪǶףΪ̫ϳϵԣǷʲô飬ɫѿ


1519 Ԫռֵ
ȴؼʣµһλ̫ϳرơ
Դؼû֮رƱһֱߣطͻջȥؼصʱҲûиһ
ֻڣ˿Եɫ֮⣬رȴǱЩɻƺҲǲ⡣
̣ǰ⡭
첻ʵҲǸϽԺر¡
ңҲ֪ô£
رҡҡͷղں죬ȻȻ㼱Ҵҵĳ߹ˣ

ôԣ΢΢һŤͷȥ
û£Բδֱͣʵ
ûаҡҡͷ
ƣ˵˵Һȥȥ
Գر˵һ漴˵ʲôǾֱ֣˵α˲ԭʧԺеļȫһͷˮ㲻׵׷ʲô
죬ǱԾֱһƬĿռ䣬ǹ貣ԵޱȹԶʱʱһſǣǰһһ֮У
ǵԪռ֮ǰĵط
̣ʲô컷ܣǲʵ
ȱ˵оһʲôͬ
ҡҡͷ˵ɫҲԵüΪء
ͬ
һ֪Ծ޵ķʸ֮ˣܿǾɫΪȻĽӡ
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Կ죬ѵ
Ŷã
Ӻ켫Ϊ⣬ԵĻҲһ֮ɢûһȴɫҲЩء
˵ǽԪռΨһͨ
ֻ֪ԼǲнԪռʸ
λҵ̫ϳϣ乻󣬿ʵҲʸȥģ
֮⣬֮ûһ˽У˶֪ػԪռĴڡ
ȻڣھԵѺͨﾹоԪռлв֮˵ĳ֣β쾪ȣ
˫ۣüôо˰ɣ
ţ
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̣ڸô죿Ԫռ䣬òǲȥİɣ
üңͬ˽ȥͬĻָôҵҵˣ
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ң
ԣһǼϴκ˵Ԫռ͵İɣ
źߣס
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Ӳ˿иĽ죬Ψֻʲôʣ
ܿǹԽʩչʧԼǰ֮ʱһ漴Ԫռеˣıֱ

ܣͬϴνһĺڰɫܵһжκα仯ȴãԼԪռжһֹϵ
⵽ô£ҽô죿
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ԭ˼ôȥʱԪռƺ뷨ܺڰӿۣת˲ǰȻγĻ
Ļ֮Уȴǳֳͬ龰
ߵĺȻ쾣ʱϥڰ֮У׹ⲻ˸ƣ½ͨĻ쾹侳һ㣬ʮеĸܵ붨״̬׼ȷ
ұߵģȻǾˡ
ֻ쾵붨˵ȴΧһŲõЦݣͷ·ڳƵģ̬쿴ÿЦá
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뵽㣬㲻ٳɣһ˵뵽״̬ҪѰ˵뷨֮⣬Ժб
Ȼڽһɲǣԭչֳ״ĻʧӿͻۣǰȴչֳһµĹĻ
ǹĻֳȴһʮˣƺѰʲô
Ҫǣۿ˵ʱȴ˲ɫһݣ̲סľ
˾Ȼδһֱ֪ںδı˴磬Ϲʥ
û
ԴϴκͰҶһͬΣڳԺ󣬱ֻмϢһֱûټһ棡ô
üͷ壬ŹĻе
ͬʱƺҲֿһǾĳΧһۣȷû֮ԳЦЦʼѰңֻҪʲôڳԼ֮˿֪
Ҫֱܹ˲ƹȥͺˣ
Цõ˵˲١Ϊף֪Լݵģܶʲô˼
컰µɲǣҲûʲôٶǹĻжȻһ⣬ֱ컹ûʲôӦ֮ǰǽֱӳǹĻȥ
ڸղڵĵطѾǲӰ
ٴν̤ʵظо֮ʣûʲôٶʱһâȻϮͬʱ߻ȵʲôˣ
ˢ
ԥһ㿪ǵâ֮󣬿ǰԶæ磬ס֣ң


1520 Ŀģʵ
ֵܣ㣿
Ļһ£漴ȴ׼ĹЦǰӵһ¡
ҲЩϾ˴İܴ󣬿˵ûĻʵ뻹Ҫüʱ䡭
֮ǰڵֺڰ׿ռȫãΧ̲ʻصӣи˼ƢζνǷ羰ʤգ
ӵ֮㾶ֱµĲݵϡ
Цʵ磬ô
ΪʲôҲڣ
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Ȼʳʺʵҡҡͷ
Ǵ磬ôģܲİɣʵ
ֵܣ㻹ǵҵ˵кȻֵžתƹ𣿡תЦʵ
Ȼǵã
ͷӦ˵֪ʲô˷ŵģͺȻˣҶҲתƹܹΣΪˣ

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Ǻǡ
Цº룬ҪҶȥ죡ֵ֪Ҫȥʲô¶𣿡
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ȥİˣһֻʣڣ˵
ϸİˣ񲻾ҵɩˣ
۾һɩҵûУ
ҵˣҵЩͬҪĻҪһЩĲϣɱ˵ˣǾתƹҲûУ
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΢΢һȷ֪ϹʱڶʮѵһֵܹĴٹ˫֮񲻵ͬڴ
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˵ȴٴһ£Цϸ磬ò˵Ǹռ䣬ɣ
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ЩĿ죬ע⵽ĿЦɵʵˣһأֵôУռʲô𣿡
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Цѣʵϸ磬ҵԪռ䣡ֻҵ̫ϳϲܽ
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컺˵ţҲǳסˡ
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ģ˫һݣֱֱ죬ֵܣղ˵ֻҵ̫ϳϲܽѵ˵㡭
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ֲʲô˵飬ҲʲôˣҲȻҪʲô
У˵ҵԪռ䣿
ֵǸǸˣɲҵĳλȱ

һʱЩͣ漴ȴתԵˣϸ磬ȲЩˣȻ˵оתƹԪôҾһҰɣܱһҵļҪһЩڴ֮ǰҪ뿪һˣ
Ҿ㣡ͷӦ
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ף漴һ뿪Ԫռ䡣
棬ɵȺǶĻʲôʣѾʱֵ׼
ô֣Աʵ
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ٺһЦģǸʲôˣǰĽݴ磡ԪռΪģҵ֮뿪Ԫռ飬Ҳһᱣܵģ
Ľݴ硭
첻˵˼΢һðɣȻô˵ˣҲˣֻҪǵ˱У
лл̣
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ţ
뿪½Ԫռ䣬ֱҲȥߡ
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ͷϸԵһԣ
˵꣬˫ۣ֮ǰһ״̬ԺȫǾתƹԼԪӡ
ҲҴţסƵĽ죬ȵӹȥǰĻ֣ע⵽ĻʵֵΣԽԵü
⣬⡭
Ķ֪˵ʲôˣ˫ȭյĺ޲ھ͹ȥ
ϸ磡
ʱҲۣЦ֣ûɣ
ûǣͷӦ
ǺãϸԵȣСȥȥ
΢΢һЦζȻԭʧĻȴδʧʮĿֵһС
ĻУǳ˾תƹԱߣԥĽժ£ֽԪɹժȡѵʱ侹һӣܿ»صǰ
ϸ磬㣡
ԥĽʵݵǰΪüҪлɾǼһֱ˵쿴ֺЦ⻹һμء


1521 ֮أجu
ֵܣĻҾͲ˵ˣ
ʵպãصı˱죬ҪϽȥɩΣ
ϸԵȡ
ںδҲȥ
ֵܣ㡭
һȴЦⲻǵܵܵȥݼɩôϸĪǲԸ⣿
ǣǣ
æֵֻɩڵ겢ûʶڵĵطܲⲻǵֵί𣿡
֮仹Ҫ˵Щ𣿡
ûĵϸֱ˵ǣһȥҲܴ뿪ĻҲҪȥأ
ðɣڼ֮أ
Ҳԥֱ˵ֵҪ㵽˼֮ظҴţҶȥ㣡
ãȥ
ͷԵϸ磬һ䣡ȥ֮ȲҪżҵ˵
ʲô˼⻰Щס
ʱ֪ˣ
֣ǰ䵭ʧΨһ仰ԶԶҴһȥɩӣ
뿪ˣҲ֮뿪Ȼ˵ǻ˼Ҳ˼֮ǵȥ˵ⶼôˣҲںһ죡
Ҫǣ첢޵ķʸ֮ˣ

飬
صԼԺе죬һʱŮΧ˹ǸѪ粡档
Ͼ⡮Ѫ粡㲻ĸҲʲô¶ȥ˵
磬ʲô
Ůڣǵʵ
ģղҡ
콫齲˳Ҳ˵һձҪȥǱߵĴ㡣
ŮȻκηԣҲǽģҲʶ磬ҲΪ
˵Ϊ˾Լİ֮£һҲΪж
磬ȥˣҲҪһ𣿡ʵ
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ڳԷʱҲԼ˵һĴ㣬ĲѣȻǿĵĲȥ֮أܹһ𣬲ȥĶСһ˷ܵġ
磬ʱѾ˴ҹķ緶˵Ц¶ɶģ֮СʱȷȷʵʵǱ˺ܶ࣬ΣԴǵʱȴûκα仯Եʮǡ

ڶ죬һ̤ǰĵ·
ͳڣ뿪غΪ˽Լʱ䣬Դˣ˲ƱȻ˼֮صıԵ
˵촫ûȶãһɫİҶ˹
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Ҷ̬ȼãЦŵͷʾһ¡
ʱѾǰͬԪڵʵӾʥѾԶ
ȻһҲҪĽ̵һҲԼŬкܴϵ
ǺǡҶþò
ǧİҶļЦĻҲ˵ˣھʹȥʦʦɣ
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Ҷͷ漴ǰ·ǽ󣬴ŰʱѾ뵽˼֮ڲһΡѩɽɽŴ
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ܿ죬һ˱ǵɽۣﾹȻûѰԺ䣬һȫбɵļ䣬ܺХʱʱظ·ͬ񺿰ķѩﰲһƽɭ֮С
һ棬վɽ۷۳ȥããһƬȴҲԵΪó˵ǶǲЩп
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ҲڨڨһЦӺϸ˵ЦˣˣɩںδɷҲȥ
Ȼԣֲʲôˣ
ԥӦ漴ǳղ߳Ǹȥ
Ҷǵ棡˵
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ҶӦŵ漴Լ˷ܵĸŰҶԱȥߴߴҶѯΧĻֵͬİǿĶһݸ
Ů˱ڣ˲ֻ¶ȸ½٣к˺ܶϢֻǵעǰǵ͸Ӱϡ
Ȼһ꣡
ⷽȥҲԿգԼֲʳ˼̻ʡ
ֵܣɩӣجuЦһ£ɩֱڶûлָʶ󷨽뿪ˣ
ÿ
Ůһᡣ
ϸ磬ɩӼǲǵ㣿ʵ
ǵã
ЦѣӦܹоҺУֻܹҶĻҲֻ棡

ԥһ£˵ϸ磬֪ɩΣûУɩһֱܣʼҲûκμ䣡
ңεʱɩ΢һ£ǰ
ΪأʱǺجuȴڷƮƮȥһ˫ޱȵã˿κдڡ
˵ЩҶף
ͷҲʵû취ˣЩһֱָ䣬ʼղܳɹҲŴΣڼ䷽ҲֻԺ˵ˣȻҲֲ̫һʧǾֻˣ

ĬһŤͷŮʵûʲô취ɩӵļ䣿
Ѻεҡͷͳȴ˳˼ֻü˼ȴпٵһĨģ쿴۾һ
飬ƶ˵أʵ
ԣ
ͷҿõҩɩȶ꣬ͨһЩĻþЩǱڵļ䣬ֻһʧܵĻ»ɩһЩӰ죡
ƶأʵ
ҡ
ƺ촽΢ţԥŵҵȷһ취ȴ


1522 ƹֻ̨ϣ
ƵĻ˵ı鶼Щ졣
ȻǲǻɳԵ٣ֻǿųƵӣƺ԰쵽˼ǶЩɡ
ǵʵ͵λ˵жһָġ
˵̫ϳϵĵλʵвܰ쵽Ҳࡣ
ƶ㣬뵽ʲôѽ
ʵ˵ĿҲ׷˳ϡ
һ֪һط԰ɩӻָʶҶڵ״̬˵Ҳаһģ
ʲôط
ȲͲûֱӳȥˡ
ǰƶҲˣʲôط
Ҳ֮ʵƴ˿΢һ˼촽΢ͻƹ
ƹ
һȴǲɵЩ΢㶡
ϴΣƱѪץߣȻ֪ѣȴͨѪ粵һơ
ԣΪǽƹԿ֮һ
ǴΣҲ״˵ƹĴڡȻüΪϤʼȴǲ
ó׿˵ȴҲЩ죬ԽóƸΪء
ƹ
ȴ΢֮ǺȻʲôƵģػڵã˵Ŀǡɷ̤졯ķƹ
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˸֣첻һߵŮҲԵüΪ㵡
ڳȴƳһ׵Ǹƹ
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Ϲʱڡ
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ΪƹѾʧˣû֪Ķ
ԥſڣֻ˿ȴһֹɫһţ˺һ˺ܾõǡȴǲδЩ
ǰҲƹôôܽȥ棿
Ϊʧһ̾ʶƮƮȥĺجu꣬ԵüΪʹġ
ǵҲ˵֮⣬һֲΪ׷粽ģҪϲܽƹ
ԣƹĶ֪أ
һʱ䣬ڵԵüΪء
ϸ磬ʵڲеĻֻİ취ˣȻɩӶܣǺ룡˵

Ļһ̾

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ҡҡͷֻҪɩӴϱǣĽ죡
ţãģ
ϵԼ˵飬Ҳ˿⣬ȻȫƵġ

Ϣһ죬°Ҷ֮⣬һټ뿪ΡѩɽȻجuѾպãҲֻҲ״̬Ȼôܹչ˺úجu
ڳƵĴ£һ˾ǲδԶ˾ѩɽ׿ĳͣ
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ʱĳȴɫӵе˵ĹעĿУһһףȻ˫ֿٵӡһɫâƶƶ趯һ㡣
׹ֵĳƣ˿̷·Ůٷʣ־֮С
衭
컳ųƵʱȴǲţһ˫۾ҲޱȵĻ
ûгǾţȴѹڵļ˫ȭţڴѡ
ʱһһĹȥƵξѾƮɵ˰֮ϣƶ׷ƣ·һʱȴѾΧĿռ䣬һۼ
һжԵüΪأŵĿռϢǶޱһϾǲ¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
ڣųƵһӡǰնȻһĿռ֮·˺˿ռһ֣óƺ촽΢Ȼȵ֮ƹ֣


1523 ƹֻ̨£
˿̵ĳƣȻ˼㣬·һİ׹⣬ԳŮʣ
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ʱ˱ѾǷƹǰĹ㳡ϡ
֮ǰĽǶȺڵվλȣ˷һ֮УһƵģ㳡ϵŨȣ֮ղŨ˲١
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ʱʱңÿһΧɫƶתȴС
Ҳȥɣ
һкһͬʼ
ϾʵټϳƹƵʣҲûһ˳

СȴһЦţһ߱ıƻֵСӣĲȥȴôᣬ˿ûչֱֳֽǰĳҲ¶һĨõҸЦݡ
ǰ棬ܿ׷˳ƣǣСһţʱʱؿǴЦ
ʮӺһǹǰųƵӡǹرյĴŻ˿ʱ紺Ļ˳մ״̬
֮ǰЩѩʱȥ澹ŴһУĻиֺ׷ɣôҶȫסˡ
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ЦŵͷŷĲ٣һͬڳŮǽ˻УΧŵϷ׷ޱȲõЦݡ

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ҲǺɻֻһ·ܵĻȴһĵ״ڵϤУУһ㣬þòԸ԰Ρ
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΢΢һЦָָµĵ棬ٵӡܵĻɫâǼڵϲᣬռ֮ӿУΧȻһ䣬ûӦ֮ǰһ̨ߡ
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ٶԣߵԲ̨Աߣجu껽˳ʶ겻ʵԲ̨ϣ漴ǺجuոճֵʱԲ̨ΧһɫĹĻУƮɣʼշɲԲ̨ķΧ
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Ҿ

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˺ԥĵͷ漴˵˱ԵλųƺԲ̨ϱɫĻֵĺجu꣬ɫЩأüͷţһж˵ƺĺϤǳϤ


1524 ֻ̨ɺף
վǶû˵
ȴһԪתҲǼޱӡһɬĹâƶƾĳһ㣬ǰĻɫĻںһ𡭡
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Ųѣյ˫ȭȻŵεκˮ
״ȴοϸ̫ˣƶ˵ԣǾһԣ
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ʱӿݣǳһֺȳͬʱǰԲ̨ʼתɢĳ˻ɫ߲֮ʹâɴ˫ۣΨִһ㡣
ŴŴš
Բ̨תܿռ䶼ƷĦ
ʱĳɫȴǸΪȻһԪƲҪǮƵģɫڲӵʱڣԳ˼ֲ԰ףȻӵĵȷܴ
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Ȼ䣬뿪ԣ鵱ȵ
ˣˡ
СӽŲһ٣æŵŵŵܵǰǿɰĵ裬Ҫȥط㶼ͬ˵Ŷ
ҿСİɣ
ԼǰװԵһѽ䱧ڻУЦõĵﲻԼңҪܣһʲôΣô죿
ŲΣأ
ƲƲ죬ɿǲɵջǹԹԵӦðɣ֪ܵģ
磬ã
֪ˣ
ԹԵͷ漴ص˸ղŵǸмˣֻǴʱȻɺܿģǲתĴ۾ȴԳֽ϶ûб濴ȥô
ȻںͽܵˣĹУ˶ûע⵽£ٵ˼ӡһâգʧԶҲ֪ȥηк塣
ౡ
ûãȻдһ֮綯˵׷ƣ˴Ⱦɾһ㡣
ɺף
˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
飬ѺŮ۾Ź⣬ͨѩףΨͷ¶ɫ޳ĲԼȶֳޱ鶯ӣֱ޷š
ɺףԴϹʱ񣬲֪ʱѾҲˣȴû뵽ﾹȻܹһֻֻ
ۡƯҲ˵
ҪҪСһȴץţƺֻɺƵġ
ڼ˵Уֻɺڸ߿зһȦķУԵޱӯüŮĸΪϲ
㣬ܵܣ
ʱ˷ܲѣԥĳϿշ𣬶ԥȴҲæϡ
ҪʲôΣհ
ǵĶ鼱ˣ
裬Ѷ裬裬ȥһͻŶ
ǴƮƮĴ£˼һĻˡ
Ƿֱֻɺϣ޳Ĳɺ׵Զȥ𽥵ıʧŮߵС
⡭
ŮЩˣҪ׷ȥʱųƻ˹
Ů˵ղŵΣҲһɳȴЦŰڰ֣ûµģȥɣ


1525 ɾجuָ
ƵĻôЩ΢
ųǺĵӣҲ΢һЩ
˶ˡ
ȻʲôƵģʵ磬ƶ㣬ɩôˣ绹ɩ𣿡
˵ĿҲ׷׳ǺǺһЦŷֻ̨Ǳߵμ򵥵ؽһ飬ôҲǲ֮¶Цݡ
ȻǺͺجuҲǵһμجuӣܹж
ôĵȴô飬ɲʲôܹģ
ƶ㡭
һͷʵҿϤ𣿡
Ȼ
һ㶣һĨӵɫס
İ
۾Ź⣬æ֪ղֻɺôҲȥŶ
˿̣ĻߵѣȻûпڣҲ¶˼һ顣
Ͼɺ׵̬ںܶ˵ȷһּջ󣬰Ҳˡ
ðҴȥ
ˣЦЦȥ
ȴǺĵƶҪϸɩӳֲǡ
ͷİɣǳʱһǰ֪ģ
ЦǺǵ˵漴кһߣȴıѾͳƲУȻ˳ƵĻЩ΢Ǻܿĸȥ
ʱ˷·Խһ㿴ĸĤ˲·һƬռ䡭
ɽˮﻨԶʵɽڱɴ֮УӰӰ´£ɴ֣ǻұµļʵī赭дȴƮ֮ˡ
ΧʱʱĿԿһֻֻɰСԾܶߵСϪУһԾˮ棬ǰ续ľУƽ鶯֮
Уɺ׵ĺ֮ڶעǣжʮֻɺΧһȦϷ裬ǷȦֻϴɺףԼֻɺױϣЦ
Ц໥ڣ·γؼһƪ¡
ǰһĻ˶Уþ޷԰ΣȴҲ԰Ρ
һŻع޵ĺɾɣ
ǰɾ
˷׷ףڡɾֵݣù֣·Ӳһ
ֳһѾ޷ȥˡ
Ϣ
ౡ
֮ɣȴϳЦݵͬʱȴҲֳһĨ䡣
۽Ǵ֪ʱȻһξӨ飬þδɢ
ְ֣衭
УǾϲСһɺ׵ıһԾ£ֱ˵컳УͬʱҲǷ飬ѺС֣˷ܲѵĽŸղǵľ
ౡ
ʱЩɺҲһ߷˹һֻֻչӯˣһΧΧһжԵôã
ƺԸܵЩɺеĿģһĻмϤȴʼ޷˦˦Դ
Ĵ˷ٶȴǱƿУȴ˭Ҳûע⵽ôһĨΡ
ƶ㣬ҡҿԡٺ١
ָߵɺףЩʵ
ǺǣǣЦ
ţ𣿡ͷųƣͺ´˵֡
Ȼԣ
ЦǺǵĵͷ漴ҲûʲôһֻɺӯıߣǴ˼
ȥЦ
ŶŶã
˷ܲѣֱɺױϣֻһֻɺױ㱳˿У˷ܲѣЦͼû
飬ѶҲȥɣģΣյģ
˵ŮҲ˵Ǹ޷ѹסеĺ棬ҲǺһֱɺϣͬŮһ㿪ʼڿΡ
ְ֣裬Ҳȥ
˵Ȼᷴԡ
ܿ죬һܹ˱ÿһֻɺףڿӯ裬ӳŴ˴ʫ续ɾ󣬸ƽ޷԰ε
Źȥ˲ʱ䣬Ҳ湻ˣһĲݵϣܵԼΧʱʱĸСЩӯɺǣ϶¶ޱɫȴһУԽĳ嶯
Ҫˣ
ģһȻֱ˵
˭˭Ҫˣ
ԾһȴܿķӦʵϸɩӣ
ţ
ƵͷЦȳȥɣһǻҪĻǣ
Ȼκ飬ܿڳƵĴ£ص֮ǰڵУôڴ˵ȺԼǺܿȥجu˹
ʱĺجuȻ壬ȴ֮֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ϸĻ¾û
Ȼгƺֻ̨İجuҲ»ָʶһ˫Ҳû֮ǰã
ϸ磬ɩӣϲ
ǰЦҲֵл
جuǺĴһԼΧŮЦĵӸ磬Ǿ˵ֵܺ͵ðɣŶֶֶŮأ
ţǣ
ͷ漴ԽǼ˽һ飬جuҲǼдҹ緶һǷл
˷ƹ֮УҲǵõԲĽ
ֻϧƵʵȴΪֻ̨ԵʵһأҲûô׵ĻָûкõĻԵһҲֻˣ
ȻƲδἰⷽ棬԰ڣҲû֪ˡ
جuʶָڴ˵һϲ¡
ʱһ϶¶ޱȲõЦݣСһĴߴУȴٴλص֮ǰǸɾһڵĻУóμЩͺجuӶǳױסˡ
Լٴɺϣڵ֮УǴЦͼûͣѾ˴磬ҲصСʱһ㣬쿴Ҳ΢Цϡ
Ůźجuߵһԣһһجuĸ飬һ֮ĸõͬ׽һñ˦һԵЩЦá
ֵܣллˣ
ɩָܹʶҲΪʮʮİգ
ϸ磬˵Щɾͼˣ
ЦǺǵĵҰΪôˣҪ˵һл֣ɱҲֳˣ
ãã˵ˣֵ֮Ҳ˵Щ
һЦ漴ЩɻʵֵܣƶƺϤĪƹԨԴ
ţ
ͷȴδ͡ʵԼҲֻһûеڶ֪Ĳ²ѡ
Ҳʣ漴ЦǺǵһͬΧʤյľ¡


1526 ع飬ʱϢ
ɾһĻˣȴʱţ׵еķţ
Ϊ˵һӡ
֪˶ãСһЩˣǷֱƺ黳г˯ȥҲǹԹԵĻصãСΪĿĶú˵ģҲż־Ůķˡ
عȴЩԥĵֵܣҡǲǸˣ

ԣһ漴ȻЦϸȥɩΰɣ
ǰ
Ҳͷɩӵ˵Ҫģ
ף⣡
ЦǺǵĵͷ漴ӲݵվЦƶھʹ뿪
ãã
ͷȥ˼Ůߣ齲˳ϸֳһĨԥջӦ
ȻҶȷǲԸôķ羰뿪Ͼ²ܲľȥôˣôָôأ
ԣҲгϤ˶ڣ˵´пյʱٹˣ
ƺƹԼĺ԰ƵģŪüŮЦѣϧ˭Ҳûע⵽Ĩӡ
գһǺܿ뿪ˡ
ӷƹص򣬺Ȼǽ֮ǰڵĵطֺ
ֵܣλǣҪɩӻȥˣǣźجu֣˵
ã
ЦŵͷǵɩӻָԺϸǵôɩӺҶһȥֵһɨԴ
Ͼǻȥ֮һҪæŰجuɩΣʱȥǣĴֱӻȥңָоѪѾڰжˡ
ȥҲܹЩ׼
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪ѪϵҪЩʲô仹Ǹδ¶ݵѪʹԲС
ϴεѪռ֮УһֱΪ֪ʲôѪʮԼʹߵȵȴڣм𺳣
ѪܹϹʱڴѪϵǿʵΪ֮أء
ԣջǾڴ˵طֿŮԼŮǾ˼֮غͷƹ֮к»ع鵽ڡ
УѪ粡ʵʵĴڼ䲢δʲô飬Ҳŵ΢һЩ
ֻǣηƹ֮УԼųƶԷƹڵϤ죬ǶԽóƸΪһЩǶǾԵţҲ˶ȥܶ׽С
תۣѾص˲ʮʱ䡣
ʱУֵһ˵ıѩķԸ£ԳѪ޵ĺܶྫͬʱҲáѪ粡ֳ˲Ѫ粱𼸺һģһѪ֮еϢ
ʱġѪ粡¾Ѫ֮վǰѪϣֻҪϸ۲֤Բỳݡ
ȻѪ粡ʵһ
Ǿʵ
Ѫ粱ʵףѪ粡ȴҲֻеԪѣòϢȫһһֵĻǱ¶һ޷ֲ
ԲΣѪ粡ǾԲֵܶģǵԼ֮ˣ˵涼ˣ
ԺУȻҲȥǷ¶һҪ淢˵ʲôҲֻԶ֣һȷѪ粡ǼٵĻôѪؼǱߵİΣͻ˸ӵˡ
գԺеҡϣڲԶСΪˮӣ¶˼ΪҸЦݡ
ҡαϣɵǶʱʱظ豭עˮʱʱһˮţҲԵú⡣
Ȼղδ̫ãԺűֱƿүүԨ漱룬˵ǿȥƵ
ţ
һҡֱӣɻôˣүүĪǷʲô飿
֪ˣ
ԨҲ˵ֱ㳯ȥ翴۾գѽգģ̫үүֱ飬δΣ֪ΪΣȴƺ֮ǰһЩ
Ƶֳ˼𣬴ŭ֮⣬Ȼλ̫ϳ϶ڣΪԾڲ²⣬Īһ۷屻Ѫˣ
Ƕľ壬Īǻǻʸ壿
־òܡ
ϾʸĻʸܷܷҵƽѾһˣʸĳ£ô򵥡
洫һϢ
ºſ˵
Ϣ
һֱɻѵէԣȴǲɵЩסһϢѣôʦ
ɣλ̫ϳϲԪռĻҲԻģ
ûˣĳϽ֮ʱҲƵڵĽ̸Բᴫȥ
ޱص˵΢һ٣˼ţ
ţ
էԣȻ̧ͷε𾪡
ô֪ģ
Īүү˵ģҲ԰үү˵ȥģ
ʱ𾪵ӣæ㲻Ҫᣡǵʵͻʥصʱ߿ţǲ֪ģģϢڳ֮⣬Ҳֻмλ֪Ȼ⹫ҲУ

ЩЦãԭԼй¶ģȥԼүүⲻо΢΢̡
ʣǲǻϴֻ߿ţǲһʱ飿ֵ

쳤³һż˫Ŀעӣͷ˵ҵȷе߿ţֱΪ飬ľ飬ˮ飬飬ԼͿռ飬ʱصֻ飡
Ȼ
֮ԣһ̾漴Χ˽һ漴֪Ϣʲô𣿡
֪
ҡҡͷ漴۾һĵĪǹʱֻģ

ڴУףʱ飡
ʱ飡
شվԵúǼ
Դϴεõˮ֮󣬱һֱûκιϢʱϢ޷еļ
⵽ô£Ȳʵ
ҲǺֻ˵ȷôһϢ
𻺻ԵϢԴѾŪ˵ȴڴһ֮ʱ齫ǧɽϢ̶̼֮Ѿҵ𵴣
ǧɽǲǻʸĵ𣿡ü
ǵģ
ͷ漴ֵģѾͻʸǱˣȻҲȥĿȴΪ˰õʱ飬ᣡŶ⹫ǱҲˣԼңҲϵˣǽʣĸ۷嶼һ㣡
˵΢ЩжУһĳǶ룬᲻Ѫµһı


1527 һ¹ִǧɽ
ʱ֣ŴƵصԼԺ䣬ǹŹ֡
ʱܼʱȴֽüͷӼֱᵽ˼㣡
ˣæֱۣʵ磬ôˣ˵ǱүүȥƵǱˣĪʲôõ飿
ӦǺţһĲ֪Ǻǻ
Цõҡͷص
ʱѣͳŮҲ˹ǵǡȻЩ棡
ȳԷ˵ɣ
˦˦ͷߵ£ŮҲٶԣʼ
ȥŮص˷£ŮǺУ³һʱ飡
ʱ飿
ͻأ֣ŮЩ㵣ǳƷӦһЩɵĪеʱ飿ʱϢ𣿡
ҲǻȻ򣬲ɵҲΪеЩ
ţһ֮ʱ齫ǧɽ
ͷŮʱһϲȲĵ磬ǸϢҪõʱ飬㲻ֻһֻô֪Ǻǻأҿĺأ

ĻЦã˿ȴԼãü΢ĪϢǼٵģ˵˽ȵˣ
ϢӦģҲûб˽ȵǣ
ҡͷ漴ŮԽĿУֻΪ֪Ϣ̫ˣΧڣеļ֪ˣ

ôԣŮıüΪ졣
ּңҲ֪ô£ϢҲ˳ȥһʱֻһȷѪ꣡
˼ڻ˹ɢģѼüʵ
ֿܣ
ף˵ѾȥǧɽǱ߲ˣӦʵ飡ֻǣû˼ʱ飬֪ʱ֮ǰʲôף
вޣҪǲȥĻһģǾͱ˵õˣ˵
ԣҲ뷨
ͷҪһ㣬ľ壬ʸԼԼҶȡʱ飡бĻ˵ΣĴ۷壡
Ѫ£
⻰ҲŮıһЩѺ촽΢ţ³
ɣ
첻÷ʼ磬漴۵ǲΣҲʼնҪȥģʱ鵽Ǽ٣һ֮ǧɽɷֱ棡
һҪǸ壬ô죿鲻޵ǵ˵
ʱҺƶȥˣ
߶Сģ⣬Ҳ֪ͨһĪүүǣҲڰаæǼٵģҲȻѪϵıóѣ
˵컰һ٣΢һֵУҪСѪʹϢѪϹųģôδزΪǵע⣬Ѫʹõĳʱ
˵Ѫ粰ɣģ֪
ף֮ǵ˵ǣƶȥǲһ㣿
ᣡһѩƣСߴСһȥֻûеҪʱ̣ˣ˵
⻰ŮŷĲ١

תۣһ¹ȥ
һֱУע£һжס۾
һʱ䣬ڡ顯Լʱ顯ϢȻ򳹵״飬³˳Ӥ֮⣬һЩСӶٵ˵Щ
һԸǷѡ
е˵ʱഺפ
Ҳе˵õʱ飬Ժܿõе˿ţһ飬ôҲ֮ӵڼʱڽж£Ⱥ۵ʵ
еĻ˵ʱ˻صȥȥЩǰûɣںڵ顣
ЩϢÿЦãʱɫҲԽأ
ʱϢܹ˿ٵĴҸô˵˵ûйƶ֮ˣ¾ǸɵҲŰɣ
Ȼ֪ںƶһУʱ֮һϢҲȷģһҲǵĹע
вޣ
һģԼȥĻǻˣ
˵ʱĳҲζ֮˭˵һԼأ
ֻǧ֮һ֮һĻᣬضû˻Ըֱӷɣ
ͨһµʱ䣬ȫʱ֮ʱǧɽǺ𺳵˳Σ
һ㣬ʱӦ⼸ˣ
컺ԵҴƶһͬȥ
찡
ĻŮһȴҲδԡ
˵磬ƶ㣬ǹȥһҪСģȥ˻ϣ
УǷԸҵĸҪʲôĻȶ֣ǿǧҪ̫嶯ĵѪµıУ֮ӿ˵
Ǻǡˣ֪ˣǷİɣ
ЦЦҺƶʵѪԴ˳֣򲻹Ļǻ𣿡
ӣ˵úµʱͲһ˰ɣ鵱ûĵ
ٺ١ģģƶῴҵģЦ
ԣǷİɣһῴ磬һԣǿдҲ֮˵
ˣƶߣ
ЦǺǵĳŮ֣漴ͳһͬȥȵɽУҲɵĽʩչ˲ƣܿǵִǧɽǰ
⣬ѩƣСߴСҲǸǣֻȴǱˣ֪
ǧɽǰ˳ӿΣ첻ɵЩЦãǧ֮ɣ
洦һĶһܶͷΧЩ˵Ľŭ߳ںüΪڽǶչսν£ûһԡ
콫ӵǰһΪ˷ֹ˿ͣһȴҲΪ˲Ҫ̫ע⣬ûΧŮЩΪƵòô
һȴΪ˵ĹС
Ȼδ֣һ˫˫ϵ۾ȴƺ޲ýƤһ㡣
ȴ˿⣬ǵ§ųƣȫЩĿ⡣
磬磡
ʱʸܷܷϤȻԶԶĴȻΧв˵Ծɱһ
ƶǹȥ
ţ
΢΢һЦǴų˻ʸܷܷǰ
Һǧɽһξ룬ȻԽԽ˳³ֱӷɹȥ֮⣬¾˸˶һܼȥ
ܷܷƽǲаɷô
ŻʸܷܷԼߵƽ첻ЩüΪ֮⣬Ȼûмκһʸҵˡ
һ˵ԳԸ֮˲ԵˣɻʸǱ߲˵ҪæĻܸòֻûʸܷܷһɣ


1528 ޼ң
ʻƽڨڨһЦʸܷܷСħŮȴƲƲ죬ĵôѵͲԸ⿴ߺߣҺƽרأ
ţ
üëһƽæ͵磬֪ǻʸүүܷܷģܷܷһ𣡺ٺ١
˹
һƽǼǵģʸѾˣܷܷΧûоһ̫ע⣡
Ŷ
ȻĵͷʸܷܷʱһƺĻʮֲ̹λܷܷħŮıµ죬ȻҲôϡ
ܷܷħŮȻѾҪɼˣȴͬСŮûʲôÿ죬ȥҲ죡
ң֮ĹϵҲȥôࡣ
磬ֹأ
ƽ˶ֵζľҲͼԹģŵǱߣ
˵䣬ƽָһ࣬˳ָķȥ濴˶ľͼСڣƺҲǺͻʸܷܷ˵Ƶģֻ˿עĴڣֻҪ΢ϸһ۲ĻȻᷢΧȺҲȷвٶľ֮˵Ĵڡ
֮ǰĵһߵˣʵ㲻̫ǿֻ˵ȴеƫϵˮƽҲΪ˷ֹѪ»ô˻Ը֡
ϾһʼԼңΪҵؼң֤ѪµûԼǿʵ
Լأ
üΧ
˶ľͻʸ֮⣬ԼҲ˵Ҫǰæġ
ȻԼԼ̫ϳ쵼֮£Ҳ֮ǰѪϮ飬˵Ԫûлָǲ˰æҲȻκβΪʲôûϵԼ
ܲ⡣
ʱʸܷܷȴǹ˹죬磬үүҺ˵ʲôҪĻֱ˵ǻʸĵ̣Ҫ˾жˣ
ллʸǰ
쵭ȻһЦ۴ܣԵʱˣңεѾȷռƣҲǲһģ
ʲô˼
ĻƽͻʸܷܷЩȻ
Ǻǡ
˵ɻЦЦδͣ˾ȴûʸܷܷ߲ѵüǣأ
Цãܹǰô˵ģ»ʸܷܷҲΪļ֮һˡ
ʲôݣ
ҵλ̫ϳϣǿߣ
˵վ۷һСеһ
λ֮ǰʥ֮ǰʥҲ֮۷̫ϳϣ죬Ҳֻƽ֮
֮У¾ԾһһĽţԴ֮ȴ̺žԵľ⣡
⣬ҲʵеĴ
ʱ䣬ʱӦþںɣʵ
ţЩӴϢûĻǺʱƽͷӦ
˿డ
һߣаЦ
ܷܷһȥлʸûҵĻҪҶ⣬עһȺûʲôֵĵط˵

ʸܷܷ촽΢ţһĨϷʣʲô磬òǿ˶˰ɣ
ǰˣ
ʼӦ
ߣ
һʸܷܷһƽֳȥƽ磬ߣ˵ߺߣƶ㣬߿
ѣ֮ǰƴһкԴ̬ȫ죬쿴ĿЦá
Ҳδ˵ʲôȻףʸܷܷҲһᰴĻȥ졣
ܿ죬ԾֻʣͳˣڶľͼǱߣҲͨ˵һ˵ǺܿĹԹӦŵ
˾٣Եġ̵ְǴҲ᲻ס

Ƕϱ
ͳվȺԶһЩǧɽҲԶһЩʱ򣬺ȴײײļųǽĵգʵ
ǰôˣ
Ťͷȥ˵֮˴ʮ꣬ʵʥأ俴üЩȴǫӣڲЩЦ
ûǴĻԴͳԺǵĿУд˵һ
ŶûʲôֻʶѣڸǶĸҿĽĺܰ
˵ȴһתֵ˵һжʵϣҿֵʵôѵͲôƯϱˣ
ȻδڲʵȴҲʥصܹ׿ġ
УͳƲֻһԻδʥС°ˡ
ע⵽˴˿ƲƳƵ˫ôһḬ̃Ŀ˵֮ʱȻЩĵԼЦݡ˿ֻһЦ滢
ٶһ֣Ǿģ
üëһЦЦĵͲ͸µˣҺһ꣬Ҳûֿܹǣ
Ǻǣֵ⻰ɾʹˣ
кâ˸ȴԾЦݵ˵ɲ֮ĸ鰡Ů˰˭˲һǿʵǿˣҿֵʵһЩѵͲ뾭ԼŬôĹһõ𣿡
ֵԸĻҸô
˵ŻؿڣȻţʮ˲ʥأɱֵ˵ҲӦҪǿϲٰɣ˵ҿ޼ҵĴ٣ֻҪֵԸŸɣ籣֤һõǰ̣
ʮ˲ʥأ
˵ʱǫ飬ȴԵҫ
ϹȣȴǺЦѣͬʱҲ˵һ֪
޼ңǻʸĸӹ
˵޼Ҽ޵ǻʸʸʱԴӻʸΪ֮޵֧±㴴޼ңԺ޼лʸ֧֣չҲ˳˳ˮ̶ʱڱѾǳΪΪĴڡ
˵֮ˣӦþ޼ҵĴүˡ
ԭ޼Ҵү޴簡
졮ȡǡֵС۲ʶ޴統棬Сܹһ£
ԭֵҲҵţҵҵ
ЦѣǫĻӦüȴ˵Եá
˿̣Ҳ죬һȵӣΪ⡣
Լ˶޷ʵͼȻôڣ˵ԼԳ˼ֻҪӦɵĻʱ΢һԼչʾһûеԽѵǸ˶
Ψһһȱ¾ǣ˶Ǵ֮ˡ
ҲҪôݣô˵ģǲǴҲ޹شţ޴үҲҪȢΪޣֻѣȨǵСȥǣ
٣ҪСҸɣܸЩʲôƺȤʵ
Ķȥˣ
ļû˸ղŵֹǫ飬Ȼѵ˵ֻҪңұ֤ĺģʱС޶ܵǴûܹӣô


1529 ǰ
̫ۡˣ
ƺıĻסˣ۾ЩŹ⣬漴ȴԥŵ٣СܲԸ㣬Сܼмλˣһûȥ˵˵
˵䣬ע⵽ЩƵּæģֻҪ˵ţһͬģȻСұһȥͶ
ۣǺֵ
Ļ۾ʱһע⵽ʱǹװӣɵԽ֮УļЦǾô˵ˣ
ǣǣ
ͷЦСܾͲˣҺͼȥǱߣҲǿһ۶ѣɲκϣ
У߰ɣ
˰֣ͳ뿪ıӰĿȴڳǰ͹µϣ˫Ҳε¶ޱ̰â
ǣȴûע⵽ԶߵϣǳԭװѾײϸֳ˱ĺ˪ȴǻͷֺõĳ˹ӣӿ±֮͹Ҳ˶ˣΧ̸Ĳ˶׷׶¶˱֮ɫ
Ȼ˵ٱͶԳƶĵǣһǺε̰Ŀųȫ֪޼ߵλĲˣȴҲ׷ٴջ
ǣûǸʱȥλ޼Ҵ
΢ԶһЩͳһߵȺվĨаЦȴԽԡ
磬ʲô
΢΢üʵһ޼Ǹʲôֵõĵط
֪ͦģ
𣬵ҪҲֻܹҵƶ̫Ưˣ
㰡
ƿЦãˣϷˣǼһΪʲôĿģֱԱôĬϡ
˫񣬳ƾͺ޲ýڳֱӲȱ
ˣ˵Ļõģ
֣ųƼȺдʱȴ˾ǧɽ￪һСɽϡ
ȴѾۼʮˣΪ׵ĺȻԼҵ̫ϳԼһôҲû뵽ģڶľмڣ̫⹫ľֳ֮Ϊʸϵһؼ̫ϳϡ
ȴ벻ͨˣؼұѪʱ̫ϳںδ
ңһֱûټֱ
ϣǰͳƹ˹ӣʺá
Ͽˣ
칰֣ЦϲǰͬƼɣ
ɲУϿǰСҲһЩѣܲϣ
ЦҡҡͷҲûǿ󣬵ĿҲԽһЩ
ʱȴڱϵû뵽ϻǵƺѲĶˣ㲻ˣ
ǰˣ
첻ǷǷǰ鷱æ࣬Ȼ֪ҵ˼
СڹĨǵأ
ЦЦǹؼҵɣ֪Ͽɷһ䣿
ǰˣ
Цһ£ǵȷЩȤȻ֪ǰΪλΪؼҵ̫ϳϣȻǰôݣ֪ؼұѪ֮ʱǰںδ
˵ȲѵĲ֣ܳϿţ˵
첢δڣ鶼ûбһ¡
ڼˣҲǿЦһ£㰡ôεġһĳƢ
磡
ʱҲԱ˵Ȼλǰô˵϶ĿԵģҲˣ
Ҳգ
ڰ֣ǲٶԡ
ϧȴûע⵽ںͳ໥˵һ񣡲ֻߵͬû
֮䵽ʲôΪ֪ܣҲֻǲˡ

Դ˵ټʵݶΪصڣȻȷıʾվߣȡʱ顣
˵Ҳһ¡
ϧлЩڵĸ
תۣһʱȥͳƾСɽû߿ǧɽŰľ룬Ҳû̫עߣһֱڶϣҲ˵ʱвҹʱ䡣
ɫһ䣬оĺȻ仯
·ǰǧɽĿУһĿռӣȴѰĿռͬΪ˵УǧɽϵֲۿɼٶȱÿήڲһСʱʱУǧɽѾΪһɽҲû֮ǰⰻȻ
ң˾̾ǣЩήҶľǿٵĻ촷Ʈɢ·ǧ֮ãûһ
ԭĻɽȴһɫС粻ڽһСʱʱУǷ׷γޱȵĲԼֻݣԭƵһٴγֳһƬ⣬ôҿĿɿڴ˵κλ
ʱ˿̣֮⣬ûκδܹˣ
һʱ䣬ЩǰÿһСʱչֳֻ֮⣬κһжԵúǳմ˭ҲŻ鷢
Ӧþʱǰˣ
Ƕֻ̾ѵĵ治ǿƿʱʱ鰡̣ڴʱչֵ쾡£
ʱ顭
߶֣һƬȣڶʱ˼֡
һĨâǸ𣬲¶ۼڽһͬʱףȻʲôһ
һУͬûб˷֡
ʱ鼴֪ϣǰкοʵ
Ƕİţ
˵Ǵжȡʱ飬㾡ܰűǣ
ǰ˵ĲҲͷΧʮԼ֮ȻЩԸȴҲΥ
ɲԼҵ̫ϳô򵥣Ѫһ¶ԼҵԽǿʢЩ
˵ڵԼҲһ飬ûκһܹȵϡ
ĻԼҵоͬʥּһ㣬û˸Υ
ǾȰҲͻʸ壬ľ˵ˣ˵
Ҳͷκ
ǰǧɽ仯һСʱΪޣıãһжãΧԽԽ֣һҲԹʱϢ˿϶ʱ嶯Ҳǰδе͡
ܹʱڶԵ֮ʱȻóôöԷ˲ϣôǺΣ
˵ս޲ʤȷռޱȵƣɱԼʵһЩĵˣҲԲڻ£
ҹȻأ˵עȴɷǧɽϣһ˫˫۾Եôȣ޲ھͳȥǰʱռΪС
Ȼ賿ʱֵ֮ʣʸոһ˿ʱ򣬱ʱ˵ȲˣһλĳǧɽС


1530 
һ˵ľٶ˲˲˵ĳ嶯
ţһ˷׷׳ǧɽȥʩչֶΣֻգۼ䣬ϰ˳С
Ǻǡ
һĻȴЦˡ
ô򵥱Խʱõ֣ʱҲܱ֮ΪеڶصĴˡ
ȻһȻֻˡ
ϹʱڣԶһЩʱУֻҲ˫֮˵Ϊˡ
֮ǰķԸľ壬ʸ壬ԼߵԼҵȵ˶ûһ嶯ģ֤ܿ˵жôȷ
ǧɽУȥٶ˲ͣסʲô谭һ㣬޷ٽһ
쿴Щôˣ
ҲҪȥΪ̫Եȴǧɽǣһһ˲䳹״סˡ
Щȥİٶˣһ弱ٱϣԷɿٶţϵļëȵʧڲӵʱǳΪһ߾ɭãЩҲǲϻ촷Ʈɢûһ㷴֮ıʧ˵֮С
һĻôҿ֣һͫжʱĻ٣ȫȻޱߵĿ־ȡ
û˸ǰһУ
ٶˣڲʮӵʱһĩû¡
ʱɰһСʱת䣬ЩȴҲû취
һʱ䣬ǧɽΧȫҲû˸ἰȽȥʱˣ
еĿ־壬Ѿʱռ
㿴ңģҲκζ
ƶƺҲ֪һĻ쳯ʵ

ʻ죬ЦȻ룬ղתҲ˵ЩȻֲͬʱ£ʲô𣿡
Ҳǹ
ͷҲûٶʣȴûע⵽΢һӡ
ϣǸúʱֲʣԱʵ
Ķҵģ
ٴȷʵ֮䣬ںԥͬʱͷ
ǾͶһ
΢΢𣬻ΧЩǣԵԼ࣬ȥΪãңʱ鲻ǻûгʲô
а취ȡʱ𣿡ʵ
ţ
ôԣŤͷȥע⵽΢΢üǰǺ⣿ҶϤĸоҲҶҪΪǹ̽ҵˣ
Ǻǡ
ȫûнϣЦЦϲػɣֻʰˣ
ϣˣ
ʼ磬ü֮ȴһɲŭɫ
һ죬ֽһȴҲδٶ˵ʲô
ʱһһĹȥΪ֮ǰǰٶ˵ĲΧҲκγ嶯֮٣ֻؿǧɽĻתһֱȵʴԶһյʱ򣬴ҲźȻ֣ǧɽһոµ£Ҳû֮ǰǰıá
˿̣˵Ķᵽɤ۶ԵֽڴǱ־ѹƵĳ嶯Ҳ𽥸գЩ˶ĦȭƣٴγǧɽƣֻһܰϧԼҲĻٴη֮ǰǰٶ˵ǰ֮
ܿ죬ʱ伴ƽʱ֣ȵĽ˿أڳ˵עɽǰǧɽϣ
֮ǰϢʵĻʱ̣Ҳʱʽʱ䣡ʱ
̧ͷ߿գȻ𽥱ƽ۾΢΢â˸
ף˿ʮƽһʱʱʽĻضһѪɱ¾Ϊ֮һʱ飬½Щһ˻ʧȥ
˿Ҳڳ˼
һʱ鲻е飬˵壬һʱĲ֪úַȥȡ
ڶԽԽ࣬ȥˣü򣡶ô˵Ĵڣ˭ָұ֤ʱ
Ͼʱ˵֮
һĻԼҲֻȥǿˣ
񣬶˵ʱǹ֮˶ͬһͷϵգڸһһʱţһ϶Գ˼ڴֽŶΧ˵ľ裬ֱ
ڣͷϷʱҲζʱ̵ˣ
ৡ
˲䣬˵ĿȫˢˢǰǧɽϣһĦȭƣѾó˸ԵڴʱʽͬʱȴҲܵˡ
û˲ʱȱĳȻһȷѪ꣡
¡¡¡¡
˵ĽŹעУǧɽȻضɽҡڶޱȵٳΧӣǿѹ˲չʹòʵԵ͵Ƿ׷ɫ˲䡭
ȴδˣһ˫˫ȵ۾ǧɽƺѾˡҲһҪʱ֡˼
۾Ծţ߳ƣڣԼʮԼ֮ҲԵΪ
ʱĳȻ򵥰
Σúܶ˲ˣ
ңӦûؼʱ򣡡ӿ˵
ɲǣǧɽϵֲٴα
̵ƣ֮ǰһСʱ仯һεĹ˵ȴͬӰһķ
ٶȼ죬գۼԿֲﱻݻ٣ȴٴΣһĻȷͬӰ棬ûκͣЪ
˿̣ԭЩ嶯ٴΰ˲٣˭Ҳǰٶ˲ҵ·
ף
һ̣ȴǺһﲿλ߿Ӿͬһʱ䣬ܿƵת
ĽɫľɫˮɫĺɫĻɫټϿռ鶼ˣȻȥûʲô仯ɵﲿλȴֳʹâ໥ںϵΣ
ҪǣƺоǰǧɽĺڴʱҪȥĳ嶯
Χôˣȴǽֳ嶯ܿѹһЩȥ
ȻˣϸֳֹŹֱ飬ǱԵĳƵ˿
ˣʱˣ
ģڽһ˲ȻȺв֪˭һ
ǧɽıöȻͣסֲҲ˲ƽУǧɽжȻһɫ˲ֱɢ˵ľУǧɽȫ
ͬʱڳ˶ֹĸо·ǵɫʱ䳤һκ˵ԴĶ᳹ʧ˵ʬˣ¾һʬ֫£
һʱ䣬ǳİɫԼȻ׹ֵǧɽһľ
ˢ
ţһȭͷСӻһصЩӵİ׹գʵ˷׷ס˺
֪ڴ˿̣ʱʽˣ


1531 ʱ
ʱ飬ĳˣ
·ǧɽĲѾֵֹͣİ׹Ҳʱգڳ˵ĿȫţȻʱֵ׼
ʱ֮ǰǰٶ˵ĹΣ嶯ͬʱȴҲٴóȻȥȻʲôΣգһͷм
һȴڳ˼Ϊԥľأ
һ棬ʱԼõȡҴӴ˴뿪Ѱһȫĵطգʱȫɹ鼺á
˵紫ǰ㣬ƾʱ齫ȫ룬ʱò˶ãվ۷壬Ϊ˾Ĵڡ
һ棬ȴҲѡ
Ͼղǰٶ˵ǰ֮һ޴ľʾûԸԼȥ̽ΣգӦʱ䶼ûбʧ䣬ʱڶûˣ
ʱĳÿһ˵жޱȵռܶ˶ٳٵվԭأδκξٶ
ҵģҵģ
ȻһȺը쿪еӰǧɽϿգԾŵʱ˹ȥ
ٶȼ죬գ۱㵽
Ҳһʱ俴˴ʥصʵǼΪˡ
ৡ
ƽĺˮжһʯͷ˲Ϊ˵ľٶڳ˵ĳ嶯ôҶʱĿ˲
ţһӰ󣬼˷Ѹٵĳʱڵλñƽ
ңȴûг֮ǰЩҹ飬һֱЩ˳׿ʱ飬ҳȥ֮ʣܵһжûκα仯·ղǰٶ˵ֻΪǰɵĶѣʱѾʽȻȻҲܷЩ״ˡ
ҵģʱҵ
һץסʱģǸղŵһֵʥ֮ˡ
õֺ˷ܲѣܿȴɫ䣬Ϊ˷ĹѾϮ
ʱ˵˲ˣǸκηӦĻᶼûС
ֹƣͬһ಻ϣһ˫˫ȵĿţ׼ȷ˵Ƕеʱ飡
֮࣬ʱȴֻһţҪȡǺεȼѵ¶
ء
ϡ
˼æԼĳǺԥļٻ裬ʥصʵ˲ȫչֳ
Ȼν϶ҧ󣬿¾ʥʵˣô˵ͬʱҲ޷ֿ
Ȼ֮º˵ĳֱӴݻ٣˾ֱ³һѪܵĹȴδ糱ӿ㳯Ϯе˻ǰ·ȫ
ۡ
ɲǼ䣬ֿǳУѪ֧ŵĴӰճ·׹ȥеʱҲ˱׿һ𽥷Զ
׷
ҵģʱҵģ
˭Һ
ɲǼ䣬ûȥܸղʥ֮˵׷׽ѵĳʱķ׷ȥ
˸ղ˵ľٶҶһЩܵʱִݲУڵǴ˵ҲֻҪСΧǱǣ
ʱջ󣬿Ѿòٵȴ
ΪıƴҲֵõģ
һĽԼõͬʱҲΧ˵İΧгɹǲζԼڶʱ۷
ΪҲĿʼƴˣ
ء
䡭
׷ʱͬʱһս֮չ
΢ǰһЩˣΪһ𹥻Ŀꡣ
ڶ̶ʱУǧɽоͷ·һѪƵģؿֲ֫ϱ۲Ϸ׷ɣμֱԵòҲѡ
˵õʱ飬һ̱̤᳹ľأ
ĺọ̀
վߣǰһУɵ̾
ˣ
ڵ˵ЩΪʱ飬ȫǲһУҲֵΪǸе
磬ʲôʱ֣Ƴʵ
ٵһɣ
ۣڶֵĲһЩ嶯֮ѣ󲿷ֶŹ˼ߣҲһǸأͿ˭̵ܹסˣҡ
ˣȻһ˸ŵâȴתǧɽȥǹճһаȵĻߣЦңʱôôױȡ
ţ
ڶἰĻˣɵڳ˵Ŀ׷׳ȥһΪ⡣
ʱ鲻ʽ
ĪлʲôǶ֪أ
ƺڽһĿǧɽ׷𣬵ҷɵʱ飬ƺ뵽ʲôǣҲ¶һĨΪصЦݡ
ǰ̴̶̵һСʱʱУʮ˱Χвüʥ֮ˣʱĹȥҲԽԽ˼ᣬһʻҲ֮ʧǲҲ̶ã
ûжͬطеĶľ߻ʸǣûеõ֮ǰҲǾԲᶯģ
ʱ飬ȷҲżɸҪȴٳ֮ǰǵĽҪǸΥ˼ķԸõʱ飬ȥ֮Ҳص̷
ʱʹܣȻô󣬵ڼ۷УҲûκεİ֮
ܹĶǸĸӢҲԲΪ᲻һԼʱ飬ȴΥķԸ
һ㣬ӹɣ
վǧɽ￪СɽϣЩӳ֮ⷽУƽṴճĨаЦԵøΪǡ
ܿ죬һʱôȥǧɽϾһȫѪɵѪ£գȥٵطɢŸֲ֫ϱۣеѪϢǴ̱ǲѡ
һֱʱ֣ǿеĴûκͣµ˼
ʱ飬ȴûбκһȡҲֻǱõУ˱ܵԸָǿƣĺܿ죬ҲͬʱҲʱ±֮
ʱ־޴ջУ¼ô˵Ĳʣµȴûκξʹȥ˼
ΪһֱƴҲģ
ҹĻ𽥴٣ҹĻȴԴҸ첻ʲôӰ죬ǼûͣĴɼţɱ¾ɣҹƺҲ˲˸ĵӣñԹ۵˶ʱʱĶ飬ҲЩսԽңӵĲҲ̶á
磬ô죿
ü΢ĵٲֵĻ˵Ļᱻߣʱ鲻˵ԣԼҪѡˣǡ
ȳԷɣ
˵ȴ˰֣Ц
Է
Ļڳ֮˾һ
ʱ˼ʱأ㻹Է
׻˵úãǸ֣һٲԶûţ
ЦȻʵ첻Է㲻ʲôڸ֮ٲ˵ģ
˵䣬ѾӴָó˲׼õĿ⣬ַˣʮԼ֮ҲУҲԹԵĳţʱʱһǰǧɽķаЦɡ


1532 ţǿߣ
Ϊ޼ҵ޴үԼĿǡ
ܹĸף޼Ҽ޵Ҳȷ˵ĵط
ʮʥأȻ۷˵㲻ʲôУѾǷǳˡ
ο޼ҲеȼѣҸΪǣ޼ǻʸĸӹȻҪĻ޵ǻʸĻ׽֮ˣ
ˣ޼ôЩչ˳˳ˮ
˶ǿڻʸϣûк޼ȥʲôҲûйѹ޼ʵߵλ
ˣ
һǰڲɱΣغȵһϣүʱ飡
ǣ
Ķʮ˷׷ӦŵЩ˵ʵֶʥиʥأ˵޼ҽ߳ɵʵˡ
Ҳ˵޼ҶʱȷЩڱص֮⡣
ڣķԸЩ˱һϿУΪģʮ˷࣬һ·ϵ˶ᱻǿƸ룬˻˶ɥȴûһ˻κε
˷޼Ϊĳ֣ȴ˲˵ĺ䶯
޼УҲȷźܴ޼Ҵү˵˾֪Ҳкܶ˼ģ
ܿ죬Ƕʮ˵Ļ£ѾʱԱߣΧ˵ע£һץ㽫ʱץС
ৡ
һ˲䣬ǶʮγһԲȦڡ
Ƕˣ
õʱ飬ȴδ뿪ǻ˻ʱ֣ŵĵ޼ҴүǸһӣ޼Ҷк񱨣
ƾʲôƾʲôͷǵʱ飿
ʱ˲ʵغ
أ
Ȼڴ˲䣬ֻһâϮ޷֮˲䣬âֱಿλôһոջ㳹ʧ䡣
ôͱү˵
мĿ˳·׹ȥʬһۣ漴ΧԾŵ˵ʶȤһ㣬Ȼɱֱүǲʱ飬޼Ҫˣ
һϣһ޼Ѳɣǻǵģ
ǣֻҪõʱ飬ò˶þͿѹ޼ңʲô
һϰ尡
ȺһĻ𣬶ʱΧ޼˷׷׽ҪӶʱ˼
һʱ䣬Ⱥ𼤰Ⱥ糱ӿӿ
Ȼ޼ҵȷƽʱҲȷԶԴɼ壬ϵʱĹ˭Ըʱ޼أ
ʱ˭ȥʲô޼ңʲô޼Ҵүģ
ԽʱУͱߵĶʮ˱ĺУǶʮʵߵʥأ͵Ҳʥأô˵ΧĬϵǣҲ˿ʲô̫Ļң໥УóǵĲ˽ɱ
˵ʱˣڵƽĿԶô
һñԿԴΪˣһʱ飬һֲϵָΧЩˣੲݵţģֱŵ˼㣬˲ݡ
ŵСӣʱ鲻øϷΣ
ʱΧϰ˲ԽŵʱһмֲϵԶԶһ£ü԰׵ƾնվ˵ĸߴЩӸ֮⡣
ϼһôĿүõĶƾʲôҪ㣿Ϊʹͺ˲𣿡
ͷм˿ĭЦүͿϵϲģôˣʲô㣿ץʱԼҿĹأС֮ĵطûУ
һŰСӣ
ĻȴŭЦȻӸ߿Ʈ䣬˿̣ȴΧļ޼֮˳
Ϸ
ǼʵȻʥ򣬿ȴߵһУʲôɵֿľϮǸκηӦǿѪķܵȺС
ɱǣ
֪˭һǼ׹֮ȴǵȴǸǿĹƣ⼸˸޷ʲô֣ǽһʬ嶼û£һ֮ʬҪӲһЩ
ɱ˺ɱ֮
˭ǸղɱôأֵԼˣҲֲˣ
עĿȴЩںǼ֮󣬼ƽߡ
Ǵʱ˿ʵǷĻ²Ǹİ׳أ
硭
ҲЩȣߺİûм
ʵȴóƶЩľ֮Ҳϣ
˵
첻ɫҡҡͷҲٶʣǰȥ
ʱѾԣȻҲΧʣµʮ޼ʥ֮˵İΧȦС
¾˭
ʥ֮˽رλ޼Ҵү޼ʸϵƣϣ̧ܹ֣
ŻϷ𣿡
˵ĻЦеģһ˫ȴżΪĺâ
ʸʸϷҪʱ飬Ҳˣ
ߵĻҲ֮ĵʱ飬ȻϷ򲻽޼ҶϺ󣡡
ϼһôĿ
ӹǱŭĲûָߵıŭϲģҪǸҶүһëүһ֮أ

⻰ŭЦЦԪӿ׵壬ֻɫףѪ̲סĺˣüѪֱ˳
ү
״Щ޼֮˷׷׼ˣôʹ࣬ȴҲæãһ¶ߡ
ʥ֮ˣҲֻľ־嵽˼㡣

Ц˾ǱýˣߵĿǿħһҲҿ
ʱȴѾѪӼֱҲ̶ãûһ㻹֮Ǳ֡
²Ҫʱ𣿺ãǸ㣡
һʥ֮æڣнʱùȥһס
߼ˣʱֹסЦʱڣǿƻǣȴ˸źâ˫ȴǼȥղС˵ҪϷ֮أ
ǣҶϷ֣Ϸǣ
˵䣬һӣƱץסӣǰȥ
ү
Щ޼֮˼ɫ˲䣬ʥ֮˸һҧͬʱץȥ
Ϸ
߼״Ҳûʲôʥ֮˱Ǳ˲ɣκεֿıصĺ˵ϣһƬһ
òϣʱֳʵȷ̫ǿˣڳ˼𺳡
һУѪֹȴǿ־嵽˼㣬˲ϵʹ࣬ģûһ֮ǰŵӡ


1533 ߵɱ¾
ŲѣȴͬɥȮƵģľ޴תΧ˼ΪݣЩ޼ҵʥҲҡͷ
ԼүδҲ̫ųˡ
һĻҲЩЦϸһ룬û֮ǰֳ̬Ҳڴôķ
ģ뵽Ϸˣ
ǲϿͷǲмɱȴû˿ϷѾû˵Ҫ֮صĻˣϷǲȫ㣬̫ʧˣ
ңң
Ҳˣ
ͷڴ˷ĻУǿͷ
ſҼү
޼ҵЩʥ׷׳ȲѣôЩľٶݱϾ
νʳ֮»֮ǣǣ
ܲĿԼүɱɣ
ôҲϷֶΣƳһЩˣЦ
Ѿõʱ飬βʹ˰֣
޼ҶȻԸ¸м㣬л
·ҼүҲٲ£¼£
Щʥ׷׳ٲ¡ĸֵʱв˶׷Ц˳
ʮܱ˵ٲ£ôЩһʮô죿
ѵǻڳ
Щ˿ɲο˷Ŀ󣬱ϣߡ
ӸղߵĳǾһҲ֣ûеԸѡʹȥҲڴ˵ضƬ̡
ɣϲû
ҪϷ򲻷أ
Щˣ֮ǰһ䡣
޼Ȼֻеȼ壬ȴʸϵãϣ²Ҫǣ
ǸһУҵȾƴҲҪֽֽ̣
ʱ˵ģȴǴ··ʥء
ɫأȴֳ԰ףоߵǿҲ
òϣĵѾƴ˼
ôĿ죬ϷҪ޼кα£
£߱Ͽٵĵ˼£Ǽһʱһȫӡת֮⣬طҲܶ
ţһֱӳʥ֮ǰ
ã
ʵҲ˲ӦȻȴܿռ䶼˵ʹ˲ˣһܣֻؿݵֱ֣ǵĲϡ
СӣϷһ̣
ߵĻ˵ĲȻһѵκη֮ıŤ˲һӣʱһǿϯʥص˲仯촷Ʈɢ˷׷ѪҺ֮⣬
һĻڳ˲һ
ǿʥذ֮ҲǾԵĸˡ
ȴɱ׹һ㣬׼ȷ˵ɱ׹Ҫף˳ױһȫʬû£
壬ôɫѿ˼㡣
ֵˣ
ŤŤӣĿ⳯ʣµ޼ʥ֮ȥ
ӣЩ˸оıһ㣬һ巢ϺѪɫԡ
ৡ
߿ٵĻ˼֣ǲʮ˱ͬʱըѣѪɢ䣬ûһĿܡ
̶ֳȵɱ¾է಻ѣһߵĿƿħ˸ǿٵĴͷ߶ӣΨһȥıԼ
ȫȴʮĿղŷһС
ȴκεĲ̣Ψп־壡
ЩˣֻҪԼܹסͿԡ
Ȼܹ
ǿԣŶ޶

ϣʶ𣿡ͬüͷ壬ʵ
ߵʵȷǿӦأ
ҪĻ޼Щ˵ɱ¾ͺݽһ㣬ע⵽ɱ֮һĨ˷ܣƺʲôɱϷƵģûһĸ
ʻһĨɻƺЩӡӦǺҲͬʱڵϼһһʱ侹벻
磬ϵĻжʤʣڱʵ
һһɣ
˼һӦӦռһЩƣϾʵȷҸǿ
һʱ񲻾͡
һȴЦŰڰֵİɣûô򵥣ȻɱԣȴҲ˺µĲҶ֣ңҸ˵˴ʱĳϼһԲֹôһ
Ŷ
⻰΢һȴԵ˵ĲûĻΧȺѾкüϼһˣ֮û֣Ҳڵȴʵĳʱѣ
ϼһҪʱ뿪ĻЩҲǶȻͬģ
˵㲻ٶԡ
ͳȴǶһۣͬżء
ʱĳ˶ǿߣʱȷڱصãԶ˵ЩԽҲζŶԽ࣬ȡʱĿҲԽС
ʱǧɽϿգ߲δȶ֣ǻΧˣĵڣʱϷУϷһŽ±ǣ
иղŵЩɱ¾ټֳʵĻº˵Ⱥоһ˻ӦʵԵһЩĸЩκˣΨֱ߶ϡ
תۣһӹȥѾ˻Ӧ
ȻηֳĿֲʵҪô뿪ǴҲδЩ̫ġ

ʱߺЦ
̺ԪΪĴѸٵȺ֮УЩ˷׷Ѫһæס˶䣬ɼȴ޷ֹĴ룬˶ÿѪѡ
վڰ￪⣬ҲʮʮԼ֮Ȼʥ򣬿ȴҲڴ˿ԵüΪǱ
״ڣԼͬʱ֣ʮ˴ЦĥнѳɼˣǵɫҲǱò԰ײѣһĶ߸޾Ŀ־֮ġ
ЦʮӣΧɵʵԵ֮˱ÿѪûһֿ֮
ʣµȻ΢һЩԾѪ޲УôҶߵʵһεʶ
ȻһɲǼ䣬һӰȻڰУЩϵıŮȻ𣬡ɱˣĪ㻹뽫ôȫŪɣ
˵֮һϸˣգȥͺͨ˲࣬Ϻһ
ϷɱɱʲôʱҪŽѵˣ
ȻͣЦȴԾɱʮ˵
Ȼûнλϸ˷УһһĽţȴǲ¶ۼĿһĨء
ɱţ
˿̣˶Իȴ΢Ƭ̧̣ףɫ΢ݵ룬֪˭ˣ


1534 ɱ򸾣Ѫȱ
ĻǷ׷׽עתƵϣȻȻֵϸˣԼ֮ǰôѪɱ¾ߣҲ˿С
ϣǵʲô˰΢΢üʵ
ûǴĻӦһԷ򸾣
иֳһĨأе̣Ů÷ȴ˳֮Ϊɱ򸾣
ɱ򸾣
һʶ˵Ϊİ
ɱ񡭡
֣ٿԿһЩԷɱ˵ӣֲøղݽ̬أɱ۾գһ¡
ͣǷ򸾶˶һҪһЩ˵ȻǷ򸾣ƺ໥Щңһ򶼿߶Էͬղ֡ɱߡšĳƺһ
ֻҪ˽ȴ֪ԷһǳӲȣƽŸָˣںܶ෽涼ȫԷһǵһضһ
˶ȫƣּΪжʤö٣û˵ܹ֮ģ
ɱ֣ȷǶǺܺõ
ԣǶɫ΢䡣
ȴǶ˶٣Ƴһ޼˽ʣµˣɵ̾ҡҡͷ޼ҵȷҪˣ
Īǣɱ޼ôˣ׼ȥ޼Ҳɣʵ
ֿܣ
ʼ磬ûܹǵЩʲôҼǵú֮ǰһΣΪиĵǣһ¹ǸȴֱǸ֣һҹ֮Ǹȫһڶû£

ٴɫ䣬Ҳδ̫ˣаٻҪаԺܶడ
˭˵أ
ףԸţ¾ûǵǣֻҪˣǸʲô˼޹˼
ⶼǺöǰˣ
̾ԭΪ綼Ѿˣȴû뵽ʱĳǽ˳ЩȥǲûһɱǷ񣡡
ôɱˣͲ⵽Ǵ𣿡ü
Ǵ
⻰ЦǴĻѪЩ˲Ĳ𣿶ңǶԷƺΪܵӰ죬ɵԸ仯һֱɱĵǺֹȴһֱһ˿֪գ³Լ֮⣬ûе֪
ˣһ٣żܹȷǣƺɱԽ࣬ʵҲԽ죡
ɱԽ࣬ʵԽǿ
һɫ䣬Ƕû˵Ĺ
ƺЩʲô׶ˣǷ򸾶֮⣬Ӧ˿֪˵

һʱ䣬˳Ĭ
˿̣ߺϸѾߵһ𣬶ǸڵϿͷĵͷѪûж࿴һۡ
ɱʱøң÷ϸ˵
㣿ţԴˮˣϷòõֵģƾʲô㣿̵ߵ
ƾʲô˵ƾʲô÷ϸһۣҪǸҲңô㣿
ţΪ㲻ɣҵҪЩչʲôջ񣡡ߵ۵
һʱ䣬ɱ໥۾ԷϵҲǷӿһಫƣͿһǷ򸾵ӣһ
ƵıƴȴΧˡ
Ǻ޹˼ɵѸ˷ӿȥڳÿһ˶ĽˣЩʵϵ͵ǸֱӿѪһֱ嵽˼㡣
̶̲ӵʱ䣬ߺ÷ϸΪĵķԲ֮ڣǳһƬĿհ׵ش
ռ䶼ƱѹһأΨɱĿԡ
һף
˶Ϊ˻ΪʱʱȴĿڵ
һף
˻ȴߵʮֲ⣬ЦŽ͵ֵô˵ǻ϶ǲģû´Ļǽ͸һɱ˱ˣ
ɱ˱ԣ
һĿȴȻ˼֣Ȼĸ²⡣
ȻڽĲһӣ÷ϸȴߵɱҲҰϹ
ʲôҵģѵһŲɣ
ߺԥػص漴˱Ϭһͬʱתȥɱʮ㡣
ôˣǾͰϹʮʱ䣬˭ɱĸ࣬ʱ͹˭Σ÷ϸ˵
ãʼ
ߵͷȴȳǰȺг˹ȥת˲УֻҺͬʱ˱Ȼʬ塭
ɱˣ
÷ϸ˼״ȴǺü۵ŭһͬʱȴǳȺչѪɱ¾
ͻһĻΧɫ˲䣬ڲʮ˵ΣôҸǿ־֣Щеʥ֮ˣҲȫǵһ֮Уֻܲϵˡ
ܣ
Щ˵룬ɱɱǽǸԵʵȫչ˳ûһ֮⣡
һӣϰ˱ɱ
ӣнˣ֮֮ǰ㷭
ʱУֻȺһǰİûһɱ˷򸾵һ֮С
ʱԭɢһЩѪϢҲԽŨվڰ￪⣬Ҳܹĸоִ̱Ѫȵ
ɱɱɱ
ɱ򸾵ɱ¾ŷ񣬼һֻһһ˵ûһ㻹֮¾ȫԸĵֿȴҲ赲ǵѪɱ¾
ЩѪɱ¾ͬʱȴɱ򸾺һķЦ
ȶԣΧȴǻҲΪʱЩӶԷĴңڴʱһɢɳһ㣬˸˻ǿŽ֮⣬˸ӸԾɡ
ΪԼϧʵԵ͵һЩ˻СŮƳƣ
˾ٶȴԽɱɱķȫûһ֮ġ
˷ӣвǧ˲ɱٶôҶľս俴ɱ˿ûдͣµ˼üͷ塭
磬ûʸͶľ˶ɣȻվԶһЩҪǳʲô⣬ǡ
ã֪ͨǣ
ͷ漴ʸܷܷľͼ˺ܿͷʾף漴к˷׷׳߸˹
ңΧҵǲûǵľٶҲǺ˳վǴҶ΢һ
ŷӣʮӹȥ
ߺ÷ϸͬʱס֣ܵǸָȱȫʬ壬Ѫȵһ㣬ʣµɫ԰ֽ߼һĻʱ򣬾̲סֱ˳
ʮӣֱǾ޴ĥ
»ˣҲľƣ˶ɱޱȵĿ־壬˵Ƕˣǧɽûж١


1535 ˮΣ֣
˺ǿºʦɣ
ȺУȴһ԰ɫɴŮӣɱʮӵѪɱ¾֮΢΢Щ˵ͷϸǺˮ
ҲŬĺˣΨԼΪɱ򸾵Ŀꡣ
ʵҲʥ۷壬ʼնоԼ򲻹ͻԲŵõʦ
ʱϢʦҲ˵һŻԥѡǧɽΪһĿĵء
ȴû룬Ȼô̬ʲôʮɱ˱ԣ
ܵܣ㵽ĶأҲĻҿ¾Ҫˣ
ŮӿЦѣиֳһĨԹ
ûܹ֮ΪܵܵģҲֻһˣˮʦǸˣ
֮ǰˮ˴һصĵطȥʵõͻͽȻѾﵽʥ۷壬Ҳ֮ǰԣʼ޷ٽһټʱϢ򴫿õ˵Żǧɽߡ
ֻϧˮȺУվھݴ˰￪СɽϣΪ̫ԵʣǲŶûзֶԷ
ʱˮʣµһµĴѪʮڻһЩҡ
ţɱ˶٣
ͣɱ¾ɱٴһ˿ûнЩѪηС
һǧٶʮ߸
÷ϸ˵ȴüͷһ壬ɣ
ô
÷ϸЦɱò᲻Լɱٰɣ
ƨϷʲôʱˣ߰ɫüëһ
ǾͱҶˣ
÷ϸ⻰ȴǲɫһʵ˵㵽ɱ˶ٸ
Ҳûб࣡
ȴҡҡͷǲʵӡ
ɱʲô˼
÷ϸ۾һɣĪҪ˵ɱһһǧٶʮ߸
ţ
߿Цŵͷ
Ȼȷɱ飬ƳԷˮȴӲѡ
Ƿ򸾶˶ˣɱٱǶ٣Լһ
һʮӵѪȱ񲻾ͳƽ֣
ɱڸô㣿÷ϸʵ
˵أ
ûĵҾͲˣŶȲƽ֣ѵ´λƽ֣
˵Ǽ÷ϸһӳʣµǴȥǿʲôɿڵʳһɢŨľâ
û
ߵͷôˣ㹻Ǳϼεģţò˰ɣ
ƨһɱͼ
ãôϹؿʼ
ߵĻ£÷ϸȴȶˣٴƿµһѪʮ֡
ɱ֮٣ΧһŭѣǷ·𱻵׸ĸ
֪ܹҶʱͼǣ˵߳ɵ˶˲СʵƽյҲǸˣ׸Ĵǲŭ
ȻŭͬʱȴҲͬޱߵĿ־壡
Ͼɱ򸾸ղŵѪɱ¾ȷǽǵʵչֵ쾡¡
ʮӣܹɱǧˣǺεʵεɱЧʣ
һΣˮҲһ˵ľٶŪЩס
һƽ֣ȻҪڶΣֱǳͷβݽķӰ
һӣӣӡ
ӹȥвǧ˲ɱУȫͬйһ㣬ҲΪǰʮƽֵĴ̼˳ָѸͣÿһεĶֶкüˣüʮ˵μֱҲ̶á
ˮȴǺܿΪ÷ϸ˵Ŀꡣ
Űɫɴ棬кܶصһ
ټ֮ˮʵʥأȻտʼʱȷԶһЩ÷ϸ˵ɱ¾ˮҲ˲Ϻˣͬʱϵ˸Ⱥдò˵ǰȴԽ÷ϸ˵ע⡭
ԹŹֵϸˣŮ̵ֲ˼
Ȼˮסݣǰ͹µģȴյ
һҲԽ÷ϸ˶ɱ
ã
оһ˫ɱĿԼϣˮ̧۱÷ϸ˵Ŀϣڶһˮʱ˲䡭
ܣ
÷ϸɱкâ˸ոһ㽫ǰʮȫߣٳˮڵλñƽ
˿̣ˮȻչٷˣȴܹ÷ϸ˵Ķ֣
ֻգۼ䣬÷ϸ˱ѾƽˮһڣŨɱУ÷ϸֳצ㳯ˮͷץȥ
һץܵĿռ֮ǽˮ˸ܵĵ·ȫ˶Ʊӡסһһָͷּѣ˵ȥʲôõĵֿˡ
ôٽ
ˮף޷ֻֿĿǿݵצԼȽ
ɣıץסʥصʵҲӲˣ
εıĽëᶶٲȻһӡ
ȻʱһϤȻڶ𣬡ˮ㣬ôô𣿡
ˢ
ˮһ͵˫ۣһ˲䣬Ȼءһ÷ϸ˾Ǳ˿ȥ֮ʣЦݵӳˮǰ
Ҫǣ÷ܷܷϸϣˮɹĴȺзɳԶ⧲±һЩ÷ϸˡ
һֺֻħһˮһҪ컳вվס
΢죬ļԼղһ˲Σĳ֣ˮĶͬС¹ײмŮ緶ˮ˿ȴͬСŮƵģֱǰˡ
ˮ㣬û°ɣɿסˮϸ֣ʵ
ûû£
ˮعæҡͷϵĺ
㲻Ǹȥôᡭ
Ҫȥʱ򣬺ǰ÷ϸŭСӣôĹ
ܵܣģ
ˮżٳϮ÷ϸˣǲɵֵǰľٶ
ʶΪҲ˵ˮеĵλ
ɣˮ㣬ȥƶǱߣ
ȴ΢΢һЦٴסˮϸͳȥ˲ˮľУܿ˳ߡ
ʱаľ룬ٳȥҲˡ
ˮ㣬ģ粻µģ
ҲæˮסЦӯӯĵ
ǣƶãܵ
ˮôܲģ
÷ϸ˵ʵôǿ󣬾һǿߣŶ󰡣ʮôܻ̫ŵĶ֣
İɣ
һЦˮ֣޲óȥȡ֮ӣȴǲڿЦһ£ԼôôŮԵˮ㣬Ѿˡ
ңҪǣˮȻλ̵ͽܣ


1536 սɱ򸾣ı磡
أ
ӭϮ÷ϸˣ۾һУȴǲ˷Ļȭֱӭ˹ȥ
һ˲伱ٷˣĲӣͬһ㣬Щ˿ֱһϣһüΡ
Сӣе㱾£
÷ϸ۾һȴɱ
ȻǸŮˣôҾͰʬ
Ծ֮£÷ϸкȻһһУ˸ޱĺâܵĿռ¶ȶ½˱һʹΧ˷׷׽˼ȴô˻ἱٺ󳷣ǴĹͷʱһЩ
ʬΣ
ϸ˵Ļȴǲһһӣǧýֶ֮ҲҪǸ£
Сӿ
ϸԣȴǱ̼ŭһ˫Ϊŭͨ졣
ৡ
Ѹٻ裬һֲĵâϮܿռĲҪֱĶƵġ
ϡ
Ȼȴͬ趯еǧýʮֿ׼ȷĽЩâȫסûжȥκӰ졣
Сӣɱ㣬÷߻кĿȥ
÷ϸŭ
÷ߣѾܾûἰ֮ǰҲ˵̫ǵá
ȴҲòϣϸ˵ӣʫġ÷ߡ֣ôҲӵеġ
ৡ
÷ϣֳУ˽֮֮ǰ͵ƺɱǷ׷˿ϰ֮ңΨֱ꼰㡣
˿Ҳɫ΢ݣܹо÷ߵǿھϣ֮ҪǿһЩҲ˿С֮⡣
ӭ÷ߣһǳǧýչսһ𡭡
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ֽ֮ڶ˵Ŀɿڴ֮У÷ʱϣʱµĴͣûܹǵ׼ȷӰ˵ֱ˭ռϷˡ
Ȼ˴ĳ֣ȴΧ˴ȥ˼𺳡
÷֮ǰչֳʵΧǸûһһ֮У˼ս¾첻УҲò죡
ţôôһëͷСӶʰˣ
һԣȴҲǷɱ¾˵Ķվ˼սĲԶЦЦ˵ҪҪ㣿
ɱҼסˣɱСˣ
ߵĻ÷߽һĺһ䣬漴ȴǼӴ˹ƣܵѹҲǿ١
ۣҵ㣡
ߴЦѣĿȴȻ˼֣ëͷСӾȻҲʵĪڵô𣿡
أ
÷߶˽ٶԽԽ죬ٲȻѾ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȡ
ֲĽΧ˲òٴ˺һЩѾʱ鱧κϣټ֮ɱ򸾸ղŵѪɱ¾òٵ˸Ͻô˻˳ȥ
ʱΧ˱˽֮һԭͷܶĻҲǱ΢ɢһЩ
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սУȻһȣһ޴ĽâֱϮܾŶƲƣ˲Ȼƽ÷ǰ
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÷߼ˣȴезʵʰĺâǱ޴â໥÷ЩмУǻһĨаЦֺȵ
䣡䡭
ʱ䣬ŶƺȻըѣĺ죬ܿռ
Ϊʵ˿Ƶıը˺ü֮࣬÷߶Ĳ̫ӣ⧲֮ȴһγ˴
ৡ
÷μбըλ÷ɳȻ㼰ʱȴҲŪΪǱ
ϣ˺ЩѪۣ·Ҳ˲١
֮ǰɱ֮ʱ⣬ʱ÷ȴƵġ
š
һĻɫ˲䣬ԥǰȥ÷ߣţû°ɣ

÷һѽƿ۳û£ɱƨ£
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£߱ԭʧٴγֵʱѾǰȭͷ޾Ӻȥ
أ
ɫһ䣬ȴæָ񵲡
ɲֻһɾϮֱܹ۵Ĺ֮ӸǽˣһԻɾĳһȴתľ飬ٻָ
ͬʱȴǸûиʲô̫ʱ䣬˵ʱҲǾֱϣ͸ղʹ˲ơ
ɱСҵģ
÷ߴһǴϮȥ߲òԺһȭȴҲԴߵĹʱѡ
ţʲôôӵۡ
˵ˣСҵģҪɱ÷߲ʾĵ۵
ⲻʶôţۣǾͿ˭ɱ
ŭ죬˭ɱʱ͹˭
ãͱ
÷û˿ԥıӦ漴ͬʱŤͷȥ˫Ŀжޱɱ⣬ԼԶԷľ衭
ৡ
˺ԥһ໥ƴȭţһϮȥ
ʱȴЩЦá
ʲôʱа죬Ȼ˱˱ƴĿˣ
ȻԼҲòϣҪ˵ɱˣκһ˵ʵʵҪǿһЩղ䲻ĻҲܸ÷ߴȥʲô˺
ȻҲ໥Թɴ󲿷ֵĹȴԾָ죬첻òȫڿȴûһ㻹ֵĻᣡ
սˣ쾹˵˾״
ʱƺҲоĲһԹ󣬾ǲԼͬѡȫֶԸ졭
Сӣ
˼ͬʱһܿռ伤ҲռѷӣʱһâϮǽΧȫռҲ⡣
ôɱң
ǰʥأһ̱ڡ
ƣ
оǿҵΣƽ۶Ȼһȣ֮ͷ˳ֱܿռķҲǶȻԭʧЩâʧȥĿ꣬ȴҲǼǰϮȥ
һǱ󲻵׵ǳױˡ

һҺҪ󷽷ˣٶʲôã
ֻգۼ䣬㱻ЩâֱӴһѪѪеһҺУʧȥ׹أٲȻѾһʬ塣
һĻò˿Ŀ࣬ǼҲɫ쵽˼㡣
Ҳδ̫һЩɣ


1537 ͻȻȥ޵ŭ
ûɱ򸾵Ĺκһͣ٣˵ɱǣҲûнλ޼ҴүУڣͺˣħûʲô
ৡ
˲ƶ㿪Щâ֮Ҳ˲㳯ٴϮȥٶȽ֮ղŸ˲١
ֲƣһ̾ɣ·Ƭضܲסһ㣬оһǿҵΣ
ǧýϽƣԪУչֳΪȻĺâ
һһεĻУЩâƶһ̶ƿ֮ٳɱӭȥȴûԭͣ룬˸ѾͬƵģΧǸʵ
ϡ
һڶܿռǲѡ
ɱ򸾸ȫ֣ȫǽ쵱ʱıȶڶֵͬʱ໥ҲڲϵӰŶԷɱеƺһֱͣƵġ
ңȻǷ򸾣ȴԶԷûκ֣ü໥ܵʮּʱǶ˶ˡ
߰ѣ˿Ŀɿڴ
ڵԼɱˣͬΪ໥ӵһ
ʱߺ÷һ໥УһչĹƣʱһҪ죬ΨһûгֵıκһֶԸһˡ
˼ĹսҲѣյϵǵĺۼ
ټٶȼԵʣԼǶ˲յ¯࣬ͷ·ȣڳ˸ֱ治ڵ׼ȷټ˵ּܹ֮Ҵˡ
ʱһһĹȥҲ֪׹ȥ˶ã֮ļսԽȻ˿Ҳɫ˼㣬϶˲ٵѪۣҵɱ򸾶˻໥赲ԷһȴҲǸ첻ٵĻʱ䣬Ȼϵƻüؼ֡
ȴҲףôȥ˼˹˵ĻΣա
Ͼɱ򸾳ѾãǵʵɲѰܹȵ˵ġ
¾˻Ҳʤǿʵ򸾵ĹֻҪʱٳһЩҲضԵ׽⡭
ƴˣ
ۣ˸â
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Уľ£Ǻԥĳɱ򸾶˼Ϯȥ
νӻƣĹϮУƬڸķһ㣬չֳޱȿֲϢ
еֶΣСӣҪ
÷һĨɱкԥϮӿУڳ˸оһֺƷĵı
һߣ߲δԣֻһ󣬱˫Ȼӿޱȿ񱩵ƣſռ֮ĲƣҪһ㣬˳ڳɫĽˣǿѹͳԳܡ
䣡
캳صĺȻʹƬغݺݲ˺ü£
ֲԽսΪĳܼӣʹҲǲϵɢûܹʲôеãԼȥоϮڰ˺üſס
÷ߵУ˿Ҳǹâ΢һЩĳɹ·ɻصУȻĲС
ȴվԭضҲδΨһ˫ƻǵڣȴâƣЩĳȴƺûиȥκ˺ǿʵɡ
ۣȴ΢ԥһº͵ٴڿգգۼƷΪģܵӿ·֮ĿУ·ɱ򸾶˼ֶȥ
ţɫǿƿڡ
ת֮ת죡
ת֮תգ
һʱ·Ƭռֻʣһˣְһе̬֮
Ҳһ˲䣬ɱ򸾶ԭɱȴǱޱȵȻȡ˶һۣȻԭʧٴγֵʱѾȥǰ
ȻΪɱ򸾻ǿƳֵ˲䣬˾һĻˡ
еĹƾɱ򸾾ֱƿնȥûκλ
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һʱ䣬˶סˡ
㿴ңģ֪׷ʲô
ôǿˣղŻĵ˵Ҫɱ죬תۼͺȻ˲뿪һ׶ûС
ʱΧˣ￪ĳƵҲеĲ벻⡣
죬ҲЩɻɱ뿪ķֻ˭Ҳûע⵽ɱ뿪֮һĨ

˭˭ɱҵĶӣ
׼صǱߵʱȴǶȻһŭöʮӰԶٶΪ֮ŭѣһ˫۾ϵĴΧƻ緢ŭһ㡣
˵ò֮ǰмƣټΧ˵ĵ̸˵ݣĸף޼Ҽ޵顣
޵ʥصʵټȫʥһչֳƣȴڳ֮һ˶Щļ¡
֮ǰټ޵飬ǸӶȻ޼еʥȫ˹Ҳòϣ޼Ȼһеȼ壬ʵȴΪףҲѹܹ֮ôˡ
˭ɱҵĶӣ
޵һ֣չֳΪԵơ
漴Ŀȴϡ
ΪڴʱʬΧԲ֮ڣҲֻһˡ
Сӣ𣿡
޵鿴½ʬúĳʵ
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ҡҡͷĻһ󣬱Ҫ뿪
𣿡
޵һ֣ʱ˽ס
Сӣ㣬㵹˵˵˭
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⻰޵ɥ֮ʹ죬ȴͷЦ޼ôµģɱ᣿ôĿ
Сӣ
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ĻǴʮʮʥҲ֮ŭĿӣ˿ûΧ˹Ŀ⡣
޼ҼȻһûӵļһ
Ц治֪ôΪʸ˵ģԴȫˮ𣿡
Сӣ㡭
ǳĻ޵ŭ棬Ļ
øСӣ죬Ҿ㣡
˵䣬޵ֱһ֣ȵҶ֣ɱ
ǣ
ʮʥӦŵ漴ΪƲԵʣȻֻһʥص˳
Щʥ࣬ʵߵĳ޵ʥ֮⣬ȴֻʥضѣˣʵȴǵ˲ֹһ
񣬿΢ɢʥ֮˻߳ӣǹճһĨаȵĻߡ


1538 һܱ
һʥأûзСΪᣬҲͬޱ죬ߵǰ˵ûóƺһʱϣ
Сӣô
˿˵ǲм
ɣ
ʼ磬ȫûһ⣬ΨǵаЦ
ãҾѡһ֣ð˫˫ȫϣЩҲѪô
ܲҺϲ
ãҾͳȫ㣡
˲Цˣӣƺ޵Ǳߵ˶ǱƵˣϧȴûע⵽ΧǺǹ顣
ܹɱ򸾴ƽɫ죬ʥܹԸģ
Ϊ޼ƽȷŰˣټϸղ޵ֻǵ̬ûһԸȥǣʱĴҶһ¶˿ϷЦݡ
ৡ
ɱһʱ֡
ٶȻ쿴úţ࣬㶼Զȥȴδվԭصһָͷ˼ûС
СӣǸ׳գ
˺˳ץסұۣչ¶Цݡ
϶ȻЦȴ˲佩סΪ˲ôұ۾˿δ˵ֱӳˡ
㡭
ƺоʲôɫҪˣɾһ˲䣬ȫƵģ·嶼һҲ޷
ףôˣ㲻˵ҪŪҵ˫˫㵹ǿ찡˵Ϸʡ
㣬ҡ
ͷǺˮϵҪȴʼ޷óһְֵ
Ȼǻɣ
аЦղ˵ԼҲӦúϲɣ
аЦʥ֮ȴ˫ͫž֣ҪڣҪҡͷһȴ޷
һɲǼ䣬ҲûʲôץֶȻնϣѪʱȪӿʹŤƫƫһ仰˵
ৡ
ţԼ˫ȶȫնϣκη֮ɲǣ˱ͬѪһصĵ˵ϣʱķҲȫ˷һ˺ѷεʹ
Ŷˣ
۾һУ˻֣˵ıӺ˫Ҳͬʱֱеֱҵ˼㡣
Сӣס֣
һĻ޵˿Ŀѣȴûһ㣬аЦż⻹һ㣡ŵ
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ҴʱϵаЦһǺ亹ֱðޱߵľ⡣
޵ЩˣһǸΪԼˣȴڷŭͬʱҲһǿҵĿ־壬·һӵ߳ħ
һʱ䣬涼úǰ
޵һƫƫղѪֶΣȴǸϴȥ˾޴ĳøղŻޱŵ˿һ˴ĳ嶯
ôιȥˣ
ҡҡͷ漴̧۳޵Щȥ
һЩɨĿⶨ޵ϣаЦɵĵ޼ղ˵Ҫɱң
˵ģ
޵о˵Ŀ⣬һСӣ㲻ɱҶ֣ղɱҵ£㣬ҵ½
һϣ
޵ȵ
ղı֣޵ԿƲ磬Ҳ˲ʲô˶۸ˡʮʥһ֣޵黹ľͲܹӦˣ
ʱ޵ԸЩҲҳɣ޵˵ǿҲܻһֵĶ֣
Ҫ˶۸ˣ
߳ĶʮˣǽԼΧм䣬аЦ
Сӣ
Ƕʮ˼ͬʱ֣ʮֲĹ˲չ֣һ㳯Ϯ
ֵĹΧ˿Ĳɫ΢䣬ǹҲ޷ܡ
ȴվԭضҲδûб仯һ¡
ۿԼĹϣǶʮҲЦЦǴʱղ˵Ĺȫ֮𣬿¾ʥصҲӲ
䡭
ֲĺΧ̳˵ȫȻס浽Ǹʲô
뵽ղı֣ǶʮȴҷɣǱ̳ڵǰ
ȿȡ
˼ӣĿͻȻ𣬱̳ɢȥ֮ʱչ˳
ܣⲻܣ
ͬһʱ䣬ڼɲǣǶʮɫ䣬һһľȫǲš
ʱ죬ûһ仯Ҫ˵ˣϵ·ûһ𣬶ЩƮɵ̳ҲͬûմȾ
ͷ·ղôǿĹǶȥһ
⡭
޵ˣҲ˫ͫһһε𾪡
Ҳɱң
аЦѣжȻâһֵ˰ɣ
ãǿˣ޵ɫ˲䣬æ
ˣ˵𣿡
Цһ£һϮǶʮ˸ûκηӦվǵһȭһŵĺƵģһһĽء
ӵʱ䣬ڵϵЩˣ˻ܹϰ֮⣬Ҳûκεս֮
ĻУ˲ǱЩ˵ĲҺ
һʱ䣬˿ĿⶼøΪ죬һĽͷȥӡ
죬ǻһŤŤͷӳ޵ȥЦô޼׼Թɱ𣿡
飬Ƕʮ˿ûܻҲ쿴޼ʸϵķݶϣ
Ļע⵽ƵЦݣ޵ɫһ䣬ɷŷһУʥصʵȻҲûܹȫ޵ɵ˲٣
޵Щڣ
֪ڣͲȥ죬Ҫģȴû뾭ǻӡ
Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
޵ȭͷûʮİգȻͳȥֱˡ
ţ޴ԴĽˮ˰ɣ
Цղ˭һ˵Ҫɱҵģں˵ţóҩˣ
㡭
ĳ޵òУȴܳ嶯
òϣ޵֮ǰһʮֱ硭
Щ£Ǳɱ򸾶ɱֻʣһ޵ȻûбȫһȴҲʧȥսǲ࣬Ҳ治ǸӰ


1539 һɱ
һʱ䣬ǧɽǰĻٴΰһЩ
˸ղǶʮ˵İ֮⣬ֻʣΧΧʱʱĵ̸޵ȴ໥ţԵЩ졭
޵˫ԾŷŭĻ棬죬սȭͷָԾɺ޲
˵ȴϴ֮ǰаЦԵ쳣ɣһûн޵ӡ
̬ȣ޵˵һ衣
֮ǰڵλʸ֮ʱߵʸΪ޵뿪޼Ժ󣬴ûһ˸
СӣһҪ
޵ҧŭȡ˿־壬һغ
ãҵţ
ʼ磬Եôɡ

һַ·ǴӲƵģɲǼ޵һӣһ˸ɫĳ֣֮溮â˸ɫǽϢչš
޵ıΪ𻢣
˵𻢵뿪ʸʱ򣬻ʸԴӻʸؿѡ͸ģ绢ХԴ˼ľѹνʮǿ
Ѱʱ򣬽𻢵һ£ɼ޵ϲ
𻢵һ޵ղŻЩȻƶȻ·һƵģ³һޱȿ񱩵ƣ
Сӣ
ŭһ޵ǳŽ𻢵˹ȥĵӰܸһͬʵʰĻХ
˭һأ
о޵ɱƲƲȴûκ˺ֱӭϣʱȴûлǧý
ƾôһ˫ƣ˲޵սһ𡭡
ء
ϡ
Ʒɣǽ𻢵ĲϽӴУ
޵ʱ֣Ҳо˼ѹ֮
ûʹãѹȴ޵ɫ䣬ԭɱһαеľȡ˲١
ԴӴ޼Ȼõ˻ʸٵİæȴҲ˺ܶսȻȴûһ˻ڵǰ㣬ôԵѹ
һʱ䣬ڼսУ޵ȴһ˿ȴ˼
˵ǰ޵Ϊ˱ʸһУڵѾϰ޼ƿؼһеӣв֮ǰ˲٣
ֱһ㣬ˣ
ԣ޵ʥصʵȴΪʵ޷ȫӣָҴɱһƴʸӣźܴĲͬ
￪СɽϣʸܷܷüζҪȥȴƽǻʸˣȻһɫΪӣûеõʸܷܷķԸ֮ǰҲǾκġ
޵飬ʸܷܷİҪƺΪһүүҲĳ
ǰСʱ򣬻ʸܷܷҲȥ޼ˣ޵Ӧĳ󣬻ʸܷܷȴǷ޵ĺʵҲĿĵģĿľܹûʸ޼Ҹչˡ
ʱһ𽥶˵ĻʸܷܷǱҪҲͲȥ޼ҡ
֮⻹оǸˣȻҲҪʸܷܷƺһ壬ɳԺÿڱĿⶼЩаԣûʸܷܷԽϲ
Իʸܷܷ˵޵ҲԼˣ޵ӣܹ
֪ʵ޵İΣôܲģ
ƽźȰ˵Ļʸܷܷ޵˶ֵʱ򣬾Ѿֱӳȥˡ

ͻȻ䣬޵һƺߣӦ㱻һƻУߵķһ㵹ɶɳʮſסΣʱеǱ𻢵ϵɫâȴҲ˲١
һĻ˵ֻҪ۾˶ܿȻ޵˾Ե·硣
ʱȻƲûʲôѪۣϢȴһЩĲ԰ֽǾɡ
Сӣ㣬㵽ʲôˣ
סκ޵Ķ죬ʵ
ôʲô˶֪Ҫɱң
ЦѣȴǺâ˸޴ұҪ㣬˰ɣϲľǽΣնɱҡУ
ң
о˿ɢɱ޵ɫһ䣬ȵ֪ʲôˣ
㣿㲻޼Ҽ𣿡
ЦĪǣ㻹ʲôݣ
СӣҸ㣬ҿǡ
޵Ҫ׼˵ʲôȴ͵ϣ޼˵Щ𣿼ȻɱңҲûʲô˵ģ˭ɱ˭ɣ
£ʱϣգ۱޵ǰ˫ͫУֱӻȭͷԴȥ
أ
޵ɫ˲䣬æָ̧񵲡ϾʥأʵӦҲò˵ȷܿ졣
ǲ
Ȼһ˲䣬һѵȻ޵Һһֱ̧۳׶ϵͬʱηٳȥͷΪʹǺˮ䡭
һ֮£ϵۡ
Ȼлȷ͵ϮɣǿƵֶΣȴҲڳ˷׷׵һ
޵ݣɲ޼Ҽô򵥣
һ㣬򼸺˲֪
쾹ȻҶѸ͵ĳ֣ڴҿǷˣѵͲ»ʸΪ޵
Сӣ㡭
֣ʹ޵ޱŤ
ʲôң޴Ǽɣ
ааһЦϡ
Ҳ
޵龪Ųѣʱ˫ͫǾ⣬ȫûκٴγֵ뷨ֻԲϵ˸жܡ
ɼˣʩչ£ܹˣ
ৡ
μ˸ͬһ㣬Χ˿ۻҡ
ȻûмӣһȻ޵ʹѣ˲ֹס漴ұҲֱӴϣվǶ˫Ѿȫϣȴûк֮ǰһ˳ֻҪһЩʱ仹ָܹ
ȻڴҹעĶ޵ͬɥ֮Ȯһ㱻ᣬȫûһ㻹֮
޴ôڻɱ𣿡Ҳûż֣Цʵ
Сӣ㣬ҵţ
޵ҧ˵һļ֮أ
ôΪҵļˣҾ㲻ɱҲǲеˣ
컺ǰһ޵ƽɱ
޵ȴˣΪģɫǲ԰ֽһѪɫԡ
޴ôˣ
Цѡ
ңҡ
޵죬ȴͻأһʣת˲Ѿʧʱ޵ȴһҲֳһĨЦݡ
ֹȴδ֡
ⲻ޵Ϣѡ
ҪһˣþҪϺ϶˫ش
޵飬ѾɱԽӯ
޴ȣŲ֮ǰҿϺܶΣаЦ
㣬㲻ɱңɱң
ոոֵЦ˲ȥ޵ٴˣǾ塣
Ŷɱ㣿
ȻƽǹճһĨаȵĻߣǡһɱɣ


1540 ʸ޵ı
˵֮ʱаЦǳ
޵ȴǱɫױòѣ˶Դ
Ϊʸʸ֮Ĺϵ˵߼ˣڻʸ֮еЩСǣҲһǳһ뿪ʸѾܾãÿһ궼ȥʸذݷãϵһֱܲ
У˶ͬмӣ
һ޵鱾ʵһȴҲǿڻʸϡ
ֻǣû֪޵뿪ʸ֮󵽵׾ЩʲôʵȻôٵʥأѾǳ۷ĺܶˡ
򾳽ֻһԼָ߸ϵϰվãҲԽԼ˲
ν丸ӣνᣬ޵黹Ǻǰڻʸߵӣôֶӣ
ʱĻ޵ŭŸղĳ֣ʱڳ־壬иղϢķڿ־ͬʱȴҲЩϣ
ϾԮ˿ɲ򵥣
޵Ͳˣˣ컹ôţ
㵽ʲôˣ
޵ʱ䣬ʶȴһӣǿŷŭҧ֮ǰɲһЩ
ô˭֪ȻҪɱȫң
ȴЦһ£޴ЩǸ߸ϰ˰ɣ
ߣ
޵һ˵Сӣ־ͱţ޵գȫҲһҪᣡұ֤ıҸң

ЩЦѣ浱޵ʲôΪ޼޵˲ɣҸ޵飬̴֮ȥ޼ȫҵҪ˭ͷ
ӣ
޵鱻ŵɫף˫ĿһĶ죬Сӣһֶұ󱲣
ˡ
ƲƲ죬ֵͱʱˣΪɵӣ
£޵˫ͫһͬʱȴѾǧýǽŵȻ⣬ԪĹ£һ˲Χ¶½٣Ǳ˵޵ʱҲǲһ
޵飬
һȣǧýʱһ漴޵ĲϮȥ

޵鼱æˣϾųԽ˺ܶ˵ʵķӦҲν죬ȻǿɱУѾ־Ҳ޷ȻѣƲ˺Ķܹһ̱㱻ǧýֱӻһ
ʱҲʩչٱƽɫ˼㣬в޵ɱ㲻֮ͣ⡣
һ̣ڳ˶׷ס˺
ȻۿǧýеɲǣһȻԶļٴϣ֣
춯Ϊ֮һͣ޵֮󣬱ǻҵɫʱһϲæɱз˿ȥ
ৡ
ţʮδ˲Ƹ֣Ϊ׵ĺȻǻʸļʸ
ү
ʸĳ֣޵鼱æȥߡ
ү޵һֱԻʸĳƺδĹֱ񣬿Ҳֻһ˲Żôƺʸˡ
ڻʸ󣬳˻ʸ֮⣬ȴǻˡ
ľľʸʸ橡
ǶľͻʸϵĵһľΪľӵӣҲΪǰĸ׶ľ˵ľһλֳżĶ顣
ڻʸ橣ȴǻʸܷܷ׽㣬ʸŮ
ڻʸܷܷСħŮӣʸȴˮʹûмӡԴӼ޵ľ֮ľǶмӣÿÿἰϱľƶҲϲѣľ壬ûвϲʸ橵ģҲǼΪҸһԶˡ
ֻû뵽ľͻʸôŻʸһ
飬ôˣ
޵ӣʸ΢΢ü
үҪ
޵ǱĵҶˣǱǸСɱģҲ֪СǴĶðģʵǳǿҶĶ֣ôˣȫˣ
˵
ʸָʵ޵ͷүһҪ
ʱ֪޵ʸ֮ϵʮʸ֮ˣЩȷûм죬ȴһ¶Ƶĳ˹ȥֻʸһ£Ǳ֡
үү㣬򡭡
ʱӰ￪ȴǼٶʮӰǰıǻʸܷܷԸһεƽٺǳƣľͼ۵ˣԼҵ̫ϳԼڵȴСɽϡ
ܷܷƽ
ʸܷܷƽʸҲ¶Цݡ
ڶľƽŮʸʮ⣬˲ܺôȣǽ֮֮ͬ˶ǿ˲ֹһϧǶǶľҵ׸ǻʸ壬ȻĻʸĲǵһ֮ѡһΪʸļ̳ˡ
С㣬ܷܷС㣬λү
޵Ҳæ֮ǰ֮ʱŰԵ˿̵һƵġ
ߣ
ʸܷܷһղŵһ޼Ҿʮֲʱܸ޵ʲôɫ
⡭
޵黹֪ʲôʱĻʸܷܷѾܵʸߣԼߴߴĽղ޵Ժȫ˵˳Եìͷȫָ޵޵ͷ亹ֱð
飬ܷܷ˵ĶģȻˣҲӦóȻĶ֣ѵڱǷǶ𣿡ʸ޵ȵ
үҡ
޵Ѿ֪ûô˵汻ѵˣڸǶ죬Իʸܷܷ˼Ĳ
ֻǣŻʸ棬ɲʲô¶
үҵĶӣΨһĶ˰ѵ𣬴𣿡޵
ȷɱӣ
ʸָ죬޵ʵ
ǣ
޵صͷһٶȴûʸܷܷһɣ˵ѣ
ܷܷ
ûȻʸܷܷ˵꣬ʸ橱ǽסûʸܷܷʮֲĶ˶Сš
һԼ˫̥ĻҲûٶ˵ʲô
ʸǲɫףŤͷȥЦô˵
ң
ʼ磬ȴǳŻʸǱ߻ȥ˾޵ɫ˲䣬ɿŻʸδҲҶ˵
ڻʸǼȴĿĿԵΪš
ɩӣþò
ȴδһʱشʸǳʸЦЦɩܲ
ϷʵĻʸ橺ӦһԵüΪ˼ȴʸܷܷԵĲͬˮĸо
򵥵һ佻̸ȴ޵ɫ˲һ壬̸е
ҪǣʸλüȻû¶һ˿Ĳ޵š
һʱ䣬޵ԼıˣôҲû뵽Լľȱֺ󣬾ȻΡ


1541 ޵֮
ôɣ
ƺû޵ǱӣʸһЦڵݿɺǰһˣҪɴҽһǰ
𡭡ǧ𣡡
⻰ʱЦѵĽ֣ǰأҲһĩѧѣǽɣҲүүˣ
Ǻǣҿɾռˣ
ʸЦۺ룬˵˵ô죿
֮ʸûжһ䣬ȻǾģ
⻰޵һģûվȡ
ô죿
ٴʼ磬Цʸүүܻ֪ɣλ޴ǲֹһε˵ҪȫأŪҶ֪ôˣ
˵Ҫȫң
ʸôԣʱɫһ
ƽͻʸܷܷȻûʽ飬ٲȻѾһԶˣ֮ʸҲһˡ
޵ҪңǲͬҪǻʸ
۷֦ͬؼұѪɻʣĸ壡޵񲻾͵ͬĴ۷ƣⲻô⣿
޵飬˵ģ
ʸ޵飬˫˸ޱȵľâ
ͬΪʥصʵ˿̵޵ȴȫûһ֮ǰģ
ҡҡ
޵ͷˮѿڣһŴͷȥүǵĴ鲻֪λλүйأˡ
Ǻǣ޼⻰˵ĺð
쵱ЦҺͻʸүүûأҪȫˣһĲ鷳ʸүүȻʸүүᱻ˵һͷ԰ɣ
ͷ
֮ԣڳ˾ǿЦãʸһǻʸܷܷǺ޹˼ɵĴЦŪûʸΡ
޴֪ҽʲôôߵ޵ǰЦʵ
㡭
޵˵δͣôǿʵĴڡ
ҽ죬Ӧ˵ְɣʼ磬ĵ
죿ĸ죿
޵ɫһ䣬æʵ
˿̵ԺһԼԸȥŵͷһʱɫΪҰס
뵽˭ˣ
쵭ļͻʸүү֮ĹϵҲӦö˽һЩ˵˵ɣô
ҡҡ
޵죬ɫ԰ֽһʱ޷˵κλ
죬̫ϳϣаɷ֮ľľƵһеĵһţʵԶԶһˡ
޵Ҳ˵۷̫ϳϴڵˣǿߣܳΪ̫ϳϣ
ôҲ˵Ȼʵ֮ݣ޵ĳģ
ʱͨˣΪʲôܹսʤʥصľԸ֣
½Ϊϣ仰ɲ˵˵ġ
޵ȴһ㲻֮ǰں֮ʱûзӳȫʵɶûС
飬޶ģǾԼȥɣڣȲ㣡
ʸɫӵһ޵飬΢ԥҪ˵ʲô֮ʣȴ䶸
Ҫʲô
ΪվλԵʣ޵ʱץס˻ʸ橣һڴҶûзӦ֮ǰûʸ橲һ󾪺
ƽӵȷˮ֮£ʸôܲţ
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ľҲ˲伱ˣ޵ŭĿӡ
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ˣΧֵҲһ޵ľٶסˡ
ү˼ˣҪ
޵ס˻ʸ橵ĵǿдһЩ˶üΪЩĵҲܵʲôˣ˭Ҳɱң˭У
ſ橣ߣľżĴ
磬˵ſ橣
ľǼˣǿӡ
ã
ף޵飬ֻҪɩӣұ֤ɱ㣡
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Уô򵥵¶𣿡
Ȼ޵ȴҡͷĵҳǱСӱƵģ㵱ҵ¿ͷȻԷΪҲŻȻҴһȥҵҪ˭ֹܹң
Ȼ˻ʸ橵ʵ޵飬ټʥصʵû˸ҾԱ֤˺ʸ橵ǰ½ɱ
ֻҪһ˿ĿԻ˺ʸ橣ҶԲҶ
¿ͷԷΪ
޵Ļڳɫ˲䡣
޵飬ң
ʸҲòС
ʲôˣҵ̫ϳϣ޵˵ЩѾǽ·ȫԼϵ
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Ҫô
ۣ޵飬кâ˸
ΣСӣ㻹ӦĻҾͺСһȥʱҿô죡
޵ǷˣԭץŻʸ橵֣ȴŲĲϣҪͬھƣ
壬ġ
޵鲻һеĿʼסʸ橵ҲԽñӡסĻʸ橸˵
ãҴӦ㣡
һȵ
˻һ޵Ķʱͣ

硭
˷׷ɫ䣬ȴǰ֣ĵİɣԷΪѣ޵飬ô˵㻰
޵飡
£û޵˵ʲôʸȴ͵ŭȵ㻹ûֹ𣿻ס֣
ү㲻Ҫң
޵һʱԻʸľη˿̲ЩĻš
㣿
ʸȵ㵹˵˵˭ģѵ޼ЩЩ飬ұĲɣ鰡飬ԭǿҹϵķݶϣûȥ̫׷ԽԽ֣ѵ˵뿪ʱôӦҵ𣿡
үҡ
޵ԽңʱȴǶȻ۾һУԭضȻʧ޵һ
仯ֻһ˲
޵ǰһѽʸץȥݺһȭֱӳ޵ĸʱӣһѪֱ˳
Сӣɱ㣡
޵Ѫԥĳ˹ȥźͬھ뷨˷ʥصʵޱȷչֿ
飬㰲ĵȥɣ
ʸһĻҡҡͷ̾
ҡ
ʱһ٣޵ĸһѪѪӿҲ˲ֹͣسȥ
ʸˣٶֱӶ޵ĵϳͬʱ࡭
ү
鴤˼£޵鷢ڣͷһĳʧȥ
Դˣ޵黹ûӹˣ


1542 ̬ȴɱ
޵ˣֻʣһ𽥱ʬ塣
ʸһ̾ʮ֮飬ڽճ׶Ͼûʸ겻ѡ
橣ôû°ɣ
ʱҲǽʸ橽˶ľöľֵĲ̽
İɣû£
ʸһЦűӡĵҲ⿪ˣںܺãһ¶ûУ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺã
ľŵ
ˣʬɣ
ʸԸһ䣬ֹοʸ橣Եޱȴ顣
Ȼ޵һ¶ڻʸ˵ʼҲһֱ
ˣʱôˣ
ʸʵȴһ
үү֪ӵġ
ʸܷܷɱ򸾳ֵν˳ûʸɫҲǲһô˵ʱɱУ
ǵأүү
ʸܷܷԴûĵɲ֪ɱ˿ˣһ㶼£ôʮʱ䣬кüǧأң㿴ˮ㣬ֵĻˮ㶼Ҫأ
ˮʸǰˮǷ
ˮ񣡡
ʸ̧̧֣򵥵ĺˮ˵һЩ󣬱ŤͷȥüʱɱУ¼õʲô뷨
Ժ˵ɣ
죬ԵʸүүûУ¿ûô򵥣ʱĳѪµ˾Ȼһûг֣ǲ̫ˣ
ţ⻰ʸüëһ˵ʲôֱ˵ɣ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôָоҡҡͷ

⻰ôҶΪ
ȴֲòϣĵĺе
ˣû¾ͺã
ʸڰ֣ЦȻߵˣпյĻȥ
߻е飬Ҫȥһ͵˵
Ǻã˵ˣȥ㣡
ʸǺһЦҲδ˵ʲôҪȥʲôûжʡ
ܿ죬ұ뿪
ľͼȴǾֱĻȥǱߣΨƽͻʸܷܷһͬȥʸ壬ΧҲɢˣϾʱѾȥ
ȻҶʱ鶼ʮֿɱɱУȴôҸ޷ȥϾǶֳʵž۷Ҳһܹù˵һЩѰˡ
޵飬ֻ˵һĲ
Ȼ޵Ӷ޼Ҳû˼֧šֻҪǾԼʵԵļ¶޼һһȷʸ岻ټշ޼ҵĻºܿ޼ұ᳹˥ܣΪ˶Ҫһεġ

磬ҪȥĶ
ǧɽķΧ뿪ƺֵʵԸŵˮҲһɻ
ǺһЦΪصĵȥˣ
ˣ
ŮԽ⡣
Ǽôģңⲻ˸ϣĪ˻ʲôĵط
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ƻãˮȴָԼıӣԽ졣
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ȻҲЩӦǴŮ˹ڡ
ɣ
컷Χȵ
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ৡ
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ΪϤòˮʱһ飬ôǣ
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ˮ÷УȻȻҲޱȵӡ
ƺ÷ߣμ
˸һ֣ȴûȥˮŭ뾪ֱӳȥ
ǧɽǱߵභ˴ʱȴԵޱȹ˿ûκɱ⡣
ҲǿĿɿڴǡֵĳƺȴиֳһĨ˼ɫ
ˣɣ
̧̧֣Ұɣ
ǣ
˹漴ǽƺ߱ʱ˳ԥ˫ֵݵǰ
ʱ飡
ƺˮŮ첻ѣ벻ͨ⵽ô¡
ʱ飡
һõ֣ое߿ӶӦĽʱڸһֵɲǣû˿ͣٵֱӻһ׹⣬ڣ߿һͬĵﲿλƳһȦܵĻδһ㣬˿ûκε衭
磬⵽ô°ĸ첲ǲʵ
Ҳ֪
ЦҡҡͷǰɣôΪĪʦϹԶ£
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÷ҡͷص²ҲΪ
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΢˿̵ˮ׼ʲôʱƺ÷ȴλԭʧٶʲôʱ䡣
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ֻôһ仰ɽɢȻӡ
ٷˣǽٷˣ
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ѵʲôˮæʵƶĪ֪ʲô
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Ȼȴҡͷûʲô֪ʲôѽ磬ˮ㣬ҲôˣĲ֪
ˣʱѾ֣Ҳض룡
˦˦Դ漴Ҳ߰ɣȥʸأҪûʸүүǵȾˣǲǵʧ𣿡
ܵܣҪһǲȥˣ
ˮԥһ£˵ȥʦ˵飬ҪȻܾúЩԾƵģ
ѽˮ㣬ʲôԾģ
û쿪ڣƱȥˮС֣Ц˵ˣڻȥĻҸұ֤ҲõκϢ˵һֱò׳һˣǲǵúú棿ңγΪѰͻƵڻȥĻǲ˷ѣ
ɡ
ˮԥ
֮˵ǰˮ㣬ƶ˵öԣҲȱȥˣһ߰ɣ
⡭ðɣ
ˮվǴӦܿ죬һͬŻʸطȥһ·ʱ˶ɱ򸾵ɻĵĺǿģƺ˿һ㣬ŪЦã


1543 þɱ¾ϣ
ΪԵʣһ˲δʹ˲ƣǸɽ뿪˱һһһʸȥ
ˣٶҲһ·ǳƺˮŮĵգҲ֪˶˵ע⡣
⣬ȴҲǳе˲˸Ľʺ޵Ŀ⡣
ȻţȴǾЩԾˣܵĻʮֵˣַҷҲһ㣬ֲԾĸоȴʼͷ
ƺˮǰ棬ŮЦڶΧһжû̫ע
ֹȥһɫ΢ݵĸں棬ûһЩ
ƼˣЩɻˮͣȵ߹漴ʵ磬ôˣ
ǰʲô𣿡ˮҲǺɲѡ
ǿΧ
üͷ壬ָΧĻûзЩ쳣ĵط
Ķʲô쳣
ƲƲ죬һׯȻ˵񣬵ȴҲطΪ²٣
ּһʯͷ·ȥʯͷݴԣѹ˺üСݵΣ˿κβԾ֮
ǰûʲô԰
ˮҲ˵漴ȴ뵽ʲôȻ΢䣬԰Щԣ
Ķԣ
Ȳ׷ʣȻЩõĸоһֱ벻Ķ
ܵܣƶǲ̫𣿡
ˮҧҧҼǵò֮ǰǻ·ϾһЩأڲûмһˣ֮⣬һûУ

ˮĻͷһûעЩ
ЩԾ
ҲкâһĪǣǵ壿
԰ɣ
ָۣɲǣһԪֱ·ߣ·ߵһʯͷ㱻촷ۣ̳ƮɣʲôԾĵط
˾Щ΢
ˣǼ߿
벻Եɣֻ΢СһЩŮһǰȥ֮ǰŮֻЦ˿̵ҲǴʮֵľΨֻʲô䡣
ʱһһĹȥܵķ羰ǵǰжϺˣҲûʲôɾǽµ·ƺһֱ߲Ƶģ֪·ľͷںη
ȵȡ
˲ʮӣȻһͣ
磨ܵܣôˣŮפ㣬ɻʵ

ɫصָ·ߣһЩɢҵĳ·ߵһЩݴҲմȾͬĳ
ʲôʲô𣿡
ƺܲ⣬ˮȴоâһֻˣ
Ǹղһǿʯͷĵط
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ô˵䱻ĳ󣿡ƷӦɫĺء
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1544 þɱ¾£
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1545 ССߴѪ
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ԭֻΪʮͷѪɫħ޵ʵȻʥأ
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1546 Ѫ飬շѪ
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1547 ͻʸ壬
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ѩƵһͺУǸȥĻֻܺЩίȱߣóƺˮ˲һЦ
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ء
ѩƹɵͷŪЦá
˺ˣҶҿ
˫ֽѩƾԼǰϸСһû˿仯ӣɵɻ˵СһѪˣʲôɣ
ء
ѩƹɵҡҡͷͨϵټԼļ飬ŷĲ١
Ǻǣͷİɣ
ֽѩ˹ȥЦ˵ѩƵı¿ɴˣò˶ãͿԽѪշ
ء
ѩƿٵĵԴһЩӣͳƿһЦݡ
УȻûˣǾͿȥʸǱ߰ɣ
˰֣Ȱݷ֮ǻҪȥҵѪʹ»ʲô۶ã
ĻƺˮŮȻκ
ƱѩƣˮǱССߴĻУٳǻʸڵɽ˲ƶȥ

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ʸڼʸĴ£νһ飬˿ûκеЩĶǡ
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ѩƣССߴСһȴǲδɱƺˮڻС
ǵһμǵĴڣ»ʸЩȡ
˵Ϲ޵ѩƺСߴˣСɵϾôΪ֮𾪡
ڵСɲǰ֮Ѿ˴Ѫ廹һЩ𣬵˭˵ߵٽһ
ڻУ˻ʸ֮⣬лʸļϣԼʸľʸܷܷƽˡ
ҲУеһЩزҲ⡣
λɲͬˣҪǻʸҶչչ˰ʸЦ˵
ʸүү˵ЦˣôһǷǷ˿ûκεĽ
ȻˣʸЩ߲ɲ˿Сҵ̫ϳϣʵⷽ˵ǶҪƺΪһǰأ
һ֮ڻʸʢ֮£ֳһٺǷʢķˣֶߵһЩزǳԵǲֺ
ֻͳ˵ˮǶΪ衣
֪ˮԶˮңˮҴС֮⣬ÿʼˮʦеȵȣ΢ЦԣδȥͣϾǸ˵飬ܹ鲻̫֪
ȻҲ˵ķԸ£
Σˮʲôݣһˮ㣬κ˶ҶСˡ
󣬻ʸļλϸ뿪ϾǻкܶҪȥ
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ʸүүܰ
һڲ裬Цѡ
˻һӣΪô
ʸۺ룬ЦҶһˣҪǻܣǻϻʲô˼
Ǻǣ˵ǣ
ͷЦǺǵĵҲúõܣǲа
˵ףѪǵĻ
ʸһĨâˣ˵ѪµеѪʹԼѪѪᶼˣǸصѪʹʲôݣ𣿡
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²豭ЦѣĵҲԣһþȥֹʲôͻ䣡
ѪºܲöԸ
ʸһ̾˵Ѫ֮Ի۷֣ΪǵĴ֮
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˻ʸĻڳ˶ɫһࡣ
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ҲûˣҲͲˣ
˵ĺУʸԥֲ¶ۼĴһˮŻԵǻʸĴ֮Ϊ

һ֣ʱԺв׷󣬵һûʵ֮ǰҲʲô϶֮ԡ
ǽ
ʸףһʸԣ
үүǸʲôʲôӰʸܷܷգ۾ʵôûأ
ɵѾͷ㵱Ȼû
ʸЦõ̾̾ʸܷܷĶͷǴвĽУʸżһֱһʮĵطͷӽ֮λȥǾԲģ
ʸүү
ĿڣɫصĳȻҲ֪ѪΪǵ֮һҪúõıܽһѪУ¾ʮջˣ
㾡ܷģ
ʸɫףӦŽĵطֻԼ֪ûҵͬκ˶ȥ
òˣ
ףֻҪѪ޷õͺã
˵ԼҵѾȥˣʸʵ
ţҸ˻
쵹ҲûͳȥѪռ齲˳ҲᵽѪ粵¶ûʸԼΧ˷׷׾̾ѡ
ԭУ
ʸ˴ĴָЦǾȻܹѪռаȫȻţ
ǺǣˣǫӦ
һ˵һǣϾҪĸϻȥֹѪʹڰʹʲôıơ
ڶľƽȴǼǸԵŮˣʸҲԽͳʸأֻ֮ǰǻʸƺЩֹȴҲʲôû˵


1548 ;ϮնɱĻع飡
ӻʸ뿪ʵѾ˰
ѰʱȫǱϢһҹϾǧɽǱ߾˲٣ѪǿռЩɱ¾ҲǶٶЩƣΪץʱع飬Ҳ˲ôˡ
Ҫص򻹵þ˲ƣΪ˸ʱ䣬ҲûȥģľĸָԼԴˮͳһͬ˲ơ
ܿ죬Ǳǽ뵽ķΧ
Ȼһ׼Ϣʱȴͻأɫһ䣬ȻԱָһǿԪ˲ϮǱմһƺߣһӰʱ˳
ʲôˣ
ˣ˭Ϯɱǣ
Ҳһɣ漴ܽȳָ㣬ýʮչֳ
ˮʱҲǽȽ˳ǺȻֵʮˡ

Ȼʮ˷·һûκλش˼ɱӿʱϮȥ
ɱڴʱҹ£ԽԵï}ˡ
ʮʵף͵ľǶʥأǿĺȻѾʥأ˵κһУһָĴڣ
ڣǾȻֹϮȴ첻òɡ
Ѫµˣ
߸ɴѪʹˣ
ʵǿǸʥأĪǾѪʹ
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ŮͷӦŵˮ΢һЩǻȣһһҵĳЩֱӭȥ
սپҵļб䣡ȵ
ף
Ƶͷкâһеȶʱޱǿ˲ǽһʥ֮Ҷϼâֿ֮󣬾ֱ϶һѪѪȪӿʹһ󣬺ܿʧȥһʬ塭
ߣǧý趯֮УĽâ֣һʱ䶢ϵǸʥ֮ˣȴǸʲôӦûѾ׷룬һƬ·Ƕû˵
һ֣˲ȻʣµϮ֮ȴûκӰ죬ǵɫû仯һ£
ΨһģɢȻɱԽԽŨ
ƺڵΨһһͷҪƴһеĽնɱڴˡ
ܿ죬ʣµ˱ǳ׽ͳưΧ
ǵĹʮֹ죬޼Ѱ
˵ȫ·ɼˣ䱾ǿʵǵĹƶޱǿˮЩġ
ĵǣȻǰ˭Ҳұ֤᲻ټе˳֣
ѩƣССߴҳ
ȻҲ뵽һ㣬նɱ˵ڶ֮󣬱ʱˣͬʱΪ˲ƶòѩƣССߴСһ·˳
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ȴЩЦãץԼв붯ѩƣʵСһ㾹Ȼѧ͵ˣ
ء
ѩŤŤСӣм˼
˼˵Щ˻ҳ֣
ССߴӣҲûٶ˵ʲôݺݡһѩƵСӺ󣬱ǽˮУԼһ棬ٴγǧýսš
ˮ㣡ȻһµĳԵģ
ѩƵĽСһ֮ʱĳ˻צӣŪˮЦѡ
ٴμ룬Լһֱĳ֣ټССߴ
ȻϱȶԷ˲٣ȴռޱȵƣ
ء
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ĽâֱϮӣ˶ʱļٷˣȫٱȻʵĲȴҲôҲ޷ɱ
ܣ
ۣ춸Ȼٵӡȵת֮תأ
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ȥ
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𡭡
ʹ಻ٴη޺ʹһ˫Ĵģħһ㣬һԿԡ

ۣȵ
䣡
ɲǣڴΧľŶƺȻըѣſԭӵһըƵģƬؾҲǿΧԲʮ֮ڵһ˲仯촷ۡ
ƣССߴٷˣδܵκӰ졣
ⱬըΧ֮£Ҳû̫ӡ
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ˣ
쿴˿ǰպǧý֣ССߴȥʰʰҪһڣ
ķԸСһԹԵȥˡ
˵Ҳᣬ˵ЩʹģССߴҲǺܿıԣûһ¡
ЩƺЩ򵥰ƺ˵
ţҲоˣһ㶼ˣħޣͷӦ
ԣֵĵط
ü磬Ȼȥ˵
ţߣ
漴˱ٴ̤˻ȥ·һεҲû;жϢһֱʹ˲ƵĺܿصɽķΧ
صǲŷĲ٣ͬûʲôֱͣĽɽصصУ
ˮʵ˵ģǵһߣ
İ׵ȴգòڲΪ֮ĿԴŽģҲҹѯʣֻܸ̾Լϵ޸ȷôҸĽ֡


1549 ԸŵĲ²⣬
صԼıԺ£ûһ֪Ϣļλ̹
𣬴ŭݣĳҲүүԨʱ˴εǧɽ֮żȤ
ҲĽһȫ֪ȻҲɱ򸾵ĳ֣Լʱȡֱֻûʱȥʱ鵽̺ʲôǿܡ
ǰ߿ӵĹɣʱضŷǱѰĸܡ
ռλӰȵȣһôʵҲؽһ̶ȵ
Ҳǽˮһ飬˵ȴֻδᣬҲΪˮֻǶˮҵĴСѣˮȻЩ귢ЩһЩͷţҲݲñС
ˮңڶڿǺųؼµĵһ壡
ôһǽ˵ڶ糿Ը˶㣬һԹԺ뿪úϢ
飬ѣŮȴǴˣ
ҲѾ֪ǵĹ֪һ·϶࣬Ŵڶ˭ǼλȻһʱ䶼ȲˣԵߵʱȴѾ˯ȥˡ
ʱսƣǸûжʱϢһ˯һֱҪʱֲŽոһ۵ʱȴǾñģ̲ס˼Ƿ

漴ϴһЦû˵ʲôһСӱֱѹϣֻһҡ壬һְְ֣֣
СӣԽԽˣȻϷŪְң
ȻǽץڻУС˼£ŪǿֱЦԱߵǼŮҲǿĲһݸ
ףǶ˰
żŮŲõҸЦݡ
һǧɽ֮УѪ֮˾Ȼûвκϣʱȷ޹ء
Ѫ飬ǲһ
˵ѪȡѪ飬ʱ֮ûм׷ɱǣΪľͨѪʶķѪӰôҪãؽһս
һ£ķѪЩ£ò˶ñΪĸ֣
һض롣
磬Ե㶫ɣһûԷˣ
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ЦЦһԺ󣬱齫·ãǵѣӵһ£漴ű˱磬ǣСȥ档
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ԱߣŮЦĿţǹɵĴŵܵһˣ찲ȫҲֳޱȲõЦݡ
ĿУѾ˺ĸͬȣҪ΢һЩĵλ
˭Ͽ˵һֱǸ߳ɳأ
ֱΪ˴һֱ
ˣ磬Ƕˮƶ˵һε
Եòˣȥһ׼õȲ裬һ߸裬һʵʱõ𣿿һʲôɱΪʲôҪأۣʱʲôļܣҪǿ
һĻڣЦãʱѶǺĳȥ
˵ЩһֻܻشһʱȷѾȡ
Цõ˵ģԼ㲻ˣ
˶٣Ҿʹʱչأܲʱĸܣҵģ²ʲôչصʱ䰡
Ϊʲô
ʱӿʵûشǻȻĵŶˣǵѪ°ɣ
磡
ʱȴҲ֮ڵҵѪµ˻᲻ȥԪ½Ǳߣ

էԣ죬ڳ˵ɫΪ֮һݡ
ʱѪµȷûʲô˭֪ڸʲô
ȥ˻Ԫ½ǱߣѪµʵضһȷѪ꣡Ԫ½ɲʵ˲ֹһΡ
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ǡ
Щԥջҧҧ˵磬ˣʦݿɲ򵥣쫷ҽ

ʱɫһ䣬˵ͷϹԶݵʹȻ
쫷Լ֮ѡһĻĲұ֤ͷһѡԼ
ϾǰͬˣͷӲ֪ʱѾ쫷ҽУ˭Ҳִ֪лͷʲôӰ졭
ҸʱȻȥ
ۣ漴˦˦ͷʱ뷨˦Ժ˶ٺˣҲڵʱ䣬Ǳô
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صûϵһΣѪ粶ܰȫһ״ûУ
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һԱߵĳȴǺԵˣ磬֮ǰǲʲô²⣿
ţ
ôԣ첻һҲһɻɫ
˵ǸصѪʹƵ
Ѫʹ
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Ѫ˵Ѫʹݲֽ׶Ҫģ
ǲ侾²֪ʱڰЩʲôֶΣֱǷʤ
ʱȴǺĳĬһЩ
ϴκͳȥѪռѪޣѪǿռĹѪɫħޣǹ;ķУʮʥ֮˷ħްĺȵȣȷһԼԸŵĲ²⡭
²Ըȥ룬Ҳ˵
ģǡ
Цһ£Ժиֳĳǿɢ˦ͷˣȲ˵ˣһʱ䣬ûòҪ뿪أ
ã
ŮҲٶԡ
ˮ죬лҪ˵ջʲôû˵
磡
ʱ˽˵磬ģС㣡
ࣿ
⻰Щ㵣˫УȴٵһĨעľâ
ȥӽɣ
˰ֱ֣Ӵǣţ
ã
ͷܿıǳȥ˹
硭
죬Ǻܲķһۣû˵ʲôǴϵӣ㲻Ӧҵаɷô뵽
Ųأ
ƲƲ죬һ仰ǴյǼŮߣߴߴ˵ͣܵǱ߿ĵˣŪǿЦá
ѾͷǺǰһûûΣȴ΢һ


1550 ټϣطˣ
ˣƺʲôܵǰ˵磬ʦҪأȥһǱߣ
ҹȥ
⻰һʵ˵ʲô¶ô
Ҳ֪أ
಻Ķ˶ţҲʹʦʦ˵ʲôأ˵㾡ȥһ˾ǿ
ã֪ˣ
ͷЦȫԴŸҵģΪʲôҪһˣò͵ɣ
磬㡭
ĻʱԲܲŲأ磬֪۸ңүү˵ˣǶأ
ðɺðɣҴˣ
֡۸ˡı飬æ߾ֵǸ´Цݣǳ콿ɰСǣҲļȥ˵
ˮǼŮĽ£ܿ׽˿κİ
ڣ˭Ҳûע⵽ˮһĨء

ҪԼ඼֪ʲô飬첢С˵һڶԸȥǱߵɽȴʲô˶ûһֱҪһǣҲڡ
ʵﵽ֮˲ƣȻҪʥ֮ʱ˲١
ڵɽȥɽҲ첻һʱʱ䡣
ɽϴȥʱһûмκħ޵ĴڣȻȴҲвٵΪľɽֹ󡭡
ֻϧѰȴ֮ûħޣΪ޹ȵĴڣ
˵ΪүӵĴڣǰɽеħʵȫۼ޹ڣ˵ƺΪŵ˽֮
˽һЩ죬ҲͲʲôֵˣ
ĵѾ֪ɽãǱϽӵ޹ڵռУ
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էһʵȴҲûʲôĵط
޹ȵռУ֮⣬ȴǼϤˡ
ھʢһʱƼĸ
ϴ콫ܽүӴãǽ޹УƼǰĽ飬ϲδɱ֣˼ֱƺıһƵģٴμʱǸ˲ûκεĶ⣬ȫһ˵ӣ֡
ϣνСӹҪʲô鰡ӹĵݹĲˮһڣʵ
ǺǣʵҲʲô£ֻСѰæɴ£һΪƵģ
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ȴüëһЦ˵ЦˣʵǿҲһѧСӶѣʲôæܹأ
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үۺ룬ЦĪǣСѾûǸӣСæ𣿡
ûûںأ
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ʱԹվԱߵĸȴɫ˲䡣
Ϊģ̫ϳϵݣǸΪ֮ˡ
Уֻһ˲֪˲ң
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˵ͷ
һҪչһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʱСѰæչһҪаɷţһֱߣΣү˵

ôԣ΢΢һеأɵʵϣǲǳʲô飿
ǺǣСѿԸӦϲδش𣬶Ǽ׷ʵ
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ԥһ£ջǵͷģʲô飬죡һչ˺
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ڶ
΢һ٣ԥŵС´
˵䣬һ漴ǳһģƣмǺڰɫ֮⣬ǾǲͬɫŵĻ⣬һ֪ȻǷ
ϣǡһ£ʵ
ŵĴ֮
ϻԵһ֮ڻδȥǵĻСѽｻҪ˵Ļ棡

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СӦҡҡͷδ͡
ҡðɣ
ջǴӦϵ¶һĨĵЦݣϿҵԵСѶൣ
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ף漴ȴǵϣˡСðһ䣬ϾҪʲô²Ǳչô򵥰ɣ
Сʣ
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⻰ѾԵͿͣ
СӸǣ
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ҲҴңȥҲҴң޹ڴʱ仹һʱ

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ǰ˿˼νŮ֮֮ܲԣֱǴߴٰʵ磬ʦҪ˵ʲô°ôصģԸ˵أ
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ʱһ漴ܿɫ䣬ֱϢһգڳ˵Ŀⶼȫۼϡ
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鼱æʵףǷ˴£ӵɫ仯
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³ĸ֣漴ζȻԭʧȻʹ˲ơ
Ψһ仰ƮƮĴ˶䣬ȥһ˶Ǿڴ˴Ҫܣ
طˣ
ŮΪ֮һû˵ʲôѾֱ˲ˡ
ҪҪȥ
𣡡
ֹȻǾͲҪȥˣ
ðɡ
ŮҲûһȴɫøΪ˼֡
طһֱڶؼ棬ôȻˣôպѪôˣһʱ䣬ƺҶоЩѹ֣Ծþδ


1551 Ѫʹµ֣
ϵؼڵʱ򣬱Ǽطǲдһƺǿ֣µѪۣһѪ˶ʱַ桭
ȴûκδ򶷵ĺۼһжԵʮȴҲףȴҲĵط
չط磬ϵ䣬Ѫվһԣü΢ɫԵüΪѿ
ʦ֣״ôˣ
쵽ռеĵ
ӡ
Ҳԣطֱǲ̽
ܵ˼ش˵ûһõĵطǶ˺ܶ࣬ﶼήҲ
Ҫǣطйߣÿʲôط΢תһЩʱȥٴƻطƸ޷תԽصơ
ӣˣ
һǽʦĪƵڤԪ˳طȥ
ͬʱͨԪطٵյЧطǲ԰ֽ¸ֳһЩѪɫڵǹȴٴοʼƻطʹĻ亹ֱðֵ촽ҪѪˣȴԾûκʹ
һҲΪ˲ûΪġ
գ
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ȴԾûгȻĲȴûտľĲѣ޲ʹԼ
ڹ˴Űʱң콫طڵǹۼϣһֻƱڲѣһɫ

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գû£
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ѪʱҲ˹ĵû´ĻӦѪʹµ֣
ţ
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ΪȥΧˣȻʱ򣬱Ѿˣ
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ڶ죬ط뿪Żصأطһһ˵ǼŮĲü
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ףҵڻ᲻Ѿ͸ֻǻû
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ôˣƺյأ𵱼üʵ
ġ
һظһ飬ǵɫҲΪ֮һһʱԺţչԽѹ֡


1552 ħޱ
˼˵ǸѪʹѾ۷غ˽⣬ָƣ
صУʵ
ţ
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ʱͻϮطʱȻѪǱմŵ棬ȴʼҲؼ֮ڡ
Ķؼغ˽ĻôôܲңΪѪ粶ȥƺҲӦط֮ʹ뿪Īڼ仹ʲôط籾¶
ΣղȴǼпܣǶ˿и
ǵøϸСһЩˣ
üͷ壬ǲѪʹôɵĽؼأ˵Ҳˣ

Ҳ֮ף˵÷Ըһ쵽ĴѲ飬ǻıԵ˿©
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Ͼܹôɵؽؼأضô򵥵
ԨԶһͬ뿪ˣ˵ɫΪء

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ڶ죬ԨĴǺͼŮ˵һһ˿ٵȥƵС

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ͷ漴뿪Ƶܿȥ֮⡣
ĿռУҲû˿ȻոȥɽʱȴħŭڶϷɵĵܵģǳȺӣΧĲľΪȺħ޵ı٣ʱ˿̣ɽжȻһƵģҲƽ
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ͷһתܲٳԼ·𲻹һħȺζȻԭʧٴγֵʱѾصڴܿ½أȥƵڽķ׿ںǽһ顭


1553 Ӧ֮ټīƣ
һʱ䣬ƵٴѹĽ㿴ңģɫزѡ
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˵ɫѿѡ
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ЩħǿҲڰ˽ף̫ҪԼС֮⣬Ķûʲô
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ͬʱѩƺСߴҲվСıϣȻûлָ壬ȴҲеȫͷ˳Щħǳٶȶʱû١


1554 ټƣ򾪱䣡
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һĻ첻üͷ
жΨһĽͣ
벻׵ǣ¶֮ƺˮ׼˳Է֮⣬˶û¡
ΪղʱѾӲΧ֮˿е֪ǺЩ׼ȥˣǵ˲˻ûǡ
ӦǷ¶ɣ
ۣΧ󣬺ԥĳķȥ
ʱȴ˿˼ľС
ֻڵľ¥Щط˵Ŀֻţ·򵱳ħ֮һ㣬һһĳȥ


1555 ǧжݣ
ʱ¾һ
ÿ˵ɫޱأϴʱֵɧңԵЩ롣
жȫж
֮ǰĸֵĵط˶Ϊж˵ļͳƣǧ֮࡭
һǧ˰һٵģ˭Ҳұ֤᲻ỹж
⵽ô£
ѣǲ鵽ͬһطˣЩжЩȴƫƫѵֶػܷ˲ɣ
ҿһڵĶܹ죡
ֶδһжôضڲʮڱ޷ζ
ǵģ˵Ĳ
īƴ˿ҲһħŮ緶ü΢Ľӿڵ⣬һһĵطЩ֮Ѫⶼ𽥱ʴһƤĹ
ԨԼĻɵɫ˲䡣
ϸ䣬ͬīǰ㣬ֹĶصȷ̫˾һЩ
Ҫǣڸô죿
üͷ壬ǿЩˣһˣҪôȥ¼֮ǵͻΪһ֮أ
ڽ֮ǰ˵Ϊһ֮һ
ԣηչȥ½ûԸˡ
ķڼ֮ڱɢԲԸ⿴ģ
ǲԵ޹ʳֵģ
˸ͬǰǻ۹âҪ
һҳصԴ֮
ڵڶ
˵䣬һ٣ӳԾɲϳȥ˼ۣżڶҪЩˣҪǶʧ
ҶԴ飬ͽҺīưɣ˵
ôǵ飬ͽˣ֮Ӧ
ţ
ףǺīһͬЩжļλȥ
Цһ£ʵôЩˣ
ҵģ
ǿЦЦ漴ȻڿգķӿòܶеǷ׷ע⵽Ĵڣ̧ȥ
λһԣ
̺Ԫͬһ㴫쳹ϿգƵģޱ֮£ò˶ͣ˽Ų׷̧׳ȥ
֮
ˣ޾Ƽ

ôԣ˷׷׾첻ϣ˵ΪǶϵųԱ
Ȼ֪׷ʲôڴ֮λ֤Լ˱ؽȫԸһƬգ
λңαĻλڸȺ򣬱һңȥһԲĽ
Ƹҳһһټϳҵ־òٱҵǶ𽥵ƽ
ȻΪͻ֮ǵôҶЩ£ʶһʱ֮伴ƽһЩȴԾЩԥϾԼҪġ
Ԩĳϣ
ԨҲ漴ڿգ΢һЩվ
Ҳĳϵλ֤ҾԲϣҿڳεķϣ֮ԣڸȺһһĽ
ˣԨ΢һ٣⣬λ֤ղ֮ˣڳˣұضȫȨ𣬲öεκεʧһһĲ
𣬶Ԩ
Ҽĳϡ
˵̱ݣôƽ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰΪЩĻҲɢ˲١
ҵȽԸ
в֮˷׷׹Ӧŵ
ʱҲ𽥱̬ҲԨ΢һ
ȻһȴȻ𣬡ĳϣﵽ׷ʲôνֻܲһտڰ׻ɣ
˵Ԫڵˣʮ꣬ȥΪֻǴʱ˵֮˫пٵһĨâ
λѣĪǲԸűĳԣʵ
ǲֻĳ˵Щֻǿտڰ׻
˵ǼȻǶңҲǺεģҲǶǵκʱɣɲԸһʱ䣬ʲôʱܸǽ
գΣ
һ֤֮ڱضһĴ𸴣
գ
˻׼˵ʲôȴɫһ漴Ҳڿն𣬡λǴһʶңӦûٵҵ֣
ĺȻ֣˻׼˵Ļ
ˣ˵ĿⶼԼϣҲٴʲôļԵҽ죬Ӧöİɣ
죿а죿аɷ֮
һŶӦѾҵ̫ϳϣôô᣿
ǰ˵ǸϢʱһǲͬһأǰҵĻôͳ̫ϳأ
һʱ䣬з׷˸̸ֽݣ̫ϳϵݡ
˼֣Ҳǲɵ˫ͫһҵ̫ϳϣѵܹڸһ㻹Ϊ˵ǴﶼͨˣĽҲģЩ飬úõȥ
һĻ˿˵ӵȷΪ˴һ룬ʵϴ˵֮ʱȴЩȻĴ治֮
ߣ
۾һУζȻһֱϮ˼ûӦ֮ǰѾ»صղλãֻʱкȻѾһˡ
Ƿ˵Щˣ
ֻԪʵˣԼû״ѾУԵ־ޱȵľ塣
ȻˣԾҧڵҪʲô٣Ī뵱ô˵棬ĥͨ˲ɣ
ڲ˿ȷܳ嶯ʱѾв˳ԮһٴԳһЩɧҡ
ǲ
ĿһڲɨȻ֪˭ôͶٻ֪һЩٵ·񣡱ʲôʱ˵飿
˵䣬ȻһԪд˵ĵ˲żҪǰɣ֮ǰ˭ʶѵľǾϳֵ𣿻ߣľסͣ
˻ĳڣڳ˱һ׷׳ȥ漴ȴһҡͷ
ûһʶģ
ԨΪЩ嶯ľٶüǴʱȴüͷ˲չ١
ʱڳ˶ף˾⣡


1556 ص⣬Ѫʹ
һ˲䣬ץеɫȻҲԳ˼ɱӡ˵ȴ޷κζ
¾㵤ûбӡԪڵʵܹΪʲôٶأ
ʱ·ˣǸղŻΪ˴򱧲ƽԹֵĺüˣһ׷״ͷȥûڲѡ
١
ľʱȴһվ˳٣ʶ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬˵Ŀⶼȫ˴ϡ
˱ĿⶢסȴǼΪڣæֵǲҪᣬҲǰʶģҵһԺӣ˵棡
Ŷ
Ҷһ
˵ˣܶ˶İ
ϵһ̼ңƽַ֮ĹϵҲܺá˵ĻȻкܶѡţ
֪ˣлл㣡
ͷԽɫȻЦλϰմ
ٵĻСлͣ͹Ӧ
ϰ壡
΢Цף֪ϰԸԸΪ֮ˣǻϰԸĻԸƼˣ㽫ֵĺãҲԸƼţ

Ļڣڳ˷׷һƬȻ˶ͶޱĽĿ⡣
ȲᣬҪƼ
һļңڣ¾ͽһŵӣ֮ҲԲС
ҡԸ⣡
΢һ㶺ȴǼѵͷ
ܺãˣȥ㣡Ц׵
ǣл٣
͹ѣʱض֪˵ʲôˣ˻ȺкΧǵףأЦ춼ϲ£ˣǹ֣ѹеļ
˻ϰĻλҵΪʲô˰ɣ
컷ˣٴԵ룬еˣӦǰ½˾ԲֹһϣҶú룬ǷܹṩһЩ
ˣһ٣ھʹܹṩҰץ˵ѣȴ˼֮󣬿ƳصֱӼţ
ٴԿɵ棿ʱ˵
˵һһԾŶ
ãǶˣ
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˷׷׳ӦͣʱҲȺ鼤ǰδеҡ
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Ӧŵ
⣬뵽ʲôʱұ٣ûн֮ǰپ뿪
ǣ
ܿ죬ɵĽ뿪û֮ǰֻңһŶңľΣ

𿴵һУĵĳ˴Ĵָ
ˣ
΢΢һЦ黹û˸ô죿
ȲҪظЩ֮ˣȵ˵˼
ãҾȴУ죡
˵ԨȻûκ顣
ʱīǱߴϢ˵ش֣ǸϽȥ

īƣ
ܿ죬ī࣬ˣʱǼһɫǷϵ˼㣬κϣ
ܺڰ
֮ǰ˵ЩҲᱻ֣ڵӦ뿪ˣôԼƿصĲʹ³
ĳϡ
˵īʱתֳһۣ漴ŻԵǷһĵطƺԣ
ʲôԣ
ŮĻǶʱһôܻԣ
ҲǺⶾػˣӦ˵˵ѪҺйأī˵
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˵ɣ
һԣ˵Ҳ²⣬ЩȥǧˣӦǰȥͬһطеĶǸطйأ
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ǣ
ȻȴҡҡͷڼԽɵɫУӦһֻϵĶأ
ȣҪȥǸطմȾʲô˵ᵽʲôζ塣ֶζκΣ˶޷
ΣҪЩ˻ص˽͵͵ٴͷĳ壬ں޲֮룬ѪҺлϲֶأ
ˣ΢һ٣ŵҲΪʲôղī˵ֶԣ˵ԭڣ
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ˡ
Щɣ漴ǽղ淢һн˳īƶɫһĿֱֱ⳯ȥͬһ㣬ĺݺݲ˺ü¡
ʵһһ쵭Եɢɱ˿־岻ѡ
ҡĲ֪
ҡͷηȴǲĽ֪һж˳
ԭѪʹ¡
ȴֻһΪͨ£õķԸǰǱ򣬶ʱʱֽһƿˤ飬ľʲôùˡ
ƿʲôʲôãһǱѪ֮жٸ֪顣
òϣȷϴû˵ѺԭһЩϣ֮ٴαϨˡ
ǱҪȥһǸǧ˹ͬȥĵطˣ
̾һЩΡ
ǣطҰ
ҲǿЦѣʱ䲻࣬ҪжĻҵضܴܵĴ
ʵӦҲѣ
ԵҲ²⣬ǸطӦþ򸽽ҿ϶̫Զ
ھȥҿɣ켱
ԣھȥңԨҲӦ
ˣܵܣһôãīָ̱ڵϵļһʵ
ôã
ʼ磬аЦ˵Ҫһģԣôþ޹أ
˵䣬ʼ磬ԹԵĳȥ
˱ŵòᣬġ
ȻҶ˿ûᡣ
ǧ˵ȻһΪȴŲжΣ
˵ĳͷˣ
գīԳ֣˴˵
һȥһڸĲѯһһ߲ϵͼѰص㣬ڲʱ󣬴ȷǧڼ֮ǰͬȥĵطǷٹȣ


1557 ˿Ҷӽⶾ
ٹȣ򸽽ΪһɽȣΪһߴ׵ٲ֪˶ǰȥ͡
ȷǷٹȺǲԥıһȥ档
㣬ȷ
Ǿ޴ٲ߿׹ˮĻʫ续첻ɵЩɡ
죬ԨҲЩɡ
϶
Ȼ˵ɻȴƶĵѾŵ˿еζҲ²һ

Щ㵣׷⶯һ±ӣȴǳַҷ֮⣬оʲôġ

΢оһһǵȳǰǾ޴ٲȥ
ǶһۣҲǲδ˵æϡ
һٲǰԶ׾޴ֱµٲǴһֲ֮УĿȴǴٲϻ£漴·ˮ̶Զ
޴ˮˮ̶м˻ȻԶĵطˮȴƽ˺ܶ࣬ȴٹȵһ
һţ涷һ㡣
ЩΪ˿Ҷÿһ仨ĻԵ·˽ɫ˿һ㣬ˮӳڷ⣬˼㡣
˿ҶҲǲŮϲ֮
㣬ң˵ľ˿ҶЩЦá
ǣ
Ȼȴصͷɫصļ˿ҶŨζٹȶڣζûжȴԳΪ϶صĵһֳɷ֣

ʵڲԸš
Ϊ˿ҶѾ˲֪ʱ䣬һֱȴδǽյ飡
죬ԨҲǺһ顣
ȴǲδͣ𪽿۵СһУʱһ˿ҶɵС
ͷᣬԽƶĵ

Ҳ˹ȥɳƢķҷ֮⣬ʵڸоʲôġ
ܵܣҲˣ
ûĳһۣĻҲͷֲԾˣ
ðɣģ
Цá
˵ö֮ϣϾʮԼҲȲһ롣
ԨȴҲЩЦá
˿Ҷ˵ĻôӦûһֽҩɣīʱڱͻȻ˵
ţ
ףе˿ҶȥĿţȴǺü΢૵Щ֣
֣
˲⣬ǿɿʲôֵĵط
ûж̧ͣۼǰȥһ֣һ˿Ҷ˹
ҲǴŵĽ⣬ÿһӿȥ棬ѰЩͬ
ֲͬȴҲֻϵģ֮⣬Ծɿʲôֵġ
һһʱʱһ£ü΢ٲȻѾ˳˼ҲڲϹ۲죬ȴʼպκη֣Ҳֻܽϣϡ
ת˲䣬֪Ѿȥʮӡ
ü΢ڳ˼ʱüͷչʱ˼ʲôҪĶһȥòѣȴʼնû˵һ仰
ڣʮӹȥǺȻʲôЩ㯵ȻһֵĽ˿ҶӵĿ۾ĶǶϡ
֪ˣ
촽Ҳ֮¶˲õЦݡ
ԭһֱˣȻô򵥣ЦѣЦԽ
㣬뵽ʲôȲʵ
ȥǧѾˣҲǻ
Ц˵Ҹղôȥⶾȥֻ϶أ
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ⲻͶˣ
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ͬʱͷȻ˵˼˵뵽˰취
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⡭
ЩɻīȴһЦ˵֪ˣ˵Щӣ
Ҫֹ϶أô򵥵İ취öƣڵĽ˿Ҷ
ī˵򵥵İ취ǽӴϣôȻȻĽڵ԰ɣ

ȥףӦ֮ǰ̫˶ѣֻҪû˽˿Ҷ壬еڶ룬Ҳж
̫ˣ
˷ܲѣԭΪжิӵ龹Ȼô򵥵ıԽȷ˷ܵͬʱȴҲЩЦá
ǻʲôߣȥɣȲĵ
ԣȥ
ȻжĶǼͬһʱˣ˭Ҳұ֤ЩڰеѪ֮˻᲻¶ҪȥԷб䣡
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һ˲䣬һ֣еȫϣܿı뿪˷ٹȣ⣬Ǿۼĵطٸ˹ȥ
˵ӿԷֹжʱһĶЩš
Ȼǣֻ϶صԴ뷢ǵĲţȴǺܿԨԼ˵ı֤ȥ
ǵɷУڳÿһ˶õһӣ
ȻʲôĸоǵΣҲ׷ϲЦտ֮ǰΪǧжֵƳɢȥ
ʲôʱܹȥҲ֮ʵ

һ£˵ԵȣǽѪ֮ȫҳ֮ٻȥɣٳʲôֶκ˴ҵ
Ҳ˵һ䣡
˵֮˵λæϵİҳһѱΪǹͬ԰Ĺؼ
˶٣ֵҲҪΣգҺͼĳ϶һֱֻҪ̸֣ϵ̫ϳϵݱ֤ҵľ԰ȫ
סһκη֣֪ͨǣ
˵֮󣬱Ǻһͬϣ
һ棬ҪʱעǷʲôǱصѪ֮ˣһǵʵҲʱ˵ڷʲô֮ڵ顭
Ҫǣ˵ˣҪ취ȥЩ壬ֹЩ˻Ϊٴж¼
Ͼ˭Ҳұ֤ڽһ˵
صϺȴǺüˣ㣬Щ˵ʬô죿
ţ
һȴǺȻĵǣǵЩ˵ʬյҲжӳ


1558 Ѫ粰æ
ĻͷԨȴɫ䡣
ջʬ壬ҲӣһͬԣЩ϶ػɢĻǺ룿
һʱ䣬˶ЩĬȻ
˵ģ벻ôȥ
˵Ѫµֻ϶صֶΣǲǲӵеģʵ
Ӧòǣ
ҡҡͷǲӵеģôϸµİţ

ףֻ϶صƿأҪʱĳԣвΣ
ǸѪʹµ֣
֮˵Ļҿܹҵһ֣
ҵ֣
Ļ˾һǻȻĵ˵Ѫ粣
ţ
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ȥѪСԹһ˰ɣ˵
ã
Ҳԥ˵ͷαԭʧŶؼؿ˲ƶȥ
˴ʱѪ»ˡ
ǵĽѪ粳Ƭ̣Ӧҵȷֻ֪϶صһЩѪµʱ򣬲ʹãԣֻܸһ򵥵Ľ飡
ѪСԣ
ĵǽЩʬջ٣ڵĶҲ֮ӣӵٶȻܿ죡
Ѫ粻Եôˣ²ǰǸѪʹһæĿҪЩʬԸǣ
Ǹô죿Ѫ粣ͱˣЦõĴߴٵ
Ҳ˵ô
ĻѪûĳһۣżʵ취Ҳܼ򵥣ϣ
ң
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ΪҼԨүүȻ֪Ѿʵȴʲôӡ
˵ҵｫЩʬΪҽΪռԵʣԲЩ϶ɢʵ
ţԣȴҲԣ
Ѫ粲÷ļҵ˼ǣУ֮ǿнЩʬֽ⣬Ҳһ𣡱ң

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ͷôҶʱ΢һȴҲע⵽īЩ񣬲쳯ȥʱõָֻĸоǴһ
ŪΪȴҲûж˵ʲôڼ˵ͬ£νǧ˵ʬȫ˻֮У֮ͨЩʬȫ׷ֽ⣬Ϊһͷ󻼡
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ЦȴһЩϷʣŪЦá
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Ѫ粺˵̬ȣҲΧǲ˿Сһ㲻Ҳ¶
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ߣ
Ѫǣһ
Ҳû˵ʵҲףֻûᵱô˵潫й¶ȥ
ȻٺˣѪƲƲ죬
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ漴Ŀ⳯ʱԽ̸ѣֶʮָָȥЩȻ飬΢΢һЦ˵ҶӦҵ˼˰ɣ
٣Ƕף
˺˵мϵϰɣѵҲѪµ𣿡
ǣ
ԥĵͷ漴ںЩ˵ĴУһָѪ粣ԵѪС԰һ֤Щ˵ݣ
죡
ѪòУȴҲòٴǰҶףѪ֮ĹͬȻصĺֻҪһ֣Ǳ᳹ױ¶
˵䣬Ѫ粱ǳһ긾Ů˹ȥ긾ŮҲѣǱǳסҪ̷ɱԶˡ


1559 һعˮɽ
һʱ䣬˵עȫѪϣǸѪ粶ס긾˴ʱȴǻҲѣһ˫۾ޱ˸һ֪Ȼй
һĻҿУȴҲܿףûʲôԾĻôܻӣ
ԼʵҶ֣ߵ긾ǰѪ粵ĵ
Ȼ긾ȴֻǲϵˣҡԴûлش
е־ŲԶ
ȻҲӦ֪Ѫ粵ĴڣûмѪѪ֮еɲǰģ
ǲԼˣ
Ѫ̾һһ긾˱ӲܿƵĳѪ粷˹ȥѾ˺üף긾˲ϵȴҲʼӲε
ܿѪǰܿƵ˫ǿ־塣
㲻ҪңҪ־͹Ǽһɣ
Ѫ˵ȴʱ
Ѫԭ˫ѪƣѪ˲ǳͫУֹգ۱긾˿óɵ˺ܶࡣ
ʲô֣
Ѫ
Ѫ
긾˵ĻشѪ粵һҲЩ㵡Ů˾ȻܹѪѪ֮еĵλܵ͡
Ѫ֮ǺְλѪ粼ʵ
Ȼ긾ȴǱüΪڽʲô˽սһʵȴһֵֿӦѪ粵ĻĵǸܡ
˵
Ѫ粼״жȻһͬʵʵѪ⣬ֱУȻһԭıȴǱƽ
ʹ»Ѫصƽû˿ͷ·˵һ
ȻѪʹ
ۣżâ
ҲɫȻȴδš
Ѫ粲ɫļЩʲô
һңʹ˴
Ѫʵػص˿ΧղűѪʮȴǻҲѣ˶ڳѪϵسҪѪ粵Ĺѣϧһжù
˷Щ˵ľٶȴҲǳױ¶Ѫ֮˵ݣΧһɫúѿڵĻЩ˶޲óʮ˺һˡ
ʲôѪ粼ʵ
֪ʹû˵ֻǷԸôȻɻֱ֮Ѫ
ȥĶ
ӳ̶
ô˵Ѫʹӳ̶ǣ
ǵģ
Ѫ粲ٶʣ˿Ҳ͵Ťͷȥھ͸ȥӳ̶Ǳߣߵ飬Ǵһ£Ѫ߼ʣܲܵõʲôõϢ
ãҲȰ裬ͷһжСģ
İɣ
ףʱڿն𣬳Զٷȥ
Ҳȥ
īƶһۣ˵һ֮ǽȥѪ粼ȴǲһ죬ȴҲǹԹԵߣ֮;
ӳ̶ǧ֮ңѰ˵ϺԶɶ죬ԼīȴǼ˲Ƶ顭
Ȼӳ̶ʱȴѾһ˻дһЩռ֮⣬ûѪʹκӰ
ǻǲһ
ܣǸѪʹӦø߲ãֻǽƾµЩռ䲨û취ǲ鵽ȥĶ
ӳ̶ûʲôɲĵط컹þȥ̶׶һһһ飬Ҳͬûκη֡
֮϶ѪʹõϢ֮ǰ뿪ˡ
ΪľǱ֤ݵأûȷ֮ǰܹڰУ
ô죿īƳʵ
ֻȻȥˣ
ɬЦҡҡͷôҲҵǼһģ
߰ɣ
īס֣һͬٵ˲ƻصС
һҲû취飬˭Ҳ벻ѪʹǼһôĽƻ
ߣĲһʱ䣬ȫѪȥЩѪ֮ˣԾûеõʲôõϢǸѪڣûļѪʹò
ÿһѪʹǵʱ򣬶Ѫȫ
Ѫ֮ڣѪ֮⣬һ֪Ѫʹݣ
Ѫ粣ȷ⼸ŵҩ
һѪ֮֮󣬿ѪΪĹȶЩ԰׵ɫǸ⣬æȥóŵҩΪ¡
ѪС㣬ˣ
ҲǹлѪ΢΢һЦҡҡͷδ˵ԹԵı˫ۣתԪʼյЧ

ʵЩ˸ô
ǡ
ԣӵĳʮѪ֮ȥкâһ³һ֣ɱ
ã
ԨҲûԡ
ʹ˱ǾЩѪ֮˵Ľ
Ȼ֮ǰǧ˵жʮȻҲʮָǼȻѪµˣӦ뵽н졣

Ԫ½ˮɽϣ
һ㣬ƺûܵκӰ졣
죬飬ѣԼƣټټС֮󣬱Ǿֱصߡ
ˮˮǰһѾ뿪˵ҪȥѰͻƵĻԵסֻܽͳأһҪעⰲȫ
ʱ̤ˮɽɽСпѡ˷ȴżĿġ
һǵȷǺܾûлˣ˴û
ȴҲǵѪ»ԻԪ½֣ϾѪֱ񵽵׻ʲôı˭Ҳò׼Էһ
ͷϹԶȻ쫷ҽУıѪ¶ϣض
ֻϧһεĹ񽣣ԼӰ÷ûһͬС
ǵĹʦĪˮʦＧõǿĲѣǰһֱûɫͷϹԶҲ¶һЦݣЩܳ
˴λһĿģǾǿطôˡ
ںͷλʦﺮһǾֱȥˮɽĺɽԺУطͻǵСڡ
ĺȻȻû뵽ģĵһ۲Щ졣
ôˣ
ڻյķ£طյĳ˼ѣûĵ
ôûȥ
ҲûľֱطߣԱߵһЩˮֱֱӿš
ʦ֡
Ļȴǽѵĳһۣ˵ʲôأشŲأ
ûУ
طǵɪĳƳȥѾһֱûûҪٸ˵ҵĻСղʦˣ
ã˶۸٣ǰɣߺߣ
ƲƲ죬ϷʵĿطͻɨЦհɲ˾ʦ֣ˣһҪһ㣬ŮӼҼҵһҪúñԼǧĳЩòȻļһƭˣȻʱ򰡡ڶˣ
죬Ѿ˵˭òȻҲ˵һ飿ôƭˣطһӴָ췢쭵
ߺߣúϻ
ֱһռطղǸΣһҡһҡıжˣŪطǴӵۣڻմʱѾɬ֣Ѿܻطȥˡ


1560 ع鲢ݳ
ңȥŪóԵģ
ԺУϣطŭĿӵʱ򣬻ջһ̱ǳȥôһ仰ޱȵɬ
תۣձǲӰ
ط綼û˿ģˮɽܳκΣգ¾Ѫ֮ˣҲ顣
뿪طȻŭʧԹԵԱߵ£һˮһڣ˵˵ɣô£СӲԵ޹ʵĻɣ
طʶ໥˽ޱ̣˵ǼŮҲδط˽⡣
ô㲻УȻȴƲ
ˣգƨţطûػص
ӣСʦ֮㵹˶˲ٰ
ǺЦطҲ¶һĨЦݣǸùϣһӶḺ
ǾͺúչֶֶŮʲôĳطļЦ
Сӡ
ϷʵУطЩЦá
˦˦ͷطɫٸȦˣλҪЩʲô
ʵԼ֪
ɫҲ˼֣漴ǽ֮ǰǧ֮˳ǱǸصѪʹĵġ
ǵѪ»ԻԪ½֣طһӱ롣
ţ
ͷѪµ޿ײ룬ؼҶҪҪҵĻԪ½Ͽ»һƬѪȣ
û뵽㾹Ȼű֮İаٿЩʵطЦ
ˣЦˣ
ûİ˰֣üӣúõˣȻ˺֮ɴͺһߣעһһ֪ͨ캣˶㣡
˿˵Ĵ磬ȻָıǹϹٷˣ
ϹٷƣٲȻѾ캣ƿߣ
֪ˣ
ط˼ҲԸ߰죬Ϊģֵ֮֮飡
ţ
ЦŵͷֵҲȥ˵ѪЩܳص⣬ʼɵ죬ŹһľԺвʱЦ
ʱҲˡ
ߵСŮ˴ʱȴָŲںɽժɽ֮ʳǺ˵һ󣬾ֱȥʼ׼ˡ
Ӵǣû뵽Сʦջ治һſɢζ쵱޵
ǣ
طǵͷ쿴һ񺮡
ķط磬ھһһֱ仯ЦãȴҲòϣӵֱ仯ίʵܺãҲлڣȻط»Ϊɱ˵ΪؼұѪһ¶رһ߱ʬ塣

ˮɽϴһ죬ڶǴ飬ѣԼŮ뿪ˣŲݳǵķ˲ƶȥ
컹ǵģϧλʦǿҪ£СһֻɽϣȻҲǵϲ֡
ȻҲκ飡
˲Ƽ䣬Ȼ˲ݶŴ
ң֮
ݵķȴǺҲ˶٣ڣŵ·̣ǲǣ첻̾һ
Ȼʮ꣬ɾЩǱһ붼ģ
磬ȥĶѽ鳯ʵ
ৡ
Ȼûش𣬱ϵѣԼŮĿȴֱˢˢϡ
ݳڿǵңּҺͳң

˫ĽУһʱ֪ͣλش
˵ȥּҰɣǻЩˣҪ˵ȥңѺֻô룿
磬㵹˵˿ҲûģϷʵĵ
ҡҡ
ЦãԾɲ֪λش
͡
øЦŶ
һ˲䣬ŮͬʱЦ˳֦չӼֱ޵˼㣬ܲ·˷׷ײĿ
ȴǿЦѣȻ׹Ůڶأ
ĸСƤǲǼû򣬾͸ҪϷˣ
óʱúõءѵѵǣʲôˣ
뵽Ů۾˺ü£ǹճһĨаȵĻߣŮʱЩæһЩ
ֲεĳ﷢ţɵǳǰȥҲǴΧ˵עнѳȥ
ʱŮקǽУּҵĴſڡ
С㣿С㣿ү
ſ֮˼ˣʱϲ쳣ǵĹ
ɲǼ䣬ּұǱ׾ˡ
־óүӣԼٵּ˷׷ӭӣѺˮ˵־óУ޷ơ
СѣСүĻּҷ·ӭʢϲһҹּظ±˻ֵĺѺϵһЩŮǣǲǽһЩ飬־ó˶
ȻؼҸĻ棬ȴڻֵͬʱЩᡣ
Ѿû˼ҡ
˱֮⣬ҲֻЩˡ
ƽʱʱİֵӣ˼ҲʮУȻǴĵĵطϵЦҲ𽥱˿Ц
顭
ס|ģûж˵ʲôֻǾôš
û£
ЦЦ
û˵˾ô໥֣ŶԷֿůĵ¶ȣҲͬŶԷŨŨ⣬ȴʤǧ
ּҵ˺ܾãڶĻЦ𽥽
ҲһĵԺС
ڶһ磬һԹ緹֮Ѻڼкúõүү͸ףǴƳųҵķȥ
ܹܲ˴ʧ˰ɣ
ݳǰҲûʲô̫ı仯ģԵôô֡
ͳߣǵòһӱԿ֮Ĺϵһ·ȴҲ˲֪ٸĽʺ޵Ŀ⡭
λС㡭
Ȼʱȴм˵ǰΪ׵һṫӣŶʮӣֳһʱʱҡ£ҲԵЩ֮⡣
ֻϧ˵ĿȴһֱͳɨŮм죬ȴǱֱӸˡ
࣬ȴĸˣһǲĶŮЦ
һɲǼ䣬Ǳĺ鶼ƻ
üͷù·ҹ
˻һΧ˷׷ЦǸȹȴЦһüλС㣬⻰ҲδһЩɣĽСòλСһѲǽӵ˵·Ĺ𣿡


1561 ݣҵĿֻţ
ǲڲݳǵļУһҺȻðͷ̶֮ڱڲݶǺͲǴ˲ٵĻҵΪһΪ貵Ĵڡ
ǰסȥ·ṫӣҵĴүݣ
ʮݣٶŵԪڵʵ˵пڶʱٴͻƣΪԪĸ֣
Ȼʵ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
˵һˣʮٸһҲӡ
˵ܹͣеԪڵʵȷǷǳԳƵ
ҵĺȻ֣Լŵðͷû֪ôģ
ʱֺӣ˾üͷһ塣
õ鱻Ūȫûˡ
ԵҲǹˣñ·ҹ
ôĿ
һգɫѿĵλС⻰Ҳδ̫һЩ˰ɣ

ŮúϻǷֱĸ첲ƹݺĸ£ǰȥ
վסү𣿡
ݵɫֱĿҪγˮ
ĸ¶ʱ첽ǰٴνǵ·ס
ɫǰǿ֪ʲôˣȻ˶˵
ҹʲôˣ
齿ȵҹԶԶģȻ
ȻΣ
û˵꣬ݱϵʵ˵ɣүˣùԹԵһظȻĻǿͷԣ
˵㿴ˣ
һֱûڵĵ֪֪˭
СӣǴĶðģ֪ǲǸһ©ˣ¶ˣЦ
˻һʱĸ´ЦѣҲĲмûнС

һȻ̧һӡ
ž

Ӧϱʺָӡĺ˺ü
㣬㾹Ҵңݵ
ϣŪ
һ£ĸԪʵ±붯֣Ȼûǳ嵽ǰͳͬʱ
顭
ĵ׹ص˸·Ƕûһ㵹ڵϲʹ
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ݸӶˣȻ޾
û˵ʲôͳƶһۣǳ˹ȥ
أ
䣡
һȭߣݸ޷ʱ䣬ͬͷһ¼ûһõĵطҪǣݵĵҲӡˣ޷Ԫȥָƣֻܲϵطʹ
⻹û꣡
ŮʹݣǽѣΧ˿һ亹ֱð
ڣۿݾҪ֮ʣ߹ȥŮ˿ˣΪְ׳ǵĺ飡߰ɣ
ߣ
ĿڣŮƹ˼ֳҵķȥ
үү
ԶһЩĸҵĻæȥݲСģȴݲϵ
ĸҵȥҶǣүҪʲôүϵŮˣûвֵģһʹһݵķԸ
ǣ
ӦŵԶԶĸǣĸµĲУܿĻصң
һڼΪ˿ɱȵݣζ˴棬Ȼܼй䡣
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ݶȺúõˣ
ۣΪ㱨ʱһжŮץ㴦ã
ף
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˵䣬ҧ·ͳеӣϸֳһĨޱЦݡ
ãΪһԴȥҲ˵
ţ
ݵͷΧļŮˣԼǲЩŮߣȴûƵģ˸źĹâҴصĶӣ
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үҵǵŵ㣬ֻǡֻǡ
˴Ŵʮԥһֹӡ
أ
̬ȣݸΪŭȻһŷߣֱ߷ɳȥݺݵײԱߵϣ˱ǼѪۿȻһٵӡ
˵
ץסһ˵죬ҪٸԥүƤ
ǣǣ
ͷѵ˿ĭæ˵Сһֱǣߡ˳ң
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ȵȡ
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ҡ
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ǣǡǸң
˱غݸ˶ţǱŵû˵ˡ
ˣȥɣ
س³һֵȫȥ
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֮ǰŮǣԼ˶׷˳ȥ
˿̣صɫҲ˼㣬ϵıãȴЩˡ
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֪ⲢݳڳζʲôǸ׳ˣ
ס
ţѾĿ־ռ
ݶ˵ôͻǵҵˣ
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Ȼ귢չѸ٣˲ٲݳڵƼ壬ȴôܹȣ
ףҡ
죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴû˵
ˣû취ˣ
ڿ־֮ȴҲһâǲܳʲô©ȻҸѱ
ݶȥʰһ£һȥ̽̽ڷ磡
кâһ˵ʲôݣһЩ򵥵ĹϵǵҪǡݶҪӣʵʵĵǸ
ף֪ˣ
ס
һΣǱˣ
·һٶôҲҲˡ
Ӻغݸûдκ˵뿪ңҵķȥһ·ǵҲʮ޷ƽһֱߵ˳ſڲԶҲ鼫Ϊء
ʱĳҾǽ˶˲٣һ϶ϲɫףʲôƵģزüһ˿Ϊĸо


1562 ټȵ죿
һ԰УܻŽأһԲڷм䣬ζȽȫүԼҼⶼȻڳټ죬ԼˣԵüΪ֡
ĳңֻгôһŮˡ
ΪҵĹүܵ˼ӣȥֶ֮ԹԹȻȫʧ׽ͬһƵġ
ڳԷ֮ǰҲǽڵĲ齲һ飬óүӺͳӾ̾ѣ͸¶ʵλ𾪵ĲӶ
ү⵽˼㣬Ҫ˵ʲôģǿ¾첻ֹŮˣ˵Ҳǳƴ飬Ѻзһ죬ټϿǶģԳүӺͳҲûٶ˵ʲô
ϾΣֻҪԼŮŮܹҸͺã
ܣüỤ̊Ǽ˵ľƱʹûпչ
ʱϵĸζȣҲôҳԵĲֺҵ˼㡣
ʱȴһϤӰ˽Ůš
С㣡
Ůӵĵڶ˷׷Ƿ
С㣿
ûǷϹٷƵŮѣǻԪ½ߴʥ֮һʥ߷۵Ů
ΪϹٷƵֵܹϵټϷȷϲ뿪֮󣬷˳ŮҲóƶһá
໥ĹϵȴЩˡ
ϹٷǱ㣬ͳӦóƺΪһɩӡ
ɴӳ㣬ͳƵá
ȻԺҲ̫ԶǹϢȻҲ֪Ϣ֮ǴȻԺææĴƺŮ˹
үү常
Ƿ񣬶漴Щ΢㶵£ҲǽڷһЩ齲˳ҲΪ֮ϲѡ
ϧϹٷƻ֪ǵĹҲûܹ
ڳƺߣʱѾûǰС֮䶼Ŵҹķ緶ʶķֱһƵģøţ
ڼ䣬ҲЦǺǵĽŷΪɩӣóĿЦãΪΪϹٷߵԵʣҲǰһƺɩˣֻ໥ơ
ƶ֮ģҲûԳκ衣
ˣɩӣĸʲôʵ
ǰʱˣȻ˵ҪҲ뿪ˣҲ֪ȥ˺δ΢Щǵĵ
ŶĸѾָˣӦòµģɩӲ̫ģ찲ο
ţ
ͷ˿̳ƺҲǷ׷ŷС˵ŮҼҵĻҲ֪Ů˵ЩʲôŪ÷ĺƿҪγˮԴҪؿˡ
үӺͳһߺȾһ죬ڵһЩλ
ϧĳѾǰȻڻԪ½Ծɿ˵ԺգǷȥҲֻһеȼ壬ҲǳүӺͳ⸸̾ĵط
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£̧̧ͷүӺ춼׷׳ܼ˹ȥ
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ŹܼȥϸӴʱУ򵥵Ľղ;ݵ齲˳ڳ˷׷ɫ䡣
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ŭǳüۡ
ʱΧվŵĲŮҲǷ׷ױ֣һҲδ̫˰ɣ
ƽҲŹݵĶȴôҲû뵽ȻͳλС㶼ҵϷⲻʲô
үȻûп˵ʲôһ˫ƻǵһĨâȴ˵ʱͷķŭ
ܿ죬غӵˡ
˫Ŀ˲ϣȱǳޱŭӲݺһ
ֺܿɨ죬ͳˣɵøڿЦѡ
Լ϶Ǵ˰
;УҲв۶С͹үĹܹΪҼôܻ²ǵݣ
ǳҹүѾԿ϶ڳƺ鵽˭ǳҶС㣬ڻҪô
ԼݷϷ˵Ѿǵˣ
ͨ
͵һ߳ݱֱӹ˵ϡ
ʲô
ߵҪѵӣҹؼȥѵô£
Ǵӹˣغǹĵ

ԣЦз֮У
⡭
ػ׼˵ʲôȴֱӰˣĶ߰ɣ
ǰɣ
ʱȻվ
ǣλǳҹү˰ɣΪòڣС赺ϣһ԰Ӧƨĳ
ݴ˿̸ǵͷҿһۣȻŵ˫ȴ޾
Ҵү⼸ʲôʱܹ裿
ߵǰ˫ͻȻһĨζЦݣȥ͹ȥˣҲʲôģӿҪúõĽһ̣´εĻɱҲˣ
ǣǣллдͷӦ
ˣ߰ɣ
ǣǡ
صͷȴûжӳķȥ
ߣѵ㻹Էߵ
ߣߣ
֣ݱ첽뿪ˣ˿κͣ
ϸ뿪˵Ŀ⼸ϣԵʮֹ죬ҲǼæ˿ԼʲôԾ
ʲôôˣ߻صλϣɵʵ
ɻôȻôˣôɵķŹСӣҵϷҵŮŮˣѵͲ׼ŪŪ


1563 Ϲٷˣҹ̽ң
ôˣ
Ҫ˵ȥû˻š
ݸǵϷͳƣʴ˵ҪȫңǺεȵţ
а죬ôܻô׵ķŹǸӣ
һ㣬˵ǣΧļŮ˵Ҳ̫˽ķҲš
ˣôҲڻôˡ
˭˵һŹǣ
ȻȴЦʼ磬һĨаЦΪԡ
ۣڼ˴㵲УЦżҲǺȻһȤ󣡡
Ȥ󣿡
˸ǲˣȴûٶ˵ʲôԹԵĶƱһڣŪôƲѡ
ָܷܷһ죬ֱһ¡
ٺһЦĵԺǾͻˣ
ˣ⣬ʵ˽𣿡
̫˽⣡
ҡҡͷǴǰȻðģǮʮŨһֱչǲݶǺǵĲٵ̣úܴ󣬼ʲôУ
ʲôģҲ̫˽⣡
Цһ£ҲûǸ˼ȥܣֻҪǲֳʲôҲ⣡һЩ֡
Ŷôˣʱ׷ʵ
ұи֣
˼ŻصǸոðͷʱ˶ϣЩܿȫˣΪеĲ˶ʧ٣ӦҺĸΪ
ҵȷǲ򵥰ǺһЦغݸ뿪ķ˸ζЦݡ
Ǹף֪ұ󵽵ʲô𣿡ʵ
Ҳûȥ飡
ҡҡͷǼһΪүү㹧ҵǳҵ⣬ҲκδţǶ£ʱһҲûȥˣ
ס
ʱǷȴǺϾϲƴˣ
Ѿȷ˹ϵҲ˫ҳһһҪһ𣬵ϹٷƵĳƺûб仯
˵ǻʱ򣬱һʱ֪ͨϹٷƣκϹٷƻҪԹĵȷһЩϵģʼҲǸϵˡ
ȻϹٷƺܿڹܼҵͬ˽ΪĳүӺͳһ񣬶ƺһкſӵһ¡
ϹٷƸ˲λߵʣĿѡ
ϹٷƵĺȻȷʮֿģֵܵȷܾûˣ໥ŸԵһЩ쾭ָϹٷƸпѣЩʱ׵һȥ򴳴ֻϧ캣ڿ벻Ҳ׵ͷϹԶִµĻҵܣ
ֻ˵ֵܰղͬ·ȥһЩʲôûʲôˡ
Ͼͷ쫷ҽ캣ҲµѪ֮ŰҲò˶ãҲٴβսҲϹٷƶڴģ
ˣղ;пҵغݸӣƺǴ뿪İɣǵӣƣһϹٷƺȻʵ
Ҳ֪ңȤʵ
ô֪ܲ
Ϲٷûĵðͷ̫죬طȻԺǵȻܺӣƺҲʶȤûǳҺȻԺȻŪǣ
䣬ϹٷƶԷĽţҶó³ҶֻǸŵģҪڹķİΣ
ң˽٣ʵ
ţ
ԣϹٷ΢΢㵣ôˣǵˣ
˵㵽˽ٰɣ
Ҳû٣Һ֣֮ǰһж鲻ƾðһ
Ϲٷü˵ңÿǵȥ΢׼ȥʱ򣬾ͻԵ޹ʵιȥ˵ұ϶иˣȷǲûʲô֮ҲͲȥˣܲ˵ȥƴɣ
ϹٷƵĻ΢Щʧ漴ȴʵ£ͷûУ
û
Ϲٷҡҡͷʦ֮ǰһֱڱչҵǺʦ˵һЩʦԼŰ죬Ҳûٺʦ˵ˣ
У֪ˣ
ͷϹٷȴǺ治ѣôѵǻа𣿾Ͳһŭ֮ȫң
ȫҵ飬첻ûɹ
аͷ죬һûʲôܹģ
Ǻǣɲô򵥣
һЦ
ȴǽݵϷƺ˵˳Ϲٷ˸ŭܣ㻹ʲôߣֱȥǼһ
˰ɣ磬ҪֵĻܵȵڣڰֵ
ʲô
Ǻǣʲô
ааһЦϰɣһңҵҪҵЩʲôܣ
Ȼô˵ˣҲٶ˵ʲô
ĳԳԺȺȣʱϵľƲ˶Σһα˲٣ƺȫҵ׵Ժ

ҹĻ٣ݳȴκξףȻϵ˽֮˺ܶ࣬ȴҲ˼ְ޷֡
ŮŮЯΣҲδȣвٵСԵͨӪҵòݳǳҹߡ
Ϊڵĳǳأݳ޷֡
ʱ֮࣬ȴһϮ£ûоκ˵³ҵķȥ
ʱѾҵԺǽߣȷԼû֮ȻԾУֱĽҺԺܸľԼ谵ڣϢǰš
ǰĳԺУһлŮиŮ˵Ľһֹһݴа߳첻ü
üһƺϰЩǸԺԶԶģû¶κξ֮ɫ
ۣһǽǸԺ䣬ԽԽŮܿǸĽ䴦
ȻݣȻһ˫İϷ
򵥲鿴һ£첻Щɫ䡣
ΪŮӵòȻƺмƣҪǣݿе߳Ǻͽйأڲһ˸ΪŨɱ
ˣȲ
һ£Ϣ뿪ˣһ򵥵ѰܿȷλҼλá
ڵԺ䲻̫Զ
ȻϢĽڵԺŴе֮ȴЩȻ丸ӣԸӾȻͬôϲŮɫ
û˿صķҲŮˣüΪΣò毺ãش˷ǾŮ벻桭
ţ
ģĿһƺʲôԭ׼뿪ͣ͸ǱĴǴŮеһȥ


1564 ұŮˣ
Ů˺ױӣΪڵӼֱ˼㡣
Ȼȴ֣üִ֮ⷺУȴһֲмƺغܲ⣬ȴԾɲϵشţȻƵȷܼңʵӦòûʲô̫ĸо
Ҫһ㣬ŮӾʥصʵ
ȻӦʹһЩķʽڲţʵȴҲԿһ
һŮӣȻһЩȴҲԪڵʵ㲻ʲôԪ½ѾǼΪˡ
Ůӵ֣Ҳʱܺڰһڲء

Źʮӣ˵̳սͣ
磬ôܼأѵǽֱƯ𣿡
˵أŪң
Ů˳ӣһһҵػУǴϡ
ɧӣʲôʱˣ
ضһˣ˽ȴ˿ûκβ˼Цѡ
˻ŪŮǴвѡ
Ц֮صɫҲĵǽݶ飬ҲӦ˵˰ɣ
ţү챻ˣǳҵ˴ģ
ǰٻ˵Ҹôɣ
صͷǸʥʵŮ˵ǲ˵ҪҺͽݶʵ㹻ʵ޲ðѳҸˣȻȡ֮
ɵۣҹȻô򵥣
ѽ磬ʲôС˵ǻҪһʱأ
䴲ϣ֮ΪٻŮӽ˵ˣѵǽû̵㲻𣿡
£
ü֪ûС㣬ûصĽ죡⼸ҲΪ˲ٵ飬ѵ֮ǰŵһֱôȥҸ㣬òҪңȻһɢ
ѽ˺ˣҵ磬֪Ż˼ң
ٻв¶ۼһĨâȴǽЦݣ˼ұ׼ҪһϢأߺߣ㶼۸˼ң˼ҾͲ˵
Ϣ
ٻĻضʱ۾һæٻңʲôϢҪǺϢĻϸҾͻȥˣһɧ⣡
ѽ㻵
ٻ߲ѣȴЦϢС˵ˣܿͻȻ԰үʵŶô磬𣿿˼һҪ
⣬⣡ɣɧӣҽŪǣ
شЦѵȻ漴ٻһŮȴǾһʱڱٴлŮ
˿̣ȴüͷ塭
ǸٻеС㣬Ȥ
ٻʥصʵȻֻǸСʹӣƾһ㣬ԿǸСܲ򵥣
ȣһܲʲôϢ
˼Ƭ̣Ծţδ뿪
һεʱ䣬ؽ֮ϴȴҪ΢һЩվ۵ֱӻ˹ȥ쿴Ŀ࡭
ûã
ٻмƲƲ죬һķŵ̬һŮӵķһӣŮ·ûҲûȥصǾֱߵһԵϾô¡
ۣ
ٻǸŮ֣ǽЦͶĻŮǾֱĿʼǡ
⡭Ůͨ԰
㶣漴ϱǴŮĽһεʱȴǽ֮ղصμҪ
ǿˣŮŮٶüζ̲סĿϼۡ
С㣬˼ҲҪ
ƣĵ˵ϣһ
úãЩˣ
ٻһЦԹȥ»صߣĿһغ˵棬ñӽ䵲סŮӵһɵ˴ϡ
ٻɷϣȴû˼ŮŮĶ
С㡭
ٻ󣬽ʵôѽѵҪʵ
С㣿
棬һȻȴ׹
֮ǰνǸС㣬ʵʥʵٻֻرס˶ѡ
˵ٻӦþұˣһŮˣ
֮ǰϹٷ˵캣ҵ˶ΣӦþٻµ֣
ϾʵЩ˵Ǻǿġ
ûжϸš
ôܸʵǲ˷ҺòչľԪ𣿡
ٻһЦƲ˵˹죬ΪҪȥˣҸӵҲͷˣ
Ҫȥ
⻰ǸʱǰɣС㣿˵׼Ҫغݸ˵ɳڵʳôҪǵ
ʳ
һ漴ղٻ˵ġԪ֣ɫһݣȻ뵽ĸ֣
򵥵˵ͨĳаŵĹȻ˶ӵľԪӶﵽʵഺаĿġ
ȴ˵ġʳ߽¯
Ͳţֹᣡ
ۣ漴뵽Ǳߵû´ĻŮҲ˰ɣ
ɻȴˡ
һǵҪʲôܲܽǰôðɣ϶ʲôĿġ
ڶʲôˣôôаĹֲĹ˵ˣϹʱҲѵһ
ҲҪһ㣬ղʣӦ֮ǰʲôƻǸٻСΪʲô˵ҪȥôǻĶȥأ£һ
ҵĹɻǵ˵Ľ飿ٻʵ
ȻǵС㣬ѵ¶йأɣСӱ𣿡ʵ
ôô򵥣
ٻкâһҵõ常Ϣˣû´Ļ˳֮һһŮˣӣôôȵԭ£
С˵ᶢǣ
۾òϣˮӵȷ
ţǳģ
ٻͷǱҪȥȻ룡
ţСģ
Ź
ٻЦһ£ͷסĺ촽ͬʱ˫ٴζһη
ڶŮŮսٴչ
ⷿеΣȴɫزѡ
ٻС㾹ȻָƣصļУȻ׼ȷĲ³ݣֱš
ʲôˣе常ֻ˭
ѣѵѪϣɣѪϲ֪һϢŶԣ
ѵǡ
Ȼ䣬Ŀһ³ĸѪʹ
ûӦþѪʹˣ
·Էд֮Ƶģɫޱأ֮ǰĲ²˵ĻΪʲôû˵иŮأΨһͽ֪ܶ


1565 
УڶŮŮսŮһиһ䣬ϵѾ棬ûһ㷴Ӧ˳˲дһ֮⣬ûʲô
˷ܵϡ
Ȼֱض֪ԼŮνġʳѾҪıԵ
ƯСҰˣ
ٻһڡ
ɬѣƺ״̬΢΢˵Ķˡ
С㡭
ţƴ֮У޷԰Ρ
ٻһЦٴӵСǽۻļߣ촽ĵһ£ߵ֮ȫߣ
ţ
ԹԵͷ
УסҪСһ㣬ҪңǸע⣬Ȼ룡һʱҲˣ常˵ˣǸʵѾ򣬾ǿӦģٻ
õģС㣬֪
֪ˣ˯ɣ
ţ
Ůٶ˵ӵŲú˯˹ȥ
ʱҲɫʮѿ
ͨŮĽ̸Խӡ֤ԼĲ²⣬ʵǲԸţ
ĪǣǸصѪʹ
ĻкüɱԼȻȴΪʲôûôأ
ˣȲˣҼ
˼һȴǺܿϢ뿪Ժ䣬ʼҲߣȻûκһܹ֮صΡ
ҲܴڶּҺͶżҶ˲٣±ҼҪһЩ
ʱҲϸңٶȷҲ죬ټϻҪעⲻ֮˷֣һٶȸһЩ
ĹУκη֣һжԵüΪ
û֮ǰԺ䷿Ľ̸»ĻΪأ
ţô£
Ź˰ʱңţȻĿһȻûʲô֮ʣȴǶȻһĿռٲһ¡
ȻֺȻĲÿ죬ȥҲ죬ܻ֮ǰûκα仯ȴע⵽ԭǰǱѲߵһǹʧˣ
֮ʱȥûκα仯Ļ֮⣬Ǹоһ̣Լĺ֮⣬һûУͷ·һյشƵġ
Ծ
ǳԾ
վԭزκζ۳ܴ


Ȼ䣬һ֮󣬾͵ش˷ǰĽЦɫһ䣬æתԪס˫ȻȻĽЦȻȷ΢һЩԾɿʮƺֱһԼ˶ЩմƵġ
ãˣ
ɲǼ䣬ȻӿȻΪģһϺХͬʱһ˲佫뵤˺ܿĽ˹ž޲״̬
˷Ķȴ쳹״ЩЦнѳȻܵĻȴٴһ䣬ʱһﻨűһźٵŮ̹¶ĳ
ÿһŮӶޱգȴͬƵģգһһЦһһŹǰħʹ첻࣬˲١
ţ⼸ŮߵǰǺ޹˼ɵø˵죬߾ѾʼµĶŴ﷢ǽȻʩչ˼£޷Կء

ɲǼ䣬͵ƺһﲿλһʹ࣬ӼȻ״̬гת
һΣǵǧýԶ
ģȻǻ󣡡
תæʼձ̨
ʱ˿̣ܵŮȻʧҲûκε֮Ҳٴλع鵽ҵĻУһȴҲǸΪ
֮ǰոʱǱط˯ȥСٻҲ͵˫ۣһֱϵһѪɫâٻȻɫ䡭
죬ߣ
ٻɷ˵ߵּǺܿ콫ȹϣŮܿӷ뿪Ծ˯֪һеأ
ǿҺԺĳʱȴÿ󷨵Իת
ʱ죬ڳ׾ͬʱҲע⵽ǰٻ͵Ŀעӣɵۡ
ǣ
ղҾĻ󣬿Ѿ׼˵ģԼ̫һЩ
Ҫ׼˵ʲôȴǼǽٻСϵѪɫâʢɿľŸѪɫ㣬ֱĴǰϷɳգۼûܵС
ͬʱǸٻ˫ϼӡѪɫâƶգۼǾŸѪɫûĵƳһѪɫâ

ٻ촽΢ţȻȳ
һϵеĶڲѾȫɡ
Ҳɫ˲䣬ã
ŴŴš
ٴӿķɫ岻ϴǾŸλ󷨵γ˲֮УַɫƿշĵƵģɫúѿ
֮ǰǧýԶΧȻνѳɣ˵ȴûʲô̫Ӱ졭
ʱĿƺ͸󷨣ֱӿٻŮƵģ
С㣬ʲô˰ôү󷨶У쵽Ŀ⣬Ȼ󷨵Щľ
죡
ٻۣٵһĨ븴ӡ
ʲô죿죿
ȵסС죬һ˫Ĵġ

ٻףû뵽Ȼô죬һ常󷨣
ڸô찡
æС㲻˵Ѿʵ𣿿үҲסðɣ
ԣ֮ǰҪǰˣ
ٻۣסھȥغݸɱˣȻȥ֪ͨǵѸٳ룬Ҫٹʲô
ǣС㡭
һҲЩˡ
û˵꣬ٻ֮ϵض˵ߣа취ߣ߲ˣ
ǣС㣡Լģ
ջǿٵ뿪ˣٻٴοĿȴǸΪ˼֣漴ȴǱüᶨ˲٣˫ٴοӡһ˲ͷŵ󡭡
ʱ죬ȴʼձƽûܵ󷨵һӰ졣
ⷢһУȻȴһʱ֮޷ֻܼסԼ񣬶ͼһνһε󡭡


1566 ٻѪݣ
ǧý
һǧýʱС
ɲǼ䣬ǧýϽӿǿĳУ󷨿ʼ΢ٻ΢䡭
ã
һٻԥȴһҧ촽ƺʲô
ۡ
һҧ⣬һѪֱǾĳƵģɿķֳɾŸ֮ǰľŸѪɫ֮˫ٴοӡٴαȶ챾ҪǿƳ󷨵뷨𡭡
ù󷨣ȻѪǿ
оֱ仯ɵɫһ
ˣΪʲôܾٻƺЩϤ
ۣ˸ޱȵɻ
Ȼʱ˵ȴûܹκ׼ȷĻش𣡵ȻǸٻȻҲˡ
죬ǾʹȥҿԷŹ㣡
ʱٻȴĿڣȻ󣬵ȴ
Źң
ˣʱЦǲһֱɱΪһĿôҪŹң
ضʣ㵽߲ߣٻȵ
ߣȻҪߣһԼߣ
ЦȻҺ˽⣬ôӦö֪һЩҵı£ĪΪƾ󷨣ܵס𣿡
˵͸󷨵ٻЩɫʥصʵǾԲܲóģƣҲܽ󷨵һ֮˹»ĻҺ鷳
㣬վǲ˲٣
Խ䣬ǿϴŵЦݣҲ̺ɱ
ŮͨԵŮˣǸ
пܵĻý
ȻЩϤȴѰϤ
֮䣬ע˵ĵˣ
죬㲻ҪңĻٻȵ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ漴ȴǵĵҪ׼ˣɸҿˣ
£һȻ֮ǱΪٻѪǿȴǿʼֲƵҲǲǿٻȻ䣬æӡҪס
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Ȼڸо֮ڵʱٻȴ̲סľ𣬡򣿡
û򣡡Цʼ磬Ӧ
漴ɫһ࣬ޱȵ֣
ɲǼ䣬ȣ֮ĳУΪļչֿҲһɲǼ䣬֮ȫܲסĳһ˲ǽƿ
ۡ
󷨱ƵɲǣٻνˣػƵģɫѩ׵˲üѪ˳ԵޱǱ
΢΢һЦȴǽܿ쳷ϾٻֻʥصʵûˣȴôҲܻĶ֣ҲȻõġ
Ӧþٻ̣
ˣղҲǸŮȥЩˡ
ڻʲô£ʩչҼʶʶ
컺ٻȥǵЦݡ
Цȴ޷ٻеůĿܵǿоһɭɱ֣ƺκζһʱӭһɱƵġ
죬ҡ
ٻ̧ͷź촽Ҫ׼˵ʲôȴ͵ر죬ϷޱȵľᣬȴֱȡҲ֮ǰȻ
ͺƴһƻһĺ
ת䣬ȴ첻ü
ʵһܹһ
ٻվ쵭Ե
Σ
ٻҧΪӮˣΪܹɱң죬Ҹ㣬ǰΣ
˼ϣ
Цٻʱһ͡
ٻǰɣʵ־ܣȻҿɲұ֤һϧ񣡡Ե
Σ
ٻ³κεͶ֮⡣
Ȼˣ͹ֲˣ
кâһгŵǧý˸űĽâܵ¶ȶ˲½˱㣡
Ҫɱң
ٻ죬зĸӣκĵ۽ǣǵһξӨ
Щ첻һ֪ΪξǴʱһ˿Ĳᡣ
˵ˣԸ־ܣʵ졭
һ죬Ϊɱ𣿡
Ѫʱٻչֳһַ̬
˫ҲֳѪɫâ첻ɫһ䣬Ѫµˣ
죬ҼסˣһҪȡ
һѪٴ˵һ仰ɲǣû춯֣ٻǶȻһѪ˲ԭʧ
Ѫݣܣ
ɫ˲䣬Ҳ֮Ѫȥķ׷ȥ
ৡ
ǧý趯һâ˲Ϯ
죡
ǰռУٻһҺ漴ײ
ʱҲʧȥ˼׷ٵķ򣬲ɵüͷһ壬òӰƮ
ʱ쾹Ѿ뿪˲ݳа˰ٶϧû׷ǸٻϲЩʧ
ѪݣƺǰҪһЩ
ۣٻʧķüͷ壬ˣû׷Ͼû׷ϰɣ
֪ΪΣھ˲١
ֻǣƺʶҡ
˦˦ͷ̧˿Ǻʣ漴ųݳǵķ˲ƶȥ

صҺԺ̤Ժ֮ʣǼúü˶Ⱥ򡭡
飬ƣϹٷƣټϳܹˡ
ǰѯʡ
磬ôҵʲôԣʻ
磬ʲôջǸǲѾŪˣǳƵʻ
ܡ
ֶ
ϹٷƺͳҲ漴ڣΨз˹һˮȺȵˮɣ
ӹˮһڣ漴ŽԼԼһм˵һ飬ɫ˲䣬ŭƣҺôĹϺƹ˳ﾹȻҰģҪǳȡ֮
ܣղ˵ԼұѪ֮ˣϹٷüʵ
ţԣͷ
ǾˣΪʲôѪµҪôңǵʵҪԸҵĻӦòô鷳ɣϹٷƺɻ
ӦѪʹµ
֣֡
ҲɻѣʱǳȴǺ˵磬ʵȻܹǸٻĴӵĪѪµʵǿ̶ֳȣѪݣҲѵİɣ
ʵ̫ǿʥأ
̾һüѪݵȷǰ˲٣һʱ죬ֻ˵û취£
ˣǸ
춸Ȼվɫ˲ĵȥԼҵ̣ϣü


1567 аػˮɽ
Ļԥĵͷ뿪Ҳ˲Ѿҹʱ֡
Ȼջһ
Ҵ󲿷̵˶ˣгҵǰȥ»õȵϲŻᱻ˷֡
ǲһ
˵ⲻɵһ̾
Щ˵ȷ򵥣
ۣѵأţ
ֶڻЩʲôʵ
˶٣ɱһҪȥҸˣ
ǺǡļȥҲͬˣЦЦ
ţ
⻰ǳ⣬˶Щ㵡
΢΢һЦԵ֮ǰұǸٻСУǸŮԸҪȥغݸӶѾһʬˣ
˻һҾЩɫ䡣
úݵţ
˵ϣһغݱˣôҾͻ˶ңǳҼʱ۾һĵ
ţ
ͷû֪ڲǲǻˣԲֵĻһҪ飡ɱŹ
֣ɱʮ㣡
ʱ˿̵ѾûϰԵаЦ¸͸¶һ˿˿䣡
ֶģ
ͷʾף΢һٺЩɵʵôֶҪҪȥ֪ͨһ¶żңּԼ壿Ͼܴ󣬾ҳܹ£ȴҲһȲˣ
ǺǡͿԼˣ
΢ЦӦ
֪֮ôʣȫΪ֪Լ֮Ĺϵ
˵ףΪ˵ЩΪ˸һӣ
ã֪ˣھȥһ£ϣٶң
˵꣬Ҫ뿪

ȻȴǺĽסڳפŤͷЩɻ֮ʱ̧е˼£ʱܵᣬת˲γŮ˵Ӱ
ǣҲǽٻС㣬ԼŮ
ֶǡʵ
Ա߼ҲЩ΢òǸٻȷȻ󣬵ֳӰ񶼺ֹǵ
һ¡
Ǿ֮ǰᵽŮˣһһͣȻҲȷǵǷݣҲΨһˣ
С֣ŻԵ벮ԸȥȫѰңǸٻһӦƲᣬӴҲһĻὫҳ
˵˶٣⣬ҲԷа
ãȥ죡ȺúϢʱҲˣ
ͷŮӰº֮뿪
ʱϹٷҲ֮ԵܣҪҪҲ㣿
ʱã
ҡҡͷݺǰͬ캣ͷӵѪ
ðɣ
ϹٷҲ׵ȷЩʣ漴ԵһʲôҪĻ̺˵
ţ
ͷϹٷҲŷСվ˵ʱ䲻ˣҺˣҲϢɣ
ã
ٴεͷϹٷ§ɬķ뿪ЦͳƣаЦλˣҿǱһӵаǲ׼𣿡
ৡ
⻰ͳŮ৵һ±ͨ죬ѵĳһڣĿУЦѵܻط䡭
¸¡ܲˣ
ааһЦǽ󣬲ʱŷŵĹرգŮĽȻ𣬶Ǳһһֱ޶Ͼ

ʱ䣬аȻԪ½ϴڼϳԼ巢ͨ棬Ԫ½ϵǶ׷ΪѰŮӶж
ڼ䣬Ҳȥݷһ²ݳǵ塣
ʵѾڻԪ½ϼ˵޵аĴڣȴҲһݡ
⣬аķȻò˶жٻȴţ뺣һ㣬ûκһõϢأͳǶЩʧ
ڲݴ˲ʱ䣬ǱǸ뿪һˮɽǱ߶ȥ
죬飬ѣԼƺɶŮ֮⣬Ϲٷˡ
ڷŮȴǱȻԺУϾǶûǸʸˮɽ
ˮɽϣδͷϹԶʦĪˮԼʦＧõԵޱҸ
ˮɽ˵һ뿪ʼĵط
Լʵ
ˮɽôҲܳΪа٣ӵ˵ǰԪ½ʵ
ˮɽͷӺλʦгޱȵĸм
˺ʵԶǣֻһӣһ
ҵ飬ҲԺͷ˵һ£ͷǵɫޱء
ѪƺԻԪ½Ҳƻ˴Ļ³ҳ綼ᱻҸ̵ʱݳǶ˶ңҲѪ֮˴õĶֻᣡ
Сӣ֪ˣ
ϹԶͷһͷԸȥµҲһң
ţ
Ӧ
ϹԶ˵ЩˣָĲ캣󣬶һݣ쫷ҽ
쫷ҽУϹԶ϶Ҳջ˲ٵǿ£ЩһĻҲὫʸһЩ
ϹٷЩϹԶ쫷ҽݣȻҲδʲô
Сӣ׼죿ϹԶŶȣĪˮͼõŪӣʵ
ȷӦò̫
ۣ漴ΧǾֵ֮˵ǰ£һʱз齲˳һ˲˲١
˵ѪµĿľΪ˼۷崫ʱϹԶɫһ䣬ǼһﾹȻ
ţ
⻰첻һͷӣ֪ʲô
ʱ˵Ŀⶼ׷ϹԶϡ
ϹԶҲǳƬ̣ˣС㹻ʵЩҲͲùˣ
Сӣ֪۷Ĵʲô˶٣ϹԶʵ
ţ֪һЩ
ףصҵǺаؼҵǱӰľģԼҵǳ׻龧ʸΪ⹫Ǳ߶ľûʣԲ
һ룬ʹ֪ĸĴʲôϵϹԶ÷ʵ
ϵ
Զʱһͷӣ⵽ʲô˼ǴбʲôĹϵ
ƨСǲʵˣȴð׳ˣ
ϹԶû̧֣û£ȴǺٺһЦܿٺ١ͷӣ򲻵ˣ
أ
ȻɲǣǺױֱһ£ϹԶƲЦСӣ㻹ΪĳӲˣ򲻵𣿡


1568 ǣϹԶĽ

ľĪ
˵ʵڵģղѾʮֵľ񣬿ɾȻû취㿪ͷӵıϮ
ͷӣ㵽ʲôʵߵϹԶ߶£ֺõʵ
ʲôʲôʵ
ϹԶƲƲ죬СӲǽú𣿺ߣһؾ˲Ӹ㣬ҪͷĻ㶼㲻ˣ
ǣǣǸָָ߸ְ
ԥһƨϣĵϹԶǰֱԱ߼˿ҲǹֱЦ
˿ӣаٵ˴򼸸
ˣƨˣֲ
ϹԶûĵҪ֪ҵʲôʵԺ˵ɣСӣΪͺ˲ڵʵǸѪԳĻǷַӵ¶

Ū켫
ϹԶиֳأɫҲ漴˲١
ףȻϹԶһһСӡĽĹȴӹɵģ
ͷӣǸѪôǿüʵ
˵ģֻǿ
ϹԶɫҲһЩɫûƴĻǼһҪͻķˣ
ͻķ룿
⻰ֻԼӶҪµ
Ǵ۷Ĵ
ѵ֮ϣߵľ磿
ɣΪʲôû˵أ
֪ΪΣʱԺкȻֳ˼Ӱ
ص̣Ǹûһ䣬ȴʮϤùãߣǸֹֻһεİȴϤá
⣬֪ΪΣĿǻ¶ۼǱһۣų˵Щ㵣ȴ˵˼˼ģ飬ɵڸǰδеɻŶ
Ȼɻ֮ʱȻúһʹعϹԶֱӵȥͷӣִʲô
㻹ģСӣòҪøԶ
ϹԶ۵УҸղŵ㻹ûش𣡡
ʲô
һ뵽֪Ĵ󴫳бĴ֮Ĺϵ첻üͷһ壬ܿ˳˼
ϹԶ״ҲĺһץϵĲ豭һں꣬һ˼ģһ߰Ų豭ļƺֻҪش𲻳ǲ豭ֱӹȥƵġ
ɾͲһ᲻صıôˣ
ֻ죬Աߵļ˶׷׿ʼ˼һʱĿЦ֮⣬ԺоԵΪ
ڣ۾һͷӣ֪ˣ
֪˾˵˷ҵı飡ϹԶûĵ
ã
Цã漴ȴɫԵȲң塭
ؼ򶫷ľ䴫֮ͬΪľԵıӰľģԸպ
ôôʸĽľҲ˵ùȥˣȻԼҵĳ׻龧Ҳ˵ͨ
֮ܶһ仰ķöӦͬԵĴ˵Ķ԰ɣͷӣ
˵ϹԶҲǿ¶һĨЦݣС˵ˣô˵˵ΪʲôҵǺаأ

һ£֪λش
Ͼǰղ˵˵ӦԵĴŶԡ
аƿУ˲֪ҲԼԺаȴָƣͲʲӵ
ɲ⣬ǺͷӣϹԶһóɸֵĵСӣ˭һҪˣѵ㲻ֻ֪һͳĻĪǶУֻľԵ߲ɣ
ţУ
·𱻴һȴһǶȿʼ˼⣬ȴǶȻ۾һеڰףڰסˣںͰף
СӣһһէŻأ
ϹԶոյãϵĲ豭ûһӵڵϡ
ٺ١ʲôͷӣ֪ˣаʵ飬һΪ񣬶ΪаҲǷΪһһףҲ˵ǶӦԣǰɣһЦ˵
ţ⻹࣡
ϹԶͷһڲɫһʵС룬ΪʲôҵǺа񣬶֮еͽԣ
һĲ֪벻˵
Ҳܹ㣬С֪Ҳˣ
ϹԶûٴθ챬豭Ϻ΢ֱһӣΪаڲѾ߳У
ν̫̫ǣǻУ˵
̫ʵҲ࣬ȴҲͬΪ̫˵ǵںϣ
ǻС֮˵ָȴǿеĲͬת
ϹԶĻҶ˶䣬Īˮͼõˡ
ȴǺĴϵͷӣЩаʲôϵ

ϹԶûĳһۣƲӣǿЦãҲܿļԵԭʵܼ򵥣ϹʱڣʵĸΪңŻĴĴڣ򵥵˵Ĵҵĸӹ

ɫȻһ䣬ⲻܰɣ
ʱߵҲ׷׾첻ѣֱŻ
Ĵʵεǿ󣿾㲻ңȴҲǸӹɣ
ʲôܵģ
ϹԶûĵⱾʵ
Ǻа񲻽ҵĴô򵥣
СܹƿأҪĴĴ֮ҲǷַӵѣ
ϹԶ˵΢һ٣ɻʵ⣬аԴģ˵ǰĵá
ɸղ˵ĴϹʱҵĸӹΪʲôӸӹǶһķ̰ɣֵ
ǿҲ˭Ⱦģ
ϹԶԵȴ֪ϹʱڣĴϱֻʱ䳤ӵţ˵ģ
ѪҪʲôأʵ
ܼ򵥣Ҫƿ򣡡
ϹԶѪ˵ĵ˾壬ʱҶʲôֻܶĸ֣ԼҺؼҲô
ֻҪĴĴҽգôͿƿĴĴУͬʱǸʱаı£֮⡭
ˣϹԶȴǶ˶٣ż֮⣬»һֿܣ
ʲôܣʵ
ȻϹԶȴĳĬɫ粻ȥʮѿ
ڹ˺һһҪ׼ȷ˵ҪΪϹʱڵѪ±Ŀ쫷Լ磡


1569 Ĵ˵

ΪϹʱڵѪ±
쫷ͺ磿
ϹԶĻٿصɫЩɡ
ҵĵ伮ҲһЩں˽ȴֻ֪࣬ƺѪ˺ܶĴһѪ¾ʹ˳
ģĲ֪ȻҪǵ伮УҲûм١
ʱ˿̣˭Ҳûע⵽һŵľâ֮⣬ڵĿⶼȫϹԶϡ
ͷӣ⵽ô£ôɲԺϸ˵˵ʵ
ҲǴ쫷ҽĴм֪ģҲ֪׸ò˵ڿ²˵Ҳˣ
ϹԶЦѣɫԥջǱüᶨ
һϹԶԵҵĵ伮Уĵ伮УӦöԺЩ˽⣬֮⣬Ĵ֪
Ϊ˹أ׷ʵ
ɣôãҪ׷Ҳǲˣ
ϹԶʼ磬ҾͺǶ˵һ˵ںĴ˵ɣ
˵һ£Ҳһ㶡
Ǵ˵Ϊڵ˵ѾңɼĴˣ˴˵һʣĲ֪ʲôȥݣ
ϹԶףԵǰڲ֪ǰҲ˺ܶεֻأųΪ֮ˣ
ϹʱڣһȳΪ޶ĴڣͼҪıɱǰνǶӯ
ҲЩɫ䡣
ôһȻԳΪһִ˵
ⲻǻ֮
ע⵽ҵɫ仯ϹԶ΢΢һЦ˵Ȼǰھ֮ʰ䣬ʵʤǰŽ;ǸʱѪ²һֵһС
ǰļλ˺ͺնȥΪߵĴڣںƿҲи˲٣ټѪ֮˵İͼıѪǿ󣬳ΪǸʱ۷
ͬʱ쫷Ҳ֣֮Ѫ˵쫷ȴаƾԼϲ£
ʱƣѪԼ쫷粢Ϊʱ۷
ѪΪνǶӯԹصѪͼҪƺ쫷磬ȡ˽ڽʤǰڵ֪֮Դ˳֣£쫷ԸѪ£Ѫ³Ϊ˺Ĺʵһȱѹ͵㣬ͱ
֮ǿֻҪǰһգǱضûѪµĳͷ֮գ
ԣѪھ˴֮ǱݷչҲǵʱѪȷûʲô֮Ҳ֪˼Ѫ³ˣ̶Ԫ½ֲң
˵ϹԶЦһ£żڵʱĴսУ쫷Ҳ˲أ쫷ϺҶ쫷ʧҴҵĴмУ쫷ϵĴƺѾϵ
ڻԪ½ĪɽǼһѡ˲ͬĿռ䣬ΪľϣܹԼŬϵĴҵȻֻ²ᳬǧ֮һҲòô
ûϵ쫷磬Ͳ쫷磡
ϹԶ̾һĬٶԡ
ʱɫҲȻѡ
컹ûмͷ⸱ģǲ֪ȥο
ǺǣǼЦˣ
һ˵ĳĬУϹԶԳЦЦ˵Ǽ˵ɣ
Դǰնȥ֮󣬱ǰǰķԸʱһȴǶĴڣ
ǣȴ֪δʧҲкԱĴڣ
û´ĻҲЩϵȻ㲻ȡƿغа񣡡
ϹԶô˵첻Щ죬Ϊʲôأ
ΪаʵҲǺǰ֮Ĵ֮
ϹԶɫӵһ죬ֻ¾ҼҲ֪飡

һ⻰Ϊˣһʱ֮侹ǲ֪ô˵
ǿѾϹԶУԼҴڵĲٵ伮мڲһĨڴ
ܹúаƿغĻôԸѪԼѪϣǸʤ㣿
ƺ룬ϹԶļ̾СӣɲҪ̫ˣΪΪ֮ô׵ô
ðɣ֪ˣҲøԶģ
صͷ
ҲŲټôصĻ⣬໥˵ŹȥһЩҲӳû˲١
ΧȻ뵽һ¶ɵʵͷӣ֮ǰ÷λſȥѵλʦûȥʲô˷𣿡
ϻ˵أ
ϹԶûķһۣĪˮȴ΢΢һЦҲӦ֪ˮɽҪԣҪʲô˽ͼĻǺ룡ԣһֱߵ鶼ҺʦŪģ
һЦ
ۣ˵ҲþûķˣĪˮЦӦ
ʱ˿̣ԺеձüΪ֣صЦʱ˵ƽ˼ŨôҵЦݾͼûмٹ

ˮɽ˼죬ǴȥвԪݵԼҼˣԼǶһ̤ȥѧԺĵ·
˲ƣûкķʲô̫ʱ䣬Ȼ˼ѧԺķΧС
ʱľռ⣬ٲȻ뵱ȫͬ޽˲ٵĽΪѧԺԺ
ļѧԺ룬֪жרŹѧ
һ࣬ǾͲòüѧԺĹء
ѧ֮ˣҪһϵеĿ˲ܳΪԺѧԱѧϰ֮ͨԺԼλԺϺѦϵĹͬˣӵнռʸԴ˳ΪļѧԺԺѧԱ
ȻԺѧԱԺѧԱ˵ȴǼΪϡٵģ
ʮԺѧԺһܹһɹ
ǲΣǰѧԺѧҲԽԽ࣬ôʱļѧԺŲԪ½һѧԺ
ĳ֣ȥʮҵӣȴǳΪ˲ʮԺѧԱǵĿ۽֮
˿̵ȴûȥЩڼѧԺ⼸ķչпѣȥ⸽һѾ״ˣѧԺֹУȴʱŶκε
ιʲô
ڻŹһеʱ򣬺ȻԶԶһһ͵תȥЦ겻㲻ǵˣ
ûµĸã
ǣѾˣٲȻһ󸾵Ĵ磬Ӻݻ󣬶֮ԺѧԱҲǷ׷׹ĽšԺҲǲ¶һĨЦݣһĨοЦݡ


1570 پۣС֣

ԺĳƺΧѧԱǷ׷
磿
ЩƵɫȻһΧĿĿУԭӺݵ̬ȫȻʧͬСŮƵֱ˵컳У֮ǲҪǮƵ˳
ôˣżû
ҲǸпȴЦݵĺ󱳣Ϸʵ㿴ڳʲôģˣôˣѵͲ±Ц𣿡
Ǹң
һ죬æĻֱ󻹴һ˿˿ˮΧȥŬȥ
ৡ
ĻΧڿֵѧԱǷ׷׻æ뿪ƿʲôøƵģ쿴Ĺֱ֡
ҵҲƣ
ǺһЦŪոճֵ˲ٴαǰС̬ɲѡ
磬Цң
Ŵв漴߾˫ֵĴЦУż⳯ȥɵЩʧ磬ûһ𣿡
ȥвԪǱˣϾҪȥˣ
һЦͷˣȲ˵ЩղǽԺ
Ű
ףӦı仯Ҳ˰ɣҺƱǼѧԺԺԺŶˣڻæأ֪ͨ

ЦŰڰ֣æҵߣ
ۣ
Ȼܾ漴Ǻ첢УһӦŲѧԱĹһΪ콲⸽һУ첻ʱصͷޣв
Ҳòп⼸ʱѧԺı仯ȷܴ󣬴Ҫʶˡ
ֱ仯ڼѧԺ˵ȴһ£
ҲֻѧԺܹ
ˣ磬㻹֪ɣԺļʦŶһĳ켷˼ۣЦ
Ŷ˵ҴǼˣǶǼСӣüëһʵ
ţ
ͷӦ漴һָһ˵ܿȻ诣һ壬ƽ߸أ
Ŷ
һЦʵľ˾Ȼ˶ڣأ
ɻؼˣ
ЦʧһЩ˵ɼ£;λԺͬǰҵѾһ˰ɣ
ǻûʲôϵͷʵ
еأ
ЦݣЦ㲻֪أǼһǱƭȥģȥ֮ͳأںϱҪأ
ģ̫ˣû뵽ô˶кӣٺ٣Ц
һ٣ʲôʵˣôˣһ£Ӧò˰ɣ
˵֣ƵĶӣ֣
ţѾһ£
ᵽԼĶӣ¶ޱȴȰЦݣȫ簮
ȻҲȥҵ
ЦȻڴӦ
ʱȻһ𣬡磿
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ĻڿԱ߲ԶһС֣ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȴǷ׷̾ѣ֪С

ϸϸĹ۲һСͻȻʵС껹ǰꣿ
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СȴЩԹԵ콲ڼѧԺеĸҲǺȤţСѾͷֵͬİƵģߴߴ˵ͣж࿪ˡ

ңҲڲ򣬵ȴвԪݽ֮
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ΪСϰ˲ƵٶȣһԪ䱣һҲǼʩչ˲ƣܿׯ԰ĲԶ
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ڨЦͷһǣС֣һ˵Żȥһ·ǻеŮӶ磬¶żΪЦݣ˿ûκεĲ첻ףܹӣȷҲĸˡ


1572 £
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СٵĵԴǿģҲһЦһС

СʱвԪݺͶݽĳɽߣڼ֮˵أкüʬʱ˵ɫޱѿ
ڲ˹ĽУɺ쾶ֱĳȥʱһɽڼɵĸĸ
ʱ˿̣Ҽĵ»ԵڵϣȻѾһٵӡ
ĵߣһȻˣȻմȾ˲ٳȴԵΪӺݻĸչˣҲɵĸףأ
ĸףˣ
ǰʵôˣ


1573 ڤ׾Ʋݣ
ɶôˣ
Լӳ֣زɫһ䣬˹ˣһô죿ڻôˣ
ĸףڲ˵Щʱ򣡡
ɰڰ֣ĵ¼ӣһߵ͸׶⵱ӵôܲ

һ̾漴Ŀȴϣλǣ
ŶҾᵽ磬а죡ɵ
ĸã
΢΢ǷȴǼѣаٵôû˵
Ԫ½ϣһûһܹΪѾвٵ˽쿴Ǻߴʥͬȼˡ
Ȼֻʵ𾪵ӵɣ
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һüȥڸȻǱյһƫƫ˿κƵĺۼǵʲô
һͷͻһͷֵͻ
һĨ⡣
˵ԪǰڵʵӦ˾²Ŷԡ
ԾŰɫĻ棬ӸЩ͸·ǾƵģʵǿҲǰ˼ħޣ
¶ɫԵҲ֪ΪʲôֱӶչЩ˶Ǳһͷˣ㸸Ϊ˱Ȼ³һŰɫĻ棬㸸׾ͱˣ
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Աü˵֮ȴæʵĸͷͻİɫǲǺ䣿
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ĸˣ˵Ҳôģֻ
Цѣ֪ڤ֮ײѰ棡ȻаսӲǿҲ˶걻𣬴Ӷ

⻰غɶʱɫ䣬Ǹô죿
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΢΢һЦʲôĸúչ˲ŵҩ£ٿԱ֤ڸܵκˣɣ
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һŤͷʵĸγǲΪѰһݣΪ˸ϱ̥

ĻɵͷӦǵģҲ֪ǴĶϢ˵бƲݣ˹ժģ
˵΢һ㶣ȻʲôƵģ磬ò˵ΪǱƲݣֶԸҸĸİɣ
ɿЦãΪǲ֪㲻֮أ
̥кַܶҲ


1574 ɸΪ
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̥ķк֣ܶȻƲݵȷԻеŮ˺͸ڵ̥кܴôʵҲȫԴﵽ̶ֳȡ
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˵Ҳǲʶˣר̹ΪĲƲݣȻҸطúõİѺ𣿡
ҲһЩ˵ɣֻҪԸ⻯ɸΪ񲯣ұ֤ÿ׼һЩ̥ʳɵСԸ͹ôŶˣҵֵܣ㲻ص㰵ֵģ
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˵ֽ취õģҲʱЩŵɳ׷

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һֱۼһĻزɵĻɵһæ̽ĵµ״ŵҲǳ׷
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һɼ״ҲǽǱƲݵ齲˳òЩЦá
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һɻӵȽǿ
磬ˣ
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ףЦҵһ䣬ǧҪʲôĻȻĻһٴǴһĲҲû취ˣ֣֮ܶģ
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һֱȵСĲ£ʼĩʵ֮ȴǿЦãվǽˣΪϱɲȥֱǺĹš
ȴǺ뵽Һڤ׾Ľף۾һҲø


1575 Ĺ£ۣ
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Ψ죬ȴؿ˼ҴСһۣϸֳһĨЦݡ
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Ҳ΢ЦΪ˵Īʲôƽϣ
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ԴʱҲúɵĿ⿴Լеӡ
Ϊʣָ̧̧ۣǴӣЦ
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磬ᣡ²˼
ɼæҲ˵ǰ٣϶˼ģ
ǺǣɣĸֻǶԵõ뷨ЩѣûʲôûʲôЦŰڰ֡
Ȼô˵ˣҲ
һĨЦ⣬˵룬ҲɣһΪܹã
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üëһԸ꣡
һȻض˵ղŷɸѾ˵Ĳˣÿȥ͸ڤ׾һЩ̥ʳȻΪùϵ
Ц˵ڵڶ㣬粢δԣȴһ󵨵Ĳ²⣡
ùϵܹ֮ڤ׾ңΪҵػޣø
˸ǻ۵Ĺâ˵ĺӣҲԣ԰ɣ磿
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ⷽ棬ǻûȥ
Ҳֻţùϵܹ֮ڤ׾շ֣ҽΪѵʱܹæ
ΪҵػޣʵûҲȥ룡
һʱ䣬ﶼԵЩ
ɵĺô˲٣ظ˫ȭƺڤ׾Ϊػ֮Ρ
ȴ΢΢һЦܹӣˣðЩɲҪȥ룬΢в̤¾ͻ֣֮
ڤ׾ɲѰľżħޣɳΪʥҲһ
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УΪڤ׾Ѿڤ֮ߵԵʣΪĵҲû̫ĺķѣЩ˵;Ҫһָ֮⣬ڲʮʱѾȫתûһΣ
ԴˣҲǶмϾûĻҺڤ׾֮䣬ֵһɿĳ̶ȣߣ˵һ˶֣֮
ĵ֮رԷԸ׼ƲˣǺһǻ԰еͤСƺˣܿǹɵߣһº󣬱ſ˯ȥ
˵СЩˮȴżΪõЦݣǶѡ
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˯ȥСѾͷ˵˵˲١
Ȼ䣬ȴһȻȥЦã˼ȻҪ߰ݷãǽҵϢ֪ͨ˹˼Ұɣ
ղȻӵĴš
һ׼Ǳ߻ˣҶա
ڶ˼ҼӺҲһݷãԻ׼ҡ
ȻҲܹ뵽ǹ¸ţȻΪʲôӺ粻ƫƫѡʱ򣬶һǺͬ·У
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죬󲿷ֵʱ˵ǹ¹ԹԵһţʱʱ˵ϼ䣬ȴΪº͡һֱȾƲ׼ĲˣԹ֮ʱŽ̸ⷬҲǽСѣǣСѾͷֳԷȥˣ

ʱ֣
飬ѣŮԼټϹ˼ҼӺܹһˡ
ѾָĵºԳӭӭׯ԰С
ְְ֣֡
Сһһͷ컳Уһ߶źְ֣ȫů
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ȻѾ֪˽͵ܵǵĴڣԵЩŤ
ְ֣˭ѽ
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СҲֱ콫ǿʵҧһڣٵļڳ£˲ĹСЩƼݵֳһĨĺΣ˵ľ񶼺˲١
״ȴæ̽һС״ɵöʱһʵȻС״˲٣ԭʮƣһ
ְ֣߰ʲôǴĶõģЩʵ
Ͳ㣡
СƲƲ죬һЦ󣬱СֳǰȥšҡСŸϣ˿ûгէУ쿴ĿЦá
ңɶŮлôһԹŮڣ֮ҲǵõһЩο


1576 Ӻ
Сһǵ鶯ɰڳ֮˶һݸ
ҲǿЦõҡҡͷǸĳĵ˵һǸ򸾶ȴֱʾû£
Ͼڱ˵ļܲñ˵ԼĶŮûнɣ
һ˻԰£Ѿ׼˷ˣҲû˿Χ
ǽӷ磬˵նԵüΪңӺ˿ǻеŮּΪ⹫ϲãֻÿοʱʼնЩֹӣ
΢΢һЦҲżѯʡ
Ӻ飬Ȼ˵ģαؼһʱ
ҲĵºǽһˣԷ򸾿ĿҲмֹ죡
ȻѴɿеֻ֪߲һŮˣŮ˾ɫദ֮ãȴҲһΪ¶
Ͼ˽£Ҳö˵ʲô
һٷѾǿҪʱˣ⻨԰кȲ죬ܵҲΪ⡣
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һĻټЦôҶһĿĸо
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΢΢һЦӦµǿʵãҲԴСȥԶԺ䷿УСڴϲһ˯ŵĿɰģһĨϧ硣
ߵŮúӦҲ漴ص˻԰С
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а٣һΪ̵常
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ҹҪ˯ЦõֻӦ£׼úõغŮ˶˶أһ˫ŮҪ£ֻܽ뷨ƺˡ
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С죬ЦЦУӦðɣǺúӣ͸ְ֣߰ǸŶһأ

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СӣСȴǱ۾˯һοڣûκλӦֱЦãҲֻܲȥˡ
СӵĽëȻû˯ţ첻׷ʺȴҲ¶Цݣץס첲СҲ΢һЩ
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Сһ漴Ǳһ˯ȥ
ȻԸ˵Ҳټ׷ʣСɲ٣ܲһĶȥʳɣ

ڶϣһԹ緹֮󣬹Ӻˣһֹģ
״ǴĸҸ뿪ԵüΪͻݣùӺЩ˼
˼ձлҪ˵֪Ϊ£Ӻһ裬Цŵ
ٻ棬Ӻ
ӺæЦһ¡
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Ӻԥһ£˵ἰȥǱߡ
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ͷ
иҲٮٮߣ
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⻰첻Щ㵡
ӺڨڨһЦȫȻûһһ֮ʡ
˼Ժ⣿
üߣϣ˼ҼȻţǱҪúǣǾͷܿѣ
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Ŷ
벻Ӻ˾ٵкĿģ΢˼Ƭ̣˼㿴ɺãһȥһԪݣʱȼ˵Σ


1577 ٹ˼ңԴ
˵ӺҲٶ˵ʲôһ漴ǡ
ûһŮȴǻˣٶЩ㵣ôô磿أ
Сȥˣģ˸ţ£
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˵أ
⻰ʱûķһۡ
һЦҲ֪ǲܵģֻ˵˵ѡ
㰡
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˼֦ˣ
һЦôӦ𣿡
û˵ȿ
ʼ磬漴üͷ΢ļҿ˼ֹӣƺʲôû˵ûô򵥣
ò˼ҲѪйذɣʱ
Ļ᣿
ûİֵѪȻǿ󣬿ɻûʲôܹȥһŵı£
˵ǹ˼ʲôƲƲ죬ʵ
˭֪أ
ٴʼ磬ȥǱ߾֪ˣҪ˵үӲҪȥһ𣿷ԪǱߣҾ˳ȥ˼һǣ
˵΢һ٣ֵǸմǱ߻ҪҪһȥ
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ϡǵãһμӺʱүӳְ˼ҽǱɽռѷ⣬ȻһȴϣǹӺȴ켫Ϊ벻м
Ӧ˹үӵλʥһ棬֪Ӻôأ
ȴ͵ʱȫһƵģԴ֮ӺŶ𾴣ƺѾӹϿлٵĶ˽һЩ˽⵽ʲôĳ̶ȣҲֻйӺԼˡ
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ӺЦӦһ£ڴԵȣڲʮʱ䣬ӺԴһԼĪʮҵ˹
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һڲ裬ЦǺǵĵȻˣ˼ֺαǿѣ£˰ɣ
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Ӻżˣû뵽֮ǰ˵úúõһҪòһﾹȻƣǺε֮٣
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ǹԴӣҲŭˣûǹӺ˵꣬ǽһ䣬Ʋ
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ɡ
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֮ܶڵĹӺìܡ
ѾսһĹԴ磬аЦи˸һζĹâ
Դȷ̫߰һЩǲһЩ֪Ϊĸ߰ʲô¡
ء
˽ּ죬֮ǿƽɫľ棬ȴڽӵʱ䳹ƫߡ
һĽУԴѿĲϵֵν˸ɲζĹƶʼˮһ಻ǿŸ߰һ˲ܵ˼Ĵ
ΪֳԼһȵô˿̵ĹԴг⡣
㾹ȻңҺƴˣ
һǹԴǿгһȭִͷϿճͷֱ£޾ĺ·ҪһɱƵġ
һеĻ绹ĻΣա
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Ӻɫ˲ʱ䣬Ҫȥ
ȻȴȽסԵ˼ţҿȥǣ
١
Ӻ죬ɿƽаЦɵҲٶ˵ʲô˵ȥˡ
ƴˣƾǵԪڵʵҲ䣿
˿̣ۿǹԴּԼͷϣȴǲмһ͵âһζȻƽһЩֱұӭȥ
һĹ֮ùӺĿɿڴ


1578 ԴĺޣԼң
һΣȷ˵ֹѡ
磬ĹԴҺһұ۽ˣùԴʵͬʱȴҲ¶ޱȵĵǡ
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кâһҪȥʹǼһûΪԴұ۱϶κ˼
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ʱǰ˲һͣջǹԹ˻صվ
ʱֱ˹ԹŮӣûһ仯ղִ򶷶˵㲻ϡ
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ۼֻͣع飬ӺżæȥסԴԳΪӺöϵұۣʹеĹԴǻָһЩ
ɴʱͷ亹ϵҲ˲٣ü١
ҪǣԴ˫Ȼû˸߰ȴԵĺ
벻ԼȻһ׵İһȥСһЩŮϣҪ绹ûȫ䣡˿ɣɱĻѾһʬˡ
˼˼ѾͷûûصģðүĵطǸˣ쵭Ե
ˣȫԴҵģٺСС޹أ
Ӻæ˵ͬʱ¶ۼĳԴʹһɫ
ɴʱĹԴȴŶĺ⣬ټϳΪԼһȵڸû˵κһ仰һ㲻˼ı鶼ûС
һĻԽʧˡ
Ҫ˸Լߣ񲻻Լ鷳
ңͨʱ˽⣬ȻǹԴû˵ʲôȴ˼˽⡣
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˴ǳӺ˹֣Цŵ˼˼ˣҺ绹Ҫ£Ȳˣǣ
˵꣬ȹӺ˵ʲôֳȥʱǳ뿪˹Ӻߣý׷ĹӺɫ˲һ壬Ϊŭ߻ص˹Դǰ
ҪĻڿŴ˿̹Դϱ۵ģɵһ̾Դǲ֪ô㣡
ôˣ
ԴߵұǸŮ˸һ٣㻹˵ҲʶôѲɣҪҸɱˣһһ㷴
㣬㡭ˣ
ӺòУɳԹԴĳ磬ȴ޷˵ʲôص߳
ȥʰһ£ұԴȥԼףԼңҪұֵúһЩ֪𣿡
Ӻһ仰һ˦뿪ˡ
Լס
ԴҲһүԼǲԸϹۣҾͲˣǸû͸¶ŮжãߣЩԵ𣿡
иղǸŮˡ
Դٴαޱߵĺâ֣ҧгݵĺŮˣҪȻһǸģҪƤ
ʮ㣡
˿̵ĹԴͷűɱ
ڹӺûȻ˹ԴЩ֪ᱻųʲôģء

ΪԪ֮һԼңԪݵĵλνΪףҲвٵĸ
Լׯ԰ǳΪ˲Լ֮ĿʥһĴڣ
ӹ˼뿪֮󣬱Ǿֱߡ
ΪԼҼ԰үӵ֪ϢԳӭӭׯ԰ڵĻ
ܿ죬뽪򸾣ԿĪ˪򸾣ԼԾ򸾶׷ٶȸ˻֮⣬ȻԼͬĽ硭
ԷСùҲһĻԼҵ˾Ͷȫˡ
ֻԷƺ̫ԶټϻҪҪȥһʱҲϲ
λϵүӳ칰˹֣ЦСһֱѾͷܶչˣлˣ

ǷǷЦҲҵĸŮҲʺҵĹʮŬҺǶϲѰ
Ǻǡ
үº룬һ۴յԾ͹ߵ磬ż룬СӦôж֪һЩ˼ɣ֪СΪΣ
ϴԺ⣿ĵֻ˵£Сһˣȴδԡ
Ŷô
⻰ү˽ЦЦŵˣҲֱˣ
˵СϴӦ
ѾͷʮʱСѧϰȻȥҲʮ䣬СǷ˽ӵʱ򣿡үЦеĿ죬ʵ
Ȼ
ͷȻʱȴǺĴ˵үүҲˣҪŰְּ
磬
Ծ͹缱æס磬ȻȻû˵ˣȴ۾үӣкǲ
磡
ü죬ԹԵ
һĻԼ֮˿Цá
ĸвסѾͷȴһйԹ
⣡
쳯үЦЦ漴˵ĲȷǵӦýʱ򣡡
ְ֡
һȴЩˡ
ţ
ŤͷһۣѾͷԹԵٴα죬һ˿ûԱ֮˵Ȱο
ϣ˵ǲҲ
ԵȻһǸĸ֮ý֮ԣڳλ뿴粻İɣ
Сô˵ǲ֮ͬˣүҲǲɫһ
ͬ⣬ǰԼҲҪӦ˵
ҲӦҶӦվ˵
ѾͷүүҲΪð㿴㶼ˣҪѰ˼ңӶˣүЩЦõ˵
ҲܣҾǲͬ⣡
죬˿ûɿڵ˼
㣬Ҫүү𣿡үôӵۡ
磬񣡡
缱æȥӣֻһʱûͨѣ
ĸףҲŲأ
˵Ҿǲ飡˵ˣͺãܵ˵ˣԶԶǷֿģ
ƺĸԾ͹Ϊףĸףְ֡ƺҲֻһˣ
磬㡭
ҲЩɫ䡣
ԶֿǲǾζѾͷһӶˣ
һʱ䣬ڵļ˶Щɫѿ
磬Ҳô룡Ѿ͹˼Ǳ˵ˣ˼ҼӺҲ˹
԰үȻһӣŭҸ㣬Ļ¾ôˣҪٸ˵һ֣ͲԼҵˣ
үүҡ
ү⻰ڳ˶һȰ˵ҲҧҧҪ˵ʲôʱȴǺüϣôЩðɣôã粻ϲĻ޹ȥҲǻѵΪүүԸ⿴Ժˮ֮У


1579 İ취
˻һүӵɫΪѿ
ΪԼ֮ԪݣԪ½϶ԺգԼ񶼾˵ĻԼҼŻʲô˼
ףҾֶ˵öԣ
Ī˪ҲԿ֮ޣæӼ棬ĶԶԷĻ˵ģֶæϧԹһˣҲʧǣ
⻰Ȱ˵ʵȴҲǶүӵһѡ
ݣ
Ϊ췴ĿԼʵǿ󣬾ԼҲвٵĹϵ˭ұ֤첻һŭ֮¶ԼҶ֣
Ī˪ʦĪˮãҲܶδĪˮж˽⣬ŭ֮£Լһ治һܹס
үҲǱһ˲Ī˪˵˼
Ȼȴ޷£ҲԼҼ
ͬʱ뽪򸾣ԾҲǽȰүӵɫ΢һЩ
ʱҲ֮үӹ˹Ǹϣ£Сðˣ
СѲˣҲһЩ
ү̨ף˳ƶ£һ̾Ҳգ˪ԣӼɣԺ˵
Ҳˣ
ͷӦȴǲü΢Ҫ컹׼˵ʲô֮ʱȴǺĶ΢ʲôɵЩɥ¶һĨЦ̡
ʱ˵Ѿ׼ˣһ𳯷ȥ
Է;УҲûἰڻµ飬յҲԵΪңЩҲԼ˽̸Ҫݣֻǲ컹磬ûἰʵȻĻĻһء
󣬴˵һɢȥϾ˶и˵Ҫ

ڶ죬Ծ͹׿һרĵǵŮ֮⣬Ȼǻܡ
ԿĪ˪Ů磬ദĵʮǣ˿ûΪ糤ʱ䲻ڼжκεС
Ծ͹רԺУǺеŮܹһϰڷһЩˮ㣬໥յǽ֮֮ǰڻڸΪǢ˼֡
ΪĸôϣԼŮҸ
ֻүӵĻֲòּ֮Уһ֮ŻʵһһԾŶĵλ
үӿѾɿڣʵ϶ҲԼ뷨
磬ǲ޲ˡ
磬ɩ֪ϿеĹ˼֮˭ʵ
Ĳ
ҡҡͷҲүӺüΣүֻ˵ǹ˼ҵһţѣľͲ֪ˣ
˼ţꣿ
۾УƳһԱ˵ЦеԼˣ΢һٺ磬ɩǸ˵ʵǲҪ޵˼ȥ
˭밡
ԾûĵүӷҪôĻҲŲԸ⣡ǣүӵĻû˸ҷ԰
ǰҲһ̾
£ûнİ취
΢΢һЦԾ͹ʱ۾һæʲô취
磬
û̻ش𣬶ǳ֣Ѿͷԥ˹ףĸףְ֣ôˣ
в֪֮׼ȷϵڣĳƺ»ᾪһصӰɣ
簡ְֵĻ𣿡ЦǺǵʵ
ţԥĵԴ
Ǿͺðˣ
ʼ磬ЦʵΪĸŮҪˣһҪ޸һǿߣ綼򲻹ǻҪַʲô
ţ
⻰۾һȴЩɫԵ˼˵ȥսǸ˼ҵţУⲻУȻǹ˼ҵţôܴùҪʲôˣǸ𣿡
ǰҲǾЩ̫ܣ
ԾҲü˵˼ȻԼ֮£ܹ˵ŵľԲ򵥣ˣֻܼ޹ȥһĻһ㻺͵Ļᶼûˣ
Ǻǡ
Է򸾵ĻֶεĹģȴ¶οЦݣԼҲǼΪж
˶٣΢Ц磬˵أ𣿡
ְ֣У
ԥĵͷȭһ£ҧһǸһͷ
磬㡭Ծ͹ȴЩɫ䡣
߹Ҳˡ
ȴǺ˵Ը޵ĻɴڰгֽСӸֱӴȥô
ܣѾݵðʥ߽Ϊʦʦĸʥϧ˵ǵõλʥߵȫָ㣬Ȼ첢֪ʲôʱõܹɽԲԼǱӻġ
ȴԪǰڵʵ˵Ҳȷʸ˵Ļ
ϧʵ˵ȴҲǲ˲١

ɫһ䣬æȵ
ߣ˭ҪòˣҾ˵
㣬İɣ
ܸжЦЦ漴Ծ͹˵ףĸףҾ˾Ͱհְ˵ȥ죡ǿɱСŶҺģ
ˣ糯һۣõĵͷһ¼ȻȲĺöˣҪǿһЩأ
ţ
⻰֮ļ˾һ
㲻ɣڿԪǰأЩš
Ԫڣ
һЦЩյĵϴξͻأҶþˣû취ҵͻƵ
ϴǱ߻սʱһսġаڵٱʱһʼ޷ͻƣֻǴԪԪڣʥƺԾǿɼġֵܣ˵Ŀɡģ
˵Ŀⶼˢˢϣ캬Цͷȴһ˲䵹һɫ쵽˼㣬ֱš
ԪڣѾǳԼҺܶܶˣԾЩĿޣҲԪڶѣ
¾԰үҲԪ۷壬ٳ޷õͻƣ
˵ʵǿԺүүȣ
ǹ˼ҵľôţҲĶ֣
ˣǾͰ˵ȥɣ
Ծѹе˷ܣ˵磬ŮΪģǧҪ˶֪ԾŮţ
˵
ûԼɷһ£Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻԺһŮүˣ룡
֪ˣȥɣϾ͵˰֡
Ůȥŵ˼ҵ˵ˡ
ֻǹ˼ҵϵѣ˼㲻̫׽ûм޸Ծ֮ǰڹ˼Ҳܾ˰ۣʶһֱûн˼ҵҿûȥһΡ
Լٴκ͹˼ǿ˵ϼס
ҪҲܵģȴǸһĻᡭ


1580 ԴıӺ쭣
ԼһڣΪ˱ʾԹ˼˹Ӻ𾴣԰ү㣬ʱڹӺԱţһǫǫģˣȻ֮ǰڹ˼ĹԴ
Ǹʱ߰ĿһеĹԴ˵ڵֱһ
ȻʱĹԴ֮ǰõ˹Ӻؾ棬ȴǽĸ߰װ
ʶμԴүӣҲΪ⣬ֻǼᶨľܾɵһ̾
ʱԾˡ
壨
˹񣬹һҲȻ
Ͼǹ˼ҵϵѪϡ̫࣬ϾҲһˡ֡
ö񣡡
ӺЦŰ˰֣ԴҲԾ͹̬Ⱥõòˡ
òϣ˷Դװģȷڳ˶һִ
ˣ֪ŮںδβԴһ棿
ӺЦЦ˵ϾǶˣ໥Ȼûмſ϶йͬԵģ
ϵ˵ļǣ
үۺ룬˵ǻȥߴߡ
ôˣˣ
ûү˵꣬㴫˼ŲȴùӺ͹Դɫ˲һ䡭
ôôϤȻ
ͬʱɫ䣬ŤͷѾڻſڵȥ
磬Ȼ硣
˵Ҫ죬ȻԼҡ
ˣӺҲٶ˽һЩ
Уǰʱȥ˺δӺҲЩء
磬үү͹Դ磡絽үֵ
үү
ԹǰӺǷһǸԴȴҲδ
˵ΪԴָ߰Ͼϸ̫߰ˣҲԴôһҪǹԴƣ޲ýһʹ
磬㡭
үӲüȣȻӺȴ֣Цϸ֪ǰٴȥǹ˼ңʱһ֪ϸ˵ǸϾСʱżΣδԽԽƯˣԴܹȢΪޣԼǹ˼ҵĸְ
ϵˣһϵ׽ܹ˸һֺγԼҵأүҲ漴Ц
үү
һ䣬ǹǫǫӣȴź̰âĹԴǿеĶģү˵е㻰Ҫ
Ŷ
ү΢΢һȴǼ˵ʵΪ𣬶Է񣿡
үס
˿̣ǹӺ͹Դɫһ䣬ƺ֪˵ʲô
Ȼүӵͷ֮֮˵粻ԼˣΨһҪǼ޸Ҫǿˣһûɣ
ûɡ
үӵͷû˵꣬ǺȻЦˣȻˣǾүүܾ˼ҵɣ
ʲô˵ʲô
үԶʱɫ䡣
Դ˿̵ɫҲǳ׺
ŵ֮á޴ӷĸ磬޵˼֮ҪôȥĥԴһ仰¶
үүȻͬʵΪôҲܼ޸Դˣ
ͬǰϰԵǹճһߣƳһɫĹԴЦΪ䣡
䣡
֣ͬһүӶը죬ʱֵĹӺ͹Դŭ죬ȥƣǶסˡ
Դӹ
ǰ챻ᣬֱͬһӣҲһֱͷŹ⻷ܹܵˣ
磬񣡡
үҲŭӣԾʱ˻ףҪ޹ȥҲûϾʵΪȴҪùԴֶܣΣ
⡭
үۣ֪ʵȴûԼŮڸܹ֮ǰֲӱɿȣԴţ
Ҳͬ벻ͨǵĵǴӺζ
Դɸһս
վԾ͹ǰĳԴȥ
ҡ
ԴòУǷߵֽץţֱϸչ¶
ڵǰδе裡
ûǰڹ˼ұѹŴ鷢Դ»ԥĴӦ
Ĳٱһˡ
ʱĹԴֻڱ˼㣬һֱΪ˼ŵûô
磬Ǻαأ
ӺǿЦŵԼҵţԴҲǹ˼ҵţܹϣǱؽһ׮̸һˣҲ໥ѧϰ˵˫˫̤ʥǲһ𣿡
໥ѧϰ
˹ӺĻһЦӺǷǷʹүүҿѧϰʲô
⻰ţ
һµ˲䣬ڳ֮˱졣
ӺҵԶԣԴŭĴŴ
ԼߣүӴӵۣȴǲЦ˳Ծ͹Ҳ¶Цݡ
Ψ죬Դӽ֮һֱԱߣĺŲ裬û˵κλǾԵΣ
˵ԴˣӺһ֣ʤļҲԳ˳ɡ
ϾĿġаѰ˵ǿ˲٣ڲԪڵʵʥ֮ˣֻҪԷʹ˲ƻ̫Ŀռ֮ʤҲ̫ͣ
ҲΪаԵʣʵ֮⣬иûܹʥ֮Ҳˣ
ǰĳ֣¹˼˶̶֪ߵغСѾͷֱӽѵһˡ
ϸ磬ô˵
Ӻһѹͷŭ𣬳үȥ
ϵܣ⡭
үЩɡ
˵ʵڵģ֮ѡԴ˿й˼֮⣬ҪǿйԴš
ңռԴʼ飬ȫˣ
үӵȷϣ˼ȴҲͬϣԼŮܹ޵úá
ðɣϸ磡
үӳɵӣӺɫһ˫۸ȻˣǽվҹӺˣԴߣ
ԴҪӺһͬ뿪
⣬ǻЩ֪֮Ŷ޲ҪȥԼЩƴˣ
ϵܣ
үӼæǹӺȴǽŲһ٣ߵԼĪǻҪǶǿ£֮£ҹӺˣߣ
ϵܡ
үɫһ䣬Ӻ͹ԴȴŲδͣۿžҪ̤Ĵˡ
˼Ű𣿡
ĳ²豭վ
٣㡭
Ӻɫһ䣬θо컰еĲ֮⣿
ʲôң
컺ߵӺǰվޱԵҲҪʲôøҼסˣҵĸŮҪǸڰﶯʲô˼ұ֤ϳ棬ҲԾȲǣ


1581 ԴŮˣ
˻һùӺɫΪѿ
վǶ̧˫ڲһĨ⡣
ԴδԣȴҲѹסͷŭ𣬵غҲ㵽ʲôˣҲʲôٲٵģø˵㣡
Դ
ԴȻðĻһӺʱɫ䣬ɫЩȻס

ڣû쿪˵ʲôȴ˲䣬߳һɲζȻ˸
硭
Ծһүڣûһܹ׽Ķ켣
ء
һ죬ǹԴǱһУӻſֱӷɵ棬ɳʮײſͣ£ϵҲ˲٣ǸһѪ˳
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ֣һ˵Ĳ棡
Ҫֹ³֮⣬վڹԴߵĹӺ
Ҳûκֹ˼
ǿڹӺϵĹϵǹԴǹ˼ҵˣҶô˵ĹԴѾһʬˡ
硭
ζ֣ȻȷһЩ͵ϮɣȴүӵȼԼ֮˾޴𺳣
֮ǰԾ֪Ԫڵʵĳ֣Ƕݺݱסһ¡
ĺǿ
Ϊʥ߽ʥϧͽܣλضԳΪԼһĵһˣλʥͬʱ̵ʮ֮˾ҲԳΪµʥߡ
Ȼֻļһγ֣Լóžȡ
ɵãĿҲЩ죬Ϊ֪Ǹģʱֻмʱ䣡ʲôԪ½ϵţҪɣ
Ҫɱ㣡
˶ʵ֮ʱǱɳȥĹԴҲ̲סˣ˫ĿͨĻǳڵλüϮ
Դɡ
ӺæҪɱŭӯԺĹԴôýȥ
˿̣үӵҲɫ˲䣬Ҫ֪Լң
ߣ
ȴǲųĹԴһȥ棬ŹԴĹƻһȣ˾ԶһЩطսû֮١
硭
żѡ
ɩӣصģ
΢΢һЦʵǼһǿ˲٣Ҳܣ˼˵԰ɣ
ԣ
ȻʻӺ޺޵Ӧһ¡
죬ɲ¶˿Ĳ
ء
䡭
ս֮ڶȻ˵ߵУǹԴôŭս٣ȴҲʼ޷ȥκ˺ȫһϷŪΡ
ŮˣһҪɱ㣡ɱ㣡
ԽŭԴ˿ͷķŭɡ
ǡŮˡһȴڳ֮ɫѿ
˼ǹ˼ҵţۣϷ㱻ƭˣ
үҲޱŭ
ƷҺûȻԼŮ޹ȥ񲻾ˮȣ
Ӻ˿Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ͷŶԼҵĺ⣬ҲжģȻжԹԴģνǸӵ˼㡭
˿̣ǹԴ˫Խ죬ѣȫ˷ʧȥһ㣬Ψһͷǽ糹һѩǰܣ
ţ
ȴǺ۾һУȻƷʲôƵģĿĳǹԴȥ
Դķ񣬵ǸȥһЩ鷳ȻʵĲȴЩ鷳㲻ʲôǰķ緶΢ӴһЩ˸֮ȴǸûнһС
ǻ⣬˵սҲѣֲɢԼ֮˷׷״˷ϵүӵһºȴǲҿֻ⽻սΪΧվ
磬Լ֮˶İ˭Ҳ뵽ôǿʵ
ۣضŹԴԽ϶֮ǰǺȻķ֣ü磬һ
ã
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Ľٱ䡪ն
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ϡǲ
Դɫһ䣬æӽ񵲣ȻеĳȴڽӴɲǣֱӶأǽâ˿ڹԴٷ˵ͬʱ׷ᣬգۼֱӳϡ
أ
ԴӰ׹أô֮һԼȴؽüѪ˳ɫǲҰֽ˺üºǸ޷վ𡭡
ŸԶ磬Դǿ־ŵ㡭㾹Ȼҵĵ
ﱻϣ
˹ԴĻӺɫ䣬æȥһ͵̧ͷԼҼ˵ķȥ磬úݰ
ҰְֲûɱѾܲˣĻһ䣬ԹԵ߻صߣڹӺͶȫûһ⡣
ش˶ЩЦá
ԼԴѾϣǲǿԴ뿪ˣӺһǿΪԴĳ嶯ʵ
ԡ
У
ͬʱ𣬳ү⣬һ˵СĺȻ졣
٣Ī㻹Ҳ²ɣӺض졣
Ȼǣ˼ʱԣԴ£·𿴲Ӻеĺ⣬Ե
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Ӻɫһŵкâ˸
֪ô
һЦôһУڱӺŵĹԴǱһεס߷˹
Դ
ӺһˣȴôҲæٸϣ٣㵽Ҫʲô
Դʱǹвʹ˺ƱѪ˶һȴƫƫ޷ԣַֻ˵ʹ࣬ϵİ
Դ
ûӺʣ콫Դڽ£ʵ˵˵ɣǸŮںδ׺˵˶Ѫµ£
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ⲻܰɣ
ˣǹ˼֮ҲӦûѪ֮ˣ
֮ǰ͹ԴսУѾоһϤϢǵǲݳҵǸΪŮϢȷ˵ԴŮ˱ضǸɣ
ֻû뵽ȻӲݳ֮󣬾Ȼôʱڽ˼ңԴһ
ȻΪʱ̵̫ԵʣǸҲûȡ̫ĳɹ
Ϊ˲Ѫ£Ϊ˱֤Ԫ½ߵİȫҲҪúõһȻһʱԳһЩض룡
ҡҲ֪ʲô˼
ʻУԴѻصʹޱȵ
Ǻǡ֪
аЦѣĻǾͼ֪ΪĲɱ㣡
죬ң
Ӻæȵ˿̵Ѿ˲ʲôˣԴǹ˼ҵţﱻϻлָˣǹ˼ҵʧʹˡ


1582 ԴҪ
Ӻ
ŹӺڹԴǰɫһ࣬ȵǲϺͿˣʱ㲻ùԴкܴ仯û´ĻʵҲǲõİɣĪΪжţ
㡭
⻰Ӻɫһ䡣
޷ϣ
Ϊ˵֮ǰԴȻţȴֻԪ۷ʵڶ̶ʮʱбԪڣٶȼֱš
Դȴ˵Ǻж
֮һֱԹĳΣӺҲδɣϾȻټȴҲǴûзġ
һζЩ磬Ҳ˵ȥ
Ӻ飬һû´Ļǹ˼⼸ӦмŮʧ٣԰ɣ
Ӻ֪λش
Ϊ˼ҵļƽȷæ¹ףŮȴС¶ѣҲûбҪȥλ
ƶӣ㲻֪Ƿ˵ĹӺ޷ܵţ
Դʵ˵һһ
һ۹Ӻֳ֮ԴԵȻ㻹˵ĻǾ͹ֲˣҵһôã
ҡҲ֪
Դҧ֣ʹƺ΢һЩ˿̵˵ҲΪ˳ֻǲܴĸǶȿȥѪ˶ƵԵޱȱߡ
ܺãܺã
ۣȻָһһԪֱӴӺڡ

ӺһҺƲ񷣬ڵϲϷűǽ֮ղŸӴ̶ʹߵǶòü
죬㹻ˣ
ӺҲ۲ѣæԴ˵֪ĪҪ𣿾а٣ѵҲԲ
Ȼа٣Ҿаһ㲻УаĻа𣿡
Ц˼˻ӹĪҵĻ㻹ǲţ
ҡ
Ӻ죬û˵꣬һϵǴжȻ𣬡ʲô㣿ÿ
Ĵһλµ߱ǴոֶǱˣѧԺ֮һӺĶֹүӡ
֮ԹүӻʱϹΪ֮ǰ֪ͨ
Źүӵϣ˼ҳԼҺ͹˼ҵҲǸ˼һӣϾ϶˵ǿʦѵĴڡ
û뵽ȻӹԴϷǸŮϢϸϹҲǡǡá
Լ˼ûֱͨӽˣʲôð֮Լ£ү󣬱үӹʾ⡣
ˣ
˵ϻүӵĳҹ˸ӣүǸոһ˿Ҳ漴ɢ
Сһ͸˼鷳
үûĳһۣȥ˼ңһܸˣû뵽һŤͷż죬Сӻˣ˵ɣǲ׼Űѹ˼Ҳ˳ˣ
ֺεĳڳ֮ĿЦá
ܹүģһ˿ҷˣĸĸ֮⣬Ҳûмˡ
үӣҲͲĵ
˼ҲŲʲô
үһۣСվеģˣҪʲôȥɣ
ģ۾һ
ģأ
үûһ˦֣ʱȴǴ˹ȥүү׼ô˵ְ֣
ӴⲻѾͷ𣿡
үӶʱһȻЦݵĵѾͷùүүСѾͷ˶û˵ȥүүСһҲǣǲС˼̫鷳ˣⲻȥģҲѾģ
үүٺ˵Сðĺȫ罿Ŷ˶ţ
ѽЩûĵСѾͷ֪۸˼ңһĻүæҡԴ̾˼ǿ
ߺߣͲ׼ô˵ְְ֣ÿ졣
úãְã˼ǻˣ˰ɣ
үӿЦã˿ҲüүӣĴ˼ҳͷ
˼ʲôʱ˵⻰ˣ
үƲСø˵Ȼ˼㲻ҾͲˣ㻹ҷ
壬ԩǰ
ʱӺҲæ
ףǹԴΨһľǡ
ԩͷ
үûĵСȻһ㣬һ㣬һ㣬»ԣҲԩ˵ģӺӺ㻹
塭

үûиӺٶ˵ʲôĻᣬһǽᵽһԡ
͸˼ţ
үӵһۣŤͷСӣôô˼ţҹ˼һ׵ģѪ¹ᣬҲйԴСһΪ
үһֱǽĸֳ𣬵·棬ȴҲǾԵΣɵΣ
лүӣ
ͷǹԴȥ
ΪүӳֶϣĹԴ˿ȴǳȻ
Ӻ޷үӸ佫촦ãԹԴ˵һֳ׵
ţԹүҲ
Դ㻹Ӳ𣿡쵭ʵ
˵ˣȷԷ뿪Դһʵ
ǰҵǸû˵ְɣ
ǽҵģ
ԴͷһĨԣҿõŮˣ԰ʵܵǰδܹĻ䣬ܹƿع˼ң
Դ㡭
ڲүȵĹӺ⻰󣬶ʱɫ䣬ŵԴ
Щ򵥵ĻùӺ֮ǰԲ٣
Ƴһ۹ӺʾԴ
ҿԴȥֻ׼һˣҪ췢ģܹΪһȰ˵˵ҪϢºҪ֤ǵľ԰ȫԴ˵
ҴӦɱѾǼˣ
ۣԴòҪôߣȻ
û˵꣬ԴϵǲӦҵɱҰɣҲȥģ
㡭
⻰ʱ۾һУɱӿ˲ǽԴȻ˵ĹԴȻɫҰףɾȻгżᶨ˿ûһ֮⡣
ãҴӦ㣡
һǽɱϣ㲻ƭңȻʲôݣұ֤һúѿ
ģ
Դ÷ʼ磬Ϊһǣȴʹǿɵó˳ǡ
ʹȥǸɣ
ԣһָһ£Ȼ»ûطҾѾˣԴָԼϵƣ
쵹ҲûоܾҸְȶһƣӺŹԴʱ뿪Լңȴߣȫ赣ģϾҲԼҵС㡣
Ƿܹҵ컹ûжİգϾôϢ;ԲܷŹܸԪ½»


1583 
ΪԪ֮һĹ˼ңԪ֮еĵλȻö˵Դǹ˼ҵõ˾Եӣڹ˼֮еĵλѾ˲ٵĳ
ڹ˼ׯ԰ĲԶҲǱɽ΢ƫƧЩĵطȴһΪ֪ɽȣɽΧ̣ƽҲδ˻ߡ
ȻҲɽȣȴΪ˹ԴǸĵط
չԴĻ˵ļң
ԼǼң
ԼҳǸŹԴΪﱻϵԵʣһ·һֱԴ
죬ӦҵģΪɽȹȿڴԴͣ˽ŲŤͷ˵
ģ
쵭ԵȻΪʲôˣȴǸسŵ֮ˣֻҪ֤ԺٺԣһԳȫǣ
ã
һۣԴ³һŵȲɽȣǽ
ɽȲ󣬻һ۱Կɽȴһʮּ򵥵ݣܱΧССԺиһشز֪ĻھţټľĻҲƽԴĸо
쵹Щ㵣ĻȷЩ

ûпһۣɽ֮ĹԴȴǼӿ˽ŲʱѾСԺӼ򵥱֯ɵſڡ
֨ѽ
ԭϵķű˿֮ǰǲݳҼģŮ˳ʱʮأϴȫͬ
Դ磡
Դʱ¶ЦݵỽһȻ˲ȴһ䣬˹ԴﱻϣȻָһЩɾȴȫͬ
ţȴϣʱԲ죬ô㣿
£Ӧˣ˺ģ
ԴæȥסС֣˿̵֮ǰŰ裬ĿһеĹԴȫͬ
ǣʱȴףһѪɫڲסĲ
죬ǻ˽˳ŽԺŹغá
ּˣ쵭ĵ
ǰּˣ
һƺΪǹԴİοƽһЩ촽΢ĵ˵ɣôԸңȻܹҲǿ϶ܲ˰ɣ

Դɫ䣬æǰֱ죬죬ӦңԲΪģ
ǣǴӦ㣡
ͷԵҲ˵ǰһҪ֤Ժٺԣܹ𣿡

ԴŤͷȻʱɫȴԸشˡ
ԴɫȻ˼֣ûκα̬һ˫ӶùԴо˼İ
ԴԴΪŮ˻ĺһѣ˵
ⲻܣԲܣ
Դҡͷµ㲻ң㲻ǣ
ǣ
ȻڹԴǴ󺰴УȴǵĿڡ
򵥵֣ǻ˹ԴȫƵģ˿˺üҡͷԣﲻ߶šܡԲܡ֮Ļ
ɲԸңλٻСںδûȥܹԴʵ
˵أ
һЦ˲رޱ欣էһ͸ˡ
ðɣȻ㲻ʶ̧٣Ǿ͹ֲˣ
첻˷ʱ䣬º۾ȻһУֱ֡
ֳצ޾磬λֱϮȥ
ץңΣ
Ѫâһȴ˺ƻûѪӰ׽͸
С
״쵱һȣΪıХգ۾ȻСԺȫ⣬ЩѪӰȴʲôƵĽʧӵʱ䣬Ǽ԰׵Ľˡ
˿˿Ѫ˵ľȻ˲٣һ˫иŨŨľɫ
벻쾹Ȼ֮ǿ
ô
Դ״æǰ
Ȼûһ߳кȻһѪɫޣ綾ƵĳϮȥ
Ҷ֣Ųҷ㣡
ۣųԼжȻâһβ˷ļϮ
ûлǧýûκεĽţ˿̵־ͥŲһ㣬ɲѡ
أ
һȭӳĲֱӺѪɫϣŪѪɫ޶ʱһĹâҲ֮˲٣ǲƺһøѿ
䣡
ȭƫѪɫޣȴͬһϮȥ
ǱˣһŮ˱ᵱ棬ɼûκ˼
Ҳо˼в˲ԥηˣͬʱѪɫ޲ϻ裬˷ϮȥƺҪ赲Ĺ
ɣʵľ޴
ԪڵʵڻԪ½ϿǼΪʥ֮⣬ҲԪˡ
Ƕȴָ㲻ʲô
Ѫɫ޿͵γһƣȴûκһֹ죬˵ȥʲô˺ˡ
أ
֮ϳ֣ѪɫϵĹâԽԽףѪɫȥ㷢ɢңԵΪңиŨŨľ֡
켱ٱƽٴγצ޾磬ƿռһĳץȥ
ʱѾûֹĿܣʵδʥ˲ƶ޷ʩչͬϵһκεֿĿܣ

ۿҪץסԴ֪Ӻδðֱӵǰ
״ȴ˫Ȼһ΢һٶȺˣǺݺݵץ˹ԴϣһҼ磬ѪȻ֣Ѫ˳
Դ磡
һĻʱ䣬æԴסǽߵ죬Ѫɫ˫¶Ũĺâ
㡭û°ɣ
Դˣټڵĳή˵Եǰ΢
ңû£
æΪԴֹסѪҲȥǲǻҪ֣㵱ŹԴ͵£ֱͬԴϱƵģ΢΢Щ㵡
Ų˵ùԴôڻô
Կ϶ǣʱ⣬Ϻеĵǣüٵģ
һʱ䣬쾹ҲûٴιƽΪԴֹѪ˵ɻ֡
Դ磬㡭ĵ
ʱŷֹԴĵѾϣ˲ɫ䣬Ȼ̧׳ǰȥѪɫɭѡ
ң
ƽĵͷʱѪâһ죬Ҽסˣһú
ɣ
ʼ磬ЩļҵǺ֣һ˵ʳ¯㣬ȻԹԴôһĿһУԴļһ飡ǸٻС㻹֪ɣ


1584 ٻˣ
ǵĻʱɫٴһ䡣
ⲻ£
ŹԴҼָż죬бɱңұС㣬Ǿǳ˵Σ
٣١
ʱ򣬹ԴæŹ㣬㣡
Ӹʶ֮ʱĿһУڵĲϿ󣬹Դֱͷβıһˡ
òϣʱԽԽһζҲôᡣ
Դ磬
һ𣿡
У㲻
ԴҡͷӦңҪһֱһ𣬻Ҫӵģ
ˣ
͵һƣԴƳü⣬˪ĵԴǸ׳գҲѣ㻹ĵˣ㲻ҿеġʳѣΪԼʲôҲһֱһ𣿡
ҹҲҪټ㣡
ĺţЩȴͬϸƵֱԴĵס
㡭㡭
Դ˵Ǳ
ʲô㣿ҹԽԶԽã
ϵĽš
ȻȴǺһЦ浱ǰ׳𣿺ǺǡģԴǹ˼ҵˣֻҪԺѪµĹҲҪСڵָܷҪԼĻԵˣ
㡭
ˣ춸Ȼ˫Уֻ⣬Ƕʵش𣬻ҿһ͹ԴܹԶһ𣬱֤ǵİȫΣ
ĻԴһ

ԴȻ顣
˵ˣҲᱳСģƺûԴеϣ˵
ðɣǵû˵
ʼ磬ȴǹճһĨаȵĻߣļҲ뿴һǸС֪ԹԴģôã˵Щڴ
вԵвˣ
죡ұ죡
ĵĵطæצĳȵ
ãҲ˵ˣǲҵĻҲɣȻԴǲɱģջʲôĽͲö֪ˣ
ʼ磬аЦɡ

һٱЩȻ֪вȻϵؼᱳѣɫȴҲЩ΢Եĳ
Ĳ
ȴĲϣԴ
Ҳ
ԴԱ˵ֻҲϣҪԶţֵĻţҲ㵽Ѫ»ʲôˣҾֻ֪
졭
˵ŻԴϣ죬Źǰܶ£ǸŮˣ㣬ˣ
ˡ
Դʼ¿ͷһһʮͷѾѪۡ
⡭
ЦãԴǰˣȻϧˡ
Դ磬ѽ
Ҳ˲䣬æȥԴǿͷϵѪۣζ
Դ磬ɵΪͻŹ𣿡شЩѪۣʹ
ֻҪܹţǾõģԴ˵
㣬ĺɵ
һ̾ǹԴǰ˫᲻ѣ˲һһԴҸ֪ĵطʹ˹иŮ֯Դ
죡
һղ˵ֻҪһش⣬ᱣ֤Դҵİȫᱻ˴ţ
ǣ
ԥĵͷ漴ֵĻشҪʵУ
ʰɣϣ˵㻰
ͬˣ
ȴһ³һǵģͬˣҪα֤ܹȷԴҵİȫ
û´ĻӦѪʹµˣôҲӦ֪Ѫ֮һѪ粰ɣʵ
ͷڣѾͶֱɾ԰ȫңΪѪܹ˳ڵȥ𣿡
ʰɣƽĵ
ѪʹʲôˣںδٻСǺˣΪʲôһȻϤ
ĸ⣡
̧죬˵

ЦãǿԵǹѪʹٻ⣬˵ĸҲû
֪Ĳ࣬ûм˵ĿСҲ׷СЩӣȴҲЩķ֣ȤĻҿ˵Ե
˵첻÷ס
ȣҿԶ췢ģҲ֪˭СҲδ˵
ƽһ㰮Ųŵӣڶ֪Сһ⹦˵ľǿΪͬʱСԸĻԽзַƿԿ˵ʵȴҲһʵԼתʵĹ
Ŷ
üëһȻԼҲ²⣬˵⾪һ¡
ҡ
Դȴɫһ䣬뵽ʱʵ
Դģûֹ
ӯӯЦЦҲ֮˵Դ˵ĲֹĻӦԵʧҿʮĸоѪ֮˵Ϣ
ԲҲûģԴǸ
ûµģ
һЦ漴˵֮⣬ÿСȥ˵ʱ򣬶һʮĿռ䣬Χкܶħ޴ڣȻûȴħ޵ĺ
첻ɫĵͷʾ⡣
⣬һСĵط
ˣıȻʮ֣ҲЩ㵣ϸš
˶٣˵ҷ֣Сƺͨˣ
ţ
ЩЦá
ͨˣ
Ҳ˵˼
ü΢ҵ˼˵Сˣ
ˣ
һԴҲǲɴ˫ۡ
Īǣħ׷ʵ
Ҳǣ
ҡҡͷŪֱһͷˮûĵ㵽ʲô˼ɴֱ˵вУ
˵ˣֲħѲɻʲôѪµеѪܲɣֱЩ
Ѫܣ
ҡҡͷ֪ô˵ˡ
ʵҲ˵Ǿź֣
ԵСһԷҺ˯ãͲеģħҲӦûԷ˯İɣ
ǻѪܣ췴ʵ
ѪֻһܶѣûС˲Է˯֮⣬ûʲô𣡡
˵Ȼһ٣ʲôƵģֵˣһ㣬Сûͯ꣬˵ûһͯļ䣡С˵еļ䶼ʮԺ󡭡


1585 ı֤
ɽ
콫͹ԴֱӴѰһɽס£ͬʱɽΧ˴һ󷨽磬Ա֤ǵİȫ
˴󷨽ĻڻԪ½ҲԵһʱ쵽
ţѪԹҲԵֵϻȥ
⣬Ϊ˷˵ĽƳڽƣҿԱ֤Ѫ֮˵Ϯڲе£ʹֱ˲ƻصɽȣԱ֤ǵľ԰ȫ
⣬Ҳ˶ǵĳŵ
æ֮ǱЯֹݵˣԵԺסʲôʱȫˣһǳڴ֮ǰޱҪĻҪߣҲҪ뿪ɽ
ţ
Ļͬʱͷ
ɫӵһۣȴԵ٣м¿ɲ㣿
ţ˵Ӧ
пܵĻһ֪С㵽ʲôɲҼ˵
ðɣҲұ֤ͷ
лл
һлƺܲϰߡ
Ǻǣã
֣Ҫ뿪֮ʱȴǺֵˣΪԴĻͲҪǰЩѪµĹˣ
֪
Ӧ£ҲͲٶԣδ뿪Դȴǳס٣
㻹£
ٻȥ߼˵ҹԴТԺлһú̷˼ң
Դ˵⣬ٴԼ˵Ǹ
У֪ˣ
֣ԥһ£ջԵԴ֪֮飬ҲŻŹǣϣǲΪ˺ڣ⣬Ǳ֤ǵĽһʮã
£ʧǰ
͹Դһۣ˵ޱȵҸơ
ʱ˿̣ǺƷһţһЦ󣬱ʼǰСݣȻһ㣬ȴ۵ģ

ְ֣
»صԪ½ҲֱȥвԪݵԼׯ԰С
УһĹҲͬǡаԭɣ
ΣȴôҶĲ١
٣ԴأӺֻһ˻ʵ
ѽ͵ȥˣ
صŹӺЩɵȴǲδ͡
΢ԥȴǽ֮򵥵Ľһ飬ùӺԼΧԼ֮˶һһ㶵ġ
Ү
绶ϲ
ӺһˣǱ͵ôҲ˵Ҳȥ飡
ֱĵĲУ
Ӻ˿Ҳ̾һ֪˵ʲôá
ȴ֣һл
ϾҲǹ˼ҵˣܹԹԴ飬Ҳǿӡ
ˣְ֣Ǹôˣı𣿡֣ǵʵ
ӦǣҲȷ
ǺһЦüһʱעǱߵҳʲô۶ӣұ֤ڣ
ְˣ
翪ĵЦţԾ˵СӵĿͷ
˿̣ĸԾ͹ȴǿÿЦãҲһЦ˵ķŬŬ죬ЦͷϽȥһЦԾ͹ĺﰡ
һĻҲôҿһݸ
СӣȻѾˣ˼Ȼع˼һˣү˵
漴ܾүӵ˵үӴŹӺܿ뿪ˣڻȥ֮үֻôȥԴӺǾͲܹܵ˵ˡ
СѣùԴǸŮӣĻĺ𣿡
ԺУѾͷĲ֮ʱүӺȻʵ
࣡
ףӦǱߣڵɽҲԲµ󷨣ʲô⣬ҲκʩչĿܣ
ְ֣ҺܺҮ
˹ɵʵ׹ԴǼһȥʲôطѽǶʲô¶أ
ĻΧүӣԾ͹ҲǽĿϣԵʮֺ档
Ҳûʲôģ
ǺһЦ豭Ϻ󣬱ǻ֮ǰһжȫ˳
ѪµĺǿǸȻԪڣԾЩš
ǿǳǿ
صĵϣ磬ɩԺҪСһЩǸٻһûҵҸұ֤ڻԪ½Ͽ϶вٵѪ֮ˣ
ǵҪʲôѲҪͳԪ½ôүü
֪
ҡҡͷЩѪ֮˿϶Ѫʹ£Ȼ֮еѪ֮ʵͺܶ࣬ѰĻԪ½˵ȴҲǿ˲٣棬Ӧкüʥ򣡡
üʥ򡭡
үЩɫ䡣
Ԫ½˵ʥȫվ۷Ĵˡ
ֻʮɣЩ꣬Ѿ˲ٵʥǿߣҲ֪ͳƶʵȻʲôȣ
ˣְ֣ղ˵Ǹ˵С㲻ˣʵ
ţҲ֣벻ͨĵط
ͷ˵˵ǸٻûкһԹִ˯ѪܲͬϢҲͷħĽͣ
֮⣬м䶼ʮԺ֮ǰûκһͯģ
ˣüͷ̾ǺȻƾðһ
ĺأ
Ҳͷ˼⡣
үӣԾԼ˸ɶаͷԣȫ벻ϻֵ˴ڣ
ٻˣ
˵Ļֻʲô
ѣŵڲݳٻΣһжֵĺ졣
˵вԵĵطǾٻѪʱƺһ޷׽ĸо
֮ǰһֱΪѪһЩϸȷЩ޷͵Ĺ졭
ˣħֲѪܣûʲôĽѽ粻˼벻κκĴ𰸡
Ҳεúܡ
ٻģһ˸޴ĥ
ְ֣
ĳ̧ͷ죬һĨǻ۵Ĺâְ֣ǲǵѪϵķѪӰ
˵
һ

ʱүҲһ㵡
Ű
ͷ˵ʵ벻ʲôˣǷĻԽΪʲôóԷ˯һ

Ļͷ˳˼
ǷȷԽͣɷôܾôʶңȻʲô
ѵ˵
Ȼ䣬ԺһͷȻɫ˲ľֱվȴǽߵļһ


1586 ټ
ң
Լ뿪֮󣬱Ǿֱ
һҺڤ׾֮䵽ôˣǲܹ໥Ĺϵܹúܺá
ڶ˷뿪֮Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹ»ƿ϶޷ȵɺǹºӳʱˣΪֳôܲһ
ĵºԽӭɽׯڣԵޱ顣
һ֪ɺ͹¾ȥڤ׾ǱߣҲûоһǴȥȥˡ
ڤ׾ڵɽܿǼɺ͹Сڣϴǽŵͬǣ˷Ե쳣ɣǼɲͦŴӵĹ£ǰڲϳŸζڤ׾ҲԵʮ⡭
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ĵɶʱ۾һһкæЦӣԽԽƯ˰
ɸã
ԹԵĽһɵĽУҲǺЦЦ˿κ衣
ɸ磬ɾĲŶ
Źµ֣糯ɴ˵½ڶأ㻹ߺߣһ㶼𣡡
Ҳ밡Һ˵˵½Ҫһ
ɿЦãȴΪһĽ͸ȥһŪɸˡ
ЦѣܿһԼڤ׾ĺ棬ʱŹɡ
ְ֡
ĿǰԶڤ׾ϣȴЩɵĵְ֣ôЩأ
죿
΢΢һЦú룬ӦǼģ
Ҽ
ֱӳǰȥɺ͹¶һվԭأϴЦӣҲûж˵ʲôϾʲôΣգҲǾԲῴôġ
𡭡
רʳڤ׾оĿЩ͵ĵͺһ̧ͷɲǣȴǺ˲ֹס漴һ˫ԵĴ۾иֳһĨϲɫ
𡭡
Żеϲɫڤ׾ʳԴֱ쵽ǰţӼֱͬƵģɺ͹¿ĲЩ΢
Ҫ֪Դ뿪֮͹¶ÿҪһΣֱڣڤ׾ҲûжǱʾκκøУֻҪǳЩʳ֮뿪˵ʾˡ
󻢣þòŶ
ڤ׾ĴԴЦôѽ㲻ӦڻƽǱ𣿡
ףĶԽԽŶô˵ǿҪСϲѽҪأ
Цѣָڤ׾Ķӣûһ㵣ģڤ׾⶯˶ӣĸ
ֺгĳ棬ѵһɺ͹̾ѣҲ֪ʲôʱһ
ڤ׾ͷϵţŪѾͷֱЦ
磬ʶЩ졣
ţǺѣ
ͷֵˣղ˵Ļƽ˭òҵɩӰɣ
˵
һ⻰ʱЦãƵıʥƽ¹ڲûȻ⻰󣬿¾춼ⲻɵһᡭ
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ɵǸΪˡ
ˣҲˣ
ûİ֣˵ƲˣʥޣҲǴһϴɱ˵ˣȻСӾ͵űɣ
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ˣɺ͹ͬʱɴ˫ۣš
磬㾹Ȼʥ޴򽻵
ʱӣ𾪵Ķ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʥʲôСӺú˵ԺҲԣ
ûķһۣŪɿЦá
ܹȣ
ˣ磬ôһúõسԶɣʱҲ֣˵
ŶŶ
ԹԵͷڤ׾˵󻢣ȳԶŶҲأСŵģ˶ˣаְֿĿŶһ㣡
˵䣬ǰ˲ٵĿ⣬磬ǸʮԶɶһ˵磬ԽԽ˰
ôԣԼŪȥûĵ

ɵŪùڱЦֹ
ڤ׾Ҳûпɺ͹´ʳȫ꣬ǳЩҲԵһɶ
ɰԺһ
˵һڻˣԵĶ϶Ҫǰ࣡ңסҪ̫ðʧЩֻ˳Ȼ
ĻѾھˡ
ɵȻԵ˼ԥĵͷӦ¡
߰ɣҴǹȥ׽׽
֣Ǵɺ͹ڤ׾ԱߣٴκһһΣ˵϶¶һĨЦݡ
һɺ͹£Ϊ⼸յʳټ֮ǰĽڤ׾ӵûʲôӣĴ£ḧ˺ü¡
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һԺߺúõģ
ڤ׾Դ˵ӣҲҪˣʲôǺӳҲõطĻȥǱߣǻ㰲źһеģ
Ļɶʱ۾һ֪ڰϵأ
Ȼڤ׾ȴҡŴԴһʱ˼Цŵ㰡Ҿ˵ܹҵʺϵĵطôУҪԼǧСģú£
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ڤ׾ԹԵͷͷ򣬶ֲ˲ӣǼԾʧǰ
󻢡
ЩᣬҲûж˵ʲô
ˣǻȥɣ
ǺһЦ˱漴һصңڤ׾飬ٲȻΪҵܣϾеľżħʵήһЩһ˵֪롣
ߣڤ׾ɲѰľżħޣĺ̨ʥ޻ƣ
Ҫ߳ʲô¶ĻԻּȻ̵ӣұض֣֮ܵ
ʥ֮ŭôҲ޷еģ
Ҫˣ
Ҵ˲ʱ䣬ǸҪ뿪Ƕʮֲᡣ
ǰˣȻȥ֮󣬻Ҫȥݷһ¼λ岮̣Ȼ͸ûȥˣǱߵͦ鷳ģ
ǺһЦпյĻһģ
ðɣ
Ҳ֪ڵ첻ͬˣɲ㵢˷ѡ
Уˣĸټ
ЦЦĵºǷǷֺӵһº󣬱Ǵ羶ֱ˲뿪ˡ
վׯ԰ſڣ뿪ķ򣬼˾һ̾
ļʱ֣ҿѾǧٿˡ
ôڤ׾ɸΪ񲯣ܽǴһùϵֻҪǴõܹڤ׾֮õĹϵŴһӦչض


1587 С˫
磡
ְ֣㡭
ˮɽ˲ƻʱǼŮ̷ˣСһֱ˵컳УڷֱһºûûεСһܵһԣߴߴ˵ͣŪЦá
ãŮȴ
˲赹ˮֹܿϣҲűһЩ
ף԰СأɻΧСѾͷȻû
СѽʦͶʦɽȥˣ
쵹һȲ裬ݵкųԵСЩ⣬Ҷûʲô취ʦͶʦо˼죬оһֽİ취ǡ
ˣһ١
æʲôòʲôɣ
˵⣬ֻʦ˵ˣҪСκõҪܳһʱ䣬һܱ˴ţ
ԣȥǱߵĻСû취һȥˣ
С𣿡ʵ
ãֻҪʱܳʦͶʦа취ģӦ
ͺãֻҪܹκþУʱ䳤û£
ЦЦҲЦĵǰСҲ֪ǶõҲײСӳһκõģ
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ҲǴ˹һ߸찴ĦżһЦ˵ʦ˵أͶʦķСһκ֮ٶȻܶأ˵һų
ʲôŲŵģ
ֻ֣ҪСܹͺãһֱΣͽܣ
ǣô˲أ
ЦѣϵļŮҲǷ׷Цûֱ̧һ£һ죬æűĵطһ˫۾ˮ⣬ֶˣúһʱ䲻֪ζʱаʢ
ǰ죬ڵص㲻ԣ¶޲̻ǣǰͷСԵһɶˣ
СӣˣãеҪ㽻
һͷϹԶֳһƺ«ҡҡλεĴ˽ĵһۣûĵ
ȻȴᣬƲƲŮķ³ԳԺȺȣϹԶĴӵۣСӣѾǲҴΪ᲻㣿
ϼһôȥƲߵ
Ӳϻ
ϹԶһƨԱߣСӣˣλȥ֮ȥĪͷ
ʲôֱʵ
ȥ˾֪ˣôë
ϹԶ˦˦ͷСӼסǣˣСĶҵСǸСѾͷ
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Сӣ㡭
ϹԶ۾һģ쭡
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æǧЦСڼѧԺյͽأǶ˵ˣӵġ
ܿ죬ǽĹС¸һ飬ϹԶŵͷȴַɿ̧ͷһûĵСӣ㿴˼飬ѶƶСӾһéʯͷֳӲ治֪ǲϹˣȻ

ƲƲ죬ͷЩÿμ涼˵һΣѾüԵˡ
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ųԶͷ˿ǡ

ˣ
ʱ֣ʦĪͶʦＧõЯ˻ɲǣǱ۾һãҪС˵˵
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ʵֺõǰλʦãЦ˵ʦ¶ԸҾƴҲҪȥòǣ
̬ȣԴͷӵʱ򣬼ֱˣñϵŮòһЦ
ˣСӾҪˣǵѸ𣿡
Īˮûĳ춪һۣ˻һȴŮһ죬׷׽ѵĳȥһǿڲأ
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ʦＧõڱЦӦú˵СɣڣҺʦַһֵĵطǹСģ
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⻰Щ㵣ߵŮҲǾ֡
˵һֻиһҵҪͨ˵Ԫת͵ͬĹ̡
ΪҲǼʶˣȴҲδ˵ص顣
ʦС飬ôû֣
ʵ
ҲòɻΪֹһεļС˵ǲûֵģ
Ϊ˸֮⣬һԺĪˮ˵
Ժ
һԡ
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˭˵Ҫˣ
ĪˮһЦŮУ΢ЦżԺ˵ľ㼯֮ڣǿ԰СͬʱעУֻҪʱһγһľѭһСɳԽˡ
ǵأôû뵽أ
һԼͷ漴ȴʵ˵Ļǻ᲻ʲôΣգ
Σտ϶Уҡ
ˣĪˮһ£ǼһСʧܵĻ»ʹ˳ױϣȻܹȴͬһ

⻰Ůʱɫ䡣
ûĽ취ʵ
ûУϾǸλ̫ˣطĻǿнϵĪˮ˵

ĬһʱԺеҲüΪ
һ̧ͷʵʦСԼô˵ԶͬӦûԼ뷨ɣ
Сͬˣ
Īˮ̾һС˵ˣһúõģ
һúõģ
򵥵ļ֣ȴ·ССϵļᶨ
СѾͷʮ꣬ȴŲڳ˵ԡ
ȻˣǡҲͬ⣡
һʦʦǾ鷳ˣʲôҪĻ˵
İɣ
Īˮ̧ļȻСյͽܣҲǵͽˣһȫԸֻʱ᳤һЩʱҲû취ȥˣ
ĬĬͷڿʼΪѾͷϣһܹ˳


1588 ͻž䣬ϻ
С飬ô鶨ˡ
ҪȥСţȴǱʦͶʦ˵ǲ˴ţ뷨Ҳֻܾʹա
ʦô˵ҴڿʼͲȥСˣʵ
ţ
Īˮף֮⣬ʦȥһţ룡
ðɣ֪ˣ
εʼ磬˶ٺֵˣʦ֮ǰͷ˵ҪһȥʱϵĪүүЩʲôص飬֪ʲô𣿡
ӦǺ쫷йأ
Īˮҡҡͷü΢˵ʦ쫷飬һûйʣ
ðɣ
ЩΣ漴һҲû˵ʲôصĻ⣬໥һЩ޹ؽҪ¶ĽеĳЩȤ¶Ҳúͻ˲١
ҹˣҲǸԻطϢ
һ쳹׻ǣֱ뵽Ůķкһսһֱȵڶʱ֣§ų˯ȥ
˷ܵǣŮս˷ܵӭϣ˷֮࣬˵Ҫ컳ϺӵԸҲǸпѡ
Ĳ֪ΪʲôŮ嶼ûκëȴƫƫһֱ޷У
Ůƽﲢûж˵ʲôʵȴѾǵĲ
żɶŮһĳĲҲƵĲһҹ񣬸Ůڴ
ΪŮˣһ۰Լɷ֮⣬޷ǾܹΪɷڽӴ
սУŮڶ쵽ʱֲǿ𴲣ǵʵ㹻ǿˣȴԾɲƣ֮УһԷʱ򣬶ʱӭλʦЦŪŮɬ֣һĺƶҪγˮƵġ
ֻС֣ɿӶţŪ첻ϡ
ڸίıԹѣҲ֪˭ôȡ֪Լˣ
ȻֱԹҲֻ룬˿ϱ¶

Сӣ㻹ʲô
ʱ֣ŮȥˣԺкȲʱͷϹԶҴҵ˽ɲǣֱӵ۳

챻һ㱻еĲ豭ڵϣûŽ·ϵĲգͷӣҪ˰ôզզĸëأ
СӣʲôԵ󣿡
ϹԶ۵֪֪ˣСӻյģ
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ϹԶһЦż˺һżҵϢԴʵС˵˰ɣаɷ˸һ߳СӲµĻɽ󣬱ᱻѪµһһٺ١

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һͷӣЩϢӦĪүүİɣѪµѪռ쫷ˣûʲôϢУһȥ֮ĪүүΪʲô
˵Ҳ˵ˣСԼŰɣ߿˯ȥ
ôһ仰ϹԶҲû죬ҡҡλε߻ط䣬ءһŹرգһЦãɫѿ桭
ʱ죬Ѿû֮ǰ⣬ɢϢԵǰɭ

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ϹԶ֪Ϣ󣬱λʥ򳤱ûȥݷãŮټԼٻص
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صʱŻһЩٶȣΪľн;кúò̽һΧδߵǣҲҪ˽һЩ
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ĻʵѪµҪʲôһŲһ˵ĸ޷
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˵ȫϾգۼǱľʬ塣
ţʬ徹ȻۿɼٶȲСڵѪҺƾƵģǵϢ޷оǱһտǡ
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ʱ֪ϢĸʯҲ׷׾ۼ
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ڴҿж飬ֻҪڣ;ûκ⣡
ⳤѾγһĬ
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ȥۣ֮˵ǱѪµ˶ˣղһ;УҲĸѪ֮ˣ
˵䣬ĿһӹԵʯ磬˵˵ɣô£


1589 ֻΧټ
Ļʯɲκε飬ǽʮշȫ˳
ʵʯԼҲ֪ô£֪Ѫ֮Ϊʲôǣ
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˴η֣ȴаɷٴС
Ϊ̽ʯٴ˳ȥɵȴǵԾһ߾ʬĻӦ
Ϣɱǵһ˫Ѫ죬ʯҲ콲Ѫ֮˵⣬ԲܹǰƲ⡣
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ʵЩѪ֮˵ʵεķֲΣ
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˵ֻҪһʱ佫ԷĵϵͬʱϵھͲǻܹѡɱ
ʵЩȻûʲô⣬¶Էʥ֮ˣʥ߰صʵֻҪĻһʱʩչĪǻܹӵõ

תۣʮӹȥУȻʮѪ֮˱ܣֻΪû취һѰԽʮ˷ֱԭĵطͬʱΧ½磬һѪ֮˹ԮĻֻҪǲ磬ԵһʱϹȥס
Ҳõһ෽ʽɣ
ûκͣµ˼ڷԲķΧѰţһһѪ֮˽£˵ˣɱҲǲܵģ
ף
Ȼ䣬ڸոշϵһʥصѪ֮ˣΧոһʱȴǺȻüͷһ壬ӶȻԶ˹ȥ
Ӧôߣ
˵ӣ첻Щ֡
ٶȼ죬ϻһ˿뵣ǣű̻ɽķٶ
Ǳˣ࣡
죬ô
ӣôˣ
棬켸ͬʱڡ
͡
һЦһͬʱǰıӿ
Ʋһۣע⵽󲻽Ķ˶ţ죬˫ɫĶأСȥǸ״

һæתԵӣôˣ㲻Ӧص𣿡
ĶǶ
ĻƲƲ죬Ƕ뿪ˣһǱʲô֮Ҿͻȥʦأⲻʦ˵ߺҪ£Ҿ͸ϽŹæأߺߣ죬˼Ҹ·ϵô࣬㶼˵һллˣ
˵䣬Ů˺ǰ°ͣƺܲмԻһ
ðɺðɣлл㣡
εҡҡͷ漴ֵòһ˹İɣ
ôһ˻
൱˫һԲĵȻһˣȴ൱ǧɱ˱óʲô
ðɣӮˣ
Цһ£ţóĲԦ֮
죬ʲôףǸôˣյǰʵ
ĽëգᶶĿڲԶǸѪ֮ϡ
ŶѪµˣ׼ץסȥúʣ쵹Ҳûֱ˵
ŶŶãһȥɣ
㣡
ʼ磬ҲǿĲѣ漴˱Ա̻ɽΪĵķԲ֮ڼߣһʱĹ򣬱ʮѪ֮˱ܣÿһȥ˵ϣ˻ʣһЩ֮⣬ѰѾûʲô𣬸ȥɱˡ
һʱѾȷԲ֮ûһѪ֮ˣŴŽʮѪ֮˵ĵصλøʯ࣬˽ȫȥҲŴһͬص˱̻ɽɽ۵аɷɽׯڡ
ֱ죬ܵǼŮǱЦ˵ͣʱʱػݺݵĵһֱֵۣʲôɶаͷԡ
磬ȥʰɣǺӵȥߣ˵
ţã
ֱӵͷӦ£ʱʯɳȥҲǽЩѪ֮ȫ˻ҹѺͬһԺӣȻΪ˷ֹײǽ֮ķʽɱϼӿܣֻʣ
֮⣬ȴƺȻʲôƵģʵˣʯ磬ƽЩ˲һֱôǵӰ
ĻλүСѾȥˣгɣʯ˵
Ŷ
üëһ漴аЦҿǱٻȥİɣѪ֮ǰʼԸ۷壬ܱڸԼҪΣһЩǺǡ
ĻʯڨڨһЦҲûбҪȥʲô


1590 ضأϻң
ʲôʱȥЩˣʯʵ
һʱȥǣ
֣ҪЩ˿ɲ򵥣һѪҵĺܣҪ϶ǽдȻµòʲôҪĴ𰸣
ţ
ʯȻҲͷȴֺȻɫصĵڵĵǶ֪ĿΪΣ
˵ֻ˰ΧǱ̻ɽΪʲôȴһ֪
ʯĻҲɫһ
Ѫµ˽⣬ֿԲûУܴ
ˣȲˣ
쳤³һֵʯ磬мȥ죡סֻ֪֪Ƕܸߣ
ţ
ô˵ʯ಻ɵЩ΢
һֱʲô鶼ûλ˵ģ
ô
ʯǴ㵵Ц㲻Ӧ

عʯæзԸĪҲӣ
ǺǡҲûʲôصģʯ粻̫ţ
ЦЦۺӲ֪ͨȥĽԺúõĲһ飬ڲɵǰ£ҽһжȫ
С㣿
ʯһ˼˵С
ûʲô˼ڻûУ
֣ϵʯ㰴ҵķԸȥǣסɣ
ǣףʯͷӦ
ˣˡ
ʱûٶ˵ʲôȴ˺Ȼ˽ɫŲѡ
СĶôˣ
ʯüͷһ壬æȵʲôôңǸ߹㣬ҲиߵĶʲôţ
ˣˣ
СĶԾûһƽٵĵǱǹʮȫˣ˰
ʲô
˻һʯමȻɫ˲䣬ôˣ˽ǿѺ𣿡
ǰǡǡ
СĶ֪ô˵ˣĿУĲѡ
ˣǿȥ
ڰ֣ǺʯһͬѺʮѪ֮˵Ժȥ
ʱԺ⣬ϤӰɫĵȺǣǵаɷſɽ֮ʱӹɭ粣
ɭԪڣȴҲԪڣ粵ҪһЩӵԪԪڣһľ磬ΪаɷڽΪŮ֡
μ
쵽ɭ粶ʱǷ
ţ
ףֵض˵˵ɣô
쿴˿ΧԲµ󷨣ûһ˿һɶĺۼ˽нʮȫնɱ
Լɣ
粿Цһ£ɭ˿Ҳ˵ʲôȫΡ
ţ
ҲЩ⣬漴Ǵ˽ȥ
Ǻ˵ڵϣѪɫʮ֮ʱɫ˲Ϊء
ǡж
Щţæȥһ̽ȷЩ˵Ȼж
жôж
ʯҲš
ٲȻû˽ôܻжҶľȻȫˣûһ¡
ȻҶö֮˽⣬ҲԿ϶ЩزΪȾ
üѵԴĶأȱ֮Զ
пܣ
ʯͷѪ֮˵ֶһΪգЩԴصĿҲܴ󣡡
ԣ
ȻȴжصĻôһ;ĸˣҲֹɱΣֱӶˣαô鷳ʱҷӦĻɱܣ
ô˵ǺеĶ粽ӿڵ
ʮ֮˾ţ
ۣ漴ͷ߳Ժ䣬ſͣºɭ粣˽ʬ嶼ˣסСһЩ
ǣ˹Ӧŵ
ţ
쵭ͷǴʯ뿪ˡ
ºְȫʯ̾͵Сϣʯü
Ǻǣʯ˵˵ЦЦ
һȻ϶ǲԴĶأô¶֮⣬ûеڶֽͣ
ʯ˵첻÷ʾ֯һԣֵôһȷֿܣµͳˣ˭µĶ
ʱаɷŴûˣԲõĻɽ󣬸Ѫ֮˽
ô
ʯ˵Ȼһ˿Լء
ˣ
û˵ȥǵֵʯǵ֮ǰĻɣǸȥɣʮ˵ҷ£
ǣףȥ
УʯȻĵͷӦŵǿ첽뿪ˡ

ʲôҪȥң
ڶһ磬˵ҪȥҵʱǼŮɵЩ졣
ΪѾ֪аɷŵĴ˵Ϊаɷ죬ǲӦʱ뿪ĲŶԡ
ǣң
ǺһЦҸսӵүүĴţȻȥһˣǿԸһҲߣԼѡɣ
ɣ
ŵϾаɷ£㲻ڵĻǽҲиӦ
У
ʼ磬ԥĴӦ
΢һٺֳȥʵӣأ
ҵȻǺһ𿩣
ƲƲ죬ĪһҪ𣿺ߺߣһ֪۸ˣҲŲأ
ǺðɣǾ
ЦãʼȻȥһˣүүǱߵʲô¶ˣ;ϻ
ȥȥɣ
Ůڰֹ֣һ䡮ϲźأ˭ԸˡǼŮÿЦá
գ컹뿪ˡ
˲Ƽٴӱϻصɽûκͣľֱصڡ
үүôżһʲôаɷǱ߻أ
ڼүүԨĵһʱ䣬ʵ
ңԳϣԨ˵
̣
һʱҲԺ˽Ԩģ£֮⣬ûܹæˣ
ô£еأҲɫһࡣ
ΪֻſɽԪռ䣡
Ҳԥ˵ڴʲôѣвؿ½֮ΣֻԼܽȥԡ
ǻʲô
û˵꣬Եͽȥ׷ʲôģһ񣡡
𼱣һлû˵أ
ԿЦһ£ҸоԪռЩ仯ȥʱضСģԼİȫҪģ
̷ģҼסˣ
ף漴Ҳûٶ˵ʲôǾֱ뿪ˡ
ȴһ̾ңңԶ˿˿ǣԨòдģĪôΣգ


1591 ռ䣨ϣ
Ԫռ䡭
컹ؼǵãϴǱϸ磬ϹʥѰҾɩӺجuҩ֮ʱΣȻͨǿսʱȴʮط֣ԭʮƽȵԪռ䣬ռĴڣԪռ䶼ڲϵ΢š
ô£
üͷǺڰɫĻһģһûκ
ϴ֮ǰֹоȴԽһЩ
ˣʱȥЩˣ
˦˦ͷüȰ쾲ҵ˵
仯ͬһ㣬ЩڰɫĹâӿᣬֳܿͬĹĻ
֮ǰһģһû
Ҫ˵ĻǾγɹĻĹУĵ˲٣ڵֹУķ֣ԼԪռֹϵҲԽԽһЩ·ָʹĸо
Ȼע⵽ֱ仯ȴҲû̫ķϡ
ĿܿĻϡ
ϴһ߹Ļгֳ쾵
Χγһ޴Ĳϼ룬׹ⲻž˸ƣͷϿգһֱ۴С׹Ȼֱ£Ǹ޴ϼԳܣʱʱغݺݲһ£Ըо˿ּΪ״̬
һߣȴûϴ⡣
ܵУ˫񣬵ȴ¶żΪЦݣϵϢۿɼٶȲϼ
Ȼף϶ĳֻþ޷԰ΣôȥĻ±ؽӲȫʹɵ³
ȻԾ
ֲۣ̻ԪռжȻĳ䣬쾲
ڸôܽǣ
ѣ벻ʲôð취
Ļ˵һЩڵȴʮԴвԽΣգݲ첻Сġ
Σȥ쾲Ǳ߿
һ߹ĻжȻһ˲ԭʧٴγֵʱ򣬺ȻѾľ޴βϼϡ
׹ֺϣ쾪ǣЩ׹⾹Ȼܿûһ˼
⡭
ڸΪˣ˿ȴҲϸ룬æ쾲𣿡

ȴǾ޴ϼдôˣߣԪռ䷢䣬ٲ߾ˣ
ضԣģ
˵ҪβܳңҰ
Ƿôܹգ
쾵ƢЩ𱬣ƽﲻô˵ģһΪԿơ
뵽ˣԣ
Ȼ۾һȰ˵Щ뿪һֱӻ˳
֮һ飬ӦûЧɣ
ˣҪ˵
һ׼ᣬпܵĻֱӳ
˵һ䣬û˵ʲôǽԪעڣɲǼ׹ƣмٷɳһӱ쾾޴ϼϷ˾һĻ֮ˡ
ԭ쾹ȥ׵磬ȴһ˲ı˷򣬿ٵĳϮȥȴ߲ܣЩͲѵ׵ȫգɢ׹Խʮ׹Ħ컹ͨоһϲõ
ɡӾѾԣ
ţǰһȴ˵Ⲣλá
ףЩʲôΪʲôҸоܾȻɶˣ
쾵ʱ֮ҲæԵסץ׼ʱǻҪȥ壡
ã֪ˣ
쾲ٶԣҲǼܵ׵磬Χľ޴ϼ벻ϵš
ˣҳˣ
ʮӺܵ׹ⱻѾյĲˣ쾵ҲȻǾ޴ϼ붸ȻըѶڣ׹ĳ
һǰζˣȻһ֪Ҫʲôʱ򣿡
ˣ
պ飬ЦЦȺúõĻָһ£
ã
쾵ͷ˿̵ʱĥʵ½˲ɣĻĻ˵ԪռС
óҩ쾷£վһΪ令Űʱ֮쾵ʵָ߳ɣǲټ˫ۣԵҲˣ߰ɣȥܣ

ס쾣뿪ɣһȥˣ
ɡ
һȴЩԸæҲһ𣬶ֻҵİ취ҵ壬ûӺһ𰡣У涼ĵĲˣѵԸһֱôȥ
ðɣ
Ȼɲ̫ʣȴҲûж˵ʲôͷˣҪСģȻҸ㲻Ԫռ䵽׷˺䣬δ֪Σյģ
ģ
ЦŴӦҲٶ˵漴һԪռ뿪ˣ
˷Щ׵쾴˴뿪ҲʮɣȻκΣա
ǽĻ֣ͨĻǵ⣬գۼȥڣˮɽܸɫƵĻС
Ļɴʧ״̬ĵ޲
κվǶ޶ΨвϼϢ˵ţȻҲǻŶѣ
쾲Ǳ߻ҪһЩҪǣҾȻ˿κ󷨵ĺۼ
üͷܣĻ֮⣬û֡
ԣ϶ԣ
ǻǻʲô
ģ׸ô죿
ﲻղţ׵磬Ӷ

üͷɫ˼㡣
㱼䣬ٴβԪռϵɵ΢΢һ˲뵽һֹž޲״ֵ̬Ļ򣬾һɲӿ
Ϊģӣգۼǽܵһжȫ֣
ԭﻨһҲǶȻȫˣɺڰ׷ĻҲռ䣡
ţ
֪׹ȥã·һ˲ȴַ·ǧ֮á
˫ۣۺ۰ףγһڰ໥ȴ໥ںϵ磬첻ɵøɻ󣬻벻Ϊλˡ
ǰڰ׷ΪûбյԵʣЩڰԽԽŨ쿴Ĵ㵲ѡ
Ҷ췢ģһжģ
ֱ֮仯ԪռҲйأĻҲѲ˸ϵ
⵽Ϊʲôأ첻ö֪


1592 ռ䣨£
ôˣôˣ
컹ܿռ仯ʱȴȻ켱æعȥ
ʱ㵲ѣϵֲ԰ԼϢ΢ȴ˼⡣
ĺȻ֣ͷԡ
ôˣ
֮ʱ֮쾣С̯ҪһЩ˵Ҳɺܶ࣬ҲΪԸԵʡ
ûĻһ䣬壬㿴ڣҪٲĻ¾ͻһ߸ʬˣ
˻ûʲôɣ
ľȫʧ֮󣬱ֵѪˣʱ²ǳΪһ߸ʬ궼֮ɢһתͶ̥ĻᶼûУ
ٺ٣Ҳ֪ô£
ڨڨһЦͷҾֻԼһ磬޷԰ΣҲ֪ô£ȻȫʧѵʱѾˣ
ǺԪռйأ
ͷղҲȥ쾲ǱߣѾȥˣ壬ҲϽȥɣ
ҳȥأһ㶡
ҡ
챾ҲһģĵȴһڲϵغҪҪʲôԼᷢʲôҲ벻ס
ѵҪ
ɫһ䣬æˣղŶ˵Ԫռ䷢䣬ǺΣգ
壬зִ磡
üȻҲ֪ΪʲôȴҲףܽŪұضΪ֮ҵ̫ϳǾͲܽˣ
㡭ҡ
죬ôΪҺ˿ǣӦֵᳫģŸղԼһλãȴЩ﷢㤡
Ǻǡˣ壬߰ɣ
ЦЦ˵ܹоԼﲢʲôΣյģ
㡭
ЩԸҪ׼֯Ȱ˵һ뿪ʱȻԭƽһЩĺڰ׿ռ䶸Ȼĺڰɫƣֿռ伴̮ĸо
ã
ɫ˲䣬ʱȴУһɲǣǺڰɫâһ˲佫ȫ֣ûиʲô˵ʱ䣬ǿҵĿռ֮Ѹӣαʧ
ҾȻ뿪
ʧλãüͷ΢壬ھЩ
Ԫռ䣬ƺҵĻЩصĹ֮ǰЩо˶ֵģ
վԭأܿռĲԼЩڰ׹âӿ˺ƻһƵģþδ
ŴŴš
֪ȥãܺڰɫڿռзĦ֮λΪģܿγһȦȦ໥ƣγһΪصķ羰ߡ
վЩ籩ģȻ˿δ˳ǽĺ֮⣬ʯûʲô
ס
Ȼ䣬ȻۣҰ׵ֻԵޱȶأҲûʲôǱĺаķ˳
ڷɳɲǣ̷ֳ֡
ߺŵڹ⣬ƿĹһ㣬Ŀռ䶼˲˲١
ұа񣬳ƵӨӨ׹֮⣬ȴһּΪϢĺȫƵģҲռ侹࡭
һʱ䣬첻ɵЩסʼźа
Ȼû뵽һá
ԭĺа񣬾ǿʼƣɿͷϿգһ໥ϣúаֶɡ
⵽ô£
첻ףаôȻԶ֣⵽ζʲô
ڰ˼֮ʱܿռвӿĺڰɫâܵʲô׷׳ͷϵĺаӿȥ
գۼ䣬аΪڰ׹âģޱȹƣɢһּΪϢ

β֪˶ãһ죬һ໥ڵĺڰ׹âȻֱֱԺɲǼһĪϢԺУ첻һ
ͬʱǻǲܿƵչ˿
ҲֺڰףҲͬǺڰɫ໥֯صĶӦ˶һ˵״̬Уþ޷԰Ρ
˵˿̵ѾȴңĶ뵽ڵĻУݲʲôľٶ
̫̫ǣǻС
ۣʶš
֣ǺڰɫâȻΧγһȦȦ̫ͼڰ׷ȴ໥ںϣɢ֮ղŸϢ
ͬʱΪģȻŲͬɫ
飬ľ飬ˮ飬飬飡
еţյĳضĹ켣ΧƣͷϷĺаȴƳΪӵģγһּΪĻ桭
ĽɫľɫˮɫĺɫԼɫɫâϵ໥ƣǺаǲϵɢڰɫâͬâӵֲͬɫâۿɼٶȲţȽ֮ճֵʱ򣬵ȷԽǿʢ˲١
ŴŴš
ţںʶ״̬У˫ֿʼٵӡǰһռˮĿˮռ侹ͬʱˣܵĻ໥ںϣһˮڰΡ
㱼䣬ֻĸ˲٣˶ƵõƵģǰδе̹
һоΪʲôԾɲڵЩҲ޷ƣ
֪׹ȥãӵɫƺѾ˼£ںа»ع֮Ҳ֮ʧܵһжôһ˲ȶ
ڣ컺˫ۣȻһ˲䣬ȴǳ׾סˣأô͵ˣ
û𾪵ķ֣ԼʵȻﵽأ
Ҫǣأһһ
ÿһͻƣ׽ٵĽ٣һ׽޷ɹôضӲ֮ѣ
أ
ûиоκ׽ٵĳ֣ʵأ
ֲ켣飬Ȼᷢϣβ쾪ȣ
ҡ
Ĳ֪˵ʲôˣ΢˼Ƭ̺ȴǶȻɫһû׽ٳ֣᲻ΪԪռеԵʣ
ԽԽֿܣ漴ɫҲ˲١
׽ٳֵĹɣһػоŵ׽٣ػжһʮ˵Ŷʮߡ
֮ΪԪռԵʲ׽ûг֣ôһ뿪ǻж׽ٺ׽һ٣ﲻ΢΢һ


1593 أѪϣ
УԿ쾺˽ȫ󣬲ɫһϲȻȳټ˵Ŀȴȿ˿󣬶ֲԼͬˢˢĳȥΪѯ֮⡭
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊ컹û

Цһ£򵥵˵һ飬òС
Դˮǰɣ˵Ĳһ
ָԴ˵㶼棬ʵǻһЩҪΣô죿
㣬ҡ
ЦѣĲ֪ôȥ͡
ʱԨȴǴ˽λϣǸղ˵˭Σգ˭ûǡ
ΪԨ֮үϵң°ڣҲֻԨܹλ̫ϳ˵
ȻҲմĹ⣡˭ҵĵλ̫ϳأ
Ԩ
Ԩ¶һĨΪǿЦݣҲ˲ȥ߳ˡ
Գϣղ˵Σգ˲æʵ
ǣҲֻǲ²ѣ׼ģ
Լæ˵⻰˭ţ
˵Ԩˣ¾һСӶŵİɣ
ԨҲģµģҲȰ˵
ðɣ
Ԩ޷˵ʲô֪λ̫ϳ϶Դ֮ͬȴҲԼĵλǰҲʵʵڵĳ
ܲһȥôʳɣ
ܾãӦûЩջ񣡡
ʱҲ֮˵˼ֵϣ
ջ񣿡
˾һͷ֪ΪΣҾԪռԵ룬֮⣬Ǽ˻˭ܹɽ
Ҳǣ
ףӦ˵ΣϴԪռг˵ʱҲܵһʱ佫ҵ
ˣ
⻰ԨԼ˶һ
ǺǡȥľͲ˵ˣ
ЦЦûж͡
΢һٺųԨ˵İɣǶӦ
¡¡¡
Ȼ䣬һصƬձ׹֣֮ˣ֮ɫ䣬һһĴӸ߳ӿݵĽƣɫΪء
ǡ׽٣
Ҿ첻ѣ˵Ŀⶼǰ֮ϡ
һӰɣ
ͻˣ
¶Цݣ˵ĲȷԪռջ񣡡
ô죿Ԩǵĵʵ
ʱ׽ٳ֮ǰޱѹ֮УѪҺ仺˲١
ֻܿ
쾳׽û취æģʵҪɹû⣡
žͺã
ף΢һٺֵԨȥǰһ£˴ţ
ǣȥ
ԣͷٵ뿪ˡ
˿̵֮ϣȴɫģȻżǿѹȴ㲻ʲô
ȻǶ׽ٺ׽һ
˫ָϿǷĽƣ첻ۡ
ҵģ
ǻһĨаЦ䣬һ˸׹ʱڼ˲ǷЩ֮У飡
ʵѾ˵ġ
һΣԲϴһ׽׽׽ٵͬʱ٣ϴ˵ɲıԼҲκεд
һҪ﷭̫òʧһЩ
飬ҲǶɹ׽ٵĲţ
ûһ׽ٿʼˣ
ǺѹǰĿֲѹ£Եһ׹⳯ȥΪʼڶ£ƬضƵģвٵڷţҪĺЩһɫף֡
׽׽ٵͬʱ٣ɾûһһڶô򵥣
ȻȴǱȴҶ֮еĶҪɺܶࡣ
ȫû˿˺ĳһ׹ĺ˸ŵ׹ҫ۶Ŀ֮⣬ûжκӰ졭
ߣΪ֮Ĺϵ֮׽ͨһ̶ȵĴעڣõһĴ뵤ﶼ˶˲١
ȻЩ׽ٵĽ٣صʵҲԽȹ̣ȫҪⷽ滨ʱˣ
¡¡¡¡
׽ٲϽ٣е𵴣һǰΣɵ¶ޱȾĿ⡣
죬ΪԵʣЩ׽ٲûκ˺ƳΪĲƷƵģĨаЦ
ڣڹȥʱңԭֵȻƽĺȫȻɢȥٴչֳ˺֮ǰһΪʵա

λƮ䣬Աǵһʱӭ˹ȥЦϲ㰡ڶˣԪռͻİɣ
ţ
ЦŵͷԪռз飬ȴҲֻһţϸ
ҲȻ׷ʣԪռѾ»ָ˵Ҳ֮¶˼ΪõЦݡ
ô˵Ԫռ֮ضԣ˵λҪϺܶࡣ
Ԫռ䣬Ҳܹ
ʱŭݣԨҲǼæ˹֪ʵǣһϲ쳣ȴҲЩ̾
ʮ갡
Щǻȥˣ

μϣ
ѪռУǶ׽ٺ׽ͬʱ֮ǰĳѪɫУȴһѪɫۣòסˣسѪǷ
ʹض񣡡
Ѫ̧̧֣ĵʹ֣кξٶ
ϣܣ֮ǰаɷŵж⵽˽ɱѾӻԪ½ˣѪʹ
Ѫ粿ɷҵǱӰľ׻龧ʲôϢ
ѪҺϵʱѪ飬Ѿ˽Ҫͷһɹӵа˴ͬʵķʱֻҪõĴɽɲʱñʧ
һѪʹӦ
ţ
Ѫͷ漴ȴ͵ѪɫâһƿԴ͸ռƵģȻͻˣʱ׽ٽ٣ȥ̽Ӧأ
ǣȥѪʹӦŵ
ȵȡ
Ѫʹת׼뿪֮ʣѪȴǽסޱԵȥú׼һ£ò˶ݿ¾ڲסˣʱ򣬲Ҫţ
ϣ⡭
ѪϵĻѪʹʱЩ㵡
ˣȥɣҪѱ˶ɵӣ죬ǸгƵŮˣ
ѪûжͣڰʾѪʹ뿪Ѫɫ˫ȴǲУ֪˵Щʲô֮ʧ


1594 ٻаɷţƵķ֣
̻ɽаɷɽׯ
жɹ׽ٺżλ˵һΪаɷڵǴ뿪κεľֱص
رϾһռ䣬»ٵĿռ䲨ߵаɷˣȴҲоġ
ԣϷ飬ʯǸͺ޲
¹˶ϲѡ
Сһֱ˵컳У
գ˵˵ŵһԸŪ֮СһŹԹԵˣǵһͬȥԱˣȥˡ
磬ͻˣ
ԺУЩĵ
Ϊʵǵһˡ
ͻƣ
飬ѺŮˣҲǾȲѡ
ˣ࣡
һ˫˫ĿϣŪЩڡ
ţ
ҲֱӵͷЦҶѣ
Ǹ
ûķһۣ죬Ŷ󰡣
ٺ١йϵ𣿡
ٺһЦŪƿԡ
˵һ¶ԽʵԽǿϾҲҪʱۻƺ϶ȫʺϣ඼֪ôȥˣֻٴγ춪ܴİۡ
ˣ飡
΢һٺ쳯ʵ֮ǰʮѪ֮еĶôˣ
ûʲô
ʻЩЦҡͷ˵ʵڵģеʲôһרϵһʦʦ˵ûۼ֮ǰҲ޷ж
ô죿
ԲЩ졣
˭˵أ
ȥ磬ֵһȷЩزӰ죡ѾЩʬճɻҽˣҲصĻٴж
ͺãǻ治˵Ļң΢һȴü㲻ЩôжģҲ޷׷İ
Ҳû취˫һ̯Цá
ˣȲ˵ˣ
֣λ׼Ҫչؼգ
չأ
ŮһЩȻ
ţ
ͷϴеջҪúõһ£˵Ҹʱչؼյģһֱûʲôʱ䣡
еջ
ֵȻǧɽǱߵʱˡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪô˵Ů˼֮ͨȻҲʡ
ΨȴЩɣ죬˵ʲôջ񰡣òִĸùߵùʲôöɣ
ٵ𣿡
ûĻһ䣬ȴһЦԥĵͷŶ㱾ǣҪȻôаأ

ֱԱߵļŮҲЦѡ
ˣһеȥʯǣ
֣һһٸŪ⣡
˵꣬ǿ첽뿪ˣŪüŮЦͣȴʮֲľ˾죬ʲô˵ܣߺߣ죡
ŮЦУȴ˼˸˷֡

ʯ磬ôˣʲô𣿡ҵʯ࣬ԱߵĽ̴һкʵ
Ľ˵ɣ԰ģʯЦ
Ľ
ҲŤͷĽȥŮֺǷǮƵģ֮ĵҹ۲죬ûʲôԾĵطʱ䣬˯֮⣬һֱͼλһ𣬲δ뿪̻ɽ벽
Ŷأ첻÷ĵͷʵ
ġ
Ľһԣгɰļ֮⣬ҷһǰЩĵطϲһˣ
ʲô˼һ
ģ
ʯڱϽ͵ǰСߵʱ򣬶ϲССˣȴǲȻ
Ŷ
ԣüëһô
㲻žˣ
ĽûĻһ䣬漴㳯ȥҸ˵Ѿ˵ˣǸ࣬ߵĻһ⣬㲻ҵĻǾ͵ʲôû˵ˣ
Ľ̴ԺŵʱȴԺһ˸ոյǳƣ
ƽĵͷĽֱ̾뿪ҲϰĽ̵̬ȣ˿Ϊ⡣
ƶôˣ
ƣҲЩɻ
İɣһרŹģЦЦ¡
ȸˣʯԹԵĹ뿪
˵ɣƶʲô·ǵôңЦǺǵʵ
磬ҾЩԾ
ƻһΧȻ˵
ôԾˣҿǺǰһûûΣһһ졯Ľңô𣿡Ц
˰ͣ
ûƲھ㻹Ҵŵʲô㲻Ҳ𣿲Ȼ㲻ڵʱ򣬺αĽȥ
ðɣ
ʼ磬˵˵ʲôԾģ
ȣ֮ǰ˵ʱʰһѪ֮֮ʣ԰ɣ
˵Ҳûش֮󲻾ãЩѪ֮˱ͬʱж
һֱ룬ǲڱԴĶأ͵͵Ǳ¶²ѾˣôҲֻһֿܡ
Ǿ˽ӴǣһȻ¶ҿԿƶصӺͷŻЩһж˺ˣȻֶҲܹ죬÷ҵ˵ô
˵Ҳͷ
ôҲֻһɶǾӣ
ƼڶһֱǺԣǰҲǵˣһȴͬǱҪԸȥӽƺ˼ɣһˣ˴ı仯
һ㣬ղʯĽҲἰˣ
ףӦƶĲǱˣ
ֿܣ
һĨأ֮⣬ӣȴĿģҲδ֪
˼˵
Щ˼ȴ³Ѫ£
Ѫ¡
۾һУô˵ҲѪµˣ
Ҳѵ͡
֮ʱһҡҡͷҵǻǰʱһϵе鷢֮ҵĻүϣ
ϣ
Ƹǲˣ˵ҲѪµˣⲻܰɣǶѪ֮˺ʹ޵𣿡
Ǻǣо仰˵úãΪۼΪʵҾЩʱĶһģ
һЦĵҲ£үӲѪ֮ô򵥣ѪµеĵλҲͣ
λ͡
ü΢˼һ͵һŵľ磬˵үǡ
Ǻǣ
ЦЦִϵֻǲ²ѣҲϣǣʵ̫ĹˣǷ룬Ӧò˶ñԵõˣ
˵첻ٶԣ˿̵˫˸żΪĺ⣬ܵ¶ȶ½١


1595 չأȱʱ似
ӣһĨᣬʵô죿
ô죿Ҳ˵ôҪչؼգЦŻص
ʲôҪչأ
ĻЩ죬һΪ֮ǰǹ˵أ
Ķ˵˵
ЦЦչԿܲʱ似ʱ鶼ôˣܾܲôһֱŰɣ
ʱ似
΢΢һʵأ
ȿɣ
ЦҲûʲôʵԵ֤ݣβɴһã
Уô˵㣡
ƲƲ죬ȻȥˣȻ̫û𲻱ҪĻɣ
ųת뿪ıӰֵˣƶ˵˵ȥһҪȥһЩ飬һٹȥ
У֪ˣ
˼ڰֺ漴Զˡ
һʱ䣬Ǻ͸ʯԼλһ飬аɷѾѪ¸ˣҪСģٴη˵¼
ҪĻһ㣬ȥ֮˵Щѿ϶ҪһЩϾǵҲΪаɷţ첻ʲô̬ĻôضʧȥģΪак쵼аɷһ˵ȣ
Щ֮⣬Ҳ˵һҪչص飬һʯ
ԴˣҲûʲô飬Ͼ˵ʵڵģѾϰ쵱˦ƹľٶΨĽ̺ǲ˼䣬ƺ֮ǰĻɣСŮһļǳġ

̻ɽɽУѡһƧĵطбչأܸԲ󷨣ֻҪ˴ԵһʱҲڱչлܵʲôӰ졣
Ȼʵȫ£Ա֤˵ѪԹҲضԽ䵲סһʱ䣬Ϊչض߻ħ
ϥΧŵǰһʱڲϵţܵĿռ䶼ЩŤƵģоһʱ֮С
ʱ飬쵱ɱõģǸʱɱ򸾣һ֮ǰǧɽɱ飬Դֱ˼㣬ǲϵĿڳơֱڶǲ⣬벻еԵɡ
ΣʱܹǱУҲȻǶԼһ޴ĽչͰ޴ŵıչأȫע뵽ʱڣ붨ɮƵģܵһк֪飬ٲȻѾ뵽һֹž޲״̬
֮ǰõеļӣֱżΪǿĹܣռλӰȴһָ
⣬Ϳˮ鶼Ŀռ䣬ľżĻָãԴӽõ֮󲻿ɻȱĴڡ
ʱ飬Ҳ˼ڴ
ʱҪǰӵһЩԭܼ򵥣ʵ˲٣ڸȻأڸ涼˵ǽ֮ǰȫԽһ󲽡
ȻҲֻһ棡
ڶ˵ֶʱ似ĿϣȷǺǿġ
˵ľ֮£ҲԽĴ̼Ŭϣܹʱڳɹ
ʱһһĹȥȻľУʯһ㡣
ڳĻȻῴӳЩϵʱһּΪѭܵʱٶ仺˲٣ռںΪһƵģ֣ѡ
ʱɢİɫâȴԽʮһǿʼΧ첻ϵת·һδҵӼԼĸĸƵġ
⣬ΪģܷԲʮ֮ڵһУֲﻨܣۿɼٶȲϵϻţĲ֦ҶȻϻ֮ȴһֲϳ֣νǰתǧأĪͬ
һеı仯뵱ǧɽϵЩһģһֻǷΧСͬѡ
˵ɳľУЩ仯Ǻ޲صһĻҲǷˣܷԲʮ֮ڵһȻڲϵת䣬챾ȴκα仯ͬһˣûܵκʱŵӰ졭
ڣ֪ȥãܷԲʮ֮ڵһֲڽ˾žŰʮһת֮Ȼ۾΢΢Ȼ˫˿
һɲǣ˫кͶʱԶ侫â
ݣһ˫۾˾һߣԿһеá
ȻĿУȴֲ֪ΪεĺȻüͷ˴˲һͷϿյʱڣȴԵɻ벻⡣
ȥ࡭
ʱ䣬Цѵİҡҡͷ
󷨺컺߳ÿһȴ̤ĳֹŹֵĽڵ㣬һգʱѾ˰֮ϣ̤ĲҲǾžŰʮһ಻١
Ҫǣÿ̤һʱ򣬽¶һصİɫɢżΪŨӸһֵȫţҲֻһ˲ʱѡ
ʱ似ž
ȳȴǽʱ似˵˳
žǼʱţԼӿһּΪĸ쿴ȴûʲô̫Ĺá
üǣʼվʱ似ǲȱġ
ʱĳЩɣôӦòֻǿʱٲŶԣ˵ģǴǰǧɽ͸ղֲת˵һˡ
⵽ô£
˼⣬ܲΪʱ鱾ǲȱİɣ
벻ͨ벻ͨ
ЦѵҡҡͷԵüΪΡ
ˣˣ
ӵ˼˦ԺֻԼԵδܿıӰз£ǾžŰʮһҲ˲ʧܵһȫع
סƺûã
У·뵽ʲôƵ۾һ
ս֮УȻóУʱʱԼӴԷԪģֶܲΣֲֻɣ
ѣһҸԿˣϣҲµòȻʱ似Ļܼ߰
뷨ȶҲٳɣǺܿĴ뿪ˡ
յıչҲ֪žǷĿãΣվһּܣҲǿֶ顣
飬Ҳֻ뿪˵ˡ
ܿĻصаɷɽׯĺԺУڻ԰ˣ磬ֻСһ˵ȴŮܶ࣬ŷҷ绨Ůֲʳ˼̻ʡ
첻òϣŮĳˣ
죬Сһ˹·˲˺üӡŪЦãҲæ߹ϲְֳأ


1596 Ľ
ڱչ֮ĻƿʼʶȥˣСû˿Ļɣƨ߶ƨ߶ȥˣϾҲʮϲģȴȫͬ
ÿȥʱòһֽ뿪ÿһ˴һʱ䶼Բᳬӣöڰ۲ĳƲۣȴԽжϡ
һʱ䣬ЩԾˣڳ಻ڵʱҵ͵͵ҧ˺һĶ䣬Ҳ֪Ƶ׺˵ЩʲôСɿƷƵļȥ࣬Ҹϣ֮ҵĽڶǰЩͬȴװʲôƵģɼš
СѾͷķˣ
չصĵڶһԹ緹֮ԡҪȥΪɻصķУȻڹغ÷֮ȴ˲
ģ
వѣڴϿڴͷ˸â
¹Ĵݾߣ޲ǸСѾͷŪҿҪˣ
ŵкƣֻǣǸŮ˵ļз֣СѾͷҲ򵥣ƺǿкʽȻĻҲıܿˣ
Ҳǰ취
ѣôȥĻò˶ҾͻˣǸСѾͷɲһƲ磡
Уҵ֪ͨ常ӿƻȻһ¶룡Ǹ죬ڱչأҲע⵽飡
һüᶨ󻺻ȥ
ڷע⵽֮ȴǺܿ뿪Ժ䣬Űɽȥ

ɽľϣΪаɷḶ̌븱һͬվǰ棬ȴʮõʱʱؿƺ֮ҲԿ˽غȴԥٴս
ΪаɷŵҪϢԴõλüΪҪ
ЩѵǼΪǳԵķʽѣѵҲֻҪܹõĽ̵Ͽɣɳȥִ񣬵ȵ֮Ҳɻ
õһУǽĽдֻҪܹպϢԴٶȣֻҪܹ֤ǵģѵЩҲûôҪˡ
Ͼаɷĸÿڣÿһڵְ𶼸вͬѵķʽȻҲһ
ȻеȷЩ֮ͬڸȴҲҪͬѵɣ֮⣬ĸּܣҲڸãԴʯ඼ȥ֡
ܿߣҲĽˡ
ˣȻûʦͽ壬ȴʦͽ֮ʵĽ̶ʮֿأ˵ûḶ̌;û粵Ľ죡
С㣿ôˣ࣬Ľ̲ü΢
ĵ飬Ľģ࣬ҲȻʲôõ̬ȡ
ȻΪĽƽﱾ䣬̬Ȳκβ
û£ߣ
ߣЦЦĽÿ춼ôѵµ𣿡
ţɣ
Ľ̵ĵͷԵСûµĻ뿪ɣһҪѵ£ûʲôʱ䣡
˵ЩḶָ̌Ц
Ŷ
ĻĽΪϵףУ粣Ҷţ
粹Ӧŵ
С㣬ȥǱ˵ɣ
ã
漴Ľ̺˾ԱߵһСУܼΪģ޵˴ڡ
С㲻֪к飿Ľ̵ʵ
ĽĪһֱʾѵͲ½Ҳ˼ˣЦѡ
ȻĽȴδش鶼ûбһ£öһЦе಻ЦһͣٶԵЩΡ
Сֻĵ⣬ǾɣĽޱ
ѽĽ̽㲻˰ɣ˼ҶֻǺ㿪Ц
ָǰʱƤЦĽﰵЦȴɫļСʲô뾡ֱ˵ֻЩĻǿûʲô̸ˣ
ұЦ˻𣿡
״æ죬ժһƬҶţԵĽ̽㣬ܾͳ֮ʲôɣûһ㲻뷨
ţ
⻰ĽüСʲô˼
ѽûʲô˼ֻǺŶ
ཫ˵Ҷ˵һûмӵأǲǳǿнµģ
ûеңҲûǿʲôĽ̵ػص
ôĽ̽Դʱ򣬺˲һ
С㣬㵽˵ʲô
Ľ̵㲻ú𣿡
ðɺðɣ
˾С죬Ľ̽һǿƵŮأҪɣĽ̽ɴ൱ʦɣһȥ潨һרŮӣһܾʺܺأ
ȥ潨һ
ȻڿЦĽȴףһ̽̽׶аɷţжġ
ûж֮ǰĻɣĽҲԻΪڿЦ
ȴȻˣʱĽȻ˼־裬ΪҲΪһ򵥵ĻٵĶ˲·ͨһЩʲô
ൽǼ٣Ŀģ¾Ϊ˷ֻаɷţ
֮ǰʮѪ֮ж飬ΪĻôĿҲܼˣǵĴǿѶһЩ
ͨЩҲڼͷתѡ
ĽЩ㵵࣬洴㲻Ѳؽţ
ֻǾú
ûзĽ̵ĲԾЦ˵Ľ̽ŶȫŮӵǸöãٺ١ʱҲԺһЩƴһˣ
뷨ȷҲǰҲйһ¥ȫŮˣĽЩĶףӦ
ۡѽ̫ÿĻȻ־ô϶кܶྭŶྪϲѵ˵
ЩȣʵѾĽ̵ĺȻҲܷŹ¥ֻȴḺ̌һĪɽĴڡ
ϾĪɽΪ쫷󽫣쫷ʵ̫ǿĪɽУҪ˲Ľ̵ʵȴҲǲܵġ
ȥһ
Ľ࣬ʵУղ˵ҪΪʦ
ţ
ٵĵԴĴ۾ϣ
룡
Ľü΢˵ǻͬ뿪
һأѵĻ㻹ҪһӶ𣿡ĽЩɿڣʱ
ˣ룡
Ľ̰֣С㣬һˣ
˵꣬˵ʲôḺ̌ǾֱĳǱȥԼפԭأŻޱȵϣȴֳһĨɭȻЦݡ


1597 ٻ

ھֵ˵Ķ֮Ľ粼ѵԼȷûиٺ󣬱Ǿֱȥҵʯ࡭
Ľ£
ʯ౾ڴ飬Ľ̵Ҳæ£Ըһ衣
ţ
Ľ̽ӹ豭һߣͷղȥˣ
㣿
ʯһʱ΢ʲôĪ㱳ѳаɷţ
ɣ
ĽЦЦ漴֮Ľ̸ϸϸĽ˳ʯñֱŹֵ˼㡣
Ȼֽ̽㣡ҲóʯЦ
ǰ
Ľ֮ͷܿתԵ¿²ӣһҪȥϵˣǡ
Ľܷģ
ûĽ˵꣬ʯǵЦŴϵڵĸλл¶Ǹ֮սģķ治طţյҲͨһϵеĿ飬б֮ˣ
ǣЩ
Ľ̵ͷȴּѪ֮˵ֶμΪգ˭Ҳұ֤ǵ˲У΢עһЩҲǲٵģ
ɣһ
ʯҲɫһ漴ͨݣһڣаɷڵи߲ȫڴˡ
ʯࡣ
ǧֵܡ
£¾Ρ
飬һ裬Ḷ̌ڤʯݴϾֱԾҲһʺϵˣȴѾһѡںʯǶап죬һõϿɣôʽΣҲǸʯȥһЩ
˲Ǳˣͬʱаɷŵɭ
Ȼڵжã⻹Ҫɭڿɽ֮ʱָ㣬߰Ҳȷ˲٣ҲΪҲܱ쿴С
λˣôھȿһᣡ
ʯ˵ã˵һой¶͵£Ҳ˵ȥһ㣬ԸŹ洦
ʯ໰е֮⣬ޱ飬һֱŲ豭ںȲĽ֮⣬˶ǼΪ죬ȴҲҪ飬ʯˡ
ƽ֮ദһˣ
֪жãѾûʯصɫˣ
ˣڴҶ˵
ʯһǻֽŹرգɳصһһʮȫ˳÷ڵ֮һҲɫȻƢΪ𱬵ǲûȥֱȥˡ
ȻǰҲҪʵС
ʮӺʯིˣŻԵˣžڴҶ˰ɣôĻҲ˵ˣҲ֪ôģ
ʯģ
˷׷׵ͷӦŵȴǲͷҪ˵ɴֱС椣Ǻαظô鷳
ûӵļһΪô򵥣
ʯûĳȥһֱ䵱ǵܵܿ裬Ҹ㣬òҪǳʲô鷳
ðɺðɣ֪ˣ
ջӦ
ȻȥĽôпܻȥǣ
ǳ֮ʯǲҪʲôԵıʾίߣһе֮飡£ϵаɷŵмǾκδ⣡
ǣ
˷׷Ӧŵɢȥ
ڴ֮ˣʯҲûйȥ˵Ƕ죬аɷŵģôȥӦǾûġ
ֻʯҲ룬Ľֻ֮ȥʲôˣԺַʽȥͼֻ

ˣڱŪüӡЦõĺһǣŻȥԼķлһɾ·
磡
ոմ·ûãƱǾֱƿ˽û˵ʲôȴǽŹغãΧһ磬¡
ƶǡ
ܲ⣬ȴչʱУȥĽ̽㣬һ裬Ȼǧˣ
Ŷ
⻰ʱüëһʲô˵ʲô
Ľ̽˵ҪʦȻȥ洴һȫŮ˵
ƻصǼһر˵Ľ̲̼ҪĲֵ
˵Ʋһ죬һڵȻ˼ƣͼҪֵܻ϶

ҲЩЦãôͲ±¶Լ
˼ֶζûһ¶·һжֻΪЦ˴ƣҲֻЦԣǸ˼Ҳˣûĵ
˵ֶι
ЦѣҶоĵĻҲܵİ
ôͲĿ
ʳָĶͷϵ˵㣬ƲѵԸһֱôȥڿȷԲ࣡
ǻʲôأ췴ʵ
֪
ƶһİۣһжָƣҶḶ̌裬ֵ˵ĹҲʮ˵ѾҲˣѪ֮⣬벻ʲô˵ĴĻǣ
ǰѪɣ
Ҳף漴ѪӦץʱѪ飬ôҲֻһֿܣѪʹ£

򴽣Ѫʹʲôˣ磬ǲһЩ²⣿۷𣿡
ᣡ
˳ƵʻҡͷѪϵľǲܽʹʹеģң̫ϳѾ֣ѪʹʵȴҲӹ̫ϳϵŲ飡۷У˼пܱһЩѪ֮⣬ľûʲôˣ
㵹˵˵Ѫʹס
֮ʣû˵꣬ȴǺĵƶղ˵Ǹ˼ȥֻǧ
ţ
Щ΢㶣Ǻܿĵͷʯ˵ģд
ӦҵһѰ
ۣ׵ֻʲôϵȻһָƣһЩСѧ֮²ӦǼ򵥵ֶˣ
磬㵽˵Щʲôƺܲ⡣
Ǻǡ
Цˣû뵽ǸŮ˻ԼҲãҲȥˡ
ֱˣΪʲôҼŮ˵ʱ򣬻ЩϤ
Ϥ죬һֹϤ·Ǽѡ
ϤԴȴϣ
Ϣ
磬硭
˼ȴֲӣûֵ㷢ʲôͨʲôУʲôѣ
ٺ١
عڳǽĿУ콫˶§뻳У˫΢еĵƶû´Ļ֪ݡ
΢һٺڳǺУŽһһٵĵٻ


1598 ֵڶƾͼƣ
ء
䡭
̻ɽɽĳ˼ĵطȴǷսֲĽǿĳŴصĽʯҷɣΧٵֲݻٴ
ʱգʱĲ˸ûͣ
Ȼһж˵Ĵɵģһ˾ȻаɷŵĻǧֵܡ
Ϊʲôô򶷣ԭֻһŮˣ
׼ȷ˵࣬˵Ӧýٻ
ƵĶԻԼ˼Ѿȷ˵ǸΪٻСٰģ
ĿģȻΪ˷ֻаɷţǧҲֻѡĿе
ȻֵˣٻʹõҲ˼ƣ
ֻȴʱʯѾ쵽ԾˣҲѣһвҲֵֻװװӡ
ء
սֵѾʼԶԷƿڴԭȭߣȴҲʼóԵ˫۾ΪսɫƺļΪŭΪһŮҪԼͬôֵء
߼սͬʱǲԶȴڲһӰǸٰٻ
ֵڻ£´˿ڰ죬ȴһƬ谵˵ôԶˣ¾ʮ֮ڣҲһܹټ
Զǧ˵սٻзһ֮ɫ
׻˵úãӢѹ˹أ
ٻ˵ֵܻ㲻ֵܡ
ǵֻݾߵĻٻԶ֣ҲԷַӽֱֵһض˵ĻɣϾаɷŲͬǸɽ޷롭
ֵ˶ôȻɵıضˣ
໥ԲжǿɾͲһˡ
Ҫǣȥֵܣǹܿ˵ģ֮֮飬Ҳֻ֪
ٻȴû뵽ǣͳƵעϣֵܵڶҲȫǰͳõļƻ͵͵˽й۲ʱٻԼֺγ˵ĹעУ
ֵܵļսԽңѾ˺ܶ˿ڣٻ¶һĨѪЦݡ
ɴɣٹգС㱣֤ôĶ֪
ٻۣкâ˸ɱʮ㡣
ļƻҪֵ֮ŭ𳹵ױ𣬶Ĵ̼ҪԷأʱڣһʱҲĽаɷų׷ֻ
ƢΪ裬Ḷ̌ԼаɷŲٵв㣬ʱΪˣǸʱں常Ӧϣһٽаɷų£
һĽ̺ȻʧʱвƺоĲֵ߸˹
ֵܵսҲ˶òͣ¡
ߣ
ŸϹ죬ʯˣֵܳ칰˹֮󣬱໥һҲûи˵ʱ䣬Ǹ뿪
һĻò˿Ŀ࣬벻ͨô¡
˺ˣûʲôģ߰ɣ
ɫѿİ˰֣Լ볯߸ϹǷ׷׺ˣɫĺȵʯ磬ȥҶһˣȻභĻҳȫǣ
ϢŭȥʯҲæӦŵ
ߣ
߲ѵ˦˦ֱ֣뿪ˡ
ʯ˿Ҳæ֮뿪ߵķҲǧֵסԺķλ

ǵĵٻղ뿪ģȻҲļƻУΪԶ϶ٻǾԲǧֵʱԴʱҲǽƾͼƣ
ȻֳŭҲǹװģΪľǷֹٻٴ͵͵ϣ
һϵе飬˵ļƻУ
صһΪƧԺʱǼѵȺĽ裬ûãʯҲǧǧֵܸ˹Ϊ˲ٻĻɣǻ΢һȦ
ⳡϷҪݵʲôʱ򰡣
죬ǱԹ㿴ҺҴڣǲҰҪ򣬴ҶѪˣ
ò˼ˣ
ǺһЦػصҲûйȥˣϾһôˣڶٻҲỳɡ
Ϊ˼ֵܣ϶ȥԸҩˡ
ǣ϶ʱ

ĻǿЦһ¡
ˣܣ
ǧΪʹʵԸ
ǧĿڣȻҶ˵
ʱҲɫ΢ݵĵԾɰռƻƾͼƣ裬Ҫұֺһ㣬Ϊ㱻ŮǰˣС²׼Զ
ģ
һʱˣһóԹҪǰ²׼ԶǵҪ
Уû´ĻձԽˣʱΪ칦ɫ˵
ǣ
ӦŵȴͷЦĿ⣬в
Сӡ
⻰ʱһǺʹӦãҴӦ㣡
ٺ١̫ˣĿһʱ˷ܲѣͲûˮˡ
һӣҲһݸĽ̵Ƕһߡ
Ŷˣ
Ц֮ʯȴʲôƵģ˵ǸŮҪ֣϶аֵİɣȻƾһˣֻǣҲܽаɷµİɣ
Ҳĵĵط
ͷҲ̫ģڣаɷžԲ£
ǣ
ٴӦŵǿʮӣҲ׷׷˲١
а첻аɷ֮аɷ˵Ķ
ֻҪڣҶŲܽʲôķ꣬Բ⣡
ˣĽ֮⣬˶ȻȥɣסСģǸٻĲĻӦʮóöøǵκζҪСģ˰֣ѵ
ǣ
˷׷ɢȥĽʵ죬£
ڶаɷУֱȻֱܹӳƺֵģҲֻĽһˣ
û£
쵹ҲΪ⣬Цʼ硣
㡭
Ľü΢ʱű˿Ƶδ滺ЦŵĽ̽㣬ģл˵
ƶð
Ľ̵ɫһЩͷлֱ˵ǣ
ãţȥǣ
ǺһЦǾֱ뿪⴦Ժ䡣
ҲĽǰ£ЦӯӯĵĽ̽쫷֮еĵλͰɣ
쫷磬Ϊ쫷ĪɽĸŮһ¶Ľ̾ʹûߵ⼸Ů
ֻǴ˴αƺȻἰĽȴҲǲüͷһ壬ôԺ⣿ĪΪҼаɷҲͼ𣿡


1599 Ľ̵ľ죬Īɽţ
ĽЩɫ΢΢һЦĸԼһ裬ЦĽ̽㲻ض룬Сòκλɽ˼óȻ£綼ҲΪ˽ã
ΪҺã
Ļ̌ƣȴһĨ졣
Լãĳƺƽʱȫһˣһ˫۾·ʱبžԶӡǣܹģĽ̴˿Ǿãڳǰ·ȫûκڣ
κ뷨ӲƵעӣ
ָоĽ̺ܲˬȴ޷ܵѹκξٶֻܹԹԵǶ
Ľ̽ǲͬ˰
һƷ²豭ϸָô棬ļνĽ̽£Сòò쫷һ䣡
Ը꣡ȻвʣĽȴû˿̬֮
ʱѾаɷүүĪɽ飬Ҳ쫷֮ˣ
粻ǿõģ
ɫһݣȻ쫷ĪүӶ磬ǼҲȷжϣҲЮͼȻɲܹܵģ쫷磬ǰûѪгױҲϣΪĪүӵ
˵ʲô
˳ƵĻĽ̶ʱ䣬Ҳ⻰ʲô˼Уϣүүһ㣡
أ໥ģ
ƵȻһЦĽ̵һ裬Ե˵˼Īүһ֪㲻ҵĻס˵ģ
ǵͿ𣿡ĽҲƽŭȴԽɭȻ
Ȼǣ
ЦЦĽ̽ǵĺýأôôߣֻĽ̽仰ѣʧ֮£
Ɑɲ򵥰
Ľ̽豭ĺһںûٷԸĻȸˣ

ƽסḶ̌΢һٺֵĪүӴһ仰ƣ
ƣ
ĽˣɫЩ졣
˸֣㲻ضʣĪүȻף
ЦЦĶ˲豭Ľ̼״Ҳûжʣ漴뿪ˡ
뿪ıӰ𽥸ֳһĨ⡭
úԺ뿪ȫȻʧ»صѰʱ״ֱ̬Ʊһˣ

̶ô˵ģ
ƵķУǴڴĪɽĪүޱ𾪵
ǵģүү
Ӧƺǳˣƺ쫷綼˽⣡ʲô˰
үүҲ
Īɽһ٣ǰľȲᣡȻ֪ͷƣ⡭
ͷƵʲôүүʲô𣿡ʵ
Ҳ֪ģԴҵõ쫷󽫵в֪һ
Īɽһ£ջԵ̶Ҳٵ֪һЩϹʱڴģһΪ㣬ӵж֮ܣǴķǺͺնȥ
֪
ĽףΪ㣬ҳΪĵһ壬˥
ΪˣߵһŮķǶҲƽȶԴԺһȺϢΨ˻ÿһʱ֣쫷ܹ֮Ҳ˵İϣ
˵Īɽһ٣ֵڡơָӦǷƹˣ
ƹ
ĽһҼǵүү׷ƹͷƹй𣿡
׷ƹǸЦѣôƹᲢۣ
ĪɽЦһ£ˣ̶ڷƹүүɲҶ˵㻹ǱˣǸơɣȥ˵һһ֮Űݷã
үүҪаɷڡ
ĽһʱЩɫ䡣
û˵꣬ĪɽǴϵаɷŵ̶˵ˣȻǣǳƼȻҴһȷ뾯쫷磬ȴֺȥ
ðɣ֪ˣүүԹɣ
ţ죡
Ǻãһȥ˵һ
ܿ죬˽˴ţĽȴΪĪɽĽԽɻ뾪졣
Ƶݣγһ޴ţڽźɾþδܻع

Īүүôˣ
ڶʱ֣ԽĪɽӭɽׯڣԴ飬ѣԼŮӭӣʯҲλԣʾĪɽء
ô
ĪɽЦǺǵĵδǴϼһ̫˰ҹҲֻ߶ѣ
˵䣬ĪɽĿⲻ¶ۼڳɨȴǺܿ쳯Ůһк
ʯˣĪɽҲûһư̬֮ǺƵһͷʾ⣬ȥһޱȺƵߣ˿ûһ쫷󽫸еְȻ̬
ˣһ·˲ƿǰҸۻˣҸطϢϢĪɽЦ
ǺǡãĪүүĻȥҵԺӰɣҲʰʲôص
ʲôģţ
ߣ
ܿ죬ԴĪɽ뿪ˣΪĪɽĸŮĽҲǼæϣ֮⣬ŮȴĪɽһȥ㼸ɶŮϾĪɽҪȥϢҲøϡ
ʯҲæɢȥ˭Ҳûע⵽Ǽٰٻȴ˸ɻ󣬶Īɽ֪Ĳֻ࣬ǴӶǰĵ֪˸ոʱĪɽЩ飬Ҳ֪ĪɽүүԨйһЩ飬һЩϢͲˡ
ϣϼһﲻƻҵļƻ
ٻܿĻصһֱסĿԺԳء
һߣ԰Īɽ鰲һ£źĽһͬ뿪
һƬ뿪֮󣬱ڴϵĪɽȴǷ𣬾ֱԶԲ£ԼһȲ裬ͬʱʳ¯ĸԹԵĳţԵΪ⡣
һ˺ü㣬߶ζ·ﵱļһ˿ڡ
ȻˣƷ˺βֱӦĪƷ浱͵֮𣿡
Ȳһ룬ĪɽͻȻ²豭ſЦ
֨ѽ
£űǱ˿롭
ǴһϮ򵥵İȹֳˮܽذˣȻʱĳȴǳǳЦݣЩ֮⡭
ĪүӼЦˣ
ЦߵĪɽǰ£ǰĲˮЦӯӯԵĪ԰ݷã϶лʰɣ
Ʒ˲Ĳ򵥰
Īɽ豭ԵĺһڣȻƷ˿˿ҲˣƷˣǴӺδ֪롮ơ
ĪȽһ£߸к⣿ûлشתЦʵ
ĪɽһȴǿųƲЦƷЩ໳ɰĪ쫷󽫵ٵĲɣ


1600 Īɽ𾪣ƻǰ
ĪɽĻЦֻԹԵĸԼһ裬ţ̬ʮţȴɢһ˲ֱӵϣΪ쫷󽫵Īɽ鶼Ȳˡ
⡭
Īɽ˫Уе𾪡
ʱĳͷ·߸ϵŮǰҪĤݵĳ嶯
ӵĸоĪɽԴӽ쫷֮ĵһΣ
һĪɽŴһ飬ǿлع
˳һۣ³һƷ˹Ȼ򵥣ԽԽŷǷˣĪƷϹĳλת
Ҫ룬ҲҪȥ룡ҾңҾǳƣ촽΢Ե
Ʒ˵ǣ
ڳζУĪɽڨڨһЦȴǶ˶ٺƷ˵ȷǶ໹ˣҲգˣඨȻһ䣬Ʒ˵棬Ҳֻ׳һˣ
ûнӻֻ̧̧֣ʾ
Īɽ˿ҲκεС֮⣬æõĴмأָӦˣƷˣҲҼһ棡
Ѿ֪
ףĪɽһۣżڷƶ֣ûǴĻָӦǷƹɣ˵ƹ֮һΪصĹ֮˽Ůӣ
󽫴еȷܲƹҲ֪
Ʒ²豭ͷ˵һ㣬ƹлһӣ˵ǰҲδɣ
ӣ
ԣĪɽһѵ˻а
ЩѾҪˣҲû˷ƹ
Ʋ֪ʲôɫȻһЩֻڰС֣Ϊ쫷󽫣УôӦ쫷ڵ壡Ϊ쫷֮û֮ǰ쫷ڲһӦ
ɱˣ쫷Ϊʲôڣв̤һ쫷ؽ֣ʱкĿ
쫷ûˣؽΪˣ
Խ˵棬ƵԽɭȻĪɽͷ亹鲻ԽӶЩ΢
ңҡ
Īɽ죬ǲ֪νӻ
˼ҵ΢һЩ
³һ´ЦݣȴǵأȴĪϣòҪñˣ磡Ȼؽ
ҡ
Īɽ죬Ҫʲô
Ȼû˵ƱǰִϵҲ˵ʲôûôˣ㲻ݣ쫷ҽ֮ʦͽϵ쫷ӰϧΨһĴĽ̷ߣĪΪһҶ֪𣿡
ֱһЩԵĳ
Īɽ亹ֱ޷͡
ţҲͲ׷ЩˣҲȷ֮ʣĽ̵ıҲ㲻
ƻЩһɶȴӦ
ǣǣףĪɽӦŵ
⣬Һ̸֪֮磬Ů򡭡
˵ţȴǷɭĺâƿֱƵģĪɽ鲻ɵٴһ
Ʒ˷ģףĪɽ鼱æӦ
ܺã
ף漴в豭ȥ
Ȼոߵſ֮ʣȴȻפһ٣ֵУιػļƻӰ죡㼴̴ȥڸϵ̻ɽΧʱ׼֣
⡭ǣ
Īɽ黹ʣųǲɵȴҲҶ˵ʲôֻܹӦŵ
Ʒˡ
ųƾҪ̤ţ֮ĪɽȴԾں棬ʵˡðǺҲ
ƣ
ƽŲһ٣촽΢³֣Ǻܿ뿪ˡ
ơ
Īɽȴһε𾪣
ĪƷǷƹˣ
˵ĻҶֱӵϣ
Īǡ
֪뵽ʲôĪɽϵ֮ɫܡ
ƶȥĪүүˣ
ƻصԺʱСһһˣ죬ȴǺ̧ʵ
ţ
һĿУȴǲƭĵͷ
Ǻǣ֪ˣ
ЦЦҲûٶ˵ʲôһֱһСһվڻûʲô£ȥҲ˿
磬ͲΪʲôҪȥĪүү𣿡Сһ뿪Ӱʵ
Ҫô
ͷЦЦǺܿԶˡ
硭
վԭأϸӲѡ
ȴǺܿĸֳһĨɵЦ⡣
ǰҪ
ֻҪԷͲҪ
磬һܿͻ»ģʱ򡭡
뿪ķһСԶԶЦԵʱ
û֪ʱеļ
ǿӡֻصӡǣ
ǵģ
ԣ

תۣһȥ
ĪɽĵаɷڲδĲˣϾλĪүӵʵݣҲûж֪
ٻͬûв鵽κνȴʼЩǡ
ƻҪǰˣ
ٻĿԺУͨ򿪵Ĵʵգȴ·ѣʱʣȴӳżĺڰ
һٻ뿪˷䣬һĽ̵ڣǾֱȥǱߡ
СкιɣǾԱߵСУĽٻʵ
Ҳûʲô
ٻһЦĽ̵С֣ЦӯӯĵĽ֮ǰĽҶĽأʱĽڣǵؽڶʱڳΪĽأ
⡭
ĽȴЩɣܿ΢ȴԵҵҲ봴һ¥һģɵƾȴǲܰȷƾ輸˴аɷţҲкܶɺϣƾˣôܳɹ
ֻҪͿԣ
ٻ΢΢һЦ˵Ľ㣬ɱˣŵģԦ֮£ֻҪǰڽħ֮δɳɹ
˵š
Ľʲôүӻͬô𣿡
ʦأ
ٻͦͦأЦʦһͽأҴҲΪŵĴУ˼ô᲻ͬأ
֮ЩʲôĽǺĶʵ
ٻ۾һæ˵ʵܼ򵥣뿪ȻȥǱҸط޹ڵɽΪһȻҿԼԦ޹еħްǣʱһҪĻΪʦأ
⵹ǲĳڷչʽ
Ľףͬٻ˵
ٻæĻ㣬ĴӦˣ
ţ
Ľ̵ͷ漴ȴԥŵС㣬»֪үүҲߣ²ͬģңҲͬ뿪ģ


1601 ٻѪܣ
ڶҹĻ٣Ӱźɫڻ¶ۼĴ˻ɽһͨǾֱ뿪˱̻ɽ˲ǧײſͣ¡
»»ǳǳĹУӰȻĽ̡
Ȼٻ硣
С㣬ôȻˣ
Ľ̻ܣܲü֪óȻ򿪻ɽ󣬾첻ע⣬һаɷŴȥʲôΣգҿɾ˰
Ľαţ
ٻӯӯһЦأ˵ôĽ㶼ҪӵʦˣԺͽӱɣС㣬СĽˣÿɾ̫أ
ðɣӣ
Ľ̵ͷԾüﵽҪʲô
Ľ㣬ǲ˵˵ôҪȥǱһ𴴽һ¥һֻŮ˵ٻ˵
ʲôҪȥˣ
Ľ̾ȲѣڲЩ΢
Ȼǲû׼
ٻĽ̲Ȳġ
ٻʱһ㣬΢Ц˵Ľ㲻صĵŶѾֽ˵˵ģȻĻҪǲߣ첻ô죿ѵĽԸһֱ⵽ǳ˵аɷ˵ˣаɷֿһ㶼ء
Ǵնడ
ٻ⻰Ľ̲Цһ¡
Ľ㣬ŰɣٻͷǸԳֿɰ鶯
û˼ĻȷҲֿɰȻĽֿ̿ɰȴǶħһ㣬Ȼϲûʲô̫ıʾ

̾һĽ̿ЦȻѾˣҲû취ˣʲôأӰҪôҪ֪ɲô򵥵ģԦ֮ǱϾŮˣ
Ľ
ٻɵЦЦ漴ȴΪȻԴĽ㣬˭˵Ů˾ͲЩ˵ģѾŶ½Ծɽ¥ʱۣĽ¥֮Ŷ
㰡
ĽһЦõӣٻͷᵯ˵ٻֱЦѡ
էҲȷʮֵǢĬֻڵôģҲֻԼˡ
С㣡
ʱȻĵӰ˸ÿһŲ׵ʵ͵ľȻԪڡ
ĸŮŮӣԪڣԪڡ
ˣض񣡡
ٻ̧̧֣漴ָĽ˵Ľ㣬ԺҲǵӣ
ǣ
ĸŮæ̬ȼֱ˼㡣
ĽЩ΢ӣǡ
ҸĽһϲŶ
ٻĽ̵֣ЦĸʦרŰİأԺҲĽŶǰæǵ¥ܿͿԽأÿһѧ˲ֵԦ֮
̫ˣ
ĽҲǾϲѣȻŮͬʱĵȴԽ
˺ˣĽ㣬ǿ߰ɣҪĸϵǱȥأٻߴ˵
Ҫôȥܲ÷ɵİɣ
Ḻ̌ٻżǰߣȴǺʵ
Ȼǿ
ٻЦǰ治ԶʦŵڵأǿԴ˲ȥأĻ쿴µֽҪ׷Ҳǲܵˣ
˵֮ʱٻǵ֮ɫ
ðɣǿߣ
ĽͷҲ֮ӿ˲ٻĸŮûעǣĽ˵ʱĶ˶

ˣŶ
ʮӣٻǴĽͣ
ٲȻһСɽĴڣҲвٵֲֲ֮ȴҲ̫Զ
ܵ˵Сɽʮͨ¾Ǵ߹ҲԲκ̫ע⡣
ӣүӰŵ˵ĶĽ̻Χʵ
⸽һУ˵һ࣬Ϳʲô˵ĺۼ
ȻҲǾԵģϾĽ̵ʵ˹صĻҲһֵܹˡ
Ľ㣬ļͻǳ
ٻߵһԣ˫ֿʼٵӡĸŮվĽ̵ĸλ¶ۼĽĽ̰Χ
ٻӡһѪɫâƶںҹڻҲУЩѪɫâ֮󣬱СɽΪģȻʮѪɫӰ
ÿһӰɢżΪǿĽһеκһǶ֣
Ľ㣬ô
ٻ߻صĽǰЦʵ
ǿ󣡡
Ľʵĵͷ漴ȴüͷ壬ʵӣǵЩʲô˰ΪʲôܾЩԾأ
ΪǱͲŶ
ٻһЦ˿Цȴô졣
ˣĽҲǱסˡ
ӣ㡭
Ľ΢΢ɫ䣬ôҲЩԾ
ԲŶĽ㣬ʵƭأ
ٻһЦһһֱװŵ崿ޱģһ˲ġ
һ˫ۣƹһĽ̲ΪҪ̯ƵĽ
Ȼ룬龯裬ĽԾװʮֲӣʵӣƭңƭʲô
ʵɣеһжƭأ
ٻЦţƽĵĻУȴչֳһĨԵĳ
Ľ㣬Ը˳ҵĻҿԷһ·ŶҰҼܲأһýܵ˼伫ֵŶ
ٻ˵۾ǺܻĽǰ͹µߣ̰
ˣٻһŮͨԵ
㵽ʲô˼
ĽüͷĵӣôĻԽԽˣ
Ľô˶ƹаɷŵãô᲻أ
ٻһŮСֱӸŮǰϣŮ鲻Խ÷ǳϸ¶ޱȳԵɫ
һĻĽ̿ĲЩ࣬Ȼٻ˵͡˼伫֡˼ɵһڣӣô㣬㾹Ȼ
ҾȻʲô
ٻеЦĽ㣬ѵ벻ҸѾ˵ˣеһжƭģʵͲǸ׳յŮˣҵֽٻԽٻ
ٻأ
ĽʱףʱɫһĽ˼ȻһȴǺֵʮѪɫӰ˸Ľܹȥķλȫռݡ
ѽȻڵĵطŶ
ٻҲٻһЦε
ŶˣĽ㣬úúÿһҵŶ
ٻָָΧѪɫӰЦ㲻֪ǵʲôҿʵأǵȷѾˣΪȫǡѪܣ


1602 Ľ̵׻Σ
Ѫܣ
ĸ֣Ľɫ䡣
ȻѾĸүүĪɽ飬Լ˻֪һЩѪܵ飬λһʮѪɫӰɢŨɱβ

Ľ̵仯ٻЦĽӣӦ֪ѪܵİɣȻˣСþͲöŶĽ㣬ѡ˳ңѡΪЩ˼һأģ㲻ģΪǵȲˣҲ常æƳɺһĴڣ
ݶ
ĽЩëȻ̵ܺĻЩɱӺ֣ʱ޷ܡ
ʵֻԪ۷壬֪ʲôʱܹﵽʥأ
ûЩѪܵĻĽ̻ٻԼĸŮƴһ¡
ȻҲĽڸ˽ٻʵǰ²Żô룬ϾٻûǰֳκǿʵΨֵٻʵʥأֻٻһˣҲԲڵĽܹԸ˵ģ
Ϊ˴ݾߣٻĽ֣Ҳô鷳
ллĽ佱
Ḻ̌˫ٻȴ˿Ϊ⣬ʾеŮ˿ŻߵĽǰ
ҪĽȥȴĽһ㿪
ٻЦһͣȴɽĵԵĽα۶أСãұ֤ǰδйļ֣⡭ҪʲôҶԸ㣡ʥʵˡ
㵽ʲôˣ
Ľüʲô˶֪ô㣬һĵ𣿡
Ľ˵Ҳǣ
ٻͷһЦҲŶȻˣҾ˵˵ɣʵɣҲʲôҵ常һֱ׷飬ȴ޷ֵѪʹ
ʲôѪʹ
Ľ𾪵ĵɴ˫ٻȴ΢̵ĵôĽǲǺܾأѽʵҲûʲôĽԸĻҿԱ֤㽫ĵλǺƽƽҪʲôСöȫ㣡
ô˵Ѫµˣ㱾ĽٻĽʵ
Ű
ٻͷĽֵһ⣡һѪʹʲôˣڶΪʲôܹװװôǶǵòȻȫһȴΪΣ
ɲأĽ㣬ƻ
ٻĵĳĽƮһ۶ĽĹ˳ңһʵ棬˳֮ǰҿɲ˵أ
ôҹ˳ȴһⶼûУ⣬ڿɴ𣬵ȴȻڣ
Ľ߲ѡ
ѽҵĽ㣬˼˵أ
ٻⶼأ˵ڻûˣôˣҲûһ֪Щģʲôû´ĻǾѾǸչ˵˫˫ҲǺ֪أ
˭
Ľһ㶼֪Щ֮ǰҲûἰ
ĽĲ֪ˣаɣ֪㿩
ٻ磬˶ٺĽ㣬ɣȻҲܻش⣬ҿԺ˵һ㣡常ͨˣҺҲϤأĳӦù˰ɣ
⻹һ˵˵û˵ô
ĽƲƲ죬ָָΧЩѪܣֵĳ˵ҪۼǸν常žҪҪ˳ô죿
Ľ㣡
Ľ̵ĻٻһҶѾܿˣϣĽ㻹ǲҪʶôΪãȻĻݹСˣ
ʲôĽɫһ䡣
ѾĽ˵ˣ㲻˳ĻʲôĽӦúȻĽȷСϲһ˶ҲûʲôãĽ㣬˵𣿡ٻߵ
ҾҲԲóѵģ
Ľ̽һ䣬ȴص
Ľİɣ
ٻҲɫ䣬˫Ѫɫâһ֮ǰ˵ô࣬ҲΪҵĻɣĽ㰡Ľ㣬ҵĻΪܹܣȥЩ˱ߣ׳ҵʲôأ
㡭
Ľٴɫ䡣
ˣĽ㣬Ҳϻˣ
ٻ֣ĵһλᣡ齵֮ǰеŵô۶ͱСҶԲˣ
ҹ˳ǣΣ
Ľһڣ˿ûκ֮⡣
ܺãĽȷǲײĲˣ
ٻһߣ΢һЩĵ˶ͽǴ˲Ū֮⣬㣡
仰һΧʮѪɫӰȴǷ׷׶ƽӵһ˷мĽ̲ƽһޱ飬¸ûһеֻԽɱ˸Ѫâ˫Ͷ̰֮
Ľɫ䣬ڱɱУԼѪҺ͵㡣
˵ʮѪˣ㵥һĴĽҲһǶ֣
˵ڵĽ˵ȴѾ˼ΣյΣ
죡˵Ҫ֤ҵľ԰ȫôôڶѵҪˣŻ֣
ɫУĽĵȴǱԹѡ
ڵıԹѾûʲôˡ
¡
ģԽƽѪܣĽ͵ؿڵٻһи⣡
ŶĽǴһʱ䣿ٻһЩѪܵͣȻĽ̵ȴԵϷʡ
ʣ㾿ʲôˣߣ㵽ǲˣĽ̴
ǰһ⻹ɵڶһȴٻɫȻ˲䣬Ḷ̌˵ʲô
ʱٻѾû˽ģһüΪŤԳַ
˵㵽ǲˣĽظһ顣
㡭
ٻɱ֣ȻһѧѪգۼѾĽ̵ǰֳצֱץסĽ̵ĲӣӲĴӵĽҲ޷һ㡣
㣬㡭
Ľѣٻȴһһٵĵһ飿
߸֣ÿһֶ̺ɱ
ʱĽȫһƵģκһ㽿Ŀԡ
ҡ
סӣĽ̾˵Ҳ˵
ͬʱڸźȻ
ԭΪԼٻһϸ£ղŹôҲΪ˼ŭǷܹѰĻᣡ
û뵽ǣٻ֮ǿѾϣһ㻹֮ûУ
˼˵㲻ˣ
Ľ̺ٵʱǵˡ
ͬһ㾶ֱĽߣκ׿ԡ
죬㣡
죬ٻȻһУǽĽ̸˿Լٵĺ˵ʮ׿⡭
죬ô
ٻ𾪣ȴûᣬײϿԵḶ̌Цôû°ɣ


1603 ԴˣĪɽ鵽
ߵĽΪĺ󱳡
ĽȴƲƲ죬û̧׺ߵʧˣһûɴٳв
ٺ٣ⲻüô
ڨڨһЦĽǰһӶڲ
ߣһģһĽ̳Χȥֲ֮ʣЩü
Ǻǣһ㹻ˣ
ЦЦ˿ûнΧЩѪܷϣʵʥ򣬾㲻ʹʵľ޴࣬Ҳȥκв
ʱٻȴɫޱѿҲղŶԴĽ֮ʱֽš
ˣͽҰɣ
쵭˵һŤͷٻȥһаȻߵĿڵӦýٻɣǵǸٻС㣬԰ɣ

һٻƽһЩͷӦͱ¶˰ɣû´ĻĽ֮ԴӦһҲǵõ׿ϣ
ԣ
ʼ磬ԵȻ㳤õȷһģһӵһжָƣûһ覴ãվǵԸкܴ࣬ΣʼҲ¶ģ
Ŷô
ٻüһ㵹˵˵ҵ¶ʲôܲΪҸƯɣ
˵䣬ٻ춪һ۶ƽȻ֮⡣
Һ֣
ûлشתԵҺڣĸײӣֵ֮ʲôϵ
˵ڲò𣿡ٻ
ţ
ͷٻֵãҺʲôϵأãã
ɡ
첻÷ʼ磬΢һٺһһֵֺĲ²⣬òһ˰ɣ
ٻһˣ
⻰ûٻ˵ʲôĽȴЩĵ죬Դˮˣôܻӣ
ûУôܻǸ׳ŮˣٻҲ֮Ц
УȴһĨ𾪡

ҡҡͷֻ˵ӱһ˵ģû˵
⻰ѾԵìˣŪĽ̸ɻ֣ǲǶЩ״Ρ
˵ʲô
ٻ죬Ȼ챾СļƣҪʲôС㶼һŷ㣡ĻҲ˵͸ƾֶΰɣ
ȷ
аЦһΧЩѪܣЦ룬Ӧô常ҲѪʹ˽һЩڵʵΪƾܹ㣿
Ȼǣ
ٻҡҡͷһٺȴǺȻ¶һĨΪõЦݣָԶһЩĵطƾǣ
ɲǼ䣬ٻָĵطȻѪɫӰ
֮ǰֵЩѪܶԣ³ѪɫӰȴͨһ˸оһ֮⣬ͨûʲô
ѪɫӰϴŵѪɫɫҪһЩѪɫ˫ȴҲƺ˼ֹŹֵʶ
Ҫǣڼ˵ĵһۣ㿴ǵʵȻһأ
ֶΰһصѪܣ
ۣɱ𽥵ӿٻԵû뵽ֵ¾Ȼ˸֣һСǣ
죬㲻СǣԼ̫Դˣ
ٻǳ˵ղһȱֱӶ֣ûкҶ˵ô࣡ձС㻹ڽӣǣҵҪΪһŵа죬жǿ
ԴԴ󣿺Ǻǡ
Цˣȴ΢΢Щ
ԼһҲ̫ģɱˣḺ̌ʵʥ򶼲ǡ
Ԫ۷ʵѾǼΪˣȴ𲻵ʲô̫á
ٻĸŮ֮⣬κһ˵Ķ֣
죬СҲϻˣȻԼǾ͸ɣ
ٻѪâһ͵سǰһ֡
һصѪܶʱλѪ⣬˲һĳڵλֱϮȥ
ϡ
ɲǼ䣬ֳǧý˽սغϣֲӿǿĳγһۿɼĿռӡ
Ľ̼æηˣԵ𾪣Ͱﲻһæ
Ѫܵľ쾹һʱ֮޷г
˿̣ٻĿȴٴĽϣһĨϧĽ㣬ʵ̫Сʧˣ㾹Ȼҵһģ
ߣѪ֮죬˵ö֮ĽסΣߵ
˵ö֮Ľ̰Ḷ̌ʵΪ𣡲ȻΪôǷǷǣ
ٻϳѣһλᣡԸ齵һһݹСҳˣ
㡭ȥ
Ļ̧ۣ̌ȴǶȻȫкȻһǳٻڵλüٴȥ
νḺ̌
ֻҪץסٻôеֶɢ
Ȼ뷨ãĽ̵ʵվǲһЩ
ֵɲǣûٻʲôĸŮ붯֣ܿ콫ٻΪĬγһΧȦٻΧм䣬ι˸ʼնû취ĸŮİΧȥ
ϡ
ѪܵĹûκΣգȻ޷ȥḶ̌ȴһʱҲܳκΣ
һߣĽĸŮΧУȴԵЩ׽⡣
ӵʱ䣬ϱ˺üѪڣϵѪڸɼǣĽ۵ͷ亹ۿſٹ˼ӱܱܡ
ٻվڲԶ˫ֻǰаȵЦݡ
ʱûǰ֮ʱֲ̣ƺ޲챻ʬΣĽȻȷƯҲȷٻŮͨԵ˶Ķʲôã
ԣٻûһŹĽ̵˼
ȻҲҪûʲôܵģֻҪܹסĽٻԼЩѪܵڻҲɳɹ
һļƻҲǳˡ
תۣӹȥĽϵѪڸ˼ʱκһ㻹֮ڵԪѾĵ߰˰ˡ
ۿĽ̼ܣٻҲֳһĨ֮ɫ
ȻٻΪʤȯյʱ򣬺ȻΧĽ̵ĸŮͬʱһҺԵɶѪ׹أ΢ºѾǳʧȥ
һĻٻĿɿڴ
̶û°ɣ
ĽߺȻһߣĽָ̻쫷󽫣ĪɽĪүӡ
Īɽ飡
ٻ۾һУȻһ˿ԥҪת뿪ȻȴǺȻӰܶϰٵӰγһİΧȦ˶ȫΧ


1604 ٻ֮䣡
үү
Īɽ飬Ľǳ׷
һֱĽУֻҪĪɽڵĵطǱǾԵİȫ
̶ģүүڣû˸۸㣡
Īɽӿ˵ٶȣټĽܵĲˣȻȥȷЩˣĪɽǿʵ£ǺܿĻָ߰˰ˡ
үүôȻˣ
Ľ̺ܲʵ
ΪѾͷ
ĪɽĽ̵ļЦ
ȻĽֻĸŮһֱ޶ŮĪɽ飬ȴǽ䵱Ů㿴۰֡
ȻڳƵ飬Īɽɲ˵
Īүү˾ͺˣ
ʱһҲһʵѪܣЦĪүүḶ̌ҽ˷ǹļһģ
ã
ĪɽҲЦŵͷḺ̌ٻ˿̵ȴѿࡣ
û뵽龹Ȼ˵ı仯
Īɽ쫷󽫵ݣȻĪɽʵٻȴҲһЩ˽⣬ɲĪɽһˣΧϰ֮࡭
Ȼϰ˵ʵҲǿɿӣ֪ȻǾһϵеļѵսҲԲС
˵Īɽĵȴһĺ¡
֮ǰΪ˱۵Ḷ̌첻òѪֹٻǽѪܶĽ֡
˿̣ĪɽԱǿԷһеĵģרĵĶԸˡ
ৡ
ǧýԪ֮չֳ˽֮ղŸѸ͵ĹƣĿ˸һһ˿Ѫϲϳ֣ɱϾǶѪܣЩ˿ڲûиκӰ죬ΪѪȵĴ̼ԽԵ÷
ʱıУϻӳһħްϢ
첻΢΢üȴɱ
ƽն
Ȼһȣʮ׳Ľâ˲ϢڽϵľŶƸǲϷռ֮ĽǿĹһ̾ɡ
ұ
оâ˸ץסʱȻٴһȡ
䡭
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ǿ
ĽΪֵһΣҲԴΪ֮󣬵һμ֣ɵ˫ͨ΢촽˿
ǰȷǿ
ĪɽҲǲףҲ֪ʲô˫Գ˼ָӵĸ̾
үүڵʲôʵĽŤͷĪɽ飬ʵ
أ
Īɽ죬³ĸ
ʲô
Ľ̳׾סˣ˶ԵЩͣȫǲš
Ŷ󰡣ôܾˣҡ
Ľ̼ѵĿڣôҲš
Щ˱ţŶ˵ӦһһѵһĪɽпѡ
ô
Ľзһƹʣ¿ĿȴҲ˼˵ζ
ʱǾŶƵĿֲըУһʵѪȴǻڣһѪɼ·Ѫ˶Ƶġ
Ѱߣ¾Լ֮ܵ¾㲻Ҳõ˴ʲôս֮
Ȼ˵Ŀֲȴ˿ûκθоڱը֮ѪâһڵλùϮȥ

찵һѵŪǣ
ȻϣʱҾ켫Ϊ𾪵İѡ
ģ
ת˲䣬ܽ˲һٻغϣִ̱ǵѪ켫ΪѪȴ쳣˷ܣƺѪȵĴ̼£ǵʵ١
үүǲΣˣ
ŰӰĲ˸ƳһĪɽЩüӣĽ̲޵ĵʵ
һɲͨˣӦûа취ģ
ĪɽҡҡͷЦҰʣڽ֮ǲûģ
˵Īɽ΢һ٣ȻһЩ˵ʵȻһأǱϾѪܣӵԣҲֻαˣ
Ľ̶ĪɽȻЩ⡣
ǰмսѵȴǶȻ۾һ
ղŵĿٽ֣ǽеĹֶζʩչ˳ɳ΢һЩѪܵٶȺ͹֮⣬ûһԤ뵱еЧ
ĪɽĻȴǸһѡ
ͬʱȴЩɣϾ˵ĵ֮һٻضѪ֮ɣʩչû취ǻὫԼĵƱ¶Ѫ֮˵У
ˣȥˣǸٻʵʥأɶĻܲ
˴̧׶༱ԼϮѪܣȻкڰɫâһȵ֣
ɲǼ䣬ֻȻʧ·һռƵģ֮ģһʵѪܣ
үү⡭
Ľֱסˡ
Ǻǣ򣡡
ĪɽЦʥ۷ͻֳֻ֮Լ򣬲򣡲ȻҲֻαѣα֮һУκεĻܣȻ֮ͷţ
ʲôأĽ̺ܺʵ
үүҲ֪
ĪɽЦһ£ҡͷҵȥǿнӴû취֪ģ
ĺǿأĽھͺһ֪ǿСŮзʡ
ŹȥӣκȻڼ֣ͬʱǲԶٻȴǶȻһѪ˳ĺˣ˫г𾪣ⲻܣôǣ
ΪٻʵֻʥأҪһصѪܣôͱҪͨһЩֶν֮ϵ
򵥵˵ٻԼξѪǿ¡
һǱϣٻܵǿķɣҲ͵Ȼһֱûж֣ɵ£ܵ˺ǽ֮֮ǰĽ̸ء
ʱٻɫ԰ֽѪ˵ľȻ˼㣬ȫ𾪣
Ϊʲôܣ
δӰлƮ䣬ԵαѪܶѣĪΪܹҵл
㣬㡭
ٻòУ˲һѪ˳ϢΪ΢
ٻǰɣʵһһ쵭ĵ
ܣⲻܣ
ٻ״ƵĽҡͷɾʱһѪɫâȻ˰ƬգʣʮʥʵѪһ˵ϣ죬ĪɽĽԼǰĪɽ¾ɫ˲䡭


1605 Ѫʹĳν
Ѫ޾ѹڳɫ䲻ѡ
Ľ̸ѹֱֱĪɽļʱְֿȴҲЩԳܣϾĽԪ۷ʵʵ̫һЩ
ǰҲһ¶֮ɫһЩ˸ǱѹȵĿѪ
Ƕɢˣ
Īɽ״æԪעЩУǻͲ֮Ҳٴɢˡ
תۼ䣬˴ԼߵҲֻʣ죬ĪɽĽˡ
ѪɫâӿƻһѪɫƲƵģѪܵĹһ޴ѪɫƲʻƮɶ£𽥵ֳһ˵Ӱ
죬ò֮ǰ˵ѪϵķѪӰɣĽʵ
Ѫϣ
ҡҡͷĽ΢һ
ȻѪӰƮ֮ٻȴǷٻμ常
ٻ˾٣ȴǸ˼һ𰸡
ȷѪϣѪʹѪӰֵƣǽ֮ѪϸǿһЩ첻üͷ壬ﰵ
ٻɣ
Ѫʹ˵ͬʱһѪ⼱ٻڣٻϵ˲ת˲٣԰ֽɫҲ´˽ĺΡ
ֶΣ֮ľ죬ĸҪһЩ
л常
ٻϲѣ漴ȴǵͷǸٻ常Σ常ͷ
ˣ¹ֲ㣡
Ѫʹ˵һ䣬ŤͷǱȥѪɫ˫оԱ䣬죬ĪΪɱ㣿
Ѫʹɣ
ЦһԵֱڣȻأѵֲͷ¶β󱲣

쳰ĻѪʹȴǺȻЦ˼찡죬ĪΪĹ⼤ŭͻԼ¶Ҳδѱ̫˰ɣ
㣬Īɽ飡ݱȻȷ֪㾹ʵڰеҲ򵥰ɣ˵죬ѪʹֳĪɽ˵
һͷ¶β󱲣ҲϷ򣿡Īɽֱ˵
ھɱǣ
Ѫʹ죬͵ߵĳ׻龧Լ˵ǼŮտǰȫ뿪
常⡭
ѪʹĻٻʱһ
Ȼû˵꣬Ѫʹǰֹֽ죬ǧҪ󣡡
ôĿ
ȴߵһһѪӰѣӵķѪӰҲһڱԹҲδܹң
ôǲײĲˣѪʹ˲١
ҷϻҪ־Ϳ㣡һŻȥҺŪ⣡һ֣ǧýٴγС
ŻȥŪ⣿
˻һȴڳ˲ЩЦãе֮⣬Ѫʹޱŭ
죬
ǷѪӰѪ⼱ӿѪʹһУѪֻգۼûʮѪڣЩ˷ǹļһǷ׷̧ͷһ˫˫Ѫɫ۾ͬħްķѪâ
ɱǣ
Ѫʹһ£ЩѪܱǳ˺ԥĳ˹ȥһ﷢ͬħްŭ𣬷·˴ħޱ޳УԵüΪֲ
ȴ˿ûһ֮⣬ЩһʵǿҲʥ߰ضѣ˵ĪɽˣֻһˣҲκεΣա
Īүүһ𣿡
ŤͷĪɽһۣĪɽȴЦǺǵİֵˣϸ첲ȵľͲȥ׳ˣ
˵䣬Īɽ鲻¶ۼŬŬ죬ױʾף
û취Ľ̵ʵȷһЩĪɽһҲܣҪȥչĽ̵İȫأ
˵ĵڣʮѪȻƽһɱȻƺ쵱ɱ㶼ͣƵġ

תȥԭƽȴ¶һĨȻɱ
ˢ
һֳڣαԭʧȴգۼֽѾЩѪ֮Уͬٷһ㣬һֱǽһֱ˳ȥ
ǧýƵģЩһϻһɼǵѪۡ
սȻչ
ȻϾҲֻһˣĹΧȷܹ㣬ȴҲⲻС©֮㡯ԾֱӳĪɽĽǱ߳ȥ
Īɽ벻ֶˣֻڱĽ̵ľ԰ȫĳҲֻǿнǼѪ˻ص߶ѡ
˵ĪүүҲδ̫Ȥ˰ɣ˼Ǵģ㻹ң
û˵
ٺ١С߶ͰѲɣ㻹Ұ㣿Īɽź룬Ц
㡭ðɣ
ֱЦã˫΢΢𣬼ӴԼĹơ
Ľٱ䡪ն
ٱ䡪˫ն
ƽƾն
ƽն
ȣĵֲĹƱ˲ȫչֶƬռľҲ·ʱ˶һ
ǰʥʵʱЩƶѾĶǵأʩչٶȲ˺ܶ࣬ǰͬն
ʮѪܵĹ춯ȫʩչһ֮⡣
ء
䡭
ĵֲĹУܿ촫ΪģʮѪܱ֧飬Ѫֲ֫ϱһأ˲ޱȴ̱ǵѪϢ
ʣµģʮѪܣȴҲһϴˣüǶȻǶȥ첲μֱҵ˼㡣
˲䷢һĻȴڳ˶Щ΢
ѪʹĪɽʵ˽⣬ܹⷬҲ̫棬ٻĽȴǲȻ
Ḷ̌ȻΪаɷֵĴҲ࣬ټԴ֮ʱԸҲƽҲûʲô̫Ļ˵
ԣĽУȻȷǿ󣬿ȴҲûǿַϡ
ʶǰǲҵһУĽԵüΪ𾪣ʵҲһ˽⣬ϧǣ˽Ĳ࣡˵˽ʵģҲûһҲֻ֪΢һЩѣ

ʣµʮѪܻ׼칥ѪʹڻɫѿĿˡ
ѪƼΪףĿɶʥ򼶱ټ֮ǰɱα̶ʱڣƵѪܱʧ˽֮һѪʹνʹѡ
ѪʹĳʣµѪһ׷߻صٻվ
˿Ҳ»صĪɽĽǰ
СӣʵȻǿھңҲ˵һʤˣ
ĪɽЦļ򣬶ŤͷǰѪʹķѪӰȥЦ˵ͷ¶β󱲣ʲôֶζʩչɣСһŽˣ


1606 潻棡
ĪɽĻ޾ĳȻ⻰죬ȴǲûһͷڵϡ
ʲôСһŽˡ
ԭ˼ר̸ϹΪ˿ϷģһѵľʴϷ
ٺ١
ע⵽ǰԹı飬ĪɽڨڨһЦ
үү˵ʲôأ
ĽȴĪɽ䣬аɷŵأҪǳʲô飬аɷŸô죿
ӴŮǰүүŵʱ򣬲ڱԹСһζûôʼ˵ˣ
ĪɽЦѣŪĽ̶ʱһ죬˭˭˵ˣҲʵǶѣ
ȴҲЩ죬һĽ̾ȻҲ죬һСŮ˰ֱ̬첻òϵȷǴ۽ˣ
ʲô
ע⵽ЩĽ˲ɫŲҰڳ
ðɣˣ
ЦãŮ˻û䰡ҲֻĪɽǰŻԵôɣŻԵúŮûʲô𡭡
棬Ѫʹͷǡ
ǽǵɿ˰ɣ
죬ȻǸְȻű棬ҺŮ˵飬ò˵һֲñġ
ˣѪʹһ͡
ʲô
۾һ׷ʵôڲǲͷ¶βˣ˵
㲻̽˵ĻûܹǿȣѪʹ뷨ߵ
Ǻǣô
Щ϶ȻֳһĨԵ˵Ӷǿκˣ
죬ڹ⼤ŭ𣿡
Ѫʹߵģһȫģ
ҪΪɱ˱ƳЩļһбºͱţ
ѪʹǷѪӰϵѪӿңƺӳŭƵġ
һ䣬ܵĿռѹҲٴǿ˲٣ֻѪʹ죬Ȼñ֣Ǳ㣡
£ѪӿգۼγһѪɫ֣˷ϮȥܿռĲϲǿĿռѹ첻ɫ˲䡭
ৡ
һѪɫֺһϳƽ
˿Ҳ˿Ĵ⣬Ȼǧýʮâ˷ֱֱȥ
ϡ
âѪɫֽӴ˲䣬ǷͬɢĲΪˣڵϺһСһĿӶ֣Χ̳ס˲ٵߡ
̶Ǻˣ
ĪɽһʱǽĽ˺һЩ
ȻԼԲӰ죬ĽȴǲȻĪɽԻţĽǷѪӰս֮ʱѹܲˡ
ǣٻҲʮѪܺ˲٣˵ļսڳ˸Ŀռ䡣
ৡ
ء
˸ݣһѪɫֵķΧ϶вշתŲûһΣգȥԵüΪ࣬Ϊɡ
еĿҲֻԼ
ɵĶÿһζǲ΢һ㣬ضᱻѪɫֱָӻУ߲ơ
лãֻǻĶƵʡ
һסôѪɫֱضŹʱзı£ҲһܹȻѡ
˿ָǿȵļսֻҪ΢һʧ󣬱ԷȥѵʱĻվĻΣˡ
ģ
찵ѣȻʵҲ˲٣ɴʱѪʹķѪӰΣУǽ֮ǰܶʱ򶼸Ҫܶ࡭
ˣܵԣȻȥҿ¶Ҫ
뷨ȶۣǧýȻɳɢâΪľǷЩƽѪɫַ׷ˡ
ͬʱҲɫһ࣬ԥӡȳ
𼼡裡
ҫŭ
ȣǰȻ˳ʮ׵ʵʰ
ʲôֶΣ
Ľ̿Ŀ࣬ǵһμʹֹƣ𾪡
ȥ
һһһҵĺХ
ߵĻһаĿֲ¶ȣ·ռ䶼ҪƵģЩѪɫ֣һһļأǷѪӰϵѪɫâǲѣұߵȴչֳ˽֮𼼶ΪֲĹƣ缫ƣЩѪɫһӴ̲ѣð̣ۿɼٶȲɢûһȥĿԡ
һĻôҿľ첻ѡ
ǧýƱУȴǽ󲿷ֵľϣǲϷ裬ΪķԲΧ֮ڣԭѪɫĿռ𽥱øɾ
һУѪʹ˵ȴһּĴ
죬һҪ
ѪʹһæѪɫȫ𣬵˵ĻȴɱΪȻ
ôҲ뿴˭
ۣԥٴμӴԪ
ɲǼ䣬ǻ·˷ܼƵģޱУŽ֮ղŸ͵ǰǷѪӰֱϮȥ
úã
Ѫʹ˿ңѪɫâӿУȴЦѣóһֶΣ㻹Ϊ۸
£ҲûǷѪӰʲôʱһѪ⼱ӿֶգۼǷѪӰΪģȻγһƬֲѪ
ѪѪɫ˳Ϸ·ҪһƵġ
ʱŻȻƽȻѪһѪɫ˳Ȼӿ𣬺һͷѪڵħޣֱӽûȥ
ۡ
ûɲǣȻɫףһѪ˳¼ٷɻصڵ飬Ҳǹâ˲٣·ʧȥֻܻص쵤ڼ
ңӶ飬ҲױƻȻĻʲôֱ
û֮ѪˣѪʹĿ£޾ѪɫӿǱӶȥ
ʱ˿̣ܺȫѪնû谵˲٣ϢһĿֲѹɫ䣡
ôôǿ
찵ѣȴʲôĳˣȻȲѪӵٶȣۿѪԽԽ·𿴵ѪʹޱЦݣɵŭʢ
ռ似λӰ
ɲǼ䣬˼ϰɫâʢռ֮ĺȻӿУζȻԭʧ˸ȻܿѪгɹ
ʱ򣬿Ȼһˣ׿ĵط˶ǳסˣĪɽҲˡ
֮⣬û֪ô£ûռ似棬δʱܹǰȫˣСλӰļܰҲõԼᱻѪ֡


1607 ʹ
ʱ򣬿ǹһڳ˶˲΢ĪɽҲˣʵ֪ôѪ֮УȻ׿ġ
ȻΪľҪѪʹˡ
֮ǰѾѪ죬Ϊֿܹȴòˣȴû뵽Ȼı仯ǳ״ļƻʱҪٴιתȴѾˡ
ôղŵô£
ѪʹѣǷѪӰϸѪתѪҲƺΪѶеޱȷŭǲӿѪɫθΪͣ·ŭ
ȥ
סΣȴץסѪʹ΢˲䣬Ȼȳ죡
ˣˮ֮˵
ȣʮ׳̺ХצգۼѾǰѪ
Ȼ֮⣬ΪһеļܣȻԺʱ첢δʹúҲС˵˿Ѿ˼еԪչֳƣ֮֮ǰ˲١
𡭡
ʵʰӿǿĳƬղϲ
Ѫ֮кͬ˺ϵķƣޱȵѪɾۿɼٶȲϼš
ʲô֮ǿ
ѪʹΪҲΪ˽⣬ȴһʱ֮ԾԵüΪ
ƣ
һȣѪȫеļɿǷѪӰ֮ڣȻ˿ȴǼ׷ûоʹ˷Ź˼
ƣ
ջѪϵѪ֮ղ΢һЩ
ѪʹķѪӰϣȴǶȻٲһѪɫзɿֻ֣գۼѾʮ֮࣬ԥӭȥ
䡭
ء
ɲǼ䣬ֲĺһ㴫
Ѫɫ໥ĺвɢĲܼӣ֮ԿһϸСĿռѷ첻ϳֱ֣ҪƬضȫݻһ
ϣѷɢ̳𣬽еһмȫڣ˶ֻǴĴװ졭
ء
ɲǼ䣬ǷѪӰսɢЩƮɵ̳ǿ˸չ˼УɳͬΪʵĪɽ֮⣬Ľ̺ٻǸǵκξٶͺŹӰκͣЪķš
ǿĳٴɢĽЩԳܵӣĪɽԥٴκһЩͬʱԪγһֽ䱣һЩһҲԽһЩֹڰ͵Ϯ
ϾѪµһ¹Ī⣬ְ͵ϮҪĶ˵ҲǼҳ㷹Щԣ
үүӮ𣿡͸Ԫǰ˸ΣĽЩĵʵ
֪
ĪɽҡҡͷѪʹѪ֮У֮ѪϸصҺûдҲ˽⣡룬ʵӮҲʲô̫Σգ
ˣĪɽ΢һٺֵʵڲеĻһֵģʱҾ޷̶ˣԣһҪԹԵĴڣ
үүģ̶׵ģĽͷ
ĪɽĬĬףҲûٶ˵ʲôļǰһ˫ƻǵȴľâ˸
ԭ򣬲ΪʵΪгƵĴڣ
Īɽ鿴ǷƹĴˣ϶ҲŲ׵ĵơ
ء
䡭
սѪʹķѪӰٶԽԽ죬ŹӰƻ⣬·ŻǣһаƣǰϵضײţʱʱĶƺ֮ĴĽһ˫еĵ֮ɫһЩ
ڣսʮӣ·ֿ
ϵ˲٣ü¶ļһѪ۸Ϊչ֣˿̵ĺȴҲǴ˲٣ӷŶ̶ʮʱսȷĴ󡭡
ķѪӰȻϿʲô̫ƣƵѪȴ˼㣬ѪӰҲģ˺ܶ࡭
ˣ
תľԼٻָǰķѪӰȴЦΪжǿһķѪӰѣԲѵҪɱң𣿡
죬㲻Ҫ̫ˣѪʹŭ
ţŵʱ㻹û
ǧýһ佣ңָǷѪӰߵıȻҽѪӰЩһܲˣ
ƾ㣿
Ѫʹмĵ죬ǲƽֶѣ΢ռһϷ磬Ҫ˱ѪӰ»һɣ
ҪԿ
۾һУ룬ӦҲ֪Ѿɣ룬Ұֳܹܵõ𣿡
ˣ΢˶٣żı岻Ҳû£˾Ƕѣ
㡭Ҫ̫
ΪŭǷѪӰϵѪӿƺ˺ܶࡣ
̫Σ
죬һƫƫ̫㿴
֣
ţӡתۼһ֮ӣۿžҪѪӰٻѪֵ֮˲䣬ѪӰȻޱصѪɫâ˲һ໥ԿͬʱٻʣµʮѪȴȻ˵׿⡭
ģı嵽ˣ
ǷѪӰӣĪɽ鶸Ȼһͬʱ˲ӴĽΧԪ֡
Ҫ𣿡
쳯ĪɽͷʾԼףǰǷѪӰŵ˫˸â
ӵʱ䣬ģķѪӰȫʧȡ֮һѪɫֻۣ¶һ˫۾ߣҲʱһֱҪΪصѪʹ
Ըˣ
Ѫʹͨһ˫۾ȴԽԼ֮ǰĲ²ûʱȴδ˵
ǵģˣ
ĻѪʹһּΪ˻ƵԵ죬֪ζʲô𣿡
Ŷҵʼ磬Ц
ζ˽ձ
ѪʹһĨâԼˣ˶ɣҲ⣡
˵ô
ЦŰڰ֣ղҲô˵ˣɻû취ԱΣ
ô
ѪʹһĨ찡죬治֪˵أԴ󣿱֪֪ʲôŽʵ
ٻ˺󣡡
Ťͷٻ˵һѪʹкȻһѪɫƴŹ񺿵Ƶģ칥ȥ


1608 ս
ѪɫĻ裬ʱһƬѪƣ֮ϰ׵ľ뼸գۼ
ˢ
ɫһ䣬оɱԥĻӽһ
ϡ
ţǿƽһĹƣȴˮĹ
뽣ĶײҪĻĶײٴܿռݡ
ײ֮ĲȴǻӣڸղѪӰļս˵˿̵ЩƣȴǸ˲١
ৡ
˵ŵ뽣Ķײڿм˸ͣʱգʱ棬·⸽˵ĲӰȴ˸㲻䱾ڡ
ڼս֮УСɽȴ
̳ɢУСɽ½ףǱܴڵ֮ǰЩѪܵʬ壬ȴѾ촷ۣѪϢҲٴֱš
ּսٻĽ˵ȴͲѣʵḶ̌ĪɽԪֱ˵վսˣѾֱ
үүѪʹˣ
Ľ̵Ĳѡ
ƽһֱΪĮ·ǷǮƵģڶȴҲΪмġ
ֺαգȥ߳ļƻ
ѪʹǿĽȴ޾ĵġ
𼱣ڲǿθˣϷûǳûĽ˵꣬ĪɽЦӯӯԵ
ţ
ĽüǵȴΪܵѹΡϾԪֵıʵǲ̫࡭
̶˵ˣԹԵĿȥɣ
ĪɽһԪĽڣȶЩҵĵ
ޣ
Ľ̹ԹԵͷûٶԣһ˫¶ĵǣȴ˿ʲô١
ĴŹȥʮʱ䣬Ѫʹ˿ֵֽ߳սǣȴ˿κƣһ˫иǷŨŨĺսʡ
Դӽʵ֮ǰԪռУͻغ컹ǵһʵĶ֣
Ȼû취ѪʹľʵӸոЩ̽ԵļսУȴǶٶҲһЩ˽⣬ʵӦңһЩ
ˣ֪ԷأѾʧȥս֮ġ
أһһ˵ɲô򵥵ģ
ÿһصĲ࣬ǵ蹵
غ֮Ĳ࣬Ǿ͸ö˵ˡ
˿ȴûκξº˼ս֮߰ʱȴ϶Ȼȫƣǰ֮Уսٷһ㣬ǶѪʹ໥ƾնûκ·硣
أ
Īɽ鶸Ȼ۾һû뵽ȻѾصʵ
أ
ԱߣĽҲ𾪵ĵɴ
ڲԪ۷尡Ȼ˵ѾһֻŽʥֻҪɳɹͻƣ쾹ȻѾأĽֱ̼š
ǰĪɽ컹ǲϵظֿޣһֱڼΪ֮ŮĽʮֲޣ⽫һҪ׷Ĳڶ˵ȴҲһĪĴ
˼ҶˣԼûĽʥ֮ľ޴ܹ࣬׷𣿿֮һĻᶼûаɣ
𼼡ս죡
˿̣ȴǺȻˡ
ȣƲʷͬʱһʮ׳ĽХǰѪʹֱϮȥ
úã
Ѫʹ˻ƵʱվԭȻһѪɲǼǼһ޴ѪɫâֶɣǲϱƽĽֱȥ
裬âһ̣·ƬʶȫΪһһ£
ϣ
âնڽϣ̶ĺ
󣬽һ٣ĦУѪʹϮȥ
ſľ޴죬·ҪѪʹֱ£վ׿ļˣһֱֲӵĲ·ǽԵԼһ
Ȼ⡭
һѪɫâûãѪʹȴûκλҡ
ѪâһѪȻɳɲǼֻѪʢѪһģĻˣգۼĹγ˰˵ѪɫâһĳǽϮȥ
ˮˮƣ
֪һǰ˵Ѫɫâ֣ʶһɲǼ䣬ԥĽˮʩչһ޴ˮ֣ͬ˲һɿ˽ԡ
һ˲䣬˵âڰкݺײһ
䡭
ֲĺȻѪɫâϵڰնײֲ·׹䣬ƬغݺݲСһӽ֡
սУƻһ㣬˵ĽˣĪɽʱжεľ죡
ڶٻǿĿ࣬ΪĳЩԵʣҲΪ˽⣬ȴû쾹ȻܹԼ常־棡ֱ
ûȥһС»ˮصڣڸղԣʱȴҪ΢һЩûô
ˣڸܵһ𵴣ɫҲ˼԰ס
ѪʹȴǺܿ콫»һѪɫУɫ˵ƺûܵκӰ죬¶˫УȴͬһĨ޷εľȡ
ʵΪ֮첻֪ǿ˶٣ֹȻֻ˽ɵʵȴҲû뵽Խ˵Ľ¡
ôȥ
Ѫʹۣһ˲ΪǣվŵЩϼһҲǣҪץʱǣȻس׻龧
˴ѪʹɢɱΪǿʢࡣ
ʱҲǵһʱоѪʹı仯ʱɫһݣʮֵľ
ѪʹɲͬǰκˣѪʹı嵱棬һԲ񣬿±ؽٲ֮أ
ȻɱңҾ㣡
ͷһתȴԪת˫ϿӡǿĿռ֮ӿ
ת֮ת죡
Уռ֮ƿŵȴͬʵһ㳯ǰѪʹֶȥ·ܵĿռƵģǿķϢϯ𡭡
ʲô
Ѫʹ˫ͫһųʵǶо˼ǿĿռ·ҪΧĿռ䳹һ
ƣ
˲öʲôѪʹȻѪʢܿռĲֱֲֿĹк俪һͨڿռȻʧٴγֵʱȴѾ˸ߵĸ߿ա
ӸµѪʹɫѪɫ˫ɭ˼㡣
죬ֶ𣿡
޸˻֣ѪʹΧѪƣŵѪɫ죬ʱоһǰδеѹϮĪľһ޷֮ΪеĹо


1609 Īɽ룬ֶΣ
ָоܲˬʱѪʹԽŨѪ⣬ĵ׵ޱƫƫָо໥ʹ첻üͷ塭
үүôˣ
ЩԾĽ̵ü΢ʵ
ʲô
Īɽ˵ҲΪأȻ⻰ȴӭĽһİۣ¾ϹҲ֪ʲô£Ҫ˵
үүҪȻȥɣĽ˵
ô
Īɽ⻰ȴǺȻ¶һĨϷʵЦݣҵĹŮڵСӣ
үү˵ʲôأ
Ľһ죬ѡ
ǵĶԣҲûʲôϾаɷ֮Ľ£ҲӦõģɴӴ˿Īɽ˵ٿϵϷЦݣͺ֮ʲôƵġ
˺ˣүү˵ˣ
ĽСŮ̬Īɽ鵱һЦ漴ԵҵĹŮͷİɣүүֵģڣ
Ҫȵʲôʱ򰡣ܲܿΣհɣĽ̾˾죬ǵĵĵ
ģ
Īɽ˵һ£ǲٶԵŤͷǰȥ
ǲ붯֣ڵȴȴʵʱ
ϾѪʹѰˣ
죬ⶼƱģ
߿֮ϣӸ¸ѪʹڵаɷűҪݹֱˣ
£ѪʹѪɫȻ趯ȻѪɫ籩֣ܿռӿУȻȥ
Ѫɫ籩ռѷ첻ϳ֣ɭĺХ·ܵ¶ȶ˲½¡
ƾҲң
ǿнֲʵĸоѹסȻ̧˫ۣžļ㡣
ҾͲţôǿ
һҧоǼٱƽѪɫ籩춸Ȼڿգ˫Ͽٵӡȳ
ƽն
ٱ䡪˫ն
ƼϮ·ܲٵĹߣֱƽѪɫ籩ֱϮȥ
ѪʹˣȴǼΪмƲƲ죬ѪɫâٴδʢѪɫ籩Ҳǹ˷ܼһ㣬ٶȺƶһ˲࡭

찵һȴһ־֮󣬵ȵת֮תգ
תգ
һܿռѿһռѷͬ޴֩һӣĺХУǽЩȽѪɫ籩˺Ѳ٣֮ǰĹƣѪʹһУΪм˽ȴʱо˼İ
ŴŴš
Ѫɫ籩Ǿ޴âĺХУΧԲ֮ڶûӽɢûѪʹԤϵеá
ܿռ˺֮Ѫʹɫ΢䣬æܣȴǳɹܿ
˵ʱ˫ƶûʲô̫õãֻķ˵ȴҪѪʹϾ˫ʵĲ
۶Ԫƿ봢棬ȷǲѪʹһ㣬ԼҲʮ
ľ飬ȴռ˲ٵıˣ
յľ棬ȴҲΪǣϾľҲܵģѪʹĹƲͣĻľҲһܹһֱôָȥ
Ȼ컹ڵĵʱѪʹȴٴ˶
ɲǼ䣬һƬѪֿ֮ǰǷѪӰʩչļһӷΧƷ˵ȴǸǿ˲١
̶
·ۿѪֵɲǣĪɽȴǺĿˡ
ţĽЩ΢㶡
סҪ뿪Ԫ֣
Īɽһ䣬漴Ľ΢ڷϲɫУζȻԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾߣЦҲɣ
ǺǣĪүүԸ֣ôܷأ
ЦЦĪүүҲصģ
İɣˣһ𣿡űƽѪĪɽЦ
ãһ𣡡
ͷ漴ǺĪɽһͬ֡
˺ԥӿǿӿգۼγһ籩ǰѪһ˲Ӵһ໥ϵضײƣȴҲδѪȽһ
һˣ
Ѫʹ״ȴɱ˻ƵԽˣǾñһ·
£ǲԶѪʹȻӡǰһѪɫȻٲѪâͬʵʰ㲻ɢֻգۼĹЩѪâֳһͷͷѪɫħޡ
ȻȥԾЩ͸ȴչֳޱȿ񱩵ƣ
𡭡
Ѫɫħ޳֣Īɽʱ˫ͫһ
ڿΪɣʵȴĲСһЩѪɫħ޳ǱҪȥӦԣĻѪĵͻʱ²롣
۾һУЩѪɫħȻѪâֶɣʵ塣չֳƣȴǽ֮ħ˿й֮
òϣѪʹֶεȷʮֹ졣
ǧýȥ
ʮͷǰӭϮѪɫħȺоâһǧý˲ϢޱȵԣûĿ¾ЩѪɫħȺչ˹ơ
һȴҲǵȷֹЩĹ
ȴϾѪɫħʮͷ֮࣬ûƵǧýȻܹȴ˲١
赲ĻҲ赲˶á
Ҳȥɣ
Īɽ״ǺһЦһӣɲǼһ˸ǳɫâĳХ
Ǵŷ֮·ܿռ䶼ЩܲסƵģڽӴЩѪɫħ޺󣬾Ǳ˽֮ǧýǿĹһӴ˲ֱǿնɱеͷνǿޱȣ
ţ
״ȴЩ졣
ǺǣСֶζѣ
ĪɽǫЦЦЦȴʮ⣬һȫֵѪıƽһ߻ҵĴб
Ŷ
Ȼͷ
Īɽ⻰˼˵Ϊ쫷󽫵Ĵб
ܹϹʱڴ񣬲֪˶ٴ쫷󽫵ľܹҲȻ֮ˡ
϶ԣǧýȻϹʱģ֮˵ȴҪһЩ
ȻҲ챾ʵԼǳйأ
ǲΣǧýĪɽܵѹҲС٣ڵǲûа취ȥѪвʱҲǰȫģ
ȻЩֶΣ
ѪʹۣǧýĪɽġףǷ
Ȼ䣬Ѫʹʲô͵˫ͫһ˿ѪЩѪɫħȺĿ𾪲ѵĳĪɽȥ
ৡ
һ˲䣬ĪɽҲѪʹעӣһۣ˵ͷ¶βļһôʲôѲ㾹Ȼϲз磿˼Īүүڣ
Īɽ飡
Ѫʹ˫ɱĻڣĪɽ鰡Īɽ飬û뵽㾹Ȼһ쫷󽫣صĹ


1610 ǿɱ⣬Ḻ̌ܣ
ѪʹĻĪɽʱ˫΢ݡ
û뵽ȴǳݱ¶ԭ򣬸û뵽ѪʹȻʶһôƶ
˵ʲôĪүүĪɽߵ
쫷󽫵ĴбĪɽ飬Ȼܹʹãô쫷ɣ
ѪʹԵû뵽쫷󽫾ȻҳԼݣ
㡭
еĳĪɽ鲻ɫһ䡣
Ϸǡ
ĪɽҪ˵ʲôȴǵϵĪүүúѻ
Ϸô໰ʲô
̺ԪĪɽ鶸ȻһȻĵʲôݣ£
û뵽񾹻쫷Īɽ飬
Ѫʹ˫΢УȻɱʮͷѪɫħ޷ϮƷʲô˷ܼƵģǧýȵֱֱ˺˺üףĹâҲ΢һЩ
ͬʱѪ˳ͲѣһѪɫ˷֮УĪɽȥ˼ѹоܿռǿѹƣ·Ƕ޷ӳȫʵ
һɲǣѪʹɱǿ
ĪɽҲٶԣȫţͬʱǧýͷϵѪɫħȺзƣͬ˽֮֮ǰ͵Ľơ
ȻԶһҲǸоѹԽԽǿľİæָʵԾɴڻָٶȣɫֱ˼㡣
Īүүȥа
ҧĪɽ鴫һֱôĻǿ¾Σˣ
֮أĪɽ鷴ʵ
ҡҲ֪
εĿЦһ¡
ѪʹǿʵѾЩԤϡ
˵ҪߵĻӦûʲô⣬ټһĽ̡
ɺò׽Ѫʹ㲻ܳûݶܽ˽ҴĻô뿪ǹһһѪʹ밵Уô˽֮£ضӦԡ
ᣬѪʹ滹һѪϵĴˡ

εĴĪɽҲһľᡣ
˿̣ѪʹȻĪɽɱȻ˵ļֵУһʱҲûʲô취һʱ֮䣬γһֹĽ״̬¶ԶԷޱɱʵҪʱڳ׽ԷǼҲǲôܵ顭
׿⣬ǱԪֱŵḶ̌ȴǿֽǷӿȵѪǿֲ˵ѪɫħȺֱֱĪɽĵǸ޷١
ֻĽҧź촽СֶȭͷָǶﶼ޸оƵģ˴˿ȻʧȥƽԵý֡
֪ʵʵ̫һЩ¶޲óԪȥæˣ
һߣٻſǽսΣȴǲɫĳĽǱ˼ۣ˸żζĹЦݣ촽΢ɫס
һٶûע⵽ĪɽҲרѪʹսκβ
Īɽ飬Ըʹ뿪Էһ
ʱѪʹȻյĿֻ죡쫷󽫣ûʲôϵαΪ˷ԼĴ
ţ
ѪʹȻ˵Ѫʹһ㶡
֮ǰɱȻȴȻת䣬ⲻò֣üȫ㲻ѪʹΪ

ĪɽȴǺĴЦһȻĪүү̰֮Ϸ㣬Ϸʹ뿪ǾΣ
㲻ҪҪ
Ѫʹ¶˫һĨâĪΪɱٲ뿪֤㣬Ҳ᳹״ݻ٣ʱ򣬱һ쫷쫷ȱ
ԣ
ĪɽҲúϻ
˵֮ǰûгƵ飬Ļԥ
ȻҲֻǻԥѣϾΣ֮ĹϵҲܲټ֮ʦϹԶҲ쫷ҽⷽ˵֮ҲܹԼˣĪɽôԸĸŮĽȥаɷڵ
ȻôʶȤǾ͹ֲñˣ
ѪʹһȴǶȻλһѪ⣬ԽѪѪɫħȺֱĳĪɽڵλֱϮȥ
һɲǣ͵ӿǿĳܿռĪɽǸоһɼΣ٣ɫ˲䡭
Īүүģ
޷İæֻܴѡ
ৡ
ĪɽζȻԭʧ֮յĶ㿪ѪʹһεͻϮ
ŻѪȣټǿĳĪɽɫص˼㡣
ѪʹٴչͻϮѪٶȿ쵽˼£Īɽ֮⣬ٻĽУֻܿһѪɫӰ
ȻΪĿĪɽ飬ʱȴȫ˲һҪѪεĹϮһѪʹļٳ֣ûзֵһʱ֮ҲֻܲϽܣ޷ʲôЧķ
ৡ
˵ͬһ˸ȻڽĳһɲǣѪȻӿһߴʮ׵Ѫɫˣ˸Īɽֱֱȥ
Ѫʹ״ҲٶȶȻִ޾Ѫ⳯Īɽȥ
ã
Īɽɫ˲䣬ѪѪʹĹϮ֮⣬ǿռ֮ķ΢һ˲䣬ǸоΣĽ١
ɲǼ䣬ֽҪͷĪɽ˾
ֻһǳѪĳһƣǿƷĳѪֱɢ룬ԥһת˫ֶȻƽƶеԪǿٱƽѪʹӭȥ
ܿ죬˺ݺݵײһ𣬾޴ĳΪĳɢĿձ֮
ۡ
ĪɽִӦԣȻȫȴԾһѪڸܵ˼شĪɽ飬
ѪʹһŭȣȴǶȻӴ˹ơ
ã
״ȴѾ˲ʲôˣȻ˫һУæȵռ似λӰ
ৡ
գۼ䣬ǴӵѪѪʹһ֮ǰĪɽǰߣӼȴ˽Ϊȫ׿⡭
أ
û뵽ǣѪʹĹȻڰлһȣݺݵسĽΧԪϡ
ɲǼ䣬ûĪɽάֵԪֳ٣ĽҲΪĳڸܵ˼𵴣Ȼ˿˿Ѫ
漴ٻץסʱֱ˲ƣգ۱Ľߣ޵ֿ֮ĽС
һУڵʯ֮䣬ĪɽӦʱĽȻܣ
ʱѪʹҲͣ˶ǵĹѪһٻԱߣеĽ̽˹ȥ̧еĪɽ飬ǳЦ⡣


1611 Ľ̵ıѩƵ
˭Ҳû뵽ı仯
ɢѪԼѾͣ˹ƣɻصѪʹվʮͷѪɫħޣĪɽɫֱѿ˼㡣
㵽Ҫʲô
Īɽżŭ̶޹ģôҲһѪʹȻֶΣץһֻԪʵŮˣͲö𣿡
Ҳۣղ֮Թ⹥ĪүүҲΪܷȥάԪְɣĿľΪץסḶ̌԰ɣղ˵ҪĪүү뿪ҲΪ˵Ĳɣ
˵Ķԣ
ѪʹԥĵͷӦ
òҪ
Īɽˡ
ʲô
ѪʹƲƲ죬Цֻ֪ʤΪΪܡ֮˵ֻҪĽ뱾θɣΪ˴ﵽĿģϧһУ棿ǺǡֻЩαӸԼĽˣ
㡭ſ̶
Īɽ鼱
ʱĽѪʹУĪɽȴЩͶ֮⡣
һֱ޶ŮĪɽ飬³Ϊ쫷󽫣쫷󽫵УУĽŮĵλκ˶Ȳ˵ģ쫷֯Ҳˡ
үүҪң
Ľڸ΢ָȴ
죡
Ѫʹһ֣ܹת֮⣬طСĸ޷ٶһ£Ὺ˵ˡ
һУĿѵĪɽ飬ѪʹЦñҲδɣȻһǾץͬʱҪó׻龧
㡭
⻰Īɽʱɫ䣬Ҳǲ˫΢ݡ
Ŷˣɲ˵ĺõطɣ
ѪʹԵ漴Ľ̽ٻУԼǳԶ˹ȥ
ǲĻͿϣ죬òҪߣȻ֤Ľĺѿ
ѪʹĻԶԶѪܺѪɫħȺĪɽɫѿ˼㡣
ٻҲǴĽ̼æϣһǳ

ĪɽŤͷ죬ϣ
ĪүүǸȥɣ
һ̾漴ĪɽǿϣʱǱⱱĽ
һİСɽܲһ̴ڣûκ¾˴ɽԱ߾ҲȻһۡ
ĽٻУӡ˵޷ֻһ˫·˵۾Եֽȴָް취
ˣںΡ
˵ʵĽ֮Ի󲿷ֵԭҪϣ
Ҫ콻׻龧ĸԸĹȥôҲܰɣ
ĪɽҲֻĽ֮ѡĻĲ֪ôźá
Īɽ飡
˵ѪʹûзϻֱԵűѾ㵽״ӦӦӦĻǱɾͶԲˣ
־ܣҲİɣ
ĪɽܾᣬȴʱԵѪʹҲ˽⣡ŲţҺͬھ
ţ
ĻѪʹԥӦ֤㲻ô
Ŷô
аЦ㲻Կ
죬Ѫʹۡ
˵ʵ챾Ϊ˽ˣɴ֮ǰĳ֣Ѫʹ˽ȴֺԻ
֮쫷Īɽ飬۷̫ϳ϶ԶԸ
ҪѪʹԼͬھĻѪʹȴҲʮֲʣ֮ܶһ仰ѪʹҲ˶
ע⵽Ѫʹ۾ı仯ȴǺЦˣɣﵹиõĽ飬㲻
˵컰һ٣ƳһѪʹżḶ̌Ǿ͵ʲôûٻ뿪Ҳаɷȥ
Ǻǡ
⻰һѪʹȴǺĴЦ˳˻ƵЦԪӿԵޱȴ̶
״Īɽ鲻ɫ΢䡣
Ȼ˵ܵ˶Ӱ죬ҲףѪʹǾԲͬĽ飡
һЦͣסѪʹ𽥱һЩ죬ǲǰѱɵӣ
Ͱѻˣ
ѪʹĪɽḶ̌ں죬ҪͬʱѪռ͵ߵĳ׻龧ҲҪ
ʱ˿̣Ѫʹɱ֣˵Ļûһء
ȷḶ̌Īүү뿪˵ͬ
㡭
ĪɽһҲǼˣٻеĽȻ˵ܶȴǽȻҲͬ˵
ȻȴδᣬֱֱĶѪʹޱԵôˣ㵣ôһСӶԸˣôʱ䣬ĪǶǻȥˣ
㲻̼⼤ŭ
ѪʹԵñҲδɣҪԷϵ
㲻Ҫ̫
۾һɣҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻȴһŤͷǱ̻ɽаɷڵķȥ
Ȼһٶȴڳ˾Ѫʹٻڣĳķȥ
䣬һ׹⼱ƿն˲Ĺֱû컳С
ǰ׹ȻֻгﹷС컳кȴСͷϵ֣Եޱȹɿɰ
ҲǱΪϹѩʨѩƣ
ѩƣôˣ
챧ѩƣȴ¶һĨϲɫ
ء
ѩƹɵţ첻ɵһʱȴҲЩЦãѪʹѩϵĿ⣬ȴԳɻƺЩʲô
죬㹻˼ʱ䣡ȷ뿴Ľǰˣ
Ѫʹ㣬Īɽ顣ΪĸŮվȻ³үүѵͲ𣿡
ҪԷϵ
챧ѩƣضѪʹޱĵеɣ
е𣿹
ѪʹЦţ˿ץסʱԭ컳еѩȴǶȻһУһ˲ܿռгʮ׹⣬׹ֳʮͷѩһģһĴڡ
⣬ҲǵѪռѩƵķ֮
ʲô
Ѫʹ״ɵ˫һУϧȴû˸κδ𰸡
ţĪɽ龪һĻˡ
ʮѩƷȻֱϮգۼûЩѪܺѪɫħȺУЩһﲻϵذѪⲻЩûбѪɫħޣۿɼٶȲʧ·ʲôƵģûκεֿ֮
ʣµʮѪܣһĲڵϽɺܿȴǱһ߾ʬ壬κվ
ģ⵽ʲô
ѪʹŭǳŤͷ컳еѩƣ·Ҫһ
ףһжǺȻѩģʱ˿ѩƵھǲһ˿δйĿ־壡


1612 ʹң
ʱ䣬ѩƵЩǽеѪɫħ޺Ѫȫ»׹صѩڡ
ʱѩƽ֮ϴѪռе״̬Ҫ΢úܶ࣬ҲӦڽڵõ˼Ҳڸпѡ
ѩȻϹѩʨδ˵ѩʨѪ֮˵УҲǴʱַйѩֵ֮ޱϲͬʱȴһֺ֪
оʪģعѩһ˫鶯۾ڨȻһЦˣαôأֻҪ֪ѩƲẦұ㹻ˣ
⡭
ĪɽҲǾ첻ѣȻȷ֪ѩƵĴڣȴδѩƵĳ֣ҲǱסˡ
죡
Īɽ龪еѩ֮ʱѪʹ·мȻ𣬡Ͳ±Ľ𣿡
ȻǶ˵ģѪʹĿȴضѩϣƺֱѩƵʲôħޣôܻôǿֶΣ
ղӦҵȷĽ̵ĻҲᵽ̶ֳȣ
Ѫʹɱ֮Уȴƽĸѩ˳ëԵѩˣΪһӦ𣿡
ããȻǱԶ֣
ѪʹŭЦҧгݵĵɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
Ѿˣ
춢Ѫʹĵһʼٹ⣬ѪµʱѾˣ𣿡
˵ʲô
ĻѪʹ˫һС
Ǻǣʲôû˵ɣ
ʼ磬Եڲɱң߳׻龧ɣְɣ

ѪʹΪŭŭӯѾ˲ˣѪâһıǳϣǱѪɫŷ˽֮֮ǰ͵ƣҪ˼
ǿ
۾һУʱμٷˣȴǳԶ˹ȥ
Ѫʹ׷ᣬŭŭչֵ쾡¡
ڣ
ˣҪǰĪɽ飬ȴĴȻɫһݣ͵رǳٻǱ˲ƶȥ
常
ٻ⧲˵ʥصʵܵסĪɽ顣
أ
ٻֱӺɳȥеḶ̌ҲɹĪɽߡ
һĻٻû뵽ġ
̶ô
Īɽ鼱æĽ̵ӡ⿪ǲѡ
ǱɣȴվٻĪɽûһ⡣
һߣѪʹΣɵøΪŭ׷ɱٶȸ˲١
ܲˣ
˵ʵ࣬޷Ѫʹ׷ɱаȫ
ʱȴ͵ͣס˽ŲѩƷһԺٴڿգӭĿֲѪâһԥĺȵƽն
ɲǼ䣬ʮ׳ĽâŶƺХǰʮ״Ѫɫݺײһ
ƣ
ֻѪʹһŭȣѪɫֱ˾޴âĳɫΪ䡣

촽ţ̺ԪȻ
ǾŶƺȻըֲĺܿռĽǿĳǳӣĿռХ첻òˣԵЩǿĳ
죬ɱ㣡
ڱըУѪʹǺܿĳ˳ϵѪɫЩ֮⣬ûܵ˺
˷ѪʹĹٶȴ˼£֮ľ뼸գۼ
Ѫɫƻһ;ߣޱȺ˵ĿֲѪâĿռ֮ӿǽܹȥķλȫ첻һ
ˣ
һҧҾͺƴˣ
£·оԼ˷ŭǧýȴҲɢޱȴ۵İɫâԪӿǧý˽֮͵Ĺơ
ϡ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫɫǧýݺײһ𡭡
ۡ
³һѪܵĽˣѪʹȴǵƲˣһŭ֮󣬱ٴγֵ׷˫Գޱɱ⣡
ɱ㲻֣ͣ
ҲоǰδеΣѾ룬ǲǵʹʱ
һʹ޷ԷѪʹжԿô֮ʵ࣬ԼʤĻᲢҪ򱻻٣ô·ָȥߣ
ܲܣһֱΪûαɣ
ңһ٣Ҳύ
˼ⲻѵʱѪʹҲڼٱƽȻһɲǣȻһ޺쳹ѩƻָϹѩʨı壬ת˲ǰſһ׹⼤
ǡѩʨ
Ѫʹɫһ䣬·˹ƵģԭٵڰȻһ١
Ҳһ٣ѩＤİ׹ȻеѪɫӴһ𡭡
ŴŴš
ʱûеּײĦĹ
ѪɫΧѪâƮɢǰ׹ȴѪâƣѪɫѪʹȽ

Ѫʹ˶ʱΪңæӡѪɫڣȴǳ˲ƶȥܹǰ׹ƽ֮ǰɹ롭
ѩչһĻȴ쿴ľסˣ·ĪɽĽүҲĿ࡭
ѩƵĳ˵ǾȵĻôȴ˵ǾԵˣ
Ҫ֪ѪʹʵأѩƾȻ򵥵һòȫܣֱš
ѩѪµĿǣǿѪʹҲڻ˵ĻҰɣ
һУ·һȫֹͣ
ѩɱѩʨı壬ɵ߹ԹԵĶ£ḧ˳ѩ׵ë
ȶεѪʹȴе𾪣ɫѿĵ죬ôܻѩʨôܣ
Ϊʲôܣ
ǺһЦ㲻֪ѩƵĴôħ޵֪ѵֱ治ѩƵı壿Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
㡭
ĻѪʹ˫ͨȻһ⻰ʲô˼
ôףڹװɵ
üëһ¶ЦЦɫѪʹĿǳ
֪˵Щʲô
Ѫʹ죬ѩʨôģôշϹޣ
շ
ҡԴ˱ѩʨЦѩƣҵѣ
ѣ
Ѫʹǲ֪λӦ˫ȴһĨ˸ƺʲô飬ɢŵѪɫâʱ˲١
һĻ쿴ĲЩüԼʲô
漴·оʲôĿȻԶٻȥ۵һȴȻ˫һУԵ־ô


1613 ٻ
֮ԭղĪɽȻ־ȳḶ̌ȴͬʱɣ˵ٻȴѪתҪǣǱĪɽǿնϵۣȻۿɼٶ
˵ֱܹ۸ĹܣҲӦĳЩⵤҩ⹦£ʱٻȴȫûһתĺۼ춼ûеĵҩ
ƫƫڲʮӵʱ䣬ٻ۱ȫãԭֱһģһκһ㲻ԣ
һĻȻҲ֣ϲԶĪɽĽҲɴ˫ۡ
⣬ʵ̫һЩ
ѪʹЩ΢Ϊٻ常Ȼ֪ô£Ҳû룬ٻᵱǵ棬ľٶⲻڹⱩ¶Լ
ٻ㡭
Ѫʹæһٻߡ
常Ҳǹģ
ٻкǻңҸղűĪɽˣǲʱָĻҾ͡
ˣ죡
Ѫʹü⣬ٻʱԹԵıͣǾҡ
ȻǸŮʵٻȴҲףĵλΣѪʹһŭĻһ˲᳹ɢκĿܡ
˿Ҳ۾΢УȻ˵Ĳ룬ٻˣ
Ȼܲôأ
ֻǣֱܹ۸ģܹô
һʱ䣬˼ĺ棬޲ٻץȥúõоо
ѩƴʱվߣɱǱӣһ˫۾ȴһΪĶٻϣֻѩƺоʲôչֳ˼һ˼â
ٻ㵽ǲˣ쵱üʵ
죬˵ʲôŮôܲˣ
ûٻشѪʹֻ̳˵ĵڣĿѩƵʱȴмֵľ⡣
˻
Цһҿʥ޻Ҳûֶ֫ı°ɣ
ʲô
Ŀ⣬Ѫʹ۾һС
ٻĴڣм֮һԼ֮⣬ҲֻѪϲ֪һС
ţʲô
ոտ˵ʲôߵѩȴǵõİзԸȻ޴ı廯һ׹⣬ֱֱĳǰλϮȥ
ֺȻľٶѪʹɫ˲䣬ټͶѩʨľ֮⣬æץٻԱȥȻû룬ѩƵٶ죬֮˲Ҳ˶٣ǸոʱѩƱѾ˵ǰ
𡭡
һ֮ѩȻѪʹֱҧȥ
ҧеĻֱҲʹ˶ϵѪʹԼǷͬٻǰ֫ĹܣǾͲö֪ˡ
ٻߣ
״ѪʹȻڰŤתһ£ֱ۶㿪ѩƵĴ죬΢ɲǣǽٻ͵ʮ׿⣬˼ܼ򵥣뿪
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۾һУȴζȻԭʧٻһУ»صĪɽĽߵʱٻҲȻУûһ㻹֮
ſңſң
ٻǻҡ
죬ſ
ѩ׷ɱѪʹҲǵȳڰлһȣûȥѩƵ׷Ϯֱĳ߼Ϯ
ϵܺҪ
ۣѪʹϮǰһ룬ץٻһѪʹ˸գͬʱĪɽҲǴĽ֮˸ûԭؼͣ
κƹһ˸ѩǼ죬϶Ѫʹ赲޷ӳȫʵȥ׷Ϯ죬һȴҲǸһЩʱȥоٻ
Ȼȴüͷ壬ٻƺûʲôԾκһ֮
ַ֣˼⡣
ȴҲף˵ٻûֻ֮Լûֶѣ
ٻʵֻʥأĹ̽У޷֮ӦܹסʲôܲŶԡ
Īүү
ٰ֮£ֻǽٻ׸Īɽ飬ԼȡĪɽλãĽ̼ܲ˸Ѫʹ׷Ϯ
ȻȻԼ̫ˡ
ٻӸĪɽ֮Ѫʹ㽫ĿתƵĪɽϡ
ѩƵԵʣѪʹҲû취Īɽнٻȥֻܲϵطŭ֮
һȴγһΪĻ棬˾Ļ»֪ᾪȳʲôأ
ԽŭѪʹȻڿһ٣ǿнѩƵһγȴǶȻ廯һѪ⣬գۼĪɽǰǿĪɽɫ䡭
ץٻĻضѪʹĹ޷ȫ
Ƭ̼䣬Īɽǽٻ߸Դһ¶Ƶģٻϵؼֱܵ˶Ĵݲһ
ء
ĪɽһǿѪʹһƣν˿ѪʹȴҲûм׷ٴλһȵķҡֱϣٻ׷ȥ
Ȼһ˲䣬һ׹ѪʹٶһɲǵĹ򳬹Ǳ׵߿еٻȴǱǰ׹סѪʹľٶֱһա
ǰ׹⣬Ȼѩƣ
ٻѩƵıϣ屻һ׹Ҳ޷ѣֻܲϵĴ󺰴УǱ۸˵СϱƵġ
úãСһ
ѩŻصԼǰһЦĽٻ˱ѩƵĴԴ
Ѫʹ˿ٻٴУվʮ׿һķŭȻΪѩƵԵʣǲκ춯
죬Һһ¶ôһѪʹЩߵ˵
Ŷ
⻰첻üëһϷʰЦôʲôҽŮ㣿
ǣ
Ѫʹͷ¶˫һĨΣֻҪ̽ٻңҿǾʹ뿪ұ֤֮²׷͵ǴûǱߣҲ͸¶㣬Σ
ƺԶǣ
ƲһЦѩƵĴԴСһûУ˼Ʋأ
𡭡
ѩҲϵĴ˼
㾿ҪôܽٻңѪʹѹķŭʵ
ʵҲûʲôһʥضѣҲôϣ
ʼ磬Ҳȷһ
˵ѪʹΪͳ
Ŀó
ո˵ЩѪʹȴ̵ⲻܣ
ʲôܵģ
쵹ҲѪʹֱӴϣЦŰڰֵʵҲӡ֤һԼĲ²Դ񣡺ǺǡӣӦǲ¶ˣүӣ


1614 ѪʹǬ
үӣ
ĻѪʹһ¶Ѫɫ˫пٵһĨ𾪡
֮ɫȴһš
ֻѪʹҲ֪˵Щʲô죬㵽׷Ųſٻ
죬˵үӣòӵǸʦɣĽĪɽߣȴǼΪĵⲻܰӵʦѪʹôаɷҡ
ˣĽȴǺһ١
˵ôǸٻܹװװô񣬼ҲͲ޿ˡ
ԣû˵Ḷ̌ȴǲɵҲ漴¶ɻŤͷѪʹ
ѪʹȴûκλӦȻض졣
Ҳǲˣ
ۣԵһѪ粴Ѫռ뿪󣬱Ұڶؼص飬ô֪ģΪǸʱߣͨҲ˽⵽Щ֪ҹаһٵģֱȥؼأ˷ӣǸʱСʦôѪȥΧ棬㺦µ̫ñҲֻ޹
˵ֻԼĲ²⣡
Ѫʹ˵Ұҵ˸ҵģ
Ǻǣⲻܣ
ЦЦҰʱֻм֪ҵŮ˺͸ɶŮ֮⣬ҲֻмλԼĽ̺֪
ȻҲȷൽǲѪ֮ˣϢȴһǴ©ȥģ򣬲ܻĽ̰ɣ
˵ʱƳһḶ̌ӦȴֻĽ̵һߡ

Цãϰ˵Ҳûʲô⡣
΢˶ٺֳѪʹļеڶĹֶΣһʼ򽻵ұЩϤԭǽѪµĹԦ޹ںΪһЩûб壬ȴʵһѪɫħȺ˵Ĳɣ
ʱ⻰Ѫʹɫһһʱ侹ǲ֪η
ظѩ˳ë΢Цż˵֮⣬еǾٻ
Ŷ
Ѫʹüëһô˵
ٻԣԼһ޴˵ʵ̫ˣ
ʲô˶ȥˣѪʹ
ⲻһ
ҡҡͷͬˣôҲܶԶԷ˽ôϸֵܽҲˣãٻԼֻʮǰļ䣡
ʲôʮļ䶼ûУĽĻҲ̲סľȳ
Ǻܿٻһۡ
ͯʱڵļ䣬ֵģһûͯ꣬ûˣǸǶ
ȻҲ֪ٻʲôˣôģٻԲȣ˯кܴ𣡡
˵û´ĻʮԺųֵİɣ
⻰Լ˵ʱЩɻš
ʮ㰡
ѪʹһУȴֵЩ»֤Ҿ˵Ǹ˰ɣ
Ȼһ㣡
ͷǾСһˣ
˵䣬ѩƵĴԴļȻһʱϳ˻ѩʨһ㣬ҸȷԼĲ²⣡۷ӵϹŴĵ伮֮⣬߼֮˾֪ѩƵı壬Ҳܵһʱϵ
ȴȻѩԳĵһʱ䣬㾹Ȼϳֿȷ㲢۷֮ˣֻһѡǾţ
ˣһ٣żŵĴȻö˵ҲΨһһܹϹħޣ˽֮⣬ʵ벻ʲôԣڴ˷ļӡ֤֮£Ȼͺ֮ˣ
žžž
˵ѪʹƣЦ˵Ĺһ㲻Ȼлвٵ覴ãվǵóһۣ
˵䣬ѪʹѪ⻺ɢѪɫȫȻ٣ȡ֮ĺȻһµϤߣʦŵүӣ
찡죬ϷһֱΪ߿ˣȴû뵽ǵ͹ˣϷʵûټȥıҪ
үһЦûĪɽĽ̼ΪĿ⣬Եҽһ°ɣϷǬͬʱҲѪʹ
Ǭ
컹ǵһǬıЩ˵Ҫ
Ҫǣ֮ȻΪѪϵһ¾Ѫ֮йΪʹʵȴ빷ʲô
Ȼ㣡
һû´ĻҲ㰲ŵİɣΪľͨҵһЩ٣

ȻѾ˵ˣǬҲڣ˵ǣ֪ҵݣֻ˽һЩٻ飬ȴûǻѪµˣ
ô˵ӲѪ֮ˣʵ
ԣ
Ǭͷȴǲһ
С㣬˵ʵΪҲʮֲȻһһ졯Ľȴǽ䵱һĿȻҲϣѪͬۡ
Ͽɷ˵˵ٻôأʵ
У
Ǭԥҡͷ죬ϣ˵㻰ѾĿչֳýٻңʹ뿪֮¾ʹգ
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һתǬۣȻĻһභѩʨҲƴˣȫ
вôԣ쵱һ¡
һɲǣĿԣձ˲١
Īɽ˿Ҳǰһ潫Ḻ̌һȴҲʱ׼һͬ֡
Ͼ콫ѪʹǬڽҿ˭ұ֤һ߳ŭҪȫ֤ݲᱻй¶ȥ
Ǭ˵ľʹ뿪Īɽ͸ûжΣ
յУһȻЦˣãҴӦ㣡
㡭
Īɽˣȴɫ΢䡣
Īүүҵģ
ҡҡͷֹĪɽ˵ٻİ׹ȫȻʧܻصǬߣԵϣڿ˰ɣ
ͲҳȷٻûκǬ̧죬ʵ
£룬ûʱˣ
ʼ磬Цˣ˵ˣĪүүḶ̌ߣ
£к˾ʹ뿪ѩҲǻﹷģ챧˻УʱѾ뿪ʧǬٻߵС
常ôˣٻü΢ĵ

Ǭɫ˫Ѫâ˸û뵽ȻѩʨĴڣҵûȥһڵ伮ٻϱĺܴҲҪȥúõһ
ǣ常
ٻҶ˵漴ǺǬһͬ뿪ˣȻǻصɽ޹ȵռ֮ʱǬΣȴ̲סŭ죡ɱ㣬ĲΪˣ


1615 ٻ֮أٴۣ
ȥ̻ɽаɷɽׯĺԺĳԺУ˹⣬飬ѣԼŮȴǴԺĻˣҿʮСһЦ
ԸղĽ֪ѪʹݾȻʦүӣôҶţүӴŮû뵽ǸüĿ˼ңһɱ˲գ۵׶֮ͽ
ô
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ǰô
Ҳһ̾ŵǸΪ˱ϧһСϴʮǬȴȫ޷Ѫʹϵһ
ʵˣȴҲɲôҲš
ˣ硭
ĸ첲ʵ˵֮ǰӣٻǸ˵ڻԪ½ϼǸˣ
ţ
ͷüҪǣٻƺ볣кܴκθĶֱ֫δţңԷ˯һΪ⣡
ô뿪βúооûĵ
ã϶Լ뷨
ûشѱǵԵ˵ˣʱǸѪʹڳһٻǸһҲǲӦģѩƿԿһƴĻ룡
Ѷ˵ĲҲôģ
ףȴǺȻճһаȵĻߣ˵˭˵ٻҾͲ֪ܣ
Ŷ
⻰˫Ŀˢˢϣһֻ첲ߴٵ磬ô£˵˵ˣȻĻСҡ
Сʲô
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ȿȣ
ҲүڳһȴǽſߵѩƱҪѩƵˣңѾ֪ٻܣȻ˵һĻƴ˵Ľٻ
ѩ֪
۾һѩƵһУ컳˹ȥСһʵȻСҲ㷹ԣ
ˣãѩ˵ʲôܹ𣿡ѿЦõĵ

һΣ΢ֵɲǣѩƱ»ص컳ڣ˼
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ЦǺǵĸ˸ѩƵëСһ˵˵ɣô£
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ȻַʽҲֻܹܣڳƺǷҲԣ޷ȷ
ѩƵĽıȴǱޱȹţɴ˫۵ֱӾɣ
ʲô
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ľҶ֣㿴ģԽɻ
żӺѩƵĽŽ·ڵϣˣСһȥɣȻһָñĥˣ
Ļѩһ󣬱Ǿֱһ׹ɵ棬űСһĻϲѩڿȴż˷ܵĽҲ¶һĨЦݡ
磡
Ȼֻ֣ߴٵ˵Ǹٻô£
ǰ磬˵ɣҲǵ
Ȼûгߴ٣һ˫˫еǿҺȴҲ˵һˣ
ȿȡ
Цɢ´һĨ֮ɫȼ󻺻Ե֮ǰ˵ĵȷǸٻȷˣ׼ȷ˵Ӧӵķ
ɣ
⻰Ҿһ
΢üͷ磬Щ԰ǷĻ˵ǸٻеֻʮԺļ䣬һʶʮӣⲻܰɣ
һ˵·ʶҲܵĿƣ޷ѣ
˵Աּˣ
ĻҲǷ׷׵ͷԴ˼Ϊ⡣
ⲻַ֪֮ѪϺѪʹǬ˵ķѪӰǸ˲٣
컺Եѩ˵ӦǬĳаŵĹȻӳ꣬Ҳʮĵ賿ʱֹ֣ӵһΪ
һֳΪٻȻȥ죬࣬ʵȴֻ꣡ҲٻΪʲôܹ֫ԭ򣡡
һǼΪӣⲿֽ֮ǲֶԣȴܶ࣬ȻҲɱˣʵȴܵһӰ죡
˵þ첻ѣȴҲ˸ɻ
磬ǲ԰һΪǸٻôôӣܲԼԼɣʵ
׼ȷ˵񣡡
컺ҡͷһ̰ٻʶ֮һֱռӵ壬º϶ΪһĵһˣǣһȴǬˣ룬Ͳʶˣ

һ
ôǬȻٻ˳Ϊʲô뷨أ⣬ӲѪ֮˰ɣʵ
Ǭ˵ӵȷѪ֮ˣΪʲôӦٻҲӦڽʲôƻٻҲУ˵
һʱ䣬˲ɵ̾һ
Ǭôƣû뵽ˣ߷߲ƽ˵磬ҿʲôʱȥӴɣȻĻҪôȥһ⵽ٻĶ֣
Ҳô룡
ͷ΢΢ճһĨصЦݣʱ䣬ҲӦòˣ
ʲôˣһɻ
ˣ
ûлشȴͻȻվֽǹرյԺŸ򿪡
ৡ
δԶٶȻҼ𣬶ľľƣʸʸԼ̫ϳϣȴҲԼҵʵƹټүүԨܹˡ
⹫үүʸүүϣ
ǰһкæʵôǲ˵һ
Сӣ֪ЪЪ
Ԩû̧ͷóһҲû̻ش𣬶λ׷£ԵСӵȷû´޹ȵռȷ˵кܶŹ֣ȻȴҲ޷ȫֻ޹
ʲôɣ
Щ졣
⹫ľȴź룬ЦҲȫûջǼϼһ֮ǰ˽ռһ飬Ȼռû취ݻ٣ҵĶȫˣ
ٺ١žʹ죡أôûһЦЦʵ
СŮ޴Ҳʲô취ܲܽɣľƵ

ʱЩĬٻӦ֪һЩʲôڵһΪҲ½СǬ


1616 飬𵴣
ɽء
Ƶڣ뼸λֱ
ȻΪλϣȻҵĵλ̫ϳϣȴԾֻʶǫһԾүүԨס
棬⹫ľƣʸʸԼԼ̫ϳֱţԱ߰ڷһЩˮ
գһʱ֮侹ԵЩأ
ѪʹʵѾ¶Ǭ
Ȼǰŵ˽⣬ֻǬˣʵϵжˣ˶ҲֻǬԼ
´һʼǬüʾãֻѡǬܹ˵ʵǲһĹأ
ΪϹŴ۷壬ҶŶΪɵ
ʱŵǿӹɣ֮˵ʵȷһЩȴΪԦ֮ƲٵħޣһֱΪ˻جΣ
ȻѾû䣬ǬѪ£ΪѪʹôضҲᷢչţ˭Ҳ֪Щ굽Щʲô
֮ܶһ仰ҪԸǬѪϣǾͲòȥţһеһжҪСģ﷭
λ˵˵ɣǾǽô죿ȿڣʵ
ΣȻ֪ѪʹݣǾҪ취価ţʸʸ˵
Щֱ˵˵û˵˭֪Ҫôôȥ
ڻʸ˵֮ʱǵõڳû
ʸҲЩĬĬض豭
Ҿãʸϵ˵Ҳ
ЦǺǵԵֻǹؼĵطǣǵҪô˳ţ˵ˣǸŵҲѪʹǬʵأǰ֮⣬һĶְɣ
ҲУ
Ļʱҡͷ˵ڵʵֻضѣǼһĶ֣Сѡ
˵䣬죬΢һٺż룬ĴСҲһְɣ
ԲҲֻضѣǬȷ˲٣ЩεӦ
ֻأѣ
Ļڵм˶ͷߡ
˵ˣ͵ǣ˵˺ü֣Ҳʥ˵ı߶û

оλԼϵĿ⣬ڨڨһЦҲǺͷŵĻʸһˮ
һĻŪü˿Цá
Ȳˣ
ûĵ˵˵뷨ǼУҲֻĺǬǼһ
ʵҲûʲôõ뷨
һȴǷ²豭ԵǾֱӴȥ޹ռ涼Ǽλһ飬ǬҲޱŭ˵һҪ죡
οأʵ
ҵҲûòҪǬ½޹ȣң˴ʵݱҴһŭ룬Ǳߡ
˵䣬˵ĿⲻԼͬĿ
ԼңԼ㳹ΪѪµĵ̣ȻԼԹ»ָ˲٣ʵȴѾΪ۷һ
׿صǿ߲ᣬԼҵʵֻǱһЩм΢õˡ
Сѣ˵ôɣɫصĵ
ҲףǬĴ㶯֣Լʮ֮˾Ż׵壬Ͼ˭ԼҺŶͬأ

һûȥ룬ҪģһҪǽǬݽ¶ȥĸ֪СķⷢյЩҰ

˷׷׵ͷȴڴʱȻĬ
˵ʵѩȥԸǬ֮⣬Ĳ֪ô죬̫ܲϳȥɣ
Ȼ浽˷ǲѵĹͷΪ۷ĴУҲֻôˡ
ɱˣǬֻѪʹ滹һΪǿѪϣ
Ҫȥ޹ȵռһ⣿
ԨʱԵǲȥ治ãǬҲ뵽ǻٻȥӦÿ𵽳䲻Ч
ͬ⣡
ʸͷӦҿϵ壬ȥɽȺ򣡡
Ҳǣ
ľףüһǵʱͻȵĸһЩ᲻ʧ
϶ᣡҪôĻԲܵ飡
֮˵ң뽫Ǭһɱôƾǻǲģ
˼ǡ
۾һȴǵ˵ͷ˵Ǽλľôھȥ쾲̺һȥ
ã
ʱԵˣټҺСѣһ֣ǬأҲԲֵ˺ȥ
УλҪһλ£Ե
ɡ
ľƺ˵ĸʥ֮˶ȥȻÿһλ̫ϳϳֱǣ
ãҲƽ
ܿ죬ľƵĻӮ˴ҵͬ
ȻһˣϾҲֻźǬȻĪɽĽҲҵˣ
ʥһǰɽǴδй飬Ϊܹ콫ǬѪʹҲû취ģ
ڴ֮ǰǻҪһ£
°ͣ⹫ʸүүϳ棬ԼǬо֮ڣҪʱǶ֪

𵱼ͷӦһȴǿԸһӣҲųΪ˺ǬŵѪ°£Ҳޱˣ
У̻ȥ׼պɽϣΣľ˵
ڴҶû֮󣬱ǸԵĺܿ뿪ˣ뿪Ƶȴǲüͷ
˷Ķܵİȫ
Ǭٻ߳ŭδܻ
У뵽֮ǰǬΪ˴оȻٻϧĻ棬úʲôɵԭµȴٴһЩ
ʲôע⵽ɫ仯үүԨʵ
ûʲô
عæҡҡͷ
ԨǺһЦļ򣬵ڵʵѾүүܶܶˣΣվүүУʲôµĻүү˵˵һЩ
ллүүףΪжӦ
Ǻǡˣ˵ˣҲȥϢһȥúõǰɣ
ԨźܿԶˣʱ˦˦ͷʱڵĵ˦ԺܿصߵĵԺУʱźȻ֣ԺкȻλǷŮӵȺǶīŮ


1617 ŮҪصɽ
㣬īƽ㣬ôˣ
ŮɲǣȴЩ㵡
λһײβģƽɽȻβ쾪ȣ
ôܵܲ㰡
īȥǵһ£һίӣֻҪһͷ˫еˮӿƵġ
ʶˣ»Ļޱϧ
ȴ·Ķһ
ȴϰīɵÿЦīƽ㣬ͱˣǵܵ˺òã
͡
ϣһֱ˵ȴǲЦ
Уһ㶼
īƲƲ죬ɿֱ۵С֣ԹԵһԣǰ°ͣ

״ǿЦãŤͷȥʵ㣬īƽңֻΪīƽϷСҰɣ
˭Ϸˣߣ
īֱһҲΪεĵˣīƣˣ˵£
ˣ΢ȻһЩ漴ܵܣҺī֪ǼȥɽǱߣҲһǰɣ
㣬⡭
ˣʱЩԥ
ܱܵ𼱣˵꣡
Ц˰֣żǽȻʵ֮ܵҪһЩҲûԱ֮˴ȥǱߣҲԶٰﵽһЩæϾ˶һ㣬Ǹ𣿡
˵ɡ
üͷǺ㣬ǿ²Ӧǵô򵥰ɣңҺͼǲ˳λ͵õϢˣδҲ̫˰ɣ
ôĪܵ㻹Ƕʲô˼Ц
ߣǲǣ
īưĺ߰ɣֲǲ֪ɽĶԼȥǣߺߣֲǷǵҪСһ·
īƽ㣬Ķ˵Ҳǰֻǡ
ĿЦã׼˵ʲôʱȴЦżˣܵܣīֻ˵ѣҲ̫ˣ˵ʵιȥҲȷԼ뷨ģ
Ŷа
۾һСȴҡҡͷֵڿɲܸЩΨһ˵ıҪ󣡡
Ҫ󰡣Щʧ

ͷһܵطŹٻ࣬ܵҲԲʲôٰ֮ɣ
Źٻ
Զʱüͷһ壬Ǻ⣿ٻ
ٻ飬Ҳ֪֪ܵĻһЩ
ٴδϵ˵ʵٻ඼ǿˣһ£ò˶ãܵͿԶһİˣ
ðɣ
Ȼʵڲе˼ֻҪףǾԲẦıѾ㹻ʲôֲֵģ첢û̫⡣
Ӧ֮ʵǵڶҪʲô
ڶһ޹ȣҪһܷܵģǶ˵ãػص

һʼ磬ҾûˣζֵĲֻң壬ҪǲͬĻҲö˵ʲô
Ǻǣһ㾡ܷģǲ֪ģӯӯһЦŪһĨ춼׵Цݡ
ǡ
ֵǱӦûΣգϾѪʹĴӪڣλǷȥ𣿡
֮ǰ˵Ҫ󣬱ǽͬһȥǰ¡
ȻҲԼȥģԼȥֺαרŹأ
˿ĻСħ㼸ͬʱͷȥɣ
ðɣǾȥɣ
ҲֻܵͷӦ

պɽΧԲ׿⡭
죬Ԩ˴ҵʥؼ֮ʱ򣬶ľ壬ʸ壬ԼԼҲൽˡ
ٶˣÿһʵʥϣ
ҺҲûڣȻ֪أ
ֻ֮УīŮĴڣȴ˲˵עӣһһܵܡĽ죬òʶǵǾ֡
ʵ֮ôλȳϰڵľǼλҲ˽⣬ȴδŮòգҲȷǳΪ˲޷ӵĽ㡣
ȻΪеĵλڼŮʶ֮ʣȴҲǸΪˡ
֮⣬ľ̫ϳ϶ľ֣ʸ̫ϳϻʸҲˣԼȻ֮ˡ
ؼ֮⣬Ĵ۷嶼̫ϳԳ֣νǰδУ
ܿ죬ʥ໥ȥϤϾܹʵΪ۷֮ĹϵǴҲǻʶദȻҲûʲô̫衣
ǺԨһͬ˾һ
Ѿ˹ţѪʹԼǬ֮Ĺϵǲѡ֣ǬҲò˶ñΪˣʸ˵
ĻҾЦŵͷ
ҪĻҪܲһٳɹˣ
˵ΣʤܣҪҵȾʹʧܵĻǺܴģǡ½Ϊ⣡
ǣֵȻЩʥϵˣ
ʲôʱ֣
ʸʵ˵ĿȴǺˢˢϣŪЦá
У֪ˣ
εĵôҶҰɣȥ޹ȵĿռͨǿд򿪣
ӣҲһݸȴҲûж˵ʲôæһں棬ɽȥ
Ǯǳֽ޹ռһ飬ǿռͨȴȥ򿪵ģ˺ܴҲҵʱǬǲڣȻĻ˵Ҷˣ¾Ƿܹȥһ
ʱȴǰ̵ķҲô鷳ҪҲ̫
Ҫǣַͨ޹ȵռ䣬ȴҲ̫Ŀռ䲨

ʮӺһ˵ĶɽʧˣͨԴ򿪵ĿռͨɹĽ뵽޹ƬռС
۵һУ쿴Ŀࡣ
ϴɽˮ·ɾһĻưܣȥûһõľ涼ǿӿݵģֱĿ
īҲǶһۣǵзŨŨľɫ
Ҳ֪ȣȷһһ
Ǹô죿ֱȥǬǼһ𣿡Ťͷʵ
ˣѾȺʱ
ȻûȴشܿռǶȻӿֻգۼĹ򣬺ȻѾһƬѪɫкƶһ͵ѪϢɢ
ţĳ֣Ǭٻ˴ǰֶͬʱһͷͷѪɫħޣԼһѪܣôҵɫһ̱ޱȻ


1618 սʼٻ˼
죬ˡ
Ǭǰˣ˿κξѪɫ˫зޱȵŭ棬û뵽۷ˣȻ͵飡űڣȻʮཨµĻҵһ
ЩѪ֮ˣ˵ö֮
Ц˵⻹ˣܹռ䳹׻ٵǲõģ
죬㲻Ҫ̫ˣǱ˵㣡Ǭ
Σ
쳰գѪʹѾߵ˾ͷ֮һȻᱻ٣
ɱңƾǣ
ĻǬĴЦһ찡죬֪ΪʲôѾµǻȴһֱû뿪ǰɣ
ŶҵҲʼ磬ʾ԰ꡣ
ȻȴһȻīþǲ֪ʱѾˣǵ뿪춼޲ӣѪʹǬҲӦú޷֡
Ȼ䣬뵽ǵĵڶҪĪȥѰǸʲôˣ
ǣǾͲĻᱻҪ֪ǬĴӪڣ
ʱǬҲǿˣֻľӪ˴ʮ꣬ѾںΪһ˵ңҾҿ
˵䣬ֻǬôһУһѪܿռ䣬һǿѪɫӿת˲γһֲѪɫֱֱĳǱϮȥ
ȻֻһֲǿֶΣΪĲǸǴȥش
ԷӦĴңڳ֮Ǻܿ콫ǵѪɫ볹״ɢ
ǣǬֵһĻȴôҶɫ˺ܶ࣡
˵ǸָȻܵռˣ
Ҳ΢ǵѪɫ籩ƲᣬǬ֮ʱȻ䶯ȴԾɳֵļΪͻأһĿռ䲨û·ǵѪɫ͸ǸʱƵġ
ΪͬΪʵĶľ֣ʸ磬ҲһɫȻȴԳɻ󣬱Ͼǵʵû򣬾Ҳǲȷģ
Ȼ䣬ֻǶľֺȻڵãӦռ໥ںˣ
ʲô
⻰ҾһɫΪѿ
ۣ˵൱У

СȴǬһſЦǬ˵Ĳھ൱򣡡
һֱû취һ򾡣û뵽ǾȻԼ
ؼѾûˣֻҪЩȫôĸҲͲΪˣ
ʱϾ£ҲɳɾͲҵ
˵ǬٴδЦЦгޱȵķ
˵ף㻹ֻһ䳰
һѣ벻ףʲôֵýģľҲϵĵͷ
Ҳ׷׳һǳŪǬɫ˲ŻǲЦȴһ˫Ѫɫ˫ԾޱȷŭĻ棬·һͷʱ˶ɵħޡ
˿̣ܵѪɫռҲ·оǬŭ𣬾Ƿ׷ײһǿĿռѹ˲佫Ҷڡ
У
ۣһң̫⹫ʸǰһ֣ҪǬסүү⹫ʸүүȥЩѪɫħ޺ѪܽһҪСģпܵ£սپ
ã
ĻҲκķ׷׵ͷ
оѹԽԽǿȴĶǬ漴ĳһɲǼ䣬Ȼǧýȵ֣
ߣ
ͬʱľ֣ʸԼ˱һˣ˼һ˲䱬ǿƣԽ׵ľ룬գ۱Ǭǰ
úãձĸ
Ǭ˿ңʱڿն𣬺ܿ˱֮ϼսϡֽ֮ڶԵޱȼҡ
·ϣ˶ֵͬʱҲǴٶʥϵ˿ʼˡ
Լûдͷ֮⣬ңľԼʸֱ𣬶ľԼʸλĴ£ԼγĸͬĶ飬ǰѪɫħȺѪǳ˹ȥ
սһ̱ǳױ
Ѫɫռѣֲֿѹڳ˶ɫȴ˿κεи
ּս֮УٻȴǺһתǻһЩ
ҲǼΪĵѪɫ˫һĨâٻ˺󣬾Ǻܿĳ˳սţû˷ֵǰʧ
˵û˷֣
Ϊ֮ǰĵһҪʵԴӽֳ֮һ˿עٻϣںͶľǴսǬȴҲΨһһע⵽ٻ뿪ˡ
ٻ뿪첻üͷ΢壬ϧʱǬйصȴǷϣ޷̫ģܴս
ȻˣǾȲˣ
˵ˣҪҷٻһ
һȶ֮󣬱רǰڵǬѾܿռΪһ壬˾򣬲ҸǶĴڣҲ˵ûһʤ㣬Ǭصʵ

Ǳ߼սʱٻΪûκע⣬ս뿪ȴƵռһСɽĳɽС
ɽһأ֮ȴ˿谵ŲٵװΣէһһװʮֵŵķУ
ɽ棬ȴһŴڴһŮӣٻһģһʶࡣ
ֻʱȴǻԲѣٻĵû˿Ĳ
ߵߣźԼһ˶ٻѪɫ˫ȴκֽ̬ܰҲȫȻʧȡ֮ޱȵ
ḧٻǴƵļ·ڸԼİ˶һС漴ٻԵడ࣬ƾʲôôõ
Ϊ常ţô꣬һֱҵɹߣ㾹Ǻıһǻţ
ƾʲôƾʲôҶһƾʲôҪô࣬ϧһеȥһˣЩ˵ľԪΪϼһãʲôҲܵôõĴ
Ҹ㣬ĺ֣Ǹ졯һԸϼһûܹپˣ
Ƥҽ͹ԹԵĸóɣں˽ǵ곹ںΪһʱҾͻΪˣһѪ⣬һԳԷ˯ˣ㡭ʹɢϽûֻ࣬ٻֻҡٻ
Խ˵ԽǼԽ˵ԽǷ񣬴ʱٻƷһĲţɽжصǷ
һУڴϵɷ·޲ɷеٻûע⵽۽ȴһξӨ䡭


1619 ǧһȣ
һַֹסٻŴϵٻһֱΪĵϣ¶֮ɫ
Ӵ㾹Ȼˣ
۽ǵǼٻЦһ£ôҲ֪ʲôˣģôҲһģֻҪҽգǱʱңҾ㣡
˵䣬ٻ˫жȻһѪ⣬ȫӻӴƯ𣬽ٻվ˫֣Ѫ֮У·֮γһѭ
ʱٻɫ΢ƽһЩ˫չֳֹâȴԽżֵ̰֮ɫ˸ֱͲһƵġ
ȶԣȴƺ޲۽ڲϵ֮⣬ûһ㷴ӦȫͬľżһٻĲٿء
ʱһһĹȥת۱ķ֮ǵЦݸ˲٣ɢѪʵһ㣬ڴʱҲ𽥱͸˲٣ٻںһ㣬ͨٻ˫ȴǿԿϲļ顭
һ̣ٻȵѾ̫ˡ
Դʶ֮ȻǴٻǿзȥģȴһֱҪռݾԵΪ೹ʧҲϧ
Ҫǣֻʧˣһˣǰô˵˼֮⣬һжûУ
ΪˣٻҲüͼǬͬ⣬ǬȴǺԥľܾǳֱӾٻҶ֣ôǬʱٵ
ڶǬľ⣬ٻҲκαʾڽʱУǬǰֵԽԽãǬķԸȫԲɣǬԽмӡ
ȻһУʼն޷ٻԼ˵ֺ⣬δֳֺˡ
֮⣬ٻϾҲǴзȥģѾһʶЩʱȴҲҪܵӰ죡ϴǻԪ½ݳҵʱٻѾ⧲סҪ֮ʱȴܵ౾Ӱ죬¶˼ֲ֮ɫ
Ǵ֮ٻԼƣǾ࣡
һȴǿҵɱٻȴҲûֳ̱ԽݷһֱȴᣬʶҲ˽֮١
Ϊ
ȻǬһֱû˵ʵݣΪٻ֮ǶٶµһЩҲȰ˵ǬǬȴĵĲͷʩչֶԹȥֱ
û룬Ǭ־ٶԼǴʱӵĹȴǸٻ˸õĻᣡ
ٻȻʥصʵ꣬ôʵض˲ǣϾ౾Ϊһ壬ʲôҪΪõḶ́˵ǵʵͬԴģ໥ֻụκεų⡭
డ࣬ͱ𷴿ˣڵ㣬ʲôʸ񷴿ң
ɱҵʵǿ˺ܶ࣬޷
ԹԵĺҺ϶ΪһɣʱһڸøǿϲļһҲδУ
ٻһ߼ӴѪӿӣһ߽˵˫޷εķоѾʼں֮ʱ˷ܵ˼㡣
˿ȴޱȵĿ֮ں𽥽뽩״̬ٻ˵ʵȴǵ˲٣¾ôֿҲ޷̫ʱ䣬˵ٻĶֹͣˡ
ʱ䲻ϵţ𽥱Ѫɫâȫ֣·γһ޴Ѫɫһ㣬͸ʵѪ⣬ֵĿٻڲںϣѾ𽥵һת䣡
ûʲôĻ½յ໹ľΣˡ
ȻܹûԤϵģڡ
ٻΪѾܻʲôˣϾںѾ˰˳ɣֻɱԽȫգһٻԳΪˣ࡭ɾ͹ܲôˡ
ܹǳˡ
סûҴ
ӰȻһĳ֣ûһף֮һŮȴٻΧľ޴ѪɫȥԵΪ졣
ˣīƣˣ˰ɣһŮЩεĵ
ûǽ޹ռ֮󣬱㲻֪ȥ˺δīŮǬ֪ǵڣֻû뵽ǾƺҲרΪ˹ģ
ʲôˣҪʲô
ٻˣǶīǺϢĳ֣ǽš
˿ںѾҪĹͷ޷ֳȥԸǣܾʹͣ£ضܵķɣ˶Ҳûܡ
ӴôʲôǿŶ
īһЦҲδʲôľٶȻһǳɫĹâֱϮɿٻͷϣ׳ǳɫâı壬Ȼһڲ۰Ĵڡ
ûһǳɫĲۣɢâֱӽٻֵ֣һ˲䣬ٻǷƵŭ𣬡ҪʲôҲҪٷֿҲҪֿ
ǳɫâУԭѾں˲ٵٻȫܿƵ建뿪ٻεֵǸûа취·оһѹľһĲ֮С
ʲôҪֿҪռȵҲ𣿡
īûһڣ漴˫ӡգۼǲϵɫâڽĲʱ䣬ֻٻһΪʵķ峹׷˿ҸĺˣԵޱ·ǵɫĹâżˣͬʵʰҲȫȻ٣һֱԵΪ͸
߳׷֮ʱʱǰסϿٵĵ˼£֮ǰȫָ˴ϣ漴ŤͷĿͲʵٻϡ
ʱٻͷǸɫĲۣڵɫâ£Ǹ޷κζ·ȫӡƵġ
ǵʲôˣΪʲôҪֹңƾʲôƾʲô
²ܶٻȴ˿ûͣ£ϽĴš
ͣ
īûĵһۣΪԸߣٻٻΪںˣҸ㣬Σ
ô֪ٻһͣ͵۾˲Ĵġ
֪ģĸ࣡
īһӡǲ۱ֱӷɻصڡ
ٻ۾һҪһʱ˴뷨ãԼȻȻܶ˼άܹ˵֮⣬һָͷܡ
һĻٻɵøĻˡ


1620 ٻ𾪣ǿǬ
ˣˣб´ҵĶ겧һʲô
ע⵽ٻľٶīûƲƲ
ôˣ˵䣬īֳߵʵ
ûʲô£ҺüʱҪһºͲˣ
ЦЦվīԣĿ֮Ҳٻϣ΢Ƭ̣īƣôͿˣⷽ棬Ҫͨ
İɣ
һЦʱٻȴԽţ·Լϵһ׸ʵû塣
ǡҪʲô
ϵϷЦݣٻǽţ˵ЩƵġ
İɣ˵ˣģ
ЦЦָϺȻɫĹâת˲ٻ֮γһǣһƵģɴ˾ȴٻΪţϧǣͲκεķ֮١

Ȼ䣬һ̾ǵɫĹâʧ
ôˣīƼΪ⡣
ĸԸĻѶȻӺܶ࣬ҲûĲעɣīҡҡͷȴô˵
ĸԸ
īҲЩ΢Цһ¡
ٻӣôܻĸԸ
һתȴǺĽ⿪ٻһЦٻ˵ɣŶˣҲˣʥصʵû취ߵģ
ţ
⿪ٻΪģĻתȴԾɱӡţ⿪ֻǶжѡ
һǿصīƣٻɵÿЦѡ
û취ˣ
ܿ죬ǾȾ䣬ܿȥīǰ£ǽ֮ղƽ˲٣Ե˵ɣǵʲô
˵ˣģص
ң
ԣٻЦһ£Ǿôңҿİɣ
ǱΪһ壬˭𣿡
Цٻȴ˲۾һУǹ֪ҵܣǵʲôˣ
ʱĻɭȻ˲٣ٻǽ֡
ܣѪʹѪ֮⣬˵֪˵ٻܣû֮һ
֪ıĸ࣡
˸ǻ۵Ĺâļٻʵɣں꣬ռ壬յĽֻһǾǱ
⵱ʲôСأ屾ҲҵģûҵĶʲôԣβɴ˵궼᳹𣿡ٻЦ
ҲûֿܣȻĵͷӦ

ٻ⻰ɵøǴЦûһš
㡭
īƼˣȴǶʱվ˫Ծޱȵķŭ
īơ
״æȻĻīƻĻٻֱˡ
ٻͲΪʲôǻ֪𣿡ʵ
һ˫ٻϣȴƿԿһƵģñ˿̶Щ͸ٻɵһĲ
ΪʲôٻЩš
ΪǶһ˵
һ
ĻٻʱһȻ˫̧ۣ׳ȥ㡭ʲô˼
˼ܼ򵥣
һЦīƵͷʾһ£Ůξǻ͸
ǡǾȻҲ״̬⡭ôܣ
ٻѣֹȥһֱֿԺ谭Ĵī˵İ͸壬ٻŲòһС
ǵʲôˣ
Ѿٻ֪ٴʳ⣬һȴֹĸоɵƺúͻһЩ
ʲô㲻ùܣǾ仰ģ˵
ôң
ٻѲǿ԰ӵǺǡԼûаɣ
ԸĻǿ԰úһӴܹԼǻص

ٻЩĬȻʵڲ˼
ٻ˿̵ת䣬īƶһۣǵϲ¶һĨЦݡ
ٻȴǳĬڸղŵķƱһƵġ

īƴְٻ֮ʱѪɫռУ죬ľ֣ʸԼȴڸ߿ѪʹǬԾޱȵļսС
ֻʱǬȴǱ˼ΪֲʵѾܿռ໥ںϣڳ֮ʱӵȴ𵽺ܶʱ򶼳䲻Ч
ڣǬУսеˣΧ׵ĳһѪɫ籩϶ǵĳӰ죬Ǹû취ʩչȫض⵽ЩѪɫ籩ĹϮ˵ܵʲôˣȴҲԸǬȥõĳʱͬʱҲǴȥ˸鷳
һĴ˳֮£̶̲Сʱʱ䣬Ȼ·磬¾ʱܣôȥĻɣ˵Ҳǳ飡
أ
Ȼ䣬һ죬ǻʸ⧲֮£ǱѪɫ籩Уϴǿ˺ǾϮ֮ͬߵķһ㵹ɶ
Ҫǣɳȥ֮Χ˺üѪɫ籩ڵзλȫ
»ʸǿƽЩѪɫ籩ȫ𣬿ȴҲ˺üѪڣϢ֮֮ǰø΢˲١
ҵǣǬ죬ľֺ־øȥĹƣȻµǸղûʸʧȥٵսˡ
ڻʸոսѪɫ籩û¼ս֮ʣǬȻһŭȣʵʰѪɫâӿӣգۼѪɫռ໥ںϣη˵ͬʱֻһǿĿռȫǶԳܵľ޴ѹ
ô£
˲䣬ֱ仯ɫ䡣
Ƕȥɣ
ɳ׿ǬſĴЦȻеǱѪɫ˲ֳѪɫѪɫƶķУצĳ˼Ϯȥ
ã
˾ɫ䣬ѪɫϮϧһʱ֮侹޷ܿռ֮ʱ˿̣ڵԪܵ˼ѹƣתٶȽ֮ʱ뻺һ
һΣ
ʱǬȴǺԥļѪɫƣٶ׵ľ뼸գۼ񶼿ŵѪɫϴ̱Ѫȣüͷ塭
һԣľֺȻڲȴҲʼ޷ɫڴ˿̾Եޱѿ
һ룬ѪɫѾٽǰ


1621 ںر
ʱ˿̣·ƬоֻʣѪɫĿֱֲĲѣ·ԶľΪ׵Ĵ֮Ҳܵ˼ѹƣһʱ֮侹Ѫɫħ޺ѪܵĹУŲ˷׷ˡ
ѪʹǬǿԣЩѪɫħ޺ѪȻʹʵȴҪ˲٣Ĵ۷ˣȴҲʲô̫Σա
ѾѪɫٽǰ죬ľֺˣΣһ̱ᱻѪɫֱ븹ڵơ

վǰĶľ׵壬һܵѪɫĳ
¶ľѾúԪ֣ΪԪеٶٻһԵʣԪֵķûдﵽ״̬
䣡
ѪɫֱӳԪϣǷһ˲仯ƮɢڶľԼѪػƵһѪ˳ɫҲ֮˼԰ס
Ʒ֮ѪɫԾɹƲŶľֵϮȥ
̫⹫
״쿴ĿѣԼ߹ϮѪɫ͵һҧǿԪȵռ似λӰ
ɲǣһɿռ֮Ȼӣ˲ܵķҲ֮ԭʧǳȥѪɫʧȥĿ꣬ȴǬָ£ڰлһߣӺ󷽳Ϯȥ
˿̵ȴͨλӰ˸ǿĿռ֮˶ľߣǿдܵȣҲ˳ѪɫĹнѳȥ
ֶΣֱͬһ㣡
ǶȥѪɫιλӰ֮£ûκЧɼˣΪһ˵Եʣڵһ

ʱովȳľֲãԱһƺߣѪɫУ˿ѪĵɶѪɫûдʹ˷һβѪڼϮȥв㲻ͣµ˼
ãϵܣ
ľּ״ʱ

ҲǲЦһ£תľ鼱ٻָڲģһߴŶľ֣һٴνλӰдʱ䣬գ۱ǳߣһͬѪɫĹϮ˲ʧ
ʹˣλӰ֮УѪɫûٴʲôã𽥵ɢˡ
Ͼ̶ֳȵĹƣɲôܹģǬصʵҲˣ
ȻλӰ֮Ŷľ˳˻ʸԣǶǬȴ֮ԶҲֻ˵ʱȫ
λӰһˣȴҪһҪǶľֺʵһĸǴ˲٣֮ǰǱΧʩչλӰҲǳı
켰ʱΪԼ˵ҩһľĸָȴԾɸоΪģȥʸһֱ̲סһģжľּʱĲ춼Ҫֱӳ·׹ȥˡ
ô
ľɫ䣬ԥԪ
Сѡ
ʸ״Ҳˣ˵Ԫ䣬԰׵ɫǺһЩɼˣȴԾԵüΪƣΪѪɫռѹһ̸ֱ³һѪ
һĻ·ĶľƵ˼ҲǵĲѣֻϧΪЩѪɫħ޺ѪܵĹǸ޷鿴Ψм´һĨΣ΢һЩ
ܵ˵Ĵ̼ľǵĳָΪѸͣЩ˷ˣ޷޵ļһˡ
죬Ϊһ޵еģԭģҲܲ˰
ʱһЦǬǵĻﴫС
ô˻˾ɫһ䡣
Ѿû취ʹһοռ似ˡ
ȻڱϣԲǬ
һǬǰҶ㻹ʮأû뵽㾹ȻɥĲĪϹʱҲͬܵѪµĴݲУųûкĿȥŵλ棿
죬ϻ
ĻǬѪâһѡ񣬺α㽻Ϊʲô
ҽΣ
Ǭ˲䣬һŮȻ𣬶Ѫɫռ䷺Ŀռ漴αǴЩռи˳
ȻֵŮӣɫ䣬˸ĶǬ˫зʵɫ
ڣؼҵ̫ϳ֮һ
̫⹫첻ֹһε˵̫ϳʸϵһλ˵ǰ
ߵһˣȻؼڵһλ̫ϳϣرơ
Ҳİˣرƣλ̫ϳϽǵĵú;齻ĻôҪͻ򣬿Ҳûô죬صʵ
ǰ
ڵĳ֣ľ֣ʸԼ˼æǰ񣬶źرƴһк
ţ
ףĿϣ졭ϣû°ɣ
ãֻĴһЩѣҡҡͷص
û¾ͺã
΢΢һЦ֣磬ȥϻָһ£ｻң
ǣǰ
ڵĻľȻҷǴԶһЩĵط
ƣȥæЩһﾡ漴ֵ
ǣ
رƺҳɣæȥܿǼսţЩѪɫħ޺Ѫܾûһǵһ֮УգۼкüС
ʱȴǺȻŤͷǬԭϵЦ˲ʧȡ֮޾ı䡣
Ǭɻѣϸоѹڵİţȥֹ˵ûǸӡ
Ǭɻǵң
ɫ䣬Ժһ㣬·裬ǬɵһɢѪ⾹ڴʱɢ˲١
㡭ʲôˣ
ǬüͷʵΪʲôʶң
㾹Ȼǵˣ
ڵЩ죬оâһ·ֻֿصʹǬӣ·ղȫһˡ
ʱ䣬ں̾һû뵽ˣԭҲһ˶
˶
ڵĻǬԶǶһ㶡
ƺлǲ֪鰡
ģһϴμǬἰ֮ʱĨԥɵ΢΢üĪǬʲô֮
ʲôˣ
ǬһٴεΪʲôܾϤҺҵһ


1622 ڵʵ
ʱǬĻȴԵüΪ죬֮ȴǱʮֹŹ֡
ղŻôŵǬǰȴƱһƵġ
֪𣿡
Ǭʻȴǵķʵ
˭Ҳûע⵽Ǭһֳ֮ʱڵ˫һ˿
룡ңҵʲôˣǬӦ
뿪ҲκѪ֮飬ұҸ㣬Σ˵
ǰ
ڵĻǾһҪ
ǬѪʹǲǽһٳֵĻǻٸԵѣڣǬвһ㶼Ѫ١
ֻǣû˵ʲôڱǲɫĳһۣȻûжԣʱڵĿȴһӹɵ˼鲻Խı죬ټ˵
ȻǬڴ˿ȴҲɫһ뿪

ףĵԸһУ뿪ұ֤֪֮һУ
ҡ
ڵ·мĹƻԣǬɵɫһ˫Щϣâ֮ʱҪͷӦȻȴǶȻǬɫԵΪᣬ·ڽʲôһҪǣʱѾһЩѪɫâȴٴ˸
˿̣ǬıȴǸӵ
ã
ע⵽һĻҾɫ˲䡣
ҲˣҪǰɲǣǬȻѪʢ͵ԭʧٴγ֮ʱѾǻȭͷڵֱӺȥ
һȭѪɫķӿ·̺ķŭƵģҪֱһȭ
ǰģ
״Ƕʱ
Ҵ򣡡
Ȼȴ˿ңļһֱ֣ӽǬȭͷץסЩӿһ˲䳹ƽϢ
ǬӿǸ޷һμ򵥵á
ʱ䣬·һȫͣ
ô
ǰһĻǼ˿Ŀࡣ
ڣڶľֿʸϵ̫ϳϣǿʵ
Ҫ֪Ǭٶأ˵ֹǬû·磬첻ϧķԪʩչռ似ĻһĶضƲᡭ
ôǿǬ˷·̺ȫһȭǱ׵Ľ£Ǽ˵ֱһ޴𺳡

˿̣Ǭȭͷס֮ȴǲϵ﷢ŭ𣬲ϵţԾ޷ѣ˿̵·һ¶ʮѣ

¶ֲ̣Ǻܿɿȭͷ
˾٣ȴǸΪ⡣

ɿǬȴǸΪŭţ·ʧȥƵģһȭһȭĳںȥ
һΣǬĹΪѸͣܿռƶܲסÿεڶȥǬȭͷռ֮ʱʮĿһСͿռѷ첻ϳ֣ȴֽϵĻָǿ𺳲ѡ
һɴ˫ۣ¶ǰδе𺳡
̫⹫
ЩѵĿڣλǰʲô˰ؼҵ̫ϳ𣿡
ǣ
ľҲţЦһºʵҲǺ˽⣬ֻȷݾûκ⣡
ѪǵĵˣǬѪʹǰôһֱ飿
üͷ˵У֮ǰ˵ǬܿĪлʲô£
˭֪أ
ľεʼ磬ǰǾԲվѪǱߵģģû֪ôģ

˷شŪЦã˵˲û˵𣿶ԱߵĻʸҲǱŹֲѣϹ޹ȣȷǴȥ̫ϲ
ء
ʱǰУǬԾɲϵķ񹥻ţһ˫Ѫɫ˫и޾ı亮⣬ȴǲϵĽжƺûκγַ˼עĻǽüͷƺ˼ʲôҪһ쿴Խɻ󣬸벻λǰҪʲô
·ĴսȴԽңرƺλ̫ϳϵļ룬ΪѪɫħ޺ѪܵجΣ̶̲ʮӵʱУжʮУ˷ȴǶ˸˼ִ̼öľǴĴ۷֮˷·˷ܼһ㣬˼˵ǰٷ֮ٵ
һЩѪɫħ޺Ѫȴһ޴Ĵϵ̼ţò̫ʱ䣬ǱᱻһʱǬûбܻնɱ˵ȴҲΪ˹¼ҹˣֻҪڣҲԷ˶Ĳˡ
ֻǣںǬ֮϶һЩǶ֪ĹϵҲǬ˷ݵĹȴֻڲ϶ûʲôַ뷨
ԭˣ
ֹȥķӣں۾һ·ͨʲôƵĿԵ
ĸһڲ˸ȴǶȻڰͣ£ǻȭӭȥǬ˲䱬һɵİ׹⣬΢΢һ
ɲǣǰ׹ת˲ĿУ׹ԹǬʱеĶΪ֮һ٣˳ױ̶˰УתԼܲϷŭ֮⣬һһ
ȻĴ䣬ٴݺһ¡
ڵʵʵ̫ǿˣǿš
춼룬ǰǲѾأѾͻ򣬵δ֪ĸ߲Ρ
ȻҲֻԼĲ²⣬Խͣ򲻿ܵõκδ𰸡
һ˲Ǭ֮ȴǳ֣ʱ죬ľԼʸ˱ܿķɵԡ
ǰ⵽ô£Ǭ
ľֳʵû˵꣬ڱǰ˰֣ԺԻףȴϣܹӦ
һֱڿе϶ֻһˣǾ죡ԵˣȴǱֱӳƺȫ
󣿡
ȴһǰ˵ǺǬй𣿡

ףӦȻͻأһЩҲϣϲܾ
ǰ˵
Ҫߡ
һָǰǬ漴ЩɫУ˶ٺֵԭʱ˵ҿ㱣֤κв
ǰɲԸңȥʲôһ£ʵ
֮Ͼͻˣ
ԥҡҡͷϲŵĻҿһ˳
˳
һԱߵĶľֺͻʸҲǼΪɻ
Եȣ
ͷ󣬱Ǳ˫ۣ·뵽붨״̬˿̵ҲǲٶԵվһԣǱסǬΪ⡣


1623 ùãٻ
첢֪ڵҪʲô˳ڵϤ֮УȴĻκλɣ
ʵڲ˹Ҳܾ֮ԻЩԥΪڵΪѪʹǬڣ
ʱڵĶҲͲûٶ˵ʲôһԵȺš
Źȥһң˫ۣһʱڼɻı飬΢΢һЦϣԵȣ˹һ͵
ǰɲԸң˭ʵ
ʶȴ˵ʶ
һЦȴͬɶаͷԣǲٶ˵ӣҲöʣֻܿЦŰҡҡͷ
ڶľֺͻʸҲΪֵ֣ڶԴ̬ȣȫԴǰϤȴżİ
ţڵĿǰǱסǬϣһ˫зϧȴҲδԡ
Ҳû˵·Ǽս֮⣬ƬѪɫռκ졣
ڣʮӵʱȥƽȵѪɫռкȻһռӣĿռ֮ǶΪİ·һֲ
ˣ
Щֵʱȴ۾һҲֳһĨǳǳЦݡ
˭ˣ
һôǰ֮ϻֳһӰӰֵʱҲ֮˹ȥ
һӣһϵɫȹԵüΪ
ˣ
ӭȥЦ鷳ˣ
û첻ٰǸصùã
ֻǣû뵽û뵽ǣھȻʶʮϤע⵽һ㣬صù֮ʱϤĻоǱصĹ
Сٻܲô
ЦЦҲǴӷڵϵһУҲδʲôǺһͬǰ
ôùúܾ𣿡ǲڶ˷Ů֣ģЦ
ùãǰʶЩ㵣æЦЦʵ
ǰʶܾأ
ͷЦŵε飬Ҳղ˵ˣ㲻Ļ˴߰ɣҿԵ˵һжģ
ùˣ
΢΢ǷЦҲܾǰҪ󣡡
ɣڶӣҾ˵ɣǸͨˣĻŤͷԵ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦʱȴǺԵСǲûҸǸԦ

⻰ʱŴ͡
˵ʵԼԦ¡
ʲôӣ֪϶ûˣ
û̧ͷһ£ֵСӣĪΪùûẦ㲻ɣԦŵص䣬㽫ɹԸŵ˽ռ޷ƣ
ùã֪ˣ
ڨڨһЦȴǿЦãȴȫκ֮⣬ȫǳ硣
˿̣ǴδĶľֺͻʸȴɻѣüҪѯݣֹסˡ
ˣСӣùûҪ죬Ͳ˵ˣ
˰֣ЦʱˣùȥǣˣǸǬ飬ȫڶӵİɣŶУɱٽʲôǰˣͽһ̱ǣȻùõıֿɾͱСӸˣ

Ҳ֮ͷ˵Ժ̱ǣǲԵĻҲùһ
̣ʱǷ
Ǻǡãã
¶ޱȲõЦݣ˷ǶľֺͻʸȴǶһۣЩЦãòϣܹõ˵ӣ˵ȴҲһ£
ˣڶӣҲˣ
˰֣漴ռܿʧҪǣ˷뿪һռ䲨ûǿΪ졣
ͽˣ
ҲǻԵʹ뿪ռ䣬㲻ĻԽ£Ϊаɷŵפؿռ䣡

ڵĻ첻ȵŴ͡
ôҪЦ
ҪҪˣͲˣл̣عæٵͷ
Ǻǡ㰡ˣҲ֪νˣôܳ׽˴ƿأǾҪԼоˣһ㣬ҲֻܿԼ˵
̷ģף
ͷҲûٶ˵ʲôںͶľǼ˴һк󣬱һѴǬֱ˲뿪ˡ
ǿЦãԼȴĪĸп˭Ҳû뵽˷Ͻ޹Ⱦ޹ȵռ䣬ڶѾ˽֮

ľҲǳ³һҪ˵ʲô֮ʣ·ȴǶȻ˵󾪺Ͽ˵Ŀʱȥ
ô£
˺ԥ£˵С
Լ
ľָָǰܣ鼫ΪŹ֡
Щ㵣ȥ֮ʱȴǾķЩѪɫħ޺ѪܾȻԭضҲŸֹƣܹоϵɱ½ǵʯ񶼾û˻ỳɡ
ǡ
ҲȲѣǶľȴº룬ǲΪǬ뿪޷ƣǲŻ
˵ܿǵõ˴ҵͬ
ˣҲض룡ô˻ᣬȫ˵
ԣһ֣
ܿ죬˶ֵڣЩҲֻܵѪɫħ޺Ѫܱ㳹ױһû£
ƲǱûʵѪɫħ޲ᣬЩѪܱ֮µĸֲ֫ϱۣԼѪȣȴǽ⸽ȾļΪңҺѪܵҲ̫࣬Ҳܲˡ
ɱ¾֮ȴٴһ𣬹Ǭ飬Ҳδ˵ǰзһжٵ˿ֻû˸Ҷʰˡ
ϾҲֻĴ۷¶ѣҪʵĻҲֲǣǻжľƵȼλ
ʱǰȴǻ߹ĵӰ˸һȴȻī⣬Ȼٻˡ
ǣ֪ˣ˸üͷ΢壬Ҳˡ
죬ôʲô
໹һİ˵Ŀ⣬ٻС־ֱߵǰ۵Ī㿴ٻˣߺߣҸ㣬ɲУ

⻰ʱЦá
ߣʲô飿Ѳɣٻ䲻㣿
ƲƲ죬ֱһ
ӣ⵽ô£
һͷˮʱվߵٻȻȥԾʮģȴһΪƽ͵ĸо񳹵ױһƵģٻܹ֮ϵͷԡ


1624 𾪣޿ռ䣡
ܵܣ
ǾҲɫУΧǸЦЦ󣬱к쳯Աȥ
īƣٻŮԭʱϢָϾŵļսǸԵĶܴǬߣѪɫħ޺ѪҲȫֻҪٳµģôҲʮֵİȫ
˴׿ĵطվɻӣ΢΢һЦҪ˵ʲô֮ʣīȴǺ֣Цӯӯĵܵܣܲ²ôҿԸŶڵٻɲǰأ
ţ
⻰첻üëһĿٴٻϣɲѣīƽ㣬Ǻ⣿
١
ʱûīƻشٻĹ£һǸ٣Բ֮ǰٻĴԭ£
̬ȣֱ֮ǰˣ
ôҲԸţ̶ʱһ˵ı仯ô
ȻǰٻҪһˣ
⡭
쾪첻ѣһʱ˻شٻ
ٻһֱ̬ͷۣȫûһ㲻ͷ˼
죬ʲô
࿴ȥˣǰһ󽿳⡣
ûû£ٻǰɣôˣعɻʵ
һܴܣ
΢΢һЦ룬ܵӦö֪һЩٻ֮Ĺϵɣ
ţ
ͷֻɣֻӾѣ

ף˵ٻԴӶԺ󣬱ܵѪʹҲǬĶԹ䣬ŵ֮ǰģǬҲûٻԺ󲻽ʶܹ֮ͬǰԸ񣬲Żᵼٻôа񣡡
˵˿ɫٻ΢ЦסС֣ٻʵҲ޹ģȻʱ򣬼֮ǰĸʵЩ࣬ȫǬĴ̼ͶԹ£ԣһе׶ֻǬ
ҺīԳ֣ٻȻѾǰٻѾ׺һĹԽǵ־Ӧ˫ֻ̥ٻԾûˣ
ðɣˣ
ףȻ֪īƵʲôֶΣֻҪٻΪУΪѪ»ŷôҪһҲδɡ
īƽһ˵ЩΪĲô
ǺãȻҺīƱȥһطǶúõ˵

һ

ͷصȥĶôȥܵͱˣ꣬ǱȻһ£һľϲ
Ҿϲǲ⡣
Ǻǡ
ûж˵ʲôǳīʹһɫŮֱٻС֣κܿռʧ쿴ĿЦá
ˣǲ˵ҪѰһ𣿡뵽æǰʵ
Ѿҵˣ
ߴīЦĵͬʱҲ֮𣬡ܵܣһܣʵҺīƣҲٻһŶ
ʲô
⻰ǰһռɢʱ̲ס𾪳˫¶ŵɫ
ٻһҲ˵īʵҲһ壬ίʵ̫ˣ𾪵Ĳš

īƴٻ뿪ȷôҶ֣첢δľֵȼλ۷̫ϳ϶ûκβԭܼ򵥣ΪǶ죡
ǽô죿
Ϣ˴һʱҺ󣬶ľȴǰʵ
ЩĿⶼ֮ϡ
Ҵ
΢һ£ǵô˵棬֮ǰùú˵齲˳صһȴ޹ȵռ䣬ҪˣŪôҶ𾪲ѡ
۷嶼ŸԵأռ֮Ϊǿ󣬵ҲǶ˾ֻЩʥؼ֮˵УΪܱȵż
ôҪôƿƬռ䣬˵ˣԼҲ˽⣬ֻǼȻùô˵ˣôԼһӦƿռİ취ֻһʱ仹û뵽ˡ
㽫ﵱаɷŵפؿռ䣿ľʵ
ɣҲһ
ʼ磬˵ȴҪʱˣҡܸоӦûô򵥣ֹһΣǰЩħޣ֮ղżȴҪ˲٣
пܵĻ뽫Ūһռ䣡
ռ䣿
ĻֻǶľƣҲЩɻ

ͷڵôģִôȥȴҲδ˵
ȻˣҪȡһְɣ
֮ǰ޹ȣôͽС޿ռˣ
ǺһЦһ𽥸ʵֵȼʵһħޣųѪµĹӣҲԾһľʾã޶ֵȷư磬Ϊ
޿ռ䡭
ЩЦãȻô˵ˣҲûٷԡ
У°ɣ
ľЦǺǵ˵ҲûʲôΣˣҲˣѪ»ûǵ֣
ҲˣҲǷ׷׵ͷ
漴ұ̵Ĵռ뿪ȻȻԳָǴһͨĿռͨ
Ȼ쾪ȵǣرλؼҵ̫ϳϾȻ
ǰǣЩ죬ֻʣرˡ
иǰҵ㣡رƺȻɫ
Ŷ
˶ʱ۾һҪ˵ʲô
̡
ڵĳƺرҲǿЦһ¡
ؼ֮Уر̼ôһ̵ĳƺرƳ
ȻȻôƺô϶Ҳõڵͬ⣬رҲȻҶ˵ʲô
ЦһºرƵıָܿƽԵǰҸ㣬ƿҪȥǱɽ棡
ʲô˼
㶣ʮֲ⡣
ҾͲ֪ˣ
رʼ磬ЦСѣһи֮룬֪ɷӦ
˵
һ죬ĳɹƿ޿ռ䣬ôɷס£ر˵
ţ
⻰Щ죬ǰʲôѵؼ𣿡
ǺǡзڣֻҪѪµţؼ·չҲʲô⣡
رЦЦߵĻҲԶٰտһ޿ռ䣡
ЩĬ
˵ʵرô϶û˵ɣֻǿӣ֪Ҳٶ˵ʲôڳƬ̺վǵͷӦرƵ¶һĨΪõЦݡ


1625 ƵѣѪ飡
ر뿪ˣҪȥ׼׼ԺܿⱻȡΪ޿ռ֮࣬Ҳֻʣһˣ
Ȼһʱ侹ЩãȻ
ȻѾ˽пռ䣬ʵ϶޿ռȴûκƿأֱ춼֪׸ôȥƿء
Ҫȥ濴ӦòẦҵģ
ǰ߾ͷɽԭƬ̺ջǳǱ߼ȥ
Ȼ߱Щɽ˼ٸָħȺ֮⣬ûһķ֣ɻѵڹˣ
Ҳ԰ûбҪô
ף϶ԼʲôڽʱУŬļѰţһضûзŹ
֮պĽȴԾʧˡ
ŶҲ˵ĺ
ʱߣ췢һĵطɽеĸħޣǱȥʮ׶߹ɵģû˿ĵ⣬츧ԲֳκεĶ⡣
ǵｫʳߣЩħҲֻһ£ָı֣ͺһ
˵ΪħޣǾԲ׽ˣǬҲ´ﲻֲΣϾſħʹõԦȫȻͬ
ȻˣҲ޷͸ߵĿģ֮£Цѵ˲ݵϣߺüͷħڲˣһͷСϻſϣգ˫Ϊ鶯С۾ԼȫȻͬ˶
֪䣬쾹˯˹ȥ˯úܳ·ʱš
֪׹ȥãȻоһռӣ˫ۣͷһռ֣ͨܿǴͨ߳ĴСߵӰ
飬ѣԼ硭
ְְ֣ۣ֡öදۣ
죬ɰ;пΧЩħޣСȴ۾˲Ź⣬˿˼Ѿſֱ۵죬ԱߵЩħǳ˹ȥ
㣬ȵѽ
СһҲˣŪЦãֻεӡ
ꡭ
һĻŪŮЦϣҲһݸ
ˣǾЦɣ
Ϊɴٴ˲ݵϣŮһЦʾȥõܵúŮΧߡ
磬ﵽô°үү˵ˣֱӸϹˣ֮齫ͷԼֱĴϣЦӯӯʵ
ǰǰ磡үү˵ԺˣǲǣҲæʵͬʱܣ̾ѡ
ţ
ͷ漴֮ǰ鶼ȫ˳ںùõĳ֣ѪʹǬڴߣٻٻȴϽôߵȵһУ޾ϸȫ˳Ů۾Ź⣬ĺôûиһأ
ʲô
ʵòڶ֪ôܳƿƬռɣ
ţ
⻰첻Цһ£֮ڶһ˵жҲ֮˵ŪŮҲǾ첻ѡ
죬ǲǸǰŪˣʵ
ӦòᣡܾԼʲôҡҡͷ˵
ǵ׺ʲôأ
ҲɻѣһͬΧɽ֮ǴܲѾʱʱԾĸħޣ˿ʲôĵط
ûж˵ʲôĸ찴Ħ̫Ѩʱʱ΢΢һЦ
ڳȴһĨЦڿʵû취ʱŻԵ磬ʵûˣ
ˣ
˳ƵĻԭ΢յ۾Ȼ˿ڱѺͬʱƵʱæʵƶʲô˼
ղ˵ǰ˵ֻߣû˵ʲô԰ɣЦ
ǰ
ͷüҶĻôʲôܸò߿İɣ
Ȼǣ
ЦЦ˵һ£ĳôֿܣ
һĵκ⣬˵иĳĵطãһ㣬ӦѾ׷˰ɣ
ûκ⣡Ļֻ˵Щħ޺׽ˣѰûҰȫͬ
˵һЩСħúܿĵǣҲûʲô˵ģ
ôǵڶˣ
һĨ⣬΢ЦżĳĹֻ㲢δѣ
ʲô˼
˼ֱһͷˮԵŮҲΪ⡣
򵥵˵ǰ˵ǰ֪ͨģǰҲǵһƿռ䣬ô֮϶й
Ҳ²⣬Ӧƿش˴ռķӦϣҪʩչɹĻҲӦʵ֣
첻Ϊɻˣʲôϣ
Ҫ֪ι֮ûʲôջ񣬳˼òùú֮⣡
⣬ƺҲ˵ʲôɣ
ɻ󣬳ƵֻŽ죬пǹȥң룬ǰʲôطõʲôпйأ

⻰˳˼ʱȻ̧ͷĪǡ
ʲô
ŮԶʱ۾һȴǰڰ֣Եһ£
Ȼ˫ۣ飬ѺŮɻԼУżӹȥһ׹Ȼռٶֱͣ£ѩƣ
ѩƣ
ɲѣ磬Īѩйأ
ƶĲ´ûĻӦ˵
һɲǣѩƹԹԵſ죬һźɫâƵӷ˳ȻڸշɵеʱܿռȴǶȻٲԭƽһʱӳĿռ֮գۼΪγһռ籩ŮȵĽˡ
ʱѩվ߲ϵĵţΧˣҲǿ첽˹ǵţûг嵽ԡ
ô£ǿʲôʮֲʵǵǡ
ӦҪɹƿˣ
΢΢һЦ˵İɣûʲôΣյģǿѪ飡
Ѫ飿
˳ƵĻŮԵüΪɻ
ѩշѪʱ飬ѺڣֻгˮŮڳŮ֪顣
ȥ֮Ϊ̫ԵʣҲ˵
ŮɻУ΢ЦŽѪ齲һ飬ǾǸпѣ֮˰
ȻʱŮȻ֪Ѫ飬챻һռ֮ƣȻ߿յӣǻЩǣҲˡ


1626 ɹƿأռ䣡
Ůͺǵĵǣʱ첢֪顣
ڸ߿֮ϣռ֮ԼȴǱ˫ۣƿص֮·ܿռĳһҪǣ˿̷·оԼƮƮģ·磬һвʲô
裬ְôˣ
ųƵֱۣС΢΢
ûµģְһͺã
˦һֻС˵ˣǹԹԵߣ𵽴ܣ֪𣿡
ţ
ֻ˳֮Ե綼׷׹ԹԵͷ
ʱ飬ѺŮҲĿȻǶ죬ǰ״ڵʵ޷ʲôΣգ¾ȥȶܵġ
ʱһһĹȥתۼǴյĹ
·γһ޴ĺڶܵĿռ֮ȫգʹԭЩҵΧٴƽŮ֮Ҳ΢һ
ǿ֮ǰȫƳױ˵Ѫ飬ȴѾɵͷϿգƱյĿռ֮ʵϴ󲿷ֶͨת󲻶ע뵽ѪڣѪϵЩѪɫâΪȡ֮ȴǰɫ⻪·ԽƬռеĿռ֮ȫһ
ԼԾ˫ۣ·һж޲
һΣвһʱңŵĿռ֮ȫʧ˿̵ѪϵѪɫâȴȫʧһžӨ͸ıһΨӯӯİɫâơ
ǡ
ƶЩ졣
˲ǰ˵ȻΪҲѪ֮Ѫ˽⣬ɶѪı仯Ծʮֺ档
ƶˣ͸˵ǼŮˡ
ԭˣ
ͻȻ˫ۣ˸һĨͬʵʰľâǸǹճһĨǳǳĻߡ
һУͷϿյѪǷɵϣתһƿռϢĲӣѪ鶸Ȼһ׹ֱûڣһЦݸ
ৡ
һкһȴǾֱĳŮǰ
ȻЩ˲ƣȴͲ˲ƣֻһֶڴ˴ռƿصðˡ
磬û°ɣ
Ůûвֻǹ
û£һжܺãѾ޿ռȫƿˣѪʵҲǴռԴͷ
Ц˵ȻŮȴԽ⡣
Ѫ飬Ѫ֮һ˵Ѫµ
ΪʲôǴ޿ռԴͷأ
ĪѪºѾһˣεǬ
˼Ůɻ΢΢һЦ͵ʵѪȷֵģͨѪ޿ռĳ֣Ϲʱڣ֮ܵѪµŲҰΪҲѪ飡ֻѪ龭ĽѾʶŻ޿ռ룬Ӷõ
ڵѪѾ˵ѪˣҸȡһµ֣飡
ЦһڵѪ飬ŶӦ˵鸡֮ϣôҵĿⶼˢˢ˹ȥ
飬Ҳƿ޿ռ䣬ƿؿռڵħޣ򵥵˵֮⣬޿ռһУ½ħҲȫҵƿ֮£ЦǺǵ˵
氡
۾Ź⣬ͼȥץû뵽ȴĶܿǽĶ˶š
˿̣˰Ҳ׷ǰ֮⣬ҲֻӴƶǲУŪôҾǿЦãҲֻܷùú͵뷨콫ջڡ

磬ô죿
һڲݵϣʵòɼҰɣ
Ȼᣡ
ǺһЦ˵ҵȷһ㣬ǻ죬Ҫȥʯһ£
ʲô㰡ĻΪ档
ǣﵱаɷ֮˵ռ䣡
Ե˵Ԫˣڵõ֮Խͬʱһ˴ֳ򣬷ֱʺϵԪԪԼʥǾΣ
ܲ
Ů׷׵ͷȴǺüֻǣӻ鷳ѵÿһܹˣҪͽɣ
ǺǡȻᣡ
ЦŰڰ֣ĸҿһĴֻҪԪ֮УԽԶͽԪ֮˵ʵֱ͵ͬ˲ͼˣ
ã
ŮҲȴԵǲǸûȥʯŶˣһ磬Īүүڻڣ˵Ҫ飡
ĪүүУ֪ˣ
ͷֵھ߰ɣ
£ҲһѡָոµɲǣҾֻǰһֱɽҲûж˵ʲôǻּϴһͬűķ˲ƶȥ

ʲôռ䣬аɷŵռ䣡
̫ˣԱӣҲȰȫȴЧĵطôȥأ
ǽͷһ°
аɷɽׯڣἰ޿ռʯʱѣͲûֱȥסˡ
ȿȡ˵ʯ簡ôô
ЩЦá
ʯȴȥһŤͷɫȻĶ죬Ҫ콫ЩƳʱȲҪ̫࣡ԪԪֱſ飬ʥֻҪˣ
Ϊʲôأһ£ʵ
ŻʱԶһЩƵԽԽء
ʵھٰһ滮˻ûпʼЩͿԵǽţ
ʯ໺ԵյԪԪ֣׶εǰֱõ޿ռʸĴԱʱ֮裡
УǾͰ˵죡ҪĻ;ңܿͷӦ¡
Ǻãھ֪ͨȥ
ʯͷҪ뿪ȻĲȴǱܿ˻ЩҪʱ䣿칻𣿡
ԣ㹻ˣӦ
ǺãͷԸȥ֮󾺼ʼ
ţ
ͷʯſ첽뿪Ծεļ
쿴òЦЦ漴뿪ĪɽĽүڵԺȥ
ԺſڣûţǹرյԺȴǺĴ˿ĽҪȥ
Ҫ죿ʵ
ţټôܲȥ
Ľ̵Ļһ󣬱ǲ죬ֱԶˡ
ЦõҡҡͷҲǴĪɽҪ㣡
ˣ
ӦһԺӣֽԺŹغúĪɽǰ£ЦĪүүʲô¶


1627 Ѫϵŭ
ԹԵĵһ裬һڣԵΪ⡣
ʱʻĪɽ飬ȴǺȻԵЩŤ󣬾û̻ش𣬵Щ㵡
Լ쫷󽫵ĪɽĪүү˽⣬͵ȷˣȴַӣŤģûô
Īүүòʲô鲻˼˵ɣ
һڲ裬ЦǺǵĵ
ʲô˼ģ
еϷ֮ɫĪɽûĻһ䣬漴˿ȣż֪ʵһֱң̶ЩɵΪľ쫷ɣ
Īүү˵Цˣ΢ȴЦݵػص
Сӣʲôã̫ƣ
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ĪɽϵҡҡͷΪ̫ϳϣôΪ쫷֮ˣǲЩӲ𣿡
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źɫĻǰɫҲ֮ԵϺ˵ĲȻƶǼΪγֲһֻ᣿


1628 ĴƳ棡
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׼ȷ˵κʱǶԴѪϣȻǰǱҪѪϵͬ⣬ЩҲûʲô̫塣
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ҲǲϣκΣյģοԣôСҪȥҲõ꣬Ȼ㹻ʵɣ

ҹʱ֣һӰԺϢ뿪춼޲ֱĴٵطԶһЩĿԺסҲĪɽ顣
Ḷ̌ΪаɷҲȻԼרԺ䣬һֱĸүүɣ
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⻰һâа㳯ĪɽȥĪɽ˿̾Ҳû˿ӣһʱеնԵز١


1629 ѣɫ䣡
ڳУĪɽԽоλߵʣΪ쫷󽫣ʮҲȲڵĳƣȣֱǱһƵġ
Ȼ޷޹غʵһĪĸо
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ϧѾȷ˵ǲҪȥһҪʲôǿУǾȥ˿ҲΪ׸𲻵ʲô̫ãȻƻǸ⡣


1630 ˷֣ս
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óϵǣڸʵȷҪȺһЩûߵİ¶ȲһϣºͰһ֣ҲһǵĶ֣
ƳĴⷽ˵òѪϵȷһš
䡭
ת˲䣬ĺС
ѩƣԼ£ȴǼսһ׼ȷ˵Ϻ£ѩȴǶӭ˽£ȻٲȻѾֳܿѹŴľ棬ѩȴ˿ûκε٣üζצ˼Ѫۡ
ȻˣټǱȻ·Σѩ˵ȴҲǼΪĲ
ÿһȻʵѪϣȴҲ̫ࡣ
Ե仹нԵĬɾͲһһڶôˡ
һʱ䣬ڼս֮УǧýĹâ˲٣Ҳ˲ٵѪۣټԱ߽ʱʱɧһ£ľ漫Ϊ
ŷḻľ飬ԼѩƻԽºӰ죬Ѿںˣ
תۼ䣬ʮӵļսȥ޿ռ䱾ͼΪưܵĻӲңж˲ٵѪȡ
ɫΪ԰ףܹеҩľĻָȴԾ׷Ԫĵٶȣ
һʱ䣬ڸΪ
ĸоһǰδеΣ


1631 ս
ɫأһâѾһЩǧýһƺý֮֮ǰΪ˼֡
죬β־ܣֻҪ㽫׻龧ǿԸһȫʬԸ⳼Ҳܱס죬Ե
òϣһ֮ˣֹͷĻΪԼͶϾںܶ˵Ҫģֺôͽ
ȻȴֱһҪʹĶôϻ
£ӡȻһĽٱ䡪ն
ٿ䣬ʮ׳Ľâ˲ϢգۼǺǰ
죬Լ
״²Ѫһ˲䣬һɾ޴â΢ƫһЩ򣬶һɾУǽâûʲô̫ñ̻Ʈɢ
һĻȴҲ첻ٴۣŸ𺳡
ǿĺǿ
찵Щżƾһˣͽ֮֮ǰѪʹǬǿ˵ϻºͰˣ
ңҪǣĹƺѪ²ûʲô̫Ĺϵѩƶǵ͵㣡
˼ţƳһԱѩƺѪϷļսɵøΪģѩƾȻҲ·磬ҵ׸ô죿
ݡ
Ȼ䣬һƿ֮Ǻ³˼ʱ򷢶˹ƣ첻òæȫӦ
ܿ죬֮ļսٴչǺ¸ƾ˶ºƵģ˼Ϊǿڸյ𵴵΢Գ˼ֵĻҡ
һٴμսĿʼһȻ·磬˸Σ֮֮ǰҪ˲١
òϣµʵȷǿ
ء
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սǿĲĽƬ޿ռļҲ
أ
Ȼ䣬⧲֮£ǺµǿУǧýһϵĹâ࣬ĳнˣɫ˸Ĳ԰ס
죬
˳Ϯ˽֮ղŸҵĹƣӿͬʱúǰȻγâ˲һٶȳϮȥҪ쵱ֱӱ֮⣡
ã
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أ
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ǣԪ֧£ջǽǼâȫ
һĻ΢һ
ȻǺ¼״ȴкâһֱ˸ֳצĴƿֱ֮ӳǰԪץ˹
⧲ֻνˣ̫ȴôҲȲµٶȡ
ո˺ף±Ǳƽǰ
ǲǲ
ţڼǷֶʱ޷Ĺѿµ־΢һٺ󣬱Դץȥ
ҪıץУֻֿܡ
һԼܣϾԪĵȷܴټϷŷֵıƣڸٴܵ˼𵴡
ڶԴֱǿĳбѿʱ¾ͽ᳹׵׵ıһʬ塣
ﱻϣ취ָһԴѵĻǾ·ҲûˣںµֹУҲһܹסһתͶ̥Ļᶼûˡ
ԣԪֱƵ˲䣬ѾǼתһЩԪԥķȥ
µٶҲһ̵˲٣һ˫иޱȱɱûô׷Ź뷨
һ˲·ԼĶᵽɤ۶·оı١
̫죬ٶȷ޷ȣ¾뵽˺µĶǰ󳷣ںµļ׷ϮУ쿪ʼϻǧýâȴֻܼµ׷Ϯ޷ֹ
ۿźԽԽƽһĨһɫѾ⣬˾ͺһƴˡ
ȻԽŵʱ̣ۿź¾첻ʮ׵ɲǣҪ֮ʣȴǶȻһصŭ𡭡
һ׹ٶܿռޱȵĲǺɫ˲䣬òһת׷Ϯ뷨Ťӳһȥ˳Ķ㿪ǵ׹⡣
ȴЩ΢㶣ӦѩƷԼߵΣŽº˵ΧȴҲ³һǿİ׹⽫Σн˳
أ
ɾѩưɲǣǽºȴץסʱΪֲʵѩֱǿƵ˳ȥɫΪ䣬·ѩƵİ

˫Ŀһķŭ𣬡Ƕȥ
ƽն
ٱ䡪˫ն
ɲǼ䣬һ޴ĽâžŶƣѸײڶٶȣŭ緢УǰԶĺϮȥ
ͬʱҲצĳԶһЩĽϮȥķ·𸽺ʱŭ棬˽֮ҵơ
ɫһݣѾǰľ޴âԥ˫ּٻ裬һѪɫٵγһѪɫУǽǲâֱӵ
ȻվֻһʶȴҲ޷Ѫϵıȡ
ȴǺһ飬ǾǽâΧƵľŶơ

Ȼһ룬һȣǾŶͬʱȻը
ֻķңγһ޴ĢƣſռľҲ·ԿһϸСռѷĲӡ
⧲αըüٷˡ
ϵĺɫ·ʱ˴룬쾪ǣ˿ѪֻۣǾʱȶεĺ£α΢һЩһֱôǿƵҲ΢ࡣ
ô£Ѳɣûˣüͷڲϳ˼
һߣеĽº£ȴǽ֮Ҫúֻܶ࣬΢˿һЩֽȫֵͬʱĳУ֮ɢ
ȻҲܵһЩ𵴣ȴԵʮƽ
ô˻ᣬѩƵǴ˵ĹܿķɻصߣԾǱȴǾȻһЩΨһ˫۾ԾԳŨŨս⣬ƽ鶯ȴԵøΪ˼֡
һʱ䣬Ĺƽ֮󣬴Ҿ˶ݵƽΨǺԸ͵죬·޲ýʬһ


1632 ֮ʣѩƣ
ֹƽУȴǸΪѹ֣ĽԼ񱻶߶סһʱпо޴Σ֣
֮⣬ںµȴҲʮָȤ
˵ֻҪǸ˾ͻˣͻѪ
ղնоŶƵͬʱըȻѾúܵ˾޴ĳϵĺ±һӡ֤ƫƫϢ΢һЩԼɫ԰һЩ֮⣬ûһѪ֣ҪǣǺҲ΢͸һЩڵĺĴǡ
ⷽԵõսʤѰ취
ˣѪϵķ
Ȼ䣬۾һ˵Ӧñûı壬ֻһ״̬µĴѣ
ӵʶܹûɽı׶ˣ
ǣⷽȥ룬Щʲôأ
ĪǣҪӾȥҿҲ޷Ȱ
һ䣬ԺбתͷǺµȴǺȻƽ࣬һͷҲδ޷ΪС
ҪʲôֶΣɶ˵ȴһּĿ顣
ңҪ죡
оɢıɱԼʱѾˡ
ô죿׸ô죿
쿴ɫƽȴǲӿ
ʱѩƺо뷨ȻͺһǱ˶Դϲ˲䣬ʱԺб㴫ѩƵһ־ϵȻ۾һ
ǰôҵ޿ռˣ
ѩƵ뷨춸Ȼ۾һУһĨϲɫ˸
ɲǼ䣬ŰɫâǼٷɳӡɲǣô˷ٵķһͷͷħӰɫâУǱޱȿֲƣܹһ캳ص޺𡭡
ҪǣЩħ޲ûʵ壬Ȼէһκ𣬵ͨԼ޿ռƿټħǣȴǱ˽֮ʵʱӿֲƣ
𡭡
޺ϣ˷Ǻµ˵ȴһ־޴ĳǵ嶼ЩҡΡ
ôܿ޿ռ䣿
ǰһУɫ䣬¸ֱӾ
Ϊʲôܣ
¶һĨϰԵаЦĵղǿܹˣھ͸ֵǺúܣ
£һͨ޿ռƿأǳɰǧħӰǷ
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ʵЩħ޵ʵȷҪʵʱԲһЩסǵ̫డν϶ҧЩħ޵ķУ˼Ϊľ棬Ͼ˼ԼȫνĹͷָ¾ͺڲˡ
ϧǲûʲô̫ǻۣ޷γЧĹ
ǰһУЦݵͬʱȴҲżֵǡ
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ͬ񣬶ʮѵصʿԸʮһٸ·ĻӦòû⡣
ѵ·ȣǰƿ϶˲١
Ȼͬ룬Χ˴ķӺǱǾһÿԲͬķ򣬽ħ޵ĹȫͬʱܹǿƵķ
ڽļڣʮͷħӰֱӴݻ٣쿴ɫص˼㡣
𡭡
˼Žİ취֮ʱվԵѩȴǺһ
ɲǼ䣬еħӰȫһ٣Ǻµ·ܵӰ죬ɵöһ͡
ѩƣ
һ£ЩѩƵ˼
ৡ
ţĿУѩ϶ȻâӿУһ˲ֳһһͷͻ
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һһɵ΢΢һЦȻ֮ǰһЩ顣
Ȼѩȴûô࣬УڳеħӰȫڵأһһԹԵѩƵǰ˳ѡ
𡭡
ѩһצƽʱ߷ȥͬʱһͻХ漴о˵һĻˡ
еħӰǣɵȫɵצ¹Թ룬ȥƽǰʱ˿̣һһλĴ󽫾һչֳ˼Ϊǿơ
ѩƣȴǴ߷ɵ˸߿֮ϣɲǼһһڣ׷׹ĳѩƴͷͷ·ڰݼǵĻʵһ
ԣʱѩƸ֮ͬʣϲӵİɫâ춼զ಻ѡ
֮ʣѩƣ
ۣЦ
ʱѩȴûȥЩɢİ׹һķֱע뵽·еħӰУǲϵĵͺ𣬷·ڷԸʲôһ
ܿ죬ѩһͺһһʱǵ£µѪϵķչ˼Ĺơ
һΣȴڸղŸͣ·ʲô˷ܼһ۾Źǣһһָ£ЩղŻµħӰǣԵþȻ򣬽£໥ϣʱս֮С
ʵǿԶϵģڶħӰǣȴҲ˵Ŀơ
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ټצƽڰеϣо˲СΣ
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ľϵУѩ»ﹷģɻصĻУһ˳ѩëһЦ㵽׻ʲôܣȻԿޣѾĸòŵʲôްɣ
ء
ĻѩƶʱмҪ鶯Ĵ۾УԻĳͶ˼ֱӵŪЦá
ˣһƶĸŮ϶ܣߣ˵ˣҾͲܹһֱ˵
ƲƲ˵ѩſĻУֺƵͷƣˡ
ˣôԴ𣿡˶٣ʵ
ء
ѩҡҡԴҲǿЦѣǰҲ֪УұҪٳˣҺľһָĲˣ
СһԱȥɣ
һѩƷһԣɫ΢һ֣ٴηɵ֮ϣӡͬʱҲٴμת
ɲǼ䣬·ָоԼΧ޿ռΪһ壬ڿռڵһжָƣܿȴŤͷȥǰļս˫˸ͬʵʰľâ


1633 ռѹ˫࣡
Ϊ޿ռƿߣȻɹûжãͨ飬ȴԶ޿ռһƿأܴﵽֵĻôģֻҪ֣ȶҲ˶١
죬ͨԼ޿ռƿأӲд
ѩƹԹԵſһߣ̬鶯۾оǸֳһĨοЦݣͷ·ǳһϧȴδע⵽
鶸Ȼһ׹⼤գۼȻûϷգ֪ȥδ˿ȴһԵĸо·Լ޿ռƿظһͷ޿ռκεط֣˵ҲһָĽ
Ȼڵȴ˲ôˣ΢΢һǺµ˹ȥаЦȴԵޱȵı䡣
·쵽ʲôǺȻ̧ͷȥɻӦģȴаЦ»ҪȥӦΧħ޵Ĺ롭
һӡĿռ֮˷ڵλϮ·ڼγһĿռ籩޿ռ䶼ڼٲһ
ȥ
Ȼ򣬵ȴ͵سǰһָ
ɲǣЩռ籩Ŀ꣬ڶħӰûκӰͬʱȴǼٳƽǾǸоһǿĳߵӶЩסҡΡ
˿̣һһҲץסʱһͻХУеħӰȴǱ˽֮֮ǰҵĹƣ˺ҧɣʱܵ˲СĴˡ
ȻҪ˸жܵʱ򣬱һȣЩռ籩ȴȻǸ޷˸ڸǿռ֮ĳ£ЩħӰУȴҲֻƾʵӲ˵ͷϿջޱĬһһˡ
˵ƽͷУܹ֮ĬԴջҪѩϣûѩƣ˵ˣ¾ǵһ𶼸ܣпܵǣƽֱӽצľȫɡ
״ҲǲЩпڶѩҲԽĸм˲١
ռ籩ɣħӰǵĹҲԽͣһ֮ȴƾǿʵӲĵֿͬʱ໥䲻ϣչ˲ٵɱ¾
ϾʵҲǲСģ
һĻ˫۲΢΢⻹Ǿĸģ
˴ٴһ˫ֻ̧֮׹УȻ·ѹȥռѹ
ɲǼ䣬µֻܿռѹȻɱӣֿѹ٣ǵĶһͣһ˲侹̧֮ղ֮࡭
ৡ
ʱץסʱһһһ£ЩħӰǱǸΪĹ
£ǷԽһЩչֳĹҲ˲١
˵Ĵ˳֮£ѹԲעʱ򣬸һһǿĳվǰĺ¸׵壬ҲԽı͸һЩ
ŴŴš
ļƿؿռУռ֮Ѹ͵ıռѹ֮࣬ǳһռУϵħӰǵĹ϶УΧƣɫΪѿʱʱиޱĺâ
ô벻һжΪ
ϾղǿԿռġ
ֻһ벻ͨǿŰɫӵʲô
Ѫ飬һѪɫһɫǸ뵽ǰѪ飡
ı仯ԼҲţ
ϾѪ鶼ѪµѪ飬ôҲ˵Ѫ鳹ʧѪǸļһôҲļѪˣ
죬۷壬ڶ˵ضһõ飡
ڣĿռѹռе˫عУȻԳ˼ǱټΧħӰǵĹȴҲû̫˺ǻܹһЩ쿴ĸüͷ壡
Ĳ֪ʵǿķ׸ô죬޿ռ䶼ˣȻû취Ǵȥ˺ڣڼΪ벻ʡ
׻ô죿
üͷ壬˼ϡ
ҪǣǷʵ壬¿ûʲô𣬿֮Ĺƣʲô̫Ӱ죬֮ǰԺ֮ʱʩչնɿһ
ԣƽЩֶΣ˿̶˵ȴҲ̫á
ǴȥһЩӰ죬ȴҲսʤ֮

첻ɵÿЦһ£Ϊε˦˦ͷ
ء
ʱѩȴǺķɵĻУĵͬʱȴ˼
˲һ𣬲ɵϳɫȥȡ֮ϲ
ˣѩƣлл㣡
챧ѩһڣɫ˲Ȼ˫ӡܿıΪģΧ·յĳǣλû۶
䣬ۣԪӿУٵֳһ޴ĺڶ
ͬʱͷϿգһڰ׹â໥Ƶʮ㱦֣
˫࣬ʮڶ
һ࣬
Ѫ֮п˵ͬĴڣҼӵеҲֻʮһѣʮҽ˵һִ˵
ڶ࣬ڶ
˶ľѪļ֤ڶľеֱϵѪУȴֱ࣡ڶΪһڶȴΪˮ飬б֮ʱ߻ħĹܣڹ֮ʱһǸڶڹֶΣ߲ûʲôɱԣڶľ֮УڶȴҪˮһЩ
ͬ˫ˣֱ۷嵱УҲֻһˣ
ڣѩƵѣҲ޹˼ɵĽͺڶ˫඼ȫ˳
ĺڰâԼڶǿĹûʵȾ˵ȴһֳԽѰĴѩƵѣһʱ֮컹ûм
ɫ죬ڶ֣ȴļľĻָȴҲһʱܹȫġ
ҪǣʱȻƿ޿ռ䣬ľͺܴ󣬶˫֧ŸǳɱӵģȻصʵµߵƿأֱӳˡ
ѩƣ뿪һЩ
ʾ⻳еѩԶһЩһ˫ӡɲǼڶ϶ɢ˼ΪĹâҪǼתеЩڰɫâּҪһеĿֲ


1634 Ŀ־壬һ
һɲǼ䣬·оֻʣһˣ
ȻͷϵʮԼҪһеĵڶڶ
ɫȻ˼㣬еԪȫתתУΧϷĺڰɫĹâ·ֹʹǰǺµԼһһڵħӰǷ׷սѡ
·Ƕ޷ܵѹֱָ꣬ȫ޷κεֿ˼
һ̣ɫѿ˼㡣
֪Ѿҳ㣬ȴһһĴоɢĿֲϢһǰδеĻҡ
ʱȴûиǶ˼ʱ䣡
ֻӡٴޱȻȳâȥ
µɲǼ䣬ʮϱǶȻʮڰ׷ȴ໥ƵâһƵģޱȵĳֱϮȥ
ƴԽ˿ռʱգۼѾǰ

ôʵǿ󣬾ֲҵֿѹֹ֣ͷջǷɿĶܣͬʱһһ֣ɿǵЩâ赲
һȻǶ㿪ˣȴкЩħӰĽУҲܹâĹҲûжЩħӰ̫˺
𡭡
ţצƽУЩħӰǷ׷׼˿Ǿ岻ѣһһĿƣͺµԶˡ
ʱܶܲЩâûиκλᣬĿ£ܹĵ·ȫâĹУǳֻСΧڽж֮⣬κηʹĳЩ⹥еֿʱ䶼ûС
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첻òϣǿȷϣɫѿѣ
ϣԶٿһЩѪϱʵɫΪҲѪϵķѪӰνҲΪԼѾ㹻ӣɴӽЩӻǾԺܲģ
κƻڣɫâƵ۾˸żΪĺâ
ҾͲˣǣ
һٴӡȻͷϿշֱǰͷϣĿ£һ߼תһȴۿɼٶȱڳ֮˶Ըܵǿѹܿռ䶼ܲסƵġ
ѩһԵ˼£һһȻ֮ʹ˿˵ħӰǷ׷ٴԶ룬צƽǹԹԵķɻصѩվȫһСܵģ
ѹ
ȻȳɲǼɢâӿֲҪȴǣǺȴһɫڲӣռ伷ѹ֮ƽΧĿռ֮⣡
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ģЩôģȻֶζ֪
ʱ˿̣ѹʩչУϵذһɫѿ˼㣬·һռ䣬ǿĿռԼѹ֮תԵʮּѣڲϵǿ֮ǰڼ˸Σ޷ı˺ܶܶ࡭
ŴŴš
ܿռ䷢Ħһռѷ첻ϳ֣Ŀ£˵ڳѹȥҪǳѹ׵˼
ڸܵǰδеΣѪռУڱչصѪҲܵӰ죬ȻѪɫ˫Ǳޱѿ
ô£
ѪϥǾѾһ˿˿Ѫ
΢ĿһǵϵٴѪȴһĨâôǸ죡ôôǿĹֶΣ
Уڻ֣ܳ
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쾹ȻĳֶΣѪת飬ɹѪ϶ޱɱ
Ѫ飬Ѫ飬Ѫ飬Ѫ
һֱһѪ֮ԼѪԼͳΪĿ꣡
ѪӵѪѪ飬ľѪ飡
Ѫ֮ǱĿȫǣѪβŭ
̧ǰе죬Ѫкâһ죬Ҫ


1639 ɱ
ɱʱѪϷӿϢ·Χ¶ȶ˲½£ԭȶĿռ䣬Ҳٴβѣ·ӦѪϵɱƵģޱϢ
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1640 أϣ
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أ˵еһˣһУҲԿŵϺţǵһŵ治˵˵ѵģ
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ΣգҪɱҡУؽΪ޴ĺ󻼣
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ѪɫΪⲻǼ򵥵׽٣Ȼ׽ٵۺϣ
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˵ЩǾ仰С֣Ѫ϶ʱ˫һУâ˸ѡ
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Ͼ˭ܲ£ʵԽǿ˱ܹԽã˭Ըȥأ
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̶ֳȵ׽٣㵱ѪԼҲûжٰնɹ
죬Ǽ͸ǲˡ

ѪϳĬȴǺſЦЦгŶѪϵĳŪɫˮѾǴ⣬ɲ׽ٶҲͰˣҪĳɹɽ٣ôһͬڣ
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ʱ˿̣ӿ֮ղŸΪֲѹ˷ֶͷϿյĽƸǷݣ·ŭ𣬵ȴʱȥһ
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·ϣѪüһ֣˵׿⣬׽ٻὫǣС
ԼãϾǲƳãʵףǱǣ˷׽٣Ǿ㲻ɢҲˡ

Ц쳹ΧƬɽɽΪģԲٵ˶׷ɫ䣬оֲֿѹǣȴֻܰסڵǿҺ棬ҿɽ벽һЩɽеǣһһĽˣȫ˿ͣ
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1641 أ£
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Σֱҵ˼㡣
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վûǱ߰·Ѫϣ˵Ī㻹Ҫû٣ɱ֣Ͳ´ȥЦ


1642 ϷŪѪϣŭɱ
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ϾУٵʵǿԽԽԼ档
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Ѫһʳָ˻Σĵֻһӵʱ䣡˵ɣ㵽˵ʲô
һӣҲδ̫С˰ɣ
ûĳѪϵһۣҲҪʮӣŶʮӰɣ
ڻʮ룡ʮģʮ
ѪϲδǣԵô
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æ߾˫֣ʵʵ⣡һȻǶʶˣһ֪ʲô֣㶼֪ҽ죬ǲЩƽ
ǰɣ
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ǣȴı˲סʵĲֺòã
һˣڶ˳һ£㻹ʮ룡Ѫ˵

ЦãѪȴϷʣ쿴ĸ
ðɺðɣʲôεҡҡͷʵ
䣬㣿Ѫһ֣ػص
㲻˵
۾һģѪЦҲû˵Ҫشɣˣ㻹ʮ룡
һ㵽ϹʱڱģǽѪ֮ĴУٴʵ
£
Ҳ£Ҳͷ£
ͷߣѪϼֱһʯͷֳӲ
һӵʱ䣬ôȥˣ첻ûеõһش𣬷Ūƣ
ˣһӵˣ
ѪϵԵ죬ɣ
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죬ѪϿͲԼĶ֣ҲȻԳ֡
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һĻȴѪЩŵۣôܣȻȫʢ״̬ѵڸղŵ׽вδˣ
˴Ѫϵɫʮ벻ԼղűϷŪˣ²Ǹİ׳أ
ԣ
Ȼ䣬ѪĿһľ׽ٺ׽һ֣ǱԳ֣Ҳ϶һЩ֪飡Īǣʲôر
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Ͼ׽аȫµ˲٣˵ˣһûУƵõʲôȴǴδţδ
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Ȼ䣬ѪȻڣ˺صࡣ
Ѿָ˺ܶ˿̵ȴٴθֳ˼ְ͸֮ɫһ¶ŭɫĶǰӰƮص죬޵ҧҧ
ʱ죬֮ǰ޿ռеʱǿ˺ܶ࣬Ȼôôʱܵƣ
ôˣ
ɱУȴǺЦЦѪʵ
ǽ׽ʱʹõرտԷһҳŵڲȥ㣬۷鷳ΣѪϵԵ
ȻĻѯʣʵϵȴ̺һ㣬úܲ
ȻȴǸΪ𾪡
ϵƽ˵Ҳ֪ʲô˼ʲôر
αװ⣿
ѪЦľ׽ٺ׽ͬʱ֣㲻ûһˣûȶصʵرͷժ㣬Σ
ûаҶͷܸȤҪժ棿ҡҡͷϷʵԵ

ĻѪкâһķһȴ˲ʶȤҪ֪ɱ֮ͬԽرȡ
˵䣬ѪǿֲƷӿգ۱㽫ȫ֣ΧĿռ䶼ȫֹ˲ܡ
ʱѪûκε֣첻Ӧ޶ɱ֮⡣
ĺǿذɣҪߣ
֣ˣڴʱѪȫʩչ֮£ǿҵĲ
ô㻹Ӧ
Ѫ۾ȻһУǿѹ̲סѪƶһָôѡ
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ʹ죡ǾóɣѪЦЦѹҲָһЩж
ŵ
аɫâһѪϺע˲䱻˹ȥ
졭
ѪϸҪߴøɾһɲǼ䣬а׹ⶸȻʢһǿĿռ֮ѪϷĿռ⧲֮ɶһ˲
ã
ѪȻɫ䣬ȴʧǰֻһϷʵĻƾҲҪҵıΣ
ЦѪϵĿҪγˮ
죡ȻһٵϷŪƤĲΪˣ
Ѫŭѵš
̺ǿԪɽ𵴣Χռ䶼סĲ
ɱһ̸ӷӿš
ҷֿ׷
ŭУѪϿٷԸͲˣܹܵĶȥ
ǣ𣡡
˿ɣæͬķ˲ƶȥѪȴԭͣ˼Ӻͬʹ˲뿪֪ȥ˺δ


1643 м˵죡
޿ռУ˲ޱȲƵһУϲһĨεĿЦ
֮ǰ֮Ѫϣ֮սһٴγ˸ǿĴݲУ֮ûһõĵط
ˢ
ұϰ׹һѩȴʱĻС
һ֣Сһͷ˼£еƲ֪ļ˺ܶࡣ
˺ˣСһҪˣ
ЦõѩƵԴСһԹԵһǴĻ˿ȥ
϶ѪǼһţһ֮ǰ޿ռε򣡡
ۣ뵽˴ܹΣеͻ磬ֱӴصڵأ˵ȴһʮֵ˷ܵ顣
϶Σûʧȴһ㶼ڵ޿ռУӦǺܰȫġ
ʼƿ޿ռ䣬ղ⴦ռƿظ˺ܶ࣬Ȼһĸо
ڣҪԼ֮ǰ飬˵ǳԣ
Ķʼأ
Ħ°ͣĿ⳯Χȥȴ˺ܿı뵽һֹž޲״̬·ѾΧռΪһƵģ¾ȻվǶȴһǶ֮С
ѩһŴ˿״̬һ˫鶯۾Уȴ¶һĨĵЦ⡣
ˣ
ۣ鶸ȻϷ˳ԭ׹Ƶ飬ȴľ£ֱӻһû˵棬еİ׹ⶼһȫȻʧ
Ȼһ˲ʧİ׹ȴͻأ֣һȴΪĵķԲǧ֮ڵء
֮ǰΪսԵʱݻٵĲӣЩصǹƣһõĵطȻʱڱ׹֮Щؾ·ܵĳڲϵر仯ţվγʮƽĵ棬ԿһСݶڲϵðͷ
һУ˿֪ᾪأ
Щûꡣ
ֻ΢΢˫ۣǰһеʱһ֣漴ٴһӣһӱǻ·ܹ˸оʱţ֮С
⣬Ҳӵе֮һʱ顣
ʱ֮󣬱ӡмתһʱϢ·ܹ˸оĲһ㡣
ţ쿪ʼÿһȴ̤ĳֹŹֵĽڵ㣬һգʱѾ˰֮ϣ̤ĲҲǾžŰʮһ಻١
Ҫǣÿ̤һʱ򣬽¶һصİɫɢżΪŨӸһֵȫţҲֻһ˲ʱѡ
ʱ似ž
ȳɲǼžŰʮһǺƾĳƵģֱû·ǷԲǧ֮ڵĵ棬˾һĻ֮ˡ
ǷԲǧ׵ķΧڣĿѾָĵ棬ȴһСݲϵð֮Ƶģױȵǿ
⣬Ҳʹõʱ似ã
Ȼһֱ춼Լʱ似Щȱ˷ʹóȴҲ˾޴Ч
ڲһӵʱ䣬ⷽԲǧ֮ڱǴӸղŵĲƲ̲ŵҷֱƢ
һĻȴһ㣬Ҳ֮¶˼ΪõЦݡ
ʱ似Ȼ֪һԼԵʹóȴҲε˷ܡ
ʱ似ȷҸղŶ޿ռƿأȴҲӦǺģ
ŷԲǧ֮ڣȻĲƺȴǺȻһʱջڣȴһУǱû˵Ҳ֮ɻС
ͨƿأҽҵı޿ռ䣬ڷΧϻСһЩǧ׾ҵˣ
üǧ׿Щطɵһ̾
һ㣬ӦҲȥʱˣ
ʰ񣬽պú뵽޿ռɽ
ôãҲңӦΪѾͨĳⷽ뿪˰ɣΪ˰ȫټȵȣȻѪǼһʵ̫ǿˣ
Цѵҡҡͷ
ΪʵΪԺͲ۷̫ϳȣصʵѪսһҪĿԽ߳ɡ
¾콫еĵƣѩƣ˫࣬ڻһϣ߳ɵĿҲ͡

ôã
ɽ⣬³Ѫʵ
첻ܺ޺ۼӳߣ
ѪϵԵΨһĿܣѪǿռ䣬ǳԹ󣬷ѪǿռھȻѾˣҲû취ȥֻȣ죬Ҫ
˵ѪϵɫҲǱüΪ䣬ȻѾǽ쵱˿
Сӣֶηǳ֮࣡ҵǲǲ´ˣĳЩֶ룿˵
ܣ˲ƣҲԸоõѪʮֿ϶
ðɡ
²ٶԣߵĽһͬվѪȴҲǲٶ˵ǿľ˲ֻҪܹӵķΧκη紵ݶһֻСӵķ裬Ӳĸ֪
ͨǬԼѪĵ飬ѪҲǶĶ˽⡣
֪һСĲ֮̽ȷǸȫŻ뿪ҲѪϵļƻŷɽڴȴΪľܹԼ߳
ңΪ˱֤ܹţѪ֮ǰȥȻʧλãͣһ
ڣڹȥ˲ʮӣѪӿľΧȻһ󲨶϶ʱ¶ޱŲɱЦݣ죬ڳˣ
ɲǼ䣬ѪһУܵĿռǱֱȫ
ã
ո뿪޿ռ죬ȴǶȻɫ䣬Ҫǿռķ˲Ƶʱ򣬱ֻѹԽǿңȫּҪѹϵơ
죬óˣ
ĳ֣һǰǸֳĵӰѪϺ
ڽˣ
Цһ£Ƴһ۷ɢҺųǰѪȥû뵽ҹôãȻļƣһú˽⣡
ϻˣ
ѪϿûиٶ˵ʲôʱ䣬ֱԵʵ㣬ر֮ǰӦ㲻ĻǾ͹ֲñˣ
㵽ҪʲôûаЦ
ڻʵ
Щ˸ҲϹ۲ΧͼѰͻƵӣѪ˫жʱѪâһˣȻ㲻ǱԼȡ


1644 Σ۶
ȻѪ˵ûٸκλᣬʱ˿̣ܹλҲµȫЩٴеӣƲѡ
Ȼ䣬ѪȴǴԶˡ
ɲǣֻѪѪʢͬ˲һ㳯ڵλüϮȥ
ã
ɫһ䣬ǹǿĳһëȻ֮Уϵĺë׷
ȻҲζͻվǵ
۾һе˲䣬һǧýٴαУ˲˷ķɿϮֻһĹѾѪļսһ
һ֣оͨǧýһɾ޴ϮɫȻ˲䣬ȫκ˼γԱһͬʱٵתԪŽǹ͵жɼˣڸܵһ𵴡

Ѫϲûоʹ˷Ź˼һ󣬱ǶʱӴӿ˹ֻѹ˲䣬ѪϱѾ˽ǰѪȭͷȥ
ɫѿ˼㣬ٶȾȻ޷ȵѪϵٶȣ˷ѪϽŭȭͷ裬·Խܿռ䶼ȫһżΪϢ
أ
ȭһһɾϮŪ۲ܲסֱӶϵ켰ʱǿǹɾȫ⡣
ţѪһȭһȭĺ·Ȼ쵱ɳһԴһȭعһȭ͸ûиʲôϢĻᣡ
̶̲ʱ䣬Ѫȭ֮࣬ÿһȭ̺ޱǿ챻ĽˣޱʹĥԲĻ¾ͻΣ֣ȻҲԸ⿴ġ
û뵽ǣѪϵʵȻ֮ǿ
˵ʲôˣǿͨȭŹƣӦڵԪĲѾӽɡ
糱ӿ಻ĹУûκηõҩĻᣬԴʱȴֻľ飬ɼˣԽľԼڵԪģȴԾ޷õٵĻָ
ֻ˵ľһָܹǿһЩʱѣ
ûʲôĻľ潫ԽԽĻмѪС
ء
䡭
ս׼ȷ˵Ӧ϶Ǵڱľ档
ֲϵطɽɽе棬Լܲٵĸֻľݻ٣ΧռĽٿȻ԰׵ɫԼѾ˿˿ѪԽΣգ
ΧѾɢһЩʱעΪΪľǲκο˴Ļᡣ
⣬ɽд˷ǿ𶯣治˷׷׽עٴηߣ֮ǰµɱ¾ȴôҲκ֮٣ǵϵһۣͷ·ΪЩĿķֽߡ
һɭ޵ȴǵĳ֮⣬κһֿܣ
ڵ죬Խ֮С
ľģѪϺͣЪ͹ĵ׸Ϊɫѿ˼㡣
ѪϷ·ҪȭͷĽֱܹܵʹ࡭
ģ
ѪЩݣﵱǰһ
ڵ˵ȷʮֲһʱеɵĿܡ
ΣѾڴʱ׽ϡ
Ѫûκͣµ˼һȭһȭڳȭʱ򻹼Ӵȣ⼸ιУоӿֲüʱӳѾѪˡ
ˣܵҲԽԽǿԼҲԹÿһַӭѪϸҵĹƣμ˸ȴҲӲѪϵĹоһǰδе裬ԼԸǿʵľҿ
Ѫʵ̫ǿˣ½˵ʵһˣҲ˿Ϊ
죬ܰɣ
ٹȥһȭͷļѪȴǺȻŻ˹ƣһ߼ȭͷһȴԵ˵ˣձضҪƤڣʱӦòˡ
⻰첻ɫһ䡣
ԭӽֵڣ֮ѪһֱѡȭͷнĪΪֻǰԼɶ壬ӶѪܹõذǵԼƤ
뵽춼ЩëȻ
ɱ˲ͷضѣѪϵֶҲδ̫˰ɣ
ˢ
Ȼ䣬ѪϺȻȴ΢Ż˹ƣҲڹƷŻɲǣѪϵкȻֳһѪɫСûӦ֮ǰѪɫâһ͵ʹֱϵ·ƿƴСһƤֱӸ£Ѫֱ˳
ǵһ
ѪϵĵƻȸžŰʮһȻٰεƤĻ֤һܺܣŶˣҲŵֿˣ
˵ڣصȫʢʱڣҲǱĶ֣
Ѫϵ˼㣬һ˫Ѫɫӣ·ħƵģǱѪɫСɢޱɭϢ첻ɵһ
Σˣ
һҲȥѪϷϻǿ˸ΣͬʱֳǧýͼʵĲκζȴҲ޷һƬƬѪƤѪɫСߵʵ
ֻڲӵʱ䣬˫ϱ˺üƤѪӿ·ȾһѪˣμֱҲ̶ãҪȴԪѾʮأ˸ٶȺƵʶ˼㣬ֻѪϲϵǱСŸţԼǳʹĴ̼ɫȻ԰ֽһѪɫԡ
ס֣
ȻѪϿѪӣԽԽ˷ܵʱ򣬺ȻһռȻ֣ĵӰͨ˲Ƶĸ˳
˷ֱǶľ̫ϳ϶ľ֣̫ϳ쾣Լԡ

һ֣ģǷ׷ɫ䡣
ԼæȥѪϵĹסͬʱ󣬶ľ֣Լͬʱ֣ѳ
̣ˣ
ЦãԹԪЩ΢ϢǺת˺ܶ࣬ǲ԰ֽɫҲ´һĨΡ
ǼһƬƬ˿УѪҲֹסҲ΢һ

ʱѪ˵Ŀ⣬ȴǳЦ⣬ľľ֣ҵȻһˣջܴ󰡣
Ѫϣ
Է죬˫ǱĶѪϣâ˸ĵôЩ죬Ī㣿
Ȼɣ
Ѫϲδżش𣬻ںͶľֵ˼սصߣߣŭĿӵˣѪɫ˫һĨâ漴ŵԵԣ治ǵñˣ


1645 Ѫɽ£
ԣ治ǵñˣ
ѪϵĻԲ΢΢üϸѪϼۣȴҡͷֻǼǵЩϤӦɵȷûʲô̫ӡˣ
ûʲôӡ󡭡ûʲôӡ󡭡
ѪˣȴǴЦЦгһЩһЩΣԼŭ
쾣˿ɻǵң
Ц֮ѪϵĿȴתȥ
㲻Ѫ֮𣿡
һ䣬漴ƲҲʲôˣ¶֣Ǿʹͬͬ⣡
붯ȹһأľҲ֮Ե
˵ҺͶľĵһţ̫ϳ֮һǾƴһУҲһҪ֤ľ԰ȫ˵֮ҺͶľĽҪϣ
̫⹫塭
˺Ǹж
ʱȴǺǰѪüǲ󣿡
ȻʻԶǲЩ죬漴˷·뵽ʲôɼΪ𾪵Ķһۣͬʱôܣ

ѪٴδһЦ쾣û뵽㾹ȻܹǵңҾǸɱɽ£
û뵽ɣɽ»ܹҸǳΪѪ֮ͳ򣡡
ʱ˿̣ѪϣҲɽµгŲ񣬱Ѫӿһ˫Ѫɫиâ
ܣԲܣ
˫ۣͼŬɽ¿ȴҡͷһŵģɽѾɱˣһԹȥһĺѾû˵ģ㣬ôܻ
û˾Ļ𣿡
ѪɽһЦ飬ЩһֱȴҸʱܺúõر𱨴˵Ĵ£
˵ĵȻǷʱɽ˵֮ʱҧгݵģԼ˫͸¶ɱչֵ쾡£ܵ¶ȶһ˲½˱һ㡭
ʱ쾣ȴЩ֮⣡
ɱˣȥ֤ģȻܹ񣬸ΪѪֱ֮췽ҹ̷
Ǽɽµ棬ԼһЩ֣ôҲԸʵ
˵˵ɣҪôúллǣ
ѾϳԼɽµ϶ʱֳһĨΪЦݣֻɱһˣϾѪº󻼣û뵽ǾȻһˣһһľ֣ǳ
ǼȻܹɱһΣǾɱڶΣ
ȻһâӿУƷ񱬷
ʮû㶼һˣȻô񣡵Ǿ㣬Ѿ˹»ҰҲôɽƲصǲм
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Ƣױŭһ񿴵ɽ¶ĲмȻȻҲǱŭѡ
ܣ죡
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˿̣⻰ȴǶȻ۾һ·ʲôİһҲǳȥ
Լ̣ѵѪɽйʲô
Сӣʲôأ
оĿ⣬ûĳһۣŤͷɽµԵ˼ûУԼˣô㶼
ȷһֱɣ
ɽȴûԤϵеַŭԵüΪƽȻˣҾͲöˣɣְɣܻ뿪
磬㣬һϣ
˵һ̳Ǳֱڿն𣬶˫ֳֵӸµɽֱȥҪƬռ䶼ֱһһ˲ĹǱȫʵ
˵̫⹫Ǳȥ
״ԽƵ˶ľߺ쾶һۣͬʱɽֱϮȥ
һֱѪϵ˭һţ֮ǰɽȴûһ˵˼û֮ǰԶ̫ǵã
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˿ɲ˿Ĵ⣬һֱȫԸ໥ĬϣչֳʵΪֲɽܹǰߺ˵ĵ·ȫ
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Ȼɽ²ЩԼʵžʮģ
գۼĹ˱ǳ׼սһֱ˰֮Уĵż˸¾Ҳֻܿǿţܿռӿŵѹ첻ɫȻǵǡ
֮ͨǰɽµĽ֣˿̶λĵȻǲɱģ
ʱȻͶľֱֶ߶סĸоǶȻɫһ䣬ͬʱŤͷȥ
£ضǣеͣöľɫһ䡣
ô᳤úǸɽµһģһ
ǶľΪֵĵط
ΪǶǷۣص
ʲô
ľ˶ʱ۾һɣôܣ
ղţеǸɫ·˼սһ£ôҲַ
ǷֻǾʶ
ͷ漴Ѫ齲˳öľüɫҲǳ˲١
ÿһźʵ
ʱĶ»ЩΣա
ƺԼ̫⹫ĵģ΢΢һЦɢһ̫⹫ͷİɣǲᶯֵģ
Ŷ
⻰ľŤͷȥ
ȻɱƣȴҲֻضǣûκγֵ˼öľ΢һЩ
Ϊʲô֣Ҫ֪ѾˣҲܶԸֵģľüʵ
ǺǡΪµң
ǹճһаȵĻߣϸаЦ
㣿
ľ㶣ǺһЦ֮ǰ齲˳öľֱ
֪첢޵ķʸ֮ˣ¶Ҫ˵ĻЦˡ
ԶľֵʵֻǿԸһмܻܣ쾹ȻһȻ˵ʹó˫࣬ҲԼı°
һʱ䣬ľڲ̾һ£Լӵȷһδŵ


1646 Ȼȥ²⣡
ʱ˿̣ľֿĿⶼù֮
ڵǺʵľʵҲûȥҪɱ˰
Ŷأ
ʼ磬ɵػص̫⹫֮ǰãͻƵȻôͻˣ
ء
ľֻԼ·𶼿Ҫˡ
Ҫ֪ٶ갡ŵصʵأŲʮѣȽô񲻾ǻȥˣ
ң첻֮ǰذ˵ֱ磿
ҪǱ˭ţ˵ȥҪΪڰΰɣ
㰡
ľֿЦ̾ѣҡҡͷʲô˵ΨпĿԽ졣
˺˵ѾٴͻƵأأ¶ľֶԲκεĻˡ
ȿȡ
оԼ̫⹫еĹŹ֣ҲǲڨЦͷ
Ӯ𣿡
һƽһ񣬶ļ̌׳ȥĵڲ˸Ĳڽ׹䣬ǿѹûһɢĺۼ
˶ľֵĻۣ˵Ҳȷ»Ტ󣡡˵̾˿
᲻ѵһУľһݡ
ţ
ףҺѪϣҲɽµ˽֣ʵǳǿ¾ȫ֣ƴһսľģҲĶ֣ȻǿɴҵĸоȴԾɲɽǼһ
ء
ڸ˵֮һǸ߿֮϶Ȼһҵĺ죬ǿĳɽĲ·ҪɽƽһͶľֵɫ˲üΪѿ
ţǵУ쾣Լ˵Ӱ֣ɿĳͬȥѪɽ£ȴǽٶʩչ˼£գۼƷֳͬӰȻ׷쾵ˣűһ˾Ķǵļսչ
ء
䡭
ǿĹƣֲĺټϴʱ֮𶯣ֱ𺳲ѡ
Ȼ쾵˴·磬׼ƴһսʱȴǶȻһǿĳӭȥǲòܣֳܵ˼𵴣ûֱ³Ѫ
סˣ
ɽģˮȥͽյĳ𣬱Ժк񱨣
ڿռлصǽǹɾ޴׻ʱȴǷѪɽ¾ǺȻȥˣ·þͶľֲ̫ԶҲʧ
ô£
쾣ԣ˴ӰƮɶ£ȴ죬ľһЩǲɫ
벻ͨɽռ˾ԵϷ磬ôȻ뿪
ңҲ֪
Цһ£ҡͷҸղžǾǰһҲʧˣûзӦأ
Ҳǣ
ľҲ漴ʼ磬Цá
ǲǼһﻹʲôıȻ
ıǿ϶ģ
ûķһۣȴ̾ôҲû뵽ɽ¾ȻţһѪ֮
ܹҲһԣ
ؿڣ㣬Ҫ˵Ǹɴ·ֱȥǼһѪռŪѾˣҲΪ
壬
쵱ǳ˴ĴָΪɪЦ
ȻȴǺһתЦҪɴԼȥɣȻôԳڲͬأ
Сӣ뺦ǰɣ
컰еϷ֮⣬Ǵӵۡ
ˣܣҲ嶯
ԵΪô򵥣Ҫ˵ȥѪռ䣬ŲıؽǣУɽ²ǰˣڿѪ֮
Ƕ㣬˵ڸô죿˼䣬ʵ
ȡ
һĨâɫȴЩأɽµѾع⣬Ȼǲ֪ΪʲôȻȥ˷ȥ֮󶨻дļƻǱҪСģǧΪǰ˽⣬ӶӰڵжϣ֮ǧɲûеģ
ааɣľͶˣ
ʼ磬ȴǲûж˵ʲôֻϵЦŵ˵ͷ
ʲô
ڴ˵ʱȴ˳˼˷˵Ŀⶼϡ
û£
عҡҡͷȴ΢һ٣漴üͷ΢ĵѪɽ³֣ƺıֶе֣
֣
һ㶣⻰ʲô˼
һԣúϸｫɽ³֮һֱղźȻȥһжȫ˳һϸڶû©
˵֮ȴǵֵĵʲôĪ㻹ǸļһǼ֮ǰɱˣģ

⻰ûĳƳһۣûκλӦ
СӣʲôѲ˵ˣСӡ
ҪƵģָıӣȻû˵꣬ȴǰֹֽ˼˵ɽһֱûȫ

ͷӦһʼȫҿͳһʬ壡仹ĴڣѩưæҲܼôá

Գȴֵ˵ΪʲôҪ飿Ѳɣˣ

⻰ʱͷߣԼ֮һ㳤Ӷûа
ʵǲǻһֿܣ
ڴҶЩ֮ʣȴǺ۾һǾ޷ȫʵ
Сӣ˼˵Ǽһﲻȫܹ˴ܣ۵
ܣ
ٴһ䣬ٶԵ㬱졣
˵ȥԵ
ţ
ͷѪϲĴ֮ǸĳˣټһֱҲǱĸ󻼣԰ǾԲģ
ˣ΢һٺ˫΢ԵԾҲ²⣬ֻһֿܣ
ʲô
˵쾣ԣľԼ㬲ѵϸš
ǾǡҶȫʵ˵޷ȫʵ˵

һʱ䣬˶Ĭ
ȴҲòϣĲ²ȷе
΢˼Ƭ̣Ժ˵Ǿ룬Ϊʲô
ҾͲˣֲǡ
ЦҡҡͷȻҪ˵ֲѪϵʱȴǺһ٣૵Ѫ顭ѵ


1647 عң𵴣
ʲô
˼˫ۺȻһӣԵ˶ʱ׷ʵֱ㶵Ķ죬첻һĽͣ㲻ݵ˼

ôţ첻εһЦ漴æԵҵĲ²⣬֮˻ӦѪķйأ
Ѫ飿Ѫ֮һ
⡮Ѫ顯֣Ƕʱ۾һС
Ϊ̫ϳϣ߶ľ壬ѪİȻǴϹʱڻڣҲܽʲôм䣬ڸ伮ص飬йѪµģǶ޾ϸ˽ѪȻݺӣ
ѪѪ飬Ѫ飬ԼѪ飬ѪΪģڵʲôãҲ̫˵
ף漴ԵѪѪƿѪռĸѾУѪ飬Ҳ֪ǼһǴӺδõѪþƷ
Ʒ
⻰һȲ׷ʵСӣ˼˵֮ǰͨѪƳģ

ɫͷӦ֪ж٣϶Ի࣡
Ϊʲô
æʵûشȴ˵ΪɽºзһôѪռûʲôפأһ㣬Դŵķʽ֪ͨûУѪռ佫ʲô
Ŷˣ
ȻĵԴ漴ȴʵô֪ΪѪͷ飬ɽǼһﲻȫ֣
ǰ֮ѵʲô
Ҳɻѡ
˵֪õѪʱ㲻ֻ̫һ̵꣬ʱ䣡Ѫĸʶķ̿϶ΪѣҲضܴ󣡡
˵ûȫָԽӿڵ
֮⣬ʵ벻ʲôˣͷӦ

Ժȴǳһż˵ǲǿԳô˻ᣬһٽѪռ䣬Ѫȫ
⡭
⻰첻ɫһԾЩȣȻû뵽Լ̵ĵӻô
ɿɣҾ˵ǸɴֱӳȥˣҲԵ
ȷ룬֮£ɽ»ȥ֮󶨻ǻҪԷΪ
˵Ͼǻôˣң˵ʵѪռǱҲû취ٴνȥ
УȻȥǻаɷţǺһ𣿡Եͷʵ
һɣ̫⹫أһ䣬ֳľʵ
ҲȻضľ壡
ðɣ
գǳķ˲ƶȥľҲǺܿĻص˱Ķľء

ʲô֪ˣ
ƵУλڴˣѪɽµĽЩͬʱȴҲǷ׷׵ͷɫΪء
ȥϵ۷ͬʱ˵

ҪȥԺĽסɽǰ飬Ҳһ𹫲ȥ伮мصģһˣȥķģ
ף
ԵѣͷӦ漴ſ첽뿪
ʱŭݣĳԨȴҲǷ׷ǣǶףѪϵʵݱ¶ò˶ñӭһϵļս
ԣǴʱһҪȶüģһȴҲҪó׼սٻԵ̫æ
ʲô㣿Ƕ뿪ųʵ
ҵ߰ɣ
ǺǵЦЦҲжʱûˣȥңĻһҪȥݷһˣ
ݷһˣЩ΢
ţ
ףЦŵӦ֪ȥԸѪʹǬʱǬǱ̴˵ģҪݷõ˾أ
̣˵ǰ
Ҳ˵˵޿ռе飬ҲȻеġָ̡˭
ţ
ͷҪȥǬûʲô˵ģϾѪʹѪµ˽϶Ƕö࣡
ʱ˵첻뵽˱īƲ֪ȥδٻŮҲЩεһ̾
УԼŰɣ
ЦЦļ˵׼ȥչؼգɽ½Ȼû೤ʱ䣬ȴҲϣܹαչضЩͻưɣ
ţ
ͷ漴Ŀλ뿪Ƶڴһȥ
жʱû׼ȥݷһЩˣƽȵȣҲҪ취ǿʵѪѪսĻҲܹЩԱ֮

ʲô
һʱ䣬ôȥ
ڶһ磬רԺгԹ緹֮ȴǺȻүүԨеƵУü˵һϢɲǣȴ˲䱻סˡ
Ϣܼ򵥣Ѫʽˣ
ʲô˼
Ҳ˵ѪѾϣҴӪɽУ
̶һʱ䣬ɽټΧѾѪµĵ̣κҪ룬⵽в߸ɱۡ
˭Ҳû뵽ģ
ңϵλ׼Ϸ˵ѪϵݣԼڸأѪжУ֮Ⱥ֮
Ѫ´˾٣ȴ
һʱ䣬㽫ɽռΪУֱǳϣû˻뵽Ǹô
ôʵ
Ϊ쾣ԼڱչأҲֻôһλ̫ϳˣ´ӱ˵ȷ̫ϳϵݣȴû˸Һӵġ

λϣȴǾþû˵ɫȴԽأƺѪ´˾ٵᵽ˲ͬѰζ
ʲôԨߵ£ʵ
үү
춼һŻعüͷ΢ĵѪЩѰ룬ûô򵥣
ǲδڣĻ
Ȼ΢һٺǼ˵Ҫһ㣬ҪŪʲôѡɽ
ǲΪ޿ռ䣿Ԩӿ˵Ҳֻ޿ռѪϣҲǸɽµļһȤֻ޿ռ䱻ƿأֻȽǸطռˣȻȥģ
пܣ
ͷ֮⣬ȴǻһֿܣǾɽЩʲôĵطǲ֪ģǬɽ£Ƕɽʮ⣡汾ʲôܣǿҲ֪
˼ʵ
΢΢һЦ豭һںԵҴȥݷ̵ģǲòھȥˣ


1648 ݷ̣
ڣ۷Уʸϵһλ̫ϳϣֱݶޱȺ棬ȴҲ˽⡣
ϴɽе飬ۼ̺ùôϤҲԽľԺ棬ЩʱڻɣǲˣƫƫļУȴûй
ȻϤԼ֪Ϥȴһֱļ⡣
첢֪ڵסںδҪȥݷãΨһ;ʹڽĴ
ڴƵ뿪ԥĽ˳漴ԪУһǿҵĿռ֮Уֿķӣ漴ʧǰ
ˣҲȥæԼİɣ
֣Ȱ֮ǰȥ죬Ҫɽģ͵˵
ŭԼԨȻûʲôܿǸԴƵ뿪ˡ
죬ھǴĴͺȴһռζֻǰһǻ˲䴫ޱŨķҷƢ鲻ԽһҲ֮¶һĨõЦݡ
⻨㣬·ܹڷã
ȶκɽҰĸɫܣԼ۴ڵ⣬ΪȵŴͣ޵һĻ
ʲô˰ʲô
Ȼ䣬ΧʱһŮȻĶС
һæȥǻһԼĪ꣬ͬްСŮ鶯Ĵ۾գѽգѽģһϲʡ
Ȼȫͬȴ·ǰɵѿڶ
ʲôѽҲŲأ
СŮһŻһȴָ죬С죬һ׶ģι㻰أ˭ѽôǲˣ
׶񣬵ʵȴֿɰ
СŮϴŵĻȹӣܵĻ໥ӳģСŮƵģжɰˡ
Сãʲôְʵ
ҲŲ㣬ҽзأ
СŮҲ죬˵˵ˣкܶ඼Ǵ󻵵Ǵ󻵵𣿡

ЦãԽϲЦ㿴󻵵𣿡
񣡡ԥĵԴ
ۡ󻵵Ҫץˣ̡̣̾
ûٶ˵ʲôǴųԶȥ쾪ǣܶУȻԱĳȶ÷ٶȱü죬䣬Ǵߵʧˡ
⡭
쿴΢΢һڷݸޱȵĺ档
ǣﲻӦ̾סĵطѵ˵СѾͷ˵ָ̣ḷ̌
ԭؿЦ°˼֮ʣȻȴϤԶĴô뵽ˣҲǰ˵һ㿴Ƿųʲôˣ
ڴ˿ŸղǸСѾͷʵķɹЦӯӯ죬ǴȰ
ҪǣǷ˫ֱסڵĲӣһģĿһּæͷȥģֱ޾±֮˵Ҫϧ֡
̣
ҲǼæ߹ȥЦǺǵһ˷ʵ̣ǡ
󻵵ô֪ҽзģ̧ͷ˫ۣǾ;衣
ɵӣԼ˵ȥģ
СԴ˵УĴ磬죬Ǻˣ
ŶŶ
һô˵еľ˲ȫɢڻȥܵǰԴҵĴ죬˼Ȧʵ磬̵ʲôѽǵڶμأءǣ͸Ƕأ
⻰˵ԻˣСѾͷ˼
ˣԹԵԼȥɣ㻹ҪأһķСƨɣ˵
̣֪Ŷһģ
СѾͷȭͷ˻ӣ漴˵һ磬ټ֮󣬱ǰһЦԶĻȥκ͸ղһܶʱ򣬱Աĳ򲻶ȶ
һĻɻ֮ɫˡ
ɣ
ڼ֮ȴ΢΢һЦҲδͣкһͬʱķȥ
нԶȴԾɿǷЦܹ飬һ档
˰СʱһɽǰԺС
Ժͦģ洦ɼɫܣװȴΪţԴ֮С
Ժ䣬ڵк£Ҳ
κȻң²ǿô򵥰ɣЦŸ쵹һ裬ʵ
㰡
ʣһ̲סһ
ȻǷĹͣ
ӯӯЦ˵Ƿժ˾žŰʮһֲͬĻ꣬һֶβģ
ܸɣ
Щȣ಻ķȻܹƲգȷݲ˲ȡ
ˣ̣ġ
ЩɣҪʳеɻ
𣿡
ںǺһЦû˵꣬Ե㿴Գ򣬺֣
ţ
ͷʵһֵĵطǾȻӷϸо˵Ϣ֮У²ˡ
һۣƺ룬ɣȴԵĲˣϹĳ䣡

⻰춸Ȼȵ춼Ŵˡ
һôɵСŮȻĲˣϹ
̣ȻܹΣʵôȴʵ
ܹĸоʵ಻൱Ԫ۷壬޷ʥ֮ȡ
ǺǣкܶӦûôʱȥɣЦŻص´пˣϸ˵Σ
ҲãҲã
ͷǷԶĵ˫Уæͷẓ̇ʵҹȷһǳҪ飬Ҫǹڡ
Ǭйأڽӿڵ
ǵģ
Ҳûͷ֮ǽ齲˳Ҳü΢û뵽ѪУԵƬ̣ǬֻҪʵģұ֤֪޲޲
ǣл̣ȻЩڵĻ컹ͷʾл⡣
Ǻǡ
ڰڰ֣ʾ첻ض漴ָһһԪԶԵǬܿˣʲôֱʱǣ
ǣ
ͷӦȻͷԾкܶɻ󣬿ȴҲδʣΪףҲ͡
ؼǴǬ˽⵽Ѫµ飬Ҳһ̣Ժ˵ǡ


1649 Ǭת
ˣˣ
ʱǬˡ
Ǭɫƽҹ˳һ㶼֮ǰ䣬ϵѪɫϢ΢࣬ϸ۲Ļ¶Ȼ벻ǸѪʹ
Źȥôһʱ䣬Ǭ֮ı仯·ԶױˣԼ̵ֶθ
ǬɲǣȴҲЩãȴҲܿƽͷ󣬱ǹվںǰ֮ǰȣֱˡ
Ǭ⼸ı֣Ҷܲ
Ǭȴͬǰ㣬¶һĨο֮ɫĻԵϣıˣǹƭң
˷ģǬѾ׹ȥĴҲصޣǬʱӦ
ܺã
ףҪһЩѪµ׸ôɣ
Ǭף
ǬǺԥӦ£ŤͷٷԸ
ǾͶлˣ
ȻǬı仯ʦϣҲòмӡ
ٿˣ
Ҿֱˣ
ЦЦϣѪ¶೤ʱ䣿
жʮңǬص
ʮ꣬Ҳˣ
ףֵǲ֪ϣɷϸϸĽһ֪Ѫ£Ѫ֮ɽ£
ɽҵǲ֪Ѫ֮û֪֣һֱϳƺ
ǬЩ죬ʱܿٴƽ·˵˵һ˵ȻѪʹȥѪռĴȴǼ٣ʮһҲʮΣⷽ棬û취̫İ
Ŷô٣üëһ
ǵģ
ǬֵüΪϣҲܹҷֱ棬Բ٣ʶͷ֪Ѫµȫ˵
ǣ
ǬӦŵ漴ǰ㣬û˿ڲصĽ֪һһֻҪ֪ģ͹֪޲޲ȴҲûκδϵϸϸţʱʱͷǬľ޴ת䣬Ҳʮ⣬Ҳ˴г̵ջܴ
һ㽲˲ʱ
Ѫڲϸ¹ʵԼڻԪ½Ѫļʮ⻹бѪɽ˵һЩƻЩǬһĽ˿ûһ
٣Ҿ֪ôˣʱǬͣ
ллϣ˵ЩĺãЦŵͷ
лл
Ǭ֣漴ȴ¶ԥĵ٣֮ǰȫҵĴ޹أǸĺӣ֪
ܺãıǣЦ
ǾͺãǾͺã
ǬһҲǸֳһĨĸм
⼸Ǭһֱĵı࣬ĻȻǷĲ١
㻹ʲôҪʵ𣿡Աߣһֱû˵ڿˡ
ûˣ̣
ţ
ڵͷֵǬȥɣס˵ĻҪţĲǱˣԼ
ǣˣǬףǬˣ
ǬӦŵͷʾ֮Ź뿪ˡ
̣ò˵ĺأ
Ǭ뿪ڣ˴ĴָЦŹȥ̶̼գϺ񳹵ױһˣղ˵ʱҶܹоѪµַʹޣ
СӣЦ𣿡
ûֳ̧һ£漴ɫҲ΢֪ʵǬҲǸܺߣ䱾ģǼΪģһжѪϣҲ˵ɽ¸Ĺ
Ŷ
⻰ʱüëһ̣ô£
Ժ֪ˣ
ȻȴδིڰֺǵһأգΣ
ⲻðɣ
Цһ£̫࣬ҡ
նѣʲôֵ鲻˶ʱģ
û˵꣬ڱǶȻˣôˣСӣģѲһẦ𣿵չȥ뿪󣬾ͻˣ
ðɣҾʹˣҲЩΣջǹԹԵӦ
ǺǣŶߣ̴㵽ߣ
ڵҲǸֳһĨЦݣ漴ǵ֣һȥ
ʱУܻУΧױȵ·񶼵õƵģǲͻƵصʵ磬һƼľٶԽȶ緢Ҳ֮øӳ࡭
ǰҵһҩԣ
ָǰԶգȥƽ׵һҩԣЦŶ˵˵иӽģóö֮԰ɣ
ţǸʦѧϰģȻ˵ȷųڳ˵֣ЦŵͷӦ
Ǿˣ
ںǺһЦȻһὫÿֳҩĶȡݣȥ֮øɣһ⣡
⡭Ҿллˣ
챾ܾڵӣվܾĻû˵
ǺǣؿȻһ׼˸ѣԼƵ뿪֮ʱ˳һǣֻЩǽ˵̵ƫأЦ˵
˿ҲǿЦãһƥҲǸУһȺҲǷţҲʹ漴ͷӦͬʱҲٴδŮڵлЦݸࡣ
ִȥطߣʶ⴦֪ںδռеĲʤֱ۽磬ȴָоռƺЩϵֱȻ߹˲ٵĵطȴԾкܶûȥ·ЩûȥĵطƬռĹؼڡ
ڲȥܶ˵ʲôأ
գǻǻص֮ǰǸԺ䣬ʱѾڷź˲ٵķˣνɫζȫñһԻ쿴ۻϲڵһк£Ҳͺĳ
Щ˲ζãл̺Ųٵ븹֮ʱоԼ߾һůĻУ˲õ˼
̣Щ쾪̧ͷڡ
ܲɣ
΢΢һЦһ߼вˣһ΢촽˵ЩزأȻ޷ȵҩȴ֮ҩգʳõĻȶǿ壬ôܶأ
ô桭
쾪Ȳѣڲ˵ӣҲûٶʣܿרĵļţһӷ˲ȫһ˵Ķӣ̲סĽ˺üãڿЦ棬˼ֵĴ֮ɫ


1650 뿪𾪣
Ըһ裬֮ǰȵ֣Ĵ޾ͼûͣ
̡̣
һ裬ԶԶ
СѾͷȶԱĳ򣬷ɿ˽һӱ˵ڵĻУĴ̣ҵѾŶҪôѽ
ˣһٸ㽱
ŷһڣЦ
ţ
ԹԵĵԴ漴ȥԴ۾ģʵ磬̶Ӳ÷ȥأ
ðɣ
Цŵͷ漴ȴʵΪʲô÷ȥأ
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1651 ֮֮
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΢΢һЦһȥӭӣΣ
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1653 쫷ػΣ
ڶԴ̬ȣĪɽϹԶԴǶľƺͻʸ̬ȴҪƽһЩ¶ľ⹫ⷽ棬ϹԶûԵж֮
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ʵ֪λţʲô飿쫷һˮˮҲûʲôλֱԣܹæģȻܾ

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1654 ϣټƣ
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ԣһʱƵٴΰҲ֮ࡣ
ȣԾɱ̬쫷ֻǴЭԻȫʩΪ֤ҵİȫĪɽ˵
˻֮УԾֻἰңڶľ壬ʸ壬ԼѾѪؼҺԼңȴ˿δἰ
⻰Ҳöľƺͻʸü
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ѪѾչǰɽ¸ͬƵĽ֣һһŲҰܼʱĽȥ²õĽҪٶԸͲܲˣ
Īɽ˵ҲӮ˴ҵͬ⡣
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Īɽź룬˵ֻ֣ϣ
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ѪѾ϶ӵˣҪľǵţѪµȫ֮У޷չ
ȻѰһᣬչжȡһԽȫһ
Īɽ˵ţҲǷ׷ü
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ܹȥȻɽŪĻ⻹Ͱˣ˭ұ֤Ļ
׻˵úãǧǱһʧ΢©һ㣬˵һЩʲôǷٲ֮أ
λҵĻһڽʱУÿṩһЩѪµϢܹʱƿأ
Īɽ˵漴ȴŤͷȥ˵㻹ĻȪЩ˶ɣǱߣò˶þͻᱻˣΪѪ²֪Ȫ˵Ĵ𣿡
ðɣ֪ˣ
ЩĪɽϢͨ΢˼֮󣬻ǵͷӦ
Ī֣˵ÿ춼ṩ鱨˵ѪڲӦˣʵ

ĪɽͷҲ漴˵֪Һƶܹ˳ĽѪռ䣬ҲĪүү²ϧæⷽ棬ǾԿŵģ
Ǿͺãˣ֪Īֿɻʲộ쫷ҵػӦòֹЩɣͷȴʵ
ǺǣȻֹЩ
ĪɽصЦЦЩ飬ڴ֮ǰҲҶ˵Ψһܹľǣаҵкܶ࣬쫷粻۵һˣ
˻һôҸΪ𾪡
ľȴǲЩºҡ
ûĳ֣ûľصĽϣ¶ľ廹ĻΪ۷֮׶Ҷ֣㵱ʱǻĿռһϷ磬һ쫷֣Īɽİڰҵ˻ôǶľܹӦ
ҲǾԲܵģ
ҲҺãľƼʱĸı˶Դҵ̬ȣΪһӵԵʣľҲദǢκ϶Ĳ룡

ĪɽϹԶ뿪ˣûд̫ãϹԶûȥһۣǵˣȥ˺δ˵֪춼ûߡ
ȴ˻һҪǽ޷ˣ
仰Ѿ㹻ˣ˵Ǵʱѩ̿
쫷ȫæζԸѪҲӲٵİա
ҪǣĪɽ鲻˵𣿰аҵĿɲֻ쫷磬ȻЩ֪˻δΣǻһֱôǱȥȻܣ
ԣĪɽϹԶŰݷãҵĶøΪǿʢࡣ
תۼ䣬չȥ
ͬĪɽ˵ǵõΪ׼ȷϢѪµжǲ˵ָƣ֮ǰ˵ȴҪӵһЩҲǶ쫷ĸ˲١
֮⣬һУҲǴŻȪ˵𽥳˻ɱҪ֤Ѫµע⣬ֳȴǼΪ»һʱղܹ˶ȫ롣
ΪȪ˵ȴ˱ʵãźһİ÷ŮҪһˣŪЦá
ò˵ڿ񽣴˾٣컹Ǵĵͬģ
ְְ֣֡
һȥʱ֣ԺкȲʱһȴǣֵ˻һһҵֱſĴϣָԺЦĵְ֣㿴˭ˣ
𣿡
һ£ȴǼһŮӻ룬Žɫɫ໥Ƶȹò㵫ȴһ˿ĸ䣬ҪǣȻûдЬӣôŽţǽ۰СѾڵϣɾһ㳾ĺۼ
һˣһûˣ
ɫһݣǲ֪ôأûκ˵ע⡣
ǡվֵ
죬ò㲻ʶˣŮӵ˵ǰ
ʶң
һŮֳĽ¹Ӱ񣬲ɵþƣô㣿Իûˣ


1655 ޻ƣ֮Σ
ûǱΪ¹ʥޣֻǰʱ򣬻ƶԱǰէһƻûεģβȣ
һֱ춼ûʹǷܹûˣһֱΪǲܹ˵ģʶ˷֮ȴҲǾȲѡ
ǣ
ƲƲ죬ֱԺ£СһǴ컳˳ȥʮǵܵߣ֣ԵüΪ׽

Żǰӣ컹ЩЦáҲϰ˻̬ȣҲûκε벻
֪ʲôǰ˵ΪĳЩԭǲ𣿡Цʵ˳ƵһȲ衣
ǰ
Ľӹ豭һڣƼƲڲһˣڱǰöأ
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ԣüëһȴǶȻ۾һĪѾ쾧ˣ
쾧ǵư˹Ѱҵģ޷˱ڣ
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ĻƵ¶һĨЦݣΪã漴ȴֱЩԥƬ̺ǳͷ죬쾧飬Ҫٴл
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ͷʾף˶ٺֵˣһ飬Ǹ쾧ǲ㳤µģʵõֵʱ򣬾ܹоԵƺΪ׼һ
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ӦСһʱ˷ܲѣֱ㳯ȥһǿЦãֻҡҡͷʼ׼ҪĶ

ʲô
պ󣬵רԺвãֻҪԺ䷽Բ֮ڵˣһŭĺ
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֮ͨ˴Ϣ˵ǿƿصĻȪ˳ͽָŻȪ֮𽥳תƵĿ񽣣һʱ֮±ͽƴˣǿ񽣷Ӧʱһ֮ˣа÷ŮʱˣڶѾһ߾ʬˡ
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켱æƣǸǧΪȶһ±𵴵ڸ
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ţǵģݴϢ˵ˣͷӦ
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ۣâ˸ʵղ˵ˣ
ţӦòᣡ
ͷֻΪǱߵܵ˼ƣϢҲ̫ԾҲˣ
֪ˣ
עһǱߵһϵ˰æһ𣡡
õģȥˣ
ţ
뿪ıӰһǿԼƽ
ȪǱ߳ͽÿܵˣȵȷû뵽ģҲʧ󣬿ǵ鲢ȫ档
ǣԿʥʵټϻз裬÷˵İҲ򵥣˵϶Ǿӽ񽣣ܹÿûоʶˣ
˾Բ࣡
ΪЩʱûȥעȪ˵ԵʲôпܣҲһʱ֮޷ֱ档
ȻҪģȴҪĽǴʲôΣշ
Ѫµ˹治򵥣˵
뵽ĳֿܣɵ۾ٴ˸ΪĺâܵԺ䶼˲뵽һ㣬Ũɱ˸
ͽ˭һ֪ˣضֻ·һ


1656 ֮䣬ľ
ҳȥҳȥ
·ϵԺĳУ˲ϵĴǽķţǷΧרŲ󷨣Ȼˣǡءͷ֮˵ĺͨ󷨴˳ȥ
˲Ǳˣڼҵ죬ҲڼҼӦԪ֮ӡ
ͱĥˣ
ʱЦѣһİ˵ǲǼԸˣû׿֮ǰôҲܳģҪˣǼѱ
ǰΪʲôҪôǿһжΪãֺαأһҲȰ˵
Ƕұ죡
˵Ļ쵱ŭȻʲôˣȴҲʲô壬ʲôӯ˻ȪˣѪ£͵Ϯֶÿ񽣴ˣû´ĻӦǴȥ׷ɱ˰ɣ
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֮˵Щ¶ף¾֪Լģ
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òУȻӡ˵˵ӳȥˣ߳ŵʵûС
񽣴磬ҶԲ㣡٣һΣ
űߣ𣬻оǶԼӦԪԹޡ
ؼǵã֮ǰӦԪԴ͵ϮǣѾڰ˲ٻȪ˵ˣ֮˴˴ҴӶݣ׷·Ȫ˵ĸݵضһУʼٸ߶Ѫ£ĸӦԪ
켫ȴĶձӦԪӡ˵ѺڴˣΪ˷ֹӱţΧ󷨣
˵ڵˣʵȫʢʱڵҲ޷뿪
Ҳһȥ¿񽣵ˣͬʱ챨ŵ죬֮أֻͬһһֱѺڴˣһ취롭

ȭͷҧгݵĵҲôȥһҪ취֪ͨȿ񽣴ǣȻľˣ
ڡ
˴ͷԼ˿ֻͨ΢ǿһЩ壬ͷɥ̾һΪ
Ҳûмװƭ˿ţ󷨣޷߳ȥ뿪Σ
һʱ䣬ȻⷿеһУǾ÷·һǳԼһĳͷͬҲһֶĵ׵ļĴݲС
֪ȥãȻһ˵ĽŲԽԽ漴Ҳǹμ
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ӦԪǰȥݷ֮ʱ࣬˿̵һ˫ȴԵ˺ܶࡣ
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죬𣿡뷿ڣӣӦԪһĨâʵ
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ӦԪߵǰ£ΪôΪڼң룬ֻҪһͳôڼұһָĹʱ򻹲Ҫ÷ҪꣿĵĸǸʲôãѵΪ֮
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ӦԪȻվֱ㳯ȥɣʲôʱͨٳȥҪһ벻ͨǾ͸һֱ찡죬̫ʧˣ
ҲʧѾǰǸף
һĴӦԪȴǽŲһ٣㡮ءһŹرա
ҿҪˣҰǵƤ
ǣ
ӦԪˣȴֻܼǵΣȴǺڷڹЦЦȴ޼ʵ뱯
֮䣬˭ܶ

񽣣ô
ĳɽа˾ϴ˵ĸɢţ΢һ㣬÷ŮȴһһҵڿߣŴ˿̿ǲ԰ֽɫǾǵǲѣͲûֱˡ
û£İɣ
ЦЦΪƵԵʣһȴǣ˿ڣɵһƺߡ
Һз˺ͶүǵĵҩȻΣˣЦһ£ֵǵĵҩʣҲˣҪôȥĻҲֲ˶ã
ǰ
÷ҲһʶСΪһմѪ˵ǱҪ취뿪ȻӦԪǸͽҵΣˣƾʣµٶˣǵĶ֣
Ҫǣ֪ǵʲôǸ޷ϵˣ
΢ֱһӣЦܹϵүǿ϶оˣ

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ˣϷ𣿡
񽣺Ȼʲô͵΢һЩغ
ڣڣ
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ˣ
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м£ȥ죬զ˵
ܷԸʲô£ֻҪһüͷϷͲǵģؿڣԥĵ
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ãҴ𡭡ԣҪʲôոյͷȴ͵ɫһ䣬ʵ
ģм˵ˣȥģ
ЦЦϷ밡үģ֪ģʵίˣ㰳㣬ٶֵܣȫˣҪúõģ
Ҫʲôǲ˵ϷҿɾӦ˵
Ϸ룬ղŲǻӦ˰ѵ˵㻰۾һģɵ
ҵĻˣ貱һȴǺĵ
㰡㡭ðɣ˵𣿡
񽣿Цãεָָ裬żһӦΪץȻвү԰ôһֱһ𣬲ȻẦǵģԣһȥ濴Ȼ㶮á
УҲͬ⣡ûȷ˵ʲô÷ǵôȥ񽣣ҪˣҺô죿Ҹ㣬Ӣ۾ԲУ
ǣҲͬ⣡ҲڱԲĵǣһӦԪ֪ǵģֻһˣԲţ
˵Ķԣ
÷ͷһ𣬲Ȼ뿪
λˡ
ʱ򣬷ȴǺĿˣǲҪ˵ˣȥɣҿݳӣ
У
񽣺ԥľܾϷ룬Ҫģ
ĶԣԲУҲ˵ĹǣҪˣĻҵģ
һ䣬漴ԥĳȥλˣУȥ׼һ£ҹʱһ׼ʱڱߣǾϱߣ


1657 ֮
Ϸ룬Ϸ롭
ڷ治ϵشţΪƵԵʣټа÷ŮǸ޷׷ȥ
˿̣ΧҲǷ׷׳˹ŷľ֮ʱЩһ¶֮ɫȫǲ뾴塣
˲Զͣס˽Ų
״񽣶ʱһϲæӴ˽Ϸ룬

Ȼȴ¶һĨЦݣЩѪ۵ӳ£ûκѿԳֲá
˵£ֻȥõģһˣݣΪǿ϶²⣬ȥȱģԾԲ뿪
Ϊɣ·˵޹صһǺǣ԰ֻȥò֣λˣӦԪǸϼһҲԲţΪԲǶֵǶˣһӦԪ
Ϸ롭

˷Щ񽣵ڳ˵۾ʪ
ס˵ģҹʱϱߣ⼸յĹ۲죬пͻ뿪ģ
λֵܣϷҺʹһ˵ˣסҵĻú׷
ǺǡˣЩˣϷˣλˣλֵܣǱأ
£ǾֱתԶȥ
Ϸ롭

Ƿ׷׳ǷıӰ׷ʲѡ
һʱ䣬˶ȫһƬУֻǷ迴ԽԽԶԽԽСӰȴڴҵԺһľǳĬޱȵĳء
ǶףȥĽһȥˡ
Ϸ롭ģһ㱨ģһᣡ
սȭͷָǶﶼ޲Ҳǽҧ촽ҧѪѶ޸оΨѾʧеķ裬ǸԼڳһּĹ裬һηš

ҹʱʱָһϢ˴ʱˣڿ񽣵Ĵ£ϱߵķٶȥҹɫڻһ飬ûκ졣
ͬʱߵķ裬ȴһ˽Ԫתǽʩչ˼£СʵȴעΧĳɽȥ
ˣ
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ӦԪСӣΪܹӳϷ𣿻ȥԮΣ
ӦԪϲģ㲻ú
һ𣬱ȻӦԪһԼȴҲͬʱ⼱ȥ
ӣҪȥȵ˼
ץס
ӦԪϾʥصʵֱǽĹɢһº˱̳֣øոշɳʮ׵ķ㱻סȴҲʼ޷Щ˵
ڵģģб¾ɱңߵǰӦԪǴ
ɱ㣿Ϊô𣿡
ӦԪЦʵ˵ڵλãϷ򻹿Ըһʹ죡ȻϷ֤
Ŷˣ
΢һ٣ӦԪǸˣڵϷȣҲϷȥģôǲǺɱϷ򰡣ûǸ£
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Σ
ûӦԪ˵꣬һĭֱ˳ȥӦԪŤͷʱҪֱµϡ

ӦԪѣ͵رһ˦ڷϣ÷ֱ³һѪĭлźüݡ
ƥ־ɱңҪҸ·Σ
ޱȼͦûκεͷĵ˼
ãϷȫ㣡
ӦԪҲûģĵúֶΣסˣһŪϷҪǰʹĲҽУ
ǣ
˽ϵԱߣеĳһһڷϴţһӱѪһʱ䣬ʮལ̳ǷʱһѪƵģּзִ磬ЧıܿЩҪҲû÷̱
ӦԪվһԣЦݣֱͲһˣ
ʱӦԪһѪħ
ڣֹʮӣۿŷֻʣһӦԪŻͣ£ߵǰĵСӣڻҪ𣿡
ۡ
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ΪϷĵΪϷ򲻻뵽֮ƣӦԪЦЦ
ʲôʲô˼
辪㵵ĵɴ˫ۣӦԪȴǹһЦ㿴ֻʮ˶ѣϷʣµȥĶˣСӰԾϷȴҲҪл㣡Ϊĳ֣Ϸļƻɹˣ߰ɣǺܿͻȥģ
˵ӦԪЦĸǲˡ
ڵģ㡭
ʱҲ׹ԭԼһжӦԪϲļƻ֮УɵԶӧⷴÿ˸ıΣ
Ǻǡ
Ŀѵķ裬ӦԪһЦ漴ֱӴ̴Դ÷軹û˵ͷһֱʧȥ
ߣǱߵĺϷӦϳˣ
Ƴһ۷ʬ壬ӦԪȥܣǴʮ˳ϱߵķٶȥ

ء
䡭
ɽϱߣҪӽڴڴ˷ҹУȴһ춯صĺϴ
񽣣÷ˣеʵֵʮˣȪʣµȴҲĽһ飬ֿ˷Ĺơ
ռţҶԷʵǿͼûһԪµģлʮʥ
ټϣԷݴ͵ĵȺͶһȴǸÿǴڱΣд
񽣣˵Ϸǡ
սУüĵ
ģ
ûȰ˵꣬ؽһǽǶһЩϷ룡
ãӦӦԪļƣ
÷Ҳ֮ԵϷҪѵĻͱˣαصȵڣ
ԣҶˣ
Ҳܿ췴Ӧˣɱɣɱһɱ׬һ
ɱ
̺Ԫ쳹أʱΧȪ֮˷׷׷·˷ܼһ㣬һ˼ǿԭƵǣȴڴ˿̰һЩ


1658 ö
ڿߵˣȴǵ࣬Ҫǣƽʵ֮񽣵Щ¸ǿ˲ֹһһ˿ʱһЩ棬ʵʱԳһЩǸ޷ûʲôĻ½ٶ˾Σˡ
÷ͰŮҲǱȫʵҪģȴǳ֮ʱõĶأ¾ǲûаʦҲǸĪ˺ܳһʱ䣬Ȼܹö֮ȣȴҲѧ˲öĶʱʱóȴϲá
ö֮ȷǿԵʤãȻڴ˿̣ΧʮֵΧȴҲǸûиǶٻʱ䣬˵öˣֶԵüΪѣֻ˵ĳЩضʱܹһЩöѡ
˿һߣΧ˵ǿΧУΪǰսĺܴˣ¸ղһЩȴԾɺܿٴ·磬һǰĲҺÿøΪĿѣʹѡ
Щˣɶĵֵܰ
һĽһȫʬû£Կֱһ޴裬һԳܵʵ
ģӺƴˣ
Ѿ˲ʲôˣŭһ󣬱ȻʢޱȿֲƷӿĳУǽŮʮ˷׷˿ȥ
Ѫ񻯣
ǴԼһƣӦԪϼһʱʹõġ
Ͼһƣ൱һ
񽣵Ѫ񻯲ûԼֿ񻯵ĺ֢һʹóҲǼģ㲻ڿ֮ʲôήҵ״̬Ҳʵʵڵģ
㣬Ҳ׼ɣ
÷ʹһɫ÷ĵͷʮ˱˵ͬʱǵȴ΢˺һЩ
һԸ񽣴˿Ѫ㹻ʩչռ䣬һȴҲҪ׼ǵɱС
ˣȫǺ
÷ΧһºΧǱȴֻʣһʮǷ׷׼ٷˣ˵÷ʱ̾Χǵһоٶ
һֱΪп񽣵ԵʣȪ˵˲˽÷λ˵ʵ֮ǰΪӦԪв˵ıѣŮҲչֳһѡ
λ˵ľٶЩȴҲЩġ
ʱ񽣵ѪѾɣ˲׶׸ߵΣ˲׶ףߴһҪǴʱֽӣޱȿֲƣٷһ
ô𾪵ǣеؽȴҲǱøӷ˿̵ľ޴Σڳ˶׷ֻ̧
Ƕȥ
ŭˣ˷Ǻͬһ
ء
һ̤ȴƬصĽһɫؽϣ޾ɭĵĺڹƣڿ񽣴˷ǼٵĻӶУһֲĽâֱϮ

âΧʮ⧲֮£ǽնϣѪȪӿȫȻȾ죬񽣵Ķȴ˿δͣǸߴΣǿԼ˿̱ĿֲƣΧ˼Ϊǿĳ
Щ˵ؽһ֮УһӴڿԪĹнϳأкüܵĽ
תۼ䣬»û֮ӣΧʮ˲ڿС
ûһʬ壬ĶǶϳأڿǿֲƵĽɱУֱ屻ʳƬѪɢѪϢҲǱøΪŨڳ˶һȪǱڿ񽣵ĸλֵǣҲǷ׷һޱȾĿ·𿴵Ϊݵż
˷񽣺ȻıõǾ֣һٴǰǵȷռ˾Եơ
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ʱĳ÷ʹһɫһֱڹע񽣵ͬʱŮȴҲڲ¶ۼ׼׼ˡ
ţ
÷˰˼ͷȴ촽΢ſ񽣴ȥ
ȥ
񽣲¶ۼĶ䶯˶ɲǼǽо޴ؽԲתһȦǿĽΪĳǰ˼ЩͱסһɫĽˣʹÿΧķԲ֮ڣγһƬյشƵġ
ͬʱ÷ͰŮС趯һĹâƶ·ܿռ䶼Գ˼ֹɫҪǣЩâܿܿռ䣬·ʶƵķɿ쳯ΧĵӶȥ

ʩչֶεͬʱŮзɿĳԼ׳һſŵҩЩ΢ͬʱȴҲǷ׷׿ٵ̷ȥ

һɲǣȽӴɫâһеıֱӵڵϲϷ˫˫ŽһҺǽϣ䣬˱㽡ɫȴֱӱɫעⲻǣڴ·弡ҲȻͬɫ
ţڲϵصطУЩȫʼ鴤ϼѪһ鴤ǳȥ⣬ۿɼٶȻһ̯ɫҺ壬𽥱գͷ·ϸûôһƵġ
˵ǺѰһ
ɫâУǰȴǽʮϰٸͬΣһκεķֱֻ֮֮ӵ
һĻǻȪʣµİٶ˶ɫţȥλˣ˹ֶΣ
ˣˣ
ʣµĵǾʧ룬ȥɫâĿ⣬ͬʲôͶһҲѡ
ֵǣɱɱ
״кâһǱǿ񻯵״̬ؽȻ裬̳ǰɱȥ
֮ǰŮṩĵҩֻҪ˵ĶжЩɫâʶܿǣԴʱڿ񽣵Ĵ£ȴһıޱ͵ĹƣҪΪղŵһ㣬ŭױ
ӣЩ˿ɾͲˡ
һҪСıܿɫâӣһнɣһ滹ҪӦԿǵĳЩ˼ֱæңû̫ĵֿãҪȴǿͬսĳڲʱ䣬кüؽĹнʬκνҿԡ
ʱ˿̣ǿռ˼ơ
ء
䡭
ǿĸֺ죬񽣴ֵѾǳ֮ǰɽķΧϱ߸һЩˣʣµĵȴɲϵ赲ţֻڸղ˵ʱ𵽵ȴ΢΢Ҳ赲ǵĽŲ
ȻʱȻһǿƴɽӶ·ܿռ䶼ֱĸоһÿ񽣵˵ɫԴ䡣
Ȼ䣬ӦԪɭɭ˹񽣣Ķܣ


1659 Σ
ã
ÿ񽣶ʱɫһ䣬÷ټʣǻڲϳǰЩǹİٶҲǷ׷ɫüΪѿ۶Щˣȴһٴ˷ɿļӴ赲ȣÿǱڲǰĲò΢仺һЩ

񽣰һߵǸ󺺣ȴԵ˲٣Ϊ˲ֵٴδȥʲô˺һºȴȫͣ
ɵٴνǰΧٶӦԪ˿ٱƽҪǣӦԪʮ˵֮󣬸˷ӿ˰ˣһʵΪǿİΧÿɫ䲻ѡ
񽣣ڿˣ
ǰʮ׿վӦԪ¶һĨЦݣϷ֪Լ֮ڿ񻯺󶼻һڣǰɣϷΪһֱסȴû뵽㻹ǿˣ
Ȼ񻯺ʵȷһɿ֮ôĪǣΪڻܱסЩ𣿡
ӦԪǳ漴ǿλһĺαôĵ׷񽣣˵ֻһΣԸ齵ϷԴӦһΣ
Σ
ǣǾҲԲͶģ
һʲôµģΪһϲļһһ
ɣǴƴˣҲҪһ汳
ԣԸɣҪһüͷͲˣ
һ֣̺ޱȵķŭǸûһʲôͶ˼˵һ
ɱһɱ׬һ
ӦԪ
ɫ粻ǿˣһ⣬Ϸôˣ
˻һԭƴһս˲䰲৵һ˫˫ĿӦԪϡ
ǻؼǵã֮ǰƽЦݡ
ǻؼǵãΪǣϧԼȥʱ䡭
ǻļǵãڹȥЩʱУڶֵܴһƬĻ֡
ſ񽣵Ļ˶սȭͷ´ӦԪһ֡ȻҲףӦԪȻܹܵĵĸѾˡ
ʷСӣ
ӦԪ˿ûЩĿ⣬ЦΪ֮ƻϷʵ˵˰ɣʵѾϷԤ֮УϷҲøһƾͼƣڷСӣϷոţʵǲʶȤһЩԡ
ɱ
񽣽ӿڣޱ·Ǵмһ

׶׸ߵĿ񽣣ӦԪͷ·˵ԵһΪɣϷˣʲôã񽣣˵أ
㡢á
һһ٣³ɱȻ֡
ƥȥɣ
ŭһеؽȻ裬ŷɫĿֲƣУӦԪֱϮȥ
÷ֵǿܣ
ܰ
ڶֵͬʱҲ֮
񽣡
Ůˣʱɫ䣬ڿǼᶨĻУȴʲôҲ˵һҧŤͷ˿쳷
ˡ
ЩֵǼΪԸ
ǵͿ񽣽񻯺ľ޴ʱסӦԪȻȴҲףԼľϲ̫ʱ䡣
񻯺ʵҲ൱ʥأӦԪȴʥء
Ȼһؾ磬ʵȴ֮𣬶ֲ죬ûôǿԽս
¾ʱҲʥضѣܹʱסӦԪʥأѾǳˡ
ߣһģ
÷Ͱദ˺ܳʱ䣬Ȼ׿񽣵˼ôᣬҲòΪôֵܿǣ
ߣ
λֵۺᣬһķŭ𣬸÷Ů󣬼ȥ
Щ赲֮ˣŮٴαعʱȴ𲻵̫á
ܣ
ڱ񽣾ӦԪȴǻһĨĻߣȻȵǼȥסǣ
ǣ
ʮ˷׷ӦŵæȥӺչ˶ԻȪ˰ٶ˵ĹϮôһҲϣûжܹǵĶ֣
ߣ
Ů״ȴǺŤͷȥƴ̬ʩչǿĹƣʮ˵ĹȫӲֵǴ˸ܵʱ䡣
ˡ
ֵǼ״һֱʹ
ȴܲߣһ΢ͣضΪۣôһ߷ߵ˼㣬Լǰ޲ѣ
ԼʵǿһЩ˵ﵽʥ򣬾ԪڻڣҲڻΪ־ɣ
ģ
ӦԪŮıҲǲŭһ
òϣһֱСŮˡ
񽣣Ϸȥ
ŭһӦԪоǶȻһѪɫСֱӳ˿ǿһڿ񽣵ĶһԴǿ񽣼ʱӳһŤµᱻϡ
ۡ
Ȼˣ񽣻ǲĺˣһǿƻ֮ӿҲ޷άֿ״̬ҵ˲䲻С֮»ص׶ߡ
Ҫǣ˿ɫ԰ֽԪʣ²ֿǹƻ֮⣬ҲûκԣԵüΪήңؽҲǷһκι⻪׹Աߡ
񽣡
ŮҺһҲ˲ɿߣһһҵĽ

ͬһʱ䣬ǱԶһЩֵȴٴһһĳ˻
ô
񽣼ˣȴǽһĺţȴǼΪ΢
񽣣˵ˣ
÷СڿϸޱĵǲߵģҪǶһ𣡡
ԣһ𣡡
ǲ
˷׷״ţ죬Ƭض֮һ
⣬
񽣺ǸжȴҲΪεҡҡͷ̾һҲգ쿴ڽˣ
ˣ÷Ͱ˵Ĳ£񽣻վλֵһ˫˫ηĿ⣬ֵǣǾҲҪ׳ң

ڿǱ־ɳ֮ʱӦԪǲʱ˵ĴЦЦгų벻мÿ񽣵˷׷ŭĿӣһ˿ѾȴֻͬһҲҪЩ˳
ˣԱѡ
Ǿ仰ɱһɱ׬һ
Ȼʱǿ񽣵Цɳڼ֮ʣһŮȻЦʲôЦôЦϼһ𣿡
ɲǼ䣬ӦԪЦʱֹסǺȻڲԶɫȹŮӣһĨ޺ȴСŮޣСĻӿڳ


1660 ƣӦԪ
Ůӵĳ֣ʱڳ˵ע⡣
ӦԪĿУŮȴûһ㣬ôŽʵ˿ǰü΢ĵûɣ
ιô˵ģ
ȴǼΪԸ۷

ס˰Ůӹ˹֣ǿЦ֪˭Ƿ
ûͺãҪˣһ֪ô콻
Ůûлش𣬷˵
ү
⻰񽣣÷Լʱ۾һ񽣸ȲĵС㣬үģ

ŮͷСһ֮бǳһʵ˸ʰ쵵ĹâʵɲǱӶķҷ˲ɵú񶼾Լһָֻƣɴ˿ɼʵȻǷ
ҽôҽ
ȫǲ˼顣
ҽ÷ҲǾ֡
ɳŮ֮⣬ڣ˾һͷˮŪҽʲô
û뵽ǻеʶ
ŮƲƲ죬һףҽʱʹâֱû˿ɲǼ񽣵㱻һʹâ֣ϵƣѾĵԪһ˲䳹׻ָͬһ㣬ڳ˿Ŀ࡭
Ȼҽ
÷Щͣҽܵҽ
лСæ
񽣻ָ̳Ůӹֵл
лңҪлȥлɣҪҲҹأ
ŮٴƲ죬ƳһۿԼߵŮȴһתĵҲʶһˣȻ˵ѣСҲüȣ
ǣʶ
˴˻ȴǶʱһ
÷һȴһͷˮ˸Եļ䣬ʼҲһܹǰ׵Ůӷϡ
ҽлƣŮӵĵ
ˡƣ㣬ǻС㣿
𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲôˣţ󣬽¹ȻԻûƯ׵Ůӡ
ߣ÷ͰҲ֡
ûǻƣ
֮󣬱ߣոյִ˹ȵʱȴǺȻӵĴţ˵ҪæѰҿ񽣵ˣĻҪͿǻص
ϾѾΪѪµ£ݵȷʺԹлƳ֣ǱԳֻҪһЩ
ƣ
˿̣ӦԪ˻֮ȴԵüΪİʹû
˵ûʸ˽ƵĴڣ
ң
Կ񽣵˵ľ죬Ƶĵͷûˣ߰ɣ컹ڵأ
˵䣬Ʊ̳ȥӦԪԼǸˣûзɿƵġ
⡭
Ҳһ㶣Χֵܣ÷ĿҲǷ׷
Ѿ߳ԶĻƣһҧֵߣ
ɲǼ䣬˽󣬶ӦԪȴЩ΢㶣漴оԼӵ裬ȻŭʢȵϷվס
ৡ
ʱǷ׷ٴνǰΧƵȻҲ⡣
СŮޣҲδ̫Ŀ˰ɣ
ӦԪߵǰֱӻƣߵϷ˵𣿡
˭
ĵСΪʲôҪģ
Ϊֻôˣô࣡
ӦԪ΢΢ͣȴǳĵĪǣΪƾһˣͿԴǣϷ򲻹㵽׺Сʲôϵǽǿ߲ˣ
ô
⻰һĨڽƾҲֹС뿪
Ϸ˵ģ㣡СŮޣԼŵģֲϷ򣡡ӦԪ˵
΢һٺӦԪȴֵܹóٰʮղʵŶˣǽҽɣóٰʮҽϷĻϷһ
ҪǱСòأ
ƾϼһҪٰʮǱСѣûõһšǼСӲѱСô˷һţ˵ٰʮˣ㱾СԼҲֻмŵĴѣ
òǾĹֲϷˣ˵ʵϷҲһϧ˰
˵䣬ӦԪŻǰ͹µģޱȾµԼƵļһˣоҲǸֳһḬ̃
С㡭
΢΢üҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǰڰֽ漴ӦԪϼһùܺ۾򡭡
Σ
ûȻ˵꣬ӦԪЦŴϵСŮޣ㻹Ϸֲɣ
Ļҳȫ㣡
ƵĻһ䣬Ťͷ˵˺һЩ
ǣССģƥ򲢲򵥣񽣵ͷѵ
š
Ʋ÷Ӧһ͵߲ʹâһȻԽӦԪ֮ʮ׵ľ롭
ž
һȻ

ӦԪκηӦ㱻ʵʵĳУҸǱĽˣɵƺһ
ҶԱС˵ЩģǵһҲһ
޸Ȼ𣬻μӦԪ˿ȴҲǻع߳ŭغ
ʱȴҲ΢˿⡣
Ȼûʱ̾裬ȴҲôܹ򵽵ģ˵ֱӱˡ
ŻƵĳ֣ҲӦԪףŮӲ򵥣
Դ˿ȻΪŭȴԾܿľ
ȻӦԪȴǶԻƸ˽⣬ʥʵ֮ǰԵѾı硭
˵Լ𣿡
Ʊٴ𣬶߲ʹ⻪Ȼʢ·ӦԪ˶뿪ǿѹڳ˶о˼𺳡
ء
žžž
ļʱ䣬һֵͬʱһĶϴ
ӦԪչȴÿһε˸֮ʣһζ룬ȴ㲻ȥֱӦԪÿҪѪɻȴָûͣµ˼߲ʹâӵͬʱٶȷԽԽ죬ӦԪԽԽӦ
ûӣӦԪԴ׵ͬͷһҸЩѪƣֱ絽˼㡣
ˢ
ڣֹȥӣͣ
ӦԪòװȫһЩһͷǷŭŻƣҧгݵĵСŮޣ㵽ʲôˣʵо֮
ŭ֮࣬ӦԪȴǲһĨڻƵĿ־壡
ʸʱС𣿡
ƲмƲƲ죬ϼһСղֻ΢ˣ׼𣿡
㣬㻹Ҹ㣬ҿǡ
ӦԪɫһ䣬û˵꣬ƱǵСŹԼĵˣ׼𣿡


1661 ӦԪı
׼
֣ȴһֱһֻҪ䣬·Ǿĵڳò亹ֱðΪĿӦԪȴҲͬɫѿ˼㡣
ӸղŻĶӦԪԼףŮӾԲ򵥣
˵̬ȶúͻ࣬ӦԪȴҲû뵽Ȼ˲ӡ
ৡ
գۼ䣬ƹϵǶˡ
ζȻһֱ߲Ϯת˲ѾٴӦԪǰ
һΣƵĳָӺ·ֱ亮ƵģҪӦԪһһ㡣
ϷͲˣжǿ
ӦԪﰵѣ׼ͬʱμٳԱӶȥ
ء
ȻˣۻǱƹľˣӦԪ˸ζȻһģȴǲһѪ
ӦԪһεˣ˲ٶȣԪȫתγ˷ƹһļӰǻƶЩ㵡
ߣ
Ȼ֮УȴԵüΪм
䣬һ˫УȴҲ˸Ϊɱ
ΪѾ޵ټ߷ѪȻ֮֮߰ǰӦԪı֣ټӦԪϼһ˱ɱ֮ġ
ȻƻƵļιûܸӦԪȥʲô˺ʵȴڲƣӦԪܹ˸ķΧԽԽСҪǣЩ˸УȴèϷһ㣬ǸϷһĨΪЦ⡭
òϣЦݼΪ䣬ȴҲƸһ
񽣣ǸС𣿡
ſ񽣵֣ЩЦá
÷ƱģȴǵһΣԻƵʵЩûʲôҪԸӦԪĻӦòܹôܻɣ
Ӧǵģ
ҲЩüףܹ˵ү֣ټָĸоҲֻǴӻСϸܹģҪһ㣬֪С˲࣬Ҳ˻ٰƭǣ
Сĵ˰ɣ
÷ڱüעһΧСЩ˻û͵Ϯ
ǲң
񽣵ߵҪǸôٿһΣֻûǸƥĳ֣ôЩ˷

˿⻰÷ͰöһۣЩЦá
ҲŮķԸ£ɱʮֵľ裬ȻŮĵЩ׷ѣӦԪ£ʱȻĿ⾭ӹ˸ղſ񽣿֮ǿƣټ֮ӦԪڻƵĹ·磬Щ˿ɲκóȻ֮٣֪ôġ
ɱ֮ʱֲֶΣǴȥ˼ӰЩʥ֮Ҳˡ
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ʱŻƵһȣһռ䱬֮ɫƶУӦԪΪοռ䱬ֵΨһһ󡭡
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1664 ѳ루£
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һΣΧӿһżٵĻ棬Χ¶ͷ˲٣ǱӦԪǸоһ޿ƥеźͳϣ˼ֻҡ

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УҲȥ
ӦԪ˸һ£ȴǼæ΢һЩǼ³ȥǵѪ֮󣬱ٴοʼһǡըȴǱӦԪΧֻҪǻƿʱ򣬡ըҲĿ¼ըԾǸһʱ䡭
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һ֮ӦԪΪѪⲹԼԵʣȴѾָ۷״̬ſһЦ֮ۿŻƼ׷ϮȴǶȻܿռ䣬ǹϵѡ˲롭
ܣ
ƺԥ׷ȥȻʣµʮըȴһ˲ͬʱըӲĽƵ׷Ϯ赲ֻܿŻƺĹǿռ֮ϣѾʧȥ˼׷ϮӦԪĿܣ
ӦԪ˶Ŷѻᣬȴڳ˶ʮֲмӦԪ̵ֲֶΣǿҵɱ


1665 ȫع飡
ܿζӦԪɱӦԪҲʵǻ׷û취׷ˣǡ
С㣬û°ɣ
Ż߻صԼǰ̹ĵʵ
û£
ƵԵ񽣣ҲȫˣӦԪƥѾܵҲ߰ɣ
ǣҲʱˣǡ
񽣵ͷ漴Ŀȴǳȥ
ΧΪиղӦԪ־ٶɢӴܵǣȴкö඼¶ſߡ
˳ſ񽣵ĿΧʱ˼ʵô죿
ɱ
񽣳Ĭһ͵оâ˸³һ
ɱȻ
ұߣɱ⣡
ڼȪ˵ʱ򣬱ÿ˶Ĺأ
ãɣһ֮
ףûнΧЩ˵һ¡
º󣬱ûϽɫɫâȻֻգۼǷֱûЩ˵ڣһʱҺѵĽأ˶ȫѪŸԵĵﲿλʹ֡
ûڸղųֵһ˲䣬ƱǼΪǿƵĽЩ˵ĵȫϵǸκεĵֿ֮
ˣˣȥɣ˵
л
񽣵ͷֺȵɱһ
ǣӦŵ
ʱӦԪ˵׷ɱУһǼΪǱҪȴ׷ӵĹУвദܺõֵѣ׷ײЩС
ܹлᱨ飿
˵ΪˣѵͿԻ֮ǰеɱ¾Թ
ⲻܣ
ܿ죬ڻȪ߰ٶ˵ɱ¾УЩ˸ûһڡ
ϧȴڴ֮ǰΪӦԪľٶȴҲ˲ˣʣµĲֻеĲ֮һѡ
ɼˣɱҲǵ涼·ѪȫȾһִ̱ǵѪȾþ޷ɢ
˰ɣ
һɱ»صվһ˵ȣƵԵ񽣣ǲǸȥˣȻ컹ΪҪʲôأ
лС㣬ߣ񽣴ֵһ˵
ţ߰ɣһǻȥƵͷ˵
Ͳ˰ɣСˣǡ
Ǹĵǲ鷳ơ
û˵꣬ƱֱӻִϵˣҴӦ飡㲻ض˵ֻԼߣΣգһֵ̳ģ
ˣǺðɣֻСˣ޷ܾٴεл
ã
Ƶİ˰֣漴ҲԵʧǰ
⡭
񽣿ЦãȴҲûж˵ʲôкŴϢ漴һķȥҲκεĵ顣

үٷˣ
ɽ֮Уڳɹİȫ֮ʣǴŮڴ˵ӭӣÿ񽣼֮󣬼ѵĺݺӵһ£÷ͰҲ̺ŮյһԵüΪ֡
ȻЩʱûˣ໥ûκεУ֮ǰӵ׽˲١
ڻƣȴ¶һ㾶ֱ뿪ûκζͣ˼Ū
μ٣
񽣹ĻȪ֮ˣвٶǼģæһ˫˫۾Уױȵĳ羴
¾Щ룬ϵǣҲֺһ֣Ҳܿ˳ݡ
ˣˣһ·ҶˣİɣֻҪǰȫģ
ЦǺǵİοһֵȥæϲȪ˵λֵܣס˸ʵ㣡
ǣ
Ӧŵ漴ǳЩԵλֵܣɣԽﵱԼļң
ȥɣ
񽣵ͷЩ˰˰֣ЩŸ뿪
ȻǲܽŵģǾǰţҸ׼ˣǸǽӷϴˡ
ڿ񽣣÷ˣǱԽӵУһͬصصרԺ䡣
Ժӹ󣬷Ҳ࣬õס¡
ߣûҪһҹ̸ˣȥס˿Ժ̫㣿
壬塭
Ǹصﲻã֪ϢСһǴ첽˽ֱӷ˵˿񽣻Уſ񽣺ݺݵ˼ڣŪÿˮԾЦš
Ǳס˿ǿȳ˴ȴϸĸ첲Ե׽
СС㣬Сү
񽣿Ĳѣ̱Сһԭת˺üȦŪǿֱЦϣԺҲ˼ָΪֵա
ǾƲ˱һһ߳źţһ񽣽е飬뱻׷ɱ֮ʱΣǾŭѡ
ǷˣĲУĺ޲ھͽӦԪץʬΡ
һһЩȪ֮˵İţȴ΢΢һЦ˵Щ˼Ȼ£ǾԼŰɣԼҲûˣôԸվҲԼҵĵմѪⷽҪǣԳΪİ֣

񽣲ЩĬ
˵վҲԼҵѪ
һֱûܹԼҵĶչˣⷽȴʼ޷ģ
ǸȥؽԼҵ
ðɣүˣ
һףѪµԺұػ򣡡
ţʱ䣬ʱס
Ŀ񽣵ļ˵룬ѪӦò̫Զˣң㻹԰æϢգҽԼҵĳ׻龧㣡
ˣү
Ȼȴҡҡͷ˵ҸоǶүãҪңҲȽѪ˵
ðɣ
ҲͿ񽣿Ӧ
Ƕֵܣ׻龧˭ﶼһġ˵Լо׻龧ȴдá
ΪʱƣһԹֻһÿϢȥˣȻֻһ䣬Ͼ÷ĹϵѾʣҲõ˻˵лοԺӣûеõ֮ǰκ˶ģ°Ҳˡ
ǶȥϢ֮ҲȥһЩȪǵİţЩ˼ѣͲûжֱӶĤˡ
磡
صԺУĸ첲üӦԪȻܹӻǰܣҪʱһΪһѪҶʹľа
ǰ磬Ƕ룬ҪɴȥһȻ󿴿ܲܰӦԪҲԱ˵
ҪȥӦԪĻֻͳ˹ȥ顢ŮȻʵҲܿ죬ӦԪҲ֡


1666 ӦԪ£ϣ
У˭Ҳȥ
˼֮ʱԺȻһүүԨ
үү
ȻѾΪ̫ϳϣԨ𾴺Тȴδٹ°㡣
ղǵ˵Ҷˣ
ԨͷΣǾԲóȻȥǱߣƶʵѾүүܶ࣬ɱ˵ɽе飡
ڶɵĽнѪµļƻҪóȻȥôضƻƻԼΣգ
飬ѶƶǻԨүүĻǾĶҪȥʱߵϢѪЩܲ˵ģ
Ѿʽչ¶ǰΣһ죬Ƕûģ
Ԩ˵ʱЦá
үүģҲֻһ˵ѣ
ЦŵҲȥأ
ĻԱŮҲǷ׷ͷ
⻹࣡
״ԨŷһЩ΢һٺҪסڿɲǰˣô嶯Ѫ£ǴҶ޲һ̱㽫ܹ鲻ðգҪȫ׼
үүģ
ͷ
ԨһۣŲټ⣬ȻĻĵ̲סֳ嶯
үүιɲΪҲҪ嶯ô򵥰ɣЦǺǵĵԸԨһȲ衣
Сӡ
ǺǰûκЦݣԨЦЦż˵ĲȴҲǿģ˵ǰȫˣҲŹ
ţ
ͷָſڵķ䣬Цʱ̫ˣǳ˷طϢ
һ˵ǲزǱ߻Ȫ˳ͽԨһڲ裬ʵ
š
ҲûǽǱ߷飬֮ͬǰһ½˳Ԩüͷ塣
˵ԽԽˣĽԨüͷΪ塣
ˣղᵽ˻ƣǸҲһεʥ޽¹Ԩʵ
ǵģүү
Цŵͷ漴֮ǰڣûоκ˵齲ԨÿЦãôԽغһͿԽĵطأⰲȫ⣬ǲҲüӴˣ
˵ǺǸƵĹϵܲԨʵ
԰ɣ
ͷЦ˵Ҫ˵ĻǺϵһЩңʮȶκ˶ҪӼ֣
ô
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ţ
⻰첻ɫһߵŮҲ㶡
үү⻰ʵģǼҵģ췴ʵ
Сӣʲôͬ𣿡
Ԩûֱ̧ͷһ£ͬǰһ
ȻȫԶȥģȴûУΪּͥҸĸо
ðɣʵǼʵģҲȷ֪Ͼһ֣Ҳ༸ϣ죬Ԩε˵
Ҳҿ϶
̾һҡͷʱȥϵһ£ǷӦҾͲ֪ˣ
ûпܣͣԨʵ
⡭
ΪˣεʼүүͱˣƵԸǶһɲܹ˵ģ
аɣ
ԨҲε̾һʱҲˣϢҲȻȥˣ
˵꣬ǵ£Ԩܿ뿪ˡ
˿̣ɫȴЩЦãүү뿪Ӱεҡҡͷ
磬˵ΪʲôԹҪүүأĸ첲ʵ
ΪϾǼ
ǿЦЦȴǲٶԡ
죬ԵüΪԻ󣬿ɻ׼ʲôʱȴǱѸסˡ
죬ʱȴķüͷ岻ѡ
ڵһˣ죡
ӿ񽣵ĿУѾ˽⵽ӦԪȻͶѪ£ȴǲȻֱ񣬻֪쵽ΣӦԪ˿˼֮飬ô¾Σˡ
ΪǱߣϵʮֲѣҲȷΪ֮ǡ
үү뾯棬컹ĲԹȥ˵ĻǸôȥ죿켫Ϊš

ǰȫعʱӦԪӻƵĹȴǾֱصռݵ·ϡ
·壬ٲȻѾڼҵĵ̣ӦԪˣνȵռָľ˼ɣ

һصӦԪ̽ķУ˳ŻͬʱнȥʮԪ֮ˣһʱңڶûκ촫һЩʮֵġ
ʰһ£
ʱǽյķű˿ӦԪȺǼ±˽ȥȻڵȴǴһ
ӦԪλ⣬֮ǰȥʮԪ֮Ѿһ߾߸ʬκգȥһ߾ƵģúȥǼ˺ëֱ
ŸʲôȥˣӦԪü
ǣ
⼸˲ҳɣæЩʬ뿪ˣ˿ҶͣΨֳΪһʬ塣
ˡ
ӦԪֵҵӼԺΧԲ֮ڲҪκ˳֣ûҵκ˲ܿΥɱ⣡
ǣ
⻰뿪ٶҲǶʱӿ첻٣ԭΧҲǷ׷Զ룬˿ͣ
һڼȻƲ
һµӴӷĳӰҲʮֵĵͳһ˿Ϸ֮⡣
ӦԪһæڵϣ²ңûϽ񣬻𷣣
ˣɣ¹ֲ㣡
Ӱ˰֣ĵҲû뵽쾹ĻƳ棬ǵļƻҪǰˣ
лϣ
ӦԪƵ˿ұ¶κεĲ
ӲǱˣѪɽµĴ֮һĺ£
ҲΪ£ӦԪ˻ȪˣǼһĸԸĳΪѪµһ
ڰλϣµĿڵ
ڣӦԪæӦŵ
ˡˡˡ
һô棬һ߻ԵȻֲ㣬ҲΣȻ㣬Ҳһϵнгͣ˵԰ɣ
֪ӦԪӦ
ˣ˵˲㣬ҪȻ㣬ŵ򽻸һЩҲ᲻ǲ˵
ǣǣ
ӦԪӦŵϷԸ¸ǣ


1667 ӦԪ££
ʱӦԪͬһƵģü׵Ĺվںǰ
ܺãǳã
ӦԪļЦŵˣضǱұۣ
лϿޣ¶ĽΪϰ£޻ڣӦԪЩӦ
ţãģûлɹȻƾ飬Ϳ֮أµ
ǣǣлϣ
ӦԪӦŵʱϵһղ豭ȴǺȻְ
һʱ䣬Уֻǿղ豭ʱʱϹȴѹֲѣ·ЩƵġ
գȴӦԪ٣嶼鲻ԽЩȴֲҶ˵ֵֹֻܹȺźµķԸ
ڣȥ˼Ӻ󣬺¿ˣ˵ĶһֱǺܲ
ϡ
էԣ˺еı䣬ӦԪʱЩż̧ͷ
û˵ʲô±ǺǺһЦϵˣҲżûй˼Ͼĸףһᴦµģ
ǣǣһȰ˵ȮЧϣһһӦԪһ
òϣվһףνʳӣǴ⡣
ĵģǰϻΪһʱ֮ụ̆
ӦԪһҲֻôһӰ
ǡ
ӦԪͬʱȴһתٴαñһЩҲҪףǵļƻκαؼһǱʲô⣬¡
ͨ
˵ӦԪֱӹ˵ϣϷģ±֤գ֮һȰ˵ȮЧϣ
ô
²÷üëһȴһߣǣΪʲôȴ˵ƺİĪǣʲô취
Ϸģһ
ӦԪڵϣ嶼Щ˵ȮӻôǿӲ¡Ըִмҷ
ã˵ģ֮󣬱ϣܹõϢ
˵λʧλ֮ϣһֱ˺һӦԪŻֻ¶Ѿˮʪڲ˼㡣
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ӦԪЦһ£ǲ̡
죬ֻʱ䣡
ԼǡӲԡƢӦԪ˽úܰ
ĲӦ齵ǡѵҪɱԼĶӣ
ӦԪڼΪԥ

󣬺¹ˣһΣȴ֮ǰϵЦݸһЩȴԵԽ䡣
ڰû취ˣ԰ɣ
˵
վǰӦԪЩæٸһʱ䣬±֤
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ϣҡ
ӦԪˣΪо˺¿еɱ
ͨ
ӦԪٴι£ϵĿͷϸһλᣡϾΣҲΨһĶӰ
㰡
ƺˣ̾һ󣬾ԽӦԪ嶼Щһ£ڰڣҲĺ֮飬ҲģɣϣҲҪңǵļƻܵ飬ȻΨб䣡ǣǼƻؼһ
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ԣӦԪһ˿ϣ
ȻѾѪ£ôҲ˽⣡
ߵλ£ԵѪ֮һطƳѪܡ
ϡ
һѪܡ֣ӦԪļˣæʧĿ£żľǲ֪οڡ
𼱰ڣҲǻû˵𣿡
ӦԪĴϣɫδЦЦ֪ΨһĶӣҲѴ˵ˣѪ֮Ҳûа취ָģҿ㱣ֻ֤ҪƻĶҲָӴԺǸӶ˾ͽΪұۣҲ籾֮ǰ˵Ϊڼҵĵ̣
ϣ˵Ѫܡ
ӦԪ׼˵ʲôȴһִϡ
ֻԭ˲ڣĪ㲻űԣѵҪָ췢Ĳɣ
¾޴⣡ӦԪһҡͷ
ˣǾôˣ
µĵڰھȥӰɣ
ϣ⡭ǣ
ӦԪ˵ʲôǺ±ĿУȴʲô˵ֻܹԹԵͷǰ·
һԺ䣬ͨӦԪ㹧źУֱڵķ⣬ӦԪȴȽǼˣƿ˷š
ϣ򿪷źӦԪ˵űߣһơ
ţڰȺɣµͷԸ
⡭ǣ
ӦԪҶԣԹԵĿź뷿ڣŹغ֮ȴڴȴֺܿʧӦԪһĶҧԥѡ
ȥ׷ʲôȴôҲҡ
ֻԼϵʵжֲһŭ˵һӦԪˣ¾ʮ˸һҲ֡
ڣڹȥ˴һʱǹرյķٴδ˿
»߳쾹ǹԹԵĸߣü˳ۣͿκһĲ
ҪǣϿȥӦԪͨ˾Ĳ̽κεĲͬһֱϢûκα仯
ϣҶ
ӦԪ״æǰ
ףҺܺã
ΣûȺ¿ڣƽ˵֮ǰҲ£ø׵ˣ
⡭
ӦԪĿ࣬ԼĶĳѪ
ôڣ
ЦЦѵãЩ𣿡
ûûУӦԪҡͷ
ǺǡİɣҴӦһ
һЦѾԼˣļƻȫҪϣ
˵أ
˵ű죬ȴǺԥĹͷһ񣡡
ܺãôǸӾҪһϷˣ
ĵͷЦϣⳡϷһҪܾʣԲ˿κ˱Ǹ֮⣬ûдﵽĿ֮ǰе֪𣿡
ǣӹӦŵ
ܺãǾȺúý
µͷڰƻһûüϸ˵ԾҪˣ
ǣϷģףӦԪӦ
ܺãҾˣ
ϣ
ӦԪӵĹУһ˲ƱǾֱ뿪ˣ˿̵ӦԪȴǼæ죬ϸһ죬Ҷ𣿡


1668 ˣ
ʲô֪ˣ
УĴ̽е˳ƣȲĳȥ
磬ʲôˣ
󣬼Ů׷ʵ
ˣˣұȥͷûת˵
үȵȰ
Ҳæϣ÷ͰŮǹԹԵԭأŮڴ˵Ⱥ
ɹͿ˵ȴһõϢ
ֻǣˣ⣬ȴ켫Ϊġ
ϾʵǿִܹѾǼΪˣΪƵԵʣ¶һ̫ʹ飿
Ҳּ
Ȫ˵ʱͷұۣ񽣸໥Ĺϵ֮軹ҪһЩȲѣǻҪչôȪ˵ֵܣǻ÷Ůߣǿһ˵ĻԻܸɴǱߣ뾡취ȽȳŻ»صߡ
һֱ񽣶춼ʮֵĵģһͻᱻǸĺĸ׸ɱ˵ع飬̵ܹסеּ
˳غ󣬱Ǻܿ쾶ֱϡ
˵ǸԺ䣬Ǽڷ䴲ţȴѾԹȥһ˿΢졣
磡
ǰ򵥵Ϊ콲һǷľ
ʵܼ򵥡
ΪҶΨһһӣÿ춼ѲһϾŵĻӶӳ
죬йµߣκ쳣Ȼͼ˱˲ŽУǸʱΪδԵʣҲ֪ݡ
飬Ҳòȥʣû룬˵֮ܿĻʹȥϵѪۣڵɢһƾǿ֧ŵڣѾһںûˡ
ԭ
ͷһڸ鿴Ŀ񽣣˶ٺʵȥһ˵Ǽ߽ˣ
Ѿˣ
˵Ǽ˶ϵľ񣬲һ쳣˵ھǧ׿ĵطֵģȻǵҪߣȻĻ̣㽫˹˵ʱ첢û˵Ҫʲôˣ
ǲΰ
ףϾò״ǱܹҲұ֤᲻Ѫµˣûε֮ǰᱩ¶ԼĿģ
Ҳˣ˵֮󣬾ӿ˵
лˣȥæɣｻҺͿ񽣱ǣͷ˵
õģˣ
ţȥɣ
ͷ뿪ۻΧ⴦Ժ䲼һŽ뷿ڡ
ôſѿɫʵ
ƺأ
񽣳ϵ˾Ͳ˵ˣھ˽ɣҲ˲٣ûһõģ滳ɣǲܵʲôĥȻڻ

ףǰ̽һ˵һ޶Ҫؼ֡
ƣ쾹Ȼܹ߲Żʣֱһ˼飬ⷽҲԿжǿˡ
ֻܰסƣ
һ񽣣ȥ鴫ţһˣϾⷽ棬ǶҪã
õģүȥ
񽣵ͷȥϵ飬֮Ҳæڸ˹ûκε顣
磬ɣ
֮󣬱ǺԥĽλãͬʱó˲ĵҩָҲ£ۿɼٶȻָţֻΪ̫صԵʣҪѣٻҪʱ䡭
ȫָʱ͸ˡ
ȻԳ֣һ׼ΪƶרƺʵĵҩĻָҲֻʱˡ

ΪĻָʱͽߣİȫҲʲô⡣ΪԷһ컹Ը⴦Ժ䲼һõ󷨣ΧƬ̲ػ
ԼҲǻȥǱ׼ƵҩˣϾϵ̫ӣҪƺʵĵҩҲһ򵥵顣
أʵطԲ˴š
˵ϢŮ񽣵÷ͰˣȴҲδ̫á
磬үү֪飡
˵ѾȥЩطֹʲôʳ֣
ţ֪ˣ
ԣɵõͷһͼ˵أû뵽ȴǰȥˣǺǣ
ûµĻǾȻȥˣ
ţȥɣǣ͵͵ܳͷѵ
İɣ
΢΢һЦ뼸Ůһͬ뿪ˣ÷Ͱ񽣵Ů˶û¡
Ů뿪ıӰȴҲע⵽ֹĳƣɵ۾У漴ԺҡϣƷȴҲԳ˼̬
ү
ʱ򣬿Ǹƺ«˹΢΢̧ۣôˣ
˵Ļô𣿡ߣüʵ
Ŷ
üëһЦǺǵĵ˵أ
֪񽣹˼ھƣǵľնûȥɫԳȻ
ǺǡȻ֪Ǿ͸ɴȥ룡
ЦЦʲôİɣܿͻнģѾͷǱ߰æȥˣ
Ŷ
⻰΢һЩ漴Ƴһ۲Զķ䣬ȴüͷٴ壬ȴҲδ˵ʲôܿ죬һ˺Ⱦƣһ˺Ȳİ

ȻȥɣҺȻе飡
һߣ뿪ĳƣȴǺȻһͣ½ŲǼŮ˵һûȻӦŤͷȥ
⡭
ųԶıӰЩЦá
ˣǻȥɣ
˵ܿŮ׷뿪ˣȴչ뿪Ůߺ󣬼ֻգۼ˾ʮ￪һСС
ƶˣ
һŮȻ֣ƾһ£ʱŤͷȥһɫȹ֣ÿݣЩǳ׷ȴǸֳһĨͬСӼ˼ҳĲЦݡ
̣ʲôʲô𣿡ʵ
ûε̣ˡ
ڳôʶˣ¾춼֪һȴһܣϵ죬ϵƣϵ˶


1669 漣ָ
󡭡
ģ̫ˣⷽ˲ٰ
쾪ϲѣֻΪ׿˵ˣ죬ƱȫָӶɹѹ
Ǳ𻵵ĵȴҪһʱ䣡
ܹ˵죬ôʱѣҳ˵ƻָмֱû
Ǻǡаɣ
Ŀ佱΢΢һЦȴǺȻü
ôˣ
ʵ
û£ֻǾЩ֣
ҡҡͷüͷ˵ҶƵĵҩԼֶζ֪ģ˵ʵôôõãҡ
ˣȴٴüУңƺųԽ˵ĻָǶȥ룬ûָֻĻܵƣҲ޷ֵ򣡡
ǺǡǻթЦǺǵʵ
ţ
ȻĸˣȴҲǵȷôġ
˵ʵҲɣ
΢΢һЦС֣Լߣż֮ǰѾͷӶõĹϵˣûģ·ǱߣȷǷһսһӦԪԶ֣ӦԪȴûô˽·ԼĵΣԲŸɳ֮ɹ·룡
棬ӦԪҲ˲׷Ϯüζ컹ǳɹ򣡡
⣬ӦԪҲͼ߼׷ɱҺϾҵĵ̣Щ֪ѶˣҲܹɹĵִ
ͷϹԶĵҲǷеĻɡ
˵ȴҲеĵ
ðɣ֪ˣ
˵꣬ףĵʼմһɻ
Ϊģƻָٶȣʵ̫漣һЩ
Դ񣬻ûôĻָٶȣľİæȴҲȲ
Ȼ鲻ٶ˵ɻȴ˿١

ȿȡңĶ
ҹЩȻ
ѣԤȻҪǰһЩ
ڣô
񽣵һʱ嵽УѾӴϻӣǷ

񽣣ȴҲɫһϲΧֵôаĶ𣿡
ô
ЦţڰڣˣΪСôȥˣ׼Ÿ㰲أ
ѾҴǰɣ
˿񽣵ĻʱͷߣˣЩˣǲҼǵãٻ֮ǰ˰͵ţסҵˡ
˵䣬ͷԼѾָƣɵþ֡
ٺ١ڰҪлٷˣȻ
񽣼ЦţʱҲ˽Ц죬㻹𣿡
١
죬̴Ӵһ
ˣˣ
켱æȥ»صɺãЦСòʲôʱôˣ
ٺ١
ͷȻɫЩ԰ףȴκδ󰭣
ϾȻָ־ģȴҪʱָģ
ͻȻ䣬ˮ棬ʵĵ٣ԲҸ
Ҳû취飬ܹģ
ļϣܹҿС˵ˣڻȪ˵ʱϷұ۰ѪռݣԼҸǱ𣬿񽣵Ҳ֪ԣϣܹ񽣣Լң
л٣ףٷģףǸж
΢һٺĿ⻷ΧȴЩɵĵˣ٣ϷأӦúһ𣿡
Ϸ롭
ʻͿ񽣶Ĭ
ΪɹѶϸֳЦݣҲ֮˲١
ôˣϷôˣȿȡǵǿ˵
켱ˣŲϴߴ٣ż
ڣȱ𼱡
ǰΪĺ󱳣ȴǷץסֱۣ˵Ϸôˣ˵
Ϸˣ
ɫѿ·ǴӺƵģʮֵĵͳ
ʲô˵ʲôϷˣ⡭ôܣɴ˫ۣôҲš
ſ񽣺죬ЩӲתƺзһ˿Ц˼
Ȼϣȷʵ˵
ôܣңǿңϷ뵽ôģһغ
ǲӦԪ

񽣵ͷΪǶչΣӶɱ齲˳Ŀѣоˮ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
ڻȪУ˵ĹϵãȻֵܣȻϷ뿪Цָȴ޷ȥġ
ڡӦԪ
ҧһһٵ˵
ĻУԵüΪ䣡
ˣ죡
ѣҪúõ壡ôˣϢһɣٺúģ
ԣԣڰү˵öԣȺúϢҲ֮˵
ã
۵ͷˮջ䡣
ͿҲ֮뿪˷䣬ֻϧȴûע⵽ǹغ÷ŵ˲䣬ȻɴڣϵֱȴȫȻʧȡ֮һֺ԰ĮԼȻֳһ䳰ȡ

ڶһ磬Ҳ֮ͬǰһĸ˹ʱȴҲɻȴû˿չ¶
һ򵥽֮Ըһ壬Ц˵ѾûʲôˣڵˣҲûʲôֻҪвҵʱ䣬ҲԻָģϾֻˣǱϣҲõ޷ָ
ллٷˣ
мĳлЦŰڰ֣û£
ͿʱҲĲ١
ˣ飬⼸ûȥСһûɣʵ
ûأ
ûĳ춪һֵۣҪƶһţǱӺŮǿ¶Ҫˣ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦҲûٽӻ
ʱȴǺ˵٣һ󣡡
Ŷ˵
ŤͷЦ֮䲻ôлֱ˵ǣ
ҡҡ
һ죬Щ˼˵Ҵûȥ۷κһԡȥؿ֪ɲԣҿԱ֤ҾԲܣֻҪȥͿˣ
˵棬Ͳûָ췢ġ
ȥأ
Ȼ⻰ȴЩ΢
ôǾˣǺǡû˵ɣڨڨһЦͷ
Ǻǣǣǣֻû뵽Ҫ󾹻ѣ
Ц˵ʲôԵģ˵ˣҾʹ㣬ƻָˣȻȥģϾҲôȫҪѪµҹΣյģ


1670 
Ӧʱ¶˼ֿĺͼɫ
ţǱһɽȥһ·ΪͷһߵԵʣҲʱʱظһΧĻټϿڱϵĸͣյԵüΪҡ
ǸߣЦӯӯûж˵ʲô
غҲԸ찲һԺǸרԺҲûжԶмľǶ֪˵ʲôڵţ֮ʼûôͣ
ˣ찡ʱסô㲻ɣ
ԺָԺΧЦǺǵ˵⸽ûµʱҲԵߣﲻϤÿ񽣴ɣ
л٣ͷЦӦ
ŶˣʲôҪĻܺ˵ǧ
ٷģҿɴֿˣ
ǺһЦ˵˿κε裬̬Ҳ찵Եͷ·ص֮ǰеЩʱա
ѲãȺúõϢϢȥ˸׼һЩϴ·ͳԵģ
˵漴ĵлУ뿪ˣȴ콲һЩڵĹء
ϾĹϵôãϾҲ֮ˣҵϵѪܹҲҪغĹأҪǷĻǸ춪
̫ϳϵݣ»ûʸأ
ڿ񽣵ѣû˿ԹԵĵͷʾס
ʱԴż˽
·ͳԵģһЩѰʱճƷлΪж
ˣϢɣ
ǺЦļ򣬵ҺͿ񽣾ˣһٹ㣡Ŷˣһܻе飬ֻÿ㣬㲻ɣ
᲻ᣡ
֣ЦܹΪҿôܵѾˣΪҵ̫ϳϣȻܶ࣬ҲعҵģϢһҵ߱ǣٷģȥĵطҾԲóȻȥģ
ǺǡˣôˣԼúϢ
ţ
ܿ죬񽣱뿪ˣҲ漴뷿У΢һºڴɣȥ

Ҵ۽磡
ʱ֣ԼоϢ˵죬ڿ񽣵Ĵ£ʼй
ȻߵĵطֻһЩΪͨģ˿û漰صĻܣƵǱ߶ûȥϾڲŽ죬񽣶Ҳ㼫Ϊ˽ˡ
˵ʲô֮أƵûеõ֮ǰҲǾԲܹȥģֻͿ񽣣֮Ҳˡ
ʱȴһţһ߸̾ѣੲݵȫǸ֮ʡ
ǺǣǣҪȻôܳΪ۷֮أһЦ
˵۷塭
ͻأģȻˣ㲻Լҵ𣿡
ǺǡҰ
ɫһһĨӣ̾ǰȷԣҲȷԼҵĵմѪСͲԼҳ󣬶ڻԪ½Ǳߣ׼ȷ˵ӦԼڿп޵ˣ
ɣ
ƺûеıˣʵԼѾˣûʲô뷨أ
ʲô뷨
ҡͷڵ뷨Ǻúõ׷үһжȶ֮󣬾ȥеٺ١ܹٸӣٺ٣

һͣ˿һۣȴЦǺǵĵ뷨ҲӣҸӦԪ
˵첻ɫһ
ˣڣ
㣬ȻǸӣӦԪѾͶѪ£ǻҪޣ㣡
лл
񽣵ĻǸжȴ漴̾ǣϾҵĸףӼƶӲĸ󣡸飬ӵҲһΣֻϣܹʱͷ
ǰ
񽣵ͷͬʱҲһ̾
ԼƵˣҲǺӦԪջûеõʲôõ³
ˣЩˣ
ǿһЦָԱߵȥǱߣҿǱߺֵӡ
Ŷﰡ
˳ȥЦ֮ƽѵĵطȥҲ޷
˵䣬˱ǳǰȥָܿλá
ʵһȽϴľʱʱؿԿ˽еƣеɫȻЩһˣɼ⾺˵ƽѵҲͬġ
񽣴磬ôˣ
ǰ񽣴Ҫ³ĻǸô
Ǿǣ˵ù񽣴磬Ҫ³˿Ҫ飡
һ뾺в˷׷Цų񽣴кһԵüΪ顣
Ϊλ̫ϳߵľĸУ˲֪˲ÿˣ𶼴ӲκεɫټϿ񽣱ּΪϲѵˣ֮пνȵ
⣬ֻҪصʱ򣬻ÿ춼ߣʵͲ׵Ҳָ֪˶ˣ˶俴ʦѰĴڡ
ܸ߰
ſһ˴кӣ쵱Ц˵
У
죬ָǾĸ̨˵ﲻһľĸ̨ÿ춼ȥȶ໥ҲһĶעΪľһִ̼̼Ŭ
Ϊ̫Եʣÿ̨˶Ҫǰһ챨ÿ̨ÿֻʮ飬ֵֻڶˣ
̨ϴļҴ񽣵Ҳ¶һĨЦݡ
Ѿһʱ䣬ûˣһпȥôС
ôŪѵͲ»ɸ𣿡ʵ
Ϊʲôأ
񽣺ǺһЦΣҶһˣ⿪ˣ˵ֶĶȤһּѣߣΪô򵥣
ŶĪǻʲôĵط
˿Ǿ仰ʱ۾һǺʵ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ֪Ļȥүɣɲ˵˶֪أ
ŶǺǣȻܣҲͲˣ
ڨڨЦЦȴһĨûâ
񽣴磬ô뵽ˣˣλѡ
ʱȴи˹ƽ
ߵ񽣽ǰƽЦǺǵֱڿ񽣼ϴһ£ĿϣЩ⡣
İףкѵһ
ƽү
񽣺ǺһЦ漴㽫һ飬ƽȴЦǺǵк漴ż˵񽣴簡׼³棿
찳Ͳȥˣ
ҡҡͷȴǺЦˣƽүôһ˰㲻ӦܷܷСĪǣѸˣ


1671 Ƶѣķۣ
񽣴˵öԣܷܷСǰƽˣ
ǾǣҪȻƽô˿ᰡ
ҿƽıˣ
ſ񽣵ĻΧ˷׷׸ͳŪƽͷߡ
ι˵ǹ˰
ƽΧЩ˵ۺʲôʱˣЩһ˭ҪٸҶ˵һ䣬̨ôʰǣ
ƽ磬İѾˣٺ٣̨ҲУʱƤЦĽӿڵ

ƽıҵĿЦã俴ſЦӣˣ˵񽣴磬ɱ˵ܷܷһֱأҾԼҪͻˣžȻͻˣȥ
ðɣǿ㣡
񽣵ͷȻô˵ʵϿϵıȴȫһŪƽƵļֱޡ
ٺ١
񽣼ûûεЦţñϵҲǿֱ֣ƽϾŵһμ棬Ҳʲô̫ԵıʾûǿЦݵӣȴʹƽơ
ˣҲ˵ˣ
ƽЦѣŤͷͳȥһ߻һֵ߰ЩһﶼҼסˣСĵҰǶͷ

Ц죬ƽȴԽԽԶһǳ뿪˴ҵߡ
Щ˸ǼΪͣȴûһע⵽

һߣڿ񽣴쵽йʱרԺΧȴǳһ磬Ժȴ飬ѣԼŮǺŮһһߺŲ裬һ߳ϵĸ㣬Ȼ⿴УȴһЩء
ΪƵɫôأ
ƶ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôҪ飿ܲʵ
ϵҵ˵زҪûĶһۣص
ʲô
⻰ʱ豭һ͵̧ͷȥ
ƶ㣬⻰ʲô˼
ŮҲ׷һǾ֡
ȻѪռǱҲǳΪİ򰡣ټϻô˵ػôʲô飿
ߣԼѪµȻǲ˵ָƣѪҪҶ֣ҲϢ㲻ܼʱ֣˿ʼҲµġ
ʱǵĿⶼȫ˳ϣϣڹ⿪ЦȴϣʧƴʱȴǼᶨɫҲΪء
ðɣô£ƶ˵˵²豭
ڡ죡
ƺ촽³
ʲô
֮ʱɫһ䣬ôܣ
ûͷϹԶ쫷Ǳߴ̽׼ȷϢ컹Ļɡ
ϾʵȷһЩټӦԪǱߵ϶ʮɭϣ˲һܹӵҲȷȷʵʵһ˻ɵĵط
ȻȴǽӵϹԶϸȥ˶Ļɣ
񱻳ἰ֪ƾ޵ķʸ֮˵ǰ£Ȼ˵Ųܣʵĵ׵ֻȴٴ
ƶ㣬ô£ʵ
ҵõ׼ȷϢȻԾǱˣʵȴѾƵѪܣ˵
Ѫܡ
⻰ǲɫһ䡣
Ѫܲûʶֻܱ
ˣƣ
뵽ƹĸ֣ɵ۾΢Уƶ֤𣿡
磬֤Լˣ
ͻȻ䣬۾һ˵
ţ
ȴüëһŤͷȥʲô֤ݣ
ˣ
һĨâһֱ֣ʵԪڶѣҲûʲôĵطôָܻô죿ᵤЩصƣ»㣬еҩľ˫ãҲָܻѸ١
һΪΪĳĻָҲû̫⣡
ˣ۾һУƶĻȴңѪܵĻôһо˵ͨˣܵˣ˵ԪڣʥҲһܹļַɹ
˵ƶǹŪģü
Ӧ׼˵ģ
Ƶͷ˵ʦ˼ҴϢҲӦԪѪϹǿģĿľΪǶŲɣ
֤𣿡ɵ
ûУ֪Ǻ⣬ӲҪ𣿡
ƻԵʣһˣôܻ˵ðĪǼ򵥵ġ桯֣ͿԽһУ
֮ڸδã
üûκʵԵ֤ݣҪóȻ֣ȪǱ߲ýͣҿ񽣶Ҳӣɲÿᣡ
Ⱦʱ
ڿ˵ˣÿ԰мӣֻҪжǱ̳֣һҪаղ䷢֣Ѫܣô֪ضˣԼⷽһ
ݴҲԣǡ
Ʋü˭ҲûмƵѪܣҲ㲻ǲǻʲôֶΣһҪֹоٶκξٶԷˮһҪӵ
ѺͳƵ˵Ҳ׷ױʾǵȴɫѿѡ
˵ôһΣضҪѪһʹĽѵ
죬ѪܵĻǾıˣ

ϣغ沢ûʲôҹ˱˯
ռ䣬ʵȴʱȫһ£ֻŨҪܶˡ
ھרԺ䲻ԶǸԺҲסĵط
ԺУһƬڴϣ˫ţ˿κε˯⣬֮ʱҪѺܶࡣ
Ҫģȴʱ˫ȴ˵Ѫ⣬ڰУ»ᵱһɣ
ȷ򵥣
ѪҸҲʲôᵥңֻҪˮʳ棡ʳһģ
УһжʱһɫƿװʲôֻԼˡ
ġۣ
ۣһһٵĵ
ݺ¸ϢƿķֻҪָ׸ǵһ㣬Կ˵񣡸ݿ֮˵ʵͬܿʱҲг̣ڿʱڣñ֮˵ɱҲûκѡ
ңȴǻһΪĵط
ķ۵ʱƹȥ֮󣬱֮˲κεĲʲôԾĵط
˵Ŀģͨķ죬ҵλ߲˽ѪɽҪĴбõ֡
ôҲţһоٶʵһ˫۾ڰпţ񾭹ƵѣҲѾ˾Եľ֮ģ


1672 ֪񽣣ѣ
ʱ䣬ȫΪĴ·ˣ棬˽˸صϢҲΪԵ̫õԵʣҲʶ˲ٵˣڶ̶̼֮ڱ˴ҶΪϤףڼǻԹöһޱȼģ
ֱ񣬿³Ǽ֮⣬û˶κεĻɡ
ҲݵϷȷܺõԵʰɣ
˵ʱ򣬴첻ٻȪ˵ѪսΪ˲ĿеӢۣüҵŮӶ׷׳Ͷ˰ĽĿ⡣
գʣз·𶼶˼ְݵϢ
ֻרԺԺűֱƿЦŴ˽үҰ£׼ȥߣ
Ŷ׼ȥĶЦÿ£ʵ
ɽ£Ķ
ƲƲ죬ɲܴԶˣȻҪʲôΣգǰһ˿ס
ǺǣҲԣһߣȷúúÿ
ǺЦЦȴү㵽˵ʲôͿ˵ɣǼһﻹڵŰأ
ʲô
ٴνϣ漴豭һڣĵмҺ룬ջǾҪ˵һ˵ȻСûͷûԵģ˿»֪أ

Ŵ죬ү⻰ɶ˼ôеף
Ѿľ͸װͿɣ
²豭ûĵΪҲ˽㣿û´ĻѾһЩɰɣǶ죡
ү˵ʲô̧̧ۣΪ죬ʲô𣿡
㡭
񽣵٣ɵ΢΢ü⼸һֱһûʲôԵĵط
ûа
ҡҡͷص漴ȴͻأһֵͣŶˣڶǵķ˺ϲⰳУҵ˼
ϲˣ
㶣أ
˵ôͳΪ̫ϳϺأٺ٣ҿڼֱүһߣЦ
Ŷô
һЦ㾹Ȼ˵ҵЩ飬Ҳѹ㲻Ҫ
û˵
û˵꣬񽣱漴ϵ
ʲôû˵
һٵû˵ĻǴĶ֪ҵݣ
Ǻö˶֪𣿡Ʋ
ԣⲻԣ
ҡҡͷ۵ҳΪҵ̫ϳϣȥ֮飡ǱΪ飬ϢôͨңѾ˰ұܣ֪еλ̫ϳϣԲ˻ң

⻰ҲǱһЩүˣ֮ǰƽүȻᵽܷܷС㣬ƺ֪ƽүܷܷС֮Ĺϵԣǵеģ
ǵģƽܷܷҲȥģ
ףüѡ
үڵʲôԾģ˵˵ʵ
ðɣʵƶģӡ
΢֯һԣǽ֮ǰ˵飬Լָлɣȫ˳ÿɫ仯ϣȻԼ뷨
ģ
ȻվŭĺھȻѪܣôүȥ
һ
ѾԶĿ񽣣켱æʲô

ͣסΣ죬ȴǲ֪˵ʲôΨϵŭ޷ƽϢ
ˣҸ㣬嶯Ҳҵļƻ
㲻Ҫȥȥɣס͵ʲôûУ֮ٺúûһǰȥĵطԼ˵κλ˵˵
ã
񽣵ͷһűƽһЩ漴뿪Ժ䳯ȥ
񽣲ûбϿȥôֿϸ緢ĸҲ˿ҲԲᱩ¶ڵ뷨ֻǵڲ˽ʵ֮ǰᱻãԲʱ˵һС
ֻǣҲΪ񽣸̾
ΪȪ˵飬Լ֮ÿ񽣶Ųɣ֪ǵĻɣܹŭ
֮õĸоȷܲܡ
ڿ񽣽ôദҲûȥ롣
ҹϢԺУҲǽ⼸췢һУԼ˵лﶼȫظһ飬˳˼ȴҲʵڸ㲻쵽Ҫʲôõİ취ԾݴֻͣҪܹеٶƿϾͿˡ
ǾƵѪܣʵϾֻԪڣǿҲԲᳬʥⷽ˵Ҳʲô̫ĵǡ

ʲô˵ˣ
תǼȥʱ֣ϱϢʱ򣬿ȴǼҴҵ˽ԭܼ򵥣쾹ȻȻˡ
ţ
ҲЩɫѿˣȥǸٲû밳ȥȻˣ

̴Ϸȥңȥң
ã
񽣵ͷҪߵʱȴֵ£סҪˣӦôżֲŶԣ
ףүȥˣ
Һһ𣡡
˼⣬ǺͿһͬ뿪ˡ
Ȼ߳ûԶȴǺȻһɫΪѿ
үôˣʵ
ˣ
ϸ˵ǻִϿ񽣣ֱ˲뿪
ʱѾ˲ڲʹ˲ƵĹˣϾ̫ϳϣⷽ滹Ŵġ
ȻҪĻǹϵ
֮ͨϵ˲˽һЩ顣
֮ǰã棬ȴǺȻЩԾĵطСһ̾ȥǺСʵʵȴΪף˵ڣܹӮĸûжˡ
ֱ춼Ūжǿ
ΣվŮ
ڽʲô־ϵȴǸֻܸоΣգǺܴΣգ
磬ô£
˲һΪƫƧɽ⣬Ϳ񽣸ոͣµʱ򣬳ҲǸ˹
ȴֻһˡ

ҡҡͷ棬ʲôطҲ֪
죿кâһ
ǣ
ͷ˵ˣǵңһҪҵ
֮ǰѾ֪ͨ˼Ҳܿ˵
Ǿ񽣣ȼǣڴԺҺƶȥҼɣ
ٵ˵˵֮ûи񽣶˵ʲôʱ䣬Ǻͳǰɽ
죡
սȭͷҪСССүһͷһƤ


1673 ʣ
񽣣ʲôôȻˣ
ûӣԨ˾͸˹񽣵ĵһۣԨǳʵ
Ҳ
ҡҡͷΪ֮ǰѹʱҪ˵ȥҲֻװʲô֪
㰡
һֱԨҲǽ񽣵ԼӿȻûطǰүүү֮Ĺϵү
ˣĳϣǻȽȥ˵ɣڰ֣
ɰСһһֱ֮жɱһĿû˾Ͳϲǣ˭룬Ȼǵĵʧ٣Ϊ֮𣬱˵ڵһжȫƿأܺδκ飬ܹһʱɴ˴Ȼ޸о˿ڡ
ͷ·СһѾ뿪һһϢû£
ҲԽżǴϺͶϻҪ𶼺޲ýһϹæѰˡ
ԣԣҵǲ£
ĻԨͷ˱Ҫǰɽ
үӡ
ȴǺĽסǡ
ţ
˽Ųһ٣Ťͷȥ£
ү˵Ʒ˽ȥǣ˫۾ĽУ񽣲ɵڨڨ
ţ
⻰λʱüͷһ壬ʲô˼
Ҳ֪
ͷҲȥţүã
ôطôܹ죿Ҫ˵ɴȥҸһңҪʲô飬Ǹô죿Ԩӵ۵˵
ĳϣ
ȴۺ룬ƽ˵Ȼô˵϶뷨ˣڵɲǰˣ
ˡðɣ
ԨҲΣԣȴҲûз
Ͼ˵ڵѾ˾ԵʵΪҵĵλ̫ϳϣ

λִֵĽɽҲһȻĿ漴ȴǵǵĳȥϣһСһһһ塯ĳ˹

һߣƽɽк󣬶һк֪
ļļǰţȴ֮ͨľӦ𽥵ĳڵλüٶȥ
ţֻҪҵҲ϶ڸ
ã
Ȼȴͻأɫһ䣬ߵĳһ磬ôˣ
ߣҺ֮ľӦϵˣ
˵ųƵС֣ٶٴ
ô
ҲüΪѿ
κƻһ磬ɽмٴպܿɽһˮСϪߣȴǷһЩۼ
ǲ֮ǰ
ƶ˵
֮־Ӧϵ֮ǰȷ˵Ӧ
ЩۼϣδȫɢϢ
أȲʵ
⡭
ۣȥɫ
ƶûа취ҵǣʵ
ǣٴʩչطƻص
ط
һųһͷòײŻָں㷢뵽УѪʹ彫Ҫ֮ѪӶħѪʱ򣬳ΪѰʩչط°հͷ
ٴʩչǺ»ء
ܹҵڵأôҪʲôΣգĲ롣
һʱ䣬ЩԾ
ˣ磡
һˣһҾʩչط
ɡ
컹׼˵ʲôųµݣȴǲԴ˴ԼȻڳƸո΢˫׼ʱȴǺ۾һϲƶ
ɳ˵쵱ٴס|ģֱԾǰСϪǰȥ

һΣȴǺܿڴžʮ￪һɽԱߣʱСһﾹӵŻ˹ȥƼ״ԥܹȥ
ãûˡ
һʱһСһ״ŷ
ְ֡
ΪͳƵڣ΢΢˫ۣȾȡ㡭㣡
ƵĻ˵֮ͷһٴλʣ컳С

ɫһ䣬ҲǺͨģٴϸΪ飬ȴûзκβԾ֮Ϻڶƣֻͬ˯ȥһ
硭
üɫΪԻ

ؽƻУСıһ̽õĽȴҲǺͳһ
Ƕίʵʮ֡
ûµĻô˵ĻҿǵӣӦǾһЩֵ飬ֻʲôأ
ƶߣ뿪˵
ã
Ƶͷһ˱һҪ뿪ȻʱһӰӲԶٶСС㣬Сүǿ쿴ҵʲô
ϲɫ졣
٣Ʒˣô
ͳƵɲǣʱһ㶣Ѿǿ첽ߵ˽ǰ
⻰ɣ
üģ
ǰ
ҡҡͷ˵СССүң˵Ҫҵ棡Ҹû취ֻܾǴˣ
ô
üô£ܸ𣿡

ʱƺſͳƻУѾʹȥСһɵõɫһ䣬ŵһЩҰˮֱһأæ٣⡭ô£ȥҶʱǶúõİ
ˣȳȥ˵
һ֣ûиʲôɫǱֱȥ
߰ɣ
һۣҲǱ
⡭
Цã뿪ıӰ˫һĨâ»ָֻʧӣϽϡ
үƷˡ
ɽڴĿ񽣼˵ĳ֣ʱĿ첽ӭȥ
үСССүôˣʵжޱȵɭ䡣
⵽ô£
ԨҲæʵ
ȥ˵
ҡҡͷδͣɫĳʹһɫųרԺ伱ٷȥ
ԨЩЦɵһ۸ֵ죬Ҳûжʵļæϡ
ڰô£ôСС㣬Сүһ𣿡
ߵߣʵ
Ҳ֪ô°
ɥСССүȥģ
ˣڣ㣡߰ɣȥúõغүͽͣ׵ģļЦ
ţ
ͷһͬ뿪˴ǵȴ໥䶼ûзֵĿһĨâ̺ȴȫȻͬ


1674 ͣȻѣ
רԺУ˸ϻ֮⣬飬ѣټ綼ȫۼ˴
СһѾ˷¡
Ϻڶûκƣֳ˯ûʲôʮĸܵƽȵĺβ΢һЩ
˵ġȾȽ㡯ȴǳΪͳͷĲ⡣
մ𰸣Ҳֻϡ
ڶĻɣѾԾɾʱ¶ϾֻСһ飬ټûбץסֳˣҲȫһʲĽȥƷɣһݾߵĻƱػӦ
ҲҪʵģֻҪעⲻǣ
Ͼݲͬ飬ܲʵĻضӵɻ
ԣ벻֮䣬߶ȱҪպã
ְ֣ȥú͵ܵܣ
ʱԺЩأȴǺȻ˵һ󣬱㾶ֱ뷿С
ľٶǸƽĺˮһʯӣ֮ǰص˲˲١
㵹˵ô£Ԩʵ
үү𼱣û£ֻ˯ѣ
û֮ǰҲֻô˵
⻰죬ȴпٵһĨϲɫδκע⵽ˡ
졭
Ԩ˵֮󣬱Ťͷȥüղ˵ȥģ
ţǵģ٣
ͷ齲˳
ŵ˼˵ĿԺеȺ񽣣ΪѾҪȥǸٲȥϾҲȷһΪĵط
ȻԼҲû뵽Ȼ˵ûˣҲû£Ծǣ챾ܾţСһȴǲģ˵˿ҲãҲֻεӦ£СһĴ·Уֱȥ˸ղŵǸɽ
ȥСһ棬Цѡ
СϪСһȥǸɽɻûŽȥǾ˵ˣҪԶ
Ķ׼СһúõչԼȥҸûʲôԵġ
գҵһЩҰˮ˳ζ֮żæЩˮûʱ򣬾ÿͳҲڣСһȴѾ˹ȥ
Ȼ˯ûʲô𣬵뿪Ƕʱ䵽׷ʲôҲ֪
Щ˵ʮ˳˿ûκεԥ˿̵ıҲʮʲôԾĵطڵ˶ͷ
٣λȻҵȷ֪׷ʲôҲȷΣҴӦСССүȥ棬ҲԲ
Цų˵ʲôҪĵط뾡ܷԸ¾ҪҵҲȻһüͷ
ˣ
ļ򣬶˵үȺڻȥˣʲôµĻֱӽаǣ
ţõģ
ͷߵǰ찡Ҳ⣡ֻʣȺͿ񽣻ȥɣ
ǣлл٣
칪Ӧŵֱڳ˷׷׵ͷʾһͬ뿪
뿪󣬹˺һüʵ磬˵Ķģ
Ӧǣ
ͷȴоâһ϶ʲôû˵֮ľӦڼЩ϶Ȼʧʮӣڼ϶һЩʲôǲ֪飡
Ǻ⣿
ԣ׵ԨЩǵ⣿
ǺǣȷһЩܴĻɣʱ֤ʵˣ
ЦЦ˵үүһֱǶϡ
漴ǽ֮ǰ˵ĻһϽ˳Ԩأɫѿ
˵кܴȷˣ
к˸㻹ʲôĪ飬û˵ô򵥰ɣ
һֱҲÿڼû뵽ȻЩʧ㣡һүүʱ֪ɣĵ
Ŷ
Ļλٴɫһ䣬Ԩæղ㲻˵û⣬ֻ˯𣿡
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ʵ˵Ҳʵ
Цһ£ǵȷֳ˯װҺκ˺ۣǣ˵Ǿ䡮ȾȽ㡯Ļ
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ְ֣衭ú͵ܵˣ
Ļû˵꣬ľǴڴ˳
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬Ժڵ˶ʱȥգۼȫȻʧĴߡ
ʱСһȴһͷˮڴϣ˫۾ܲôЩˣŪô¡
ְ֡
һֱСһ￴죬˵ĻУһ
ǵľƽûʲô
ԣȥãðְּһ壡Сһһڣ˵
壿Ϊʲôѽְ֣
Ȼʮɻ󣬵ǻǹԹԵ˴ϣҲСİϸ飬Ӻɻջ֣û£һ
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Сһǣ֣۾ģǲӦôؼأ
ţ
⻰ڳ˾һ
һǰʵǵְ˵ʲô𣿡
˵ʲô
Դ裬Ͱְ˵Ļܶܶѽ
֮ǰǺȥǸطƵ
ûаǸʱûкͰְ˵
СһҡԴְֶûȥأôܺͰְ˵أ
⡭
Ļ֪СһﲻѵĴԽɻˡ
ƺЩ֡
͵ܸܵһȥʲôأֳʵ
ûʲôѽ
ͷһ˵ǸȥûһȻͻصأ
ȥûһ
⻰ٴɫ䡣
ԣԣ
۵п϶
ǾȥϪ׽׽㣬ȻҺ͵ܵȥһɽأȻԶȥҶԣȻûأ΢ϸ˵
˵ЩȴǺԵĻһ£÷˽üͷ
Ȼ˵ĶһȴҲֵĵط
ΪǾ仰ͳƶʵʵ˵ģǻ
ȣǲ˵ѵġ
ΣͳҲġ
㣵ģô׷ʲôջҪϡ


1675 
һʱ䣬ڵ˶ЩȻҶ뵽˺һ⡣
ⲻĻǴҶİ
ְ֡
ȻݣӣԵЩӡ
Ǻǣˣû£
ЦЦСһ±˻УЦʲôʱҵСССүôˣӴðְЩأ
һ˵컹һ߳Сһ˼ڣǿĵĿֱЦŵҲһ˲ȫ߽⡣
ҺүүˣʲôĻһҪ֪ͨǣ˵
õģ
ͷĿԨ뿪ЦŶСһ˵ְָԣ
ţ̫ÿ
ἰ⣬˷ܲѣ컳Ϻ󣬱ȲܵԺԹԵȺͼŮľһݸ
磬ȥܵðɣְ׼һ£Ťͷ˵
ţ
ɵĵͷΪŮߵ档
硭
ŮĿϣǽüͷ
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ڰ֣ŮҲûж˵ܿԺӳζСһͲûпˮˡ
꣬СһǴŹǷĻط˯ǵӣ·һֱ˯Ƶġ
ҲǼŵܵãŮľ¶˼ΪܰЦݡ
ԺУʰտ֮ĲоֺԺƷȴΧ죬һ϶ֳźܶʵɫҲǱЩŹ֡
ˣ֪л˵Ǿֱ˵ɣҲûˣЦõķ²豭
ѵûУ
ûĳ춪һۣ磬ѵˣǸ졭
Ҳᣡ
ִϵǶǲ˵ѣԹؼɽе׷˺£԰ɣ
ķ
΢һٺȣ˵Сһ˵Ļһ£ӱҲȷˣӦûʲôģ
ôˣҺƶ˵Ǽ֣ȴַϣǻܹɽеľô£
Σıֺƽйأı־Ϳ˵Ȼͬ⣡һǵľȷʵ˯֮ʱĺڶ֪ô˵ʶ˿κεĻң
˵ƵԵҾǵڶ㣡
Ҳǣ飬ŮҲǷ׷׵ͷӦ͡
һǸͳˣôôȷ˵һĻӿԵ

Ŵ˻ŮҲǷ׷׳Ĭ
⣬һ㣬ڼȷϣǾСһ֮󣡡
Եô첢û˵Ǿ仰ǰ£Ѿ֮ǰ֮ʲôֶΣŻиղôƽ̬ȣ
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Ƶͷ漴ȴüҲ԰磡Դҵ֮Ǿһֱû뿪һ㣬ʲôֶΣҲǰʩչİɣ
Ūأ췴ʵ
Ūã
ƺŮһ
ˣҺ֮ľӦǺȻϵ˵ģ
ۣ֮ǰ˵ǶԵģôھӦϵʮʱ䣬ضʩչֶεڼ䣡Ҿ벻ͨʲôֶΣı䣬ȫźõȥ˵

ĻŮһĬ
кâ˸˵ôʲôҪɴȥǼһץҪҲ˵ʵֱӷ
ͬ⣡
ԥӦѾû취ˣ˭ұ֤Ǽһﲻ֣һҪ漰ҵİΣºڶˡ
üƼ״ȴֱȥ
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ķۣ˵ĵ
һֻ̬һܶһģǾһʱڿ˵ǣñ֮ȫշԸȥȥ˵ºһӡûУȫʧȥЩһ
˼˵ƭ˻ķۻ߻ĵ׷ʵ
֮⣬Ҳʵ벻Ľˣ
ףұȽƫڻķۣΪⶫɫζһˮʳﵱУ¾Ҳֲˣ
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ԣǶԽֽ͡
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Ϊķۻһص㣬Ǿڱڼ䣬Աⰲż䣬Ұŵķ侳ҲֻҪһӡ
򵥵Ľһ£漴ٴ˵ķۼΪϹʱҲˣҼǵõ伮عϹʱڵѪûķۿ˲ٵˣΪǵŰ˾޴ã
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ףͨľӦ֪ҲӦǶһЩɣ͵͵һǲ飬Żȥԭ򣡡
ᣬҲҪģȻѾԼˣԾСһȥɽǱߣ
ڼ䣬Ҫˮ߳Զͳû˻ķۣСһһЩʱ䣬ͬʱǹһЩźõļ䣡
֮һоܹȫ͵ͨˣڻһ⣬쵽жٻķִۣСһе֪ЩʲôҪģķ۵ûнҩ
˵쳯ȥ
Ů֮䣬ҲΨп֪
˼Ҳ֪
Цһ£ҡͷе伮УҲֻǼ˻ķ۵Ĵڣҩ˿δᣡ
ڸô죿
ţ΢һٺȴֵҪȥֹҲֶͬΡ
Ȳ
Ƭ̣ȴҡͷ첻ǺܴѾѪҪóȻжôƳ˱ضض룡硭
˴ȴǸֳһĨϰԵаЦ罫ƾͼƣǴɸһϷȻòٴγУʱջ񣡡
ŶϷ
ĻŮ۾һ׷׳ߴ٣ȴ죬ԶݾӵĿԺȥаЦ


1676 ׻龧
ڣ𣿡
ǵڶ糿񽣴ֵԺ

ˣ̽ԺŴ˿һ߰ѿӭȥһʵôô͹ңǲǻڻҰʲô֪
ˣڣүԸĻĻסȥ
ЦһͷſİɣɲΪǸСССүѾүٷ࣬ôܼأ
Ǿͺã
һ֪ʵʵֻҪǲҾͺã
ٺ١ڰԹ緹˰ɣʵ
ԹˣôҪңͷʵ
ǰ㰳ȥ£񽣵
ɶ°ȥ죿
ܺ棬ȴһ̾ɫޱȸӣ΢˶żڣԼˣ㣡үӰҪҲֻ㰳ȥˣ
ʲô밡˵ôأŪҶˣЦ

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֪
֪֪ѪΪʲôҪ԰۷֣
϶ΪҪ򣡡
һԭǾ۷иרŵĴ
˵ɫüΪѿԼҾ֮һĳ׻龧ѾѪϸȥֱүüƸ˻ϣүͰ˵ΪԷһѳ׻龧ˡ棡ԼΨһʣµˣҪðȥãȻúŬר
׻龧
Щ֮۾ʱһܿȴ¶Ի󲻽ɫʵʲôҴûУҪȥʲôطȡ
ɽ̫Զаٶһɽȣ˼ү׻龧ǣȻڣԲŲᱻ˷֣
񽣺ٺһЦڰھŰȥɣ˳ȥߣߺüˣɽûȥ
õģȥϴԵȹ˵
ȥɣ㣡
񽣵ͷߴٵҲǺǺһЦ㾶ֱ߻˷УҲûÿ񽣵ȶãӺ˳һͬ뿪أſ˵Ǹɽȶȥ

ڣϲ㰡
ͬʱԶ·ĺ£ȴǴӷ߳󣬳ŷȺӦԪЦԵ
ºͿ񽣷ֱ𶼳ƺӦԪ츸ΪڣͬһƺȴŲͬ˼
µΪƽһ˿УӦԪͺһ˶١
ڲ˽ı仯֮ǰ񽣵һڡȴǾ֮Ĺϵֵͬһ㡣
񽣵ĳƺȴɺǰûκ𣬲ʱĿȴЦߵǺǻò˶þͿˡ
·ϣ˺´۵ӦԪȴ΢΢һ㶣СʵϣǲǱкϢ

µܺãͷղŴŸ׻龧Ѿ䣬ձԳɹõ֣
ģ̫ˣ
ӦԪ˷ܲѣµϲеôģҲֻӦԪԼˡ

ˣȴֺȻü˵ҪǱߣ׻龧Թȥﱾû֪𣿡
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ӦԪЩţôҪĶȻȥã
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ţ
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ӦԪӦŵں°ڰֺ˳ȥ
Ǻǡ
ķ򣬺¼ΪŹֵЦЦһ˫˫·ԽռƣǱ߷һϵϢҲڴʱøΪ

ǻҶð
ĳ˼ɽУЦõĵѾ˲һʱˣɽȻС浽ЩʲôһͿԿˣǲٺ˵ĵط
ûģûǴ
ҡҡͷ˵ǻǼҰɣү˵ڳ׻龧Χ󷨵ģ
ٲµ󷨣ܹҵ𣿡Цѡ
ɶܵģͿ϶ɽȣϸҰɣ񽣵
ã
컹˵ʲôΪ˰񽣣Ϊʲôɸ˵Ŀģڻһ󣬼һͬɽϸţһƤûŹ
Ȼֹȥ˽ʱʱ䣬ɺ޷֣˵Ѿǽɽȶһ׶죬ÿһʯͷÿһݶûзŹ

ЦãɲǴ˴
û˵꣬ȴǺȻǰ泯֣ڣ
Ķ
һ첽˹ȥ˳ſָķ򣬳ɽҲɽȥò˵ɣǶʲô𣿡
ȥܵɽȣͿκεȫɻ
㿴
Ȼȴҡҡͷ˵ֻүµĺۼطûУȻȥΧȫû𣬵֪ү϶Ҫҵĳ׻龧
Ŷ
⻰оеļᶨʱ۾һǿ̫ˣû˵Ҫôܽ׻龧õ֣
ûУ
񽣿Цһ£ҡͷү˵ðԼ취˵ҪǰòĻ׻龧ԵðԺҪˣһȰҪһ㣬ﰳ취£
һ㣿
˿⻰ʱЩﲻ΢һٺȴԵһ飬ȷ׻龧
ţٷְȷ񽣼ΪᶨĵͷӦ
ðɣ취
ͷǲٶԵλڿգָܿɽλƽİУǸطԺͷתʱʱ۾ڿӹɵڸΪЦһ¡
׻龧ı˳񽣻ܹõ
ܣ
ΪϽڴظϵ;УѾһ취Ҫ׻龧ߣֲÿκεĻɡ
ȻһеǰᶼǣҪ콫׻龧ȡ


1677 ޣʧ
漴Ҳ첢ն˵Ҳûٶ˵ʲô˳˼üοڱûв
λȪڼ䣬ɱִֵ֣Ļӡ
һȻΪԿѾʮ˽⣬ȴҲֻԼĿѣ˽񽣵Ͽ¾ֻһʦϹԶʦĪˮⷽ棬Բ˵á
·Լľ磬ʱͷ˼ʱΧüζɵɽǰϵôȻȴԾûκεķ֣˵ҳ׻龧ˡ

ȥʮӵʱ䣬ջĿ⣬ʵôоﲢκ쳣
ǿ϶Ϊүʵ̫ǿǲûʲô֣
˵ģڣǾԲߴطģ
ɡ
컹׼˵ʲôȴǿſǼᶨӣȴֺܿһ̾ˣǾٺú룬˭Ϊأ
ٺ١ллˣȻȥ֮󣬰ȾƣЦ
εİڰ֣һֱƲûʲô˵ˡ
ȴûע⵽һŵ⣬ע⵽ĳһ˲䣬ǱУȴָһգ۱Ѿʧ
ô£
ôһĵطûУ
ǲˣĪǣһбһ󷨣
˴춸Ȼ۾һŤͷ˵Ҽǵǰ˵ٳʵԽ֮⣬֮Ҳų޷ʵ
ţ
񽣵ͷЦүһ󷨴ңǰ󷨱ȶˣûһܹӮģ
Ȼ˵󷨽ǳ׻龧ôͿ϶ٲûἰֵķΧɣһȴ͵ʵ
ԣû˵ڣʲôͷܲʵ
û´Ļʵǽɽȵʱ򣬾Ѿµˣ
ۻΧҲֻܽǵĺ޷֣Ҷ룬µϢҲӦٹṩ
ģǡ
Ļ񽣶ʱ۾һү󷨣
ţ
üëһǺ⣿ĪҲΧ
ǣ
ҡҡͷ˵ү˵ˣʲôֵĻôһֻҪǶԵģôͻб仯ʲô䡭
ո˵Χƽбӿÿ񽣶ʱ죬һͬɴ˫۵ĳȥ
ʱΧĻȻ䷢һϵеı仯Щӿ֮һоͷ·𱻽ҿһʵıɴһжչ˳
󷨣
쿴ܣ̲ס̾ÿҲЦֱ졣
ⲻһģһʲô仯үȻƭƽ񽣵ü
һ
ϸϸ۲һºȴƶҡͷ㿴кŨĻϢɢȻӦǳ׻龧ڣǡ
𡭡
Ȼ컹û˵ɲǣһȴǶȻͿ񽣶ʱɫ˲䣬ʱŤͷķȥ
һͨɫľϰ׳ֲܿĲצļٳڵλϮ
ã
ɫ˲䣬ԥĳ󷽷ˡ
ǻɫȻɽ֮ǰȷһɽûκ˺ȴŤתףɴ˫ͭСۣݺݳȥżǿѹȡ
⡭ô£òҲٰźõİɣʵ
ǣ
ҡҡͷүû˵׻龧лػӦǺųֵİɣô
񽣰ѣȴһۣڿκμװɺȴҲ
ע⵽ɫ仯񽣵ȴҲǼΪЦ
Ϊ˵ˡ
ʵѾŵģȻֵɫǱΪϾС
ֻǣ첢δСı壬¾ǴѪǱ˽⵽СĴڣСһ˫صɫȴѾ˳ɫټƵħޱͺܶ࣬ԲŻڳɹƭסη
ޡ
ǰСĿЦãܵСɢκγֵ˼

֮£Ťͷ˵޵ĴڣҪ߳׻龧ǲ˰ɣ

Ҳһεӣ룬үҲ֪Ȼ鷢ȻˣҲҪһԣȻǰĲţ
˵ô죿
üǴһȻûжǶ֣ɢôֲҪôԣ
ˣһֿɣʵڲеĻֻүԹһˣ
˵漴ҲԥĳԾɱؽ
ðɣҲֻôˣʵڲУǱҪܣܳΪǴһʳ˵
ϣ
һǺԥĳֽС˹ȥ˲۷壬״ҲæֱϮǹ濴ȥϵļΪĬ
𡭡
Сһһףգ۵ĹһΪֱżٱƽĿӭȥ
ǵصӿݣÿ񽣺춼Ǻ䤱ǵĹףֲֿ˵ĳУ̺һɾ޴
ৡ
κεֿǱֱӺ˰׿⣬Ƶǣǿòɢȥ֮¶ȼߵ׾Ƹ֮һ㣬ϵȼգ
ǿ񽣺켰ʱתԪеֵĻò˶ñᱻЩ׸ճˡ
ŴŴš
䡭
Ȼڽһ˲䣬ȻɽڸĿռ䲻ĦɽҲ֮ζԭƽɽϸͬ֩ĵѺۼ
ô£գգۣʵ
ãǳ׻龧
۾һתȴǼ
ȻһɲǣǹѵĺۼȻըѿһɫĹâÿɫһ䣬Ҫ׷ȥ
ȻСٶȱǸ죬ڳ׻龧ɫâһ֣볯ȥɲǣһž޴ſֱӽǳ׻龧ȥ
ʲô
һĻͿɫ䡣
𡭡
̵׻龧ƺˡ
СϷвϷʹǾ޴ȴʩչȫϵĿֲٶȣʱԶٷȥ
⡭
ŨŨʧ˲ۼڿ񽣺ϡ
ۣ׻龧û취ûˣ
찡ô
һŭ𣬡үðȡɾȻǴһˣôү
ȥúõĺ˵һ˵ٻģǻȥ׷ȥ찲οһ£ʵ
׷׷𣿾׷ˣҲ򲻹
񽣼Ϊʧҡҡͷ̾ˣҲֻܻȥˣүôɣڰȥ֮Ҫ֤


1678 ϹˣӦԪ
ʲôô
У˿˵Ľͺ󣬶ʱɫһ䣬͵վ
һ˫ӵɵôģϣ񽣡
٣²ܹģ
켱æ͵ĳ֣ǾԿ԰ѳ׻龧ûģʱǡ
ˣ
û˵ȥֵһȥ죡ǳ׻龧Ҫû
үðȥɣˣҲһû̵Щ˼
٣һȥҲ֮˵
ˣȥ𣿡
ûĳ˵һۣǵʵףǾȥҲǰװˣаţȥɣȥҺúõһ룬񽣣һȡ֮󣬾ͽ׻龧㣡㡭̫ʧˣ
үˣڨڨͷСĵ
ȥȥɣ
üͷʾ⣬ŶһۣŵĿЦ뿪ˡ
չĶ˳
뿪һ顢ѡԼŮӷ˳Цӯӯĳ˵
˿ҲһЦҲղŵŭǰӣӦǺ˳Ϳôˣϣʧɣ
˵䣬ߺɫâһȻֵСС𣬶һֻõģҲ쿴̵˵ĳ׻龧
һУŮԼ̶˵߳ļƻ
Ȼ񽣴ҲˣŭҲڼƻ֮С
ү
ʱҲ۷Цѡ
ЦʲôЦ
ûĵһۣһк󣬱ÿľƺ«ԶɵУཹཱུĹ˼ںŽƺ«׸񽣡
үҲ̫˰ɣ
ζһ¾ƺ«۵ĵʣµıͲˣ⼸ָŪһ룡
ģҪ㣿Ʋߵ
òãʡȱǣһεľƣ÷ͰͿҪˣҡͷٺЦ
Уʱһ룡ֱӵ

⻰񽣶ʱ˫ۣĵү㲻ɣ
ʲô᣿ٺȵã
ƲƲ죬ſ񽣻׼˵ʲôֵˣЩûõˣ˵˵ɣô
ٺ١
Ƚƺ«СĹ䣬һԣЦһжȫүļƻչǼһڻȥ֮󣬺Ȼ˵Ҫȥߣ˵ȥ㶫һҲ֪϶ȥ취׷СˣҪȻȥˣ
㲻ȥûɣһʵ
Ļỳɰһôʵˣ˵鲻ãˣ񽣵
ʵСɧ
û̧ڿ񽣼ϴһ£˶ٵˣ֪ˣǼһϹˣСȥɣͿˣ
ء
߹ԹŵСһ漴Զգ۾ʧ
үС𵥶ȥ²ðɣһҪǱ߹ʵ̫ǿǡЩĵʵ
⻹Ҫ˵
ƲƲ죬İɣͰźˣβܴʲôˣֻҪѪϵıǵߵһܲ
ٺ١ǾͺãҪ´ݾߣȥ֣񽣼Ц
֣СĿСס
ٺ١
Ѿϰ䳰ȷ˿ϡ
Ц֮ȴǺȻӣֻÿ񽣼üŪ۵ĴյǰүҲй֮˰ɣ
ǿ㣡ƳһɢĵŪͲˣ

Ŵ죬һŶӣһģ
ˣ񽣣˵ĻԵ㣡
鿴ĲһЦ½ˣȥŪ⣬ʱһԱô
ٺ١У
һЦȴǿЦųȥ鰡ҵĽ࣡ԻԱ֪Ҫٶ𣿡
ôԸ⣿
˫һԲ
Ը⣬Ը⣡
ʱͷüŮݸѣҲЦƽȫͬӡ
ЦЦЦЦƨЦ
˿ֻı飬Ȼ̧֡
ٷǣȻȥԷˣ
״񽣺ԥĳȥĲУһִ򰡡
͡
ŮҲǻ֦չЦͣǱľͲ࣬һЦǰı·ʱѳƵģøոŤͷʱ۾һֱ
˴֣վаЦĳŮȥ
ˣ鰡ǲҪƺȻ
Զԣǿ߰ɣʱͷ
ߣ
ѺҲû˵ЦһŮ̳ȥֻĵıӰԼһЦ
Ǻúݰ
ľԼҪƵˣԶȥıӰֻתͷڵĻѹȥֱ˴Ĳˮǿ滺һЩ

һߣںͿ˵һҲǿ뿪أȥһʮֲ۵ĿջС
ջͨУ˴ϹӦԪ
죬ôû°ɣӦԪæʵǹġ
ʲô£
Ļһ䣬ޱľֱ£б䣬ǳ׻龧һͷ£֪׷ɵδȥˣι˶ˣֿɹ
˵ʱΪ䣬ûһԣԿ񽣺ǵʱֱˣʱҲȫһ
죬㡭
ԼӱӦԪЩʹ
֪ΪΣʱȻһͷԸǸǸʱ졣
뵽ӦԪɫٱ任˺ü¡
ףûҵĻѵûн㣬һжҵķԸӣüʵ

ӦԪعǱɫһ䣬˿˿ⶸȻ
ȻҲףѾûˣ
ѪµĴǿǺ·
ʲôѵҪظһ飿ü
òã
ӦԪҡͷһɫô˵ɣҴȻ࣬ÿһԪϣ⣬Ҳϵ⸽Բǧ֮ڵˣʱȺķԸ
źߣ
ӦԪĻĵͷ˶ٺȫȥҪʱ鵽ټһκϢʱϵң⣬ҲȥŴд
˵⻰վüһҪץʱ䣬ʧУȻ뿪һʵĵطϾҵĵ̣ܾô


1679 ̽
ڣǻˣ
⣬ɽΪϾ˵ԵʣҲֻͨ񽣡
ʱ򣬿񽣱ǿЦһ¡
ôˣ
Щ죬һЩĶϾҵĽھǳȥҪǲǺܴĴ©
ǳ׻龧飿
̾̾ˣȻȥ˵ɣȻүֵˣ

ۣҲûٶ˵ʲôǺͿһͬصأڼҲ˲⼸ʶˣҲһǴк
ӱϿľһڽѵˣ֪ݵ֮ˣʱҲЦӭϾڴУĹϵǺܺõء
صصĿԺУ콫ĶһԣſǾͲûֱһŵЦٻڹ㣿Ҫȥ˵˵
˰ɣ
ҡҡͷʲôгԵûү˵ˣҪð죡ⲻľƺ«ˡ
ҿ㲻ԶȾ˰ɣ
˿񽣵Ļ쵱һЦҲڨڨͷ
ãγȥҲһЩƻҪǺȵ㣿Ц˵
ۡóҲ֪ǲܲȾƵģ
۾һǴߴٵ
Ҳûгɣʱó˼ƣڷ˾һ
ƺЩĻᱻ췢֣ÿٺһЩȴͬʱѰһЩ⣬Դ̼񽣵ĺȾƣÿڶ̶ʱڣ࣬Լȴֻ֮һҡ
ǰȾƵĿ񽣣һĨâ볰ȴûע⵽ǣͬһ㣬ṴճаȻߣһţ
áٺˣһҪȥ
꣬񽣸ոĺʱȴֺܿķȥ
ȥ
۾һ漴ȴϷʵʵȥĶòҪ͵͵ȥõİɣ
Сӣ
⻰۾һģõľߣȥĶңСӣɱԩûбˣ
СҶã
ƲƲ죬Ͷһ񣬿û룬ȴһվ۵ڣСӱ˵㣬үðȥµģšŲȥʲôõģ
ȥ£
ʱʵò̵˳׻龧ĻϢ˰ɣɣô׼ȷϢˣ
ǡ
ͦͦţ˵ڰǵһߣ԰ү˽⣡¸㣬УүҪûа첻ɵģٺ١ⶼȥʱˣҪǡãҪǡ
˵񽣾ȻȻͣģ
Ҫʲô
òǲڰɣ
ʲôͬѵֵܣô᲻㣿
һۣƺˣ˵˲٣˼˵ҪүԼ£ֲȥǱߣٺ١
ҪȥĶ˵ˣʵǶܹģԼȥ𣿡ʵҲЩǣֵǵʵж٣ҲֻԼ
ٺ١ڰ
һЦǾסļЩ΢ĵΪôѣү˵ˣ׻龧áȥ֮󣬿϶ᱻסܾĥܽҪȥܹʱ֣ٺ١

۾˲˵Ǽһʼǲܳܳ׻龧ôǿӶúʱ򣬸Ľ׶Σ
ٺ١˵ȫԣ
ЦҪȥãȻáѳ׻龧ûٺ٣ܹ˳ͷܻɾˬˣιڣ˵ôǿƤ͹ЩǲǺðƤһõ֣·֮ǲǿԷ𣿸¸¡ǿɾ̫ˬˡ
ĴЦϴžãĺΣ·𿴵˻ֺ֮ô
죬˿һӦſ񽣣ȴһ۾˸â
֪ʲôط𣿡ֵݸһƣ¼ںŷƲʵ
áϣϻô֪ܲүѾ߰ˣðһͳأ񽣻ص
Ǻ˵˵£Ҫһȥ۾ĵ
Уү˵ˣðһȥǸĻᣡͬ˹ƵҡԴ
Բ㣬ǡ죬׷壡ٺ١þƣþưڣٸһȺȣ
˵ţȴֱӴǿƺཹཱུϣȴЦЦٴóƣÿ񽣿˷ܲѣҲıǴڴڵĺš
ȰɺȰɣһͺȲȥˣ
ſǾƹӣ¶һĨЦݡ
áþƣ
Ӻ󣬿񽣵ϣԾɲ߶š
ҪǺ´ݾߣŪˣ
ۣû뵽ķ۾Ȼû̫ãһȾƣܽķ۵÷ӵ󣡡
ˣɫȴǺȻдʣͬʱӡһâӶʮֹû˿ڡ
һٶҲǳ˲һʱ䣬ɫ԰֮ͣ
治˸ɵģ
˦˦ͷСĿ˿ΧóһѪɫĴҲûȥȥĿ񽣣ǾֱĿʼϵ
ӺŽһָһŽҡѡ
ڣôˣ
ѹɻΧȻʲôƵĵãڣҪȥ죬ͲȾˣԼٺһ㣬˶岻ãˣ
ʱĿ񽣾ʮ㣬һ㶼Ǻ֮ӣ˵㼱Ҵҵĳȥ

ſ񽣼Ҵ뿪ıӰЦ˳ȫǳ
ͨķ۵ãӿ񽣿˽⵽׷飬ļ޸һ£ĳҪȾƣ񽣹Ȱ˵ڿ񽣵Ȱ˵£Ȼ˲٣һֱղſ񽣺ȻҪȥ׷ǱߣżҴҵ뿪
һֻҪͿ˵ȫһ£ȻϴһȻκ˻ɣ
׷塭ϣܹڿǰ棬Ȼ
ۣ׾Բܾȥ򶨻ɣǱΪ
ԣ׷飬ҲֻӦԪȥ졣
첻֪ǣڴǱ뿪ȻΪ˲ݾߣȷǳسڴķٶȥȴתһȦܿĻصרԺС
үˣ
콫Ժӵ󷨴򿪺󣬿񽣱һЦкȻݸһļ¼ˣ񽣺˵һлӰ
ˣ
ӹһ飬׵Ҫһ׷壡ȻѾǰȥˣ¶Ļɣ
ٺ١үİɣȥ
һЦȴٴνס£ѩƺСߴһϣ


1680 ӦԪϲɫԥɽ緢
׷壬ҲЩΪ¶ߣǱȴҲǲֺ
֮ԻˣҪԭΪ׷ʵһɽǷ嶥ӿҽʱʱض緢£Ϊ˲Ҫۿɽ緢Ĳѡ
ӷ嶥˷죬洦ɼ״ʹСĻɽңΨһϧûʲôֲĴڣ׷Χ֮⣬׷ȴԵùģмֲθе
Ҫʲô
׷£Ŷʮ˵Ķ飬ÿһ˵ʵԪϣикüʥǿߣӦԪʳ˻ģҲһʥصĸ֡
ʵıʣ
ӦԪֻۣҪסǾͿ԰ȫȥˣʱһʹͶٲˣ
ǣ
Щ˲ΥӦԪĻֻܹԹԹӦŵ
˿̣ΧҲвҪɽ緢ڣʱʱĿⶼᳯӦԪ߿ϼۣȴҲû̫⡣
ϾˣȻ㲻ö࣬Ҳֻȶԣʵ٣ҲȻв߼רŹʮ˵ĶҲ㲻ۡ
߿
ӦԪһΧˣҳһûעĵ·ɽ
Ҫɽ
ӦԪĻҾһ
ʱ·ϣԼ֮󣬶ѾӲ˿˽⵽Ļɽ緢ǲʱģȻʵΪǿ˻ɽ緢ǿҲ˵İɣ
Ͼʼ޷ȻᲢۣ
ϻ
ӦԪĵһЩˣȱǴͷȥ
ȴҲֻܽ
ȻҲҪ뿪ô˵ķΧȻȥһʵĵ·ӦԪղԣһ˷ǵĿġ
׷ǻɽ嶥ҽصĴڣṩϢ׼ȷĻôӦԪĲ²У̷˳׻龧Ļ϶ҽУ
ԣɽǱҪģֻҲҪⱻ˷Ŀģһ˵ע⣬ƾʮˣܹô
ˣҿ϶Ҳ֪Ĵڣ

һȦҵһ˼ɽ·ӦԪŶʮڲΣϢɽǧ׵ĺθ߶ȣ˵ҲȻʲôΪ˳ĵ׷嶥
ĿֲˣӦԪ˲ٵĺˮ俴ǰֲҽأԼǲϷӿҽʱЩ˷׷ɫüΪѿ

ҵĿȫӦԪϣȻӦԪȴǵͷҽȥԼµЩĿ⣬ȫûκβһ
ۡ
һҽҽﲻӿʱ緢һ㣬ӦԪȴǲ˿ķ񣬷·ܲտȣѾ棬Ծûκƿ˼
ڣŹȥ˼ӺҽҽӿȻűһɫӰҽзתŲһעĿĻ⣬һʵʰӿ
⣬ҲС˵СϾ
ȻӦԪϳС𣬷ʱСȻӣȴԵΪĵʱԵĲ죬һȴҲӦԪϳϲɫ
ֻҪܹСɱѳ׻龧ȥôضԵõ͡
ǡ
ȴǾ֣һ
ף˴ĿΪ˶Ըҽеǲıء
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ɱڵĶȻǾ񣬿뿪ˣ
ӦԪ˵ʮɫѿͬʱȴֺĲ֪ʲôЩԥ
ѵҪΪѪ˲ϧһУ
ӳѪܣȻ˵ָܹ
뵽Լʱ̬ȣַ·İ˰̬ӦԪɵÿЦһ¡
Щڣʧȥ˸֮ĶӣܹĶ
񣬺
겻񣬲ܽ׻龧ȥӦԪɣܹɹص򣬿µȴĽͬʮֵıҡ

ӦԪʱӣʱСؽе
û£
عһӦԪȻƽʵǺ󲻺ڸһѪ£

⻰Щ
ˣûʰɣ
ӦԪԳİЦЦΣҪԸľҪڵľʯԣһҪСģȻѾ״̬ϾҲ壡
ף
ҷ׷׵ͷ漴ӦԪİ£ʮһСĳҽطȥ
¶ԽԽߣ·ڵˮֶڴȵļ٣ǵɫΪ԰ףҽӿĻҽȴ·һͷ޴Ŀֲħޣ͵ȴЩʳͶһ
һʱ䣬Ÿ߶½ӦԪڣ˵ɫΪء
ҽڣСԾڲϵշתŲʱʱشһȵĻ棬ʯϵʯ鼸ֻ˲ĹֱһĻӦԪǾ첻ѣ˼־⡣
ҵһ֣
ھҽزϿֻͣӦԪһ
ǣӦŵ
Сƺ޲ƵģװޱʹģʱӦԪĿ棬СһһĳһɲǼ䣬жȻѪɫâһͻأȵ֣
Ѫ⼱ӿֲ̺ܿӦԪȫԪޱȿֲĹƣ·ҽضܵӰ죬ӿĸӺˡ
ͬʱǶʮҲȫóǿĹƣ໥·Ҫ׷嶼ȫһ㡣
ͣһ˲ǳСϮ˹ȥ
ӦԪȻ¶һĨΪЦݣ·СǵĹƻУһΡ
˵ˣϹʱڣǼΪģ
𡭡
ȻۿЩϹƼеɲǣСȴһķųֳƣ͵رһ캳صҽسӿ׷˲緢
䡭
ֲҽӿСһֲףʱǿ緢ҽ·Ҫһ㣬𺳲ѡ
ãˣ
ӦԪ״ɫ䣬ԥļٳɽϷȥ
ҲǼæϣӿҽ׺ȴƻ޿ƥеĻħһ㣬ٶȼֱ쵽˼㡣

һȫûκεֿıҽɣһ󣬱㳹ɢͷûһ㡣
ţҽӿɵ˺ӦԪǲǿ뿪һֻú亹ֱðڸ֡
ģôˣǻͿԽҽ
ӷ嶥ٷºӦԪѡ
ʱʣµҲһ֣Ŵʱ緢ĿֲҽǾһ֮С


1681 
׷緢û뵽ģû뵽ǣСܹҽ˿ֲĹƣֵĹ𣬷ǽеȫɣʬ޴档
ô죿˳ӦԪʵЩԼûֵĲ
ȵ˵
ӦԪʾ΢ԶٴһЩҾͲˣȻɽ緢Ǽһﻹʲô
ǣ
˲ܲӦҪȰ˵ӦԪ뿪ļˣҲٶԡ
ӦԪԴӼѪַ֮޳Ը·ʱѾܹˣҪ˸ҷ±ؽ·һ
¡¡¡¡
׷緢ɣҽӿ֮һյ̳ӿУ·ôҶо˿ֲѹӦԪڣһһɫѿ
ôЩԣ
Ȼ䣬һʥ֮˿˵
ΪӦԪ֮һ
ĻӦԪüʲôԣ
뿴Χ
ܵĿһˣǸղʱȻ˵ɽ˺ĵȷȷкܶڣھȻһˣƺЩܰɣ
Īǻɽ緢ˣԥ˵
ܣ
ԥҡͷ񶨣׷֮ЩΪɽ緢ЩҲӦǰۿηߣ˾ԶһЩۿѣ
ȷˡ
ӦԪۣͷ
һһģǿ׷壬Щҽ֮󣬾Ȼֻɽϰ벿ֺ°벿ȫֲͬľɫѰ˵ǲܵģֵ
֮أ
ӦԪۣʵ
ҿ
ո˵ʲô漴ǰ׷϶ȻһɫâĻӿУɫâٱ䳤ֻڼһϰ׳Ŀֲ쳹צӦԪͷϿա
һɲǼ䣬ӦԪ˶Щס˼ɫ

˾Ȼˣһôǿ
ģ⵽ô£
ӦԪѣɰڵ£ûһܹ׼ȷĻش
ͰɣӦԪ
Ȼ䣬ǶСЩʱĵκȻΧո˳
ǣľ̫ϳ϶ľ֣Լҵλ̫ϳϣ쾣Լ
ǡ˭
ӦԪɫ˲䡣
ҽһ£Ϸľ֣
ľֵĿڣűǣӦԪɫΪѿ
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ôܣôܳ
ӦԪЩңš
۷ÿһλ̫ϳ϶ʵ
ô˵κһ˶ӦԪʮ֮أ˵һˡ
ңǵӣӦ׼
ѵǱߡ
ˣӦԪȻһԼԸȥͷ
µĲ
м򴽣ԵѾļƻУЦǻһֱ쳣ţ
ܣⲻܣ
ӦԪҡͷ
ڼ㻹ʶ𣿡
ţҲǳˡ
ߣѩƺСߴ
Сһһֱ֣ӷɵ˸߿֮ϡѩվСͷϣСߴȴǻָѩľı壬ԹԵСŶӦԪˣһ˫˫۾гһ鶯Ŀ⣬ǳ
񽣣
ӦԪҧҧע⵽ϿյκȻһУɵиǰ޲ѣ˫ҲȫѪɫռݡ
һʼĳ׻龧һȦףһ죬ǵȦף
ϧ컹Ϊ⡣
ӦԪڿڣǱŵѪ֮˶¶˳
˴ӦԪĿҪγˮ
ǵֶΣĺܸ
仰ӦԪ·ǴӺӲƵġ
λǰ鷳ˣ
ƳһӦԪ£ȴǹĳԵ˹˹֡
İɣˣΪԷһܸӦԪκλᣡ
ԵĵͷĸһְɣӦԪ֮⣬ȫɱˣ
ã
ԵĻľ֣ԼͬʱǰȥһСǵİΧȦӦԪ˸ɫ
һǶ˵޷֮ȴĸһ֣˿ûǿ뷨
ٺ١
죬˲ڿն𣬷ɵСһԡ
ָСףЦС𰡣үð㣬˴󹦣Ȼȥ֮ҪԸóԵģ
𡭡⻰Сʱ˷ܵĽ˼
ء
ߴߴߴ
ͬʱѩƺСߴɲˣһĳ񽣽š
Ǳ𼱰Ĵٵǵģ
ƲƲ죬ǰԹĵ˰ģүҲһǵģʱ򣬰ְĲǴأ
˿⻰Сһ׷ЦȫֻŪÿ񽣼ֱƵ˼㡣
ʱ·սѾʼ
˵սֻáɱݡ
λǿͥŲһ㣬ȴһһ䣬ûκλ֮ӦԪÿÿҪ֮ʱȴ˵ɱУκεĶ
ֻĿѵĿԼЩһѪɫ˫Ҫһ㡣
ŶˣڼǸˣǶӣҲӦáٺ٣㶮ģ
ʲôƵģȻ·ӦԪ˵
ۡ
ŭģӦԪ̲סһѪ˳ɫ԰ֽ

٣ҪԸ𣿡
׷߶֮ʱصĿԺУ컺Σע⵽ϵаЦЩģȴװʵ
ǰһҪ飡
ͷֱߵԺе£ϰڷŵһЩ裬ЦôڵôܹϰʱеæûʲôרŹ㣡
лٹģҺϰߣվǰЦӦ
ôϰ߾ͺð
ͷҧһڣϧºܿͻ᲻ϰˣ
Ϊʲô
۾һҪԸȥֻܷԸҾƴҲһɣ
ǣ
ȴҡҡͷڽֵ꣬ʵɣһϢģ
Ϣһ㶡
ǰ
ףЦ֪ô׷ǱѾҪˣ˵ǵļƻʧˣ㣬ҲȻ֪ܲ㲻ǻϢأ


1682 Ʊв
ĻһȴΪӣ٣˵ʲôôʲô׷壿ʲôƻ
˵䣬۾ⲻɨܣǳ
ȻȴûСһԹԵһɾĲ豭һȲһڣŵԵ찡죬һֱҺͿ񽣶㣬֪𣿡
֪
ͷлٺΣ˵ģʵף
ˣװˣ
ڰ֣αϣô̧죬Ц鵽һΪ㻹ƭȥ𣿡
Ĳ
ҡҡͷίĻ׼˵ʲôȴٴλִϵǴҶɵӣΪĲ֪Щʲô𣿡
١
һ㻳ҵĻó֤а죬Ӧû֤ݾԩ˵˰ɣ
Ǻǡ֤ݣӣ㻹Ϊò֤ˣ
һЦòϣ뷨ȷǺá
лķ֣ټԴԺһֱСģ˵û¶Ҳѹ˵š
ã㣡
ȣ쵭ʵԪڵʵ㸸ףҲӦԪԼôڼҺѪ֮ˣĻô˵ӵҪ֪Ȼȷ֮ľȴҲһܹ֮Խģ
£Ѿ͹ˣ
ƽ˵ʵĵһ죬Ϳ϶ͨĳЩֶε˵ģѵҲ㻳ҵɣ
ǺǣǵˣϾûʱۼһΪʵһжǹҿأЦ
⡭٣ȫǿʶ켫Ϊ޵ĵΪ㻳ҵɣҾԲ
ģ
쵹Ҳû̬ȣǲ򵥵ĵһѣڶ飬Ȼ˵ͬΣǿһû뵽ģ
ŶʲôüëһһĨЦ
Һͳƹȥʱ㲻ڣȻҲ֪㵽ȥʲôˣǸʱҲ֮ǰȻ˵˼֡Ǿǣְ֣ȾȽ㣡
˵΢һ٣ƳһЦ죬ҽͽͣʲô˼
ҡô֪
üҲֻСүλѣ治֪ôỳңСССү֮󣬲Ѿ˵𣿡
ǲײĲᣡһڽƱ˰
ۣЦŴó񽣽ļֱ׵ϣúÿɣ
У¼˴ӿ񽣱ƵΣ񽣵ľ»ķ۵һУͷǰһûһ©
ৡ
쿴¼һ֮ʱıˢһ±üΪѿע⵽ЩȴǵһЦԵĳŪ֮ɫ
죬˰ɣȻôڽƱ磬͸ҽƱ翴쳰ƵЦ
ҡ
죬ȻȴͻȻһתƽ٣Ҳһʲô𣿺ðɣҳҵȷǶһЩҲ˼䣬㲻ƾô˵Ұɣ
Ǻǡ治򵥰
֮ȴЦݸҽͽͣƺﵹȥķĩʲôڿȥϵʲôˣ
ǷĩһЩζƷѣڼеģӾˣ
ȻѾڸղһ˲˵ǣʱ˵ҲԵüΪƽϵˣĶϵˣϥưˣ
ãۣ
ʱƣ޵Ǿ˵Ѫܣǲһ˼ά֮˸Ҫܶడ
һ˫ʱһĨâ
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𼱣ģϢʱ򣡡
ڰ֣վĿϲߣҪ׿һ쾹˿ûκţţǼ⣬óʲô֤ݡ
ٻʲôҪԸ𣿡ʵ
ղʼΪʲô˵㲻֪׷壿Ͱɣƽĵ
ҡ
ۣȴһǸı飬ⲻٶȻҴ֪׷壬Ҳûȥ𣿡
Ǻǣˣ
ˣ
ӣаЦȴǺתʵ֪ΪʲôԺаа֮һ֣ʲô𣿡
⡭ʾһ£Ӧ
ܼ򵥣Ϊһϲѭ浸أ
쵭ЦֻҪ϶飬ǲʲôҶõԼĴ𰸣
ʲô⡭
һ˼ֻû˵ǵ˫ͫһ쾹Ѿǰס
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ȻľٶôҲû뵽κεĵֿ
ڣ㻹Ʊ𣿡
ɫΪ䣬㲻Ѫܣңڵô£ȻӦþѪɽµĹΣˣҲʵ
ҡ
죬·ʧȥһ㡣
ʲô㣿
ЦȻĵκܺãҺѪ´ཻܶϢƭҵģΪôƭ

ͻأģıУȴЦ죬û뵽㾹ȻôͽҴˣѾˣ
ɱ𣿡
Ц֮ϸֳһĨղ㲻ЩĩʲôʵɣǻķۣǾԸ֮ĻķۣȻû£һʱ䳤ˣûнҩĻǵļͻ𽥵ˣһ±Ϊͷβİ׳գ
ķۡ
ǽӣȴ΢΢𣬡찡죬ΪҲ֪ǻķ𣿡
֪Σ
Ʋ죬ΪмߵķǾϵĸҩҲֻϲУԣ͵ÿ񽣣ԼһԶŮɰ׳հɣ
ǰ׳أǸİ׳ջˣ
ո£컹û˵ʱһ𣬱ŵŵŵ˽Ĺĵ죬ܵǰͷָߺߵĵ׳ջˣ
׳գˣϵͷ͡
ǡ
춢СһԵüΪΪǵӣȫ֮ǰɽļ䣬ֱš


1683 ڼҸӣ
𾪵ͬʱҲ־ȡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊ֮ʱΪ˷ֹǰܣ첻¶ۼԺΧһ磬Ȼܹ޲֮£ֱӽβ쾪ȣ
棬ȴҲʲô

֣Сһܵߣֱ֣ԵüΪɡ
ְ֣Һ͵ܵܶŶ
ĸ첲۾¶һĨΪίɫˣǺˮ֮󣬾Ǻö⣬Һ͵֪ܵܶģͻشأȻ󡭡Ȼ͡
û˵꣬ίĸоҪˣ켱æο˺ˣŮְ֪ˣⲻģ˲ã
ţ
ҧ촽ͷһߵְ֣Ǳ𰡣׷Źأ
ã
ԥӦ£漴ְֻЩҪ֮󣬰ְٰǱ𣬺òã
ţллְ֣СһԹԵͷӦ˳ųһ˼˼Сȭͷ
ˣ԰ȥɣסҪܣֱ𸧹СһԴ
šܵܣߣ
ͷ컳һԾ𣬶㳯ȥ
ʱҲϸĸоţ㵵ķ֣µĽ羹ȻСһûһ谭ͷ·ֻһƬƵģ첻Խü
⡭
Ǹ㲻ˡ
ȴҲʱδȥ룬תȥЦ죬ôĻķ֮ȴѾָǵļ䲢ûã
ⲻܣԲܣ
ҡͷֱš
ܣΪܵȥˣ
쵱Цʵ㣬׷ǱѾźˣӦԪ˹ȥͶУʲô
˵䣬˸ɫâĳ׻龧ϣ΢һŤͷɲǣȴ˲۾ɵĴģͲûֱӵˡ
⡭ôܣ׻龧Ǳžȡ
ˣ
ǺһЦΪҵĶôױģµҲʵ㣬һжֻΪ̽ģû뵽㾹Ȼɵϵˣ˵һøл㣬ȻôӦԪ˴ǱԶţ
ҡ㡭
Ļλ벻ļƻ
Ⱦûһ˿һĲⲻò˵ȷ̫ÿ˵Լ¶Լ
죬Ӯˣ
ɫٵı˺ü£쳤³һʵɲԸңǻķ֮ôģ
ԣ
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ʵ˵ʵԼҲ
ΪھֵʱŮһ𣬲ûоİ취ϾʱΪѾ¹串ǣȻԻָʵʶȴΪѣԲٷ֮һ
ڸղżָ֮ʱҲһôˣֻ첢ûֵ̫Զѡ
㡭
۾һУӡ˵˿̸ͺͨ˲˶٣ȻȷǾƵѪܣĳЩ½֮ͨ˻в硣
첻˵Ļ˵ڵˣȫʢʱڣҲûǸȥȡȻ첢֪ʵ첻˵Լ֪Ӻ˵
ʱһּ佫ԺΧĽ˿ûӰһâٶɿߣֲͬģȻ˷
⣬С֮ѩƣССߴ
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ӦԪɲǣʱѪâһȴΪƽƺסƺֻǺĶѣκεĸ顣
졭
ӦԪҲǼ죬ɴʱȫϵ˺ۣȻûΣգϵﱻϵҪԭȴڿͬСƵģ
үϻˣ
һӣͬƵĽӦԪȱߣƳһż˵үǰƵǱߵ㣬˵ȥһˣ
Ŷã
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ɣ
˼һ£˵ǸӶһȥƵδãҪһ飡
ǰ
񽣶ʱŴ죬ǲԸŻȥ÷Ͱء
ô
챧ѩƣСߴСԴ뿪Ƴſ񽣣ǹճһĨаЦ
߰ɣ
ƲƲ죬һѽӦԪ۵ڰϰɣܣȻƤ
ʱ˿̣Ѿʧȥ˽һϣҲֻܹԹԵĸͿ󣬾ֱȥƵڡ
ʱƵУǰȥӦԪλ̫ϳϣҲֻжľֺڣ֮⣬ҲֻԨŭæ飬ܷ
˵˵ɡ
ΪλϣЦĿ졣
ҲǲڼҸӵȫ޾ϸ䵱ûķ֮ʱ˵ɫ֮һ䡣
ðû뵽Ѫµ˾Ȼ޳ܣ
˵𵱼Ȼһߵķ֣̲סĴ˼
Сӣӣô׷ŹǸӰɣ
ԨָڼҸӣ˵˵׼ôǣ
ֵĺãһҪģǿԼı֣
ʼ磬̫⹫̣үүǽҹòֻɣ
Ҳûʲô뾡֪ǿ֪ģ˰֣ЦѪ±Ͼĵˣ֪֪˶ѣ
ðɣ
ʼ磬תڼҸȥĿӦԪϲߡ
ʱȴɫƽκı仯ӦԪȴǴڴڵĴŴɫΪѿ֮˵Ÿһˣ
ܿ죬񶨸ӦԪϣĵڼþò벻ͨһ򼵶㣬ôѪµĹҪ˵˵
˵ԣ
ӦԪ˵ʱȴǶȻס죡ҪǸ˵һϾԲŹģʱڼ˶Ҫᣡ
죬㡭
ĳ𣬲κθ顣˻һȴӦԪɫޱѿԽǰѾĶӣΪѪϵĹߣһԵĹߣ
죡
һ˦޷֮ıȵÿѪĺˣ˫ȴڴ˿̸ֳ˵Ѫ⡣
Ҫ
ӦԪ״æŤͷԵ٣ֻҪŹҶָܹұ֤֪ȫ˵
㣬㣡
˵ŻӦԪԼƣֱĳȥ˵ĲϿͷ
һĻǲ΢΢ü
ӦԪʱ¶Уü١


1684 ߱
һʱ䣬ҶĬҲûдӦ
ȻԿӦԪĻȷǳģ˭ұ֤֮˵ĹѪµһģ
ߣѾɽⷽƳѪܣ⻹ôȥȣ
Ȼ䣬Ȼ뵽ʦĪˮпܵĻֻʦа취ˡ
˴ı΢ɶһЩ
˿̣ӦԪҲǵһʱץסɫ仯æͷĵԽˣͷƳѪ˶ûͣ£ɲϵĿš
ˣ
ȻʱȴͻأĿ첽ܵӦԪߣҪϣҸ㣬ԲԣҾҲԲᱳѣ
죡
ĻӦԪͷѪ̧Դһɣ浱ʲôˣǲǸӶѣƳѪܣѵҪڼҾʹ˾𣿡
Σ
ɫ䣬ЧϣΨһΣ˭Ҳܱѣ㣡ٸҺҶ㲻
ô㻹ɱң߱ɣӦԪǱڡ
ܹڵԼһֱѪΪУΪ翵֮ΪѪµĹôʱգԼĶ˲
ϧûкҩ
Լ飬ҪԼȥ
ڶӦԪ˵Ѿ⵽ıӦ
㲻Ҫңף
ҧȻѾӡ˵ʱһ˫ѪȴԾ˸űɱ
ɣӦԪǳض᲻ϧһеĽӦԪɱ
߱һʣ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
죬㹻ˣҪȥؽ֮ذҵĶӣӦԪ˺ѷεĺš
ӦԪĸ֣ʹһӡ˫Ѫ˸һ£漴ȴֱıȡƺŵֳɣֻһ㡣
ףһףУûʲôЧϸ飡
ǿҸ׵ķϣߣ
ԸӵĶԻΧǵ˿еֺ˿飬ɱʮ㡣
١
ӦԪŤͷȥ˼ͷٴӦҵһ׵ķϣ޹İһֱڷԣңҲΪ
٣ˣˣ
ӦԪͷԱ죬ȴҲûж˵һ䡣Ͼڵ죬ɲǰǸˣѪܣ֪ʲôֶΣȻصЧңֱǰˡ
ֻ˵Уҿ԰㣡ǰҪޱ˵֪һУôһ
ǣǣ
ӦԪϲѵͷ
ʵҼѪµʱҾ׼ҡ
ӦԪû˵ʲôɲǼ䣬˫Ѫһ֪Ķ͵ֳɵֱӴӺӦԪĸѪӦԪǰ˳
Ȼľٶ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
콫
æҲѾס죬ӦԪĿѪУ켱æ˿ȥһȪӿѪ
ģ
ҲæӦԪϵ˼£Ѫֹס
ϧղŵľٶȴȻӦԪȫƻ඼˲٣ʦƵڤԪȥΣӦԪɡ
֮߱٣ڳ˷ŭѡ
νТΪȣ
һТ֣չֳ⡣
죬Ѿûͷ֮ڷŭţһ㶼ûнӦԪɸ׿һĳˡ
٣ǲҪǺúӣֻڵѾǰˣ
ӦԪƵĵҡҼѪ֮жԼԼ˽⵽ϢҶѪµһЩӦöã
϶ĻУӦԪóһմѪɫ԰׵ĵݵС
ӦԪң
ţȴɲģ˫еѪâΪء
ڼ㡭
ӹü
Ǻǡ٣Ҵˣˣ֪ˣҺαȥ̰֮
ӦԪɬЦЦΪԪ룬ʱֻܹҪԪһϣκĿܣ
ѵһۣԼŭĿӣɱȻ죬ӦԪԼ٣ذæȾ죡֮ǰһֱڷԣϧҡҰסŻΪһе𣬾еɣ
֮Ҳƣ
ӦԪʱ仰
кҩ᲻ϧһеȥҪɣ
һ
ҲΪӦԪ¶֮Ϊжպúصͷڼֻ˵ģ
ллңҾͲ˷ԪˣٴΡлл
ӦԪ¶һĨЦݣŤͷһӲһŤס󱳵ѿȥ˲ɢֻǰЦݵ˵ϡ
¾ˣӦԪͷѾǳķŵЦݡ

ҡҡͷ̾һ֪գαص
񽣣̧ȥ˰ɣԺ󡭡
˵ţĿȴżԺпܣ˽ͻڼ°ᣡ
ǣү
񽣵ͷʵүһô죿
ȹԺ˵ûҵĻκ˲ֵܿ
ǣ
ӦһӲƵ뿪ˣ˽ҲǽӦԪʬߣͬʱɾ
֮Ƶеļ˾Щ
һԵΰָĪǣѾ˰취
Ķʲô취
ҡҡͷԳһЦֻǾԼŬˣҪ˵˿ԵĻ»ʦϣ
Ҳԣ
ĻҶ׷׵ͷ
ʦĪˮһֱҶƽ̬ԴټϴͷϹԶĪɽǵ쫷Ҷֱչ¶ҲȻȻ˶Īˮ֪һЩ
ʲôʱȥʦԨʵ
ٵȼհɣ
Ե̫࣬Ҳҡ
΢һ٣¶ЦݣңҲһҪҼʦǺǡͷھʦҲӦˮɽǱߴסģ
ˣȲˣ
һԣһֱûʲôڵȴ˵ӦԪļóɣȿ˵ģ
ã
ҲɵĽóȴҲûԼһǵݸ˼𣬱Ͼң̫⹫ľֻ̫ϳʵǿҲòһ֮ĵλ
Թ󣬱Ԩ漴̵ݸľֺԣֵԼ
˿˼صһкǵɫص˼㣬ʱƵڣҲձ̲ѣһĳĬһּͷơ


1685 ļƻ
˴ʱƵڵˣԼרżĴŭ֮⣬û֪ǼеЩʲôݣֻ˵ɫüΪء
Ƶȥ󣬶ľֱǾֱ뿪أһٷʱ䶼ûС

ľͳȥŤͷ졣
ʲôԸӦ
ҵ̫ϳϣôܷԸأ
ЦЦŪһϵԨҲǲЦ
ˣЦˣ
ڰ֣ɫѵźܶྭ飬аɷв˶ѵİɣүү˵ڻԪ½ļѧԺУҲԽ̳һЩˣ
˵ʲôֱ˵ɣЦôңһЩϰأܸоʲôȦڵԼȥƵģ
Сӣ˵ʲôأ
Ԩˣʱû̧ͷһ£ôͼ˵ģ
ûû£
֣漴ûб˼ǼԵģʷһѣ룬пܵĻæһǵˣǶܹǿһЩԱ֮
ָķ棿ʵ
Уɣ
ˣƺЩ˼ɵܹʱǿǾҲˣ
ʱڡ
΢΢ͷ˳˼΢˶ٺżҪĻǾҪˣ
棿
Ļʱ۾һ㾹Ȼܹ뵽棿
Ǻǡ
ЦЦɻû˵ʲôԨʱߴٵСӣҴգ˵
ã˵˵ô
Цһ£һ󷨣һõ󷨣ټϲ֮Ĭϣ𵽺ܺõã
󷨵Ҫܶʱĥϰͷ漴ȴԥңûкʵĶ֣ôҲŪЩ˵ϳ̶ȵΣ
ܼ򵥰
ЦЦмֻҪǳȥԣһжˣ
˵Ҳǣ
ȻĵͷȻ֪֮вΪܹ˶ʱڻͨ𣿡
ԣȥ޿ռ䣡ͷ
޿ռרΪаɷ֮Ѱҵ֮أɿԼû뵽Ȼ֮ϣ
ãǻеڶ͵أʵ
ڶǾװˣħװ֮ͨװڸܶܶ࣬Ȼָ΢һģԵЩһЩӡħƣô²ã˶ƻԣ˵

⻰ԵüΪΣǣħʦ٣㣬һҲæôడ
أֻҪ̫ħƣӦòʲô̫⣡
ңҲһ߿ӡһ̵ֺ߽ʵѧϰⷽ棬ҲǸҵ춨һĻɣ
ãã
ʱЦǾˣпյĻȥѡһЩʵ˸ѧϰħ֮
ţ˵棡
ΪңҲûκξܾ˼΢˶ٺżǶˣ

ԨԼ˾üͷһ塣
˵ʵöⷽҲûʦȴһа
Ȼʦ϶ҲклϾһеĶʦɥ֮
öĻв¾ͻǣ޹ȷܹһЩ°빦ЧʵϼпܻԶʦ˽֮;ȥܶ鷳˶ħǺضӲ롣
ǺǺǡ
λӣȴЦЦԵ֮һ֮Ϊ֮аΪаȫǿʹߵһѣңͿ˵һʦͬĻҿæ̵һ£
ˣ΢һٺЦӯӯļ˵ʵ֮аɷţʵȫ൱һ˦ƹаɷų֮ѵЩ˵Ĳңǣ
Ŷ
⻰Ԩ̧̧ͷ
ǻû뵽ˣĸƽｿεεĹﾹȻѵˣƺ׿˵ɫôᶨԨǶԻŵİɣ
Ȼˣλɫôľȡ
ɣ
ЦЦ˵뵽ҲˣͬĻҾͰҵ뷨ȥ죬Ҫ΢һ²У
ԣ
ԨͷɵֻöĲʲô𣿡
ڣӦû£
ܷģʲô飬Ҳģ
ǺðɣȻȥúõ˼һ£ҪʲôĻֱң˵
ţã
ͷ漴ǱǸ뿪ˡ

죬ͨأ֮ˣŻŶҪһѡӶܹ֮ħ֮Լö֮ѡһѧϰʦ죡
ȻϢҶ䶯֮ͣ
Ǳһɽ˺ཫżǣҪܹһĽӴܹ˶ĵԽ̵Ƕ˵ؽһޱҫ顭
¾ôȷ
ǰڵ׼Ԩ帺𣬱ŭݶӽģλȴǴճæúܣôпܷأûѪɽ֣ܹƳʶı¡
ǰڵʱ䣬Ҳʮҡ
Ͼڵ˲٣ټϱҪϸѡɲκεҪ㹻ʵˣѡҲ𲻵Ԥ뵱еá
Ԩֻǵһ׶εѡڶ׶ȴҪԳˡ
츺֮ħ֮ö֮Ȼǽ飬ϾصЩУܹö֮ϳģ㣬ټ̫ϳϣûһ
תۼ䣬Ǿʱȥ
Ԩ˵ǰѡٶ˽ڶ׶Σұ֤ЩÿһʵڵԪϣиٶԪ
ʵ棬κһĴ۷嶼޷ȣȻⲢѪ¡
ڣԨԼվڸ̨ϣ·ٶˣô
ǺǣѾ׼ˣѡʮö֮ʵˣ֮ѡʣµģЩֶǵľǿʵڲеҲֻܾʹ̭ˣ˵
ܹҪãʵ
ɣ
齻һ˵죡Ͼǰ漸죬ҺѾ׼
ǺãҺүүͲˣ
Цף֮￴
У
ͷĿԨ뿪ɫһ࣬Ŀĳ·ٶȥ


1686 Ѽ⵶Ǭ
ʮպԾصľС
ʱľѾֳԵ֣ÿһֶµĽָΪľֵ໥š
ĶʮˣŮÿһڱĿǵɢ˸ֲͬɫĵâҪǣʱڵĿУŸֶصӣһͷħ޽ȥ¶жʬ޴档
ȴȫӰĻʮм䣬ʱʱͣ½Ų˵ЩʲôЩ˷׷׵ͷܿ¶˻ȻɫҲ޵ľ֮⡣
һֱΪķ֮һп˵˲֪˲ûж˶к֪˶俴ǻƿһĴڣ
öָ֮㣬齫֪ʶĪˮһЩر˽е֮⣬
ʼʱĵڶ׶ѡ֮⣬ȥʱУⱾö֮ŲʵĶʮˣνʮѸ٣ö˳Ľ
Ϊܹõö֮黹ȥץ˲ħ޻飬ʵĽУʮѾĶʦˣȴҪŬôţҲضܴﵽ̫ߵĸ߶ȡ
мĽУһͷȴܼʮˣ֮ڵĶʮ˻Ҫ
ʮˣÿһ˵ǰһڷŲٵļµħ⻹ŸָѰװȻǸѧϰħ֮ˣ
ѡУҲֻʮ˲ŷҪ󣬻û챾ħ֮ʸߣܹħʦĴ󻷾£ܹѡʮˣѾʮֵˡ
ǺĵĽѧ֪ⷽʶڣÿ綼ͬȸɺԵأڼȡ֪ʶĹȣʱΣ
ôһʦĴڣʮħ֮ĽչĿã̶ʱ˱Կӡħˣлмܹǿӡħơ
ʼһ޷׽
ǾǾģ
֪ħʦӡħƣ֮⣬ҪĻħʦľǿħƵҲȡڴˣһ̫ôҪʱָ
Ȼ֮⣬ҲһЩҩĻߵҩ
̶ʱУΪ˱֤ħ֮˳νǴѪˡҪҩЩ޶ȫṩѧϰħ֮ʮ㹻ĺڱ֤Ҳܹڶ̶ʱȡ˾޴Ĳɻȱԭ֮һ
ö֮мħ֮⣬Ҳ֮ȴҪǰ߼Ҫʮ
һ㣬ܹʮ֮࣡
ʮˣһģԼ£ֳӣÿһӺоŸСӣټʮСӣÿһСӵոպھŸ
콻ǵľ󷨣ǵڼѧԺУܿ˵ľŹХ
աΪ磬Ϊ㣬ߣһԼ롯˵˽ŹХ̶֮Ѿɣ໥תҲʮ˳ûʼ֮ʱͣ͡
֮⣬һˣСӲĻôÿһӵľŸСҲһаʮһ˵ģŴľŹХһҲ𵽸ǿáǽ߷أڸ˵Ҳž޴á
ӣܼƶʮ֮ࡣ
ҪÿһСӣÿһ˵ȥĥǸԵԸԼʵľ䣬ܹŹХ󷢻ӳ
ȻѵĻַŴľŹХ
һҪó󷨣ôŸСӱҪٵתÿһСӵľŸ˶ҪЭԵʵڻͨšһ
⣬ҲǱҪϤĵطС͵ľŹХѶȺֹʮٱ
ΣľָʱȥԺŴľŹХѾ߳ΣתȻΪѣʱʱҲͣͼ£չֳѾС
ţֻҪٸһЩʱ䣬ؽΪҵһ⵶
顭
ʱŭݣԼԨǶǾǰĸ̨ϡ
Ҳǻ²ϸ߳λվ
ʱ䣬ǵĽΣʵ
ܲϾǾѡϼ֮
ЦŻصҲǼΪĵͷ
Ǿͺã
λһ΢һٺֵĸϼһ飬һֱǼУԸרŰһţϾѧ֮󣬱ؽҵѼ⵶飬ǾΣ
ŶѼ⵶⻰ȷǲ֪ʲôҲͷͬ⣬ʵ
ʦΪ̣й֮ר̵࣡
ħʦΪУṩıϣ
ʦΪâɹ˿أ
ۣ˵Ŀͨ磬ҵľڣɨ·ˣ֮г޾İȻ
̡Сâ
һظɫԽȻʱһɫлӴԺ󣬶̣ԼâؽΪҵľѼ⵶ؽң
Ǻǡ
ЦˣԱߵԨҲЦˡ
ЦˣҲЦˡ
˫ĿŽЩŬǣȫЦڴ
֮Ѫ¾ͽΪѼ⵶ϵĵһսʱǳǰܣȻһ

磬Ҫ㣡
ڶһ磬׼ȥǱ߼ָʱȴǺȻҴҵ˹ɫԵЩԥ˵
Ҫң
һӣЦˣ˵ʲôĪҵĵ˲ɣСôɽˣ
ǵģ磡˵С
һŵ˵Ǭ
ѪʹǬ⼸ң˵İ
Ǭ֮Ǽλ۷彫һе鶼˳ǬԼŸ˺Ĵڣ
ȻҲ֪ܲ
ɶǬĺȻָ֣յҪ죬ôܲ𾪣
ǬֵüΪºͣȥͬ޸֮һ㣬᲻ɷ˵ֱӴ˽ˣǷܹõ£ҲҪֲ֪
Ǭ
ĻҲһںѣԼŮҲ˹
ϾûȥڵǸռ䣬ҲûǬı֮ģʱǻΪǬΪ챨أⶼЩġ
ʲô
üˣͳȥ
硭
ŮһЩˣȴЦŰֵİɣѾˣˣôû뵽أ
˵䣬͵һԼͷŵˣȥˣûµģ
˵ţŮشкȥϾǬ֮ǰҲܽڣȻ֪鷳أ


1687 룬ټƣ
ɽ⡭
ʱüʮ֮˽ǬΧм䣬ЩÿһΪţһĿǬϣΨȻһ
ȶԣǬȴƽѣ·ʶֱѪȣȫһƵġ
Ǭ΢˫ۣΧʮ˵ľ裬ûзϣͬһƽȪûκܹһ˿˿
Ȼˣıˣ
Ǭĵһۣоֱ仯
·һµߣֹˮ
ϣϲľһ¥Цŵ
л٣Ǭ۾΢΢һЦӦ
ˣǣö񣡻£쳯
磬⡭
һȴЩˡ
ţô
üͷһ壬˵Ļ𣿡
⡭ǣ
Ӧһæкʮ¿뿪ȴֺҵĻûҵķԸκ˲ܿ
ǣ
ԶԶӦһܿı뿪ˡ
ܿ죬⸽ҲֻʣǬˡ
ʱʱ֮⣬κǬ໥ţȴκε⣬һжԵôƽ
һſЦϣ֪Ϊ£ܾܲôҰɣ
˵Цˣ
Ǭƽ˵˷˵ķԸһ˵ģˣ˻Ըˣ鲻һȥ
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ôԣжȻһָ£
Ǻǣһ˲δ˵ӦñŶԣǬЦŻص
֮ǰԼͷʱ򣬱Ѿ뵽졣
ѪܣȻʦĪˮа취Ҳǲһġ
ȴԽѪʹǬ˵пܣ
УôҲǸȥӦԪһˡ
ǬĻڸޱȵ𾪣̵֪ǳ˺档
ã֪ˣ
һȪǬһۣ˵ͷڴԺȥȥ
Ա㣡Ǭ΢΢Ƿ
ͷٶԵıǺܿȥء
ӱѺԺȥŮһʱǶ̣Լâѵ㼱Ҵҵ뿪ǬһͬȥڵռС

磬ѽ㿩
ռĵһʱ䣬ΪϹĳķ㷢ˣϴιһٱȶ߼Աĳֱ˵컳У
Ҳ
챧СѾͷǺЦ

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С㣡ǬҵǷ
磬˭ѽ
ָһԻȥʵСüͷ΢΢ţƺܲϲɢϢ
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ǺһЦŷСܲӣЦˣСѾͷȥɣһæˣȥ㣡
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٣˾ϴǸԺеͲȥˣԱ㣡뿪ǬҲ˵
ã֪ˣ
ͷ쳯ǰȥǬȴһۣҡҡͷԶˡ
ȻˣǾͽɣ
ԺſڵʱڵҲ֮
̣
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ҲûڴţһֱȵۣЦǲ̲Ǭȥ㣬СӾͲ뵽ң
ٺ١
ڨڨͷֹУ֪ôش
ˣ֪Сӻ
ûĶһۣƳƳԶ죬ʲôض˵һﶪɣұ֤ع鱾ԣ
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ڰڰ֣ʲôϴȥ֮ҲӦ֪ʱͬɣ뿪֮ңʱҽ˻ͬʱٺϸϸ˵һ˵Ҫȥ飬Σ
죿ãԶʱϲѣӦ¡
˵ţ뿪Ҷվ
Сӣȵȣʲô
ûĽסһû˵أ˵ˣһλѣѵͲ
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⻰ʱһ
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˵ѣָľǻˡ
ôͲѵҾͲУ
Ļûػص
ٺ٣Ҳ˼ֻû뵽㾹ȻʶЦ
Һʶʱ䣬öˣǸʱ򣬿»ûأ
ƲƲ죬ֱһԣ豭һڡ
ðɡ
Цã漴Ҳ㻹ûصҵĻأ㲻ȥ˹ô
֪
²豭̧죬΢΢ճһߡ
Ű
ԴɻȴתͷȥҲ˵

ɲǼ䣬ֻԼͷߣ֪νӿڡ
˶ڼˣҲһЦ·𿴵ʲôһŪԶԡ
ˣ
ڰ˰֣Ҳģڲ㣡ʲô㲻ǴӦ˷Ҫȥ𣿷ʱٲͬҲõĵ飬һ߰ɣ
Ŷạ̃ȥҷˣ
ͷּΪĿһۻƺ뿪Ժӡ
ԶһЩȴǺȻ˵˵㰡㲻һֱڵô˼ˣ㻹ɫѲɣΣ
ôҪϻ
̧ۣĵڣʸ˵ңԼڣǰȳʲôˣֲáߺߣ


1688 ĺѣĿ룡
磬ѽ
뿪Ժǳȥͷ׵Ļ̤̲ĵϣſЩƢĻжˣ·ȴеķţ鶼õ˽һ
ʱŷСѾͷ֪Ӻδð˳ֱܵǰ
̧Դ۾գѽգ죬ޱȵ鶯
СѾͷ
ЦЦЦĸǿˣ§ĲӣСϣǵСƵġ
ÿ춼ЩʲôأСѾͷһʵ
磬ȥǱߣ
СѾͷû̻ش𣬶ָҲķ˵
ð
Цŵͷ漴ȴϷʰĵôһֱô𣿡
űţͱ
СѾͷ컳ŤСӡ
ããţţ
޷ܾ·𽫷ǸѾͷĳ۰
ܿ죬ôŷ찴˵ķ򻺲Уһ·Ҳ˺üûĻܣǴ۽硣
磬ЩÿɶǷԼֳŶ
СѾͷĻǽ俴Щܵʱǻϲѡ
ǳÿǷˣ
Լ֮ʣ÷ЦԽˡ
Ƿһ͸һЩòãĲӣĻϲĵ
ֻۣҪǷ͵ģһϲ
ЦŵͷϵЦҲǸӲãϽ˺üء
³֮⣬ҲֻеõǶԴˡ
磬Ŷ
ʮӺ󣬱һ޴ҩǰ컳һԾ£ȴкȻһɫĹâʱǰǿƿһҩΧǺȻһɫΧӣҩԵڲչֿ
磬Ŷ
СѾͷܵ棬֡
ˣ
Ӧһ첽У֮һУҩӳʱ𾪵ĵһ
ϴιȻҲڵͬµ߿⻹һĽҩԣ
ȥҩ֮һۿߣβ쾪ȣ
Ҫǣĸҩֲﶼѵһģڵ伮ѾģȴĺܺãЩ֮⡭
磬Ŷ
쾪ȵӣס֣㳯ҩȥ
һߣСѾͷһ߱ı콲һֲһ㣬Ҳͷʱһ֪ѧΪһʲõʦ
һ·νǴ۽磬ĵ֮̾Ѿ޷ڵļˡ
һҩȴһСݣԼݲʵСϪĽܣƽû¶ʱסĵطݺСϪŪģ̾ѡ
˵ǷôһСѾͷˣ¾Ǵһܹúá
磬һŶ
ݺСѾͷ찴һԵĴ£漴ȴߵſڣǲУСѾͷһЦȴ˫ֳ״ڴߣһӶһͷˮȫŪЩĵʲô˼
䣬ƺֱֿ춼ܵ˼Ӱ졣
ˣıĳ䣡᲻صԣ
۾һûѾص£Ц磬һҸҵĺŶ
ѣ

һ֪
ɻ󣬷ȴûж˵ŪЦá
ûȶãҲʮ֮󣬺ȻֻһֲϢٱƽɫҲ˲˲٣ǷСѾͷȴһӱȥĳȥ
û췴Ӧ÷ǼΪֵЦֲֿܵϢȴҲƳһΪεա
磬ѽ
ţ漴⣬漴ȴ͵ɫһͣŵĵɴ˫ۡ
ûۻɣ⡭ҿʲô
쾪⾹һͷ׸ߵľ޴֩룬žֻ۾ԼɫİȣŸղŸֲֿܵϢǴͷ޴֩ɢġ
֮⣬ΪĻǴʱķȻ޴֩һɫȥЦڶ·ڵǧƵģ쿴Ϊš
òϹޣĿɣ
ֻԼޱļ£ֱš
Ŀ룬֩룬û֮һ
ңݵ伮أĿĶҲΪֲжߣǲܼʱýҩĻʮ
Щ֮⣬Ŀ˷ǿ֮⣬Ǿֻ۾ڶԵ֮ʱͷųâν޼᲻ݡ⣬֩빲еصˣ
Ŀмǿճԣ¾вס¶ܼʱ
֮УĿۺʵԿǰС
ôҲû뵽еĺѣȻǾĿӵĴڡ
磬ܺŶ
Ծ𣬱ǾĿıϣ˷ܵĲ֡
Ͳȥˣ
Цһ£ҲȥأûǾĿľֻ۾ض
𡭡
ͻأģұ϶Ȼ׹˸ѩƷ˳ﹷģվߣǰľĿвϡ
ۡÿɰĹ
ѩƵɲǣ۾һ漴ȴƺоʲôɵӣԣⲻǹ
磬£
һļѩƵĿģ˵
ûµģ
֣ȴھĿ뱳ԥѵҧ촽ѩƣƺѪϵѹȣ֮ǰǰǰ֡
ѩơ
һѩƹԹԵڵأջڷ;ĿϵĿ⡣
Է¹ߣ˵
ޡ룬ȻȥɣһȥŶİɣǺأ
ӾĿ뱳Ľɫȣ˵
ʱĿǾѩһۣɫȵ뿪ˡ
硭
ҧ촽ɰڶѩƵľ⣬ȴԾЩǰ
ǺһЦȴȥ±˻УѩƴʱȴǼΪԻƳһ۷ɹԹԵſڵϣʱʱ˦һ˦βͣûһıʾ
İοУ΢ָһЩֿѩƶɢڵûжŷĲ٣Ҳ¶֮ǰִЦݡ
磬ĺ𣿡յߣʵǣΪʲôܿأ񡭡Ҫѷ̵أ


1689 ںͻƵĹ죬뿪
˷ʻû̻ش𣬶ͨѩ֮⾫ϵѩͷųһЩ⡣
Ȼѩ̧ͷڷµɫУĽһ
ףŶȻأ
Ч̾ͳˣ¶һĨõЦݣͷʵ磬ʲôְΪʲôأ
ѩƣȷǴĺŶ
ЦЦ漴ŷ»صУѩҲǸ˽ͷڴºŹԹԵſһԣԵޱȹɡ
ʱ򣬷ĿҲһֱѩϣȴƺȻʲôƵģ磬ѩƺŶղ˵򲻹ѩأ
⻰첻һݸѩȴǲмƲƲ졣
ȻԻľٶû÷ȻСѾͷ֪жľء
ҪĺѣǸղŵľĿ𣿡ʵ
ţ룬Ǻͷһ𳤴ĺأ
ͷ漴ȴҧҧ˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô붼ܻΣֻñأѽ㣡̶֪Ϊʲôأ
磬֪𣿡
Թһ󣬷ϣ졣
Ҳ֪
ܲɰѾͷʧҲֻҡͷοģֻҪúһԻεģ
𣿴磬㲻ǹƭҰɣԴ
Ȼˣ
̫ˣԻΣȻǾһȥ
СѾͷĻŲɣĿ·ԤˣĻΣɵСҲ¶˼ΪõЦݡ
𣿡
ʱŷˣΪ֮ʱڵ洫˽
̡
۾һæܵſڣȴ־ϲĵựҲ
մӴվںͻǣмСѾͷ˽̣ƣôˣ
Сӣ
ûĳ˵
ң
Զʱһôˣ
ղ˵ķʲôΣգټ֮ǰҺȻоʲôΣգżæŻһ
˵ʱĿȴ΢΢һ˴ߵѩϡ
ΪǶȵԵʣһȷû취ѩƣˣڣƵɫ
˵ǶǼѩƵģƸüκѩƴ򽻵Ӧ¶ɫŶԡ
Щ⣬̣ƣôˣѩʲô𣿡
ûû£
عҡҡͷ
Ŷ
Ҳû̫⣬һͬԱ£ûע⵽ȴǣںͻ˲ɫĽһ
̣ղҽģû뵽ѩƺȻ֣Żأº󣬷컳У˵
û¾ͺã
Цŵͷǲѩƻ˺룬Ͼء
˵ˣѩҪ붯֣ܹ
̣ѩĺأһǵһμô£СѾͷ˵
ǺǣɵѾͷѩƵȻˣ
ǣЦ˵ѩģҲأֻҪɳͻø
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ˣСѾͷ
磬컳нȥ̲㱣֤㲻һģҪʱأ
֪ģ룬ͷһȥأҶʹ˵أǳȥ֮ôǵ
ĵЦЦǴ·ֱġ
ʱܵȾҲǲһݸѩƶ̧̧ͷһ˿϶ĺ㡣
Ͼͷ׼ȷ˵ܹͬ࣬õѩƵĿ϶ҲǼΪˡ
һʱ䣬ڵҲǻ˲١
ͬϴһ콲Ȥ¶ϿֱЦ翪ĹƵģںͻҲһ΢ЦϵţֶԷĳ硣
֪䣬ʱȥˡ
Ҫ͸ɴһʱ䣿ÿŷú棡
ڿҪ뿪뷨Цŵ
硭
ڵĻҲŴ۾죬ġ
ҡ
Ӧ黹кܶ࣬ѵ̣Լâʱǲܹ뿪
£鶼úаɣ챧һڣ
ðɡ˵ŶҲɵĵͷ
ţ˵ˣ
ҲЦףƸǣкѩһͬܿĴռ뿪ˡ
ڵ˵ǾҪʱ䣬ָܹԣѪܱˣ
죬ռĻҲûȥҪãΣȻа취ָǶ˵Ҳһĺ£ܹȥӦԪһ֮⣬ܹԼڻָ֮󣬵ʱΪֻʲôķӦҲûȥ롣

ô
뿪󣬷ҲǹԹԵȥĺˣʱ򣬻ȴǵĳʵ
ʲôô
Цӯӯķʣ㲻˵ô֪˵ʲôҿɲĻ׳档
ߣװģ
һ˵ˣΪҷǵģ
ŻߵſڣźԵѩƱˣ׼ȷ˵Ӧڻָָ
⻰ƽŲһ٣Ťͷ㲻ǲ˵ô
˵˲˵ôЦŷʣ΢΢
ߣ
һߣǽĸ׵Ĵв֪ЩģڣΪʲôĸԸѵãã
ô˵أ
ü΢΢һЦȴǱ̾ƣ㻹СЩȻ֪ˣȴֻ֪Ȼ֪Ȼ
֮ѡʵҲһ·ö鷳
˵ȴüͷҲ붮ڣʵӦҲһ̣
ôаɣ
ڰڰ֣Цõĵι˵ǲ˵ѩô˵ˣѲɣ㻹ٶҿʷһ
ôң
ƺǰһĳȥڣ̣֮һѣʱԼԶˣʵѾУ޷ˣ
ԶԶƮƵȴȻʧ
ȴǶҲδϸֳһĨεĿЦưƣվ̫СˣҺʱ
һ̾оþδɢȴ͸ʵһƬɫӵĵվӲ


1690 ֻһӵľ
ѩƣڵռ뿪󣬱Ǿֱ˲ƻصɽС
ϴβͬϴεʱԴ򿪵ĿռͨǸʱֱӻصɽȴǳ֮ǰ죬Ǭ뿪ĵطŰ֮ң
Ҳûȥ룬Ǳѩֱӻصء
һʱ䣬뿪Ҳȴǻʱ
ʱ٣ȷ̫ˣЩʱţܹŪôһռ䣬޿ռҲʱ٣ǿӽʱӶѰ߸ܿ
Ȼڲûֱ£뷨Ҳֻǵˡ
ûȥضԼרԺ䶼ûأȥ˾С
ʱľڣɴڣÿ֮еҲڸԲŬšö֮ħ֮֮һ˾ֿ̿࣬û˿и
飬ѣԼŮվǸ̨ϣʱ̹ע·״һʲô⣬Ҳܹʱ֡
ɽʱŮҲǵһʱע⵽ˣ̷ֱӭȥ
磬ô
ѿڶȴܿķӦҲˣϴ˵ʱ٣
Ǻǡ
ЦЦʾѩԼȥ󣬱Ǻܿ콫ռзһ˳䵱Ůָֻ̱֤֮ʱǸ֣ҲΪеˡ
ϾǶ֪ʵҲǵиͿ񽣵һȽҪˡ
ˣȲ˵ˣ֮ȥһǶǣ
ڰ֣漴Ŀ⳯·Щȥ΢΢ף㲻Щʶܺã
ǰ
Ҳ֮ͷЦӯӯĵϱͲȱţȱֻһ˫ܹǵ۾
飬ƺЩԼԼŶ֣Ц˵
У
ƲƲ죬˵أ
˵˭ɣǵȷǺܷǳ
Ц֮ȴҾûʱ䲻ˣû̫ʱչ
˼أʵ
ڲӰǽչǰ£һۣ˵
ô
ĻŮʱ治ѡ
Ļûȥ룬ֻôһ뷨Цһ£

Ůʱͷߣһĵİ۷ֱ춪
ϻȥúõã
˵һȴλ·ȥɵķҲǸ磬ǱΪâʦΧ
ѡϰܹ֮жʮˣǰ̵ľŹХ󲻶ת໥Ĭϣ֮տʼʱ֪ǿ˶٣Ҳ켫ΪοЦŲסס
ĵЩȻˣȴûһ˵ҲҪģѵʱҪѵӣԲΪⲿضѵֹͣ
һӣټʮ߸СӵǶһ飬Ȼ֣ͣ£
νнֹʱٶ֮չֵ쾡¡
ɲǣٶ˱ǿͣոԵվλȻ
ܺã
컷ˣ׵ʱ䣬Ƕֵĺܲ˵ĽĿõģǣҲһ㣬̸ֽԶûʲôõģԡ
΢һٺָǰһСӣȵǳ
ǣ
˵ԥǰһ
룬һˣ̤ľԶҲһ¡
ɴˣҲԿ⼸ʱѵȷûа׷ѹ
ڣǰҵǵˣȫȵ
⡭
һ˶ɫһ
̨ϣŮȴЦݣɫ
ʵղżȥʱǱѾ˲²⣬񲻹ǵõ϶ѡ
ô
Ǿ˳ɵӣɫһ࣬ûǸӣڲ죬ǵĵˣǵУѵԼ˶ֵĵӶû𣿡
һٲ֣Ǿ͸ҹ
ɨžˣӿΪɱǾ˵ɫʱһ䣬ȴҲûи̫ʱ䣬ǿʼһ
֣
˱ɱ֣ȴеǹ
룬ڴλõ˵һȣ˱ĬĽŹХתգۼѾǰ
һתǳչһս
˵Ķһˣ໥֮ĸֶֹβϳ֣·ǽ쵱һ㣬ǾŸÿһ˶û˿Ĳ׾ƽ
òϣ˵Ȼʱ䣬ȷѾʮֲľء
Ȼ޷ȥʲô˺һһĹƣȴ糱ˮһ಻໥λõתУԵ࣬κε͡
䡭
ء
춼ǵĹΧ֮У
һˣԪڣʲôǿĵƣҲӲˣ
Ҫ֪ʵԽ棬ֻһСľ磬еĲҲͬǵ蹵һ㡣
󷨲תʱ䣬ܹ˾޴ãҲȷʮ⣬עСӵתһڸп󷨵ǿ󣬶һȴҲǴѰһЩŵȱ㣬ϾνԣԹ壬ܹĹĦᣬ˵Ҳһȥȡûᡭ
תֹۣȥʮӡ
ˣ
ȻҲûʲôǾСӵ󷨱̱ƣһͬߵķһ㳯Ժ󷽵ɶ
ңΪº͡ȻɳȥԶײ˽ϣȴδˣΪºĹ䣬ǷŲ֮ʱҲգۼȫָ˹
Ǻܲ
֣Ե̶죬ܹ˳ɾͣҲǲˣ
ͻأģ컰һתȴȻ˲٣Ҳ˵̫磡ŹХȻʤ࣬ʤǿȴҲܵģǵϼ㲻˸֣ͬκνҵĿܣ
ԣӶҪŬȥĥϷŴľŹХ֮һٶǽп飬Ǵκͽ첻ͬ
ۣ˵ֻ֮һӵˣӽ͵ؽɢԼҪľӢ𣿡
ף
ĻɫصĴӦŵ
ֻһӣ֮Ҳ˵̭֮
Դ˵ؽһ
Ҳ˵ôԼ¶ԭԼ
һʱ䣬˵ʮӦŵ֮ȴһɫޱȼᶨһСӵǸ໥һۣһֽ֮֮ǰκʱ򶼸Ӽᶨĵ


1691 ʦϧȽ
̨ϣѱǵü磬̭֮᲻̫һЩʱộô̫õĬ
ô
ǺһЦȴԵʵڲеĻһֻСӾ͹ˣϾҲܵģ˾ŹХ֮⣬һҪڶʱڽ̵ǲһЩ󷨣Ҫѣ
Ѷ󷨷棬ǻİɣ
Ա˵漴һۣȴԵаŰɣ֮Ŀ飬Ӧûô򵥣
Ǻǣƶ˵Ĳ
ЦףȴǼΪգ۾ʵʲôѲɣ㻹ȫǴһܣͲ°ǵȫûˣ
Ȼϳ
ҡҡͷȴǺֽܿԴҡͬ˹һ㣬ҲȥأҪȥĻԴСߺߣ磬뽫ǿͷϣ
˭˵ȥˣ
Цһ£ڼŮΪУȴصЦЦİɣѾ˰ˣһҾȳȥһˣ
ߺߣģ㲻˵˼һأ
ǰƲƲ죬Դֱת·ЩˣֻתӣûСŮ˵ôɣȻĵҲޱȺġ
ȥʲôˣ
쿴˿ΧȴǴö֮пӰ
Ͳ㣡Ťͷͷ
ȻѾΪ˸ȴû̫ĸı䡣
϶ԣŮ֮õһˡ
˵һӣȥأ΢Ц
ƶ㣬ʲô磬أųƵ֣
᣿ôϲأǡϵʱ򣡡
Ϸʣֵʱ򣬸ŵ٩֮⣬ʱһ죬вĽ
ȿȡ
ҲǾЩΣȴЦѣʮĿλľӨúˮĳ췭һۣ뵽ĳҹûûҹɣ
飡
۾һǼˣ߻һŮӣȥŶʮңʵԪڣҲһǳǳš
Ҫǣʶ
ŮΪϧȽҵһŮӣжĻ¶ᱻɼ̳һͻһǿľˡ
УʶϧȽĲ
ȷ漫֮⣬ΪһʮݣǾǶݵĸŮҾ˵СѾīƵϲλλŮܹԪڵʵ
ãɩǺã
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лģģ
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ллɩӣԸ⣡ϧȽ۾һͷӦ
漴ע⵽ǷԼϵĿ⣬ϧȽȴֺߵĵͷȥģֱţһ˵ǰĶʦš
ȻҲ˵ѣҲֻܰڴľ˽̵УеĶʦϧȽ׻ʲô֮ϣΪⷽ棬Ӷı׽ߵӰɡ
鰡ôϧȽ˶٣ʵ
ĻŮͷȥϧȽ飬ڴ
ϧȽߣһͨʦǱߣʦͬĻҿԽʦ̵йڶʦһжȫţϧȽöĳɾͣһԳң˵
ллɩӣϧȽΪжĵл
ףֱӽ̱ǣһԺʦ͵ģӦ
ţ
ҲɵӦ⻰ټʦ˽⣬ʦ˼ǾԲġ
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ڱϺȻʵϧȽӿ϶ǲܼǱˣһˣô죿
ô£
磬ЦһȱţܲΪ˴ոȥһô˼ӽɣ
ܹŶʮţϧȽ飬ֻʣʮŸ鱾ĳЩ㣣ȷȱģҲԲˡ
У˵㣡΢΢һЦ
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˰֣ҴϧȽ뿪Щ˵ѵѾ죬Ҫ̫ⶢţǱ˳ʲô⣬ٽҹǣ
˵ʵʵЩȲҪϸĽ̵ϧȽʦţԲŻⷬ
Уȥɣ
ͷʲôѶƶҲһֱߣڽѾʩչˮֻ֮ҪУκεطҪûģ
ˮ֮
ĻŮʱһûĳȥ㲻˵
˵ʲôҸղŲŪõģЦá
㣡ǣ߿
ƲƲ죬кżŮǾֱ뿪վǶǿЦ
ŮԣϧȽߵͬʱŤͷһۣôôãгЦ֮⻹Цأ
ðɣӮˣ
ʼ磬漴ȴһӡҲǾֱصרԺУҡϣˮ֮򿪺󣬱㿴ǳڰеĻһҡΣһߺ裬жˡ
ŮϧȽȥĶҲûģҲǳʲôµģ¿ν־ɳǣȷǲûһѪ֮˵Ĵڣ
㻹úа
ȻʱⲢûгáԺűƿүүԨ
үү
̴ҡֱӣЦôпˣòֳʲô˰ɣ
Сӣôѻ죡
Աߣûĵ۵ι㣬˵Ҫ̭֮֮ˣ
Ҳ֪ˣЩ졣
ϻ˵ǲǰɣ
ǣ
ϵĺʹ죬ȴüëһСӣǲǷˣ󷨣ǶԵеʱɵ󷨣ӦԽԽ𣿻УûУ̭˵˻Сӣ㡭


1692 ؾ۵Ŀ񻶣

Ԩһĳںţ֮ܶһ仰̭ͬ
һֱں˽ʮӡ
Ԩʱ䣬켱æһ裬Цүү˵˰ɣȺȵɤӣ
˵еˣ㡭
˹˼ڣԨŻعЦõָ죬СӣҸ˵Ķˣ
ˣүүҲ˵ˣ֪˼
Ԩ׼ںȥ켱æѵ˲ôȥԵУǺʲôǽҪԵѪ£һļ
ۡ˭˵ԽԽã
ڻԪ½ϣҲۼŹХģֻоˣѵͱȲЩʮϰó𣿡
⡭
ԨɫһеϷ֮⣬ɵõһ̧֣۵ۣСӣȻûˣСΪ̫ϳϣͲ𣿡
ûûУĶҰ
켱æЦԨΪż򣬵үүҳ˳ҲӰӵңôҼأ
ӵҡ
⻰˵ģ춼Щ죬ɵÿЦһ¡
ԨҲһЦˣȻСԼĴ㣬ҲˣСӣҪҼסˣЩ̭ҲҪȥһ£Լ䣬֪𣿡
үүİɣаˣͷӦ
ˣˣ
ԨȥȴǺĵүүȵȡ
ô£Ԩפʵ
ţҴȥһˣ˵
ȥȥĶаɷţԨһ
ǣǻԪ½
Ԫ½ȥʲô
ǺǣŸ˹
΢΢һߣЩ˿ʲôľŹХ󣡡
˵ǾŸ
Ԩüϴǻʱ򣬲˵ǼСһһѾ飬𣿽Сʲôţ
ɣ
ԣԣɣ
Ԩͷ漴Сӣɱǿ˼ң˼Ҷмҵˣ
ǺǡүүİɣҲǿģҲܾ
УԼŰǣ
Ԩʼ磬֮Ǿֱ뿪ˡ

һɽС
Ÿ˲ɽСϣϳɽȥ
磬ɽҲ̫˰ɣңȫҵĵ̣УһԼĪʮզզ˵
˵СӣҲδ̫СһЩѵû˵ҵģ˵ˣһûĵ֮ǳ
СӣΪ˲ҪǴһܣ
ʹ˭˭
˵䣬ӱӣҪҴһܵơ
˵СӣСӣֹûУô꣬÷һΪŮӶü΢
诣ʲôǴ£Ǿ͵ϷһŮЦ
˻ʱ˵ĸ֮ͣǰֱЦáЩûûεļһǰǵӿ
ˣˣضˣ
֣λֵܽá
ôˣô֣Сأ˵ǳ
û
ǵʼľŸһ
Ԩ˵֮󣬱ֱӻص˻Ԫ½̵ʱ佫ټһ״ˣѾɼҵڶһκγɵĴӦͬߵ
ΪŹХʼʹúͲľˣ񲻽һԪǰڵʵڵڤ׾֮ʵȻܿΪΨһһԪڵˡȻ⣬˭Ůأ
ߣ
Ƴһ˸һּǽӲĴС
ǿռĲ֮ͬ󣬸һ˷쳣Ͳûеܶˣ״̬Сʲô
ѶƶҴ˭ˣ
רԺ⣬ŵͬʱҲﺰ
˭ѽ
ԺеŮܿ˹˵ɲǼ䣬ϲѡ
㣬㡭
ǳ嵽ǰ
ΪǵܣʵѾܾúܾûкԼĽǼˣȻޱȼ
ǳ嵽УǾӵţȻŮչ˵Ķ󣬺ܿյһߴߴ˵֪ͣ˵ʲô৵һ±ͨ졣
ˣһ˷ܰɣ˵˵£
ȥʮʮӣ˷ܾûȥ첻֣֮΢ƽһЩ
磬֮ǰò˵ȥЩ˰ɣ
Ѽ죬ȴǺĵ
飿
㶣ҲҪȥ
ţǿ϶Ҫȥģ
ͷ΢һ£ͷӦУҽҵʵѹԪң
磬Ҫʲô˵ѪĵˣòҪȥŪǰɣû⣬ֻҪһ仰ǡ㣬ʲô
û˵꣬ѱһֱ˹ȥ
죡۾һɡ
ðɺðɣҲ˵˻𣿡ίƲƲ죬һ㶼ʮˣŪôһЦ
ˣ˵£
ڰ֣νһټΪľǰһæ
漴ԼĶǶʮ˽п齲˳ǰ۾һԥıӦ诺ȻŮЩĦȭƣȲ˼
ȴԭһΪߣΪ˶ԸѪأ
СӰ
ЦõָָʾΪ
ѪµôöԸƾǼܶԸĻǻҪôǰڵ׼ʲôֱӳ嵽ѪռУЩȫˡ
ˣǼ˷ܣȥ׼Եĺסģڰ֣ǳȥ
û߶ԶԺ˷֮Ū첻һۣſЦõȥ׼ˡ
ϣŭԼԨ˶רŹҡ
Ԩ֮⣬λ˵ΪİһȴҲǹ֣˿ʧ֮
ԴˣҲΪ⡣
ңλֻǹһ˱뿪ˣϾҲףδ֮Ǻֵ˷ܣҪڳĻ񲻻ôЩţ޷ˣ
һҹĿ񻶣Ҫ˯Լ⣬Ƕһֱţ·˵Ļһ˿κεƣ롣
ڶϣһԹ緹֮һȥ̨ϣ׼Щ˵ѵڶǵĿȴҪʱ䣬ϾǾҲҪ΢ĥĥϡ


1693 ָŭ⣡
ȫԪϣ⡭Ҳδֲ̫˰ɣ
̨ϣ𽥽ѵ״̬ǣ̲סһ
ˣ֮⣬һľǼѵͷ
磬ҵʵ𣿡诿Цһ£ڻԪ½ϣԪҲ㲻ˣ˵ߣֻҪʥǿߣҲ˿壬ôԼһڸжûأ
Ԫ½Ԫ֮ΪҲǿˣ
첻̴ǣǻԵУԪʲôʥҲֻǲſʼѣ
ʥҲֻǲſʼѡ
ĻǶʱɴ˫ۣ˵ʲôǣȴʲô˵һЦѡ
ˣҲģԺʱߣһǰһ취ǵʵ
һʥûУ˵ȥֱҵˣ

ʥô״ﵽ
ŽʵȴҲĴܿǰע༯ҲڣһŹХתʱʱؿ˵ϼ䡣
˵Ǵ󣬾ʧ
һʧ󣬻߲һϣǿн˵ͬʱ⼸ټܹŸҲڲϵţ·ص˵νӴŹХʱΣ쿴ļΪο˵ͷ
ʱʱ֡
ӾǱ˹磬òˣҸطɣ
У
Ҳûʣ˼һԵȥɽǱ߰ɣ֪طģǹȥǣһԸȥȥǣ
ţã
ͷǴŰһͬ뿪⾺죬ۿȻȷˮ֮ȴҲܵģûԹۿúá
飬ȴһֱϧȽʦȥˣȥ˺δҲûϸ˵
УҲصĻʲôΣա

ҡĶôˣ
ڵռУ컺˫ۺȴԴϵҡΣ·ʧȥһЩ䡣
ˣ
ڴʱڴſ˽ҲſһԴǺ죬۾Ϊ鶯գѽգġ
˭Ķʵ
صȴΪµĻڳɻ
ǵãԼӦñӦԪһУװ˴Ȼͬ
ҪǣǵüµѪϣȻ󡭡ʲôǵˣ·ԴȫһŽʹֻ̡Ҫȥȥ룬ͻһ㣬Գܡ
ˣˣ
ߣָͷһ㣬˲ʹʧŤҲָ˲١
㲻ϣ뵽Щģ𣿡ڵԵ
ǰʲôˣʲôطУղ˵Щ䣬ָʲôɻѵʵ
ҽڣؼҵ̫ϳϣǱ͹Ƶģڼ䣬㲻֪벻벻ɣܱΪʹĺãڻصɼΪƽ
ʲô˼Ǳ͹ģ׷ʲôɲԸңҡҲȥ
֪
Ƴһ죬ʱ̺ǼᶨǰʱѪܵ״̬ȫͬ
ǣ
صͷ
û˲ּ
У
ףҿָ䣬˵ǰ棬ԼҪģ
ǣǰȫ칧
ڲٶԣȻ˫趯һ߲ʹâ˲ΧʶһӿԺһ˫ۡ

һкһ̾ŤߣԾſںķ뿪ˡ
֮󣬷дһʹİþδɢ
̣Ǹôѽſڴϣ۾գѽգļΪ档
㻹С
СԴЦ˵ȷ˾ˣ
ţһŬ쳤󣡡һСȭͷΪᶨ˵
ЦЦûж˵ʲôǲԶڵԺ䣬һĨܹ׵ĸӡ
þ֮Ҳֻһ̾ŷվЦߣȥҩǱߵĳɹ
ţ
˷ܵĵԴἰҩиҩĵСһ㣬ȴǲϵĳ̾÷ԽĽˣнԶɢ
˿̣Ƿеȴ棬ڵأˮȪӿֹס
סס
ڵİ£˳ΪѪ¿Ƕʱм䡣
һʼⷽƣһУټϺ߱ԼӦԪǻں޵飬һĻĻͬӰƵĲԺظʹ಻
ڵأﲻϵĽŸף˫ȴǽԴ޲ýԼ
ʹ֪׹ȥãʵǳܲס͵һѪ˵ǻʹȥ

ˣ
Ѵ򿪳صƤ֪ùȥһˣһͬһڶ𣬲ȴڣ죡
֮˹
ʹȥ죬ִڿ˽⵽ľҲ̾һԪѣҲףеʹҲֻԼܸƽ
٣٣𣿡
켤ѣŴӴͨһֱӹȱߡ
٣ɱ˸ףɱ
Ҹô죿ҵҪô죿ﲻˡҸĸ
˺ѷΰĺٴʹĺţԵǰҡ
ˣ
üȥԲС
תԪһȡ
죬һ㣡
ǿнӵץʹû㸸ףȻѪ£Ȼ֮ǰһҪ취ָ
㵹ãָǻָˣ㿴ӣҪڼĻʹãԵ㸸𣿡
㸸ĻָڸĲʹ֪࣬
Խ̺Ԫ·һһ䶼뵽ĵס
٣ɱİңң
˺ѷεĺţ֡
ԣ㣡㣡
һȵôңô죿ԾԲУΪڼܻ𣿡
ԾԲС
ȻСһЩ˸ȴ˵Ĳƽ
ȻڼȷһƶΪʲô
ΪѪ£Ѫµˣ
ĻҲҪѪЩǰ棡㸸ױ֪𣿡
֡
Ǳŭͬһը쿪Ȼһԭʹ಻񣬶Ȼ࣬һĻȴҲ΢һ


1694 ̵Ļع飡

ԺУЦϣȶųСѾͷȥûֵС飬ԶûзƵģȴڲԶЦݵŷǳ֮ɫ
ŵŵš
ŲԶ𽥳Ժ俿
һǱرյԺű˿컺룬ǸɫƽΨ˫ɷŨŨĺ⡣
ȰοѾָ˺ܶ࣬ѪܳΪ˵ʹԼӦԪ֮ȻȴǶѪµĺ⡣
˵ǰѪԵĻô֮Ѿֲݵĳޡ
ˣɣ
ЦЦֱӴڷ˳
Ҳֱ£ȴǳڵлŹԹԵߡ
硭
˹һ˵컳УĳҲʧ
ҲϵһοӣǳΪ棬ֻֻ΢࿴һ۶ѣδʡ
̣лл죡Ͽҵ˵
ˣض񣡡
ڰ˰֣ȥЦҲԼҺñƳѪܵʱ䲻һ£ҲΪˣ
ΣҲĶأ
Ц˵Ҳվһ̬ȼΪ
Ǵˣڵ̹Ȼһʵ
ǵģܶ࣬ɲܶͣ
ͷص
еķȴ죬磬Ҫۣô죬Ͳܶ죬𣿡
绹кܶҪҪ죡
ɫԺæˣרŹ棡֪ҪԹԵĿ쳤˵´ʱѾˣȻͿһȥŶ
𣿡
۾һ
Ըȥú棬ܹ̺ʹһǾٺҲˡ
Ȼģ
챧ŷһڣЦȴæˣӷȥ棡ʱ·û󣬶û¶ҲͬŶ
ۣ
⻰СѾͷ˷ܵſС죬ЩŵŤͷȥ̣˵𣿡
ֻҪԹԵЦŵͷȴЩӡ
Ϊ˵ָȻѪˡ
Ҫæ£֪Ҫãĳ׽Ѫ£ôضн˸ǣʱ·ûĽɣչ˵ĻСѾͷİȫȻҲʲô⡣
Ү̫ÿ
ĵ漴ȴҧָʵ̣磬ɲһأ
ɵѾͷȻˣ
ڶһЦԥӦ
̫ÿ
˷ܲѣΪ̫Եʣԭʧĳٴγ֣ϵȶţȴǷֵͬľ飬ʱĻƽ˼ȸԾա
Լȥɣ˽ûŶ˵
ţȥ磬ټ
ԹԵͷܿǳ˳ȥֻһԶȥЦ
ԺУֻʣˡ
ɫ΢΢һЩҪߣҲ£о仰Ҫס
Ŷ
еأüëһӦ˵
ԸѪ£ҪնݳĻѪô򵥣
ڳ
ţ⻰ɻʵָģĪѪеˣǲɽµ¶ѣѵûɽ£ǻʲôֶ𣿡
ɵӣΪƾһɽ£ܹѪ˵Ҹȼչô𣿡Ц
ѵʲô֣
ȴûж˵ʲôֵˣȥɣס˵ĻǣʲôҪĻң
л̣Ǹˣ
վǺܿ뿪ˣȴûע⵽뿪Ӱ֮ʱһ̾
ҲҪˣ
ʱ˽Ե
ȥĶ
㲻ùܣҾǺ˵һ
ƲƲ죬תߣڿĿЦãֻҡͷȴǱԽӣþδ

ڵĳ֣ǻعˣҲøʵȴѾﵽԪ۷壬ʥҲһ֮ң
ȻȻһҪͻҲһʮֲ׵飡
ûлԵ꣬ʮ궼һܹﵽʥ
УҲ֪жһһУҲûͻƣ
٣ҡ
ɽУı鼫Ϊԥ
ôڵģЦ
ţ
ͷЦǰʱ䣬ô飬仹⡭
ˣ
ļЦŵҲģڲԭ㣡񽣾Բģ

쳤³һڸԼһֻҪܹԭңҪʲôԣҪҵҲһüͷ
㰡߰ɣ
ЦãҲûٶ˵ʲôǴһصС
ֱȥרԺ䣬Ǵ˶˻
ɴϧȽ֮⣬ܿȼҲǺܿˡ
㡭
񽣼ɲǣȴǶȻɫһ䡣

һʱȥ
ˣҲΣ漴Խ׿ڽѾָ˵齲˳
Ҳԭ໥ȻΪ֮ǰ飬ȷ϶һЩ϶ڣĵҲȻû̫ļ⣬Ҳǰܿ콻ѣջ㲻
˴ΣҲǻعˡ
ȴǴѪ֮ǰѪҪѪ²ݣ
һѺʾУĵҲҡ
ȥһȴǳʵ׼ôˣа𣿡
ʵģȻǺ㿪ʼĶЩ֮ǵĿ顣
ӣֻһ̭֮ʵȷܴ󣬶ԾģھŹХ棬Ƕ޷ƾǴ˷̭ܹڣ
İɣ磡
ؿڣȻǼжʱûˣǰĻڣںϣѾָǰٰ˳ɵˮ׼ǺſʼǼŬŬָʮɵϸʲô⣡
ǰ磡
ҲԱ˵ڱǰʵ˲٣ҲӦ֣һת֮ǰҲܶ࣡
Ǻǡͺã
Ц׵ˣǶȥѵɣסҶˣȻһҵֶΣ
ٺ١߿
һЦкһͬȥҲȥˣϾͬΪеһԱ
ڣҲȥߣ
˵Ҳûԥһкһͬ뿪
ܿ죬ԺҲֻʣ죬ˣȴһֱû֪ʲôطء


1695 󷨶Կ֮
磡
ѳһ£ʵȷѾȫָ

⻰첻üëһΪʲôôʣѵѶоʲôĵط
ǵǡ
ҡҡͷҪҲδ̫˼ˣһû˵Ѫܹ»ָģ
˭˵أ
ǺЦֻ˵̵ֶ̫ˣ
ϣ˰ɡ
ףԴ֮ԾЩɻ
ѪǱʲôϢ𣿡˶٣ἰ飬תʵ
ûʲôܰǱߣһϢûУ
˵ǰʱ䣬Ѫ»ڲϵսϾһЩԵش߼廹ûȫƿأ⼸Ȼȫȷ֣
¡һЩıɣ
ۣԵĺ
ò˶ãͻһѪսˣ
ɫԵΪȻ
ǰ
Ů̾һٶԡ
ʱصգȻһʣƣǵȴǲؼ֡
ʣϣѪɫźá

ʱ֣ǻû֮ǰΧѾռ˺֮ܶˣһͬĽ̸֮ڶϾ趨Ŀ֮£ѾŪ˲֪
мλãԭڵҲȫȡȡ֮һľ޴磬ΪľǷֹڿ֮ʱԹսɳ𲻱Ҫ˺
ܿ죬ڴٶˣҲǴ˴νܿǶʮˣֳӣԵĶʮ߸СӣÿСӾˣ·Сһ壬ܲĿĹע˿ûһı֣ܿ˾վ
ţǸ̨Ҳʮ˻߳
𣬴ŭݣĳԨ
ټϣ죬飬ѣƣ񽣣죬Լѧϰö֮ϧȽټĸŮ硣
Ҫ÷ͰһģŮȴǾܾˣˣ

˹졣
Ԩ΢΢һЦֺЦȻ㰲ŵģǾְɣǼֻǿͣ
ã
Ҳߵǰ棬һ˺󣬵ԵĹأ֮ǰѾúˣҲͲظұҪǿһ㣡עصϣ˲ˣ
ԣҲһῴӮϣô
ף
Ӧŵĵͷֺ󣬾ͼһ˶Ӿֱɶ룬գۼ˾Уٶ˶档
ٶˣӵλ໥һЩ϶ԣǾ˶ȴԵС˺ܶ࣬¾Ѿ˾Եơ
ףǲ𣿡
Ȼйս֮˴Ӿ˶ϳɵþ
ʱ䣬׷
Ҳ˽һЩʵһĻﶼԵüΪ졣

ȷҵŮ˲٣ȴҲͬβս֮ˣ̫ϳϵǱ֤ʵѹԪڣԲᳬһ֣
⻰Ҷ׷׺ܿ찲
ԭĲɣҲȫȻʧ
ǾܻƷ
ˣڶĻҲ˵ˣ
ڰ֣ļԵӣʮСӣԼս˳ΨһҪ󣬲ȶסҶԼˣ
ǣ
ӦŵҲǻصԼλϣΪƽ
·ܿѡ˵һսСӡ
ʵԪڣղŵ˵صǿ໥ϣһӮ
ԵһսҲһҪֻҪ㹻Ĭͨ쿼ļҲȻܶࡣ
˴ο飬ҲôĬҪԣڿʼ֮ǰѾˣҪ飡
ʶѾߵǰľ˺ǵɫΪȻûκһС֮⡣
֣
Ҳ֪˭һߵĶת
Ϊ磬Ϊ㣬ߣһԼ룬ǾŹХĻ
ǣǶľСӣȫǰеת
ܿ죬һ
ΧĹսҲ׷׾۾Ψִһ㾫֮
λܿڸһӴɲǣΪ󷨺ĵȴǶȻһȣߵ˱תɲǼ·ѾΪһ壬һޱȿֲƣʥ֮˶ε۲ѡ
ģ
ţܿ˫оâһȵ
ˢ
ɲǣռŶλĺλԥֱϮûκη˼
ȻΪǵĬ˳ֵʱ򣬾źλλһ壬ԼߺλƽҲ֣֮ȫΪܹȫصĻκΣա
һΣһܹ󱳽ǵľΣ
ת
ţܿһȡ
ŹХ֮תһ£ԵеĶˣȴתһԣת״̬λߺλƽԼλȻȴߺһƵģŷһǿĳ
תһ
ܿ۾һУȵƣ
ƣ
ͬʱȳźλһλɷԾǽǸԵ˲ע뵽ڣֻһӵݺݵسǰǾС֮ϡ
ƣ
ȻƵˣ
գۼ䣬ǾŸԪ֮ɵСӱ̱ɢŵӰߵķһ㵹ɶһɳʮ֮Զ
ǶЩ飬˲ܵһЩڸôˡ
ӿʼܹõʱ侹Ȼӣ
һɲǣйս֮˶סˡ
Ҫ֪˫ʵӦǲĲŶԣҲʼֻóԪڵʵѣ
ɲӵʱ䣬ǿƻͬʵľСӣҶš
Ǿ֮˿ڹսǿȴô𺳡
⡭
ҲЩȣƽɫɵʵѵǾŹХôǿ
Ǻǣǿɲ˵ģ
ЦЦҲûоͣŪЦá
̫ʧˣ
վǰ˼ƾһСû취ˣôɡ
΢һٺȴʵղǸСȫ
ǣ
мڶӵ߳ղűɢȴ¾һ𲻺󷨵ľҲǼУܼŰʮһڴˣѾշŴľŹХ󲼺ƣԸ
磩Ҫʲô
˶Щ⣬ȴǺȻааһЦֺȵһϣ


1696 ǣȻϢ
һϣ
⻰˶һ¡
ǾˣԼǵڶӵİʮһˣŵ̨ϵ졣
ܵĹսҲһ첻ѡ
⡭
ԨҲЩˣæߵߡ
ûԨ˵ʲôǴϵүүģд㣡
磬Դˮ𣿡
Уڶλ̲סһֻۣоŸ˰ʮһҿǵվλҲǰվŹХģⲻǱƷ𣿡
Сӣ˵ʲôأ
λҲߵüһ
㣬ûû˵ʲôӣǲҡͷ

˾٣˷׷Ц˳ЦĸΪģСٵɪ
ЦУҵɫҲΪء
ϾԾСӣôһʮһ˵Ĵӣȫһ
ۣˣĵĻҲͣǲֵĻǾȫ̭
֣
䣬ǵڶӵǷ׷ɫ䣬ԥıǽŴľŹХת
ֻһ˲䣬ǽȾ
׼
Ϊ󷨺ĵܿһ£ȫȻ
أ
ִܿкȳվκλõ˶ȫͬʱ໥ԪǾƣգۼΪһƵģܴǸĹҲֻܶĳһȥӰ죬ֹǿȣȴ˷ֵܣκεӰ졭
䡭
ŴľŹХȷס
⾺봫ǰʮһ˰վСӵռλãǿ乥ֶθ಻ҲǾɫص˼㡣
ÿһ˶Ǿѡģʵ͵ĶԪǰڡ
󷨵ǿʩչ˵ѾԶԶǵı̫ԵʣҲþ˸ܵ˾޴ѹһɫ֮֮ǰκʱҪغܶ࡭
ԼҲû뵽쾹´
ʼ˵ģǾžŶԿѣ
λǱҪƴˣ
ܿһһ߷ͬʱҲڲϵ۲죬ճǾԲ䣡һҪӮ
ţɣӦȻûгȴҲ׷׸ԵͷʾѾ׼ˡ
ã׼
ۣܿܲתǴ;ŹХѰʵĶʱ
Źȥ˲ʮңܿȻ۾һȵĶߣ
ɲǣͶԥĳǰϮǽǿĹȫȻͬʱߵһұߵƽҲǺȻϮǿĳ˲ӿĹһ١

ųһң
˺λ诣λȻźλһλȫ
򵥵ĻȴᣬԣͨĬϡ
֮䡭
ܿһ£˵Ĺƶ˾޴ãְͬʱСӾĺˣȻ󷨲ôױƿȴҲ໥ϴȥ˼Ӱ졣
㲹λ
Է֪˭һλõ˲˹Ǻ˵Сȴȡλãһκܿı㽫Ǵ;ŹХٴμת
ˣȻѶԸ
ܿ۴Χȴ¶һĨЦݣֻλϣǻһЩȻȷԽٴתȴ֮ʧ֮ǧ
˵ţˣô򣿡ûĵ
ٺ١ðɣǾͿʼɣ
ܿٴΣֱӺǣ
ɣ
⻰һ𣬺ԥĵԪ
ȻԾǽʵѹԪڣûгֺ
׼
ܿоâһȵųϣߣ
䡭
ԾźλλһΪλ˺λ诽ϣǾǿгǾСӳ˹ȥ
𼱣˿ȥ
һ֣ǵĳǷŴľŹХתеȫһϣͬʱ˷Ǿһǿѹȡ
ǡϵˣ
ܿǸֳһĨϷʣʱҲûеܿڣ˱ǹһЦȻμ˸άתǰ£ǸԵٶʩչ˼£תһλɣԼߺλƽΪҺ󷽼Ϯȥ
һɲǣǱ˽֮ղŸ͵Ĺƣ
ܿ˵ҪֱӺɶԷ
䡭
ء
ǳ䲻ĹУǿĳ˲˳һ壬е͹ȫܵĿռ䶼ܲסһ㣬ǳĹУܳһСͿռѷ졭
ţһʹ𺳵Ŀ£ЩжʮϮݺײΧĽϣ綼ѡ
ȴҲֻǿʼ
ʮһ˵ĴȻΪЩ˵ıɶܵһЩӰ죬ǻʣôأ

ܿһ£ûκηϻתĿ꣬һεĹȴͬݿһ㣬Ȼ˲ֵĵֿȴûʲôá
ʮʱ䣬ɰʮһɵķŴľŹХֱӱƣ
ȻҶûܵʲôˣҲǱزģڸԼĳһɫʮѿ
Ȼ⵹ʲôޣֻһΣ
ܵ˼Ĵˣ
˭Ҳû뵽ʮһ˾Ȼ˾Сӣ˼Ҿ˵ʵǲ࣬Ҳ߲Ķȥ
һʱ䣬¾һľˣԼɢܵǣڳ˶סˣкö˶鲻Խվ漴ڱصһ
ȷ׸ǵģ
ʤ࣬˴ονľ䣡
Ȼӵûг֣սⰻȻľˣҶף¾ˣһϣĽҲ˶١
˵ǵģɫŹֲѣһʵ
ţǡ
ͷҪ˵ʲô֮ʣȴǺȻɫһ䣬кȻһ鴫
⴫ͷϹԶϴĪɽĪүݷ֮µģΪľܹϵ졣
һʱ䣬̨ϵǶ׷׳ȥ
ڼӺ󽫴պãһɫصĵѪµ˶ˣ
ô£æʵ
򣡡
³
򣿡
ɫһ䣬æʵѪµ˿ʼԶ֣
ǿʼӦѾƻ˵ģ
˵ͷӵĴ˵öǱصѪ֮һ֣нһ߼ѾѪУ


1697 
ĻΧ˾һʱ䰲һıüΪѿ
нһѪС
ǺεȾ˵Ϣ
Ѿ꣬ѵҲᲽ󳾣
Ϣ׼ȷ𣿡Ԩʵ
ţӦòд
ףͷ˵Ի㱨ģԾԳųɣ
Ѫɽµȷ̲סˣ
˫˸žâΪ
ɽ±ˣ
ۣԶڵҲһҪԶ֡
ţ
⻰΢΢һʱѿڶ

һ㵣һɫٴ˼
ϴΣѪ֮ʱȻֻЩ̫ϳ֪֮ȴһһʮĶˣ
Ȼûۼȴ˽⵽Ļʵٶңʶ˵ֱһ޴ĳ
˵ĻôĲѪɽԳ֣һͿԴѪ֮սˡ
ϾһǿĲʵһ־Ե壡
Ȼʵ֪Ѫϵķֻк£ºһİ£ȴһֱû¶桭
ǻ˵°ⷽҪɽ¡
ҿҲӦȥǱ߿
ԨüͷѪ»ûȫƿض򣬷½͸û취ˣ
ͬ⣡ЩѪ£ȫŭӦ
Ҳû
Ҳ漴ͷӦ
Σû̱̬תʵ
϶ҪȥҲϵʱ̫
һǱֻ߲ؼңˮңΣԹȥ
ˡҲã֣Ҳܹģ
ͷеļᶨ
ҪǣǶ֪һЩˮ֮ĹϵˮҴС׿ڽйˮ㣬ʱԨΪˮϱأ
磬һɣ
飬ѣԼƷ׷˵
⡭
Щɣ漴룬ǵͷӦ
磬ҡ
վϧȽ죬û˵꣬ȴǺǺһЦϧȽȻҪһ⼸ѧϰ˵Ҳʱȥˣ磬˵ǰɣ
ãǾһ𣡡
컹ûܾȻҪĻǽܵʾ⡣
ΪݵĸŮϧȽνǲòѣɴʱͬ⣬ҲǲЩżϧȽǿĵӣȴֻһ̾Ҳûг
Ͼ߳ȥܱϧȽһҪȫöࡣ

תһʱȥǶʮ˵ĿѾ
ɫ𽥻谵վڸ̨ϣûӮһεǣɫΪȻЩȴһĴͷȫǲ˼
ٶˣȻûһϣͬľˣǾȻûӮһΣǺεȵĴ
ȻڱͬʱһҲȾ޾
ҶԼˣ¾ˣҲκεԹԣټ֮ҲûκֵȥԹȥĵط
ǵı֣ҾͲ˵ˣڸĬ֮䣬׻ЩʲôҪģǽҪȥŬģô
ף
ΣҾʱ̭κˣһᰲǣö֮ħ֮һȥһط֮ǷܹͿԼıˣ쵭ļ
ǣ
˷ܲѣӦô˲١
ܺãɢ˰ɣ
ڰ֣кǼλһͬӸ̨뿪Ƕ뿪˲𽥴Ӿɢȥ
ǾʵһУҶ۷׷ף䵱ͨ뿪ʱһ˫˫Ŀ׷ϣʾҶǾ˵־磡
ҹ콫Ǿˣټһ˹
ŮöŮǺϿԼ֮İһ뷿£ǼΣ
ĺǿ
Ϊ󷨵ĺģܿȿڣû취ӦԣʵȻǿϻһЩ໥Ĭ㹻ⷽҪӮǣҲἫΪѣ
ԣһύһҲҽǴӻԪ½ԭ򣡡˵
磬Ҫʲôֱ˵ɣȲĵ
֮ǰھ˵ˣȥһطҲҪһǵľ飬ܹ
˵䣬΢һ٣кȻ˰˿ɫҲģ˿񽣺֮⣬Ƕȥɣ
ٺ١
˺֮䣬֪ʲôһǰɫߣĲѡ
ⶫͻʥĻͳɹҲϣǲҪʧ˵
磬ǵҪȥĶɫպú󣬶ܺʵ
ĻҲ׷׳˹ȥͬΪ档
ȥ˾֪ˣ
˰֣Ŀϣ΢һ£ż죬һҪ㣬Ը𣿡
һȥ򣡡صһĨ⡣
Ȼ϶Ѫ¶ȥġ
ģԺеǻᣡңò˶õģ˵ȥҲȥѪս
Ǻðɡʲô飬پܷԸӦ
ΣָȰˣʵ
ǳãԥӦ
ҪȥôǾͲһҸȡеλãŹХ֮ʱռݵߺλô
˵ԥӦ٣Ը⣡ҵһӰ쵽ǵķӣ
ЩŵһǰˣҲЩȫû뵽ô
ԣȥҲҪһһԲУһҲҪ𱣻ôңǵӣʵ棬ҲԪ۷壡ֵĺãҿͬһɫͻʥ򣡡˵
ɫ
Ļʱ۾һ
ʵղŹ⵱óɫǣΪľǶһЩ̼Ҳһͷˣ
ΪأŤͷȥʵ
ԣ
ܿŵҲһܹڶʱڴﵽĬ̶ȣڴ磬Ҫ˼ô˵㣡
ûµģףһŬģʲôòõĵطǾָһģЦ˵
Ǿôˣ
֣ȻȥϢȥǱ߼ϣǹȥ
Ļҷ׷ȥ쿪ʼǵҲ˼ڴ


1698 ҵ𺳣ִﶫ
ڶ磬ھ˲ٵˡ
ö֮ħ֮Լܹ֮ˣټǼڴˡ
ûܹ룬ЩҲûйϾ޿ռҲȥģûжĺġ
վڸ̨ϣ컷ˣԵҴȥĵطһռ䣡ȻûʱٵĲͬŨȽ֮ȴҲҪǿϲ٣ǱҪúи
⣬Ҹǽһˣ
˶٣ʾǰΣֻǽȥ뿪뿪֮ǵĸˣס𣿡
סˣ
ӦŵҲǼΪòĳҹʾ⣬˿κһĸ߰ʮƽ׽ˡ
ܺã
ͷ漴Ͽռ֮ӿͬʱ˫ӡĿһ׹ⶸȻУʱռĲУܿһռͨչС
νȥ
ʾ⣬̰շԸǿռͨУһȥģ֮ǿռͨҲ֮ʧӿҲӿĿռҲ𽥻ָƽͷ·ûгֹƵġ

޿ռ䣬ȫʱ򣬳֮⣬춼ΪȣཻŨŨȣҶԵüΪ˷ܡ
¾ûʱٵĲͬٶȷҲ϶١
磬ʲôطʵ
Ҳ׷˶䣬ϸš
ϾȻΪ֮ˣƽҲʶ㣬ܹĳռ䣬ҲΪġ
˵ǻܹˡ
޿ռ䣡
΢΢һЦ΢һջԵͬʱҲԼĿռ䣡
ԼĿռ䣿Īǣ㴴ģ˫ۣ
仰Ҳʱô֡
ȴûԼĿˮǺûĳһۣҲδ̫˰ɣҪܹԼ˿ռ䣬һ𣿡
ղŲ˵
ίƲƲ졣
ҵ˼˵ҿƿ𣿡һ
ٺ١࣬࣡
ڨڨһЦ
ҲǱĻסˡ
ƿôһռ䣬֮Ǿ˵ΨһƿߣԿռκα仯
¾ɣ
һʱ䣬˿Ŀⶼޱȵĳ羴ȫǽ쵱żһ㿴һ˫պĿȵ˼㡣
ҲмǲҪ̫룬ЩɽŸָħޣ˵ˣ¾ʥ֮˽ȥҲΪΣգ
쵭ԵҪѭ򽥽򲻴֣Ƕ
ף
ͷ
ˣԼŰŰɣˣ
ףҲûж˵ıֱ˲뿪
˭Ҳ֪ǣѾ޿ռӡǣЩֻҪʲôΣҲԵһʱܵԲгκһ˵
ȻҲһϾЩﲻ棬ġ
о仰˵úãܼʺ磿
һƶܲˣܹɾͣ

ˣ
רԺУ߽Ѿڴ˵ȺŵļŮ׷׳
ǵӣӦѾ׼ˡ
ְְ֡֡
׼˵ʲôʱСӰ˹һһҵ֣ͷǿĿ죬Сۿ̺ŵˮʱƵġ
Ӵôˣ
ǺһЦܲ˸۸СССүɣ
ְ֣Һ͵ܵҲҪһȥĸ첲С˵
û˵һ𰡣
΢΢һ
뷨ҪǵģϾǶˣܲܰ磬߰ɣ
ҪĻСһ֪Ҫأ
ɰĵȷȷʮֿɰɵƤǷȴҲ˿ġ
𣬰ְ֣
ĻСһʱ۾һվһԵҲǴӺ첻ӦĽлָࡣ
Ȼ
ĺһСһְʲôʱ˵㻰ˣ
Ү̫ÿְÿ
Сһ￪Ĳѣֵ˷ȸԾţ쿴ļֱЦá
ˣǶ׼Ĳˣǡ
εʼ磬Ҫ˵ʲôʱȴǴ߽Ӱǿ񽣣÷Ͱǡ
үҲҪȥ
˵ʮּᶨ첻ͬ⣬ҲԼȥ˼
Ϊȥ
ûķһۣҲֻӦУҪȥȥ׼߰ɣ
ٺ١
ЦǷֱ÷ͰС֣೯ȥ

Ϊܹĵִﶫڴɽͳƽһ񣬱֮Գ֣ʵǰ£ʮ˺ܿ˲˶ķΧڡ
ʱ䣬ԽķΧʵȷ˼Ϊ𺳡
÷ͰҪһЩΨϧȽȴȫȻͬʵĴΧ˲ƣ⻹һξָоֱ޷ţȴֲòţԽ޾
磬ȥĶˮң
Χһۣ漴ʵ
ߣյõϢнһļѪ֣֮һȥ˭ұ֤鲻
Ȼ࣬ȴʮ֮ࡣ
ߵĻ϶һЩҪ鷳ǱҪһᱻ̫עĵطš
ڵĵط˵ˮõѡ
ؼأʵҲԣڷطСʦûڻˮɽóȻȥؼǱߣҲȷЩ̫á
Ļףȥˮң
ϵˮĶڼлǡʵ
⡭
ȻʼոоԼ˵ʲôȴȥϵˮ첻Цһ¡
ѵǴ˵е˳մ
ðɣĶأ
ϴμˮаɷУɺˮȴ˵Ҫһ˶뿪ˣֱԾɾûϵһΣĲ֪ˮڵΡ
ڨЦóʼϵˮľٶǼŮһЦ
漴ûȼŮЦȫʧɫȴ˲ѿ
ôˣ磿ע⵽ЩŮʱʵ
ˮˣ
ۣŸûһӦû£ԲУǵÿȥˮң
ţû˵ʲôǳƵƶһ˲ƣϹȥ
ã
ҲɣͷһͬٴδŴҳˮҵķ˲ƶȥ;ҲûϢһΣܿˮˮɽˮϡ


1699 ˮ֮䣬ˮĳ˯
ô£
ôˣˮ򰡣
ѲɣѪѾˣ
ˮϵһУ֮ǲƷ棬лûȫȻɢѪϢ
ûһķݣһӰǲƣ·һ޴Ƶģ
˶סˣֱš
ã
ɫһ䣬æռеλóǰ첽ȥܿ˼εεſڡ
εǵµĸöľȻǸŶľ࡭
أ
˵ľ诺ͶľˣεȻװûʲôı仯ȻߵüΪæ̨ܶƷûܴߡ
ӣǳˣ
ۣˮˮƿصģȻģˮҲ
˵첻Щż
ȻˮҲ˲٣ΣԴЩ֮ˮңˮҼˮĪԼΨһĳϣҲѾˮĪһ˵ˮҹ񣬶ǿɽѡ
ˣˮһˮĴڣ
ƲŮϵᣬˮеҪԣ˿Ů
磬Ҳ𼱣ھ͸ɴȥˮһ⣡ο
ߣ
һеĵҷ£к뿪ˮ򣬳ʮ￪ˮɽٷȥ
һ·ϣҲ˲ٵĲƣеѪϢȴҲû˿Ҫǣһ·ϾȻûмһӰ֣ʱһ·ȫ졭
·𣬷·ǽ뵽һƵģ
ҲɫԽء
ܿ죬ҽˮɽ
ռ䣬ǰ·ҽѹû˵ǹԹԵĸԡ
ɱ
Ȼ˴ʮӺۿԽԽˮɽȴһ˲䣬Ȼһһŭʮ˳Ÿǰ˳ﺰɱģҲûжʣչ˹
⡭
üҲˣ㲻ôԼ⵽ֶԴ
֣Ҳǵڰֵ
ϣ
ӦһҲûаγ󱳸ؽûʹѪ񻯣ôֵĳǰȥ࣬ȴѺֱ֡
ء
һʵǿڵԪǣȴһһıڵأ˵Ҳֻ˶ѣΣȻҪٶǳ֣ҲǾԲܵˡ
ʲôˣ
ǰһһֲɵζ
ȻЩȻڲϰȴûһشлкüֱӳ³ˮһ˫˫Ĳɫ
үô죿񽣵ҪֱŪǣ
ˣߣ
ڰ֣ȻЩϸо˼ǿĵ⣬ȴҲףǲѪ֮ˣп϶ʲôᣬڶˮңˮĹģҲûǸʱ͡
֮Ҳһȷѡ
һ˺ܿǼˮɽȥ˵һ֣ϵںŭȴ޷ֹǵĲҲֻεĿһʧǵУ
ˮأѾǵһˣټˮ֮ĹϵԼˮҲȷж˵ˮؽ뷽ģΪ֮һ
ܿ죬Ĵ£ʮ˱ˮڵռ䡣
Ȼոսɲǣܲ۶ʮȫΧ
Ҫʲô
ɫһ
Щһɫƣϸɢɱǽǵһ
ʲôˣ
һʥ֮˳ôģʵȻǶǲ
Ƕˮҵˣ
췴һ䣬ɫĵˮĪˮ˵
СӣƾҲǼ
ʮֲмЦĵҲſң㡭ſң
û˵꣬ζȻԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾס˴˵ĲӣӵӲİθһЩɴҲȫ޷֡
ſ
ʱΧҲȺ鼤
״ҲǷɢ籣룬ܣɫΪȻ
øҰֵ㣡
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㡭
ɱ壬Щ˹ǲǰм־ľֱӴͷӡ
ס֣ס֣
ʱһżԶ˹һɫӼٶ
ҲˮҵļˮĪޣ
ˮĪޣһļˮȻǼȴûһȨԡ
ˮҹİˮĪ޲˱仯Ҳ˼
ȻΪˮĹϵʵˮĪȴҰ쵱
μ
ˮĪ޵ĵΧ˷׷׹һ˫˫Ŀޱȵ磬¾ˮĪҪȥҲһüͷ
ž
Ҳֽʥ֮ڵϣˮĪϣЦˮôļƣҴ˹⵽˿ڿ˵Ҫɱң֪ˮνͣ
⡭ᣬᰡ
ˮĪ޼æסҪڵǣæ٣ֻǽǵѪ֮ˣǹԣλ£
ˣ
˰֣ˮĪĳܵǶ°ɣסԺٺλҪȥʲôطҪκ飬ǲ
ǣ
˹Ӧŵһ׷׽ȥǸʥ֮Ҳˣ¶κβɫ
ˮ˼ðˣ
ûˣҲǷ˸ղŵ̬ȣЦЦʵˮҿҲ⵽ѪµϮɣӣˮӦûӦǲ֪ΣСˮôˣǲǳˣ
٣ȥ˵ɣ
ĻˮĪ޲Цһ£Դǰȥܿһ¡
٣Ǵ϶Ѿˮ򣬼丽ɣһжѪΪΪ˱֤ҵİȫ֮ǰڣˮϵľȫɽҪƾصѪ¶Կ
ºˮĪ˵ţ漴һ٣תΪʱ䣬ȴһǿУ֪ʲôֶΣǳ˯ѣ
ʲô
ǰĻҲûʲôоֻǶˮĪ޵ͷ
ˮ˯֮ʱȴɫȻ˲䣬ˮĪޣˮ㵽ô£ȥ


1700 ˯ˣ֮ŭ
ĳԺ䷿УǸˮĪߣҲڴϻԲѵˮ
һϮİɫȹµϢʮ΢·ʱʧȥһϢһ㣡Ͽһ˯ƵģڴϣɫȴѪɫ
顭
һʾһ¡
ţ
ͷ£ץסˮǰ𪽿۵Сֿʼ̽
ʱתͷˮĪޣüʵˮ⵽ô£
٣ȥ˵ɣˮĪһΪˮϵ飬
ã
ͷܿһ˱Ժ£ŵܵΧˣ֮⣬˵Ŀ϶ȫˮĪϡ
ˮ˵ɣʵ
֮ǰ
ˮĪһɫΪӵĻԵǰѪµ˺ȻҪˮҹ鸽ǣȻϴʾܾûȴֱӶˣˮ򶼲⡭
֮ʱˮһһģֵѪ֮һһĹƣҲصԣܹǿԱǸʱһûȥ˼ˮ򣡡
ȴѪµĽҲҪ£ҺȥˮǱߣҪˮеѪ֮˸ϳȥ
û룬ǾȻѪ¹ǳȥı
˵ˮĪкâ˸˶ʱˮѾݻ˺ܶ࣬ϵľҲɱ˲٣Һ㵱˼սţǿֵסЩơ
Ϊ˱İȫΪܹǼʱĳУһµֵǴˮľǼٺˣ
ôʱ䣬Ѫ֮ȴǺȻ߳һµˣʵʮǿʽޱȹ죡һֱ·磬ұ뽫Ǵٹȥû뵽ȴһ
һˮĪ˵üëһʲôһ
һȥʱѪ֮Ѿˣȴǵڵֻʣһµ˺ۣ
ˮĪ޼ҵʱĵĺܣæŻصУҪ˻ָʱȴǺȻ˵Ҫһķ˯Ϊľܹάһ˿𣡡
ҲҪΪˣֻҹΪһӣȻһɾ·
ʱ䣬Ҳڵ񻯣Ȼûô⣬ȻΪ΢ʼնһֱάһˮƽϣȷ֮ҲŷһЩʼ˼ôȥֿѪ£ϾѪǲ׷Źˮҵģ
һĻ˵ˮĪ޵ĻгϣŨŨΡ
ղ˵µˣ
оâһʵû˵Լʲôݣ
ûУ
ˮĪҡҡͷصҿȻ򵥣Ѫ֮еĵλǲף
ǲ
˼Ƭ̧̣һӣѪɽ·֮һӰ˳νޱµ̬ı˳·һˡ

ˮĪ͵վ첻ѣ٣Īˣʲôݣ
Ȼ
ֽۣµӰɢȴδشˮĪ޵⣬˶ٺʵˮղ˵пٴ
ǵģ
ˮĪ޵ͷ˵ˣҲˮҹ鸽ĻͲŹң
ˣҵҪһЩʲô
ףϵϢҲñ
ʱ˿̣ΧϵɱҲŨ˲١
ʱǱڷΪˮ飬ȴҲǻ˳û˵ʲôˮĪޱǰʵʲô
ˮģ
ˮ㲢ûΣգϢάֵúȶֻǡ
ˣȴֺһ٣ЦֻǣӦʹĳطط²Ϊƣ˶һֱά״̬
飬ô˵ˮһֱôȥü
ţ
鲻ϣȴҲòͷ
һʱ䣬Ҳ׷׳Ĭ
ӵˮʲô
飬û취𣿡߹Сʵ
⡭
ü˵Ŀ⼸ȫϣһʱԺ䶼Ĭ˺֮⣬þû
ˣ
˺üӣ۾һŤͷˮĪʵˮˮĹӦˮͬɣ֪ʦʲôˣɷλǰ

ĻˮĪ޶ʱһ͡
飬˼˵ˮʦܹطӶˮ㣿ʵ
ţ
ͷ˵ˮʹõطҴδӦּΪشģԣҲֻˮʦԳ֣ܳɹȻҲûˣ
ңʵǲ֪Щ
ˮĪ޿Цûк˵ʦʲô˶֪
⡭
ոϣ֮ȴǱˮĪ⻰ֱӸ齽
ˮĪεɫҲһ̾ԣκΰ취롣
ȥϵˮʦ
ԥһʲôƵģȻ˵
ţ
˴˻ҵĿⶼˢˢĳȥˮĪ޸Ǽֱ֣٣Ī㣬֪ʦ˭
֪ǣûϵ
ͷ漴ȴֿЦѵҡԴ
ûϵҪȥϵ
ⲻڿЦô
ˮĪ޵ְܿ˺ܶ
Ҳû˵ʲôߵһó˴ϵĲǱˣ쫷󽫣ĪɽĪүӡ
ˮʦǸصˡ
˵Ψһܹϵ̵ģҲֻĪүˡ
ӺڴҹעͽŵĿУεҲֻܵˣ
飬ȷˮڵ״ʲô⣿˶ٺ쳯ʵ
ţԲᣡ
֣صĵͷӦطٿԱ֤ˮ֮ڲκϢֻǣʱٳһЩҾͲȷˣ
ˣ
ȭһ£Ҫ˵ʲô֮ʣܻȻݺݲ˺ü£ͬʱˮĪ޵ɫҲ˲䣬ã
ˮ߰ɣ
۾кâһû´Ļ´ˣ
١
ˮĪЩ㵣ȴǰڰֵˣض˵ǹ򣬾ҪǷܹߵѪ⣡
·ǴмһޱȵŭﶼüΪɭϸˮĪ޷ֻܾܵͷǰ·
ϧȽ÷æǣ
ϧȽŮ˵һֻ䣬ŴŮԼܹ˸ˮĪ޳ȥ


1701 £Ű
Īޡ
棬Ҳ֮ǰǽλøһֱûˮҹȴɫصĴ˹
̣
켱æǰˮҹɲԴˮĪǰ㡣
ûˮҹİæҲǲܼˮġ
Ȼˮҹ̣Ҳû취ǸȡΣʼնĳҲκεٶ
ò
ˮҹЦЦһļˣǳˮĪ޵ĪޣЩѪ֮˿϶ѾҵڣҪǿдͨռͨ
֪ˣ
ˮĪҲɫصĵͷҲûʲôõİ취ֻ
ˮ
ûˮĪ˵ֱ꣬ӽһ
ˮĪһ٣ʵкηԸ
ԸҵҾȥҲǰ취Ǹ¿ɲ򵥣һֱҲ˹ʱ͸Ӧˣ˵
ʲô˵еĺð취𣿡ˮĪ޼ʵ
ͨˮҼ˵ݳȥǼȺУǸҪʲô˵
ͨ
⻰ˮĪ޺ˮҹΧˮ֮˾ɫ䡣
֮ǰľǶµѪ֮˼Ŀ־壬ǿʵͲӦԵġ
ˮĪԳ֣¾֡

Χ˾Ŀ£˵һζĶܣǸ޷ʲôЧѲɣǻΪʱڣǾͻ˶Կʵ
⡭
ˮĪԾЩɣʱˮҹȴǵĪޣģ
ã
Ǹܵˮҹ־ģˮĪһۣصͷ
ȴҲδ̴ͨǳԼΧľۼԽԽˮ֮ȥλ֮кܶ඼ˮľʵҲ˵ˮ֮ˣΣҾѪƴˣѪƴף
ǡҪ˳ĻˮĪ޾Բǣ
ȻˮĪ޵Ļ˵󣬹ȥ˺һȴûһ˵Ҫ˳ÿһ˵϶¶ޱȼᶨϧһе顭
µȴ
ţԪϵվһҳȥ
ˮĪ˵Ҫ֮ʣȴɫһȵ
ǣ
ŴӦŵȻԪϵıȺ˵࣬Ҳһٶ󲿷ֶԪ£ǵԪ۷壬ô㣬ȴҲֻε˺
ףĵ˹ؼʱԼһģҲҪֵģ

ˮɽҲˮص⡭
һռӿռ֮ͨˮĪ޺ˮҹ񲢼ǰٶԪ֮ˣ죬飬ѣټϿˣȴǻЩȺУϢԵüΪܱͨ֡
棬ԼܣȴٸѪ֮˷ɢΪ׵ĺȻѪϷ֮һ¡
ˮˮϣҪͱӲ𣿡Ƴһˮˣ
ˮҾûث֣
ˮĪһҪҴǹ鸽Ѫ£ǳ˵Σ
ˮ㻹ûװ
ƺʧҡҡͷͺ͹ˣֻҪӦѪ£ⶫ֮λþģĪǾã⻹𣿡
֮
⻰ˮĪ޵Цһ£浱Сǰƭⶫ֮λôģΪһһôҰģҸ㣬ܣ
ѡһ·ȻˣǾ͹ֲˣ
˫жȻһϵҲǷӿգۼܿռѹһԵĳǰЩˮ֮˷ѹƶȥ
ǿ
ϴˮȥ£ˮĪ޵ĸ̡ܻ
ֲֿѹУڳˮ֮˶׷ɫ䣬ʱµľٶܵѪ֮ȴС˰ΧȦһɱƣҪˮٶȫɱ˼
ˮٸһλᣡ
ˮɫı飬ɱȻŲѵĵٲ֪ϧô챾ˮѪɺˮһ˵ȫһ
˵ҡ
ˮĪҧ¿ֲƵѹУûκ֮⡣
Ȼû˵꣬һͿ񽣻
Ȼ󣬵ȴƺԻѹȣˮ֮˷׷׻˲١
ôĿ
ˮĪߣֱ£ЦҵҪ˶ļһﵽνˮɱһ
죬㣡ô
죬¶Ȼɫ䣬˲ɢ٣и˿˿⡣
û뵽ǵǣ޿ռУһ˶Σǵıɽ¼ʱ֣ѾΣˡ
ղ˵ʲôҪˮѪɺ
Ͷ䣬ǳĵеӣٸظһ飿
죬㲻Ҫ̫ˣΪ𣿡
ܲסֳʶ˿ԵüΪŭ
죬ɱ㣡
кȻһˮɫĳƷӿУʱǰǱޱɭɱֱӳĸȥ
񽣣չ˺ǣ
ɫ䣬˵һһĹ˲ڿնǧýҲǱ˳
£ɸһսڸ߿գ
кβң
ӦһֽǷҡϣǽٶ˼£ܿǸ߿мս
ء
䡭
ּս֮ڶ仹Щɢ׹ĲܵĿռ䶼ס·ʱ֧Ųסıһ
ʱ˫ǾȻûκξٶЩѪ֮˺ƶסһţ쾹к˼սʵ
̶̼Ӻֻáءһ죬±ǲҽһߵķһ㵹ɶ
ⲻܣôܡ
У𾪵ڳκһ˶
ôôǿ
Цɽ³֣ƾǼ˶ǵļһܹڣ
Ҫɱ㣡
סκ½һٴγ˹ȥ

챾Ϊˮޱŭ
ҲԶҲûһء
ȻͬΪصʵȻռ˾ԵϷ硣
ʱǷĳУԼ첻ѹŴȻܹʱ֣ʵȴһֱŰľ棬ﲻŭȴƫƫû취
·һе˸𺳲ѣˮĪ޸ɴ˫ۣôҲ⼸ȥ˴


1702 Ӷݣһ
ֻˮĪޣˮҹҲˣˮ֮˸һĿɿڴ
оһ֮ǰһµʥء
ʱ˸Ǻ²ѣҺˮĪλʱʱ֣ټ飬ƾŰµΣѾĲˡ
һʱ䣬ԭЩԹߵȴǷ޾м
үүٺ١
ȴЦѣִģȴǻΧĽ
ȺеŮͬҲĿޱԺ
ǻʲôˮң
ϿкȻƮŭɶʱ䣬Χ˱ǽĿˮҰٶϣһɱʮ㡣
ã
ˮĪ޼״ʱɫ䣬æȵСģ
ɱɱǣ
ʼˣ
һѪ֮˴ΧϹ˲·һƬңˮĪ޺ˮҹܵԴʮΧǽǸûһȥԼߵˡ
񽣣
ͻأģһŮȻ˵顣
֪
Ӧһ£ȭԼΧĵ˺󣬱Ǻԥĳ˱ؽ
ţϽȻʢܱ볯ȥѪ֮˷׷׽Ųһ٣漴׶ߵٴμգۼѾѪ񻯳ɹ
׶ͬһ㣬ɢҫ۶ĿĽ⣬սٷޱȿ񱩵Ϣ
ɱɱ
Ӱŭ
һؽûһѪµһ֮С
ء
ৡ
ؽңϵµնţ֮ˣʱͱһ룬ѪӶֻڲһӵʱ䣬߰˸Ѫ֮˲Уȫʬ
ս񣬶ɱһʵʵڵɱ
⡭
ǲʶ񽣣񽣵ĳ֣ˮĪ޺ˮҹǵһΡ
ַѪɱ¾ȴԼˮ֮˶סˣȻܵǣһսԽ߰ԭʱΪѹƵĹڴ˿˾޴ķá
˵˶ٱˣһɱ˻ộ
Цãûĳ񽣵һۣҲһ󣬱Ƿչɱ¾ͬģѣԼŮҲǸΪսΧ·಻Ѫ֮ˣȴ˿κΰƣ
Ȼǵĳ־ĺûпɵ־޴䶯ȻˣһһѪ֮˵Ů£˵ȴҲͿ񽣲˶١
϶ԣˮ֮Ҫ١
ӣûǵĵ¾һѪµĹƣˮٲ֮ˣ
ҹ񡭡
ˮĪɱǰ˺ȴɫŹֵ˵ĹϵһЩ֮ǣ
ţ
ˮҹһ£ʵʲô˼
ûû˼
ˮĪ֣ŮԼǱ߿˿Цôãߵ˶һľ

⻰ˮҹҲǲЦһ£ҡͷˣĪޣҲˣ˺˱Ҫ˵ģ
Һ֮ĹϵˮҾҪˣ
ˮĪ̾һҲٶ˵֮ǷѪֱ֮Ӻɳȥ̼ܵһıǿʵٵúüѪ֮˳˹»Ұ
ˮҹһǱߵɱ¾ԳЦЦźˮĪһͬչɱ¾֮;

߿ϣ±ýܣ׵Ҳκš
Ȼڲ϶ŭţʵȴȻһĨĿ־塣
ΪʶķԼܹϳжôĲף˵һҪѭķԸ֮⣬˵ڶҪıԼˣ
ȻǱΣգΪҪǰ棡
һ⣬κʱΣѡĶǱסԼ
һΣҲͬ⣡
죬ȴڸնֵʱѾȫʵڸֹƽʹõͬʱʱó׼
Ϊɽµķ֮һܹĳһôڽǶԸѪҲԼһЩѹϾҲʵľԸ֣
֮ӦãڶԸµʱռ˲ٵơ
Щʶ֮Ȼȥಢκ𣬵֮˵֮ĲǷ޷ʹ
ҲǶԸǵѰ취
ʹý֮Ĺ֮󣬲ſռô޴ƣ

һ߿ٶһȴڲϵŭš
Ȼ֮֮ռ֮ӵޣ޴ڣ¸޿ɶ㣬ʱ˿̣һֽµʵ˼ΪľԼܹõģӾƿ֮
˵Ҳһľ޴
ء
ԽԽŭټ·ŮͿ˵ǿɱ¾ŭ졭
һȴҲңǿƵĹУڽĲһʱУϰٴεȭߣΪ̺֮Եʣ𵽵Чǰ
죬һŹģ
Ȼ䣬һϮμٷˣ֪ʲôӾȻɫâڿƮɢ
ã
״ʱɫ˲䣬ԥĽʩչȴǲһ
£Ȼˣ
⡭
ֹӶֶΣֱʤ
ˣ
찵һĿȴǳ·ԾɳսȺȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ЩѪ֮ƺҲӵµķԸһĽˮɽȥ֮ǰΣ˿ЩȴԵñ߲ѡ
ˣѵһǶܵɣ
кâһȻδӸ߿мٶ£ͬʱǴȵֿһ
ã
򵥵İ˸֮󣬱飬ѣԼȻ˲ƳܣЩѪ֮ܵķȫ
ˮ̣ɱǣ
֮󣬵ȱֳǧýеȫʵͬйһ׷ɱЩѪ֮ˡ
ãʹ죡
ˮĪЦɱ
ɱ
ԭ⼸ʱܵ裬һ̣ˮ֮ȫ
һһȻһȫЩΪӶݶĴѪǲҽ
ɱ¾һжƱѪ͸ֲȱʬһ㣬˴Ⱦͬɭ޵μֱҵ˼㡣
˵ɱ¾˽һʱЩѪ֮˵ĵֿнȫɱ˵һ
˷Ѫˮһͷӵ£һμ֮ʱؽľڣ


1703 ˣƵ쳣
ڣһÿ˵϶¶쳣˷ܵɫˮĪλˮҼǺΣЦĿҪƵġ
ܹѪ֮ˣٺλæлˣ
ˮĪ޳һ񣬼Ϊм
ˮؿ
ǺһЦڰֺȴɫȻĵֻһʼѣѪµˣһ򲻴ĿĲݣûн
ֺγ֪أ
ˮĪϵĿҲɢ˲٣յĵѪŰؼҺǿ󣿲һ³
ţѪ֣֮ˮȻų۷µĵһ壬Ҳ໥ľ޴࣡
ˮĪε̾˵ʵڵģֻˮܹúõشȥѣǡ
ˣˮĪҲûжԣϵְɫԶ
ˮ٣Ҳûе޿ȵĵز
ЦЦѪȻǿ󣬿ȴҲ޵Уӽ֮±ɿһֻҪ֮ҲŲ˶õģ
ĪѾȫİ취ˮĪ۾һʵ
ղ˵ȷֻˮҵĴвϣȴҲû
ѪµŰȷҲôҼΪǣΨһ򶼻䣬ĻǴָԴ
£˭ܿ϶˵ȫ취أ
ˮĪ޺ˮҹЩڴĿУȴһЦֻ˵Ǿ֪ɣ

⻰һʱֶǳĬ˲١
ʱȻŤͷȥųҲǺе֮ȥ
ͻأľٶڳΪ죬ɵ΢΢һͳƵ׷ʲô
ĪѪ֮ˣѾˮУ
˴ˮĪ޺ˮҹ񲻽һۣҪ׼ʲôʱȴǺվ
һٶôһ
漴ǻſڣȴǶȻɫâһɫȹֶ
ʲô
ˮĪ޵ɫ䡣Ҫ֪ˮؿƿ֮УأľһžԵƿ
Ȼ˿ûв½룬ֱǰֱˮĪ𺳲ѣͬʱҲ־衣
Ļû˵꣬ȴǼ쳯ӭȥЦ̣ˣ
ụ̂ˣ
ԭͨĪɽĪүϵˣȴûô죬Դʱ˵ʱҲȷ΢һ¡
жʱûˣķӦԽԽŶ
ӯӯһЦοĿһۣǼŮЦŵͷȴˮĪ޺ˮҹ񿴶ûһֱۣʵôˣȥ
Ŷã
ͷȴ˵̣Ҹһ£λˮҼˮҳϣ
ˮλˮʦ쳯ˮĪ޵
ʦǰ
ĽܣˮĪ޶ʱĵǰҪȾ
˵䣬ˮĪ޺ˮҹǳ˹һ̬ȼΪ
ˣϻˣȥɵѾͷ˻˻֣
ǣǰ
ˮĪ޲ҳɣæͷǰ·ܿһ˵ȱȥˮڵǸԺ䷿䡣
ŴɻԲѣֻһ˿ϢˮҵɫԵüΪ
ǰ
ˮĪ޸Ҫ˵ȴǰֵȳȥ
⡭ǣǣ
ˮĪƽݣȴҲΥ
ˣ͡ƶ£
ôҪ߳ȥʱ˵ֺȻ
Һƶ
Ҳһ£ȴҲûж˵뿪ͳƱѾվ
ʵ̣Ҫʲô
ϻ
ûĳһۣ漴ڨڨЦУûٶ˵ʲô˫ֿٵ˼־󣬱һɫâ˲ûˮڡ
ŵһ˲䣬첻סˡ
ΪղǸ򵥵ĶˮϢڲϵǲ԰׵ɫҲ¸ֳһĨΡ
ˣɵѾͷ˵˶ٱˣҪطǲ
һ֮ǰˮĪ֮ʱ䵭Щһ䡣

һæʵ̣ˣ
˰ѲɣΪжôӣ˵ͷӦ
ɣȻô򵥣Һƶ£ǳȥʲôⲻǡЦѡ
һ٣
ЦеĿ죬зһĨϷʣ漴˵˵𣿡
⻰һԶԡ
ðɣʲôֱ˵ɣˮĺˣЦӦһ£ʵ
ôҶţ
ЦЦ˵һ̷֣Ƶġ
ţţôܲأ
ͷ
ߣ
һ˾ֱߵһ£˶ȣҲվ˰ɣ
̬һ

ųҲûп˵
ƶǵ𣿡
ƣϴ޾ЦݣȴԿ롭Ǹ⣡
ûǸ⣡
ûǴĻӦԼ̺ƶĵһμŶ԰ɣ
ôǸôģ
ǵˣǼ𣿡
ҡҡͷصȻΪƽȴֹѹƵ΢΢
ر˽Ƶˣᷢһ㡣
㲻ǵҲԣϾ
һ̾û˵漴ĿЦƶڶѾʵԼ򣿡
ûУ
ɺƽҡͷص
ƺʱˣûʲô˵Ȥ
̡
Ҳ˵æ취ɣƶô޷أֵǣʵڶˣ
Ѱ˵һûα򣬶ֻͣһأ¾һ۷壬ֻҪһûֳԼ򣬱㲻ٴͻƣ
Ǻǡ
ĻȴЦҵЩ취ǲ֪ƶԸԸأ
ˣ
ȻȴվΪĵԼһԼͲ鷳ˣ
ƶ㡭
ʱЩɫ䣬æȥ
ҲЦһͣ漴ȴǸ֮ɫһţ춼û˿
磬ң
ҧҧĿ⼫Ϊᶨ
ƶ̰æһԡ
΢΢üųǼȴǲһ̾ҲգȻˣǾİɣƶ쵽ôˣôһƵģ
׼ȷ˵ʵ֮󣬳ƾͱˣֻ첢ûⷽȥѡ


1704 ˮѣҹ̸
̡
Ӻ󣬴ǱߴһȴǼˮԼ
ˮ㣬ô
켱æȥߣʵ
Ҳǽ
ܵܣƶôʲôҺܺð
ˮչһ֫ڴϣȴǶʮĿġ
ˮ㣬ɲ֪֪£żĸʲôһվߣǵ٩Ц
֪ܵԽˣ
ˮ򴽣漴ƼۣЦƶƺЩڳԽĴŶ
ûأ
ƲƲ죬΢졣
˿̵ղŻش֮ʱֱˡ

ʱҲ˹
лʦȣ
ˮæ񣬶ƵɫҲһ˲˲٣ղϸֳĺҲȫȻʧ
˺ˣɵʲôʦͽˣ
˰ڰ֣ˮڴãطȻѾָһЩҪúþڼǧٶ֣ȻΪʦҲû취پˣ𣿡
ллʦףˮԹԵͷӦ
ʵԲѵʱ䣬ֻвдһϢʵ϶һ֪ʱҲ֪жྪأ
Ȼˮ֮ĹϵҲô
ԴԼʦˮҲױҪʦͽ֮һԲܺӵģ
Ȼˣȥ˶ɣҲˣ
˵˵䣬ĿȴЩӵڳɨ˿˿ǸΡ
ʦ̣Ҫߣ
˵Ļˮͬĵ
ǰ
ͷЦѾûˣҲ߻ʲôѲɣΪҺ𣿡
æҲæյʱ䶼ûаɣЦǺǵĵ̣ϢߣҲӰʲôİɣ
ǰʦ
ˮҲһкܶأͶհɣҲܹúõؾТ
⡭
ЩɣջǻףҲգͶһգұ뿪
⻰ˮЦˣȴҲЩϧܹգǲǸ
ܿ죬Ҳ׷׽ˣˮѣǾ˷ܲѣ˵ֶΣҲѣˮĪ޺ˮҹΪмͲûֱӶĤˡ
Σˮ˵ν˫ϲţ
һǵİǿ£˴˴Ѫµı֮⣬Ѫ֮˾
ԲѵˮȫѣֻҪúþָܹ
ϣΪףϲ£ͬʱҲΪ˻ӭ˵ݰ٣ˮˮĪ޵һԸ£ȫԱתֳһֿ񻶵̬
֮⣬ֵһ˵ı֮ǰ˵ı֣ȴӮˮһ˵ȵޱ𾴣ò˶˾Եż񣬻ֵ쳹һֱ죬ŸԻطϢ

ҳ£
ҹһƬžʱ򣬳ȴˮڵĳСУԵģҲ̣ˮʦˡ
ֻǣʻʱ򣬳Ƶʮ䣬֮֮ʱҪ伸֡
ʵǵңԲԣ
ߵǰĶ˫ʵ
ǳƣŮˣȻҲǳҵĶС㣡Ƶػص
С
ڣƵȴЩ˸С˭Ҳ֪˵ˣҽгƣ
ðɣƶ
˿Цһ£֮飬ҲӦҪԵģҲûǸʸ
˵ʲôף
ҡҡͷûµĻ뿪ˣ
˵ţתҪȥ
Сƶȵȡ
˼æе
ƽŲһ٣ͷûлأ¶Īǣ뿪磿Ϊ𣿳ɱң
ǵģˣ
˿Цһ£ʵ׵ĺӣ԰ɣ
ʲô
⻰͵תƽ˫жȻâҸ㣡ҪǸҶһëҾƴҲԻɢӦףҪǷ˭Ҳˣ
ƶˣʵҲᰡ
˿Цѣȴһ᣿һˣ
ǣᡭߣҸ㣬ΪôúŪ

Ĳ֪ȥͣ˿̳ôŭΡ
ˣ㲻ض˵ˣ
ưڰ֣ȥЩˣҳⱲҲֿˣҪ붯ֵĻ;ɣġҲԲ飡ǡ
ˣٴһ䣬ض˵˫ҧƣͬھ
ƶ⡭
˲һ
ܹоеļᶨǾ䡮ƣͬھԲ˵˵ô򵥡
ˣҲϻˣס˵ģ
ưڰ֣һֵĳ֣ѾԶˡ
⣬⡭
ųԶȥıӰεҡҡͷ̾ѡ
ãʧС»ָƽûһ㣬һжôľס

ƶ㣬ôȥĶѽ
ƻصʱ򣬽ҹͬݵ飬ȴʵ
ûأȥߣЩ˯Ŷѣ
΢΢һЦ뷽żֱˣȥȹ˴ϡ
ҾϺЩԾأ
鷭һɻĵǲʲô°˵úܶŶ
ʲô£
ЦЦˣʱ䲻ˣ˯˰ɣ˵ʲôأ
ѽѽ
һ˲ֱ굽˳ƵıóƿЦã˵飬ʲôˣǾȥ£ҲϷ޵ˣҲ±Ц
˭ˣߺߣ˵˼§Ѷأ
ƲƲ죬óòһЦ
ιƶ㣬ɱתƻ⣡
鼱æ˵˵ɣ㵽ô£ɱ˵û£أ
û°
գգۣҡͷص
ǰɣ
Ʋ죬֪뵽ʲôЩĵ˼˵еŮϲصģƶ˵òǡ
Ѿͷ˵ʲôأ
⻰ƶʱΪգۼǽϵץסɱ˵Ҫǻˣǻ᲻֪
ûУ
ûУ
ðɡ
ЩʧҡҡͷҲˣЩǴҶ˵ģߺߣ˯ȥ
£ͬʹ˲ƻصĴϣȴǺȻƽ˫ͨԶĴɫգþδܳߡ


1705 ط
ĳɽУһռӿӣܿһռͨƾճ֣漴һһŮŮͬ˲һǿռͨ˳ֺ󣬱ǺܿʧˣЩռҲɢ
磬ͻˣ
ŮӵֱۣǾʵ
Űˣ
ӵͷǲѵŮӶͷǣǰ
ǡȥĶأǻأȥҶʦֺɩǣŮʵ
ȻذɣϾҲǵļң
ţã
ŮӺԥĵͷЦţŵĻжˡ
һһŮշѡһ󣬱ֵķɳɽԶٶȥ
ؼ⣬ʱȴǺȻüͷһ壬ŮӴӿзڵأɫΪصɨΧ
磬ôˣʲô𣿡ŮҲ˿ܣȴûκ쳣ɵʵ
ţܲԣ
ӵͷѪ֮˵ϢҿѾռˣ
ʲô
⻰ŮӶʱɫ䣬ôܣѵѪµ˿ʼԶˣ
Ҳ֪Ӧò࣡ˮɽʱ䣬Ѿ˺ܶ仯
ǡô죿
뿪˵
ҲٶͣǺܿش뿪ˡ
뿪ãѪɫӰȻ֣һΧ⼸˶һۣһóһ˵һǼǳǸղ뿪ķ׷˹ȥ
ˣǴӻԪ½ˮɽط뻨Сڡ
طѾȫתʵҲٵʥ۷壬ȻҲΪطؼҴľĵĴ󲿷ԭ
ڻյʵĪˮͼõ˵ͬʱĽ̵УȴҲ˴ȵͻơʱѾʥȻֻʥһأȴҲΪˡ
ڻԪ½ϣҲܹһһĸ֣
УʥҲܲû˻ԸȥԵ޹ʵһʥ֮ˣ
ֻΪһֱˮɽԵʣʱ䷢һв˽⣬֪ѾѪµĵ̣ؼڵĶͬҲڱѪʴС
ؼأٲȻѾΪѪڶߵĴӪ
֪ǣ֮ǰóȻĻȥ˿ٵľٶѾѪ֮˵ע⡣
ڰУط΢˼һ˵գȥǱߣȥǼһ˵
ģҶûһЦЩ򳪸֮⡣
㰡
طЦЦסյϸǳڵķ˲ƶȥ
ȻǼԳ׼Ϣһʱ򣬺ȻܿռѹȻǿط뻨ɫ˲ʱһ䣬ԥıǳ·ȥ
˼ڵϣɫɨܡ
ৡ
ţʮѪɫӰ˷˸ֻգۼĹ򣬱ѾطͻհΧм䡣
Ѫ£
طһ䣬ɫΪѿ
Щ˵ʵ͵ĶԪڣлкЩʥһʥصʵ
硭
ȻطȻУȴ۾Ź⣬Щ˷ܡ
Դͻʥһ֮󣬻û˽֡
ʱ˿̣ЩѪ֮˵İΧ£·𽫻еֱӳ׼ط˺ǿЦá
գ⣡
طüЩ˲򵥣
ţ
Ҳ֪ȥûУǵ˵Դ˫ɢսȴԽ߰
ϷԸ׽еģϣ
֪˭һЩѪ֮˱̳طͻճ˹ȥ
һ˿û֮⣬ʥأԪڣȫʩΪֻɲǼĹ򣬱ط뻨˼ѵļսС
գԼģ
طۣһ󣬱ɫâʢһɫϽâƶɿĳΧȺеʥأԼʮʥ֮ϯȥ
Ϊ˻յİȫҪô
Ȼ죬ؽ룡
طҲҪڻǰ桭
Сӣ
طдȴԽΧǵķŭ
ϷԸҪ׽ط磬Щһ֮£طֲ˶ñֱɡ
硭
ռˣڽһȴǳǱɫųͬһĲͬɫͲѵĳʣ֮Ϯȥ
ط˼Ȼ
Ϊط磬ҲҪ콫ЩԪʮ˾նɱܹȥط硣
ȻڳȥҲֻΪ׸
һ㣬պף
ϡ
ء
պ֣ʥһصʵɣټʦõ͵ɫ񽣵ķûЩԪ֮ˮûһܹļ֮С
ʱĻգŮһ㣬ȻĽ£ȴԵƮݳ
϶ԣطȴǼΪΣա
űӰľģʥصʵʮʥ֮˵ΧˣȴҲЩ׽⣡
üΣԳûնɱһÿζᱻʥ֮˸ƻط⧲£϶˺üѪڡ
ӹȥطѾֻڱķÿÿҪᱻѹûа취ԡ
ǲΣƾЩҪ׽ط磬ʱҲǾԲܵġ
ΪؼҴıӰľģȴľһĹܣԼʱڰطָĵԪһȴҲ֣֤ΪԪľܡ
ɼˣطҲĲܼ̫ʱ䣡
Щ˿
Ȼ䣬һԶԶЩѪ֮˼ٳȥֻ±ɱʮԪ֮ˡ
طǱߣȴǲһʬ£ΨطԼڴڵĴŴԵüΪƣ
磬ô
ռæط磬ʵ
û£
طҡҡͷæͳŵҩҩЧķӣɫҲתһЩ
ȻʱȴǼһɫ·˼ٶֱĳطͻǰ
֮ǰˮض룬ѪϷ֮һ¡
μϣʣµʮѪ֮ͬʱȥ
ţ
µͷӱĳطȥط磬ӰľģǶһ
ȻĻ
˵䣬µĿڻɨаЦҲԸ⿴ôһεε˶ɣ
Ѫϣ
طûлش𣬷˫΢е£ʵ
Ǳµͷ
ؼȫ壿Ϊ˱ӰľģطʵȴԽɭ
ٴεͷЦʼԼʶô˵ӰľУôᱻ¾ɾ԰ط磬ҪʶȤһ㣬ȻɲԸ⿴ģ
һʱ䣬ȻЦɱȴӿܵ¶ȶ˲½˱㣬ĵֱֱ


1706 ǧһ֮
ֱܵɱӣղףȴҲղսʮ˵ĴͷѾ˿˿亹
Ͼ¿صʵ¾վǶû֣ɢɱȴԸֻʥһʵĻУȥһĿֲѹܹڣɱֳӣѾǼΪˡ
ط磬׵ַܵ·һɭɫҲѿ˼㣬鲻ԽĶЩ
ȻⲢǶµľ£ֻһʵ̫ɵӰˡ
ôǻ𣿡
ˣɱԽԽŨط簡ط磬ɲЩɱ㣬ͬԴڽľóǲţ
֮ǰ˵Ҫ׽ط磬ȷû뵽»Թ
ڣ˵ط类ɱҲȷа취ǿнӰľߣһط˿ỳɣ
ҡµʵȻֱڶûԳ֣ΧֽϢһɱطҲԼԲĶ֣˵һˣ¾ʮһҲ֣
ҪӰľĽȥط־Բô
Ҫģǻգ
ط粻Ѫ֮˵Ʒԡ
˱ӰľģѵǰѪϾĻŹŹգ
Բܣ
ԣڰǰľֻһ·
Ǿǡս
ս
Żһ
ķΧѾԶ
㲻ҪҵıӰľб£Լã
طĻһ䣬͵סյС֣ԥı棬Ҳķٷȥ
ܣ
һǲм
ƾʵҲӱǰܣ
δ䣬µαԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾֱĵطǰֱӿ׵ľ룬֮˲Ҫϼ֡
գһ㿴׼ʱߣ
طյ˵һ䣬˫кâһζȻһ⣬ǳų¹ȥ
СӣԼ
ϸֳһĨҲûʲôĶôһӣһǿֱϮգ۾طĹƺݺײһ𡭡
䣡
ըһ죬гȻѣھϮУطҲƺһѪĵɶܿһůĻ磬û°ɣ
գôߣ߰
طɫ䣬ɻȴ΢΢һЦȥĶѵˣܹ
գ㡭
ط˵жǼٵġ
ûٶ˵ʲôȻȴǰһ¡
º˹½Ƕûһ塣
ø˵Ļ棡ϧˡ
ҡҡͷȴϧôҲҪһˣ˵ȪҲӦһʮɣ
Һƴˣ
ط罫ǱϽһӣŭУٴγ³˹ȥ
ֻʥʵ½˵ûκεĻ֮
أ
ۿطĹȴһŤȻӳطԸٶٴεɶһ³Ѫǰȴγһ޵Ѫ硭
磡
һҲǼˣɫ񽣶Ȼ˽һһӿΪ񱩵ƣϮȥ
գģ
ط׹أȴǼæ
ģ
ˣȴǲ¶һĨмĻߡ
ǼٳԼϮĻգ΢΢𣬶ٵǰ˼¡
ʱ䣬ֲܿӿǻջû֮ǰȫܵ˷ɫ԰ףϢ֮Уŭѡ
ţһߡ
һɾȻϮո޷ܣֱӻУ˴Ӱкݺ׹ڵأõһ𵴣٣˲ٵѪڣֱǱ˼㡣
ͬһС
˵һжǣ
ʥصط磬ʥһصĻգ˵أ˻ܹǿƶһ֮⣬Ǹûκζ֮ɱԽŨɭϵɫ԰ֽһ˿һѪɫ
£ȴ½Ǻ󣬻ȥ
գǽҪһˣ
ΪбӰľĵԵʣطȻ˽֮أָȴ˲١
ûһۣŻգǸ⡣
Դһ֮󣬻վʹûܹƽӣΣȫǶڻյΡ
硭
ЦҡҡͷܹһѾⱲҸˣͬͬѨղڣ
Ǻãǡ
طһЦӵڻУ˻վѾ߹£ɫ֮κʱҪƽ
ǾҲԲù
طͻսһȻ˾
֮ǰǻѡԱɱ£ҲҪˣ
ô𣿡
Ц˵Ļھ·ȥһԧɣ
£̧֣ɲǼԭƽһЩٴӿǿ˲ǽطͻںԽѵͬʱһָͷѡ
ա
硭
촽ˣȴϬƵĽһֻǲܿö
ԱѾʼ׼ˣ
ʱܵѹԽԽǿ·ҪֱӼѹĩһΪѣ˿ûһۣгľ֮⣬ȴֻʣһƴļᶨ
ף
ȻʱطȻ˫ͫһ̸˻һ԰ûЩ㵣ǺʱͣԪת
ô£
ͬʱȴҲЩ㵣Ϊоط뻨Χռ֮ɶԼҪƣָƲס
ŴŴš
һطӣɫĹâͻϵۿɼٶȼٻָ侹Ѿָ
⡭
ɫ΢䣬㲻׵ô¡
ΪԷһкâ˸飬Ψһ뷨Ǿ콫Сɱ
ɣ
³ˡ
һǿ·һ˲֮ʮ׵ľ룬ǿֲȭͷݺݳ˺˹ȥ
һ̣·ܹ˱ԴĲΣ
ȻҲȭͷٽһ˲䣬طͻоĴطɫâȻͬʵһ֣ɫâȻϮºݺݳһ𡭡

ҵУֻ²ŵһαǽ޷֮ĵɶղطľ֮ࡣ
ô£
һطͻն˲ס漴طȴע⵽ͷϿգһʵʰı̴֦ɵþӰľģ


1707 ʵϵ
Ӱľġ
ȶ֮Ҳ˫̰
Ȼи֣ǱӰľֳ״ȴ֮һֺ޹
û˻Ӱľĵʵԣ
ط֮ʵؼҴӰľ֮⣬ʵڲܻʲôܹ˵ԶܹôǿƵĻˡ
Ȼȴһ㣬ǾطͻƵļٻָҲǱӰľĵľ޴ˡ
磬⡭
ҲǿЩס
طһôˣҲ˵ӰľĵĴڣȴǵһΡ
Ҳ֪ô£
طЦҡҡͷ֪ڵµ棬ѵܹ˵ô
ĬĬףΪɵĲδʡ
ӰľģǱģ
ºȻһ̰Ŀ⣬ֱӳط˹
ȻʱĿȴɱطͻգǱӰľġ
ãˣ
طɫ˲䣬ԥŻճ󷽼ٷˣǱӰľȴͷϣλ˿ͷ·طûƶһ
ȻµٶȺ֮죿
ֻգۼ䣬ѾطϿա
ȥ
طһŭ𣬱ԪӿڸղŸӿֲĹơ
һȥ
¿ٵһ֣ǽطĹƳ׻⣬һֻǼΪѸݵĳǱӰľץ˹ȥ
ң
ط缱ˣϧڸղǾӿУٴθȥһڸ𵴣Ҫڶγ֣Ѿˡ
ۿµּץסӰľĵ˲䣬ط缫ΪţȻһĻȴڳ֮˶סˡ
ŴŴš
Ӱľ˼£ɫĹâȻֳһޣݺݵسµϣµֺܵĳֹĸʴһ㣬ڷ졮ŴŴšͬʱð̡

·һ˺ѷεĲҺμٷ˿ȥ
⡭
طͻȵĶ֪˵ʲôˡ
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ģô£
ۣ˸ղŽѵǲٴóȻ֣طͻҲһ˿ɵ
磬ߣסطĸ첲
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طͷɾһɲǼ䣬ǱӰľȴɫâٴδʢطȫ֣ΪǺطһԵʣԼ·Ҳһɫıɴ֮طԣɫȴҪ΢һЩ
ô£
ܿǾ˵ˡ
ΪɫâУܿռܵĳɿĳ˼ӿȥڲĹ򣬱㽫Ƶ޴ϼһ㣡
濴ȥЩŨ֮⣬ֻеɫâơ
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ԣǵơ
ܿ죬Ƕʮ׿ɫһݣ˫ͫôô죿
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˵ţе̰֮ɫ۾Щˡ
Ѫ֮Ѫ죬̰֮죡
ҵģҵģ
·ĺٴγǰȥ
һεȴǽصʵȫƸǼӿһ㳯طͻտѹȥ
ͬʱХһ˫ֳצĳھ޴ϼϵıӰľĺȻץȥ
״̬Уͬһ㿴ʵطͻգ´ʱľٶȴǺ޸о·ƲסԼ壬˵ȥʲôõĵֿˣ
Ȼһ˵ʵҲ޷ֹڽȫ¡
ŴŴš
½ӽ˹ӰľƺʲôǾ޴ϼΧɫâӿӶ·ܿռ䶼ĦƵģ졣
䣡
˫ۿžҪץסӰľĵɲǣȴǶȻһɾӿݺݵ³һ𣬱һĿֲ
أ
ɫ˲䣬μٷˣɫѿ˼㡣
ԭֻһĸоֳԼȻóģ
֮ǱӰľľԼ¸ˣǾ޴ϼеطͻգɶ淢һк֪飬Ǳʵסˡ
̶̲ʮʱ䣬طʥʥ۷壬ʱпٴͻơ
գȴǴʥһشﵽʥأȻҪطȴһЩѶȶԣطʥأ۷壬ȴʵʵڵҪȻո
Σ˵ν֡ʥأһһ졯˵ƺ𲻵κá
˿ӵķӶһذɣ
ڵ£ȴɫĿҪγˮ
Ͼֻһ޷ƿرɽһУ˵¾ɽҲһа취ܹȡ˿ƵıӰľġ
ģ
һƽһЩŭţҵҪǳ֮
ȫɢûбķԸκ˲׼
¶ΧЩѪ֮˷ԸģЩ˷׷Ӧŵæɢ˿ȥ
ʱһһĹȥתǰСʱҡ
ΧطͻΧϼԽϡˣҲµ˫ԽԽ̰֮ɫԽŨ
ڱӰľĵİ£طͻղ˿ٵƵļɿһȻΪ϶ñӰľĵ½ܶ࣡
ǰεţطͻǱ֮󣬱Ӱľıؽ뵽һΪ״̬ǸʱҲߵʱ
ۿ˵ƲټǾ޴ϼҲԽԽϡսȭͷ˫ʵʵľâȻʱ׼
ȻʱȻ˫ͫһ͵ŤͷԶȥ
һʮϤϢԶٶ
ܿ죬˫΢֮ʣһӰȻ֡
˲Ǳˣ죡
죡
ҧ·ǴмƵģµ˫гŷŭѪ죬޲ýʬΡ
Ӵǣּˣ
ƮµأһϼУʵط뻨պȴЦЦĿ£Ե°£ϴܵˣܹܵ𣿡
죬㲻Ҫ̫
ǳĻ¸Ϊŭҧгݵ˵
̫ҿĸ֣Ѫ֮ٺʲ˰ɣ
쵱Цô֣ӷнǱӰľߣڣֻ𣿡


1708 µķ񣬻
˿Ļгŵ٩֮⣬µĿҲǳŪ
죬㣬㡭
òУĻ˵Ƶġ
ŭָ죬˫Ҫ
ȴ˿⣬һЦĿתǲϼϣطͻʵ󣬲ɵ΢΢һЦοѡ
˵طʶཻʱһЩ
ǣ֮ͬʱֵܣοطѾԨүүⷽ˵طֳ
һ֮
ɨһɢΧЩѪ֮ˣĿӹ֮Ȼȴӿӿط뻨ʵЧʣǱ۷ƣǴ˿һͻơ
ܵӿҲǿ˲٣ɿıգʵҲٴεõ
ڣȥ˼Ӻ˴״̬ѹ
˿̵ˣ֮ǰ˾޴
ط磬ʥأ
գʥأ
죿
ʦ֣ôˣ
죬طͻվЩȣȴϲɫ
ټҾʮȹ̵ʵҲõˣʩչԱ
ǺǣȻ˵
ЦŰ˰֣漴Ŀϣ۾ŵĵȰˣ
ţ
Сͬʱͷ첢վһĳȥ
죬СһЩѪϣط
һֱˮɽϵСڣ˽ʱ䷢顣
Ǻǣһѣ
ЦЦӣչ˺գ
⡭Լģ
طԥһ£ᶨУǹϵŻյ˺һЩ
ʵ˽ȴҲǸȲϵġ
°£˵˵ɣƽʵ˵ͬʱǧýȴȻС
طͻ֮⣬ȴû˿챳ȴѾʼӡ
£ӡȴǱһСķΧ¾Ҳ̫⡣
ʱĻ·ŭ˫죬ĪΪ㲻ɣȻȷֻǱһصʵƾҪɱҵģҲûǸ°ɣ
ء
棬طͻղһ
ھͬʱȴҲЩҡ
쵽ˣȻǾô½ҲĻһ
Ǻǡ
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죡
ҧ¸Ϊŭ죬㲻øô˵ʱ䣡𣿡
ŶΪʲôأ
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Щâһֹ񺿵ƣܿռ䶼ڲϵز
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졭
ʦ֡
طͻɫ˲䣬æ
İɣûµģ
ŤͷЦЦ£ҪɱҰ
Һ޲ýʬΣ
ŭ죬ȥɣ
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֣
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ȻõĻԼЩɫһУǼɫ˲䣬µıѿ˼㡣
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ţֻһӣѾٽǰľŵɫâȴڿжʱֹסͬһĽɢͷûֹһ
˵ȥκ˺ˣ¾һëû
죡򣡡
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˫ĿݵͬʱȴһĨԵĿ־˸
ΪʶķȻƿؼΪǿʵܹĲԼ޷
һ㣬
һֱϴˮصʱ֮ôԼ룬Ϊо켴ʹ
ڣΪŭԵʣȴһ㣬ʼľƴһҲҪɱͬʱӦô״̬ıӰľߡ
״̬µıӰľĲܹɽȥƿأȥ
ϧڵѾûԪסû֮¾صʵ֮˵ڸӵΪ
˵ƿˣڶ˵ܹ֤Լ¶һʮּѵ飡
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ʩչɹϸֳһĨΪɵЦݡ
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ӣ⡭򣿡طѵʿˮʵ
ţҵģЦŵͷ
㰡Ĳ֪˵ʲôˣֱһطЦѡ
ǺǺǡ
ЦЦȴǺĵӣСʦã벻뱨𣿡
˵䣬һǰ£˼ˡ
뵹룬ǵʵ
طԥ
ҲǣȻʥغʥأɺȵȷҪһЩ
ͷ漴ɣȥһ
ԼСģطͷٶԣŻٴ΢˺
ĻԪУطҲõʲô̫Σգ
£˰ɣ
ŤͷȥĵҲʲôˣɽµķӦ֪ԣ
죬㲻Ҫң
ۣұƼˣŲš
Ųʲô
û˵꣬ϵģҵУĪ㻹ܷȥŵȸһĳ
£ֻһ̧֣ǰնȻٲһֱ۴С磬Ӷĳȥɫ䣬ɲܣЩ綼֮ͬһ㣬ĽУȻͲɢ


1709 ֮ȻĶ
žž
һ磬һ಻ĳϮȥƵģûһͣµ˼
ȻϾҲصʵΪǷԵʣǿҲҪ֮ͬȼǿϲ٣ȻʮǱļ͵ֵУȴҲδ̫ܵ˺
ɶ˵ȴһ޴ĳ裡
ΪɽµķһֱԳѪϣ˷Ǳȫ޷ܣֱŭ˼㡣
һŭĻϴ¿кȻȴôĺ塭
û취Ͼʮ粻ϵΧˣټ֮ܿиڲµ磬¾±ȫʵɢ٣Щȴ޼·𲻰Զͣһ㡭
ʱ£νǱ
Դδй˵ΣˮⱻѹŴʱҲûйĸܣϾǸʱܹԵķһ¡
أ
Щ練
ǻûȵʼȫϡ
ʱ㲻Ҳ¼Ƥ
Σͬ΢һЩط뻨տĿɿڴֱ𺳵˼㡣
磬ʦǿ𣿡
ռѿڣЩɬ·ǴӺǿмƵġ
ҲǵһμֶΣ
طʿˮš
ôܾ𣿡
Ϊ֮СڵĻʮǻߵǰЦԵ
СӣôôǿˣбǿҲָ˰ɣط΢һȴǻȭļϴһ£Ц
ٺ١ɣ
¶һĨӣӦ
طǰװģοط˵ıʵ۷̫ϳϣҲһĶ֣
ֻǡ
Ȼ䣬ϵɫʧ롣
뵽ͷϹԶĪɽĪүүصڣˣ⻹һֹֻһΣȴ̵ģһֱڿڽãͮꡭ
ؼǵãʱֵͮΣͮĻôˮõˮ顭
䣬һ뵽ܹͮ꣬оһԴѪϤϤ̣֮֮ϤҪĶ࣡
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ʦ֣ʦ֡
΢΢ʧʱ򣬶ϴ˻յתôˣգ
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طǺһЦҲֻǺѣ
Ρ
ûĵʲôʱôŤŤˣǰѾĿʲô˵ģôڱˣ
㰡ðɣ㣬ǡ
طЦãȻ˵ʲôʱȴǺɫһ䣬ӣȻ˵
ৡ
̳ǰȥԭڸղʧʱƺץЩĳֹɣչϵ˸ȴδֵֿһͽ֮֮ǰԵ˲١
Щ˺˵ǻĴҲǴ١
죬һҪ
³ô˻ᣬζȻ٣ͬһӼֻת˲Ĺ򣬱˽һҪǣɢƣҲ˲һ֮ࡣ
⡭
۾һУطͻҲٴ˺һЩΨԼӰ쵽ķӡ

һŭ𣬱¼ϮΧĹϮ˲룬ڵλüٶȥ
ٶȣ˲ƣ
ģ
Сں
ȻȴһЦ°£㻹СҵΪҵֻЩֶô
˵䣬ֻ̧֣ʹâ˲ʢĲȻһץ

ʹâ˲ϯǼٶ¶ȻһҺǴӰѸ׹䣬ݺݵڵϣ±һʹâƣ·Ƶһ㣬²ʹƶֹѵ졭
⡭
ǰһĻطͻٴεɴ۾
֮ɲܹ뵽ģ
ۣ棬һᱻˣҵУȴܣ
ӣա
˵䣬ȴǺĳǼסʥ֮עصܹʥڼĽӴ֮ԽԼ򣬻кܴ֮ǿ
ţˣͬʱͷ
֪ڳô˻ָԼȻκεĵ
죡죡
·˻ţ϶Ѫ̶ۣ̲ʱ䣬ЩʹâУһѪˡ
ط绹ãɻȴЩ¶̡
ϾһΪĺӣȻЩܻܵһЩӰ죬ıȴ˿δ䣬ô
طˣס΢ʾο
һЦ΢ĸ˽ط绳СȻû˵ǶڶԷĸ鶼һ̾ɡ
ǰǰ׿⣬ڲϷ֮ںʹâȴԵøӲãֲУȴŶ½һĽ˺¸޷¾þȫȴʼҲ޷Ĵѳȥ
ӺĿУЩʹâ΢һЩҲһ˿ϢĻᣬ˼ֱǱ˼㡣
ŵ
쳯ЦЦǸղŲ˵Ҫúõıڻˣ𣿡
Ҿˣ
ҡͷȻʥصʵϵȴԲ˫֮˵ȷѡ
ط΢㶣ȴһã
˵䣬ɿ˻գǰȥ
һߵò죬ȴʮּᶨ
Ϊɱˣֻﲻޡ
쵽ͻնѾµħ֣ǾղŵַȴҲԲصĶ֡
Ȼû뵽鷢ˡ
طȻߵǰ׼ֵʱ򣬱ڵıӰľٴֶռ䣬ŵʹâУȴһɫâ˲ǱӰľںһԭֻһ֦ıӰľľʼ
ͬһʱ䣬طҲɫâ˲뵽һֹž޲붨״̬
硭
ռˣɵһ
գȥ
켱æֽסЩŹֵĵûĻֿʼ״̬
ǣ⵽ô°ôȻأĪǷıӰľģջЩĵĵ
ɣ
ۣȴԵӷϣƺ뵽һֿܣȻȥ֮΢һԣ


1710 ̰Եѹ£
ʦ֣⻰ʲô˼
ĻղʵĴ󲿷עɷطϣһֱȵȷϲûΣգķ
ȴЦҡҡͷҲֻһִŵ뷨ѣ
ðɣ
ƲƲ죬Ҳûٶʲô
΢һ٣طͷϿգòѾһСıӰľģȴֽҧŴСֶյúܽԵüΪš
죬˿̵ıȴʮ֡
ΪطĺȻڻԵʣͨƿأȴŽ֮ո֪
ڣȴǸоԼڲϵذǱӰľͬʱȴҲط֮䣬γһֹѭҲطܹȻ״̬Ҫԭ
Ȼֶ򲢷طʵڣһ̵ֵɡ
طܹʵ֮;ȴҲԴȥı
˵ִ뷨ǹ۷Ĵ
ӰľĿˣôִǲҲأ
ľıˮ壬Լҵĳ׻龧ԼʸĽ
ȻҵĴǺа񣬶һ֣ȴûйطڵγ֣
Ȼ˴ȴ͵ҡͷУ
Ϊкаĳ֣ܹΪٵ𾪵ļʱУܹΪ˳ƿ֮
ҲĻô󴫳һЩ䲻ı仯ã
ԽԽֿܣнЩȲˡ
ʦ֣쿴ô£
Ȼ䣬żĳ˼
عҲǼæǰȥеһҲȷ𾪵Ŵ͡
ǰطͷϿյıӰľģǻʧˣͬʵһֻ֣ܼһŵ͡ͷ·ǱԵƵġ
ʦ֣᲻ʲôΣհֽʵ
ģҿ
찲οһ䣬ͨƿز̽ڻȴǽŵٴսȭͷǵĻطʲôӰ죬ͳȥˡ
ӺɫŹֵĵգİɣû£Ӧǳƿ˱ӰľģǿģͱӰľΪһΣ
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һҡͷ֡
Ǻǣ˺ˣֻǺ㿪Цѣ
ЦЦûղһϵ٩ɫֲ΢һڣ쿴ĹֱЦ
Ц֮¶һĨŹ֮ɫ
ΪģΪղĲ̽У쾪㵵ķ֣˸ղ˵֮⣬ԼĻ򾹺ĳԵ˲ٱӰľġ
򵥵˵ӰľıһĻôطԵĲռķ֮ʣµķ֮һȴǱԵˣ
ҪľǣܹоûԱƺڴߴȥƵģ
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뵽֣Цõİҡҡͷ
ʦ֣Ҫʲôʱܶɰ䣬ʵ
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ǣҵǸһ
Ҳǲ漴ȴָ£ЩĿڡ

۾һУע⵽˴˿̵£ȻʹâĥѾѪˣԾڵϲϷʹʱʱһ˫ѪɫĿ⣬ȴʱʱطӹ
׼ȷ˵ڿط磬ǼΪ̰ǱӰľģ
ģң
ĻյС֣ǰȥ
һУʹâٴδʢµĲҺУ䳯һǿߣطڵλԽԽԶ
Ϊչط磬ּһĻطΧȫ
죡
ߵԼǰ죬µڵϣҧеʮ㡣
ʲô
ЦЦǳĵ°£ܵôһˬɣ
ɱң
ҧŭҸ㣬̫ˣ
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ӦģֻļмЦԼ
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ϵаЦԼܵѹٴɫ䡣
ղŲ˵ɱ𣿡
һӣֱӷɵϿգŵâ˵һ㣬ɫ԰ֽ嶼Щ
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ۣԽ䡣
ѹ
ȻһȺâ㼱ƶѸٱ󣬴ʮ׵ĸ߿гڵλûƮɶ¡
ѹԽԽǿҲ˵˻ߣɫǰһУκα顣
ղɵŴ˺촽֪ѹȥɵΪԹߣɢನ½ʥϢ֮С
ΪĿ£ǸоԼȫҪһ㣬ϵĵѪڣԸٶ緢Ѫ
ҪתԪеֿΧ֮ķУתٶȴǽ͵㣬޷κã
ԽԽµԽŤһ㡣
죡졭Ҫ
ϵţȴôĲңһǿĲҺʧѾǺݺݵѹϡ
ף
ȻʱȴһһɫâƮɶƺʶһֳ¼ΪʵӰ񡭡
ⲻֻ꣬һ־ֶѡ
ȴЩô»᲻˶õ
ΪԷһԥٴλ֣ܿһڶ֣ڻյľУͬ˲һԱߡ
µӰΪ·ʲôƵģؿޱߵĿ־塣
漴ڶƳһĺɫâӰס֮󣬱ǲϵسڶȥ
ɫΪŤȴʼպЧڲӵʱʵӰαڶɣһ㻹֮ûУ
ԴˣѪɽ·֮һ±ǳױ
ʱĺڶͷ·һϲҰޣûղЩëֱ
ͺڶɢԥҧҧջͲסʵʦ֣ղǡ
ŶǺڶɻ꣬ҵһֶֹΣҲûЦŻص
ҲǸ˼
ȴҡҡͷûĻӦǶʦıɣרеģɵڶڶôأ
㲻֪
Щ㵣ڻʵҡͷУһԼͷҲԣûк˵֪Ҿе˫࣡ڶҵĵڶ࣡


1711 ɽ֮ŭм
Ҳ˵ӵ˫һ¶жô벻˼飬ԶѪռеѪɽ£ڱչһ񶼽ķ
Ĵ££¡
У¸Ѫռ񣬶£ռ档
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ΣΪɽƳķĸ֮ˣ˫̥֮䶼޷ơ
Ǿ໥ľӦ
ԳԽκοռһЩĵط֮⣬֮䶼໥ϵʹôô鷳
ߵΣȴҲǱ˽ȻԴʩչ֮һУҲ޷֪ҲֱӶϵ֮ľӦ
ʹѹԼڶɻ꽫³ͬʱͬʱɫһ䡣ȴΪԵʣ޷֪µȻУȴûǷȥ롣
Ͼ¿صʵ
룬㲻죬ȴҲûʲôģϾ֮ǰˮһУ֪
ɾ±ʱѪռһܵصУﰲıչѪɽ£ȴ͵һѪ˳۵ɲǣɫüΪ԰ף񶼿ȥʱή˲١
ҵķģ˭˭
һĺ˺ѷεĴɽ¿кԪӿһ㡭
±ȻֻΪɽȴǲȻ
ͷ֮żΪϵĴɽµѪɡ±һ˲䣬ܹ֪ܵǣҲڿѪήˡ
ֻǣΪһеԵʣɽ²֪±ɱʵҲ˸ղŵŭ
Ƕһ
ۣɽȻӡܿܿռ֮ǼӿɫɫԼɫӰͬʱֶ
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ղš
˰µĻºͽ¶ʱƶĵ϶Ǹղˣ
һΣطŮˣյİɣɽʵ
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µͷȻ˵ҪΪȡرӰľģͲǺˣ룬ûô򵥣
Ҳܵʲô
ɽºǷŭһ֣ºһǱķ飬ҪٶȸҸҪ֪˭Ȼҵķ
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Уһйأ
ɽۣѪâ˸ȥǱ߲һ飡
ǣ
ˣȥɣϢʱ
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뿪ˣɽϥԭأоԼڵ״ŭٴӿ
ģҪñ֪˭ȻһʬΣ
ɽŭѣΧһҡض
Ҫʱָ
ٴŭһɽһӡͬʱ˫ۣܿѪɫâƣȻٴν뵽붨״̬

ɽǱߵȻ
ʱĻУͻյעȫطϣطΧƵɫâַ·بžԶϢ˵ˣ춼΢΢ü
ΪϢƶһƵģ˳ӯľ֮⣬ȻЩ޷˵
ʱһһĹȥת˲㽫ʱ
ʱУ첻ҽȥֻܲϵԪ֧ţΨֻطʲôõӰ졣
ʦ֣Ӱľʧˣ
Ȼ䣬ռץ첲˷ܽе
ţҿˣ
ҲЦŵͷӵĶҪˣһȻŪʧ˽˳ɵԪһ˿ôʰ
ʦ֡
⡮ݺݡĻնʱС죬졣

ʱЦá
κһˣӣôĵ˶¶ɣ
ðɺðɣֻǿЦģ˰ɣҵСʦáЦ˵
⻹࣡
һ¶Цգͬʱȴ춪һۣҲûȥʲôӦļط硭
⡭
úơ
ֹȥ˲ʱطΧɫâ峹ʧطԼҲ˫ۣһĨԵľâ첻һ
ջСȻҵ
Ц
硭
ԵĻգȴѰͲסط˹ȥ
ա
طſ˫ۣ§뻳Уοģûµģ
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յԴȴط绳û뿪
˵ܲҸû˵ĵط
Ϸʵûһ죬ɬĺһˮ
ط磬ȴ§ŻգûĳһۣСӣЦɩӣ
Сʦأ
ƲƲ죬תʵˣӣЦˣղŶʲô
ĻҲ̧ͷĴ۾طϡҲǺ档
ٺ١
طһЦͦذ˵ȻҵʵûҲñӰľںϣһ˱Ӱľ̺⴫м
⴫м
һ˼ĵ˼˵󴫳ж̺ļܣ
ӦǰɣҲұ֤ط˵
磬ղ˵Ǹ⴫мʲôպʵ
뿴ĻҾʩչ㿴
طЦĿȴǿ졣
ϾԾУܷʩչÿ˼
ˣ
ЦŰڰֵĸʱҶҪֲסˣȥɣ治ǻǼʮѪ֮չʾúʣ
ĻطͻȻκ顣
ܿ죬һ漴˱ֱӳ֮ǰڵλãȻѾ£ôҲˣ
һΧķЩѪ֮˵Ĵڣ㳯طЦӣʼɣ
ã
طͷһ˲ڿնɫĹâȫһǿֱ𣬷ͷն֮ݺһ


1712 Ӱ콣µ
ʱ˿̣֮ǰطȣڵȫһƵġ
µƷӿɫĹâӶ·ϷʶֳһƬ鶯ɫ
ľӦô
طλգȴһĲĿֲ
տ˫۷Ź⣬ȫǰ⡣
ȴɫ΢ݣΪطľٶҲһֹĸоƿص֮ܵʲôǣ찵ѹƣ򶼻᲻ʩչ
ܿ죬طжһɫĳ֮ǰϵǱȴһǿĽƣ˽һƵģżǿơ

ۣԵΪ
ղŲڣ·ǺȻֵһ
ҪģȴʮĸܵӰľĵϢ
ֻ֮һֿܣǱӰľĻûֶɣ
ղŵ飬ӵȷƿ˱Ӱľģ
¶һĨοЦݡ
ţ˼ڴѾȲҪطӱӰľ򵽵Ĵмʲôˡ
ȻطҲûʧ
ƽ۷ʱ򣬻µɫâ·ʶһ㼱ߣеǱȴҲǱ˸Ϊҫ۵ĹâľУֲƷطӿ
ţط˫ͬʵʰĺâһţȻϽһȵмӰ콣
ৡ
ʱ䣬طеɫǿҵƿ֮߿գ·ҪƬնֱӴһ㣬Ŀռ֮ϲ
ৡ
ֻգۼĹǳĽâȻɢתۼǷֻʮâһ޴ڵľѸײڶٶȣЩɢѪ֮Ϯȥ
ãܣ
Щˣûٳ־ЩңطĹУǸһɫ䡣
ǣȴѾˡ
ݡ
һâſռĲ˲Ѿ
ۡ
⽣âޱǿ͸ǴưֽôɡʱЩѪ֮һֹܵסѪѪͬʱǽűֱֱĵȥ
ĺܲ
쿴һĻͷ
طڵʵʩչһмĻķȸʮʮ֮ࡣ
ոǾȵ춼Ŵˡ
֮ǰã֮⣬ط֣Ҳֻ˵ռһϷ磬أһ֮£㽫ʮȫ¾ûһҡ
طʵԽԽǿյְĽ֮ɫҲԽŨ
ΪڳĻնƲסֳ嶯ȥݺӵطˡ
ģӣ
ƽһЩŴӿƮط磬ԥ˴Ĵָ޵
ǣ
طƲƲ죬ȴû죬ֱ뻨ӵһ쿴ֱۣһɫѵļһ

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磬רԺУطţмϰڷһЩζĸ㣬ʱʱϼ䣬ԵüΪ⡣
һСУ飬ѣƣգ÷ŮǱˣʱʱһЦߣط˲ɵöһЦ
죡
ȥһ˹طͷʾ󣬱ǳ˵ѾȥǱ߰ˣ׼ã
ǰˣ
һ̾ûʱ䣬ֱڶЩϰߡ

΢һ˵ɣȥǱ߿˵ӣҪȥ
ȥ˵Ǹռ䣿ط۾һͷȲӦȥΪʲôȥ
УȥǶ˵һ
ѵͷҲǳٴȥ
ʱ滨еļŮ׷׻ˣһһıʾҪȥϾ֮⣬÷ͰĿҲһȥˣǱ߿ҲҪӦһЩ
ҲΪп񽣵ĴڣܹǵİȫԷĲ١
ȻѾָ˵ҲһԲɻȱĴڡ
ڶ磬ڳԹ緹֮һ뿪أɽѰһ˵ĵطԴͨ޿ռͨһ˵ȱܿĽС
޿ռ䣬ȻûͬڿռʱڣŨ̶ȣȴҲõһߵط缸˼Ϊȣطһ
߰ɣȥҿ񽣺죡
ЦЦкŴҸǰȥ
Ϊ޿ռƿߣڽĵһʱ䣬ȷ˵λá
˲ʱĽ뵽ǰɽ
ʵԴҵٶȶغķôʱģһ·ϵķ羰ίʵʮﲻֹһεǼŮҲüζפͣúһżǰߡ
ү
٣
ܿ죬һ˱˿񽣺ڵɽҲǰ
Ȼ÷ͰʱֻаûǼĿ񽣣ҲǴк֮Ůӵһ£龡ɡ
ô
ôҺһ쵱ʵ
ܺãܲ
׼Ƶģö֮֮ħ֮һһʮĽ˳Ҳͷ¶˼ΪοЦݡ
ö֮ʵܼ򵥣ǾɽѰҵֲϽƣͬʱԳЩħ飬ʮ˵õ˼ȻͬʱĻʵ
֮ӣʮСӵҲǲʾÿСΪһķΧڸΪսʵÿӵҲ໥һЩϣʱԲóַŴľŹХ
ֵһ˵ľħ֮ˡ
˵޿ռУħ֮ʮȴҪࡣ
Լʵ֮⣬ÿϻҪľԼľȥӡħƣȻͨ콻ǵĻָпٻָڶܹ״̬
ܶʼʱУȴҲջ񼫴󣡾񽣵Ľܣиһħ֮׿ԽȻѾʮ׵ĿӡħƣŬĳħŬ
˶ʱһȴתʵΣ
ǰ˶ҪŬ
һЦүȥ
ˣȥǱ߰ɣ
ͷӦ
Ҳ˵ǵǰ·ܿԽСɽͣһΪƫƧɽ⣬ǰһȴǴҶЩ㵣ʮͷħΧǾ˱󷨵תЩħд߶ԵӣȴҲ̾ѡ


1713 ħ룡
ʮͷħޣмͷżħޣǾ˵תУЩħ޸ֲ˺ȥ
ŹȥʮʮӣЩħھŹХĽɱһһڵħҲû˷ѣܿ㱻һȡպá
磬
ǵһǵģʱ۾һĵ
硭
Ҳ׷ǰ
ţˣ
ͷŴЦܲǵѾصǰѵ״̬
ˣһ٣ȴüΪ⡣
̲סֱӴʵ磬ײʲô㵹ǿ˵
кܴռ䣡
΢΢һЦżǾ֮УֻʵʥȫʥĻŹХܹ٣
һΪ˵ʲôأ
ûƲʥҪôͻƣǻôʲô
ţ
⻰첻Щ΢ҲǸɫѵûã
˵䣬Ŀżˣɵȴ΢΢ü
ǵʵȻȴȻǷɫֵܹ֮
ʱ켸Կ϶Ǽδɫ
ٺ١磬˵ˣҪƾܷͻƣʵڲУŻѡɫЦ˵
ҲУ
Ħһ°ͣˣǼɣһҪȥˣ
磬ǾͲȥˣ
ƺ飬ճ˿񽣣طԼ֮⣬˶ȫգ÷ͰȥϾôˣҲÿ졣
ԴҲûԣк˳ȥ

ħ֮ʮˣ
һ棬ħ޶սʵһ棬ɱħ֮ȡħҲΪǿӡħṩϣһõ顣
ˣ񽣣֮ǰ˵һħ֮ų֣ʵ
ţ
񽣵ͷ룬ݰûʱȥ飬Ӧûģ
һָҿ
˵
ĵҲЩɻ
֮ǰҲˣȴδⷽšԼ©أʲôԭ
˵ʵʱȷΪ档
ܿ죬˱һɽУҲΧɱͷħ޵ʮˡ
Ͼħ֮ɱħ޵ʱ򣬿϶Ȳö֮֮ǵУǼͷħ޻ǺܿıɱˣڵħҲһȡ
ЩħĹҲûȥƺ໥ӦĳԼԵüΪгҲ쿴ĲЦŵͷ
ǵĵЩ˷׷ǰ
죬ǷƣħʦʺʱڣһѧɣضΪĶ֮ţҲǶΪмĵط
һЦЦǰǸȺн˳
ȥӦʮңʵԪڣò˧λЩ
棬û˻עĴڣ
ˣҲˣ
ЦЦҶŬɣ룬
ǣ
ҹӦŵǴЦȥһԣ񽣣طԼ˲δϡ

Զ΢ĵط쿴һ룬ЦЦҪţ˵ǳҲ㣡룬ǰɣӡħƣ
˵䣬жһ·
ڴָΪԼ׼ģҲΪ
ǣ
Ҳɣнӹ·󣬺ܿóĿ̵һʼ˵һħƵĿӡ
ڶĵħƶʮ˳һǳɵıˡ
ŵĵڿӡ֮ǰ΢ͣһ˫۵ƺѰҸоƵģҲûţһֱվԱߡ
˵½ǰĵħƵĿӡ쿴Ĳˡ
ӺۣĿĿʼħƵĿӡ
ʱ˿̣·оֻʣ·ƵģרעҲ첻˵ͷ
ʮӺĵħƳɹˡ
ҲСȻӱϿʲôȴԸܵʮС
ˣˣ
һЦù·˿ЦŵǳԼӡħлʲô覴ã
ǣ
ӹȥȥĿ˼飬ȴҲʲôɵõָ㣡
㿴
ЦЦǽֵ覴öһһָͬʱҲ뽲һȥ޸ģβܱ֤Ḷ́۾⣬ҲΪ˼֡
һ
֮󣬿ŻȻ룬΢ȻһЩӡħƻҪݲͬĳвͬѡ֮ǰѵһֱǸӡħƣղҸһ·ͺǰȫȻͬˡ
ղŵַǶԣ֮϶ǽ·Դокܴˣ֪𣿡
ӡħƶܲħ֮ҲвͬãԼӹٵȵȣ·עصȴʲô
˵ȴǲٶԣЦе룬ǹɫ
·עء
ͷ룬ʱ۾һĵǷ
Ƿ
ЦŵͷٴԵ·ȵȶڻߣЩߺͬڿӡħƵʱ򣬾Ҫ࿼һЩҪȫ棡ס𣿡
ллҼסˣ빧ӦŵһǸм
лң֣ҪúŬļЦ
ǣһʧصͷмѡ
ǺǣȥɣסҵĻŶˣ㣡
ЦЦ漴жһ鴫ݵǰͨʱϵңʲô׵ģȻħ֮棬㶼ң
ϣ⡭
벻ŵĵɴ˫ۣǴľǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ⱑǰˣ
ڰ֣ЦǺǵк˿һ˱漴ɽȥ
ԾɺЩմ뿪ķ򣬾þûж
ӣôףʲôϵĴ
찡ӣã
ǾǣӣԺɵһ㣡
ܿ죬ΧԣϳǴǣһ׷Ľ
룬˺һŻعΧһ˫˫ƻУæĴպãʹҺ˼뿪ķȭͷĿҲ漴Ϊᶨ˼֡
ѵѵѵ
ΣƴһУҲԲʧ


1714 ֮䣬ˮǨƣ
תۣǼչȥ
һжôƽ֮ƺϢͶ澹ûʲôϢ
ȻѪ¶ƿԽԽǿ쫷Ǳ̽ϢҲǰ˺ܶࡣ֮ûϢпҲΪԭ
ΣƺǱǰ΢΢
ΣֻҪû鷢ô͸Ǹ׼ʱ䣬ⷽ˵Ҳһ¡
ү
ڿԣڸóԵŪſʱ򣬿ȴǴ̤˽
塭
Сһ￪Ĳѣڿ񽣣ǶǷĵϲǵĺܡ
ˣڼʱ򣬶ûйôǵ̬ȡ
СС㣬Сүֳ˰
񽣱Сһһڣֻ⻰˵ãɶȴȫûʲôãΪһʼڣڼΪ̵Եʳһ֮⣬ֱԾɻûʲô仯ʱѾһЩ
ҲĵģƫƫСѾͷûκεĲԾԶƵġ
ٺ١ĿⰡүպֽһЩ
ԣЦ
ղŲôż뵽ˣˣ㲻Ӧ޿ռ𣿡
Ƴһʵ
Ŷԣˣ
ͷǿнĿӿջүˣǱˣ
ˣ
ԣʱ΢һüô£ô֪ģѲɣ޿ռʱ򣬻ܹȥע
ү
˦˦ͷ˵ⲻǰ˵ģ
˵ģ
̧̧ۣвɣղŲ˵
Ҳ˵
ƺܽͷ΢һԣүҲ֪զ£ǺȻ֪Ϣ񡭡εİɣ
εġ
ûһӽеĿ⳯ɹȥ
ΡһҲ˵óڡ

Ĳ֪ν͡

ʱүүԨҲ˽
̫үү
ԹԵĽһԨ΢Цŵͷ󣬳Сӻ￾⣿ղŵõ׼ȷϢ򳹵ˣˮɽԲһЩ⣬ѾױѪƿأ
ү˰ɣû˵񽣶ʱ۾е
ݡ
ۣԨҲǵƵ㣬ҹȥɣ
үүԵȡ
һ䣬漴Ԫӿ˿ĽȣԨǿЦõУ˽ʮӣŽ׼Ŀ⿾ãǹԹԳԶ󣬱ŽϿһԨͬȥƵ
ڣŭݣԼλ̫ϳ쾣ԺȻڳ
ϿһǶûκβıʾ
Ͼ񽣻һݣԼҵѪ
ԼѾ˵ԼؽĻô񽣱ؽԼҼĲѡ
һºŻõϢ˳
ǰ죬ǶΪƽ˾ʱѪȴڰźܶ׼Ȼȫһٽȫ¡
ȫչ£ЩӵȴǺֵȫ
һĹ򣬿¶ڱѾ˳ǧ˵
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Ļüͷղ˵ˮڵˮɽûѪ֮˵ĳ֣
ǵģ
ͷû´ĻӦϴȥǱߴĽϾѪµҲ޵еģǵǱߣ
ˮʱǰȫģ
˵ţǳ³һ
ڣ۷Ƶĵ򣬾ֻʣ򣬶ľıԼʸˣ
ɫصĳѪ֮ǰľٶò˶þͻֻ֣򣬱Լ֮䣬ǻѡĶһĿꣿ
һʱ䣬Ļ˶
һɫʮѿ
Ϊ۷壬˵վۣ֮ѪµΪȴһһεǵ
ûʲô֮Чİ취ò˶ã򶼽ѪУһʱؽӭһνԵѣ
Ӧɣ
񽣳һ£ջǿ˵
򡭡
һĿǳ˹ȥ
죬ңүڣүһһεĴݻѪµıȻѾүУȴҲŵ󣡡
ڱжľԼ쫷ڣһĶֲ֣ܿٵ£ҺͻʸֹȥĻǸû취ɹ
񽣼򵥵˵Щ㲻ٶԡ
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ʮ֮˾žпˡ
Ƭ̺컺ڣпܵĻȥʸүүԹһ˰ɣҲá
ˣȻһֹס˲䣬ȴǶһ鴫
Ҳûдţ˫۵ľٶĵȴš
Ӻ콫ҲǱЩЦ
˭ôˣԨʵ
ˮҼˮĪޣ
һˮ˵׼׷ˮأͬʱˮ֮˴ӶǱǨƵϣܹһʵݾ֮أ
ˮҪǨƣ
Ļڳ˷׷һ㶣ǾȲѡ
֪ˮг۷֮⣬ΨһһӵԼصļ塣
أ˵Ĵڣ
µͷҲû˻ԸأǨƵĵطȥ
ˮҾȻĴôβǸе졢ǲˮڵˮɽǱ߷ʲô£ʵ
ҲǺѾѪ֣֮ˮʱܹȫѪҲԸʹ˷ŹǣԣˮǨˮҵ뷨Ҳǲģ
컺˵ţȴǲ޵ϺУ
ɽڣûգ
ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ˣǸɴȥԸһʵĵطˮǨƵʱҪй
Ƭ̣˵ȥ⹫лʸϵԹһˣǱҪһԿѪµԽԽ֮ҲԽΣգ
ţõģ
ҲԥӦ
ţһһ뿪
صԼרԺУڳſСһǼΪȻ´һĨЦݡ
񽣣
Сһ˲Լϵպĳʵղ˵Ǳߵεģ


1715 񽣵ټѪ粣
ǰ
ʻͷ
ɺܿ죬ȴüͷļүҲ֪ǵǲΣ
ô£
ЩɣֻҪǸˣѵʱǲ֪ܲղŵʵξɣ
ߣֱֲܷ治ʲôǻþʲôʵ
˵ôһþξ˲ôԶĶΣ̫һЩ
һʼڣ컹û˵顣
İҲ˵
ϰԵͷǺȻ俴ģȻ;ˣ

ţǸʱ˯

Ĳ֪˵Щʲôˡ
εĻȴһּܵĿܣ
Ǿ˹ÿΣȻͨǶ˵ӵĽƺҲĲ̫ܡ
Լͣ
Ĳ𣿡˶٣ʵ
ȷǸʱ򰳵ȷ˯񽣻ص
˯Ρ
۾˸˼Ĺâ
Σǻ᲻ǿ񽣵һ
üѡ
漴ȴּΪΪʲôǰûУ˵ǾĳĴ̼͹ֳ
ھֿԵĽ͡
һֶͨΣÿ񽣸֪˶ڷ飬Ȼͨ񽣵Ŀ졣
ڶӵԼ֪
ȻǰһȴǻǲΣڶȴǡ෴
һ֣켫ĺ棬޲ھͽ䳹׸
ˣȲȥˣ
ȻȴǿЦŰڰ֡
ҪĻǹѪµ飡˵ѪµˣϳֵҲпܵõ͡
ˣ񽣣Ȼȥɣ
һֻ޿ռĴסҪǣҪ뿪Ͼʹô֮⣬޿ռɽѪµĴӪ֮һ
ϣүͷİɣаڣ
ؿڣֺһкſ첽뿪
뿪ıӰȴЩЦõҡҡͷ
ְְ֣֡ȥĶһҪأյСץ·ʧ˵
¶Ҫæأ
͵ܹܵԹԵԶǳˣְ𣿡
𣬰ְ֣
Ļʱ۾һרĿżȵҲ̧ͷС߻м˿ض졣
˵ʵڵģѾܾûרˣˣҲѹĻСһô
ҲһĨǸ⣬Ȼˣְʲôʱƭǣ
Ү̫ÿְã
ĵӡһյĴӡ
ˣǹԹԳԶɣ
ЦŰڰ֣СһӦһżԿ⣬ٶҲûб֮ǰ٣ϾͶϸ

һԣһ߿СһԶǿɰģһȴ˳˼
ˮǨƣһʮҪ顣
ֻһݾ֮أҲҪȫҪģˮˮĴڣӲˡ
˭أ
üڲ뿪ȻȥˮѰҺʵĵط
ɣ
Ƭ̺۾һѾܾûˣʱɣøһ飡ߣЩѪ֮Ҳ¶棬İȫҲûʲô⣡
뷨ȶһ
֮ǰĴţˮĪ˵Ҫ׼죬ٲᳬգ
ԣҪڽʵĵطҵһܸ̫ˣֹѪ֮ǰ֪ϢˮҲضɼΣ
ŰʱȥСһˣȥԹԵĲøɾһһҵſĴϣְ֣ǳ꿩ھȥ𣿡
ţھȥ
ǺһЦǣסС֣ǳȥ
ͨţ飬ǼŮһкȥ˿⼸ڱչصѾͷŴСһ뿪ͨļ˲ƣȥ˱
ĿĵأȻǱı̻ɽаɷš

аɷɽׯ棬Ĺûκ˵ע⣬ʯ඼û֪ͨһǾֱСһ
̻ɽĺɽУһʮĵɽȡ
Ŀĵؾ
ְ֣Һ͵ܵôûأ
ɽȣĻɵóʵ
ǰǰԴ
һʹŵܵܵûнͣЦ˵
ţ
Сһﱻܵ˵һ󣬱ܵһԣĲѡ
ȻҪĻţ
ˣ
ʱǰ߳һǳɫȹŮӣɫ䣬ԳְϵϢȴƿΧΪһƵģ첻ּΪĸо
Ѫ粣þò
ǰȥЦŴһк
û
ҪģΪѪ֮һѪ粡
ֻһμ棬ȴ־㵡
Ѫ粵ı仯ʵ̫һЩ
ǰȻѾѳѪ£ԾѪƣ궼ôһѪɫȹ
أ
ǳɫȹȴʣҪȴѪɢϢʮºͣȻ֮С
˵ǰɱƣĻôھͷ·һȻӣһһ򵥶ΧʮںϣŮٷ˼֮񲻽üΪƽ
Ѫ粣ı仯󰡣
ǺһЦǾȡ
ã
Ѫ粵ĵͷƳһԱĵʵôң£
ţе飡
Ѫ粵еϷʣ첻ڨڨһЦ
˵ɣܹ֮ҲļֹͣʲôҪȥľֱ˵ǣ˵ǰ棬ɱ˵Ҳȥǰ̫ˡ
Ѫ˵ʱ򣬸ǲ̾̾
ģȥɱˣ
ǺһЦǰӦÿ϶ܶطҽһطҪҪһ㣬ᱻ˾ţŨҲҪ㹻
Щ
Ѫ̧ʵ

Щ죬ôֵ֪ط
ϻ
ѪƲƲ죬أ𣿡

ʱƿԡ
漴ѪȴǼң϶ô򵥣
˵Ѫ粰ͱٴˣǲֵ֪طЦõĵ
֪
Ѫ粵ͷ漴̧̧ۿ죬ΪʲôҪ㣿
ҡ
죬ҪЦ˵ʲôʱѪȴֵӦһ


1716 ص㶨ˣ
Ѫ粣ע⵽ѪеһĨ٩첻Цһ£ðɣ˵ʲô
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ѫû˵ʵ
룡
ܿĵͷֻҪԸ˵Ҿ
ѾװѪµЩʵȴѾʥ۷壡
Ѫ粵ԵһУҪһˣǸ˵ǿϣųһܹ֮װѪ£õһ
Ŷ˭üëһʵ
ʶ
Ѫȴҡҡͷ涼ûֻ͸ܹǽ޵аʵΨһȷģһŮˣ

ʱʵҪҴӦʲô
Ϊʦ
Ѫ粶˶٣˵ԣҪҽܣ
Ѫ粣ⲻΪ𣿡
Цѣ˭֪ôܣУˣѵܹʦɹܼ֮ھҪȷõطͬʱҪһ
ǾͲҵ¶ˣ
Ѫ磬ֵüΪɣ쿴ĸΡ
ðɡʲô֮𣿡ʵ
Ҷûô֪
ѪƲƲ죬ûػص
ⲻΪô
оԼҪƷˡ

Ѫ粻һתƺΪӦĳԴⷽ롭
ҵĳ
ԣʱۣܹôֻˣ
Ѫ粣ɣȴȥǸʵĵطˣҴȥ˿˵
ģ
Ѫ̧ʵΪƽȴע⵽ǺȻסС֣ȻȴҲǺܼġ
Ȼ
ֱѪ粣ԥĵͷƭô
ã
Ѫһۣȥɣ
ţ
ҲûԥæйǣСһָѪ

Ӻ΢ƫڱǱߵһɽ⣬СĵӰ˲ƶ

һ߻ΧһѪʵ

Ѫף˵ûκľ£ħҲǿǴʲôΨһĺôŨҪط΢һЩӦúʺ˵
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üҪ˵ʲôʱѪȴǴϵֻ֪ôһطĻҲû취ˣ
ȿ
ϵˮǨƣǵİȫԣ첻Ҵ⡣
ܿǱ˫ۣѸٵĳǰɽӶȥѪȴҲδԣվһԣĿȴʱʱϣͬһ޷εϲ
һջĿ⣬ðɣȷطɣ
ʲôʱȥ˵ˣѪʵ
ȼհɣ
ڰ֣ѪЩɫУæֵղ˵ˣߵæ꣡òǰɣ˵ˣѵʱ䶼Ȳ𣿡
ãϣ˵㻰
Ѫ粵ͷ⼸һֱ㣬ʲôʱˣʲôʱ̴ҹȥ
⡭ðɣ
û뵽Ѫô˼һǵͷӦ
Ѫ粵Ȼûж֪ڵǰֱˣ¾ѪɽԼˣҲһܹϵóϾɢϢѾǰȫͬ

רԺС
Ѫһԣߴߴ˵ͣѪ粱һֱϣҲ¶ޱЦݡ
Ǳߣط磬֮⣬Ȼƽڳ
ǸɽȷΪˮǨƵݾӴ󣬾ǵ飬ǽĲָ񽻸ϾѾ˼̳ܹˮҴùϵҲδһ¡
Ȼ𣬵ȴҪͨ˲ء
ԣ֮ڣѾˣԹ㱨
ܺãʱɣ
ЦŵͷֻҪȥŪŵľУһЩϸڻҪǵȥϾÿ˶Լͬϰߣ
ʲôʵ
ǣң
ҡҡͷĿ˶ķ򣬳ҪȥǱ߿ûʲôܰæģϣһнеĺ˳ɣ
ȥ򡭡
Ļڳ˾ɫһ䡣
үȥ
Ҳȥ
񽣺ط缸ͬʱ
˵죬𣿡
ûش𣬲ԶѪȴ˹˵
ߴʱ䣬Ѿ˽⵽ͶѪܹս˵زҲޱ𾪣˵ҪȥѪ粼Ϊġ
һȷǵİΣһȴҲʲô⣬ָô죿ѲɻҪôһֱȥ
Ҳܲȥ
Цһ£ѪģӦһģǵõϢɽ²ûͷǺºͽѣڵʵҲʲôΣգ
Ȼ֪ǷӦ׷ͱ֮һϵ
Ѫٻεֵ
ûôа԰ɣҲǺ˵ҶǸµģʱûС
ҡҡͷû˵꣬Ѫ粱ǴϵãѸٵó򣬸ϱͷ֮ϵΪܹɹ

һʱͣѪǼ˵ҲĴң϶Ѿ׼һȥĻ˵زҲˣŲţ
˵棬Ѫǿƺ޸Ŀ졣
ðɣ֪ˣ
һҾȥĵطɣ
ûѪ粵ֱԣΪѪҲദʱˣȫܹᵽѪֱŵĹġ
Һһȥ
ѪûзԣֱԵ
ã
첻ͬģѪǼᶨӣ㲻ͬҲУҲֻӦ¡
ү
ԱߣҲ졣
ɣ磬ҹȥ
ȥǱߵţһ˵ˣҵһʱ佫Ǵȥ
ðɣ֪ˣεĵͷȻЩԸĻᷴԡ
ȻҲκܿұǸɢȥ
Сһ֮ǰҲѺͳƻúտš
ϧȽԾ޿ռУҲֻѺͳˡ
ܿ죬ط뿪أ˲ƺ󣬱붫Ǵɽ
˲֮⣬Ӷıؾ֮·ѾˮĪˣȺѵѡ


1717 ˳ִѪ粵ļ
ȥһ߿
ط˵һ󣬱Ǿֱĳ΢һȥ
ʱһħ޵ŭ𣬵ܿȴɢѾǱطɱħС
Ҳȥ
Ҳ߿ˡ
ΪģֻΪ֮Ѫ粵Ŀͼһֱϣƺ޸飬ʵȴЩ֮ɫ˵Сˣطһ뿪Ը۵ľٶ
һ
ݺݵصһۣ漴Ц˵Ѫ粣ôҲϰߣ
۾ϣԸ⿴˭Ϳ˭Ī㻹ڵ𣿡Ѫûĵ
˵˵ȴǺܿĽƿǶһЩ
쵹ûע⵽ĿǱȥüǵǡ
һǨƣ˴æľ϶ܶ࣬ҪѪµע⣬ôΣԱؽӡ
˵ʵڵģ˵ˮôģҪĻˮ
ι죡
֮ʣѪժһƬҶ˺е
ôŤͷʵ
˵ˮǸСˮϵܺãѪ촽ʵ
ţ
ͷˮһܺõˣңǶܺãǰڻԪ½һСʱҲǶˮչˣˮ㲻ж׽һ
˵㽫׽㣿
Ѫ׷ʵЩȡ
쵹Ҳû⣬ЦЦǰ
׽㣬ߺߡ
Ѫǣ߲ѣȴҲûٶ˵ʲôҲû켫Ϊ񣬱ͷȥװһΧ羰ӡ
ǳɫȹ΢ڶߵļ㷢Ҳ֮趯Ѫǽ۵ļգ·һγһķ羰ߣһױȵ
ˣҲǲЩ΢
ڶ˵Ҫȴˮң
Ҳֻ΢ûйĹעĿԼעɳŶķȥ

һ
ˣ
۾һվ
ԵطԼѪ粶׷׸Ŀ⳯Ǳȥ
ȻûһоһӰķΪ׵ĺȻˮĪˮҹˣһֱڵĵˮ΢һҲԳĹ
٣
죬ˮ˶һ
ˮĪ޸ǰ֡
λһ·ˣ
ǺЦˣˮûʲôⷢɣ
ûУ˳ˮʵһڣһֱֻе֪ҾǴŴҴģѪµ˷˲ٵĵطҲ벻Ѿ뿪ˣˮĪԵ
˵˵ţˮĪȴǲЦԳһ£ҲΨһһأǨ˿ڵļˣ
һ̾Ρ
ˮҲΪ˱֤ҵİȫ׻˵úãɽڲûգ
Цŵ˵ˣʱ𣿵ʱˣٻȥˣ룬ˮȱĻҲԲˮģ
ϣ˰ɣˮĪٴһ̾
ˣˮҸһ£
漴콫طһ飬Ѫȴֻ˵õ֮һͬʱǿһ£˴ΰѰݾ֮ؾѪ粵ĹͣˮĪ޼Ϊжл
λһɣȥǱߺúϢ
˵ˮĪҲæкˮ֮һϣʱˮȴߣû˵ʲôֱĸ첲Ūڳ֮˷׷ײĿ
ˮ㣬ǸʲôЦ
ôˣ
ˮ֪ķʣʱΪ
ϻߣ
ˮƲƲ죬ߴٵ

Цãֳܲܰɣ
Ҳֻܾôǰ·˵ĿȫӡȻȴûע⵽ǣѪǱһĨӡ

ˮ̣ô
ǸѡɽУˮ֮˲లٺˣЦʵ
ܺãˣ
ˮĪ޸мĵͷ٣εңҴˮǱʾлпܵĻȥݷ
Ȼ⣡
Цŵҿû취Դȥˣ·ɣһмҪ
ǺǡûʲôȥæˮĪЦŵ
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ҡ
죬ˮֵҲҪȥ
ˮ㣬⡭
Цһ£ĿȴǳѪȥ
ңѪޱ
ˮ㣬ҪɣߣһȥأѶ㣡̽Եĵ

ˮѪ˺һƲƲͷӦðɣҲסҪסأ
ԣ
켸ǲ˼ĴӦ
Ͼˮ֮ĹϵסǾûκġ
ߡ⻹࣡
ˮǰһߡ

Ķ
ܵĻѪ粲һ£Ƣо
ƺԴӳڣǵһθܵôһĿ
Ӧҵģʣ
˵Ѫ粵һƲ죬ǸˮʵĻ̾ƨƨߵĻش˰ɣ
˵ˮʲôˮǴûģ
ĵѪź˺ߣߴٵ߰ⵢʱˣ
Уɣ
ʼ磬Ѫ粱ǳǰ˹ȥ
硭
һǰ洫һűһͷžֻ۾ľ޴֩뼱ٶԴ֩뱳ϵһСŮǷ
Ǿ޴֩ҲǷĺѣΪϹ޾Ŀ롣
⡭
ĿɲǣѪ粱˫ͫһԭƽϢʱҲЩҡ
Ȼоһּѹ
˰ɣ
ȴǰֽӹ˹ķЦС֪ˣƨƨأ
̲Ųأ̿أ
ľ˾죬

̬첻һЦ
磬λƯĴ˭ѽ𣿡ͷѪ粣Ǻʵ
СѾͷ˵Ǵĺѣ켱æ
ŶŶ
ԴѪ粴к㣬ۣҽз
Ҳã
ѪͷСѾͷϤҲ̷ǾĿĽ䱸
Сôˣ
ȻʱһŮȻڡ
ȿȣ¶Ͼ͹
һ䣬ŷѪȥǴкѪ粸ϵڼѪ粵ı֮ʱȴֲЩ㵡
˿̵Ѫ粣ּһֱȫȻ٣ж˵㼤Ứʱ״̬Ҳ첻΢΢һЦΪ֪Ѫ粵˻ϿԿ϶ˡ
һΣȻûа


1718 Ѫ粣Ƶ֮飡
ܿ죬÷ȥԼǴѪڵǸԺ䡣
˿̣ԺУһϣŲ裬ĲӶ̣ټеĶܵĻޱȻ֮С
Ȼڲûٴ˵ûһۣѪ粵һʱԿ϶ھҪҵˣҪݵʦ
ͨ
ֻһ˲䣬û쿪˵ʲôѪ粱ǿ첽ǰֱĹǰ
㰡
ڷ·עеĲ豭ͲϣȴҲǵĿڵû뵽㾹Ȼ㵽ûã߰ɣ
̡
ȴ΢΢ü
ǰΪͽ
Ѫɹ˼㡣
˵ˣҲͽ
ݲ裬ԾôţڵĻƺ˿ȴЩôĲ顣
ǰգһֱֱǰıΪֹѪ˵ʮּᶨ
вң
üëһв̧Щŭɫ
ң
ͷѪô
ȻǾ͹ɣ
һ漴ֵ²裡Ūģζ
ã
ҲЩΣֻܻߵ£豭һڣʱֻ㣬ڷ·ܵһϴӣԭЩɬĵطһ˳ѡ
ôЦ
ǳã
Ĵָ޵ֻĲĺò谡ҺȹļƷҲȲˣ
ǺǡǾٺ
ЦЦָ쵹ݹȥ
ţ
Ҳûٶ˵ʲôӹ㻺ٴκ꣬ɵֻ·һ˵ζ˶˲뵽ܻоκεķ
⣬²ɣ
֪׹ȥã컺˫ۣûչһ˲ľâڣһжԵôƽ˫һƽĺ
ô
ڵ𣬺ĺĳһ㣬г
ع΢һ£ȴǺܿĳ³һ
̣ʲô裿̫˰ɣʵ
㣬赽ڣȻȥһʱԼȴоֻһ˲ѣίʵʮ־졣
ģĲ裡Ц
ġġǳ֣
ͷһĨ˼ȴһӿ룬Цߵʱ߶ɣסһֻһƬҶ㹻ˣÿζҪЧ
УҾͲˣлл̣Ц
㰡ʲôʱҿ
ںǺһЦʱȴһɹڵϴͷһδѪ粣ڵ̣Ѫ
飬Ϊͽû˵ʲôڱǴϵ
Ű
һ٣Ǻܿĵͷ
̣֪ʵѪ
˵Ȼȴٴλֵԣ

һ٣ڣѪ粴˿Ҳ̧ͷϣƺĶЩȴҲͬһĵģǲԼˡ
̣˵Ӧˣʵ
ô
üëһЦУôȻĲͽ棬һٵ˵壬Ҿ㿴ϣҲܾܾɣ
лл̣һл
ͽѪ粣ߵʦ
ѪҲǵڡˡĿͷ֡
ˣɡ
Ѫ粣һĶ֮ʱֺ㣬ɫΪĵѪ粴ãԸ⣬Σ
粡ֲЦ޵
粶лʦ
Ѫ粣Ӧý粣ٴι¿һͷ
粣סǱͽǾҪŬѪ֮ȫϵרĹɣɾͣȻ
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ֲãҲӣʱȥȫΪʦţ
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ˣվһ԰ɣ
ǣ
ڵĻ粹ԹԵվֶֹ࣬
ˣ
ٴο죬ڵЦݣղŽѵ粵ʱ򣬼ֱˡ
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΢ЦŵͷѪŶӦýһʧģ
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УѾ¶˾ģһҪúȥһȫ׵
ڲѪ粣粣һȫµģ粣

ƵУ𣬶ľƣʸ֮⣬һˡ
Ϊˣ̫ϳǽΪǸԶҪæ
ϸ磬֪ںδľʵ
ﰡڶڣֻһѶϢ˵Ҫ죡ˮǨƵ֮߶ûؾֱˣЦ
òȥѪµ鷳˰ɣľЩĵ˵
Ӧòᣡ
ҡҡͷʲôƻĻܲģֻ˽¶ѣ
ϣ˰ɣ
ľƿЦһ¡
ôһȷһʮֵý¶ʵҪеҲԽԽ࣬ҪԵҲԽԽ
ʱڻãʲôΣգڴѪµǰȻʵΪףҪǲѪµ壬Ǻؽ롣
ʵʲôΣյģ
ʸԱ߰οһ䣬ŵϸ磬ôżҺͶľйĪʲôǹѪ£
ŻʸĻľƵɫҲΪȻ

һ룬ڶ飬λϵܶӦ֪˰ɣˮϧʱǵأǨƵ
ЩǶѾֻ֪ǹˮҵģȴ֮һ˵ľƺͻʸӦ
ҵ飬ѪһĿ꣬пܻǻʸϵ򣡡

ĻľƺͻʸһĬ
ܹΪһܹ֮Ϊ۷ļȻǱ
ͱ˵ȷҪһЩ
ѪµѡҲпܻˣ
ϸ磬Ҳô
ʸףҲüǱ׼µͼҲѣɾôѪҲûа취
ԣλԹ뵱һ֮ߣѪôŰȥ
ʱг֮⡣


1719 鶨ĸ飡
֮ߡ
ĻľƺͻʸǿЦһ¡
˵ʵڵģûģѪ̫һЩ
ؼҾȲˣ
Լң仹Լ̫ϳڣѪֻڼĹ򣬱ǽԼڵȫռݣǺεŵľٶ
ǰʱ䣬һС
Ȼؼұ𣬵ǸʱûѪУ˼ҺȻһ֮ڱнһ߼£ˮҶ꣬ҲԿѪµʵȷǿǿš
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ΣѲɾôĿѪ׳󣿡
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˵ϸ磬ľϸ磬ǲǸֶŮڶǱߵõʲôϢĻʸ˵
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⻰Ͷľͷ
ʱżҴҵĵˣ𵱼һۣһŵһ
ҪͶľʲô飬첻÷裿
ڵʵ˭ס
¾̫ϳԳ֣ҲǸеİɣ
Щ˿λŽͶľΧ˫ĿϣͲûֱӳߴˡ

ĿôһסͶľزЦŶһۣ漴ҲûгɣǴӶ̽Ϣ˳λıʱһ䣬Ҳ˲١


1720 ϢԮ
Ϣ
һڶΧڣˮس׷Ѫ֮޷֮⣬ˮɽȫƿأĶѾΪѪµĵ̡
һ㣬ƣǱȴЩͬΪĵΧУԼضûѡ
ⷽ˵֮ӲһЩ
ڶڶУѪЩ˵ͷһµˣԳѪϣΪѪ֮
ҲҪһ㡣ѪƺԱ֣
㣬ȴǺǵķ𣬴ת˱򣬵ΣѾȷѪ»ᶯ֣ʱӦò̫Զ
ԣ𣬶ľԼʸ˶һۣɫ
Ҫȥú׼ӭһˣľ
ǰľϵܣ׼֮⣬㻹ҪСϽ߼壬ѾЩѪ͸ͷȴѵ
ţף
ľɫصĵͷ漴Ͷľʵضһȥߣ
ף°ɣ
ľ˵ҺѾܾûˣ
ҲУ
ľƵͷˣϸ磬ʸϵܣǣ
ã
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֮ǰƵõļƻѪ½Աľ壬ʸ壬һƻܹ˳ʵʩĻѪЩһҲܳɹ
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Ϊĸ׺ţľҲȥߴ٣ֻ˵ԣѪµ֮Żеİɣ
ڶľغУǺûʲôҲܹǶܶܶתƵСһϡ
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һУȴǸǵĿɰһԵͶľĻϲ޲ñݺϼڡ
š
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ľŮľüŮĽѣȻѪµԺһҲҪĺúȥ߿

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ǼŮѾ˽⵽ռʱĲͬѾѾȥ˺üʱ䣬öľزЩԼ˲֪˵ʲôð
һԹǼŮ磬뿪ˣϾľغŻ˿϶ҲҪúϢ
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лл
Ϊжĵͷԥľ뿪ˣʯɢ̵ĲԼԺ䡣
Ϊʲôôżĸѩɽׯ
ԭֻһԮ
Уû˵ʲôϸֻһ򵥵ԭ򣬷ѩɽׯȫ嶼
λȥ֮УжԪ޷תѺڷѩɽׯһڣѾ취һԪлͶľԮ
Ϊʲôȴ
ϵİΣͶľҲûгɵȳ֮󣬱Ǿֱ뿪أֱʩչ˲Ƶĳűѩɽׯȥ
ֻϣһжüΣˡ


1721 ѩѸʱϵ
ѩɽׯһУ߼Ϊ谵ܳһ齺֮⣬κװΣҪȴһ
ޱϡ
ҲӦ˵ޱ飬ϸֳǲ԰ףѪɫԣϢЩңȥΪ
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ѸߵǰԵѵĲ𣿡

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ׯͲҪǿ˰ɣ
ѸһĨâȴżǫЦݣڷѩɽׯѾҵ֮ôǿȥҲ޼µģͰ˵ģֻҪׯܹɽׯ˵ҿ̷뿪
ѸѸҲʮ˰ɣ
ڣ̧ͷһѸ
ҪʮһˣѸͷ
ʮһ갡ѵ㲻֪ҵԸΪôвãҸ㣬ͰɱˣҵҪܻãЦиֳһĨŪ
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Ǹң
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ѸԼʮƣΪжԵʣٶҲԽԽ˽ʮӶûߵĿĵأѸüҪڣȴҲûʲôߴ٣ѾˣϷŪĻľͲţŮ˻ڹϵԼڵĽҪͷЩȥǿš
ʮһϣ»ᱻĥɣ
ֹȥ˼ӣѸĵׯͣ°ɣ
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ׯǹˣ
ѸһĨâһֵɲǣʮ˱Χһ¶ЦĶ
ׯǲײĲᰡǼúȥ̷̰ɣǧģׯϸƤģɱˣ񵭵Ե΢˼
ٺ١

ʮһĥȭƣѾʼ·ŵòᣬˡ
ʱûһ㷴֮
ݡ
Ȼһ˲ĹǲԶȴǶȻٶʮâ˲һļٶ֪ʮڲϱƽǣһಿλֱӶĵڵϣǵӣȫûзӦʧȥ
ʲôˣ
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һȴͶľ˴и˳
˵ɲǣѸɫ˲䣬ȴǳ׷ֻýƣվվסжľؼʱסǶѾˤڵˡ


1722 Ҳ
ѸǼͶľصģ
ʱѩɽׯ֮УȻ֪Ǹʱ֮˵ЩʲôҲܹµһ㡣
ε飬ȴûͶľػôʱĸϹ
ʮӣ˵ϺӵʮӣŻСʱ
ټ֮ǰһЩʱ䣬ܹҲŰ࣬һѣ
ùĶ
ľظһ壬ɵüͷһ塣
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Ѹ
ľطĿȴǳǰѸȥһ㣬ʹѸһһŤͷܵĳ嶯
ܣ
һ۱㿴뷨ֱӵѸ
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ѸȼڵĻҡ
磬ҷĵ
˵
ã
û˿ĳɣֱӳ֡

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һԪѣǰûκη֮
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һӡ˵ټǰжľأԵʣ־壬ҷֻ顭
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Ͷľؽ죬ڼΨһǷԸѸϣһ뿪

֮ǰѺǸУ˺ܿߡ
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ѸƽĵӦ֪ҵƢԼ˵ʣ
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ѸһƵͷΥĻ
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ӰȴûɱǸһŵѸֻҪô˰ѸƿѩɽׯԳΪ֮
ѸǲŵģһҹѸ̽Ե˵˼ʮĵ֮󣬽ŲʱǼ˱ڸԷȥһ㡣
գǵӰĸУѸճˡ
ӰڶˣȴѸ˲ٵİ֣ѸҲ˻ڽļʱв켺÷ѩɽׯƿУ
ڼ֮ǰӰͬһĺȻˡ
ѩɽׯһܣɽׯĻֻܣƿطѩɽׯ
һõ֣ôӰʹӦѸʵʱڽʥﵽʥҲԣ
һѸ޾̰
֪ع㲻һУȲĸ¶ȻѺʣ֮δҶ֪ˣ
֪ǸӰʲô𣿡ʵ
֪пѪ֮ˣѸҡҡͷ漴²
˶ղɱʮҲ𣿡ʵ
ǵģ
Ѹͷ΢˵ʮǲôҵڼңͬʱ÷ѩɽׯϣ
ȻЩΪʲôҪΪ
ۣкâ˸ȻûԪתȴԾƷǷѸ̧ͷһۡ


1723 ɱ¾ƿأ

ǰԱԼѸǰޱǸӰûʲô·֪ɣ
֪֪Ǻɫ·ȫǺɫģѸص
ɫ
۾һУʵΣˣ϶Ҳ֪
ЩһȷԱְ
ԽѸ
٣֪ҴˣѸ
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쵭ףҲӦ֪ҪЩʲôɣ
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ˣѩɽׯҲǽˣ֮ȴʮֹ죬Ȼڿʲô̫Ӱ죬ʱһĻ˭ұ֤ⷢأ
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ʱãһ£


1724 ȻǺ£
죬æýŲմأ˯֮⣬ϾûʲôϢʱ䡣
ͶľΧйţڼҲϵʯ֪࣬аɷŲûκ״ʱܹĵļѩɽׯС
ķѩɽׯѾ±ƿأҲõĻᷢʲô顣
ֻǣ״ʮ˵ǣǿƳ˷ԪⲢûΣĶأ˭ָұ֤ԺĲٳʲô۶ӣ
ԣԺ󣬵ѩɽׯ½٣ǱҪȥأΪΣ鶼еĻôҲֻʦһˣȥһ»Ԫ½ˮɽˡ
֮û̻ȥٷѩɽׯ֮⣬һĿģǾѸǷܹǸӰճ

ѩɽׯһԺУľǱùĲ裬⣬ȴǻڵڵʵɶأûдҪ𣿡

Цһ£ʲôⲻ˵ˣҺҲûйⲻҪһ˳Ȼͺã
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˵ʲôأЦá
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ҹһжԵôѩɽׯʱѾ˯˹ȥʱʱ֮⣬Ҳû
ĳУѸҲڴϣȴһֱû˯۾ʱʱɨǶڻ谵еӷ򣬷·ʱ˳Ƶġ
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һЦͶľһ԰Žź¼ٷɳתۼѾ˷ѩɽׯķΧɽׯ棬ʮ￪ɽϿա


1725 սǿ죡
ӰʧУЩĵĵضǸʲӺµĶ𣿡
ΪǶӻЩûаյ飿
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Ҳڵ𣿡
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ͷƳһѸһκΥ֮ĵļæϡ
Уڴߵµ齲ʱʮֵİΣǶľغһİοĲ١
ţ˶ѸĴ뷨Ȼǲһ֣ѸŵòᣬɫüΪ԰ס
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ǷԷθĻѸ͵ع˵ϣϵؿͷ޵ϡﻩġ

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ʶޱȵŭ֮У²һ־⡣
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ۡ
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һȣ޴Ϯûиĺ¶ٻʱ䡣

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˿̣Ưǰ֮ϣޱ飬ȴԵޱǿƣؼ䶼ֻʣԼޱȣ


1726 ƴӶݣػң
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죬ҵģұ

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аɷţഴڱ֮УٲȻѾΪ˵ڶڶľ֮£ΪԵʣ¶ľ֮ˣҲаɷ߳ȥ˼Ϊ񡭡
ѣôаɷŸ޷
ڲõĽаɷŸ׵壬ΪѪµĿ꣡


1727 ׻龧Ĺ
֮ȥȻа취ȻʮֹģȴҲûκεĴߴ٣ϾֹĶҪ϶Ҫһʱġ
ⷽ棬żҲûá
һעŶΣһȴֹűϾѩɽׯǰ֮˭Ҳұ֤ڱе߼ûѪµˡ
Ϊжľ壬аɷţ쫷ԵʣҲ̫ġ
Ҫһ㣬ϴξ𣬶ľԼʸλƵ֮飬ʱҲڰļƻɵжţȻʱûʲôЧò̫ʱ䣬Կһˡ
֮⣬УϧԷ˫ƴӶݵĺˣ
û´ĻӦþǸ飡ˣҷԶԶҪȱ࣬£ѪҪռĿҲήͺܹܶ࣬˶õһЩʱ䡣
ԣʱ˵Ӧǰȫġ
գصĺɽС
ɱؽžƺ«˹طرǵȺڴˡ
үðʲô
񽣲ʵòʲôҪҪȥɣ
ȷҪҲȷйأ
ͷЦ㿴ӣǲǾǰһˣ⼸죬ӦҲע⵽˰ɣ
Ű
񽣺ʵĵͷʵȰǿ
Ǻ񣡡
ǺһЦڿѾʥ۷壬ʥأǸ˲ֹһ㣡
ʥأ۷壿
۾һģ֡
ôţ
طٺһЦ˲ǽʥ۷ȫƱݺݵسѹȥÿ񽣲˺üûһƨڵϡ
񻯣
ȻһƺߣϽʢͬʱѸٱ󣬾ǺԥóѪ񻯣һǿطѹסԵ̫Ǳ
ʥأסʥ۷֮˵ȫƱ
棬˵ȥû˻Űɣ
ڣȴˣҲԿʱȻԾʥأ񻯵ȴ˲٣Ҳ쿴Ĳͷ
ˣӣ
˰֣طԶʱڿҲͬʱ˿״̬
ৡ
һһתȴ̴յǰЦүǲа취ðҲ
ô˵û𣿡Ʋ
ţ
ⲻ͵ˣ
˫һ̯񽣶ʱ۾Ź⣬аʲôү˵˵

ʼ磬жʱһɫξ壬ԼҵĴԵĳ׻龧
ү˵ˣţóʲôѵðͷ˵
ҵģ
۾һɣÿӣƳƳ죬׻龧εĵԴ
⻹࣬ȥ
ƲƲ죬׻龧һͷ·һֵֺܲǮƵģѪɽڳĻǴ˿ٶ۾̰ͨɣ
Ժⶫ͹ˣ
ۣڴȥǱߣǱߵʱרգſܲٴͻƵʥأ
ãһŬطԥӦ
񽣣ȴĲԸҲֻܹԹԵͷ
ܿ죬Ķ£Ǵ˿ռͨһУʱ뿪ˡ

ɣ
ռУ컷һΧô徲ĻҸǷֱһ磬ֹţר񽣣ʲôʱĽ׻龧ˣʲôʱܳȥ
үɣ
ˣŴ͡
㲻ԣ
һаЦÿ񽣲һæӲҶԡ
ţһܿΧ硣
ÿһķΧܹ㣬ǧƽ֮࣬Ϊ˱֤ڵΪ˵٣컹רŲһ
漴Խ翪ʼ䶢һȻʼԳ׻龧յΣ뿪
Ͼȥݷһ̣ôҲ˵ȥģοѪ粣ѾΪʦȥʱ˵Ѿһµʱˡ
ţڵİ£ҲȻ˲

ôúȣȰ
ϥڽУ׻龧ͷϷɢһɫĹâȫȫ֣ҪģȴǴ˿̵Ŀ񽣣ͨ巺죬һŴĲС
˿ĻȻֿᷢ񽣵ð̣ܸһĲӿͨ׻龧ĳ⾫ѭ󲻶ϵע뵽ڣͳ׻龧ƽһַ·𱾾͸һһ
ҲΪˣÿ񽣴ڵĸоһȣһַ·ҪйѪҺȵȶȫ¾һơ
֮⣬оǿڵڲϵţĵ
˵ǰ񽣵ĵСϪĻôڳһӲϱ仯ɵͬڲӣŨȷҲԽ˺ܶܶࡣ
򵥵˵һ仰ʵˣ
⣬ҲŲȥʱѣ

Ȼ䣬̲סһʹ˫ƶʱɫ໥Ƶľâһ㡣
ɲǣϵֻˣԭӿѵҲ𽥵ƽ

վ񽣻һ壬ŤŤӶȫĹһ̶죬Ҫģȴǿ񽣵ĸӾȻٴγһЩ
ɣ
һУͷϣưһЩ׻龧ֱӷɵУ漴ʧֻγһӡǣȫǳ׻龧С档
ʥ۷壿
üԼʵһֶѣȻѰˣܹôʱУʥ۷壬϶ʮֵ˷ܣϾʥԺûлԵ򲻹Ļһ꣬û˿ǾԺ顣
ɶڿ˵뵽֮ǰеϣڴȴףԼԶԶûдﵽҪ
ѵʲôطòԣ
񽣽üͷνǰ˼⡣
ǳ׻龧ӡǣ񽣴˿벻ʲô𰸡
𣿡
ʱȻ
һ̧ͷ컺ԣЦүôֱ࣬ر𰡣Īǣûȫ׻龧
˵䣬񽣳ſʾһ¡
΢΢һЦô򵥱㳹ǻϡ𣿡


1728 ʥأ򴫳м
Ļ񽣶ʱ۾һ˷ܲѵʵҪô
ܼ򵥣
ʼ磬ֱǽΧĽ糷Уֻܻһ䣬֮ǰڵɽˮȫֱͬһƬɫĿռС
ҲĻ
񽣲ǵһνÿһνоǿѹȻҲȻ⡣
֮ӿӣȫԸʵ˴ȥһֽ޷ƥеĸоǿҲһκζֵ˼
үʲôѲɣ
˵ŻʱȴǺɫһ䣬æͷȥ
ǳ׻龧ӡǵƣǺȻͨǳ׻龧ӡǸɢɫĹâڲϵţֻڲĹ򣬱Ѿ˿Χ
ү⡭ô°
񽣾첻ѣʵ
ô֪
ûķһۣûΣյľͶˣʲô㲻ʵôܼڣ
ڣ
Ļ񽣵ɲѣǰҪô
û´Ļ϶ܿͻˣ
ааһЦ˫ֻǰٶԣγ΢˿һЩ
ү
죬һ̵˲䣬ǳ׻龧ܿƵɳΧɫâУֱٴηɵ˿ͷϿա
ɲǼ䣬񽣱ǽ뵽һּΪ״̬˫˲΢΢պϣ˺ܿȻһͬɮ붨ƽ̬쿴΢΢Щ
˵ʵڵģϴطǸһѣڿȴеһ顣
˵ǰĻȴ뿪Ҫȥһ˶ľͻʸ塣
󴫳ӵеĺаطӵеıӰľģӵеĳ׻龧⣬Ҳֻʣ¶ľıˮ壬ԼʸĽˡ
ſȻ붨״̬΢΢һЦȴҲǻ˫ۣʼԼĻ
ȻͬʱҲֳ˲ʱ̹עſ񽣵Σܲÿ񽣷ʲôΣհɣһвԣҲܹʱӦ
֮Σȴ˵ˡ
ܵ˻Ӱ죬׻龧ɢ˽֮ŨĻɫâ񽣴˿ȫѾէһͷ·һƵģԾ޾Ļ棬ҪģϵƣۿɼٶȲš
άɲһɵ顣
Ȼ״̬ȴɲϵתľæָĲ֪ܼܲ
ϴطͬط統֮ΣӰľʹط֮䴴˸εĹطʵܹԿﵽʥ۷塣
Ǹʱ첢δó
ڿʼֻʥ۷壬ﵽطĽ׶ΣҲֻ̼򻹲֪Ҫȵʲôʱء
ԣڵ˵ǱҪάҲ֮ϴθ

תۣʱȥ
ǲǻͣΧŵҲǱ壬ٲȻӦѾǴﵽĳּޣ
ʹ죡ʹ죡
ûϣ˫ۺ󣬱Цѣֱ˷ܵ˼㡣
ԭĿ񽣾Ǵʥ۷ͻƵʥأطʥ۷廹Ҫǿһߡ
Ȼʥ׶˵ֿССһߣʵҲǺܴġ
˵񽣱Ѫˣ
һ񻯣ſ񽣱ؽΪµһˣʥ۷˶Ķ֣
Ҳѹֿ񽣻˷ˡ
˵̫磡
쵭ĻȻÿ񽣱һ㵣ôˣүѵҪʲô
ŵ
ŵʱطΣ䣬ܵռкȻһɫĹâڿЩ㵵£ֱǳ׻龧ںһǱȭͷСĳ׻龧ҲǻֻڼĹ򣬱ֳһؼĻԾţԭƽһЩΧٴαڶޱȿֲȡ
ΣȴǺϴطĲࡣϴǱӰľһСѣ
ȻҲǺʹִĲͬйأ
ڴʱȴɫָƽ֮ǰطһ㣬ٲȻ뵽һ붨״̬
ΧƣͷϿɳ׻龧ֳĻ棬ҲǲϵԾţټ֮Եĸоϴһ㣬ʼԼ׻龧֮γѭԿȴûκӰ죬΢һЩ֮ǰֲ²⣬ҲԽĿ϶
֮ǰһ㡭
ȻԵʮ̰֡ԡķ֮һĳ׻龧գʣµķ֮ͨһ֮֮γɵѭ·ڣÿ񽣴ʱֶ״̬Խ
Ӱľĺͳ׻龧ķ֮һⶼ㣡
Цһ£εѵҪȥˮ嶼ùԳԣ
˴εĿЦ
ʱһһĹȥϴطĵʱ࣬ŹȥʱΪĶɫ׵ʱ򣬿ͷϷĳ׻龧ǻһڣܵһҲڴ˿ƽ
ү
񽣻ۣڰ׷˫ȴǷ˻ɫľâ̺ԾĻһ㡣
оô
Լι뼸ŵҩɵʵ
ܺãǳã
ȭ˼£ЦүղŶˣȻȻһм
ţ
ͷƽ˫Գּ
զֱ飿
ͷŶ֪ˣǲǷҲͰһ
ˣǲ⼸п򴫳мۣ۾һ˵
ʱĶƽʱִ֣
ޣݿٺʲˣ
ĴмʲôЦЦʵ
ٺ١
һЦΪүһ㶼أ
ϻ
״ʱû̧ڿԴһ¡
ү𣿡񽣻Χ򣬵
˵أ
һۣ漴ǽϾ֮ǰάѾķ̫ԪɿʩչмĻҪֱŪˡ
ܿ죬֮ǰڵĵطܵһжûκα仯
ԶطڽбĿţڿ񽣴ʱͺ˽⡣
үʼˣ
񽣻һΧʵ
ţ
ͷҲٶԣ˲ڿնһٵĹȴΧƳɫཻĹâʥصƺķӿ·ɽڲϲ
۾ĿţΨִһ㡣


1729 ڤ⹫˷ܣ
ſ񽣵գĿҲһֱϣоɢֲֿƣҲǲֳһĨΪĵЦݡ
ܿ죬ڿһֵɲǼ䣬кȻһɫĳ͵϶żΪֲĻ棬·ܿռ䶼ܲסƵĽϢӣô˿ǿΧĿռ䶼𽥱һɫâ⣬¶ȸȲѡ
վ·죬һµĸо
ڿ񽣣ƻսһ㣬£˲ֱӵϣ
ģˣ
ͻأɫ˲䣬æӡطΧĽٴ˺ü磡
ϾϴطʩչǴмӰ콣ʱ͸ܹǲСĵĻ粻ᱻƵ˭ұ֤еطʲôӰ죿
ʱոհѽ粼ɵɲǼ䣬񽣵ȻͷϷлص𡭡
мڤ
ɲǼ䣬񽣸߾˫֣Ǳ浶˲伱ٱȻһʿ׳ľ޴âֲĻԿΪĳܼűÿһ
ৡ
ƿ֮âռ䶼Ŀռѷ첻ӿ֣ƬضȫΪ˻£ֲӣһּΪֲϢɢ
һ̣첻Щɫ䣡
֮ϴطʩչǱӰ콣ʱȴǸҪǿ˲١
ȷ񽣱Ҫ΢߳طһЩʵйأȴҲףԱҪľԵĹߣ
֮У˽֮⣬ҲǻԵĹǿˣ
һ㣬ӹɣ
ȻһɲǼ䣬ȴɫȻ˲䡣
ã
УЩ·ĻȻӴֲֲֿУЩֲﾹۿɼٶȱȼ˷ӡ
񽣣ͣ£
켱æ
˷ܵˣȴ˴˿ڵĵط
һܻ֣ɽᱻ
˵һˣѾȼ˺ܶطڿԪĹУЩ޼ɵһķӣ췴ӦʱѾӵ˷Բ֮ڡ
ɽϿգ̲𣬿ֲ˼ֱ֣γһƬ£ҪȼյķΧڲϵš
ˣ
Ҳɫ䣬æתԪҪ
ʱһӰԶٶҪ췴𣿡
̡
ˣʱӣЦѡ
ڱԺн̵ûȻоߵ״̶粼ٷ˹
ɽҰڲӵĻ棬ǿЦá
ˣ񽣣Ҳ
û̧ͷóһ󳯿˵һӡһָӶγһȦȦˮƵĳЩȥ
үǲǴˣ
صߣͷڨЦʵ
ͬʱĿһڣԵüΪΡ
ã
ЦѣҲûٶ˵ʲô
ߣ
ʱڵһȫĲҶԡ
ǰһУȴͿ񽣿Ŀࡣ
ָӶһˮƣ·һֿƵӴĻ涼˲ȫֻ±ȼչЩɫۼԼŹֵζ
ʵ
̲סһ
Ҫ֪мʩչóȫټֻǿÿΪʵû룬ȻᱻɵĽ
ȻⷽҲȷԿʵ֮ǿ٣
ӺлȫʧǷԲǧ֮ڵһֲҲˣֻһͺͺĵ棬Ϳ񽣶һۣɵÿЦһ¡
СӣҪ찡
˫ֲ˵۵ҪüʱһƬɽǲǶҪǸȫŪˣ
̣֪ˣͷԹϴ֮ǰû뵽
ߣⶼˣ
ûʳָͷϵ˵㣬ЦҲǣҪǻ˸ôţҲƤ
ٺ١֪ˣ
ڨڨһЦǰһƨĳ
ҲˣеĻҪǮƵѿڶ
˿ǣ˵Ļ»֪Ҫأ
ˣû´˹
ţǱ֤֤´ˣ
⻹࣡
һ֣ˣȻȥˣ
ºڵ֮ԭʧº²ѵ񽣣Ƕ
ط磬˿ڽûܵκӰ죬ÿ񽣿ֱ죡

ʲô˵ģ
ľУڴ봫м⹫ľƶʱȵվǻɡ
˵ǱˮڶľѾ֪ˣɴûй˵ִм֣˵ôٵʵˡ
ô⹫ҵĻţ
ǺһЦָԵĿ񽣺ط⹫ŵĻǾˣȥҸضǸʩչһδм
ãţ
ľӦһкſ񽣺طһͬ뿪Ӽֱż˼㡣
ǺһЦŲ裬˿ûнľƵ̬ȡ
֪⹫ⲻǲֻǲţ
Ͼ飬Ļ˭أԼҲɣ
طĵһΣԼ񽣵ĵڶΣյȷҲڴ̵ռ뿪󣬱㲻ֱͣľڡ
ʮӺ󣬶ľƻˣɸſ񽣺ط硣
𾪣˷ܣ𺳡
ȵȵı飬ڶľϽ֣һ㡣

֮Уľƿ첽ߵǰֱӰס˫磬̫ˣִмǶԸѪµĳɹֻϲ٣
⹫侲һ£
оżϴ첻Цһ¡
ֲҷΨԼ˼⹫̫Тˣ
ȿȡ˼ʵ̫ˣ
ľڨڨһЦɿļֱ£Ȳĵô죿ֱȥǱˮ𣿡
Ȼô򵥣
ҡҡͷ˵ӺͿܹ֮õϿɣҹΪֻʣˣľڶ࣬մѪҲв٣Ҫһʵˣܰ⹫ƽϲȥ
ã֪
ľƵͷֵɵʲô˲ʣ
Ҫɡ
Ƭ̣ñˮԼѡ⹫ȥһ£Ҹ˺ͱˮнӴֻҪԹۼɣһ˵õ˱ˮϿɣұʵ򴫳м
ã
һۣľһӦô죡ȵȣȥţ
˵꣬ľû˵ĻᣬȲĿ첽ȥ


1730 ľʸ
ΪľĴˮĴڳ˼֮⣬ҲֻΪļ֪Ȼ̫ϳϣҲ̫⹫ľҲһ
һֱˮ嶼һʮεĵططֻм
Ľ£ľһڣжľѪ˶һ𣬲ͨĳֶΣÿһ˶ܹӽˮ֮ڡ
˵ǾԼԵģзҪˣôضͻ
ֱǱˮ屾ĳ
ȻһֱϣûͶľ֣ü˶ЩʧЩľټǸ㲻׼⵽ҪЩʲô
ĪЩһʣôܣľƿЦãԭеļȴҲɢ١
ЦҡҡͷȻҲЩʧ
Ҫ
Ȼ䣬ľ۾һҪȥԿ
ң
һȴǼΪָԼ
԰үȥԣ
һҲжľѪ˵Ŀԣ
ԣ԰ɣطҲ֮ͷ
ˣЦˣ
ĵԱˮӦĻܵȵڣҵʵѵָӦ
ҲŶ
Ļһʧ
ľε죬ֿ˿ԶЩǣɵ̾һѵǶľûһʵ𣿡
⹫һ˶컷ˣʵ
ǰԣ
ľƵͷȴֺҡͷ˵粻ڣ橻ȥˣ
磬ʰɣ˼ŵ
𣿡
ľЩɡ
Ǻǣ£ңҲҪ֪ͨʸүүǱߵģھɩӻ߲ˣȥһ˻ʸ壡˵
ã
ľƵͷŲԶЩˣɵǡ
ɢ˰ɣ齲һԵ֣ǿģûлԵĻһʮ꣬ɹ˵
漴ľҲԣԳͷˮɢȥȥϵһ»ʸǱߣסĵطҲģϾҲǶľ֮ˣ
ûеĵλ˭ҲСڶľ֮УһԼרԺ䣡
ƽû˾סճЩ˴ɨģʱסõĻûסĵط

ڶһ磬ʸ˱ˡ
ʸԴӣ߻ŻʸϻʸïԼľʸСڣҪģȴлʸܷܷħŮԼƽ
ò˵ƽĵȷû뵽ġ
ϾˣҰջʸԣӵ˶ľƵĴţڴϢ𾪣뵽ɫ޲̴ֱ˲ƹ
ܣڿɲ˰
δĶľڻʸͶľƺѵʱ򣬱Ǿֱߵǰļ򣬼Ϊ̾ĵ
ǺǣЦأ
ЦЦɩӻʸ橴һкֵ磬ɩӣǲǸøֶֶŮˣˣɩӣǲǷ治а
Сӣ˵ʲôأ˭ˣ
ľһ⻰ʱɴ˫ۡ˭ԼЩأ
ǻʸһ죬Ϊɬ
ڻʸܷܷ˵ʸȴһˮӣ治֪ǴСôģȻò࣬Ըر
ˣЦˣ
ŶľԼȭӣ첻һЦæ˫ֱȭһĵӣΧǿĲһݸ
ʵݵλ˳֮⣬Ҳֻܹˡ
£ʸȲʵ⹫˵Щɶģ
Ȼģ
ͷЦп񽣺ͷ֤أڵʵʥأ˼Ŷ
ҲͲ˵ˣط磬ҲǾϴռԺ󣬳ɹͻѾͿһʥصʵ磡
ʥء
Ļ˵Ŀⶼȥϵõƽǰǵĸ첲ȫ𾪡
ǻʲôǿȥǱ԰ɣȻٻȥǼǱߣʸæߴٵ
˵ʸϵܣ׼Ʒأ
ľȻҲЩļ˿̼ʸģȴǲЦ
˭˵Ʒˣ˵𡭡
ʸûһۣľҲ漴ЦܿģҲûٶ˵ʲôڶľƵĴ뿪˻Ǳˮڵķȥ
ţ
ȻԽԽʱ򣬶ľüͷ΢壬Ȼͣ
磬ôˣʸ橵һֶľĲԾǹĵʵ
ûֻǡ
ľҡҡͷҪ׼˵ʲôʱȴǺһָǰķ򣬵жںң
ָķҲǱˮڡ
ĸӦˣľƼΪĵ
ţ
ľͷΪĵָо֣ǰûйңҲֹһεߣûӵĸо
ɣ硭
˳һ˼ߣٻķȥǾţ
ܡ
ʸһЩˣ¾¶ľ¡
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橣ܵģүүǾң
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ƽ·֮ʱ״̬˿̶ľĲƺԵԽԽ٣ҲԵԽԽǰٶԽ˲١
ͣԭأŶľıӰһĶûٿ˵
ҵĿⶼڶľûƿ˻ʸƺͻʸļ֮⣬ǻʸ橵ȴǸֳһĨŨŨĵǡ
ΪľķˣעԼɷİΣ
ܹɹ𣿡ľƵʵ
Ҳ֪綼еĻǡ
ҡҡͷ漴Цһ»ص
û˵꣬˼Ҷ
ϾڶľһУϣҲֻǶľˣҲֻжľһûгԹ
òϣľܹĸӦɹʵȷǺܴģӦòôʧǡ
ʸ죬Сǰһж˿˿ˮ޲һ˫ŵڶľϣƬ̶ûƿ
ʱ˿̣Ŷľǰ˰ԽԽҵıҲ֮˲٣΢Ψֻᾪŵ˶ľһ㣬һֵĻʸܷܷԵüΪɡ
Σ쿴ĿЦá


1731 ˵𺳣ٻʸ壡
쿴磡
˵ĽŹעУŹȥķӺ󣬺Ȼֻƽһ
漴ұôǿѰͱ϶ȻӿֳˮɫĹâֻһգۼĹ򣬱ǽľľĽŲҲȻͣ¡
Ȼ֮ԶȴɿʮĿ˿̶ľ˫۾΢΢ȥƽ޲վǶܿռΪһƵġ
硭
һΣʸ橶ʱЩˣҪȥ
橣ȥ
ʸʱסڹȥһӰ죡
ǰɩӣİɣ粻µģ
Ҳ֮οʸܷܷȴǹɵĹڻʸߣץַ·ڸ㰲οһ
òϣжʱûĻʸܷܷȷǱŮ˺ܶࡣҲƽ֮䰮Եʰɡ
ȷԸıһˣ
̫˵עˣ
컷ΧĻ΢΢ü
⹫
΢һٺ쳯ľԵΧһ磬⣬⹫һ£Ҫ˹磡
ã
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磬һԸһдţһȴⲿγͨýڵĴ
ʵԽԽɲˣ
ʸЩɵø̾
һʱ㳢ȥӴһ磬ֲöʥصʵûаͻơ
֮ǵ˵Ļµ⼸ȫڴˡ
ǺǣǣҲ˭
ʸľʱüԵüΪ˷ܡ
㻹˼˵
ʸûЦ⵱⹫Ļ˶ãжҿǼǵãЩ˻˼ض֮ĸ飬԰ɣ
úϻ
ľɫһΡ
ȷˣҺҲʱأȻĻΣľƿԼ
˵ҪЩʲôʸЦЦʵ
˵
ڰ֣绹ûõˮϿɣӦòԶˣҿͷϣɫĹâǱˮˡ
ĻҶٶԡ
һľ۾жֳ˼ڴϣ
תۣʱȥ
ڶľͷϿյıˮȻһâֱû˶ľڣŶľ˲ڿնΪıӿ˸ƻһƵģϽЩ壬ԭʥصƱۿɼٶš
⡭
ǰΣڳ֮˿𺳲ѣһȵĶ֪˵ʲôˡ
²ֻһε죬Щ𺳡
Ȼ磡
ۣϲĵٵһұȥһ֮
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֮ǰͨľǶһŵ˽⡣
Ҳٶԣţʱ˿̻ЩŵգΨֶľʧһ
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ܿ죬һʱȥӿ𽥱ľȫգľʵ˿ҲǷʥأִĿڳǸǾ첻ѡ
λڴԺ򣡡
۾һУ˵һ󣬱Ӽ˶ľԣ֮ӿӣգ۱ȻͷųѶľ׵ڡ
ʱǲԶļֻͶľʧǵߵУһЩ
үүܺǡ
ʸԽЩˡ
橣ûµģɵģ
ľԵ˵Ҫ봫Ϊһ壬ͬʱĴмͱҪǾŰɣǳʱ϶Ѿɹˣ
š
ʸףеĵȴɲ١Ͼʱδ֪ĶߴδĲ˵ĵģ
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ңͻƼֱѲѣʥ۷֮˲ƫƫôأ
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ʱһһĹȥھĵȴ֮࣬ȴ໥ΧŸ˵һЩƽ⼸óô˻ᣬԼ಻ײĵطһһ˵öľƺͻʸһ⣬Ҳջ
ǰǻʸʸܷܷȴǲվţʸеĵ֮ɫʱĲŶԽԽŨǰգϵֽûмٹ
ܿɫʱȥȻǰһռӣͶľ˵οٸ˳
ৡ
һɲǼ䣬˶ֹͣ˵ͬʱȥ
硭
ʸ橵Ȳˣɿʸܷܷ֣첽ܵ˶ľǰŲѡ
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үүҳɹˣ
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Ҷʱ֣ͬҲΪľе
ڵʵʥأȴѾʥ۷壡

򣬻ʸС
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ɲǻʸ壡
ҺʦʦϵܺãҪǲǵ˳ɹĻҿɾȥǸ״˹
Դۼʶ˶ľĿԼΪˮǹĴмĿֲ󣬻ʸȲĵϣ˲˻ʸ壬ͬʱһ·ϲϵĽڣÿЦãֻ֤һŬ
ȻǰǻʸҲҪ˱ǵĴѡвС
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ʲôʸүүϢһٿʼ
ŻʸǼӣЦάܺķԪ;ģôżĿʼʧʻܸߣ
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ã
ЦãżҴ뿪Ļʸоյ⹫ľƲ࣬Ҳֻεҡͷ


1732 ˫ӴУ
հһʱôȥ
ȻڻʸĳطܵһкƾһսƵģǲаܡǿӿݣԲ֮ھһõĵط
죬ʸʸ橣ʸܷܷľԼƽټϿ񽣺طܹĿɿڴǰһУֱš
ֹ֮طʩչıӰ콣Ҫֲࡣ
찡㣬Ū𣿡
ܣʸܷܷѣŻʸ橵֣ʵ

ʸҲǲ֪ô˵á
Լֿ֣˿Լãеļ˵
Ļ£Ůͬʱܵ˻ʸ崫Ͽɣ˵Ϊ˫ӴС
ƽȻʸ橺ͻʸܷܷãҲ໥ʮĬõϿɣ˫Ӵ֮֮ٲȻѾһָΪϵܾԶܹ׶Է⣬֮˵ӵ˲١
Ȼ춼˫Ӵгֵľԭ򣬵ȻΪʵʩչмʱ乥ǿ˲٣˵⼸Ĵ󴫳мΪǿһ
үү
֮ܵʸǰԵüΪ˷ܡ
ۣ̫ˣ
ʸǿĵĵͷǽľɼض֮ǰүүڵĻ˴ʧˣû뵽Ȼͬʱܵ˽ϿɣԺ󰡣ǻʸҪˣ
ţ
˻ʸĻͬʱףʮּᶨ
磬֪⵽ô𣿡ƽײײļ򣬺ֵʵ
һ㲻
ҲǿЦѵҡҡͷ
˫ӴУĻ˭ţ
ȴЩ̫ĵطǾǻʸ橺ͻʸܷܷõʵ
ڶʥ۷壬Ȼʩչмʱ򣬻ҲֻǹֵͬʱŻеģƽҲֻʥ۷塣
Ͼö˸ԵļͥҲһĳЩ˷һ㣬ҪԸǵĻһѡƣôǵΣȴҪطǼ˶߳١
ȻҲ뵽һ㣬Ϸ׷ײɵ¶Щεɫ
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У
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ʸܷܷЦҪһ㣬ҺͽȻͬʥ۷壡ǽ˭ͻƣһҲܹ˳Ŷ
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ҾǾȵĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
˫ӴУȷǸ̫ܵľȡ

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׻龧Ϊڤ֮ͷ
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Ŀʱаϡ
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˵Ҳûԥаڡ

˶ʱһ໥УǷǸеĹŹ֮ɫ
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ʸҡͷü΢ĵںаֵʱ˽ĲҪĤݵĳ嶯ͺ񣬺ǡ
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ʸܷܷͷ˵磬аҵĴôҵĸоѹƣҪĤ֮⣬û취˼
񽣺طȻûпڣǵıȴ˵һˡ
ô֣
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ʸܷܷںа֮Ҷκζֵ˼񲻹ôܵȫѹƣˣԪתͣ˲٣
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Ȼ۷ĸ߲ξʲôû֪


1733 ʦǵجu
պصء
ͬеĳ˿񽣣ط֮⣬Ȼжľʸ橣ƽʸܷܷСޡ
ջʸ˵Ҫúָָһ£ϾֿʵȻʮȹ̣ҪԼõָʹ㽫ԵУҲû취ӳǿĹ
ĳͷǸ˿ɳ֮
ԴˣҲûзԡ
ͬʱ⹫ľƴ˵һ󣬱öľͻʸҲһС
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Σνġʦţڸˡ¾Ľ̵ָôҲҪԼ
صк˰ǰ˼Ժ䣬ϾΧרԺɣҲʱܹעǵΪ˲Ӱ죬˵ΪӰ쵽ˣǼԺΧԲ󷨽硭
ӡ֮⣬κ߶޷⼸ԺڲӰ졣
źһУȲȥһԺ䡣
ҲǸĸסĵط
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
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ЦЦֲζ߲ĻôǶֻȫڴϣ
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ˣ
ȻĪˮȴҡͷļ󣬵Һʦǹ㣬ȻҪȥʦˣ

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һЦɩڻˣҾǵǱסŻ͸ڵĺӲãҪȥģǱ߱ѪռˣԲŹ㣬ȻҸﻨĵطݾӣɩܹ˳
ǺõİҪһҸҸط֤⣡
һЦȴǺɫ΢ˣϸ磬Ҳɩ֮ǰסڼ֮ذɣ
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ͷЩ΢
֪ϸڼ֮Ǳûзһޣͨ񣬻ı󸣡æʵ
󸡭
⻰δ̻ش𣬶ɫŹֵԺجuһֺۣܿ쿴죬ԾɹŹֵ˼㡣
˵ϸ磬ɩӣʲô
Цãûз֣Ǳдãҡ
ֵܡ
û˵꣬ǻִϣĽĿ죬ֱֵ̾ܰϸҶò㣬д˵˰


1734 ָͷӵ
ˣң
ǸĽӣ첻ϸ磬Ǻ⣿
ֵܣι׼һ
ϻ˵ĺجu΢΢һЦһ㲻һϲʵҲˣֲܽ㣡
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Ϸ֮ɫȻһ
͵۾ϷʵԼЦɩӺجu쵱˵áòǸѩɣ
Լȥ
ЦЦ漴кȻһɫУƣһֱܵ¶½˲٣춼һ
⣬ǡ
ȻѾ˼ȷ˿̽ӹеʱ򣬻żֵļڴֶЩ

ӣЦŵ
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Уæ˵ˣҸǰһط𣿡
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ڰ֣漴Ҳûж˵ʲôźجuʵ뿪ˡ
⡭
뿪ıӰЦõҡҡͷ漴ǼҴҵĻصУõѩĺϢȲĸ˴ңҲԺеļ˷׷ɫпѡ
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ллˣ
ޱĵ
ô˵ɾˣҲۣٺ١Ц
ǣãǶһˣαô
ľҲ֮Ŀⴥѩʱȴǲüͷ΢壬ʦѩǲѾûˣ
ͨĹɫһ֪о綾
ĵҲûеڴ˿ĻڣҲ׷׽עתƵѩϡ
Ǻǣ˵ĻôѩôܳΪأ
˵䣬ĪˮЦЦǽУԵѩһԣΪ˽ⶾ֮Խһָôصľ綾֮󶼿ȫʱȻٴʹã
ô桭
ĪˮĻҾǾȲѣ׷׳ȥ
ģ
켤ĵѩɫҪȸղ΢һ㣡
ɫȫɢȥͿٴʹãȻʱڰ£ĪˮЦ
̫ˣ޵
ȥպðɣ
ĪˮУݵУסҪúñܣ⣬пܵĻÿ㶼Ҫȥһ˼֮أѩܹձѩⶾ
ã
ͷС봢ָС
ĻָΪ⼸ʱг˹Ǵ⣬Ϊĵˡ
ϣ컹׼һЩ⣬Ҳ˲ٵζȣء
ĪˮͼõλʦڴҵҲԵüΪҡ

ڶոճԹ緹ãĪˮһŹֵĿ죬δ˵
ʱӣЦʦʲôʲô𣿡
Сӣҿ㵽жˣ
ĪˮûĵСӻõòˣ

Īˮ⻰ֻ죬ĸǶǼΪ棬Īˮʲô˼
ȥʦӽɣĪˮŬŬ죬Ϊʲôһô˵ܿͻˣ
ͷˣ
һҲûж˵ʲôģȥ棬ϹԶ˽
ȻϹԶ֪ʲôֶΣϴһȷֱӽͬҲȫǰչġ
ϹԶȻһѡ
ѹϹԱȻӸһУСӣ㣡
ʲô
ӹȥֵıһȻһĵͷӣòңҲѩɣ
ţ
ĻҵıҲǹŹֲѡ
ϹԶЩ죬ʲô˼ʲôҲʦ˵ģ㼱ҲźĪ飬쫷ؿиùģ

ЦãҲһݸ
ڣĪˮղ˵˼
ôѵһѩ󸣬Ȼֻ
ʲô飿
ϹԶŹֵʵĪˮǺܿߵߣ齲˳ŪϹԶҲǿЦã֪ҺαشӦĪǼһӣҿǿˣ˰


1735 ˹ľ
ʱϹԶǲϵҡͷԣ̾ôҿһЦ
˰ͣ
ĪˮЩ죬ֱϹԶһ£ѾˣѲ㻹ûȥ
ûȥʲô
ϹԶ۾һģûȥĻǱĪǼһ
ٺ١ͷӣҾͲˣ
һ죬ǿûһֻѩһۣͽԼպá
Сӣ㣬㡭
ϹԶĴӵۣȴһΪɪӡ
òʦͽ֮ӵദ̬ȣ˿ûκα仯ȻҲ˵ǹϵ֮ãȷǳˡ
ϹԶҲڵõĪˮ֮󣬱ֱӴѩ˹˵ӦĪɽĪүһ֪ʲôأ
Ȼϲ˵ȴޱȵĸм
ˣȻˣҾˣ
ϹԶǱ黹ܶ࣡λǣ
Ҳһɣ
Īˮ뼧õҲ֮
ǴӻԪ½ĿľǺϹԶžۣʱҲһ뿪
ʦȵȡ
Ľסǣ漴ߵĪˮǰղϹԶø˳ʦֻѩȥɣ
ǡ
Īˮûӣüͷ΢塣
ûб˼ѩԽ򶾣
켱æܹоҲ϶кܴİѾһֻˣٶҲûôģ
⡭ðɣ
Īˮԥһ£ջǵͷ漴ȴֵֻøҰɣûù£һȻأ
ã
ͷܿǻһУݵĪˮС
ˣˣ
պУĪˮʲôõĻֱϵңԺӦöˣ
ţõģ֪ˣͷʾס
漴һϹԶĪˮԼõͳأ˲뿪»

תۣǼʱȥ
Щ޿ռеѾȥһµʱ䡣
һǸ޿ռе촫ţټ׼뿪޿ռдһռͨôҰմɵ뿪»صɽС
磡
ټ죬ǵ˶ԵüΪޱĸ첲ϷʵȫӶ
򵥵İһ£ôҶȻغúգ֮󽫻ھϡ
ȻܿǼҲˣΨһֱߣֱĻصרԺС
ǼŮǿĲѣһֱԼ綼ԹԵڼУӭĹ
ȥϴ֮Ը׼ķѾŪˣһµúõһζ͡
󣬴һ𣬵֪ϢľԼҲ˹
Ʒ΢ĴҶԵüΪ⡣
Σ
һڲ裬ЦŵǾŸӦø˰ɣңҿʵʥأջҲǲưɣ
ȷܺã
ЦֻǾŸ˵ĽҲǺܴģʮ֮ϵΪҲ˺ܶ࣡ҾͲ̫ˣϾö֮ħ֮ϣҲǸ⺺
Ӧ˵ԼŮĪеˣϷʵЦ
ߣ㣬磡
ƲƲ죬ͷǼЦţЦá
ˣҲǷ׷ѯ޿ռеľ丸ĸǸǹĲѣ͵ʲôΣա
Ҳ룬Ʋʱ۲⵽޿ռڵһвᣬȻΣʲô
ΣҲǵĹģΪжͲû¸жˮˡ

󾺼Уվڸ̨ϣŭݣԼԨλټһվ࣬ȻԾΪ
·μķֳ󲿷֡
ǰһö֮мħ֮ұȻ࣬ﵽ˶ʮ˵֮ˣ
һ֮ǰ˵ڵЩһ仯󣬷·϶ŵƺɱһ㡣
ǰˮеĻ䣬ôһݷħޡ
ֱ仯֮󣬾Բм򵥵ıչֵܹģ
˵ڵǣһ棬ÿһԳƵҾ
ңķ֣˶ѾԪ۷壬ͻʥҲֻһ֮ң
ȻҶȻֻһһȴ֪ס˶ˣ
ۣһͷ漴ȴܿ˦˦ͷ뷨ʱѹĵס
һһµҺ⣡ţһµļǽضмİ
һȻݣ΢һٺżûһ˴ﵽʥԽҪӿ̿
öħ󷨣ҪʵΪ̣
ڰ֣쵭ԵЩҾͲټ׸ˣ룬ǶӦûǵϴ˵Ļɣ
֮ȻԾɺܹصվԭδ񶼲һ䣬֮Ƿʮˡ
Ϊ˵ǣֻһӣҲֻаʮһ˲ܼһʮˣҲֻԭؽɢˡ
һʱҵԽĬദĸһƵġ
ľʹ˽ɢ»֪һжôѹء
Ҳܹ⣬ΪӢҪģ

΢΢ü
˵ʵڵģһ֮ٿЩˣĽǶ˵ʵڲϣ̭κһ
뷨
û˵꣬ԨĻû˵
ҲȻ׼뷨ͷͶһ԰󣬱ǰַԸöħƵ˿뿪ˣ
ǣ
ö֮ʮˣħ֮Ķʮ˷׷뿪ȻҲ˵Ϳ񽣶ʮ͵ħ롣
뿪֮ʱ΢ȻʲôʮּŤͷ̨ϵһۣһͬ첽Ӿ뿪ˡ
ʱƺ˲١
ʣµʮ֮ǣһĽѹƵ͵㣬Ψֻ̭֡
վļ˶ûпڣһеȫ졣
ǵȷܲҲŬҼȻ˵ȥĻ;ԲջصĿܣ
컺ԵʱЩڴĴң׷¶ʧͲ֮ɫ
ǡ
ʱȴĸĿڵȻջأȴһЩı䣡
ı䣿
ʲôı䣿
һ˾񣬷׷һ˫˫ȵĿ죬ٴθֳޱȵڴ뼤
ıܼ򵥣
һָһһµı֣ѡŸСӣγһµĴӣͬΪâСӻǾܹսʤѡСӣôڿսһɹȡ֮
һʧܣǾֻһ֮սʸ񣡡
֮ܶһʤ̭ĹʧܵȻǾӢҲõҵĴڣڸԴУҪ˲٣
ˣٴһ٣ǣ𣿡


1736 ϧȽ
𣿡
ӾȥãרԺУͿ˵ʱ⴫һ
Ȼ󣬵ȴԵüΪ
ˣħ룡
񽣹ȥŴ򿪣ʱȴǲһЦ˵ӣСôˣ
񽣴磬ϴģȳ˵
ɣ
񽣲˽ԺҲʱЦ
лл
벻ÿһˣ˵ĳ
ȻǱ֣֮Ĺϵ
ӣҸһ£
ЦЦط磬գľʸ橣ƽʸܷܷ˶ֱһ£ҲǷ׷׹̬ȼã˿ûһư֮
ִ˷ʽҲȷôʮ⣬׷ЦŻӦ
ϣ֪ںδһʵ
ǺǣҰȥˣ
Ц˵һ䣬漴ʵӣ֪Ҵ㵥ʲô𣿡
֪ʾҡҡͷ
ħ֮żΪ׿Խʣݿ˵Ѿܹʮ˳ĿӡħˣҲǣʵ
ϴ޿ռмʱֻܿӡħƣҵħܳɹȴҲΪǿ
ڲһ¹ȥܹ˳ӡħƣôħ֮ʣȷˣ֮ڻԪ½Ͻ̵Ǽ˸Ҫǿϲ١
ʱʻЩЦЦӦ԰ɣ
ŵԡ
ûжԣһóһΪͨ·ҲԼ׼ģϾʱ̫æµʱ򣬲ÿζؼһ·ĴָҲвĶ
ǣ
ԥĽ˹漴ķԸߵԱߣóԼĿ̵ʼӡħơ
磬
һ˲״̬룬ƽʵ
ţ
ףҲеͣЦӵȷܹܲħ֮ɾͣңǼ۷嶼ž޴Ĺף
Ǻǡܹ㿴Уһ治ľҲһЦŵ
ţ˵֮СһЩȴҲûἰκ⡭
תۣŹȥ˲һʱֻ·ϹâһҲ֮һ·ߵǰĵϣ뿴
ţ
ͷӹ·ϸļһ飬漴ֵݵУҲɣ
񽣺طǴյһʾºЦһµĽʮԣȻħƻ΢Щ覴ãܹôʱѾܲˣ
лϿ佱ǫĵ
ⲻǿ佱
ҡҡͷⷽʣŬĻҲȻڵĳɼ
죬·ܲҪˣ
ʱطȻ˵˼ûӦ֮ǰֱӽ·봢ָУŪ˿Цá
ֻһ·ѣҲûʲô˵ģӡħΣ
ԼطӣڼΪͬʱҲûȥ
ҪĻ˾Զ֣Ѳɻ·
ӣиҪȥ㡭
ոտ˵ȴǺȻԺű˿ӰһǰһĻ롣
ǰģȻ顣
ںǸŮӣȴǸѧϰö֮ĶʦϧȽ
ôˣ
ЦϧȽߵǰע⵽ϵɫ֮ʱɵıҲΪŹ֡
ϧȽȴЩ
ȻǶݵĸŮ֮еĵλûжߣҲ˼죬־֮Ҳһʱܹ˵ġ
ϧȽ
ӣ
ʱȴ۾һȥЩ֮֮ǰ飬Ʊ˲١
ϧȽҲЩ΢漴ȡ֮ȴϲ
ǡ
ʹҶЩ졣
ϣҺϧȽѾʶܾˣ˵ǴС÷һ𳤴ģ뼱æ͵
˵䣬۾ȴͣϧȽϣԳֽš
Ŷ
϶ʱֳһĨЦЦɫ΢΢һЦˣ˵Щˣ飬ϧȽôҴҵĹʲô𣿡
ϻûҹ㣿
鷭һۣûĵ磬ҪҰ£
˵Ц
ҲǺϧȽйأ
齫ϧȽǰ˵ϧȽѾƿʵö֮涼ˣȥ
ָ޿ռ䣿ʵ
ţ
ͷֵҿ϶߲ģԣ㰲һϧȽһȥ⣬޿ռĴһҪϧȽʲôʱÿ˾ԼҲѵȥӣ
ǺǣȻû⣡
ǺԥӦ£漴һɵǰ漴һץסֱϧȽУϧȽһĵл
ѡ
˶٣漴ӿڵһҪϤٲܴϧȽȥ̫Σյĵط
ȥ
͵վ˳
㣿
˵Ŀ⼸һӱϣղԼƺҲʧ˲٣ԾɼӭŴҵĿ⡣
ϧȽȴҲǲԳɬǲ˼Ĵͷ
֮䣬ƺе¶
ǺЦˣ΢һٺȴǵӣ˵뽻һ飬ڸ˵Ҫȥ޿ռ䣿
ϣҡ
죬ɫЩżϧȽҲǼæɫʾ⣬ʾҪٶԣҪŭǺɲܹе˵ģ
ˣ˵ˣ
ִϵȥ𣿺ãҵǼҲҪȥҰã
ϧȽڼ䣬ҪһټħÿһħҪﵽû⣿ڴ˿̱Щ
ãһϵ񣡡һҧӦ
磬ⲻΪ㡭
ȴЩˡ
һټħÿһҪﵽǡ
˵ԼȥĻû˻ỳɣſʼħ֮ãңҪ𱣻ϧȽжʱӡħƣ
飡
û˵꣬ϵаţ
ߣ
ҲǲһҲûٶ˵ʲô
ӣȻӦˣھͻȥ׼һ£һټһÿ񽣸͹ȥڰ֣
ǣϣ
빧Ӧŵܿ뿪ˡ
ϧȽҲߣ
顮޺ޡĵһ죬ϧȽֱ뿪ˣŪЦã˿ԱߵĿ񽣵ȴƿϷһ㣬һϷʵЦݣСʦûҲˣֱﵽ˼㡣


1737 ģĲԾ
飬
ϣԺĳУֺЦݵĴյǰȴֱһԴһԣƺȥһۡ
ԱѣͳŮЦϣͷߡ
ʱ˿̣ڳĻֳ֪ڶĻء
磬±͹㣡
ߵߣûĵϧȽ˼ȥҲˣȻҪڼŪһټǵħԾ۸𣡡
ҪʲôΣգΪӡħƶûоⲻȥ𣿡
ֲ鲻أҪҵĻҧ㼸ڵ˼ˣ
˵֮㼫ΪһЩ¶ӡ
ҪҧҼڣ
üëһƳΪ𣿡

ѿڶȴػعֱ˹ȥۣ磬㾹Ȼ˵ǹ
˵ϣץҧŪġ
Ȼʱȴһ죬ǰķץסȸ⵽˺üϮŪһϺúʱγˮ
Ӵʲôأ
ǵ٩ļ˼ۣҪǸɴȥµĿռ䣿
ƶ㣬˵ʲôأ
ܲסϷʣʱһѽƿһŪ÷ڵնʱ˲١
ϵҲ֮ɢһЩ
鰡ϧȽǶʦţǲ
û§סϸ˼¶ûҲͲˣǺܲĵײײţ⶯һߣǶĻشˡ
Ҳħţ̶ʱѾԿӡħˣ
ܵн˶ı仯첻΢΢һЦ̽ԵĽַĴϣڴ¶⻬żϧȽ֮Ҳ϶¶ҾһЩѹܾܲȡͻƣҪȻΪһôţ
ҪΣأ
ɫΪɶ˼֣Ҹ㣬ˣҪϧȽʲô⣬ҿôϽߣ
Ķʲô⣿
ǺһЦˣ޿ռƿߣֻҪһӡǣǷʲô飬ֻҪ붼ܹ֪ҪΣգѵ޶𣿡

⻰鲻һ¡
˵ʵڵģΪϧȽԵʣ黹һʱ֮
ôˣ
ı飬һЦһĨĹâЦô˵ûŪ
ĶУ
һĽƱ
˵ɣôңаЦǱڽ˶Ҳʼ
𡭡
һæҪѡ
ϣſ
ֻɲǼ䣬±ǳȥ󲻹˸һĶ
ӴǵȲ𣿡
ڴеͳҲͣһĻ漴ֻЦѡ
߰ɣ
ѵͨ죬Ҫ뿪
ϣ˭Ҳ߲ˣ
̧ͷ˵һ䣬ּڷвһ硣
ʵԲѺˣԶ֣ҲҪǿƳȻҲô
飬Ѿħ֣޷ѣĶ£̣Ϊڴ˿̱ü˲١
һҹĻƣԱ
ڶϣŮû𴲣쾫ȵԽϧȽ͵޿ռУŻطԸŮ׼ˣ

תʱȥ
ڼ䣬ڶϰ֮ʮ˵Ŀ飬콻˿ȥֻҪһ˱ɡ
Ҳϰ˦ƹ񣬶ܹȥ飬Բһ˼
ȻҲһִ·ʽǶԴҵľΣ
֮ʱ֣缱Ҵҵ˽ְ֣
˵䣬ûش㽫̬Ϊš
ô£
ԴĳԺ컹δԼԹŮ¶ż飬Ҳһѯʣһ罫ųȥ
һ·ϣҲ˲֮˹ʺá
׷׵ͷӦ
һֱ˲Զһ԰УָһųţȴСǸ֮ɫְ֣Ȼͳˣȥɣ
ߣš
쵽Ľһְ֡С֣Сǹġ
ȴֻ̧ۿ˿ȴֺܿõͷȥĴ۾Ứ䡭
컹δĲԾ˹ȥСѾͷԼãСѾͷְ֣߰ôˣ
ءְְ֡֡
ǼΪˣܿѾǰʪֱ顣
Ůްô£
켱æٴΰοֳȥɻ
ְ֣Ҳ֪أ
ҡͷ˵ú͵ܵĺܿأȻþͿˣ˵ǰְҪˣôοȻֻҰְ
ҲҪˣ
һȴǿЦãŮְô᲻Ҫأ
ء
ţˮ˿ûͣµ˼
磬ôˣ
ҲʱȻ첽˹컳нӹȥڻС
裬ôˣ
ûش𣬳Ʊǲᰲοһĸģ
裬ͰְֲҪҪòãòײŵȵǵģཱུСֻסƵĲӣ˵
ɵѾͷְֺô᲻Ҫأ
Ƹᣬĵ㣬ܵһǰְ۰ĺӣ
ǣǡ
ҧҧȴʲôû˵
ƺҲǼοСѾͷټԱߵȰ˵һˣѾ˵۾ټϡɼۣȴСѾͷøӿƶΪۡ
ְ֣߰ôðְֺ᲻Ҫأʵ
ⲻŪ»ȥһЩӰԲԸġ
ҲΪɻ
ΪΪ
ҧ촽Сָƽ̹ĶӣĵΪҪСܵܺСˣ
ʲô
һʱһƶһۣ󳯳Ƶĸȥǲ˼顣
ô֪ģȲʵ
ΪҲѽͷһ˵
⻰ȴЦãشʵ֮й
Ȼȴ΢΢һ΢һЩͷһڣɵӣҪסô㶼ҺְְĽᾧԶԶ᲻Ҫģ


1738 кľ
Ľᾧ
һԵĸ֣ȴǱסĴ֣ͷʵְ֣ʲôĽᾧǰĽᾧ𣿡

ʱ֪λش
ϾֻĸɶӣȻͬ׶ûʲô𣬿Ҳܶĸλðɣ
ܵܣ˵
缱æȥǶǰְֺǵĶŮȻҲһһģ
ԣ˵öԣ
ͷһѾͷһЦͬٻſ
ȻڴĵĻǳƵĶӡ
˵ƾǻˡ
֮СѾͷôĲԾΪڵСӺ󣬻ͳƶİ
ƶ㣬Ļˣ
ԾЩŵĵ
ô֪
ƷһۣһڻЦݵĵȻô˵Ϳ϶ˣ
ɣ
ЩţȴֱһŤͷ㳯԰ȥ磬ƶߣǰְһⷢ
ۣ
һЦǱϳ뿪ˣԭվ˺һϱ鸴ӲѣǼ֡
Ҫкˣ
˺һЦƵԭ˺ü¡

ϵҺ˵ƶˣģƭʲôǾͿҪүүˣ
ϣϣүүǶۣƶˣ
ӣ񽣡
ɡ
ţ췢Ƶ˵ڵ˷ܣģֱƷƵģı޷Ρ
ֻãзȥ˸Ǵ֮⣬Ǽʲô˶Ҫ˵һ̶̲յĹ򣬼ص˶֪˳ƻе顣
Ȼÿһ˶ΪеޱȸˣһףĻ˵ϵľһֱûʧ
ŮһѾܾˣ鿪ʼȻѺԽûȻǳƣһֱŬʼնûһ㻳еļЩʱǶڻɣǲԼ岻С
ڣƵĻȴǽǹȥһеĲȫƣ
˵һ飡
ҪʱŻصԼרԺС
˿̵Ժۼ˲ٵˡ
ĸ׶ľأүүԨȵȳǡ
оǿ񽣣ط磬ľƽǡ
⣬ˮҲڳǼŮһڳߣЦ˵ͣ
ԭĵʱҲָ˿ĹӣһΧԺӿĵȥЩЦڶԺҲҵ˼㡣
ҲҿרԺ乻󣬲Ȼװôˡ
СӣĶȥˣƶˣû˵֪ܣ
һľرͷԵһ
ٺ١
Ȼȴ˿ϣֱߵǰ£ʮƽ̹СѿɵЦţôҿһЦá
ɵɣ
Ҳû̧ͷһ¡
ٺ١ҵĶӣжˣ
һƣƺڵ˷ӣһЦŪԺ˸
ȻҲ飬Ϊеġ

ϣİ£һ񻶵ĺ˶ΪףأһһĹƣ˷֪ܲԣȫ߲ܣ
ҵʵ㹻ǿûԪȥƣҲȥٶЩͷΣ·ҲҡҡλεģΨϵ˷Ц˿ûм١
һֱൽʱʱ֣Ÿɢȥ
صе죬ԾɹЦţյǰͷĸ
ȻκȴƵģ캩ЦϣóƿЦã浣Լ˻˶뾫񲡵ķ롣
ߣ
ʱȻֻԼ󱳱һĿʹæ̧ͷȥ
飬ѺŮڴߣĿض죬첻Цһôˣ
ˣ
ģһĸղŵΪĵĳ카˹ָȫȻ

ʱ۾ͷһɻʱ˲١
飬ôǣҪʲô
ոߵߣǱŮһѹ˴ϣʱǵķӿУζ첻һ
Ǽ߿˺ӣɲ֣
ƼˣҲЦ뿪ͬʱǹţԼһ磬ֵֹĳ¼˵ע⡣
뿪󣬷жʱһ裬һгµĽ磬Ȼ֪ҪԶȥء
һ귭֮쿴ŷһŮЦҪʲô
ߣҷϻҾͲˣƶܻҾͲţһٴϡ
Ҳǣ磬Ҹ㣬Ҫǲһӣôʰ㣡˿úߣ֮Ƿ
Ȼɫͨ죬еļᶨȴǰδС
ȻǶܵ˳ƻеĴ̼һƵȡţҲٴһսһҹûͣ¡
ŮַûϢʱܵһǰδеĻ䣡
ֱ賿ʱ֣Ůʵû˯ȥ֮ҸȴεĿЦһ£˻ϢĻᡣ
һҹǼˡ
廹еĻ𴲵ûˡ
ȻˣԾɾЩúõת˼ȦԪ󣬲Żָ

ˣ⹫ľƵ
Сӣϱ˶֪ͨӣŲѾģͷϹԶ
ϲ㰡ǻʸʸԵص
ϵ˵첻ϵǰȥӭӣ֮⣬аɷǱߣԼҲ׷״ףأûʲôϢʱ䣡
Ȼæµȴ֮£ӣֱ޲֪ƻеϢ
ȻӽĿˣԼִ㲻ˣҲˣ
죬˵ƵĻһޱҪ顣
Ϊݵλ˵Ҳһ£
ѪŰĴ󻷾УҲһϢһ˶Ϊе˷ܵĺϢ
ֻˣȴǸۡ
ڴ˺ĺüϣƶʶĵ˯ȴǱŮץ˴ϣһսֱսڶ賿ΪŮȰ˵ȴɷŹ˼вϺӱһֱȥơ
ȻһΣȷ˺Ľг޾֮⣬ȴŲٵΣҲֻԼˣ
ΣƵĻ¹ȥ˺üʱ䣬Ծǲ˽ֵĻ⣬ţһŵĺӵ׻жһĶڴ


1739 ̣Уâ
磬ô𣿡
רԺУƽüŪ۵ĳϷʲѡ
ʱ죬ϵĴŹǷȻϿȥ뼸֮ǰûʲô𣬵ȴЩǷϣէһͺû˯Ƶġ
ƽ֮ԣԱߵĿ񽣣ط磬ľȼ˶Ƿ׷Ц˳ŪͷߣڵмΡ
˵ʲô
ûĳƽһۣ˵˵ɣǼôʲô
磬緹ˣ
ʱһЩЦų˵Ҳ˳һԵ㣿
˲ˣƶɩӣǼԹˣ
ƽһЦ¶ģ
Ŷİɣ
΢΢ЦЦҵͷʾ󣬱ǻص˷С
ΪеԵʣȻƲûʲô̫ı仯ȴһִĸĹԣ˼֮У⼸˷׷ײĿ
ʲôʲô
ûĳ⼸˵ȥһ߳㣬һ߲͵ĵʲô˵
үģ
񽣹һھƣ˵㲻ðǸϰ֮ٶ˵ѡ𣿰ȥģ
ŶѾѡˣ
üëһ׽ζǼòڸҴ۰ɣѡ𣿡
ٺ١үȥ֪ˣ񽣼Ц
ãҵҪѡĽ
ͷȴû
ڼЩεĿЦУһֱϵԵ߰˰ˣȻֺһǼȥ˾ڡ
֮ʮ֮⣬ö֮ʮˣԼħ֮ĳѾϧȽȥ޿ռ֮ʮ˶Ȼڳֻվ΢ԵһЩѣмλȫٶˡ
ĵڳ˵ĿⶼϣһĻʸ橺ͻʸܷܷãҲʱӭǵǰĸ̨
˵ҹ𣿡
ʵôôˣĪڲſʼѡ
үǰѵ㻹ģ
ؿڣ·һ֣ͨľŸСӣСȫ˵һԣ
ǣ
һӦŵ˶ɵжûͨСӣҲκһ㲻еֻһַ֮ܶģ´һҪٴսΪľӢ
ֻ˾ŸСӣܼưʮһˡ
ÿһǰͦأɫȻ޽ȴһŨŨԺ
磬㿴ô˵

ĵͷȻ϶࣬Ĺ۲Уȴûһܹӹľ̽
Ȼֲ̽Ҳֻ˽Щ˵ʵƷз棬ΪʼЩѡҲʮ֮˾Ųûʲô⡣
磬ǸʲôƽԱʵ
ŻʸܷܷС֣κʱ򶼲Ըֿһ㣬ԵüΪǡʱʲô
ǺһЦڼЩУȴصЦЦ漴ûжԣٴλһʮһˣڵǶˣ
ճЩ˱һɫΪ£Ψ©һ㡣
ǾһĿѡģҲ˵̫磡
Ե֮ǰ˵ˣǽִս̭ƣʲôʱսĳСӲҳɹĻôСӾͻᱻʱ̭ûκνҿԣ֪𣿡
֪ʮһӦŵȻ࣬ȴҲһ캳֮С
տʼһԲһ󷨣ȥ͸
˶٣һСܹȲ͸нһڶ͵УʣµСӣô
ˣ¶һĨϰԵаЦ΢һٺֵʣµСӣһͷһǼǳ̵ģ

ĻܵеϷʣڳ֮˶һ
ʱ̭ʮ˸СӣҲõģΪѾ˽ѵ
쿴һˣǺЦļ룬ǰյʱ䣬Ƕߵļ˶֪˰ɣôտʼѵǣܹõǵͬ⣬ܹսǰŸСӵʸ𣿡
ףӦŵ
ܺã
ͷҪǼסʵҪģ֮ͨˣܹʤǿǵʵǵһЩ˭ҪǸҸҳʲô۶ӣҲҪңһӦܹ쵽ģ

ľ֮ԣǻеȻ֮⣬Щһκβıʾ
ʱȴǿЦѡ
ԭ˵ġʱʲôָĲǽѡ
쿪ʼֵˡ
⼸ˣΪֳطͶľҲûκ顣
ǿԳô˻ᣬΪϤƿظԵĴҲһõ顣
ö֮֮ˣվֵ
ǣ
ߵö֮ʮˣұߵ֮ʮһվ˳ʱͬӪμĳߵС
ö֮ⷽ˽ⲻ࣬ȴҲ֪һ㣬Ǿǲһ棬ֻŬջԣҾͲ׸ˣǽѵɻ˰ţ
һߵʮˣ򵥵˵һЩ
ֻŬջ񡯣⼸ֱּ˵˴ҵ棬ֻö֮ڳ˶׷׵ͷ
ħ֮ˣ
תұȥļħƵĿӡԣһҲ֣ǾҪӡħƣҪб㹻ľ֧ţԽһһⷽѵûдﵽԤڵĿ꣬ǡǺǡ
аЦȻЦݣȴǸʮ˴ȥ˼ѹһĲɵöĲ֮С
һҪ飡
΢һջԵӽֽиµĴţΪҵѼ⵶
ʦΪ̣й֮ר̵࣡
ħʦΪУṩıϣ
ʦΪâɹ˿أ
ڣϴμ˵Ļȫһظ˳ȴǸӵĿ˵ĴҶѪ֮С
һ飬ӽԼ˵Ĵ屶ϣǼŬҪˡ̡СԼâƺţ
ˣֺȻһЩֻ˫Ǻâǳ˵ǰ棬ǸұңԳ֣ۺģݣ
ɭټӶĿֲƣ˲Щ巢һĴͷȥԵüΪκεΥ档
ţľҪɱһ˵ĻôӵδԻһ
һ㣬ӹɣ
˽ӣŽôҸɢȥ
뿪ıӰһâ
ֱգҵѼ⵶ǽ
ò˶ãǱԷӳãڶԸѪ·棡


1740 ǰƽ
̣ԼâѼ⵶ʱѪĽᾧ
ڼͥ棬еĳƸǱϡԴƽȥ߶ţʱʱضľغһЩζ̲ҩãóڶ̶̼֮ԵĳһЩ
Ȼǰ˵ִĸĹҲԽŨ
ֵһģˡ
СѾͷÿ춼ųƣΪʱ̶̫δĶӣӶźЩ⣬ô˶ǺЦѡ
ˣ̥
Ȼ䣬һ촽΢Ŀʼ
ܿ죬ɱĴе
磬£ɺ棬ʵ
ǺǡҲûʲôϱ£еҸڤ׾ôˣǺЦţʵ
ҲǺ˵¸һСӣڤǴһѾܿɰЩĿһۣǺܿص
Ǻǣ԰Ǻ˵ôأԳЦЦ
磬ЩԾŶ
죬Ц˵ʲôֱ˵ɣǵ磬ѲɻѧŮƵôŤ󣿡
Ҫ⻰²ǻô죿üëһϷʵ
磬㡭
һ
ʵ黹ãҪ
ղɵĻǽŮ˶ˣһ֪ô˵ⲻһᡣ
һǸʱɿû˰ЩֻļһﲻԱͼӴѾǼΪˡ
ˣ㿪Цģ
֣漴һ֮࣬ȴֲ˼֡
֪ˣ
Ȼ۾һǰĴյǰЦ磬òңҼǱǲǻбƲݰɣΪ˸ƶɩӰ̥ã
˵䣬Ϸʡ
ôа
۾һģɩӻˣҹĹĲУСӣȻµˣǻ˵
治
ӣæҪڤǴһڻڼ䣬ÿ춼һƲݣҲҵȥעЩҪ֪Ǳ߻ûеĻֻȥˣ
Уһһˣ
ҲԣҲɵĵͷ
ŶˣڤڹϵΣ˺֮ǲǻǱߣ˶٣ʵ
ϵǳã
ɺǵɪЦڤ֮ΪӪЩԵʣҾʹȥǼҵĺɽҺµĺԺ󣬾;һȥǣСһõòˣڤܳҶӵģٺ١
ǵû˷ҵһģ
οĵͷסҵĻֻܽãǿȥκ飡ҪǵǣҶһܹסһң
ţף
ף漴ԥһ£Ͳסʵ磬⻰˵˺ܶˣǲڤʲô̰
Ǻǣ˵һʥޣһһԻεʥޣô룿Ц
ܻεʥޣ
𾪵Ŵ͡
Ŷԣ˵ˣ
İЦѾˣҲĶ֣һŭûܹȵǣ
˻ޣ
ɵһȫǾ£
ҺΪļʱ֣ڤ׾ᣬҴ˹ϵĻһŭڷַھͻɢ
ˣȥɣҳеʱ䣬һ˻Ԫ½
˰֣
ãȥˣ
ɵͷҲ漴뿪ˡ
ڼһ󣬱ʲô˶û֪ͨҲ֮뿪

ͣٶȣҲûȥңҵ˼Ʋݺ󣬱ֱӻصء
·ʱ䵹࣬ʵҲ㲻ʲô
ҪǱƲݵĴΧѰңȴǻ첻ٵʱ䣬ӻԪ½ԺѾ˵İʱ֡
ˣʲôȥˣ
һصרԺ䣬˫ֲЩӶʨؽе
͡
ϣѺԼŮǲЦ˳ΨСһգգ۾㲻ԼôȻôס
磬ҲǺЦ
ȥһ˻Ԫ½
Цһ£ͺǽƲ˳ƶרȥժİ̥ҩݣܹ꣬㻵Ժÿ·һƲݵľͿǵĺӸӽҲôƣۣ
ţлл
ףЩˣ˵еŮԶܴҵһˣ
ã
Ҳ˵ʲôǽƲݺúõı
һһ뷨罫Ʋȥ̵ռ䣬÷ֲܲϾҲֻһãһҪѶŮҲУǲ
룬ʱӦü
ΪƲҪ֮侫ѡ
үү
񽣺Ŀ˽ʱûĵһۣôզզʲôҪŵƶеĺӣôʰ㣡
Ҳǹģ
񽣶ʱͣסŲڨЦͷ
˵ɣʲô£ʵ
ǼͰȥһƵ˵Ҫ飡żæ˵
Ҫ£
΢΢üǺͼŮ˵һһͬҴҵȥƵС
ڣŭԼԨ֮⣬Ȼиĸ׶ľأط磬ľƽʸʸܷܷ˶ڣ֮⣬ȻһˣǱ̳
֮ǰȥĶˣȥ㣬㾹ȻڣͿºԨ漴ʵ
Ŷȥһ˻Ԫ½ջ򵥵ػص
ȥʲôû˵Ҳûٶʡ
ˣ˶ˣЩʴҵ
𻺻ڴ֮ǰһи⣬֪ҾʱΣ
ţ
ĻҾЩ΢״Ժ⡣
˵أת졣
˵ãʱ䣬ƺ򶼺ƽɣɽĴеĺ±Ҷȥ˫ۣӶݣӦ˻ָڼ䣡
ȴһ㶣Ѫܹĸô֪ģ
û˵𣿺ðɣҸˣ
ڨڨһЦ漴ٴνڱ˵˳ôɫΪء
Ĵ£Լ˵ĺ⣬аºͽµĴڡ
µʵʵӦء
Ƶе֮УҲֻܶԸ
ôҵɫüΪء
˵֮ȴΪԵ֮ܶһ仰Ϊ׶ΣӦǱǰƽ


1741 Ӵƻ£
ǰƽ
ĻƵ˵ı鶼ǲٴȻһЩ
ǶףһѪµıĽ٣Σıؽ򣬵ʱ롣
˵úãһеģ
ͷ룬ǴҶӦö˽һЩǰʱ䣬ҺͶľϵԼʸϵһƻֱƻҲֻ˲֪Ȳʩ֮У
ҵЩţȴ
ףĪǡƻѾ˺ܹؼʱ򣿡
ɣ
ЦЦͷҺһ£ѡһЩֵεˣƻгӶܹüƻ˳ʵʩ
˵ǵģƻˣʵ
ֻ˵ǣƻһ֣
ͷȴҡͷ
Ŷ
ȤҪǣǰԺƺЩìܰ
ΣҲûټʣĵȴĻ
߻صԼλ£˿ˣŻԵƻʩչͶȫУһؽγǵ֮ƣ˳Ļܹ붫ջԸѪ´ȥش
Ŷ
Ȥ׷˶
ʵѾ˽붫ͬʱһϵеĶѾѪ֮˾ֵĵص㣬ԼѪµĲټ׷ȷ
Ϊ޷͸ѪڲԵʣֻܸӹעЩӣ
ˣѪµҼǵȫ͸ֻҪһ£Ǳ̱ݻ٣
˵Ҳɵöһ
֪䣬λȻЩ飬ⷽ棬ͿƻӴ󡭡
Ӧֻһּƻɣ
óȻЩлĻضᾪѪ£ʱ˵ķã
ԽҽټǴҹҪĿģ
ͷԵڳλǾԵֵεˣԣҲͲĨˣ
΢һٺ𻺻ڣȣǣҪѪռһЩ˽⣬񣬱ʣ
ƶһȥǱߣƶ˲˶දֻ㣡
죬˵⣬쫷֮ĹϵҲȻ֪쫷ѪռаһЩˣֻȥܹϵǣΣҲ½
ԣû⣡
ԥףʵʲôʱȥ
ҪúõļƻƻʱѪ·ܹҪڲ߽ǣ֣ЦʱžͶԺ󣡡
ãȡͻƣͷӦ
ļƻˣ
΢΢ЦЦȣǳ֮Ǽ񽣣ط磬ľԼʸ橺ͻʸܷܷ
ˣѾֱںĴ󴫳ʵԶķǳѸ٣ǵ񣬾Ҫƿغ
񽣣㱾طԼңطԶؼң
Ƿĵ伮յõһۣϵ۷ȴһֿԣǾǡÿһͬĵУһĴ֮أǼʵ
˵ҲɵһЩ΢
ѵ۷Ĵ֮
֮أӦþĸ

ڴɻУ۾һ˼˵ʵĴ嶼кһĴпռ䣿
ͷ
пռ䣿ô£ҼΪ⡣
ϾǣҲֻŭǶֻһ֪ѡ
ڴпռ䣬һϸ˵
֣Ǽ˵ƻ
񽣣ط磬ԵĻ׼ȥͶɣǱߣ˽ӦͬʱṩκĶܹҵпռ䣡
ˣ𻺻Եһʾһиߣ
ˣУľʸҲˣҲӦûͬȻǵĴпռ䣡ľ˵
ˣ
˷׷׵ͷǿ񽣺ط缴뱻ѪƿصͶҲû˿⡣
⣬ضСҲһҲҺĳ֮žģ
ܿ죬ֵǾضĺܶطΪ˽⣬Ҫȥһ£
ԸԥӦ
ȥǱߴһµλڱͶĽ
Ե︽ĲСѾѪʴ֮һֱûжӦþǺ±˵Եʣǵ񣬾һ֮ڽЩȫշΪСǷѩɽׯ֮ԵʣҪСΪǷѩɽׯţ
˵𣿡
˵䣬һӣһӰ˳

ͷҲȷȥѡӦûģסֻһʱ䣡
ף
ͷӦ
ȻƽԶľغʱ򣬻Ͽ˵һ޹ϣ֮ʣΨһҲֻһ
ԣӦ֮󣬶ľûκ顣
ңƽЩʲôһֱûп˵ʱȴվ˳
ƽҲһľٶ
Ϊ֮ˣԲ޶ԡ
ȻҲ񣡡
΢΢һЦοһ˺żҼ̳˵飬Ѿ˲֪˲ˣԣҪһЩ飬Ѫµע⣬ƻܹ˳ʵʩ
Ҫʲô
ңƽҲ֮
Ǻǡ
˺ԥӣЦøοˣ˶ٺһƣע⣡һʽݣͬʱҲ̫ϳˣҲԳ棡
ƽ㣬ԸĻΪϼ̳ˣΣƽʵ
Ը⣡Ը⣡
ƽĵͷģʲôʱһȫģ
ܺãֵܹ˺Ҳܸˣ
ЦˣŻӴңɫҸǽÿһ񣬶Ǽƻһ֣ģԺǾԻ֪ˣ
ûĻҸȥ׼ɣڰ֣˵

£ȴǾԵǶȥˣǲŲŪѼ⵶ô죿ѵԼ
Ȼܣ
֪ʲô飿
һȥɣٸ𸴣Ե
ã
Ҳû˵漴ұǺܿ뿪Ƶ
ҲûоʹɢȥǾһ伸˵עϡ
û˵ģΪҪѪռ䣬˶ԣΣղģһв¾ͽĽ


1742 м
ڶ̣ԼâѼ⵶ѵѾ˸壬ڻȥ֮ټѾĲˡ
Ȼ콫Ƶڵ齲ԺԴҰ֮ȥѪռ֮ʣŮıһüΪѿ
ô
һ̲סˣһĴӴҪȥ˵
ΪģΪƻˣѪռǱ߳ʲô⣬һӳûиףô죿

ƼʱסȰһ£ǵȲѣԼʵûѡʱҲԸȥðյģ
ƶ㣬ôô˵ѽ
˾졣
Ǻǣ˵ʵ
ЦЦһ£Ťͷȥʵ磬ǲѾӦ˼Ҫ
ţ
Ҳûĵͷϡ
Ҿ֪ӦƷһۡ
ǺһЦʵû취ܽѪ룡ҲֻˣȥĻȻΣգ
ΪȥǱߣֻˣԼֻȥЦ
ţͷ
а𣿡
ü΢ϵ飬ѺҲǵǲѡ
ӦУ
õϾϴνȥʱҵʵ˲٣ټĪүүͷǱߣҲѪռġ
ԼСģʲôʱȥףʵ
ҡ
Ҫشȴ۾һģƶ㣬ô˵˵ͬ˰Σյģ

ȥס֣Ůȴһͷȥʮֲ
ˣѵ㲻ҵʵ𣿡
Ҳǲţɡ
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ԵĻҲȥ
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ĻŮ׷״˹ҲûжʲôȥĻ
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˵컰һ٣ԥһºֵ֮Щˣһںɽһ󷨣Ҳж⣡ֻǡ
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ǺȥĿ˼飬֮ԽԽǿͬʱҲΪ⡣
Ѫպãһб䣬Ψд˳˾ȳͬʱҲ߹ر󷨵Ĺã
˵Ҫ̺֮ҺܴѪǿԵĻɳΪҿԵһص㣡
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û˿ɵ𣬴ʱǰƴС񽣣˸εļ΢˼Ƭ̸̣Ǵһ飬ټƵ顣

죬ȴֱ˺ɽС
ѡһʮֺʵĵطǰɽȣȫͱڣĴ񣬰ٻţһʮģȴֲʧڡ
۾һУ˲ڿն𣬽䣬־Ŀʮڰ׹âֶӭƵģֻڼʱУڰгһ״ƽе﷽Բ֮ȫ˲谵˲١
飬ľ飬ˮ飬飬飬
һ̣һӣŲͬɫʱƵģٵΧŲһĹâǺڰɫ֮໥ںϣγһΪصķ羰ߡ
Ҫģȴܵʲô˷ϵĻ۶ܹؿһСĲƣ
֮
ֹâƳںһ֮춸ȻһѪ˲γһâ·׵ķΧȫ֡
Ϊǣ
һȣ϶ʱĺڰɫâһ̶ķΧΧγһ˶ԲȦֻգۼ䣬γһ޴̫ͼ
ΪѪ⣡
ȣּ䣬деϣֲ̼ͬɫĹâͬʵһ·̫ͼ֮С
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ӡһ֮ٵ·ŵƴ۷ɲǣһ羪װ쳹
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·治ϲҪһ㡣
ֲȴֻ˲һӵʱ䣬űԭڵ߲ʹâȫȻʧӿҲȫƽڵλȴǱһɵ֣ɾһ㡣
ʱԶһ󼱴ٵĽŲ첻ЦһĶͷҾ˻̫𶯣


1743 ˼Ѫռ
оΪղ𶯣Լӿ߸ϹУ첻ٴοЦһ¡
һδӰշ£ҲǿٵķɻصڣǱֵ֮⣬ܵһȻָ

ǼԼŭݺԨλϡ
ţ֪仯ˣǼŮ׷׸˹ǻп񽣣طˣԼҵĲٳԱ̶
ʱ˿̣Ϊ˴ҵľۼһв΢Զһ̸
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û⣿ʵ
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ͷŴȥ˷׷뿪ôҿһͷˮ㲻׵׷ʲô
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磬ڲ󣿡
ƽߵߣǾ޴ֵķΧ첻ѡ
û뿪ģҲֻǼλŮԼƽ񽣣طЩˡ
ϾҲûдסǣʱԴ¡
ʱƽĻ˵Ŀⶼȫϡ
ղ˵𣿡ʵ
ҷѾѪоģΪм󣡡
ͷΪǣΪѪ⣬ô󣡡

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˫΢У̧һУ񽣱ֱӷǰɫ֮ڣûһڴҺɲĿУٴηɳһǽϲڰ׹âȫʧֳһּΪӵϢ
ƽκһ¶˶࿴һֻۣΪⲻһõװƷ
ν豹棬ʱչֵ쾡¡
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ӹ㣿ΣǣҪСˣǼԹͽϱ˵ӵͽҲܳͿְ֣ϹԶߵ
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ЦУ쾶ֱ˲뿪ˡ
Сӡ
ϹԶЦãݺݵص뿪ķһۣ漴ȴֳŨŨĹģ૵Сӣúûţӻû򹻣ǧҪ°
ȻֹĵĻѾˡ
ڼٵ˲УܿѾķΧҺԥóѪɫ壬һ㽫ԪעУűܻһ䣬ͬϴνһˮɽĴڣѪռеѪɫȫ
ϴνļ䣬СΣ˲˵ע⣬ǺܿĴǵĤ뵽Ѫɫռ䡭
ϴνһΪѪɫԵʣɢϢѪ֮һ޶ٴӱϣע⣬Ͼ˵ȷ١
ֻǣҲʮֵľ
ûǣҪǱµһ¶ԼΣգ»ǣӴƻʵʩؽ롭
ȥѪ۰ɣ
컷һΧǰռǰȥ
ܿͨ˺üĹؿΪѪɫԵʣҲûбϳû˻ʵݡ
˪ѪɽҲѪռΪҪһɽ˵֮ͬһ㣬Խӽ˪ѪɽĹؿҲԽԽ࣬СУһжʮ˳ûгκ״
ܿ죬ھ˪Ѫɽʮ￪һɽȹؿҲĸˣҲҪҵѪۡ


1744 Ѫ
Ѫ̫ʦϣ߳һͨ˪Ѫɽɽͨ⣬ĸѪɫ·£ÿһŵԪڵʵڽ֮˸ʮ
źõĳӣĿš
ŹȥʮӣǰֻˣҲǼ˵ߣȴͬûκλɡ
Щֻ΢ɨһۣ㲻ٹע
̫ʦϣʮɢѪۣڼɲǣɵ˫ͫһݷڴ˵ȴܿ콫ƽȥɢһ漴˹УƲߵԡ
ַ·ſһһֻѪ״ϲĵף㲻Ѫϵ𣿡
ѪҲǰѪ֮˵֡
ϾÿһˣԼרݱʶ
Ǻǣң
һʱѪ۵˼Ѫ۹þòѪ۴磡
ϵ㲻ǱɳȥִôˣѪЦ
ǰͻ
ͷϸ飬Ҫȥˣǡ
УϵģֵܣĶҪʲô鰡
ѪһЦõʾ⣬ȴǽ˳ĵУüĻҪ飡ϸ磬ȥ
㿴һŰӣˣ
Ѫ۽ӹ壬˿˿Ǳʾûº󣬱㼫ΪȵĴ쳯ȥò˿ļΪȡ
ǶѪʲô˰ôѪ۴ôУŶӵĶУʵ
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ʵʼ磬ûĵǴǵ飡ñ죬ȻѪ۴֪ˣСӿǳԲ˶ߣ
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ĳԪʵԪҲֻǵ£
⣬㵽ԪҲҪǿΣʸѪһΪһؿĸˣ
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ˣ
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Ѫ۹˹漴ЦΪѪѪС뿪ҽûбȻͨ˵İæһЩͣԲŻĴ
ҷΧ￪⻹Ժ䣬ô£º漴ʵ
ŶЩС˵סĵط
ѪڨڨһЦټЦˣҲжʮ£ûµʱס벻ԶĻҲܹʱٻǣ

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ܺã
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⡭
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ôѣü
ʵ٣ѵȷܴ󣡡
ѪۿЦԴӷϴѪСѳʮɭϣõѪ壬ʱһ㻹ãڰ¶Ӧûʲô⣬ҪʱһĻ¾ͻ¶ˣ
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ġ
ѪһһȨޣԸԼһ£ĻҿԸһµݣֻһֻסΧǼԺ䣬ÿ춼Ҫҵ´򽻵ˣ
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Ӧˣ
ѪգգۣЩš
ѪռУԸֻϴεһЩ˽ˡ
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ǺǡΪʲôӦ
ЦЦ㾡ȥɣ⻹Ҫʲô𣿡
Ҫˣ
ҡҡͷѪֵٽѪóҪȥһ󻼣ٽԽ׼ã
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ǣ
Ѫպ壬Ҫ뿪֮ʣȴͣס˽ŲֵٲҪ⣬ϢҲһ£ע⣡
ģף
Цŵͷ漴Ѫſ첽뿪
ôȥŪµݣ첢δʣѪ֮٣ҲǰԸм

磬ȻͬѪԣһµѪɫ׼ãø졣
ȫµ壬ͬѪµϢ
Ѫԣ¾ѪԼ飬ҲԷֲκ
ֻǣԽҪʱΪѪˣΪѪŪ塣
ҲΪѪ۵һСࡣ
ݣѪҲѾŪãֻҪ챾¶ĻԳκ⡣
ˣԺҾͽѪˣ
壬ˣǲǸôȥסĵطˣܲռݴ˵סɣǳȵռ
˵Цˣ
Ѫһע⵽Ϸ֮ɫʱ򣬲Цһ¡
ˣԺͽѪɣ
֣˵ģȥסĵط⡭øҰһ΢Ժ䣬ҿԽչ¶һֶΣЩʱһζط
⡭ǣף٣ŶѪ
Ѫһԥ漴ȴ룬ɵ˴Ĵָ
Ǻǡ߰ɣ
ڰ֣ߵʱȴǺĺ˼һƣˣ룡
ãߣ
Ѫ۵ͷͦصĳȥಽĸ࣬΢˺벽ʾ
ϾݿѪѪ۵¡
Ϊ˸õǱôҲ޿ɺǡ
ΣһҪǱڼƻʵʩ֮ǰ¶ĺ᲻룡


1745 ҲѪ
ѪסĵطΧ︽ܹ߸Ժ䣬еĲûʲôء
Ѫ˵ÿһԺ䶼ܹסĸ£Ժȴֱֻ֮ڵֻܹʮ
ͱ˵Ժ䣬Ѫ۰ĻҲֻǴȥѣûбʾٰѪ֮ʲôϵ
Ѫۼ򵥽һԺеˣֱΪѪѪԪѪ
УʵΪԪ۷ѪΪףѪԪѪǵԪڡ
ѪѪǿһ£ƽѪ֮ʱἫΪ֮⣬ʱЩǰȴԵüΪţѪ۵¶۸Ź
ѪԺס
ǼҪ۸ģ
Ѫ򵥵˵䣬ͬ༫Ϊ߰˫ָˣûж˵κʲô
ģ˵Ѫǰɣ
Ѫ뿪ѪһĸղŵĹ˳ЦЦĿ졣
ǣģ
ͷʵʰһסĵط
˵꣬Ѫ˵ʲôǾֱ߻صߵķ䣬ҲѪ۸ŵġ
ŹغãαʧѪǰ̬Ѫ˫к˸ŵСӣ
磬Ҫھȥѵѵһ֪ǵϴ󣡡Ѫֺõ˵
С𣿡
Ѫ۵˲뿪ãҪʲôǼñƤֲǲ֪˵ֶΣ
ǣǣҿǲܣ
ѪҷĵزѾ˰취ˣһжģ
ԣԣģѪԪҲͷ͵
źߣ
ѪĵͷģƺѪۻҪӸ߰١
ˣٸСһѵ
Ѫڵķ䣬һѪСӻòͷˣ
ǣǣʲôСʲô
Ѫƨһ㶼öġѪΪƨ¶˸ΪЦݡ
磬ǳȥ߰ɣȥ˵ТûѪЦ˵
Уߣ
Ѫͷ·ģѪƵ˫ֱѪѪԪǰ·ֱһӵģ
֪Ѫϸ˼ˣΪһжأ
ĻһصеֻǿһΧ򵥵һУڴϥҲδֻڱĿϢѡ
ϾǼٵѪ֮ˣûбҪĻ¶ˣһѪɽԼע⣬²¶ݶǲܵˡ
ڸղѪ˵ϵĽѵûзϡ
һԪ۷壬ԪڣﲻƴҲܸκ˺

ϣó˴ָ׼ļȣԵýζʱ򣬡ءһűֱ߳ɼ飬ѪѪԪѪ˱˽
ѪǰɣСӳԵúܿİ
ѪЦһºѪǾֱߵǰûҧ˹ȥĵĵݵѪǰ硭
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㡭
ѪĿһݣǽҾ֪֪ʲôйأҸ𣡡
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ϣ磡ðɣ
ѪһЦѪԪһĦȭƵĳ˹ȥ
ȵȡ
ѪĿڣͣ
СӣѪǰɣӦԺÿ춼Ǹ缸ŪֳԵģҿԷŹ㣬ôҪ֪ΧԵĶȥˣСãѪ˵
ǣͿҪͻƵԪˣʱܹѪ۴ƽƽʱٲСӳĺģѪϵƨ
ѪԪȴһֱûп˵һưƵġ
ԵģҲ䣿
ƳһһЦѵػص
ȻҲ磬ǽֶΡ
룬컹ҪһʵĽڣôʵĽڻʲôأôþѪΪ
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Ѫ֮ԣѪʱ۾һ˵öԣ㲻һСӶѣҲôʹͣ
˵ˣ
˵ţѪһѪ漴ͦصļǲѾǵԪ۷壬ܹܿﵽԪʱ򣬾ͻѪ۴ƽƽ˵ܿ컹ᳬѪ۴ˣСӣʶȤһ㣬ǧҪԼ
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ѪһѪѪԪҲæſڣȥ·ס
ѪûôѪ۷ʱڴԪ֮˺󣬴Ѫ봴ԼİףŽѹѪһͷӡ
ڵϾûԪʵҲ̫հʱҲȻᵱѪ۵ôˡ
ôǻɱڲɣ
ŵĵɱңҲҪȥ
ѪΪҲɱ㣿
ƺıŭѪҧɱ㣬ҲԲ˵ʲô㲻һģƾʲôұȣҸ㣬֮һὫʬ͵ǰô˵
ûѴ˷а
ӣҿǴ԰ŽģҪǸҶң˾ԲĹģ
ǺǣôҵԪ˭Ĳ˭һѪƵѿڶ
Ҷɱ
Ѫһ֣ѪѪԪѪӿһһҵĳ˹ȥ
䲻ֻ˸Ĳ϶ܣǲϹѪ˵һЩӹ֣Ŀ𳤰ŻѪڸֲĻ̼ѪΪŭɱ
ֻǣʱѪѪԪȴû취ǿһֵǾþȫûܴһƬ½ǡ
˰ȴѪĸĿѣ޲ýʬΡ


1746 ɱѪѪ۵̬
ûõļһ£
ѪŭһģΪ
ѪԪѪ̺˵ѪվɫΪޣѪĿҪƵģ˸ŵѪâ
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ѪԪƺǸưֱͣڣ춼û˵һ
Сӣ
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Ѫӭˣ
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ض񣡡
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ʵҪģѾʱѾѪ۴˵һУ˷ʻǹ֪ѡ
٣ҪѪԪѪǰװװӡ
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Ѫһ֣Ǵ̤˷У죬ѪԪԼѪ
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΢ЦŹѪ۵ĿǼΪĳѪԪѪȥŵòᣬѪͷġ
ȻҸѪڱᵳӪ˽ΪҲɱ𣿡
ѪһѣĪǣΪܹͻƵԪΣ
ˣǼȻôǲҲȥˣ
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ѪԪҲǽͷȫ֮ɫ

ѪȴװúԥѪ㣬ǲǣ˵Щα֤ѵƾ㣬ұ֤ǽЩ𣿡
ԣ쿴һˣΪԥպʲôشƵģ˵ˣԼأ
Լ
⻰ѪԪѪʱ˼̧ͷ첻ѵ졣
òϣΪ仰гж
ǰڸѪʱǺѪˣƽֻҪ΢һٳж
һʱ䣬Ѫоһ֡ʿΪ֪ĸж
ԸΪǵ
ѪƺҲܵӰ죬һӿѪƽʵ
Ը⣡
صͷ
ãѪҾͽ˽㣡
Ѫ۳καҵΪһǶúѿѪ񣡣
ǣлˣ
켱æӦŵ漴ѪԪѪл˵Ĳɱ֮
ǣǣ
˼æٴοͷлֽٺңԼǷĵĸж
ˣûµĻҾȻȥˣ
Ѫ۰˰֣Ѫ飬˵
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ܿ죬ѪԶˣɫĵˣʰһ£һʬϳȥҸطˣ
ǣǣ磬ԺǾ͸ˣҪǾѪæ
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ԵҴӦǵѾˣҲҼסҪǸʲôҲֵĺãҵͣ
ǣһĻǴӣ
ѪϣİֺѪԪһͬѪʬ˳ȥһ㣬˵һҪţڴ˫ۣƽ磬ȴ˼Žİš


1747 ʱ⣬Ѫӥ
ڶһ磬Ѫ۱ǽȫסԺС
Ѫ飬Ѫɫ˵˳ͬʱǽΪ֤һһָҹۿ
ѪͽѾµΪֹ
ʮ˽ݿԺѪĻҲ˵ˣǸҼס˭ҪǸڰᵳӪ˽ҵĻΥǾͱҲ
Ѫ̫ˣһٴαҷ֣һʲô
Ѫ۵Ļƿһ㣬ЩһļæͷӦŵκε˼
УѪ
Ѫ۳֣ߵԺѪżѪյˣѪҲԳնɱԽҲڵʱѪ񽫸飡֮ҲڣǾҪģ˵ʲôǶҪհ죡ô
ף
ҷ׷Ӧŵ
ܹնɱѪôҿĿⶼžɫ
ôҳԾģȴѪ۵̬ȡ
⣬Ѫ۳ӣ˵ѪˣѪԪѪƫƫȺǶ˻úܺá
ҶǱȻܹףп϶˵ʲôһ
һ˵Ѫ۶ĿУڳ֮һĸ¶κβ뷨Щ˼΢һģѾ˼һôȥֺˡ
ˣɣ
Ѫ۰֣ҾͲȥǱ߹ؿˣ˭˭ȥסһҪϼӼ飬˽
ǣˣ
˷׷ӦŵѪ˫ֱԶˡ
磬Ժչˣ
ԣԣǶԼˣһҪչǰ
ЩʲôҪľܷԸ
Ѫ֮Ƕʮ˷׷׽Χ룬һűһŻҪĵЦַ֣еĻҲǽϡ
Ѫ۶Դ̬ȣѾʮԡ
΢첻Ļһɱˣ˵ĵطûС
ɱˣѪռҲˡ
ӦЩ˼䣬ѪԪѪصסԺ䡣
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ѪӦŵ漴Ц磬Ҳ֪ҵʵ߸ûʲôλֻܺ˵֪һЩ飡֪ģ¾ֻȥʴˣ
У˵˵֪ıǣ
ڰ֣ѪҲ΢һԣ֪һ޾ϸȫҲٶ˽һЩ

תۣѾѪռ䣬ΪѪѾյʱ䡣
һУÿ϶ý䣬СԼǼŮϵԳƵ彡Ϊעǲûѽڡ
ʱУͨգչһĲʵѪЩ˵£˲٣֮еҲǴȻȲѪۣ֮ǰѪȴҪǿ˲١
ѪҲûбʾ̫ĹעʵأÿѪ۶Ὣ﷢飬һЩѪռȫһһʮ㱨Ȼֻ˶̶죬ɶѪռ˽Ҳࡣ
գո𴲲ãѪǼҴҵĹˣ磬磬ڹȥ
ڣ
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£
һ㶡
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ǰ˵Ѫ֮±ҶʹѪƽǹ£ԼѪĸˡ
ͬǵ֡
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Ѫ꣬Ѫ۵ȵȣȴΪСĶҲȨСһЩ
ͬǣѪĴû취ֱѪϵģֻе˹һײʸ񣬿ɻҪѪϵ׼
֮ܶһ仰ܽ쵽ʲô£λȨѪ֮ϡ
ˣȥ
ڰ֣ȥôҶעһ㣬ҵ߲ƣ
⡭ǣǣ
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Ժſڣ´ųҲãԺŵѪۣԼһԼĪʮˣ׷׽Ŀ⳯˹ȥ
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Ѫ֣Ϊģ˽²μˣ
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ǣǣ
һϻ̳ϿֵģѪɫȡ´ˣ飡
ˣɣ
ѪӥȴֻǵĿһۺ󣬱ֵ룬ҲûôĵӸŪ٣Ѫ۰¿ɲ򵥰ȻԪǰڵʵ
ûָ˿ģԪǰڡ
ǰѪӥһ۱㿴ʵʥأ
֮ǰõϢԷóѪµй£ʮ֮˾Ŷʥ׶Ρ
֮ѪӥڶԴѪ۵̬ϻãӦҲǿѪԪ۷ʵŲöٴͻƣΪ½Ĺ֮һ
Ǻǣǣ
ѪӥĻѪۺǺһЦ֪ҺѪҲʶʵҲ֮ǰͻƵģſʲôʱܹȥݼ´һְ񣡡
û⣡
ѪӥǴ󷽵һ֣㸺ڣи˸һ˳ҪȥãѪλüɣʱֻǹ¼ҹˣ
Ѫ񣬻лࣿԺҪúõΪ˷񣡡Ѫۼæ
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״̬ҲܷѰ˵ľ仯δѪӥ˿ɡ
Ŷˣ£
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1748 ʹ
£һλʹߴˣ
ѪӥĻѪЩ΢ʵҪȥʲô
մˣ
Ѫӥ˵ҪʲôҲǺǱйأ
Уˣ֪ˣ
Ѫ۵ͷʵҪЩʲô׼
ҲûʲôֻǺǰ˵һѣѪӥЦŵҲǾʶˣҲ֪մƢһΪ꣬ǰ˵ҲЩ׼
лˣ
ˣˣ
Ѫӥڰ֣Цǳȥ
֮ǰѪӥȴǿһ죬΢˶ֵγȥɴҲѪϰɣϾҲԪˣóȥúõĶ֣
УףѪۺԥĵͷȻҲ޷ΥѪӥ˼
ŶˣѪ顭
ѪӥֵҪȥǼһٴȥ֣ҸղǾ仰Ǳߵļ˶ҪԾѪˣ߶չһ£ͦһʱ䣬ȸմ˰»Ժ԰Űţ
ţãѪ۵ͷ
ҲһҾлѪӥЦǺǵ뿪ˣڽҪǼˣûзУ
ɱˣҲˡ
ѪӥԶ֮Ѫ
Ѫۣ֮ǰֻ½ʹߣĪǺǰҶʹࣿüʵ
ǲ
Ѫҡҡͷֻ֪½ʹΪգԼʹ
ǸԸЩʲôУʵΣǸʹߣ˶٣ʵ
٣֪ĶѾȫˣ
ѪۿЦҲжʮˣʵҲûжȨΨһԿ϶ǣܹΪʹߣ϶ʵףҲʥ򣡡
ˣȻȥ˵мҪǸʹ߳ȥøһᣡ
ЦЦȴһԵĺâܿǶһ˻صסԺ䡣
磬ô
ջصʱѪѪԪһЩˮ㣬ѪǺʵ
ûʲôȥ˼Ѫӥˣ
ǺһЦ΢Ƭֵ̣죬пܻȥһ߸һЩ飬ǿԸҹȥ
ţ
⻰ѪѪԪһۣԥĵͷԸ⣡
ѪԪȻ˵ȴΪᶨ
ǡԸ⡯֣ȻǳѪĿڡ
磬ҪˣѪ۾Źʵ
Ӧò룡
ЦЦѪӥ˾Ϊ˽𸽽һЩ˵ģȻͨѪ۴˵Ƽǲˣõȥ˵
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ѪЦѣѪԪҲͷ
ˣƨˣ
˰֣ȻطϢϢǸʲôȥɣܳɣȥѪ۴˵˵ǵңӦòʲô⣡
ǣǣл磡
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ȴû˵ϢϥڴϣȻ΢˫ۣԺȴͷתɫҲԳ˼֮⡣
Ѫ֮УҶʹѪ֮󣬾Ȼֳʹ
ܹһʹ֣Ȼ˵˵ʵԲ͡
ҲѪɽǼһ˲ģΪľȡҶʹѪٵĵλƺԵЩء
ǰҶʹѪ٣˵Ѫ۵ĵλˣǰҲΪ˽⣬²δļ档
ڵʹѪ۾ֻ˵ͷûκ˽⡣
Ȼ˵ݵλĲ£ǹ֮һѪӥƺҲһڵӣͲòиˡ
ѾһҪʹŪ֪֪ˣȻ»಻Ҫ鷳

ڶʱ֣ѪӥѪ۵Ժ䣬Ҳǵһʱ佫ٻ˹ȥ
ٴμѪӥȻȥûκ𣬵ȴΪĸо˵Ѫӥ϶˼ɱ¾֮ѪϢ
Ѫӥˣ
칪
ˣˣѪ񰡣߰ɣȥǱ߿ѪۣҪҲһ𣿡ѪӥЦŵ
ǺǣǵȻ
ѪЦЦ˵ô˵ѪҲҵ£ɴչ˾ҪˣҲðȥ
߰ɣ
Ѫӥڰ֣ǴѪ۳ȥ
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ˣ
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ԺԵЩңٲȻһս֮ûо
Ѫ񰡣㲻ԵĻԺͽˣ
ѪӥŤͷ˵ǰ治ԶһûõĹؿԺ͸Ǳߵļ飡Ҳüȸմ˰»Ժ˵⼸죬΢Ϥһ£
ǣѪףллѪӥˣ˷ܲѡ
óɣ
ǣˣ
ԥĴ佫ǴѪȡʮֹĵݵѪӥС
ѪӥӹȥԺҲûж˵ʲôʳָѪϿ˼£һѪɫ·û棬Ѫһ½С
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һѪۺ˵˵ճôԺ⸽ͽǶˣ
ǣлˣ
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Ѫ۰Ҳȴҵɣ
еѪɫ壬ЦϾֻѪҪúõϤϤ
õģ
ѪȻжйҲȥǼ츺һؿֻؿδãѪ֮Ҳûܵκεļ顭
ķΧҲڻʱʱ䣬Ѿˡ
漴ҲûߣѪһͬص֮ǰסԺ䣬ѪԼȴ뿪ѪѪԪԼķУŵ齲˳
˵ԺԸ׷ң
Ը⣡˾Ǻԥĵͷ
ãǵѪһ棡
ó壬˺ԥĵγһѪѪһ˵Ѫȫգʱоһصϵ·𲻹ںδܹо˵̬仯ֻҪһƿǶ˵
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Ѫۻ᲻˸˿ûлɡȻҲǻڶĪүүԼͷϹԶľεǰ£


1749 ʹߣ
֮ѪӥٻУѪһͬ뿪ȴȥЩѪɫĵطԣΪﻨ֮
ҲͨѪɫ崫ͽѪռԺ󣬼Щͬɾĵط
ֻǣ˵ִ֮ʱѾʮڴˡ
϶սһ𣬿Щ˵ļƣҲǲ˶١
ѪӥǿȥкüΪϤǰЦŴкѪҲЩ죬ֻѪȴǶԴ˵Ϊİʶв˵Ŀⶼϡ
ֻǣѪӥԴģЩѪ֮Ȼк棬ȴҲûһ¶κβ֮ɫм˻ǰкҲǽЦŵͷӦֽ
ʱˡ
Զٶֻգۼ䣬˴ǰ
һϮɫװҲǽɫģЩɫıԵȴҲѪɫĲƣֵɫ飬ȴôҶֳ֮С
μմˣ
ѪӥΪ׵İУЩҲǷ׷װȥ
ûʹеʹߡ
˹̬ȣʹ¶һĨЦݣ񣡶ɣ
ǣ
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ĻҾͲ˵ˣڵʲô񣬵ȥ֮Ի֪
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Ȼڴӿռͨ߳Ժķ֣ѾһµĻԲѪռ֮С
΢һ£𾪵ķ֣Ѿ򣬲Ҹɽ֮С
Ȼ˰ѪۺѪӥڣԵüΪ졣

ֺǲδͣʹߵĻУһʮ˲ûм룬𽥵뿪ɽڵҪȥδûжʣʵʵĸʹ߱㹻ˡ
Ϊȴ첻ü
ЩѪ֮˵Ĵڣо۲죬ʵѵ׶εʹߣҲʱûʲôľٶֹע⣬¾ûı¶ݣɣǶļǱҲǼΪġ
٣ҪȸҪʲôȻٿȥ죬ΣҲһ£Ѿƻʹߵɡ
ҪôǾֻеԺˡ

ѾΪѪƿصΧ
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ڴʱʹ֮٣Ҷʮֲ⣬㲻ҪʲôΨȴǸо˴ʹӳһɵľֻգۼĹ򣬱ǽǰ嶼ȫ
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ǣ
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Ϊʹߺ߸¶ڵԵʣѪ۵ĴҲõĻΪʵľ޴ػ
ȵ˵
ҡҡͷȴѾ˴ָУʼͨϵǡ
Ҫʲô˵ʦڣ켫Ϊ⡣
ڲ˽֮ǰҲ
ѪҲûж˵ʲôһֱȵһӹȥ첻ɫ˲䣬˫ҲֳһĨ֮ɫ
٣ôˣѪ۵һʱע⵽ɫ仯ʵ
ҴڻУԼ
ҡҡͷδ˵
漴˶ûעУ찵ӡܿΧγһĻ
κι߷ãֻǵ˿ʱ򣬻᲻ȻĽ󵱳챾ΧЩ˵ʵܿκ
Ѫۣߣҽȥ
Ѫ۴˵һ󣬱͵ԭ˲ʧٴγֵʱѾ˾ڡ
ȻĹϢ£ΧˣѪڶԺ޲
١
Ѫɫһ䣬˼ԾûеõӦǿнЩҵƽȥװʲôûһļһСػΧ
ʮƫƧϲˡ
ԴҲû̫ţֻǶֲ֮УȴʱһһȥøΪأһɫΪѿ
ûʹߵĻҲ뿪
죬ȴѾ˾еϢѹƵ͵㣬סĸʹߵȰаٶ֮ࡣ
˿εˣ˵ٶˣҲͱˣ
òϣεֶεȷʮָ
ˣڸòҪɽڲɣ
ѪӥЦǼʵȴ¶ʵ̫ˣ
ģһ˳ĻܿͿ뿪ˣʹ˵
ɴʱȴѪӥ˸Ϊ⣬Ҫʲô֪ܿ뿪
ǲǣֺαشһ
룬ȴ˿ĲֻܼǿֲʣʹǰС


1750 ݣڻң
ʮӣļ㣬Ѿ˵ص׽ףҪȴ¶ԽԽߣΧʯڶֳһֳ죬ȫԿܿռӿϢ
ˣ
Ȼǰİͣסλûκ£ڿЩʮ׿һսǴͣ
ԺĿһУС
˿̣ʹǵǰȴһͬҽذĴڣɫҽӿʱʱشһЩʯȥڵȥ֮Ĳʱ䣬ѾڻɴҲжϳЩҽ¶֮ߣȷš
Ѫӥ߸µɫҲѿ˼㣬һ㣬ټԽԽǿҵĲ֮У˼ֱԳܡʹ߻ûǶ޲ػˡ
ˣҪҵʲôʲôûаѪӥЦѵʵ
û
ʹһָҽؿʯڣ˵

üͷ΢壬ϸȥ
ʯϾһͨɫֲǻɫʯںһϸĻͷֲˡ
򵥿ȥͺֻһ꼫ΪͨСݣûʲô֮
˵Ļô¶ȼߵĻ£ֲôˣ
ˣ⵽ʲôѪӥʳڳ˵
Ҫݣ
˿ˣʹߵػص
ݣ
ѪӥǼΪԻ󣬴û˵֡
Ȼܹи֣д֣ټ֮ȵĻУضȻǷ
ߣǷĻҪ
˵ȴǶȻһԺѸٲһǰĸֵ伮䣬ҵݵá
ܹ֮˼ʵ֮⣬һãǾǶ֫
˵ǣؽ壡
򵥵˵ڴжȥһ۵ĻֻҪݵ֮һڶʱֱûκεĺ֢
ؽ壬Ǿ͸ӵˣ
±ʬֻҪ໹ͬʱ껹ڵĻôΪģҩƳһҩֳɼͶҩ֮УʱҩԡݣԻָΪ˾޴ҩЧԵʣܹΪ
˵Ϲʱù˷ڳɹ֮ǳΪ˺촿֮壡ԴһʰΪԺһʱһ
Ȼݣ
һĨâ޲ھ͹ȥժ¡
ԼûãǸʦĻ˵ʦܹٴƳһµʥƷҩ㲻УҲűã˵ʲôʱܹõš
ˣݵʲôð˽⣬Ѫӥȴʮֺ档
ʲôǲ֪
ʹߵĵڣҪ£
ʹԼ
ֻĻ֣Ѫӥ˷׷׹˷Ը
ܼ򵥣ڻύһ󷨣
ʹԵ󷨿ѹƴ˴¶ԼǰҽصĻԾȣһԽȡ£ȻǾͿԻȥˣ
ǣͬʱӦŵ
ʹָһߵѪֱûѪӥ˵üģǶʱһܿİʹϢʼ
ռݲͬķλڿգ˲ͬӡУϵѪһķӡʵһĻɵҽر棬ʹԭӿҽƽܵ¶Ҳһ˲½˲١
úά󷨣Ȼȥ֮ϱͣ
ʹߵ˵һ䣬λǰʯϵݷȥ
Ѫӥˣ˿ȫתڵԪͬӡƵѪâҽʼձƽ״̬
Ǳʮ׿⣬ǰǰ˵ľٶֳĳ嶯
ȴʼհΪһ챦ߣػ
һˣһҪݣãʹ߽˻δֵ֮󣬲ȥᣡȻʹԼҲԳûᣬԳô˻Ὣȫɱ
ҲֻǼ
лڣô˵֤ǾԲܻɵϣ
뵽˴첻һĨɱ
ǲǲݣҲԽ˸ȫɱˣôһõĻᣬǿİ
һͷһƴСһ㲻쿴ʹߵȰ˵ĿУҲӳɱ
𡭡
Ȼ䣬ɲʱһ޺ȻǷӡ֮µҽУһͷɫħ޲ŭϵĳѪӥ˵ķӡ
ǿɫ䣬ЩֲסƵġ
ʵѾʥ
մˣ⡭
˶Щˣ
ģ岻Ƶģ
ʹߵ⻰ȴûжš
ıҲЩŹ֣Ȼ뵽ǲһѪӥ˹ǵڻҵģ
𡭡
ƺԽŭˣҽеĻħ޷˸Ϊĺ
һֲ𣬾ֱӳǵӡȻѪһţֱӽһµ˫ҧסµĲҺУ°Ȼιħ޵ϰΪ޷ƵԵʣҲǺܿĵҽУգۼ㱻ʧ
һĻ˿ľѡ
׼ˣȫ
ʹߺȻŭȳɫ䣬ȴҲҷֻǼողʹ̵ķӡȴΪһ˵ԵʣӡС˺ܶࡣ
ȻʱǽҽԼħѹ˻ȥԵķȸ˲٣ʣµѪӥ˵ֵԽԽѡ
ˣ㰡ǿҪֲסˣѪӥ˵
ʲô
ʹҪһʱȫ죬ǸҵסȻȥ֮һİǵƤ

ʮȴֲܲ
ҲǲɵԽ϶ԼղŵĲ²⣬ʹߴǹڻҰ
ɸղǸħ޵ʲôļʶǴδ˵
ɵãҲ˼ֺ档
𡭡
ħޱѹţԽŭ
ֲӿУǷӡٴαƣһ˱̵
Ȼħû취һӽȫ£¶Ѫ⣬ڲϰҽĿֲУ֮ǰһûκĿܣ
ˣ߸ֻʣ
ôƴһеάŷӡ𵽵ЧȴҲԽԽ
ʮʱ䣬ĸ½ЩǣѪӥǳãʼնֻһ㱻͵ħҧס
ĳˣ
ʱʹ߾ϲѵȻ𣬽ٷɵԱߣСȥ


1751 յŭ
ȻСʹߵĶȴΪѸ١
ۿżӽݵɲǣһֲĺâٶʹɫ䣬ԥĳԱ
û취
ĻٷְٻᱻâУ㽫ժҲٵ˵³
ʲôˣ
һ˲䣬Ѫʹм
һֱӭâһȴͲѵĳʹҲǺâʱķȥ
ȴû뵽һѪûã·ֱһǰһӭâѪ⣬Ҳ˲ȫǺâڰлһߣʮ־Ľʯϵ𣬺һº͵ĽƵģƮƮŸϷȥ
һ仯ڳǼôҲû뵽ġ
£
ʹһȣμٳץȥ

Ȼ䣬һЦⲢĻ
Ȼʮ΢̺ԪĹЦȴڳ˷׷ѪǱڲŭеҽħҲǱҽУ¶ͷ
ʱʹѾӽݣֳצһ̼ץס
ɾһ룬ݾֱʧ·˿ռһ㣬ʹ߳ץһա
ô£
ûзӦʹߵɫޱѿĿҪγˮ
ݣϷҪˣ
ЦţűһŹֵĿռ䲨ӣ漴ܵһг׻ָƽͷ·ղŵһжλá
ƫƫĲˣʧˣ
˭˭ȻѪµĶ
ʹŭѣƵš
ܣҽеħޣԼʣµİѪӥڵ£һжȫȻָƽ
ѪӥҲ㲻׷ʲôΨһܹģȴǳô˻Զҽأиղǽĸ²Σ˿˿ʹߵĿҲüΪ졣
ǵڻң־ٶֱǼΪ
֪ԼλʹߣʵǲУĻǶҪֱӳˡ
Ϊһݣĸ£ֵ𣿶ڣݷˣ
׷
ʹ߹˲һ㵱ٳȥ
ѪӥȻҲǼæϣܿǴҽ뿪ˡ
Ҳ뿪󲻾ãǷƽһЩҽؾٴӿĻжʱͷħޱȷĺ
ϧǣ˿Ѿûܹˡ

ˣǳˣ
ף԰ôλˣ
ô£մ˺ܷŭѵʲôΣգ
⣬ԭɢ˰Χžǣʹ·ɳʮָˣȴܿһɫ
ѪҲȻע⵽Щɵóһȥ
֮ǰһֱûκηӦ죬ʱѪ۵۾Уȴ΢΢һЦʾûʲô顣
ܿ죬ʹߴѪӥ·¾һ𣬺ȵǿû˽ȥͳ
ûа
Ҿҡͷ֮⣬˶㲻׵׷ʲô
Ѿ˴ָУᱻ˷֡
ģ
ʹ߶ȻλһѪ⣬ܼɢ
˸ҶԣֻԭؾȺ
Źȥһӣʹ³ǰһ˫Ѫɫ۾Ҫһһɨȴˣް취ԡ
Щ
һ㣬ʹŭҲغǾȻ˽ȥˣұ͵ϮҪҵĶˣһȫǷ
ˣûп˽ȥи΢һ㣬͵

ʹ߲˵һǳǰ
ֻǲһʹץס˵ĲһŤԭһ˱һʬ壬ʱ۾ûܱϣ˵Ŀˡ
˾٣һ
ǵͷȴճһаЦĻߡ
ǻʲô
ɱһ˺ʹƺʹ죬ƵáѣݱߵȫƵϣԼһܺһ
˵
Ȼ䣬ʹһУһֱӷɵУǲӱţɴ˸û취Ͼʵʵ̫һЩ
ңҲ֪ɫҰףޱȲ

ʹѪâһ˵ۿɼٶţȫѪڶ̶̼ʱ䱻ʹȫգܿͱһƤǵģ
ţʹֽУһѪâ˲䣬ƤǵǺȻըѿ
˵ʬˣһͷû£ȫ촷Ʈɢ
Σڳ˿ĲһҲ΢΢ü
㣬㣬㡭
ŭݵʹֳȥǡָһѪۣѪɫ䡣
ˣϢŭ
ʱѪӥһǰ
ôҪΪ˵壿ʹŤͷѪӥ
²ң
ѪӥͷֻǾãŭҲ޼£缴̴ŸΧˣȫѲ飬֣Ͼڿǵĵ̣
ڽô£
ʹӱ䣬ѪɫĿƿƵģΪ}ˡ
²ңֻڳʵѪӥӦ
һѪӥǹ֮УΨһһܵӵˣ
ʹѪӥһۣȴǺϱ֮ɫȥһĨЦݸֳãͰ˵ȥ죡Ѫӥ½㣬ϣ㲻ʧ
⡭
Ѫӥ֮ȴǳɵˣΪ
ôڹ㣿ʹЦ
²Ǵ⣡ֻݱ΢޷ˣ
ѪӥҡҡͷǷ
Ҳǣ㲻ֻһ¶ѣ
ʹ߳ƵĿһѪӥҲգȥüסݣҪ´ΣҲ
ǣ¼סˣѪӥڰһæӦ
Ƕȥɣס鲻ҪҴԻһ
ʹ߰ڰ֣
ǣҵȸˣ
˷׷׹Ӧŵܿ뿪ˣΨʹ߻ڣɱйߡ
Ѫӥˣлл
뿪ԶһЩ󣬰ѪڵĸղűˣæѪӥлм
ˣҲлˣ
ѪӥҡҡͷЦ˵ףҲǵȷѲ˸ϵûմܹҵˣҽѰɣȻǿ»Ӳڹˣ

˷׷ɫ䣬Ѫȴüʵˣھڷʲô飿λô

ѪӥæһòҪʣȻҲپȲǣ


1752 ºನѪӥ⣿
գѾǴԺˡ
ݵ飬ƺѾȫȥûἰѪۺ쵥һʱ򣬻΢̸ۼ䡣
ȻݵȥȻѪ֪϶ˣȴҲûжʲô
Լλѡ񣬻Ǻǵġ
Ѿʼ⴦¿Ĺؿˡ
ΪֵֻѪѪԪ˵ԵʣںһݵλѪ֮Уûжܹ಻ǣȻʱ򶼿ƺܹ˳ʵȴֻһһıѣ
Ҳ⣬ܹǱڲ̫ӵǰУҲ𵽸õЧ
ҹˮ
ؿѾرգǺѪԪѪһͬ⴦µԺкžƣҲԳ˼⡣
磬Ըô˵İۣ
ѪȵЩ΢˵ҲԵЩ
ʲô˼
Ѫһۣôѵ𣿡
ʲôð
ѪѵûǼݱʶʱЩȻƹʵһĶĵ׿أ
һԣѪԪѪһȴȫûзӦƵģһֲ˵˼
֮ǸõΣ΢΢һЦʵ
Ҿãǿһ㣡ǣǵѪ
Ѫ˵뵽һҹΣɵɫһ䣬΢˺ܶࡣ
磬Բңҡʧ̬ˣ
ѪæվͷһǾʧӡ
ˣ°ɣ
˰֣֪ҲǾƺԣܹô˵ҲȷĵҪ׷ңô㣿Ҫס⻰ֻܵǵ˵ҪǴȥҲס㣡
ǣǣҼסˣл磡
Ѫһ¡
˵飬Ҳ
ۣʱ仹̣ôżðͷ϶ᱻ˵ͷ򣡵ʱ򣬱˵Ѫ۴ˣ¾Ѫӥ˶ðң
ǣǣˣѪͷ
ţˣ˵ˣǼȣ
ã
ܿ죬ԺеٴΪȾƶ˲٣Ҳû˵ʲô飬ȴҲòţǷܹѪ˽⵽һЩѪռ顭
ϾЩʱ򣬿ԴӺܶСٴ¼ͷ
ںȾư
Ȼ϶ȴʧˡ
ΪûãѪ۾˽
ˣ
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ȻȥɣеҪѪ˵ѪۺֱӷԸ
ǣ¸ˣ
˺ܿˣȴһĸղſЩ΢˫ʮ
١
Ѫ۸һڣȴʱֹŻּԺΧһ磬ŵˣȫˣʲô飬ȻôżĹң˵У
٣ģ
ѪۻԵղұѪӥйȥˣ˵ʹ߻ˣʮŭĺü˶Ū˸ʬ
Ŷ
⻰üëһһߡ
Ѫӥ֪ͨ٣ҪСģֹʹ߹Ҳ磡ʵֻ㣬һȥµ˶ҪСˣ
˵Ѫ۲̾һ
У֪ˣ
ͷ漴ʵǸѪӥƺѪ֮˲̫һĪҲԼˣ
ҾͲˣ
Ѫҡҡͷ֪ǱҲǡԵʣҲźѪʶģ໥䶼֪ԷݣҲΪ˷ֹһ֣˳ܲסĥйܣ
ĪүүôҲǶԵģԽΣս͵㣡ף˵
ǰֻǡ
ˣѪȴֱЩԥ̧ۿ˿죬һֹģ
Ǻǣ˵ʲô˵ɣ
ЦЦһƣ
٣Ǳ⼸ʱ䣬ƺһֲ̫󣡲Ҳ֪ǲ̫ˣѪ۽ӹƱųſڵ
ʲô˼΢΢һ
ϴκƷʱ򣬿϶ȥѪƶɣѪ۷ʵ
ԣｫѪ精ȳİͷ
мΣ˵һЩϢҲȥѪƶ鿴һ£ѪƶЩ񡭡񡭡
ˣѪ˵ǳɣҲЩš
΢˶ٺѪһڽ֮ƺ꣬ŵõĪƵģѪƶͨһռ䣡
ʲô
⻰첻ɫһ䣬ȷ
ȷ
ѪȴҡҡͷüЩϸ۲죬ֻǷֿܣҿԿ϶ǣѪƶԲ򵥣пܴŹϵѪܣ
˵ǵļƻ˳ʩչضѪѪռȥ˵ռ䣬ôӦþ׼õĺ·
ۣ˼ŻԵڹϵѪµǵһǾпܽ˵ܱȫϹʱǰݷзչ׳󣡡
пյĻȥǱһˣ
һ˸貵ľâ
ҪǺðѪۼæȰ
ǺǣģҾóȻжҪȥҲҪһɣһ
ۣǻ۵Ĺâ˸ѡ
ô˵ѪҲͲٶˡ
ټ˵һѪ۱ǡ

ʲôѪӥң
ڶһ磬ոճԹ緹׼ѪԪѪȥؿʱѪԹˡ
߰ɣѪӥ˾õˣ
ѪԪѪ棬ѪҲһַԸĻ˵
ԸѪѪԪȥ飬ԼǸѪۿ첽뿪ˣһȥĵطȴѪӥĸۡ
˹һײ㣬Լļң
Ѫӥˡ
ѪʱſڵȻѾ֪ϢûκĽӭ˽ȥ
漴Ǻܿں԰мѪӥ⸽֮⣬
ˣѪߵǰ̹
˰ɣѪӥѹѹ֣Ц
лˣ
Ҳ׼õȴδڡ
أѪ۸㴫Ŷ㶼֪˰ɣѪ񣡡Ѫӥʵ
ǣ֪ˣл˹ģӦ
ҶԼˣô
ѪӥЦЦ漴һ֣ӲԶķвͲ豭Ը˵˲ˮŻԵЩܻɼԣǶҪעһ㣬ҲΪ

⻰˵ЩûͷѪʮֲ⡣
ˣлֱ˵
ѪۺһڲˮѲɣ㻹Ų𣿡
Ǻǡ
ѪӥԣȴǺȻٴһЦĵ⻰Ӧ˵ɣ
˵䣬Ѫӥв豭ʵ۾ȴϣѪ۲ɵɫһ䡭


1753 Ѫ
СʱѪŴѪӥĸۡ뿪һ·˿첽Уһֱûж˵ʲôȻصסԺű΢ɢһЩ
üһ磬Ѫŵ٣Ѫӥ֮ǰ˵Щʲô˼Īǣ֪ǵݣ
Ҳ˵
üͷɫҲԳء
ʵںѪӥԻʱ򣬺һЩֻ޹ʹĻҪĻʼЩ
ǵѪ۶˵ѵѪӥŲ֮ʱѪӥĻشȻ仰Ӧ˵ɡ
ʣһֵʱ򣬱Ѫһ
ѪӥĿ⣬˼⡣
Ѫӥʲô˼
Ѫ۶벻
˵ԼˣôǾ仰ִʲô
ۣˣѪۣѪӥǰôϵƺܲ㣬ô£
ҵģ
ѪԵҲӦ֪ҵʵԪ۷壬ʱпܲʥѪӥҲõҽӽ棬Ҹʲô
ʵҲһֱΪھʱȴȻı˿
Ѫ˵
ҲǲһεĻǰھ巢Ρ
ʱΪݱߵԵʣʹޱŭҪɱ䡣
ǰ˱ɱ֮󣬵ʹߵ㵽Ѫ۵ʱѪӥվ˳
£˵ѪӥΪ˲ʹ߼ɱˣЩ˵ȥҪĿΪ˱Ѫۣ
Ȼһ㣬Ѫۺ춼뵽ˡ
ôˡ
ѪӥΪʲôҪôѪأܲܽΪ˿ѪۼͻƵʥɣ
ΪһԪ۷ˣȥóȻʹߣⲻܴķ˵ǲǵġ
Ѫӥܹʵ͵λȻҲֳ嶯֮ˣ
ټϣֻ˵̸
˵ѪӥûĻ¾׳գŵİɣ
ˣȲˣ
˦˦ͷѪۣȥѪƶǱߣҪ𣿡
ˣ뵽һߣǿƲ֪ʲôȡѪɫҶӰ˳ɹĽѪƶҽѪ粳ɹȳ
ڻҪĻ¾û취ˡ
ȻԺѪҲǲЦŵ˵ͷ
ǲ̫취Ū˵һܴݾߣε̾һ
Ҫȥ취Ѫʵ
ˣ
ҡҡͷһóȻж϶б¶ݵΣգԺ˵
ո˵һ٣ȴ¶һĨЦݣΪصĵˣѪۣȥһѪӥȻװһѪƶ
٣롭Ѫһ㶣ʵ
Ǻǣ԰ɣһãصЦЦȴҲδ͡
Ѫȴ·һЩʲôɵҲЦ

磬Ѫӥ˹˵ǴʹϽȥӭӣ
İʱ֣Ѫţ˵
ˣ
һȴǿ첽Ժ⣬һվʵԪڣ쵽ԺǸ߰ƳһۣѪ񣿡
ǣ
ͷЦλѪӥ˵ұ۰ɣˡѪʧ֮
òϣʱıʮ֮ã˸߰ҲֳһĨЦ⡣
Ѫֵˣ
еݹһУǴʹ͸ֵģպãͻȥˣ
ллʹͣл࣡ЩС˼£
ùкĵһ㶫˶ʱüЦܾº̬ȸ˲١
ֵܣҽѪԺ¾ңҾˣǱ߻һȥˣҲѪЦǺǵĵ
УѪߣԺпˣСǺúõĺһЦ
ѪԶıӰЦݸȴԵñ˲١
磬ôѪǲʵ
Щʱ򰡣һã
ЦЦûٶ˵ʲôǾֱĻص˷Уڷвһ磬Žд򿪣оŵƬѪɫҶӣЦĸǿˡ
ѪȥѪ۴˹
콫ƬѪɫҶȡպãųе
ǣ磡
ѪӦһܳԺӡ
ܿ죬Ѫ۹ˣڷĽ£гֵѪɫҶ֮ʱѪ۲ɵõɴ˫ۣ٣⡭Ѫӥ͹ģ
͵ģһѪˣ˵𣿡Ц
Ѫ
Ѫۻһ£˲ôϲˣ⸽˶۸ѪӥµˣԱ۸˶֮ܶѪܸ
ǺǡǾ
һĨâˣҲˣ׼֮󣬱ȥ̽һ̽Ѫƶ
Ҫʲô𣿡Ѫʵ
衭
ҡҡͷ漴ȴһ٣ɣȥѪӥȾƣȻٰ̽һ£
ô
ܼ򵥣ʲô˵ȾƣȻҪѪң
΢΢һЦ˵

⻰Ѫ۸Ϊ⡣
סһҪʱԺ󣡡ѵ
ʱԺ󡭡
Ѫ벻쵽ҪʲôЦӣҲֻܽɻѹĵףؿڴӦ

ڶʱȥãѪˡ
ԺȴδرգѪոһº󣬱Զ򿪡
ѪֵܣѪֵ𣿡
Ѫĺţ˿ĻӰ쵽˯
ȻʱҲδ˯
Ѫ̤˽һһߺţķҲǻ˿ǶЦӯӯѪ
ѪֵܣٻҹȥѪߵǰק㳯ߡ
Ǻǣȥˣ
Ц˵
ôȥˣ
Ѫüѵҽ˵ٻ޶𣿡
Ȼң
ЦЦѪȴǸӲˡ
ûѪӦҲûʲôѪȴǺ˹ȥ
ɣ˵ɣȥˣ
ʼ磬ܿ콫ѪԱ߿ͷĴɺãǺ˱ӣڷвһ̤ĳȥ
ʱ˿̣ҺΧûˣ»ῴĵصӡ
Ϊÿһݱ任һ£߳ԺʱѾǱ˺Ѫһģһɢָ߰ϢҲȫһ޶
¾Ѫ׽ˣҲῴκεĲԾ֮
ռƻܿȥѪڵԺ䣬Ҳڴ˴žƵѪӥ
ѪѪأôû֮ʱѪӥֱʵ
ˣѪֵѾ˯ˣ˵칪
Ǿˣ
Ѫӥڰ֣ҲȻȥɣҺѪϵܺȺȾƣǲٴ̺򣡡
ǣ¸ˣ
ԼΧ˶ǹ˳ȥѪĿǣһڣ뿪ˣ
Ѫ߰ӣҲû˻̫⣬ԴҲǵõһǱѪƶĻᣡ


1754 Ѫƶķ֣
һͱ֮£ѪƶͬһͷſѪڵħһ㣬ѪɫɽټܿտһУôʱ֮ѪΣԵǰ
ɼѪɫâ·һȥԩڲϷ裬һʮѹֵĸо
ϴκͳҲûʲô̫ĸоϴ˵صʵȻûκβˡ
ռ䣬ܿ콫ѪɫҶУΪ˳Ĵһ㿴ĸĤ뵽ѪƶС
ڴĤ֮ʱԵĸоһ̽ϢԼеѪɫҶɨҲ첻΢΢üϴʱȷʵЩ𣬸˲١
Ѫƶѹʱǿ
ѪɫҶӵԵʣ첢κθоܿͨ˽µͨɹĽ뵽µĵط
˴ϴǸֻаƽ׵ʯ
û˿ɣǳŶͨȥ
ϴͬǣβûг֮ˣҲǼΪ·ĽѪɫҶӵݹȥѪɫҶӺйºŷɵǰͨڣѪͿռ֮УܿѪɫҶӱ·ɻصС
˿̣Ÿоֱӵĸоࡣ
պѪɫҶӺǴ̤ͨΪ˳Ѫƶһ㡣
ղǸʯֻ˵ڶѣѪƶ
ڶ͵Ľ룬ΪѪɫҶԵʣһжԵô˳һֱڵı֮⣬ûټһӰ
ϴι֮ʱһģһʮͬͨǰܿռƯԩѪâϷиǺ첻ü
ѪɫҶ֣ЩѪâҿ
ϴΪѰѪ粣ѩ˷֮ǵǴ߸ƺûʲô̫ĵط
վԭأвϵ˼š
ԣε߸ͨͲȥˣġ
ѣˣ͸ɴһһȥԣ
¡
ҪʱȴǺͣ
ʮͨ᲻ˣôôأ
ţȴ͵һֱӶͷܿ콫ע뵽Լұϵѩӡڡ
Ȼѩûиһͨӡǣȴʱصϵѩơ
ǰĻܻܵһЩƣڵʵȴͲڡ
һ¶һĨõЦݡ
ͨϵѩƣԼѩƶĻ䣬ܹһЩͨƲ߸ᣬѩƻ֮ӦǵھŸԼʮͨ
Ӧûʲô⣡
ۣԥı㳯ͨȥ
ȻʧǣͨͷʯУܷ׷ɵѪâ˲֮⣬ܣûκη֣ͺѩԵ֮
ţھŸԼʮͨҲˣŪ˷˲һʱʱ䣬»صʯʱǿЦõΡ
һϵһѩƣѩƸĻشˣüͷ
ѵҺʲô
˼⣬ûлѩƵĻ
ֻУ϶Щʲôûֵĵط
δұ߿ʼ
һΣֱ˵ʮҲұߵͨ
ѵͨܿ߹һԼֻʮƽ׵ʯܳѪâ֮һһ۱Կ
컹Сþ̽һ飬Ծûκη֡
ף
Ȼ׼صʱȴڲ䣬Ŀͨʯڴǽϡ
ʯûκ𣬵ȴطżɼ·
Щ·ʲô𣿡
۲˼飬ջʧճ
Щ·仮һ뾡ְ취û˿ķӦ
ȥط
ֻ˲һʱʱ䣬ھŸԼͨٴһ飬Ծɺ֮ǰһͨͷʯо͸ûκ֣
Ҳ˵ûУΪ͵ʮͨһͨʯӴͬһЩ·ÿļ·Ȼͬ
Ψһͬģþְ취ԣʼûз֣
ô£
üͷʾ֭벻ʵĴ𰸡
ѩ˵ҲЩ·ΪΨһķֻ֣ô򵥣
ãҪˣ
֪䣬춸Ȼɫһ䣬
һʱ䣬ʱ˽һģѪƶлʱҲ˵îʱˡ
ٲȥĻض𲻱Ҫ鷳
ˣȥ˵
һüЩ·ѾĶֵĶ׷׼¼ſ˿Χ󣬿ٵĴѪƶ뿪ˡ

ô£ô
Ѫˣ촲ϵİĻɵɫһ䡣
磬˰
˽Ǹոշ´ѪȴɫĵѪֵܣôˣ
磬˵ʲôܰôЦ
ԣǴٻȥô񡭡һ䶼ûˣ
ѪҡԴ漴ɫһ࣬ɱ˸ĵˣ϶㣡㵽׶ʲô
磬˵ʲôأòʲôǵ˰ɣ
ЦãҲǺ˵岻ʣѾ˯ˣȥֹ֮ң˵ҪҺȼͷĴ˯ˣôжвѣ
ʲôⲻܣ
Ѫɴ˫ۣҡͷĻôһ䶼ûУѪƭң
ƭʲô磬ŵĻȥѪ۴˰ɣأָָ棬˵
ߣʾʣ
ѪһһѽƿȥԺ䣬ԺкȲѪۺ󣬱Ǻ
ȻѪۿеõĻشҲһ
Ѫüֱš
ĻԼǲǵ˽֢
ѵ˯ˣ˯䶼ûˣ
Ѫüͷ
ЩʲôѪʵ
Ͳˣ˯ĺܳϰҹѪ۴˽Ѫӥ֮ҵҲѹģǸʱѾǳʱˣΪ˲Ŵ˯ǲû㣡˵
أѪʵ
Ѫ۴˾ͻȥˣҲط˯£ȻǸղȥ𴲣Ѿˣں顭
ˣ첻ҡҡͷʼ磬Ρ
ѪϵϣѪ˾ŷ֣
ˣҲӰʲô
Ѫ˦˦ͷ˼ֵܣղǸ̫ˣеֵ֮£
ͼ˲ǣ
ǺһЦ磬㻹ǿȥɣȻѪӥǱ߲ý
ԣԣ
ѪһĶͷæȥѪۿıӰ˶漴¶һĨζЦݡ


1755 ţż
붫ĽΧ㣬иŲٵۣ㲻ǿȻһʥ򣬵ֶԵԪʵ֮Ϊ
ÿݣνǻҵ˼㡣
ڽڣ⸽ȴһΪŵͻ𣬶̶ʱڱշܱߴСС¶ʮ
ҪǣѾģǷѩɽׯķ֧
ڱ֮Уѩɽׯ֮Ȼ˵˲֪˲ҲЩټԷѩɽׯׯΪףвٷѩɽׯְæǰʱǲ¶ʮĴСһһǲԸ߸ǱֱŴȻûиЩһ㻺Ļᡭ
ЩУȴһ㲻Իɺȡ
ɺȹΪں磬ȻʮƫŮԣʵȴһˣʵʥء
ں£λͬΪʥ򣬷ֱΪ¡
˶ںֵܣȻǴСһ𳤴󣬵ȴŲֵܶûеĬ
ɺܹ֮ôӵĻдټҪԭҲΪʥĴڣ
ʱѸٷչ÷ɺȸܵ˼Σ
ܣܣǾΣ
ڷɺڵĳУںʵ
Σ
ֱֵֵܺò״ƬҵԲܹˣǷѩɽׯѵֵǲɣ
ܣ嶯ô˵϶˵
Ƿѩɽׯׯ
ںüһֱѩɽׯӲţ˵ôԶˣ벻ͨôȻŪһ˵˵л᲻ʲôı
һ㰡磬ܡ
˵˵ѩɽׯаɷţжľϵܺãаɷа죬Щϵ
ٺ١磬ĪǹһˣЦ
˵
üһ䣬ںȴڰ֣νѨδڲЩֻţǸô죿
ǻ𣿡
²˼ֱӵѩɽׯаɷţľϵǷɺҲǳصģǸҧǾ͸ұߣֵ
Ϊײβ
Ҳ֮ǲʲôֵҪҲɴӦҪһǣǾҪûôõθˣ
˵öԣˣǾͺƴˣӦ
ͷǧҪ
ں˰֣Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬺Ȼ⴫һ󼱴ٵĽŲ˿첽룬
Ȼˣ
ںɫһ¸վʵ˶ˣ˭Ϊ
ֻ࣬ʮΪ׵Գص
ϾʱĴټǲûйж⸽Ū˲֪˲ɺȵ˵Щҡ
ˣȥɣҵķԸӭӣں
ǣ
˿ٵ˳ȥŷɺټɽб˽ߵ쳹Щ֮С
磬ǡʮֲ⡣
߲ƣ绹ӭӣⲻʾ

ں򵥵˵ĸֺ󣬱㵱ȳȥ
һ㶣ȴǰקסһͬں뿪
䣬ɺ֮˷ԣһֱӵȿڴں磬ȴǻУҲչֳֵܵơ
֪ýׯ
棬֮ʣںһգЦ
ڹˣ
ȻһЦݹģ
ŶǺǡǾɣ
ںҲ֮ЦЦǸţкιɣλ֪
˵䣬ںĿվԣȴͬʲ׵ľϣԳֲ졣
ΪĸĸͶľڼ۷֮Уȴ˵˲֪沢ûʲô
ںȻܹоǵĲףȴʶһҲûʲôֵġ
ڹǽȥûлشתЦ
߶ǿͣ룡
ںЦЦȴԥǷɺȵط̫Сû취дôͣ
ɣˣΣ
˵ĳԼ֮⣬ȻǾͶľˡ
ˣλ룡
ںЦһơ
ã룡
ܿ죬ǱںԴ·£˷ɺУǴˣҲԭزδκζ
⼸ǷѩɽׯˣȻķԸκ顣
ܿ죬Ǽ˱˻ڣ׷װձ¡
˷ϲˮЦλڹĽֵܰɣһȻףֲãɺܹλĴϣ
ˣ
ںһЦֱԣι²Ǽ򵥰ݷô򵥰ɣ
Ȼʹ죬Ҿֱ˵ˣ
豭һڣԵ˴ðãȴмڹ飡
ֱ޷
֪ڹο
ο
ں绹Ϊֱ˵ҪշǷɺȵĻû뾹⣬ɵ㶣ЦԺ⣿÷ѩɽׯֺ֮ںۣ
ˣں΢˶ٺżʱϣ˴εҷɺȣҲô򵥰ɣ

²豭ԵðãȴڹԼɺһᣡ
᣿
ĻںЦ
ȴֱӿڵ˵ʲôᣬҪǷɺȳ𣿺ߣ˵ú
ܣס죡
Ǻݣôܻɺȣ
ֵܣһһĳš
еּ֮⣬ʮԡ
ˣȴЦݲ䣬һͶľغż˵ôģðɣǾǰɣ
磬磬ûĺβ¶ˣָ
ȻƢܺãҲ뿴ôָң
Ƴһ£Ե´ΣҲڹӣ
㡭
һʱŭʢæ䰴סǸ
£
ںҲǼæһΪ˴³ڣʧ֮Ǹˣ
ڹˣ
ףǽںǸ⡣
ںȴǿЦһ£ֵԣ˵ǸǷɺһ᣿֪Ǻ⣿ɷϸ˵˵
Ǻǡ
ںĻ΢΢һЦʵ֪ڹж˽⣿˵ż
ż
ں΢漴ͷӦЩţ֪ȴֻ࣡˵żŵصأǵõ߱ؽӣ


1756 ƣ
ż
ںĻԱߵľ¶Ҳǲ˶䡣
ȻǶԾżҲʮֵĺ档
ǺǣڹŻǲ̫˽Ⱑ
ЦЦ˵ڹղ˵ҲȫԣԸλһż
Ը꣡ںӦ
ż˼壬ȡż֮ΪܹоŲ㣬ΪؼмΪ켶ߵĵھŲʲôͲ͸¶ˣ˵
ʱں硢ֵȴǲɫһ䣬˼໥һۡ
ʥֲϵĹȴ켶ǵؼ
ϾؼǿʥʵģڻԪ½ЩȴҪ˲١
żܹ֣صصĹ϶Ҳ
ںֵʥ򣬿ȴΪƵ
ô˵ں絥˵ʣܹҵһõ켶ھ͸ֻʥôˡ
ԣһʱ֮Ժֵܵƶ˲١
Եľؽһ΢΢һЦȴǲض豭ҲԵЩ⡣
һֵܲŴлع
ںһֵ֪˵Щʲô
ڹղŻ˵ҪֱԣôھʹװͿˣϷʵ
ҡ⡭
ںһʱЩͣ漴ǾȴֱԵǷɺȼţ
Ǵ⣡
Ҳԥĵͷϡ
˾ٶԷɺȣλ˵һ£
ԸĻҿԸǿžż㣬йѡ񣡡
ֵȻǿҲʥʵҴʥأĪܽ㣿üʵ

ͷżŵ֮أÿһʵԻ֣
ֵҪǲԸأɫһ
ߴʱ̫ˣʥصʵ⸽ȷ԰һУŵҲԺգڿƶΪ񣬿ʵҪǳȴҲô׵ġ
žĻƺԭǺնʱ˲١
µ˫ȭѾգʱֵ׼
ںı鶼һЩ
˵붯ֻ֣羮˵ǰ㣬ôҲʥأ⸽Ǽûʲô˸ǣҲЩԴ˼ȴֻܽż㣬ƺǷſһЩҪںٶоһЩޡ
ܣܣ񣡡
һںǿ֮
Ǻǡڹ⵹˵ˣ
ȻȻ˲٣ιǷɺȲԸŵĻǾͲ˼ˣ
ĻһȴոΪ
ں˫ޱĵҪ𣿡
ˣɣ
ԵҸղž˵ˣǸɺµһλᣡǲ֪գֵܹ˭أϣǿʳԹѾǺܸڹˣ
˵䣬ԭƽϣȴǶȻӿޱӿƣһĳںѹƶȥ
һɲǣڿХܱߵļΣܵĲװζ׷ڿ񱩵бʳ촷ۣΪĿں磬ɫǴ䡣
ǼԥıתԪֵɾȻֻǵֵ˲ӣǽˣֱֱ˵˺ǽſסΣҪģ˵ɫò԰ֽ˲١
ǿ
д󺧡
ԭΪƾֵܵʥʵЩţʱ
˼ҵһƱŷУǸûʲôֵ֮
ֵ˵ֱһֽԵ
ңûɱǵ˼ڲһӺǽȫֵ˴ϢĻᡣ
ǿʵ
΢ƽһҵ״̬ںɫӵĳ˹֣л飡
ڹˣ
Ҳ¸ֳЦݡ
ֵܿЦһ£ղŻʮֲƵҲǳĬ
Ȼһܵ󣬵ȴǲ
ӸղУ·ѾоĽ٣ڴ˿Ѿ˶һ־⡣
ˣǻ⣡
Ե֪ڹλԼŻʲô˵𣿡
⻰Ȼƽȴ̺ɱ
˺ɣǽϴʾܾŹǣ
ɷ룿ںʵ
ȻԣԱ㣡
ס
漴˱ǸһŻȥԼľȲ裬ǵӣƺѾг
ֵ֮˻
ںԥһ£ջʵм⣬֪ɷ󣿡
˵ЦӯӯӦ
֪Ƿѩɽׯ֮ݴԣѩɽׯаɷţľϵƣ֪д£
У
ԥĵͷҿô˵κ⣬ԻϧһУ

⻰ں粻ɫһ䡣
ͬʱȴЩɡ
ϾаɷźͶľʲôĴڣҲϧһеȥţǲ̫һЩ
ϵӣں绹ѡš
΢һٺںֵڶ⣬Щ񣬵ʵԸ棡
Ǻǡ˵Ц̧̧֡
ֵһЩţ˵аɷ֮аϵܺã֪ɷʵںʵ
Ȼû˵Դ֮ȴѾչ֡
޷ʵľǣ֮䵽ʲôŮϵ
󵨣
Ȼں绰֮ʣ˱ɫһ䣬ֱվŭ
ʱںٴαˡ
ʵǿȻȫƷӿֵܶʱٴĺˣκεֿ֮һĺ𣬲ǼѪ³
磬ϢŭҲǹģæ
ˣ磬ˣľҲȰ
ʱһҪٸҺߣ
һֱЩֲ˲ɢȥҲʹں˵ԻָĻᣬǴ˿ƽȴĵȫ־塣
ڹһ£
ĸ첲ҵķҲаף
һλ󷽣ׯ磬ҷңľأҲĸף
⻰ںʱɴ˫ۣǲ˼顣
÷ѩɽׯ֮ȻĸС
Ǻε𾪵飿
𾪵Ͷľ츸ĸݡ
Ͳ˵ˣɶľһʱֵԺиֳĸ֣ľ壡
һʱ䣬ֵܲɵÿЦһ£ԭڵһЩȻʧ
Ųõѡɣ


1757 Ѫ
պ󣬷ɺȹں磬ԼλϹͬԼ𣬷ɺţ
ԸҲǿ貿ǲɢѾʹ뿪
Ը˼ߣԵӽԺԾӣ
Դˣ
ⱱͶ׷ŷڶ̶ʱڱΪǰ
ΪͬʱΪѩɽׯׯһźͷѩɽׯͬȴΪǣʵ£һĻԲС
źɽĳһƬžҿɭУһɽͨȴżӰʵ˾ͷǵгֳģصأż
żǶľҹͬеĹ˳Զľ֮⣬һ󲿷죬ҲԼĸһ֧֡
Ǿż
̧ǰаٶ׸ߵľż˫ۣԵüΪ𺳡
ϣں뾮Ȼûж˵ʲôеȴ˵һˡ
λΣ
ǵģ΢΢һЦżĴڣ
̫ˣ
˸Աеĸо̾ѡ
ˣˡðһ䣡
˿Χȴʵżûκһڣ֪Ҫβܽȥ
԰Ҳ֣Ҳǵͷ
ܼ򵥣ŵҪõִ
ЦƣбʱɫĴ
״ĴϹâ㣬·֮С
ǾżûڣҪ˶Ҫõִ
ֱ鴫ݵںУ˵ݽȼĲͬǰֱ߲ԲʺɫΪΪȻϣڰ˲͵ھŲ㣬ȴǺڰ׶ɫ
Ҫǵ㣬Ȼɫģͷ
òϣֽ뷽ʽȷΪҲȥ˲˼
ڿԽȥ𣿡ںЩȲ
뿴ż㵽Щʲô켶
Ȼԣ
ЦӦֻҪǽԪУԶ͵ڣλֻ죡֮󣬲Ƿʲôջ񣬶ᱻֱӴͳϣܹץʱ䣡
죬ôֻ죿Դƣ۾һʵ
ˣЦŵͷ
̫ˣҶżˣֵͽȥˣ
ţ룡
Ҳٶԣ˽Ԫ봫ڣʢȫʧǰ΢΢һЦת뿪ˡ
Ҳ˻ʲôľٶ
ΪżһܣֻԼľ˲֪ģǾǲںδʱܵżڲһб仯ʱضܹٿؾżת
һֽڵκβ֮ģǿԲɫɱ֣κ֮١

Ѫռ䣬ѪӥסĸۡС
ѪڵϣѪӥλϣվżˣѪۣڳ
գʮֵء
ԭΪ˷ѪѪƶټΪ졣
ʲô֪
ʹߴ˵ķԸУ֮ѪӥһҪһвҼʱظؽѪӥһܷѪٵıؽ֮һ;
ˣˣԩİҴûȥѪƶûУ
ѪڵϲϿͷͷĳѪˣǼΪҡ
ѪƶѪռص֮һѪȻ߸õ
֪ô£һڼ˯ȴһܹ֤
һֱȵ˯бץһͷˮ˵Ѫƶ飬޷ΪԼѡ
ѪģԱߵѪ۶һۣûʲôǣȴһĨЦ⡣
Ϊˡ
ûУʵڣ㾹ȻҽƱ磡
ѪӥŭĵѪԼ
˵䣬ѪӥкȻһԪ󣬼ڵݱͬӰһչ˳
ѪĲ˼飬ӰеԾԼΨûȥѪƶ
㾹ȻϵѪҶ
ӰеѪͨѪƶʱڳû˻ɻˡ
Ѫ㣬ѪҶںδǷˣȥѪƶΪʵѪӥŭˣûУԩ
ѪûʲôƱģֻܴԩ
㲻ôͺȻˡ
ԩãȻ˵ԩô
Ѫӥоâһˣ
ڣ
ܿ´˽
ѲѪסһ˿һҪŹ⣬ȥѪӥԸ
ǣ
ӦһǽԾɲϺԩȴκηѪȥͬʱѪӥĸۡҲʱ߳һҴҵľֱѪסԺȥ
ӺѪ´˽ĽȴǺѻ
ѪӥҲûٴζʲôûٶ˵һ䣬ѪڵϲϺԩصȴѼҵĻر
Ѫ۲ɵüǲ֪ѪӥΪλȻᵽѪҶµҲֻܾĵȺ򣬷˵ضҲ
ڴ˿̵ѪУȴǶ˼ϣ
ֻҪѲκζôлȥĽڡ
ֻϧʧˡ
ʮӹȥɳȥѼҵһˡ
ˣѪеѳѪҶ˹ֽѪҶ˳
ⲻܣ
Ѫ˫ۣûУⲻҵģⲻҵģˡ
ס죡
Ѫӥ۳ʵڣ㻹ҽƱ磡ĪǣΪҹⰲȥݺĲɣ
ǵģǵģˣԩİѪЩ״ΣֵޱȻҡ
ҽͽͣѪҶôѳмڳֳӰô£Īǣһж˹ƺ㣿˭ҽͣ㵹ǸҽͰ
Ѫӥ˵ţٺܿ죬ԽԽŭ
ʱѪӥģͷ·Ҫһ㣬Գ̬֮
ˣңҡ
ѪŵɫҰףҲȴǸ޷͡
ˣ㲻ö˵ˣҲǣģ
ѪӥһˣĵϺһȥմˣմ˷䣡
ˣлȥסµΪֹѪԺ˭Ҳᣡ
ǣ
ܿ죬Ѫӥ˴Ѿ˵Ѫȥ⼸ҲǸ뿪
صԼԺУ첼һ磬Ѫ۱ЩһŽյΣ˶ɻѣŪѪҵǸѪҶﵽ״ӺζϾôҲڲ֪ڵǰ£ѪҶȥѪɣ
У϶ǲ֪飡


1758 ̽Ѫӥһ£
٣⵽ô°
Ѫۺǲüʵ
Ҳֻֿܡ
ҡҡͷһѪѪӥĸʵѪӥͿˣóûһܹЩǰչֳƣ
ǵڶأ
Ѫ۲÷񣬼ʵ
ڶ֮ǰ˵ǰˣӿڵ
Լˣ
ѪɫһݣԵЩ𾪡
ɣȻû¶ݣ˵ٶҲǳ
ʼ磬ѪӥԣѪһ¶ʹ˽ֻҪһκ
˵˶٣żؼĵطѪӥпܵĻ̽̽
ŶôҪʲôѪֱӣʵ
Ҳʲôգȥݷһ¼ɣܹ̽һЩǸȤĶǺһЦֵ
Ҳֻˣ
ѪۿЦһ£漴ֺ˵һЩ޹ʹĻ뿪
Ͼ쾭ѪӥЯݺ͵λѾѪ۲ˣټ֮ҲԼҪĹؿѪһֱߣ˵Ҳ˷顣

ڶ죬Ѫ׼ȥݷѪӥʱѪӥԼȴǹˡ
ֻһûдκ£
ˣ
˹ѪӥЦǺģ̧֣́ԼˣؿѪѪۣҲɣ
ǣˣ
Ѫ۽һ񣬹Ѫӥס
ҹǣȴиһѪ񣡡ѪӥЦ˵
˷Ը֪޲޲ȻϷҪݵ˿̵̬ȼֱ˼㡣
ѪҴȥմˣ޿ɱ粵֮ʱմɱʬ޴棬궼ˣ
Ѫӥ豭һڣ֮ǰ˵ѪǱ˯ģд£
У
ͷȴЩԥ
ʲôѪӥЦеĿ졣
Ҳȷ
֪Ѫӥ˵һȥѪƶϣʶкܿҵһʵɣ˵µΪ岻˯ȥѪڶιȴҪȾƣ²ֻһС˼ѪƺЩƾ±㽫䰲һͷϢһֱȵڶʱ֣Ѫ
˵ҹûм׼ȷ˵Ҳ֪ҹûгȥѪӥʵ
ǵģˣ
ͷ
Ѫӥ׼˵Ļ˵˳ҿʵʵȴΪ϶
ҲѪӥĻˡ
ѪҲҲˣ˶Ѿˣ˵¾ʹգ
Ѫӥ̾һϧһ򶼺Ѫû뵽ȻǼϸ
˵䣬Ѫӥ۾⿴Ѫͣһżˣϴξ֮Уմ˻ûҵ߶֮ˣҲСģ
ǣѪӥĻһæѪһͬӦŵ
ˣС
ѪӥȻʲôƵģֵѪƶǱմϼ˲
˵ѪӥǲһЦҺ˵Щʲôˣˣ
˵ţѪӥȥȴǺĿڵˡ
ôѪ㻹£ѪӥͣסŲʵ
ʵǰ䶪һһģһ壬֪˿
ߵѪӥǰжһ塣
⣬ҲڽѪռǰͷϹԶģ˵ϵһЩǱԱ
ڣȴѪӥ̽
嵹Ǳ£
Ѫӥӹһۣ漴죬Цֻϧȴδǰﲻˣ
˵꣬ûشѪӥǰڰ뿪ˣ˼վԭأѪӥ뿪ıӰȴЩ˿Ĺâ˸
٣١
ѪߵߣĽ˼
û£
ع콫պãѪۣѪӥԼ𣿡
Ƕǣ˵Ѫҡͷ
Ǻǡ
˸֣쵱ЦЦˣ˵ˣʲôҪСһ㣡
գ
ȫҲȥѪƶˣȵٿ
ǣˣ
ţȥɣ
ܿ죬ѪҲ뿪ˣһü˼ɫ

תۣ컯ѪѪռѾһµʱˡ
ǰңѾΧĲ˴˹ϵû˲֪ѪĴڣټѪӥѪ۵˵Ĺϵʮ֮ãѪҲǱ˿ڿഫЩ
Լȴǳÿȥؿ¶¶ԼѪӥѪǴ򽻵֮⣬µʱ伸һֱУҵĽھǼͻƶչء
Ȼʵʲôʱ򶼿չֳͻƵЧ
ʵϣĿȴоѪƶзֵЩ·
ؼǵãѪƶʮͨſڣӴҵĵھŸԼʮ϶ֱĵ·ÿһ·ƼΪƣȴʮֲͬ
֮ܶ߶ʮ˵·϶һЩ컹ûֵܡ
ҲչѰͻƵԭ
ֻϧѾһˣ˲ʮʱоȴʼûܷеİأʮֵİգȴƫƫֺް취
ܲЩ·ȥʹߣɽѪֱʰɣ
ǺԼʲô
ϲأ
ʵû취֮ʱѪѪԪڴ˵Ⱥ򣬼ɲǣǱЦݵĹ
ˣضǽղӦڹؿôڰ֣ʵ
磬ģѪ۴˵ʲôҪǰ˰Ǽ飬Ǿڴ˵Ⱥ磡Ѫʱص
У֪ˣ
ͷѪȴԥʵ磬ӣƺûʲôջ񣿡
ǺǣаôûУ
ԼıչɣЦ˵ͦģԪǰԪڣǺǡ
Ԫڰ
ĻѪѪԪʱϲѣϲ
ҲЦݣֻȴмֿɬΣϾǶʮ˵·ʼջûܵõκõĴ𰸡
һǷֱȥѪӥ˺Ѫۣ˵ҽǹ˵
ǣ
˵ͷǺܿĵȥ
Ϊ£ԽԪڣλ϶ٴǶ˵Ҳһĺ£ǵĵλҲνһ˵õȮ졯Īˣ
죬ߺںȻЩɣ˼⣬ǷӦʹͷӽķٻǱڴ˵ԱʹõĹ磬һЩҪ鷳
⣬ǼΪԾ


1759 طͿ񽣵ĻԵ
컯ѪǱѪռʱ򡭡
ľԼٷչŵʱ򡭡
ͬõطͿ񽣣ȴǷֱڶķΧڣ߶š
ԣҪıѰһԵһϵ崫пռĻԵ
ڵĶѾΪѪµΧ
ΪؼҺԼҵѪƽº͸·Сģκʱ¶ݣòһ죬ᱻѪ
ĳɽ⣬ط΢΢üֱܵƲѡ
Ѿһˣȴʼպ޷֣ǿԵǣһʱУͨȡıӰľĵŬֹ֮ԽܣطʥصʵѾȹ̣ڸҲ˲١
֮ܶȻδҵؼҵĴпռ䣬һҲûаװ˷ѣ
Σطȴ˲Ϣ˵ǰǴɽǰòǰע
Ϊ˲Źһ˿һطȻҲˡ
ϧɽ˺ͷܶɽڻкüףˮйͨطޱȵƣ
ΣʼҲҪȥ̽һ̽ڲ¶ݺʵǰ£طҲֻ˳ǰУһѰһ
ҺûдӦһȻĻ֪ᱻռȥٱˣ
ܵļѹط粻Цһ£Գĵ
ϣܹҵ¾ˣ
طεҡҡͷȴɸǰţνһ٣岽һͣģٶ֮ţ֮ϡ
ΣվǳɹĽǰɽ
ȻһɽɲǣطȴһоǱӰľĵ춯ɵ۾΢УٵһĨϲɫ
ȻӰľ춯ôζ϶кöйأ
طǸоһϢ
˴αӰľĵ춯һĵһΣ
ѵпռ
طΧΪ̫Եʣ۵һƬǸָͷܵĻĲ
ˣֻ΢ðˣ
Цһ£ط罫Сɢȥڱ֤עǰ£ܿ㽫̫ɽĸӦΧ֮С

Ӻط۾һ͵ŤͷϷȥ
ιʲô
һȻĶȴǽԱߵһ
ûʲô˼ã
طҡҡͷһǸŲɫĳϷȥ
Ⱥʱȴ⵽һЩáط綼δϡ
ΪǰӰ죬̫ɽУˣ˵޴ţʵʵڵģ֮ࡣ
طװţ𽥳ɽĶϷȥٶȲ죬ʮӺڱӰľ춯ΪǿҵĵطȻȴֻһƬɽȡ
֮ǻݣ
Ͽȥûһȡ֮´ﾭĲˣҲûκһͣ
⣬Ҳطоһ˿ҡ
ৡ
һ˲䣬ط˲ԭʧͷ·ûйһ·Ҳûκβ
˲ƽɽȣطȴǶȻһһǿĿռ֮˲ȫʥصĸ־Ǻ޷֮طԼɫһͬʱȴǺܿķӣκΣ֮С
漴ڵıӰľĺȻˡ
ûطٻ£˳ɢɫâܵĿռ֮ΪһƵģƬռļٲ
ʱɽҲɫâ֣˲֪Դδ
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죬Ǳߣ
ܿ˷ɽȵ⣬֪˭һ󣬱Ⱥļһĳɽλü
ֻϧǵִʱطѾʧˣɫâҲʧһȴ޿κε˵ȡ
׷ʲôʲô챦˿֪

һߵУ񽣱־ԵѾȫڣѾݳһʮִڻѰģһֱؽҲǱ˴ָС
Ͽ˽⵽ݵ֮⣬κ˶벻ͻǿ񽣣еѪ֮ˣ
ҿư
ϰԵ˵һܿȴǸĿڣȫǿЦ
һʱ䣬ջ񣬳ʵ΢ȹһЩ⣬ĸûκνչ˵ҵԼʲӵĴпռˡ
Ҫүͺˣ
ͷεô鷳ҪҪүڣ϶ʲôð취ģ
ˣȥҸطȾƣ
ͷ󣬿񽣿˿Χܿһ̫Сϣһ¥£ڴڵغ˾⼸ʱľǵõͷš
òϣôںȾƵĺٶ˲˵Ĺע
Ȼһ󣬺Ȼ񽣶һŮιһ𣿡
๾࡭
񽣽ƺľƺԺŲ˲ǵľգŤͷ˵֮ȥǰҡ£
˵Ǹ֣ҺĿڵĿ죡
ʻ֮ˣȴһԼĪʮŮӣʮɰһ˫۾˵Ƶģ
ˣĶ
ɿȴ˿û⣬ôһŮһƶȲϡ
ǲҪȥ˹ȰҪһɣŮ˵
ݼݼʲôôһƹʲô
Ůӻ֮ʱûȿ񽣻شǲԶһϣһӺܲ˵
磡
ΪݼݼŮӲĶ˶ţҲŲϵǶ˵˵ģһҪ˲ȥ˹ȵģɩ֮⣬ңʣһģң
ݼݼ㿴ƹ
ݼݼĴЦһ£û˵꣬ȴĵҪȥ˹ȣ
ǰǰ
ݼݼٵĵԴһȥɣˣҿҵ˽ǮһЩǮŶ
ҲҪǮÿþƣô񽣵
ۺۣȱľǺþƿݼݼԥĴӦ
У
ݼݼĴȴǴһȥΪŮ˹üݼݼ
ҲܣӦҵģݼݼС죬
ã
ԹԵĺžƣԵȥȥУҲȱǵƺȣ
ɩӣ㿴
ݼݼסŮӵ֣
ǿ磬ʹӦݼݼɣȻСû֪Ҫֳʲô¶أ˵ˡ
ݼݼɩ΢΢һЦ֪˵ʲôǸݼݼĴΪѵĵͷͬ
ѣ˼ǿʲô֣סη
ҽףڼҡ㿴ӣܻм𣿡
񽣸Լȡһ
ԵȻö˵Ϸڳ׻龧Ҳһһס
Ǻǣ˼
ǿòǸһЦֵܣȻСѡ㣬ǾϣԺܹһģ˵ÿƣ͸źǶΣ
ã
񽣵ͷӦ
ԴˣҲǼ֪Ҫȥ˹ʲôĶ顣


1760 ˹֮У
ǿݼݼǳҡ
ңҲ˽һЩȻ֪Ѫûйһ𣬵ҵƼȷǳҲΪƶм
ʵ棬ǿԪڣʮ꣬пʮ֮ǰͻʥҵˣݼݼʮ꣬ԻãϲܣʵȴԲһЩֻеԪڡ
ǿӣҲݼݼеǸɩΪ٣ǿ꣬Ȼһֱû¸һŮٱȴ磬֮кӣ
СҲǶмӣԴӽ鵽ڣûаһ죬νǶ޵ĵ䷶ˡ
ڷٵʵȴԪǰڡ
ڶʱ򣬿ҲʶǿŶˣֱΪκܳɣʵԪڡ
ǿ򵥵Ľܣǰ֮ʱʶĺѣǵЩʲôģǿδ˵ҲȻʡ
ˣѾˣֵ֣֣ܣǻʲôҪûеĻʰʰͳɣǿȻȻĳΪеֱ˵
ûУͬʱҡͷ
Ǻãǳ
ǿһ֣ұǴС뿪ˣ˹ȵķһ·ȥ
;УķֵǸܳɵļһǶݼݼ˼Ȼûоţû߼װݼݼӹһĨԵĻȡ
Σһֱǿٷһ𣬽ǰȤ¶յҲǢ
һ棬ʱʱƺһڣһģֱ⵽˼㡣
˿ʮҲûж˵ʲô
׸硭
ţݼݼܵ˿ߣǰС֣ҲҪȣ

ƳһҲûԥĽƺ˹ȥ
ཹཡ
ݼݼĺ˼ڣӱǾȾƵаȥһ΢ûС
ݼݼ㡭
ܳɼˣɵɫһ䡣
ⲻڼ
ôܴ磬Ⱦƶ𣿡
ݼݼ˾죬ûйܳɣǶſһЦֺ˺üŽƺ«񽣡
лл׸磡
˲С죬ݼݼգգ۾ʵˣ׸磬ûм𣿡
ţ
񽣵ͷ
ļûˡ
Ҳô˵ڵĵط÷Ͱڵĵطļң
ֻǣڵףܹ˵ȥأ
ܳǰ濴ɫΪȴû̫չ֣ǿҲٶԿЩ裬һ·϶ݼݼһӣֲûκв֮٣Ųδ˵
ôݼݼһ·ߴߴʸͣУڰʱֱ˹ȵڡ
˹Ȱ
ҰҰ죬һĨЦ⡣
ΪҪȥȥģΪҵ쾧˹أԭһĵطȴһ
ôֵû
˿񽣵ĻܳƳһЩ֮⡣
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ûоܳɵĳЦƵģ񽣵Դȴƺ«һڣʮƽܳɱ׼˸ĳǸ˵
ȫӳȭͷȴ޻һܳʮơ
׸磬˹ǵ֮Ŷ
ݼݼյ񽣸ǰ촽΢ŵ˵Σյأ˵оżħޣҪȻĻҵҲҪǴ˲أ
Ŷżħޣ
۾һȴҲûһĵġ
ϾʥصʵʥҲ֮һս
żħ޶ѣкξգ
̬ⷬ˿ȴЩԴ󣬻˵ǰ׳գ
⡭
ǿҲǲҡҡͷ
ڵʵ仹Ҫرչݼݼİȫ˵żħˣ¾˼ħ޶Ǻ
˹֮УΪҲҪɱħޣȡħ
ˣֻҪСøˣ͵һ˰ɣ
ǿֻҪǶСģҲӦûģ
ҲֻˣףȷЩ
ǿЦһ£һҡͷкŴСĵĲ˹С
˹ȣ˵ʵ˵һɽ˹Ҳֻɽڶѡ
˹ȣԶҪһЩ֮ǰһֱڹעݼݼܳɣҲǾϾΣԪڵʵҲʵʵġ
Ψп֮ͬǰǰɢݼݼһ߸񽣽Χһʱʱشùƺ«ϼڡ
ǵӣЩ򳪸֮⡣
ܳע⵽Ǻʮ㣬ѾԿ˾ɱ
Ծ
ʮӣ˵Խ룬ǿͣɫΪء
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Щ⣬ǿȴüһ·ȻֻʮӣľҲˣɾȻһͷħ޶û֣
ԣҲˣεͷѾֽ֡
ǼߣСһЩ
ǿ۲һδʲôԾֻܼ֮ǰߣڸղ˵ȴǸӵľ
ݼݼĻ˺ܶ࣬гһɫɫ໥ƵĳЩԾԾ֮С
ΨпԾģôҿĸΪ
𡭡
ּ˼ӣȻܵƽһ޺ϣűͷϻǳ˹ÿһͷų˴Сͷͻ϶ɢͬĹâһ֪ǡ
ôܣ
ǿɴ˫ۣôͷճ׻
ճ׻˼ħޣ
ǹ룬¶ȼߵĳɫ棬˷ʤ
Ҫǣճ׻һӣû˵Ⱥӵ
ͷճ׻ȴǵĶȻʮĬͲɺϣ
ֵܣݼݼ
ǿһٶ֣֣һϣ
ã
٣ԼܳӦһǿһֱͬӭ˸ԲͬĽճ׻ڿ񽣣ɢվݼݼߣԾԾԵݼݼ񽣲δ˵ʲô
ڣݼݼǲʲôΣյġ
𡭡
ء
ϡ
Ļļսչ
һǿ˹ڽճ׻ϵʱȴǸûκ˺ۣԽ̼ͻԣڼսʱ䣬Ȼ·硣
ݼݼʮżüҪȥ񽣸
ڿԼȴһĨ˼Ĺâ
ǿһĲԾֱֻڣԾҲֲԾԴͷ
׸磬ȥҴɩǰɣ
ǿԽΣգݼݼſ񽣵ֱۣĿ
ΪһܰǣһЦ
ţ׸һеģݼݼͷ죬
ֱУκһ˶޷ܾ
Ҳˡ
˵
һЦãÿҵķݶϣҾͰ㣡
˵䣬Ѿƺ«䣬һҡĳǰȥ浣Ļ᲻һͻڵء


1761 𺳳֣Ŀģ
ףʲôȥݼݼ
񽣹俴ֵɵӣǿŭһغ

ʱԲ֮£ǿ۱ǽճ׻ҧһڣʱתӣ¶ҪֱҪˡ
ȻˣǿʹĴ˳ɫ԰ףͷȫ亹
ǿ硭
һʱļκܳɶҲͬˡ
ֱǽճ׻ļսҲΪһԽΣһҺǿסϧȴ·硣
ףҪʲô
ſ񽣼ɫ䣬ɴ˿̵ȴ޷˵ʲôĻΪǽճ׻ҵĹУǸû취ڣֵԵôѡ
ˣǶ˺ɣ
񽣺һھƣɢĵͷͽˣ
ʲô
⻰˾һ㶡
ܳȫһֿ׳յ۾񽣣ӶΪķҲǲɵ¶֮ɫ
ˣ
񽣴ȳȴû
ˣ
üһԭʧǿʼǷ٣ܳˣֻǰһһɾ޴ӿɲǣǼûʲôӦ㱻ǹɾֱӴ˺ݼݼߡ
ǿ˵ƽŵأҲ֪ǷǹģܳɾһײһŴϣŪǴҡҡλΣЩҶ׷Ʈ䣬ܳɴҲǱŪñףǱѡ
ף㡭
ܳסΣҪתͷŭ֮ʣȴʲô˵ˡ
ǿǿҲ𾪲ѣһ˫˫ӾͲûֱӵڵϡ
ΨݼݼΪ˷֣ܵϽµ׸׸ͣŶ
ԭڿ񽣽͵ɲǣͷճ׻ȴ뽫Ŀ˿ϣһĻУͷϻѾǳڵλ˹ȥ
Ϊ˲¶ݣؽûóôֿȭͷճ׻վһ
ʥصҪԸͷϻ㲻ʲô̫⣬ԴʱսȻƼңʵϿȴԵΪɣܹʱʱسϼڡ
׼ȷ˵ӦòǼսˣֻ˵ǿ񽣵һϷˣ
ôܣ
ҿĿɿڴܳɸţǾĹâ˸ôôǿܣ
뵽֮ǰɱܳɱֻëֱĸо·ϵʹ඼Ƶġ
˿𺳳ֵΣܳɳ˿־廹ǿ־壬ͺ¿񽣻֣ʱǿǰæҲܾȵ
ء
䡭
ⲻ𣬿񽣽ⲫһ㣬ͷճ׻ϼսռϷ磬Եôڡ
أ
ʮӹȥ񽣺һȭӳͷճ׻ֱӺ˳ȥײ˺üôſͣ£ԭǿǿ޷ƵĻƤǳ˲ٵѪۡ
Ϊܵ˿񽣵ʵͷճ׻ס֮󣬾ҲǰԭĻĿУ¶һĨԻĿ־壡
𡭡
ͷճ׻״ȴǽŭҪٴγȥ
վס
񽣶Ȼ˫һУ̺Ԫһ
ȻֻͷϻԣԶǿˣֻ΢һЩѡ
ñվס˾ͻվס
˿񽣵ĻǿǼΪǣͷճ׻Ȼվԭء
㣬ʵվ
֣ͷɳȥĽճ׻ҲԹԵ˹˫ĿǾ⡣
֪ܹҵĻ
ߵͷϻǰﲢûʲô⣬ҲǱǹӶĳģҵ֮Ǿͻ뿪
֮ǰ˹ȵ·ϣѾݼݼ˵һڵҪʲô񽣲Ҳûȥʡ
ҲֻǿݼݼϲŸһġ
ôʲô
ǲĻͿҹȻҽͰƤ
˵ţ˫ʵʵľâȻͷճ׻һ漴ǹڵͺ뿪ˡ
һĻǿ˿ø𺳲ѡ
һ񽣵Ŀž֮ɫǻ֪ôħ޴򽻵
ȻܹģҲҪ㹻ǿʵΪ̣ȻֻܳΪЩħǵĸʳ
̫ˣ׸磡̫ˣ
ͷճ׻Ժݼݼһʱ嵽˿ǰֱ§סֱ涼ֱ˿ϣ˫ֱס񽣵Ĳӣ˫ȸǿ䣬֮ûһ϶
ܳɿһĻ۾ҪˣɴʱȴҲҶ˵ʲô
ݼݼɺͳ
ǿһ䣬ݼݼͷԹԵɿ˿񽣣Ծɽץס֡
˼ֵܣСʵ̫һЩ
ǿǰǸͬʱҲΪ֮ǰֵʾǸϣֵܹԭ£
׸磬ͱҴݼݼҲſ񽣵֣Ϊĵ
վǿߣЦݣע⵽ݼݼԴ񽣵̬֮ʱȴ¶һĨζЦݡ
֪뵽ʲôֶЩġ
ˣҲû£ȥľͲˣЦ˵úõĺϼǣ
ֵܹȻѰˣ
ǿһҲЦˣãȻȥ֮Ҷֵܺȸ飡
ĻҲһЦ
Ҳһ
ܳԥһ£ջǾʾá
ɱΪݼݼԿ񽣵Ĳ˿ȴҲ˿ı¶
Ů֮ĻҲֵϼʱҲЦӯӯĵ
ãʱһݣ
һЦԵüΪ
ڴʱ۾ȴ¶ۼܳӹһʵĻˣĲ
ֵܣˣ
ǿһ΢ɾĵط£ȻҲкһ
ݼݼɽſ񽣵ûſֻǿҲûٶ˵һ䡣
֮ǰ񽣵ı֣ʶû𣬱Ͼ˼ʵ˼ҵ顣
ˣֵܻ֪ǴеĿİɣ
һǿЦԵʵν˹ȣ˱֮⣬ҪĿȴ֮ǰ˵һ߲ʷɲݣ
߲ʷɲݣ
˲һ㶡
ⷽȷǲô˽⡣
Ǻǣֵ֪
ǿЦЦ͵߲ʷɲеɣȴѡָֻ֣һЩʶзɲ֮˵׼ȷӦǷ˵Ŀˮڵ֮󣬾ʱĳһݡ
߲ʣָķɲݵɫÿʮ᳤һɫ߲Ȼʮˣ
ǿ˵񽣲ʵ߲ʷɲʲô
Ϊǵ
ǿЦһ£סݼݼͷٵ֣ɫмȻ


1762 񽣵İ취
ĸ
һæĸʲôˣŶ˼Ҷⷽ沢˽⣬Թ߲ʷɲݵҲ֪
Ǻǣû£
ǿЦЦݼݼǾС죬˵׸磬һֶأֵģûʲô֮˵߲ʷɲݣŻôżĹأ
ֵ֪ɲǷ˵ĿˮȻܾ߱ǰЧҲһЩãܹ߲ʷɲݵľô㲻ܳ׸ҲԵõĻ⣡һҲ㹻ʱȥѰҽҩǿ˵
ԭˣ
񽣵ͷȭȭТ֮ģȷ˸жˣǾͿȥҰɣһҵҲܹòĸһЩ
Ķôװ
ǿЦһ£˵˹ȻΪɽȣʵȴǴɽ߲ʷɲݣֻ֪û˵֪Ķܹҵˣ
˵Щ鷳
°ͣҲǼΪΡ
׸磬ûа취
ݼݼס񽣵ֱۣգŴ۾ʵ
ңôܻУ
񽣿Цǵһβͣ˵߲ʷɲݵģ

ݼݼˣȴǼΪʧ
飬κһ˼˶Ĳ̰ɣ
ãǿֵˣ
ǿ˵ֻҪŬѰңһҵõģдȱ֮ģҲĿôǶȥ
ǰСã
ҲȰοһģ
ԱߣκܳɶҲ׷׳Ȱ˵ţڿȴ΢΢ü
ףҪ˾޴ɽѰֻ֪߲ʷɲݣǴ롣
˵ʵڵģ⼸г֮ܳ⣬˸񽣵ĸй۶ʮֺãǻÿɰֵȴֳݼݼÿ񽣲ġ
ȻⲢǰֻһָԴõĹģ
Ψһķǽ߲ʷɲҵһҪܹɹժȥҪĸеĶ
ⶾ񽣿϶ǲеˣ
ܹģǾȫҵ߲ʷɲݣ̸ף
һʱ䣬֮նЩء
ݼݼץſ񽣣ҧ촽Ҳû֮ǰֻÿɰ
ΣһҪҵ
ǿվȭ˼£ڸԼ
а취
۾һȴǺĿ˵
ৡ
һӣ˵ĿȫϣݼݼǼĵ׸磬а취㲻Ϊ˺ҿģô˵İɣ
ܳɵȴЦѡ
׵ʵǿѰ֮⣬Ҳİ취ߣ
ôƭݼݼأ
ݼݼں㷢ϸЦ
ֵܣ㡭
ǿҲǼΪ

ҡҡͷδ˵ʲôչǰȥȻٶȣܹǿǸϡ
ȥʲôطδ˵
۾΢Уעŵĺۼ˼ٶУƣʱʱػת䷽ȴʮӺһСϪߡ
ͷճ׻ںˮһͷȻ˵ģҲǿ֮ǰˡ
׸磬ʲôݼݼܲʵ
ǺǣһǾ֪ˣ
ЦЦȵȣ
˵꣬һ˳Ϫȥͷճ׻Ҳ˿ǵĴڣɵһӣ־衣ȴûóȻֵ˼ϾҲ֪ǿ񽣵Ķ֡
ţûж⣡
񽣾ֱߵĻǰΪ˱ʾ⣬Գְͷ˵ϻˣҲĻĿ˲١
ˣˣŵҩͻˣ
ӺƽĿιһһŵҩ޽䱸֮
ǰһĻǿǿֱ
֮ĺгǰӲģϾͷճ׻ɶʵʵİ˼ħްսĻ¾һЩľżħ޲
ǣֻһһ⣡
ЦЦ鼫Ϊº͵Ե
׸磬òЩϻȥҰɣݼݼ۾һЩŵȴʮڴĵ
ǰȥҡ
ݼݼĻǿǼ˵ɴ飬š
ܿ죬񽣱ôˡ
ֻԵǰȥһ߲ʵݣֽ߲ʷɲݣڵ׳ʲôӾͲ֪ˣӦɽУǳڴˣӦñǸ˽
˿񽣵Ļͷճ׻Щ΢漴໥ͺ˼ƺڽһ㣬ջͷˣȴֱƵĲĽճ׻ߵߵͺһͬʱſҧס񽣵䣬СϪηקš
Ȼţ
ͷϻĶԶǿǶʱϲѡ
˺ˣɣǹȥСһţ֮
𡭡
ͷճ׻ԹԵĵ˵Դ
һЦȴǷ˻ϣСһɴԺͽнףô
𡭡
ףҲǿµͷճ׻ĵĽһ
ãһף
һЦǿһ֣ϣ
ˣ
˼߲ʷɲҲǼѵæ˹
Դˣڽ׵Ĵ£ǿǽϽ֮ʮ֮ǰȴޱȲõЦݣκܳҲˡ
׸硭
СϪһԽ׻ЩǿȴǷ˲٣ݼݼǺһҧ촽첽˽ԱߣڽױϵĿ񽣣ֹһģ
Ѿͷ
һӱ㿴ݼݼ룬һЦǳ֣ɣֻҪ㲻£
лл׸磡
ݼݼĵЦק˽ױϣȴҲ˿񽣵ĻУ̬ȷΪǡ
𡭡
׵ǲԸĵͺ˼
ʲô֣㣡ߣ
һĽ׵ĴԴָι뼸ŵҩһﰲ
׸磬кö൤ҩ𣿡
ڿ񽣻УݼݼգŴ۾ʵ
ǺǣһЩŵ㣡
Ҳԥó˼ƿҩݵУ涼бעֺ͹ãҲõĻô
лл׸磡
ݼݼϲѣڿһڣÿЦĸǿˡ
ǿ񽣣ݼݼǴʱദûŮУֻã֮ǰˡ
ע⵽һеǿͷ˲һεãʲô仯ΨܳɫˮɰڶԿ񽣵ľ⣬ȴָҶ˵ʲôֺֻܽĵס
һҵᣬԻԥɱ֣
ȻǰԪڵʵҪܹɱ˿񽣣
˳ˡ
н׵Ĵ·һ˴ŰСʱѾԽԽɽڼҲ˲ٵħޣΪн׵ĴڣȴûиģͬΪ˼һЩħҲˡ


1763 ݼݼջ
׸磬ȥ֮ҸŪܶܶþƺŶ
ۣ
׸磬õ߲ʷɲԺһؼҺòã
ȥʲô
ȥôþۣ
ðɣѾͷ
׸ÿ
һ·ݼݼԴ񽣵̬ȴԽǣ͹ڿƵġ
˶ˣ׸硭
ȻʲôƵģݼݼʵ׸磬ղǵʱŶ㵽ʲôʵѽҵǿ𣿡
ʲôʵ
񽣺һھƣǺЦѣ
ʲôŲأҵû׸ǿأݼݼ죬ҡԴ
ǿˣȴһ
ôǿԼϵ
û˵ʵҲͬʱú治ѵ⼸˶Щʧ
Ҫ׸磬ǻȥ֮ͺҵһܰɣ׸ȥѵһأ϶ܺÿأݼݼЦѵ˵
ѾͷôôŹֵģ
ҲǿЦãڴԼױĹŮ
ֻһҰɣ
񽣳ݼݼСǣѾͷ콿һ¡
׸磬ҪȾƣ
ã㣡
񽣽ƺ«˹ȥݼݼҲǺĽӹ㹾ཹཱུĺ˺üڣ漴ȴȻʲôƵģȥĿžƺ«ѽ׸磬أƺ«ôľƺûأ
أһЦ
Ҳѽ
ݼݼͷһڿ񽣵Ľָ漴۾һĵ֪϶ǺʹָһĹܣ԰ɣ

ҲЦŵͷר˰æƵĺ«ĿռȻ󣬵װϸǧľƻûģ
Ŷ
˿񽣵Ļݼݼ۾˲Ź⣬ͬþƵƺ«ϲ˼㣬׸硭
˿̵岻ѣͷˡ
ɲУ
ҡҡͷԵһʱ䣬һ˰Ҳһ«ѾΪˣǲܸʹõģ
ðɣ
ݼݼȻЩʧǺܿĻָЦӯӯĳ֣˵Ŷ
㰡У
ݼݼСӵľٶ񽣲С
ǿںˣҲЩЦãҲͬڿ񽣵ı֡
ָö˵Ȼһƺ«Ǻε˷ѵľٶ
ΣݼݼͿദôǢΪֳǿҲʮֿģһҪһĳ嶯ˡ

˲ʱ״ŴһٲǰͣҲ˺ԶԶСϪľͷ
ǰٲǼߵͱڣ˵ƣȴͬҼΪ𺳵ĸо
Ұأж˺ܶƢķҷ
𡭡
׳ǰٲ˼Ҳ׵ĵͷݼݼӻһԾ¡
óŵҩιĴԴЦףллˣȥɣ
𡭡
Ȼڳ˵ҩԺȴһҡͷԡ
ôҪңСһ
Ҫܾ漴ݼݼ۾ŹӣȴǺĸĿڵɣףԺ͸ݼݼҵӣôұ֤չչ˵úܺõģ
ǰǰݼݼͷ
𡭡
ȻȴҡͷԣȻǲͬġ
СһˣƢ
۾һɣҪ͸ݼݼҪ͸ɴԼѡ
𡭡
׺ίĳ񽣵ͺ˼ǹԹԵߵݼݼǰͷһ£ʾ׽

ݼݼЦѣŽ׵Դݺݵһڣý¶Ρ
ȻѡԺҪԹԵ׷ݼݼҪʲô⣬СҰƤ
˵ҲԹԵصͺӦŵ
ݼݼ
еݼݼ̴ӽ׵ĴԴ̧ͷգˮĴ۾񽣣׸磬ôˣ
һѪڽ׶ͷϣЩݾܾ˵

ݼݼһǿǶЩ⡣
ôҵģһЦ
ðɣ
ݼݼ˾죬ЩµĴָϼһѪŽ׵Ķͷȥ
Сһֿ
񽣵һ䣬ΪҪ㿪Ľһ漴ôӿƳһΪǵѪס󣬷ɿû뵽˽׶ͷ
ʱ䣬ݼݼͽ֮һΪʵĹΣһһΪܵı˫ۡ
ݼݼϣСһˣ
񽣳һ£кȻһ˸ŽɫĹâǽԵľżħ
⡭
Աߵǿ˿۾Ź⡣
ǾżħҪǷ棬²֪жҪΪ֮ͷѪ
ȥ
һָǾżħʱһâֱû˽ڣý׶ʱƷǣܵܵʲôƵģɿӿ뵽ڡ
ڡ
ţ·һŰֽƵȻǽҲ͵˫ۣһ쳹صĻ·濪ʼ˽Ĳ
ͻƵżħˣ
ǿǿĸֱ񣬼ֱš
Сһ˷ˣ
񽣲ĵһۣ׶ʱסɵĲ˲񽣵Ĵȡ
ʱĶʲôϻƣֱһֻĹè
׸硭
ʱݼݼҲ۾˷ܲѵؽеҺͽ׿˵Ŷ
ѾΪԺֻһ˵Ļ
ḧݼݼ㷢ЦҲҪúõչŶ˵ԺԶһʥ޻أ
϶أҺͽ׿Ǻýأ
ݼݼٵĵԴŽ׵ĻͷһĦ
ʥޡ
ǿøɫֱʲôƵġ
׽Ϊʥޣ
ˣ㾡һȥҲǾûжģ
ܳҲӿ죬λȥ֮ҵҪȥ븸ˣݼݼҵģҲֻҵģ
׸磬лл
ݼݼĲѣԴʶԼ׸ųΪĹ
ˣѾͷ
񽣳ЦЦ漴ǿǿڵǿ硭
ԺֱӽǿˣҪǿҲУǿæ
Уǿӣ
ҲŤЦָǰٲݽ˵ҵ߲ʷɲݾ棡
ģǿš
磬أö˵أݼݼҲͷ
ãã̫ˣ̫ˣ
ǿ˷ܵ˼㣬ͲûֱӴӵϱˡ
ǿ磬ǽȥɣٿЦõĵ
ԣԣߣϽȥõ֣ǿƽһЩ
ߣ
ܿ죬ұһͬȥǵļٲֱٲ֮ʯУ˵ĿⶼǰǸ߲ˮ̶ˣֱѤõ˼㡣


1764 䣬ݼݼĻ
ٲʯʵ㲻ô಻Ҳǰƽ׶ѡ
Ȼʯͷˮ̶ȴ߲ʹâƲݣ·ʯһ߲ϼƵģѤöĿ֮С
Ǹˮ̶߲ʹâвԣɾ˻нͷճ׻סˣԾؽ͵㣬Ψֽһ
Ǿ߲ʷɲ𣿡
ݼݼľϲ
ǰˮ̶ϣһݷŮһչ֫ʮĸ߲ܵʹâԴͷҲǳݡ
ǵģ϶ģ
ǿҲǼսȭͷ
߲ʷɲݣǵĸ֮ᱻҲԸ¸ʱ䡣
ݽ˵⴦ɽֻ߲ݣӦ߲ʷɲˣҲЦǺǵĵ
ۣ̫ˣ
ǿͷһͬˮ̶Աߡ
磬ȥժɣݼݼǿż˵
ңãã
ǿһ£æСĳ߲ʷɲȥ
ˮ̶վ̶߾ͿԺɵĴˮ̶߲ʷɲݡ
ԭΪʲô֣һֱȵǿ߲ʷɲõУվȺûκ֣Ҳô΢һ
ȻҲˡ
ϾǿҲͦƢټݼݼѾͷĸ磬ȻԸ⿴ǿ¡
ϲ㰡ǿӣ
ǿ㽫߲ʷɲպãļЦӲĸӦþͻתˣ
лллл
ǿĶ֪˵ʲô
ûп񽣵ĻǸôõ߲ʷɲݣǸý״·
Ҫģǻʱ佫ɽȫ꣬ǽ״·ĻǿҲ뵽߲ʷɲݻôһٲɽС
ǰװ˷ʱ䣬һĸ׵жû˿ܵĻ⣡
֮ܶһ仰ǿңҲܼ
ݼݼСϷҪÿ񽣸ţôܻջ
£ܹʶ񽣣Ҳǿг߲ʷɲ֮⣬һջˡ
׸硭
Ȼ䣬ݼݼ˿񽣺ǿм䣬ֽʯһԵĽУ˲ĿУݼݼĵ׸磬ʵа취ģ԰ɣò߲ʷɲݣǲǣ
ɵѾͷʲô취ҡ
񽣿Цһ£ҡͷ׼˵ʲôʱݼݼȴСһģ׸磬ƭˣ㶼ܹݼݼô൤ҩôûнⶾأ
ҡףɵѾͷ㵹ͦģ˵ãһ˵һˣ
һ£кȻһƿ֮ǰݼݼǼƿ˵ȴԵҪӾһЩ
㣬߲ʷɲûʲôõĻ
һ߽ƿݵݼݼУһ߻˵
ȻĻû˵꣬Ȼʯѣԭƽˮ̶ˮ𵴣Ŀռ֮ˮ̶ӿʱұֻþϮ޵ֿ֮ıϳƼ
˾ˣȴһǿ񽣣
ˣǱȥɿȴƱסһ㣬һ䲻ϳˮ̶ķקͬʱڵĳ׻龧ѡ
һ䣬˭û뵽ģ
׸硭
ݼݼĿҪ޳ˡ
˶żȴûа취һɲǼ䣬ǶֱƳʯ
ڱƳȥһɲǣ˶ʮĿ񽣱ˮ̶Уգ۱㳹ʧȥкۼ
ء
ˣͷճ׻ڣ޷ı͵ٲ֮⡣
׸硭
ݼݼˣлſ񽣸ľƿ
ڣȴٲķˮգѡ
׸磡Ҫȥ׸磡׸硭
ݼݼƿպãԥıǳٲ˹ȥ
ʱ˿̣ľٶ⧲ץס
ء
Ȼݼݼڸһӽٲʱȴһɷ֮ȻԸٶȵ˻ȥ
Сãû°ɣ
Ҽæȥٵһʱ佫ݼݼ
ãٶݼݼģ
ţǿһٸһ̧ͷɲǣɫ˲䣬ݼݼȴɼΪĵĿţǿĻû
ʱٲһ߲ʹâٶ
ʲô߲ʹâֱûݼݼڣŲǱסݼݼķ٣߻ܹǿܳˣֱ˿ȥҲˡ
ô£
˶סˡ
ɢ߲ʹâŮٷȴƫƫ˫ۣ۵ݼݼǿһľ첻ѣȻ޾ĵǡ
ΨǽƺоʲôĿо¶һĨĽɵһԣͬػŮһ
ݼݼ
ǿܲĵĻҪȥ
ϾҪСʲô⣬ȥ֮ôĸ
Լöչ˲ãʲôʸ񵱸磿
𡭡
Ȼȴһӵǿǰϵصͺ
ɣǿҪǰĻ׾Իᳯȥ
ףʲôÿǿ״æ
ǿ磬ż
ȴƿʲôæǿ˻ȥ׺СѾͨСʲôΣյĻ׾Բôɵģ
ʲô˼ǿһʵ
룬ǲСõһλԵ
ٳ˵Ҽǵ˵Сó˵СǼһԵһСý겻Ǹպöʮ𣿡
⡭
ǿ⻰ɵɫһݡ
˵Ҳ֪ҲΪˣĸһֱûжݼݼϼӹ̣ܽȥĶȥĶôô棬뿴ʲôԵ
һֱȴôҶʧˣݼݼ棬ȴûЩ
˼˵ξݼݼĻԵǿЩš
ҪȻأٵͷʵ
ҡ
ǿһʱ߲ͣʹâݼݼԼ֮ĽףǿĲ֪˵ʲô
ˣµģȵȵȿɣѾ߲ʷɲõˣҲһ̣˵
Ҳֻˣ
ǿЦһ£ͷ΢˿һЩ
κܳɣȴҲЩģǱϾֻˣҲö˵ʲô
գ˱ﾲȺţڿ񽣣ƺѾԺΨһĵֻݼݼ
ǽټǿԺҲ»صݼݼԣԹԵſ
ʱһһĹȥȵʱ֣𽥻谵֮ʣݼݼΧ߲ʹâ𽥱մҲ֮˫ۡ
Ŷ
ǿĿϵɲǣݼݼȴ͵˷ܵĵŶҵԪ


1765 ľܼҵף
Ķ
񽣻ΧһУɵóסˡ
ΪﵽޱߵĻ棬յϣеĻޱŨûһ㣬ÿ𾪲ѡ
ڵĳ׻龧˿Ҳͷ·һ㣬ûп񽣵ĿƣڲϵܵĻÿ񽣸оһǰδе֮С
Ҫǰһֱ͵˰ɣ
һЦȫǵ⡣
ȻҲЩ裬ϾôһʮİһҪǳֵʲôΣգǺڶˣ
Ҫģûų׻龧Ḷ́ԵĸоʵȲ¾Ƶʵȷ޷ȴҲʵʵڴڵġ
Լҵĳؾ
ڿ񽣾ϲ;ɲѵʱ򣬶ϺȻһϤÿ񽣲ɵһ㶣ûĵӣɣװأ

һЦ󣬱طδл߳ûκεĿռ䲨
ԺܵĻŨһЩ
ӣôղ˵ʲôǰԼҵĳؾǴпռ˼𣿡
УʵôøǿˣҪۼ㣬ԸоĴڣ
ߴʳ˺ü⣬طͷߣæһͣƣͣ˵ȱʣ
ã
һ£ͷ
ʵġ
طϥڵϣɢɫĹâ˿ܵ绷Ӱ졣
漴ĽУҲطһС
ԭطǸɽĶϷɽкȻ뿪󣬾ֱӽؼҵĴпռ䣬ΪӰؾ
źһ龰ǻӰؾȴľѡ
Ӱľ˲ӰؾΪһ壬ͬʱҲط˱ӰؾһУڱӰؾбӰľĵĸطʵʥغܿʥ۷塭
Ժ󣬱Ӱľ½طڣ漴ط羹ȫоʥ֮Ƶģһֱ̱ͻƵһء
ȻҪĻͻƵͬʱȻ˵ؼҵ򣬱Ӱ
ڱӰУطƳΪƹľԶκֻҪľմߵĶط綼ܹ𡭡
ŵʱУطǲϵضԱӰƿϤĳһһת
ʱҲǿ񽣱ؾʱ䡣
㶼ˣ
񽣶ʱɴ˫ۣ͵ʲôƵģֵ԰ӣ㲻˵ǰԼҵĳؾôԽУڶڼԲôԶɱ𵱰ɵӰ
Ǹɵӣ
طûĵ㲻С˵ôĴ۷պλĸͬķλҲиԲͬԣãľǻ֮ʲô
ǻ򵥡ľ£񽣷һۣӻ浱ɵӲɣ
ⲻͽˣ
طұҲֻǳһ£ҲûܹӦиǰᣬҪõ֮ҾҲ²⣬Ӧֻ۷˲˾Ͳˣ
еУ֪ľ֮⻹л𣬽ˮˮľ˵
Ψһȱľˣ
طͷЦҵĴаȴԣ㲻ĵط
ˣ˵Щʲô
طЦʲô񽣣ɣҲȻȥһ㵽Ǿһȥ
ã
񽣵ͷطʹ֮뿪רĵı˫ۣ׻龧Ҳ֮ڷܿܳؾΪһ壬ÿ񽣷ɿ뵽˼ٵ״̬

ңûԼϽκӣֻһ㲻̫ׯ԰
֮ЩԵʣΪׯ԰ļƣҲǳɾЩ֮
ԴӴ˹ȻԺݼݼÿȥһѾ߲ʷɲݾ֮⣬϶㲻ԼһֱڷУԷŮͽġ
״ֻ̬ÿɰСȫͬ
ô𾪵ģǽͷճ׻Ĵˡ
ǿͷٵΪ֮˹ڷһУɵҲԿ֮׶˼ֺ档
ҲԼŮô仯ôʮа˾ϲǸףҲõ׵ڶ˼ֵǣһֱ֣ĳʲô⣬ݼݼ񲻻һֱѹ
ף˵׸Ĳ𣿡
𡭡
ûµĻⶼȥʮ׸ôأ
𡭡
ѽ˭˵ģףأ׸ֻҸأҪٸ˵Сϲ⣬ߺߣ
Ҳ֪׵˵Щʲôݼݼʱ糺죬ɬ˼㡣
顭
ʱűˡ
һɲǵĹݼݼɬٴαĮһЩ
Ŵ򿪣ȴǷ١
ɩӣ٣ݼݼŻָ˲١
Сãȥܼˣԥһ£˵
ܼңܳɴ𣿡ݼݼʵ
ֻܼˣٻص
ʲô
ȥ֪ˣҪȥģò᲻ȥɣǿɲ̫òŶ˵
ðɺðɣߺߣˣףߣ
˾죬ݼݼкŽһͬȥһ·˲ٵˣ׷׽šٷˡ͡С㡯Ǵ󲿷ֵĿⶼ˽ϡ
ʮ˭֪ԼҶСһͷϻϻҧˣԵʮֹɣҲý׳Ϊ˲ҪпһۣǰһµĶ
Ϊ׼һֱݼݼķУ˼Ů֮⣬˱˵ˣûʲôῴһ۵ġ
ͬʱǻУܼ֮ҼҲܳɵĸܱλϣ׷ֱǿܳɶˣǿݼݼţΪ߲ʷɲѹ˶صԵʣµɫ˲٣ٴǾûκġ
ǻ룬ȴǰڷŲٵУÿһжô񲼲ţԵüΪ
ЩѰƷܼã
ܼ֮ҼܱԼܳɵĵΪľףȻҲҶСݼݼˡ
ְҺҷûʲôģֶܳҲܹ֮Ҳһ°
Ц˵ȴδ˵̫϶Ҳ֪һ򲻻ֶŮ£ǿӺٶˣݼݼҲ룬ҲҪͶϲŶԣ
˵ǣ
ܱҲЦŵͷҼҳɶҲһֱݼݼֶŮǲѣҲ໥˽ˣݼݼֶŮӦòᷴ԰ɣұ֤ҪһԺݼݼҵ׹Ůѵ㻹һֶŮ𣿡
⵹ǣҡ
ܱĻҡͷû˵꣬ݼݼ洫˽Ҳޣ


1766 ܼҵķŭ
Ҳޣ
ֵĳ֣ݼݼͷٵͬʱ
ݼݼ˵ʲôޣĳ
ݼݼ˰
ܳӭȥûߵݼݼǰɫһףæ˼ԵüΪǱ
Ϊ׺ĴӺ˳ݼݼ֮䣬Ҹڵŭ𣬴Ҫȥơ
ף
ݼݼס˽ףɵĳڳȻҲܱ
ֶŮض񣡡
ܱǺЦһĨףȴԾЦݵĵǳɶ˵Ľ˰ɣȻưֶŮܹýɾͱض
ҵã
ݼݼһڽ׵Դϸ
ҲǵĲ˲䣬ŭܳɵĻĿȴᡣ
ݼݼ񣡡ٴγ
ҿˣֶŮǸ
ܱԵȺܴϵЦݶûһ֣ڵôģҲֻܱԼˡ
ܲԲ𣡡
ݼݼҲ֮һǸҲ漴ͻ˲١
÷ٺ£ٴιԹԵſݼݼߺܱЦ˵ݼݼҼҳɶô
ܴܺð
ݼݼͷ˵Ļܳɶʱһϲ
ֻǽɴأһҵĺø磡
һתۣȴܳɫ˲䡣
ǺǣҲദ˲Ż
ܱ˿ЦݼݼղΪʲô˵أѵ𣿡
ûأ
ݼݼҡҡͷ
˵ģȷǽ񽣵˴磬̬Ƚ֮κܳҪһЩѡ
УûмκŮ֮顣
⻰һţҲǶȻŵġ
ݼݼǲϲǸ׵ļһ
ʵ̲סˣܳɵʵ
ʲôõģ
ʲô֪ǹӽ㣬Ļ죡
ݼݼˣҪˣСǣ
ܳɽϵ˵ţݼݼȴһ䣬׼ô˵׸磡
𡭡
ͬһʱ䣬ԭɢſڵϵĽ׶վͺгܳŭĿӡ
ֻҪݼݼһ£ԥ˹ȥܳһҧ
ݼݼ㡭ҡ
ܳһңֵĸΪǱ
˿̣ҲɫΪƣǿü֮ܳǰЩĻ»Ļͬݼݼһֱŭˡ
һʱ䣬ڵٴν˲١
ǺǺǡ
ܱۣ漴ȴЦ˺ˣݼݼǳɶðˣҲҲǹ㣡
ݼݼ£Ҳ֮ڡ
ߣ
ݼݼŽһŽ֮ٴҲǼæչȥοݼݼı΢ÿһ㡣
˼ֶ֣ŮҲƽʱ̫һЩλҪϣǸǺǡû£С
ܱЦŰڰ֣漴ЩЩ˻Ҫע⣬ֹĻ죡о׻˵ú𣿻Ƥѻǣ֪֪治֪ģ
ԣԣͷš
һЩʶˣ
ܱ˽ļڣȻû˵꣬һǺȻ⴫˽ʶôˣܼ˵𣿡
ϲڱ˵˻ˣҲʲô˰ɣװף㲻ǹ
֮һϷʵ
ʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼˢˢĳſȥ
׸硭
ৡ
Ȼڼһ˵ɲǣݼݼͬ鳲Ƶ˵˴˻Уˮ˳
ǿ֮ףԱ˵ŵ٩ģȻҲǷطˡ
ڳؾе񽣳ɹĴﵽ򣬲ĳ
˴ؾ뿪󣬱һ·ׯ԰ݼݼһϲţȴû뵽˸ղЩϷ
ɵѾͷʲôޣⲻǺúõ𣿡
һֲݼݼˮЦ
ţҾ֪׸һҵģݼݼԴȻӿ񽣻ȥˣɽֱۡ
һĻܳɿ۾Ҫ
ǹ˼ɿ񽣵ʵҪֱŭˡ
Ը磡
ǿͷҲǰк
ƺʼֵܣԸ磬ҲŶԿ־С
׼壬̣
ǰһֽܵλ֣ҵĺֵܣ
ط֡
񽣵ġסһǴŸԵȻ˽ǵˣȻὫǺͿ񽣣طϵһ
ֶֶض񣡡
Ц£漴ԵȮӺСŮ˹֮УҲֶæȻĻ밡
ˣ
ЦҺǿһʣݼݼһʲô
ǺǣǣǣЦŵͷ񽣵̬ȸ
λֶ򵥰
ȫ˵ܳɸɫΪѿܱȴǻԵܹշճ׻ǿʵֶ֪ţɷ֪
ΪʲôҪ㣿
ܱ󣬿񽣾ȫû˸ղŵ̬ߵ
㡭
ܱòУԴǼԺܼʵܱͣΪʥصĸ֣ӹ
ף㾹ȻҶҸ񣡡
ܳҲ˳ŭſ񽣡
񣿺Ǻǣңڱ˵˻ôЦŻص
㣬ҡʲôʱ˵㻵ˣ
ڿĿУܳɫ䣬ǲɵѿڽƱ硣
ӣȴǶɫ΢䣬ԭܳɵ̶ҲǽͲ١
Ҷڳʵѣ
ܱޱ֮ѵͲ˵˵
׸Ųأݼݼ
ݼݼ㻹СױƭЩ˰ǹӽģҪҲܱ˵
Ųأ׸ˣ
ݼݼ׼˵ʲôȴǽݼݼ˵ˣֱﲻһʲô˵ģҺûӦ޸ܳɣȻĻ²ı磡
ţ׸ÿݼݼüЦͷ
ǵ̬ȣ¾ǿˣЩԴס
ע⵽˫ԵüΪ˸õĳ֮ҲǶԿ񽣵ĺøиࡣ
Сӣ֪ʲôӿڳ𣿡
ܱķŭˣҲ˲ң㵱ŭĿӣҲ֮˼Ϊǿƣſǵصӿȥ
ף㣡
񽣼״ݼݼ͵Ƶ˽ԣֳطʹһɫʾҵˣŤͷܱȥÿܼĪǣΪܼ𣿡
Сӣһٶң
˵ܱ꣬ץסܳɣ˲䳯漤ȥۣЦŽü֮˿ĿЦãȴҲæϣݼݼֱ˽׵ĻϣԾǰ桭


1767 ܱ֮
ׯ԰ʮ￪⣬һΪƽء
ܱܳɱȻҲǽʱ䲻롣
ҲܱɵɫһЩ
ûóٶȣȴҲһܹȵ˵ġ
ԣܱУ񽣾Ѿ̤ʥ򣬵ſݣܱҲûǰ׵ʵᳬʥأ
ɶ˵һԣ
ܱ󻺻ԵǼչ˺үҪүһͷôʰǣ
ǣ
⼸ܼǼæӦŵ
Ȼܱеġʰ־ûô򵥣
ৡ
ܿ죬Ҳ˹
ǣ£ǿǣŷ٣ݼݼڽױϣطҲǲĸԱߡ
Ҽ֮⣬طȴһɢɣûнܼҷ
ܼǿߵܱҲֻʥضѡ
˵˳򣬾ǰĿ񽣣ҪŰҲֻǷַӵˡ
׸硭
ݼݼմӽױҪ񽣡
ݼݼȥ
񽣼æе

˵䣬ݼݼȴѾ嵽ǰŭܱ壬̫ˣ㡭
ݼݼ
ûݼݼ˵꣬ȴԵȥ
׸硭
ݼݼľ˾졣
ɫ΢ȻһЩ
ðɣ
ݼݼŹԹԵӦһΪߵĳܱһۣŹԹԵ˻ȥ
ݼݼǰɣģ׸粻µģ
ط֮ЦŵֻҪúÿϷУ
ֶֿʥصʵֶȴǵĵĵ
ļɣ
طЦҡҡͷ״Ҳö˵Ǻһͬվԭء
ط磬ȴָǽ׵Դ
ֵǣһֱǿͷٶôԸ䴥Ľףطĸȴ˿ûκβԴȥ˲طƣҼ˿Ϊ
УֵҲһܲأ
ǰ룬ܱǷŭһ˫ƺҲΪŭֳһĨѪ죬ÿע⵽Щ󣬲ۡ
Сӣ
ſ񽣣ܱ˵ĳЩԨԴ㳤ϣһһ
ǺǺǡ
Ц˳ȫǳ
ЦʲôܱɫһѪɫ
ûûУ
񽣰ڰ֣ҲˣûгԨԴҪʹ򣬱ôϻ
Сӣ
˿񽣻еĲмܱΪŭ
µ˲䣬ȴʲôҲֱܵӳˡ
˲һ㣬˶ȭͷȻ˿ǰǿӿҪһȭ㽫ֱƵġ
׸磬İ
Ǳ߼˽ŲѣݼݼʧĽ˳
Ψطǰ㲻м飬Ž׵Դý׼Ϊ˼ͬɼèƵġ
أ
һǿĲĽôҲĿ΢ݡ

һҺһӰǱѵļٷɳ
ȴǿ񽣣ܱ
ɳʮԶͣ£ʱܱ˲٣ǸղŻӳȭͷָǲϲȻܵķ֮Ժء
⡭ôܣ˿Ŀɿڴ
Ү׸ðݼݼȸԾŵĵȫȻ٣ȡ֮ȴޱȵ˷ܡ
ס
ܳɼˣȴҪ
ү
ܱ󵱼ǼܼҲϽܳס
㣬㵽ʲôˣôôǿʵ
ܱŤͷ񽣣εһ˿˿ľ⡣
񽣵ʵʵ˿̵ܱȴҲΪʵ
䷽ŵĳ֣ȻȫʩΪʵȴҲ߰˳ˣɼˣ񽣾Ȼվԭֻһȭĸ񵲣ǰĵɶ
ܱоһǰδеΣ
ʸЩ𣿡
ܱĻЦղˣҲֵ˰ɣ
ŵСӣ
ܱ󵱼ŭ־ҵҪǲôǿ
ãҾʶʶ
ո£񽣵αԭʧƻһֱӳܱǰָ߸ǺȻ¡
Ŀܱ꣬
㡭
ܱΪмҪЧ¿񽣸ղŵľٶ
漴ҪֵոֱۣȴǸоһǿɫ䣬ȴҲ㲻ˡ
ǲ
ҽһұ˲䱻ֱӴϵĴȥ
ž
ţһĶȻ
ܱ󱻴ԭת˺üȦ˲ʺָӡֶ
ۡ
סκһŵͬʱѪĭż˳
ǿ
ܱ뷨ͬʱУ޾ľ⡣
ͬʱȴޱȵķŭ
ܼ֮ϴ֮⣬ʲôʱܵ裿
жڿ񽣵ɱ⣬ҲԽǿҵ
ͬʱԶ˿ĳױסˡ
һ⣬һĶ⣬ǿ裬Ǹܵ˿񽣵ǿƣ
ޱңԼĶŮܹʶѣ
׸ðŶ
ݼݼĵϵС֣Ҳǵͺ˼ڸ񽣼һ㡣
ܱܼһ𣿡
񽣻һЦɱңһøһˬģ
ҡ
˿񽣵Ļܱɫ䡣
û˵꣬񽣵Ʊٴζ
žžž
ĶⲻȳܱӦ
ԴҲϰڶѪĭǽ˾ľ׮ƵģɿŶ⡣
ÿÿҪȴǱһˣκλ֮
ʥأʱȴСӶ硣
裬ܿͷΪŭ޲ýʬΣѪ
Ӻ󣬿ͣˣһͷʳ¯
㣬㡭
̧̧ܱۣѪ˿ͷͲѡ
ģȴżֺЦ
ǹ˼ŵطԵĻ´ҶҪֱӴЦˡ
˹Ȼ㣡
ǣǣ
ܱ˲æԶȥܼҲǴܳɽ
УҪ֪Ҷұܼ£
񽣱ܱ˶Уܱ󲻽һģܵٶȸ˲١
ԺܱǷᱨ¿˵Ҳ㡣
ڿΪʲôھ͸ɴĽܱʵҲԼԭ
׸磬̫ˣ
ܼһ˵ǱӴܣݼݼһ˵˿񽣻УԴһڡ
Ѿͷһˮ
񽣿ЦõĽѾͷͷῪϵĿˮΡ
ֶȻȥ˵ɣ
ݼݼļڼ֮࣬ȴżֵĵǣкſ񽣺طصׯ԰Ŀº󣬱ֶֶϢϢǿ뿪ɣܼҿɲǰһģ


1768 ҵĸмݱ¶
ƺܼҼΪ˼ɣ
Ļº󣬿ȴЦǺǵʵ
ͬʱԹԵĴ򿪾ƺ«һڣ̬ƺδĻϡ
˼ɡǰɣ
Цһ£λֶ֪ǰܼҺҲ˶٣ܱҵʵҲڲ֮䣬ǰʱܱʵȻǣ̶̲ʥʥأҡ˵ʵڵģ治Ķ֣
ܼҵʵҲ˴ȵܼҪԸҵĻγѹ֮ˣ
ˣһ̾ΪΡ
꣬ʥصʥء
񽣺طһۣΪѸ١
壬֪еԵ𣿡طʵ
֪
ҡҡͷȴ˫΢ݵļѪѲ˸ϵ
ŶҲ֪Ѫ£һЦʵ
ô֪ܲ
εĵڵѾѪµ£ׯ԰ʲôҲֻôһʥ֮ˣҲӲѪµħצ
žټǨƣϾµĻҵ
̾ϢѣȫΣңǰʱǿӺݼݼҲ֪ôºȻжһҾҪټǨҲǲܵˣ
ڵӦûָ˰ɣʵ
ǿõ߲ʷɲݣҲѹȥһղⶾǡ
ǸмĳЦЦ漴ȴֱó˲١
񣬶⣬Ǹθ½ⶾ
Ϊˣ㾡һжϧ
԰
û˵꣬ȴǺŤͷԣľƺ«ȾƵݼݼ˵ҲǸݼݼһŵҩ𣿡
ݼݼ
Ļڼ˵Ŀȫݼݼ˹ȥ
俴ݼݼȾƺȵһŮģûеӣ·򸾶˸ǿЦá
òϣǵиȴǳ硣
˵ʲô
ݼݼ¾ƺ«ʵ
ղֻźȾȥˣû˵Ľ̸ݡ
ݼݼƿҩأʵ
ѽǿҷ
ݼݼؾһӴӿд˳ȥڼ
ԴԸԺСһ㾫ûУҲΪˣЦ˵
⺢ӡ
ҲǿЦãܿݼݼ˻ŵǵʱ˹ٲʯУ񽣱ؾ֮ǰľƿ
׸磬˵𣿡
ݼݼƿݵǰͷأ
Ѿͷ
ݼݼĶͷϵ˵㣬漴ƿǰЦ壬̣ƿװŵһⵤҩΪƶ򵤣
ʲôãҲǺŶڰ֮
ЦЦ尢ŵùҵĻԣ
׸磬𣿡ݼݼʵ
ԱߣǿͷҲ۾ŹĽƿ
㻹ʲôó˰ɣݼݼߴٵ
Ǻǣãллֶˣ
Цŵͷɵıǽƿ򿪣ǿƶ򵤵˳
ЩɣϾû˵ֵҩ֡
ƶŵ߲ʹâ֮ʱȴ˲ޱȼ
ֶ⡭ʥƷҩ
ΪΪš
ţЦŵͷ̷ƶ֮󣬻Ҫæ˫²ſ𵽸øЧ
⡭̫˰ɣ
³ɵֶҪ㻹ûȥɣ
ˣ
Ц˵ȻʥƷҩȷΪ󣬿һֱݼݼÿֺҿ
԰԰׸˵öأݼݼٵĵСԴȫЦݡ
Ǻðɣֶлˣ
ҲɿˣǸм
ⵤҩóƿҪãЧŻﵽѣ
ЦǿӺݼݼǹһׯ԰֪尢ΪΣ
Ȼ⻰վºĽǶȿǣʮůˡ
Ȼʲô⣡
ЦŵͷǾǿӣٶݼݼλֶ߿ֶƣһҾ˷һЩľƣֶԣ
ĻҾͲˣһЦ
Һͼھʧˣ
˵ţһͬ뿪ˣ
ϾǽⶾϵµĽҪҸ԰ĵط
˿ƶʥƷҩ򸾶˶Խⶾ˼ģȻҲԿ񽣴˾ٳޱȵĸм
ʣ˭ܹһı㽫ʥƷҩˣ

ʱ䣬ôȥһֱʳ׻谵
񽣺طǿԼݼݼͬ³һټΪʢͣȻ׵ҲʮַḻȫǸζ࣬ýҲͬǰ˹ȵɽУΪӶŰɱħޡ
У񽣺طׯ԰ڹһȦһЩȻÿģƳƣΪ˸мһУҵƸǹܹ񽣵ľƺ«˲٣ٽ֮࡭
һߣׯ԰ĳС
ƶ򵤵£İ£ôʱ䣬Ѿǽδ֪Ķس
Ԫľƣ۲Է򸾵ȴޱȲõЦݡ
ֶΣⶾ֮Уʵ
Ȼܲˣ
ȻԼΪʲôôʣ˵ԼĸйۣҲֶжǿʵôǿƵĻʥصܱ󣬵ݼݼϣʥƷҩ׵͸ǣͿԿΪ˵ȷܲˣ
ǲûʲôˣкʥƷҩεõģ΢΢һЦ
⡭
һˣǺ⣿
ûʲôֻǺȻ뵽һ飬Щ֣
΢ԥһ£㻹ǵãǶ𣿡
壿˵ǵǸ󣿡

ɣֶֺʲôϵ
Ϊˣ¸ɴֱ壬û㻹һ֮أԴôôת֮ɢĴô˵ģ
˵ʥƷҩġˣ㡭˼˵ƶ򵤾ǸʱƳģ˵ţȴ͵˫ۡ
ʮа˾ţ
ףӦղҷµʱ򣬸о˼ΪǿϢѰҩеģֻļ֮أܹ֮Ƴ
ҼǵãʱѪǱ߻ͨ򡭡
һĨɫ˵ֶ뵱յѲ˸ϵˣĪа죬ߵĳţ
Ļ²ɵЦˣͬ˵
һʱ䣬жһЩĿ񽣣ȴ˿֪ʵݾѾ·򸾶ˣһһĲ³˲١
Īǣ񽣵ľҪԴ˱¶


1769 ѡ񣬷һ뷨
һʵôˣֶʲôأҲ԰
ѪǱѾаԼߵλˣԼЩµò˳ֶЩûһģ
ԼɷĻ²һЦĪϻ֮
ݣ˵Īֶֶݵģ
ʵǾݣôôĵѵͲ±¶ǵ׻ʲôأ
뷨ĳһ˵ĻôǸֵҲ϶һ
ĺ֪
ЦĪǣȥѪǱ߸ܣ
ˣҵʲôˣ
˶ʱһһ䣡˵ֶǶ˴ûУôѪͼҪưôǵ뻢ıƤ
˺ˣ㼱ģҲǿЦ
µһЦôķˣһܲ˽ôˣô޸㣿
ֵʲô˼ʵ
ʵҲûʲôԼ˽ˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ǼԿ϶ڵòǾݶɵģʵȻ̫ȷȴа˿϶Ѳ˸ϵһѪµ˵֪ض룬ǣң
Īȥٱǣ
˵ţ۾һɣҾԲͬ⣡ǲֶ𱨵飡
˵꣬вУ
ûĵΪ𣿡
ٺ١УУ˵˵æЦ
ߣ
һ漴֮ǰһֱڻɣܼʵԼܱ˵ʵΪʲôô죡֮ǰֶ֮սҲע⵽һ㣬ܱ۾Ѫɫģ
Ѫɫ۾Ѫ£

׵Ҳ²⣬ܼʮа˾ѾͶѪ£֮ûб¶϶Ѫܼƿ⸽
ܼңܱ󣡡ŭԼ˷Ļɡ
ԣǱҪ쿼ǣ
µ֮ǰ˵õİ취ǾټǨƣ뿪Ƿ֮أ
˰˵ɣȥĶأ˵Žⶾ廹Ц
ҵ岻Ҫⶾ֮һжܺã༸ȫָƶ򵤻һָļã
°ڰ֣ȥĶʲôطȫ򣬱򣿡
·;̫Զˣ϶УĻҪѡҿ϶ѡ򣬱Ͼ۷֮׵ڣѪô񣬿ҲóȻְɣǻص
Ҳôǵģ
ףֵ⣬һҪɣ֣
ǡ
ǣ
µͷ֮ǰ²׶ݼݼ۰϶
˰㲻ԼŮأЦ
ҲҪ˼ҸıðԸĻôɻܱʵʲô˵
ҪټǨƣЩɣΪģΪׯ԰ϰĻҵ
˵أ
̧̧ۣһͶѪ£
ðɣǾǨưɣ
Цһ£Ҳȼƻãй¶䲻ܼǱ֪
һ㣬˭ף
վһˣǳȥɣڲ̫ȥֶֶ
ã
Ҳԣһͬ뿪ңں԰ҵžƣɫһ

ʲôǨƵȥ
ĻݼݼʱȲѣΪʲôҪﲻǴúúõ𣿡
ȲѣΪôѡ𣿡Цһ¡
ǿͷٷ޶˶һۣӦĵǡ
ֶֶ
漴ȴǳ񽣺طȥ
кηԸʱӦ
Ըɲҵ̻ллֶƶ򵤣ڶѾȥֻҪ༸ʱ䣬Իָ״̬
ЦЦڿ֮ȴֵξټǨƣϣλֶܹæΪģֶݼݼķݶϣ
ЩʱЩ˵һЩԵϡ
Ȼڵ±ˡ
ˣ
΢΢һЦ֪ҪЩʲô
֪λֶǱ߿ʲôϵܷǰ׼һʵĵطҪ̫ãֻҪܹ˼ɣ˵
⡭
һ˻򡯶֣ȻЦδ䣬ȴǶ˼ֵľ衣
Ͼ²ݼݼȻĸŮ˭ұ֤вʲô飿
񽣶ڲ²⣬ǲطѾ¶ˡ˵ЩʵҲΪ̽ǡ
ԣһʱЩԥδ̻ش
׸磬׸硭
ݼݼſ񽣵ֱۣ첻ϻζζ
ȻҴӦ̣ϵǱߵԣ
˵֪Ͱ׼ʱǨƣ
ɣ»ص
ãһȥϵͿԸλ׼ȷĴ𸴣Ҳ֮Ӧ
̫ˣлл
Цŵͷ¶ۼһ
ܹӦǰţǾʹӲӡ֤֮ǰĲ²⣬ҲûȥѪ¸ܵ뷨òҲ˼ֵء
Ͼһ׻ֵʵݱ¶ȥҲֲ˺á
һ㣬ӹɣ
ţ˵һ񽣺طİڿԺס
񽣣СӲʵ
ڷУطϷʵĳԵ÷Ͱλӣ㾹ô
Ķʲô
񽣶ʱ۾һɣ뵽ղݼݼǵȥԺסΣҲһЦΡ
ٺ١
طЦѣ񽣸ǰ۷ʾŶطļӡ
˺ˣ˵ˣ
ط˰֣ýǸܱô
˵Ѫ£񽣷ʵ
һע⵽ܱѪɫ˫񽣺طͬˣ񽣾һսԶܱѪ֮˵ޱȿ϶
Ҿã²ôˣ
طͷ첻ڣҲû취ܱĵʲôˣ֮£ܱһȥǵݲһסһң
˵˵Ǹô죿ֱɱܼȥܼҸȫˣʵ
㻹˵뷨
طٺһЦȴӶ˳˵ģ
ȻҪ˵ʲôطӦ
⡭㡭
񽣵˫ۣط˴ĴָǷӣַһ뷨㶼ó


1770 ܼĩգ
Ӱҹɫڻׯ԰мٳϷȥҲܼׯ԰ڡ
һ·ļٷУûκ˵ע⣬ľ룬ʮʱ䣬Ѿִܼׯ԰ſڡ
ׯ԰ŽգȴĸокüӵĻִڣ˵Ļ»Ĳ׽ȥ
Ŀ񽣺ط磬ȴǽļΪɣЩһûУ˱ͬһ㣬ɹĽ뵽ܼׯ԰ڲ
취ģô
񽣳طʵ
ܵһȫˣԱҪׯ԰Χһ磡
ط绺Ե첻ˣûѧⷽĶ
˵أ
ֱһۣƺúط˵һ䡣
ðɣֻܿҵˣ
طƲƲ졣
͸뵽ģԿ񽣵ӣĶᾲѧϰЩ˲Ҳڰ
ȵң
˵һطǳׯ԰ȥɵЩԹ֪ˣ͸ڽ֮ǰŪһеģαôһˣ
Ҳǰԭأɢȥһо۵ףҲׯ԰ڵĲ
Ӻطˣʹһһ׼׵
ãǱҪ㶯ֹ֣ϵѪ£˵
У
طͷܱܳɸ˵
ߣ
Ҳԣ˱㵱¶ۼ˺ԺУܿҵܱܳڵĵط
Ϊհ챻˵ԵʣܳӵľȻҲչܱ󣬲ڷе˵ȴǷߺ޲ѡ
һǶݼݼľܾףһǶԿ񽣵ĺ⡣
ˡ
ڵϸɫһ䣬ܳɵŭʲôˣҲǷԸǣҪ롭
ŭУܳɹȥŴ򿪣û˵ڿſվŵĿ񽣺ط֮ʣȴɫ˲䣬ʣµĻ˵ˡ
㣬ôˣܳɵǲ
ɶôˣܱڷʵ
ǽȥ
һЦܳɷľͷһվſڣһֱȵƿ뷿УܱǰʱܳŷӦҪȡ
ˣ˷ˣ
ע⵽ܳɵľٶطһֽŹرգһŷߣǽܳ˻
ףǣ
ܱɫޱѿôҵ軹һΣĪǣ浱ܼʲô˶ܹ𣿡
ܼôĻ
񽣰ӣطһ£漴Цǿɲǹǵģ
ǵҪʲôܱʵ
ܱܱ󣬳ΪѪ֮˵ĸоôǲǺ񽣼ʵ
ʲôѪ£ǵ˵ʲôܱôѪµˣܱ󵱼
ˣؽƱˣ
񽣰˰֣Եʵ˵˰ɣôΪܼһ̣ʲô֮ҲǣҪ־͹ʲôãǵҪȥͶѪ£ⲻѰ·𣿡
㣬㡭
ܱɫ԰ף͵һԾѸײڶٶץסܳɣȥɶܣ
Ǻǡ
طЦˣζȻʧ÷⴫һҺܳɾٴα˻ݺݵڵϣ˹ͷѵ
ôҲһԪڣܳɾȻһ㣬ʹĥûܳһӻȥ
ɶ
ܱ󿴵ɫһ䣬˫˲Ѫ죬ҧǸ
£ζȻһѪâ񽣺ط˹ȥ
ʥصʵɡ
׳գ
һȻֳǰһץѪâ㶸ȻͣסӼֻһգۼ䡣
ţܱĲѾǱץסͷ·Լȥһ
⡭ôܣ
ܱɴ۾ȴʼ޷ѡ
㲻Ѿʼǵ𣿺ãھͺ˵˵
Цҽп񽣣Լңط磬Զؼң⣬ǵʵǡ򣡡
񽣡ط硭
ʵ򡭡
Щܱûӵɳ
㣬ǡ
ܱѿڣǿ־塣
һʥأʲôŵģܱܱˣ
۾һĨâܱĿ־УжȻӿһ񱩵ԪգۼĹ򣬱ֱӳܱڣ޷֮Уȫ飬Ҳˡ
ԴˣܱλܼҼĲˡ
ס
ڵϵܳɿһУһ˺ѷεĲҽС
ǣŹңҲʲôѪµˣ֪ˣԺҲˣ
ҽ֮һﾹȻ񽣺طȥȫûһΪ˼
⡭
ܳɴ˾٣ط˶㶡
ӣˣһҸǰ棬㸺棡
񽣲м˿ĭֱĿ˳ȥ
̰ˣ治м֡
ιһ
طЦãŹǰܳɣûж˵ʲôķһţǿԪ˲ֱӻܳɵ͵صײǽϣȻڵصʱѾʧȥ
棬ʱҲһ󺰴ɱѾʼ˶ܼ˵¾
طȻҲ󣬺ܿںͬչɱ¾Щܼ֮˸ûʲô֮¾ҲΪ׼õĽ磬޴ӣԾɱⲻһ
һʱʱ䣬ܼȫ
֪ûģҹܼׯ԰ڵˣһû£

ˣܼׯ԰ˣ
ڶһ磬Թ緹ڴһЩȴǺȻˣΪ˷ܵĳķ˵
ʲô
һ
Ϊǻ۵˿ҲЩ΢
֪ʲô𣿡æʵ
֪
ҡҡͷǽһҰûһˣ
ܱܳɸأ
ȻҲˣ
⡭
ϵЦݣȴ΢΢üͷ
ˣôˣܼұˣѵ㲻ˣʵ
ȻǣûΪʲôܼҵˣҪǣָεֿµ
ⲻܰɣ
ɫһ䣬ȴǿЦûʲôܵģǡ
ˣº۾һģ
ǣ˵ģòǡ
ɫ΢䡣
壬̣𣿡
ʱԺ⴫˿񽣵
ڣڵģֶ
³ʹһɫ漴һͬȥԺŴ˿Ŀ񽣺طӭ˽ȥ
λֶ˯ÿɺãôʲô𣿡ºЦʵ
ǺǣΪأ
ЦЦȴǷʵ
ô֪ҡ
Цһ£ȴǺߵһɫޱȹŹ֡
Ϊǰŵ׺֣ȻĶ仯ʱչֳ֮ǰȫͬף¿ľ첻ѡ


1771 ¶ݣͫ
㣬ǡ
ɫ΢䣬æԺķһۣʵ
̣ӦѾ²𣿡
񽣺ǺһЦµЦ⡣
ҲµĵȷûӦɣºһʵ

񽣵ͷǸ˼尢̣ݰҽһ¡
п񽣣ط磡
񽣣ط磡
ףѪǱѾǵӰɢȻǶˣɡô뵽Զ¶ݣĪǡ
ˣµһĨȻȻ֮ɫĪҹܼׯ԰飬ǶΪ
ʲôģ
̲סľ
ǰǣ
ףܱѾѪµצܼׯ԰ڵĲ˶ˣĪ尢Ϊǲ𣿡
Ǹɡ
˵²Цһ£˵ǽܼҵȫˣһ
飬òҪκλ
΢΢Цˣ
ǲ֪λֶ˷¶ݣΪ̾һʵ
ʵҲûʲô
ЦЦ֪ҹ尢˵ҪǨƵ򣬴¿ʵ
Ȼ
ͷǵȷҪ뷨ֳֽܼǲߵĻһѪ²Ҷؽ֣֮
˵ļǣȴҲһ㣡Ц
ŶԸ꣡
˵ܼңŻΪѪ¶ֵѪµİ·綼ҶֵģǲǨ뿪ûܼҵ飬ȻҲŹң˵
΢˶ٺ󣬿񽣿򸾣ֵʵѾϵүӦһطҾɽ¾ѪϮҲԱ֤ҵĲְȫ
˵үа죿ʵ
񽣵ͷЦү֮⣬˭ܹðĸԸĳ֮Ϊү
ɽڵɽĿǸǰһط»Щš
ܷ̾ģ΢Ц
ã׼׼֮Σ½һ˵
ա³һ㣬֮Ҫ
ҡҡͷüܼұһ¶Ҳֻʱ䣬һѪµ֪ǿ϶˹ʱֻҪһ㣬¾Ͳһߵõˣ
ңˡֱһ䣬˵ʵβ룬Ҫ߸ϵʱض٣ԽҽԽ˵
ãͷԸȥ
˼һͷȥ
£Ǽߣѯſ񽣺طһЩϾһֱߣ˷ټǨ֮ǰܹи˽⣬ҲǼ£ܹ
׸磬ش硭
ûã洫ݼݼͿԺűֱƿݼݼͽһһŵŵŵ˽
ݼݼ񣡡
ɫһ࣬
˼Ķûò𣿡
ݼݼһ䣬ſ񽣵ֱۣȥ˵ˣ׸綼û˵ûòأԲԣ׸磿
Ǻǣԣԣ
ͷܿͷӦںطѾָ˱ĿΪʲôݼݼ˿ûһأ
ݼݼ㲻Һشһ𣿡ʵ
˻һ˵طˣ¶Ϊ졣
ְΪڼ׸ĵһۣ֪ݵŶݼݼЦ
һμҾ֪
񽣾첻ѣôô֪ģ
Ҳ֪أҾͿŶ׸磬һϲأݼݼЦ
ݼݼĿԿλֶ֮ΪݼݼĸףҲǵһ˵ԼŮֱ£ɵҲʵ
ţأ
ݼݼͷҾһ۾Ϳأ
ݼݼ
Ȼط뵽ʲôٵ˼ӡһУգ۱ǽǱеһС
˿̣ڿ񽣺µУСѾʧȡ֮ȴһʮָɾǽǣۿȥκβԾ֮
ӣʲôЩ⡣
طҡҡͷݼݼֵݼݼ֮ܿǰǸС𣿡
԰ףеʵأش磬һ̸ҺòãݼݼͷǺĵ
ȻԣõȻصǱԺֻһЩСֶζѣطЦŵ
漴طؿݼݼһۣݼݼתԪ˫ۣȻſǰǱߣԡ
ã
ݼݼɵطһۣǹԹ԰˵ȥһ̣ݼݼĵĵۡش磬һӾͿǱŶʵĸоûأ
ӣô£ѵ֪ʵ
ֶ֪ʲôֱ˵ɣݼݼôˣǲǶʲôõӰ죿ҲǼΪǵʵ
ԣ
طҡҡͷ˫ۣ˲侫ȫΪһ壬ڿ񽣺ЩԵʱݼݼȴǺ׳еŶش磬ôܹ߳ģŶ
ꣿ
ݼݼĻæɢȥ㵵ķطıΧվڱԱߡ
Ϊطҿƣûκ¶˼þȥϸ̽ƾ۸ܿ
ش磬úŶ
ݼݼطߣȥʵһ㣬ޱȲõЦݡ
񽣼״Ҳ߹ȥԣƴƵģһ㡣
ÿ񽣾֡
ҲԣݼݼȫͬΣĸ׵ҲǾùŹֲѣʶԼŮƵġ
Ȼˣ
һط壬ֽ䴦ǸɫŹֵݼݼ·ڿʲôıһ
ش磬ô˼ʲô˼һẦߵݼݼӣɵõ
ӣʵݼݼ⵽ô£òʲôɣżʵ
ǰֶ㵹˵Ҳ漴ߴٵ
ѽ׸磬˼ĶʲôҺõòأݼݼ
ݼݼȷܽΨһӦ˫ۣ
طף˵ûǴĻӦͫ
ͫ
طĻ񽣺¾ʮֲ⣬ݼݼԴȫԻ
ֲãҵһۼݼݼʱ򣬾;۾˸һЩ
طǺһЦ񽣣㲻ݼݼ۾ģĺ𣿶ҪѰܶ࣡
СССү
ԣССλ˫ͫСүͫ˵ݼݼͫǺֲࣿ


1772 Ǩƣع
ڱһͷˮ
ʲôλ˫ͫʲôͫʲôͫȵȣһû˵طĿУȴܹоݼݼеͫԲǻ£һĺ¡
ԴʱΪĸ׵ϸţΨִһ㣬ݼݼߡ
ֻ˵ݼݼͫĶһͫ޷ӵе
ط΢΢һЦλ˫ͫͫã㶼Ӧ֪ˣôҾ˵һ˵ݼݼͫɣ
΢һ٣طڻƵģһż֪ĶǴӵ伮ڿģҲ˵ֻ֪ͫпһűʵҲ᲻
һ
񽣺¾һҲæʵֶݼݼΪοԿ˵֮ͬʱܹղǸĸԭɣ
ˣ
طͷڸղҵ꣬ҲΪͫԵʣݼݼԴͬʵʵ꣬ͿҪתԪܿһֻܴܿ
̫ˣ
̾ѣɵҲ§ݼݼǿ֮ɫ
˵ͫҲûʲô̫ô
üƺݼݼʵ̫Ĵٽã
һͱװ
طûĵĻ϶Ѿһ٣Ųţ
ʲô˼Ѳ˵ˣƲƲ죬
ӵͫˣţ
ط֪ݼݼĴڣ϶᲻ϧһдҪ֮ⷽĳɾͣ϶ᳬˣҲ⣡
֮ҲŶ
ŻعȻĵͷݼݼܹǾǻκ󷨶ߣֻ֮Ҫ΢ɾͣôؽ̧ɣ
㻹ͫû𣿡طЦ
ˣ͵ɪɣˣͫĲ㣬ݼݼûƲ
˶ӣºݼݼĸŮһЦ
λֶô˵ݼݼʺ֮ˣҪһ϶Ƶʵ
ͣ¶죬񽣺طͬʱȻѵĵͷ
ô
³һ£˵аó֮һľ֮ǲ֪ݼݼ֪ûѧϰ֮
Ǻǣ̣Ҹղ˵ˣ֪ݼݼӵͫԻ᲻ϧһеҪ֮ⷽõģǨƵ֮ͻˣطЦ
ԣ¶ʱڻУ񽣺ȻʲôƵģ
ΪʲŶˣʱڻĲУطҪΪʲôȴȻ뵽ǱѪռ䣬û̵ɵҲǵ˵ͷ
ˣɵЩ΢㶣㲻˵˵ʲôôһһֲеġ
̣õģ
ԥһ£˵֮ܶŵĻݼݼͰϣȻʱڲүԽ̵֮ĻǱ߻к֪ܶģҿٷ˳̵Ҳһģ
ԣ֪λˣÿһλ֮Ļ涼м֪˽⣬ˣڻ棬ȫԳ̵ģطҲ˵

ƶǶĵͷݼݼδЩգգ˫Ĵ۾ʵ׸磬ش磬˵ĸô𣿡

⻰񽣺ط粻ɵһͣҲǿЦõһݼݼԴЦѾͷĲģЩʲô
˼ֻǺ
ݼݼĽһģڳ˾ǲһݸ

ҵľټǨƣ˶֡
֮ҹҹɫڻ˷ֳ˼뿪ׯ԰ܴߵĶȫߣһѪţܹõĲҲֻһ˿տǵׯ԰ѡ
ҰٶĻҵǾֻеȽѪ½֮»ˡ
طͿ񽣷ֱӣķ򲻶ϼǰУΪﵽ֮࣬ټûмܹʹ˲ƣٶȷȴ˵̫졣ΣǴ˷ĿģȴҪ뿪ׯ԰ķΧֹѪ·ֱ֮׷ϡ
ʱؽ롣
ҵǣΪ񽣺ط罫ܼѪ¶ߵƿȫܼңҴ˷ټǨƵľٶûѪµע⣬ʱȥһ·϶ʮֵ˳ܿĽɽ
֮˷׷¶ɵɫ񽣲ɵüעˣԽʱԽκεи֪⼸մҸ·ˣֻ֮Ϣҵģ·
ֶ˵öԣǼߣ
ҲǷ׷׿ڣЩ֮Ȼκεķԡ
ۣҲҪȥȫˣľ˿и
һ·ϣ˵ɵķݼݼĪˡΪһֱڽױϣûйԼ·ľٶ
ҲҿѾ˾żħ޵ľ磬Ȼյ·治һֵܹ
Ĵɽֻ˴Ҳյʱ䣬Ľ뵽ķΧ
˿ܣûвκΣգһڴԭϢ
ԭϢ
ſ񽣵Ļһ£ٸ֮˷׷иٵóٵʳˮźţʱʱĿ򼸺ľɫÿ˵ڶһּ
ϾǱߣѪµӰʼնͷʱܻΣաߣȴҪȫࡣ
尢̣ȥϵһ£һͻӭǣ˵
Уˣ΢΢һЦȴл
Ǻǣûû£
񽣰ڰ֣ߵһó˴ʼϵطһôǿݼݼˣΪûߵԵʣҲǺ治ѵһЩ⣬طᷳһشǶһǿҵ֪֮ġ
ܿ죬񽣻ˡ
Ѿϵң˸ձִܹʱһȥɽǱҲҵ˺ʵĵطֻҪԼס˵
лˣ
мĵͷ
п񽣺طڵĻҪǨƣûôס
ұǷ׷׸Ϣ˶ɴֱڵϺܿ˯˹ȥϾ⼸յ·˵˯ˣ۵ʱ䶼١Ȼֻаʱ䣬ȴҲ㹻
յʱ䣬а˸˹Ϊ׵ĺȻҵļ̳ŵİˣÿһʥʵ˶ʱ𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲô
񽣴磬ش磡
ǰǺͿ񽣡طӵһ£˵ĽУʶµˣ໥һż񽣴磬ӵĴţԴ˹ôһٶʥͬʱ˲ƴˣӦаɣ
ҵټҲֻһӴôʥˣһЦ
ټ
˿񽣵Ļٿֻǫ飬ȴδԣʱǸΪˣĵײɵҲֱӵĸоǵҲ˲١


1773 µķѿ񽣣
һǽ˶ѹ
İ£ÿһҵʥ֮˴֮ˣһ˲ƣܿڵɽΧ
ٶ֮죬ûʥʵ֮𺳲ѣһڵִɽΧ֮󣬸ԵĿ࣬ʵĿ֮ǰŨ˲֪١
ɽֱֱ̫˼ˣ
ǰͬһڵصľ޴ɽ֮˾֡
УҲһСͼ壬㲻ʲô
Լڵɽɽ˵ҪһЩ
Ȼȥɣ
ǰٶʥ֮˹˹֣飬֮ǰҲǳʾϾݲͬѰضҵļ
ˣλ
Ц˵һǵͷǰ·ܿԶһЩ˾ɽŰ￪һɽС
вѾõԺ䣬Χķ羰ޱôһǽ̾ݡ
˽ܵĺõط
˿Χ޵
ﻹɣ
΢΢һЦΪֻмյ׼ʱ䣬Բҵط½ҵһ̣͸ˣϣλҪźã
ˣ
Ц˵ܹ֮Ѿʮֲˣ
ǾͺãЩԺѾȫɨɾжȫõģʲôĵط뾡ֱ˵ȥɹ˵
⣬⣬ǳ⣡
ЦܽʲôҪԻȥ򣡾Ͳλҵˣ
ǺǣҲУϾֻԼ֪Ҫʲô
ЦЦǾȲˣλһ·࣬ȺúϢϢȹռԹݷã
ʲô⡭ⲻðɣӦȥݷòǣ˵ҼҪԹʱΪȴҲЩ˼
Ǻǣɲ˵ģ
ڰ֣ˣȸˣ񽣴磬ش磬ǡ
Ҳһȥɣ
񽣳һ£Ҳûȥˣ
ԣԣطͷӦ
Уߣ
ͷٴγ˹뿪
ڿ񽣺ط磬Ƕݼݼһο֤ٹŵ
뿪֮ѡԵԺϢԺ㹻࣬ҲõĲס
ڸԼԺ䷿סºȴδϢôӱϣ͸Ըܵɽȵľ羰ɵ˶¶һĨЦݡ
Ϣ𣿡
ʱǿ
ɣ
ֽŴ򿪣漴ǿԼݼݼ˱˽
Ͼׯ԰ԴʱһӶѡһԴЩԺס䷿֮⣬⻹רŸǵŮסҲ㲻ӵ
ǲȥϢôû˯ʵ
ȥתһת͵ҪҪһȥǿЦ˵
֮ǰ˯ðʱѾˣ˿Ϊųļǲ˯ţһ󣬱ȥߣҲԶҸЩ˽⡣
Уһ𣡡
ǿ˼Ҳ漴ͷܿ˱뿪ɽȣȥ

һʱ䣬һھ϶ɹҲӲ˿ж˸˽⣬а죬Լټ֪˺ܶĶ
䣬ʱ䣬˿в෹̸ʡ
ΪģΪҼѾȷ̬֮󣬱ػὫ֮λ
һ㣬Ҳ˵ƵϵĽ̸ţҲǳû¶棬ڶ̶ʱڱ˺ܴΪ˰ķеĶ
ʱ֣صɽԺеһˣҲǸԻطϢ
ϴһڴȴǾþû˯š
ˣΣʵ
ǺǣǺǱֱͻ
¿Цһ£
ǰǸ˵λбһϯ֮أҲ֮̾
˿̣һִĺ֮С
һЩ
Ȼȴҡͷü΢ĵ֪ע⵽ûУǸа죡²µ
ô˵һ£ʵ
㣡
ʳָ˻ΣһѪɢϢǽ첻ʵǿ󣬸ҵ̫ϳϣʮɣʮ̫ϳϣ˵
⡭
Цһ£ʵҡͷ
ڶҲҪһ㣡
˸ǻ۵Ĺâҵļ̳ˣ۵λҲ޷̫ϳȣΪǽĴֶ飿
Ϊʲô
û´Ļ˹ôģΪľΪƣͬʱǶĹע
»Եĵ˾Ѫ£ټ֮ǰׯ԰ڣ񽣺طλֶ˵컹ҪһʱԽ̵ݼݼ֮Щȫһ󵨵ķǽĳѪµ񣬳ɣ򲻻
⡭ˣò̫˰ɣ𾪲ѡ
һ̫ˣ
ҡͷʱû뵽ˣ˵ҼҪԹ𣿵ʱ֪ĸһЩ
ˣˣ˯˰ɣ
ЦЦ֮֮Ҳ̫࣡ҾʵҲҰʲôҪԸǣͿֶһ˾㹻ˣòֶ֣
˯ɣ˯ɣ
Ҳһ̾ܿ˱硣

еĳԺУһ޴Ŀѡ
ԭܼ򵥣һȥ֮󣬼÷ͰŮĵһۣطǽݼݼ齲˳ЩͼӴף⽫񽣺ݼݼ˵ޱ
˵֮һԹԵĻȥ㻨ˣһ˫ţЦ
񽣣ش˵ģ
Уڴߣ÷Ͱǰ
Ůǽ䣬Щû֮⡣
ٵģԣҲȫǼٵģ
Ҳǣݼݼװ׵ģǡ
񽣲ϵĽţ˵÷һЦһһݼݼģеúأǲҲöһˣ
ǵģ治Ǹ˼
ٴνţɿŮȫŵӣҲ֪ô˵ˡ
ķӣ´αð㣡
нط˸ɸԵĻҪԡ
ΪʱŮѾߵһһҵ£ͬʱͶĻУɿȴ͵һʹֻԼⶼҪƵġ
Ҫǣ񽣻¶κһʹı飬ȻĥĿѻ֪Ҫء


1774 ҵľ
ͷǰԹܳ
֮ͬˣӭ˳ȥһԴӣԵüΪ
ߣ£ǿϱԼŮݼݼֻݼݼ۾գѽգģЩŵУҲƽ˼鶯
ˣ
һУҲʶµˣһһɽǸԺ¡
ȻȻλΪټԵʣҲԣǷֱף̬ɹ˿κεĲ֮ɫ
֪οѪ£Цʵ
֪ǰдʣ
ЦЦǼΪƽԴѪͻ֮ȴɱʹ˼Ϳ̿ҲضԶˣ

ףԵȻԸټǨˣô϶ҲǿѪµΪǲ֪ⷽʲô뷨
ǰ˵Цˣ
Цʵʲô뷨ǴǨˣ³綼Ѫ֣֮ʵܹԱѾǳˣ̸ʲô뷨
˵ʵҪܱˣʵ
ȻɴЦݣƺһЩ
⵱Ȼǣ
ʱû˵±ȵ
ΪΣЦ
ȻʵȴҲ״ݺĵȻѪһٱãνӼҲҧˣѪ±Ƶüˣ˱һսЩƵ˵
ԣǰҲôģͷӦ

ȻһЦҲ÷Ȱλһ䣬Щʱǿ϶ģ
ǰԽң
ʵȻȴİڰ֣Ц˵Ȳ˵ЩˣҲǨƹգ֪Դ˴ɻ⣿ʲôϵ
лǰģʮ⣡
Цŵͷһжܺã
Ǻǡͺã
ź룬׵´пգȥͣϣλҪܾǣ
ҷ򸾶ʱȴǰٻӦ
Ҳλ£ʵ̫æһЩȡ
Ԩոհѻ˵ȴǺһ٣Ťͷ㳯Ժŵķȥ
ˡ
Ȼ
ǿȥŴ򿪣ӳȴŮ
еĲö˵ǿط硣
ŮֱطĻգ񽣵÷Լ˵ݼݼͫӶר̸Ϲ
ǿӣ
ȥǺǿӵһ£ֱ𽫼Ůһ顣
μ
ڳҲæ
ǺǣҲ˰
֣ãҲҪȥˣģ
ͼǰ
һͣ뿪ȴֻλټȴ
뿪ˣƺҲúܶࡣ
λݼݼӰɣƯ
ǰסݼݼС֣עĸ˫֮Ѱ˵ȷҪ˺ܶ
ݼݼ㣡ݼݼһЦŸƯأ
˵Ҫȥߵ߰ɣλʧˣ
۾һתȴǺĳʹһɫ˵
ԣԣ
һĨɻ󣬵漴ȴǺܿķӦһͬŮûϾ뿪ˡ
ϾĶˣ߻ôҶЩţ罫˵ĵطǣ߶˵ȴһҪԭǾл顣
գ÷ͰŮҲҪǸطͿ񽣹÷Ͱ񽣵õݼݼ֮⣬ȻҪĻΪͫ
뿪ֱʳ˹ͫ飬ͬʱԲ»̽ȷͫĴڣּ
ǾݼݼѧϰһЩ֮Ļ֮Խ̵Ķ
ҲõɩӵǿʮֿģݼݼԼЩԸϾһ򶼲̫ϲϴ˹ΪԵԪĻµԼʵ֪Ҫ೤ʱء
˵Ȱ˵£֤Ծһֵõͬ⣬ܹͷճ׻أݼݼǿͷͬ
˾٣Ҫ֪»֪жٵĸĽʺأ
Ͼܹأ治֪һϣȴ첻

һߣĳżУ½һͼͨĳˮ㷱ٵľȫǸп
ǰǴûԭΪͻǱһ
û뵽ǣ˹
ĳЩ˵ǿ»øлѪ£
˰㵽˵ʲô
һüҿеµӣǺйأ
ǰЩôջطĿ⣬ºһڲʵ
Щ
Ҳʲôô
Щû˵꣬׼ȷֻ˵˵ǰ벿֣΢΢һЦ
ǰ벿֣Īǣ֪˵ʲôʵ
ѪµĿҲǶǽ̽
ûĿһԼķżϲոΪ˵Ϊã

һʱЩŹ֣ˣ´˰ɣʵ۵λûʲôֵ˼ҿ۵ĵط
˭˵ûеģ
ƲƲ죬ݼݼ𣿡
ݼݼͫɫһ䡣
ҪȻأ
һΪĻҲ벻ʲôԭˣΣҼԿ϶ҪշΪ֮ã
ϵݼݼôģɫЩصʵ
ǿ˵Ǽ£
һ̾ҵǳǲԸҲʲôѹ֮£ɡ
ˣµ΢˶٣żɻ˵ǱϾǼ£Щ㲻벻ԸҲɼ
ʵɣҵȷǳ
΢ɣŵܹ֤ҵĶԣΪҵĸҲδɣ
룬˵ľ˼ɣЦſ¡
ţ
ףܹΪܣԺǷչҲѸٺܶ࣡ôǾôˣ
ԣ
ͷ˵ҲȿǰǱô˵ɣ
ţ
ٴף˱ûټЩ⣬һߺȲһŸֽŲĴУǷøΪϲһЩ
˵ܱвٵǿȥһЦ˵
ҲȻӦʣ漴˸Ǯ֮Я뿪ˣҲԵüΪ
ǷΪҸ飬ȻѾһľջҪλҼľ


1775 Ѫ࣬·ľ˷֣
ѪռУ淢һҲֻ˵˽⣬עĻӵͫݼݼˡ
һµʱȥѪѾ⸽ܴ
ȻѪӥûȷʾʵݣ컹Ѫ۶Ѿµ߰˰ˣ໥ЩʱദȻûԵ˵һЩ飬ȴҲ˵໥֪
һȴҲ˵ദΪǢһЩ
ݵ飬һ޹֮ʹ֮һʹҲֻ̿޲ѡ
ˡѪ𣿡
գڷмоѪƶõǶʮ˵·ʱԺű㱻ˡ
һæЩ·ֽ
ʱѪҲǹȥԺŴ˿Ѫ۴һİŮЦӯӯվſڡ
ѪѪе飡ûѪѪ۱ֱʵ
ڣԺ󣡡Ѫص
ˣ
ЦŽŴ򿪣ѪۺŮӽ£ʾѪȥݲʵѪ۴мûˣĪæŮ𣿺Ǻǡ
ϷʵĻУŮӡ
Ȼò̫ƯȴΪͿܵ˵ҲΪ
˵
ѪһʱɫһŮӸǲһĴͷȥ
û˵ֻ֪֪֪Ҳ֪Ц
ò裡
ѪѪԪһˣڹصǲԸԾ뿪ˣϾǻҪȥؿǱߣԺܿԺֻʣ죬ѪۺŮˡ
˵˵ɣʲôҪңЦǺǵʵ
ţѪ۳Ůʹһɫ㵱ĳȥѪμ٣
ţ
һٶʱ죬ʵѪô£
֪ѪǲŽģܵ󽫴˵ķԸǰµģѪæ͵

ֽѪ𣬶Ťͷʵкƾ֤
Уٲ鿴
Ѫ񹧾óһ˵Ļ棡
Ŷҿ
ͷùȥǽע룬ϸϸ鿴
ѪۺѪǹվǰҳš
Ѫ˵Ѫǵһμ죬ԵüΪţѪۼ״ȴסѪС֣ĿᣬѪܿɢȥ˽ţȴֲٴһ졣
ԭˣ
ܿ죬쿴˼еݣ˫ۡ
ѽ
ѪһæִѪгͷȥɬ֡
ˣû뵽ĪүүͷҲһ£ȫһˣ
ЦŵѪడҲǰʲô֣ԺҾͽѪˣû뿪֮ǰúѪһǰ
ǣѪףѪ๪
ҾͲ˵ˣȻܹɹ϶ó֮ĪүүΪ˰ѪۣôԺ͸ɣǿԵĻǲԷƣȥٵ鷳˵
Ȼʾ˵ˣ˵ôЩ
ޡֵѪȴǲΪɬˣѪǼΪĿУ͵͵ӦһѪ۶ʱ˷ܵĲ
ˣ٣֮ǰҽо仰ҪҴ㣡ѪȻʲôƵģ˵
Ŷʲôüëһʵ

ѪʱЩԥݡ
֪ˣ϶ʲôûɣ
Ѫӣ쵱ЦˣҲǿ㣡˵һ˼ˣͷҲ϶࣡

ôԹϹԶ쫷ҽѪҲǲЦһ£ƺԣæͷȥ
˺ˣֱ˵ǣڰ֣
ҽ˵˼ҪǿʵڲеĻʹԼ˳Ѫռ䣡⣬⻹оҽ˻űأ鲻Ҫ嶯ȻˣҲὫȥúõر޴޴򣡡
˵棬Ѫ಻ɵûҲһĨЦ⣬ͷߡ
ϼһԽԽҪˣ֮ȻҪȥ޴Űʬʲô
ѪһǿЦ⣬һһģȻ̵üΪࡣ
ˣ֪ˣȥɣ
İڰ֣ѪۺѪ༱æȥԶһЩ춼ѪۺܴЦŪ
ѪĵζżƻᰴŽУҲһϢ

ôã㲻Щ·˼ҪѪ¾ͼܰ
صе죬ڲһٴνǶʮֽϡ
ҵÿÿһֽ϶һ·Ѫƶǵ߸ھŸԼʮͨڴ·ӦܴӴСԼ켣Щȫһģһ
ϣʱѾ֪ٴΣÿһԻһģһ·üͷ
ǲ˷򣿡
˫ۣαϣԺвϷЩ·״Լĸ뷨飬ȥ˽һʱʱ䣬ѾȫˣԾû˿֡

Σ³һ󻺻ۡ
Ȼ˾鷢ˡ
ղźĿĵһǽЩԭڷŵĶʮֽϴȥ켱æҪȥʱȴǶȻһ˫ŹЩֽţߵļš
⡭
ԺкȻһͷ첽ǰ£ֽУĿȴǽضǿɢصʵȴһֹɵֽĳ̬һ·ʱٴ˼״̬

ˣ
ڰŪľһ㣬ֽϵ·˼ķٰڶܿʮӺվСĽԼһֽ·Ϻ¶һĨޱ˷ܵЦݡ
ڽ⿪ˣ
һЦ
ԭΪÿͨڵߵ·һģûӦǽŲŶԣôһ㣬°
ڻԣ˵һΣôͻ׺ܶˣ
Լĳɹܿñʽµߵ·ϻȻڸոһʵɲǣ͵ɫһ㶣Щ·͵ɫٴδ䡣
ôܣ⾹ȻǶޣ
ֱš
Ȼֻߵ·ȴ伮Ķ޵Щ·һģһֻҪߵ·ķʽϵͿ˵ȫһˣ
Īǡ
Ȼ䣬ŤͷǰϻûüȥʮһֽȥֻԼѪܣܹϵѪµ
ֻнգôѪ½ɣ
ټɣ
һʱǿҵѹסָƽ¿ʼ˽Ķ
ҪʣµĶʮһ·ǲǹͬǰ㣡


1776 ʮ
ʮޣСҲᣬ߸ֱ໥Ӧ
Ϊޣ׻ޣϷȸԼޡ
ʮޣ˵Ǵ
ֻǣϹʱûȴѾἰһֱûⷽȥ롭
ҹʱ䣬һֱڷбŲûгһڡ
ڼ䣬ѪۺѪҲһΣȴ˶ûֻζ顣
֮峿ʱ֣ķǴ˿

˷ܵЦԶԶ̺ԪĺԶԶ¾ѪӥסǸׯ԰һ
磬ôˣ
Ѫһ£æѪԪһͬߵǰ
û£ҸоԼҪͻˣԲô˷ܣ
ˣȻ˵Ƕʮ˵·ܣֻһڡ
ʵ֮£Ҫչֳʲô綼ԣ
Ҫͻˣ
Ѫȴˣ𺳡
֮ǰԪڣôͻ񲻾ǡʥ򣡡
Ѫѿڣȫǲš
ǰһ㣬ӦÿڰͻƣǺһЦ
찡磬֪ѪⱲȷ飬Ǹ
Ѫ̾ѣǸƨĻ֣ʮӣһظĶûУ˵ĺǡϴ϶һֱöЩࡣ
ԱߵѪԪҲˣֱӱͷȥһʶһӡ
˺ˣ
ЦõĽѪֹʵ֪Ѫ۴˹ҹңǲʲô飿
ǲ֪Ѫ۴˲δ˵ǵӣҲǺҪѪæص
ţȥ
ڰֱ֣뿪ˡ
ιܹʥ𣿡뿪ѪѪԪʵ
ѪԪԥĵͷ뿪ķǳݡ
ҲУɰĿ𣿡
ѪٺһЦˣˣǺúõ׷磬˵ҲԽʥ򣬳Ϊʥ֣ٺ١
˵䣬Ѫ¶Խڴɫ
ѪԪһһƲƲֱӻطѪԭ˺һЦͬݡ

ң
һ룬ܿѪڵԺ䣬ԺгѪۺѪࡣ
ΪѪ۵ĵԺҲõĻ˴ڣ
٣ҪһԵ㣿ѪЦ롣
ãûԶˣã
ҲѪҲרùһµ꣬٣ȳţȥһ㣡
ˣлл
ЦŵͷѪ΢΢һЦȴת뿪ȻҪĻǸѪ̸Ŀռ䡣
˵Сӣܰ
һڣʱüΪζǵ٩Ժиˣ
ٺ١ѪĵȷϲĻԺ͸ɴԷɣ
˵İҾͲˣ
켸ԥĵͷӦ¡
һЩӺ˵ȥˣ£
ţ
Ѫ۷¿ӣͷ٣ѪӥһϢʹߺʹߴ뿪ˣĿĵʮа˾ſǱ򣡡
ǻԱ֣üǼһﱻҶȥ˫ۣʱҲָܹ˵ҪΣˣ֪ͨûУ
ĿΪڱչأֻ֪ͨ󽫴ˣ˴Ϊľ崫ϢѪ˵
úܺãϢ󣡡
ͷһȥҲʿʵڲеĻֻܽƻǰˣ
ƻǰ
⻰Ѫ۶ʱɫһ䣬٣²ðɣҪǳʲô⣬ǡ
Щʱ򣬼ƻҲһɲģ
ûѪ˵꣬ǰִϵȻ˵ǱչأʵȴоһѪµܣջųģٸһЩʱյĻӦÿԸѪ´ȥĴ
Ѫ۵ͷûٶʲô
֪˵ĻȻ˵ǲУΣ
ˣȻȥˣ
Եòˣ뿪
ߵԺſڵʱͣסΣתͷЦѪ۴ˣ緹ʱҿɻҪŹ
ʱӭ߲ˣ
ѪҲ֮һ䣬ԶȥıӰһ
뵽ԸѪµļƻпǰôѪпǰ뿪Դ˳װѪµݣߣѪ̺Խǿҵڴͼ

ʮޣ˵ģ
صԼķһʱϵ˼
ȻõĴҲּΪģѰĴȫͬټ챾ʵΪڻҲõĻᱻ˷һ쳣
Ȼģϧ⴫ܴӰ񣬲ȻԸЦŻصʮֿ϶
֮ʮѪµĴйϵʵ

ͷҷЩ·ĵطѪƶ㣬ҾѪƶҲ֣϶ʮѲ˸ϵ
˵һ٣΢һЩļڻɣѪƶ⻹һռ䣬Ѫµڣ
۷Ĵпռ䣿һ£ʵ
ţ
˵ͻ鷳ˣռƻ֣ǾܹɹɿҲϹʱһ޷ѪֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬һٴҸȼ
˿̵ĻҲΪء
ĬȻһжҪѡֻ֪ܽȫ֪
һתԵˣ˵ѪǱ³ʹߣʹߺʹ߻Դȥ˱򣿡
ţ˵ĵڶ£
ףĪүү˵ȻĪүү֪ͨ⹫Ҳ֪ˣ
ǰھں⹫ʸүү취أ
ͷԵĻһԽЩȫԵǱߴһЩᣡ
а𣿡ʵ
Ͼλʵֻʥ۷壬Ҫһڲ֪Ƿָ˵ĺ¡
Ļָˣж»ʮֵΣա
У
ȻĵУȴǺԥĵͷӦζ֣Ҫһ֣Ѿ̫ϳ˵λһ֣ǸڣҲԲأ
˾ͺã
ۣʵǰŵôˣʲôʱ֣
֮󣡡
صǱ߻ܿͻõϢʱԼջᣬܹЩʲôһ㣬Ҫעȫ˵ܣҪԼˣ㻹иĸӣ
ģף
ףˣȲ˵ˣҪʱ䳤ˣ»𲻱ҪĻɣ
ˣĴţպôȴԭأ˼ŽĶþû뿪š


1777 ټս֮ʼ
סԺʮ￪⣬һѪ֮ƽＸôȥɽ
˼һ֮⣬
ȻȴһƬļžһ˿һĳ
Ҽŵĵϣ졢ѪټѪȴϢźҹڻӰȫûκ¶
٣ô˽ʲô
ѪΧʵѵʲôҪȥ𣿡
ӣ죡
ûشѪ۱ǵ˹أ
ˣѪۣҲûʲô˵ģ
ЦǺǵİ˰֣ЦҽǹΪ˼ˣǼɣ
ˣ
ѪһȴԽ⣬Ѫ۶һͷˮ㲻⵽Ҫʲô
ɻ֮ʱȴ¶һĨΪõЦݣŤͷԶȥ
һȻĶʹѪۺѪ඼׷׳ķȥ
УǱһƬļž΢紵Ҷ⣬
Ȼˣͳɣ
˫ָ΢΢һЦѲɣΪҰŵ𣿡
һƬ˻Ӧ
٣⡭
Ѫ̲סĿڡ
ﻹû˵֮ʣȴٴԵѪӥ㲻ѾµǵΪλаȣϳͲ
Ѫӥ
ĻѪۺѪ಻ɫһࡣ
ţֻáৡȻ֣ʱʮӰӺڰգۼԽʮ׵ľ룬ֱĳǰ
һܹʮ֮࣬ϤȻѪӥˣ
а죿кƾΪ֤Ȼʴ˻ȴѪӥһʥʵˡ
ʮİԴѪռԺ󣬻δ
Ȼ٣
ѪӥȴۣѪӥ٣
Ѫӥʶղ˵üʵ

ѪӥͷѪ죬٣
ʮˣͨͷϹԶټȫǱѪ֮е쫷֮ˣ쫷Ϊ˶ԸѪ¶İŵģЩѾǱ֮߰á
Ȼִܹ־ԻģҲֵΣ
첻ǣҲỳͷӣ
ʮУа˷ֱԡƣġΪʾɵѪһ
ˣǷֱΪѪӥѪѪɣѪ
ѪΪףѪӥΪ
Ȼ໥ʶƽִеȴǸԲͬĻദʱҲ࣬ˣΪŹͬĿԵʣԶԴԷҲʮ׽һһ㡣
ʱѪӥ϶Ļ󣬰Ѫڵʮˣѡš
ҵݣǿԼȥѯžסǣ
쵭ԵΣټҪ˵ǲŴӶģԼ뿪
⻰˵ʮֱ䣬ʮ㣬ʮɫ˲䣬Ѫڣȴ˸Ҳ
ȻҲûһ뿪ˡ
Ȼû뿪Ǿ͸ˣ
һѪۺѪ֮ʱºͣȻһѾ˽Ҫͷ֮պλʹߣټɽ·֮һĺ£ڱ⵽ԵĴǴõıԣҪҹʱ֮ǰǴ̽Ϣȫܽңסҹʱ
ڶȻ쫷֮ˣʦϹԶ쫷ҽĪɽĪүүҵĳԣҪǸҶҵĻΥͱҶǲѾɱ֮Ȩ
£쵱һĿʮһӹѪͣ˸ʱ䣬űصƷӿͬһ㳯ʮֶȥ
ɲǼ䣬ʮ˱ѹƵĺʮּѣɫ԰ֽ
Ѫ죬⵽صԴѹƵҪ³ѪҲκβͻɵľٶ
ס˵Ļ𣿡ѹУ
ǣ½ٷԸ
˷׷׹ӦŵѪۺѪ඼ʶһǿƵϣǶҲ׷״ͷȥ
ܺã
ͷ㣬ǰѪƶһѪµܣʲô֮˵
˹ӣͬʱȴҲǽЩֲЩ˷׷һѪڣȴҲҶκɣ߲ˡ
ˣ콫ټΪ˵ЩҲΪ˼ң
֣˵
΢һٺֵˣռϢȫѪӥУϣҾҪ𣿡
ף
˷׷ӦŵŰֵˣ˰ɣѪӥ£
ǣ
˺ܿĸϢȥѪӥȴǹ֪ٻʲôԸ
һлл㣬ѪӥæҲܽѪƶ֪̽ѪƶѪµܣЦ
²ԾӹѪӥæ
ĹͣһУȴ˼ˣһĪүү˵
ЦǺǵĵм飬ҪԼȥ죡
ٷԸɣ
ݣӦÿԽӴʹߵǸʹ߰ɣ
ԣ
ȥӴһ£Ƿܹ̽ʲôϢڽڣѾˣǾҵѪ粵ټ˵
Ѫ粣
ĻѪӥ㶣˼һȴ۾һܿĵͷǣ٣ףȥ
ţȥɣ
ͷѪӥ漴뿪
ѪۺѪ࣬ҲδʲôܿҲǴȥˡ

֮İʱ֣ڱĶľУ𣬶ľԼʸɫʮֵȻ
ѾȷЩ˵Ĳ֮ϸ磬˵ʲôʱѣľʵ
еЩˣֵȻǴѪռдӳʹʹߵˡ
ʲôϢʵ
֪ʵǷѾ˼ȥ飬Ҳ鲻Ͼ˼ҿʵľҡҡͷЦŻص
ҲգǾ賿ְɣ
ҲЩΣ漴λ̫ϳһ֣һˣպ¶ˣ
ҪҪ֪ͨһаɷǱߣʸԱʵ
أȻܴ󣬿ʵϵʵȴǿڣҲδػǵĻҡͷ˵
˵ǰ
ľƿЦ治֪ôЩ˵ģ׿ʵᣬһôģֻһ˵İţ
Ҳȸ׼һ°ɣ
Եȫֻ֣ܳɹʧܣܹҲһҲˣ
ܿ죬λǸ뿪ˡ
һж賿չҲɱѪ֮սʼ
һ죬Ǿζս


1778 
ĳɽУȻ濴ȥκα仯ɽ棬ȴǾۼ˲ٵˣէһǧ֮ڣÿһʵڵԪϣ󲿷ֶԪ׶Ρ
ЩҲѪ֮ˡ
ɽȽ棬һ½Ժ䡣
ԺסһһŮˡ
еĴʮ꣬ʵʥءʹߵʹߡ
ŮһϮɫװȴһѪɫ磬ɫ໥ӡ֮£ȴǱһС
ŮӴϿԼĪʮңʵʥ۷壬ʹߡ
λʹ߱ԵüΪ⣬ƺûн˴α֮зϣ˾Ǹ߰ѣֻҪǳ֣Ϊǵ֮һ
ӣ˵ʤ˻ȥϻʲôͣʹȣЦʵ
ô֪
һ˪ĵǻҪʲôͣĪ㻹ΪܹȡѪ¶ʹѪеĵλ𣿡
ӣ⡭
ʹߵӣʹĵͲܺú˵˵һʲôѲɣ㻹Ϻܶ˶ǷǮ𣿡
ϰˣ뿴Ǿͱ𿴣ʹ
ʮֲľһЩ
ͷ·һ麮κ˳ᱻһıӡ
Уǲ˵ˣ
ʹ߰ڰ֣ȴһĨͿ
һ֮߰Ϊʹ֮һˣƽ˸ΥĻҹ궼ᱻֱ
񣬿ʹߵı̬ȣĴɱ⣬ȴҲףܶʹߣڲܡ
һʱôȥڶ賿ʱ֣ʹߺʹڸԷ˯֮ʱȴǺȻһ֮ˡ
ģڸʲô㣿
ʹŭѣ𴲱Ǵš
ͬʱʹҲŴ˳ʹߵŭԣʹߵʮֱ䣬κα仯
ˣˣϮ
ܿ죬˹е
Ϯʲôˣʹɫһ䣬ʵ
֪ö˰ҡͷص
ߣ
ʹһŽ·߳ȥʹһͬȿڴȥ
ǺɱڶߵѪ֮˶ȫʹߺʹߵķԸҲǽϵĽŵֿ
ǧ˾һƼֱ캳ء
ĵǣͬ˶ڣȿڴʱγһּΪҵļսŸֺɱӴѪϢΧУֱֱֱŻ
ס֣ʲôˣ
ʹߵˣ㵱һŭ
Ͼʥصʵ˷̺Ԫŭһǹ㼤սʱֹͣ˸˿ֻѪȣصĸֲ֫ϱۡ
ǹµĳ
ʹ˫ۺҪƵģ
ʹ֮һգ
𣬶ľԼʸ˺ܹϵ˳ɫʵ
Ǻˣʹʵ
˭֪͸Ҵ˳
Цһ£ʵ㣬ҼλֱǶľľƣʸʸ
Ȼǣ
ʹ˫һУãǼȻһˣҲȥǣ죬Ҿȥͣ
ǴЩˣȫߣ
ʹ˫ɱֺ֣ȵȫɱһ
ǣˣ
˷׷ӦŵűǽԷ˹ȥ
ʹ߱ˣĿƵĵһս𣿡

һľٶǾһ㶡
ĪʹԴˮˡ
ȻʵȷȴҲֻʥضѣսˣ
ʹգ㲻ǵĶ֣
ôܣս겻ʮһ꣬ѾʥˣĪϲĶ򲻹£Ա߿ţôɱǣ
ʹ˵
ã
ʹߺʹĵͷԱһЩ
ɱˣͣҿô˵
ʹһʹߣ漴˲ڿգλ
ȻɱǣǾ͸ɴȥôҲõĻᱻ˵Զ٣ãҲܳһʱˣ
һЦǼٷ
ţľƺͻʸһۣǵĹЦУҲǺܿ˸߿֮ϡ
׳գ
ʹ³ƺУʹѾһûעһ㡣
ɣ
λʹкȻһѪɫͽɫֹâУȫʵƺҪһٽȫһ
ϧȴǹϵıˣ
λʵʥ۷壬Ȼûв򣬵űǵһСʹߣȴЦѣһۺ󣬼ͬʱչֳ˸ǿ
ǣʹ߱ˣ
ϡ
ء
ʹ߲ŵĲҺһμٳ󷽵ɶȥ˺üȺѪǱ
ôܣôôǿ
Уʹߴ

λûκλش𣬱Ǽٴγ˹ȥֻգۼĹ˱ʹǰֹٴμϮûиκϢʱ䡣
ǣʹ߸ӱˣ
ζʲôʽֿӲһٷĹ
¾סһˣ˵ĹҲ˲ִȫ޷ܣֻܲϵƾʵȥӲһȴҲܵ˺ԽԽ࡭
̶̲ʮʱ䣬ʹ߾ͳ˱Ρ
кüʮѪڣڲϵѪ·鲻ǼŽߵѪɫ磬Ѿõġ
ȫ£ͼһõĵط
ӣæ
ҵ˻Ȼ֣ʹѾûİ취
ʹֵ߲ĻΣˡ
ʹûָ߰
ৡ
ʹ߻һ׹⣬嵽˰еļսУӲĵס˵ĹƣҲʹܹǵõһЩϢĻᣡ
ϲôôǿ
˺һЩʹ
գ㻹
ʹߵĵֵԽ΢Ͼʵʹ߻ҪһЩʥ۷֮˵ĳ֣ܹȫֵôһѾǼΪˡ
ҡҡ
ʹ죬վǶδЩ˼
գʲôѵôҪˣҲˣˣҰȳģʹ
ҡ
ʹûж
˷ΣȴЦԭΪǶô߰һˣȴû뵽ôհգɴȥҸطֱϵˣ


1779 µľŭã
Ļʹ߸ŭַĵĿ־壬ȴٳٲκζ
һֱû
ΪڵǣΪ˴ϧôϲɽӧǰ
ˣ˾棿
Һƴˣ
־֮࣬Ǽʹͷŭ档
һ͵εų㳯ڵλֱϮȥ
ľϵܣʸϵܣ˽ˣ
ʹߵĿģǹһЦֶԸʹٶʹߣԱԶһЩĵطȥ
ã
ľƺͻʸӦһǵĹԱ֤ʹ޷ȥʹߡ
һߣڴż׿İУͣ
΢һٺǼٶʹߣ˫ȻƾҲɱңΣ
Ҫ񣡸
ŭϣͷеŭƵģ˿̵ʹһֻҪɱ궼Ҫǧ飬תͶ̥ܣ
Ȼ뷨ãȴҲ뷨ѡ
ϡһǳĵֱֵӱòַɳʹ߸ǸоֱһɾϮһ
ҾͲɱ㣡
ŭУʹѪʢΪһѪħͷƵģǱ˽֮ղŸǿ˲ٵʵ
ųϵնš
һѪâϮƫƫ˻˸һЩӰ⣬Ƥû˵ȥʲôʵԵ˺ˡ
ҲòϣЩʹߣȻԵ֮࣬ղ˵ȴҲٻһЩΣϾ˼ʥصʵ
ʱһߡ
Ŷľƺͻʸǿ֣ʥ۷ʵʹߣȴԵ׽⣬̶ʱбЩģ˺üӦѸ٣Ѿˡ
ʹӵŮˣܶľƻ߻ʸûκϧ˼
˾ǵˣǶԵ飬ɷԼȥ˺˶ʧȥҲһ
ңǵļƻξҪսپԲѪɽǱ߷ӦһɽԳ֣ε׼ȫ׷ˡ
Ҳ̫죬ΪǴ˷ĹȴһĿģ

Ȼ䣬ʹһҺ˵ɶϸһѪԿ࣡ʱ΢Ťתһ£µǸղһֱӱϵˡ
ȻˣҲشòȶκȴüΪѣ԰ֽһѪɫԡ
ͬʱǿƹУʹҲǱֱӴӰк˵ϣһĵضɽҡʹߺһӣǿѪȾȫ
⣬һʼڣҲȥ˰Сʱѡ
ɽȴȺսȴҲ˼ΪȻĳ̶ȡ
ΪԵԵʣЩѪ֮˸Ƕ֣󲿷Ԫʵϴ˴Ԫ֮⣬вٵʥֻʥңȴҲЩѪֵܹ֮ġ
СʱʱȥЩѪ֮ȫ˱ľ棬մ˴μߣ಻Сʱȫܣȫ
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Ҫʹߺʹɱֵˣȴ˲оһɾϮɫͬʱ˲ĽˣͬʱһǵصƿֲϯЩս֮˲ò˶ֹͣ
μϣ
֮ˣʹߺʹǿʹ࣬
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ֻʱĺȴֻһۣԭܼ򵥣ϴǿն˫ۣʱԺȻָܹȴҲܹһֱ³ѾǼΪˡ
ҲҺ쵱ݴʹ˹ȻݵǿҩЧº²ܹȫָ
ϾΪʶķҲȫģ
ɣ
һλʹߣ̧̧֣Ƿ𣬶ڴһԪʹǵۿɼٶȻָ˲١
ţŤͷѾվһλ˸Ȼɱû룬һûȥǣǾȻԶ
£
ɫĵɽµһѣҲţ
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ЦΪ˵ĳ֣þƾһܹмôʱ𣿡
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Ļºλʹ߶ʱɫһ䡣
̫ϳϣ
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ں¿˷۷ϳ֣ԲܲһЩסǵء
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ৡ
ͬ˲һ㣬º󣬱ӰһռУֱӳǰ
ҵ쾣ԣˣټ϶ľĶľ֣ԼʸĻʸ硭
ʲô
¼״־ŭ
ôҲû뵽̫ϳϵΪ˵һֱزôЩڻս֮УҲܲʣú¸о˽նЩ˶ıɱ֮ġ

°ѣλʹҲɫѿ
ʹߣ֮ǰΪƾһ֮ռ򣬿ûԼ˵
£ɸҵһս
Ե
ǲҪ̫
ҧҵ˶۸٣ʲô£ѵ۷Ϊ𣿡
֪ˣ
Цѣ˼ǻ˶۸ˣô
ԣ㡭
ĲУ漴λ̫ϳûٶ˵һ䣬ֱӳչ˹޷ܣֻޱȱĽܡ
죬Ҿǣ
һȻŭ˼㣬˸ı
Ӱ˸һһ㣬Ϸ˾ҵļսʶҪһ㡣
˿̣˵ĿȴٴλʹϣϸֳһĨ֮֮ǰӱɱ
֮һֱûжɱ֣Ϊպ
ѾﵽȶĿģ˵ҲǴãȻҲûмµıҪ
ʹɫޱѿȻںµİ»ָһЩɴʱǿɱУֻĲѣһתӵĳ嶯ΪŮ˵ʹߣȴ˶ӣֿ뷨ȴҲǲЩ㵡


1780 ɱ
ͷеּսλȴĶʹߣƺڴ˿̱øࡣ
ͬʱԭͣµ˴սȴٴչ
λһºٴζѪ֮չĳֺɱҲٴ쳹
֣
ۣȳʹ߳˹ȥ
ţľƺͻʸҲǽǿĹϯֻһ˲Ĺ򣬱ѾǽպλʹС
ɱ
ʹ˫ѪâһǾֱĻһ⣬˷ĳ˳ȥ
ʹߣƺΪĿ־壬ȫ޷ӳʵ켱ٳϮȥƹʹߣ·ʹ߸оһּѹп־ࡣ
գʲô𣿡
Ȼʹ߿кȳʹʹ߶ʱһ·ĳħʹߵıָ˲١
ףĻǲݵľˣ
ȫԸܹһȫ룬ɻȥ֮ȴҲضյĳͷ
ڵʹ˵Ψһİ취ƴһУ¾㲻ɱǣҲҪȫԸӳʱ䡣
ΪĴ֮һĺ¼ȻѾˣΪ뱾Ȼа취֪ͨҲѪɽ¹
ʱ䲢ȷʹıھȫǰ£ܵʱ䣡
ʹߣ˲ԭʧʼ˼ٵ˸һȴҲʹ˷Ĺֱ˿մܹʹ߸оһֹ֮⣬ûʲôõЧ
һߣʥ۷ʵٴεֵסľƺͻʸƵʹߣȴҲɫ԰ֽѪɫȻҲʱҪԣԲû֮ǰǰֱģеԪ˶桭
ȥ˵Ҳһʱʲô̫ΣգҲɫΪ˾ĽսҲòӴ˸ֵĹƣһȴҲǵԪĽ֮պ¶˸࣡
ȻϾ˫ʵ࣬λǷܹɱ˵Ŀ϶ԡ

ء
䡭
֮мսͣӰǲϵ˸ĲƬռ䶼֧ŲסƵģʱбĿܡ
Ϊĵĺ£˿ȴǱ˼㡣
ֻж۵ʵŻָ಻أʵĶ֣Ե׽⣬Ӧ
ϾǴ˷ƻȫźѾȫָ»صʵŵģ
λ̫ϳ֣¾أҲкܴսʤ֮
˵ڵĺֻأһֻһ۰ˡ
Ϊսپλ̫ϳϺԥʩչ˼ΪǿĹƣҪһ㡣
ʸĽԹâľƵˮԹâټ쾣ԼЩӣȴʮѤöĿĲɫâƬȾļΪȻֹУ̺ŵȴޱɱ
˸ϹͬʱԭڵĶƲҲȫȻʧΧγһĿռƵģ֮⣬ֻʣֲǿɢ
ܿ켤սУǺϵ·˲٣˲ٵѪڣҪȴλ̫ϳϵΧУܹЧֿԽԽúͷǷŭ˼㡣
ģ
ɫѿѡ
֮ǰ£Ϊ˻ϧնȥ˫ۣ۷λ̫ϳϵĹУоһǿҵ衣
ȫʢʱڵʵҲôľ棡
û
ԣԽŭˡ
϶ȻɫâʢѪҺ̳ĺɫܹᵽŨѪϢ
ҽƴˣ
µǴӺǿмƵģ³һɭϢѰѪ֮˵Ϣͬʱĺչֳĸӱ䣬һ㣬˵ıҲǱزѡ
ɣ
һŭ𣬺ɫĹâһ㣬һȴַ·һ㣬ƿ֮Χ˼ƶȥ
ɣıɫ޲סĻǾ㲻Ҳˡ
ҪģĺڹԲ򵥣̺żǿľ綾ļˣûóö֮һжǺؽ룡
ܹú˷ŭʩչȹƣ̺֪Щɫ޹Ŀռ䣬һռѷ죬еո̡
ȻܹΪ̫ϳϣӦԼս֮ʱѡ涼ųܶ˵ơ
£ȴûκεĽţμٳܷɿʱ򣬸ȴǱ˸Ϊҵƣܿռ֮ĲƣӡֹƱϯ
ŴŴš
Ȼ𾪵ˡ
ǵǿƣʩչԺȻΪ֮𶯣Ǽɫ޵ʱ򣬾ǱֱӲסͬʱۿɼٶֻƬ̼Ĺ򣬱Ѿǳ׻Ʈɢ
˵ʲôˣ֮ڶûܽӽ
ô£
˿𾪲ѡ
ѾûʱǶ˼ˣЩԺɫ޾ٴα࣬Ըٶȳƶȥ
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ۣλǺƴˣ첻ΣҲҪ
ã
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Իº˱ԥĵͷӦ
ৡ
ʱ䣬ٴչͬһ㽫ĺɫ޲ɢֿҲʱԺкâһȵ磬ܣң
ã
쾺ʱ󣬵ס󱳵ɲǣǽǸԪڣһߵĶľʸȫʩչɫ޵ֵ⡭
£
Ʒ񱬷쾺ԪУһգۼ˺üľ硣
˫ȻƽƣһƼ򵥵Ȼ֡
ȻֵɲǣȴеĹһ㣬ñǺڰĻ˲١

ɫ䣬оǰûоֱΣ
ڸոҪܵʱȴǷܿռѾˣǵȴѾ

һɲǣֻһȡ
ֱӴ͸˺µӣһѪչֿ±ȴƽֱԭһ
һУ˲ֹͣ
ŴŴš
Ȼ䣬һ
ãǺµӺƲƬһѿ漴ƮɢһĿܡ
Դˣ±ΪѪĴУµĵڶķ


1781 һɣ
ˣ
ʬ޴棬һмû£νĲˡ
˭Ҳû뵽У¿ȥȻһ˿һֿ֮ûС
ӣʲôֶΣôǿ󣡡
ɱ˺֮ЩɫҲ֮ʧĶľֺͻʸߵǰ治ѵʵ
Ȼʱǲŷ֣ԵɫЩ԰ףȻһĺܴģ
Ҳûʲô
ҡҡͷİ»ָһЩѪɫԵҾǺȻ˵ɱµʱ˫򣬶֮ǰߣҲΪо֮ӿ
֮£ǽ֮빥ͬʱܹԪԼĹǿڲڹ֮УһǺûκνҵĿܣ˵
Ȼ⻰ʮּ򵥣Ҷףϸ緢ֻܹ֮ģ˾ľ
˵ܹɱ£ǹû
ĸеκһˣ벻ԸõĻɱ취
ˣȲ˵Щˣ
԰˰֣Цȥ濴ôˣʱ䲻ˣǱҪɽ¹֮ǰˣ
ߣ
ԵĻ̼·ȥ
ʱ𣬶ľʸˣѾռ˾ԵϷ磬Ȼλʹȫڲ˸ܣҲܹ˵Ĺܶ඼ڿմɴ˵ӽǸûκλᣬֻҪʱԳһ㣬Ԫĵ߰˰ˣôҲ϶ӵ顣
ǵʱȴˡ
£
ȻӰдһƮԵλ̫ϳϣǶʱɫһϲ
λ̫ϳȫȫأζʲô
ζź
ںǷˣûǵĿ֮С
ϡ
ʹߺʹ߶˱ޱѿ
ʹ߱ʱģȴڴ˿̱״˻ȥĵĿ־ٴȡ֮ĺŤͷܡ
ɱˣ
ľĿǰˣɱʮ㡣
ӺúϢȥʸ˵
ã
ľֵͷͻʸֻգۼǰ
ȥһ˰ɣҪսپ
Կ˳֣ŤͷλԸ
ǣ
λͷܿĳԶǻսмȥͷͻɽƵģԭʹƵѪ֮˸ӱңߣԳ֣ȴҲܵ˼Ĺ裬˺ܶ࣬ЩѪ֮˸ӱɱ¾УȫûκӱܵĿܡ

ʱǸоһǿģ޷ɱȫʹɫޱѿΪҵĴ
ʹߣȻЩ⣬ԾվԭأȫԪĵ׼ľֺͻʸӲûһ֮⣡

ľֺͻʸûһ˼ʹҲĵȷȷһƯŮˡ
ס֣
Ȼ˼еɲǣһһѹŮ𣬱ʹߺʹǰȻһ߲ʻ֣ǽʸͶľֵĹȫסûκЧ
ৡ
ţһռӣһɫɫȹŮӻ˼ǰ
ʲôˣΪʲôҪֹǣ
ľɫֱʵдԵĳ֮⡣
ʱʸԼ쾡Ժ˹սһǺȻֵŮӣɫʮء
ԭҪսپģû뾹·ɱһҧ
ŮܹɵĽ¶ľʸĹɴҲɿ쿴ʵ֮ǿ¾ڣˣ
ʹ߿ȻֵŮӿ϶Ѫ֮ˣԵǽе˾һҪȾǣ
ס죡
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˵ģʹߣ
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סҲʺֻǸһѣ
ŮޱһȻץסʹߵֱۣǾֱռ䣬˲Ѿʧɫ䣬Ҫ׷֪ĸȥˡ
òʲôˣʲôĿģ
ԶԶģŮӵƮ˹סҽлƣ֪Ļȥ죡
ƣ

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ڳĻȻᷢʹߵŮӲǱˣǻεĻƣѾ޵Ľ¹ֻǣΪʲôҪִ£ϧͲö֪ˡ
ˡ
ûκܹȵʹߵڶľֵĶ£κλȥĿܣֻܱһ𽥱ʬ塣
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ʱʱ䣬Ѫ֮һȫ۷ߣҲһܹһѪ֮ˣ̶Ҳܹܵģ
ԴˣƻĵһȻɡ
ܿ죬ұǼٴ뿪ˣֱӻصľڽ
뿪ʮӣȴһѪɫӰиֶûκοռ䲨
ôһ
ܵĲƣԼǵǲ֫ϱ۵ĻѪɫӰŭѣѪӿ·ضܲסĿֲ
ѪɫӰǱˣѪɽ£
ǲݣ
ɽŭҲ˼Ӱ죬ʹߺʹˣȴûôϡ
ɽ¿ǲֻѣ

Ȼ䣬һŭ춯ء
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ԣ
ӺʬĸʬȫʧһƬս֮Ĳƻ
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ɻɲǣɽ¶Ȼɫ䣬漴ԭʧ֪ȥ˺η


1782 壬̽Ѫƶ
Ѫռ䣬ѪԺС
ڴʱҹµһƬžѪѪԪ˶˯˹ȥĹʩΪУ¾ڽɱˣκεķӦ
Ժвһ磬ʮڴˣ쫷Ǳʮˡ
챾֮⣬ƣˣټѪӥѪѪԼѪˣ⻹ѪѪˡ
վǶѪۺѪվǰʮŲİףȴЩΡ
Ѫռ䣬ѪµĴӪڣҲֻЩԼˡ
ң챾˵ʵڵģҲ쫷֮ˣ¾һһĪүүĽĪɽ飬ϹԶʦûļ쫷磬һȴҲЩ˶Դ㹧
ϿûʲôֽҪͷ˶ĻΥĻǺֱ
ڵ죬ҪľǽԼƣѪռУҪЩ˶ĻκΥ
ȿȡ
һ컷ˣŵļдֵֽᶶ˶Եǳڴ̽Ϣôãкܶڹûдأ

ĻȴһƬĬȻһ
ǺǡǺǡ
Ц
ۣܺð
аЦУĿȻѪӥѪӥΣ
٣ҵȻǱվãʵȴûжĵλԡѪӥ˹֣˵
ŶôԣǾ͸ɴһŪң
ۣаЦȴתѪȥѪ죬˵أ
Ҳ֪
Ѫҡҡͷֱӵ
һ֪ۣ
аЦȴ˸żΪĺâҵȷ̫Сǰ
١
Ѫ۲ɵڣҪȰ˵ʲôȴֱӰָֹ
ۣ첻ٶԣȻȴͷųһޱȿ񱩵ƣѹһĳǰʮֶȥֻһ˲Ĺ򣬱Щɫףʱᳯϵȥһ㡣
ôñʵǣ
Ϊٲ쫷֮ˣǾ͸ҶҵĻΥ
ߣЩ˳ʱյѪӰ죬Ѿˡ֮ģ
ЩƵĻ䵱˵֮ġĸֵʱ򣬸һһ٣ѹԽһġ˵ʱصƸȻﵽ۷塭
ͨͨ
ɲǼ䣬ǰѪѪӥʮҲܲסƵѹȣͬʱȫڵأ·ڲЩĲüѲѣһɫ԰ֽѿ˼㡣
һĻڳ˷׷ݡ
ûܵӰѪۺѪ࣬Ҳ֣ǻǵһθܵɢֲֿѹ
ƽЦԣûһӡ
ڵƱŷȴƱһƵģһ˲ֱӣֻܳĿֲѹ
Ƕˣ
ֲԺУ𣬡Ȼ쫷֮ˣȴɱȨ㱾ڽȫɱˣǵ󽫺ҽ˶κԹԣǲţ
ţ
˷׷״ͷһֺǾѲ˵ڵһ㡣
Ѫޱ𺳡
˿оǰ֮Īɽλ󽫴ӵеƸǿ
ŵĻ͸ʵ㣡
кâ˸ΣҾĹǣ
һʱֻһʱʱ䣡
ۣһʱ֮ҪϸϢͳƣǲһ㣬ҳˣ
ǣ
˼æӦŵ漴콫֮ʮ˲һķ׷뿪¶κβı顣
٣
Щ˵뿪Ѫԥһ£Ҫ׼˵ʲôʱȴǰֵʣΪʲôҪȻôǲǾ̫һЩ
²ңѪۼæ
Ǻǣ㰡Բԣ
һĸղŵޱƣЦѾ˹ؼʱЩ˶ΥĻֻǣǶ֮ǣˣﲻ棬ѪµѪռ䣡
ǡѪۼԥ
ô
ЦЦҪǾԵΣҼĻ˵ҾҪĪүүͷŻˣ

ѪˣѪֱЩͬĿЦá
ˣ˵Щˣ
˰֣һǽдϢȫ㣬ȻѪҷű࣬Ҫúõķ
ǣ٣
Ѫ۹ӦŵźǺһЦʮ뿪ķЦŻص˷ڡ

ҹһϮ£ںڰҹɫڻУ·Ѫƶ⡣
ΣȴСģͨѪҶ붴֮󣬼ͣ˵㣬ûκ˵ע⡣
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бɽ·ֵĿܣҲܲ
ҺãǰмѪҲ·ˣڻᵢʲôʲôʱ䡣
ѪƶʯУǰʮͨڣ۾
߸ھŸԼʮͨڣصĹ۲죬뵽Щ·Լóʮ޵ĽۣԺвϵļ˼š
Ȼһܴˡ
ܹ֮ʮ޵·ΪֻֽϣЩ·ȴǿӡɽϵģôЩ·ָȥϣܲܽЩ·ڵʯֱӹɣ
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ѵҪĳЩӡ
üͷνǰ˼⡣
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üͷûһ˿չ漴ȴȻɫһ䣬ԣⲻûзӦҵԪͻһ־ܾķӦ𣿡
ã
Ȼ䣬ɫ˲䣬Ǻԥԭʧֱ뿪
Ȼ뿪֮Ĳӣͼܿռӣ৵֮Ӱͬʱ֣
ÿһԺڽ棬ź£ֻ¶һ˫˫Ѫɫ˫
⼸ӰϣһϢͬĻƵģɨܺκκۼ֮⼸Ӱʧͷ·δֹһ㣬ǹȵ˼㡣


1783 Ѫ
ںֵ⼸Ӱ첢֪顣
뿪Ѫƶ󣬱ǼӼֱӻصԼԺС
١
ѪۺѪ˲δȥ˯ԺеȺ
ѪѪԪ찲ȥҪǸؿϾմ˼˵¾ҹʱ֣ҲҪͨؿҲȻȻҪȥ顣
ʱѪѪԪǰȥǱߣҲǸǴ˷㡣
ʵǰʱ䣬Ҳò̽ˣҲ֪˵Ƿģԥ˵Ҫ׷죬¾ѳѪҲϧ
仰ʱɱǵ뷨
ԺҲЩô
ƺҲĲʲôȴδʣÿ춼ȥؿǱܹΪĵѪۡѪ˵̸
صԺѪۺѪ࣬첻Цһ£ռϢǲϸѪƶϼȥʱͬ
ǲǱˣѪɫһ䣬ʵ
ӦûУ
ҡҡͷġ
ɡ
Ѫۿ׼˵ʲô֮ʱĿȴǺĳԺŵķȥҲ¶һĨаȵЦݣѪۺѪ΢ıУֽԺŴ򿪣ȻͬʱҲܵĽһͨ
ȻˣǾͽ˵ɣ
ĵ
л٣
洫һ漴һӰ첽˽
ǱˣѪ졣
٣
ߵǰѪʱ
˷ֹ̬ȣ֮ǰһμʱȴȫر
ѪۺѪҲЩ΢㶣㲻Ѫһ˹ʲô
ô
ʾ԰꣬Ѫʵ˵ʲôߣ𣿡
²ң
ѪЦһ£֮ǰȷ󣬶ٲ֮ٶ£ΣʵרٸģгʹѪضԹԣ

һѪѪȴǾ첻ѡ
֮ǰѪֳ֣ͲԸ⸺֮˰
Ѫ죬㵽ΪҲüͷʵ
뻳ɣ
Ѫһ£ѪۺѪࡣ
ʲôֱ˵
쿴ѪԥԵҿǻҪֵΣ
ǣ
ѪĽˣĻҲǸжѡ
ʵӦ֪ǼǱֶǺĵģȻѪ죬ǡĪƣѪ˵
Īƣ
㶣Щ״Ժ⡣
Ѫ۾Ī٣ɡѾ
Ѿˣ𣿡
ѪǺһЦĪ֮ˣⲻǲŵһƲ߶ѣΪľܹʧӶɹǱѪ֮У
㲮ȵȣĪ
ü۾һĵ˵ĲòָľĪүүɣֶ
ǵģ٣
Ѫ칧ղһȥַϵһ²Ҵһ٣ͬʱٵķԸȥҲκ飡
ٻЩɣϾûĪɽôһֶĴڡ
Ѫۺܿ콫Ѫ죬ҲĪƵȷҲĪƣڵѪ˸ε˽⡣
ĪƣȷĪɽֶɡΪĪɽӵԵʣǽĪС㽫侫Ϊ˲˶֪
Ѫ֪ĪƣȴڶʮʱⲻĪóǰѪ۶Ϊ˵Ļʵ
ΣѪĪһѾȷ
ѪܹĪɽ鵥ϵҲĪɽ˽⵽˹Ĳټ֮ǰʮ˵ǿѹѪ첻κС֮ģҲŻ˴˴εţ֮١
ڳƺϾѪռ䣬컹ǽѪ죬ĪƵıҲֻܵѪ֮º󣬲ָˡ
ȻĪүүֶôǾһˣ
ǺһЦ߰ɣ˵
˵ţ㾶ֱ뷿УѪ죬ѪѪǽ
˶ºſڵѪ죬㵥Ƿ飿
У
Ѫ챾ҡͷȴҲ޷ϵĵԴ
Ŷ£΢΢һЦʵ
ʵֻ֮԰ˡ
⡭⡭
ѪȴüΪԥü죬ʼû˵ʲô
ʲô£
üлֱ˵ǣ
٣ҡһϣܹӦʣѪſڵ
˵첻÷ĵ
ʶһˣļѪ£˵а취ѪµĿƣ³ΪͨˣԡѪ컺˵
Ŷ
첻üëһĪүү˵ģ
ǣ
Ѫͷݲ˵Ѫ֮һеѪ粡
ǺǺǡ
ûѪ˵꣬ǺǺһЦĴϵĪүүȷʮֿ㣬Ȼ¶˵ˣһ˵ˣѾûѪ粣
ûѪ粣
˵Ѫ첻ɫһ䡣
˼ԾѪ
ᣡ
ЦŰڰ֣ںܺãֻѪѾڣڵȴ粣һͽܣ
ԭˣѪһǷƭ
˵ѪᵽǸˣĪǸŮģңѾ㺣ʵЦ⡣
٣û
Ѫ켸ҪϣϷʵѪȴֿЦһ£һŴú
˵ʵѪ쵱ĸ׶Ѿ㹻Ů֮·棬ȴһ
ˣҿԴӦ㣡
ڰ֣ҲŮӵ˭һҪ֤ΪԼˣҡ
ˣȻɭһЩԶǵĵˣΣѪӦף
ǣл٣ףлллл
֮ԣѪͷȻѡ
ʲôʱ򣬴һסҪ¶ݣЦʵ
ҡ
Ѫɫһ䣬첻üʱòңʵѾʵݸɣ
ҡ
Ѫͷ
İҲգ㼴̽ϣʧ
˰֣ѪŹ뿪
Źȥ˲ʱʱ䣬Ѫ»ˣԸһԼĪʮ߰Ůӣò̫ƯȴѪһּΪͿĴڣ³Ѫ֮ˣ϶ɢһº͵Ϣ˿ûѰѪ֮ʱʱɭ

ѪŴŮڣҪ׼˵ʲô֮ʣȴǰִϵѪ죬ѪۣѪȳȥ
ǣ
ѪۺѪԥѪȴɫһ䣬ŮӸҧҧԵüΪš
ôѪ죬һʲô𣿡Ƴһۣ
ǵģҡͳȥ
Ѫ켱æҡͷֵŮӼ䣬ԾɴһЩǵ뿪
ʱⷿоֻʣŮˡ


1784 £ʦ㣡
оѪ첻ĵ͵һĨЦ˻֣ʱſһ罫
ǰŮӣЦʵ֪С㷼
ҡҽ£µص
Ϊᣬ·һƿůһ㡣

ɫ䣬ȴ˼־衣
Ϊиоһ˿Ȼ֮·꣬鲻Խһ˿ϧ֮⡣
ʵ㹻Ļ¶ᱻȻסˡ
ǲɱ⣬Ի޶ֱɱ֡
ΪԼΪѪľ԰ȫ
ԭС㣡
첻ɫĵͷЦ˵ɣ
лл
лҹƵ档
СѾ֪Ѫʵݣô֪ģԸѪ£ԴѪ˫˫𣿡ʵ
Ը⣡ҺãѾ
ºԥĵͷӦ˵ˣҲĹ絽ʲôݣⱲΨһˣ
硭
¶Ѫĳƺ첻Цһ¡
棬ȴкܶ˶ôƺš
ˣмС㣬֪Сɷش𣿡ֵ
ʣ
ף˸ղѪԴ֮ʱĹ̬ȣ·ѪһٵĽҲû˿ĲֵüΪ˳
ֹ˳УȴԾȻ֮ɢΪ˼֡
СΪֹӦǴҹɣô֪СԺţʵ
¼ЦˣҲһ۵ļѣ¿Ц
Ŷԭ򰡣
ǺһЦȴǻɸ
ΪڣûҵĴڣ
˶٣첻ɫļʵǲ֪СѪʶమǿԵĻɷһ
⡭
Ļ²һ죬Ťųٳûпڡ
ǺǡС㻹Щ˼Ҳգǵ˽Ҳʣ
ЦЦ΢һ֮ʱȴǺֵôһһ⣬ϣСܹʵش𣡡
ʣ֪ݣҲֻá¡һˡ
ȻѪãѪǺĽʵݸ֪㣬ô֪СǷҲһԴʵ
ȻºԥӦ
ô
ȻЦһ£ɷңΪʲôлǵȻ󹦷ڼҵĵһֱۣó
⻰Ȼʮɣȴʣ²ɫһ䣬ԭˮĽݣʱ˲١
СŮӲ׸Ե׺⣿ʲôǣʲôȻ󹦷СŮһŲºָܿЩίĵ
ʶң
תԵ
Ȼʻһ˿˿ɱ·һ㣬¸һ
Ҳ׸ʲô˼µһμ棬ʶڽƱ硣
ô㲻Ҳûϵҿ㱣֤Իգв
̫
վѾûʲô˵ˣǣ
˵꣬±ߵſڣҲδһɲǼ䣬ȴײһϣ˵ȥˣӽǿƽߵĴҲС
ûҵΪߵ𣿡
ϣЦȰûʵȻұ֤
ʱﶯҲδȴɢޱȱɱ䣬쾪ǣ²κλ֮⣬ϴ˿ȫǿЦΡ
ٺαǿѣ
»عͷɬĪãҪĻȵڣ
ʶң
ۣ㾿ʲôˣӽĪΪ
ˡĲ˵
ҡҡͷֻܸ٣Ҳκζ⣡
ΪһһٵȻ֮ҪԻңǿʽƱ磬վҵλϣ𣿡
ᣡ
ǿЦһ£쵱ߵҲ֪ˣ
ҡ
º촽΢ţΡ
漴ĿУºĶ䶯˶ȴظĿڵȻ֪Ҳֻʵʵ˵ˣ
˵
˽Ƴһۣס
ʲôʵҪһʦһʦãٶȻİ
ƺͨһ㣬ΪɵЦ˵
ʦʦã

ףʵСŮʦϲһϮȹʦȴԶ򣡡
Īǡ
⻰͵˫ۣĪʦ̣˵ʦȴˮˮ
ǣЦŵͷ
⡭ôܣôû˵иͽܣûˮἰиʦ㣡쾪
ٲŵĻɿ
ĻɣȴǲſһɫѣΪСɣȴɢһϢϢȴǺϸоȫһ¡
ԣڼɫѵɲǣѾǽµĻȫ
ɫΪκ˶޷ƺͼװģ
ңϸϸղŴɢȻ֮ȷż̵Ӱӡ
û뵽㾹Ȼǡ
ЦԳһ£Ҳýһʦ㣡
ٿˣ
½ɫպãǷҿɲҵֻϣٲҪұǣҶĪƾ޶⣡Ⱳӵˣ
Ȼʦ㣬ỳɣ
ǺһЦʦΪλĪֻΪ˰
ôش𣬿ҲŰɣ
ЦЦ˵ʵĿĺһΪѪ£ͬǣֻǰаѣ
ʦʾ
Ļ治˵
ҡҡͷҲǷʦķԸпܵĻ֮Իף
ðɣ
ЦãҲֻˡ
ǲ֪Ƿ뿪ˣ죬Ц
Ȼԣնðʦ㲻Ҫ⣡ǸһЦ漴ֳ˷Ľ硣
ٿˣ
ӯӯһЦ΢˶ٺȴֵ٣о仰ʦҴؼס
ʦ˵
зУ󣡡
һЦ˵ʮֺ󣬱Ǿֱ뿪ˣһͷˮվԭأƷƵġ
˿̣洫ѪǵĵԼ¼Ϊİοȴûһ㣬˾Ѿ˳˼״̬
֪ȥãѪۺѪлعѪѾ뿪ˡ
٣ôˣ
Ѫʵȴҡҡͷʲôû˵ֻѪ뿪ķż˼⣬ȴ޷϶ɫ


1785 ˲룬ݹ
תۣʱȥ
ѾΪʮµĳԱʾ˶ľκҲȻҶ˵ʲô
ѪѪԪԹؿǱߺæΪɣһֱûл
־ٶʮֵͣȻҪǶһᣬֻǿǻ᲻Լסˡ
ȻڻУ
ʹǱߵôǴûǰ
üͷʵǰֶѪۣѪ࣬ѪԼѪӥˡ
⻰ʵҪǶѪӥʵġ
ϾټЩ˵ҹҲǽŸ
ǵģ
ѪӥͷЦѾķԸ˵鵽˹Ѫ粵飬ǲʹһֱû¶棬ֻǴһµŮң
Ů
˫һâǸŮô˵ģ
ֻ˵ʹʱĻңľûˣѪӥص
ʹ߻湻صİ
Цһ£ѪӥͶעⷽ棬ҲṩһЩϢȻǼԼˣԭҪ٣Ҳ֪ͨ㣡
ǣף
ѪӥӦŵ
˶٣ֵѪ죬ЩǴȽϳʱˣ˽⵽Ѫռлʲôĵط𣿡
٣˵ʵڵģ
Ѫεػص˽Ѫռģ¾ֻѪһˣڿܻļ֮⣬¾ʹ֪Щ
Ǽûһ仰зУ󣿡ʵ
зУ󣿡
ˣȴɻȫ⵽ʲô˼
Ȼ˵ǵĴǵ׽͡
У޷Ǿǽľˮˡ
ȻָǶ׻ϷȸԼ䡣
Ǿ仰ȫôһͷˮɶаͷԡ
ˣȥɣ
εİڰ֣Ŷˣں£ʹԼʹѾǼƻĵһѾȫɹʱ䣬ҶҪصһЩǧҪֹؼʱ¶ʲôµĻǹˣǲҪߣ
ǣ
˹ӦŵŸ뿪
ڷУüͷѾʮ޵ֽԺҲǲ˸˵ʮ֣зУ
ɺһȴʼûκ׼ȷĴ𰸡
뵽֮ǰҹ̽ѪƶʱǾܾԪ·ԼȻо˲ĹΣĵ΢
Ȼ֪뿪֮󣬳ֵļӰȴԼĸоԴʵͻʥԺְĸоֻҪһ֣ʹûдһΡ
⼸ΨһĺϢ汱У۷ɹ£ʹֻҲ֣ͬʧһʱĻƾȻ֣ǿдʹߣ벻ͨˡ
ղŶѪӥ˵ʹҲҲ֮٣ܲ˵ƵĴڰɣ
˵ǣֻǻƵĴڵȷһܣԽ֪Խá
֪ôˡ
ЦŰҡͷϵȥ򴴽µ⵹Ӧûʲô⣡ֻǿ񽣺ͷǡ
Ļˣ͵ʲô˲һ۾ҲɢޱȲõĹâ
񽣣׻龧
ӣӰľģ
ټıˮ壬Լ˫Ӵеɩӻʸ橺ܷܷõĽ
۾Ź⣬֮ǰһֱУӱϿȷӦû
׻龧𣬱Ӱľľˮˮ𣡡
֮Ψȱʧңƿصĺаȴԡ
һֱǺ֣еĻôûĴ
ˣ첻˫ۣϸֳһĨЦ⣬Ƕȥ룬ǾͲһˣ
ľ׻Ϸȸ𣬱ˮǡþԣ
зУָ¾˼ˣ
ԽԽ뷨ȷȻȷЩһЩҲֻֽͲܹ˼档
Īǡ
Ȼ䣬Ťͷʮ޵ֽţԺжʱһ˵뷨뷨һֺ󣬱ܵ˴̼һļȫ޷ơ
ôˣ
ӺȻֽֽ봢ָڣ㾶ֱĳѪӥסǸׯ԰ȥ
˿ѪѾΪѪӥĸׯ԰ڵҲûֹҲܿں԰м˸ոջõѪӥ
μˣ
Ϊڳֵúܺá

Ѫӥͷܼ˺ȵ°ɣҺѪлҪ˵ûҵķԸκ˲ܿ
ǣ
Ǽ˹ȥܷ֮޵˴ڡ
ѪӥҪ񣬶ȴڰֱ֣ԵѪӥ㣬뿪ʱ䣬ʲô취
٣ǡѪӥ
˵ʱ뿪Ѫռ䣬ձʲô취ܹ𣿡ʵ
⵹ʲô⣡
Ѫӥһ£˵
Ҫôæʵ
ܼ򵥣ҵ壬ȥǣѪӥص
ǰȻʲôڲһ
üȻЩ˵鲢δɽѾ׼óȻôȥ»۵ݱ¶
ǡ
ĻѪӥҲһڲЩж
ú룡ߴٵһҪ죡
룬롭
Ѫӥͷ˳˼УҲٳţԹԵĸԼһ裬غš
ڣʮӹȥѪӥȻ۾һ٣뵽ˣ
ʲôȲʵ
ҺͲʹ˵Ѫ粵Ϣôҿȥ룬ҴȥѲ飬ʱ򡭡
Ѫӥ˵û˵꣬̽ӿڵʱҾͿһ뿪û޹ͬɵģ
һ޹
Ѫӥҡҡͷ˵ֻҪûһЩ֤ݣˣ
ûһЩ֤ݡ
Ĭһ£ܿЦŵۣô죡ʲôѪӥھȥԿ
ã
Ȼ֪쵽ҪȥʲôѪӥ˿Ҳûгɵľֱ뿪ˣߵȺ򣬴ûһʱʱ䣬Ѫӥ㼱ҴҵĻˡ
ȻûмʹߣȴŮŮĴУʾʹѾͬѪӥ˵
ţȻȥ˵һѪӥһͬóѪɫ뿪Ѫռ䡭
٣ҡر򿴿
Ѫӥһ£˵
쫷ɣ
ǺһЦУϵϢԣòҪߣɣ֪ͨĪүү㣡
ã
ѪӥҲĹǣȻûκ顣
ܿ죬ĪɽԵˣֻǺ캮һѪӥ뿪ǻָĿ󣬾ֱĳɽ˲ƶȥ


1786 ˵ļ
裬衭
أרԺУſڳƵĴϣСʵְȥʲôѽҪ೤ʱܻ
Ҳְˣ룡ҲԱ˵
˴Ȼûжԣ̬ȴ˵һˡ
Ƕǳ졣
ʱĳƣӽ֮֮ǰ˲٣ԵĿԻĸԵĹԡ
һḧŶӣһСһԴЦŵǰְֻһʱܻܿǾͿԶԶֿŶ
𣿡
Ĵ۾һ
ôĻЦ
Ųأɡɰְֶ뿪ööأæٵҡҡԴ漴ĵ
СһСƶĵܵܺãӷ˳жһЩζȡ
衭
ӣĸ֮УҲֻǳǣҲСһ˼־⡣
ȻⲢǺ£һء
ţѺҲż˳ܿұһźţеĳƶûʲôɿڣԵĲֺһΪеԵʣԵĶǰ˽һ
⣬ͻиö֮ϧȽԼӵͫʱ֪֮ʶݼݼˡ
㰡磬ȥһ꣡
ǳԵúܿĵʱ򣬺ȻһӰſ˽һ߻һߵ˵š
졣
˵ĳ֣һɲǼ˴ûݼݼЩɻ֮⣬˷׷׳סˡ
ְְ֣֡
鳲һ˵컳Уűռ˵Եʣֱӱסĸ첲Դһ˫鶯Ĵ۾оǸֳһЩӨ
ְ֣ҡȥ꣡
缤վæȥ
˿̣顢ѡŮǼߣΨлеĳûȴѡ
硭
ϧȽҲס촽ּ
ݼݼȴûʲôоҲǰ˾죬ҲǽҪ֮ˣʶݼݼʱҲԵüΪɣԳ˼С

ĹȻǼѣһٷ˽һʱڼǿ̻ʵӣԽȥ˺üζȣһֱԵĸоӶŲȥˣ
ֱϣͬСèƵһ컳йţǶ˼չֵ쾡¡
ǹɵվΪĦż¶˼ΪܵЦݡ
ԷʱѾʶݼݼҲΪ⣬ӵͫȷ֮ľš
ڵ黹ûҲûʱȥ̵ֻóһ¼һЩΪͻ֪֮ʶټľУݼݼ֮ĳѧ˵Ѿˡ
ݼݼҲΪȻûİʦУѾΨһʦ̬ȷҲǸΪ˼֡
磬˵ôȻˣһ߸ˮһʵ
е飡
ǺһЦ¼ΪҪܹǰĻѪ±ؽ޷֮գ
ôãʲô£Ҫʲô𣿡һԼʵ
ǺǣҪŶˣڻ⹫Ǳ𣿡ҡҡͷתʵ
ŰŮ׷׵ͷ
Ӧýеú˳
ͷʲôȥһˣ磬ɩӻܷܷӽ
ˣ
ԥУھȥ
үˣ
ոߵſڣ񽣵
׸磬ش硭
ݼݼ۾һʱ񽣺ط˹ȥҲֻǳǵͷԶˡ
ʱԽľʸʸܷܷ˽˽
콫еڵϣ˵һȥ˺Ժ

ʲôүðһȥѪռ䣿
ԺУ񽣵ĴɤŶǲԸǼ
ҪЩʲôط˿һۣʵ
ʱãҪҸȷ˵
ҡҡͷԵֻֻп񽣺ͷ˵ʵнһ磬ɩӻܷܷǶֻʥԿܻЩΣգ
Ҳû취
ľЦһ£ǶľǻʸĴؾҲ֪ǲʲôһֱ޷ù˱ˮͽҲһ
ǰ磬ɲܹǣʸܷܷҲ˵
Ҳûйǵ˼
ڰ֣ʲôǸϹһȥѪռ䣬Щһ˰ǰ׵һ㣬˷ȥһļƻǣˣչңҲұ֤
ԣǱҪǺãһȥˣûлͷ·ˣ˵
ʲô
һƲ죬ȥ
Ҳȥطԥ֮
Ҳȥ
ܿ죬ľҲ׷˵
˵ˣȲһʱ䣬ȥͼг
ڰֵڷӺͿ񽣣ǡ
Ķʲô
طԳЦЦͿӺ橣ܷܷǰɣ
Ǿû⣡ľɵĵ
磬ºҪ⹫飡һߣôɣɫ
⡭ðɣ
Ȼ춼ô˵ˣľҲûٶ˵ʲô
ҹĻ٣ұԻطϢ
һҲܵޱߵ޸
飬ŮַԱ߻ͨĳƿţ˷ܼһ㣬ûͣ
ڶֱ˯ʱ֣Ƿűˡ𴲴·־þδɢϢȴüŮһ죬·뵽ҹַǵһһ졣
ְ֣þأ
߳źһĻУ˵

ûӦֻСֱһ£Ū죬ڸֿЦ
ܹ
Ҳ֪˭ôҪķţһҹߴɿ¶ֹɣ
ְ֣ôˣ
ͷʵ
û£û£
켱æҡҡͷЦȥְһ͹ȥŶˣȥְ㷹
֪
ԹԵĴ컳ȥܿܿˡ
ʱŻعͷȥŽεɵͷһȡ
ڲЩʱ쵹Ҳܿ콫ͷаѹȥ漴ŮϴһһǰԺС
ֻǶľطǼȫˣԺڵϣѾ˰ڷȥҲ³


1787 ǵļټ̣
û꣬мӰٵ˽
Ϊ׵ĺȻ𣬶ľʸλŵ۷ļλϣүүԨҲȻС
̫үү
׷ʺãöö̫үүûܽг
ôˣ
Ͻ¿ӣЦõʵ
Сӻˣܲ𣿡
ûĵ˵ģС̫ϳϵݣҪǸ߳ܶడ
ٺ١˵Цˣ
ڨڨһЦǳԵòˣüŮźǳȥϧȽݼݼҲһ뿪ˡ
ܿ죬ԺоֻʣǼλ
㵽ȥѪռʲô
⹫ľʵ
Īǣ뵱㴫ź˵ʮйأȴ۾һʵ
ʮޡ
Ƿ׷׺ɲѣȻѾһЩ˽⣬ֻľȴǲȻǽһһͷˮ
磬ʲôʮޣʸֱܷܷʵ
ŵ
һӣʮֽ˳ÿһ涼һ·ڳǿĸǲ⡣
ûĵүʲôֱ˵ɣˣ
Ƕ浽ʲô˼ĪЩħƣطҲüʵ
ֻǣλͳҲ˲֮ɫ
ٿ
΢΢һЦٴλӳֽ
ÿһģԽŷʮˡ
ÿֽϵߵ·һ
һݣ׷ͬ·漴ʵôʮһȥѪռʲôϵĪҵڣ
̫࣬϶
üܿ콫Ѫƶķֽ˳
ͬʱķ
˿֮ԺеǶ׷װһЩ
˵֮ǰҴ˵Щʮ֮˾ˣ
ۣоâ˸ϹʱڣںƵǿΧУѪ¾Ȼܹݷ񣬻йأ˵Ѫƶ֮һռ䣬˵Ѫڣ
ԣҪѩƣǾͱҪһ㣡˵
ĶԻľʸЩ
ܹŪܣǼ۷嶼żİпǼȥΪĴڡ
֮⣬ܹѪ£Ϲʱǰ޷ɵ񣬶˵ҲһĪҫ
ˣҲգǾһȥɣ
ľһһԽȥˣ᲻̫һ㣿һҪ𲻱Ҫ鷳ǡ
⹫ģ
΢΢һЦ漴ҲЩλѾͷӺĪүү¶£ˣ˵ݲ̫ѣֻҪСһЩбֵ⣡ǡ
ˣȴֺĶ˶٣һ㣬Ϊǵ¼һЩ
ˣʸүү⹫
ŤͷʸľȥʵǻʸͶľĴؾô£Ϊʲô˴ܽȥܹӺͿһ򣬲ǰȫԲŻһЩ
ǣȥ˭
ľûĵ
ʸȴۺ룬Цǵȷ֪йأ
û뵽𣿡ЦЦڵ
ң
΢΢һЦУ͵һͷ𣬡ɣѵǺһҪʵܽȥ
ҵĴпռ䣬Ҳͻ֮ŵԽ롣
Ϊ񽣺طĹϵֱӺһ㡣
򡭡
Ļľǵʱȥ
Ȼ֮ǰԴǵʵ˼ȵɾвٵ·Ҫߡ
˵ôҪ봫ؾǶʱܹɹġ
˵ţĶһٵı˼¡
ôˣ
һʱע⵽ɫ仯𵱼ʵ
Ŷû£ȥһǶһҪҴϷص
ǰǿȥɣ
Ҷ֪ڵĴڣȻҲٶ˵ʲô

硭
ſ񽣣ط磬ľʸʸܷܷ˽ƿصռʱ򣬷һʱѣΪĿϣߡ
ȶԳڵܵ컳Уһš
ΪһμԵʣ˾΢ѡ
Ȼܹ֮ȴҲδʲôֿɰ˵Ϸ׷¶ΪϲЦݡ
ԷԼȥɣ绹Ҫȥأ׷Ц˵
Ǵ磬һɲ棿ҧָʵ
Уһȥ㣡
Ӧĺʹ죬Ϊʱ治ͬҲõĻ˷ʱ䡣
̫ÿǷ͵ŴŶСѾͷĲѡ
ŶˣҸطȥֳܼܲ
Ȼ䣬ӴָȡݣӹȥᣬСЦݵĵİɣһôʧŶ
˵ЦţСѾͷܻص뱳ϣ˰ֺ󣬱ǳҩԵķٵ˹ȥ
磬СŮɣ
÷Զִǳǰȥʱ򣬻ʸܷܷʵ
ţϹޣĳ䣡
ͷ漴УһСã⣬ұҪһ䣬ǧҪֳκε⣬ȻҲȲǣ
˷׷׵ͷ˵ǣϾ治ͬ
΢ڵĲ˵ֺؽԳܡ
ܿ죬һ˱סԺ⣬ᵽַҷĲ㣬Ƕһܹɨгһ㡣
ȻˣǾͽɣ
ڵ𣬱ڵԺҲԶ˿
̺а
ǺһЦ˻롣
Ⱥȱ裡
ЦЦƮƮķɵǰ
־ֶΣȻҶóʱֻ£ȴһԵĸо·ǰʱпܷһ㡭
лл
֮˷׷׵лŶ豭һڣʱֲȾɵ¶˼Ϊܵݡ
ݲԽԽ˰
ǺЦʲộҴһʲôҪԸ𣿡
ң
ȴҡҡͷȻҽǹǵȴң
Ŷǻ˭
ΧѲɣܹԸ𣿡


1788 
Ļķбһǰһ߳Ӱ
һɫȹǻơ
һȴǴһϮȹɫΪ䣬ż֮С
ƣþò
ǺһЦ̣˵ĸòǻưɣ
˭
ƲƲ죬һʱûĪǾͲʶˣ
үү
ʱ򣬿񽣺䣬תͷȥȴǷֳ˿֮طĿⶼǰȹŮϣƺԵüΪ죬еĽ֮⡣
ô£ôˣʵ
ˣ˵˵ɣ
ûȿǻش𣬻ȴǰ档

챻Ūһͷˮ
ȴǵļӦϳ
ָǻǰȹŮӡ

㶣ǰȹŮȥкǲ⡣
£
Ƽڵ֮ǰһ֣Ϊ£
Ŷԭǡ
ȵͷ漴ȴ͵۾΢˵ߵʹߣǸѪµʹ֮һʹߣ
𾪡
Ȼ֮ǰѪռУѾ֪Щȴûʹߵ档
ˣ¸ղŵһۼʱѾϳˡ

ɨһ죬ֿ˿ЩеĿ񽣵ˣɵüͷһ壬ô죿Ī㻹뵱ҵ棬ɱҵ˲ɣ
ڲ££죬ҪǸҶһëұ֤ҺѶû

˻⻰ʱЦá
ˣһе¶ҪȥԼİɣ˵ãŪˣȻʰ
ʱڻҡҷǲκŮ֫ʵĳȥֻڼѾʧǵ֮С
үǡ
ԥſڡ
ˣǶȥ߰ɣҪߵ̫Զڰ֣
֪ˣ
Ļ̳ȥתۼԺоֻʣ죬Լʹߣƿеˡ
ˣƣֻʣˣʲôֱ˵ɣϣһš
ҲûʲôڽǺ˵һ˵µ飡
棬ǸǹԹԵվԣɫʮ䣬˵Ĳһ
Ŷ
üëȴδ˵
֮ǰˣұ֤ԺٶԸǣΣ˵
л棬Ȼûʲô⣡
ʼ磬ԥĴӦܿȴתԵܵøһɰɣҲûȥǽ
ɣ
һ岢࣬㹻˰ɣ
ʲô
˻⻰һæ̧׳ȥþȥ̽һ£ȴ޷֡
治и䡯֣Ĵ˷۲У鶼û仯һ¡
𣿡
ûĵıǣټҸµķӡ˵ˣԶ֣Ҳ֣ᷢ
ǡ
ĸ֣ɫ˲΢䡣
ǣҲһϹޡݴ˵רޣӵżΪǿľڻûųԽһеı죬ȴΪϡ٣ϹʱڼҲָ˵㣬ܹۼû˵ˡ
ôΪʹ֮һģüʵ
ҽҪ˵йˣ
ưڰ֣ҲѪѪƶйأѪƶҲйһЩ̽Ƿ֪ǵʮͨʲô֮
Ѫƶ㡭
üһۺʵ֮ǰһʱ䣬һֱǱѪռ䣬ҲȥѪƶ˿
ܿ죬΢üֺȴҲǽʮ޵ķ֣Լֲ²ⶼһ˵˳
㵹˽ͦٵģ
ףԵµòѪƶȷһռ䣬׼ȷ˵ѪƶӦֻ˵һǴռѪռͨѣ

쾪첻ѣ̾۾ϸš
Ǵռ䣬ʵϹʱھѾڣָϹ޲¾һ
ѪµʹʵǴǸռģ
֮ˣʵҲ࣡ձΪ׷ǣǵıΪǡ
Ѫϣ˵ɽµģҲ֪ʲôֶΣȻԦʹǵڵǲķԸǱܾĥ
˵Ҳüͷ塣
ʹȻ࣬ͬ塭
֮⣬ֻʣ²ʹߣҲˣ
ü˼ƺҲҪҷŹˣ

ƵͷʵͬһǱӦýǣǱãΪĸĲͬͬѣǶһͬĻû
ɣʹߣҲ˵ǵ涼ûҴ֮ǰƺѪɽºģʲô취Ц
ʮôƺʵ
ʲôô
ʮֲ⣬ֵû´ĻκȻѪռſǼȥǱߣԿܲѰҳʮ޵ܰɣ
ΣŶˣղ˵ˣѪƶϵռͨôʮ޾ӦͨһԿף԰ɣ˵

ףʵҿԸһռİ취ô
ҡ
ü˼ţ˵ʵڵģҲ֪룬ҪϵɽºǸռĹҪѪ»ǲܵ飡
Ҹղ˵ǸռϹʱھѾڣÿһεѪҲ֪˺ַԦʹͿޣҪϵ֣ͱҪȥУ
ƻԵºãҪбزٵ
˵ףиǰᣬұҪõʹߣҲǵͬ԰ɣʵ

ƵͷѾˣȥѪռԺ󣬿Խｻǣ
˵䣬жһ
һĽ״壬ŵǹ⣬·һִڷƵǿƵĸо
õп˿ܿ콫
˶ٺʵôʮô£˵ƺôǽȥˣ

֮󣬻ƺԥҡͷǲҪȥһһͬǸռ䣡

һȴصЦЦģҲẦģǶ˴жŲɻȱãңҪȡ֮ǸռƿУǼҲǱزٵģ


1789 շ
պѪռС
ſ˾ֱصסԺСѪӥȴҲһͬˣȴˡȥԼׯ԰ȥˡ
ΪǴ˷ҵĽѪ粣ô޹ȴҲҪһЩֲŶԣˣҲһѵĽڡ
磬˰
ѪʱӭߵѪԪȻ˵ıȴͬļϲá
ţ
ͷҸǽһ£յˣϾǸؿأҲҪֵ
ҽף
ҽ֣
ҽˮ
ãǽɺûܷ
ҽһ£ȻõȫǼ
ǺãҽѪ
ѪЦŵѪԪǲҪ⣬ѪԪ˵ⵡλģԺǶ£չˣ
յʮֵĺг
ڿ˵ѪɫݱʶѪӥѾķԸ׼ˡ
ȻѾҪ˶ѪֵʱҲ̫ⷽ档
ѪѪԪȥ׼һЩƲ˰ɣǻӭֵܽˣ˵
õģ磡
Ҳûж˵ʲôǾֱ뿪ˡ
֮һӾƲ˾׼˵ģһҲǳԵĲֺ
첻ɫĵ˵ָʱһϢĽԺȫ֡
ѪѪԪû˿ǻںͿ񽣵˵ЦţӱϿϵʮֵ׽κβʶİ
ѪѪԪ
豭һڣе
磬ʲôԸʱӦ
ҼǵҺ˵һѡǻﻹȥΪ˰ɣʵ
ǣǵģ
˶һۣƺһЩ
ôǵѡʲôأֵ
ǡ
Ѫһ£ԸΪˣ磬ʲôֱ˵ɣֵѾ׷㣬Σ
ģ
ۣ²豭󻺻վ
ٶȺϵȴǷӿֱһ˲䣬һǿƽѪѪԪ
ɣ˵ĻشĻôյĴ˿̣ǵˡ
֪ͨˣʲôˣֵܶǾԵ׷棬ѪΪУҲһüͷѪæ˵
ڸʶ֮ʱͻʱѪĿȫϡ
ȻҲ˿̵ѹѲ˹ϵֺγѪѪԪ˵Ļأ
ϣǲƭңȻΣӦú
컺˵ţǷڿֲȴ˲ʧѪѪԪһ㣬ڴڵĴŴ
ղĻȷ˵ˣҾҪѪΪУҵĿľΪѪ£쵭Ե
ৡ
⻰̧ͷ˲˫ۡ
ôˣǺˣǣԵ
ˣҲǺڣ
ѪҡҡͷЦ磬ƾЩˣܹ˵ˣҡ
ûѪ˵ִ꣬ϵЩǲȥܣֻҪúõİҵĻȥˣ˽֮ұ֤һȫµ
ǣ磡˹Ӧŵ
ҾͲ˵ˣĶ֣Ҳ˵˵ģô
ף
˺ԥĵͷ
ˣȥɣ
ǣ
ܿ죬ѪѪԪİ¹뿪ˡ
ľôǣط߹ʵ˵ֱɱˣ
ǻԣ
뿪ıӰ΢΢һЦ˵ˣǻǰҿвԣҲңֱɱ˱ǣɱ뱻ɱҲһʮƽ飡
ˣһ䣬ƽðʵŪڵԪڻԪǰڣ̫ע⡣
ɫУǶֱҪСģһй¶ݵΣգǾҪʱڼƻʵʩ֮ǰ¶
İɣǶСˣô᲻طЦҲ׷Ȼĵͷʾס
ʱҲˣȸϢɣסҲиչˣһ磬ٴȥҪĹؿԺǾǵˣ
ЦǺǵ˵
ˣһ㣬ڴҪأ¶һϢ򣬱ضᱻɽ˷֣
һ䣬˳ȥ
ҲǶһۣܿĸѡ÷˯ˡ

ڶһ磬ڳԹ緹֮Դſȥؿ˿ֽطͿ񽣷ֳһ飬ľʸԼʸֳܷܷһ飬ټ֮ǰѪѪԪˣ
ڼƻʵʩ֮ǰҪڴҲǿ֮ĵһҲܹõظݡ
Ѫ𣿡
˻صԺ󲻾ãѪۺѪ֮ż£Բûгƺ١
ڣ𣿡ʵ
Ѫӥ룬㾡ȥѪҲûţ˵һ󣬱˿첽뿪ˣӦҪ졣
ߣȥȥͻأ
üѪӥʱһԹÿЩԾ
Σȥ϶Ҫȥġ
ܿ죬ȥѪӥׯ԰УҲǻڵȺŵģͬʱɫ԰ףȻƲѪӥ
ҪģȴǺѪӥλϣôһŮŮӡ
Ѫ񣬻
Ѫӥֵͬʱ¶ۼĳ켷˼ۣʾݲ򵥡
ǣˣ
Ѫӥ˼ѪС㡣
Ѫ񣿳ĵǺܲ
´һ죬ЩĵʲôҼСлҪѪӥϽȥɣСȾˣ
⡭ʻСǡʵ
ôҼС˭֪
һۣѪҿǻĲͷ˰ɣ
ǧ⣬Ѫһ쵽ֻ֪רŵҪôܶԪڣѪӥæ͵
ԣԣˡҼʶǳһƽϣҲ֡
ˣú˼ƽϣ
ƲƲ죬ǻȥҼС㣿ҸǣҪСȾˣǾҲѴУҼСò״Ӧһ棬ùؾصģҪȻҰǵƤ
ǣǣѵǣߣѪӥЦ
ߣ߰ɣ
һ£ųȥ
ǷѪӥں棬Ѫռĳطȥһ·Ҳ˲Ѫµˣ඼ܹĳһһĽţǻǰˣ°𣬾Ͳûֱ۾졭
ʮӣܿһʮĵׯ԰ſڡ
лǰ·ԵʣǼδκʮڵһƣһĵЦݡ
Ҳ쿴ò΢ڼǻ˵С㣬ȴҲ˼ֵľ衣


1790 ʹߣ֮
ϻصȣִ˼ɫʻŵĻ԰Ӻׯ԰ĺԺС
һǳɫȹһЩ˸ǰװŮӣԺУİ͹£һֽðʣ׽һ㡣
С㣬ѪӥѪˣʾվԭأȴߵŮǰ˵
˵֮ʱӯӯ񣬲ȴЩԾûиоСж๧
ǾЩ֡
ȴҲδʣѪһͬʵվҲδ
Ŷ֪ˣ
Сתͷ΢촽ĵȥݲɣ
ǣС㣡
ͷȥ
˿̣Ѫӥȴؾ㡭㲻ǡ
Ѫӥ𣿡СЦЦȻˣǾ˵ɣѪһɣ
⡭ǣ
ѪӥܿߵǰСЦӯӯĿѪӥҺ֣
ǲǴ˰ɣ
ѪӥЦǰμңǹ⻯װŮ
ѪӥĻЩȻ
֮ǰΣѪӥ˵ûʹߣֻǼŮ
ǸŮӦǲʹװˡ

ʹߵͷҵ԰ŵģ֮⣬ֻպ£Լ߱Ƚ׽Ů֪ҵĿ
ǲ֪ٻºѪʲôҪԸ飿Ѫӥʵ
˵أ
ʹߵıȻҲΪôȥ׽õѪأңʧˣ
ҡ
Ѫӥ죬ЦԲôʧˣʧˣҡҲס
㡭
ʹߵ˫ѪâһҪ˵ʲô֮ʣǻŲ˳ĸʹߵһѪӥȴδ֣˵ݸͱȲŮ
ˣȥ
ʹ߰ڰ֣ǻӦһ뿪Ժӡ
۾ǻϣ֡
͸ղһȻƶԲʹʮأȴûиоһ𾴣֮Ĺϵ첻ɵ˳˼
ѪӥѪӥ̫ʧˣ
û뿪󣬲ʹ߳Ѫӥ˵ҷĵ˳ȥ㾹Ȼ˵ʧˣ˵˵Ҹδźã
Ϣŭ
Ѫӥվȴڸоܹ֮󣬵Եʹδ̫ǿ˰ɣѪܹѳѪ£ǾζǿʵѪӥûгɹҲϣ
Ŷ
Ļʹüëһ˵Ӧù˭أ
˿Ȼͻˣ
쵭ȻһЦһͬʱӻǱߵõĽ״̸ֶǲʹ߶ʱ䣬ӹ˲䣬̵ɴ˫ۣȥ
ĿǾ𺳣ͬʱ˿˿š
㣬ǴӺζ죬ʹ߿ʵ
ء
΢΢һЦȴں³ǣ
㣬㡭㵽ʲôˣ
أʹվӵ˶ûȥܡ
˺˵ⶫ㿴ͻһУҺˣܵʹɢɱ첻Գĵ
ҡ㡭
ʹ죬ȴʲô˵
Ѫӥһͷˮ㲻Ͳʹ֮䵽ô£ʲô
ðɣҾǣ
һۣʹǵҲѪɣǡа죿
ৡ
⻰Ѫӥɫ䣬ԥվ࣬Ķǣʱȫ֣ɱ֮⡣
ǺǣѪӥû£
ȴЦˣİɣܹһڵҵݣʶǿ壬Ͳǵˣ˵ǣ
ǣѪӥˣȴǾЩİ
Ȼȴɫٴһ䣬û뵽㾹Ȼ֪ȷҵˣ㡭ʲôˣ
ո˵ȴ͵ŤͷǽǴȥƲûκ˵ĴڣһжԵô
ܣһ
ѪӥЩ΢֮ʱȴ˲ԭʧ漴жȻһƺ𣬽Ӱչǰ
֮⣬һӰȻǱ뿪⴦ԺӵŮ
ˣĻҽ̸ģãס𣿡Żǵ˫ޱĺâ
С㣬ҡ
һίӣû˵꣬ǱǴϵ˵ɣղ͵ʲô
ûУû͵
ٵҡԴֻǺѣС㣬Ҳû͵أ
Ǻǣҵɵˣ
Цһ£ʵøô죿
ˣɣ
ҵˣ
һЦӦ˵Ǽҵ˲Ŷԣ
ӣ
뵽ղԼθоɵóȥ
ʱĻȴѾû֮ǰչְֳǶڵϣԵüΪϧڳˣûһκ˼
Ѫӥ˵أû죬ֳѪӥʵ

ѪӥǳĬһ³һɱ
ҪС㣬㣬ŹҡŹҰ
ˣ׵ĻˣץסǵȹӲģ
Ź㣿Ǻǡ
ǹճһΪĻߣ漴ȴ͵Ϲâһǻȫû˿ֿһգۼʧȥȻˣĿ۾޹Ĵġ
ôˡ
쿴ִһտɫĹâڻϣʬۿɼٶʧţƻ㷱ǲƮɢճ׻ޡ
ǣȻ֪ҵݣҲӦ֪ʲôİɣʵ
֪Σ֪ΣѲɣΪܹɹ𣿡Ƿʵ
ֻ֪־¾ɣ
쵭ػصѾȫˣѵȥ
ģҽ㲻Ѿ
Ǽѡ
˵ʵڵģ֮ԼǿԾɶô䵭ɾΪΪʹ
û˵꣬óһҴģ㿴˾֪ˣ
ûж˵̽˹ȥ
Ӻ»ָ˸ղʼ֮ʱЦݣҪӵࡣ
٣лл㣡Ҫʲôֻ˵Ǿ޶ǴʱΪϡ
Ȳ
ȻȴǰڰֵǸǼģ㽫ɱˣ᲻鷳
鷳һ㣬Ҳûʲô
ЦŵȻ֪ҵıǣôɱһҲ㲻ʲôҾװ֪ݱǣ
û¾ͺã
ף˶˵ʲô֮ʣȴǺȻ俴ѪӥΪȵӣɵЦѪӥôˣ
٣Ϲǣ
ѪӥŻعǽѿڶгޱȵ𺳡


1791 ޿ռ
Сӡ
Ѫӥ𾪵ӣûĵһۣһıҲ̫˰ɣ
Ǻǡ
ǵЦЦҲѹ˾ˣ٣ǽ˵Σ
ã룡
룡
ܿ죬˱ڣ쵹ԵüΪڣѪӥȴɫЩӺ͹죬˫۾ʱʱضӹƺ뿴Ǳǵʲôӡ
ǣղɱ˻Ĳʲô鷳º컹ǶЩĵʵ
ģԲᣡ
һĨâҵ˲ֹһȻҲȷЩʲôˣסԼ֮⣬ûܹεˣȻ
Ŷ
ǵĻüëһЦǲŵһμ棬ôң
㣬ҽ㣡
ǲӵҡҡͷֱ˵ҽ㣬ʲôа죬ɲ
ðɣ֪ˣ
Цӣ˵°ɣѪƶӦǽǸռͨ﷢ʮ޵Ĵڣѵʲô룬ӦñҸɣ

ͷ˵˵ռ䣬ʵϹʱڱ㱣޿ռ䣡棬޲ͷ嶼У
ȵȣղ˵޿ռ䣿治һ𣿡ü
ɽһĿռ䣬ȫƿصģǱΪ޿ռ䡣
ô
һֱѪռУȻ֪ЩȴʮƽĵУҲǼٵĶѣ޿ռֻһҲҵļңĪΪҵļҶ֪𣿡

ʱ֪ͣνӿڡ
У˵п޿ռѪϿƵˣҾͲˣ㵽ЩʲôЩȵӣǼ
Ҳ֪
ʼ磬ܳʵԵֻҪѪ£ͬ룬ɽµúַ޿ռ䣬ֻҪ䳹ôһͶԽİ취
ɽ£Ѫϵ𣿡
ʵͷܿߵΪôɱȻҲ֪ʲôʵѾﵽأʵ㣬޿ռУžλϹʱڱһֱĴˡǶǸɽµĶ֣Ϊƾ𣿡
˻
쵹һ
˵ģǴϹʱܹڣ϶Ҳﵽ޵ĲΣôôܲɽµĶأ
ĪǣлǶ֪ڣ
˿ӣֵܹ޿ռ䳹װɽˣȻҪѪǸܵģô˵ɣȻûжǣɰ޿ռĻ飬ֻҪɽһ£ǾôԸҲʹɱ֣еҲϧ
ʲô
⻰춸Ȼɫ䡣
Աһֱû˵ѪӥҲ˫ۡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪ
ѵǾôԸΪŰ
ѿڶڸԵʡ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ǺЦ˼£Ҳ֪ΪʲôҾƫƫ֪죬㲻Ҫȥǵ޿ռҪҿȥֻԼһˣ
УԲУ
ûشѪӥ̵
Ҳܶ
Ѫӥ԰꣬ʵ
У
ǾܾĺֱӣӦǾûʲô˵ˣңȥˣҪӦң޿ռɽ£Ҿȥ
ôвң
ۣΪв𣿻˵ΪûİĽȥ
뿿ˣ
ƺ뷨ƲƲЦȫʵˣֻ֮ߵĲʥأ죬Ż㣬ʮ޺֮ĹϵܹȥҵĻ˵ǽɣ
ʲô˼ɫһʵܹⲢǿš
ûʲôǸ˼
ʼ磬Ҳ˵ˣǿˣ
¡
ɫΪأǣ㵽˵ʲô˼Ϊʲôǽɣ
˵𣿲˼㵱Ǻ˵İɣЦ
㡭
챻òУһǿҪ˵ĳ嶯ҧҧãҴӦһȥ⣬һȫǣ
ɲǿŶЦˣЦͦĵģ쿴ֱΪ
ԣԼԸģСǿȵģ
ҧصǴмƵģȴû˼˸ΪõЦݡ
С㣬ڿ˵˵ǵô˰ɣʵ
Ȼ
ף˵ʵҲܼ򵥣㷢ֵʮȻûҪ伤ͬʱͨ޿ռͨôͱҪĸ϶ӦԵ֮˺ľԪʥôضᵼͨңռ֮ɼΪǿĿֲɣʱֻʥ򣬾֮˶ضӲ֮һ֡
Ȼˣʲô취һ˽ȥüʵ
֪ǲδ˵Ȼı飬صĻûѡˡ
ܣ
ǵֻҪסӦҵĻˣһҪ뾡һа취޿ռɽµĿƣ
ðɣ˵ʲôʱԽȥͷʵ
׼׼֮ɣ
ǳˣʱȻҪѪƶΪ壡뾡Ǽ˵ʵţо仰ҿҪ˵ǰ棬ʱ򲻹ʲô㶼Ҫ֣ʮЩҲȥܡ
ã֪ˣͷӦ
С
΢һ£Ǽҿһôܹʮ֮ʹǸһҲҶĸл˰ɣ
У
ͷ֮ٹ
ţ߰ɣ
Ҳûٶ˵ʲôܿѪӥǿ첽뿪
Լȴ뿪һĽݣɫޱȸӡ
㣬ԺҪౣذ
ÿûлˣ
죬ģúľԪҲһὫ͵޿ռ֮У
ֻܹ޿ռ𣿡

ңңʵķǵ˫ЩΣȴǼᶨԼһĨµ˼
ˣȻô˵ˣôһǽĹؼ
³һߵԺУ۾ȴϣܹɹɣȻҵ¾İװ˷ˡ
˦˦ͷǺԥ˿ԺӴ˳ȥȥηҪȥЩʲôҲֻԼ


1792 ǰİ
ҹԺһֻҪǲʵˣȻܷĴڡ
ڽֵԺУȴŶʮӰڴˡ
ƣİˡ
ѪӥѪѪɣѪѪۣѪˡ
Ȼǿ񽣣ط磬ľʸʸܷܷˡ
վʮǰɫΪء
Ѫӥ˵˵ɣ
õʾ⣬Ѫӥͷ󣬱ǽհȥǲʹǵ飬ԼǵһжԻȫ˳ڳɫޱء
үҪðһȥɣǰһ˵
Ҳһ𣡡طҲ׷׳
Σֻһˣ
ҡҡͷҲصģ˵һˣˣһ
˵䣬˻ұۡ
ֻж˽˲֪ʲô˼
ұѩӡǣʲôطֻҪһѩƱְ̳æ
ټ֮ѩƵʵǿھ񽣺طͻƵ˸Ե򣬵ȥѩƵĻҲû̫Ļʤա
ԣʱĶ֮ƲѪӥЩ˵Ĳɻ󣬿ǵ΢˲١
ҹ⽫ټЩ밲һ£
һһҲڵڼ䣬ǲҪ໥ϵ԰ǰȥмǲҪ¶ҲõҵİȫһǱߵһ̻
ǣ
˷׷ӦŵֳȥɫҪľǣǲģȻѪӥİæӵиݣҲҪСģ
үͷİɣģ
ؿڣ˵طҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ڶҲ֪ҵʲôʱŻڼ䣬Ҫȥһ£ǾǾȥ£һЩ£㲻ܳշҲԵڻңԼ˵
Ҳٴεͷ
ҲҪһ㣡ǴӦңʮǼʵ磬ɩӺܷܷˣ
ˣ΢˶٣żţǵʣټʮ޵Ȼͻƣ˶ֱӴﵽҲδɣ
һͻ򣬱ضƽ٣Ǹ޷ܵģһоҪͻƵĻҪҸʱ뿪Ѫռ䣬𲻱Ҫ鷳Ѫӥΰȫȥ͹Ҫˣ룬㲻ʧɣ
˵棬ĿѪӥϣѪӥҲǹӦŵٷģһ׵
ܺã
ĵԴֵͻƳɹôȻȥء
ܣ㡭
˵ľ˱㵱ɫһ䣬û˵ʲôǰִϵ˵꣡
ҵ˼˵ǻȥڵĴпռ䣡ŻܹǾֳԵ򣡡
ﶼԼˣЩҲֱ˵ˣ
컷ˣļ񽣺ͷǵ򣬶͸ԼĴйأ񽣵ĳ򣬷ӵıӰˣңƶ˵
ˣֿЦŶ˶٣żɩӺܷܷǵǽܵ˫ӴУǵֳ֮ǺҲŪ϶ǻʸĴйأ
֪ˣľҲٶ˵ʸ橻лʸܷܷһͬͷӦ
ˣžЩˣ
ЦǺǵİ˰֣ǻʲôҪʵûеĻɢ˰ɣ
٣иˣ
Ѫ죬Ѫӥһ˵ȺܿĹ뿪ڿ񽣵ȴ
үȥʲӵ޿ռ䣬ĲʲôΣ𣿡ߵǰʵ
ΣʲôʱûУ
ЦǷıǣڵʵʲôΣգѵ㲻ȥ
Σ㶼ҪСģʸܷܷħŮҲǼΪĵĵ
ǺǡģԼģ
ͷһھ鶨õļƻʵʩһµʱ䣬Ҿڼϻ
ţ
˷׷ףֹʵȴʲô˵ƺó˼֡

ڶһ磬Թ緹ȴǿվŵѪһֹӣԼѪԪ֣кܶ໰ƫƫ޷˵ԥģɵЦһ¡
¿ӣЦŵôˣʲôֱ˵ɣѲǻȥʲô²ɣ
磬ǡ
Ѫ죬ЦУ֪ĶһĲѾˣҪ׷ģ
ѪԪȻ˵ȴڿٵĵԴϡ
Ǳ룡
˰֣һ˵ļЦŵ֮ǰѾ̯˵һЩν˲˲ɣȻỳǣ£ǵȷ岻֣ضΣգԣǾͰĵĴűǣ
磬ǲ
ѪæǰҵȷͻԴӸ㣬˺ܶѪȻʵ뻹Ǹˣʲô壡
֪ǲҲ֪ǵģ
ܹоѪ˷ȷģڶЩжͬʱȴǻԵɣǰȥһ£
ԸǾҲ֤һɣѪԥӦѪҲͷ
Ǻǣûôأ
ֻ֣ҪǰΣҲڵʱ䣬Ҫһڵӣκ˵Ļɣ
Уû⣡
ѪֱӦ£ѪԪҲԼؿڡ
ǺǡҾͷˣȳȥߣһȥؿǱ߼æɣ
˵ţȥѪѪԪʰ˲ϵҲ֮뿪ˡ
֪䣬һѾ߹˲ٵĵطһֱȵʱŻصԼԺ䡣
һ磬ȴٴνԼ˷ڡ
Ϣڴϣ֮ǰѪеõĹѪռ䲿ֵĵͼϢһߵ·߽зûʲôԵĵط
ҲԼŵ
ʱ䣬ÿ綼ˡ
й䣬ʵȴڶѪռһ̽ӶõĵͼϢӡ֤ΪѪռ䴴ø
ϵʱҲûŹ
϶ڿӡħơ
ӵŰ˵ħƵĶʮһװܿгͣǻߣڸԶ˲١
ҲרΪ׼ġ
ϣȥ֮ǰٴνټħװָǣѪѪԪУ˸ж˼㣬ĵ׷ģΪȥҲȻһüͷ
һУǿһ´ұҪĻȥŴſȥǱߡ
ϾҪʮ޵Կǽǿܲܲǰɣ
ȥ޿ռ䣬ȻҲ϶ֻһˡȻ㲻Ϊʲôǵֻһ˹ȥɼȻӦȻκεķ֮١


1793 ֮ǵķ
ǣǸòľȥѪƶɣ
ǽܸʶʵ
ΪʲôУֱӷʵ
⡭
һʱͣȴǼ˵㲻Щʱ䲻õΪǰ죬Լû˻뵽Ǹʱȥһȵϣȥܹ֤һ˳𣿡
ðɣӮˣ
ʼ磬ھȥ
ǵģ
ǵͷȴǺһת첻㶣ʲô
޹أ
ûĳ˦һۣ漴Ŀڿӹն˻ʸܷܷϡ
кȻһߵʸܷܷǰݵǰޱĵԵǳȥ֮󣬽ｻҽ㣡
ȥ
ʸָܷܷԼıӣʵﲻԼȥû죬Ǹռ䶼ȥǽ㣬ô㰡
Ŷˣ
ȻĵˣҾ͸оԼʲôˣԭ
˵䣬Ҳһ鴫ܷܷܣʲôطֻҪԪоͿԽ뵽ڵĿռ䣡ʱٲͬһͻƵĻҲȥǱʡܶʱ䣡
ðɣ֪ˣ
Ҳô˵ʸܷܷӦҲȻܿպˡ
ˣ߰ɣ
ǲٶԣһĨӵĹɫ֮󣬾ֱĺһͬѪƶķȥ
ΪǵݲͬѰټﶼиʵѪɫ壬һ·ҲûܵκʣڴŰʱ󣬾ѾѪƶڡ
ǰΣ쵥һ˹ͬ
ǲ֪ʲôӡǶڴҪѪҶ֤Ĺؿֱӹرգһ·϶Ϊ˳ֱѪƶĵ㣬Ҳʮͨڵʯ
ǾǵһھΪͬʱҲЩƮɵѪâеһļ֮Уǵӡ£ЩѪâûһܹΧķԲ֮ڣҲȻǴȥκ˺
˵Щ·ھŸ͵ʮͨЩɣŤͷʵ
ţס
ôص·ôϢܹҲǺܲˣֲý˵ܹǵΨһѡ˵ţҲ֮¶һĨЦݡ
Ҫʲô𣿡ʵ
ڻò㣡
ǰڰ֣漴Ŀ˿ϣ·ңʮޣ
˵䣬ǿٵӡһɹָϷұǼãһ·ܵʲôܿĸͨʯϷڰвϵϣɢֲͬɫĹâ
ɫɫɫɫֹâ໥ƣ·ܵĻһ㡣
ִɿֹâԼͬ·ĳϣʯȾޱȲöĿ
ƯŶ
ʸܷܷգѽգģǵطԵĻ¶޲óȥúõˡ
֮
ڴʱȴɫ԰ףйâ˸ĵ
£ɫ貵ĹâУɫâʱںߵ·ֱӷǵͨڴγһĻһצڲϷڣôҶܵһͬʵʵӡ
׻
Ϸȸ
䣬
ÿεһȣ㶼ǵɫӲ԰׼֣ǰ׻ȸԼҲվǳ˳ֱڵھŸԼʮͨУνǴ۽硣
֮֮
һһѪһȡ
ɫ֮ɫİ׻֮ɫȸ֮Լɫ֮ӿֶռ֮ӿУʯϷۣɲǼƻХӶǵɫ˲˲١
ޱߵѹǷĵģǸ޷ģ
ţӡһδ֮Ȼռ䣬ɫʹУȻһռͨչֳ
죬ȥֻܼһӣ
ǵĻȻ
ã
ͷһۿ˺˲εֱûǿռ֮ͨУɫâȾУǿռͨǻʧͷ·δֹһ㡣
ܣٴαЩҿѪâȡΨĸͨڣԾɻӰͬʵһơ
С㣬үȥ޿ռ𣿡ͷʵ
ôǲңһƺ˵С˲١
ûûУȻү㣬ǰҲȻ㣡ҡͷ
ȴٴһߣܿĵڸǸԼ崫ԵĲͬߵͬͨڴһ֮ʵ
ȿȡ
ȺǼܹ٣ҪԼˣ
УлʸܷܷǰɣסӦҵģǧˣȻǾҲԲŹ㣡
ǵΪ䣬һ仰ȴǽǶסˣʲôҲŹ
˿̣ѾֱߵĸͨڣҪ߻һǣȴֺһ㿴ĸĤֹû߳ȥĿܡ
⣬ô£
Ҿһ
İɣûµģҪǣαش
˵һȴ˫ۡ
˫ٴӡԭ԰׵ɫȴǸֳһĨ̬ĺΣȴһֻعⷵյĸо
һĻɫʱ䣬ʸܷܷеǽ㣬ͣ£㣬Ҫʲô
ҼȻӦ죬Ǿһģ
ǵĻһ䣬˫ӡԽ٣ɢ֮ɫ໥ӦĹâŵĴұоӿֵһǷ壬ֳӰҲǸ໥ںϡôҺܿ뵽һ״̬
ǽ㡭
ȻУǵȴԽģôҿĿѡ
ȻʶȻչָǵһ飬һĻĿˣʮֲ̣ƫƫֹͷҪܾ֮ѾǾܵˡ
ԡҡ֮
ʱƮƮٴ𣬽Ųֱͬ壬ÿʱһоʵĿȴٷĹעȻҲǡ
ŴŴš
˱۵ʱǵκƬһߺȻɢ˿·ǴõƬľһ㣬š
֮ԭˡ
죬һУһУ
ƮƮĻ･ɢҲ¶һĨЦݺ󳹵ɢһ˿궼û¡
޿ռ䣬ýʣ֮˿һηĻᣬԼĽȴǡɢ


1794 ʥѩɽ裬Ժ
ǵһУ첢֪
ڽռֻ֮ͨһͷĿѣԼ嶼ȫ޷ƿأʹһĻš
ָоȴ˲䣬ٴν̤ʵأǰһȴǱһƬİѩǷ׷ɵѩͿһ
ʲôط
סһϸϸ۲ȴüͷ΢΢
Ȼ֪Լ϶ǱϹʱڴ޿ռ䣬ȴҲͬף޿ռܴŪԼڵǺδ
ĵȴһָоϤƺһƫƫԺУȴûһ˿һļ䣡
ָоѾûˡ
ǵǰֵʱڼ̣ڣԼǸֹֻһΣȴȴͮꡣ
ؼǵãһʮֿɰѪ֮еŮ
ͮͮͮꡯ
˸֣ʮԺУ޷š
һУǰǰѩƵľ޴ѩɽоһĪϤ
֪䣬쾹Ѿѩɽİɽ
ȴǲ֪ΪΣܷ׷ɵѩʶƵģȻûпһ֮ڣûԪȴоһ˿һı䣬صθ벻ס
ʲô˵ôʥѩɽ
Ȼ䣬һŮȻһɫӰ֪Ӻδͬһֱӳǰ״
һʮŮӣ˫ȴ·Կһʱĸо첻ɵɫȻ˼֡
˼λǰ
칰˹֣Ǹ죬ǹｫģ
Ѿͷǡ
Ů΢΢üĵǴ汻ͽģһǱͽģףԣ
Ů˵ţȴƺȻʲôƵģǰ׵ľ˲伴޷Ӧ֮ʣѾǰһס
Ůض죬ղ˵ʲô죿
ǵģ죡
챻һＫΪĵͷӦ
죿
Ů϶µĴ죬еɺȻȴüΪӣһջطϵ񣬵ȻѾͷģû˵Ҫʲô
˵ҿ԰ѪռѪϵƿأľͲˣǻص
У
ŮӵͷƺûжľŤͷǰѩɽɽȥ
ˣҽ裡
ǣǰ
ǰһ̣
⡭
һʱͣȴͣסŲŤͷôһί㣿
ǵģҡ
֣ŵǾôˣ֪𣿡
ǣǣ谢̣ЦӦ
Ŷ
ͬСŮƵЦЦżǰȥ
ȴЩЦã֪ΪΣǰ谢ԾúϤҲܽôһżİŮ̵ġ
һ·УƺƵģʱʱŤͷۣҲֹ֪ʲô쿴Խ⣬㲻谢̵Ϊ
ˣʥѩɽ
뵽ղ֮ʱ˵Ļɵ΢΢üΪʲôʥѩɽҲôϤأ

ܿ죬Ĵ£ʥѩɽɽۡ
ְѩȴļ紺洦ɼɫʻľţȫ޷ȥݣоһ𺳡
￩
һһʮŵԺУԴһ㡣
Ժܴ˵һׯ԰
쾪ǣԺ洦ɼַޣߴߴĽиͣȻǵ˵ЩʲôȴԸоֿĵҲֳһĨЦݡ
ע⵽һ㣬Ҳ΢΢𣬿ȴ¶һĨŨŨ˼
һ
һУָߵΣ˵
Ŷã㶣Ҳûпֱ¡
ִ֮֮ʱչֵ쾡¡
ȴ뿪ˣһߡ
֮£еΣűһֻȸ˽˿µֱͣߵϣССţһУԵüΪǡ
Сһ
СĽȸУЦĵͲ𣿡
󡭡
ȸıȶų򣬿ɰ
Ǻǣɰ
ʳָḧȸë۰֮ɫɡ
ɾһ˲䣬һκʶ㱼䣬ȴǾúʲô
ˣӦһˣ
һŮˣ
һŮӣ
Ǹͮꣿ
ˣ
Ū˶ԵЩ㱲塣
ŵŵš
֪׹ȥãȻһŲӻлعеȸѾɵͷϣͷ󣬾ô·ͷһ㣬ŪЦá
ţѾʶ֮⣬ŵӰǰ
λ쿩ǿɣ΢΢һЦߵԼλͬ˵
֣࣬ͷȻŶ
ע⵽ԴϵɵһЦĳ
󡭡
СȸǷһºڷһȦȥ
죿
ʱ򣬱İһŮߵǰҲæ죬λǰ
֪޿ռ䣬ȻҲף谢ڵʮˣ϶ࡣ
صʵֵľΪеĸоѾ˼ֲ²⣬ǵıʮ֮˾ŻޣӦдھ۷Ĵڣ
㲻Ҫҿ
֮ΪǰһɢĹ⣬ȥ
һɲǣ첻ɵ΢궼͸Ƶģƫƫûһ㷴֮
ЩҪֵĻᶼûУ
ӺջĿ⣬Ҳָ
ʱһѪɫ۵ǰʵãô
û
ͷµɲǣѪɫڵİ˸ӶʱѣһɲǼǰΧһ˫˫ȵĿϣ켫ΪӦ
㲻⵽ô£
ˣǣŻ˼ˣ
˰ֵȻȥɣｻң
⡭
ǰȴЩԥ촽΢֪˵ЩʲôǸȥ֮ǰԾһ˿죬г˼֮⣬ȴǻ˵ĸӡ
죬ȴǱŪøԺˡ


1795 Ŵޣռ֮
Ժˡ
ǰλڣиղżҴҹȴֻʲôû˵İ˸ӣܹ˿Ŀⶼºͣ¸оɱصǸɫװˣҲûϸоκɱ·ЩɱŵһӰ졣
ҪģֶǷĵ׵Ϥһ㣬ƫƫļУȴûʥѩɽûǼˡ
ôú֣
ߵߣؽϣǸŮĶ档
ǵģͷӦ
㲢ʶҰɣҽһҽоŷ
΢΢һЦѾ²⣡ҺҵŮ趼࣬ҵıǾβѾ֮ãҲˣ

һȴǶȻɫһݡ
˵ŷ˵Ĳ࣬;βסǡꡯ⼸ֱּš
˵ŷˣҲꣿôܣ
Ŀ⣬ʮּѵڶĸŮӹ
֪ǵĹϵ¸˻Ϊǽء
С죬ʲô鰡СİҴŶ
һۣСȭͷ
ȻԳự˿̵ıȴСŮûʲô
裬֣
ŷü΢ֹ裬ЦʲôʾֱʰɣЩ֪ģ
ǡҾͲˣ
һ£ǰʶ𣿡
ʶȴҲ˵ʶŷͬ΢Ц

ЩͣⲻԵǰìܣҿŷӣȴֲѡ
ºǵĻлƣ˵ҿ԰޿ռѪɽµĿƣ컺˵
˵Ļƣǽ¹ŷȴʵ
ǣ
ԭˡ
ŷף죬ҽһɣ
ǰ㣡ЦӦ
ô֪Ҫβܰ޿ռ䣿
ֻ֪ǽҹû˵Ҹôȥ
Ǻǡȸһ°ɣ
ŷЦЦɻǵøղǰˣ
ǵã
ͷԺжʱֳ˸ղǰ˸˵Ӱ
ŷҵĽ֣ҲȻ࣡
ǽǸ˼򵥵Ľһ飬ýɫ𺳲ѡ
ɣŷڵľŴޣȥһ¶еκһ߼壬ڵҲ⡣
ȻԾޣʵѾԽķ롣
ղо˲ȴǿɱĻɫװӣȴǾŷĽݶ磬ΪĿΪĿʨ
ǰȻͰλǰʵ˸߳ΪβɴԳ֣ɽ޿ռĿƣǲʵ
Ҳû취
ŷЦһ£֪ȻʵȴҲܵһƣɽƿصģǵƣ
ŶȻƣüëһȤ
Ȼܵƣɽȴҹ֣һļŭǣ˺ͬھ
ŷһĨâԣԴʮǰһɽֻܶʥѩɽ֣Ƚһ
ˣҪЩʲôأʵ
Ρ
ԵĻҪҵһ֣Ǿ˵İͿԳΪ޿ռ֮ɽȡ֮ŷ˵
иⲻ֪òʣĵ
Ǻǣʱǣ
ŷЦЦǳŵǰϹʱڣѪ²㱻Ƿǽ޿ռŵԹӲдҸȼΪĸ󻼣
ǵģ
ŷ¶Ц֮ɫͷȻѾȥˣĿѪ±㱻𣬵ǸʱѪ֮ȴȻõƿĿռ֮ףӶдѪ֮ǵ
ռ֮ףǰҪȥҵǸʵ

ŷףֻҪõ˿ռ֮ףҳɹԶϵѪµĺ·棬ֻҪŬһ㣬ǳҲȻʲô£
ΪʲôѪܹ֮õռ֮أѵǰǵʵܹõ𣿡Ϊˡ
⡭
ⷬʻŷʱЩɣϸһĨ롭֡
û֣
Ȼֻһţȴץסˡ
ɾŷȴֻҡҡͷδ˵״ҲȻöʡ
ߺߣ֡
ڱϲĿڣû˵ʲôŷȴǽǲĶ˶ţģҳȥˣߺߣ
£˳ȥʱ㴫ЦԼȸУ첻΢΢һЦ谢̣ζκι֮ĵġ
ûĻһֻ⣬ĶѾȡ˰ɣ
ŷȻʵ˷ȴɫ˲䡣
ýţҶ㲢޶⣡
ľ֮⣬ŷӯӯһЦϹʱڵһ񽣣Ī֮ܣõҲһ컯Ҫȡǿռ֮ףҲҪǲУ
Ŷ
оâ˸ҪЩʲô
ʲôҪӵеİ˿ͷųԻȥռ֮ڵĵطŷ˵
ô򵥣
һŷȴǺǺһЦֻǿʼѣǿռ֮ڵĵطض췢Ҷ֪ʲôΨһܹȷľҪȡռ֮ףҪһ飡
飿
һ

ŷͷռ֮׾ԣ˲ܻûˣԼ˵˻֮⣬˵Ѿûʲôˣ
ʲôʱȥʵ
㣡
ŷЦҵǽȶգ
ǰˡðٶһ䣬λǰʵôǿѵûԹռ֮˶٣ʵ
Ǻǡ޿ռеޣȻʵǿܵԽԽСԿռ֮ףǸûʲô֮ʥѩɽڣǶҪΪѪµ߹ˣ
ĻŷﲻһЦܹģֻǱһʹΧһȫıϣ
ƴûа취
ˣŷԵüΪΡϾ˭ĵһɽ±ƼˣΪ޿ռеޣŴҲĲһ
һ⣡
ĬĬͷҲΪŷǵ踺ظϵ壬ڳƬ̺ʵΪʲôһǰԼ谢̶úϤ


1796 ޶Իؾ
⣬ŷûлش˵һ󣬱찲һԺסھŷԼȴǺܿһߡ
ʵղžŷ˵ҲЩ졣
ΪֻʥѩɽѪɽ²ĵط׼ȷ˵ʥѩɽڵľżɽ
żɽķΧܹ㣬ŴﶼиԵĵ̣ŷľʥѩɽһ
ʱΪĵ˴޶δ뿪ʥѩɽһߵԺС
ŷʱ򣬱洫һ֮ģҪĽݶ磬ΪĿʨĳĿˡ
֨ѽ
ŷֱ˿Ժ˽ȥûĵλֳôµģЩСǿ磬ôˣɱͲһЩ𣿡
ãˣ
˴޵ĿˢˢھŷϣһɫӼæã˵˵СǸ˵Ķ𣿡
ѵм𣬰˸磿
ŷЦЦǾŴеڰˣΪĿġ
ôܣ
üͷȻǵȷǱ뵽סҲû˵׻ʲôˣܹΪǸװѿռ֮׵
˭֪أȻĶӣǾͼпܣ
ŷʼ磬ˣҲȡռ֮׵ˣ
Ȼ˵˭ռ֮ѪµģߣҿûģĿŭߵ
ӱɻ棬ȻܿɢԾΧ¶˲١
磬˵
ŷﵱü΢ĳǵĴ磬ΪѪѪҲǵڣ϶Ҫ˵볹װѿռ֮׵ҪģʼȷֻҪͷԽ˵ˣǵʱ򣬲һжѾ˵˵𣿡
УҲ˵ˣ
Ŀ浹ǲٶԡ
֮Уŷ磬Ϊ۽ĽԪʵãȻĶˣҪʲô𣿡
ʲôǺܹܿˣŷЦŵ
УǾģ
Ԫʼ磬ʱ䣬ǾҪǵĵطֱӿڣѪǱߣǵҲʱ򳹵׽ˣ
ҵֶŮ
Ϊۺܣ̾

һʱ䣬۵Ļ޾һΣŷЦѵİҡҡͷôܹǿأ

תۼ䣬Ѿʱ䡣
ڼ䣬߱ʥѩɽ˸ָޣв˵ˣûģΪб˰һֱߵԵʣЩǶҲԵüΪ׽ûзκβ顣
֮⣬ֻΪСȸˡ
һֱ죬˯ʱ඼ķУԵüΪǣüζʮֳԴ׵ĺݺԹ˼䡭
ǰˣ
һ磬Թ緹֮󣬱þŷƿԺţЦݵ˽

ǰžŷĸ첲ҲǴͷϷɵ˾ŷļǵ๲˲ŷ
ʥѩɽΣŷЦʵ
ǳãҶе㲻뿪ˣǺһЦӦ
Ժпˣӭʱס
ŷӯӯЦڻӦȥȡռ֮ˣϾ϶кܶ໹Ҫ棡
ԣԣ
ڨڨһЦ漴ھȥ
ȥĶŷ̧̧ۣЦɡ

ʱ͡

󡭡
඼ЦˣЦá
ʲôʱа쾹ȻһֻȡЦҪǱ˼ˣЦ
ˣЦˣ
ŷ˵ֻܹһ㣬ռ֮ؾУؾǹ̶޴ڵȴ޴ڣԣֻҪҵؾҳɹУԼռ֮ˣ

һ㶣ʵ˵ģȥѰңҲ𣿡
ȻԣΪҲҵؾΨһȻɽ֮⣡ŷӦ
ˣ
ĵǿռ֮ײӦǱɽƿصˣôܹ޿ռ䵱ԼҺ԰һأ
ɽ£
ĻŷﵱԵǽѪǰļˣԷӲֿռ֮׵öѣܹȫƿأǼ޷˵ˣ
ҵؾ˿ռ֮׵Ĵڣָôأʵ
Ҳ֪ˣ֮ǰ˵ܿһģҪôֻпԼˣŷ˵
ðɣ֪ˣ
εЦ£ھȥؾɣ
ã
ŷͷǹĵԵԼСģ
ģ谢̣
΢΢һЦ漴һУð˵ͬɫĹâӶѤĲʹʮֶĿƸΧһɫƵģжˡ
ţѾֵİ˿ʱ
Ǹ飬ľ飬ˮ飬飬飬Լ飬ʱռ˿ţƵΧ
ܿģǰ˿˰֮ϣھŷǵĿע£ֹâ˲佫ȫ֣һռ֮ӿУ˲ʧŷﶼûвȥ˺δ˵ˡ
ৡ
ʧɲǣѪ˲伴
һЦȴδԣңңԶһ˫˫۾ж˼޷ڴ
죬ֻǰһܻͻأ䣬·һռƵģɵɫ΢䣬ֲֿѹüͷ塭
ƫƫѹûһ˿һĲӦ޴ڵ֮ȴôϤ
أؾˣ
쿴˿ΧȻûһ컨Ĵڣ֮ԼܵѹȴҲ϶Լ뷨
ˣ
һϢĴܣǰ˵п飬׻ʲô
·Ϊ˻Ӧɻµһ˲䣬ܵѹȫȻʧ֮ҲǺȻһж˲ȫԼĺһ
ţ컹ûʲôӦ֮ǰȻͷϿչâ״ʢ۶ֻգۼĹ򣬱ʱһһֻӰʵһĲϷо˽֮ղŸӺ˵ѹȻֵǣѹ첻κӰ졭
ô£
˼⣬̧Ͽգʵʰʮֲ⣬ĪǾŷǰ˵Ŀ飿ΪʲôʼվЩԾأ


1797 ˣ׽
޿ռʱѪƶʯУ֮Ѿֱע뵽˿񽣣ط磬ľԼʸ橺ͻʸܷܷڣڼ֮󣬱౯ˣֱӽ뵽һ붨״̬һи֪
״̬ȴܿĽˣ·֮ʶһ㣬֪Ѫƶвʵ˵ͻƵõط
Ǻܿľ͸˫ۡ
֮Ϸȸ֮֮Լ׻ֱ֮𴢴ڿǸԵĴУܹʱգֻôһط
Ѫƶܿ뿪ûκ˵ע⡣
ֱصǰŵԺУһ
ǡľôȥˣ
ʸ橵ˮʮֵʡ
뿪Ѫƶ֮ǰǿһͷǵʬ塣
Ǳǵ飬Ѿе֪ȻҲ֪ͷȥɡ

˿̣˻ʸ橵ĳҭ֮󣬼˾һĬÿ϶¶˼Ϊ˵顣
ǣȫǣβжβģ
ԺһƬʸ橺ͻʸܷܷ֣о¶ޱȰ˵Ứط磬ľȻûп޳ֳصıȴѾ˵һС
ΪЩΪ֮һ
Ȼǲ࣬ϺܶˣҪõ̫̫ˡ
ˣң
һطһҲˣ֮ǰĽǿȥѪӥ뿪
Ϳأľʵ
ļƻȥҪ
ط룬ҺͿ񽣻ߣ쿴ˣˣѪѪԪʵѪ֮ˣȻѾ˭Ҳұ֤첻ڵʱһ֣ܰ
ˡҲã
ľͷˣ
ܿ죬ľʸԼʸܷܷ˱ȥѪӥׯ԰ѪӥĴ£ǼΪ˳뿪Ѫռ䣬űǽʹ˲ƣԻصԼС

ľء
ľĹüľƣ̫ϳ϶ľֶ׷׾ϲѣľѪռзһкҲǶڲ֮Ѫµļƻ˼ġ
Ȼ˱֮Ǿ͸ϽҸطúȡһͻƵ򣡡ľŶľļ˵
ţ
ľصͷδ˵ʲô
΢˼Ƭ̺ѡ˵֮ĸľסǳīȡ
ܰʺҲ˹š
ڶľѡ񣬶ľȻκ飬ҸǽľǶľҪ֮һ϶ľһ֣ǳīΧһ磬ֹ󴳡
һߣʸ橺ͻʸܷܷҲܵ˼ӣ׻֮ǽȻ֪˫Ӵеǵ׸ΣֻҪǱͼգʵͻҲǼΪ׵ġ
һ仰صصˣûôϢ˴״̬
һ棬ǲһаװ˷ѣһȴҲҪͻƵò֮ĴսʤһЩ
ϾѪµʵ֮ǿҲԸܹġ
ֻ򣬿²Աʸʥʥʵǣ½ϡ
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ľأǳīȡ
ϿĺƷӿǿĿֲѹ˲ǽɽʱе˶о˴ֱ仯ȻûںƵַΧڣԾôҸоһһļ¡
죬
ľɫ˲䣬ںͶľǣԥıʹ˲ȥǳīȿڡ
ǳīϷϷĺƣľƵɫüΪأ˫лһ˿ĽΪ֪һصĽơ
һɽٳɹǳīڵĶľǿˡ
ȻǰҪֳܹ
أһһ
һص׽ܹоŵ֮ÿͻ򵥵ˡ
ΧԽԽĶľ֮˷׷۶һȴϢ񣬲ҷκ
¡¡
¡¡
ţ׽ٺȻ£
һǿֱֱ·ȥȻǳīڵΣ׽ٵȴڳ֮˲Ϊ֮ľʵĶľҲˡ
ţڶĵ׷¡
ǳīȣ·𶼱Щƣؿһ֣ʹôҵĶᵽɤ۶ֱӱĳˡ
쿴ʲô
Ȼ䣬֪˭һǳīгһɫâ漴ͬſӭЩâǳϵĺɫС
䡭¡¡
ţĵҲǷ׷£ǳīȶĺһʯ˷ʹڹȿڴĴҽ󷽶ܣΨ꼰㡣
ʱкȻʢһͬĴڻ漴ڴҵĿ£ɿûǳīڡ
һУһȫƽΨܿռĲɣ·˵ŸղŵĿֲһ
ˮ塭
ľ۾һĨâȻʺϽܴе˰
ȿȿȡ
ʱһǳīдöľⲽ
ɫ԰ףȴȣ˷·ͷŶһƵģһʮɵĸо
ľͻˣ
Ȼû򣬵Ѿʥغһ֮Ϊǿߣ
Ȼֻ˵α
оôľǰĵʵ
ģҺܺã
ľ΢΢һЦȲ˵ЩˣҪ̽ؾиоҲܹȥȳʱѾҵˣ
ã
ľûж˵ʲôͶľֶһۺǽΧǺˣ˴ŶľǶľĴؾڴȥ
ʵﵽѾñˮĶľʱٴȴǲκ谭Ϊ˳ı˴ؾУĶľƺͶľи˼ڴ
Ͼֳֻˣ
ʱһߵ򣬻ʸУʸȴصĳ֮أǰɽǺ֣׹Σɫǲѡ
ǻʸ橺ͻʸܷܷһ׽١
ȴһ춼û׽ٵȻﵽʮ֮࣬һص׽ٻҪ֮Ѱ׽ٸǿ˲١
û˵һص׽ٻᳬŵ
ʸüΪǵңԳ֮ǰһѵ
ˣʸ۾УѵΪǽ˫ӴеԵʣôǽָ˭

ʸһ̾ǰµĵʮ׽٣һᵽɤ۶޲óȥԼŮеһС


1798 ڣ
¡¡¡¡
׽ٷ·ڻʸƵģŵ˼㣬ȭͷյĽģָǶﶼ޲
ʱ˿̣Χۼʸ֮ڣ˵עȫǰ棬ΪʸʸܷܷòĬĬ

·ռ䶼ǿ˺һ㣬ڵʮ׽ٸոɢ˲䣬ʮĵ׽ٱѾ
ٶȼ죬ľ
׽ٵĿ겢κһˣڳÿһ־Ķ֮УʵԲһɫףѾ亹
쿴
Ȼ䣬һȻ˵עٴα
ǵУһɫɫ໥ƵĹâɽг𣬾ֱӳ˵ʮĵ׽٣ֱûͷϷǺɫ֮С
⡭
˶סˡ
漴âڽд󣬺ܿľγһ໥ƣȴַͥΡ

ʸһ۾ϳǻʸĴɵ۾
һ£Ȼֳ֮Ĵ۷УֻǻʸĴɫ
ľıˮ壬ؼҵıӰľԼԼҵĳ׻龧ֻһ֣
ѵע橺ܷܷͱý˫ӴУ
뵽ʸһ
˵ĻôƲ˫ӴҲᣬǽǸԵķַٵĽ˭ˡ
ڽΣҲֻмȥ֪
ǳ嵽ɫеâȴڲϵشУǿϣǱһޱȷϢնâһ㣬һž޴ģɫ޻ƵĽ졭
䡭
ţƺŭһ㣬캳صصڳ˷׷ѪʵԲ˷׷ĺˣһڽһڵѪ˳
»ʸ˿̵Ҳܵ˼𵴣ԾɽվԭأĿǰȿϿյĺɫƣǲѡ
׽Խң·ܵ˴̼Ƶġ
ܹоգڵʮ˵׽֮һжܿĹƽ
ѾٵĲ˵ɽȣԼԲ֮ڳֳư֮⣬һ
˿Ŀɿڴ
ֳΣκһȥӲ³
橡ܷܷ
ܿ죬ӰǰưܵĻ˳ʸ֮ӭȥ
ʱĻʸ橺ͻʸܷܷɫ΢Щףȹ΢Щɢ֮⣬κһĲʣʽ֮κʱ򶼸Ҫࡣ
橣ܷܷû°ɣʸĵʵ
үүŶҺͽһжܺأ
˵䣬ʸܷܷһȭͷЦĵңǺõòأүүҺͽڶŶ
˵ӣڼСƵģʲôֵķ緶
ƽʱʸ»ȡЦ
ڣѾޱȾϲУȥ˼ˡ

ŮѾǺεҫ飿
үүȲ˵Ŷ
ʸһĵ뿪֮ǰǣڳɹɹһ׽֮ҪһʱȥؾܴУ
ԣԣҪģ
ʸعͷԽ͵˴ؾڣǸɢȥ
֪һбؽΪʸԺ̸۵Ľ㡣

һӳ֣ǻʸ˵ؽһ춯صĴ£Ϊ֮죬Ϊ֮

ʦ
ڶľԼʸΪ̲֮ʱƬռУѪ粣ȴһֹģʦҲǰ
ôˣ粶
ŷһЩ£粵ӣЦЦʵ
ʦ롭ȥѪռ䣡粳һ£ջ˵
ȥʲô
һȻЦǵİΣǺǡ
精Щ˼һЦ࣬ʲô˵
ɵѾͷ
ڲһ̾ȥҲ޼£񲢲ѪռС
Ķ׷ʵ
еĻǵ˫ȫ粴˿̵չš
·ҲԼı̫żˣ粲ɵһ죬æҪͣǺƿԶһеЦĿУջʲôû˵
ˣ粶֪㵣ڻǲȥϾѾѪ֮ˣϸûѪµϢһóȻȥĻ»ǵļƻȥҪ鷳ĳ˵
ҡ֪ˣʦ
ҧҧӦ
֪ˣҡ
粽˵û˵꣬ڱһɣ֪ˣҪΣĪڴѪڰΪʦ
ͽң
粼æȥܹʦⱲˣκ
ˣɣ
̧̧֣ʾվ̾Ϊʦ֪ģڻѪ֮ˣǾͿȥѪռһ֮԰ɣ
죬ʲôû˵
ȴǼɵӣЩǿ󲻵õģԹȥɣȻڲȥΪʦҲû˵һֱȥ
ʦ˼ǡ
ڵĻ粶ʱ۾һ
ڰڰ֣Ϊʦʲôû˵Թȥɣ
ǣʦ
ԣ֮뿪ˡ
Ȼڲδ˵е˼ȴһźţ˼ڴȻжʵ
̡
뿪󣬷סڰ޳ĲӣͷʵΪʲô㲻Ӧ粽ȥҴ簡㲻˵ЩΣ𣿡
˵أ
΢΢һЦ·˫Դ͸ռ䣬ʱľһ㣬ʮ֮財
ô֪
ҧָ˾ȴǺ۾һ֪Ŷ϶Ǵоգһһλ԰ɣ
ԣԣԣ˵ȫԣ
ڳĹ˹ηǣЦεȷһλԼ֮⣬ûܹ粽㲻УҲУ
Ǵʲôʱܻգգ۾ʵ
İɣܿģ
һ˫ߣò˶þˣʱ򰡣һֱǵĹԷ𣿡
̫ÿ
Ĳѡ
ڵĻһֱǺɵš
˵ģǾǶԵģûдһΣ
ǷǲǻûأЦ
ѽأ̣Ŷ
ڻȥȶԳ򣬰ЦܿԶˡ
뿪֮ڵıȴֺȻ˼֣֪ηиֳӵĹâ緢Ƶľþûлع


1799 ؾռ֮ף
Ϊ˽ѪµļƻŬǼӽʵΪ̲ס֮ʱȴѾ˾ŷἰǸؾ֮С
ͷϿսﲻϷڸս֮ʱ޴ڵʱ֮ȴʮֵ࣬·оһĵ׵ϤԼоͬʵʵĽϴ׽֮⡭
飿
û
׽֮У̲סķ˶糹ؾĿռںΪһƵģ³ޱϢ
ô£
컷Χɵ΢΢üŷǰ˵ĿΪʲôûг֣ѵ˵ˣطˣͲνؾ
ǵĻָôͣ
ǰ˼⡣
ûп飬ôǲζ޷ҵǿռ֮ף
˴첻ɵÿЦһ£ܲͬɫİ˿ӣ֮ɫ
ǡ
Ȼ䣬͵̧ͷԭǽͻѾͷϿգĿͷۺ˵Ƶģ˸żΪõĹâ첻һ
ţ컹ûӦ֮ʱȴǷɵǰ棬Ǹоһ͵ںǰ˼
һͷŵҪȥʲôط𣿡
𡭡
ౡ
ʱͷԼͬ𣬷·ڻӦ⡣
ܹ˵ʲô
첻Щ죬ɣ͸ҵͷ
ܿ죬쳹׾סˣĿ˽ͻٵĵ˵Դ
⡭
һƽһЩ񣬵ã֪ˣǰ·
𡭡ౡ
ٴεͷǰţҲæϣȴҲͬʱʮֵľ
Ͼ˵̫İһЩСһܹûдġ
ϵطУܻȴһɲƵģ·һռԹüøղŲŷɹƫƫֱнͻǰ·ĻûǸļôȥ
ϾܵĻʵ̫һЩ
ǰĽʱʱػͷǷѾϣ˾ȴٴνǵչ¶ţ첻òиΪ켸֡
ڷ˲ʱ󣬽ͣ
ôо֮ǰڵĵطడ
쿴˿ΧǺɵʵ
𡭡ౡ
漴ͻһĿ֮УֱӿٵĳǰȥֻգۼֱûǰǺȻֵĿռУʧ
⡭
˫ۣǽʧȻڵĿռһѸΣռ˹ȥ
Ȼ֪ʲôطȻͻﶼȥˣΪʲôȥã
ݵһȻûУֻǰʱһ䣬һƬ֮С
ܣ޹߿ԣνֲָ
ҪģﾹȻûпڣһ뻹Щʣæתں֮΢һЩ
תԪע˫ۣſΧһС
һƬޣһ֮У·ãֻҪֻУǧ֮ң˲Ϣ
Ȼָ֪оӺζʵѡš
˿Уȴǿ𺳣
һУѾ֪ԼһƬĿռ䣬ɵһּ֮С
ͻأѵ֮ʧˣ
üܣȻûκΣգɱžԵľ衣
ڸô죿
˼⣬üͷԽԽ
ৡ
ţ䣬һ㲻ϵشһӰɢ
ֻһ˲䣬˺ԶһطٶȽ֮˲Ƹ˼֣ȫܴ˴ռ֮Ӱ졣
桭
ϸֳһĨЦݣԵΪ
ৡ
ĸˣ춼ǲʱ֣ȴֺܿɢӰ
һ̣ϺȻɢһ׹⣬òͣͬʱһĵͺȻǱΪϹѩʨѩƾֱ컳Уﹷģ֡
ѩƣôԼˣ
ЦǺǵĸ˳İɫëʵ
ܿ죬ȴؾˣӦռŶԣûпڣôܹģЩϳ
ϾѩƲ࣬Ҳǰƾں֧Լ
ء
ʻѩĽ˼зɳҧӣͬʱǰʹ
ˣҪȥĶֱȥɣҧˣҵ·ҪҧˣЦõĵ
ȻѩȴδŹ䣬ҧŵʱ켫׼˵ʲô֮ʣѩȴ͵ذ׹ʢ˲ܵĿռ֮컹ûӦ֮ǰǵγʧԭء
εʧȴ֮ǰˣ˲Ʋͬ·𳹵ܿռ䣬һû
ҲһͷĿѣصʵҲӣɴ˿óָоǶôΡ
ָо˺һʧѩƵУһתԪԼƽ漴ŽĿ⿴Χ
ҲǸղֺڰգ
֮·һִʱ䳤ӵĸоӿŨĿҪҺƵģվﶼܹеĸܵԼʵĻ
˵ˣʥ֮󣬳ıչԼԵ֮⣬ʵѶȴģ˵վܹоˡ
̫ˣ
漴ȴǻعصˣҿռ֮׵ģѩƣʲôѵռ֮ʱ
𡭡
ѩƵͷʱʮ־ϲĶȥ
𡭡
ѩƳǰĿ֮ǰȴһƬɫĻ磬ȴûһռ֮׵Ӱӡ
ûƭңջĿ⣬ɵѩơ
𡭡
ƺʮֲĻѩƳͺһȴſС죬һ׹ǼֱûǰƬ磬·ˮ뺣Ƶģû̫Ĳ
쿴Ҳˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻǰƽĻ綸ȻңܻҲܵ˼Ӱ죬оһǿǵصӿֻɲǼɫ˲æתԪеֿ
ѩƣںң
ѳѩȴ¶һĨЦ⣬˼Ӻ˵Ķƭأ
СӣҼסˣԺûȳԣΪѵĿڣºȴǹ˲ֻרĵĵֿԽԽǿѹ亹ʪ·ӲĹҪܲסƵġ
𡭡
ʹģѩҲ¶һ˿̣سǰٴεͺһ
¡¡
·ڶѩƵĵͺӦһռ֮󣬱һֵ»߲ʹâһֹӵϢ˲ʱѹһɣɵôڴڵĴŴ
ţ쿴Ǹµɲǣɵֱѿڶռ֮ף


1800 ˫ɫ
֪ΪΣռ֮סĸѿڶ΢ڼռ֮׵ʱʱּΪĸо
֪ⶨȻҪѰҺȡĿռ֮ס
Ȼи֣ɿȥȴȫûһԿ׵ӣһԲ̣ƴСĲתţӶԶϢ鲻Խɫһ࡭
ʱ䣬ľ񶼷·Щ㱣վԭأǿռ֮׿ΪĻתš۶ؿӿռ֮ɢϢʵʰĿڣһ쾹ƺ޷Ӧ
ء
Ȼ֪׹ȥãһѩƵУǻع
뵽ղԼӣʮֵĺ£϶˲ٵ亹
Ҫģǿռ֮ȴǺȻʧˣ
ô켱æȥɻ֡
ûܹκ׼ȷĴ𰸣һͷˮ˫۽ĶȻΧƵĿռ֮ףֻúһͷ֪ڰʱпܳһӭͷػ
⵽ô£
ĵְһ
Ȼ䣬ݶȻޱȻĿһ㳯ܲϴȻ֣࣬Ϣס
ʲôˣ
һȳڣǧýҲ˳ĿĴΧڰƬ֮ͻأǱΧƵĿռ֮׺Ȼʧȡ֮ȴֻ޺Ȼ֮С

𾪵ĵɴ˫ۣ
Ȼûʵ壬쿴ȴʵѾûʲôˡ
ΪڣΪףһһöӦֲͬԣҪϸо˼Ϊֲѹ·Ҫ˺Ƭһ㡣
˫
ۣĸԺȻ֡
𡭡
ѩҲڲϵĺţȻĺ֮˫ȫûκθо·ѩƵɲһ㣬ɽض졭
𡭡
Ȼͬʱ˫Ȼһ˦βǳڵλֱϮ
ã
ɫȻ䣬ǧýæһâȻ𾪵鷢ˡ
ÿһâƴƵģֱӴ˫д˹ȥûжκ赲ǵٶȶûһ֡
ء
һ̣ݺݳϣȫûа취ֿĽˡ
ôóȫγɷ֣˫Ĺƶûһãܵĳǿ˲٣ʹڷڸ𵴲ѡ
⣬ȫǱѹŴһߵ氡
ģ⵽ô£
аѣξѾ˿˺üʮ׵ľ롣
ΪԼİȫֲòˣһνһεĳ˫ĿֲȻ֪˺˶ãȻѩƺŭˣ͵ϰ׹ʢգ۾ͱصѩʨı塣
𡭡
캳صһŭУ˫ͣסͬʱףѩǱȥ
ৡ
ѩƻһ׹⣬ŭ𣬳˫ֱӳȥ
ѩƣҪ
״ɫ䡣
˫Ĺ޷ֵѩȥ˲Ҳһ
ȻȵһĻˡ
ѩƳ嵽ͷϷʱ򣬾ֱӽѹ˽£ſѪҪҧȥ
˵Ǳ˫ѹŴĻôڶѩ˵ȴȫǱһλá
УⷽŻޱǿƵ˫ȫûһֿ֮ǵӣȫһɳģûһѩƳַ˼
ô£
쿴ĸΪԾˡ
ѩƵѪոսӴ˫֮ʣȴȻɫɫĹâƮɢӵʱȫȻʧղ챻׷һжֻá
Ȼոһ׼ѩ˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻǰٴӿֻգۼĹ򣬱һͷٵֶ
ڸղŵ˫ͷӴ󣬶Ҫֳͨһֻɫһַ·԰˲ɫ䣬˵ĲȻ
𡭡
Ȼ𣬶ͬʱѩҲſ죬쳤Х
죬ֻԼĤޱۣ·˶һҪĤݵĳ嶯

һæתԪָоѹ˵¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
𡭡
ѩһʱǻɫ˹ȥɫҲһβ֮ҲǳѩƳ˹ȥ
ζԣȻѾָѩʨı壬ѩȴ֮ɫС࣬һһСڰ໥Էȥѩȴûһ·ơ
ѩơ
ǵǡ
һ󣬱ֳǧýμϮ㣡
Ȼû쿿һĻγˡ
ѩƳ嵽ɫǰɲǣֱվ˾ϣɫҲѩϲţԵüΪǣղִҲ΢˺ܶ࣬·òӵ˽һ㡭
һĻǰ˲ֹס˼˫ۣ־졣
ƺĴһ㣬ѩ߻ɫڲϵĥţѩƻ»ﹷģֱſϡ
⡭
쿴ĿЦã㲻⵽ô
һĻѩƵʮأӹоԼѩƾԲֻϹѩʨô򵥡
ѹޣܹǿĻɫǣκһͷʥޣ޶޷ģ
벻֮ȴҲɴ಻ˡ
պǧýôվԭأľתָղ˫ܵĳ𵴡
ѩƺͻɫڻؼĹϵȥɣڵɫӦòչġ
Լȥ˰ʱѾָ۷״̬
ѩơ
ʵڵȲȥĽһ
ء
ѩźĴƵģɫͺһ󣬻һ׹·ɻص컳Уͬһͷͬʱصţ鶯۾иֳһĨ˼쿴ĿЦá
ʱǻɫĿ⣬ҲѩƵľٶתƵϣ޴Ŀ˸ͬʵʵľâʱźȻ֣ǻɫ۾ǲͬɫΪڣΪףͺ֮ǰֵ˫ɫһģһ
ҪģǺڰ׷۾ȴƿԿһƵģֻԼ·һ͸ˣеһжɫ
ָоܲˬ켫Ϊ
ܿģڽһǻɫоǸֳһĨͬУͺǳ֮ʱִ顭
㵲ѣΪԼˡ
ǻɫȴವһֱӷɵĽǰ޴죬еִ֮ɫɡ
֪ΪΣʱû˿ľ£׽֮ĵӣ񡭡ͷɫûмһ㡭
ָоʲô޷ģ


1801 ռ֮۷壡
һǻɫȻһͬʱ컳еѩƣҲ֮һͺӦǷ·ڽ̸Ƶģϧ̸ĵʲôݣҲö֪
໥ͺһ󣬻ɫȻڿգ캳أ쳹ܿռ䣬Ŀռ֮ƣٴɫһ䣬Ϊ˸ղŻɫеִ֮ɫȴκξ⣡
ɵţɫ˺һë
ţɫգۼѾʧ֮ϣŸղźȻ˵Ŀռ֮ٴθֶϷƮ£֮ǰһּΪ͹ӵϢ
ѩſ컳Уصһ
һŬƽԼǰĿռ֮ȥ
ԭΪɹ
ȴû룬쾹ʮ׵Ľռ֮ץС
ô򵥰ɣ
췭ȥĿ˺ü飬ǲ⡣
Ͼŷǰ˵ռ֮ƿ޿ռĸѪǱԴϹʱڲ֪Ϊεõռ֮׺󣬾͸û취ֻܽռ֮׵ĲãˣȴҲþŷôǿΪɵ
죬Ȼô򵥵ؽУ֮С
ǰһоʵҲɲ첻š
ɡȻõˣô
üͷ
ԹѪ߽ԪУȴûκЧ
еĿռ֮ףһоʲôԿԡ
ء
Ȼѩ컳һתȥʱ򣬱ѩС³һ׹⣬ֱӽǿռ֮ȫ쿴ľ첻ѣΪʵںް취£ȴҲûֹѩƵĶ
ء
ţѩֳͺţͨѩ֮⾫ϵҲѩƵ˼
ã֪ˣ
ͷӡŰ˿ŲͬɫӴڷа˿š
Űѩ˵˿γһԲȦѩð׹ǿռ֮׷ɵ˿ӵԲȦм䡣ľ£ľˮӷֱٵƳǸγһʹǿռ֮ȫ
飬ʱռȴƾһ㣬طһЩγһΧȦļƣһжԵô
𡭡
һ˲䣬ѩٴһ׹⣬˲ǳǱʹâֵĿռ֮У·һ߻Ƶģǿռ֮תٶԽԽ죬Ϊٶ̫죬չֳһѤõʹΣ쿴Խ⣬ΪʲôѩҪô
ת˲䣬ڲĹ򡭡
ǿռ֮Χʹâ𽥱ڰɫȡ쾪㵵ͬʱγһת̫ͼ̫֮е˫㶼ܹһ
ǡ
Ŀɿڴ·ԼҪ̫ͼƵģֲ֮УԩȫܿƵӿϵӿ̫ͼڡ
ʱ˿̣ʱ䶼ȫֹͣһ
̫ͼ֮УȴγһֹŹֵѭ
ڵԪע̫ͼڣ󾭹̫ͼ֮ȴֺܿķصڣѭһ㣬ûͣµ˼
ߵѩƣһĻȴ¶һĨŨŨЦ⣬ȴǼڴҲ֪Сһﵽڴʲô
֪׹ȥã֮ѭԽԽ죬ǳֳ̫ͼĿռ֮׾ǻһڰཻ⣬ֱӳȥգ۱Ѿûڣɵһȴȫ뵽˹ž޲붨״̬
ܵİ˿ӣҲķɻص쵤
һеһжһȫƽ
ŴŴš
ûƽã㱻ڰɫâȫȻ֣ſռľҲĻɫ˷ĳӿ룬ʱΪһǧƵģ˵ƸۿɼٶȲš
ѩһĨЦ⣬΢ԶһЩ˼֪ں˭̸һ
ڽ̸󣬺ܿ߾ǸֳӰ֮ǰ·ǽ
˵Ӧվħޣʥ޶˵ӦǰŶԣѩ࣬ȴԵüΪ˳·ѩȥҲȻκԥ
о첻ƣԼǿʵѩеЦ
Źȥ˲һʱңѩƺĵͺһԵĽ͵طһٵĻһͻ⣬ֱӷڣʶһ
ʱ˿ͷϿգȴһһӰޱȿֲ˲ǽȾĺսٷ˵䣡
𡭡
ѩС΢ţȴǷĺ
ʱһһӰ·ӵʲô̴ֱӷ룬ԭʵٶȸ˲١
ѩʱһĵ˵Դ»һ׹컳Уѡһ£ҲͬʼܵĻɫСһ̲ס˼£ԵüΪʡ
ʱһֺƳͣ
ѩ֮⣬ֻܵĻɫӿ·ֹƵļӿȥ
ڣ֪׹ȥãɫӿƽͬʱչһ壬۾֮
ǡ
һâȴɻȡ
ٽޱߵĿϲ
һռ֮ѾɹȡĵﲿλţȫԸоռֲ֮֮ɷָĽϵ
ڶҲû뵽ġ
ʵȻطԾʽ۷壬ڵȹ̣
۷壬ý콫ԸѪɽҲ˸İգ
֮⣬컹˸ղ붨֮ʱһС
һһӰ壬Լڿռ֮֮ԺкȻôЩϢ
Ҫǹڿռ֮ױԼ޿ռĽ⣬Ȼÿռ֮޿ռȵȣһ㡣
ջǳ󣬿˷֮ȴ¶һĨЦ
صأ˱ʵ֮⣬ȴҪɹһ׽١
صأҪɹ׽١
ʵطԾ۷壬˵һ뿪֮󣬽׽ٺ׽һ٣ڵ붼ÿЦѡ
׽ٵ֮ǰġ
ء
ƺĵģеѩͷ
ʲôʱҵĹԹѩƾȻᰲοˣǺǡ
ЦЦָѩ˳ëȴǱüᶨΣҲұҪԵģҾͲˣҡ
ʲôʱ򣬺Ȼֻܿռ䶸ȻƲ鿪һ㣬ɫ˲䣬æתԪѩƶΧȻһ䣬ȶ֮쾪ȵķ֣»ص޿ռ䵱С


1802 Ŵ޵𾪣ɽѪ
ʥѩɽϡ
ԺʵԼÿռ֮׳ɹʱľŴͬһʱ䶼˸оɵÿپۼһ𣬰Ҳˡ
ãȻ˵ĶӣҪȻÿռ֮
ŴеϴѪڵ
֮Уȴ˼ϲɫƽȫȻͬ
ô˵ˣ
ҲЦҷڵѾȫڣ˹ȻûƭǣֻҪĶÿռ֮Լʧ
λҲǷ׷Ц棬޲ھͳȥúÿ档
ֳǣȲ
ŷȴҡҡͷҲˣǵģǲܲ룬ɹʧܣһ֣ҲٴνǷ
⡭
˾ŷĻ˴޾ǳĬ
ǰǵҲ£ǿеǸȴܵģ˵ˣһٸһǧһ֮Ҳ᳹ɢ
ǻãֻϧֶŮ
Ѫһ̾ҲǷ׷Ŀ衣
ǣûʲôģҪǵģⲻַܹ磡
Ц˵ˣҲ˵߻һλԵȻһֱûȵڼ֮ԤУ˵ĻԵϣ
ǾŷŮ
ŷıΪβƷȴһֱǾβȸ޷ͻƵ˵Ľ׶Σ
һֱҲǴΪĵĵط
Դ쵽֮о˻Եĵò˶ãԺ׾ŷһΪܹķˣʱŽһĳɹ
ģ
Ļ˷׷һ
ȻģҰһԼҵĻԵֹأ˵ò˶ãҾͿԳͲأЦ˵

Ŵ޷׷Ц˳Ŀų谮
ˣ
˵Ц䣬ȻŷһĿ⳯ǰҲʥѩɽɽȥ
˷׷֮ȥμٶ֮ǰ˵ȴǸԵƮ˼֡
λǰ谢̣
ǰʱʮ˹һ
ˣ
ŷЦ̧̧֣ȴͻأ۾һԴ飡㾹ȻȡԴ飡
Ȼ첢ûκζɢϢԼŷﱾǷ˵ԵʣظоԴĴڣʧһѿڶ
ʲôԴ飿
˾ŷĻ컹ûӦ֮ǰ˴ټɫ˲䣬ͬʱΧһ˫˫ĿƵĽϣҪͷţڵȫƵġ
⡭Ҫʲô
첻ɵ˼ʲôԴ飬Ҳ֪

ĽŶĻջ˷ϵĿ⣬һȴǰδе𾪡
⣬ҲԽĲˣ
Դ鵽ʲôĪǽ֮ռ֮׸󣬷Щ𾪣
ԴҲǵԼʲôʱȡʲӵԴ顣

ھŴ޺ֵʱѪռĳȴһӰЩϢҵϥǰ½ЩԵѪȻǸղŲ³ģ
ˣǱˣѪɽ¡
ΪʲôѪԭܼ򵥣ǾΪǿռ֮ӴԺɽʧȥƿؿռ֮ײõ
֮Ҳ޷޿ռ䣬û취Ƴʥѩɽޣ
ҪģѪ֣֮ôް취ʵѪռǱ״ƣʱɽ³֮ս⣬޵ڶ·ѡ
ͶǺǡһֱΪܹԸȥ
µʱһȫʬһʮݳ޵ˡ
ģģ
ɽ±Ϊ֮ǰڱ飬ܵһƣڱչػָҳԿǷܹٴηֳʵķԶԿ۷ǣ
֮ǰЩķɽѾоһ˿ΣԲŻô࣡
˭룬ڰıչ֮ʱۿܵƼָȴûĿռ֮׾Ȼǿаռ֮׵ϵԭȻأ̲סһѪ˳
˿̣ɽµķŭУڵѪɫʯڸǱһѪɫԪɨǲơ
˭˭
Ҫñ֪˭ȻһƤʬΣ
ŭУɽ¸Ƿŭ˼㡣
ôˣ
ƺо˲ԾĴΨһʣµİͬʱ˽
ֻаߵģºͺ±ɽǽ¸ټ˻һȥ𣬱ϾΣѪռѪĴڣ
ڷ˺£ϾɽǱû֮ͬǰǾ֪ģ
ģ
˰һۣɽٴŭһŽռ֮׵齲Ҳ֮ɫ䡣
ô
ҲţŤͷȥﱾһ£ʲôпܣ
ʲôˣ
²˼˵ĵ˾ʣµ۷壬Ȼȷʲôˣ϶еһɣֻǣ룬֪޿ռĴڣôȥģ
Ҽǵñ˵޿ռĴûм֪޿ռһʮĿռ䣬ڣΨеھѪƶߣ
˵ɽ˺Ҳ˲ɫһ䣬ǿȥ
ֻûȫ£ԭʧٴγֵʱѾ˲Ѫƶ㡭
ģȻǴȥģ
һ̽ɽɫѿĵ֮Ѿʧ˴룡˴ȥ֮
飬ȥҲ飡
ɽŤͷԼ½Ѫռ䷭׶죬ҲҪ˸ҳҾͲˣΪѪ֮Ȼ˶Ҳ
ҵΣ
üɱǣѵЩ֮

ɽ±⻰ŪñһͣĶŰ£Ѫâ˸ĵ£˭ǱҪǸΥĻŲűعޣ
²Ǹ˼
¼æ˼˵Ȼ֮Ѿʧ룬ھҵǼҲûðɣ
˭˵ûõģ
ɽΪ֮ôоԵһԣ޷գ˾ҵԽ֮´ڳȡʱȥ޿ռ俴ʲô˵ܹռ֮
ãȥ죡
ҲٳɣͷǺͽ뿪ˡ
ɽǰʮͨڣɫ粻֮ٴηһͬҰްķŭʯѣ·ʱ̮һ㡭


1803 ĻԵϣ
ѪɽѪŭ飬첢֪֪Ѫռ佫һΣĴϴ
ڵ޿ռʥѩɽϣȫһһͷˮӡ
Դ鵽ʲôʮֺ棬ƫƫŷǾŴޣټ趼ûһҪ˼ֻ˵Ժͻ֪ˣ
⻰ֱͷߣȴƫƫܶ˵ʲô
ӣǾǶһۣɵ÷׷׿Цһ¡
ˣǻöл㣡
˶٣ŷ˵
лң
һŷﵱЦŵǰȡ˿ռ֮ףܹ»ɣⲻǵлл𣿡
Ǻǡлҵģ
ЦЦѪҲҪԸˣѪɽ¿϶Ҳ׵壬ܹ׶ϵǵ·ҲǴҶϲּ¶
ΪϣɾŷȴǿЦá
˵ûɽ飬Ҳһ죬ǾֻǸԹٴνռ֮ߣһж˵͵ͬһ
ȻĵȷЩˡ
ŷҲûжԣϾǸ˵飬ûֱͬ˵ĻʲôĺǼֱ󡭡
ص׷ºŻ˵λǰ谢̣һ뿪ˣϾ桭
ʲôôҪߣ
һʱЩʧֱ̬վ
谢̣⡭
챻һӣΪʲôô
衭
ŷ΢΢üʾ԰ŵ֪Ϊ谢̲㣬һλԵһԻĻԵ
Ŷ
˲Щ졣
ŷıǾβƷ飬Ѿ֪
һֱ춼ȻΪŷŮȻҲӦǾβƷŶԣʱžŷĻƺǰ㡭
Ǻǣʵһֱ뻯һһ֪ʱգ
ŷ΢΢һЦĻԵŮʼնܻɹ
ǰ˼ò˵谢̻ɹĻԵҵϰɣЦ
˵أ
ŷЦŻصĿҲ׷ϡ
˵ʵڵģ֮ǰĻǶὫϵһ
ɣЩʲôأЦá
ǾͲ֪ˣ
ŷʼ磬ĳʱ̣ҷģԵԶ֣Ҳȫ޷Ԥϵģ
ҡ
һЦ˵Ҫ뿪ˣĻԵʮа˾Ŷ޹ء
ɴʱһ˫˫ĿעУЩܹ˵ó
ɣȻżȥҲһģ
ŷ룬΢һҲһʱ䣡͵ԼһϢʱ䣬߶Ϣ㵽߿ˣ޿ռȻûʲô̫õĶʥѩɽȴһ죬һˣ֮ժŸߣ

˵̰ġ
ֻžŷټλЩֹı飬ʱ뵽϶ʮȻûʲôҲͲסеĺ档
ڲժţҲûж롣
Ͳ̰ˣ
޿ռ䣬˵ʵԼջѾܴܴˣ
ΣջǴӦ˾ŷա
ѣҲᵢʲô

࣬ˣ
ԺУСȸĴȥʱʱطĽڳһ㣬ǶһЩˮ˽
ûû£
켱æˮӹϣЦɰ
ɰʲôˣÿ˯Է֪ȥҪ֪ɵʲôطȥˣûĵ
˵䣬ȴѾվϣСһˮһԲųš
Ļ̧СԴ˼ƺʲô
˵ûУ
˵һɣ㿴ڳʲôˣ
˺ˣ谢̣ˣϢһɣ
켱æЦҲܿɰģһõӣҲȥǿʲô
Ļмչһ·ɵϣϲ˲䣬ԵüΪ׽»صϼζˮ
һĻŪЦá
ϣҽͲСѾͷһʶˣ
ûĳһۣ˵ȳԵ㶫һȥɽ˵Ǹʵĵط
ౡ
˶ʱ̧СԴ۾˷ܡ
㲻׼ȥ
һۣܲУԽģȥĻȥɣ

һ⻰ʱˣԹԵļˮٶԱȸղҪ˲٣ƺڻΪʳһ迴ĿЦá
ҲûȥȫСԣһͺˡ
ڳһЩˮĴ£ȥ˺ɽС
ʥѩɽĺɽһƬأǰİɽŰѩȴļ紺ож˼͵Ϣ̲ס˼䡣
ˣǰˣ
ƵĴ˲ʮӣָͣǰɽ˵ʵ
ǰɽĿһͷ
߰ɣ
΢΢һЦ첽ɽ֮УȻϵĸ޺ڶΪڵԵʣûһͷ޸κγ嶯Ĳ֮١
ܣ벻ʵɽĺδֲܹϸϸһ飬Ծɺ

Ӻ賯ָ֣ǰǸɽˣǽȥɣ
ţã
Ҳ˵ʲôͽǸֻһͨɽ
濴ȥɽûһ⣬ɽķΧȸɽȻ˵ۣ¾Щĵ·ܵǧ֮ࡣ
һѾ뿪ɽķΧ
˵ɽͷͲɽڣ
˻˻˻
ţȻһĦȻУ컹ܹоһֱӵĸоʱ΢ɵþ
ţǴ죡
оľ΢΢һЦʱǰ죬ˣң
˻˻˻
ţ˲ɴ˫ۡ
ǰͨжȻһ޴ĳɫߣֳͨһƬɫ̫ԵʣǸβںδ쾪ĻΪĳɫͷϣѾ΢ĴͬһӿѾǿҪɹˡ
Ժ󣬾Դ˲ӣһ㣬迩ֱЦ


1804 ĻԵ£
ǰһĻĿɿڴ
ı岻Ǿβȸ
˵βȸҲһ֣Ӧÿ˵һĴڣ̬Уܶ඼ԳΪǰô׽Σȴȫһеӡ
䣬ǴôֺƵĲȸͷ·ȸĳ
˻˻˻
Ŷ£ϲţŪЦѡ
ӣﻹʲô̵ļƣ
׽֮󣬴Ŀֺܿĳȥºͣʱ˫ȴԵüΪ䣡
Ͼ౾ӦѪ顣
죬ôţ
ĴԴǵĹͣҲߵģҪǸҶǿɲԭ㣡
˻˻˻
ĻٴŶջǱĿ⡣
˺ˣԼȥɣס׼ɱȻҿɾȲŶ
һЦҲǲ˲Сֺƹӣȥ
ʱſ˴峤ȣа֮һ
ֵܹ࣬زһֱڳصģֱš
ˣǼ߰ɣ
ʾһ£ǰ·һһЦ˵ٶǰģʱ׼Ե࣡ҽºҲ˳㽫˻
ףʾ֪ˡ
Ͼ޿ռ䣬棬鶼пܷҲûʲôֵֵ̫ĵط
ﰲרػʵģ
Ц˵㲻֪ʵʵԪȶɣ沢ûУ˵޿ռ䣬˵ʥѩɽزҲȡ֣
ֲأ
ͷЦһΪǰⲻ˵һϲ
ϲ϶еģ
΢Ц˵ʵú⣬һˣòϵģ
Ŷ
ô˵쵹ȤΪ
ֹȥӣͨľͷ֮ȴɽûʲô̫ΨһҪ˵Ŀ¾ǰɽڵһˮ̶ˡ
׼ȷֻ˵һСˮأһ춼ݲµСˮء
ֻСˮȴǱһ뵵İɫ֣һʵУܵһƵģֳһȶ˵̬
ˮеһУʵ֮⣬ȫԪҺɣ
죬һ߻ߵˮرϣһ˵
ԣһжҶʮ׽ʵҲֻҺܲժˣǿĴҲУЦǺǵֵ
ĬĬͷʵڼˮصͬʱѾо˲ͬ
ộڻжòܳ죿ʵ
ˮϷȫվͿˣ
΢΢һЦ۲һڿ໹һʱǾţ
ã
ͷϸ۲ǰʵӣûжԡ
ʵգȥȴǺѰݲ࣬ΨһͬǣǸҶӣһɼΪ·Ϊ֮ƽơ
ȻҲף򵥵ĹЧŷȼλǰԼ趼ôˡ
Խ۲죬ҲԽмĺ档
ܿ죬һʱʱȥڼҲ֪һЩ޿ռȡռ֮յϢ޿ռһΪϸµ˽⡣
滹Ѫ±ҪԸĻ¶޲סһʱˡ
ʱˮϵİɫѾյĲˣһƲʵգĿҲǱȫʱ̹۲ʵ
ڣһ˿յɲǣȻоſŰɫȴŵ뵹âʵٵֳоܿռ֮գǺ˼֡
գ
һĨâڿӡͬʱһɫƿƾնƿڴȻһ֮Ǿſʵȫٵķ뵽ǰɫƿ֮ڡ
գۼ䣬ſʵȫߣˮȴ˲ÿһղŻڵҺ̬Ԫȫɢ
ŵŸ㣡
ܿóһɫƿװʵ󣬽ƿݵС
лл
첢ƿ봢ָڣһ£ȴһʱһξ壬˸ŵʹΡ
̣Ǹģ
΢΢һЦξݵǰЦû´ĻӦһ쾧Ҳз쾧ŮҵģҾͰת͸㣬ϣ԰㻯
Ƕȣˮˮ飬ӶɹعˮңûȴǱڽһصռ䣬ƺĹһƾоĴ·ûע⵽£˺üŲһɫķ쾧
飬ȴƯģҲϢŨһţϴΰ˹ȡǿ쾧ȴǻ֮ĸ֮ǰɣӵеȫȻͬϾÿһ쾧ŸԷ֮ǰȫͬļ䣬ڻ˵Ҳֻ˹õĲģȻ쵱ʱֺαרȥôһˣ
⡭⡭
е쾧賹׾סˣǸܵ쾧ϢĿֱ࣬š
谢̣ôˣǲ⡣

ò׻ع³һĿ죬֪쾧Ǻ
ô֪ҡ
켸ѿڶȻȴҡͷϵ㲻֪Ҳ֪ÿоĻӦǾβƷһλȱ
ʲô
⻰ʱ˫ۣҪҪôɰ
֣Ϊʲô쾧ֳ֮ɫΪͻ޾󣬾βбβͻʣȫľڣһͻƵϵĸ߲ΣֻɾŲʣ
ḧе쾧ԵȻֻʣ˵ȴǸոպʣǾŲ֮ɫõҲȻκãóȻ˱
ѹְѹҾҵĻԵϣû뵽Ȼôһʵ쾧
ˣǸпѡ
ҲǺǺһЦȻǰ̵ĻԵǲܾҵ˰ɣ
ϻ
ûĵҪǾܾ񲻳ɵӣò׵ȵҿԻɹĴûԵѵôֱƳȥ
ҾǰϲˣһЦ
ٺ١ͬϲͬϲ
Ľ쾧պãļҾͲ˵ллˣߣǳȥ
ã
ҲΪеʮֿģԵ²ôܹҪԼ
ѪȻԼ쾧ĴڣĻԵٵһʱ䡣
֮ܶһ仰ԵעģǷѰңԵûվǲġ


1805 ŷĸлع飡
صʥѩɽۺλ޲֪ĶŷȴԺţǰСȸߴߴ˵ͣþŷϳޱȳЦ⡣
ǻˣ
ԺУ࣬϶˵ҵĻԲԣ
ౡ
һæɵŷϣٵмڽƱ硣
ûУߺߣΪһ𣿡
ţЦĵڸˣͲСѾͷһʶˣҵĻԵʲô϶Դ벻ģ
Ŷ
Ļŷ۾һվĻԵˣ
ţ
ͷȥŷߺһѽץסӵУžŷĸ첲ЦָҵĸоûأԵϣ
ౡ
УܲĽţȴûᡣ
գСһǿϣţϧ˼ֻḧʾο
㿴ʲô
ܿ죬轫ǿ쾧˳þŷʱ۾һ⾹Ȼǰ쾧裬ǴĶģĪǡ
˵䣬ŷĿ⳯ȥ
ţҵģ
һЦң಻ʣպܹ˵㲻ҵһԵֻҪҽ쾧ȫգܹɹʵܴǾβƷһȱ˵ò˶ãҾܹŶ
˷ܾ
ŷûͷϵ˵㣬ôĶҪˣ

費ɵþ˾죬ͬСŮƵġ
ǰ
ʱϴҲ˹ЦŵǰҸ谢̵һݼҲû뵽쾧˵ҲûãǰͲض˵ˣҪôĻԺɾû߶Ŷ
Ǻǡô˵ģУҾллˣĻ軹֪ʲôʱܻɹ֮ҲȷԵ֣
ŷЦЦȴǺԥһ£ϥ£

һŷﵱЦôһẦ㣿
Ȼǣ
عȴǽһԺ󣬼æվŷ˵Թϥ
Ҫ
ƺ뵽ʲôɵɫ΢䡣

ŷҡҡͷֹ˵׽Ų챳һעһԴȻڿܸܲҪʱ򣬱ؽһ
лǰ
ĬĬͷŷһӡһʵʵİɫâ˲ûڣɵһ漴ȴֺܿĻָƽϸϸ̽ȴκα仯춼֪ǹײصԼʲôط
ˣ
ŷɫЩף³һɣ
ǣ
ͷȻ㲻ڵ׷ʲôע⵽ŷķɫɵõǰǺαأҡ
û£
ŷ˻֣ĻԵҪסҸֻҪʱԶ֮⣬ŪԴĴڣǾ޷Ƶģ
Դ飡ǰɲԡ
Цһ£ȻҪʲôʱ򣬾ŷȴٴδϣԴ飬Ҳضʣ׵ʱȻͻ֪ˣڣֻ˵ǻԵδ
ðɣǻԵ
ͷߣžŷǰǼᶨӣҲȻٴζʡ
վŷǾλǰԣʲӵԴڣҲû̫ż

ģ֪׾ʲôЧʵֽʵ쾧͸裬ʥѩɽִһգǵĲ뿪ˡ
ε뿪ȴǽ˿ռ֮׵⹦ܣֱӽ촫͵֮ǰڣҲѪƶʯС
ƺЩ԰
Χ첻ɵɫ֡
Ŷˣ
أȻԭʯеЩѪâȫˣ
ؼǵãѪҶĻһᱻѪâ޲ĹȥʯɨһһжԵǰɾ˿һѪâڹĺۼ
ô£Īǳˣ
ü漴ɫ䡣
Уҵÿȥ
һȻû˲ƣȴٶ˼£ܿ뿪ѪƶֱӻصסԺ䡣
磡
ԺУѪѪԪ˼죬ʱվ
ţ˵
˵飬֪Ȼ·˻ֱ֣ĴǻصڣûֲһǲǷʲô飿
ҲǺ
Ѫҡҡͷصǰ쿪ʼɽµҽѪռ䶼׷ǻʲôˣҪģһˣᵱɱѪ۴˵¶ǵ汻ɱˣ
ˣ
ѪĻ쵱üͷһ壬ôˣˣôûио񽣺ͷǵϢڣ
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Ѫ̹λλ뿪ʣ¿񽣴˺طˣѪӥ֪֮ͨŸڷ֮ǰ뿪ģ
ԼΣûбɱģͷ΢һЩʵ
У
ѪЦŵͷѪӥкüɱˣ֪ǲԼˣ
ǵҪʲôˣ֪𣿡
ͲˣѪӥҲȥ̽ʲôϢû̽
У֪ˣ
ͷҲţڣ¾ɽ±ԹҲԱ֤ǵİȫ⣬ȥѪӥѪ۹һˣ
ǣ磡
˹ˣʱѪӥѪԼѪ˱˽
ԼĵλѪѪԪԺӶûֻ˵һȥؿǱߺԹԵ뿪ˡ
ȾٶҲ찵ͷ˼֡
٣
ں˳칪һ
ţ˵ɣ
ףºҲǽԼɹȡռ֮ף׶ϵѪ·˵һ飬ڹھŴԼ˵ĴڣҲֻ赭дӹ
ΣܹϵѪµ·ѾѪӥʮֵ˷ˡ
Ѫӥ
֮ɫһĵ
ڣѪӥʱ
һȥϵˣʱ׼ã⣬ѸԲȫˣʲô״Ը
ǣ
⣬Ҳʲôڱǰ£콫Ҫʱ֪ʲôˣȻ˷񣡡ֵ
ǣ
ѪӥȻ¶ɫԾɺܿӦ
ˡ
ʱرյԺűˣᣬȴ÷еɫһ䡣
ţ
ڰ֣ȥţ˭


1806 żѪ죬ţ
ʾ԰꣬ԺаһЩƲˣúųſȥ
˿ƣʵעȴǴŴԽԽ˵ıҲԽء
콫Ŵ򿪣ſվŵģһѪ֮ʱҶɵһ
ôˡôż
üʵ
٣ȥ˵
Ѫ첽ԺУϰڷŵľƲˣɵúһǾȻȾƣ
ס죡
غԺţԺвһ磬ҪçײĹǻ㵽ʲô¿˵

ĺǳ⣬Ѫɫһ䣬ȴǼæˡˣҲ̫żˣǱߺü¶ɱ˵Ͷ֮ӣ
ֹǱߣ߲һ
Ѫӥߵ£Ǳôż㲻̫𣿡
Ѫӥ㡭
Ѫ˫һĨâȴͬѪӥ˵öԣѪ죬ӦףҪľ侲
ǣ죡
Ѫͷ
˵˵ɣʲô
̾һѪ찴£ָһƣסʱԲܻţȿھѹѹ˵
ǣлл٣
Ѫ콫֮һһų٣ܲԾҾãɽѾ֪ǵĴڣֻ֪ǵݣԲŹôΪľ¶һܣ

첻ɫĵпӼһЩι
ЩˣʵѪѪԪģֻоԼóģζ㲻
٣һ㶼ż𣿡
Ѫ켱Ҫôȥǳ綼¶ģҪ˰
Ǳߵļûб¶
ʵ
ȻָǡƣġȰˡ
⵹ûУɱĶЩ££ЩȻ֪ҵʵݣҲĹٵĶӦһЩҶѪµֵжԣѪص
ֻҪ֪ʵݣǾû£ٶʱڲ£
ʼ磬ԵǶѪռǱ˺ܳһʱ䣬ҲˣҲ²⣬ɽ¾ҪɱˣҲԲᶯǣϾҲ̫ĻңѪ¼Ϊ
ǣ⡭
ĻѪȴһ֪ô˵ãϵż֮ɫ˿١
ˣֻҪעⰲȫСģЩ±ɱͱɱ˰ɣ
ڰ֣Ȳ˵ģȾƳԲˣ飬˵
ã
ѪӥѪۺѪ˵ǺԥӦ£Ʊһ±㵱һѪȴǿЦѵҡҡͷǴʱɵ̬ȴĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϵľƲ˻٣ѪƺҲܵǵӰ죬ʼż״̬˲٣Ҳ΢΢ףܹǱôʱˣҵ״̬仯ͿҲο
ˡ
Ȼʱɫһ쵱ֽ糷ɫʵʲô˰ô˻ǵˣ
ţ쿪ţ
⴫һΪİȴʮֵš
ˣʲô˰ǡ
쳯ʹһɫǷ׷װͷȴѾʱֵ׼
ԼȴǹȥŴ򿪡
ոյſһ϶ɲǣ㱻˸ǿ˿
´˵ӭӣһ˵
ʲô£
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ڵϣ۾⿴Ž´ĸ´룬ɫһ䡣
Ȼǽ£·ɫһ֮⣬òЩе£Լĺȫûκ
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»̧̧֣ǰϵĸζȣɵЦﻹְûĻѪ죬Ѫӥɣ
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һۣЦΪʲôҪذ
Сǰʱ򣬱һֱڱչأհҵͻƣʥ򾳽磡С˲ŶλˣλѣˡСԺҲˣ
ʱ˵ƣȫһ־µӣ
òϣ콫С̬յúܺãǡ֡
Ŷʥ򣿡
µ£ĿʱϣЦȻʥһأŬֻҪ㵽ʥأҿԳŵһʹߵλãΣ
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һЦҲգȻˣҲ£ǲҲϼɣ
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ǣǣ
ҷ׷׵ͷСڸŽ¹ĸ£ȴվ࣬ɫ˿κһ飬Ҫǣ˵ʵʥ򣬲͵Ķʥء
ˣ롭
ԸµһƣµҲЦĽӹȥһ
ΪǶʳﲢûκȫǿҪҪġȻɽƳʶķҲԼζЩʱΪڸ֮Ե㶫Ҳ㲻ʲô
ѪǰɣҲһʲҪ˷ôõʣǾ仰㵽ʥأʹߵʱԸ䷢ЦǺǵ˵
лˣлˣ
켤֣л
ԱߵѪӥѪ죬ѪۺѪȴԵЩװģҲġ
ϾɽµķֻҪɽԸ⣬﷢κ飬ͨµ۾
¶κһ㱻Ļؽ롣
֮ǰ˵ɣڿȷýˣûпʲôɵĵطڽﵽôģǲö֪ҲֻнԼ
ںһƺ󣬽ȴЦǺǵļ򣬵ˣǼɣˣ
ʹˣ
Ǽæ͡
¸ոߵſڣ׼뿪ʱȴǺפתŶˣмº˵һ£
˷Ը
ʱ䲻ҪܣĹؿҲҪϣκλɵ˶ȫץκ˶ҪŹ˵
ǣ
˹ӦŵŰڰֺؿһۣŴĸ뿪ˡ


1807 밲
оŽԶ΢һ

Ѫۿڣȴһ˵Ƚݣ
һͬ£ѪԵҿٻǣȻпѱ磡
ǰ
Ҳ׷׵ͷнٺĸо
ˣƨˣ
ڰ֣ȻǾý´˷רţʲôĿģ
Ŀģ
Ѫӥһ£֪ô˵ʲô˼
ǸòΪֻôɵĹɣЦ
٣ĪǽѾǲ˻ɣѪɫ䡣
ҿ϶Ҳ˵һǣ
ۣΪɽµķûĿĵжڻϣ
ڸô죿Ҫɴһ㣬ֱӶ֣ȥǽˣѪ˵
£
ûĳһۣΪô򵥣Ϊɽ»᲻֪
˶٣ЦżԺ˫۾أֻҪжᱻǷ֣
˫۾ǽµ£
Ѫɫ䣬ǡ
ʱֻѪ죬ѪӥҲǷ׷ɫ䡣
ģʱû£
΢΢һЦղǽ֮ǰҾѾ沼һԾȾƳԲ˵Σʥ򣬻ҵĻ󣡡
ǣôȥҲǰ취
ѪӥüһֱǼţ񲻶鷳
ǰ
ѪҲͷ͵һ΢С¶һ룡
ʵٱӣҲʧΪһ£
Ѫȴ˵
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ӣȻûзκβԾǿٸõǱ
Ѫ΢΢Ц˵ˣӦа취ǵļ𵽷Чɣͬ

Ħ°ͣҲǷ׷Цݡ
ӣ˼˵ûһЩΣԻӵˣٱȫԳûȥ飡Ѫ˵
ţ
ѪЦŵͷҪûа취ôˣϾ֮ȫ˵һϲͨ
١
˵Ŀ׷ϣȴǳһûôҪǲ֪ǼӵʱǶã΢һЩҲʲô⣡
Ȼܹ˴ãϾģһʱ䳤˿¾ͻظüͷɫΪء
ʵҲöð
ѪЦ٣˵ܿҪʽѪ¶𣿵ʱҲع˼ôˣ
˵ҲǣԼţǼˣ
ԳһЦУôҲҪȥµĻɣ
ǣ
˷׷׵ͷ˵һ󣬱Ǹɢˡ
ӵڰУ쵹ǳԺеĻ󣬷ڴǺúõ˯һҲõĻᱻ˷ǲԾ֮
ϢһѾȫָ
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ڣþ׼Ӧʱпֵܳĸѡ
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ɢ˿ҹ֮˾ȻڣɵǹճһĨаȵĻߡ
˼Ƭ̣Ⲽһ˿֮ʼϴȻ緹ʵȴ֪ͨԼ⻹ѪѪԪˡ
һж׵ԥһ£ԺºȲ裬Ϊӡ

תۼ䣬عչȥ
ڼ䣬רһ»֮˵ĿɳԣյõĽҲʮ⡣
ֻҪ㹻֧ţǷʲô֮˾ֱܷ١
ˣ֧ʮ鷳
̫Զ޷в䣬˵Իĳʱάˡ
˼ȥֻһ취Ǿǡѩƣ
ûѩƣ
ܹģҲֻѩˣϾ˭Ҳұ֤ѪӥЩԼûбӣǵʵҪǣҲʮԷ֡
ء
׹ѩƱʱǰ󾭹֮⾫ϵҲǺܿĽθѩƽ
ҪѩȻûκĴӦ
ֻҪѩڣά־ͶȻ˵ʲô⡣
˵ʲôȻ˵ѩҲ֪ͨ죬صʵŲѪռʲôطȫԼʱĸϻ
ֻǣѩƺò׳һˣҪ쵥Сһܲ⣬ĺοŵ˺ЩȵѩǿӦ¡
źѩƵרŴӴָóһЩȷڷУͬʱȫúãȥΣȻϢ뿪Ժ䣬֮˴ʱģȴԺյӣѾ뿪Ǹͺ޲

ѪԺ䷿У°һɫǼΪء
֮ͽˮʦ㣬Ѿȷֻһֱ벻ףôѪһ𣬶ҿǵӣమԶ룡
쵹ûлɹµĻ죬ȷµԺеĻɱȫ
İɣ磡
΢Цڣһжõģ
Ѫ챾ΪĪƣȻƺˡ

Ѫ̾һҲϣˣڵʮֲټѪռѾ֪ʲôʱŻ⿪ļƻչѪռ䶼ܹѪ£
ԣҪģҪô£⣬ûİ취⿪ķ˵
̸ף
ѪЦѣɫҲżȻ
ǺǣȻӱȷЩѣо仰˵ĺ£ֻˣ¼Ц
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Ѫ۾һĪ¶а취
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Ȼ𣬴Ѫµ˵Ѫüͷһ壬ڸʲô˵˲׼˴𣿡
һ߱ԹţѪһ߹ȥŴ򿪣ȻȴһˣѪüͷ壬ȴȻһ˿֮С
ôˣ
ߵѪߣףأ
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Ѫغ÷ţҪ׼˵ʲôʱȴǺһͬȻĿ΢һӰһĳǵķС
ʲôˣ
Сɫһ䣬ͬʱȵ
ýţң
תЦ˼ˣΪ˷ֹ˷ֻ֣ܳ²ߣ
١
죬ŷǿЦѡ
ȴҲие˾޴𺳣ǾȻĽ˿ûв
˵Ļǿ֪ôˣ


1808 µķ
˵ӣǺЦЦʲôûдǰɣ
жϷ֮⣬Ѫ΢һ㵵ͬʱȴҡͷ٣ǧᣡҺ¶ûʲôǡ
ѪмֽҪ͵ӣЦȴѪûĳ۵٣ڶʲôʱˣ㻹鿪ǵЦߣ
µ̬ȣѪһ
漴ȴЦǺǵİֵ˺ˣǲЦˣʲôʲôϢ𣿡
ʲôϢûУ
ѪЦҡҡͷҲε̾һ
ˣ٣ôȻˣַºȻʵ
ôұ˵飬Ѫû˵췴ʵ
˵˰㡭
ºɲѣǺһЦǽԼû齲˳
ȻѪ¶ףôܹάֻת㹻첢ûжͣҲûжʲôֻҪðűֵΣգóóȻ߾ˡ
ˣ¶
ѪȻʲôƵģʵղǲ˵а취Щ飿нѪռķ
Ŷ
ѪĻҲǲĿ¡
ʦ㣬첢˽⣬ҲȻô˻ῴܹ˵ʲô
Ҳֻǰҵ뷨˵˵˵ˣɲҪң
˵Цŵͷ΢֯һԣȣǲȷ׷ʲôؿ϶Ѫռйأҡ
¿ٵ˵ţȻܿ죬ȴҧû˵꣬ȴǺ۾һϵղ˵ʲôѪռйأ
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ȴصѪռ䡭Ѫռ䡭Īǣ֮ǰǼйأ
ʱȻ뵽Լմ޿ռѪƶѪâȫȻʧΣʱɫһ䣬Խ϶˸ղͷ
٣뵽ʲôѪ˵ʱȴǴࡣ
Ѫ죬ȥѪӥѪۣѪ˹òҪˣ
ûлشµĻ΢˶ٺ󣬳ҸʵĽڣ
ף
Ȼ֪쵽ҪʲôѪ컹ǺܿĳȥˣʮӺѪӥѪѪ˱̵ⷿһ磬ɫȻȴִһ˿ǸĿڳˡ
٣ǡ
˾ʮֲ⣬Ѫӥʵ
֪Եɣ
˻һʱڳԵüΪ㵡
١
Ѫӥ׼˵ʲôȴڰ֣ǰ첻ȥʮ֮˾žйأ
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Ȼ֪ȷǰȥˣȴ֪ʲôӲ뵽˴Ӱ졣
٣ô°ü΢ʵ
Ҳ׷¶ޱȺɫ
ѪռǱ񣬳ϴѪ粱ߣѪռ˺óһʱ⣬ǵڶΣôɱ¾ֻҪһ㻳֮Ӳ֮һ;״Ρ
ԺǾͻ֪ˣ
Ƭ̣Ҫľ취Ѫռ´򿪣ȥ̽ԭ𣿡

ҾǿЦãȻ˵ҲǿҲֻǷ׷׵ͷ
ҿԸߴҵΨһһ㣬ܹѪռ䣬ôѪ±ؽʹսᣬǰǰ㡮Ұղ紵ԴһҪȫԸѪŶײκκ󻼣
˵䣬ʰȻ¶ɢһǿƣڳ֮˷׷״ͷȥһʱ֮侹ǲӡ
֮
˹Ӧŵ̬ȼֱ˼㡣
ѪӥǹһΪ˸
ĵͷ˵һʱ䣬ѾѪռһˣƻʽʼҲвµʱ䣡ԣڼ䣬ǱҪãȵһ㣬Ҹղ˵һѪռ
Ҽ˼棬ûʲôʵİ취΢΢һЦŲٶԡ
Ȼʱȴ㿴ңģþû˵
Ψ£ƺ룬ԵȻҲ֪֮ǰʲôҪ±Ҫϣ
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üëһкΰ취
Ѫ¸Ȥķ棬Ūǲò˳ȥ鿴һ˳ƽҲԳô˻һףԼ꣬ӶѪµʵ˼һ˵
⵹ʧΪһߣ˵أͷȥ
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ѪһӦ
ҲûѪӥѪԼѪ˷׷ҡͷ
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ʼ磬Ҫɽ»ƹܲסջ󣡡
У֪ˣһȥŰţ
ף΢ԥһº󣬻ǼԵǻҪ취Ѫռ̬ƽȻ»أ
ƽȣ׷ʵ
ңȥ˭
ЩĿУֱһƲ죬Դ첢ûʲô̬ȣŰ۵׷ʲô֪ҿԼȥѣ

Ѫһ͵Ϊµ̬ȶæ΢صһЩ
ȻȴֻǿЦûʲô˼
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»䣬ѪǽӿڵûĻԽ֮УǿԽ˸֮ļƻṩͻᣡܹѪʵĻҲһЩ
˵Ķ
΢΢һЦ׵뷨Ϊ٣ŶʮǷɢȥӲע⣬һҲǵǱʲôĻҲԸѪһЩش
ôˣ
Ѫü΢ҪôŻãã
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1809 һǧѪ£
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ԣȻɽȥͬˮϴһ֮⣬ڴ˵ʲô
գɽȻƽûʲô𣬵ȴԶԶв˳߼ٶȫſٶȣγͬһ㣬ǧ֮ࡣ
ܿһǧ˱ɽţŸ߲ǧ׵ɽ壬Щûһ飬ͬҲû˵κλ
Ϊ׵ĺȻɽʣµ֮һĽ¡
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˷׷Ӧŵɢ˿ȥֻɽΪģԲ֮ڶЩѪ֮ȫΧӿе˿û©
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Щ˵Ķ°˵ͷ漴ǰ˸˷Ը

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ΣĶһҪûȥ
ۣܿǴŰ˸˻ɽɫѡ
ͬʱɽƴܲĻУһӰ֮УȴҲŲٵӰ
Ҽ̫ϳ쾣Լ˺ȻУ֮⣬⻹жľľƣԼľ̫ϳ϶ľ֡
ΧǷɢ˲ٵˣҺͶľɵһǧ֮ڡ
ϸ磬˵ѪµĻϵ𣿡
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ȻϢ˵ѾˣȻд
ߣһģɽҪľļ϶뾡һа취ʧȥĺº²ԣڤлʯ͡ת١ջ󽫻ģҪȻôýԴ˹
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˷׷׵ͷʱҲ»صߡ
ûȼӣǾѾˡ
Ծ
ºͣ½ŲܼžһУһĨء
ã֣
Է˽еأһ¡
ৡ
˼ͬʱǰ
쾡ԡнâͬʱһǽǽУͬʱľڽº棬Ƶչơ
ĸϼһ
ɫһ䣬гһѪɫĳԥ˲ڿգڶ㿪˵ĹƺȴȻһŤתŶľϮȥ
Ͼصʵڳλ̫ϳ϶Ҫ߳һߡǲִӦԣҲԵüΪǿƣΪֵԵʣԵһսʤ븺»˵
Ͷľˣڴ˿ǰ˸ʥصĺˡ
ʩչǿĹƣһ˲ǽǰúһɹɵӲЩķΧ
ţľҲиֳٵӡǰĹʹǰ˸˸޿ɶ㣬ҲΪ͵ϮԵʣڲӵʱУѾǸ϶˺üѪڡ
ЩԾϸ磡
ľü˸һһʹûУע⵽ûУЩƹЩԶ㿪ģǾȻֻ֪ӲȻܹסҲһּİ
Ҳˣ
ɫȻĵͷǵʲôֻҪȫɱ˾ǣôأ
˵ǣǾɣ

˴ЦУٴչ˸ǿĹƣǰ˸˱ڹкȴԽ뱻
ߴսʱԭǱ⸽ǧȴǰյڶ׼ƻɫĳɽ⻺ȥͬʱʸ쫷ҲõϢ׷״׼õĵطֱӲɽǧѪ֮ǰ¸оɽеĴսȴҲû취ȥæ
ܿ죬ɽһҵĻսС
ҺͶľǧˣټϻʸ쫷һвǧ֮ڡ
Ѫ֮ҲһǧοǻʸʱУȻп񽣣ط磬ľԼʸ橺ͻʸܷܷ½֡
һʵ棬ѾԶԶĳЩѪ֮ˡ
ԣ˵Ǽһս˵һֲҵɱ
ڿ֮˺ĹУûһѪ֮ǵһ֮УټϵѹЩѪ֮ڸһֵʱ㳹·硭
ѪȾԲףֲҽ֮ڶ̶̲ʮӵʱ䣬ѾʬҰѪɺӣ
ľ·һѪѣиǳŻѪϢƽԭɫɽȾ޵һ㣬Ҳ̶á
ɱ¾һʼ˽һʱſͣ¡
һǧѪ֮ˣһȫɱļȴҲʧһˣѪµһǧˣЩʧȫڳܷΧڵġ
񽣣ǽȥ
طϵѪ˿˵ҲЩɭ
ã
΢ʸʸʰĲоֺ󣬱Ǻһͬٵĳɽȥ˷׷¶˸־Ľ
ǿǿ߰ǻ֪һӣܴܲﵽ̶ֳأ


1810 䣬Ա֮䣡
ֻս׼ȷ˵ɱʱɽеսȴҲǸӼңΧǱ߸
쾣ԣԼľĴ̫ϳͬʱ֣ܹķȫȻȴƾصʵǿƵֿȻûа취ҪɱʱȴҲǲôܵġ
ء
ǿĳɣⷽԲΧľ٣ִСһĿӶϳ֣жԽԽɱϢ
ԽԽǷŭ
ʵǳֵһ˲䣬Ѿףνġڤлʯ͡ת١ǸնǹųͶģ
뵽Ѿˡ
Ҫ뿪ٴڿǲôܵ飡
ˣȻÿһʵҲ̫࣬ǿ֣ҵλ̫ϳϸΪĬý¸оһǰδеΣ

Ҫɲĸ̻ӭ˵Ĺƣòݱܷâ
һȴҲýԵøΪǱ
ΪºͺµΪԼѾ㹻߿Щˣû뵽ν֣ȴڸΪ
ܹһֱռ۷λãһ߶ľ壬治ôģ
ҾͲˣôǿ
˸ѪâΧһʵʵĽѪɫâ·Ϊĵķŭ˽֮κʱ򶼸ҪǿһЩɱ⡣

Ȼ䣬ǱȻٱſռľҲ޽һ㳯ǿնȥ
Сģ
쾺ԼͬʱȻоĿֲȴκλҡ
μٷ˵ͬʱ˫ϸӡôڶһʵķ֣һ˲ǽǿֲĽѪɫâ
ϡ
һ̶Ľ֮Ȼ𣬸ֲʱĽ
µĽȫһ÷ֳ˺ЩѵĺۼǾӿУȴ̲סɫһ죬һѪ˲ٴμӿ˷˵ٶȣòײŽǹɾĲˡ
еֶΣ
Ѫâ˸Ȼٴ٣һ޴ĽѪɫâֱϮ
£ң
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磬㣡ģ
״æȳ
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ո£ͷųǿԪѾǽѪɫľ޴âʵʵĺһ𣬱һĿֲ죡
ĲԽսΪĳܼ俪ǿĳ˲ǷԲʮ֮ڵһУȫ촷Ʈɢ涼ܲסֳƵģһһѵĺۼ֡
ֱֲֿϣ
û°ɣ
ʱ֮ǰԶһЩĶľҲ˹೯ǽչƣܼǹȲѵУҲֻܺ޵תľӭ˹ȥ
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кâһк쾺ˣһͬķŶľֵĽٴνǸǿĹչֳ
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Ϊ˷ֹһʱҲʹ򣬷һʲô⣬ֵĻᶼûСϾǽֻһɽ֪᲻ء
һߣͶľ֣֮ǰù䲻ǰ˸ȫסýϵĹǺǴȥ˲СĴˣȻȴû뵽ǣڽһ˲䣬ԭΪԾôȫɱɲǣǺ϶ȻͬʱɫĹâֱӳǸǾֱ˳
һȴǸͶľƴȥ˼ķ֮ڸܵһ𵴡
ô
˾ʥ۷壬Ϊ֮¸֮㲻̫ɣ˸ʥʵĺӦòʲô⣬û뵽
ô
˳ԷȥͬĹʵ

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ϵܣŪǣЦгչֳޱȷϢ
ãЩˣһ
ľƵͷ𽻻һ󣬱ǺԥֱϮ
գۼ䣬ǱѾǳǰ˸ǰԵĳ˼ΪǿĽâ˲ﵽ۷壬γһʵʰ಻ѹȫ
ϡ
㼤սУͶľƽǸԵٶʩչ˼£ñǿһЩʵڰ˸м⴩󡭡
ԽԽľ
ԽԽü
ԣǲˣ
ʮӹȥüûʹУû֪·һɱ¾Ƶģֻ֪ɱ
͸ղǵĸоһ
ľƵͷӦǱҪ취ȻôȥᱻģһԪľǺ룡
˲ʹüͶľƵĳϻŪɼǵ˿ڣѪӿȴûһ飬ֵٶȶûбһ㡣
֮⣬ҪǣϾ˫ĸʵҲ̫ࡣ
˵ĹǶȼΪ꣬¾߶ľƵĹֱӴ̴ӣȴǸûκӰ죬ܶȥһ£ɰǵĹ·Уһ߶ľܹкˣǺĹҲ˴ȥ鷳
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֮⣬˵ҲΪĬܹͶľ󲻵ĽǶȳֹԽΣգ˵ʵȷҪһЩѾ߱ʬˡ
ǵʲôˣѪȴЩͬ
аѣľҲǲһӡ
ৡ
ϡ
ǰ˸ȫ֪ƣƵģϮ˼ֻԷΪһ֮ǰЩʤƽԽĳһƫתˡ
Ȼ䣬˺ƽӵʲôȻ乥ƸΪѸͣޱĬУͶľ˲òԽˣСܹķΧ
ôģ
𲻶ϰţϵĶȴ˿ͣ١
ľüϸ磬ǲôȥ
ǻܡ
Цһ£ûĻ˵꣬ǰǰһ˲٣˲һ㼸ֻգۼǰ
ã
ɫ˲䣬ǷԵļٷˡ
ȴˡ
䣡
һ죬ٽǰĺ˾˲ֱԱ
ֲĺɽΪ֮һһ޴ĢƼź˵Ա𣬽Եӿľ˱׵塭
أء
ߵķһ㵹ɶ𲻿˿ڣѪӿ֮ȴǽŪͬѪ˶ƵģϢڴ˿̶΢˲١
һʥصԱǿ˹


1811 ǿȫ
Ǳĵڵϣɫ԰ײѣ֮ǰ̬˿Ѿǲǰ
ȿȡ
У˼һۺ󣬾ǿԿԷеֺȻ֮ɫ
ôû뵽˾ȻԱһԸǣ
ⲻԵԼѰ
Ծûи̫˼ʱ䡭
ʣµ߸ѾǱƽǰͶľڰչ˽֮ղŸѸ͵Ĺƣ
ƴˣ
˸˼Ӳǿг֣ΪԱ˵ǣ˿̶ǿȺȣԼƵʷ棬ԶԶղš
ֻٴνֵһ˲䣬Ѿǳ·磬˵ʱ䶼ûУ
˵ԽΣա
ΣԾҧţûκ˼
ϡ
ء
ֹƺʩչΪ޷õʱָԵʣ˵ɫԽ԰ףһѪɫ
ô˵ûʲôĻ಻ʱ˱֮Σˡ
һҼһľ˵վ۷ʲôʱôǱˣ
ˣ
תۼʮӹȥ߸˵ĹУԽΣյλȴǺȻ˼Ϥ
ৡ
ţ⼱ٶֻգۼ䣬Ѿλǰ߸˵Ĺȫ¡
λȥϢЩһˣ
ֳؽ
ԣȥϢɣĵĽｻǣطҲ֮˵
ǿ񽣣ط磬ľʸʸܷܷˣ
ŰɱǱǾֱһ㼰ʱȻͶľ˿»Ļ֮ǣ
˵ĵľǳ׷ĵĺ˿ȥͬʱϥóһЩҩι㿪ʼˣ˿κε
߸˴ʱͬʱסֵĺһЩ¶˫Ѫɫ˫ضڿ񽣵ϣӿеֺɫâԽǿʢǺƸһɭ֮С
߸ˣô֣
ֳؽŤͷʵ
ʲôֱ֣ϰɣ˭˭ģ
طһĨЦ⣬ֳֳһʱ䳯Ǳ߳ȥ
ӣ
״˶ʱˣʸܷܷµӸ磬㲻Ҫ

طЦѣȴѾнâƶһɲǱ㽫ǿĽϮ϶ʱ˺üѪڡ
ʣµҲֻĸˡ
ҪֵĻ¿Ҳֻһһ
Ȼû뵽ˡ
ط綯֮󣬿ȴǰ̤ǰȥ
ÿһǧƵģҿϽʢÿһǿʢ֣ͬʱҲ᳤߼֡
ĸǰɲǣԭ׶ΣȴѾ˲׵ĸ߶ȣеؽҲ֮󣬱ޱȿֲƣʣµĸȫڡ
񽣣۸ǣȻÿ񻯣
ʸܷܷ˾죬ߵĶľʸ˲òͣ½Ų
ľͻʸҲǿЦãֻŻʸܷܷ˺һЩ˼ǲ˼Ͷľ࣬ԪˣϾ˳ɹ˴ԵĴؾɹ򣬳ΪǿߣΪͶľԾɴʥ򡭡
ԣ˵ĳְΪղǺԱܵƣҲۿɼٶȻָţ֮ԼָȷҪ˲١
Ѫ񻯺Ŀ񽣣һ㣬ŵֲֿƣǽĸȫ񲻹ζ޷Ĺһ
Ȼ֮ǰͶľƷǰ㣬ĸ˸Ͳ֪ʲôֱӶѹ񽣺ԥĳ˹ȥ

Ȼ䣬͵˫־ٸߣؽĹâֱչ¶ŭһɽն¡
䣡
䣡
һ̺ǿһ㣬ĺݺĸϣ
һݺݲ֮ĸֻһ˲Ĺ򣬱Ǳ÷˳ȥͬʱ˵ֱƵģڵɵĹзֳѪܵ롭
Ѫһ·ֱ˰׹أһأ񽣵Ĺͣ
һĻôҿ𺳲ѡ
ȻѾ˿ɱ˵ΣôǿƵĻɱĸʥأȴ״Ρ
Ļʸ橲¶һỊ̃ȴδ˵Ϊ֪ͬЩѪµˣǵˣ͸
ֻɱ˵ķȷ̫ѪһЩ
򡭡
ʱ˿̣ͶľҲָòˣע⵽ǿɱĸ˵һĻǲһ̾Ц֡
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ڣ⼸Ѿﵽľ磬ⲻλЩεĸоֻԼˡ
һߣطǰǱӰľһɫâܵ˿ǿɱĴ̼˲ڿգıɫâƶȵмӰ콣
ݡ
ڡ
ɲǼ䣬âֱϮѸײڶٶȣգ۱ֱӴ˵塭
ֻһѸٵĳϵȥҲûκվĿܣ
ڸղŵĿ˵˿طɱַȴҪºһЩûûʸܷܷ˵ʲô
Դˣ˱ȫ𣬺κνҿԡ
λû°ɣ
˺󣬿񽣺ط߻صľǰ
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ЦЦʵѾЩϼһǿϲɺذԸѪ˼ְգ
ٺ١ⶼĹͣ
һЦʮǫͷ
ֻϧǡ
ʸ橺ĳǡֺڳȴһĬ
Ϊ˰޿ռ䣬Ϊ˰֮Ƿ׳
Ȼǲ࣬ɶǴ˵ȴһ޷ǵѣ
ʱǰļսкȻһƺߣǶľ⧲֮£ֱӻУεɿײ˺üôſͣ¡
ס
ľƼ״ʱɫ˲䣬һͬ˶ľߣûʲô̫صƣô΢һ
ǰϢǹȥ
˫кâ˸
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˷׷׵ͷǶľЩżȴû˵ʲôʱǱǳǰȥһӱѾսС
ôˣ
ˣԵüһ£
ͻƵһأ¾֣ܹǽ֮˵Ķ֣
ǰ
ԵĻ˾ЩЦ
ߣ
ԼˣΪоѾעϡ
ߣΣ
һǿƵӿ˵ĹƵº󣬱һֱĳǰɱʮ㡭


1812 ɱ
ã
оɱ˶ʱɫ䡣
ϾʵĲȷ̫һЩ񵥵ϵɱԵֿĸо
ɢ
طһ£˺ԥĳ˸ȥ
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ط磬ռ˶֮λ
񽣣ռϷȸ֮λ
ľռ˱֮λ
ʸʸܷܷãռ׻֮λ
ǽ΢΢һУȴǺԥǿƳ֣нѪɫâſռľҲޱȿ񱩵ٶȳڵλúȻϮȥ
ģ
˼״
򣡡
֮е
˵ʵʼջǲһЩ
Ҫס¹ĻҲֻʹôһΨһİ취ˡ
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Ӱ֣ط硣
֣ǿ񽣡
ˮ֣Ƕľ
˫ӽ֣ǻʸ橺ͻʸܷܷ
Ĵ򼸺ͬʱ֣ٽǰĽѪɫâ˲ǸԵУͬʱ˽֮ܿǽѪɫâȫȻʧ˸Ǵȥһ֮⣬ûκá
򣡡
ŭһû룬һɲǵĹܲͬԵ֮˲ͬʱ㽫
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Ҫһ㣬ĸȻûһԳļ
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˵𣬽ˮˮľľ
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Ĵ̺ŸԲͬԣȴศɣȫܹͬʱʩչͬʱ֮ԼУϢѭ״̬
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磬㡭
״ü

û쾿ڣԱü΢ĵǲĸ򲢲ȿ˵ΣգٳҲü
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˺ԥӡĴ֮Щƻûִǰ֮ʣѾ˺ܶ࣬ʣµģƾſǵȴҲΪɣ
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ৡ
˽һ񣬶ͬʱ˶
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䣬ĸศɵģý¸оһǿҵΣ
ৡ
˿ŸԵ򣬽֮תһޱǿƵĹศɵ£Ⱦƾ֮ࡣ
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һԪľ޷õʱĻôȴĿ¾ֻ֮һ;ֱȥµĺˡ
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ͬ籩ĿֲУһ˫еѪâԽԽŨɢԭĽѪɫâҲ𽥱ŨѪɫȡ
ʱէһͬѪƵģһּǿ塣

һŭһֲѪɫ籩Х֮Ӵ󾡽ɢĸ򶼲ԼͬĲ·ʱ˶Ƶġ
ĿĿ񽣵ˣԵĸо˱ɱǷ·ԼѪҺҪһ㡣
ܵˣ
ۣɫ˽һ
мӰ콣
طȳ֣ǿĽâХ֮ӿ
мڤ
ľ𣬿񽣽ų֣һ޵һеǿƶ
мޣ
𣬻ʸʸܷܷˡһɫĳһ㣬ޱȴ۵ĽâҪȫһ
мˮǹ
ˮɶľ֣һˮԵĳǹǰֳǹ⴦ŵ㺮⣬ν޼᲻ݣ
һɲǡ
ǹ̳֣Ÿǿԣศɵľ޴Уǰδе
һ̣ؼֻʣƵģΨһĿֱָ£
ǿ
ҲǱסˣ֮ɫ

ɫһŭɴ˿Ĵ󴫳мͬʱУʵǸ޷һָͷôѡ

һɲǼ䣬Թâ̻Ѥ֮ʣֻһǿ͸ǲöĿĹâУһ˲ĹǷֽ⣬·ΪЩѤõһ֣ɢ֮С
Ĵ󴫳мͬʱóศɣĴ֮һصĸ־ʹɢһƬû£
һĻ˿֡
ܿ죬Ĵɢȥ
˵³֣ԱߵȺŵ𣬶ľľ˿ֱûнȻ֪׷ʲô
СһȻôǿˣ
źԼһֵˣ΢΢һЦο
Ǻǡ
˶һЦɫȴԵüΪ԰ףȻղŵļѾǵļޡ


1813 ֮
Ҽæ˷ãι뼸ŵҩɫ΢תһЩ
ôˣôˣ
ʱһżûʸʸһЩ˿첽
үү
ʸ橽Ľһñʮ簮ǵĻʸΪżˡ
ʸϵܣİɣֻ΢Щƣѣ޴󰭣Ц˵
ãá
ʸһųǹʾŻΧǲаܵһУʵأò˰ɣ
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Ҳ׷׵ͷҪɽ˸ϹǿɾΣˣ
Ҳ˵ǻ᲻ɽµĶ֣ڻûеɽһƴʱ
߳ɽ𣬶ľԼʸΪ쫷˱ʾл֮󣬴Ÿɢȥ
Һͻʸôˣȫһȥ˶ľؽϾƻչѾֻһµʱˣЩ˽ΪѪռ໥Ҫһĥϡ
ƽĹϵҲܺãҲ໥ʶȴҲ໥ʶѣĥϻҪʱֲ
һ㣬ز٣
صľ֮󣬶ľԷԸ˰ź˴ҵʳ⣬ָһʮĵԺϢ𣬻ʸһͬһԺ䡣
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Ȼˣ
ǺһЦľһһĽɽڷ鶼˳ûʸôЦѡ
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ȻʸҲûʲô˼
Ȼ˵һҲδɡ
ĵԾѪ£ΨнȫšһѪµĿܣ
Ҫ˭ΥĻؽ롣
û뵽ЩϼһһӣȻˣ
һ̾οĵҲãʼն˵£
ǰǣҲص֮ǸԵļʹûˣֻϧؼҺԼҡľҲ֮˵Ӧ˵ε̾̾
ؼҺԽ㱻Ѫ֣֮۷ľԳ衣
Ҳð̾
ʸǺһЦۺԼп񽣣ؼط磡ŵȽѪ֮ڣԼҺؼһָܹܿٹ⣡
ʱһҪվۣ֮˵
ԣ

ľƺͻʸͷ
ʱȻ۷˽ﰵϣҲⲻһʵǱǹͬˣ
Ѫ£Ǹκν٣ͺһеԼһ

ˣˣ
ڶľת۱ǹȥ˺üʱ䡣
գλżƻʱȻ˶ľ
ĶľѾΪ˶ľļ̳ˡ
λҵȫһ
ż
ľ첽ǰľƵü
λǰ²ã
ľ˵ݶϢѪʼֻҪвļ̱𣡶̶һʱ䣬˲ǺöԼ˶ⲻң
ĶٲȻѾһƬ޵Σ
ľ˵λɫʱ䡣
֪ʲôԭ𣿡ʸüʵ
⻹˵
ľ϶ƽ£Ѫµһǧˣɽŭɶɱйߣ
˵ļǣ
ľͷصҲôΪģвٶ˳ǨƣΨ⵽ѪµĶ֣
ɽǷ˰
ۣȻѾ֣ɱ¾ض𼫴ߣѪʵǿΣѵܳ׽϶еȫ˲ɣ
ڸô죿ľʵ

λ΢һһ󣬵֪ˣȥæɣ
ã
ľͷ漴뿪ˡ
ͻʸɵó˸ԵĴʼϵǸԵļ塣
ֻһ仰ҺʸЩ֮ˣ¸ƿصļԶǴһ԰һҪ֤ǵİȫ
֮˲ȥߣҲȻȻĻöľ΢һЩ
֮٣Һͻʸڽʱڵٴδ
̫ĻҲһЩɧңͻʸҲ֮Գ֣Ҫ֤򣬾Բ˶̫Ļҡ
Ҫһ㣬ҪֹѪ֮˳Ǳ룬롣

֮䣬˭Ҳû뵽ģ
±ɽ¾ֻʣ°ôһˣȻܹ뵽ɽ»ޱŭ˶չҵıɽ¾ȻɱķʽйߣôҶʮֵ𾪣ҲǿǶ϶еǡ
תȥ
ľʸԼר̸Ϲҵλһ
ľվһԣʸ橺ȴǽڡ
ΪһͷǱԶ֮ࡣ
֮ǰҵĵ򣬹ЩȺУץס˲ѪµˣȻװĺ񣬿ϸļУЩѪ֮һܹɹ
ܶһһıɱ֮˷׷ֽкá
ôһҲһҪȴһ塣
áɱӺݰɣ
Ϊľܹؼ˭ҪǸŪһ۶ӣôȴıؽǾԵϳͣɱ
ڹˣߵô죿˼˵ü
ܷģ
ЦѾȫźˣʲôĻҿԸϻȥ֤ᵢ󣡡
УСԼŰǣ
ʼ磬ӹɵģ
һѾʼٵļ񣬳Ҫʱ򣬷һжԼҲûʧһΡ
ԱߣľƺͻʸҲ޲ڡ
ʵԾʥ֮⣬Ѿһݡ
ľͻʸСˣȴûһļ֮ģϾǴҶˣͶľ֮䣬ΪĹϵһֱֵơ

ʱԺиľ˹һԷԳٵĽֳ


1814 £
Ľֳ
㶣ҲЩ΢
˴ûΪǴؾ飬ҲֻǼ򵥵˽һЩѣ¾ڣҲֳ֪ݡ
񣬼Ȼôܲһ
ԣڼͷ󣬶ľƱǰֵǽ
ǡ
˹Ӧŵʱȴĵ£ҳȥǰɣϾǶľأ˵ݻûŪһҪǡ
ϸ˵ļǣ
ľƵͷҲһ𣡡
߰ɣҲȥ
ʸҲԥĵڶľǱҲһģȴǱ
߲ƣǶľ壬ɽûг׼֮ǰҲΪܿ죬λ˶ľ֮⡣
֮УȴǼһһŮЦݵΧľ£̬ͷ·ƵģȴǶ߿һۡ
ǣҲĵȷȷĽֳϹʥ֮ӣԼòײŻѵӺجu
֪λǡ
ߵǰ˹֡
ڻԪ½ϵ֣ҵӣجuλֻЦ
Ͼ൱ΪˣΪĹϵҲλ
Ըȴ޷дܹѾ㼫Ϊˡ
ԭСѣ
ףʵ֪λк飿ڲڣмµĻλԵȣȥ֪ͨΣ
鷳ˣ
ЦЦֵ֪Ѫռ䣬Ҳ֪׼ԸѪ¡
˵ţȴλɫһ
֪ͷǱѪռ飬Ϊ֮⣬ҵ˶Ȼ˵ƶǴӺδ֪ģ
ʱѪ֪֮񲻻ЩǱ֮˴ȥв
λؽţ
һ٣ǵɫ΢΢һЦұȥصģȴߣԲðţҵֵܣҷ򸾶Ҳдȥ֪ͨѪǱߣֺαԼ

Ļλ΢һЩһۣʵǲ֪СкҪ£
ʲôʱܻʵ
Ͳ֪ˣҡҡͷ
˵ûѪ֮ǰǲˣ
üһֱû˵ȴˮĺجuһۣúجuͷżλʵʵֵ飡񣬼ȻҲֻܺλ˵˵ˣ
Ŷ
Ļλһ㶣ʵ£֮˽£ǿֻе˵ˣ
Ҳ˽£һһϢһѪµϢ
ѪµϢ
ǣ
ͷԵ׾һĴ棬ǰȥɽ֮УʲôطӦòҶ˵˰ɣ
ˣλͷżɱ˼Ѫ֮ˣһʥ֮˵ļлϤ׼һδĶһɹؽǣԼ򣡡
ʲôæʵ
ͲǺˣ룬븲۷йأҡҡͷ˵
ˡ
λЩĬϾǳҲ֪˵Ǽ١
ڶ£ǶԸѪ
һطʱٺ粻ͬһգһ죡ңŨȼߣʮң
ԸĻѡҰ˽ҲṩһЩ
˵ʱλ𾪲ѡ
֪ʱģֻλ̫ϳڵռ䣬Ϊ첻ԵʣҲû취ǰ˵üˡ
ҪģռŨȻȷҪһЩҲֻıѣ˵ǸطȻʮ֮ߣβλе𾪣Щɣ
ϣôĵطΪΪ۷֮ǣδ˵
£ȥĸãǣǰڻԪ½ʱҲԵ
Ȼô˵ˣô϶Ǽٵģ
΢֯һԺԵ֪ǵطںδСѿɷó֮⣬ľʸ֮һ룿
ǿֵܵϣŵģ
ǵطֻһͬʱһˣŨȱήͺܶ࣬⽫òʧ
ҿ⹫ľƼæ
ҡ
ʸ죬Цҡͷ˵ʵڵ˵׽Ĺϵ
ɣľͻʸѡʮˣʮˣΣ˵
ãô죡
λǲ˼ĴӦַַҲǹƽ
СѣˡðĶһ䣬˵ĵطںδǰȥʵҪʲô׶Σ˶ٺʵ
ʥɣ
˼Ƭ̣֮ȥˣҲʲô̫ʥȥˣȴǿܶ࣡ңҲֻܶʥãʥ£˵ּͻʥԪ۷壡
㿴˿ɷҲȥܷ򣿡
ʵ˻ȴʳ˶ľƺͻʸ˵Ŀ⼸һɲǼϡ
˵ʵڵģУ
ȻʧȴԾɺܳʵҡͷ
ҲգϼһĻԵδ
Ȼ֪ϣ󣬵Ծɻǲһ̾

һ£˲۾ٴһʱ򣬻Ե֪һʵǽ˾ɣһÿֱƿʥ֮ͻƳɹ֮򣡿ɡʵȴҲǰһΣ
ô桭
Ļ˾Ǳסˡ
ǴӸԼ崫ĵ伮УûпʵоϣǾûһ˿һĻɡ
ֻϧϹʱڣʵҲϡ٣ھ͸ˣ
˵пܹõĻôֻһ

һͷ޵ֵҼд˵һˣ˿ɱȣҵĻһ˿ᣡ
ˣʵҷһߣ
˰֣СѣǼղǸɣǸطĶΪϼһû˵ôڣ
Ǻǡǿ϶˵ֻûǷȥѣ
һЦ³

һЩ죬ע⵽ͺجuЦЦ͵Ժһ˸˲ɴ˫ۣ㣬Ǿʲôˣ


1815 ʥۣ
Ȼ̬ȣȴߵĶľʸ΢΢Щ㵡
˵ʵڵģʶֻΪļμ⸱ģͻ򣬶û
ϸ磬ôˣ
ʸʵ
ľȻûпڣ˫ȴŲڻʸĺ֮ɫ
ȻȴûˣĿƵĶ俴Ƶġ
Ѿ뵽ҵݣ
΢΢һЦû뵽ھȻ˼ǵң
㣬ǡ㡭
ЩⲢǾ£š
ǺǣʵҸղž͸ˣҽЦţ

Ц߶飬ȴԳҡͷ˭ܹ뵽ȻǱأ
˵ϸ磬ڴʲôհ
ľƺͻʸԽˡ
ӡ롮Уܹ뵽ʲôڵõİԵͷų˵
뵽ʲô
˶һۣԵʮɻ󣬵漴ɻ֮ЩЦĿУɵһʲôƵģ˲˫ۡ
㣬Ϲʥ
˾𾪡
ôܻڣһԵô᣿ôܣǲΪй¶࣬⵽Ǵȫ𣿡
ʸ첻ѣڡ
ȷǼĵ伮ؾ˵ǰ㣬Ըղ֣ҲûʲôӦֱղ˵ˡһʱϵϹʱڵʥ
ǵȷ⵽Ǵҵȴܹһ˿겻𣬾ʱڻָһ㣬ֱǰʶֵܣֵܵĴˣܹΣȻҪǡ
ˣߵĺجuجuĿԣ˵ҸҪǣҺܹһ𣡲ңٷ룡
û뵽Ȼʥǰ棡
סе𾪣æȼʥǰ
ˣض񣡡
ڰֵֵܵĳԺͱôˣѾûʥֻ
ǣ
ԥһ£ǵͷӦ
ǰԣǿ˽ⲻǰʲôӰһ
ԥʵû˵꣬ЦŴϵıǣȻЩӰ죬ѾΪˣӰҲ̫ߣΪֵܣ㸶ʲô
΢˶٣ּҸղ˵ֻһǰҪһЩ֮һ׼ʱʱһ˽У
ãǼ̾ͻȥ׼ǲ֪֮ǸȥδѰӦ

Щɣܲͺجuһ˴ֱȥԪ½Ǳߵżɣ
⻹ǣ
ȥ
ɵʱ򣬺Ȼ伸һŮ
漴ռӶһŮӻⲽȴǱˣڣҲ۷̫ϳʸϵһ
ǰ
λҲǼڵģæ
ڶȻ㣡
جuգգۣȴϲѡ
㣬þò㾹Ȼû˵ȥң
΢΢һЦʾȥجuߣЦӯӯĵ֪һ۵ģѲɰӶˣȥң
˵䣬Ťͷһۣдһ˿ŭ
ֻȵߣ湻ȥǱסһʱ䣡ʼ磬
˭ţ
ߵǰʱƻһڿǰƻˣ
˺ˣǻǺǰһͳ˵ɣجuĵ
ϣҾͲһʶˣҲ򲻹ңǺǡ
ЦЦźجuֱߵһԡ
˿̣λ֡
һڵʶҿӦʶˣϹʱڱˡ
ڶһֱǶ֪ڵʸϣȴû뵽ȻϵϹʱڵʥʶǶڸ˼־⣡
֮⣬Ҫĵ㡣
Ƕʶ죬ҹϵΪ
ڱ֮ΪҲˣĽֳζԲȥεİɣ
Ҳֲ˵Ŵ˵ˣһȻǱѰ
ţ
λЩʱڵһ̷ɵǰҲʶֽס
պʹ⴫͵ȥʱǱ߿ͨ
£ڱ㲻ٶԣźجuԭʧǿЦһ£ּ򵥵һ仰ŽʧȻӦȥڵռˡ
ͺجuĳ֣űڣһзĺܿ죬·λڿӰƵģĴȻ¶Щɣŷǲǻˡ
ľϵܣˣȥѡʮպô˶ٺ󳯶ľ˵
ԣҲȻȥ
ʸҲͷ
ҿλ̫ż˰ɣ
ľƺǺһЦĪˣ֮ǰϸѡĲȥѡʲôֱҲܹЩѡΣ
סǰ
ͻʸԣʱЦõĽһ񣬵ȷǼЩˡ
ʱֻ죡
ľǻҪץʱ䣡
ߣ
ܿ죬˱㲻ٶԣһ»ص˶ľأ׼ԿʼѡˣڵҪʲôλĬĲδԣôʮɻľǼҲһͷˮ

պһ˵Ķѡ˳
ֱڣҶ֪ԭΨһ˽ı
˵ʮˣľͻʸʮˡ
λľѡд󲿷ֶԪڻߺ۷壬Ϊľǳô˻ͻʥ򣬸һЩ֮ԸѪµмҲܹôҶ汣ϡ
ȴûж̣ԼâѼ⵶еκһˣϾȥѪռ֮ǰµмûʱ켫˵ԻʺǴһЩ
磬⵽Ҫʲôʸü΢ʵ
˭֪أӦһ£
ľʼ硣
ĪҪȥʲôطͻƣ
˸һâ˿̵һеģֱֺģȴ缸Ϻꡣ
ڣЩ˼Ӻ֪ܿˣ
طЦԵȻǲ˵Ҳض£
طո˵ʱ򣬱㿴кȻֵǿ鴫񽣣㿴ǿǲǺϤ
үһ
񽣵ͷΪƶĵ֪ҪȥĶˣ
Ҳ׷ף鴫ǻ֪Ļǲأ


1816 𺳣µļƲߣ
ռС
УλǵһߣһǾ֡
ͬʱһҲǵҪȥʲô˼ĺ档ֻΪûж˵ԵʣЩȻҲҶʲôֻܹԹԵסһͬǰС
ৡ
Ȼ䣬һͷ޴ģžֻ۾֩ٵ˹֩ϻһСŮǿޱȾ졣
ʲôѽ
СŮʵ
ǷϹĳ䡣
ŷģҲĺ룬ΪĿ룡
˷Ļоֻ۾еĲƣҾЩš
֪Ǿ𲮲˵˰ɣỴ̂𲮲̶ڵŶ
˵䣬ı룬߿ȥ̣
ৡ
һӣ볯ǰԶʮ֮ࡣ
ǿѽ
֡

ԥһ£ջǴŴһͬٸϡ
֮⣬˴δ·˻жľƺͻʸΪģһǱʾأȴǹܺһˣֹʲôѰ·ľٶ
ϸ磬СŮ
ڷ󣬶ľü
˵
æѣľʱտڲԣǰԾɳޱȵɻ
ܹĸо࣬벻ͨǣΪʲôǰﾹȻĴڣ
̣̣ǴŶ
ʮӺ󣬴סԺ⣬ǴĴе
֪ˣԷԼȥɣ
ڵԺƮЦ볯ԶȥٶȽ֮ղŸ˲٣ҸЦԶԶ·һǵĿĹ
ܿ죬ڡԼجu˲߳
æǰ񣬶İҲǼæЧ£ϾԼҪԴˣǿɲ˿Ĳ֮
ˣضԣʱңͷλɣ
ЦЦǾֱҲȥ
ȥɣǾͲȥˣ
ڰڰֳλʾ⣬Ŵ˶飬ߣҲǧ׿һƽԭϡ
ƽԭ㲻ôȻէһûʲôĵطոߵ棬ȴܹԵĸоһĳӯһĶЩ΢
ʴ򿪿ռͨĵط
ЦԵգҲڴ˴׼һУλҲҪһȥ𣿡
ǿ𣿡̷ʵ
Եǿԣ̫ãȻɲõӰ죡˵
ãǾͷˣ
Ĳ֪ôƺ
ĽֳǻͰˣѣΪϹʥϹʱڣһĴڣ
ҲͲپڳƺֻá֮һ
ٶԣ˲ڿյɲǣӡ·һ˲ƽԭϵһ㣬Ŀռ֮ƿڳ˶ɫһ࣬λ׷¶˼Ϊ𾴵Ŀ⡣
֮
һӡɲǣȻȳ
ʱΪĵܿռ֮ٻ۶ֻգۼǳһռͨƽԭƽԭΧƳһΪ貵ĹâѤöĿ

³һ
λԣǺԥĴǰ˳ռͨȥһһʱȫûУҲһǿռͨŻʧͬûֹһ㡣
ΪռͨԵʣұǾֱĽ뵽УһʱĲҩ԰ڡ
ʵ˵ľҩ԰
һʱ֮⣬֮ʮ౶ŨȣȴҲΪҩ԰Եʡ
ȻƾĲĿ˵һˣһǧӦòû⡣
氡
ŨŨȣҸоҺʱͻƣ
ǰҲ
Ҳǣ
ǰ˱𺳲ѣһɴ˫ֱۣš
Ժǻ
õͬ⣬ŴǶҼǺˣҪҶһһľУŬϣ´μǵʱѾȫʥ򣡡
λǰ
ָṩֻͻƵʥ˲У𣿡
ף
ͬӦϼ֮ɫ
ܺãǾͿʼɣͻ֮Ի֣
º󣬰˱ԥϥŨУǼܿ붨״̬Ҳһ־⴦ҩ԰ת󣬱к𣬶ľԼʸ뿪ˡ
ҩ԰棬Ȼûҩ԰ʮ౶ŨȣȴҲ֮Ѱط࣬˶Ǻһ
λԸĻ΢Ƭ̣
ЦʲôʱȥˣֻҪﺰһұԽǣ
õģлˣ
ҲЦŵһú󣬱ξֱ뿪ˡ

ô죿
ѪռУɽѾٱչأµıȻȷܵһЩƣȴҲΪڶɱ¾ɽյѪ֮˵Ѫ֮׻ָʵһЩ
ʲôô죿
ɽüѪ¡
˾ѪñԻָ޿ռ黹û治˶ܻңôȥĻҵĲȣ»Ե
ʲôˣҪǸʱŪ۶ӣǾȫɱˣ
ɽУǲʲô뷨ұΪһ壬ֱ˵ǣ
ã
µͷǿ԰һ£ЩԼĳ
ô
ɽʵȴδش𣬷ֱӱ˫ۣ֯Ƶģһ˵뱾Ѫռ䣬һΪµָ֮ʱ߻ħ
ԱΪ
ɽѪأ
Żͼı
˸żΪǻ۵ĹâԵһٷųһϢǾҵ߻ħЧľᾲĲ飬ͻ
ȷЩԶɽʵ
ףѪµĸҪǣͱҪԸ𣡾ǲȴҲһȥᾲĲݺͱ飬ʱǾ㲻ܳǣȴҲԸһش
֮ǰΣҿҲּƲߣǲһȥ
ˣµ΢һ٣ֵǱߵЩˣһλᣬǻ
ϣϡˣ
µĻû˵̴꣬һżɽºͰ²üͷһ塣
Īǡֳʲôӣ


1817 Ů֣
ɽµ˲ʧŻֽŴ򿪣ȵʲôϲ㵽ô£
´ˣںöط˱ɱʲôӶ֪
˼æ
˱ɱ
ۣɱĶʲôˣ
ܶ࣬ʮ
æصʲô˻϶Լˣȫʵʥϣ
ʲôʥϣ
Ӳɫ䣬͵ץס˵ĲӣӲĴӵ۵˵ʮʥˣ
ǣǵģ
˱ŵɫ԰ףͷ
Ƿ
´ءһ½֮˺ݺˤڵϣ˿ɲ˿Ĳ׹֮æַ£Ϊµ
ղ˵ʲôӶ֪ʵ
ǡǵģˣ
ǣûʲô£
⣬⡭
˵ˣ˵Ͳֻ֪ܴͷ

βףѪâһҲûʲôǰ˱ػһҺֱӷɵ⣬׹أһѪ˳
ȻûҪҲֻʣˡ

ŭһǿʹ࣬æܿˡ
û취ܰҪٶһ˭֪᲻ʣµİСһ𶪵
ͬʱһߣԺС
죬ѪӥСԼѪۺѪСⱻֵķУȴԵüΪġ
Ǳɱʮʥ֮ˣԳ֣ѪӥṩжÿһζõļصĴɱֶΣ˵˿ˣһ˿û¡
ôҲǰ֮ǰķѪ֮˴ȥĿֻţҲܹоǿѹ壬ѪռУҲʱΣգȻԵȻЩʵʥϵǡ
ʹ죡ʹ죡
ѪӥЦһ֮ɱʮˣǿʮ߸ʥ򰡣
ǣҿֻҪΣɽǿ϶Ҳ᳹׻˰ɣѪЦŸ͵
¡
üղ˵ʮˣҲɱʮ
ʮ߸ѾˣдģѪӥҡͷ
ѵɱˣһ֪𣿡
üͷԽ壬ⲻ԰ȷʮ
ôܣ
ӣ˵ıҲ֮
ֻɱʮôҲͻĸ֪ôģ
˵ĸֻ⣬û˻ţ
¡
ºԵǲﻹԼ˳֣
ᰡ
Ѫӥҡͷ֮ǰԸˣǵǲóȻֵģһ֣ض룡
û˵ǵˣ
ѵˣ
Ѫӥ棬Ӧòʲô߼˽Ŷԣĸ˵ֵļһԾˣҲܻɣ
һʱ䣬ҾǳĬѡ
δ֪Ҳ֪Ǻǻ
ôȥĻһҪĶ֣˵Ǽƻǵļƻͬ
ڿʼһҪ콫ҳ
ۣԸ
ˡ
ոµʱյԺžǱˡ
ڻ˻
ʾ˶㽫糷ֳȥԺĴš
ˡܵܣҿýұ
쿪ŵɲǣһƣһĵֱĻ֮⣬⻹ŮЦӯӯһС
㡭ô
𾪣æ˽ԺŽϣָϽԺһ硣
ȿȡīƽ㣬ǲȷſң
ЦѣеŮŲĽһ䣬Ļ뿪ȥ
ܵܣþò
һŮĴк
磬ǵ𣿡ͬʱȫһŮҲЦ
㣬īƽ㣬ӣٻôᡭ
쾪㵲ѡ
ȻųֵŮǵѪʹǬ֮ȻʧӰ٣֪ȥ˺δīƣԼٻá
ȥ˺δֵЩʲô
ҪǣôȻѪռ䣬һһӽ֮˳
ѵǾͲĻᱻѪ֮˷
һϵе
֪ܵô
īƼΪĵ¶Ц̣ǺöŶһֱûԶأܵ㲻ῴŽǶɣ
˵䣬īƻǰСڸһģֱҼʲô˼ˣԲľܾκҪɣ
ðɣȳԶ
Цһ£ֱ㽫ָڵЩ˳˳óƣŮǲĿԣҲֻԱ߿š
òϣŮԶҲһּĵľ޴ܡ
¡
ģ۾һֱʵīƽ㣬ղ˵
ءǰôˣ˵ܵձǰأ
īƵͷȫûһŮģһһȣӦ
ǺǣܵʣǲǳɱĸˣԱߣЦӯӯʵ
ȻǶˣ
Цһ£㰡Ӧ͹Ұɱʮƫƫʮ߸ˣĸͷûҸˣ
⻰˵ī˵ȥҪһϲ򴽣µһȱҧ
īƽ㣬ɲǾϲǾŰ
ЦǵĻһ浣Ļҵƿأƻҵļƻʱ¸Ӹӣ
С
īֱƲƲ죬֪죡ߺߣ֪ǾͲ㿩㣡
ȹҪȥŪ㣿
켱æı仰⣬īȴһۣȥ
ðɣðɣȳţ
ʼ磬ķȥʱҲķ
ȻԾͷкܶɻ󣬵ĸɱҲȷǷĲ٣
㲢ʱ䵽ȥ˺δЩʲôȴԼˣһӹɣ
ܿȥŪһЩŮ͹ȥͬʱѪӥǸϽ뿪ϾڵԽţ˭Ҳ֪һ̵׻ᷢʲôûǲҪñ˷ǾһΪá
ڽǺŮ໥ܣûʱ򣬱ϾŮĴڣԽ֪Խã
һʱŮǳԱ㡣
ܿȴע⵽һ󣬱Ӧ޷ԶٻղžǳԵĲֺѾʵ壬ӦǱˡ
ȻȥɼΪģȴԵüΪƽͣһͲϲһ֣ǾԼװģ
ɵãҲʱľ˼ĺ棡


1818 ˫壬ɱ¾
ˣ֪϶кܶʵģ
Ա֮󣬴ָŮһ裬ֱǵϣīһƲ죬ʲôֱʰɣҲûˣ
ðɣҾͲˣ
ڨڨһЦʲôѪռһڵĿռ䣬˽ûб𣿡
ѪռѪ֮һѪѪɽµƿ֮УѪɫ嵱ݱʶҸ֮ôҲܽġ
УǰŮûһѪ֮˵Ϣֻܹɱôˣܹ׼ȷҵڵλãֱš
ϻ
ʻīƲƲ죬ҪǱˣܹ˵ܵܰʱû㾹Ȼôˣ

ʱͣŮһݸ
ˣˣ
Ц֮ī򴽵ⷽģ֮ǰҲΪŹԭӣҲǾݵģѪϢҲ򵥣ֱģǣ
Ȼī˵ɣȴҲףп϶ء
ϾطɲһҪܹô򵥵룬ѪôܳΪǵĸأ
С
Ҳʣ΢˶ٺĿȴЩɵٻϣһкܶ໰ʣȴֲ֪ôڵӣٴüŮЦ
ˣ֪ʲô
īһЦô˵ɣҺͺӺٻȥһĵطǽ⣬ڵǾ׽ãѪûκιϵ
⻰ʵڸ죬ٻһǿֵεģ
ȻҲе˼˵ͷ
ΪǱԣٻȻ˵ˣȴҲûʲôˣƽĳԳԺȺҲһҰ
ˣīƺȻ¶һĨصЦݣ΢˶ٺżǽһĵطܵܣ벻֪أ
˵䣬īƼΪĵĳȥɵڴỮ·ܹĵһŻƵģһһЦһһޱߵȻ󡭡
Һ챾ʵټҲϰīƵĴ˷ٶڵĳ㲻
īƽ㣬ͱڶˣЦ

īЦѣǰ˶ʱƵģҲҿֻһˣҪǻ˵Ļ¶࣬߻ֱѪˡ
ˣīƣ
Цҡҡͷܵܣ֪ʵӺٻӦ˵ԣԻ˫壡ֻͬΪԵʣӲ壬ٻֻ״̬
Ǭ֪ЩԺ󣬱ٻ˼ΪаĹ˵ľ
ٻѾõϴӺһͬصִ̥״̬״̬
ڵǣԵʵﵽʥأĹܹʱΪһ壬ұ൱صʵ
˵࣬ͣ
ȴѾþ֡
˫֮˵ƺǰڻԪ½İ׼ҰҶ޻˲ࡢҪǣҶȻֻ״̬ȴãݵıϸ磬ϹʥΪʦİҶѾΣԳΪˣ
ֻǣīƺ̵Ļƺٻû壬쿴Ҳȷˣ
ôأ
ΪһԱʵ֮˵쾪첻ѡ

Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣ˶ٺǼȻ׼ںδס£ɲУ˼ţһʲôҪû󣡡
ͷİɣ
īЦŵѾҵ˺ʵĵطҷѪҲ˶೤ʱˣ
ȷܰȫ𣿡첻ĵʵ
Ǻѡģ˵ȫīЦ
ðɣ
ʼ磬ֵǻǲҪ⶯֣Ȼһ΢е©»಻Ҫ鷳
У֪ˣ
Ůһۣ׷׵ͷʾס
Ůֺ˵һ뿪
ڵѡʲôȫĵطŮû˵Ҳûжʡ
ڣֻҪԼСģͲʲôΣա
ֻǣҲЩΡ
һŮǰʱ䵽ȥĶ־ЩʲôŮȴһֱ˶Ӳֱش켫Ϊƣ¾īƶһֱؿƿŪ춼˼׷ȥ

ʱ䣬ÿһֱӳ֡
ʼǴεʮˣȻҲɱĸеĵڶ죬͵춼ʮϮɱ֮С
ͬûһ˿һͺۼ£Ѫ֮ΣľأŶҳΨһɱ˾Լ
Ϊ˱֤ԼİȫҲûκιɣʱɱ¾ˣԶİ¶²͸һ˻Ķɱ͸˵ǰóʲôͶˡ
ܵȻֶأ
֮ҹʮ֣īŮٴιˡһ죬īƱϷʰ˵
ã
ǺһЦλǿʱģողѪӥ뿪ξͺϴβֻ࣬ٻòδһˡ
ʲôðγ֣ܹɱѪʮʥϵˣ
īҡҷߵǰϸСϻ촽΢ܵǫأǵŽǵαأ
ҡ
īƣʲô˵鶼ЩӲע⵽īİ𪹵֣ȴĵʼһŻֻΪҲûʲô̫ıֳ
ˣīƣ
īܵܣιмҪ
£УУ㣬īƽ㣬˵
ͷԸŮһǰ
ġ
豭΢һԵǾҪȥһѪ룡
Ѫ룿
˵ǣѪռѪƶѪ룿ﲻûʲôǰʱҲרȥ鿴Σûκη֣˷ȷЩ֮⣡
Ҳ
ҡҡͷѪô򵥣Ȼ룬ôܹѪƶ
Ҳɡ
üû˵꣬Ǵϵ֪Ѫвһܣܹҳ֮ԸѪҲаգ
ǵİȫ⡭ɵ
ڰȫܵ͸õĿ
Цܵ۷ʵǻҪ΢һЩŶ
ţ
⻰ʱ𾪲ѡ
˵ԣһֱ춼λ׼ȷʵȴܹһӽʵ׼ȷ˵컹ǺܳԾġ
ӣīƲЦ˳ԵܵܣҺ㺮ûôСŶȥѪ룬һһϲأ


1819 ˣƹ
գڵڶһ磬īƻȥˣڵȥѪǱʲôҲ֪
˵ǸϲȻЩ棬ĵȴλİȫ⡣
Ͼﲻʲôط
ѪǱߵķ缫ΪŹ֣ĳʲôΣգ켰ʱ֪Ϣ¸ϹȥҲˡ
ʱ䣬һߵǵİΣһȴǼѪ֮˵ϮɱΪԽԽĿֻţѡĿʵѾʥ򽵵Ԫһûܹɱ¾лɵĿֻŵȷҲԽԽѾòѪ֮ԳΪˡ
˵ֻֿŶȴһõϢѪӥ˸˼㣬ΪԼϾ쫷ԵʣЩ˶޲öһЧˡ
ֵһ˵ıٻˡ
ǲδīǰѪ룬һֱ֪ںδǱأ춼ûټһΣΨһ֮ǰ򵥵˵һ
˼˵⼸ͬҪҪ첻Ҫȥţ
⻰ŪʮĶ֪أôȥţܻܲרȥҰɣ

ʲôɣ˵ͷӣǷˣ
һҹոڴϵʱ򣬱ȻӵͷϹԶϢݺܼ򵥣ǾǳҪѪռ䣡
˭
ǿŮˣһ˵ģ
ʲôⲻû
ԴϹԶе֪Ϣ֮쵱ͷˣͲûֱŭ
ϹԶҲûͣŭУǱߺܿͽ˴ţһͶûһ
ƶôȻ뵽
вˣڹֵԽΣ𣿡
һҹշת࣬ô붼벻ףȴҲǽ޲ھͳ嵽ȥƸ
ˣúܿ죡
ڶһ磬ոƿŵʱ򣬳ƾѾǰ
СΪеԵʣѾ΢΢͹ԣȻϾֻµʱ䣬Ҳ̫ԣͲסϸ۲찡һǻóױ¶

һѽԺ䣬뵽˻ֵķΧƶʲô𣿡

Խ죬ƷЦˣЦͬһ
Ц㻹Ц
òУСķųԱ£㿴ڶˣǵĺѵͲҪ㵽Ҫʲô飬ֱӺ˵һˣ
磡
һЦǣ·ǵԹɣµģǵĺһԽŶ
ƶ㡭
Цѣȴ׵úܣƶƽռΪᣬȴһˣֻҪȥģвɱأûܹȰס
˺ˣ
ЦЦ컳У˫§סĲӣͷڿļϣ磬ķȥɣһܺ˵ԺԻˣ£ңǵĺӶкܴģ
Ҷ˵
üͷӽ壬¿ûô򵥡
ܣ
΢΢ҡͷ
ҡ
Цһ£ųȻᣬȴ쳣ᶨɫ˵ʲô
İɣΣյģ
ĵģ漴Сḧʮ죬ʮͻᰲȫ
Ǻ͡Ѫйأ
첻֪ΪΣȻ֮ǰīƵжڵĳϵһȻԼЩʼվлʲô

Ȼʻƺ˫һ
˵ˣ
ץסһ˲Եƶ㾹ȻҪȥѪ룿ѵʲô𣿡
ҡ
죬ЩЦ
ȷû뵽쾹Ὣϵһǰ˳֮⣬ӱϿûһ
˵ˣ
ӳƣƶ㻹Ǻ˵˰ɣֻҪܹ˵ңҾȥΣ
֪
ҧҧ˫
ԥĵͷһ磬ɻǵ÷ƹô
Ȼǵã
Ӧһȥ棬ɩӺجuڷƹָֻ̨ģ
ˣ첻˶٣Ȼ뵽ʲôȴֲöʡ
֪ǴӺζ
ţ
һȴԥһ£ʲôƵģ磬ȻµˣҾʵʵ˵ˣѪռѪ룬ʵҪһͨһͨƹĿռͨ
ƹռͨ
쳹סˡ
ȴǻԵ˵ҪᵽϹʱˣ
ϹʱڣѪŰݣƹȻ⣬ȴպգѪһֱͼΪĳЩԭ򣬲ƹ࿹
˵ĳЩԭ򡯵ʱ򣬳ƵĿޱӹ΢˶ٺֵ󣬵ʱѪ֮뵽һ취ôͨһռͨӰ͵ϮƹȻȻռͨˣΪĳ棬ȴѪ²òͨѪƶǱ޿ռڣռͨһֱûж֪
û뵽ƶѪƶǱߵ޿ռ䶼֪
쵹ǼΪ죬ڻŮ˵ظޱȵĺ档
Ǻǡ
֪ɻ󣬵ȴδͣȥѪ룬ͨǸռͨƹУ
԰ƶ
ԵϴβѾȥȥĻֺαطǵߣ
ΪһƹʱѪ֮Ūռͨʵǵģֻܽܳƻص
ǽȥƹѣֺαء
˵ţȴ۾һɫȴ΢䣬ƶ֪ˣ㲻ȥƹҪٵռͨ԰ɣ
߽У
ЦЦ磬ڶ˵ˣ÷˰ɣڶû֪ǸռͨĴڣɽҲһԣҲʲôΣյģοǻкīƽڵ𣿡
ûΣգɵԾʮֵġ
ţ
ƶ죬ɫס
ðɣ
ɿˡ
ڳ΢΢͹ԵĸҪӦңʲôʱ򶼶ŵҺͺӣİȫ㣡
ţã
صͷ˫ס°ͣ촽ӡȥ
һɲǼ䣬ӵ·ȴΧһУ˵繰Уþ޷԰Ρ
һɫ΢ƿ죬磬Ҹȥˣʮ죬Ҿͻ
㡭
ˣ
Цҡͷа취ֱӹȥҪҲȥĻ˵Żɣ
˵䣬ٴż촽һǣԹңҺͺӻܿģ
£ɢİ׹⣬һռûĻʧˣͷ·δֹһ㣬һվǶþûж


1820 ߲֮
ƹ׺ͳʲôϵ
ֻ֮һͬġơ֣
ļǵã֮ǰἰƹʱСѾͷ䣬ԷƹʮֵϤʲôԼƹҪѧϰ׷粽ˡ
ڵô£ƺĸŮƹкιϵҲ㲻ȫһͷˮ
ֻϣڼ֮󣬳ܹȫκ鶼Ҫ֣
Ҳ˵ɻ뵣ǣҿơ
ǰʧ󣬳ٴγֵʱȴѾѪ֮С
ĿХεۣЩ绹ֳһƬѪ죬·ܶȫѪɫ£ĵ׷
˿̵ĳƣȴûᣬ˲˲٣ǲϺХ޴ڵѪɫ磬˫ȴǷһĨŨŨĺɱ
Ѫ¡Ѫ£
ֺǴмƵģɭ֮С
˾ǣڳƿ־֮ЩѪɫ羹ֱӴƿҸǱࡣ
ܿ죬Ҳûʲôαֱӻһ⳯ǰٷȥƬ̼㴩ԽѪɫشռ֮ӿУһռͨ˳
Ȼ
ۣḧЩ͹Եĸ֮ٴӡ˾ͻƮǿռ֮ͨС
óƽ֮󣬿ռͨʧԭƽһЩѪɫ磬ҲʱٴκХ·һͷͷŵħޣ
ϲع飡
ͨǿռͨոս뵽ƹʱ򣬱Ӱӯӯ£Ϊޱߵľϲ
īƣþò˵ɣ̧̧֡
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ӰīŮ
ôҲû뵽īƻû뵽ǷƹȻǳƣ
л
Ůֶһ򶼼ΪģȻīƣ˿̶Եּȴһֹ˳
Ů¾ҪھȥҲȻκεԥ
߰ɣȥ˵
ư˰֣ȱ㳯ǰȥ
Ѫڵռͨƹߵòţȴ·ĴһЩطֱһСԺ֮С
СԺʮֵĵž£ûκװΡ
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¶СԺеһУþûпڡ
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һջĿ⣬ŮЦЦ˵ɣֻʣˣҲǵңǳƣ
ū澲ңŮǷ
ôҵĻˣ
ƹŮԹԵĶ档
ŶǰƷѾڣֻǳƣ
΢΢һЦֻתѾžŰʮһΣ֮ǰüαԳɹնһ񣡶һпعģ
ϲϲ٣ŮʱЦӭϵ
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ҡҡͷѪһղ޷װΣҽӵǵٻר̸ϹұһԹ
ĹЦ
ǺǺǡ
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īŮȴڴ˿̶һۣԵ϶¶һĨΪӵɫ
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ѪռͨһҪٵܸѪκ·
ۣһֱҵ澣ѾУҪȥ
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ǣ
֮⡭
΢˶٣¶֮ɫĵҪ߿ΪҺĺЩʲô

˳ƵĻŮ죬һֹģȴʲôû˵
ΪƵΣѾʧˣֻīŮǶһŲ뿪

·һʮֹͯ硣
һƬһ޼ʵĲԭǸҰ׺ʢָСԾţͻӣߵС¹ȵȲһ㣬֮⣬ϴУһֻֻӥɺףвķԸֻǽýѵ̬ţߣԿһƬƬƲд󣬳֮С
ౡ
󡭡
𡭡
ƵĵЩǷ׷۶ûһóƵʼżΪõЦݣСָûͣһֻֻͷϸ谮֮ɫ
Լȥɣ
һ֣ǱǸɢȥһֻСͣȱߣĶţһ˫鶯۾иżֺ档
Сһ
΢΢һЦ䱧
Ǹо˳ƵᣬСһ˿Գ˼ֿɰ
˺ˣСһԼȥɣ
СһƽڵϣСһͷ˿ƣűı뿪ˡ
þûˡ
ΧƵĿҲΪӣͯȻȴԽóֻؼѾȫһˡ
Գ˵ʲô޷ڵĺӣڵᲢۣ
һоâһ漴һӣͨɫȱȴһβȣ
֮
һȷ߿գһ˲ȫʧȡ֮һƬʹâգ۱ǽȫȻ֣֮ǰǷ׷׹ڵأڿеĸַҲ׷Ʈڵء
߲
һȣУһռѷ챻Ӳ˺һֱ֣С󼸺ֻڼʱ䣬Ѿ˳ƵͷϿա
߲ʱֻ߲㣬ÿһȴǸֲͬģΪĳȻϹâóϲֳ˲õĻЦݡ
簡Ҫˣ
һ䣬˲ڿգת۱û뵽߲У߲ŻƮأΧЩһһڵأ߲һȦһȦ·Ĥеһ㡭
ڳƣ߲ʲô˿֪ܹȷֻһ㣬Ϊ˸ĺӣ


1821 ŭɽ£
٣Ĳȥ𣿡
뿪ĵڶ죬ԺУѪӥѪǰ
Ѫӥ⣬ԭΪϺȻӵһϢɽΪˣѾȥҵҩģ԰ָһЩҩ֮УоᾲĲݺͱ顣
ʮֺ˵Ǹٶ˵õֵġ
ǰյϢۺѶϢȷġ
ԣѪӥѪ۽һΪľǷ֪ͨһ֣µǲȫͬʱѪռҲȻӦ𵽲Ч
Ȼܹ˵ĻҪһǰᣬõϢģ
ǼٵģǱؽɲصĺ
Ҳڳɵĵط
٣ǿİһɹˣǾͿ뿪»ع飡ˣѪӥ˵
ûУһϢǼٵأ췴ʵ
ôܻǼٵģ
Ѫӥҡͷ֮ǰǵõϢȫģβôɰɣ
ٵڹϵѪڱʵ
ԣ
ͷɽ²Ǳڽķ£ǻҾãβô򵥣
ɡ
Ѫӥ׼˵ʲôȴִϵ֪ʧʧǣҲˣѪռָͲļƻû׼ȫȷһᣬʲôȥԸѪռôˣһа٣Ҳɣ
ô죿ܲʲôȥɣѪӥʵ
ڸղŵּ˿̵΢˼֡
ʲôⲻҵԸ񣡡
¶һĨϰԵаЦ
ǡ
ѪӥѪޱȵĺ档
ȻǶ˽ⲻ࣬һĨаЦϣȴܹ϶˼ƻֻҪԹȥӱǡ
ˣȻȥϢϣǾͻ֪ˣ
ڰ֣ģβǲģұ֤ɽ˺ݺݵʹһʹ
ѪӥѪ뿪ˡ
ȴĦ°ͣѡ
Ϣֿܣ٣
Ȼö˵Ǽٵģôɽ¸ûˣµҲ϶һնһ֪ͨ˶֣ɽµʵؽҴȥΪ˺ѪռпҲѾ˷׼Ѫӥ˵ǰȻأȫûĻԼ

٣ˣ
ڶʱѪӥѪٴιˡ
һ죬Ѫӥ˴Ĵָϳ˼֮⣬Եĺ£
ǵõ쫷ǱߴϢΰ´˳ȥѰҩĵȷģȴҲ˵вؼ١
ǾᾲĲ飬ȷģҲȷ͵Ĵ㣬Ҫһ㣬ɽ¾ڰ´ȥЩУΪľϣܹǴȥش
ƻãɽºͰȴһû뵽Ǿѩƣ
ûѩƣ
ѩڸոϢʱ㱻˳ȥ
ˣѩƿѪµĿǣ
ѪӥѪ۵֮ǰͨѩ֮ľϵ淢һС
ʵ˵Ҳܼ򵥡
ѩǰǵıؾ֮·ϵȺǹȥ֮ȻһʮѪ֮ˣеı顭
ɽºͰȻӦܿ죬ѪҲûѪ֮ô£ѩƵĵ춼ֺοأ
ķԸѩʩһ֡ҽнˣפţƣҴ򡯵ʮַ룬ٸѪ֮ѩƵĹУʧ˽߳ɣ¶ˣûѩƵУ
ɽ£ȻûˣַŭȴȫҪƷˡ
Ϊʶѩƣ
׼ȷ˵Ѫ֮Ĵм֪ѩƵĴڣɶѩƵ˽ȴΪһɽŭѣѾͰһصѪռ䣬Ҳŭ
飡
еĲٶɽŭˤڵϣƽվڲԶ˵ȴκθоƽȴޱȱϢɢ
ʶеķŭʵɽ٣ȽԼ˼ˡ
Ҳǰǻ۵ڣ
ô
˷мӵĶɽ¼ŭĺš
侲
µڣⲻֻǵһƲߣɰ죡˵ѩƵĺȻ˭Ҳû뵽ģ㲻֪ѩƵĴβҲһˣ
ôڹֱ
ɽ˫кһ
ˣô˵ɽһٽֱɱˡ
ǹ㣬ֻڳһʵ
ƽҡҡͷⱾҵĴҲֱܹˣɺ޵ǣô˲˵ȥնı鶼ˣ

ɽһŭ΢ƽһЩ
û뵽ǣǱЩ˾Ȼһ㶯ûУ
¿һɽ£ѪռƿߣһֱûзʲôԾ𣿡
˵ĻҪ˵
ɽۣѪ飬ֻѪ֣ѪѾĸȴֻŻţѪ顭
ˣɽ¶Ȼʲôˣܹƿأ϶ֻѪӵߣǸӵǡ
죿
½ӿڵɽɫĵͷ
ô˵켫пܾ
һ½пܣ
ɽҡͷεŭ⣬û취Ѫ
Ѫƶ飬¾ģԣʮ֮˾Ǹļһ
ڸô죿ʵ
ⲻ𣿡
ɽһԼȥúõ취Ҫ콫ҳԺԽԽѹ
У
µͷӦҲúõһ£ȻûˣǻǾᾲĲ𣿡
šȥɣ⣬ҽм˽ҪѪ֮ɽ°ڰֵ
ã
²ٶԣܿľת뿪ˣʱмΪõϵٻ˷ܲѵĽ漴ܿΪһ߾߸ʬһͷмû¡
ɽ¡͡һٺ΢ƽһЩ
˵ܿıǽ״̬Ͼ֮ǰ̱ҲȷһЩˡ
ҲҪһʱлָ
ɽºͰһͬȥǧˣȴٸʧأ
ɽºͰµķŭԣȴǱѩŪľսѾصѪռ䣬Ծ£кüһ㽫ԼڷУԷ뿪벽
ѩƴЩ˵ľ޴Ҳ˵ɽһʹ֣
ѩƵγ֣ټǲ֮˻ԺĴضѪ˴ȥѹԽļƻҲĪĺôҲһˣ


1822 ⵶ʣԵ
£ǳˣ
뿪ңǱѪռ֮ոչȥʱ䣬ҲΪѼ⵶Щŵıչʱա
գмڣ˫ָŴЩˣɫƽȴ̺˵ļ
һѪġ
ʱǱÿһõ˴ȵͻƺȥʵ͵ģʥأߵȴѾǴﵽʥأ
Ѽ⵶
⵶֮һΪ̣óöܹ֮жʮˣԶʦϧȽΪס
⵶֮ΪУóħܹ֮ʮˣħΪס
ҪǣϧȽȴ£侭ϴһȥ֮󣬴С÷һ𳤴ǣڸ鷽ƽĽ˲֪ˡ
ڼ⵶֮Ϊâ࣬һܹʮһˣûΪ֮ˣ໥䶼ó֮ϡ
֮ǰµĹأÿһâڲһսԾСΪλâԱ⣬ѡеһСӶʸսһɹɼâΪѡ
ÿһεսֻһλᣡʤܣҪԼˣ
òϣַȷܺã
һԴ̼ҵŬҲܹʼձִҵ飬ôΪĳʧܶʧȥлᣡ
ܶʱǸԿʵѷ֮һ
ΪϾ˼ߣǱѪռеʱ㵱ʲõĳΪʱĸˣ
Ѽ⵶Ļҷչľ޴ϣ
أÿһ˶᲻ʶҰɣ
վѼ⵶İٶǰͳǵ飬ԽҽΪǵֱӸˣԺежȫȨ֪𣿡
ǣ
ҴӦŵ
ʱһȻûдﵽѪ˵ı׼̸ֹ֮ȴҲнֹ̬֮
ǴҶף֮ԸΪѵǸֻ֮࣬Ϊ֣Чң
ЧңЧҼ
ѾΪһμЧҲ֮е飡
ôʱ䣬־мǵʵõ˼ȵǵˣҲҹͬˣ
νǧգñһʱǶ״Ҳ˽⣬ôھ͵ΪңΪԼЩʲôʱˣ𣿡
ףٴδӦŵ
ǳã
Ŵʮ㣬ᶨӣΪˡ
ҵѼ⵶͵˼⵶ʵʱ򣡡
ѾΪ˰ţǽɢǱ붫һϵе񣡶ĻҾͲ˵ˣϸš
㽫ǵİϸ˵һ飬Ա䣬ȥĿĵغִʲô񣬶޾ϸһҲʮϸκαԹ
һ㽲˲һʱ
գٴˣϵ飬ǱҪʱɣڵ˶ǻҪʲôҾͲˣΣһҪɸԵΪǰᣡ⣬עⱣԼκʱ򶼱ҵˣҵѼ⵶
ǣ
ܺãǾɢ˰ɣȥ׼׼պг
ǣ
ҹӦŵܿıɢǿ˿뿪ıӰǰм󣬲ɵÿЦһ¡
һת뿪

磡
صԺûһƽ첽˽һż
ôˣ
ЦƽһԵ£˵ʲôǵƽүôż
磬죬ߣ
ƽƨɸһմʣק㳯ȥ˵ʲôǱƽ档
һ·ϣƽϵż֮ɫ˿δǱŪһͷˮһ·ϲǴкʲôӦ
ܿ죬صĺɽС
ŵ㿴
ָǰɽƽ

һۣɵһͨɽʲôģ
ҵ簡þȥû۾ƽûĵ
Ŷã
ľɢȥɽ롣
ȣûʲôģž룬ȴɫһ䣬ΪԵĸоɽ澹һӴ֮УһǿҪľȫɵһ㡭
䣡
ԺжȻһҵĲҲݺҡһ£ǽ˻ɱɵȴҲ٣ıҲڴ˿̱üΪء
ô£
Ťͷƽȥ
Ҳ֪
ƽҡҡͷ㷢ҵľ˲ķ֮ҪǼʱҶվ˵ˣ
ڼͳǶڶľǱоĶҲû취֪ͨǣ
ۣƽܣȽȥţҪ˿ʲôΣգ
ʲôȥ
ƽһȴǼˣ磬ˣǵҪǳ˵ʲô⣬ǡ
ΪҪҵģ
ϵҲȥ˭ȥѲСȥ𣿡
ȥҲȥƽȻ
˺ˣ֪㵣ңˣңʲôΣգ
ƽļЦΣգôܻڣ
硭
ƽüͷ壬û˵ʲôңղǹɾĽӴκҵһԵԣҲòȥ
Ե
ƽ⻰ʱɻ磬ûƭҰɣ
ɵСӣƭʲô
һЦˣȽȥˣ
˵꣬ƽٿڣѾٵĽɽڣƽ죬ȴֻܿЦҡҡͷɽڡ
һߣɽڵȴǷƽЦȫʧɫΪصĻǰȥ
ĶоʲôԵ
һڶΪΪƽֳôܻԸԼֵðգ
ȻɽеԽ룬ȴԽԽЩ֣Ϊղľ̽ɽҲ׶ѣھôûע⣬ȴҲǧ֮࣬ܵһУЩɽʯڶûκα仯
ô˵أͺǽһԹ޷ҵ·
Īǣҽĳ󷨣
ɴͣ½Ųüǵ˵󶼿Ч
ʲôƨСӣϷǺ
˼ʱ򣬺ȻһϵԺը쿪ʹһɫ˲ĺȵʲôˣ


1823 棬Ե
ıסˡ
ȻҲ㾭˲٣ȴ״ΣֺȻԼԺðëȻ֮С
Сӣ㵨Ӿô㣿
ĽУǲϵٴγ֣иŲм
㣬㵽ʲôˣ
ƽһЩߵиܲʲô⡣
ңΪȻ¶κҪСңС
Сӣ㻹ûϷ˭ң
ϵֳˣƺó˼֣ЩУǲܵһʱĳ
ƿԳһ㣬ı鲻ΪƽҸһĨ⡣
棬ȻǼΪ֮ص
㲻ÿڣֻҪԺһ룬Ϸ֪
ǺҲϷδ
ʲôû
һ㶣ϰԵĿڵǸµʲôˣΪʲôУ
ʲôˣ
ЦȻʹסͷ
ˣСʵô˰ˣϷҲĥˣ
ЦֹסԴʹȫʧȻβŹȥʮӵʱ䣬ȴ·һ㣬ɫڴ˿̸ԵΪ԰ס
ŴŴš
ţУȻһ䣬ķԼѾɽʯɵôģ޲
ô첻ѣо
СϷľþû뵽òܹҵһϷϵˣȻ֮
Щĳ֣һ͸ٵǰ
һ԰׵ߣȻֳǰ͸װȴԿߵһУһ˫ƻǵ۾ȴһֺƿԿĵǣûë
µʲôˣôǿеĲʣʵ
СӣΪȻϷҲ֪ߴЦЦȴ˼ֱ
֪ҵݣ
ɫһ䣬ȴЦһСӵ̸ϷôĪ㵱ϷӲɣ˵СӲʥضѣôܳΪĪСӻʲôĵط
ºûشҵ⣡ü
ʵһǰ͸ֳЩϤֻһʱ侹벻Ķ
ΪĪСӾûȥҵ𣿡߷ʵ
ף
һԽϸĴߣվտڲԣϸֳһĨϵȴЦݡ
㣬ǡ
˺һȻɫһ䣬첻ѣȵ˵ˡ
Сˣ
һЦϷҵĴ̫ϳɽ
Ĵ̫ϳϡ
Ȼ˲²⣬׿˵ϻε𾪡
ôܣ
üϼأɽΪչͻʧܣ߻ħ㡭ôܻ棿
ϻϷ˵һ𣿡
ɽûĵϹھֻһƲлѣ
ϷȷΪ߻ħΪһЩԭвȴ⹷ƨɽУЩϷ֮ǿû뾹ȻҲһϷϵ˹
ɽ˵û뵽ϷоԼҪ֧Ųסʱ򣬰ɵС˹ɽǲ
ЦЩȴһҡ
ڼΪ쾹֪ΰο
ɽЦһͣºŹĹ£Т棡
ɵСӣɣֺܲ
л棡
漴ԥ棬ղ˵Ҫ֧Ųס⡭
˼˵ϷһƲлҲҪɢˣֵˣܹ֮ǰôһϷϵҲɽǳˣ
ɽһЦСȻɵһ㣬ΪҲв֮Ҫһ㣬ҲϷûѡˣСӣϷ㣬ԸϷ²ΪҾϹᣬ𣿡
棬
ɫ˲䣬Ϊˡ
ԸԸ⣿ɽɫһҲüΪ
Ը⣡
һȻðӦ
Сӣۣ
ɽħ鲻Խı㰴˵ȥ
Ҳոձ˫۵ɲǣֻһӰٻѨֱ룬ȫûκεֿ֮ȻΪһԹƵģǹԼǿľ˲佫ȫ
Сӽ²ұңؽ̷֮أ
׼ãʼ
һԺϢǷӿ룬ʥصʵȴȫ޷һ㣬ʹ̲סĽ˳
ͬʱܵƽ뺣һӿڣӲĽľ͵ﶼ˲٣ߣǿÿһ缡⣬ڶʱڶøӽ˶ӵĿࡣ
ʱ˸ǿҵʹ֮⣬ȴͬԹһԼÿһ仯ǿ;˫ʹ֮ʱȴһŵľ
֮ǰƽ˵ġԵû뵽ȻģһѸ͡
ȥ˽ʱʱ䣬ʹȻȫʧŵƿ壬ȻʱǰֳɽӰȴѾ͸Ҳûиղż־ȡ
棬û°ɣ
ˣı仯Ǽʵ
ɵСӣϷҪˣ
ɽ¶˲õЦݣϷһûչͽܣҲϷΨһĴˣס˵ĻҪϷʧ
桭Ѿ˵Ứ
У
ɽֹĻɵСӣҪѹϷѾˣϷɢ֮ⶴһϷģúõػȥҴ򡭡
û˵꣬ɽӰ㻺ʧ죬ЩӲɽղŻڵĵطˮշ£ȫǱˡ
棡
ͨһ˵ϣˮصĳǰͷûԪı£ͷѾƳѪȴڵϹţΪʹ嶼ڲϵزš
Ȼʱһ׹Ȼֱֱ֣ķɵԣĴ壬̧ͷ׹֮оһһͨɫԵĳ
ᴥ·ڰοһ㣬ܹеĸܵϴľ񲨶Եסǳ̻һֱûڡ
ҲͬһʱУԺڸֳһЩڳϢٴ棬ɽʧλãʹ˼㡭


1824 ŵĸо
ţΪŵ
ɽȻûпӡħƣȴףʱնɱһӵоԵ
Ϊɽ²еʱѾΪһ壬Ϊһ֣áָʹһȴٺҲˡ
ٴصĿ˼ͷʰ񣬻һİȴϤʯŤͷȥ
硭
ȫɽ߳ƽϲ֣еǵĴʯ
ţ
ĬĬͷǻȥ˵ŶˣƽܣһԸȥûҵĻκ˲ܽΥԱ۴
⡭ǣ֪ˣ
ƽЩ죬ԵӣҲûʡ
ܿ죬˱һͬصסԺ䡣
ºƽֹüʲôȴʲôûʳ
ɽﵽ׾Щʲô
Цƽ΢΢㵣ǿٵͷ
ʵº˵ҲҪҲҪؿƿԺԻǽ
ԥ漴
ģ
ƽٴףһԣ֮ǰ֣ɽһһʮĽƽ˲˫ۣûӸڵϡ
Ȼ磬֮ǰȷû˵ȻĻԵƽΪˡ

⻰ȴЩڨȻ
֮ô˵ȫΪƽĵɽѣ֮ǰûиоʲôԵ
ѵ־ĳֻɽΪѰҺϵˣƽʼԲ
ɣ
ͷ洫²ȻҺ˼ûʦͽ֮ȴʦͽ֮ʵڲ˴Ǹطǰ£Ҳһ¹ڣһ·ûУ
ţ
ƽĬĬףҪҰæ𣿡
Լȥˣ
ҡҡͷΪ潨¹ڣһչգ洫ڸҵһȫգ
ڵʵ
ʥأ
ǿһЦҲ֮ǰĴ裡
Ȼ˵ôʱʥصʥأȷһʮֵ˷ܵ飬ȴûһ㿪ġ
еѡԸѡɽ¾״̬ڶ˶һʮ˵顣
ƫƫ첻Ը
ڶ죬˰ʱ䣬Ϊɽһ¹ڣƾԼļ仭ɽһԼУԺÿշݣʾ
ӵϣǸɽпʼ
һΪǧɽƾǧɽΪ˵ʱĳǿߡ
ڶŵ
ŵŵʩչӵżΪǿĹ
ʱɽܹ֮Ϊǿߣǧŵȱһɡ
ȻŵҲزٵĻ飡
ӵɽĴ²ŵ˵ǳͨ裬ټϼŲɽĵãɽбչصʱһǧ֪ʵҲǵõ˴ȵ

һߣѪռС
ΪϴɽºͰ߳ļƻʧܵԵʣ˵ѪռӦԽŲŶԣƫƫԴǴ֮󣬷Եøи
֮ǰһֱյѪռ䶼˿Ѫֻ֮ҪѪɫݱʶɽ
ֵǾʮֲ˼顣
˵ûй¾Ǹ׳նš
ƫƫԳһɽѪռ䣬ͬ˿ûκη֡
˼ӣûΣգһжָƽ֮ǰκʱ򣬽ҪԵü׺ܶࡣ
һһΪĵطѪ֮ƺ˲٣¾ڸĺüϤףѾû
תۣ߰յʱ䡣
ϣԺٴξۼ˼ˣѪӥ£ѪۺѪࡣ
ٻãǲ֪ȥ˺δ춼Ҳǣƺ˴ǺīһѪռ䣬ӦʲôĿģֻ֪ˡ
٣⼸ְ
ѪӥüһжԵ̫ƽˣȥʹˣǶŪ
ţҲ֪
ͷûб濴ȥô򵥣ûŪô֮ǰмɲҪ⶯СһЩֹй¶
ף
˷׷׵ͷ
ʼʵ壬֮ǰǴ飬е˳ĻȻҲκε顣
ѵʲô𣿡ʱѪ۳ʵ
Ȼ
ۣҪеԭҵɽµı
ˣ
ոµɲǣٻЯ룬ӯӯ񣬽һ硯
⼸ȥĶˣ
ʾŮºüҪ֪Լݣһʲô⣬ҲȲǵģ

컰еĹģþǲһЦ쿴ͷߣҿûǿЦ
磡
ߵһΪżһ˵ͱǵĽأ˵ˣȥأ
ʲô£
ûĵʲô£
Ͳ㣡ΪôʣҾͻ̲ס˵
ཿЦһ£ŪֱûƢԭģ˿ҲȫȻڣȫΡ
û취µãҲСӰ
Լעˣ
ЦڻǲʲôҪ˵
ţ
ͷ򰡣⼸յ׷ʲôôԵôƽҺٻĵЩĸоɽ¾׼ʲôƵģ
˵ӰֲĸоǴҶУڷ˺£Ҫ֪Ļü𣿡Цõػص
ɡ
Ļҧ촽һЩɵӡ
˵ɣ
ٻˣԵ磬֪ҺΪ˫壬޷ĵУԺֵоͼûгЩʱ˵ĻһֻҪŸоߣںδҲ̫࣡
С
ۡ
ʵֻһ֮˵
ͬʥԺ󣬻ٶԼԵЩΣԤȸ֪Ҳǵеһ֡
ٻ˵ô棬ȴһ˵
ֻߵѪӥ˶һš
ǲ𣿡
ٻ΢΢üȻȷǻһЩҵģȷģ簡īƽ㶼֪ЩģŲȥǣ
ˣˣ
ٻǽӣ쵱ͷ֮ʵ˵ĸоָľһ棿ǹѪռ䣬򣿡
У
ٻһͬʱ˵
У
һа취ȥŪڵô𣿡
ˣ֪
컰ûȫ£һϤŮſʱվ첽ſȥ


1825 ƹѪڤ˻Ƕ
˵ǳƣ͹ԣŲõЦݡ
ڳŵīŮ
ƶˣ죬£
켱æȥų߻СºųīŮһк
ӴС㣬Ƕ׵һأأ
īĵĶһۣ
㣬īƽ㣬Ƕ
ִӷгӣŮ׷¡
ƶӣһж˳ɣûʲôΣհɣ
Ťͷĵʵ
İɣĶ£
򴽣һַŶӣһȴǷϣЦӯӯĵѾεרŻ֪أȻʼղ˼ң
ٺ١
һЦû¾ͺãû¾ͺã
ˣղƶ˵Ӻٻȥ̽ϢĪ֪еԵɣԸƵһȵĲˮʵ
һ˲䣬ī֮⣬ڳĿⶼ׷˳ϡ
ţ֪
ףʵ뿪ʱ䣬ѪռзһҶֻ֪û취˵ѣҪʵ̫ˣҲżǱߵϻ
ܽ
΢΢һɡ
Ϣһ˵
΢΢һЦ˵ʵڵģһЩƣˣ
ããϢûϢҪ
ͷѪӥǸɢȥСĲųƽУŮȴԺУٻԣīǿıӰȴż־벻˼顣
Ϊ֮澣ھηƹ֮кѾٵ֪ݣҲѹǻ˵ˡ
ڴϣŴĴ֣΢΢͹ԵĸЦ磬֪п϶кܶҵģڲܸ㣡ɣҴӦ㣬ȽѪµһὫеһкгʱͻŶ
ã
ԥĵͷǸḧţ㲻ȺúϢҾ㣡
ţ
Цţܿ˫һѾ˯˹ȥ
̬ĸԹԣ쿴ȫǰ⡣

һ˯һֱ˯˵ڶʱ֣Żһ˫
һʱӳģԾϤóڼΪжһֱ𣿡
Ȼ
츩ȥڳƺ촽һǣЦԶɣīƽѾˣ
ҡ
һЦſ˫ۣͬСŮŽ
ãұ㣡
ЦЦǽƴӴϱһֱķУؽãԱߵ£ڴ˵ȺŮЦѣԼͬģŮͳ֮۰飬˼Ľ
С㣬Էɣ
īԸƼвЩּá
˿ȴЩ΢
īƳң˵ӦƲûʲô̫ĽƫƫķīԼԴƵʱһַĵĹں֮
뵽˯֮ǰ˵ȴҲδʡ
Ƕһ³԰ɣ
΢΢һЦŮһֱڳߣһ߳ԷȴҲһչųƣóΪܵͬʱȴҲЩЦãԼûеֱҪչ˵ĵزɣ
˼¶ѣ
ŮһԿֱЦóƸ΢졣
ϸУٷ˽һʱǽ
ںԺԸƺŮһ裬ŽĿƣѯһӱ㿴룬΢΢һЦˣ֪ʲôҾֱӺ˵ɣ
ţһЦͷ
Һ˵ܽȷģ
΢һԣ֪Ѫռ֮ôƽһҪǵĽģ
ɽºһѾ֪ѪǵĴڣ޷ȷݶѣǼٽģӶĻҲܹ˳ϣ˵
˵첻ɵúͦǵɵˣҪ벻һ𣿡
Ծǵڶˣ
΢΢һЦݱΪȻڶҲصû˵ĻɽҪһϹŴҲѪһ󷨣ΪѪڤ˻Ƕ󣡡
Ѫڤ˻Ƕ󣿡
󷨵֣죬һͬŵŮ
֪⣬Ǹ֣Ҿ֪Ȼǡ
СҲƣ֮ų˵ʵɾȻû˵ʲӵѪڤ˻Ƕ󣬽ʾ֭ʼһͷˮ
ƶѪڤ˻Ƕ󵽵ʲôüʵ
ô˵أ
ڼ˫ΪĿУ΢֯һԣżѪµĸ֮һûдﵽؼŵĵزóȻóѪڤ˻ǶһɻذӰ죬Σ򣡡
ɣ
ˣʱӶɳʲôܹΣѲɣܹΧ𣿡
ȻУȴҲ˶٣
ЩЦ漴һɣ磬ҪҪ˵
ҪҪ켱æЦӦ
ߺߡ⻹࣡
ǣֵ˵ʵڵģǸѪڤ˻Ƕ˽Ҳֻ֪࣬һɹֱ̼ĻôỺ˵ľѪӶ󷨵ķΧ
ô˵أһྫѪΪʳĴֲԶ֪ʲôԱֻҪڣôֲͻ᲻ַΧֱȫ
֮⣬ԴΪ̣ǶΪӣܹǳ֮伺ﵽĿģ
캦ԣһɹһ֪ܹʲô취رգ
Ƽ򵥵˵Щ̲סĵһ
ƽ㣬ô˵񲻾Σˣҧҧü
ţ
ƺҡͷȴҲֻܵͷ
ԣҵĵ˵ԵģôҪɽ֮ǰֹѪڤ˻ǶɣƼ˵
ɣɽĶ֪ôֹ
Цܷܲ˵ѰҰɣǾͻѪ´ȥƵĻ᣿
ܵ˵ļǣ
ףɽ²ôĴ㲼Ѫڤ˻Ƕôضһϵеǰ׼ǾȥңҲһܹҵõ
˭˵Ҫȥˣ
Ƴһ˵ˣ漴ұȥߵҳȻҰιë
ৡ
ո£һ׹Ǵұ˸ﹷģѩֱ˳ȱߣֺõһǰ޵Ĵβ͸ͬСƵҡΰڶţ̫õ첻ס
̫ˡ


1826 ôƣ
ѩƵĳ֣첢ûж⣬ǳƿԽٻҲʲô
ֻǣ벻ͨǽѩƳʲôѲа취ֹѪɽµĲ
Сһֳˣ
ƽѩƴӵЦ㿴ڳʲôˣҪҸɴʣΣ
ء
ѩʡ֣ʲôħƵģҡͷԣĲϽš
ģֱί˼㣡
ƫƫڳƵУֲ̫쿴ҲǿЦá
˺ˣӡ
ûĽѩٴηڵϣҪ˵ûᣡϽȥɽºĶҳô
ء
ѩš
ƵһɣСһû취ҪҲĻ͸ҵŰɣߺߣ
ƶѩܹҵԱʵ
϶ܣ
ƺԥĵͷһۻװѩơ
ѩơ
ƵĻ쳯ѩ˹ȥСһںܸɴĽԴֻǰצУë״βͲ˦һںСŮƵģڳ֮˿һݸ
СһҺ˵
һνѩץյĶߵ˵Щʲôѩƶʱ۾һ̧ͷƣ
Ȼûйأ½ߵ죬Ҳûκһ֡
ϻһƭ𣿡
ûĵʲôȥȥɣҪǲȥĻˣһϲǿģ
𡭡
ѩԻԴƵͷͺһ
漴ѩƳֽһλһ׹ֱʣգۼǳʧ
ٶ֮죬֮ǰǿ˲١
ƶǡ

ȥɽ£
磬˵磬İɣСһı£ҲһܹҵǵģֻϣҪ̫ʱźã
мĻһЩڵ˵ʲô첢֪
˶ٺʵˣƶȻѪڤ˻ǶΪ˽⣬֪ǵҪܳɹ
ȣѪڤ˻ǶҪѪ
Ѿû취ֹˣû´Ļ֮ǰʱѪѾ϶˽һ룬ҲΪʲô˻һЩԭǶѪļƷܹҪžŰ˰һʮ֮࣬ÿһҪԪʵ
ʲôô࣡
⻰Ҿɫ䲻ѡ
Ѫĵһѣ
ɫصļ֪ڶȴҪžŰʮһʥ֮ˣڵҲ϶Ӻţ
ȻͨѪµĳִطܹ󷨵Ĳɣ
ˣ΢һ٣βܿҾ͸֪ˣÿһΪӣ
ôһ˵ôоѹô󣬲㴭Ц
ƽ㣬ҪôƳأ˵һǰֹٻʵ

һȴǳĬ
Ǽ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳȫϣڴ
ϾٻʵȷҲǼпܷ¶
˵ʵڵģûʲôð취
ƿЦһ£û취ֻ˵ǼһЩȥһȫĵطݱܣ

Զʱ
ô˵ͱҪǸ֮ǰֹ
ЦѣɫҲΪȻ
ԣҲŻѩȥңϾѪµĿǣҪҵɽǣҲֻѩƲпˣ
˵ǼҲεһ̾׷ѩ뿪ķһи˼ڴ
УһҪϢ֪ͨȥ
վҾͲˣȫԱҲɽˣ
˵䣬ҪȥϾǴţҲҪһİ
硭
첽ߵſڵʱ򣬳ȴĳס
ôפŤͷ
üǱܣҪ̫֪ԥһ£˵

һųֹӣ͵ͷһͷ𣬡Ī۷УѪµˣ
ƺ룬ͶһЦݡ
ĬĬף˵һ֪ˡطغ÷š
ڳƵı飬Ҳһ̱һЩԭϵȫȻʧȡ֮ȴһϣϵϡ
ڳĻȻᾪȵķ֣ϵϣ𣬶ľƣʸ۷ļϣûиܹ

Ůͬʱվڳࡣ
ڸղ˵̬ȣ˿Ůֱˡ
ˣؾɣ̧̧֣Ե
ǣ
Ů£ȴ΢΢˶٣̧ʵǵ飬ôˣ
⻰ǳٻʵġ
عĻѾϵ˲ˣԸѭѵΪֻһ£ǱضƴЧң޶Ƿ
ˣ
ۣûǴĻڱתͶ̥֮ǰǲɢӦòǧɣ
һʮıóƶЩԳЦЦ
ǵ֪Ѿˣҡ
ˣٻЦԥһ£ڳɲǣŸϽ빬ϢŭЩʮԵѵмأȴ
ЩˣѾعƹٴι鸽ڱ£԰ɣƽӿڵ
ǡǵģ
ٻӦŵ
ˣˣ
̾һʱīȴԵԸһҺͺһȥЩ˵ĴиˣҪڣ
˵⻰ʱҲ֮վ˳
Ů˿̵϶ɢޱȱɱ
Щ˵ľٶɾǱѣȴǶ޷ܵ飡
ˣ
ưڰ֣ҡͷȻǲԸǾˣҲǰЩ˴ȥȻ빬ţԺǲ׼ʹ÷ƹĹһ֣ϳΪ𣡱
ǣ
īŮ̹ӦŵڳƵ£кٻһͬ첽뿪
Ͼô಻Ը鸽ˣҪȥ֪֪ͨҪ೤ʱء
Ů߲һŷŵĴ򿪣Ҳǻ˳
ףƶأڳߣʵ
ǰ˵ʲôҪأûüкŶ
һЦ֣
˿̵ٴαղȣֱˡ
ǾͲˣ
ǺһЦ˶§뻳УƶȻѾˣǾ͸Ͻ뿪ɣúõĻȥ壬ǧǺӳʱƼݵĲźã
ߣ
Ƴһ죬һ㼸أӴѲʲô»Ͱɰˣ
˵ʲôأ
ûػصʱǵóЦѡ
໥䣬ȫǰ


1827 ع飡
գƻȰ˵뿪ˣϲŻŮҲǸһͬ뿪Ƿ˲١
ϾѪռվһǷ֮ء
Ȼ첢֪ǵôѪ֮˽ģһʱ䳤ˣ˭ұ֤ʲô֣
ǳƺڵĺӳʲô⣬ôҲԭԼģ
١
תѾǳ뿪պˡ
׼ŵߵʱѪӥѪ۶Ƕ
£ʵ
ǵģ
˿ٵͷһԺ£üʲô飿ǵӣܲ򵥣
٣ǰ첻עһʧ𣿡Ѫӥ˵
Ϣˣ
ʱЩ
ĲǺǽύһҲȻʧˣҸսӵĴţֻǡ
ѪӥЦһ£˵Ҳԥѣƺ֪ô
ô£ü
٣ڴ˵֪ںδΨһܹȷǣǿƴ˲˺üΣҸ˲֮ʱռ䲨ǿԿ϶ǳΧ˲ƣ
Ѫӥ˵üëһʵûˣ
⻹һ㣡
ԱߣѪ۽ӿڵʱʧ˲߰ʮˣÿһԪϣרȥкü˵Ժвκ£
ѵ˵һûɣ
۾һ˵ĻôǵʱͻһЩɽֹĿҲ֮ߡ
ɼˣԾɸоһǿҵĽȸС
Ҳܼˣ
ۣѪӥѪۣҴ뿪Ѫռ䣡ǾΣ
Ҫߣ
ԶʱЩ㵡
ţȥѾûʲôˣֻҪעһ֮ǰ˵Щػ֣ʱֻҪŸңұ̸ϻ
ףҴڵҺȻˣҲӦòɣǻҪǼ̽ϢȻǶһ뿪ţʱ䲻̫Զˣ
ѪۺѪӥһۣͬʱӦٷԸ
Ǻã˵һһҵʵҲԼһʱ䣬ƽΪ˷ֹɣҲʱһߣ˵
ǣӦŵ
㿪ʼû󣬻˲ٵľڴˣڰʱֲɹҽȫķǺϢ漴뿪ûκ˵ע⡣

һߣѪռԺ󣬱㾭˲ֱȥ˱
ΪѾ֪۷ļԼԸѪµȫڶľС
𣬶ľԼʸλڱչо֮ǰĵãҲȥǼŮ
٣
ٻˣ̫ˣ
ٺá
쾶ֱصľصʱ岻ٵˣһһĳкɫг޾;⡣
֮ǰѾΪһеľż
Ȼжʱûмȥ˺δ֪ȴ˿Ӱеĵλ
ܣ
ܿ죬֪ϢĶľͻʸ橳ӭˡ
磬ɩӣ
һЦǰ˶ӵһ¡
ôȻˣ
ľʵȴδ̻شתˣ磬أӦҲɣ
أ
ľϾҪץһʱȥҲҺʱȻҺҲ
ٺ٣
Ҳ֮һЦ̫ˣһǴϢ˰ˣ˵ɣҲȻȥϢϢ
ҲãԷҪ˰׼һ㣿ľͷʵ
ˣԼУ
ЦŰֵʲôɩӿȥϢɣҲ˯ˣŶˣ磡а취۹⹫ȳ𣿡
ԣ
ľԥĵͷ
һһˣҪλ
Уһȥ
ڶľӦºֺͻʸ橴һк㾶ֱĳߵרԺȥܿѾҹɫ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬ո𴲵ʱ򣬱Ժд˵Цһ£æ򿪷˳ȥ
ЩҲǹġ
⹫ľƣʸʸ
ǿ񽣣ط磬ľʸʸܷܷˡ

磨죩
ү
߳λڵİ˶ȫվ
⹫ʸүүǿɷˣ
켱æǰλ£ֿˣЦŵͷѾ򣡡
ٺ١үĹͣҪȻǻ֪ɶʱЦ
Ҳ׷׵ͷж˺ܶĸм
ȷ
û죬ҪԵĴΪһ壬Ҫܳһʱ䣬˵ܹ֮ɾ򾳽磬ֳԵˣ
ˣƨˣ
ûĵ˵Ѫƶʱǡ
ˣû˵꣬Ҳ׷׳Ĭȥ
ǵķףԶǵģ
˵ɣ
طһϸĽѪƶνһ飬Ҳɵ̾һἺΪ˵ľеޱ
ˣ²һܹ
ǵ飬˵
һûнҪ飬ȲȥѪռǱˣ
⹫ʸүү
˶٣λϴδŵϢλ֪˰ɣ
ţ
˷׷׵ͷ
ȻǸţڴŽ֮㽫Ϣ֪λ
˵ɫʮأڲԵɵĿǣȴŪ׷ʲô
ǶףǺص飬첻Իλأ
Ѫڤ˻ǶģΪʲôǶû˵üʵ
˵ʵڵģܲš
ĻľƺͻʸĿҲۼϡ
ģ
صͷλҲЩԶԣȴԽ
ʲô鰡Ѫڤ˻Ƕʲô󷨣ľüʵ
һ죬ȴǻԺвһŽ֮ǰ˵һжظһ飬Ҹǿһ󷨵Σڳɫ䡣
ɣһɽ½Ѫڤ˻ǶɣôڲõĽΪ򣬵ǸʱֻѪ֮˲ȥ
⣬ҲǴ뿴ģ
ɵӦôȥֹڶûһõİ취
һʱ䣬ڽֵԺУٴαðš


1828 ˻֮˵ϧȽ
Ժ䰲УһƬöûһ
Ȼ䣬һֽԺſڵĽһͨüӰ롣
Ǽ۷̫ϳϡ
쾣ԣˡ
ľľ֡
ʸʸ硣
֮ǰһʱ䲻֪ȥ˺δؼرơ
ܹ˵ĵ˶׷վʾ
ôˣʲô鰡Ȼ˽磬ǼϼһﶼľЦ˵
ףģ
ľüͷ˵ظһ飬λ̫ϳϾɫ˲䣬ľϸղŻڵЦݣһ˲ȫʧ
ôѪڤ˻ǶЩ죬أľü
졭
ˣ׷Щ졣
λ̫ϳҲǶһۣȻûж˵ʲôǵȻ˵һˡ
ǵȷӦʱĳ˵߼󷨵
Ѫڤ˻ġ˻ģ˻ġ
Եͷ˼̧ףĵǿ֪˻Ĵʲô𣿡
˻ġ
ʵҡͷ˿λ̫ϳȴ˼ģΨȼλԼǼȴüͷ壬˼⡭
֪֪
ʱʸȴȻ˳ͬСŮƵĸ߾˫һζ
橣˵
ʸ״һ⡣
Ķ֪ôһ쵽ܵСħŮôܻ֪أɲǼлʸӦ»ʸ橽ʸָ׶춼ûϵ
֪үү˼Ҳû˵أʸ橵һƲ죬˼ֲСˣ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ģ
橣㡭
ʸЦãǵЦѾͷ˵˵
ţ
ԵĻʸҲȻԣʸǵһԼүүͷһڵ˻ĴǷλǶԼϡϺ˸λָȴǼԶ֮أƽ˵ЩǺЩģ
λ
ȴЩȻ
漴һȴ
Ѫڤ˻Ƕеġ˻ġָ֣λĻѵ˵˸λйأ
˵˸λϣй󷨵ĺۼ
ˣԽԵ鷳ЩҵĸоȴǸӸӣڳ˶׷ԵüΪơ
Ѫڤ˻ǶѾЩʲôԺȻʵ
ġ
ԣϽ֮ǰ鶼ظһ飬ףãѩƳ֣ŲᾪɽȻҸղ˵еİ˻ĵȷָλѾͷ˵ļΪ
ˣʸͶħŮЦѣȫǰ
˼ҲǲݸһЦ
ţԼ֪Ѫڤ˻ǶȻ뷽λйأȴֵþ巽λһ򵥵˵󷨻˸λӶ֤ǿ
˸λ
üĿȻڿǼӹĪ˵ķλ֮ƣ
ɣ
ף֮ڰ˻֮˵ȴҪһЩô˵أ֮ȻĴʥޣ˻֮Ϊ߼һںϣ֮ںϣ
ϣϣͶʵ

ףΪϷȸҲľںϣ࡭
ҪβֹѪѪڤ˻ǶĲأ˶٣ʵ
ûиõİ취
Ļü֮ǰ˵ȷ󷨵ĲҪôʱ䣬һѾ϶˴룬ȥҵĻĵʱҲ˵㹻ˡ
Ҳ˵Ҫֹǰҵľλ֮⣬ֹֻǵڶͬü
ΣҪĻҵλã
̾һɣһǼҲȥңҵңϢҲҪ֪ˣ

⻰ɵ΢
Ȼ֪ԺеǶǾֵΣ뵽뿪Ѫռ֮ǰ˵˼־
Īǣ۷УǱѪ֮ˣ

ӣߣˣߣ
ĳɽУһŮɫ԰ףѪɫһӻУϸѪкüѪ۸ɼǡ
ŮӶԣȻȥҪúܶ࣬ͬĺܴ
һһŮǱˣǱų񣬼⵶ʵϧȽħźͶʦŵС¡
Ϊףȴʮˡ
˭Ҳû룬յ㱻Ѫ֪һС׷ɱˣΪѪµ׷ϧȽȻȻһ·ܹʱ԰ȫ
ԼʱļѶսѾǽƣϧȽ׼ĸֶѾ꣬˵ûЩĻǿһʱ䶼ֲˡ
ڣѾ˲ɽˮĵز
뻹ҪһЩһ˵ĻܹлѪ֮˵İΧȥǲ֮ǰϧȽЩΪľ롣
÷һ𳤴ֳ£֮ĲֻһֽԼˡ
ΪˣôܷԼİŮˣ
¾ҲҪһ
ϧȽ˵ˣ
Ȼûѧ󷨣Ҳ˽һЩղڶڣѾһֻҪСһЩӦòģ
ɣǡ
ϧȽ죬뵱Ե˵ҪһߣҪһ
ǣ˵ɽ㡭㲻ú֣ôᡭз𣿡ϧȽѵ
磿ԣԣ
һ㶣ϲзζгڣϧȽûµģһûµģ
Ϣһһһȥң
ãã
ͷϧȽץס⼸кòеĻָʱ䣬óǰǸĵҩ£Сıһľ裬ʼлָ
Ҳ֪ǲ涴ӵĻãļʱУûյκδţҸϵҲָ˲٣ҲΪҩľ޴ãƾǵЩƣûʱ䶼һָܹһ롣
ˣǱҪϻȥ뿪
ͬʱۣ˵
ţ
ϧȽףĲվǲδʱĶߣɽȥΪӭķȻ΢ģ˵ȴһõ֮·
ϾȻʱ԰ȫһӶ뿪Ļ˭Ҳұ֤᲻Ѫ֮ˣһߵĳڣȴһζĲĻܸһЩ


1829 Σʱϵ
ɽĸԽԽխԭ㹻˲ͬеͨûһѾֻһ˲ͨ
Ϊ֮ǰѾָ˲٣ϧȽǣ֣ǲûʲô󰭣ֻǵԽ룬˶ԽԽСģѹƵ͡
ѵͨ˴ŶʮӣƣȻֻж˼ʪ֮УԭķҲһЩǰͨٴδխ˶һۣԶԵЩ
ֹȥӣ˰׿һͨڣǰǸɽȰĻȴǲһֻȻ֮С
ʲôط
߳ڣ˻Χȴɫʮ־졣
֪ǲδ뿪֮ǰǸɽķΧ˵ģ֮ǰ˺üգҲٵطһ飬ȴδôһɽȵĴڡ
Сһ㣬ܾϢЩ̫Ծ
ϧȽü΢
ΪʦȻⷽȲ飬֮˵ڹϢȴž޴ơ
ţ
ϧȽĻͷֵĳȥһԵôСģȻⲻ̫ɽȣȻӱϿûκ⣬ȴϧȽһΪѹ֮С
ϧȽǲǷʲôע⵽ϧȽɫ仯뵱ʵ
˵
ϧȽüҡͷһ߻УһϸĹ۲ΧһһݣһһûзŹ
ԣӣȥǱߣ
Ȼ䣬ϧȽפŤͷ볯ȥ
ܿɽȵɽ£̧ɫЩɽڣϧȽɫΪء
ϧȽ㡭
Ϊ⣬Ȼɫȷһ㣬ƺҲûʲôİɣ
ꡭ
û˵꣬ϧȽ㽫ʳָڴߣץһڱᣬɫĵȻˣɽھȻȫѪȾɫѪںһ𣬸ɺֳ֮ģ
Ѫ
ϧȽ⻰ʱɫ˲䡣

һɲǣȻ仹û˶˵ʲôʲôһΪ̶ЦȻǰɽںȻѿʮֻɲǼѾϧȽܹ˵ĵ·ȫ
ʮˣÿһԪڵʵҴѪɫ֪ǾѪ֮ˣÿһ˫ĿֳһƬѪ죬ͬҰްķ
֮ǰǹ̶ЦǴЩ˵Ϊ֮˿з
ʵǿһֱϧȽо˾޴Σ
û뵽ǾȻܹܵ
˹Цſڣʮ̶ִŪ˶Ĥۡ
ϧȽۣһĨâֳһƣ΢صϵһ졣
ϧȽˣǳЩ˵Ҫʲôʲôط
֪ƫƫ㣬ǲھȥǾ͹ԹԵ־ܣ˿ɿڣЦŻصɱȻ
ʱҲǧϧȽ˽һҪ־ܣΣҲͶ
ãҾǣ֣
ҲϻһУܵʮѪ֮˱һӵϣûиϧȽٶ˵ʲôĻᡣ
˷ɱ֣·¶ȶ½˲١
˽һ񣬳ƴһսľģǱԥչ˲˼ս֮Уڸղ˵ˣȴվԭأɱǣʱ׼ˡ
ʮ˵ʵÿһٶԪڡ
ϧȽ˱ѾأϧȽ֮ǰɣǵĵҩиղǸɽȫĻָȻǶΪϵ׸ˣ
ȻˣƾǸԱʵʮԪѪ֮˵ΧУϧȽ˸ûκһܵļ
ϾΣȫʢʱڿѾʥʵ
Ϊʦźħŵˣ˵ȷŸ߸õʣ
ƴˣ
Ͼ˵ԵʣʱһȴҲЩΪ̣ʶм˺ϧȽǱѾƴһսľģ
¾ҲѪУǸӵ
ৡ
¶ģ˱ǽзȫת˹ûȥģһֻŽЩȫɱԱ߿Ϸˣ
ȻǼΣ֮УֻҪǸ˾Ͳǲսʤģ
ʵڲеĻǴ˾Աƴھ
ʲôµģ
ڽļʱ䣬˵ķ񱬷£ΧΧǵѪ֮һһֻ̱ϧ֮ǰܵĹУϧȽĶѾˣڶӵĻ£ЩѪ֮˸Ϊǡ
ǣϵôĲ⣡
䡭
ء
˽ĹУЩѪ֮˺ܶ࣬ʮӵʱѾнһҲٴ˸ƣ
£
Ա߿Ϸ̲סˡ
һλһѪֱֻʣʮ˷ɢȥɲǣѾϧȽǰ
̱ǵѪɫ˲䡣
˼ηˣͬʱʣµԪǰγɷ֣ɾڷָոճ͵ɲǣѪȻ
䣡
ǿĳ˲˷ֵĸǣݺݵغϧȽϣ
أ
˼ͬʱƺһδӰм׹أݺݵڵҳһӣ𵴣̳
ֶΣǰţ
˹ЦţƮɶ£ѪǿˣǳͲмЦݡ
䣬һ˫Ѫɫ˫иâ˸ɱʮ㣡
ȿȡ
ȼ໥ţ϶˺öѪһ󵽷·Կڸĳ̶ȣ
ѿɫ԰ֽ΢˲٣ʱᶪԼСһ㡣
Ȼˣ̧ӱߵ֮ʱ˫ȴûһ֮⣬

Ѫкһб̷ɳһѪɫ򣬺ƴһƿ֮ƵģǽߵϮȥ
Σ
Ѫɫϳǿɱ
ɣϧȽıеĻֻܵظȥһԧˡ
ݡ
ȻһɲǼ䣬һâȻڿи֣ʮ־׼Ѫɫײһʱĺ𣬶ϧȽ𵴵һ˲䣬оһڣգۼǵƻָ˴롣
ʲôˣ
˱һȵ
ɱǣʹûУ
һӰٸ֣졣
ӵĴţ̴˲ƶֻϧΪﲻ˽⣬ټɽʮصԵʣ컨һЩʱѰң
ȻĻʵ͵ˡ
ȻϵҲʮּʱϧȽΣգ


1830 ǿɱ˻֮ϣ
죡
˼ɲǣɫ˲䡣
Ѫ£ûвʶģ
֪ǣѪεжΪױƻѾΪѪµͷŴУ
ң
ۣЩˣǲǾûˣͰ쵱ɿ
㣬Ҫʲô
˵䣬Ȼǧý˳ɫΪ䣬ԿĻҡ
˵أ
һЦһʥغ˲𣿡
£һȻ𣬱ǧýһ⼱ٶֻһ˲ĹܱĲҺʣµʮѪ֮˽£һ㷴֮
ֶΣϧȽ˶ʱϲѡ
ڽʣµˣȴǻҲѣѪɫ˫Ҳһɱ⣬еֻ޾Ŀ־壡
ھʣԼˣ
·һ΢С¶Ƶģһֽǧý˻ĿȴЦЦĿˣڸˣ

ص
ʲô
췴ʵȴע⵽һĺâЦѡ
ȥɣ
װһΨΨŵŵӣȴ͵һ䣬ȫʵ˲䱬
һ˲ƱʱǰибѪɫֱಿλ
磬ģ
ϧȽ֮ΣȴԼ˶סˡ
ΪѪɫ˿Ƶģûһ֣Ҳǻɢͬһ㡣
ô£
˾첻ѣһ˲ɫ䣬ã
һ೯ȥ˸Ӧ㱻ݺУߵķһ˳ȥȫȻûһֿ֮
磡
컺ֳϧȽʱһϲæܵԡ
Ϊ֮ǰִʱѾͨľǻָ˴룬Ȼûָܻ۷״̬ȴҲﵽ⼸õЧ
ģû£ƾһﻹ͵ϮңǰΣ
ǺһЦһĵ󣬱˫кһǧýȻֱϮŴ̶ƿ֮˸ոסεɲǣǱֱӶ˸ѪȪӿովٴε˵ϡ
죬㣬㡭
ʹ಻Ѿϡ
ʲôң
ЦʥأҲǰţҿǻòͷˣ
Ѫ֮ˣҲ⣡
£ּٴκһ
ءһ˷һҺ˵㱻ըɿȥѪĭƬƮɣκĿܣ
ʵǿƵĳ֣ϧȽ˿ľ֡
ֱ󣬸ղŲˣǿо˵ĲһɴҲɿʵ֮ǿȷҲǶĳ֮ĸࡣ
磬
ϧȽ˴ĴָǾ塣
Ǿǣ˿Ҳͷ羴ѡ
ˣƨˣҲף
ûİ˰֣˵˵ɣô£˵ӦǴʮһģأòᶼ˰ɣ
Ķ磬Ʋǣ
ϧȽƵĵǱ簲Ȼ֪ľͱѪЩһ﷢ˣҺΪ˱֤ҵİȫŽЩߣȻһɽȻ󡭡
ϧȽܿ콫򵥵˵һ飬첻ͷܹôȷҲоһЩο
ȵȣղ˵ЩǴɽ߳ģ
ĵߵɽ𣿡
ţ
ϧȽͷʱҺʲôطأȻɽھһΪЩ˾һˣɽϵɫѪ϶أֲҿȥô֣
Ѫ
˸΢
ôټһɽڣҪѪȾǸҪɱ˲а
Īǡ
Ȼ䣬һͷĪϧȽײǷǸطУ취ȥ
˴һԵǰȫˣ뿪ҵǵˣ˳ɽıܣ
磬뿪֮ʲôϧȽʵ
ͿԼˣ
ʼ磬˵סСģҪ´ҪԼΪأ֪𣿡
֪ˣ
ͬʱͷϧȽֵ磬Ҫ𣿡
ţҪɽں浽ʲôΣգҲûзϡ
ɡ
ϧȽ˵ʲôȴִϣˣϧȽӿ뿪ס˵ģܺʱҪȫΪ
ǡðɣ
ϧȽ˾죬һͬʱǸɽԭ·˻ȥ
뿪ɫȻŤͷǰɽȥӶһɲǼǽɽΪ졣
һʱ䣬κ֮
ϧȽԣҲ֪Ǿƭģ
ԣп϶ʲôδֵĵط
ɢžһһϸ̽ڼӹһĨЦ⣬Ȼˣ
˵䣬ӡֱĴ̤ǰɽȥۿžҪײˣĽŲȴ˿δͣ
ŴŴš
ûײϣ˺ռһ㣬ʮֹĻûɽ֮Уȴֻǰһֱһɽȡ
˵ֻһɽȣɽûֶַˣ
ȴǾÿռ䶼ЩͬΪ̺ŵľԣԷλĻǶϷ
Īǡ
򵥵ĿһܣһƬտ֮⣬ֻз·Ѫ̾͵ĵ棬Ѫ֮ɫϢӳ
вĺۼ˿ȴѾһˣ϶ЩĵطڶˣȻ˴ڣ
һͷȴٴԺ
뵽֮ǰ˵İ˻֮ԣټЩŨľһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬¾ǰ˻еĶϷλˡ
ˣôϹѪڤ˻Ƕ󷨣ضһʮҪĵطҲѹֲ»ͬʱһʥصڴ
ǰ˻֮ϣôһĳķպͻ۶֮ӶΪǲѪڤ˻Ƕ
ϸϸţĿȴΪĳܴ
ȻȷСȴҲֻҪЩʱȫԿȴ˿ûз֣üͷ
ѵʲôطҺ˵ģ£ߡգ
˴ľѸصף˼ʵ֮
ܿ죬̧ʣһƬʣƲʶû٣ƺκ֮
ô£
Щˡ
Ȼ˿ȴûܹκλش
лЩڣ֪˵Ļ͸ʥصǸһһʵֱӳʣͲҲ˵
ڣ˶ѾĲˣ뵽ЩҲȫû취


1831 ʬɽǺһ
ԣ
һպ󣬲֪Ȼ뵽ʲôٴθ׳濴ȥ
ȷԣ
ΪЩطȫһ
򵥵˵¾һλϵ죬Щ㶼ʼһ㲻䡣
֮ǰ쾫̽飬Ȼûκ֮ϸӹĺԼɷЩȫһ£ͷ·ֱӸճƵġ
ղûʲôںܿȴǺЩԾ
ֵģ
ô£
üȻԺȴֺȻǸɽڵĴڣɵٴ˳˼
֮ǰ̫ˣ
۾΢΢˸ǵĹâ

˼УĿʱʱڵɨץһᣬüͷԽ塣
ȥ˲ʮӵʱ䣬۾һˣˣˣ
νɽڣԼڽȵĵ棬ʵһģ
ֻһصַ߷ָͬʱȴԻķʽֳ
򵥵˵˽µһЩطַչֳǸɽڣûķʽȫڲ޷ıʡ
Ҳѹ֣ղᵽζʱ򣬾;ԽԽ֡
ֽͣȻȷôܣţҲֻһΨһĽˡ
˵ôǸӦڵˣ
ٴۣɲڿն𣬻ּʮâֱϮżΪɵȺ˳򣬼ٳ·ĳһλȥ
ЩâĿ궼ֻͬһ㡣
ţһضɽҡȻǵ汻ֱӴһ׵ĶڣȻ󣬵ȴ⣬洫ƿ֮
˻
ľЩâصףֻ֮ǰЩʵȫȻ٣ȡ֮ľȻһƬѪ죡
·Ѫ̾͵һ룬ûȥ춼ŵޱȴ̱ǵѪȣɫ˲䡣
һƬѪУȴһɭİ׹ǣһѪԣֻͨΪĸоЩ׹ǵ࣬Ȼûһʬȴǧ֮ࡣ
ʮĵصףáʬɽǺһˡ
쿴ĿѣѪЩֶμ̵ֱ˷ָ
Ѫ£
ŭһûȥ̽鵽һУѪ¸޾ɱˣ
ڸô죿
һþָӽâڸصײϴͬʱȴüͷٴ˳˼
ôȥĻ»֪Ҫˣ
Ѫ֮˶ɱˣҪɴཫٵ
˴˫ӿҪ֮ʣЩȴֺȻȫɢȥ
УôҲûʲôã
ۣ㱻ˣǻԺܿȥطϾ˻г˶ĸΧҪΪȷĵص֮⣬ĸ򶼿𣬲ô׼ȷ
»ǲҪٵΪã
첻Цһ£ֲһֱߣѲɻҪǼȥ

Ȼ֪ʲô΢΢һаȵĻߡ
飬
ɲǼ䣬һȣ˸ɫâĺǴĿֱû棬ǿ£ȴǽԲ֮ȫ
ЩȴǺܿ뵽ЩУȥһ仯
ٺ١ӦþͲˣ
һĨϷʣһѪµҲԵһʱܹͨб仯ʱܹһЩ䲻ã
£һУǽѾâĺڡ
ѾҪʱȥ۷ʵʱ䵹ҲҪǰ˺ܶ࣬ҲҪüա
Ҳ˵˵Ļ⼼ܡ졯ȴǸ޷ʹõģ
ܹúסҲδһ£
һϵеĶǸһӣһʱᱬӣ

磡
˴ɽУ뿪Ǹط󣬱ҵϧȽڵĵط˲Ʊֱӹȥ
˾Ϊ˷ܣڴ˵صҲǷ׷׹̬ȹ˼㡣
Ͼҵ̫ϳϣгΪֻĴڣ
ôû뿪
üŴϵƣȻڵ԰ȫָܹһЩɲ˻δɫԵʮѿ
Щҩôҷ£
óһƿ˵ҩȻ̫أЩԪʵˣҲǷǳˡ
ϧȽæһôҽҩ̷ֿǸԼæ״̬˻ָ֮ŷĲ١
Ȼ˼ΣգϧȽ˵Ĵ£ټļʱֻ֣ʧ˼ˣҲܹܵķΧڣҲһ˵ˡ
ǽʲô㣿
ʾºʵ
ǻָˣ뿪Ϊ㣬΢ɢһЩֹٴαѪ֮ҵĻϧȽܿǻص
Ϊ㣿⵹ʧΪһ취
ףֵѾȫѪµ£ȻǲƿضκһǻǺΣգ㻯ΪܹٱֵķգһǼûʲôĿܣ
ԣȴҲϧȽ˿Цѡ
벻㣿
ֻڵ˵Ҳ벻ʲôõİ취ˡ
Ϊң
ڣ򵥵ȴ̺ױȵļᶨ
ΪҲ٣ҲҪ˼Լȫ
ûĵҪ˶ˣ񲻳˿סκʱ򣬶ҪԼİȫΪأ
⣬ҼסʲôΣգϵң
ǧҪ³ç£ҿɲʬ
ˣˣ
ڰ֣ϧȽ˵ʲôαԭػʧ
ʵΪǵİȫȷʵ̫ϳϵ̷أȴûô
һ첢֪ǰ⸽ľʲôϾݿ
ֻ֮ʣܹĸøͻơ
¾ǰҲֳȥľٶ
εȷҪǰΣֻҪܹյĺãδ˵һξûᣡ
ˣϧȽЩ㣡
Ȼ䣬ֺȻˣһЩƿӻһЩֵֹĶȫϧȽУղŲˣתģ
̫ÿлл磡
ϧȽĲѣٴΰڰֺ˲뿪
ЩܹĻִ˲٣
ϧȽжѣԵҲЦݣ˵ޱȼᶨ²žΣȴԾûκε֮⣡


1832 Сع飬ƺͮ
ȥˣֱӻصء
רԺУЦڶ
ϵľһжʱûСһѦ
ҲΨһͽܣСʦ
С˷ֱܵ˵ĻС
֮ǰƼݣСѾĽ˵չֳΪõЦݡ
ԭЩԻƵͷ˿Ҳں
ͽʱС꣬ڲŹȥʱ䣬仯ֱ֮ţ𾪵ĻСʵѾﵽ˵Ԫڡ
˵㲻ʲô
ˣǰСȻҲʵȴ춼ûͻơ
ˣǰĿ˵Ҫ
СѾͷӭ
ǺһЦСԴ
СҲǿֱЦСèһۣܵȫ뻶֡
ְ֣ҲҪ
ҲҪ
ҲˣһһҵıסĴȣԴһ󱧱Ŀģ쿴ĹֱЦڷСֱַСһһڣǺܵԱһȥˡ
СȻֻʶã໥䲢ûκ裡
СһǻֵЦҲ΢΢һЦ
磬ôˣ
Ťͷȥ
Ѿ׳˴˶
СʱëѾͷӣһһЦ崿̬ҲΪο
ְ֣ҡҡ
죬СЩΣ֪˵ʲôԵɬ

Ϊɻ󣬲ûٴζʲôű˿Ůӵ߳
ǱˣʦĪˮʦＧõ
СӣôǺܾ𣿡
Īˮûĳһۣ
ٺ١ǲǾȣǾϲţ
ǰȥȡλãĪˮĸ첲ЦǹңҸ˻أ˵ˣСָܹҲǶλʦ𣿡
⻰˵Ļ࣡ߺߣ
ĪˮһЦ̧ԴżǾȲˣƶ˵Сӣƶ㻹ܣô𣿡
ҲҲû취
Цѡ
۷ĸ֣ҵ̫ϳϣĪˮ棬ȴһСƵģܹ㿪Īˮó֣춼ûκζ㿪˼
ܰܣ
ˣúϻˣ
ĪˮƲƲ죬ҺʦﻹصǾǣСӣȥƶ˵ŮǺеģƶϢϻȥ
˺ˣʦ֪ˣ
ڨڨһЦĪˮͼõŮͬ³ȥٳԺ֮ǰĸһߣ쿴ĿЦãҲֻεҡҡͷԺǳϢķȥ

ʱǰߣӵԮǰʱ򣬳ҪϢΪڣصľķС
ϾƻУ˯Ҳ֮е飬Ҷû˿Ļɡ
ɩӣڻˣ
˶֪£ƵķкȻһŮӣһ㣬ȴǸ˿ʵ
ȻϳϵһЩ㣬ٶȺܿ죬ȴΪţƫƫȴ޷գͬλһ㡣
ȴƺʶɩӣƶûһĲ¶һĨЦݡ
ͮ꣬ôֱӹңѵͲ±ؽ𣿡
ŮߣΪһ裬ЦȵɣҭˣȻȲǱߵģѾ㼫Ʒˣ
ڳĻȻᷢŮǺǰˮλõǸŮҲǺ񲻾й
ͮͮͮ꣡
ţллɩӣ
ͮһЦӹ豭һŪóƿЦãæóΪ˲ǵĲա
˶ദʽͮ˿ϵĲЦݣͼûٹ
ѡĻԸʱԼλɩӴһ
ôҪȥٰ׼һ㣿ͮ꽫һ꣬ƵЦӯӯ
˲ˣҳԱ
ͮҡҡͷյƸǰС͹ԵĸЦɩӣһֻҸĹ⣬ϲŶ
Ѿͷ
û̧Ҫͮ굱һЦɩӣɲ֪أϵ軹֪㻳ˣĸأǡ
ͮĻƲɫࡣ
ðɺðɣҲ˵˻𣿡
ͮ״죬һҡͷԡ
˵ɩӣǹֶŮѾҸǰ
ͮ껹ûסڳƵһ£ջٴα죬Ϊ˱ʾԼԲٶԣС죬óƼǿЦá
˵°ɣ
һͮ꣬ι²ֻǿô򵥰ɣ
˭˵أ
ֱͮӻصЩ˸ȴԵĸ߳Ʋˡ
Ҳ˵ôͮꡣ
ͮҧҧѽɩӣ֪˽˼ҵģ˼ֱ˵𣿡
ǻ㣿һɡ

˾죬ͮҧ˼ʵȥ谢ǵ֪Ѿȡ˿ռ֮ףȻȥ谢̣оλүүҪҪȥǱߣ
أƺܹͮƵģʵ
ʲôУҡ
ͮ죬û˵꣬ڿЦЦı֮ʱȴǲٴɩӣô
ûУ
ͷЦ
ðɺðɣ
ͮоǵǸ
Ǹ
һ㶣ͮȴǼţǵǸ˵Ȼ⣬ȷҲ˺ܳһʱĳ˯Ҹ㣬ĻԵȻΪϿԲ𣬵ȴԾӲ

ƴʱü΢ЩףôֹϵˣĪĳ˯Ҳйأ
Ҳأ
ͮҡҡͷֻǵ˵ˣܹɹĻͻᳬԽĲΣҾͲ֪أ
ˣ֪ˣ㡭
ƲȻĵԴҪ׼˵ʲôʱſںȻƶں˭˵
硭
ͮ۾һ뵽ʲôʹһɫ˲ʧһռû
֨ѽ
ͮʧ˲䣬˽
磬˰
ӯӯһЦȴǿ˿䣬Ȼѵҳֻˣղƶں˵
˰
ûѵ㻹Ҳɣ
˵䣬һΪģŤͷȥⲻٿ졣
ûûУĻỳƶ㰡
켱æǰ˶§뻳Уٺ١ҾǻԼҲỳģ
ߺߣҪ´ΣҾҲˣ
Ҳ֤˫ѾʼڳƵߣŪóһûס


1833 ֣쫷磡
ƱϾˣΪ˰ȫҲҶ̫ǿͷǹаֻһֵʰˡ
һ֣ͣǹаȴҲڳƵֿڲͷ˳ȫܣԼǽѣüζݺݵȥ
־ٶһһôأ
ˡ
俴ֱЦӣóơҧҧԼڻУ¶ҪǸֱ˹ȥˣȻԼ˵顭
һʱ䣬ͳƵٯٯжɹ
ʱ֣λʦŮԼ⼸Сһһߣʱ÷е˲٣ĪˮͼõֹĵóƸжѡ
һƵܵһ£СԹͽţҲûԳʲôȡ
ļʱ䣬λʦһֱߣרȥõмһ⣬Դ˸̾ѣÿΪܵ佱ЦݵʱĪˮֻԥĳ𼸾䣬һֱŵ飬ѺŮЦѣЩСһﶼǿֱЦŪֱﵽ˼㡣
תۣչȥ
գרԺУһʦԱ߲Զʮ˲ŶֻЦͼûٹ
Ҳ֪˭ȻҪŪĿ⣬ʱĪˮͼõλʦҲ£Ķʲôԣ׼һϵеʳģԺпʼտ
ǣΪжܳЩĳҲܹ֣Ļ˵ǣȻܳԣѵҲһ£
ðɣ仰ȫԶԣ
ȻտȻ˸ͷȴ޷ȥ
ոտʮݵʱ漱ٵĽŲ㴫˽ȴҲǱˣ
֮ĪˮͼõһֳǼŮʾһ£㼱ҴҵȥƵС
ʱ쵽֮ʣȴǷƵ⻹ӰǴŭԼݡ
ڼԼΪĳϵүүԨ֪ڱĶľУҵŭλȴǾְĴЭ

ݼ죬̽䰴ϡ
ʱЩ϶ĴŭҲȫһģڿĿֻ־ӣϾݺǰ̫ͬϳĸ־ŭٲκεĲ
ϣϣʲô飿
΢΢üʵ
ˣ
ʱ򣬱ƽʸܷܷľͼ˻롣
ƽʸܷܷ֮⣬ľͼҲһ£ѾȷһˣҲֻһϵĻѡ
ȻҲ
δľͼԵøӳˣʵҲʥغأһеٮٮߡ
°ɣ
ͷʾºϺͶϽһջڵܣǰղǺ˵ڶһѪڤ˻Ƕйصĵطǰ˻֮ϣ

ףȴ͵ɫһ䣬ѵ
û˵꣬۵ҸսӵطϢҲ˼пֵܵطܹ
˵䣬бһֽдһЩʲôݣƮƮķɵǰ
æӹȥͷϸĿţƽҲǷ׷״˹ҶˣҲʲô
ֽϵݲ١
пܵĵطϸһ飬ֽһЩ鶼ȫд쿴üͷ塣
֮󣬽ֽŽƽţȥԱϸԼüͷ΢Ļ˵ȷпܣҷֵǸطżΪŨľԺͻ÷ϰ˻Ķ֮ԣ
طһǵĻˮԺľԣԼԣ÷϶֮֮ԣ
֮طпǰ˻֮ϣ˻֮Լ˻֮ϣ
˵λ漴׷׵ͷҲôģ
ôܣˣ
طȻڶķΧȴԶһǰ㣬²һܹȥģԡ
һˣЦ
ЦЦʱԳڨЦȴҲԥĵ˵ͷ
ҿȥ
Ƭ̣Ӧ֮ȴֺԵҪȥһط
һط
˾һ
磬ҪȥĶҪȻҺܷܷҲһȥɣƽ˵ҲһԾԾԵģ
Ҵȥһ쫷磡
ȻڳƬ̺ŵƽܷܷܺǾһ˰˻֮ϣȥ쫷֮ȥ˻֮Ȼڰ˻֮ϼϣô
лЩǣϾƽʵȻѾﵽʥ򣬵վǲһЩǷƽʱѾ㹻ѪĸŰҪȥطһҲǼӴƽΣա
лʸܷܷʵҲȻ־
ûƽͻʸܷܷԥӦ
ϣϣ磬أ쿴ˣʵ
Ȼô˵϶⣡Ǿôɣ
ŭЦЦ˵
ݺҲ׷׵ͷ
أ۾˾죬Ŷľͼֱ۳ʵ
Ǿͺú
˵˵ѡһȥôûȥ
ǲŻأˣۼ졣
ɣȥϵһ£Ҳȥú
ãлл磡
ЦˣľͼĴ󺺣ҲԴл
漴ֺͼ˵һ뿪Ƶϵһ±ϸԹӶľͼȥȻڴӦ
ţֻȥ˵һڼŮ΢΢УǼСһľУǺܿ뿪ˡ
ȥ쫷ǱߣҲһʱ
һȥ
λʦҲʱ˵Ҫ뿪ϾͷϹԶҲġ˵λʦôżȥǺͷٸһʦ
⻰һλʦͷϺݺݵó˺üŪҷֻԿЦӦԡ

Сӣôˣ
ĳɽУϹԶʱһĨϲȴֱһۣΪĵ
ôﲻУ
һƲ죬ػص˵ˣֲϲļһߺߣ
СӣҴ򣡡
ϹԶȭֱ˦˹ȥٶȼ죬ȴû޿㣬ǺܿϹԶʮιϹԶΪ㵣λʦҲ΢һЩ
ʵ
ĪˮΪ֮ϲѣٴ˸º˲ڿն𣬳ϹԶһֹͣƣûĵͷӣҳ쫷磬ϲĸòҸɣ


1834 쫷ţ˻֮
ˣϹ٣Ϲˣʦͽʲôʱİһ
ǰϹ٣òһΣ
ĪˮͼõҲ֮ڣϹԶ֣ͣʾ
ͷӣĲٶ˰ɣ
Ȼȴûʮ־ʵ
Сӣ㡭
ϹԶôӵۣ˵㻰ΪӻСһˣ
ˣ٣
ƲƲ죬ĲмϹԶòС
˵컹ǺܿĴӰз
ϹԶ״۾һɣĪˮͼõ֮λ˵ŵ۾ֻߺߵĺݺݳȥҲûмֵ˼
漴˺ܿĽ뵽һռ䣬Ҳ쫷Ĵ֮أҲĴӪڣ
֮ѪµѪռ䣬֮۷ؿռ䡣
Ȼ۷˵쫷ռĴڣȴҪӵļһЩϾ۷֮⣬һؾڣ
쫷磬쵹ЩȤҿʱʱҲϼ䡣
ȻϹԶûǸشģûء
Īˮ뼧õλʦϵΪһУܿ쫷ռһʶ
˴Űʱ쫷ռȺۼڡ
һƵģ֮࣬쫷ЩķչеΪ졣
Ҳǵһ쫷֮ˣܹ˰ɣ
ϹԶĪɽĪүӵĽǶ˵ʵҲ㲻ˡ
ôСӣܾȰɣ
ı飬ϹԶź룬Ц
С
һƲ죬Ҫ˵ʲôʱ·ԵȴǷ׷װȥμҽˣμλˣμа٣
ɣö񣡡
ϹԶɫ˲üΪȻ̧֮䶼޾ӿ·ղԵǸϼһﶼһ
쵹Щ΢Ƕʶң
Ǻǣ֪ʦ
Īˮ΢΢һЦû˵꣬ӭһӰǱˣδĪɽĪүӡ

Īɽ첽ü뻨׵ȴ¶˲õЦݣСŹˣ
˵䣬Īɽļ
СӣûµĻǾԲԹģĪŲţϹԶԱ˵
ˣû£ȥ˵ɣϹٰҾͲкλˣ
Ҳк
ϹԶһЦĪˮõһֱͬǰȥƺȫ쵱һ켫Ϊ
ˣҲȥɣߣ
ĪɽЦЦǰ˵Ĳڲһ·ĹУܿıǴӣ˾Ӵǧ׿һׯ԰С
ׯ԰Īɽľסأ
쫷ռУٲȻޱȳ羴ĵط֮һˡ
Ȼһط쫷ҽϹԶס
쫷֮δ֣ƹһϹԶĪɽΪ˵䣬Ȩˣ
Сӣ˵˵ɣʲô
ŮϲˮϹԶֱʵ
ЩĪɽϰߣδκβֻԿЦӦԡ
˺ȴһ֮ǰĺɢͷӣ˵Ѫڤ˻Ƕ󷨣
ʲôʲôģֲЩ˵֪ϹԶûػص
ðɣҰˣҡ
ЦãԤϵȴҲ⡣
ȵȣ
Īɽȴ۾һУղ˵Ѫڤ˻Ƕ󣬶ѪڤǶ󣿡
ţ
⻰쵹Щ΢㶣ǰĪүү֮ʲô𣿡
ˣ
ĪɽһɫѿĵѪڤǶȻȴҲûʲô̫вжˡ˻ġ֣Ǿȫͬնˣ
ô˵
ڳ˾Ƿ׷ɫȻ
˵Ϲٰ㲻Ҳ伮ѵûЩĪɽҡҡͷʵ
ҲȤģһ򲻿ңҽܵĴҲûЩϹԶʼ磬ص
Īүүϰ߾ͺˣϼһһ˦ƹ񣡡
ƲƲ죬ҲȫǸѧģߺߣ
Сӣ㻹Ҵ򣿡
ϹԶ۾һɣֱһƲ죬ȥ
ʦͽദʽϵľ⣬Ա߼Цѡ
콫˽⵽Ѫڤ˻Ƕһ飬üɫѿ
롭Īɽʵ
쫷Ļɷ˰æһ°˻ĵλãɽ˳ɹԥ˵
ԣ
ĪɽҲ˼ֱӦ£ҺϹٶܹɳһЩˣͲҿ϶ˣϾڶѪƿأ
˶٣Īɽֵ˵ѪռǱߣûд̽ʲôϢ
ûУǸ
ЦڵѪռ俴ʮƽʵȴﰵӿһκξٶضᱻϣǱ߶һʱ䣬ҺûΣȻѾ¶ˣ
˿Ѫ¿̲סҪˣ
Īɽ۾УҲգҲʱһʤʱˣΣܽѪǶκĻᣡ
ǰ
ҲĬĬס
Ѫ£Ѿ˱Ŀ꣡
㲻Ϊ˵İΣΪԼҲҪƴһս
ʤǰܣܿͿԷֳ

쫷ռвδãϹԶĪɽһºһЩ飬ֱӸ뿪
ûε񣬻Ҫȥһ˼пǰ˻֮ĵط
һȷþҪ֮ǰ˻֮һһӣ
㲻ܼʱֹѪڤ˻ǶĲãҲҪԼһᣬһȴңĻᣡ
ҲĿģ
쫷ռ뿪㰴õϢǼпǰ˻֮ĵط˲ƶȥ
ڱѪµħצû쵽ߣʶҲڲΣ˲ƵٶȷҲ֮ڶʱ˲١
۷ʵŻ˲ʮʱ䣬ѾĿĵء
ﲢǴ֣һܾûпκ
վԣϸĿ˿ܣܿȴǷѼ⵶зµǺš
ȥǣֹ
û˵꣬㶸Ȼɫһ䣬κԥĳ˿
ء
ҲһɲǣԭȥΪƽ󣬾Ȼӿཬƿ֮ĳ˷ɢűһʮ׳ľֱɶſѪڳ˿ķ׷Ϯ
ʲô
ڼΪҲʶˣɾϲߵʲôħޡ
أ
ۿžٽǰԥĻȭ
һǾԸٶȱУһƺ°ɫȴΪأ˫Ƭ˸żΪľâ


1835 µɱ
߹ȻѰ
ۣâ˸
ȻֻһΣȴԸо̺Ŷ֮Լ֮
֮⴦֮ǰɽȵİ˻֮һпǰ˻֮
ɽţȴ΢΢Щ
ܣδκβ֮ȫԿ϶Բʮ֮ڣ֮⣬޵ڶ˴ڡ
ǰ˻֮Ѫ֮ɽ²أ
ôΨһĿԣˡ
뵽첻۾ٴ˫кһ˲䣬һмת˲ֱ֮УʱཬһѪȽӵĴ̱Ϣ
𡭡
΢΢üɲǣһŭȻ𣬱ཬУ֮ǰ˵ľٴγ֣Ϣų˹ȥ
ղ̽һȴԽķŭ
Ѱʥǿ߹»ĲĶ֡

оϵɱſѪڣҪֱ븹ڵľٶȴɫһ
ȳԺǧý漴УԪӿ֮£âһǿҵƿ֮
ݡ
ûٽǰǼâֱӶӴüѪȻչ֣ѪȪӿ˳
໡
ʹ֮Ѱħ޸ҵĺǾ޴׹ڣһ˲Ĺ򣬱ԭɫ˺ɫѪںγɵġ

ȻһƣǾ߼ٴûʱΧԪγһ֣ԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾϡ
߻ûӦոϵͬʱ˴߱Ѿû֮ڣѾ׼ͬǰѣ˹߱û谵֮⣬ûӦĵط
Ҳδá
ڲʮ֮󣬱ǾǰȻʣһص׿ռĴڡ
׼ȷ˵ӦͷԼܹܶĿĴڣһصľ޴ʯ
ʱ˵ľ߲ϵŭ𷭹Ҫı˦β޴򣬻ͷͼ˺ҧζ϶̩ɽ˿ûһ㱻˦˼
ء
Ǿ߾ǿʼʯϺݺײȥһһεʯ𵴲ݣȴ⣬Խˡ
ʲôˣ
Ȼ䣬һ𣬱ʮӰʯٶ
ÿһĴȻһȴͬһ˫Ѫɫ
Ȼ
ۣ͵ھ߱һԾ𣬽ϵľУǾ߳ܲס׹أһҵʹѪѪҲԽ˺ܶࡣ
ڣȴѾʮѪ֮˵ǰ
죡
ݵʱʮ˶ʱɫ䡣
ΪѪͷŴе죬òѪ֮п˵˲֪˲죬β
¸û뵽ǣ쾹Ȼܹҵ
ң
¶һĨаȵЦݣҲҽˣ˵˵ɣ
죬㲻Ҫ̫
һʥ֮˵ŭΪ̰֮ˣ
ǴһϣͲòһ֮
ܣûȥͣʱǴҶĺô˵
һʱ䣬ʮȺ鼤һѾǸԵܿ콫Χ
ϴǰ˻֮Ѫ֮˶ԣʮ˾Ȼȫʥ򣬲͵ĶʥأߵҲʼ˵Ǹʥء
˵ʮʥ֮˵ʵкɨһͼ嶼ʲô⡣
ɴˣҲԿѪʵ֮ǿ
ҳȫǣ
˫кһǹϵȳˡ
࣬һʥ֮ˣȫκεֿʱ˲ƶûóȻС
ӱ˲ȫ˸Ǳ˵档
˲ɫ̬ĺΣΪѣ趯˫˫ţ޷֡
ſ
˼״׷ŭȳ
ۣ
쵹ǺʹشӦˡ
ֻһѵ֮˷еһҺ˱㱻ͬһڵϣ΢鴤ºǳʧȥ
˼ˣ
˫һ̯˷ŭͨѪУȫûһ㻰еı顣
Ҫģһּ塣
ʥأоͬճӤ˿ûһ㷴֮
ɵɱַʣµѪ֮ɫѿ
ô˵Ҫץһȥ𣿻֣
ϷʵЦݡ
ʱЩˣȴ㿴ңģȻΪŭȴûһ˸ȶ֣
ȻҪͷ
ϷʵЦУȴǱüΪ
ݵһ£ζȻԭʧűǡҺͬʱӰԺ󷽵ɶǰǸԴѪѪȴڵ;γ޵Ѫ硣
ô£죡
ɫѿѣʵǿǸʥأҲ˿ûз֡
֮⣬ﲻܻеڶˣ
Ҹǿһͷ
»صԭأϷʵȴͬһʣµʮɫ԰ײѣиԵľɢ
˶٣ЦѾ˿ͷѵǻ붯֣

ʮ˽һȻΪ־壬Ǿûһ˵
񽻻֮ȴһıʮּᶨ
ǣ¾ҲᱳѪ£
ɱ
ԣһϣ
ɱ
ܿ죬ЦЦУЩ˷Ƿ˷ܼһͬʱŸԵϮȥ
ƣÿһ˶Ѿ˲䱬ǿʵ

ĿֻΪɱ죡
Ȼ˿̵ȴ΢΢Цѡ
ƾǣҲɱң
ǳԼʮˣϵĲм֮ɫʮԡ
ǧý佣ǿ󹥻֮ǰ˲ڿգں׷ĸֹУ̽ǧý趯ʮâǿҵĿռѸٳ·Ϯȥ
Ҫģͬһʱ䣬ϵӡĿռ֮·ܵǣһɲǼ佫ʮʥȫԭ׷ζʱֹסͬʱЩǿĿռ֮Уһ类ѨƵģҲܶ
ݡ
һ˫˫ģǿ־˫ͫУâѸײڶٶȣֱӿٶǸԵ࣬ʵǿʥ֮ˣҲȫûκη֮ıȫɱ
ռ֮ɢȥһ߾ʳ¯ʬأ˻֮еѪ֮ȫһ
ɱЩˣ½ǧýںĿȴǻ˲ԶǾߵϡ


1836 ˻֮ϣϣ
úð˵ȥ죬һܹһõĳ·
ʮӺľߵԴٴſһֱ֣գۼʧ
̧ĴԴ뿪ķ۾ɢһֶδϣżͺ󣬱ޱȹܣʧ
ʱܺһɫâƵģâ˸˼֮ȫȻʧµʯٴλָƽΨһͬľѪµʮһ⣡
˻֮Ȼٴαƣ
ھߣ˼Ƭ֮ȴǸһ
ΨһǵѪ֮˵ʱ޷֮ʣû˵ҲȺķԸô˴Ϊɽµ
Ϊ˵ԵʣķԸ߼ûκԥıӦ
û취
ӦĻھ·һˣ
ʲôĲģ
뿪΢һʱ䣬Ǿֱķ˲ƶȥ
֮ǰƽͻʸܷܷ֮Լȥ˻֮ϣڽѪ֮˺󣬱˻֮ϡ
ȥ쫷󣬽֮ǰǰ˻֮飬ڰ˻֮ϼϡ
һʱ䣬Ӧǲˡ
ƽʵȻҪһЩ֮ǰмڵټϱʾ㼫ΪҲﵽʥأ
ڻʸܷܷȻͲö˵ˡ
Ϊʸ˫ӴУ㹲ͬ˻ʸ崫ʵȻ򣬸˼Ϊ
ԣֻҪѪ֮е֣ƽͻʸܷܷһԶͲΣա
ΣȻѾ˰˻֮飬ôþ;ϹȥĻʲô⣬ɾˡ
õϢ˻֮˻֮Լ˻֮϶Ǽȷ˵ĵط
˻֮ϺͰ˻֮϶λ򣬶Ѿ׳ΪѪµ¡
֮ǰΪɽµĴɱ¾ʣµΣԭ鸽ѪµˣҲ׷ֿ־֮вòΥȥѪµһεõ
ӱ򣬶˵㲻̫Զ
ʵڲʮӵʱڣѾǿٵ˲ߡ
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˵ҵҲһѵ¶
֮˲ƵϷĴλãϾûȥǸط˲Ҳ޷ġ
磬
һЩط󣬺Ȼڳ֣첻΢΢һЦⲻƽͻʸܷܷǺˣ
ƽܣܷܷǱĻ찡
ǰЦ˻֮Ǳߵô
ٺ١磬ڣȻһжû⣡
ƽؿڣȫǵɪ
ƽ
ԱߣʸܷܷҲЦѣҲںǰƽһڣƽǼΪɪĻţ쿴ͷߡ
˵ҲҪһ̰ɣ
ûĵ
磬Ľ
ƽһ죬ɩڶ϶Ľǣ
ţĽʸܷܷСħŮЩ򳪸˼ͷ

ˣüëһҪ
˺ˣЦˣ
ƽ״æʸܷܷʹһɫ˷ֻֿƽڣڰ˻֮Ǳߵ˵˳
Ǳߴжʮˣʵǿȴֻʥأƽʵࡣ
ƽ䵥ǿɱҲ׷׽֮ǰһκλڡ
У֪ˣƽܿջ񲻴
ǺһЦƽļ
ǣ˭ҿδĳϣ
ƽӵɪˡ
⻰Ҳû˵
ŭھ֮ǰѾһͰĳǽƽɼ̳˰μ֮λ󣬴ϵλüͿȷƽɣ
Ȼƽ˷̬ҲֻǰװֶѣҪЩģİˣôҲܳ
Сӣδϣڻ̫ϳأ
ƽɪѵӣ쵱һ̧֣Դóһ۵ʲôõģŲһ仰δϣΪδĿˣ
磬ҴˣСҴˣٺ١дòСһʶɣĻƽʱһƨֱ̬·Ա߻ʸܷܷ˶ֱۡ
Сӡ
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ΧĻȷǣ
ἰ£ƽɫҲ֮ȻɫҺܷܷ賿ѾˣȥΧ۲һ£ѡطģ
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ԣƽһͣһͬʸܷܷȥ
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һ£̫ģˡ
ܷܷôûأƽҲʵ
Ϊʵû򣡡
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⼸Уһ㶼еıŮǿƽͻʸܷܷоȫ˹ƽʵЩʱ򶼾ԼЩ䲻ϻʸܷܷϾʸܷܷǽ˻ʸ崫еĴڣƽδһ϶ѡ
ݣʵƽҪ˲١
ȻⲢֹǵá
飬ⶫģ
మô˫ݵλЩͲҪҪֻǶԷ
ƽܣ
ƽ룬ļ򣬸һЦݡ
ֵ֮꣬ڴ˿̾ţ
߰ɣȥǱ߿ҰŪһ£
΢΢һЦӡΧһ֣Ŵƽʸܷܷ˳ǰֻȥ
ʵȫԲôģϾֲ֮ǰǸ
ΪԷһ컹ǲòˣϾô˵ƽʵվԲһЩ
ܿ죬˱ϢԱߴʮ׿⣬ǰ죬ȴһ㣬϶ҲҪ鹦µķ֡
ȻϢЩԣ
ۣϸϸ۲һҲüΪ
һʲôû֣ƽҡҡͷ

Ƭ̣ԵȽȥʱߡ⣬ܷܷǵñƽܣ
İɣ磡
ʸܷܷԥĵͷӦ£ƽ˿죬˵ʲôȴû˵
˲ԭʧͷ·һ㣬˵ƽˣʵĻʸܷܷ޲


1837 ˻֮ϣ£
һ֣ʱоһֲԡڸղ˵ڵĸоΪԣͷ·ж˼ճϢ첻ü
ŤͷȥȴǷֺ·ѾȫڣֳããһƬͺһƬռ䣡
󣡡
ۣкâ˸
ֻҪסң
΢΢̳һмĻߣ˫ֿʼӡϵҲǷӿ
֮ǰȥļطжﲢûһѪµǿߣɽºͰ¸ڴˡ
Ҳȥ˼׸ȥѡһЧֱӣȴҲİ취
Ǿǿƿ
۷ʵȥǿƳ
Ͼ棬ų֮˺ܶʵַҲ޷ʵ࣬˵֮˻ҪǿһЩĻַȫˡ
Ͼ󷨣ҲһֶʵķŴ
ʱӿУΪĳܷӣɲǼֲϲ¸ʮԶƽͻʸܷܷ˶оʮУԵֿѹֿȥ
ǿ
ΪһصĻʸܷܷ˿̵ĸоƺҪƽһЩ𺳡
ƽĬĬͷδԣ˫ȴǷŨŨľ֮ɫ
Խĳų羴
ܹͬǸǶˣ
ǶһغΧҪܵ
ĴȻ˶һæлعԴʮֵľ
죬ڴ֮ȴ͵ڿգ˫ӿȻ˫ѹһֲʱӣֺݺݲ˺ü£űǳ׻ָƽ
һжٴ
ҪģȴǺȻеʮˡ
ÿһѪɫۣһ˫˫Ѫɫ˫Ǻ˲ѣǺһͷͷҰޣ¸ûһ˵ʣ
ɱ
ʮ˳ֺ󣬱ֱӳջص˹ȥ
һһչֵļΪ

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һһʬ֣ȴԵǰ⣡ѪɢУȻһѪûմϡһ½嶼ûС
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ɱ¾УȴҲϸ۲졣
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˼ʱ򣬺ȻĲԶʸܷܷһ⡣
š
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аЦ˲ӿոЩٶȣŲӱѾǽʮȫһ
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ͷЦôĪ㻹ΪҺϲɱˣ
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ļ򣿡
ƽһȴЦħŮܷܷǺǡѾһӣֻҪԸ⣬𵽵ãֱɱǸ࣡

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˺ˣȲ˵ˣ
֣ǻȥɣǡ
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ƽܣܷܷȻȥɣסͣ
һţպô˵
磬㲻һȥ𣿡ƽʵ
ˣ
ҡҡͷȴǺֵˣܷܷƽһ⣬ԼȥΣ

ȻĻһ㲻쵽Ҫʲô
ǺһЦҲûжͣôǸòǲҰɣ
ûе¶
˺ԥҡͷƽҲ֮Ӧã磬Һȥ
磬ҪչƽһŶʸܷܷҧҧ˵
ˣİɣܷܷҲƽȥ˵ģˣԼԹԻȥ
һЦڻʸܷܷĽУһסƽļ˱˲ʧˡ
磡
ʧΧռеЦʸܷܷΪ߷ߵĶ˶ţ֮ҵķ˲ƶȥ
ƽİΣΪԵʣʸܷܷû˿ġ


1838 ²⣡
Ԫ½޾֮
ƽƽԽɻͲ֪쵽Ҫʲô
ˣˣ
΢΢һЦƽɻУкȻһƽûü˱Ѿһâȫ֣Ŀռ֮ƣһɲǼʧ
ƽֻЩܿƣֿռ˺ͷĿѣ֮С
ҺãָоֻһȫȻʧ˿ƽܹ̤ʵˡ

ƽܣȴʮֵĺ档
΢΢һЦδͣżͬһʱ䣬һһŮӰǰ˳
Ӻجu
ϵܣ
ֺ󣬱ǰЦӵһ¡
ϸ磬ɩӣ
ǺһЦجuЦĴһкŽƽһ顣
ԭ֮ǰ׼뿪֮ʱܴŵĶ
ﵽΪ£δԣֻпյĻȥһˡ
֮ԺȻŴƽһҲƽܹһʱ䣬ӣȻܾ
Ĳǰ˵Ŷӣɱ֮ǰ컹Ƽ˶ľͼ۹ʱҲδܾǽߡ
һУȫǿϣ
Ȼݣαˣ
Ͼ˼ҿϹʱڵʥڱ۷ʱȷû˺ܶ࣬ɶ˵˵˵ǰ
ΪӣجuȻҲˡ
Ȼϵ˵ˣʲô⣿
ǺһЦƽĲǲˣ㿴ȥһЩΣҲǾܹģ
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˼Ƭ̣ӦǿҲһǼ£ֻҪ񾳽繻ˣҲ˳ƽܣ˵أ
һȫ簲ţûƽ̻ص
Ǻãȴȥ
쳯جuͷ·Ĵƽȥ˵Ĳҩ԰֮ĳطϾǴҩ԰ӵʱİ˶Ծĵط
㣬ʵ֮ǰȥֻܹ֮õԪ˽жѣһЩεľڵĲˡ
ţ
һԪһʥ
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£ƽû˿ԥĲСȴŻرգ»صجuǰ
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ĺҪɩ˵
ͷ漴جuʾһ¡
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ţ࣡ҲŤֱӵͷӦ
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⻰˫ۣɣ
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ΪףǾɵô˵ҲûƭԼıҪ
µȷģ
ںجuԱֵҲ֪Ϲʱھͱģ֮ԱҲΪѪ£֪ʱѪµĴͷ֮ˣǸһֱڰеĴڣɲ򵥰
˵ҪѪ£ҪȽǸҳü
㡭
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ڶأ첻ɫʵ
ڶǶʵͺ˴ˣ֮ϵ»ֻܲûлɹݰˣ˵
Ŷ
⻰첻üëһϸγԣ
˵
ȴ̾ҡҡͷֵܣʵǵ飬ҲˣȻҿ궼£˵Σɩؾһ𣡲ң֪ػĴУ֪Ҳ˹µģ

ЩԼԽԻˡ
΢һԣʵϸ磬˵ЩìܣӦȥѪ²һеôô
Ͳˣ
ҡҡͷӦѪе࣬Ӧйأ
ƣϹʱڵĺ𣿡쾪
ҲֻҵĲ²⣡
Ц˵ʵڵģԴɩӻָԺǵȷ棬ͬʱȴҲ뽫ҳ֪ΪȴʼպԲŻҸղ˵ĵһ㣡
Ϊʲôϸ˵ЩʵĪϸ˻ʲô
浽Ѫµͷһ֣
ɫʱ䣬һֱǱޣڤڤָоͳˣֵĪϵ˵
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һ뵽ղ˵ĵڶ㣬ɵɫ䡣
ߣû֮ǰѪռУ뿪ʱЩʱЩ²⣬ƶǲ֪ϸ˵˵ݣ˵ƶҲ֪˵Ĵڣֻǲݣʶûϸ˵
˴첻ھͻȥҳʸĳ嶯
ֵܣֵܡ
ӳ˼лѹ
ôˣ
ʲô
Цõĵǲ뵽п˭ˣ
ôף
˵ݿ϶Ϊأʶʶôָôȥֱ棿

⻰جuҡͷ
˵¾ֻһˣȡ
ֵܣȻԸѪ£Ʊؽض˶ϣԽһȷݣǧҪ
ϸģ
ЦڵˣҴӲ
Ǿͺã
һЦļ򣬵ҲܾûˣҪߣ
ۣ
ҲûʲôҪ飬ҲܿЦӦ
ҾͲˣЩҪجu֮˵
õģɩӣȥæɣùҵģϸҾˣ
ЦЦجuҲ֮뿪ߣڵĲҩ԰ͣ
İ˳ʸ֮⣬ֶһŵס
ĵȴδӰǵ˼к֮⣬ɳԼΧУûһķġ
д˰칦ͺجuһٷŴ뿪
뿪ȴδֱȥ򣬷΢Ƭֱ̣˲ȥ˲ݳ⡣
˲Ʋᱻ˷֣컹ǰϹأǡ
ܴĲ˵࣬Ⲣݳǵķ̶Ƚ֮ʤ࣬Ҳδֱͣӳڵλȥ


1839 ټ۵ľ
ү
үˣ
죡ȥ֪ͨү̫үүˣ
ߵſڵʱǼϲ񣬸ǽĺţòЩЦƬ̼䣬۶ȫ

ûȥãҼԼүӱЦݵӭӣЩ֮ܳС
үү
켱æ񣬶һͬԺȥ
Ͼ첻ˣҲûбҪȥ
Ժº󣬳үӱʵһ˻ģƶûһ𣿻ǼСһأ
»һˣǻ򣡡
ǺһЦʵˣүүʱ䣬ǻԪ½ƽɣûʲô·
ʲô°
ۺ룬ЦǺǵ˵

Ҳ֮Цǲݳǣû˲֪аĴڣǳҵ˲٣
û¾ͺãû¾ͺã
ͷλ뿴ǣܶ࣬鷳ҲС͵߻ʲôӣ
ܼ𣿡üʵ
ðɣ
ʼ磬֪Ѫ֯ǿɻǵãߣҲֳ˲С飡
ôǵã
ͬʱصǰǻԪ½кöѪ¼㲻˵ΪĪǡǱߵ飬Ѫйأ
ţ
ͷ򵥵˵һЩＫΪע⣬λ̫ġ
ҪʵڲУǸɴɣǵĵĵ
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ЦЦ漴Щ֮Уȴ뵽ʲô˵ˣүүôû
ȫ
֣ϹٷƵӣⷽ˵ȴɩӡ
ΪŮǳҵС㣬ⷽСӡ
ìУֱӺεĽ֣ϾЩȷҪСһЩ
ŶϲסȻԺǱߣĸҲˣһֱסǱߣЦŻص
ŶŶȥ
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˵һҶŴģ
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˵˺ܾõĻһֱʱ֣ȥԷʱͣ£һͬȥ˷Уһ㲻̫ʢȴЩ͡
󣬴һֱ졣
ۺͷǣҲǻص˳ߵרԺϢ

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ȻԺУĸŮصʱ򣬱ϹٷںԺкȲ裬÷ʱɫһϲ¶˼ΪҸЦݡ
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ϹٷɴһϮ£һס|ģý˶ʱ糺죬ɬĵͷ
Ѿһܳʱˣɷֽߵ״̬ȴʼոĲˡ
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Цӯӯ˵һ䣬ԼǸߵŮųԼķȥ
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һԺУȴɫӵڴϣþûܳߡ
ΪԼѾȴ飬ĽٿԼŮڴǷСһֱѯʹ׵飬÷ٴ˼ʵС
Īǣ⣿
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ˣȻˣҾҲ㲻ȥ
ãȻһ紵ӣ۲ɵ̾һʲôƵģغô»ȥ£޷˯
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лҪ˵
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ţ˵ɣ
۵ͷ˲ٶԣڳ緹֮󣬱һͬص˺Ժ

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ҡ
죬աšӦһ£ܿȴֵﲻȥĻҲȥˣҲֿģ
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ơ
ĬĬͷֳϹٷʵΪ캣ƹߣԸȥһ⣿
Ը⣡
Ϲٷƺԥĵͷ캣תһ뿪һʱ䲻ûģֻĸľˣ

ʲô
ϹٷƵĻ΢΢Щ㵣ϹٷƺͷӹԵüΪ档


1840 ִﱱ򣬷۵ʦ
ƣΪôʣ
۲ɵҲһϹٷʵʱоǴһЩӵζ
û
ûۻеıƵģϹٷЦֻǾĸһϲߵģ
Σһȥ򣡡
Ҳǵͷ˵
ģ
ȴȫһûûεӣ˷۵Ļ󣬶ʱϲѣҪȥ𣿡
ȻˣɵѾͷ
ЦԴҲֶͬ⣡ֻܴһȥ
һͬģ
ԴϹٷƵƴ磬԰ɣ
ԣ
ϹٷƺԥĵͷҪǲͬ⣬ҾͲֵܣ
Ȼ⻰ֻǿЦġ
죬ϹٷƼΪ˽⡣
һ˵ֻҪԼ飬ͼûзԹҲһ
Ϲٷȴʧˡ
ڶ쵱ҵ˵ҪȥʱĵһӦֱҡͷ
Ϲٷƺ˵˵֮£ǿӦҲһҪǾȥֻڱķΧ̫Ľش
Ҫ󣬷ǲ˼ֱӴӦ
Ͼûȥˣ˵ǶûʲôˣܹȥѾܲˡ
˵ķΧѾͻԪ½࣬ڷֻڱҲʮ㹻

ת۱ȥ
ڴڼ䣬ȥݷ˻Ԫ½ĺܶˣʵʩչ˲ƣǧ֮ңҲ㲻ʲô⡣
죬ŷۣԼϹٷһ̤ͬǰĴֱӵִ˱
Ҳǵһڣ
ȣѩɽׯȵ
ȴҲδô΢һ£Ǵǳ쫷ռڵĵط˲ƶȥ
ڷһ·ϵľ棬һĳѯŹڱϹٷҲţϾȻ캣٣ǵһΡ
ڷۣȴԵüΪƽٲȻһصģҪǣĿȴʼңңʣ֪Щʲô
ע⵽һ㣬ȴҲǺ֣ŷ۱ϾͬˣҲöʣֻǽɻѹĵס
˲ƣڼֻΪ˵ܲס˲ƴĿռѹ΢Ϣ˼ΣѾ쫷ռڴڵɽС
֮ʵѾڰкͷϹԶԼĪɽĪүүϵˣϾ쫷ռǵĵ̣кĹϵǵͬ⣬Խ˴УҲδ̫һЩ
˽쫷ռ䣬һľ棬ϾڻԪ½ôҲ˾ģ
ϹٷҲ˫ͫڽռͨһɲǣԵĸоԼλĽ۷ȴһƽ֮ǰദ˿̵Եñ䣬ƺеһжκע⡣
쫷ռܲ˵ĹУһͷʾ⣬ܿϹԶס
ϹԶѵ֪Ϣڴ˵Ⱥ
ǵ֮ϹԶʱЦֿ졣
СӣҲˣ
ӣѾͷӭǹ
ϹԶĲѡ
μ常Ϲٷƺͷʱ
Ϲٴ磬þòҲ΢΢һЦ
˺ˣضߣ˵׼һЩԵģ
ϹԶЦŽԺ£ƺȫ˿һҧҧ
ºҵ裬ΨһϹԶûС
˷ٶͬСƢƵģϹٷǿһݸϹԶȴƲƲ죬鲻ͲСһʶ
УΪ˭һʶɣ
һҲͷһۡ
ӰԺǾסȥߵĻ˴ǳȥ
úϻϹԶֱӳĸŮ˵
л
ͷ
漴ܿ˶һЩ߶еɫȣôҳԵĲֺ
ڷ󣬷ϹԶ۵ͬ󣬱ǺϹٷһͬȥ쫷ռȥˡ
ֻҪȥͲʲôΣգǵҲûжൣġ
Ϣ漴ǣϾþȥľ壬֮ǰǰ˻֮֮Լ֮ϵ֪Ҳܹλļƻܹơ

˵ִﱱһɲǣĳռУһȴһԭЦǺǵȴ˲临ࡣ
ڻǻˣҵĹͽȷΪʦԲ㣬ΪʦôҲȲѰ
һ̾Ŀңң˻

Ժ⣬һЦһݸҲǸֳһĨԵĳ硣
ȥɽ񣿡
Ȼһ䣬ԺЦԶȥЦһ¡
ҵóȥһˣȻҪǱ֣밡
һ촽΢֪˭˵Щʲôԭʧһռ䲨û
ҹܾ¾쫷ռҲˡ
Ϊ쫷Ҷ쫷֮ûг֮ǰ쫷ռ䱻ȫƿأ˵ֻҪԼע⣬ռڷ鶼Ӳǵĸ֪
Ȼҹȴͬûκһռ䲨£һӰֶ֮ǰǸ
һܣ˲ٴʧһȴ쫷ռĳԺС
ּ䣬һչֿ
ţһűƿһӰŴʱЩ»Ӱȴչ˳ǷĸףԪ½ߴʥ֮һʥ߷ۣ
վţ˵ıǼΪӣ۸ڸдһЩ䡣
Ҿ֪һһԵһʱ֪
ԵΡ

ͷôһʦԸ𣿡
ʦǺǡ
ԣȴһЦ־綾Ҳʱô˵ʦʦ𣿡
ۣ
˻е䳰ȷʱüͷ΢壬漴ȴ̾һôΪ˱㣡Ӧ֪㱻ˣʲô
һôΪҷۻ£
Цңҵʦͽܣѵʲôֱ˵𣿷ǵ
Щ飬òҪ֪
ҡҡͷ̾ˣιȰ뿪򣬴ŮԶҪߣ
Ϊʲôһɣ
ûɣҵģ㲻ŮһĻҡҡͷ
ǾͲ˼ˣ
ʼ磬Һһúܺã㻹Ҫúã
ۡ
ԣüͷٴѵͲһȰػ򣬿϶ֹһ֪ѵ𣿡
˼޹أˣȥ˯ˣԱɣ
˵꣬۱ǾֱطվԺУ任˺üΣҲֻεһ̾Żʧ


1841 ȥֻϢ
ۺʦҲǸĶԻûһ֪
쫷ռУһҹԵôƽ
ֱڶһ磬컹ڳ緹ʱϹٷƺͷ˼Ҵҵ˽
ܣˣ
Ϲٷܵǰĸˣ
ʲô
ɫһ䣬Ҳæ죬ĸףôܺȻͲˣ
۲ˡ
Ĳһ
ģȻоЩԾǶľذҲû˻ʧ˵ȻǻԪ½ߴʥеʥߣ䱾ʵȴҲֻʥضѡ
ȥҹ𣿡
ʵæصȫˣʲôûУ
𼱣
һĨأǶﲻ죬ȥͷӺĪүүǣ˰æȥңģĸһµģ
˵꣬ǿ첽뿪ˣϳһ緹Ҳ˲á
뿪ϹٷҲס磬ԺеȺ򣬲֪ôȥο
ҺûãˣȴǿЦ
ܣôϹٷƼæǰʵҲ죬ΨִԸĴ𰸡
ǿڲĸϢĴͷҵģ
Цһ£еһݵϹٷƺͷǰ
ǡ
ӹȥɵĿ졣
֮ǰڷû۵ʱ򣬷ֽҪȥˣȴûע⵽ЩԴ˿ȴЩ⡣
ҡͷָָǼ㿴˾֪ˣ
˴˻ٶʣϵĽעУԱߵϹٷҲæˡ
ǱǷޣ໥ˮ齻ڣһͬ̽ݣҲ㲻ʲô
硭
ʱǼŮҲǺĳȥȴҡҡͷģû£
⻰˵һͷˮ
ʲôû£ôܷģ
ӺϹٷƺͷڵݣɵ÷׷׿Цѡ
ԭԼȥģǳʲôʡ
ǼУۻϹٷһҪչ˺÷ûбҪĻǧҪ뿪ľأ¾棬þС
ڷԼΪҪ˶Ե뿪Ҫȥʲôطʲô飬ȴһûἰ
ֻ˵ԼҪȥ죬ˣԻۡ

ҶΪ춼֣ʲôҪ飬ܹ÷ŮŮ˲õ˵뿪
̫ܣĪΣգǣ
Σ۵뿪Ѿע˵顣
¾ȥ׷Ҳˡ
磬Ǿס£
һԣ˵ȲȥܣĸǱߣҲȥңϣܹϢ
лˣ磡
ϹٷƵͷļ򣬡Һߣһ㣡
Ǻǡ˵Щɾͼˣ
ЦŻصֵ֮仹Ҫἰллô
ˣ磬ͷӦûţһܹǾϤҲϣܹʵϾԪ½ͬ˶٣˵
У֪ˣ
Ϲٷףֵأ׼ˣ
ţˣ
εʼ磬Ц̫ˣʲôпҴǹǣ
ãҲСģԺֵܺúõĺϼϹٷ˵
ãʱ飡
һЦֺϹٷ˵һȥѰϹԶĪɽǣֱ뿪쫷ռ䡣

תۣӻԪ½Ǻüȥ
ڴڼ䣬ǰ˻λϢҲӵ٣ȷ֮ȻȫǼٵģһĪɽ֪Ǽλ飬ųЩϢɱԼ
˴첻뵽جuϢԼ˵һһֱţݵλѪѪ֮ɽƽ
˵˭쾭˺þõ˼һͷûС
֮ǰ쫷ռ뿪ȥһ˶ľ壬˻֮ϣ֮֮Լ֮ϵĸطľٶϸһ飬ֶһ˻صء
ȥ֮Ҳʳƣɳȴʲô֪ӣŪ찵ԿЦѣֻܼԼȥ룬˶ûиߣΨֻй¶Ϣ
գСڻ԰оˣԱߵĳϣеĳ΢ЦĿһУԻ飬ѺŮͬѾͷҲǹԹԵңγһΪĻ
ҲЦݵĿţΪܰʱ̡
ܣ
Ȼʱȴǿ첽˹
ôˣ
һ£ʾһߵԱߣʲôǱߵĻա
ŵǸӵϢȿ
һֽݸ죬ӹȥϸһʱסˣֻ飿

ͷɫĵҲֻ֪鵽ʲôϢ˵ӵֻֻתʱ䣡ʲô֪𣿡
Ȼ֪
𾪣ɫȴֲףܹǰ䣬ôת֮ؽܹĴﵽǰΪܹ֪˲֪
ǰֻŴϢã˲˵ĹעϢ˵ֻǳ򣡡
ЦǰŴϢѾ˹עĽ㣬ѾкЩѪ֮˵٣
ѪµҲУ
ԣ첻üĪϢѪ¹⴫ģ
⣿
˼˵Ѫ¹⴫ߣ
пܣ
ףҪһ㣬ֻ鵽ʲô磬֪ô
ҡͷżǰ֪ô֪ģ
֮Ǹô죿ʵ
ԭȣֻϢԼãȴǱסˣҲûȥ񣬾ܹӵֻ飬񲻸ܹסһĵλ
ֻǣôһѣľãֵֻʱЩ̫ˡ
ô졭
ۣƬ̵磬ݷԸȥκ֮ˣԼЩϢȴҪʱע⣬֮ⲻٶ
뾲䣿
ǰ
ף֮⣬벻취ң׼ȷ˵ӦְҪںһṆ̀
У֪ˣȥţ
ͷٶԵת뿪ȴûע⵽һĨâ
ֻ飬صһţ
ռ˳ֻ֮е˿ţȻʱƺЯļЩƫģϾʱҲڣֻڴ˿̵˵ȴһ޷ܾ޷


1842 Ϣģ
첽뿪ˣԼȴü˳˼һ״̬ʱȥʮӶûʲôоǼŮĽû
磬ôˣ
ߵǰΪɻʵ

عŷֲ飬ѣ˹չųǳţǵĿϡ
߰ɣȥ˵
ЦҡҡͷŮһͬصǱ£Žеֽݵǰ
ֻ飡
֮⣬ŮǱסˡ
֪ģҲ֪ȱľֻ飬ȴûʱ֪Ϣᴫ
ְֻ֣ʲô𣿡
ܲʵëգ˼£Ǻ档
⣡
ףŮֻҪ֪ǰְֱҪõĶˣ
ޣ
첻˵ҲԹԵͷٶʡ
磬ϢǼ٣ʵ
Һϣģɡ
ЦǼٵģǱضѪ֮˹ųģֻ򣡡

⻰Ů֮Цһ¡
ûһȴĺȻڣΪʲôͲܹ𣿡
ţ
Ҿǳȥ΢ЦżģܹĻһ󣬱ϾҶᣬʱ˵ֻһȷѪ꣡ٵģ𣿡
ᣡ
˺ʵҡͷεĴߴٵƶͱˣ˵ʲôֱ˵ɣûˣ
ðɣ
һЦȵһֻصһţûж֪λһ֪ɣ
ˣͷżԣֻϢܹضڰйʩΪ
Ѫ£֮⣬벻ˣӿڵ
Ҳɣ
Ȼȴ磬ЦֵεڶѪ£ôǷųϢĿѵΪң
ô򵥣
û˿ڣƱǽŵԣѪ¿϶ĿģĿľϣ磡
ң
⻰˫һУ˼ǣɽ¼п֪ҵ飿

ףԵǰԸѪ֮ˣɽҲνʹù⼼ܣɽһʱ޷Ѫµĵֱ̣ڶЩ
ô˵ɽȫüٵϢϵΪʲôƶֻϢƺģʵ
Ϊֻ鱾Ҫˣ
һ
Ҫ
⻰е⣬ǼŮҲ΢΢һ
ʱ˿̵ĳƣӱʮ䣬ȫһһǿֱ
Ȼʱ̬ȴڲͬʱ·оһϤ˭Ҳûע⵽ǰ԰ˣȴŤͷ˹߶һ衯

ڼ˵ĿУףֻҪˣѪµĵҲܹ㵽ЩʶŻЩϢĴ
ˣȴֶ˶٣ɫصļѪ¿϶λ磬ԾֻϢģͬΣգٽ֮κʱ򶼸Σյľ棡
ƶȷֻϢģ
ɫƽʵ
ȷ
Ȼȴԥҡҡͷ
˾٣ղ˵ЩЩ㣣Խˡ
ˣ
ҵ󣬳ӯӯһЦ˵ֻ˵ֻ鱾ҪȴζžϢѪ¾ۺ񣬿ȴֻţô˵ûһֻܹ׼ȷʱ͵ص㡣
ƶ˼ˣ
Ŀڵƶ˵ֻ鼴ѪµһţùͷųһٵϢһңһȴԸ磡
ҾǴ⣡ס
˿̣ҵɫ˲٣ʲôֻ鵽׶жҪ磬ҲɫȻ
Ųʲô飬ʲôֻأ
ֻİΣ
ְ֡
֣ҧ촽֮ɫɡ
İɣɵѾͷµģ
΢΢һЦʵƶҸô
ƾͼƣ
Ц㣬ϢԣֻȷпܾԲǸɽһƾͼƣϢԸǾ͸ɴҲϢѪ£
Ѫ£
˳ƵĻǾ
£úͼ飡ΣͲôˣҡ
ˣ΢һ٣в¶ۼһĨϣ˵кܴΣգ
ΣգǺǣƶ˵ʲôʱûΣգ
Цŵ˿ûκεĵ֮ɫ
Ǿô˵ˣ鷳ȥ⹫лʸүүûµĻǻһˣʵڲеĻһ˶ľɡ˵
ˣڿ֮
æȥ⹫ǹǣ
ţ
оԼĹģ¶˼ΪҸЦݡ
ԱߵǼ״ֻ΢΢һЦδ˵ʲô
뿪ʱȴܹĸܵ˫ԹĿԼϣЦѣæӿٶȡ
˵ʵڵģԼ֪ô£Ϊʲô˳֮⣬Ⱥһ鶼޷ϣĪŪˣ

õ촫ŵ𣬶ľԼʸ˺ܿӱĶľػˣҵһʱƵۣλ֮⣬ȻСƽˡ
ֻϢ˵λȻ֪ʱģȴǳ֮ǰ˵һУ
һѯһλ
ȷҪôĻضҪλǰźõļƻǰһ޸ģЩҲǼ򵥵飡
飡
ͻ򣬲Ҷɹ׽ٵʱǶڳģȻҲ֪֮ĹϵֻΨһȱٵһţҲף˵ֻ鼴ôϢǼ٣߸ɴɽŪҲòȥ
һƱػһϵеѣ˶޴Σվأ
ƶʲôƻĽʵ
˵ϸ磬ȥ֪ˣûش𣬶ľ̵
ƶɣ漴
Сӿǧ𣡡
һ⻰λʱˣľƸǴӵۣƶѾͷˣҪǳ˵ʲôô죿ˣԼȥǣĪСӻΪϼһϵ·߲ˣ
ŶľƵĻͻʸҲ׷׵ͷ漴˱뿪ƵһͬרԺȥ


1843 ƻչѪӥ֮䣡
ܿ죬רԺУ˱˻еĳƣԼһӭǵ飬Ů
磬ȴڻ԰ССһˣ
λĵŮӭеĳҲ⡣
˺ˣԼˣضƶ£飬ѶǶһ˵ɣ
æ˵
Ҳ׷
ʱľǽǸղƵڵɻ˳˿˵Ŀ⣬ƽˣˢˢ˳ϡ
Ϊ֮ǰĽУҶЩʵǳԳ֮ڡ
򴽣ô˫Ŀע£Ͼûһ㲻ʣԵԽƽ˫˸żΪǵĹâ
˶٣֯һ㣬ֻóƳֻļصҲʮа˾žΧص;ʱȴҵôģҲ˵
ôƶ˵а취ƾͼƣܹѪ£ͷʵ
ȷһ壬ǷܹɹͲһˣ
˵ң罫Σգ˶ɵĿܣ
ƾͼĸʵܺ⣡
ԵļƻҪƶ㽲ϼһҲжǷУν˼棬ԼټƻΣճ̶ȣ
˵ļǣ
ĻӯӯЦˣҾԽˣҵļƻӵġ
˫ĿĹעУһλǻŮȻȴһּΪõĹâ鲻ԽıѡţһǺԥΣ
ţƱǽйǡƾͼơİ취ϸ˵һ飬Ǽƻϸ³̶ȣȫãǾεãֱܵ˼㡣
ʵڳƵ˵УһҪȻҪȥϵɽΪƱػΪֻϧһдۡ
һҲ˵ɽ·ϵҲΪǽļƻ˱
ڶҪ۷ԼѪռǱߵǱϡ
˵ҪûѪռ䣬ӶһƴһսΣɽ²òעŲȥ
ڶҲǽΪѵģв±ɾ޴
ҲᴫһֻٵϢһֻĵص㣬ɽǲòģһԴùѪռı
òϣƵļƻȷܺá
ɽƣӦĻҪѪռļƻҲܹ˳ʵʩ
˳Ƶļƻĵͷź˲֮ǰİҲϴ˴жҲ𵽲ã

ľƺͻʸͬʱͷЦЩţѪ¾ڲ֮ˣ
ҶǷ׷Ц·Ѫ±𣬶عĽ˿ԭӦýŵգΪ֮˲١
Ǿô죿㻹ʲô𣿡мһ£漴ʵ
ҡûˣ
ʵ˵Ǹ˵ƵĿ󣬻Ǻܿػص
УǾôˣȥ׼һ£ʲôʱʼʵ
֮ɣ
ƳƬֻ̣ϢٴһЩ˵ĺ䶯ЧԽ󣬶ǵļƻԽкô
УǾͶ֮󣡡
ҲûԥĵͷܿͶľԼʸһͬ뿪ȥľ尲һˡϾҲǶԸѪռǱ

֮󣬵һƻʽչ
ǿ˵ĹעԶڱаɷˣǰӵٻ󣬱Լ飬һ裬ԼĽΪףϰ˰аɷžϵȫȡֻ飡
ʱ򣬲˲źȻ̫ϳϵ֮⣬аɷ֮а٣
аɷŵĵҲòΪֻϢۼڴ˵Ǹе˼ǿѹ
Һã첢δɱ޹ҲǸЩһռ䡣
ƻʱ򳹵չ
ͬһʱ䣬ѪռС
Ѫ֮ɽɫ˼㣬ŵķ֮һ£ȴ˫˸ǻ۵Ĺâ
һжǵļƻ˳У
ճУ»Եڣʱڲˣ
Ҫôɽµʵ
һнұǣ
˿ĵҪȥһɱ죬ĸ󻼣ֻҪɱ죬ǳɹĿԻߣ
ߣУɽü
ģ
һѪâҵʵټʱ侫Щһڲʲô⣡
ãǱȥͷ­챾
˵䣬ɽµλϻʧֻƮⷿУߵ¶ȶ˲½˲١
ɽ뿪󣬰Ҳһϰɫľװ磬֮ߵſڡ
ˣ
ۣһȣʱʮѪɫӰſڼٶֻգۼ䣬Ѿվ˰ǰ
ܹʮˣÿһѪɫװѪɫ磬ӶѪɫסΨһ¶˫ҲͬѪâһ㲨ͷ·һ
ǣʱɽºͰѪܡ
֮ǰпܶ޷ʵʥ۷壡
ҪǣÿһӵɽµһξѪȻû˼άȴޱĬϣɽΪ¾ǲͻƵǿߣЩû֮ˣҲһʮ˵Ķ֡
ڲ˵ֱһɱ

Ŀ˿ʮ˿ܣһ˦֣ǴǾֱ뿪ˡ
һ̣ºܿһׯ԰ſڣʮ˿Ƿɢׯ԰ȫΧǵʵ¾һֻӬɲȥ
Ѫӥ´ˣ
Ѫӥ֪Ϣ̴ӭ˳
Ѫӥܲ
µͷ˫ȴѪâһһ֣ǽѪӥֱӺɳȥݺײǽϲſס
ۡ
ѪӥһѪ˳˲䣬ȴɫĵ֪·˺ʾ
㻹ң
ۣΪҲ֪ͼ죡ӽɵˣɱҲŹ
ɶѣ
ѪӥˣȻɫԵüΪңȴǷ˲١
ͨһ£Ѫӥ˵ϣ¶Ĳ
ģɣ
ˣЦĶģǾڸԷϵһԲɱ㣬֮ǰһУ򡭡
ˡ
Ѫӥˣǰȴۿô㲻Ը⣿

ѪӥȻʲôؼᶨ̧ͷΪ˱ʾģԸ⣡
£Ѫӥԥ̧һԼĵϣšۡһѪӥһҺ˱㵹˵ϣϢҲ֮ޱ΢
Լϵˣ
㡭
ҲûѪӥɵϸֳһĨ
ãã
ԹȥѪӥΪȶһƣѪӥҵȷǴˣȺúõˣһɽ㣡κ˸Ҷ㲻ұ֮أ
࡭лˣ
ѪӥԵüΪֺúõİο˼䣬Ŵʮ˿뿪ˡ
ǵıӰѪӥһâûٶ˵ʲô·ȥϢ
µĺȻѪӥû뵽ģеϣϣȻƴһսҲԷϵ
һеһУȫΪ죬Եţ


1844 ɱ뱻ɱ
ѪӥǱ뿪󣬰ִʮ˿ܼȥ˺üлɵĵط˺üˣвʥϵĸ֡
һȴѪռв˶Ļ̻̣
¶Ѫ£ɽ¼ΪҳϵǣҲ׷Щ֮⡣
ûѪӥǰ֮
ҲòѪӥΪ˱ʾҳϾȻԸԷϵԴ˳Ϊһˡ
Ȼõ˰µϿɣԾѪӥƹ֮ǰһУɳ˷˵ܹѹסֵЩˣ
ǲҶѪӥʲôΥ϶ٲ˵ģ
ûʵѪӥڵĵλΪĿ꣬аµĻѪӥѾ֪˸Ūʲôˡ
һʱ䣬ʮ˲ڰʮ˿УвٶֻЩɶѣ¶ѪӥԵǼ֣ɱŹ
һһεɱ¾ѪռеǾǽΨְһĿǣ
ϾǿûѪӥȥԷϵ
ﱻϳΪˣʲô
ͬѪӥԷϵϢҲѪ𾪲ѣû˱¶ϣҲڱѪӥɲΣѪӥΪѪ۵ҲǾ岻ѡ

һƬҡ
ֻϢѾ˾޴𵴡
˴˷۶漸ʱ䣬Ѿʮֵֻܳĵص㡣
ÿһص㣬кܶ˻㼯Ҳ˲ٵ
ټаɷˣסһΪ˲ɽµѪ֮˵Ļɣ˵Ѱңľͻʸ嶼ר˰æΪľԻɽ¡
һ棬ȴǽûгѼ⵶ʣµˣ׷ǲȥһĻòѰңϾ˵ֻ鼴Ϣģȷľ׼ȷʱ͵ص㡣
ʱɢôЩص㣬ʮ֮˾ɽ¹ɢȥġ
һȥ鷳Ļҡ
ҲԽͬѰֻ׼ȷص㣬ܹǰ棬ֻõ֣
ʵⷽ棬ɽºǵļƻҲ࣬˲ʵϰȴԼ˼ӴѰȣһĿá

ʱ˿첽ߵǰɫЩѿ
ôˣʵ
м˱ɱˣ
ֵļпѪ£
ˣȷѪ𣿡ɫһ䣬æʵ
ʮһСֶӣ
صҺȥ̽һ£ЩֵڵѪҺѾȫʮ֮˾Ѫ¸ɵģ
ҪְɣǺѪƴˣԱ߻һȭͷŭ
Щ񣬶аɷŻ˲ģһӱʧʮȻ֮࣬ÿһǵѪ
ٵȵȣ
ڰ֣ҵôжʱ˾һ⣬Ľ¸ҰɱѪµһɱǵģǾɱǵģҵҪ򵽵˭ɱù˭
˶٣ֵһҲߵǣ
ðɣ
ô˵Ҳٶԣͷȥ
ʱһȥת۱չ
ʱ䣬ǧڸбɱаɷŵ˴ﵽ˽ʮʹѣϾÿһ˶аɷŵľ
ѪǱҲûֵ˺ȥ
аɷ۷ĹͬЭУٶѪ֮˱ɽڵ֪Ϣ֮ŭǳϾ򣬾ѪǿҲ㵽
ֵһ˵ľѪռˡ
ڰ´ʮ˿ܷ֮УмʮʥʥµҲٸ֮ࡣ
Ǳĺü쫷֮ҲѪѪԼġеѪѪˣ
ѪӥѪѹѣΪܹѪ£ҶǱҪģ
ܹѪµôѪӥȫɱҲֵõģ
ں֮ǰѡִǾѾб֮ģ
Ѫӥ֮ԷϵӶȡðµΣҲˣ

һҼ𣬶ľľԼʸʸ˵зˣ
ȣϸĽһѪµֶУؼԼԼҵı𣬶ȫһһʮ˵
ţֽѪڶĸѪɱ¾׷Լķʽ̶ֳһʱڣѪ³Ϊ˲˵ĹУ˹˺
Ͼڶ飬ֻҪ΢еʵļûв֪ģһֱѪµΪʮַŭκλûб̬֮ǰǸκεľٶһֱڵѪǷὫħצ쵽Ǳߡ
ڣλǷЩ˺ҵĹƵģʾѪµķ߿⡣
򣬱ԼΪ߼׷׽̬Ѫ²ݣ
һ彫չѪռĹѪĲݣ
һȴҲ𵴡
۷ڵĵ򣬾㱻Ѫռ˵ĶУҲһļͣʹѪԽΪǹУ
һʱΪ֮Ӧ
𣬶ľʸλʽʼ׼չѪµʽ
һΣѾ⣬Ѫ¾֣
ڶˣв˶֧ǣ
ľصĳԺУλһ𣬿ȴֻǡ
Ȼ쾣ԣľ֣ʸ磬ԼؼΨһ̫ϳرơ
˻ʸԴЦĻڳ˷׷Ц
ףǳҶ⼸۷ΣؼҺԼ֮ǰͱˣȴûô٣
ʲôʱ
Ц˹ü΢ʵ
ٵһգ
𻺻Եҽӵ쫷ǱߵĴţѪռ仹ܰµѾƻˣպ賿ʱ֣ǽðմڣʱһٹ룡
У
ףҲͲٶˡ
ʱǻԵʽͬʱǱҲ֮չʱѼ⵶ҲͬʱѪ֮޷ʱع飡
Ƕƻ˰
λ̫ϳǷ׷Ц˳λҲĶһۡ
Σֻʤܣ
׼ôãʧܵĻؽ롣
ˣôأô죿ԺȻЩĵʵ
˵ʵʵ̫ϳҲǿһˣϾıֺһֱ䵱׽ԣܹģ
뾡ܷģҲˣֻڶʱûʽаɷŵľȥǣʱԻչˣ
˵ˣȴ漴Цһ££ŻǶԸѪµ


1845 쫷
۷ļַĵڶ죬һȻ
һΣķ߲Ǳˣ쫷ĪɽԼ쫷ҽϹԶ
Ϊ쫷Ҷ쫷֮ûг֮ǰǿ˵쫷ˣ˶ַͨ
һ쫷ʽϹʱ۷֮һôҶף쫷ӵпѪµľԵ̡
ڶ쫷ͬѪµʮ״ұʾ䲻ݣ
쫷ҲĪɽϹԶ飡
ϾʱټڵҲûʲôˡ
쫷̱һֱƿص߼֮Ӧ䷶ΧȻкüôҼʶ쫷صʵȷС
ӭ쫷磡
𣬶ľƺͻʸ˱ֳ̬ȡ
쫷ȻҲ֮һε𵴣ŵĵʱ֣쫷ٴηķͬԸѪ£ѪֻĸݣǾǡݣ
ˣ
ĸǴϹʱڣȴٴ˸𵴡
ڣĸ˵Ļ±ؽΪ
ȻҲͬףǲܶ˵ģϾڵǣһĴս
ѪʱֳǿƣҲòΪǵģһЩ˸ǡ
ΣδսڱУʱпܳױ

ô죿
峿ԺУͷʵȴ˸żΪս⡣
ԱߣĽ̶˾ĿƵ죬ȻǶڴһս
ȣ
Ȼ˵ĿУȴֻ³һ
ȣ
˾һȴתʵĽ쫷Ѿʽкδ㣿
㲻ңǣߣ
ĻĽ̾Ǻֱӷʵ

һʱͣ漴æҲʶѣαôࣿ˵ˣ㲻ĪүүĸŮ쫷ȻȴԾǰٷϴ˰ɣ㡭
ãߣ
û˵꣬Ḻ̌ǽһֱŤͷȥ
̶
Ȼ輱ˣѿڶؽе
̶˼߰첽ȥסĽ̵֡

һ̣ԭЩŵ˲䱻Ц⣬辪㵵ŤͷЦе飬㲻ô¡
ſң
Ľȴһӿˣԭ˲ͨ죬һ˦ѡ
˿̵һĹһɬСˣ⻹һοֻô۽磬ЦҲǸŨ˲١
ޣ㣬ˣң
Ľ̵ߺ죬ԼһĽ£׹ʱҲһ죬ȴɹŲӳ磬̫˼ˣȻˣǣ

ĻٴЦĽȴǺ·ɬƵĶ豳ѵ˼£Ūʱ죬һġ
˺ˣĲԣСڵǸ
һЦԹȥ¡
赹ûʲôĽȴǲˣһ˦֣ȻɺǼΪĳ춪һۣ鿴һݸ
˵Ľ˵ҲҵĽˣǺ㿪Ц
쵹ҲЦ˵ˣҪǵʲôʱ򣿡
ߣ
ĽƳһۣٴΰĺһ
ȴͷЦҲûʲôֻȫŪ֮١ʲô
ˣһҲһ£裬ԺҪúõչḶ̌ȻܵܵĿĲ㣡֣Ȼĳ
ģ
ؿڣɫӦ
ܣֲöˣߺߣĽƲߵ
ĽʲôʱȥĪүү
첻Ϊ⣬ȴЦ
Ҫܣ
ĽһָͣһЩٴαͨ졣

ٴЦȴЦţȻҲЩڴ
˺ˣЦˣ
һڰ֣ɫҺͼˣһʱ䣬Ǻ賿ʱֱʽ֣ʱҲҪԣӼ̿ʼ˶Ҫ㾫ԱӦʱֵܳ
ǣ
˵£Ľڵ˶׷Ȼ
⣬ڶҲͬʱһɽµߺͲ𣬶ȴҲܹǵжһЩһ̫ʱ䣬ȻǱػʮΣգֵ
ף
˷׷׵ͷ漴Ḷ̌Ḷ̌һȥϵһĪүүö쫷֮ж
ã
Ľס
ˣһ㡭
ԣȴǺȻһ̧ͷա
һٶ˾һ㶣æ˳ķȥ
磬㿩
һӿкȻԺϿնȻһСŮӰ
ʮ꣬һϮɫȹͷϻСӣͯɵŲõЦݡ
ϿպȻֺ󣬱ֱ˵컳ڣЦͣ
ǱˣǷ
ΪϹޣĳķ
ֻӦڵռôȻԳôˣ
һȷ΢һ£ųеʳЩɻ󣬷ҲԥĻش˳
ʵܼ򵥣ռеѾܹƿ̬ת־߶죬ڼĿУͬͬʱԴ򿪿ռֱͨӽ͵Ͽա
磬㣬㲻𣿡
ϣͷ
۾գѽգģ˵һ֣̿޳Ƶġ
˭˵Ҳˣ
æ粻֪ж࿪أ
𣿡գ۾ƺȷ˵Ǽ١
Ȼģ
ԥĵͷ÷ĵٴЦ˳
Сǡ
ʱźĿʵĽ̿Уϲ޲ýȥúõϼڡ
ѽǵҵþˣ
һ£ûϹ޵˵ȻԥȴҲû̫⣬ϾܹôǶԴģͲǵˡ
˵ˣôһСŮʽһЩʲôأ
Ե㶫һȥ𣿡컹£ԱŷУó˲ٵʳ
ţ
ٵĵԴЩʳصģϾɴӲ⡣
˹ɶ£ҲЦˣСѾͷʼԶĿɰģͣһ³ȥ̸


1846 Ĳ²⣬ܹʼ
ν̸ûã򵥵İһЩ˱뿪ص˷ߡ
СѾͷЩòó԰
ԴЦʵ
óԣ
ԴһЩҲԣ
ãǵĹԷһ𣡡
ЦЦڻһԣȻ󲿷ֵĶǽ˷ĶӣһˣҲõ̫Ķ᲻
ܿ죬һһС㽫һʳȫ꣬ǣŷС뿪Ժ䣬й
Ǵûмôˣʮָ߰һ·϶ڲϵѯ⣬ĶضҪʸҲǲ䷳ЦŽͣһ·ϲ˶׷ײĿ
òϣȷܿɰҲ˵ϲںüڵƹ񣬶ܶС÷ĲѣЦͼûмٹ
һ䵽ʱ֣ѡһܲľ¥¥еزˣ÷ԵĲֺҲθڴ󿪡
רŴŷȥΧһ磬һֱȵʱ֣ϦµʱŻصǾסԺӡ
ְְ֣֡
磬ˣ
ջȥãԺһŲ
ûŮ룬ɱ˽ȻȴǺĿһ䣬ֱܵ˷ǰСһŷʵ˭ѽ
ûȥڵռ䣬Ȼʶ
ʦְ֣
СǣҲ˽ԹԵĽһ
飬ѣŻеĳ룬Ů֮⣬Ȼһˣˮ
쵹û뵽ˮæӭˮЦݵУȴһ˿Թ
ܵܣһΪѽҸأҪȥǣ֪ѾˣˮƲƲ죬ΪԹ˵
ȿȡⲻ̫ô
ڨڨһЦ
ʱԱߴһЦ
ԭѾһƬȻǵȷǵһμ棬ȴûжİ
ܿ죬Ҳǽһ飡
ģˮڶȫԼˣ΢ԥһ£ǽʵ˵˳ľ첻ѣȴڲκν٣ܿСѾͷޱȵϲ֮ɫ
ҲΪĹϵǼŮҲʮ⼸СһѾһƬЦ˲ǽԺ䲼
ϷȥɣסҪܣзҲҪԹŶ
˵ܿ켸Сһ׷˳ȥҲ漴ȥտţϾڶǴˣҲҪչ˺Լĵܵǡ
ôˣҲǹԹԵ𣿡
Сһǻ뿪Цѵʵ
ôܵ߰ˮӿڵ

ʱͣǼŮȴЦŪһΡ
ˮƺԴڻԪ½ʼܹԵģȻ۷ʵȴҲˡ
˼Щ»֪׻Щʲôأ
磬ʵҲʵԱģ
Ц֮ɫԵǿչ˺Լ˵ˣǻܹæأ
֪֪ƶѾˣⲻҪǡ
Цſڣû˵꣬ȴǺĵ磬Ǹڵռ䣿
ǰôˣղŲѾ˵ô
汻ת˻⡣
ǣֻǾЩ֣
ҡҡͷ˵ôҪĹͷȻϹĳ䣬óսûСһЩ˵̶Էʮϲֱ֪ôΣգô÷
Ҳ֪
ʼ磬صû̵ͬ⣬ǲܳģ

ƳĬ°ɣ
¡
֣Ȼ˸һ¡
ƶ뵽ʲôæʵ
ǡû£
ҡҡͷЦ˵°ɣʲô磬ô÷ܲ߰ɣһѪǱ߷֣룡
˵ʵҲ֪
Цղŷô׽ӦòܾǴһɣ
Ȼ˵ɣ
εҡҡͷڷȷϲĻҲͷ۵ġ
ĺȻȷû뵽ġ
ڵϣȰ˵֮󣬷ͬԹԵǼСһһӦúõ򵽴档
Ůټˮĵô˵Ƕͬȥأ֮£ֻܴӦߣеĳҲˡ
ΨһҪǣǲ֣ܶƣ
һ̥ǿɾѰˡ
֮ǰȥԪ½ǱΪƲժ˱ƲݣֻҪ΢עһ㣬̥Ӧòκ⡣
ûбƲݵĻô˵Ҳͬ⽫ߵģ

תۣʱȥ
賿ʱ֣ڱĶľ⣬ڴˡ
ңľͻʸǧ֮⣬ĺȻ۷µĸеԪ֮ˡ
˿̵ֻһĿģǾǹѪռ䣬Ѫ£
˷νȺ鼤ܣ
λʱ䵽ˣ
һҹգڿʼǱչѪµĹһΣֻɹʧܣ
ɹɹ
˷׷״ţ죬ƽҹն˼ǿƵգϵĶƲʶ׷ױɢȥ
ĻҾͲ˵ˣڴҳ
ˣߵĶľƺͻʸһۣ
ǣ
˷׷Ӧŵһһ˲뿪ĿֱָѪռڣ
ļ֮ء
֮ǰѾȷ˵ģ˷˵ĿĵҲȻ
УʥȻ΢һЩһʥĸԪ֮˲ƣҲûʲô⡣
Ȼܹ𼫴Ŀռ䲨˵ڱ򣬵Ҳû̫˵ע⡣
Һ˳˼֮صķΧȴҪһѰңṩ׼ȷϢټѪռѪӥ˵ĬϣڵǴɽ壬Ҳܿı׼ȷ˳
ѾѪӥĵشѪռڲ򿪣ֻҪһӡ˳룡
ûжԣֻ΢һľƺͻʸһͬȶ롣
Ҫһͷã
ҽ󣬷׷׺˳ĽѪռ䣬ҲζţܹʽʼһɫȻ֮ǰİһ𣬾ʱֵܻΣգ
ǽͬʱڱУҪֻѪ֮˲ʱɫ˲䣬ѪķҧгݵĵģؽǾ


1847 ս֮ʼ
Ѫռ䣬ҵȴŲٵľȣͬˡ
һߣȴԤ֮Ѫɫ죬ܵĻţ·һƬԴеϢôƢ
Ѫռ䣿ôһ㶼񰡣
ǣҿػһЩ
ò˰ɣҪĴˣǿɾ͸Цˣ
Ļڲ˿е

ɫһ֪ǵ뷨Ǳȥ²⣬Ѫռɣ
˭Ҫٸ˵ȥ֮ϳͣ
ľҲǳȵǻʸź룬Ц˺ˣλҲڵĶѣ
ˣ˳һ˳˶ٸ˵ˣ
λ
ʸ΢΢һЦ֪ЩѪռ֮ˣȻҺǴһûʵ˵̫ϳգ˴̽ĪǣҶϻܲ𣿡
ʸἰ죬˵ǰգɵôе˺ܶ࣬һζԵ
ˣҶСһЩ߰ɣסﲻ棬мɲҪߣǾȣҲģ
ʸ˵ţͶľһͬǰ·˶棬һֳҲûΪܵи
ΪղλľٶЧ֮ûбֳκλɣȻΪʸᵽ죡
Ҫ֪֮ǰѾĿеľż
Ȼˣܲû죬ȴӡÿһ˵ĵף˷׷׽䵱ɷܶĿ꣬ǲŬ
˶飬ڲ٣˵Ѫռˡ
Ȼڲأô͹
λĴ£˶Ƹ߰һ·ϻһЩǵѪ֮ˣֱɱûиЩѪ֮κһ㴭ϢĻᣡ
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⴦ɽѪռһԵķֽ㣡
棬һƬĿһɽɽһ޴ɽѪռ䣬Ѫڣ˵Ѫռ䣡
ͬ۷֮ź֮һ
СģһǰǸɽͻʱΣգ
ٴһ䣬ǱҪʮֵľ񣡡
λҲ׷׹Ӧŵ
ȻƸ߰׼ɽȥʱȴǶȻɫ˲䣬Ϊǰɽߴ˲Ӱȥɽȫǣ˿
ã
ʱɫһ䣬
Σ
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ԷѪ֮Ҳ׷׾Ӹµĳҳһɱ˿ûκ֮⡣
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λδ֣ΪΧΪЩõʵǿʥֻռ˼˵аôһɽµķˡ
ߣܿ촫ֺɱԭѵĿҲ𽥱ѪλʱɿΧԻиľһܹ𵽱ʾãһҲڹעǰɱ¾ʱֵ׼
ʱʱ䣬˫ɱ¾Уپʬ嵹ڵϣѪɽӿ洦ɼֲ֫ϱۣμֱҵ˼㡣
Щʱȥ˿µټƺ͸ûһ
ҪģЩѪ֮˵ʵҲʵ̫һЩ
󲿷ֶڵԪңкЩԪģǸ㲻ô£Īǰ¾ƾЩֹǵĽֱ췽ҹ̷
Ծ
ľۣ˸ɻĹâ
Щ˵ʵ̫ˣҲ𲻵ʲô̫ã
ˣ
ĵǸڻңĿĿ϶Ϊʱ䣡
ʱ䣿
ĻľƺͻʸҲܿ췴ӦɫݵĽһ
µҪʲôʸ
Ҫʲô϶ʲô£ǲﵢ飡
һʱ̺Ԫٶȫɱ
ǣ
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һȴҲԽȣ׵춨˴˷ռݵʤ
ֹȥ˲ʮӣصĸʬ󣬴˴λսǽˡ
ЩȻˣȴս߰˫ԵüΪȣ˿ûһ⣡
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𳯴Ҷһ񣬶ȳǰǴɽȥǰշԸɢʱֵܳ
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ǶףιһҪѪռ£һҪѪ룡

Ȼʶ˰ʱļƲߣ
ɽ£һʱ֪ѪռڷһУбѪâ˸ϸΪ˵еĲƽ
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ٵֻϢǷܹû۷徹ȻܸɴĶѪս״ɽµû롣
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ʲô£
ɽüΪѪУѪѪ¶ʹ֮ĸʥ۷ʵֻһ
ѪɽµΣ´˴óȻ뻻ˣͱһʬˡ
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ʲô
⻰ɽ͵صվɴѪɫ˫ŭôôôĵӣ
⡭
Ѫ޷شֻĬȻԶԡ
Щϲ˰ţǶжϰ
ɽѪ˼ţѪԹԵһԣҴš
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£ɽµӰֱԭʧûѪκ˵Ļᡣ


1848 Ůˣհ£
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ԱߵǼŮҲǷ׷¶Цݡ
磬ôһɽס˰
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˵Ŀȫ˳ϣȴӯӯһЦѪռǱķΪͷ֮Ĺϵɽ²Ķܹһʱ֪ڣ벻Ǳ߸ûʲô̫Ӱ죬ܸòΪѪռôױİɣ
ȻױĻôαصȵڣף̾
ңֻӦڲ֮ɽ¿϶Ҳ㵽һ㣬ֻܷ飡ѪռĵͷȻȥ
ˣ΢˶٣żҼǵã˵滹һѪµˣصĺû֪԰ɣ

ԥĵͷϸɩ˵ģϲд
ԡ
ƽӿڵԾ룬ӦûȥǸˣ
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˵ǰ㣬ɽ²δȥѪռ䣬߼һصŮˡ
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ŮˣĵǸˣǸѪռɽµλƽҪ߳һЩ
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뿪Ůٴλ֣һΣȴâ¶˫ӵǰգþû˵˫

ϸ磬ȥа
Ѫռ䣬ǵǹѪɫĻУź治ɫѿӣʸüֻʺѪ֮ǵ˸û취ղ䣡ʱ仹ãҪʱһǡ
ʸû˵꣬Ͷľȴʮס
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ʥ򶼲̫ԣУԪȴռ˼󲿷֡
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ԴӴǴɽǾȻһѪ֮˶û·Щ˶ȫʧƵģ¾˲ٵԺ䣬Ȼǿһˡ
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1849 Ѫɷǣȣ
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ɼˣһĹ֮ȴôʮУ¸о˲٣Ҳǳ֮ƣʱ΢һ㣬½޷ȵĺ
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Ȼ䣬֪˭һ˷׷׳ͷϿȥ
Ҫһȴôٴɫ䡣
ѪɫĿռУҵͷϷѪƼᣬǽһѪɫӰЩӰӸǼΪ¿ȥΪģȴܹܵһַĵı
ⲻǸղɱЩһǵã
Ȼ˾
˻ǵƵģ漴ò˷׷׳
λȻûԶ֣ЩѪɫӰչֳòȴǶͬЩϤ
ݡ
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ЩѪɫӰʱǱѾ׼ȻһĻȴޱȺȻ
ܴζ޷ֵѪɫӰĳԵǸ𲻵һá

Ȼ䣬һҵ˻𣬱øձһѪɫڵһˣѸٵĵڵϲϳ鴤Դ·ھʲô˺ѷεʹһ㡣
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ܿ죬˵ĶУڲͬλֽ˲ٵĲҺղǰĹҲǽ֣ôҿ֣
ұԼҪǶԿȫ
𵱼ȣԥμ˸ҲˣȻⱻѪɫֵķΧУȴǵٶ˼Ӱ죬¾ҼʱӦȴʼ޷תۼкüҺ֮𡭡
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ЩҵɫΪѿ
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ףʱҲΨһİ취ˡ
˵ķִ֮˶ȫУʥҲһ֣ʱ̱Ԫ÷ܹȶ
ʱѪɷĹƣһȴҲ൱Ǳסˡ
벻ð취Щò˶೤ʱΪԪľ⵽Ѫɷľ¾
ЩǧƵѪɷһһεĳŷ֣ô˷ҵԪԽ٣û취һЩҩʱָôɽˮĵز
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һΣһԭΪлӦɺȻһŮȴлңԼСģԺҿɾ;Ȳˣ


1850 Ѫİ£֮䣡
ǰǰ
ٴιصлȴٳûһӦǸȵǰѾ뿪ˡ
ʲôˣΪʲôҪǣ澹һ涼¶˸Ϊɻ
ǣΨһܹȷľǴŮиоûжͣ˵ЩƤԼ鶯ȫһС˵ʽ
һСܹЩ˶飬
Ůûֻãɾƫƫôһ仰ԽôҸе⡣
᲻йأľؿڵ

⻰ͻʸһۣǲһЦ
ŮǸŮ˵Ļô˵׼йء£Ҳù²⣬ѪռڣҲܸ̫˼ʱ䡣
ˣʱЩ
֣λϵܣǼߣҪҵ£ȻѪ֮ȫ
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ȥϵԣ⻹ҵϵʽ
˼һ£ͷóһ壬֮ǰϵѪӥʹõ㡣
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ۡ
ѪɷѪɫϱ״Ƶһ˲䣬ĳԺеİȴһѪ˳

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ΪصԵʣɽµĶ£ֳһѪɷ֮УԭΪܹһʱ䣬ȫԳѪɷΪ֮ļƻ
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վ˸һֱյͼʾΧʼɱ𽥱ƽΧγһΧȦλóΧԷֹʲô©
鶨֮λŸԼľӢԼ¸ͼ֮˿ʼжչ˶Ѫռˣһ˳Ļǽϱܹһ

չѪռ乥ƺ󲻾ãɽ±ǵõǸŮˣҲе̨ϻϢ϶֮ڵλѾȷ
Щ֮ˣѼ⵶
Ƕ̣âǾԵľӢڣ
ΪϹѪռľٶڶ϶չһϵеϴĿֱָЩѪµң̶̼ʱѾ˼߼壬ڶ϶еĲѪ֮Σ
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̶һչ򣬽Ƕ֮УѼ⵶ʮ˱ɱ֮ǰһЩѶϢ֮⣬ûһĿܣ
ŮṩϢɽºܿ콫Ѽ⵶ɾ漴ͣ˲ȥ򣬲һΪǱ߻ǰѶϢҶ׷׸תأһСɽµħצòҲ̶ã
ΪߵĸˣϧȽ֮ǰ֮󣬲δȥңѡ
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ɴҶˣ֮ĻԶǱߣΪʹ


1851 ήңֻϢ
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ϵϧȽȻû˵ʲôСڵıȴȫһ¡
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û˵ĿһֱϣֻȻȥʮֽƺЩήңӦʱ鷱࣬Ϣ¡
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˴͵ɫ˲䣬һŵͷȻԺг֡
磡
ѿڽеոմ򿪷ŵס
ôɵתͷ
ָһ°ɣŵȰŵҩˣ
ǰȥ˵
ã
û˿ԥóĵҩ̷ȥһͬݣϥúĺ棬˫ֵס󱳣ʼ仯յЧ
Ȼûע⵽ǣڲ¶ۼļԺȻʱ䲢ȴ淢һ⡭
ʮӺЦˣ磡Ϣɣָܹˣ
ţлл
ͷ뿪غ÷Żص£һѾ˯ȥ˺ࡣ

û뿪ңǻصԼרԺС
ڼ䣬רôǱߵļŮ˵һŶһڷУɱȴ˿ɣ֡
ԺУȻէһʮȴһⱻˣǾľƺȷ˳ߣ˵ǲ֪ʲôľ࣬Ҳǵ쿴ήҵĸԭڡ
ôŻӣ
аŲ豭üͷ壬˼⡣
״ǵһ
ȡȡ
۲˼ŸֿܣȴϵΨһ˲֪Ѽ⵶׼ȷϢȴƫƫɽ˽ôȻվ
ܰɣ
ŵľɫΪʧ̬ղеĲ豭ڵˤ˶޲
뵽һֿܣǾ˳ȡ˼䣡
ûֻܽе
ˣʲôֱܹ£Ҫ֪ʵȻ̫ǿĴУ־յıչҲʥصʵһ𽥵ȲС
Ҫȫ֪гȡ䣬ʵҲҪǿɣ
ĪǸˣ
ɫѿѣ뵽جu˵ǸѪˡ
ˣôһоܹ͵ͨˡ
Ǹ˵˭
ʲôãϻ
Ȼ䣬˼ʱͨˣ˵зǳҪҪ˵
Ȼ̸ϻȥ֮ǰרȥԼϧȽš
ܿ죬뿪ֱصϵסҲں鼸Ů̸ڣȻ⼸һֱߵˮˮ
̣ʲôҪ飬Ȼһˣǳˮ΢΢ףЦʵ
û°ɣ
Ц΢һЩƣʱĵʵ
ڵĻǼŮҲ׷׵ǵĿ졣
û£
ЦЦ̣˵ɣ
ã
ڵͷɫֻ֪һֻ飡룬Ҳ֪һֱеĴʵ󣡡

ף˵һ϶Ǿɽ¹ųļϢ
Ǻǡٰɣ
ЦЦǰ쾭һݣѾȷֻʱ͵ص㣬һ
̣ģ
ԣʱվ
Ȼ
ںǺһЦͷ״ĵôĪ㲻ң
ֻ̫ˣæ
Сӡ
Цһ䣬ͼŮǼѵУԵݣֻ򣬶ҾɽʱӦڰ֮󣡡
ɽ
ͼŮǾ㵲ѣ˫Ŀ㵵Ľ񣬼ֱš
طǻЩ⣬˵ɽôõֻĻɻӣ
Цݣ˿ûлɡ
ʱȻܶ˶˵ĻѵԼӵܵеĴˣ
ˣι˵ˣ
ӯӯЦЦ
̣ˣûɣôż켱æ
Ǻǣû취һҪȥ죡
ЦЦ鷳ǶչˣҰͻ
ɡ
컹ڵȥѾûж˵ʲô㾶ֱ뿪
ʱ֮Ծɳεļ


1852 ţеɱ¾
磬ô죿
ߵߣʵ
ŮˮĿⶼȫϣһ΢ЦģҲΪֻͷɶԸѪ£ҡ
ˣ첻һ٣ɫҲٴα
ʲô
׷ʵȴü΢ʵǲǳʲô飿Īڣ
سһֱʱЩЦƽЩͬ
磡
컷һΧ´ʱסУȴҲĵͳһЩ
磿
Ůһ㶡
ܳʲô£һֱУҸΪټʵѾʥأʲô龹Ȼ춼˳
ӦǱ˳ȡ˼䣬Լȴ֪
ص΢֯һԣǽȥؼȫ˵˳ȻѼ⵶ĲüŮþ֡
㻳ɩ˵ǸΪƺʵ
ţ
쵹Ҳûֱӵͷңʵǿû´ĻٶԺмûʲôۼϸĻôһ˿֣ᷢ
Ѽ⵶ǱߣҲΪʧأ֮˰ǿɶǾģ
˵첻ҡͷЦһ¡
רѵЩ˵ʱʵҲ˲ٵľ֮棬ϳ벻˵Ĺϵǳȴû뵽Ѿ
ǽô죿ظʼ⣬ֻøΪء
ô죿
ۣǸ˵һҪ˵ֻ֮鼴ҪͬУ
ڱ𣬳綼ģһҪɽºѪ֮˸ѪĴۣ
˵ҧгݣŭǳ
һСһǻǾȻȥأˮҲһɣٻᰲȫһЩ˶٣˵
ã
ˮûκξܾԥĵͷӦ

صغ̫ϳϵݽУʵԪϵ֮ټƵĹ㳡ϣ֮ࡣ
ĻҲ˵ˣ
컷ˣԵ̫ϳϵ˴տʼɽκ̻֮رס𣿡
ǣ˷׷״Ӧŵ
һΣϵһ̫ϳϵݷȻͷֲ⣬ȴҲûжʣֳ˼õԡ
ৡ
ţһӣһʮ׼ȷûڳÿһ˻УһȴһֻаƴСȴΪµơ
ΪԷһһʲôΣգԽԪУһһʱϹȥǼסˣҲǵһǵ˽ҪͷòҪʹƣ𣿡
쵭ĿԵ˵ȴԽ߰һЩƿһôҶԥķ׷ס
ˣȻȥúϢ峿̳
˰֣žȻȥ
ڴ뿪Ҳ֮רԺȥڰ·ϣȴ˸Ϲ
ȻûϢ̫ʱ䣬ΪеҩԼԳ֣ή״̬ת˺ܶࡣ
磬㲻˯ôˣ
ֵģ
ЦŪô󶯾֪ܲ𣿡
Ǻǡ
ЦЦұȥ˵˵ģȻˣǲȥǶȼ
ۣǸѾþûȹˣ
˼ıӦһͬģȫûһȵĳרԺȥ

ء
䡭
ΪֻԼǸѪ˵ĵʱѪռȴλĸԴ£ΪѪ۵ṩľͼչһѪռϴ
ȻӦԣκҲ٣ʵ˶µӶԴ
ڣΪ׵֮ˣҵ·һ·Ѫ֮ˣûκֵȫɱٸ𣬶ǵʵǿߵĲڵԪѡ
֮Ҳ⣬еɱ¾ƺԵüΪɡ
ȥĻ²ձܹѪռϴɾ
ףǲܵģ
»ڣбѪռǾռĸ֣п϶вΪ֪ǿߣ
һЩ˳֣Լ߱ضʧء
֮⣬ûлɽ¡
ѪռĵΣͷɽΪѪ֮Ǿ޶õģ
ɽµ¾̫ϳȫһĶ֡ڴ˷ѪռУһҪע߶ȡ
ڲ̫ͬʱѪ֮һЩ޷صĴڱҪʱԹһЩʱ䣬Ϊľɽܹи
ôҪǸûа취
Լѹʵôȫʱڣɽ¼ûӦ֮ǰ㽫Ѫռ䳹ڵȴһ
ΣܹʱѪµʵ֮Ҳкôģ
Դ˷𣬶ľԼʸ˲Żֳ·ͬʱǷϸĵͼһѪռ룬һɱ¾ЩʵԵ͵Ѫ֮ˣʶıܿһЩǿܴڵĵطΪľǸһּɽĲһиϻ
ȻⲢ˵ֻһжҪռƻУ
ɽºѪǿ϶Ҫģֻʱĳˡ

Ȼ̽·֮˻ǰ淢һʮֵĵط
ֵĵط
һ£ͼſʵĶ
õŵͼǱġݣ⣬ȻڶľʸС
̽·ߵͼǰ΢һ±ָһص㣬Ѫ룡
Ѫ룿
ۣȻרֻ˵Ҫ룬ö𿿽Ϊʲôȴû˵
ҪҴ˽ȥ̽·֮˵
ʥʵҲеŵģ
ˣ
Ƭֵ̣ѪҲǵıؾ֮ȥˣ
Ǽһеأ˼
˵ϣǲҪȥô죿
ϣ
Զʱסֵ֪ˣ
ЩЦãΪİҡҡͷ
֮һֱףȴûȻᳬλ
̫ϳϣϾһЩ
ôʲôԼˣ
Ц˦˦ԴŲ»˼̽·˻ϣѪռеɱ¾֮ã


1853 Ƶɽ£쫷
ѪռеһУɽ¶ʮ˽⣬֮ǰλһֻҪ̫죬Ҳ̫ԵȥԸ£ɽ¾Ͳ̫⡣
ͬ㣬ɱѪ֮˴󲿷ֶǵԪԪʵЩɽ¿ֻһЩڻңûзϡ
ߣɽԼһ뷨
ȥɱЩڻұɱԽ࣬Ѫռ˵Ҳδزһ£
뵽ɽµϸֳһĨΪյЦݣ漴ȴֱ˿Цɻ
ԭܼ򵥣ʱȥȻ޷ֻϢһ㶼ûС
˵ֻӦÿҪˣ֮ǰݳһӦգʱ䣬ÿɽԼݶȫûͷͷ·ϸֻһ

˴ɽ¼ΪƵ̾һ
ڻɣ֮ǰԼֻݣǲˣ
ϡ
ɽƲѵʱ򣬺Ȼ˽
ʲô£
ɽ¼æʰ񣬱ƽǰ
ǰһˣ
ϣǱб䣡ʱ˵
򣿡
ɽʱüô£

˼æصǱߵ˺Ȼȫ¶аɷ֣ǵȫɱϢҲѪ֮ǰģ
Ѫɽȥĸˣʵʥ۷壬Ҳɽµĸ֮һˡ
˵ɽ¿ǵúϸ
Ѫʵ¾޷ľȣֻҪСģټϻкüʥµĸӦûᱻ֣㱻
Ѫˣ⡭
ɽۣʵˣղ˵ţʲô
ϣǷѩɽׯ֪֮ͨȻʵ߻һһŮˣǡ
ˣȴԥ
ʲôɽ赣ǣֱԣ
ǣϣ
˶˶٣»ɣаĸĸľأȻòȫͬȴĳЩСϰ߷ޱ仯
檣Ȼ󲿷˲֪ȴס
ɽѪоâһ±֪ˣ°ɣ
ǣ¸ˣ
˹˳ȥɽµıȴѿ
ǱߵȫѪûܻһĶ⣬
аɷ֣ôô֪Ѫ˵Ĵڣ
Īлʲô
ѵ
ڷУɽɫ˼ţȻûһǰһϢ
֮ǰƣλȴ
Ѫ֮Ҳͱһȫ΢ͬıɽзֲļһҹ֮䶼ɱһ
˵ɽ²ڱֲһЩֻǱͬڱжľ壬аɷţ쫷ڱͳû취ɽ²֣ȴǲȻǱߣֻһʸѣһʸ۷еʵĩģ
ɽȴôҲû뵽ȻҲͱһ
λѪ֮˵ȴҲһ־޴Ĵ
һʱ䣬ɽȴǸӵˣֻƵĿҪ³Ѫ
ˣȲˣ
ɽ۾΢΢УҪĻ뾡һа취õֻ飡
޷ݣֻ֮ܰǰõĽȥ죬ɡ򣬷Χ̫һЩ
ˣɽȴ¶һĨߺ޵ɫߵԸﱾֺαñ˷񣿺ߣһ죬Ҫ˭Ѫ֮
ãɽŶߵȫټ
ֻһĿģȫȥͬʱϵڰµԱһѰңϧһҲҪҵֻܳĵص㡣
ȻЩ룬ܱʲôúã
һܹȷпܵĵص㣬ɽ±а취ȥֱǼ٣¾ν̫ϻæҲûֻܶ顣
˵ʲôһȾָֻ飬Ѫ¾ͽױ֮͡Ļɽ¸ţ

ʲôã֪ˣ
У챾ڵȺЩɽ֮˵Ļ㱨û㱨ûǽӵһϢ
쫷ˣ
Դϴ쫷ʽ˵ĹעǴ֮ͻûʲôϢȻڸղŲã쫷ʽѪս
ͬһʱ䣬쫷Īɽ쫷ҽϹԶԴӣ쫷֮еǧԱӱֱӸѪռڴ
쫷жٴ˵Ĺע
Щ˶ڲ²⣬ǲ쫷һ£˭ܹѪ¡
ô˵ΪѪ£򼸺ȫԱֻ֮⣬ĵľѪܹ֧Ŷˡ
û˻Ѫ²ܱ
۷壬ټ쫷ĸɶǴϹʱڴģ
һѰ¾һĴκһ֣һҹ֮䶼ܹ
ѪȻҲϹʱڴģȻʱչֳ˼ǿʵĴУȴȥã
쫷Ҳ֣ģ
ɽҲڵһʱõ쫷ϢʱֻǰһûжܣƺѪռİΣںȫѰֻϣ
ȻôģĪĲںѪռԼô˵
һ㣬¾ֻɽԼˣ˫˸ıѪȴ˵ڵĮģûбϿô򵥣
һߣѪռб·ɱ¾λҲӵĪɽϹԶĴţ쫷Ĵ˷ٶʾһӭ
λʱ뿪Ѫռ䣬ϹԶĪɽӵٸ쫷֮˽У𻹼򵥸ǽһѪռеϹԶĪɽ˽ʮ
ȻĽĪɽȴǺüͷһ壬˵һֱΧ¾ͼûг

ףôʲô𣿡
̫ˣ
Īɽӿڵ㵱ЩڻңǶΧ֮һԾûж;Բ򵥣£ʲôıڵǣ
ı
ʵ֮ǰǾ²⣬һֱûʲô飬Ҳ΢һЩ
Ϲ٣ĴмпйѪⷽ飿Īɽ鳯ϹԶʵ
롭
ϹԶͷ˼һ̧ףɫѿ˵ûǴĻѪйأӦ˵Ѫռ䣡
Ѫռ䣿һ

ϹԶǴҶӦ֪ѪռѪѪѪ֮һջ׳ΧЩѪɫҲѪ֮һ
ϹԶô˵ҾǱ˲䣬ɫѿ˼㣡


1854 Ӧ֮
ѪֱΪѪ飬ѪԼѪ飡
УѪռѪΪɽȫƿأڵƬռ䡣
Ѫ飬Ǳɽ֮ʶܹĴΪ£££ֻĴѾֻʣ°һ
Ѫ飬ճΪ飬ɱգΪƿ޿ռĻ
Ȼ˵޿ռ䣬֮ǰͨѪƶȥǸѪʹǬڵǸռ䣬ֻ֮ǰһֱ֪⻹һ޿ռĴڣʶôȡ
޿ռ˿ռ֮뿪챾һֱȥһԼǸռţҲ˳ܷһʵ֣ȴʼûüϾҲʵ̫һЩ
Ѫ˵Ѫܹ֮أҲɽһֱҪõֵĶѪ飬ɽ¸޷óѣһֱŭѣҲɽ±ɱԭ֮һɡ
ϹԶἰѪλı鶼ǼΪء
ջ׳
ϹԶ˵ôǴһʼܹɱôѪ֮ˣǷڰɽ׳Ѫռ䣿
˴λһۣЦһ¡
Ϲ٣ô˵ʲôɱκһˣȻɽҲΪѪռ׳ʵЦʵ

ϹԶҲεҡͷ
Ѿûʱϲɵɫ

ϹԶô˵Īɽڵļ˶㶡
ϾѪѪ֮һҲɽƿأǲ˵Ѫ鵽׻ûʲôãôϹԶ֮˵
ʵȫԲȥЩʵ΢ˣ
ԱߣľüͷҲʲôˣıԣֱȥҰ£ܹջֻҪȥЩԪϵˣҲһЩűһ·ɱȥյĻҪһЩ
ÿ˵Ļǲͬģ
ϹԶʵԽǿ˻Խǿ
ûȷ˵ʲô˼ȴܼ򵥣ľ˵ʵҲࡣ
ٸӣɱһԪǰڣʵɱʮԪ֮ˣѪռյĻʵ࣬ԪǰڻҪһЩϾʵĲҲǷǿģ
ڸô죿ܾܲʹ˳˰ɣľƵûʲôʵ
ҵӦֻ֮һʱ²գ
ûô˵Īɽ飬ȴǺԵ
ৡһ£˵Ŀȫȥ
ǿڵĪл˵ϴ
Ѫռ䲻Ҫջôɱ˵ʱ򣬱ͬʱѪ֮˵ĻǳأĪɽ΢΢һЦ
ǣ
⻰Ҷʱ۾һ
ղţǾһͬôû뵽ôأ
ֻˣܹǵĹȻټȴ࣬¾վλУʸҲδ
ŵ뿴
ĪɽЦЦбѾһ˸ŰɫâƣЦһĹȻҲֻһؼѣԻȴżЧλԸĻԣһؼѣŴҺܹܿɹ
ǾͲˣ
λһۣԥĽ˹ȥһɢȥģܿ쿴Ƿ׷׵ͷͬĪɽĽ顣
֮ǰĪɽͬȴǺܿĽֵؼҲΪ֮Ѫ´õͻᡣ
쫷ߣĪɽϹԶķԸУҲܿĸԽ״̬
ֻһݵؼѣڳ֮˵ʵʱɹȫʲô⡣
ֻڴҶʼĪɽϹԶȴߵһԣһΪһǵעѾֳһֽ˶Ҳ֪ڿЩʲôڴȴȫΡ
ǻϹԶЦһ£

ĪɽҲһ̾εҡҡͷ

һߣУ»صרԺ䣬ڴ˵Ⱥ
Ѿָ˹ǰή״̬ȫȻڡ
쿴ȴΪӣԥҪҪϵ˵ӽԺСģתһ룬ǸѪٴγ֣ȡĹУ޷Σǻ˶ݾߡ
˵ĻڻָˣԺô죿ܲÿÿҹĶ߰ɣ
˵ܣôʲô
оæһԼĵʲôôҪƵģ
㣿СֲʲôŮ
عûĺһ¡
㵽ʲô
üҿЩòֳʲô˰ɣһ˹㣬ĪǾվﱻôſ

ЦЦѾʱ˵뵽õİ취ᡣ
˼Ȼֻѡȡļ䣬ɱŶʱڣӦòʲôΣա
磬Ҹ˵
ЦŸһ裬ӦѾ֪ȥɽ˰ɣ
ţǲʲô뷨ͷʵ
Ļʲô뷨
ЦҽӵɿϢֻ֮齫ɽȥΪ
ʲô
էԣصɴ˫ۣģ
Ȼ
ͷ漴ȴεĿЦֱڶûһϢǵ˶ɽһ׶죬Ҳ
᲻Ϣ󣿡֮˵İԶ˶ٺʵ
ᣡ
ԥҡͷ
Ȼֱ֪ڵʵݣһֱ˵һжûд
Ǿ͹ˣ
Ҳüʵˣܣֻ鵽ʲôʲôģ
㲻֪治Ѿ𣿡Ȼ
Ҳ˵ˣǲֻǴԶѣ֪ʵģ˵˫ֵۣû´ĻֻӦú˽ģ԰ɣ
ԣ
ԥҡͷɫ磬˵ʵڵģĶֻ鲻˽⣬ҲĴ٣

죬ס

治̫ϳϣЦЦĿУּ͸ĸо
ðɣҵȷ֪һЩֻҲȷ˽⣡
һԣȻɫȻĵ磬Щڲ˵ģܿͻ֪ˣ

ջ˷ϵ񣬵УȻ㶼ô˵ˣѲһеӱʲôûµĻȻȥˣȥһЩ飡
˵ţҪ뿪ȴֺĵ磬Ҹ


1855 Ӱɱɽ·أ
ĪɽǸؼѪռԵĵҲ˺ܶ࣬ټ쫷ǧһ𣬴ٴչ˶Ѫ֮˵ɱ¾
ȴ֮ǰͬɱ˵ʱ򶼻ͬʱǳѪռκһǿĻᣡ
ģ
ֻɽµķɽѪռȴ޷ɽǰƿأ
Թ쫷ǵĵԼֵؼ𵽵ľ޴ãҲֻаڵõ׼ȷϢܷȴҲʧ˲һԺųĽ
ð¸ޱŭԭȥʮǵ˫ȴǱŭѪȡ
ɣʱ˿ǾڰǰĻ¼ֱ޲ýʬˡ
ˣô죿
Աиµ˹ʵ
ȣ
¿˴һۣռƻ쫷Ҳ˺ã쫷ҶԴӣǾͰȫٱѹ
Ǵˡ
˰µĻǺȴü߲ƣʵǿ˸סҪôȥܹɱǣԼҲʧأ
ô
ߵҴˣǺۣҪɴʩΣ
²ң
һ˲ֱӹڵϡ
ȥ
ȻһŷںϣæٵͷʮǱ뿪ˡ
֮ǰİôˣ
ٿǺһۣŤͷˣޱʵ
ش˵Ļһȫźˣ
ʱػص
ܺã
ͷ˿Ҳҿ˵ΨֻᲽ˸ղǺ˵ĺ󳾡
ȥɣҵļƻȥ죡Ԫµˣʲôǲľ񣡡
»ˣѪ˫â˸ԵԺɹȾѪµĹʱݽշڻ£
лϣлˣ
˹˹׷׿첽뿪ˣƺŲøӯࡣ
ֻǣȴûע⵽ǵһĨ
ˣҸղűֵĲɣǼԶ󣬸ղűһµĺȴǺȻڰ߸ֳһռ䲨ûͬһ㡣
ǳã
´˿Ҳû֮ǰϴЦݵĵͷǱӰɱãղЩô
ǣ
˰µʻƲƲ죬мĵǻǿģ浽ͷԲʲôõı֣
ǰ
Ҳһֺ̾γ֪أڱڣе鶼Ҫȥܹչ˵ȫ֣ҺǵڱУʱ䵹Ҳõǻʲô
ҵǱ湧ɰȴڴ˵ļƻΥˣҲǸӰɱ
ԾҪǰ˸ˣ
кâһǾ˶ǱѾѪģÿһʵȥǣҲŻģбҪĻֱӳ֣
ǣȥţ
Ӱɱͷ֮ʧ͸ղųһϢ
ԭۣһǳѪƶķ첽ȥȥʲô˿֪

ĺüʱ䣬ټ쫷ǧྫγƲɵƣĹǧѪ֮ˣÿ˶ѧɱ⹦ʹѪռ䲢ûΪЩ˵ǿִΧɱ¾УܿռԭڵѪɫðһЩ
ⷽҵĸоѪռҪ֧Ųסһ
ԴǼ˷ܵ飡
Ȼ˿ĳɽλϣɫ粻ϲŭ·һŵˡ
ûһ㷢ôһ֮ûУɽۣʵ
⼸ʱ䣬ԼߵȫͬʱδѪռдҲȫ˳ȥֻĿܵصһûҵ˵ҳʲô֮ˡ
Ȼ˵ѰһЩ֮Уÿɽ˲ƹȥ鿴ʱȴʼնʧ飬һջ
һñƢõΪŭ

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һʵʥϣÿһɽǰȴͬСƵģκΥ˼ɽҪɱǣҲֺͷûУ
°ɣ˸ң°򷭸׶죡
ɽ°˰֣˵
˻ʱôظһҶֱͣ뿪Ψгɽ±ɷԴ󷢡
뿪ɽվ̧գѪɫ˫гɻ˵ѵ֮ǰݴˣ
ԣ
ȻܿȴҡͷԼƲ⣬ֻ鲻߳ص㲻ڣ˾Բ˵ЩӦûֱӸҲŶԣ
ɽ¿еġˡָĲǱˣѪµ̫ϻҲҪҪȥֻŮˣ
Ϊʲôұ򶼺޷֣
ҪǣھȻֻĿʱ͵ص㶼˹ɱ
ˣɽɫ˲䣬ɱ
ģѵǸƣ
ɽԺжȻֳƵòɵ˫ͫзһĨ⡣
˵ת֮ȫ䣬ڵʵҪɱҲѣ
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ܵĴм䣬һľЩˣ˵һѪˣʮٸ±ֻ˲Ϣ֮顣
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ģɽƽһЩھϹʱѾȥ֮ãǰǸʱǶûҲӦòɣ˵ôʱ䣬Ƿ񻹴ڶ˿֪Īǣܹꣿ
һʱ䣬ɽ±ԥɫҲǱĪ⡣
ģ׸ô죿
ɽ¿յĺܣ漴ȴɫٴһ䣬תǽǵѪռеɱ¾˽һ飬ʱŭʢۺǱҵģãҾɱֻ飡
ºɽ²ٳɡ
Ը˼ŬѰֵֻ֮ܳɽԼһֱĻصѪռС
ΪѪռʵƿߣɽ²ںʱεضܹɽ
𣡡
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ţ
ɽµͷ﷢һҶ֪ˣʲôʱʽ֣
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һúܺã
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Ǻǣ
ЦЦɽȴۣһЩ֮⣬о룬ֻ鵽ô£


1856 ֻĲɣΣձƽ
ֻ飿
ɽµĻ΢΢һ㶣ûҵֻ𣿡
ǰ
Լķû˴ڵ£ɽ²δԼģԵüΪʧ
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Ů֮⣬һа¶˲ȫ֪ȫͬһ
Ȼ˽һкȴüͷĴͷȥ
ɽ£ҲûгԼȴͨľϵŰ˼һУ뷨ȫһ࣬ҲΪĺô
ΪıֻҪɽԸ⣬ȫʱضԸܵһ˼룬ΪʶķҲͬӲֹļ
֮󣬰̧ͷ˿ɽҲ֪һУȴЩŵľɡ
ѵɱ
ɽЩɡ
Ϊ֮ǰʱҲ˲²⣬ܹɱ˱ضʮǿǿڣֺαô鷳ֱӽɱˣѪˣȻֻ͵С
¸ղ룬ɽ֮ԻǰֽȻͬݽʮ֮˾žɱΪֻǲɽµõֻ飬ҲΪ˶ɽ£Ѫ²ûʲô⡣
Ī
ɽüѪԵŭ
˵˭
΢΢һɽȴҡҡͷδ˵˶ٺʵûʲô취ȷֻʱ͵ص㣿

⻰µʱЦҲδ̫߿ˣʲô취ɱΰҡ
ˣȴһ٣и취ԣ
˵ɽ´ߴٵ
ȻɱΣûжǳ֣ôֻֿܣ
µ˫˸żΪǵĹâԵһռУڶҪӱΪȡʱ䣡
ҿڶпܣΪҪռеĻܹɱʵҲô࣬ȫ֮ǰֱӽֻõ֣
˵ɽҲͷ˳˼
ǵڶ㣬ֻҪҵǸҪֻˣһֱɣʼ磬Ц˵
죡
ɽѿڶ
Ҳֻпܡ
Ͼɽ´֮ǰĽֻ˽Ѿ֪кüѾãֻΪصһţȻܷ
Ȼɽ²δʹ˿е⼼ܣȻҲ֪ʵѾȫӵгֻ֮˿ӣ
֪Ļ»᲻ϧһеĽɱ˿֣
ȽЩ֮ұٸȥ򣡡
ɽۣ˵
ƺһ˵Ĺ򣬶㲻ʲôҪ顣
˵ɽ¸ûнǷУ
£ȥŰɣ׼һ㣬㲻ܰЩһȫҲҪǴʹɽ
ãģ
µͷǾֱ뿪ˣֻɽһɫ粻˫ʼ˸żΪĺ⡣

תۼ䣬Ǽչȥ
һ㣬֮ǰ˵ֻ鼴ɽİ֮ڣڻвʱˡ
УйֻϢȴǵ˲٣Ͼ˽Ѱ޹֮ǰ贫ϢҲֻʱĹȥƽϢ
ΨԼѪռеɽµˣȴǶֻ鼴Ųɡ
ڹȥʱУĲ˶Լ쫷ѪµսбԼΪչһѪµľ޴ϴ¾㱻ѪƿصĶ򣬶˿ʼѪ£òѪ̶֮ʱʧء
ѪռڣɱУгɰǧѪ֮˲С
Ƕ֮ǰִΧ𽥰Χļƻõʮֲʵʩ
ȴԾɲ֪ɽѾع飬ɰ趨õļƻĸչɱ¾𽥱ƽѪռλá
ϣѪռһŲҹգϰϰҶûȥЩ
Ͼûа취ָֻܵҩвϵĲ䣬⼸Ѫ֮˵ɱ˼ЧҲǸҾϵľ޴ȻǶԼȥ
λټϹԶĪɽ쫷Ҷڴʱȴһ
ǵɫЩأ¿ܰһУȴ·ʱʲôΣһǵľʹûзɹ
룬Ƕо˰ɣ
ϹԶü
Ȼû˵о˾ʲô˾ס
һΣռƽһܴ󣡡
ЦϹϸ磬Īϸ磬ʵǿ˵˵ɣ
ˣ쫷ǸҵģϵΪ֮αǫ
Īɽۺ룬ԣǿɶμĵģ쫷жһȷΪ˱𣬿ɸҪĻǵжϵܣ뷨ֱ˵ǣ
ҶԼˣϹԶҲ֮Ե
ţľƺͻʸҲͬʱͷû˿ԥ
ʵҲֻΣձƽĸо˵Ļֲ֪˵ЩʲôЦҡͷ
˵᲻йأ
ľƽӿڵҲ׷ٴλΧܳһƬž֮⣬ûʲô֮
ȻԼϢ֮ʱȻڡ
Ȼˣβɴ㲽ΪӪ
ϹԶȻΣ֮Уĺ֪˻Σ֣ǼвУֻҪСһЩŲʲô⣡
ͬ⣡
ϹԶĻ䣬ĪɽʱͷֻҪžûʲôΣܹѵסǣ
𣬶ľԼʸǵ˵ͷһжŸɢȥúϢ
Ȼ¾˯ˣҲδɾ裬֮κεķ紵ݶǶ̷ӦЩδ֪Σձƽ
һҹȴʮƽĹȥûκβ
ڶһ磬ôҶϢ֮ɰռƻǰУһȴδֿǼһ𣬷ֹֿ֮ᱻҵᡣ
Ҳ֪ǲ˶оˣʱ䣬һ·նɱʵ΢Ѫ֮⣬ûʲôΣճ֡
Ȼ־裬ȴǻٵĶЩиЩûѪ´˶׷ԽΪѪҲˣ֮Ի⵽ѪµϮɱƿأҲʵ̫һЩ


1857 Ѫڤ£
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صרԺУߵ£ʵ
Ϊ˵ֻ齫ɽΪ˰ʱټ˵İ֮ڻвʱ䣬Ǳصڡ
ֻǣ峿ڳԹ緹֮ȴɫЩصԺУкܴһղǼСһչȥ춼ûжᡣ
顭
عʵʲôʱ߶ûв
ôˣ
漴ѣԼˮŮҲ˹
Ȼûж˵ʲôеĵ֮ɫȴǾɡ
ҪǣڼŮСټ綼ȫ
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ˣĿȻķ۵˵пܵĻֻѪռǱˣ
˵ǻΣգŮɫһ䡣
ǣʦĪүүҲȥ𣿡
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ۣٵ˵⼸ʱ䣬չ˶Ѫ֮˵ϴȻڶǱԵһЩѪ֮˵ǧɽ»Ļôܺ޶
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ŮһۣԷ׷׵ͷʾͬ
Ͼ˵ɽûлȥǾۿżֶѪ֮˵ϴҪһ㣬ԼĸоֽҪͷ
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죬ȴЩԥ
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ŮЩԸļᶨȰ˵£ֻͬ⣬ڼŮǧУְοһ³Ҫȥǣȥ˵һһ˳ķ˲ƶȥ

ѪռУĵҲ֮ǰΣոоõӡ֤˵ĴͶ龹Ǳһ޴ɽУһƬѪɫڽµأܹԵظоѪҪȴǴ˿ɽγһѪɫռ䣬¾ϹԶĪɽʵȻоκγ·
֮⣬Ѫɫ֮⣬ҶһԵ֮У·ڵѪڲܿƵķڣһֿ̬·ʱпܱ
⵽ʲôط
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ңԪٶȸ죬ټϳ˵ҩ֮޷õʱĲ䣬ôĻΣգ
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һҫ۵ѪڰգɢŵѪ⣬ܵһУ˵Ķ鶼ȫѪ֮С
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һ
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ҺϹȥΧλϵܣ鷳עⱣһ´ңĪɽΣҲֻô
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λûܿĪɽϹԶһ񣬱Եĳǰͬٶȥ
ǶʵܵƣǱҪСܶࡣ
ֻڹȥʮӺֻˣһǴ֮ǰʱȫ෴ķ򣬻֮ǼѰ˸飬ȴûκη֣˵ҳƿİ취ˡ
ô
ȻѾ˲²⣬λ˻ϣĿˡ
漴˿ЦҡͷУҵϣֱʧԵüΪΡ
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λĲУĪɽЦϹ٣ó֮⣬ʲô𣿡
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֮ǰǾһѪɷǣѪڤºǸһ𣿡ʵ
ǾѪɷǣ
ĻĪɽϹԶŵ̧ͷﵽ˼㡣
λͷĪɽǾôܰȫͨѪɷǺѪڤһǱסȫͣµģ
ʵ˾ǣ
Цһ£ѡǸصŮ˵˳ĪɽϹԶһɣεǣû˿ǸŮӵĿ˵ʲô֪ˡ
ڱ˵Щˣ
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ʵ
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ΪֻУʵڲ֪Եġɱʲô


1858 Ѫʴң
ɱ
λЦѣʱϹԶĪɽȴЩŵĻܣһʱ侹ԵԽ
Ϲ١
λЩƵУĪɽȻڡ
ϹԶԶʱۣһ˴˿̾ƴơ
˵λǵôˣ
üղ˵ɱʲô
ضʣǾͻ֪ˣ
Īɽڰ֣λϵǵȫһ֣Ԫȫתеֿ
Ī֣⡭
⻰˾ʮֲ⣬ĪɽȻɫԼԱϹԶҲһı飬ûٶʣܿ㰴Īɽ˵ķԸȥ
Ȼ֣Ƿ׷׶ΪЩεԵʣв˲ûĪɽ˵֣Īɽ鿴ֱü
ϾȲ쫷ǱԼ¡
쫷ǱߣĪɽķԸǧ˺κ飬һһʮĪɽķԸؿһ״̬ЩŹ֣ЩûаշԸȥǣһ¶Цɫ
Ȼо׻ô˵ģŮܲף
֮ܲװ
Ļ֪ٵЦˡ
ڣвߵ˲Ϊ⣬ǶŪĪɽ鵽ΪʲôҪôϹԶղ˵֡ɱʲôϵ
Σλǿ߶ٴеģҲǸԴʮֵľ񣬱ϾɲѰط
һʱ䣬ȫȻ˵ţȴǿ˵ĺ
Źȥʱ䣬֮ǰƽѪɫռȻӿԽԽǿһѪ¸Խ죬Ѫƿһ㣬ڳ˷׷׶һĲ֮С
ˣ
ģĪɽɫصĿڡ
ˣʲôˣ
ǲ⣬ҲĪɽص֣ɵ÷׷Īɽͷٶȥ
ŴŴš
ɻ󲻽ʱ򣬱ܵѪɫӿڿռ䲻ϵĲУһѪɫ粻֪Ӻδֳ֣ѪһģһĹѪ⣬˷ڵλúХȥ
Сģ
ĪɽʱһԪת

ȻдһҺ˱ѪɫУ壬Ѫ궼ۿɼٶʧѪɫ֮Уֻʣһ߰ɭɭĹ
˻
Ҽ״ʱ׷׵һԥıȫתԪǰγɹ֧ͬŵԪ֣ЩѪɫ赲⣬ȻѪɫȴԽǿ󣬾𽥲ϵԪֵôҵɫԽѿ
ͬģλҲˣһɫֱص˼㡣
ŴŴš
ѪɫԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ𺳵ѹڽĶ̶̲ʱ䣬Ⱥбһҵ˻һ߾߰׹ǣ˿﷢
ʮ˲ǻ϶֮ǰûаĪɽ˵ȥЩˣ¼һ˵Ĳ״ܹѸٵĶʵȴҲǲ˲٣ѪɫֲֿϮУҲֻֿǰ㲻ֱӵӡ
⵽ʲô
ŭѣԼߵĶǾԾ񰡣Щ֮ˣȴҲӹɵģҲǰѪռˡ
֮ǰ˵ġɱ
ĪɽѪʴѪڤµ⹥ƣÿһżǿĸʴ빥ܹʴѪ⣬Ѫе׳֮ǰѪɷǲ࣬ѪʴȴǸǿ٣֮ԲעҲջ³
Ǿû취ƿѵҪһֱôȥǾڵľʵ
취Уɼ޷쵽
Īɽ룬̧׵ѪЩѪʴԴѪڤµҲǶֻнѪƵǾܹȥˣ

⻰˶ǿЦѡ
ȻҶ֪һѪ²һģڱѪʴΧ֮£Ǹ޷һв¼Щ֮˵ĺ󳾡
˵ʱһһĲҺ𣬶ʱھʮ˲һ߾߰׹ǽأֱĵ׾ޱȯ}ûš
ôȥˣ
ľŭӯҧҪȥԣ
УԲУ
ԥҡͷȥľϵܣ˵ˣ¾ҺϹֳȥҲԼֲ˶ãҡ
ˣ𲻽˶٣ЦѪʴڲѪڤеȫһֱͣ£ǡ˴ռ䣡
ѵǾôľü

ʱʱǼҵ˻
ʱЩѪʴԽԽǿɱϰٸ˵ԵʣǶԪֵĳҲǱǿ˲٣ڻֿܹУҧֵģҲֲ˶೤ʱˡ
ȥɫĹĲƫƫڵǳȫתԪֵֿ֮⣬һ취
˿ѪƶʯУȴһˮưĻ˵һбֶȫչֳ
ɽһУ˸ޱȺɱ
֮ǰ˵ѪڤΪǰźõģֻû뵽쫷ҲһˣʶŶ׼ʱ䣡
ϧǣǲ֮ǰɱǧʵ΢Ѫ֮ˣΪΣѪռջ֮⣬ܹѪҺ
Ѫڤеһֱڵ֮⣬һ붼ЩȥˣҲô˵ѪڤԼǿֲѪʴʵ붼Լɵģ
֪һ㣬¶ʱͻڵҪɣ
Щʵ΢Ѫ֮ˣʵɱ벻ɱûʲô̫Ĺϵƫƫǲ֪飬ҲΪԼ˷Ѫ˼鷳鷳û취ĻǽջľΣˣ
𣬿׼ĵڶˣûˣˮĻеΣЦ
һȱ˵̫磡
ɽֻۣǼ̫ϳϻ֪Ķм֣Ѫڤ²һܹ֣ϾмؽģûϹʱ߱
Ҫ𣬸ɴһȥûȫɱˣ룬ɱ˵

ɽҡͷҲЩˣǼϲûϧ֪ǵʲôֶΣȻҲǣóȻ֣ǿ»ᱻ͵Ϯ
ãһԸ
ףٶԡ
˿̣ļ֮Уȴһ˲ֶǸо󣬴Ǳ߼˲ƹ죡


1859 Ѫ֣
ھˣ
컷һΧ΢΢һ̺󣬻ǰȥͬʱݺĶ˼ı仯
ʮףȫһˡ
ѪӥĻᷢѪǸ֮ǰٰ󣬵ȴѪռʵʵݵѪ
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ٷģǺܺãҲûб¶Ѫ̻ص
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ڱϵĵҲ뷨ĵ˾ôĶɹһ
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˴һ԰İȥ̽ϢҪѪ֮ѪռеľֲȻһжҪԱΪǰᡣ
ԸûϢҲҪһ
仰ôҶ쳣ж֮顣
ܿҷ׷뿪ѪѪԪ֮⣬ѪӥСڣԼѪۺѪСˡ
˵õϢӦҪѪԪѪһЩھͺ˵˵ɣ
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ˣ΢һֵʦβʦȥϵʦӦÿԵģ
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ͷҲûٶ˵ʲôֻмҪС֮󣬱ǶԻȥˡ
ԼΪǵİΣڴ뿪ѪѪԪ˼䣬㾶ֱȥɲж೤ʱĵ飬ҪΪʱʲô⣬Ǻڶˡ

ѪӥѪṩϢһ·ϵжʵɽºͰµļ֮£ֻ벻ףΪʲô»ԼǧѪ֮˱ɱɺ޶
п϶ʲôı˵֮ǰָойأ
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ұЩ׹ѩӡǣи˶Ѫµɱ
ڣʮӺһ޴ɽ⣬ɫصͣ˽Ų
ĽǶȿȥɽȳ˴һЩ֮⣬ûʲô⣬ͨѩƵ⾫ӡǣȴǰûô򵥣һ̺żΣա
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ѩԾǳﹷСȴܴ޷ǰһ
˵ѩƣ㲻ŶȥˣҪңǡ
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һȴǽܵĻʱעǰɽȵ
ϾɽͨѪƿѪռ䣬ԼȻѾݣȻܹƾ豻ȡ飨Ѫ飩εɽµļӣҪ¶һЩҲұ֤һᱻɽϳ
οѪ֮лǸ˵Ĵڣ
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ûȰ˵ʲôɽ±Ѿ뿪Ѫƶȴ˫к˸Ǻҧгݣ죡


1860 ѩƵĹͣˣ
ƬѪɫռ䣬޴ڵѪʴѾ˲һ߾ɭİ׹Ǵһ˵ĲɲòᣬΪֲҵΣȴǸӼ˴ҶѪµĺɱ쫷ǧ֮ȴҲ˼ꡭ
ֻϧҲʵİ취ǽΣˣϹԶĪɽҲһ
˲һ߾߰׹Ǵ𺳣ȷҪκʱҪΪǿ࣡
λǽֻƴһƴˣ
Īɽۣâ˸ȥ˵ѪˣЩ˶ȫ
أܹоһ˿˿ѹֵķ
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ǲΪԼҲҪΪô룡
Ѫ£
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ԣ
Īɽףʵû취ˣ㣬ǶһܹԱ
Ī֣˵ɣҪô
ľƺԥӦͻʸҲ֮ͷȫûκε顣
һҺϹȳȥȻǽ󣡼סһܳ
Īɽ˵һֱͣȻܹ嵽Ѫ±ϵʱҵĿԼǿĿռ乥ͨģֻѪ
ռ乥
ϹԶãϾ֮֮󣬶ڿռ֮ýһ̨ףȻȻһֻ򣬿Ծɴʥ۷ȴҪѺܶࡣ
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ܹﰲȻȥԿ˵󲿷ֵĹͶѩƵģ

ѩƼʱǰɽȣȻʼʱȴ׿ĵطȺš
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ɽµͷ¶һèץϷŪЦݣ죬Ϊڵ۷ڱѪռţ
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ƺ룬ɽϵϷЦЦô𣿱һֱɱ죬ֻϧѰ㲻ãû뵽㾹ȻԼˣ찡죬˵㲻Լأ
Ʋ仹ĵˣɽµĻʱͷŭʢȴɫ䣬ΪƽĵԵ˭һ֮ǰ㲻һкüɱ𣿡
ҲȥʲôԮˣ
ɽЦڷĵһʱ䣬㽫Ѫռ䳹׷գųʵȻûܹʲôҲ֪ѩƳ֣ΪͶľܹȫ𣿡
Щиǰ
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˴Ҳάֲסղŵƽ飬ѿ˼㣡


1861 Խʵ磿
ǱɫӣɽЦɢɱҲԽ䡣
죬
Ѫռ䣬ɽƻƻˣȴҲû̫ӣϾ첻ҲʵˣҲǲ۷ˡ
Ȼɽ˵컹ǲһЩģ
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ĺǿ
ԥĻǧý趯ȻֵܹЩѪɫĹƣֱϴ־ɫ˲䡣
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κһʥ֮ˣ¾⼸λֹвҲˡ
ء
ǧýЩѪɫԿУը֮ܿռݣǳֽһΣϽЩƽǰѪɫ˿ȥ
Ҫһʱ콫Ҳǲôܡ
𼼡ս죡
Ϊǵбɽʵʵ̫ǿôȥ쵣б˵ȳˣԼҲѱ
Уһ޴ĽХϢ£ǳЩѪɫֱ
צޱȼɱ
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ţǽĹ£Ԫ֧֣ЩѪɫûмֶ೤ʱǽ𣬲ϻѪɫƮɢҲʱȫһЩ
ֻϧ㻹ǲа
һĻɽµѪз˼âǱĸ飬Ե̰֮ɫ
ֱɳԸ⽫е鶼ʱһɽ˵
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˵ʲô
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ȻȻţɽȴۣЦ죬˵ô𣿽飬Ȼɣ
˵䣬Ѫɫâ˲ʢɽϸǱŷޱǿƣֶȥܿռ䶼üΪƵģɫһɲǼӵĳز١
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ʱƵܿռ䴫Ϊĵ˷ձ֮Ȼǽȵĵ涼ĿӿݣھһʲôԵѡ
ƣ
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찵æάƵֿͬʱǧý趯ĽâϯЩѪâ໥ײ졣
ӺܹǼʱɽµĹסɼˣ컹Ǹоڸ𵴣ʵԵĻѾΪһʬˡ
еֶΣֲܹŴƻƻ
ۣɽµʮ⻹첻齻֤֮أ
ȻȴûƵģһɲǣٴڿն𣬰Ŀձ֮ƼɵƵģ˽֮ղŸҵơ
ͬʱӡһȻȳҫŭ
ɲǼ䣬ľ޴Х磬Ѹײڶ֮ƳɽڵλüϮȥ
Ŵ죬·Ҫɽֱ븹Ƶģͬʵʰϯ
Ӧе˰ɣȻƲװ
Ȼɽȴɫ䣬ѪչֳһĨǿҵ̰
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һɽֳצ޾Ŀռֻ֮һ˲ǰγһֻƣոտǰ׿ɲǣƱѾסοȴʼѲһɹ޴ʱп»عı塭

һĻɫ䣬Ϊ鱾һԵԵʣܸоʹࡣ
ҵģ
һĨ񣬶Ѹٵӡٴȳ
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ȻҲֻĲ²ѣϣĻгʵ
аɣȻҲûУ
Σɽµıֵȷ̫ˣϣ춼оӵʹ࣬ʹԼҲ̲סɫ԰ףǸȻ˿˿Ѫ
ϢϢأƽһӱ˶Դ켫Ϊοһأ
ɽ£
ּǴмȥƵģޱȵı
ռ似λӰ
۾кâһһͺܿռ˲ȫȻֹͣƵģҲǺ׵ԭʧɽµı飬˵һεɫ䣬һֵѪռ䣬Ѿƿһ㣬޴ڵΣУɽµѪʱ


1862 ˱һ
λӰ
֮ǰҲʹùΣڵԺȴ״Ρ
ܵ˵Խ죬Կռ֮ƿصԽ˿ʩչټƹ
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Ӧʱֱ۶ᱻֱնϡ
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Ȼ䣬һŭȡ
ץƣĿռ䱬֮з׷׻ƮɢҲ˶õͷţһķŭױУһβ㳯ǰɽ·ŭȥ
һΣǾԵĸ֮ս
໥ϣױȵĿֲ
챾ȴΪʩչλӰԵʣԾûֳΣͺƳܿռΪһƵģʱضɽ¸оδ֪Σ
ΪѪ֮Ϊ˵Ѫռƿߣɽķŭˣһ˫ѪΪŭѪ죬·ʱҪ˶һ㣡
ڷŭͬʱе̰ȴǸŨ
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ת֮ת飡
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Ҳһ˲䣬Х

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˱ϮһѪߵķһ㵹ɶԭҩָһЩƣһ̸ŷ

ɽ´вɱ㲻ͣµ˼ͺһ֮ٶٴȶ֮ǰԸҵĳݺײϡ
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ţɽû˿֣ͣһһεĳ״ÿÿѡδȥδ֮ʱܹܵ˺֮ƽոࡣ
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˵Ѿܾúܾûˡ
ҪɽΪŭչֳ˵ȫڱʵͳǰ£ܹҲԽԽ󣬵ֻܵԪеֵ⣬ûʱκξٶֻĿԼϱɣϵҲ𽥱󡭡

аѣԽԽأﶼЩ֧ŲסƣôȥĻᱻıɽ¸ˡ
ء
䡭
ɽɲϵķŭţһһεĺϡ
ȻҪȴʼպް취
һһεıѪԵĸоԼԽ֧ڵԪתԽԽѣ
Ȼڽĳһ˲䣬ۿ켴ٴαɽ»еɲǣһ׹Զٶֱӵǰ׹ӿУǽɽµĳ£ֻǰ׹ȴھĳķˣԳѩϹѩʨı塭
ѩƣ
ô˻ᣬԥתľ΢̴ָѩƼ˲ƶ
ৡ
ţһһֳ𣬶ľƣʸԼϹԶĪɽˡ

Сӣ
˼Ĳ״ڵĵͬʱȴǽɽ°ΧɽҪѩƵ˼״ϡ
ô
õϹԶĪɽʾ⣬λߣĵʵ
Ѫ˵ӣǶ۲ѡ
ãֻһЩˣ
ҡҡͷǿЦЦָоѩǴͷ£ûĽǴԴһƿСһó
⡭
ĻٿѩƱƿԴίӣλЦԭΪɽ¶ŵҲúͻ˲١


1863 ɱ¾ɽˣ
ˣЦˣ
ѩίӣֽԴ˹ЦСһллˣ
ء
ѩƹԹԵм˫鶯۾ǵģȻڵơ
İɣû£
ЦҡҡͷΪľİæ̶̲ʱ䣬ѾָһС룡
֮ǰʹùľԵʣƵĻָһЩ
ζѩˣ
ҲǸмѵѩƣ˵ҺѩƼʱ֣ȻǼϼһô˶Ǳߣ
ʵҲԼϢ̫
ѪɷǣѪڤɱ¾ڲ֪УԻص˺
ʼѪɷǸصŮ˳ȣ֮ѩƵļʱ֣Ҳ֪㲻ŮվǱߣ
ΣιѪ£ʼջΪûг׵ǸŮ˺ѩƵĻЩ˿ڶվ˵ˡ
û£Լˣ
ǺһЦѩƵԴ԰ɣСһ
ء
ѩƵͷǴͷ򣬹ɲѡ
ǣ˵𣿡
ʱɽǱɭȻôҵĿٴˢˢĳȥ
Ѫ֮ɽ£
Ǽȴǵһμɵۣкâ˸
ϹԶĪɽ鵹ǺνɽµĿҲɱȻ
ǼҪ
ɽȻֹĹпٻָȴԾɱȲľ飬ʱΪˣ˼ɭȻ
µ˲䣬ΧϹԶĪɽ׵壬ɽºı£ʵȴҲֻܲϷ˽еֵ⣬ɳϰײſǿĳ⡭
۷ʵ춼˾֣ȴҲܻɽµĶ֡
ɽ¶ɱ˻ûס֮ʱɽ±ٴλһѪâֱĿȻָʵϵ͵ϹԶ
ģ
˼ԥһͬϹԶߡ
ء
ֲѪâſռ֮Ľݺݳϡ
ৡ
˽ˣһֻֿ𣬶ľƺͻʸֻʥ۷ʵļǿѪ嶼һƵģ
ϹԶĪɽȻһЩʵȴҲڸܵ˼𵴣ܹоԼڹλѿĶ
ǿ
ǳǿ
ʽһɽ½֮ڵ뷨

ɽ¹ûоʹֵͣ˼׼չɲǣȴѩϣһӵɽǰ
ң
ȳѩҲޱϵĵͺ˼
ɽɫһ죬Ѫѩϣ۾ԵһĨɵ
ѩƣα̯ˮڤ𣿡
ɽһݣ㲻ú𣿡
ôԣʱɫ΢䡣
һɽ¾Ȼ֪ѩڤ
ڶ˵ѩƵʲôΪʲô˵ѩˣ
㣬ֲ⣡
Īǣѩƻݣ
һĨɣתһ룬ȴԳЦЦôʲôֻҪѩԼĻѲˣ
𡭡
ѩƵͺ˼ǶɽµĻӦҸ˫ɱȻ˿ûΪɽµĻκζҡ
㡭
ɽɫٱ䣬Ѫоâ˸
ãã
ҧҧɽΪ㣡Ϊ㻹ǰ𣿡
𡭡
еӣѩƵðɣ˳ѩëǶЩơ
״ɽ۾һУҪ׼ʱȴǺɫ˱䣬ĿǴѩŲһܵˣɭѡ
һŹǣ
£ɽµȴȻڴǰʧ
ţǰɽУȴһ˺ѷεĲҺ
ã
ɫ䣬ûжıǳɽȼٷɱȥ
ȻɽеʱȴǼһѪ˵Ⱥвϴÿһ΢ͣٵƬ̣һѪⱻմһ߸ʬڵϣκԡ
ǵѪ⣬ɽ
ô
üͷϹԶȴ̳Ⱥĺȫˡ
Щ˶Ǿ񰡣ȴҲܻɽµĶ֡
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôɽ»ɱ¾ԲǱɽȫɱǵĴʵ̫һЩ
˵Ļǳɽȥɼˣɽµٶ£ǲҲͬɱܶ
ɽ£ס֣
Īɽ̲סŭһǺϹԶһͬɽ³ȥ
ڵɽƺûд棬ӿһЩɱ¾ٶȣܿ˺ٴչɱ¾ʮʱ䣬ĸ˳ΪʬһѪ⡣
ŭˣŭˣ
ÿһ˶ǾԾ񰡣
ôֱԳܣ
Сһ
״ҲǲۣԵѩȥ
𡭡
ѩ룬ԥס
Ȼһ׹⣬Ǽ˸εɽ³ȥ
ԼҲѩƣ֮ǰһֱɽµϹԶϣܹɽ²òͣ
ɽ£ĸ
ҧ
𣿿бɱ𣿡
ɽЦѣӡ
ʱѾٶ˳ΪʬУޱŵ档
㡭
Ҫ˵ʲôɽȴȻʧֻһĻһŹǣ
ô£
ɽȻʧŪסˣһܣʧ֮⣬һ
ɽ£Ȼˣ
Ǿ㵲ѡ
ʵѾ˳ɽȵڣĴǵʤʾԲһɣϾղɽµıʵ̫ǿһЩ
ΪʲôҪȻأ
Īлʲôı
վԭأܣʮӣ˷ɢ̽ûзκβ֮ôԽ֣ɵȴǷ˲١
ȷûΣ֮˾һ𣬶ѩƴʱҲ»ﹷģԹԵſ컳С
ڵû˻ţѩƻɽĵǡ
ô죿Ǽʱ뿪
ʵ
أ˷Ѫռ䣬Ӧһ˵İɣû̻شȴǷʵ

һ£Цһ治ڽ̫֮ϳǱ˵Ҫȥ죬ǳ׹ռԻ֣
аɣ֪ˣ
ף΢˶ٺĿѪռķ۵ȻǶˣǾͲô뿪ߣǼ


1864 Ѫꡮա
ɽµĺȻ뿪˭Ҳû뵽ġ
Ͼ֮ǰɽռϷ磬ֻһˣΪɵѩ
ΣȻѪռ䣬ǾͲôΧûֱ뿪˵ˣѩڣɽ¾뿪ʲôıҲǸе̫ĺ¡
ǡֵĳ֣ڳ˲һеģȴôܵ˼Ĺ裬¸ղΪɽµķɱ¾ɵֻţҲʱȫԺԲƣ
ǻǷֿߣ
ʵ
ˣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ѿױ¶ҪǷֿĻΣոɽ´˷뿪϶һЩıһߣȫҲһЩ
ã㣡
ԶʱͷҲ׷ױʾͬ⡣
ǰÿһ涼쳳ͣϹԶڶûж˵ʲô
ܿ죬ұ¾ۼһ£죬𣬶ľƣʸԼϹԶĪɽΪ£ǰȥһҲûйڲԼ٣·󲿶һ·ǰУȥޱȣһǰš
ЩԾ
˴ŰСʱңľƺɵĿڵ
Ȼû˵ǲɻӣֻΪһ·ίʵ̫һЩ
쫷ûг֮ǰǻÿʮӶٵһЩѪ֮ˣڰСʱȥȻһѪ֮˵ټû֣ⲻǲԾʲô
Ҳˣ
ף֪ǲɽµı֮ܶСһЩ侯ܿռ䣡ɽѪռƿߣֻҪʲôתĶԣʵҪٰ͵Ϯǣǡ
ˣ첻˶٣ʱЩǼˣȴǷ׷ɫ˲䡣
һȥ·ɽʱһ
ò˵ɽǿʵȷ˼ѹȣǰѡ͵Ϯڳ֮˼ûһܹ֤԰ȫ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦڻѩ˳İɫëϸҲôţˣѩƣѩƿѪ֮˵Ŀǣɽʵǿ󣬵ⷽȴǲɱ⣡һ֣ѩƶȻǱ
⻰΢ɵöһۣ΢΢ЩЦ
ƺҲȷ̫ľԱһЩ
󲿶ӼǰУ˲ʮӺؽѪռΧǰһֱڵĹؿȴԾûмһѪ֮ˣԭŶӵȴؿ˳ȴѾǳײҲüͷȷʵ̫ˡ
ѩơ
ôͣ£ѩƵԴ
ء
ѩ룬ԹԵһ󣬱˲仯һ׹⳯ǰȥٶ֮죬³죬ϹԶԼĪɽ⣬¾Ƕȫܿ١
һѩƻˣ֪ϢȻǷԲǧ֮ڶûһѪ֮ˣһЩԺ䶼ȫǿյģΪԻˣЩѪ֮˵ڸʲô
ѩƵķָߴңüҷɢȥһ°ɣܲҵһЩ˿öһ飬ֹʲôı壡
ܿ죬Ĵ󲿶ӷɢʮΪһ鳯ɢѰңǺλһԺ䡣
һɣѾ׿ˣ
º
׿ˣСӣʲô˼
ϹԶüëһò˵ǣɽ˰Ѫռ˰ɣ
ϹԶĻҲǷ׷ɻѡ
Ѫռ䣬ѪµĴӪڣôܻô׷
κһ֮ңͺѪռ֮Ѫһ˵ĵֱͷΪ˱һѪزŻѵѡ
ڵѪ˵ȴûһɣ
Ҳ˵
ַУȷһЩǶ벻Ŀԣ
Ȼֻֿʲôأ
һʱ䣬˾ǳĬ
׼ĲˮľĬȴḧѩƵëüͷ壬һ˼ģ
ܿ죬˽˵Ƕȫһ飬ȷûһѪ֮˵ټмԺ䷿лһЩûȥĲˮ߷ˣ֮Щ˵뿪Ӧǲִٵģûǰ֪ͨġ

Ĭһ£طԸȥԸղŷ룬һ·϶ȫѲϸ
ǣ
еĵλ˺ܿȥ
⹫Ҳ߰ɣ
֮ЦҴǹǵһҲסˣãͷӺĪүүȥ쫷Ĺ
Ҳ飬Ǿֱ뿪ȥ
һֱסԺ䲢ԶҲͶʮӵ·̶ѣһ·ȻûһΣգ˳ĽԺ䡣
Ҳڣ
üѪѪԪȻЩġ
ϾѰѪ֮ͬҲǼΪĵġ
˭ڣ
ʵȴЦ΢ᣬǻȻ򣬱Ͼߵ֮ǰҲģȻҲѪѪԪ˵Ĵڡ
ڵĵǣȲ뿪Ȼ취¶ţʱ
Ӧǣ
ļҪʲô¶Լǣܶڲ˽֮ǰǧҪ½ۣ
֪ˣ
ͷ³һ󣬵ĵ´һĨЦݡ
סĵطɣ治أȻһ㣡
ЦЦΧ˵
ǰȻλԣҲǿв
Ц漴ǽߵ򵥵ϹԶĪɽһ飬ϾȻ˻ѪӥǱߵ֪һĽǶЩ飬ȴҪѪӥ˺úܶ࣡
䣬챾ʵǿڸĿҲѪӥ˸һЩ
ི꣬ᵽѪƶֵʱĪɽĿڴϵ˵ûпȥѪƶ

ô˻죬˶Ƕʱһ
ɷϣֿԼ󣡶컹˼⣬ǲпȥѪǱߣ
ѪΪͨƹͨǸͨٵ飬ɽӦǲ֪ģ
ѪƶǱߵĿڴ˿쿴ȴҪСһЩ
ˣѾ޿ռĿռ֮ףѪ֮ȥǿռ֮ǲûκηӦģ
ȻҲ޷ϻܣ
ȻʱԹſ컳еѩƣȴǺ̧ͷſȥ˵Ŀⶼ֮ǱתƣȴǺȻһӰ֡
ʲôˣ
ɫ˲䣬æȵ
ͬʱλҲ׷ɫȻϹԶȭͷ׼֡
ͷӣ֣
״æһߣ¶ʦ㣬ôˣ


1865 ˼ռ䣡
ûȻֵӰıʦ㣬Ǹ̵ͽ¡
һ¶ʦ㡯λϹԶĪɽˣʵѾ֪ѪӥиŮΪµ飬ǴûĻղҲôǿĵ⡣
½Ըһڳλݣʹ¼æǷ
ҲЦŵͷ˿ղŵ־⡣
¶ʦ㣬㻹ûشҵĻأôˣô£ôȻȫˣٴʵ
ʵô£Ҳ
ҡҡͷü΢Ľղŷ齲˳
֪ΪΣȻѪ֮˵õϢҪѪƶмϣǸϢǺȻгֵġ
Ҫʲô˭Ҳ֪
ȴû˸ΥϾܹ֪ͨǵҲֻһˣǾѪ֮ɽ¡
ô˵Ѫƶˣ
ۣʵûȥѪӥأ
ûȥ
ֵǸоЩԾ˸طղŸокܶˣҾȳá
ŵŵš
¸˵ȴǺüͷһ壬͵վ
һٶһλҲ㶣㲻ôˡ
ҵһɽкüѪ֮ˣҵһ˽漴ǸɽڵλԼΧһ顣
ɽ
һ䣬ǺЦǽɽڵ˶ɣӦѪӥǣ
٣ǰ
¼æ˵
˺ˣüµģ
ЦЦҲǼæԸȥŹʮӣʮӰ
ѪӥѪۺѪǣ׼ȷ˵Ӧ쫷Ǳ˶ˣȻҪ֮ǰڰ·ϴбɱˡ
٣
ѪӥǼʱһĿⴥĪɽʱ򣬰Էϵ˵ѪӥͨһڵϣֵĵµȲμ󽫴ˣ
Ǽˮղϻ䡣
ʱ䰡
ѪռǱ˼ʱ䣬ÿԵĶѪ֮ˣڵΣ
ãã㶼
ĪɽȥһѪӥǷ𣬵Ƕ쫷ĹЩˣ
λҽˣǿ
µȼҽˣ
ٴιϹԶҲһ֮ʱ̬ȣԵüΪ㣬ѪӥǸܵͬ˰ů
ţֽһλѪӥԵʮֹȴƽ˲١
˺ˣ°ɣ
ڰ֣ѪѪԪ̹ԹԵĽݽӰôҷ׷Ƕһվ࣬𻤷ƵģԵøΪ
ҿʼ죬˵һһ𣬴Ѫӥǿ˽⵽飬ֻѪռ˺Ȼ뿪ѪӥԾûʲô׼ȷĻشȫ㲻
ʵҲȥѪƶǱ߿ɵȥ˾ͻزˣԡ
ѪӥЦ˵û˵εҡҡͷ
ѵ֮ǰûһԤף׷ʵ
ţɽºͰ´ôѪ֮뿪ֻһʱ
Ҳ
ѪӥЦҡͷԴӷϵ֮Ȼõ˰µΣ̽Ϣȴ˲٣ʹһʱ䶼޷š
ʵӦ׼ˣ
ԱߣѪۺȻԵʵ֮ǰ½˶ۼһ˵ʲôİţʱҲδ̫⣬̽ϢҲκοȡ֮ǰѾɽµķԸжֻǳ⣬Ӧû֪ҲѹǶⷽϢ
֪𣿡˺׷ʵ

Ѫ۵˷׷ҡͷǲ¶ʧ֮ɫ
ڣɽºͰ´뿪ζǴ˷Ѫռ䣬Ͽ˵ʧܸա
Ǹô죿ʵ
˽ѪռѸɾûʲô£
˼Ƭ̣˵ҵȥѪƶǻûüȫתߵĻܹЩ֮ջ񣡡
ã
˷׷׵ͷ
ϹԶһ£Īɽ黺ԵѪӥǼһֱ࣡ߵȺ򣬵ȡ
ĪɽĻո˵ʱȴǶȻɫ䣬͵վ
ôء
˷ٴôһû˵ʲôϹԶͣסͷĪɽҲͬʱɫ䣬վ
ôˣ
ˣɿڡ
ˣҿߣ
һʱ䣬ȻԺϿոֶȴԴӽѪռԺ󣬱㲻֪ȥ˺δȼλ̫ϳϡ
ǵɫʮֽļơ
ߣ
Ҳ֮ڣкŴһͬ첽ȥһ·ϽȣɢҲ׷׸һͬ첽ʱ·ٷԶ
ͨ𣬶ľƣʸԼϹԶĪɽˣҲֱٻ쫷˼ٷС
ֻôһŪȴŪôҸΪ⣬㲻׷ʲô
ŴŴš
Ȼ䣬ܿռȻĿռ֮޹ɵķңһռĦ֮
ô£
ұֿռŪĿ࣬оռңʣеٶٴ˲١
죬Ҽӿٶ뿪
ȻŲ󣬵ȴصÿһ˶ߣԼԴѪӥЩˣϾڴ˷˲˵ǵʵȷҪһЩ
Ѫӥǵﱻϣû˰Ļ¾ֿܴռаȫ
οǶǾԵĹ
ŴŴš
ء
䡭
ţĩսһ㣬˵ļٷУܿռһռѷ첻Χ֣һѪռŭľԽΣա
üΪٶȽǱЩռѷУǸеһҺ屻ʳѪ飬Ѫͬˮһ䣬˼˸Ϊ֣̿鲻ԽٴμӿһЩٶȡ
ţӵʱ䣬ܿռĲͣһޱȺ˵ķмױȵĿֲգۼʮüǷ֮У˲㱻˺Ƭԭ͸ķǳѪɫķת䡣
ӣͣһ
ˣȴԾɲϵ˱ռѷЩнƸͲǷֵܹ˵ģ
ͷӣĪүүչ˺Ѫӥǣ
״ɵۣǽѪӥʮ˽ϹԶĪɽչ˺ȼλ̫ϳϣʵǿгſԵȴǳ˺ȥϵؽЩٶȽ֮У֮ǼǰУΪľǾȳÿһˣ
ֻϧˣҲ㡣
ܿռԽԽǿȻʵǿ󣬵˵ȴ̫һЩһ·ΣбӣûִѪռĳڣѾ˲ֿռУ˵ɫڴ˿̱Ȼ˲١
ȻҲɽµѪ֮˸ޱȵĺɱ


1866 Ů
˵Ĵ󲿶Ϊοռϱӣв֪Ҫɥڴ˵ʱǲϱ֮ϣȴһǳǳɫȹԳƤõŮü΢һˣ˱˺ƬĲΣŮӵϸ¶̡
ֵ
ŮӽĶ˶ţҪǵҰ磬ôӣߺߣҪǸλܻĻҲѵĺӸȫ
û֪Ůӵʲôݣʱô֮ϣȴҲûһܹ·һƬޣƼ˴߾ͬȫ˿
棬Ʋʳ˼̻Ůٷ
ѽСѽ
ôôѷţһأ
ѪЩģҪǵƹһǻܴеڣЩһأ
Сĸ綼۸ߺߣҪǵ˼ҳ֣Сһƨ
ҺøأȫˣҲµģ
һֱУŮʱƤʱȴɱӿ·ּ˶໥ƣȴһֳʣȫǷˣһһЦһһŭԵôˡ
·ǿռԽԽأԿмڶȻ֣ĺڹӶźڹַΧڵһУ˶ˣѪռǵвԽԽǿ

ֲҺ֮ϣ˶мûͣ
һһѪ׷ɣֲҵĻУûʲôֿ֮μֱҲ̶á

֮ϣŮһУӵĲˡ
Сź촽
ϧĳԭȴǸ޷ȣֻؿһʻʧ
ˣ·ȺûеǸ磬Ů⣬˵Ȼ̫ȴҲûְԣйص˶񲨶
İ
Ůľ
·ĿռЩռѷ죬иճֲõļڶƺȻĳʶƵģƵĳǼ֮˿£죬³ſĻ򣬶ܹо޴Σ
ϾǿߣȻصıУȴҲʮСϾ֮ɲǳܹ׿˵ģ
ã
Ȼ䣬ĳԭϼʵϲ֮˵ȴ⧲֮£Ȼ俪ķƿǣһɲǼǽԵļȫ
״ɫ˲ɲǣԥĽԼķΧٴγŴ󣬽ЩռУ֮ЩȫȻ»ָ˰ȫ
˵ܶ࣬ʵһжȫڵʯ֮䣬ڲԶԵλ̫ϳ϶ûü㽫һΣѳΡ
֧ĺܴлʮüˣԪĽ֮֮ǰ˺üû취ѪռĻһ޷֧ţôԶ׼ˡ
̫ϳϣǷˣȻ޷κΰ
ңȷ˼˰ȫȴĻгȥԼԾ֮⣬СĵٴνһЩʵԵ͵ӵЩϧһжҪЩ˵ƣ
ʱȻڶ࣬ҶԳһֻﻥꡣ
ΪĹУʹô󲿷ܸж׷Ч£¾΢һ㣬ȴҲ˵ñΣյع鰲ȫ
˵һѪռ䣬Ȼȷò˲ȴҲӽҵһܹ˵һջɡ
Ȼ˵ЩΪʱ磬ǻûдѪռ뿪Ҳпʱأκһǣ˵ӼΣյľأ
Ȼڴҽӵʱ򣬺ȻԭͲѵĿռ䣬ɢ˲٣ֻϧڼٱУûж˷֡
ȴǷִֹһ
֮ͨ̽ûʲô̫仯ǿռѷ໥ӳԼͷϿռڶĹԶһЩȴ·һϣѪռ䳹׸ԶЩռѷ޷Щ໥ںϡ
򵥵˵ֻҪܿЩͿˣܹа취ȶǴ˷ΣҲԳɹ⣡
ô£
ü㲻
ܿͲȥˣΪ𾪵ķ֣ԼкȻӳһɫâЩռѷһ˲ȫƽ
ռ֮ʧһѷº£һжڼָƽͷ·ղһУȫȻֻλƵġ
⡭
첻⣬Ҳ׷׾֣Ū׵ô¡
֮ǰӵٶΪ׷ͣ
Ȼʱ˿̣ȴһŮȻ𣬡ǻߣ
ŮֵļΪͻأȻ󣬵ȴÿһ˶úǸĵһ
ʲôˣ
벻˶ԵüΪ㵣ǼλȴǶʱ㣡
ȻŮȴǼߣ
˭
Ϊʲôôȣ
룬һŮĴߴ¿뿪ʱѪռѾ֮ղƽ࣬л˲Сʱʱ䣬ǳɹĵִڣһ˵İȫ뿪
棬ܵĻȴôҺĸо˷ܵӵһ𣬻裬ЩŮĸ˶ޱȼˮ
Ѫ࣬ȻѪռʱ䲻㳤ɾȴ֮쫷֮˶֮࣬ľˣ
ɹĴѪռ뿪ҲζǱߵӳ׽ͬѪۣˮջ䣬νҼ
ͬĻѪӥˣǳɹѪ꣬һǱѾ׻ָ˴ǰԼѪȻҲٴλָĪơıΪһ£Ȼûб̬Ҫ쫷磬֮ĸȴҲӹɵģ
Σڴʱȫˡ
Ϊʲô˵ʱϾҲܵѪµƿأټɽºͰ´żѪµĸһͬ뿪Դ˵Ҳһ޴в
ˣǸŮӣ
кŴҿ뿪ͬʱȴ͵˫΢΢УΪǸŮӵϤָоͷ·Ѫ׽
ˣҲŮļ򵥼仰κεĻɣ
˼УԺظֳһڻԪ½ԣһƬСֺһС໥֯ҹɫڻԵüΪģȴһʵȴоʮϤӰ
ǵǸȻ֣Ҹ֪ˮˮҵŮӣ
ĪǣŮ
üͷ΢壬˼⡣
Ȼ䣬쿴֯Ƿٳ˵ȼλһתʱȥ


1867 ؼңı

ǰʵղǸŮǷ֮ǰ˵ѪɷеǸ
ǣ
Ҳûκͷ
ǿ֪ʲôˣ⹫лʸүүòʵ
ʱľƺͻʸҲ˹Ҫȴʻ˾һЦѵӡ

Ǳ˵ǸŮòˣѪɷаȫлûһӦ
λĸоǸŮʮֵأ䣬߰ͬ־֮ϵŮЩӸᣬʲôˣΪʲôѪռ䣬־ȴֲ¶ԭ򣬿ûһ֪
ðɣ֪ˣ
Цһ£Щʧİҡҡͷ
ˣ
ԭҪǸŮǲǵֵͮ꣬пܵĻ컹Ҫ֮䵽ʲôϵΪʲôѪϤ
󲿶ӴѪռ뿪һ·û˿ͣľֱص˶ľؽҲǻصԺ䣬ϹԶĪɽ飬Ҳû쫷ȥһͬ
ϹԶĪɽĵľǱʾһӭ
뵽֮ǰУϹԶĪɽ˵Űݷã˵˲ٹ쫷֮飬Ƕ֣䡮쫷֮һػҡ仰˾ȵ֪ô˵ˡ
¾ûһУ˴Ѫռе֣ټ֮ĹϵҲὫǵ˿
쫷ҽϹԶ
ȫô˵ûϹԶͲڵ죡
ʮǴξ޴ΣУѾɣ˵ȻһѰ׹ˡ
ôܻԺа٣Լڵ̫ϳϣ

תۼ䣬ѪռѾȥ˼Ĺ򣬴˴սѾϣ²һ壬²ͬһ໥ֹ֮ϵȴ׽˲٣лв໥ΪֵܣӦһЩ۶Ůǳɹһ
˴սҲǿ˵һκж
ҲδڶľôϾлôҵ˶仳еĳơ
ԣҸǺһ˾ֱصУڽѪռеһȫȻδκô۾Ź⣬伸СһǺ޲ȥЩĦȭƵ쿴ĿЦá
ˣ磡
ƺĵղ˵иһֱûŮӾǣ
ǰֹһΣһǾ˼⹫ǣͷ
˭ƶ˶٣ʵ
Ҹðɣ
Ҳ˹ж˼ְԹ
˵һϵķˡ
ŵѣãԼĳƶ˵ǵߣ
Ҫ˵ǰûʲôԹǲܵģϾǼŮϵǳãԺദȻӦСȴû˿Ե˼ԳʱദҲʮǢĳЩصʱǼŮһֵĻҲܳôңͬ׮ƵĹơ
飬ҿûǸ뷨ǾѾˣ
ҡҡͷ漴ȴоһ˫ԹĿԼϣڲһЦ
Ϊܹ֪˫Ŀ˲Ǳˣˮˮ
ˮʱصĺܺã֮⣬Ů޸о
ȿȡ
˼漴ֵ˵ˣû뷨ң֪ΪʲôʼվǸŮϤͬһѪ˰Ϥ
ͬһѪĪҵˣѵ֮ڣ㲻֪𣿡ü΢ʵ
Ͳ֪ˣ
ʼ磬ӦòôܣΪǸŮȻᣬʵȴΪףƱƿصĿռ䣡ʵҲԶԶܼģ
۷壬ѵزɣ龪
֪˵ֹ
ԳЦЦߣ˭˵ؾһߵʵ磿

⻰ŮʱĬȴ΢΢һЦƺֿܹ
ˣȲ˵Щˣ
˦˦ͷֵȻȥϢһ£Ѫռ֮ȻûжȴҲЩ򣬵Ϣ֮ȥչؼգܲʲôͻƣ
˵꣬ڳŮͷֱǼСһһڣžֱĳԺеȥ
ܾãʲôû˵ӣңü
ɣ
ָŶӣЦЩŮ˵ģͱˣҲ˶ţ
˻һüŮʱȻһЦ
Ҳûжԣһͬ뿪ԺȥԱɢȥˣǼСһҲˣʼΧųƸںӵŮۣ֮ղԵø˲١

ĳѪɫصУѪ֮ɽϥڰУźϺϣЩʵʵѪɫϵı븹ڣͷ·һѪɫ겻ϱһɽ´˿ΧƵϢӹ죬ͷڴʱѪ죬Ź
£ȴһϡðѪݵѪأ·ȫѪɵһ㣬ڶѪɽȫ߸һԩ˻˴ȾһƵģҪˣ»̾ͱŵľʧɣ
𣡡
ʱˣǾŸ֮ˣһӰɱ
зֱˣ׳ӣŲʮÿһ˵ʵϡ
ȥɣ
°ڰ֣ʮ׳ӱֱѪСʱѪѪˮ·һ㣬ֻգۼ䣬ʮ˱㳹׳Уһ˿֮ûС

ɽĺ˼£˫ۣط׼ȷ˰ºӰɱȾǰ
ϣ
̹
ţ
ɽµͷʵ׼ôˣѪռǱѾָֻϧʱĿռ侹Ȼûиɶ˺˷˱һѪ
Ǻǡ
ɽǱԹɱĻȴЦЦģһж˳ֻҪǵܹɹټϱԳ֣ò˶򶼽Ϊǵˣ
£ҷģ
ɽµŻ£˶ٺֵˣӰɱȥǸŮ޶𣿡
ɽ˵ǿеǸŮֻΪѪռƿߣɽԼ֪ǴǳɫȹŮôֵģΪҪ⹦ԵʣҲֻܷԸӰɱȥ顣
ֻϧӰɱʧˡ
ɽʹ֮ӰɱԼµİ̹ڵأͷ
⼸鶼첻ãʲô
ɽһۣȻûʲôӰɱȾȴػƵģһ߿Ѫһߵɶ
Ϣŭ
¼״ԵҲǵĴϾǸŮ˵ȷ̫أʱôţǲ鲻Ҳ
˰µĳ棬ټɽ±û֣ӰɱǾǰȫˣǶ԰ºɽ¶мҲ֪㲻ǡƤӡأ


1868 ͻƺУ仯
ɣ
ɽ°˰֣ӰɱǾ̹뿪˿ͣ
ÿһһϾɽǡζŲΣգܹȥ
лҪ˵
µѪ˸ǻ۹âұΪһ壬˰ɣ
㰡
ɽЦһ䣬֮üͷĵ֪ΪΣȻһ˳ȴʼЩǻ
ΪǸصǳɫȹ֮Ů½ӿڵ

ɽٴεͷһɴŮǱѰһ޴Ļ֮
ˣǱҪ콫ҳ
ɽµĻºɣϾ˵ǱΪһ塣
ԼԼģ
һԳȥһˣǱߵ飬Ҳ£ҪȫɣʱѪռΪ㣬ܿͻΪҵˣɽ˵
𾡹ܷģ
µͷɫڣһκ⣡ֻǱγȥضСģڲѪռ䣡
ɱˣ֪Ķ
ɽЦȴҲδ˵ֻ΢΢ü
ˣһ㣡
Ц֮ɽֵѪռǱ߱ѾָʱӦòȥΪǼƻĻ㣬ҲԲٳʲô⣬˻ȥţڸʲôˣӦװɣ
˺棬ɽµЩ졣
ףЩ˽ǼƻļƷȻµͷӦ
Уͽˣ
ɽףָѪصпգҲȥ
ã
ҲŤֱӵͷӦ¡
漴ɽ±Ǿֱ˲뿪Լǳȥһºֻصߣ峹׽ѪУͬһʱ䣬ԭƽһЩѪٴη־ŰҲѾǽ뵽״̬

תۼ䣬صңչ״̬Ѿչȥ
Уûʲô鷢쫷ɢ󣬾ͬûйѪ֮˵һ㷢֣˵ΪѪ֮ɽˡ
İʱ֣̫ո׹ʱǹرҴű˿Ҳ֣֮ԵþȣһΣ³Ϣ
ְ֡
Աߴ˳һ컳УСֻסĲӣǴ󷽵ʹ˼ס
СѾͷôְֳ֪ˣЦǺǵʵ
֪
һתЦ
ûĻش켫ΪҲû׷ʲô㳯ǼŮڵĵطȥ
أŮȻҲǼΪġ
ͻˣʵ
ŻеĶԽԽɢĸԹҲԽԡ
ţأ
Цŵͷ˺ҲԵĿġ
ְˣ
ĵһ£˿Ҳ˹ֱۣȫЦݡ
صͻƣʵһЩȴ֪֮Ҫսʤɽ£ʵǿ϶ģ
ֻǣڵܸ̫ʱȥͻƣ
죬ͽľսˡ
Σսʼ֮ǰѾҪúõˣ㽫ĸӱŽӹϾ˵Ǳ߲ûʲô̫ã
ң֮ҲǸĸǶϣģ
뵽콫뷨ͼŮһº󣬱˲ȥľԼ˰źԼѩɽׯһ˺󣬱Ǵһͬصء
Сһһһүү̵Ľţøĸеޱȿģ޶Ůǽеİ綼ϣֱͽǳССƵģκҪ¾ҪϵȻκγɵֱӴӦ
ĸĹټǼŮԼǵΧƣޱȻ֡
ÿ죬һ𣬷·һеķţвѡ
صʵҲ𺳲ѣȻȴοԺ˷򸴺
֮⣬Ҷһ𿪿ĵĹÿһ죬Цò֮ܵ˸Ⱦս֮ǰȷҪӺ㲻١
Ⱥü˳ÿҪ֮⣬ڿʱǴյһַĵĻ֡
Ҳ֪ò˶ֻ־ͻ᲻٣ʱ٣
ȻеӲûгã
ȥ糿ʱ֣緹ǼŮһʰʱҴҵ˹ɫʮȻŲٵǡ
˿ŸĸȲ裬ȼСһﻶֵˣȻٲΪͽܵСԼΪϹĳķˡ
ʲôôż磬ˣס
͸ĸ˵һӭȥЦ
ҳס̫ˣ
ߵһԣɫѿĵܣڶüط˼ΪѪ¿϶йأ
ô£üʵ
Ա߿ڣ쿪ʼֵĹ򵥵һ飬üͷΪ塣
ȷܹ죡
ڶ߸ͬطһҹ֮䱻Ѫ֣ѪΧڵһﾡԻ׹ǣѪⱻѪ֮УʹѪΧԽԽҲԽԽ˺ȫ
߸
΢΢üʵ˵ܹ߸ط
ǵģôˣ
ͷɵܣôˣ
ô߸Ӧǰ˸𣿡ü
˸˵ܰ⡭
ЩЦá
죬¶ҪΪڿϧء
ܣô£
ĳ˼ʵ֪
ǰɣ
ףڵĵֻ߸ǰ˸
˶ٺ֮Ѫڤ˻Ƕ˵һ飬ɫ䣬˲٣˵ȴ͵һԼͷ֪ɽΪʲôҪ뿪Ѫռˣ
Ѫռڷ飬Ҳ˽ˣɻǣɽû·磬˵ռŲٵƣ¾ѩڣҲȫûҪǸʱȻ뿪Ѫռڵˡ
ڣķͨеһ֡
пܣɽ¾ΪѪڤ˻ǶĳɹֻΪ󷨳ɹֺ뿪Ѫռأ
У϶ʲôܣ
Ҳɽܣ
˻ľζŰ˸λ
˵ǻ϶һλ᲻߸Ѫĵطֻɽ¹ͷųǵע

⻰۾΢΢𣬵пܣΣҲҪȥ鿴һ£磬֪𣿡
Ѿ֪ˣ
ص˼ȥ鿴Ҫһˣ


1869 ټֻ飡
ȥ
Ļȴ΢΢Щɫü
˵ֻΪݵλ֮ǰȫͬλУеҪ
㲻˶ʲôΣգǿɸô죿
ӣĶ룿
æܣģҾԻСĵģҾȥǸطаɣܽʲôΣգҲ϶ܹصģ
˵˲㣡
ĵǲͬģϣֱֲӾܾǳԣȥüӦɣӦˣҿ϶ҲӦ
˵䣬֮ʼ硣ӣŪֱ
˷̬ʱЦãĵ˵磬òǼѾ飬Ȼ㱳ڹɣ
ûУûУ𣿡
ƺ£ڨڨЦţӼֱǴ˵
㰡
Цãûĵˣֱȥ鿴ˣҪСģҪЩѪķΧ⣬ڶǱߵˣʱʮֵľ裬˯Ҳɴ⣡
ܣ治ȥ
ͷʾף漴ǿɥʵ
˵أ
ֱӳһۣʧİһ̾ȫȻûѰʱΪ緶
˵Ľ̸ԱŵĵһЦҺôҶǾԵԼˣ໥Ҳȫӹ򣬹ʶЦ⣬ûʲô⡣
ҲֻԼǰֳܱ˵̬ǰ֡緶
˵һŴ뿪Ȼȥ֮̽ˣϾ¿̲ݻܹһ֪ôҲܹĽӦԡ
뿪ϵЦݺܿʧüͷߵǰûв
飬ôˣ
ֱ˺üŻع
ҪҪһȥߣûķһۣʵ
ҾͲȥˣȥɣ
ҡҡͷص
ôˣºأڵѪ𣿡ü΢ʵ
Ѫһ棡
ٴҡͷüֻ飡
̵˵ʱѾˣһȥ˺ü죬ֻһļûУ
̾ҵĵ̵󣬻ֻʵѾֻǲδǺһ㣬ǿɾ鷳ˣ
Ŷ
ĻŻȻĵ㲻˵һأһʱ䣬ֻӦúü֮ǰͳİɣ⾿ô£
˭֪أ
Цһ£漴ֵˣԼȥɣú룡
ðɣ
֪Լⷽ϶޷ﵽ죬ֻ΢ο䣬ͼŮһͬСһ뿪ˡ
һ˶ԼԺУüͷĽһֱûչ

ã춼벻ȻͼϵڣɾȻʼûеõκλӦֻһ̾ʾзŵ˼
ʲô
Ȼ䣬Ȼڶ쾪һ¡
ŷ֣˸֮⣬ĸ׶ľѾߡ

켱æһȻصʵҲǵĶӡ
һջΪ߸ϵĴڣĸ֮ĹϵԶܸıģڸĸ𾴣ҲԶܼٵģ
ʲôôôöûٴʵ
ԱߣľҲȫȻǺεĹģΪж

쳤³һ˵ֻϢ˵һ飬øĸڶһۺ󣬾ԵüΪΡ
ⷽ棬ǵȷ޷ﵽһ㡣

ľǵ֣ǲܰʲôΪȴֻ֪ģζصУȻҲǷѾɵӣ̫ƫִˣ
ƫִ
йâһ˼ŶľصֻĽʱ⿪١
Ȼľ˵Ҳ첻ȥֻҪպԼ̬ҪΪĳĳԼ̫𲻵ʲôãԼɼӰ죬˶а·
Ҳνġƫִɣ
Σľ򵥵Ļȷǻָ˲٣Ҳر˵Цݡ
֪ˣлл
ףЦģҲƫִˣֻ飬Ҳڱصõģ
Ǻǣ֪ͺã
ľЦЦΧʵˣأƶѾôôߣ
߶߶ԺҲǺõģ
ЦǸţľǣӲµģ
Ҫ£ΪôʰСӣ
ľЦ˼䣬漴ֺ˵һ뿪˵ҪȥǵĶϱǣ쿴ĿЦá

ΪƻеԵʣһֱԼ˯һݣ챣ֶ֤ţȻɱһ
ôˣҹʲôѵƶҲ̲סˣٺ١
ȻҹڳƸոѵ£ڴ²ãȴ˽ֱ£Ϊжı÷˲ٵĽ˶аЦ
޼ɵĸţϴ˿ӣֱһҹɻĴå
죬жŨŨˮ⣬Ϊ˺ӣһѽƿûˣ̲סأ

ųԲԵӣ첻ЦóƸǽ
ˣ
ҧҧͷؿϣֻ磬㻹ڵֻ𣿡
ǰ
ԣҲһ̾˵Ǽٵģ̵ӦòдǣΪʲôϢ
ǲһֱҺܺ棿
ӯӯЦЦȴǺȻɱӴǽ۰ļϻ䣬ͦŴĿƵ죬ȴżԥԼĸ֮ɫ˸
ţ
ҲһͬĽ§뻳УɵŮˣڶʲôϵˣ㶼ҺӵˣѵΪһ𣿡
֪˵Ĳ˼
Ȼȴ컳ѣĿֱ졣

ٴĿУƵһּı仯
˵ղŻͻݣھͷ·ɢһױȵĸ߹ʣһŮƵģ˲ֱӡ
ʣȻ˵˿̳ȴǷԹ¾ô죬оһبžԶĸ߹Ϣ˵֮ⱲӼ˵ʼҪ߹
ҪģȴԳƵʺϤǷĵϤ֮ǰѾʶһ
㱼䣬ԺоһģļƬһʱ֮侹Щʧ


1870 ֮ƮƮ𾪣
Щ仭ϤַĵϤ֮⣬ǵڻԪ½ҵʱ򣬼߼ƶ֮ʱȻԺļ仭һģһֻƺҪϴθһЩ
ɼ쿴ȴôģ
һЩ仭ʧŻع˲ۣǰ³ȫû·Եø߹˵ĳƣɫ
ƶŶӦôƺ㣿һ£ʵ
ʻеĹ죬ƺٴһ䣬գۼǻع鵽ˮӡ
һģһȴһ֮У
磬ƶԶǣ
컳Уͬǣǰ䣬ûУ
ǰ䣿
ԣɵ㶣ƶʲô˼ĪǸղš
ղŵָ߹ʣʵѼ֮еģ׼ȷ˵ʵһֱУֻǰԺ󣬲ܹƿأƵͷ˵
ǡ
죬ǲ֪˵ʲô
Ĭһſڵղ˵ǰ䣬ûСĪǰѾʶ
ţ
ףЦǰǾǷޣܶķޣ
˵䣬Ŷǰû䣬ȴע⵽ǺУǶԳֿɬ
֮Կϼ޸ңΪǰԭ򣿡
첻¶ۼüԼûз֣ھЩԼǰ˵Ĵס
ɵ硭
һЦҳϵȷڲͬˣ
ðɣ
ܹоƻеľϣͷҲǲԳһЦ
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˴ʵƶǰǲƹйأǸƹô£
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֮ܶԴһ֮󣬷ƹ־;ǵУŮԷƹϤ֮ǸϤ
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¶֮ɫ˶ٺƹȫŮɣȴһа֪ڵ˶ûжϿɣң
ˣ̾̾컳ѡһƣѹȵԼ̥ƣżʵ磬Ҳ㣡ǰƮƮǷ֮
ʲô
⻰Ȼһ
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ƮƮҲоޱȵϤӡڹϤ
ԣڳƵĻȻȣȴûһ˿Ļɡ
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ţ
صͷʵˣƶȻǰѾʶǰʲôˣΪʲôһͬʱֻأҽһĪעԵ
ǰһ˲أ
΢΢һЦȴֻ˵ôһ㲻ٶԡ
ƺ뵽ǰʲô龰һ˫зİɫ
ôˣƶ״Щۣæʵ
û£Ѿȥˣ
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˵ܶ㶼ҵŮˣ
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š
ף໥һӡ
һ̣û˼ֻúõ§ŻеĽ˶·ʱţȥ˲һСʱңųſڣƶ⣡һǡ
û˵꣬ȴϬĽӿڵһΪʲôҪ˵ҵǰݣһǹ磬˵Ŀɶԣ
ǣЦŵͷ
һʵܼ򵥣ΪҾõ˸֪ʱˣҷƹȻҵģģ˭Ҽ޸ĵĳأ
һЦ俴ǿЦӣЦǸˡ
ðɣӮˣأԷƹ˽⣡ֵ
ѽ
¶СƵĵƤЦݣأ
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Ȼǣûת
ҡҡͷ漴ɫһ࣬ɫ磬֪ΪʲôὫҵĸ𣿡
ô֪
ſڶû˵꣬ȴǻһͣӳǴȰ̬УкȻһԼֱŵͷ
ڣѵ죬ʲô˵
ԺǸͷô֮ȥ
뵽ˣ
΢΢һЦŵӣ򴽺󻺻Եһһ֮һŮͽڵ
Ů

ӡ֤ղŵǸͷȴ˲ͶŵôģȫԷһȭͷ
ôܣ
Ȼǰˣ
Բϳ
ţȴĬȻĵͷ̾磬𾪣ȷʵ㲻ѶֻأȥǵŮ˯ֱԺѣ
Ҳʩչ衷ʱֵǸģɣǸʵıӣ
Ƽ衷ҲǰҽģֻҲ֪ϵ׷ʲôȻСӣҺԶ󣡡
ܳԾֺγһأ
ƿЦһ£Ůһְ֣Ī㲻Ů𣿡
Ȼǣ
Ƶʻ뵽ദĹ첻˼ѿڶ
ˣ΢Ц
ܲ𣿡
Ц˵ʵڼСѾͷĵһۣҾ;ҵСǸʱһһְֵĽţҵĶˣֻҡû뵽Ŀ˵ҵŮֻǰ
ְ֣衭
ոµʱȻڷг֣ûκεĿռ䲨ֱϣͳм䣬СȫҸ
쾪㵲ѣڵʵоֵԤףоСѾͷԼҲ֮չֳΪõҸЦݡ


1871 ƹ⣬һҹ
Ҳû뵽ȻĻŮ
һǰʼԼǣ
δָǰ䣬ȴҲòеĵλ
һڴϣԹԵͳм䣬һŰְ֣һ裬СЦۿˣޱȵܰ
СѾͷô˻Թ˯
һ۴£ǣЦ
ǰְһ𣡡
˾죬첻ͬ⣬͵˯˼
ãְ㣡
ĵͷΪñӣЦԹ˯ɣ
衭
ŤͷƣóЦŵͷСѾͷŷֱͳƵһڣ۵ı˫ۣëᶶǲһ˯˹ȥ
ͳƣԼ˯
֮ǰϢȷ̫һЩ
ƲǰǷƹ֮ƮƮҲᣬǿɰСģ˭ʵСѾͷ֮ǰڵ
ô㻹𣿡ƺǺ´˯ʵ
ǲţţ
Цһ£һ߽ѵСȥһԵ飬˵ˣ¼û˻᲻𾪵İɣҵǺҵŮΪڻԪ½һۼһҰְ֣Ҿ֪ҺСѾͷ֮нⲻԵ֣
ֻǸʱҴûȻǸŮҲע˵ģ
ˣ첻ɵĶͷСѾͷ˯аӣ֮¶һĨȸЦݡ
СѾͷĺܿɰǰСʱϲ˯ڻǡ
Ҳ΢΢һЦȫϲ
һʱ䣬˯еɵö
һͳƶһЦԷ˫жԿεİ
ҹƵĺгܹӸоһůΡ
ˣ磬֪ƹʲô𣿡ʵ
⣿
ԣҡͷ
ʵǰƹһϴλȥ֮ȴȻַƹһЩı仯
΢Ц˵ͬʱҲЩӡ
ƺֵķƹ仯֮û뵽ġ
ô£׷ʵ
Ҳ֪ô˵ŵ
˵䣬һ֣һ׹зɳѸٵĻһĻֳΣȻɽһУһһľԿ
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쾪סˣš
ֹˣҼ
ҡҡͷյ˵㣬ĻĻٷŴ󣬼ֻڼǱصΣؿÿһˣЩӵжԿһ
⡭
첻֪˵ʲôˣȫ𾪡
ء
ӯӯһЦٴλ֣ĻȻһΪ壬ֱɫĶɫɫϲԼɫıĸλмвȴǳֳһƬĻɫͬǻеĻ֮ɫһ
ͬɫĻǽڵĴµչֵ쾡£кЩȥĵطܹһ۱ϳֱһСĵͼ
ȻҲֻǵͼô򵥡
ΪͨĻԼĿ治˻ļ󣬻֮áݻࡣ
ܼӵķΧ󣬿ĻȴǽУ򵥵˵ڼһ
ƶ⡭⵽ô£ֻԼЩɬ
׼˵֮ˣ
ƻ˵ģͨƹġǬ޼طչֳһУҲϴͨѪռѪȥǱط㡭һλǰµģΪľҷƹ򣡡
򣿡
ĸ֣ʱȻɣĪ˵λǰ֮ⲻڸЦʲôʱˣ
ȻǣҲˣ֮Ҳ㲻ʲô
ҡҡͷ漴ȴǿЦѡ

ô˻첻֪νӿڡ֮㲻ʲôƿеλǰǺĪϹʱڵĳλܣ
Ȼˣôܿϡ֮ĸأ
ˣ
Ȼ뵽ʲôؿڵƹȻԼǲǿͨⷽʱע⵽ɽʲôã߸ط˹Ѫ󣬲硭
磬ַʽʵԪģҪ㿴ɣȺúϢƿЦ˵
ã
ͷҲûٶ˵ʲôܿһͬ˫ֵۣ˯˹ȥ
ܼ
ַʽĿԣôɽµѪ֮ǰΣ죬ң˵һʮ顣
Ȼ˯Уͳȴûע⵽мСɵξǻƮ˵棬ŵĻɫâȫżΪϢ
üĴһŻɫӷ·ǶƵĲתÿһεת΢仯ͬʱ󣬸Ǹֳһɫ̣˿̿ĻȻᷢڻԪ½ȡ̡
ܾˣһֱû֣ú֪ܶ˶û̫⡣
ֻڣǿŻתĻɫӣԼǽҫһ֣һ˿һҲۻı仯ֻϧһвû˿ΪʼٸߵԾ˯֮УȻ޲
˺ܾãı仯ȴͳƵڶתſģǼֱԼ۾
ô
òǳʲô˰ɣ
ڶϣѹм֮ʣȴ̲סľ
ڳƵľУҲ֮Ȼһȴ¶Ƽȫһģһľݡ
ԭܼ򵥣ֻһ
Ǿǣˣ
ʱѾһȥжʮ꣬ԭѾȫȻڣȡ֮һ߲ʻѣȻֹâڷ⣬˯ȴչֳһŮ̬֮֮ǼŮй֮
ƶ⡭ǵŮ
˲ۣŵĵ
Ȼƿˣˮվ黬䡣
ĳҭһʵ磬ǵŮǰڷƹУ׷ת֮ǰǴ
̡
ʱȻˡ
ֲ˲˫ۣתԴ˯֮ʱʣְ֣裬ôˣ裬ôѽҡ
˵׼𴲣ȴȻͷע⵽ԼӣԼǼ߲ʻѣʱŵ̧ҡҡ


1872 ڰ˷λ
ۡҳ󿩣ڳ󿩣
һ˲䣬ȴ˷ܵĴӴȥͳڷпĵıȥ
ˡ
ͳҲЩпȻȴǾȡ
벻ףôȻģһһӱ
Ů˺ˣ
Ʋһ۽ǵˮò׽˷е
ߣĿɷϣôҲţȻһҹ֮䳤ô
Ů裬ʲôоС֣ʵ
ûĸоѽ
ϸһԼͷص
ô˵ԺͲٱСˣЩĵʵ
ţӦӵģ
ͷ漴һЦǰ˻ΣЦְ֣ܾȰɣ
عЦǰôҲû뵽ҾȻһҹ֮ôŮˣҵСѾͷ
Ȼ
Դϣְ֣ɲܲҪ˺þúþò¼ְֵģ
ɵӡ
ǾĻͳƲһЦȫǳ硣
ΪʲôȻУ·ôҲ찡ɻ
һҲ֪ôأ
ҡԴڵڶְ֣͸ҵŶ
˵䣬Ѿͷվ˫ſԭתһȦ߲ʹâƶжˡ
κһŮˣڣ޷ȵϣȫƵǡ֣
£
ھ޵ͬʱȴԼͷ
˵ʵڵģûǰ֮ǰֻ죬벻
ˣˣ
Цҡҡͷʲôʱ䲻ˣȳȥǳԷɣŶˣҪô˽ܲ˵ҵĹŮ֮ǰһֱڵİɣ
ͣ˵һҹ֮仯ɾˣ
ư˰֣ԽԽ鷳Ѱ˵˵ǣ
ţ˵ĶŶ
˳ƵĻԵüΪȴٵĵԴʾͬ⡣
ðɣô죡
ʼ磬ٶԡ
Ͼͬ˵ǽʵ޷ҵһʵɡ
Ȼˣֺαضͣ
Ѳɣ첻˵˸Ҷʣ
صʵ˭˸Ҷһ䣿

Уһһ緹Ȼ죬ƺ֮⣬˿ڳ緹ʵϴ󲿷עϣֱŹֵ˼㡣
˵ǹ˰
Цã
ǲңܲܲƶɣ켫Ϊ
ȻҲܹ⣬һܹһҹ֮䳤
Ҳ֮򵥽ͼ䣬Ȼô΢ջһЩĿ⣬ʵǸеɻȴ˿١
ò׳һ緹һֵ磬ǵܵóȥɣ
õģְ֣
ɵĵͷźһСԼһͬȥʱ㴫һֶСһʣڻش
ԽԽԶСһҲԶˡ
߰ɣȥ棡
վȳԺȥ
ƣ飬ѣټϱŮˣȴܣʱһֱסˮܹŮǸһͬ˺Ժ¡
°ɣûҵκ˲ܿ
˰֣ǷԸ
ǣ
ר̵˷׷׹ȥķԸȻκ顣
ߣ˵ˣκһԲʲô
ȻڳҲǺ𾴵ģһӹɣ
磬˵˵ɣô£
Ҷº󣬴ںԺΧһ磬ʳָô棬Եһҹ֮䳤ֱδţҿɲĻ
Ļ˳ƵŮҲ׷׵ͷһ˫˫ĿϣˮҲˡ
ѵǼٵ𣿡
˫һ̯ʼص
ǲĻȻȥˣˮ

ͼŮɫһ䣬ڵһۺæˮסˮ㣬ˣǿɲǸ˼Ƕһˣʲôģ
һˡ
֣ˮһ죬ע⵽ǼŮ΢ЦͷӣȴЩţ񶼱Щ˸ƺܱһ
ȴҲףʵڼŮǰɶܿԣ
뷨Ȼһֱû˵ںܾ֮ǰѾǺˣֻΪĳЩԭ򣬴Ҷû˵ˡ
ڱ˵һˡ֣ˮֱɬˣˮȥ£ֻ̣ǵͷʲô˵
찵Цһ¡
˵ˮûиоǲܵġУѾúܶԲŮˣˮһĻָԴ
һݰǺģ񱻷ֳķݡ
ȻԱ֤˵ŮһģǽķݱݣеǸ⣬½󣬵ʱԭŮ
⣬ҲһĽɣ
ƶ
ԥһ£ơ
ҧҧ촽Ҫ׼˵ʲôʱȴɫ˲䣬Ůһ԰񣬻ֽ򿪣֮첽롣
ǵӣһ㶣ȳŮͷʾ漴ȴǿٵĵܣڰ˸λҵˣֻǡ
˵䣬ɫѿ˼㣬ѡ
ô£켱æ׷ʵ
ڰ˸λͶﱾӦûж̣ǵǱ߷ְ׹ǳɽÿһ߰׹ǶֳѪɫǸطΪķԲ֮ڣȫ֮أݲһ
Ϊ߸طͬﲢûѪڣټ˼Եʣ֮ǰδ֣˵
أͷüʵ
С
һ٣ɫΪѿĵоǣӽǸطԲ֮ڵκﶼᱻһУ˲ѪʧΪ׹ɽһ֣Ǳߵˣ˺ü֮ǰϢ
Ҫһ㣬˵ܹоһֹǷ·񶼱ȡƵĳǱ߿£Ҳ˵ֻҪǸطڣ»ԴԴϵԼȥ
ͼŮıѿ˼㣬ȷ̫һЩ
ǱҲ֪˰ɣô˵ۣʵ
֪֪ˣûоİ취
Żصܣܾ¿Ҳûô򵥣лһЩı
ˣ磬֪ˣ
ףԵȥæɣһ취˵ڴ֮ǰȫӶ򳷻֣֮
ãǾͰˣ
ͷٶԵת뿪
Ϊҵʱˣȷæ


1873 Ǭ޼
뿪üͷʱ飬ѣԼˮǶյߣ˳һΪм֮⣬ȫվɫһģһء
磬ô죿ʵ
Ҳ֪
Цҡͷ
˵ĵȷʵΪȻȷ̫һЩ֮Ѫɷ˻Ƕ˽УҲ֪֣Ѿ֮ǰе
Կ϶һ㣬¾ûб濴ȥô򵥣п»жԸǣԸľ޴ı
Ҫȥ￴գգ۾ʵ
ȥĶղ˵ǵض
üëһ漴ɫȻҼסˣҪﶼ˰׹ɽˣȥҲǰװ
ǰûһʱɫͻô࣬һҶʲô
Ѽ״ҲûһʱͬСƵͷϵıտڲԡ
ʵҾ˵Ĳ
Ȼ䣬ȴĪĿԵ
ţ
ôԣǼ˵Ŀһȫڳϣü΢ĵƶ㣬˵ʲôأ
ţҲû˼
ЦЦӦҵĻû˵ԣҵ˼ǣҪʲôõİ취˽ܸûɣ
ȷû˽Ǳô𣿡
üղ˵ˣûܹǱ߻ȥһΧͻɰ׹ǣܲԹȥɣ
ܹȥû취˽Ⱑ
صЦЦ춪һЩζȻһԼͷȻ԰ôǸƶξҪˣ
ģ
һЦԥӦһ
ɴʱԱߵŮȴȫͳŪһͷˮ㲻˵˵Щʲô
߰ɣǽȥ
ڰ֣ȳȥŮҲǽֻڼŮУˮȴ죬֪ЩʲôԳɬ
ڣΪԷһٴΧһ磬ԺеľѾˣʵóҪˣֻ˵һûС
أɲ˵˵ô򵥡
һǾ֪ˣ
쳯ǲɻļŮ˵һԵƶʼɣҪ֪ǰ˸ط׼ȷ
ã
ƵͷɫҲ֮Ȼ١
Է֮Ǭ޼֣
̧֣ٵ˼ӡһ׹Ѹڴǰ֣ܿγһĻ汻ֳԵİ˸֣߸жѪƣһȴǰ׹ǳɽЩȥ׹ǵĵ棬˲Ȼĸоһĺ
ǡ
ɫ䣬첻ѣĿ⻹Ǻܿͳϡ
˸طѪɷ˻Ƕİ˸λ
ָĻмһϵ˵㣬Ǹղ˵Ǹط
˵䣬һӡĻеİ׹ɽѸСܿķΧҲǲ󣬼ת˲ǷԲǧ֮ڡ
ȻķΧСֻҪ뿴ģЩΧУϵһݣһֻ϶ܹ
⵽ʲô˵棡Ů첻ѡ
Ǭ޼
΢΢һЦҲûֱ˵˳
Ǭ޼
ŮЩǿɴû˵֡
ģһٸǽŶ
򴽺󣬼Ҫæǰһֱܹص˸λĶ̬
˵ɣҪʲô۾һæ
һˣʵܷӱʮ֮ġ
ĸԵḧŶӣԵҪһ󷨳ȡάתλá
˼˵ֻҪ㹻άֵôͿһֱôȥ
˳ƵĻʱʮ־ϲʵǰЦŵͷؿڵû⣬ͽ죡ƶֶܼã
ˣǵǡܲΪӰ쵽Ƶɣ
ڿɲһˣлǵĺأ
ģʱûģ
ĵģӯӯЦǬ޼ȻһطĲǻУȫһֱȥ
ãҾ죡
ͷŵһı֤

أרԺС
뼸Ů֮⣬⻹쾣ԣľ֣ʸ磬رƵȵȼλ̫ϳڴˣ֮⣬ȻϹԶĪɽλ쫷Ҷˡ
⻹һˣڣ
Ϊ۷Уʸϵ̫ϳϣȻҲȱϯ
ڴǰģΪֶ֧չֳĻ
֮ͬǰʩչһģһѪɷ˻Ƕа˻İ˸λľʵʱĴݸڳˣǿֱһ϶εľȡ
̫ˣ
Ծ̾ѣȻû˵ϵıȴ˵һУڵ˫ͨžԵľ졣
λǶЩ
컺Եû´Ļò˶ãɽµѪɷ˻ǶҪóɹˣʱ򶼻ҵĶ
˶٣ԽҪģ취ȥֹƶǬ޼ط㲻ܹһʱƿص˸λı仯
Ǭ޼ط
ոµʱȴǾԭľڴ˿̾ǱŨҵ𾪣Ťͷȥεľɫ
̣֪Ǭ޼طʵ

ڻع׵֪˵Ǭ޼ط£飬ֻ֪Ҫʵ㹻Կκһ˵ǰ
˵ʱ򣬱Ź𺧡

ͳƲ¶ۼĶһۣȴûֻ΢˶ٺ󣬱֮Լһ飬˸λҪȫƳΪѪɷ˻Ƕԣһʱ֮ͬʱǰ˸λƵȻɽпʱתƺͲ䣡֮ҪĻֻһʱʱ䣡
һʱû˵ɣ
üǾܹصһУҪƳκһطضѣɽ¾Բ벻һ㣬Ҳһ׼
ԵĻҲõ˵ĵͷǼŮҲһ
֪
Դҵɻף뵽һԵİ취һξҪǴһˣұҪһУܸɽκδϢĻᣡ
ʲô취۾һ޵ķʸ
ˣ
΢΢ЦЦ³ĸ


1874 ˣ֣
ˣ
һʱ䣬ĸֵĴңһ΢гŰЦ⡣
ô˵Ҳһɳڵġ
ֱֻҪһ仰򶼻֮
һֵλһױȵӰ
ϸ˵˵
ľ̫ϳϣҲ̫⹫ľֻ˵
ã
쵹ҲûŤ󣬵ͷָ֮ǰĻ뿴˸λڵľλá
ָ׷ȥһʮϸ
ĻҲٴ˸λȻڶ򣬵ǽķλأ
ϱϣϺ˵
ǰ˻ڣ
ףԣ˻ĵķλʵҲǸ̺ŷλ֮綫ǶľǶ뱱䣬ľˮƣ
ô˵Ѫɷ˻Ƕ񲻾൱һС磿ҾЩ졣

ٴεͷ˵ˣǴ֣ⷽ綫֮Ϊ֮нľԵʣ׻֮ȥƣһƳĻɻܶ࣡
֮Уľľˮˮ˻𣬻˽ѭˣǿа˸λľֳ˵
ԣһ˶ˣ˵ʲôʲôǺǡ
΢΢һЦֱǽرյԺŴ򿪣ż˿첽
ǶľĶľʸĻʸʸܷܷԼҵĿ񽣣ؼҵطˡ
磨ܣ
˵ȳһкǹ
ˣ°ɣ
˰֣뿪˿ͣ
ڣҼѹһһˣֵ˵˵ò˵ľǰɣȻƾ贫ͻƵ򣬿վǲһЩҪǳʲô飬ǼĴǶҪ˶ϵСӿҪ˼
԰꣡
ҡҡͷЦȻô򵥣ղ̫⹫ԣа˸λҪһʱڽȫƳ
ðɣҵҪСʲô취
׼˵ʲôԵһ£һֱԼǹԹԵı죬֮ȴûжϵŪЦá
磬ҪʲôʱʸܷܷżΪʵ
ֻҲ治ѣҪǣǾǸĻݣ󼸺󲿷ע档
Ǻǣġ
ЦЦϸ˵һ飬ȴǷ׷´ǣϾԴȫ˸ԵĴ󣬻ûʲôȫʩչ
񽣣ؿүʲôֱ˵ɣǼѵ飬Ҳ֤úúõģ
˿񽣵Ļ俴ǴֵӣҾǿЦá
ֱ񣬾û˻СΪֳִçӡ
ǸĻǿеĺܶ˶ֻáϡˣ
İɣο϶ǳֵĻᣡ
ЦĿ񽣵ļ漴Ҹ˵ˣĸλֱΪľ𣬽ˮ˸ԵҲľˮ˻𣬻˽ΨһľɩӺܷܷĽԣˮԼ񽣵Ļ⣬ֻзľԣǲľԶѣ
û⣡
˵ط統վ˳ԵľȻܿˮԼ
Ҳ᲻ŷ㣡
ǺЦεȷܼѣһԹȥ㣡
ҲҪ֣طһ㶣ȴЦֵܶѾܾúܾûֹˡ
ʱĻԵЩȡϾĳѾ˵ˣǶΪλԹԵڼųơ
ĳ֣ôǰ˻֮ķλҲͶȻʲôˡ
Ҷ춼žԵģ
ǰ˻֮ϣĸλˣ
컺Ҵ쾲̣˸̫⹫ϣʸүүͱư̸ϣȻͷӺĪүү𶫱֪ΪΣ
û⣡
˷׷׵ͷʾͬ⡣
ȴԱ˵òǰҸ˰ɣ
ǺǣȻûУ֮أ
Ц˵ǴҶȥˣǾ򣬷ֹɽ½͵Ϯ
Сӣԭǰҵɺ˰
ڵЦҲգͰ˵İɣڣ֤Ǽذȫݣ
˻˵ޱƶҲʮ㣡
ڴллˣ
΢΢һЦֵʵҲ̫ţǴһ֣Ѫɷ˻Ƕһʲôģ
˵䣬첻¶ۼĳǰʹһɫԺһЩȴûע⵽

һպĶ
Ӱи֣ǰǧ׿Ѫ֣оӳϢȻֵɫ
ǰ˻֮˰ɣһʵط硣
طһͬ˲Ƶ˵ģȻҲˡ

ףλڶƫȷǰ˻֮ɣӣһҪСģϾĴԲ
ģף
طͷ漴ʵˣǸʲô˼ָ
Ŷ֪ˣ˵Ǹ
Цʵڴ֮ǰѾڰ˻֮Լλ˷ʣλʵʲô⣡
ԭֲôţԭͿǵˣ
طҲ֮һЦҲûټ׷ķʲôֻǶ˶ٺֵΪʲôֱ˵ѵʲôģ
ǡ
ЦЦԵԺˣڻ˵ˣӣ˵ˣ֮ڸô죿
ң϶ˣ
طֱһƲ죬˵һȥһҪȥչأ

Цã漴ȴʼҵİ취ܼ򵥣ǾֱӶ֣ʩչӰһҵĻЭҶ֮ҪƵ˻֮ʲô⣡
УߣطҲ֮ʼ磬ֳ˶ԵΡ
ߣ
ͷطһͬǰٷȥڷеĹУҲǸԽʩչڵִǧ׿ѪϿ֮ʱȻǽԵʩչ˼£
ӣְɣҿʱĳɼУЦ
ã
طɫһ࣬ǱӰǳЩѪֶȥطƷ֤ǰǺȻֳһɫĳ˸ű̴â
ʱ˿̣۶ޱŨˮԹâ
ʵһֱо仰û˵֮ѡطȻľˮ֮ȴˮľ֮˵ôطȫƾΧˮԼĹԼԹһˣҲһοܲطʲôΣհɣ


1875 ȻѪ£
Ѫɫ֮£ȴŨˮӿ˼ΪֲЧȻУΪˮľԵʣڲϵֵطͬʱȴطʱֳԽǿ
ӰڴʱҲչֳ˸Ϊǿط籾ڴ˿ҲǺ˾޴ͻһ㣬ֳһѾԶԶƽʱ
ؼӰ콣
Ȼ䣬ֻطһȣǴ̵ľ޴âֱ·ܹʶֱƵģһǰĿֲơ
ԼӰĬϣطٷǿޱȡ
ء
ʱƬռ·֧ŲסƵģ̮
·Ŀ꣬ȴѪɫٷ·һͷͷ͵ħޣޱȱϢһ̾ɡ
ŴŴš
ռĦ֮ϵܵһоǶȫ߶ȫȻʧԼڰĸоɵΪط簵Թ˼ơ
𡭡
ͻأģƸоյ˾޴裬ѪĿӿգۼһѪɫצĳǾ޴̽âӭȥ
Щ캳֮С
ת˲䣬Ѫɫ޴âײһ𡭡
ʱֻоռ·ʱ˶Щֲɢ춼ܸоһ
ãһ룬طɫ˲䡣
Ӱ콣û𵽸еãǺüѪɫĽɱУͻ޷ȥҪִɫĹâ˲٣·յһ
ǼѪɫȴ˷ܼƵģӴԽѪ죬ɢϢط粻ɵһֲ֮У
ӣ
ۣʱԥĽӶ˲طıӰںһ𣬶лɫ˲תɫͨӰעطڣطһ˲ƱǣǴɫĽâøΪ͡
ƣ
õļʱط˲ȶֱӴȵ
ɲǣӰ콣ذܣɫâӿУѪɫһһıֱӽɱ»Ʈɢط¶һĨЦݡ
⻹û꣬طĽУɱЩѪɫıӰ콣ֱӻâѸײڶٶȣֱֱ·ȥ
棬ѪɫӿΪңڱʾŷŭһ㡣
˿̣ط磬ȴһǰǱӰ콣Ƿ·Ҫܵȫͷųһ㣬һ춼еʮ𺳵ơ
ݡһǴ̵ľ޴â˲ûѪ֮УʱڿˮеһͣѪӿѸͣƿһ񺿵Ĳ첻üͷ
ط֮Ϊܵ˼Ӱ죬·궼ҪƵģɫò԰ײѡ
⡭
кâ˸ԥĳԼĻ򣬶һͷӰط
ӣרĶ֣Ľң
Ļеһƺ磬˲طָ˲٣طҲǰԣרĵĿƱӰ콣һҲᡣ
죬ȴһ˲ͷųԼľطԺȫǰЩֱԺҽȫȥطܹʼձһƽ״̬
һ֮
һľɢޱŨľطڣطʱһƸɺԵĺӴõһ˶ʮ㡣
󼸺ͬһʱ䣬ٴһ֣һɫâǺ飡
Ŀ£ֱֱûǰЩѪ˲ԭѪܵĳ޷ĳ٣ЩĲҽȴһ̸ӵĴ̶ط춼΢΢ü
⡭
ط翴ЩĿɿڴ
ʲô⣿֣ûĵ
ãã
طعæٵͷ֮ٴӿűӰľģİ£ʱЩѪ˻ԵĴЩѪԭֵĵڲС
ɹˣ
һĻоԼǱӰ콣չֳƣط¶һĨЦݡ
ˣףЦ
ã
طͷٶԵרĿűӰ콣Ľɱ
ľĲ£кԴ˵صǿҿЧڹȥŰСʱңԭ˲ٵѪȫɢȻչֳһĻȴطǶ֡
Ѫɢ֮ĴŰƽ׵ķΧǱİɫĩȫռݣлԿһЩȱİ׹ǡ
⡭Щòȫʬɣ
طѵʿˮŵĵ
ȻҲԸţӿ
Цһ£۵ЩѪǿĸʴ˵Ѫ뾫׹ǶŹЩɫĩ徫֮ʣµģ

²ã֪Ӻδһ΢磬ЩɫĩƮ·һɫ漴ȫɢ¶ɫ¶桭
òϣǰʮֺˣκһɱ˼Щ̲ס﷢
ˣǻȥɣ
ɢ̽һܵκ״󣬱кطһͬ뿪
֮ǰİţҴ˷жȻһЩ⣬ֶΪɵĽˣҲ̻ص֮С
˻ĵİ˸λȫ¾һųֶĹص㣬Ҳ׽
Ҳԣ֮׷ϸµ̽һܣȷϲ״̻ҲǽǴʱ˿̵һ׮£

תۼ䣬չȥ
ʱ֣̫ϳǣԼΪж˯ĳ⣬ǼŮټطͿ񽣵˶׷רԺǰԺ졣
Ȼʱ˵ͷ̧е
ʵҹУһ֮⣬һǶ˵һŵˡ
ǣ˿̴ҵĿⶼΪȻΪһԲ¾֪ʱѪɫ˵ͷУѪɢѪɫâΪ죬һǰĹôҵɫһ˲ޱء
ô£
񽣵ɴ˫ۣĵòʲôĩհɣ
ĩգСӱ˵
û̧ڿͷһ£۵ӦֻһƽȻ󣬾͡
ȻĻﻹû˵֮ʱرյԺŶ˿쾵ȼλ̫ϳ룬кȻڡ
鲻ԣⲻѰ󣡡
ԵһʱǼһ£Ѫ¿ɽѲ˸ϵ
ţ
ԵĻٿ̫ϳϵر֣һ˵ȶ׷ɫ˲䡣


1876 Ѫգħط֮˵
ȻһѪµȷôҸоһǵϸϸоȴֲûʲôӰ죬ָоƺǴҵһ仯һ
ϾһԲ±Ѫ£ʲô˶Щġ
˵ɽйأš
ɽܹıı£Ǻβɴֱɱ֣
ʵǴԵֿģ
ԺһҲûʲôĽֻ˵Ҫʱ̾ɽµĶǧܸɽЩѪ֮κεĿɳ֮
ûеóʲô۵ǰ£һǸɢȥط˯˯һѪԽ֮⣬ûиǴȥʲôӰ졣
ڶ죬򶼺䶯ˡ
ҹһѪºȻ֣Ϊ˲෹̸ʣ
ǰ˵ĩյģҲ˵Ȼ󣬻˵ĳλɵģһеֲһ㣬ûһ׼ȷĴ𰸡
ΣѪµĳֵȷʵ˼Ĺע
ȥʱ䣬ÿһһѪ¶֣֮ǰһ춼ӵѪޣ֪жΪ˶ҹϣܹۿѪһۡ
ŹѪµĻԽԽ࣬ǸΪ䶯кЩˣΪѪµ޷õʶ໥֣֪֮Ϊ
˵ˣ¾ҲˣüԴܵϳ¸˼Уڵƽ
ضˣôǾ͸ӷˡ
໥ŹҲͰˣɱԷģΪľǹѪµĿڽ֮ѣõ֪Ϣɵڸ˼֡
Ѫ£ƺĲ򵥣
ĺܲ򵥰
ԺУһƵҹطѾս˹˫𪽿۵С̧֣ʵѪ£ɫΪء
ǾԼ⼸ʲô仯ϵģϵģʵ
仯
ˣʱЩ΢
ȥǺԼҲһɫŹֵӣκһ˵ıҲǹ첻ѡ
У
գǿͷүðøˣҪˣ
ֹˣҾúҵԸҲøĮĮӣطҲ֮˵
ľ˵˵ȴǶ豭һڣЦܣҺɩ쾹ȻΣȻ޼䳳ܵȷܳǰûгģǰɣ橣
㻹˵أҪңܺ㳳һˮĻʸ橣ȴֱһҲһ˿ļ
ڳ˶ɫһ䡣
Ůˣ̬ġ
ɷڻʸϾȫһˣûô˵һֱޱȣܵ˵棬Լɷ̬ȡ
㣬û°ɣʸܷܷҲ˹ȥĵʵ
û£ʲô£
ʸҡҡͷǸоܷʲô鶼˳ۣ

ô˻ʸܷܷҲЩһʱ侹֪˵ʲô
ʵԼҲָоֻûбˡ
Ҳ࣬úܷ꣡ʱҲ׷ױ̬Ҳˡ
òܵӰɣ
ɻ̧ͷٴʵһѪ¡
⡭
һʱ䣬ɫ΢䡣
Ǻйأ
ЩʱһŮȻǺ洫˹óĲ»
˿̵ĳɫȻȻȥôᣬȴɢһ޷ɵϡ
Ѿ׳ˣȻ֡һҹ֮䡯˵Щ޷ţǶô˵ټϵȷҲʵԴҲǿܹܣȻ߲£ȴѰ·ҲҸľȡ
Ȼ˿̵ԾһϢСʱ鶯ɰȫͬǡ߻㡯Щﶼһ
ƶ㲻Ѿ˯ôСѾͷҲǣôúõ˯켱æȥʵ
Ҫ˾졣̬С
磬ˣ
һЦҲֻһ˵㲻ٶԵĲųƳλȥȻҲǽ档
ɩӣղ˵ǺѪйأóƺº󣬿񽣵ʵ
ſ񽣵ĻҲ׷׳ȥոµҲˡ

ףһָŶһԵû˵ĻⲻӦýѪ£ħ£
ħ£
һȴǾ裬û˵ɣħ£
ӣƺǸħЩ˽⡣
ɰڣȴһͷˮ
ħ£
ףħڵʱ䳤ˣԻǣÿһа֮ͬǰ˵ЩΪħ¶ģ
֮⣬ħַΧĻ׳ҲΪʲôȥ֮֮ǰԲѪҲӹ޵Եʣ
˵ҵɫ˲ޱѿ
飬Ǽֱδδšɿųƶӣֲܲţ
Ͼ˵Ķʵ飬ҲûƭҵıҪ
ɩӣڸô죿
üͷʵ˵ħ´ʱĻǶܵӰ죬ΪһЩС¶֣
ֹˣ
ɫصļħһֱڣ벻취򽫻ħ򣬵ʱ˵ѪأʬҰǼ򵥵ģҵĿܻ֮أ
˻
˳⻰Ҷһ㿴ģɫѿ
ƶħȻγɵģǡΪ
ĬУȻʵ
˻һٴɫ䡣
䡮Ϊ֣ǲԼͬ뵽һˣѪ֮ɽ¡

˵ĽŹע£ƺ촽΢ţ³Ϊ
ɽ£ʵ
϶
ƵͷħطѪ֮ĴطֻÿһѪ֮ңҪһ㣬ʩչħطҪѪռ䣡
ǡ
죬ʲô˵
Ҳ࣬һɫˮжɽµĺ
裬֪ħطҺǵһֶԸķɣͷʵ
жԸķ
֮ԣôҶʱ۾һ
еȷУ
ףַһȻʩ֮ˣɽ£
˿Цá
ڶ׻ٵѪռ䣬ħطʩչУһ㣬ҲôУ

˽
ƶֱ˵ְɣⶼҪˣЦŴߴٵ
򵥣Ҫͺˣ
ƶ˶٣ż˵֪ĵַڳ˸ɫ䲻ѡ


1877 ħ£˫£
˵򵥣ѣ
Գƿ˵ĵַֻм򵥵֣ħ£
Ϊ
ڳ˶ʮ޷ǾǶ׻Ϸȸͱ䡣
֮Уط磬ʸãԼľ˸պ÷֣Ƶľͣôɫĸ
ȣҪǼƿظ֮Ϊ˸ԵĴҲ㲻ʲôϾ˸ǿߡ
ɽĵڶͺˣǱҪͬһʱͷųͬȵǿƣκεϸ΢࣬ศ̬֮ͬʱħ£пܸƵħ´һ߻ᡣ
һ㣬Ҳѵġ
ǾҪǷֱֳ֮ԷλʥޣԻʥ֮Ϊ㣬ںϴͬλ֮пܽħ³Ƶ
˵ˣ½ôţޱȣط˵ı˲ǿ˲١
ҲǷ׷׳ĬЦá
ƶֻô𣿡Ҳ֮ʵ
ţ
ף漴ȴָıļ⵹ǻһ취Ǿ͸ˣԳԽһеʵȥѹǿһѪµħط¾ȫ֣Ҳɹģ

ˣΪ
㿴ңģȴǸԶԡ
ˣƶ
Ȼʲôֵղ˵ʱһ򽫻򣿡
Եģ
ƵͷڴҺȻɫУ˵ħ»ħ֣֮Ҳֻģħǣָᱻ󣬵Ϊ֮ɥʱĻκܹڴˣ
ǡ
üħطɽʩչģѵͲ±֮ЩѪ֮Ҳ޷𣿡
ĻҲ׷׵ͷԵüΪ⡣
磬λˣղһ˵һ仰
ʹҵɻ󣬳Ƴ˵ħطѪռʩչģѪռ䲻ܵõӰ죬ܹ֮ǰħ֮˵ľѪ׳ɽЩѪ֮˵ȴһʮ飡
ˣɽľһеȥʩչħطڼ⹫Ǵ˹ѪռʱǻˣΪ˴ǵһЩɣǷɾ裡˵
ô˵֮ǰѪɷ˻ǶҲǹʲˣüʵ
֮ǰģ
ȻԺ󣬳ȴʮصһЦֿһ۴ң˵ǶΪѪɷ˻Ƕֻɽ·ų
ѵô
üͷĵ˻ĵİ˸λѾƣʵҪɹҲǲܵİɣ
ҲǷ׷׵ͷԳȥƳ˻ĵļˣʮֲ⡣
ô򵥣
ƿЦҡͷɫΪѪɷ˻ǶħطӦһศɵĹϵˣƳֻǰ˻ģôѪɷǶأȻѪµһ󷨣ô򵥾ȫƵ𣿡

⻰һʱĬȻ֪λش
ƶ㾿֪Щʲô
ߴٵͱˣֱ˵ɣ
ǰɩӣֱ˵ĻǣҲ׷׳
Ǽλ̫ϳҲһϴӡ
Ƴ¶ԥһ̧ʣ̾뿴ò˵ʲô𣿡
ʲô
һȴȾֵ裬֪ǣǣ
԰𣿡
˻عæ׷׵ͷ
ҹһ˵ֻҪǱ֣ʱ϶ǳֻ֣Ǻٵļţûйֻһģħ¡
ǡ
΢֮۾Ȼƶ˵ĸòǶɣ
ȻԵǶô򵥣ֵȻѪɷ˻ǶеġǶˡ
৵һ£Ŀϡ
ȴͷԵħΪħǻ֪ĻܹоŴħǣѾɽˣֻΪħʱδʶħǲδ¶
Ŵħǡ
һЩ죬ǳ˵ƶǾš
ĵħʱ򣬿ͽħˣƼЦ
ô˵ƵħѾڱУ
һкâ˸
΢˶ٺƶ˵˫£Σ
˫£
ֻǳƣ˵Ŀⶼ׷׳ȥ
˫£
۵ͷղŲ˵Ƶħ취𣿳ɽ֮⣬취ͬʱУ
տʼҴŷȥ̵ǸռͬʱһԸǲһ󷨣Ȼͻ֮ٴǶмȥĥĥӦܲ˰ɣ
ͬʱ
ˣкâһҪƵѪռȥ
صʵɽԳ֣㲻УȴҲˣټĻҲǳصģɽæʩչħطûгֵĿܡ
Ҫһ㣬ɽ֮ѡʱʩչط϶һԭΪǸ˽طһԭΪΪǴ˹Ѫռ䣬ղûжջ񣬶ʱҲٴδ˹Ҳνĵºˡ
һʱ֣ɽʮа˾ǲ뵽ģ
硭

ĻֻǳƣüҲ׷׳
ְ֣Ҹһȥ
ȴһСʱƵֱ첲ʼ
Ѿ˴ˣ˷̬ȴǸ޾Уޱȵ޴Ӿܾ
ҪȥĻҲԣ
ƳҪӦһ£
˵
û뵽ƻӦô죬æͷӦ
ŵ㣡
СһںȻһƣ뱻һΨһͬǣֳͨɫûԪɢһֵϹ⣬ԵüΪ߹
һ֮ΪеΣգǾ̽ԪУԻƽɫݵУ˵
裬ǡ
ҲԵüΪ
ͷȴصĶһʱĲٶԡӣѾͷּ֮ɫûʲô١
ȻҲмΪ⣬ʱȴûжʡ
Ͼ˼ҳƵ˽£ֻǴҶ֣춼ֲܳסΣգƾɫЩʲô
콫ɫպãųصͷŵƵĵƶģҼסˣ


1878 ţŮ֣
ͳƵĶԻԱߵ̫ϳҲ׷׳ʾҪͬϾһĶ򣬲һеʸˣһͬɳɹҲһЩ
쾣ԣľ֣ʸ磬رܹˡ
ҹδڡ
ͳƽһҡҡͷֵͷŪôҼΪ
˵ֵͷҡͷģʲô˼
ûĵҪӦʹӦʲô֣

ʱһæλҪͬȥ֮ãǴӦֻΧӦ̫룬ϾɽʵףҪֵĻѪռΪ̡
˵㲻ٶԡ
û˵꣬е˼ȴʮˡ
λ̫ϳʵףɱ˵Ҫһ㣬˵ɽȡ
˵ɽ³ʵ⣬ҪĻѪռ䱻ƿأɾͲһһڶôˡ
СӣƲǰ㡭
һĻʱüëһ
Ȼû˵꣬ȴʱֽͷãǴӦ㣡ҲҪһͬѪռ䣬಻룡
ԣ
ĬһƼ򵥵ĽһǵͷӦ¡
֮⣬һи飡
Ժֵ˷ȻѪռ䶯֣Ǿ͸ɴٷһιƣΣ

ҡͷûнħµʱҪһɱ»ɺܶԽܵĺõİ취ǰߡ
˵΢һ٣ۺ˽ѪռΧסʱ׼ȴʱ
Ҿúһã
ԳѪǲݵľ棡ɽ¼ȻʩչħطǾ˵ѾĴעһˣҲûжʱ䣡
УǾô죡ŵͷӦ
漴ұ֪ͨƻٺԱʱ׼
ڶ죬Խط磬񽣣ʸ橣ʸܷܷԼľ͵ڵǸռУܹʱֽǽмķ»ص֮С
ȴģȴȼŮһĺü֪ۡΣϾǰ컹˵Ҫúõǣû뵽ħº֣ȴǳ״ǵİš
ҼŮ֮ˣֻ΢ʾһЩԹ㲻ٶԣһһıʾĹģ׼һȥѪռ£ǼŮΪĵط
¾Ѿ󣬿ǼŮУȴԾɺСûʲô
ҪΣճ£ºڶ
֮⣬ǻգ÷˶׷ױ԰ߣһܹ֤ȫһҲ˵˵Ȼ쿴ǰ߲Ҫġ
⣬ǹڱ쫷ǱߣҲȥһ쫷ռ䣬ĴϹԶĪɽϸ˵һ飬˽Ƿ׷׵ͷûκԥıʾȫϣսһһ䣬ҲԲѪͶ
СͷСһȴǿ죬Ͳûֱӿ޳ˣ¾һֱɶµ磬Ҳҧ촽ģκһ˶Ҽɣ
ȴѾĵĲǣϾɲȥ׽Щʲô״Ҳҿ϶֪һĻʵ춼Ӧеġ
Σ컨ʱ䰲һУÿһħԽʱڵ峿Թ緹󣬱һͬķ˲ƶȥ
û취֪ѪռڣǱߡ

Ѫռ䣬ǵһ
ԴͨѪɫĴܣһ˫գѽգģ½ͨ·ȴԾβס־֮
ܿ죬˵ļٷУǴΧɽˮڣֱѪɫܲڲʹӲüȻΧ־޴仯ʮֲ
ְ֣ôѿ
һС죬Ե
ɵŮϰ˾ͺˣְֿ˺һʱأ
ЦЦˣɣȵҿ
ޣ
ԹԵͷСֳԶٶȥ
ȻѾֵزټιΪɽµ鷳ҲûٵıҪڼٷеĹУǿƣ;Ŀռ䶼һ˿˿ԽҵĲ
ȴǺָоСżΪõЦݡ
ףְ֣ǰˣ
ǰˣ
˴ңͣסΣȴǼͬʱڡ
ŮһЦ˵Ĭ
ְ֣ǽɣ
˵һºҲףãСģ
Ŀ
һЦοٵĳǰȥ׵ľ뼸գۼֱǰʮԪ֮ǰ
ৡһ£߲ʹâһǺûӦʮУͬʱ쮷ɳһѪ׷ĵ˵ϡ
ãϮ
ʣµǷ׷׾ԥĳȥ

ȴ˿Ϊ⣬һЦУȴǺȻ衣
һ裬Ȼǰġ衷ԾżΪ̬߲ʹâҫȴǽչֳһֻڻĺжˡ
ӣʵ߲ʹâ˸УЩѪ֮ȴһһĵزÿ˶׷룬һſԴһѪһظ֮
ʱЩѪ쮷УһѪûմϣԵǰƮ
ˣ
ʱȴһ͵һֵ̧ɲǣǧý֮ɳٳԶȥ
ְ֣ˣ˵ҵģ
Ȼһ˲ԭʧļͬʱǧýǺϹʮѪȺУչµһɱ¾
ǧãͣ£
һ߶֣һ߽ѣȻǧýȴǷһ죬Цһ㣬˸ǲľ죬϶ٴЩѪ֮˾ȫ޷Ѿһ
һ˱ǧýصߣĸ첲ְ֣ˣ
СѾͷְ⻹Ϊ˿㣡
ЦЦԴࡣ
ߺߣ
һ»صеǧýָڽһߵǧãҲҵģߺߣҼסˣ
ݡһԵǧýԸһֱӻһûڣĸǶŲһĲ
СŮ̬ŪЦ˿ûΪɱЩѪ֮˶κε
ˣСѾͷ
ЦѪ֮еǣүɱʹ죡
˵䣬ƵĳԶȥɫҲ˲аЦѣŵⲻˣΣְ־ͲŶҵĹŮΣ


1879 ꣬һ·Ѫ
Ц̸Ļǽ绨Ҳ¶һĨЦݡ
˿Ļ֣ᷢ˿̵ЦݾаЦһа֮⣬ΨһͬıչֳаЦʱ򣬸˼޵С
ʮʬѪصĻ棬ȴаЦһ֯}֮С
ã
ԹԵ˵ͷ漴ְ֣οҪ˵Ŷ㲻ٳ֣ȻȻҾҲ
˵䣬ѾͷĶ˶Сţֱ챣֤ƵĵͷޱȵġЦ
ৡ
ܿʮ˵Ѫ֮˼ٶڸղűɱЩ˵³ֵʵҪǿһЩлʥͷ
ϣ
ʥǣ˫ͫһϳݡ
ڶһۺȴֱӻʮһӿŸԵıѪӿĳ˹ȥ
ְ֣˵˵Ŷ
Щˣ˿ûо⣬鳯ѣ캬ЦͷһЦЩ˲˷ĳȥ
죬ȴ˫ֻǰЦеĿȺŰɱ¾漴Ŀȴȫʥ֮ϡ
ʵӹɵģ
Ȼڶʵʵ磬һȺʥ򶼲ǵѪ֮ˣ˵˵ˣ¾һƬ½Ƕû
Զİȫԣ˿̸Ͳġ
˿̶ʥ֮ˣЦЦĿУǲɵôһ飬ɫʮѿŲ鲻ԽĳŲ
ǣܰ
ǺǺǡ
״ЦЦζʱԭʧٴγֵʱѾ˵ǰ
˫ֻǰЦⶼûô٣˿ȴһǽܹ˵ĵ·ȫȻƽѹȣټЩµǸκεֿ˼
ְ֣ӦҵŶ
ʱȻŪЦãŤͷѾͷ콿ӣֻҡҡͷ˺ˣְ֪ģ
⻹࣡
ĵһЦչ˶ΧѪ֮˵ɱ¾
λģЦЦĿʥ򣬵
˳ĬȻԵľ壬ȴ˿Ϊܸɴͷȥ
ôԸ⣿
аЦȴǱ˲١
ɳĬ
Ѫռ䣬¶˵һ֣һʱŹǣ»ȥ֮󶼾Ӳ֮һ;
Ȼ˵Ҳ˵ҲôΪʲôҪ˵أ
ȻˣҲǿǣ
ʼ磬ԵҼǵо仰ԼַʳҲգҾԼ
˵䣬ҪʱΧɱ¾ȻֹͣһϮѾЦĻصߡգŴ۾ְ֣㲻׼ɱ𣿡
֮ǰɱ¾ʥֻп־
ɱ˵ֶΣԼ²մѪɣ֣Ҳ˵һë˵Ա߻޿־ˡ
һѾͷ㶯ְ֣е£
磬ȥԵһλᣬ˵ǲ˵

ɳĬ
ǿ¾Ҳܱ˵֮ȥܾĥҪá
ðɣ
һû˿ڵ˼ʼ磬Ȼˣͱˣ
˵䣬ٵ˼ӡٵûڣǿľӵһ˲ʱȫ֣ʱԴڵϣϷͬʱǴҽУ·ھʲô޷ܵʹࡣ
ҳ
۾һУȻֳצһץʱȻֹͣ漴һͬʱ͸ڷɿֲѵϵ壬̧ǿ־˫졣
ֶΣǿû־ױȡ
ˣ֪ǲ˵˵ҲһģҲ
ۣȻٴ˼ӡʱ˵·ܵĳֹĳһĲҽһ߲ϲҶԽԽ͸ڹȥӺѾǳʧˣ˵κ˺۵ʬ⣬
꣡
һֶΣ
ڳһʵĻʹֱ꣬Ӷȡеļ䣬Ψһȱܲסɢ
һ㣬⣡
ְ֣ôʵ
۾գѽգģԵüΪ鶯˿֮ǰɱôˣͷ·һŴĴһ
ϧ֪Ĳ࣡
ҡͷüΨһ֪ľɽԴӴǻ֮һֱչأǸ£һ㣬ﲻٵѪ֮˶ܹͻƵʥ򣬾ͺһȻƵģ
ͻƣ
⻰ȴ΢΢һ
ǵģ
üףȴǵˣȲôˣҲϤ߰ɣǼɱȥ
ÿ
ĵһչЦգסĸ첲𽥳ǰȥ˿һصʬѪȣ·Щľ͸ǣԶԶĿЦԼʵĴЦ֮ܰС

һ·ϣÿʮӶٵһѪ֮ˣֻÿζ֣Ѫ֮˾ûӹǻ߲ʻɱҲÿ󶼻᳢ʩչһ꣬õϢȴһû֪ɽıչأ˵жòŻصȵȡ
һ·νѪޱȣ
ǵԽ룬ȻʱŹȥСʱǧУȴ˿ûκεѹÿɱ֮Ц棬ʲôʡ
òϣȷǿѾеĴ󲿷ˡ
ȻҲʵ֮ǰйء
Ϊǰƹ֮ƮƮŮǷƹĴСˣĳЩļλ̫ϳϸǿһЩ
һ·ɱ¾صѪȣѪռЩɢƮɵѪɫŨһ㣬ȴ⣬Ѫռȥ
ֹȥһСʱɱ˼֮ŮһԺС
ˣϢϢɣһǼԺ䣬˵
ţ
ɵİӣ˵ְ֣ҪԿ⣡

ԶʱһŤͷһϣѾͷһЦãְԸŪ⣡
ҺãΪ˷ԼĶŮǣһֱڴָдſжҲһʱҲϡ
ְÿ࣡
Сʱһĵıһڣ漴ҲҲæ
ã
һЦǺһͬԶ֣˿ûнĻʲôԣҲո˵ɣ


1880 Ӱɱ

ְ֣óԣ
óǾͶԵ㣬һУ
ţллְ֣ذ
СԺУĲѵĳſ⣬컹ó˼ĺţԺжǸŮ˻ޱȵЦ
ͺѪռ䣬רȼƵģӼֱ⵽˼㡣
ʱһߣѪƶʯУɫ˫ָǰĻгֵĹĻΣѪɫ˫˸żΪĺ⡣
ӰɱôˣǸˣ֮ǰǸСѾͷºȻһʵ
µӰɱӿиֳӦش˵Ļ鲻ҹƿ϶ͬһˣ˭ܹô쳤ⲻΥ𣿡

ӰɱĻµ˵ʲôҪǲڽµˣ

ӰɱĬ޷ӻ
¼תͷĻеˣѪ𣬺һſڵΪħطչأֻľˣ˵˵˼Űɱ¾
һӴ˷ԸӰɱ
ǾǱľŴħǣӵлħְ𣡡
µԵ
ӰɱĬһ£ӦԣӰɱףӰɱʹ˹ȥ
˵꣬Ҫת뿪

ȴǺĿڵȲǰЩ˿ͻƵʥ𣿶ɼȥ̽̽⣬ڰУ׼ʱ֣ȡһɱ
ǣ
ӰɱͷŽڿУ֮뿪
´˿ĻѪɫ˫˸ǻ۵Ĺâ³ɽ֮⣬˭Ҳ֪Щʲô

Ҳ֪ĶӵôģȻԵĿ컹Ҫһ࣬ҳԹ֮󿴲ĶǸһ㳤ĺۼСʱܳ
쿴ĿЦãע⵽ʲôʺûж˵ʲô
ԸŮԵ˵ʱȴ˲Լ̧ͬͷԺķȥ
ˣ
оƺǺЦ˲һ㰡ʮȫʥ򣬻кüʥϵģС
ĻֱһƲ죬мĵҲŲںأ
˵䣬վЦְ֣˼ҼŶһɱЩˣٻԣ
˵꣬˵ʲôĻᣬǵαǳѸȥʱԺ㴫һΪ·һ㣬첻ɫ΢䡣
Ծ衷֮ʱְ
ĪʲôǿУ
ЩģæɢӶȥ
ͬľˣʮʥ֮˵İΧоѣһ衷ȴħŹȥãЩȫ˳մ״̬һȻֱֳУȴĿɣȫ趯Ťӡ
һĻжЦˡ
¾㲻ֹһμ죬˿ھ̽Уǲһݸ
ף
Ȼ䣬Ŀһȴǿڰ׼ֵӰɱȾŸˡ
ˣÿһʵʥ۷壡
Ÿ
ۣſֶǲһһĨ˼⣬Ҽǵƶ˵ػħµħҲǾŸ
ĪǣôɣЩɡ
ˣȲˣŸʥ۷ѣ
˦˦ͷ˷ųһ־ǾŸ⣬ȴǼ⣬ܲܵûŪðɣ
ʱһһĹȥ
˿̵һӺȻû꣬쿴Ѿͷһ㣬ΪһܹٶһЩ⣬뵽㲻һݸ
붯֣
Ȼֹȥ˼ӣ콫ŪõĿźõɲǣȴ۾һУȴ˲Ժ֮ϡ
ء
죬ȭͷ£ͻȻֳľŵɫӰԺܿٶȵɶɳϰԶſסΡ
ְ֣ôˣ
ʱҲܸɴͣһ赸ʮһɵЦݵĵڵϣߡ
Ѿͷǹǰ˺󣡡
켫Ϊ̧ͷһ£Щֻնɱǣ
ָѾ¾һĺǣŬŬʾ⡣
˳ȥһĨâְ֣ǲ򵥣
ţʲô˼һ¡
˵
ȴŴҡͷҵĸоһˣǺħطйأ
ħطйأ
ôԣ첻Щɫ䣬ȴԽ϶ԼղŵĲ²⡣
ˣʮ֮˾ſ¾ǡ
Ŵħǣ
ͬʱһ𿪿ڡ
ĬǲһЦ漴ŤͷǰӰɱΪ׵ľ͸ˣĿȴԽɭ
ɱǣ㲻ƻħطʩչӦҲܹһЩӰɣ
Ȼ뵽㣬ɵŮǾ˵Ҳӿֳǿҵɱ
֣
ûж˵ʲôֻǼ򵥵Ľһһ֣ͬǾֱϮȥ
һΣûзҪҪ˵Լ֣
ϾǿǾŸʥ۷壬ټ֮ѪռУΪ˴ﵽɱ˵Ŀģǿɲ֮ǰǰ⡣
ء
˱ռ˾Եƣһ棬ٴαɳȥҲǱĹȫ޷ӳǵĹΧ
һȴǺܿ˳·硣
ƺʵЩѰѾһֻ򣡡
ۣȴھ֮ףҲӰɱϣɱ
ˣҪ
ѾӰɱ˱ɱ֮ġ
Ȼ䣬ԼĹڽӰɱǿ˺󣬱ȻһȭֱӺ
⿴Ƽ򵥵һȭƺΧռĲû𣬿ʵȴ̺ޱǿӰɱʱ˫ͫһμٷ˵ͬʱʶѡ˶ܡ
أ
Ӱɱ˷ǿУԾûȫ
һƺߣӰɱĲݺݻУ³һѪθɶиһѵ
ϧˣ
һĨź
ӰɱķӦѾκһ֮ˡ
ˣһȭӦúಿλŶԣ
ȻˣӰɱҲˣ׹أõһ𶯡
һߣϮɱУǼҲǱһ϶˲ٵƣȴû֮ǰЩѪ֮һ
˷ò˶ãûʲôֵĻŸ˱ضӲɱ³
ȻҲûУƫƫ̫ϡ
ۿռݾϷ磬Ҫ׼ɱֵʱ򣬺Ȼռ䲨µǻ˳
죬ң
³ֺ󣬱ǿĹȫ£ǰڵľŸˣ¾һڰ󡭡


1881 ޣ׷죡
£
³֣һʱ佫ߣûټȥǾŸ֡
죬㵹Ǻôĵӣ˾͸ҴѪռ䣡
µѪк˸˵Ҳ
Ǻǡ
췴ЦˣΪڰµвһ˿ųš
Цʲô
¼״ʱüͷһ壬ȴЦôʲôЦЦҪ𣿡
죬㡭
һɫ˲䣬ѪиԵŭ
ʲô㣿
û˵ֱ꣬ŻִϵˣҿɲϻҪ־Ϳ죬Ȼҹ
һ죬ȻԼҾͳȫ㣡
ۣϰɫѪɫĹâ˲ӿѪռ·𱻵һ˷ͬƵģڵλüٿѹ
Ѿ˰ɣ
оһ°ɢϢɵ΢΢һ
Ȼȴûôϡ
˵ˣ֮ǰҪԸҲʲô£ˣֻɽµķѣ¾ӵʶı׶ȴǸ޷Լ
ǰ˵һǶԸַľ
ְ֣
Ȼ׼ֵʱȴǺȻ˳

һɫЩġ
İҲһۡ
һֱĵʹûͣ¸Ͳ֪һҹ֮仯Զʮİ
ӧھ޵ͬʱȴҲż
ԴǽԺ󣬻϶֣ղʥ۷ľŴħǣȻֻмȴԾռŲٵϷ硣
֮ʵ򾳽磡
Ҳ֪ЩԾɲⵣǣϾŮ׵ôܲأ
ɿǼᶨǿջûоܾ
ףСģҪǿ
ţллְ֣
ͬ⣬ĵ󳯰ȥԭ绨ȴ˲˫и˸ɱʮ㡣
죬㾹ȻŮս㡭
ڣû˵꣬ǵϵƾҲҰְԳ֣ɣ
µ˲䣬ֻɫâһʱһɫĳ󴦲ƶԾɫĻһ㣬ҪȴԴӳ޳ֺȴƱһƵģ¶һޱʥ࣬ҪĤƵʡ
ǡ
˫ͫ΢εľɫ
ΪӴ˿ϣǸо˷˵ʡ
˵ɫоģ쿴ɫߵĿ⣬ЩϤвһЦɫҲǰѲ˸ϵɣ
ޣ
ѿڶ

ƺƵģŤͷЦЦ³İȥ
һǱϵķ޶ʱɫâʢһ߳Уʱֻ˲ֳʮӰʵһĳλúȻϮȥ
ÿһӰƳˮһ㣬չֳΪǿĹơ
Ŀ£鶯ޱȣĽǶҲޱȵ꣬ĵȷȷǰµɫʱ
ɲҶʲôС֮⡣
֮ǰĳ֣Ǹղųз֮ʱ仯ð²òϣĵڸղžһ˿ǰδеľ⡣
ϡ
һּΧȻ˲ٵѪâʮӰڰнײһԵЩ̶
˷ԹҲ˵˭ռ˭ıˡ
ڱӰѪâ໥ȴǸ˺˼Ӧƽɫľ档
ȻϸֳһĨȻЦݣµѪȴⷽ˵ȴӦʤһȻΣ˭Ҳ֪
˫ȴҲżֳ
µʵ֮ǿȷһòӱСġ
ЩĵĿעУͰ˼սһļΪң˵ģЩɢܿռѣ·ŪĿӶ
ǾŸȴѾ˵׿⣬һݣȴ˫һУ˸Ѫɫâ
ǵȷܹ졣
ڹעսͬʱҲǽעϣǸ֮ǰˣ˶ʱָֻǸӰɱ
ֻǣ첢ֶ֪ѣ
ء
ϡ
սڶĴͰºƻâ˸ŹǽײɢĲ׹أõһһĿӶϳ֣ҪһƬĵȫٵһ㡣
ڴս˽ʮӺ˸նͣ
ɫΪ£µıĿҪγˮѪΪŨİ£չֳһֹ졣
ȴɫУķڶżǿԣ·һڶһ㡣

쵣ĵĿڡ
δ˵ֻǻͷһĵ񣬶Ű£ҲûʲôϵƱǷӿɲǼķХƬնΪ֮
Ȼ˴˿ֹ̹ͣڻԵڽΣû֪
ְ֡
һĿڡ
ߣôˣ
ûʲô
ȻȴǽһЦŪͷߡ
ʲôʱˣӾȻ鿪Ц
ְ֣ҵİɣ
ҧҧ漴Ȼڿգϸɫâ˲ʢһתۼǽȫȫռжȻһķһڷ˵ѹڳ˶׷ɫ˲䣬ڶˡ
ţڰͷϣ޾ǷΧƬ̼һͷ޴ɫֳ
һβɼļûκ
ǡ
״ڼ˲䣬˫ͫһǸоһǰδеϤ
ౡ
ͬһʱ䣬޳һķٴδֶ£ƺѪռ䶼ȫƵģֱ
ôȥ
´вҪɲǡ
ǰеȴȻͷӸµ˫Ŀ⽫䶢סҲһ֣֮£ձСɱ㣡
º󣬱ӡȻ
ɲǼ䣬ٴθ߰ȶž޴ɫ򣬴Ӹߴ·ڵλüϮȥͬʱٴκȵ֮׷죡


1882 ˰£ƽɱ
ౡ
ոµ˲䣬СһţһɫӿɲǼܵ¶ռ䶼ֳܲסƣչֳһΪ뵵ĹŹ
һĻٴ۾һУʶ
ȳġ֣ϤϤи˵֮С
ľ죬ȴɫ䣡
֮ǰ˵ܹսƽɫĻô׷ʱ򣬾ǸоǰδеΣȫκεֿ˼
·𣬴ɫһ㣬֮ѩѪ֮˵УƺҪ࣡
⵽ô£
룬Ƭ̼ЩɫѾף¼æٶ£֮յĴǵķΧ
ܣ
һĻ߿ϵЦһ¡
Ҳûʲôһ˦β𣬼׷ȥ
ͬʱС³׸û˿ͣµ˼һ˲Ĺǽ½ķλȫһУܿռͬǿĿռֲ֮ףʱγһĴڣð¸ɫ䡭
ˣ
Ÿ˼״ҲǶ˵Ҫǰæ
վס
ȻǸʱȴһߣֱǵǰ档
ߣ
ͬʱżҲ֮𣬿ӾǴҪŸ˵˼
һĻҲԽȷ֮ǰĲ²⡣
Ÿ˿϶żΪã԰µݺʵǾԲἺΪ˵ľٶ
ô֮ǰ˾ػħµľŴħǡĿԣҲʮ֮˾ˡ
ʵ벻׻ʲôԭ򣬻ðôһݵĶ
һ̣Ѿɱģǵ˫ҲǱ
߰
ʱ˿̣ϿȻڲ㣬ܹ˸ķΧȴԽԽСַƿտռĿֲ¶ȣð»ʹ಻֮κʱ򶼸Ҫ
֮ĿҪֲסˣ
ֻǣڵǾŸ˱ɱֶܳ԰κξԮ¾Ҫ˴Ҳǲܵ飡
Ÿʥ۷壬Ļ˵Ÿһˣһ˼ѹٸ֣֮ǰ˿̸û˿ɢɱһ¶Եʮּѡ

Ȼ䣬ĳһɲǣȻðһҺǱСһճϣһ˲Ѹӣһֵ·˲ճɻҽűǼֱӵţһҺɴ˶
ף總֮һ㣬޷
°ԪеֵȴҲֻܼȼյٶȣӵʱ䣬ǱŵļһƬ׾Ƿʲô˷ܼƵģϵطӣ
ð»Ҳѡ
ģ
¾ôŭȴҲ޼¡
Ҫģ¾մЩȴԾ׷ϮмȽв³ճɻҽ㲻ͣµ˼
һıҲ˶Զˡ
ۣаЦһĻȴû˿֮⣡
ˣ
ǾŸʵ̲סˣڵģǾѪк˸Ҫһгȵ˼
졭ߣ
µ֮ǰȴԵ˲١
ٵĻǽ֡
Һƴˣ
ŭ֪뵽ʲôһƵĲٽжôֱվԭأܲϳӿȥףղŻѵɫ˲ȴƽ
׻˵úã³Ϊ
˷ȻƽȷЩĪľ衣
ˣȻҾͳȫ㣡
һĨâ˫ӡٴɲǣɫ˶ȻһΪ߼ٳڵλϮȥҪһ̱㳹ɱ֮⡣
ң
һɲǣûȥΧһУһȣѪռѣѪɫ˷ٶֱӳ˸ղʩչ֮ʱԿռķ
԰ΪģֲܿӿȻһѪɫ籩·ܹһҵĹǺֱĵ׷
ⲻԾ
ֶۣһμ
²ϷЩѪɫ籩Ļ棬в

Ȼ䣬ϵ·ȫѪ죬˵ƵĹĵǿķ籩ϯǽЩǿƴԭϵҲȥ
ƣ
ʱ̺Ȼ
һΪȻƽһķֻѾǺݺݵĳڰΧѪɫ籩ϣıһıը
ڣˣˣ
ӰɱȾץסʱ΢˲ֱ
ŵӰ˲ƵĹȣһգۼڰΧľŸͬλѪɫ籩ڣһŭ𣬺ƻͷħһ㣬ޱȿ񱩵Ϣ
⡭
״΢΢Щɫ䣬ȴһ͵سˡ
ûҪƽŸȫɱ
²ǾŴħǵĻôնɱڴˣɽãħطؽһ޴Ĵ˵ɽõħط޷˳ɡ
ڻ᲻ᱻ˵ɲҪ͵ϮȫĿǵС
а죬Ȼһа֣ôں˵Ŀ˵ˣԸѪ»Ҫ
ݡ
뵽һ˲ƱѪɫ籩Χ΢˿һЩ㹻ʩչĿռ䡭
ֳצǿһ˲ֱץЩѪɫ籩צȭȻϮѸײڶٶȣǾŸеӰɱϮȥ
Ͷסһͬʮ֮˾ž˵죡
ãӰɱģ
¾ͬʱȻϣҪӰɱǰ档
أ
ٶȣڴ˿ȴ޷ȣʱӦʼջǲһߡ
ֻһ죬ʥ۷ʵӰɱֱӱݺݺؿڣӰɱڱȭͷеɲǣһѪӶ˲˵ϺƵǹѣԼĹ
˸˼״ҲǷ׷׳ϮȶԣµٶȵȷҪ˲٣һ룬Ϊ˾Ӱɱİ±㲻һеĳչ첻òֵ
أ
һ˲Ĺ±㽻ΣÿһȭÿһŶ̺ŰǿҵĺɱȴӦ࣬Ϳһǿ


1883 ɽµǿ
죬
սУΪЩѪɫӷףȫһƵİ½ŭڣÿһֶ̺żΪɱ
ң˿̶ʵǱ˲٣쾹Ǹоһ˿˿Σཻ֮ǰ˵ȷ̥ǰı仯
ɱңƾ¿»
ͬЦϣǧý趯һâƵģޱǿơ
ء
˵սԽԽ죬漸ֻܿⲻϴ󣬶עǣܵѪɫ籩ڰ˵һĻָðʱضܹ״̬
ȴһ㣬Ǿǧýԣ
κˣһǧýл߻˵Ļǵõļʱƣ޷ֹͣѪ
ȻҲĿ֮ʱ֡
԰£ȻҲǲܷԵԣʶڴ˷ĽУȻܹƾܵѪɫ籩ϻָϵ˺ȴһĽӣ뾡취޷õȫĻָֻЩ˿ѪԼȾѪˡ
ҲҺã˿̰ϵ·ѾֳѪ죬ٴ濴ȥҲ̫ԣ
ʱһĹȥǶ˵ĽԽԽң¿ƷĹУȴԳ˼ֽΪףʱ״̬޷̫ʱ䣬һֵܹʱ䵽ˣôľؽʮΣգӰɱȾҲ˶޴ΣУɽµħطҲؽһĲӰ죡
ȻΪʱļսȴԵһˣ
û
֮ʱ΢˺һЩ
֮ļսò֣漴һתĿȴٴκ˵ԶӰɱȾŸϡ
һ㣬΢΢ճһаȵĻߣȻһɫâȴǾֱǾϿվ
ǿߣ
¸պñһŷ߳ȥٶɲǱ
ȥȣֻûʱ䣡
ڱ߳ȥʱĹӰΣ¾㺰ĸ֣ðµķӦ΢һЩ
ⲻҼֱǧýһѪڣʵǿΣյʱʱһ£ಿλᱻֱӴ̴ˡ
һߣڷǾϿյʱ򣬼аµѣɾȴκζԭֻһӡһ˲䣬ЩֲȻǽܹķȫټͷϿջڻǸ޷ʱ
Ŵħǣǰɣ
һЦ벻мζʮ㡣
㡭
ĻӰɱȾɫ˲䣬Ǹû뵽Ȼһ˵ǵĵϸ

ϧǣûиʲô˵Ļᡣ
һֳڵɲǣСһӣ˷ױӿգȥһɫΣмλõľŸϯȥ
˰µǰ֮ɣǱ˵ˣһʬǶ޷¡
ƴˣ
±üսסû취־Ԯ
ŸȻҲǸԵѪһһƴһսľġ
ৡ
ԽԽŸο˸һƿ֮һ˲վһΪͼӿܿĽ׺һ𣬱ޱȿֲƣ
ϡ
һȴżֹȻ
Ӱɱǰһɫľ޽ֺɫʮִ⣬ŹϢһ񶼻ᱻƵġ
ŴŴš
ĿȻʮЩռյΪĿľˣȴû֮ǰĻңӰɱһУǱĺɫ޽Ȼڹ·ܵһУҪγһռһ㡣
ʲôֶΣ
΢΢üּǷһչֱϮ
ϡ
Ǻɫ޽ϣһɵøü
ȥգ
ۣӡɲǣԪȶ
ʱ˷ףһ˲ķһһεײǺɫ޽ϣΧռжʱ˲ٵĴ̶
ȻûƵɫ޽ȴǺĽ϶һѰ·
˿ֻҪܹò˶ɫ޽ӲƵˡ
ͬʱƺƵģֱӴ͸Щɫâ֣˺ѷУֱճһϣô˷ޱʹ˻ȫ˲ĵڵϲϷ
ʱǰˣҲæǰʩȣֻϧС׵߿Լ
ƾǣҲ뽽ҵףΣ
мƲƲ죬ٴμӴ׵ٶȡ

ͬһʱ䣬ԭҪ˵ˣȴͬĲҺб׸˸ԵڵϣϵײǷĵ涼գֳܿһƬҵڡ
ŴŴš
׵
ڽУʱ䣬ͬʥ۷ʵˣǳɢ˵ʬˣ¾һͷû£һص֮⣬ֻпԽŨϢ
ֵˣ
кâ˸һ֮ˡ
أ
ʱĳУǱ赲һеĺɫ޽˲鿪ĲƮɢûʲô̫ãʣµӰɱˣȴһɫ԰ףȻɫ޽ƣǵҲһӰ죡
Ȼ׼ٴζɱʱ򣬺ȻѪռ伱ٲǿĿռ֮һɲǼоڸղţʮѹ
ã
ɫһ䣬æ㿪µĹƣһٷˣ˵׿ͣ¡

ƬѪռĲУһЦ쳹űѪɫװѪɫ磬ͷ˫ȫѪѪ֮ɽ¸˳
𣡡
¼״ʱһæصɽվ
μϣ
ʣµҲæȥ
ɣ
ɽִ̧̧֣Ѫɫûڣһ˲ָ״ֻ̬ϧɱȴôҲܸˣ
ɽѪɫ˫Եɱ׿ˣҧгݵĵǺôĵӣ
£ҲûʲôľٶǶȻɫ˲䣬ΪǸоܿռǿ¾ʵ죬һ֮С
ɽ±ˣøǿˣ
΢¾Ѫռ䣬ɽҲѪռƿߣȴһǰδеѹһֱŵģȴҲڴʱ˲١
ǿƣȷʮֺˣԽ֮ǰɽµжϣʮ֮˾Ѿ˳Խʵ


1884 սֺη
ɽµĵðºʣµ˵
˵Ʊɽ˲κã֮ҲΧЩѪɫ籩г׻ָ
״첻ۡ
ңܿռѹԽԽǿ춼ܹѹԽ
죬ôɱ㣡
ɽѪһޱ㾹ȻԼһɱ˱ػħǣԼ
˰ɣϻôôࣿ
Ȼȴɫߵֻǰ˵˶ٴˣÿζŹңأΪɱҲɣ
ãã
ĻɽŭЦǽ˺üޱȹЦΪ̶üͷ塣
ɷϣɽ¿ܹɱǵʵοʱѪռ䣬ΧôǿĿռѹţ±ʵ߳ɶһܷӳ
ȻǱͳȫ㣡
ЦɽѪӿǽѪɫ޷Զɽ¿ȥǹ쵽˼㡣
£ǺˣȱǵľѪʵɽԵ
ǣ𣡡
µͷɽ˵˵ǧ׿⡣
ʱ˿̣ԶҲһѪɫӰÿһʥʵȥһ㣬֮ڣ
ٸʥɲһɼ򵥵
ɫһһߵЩԥ
ְ֣˵ˣ
û쿪ڣԵ˵ʲôҲߵģҺͰְֲٷֿˣ

Цһ£Ѿͷҧᶨӣ޷˵ʲôȰ뿪Ļ
ðɣȻˣǽһսֺη
쳤³һ¸ֳЦݣҵ֣
ţ
һЦסĴ֡
ԼȴǼŤͷǰɽȥɽ£ɱǾͶְɣ
ռ似λӰ
ûиɽ¶˵ʲôĻᣬֱó˿ռ似
һ棬Ҫƴ˴Ŀռѹֻʹÿռ似һУȻֻҪѪռУ¾͸޷
һ棬λӰʹóԺֻҪʵ챾̫ˣ¾ҪĻ⹦ЧҲǲôܵģ
أܹԵĸоɽʵǿֻҪûгʵ磬۷壬ҲĲᱻǼһƵλӰ
ԣ˷ʹóҲɽµһ̽ɣ
Ȼɹˣ
ֱֿռѹʧɽ²ۣҧռ飡
أ
һɲǼ䣬ŮɽͷϿգǿĽƽϮɽµҲԭʧǵĹֻڵһͬըľ졣

ɽκֱ֣ʱĿռ֮ϯȥϧλӰ֮Уռ֮ûʲôãٴδʧˡ
һεĹڿռȻ֣ΪѪռƿߵɽ£ȴȫܹڵһʱ䷴ӦÿÿҲĹ޷ɹ˱¶ǵټɽܹƾѪռƿضʱ
һȴǺܴ¾еҩĲľĻָȴԪٶҲҪȻָ죡
ôȥĻһԪľôĺؽʮֱ磡
Ҳû취ɽԿĻѪռУмְա
ʱУȫһּΪĻ棡
ɽ㿪ɽչƣִλӰжܣһͷ·Ϊһս
һСıˣԪľֹսͣµʱ
˵ȴǼΪģ
ˣ
۾һУȴǶȻһ۵İ׹˲һ޺ʣƬѪռƶһ̼˺ܶࡣ
Ϲޣѩʨ
ѩһָ֣̻˱״̬ǴλӰֳΣȻѩƿıϡ
ѩƣҺŶ
һʱ䱧ѩë׵ĲЦ㿴ڻָˣô𣿡
ء
ѩŴԴ鶯Ĵ۾ϲãֳԴĳ硣

ҲǿĵЦȫûн˿ΧĻһ¡
ѩƣ
ɽº޵ҧгݣֺǴǿмƵġ
ܿ죬ɽµĿȴֳȥü֪ʲôǳ
ңʶ𣿡Цĵͷʵ
ĸɽٴʵ
Ͳ㣡Լȥ£
һƲ죬ص
ȻɽµɫȴǸΪ
ΪѪ֮ĴмУ˽⵽һгŮһҲɣҲδ̫˼һЩ
ʹ˴ɽ·˲٣죬ΪƾǸܹӮ˱
ѩư
Ȼɽ֮Ե죬ȴḧѩƵĴԴϷʵЦѾͷ˼ҿƲأôúõıֱ֣
𡭡
ѩ۾Բŭɽµ˫Уһӹ
ȥɣ
ǺЦǣСַ𣬶ѩ뿪ϺȻһİ׹ϷǽѪռбڵѪɫԭڵĿռѹҲһ̽࣡ѩƴһţüŰɫ򣬳ǰɽ¼ٷȥ
ɫٶȺܿ죬գ۱㴩֮׵ľ룬ɽǰ

ɽŭһһѪɫкȻ֣űѪɫâϮɿЩɫײһ𣬱һ֮
𡭡
ѩһŭӴȴһ׹⳯ɽ³˹ȥ
ԼСģ
״һ󣬱ǳǧýһЦѩƣҲ
£ζȻԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾѩԣ粢ĳɽչ˹
ɽµɫѿ
ȻǱͳȫǣ
һɽؽѪɫ׵УӡһɲǼһŭ캳صĴ
ǱѪɫһ޴Ѫɫа֮צĵɴۣͨͨѩ죡
֮
һھѪɽµبžԶϹʱڣŹ죬Ѫħ
𡭡
ɲǼ䣬·ѪռȫѪɫڣٴαһһ˦βǳѩֱӭȥһޱȿ񱩵Ϣ


1885 ħΣ
񱩵Ϣ˲˷ѪɫʱǷޱȵĳѩӭ˹ȥ
ɽԣѪħΪʲôлһħ֣˿֪òϣ˷Ѫɫȷǿת˲ѩӲӲĶһ𣬾Ҳûʲô̫·磬ҪǣһʵʵУоһ˵Ĺ죡
ָо޷ȴã½֮£ǰߵһϵ飬¶ûбϿȥô򵥣¾֮ǰȷնɱ˲ٵѪ֮ˡ
ɱˣǸղŵ֮⣬ȴϲ̨棬ʥ򶼸ûм
ڴʱѩƺѪħǰеսӺȻüΪ䣬ܹء
ְ֡
һʱɫ仯ɵ
û£
ҡҡͷͨѩ֮ľϵʱ̹עѩռһϷ磬ҪĽѪħҲһʱܹ顭
𡭡
ƺҲǲ̬ѩѪħһ󣬱ȻһХİ׹⼤Ǻܿ콫⸽յôܵѪɫ׹⣬ʱƮɢ
ѩƼŶ
վ࣬ĻֱۣǼ֡
𡭡
һ𣬷·ڻӦĹֺڷйѪħսƣʱܰ׹ܵĳת˲ֳһɫ⽣˷Ѫħڵλüٶȥ
һĻչֳһЩС
ȻɽµĿ£Ѫħͬһ캳صѪɫâʢγһѪɫĻЩɫ⽣Уȴûиȥʲô̫Ӱ졣
ء
ͣȻѪɫĻڰɫ⽣ĲϳУǴδεĻζѪɫâ΢һЩ֮⣬ûһɫ⽣ܹѪɫĻķӣԽ̼ѪħķƬѪռ䶼֮ѡ
𡭡
ѩƼ״ƺһ㣬һ˫鶯Ĵ۾չֳ˼ַ
漴ļѪӴ£׹ɿɢűһһģһѩƷֶ

һĨ졣
ϴμѩƵķͳư̽Ѫƶʱ򣬲Ǵʮ˵ǴÿһѩƵһʵ
ڷȴֻĸоÿһʵΪףٲʥ򣬻һЩ
ŴŴš
ѩƵķֺ󣬱һͬվ߸ͬķλǳ֮һ㣬ɢΪõտɫǻԹâٵֳһ⽣ѪħΧѪɫĻϮȥ
һ̣֮ղ֮࣡
ѪɫĻٴαһ⽣еʱȴǲӿ죬һӵʱ䣬ͺѾʱҪ˼
ģû뵽ķ֮ǿÿһ߰˳ɵʵ
ɽѪ˸żΪĺ⣬ҧгݵ˵
أ
Ȼ䣬ûɽ¿ѪħʲôĶһ𺳴ѪɫĻױƣտɫɫ໥ֹ֯⽣ȴǱŷ˸ӿֲĹٶȣ
ݡ
ÿһ⽣ܹ𺳵ƿ֮һһĺݺݳѪħӴϣֻգۼ䣬ѪħϰٴεĶԴΪѪħʵ壬ѾΪһġѪˣ
𡭡
ѪħڿвϷ裬ɸ޷㿪Щ⽣ĹϮۿΪԽԽСͬʵʱɰ͸״̬ɽڷŭͬʱȴֲòӡջأбǱѪɫâѾ˲١
ʣѩ㽻ѾӮˣ
һպѩƲмһɽº»صߡ
Үѩƣ̫
ѵıѩƱһڣǿĵӹͬûСӣѩҲֳ֮ͬǰȫһµĳ֮ɫ
Ҳ΢΢һЦѩƵĴԴŤͷǰɫɽ£ֻһǧ׿⣬ȫΧٸʥ֮ˣɵ۾ٴС
ɽ£㲻˵Ҫ𣿡˻һЩ볰
㡭
ԣɽŭʢѪɱ
ɱ֮֮ǰ
ã
͵أɽºȻڣѪӿƮɶͳȫǣǡܾȣ
£û˵ӡ֮Ƭռ䶼֮ݺݲĿռ֮ӿ·ܵĳ˷ۡ
֮
ɽڣӡԽԽ죬ƳبžԶϢɭޱȡ
ǿѹٴγ֣¾ѩƵİ׹Ҳ赲˶٣ıҲһԽѿ
ŴŴš
ռĦ֮ϣѹѸ£Եֿ֮Уܿռ䶼𽥷ƵģֱԳܣ
֮ħΣ֣
ţЩѹò۷ɲǣɽȻһѪһѪɫ˲ΧҸѪ⼱·ЩѪɫΧڵһУ첻޷˲ƣҾҪʹÿռ似ĿԶûС
ħΣ
ۣǾ˶Խֱ̧̧ŵĶüΪѡ
ЩѪɫַΧڣγһʮֹռ䣬ֹŹֵڲȡǵѪ뾫ֻûһʱᱻ龡һжɸʬơ
ء
ѩҲԵΪӴſڵϣͺ𶼱΢˲١

ɽʱҲЦţΧһѪɫƵĲ죬ʮѪɫϣһĨĨѪⲻϴѪɫӣսɽµڡ
󣬾ȡǵѪ;ԲƵġ
⵽ô£
찵ɫѿ
ǿתԪеֿȴΪ΢𲻵ʲô̫õЧ
ˣ
ɽȴЦԽſˣչֳƣҲٴεõ
£Ӱɱ
ɽ³֣ʱ£ӰɱԼĸ˿ǰɽȴǿٵ˼ӡЩѪɫֱתƵ˰µϣͬѪתð鲻Խı˫ۣһޱܵģ
ֹΣδͨı仯ȴܹ϶νħεĹܣֻϧԼѩƶΪ˼ҵġʳһ벻κ֮Чĵֿ
תۼ䣬Ǻüӹȥ˵ʵۿɼٶȵõһЩǵľȴԽήңﶼЩܿơ
ɽ£ס֣
ʱһŮȻӰӸͬķٶ


1886 ֮
ৡ
Ӱֳ쾣ԣľ֣ʸԼرλ̫ϳϣ
֮ǰļƻʵǺһͬѪռģǵȴǷɢڲȥ̽ѪռҪ취Ѫƶ浽ʲôӣϾҶûǣϴǹѪռʱɽ¾ǴżеѪ֮ͨѪƶ뿪ġ
ѪƶԻǶ˽
ֻλ̫ϳôҲû뵽ǷǵѪƶ⣬ؾһ֮ҪѰһȥûȴ棡
Ҳ˲
ǣ
ɽλ̫ϳϣĿɭ䲻ѣȻΪǰһЩ£ҪĻǿԡ
ɽ£Ѿͷ
ŭ
ƾʲô
ջĿ⣬ɽĿǲм
ɽ£㡭
оԼˣŭ
ܣ
ԼæסȻƢ»Ŀܲһеĳȥɽһ¡
Ȼҵ̫ϳϣʵԣɽµĶ֣һ㣬˲ţ
ǼԼˣ
ɽЦΪƾǣܹϢĽѪռ䣿ҪûֹΪܹŵ
ͷˣ
⻰ԶʱɫһݣҲǷ׷׳
ˣѪռƿأֻҪ룬һУһصʱ˽һɽ»ص
Źھߣ
һ
⻰Ȼе˼ȴҲ֮٣
ף˵ˣ棬ǵʵҪսʤɽҲǲôܵģ
ƴһĻᶼûУ
ݱܷâΪõѡ
ܣ
ɽº˼ֱӾܾǽҪǡ
˵䣬Ŀһ٣ڹȥϣԼߣҲҪ
֣˵ˣҴûϲ㣡
ЦǰûУڸܣȻҶҪǴǾһ𣡾Ҳֲ˺ã
㲻Ҫңɽ³
㣿
ԣȴǸΪЦͼħطħ򣬵˭ڱ˭Ҹɽ£ǾԲܳɹģ

ͻأģɽ´ЦЦͬһ㣬ըڳ˶ĤۣѪɫչֳ˼ֲ԰ס
ôȥ
һУȻһȣ֣
ৡһ£ֱͬʱҲ̶֣ѸײڶĹƣǰԾɴЦеɽֱϮȥ
ˣʱûκε֮⣡
һ֣ǿɱҪô˻ɽһЩشѰҽǵĻᣡ
ǵ뷨ãɽµʵϾЩ͵Ϯ˼ٶҲʮֵĿ죬ֻһ˲ٽɽǰ
ۿżĿ꣬ɽµȴԭضȻʧǲЦ쳹ܿռ䣬ÿռӼҡ
ϣ
һʱ䷢֣ɷ˵ĵȳ֣еԪǰ棬չ˶ɽµһι
ܣ
ϵܣ
Ҵæŷȥ
Ȼ಻һʱ䣬еľȴʮԡ
ɽڸ߿֮ϣżٳԼϮʮֲмѪи˸ױȵɭɱ
ײ飬ԶѾУΪŮˡ
һֱɽȻ޲ýһʬΣȴҲǱɱĿ꣡
ڣˣ
ϡ
Ѫɫһ˦ǽĹֱӵסһɾķӿϯβܿƵ˲θߣܿռ֮ɽµĿºȻΧγһֲĿձ֮

ɽĿһѪɫʱֶϷܵռ伷ѹϮȥ
ܣģ
ס֣
˼״׷ŭȳǰԣǴһ˿˻֮⡣
ˣ
ɽûֵ˼ԽӴѪɫĹƣͬʱֿΧ˲ֳһѪɫĻЩ֮⣬ǺĽǼΧκԵĹȫ¡
ͬʱѪɫһĽʱ˵ֿԾݺײһֻáءһαǴӸ߿ֱֱ׹£ͬǱеĴ㣬ֱ״̬أƬһ
ܣ
״Լæߣ
һѪڸѪþ취Ȼ޷ֹѪ
ۡ
һѪȾ˴󲿷ֵ
ɫ԰ֽôʱ侹˲١
ܣܡ
ԷƵģǸԵԪעڣɼˣȴԾ޷ֹѪ
ڴ˿̣ڲϵļ
ȿȡ
ѪĿԣǿЦЦʲô˵
ﱻϣֹƻĹѪ⣬¾ԵԪע룬ȴҲֻǿƻ޷ֹ
У
У
˵򵥣ۼȴǼֱţ
Ҫ֪ʵذ
أ
һ̣ü촫Ƕľ֡ʸԼر˱ɽºǲûбЩ֮Ⲣκδ󰭡
ܣ
Ϊʱ򣬱񳹵ʧȥ
״쾺ĿѣǱ߲ѣˮҪǮƵķǵĽܰ
һϰ֮ã֮ĸȻö˵ѾԷԼеһ֣
ˣȻôˣ
ɽ£
̧ͷŭԾ˫Уֱ¶ƷҪһ㡣
ϵܡ
ľҲæɫޱģԣǾǲ֪˵Щʲô
֮ĸ飬ûֵ֮ܽ񣬵̶ֳȣÿһ˵һޱȱ飡
û˵ʲôԭˮҲʧ
ֻؽƽڵأ󻺻վ̧ǰеɽ£ƽ俪ڣɽ£ϸˣ
΢һ٣Եȹɵںڵ㷢ϸƵһƮɶɲɱȻ죬ұɱ㣡


1887 ħΣƵ
ڲԶɽʩչħס죬һĻ󣬸˫Ŀ죬̵ˮղϻ䣬Ȼʧȥ壬˫ȭգָǶﶼ޲
ˣ˼㣡
ְ֡
̫죬ȻҲЩģȴûôء
ңϾ֮ǰˣڼ˯ôãҪҲֻôһЩ
ļУȴû⸱ģɵҲǼΪᣬĽһȴʲô˵
ѩĴԴ˲壬ʾο
ȴ޲ͨ˫壬ֻ֡
ɽ£
ͬʱһȣϬƵĺȻ֣һ˲Ǳȫʵ
һ̣ŭУ˾Ҫɽͬھƣ

ɽȴû̫⡣
ɱһѣһǶǰĳˣȻʲôƴƵĹһЦȴǱܿǵķâΪ˸Σ˵Ĺƽ䵽մ
һЩڽڵϣԪֽ𱣻󣬶ľ֡ʸԼرȴǶһۺڱɱƵͬʱҲǺԥ漴ˡ
ৡ
ŭһ˲սţ֮ǰһͬռͬķλɽ°ΧУǿĹƽ֣Ϊ̺żȷŭԵʣ˿Ĺȴǽ֮κʱҪǿϺܶ࣬вɽԶͣһ
ɽȴҲ˿壬ֳѪɫѪν˸ȴǲһ·ļ󣬷ǿ߼սޱȿ٣һֽذǿܡ
սֲɢ´˺˲٣¾ǧ׿ٸѪ֮Ҳ׷׽ˣһ˷սĿⶼźȻ֮⡣
ħУɽ¼սΣֱ壬һΪŭͨ˫ȴǺƽ
ѩƣ˺һЩ
Ϊƽ֮׼˵ʲôȴǱѩһҧס䣬˵˺档
ħΣߣ
к˸һصһ˲ӿʱħһֲ˫ӡǿγһ޴׶Ӱ״̬ڼٵתб̶Ŀձ֮
Ե棬ƣ
͵һŭȣǾ޴׶ӶȻΪͣĿձ֮кݺݳǰħεĳռλϣħһ̲ѡ
Ե棬ʵҲһķ
ǿۼһ㣬ǿ
ֻǣַһʹвᱻ֮ɣ֮˴ȥɹӰ졣
ʱ˿̣ûѡɵĴ̼£ڽڸղƽ˲٣ȫǽַŭѹĵףһħؽһı
⣬ɽûбΧĻҲóȻ¡
Ͼħο϶ܵɽµĿƣħһֱڱԿеĻôʵҲһܹɹ
ԣԵֶΣҲҪһںϣؽ룡
ѩƺûд죬վԶһЩĵطؿţжԵĵǡ
Լʱȴתľ̷²ٵĵҩв䣬άֺͲϼӿ׶ӵĹʹħϵǸռλȻһѵϸ죬ͬϱײ֮ѷһʱпܳױ
ˣҪˣ
۾ﲻϵİеʱһеļӴԪ
תֹۣȥʮӣļսԽȻ˵ĹȻǿ󣬿ɱΧɽȴ˿κ·磬ɫѿϸԶ˼˺ۣ
أ
䡭
ɲǼ䣬һȻƬһҲĲγһХȥΧ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ¾ڸ߿мսˣȴҲ׷ͣס˶һ첻ѵĳħεķȥ

ɫ˲䣬
λ̫ϳҲˣǶ֪Ǹղ챻ڣΪǲǼսеɽĳֶΣֽɱ
ɽԼȴȫ벻š
ôܣôƵҵħΣ
ɽţѪɫ˫Ǳߣɱʮ㣬УΣԲھҪȻ
ɽ£
ʱӿУŭ֮ޱȿ񱩵𣬽űֳǧý޾ƿ֮ɽڵλϮȥ
ٶȺܿ죬˲һ㣬գۼ
û£̫ˣѾͷѩҲû£
찲ȫԵһ
ʱĹȻƽ˽һƵչֳ˷ŭеĿֲ
죬
ɽɱ֣ѪɫȻһѪʢɲǣȴɵĳֱӭȥ
һ̣ĺ죬Ծ󻼣
ģ
һжڵʯ֮䣬ڷӦʱĹѾɽºݺݳһ
ϡһǧýѪɫײһޱȴ̶ĽӿУμ˸һĳɽչŹƣһ㣬¾ˣֻǿκۼ
ɽ£ɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
˸УǷŭͬһ㴫ǧ׿ЩѪ֮ˣһѪû³Ѫ

ȻɽȴǿЦѣЦгſ벻м
ȻȷҲصʵȴ˲١
¾Ĵ򷨣ɽɵ˺ȴûж٣̸ʲôɱˡ
һΣƺĺˡ
ռ似λӰ
Կռ似ʼ֤Լٶֵܹ£ͬʱܹʶıܿɽµйơ
ڲϵ˸УȻһĿŲͬɫӴڼٷǸ飬飬ˮԼ顭
𼼡ս죡
𼼡裡
ˮˮƣ
ҫŭ
һɲǼ䣬Ƿŭȳ֣ͬɫХľ²˿ͣٵĳǰɽλúȻϮȥ
ֲģ
·ܹܵͷŭ棬Ǳǰδеƣһſ·һ̱Ҫɽ̵ֱƵģ
ȻⲢû꣡
ϴѪռУҲԹ㹥ƣȻҪСһЩɽȴûʲô̫á
ϾѪռƿߣ


1888 սѪƶ䣡
ת֮ת飡
Ȼ䣬ٴһȡ
ӿĿռ֮ӷ񣬶ȴǽ̤ʵһǰ̤һ
·ʮּѵһ
̧ҽŸոµɲǣЩӿĿռ֮ʵһĳɽǿѹȶȥѪռƿߣҲ޷ֵ

ɽɫ䣬ôܣ
ԭ׼Ըĥûʲô취˵Ѫռƿͼ
û룬ûôе죬˷ȻܹѪռƿأоһûиܵĿֲѹ¾Ѫռƿߣȫ޷⣡
˷ɽ¸ȥ̫࣬ٲ׼ĻһɻĻᱻˣ
һɽһףѪɫ̷ɵǰ˲ֻһģһıѪɫ޽ҫ˶ĵѪ⣬ɽ±ȴǿٵӡǿеֵܵĿֲѹ
ء
ܿռ䣬Ŀձ֮ɽмĿռѷ죬£ٴôΪ֮ɫ䡣
𡭡
ʱǽˮԼͬʵʵȻƽ
ƣ
ɽ¶ȻһȣıѪɫ޽ǼٷɳֱֱӭȥɽµĿ֮£һױȵĽƣ֮κʱģҪǿϲ١
浱ǳصģ
кâһȴǷһĨаЦ
׼õӡȻֻ촽ţ³һ֣ܿռУһǿĿռ֮ӿһ˲̩ͬɽѹƵѹıѪɫ޽ϣԭӭѪɫ޽Ȼһ٣ǳ·䡭
ô£
ɽûϵˣʱЩɫ䡣
ô˻ᣬȻɹѪɫ޽ϿգצĳɽϮȥ

ɽŭһԭԭصҪˣɸɲǣȴٴɫһ䣬ΪоһǿĿռ֮ΪѪռƿߣȻܵ˼ƣ
Ȼܹ˺󣬿ɽƽȴҪ֮࣡
ҲΪȻֵĹ죬ɽʧȥһĻᣬȻ
ءء
һֲĺ죬лɽµƺߡ
ۣԵĿһĨ
أ
漴һ̵ɲǣֻһ죬Ǳһǿɿȥ첻ɫһףܵǿķ֮ξüģȶ
죡
ȻƬռصĿӻָ壬»صڵɲǣǰһѪѪɫУǵѪֳɽµӡ
ϽѪɫѪɫװԿЩѪѪ֮⣬ɽ¸ɫףȻղǿĹƣܵ˲СӰ죬Ψһ˫ѪɱȻ

ɽ²ٶԣݺ³һֺ󣬱ٴλѪ⣬ֱȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ȫһɲǼǰ
أ
⧲˵κεֿؿһʹһѪɲǣ˹ӵɶ

λ̫ϳϼ״æȥ
ְ֡
ҲǾһѩƿϵѩƵһ粽Уǰߡ

ɽȴû˿ֵͣ˼ͬʵʰɱôҸо޾ı
չ˺ְ֣
Գ˵һֺĸ˽һǰ£¸оǿҵΣȴûһ뿪뷨
ǾҲҪ֤İȫ
ֻܹţúõĻȥ۷ϣ
ƾǣҲ뵲ס
ɽ²м𣬿ȴûκεĻӦӿ̶ȵԪĴɽƴһսľģ
ת˲䣬Ѫٽ
֣
һȣȻ˫ǰƣ˲ںһγһΪõķ֣ɽѪһʮܵĽӴ
أ䣡
ʱ䣬һֲĺ촫
󣬱ǵõķּ˲ӱֱӱƣ
顭
쾣ԣľ֣ʸԼرɫ԰ֽѪĳԲͬ򵹷ɶһߺ׹أ˺ü¾ôҲվ
֮䣬õ֣ˣվվ
ɽȴ˺΢ͣһ£ڵλüϮȥҪһֱɱƣ

ǿĿѡ
ʱȴɫ˿κξ⡣
ûʲôȴǶȻһ캳صĺԶ˵ĶΪ֮һ٣һ˫˫Ŀ⳯Ǻ촫ķȥ
ţ˵ĹעУһ޴ѪɫѪռҪƵĲݡ
৵һ£ɽµĶڰкȻͣ٣ͬʱɫ˲䣬ã
죬ǼڱʱŹǣÿ
ɽ¿ٵ˵һЩ˲ԭʧŰºˣԼǧ׿ЩѪ֮˶׷Ѹ뿪ǿɻ󣬸Ū⵽׷˺¡
̣ô
켱æѩܵߡ
ȻҲˣľĸ£ȴء
ˣȴڸܵ˼شɽµֳ£ڵĹͷ;˲٣ҳ֮⵹ҲûʲôֻҪһЩʱɻָ
ҲĲ٣æóһЩҩֱλ£Ǿ޴Ѫɫķ򣬲ɵüͷ壬ɫѡ

ӺƳȶ˷׷
ϾѪռ䣬ǿɲˣһɽ»ǿһоͶ׷ˡ
ǱӦѪƶķ򣡡
üͷӣӦǱ߳ʲô飬Ȼɽ²ܷɱҵĴʱ
Ѫƶ
΢һȴ۾һĵˣǿ»ǵһᣡҪһȥ
У
ԥҡͷɫ̣Ȼȶˣȴٶ֣ңһȥĿ̫󣬿϶ᱻ֣
ְ֣Һѩȥ
˵
ҲУ
ٴҡͷЩУЦŮðְչ˺үүǣ
ðɣ˾죬ǹԹԵصͷӦ
ȥȥͻ
Χһ󷨣ӦÿԸɽµļأֻǻҪСģҪҶ
ĻҶһۣȴֻܴӦ
漴ڲú֮һõĵ񣬱ٵʹѪƶķӶȥ


1889 ޳ټ࣡
ٶʩչ£ڲʮӵʱ䣬ѾѪƶ⡣
ʱ⸽ۼǧѪ֮ˣÿһʵʥҲûзɽºͰǵΣȻ컹Ĳȷ֮Ƿܹӵùɽµ˫ۡ
ǰѪƶУ־޴ѪɫҲǸղڼս֮ʱ˵ɽ¼ɱֵʱֵġΪǽ컹ʮΣա
첻ɫĲȺʵѹʥңȺֻеƫϣڻ̫˹ע
ô£ѪƶôȻֱ仯
˭֪أɺطͬƽǵõϺʹ˵ٻȻЩ˸ȥ
ʲôͻɣղҿϺʹļǵֱӽȥ
˵ʲôأϺεǿ󣿾ʲô飬Ҳһɽ
ǣǣ
ΧǽڣȴһõϢû˽⵽Щ˵棬һĿȣֱɽµҷӣ첻¶ۼü
ܿ죬ҲٶԣվԭصȺ
Ⱥ֮Уȴʱ̶ڹ۲ΧһС
һ棬ھ͸ǵѪɫô£ȡܹɽǰ档һ棬ͼѰһᣬڲעǰ½Ѫƶ
ֻûǾ޴ѪɫȴǶȻ伱ٲ·һƵģѪɫңͬ޾ˮƵģЩѪɫϵС
ô£
˶ֱ仯סˣȫ㲻׵׷ʲôҲˡ
˵ļΪУȻѪƶڴһҺ֮죬ͺֻµ̤ڵϣҵĺףҼ𺳡
ۣȴǶȻһҲüΪŹ֡
ĪǣȻйأ
ЦãȴܿΧһֺɵı飬Ψֱ˷һ˿
죬ܣ
ܰ
ʱ䣬ЩԽͱƽлŲ˾ʧһЩ΢㶵ĴԭأҲδ
ܿǾ͸ԶоҪˡ
ѪƶУǳˣһΪңǺԥĳԶܿһ̳
춨һȻЩ˾֮ǰɽ³ֺΧγɰΧȦսǣ
ÿһʵʥϣ
¡¡¡¡
𡭡
漴ƬؽѪƶǶѣ·ʱһ㣬ҪֽĺԼ޺ôҷ׷ɫ䡣
ʱУһͷͷħ޷Ӷڷɱ
ԭ׷ɱղѾܿЩˣЩȻԶʶܿǵĿȴתƵѪƶϽϡ
Ҳ֪ǲڰָʹЩħһȫһӵϣΧ٣ô͵ħޣһӶӿʶЩѪ֮˷׷ɫĽˣ
޳
ǴΨһ뷨
ﲻͬ棬Ѫռ䰡ôܻ޳֣
ұˣǴѪƶܳģȻڳ˲ѪƶɲûȥѪƶôôħ޴ڣҲһֱ޲İɣ
ĪǵѪɫ
Ҹ²⣬£ȴȥôࡣ
һͷͷħޣκһ˵Ķ֣˱һʱѪƶħͲ٣ټϻԴԴϵħ޼ҧɱУѪ֮˸˫ȭѵֲ֣˶೤ʱ䡣
Ҳǡ϶ҧֵڹͰɣ
ܣ
֪˭һѪ֮ҲҶͣķ׷׳ȥǵǸŲٵħȺ·𲻽ЩȫħԶͣµӡ
ֹ޳Уȴиʮ⣡
û죡
ȻѪȺÿÿħ޹ϮʱǶʶܿһȴԣԽԼежϡ
Ѫƶ޳ʮ֮˾Ǻӵеĳйء
Ȼ䣬һΧѪ֮˼ٴӣϾעʱȴγԶӶȥͬŲŭеħޣֻûע⵽ĳһͷħ޵ë׺ϣȴվһֻʮСɵЩɫëУ¾Բע⣬Ƕ޷֡
Ѫƶǧ׵У
Щԭ͵ʮͷħޣȴǹԹԵڵأƵҡͷԣȫ֮ɫ
Ȼһ
Цã漴һͷħ޵Ŀȥ࣬ˣ
ûࡣ
ϴͨѪƶ㣬ȥٿռɹȡռ֮׵ʱֻΪСȸ
ħޱϵİɫСҲСȸ࣡
ౡ
Ļųһɵͷſ£ԵüΪġ
СһôӼ뿪ģ
ûĽץУЦͲ谢̺;λǰģСһﻹôħһñ°
ౡ
컰еϷ֮⣬ǲָһҲʹΪ
ĽУ֮⣬ɵ㶵ʲôǾŷǰ谢ôģΪʲô
ౡ
ţзһһΧųɳԲȦ鶯ɰ
Ѫ£
ЩЦ
ȻŪ޳ȷʱռ˱ˣʱһѪ֮ؽħǴȥΪص˺ҲԸ⿴ġ
Уüͷȴʱ壬ʱչղɵ¶һĨЦݡ
ã֪ˣȻˣһʹһ뿪ʱȽǰɣף˴˷
ܼ򵥣һһͷħޡ
лʮͷʥޣʣµļ൱Ԫ׶Ρ
ʮͷʥޣÿϲֵѪռзɢγɲͬħҪĿľǲϵĽɱѪ֮ˣΪʥ޴ڵԵʣЩħ޽γɿȾһս
֮⣬Ѫƶڳֵ״Ҳסɽʩչħطļƻ
ϾνġȰڡѪռ䶼޷֤İôѪռΪħط˳ʩչ
ѪƶΪɽעĵط
Ҫ취ֹħ޴һҪѾֵЩħȫɱȻɽµħطԣ˵޿صĺ
ȻԾ޿ռеľŷȾλǰԼ谢̵ˣȻҲɽ׳ɹ
ⷽ棬ӦҲԾʱ䣬ǴõĻᡭ


1890 ˵ֲ
ڣѾǴѪռĵˡ
˴ĵ顣
屻úðᣬΪ޶ŮԵʣΪТ졣
£ҲôҶɽ£Ѫµ˸ޱȵɱģ
֮⣬ֵһ˵ľһֱռ̿طˡ
Ǳʱ䣬̵õͻƴӶɹȴҲϢһҹֱӽõмм
̶ֿ̿ȣǰδеģ
ȻõҲʮϲˡ
մ߳ȻϿʮǱȴʮ㣡
ÿһˣ֮ǰʵĻʸʸܷܷãȫصʵ磬ΪԸɽ£Ѫ²ɻȱ
⻹һ㣬صߵСȸ࣬ȴǳΪ˴ʮϲĻ飬ǼСһϵܺãÿ춼Сһǵˣ˳Է˯ʱ֮ܿ⣬ϾҲǵټ
ߣҲõǵİȫ
˵ˣ¾ֻСɵȸʵҲǲףʥ֮ˣҲκΣգ
ڴĺº󣬱רĵżŮ仳еĳơ
𿴳Ƴ˶Ӵһ֮⣬ûʲô飬Ծ벻ˣΪеԵʣʱʱԶ
ҹֻҪˣͻ޶ȥ
Ҫ֪ǰŮĿĵһӰԲ£
գһЩ嵭࣬һһ׵ιԱߵǼŮĿֱЦˮȻЦ⣬ȴԵĽ밧Թֻ쵱ʲôûˡ
ˣˣ
ƿ֣ҡͷ
Ŷٰ
Цݣƶٳһ㣡㿴϶ûԶģҪǶô죿
Ĳ˰
ҡͷŪƣ㿴㣬ջ˵أڲųԼھͲˣô࣬רŸģ˷Ѱ
˷ѣһ£
һƲ죬ŶӻĪǣҳԹĶ
˵䣬ǰԹ

켱æ๾ļڰ꣬ٺһЦ
ˣ
һƲ죬ǿʼֱԺɢ
ԴӻԺĹɣ
ÿγԹ֮󶼻ɢһһһ水ճƵĻ˵ǻҲñֺģȻ˺֮ҪͲˡ
ԴˣҲûж˵ʲôϾ߶߶ԳƱие̥Ҳкôģ
ĸ׶ľԣʱ򣬶ľػΪҺսأ
⻰ŪЦãһ飬ôȰסλԸöľض֣
ʱۣת۱Ǽչȥ
ͨ࣬ÿ춼˽Ѫռе
Ҳ֪ôģѪռ䣬ѪƶڵһжָƣħǽѪ֮˵ľٶʹҶʮֿģҲԽΪ˴ҵб
ȻأѪռвûʲôҪһЩ
һڵȴõĳʱһȴҲſʲôʱط˲ʹȥƳħط߾Բ̫࣬ΪɽʱȥרʩչطĻôضطǵжɼ谭˶ǳʧҲ˵
ƽһУʵȴҲΪĿ̵ˡ

ʱۣת۱Ǽչȥ
ļΪУڼԭ͵İٶҲجu˻ÿһ˵ʵʮĵִʥأ
ȫһ޲𣬾̥Ƶģòǵ˶ţ
ͬˣΪ˶ľͼӹȥģҲʥصʵ
˷ٶ˵Ĺ˶ʮֿģֿʵ磬Ϊ˴ĵĵط
Ҳ㣡
ϸ磬ɩӣζлˣ
߾پƱЦǸ϶ܶ࣬ǱߵҲ̫ðɣ
Ǻǣû£Ѿɩˣֻǰһ룡ֵܹ飬Ҳֵõģ
ͬЦŻص
Ȼû˵ȴ
ܹٶ˶ʱȫʥأľԲ򵥣Ҳжλϸ˼ֵĳ羴м
Ըٶ˵ӣ콫мĵףתЦϸɩ׼ؼ֮Ǳߣ
һɣ
جuһЦ漴ԵǱҶţҲõģҲûоĿĵأʱ䣬ҿǻģʱֵɱװʶҺɩӾˣ
˵꣬ȴҲǲЦ
ֱ֮ˣܹΪ꽻ֵܣ
Ҳ֮Цձжˡ
ţʼһһĺȾƣνƷ֪ǧ١ˡ
جuǱǼŮȥιطˣøֵֵܣ
ƱյУϺţ˲Ϲʱڵĸţ۽磬òֺȻڴʱԺȴⲽһΣ
ܣ˵˹ͣðŰɣЦ˵
ʵǱйģֻô˵һЩҪᣬ˺֮ĸ顣
ȻҲ˽Եʡ
ϸ磬磬Ҹǽһ£
Ц£˼򵥶ԷԽһ顣
ľݣʵϴʱѾ֪Ϊ֮ҲǵĹϵ
ĵϱֶһƹ
˾鳩Ȼȴûע⵽ϣЩ΢ɫ
һֱϣоԼȵò뿪֮ǰҲרȥݼһºجuϾ߶ǿͣټݲһȫ̬񣬵úجuһĿޡ
ǰܣˣȣ
ֺ˴һкŻ뿪
Ȼ˵Ŀȴһֱһֱ䣬ʧкŽĿ˻
񲻶ԣ
ֲˣ
һ̣ͬĵ
Ļһ֣֡ɫ֮֮ǰΪء
ϴΣҲһֵġ
ڣȻȥûκβȴһʱ俴˳
֣
Ҳ΢΢һɻĪ֮ǰѾֹ
ţ
ͷ۾ϴηԾȫ˵˳ʮֵϸҲǲüͷ


1891 쳣ȥ
һʱ䣬˶ԵЩĬ
˼ŸֿܣȻ˼Ҳղ˵ֱ˶ȡ֮ľʧòϣҲпܵģ
ˣ˭ô˭еô
Ҫ֪ݣ
Ȼһʱȴó˵ˣҲˡ
Ψһܹȷϵһ㣬Ǿп϶ڼ飬ڼݾԲһ㣡
˼ȥԾ벻ʲô𰸣ֻƵĺһƣЦѡ
ϸ磬ҲȵòˣȺúϢ
˼֮
ã
ͷûж
뿪󣬱Ǿֱ뿪֮䣬쵹Ҳ̫ҶǾԵԼˣ
ҪȥĶȻΪݵĲͬҲȷȥԼҲ⣬뿪ӰǳǳСãҲΪС
ҹ»صԼרԺС
ɫأұȻüǼŮǲü΢
磬ôˣ뷿£Ů赹ˮʵ
磡
ӹ豭˿ڣڽ˵һ顣
ûղȷȥٻָһ¾񣬵ķ֣ϴεļһģһΨһıԵñϴθ㲣ΪƺͻָҲ١
ô˵ҪԸ磿
ǼŮ΢䣬Ѫµ𣿡
Ѫ£˭
ڱϽӿڵ
ôһӣأ˵ȫش
ʮ֮˾ţͺجuǰģҲѪµǸˡ
˼Ȼܹ׵ض֣ôɱҲɣ
ˣҲʱᴦǸ˵вУ
ǲܹĽҳ¾ضܰȫˣ
ǽô죿
ü΢ȻΣѱеΣ˭Ҳ֪˵׻᲻ɱ֣
ֻܰ
ЦŻص˾򵥣ҪСģ³Ǽ֮⣬ȲҪˣݾߣ
š
Ůͷȴֹһæʵ磬а취ˣ
ûһһǼȻζ֣˵еΣҾþ͸ɴʱעüɣҡҡͷ˵

˱죬ûٶ˵ʲô
ŮȻҲˣܿǸԻط˯ȥˡ

ڶ죬جu뿪ˡ
ڴȥδԼҲֻһ仰ֻҪҪʱԻæ
һ㣬Ҳʮָм
ļʱ䣬һжԵüΪƽҲ֪ϵ׷ʲôֻǾЩ֣Ϊ⼸յĹУ켸ֻҪпձһ
üѯʣ춼δԣԼҲֻܿЦ죬Ҳãһвٵ⣬ʵ緽沢ûеõ̫ĵ뾭飬ȴܹߺܶ·ҲŲɺӵЧ
ף
գӲصʱȴǺͣס˽Ų
ԶмڷĿ⣬Ȼ΢΢һ
ôˣɻʵǿʲôԾ
磬ߣȥ
ҡҡͷδ˵һͬ󷨵ڴ
вٵмطҲˣǰմǱ߻Ķľͼ۵һٶˡ
ϸϸĹ۲ţɢϸϸڵһб仯
Ϊǲ֮˵ԵʣĴ˷̽鲢ûյκε谭ڼӺɫȴԽȵķԼ󷨾ȻкüظĶˡ
÷棬ûм쳣ĵطȴемλЩͬһĳʱڵϣл۳һ֮ʱһصĿռ֣ͨתУռͨһʲôطԼҲȷϡ
ֻ˵ȻûмصĸĶȴԸռͨһṩ䣬֮Ǹطƺм󵱳ԴƵġ
ջؾһ˵󣬺ȴǾ첻ѣô󷨵ƿߣѵܹĹ󷨽иĶ
ǺǣΪʲôأ
΢΢𣬵ȴԳ
⡭
һ֪ϾͲóʱͬɶаͷԡ
˶ٺֵܣҪȥĻܸĵĻ𣿡
ȷӦӰ첻ԻȲظĶˣ
ҡҡͷص
ô˵Ҳٶԡⷽ棬϶ͨ١ҲûбҪȥģҲԭˣ
߰ɣ磡
ǺһЦһͬ뿪ˣԶһЩȴֺŤͷٴοмһۣһĨЩζЦݣƺʲô
һ죬ŻصԼԺ䡣
ȻصɲǣȴԵĸоЩԾȥʵôˣ
磬硭
ܹĸ첲۾ǲĵ磬߿
ˣ
һʲôʱ¶
磡
ӿڵ̺죬ȻȻ˵ҪͼҴҵ뿪ˣͷһкʱ䶼ûУ
ܼ𣿡ʵ
֪أ̵ӣȷЩżٴλص
Ǻǣô
ЦЦһĨâ漴£ְѷԷ̿϶мҪ죬˵ģѹˣˣ϶ģ
𣿡
ҧ촽۾е˸
Ȼģ
찲οŵǷôɰһģ
ǽ֤һĻټ⽫У÷ܿƽҲ¸ֳ˿ĵЦݡ
̵ĺȻȥ˵ƺûжĳԾ
Ͼ̵ݺǴҶͬռУȷҪȥ졣
ֻ˵ˡ
Ϊ˰ǼŮһͬСѾͷһһֱȵ˯ʱ򣬴ŸԻطϢ
һսһȥ˳ƵķУḧųͦŵĴӣǲҸЦݡ
硭
ȻȴĿڽе
ôˣһæǲԶˣ˵ɣʲô
㵱ǷͰ
ûĶһۣһºȴĿ죬ǲʲô£Ǹˣߡ̵ģ


1892 ɽµ̸Уŭ
УųƵʻһжȻð
ԭڳƶϵҲһҲĬ˲١
̣
Ƽڣ˫·ԿƵġ
϶Уֻͷ
Ƶһԥ漴ò˵Ǹ˻̰ɣ
Ҳ֪
Цҡҡͷ漴мֵ˳óƲü΢Ҳ˵̾Ǹ˰ɣ
ֹЩһǸĵλϸо̵ĲдϢ
⡭
磬ҲȥģϢ֣ǲԼˣ
ϣɣ
쳤̾һǲ֪˵Щʲô
Ƽ״Ҳ죬ֻԿЦӦԡ
ʶѾʱˣڼҲ˴Һܶİ
ԶĲ˵˵ǽġ
طܹ֮ٵͻأǸռҲǹû
ټϹȥ֣߳ƣĵײԸţǸѪµˣ
ˣ

Ҫȥǣ
һѪռ䣬ѪƶС
ɽ£ɫЩɡ
Ϊʲô
ɽۣǺôĵӣȻҷųôħޣŪ޳ɱ£ҿǻòͷˣ
˵䣬ɽɱȻѪƶеѪɫϢøӿ
Ϣŭ
¼æˣڿɲȴǰǱѾˣҪʲôҲ
û˵꣬ڼɽԽݣ±漴տڲԡ
Ҫǣ˭߱Ŀռ֮ף£㲻ضԣ֮ǰķԸȥ죬£Ҫʩչħطɽ
⡭ǣˣһеģ
Ϊ¹ϵĲٶԣܿıǹ˳ȥ
ɽԼĳһֱͨУʱһصʯС
ʯ춼֪ġ
ɽµһӡ£ĸֱͬܿںһγһɫâɽǰʯϲתܿЩâԳһĻĴڡ
ɫĻУֳȴ޿ռʥѩɽɽ۵ĻĿһͷͷħ޻ǱܣǷ裬Եޱɿ֡
һеɽ£Ѫɫ˫Ϊ䣬˫ȭţҪƵġ
ҳ
ɽ˫ֿӡѪâֱӴǰɫĻУĻʱͬˮưӿŰһŮľŵӰȻ֡
Ļᾪ㵵ķֵ֣ľŵӰǱˣ޿ռľŴޣΪϤȻǱΪβƷľŷǰˡ
Ѫ֮
ŴƢΪ϶ĿʨĿҧŭ㻹˼ֵܣ
ܣ
ΪѪϴѪüͷһ壬ס˳Ŀ󣬳ɽµԵʲô¾Ϳ˵ûµĻǣ
ʲôҵĿռ֮ף죿ɽǿŭʵ
Ŀռ֮ף
ŷﵱЦɽ£Ҳ˼˵ռ֮ʲôʱˣ
㡭
ŷĻɽѪɱһңǲСӣ
ƾʲô㣿
ŷٴЦΪǿռ֮׹ͨҵΪкǲŲòίȫڣƾʲôԸǣĪǣΪ㲻ɣ
ŷ
ɽº޵ҧҧ˵ģڿռ֮ױȡ޷޿ռ䣬вŴ޵ıǮȫûˡ
ҪǾ޳ټѪռͷħ޶Ѫ֮˲ϵɱɽһֵġ
ʩչħط˵Ƕսʱ򣬾Ŵ޻Դ޿ռڶħͨѪƶɽüֺ󣬲ҾŴ̸еľ
ˣɽ£ϻˣ
Ѫǰһޱڿռ֮˭޹أҲȥǾ仰ûµĻͱǣҲûϻ

ɽһǿн㱬ŭѹƻȥѪҲЩԨԴ޿ռ򻥲ɣҪǵһ仰
ʲôѪʵ
ʲôʱ򣬲ҪԣҪʱңǿѡطΪǵĵ̣ҲԶ췢ģһ˫˳ɹҾֶԸǣɽ³
򣿡
ɽ⻰Ŵ漴һ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ˽һЩѪµҰģ׶ȴš
һθڣҲδ̫һЩɣ
ôͬ⣿
ɽüëһҲΪУźúúòҪŪ˫̫ȻӦѪϹʱڴĺƶûǣ
⻰Ȼʮƽев֮ȴǲԶ
˼
Ѫʼ磬صûʸ˵ЩѪº˲𣿡
ѪҪѪΪУɽɫһ
ΪԼô˵Ѿ㹻ˣɾȻû뵽ǻ˶Ȼľܾɽ¸ΪŭĿҲ漴޾ɱ뺮â
ΪΣ
϶ĿٴαԿƼˣֵܲһг㶯ԣ𣿡
㡭ǡ
Ŵ޵ĿųͲмʹɽɫ˲䡣
Ҷ˵ʲô
ҪľŴһ֣ټЩˣɽ»ĲöԸ
ȻһһһɽоԵţһˣټЩʵͼΪףҲֲ˺á
˵ģãܺã
һɽҧͷϣǲҪڣ
£ɽֱһ֣ɫĻ˲ʧʯٴαû谵ɽԼȴǾֱŤͷߣŤΪŭԵʣϸѪӿȻѾǵ˱ŭıԵ
Žͨ»صѪƶ㣬ɽ̲סˣ

ŭһɽ·ƵĽѪâݺݳܵʯϣʯѡ
ѪɫΧϳ֣ҪɱһƵĲŭʹԭߵĲѪ֮˱ŪüֱӱˣЩ˸ͷβٿһ
ֱŭʮӣѪɫʧɽµıҲ΢ƽһЩ
Χɽһ˦֣Ǿֱ뿪ˣ˵ű̲καԹ֮ԡ
ɽµȥʲô˵֪˿ѪƶУЩѪ֮㿴ңģֱߵ˼㡭


1893 ͮƣ֮
޿ռʥѩɽϣɽصɫĻ󣬾Ŵȴ໥һЦ󣬱һͬɽ۵ĳԺ仺ȥһ·Ϸ׷׳ʾŶɽµĲɱ
ʱԺȴΣ
ڳĻᷢòģΪ¹ĻƣԼ֮ʱʶ衣
ڵӰȻûмòҲһЩϴѪռǡѪɷǡʱҲǴ˰гȡ
ͮ꣡ǸˮˮҵŮӡ
ͮͻΪʲô˿֪
ƻ˵һЩͲ࣬ͮأѵҲ
С㣬㵽Ҫʲô
¸𾪵ƶͮĳƺ
Ϊ¹ӵŴķѪټѾ޲ΣȻáС㡯ƺֱͮ꣬һ˼顣
ͮͻ֮⣬ŵƺϰûʲôúֵĵط
Ҳ֪
ͮ˾죬޳ָ豭һڣЦĳְ磬ֻ
˵䣬ͮƤһЦô㲻᲻ӭҰɣ
ӭôܲӭأ
ЦЦͮǳ硣

ͮСƵЦʱԺĴҲƿŴ롣

ȥһкͮҲɵĽүү̣ȻоŴֵǰ׺ڻɵŴ޼˿ûΪķѪκεĸ߰
ħ޵ȦУʵҪء
ȻѾΪޣŴ˵ȴԾҪ˲٣
ѾͷѾĻɽֱˣ
ŷǰסͮС֣ЦŵѾͷ˰ɣ
ллỵ̂ŶŶмλүүллŶͮһЦ鶯֮
ѾͷôأҪȥ磿ûǰɣŷʵ
أ
֮ͮʱһ죬ҵǶȥģλǽŹүүǵĻᣬ͵͵ȥһɩӣǿɰֶŮ
˵棬ͮ꾹ǺЩûûεЦᵽǸֶŮܿġ
˵
ŷ۾һͮȴЦ򴽵ͷʱֻŷλ޶׷¶ЦݣͻҲˡ
ǽҪʲô𣿡ŷֵǿ϶ΪãȻĳְһЩСطҲδɣ
Сط
˾ŷĻͮʱ۾һŷĸ첲Ƶ˵̣˵ʲô˼˵˵ۣ
һû
ŷҡҡͷǵͮ겻ʧľ˾죬漴ŷȴЦٴԵղɽµĻģаܹ򣬶ҪԸĿ꣬϶Ҳ׵壬ԲⷽѰһЩط֣Σ
ǵ˵ˡ
ͮԣȴǱ죬һίӡ
ģΪĻ˵ŷЦŵ
İ̫ÿ
ͮʱüЦžŷ첲ԽһЩ
˺ˣ˵ɣ⣬ȥ׼һԵģɱǵĴѾͷŷЦ
õģ
ͷ˳ȥ
ʱԺУҲ׷˵Լ뷨ʱ»ˣһЩʳǸͮͻһζ͡
̸ԽңӸ˼ִֵܳЩѡʺǳֵСطͮͷ
ʼնЩģϾɲϣΪǵóȻֶԼĸٴֻأ񲻳ǧˣ

֮ϣƲ֮ۡ
һﻨ㣬ƮռС
һŮӰ໥ӵһǰչֳͬĻĻ棬ǾǿЦá
Ψһɫװ磬ıԵн˿Ȼͨ죬һ˫ȴ·ԶڤƵľڡ
ͮѾͷ
ӿЦҡҡͷǳ磬оŷﰢҲǣȥ׳⣿
ʱˣҲӦòʲô˰ɣ磡һϮɫȹŮӣˮ˵
ʲô⣿
ûǸ翪ڣһɫȹŮȴֱ˵Ҹ㣬Сĵ㣡
⻰һ˿ĽһοЦŮȴһЦͬٻһ㣬жˡ
˺ˣҲ˻𣿡
˫־ٸͶ״ȫΡ
ȻڼѾ˰һеʵԼİĸӣջֻѡͷ
ĸ飬ǿɲǼ˵˵ô򵥡
ҪҲȥȹŮٴԵ
飡׺ͮڶǱߣˣ߾ǷͱǵһҲǲǸջˣǰȹŮͷ˵
ŮҲ׷׵ͷЩȲ˼
Уڻȥʱ򣡡
ȴüҴӦǣһȥһߣֻܵʱ
ҪʲôʱŮЩʵ
˵˵
̧ʣ·͸ƿ޾籼ڵĻ棬ɵñҲ֮ĬһЩ
У˿ԵüΪӣԵĸһʱ侹ʲô˵
Ŷˣ
֪ȥãӻع漴ֵأаû˰ɣ
ǡ
ŮԶʱɫһͣӼ״ȴЦŵɴ˫ۣǸòңĵܵ͵͵ܳȥûɣ
磡
ȹŮûĵڶôˣȥ洳ҲӦõģʲôΣգǲǻѵܿźǳ£

ӿЦãֻ̾˰ˣȻǾȥɣСӣ̫ˣҪϴֱضһۣ
İɣ϶׵ģ
Ů׷׵ͷӲٶʲô
ˣ磡
ȻɫȹŮʵҼǵõ׺ƮƮ飬˵ʱǰɣ
Ŷ
ŮҲ۾һͲ֪ΪʲôҪ׺ƮƮһ˼ƮƮΪһֻܹ֮תžŰʮһΣ˵˵Ƕĸ飿һȻֹǣ
ǿŮ˯֮ã磬˵˵ɣ⵽ô£
ɻȥҪǲǽ˵ǻ㲻ߣ
Ůڣ
ˣ֪ˣ
˺һ̧̧֣Ц֪Ĵ𰸺ܿˣ£ʱҴȥ˰ɣ


1894 ̸ħ
޿ռ֮ϵΣһ֪
УŰԽԽ¶ȣԼħ֮£·뺮į}ˣıص˼㡣
һڵռ䣬ﶼܵħµӰ죬͸˵ˣֱеΪ֮ľڡĩռ١ĴԲʤö٣ʹڵĲ˶׷˼Ŀֻš
⣬ҲԽ˲ɧң
˵طˣ¾ϣ⼸ʱ䶼ʮɱ뱻ɱ¼¾֮˼ʱ֯ЩѪ¼ȴԾɲϵš
򣬾ͷ·ƬһӰ
˵̶̲ʮյĹ򣬱Ѿ˼Ļңɱ¼ûֹͣ䲻˸Լ˶ŹνÿѪϾ
쿴һд˷۶Ϣɫ
Ƭ̣Щ϶ܵħµӰ죬󣡡
Ҳôģ
ףЦ˵ҵƢо仵˺ܶ࣬ǲܿƵķŭ
õĽ취Ƶħ£
˫һ̯εǵûȫɹڳ֣ɹҲͣңɽǱҲ˵ãһҪǼʩչħط˵Ǽ˶⵽ǰδеķɣ룡
ħ£ǳ˵ġ
˽ǰĻֻǽŽɣȻ
Ȼô˵ˣô϶ǿԳɹģ
ΨһǵɽǱ߻֣ϴѪռ֮УȻ˾Ŵħеɲǻߣɽ¼Ȼܹǣ˭ָ˵ڶʱµħأ
ĻңҲ˲С鷳
һһĻؽɲɹӰ죬ɽµҰĴȥһЩԼҲһ񲻾͸ӵıˣ
ܣ֮ڸô죿ʵ
԰꣡
˼Ƭֻ̣˵ĸŪЩЦá
˶٣ڳѪ֮⣬Ҫ˱ȶΪħṩĲˣƶ˵ϣÿһεɱ¾ħ²һ˿Ȼ٣ɻٳɶһǽҲѣ
ţѾƽܺȻȫסɽԼΧӦܹһƿУͷӦ
һ㡭
һ£ջʵ磬⼸ûиоʲôʵĵط
ʵĵط
ҡͷûаôôʣ
ûоͺã
첢δͣڴͬʱҲ˱Լ
ðɣ֪ˣ
Ȼ˵Щ˼Ǻܿĵ˵ͷ
漴ֺһЩ飬뿪

ҹɱħռݡ
򣬶ȫħµɭ»ַΧС
硭
úǶ˯󣬼Ůߵ¡
飬ѣˮͦŴӵĳơ
ôˣȥ˯ʵ
ô˯ţ
ָָͷЦÿһ϶ǰһҹҪܸܶ࣬оûô򵥣ǲãħ³˱ø֮⣬λúʲô𽥸𣿡
ţ
ĻѡԼˮŮ׷ͷħȥ΢һ㶺ҲˣΨг֪һ㣬ΪжԳӤʵϣչֳһĨЦ

ŮҡҡͷֳȥҲȫףֻһͷˮ
ΨгƣȴڿЦ֮Եʵ˵Ĳû´ĻӦħطем׶ΣڼʵɽԳֻ֣Ҫͷֱħطʩչɹ
ղ˵ʲô˼ʵ
ħµĺģ
Ҳ˵ϴβ˵ʩչħڼ䣬ǳ֡
ǰڲҲ𣿶ˣǼħǡͷӦ
ħħǣػħµħǣ
Щأħмģȴһħطȫʩչɹʱ򣬱Ƭʱ鲼ɫǣÿһŶħ֮ħƬʱ̣

⻰ôҲɵóĬһЩ
ٴʵ˼˵һЩɫǳ֣൱ħµķ
˼ɣͷ
ǵҪֹɽʩչħطЦ
˵˵ȥؼģ
Ҫȥ̸ֹף
ڵΡ
ͷʵħ£ɽǱӦѾӿٶȣң¾͡
û˵꣬е˼ȴס
£ħطҪȫʩչˡ
Ҳ˵ǵֻµʱ䣡
ʲô
ںܶʥ֮һıչض²ֹʱ䡣

һʱ䣬ųƵĻҶ׷׳Ĭ
գǻǻطϢȥˣ벻ʲôõİ취
ڶһ磬ȥһ˶ľأ˵һһʮĸ֪𣬶ľԼʸλλıޱѿ
֮⣬컹ἰ˹μ䱻ȡȴ֪øɫˮ
ףֵĿ϶ǸѪˡ
ֱɸ㲻˵ľݣôﶼǼΪϾֹͷѪ˵Ĵھڲһըʱпܻᱻ
ڶľһ㼱ҴҵĻǰһԣֹ˻г֡
ңļʱУһжΪĹ£Ҳûκεӣ֮Ǽÿ춼˵ȷҪ˺ܶࡣ
ħ֮£¾ڰ죬Ҳò˵ĸ󣬻ΪָܶС¶֣໥ɱ¾
ҪֹҲǲܵģϾô࣬Ҳ˲
ת۱ʮʱȥ
ʱ֣죬ȴǺȻһĿŤͷмķȥһֱΪǣڴʱȴչֳһĨЦݡ
Щ΢æܣǲʲô·ĪƶҪˣ
ô죿̥ʮ£ż°
ЦãǷǿҪˣ磬ȥ
ãǿȥ
ҲǶʱϲæһͬмķȥ
ȷܼ
ǰѾ˽⵽˹ħط飬Ҳ֪طƿص֮ƵħطĹؼڣ˵طǼأܹأ


1895 Ӱ֣
غɽҲмڵɽ֮ʱɽѾɫâ֣ϴ˷۶
֮ɫľ
׻֮Ľɫ
֮ĺɫˮ
ԼϷȸ֮ĺɫ
⡭
ľ첻ѣȴչֳʱûйĲЦݡ
硭
ְ֡
ʦ磩
ʱǼŮԼСһﶼȫˡ
֮⣬Ϊܵ˵ӰԵʣ֮Ҳ׷׸ϵߣһıŹڳĻǿ»Ϊǰɽе󷨳ʲôأ
ԽԽΧۼǣļ򣬳ʹһɫ
ĵͷŤôҸԻȥ
λԼķԸȻκ飬¾ǶڵӺ棬ȴҲҶͣʱۼǱѾ뿪ʱҲֻʣ죬Լˡ
Ҳһ뿪ģɼŮȴ˵ʲôҲߣֱЦãҲֻԶԣɲǰڳʲôļ
ʵ
ʺϵĲ죡
ֻΪ̫ϳϣټ֮ڼͳǰôᣡ
ҲǸмѣ
ôֵӣ
ǣСС֣ǰɫâĴڣɵü΢
˳֮⣬ڵ˾ˡ
ⲻʲôֵģһʱûףɵ
ʲô󰡣
һƲ죬˵㿴ɫɫɫϷȸǺɫͰɫִʲô˵Ǳ׻ӦˮԵɫͽԵĽɫɣ
ǰҲطʩչ֮ȴûмɫɫЩ
ô˵أǴƵģԵͬ
Ļ˷׷׵ͷҲˡ
ΨͳƶһۣЩЦá
ȻûǿڻشȴǺȻȵ汿֮أǰǼģģ

ĻôҾЩ㵣ȴͷߣһɣӣ˵˭أ
㣬ߺߣ
ǰһͷȻѾ˴ȴûʲô仯
״ʱצɿС֣˹ȥһʱ˱һңģЦڶĴ˿
Ҳҿղ֮뿪ˣȻ֣֪Ҫأ
ˣˣ
ЦõֹŮ漴εһҡͷʵղ˵ĵȷǡ
Һܱ
û˵ָ꣬ԼıӣԲʵ

һԶԡ

ҲǷ׷ЦŪ߷ߣ޺޵ԭض˶š
˺ˣ
ȥС֣˵֮
ߺߣ
ǣȴûٴζԣĻ
ģ⣬֮
΢΢һЦ֮һ飬ôûȻ
ɫı֮ɫ׻֮ôֵӡֹ
ʲô
ٴЦЦ˵ʵҸղ˵Щ֮⣬һ壡
壿
˾һƶϸϸš
ԶӦľ𡢽ˮֱΪϡĸ׶ΣҲͱʾ޵УеǿǿϣޣĸĹ̡컺͵
ޣ
ҾǻȻҲ˼ЦŵͷĿŨŨ⡣
أ
˴ŰʱңȻɽӿǵĿעУ࣬죬ڣĵ޴Ĺһ㣬κһ˶ܹҪȴǿѹǼ˶һЩ
𡭡
ţĵĸͬӰ֣Ƕ׻ϷȸԼ䡣
ʵһ㣬ĺôѪӿ
ýţ
ֲһ֣ͬʱԵǷѾ֮Ӧò˶ãǾҪˣ
⻰ŴӾ͵л
ʱһһĹȥȴǺĲüͷһ壬ô
ôˣæʲô𣿡

üҡͷָǰڰвϷתӰԵӰЩȶ׻䣡
磬橺ܷܷɣ
᲻Ǳʲôˣ
֪
Цҡͷ漴˫һе֣߳Եȣȥȥ
£û˵ʲôڿգһ˲ȥɽϷ
ڸոյִɲǣһĿŲͬɫӱڷľ飬飬Լˮ顭
ĿӳԺ󣬱ǷֱɵǶϷȸ׻ԼӰͷϿգĿ£ɢͬԵŨٵע뵽Ӱ֮УղŻȶ׻뱱Ӱȴ˲˺ܶ࣬ڴʱ˿̵ӰǶųʵ廯ķչת䡭
ǰһĻɽǿ䲢ûôֵĿɿڴ֣֪˵ʲôã
оֻһͷ죬Ǽ̫ϳϣ
ʱ仺ȥӰͬʵʰӣҾּȴٴüͷΪʼվԾɺ˵ʲôѾܹ˵ˡ

ĬƬ̣ĿӵȴͬʱԺͷתؿһӡ漴ȳ֣
ûǻ
ʹطǼȡʱҲĻ˳ҲΪ֮ȴÿԷûǴȥһЩ
ν¾˰ɣ
һ콫ɽȶȫ֮УͨĿƣи·ط˵ɵ΢΢ףӡ֮ӿٵû뵽Ӱ֮Уͬʱ֮תγĸͬԵ򣬽ط˷ֱ˸ԶӦУ
Ϊ磿
У
Ȼ컹ûгаأΪ飬Լ֮ǰ֮ԵʣԿƻ֮תȻҲˡ


1896 غ
ǰɽȣΪʩչ˻Եʣ·ֱӴӴʧһ¾ʵĳƣȴҲͬܲǸɽȵĴڣ˵ɽеطȼˡ
ʲô
գգۣǺʵ
˭֪أô϶ĵ
ḧŴӣЦǾűǣӦò˶ãǾͻˣһϲ
ϲ
ųƵĻҾЩ΢㶡
Ҳûٶʲô˱ǾصȺǳȥ΢ͽͣϾӰֵ󣬵ȷ˲ٵע⡣
Ĳȥͣ˭
ʱ˻ǰɽɿһۼвЩǡ
ȥôˣʲôɣü
˻һҲһЩģȻڶΣҲδ˵ʲô
ְֲŲأ
ֱ˵ϵСԼͬǴҲ׷׵ͷһչֳľΡ
ԣ϶£
صͷ
ֹȥ˲ĸʱɫѾ׻谵
Ӧõ˳ʱ򣬿ɴǸ飿˵ˣǵʵ˵һٲˣ첻ԷҲκӰ졣
˵ԷֻһʳḶ́Ŀ⡣
ŴŴš
Ȼ䣬ǰдһĦ
ȻΪ΢ȴ˵һʱȫע⵽ˣֻǲԼͬŤͷǰȥĿڴ뵣ǣӲѣ
ء
ţձ֮ڶĴҹ֮Уħ֮£Եǰ
£֮˶ܹһɣ
ְҪ
Ŵ۾˵ڳΪ֮һ
Ȼڻ²ãſձ֮Ȼǿ֮ʧҲһɲǼ両ֶһֵͬĺȻطˣֱոԲͬԣΧϥĸͬķλ
Ϊط磬ΪʸʸܷܷϷΪ񽣣Ƕľ
עǣϥ棬ȴŲͬӰʵһչ֡
طȻһצľ֮䲻ϵѭطǱ˫ĿȴӿΪǿѹ
ʸʸܷܷ׻ȸԼľ䣬ͬطһΣΨһͬıɢϢԼֽȻͬɫˡ
ƯŶ
˸⣬ɫʵѤõȷǼΪƯ˼̲סһ޶Ŀ
ְʲôѽ㣿СһҲ֮ʵ
ְֿ϶ڰ£
ָͷϵһԹϱģЩɸ֡˼ôҲһݸ
˿̵죬Ҳȷ˵ǰڰطˣͬʱΪӰԵʣȴҲܵ˲Сĺô׼ȷ˵Ӧڳͻƣ
ȻطǶˣȴһֱɽɽգӰУԶε״̬һУڻʱţ޲
Խǿħ»Уܵ¶ȼֻͣҶʮֹǵ״ּĻȴûʲôоһ㣡
ҹʱôȥ
һֱȵʱʱֵԭӿȴȫȻʧѾûطڣԭӿѵƣ·ͻĳƵٴμ
ͬʱӿӰʼںϡ
ںϵһ˲䣬ͬʱ˫ۡ
أ
û
Ǿ״ֱ̬ӴؿأҾޱȶ뵣Ļʲôͻƴĺ֢
֮⣬ǻһ޴ĺô
Ǿ˶ڸԵ֮˸ε˽򣬾֮ͬǰûϳ֮׻֮ĺڰ׶ɫһ
ˣ˵ڵĴˣܹȫƿغ֮
ɲǼ䣬ϵҲǼôڿϲеطǼæ˵Ǳߡ
塭
һʱܵطǰǻϲĵϲŶ
Ǻǡлл
֪仯طˣҲûʲôȡ
أҲȷֵùϲѾˣ̫ϳˣ˵Ȼվ۷壡Ȼ۷ؽֹ
ˣӣ
ʵղ絽ЩʲôУҲͻ𣿡
ղŰҲҿ켰ʱ֣ȻǼҲڵҡ
ط׼ش𣬺úõغʹ˵һ˵ʱȴǺɫͬʱһ䣬ͷϿյƷЩиŵ˵粻ƣֲѹ˲ϣ
׽٣
أһһ
ÿһصͻƣ׽ٽ٣
δأڼؾĲ࣬׽ٱض򵥣
Ȳ˵ˣ
ط糯ʹһɫæ˵ˣȥطɽ٣Ӱ죡ˣŶˣǷģСû£
˵꣬˱㲻Եֱ뿪һЦˡ
˵뿪ǼܲƬʵĽҲ֮ʧǣȴǺܿٴν߷ǰϣһ̫ΨֻӰ쵽ͻơ
ڣֹȥ˲һʱȻϥ״̬վƼӿͷϿһƷۣǿֲ·һĩյĸоôҵĺ·ƵģһɫȻ˼㣡
磬飬ǿߣ
Ȼ˶ϣԵЩ١
µɲǣһ޴ն£ݺݵϣһȴҲܿ
ʱҲ׷һȻΪģǺܿ찴ĻԶ˲١
ȻҲɹע
֮ǰأڼȻ׽ٵˣô˵ѾصʵȻǰҪɹĶɹ׽٣Ȼ˵ˣǰδеΣϾһһɲô˵˵ģ
䡭
һ׽ٷ䣬·ƬҹնȫƵģϣһصǶһ֪ж˯бѡ
ǼŮҲǵ֣Ͼصⳡ׽٣֮֮ǰѶϸͬն
飡
˵УȴۣǿгǰʮȴǶȻһڻ˳
˵ĹȥΪ׽еЩ磬õ̲֮
ǰ׽ٵľ飬׽֮Ҳͬ⣬˴˵ȾٶȴԽǣһӡ


1897 ֮ǰ
ʱʱ䣬ʶЩˣص׽ٲǽ
أ쵽ˣ
ְ֡
ɢǰɽϿֱӷǼɿ˹ȥ
ȻзСˡ
СһյǰȻûж˵еĵǺͽţȴ˿١
İɣûµģ
ǺһЦֱļСһԴֳǵܵȥ˯ȥⶼһҹȥˣ˯
ã
ԹԵͷǣССһ֮һһͷĻȥˡ
ʱҲŽŮԼ
ĿڳϣҪ׼˵ʲôȴֱӴϵһȥȥҲ˯ţ

ԣʱЦһ¡
ɱϾ֮ҪĻڵĺӶá
ųǼᶨӣҲ֪ôȰ˵ֻܿЦʼ硣
磬ôȻͻˣ
ʱʳ⡣
֮İ
ǺһЦʵ֮ǰҲû뵽ȥǵæţʩչ֮ǵ֮ҵĻγһѭҺ֮һศɵЧԲǿεͻƣ

ƶǶĵͷȴ˼ԵĻС硯֣˵һˣУ
Ȼ֮УʵȻ߿ô˵ﶼеķ룬ûκ˻ܹ룡
ĻԳһռ䣬ܹͬศɵЧҲ֮е飡
ƽ˵ţȻЩףȴǲ̫⣬ҲûٶʲôΣĳɹͻأҲһʮֵ˷ܿĵ飡

ڶʱ֡
ط磬񽣣ľʸʸܷܷ»ˡ
ǾȵӣȻҹ׽Ѿ԰ȫĶɹÿһѾﵽأҲѹִӻڣϵЦݾͼûʧ
磡
ү
ܣ
죡
˸ֳƺֱ֣£Цϲڵǣǿĳˣ
صʵֻһ棬ҪģѾܹƿ֮ڱҪͷֱֳܹӰڸʵҲõԾʽ
⣬Ҳ֮ǰ˵ǡħ¡ĸڣ
Ⱥȱ裬Ե㶫
΢΢һЦԸ˵裬˵Ҳȴֱӽ豭ϣǽľƺ«ȡཹཱུĹ˺ô󼸿ڣֱһ޾Ʋľƹ쿴ĿЦá
һӵĸָ㣬ǳԵһɶ
죬˵ɣǽҪʲôǲǿʼĶˣطʵ
ĻҲ׷׳ȥ񽣶ƺ«±䣬ĦȭһȲģ
а𣿡췴ʵȻʵģħ£
ҪôʲôǶû⣡ط˵Ҳԥĵͷͣʮ㡣
ǲͻƣϢɣ֮ƶ̸ǣ˵
ˣ磡
ʸܷܷʱԵ״̬ܺãһ㶼ۣ
ۺͲۣ
һһҪʱȥ׼ƶǱҲͬҪʱģ

⻰˹ϵĲٶˣֺ˵һỰŸ뿪

а𣿡
ģѾˣҲҵأսҲʱˣңǾԲɽ½ħطʩչɹ
ȻǺãһȥ⹫һ¾ƻܹˣȡܹ׽Ѫκλ
ţ
μ򵥵ĶԻͨڶľصȡϵ֮ʱ˵
ҲʱУƳ֮⣬ȴԽ̵طǹڡħ¡ľһǲϵؽʾÿһҪ޴©Ȼвغض롣
ǼŮǼ˶ûгȥ棬ͬԳƿеĻʱʱҲʳһЩóƸǲħ³֣ҲһջҲʮֲˣ
⣬ϵһȻԡ̫ϳϡݣܹ߼ʱ׼ţһչѪµƣôЩҪΧ붯֣ؽеѪ֮ȫɱնݳһ
ǵĴ֮ˣȻĸĸ׶ľԼ
Ͼô˵Щֻ˵ˣ˭Ҳұ֤ڲûѪµˣøĸȥ죬Ҳ쾭һ˼֮žġ
ˣǻΪ죬һѪռأʱǸӵΣգ
֮⣬аɷǱҲԻȥһˣԪϵȥľǱ׼Ͼ쾫ҲǵΪ֮ʱˡ
ڶҹ§ŴӵĳƾڴϣǸḧź֮Ѫϱ鲻Խ¶ޱȲõЦݣܰѡ
Ҳ΢ЦԵüΪҸ
磡
ַڸϣ˼Ƭ̣Եʲôʱ𣿺ͼϵˣ
ʱ仹ûüǱٺ˵
ƶҪĻһ㣬һ㲻»ǻǰһ
˵ǸˣƵ㻹ڻ
Ҳ룬ɡ
Цҡҡͷɵ̾һ
磬취߳˼˵
Ŷʲô취ʲôˣ˵
ҡ֪
죬˫ڴУȴȻҡҡͷŪһûͷߣֱۡ

⸱ģƷЦˣͬСŮƵģЦñж࿪ġ
ƶ㰡ͶɣЦõĵ
ˣЦˣ
һЦСַĴϣ΢Ƭ̺żȣǱҪǸΪʲô֣Ŀĵʲô
ǸҵĶ򰡣
ʱӿڵߣ֪ĺҲ࣬ʵȴҲһЩʵֶ󣡡
ԣǲƾͼƣ
ƳҪô͸һټ٣
ҪôԶʱæʵ
㣬㡭
Ц֮ȴǵ˵Щʲô۾Ź⣬漴ȴЩԥƶҪһɵǸˣôһ΢ʧ󣬿ûֹܹ˰ɣ


1898 ʮ
һҹʱȥͳƵ˵ڳԹ緹֮鼸Ů˵һȥط署˽ϵļƻŽطһͬ˲뿪
˵ˣ¾طڵʵ磬ɽµı𣬷µ棬Ҳʲô̫Σգ´򲻹Ҳǿ϶ܹȫܵġ
磬ʲôһ·˲󣬻ʸܷܷ̲סеĺ棬ʵ
Ǻǡ󣡡
ЦЦص
󣿡
⻰˾һ
󷨴ң֮ϵΪһﶼȫ޷ȼ磡
Ҫôǳʲô
ε󷨲ͬѰҪ֮ң
ҲûԵ
Ŷã
ŻȻĵͷҲûٶʲô
ȴż뿪˵أ˫ĬĬļ
Ҳûţվ󣬵Ⱥʱпİš
ڼ巽λʮӵļȴֲ΢ͬʱЦ˼ҡͷѪ֮ЩλѡľȻһ
ʲôһʵ
ҺǼ˵һ˵
ȥ֪Ӻδһ֦ܿڴǰһԵͼ
ǰԣ
ʸ橿ڵĪҪõľ԰Ϊ󷨣

ͷʸܷܷȴǺĵףλôеϤˣϴκƽһȥİ˻֮ϺͰ˻֮ϣ
Ϊڻͼʱ򣬻˳Ż˰˸ͬλһЩΣҲǻʸܷܷ΢˼֮ܿϳԭڡ
ˣûκӡ
ܷܷ˵Ĳ
˵ͷɫҸղŵ㣬Ҫõİʮеİ˸λáǬ㣬޶ңöӦ֮ǰѪɷ˻Ƕеİ˻λãŵҲ⼸λ
˵䣬֦ǰͼϵ˳ôҿһĿȻ
Ҫʲô
طʵ漴ȴɫһݣ죬㲼ǸʲôʮҪ򣿡
󷨵ĴС˵ҲǼ֤ʦʵһҪ֡
ܹƬ󷨣ǿ϶ѶȼǼ˶
ɽ»ãϾôԼҪѪ֮ļ䴫УⷽȴҪɲ١
طĻҲޱȾĳȥ
ףʮһɣ󲿷ħ¶Ӱ죬Ҳܹǵħ֮٣һˣ
΢һ٣ֵ⾭Ҹղ㷢ֵǼ£Ҫô
ǸѪɷ˻ǶᱻֱƵط統
ҲһãЦŵͷ
Ҫʲôɣ
£׷״ߴٵ
Ҳ˵ֱͬϱԼϣϺ˸λÿһλһڣҪǰոԵԣȥϱĸ㣬ǵصװʮ״סҪһײһײ٣
򵥣û⣡ҷ׷Ӧ
⣡
ҡҡͷЩλ㣬ǺͰ˻Ȼ֮ǰѾƵɽ¾Բܾʹ˷ҪСģڲѪ֮עǰɣǱˣǾҪʱ佫Ѫ֮ȫ𣿡
ף
˷׷׵ͷЦˣȥɣʱֻʱʱ䣬ȻＯϣ
죬أ
طüһҪæĸλ㣬ʱ𣿡
㹻ˣİɣؿڣЦӦ
Ǻãȥˣ
طҲٶԣ漴˱㰴ǸԲͬ˲뿪ԼҲͬʹ˲æ
һж˳һʱҵʱȥ󣬴Ҳ̳ɹĻˣһЦݵӣ֪ûʲô̫⣬˳ع飡
죬ȴһʱѾɹ˴
صʵһ棬Ҫȴ󷨣ǰ˸λ̶ȣҪط˸߳ܶࡣµ˵طҪһϵеȷϣȫҪԽʡʱ䡣
һҪȥŪĸλ㣬֮ط˻Ҫ˲١
ˣ
̹ЦЦʵ
ţ
ҷ׷׵ͷʸܷܷǴյǰŹֵĵ磬治ˣ

⻰˷׷Ц˳ͷߣĺš
ˣ˵°ɣ
ķһۣ漴ɫ
ʲôҪ𣿡Ҷʱ
Уͷ
ʲôʸ̴ܷܷߴٵ
Ǿǡ
컰һͣȴӡȻһ޺ճ֣ط˼æ̧ȥ
أ
һ촫кȻһһΣǰɫҪǣԵüΪǱͷɫ޲׷𡭡
ѩƣ
طһ漴󲿷עȴѩ׷ǵɫӰϡ
ǲǱˣɽµķ£
磬⡭
ҺɵĿ죬ȴҡҡͷЦǲʻʲôҪôŵΧѪ֮˾ͽǼˣԲͻ֮ʵ
˵䣬ܺȻ˳ȺӵѪ֮ˣһ֮ڣȻûһ򣬵󲿷ֶʥ׶Σǻڳ»Σˡ
ʵطˣȴȫһ
ף
Ӧһڽһ󣬱ǸԳͬķȥת˲ѾЩѪ֮˵УֳָԲͬĴչһϵеɱ¾
죬ȴ۾ͬʱѾ׼õӡٴֻɲǼ䣬һɫĻڶһ˲佫⸽Բ֮ȫĲٿз·γһĿռ䣬ЩѪ֮γԵĿơ
ͻ֮ģ֮γ൱ڰĴڣ
ȻȫٿһУ˵ȴҲżĸ

ЩѪ֮˽ĲҺȴǶȻءһ죬ԭ˸ΣȴǱѩֱӴӰײݺغ󼤵һ̳
ȿȿȡ
ԥķ𣬰½˼
ɫ·մ˳ԵüΪǱ
״ȴһЦһ˲ǰѩǹԹԵվߣ˫ͭС۾Уɱ
죡
죬ǴмƵģ﷢
ȴȫӰ죬Ц£˼мˣ
𡭡
ڸһ㣬ѩҲ֮켸ŭðµɫѿ÷·Ҫγˮ


1899 £
ʱ˿̣ܲڵ
֪죬ĿΣˣ
ʱһʱͨɽ֮⾫ϵߵһһʮĸ֪ɽ֮ޱŭֻϧڽҪͷ޷
ǲȻĻڵ֪ǻߵʱ򣬿϶ԳˣϾ˭ĸأ
ɣûô
ȻѪռɽ£Ǵʱѩǰİ£һ޴ʡ
ôðмƣ
ϢǸ˴ݳģд
Ȼ¶֪Ǹ˵˭ǰüδϢȴ޴Ϊʲôƫƫλ
ңһεĴð»Ѿɽˮĵز
졭
һ»ڡ
Ȼû˵꣬һִϵˣ㲻ضʣҲ˵ģΪֻɽ²ôǸ
㡭
ɫһ䣬иоŨŨĳ
ȻһͷǸ˱ˣһ콫ƾͼƣǸ˴Ϣô˻ƳԼ
ⲻûпܣңԼ
Ȼͨɽ֮ϵɽҲڵһʱ뵽ֿܣԾɴѪռеɽɫ̲סŭ˼
ˣ˵ˣһÿȥ£ɣ
۾һУȴǸκ˵ʲôĻᣬѸٵӡ֮˲伱
ã
¼״ʱɫ˲䣬˼ıչȫٶȣԶ۶ȥ
ΪľԿǣ
һһص˳֣»ôϡ
ȫһˡ
ܣ
һЦѾ뵽ֿ֮ܵǰڷԲɫĻǰõ׼
֣
ǳһ󣬻˲ΣΧɫĻںһ𣬱ǰºı֮С
Сһְɣ
ʼ磬֮һ㳯¿ѹȥͬʱѩƵĴԴ
𡭡
ѩӦһ˲ǳڰϿգѪһɫâݺݵسǰϡ
أ
ȫֿǱıڵأһ㷴֮ûС
Һƴˣ
ѾԤеյľΣ½Ƶŭţһֱǵ˫ҲǱһƬѪ졣
ƴˣɽĻһһЩ˼ɣɾƾ㣿
첻мһƲ죬漴Ȼּ䣬֮бȻ磬ϾƵģڵλնȥ
ͬʱĿУֲͬɫҲǽϡ
ء
䡭
Уֺ֣֮¸ǱƴȫƵĶȴҲ޷ȫ總֮Ƶģи£ð´˿̾ɥ֮Ȯһ㣬ĲŭԼʱʱֵʹ֮⣬Ҳû
ƴ
ĻᶼûУôƴ
ǰǴΣɽ¼ʱ֣¶Ѿˡ
οڵ죬ѾصʵټϻлѩƵ˫»ܹӹΣ
УѾǽ䵱ˣ
գɱ֮
֮ǰ¸鲻κʱзѩԼȴǲϵһŭצĹţǼצڰϲϵػһѪڣÿΰͷųѪɫΪѩƵʳʹð¸޷γЧķ
֮⣬Ѿ԰µ˲٣ĸ涼ܵ˼ѹƣ䱾ʵ޷ӳɣ
ԼԼѩڻĸ£õһ
˵Ĵ˳£ڲʱʱУ±ѾǳѪһ㣬¾ͼѾûһõĵطήҵ˼㡣
֮һߣط֮˵ķɱ¾УٸѪ֮˸޷赲һһĳΪʬ嵹أֱҲѡ
˵橰
ɱ¾УľŻʸǺɱ˵ӣɵÿЦʲôʱôˣ
˵Уʸ橵ǳģ˲֪˲
ڵȴƱɲƵģո飬ⲻʱʱ䣬ʮѪ֮С
ұ𣿡
ľĻʸ橻ͷһƲ죬磬ɱĲ˺òãЩ൱һͷͷѵǻҪЩ飿
˵öԣ
ط֮󣬵ЦѪµЩɱҲϻˣС֮ǻû
ɱ
ľһ죬Ǳˮǹ紮Ǻ«ƵģǰѪ֮һපֻ΢º󣬱㳹ʧȥ
ҲˣԼͬļӴ˸ԵĹƣûó֮⣬ܹ뵽Ĺֶζһһչ֣Щٱڼ˵Ѫ֮ȥƵģЩѪµ˸Ӳҵơ
ʱǻУѩҲǺһԼͬѡ˸ǿĹƣǰȫڱķ״̬ûа취õĻֻᡣ
ء
磬ԼЩͬɫðޱǱ
ĵȫŭ˫Ѫɫ·ҪѪƵģһƿһͷħޣΪˡ
Һƴˣ
ǼһĻӰµðԭغȻһ٣ǿгֹܸٴѪͬʱӡʱ鲻մѪİɫ·ͶϱŨѪ⣬ɢһĲĿֲ
ƴΣ㣡
ȴκλᣬѩʹһɫ
𡭡
ѩʱһţһɫ˲գ۱ǰѰɢЩѪ·ƵĽɢԼʹ಻ĺš
ղˣѩƵĴڣ
ѩƣѪ֮˵УΪɽµķҲӲֱƵ³
𼼡ս죡
ľ裡
ˮˮƣ
𼼡裡
죡
ѩʱҲ֮ˡ
ǰХ֮ĸܹٶȷ涼֮֮ࡣ
´˿̣ѩǵɫУѾһ޿ɶĿ꣬°εķ񣬶޷ǵɫѳȥ
£
Ǻ޸Ȼ֣漴һͬʱɫȫǰϡ

һ캳ص˻֣µӱͬըƵĺȻըѣѪɢȴֺܿıɫգ˸˼Ѫƽ
Դˣɽһİ£


1900 ɽѪ
ء
֮¶һĨЦݣɽһİ֡
һкѩ»ﹷģɻص컳Уֺõͷ֣Ū첻һЦ
˺ˣ֪ι󣡵Ȼȥ֮ԸŪԣôЦ
𡭡
ѩƶʱ˷ܣżּ١
ˣˣҪȥܵðɣ
û̧ѩƵԴϵһһǰ±ŪɢĵطּӺŽ򳷵³֮ǰڵĵط
ʱط˵ɱ¾Ҳൽʱ̣ԭ˵Ѫ¶ֻʣ²ʮˣҲԶ֣಻ʮӱԽһȫˡ
Ȼȴֲһ̾
˵ʵڵģµľٶȷЩҡ
ڻ֮УҪôɵ£ǲܵġ
ϾµʵףټϱǿûóĻܹȵĽѶȴҪ֮ղ١
ȻļƻһҪģ
ɻףƻܹǴˣҲ¶˲õЦݡ
յһҲǳɹֻҪطǽЩѪ֮ȫԽǰʮ󣬱Իؼˡ
Ȼǰ㣬ûʮӣҲ߷Ӻط˱»صࡣ
پѪ֮˵ʬɢţҲ˲ٵѪϢطȴˣմȾһЩѪȥΪȻ֮
أˣȻٱڼĵˣɱ˶˵Ļ֮ǰּ񲻶׷ˣ
ˣطʵ
ţ
ǺЦŵͷŻѩ˳ëŻɱµĹ̼򵥽һ飬ܲѣֽкá
ӣ˺һǾͻȥˣ
ڰʾ⣬ֽѩƷڵϺɫȻ̤ǰ
ÿһ̤ĳĹ켣ϣطǼ˺󲻽֮УıӰһɫ£ѩƶɵûнкΨֻŵĶһ㡣

ۣһ󣬱ĿӴڷйصĿţΪ飬ľ飬ˮԼ顣
ţӡһɿעĿУִĿڼͬɫƵģŸԲͬķٷȥ
ֻЩмµĵɫĵɫ໥ƵĻϹâŰ˸ͬķԶݣһգۼѾʧǰ
ΪʮΪۣ֮
һһٵĿڣÿһֳֶһӿɫҲԽԽ¡
ʮ󡭡
һ̣΢һ٣ڻ㼯ؼһ㣬Ĳǿѹط˶鲻Խĺ˲١

죬ٴ³
ɲǼ䣬Ƭغݺݲһعƽܵһпȥһ仯ΨΪħֶЩ¶ȣȴڴ˿̺ȻһЩ
󷨣ɹˣ
ǻȥ
طǲҡҡͷδͣѩƺкŴ뿪

ۡ
ѪռУɽһѪ⧲ֱ˳ɫѿƶһܵ˼ĴݲС
£
ҧѪɽѪǷŭ
ǰ±ɱһӡ
Ϊɽܵ˼ĳβŭ
ˣܵǣһ˵Ǳնȥһ۰ɽ˵ֱһ޴Ĵ
Ȼɽƽ׼ָ֮ʱûȴٴɫһ䣬һѪҪǮƵ
İʮɹͬһʱ䣡
죡
ɽŭʬΣĲΪˣ
ܹԵĸо֮ǰµѪɷ˻Ƕܵ˼ƣ˸ѡ׼λþȻͬʱȫƣϴԳֻҪɽ¸ӷŭ
Ǹˡ
òȶһЩɽѪкâ˸ԺкȻֳһ
ҧɱɽϢ²ѵҲ¶ˣ
죬ΣɽƱҪó
һɽٴα˫ۼ״̬
ܵ˰º󷨵ǣȻ̫أ״ȥӭսĻҲһӰ죡
ɽףò˶þͽһս
ư򣬻Ѫɣһˣ

磬ǻˣ
Уطǻصʱ˿ٵӭ˹
У֮ǰʱ־𵴣ǴҶܵʮУԭ¶Ȼ󣬸Ѿȷ˵ĳɹ
ţˣ
ǺЦŵͷȼŮյһ
طͻգʸܷܷƽ񽣺÷ԼбһԵĶľʸ橣Щǿĵ˵ŻȴΪ̫ԵʣȴҲûʲô̫ܵľٶ
֮ʮĳɹô춨ɱѪµĻ
λ˵Ϣ֮ҲּͬԴӶľǱָ˻һΪ֮ףһȴǺһ½ľ岽裬Ͼɽ¿϶ܵһǣƣ˷ҪһʤԲܸɽ¸ʱ䣬Ȼ˭֪˻ʲôӵľٶ
ԴұҪץסλᣬɽ»ָҪֻͼǲôܵˣ
ڶ죬һֱ鵽˰ʱ֣ƵеĴͳһľ
˵ǰʮѪɷ˻ǶԼħطĿʱԺ
ԴҾ֮󷢶Ѫµƣ
һΣݣ
һЩţ𡢶ľԼʸλ׼ȥˣʱ˵̲̣ʵѾ׼Ĵ˵ʱǿ϶üģ
ټ̫ϳǵۣôĴСѪĲ˼
У˶ȥһڵռʱʱ˵ѾˣҲвʱеͻ֮ȥĻ
ʱܿȥ
רĵżŮͺǣϾͬլƵģͬǵˣ֮⣬ضûгȥ
ڵڰʱ֣ʥϵԱ򼯺ϣ֮⣬ϽĸԪ֮ˣһٵڴˡ
ΣǾǰҪѪһβݵľս
¾ҲҪѪ³ܸ򣬸Լĺǰ


1901 ͷһ·Ѫȣ
õļƻֳͬʱ
һ϶ҪеѪ֮ˣ
о仰˵úã֮ԭһѪ֮ûǻʲôĺ˭Ҳҿ϶
ΪԷһѪˣǱģ
ʬأҲϧ
ڶҲҪһ㣡
˭Ҳұ֤˵ɽ³Ѫռ֮⣬ûеڶط
ԣѪռ䶯֮ǰһҪöκһƿУһɽ´Ѫռ뿪Ҳܹ֤˵޲֮
ȻܹһеǰᣬǴܹɹĹѪռ䣬ɽ²ò
ΣֳͬʱҲǱģ
ռƻ𣬶ľԼʸλĴȥ򣬴Ӷһ·
һҪٺܶࡣ
Ϊףط硢񽣡ľʸʸܷܷΪټٸʥ֮ˣ
ǱߣȷҪ˺ܶ࣬ǵʮ֮һûУ
ʵ棬ж̫ϳ˵ȴҪǱǿ˲١
ҳ֮⣬Ҫһ𣬲ô˵ӦǼŮȰ˵£컹ǴӦʵ³˳֮⣬ûܹ֪Ҳ⡣
ΣȻôˣǾҪá

ǴܿıǽķΧ
ɫ£ʱ̾пֵܻѪ֮ˣУΨԵɡ
ӻбѩƣʱʱܵΧǶһĺӡ
ǳֻΪһŪǼ˶һЦã
ʱ䣬ڴҵĿжУ߹С򣬿ȴһ״ΪѩڵԵʣǲõĻѪܹ֮ӹĸ֪
죬ƺЩԾطߵߣ
Ҳˣ
ס
һ·ûзһѪ֮ˣȷǼΪ顣
ΪѪռڣһ򶼱ɽ¼Ϊӣ
ô˵гһѾѪ֮ˣھһû֣˵
ܿڱǰٶȻǰ£ȴԽСģط˷ɢܣʱпֵܳΣգѩƵҲߡ
˶ʮӺҲ˲ٵˣ֮ǰһ㾹һĶѪ֮ˣΪĪҲɽ¹Ū
˵ΪµѪɷ˻Ƕа˻ıƵԵʣѪ¶⸽ƿأ
תһ룬ֲܿҡҡͷ
ɽµԸԲܷЩģ
ˣˣ
ۣһͬǰС
𡭡
ͻأģѩƺȻһͺ𣬷·һ棬ô˶ͬʱͣס˽Ųط˸ɿ»صʥҲǷ׷׾
ȻڴҾ֮ѩȴֺĻָɢƵġ
һĻ쿴΢㶣ȴǿڵְ֣ˣħȺ
ħȺ
ĻҲЩ΢ڴʱǰȻһ޺𣬽űһȺħ޳ڵλ˹ѰħͬǣǰľȻһ˫ĿѪ죬ħ޵ĸ࣬ȫɢŵѪ⣬˺Եĸоַһɱ
Щħ޲Ծ
۾һУ
ʵǲǿߵҲ߽ħ޶ѡ
ȥɣȫˣ
һ֣ٸʥʱӦŵ׷׳ŸԵǰȥ
ٸʥ򣬶ԸһٶͷħޣҲ㲻ʲô⣬ġ
Ȼڲӵʱ䣬һħ޵ĲҺЩȫһ
Щħ޵ʵȻǱܶ࣡
һʱ䣬˶һ㣬ɵһɫ΢䡣
ħ䣬˹Ϊ֮
۾ĵɽѾ׼ЩӦҲܵĳִ̼仯
ѵƾЩ赲ǣⲻ𣿡طҲ֮˵
ֻһʱѣ
ʸһԽӿڵϴүү֯򣬲ҲѪռֻǸʱˣħȺѣ
ΣҲ̫
ߣǰ
Ҳٶԣ֮ǰĶǰУһ·ϣһһħȺ֣Ȼǵ۾ԾѪ죬ƺʧȥһ㣬ֻŲһеҪ˺ƬϧЩûܳɹǵ
ֵȫʥ򣬱˵ˣѩƶһֱɢúܣƺЩħ޸ͲмһˣСֵĸŪһֻèƵģһ
һ·ϣȻûһѪ֮ˣЩħ޵ĳȴҲѪأʹʥԽĬϣҲһջɡ

һߣ𡢶ľƺͻʸλΪ׵һ붫ķΧȴͬɨҶƵģֵѪ֮ˣ˵ǱȥģѾͶѪµļûһܹ
̶̲һʱ䣬Ȼʮüֱţ
Ҳ˵ǲ̣ϾѪµ˾ǸûԵɵĸ
еٶ˵ȷҪü˫ٶȴ࣬Ҿһ·Ѫȣ
ô˵ɣֻҪѪģ໹ħޣûһܹǵǰ
ЩѪ֮˶ڲϵؿͷģȴҲѲ˱ɱˣ
ϸ磬ľϸ硣
ǰУʼɱһͶѪµ֮ʱʸȴǺȻڵ˵ܹɹ𣿡
ܣ˶һۣʮͬʱӦ
ΪʲôܾЩ
ʸüͷǱģΪѪµǸ˵ݣǶû
⡭
⻰ͶľƲɵҲɫһ䡣
ǰĸֺɱſм޴ڵѪϢһʱ˶ЩĬ
ʸԵȷ
Ǹ˵ݲԻΪһشιƳʧܡ
磬ȥ
ľ˵ʸҲûԥӦȻĴź˵ıȴǱÿЦá
ֻеóһģĴ𰸣
׼Ƿſģ
ش˼ΪƺѾ֪˭ƫƫ˵ǲҿ϶Ҫȥֻ֤֤δᣬʹλ֪˵ʲôá
Σ˷ȻѾˣǾҪһݣ
ٳ֮ǰ˵ѪĲξҲҪѪ´гնݳһ


1902 ִ룬Ϣ
պǳɹĵִѪռڵɽ
ɽͬΪԲ֮ھ̡
ΪֹһԵʣҲİ
ΪԵʣ֮Ǳǰ˲٣һֱҹʱ֣λΪ׵ŷ糾͵ĸϵ
һ·ϵɱ¾Ѫȣ϶˺ܶɱϢһԴ˴жʮ㣡
ڴˣϢԺ󣬴ľһ໥⼸ڶ飬һֱȵ죬ħ½֮٣ҵļ֮Ҳ֮׷׸չ˳
֮ǰնɱºʩչʮǰᣬħչֳһеȷ֮ǰ˲٣ҲΪҶԴ˴ιƸ˲ٵģ
Ϣһҹ˼ָ۷״̬
ڵڶ峿̫ոʱǧ˱ٴξۼһ
ҪЩʲôҾͲ˵ˣ
ˣѾǵζѪռ䶯֣ϣλܹЭĶ
ǣ
Ӧŵ
ã׼
ͷ漴Ŀ⿴졣
ף
΢΢һЦѩƴн˹ЦСһˣ
ء
ͷ֣ѩȻһ׹ɵУ˲ָϹѩʨı壬һţһɫռ֮ĲкȻ͡
ɫ˲ֿǰʲôʵһǰУ漴ּһ׹ѩѪֱûɫУһɲǼֻá䡯һ죬ǰնȻǿ˺һӣŰɫûУǿռѷ첻γһ˾̾ѵĿռͨ
ȻͨѪռĿռͨˡ
ΪѪµĿǣѩǿд򿪿ռͨȷҪǶɺܶࡣ
ⲻռֺͨѩ»ﹷģɻصв
û˻ţǿռͨѩƴ򿪵ġ
ߣ
һѩƣѹ֮ɫΣȴδ˵һֱǴŴǿռ֮ͨС

ԾһƬﻨ㣬µϢ
Ȼһжڴ˵û̫ȣϾҲֹһˡ
Žµ·ǰУһƬܿѪɫܲĻУѪռ䣡
֮ǰļƻŤͷʵ
ţ
ͷһȴΧ֣⹫ʸүүټңÿ˴һӣҪ죬ȻҲҪضСģ
ã
λ֮ףǴ֮ǰѾֺ˵ĶǰУŲͬķ
ߣ֮ͬǰЩˣطͬں棬ȻȻҲ⡣
ΪĶп˵ʵǿѡһֱӵķ򣬶·ϣŽҪѪ֮ҲӦǿġ
û취˭ٶоԼ춼ȷǿأ
ͬһУŴҼǰС
Ȼû߶Զ˵һѪ֮ˣƽԪʵȷˣǵʵͶʥһһҲֻͲ˶ѣûһв
ɱɱɱ
ʱУ˺üˣڴҵǿƽɱУûһߣ
Ϊϴεľ飬ҳҲΪЩѪ֮˵궼ûзŹϵɱתͶ̥ĻᶼûУ
ȻѪ֮ˣҲûκεĴ
Щˣȫ
ڽɱ¾УȴЩԾ֮
Ҳ˵ǲԾֻ쿴ЩѪ֮˵İɽµϰͬƺǻһں沼һ첻üͷ
Ժа˼û˵һ㣬۲죬ǰ漸Ѫ֮Ҳûκв
ڣֹȥһʱɱѪ֮˺ȷ֮ǰ뷨
ɽߣڱֺٰͷ֮Ȼһڣ˿ҲԲ򵥣
Ϣ
˴
ȻҪʲôһǹԹԵظͣΪ׼õĵҩָ֮ǰģϾѪռУѵ֮һû취ΧѪɫΪã
Ψһľǵҩ
磬ôˣʲôԾ𣿡ߵߣʸܷܷʵ
Ȼû˵ʲôԵüΪɻ
ûʲô
ҡҡͷһǴҶֵʱֻҪ˵ˣ͸ʵǿеҪ˽⣡
졭
⻰طʱüͷһ壬ЩѪ֮˸Ͳܻشģ
ǺǡҲûҪǻش𣡡Ц
㡭
ط绹׼ʲôȴЦȵ壬ְ֪֪Ҫ꣡
ꣿһ
ȴǵͷȻǿвܵõҪģǾԼȥȡ
ˣüΪɭȻýߵطǶֻһɺ紵ΨһԾЦľˡ
ӿʲôİְ֣
ðɣͰ˵İ죡
طһۣͷ֮㳯˵һ飬Ϣ˱ǰС
ļѪ֮ˣԾڹ۲첢δԴҲֱӽȫȻɱκһڡ
ڵĲʱֵѪ֮ʵ˴иĸʥʵǿҲﵽʥأ
ȿȡע
״һ
ܿҶ׹ط˽һһ·϶ûֵһˣ˵ǰ㣬ǽⲨĸʥѪ֮һ£ɱɱ
ʮʱ䣬ĸʥ֮⣬Ѫ֮ȫɱһ
ȴĸʥǰûж˵ʲôֱӿӡ˫˲񣬶һ߲ҽһߵڵϲϷĸӡԽԽڲһʱǳɢ
ʱѾʹȡеļ䣬ɫҲͬһʱޱء
ľʬ壬Ҹûκιע
ʥϢطǴյǰѩƸֱʵְ֣ôˣ
ǲʲôõϢطҲ֮ʵ
ĸ˵ļУһǲ߲ãҺɽµӣ
ڣ˵һӣһѪеģӰ֮˳
Ǵˣ
ۼѪеİţǳԴ֣֮ң˼еϢƺ˶ǼΪϤҲѾ뵽ǻּ·֮ǰħȺŵģ
ʲôô
˵˷׷ɫ˲䣬𾪣


1903 ɾ䣡
찴ȡѶϢ˵ӰֳȴԵüΪģ˵ˣĴСȷŮҲ֪
Ψһܹȷľֻ㡣
һ˲֮ǰѪռ֮ˣҪǼûЩѪ֮ǰ
ڶʵףҲ򣬲ҺɽӣӦɽµһϲ¡
󣬴˶һΪϤԤϵǴ˴ιѪռİţӶԵķΪɽӸʱ䡣
ƾ㣬ټǸѪӰ֮еģΣҪжϳǸ˵˭ֱǴ룬СȫԺԲơ
ֳǵģӰ죬ۣȴû˵ʲôɫΪ
ү˵Щˣү꣬ܲܵõǸ˵Ϣͷʵ
֪ûʲôܣ
ҡҡͷЦŻص˶ʥˣлһʥأʵ˶ƾǿһЩҲ˽⣡ץһ֮ˣջɣ
ץ֮ˡ
⻰˷׷׿Цѡ
˵򵥣ǧѰ
ʵȷף֮˵ĴڣǶԷ򣬿ҲǰټѪռ䣬Ѫ֮˱һһҪѪµǿߣȴҪȽܸһЩ
ңҪһ㣬һ·ϵǵѪ֮˱ȵһ̶ȣѪµǿʮ֮˾ǲֵġ
Ͼ֮ˣҲԼĽ
ˣЩˣ
һֳ֪ͨǣҪӿٶˣȡִѪƶڵѪڣû´ĻɽʱҲ׼ħطˣ
һʩչɹħĻ˭Ҳұ֤ܲз̵Ŀܣ
˶٣ɫҲȻ̣֮ԵУһҲҪԶˣѪ֮˿϶ԽԽǿƾǵĻӮٶҲ᲻
ã
˵˺ԥĵͷӦҲؿڣеѩһʾӦʡ
ãǳĿѪƶ
ۣһӵɲǣ˳ǰٶС
ʱٶȽ֮ղŵȷ˲٣Ҫ·ټϻչЩʥ֮˵ٶȣ¶ֱӴϿǼ˲ƹȥˡ
Ȼ룬˺üˣǰ滹ʥԪĻϣɵһʱ򣬾˶ʮʥ򣬲ʵ͵ĶʥأߵĺȻѾʥ۷塭
˵㲻ʲôٸʥ֮ȴŲСв
ϾȷڶǶʮʮࡣǵʵȴҪһЩ󲿷ֶʥأʣߵҲֻʥضѡ
ǺͶǶʮȥսĻʲôý
Ҫһ㣬ڵĵطѪƶҲֻвľˡ
컯ѪѪռдôͣټϻѪӥṩľͼҲֹһεȥѪƶʶ⸽һж˽⡣
ľ룬ĻԴ˵Ҳǲʮӵʱˡ
£
һ֣ʥ˺
֮УŲκһλϣһ㣬ӹɣ
Թţ
ţḧ˸㷢ųʹһɫһͬ
ԲͬɫĴټеǧýʱγƵģת˲ѾǰѪµĶʮʥ֮С
ϡ
ʱһȻһ㱬
٣һֱγ˾Եѹơ
һɲǼ䣬˸ϵĶֱ㱻һһ㷴֮Ǹ춢ϵʥ֮ˣ˫ͫ΢ɲǣʲô㱻ǧýֱӶ࣬գ۾ͻһֻȵʬ峯ϵȥ
˵ĳָǴݿ࣬ٸʥ֮˿ļ֣кá
ѩƣǼѵ֣дţûһŮ緶ҲòϣˣȴҲһ͵ɢž֮С
ʮʥѣøɾ䣬ʱ䣬Ѿȫأ֮ǰһûһڡ
ڼ䣬˲ܣȴûɹڸ뷨ʱ㱻쿴ƣֱǿƵѹǼȫɱǸûκεĽҿԡ
ְ֣
ɱЩ»صǰһʱܵߣǲѵĵ
ģֱĲУЦãСʱһǣЦĸǿˣǴ۾Ǽ
òϣӵȷСʱڳ󣬶һ
Ǽߣ
ڰ֣к˼Ѫƶķȥ
ľ룬ȴ֮֮ǰѪ֮Ҫ˲٣֮ÿγȵĶǳȺӵʥǵĳн𣬿ʵȷôƾѪôһܹ˶ʥ֮ˣҲ濴ѪµʵȷΪס
ѪôչȥûħطĴڣҲò˰ʱ䣬Ѫ¾ͻĳΪΨһİˣʱ˱ؽҵˮ֮У޷أ
ʶڴ˿Լ˵УѪҲԽһֱɱ֮ġ
ڣһ˳ɹִѪƶǰһ첻ֹۣһεߣҲ·ˣ̽мһ̽ĳ嶯
λĴ£Ȼȷǳǲ٣˺һĵֵ漸Щʥ֮˵ĳ֣ҲŻһˣⷽ˵ȴֿ϶ռһϷ硣
һԶֿ·ǰᣬҲѹܹĶȵִˡ
񽣣磬ɩӣܷܷ
ǷֱȥһǰɣϹ֪ΪΣֲ̫ĸо
ã
Ļ˵ͷҲ˵ĳͬ뿪
ңֲ֮вûб
ڽĶʮʱڣڿ񽣵ͬ£ľڶľͬ£Լʸڻʸʸܷܷõͬ£ȴǴŸԵĶɹִ
˵Σȴ٣򵥵ĵ˵һʧһ·Ѫƶ߸Ϲڼ䣬ȷܵ˲С谭
Ȼ˵Ƕʮ˵ʧ㲻ʲôɱϾЩǾԵľ񰡣˵ʮˣ¾һ˾ʹ
ȻҲҪѪºɽͷϣôҾһ󣬸ӱʾ˶ѪԽǿҵɱ


1904 ѪѪޣ
ʲôʱ֣
Ϣ˴һʱ㳯ʵ
ȻڱϣǶ˵ĳĴ󲿷ʥ֮˶ˣʵֲòϣѾԶԶĽ׵󣬿һӶһ׷ϡ
Ҳ֪ʱԼѾΪ˵ģ
˿ʻ󣬶ľʸطǶ׷׳˹ȥ
ǺǣǼʱԣ˾Ͳһˣ
ЦЦҿϢϢɣѾϣȵһ磬Σ
⵹ûʲôиûУ
ǰѪƶȻѪƶûһѪ֮ˣң˭ָұ֤˵ɽ»ǰƽȵĶɹһҹ
Ǽ˼˵ھͶ֣ʵ
Ҳ¾Բ֮Ц

һʱ漴ȴǳǰ˵İɣĵĻҿΧһ磬ɽ֮⣬ûܹҺͷǿڽϣԱ֤ʲô⣡
⡭ðɣ
Ҳö˵ʲôܿľƺͻʸһͬԸȥֱӳ֣֮ܿٲһ磬漴طҲǸռ˲ͬķһػá
һҹʱ䣬ôȥ
ûһ鷢һѪ֮˶ûһеһгŹ죬ôҲûκηɣһͷ
ӽѪռֱѪƶǰĶʮѪ֮˵Ѫ֮Ѿǧ֮࣬赲ǵǰС
ƫƫһжԵôܲ
Щˣ
һ֣⹫ʸүүǻǰ֮ǰļƻȥɣֻôҶСıǣȻܾܲʹ˻ͷ
˵öԣ
ߣ
ߣ
ܿ죬ǧ˱㰴ٳ֮ǰļƻֳܿԵļڣԳűŽýĲѪƶȥ
ôһԾʱֵܳΣʲôΪеΣգҲܹʱӦ˶ͬһʱΣգ޷õԮ
Ȼ㣬ҪǣÿһжһڣһܱȾһһȫչ˵Ҫõöࡣ
Ѫ
һڻ谵ͨУǰȴǴһ죬漴úü˲Һ⾲׵ͨԵǰ}ˣ˸ɫ˲䣬ռƻȴδżǰæסţܵΣա
ΪһڵˣҴ˿ֻڻ谵ȶϣҪǻһֹļкƿֱĵһ㣬ǶЩήң·ȫɥʧ١
ţһһ˵ڵϣʹĲϷйߵĻȻᷢЩ϶ͣźüֻѪɫÿһ˵嶼ڿٵѪⲻʧ
˵ǱЩѪɫʳ
ʵǿ죬ԼһС
ȴԾû뵽ĲѪ֮ˣһֻֻѪ
ҿ㣬ųԪ֣һ𣡺ģȱ

ʮѪʳѪɸʬ⣬ڴ˿̺ԥĳ˸ԵԪ֣ȻЩήңȴǿţЩѪĽⰲͨһ죬ǺϾ
ѩƳ֣
ۣһֱҪԼ˵
֪˰ְ֣
ԹԵͷеѩƶȻһ׹ֱϮڷɵǰ֮ѩƴһţһɫڵλ÷ȥ
׹ҫ£ҶЩѪģ
а׳ҳøǹŹ˼ɵŻ
һ˫ѪɫС۾ֱ񶾲ѡ
ܿѩƵĶУ˾һĻˡ
һɫͨǰ󲻶ϵӣϴɲ֪ΪΣЩѪȻһܹѣֻҪ˹ķΧͷ·ʲôƵģһţϵطһ˺ѷΰĲҽС
ۡѩƺðŶ
ˣɵý֡
ҲĲ٣ѩƲǰɫӣԭٽ俴Ƿ׷𾪲ѣǿѩƵĿҲźȻ֮ɫ
ϣа٣ĳﰡ
ҾǾ̾ѡ
ʮӵʱ䣬ǰɫȻгֵѪȫһĲҽУѩȻһűһ׹⣬ֱǰɫںһ𣬶һɲǼ䣬ҽȫȻʧЩѪҲһ̯̯Ѫˮڵأÿж˲ٴ̱ǵѪϢ
һУѩƷɻصУɵͷһ㶼ղơ
úãȻȥ֮ðְָŪԣ
޵ҲЦݣͿɣ˭ôֻŪأ
ˣǼǰУ
һ֣һڵ˼ѪƶȥͨУ֮ǰѪĽѵҶԽС
ǲ֪ЩѪ𵽵ʲô⣿ǰ棬ʵ
֪ۣѪŶͷص

ȴһ

״Ц漴ְ֪ʲôŶ֪ѪӦѪ޵һ֣ѪޣѪ֮طƶɵģʲôѪ޶ܹʳ˵Ѫ⣬ڶʱڱɸʬ
Ѫޡ
ۣû뵽ɽµֶλЩɣҪħޱѪޣҲûô򵥰ɣ
Ȼ򵥿ǿɡ
ԴСָѩ˳ëҪ׼˵ʲôʱȴǺȻɫһ䣬æȵСģ
ʱȫͣźڵҲ׷ͣ¡
𡭡
ǰһֲ·ߣȴδüͷҪȴǴ·вϴ޺ɫ˲䡣
ЩѪްɣ
ɢ̽һ£ʱǰ·УϰͷѪɫħֱÿһͷħ޶Ѫɫ˫ԼƵı䣬ҪͨɢѪ⡣
ȫһ࣬Щķ֮ɫȫһ
׼ӭУǧСģҪЩҧס
µ˲䣬ѪɫħǱѾǰ·г˳˳һͷͷ׶ѣ·Ƶģǿζʳûκͣı㳯ȥ
أ
ȳ֣ǰļͷħֱɣ쾪ȵˡ
Ǽͷħ쿴ɣϾֻһصʵ˵ЦģȻƫƫǼͷڱɳȥֻ΢˼ȦٴμϰͷѪɫħȺУչơ
öѪް
ҧ촽Ĵ۾˸ɻâôôأѪµʵǼܵİ


1905 㣨ϣ
ɻΪ֪Ѫºܶ࣬춼һ˽顣
ΪɻЩⲻͷѪ޾ͳҧ˹ȥ
ȻոսӽɲǼ䣬ûκζϱ㶸Ȼһ߲ϼ⣬ֱûͷѪڣʱԸٶȵɶײ˺üͷѪޣ΢±㳹׻һ̯Ѫˮ
ԱС㣿Σ
ΪƲƲ죬æѽְ֣æ
ѩƶʱ⼱ٷɳѩȻ˵ˣѪµĿǣЩѪȻҲ⡣
עĿĻ
߲ʹâʢûѪȺΪģһ߲âеѪޣ֮ǰͷһʱڻһ̯̯Ѫˮκνҿԡ
һĻöֵĿɿڴ
ǶԸѪޣʮֵļѣ
ƴȫҲֻܸЩϴȥһЩѪۣҪɱǲôܵ顣
״Ҳ۾һʱѩ֮⣬ȫˣעⱣԼ
ǣ
ҷ׷ӦŵǰѪ޺˵˺档
ʱȴһǧýʱֻʮâΧγһԵİΧȦеѪ޳ѩƵķȥ
Ů֮䣬ټѩƴڵ⾫ϵǸö˵Ѿ뷨
ѩƱӴ˹ƣУʮʱǽѪȫɱͨгһ̯̯ŵѪˮ֮⣬ҲһѪ޵ټ
ְ֣ұֵô
ıǰȫЦݡ
ӣͲûֱ˵ҡ֮Ļˣ˲΢΢һЦϧһ䣬ʱĲѣ»صеѩƣҲǷ˿ĵ
Ҳ׷׽ޣЦԽãĵúܡ
ˣǼߣ
ۣŴҼǰС
ΪѪ޵Եʣ˷·ΪСģǽɢȥʱ̾ǰпֵܳκΣա
ǰ;У쿴һŪѩƵʵӣְ֣߰ЩѪ޺˽𣿡
԰ɣͷӦ
ǡ
˵ʲôȴЦĴϵְ֣ղҵĻû˵꣬ڼ
ţã
ͷ˵ʵҶѪµ˽⣬ǸûǸʵƳôѪ޵ģңЩѪ޵ʵҲ̫ˣ
ʵͣ
Զʱһף֪Ѫ޵ƼΪ鷳ʧҲܸߣһɹܹѪӵʥ޵ʵǰְ֣ղҲǿûʵŶ
ǡ
ˣһ٣סС죬Ե֮ɫ
ʲô켱æʵ
˰æ
ҧҧҼǵǰʱ˵ѪѰҶħ޺˽ˣԭ򿩣
ħ޺˽ˡ
⻰۾ٴУԺкȻֳһӰȻЩţƺ˴֮⣬ˡ
Īǣ
ڼΪһʱ侹üζûӦ
ˣˣ
ҡҡͷͶһ԰񣬱Ǽǰ·
һ·ϣ˺üѪ޵Ĺ
һͷͷѪԽֲʵҲ˲٣ѩƵĽɱУȴǽѪˮȻûκνһĿܣܶ˴ȥκ˺
ڣڻ˲һʱΪ׵һǳɹִѪƶһ㣬ҰȻ֮ǰѪʮ⣬ûһ˺ۡ
ţҲ̰ȫִѪƶһۡ
Щ˵ľȴޱȰȫˣǾʲô
ףⲻǵһѣ
Ѫƶܹ㣡
һ㶼ʧصĻô̸ֺҪѪأ
콫ȫۼ֮ǰһУԼѪ޵ȫ֪Ҳʱʱز弸죬ôҵɫڴ˿̶Խء
˵ǽҪԵģԲֻѪ֮ôˣ
°ͣѪ޵ʵǿһҪǺʵѪޣǡ
⻰ںȻͬʱֱЩĬ
ȴֲòϣֿԲûУӦúܴ
ΣǶҪǰ
ʸսȭͷΣǺѪ²ݣǲǿɾΣˣ򶼽Ϊǵ£
ˣҲҪСģˣ
˵ţȴǽĿʵ֪֪ЩѪޣʲôƵķҪǴҶõģ
Ƶķ
ĬҲ׷ױտڲԣûгš
ȥĺüӣʱ˼ʱҡͷʱȴü۾һˣְ֣뵽ˣ
뵽ʲô˵ҲϲĴߴٵ
ѪƳģǿԴƵĹ취
ЦȱݵģǸȱְ֣ҪԼȣ

ԭҶھ۾ţȴȻûôһͷڵϡ
Сӣ㡭
ЦãüЦŮֻóȣһݵУһѩûĵСӣ˰ɣ
ллְ֣
ҧһڼȣ׽ºżѪ޵ȱûʶֻܵ˵Ŀƣǿһ־طǿнЩѪ޺Ϳ֮˵ľϵжϣȻǾֻվԭصȥɱŶ
ɾطǺһʱôɹЦ
ǰһٳɵķŶż⣬ĵ
ٳɣ
ʱֻ죬Ҳ׷۾һ
ǵأŵְָŶ
ԴСһһɵУ漴ȴְֵ֣һҪ
ãã㣡
ͷóüȵݵǰСѩƳԵÿĲѵӣһݸȴֺܿɫȻĽעУ첻ֱӱ˫ۣȻһ𣬻²ɵɢһƣʹڳ˶׷ײĿ
ȥʮӣ˫Ŀʵʰľâһεϲã
˵ĵȷ
ǾһĽ
ãһطȻ
޵Ҳæ˹
ȴǺѩһ߳żȣһ˵ЩʲôȻԿӵİ
ҲȥȻ󾡿һ£һʱӦòˣʱټ콫ȵݵУ˵
ã
ͷٶԣȡڵϢֺܿݸˡ
ʱұ˸Ե״̬ѪƶһʯУΧһǵ̸֮⣬ûһ


1906 㣨£
Ȼһʱ֮˶ٴξһ
һ°ȻŸղ־طḶ́ΪʵβԵʣ֮ʱҲۣͬҲ໥ȡ̣ҲôҶջķᡣ
⾫طȻ򵥰
طЦų˵̶̲һʱоҵľһ֮࣡
ҲǷ׷׵ͷϲѡ
һɺ٣ɱ˵طǼˣ¾ʥܹ֮˶ʱһɵľϲʤϾʵҪ˿Ǽǲôܵ顣
ǵȻ
һ㶼ǫ飬Ϊ°͡
ģôҿһЦ
ûԴЦСӣǫһвУ治֪Ǹ˭ѧģ
ְ֡
ĻʱСһвֱۻȥģǸֿɰ̬֮ٴβЦ
Цһ֮ˣʱ䲻ˣǼ߰ɣǰǰߣ
ãߣ
ĻٴηֳڣȻԾΪ״һڵˣֱط֮˴죬׼ͨڶͨС
Ȼ֮ǰǰ㡣
ͨУȷǽ˺üѪ޵Ĺһͨ˵ֵѪȺʵ˲٣кܶٶȼ죬žʥʵһܹ׷ǣ
ҲȷҴȥ˲С鷳ȻҴǸط
ʩչУôһе˼һأ
ռľƣټϾطǿ󣬴һʩչγѹ֮ƣЩѪȺһ˲ȫԭأкüͷѪѾǰֻҪʩչطٶ΢ôһӣ±кü˵һ硭
ȥ˾ƵѪȺٲȻѾΪ̶ӣɱ
Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬һڵڶȥѪȺľƺǰУɱǵͽ˺ǣһҲúиһЩѪȺĴڣϾе鶼һڵȥɣ
Σ߹ͨʱ䣬ȴҪ֮ǰһЩڽɱ߰˲ʵԽԽǿѪȺ󣬴ҼΪ˳Ѫƶڶ㡭
ȥڶʯǽ֮ǰʱҪ˲٣ѪɫҲΪŨ˶ǲüͷвʡ
𡭡
Ȼ䣬ڴҸոȶβãʯдһ޺֮ôҶĤۣвʵԵ͵˸ûһͷڵϡ
ҵģ
ʵҲòѣ޺֮˲䣬˱ȫ

ʸܷܷȻָŴǰϿգ
ѭȥָʯڶˣѪɫۣڲʮӵʱ䣬ֱֳ˺üͷѪɫħޣޱɲϵһѪɫ֣˸оʮֶġ
𡭡
޺ţͬʱЩѪɫֱǼٱ䳤ͬһƵģڵλòϮ
ã棬ΧС
Ҳ֪˭һҵıѿ˼㡣
Ȼ㿪ǰѪɫ֮ʣ˱һѪɫִ˷ٶЩĵĶ·γһУЩѪɫԾʩչ
ѪɫסˣڵһʱѪⱻߣԭһ࣬һɲǼΪһ߸ʬμֱĲ֡
֪ΪΣľطûʲô̫ãܹѪɫֵĹԻ֮⣬ǰǰ㽫ЩѪ޳ֹ
һȴڳ˼Σ
˵ˣСıһ̶Եѿ˼㡣

콫Ŀ߲ϼУЩѪɫ־ʶıܿˣһֱھԵİȫ״̬
ֻϧܵĿȴǿЦҡҡͷʾҲûиõİ취
ৡ
Ȼ䣬еѩƣȻһ׹ֱɶת˲ǷɵͷϿա
ѩƣ㡭
ǵľ漴ȴǻֹסǵȴǺȻ˼ϣ
ѩƵĶҲǲ˵ע⡣
ϣѩа취ɣȻ
ЦŰҡͷѩһ㣬ڷɵͷϿյһɲǣϰ׹ʢ·Щ˳İɫëһУӶֱ
ţѩȻһ˻Щ׹׷״ϼһзΧƳΪѪɫֵһ׹У̱նأڵϵһظһ˲±Ѫɫɢ
ѩƵĴ˷ôҵѹʱ˺ܶ࣬Ǽǳʱȥϸ۲ͷʯڵһͷͷѪޣЩѪ޵ʮİڳľȻûһʶλҲˡ
ҲϲЩѪ޵࣬Ψһȷϵһ㣬ϹʱڵѪ֮вδô֮пʱרƳġ
ѩƣǾͿ㣡һ
𡭡
ѩʱԺӦ漴ѩٴ죬һʵʵİ׹⼱ϮɲǼγһҶѾΪϤİɫɿĳͷϷʯڸǶȥ
һٶЩѪ޽Ѫɫȫ˻ȥͬʱһѪâʯߣͼ㿪ɫĸǣȻɫѩƵĿ¼ʯȫ֣ܶȥĶ
ŴŴš
֣ЩѪ޵ĲҽУ˾һĻˡ
һͷѪ⧲֮±ɫһ廯һƮɢһȱʬ嶼û£ҲͬûκεѪˮ䣬ôʧӰ١
ô£ѵЩѪ޲ûʵ壿ЩѪɫȴ
쿴һĻüͷ
ȻڰɫѪ޵ʱ򣬺ȻһΪĵЩѪ޷·ӵʲôڰɫӴ֮ǰǽʯ֮Уת˲ʯϵѪȫȻɢղŴһжȫֻλá

ֻۣǵʮϤɵñҲ΢΢Щ
ѩ·ɻصйԹſãֺƵ˼ЦźһޣҲ׷׾ϲ֣һܹΪģ󲿷ֶѩƵĹ͡
ȻಢʶѩƵˣҲݺʵԽ

ɫԺвϵطŹļ䣬ĳһ仭жˡ
Ҳһʱ䣬͵˫ۣţȻҲͬʱһµ߻ǰֳ
ʮͻأûκοռ䲨
Ȼ쿴ݵɲǣȴһû´Ȼ㡭


1907 Ǭ֣
û´Ȼ㣬Ǭ
ۣ˼㡣
ʱ֮ǰǬ˵ռмطˣǷ׷֡
طռмǬģǸʱڵͣ˭Ҳû뵽û뵽Ǹ֮ǰȥΨΨŵŵͣȻܹЩѪޣүӣô㣿
ʸܷܷ˲ۣӲš
ʱǬȻһ£ǸºͳȴżҪľɢĵѪ⣬Լһ˫Ѫɫ˫·ûκθƵġ
Ϸ򣡡
Ǭۺ룬ϵչֳһĨЦݣȴǶһɫѣٴ˫ͫһȻŵԦЩѪҲĽɣ

ǬûзϵֱӵͷԵϧϷѪ޾Ȼûκãɱ˲٣죬֮³ɺޣ˵Ϸ
˵䣬еɫϹƶǬȻɫƽʵ˫ѪȴѾıɱ
죬ΪѪʹλ־棿
ǬҲòϣд˷ҲȻὫԦɣҲһøɣ
ΣǬռתô󣬿ϵȴԾѪʹ
ԶԴ죬ǬгɱɱοǸղɱôѪޣֱ졣
Ԧ
ǻһߣЦǬǬҼǵǰ˵Ԧǳķѣкã

⻰ǬȴǺĴЦ죬Ҫ̸ŵԦ𱦵䣬㶮Щʲô
ͷְֲû˵أ
ĵԦͺܴǳ߼Ԧأ԰ɣְ֣
ԣԦЦŵͷǳǬ
Ԧ
ΪѪʹںڶμʱҲԱԦ֣
ȥŵĵ伮ȴҲֻǼ򵥵ļ¼һԦĴڶѣڸôԦֵʲôķȴȫȻ֪
ԴǴ֮ûٶȥעǼרԦǱߵʱԦԴɣҽһЩطѪ޵ţŵôѪ޵Ľ֣Ǭ˵˽˾ĵİţΨһȱݵľǣû뵽ѩƵĿЧȻ֮ǿѪ޽޻֮Ľ𡭡
ΪѩƵĵϸʵǬòٴɳѪޣͨԾϿƣһû뵽ĵطˣǾľط
ԣڴ˷Щ촥ѪٴƺǬȻԳ档
ţΪʱĿռʵѾﵽ۷壬ʼһԵӲˣʲôʣʮʱôҲܴﵽֵزɣ
۷ʵǼ̫ϳһ֣ǬҲܹʼձֲܣ뿪Ǹ׾ٵ飡
Ϸ򲻹ʲôԦ죬ɸϷһս
Ǭ˫һУ
кβң
Цڶ֮ǰиŪ
ʲôϷ׹ʰɣǬӦ
׹Ǻǡ
ЦЦ˿Ϊ⣬漴ǬĵɾǸɽ°ߵˣ
ˣϰţ
ԣǬһЦϷΣ
Ȼ㣡㡭
һǧýɲǣ˲ƶգۼǬǰâֱࡣ
úã
ǬηĴһ˺ɫȴǻһߣܿǧýĹֱӭ
ɣ汻УӲֱնϵˣ
״Ҳʱ֣һתǧýɫֱײһ
ϡһͬʱˣɫԼͬĶȻ˼֡
治а죡
ǬԭϵѾڣѪѪɭ䣬ҪϷҪΪϺѪµԼ
ǺǺǡ
˺ȴһЦƲҪʹ򣬻࣡
µ˲䣬ٴ
һΣȴûκֵ˼
һ֣㱬ȫʱʯƷӿȴȻԭʧ·һûг֣Ψǵصѹӡ
⡭
ǬܹܵѹæĻΧԪתһ˲㱻Ѫ֣·ΪһεѪɫϼ룬ŨѪϢһ̾ɡ
Ҷȥ
һĻ
һ𳯺˳صطҲˣϾǻһҪˣֻ˵ʯſڣɱѩʱ̹עǰһսȴûпٵ֮ɫ
⣬ҲľΣ
ȻܹǬһΣôڶҲԲڻ£
ȻǰǴڵİæڵҲǰ췭ظı仯ҲᣬصʵټеƵĻԼİְֱؽ޵У
ȻվʯſڻһԭǾҪ֤Ĳ๥ƲӰ쵽Щˡ
Ͼô˵Ҳкܶ˺ѣ
˳ȥɲǣֻʯݺݲһ£·ʱҪһ㣬УȴǼȻǬѪɫϼһͬˮưɢͬʱʯľҲ
ء
ţͬһĳţǬΧҲһѪɫֲϳֱ֣ͬǶצƵģʯڣޱŹ졣
ѩвϵͺƺȲҪֵĳ嶯֣ɲκξٶ
ʱѩƿǱĲӣ¾ѩƵĶ֣ȴҲѾӰҲֻܹԹԵĵ˵ѩƸûлָ۷״̬
죿ôôǿ
һֺǬĳ׳𺳡
ֱţһʮˣȻܹʵƴ
ǬȫеӣԪѪɫϼƿǶѪâʼǿƵӲƴ
ѩư
һʯв˸ӰȴǺĵͷȥ
ء
ѩ̧Դ˫鶯۾һĨɻ
һЦҾðɣ˺ǰְҪҵǸأҺȻղŰְʱԥһ²Żشģҡ
ˣһĨм˵ʵŲضѣôܻǸˣ˵԰ɣ


1908 ǬŮ
ĻСټʯ˸Ҳһľ룬Գеѩ֮⣬һ
ʱ˵ŵʱ򣬻ڲϵСѩƵӣŪѩһУƫƫκη֮٣ȫһ״ѩƣҲȫΡ
أ
ʱȻһҵĺ촫κȻڰͻԳǬͬʱ·ܵĳֳȻͬ򵹷ɶ
ţ˺ݺײڸʯϣʯ׷׷Ĺн׹ء
ְ֡
һĻ⾪
û£
ڰ֣ٴӵվ
ȻϵһЩԵΪǱԿһЩ˿ڣ˿̵ľȴΪڶǬȴҪ֮ΪǱ࣬һ˫Ѫɫڴ˿չֳͬҰްĿ⣬ϵϢǱ֣Ҫ˺Ƭһ
ǬһΪѾˣȴû뵽ݼ˾տ˶ƭת
ǵһ˿ѪޱҲգˣھ·
£ٲ˵ֱϮ
һΣٶʩչ˼£Ǭٶ׵ľ룬˲伴
ǧýϽâƿ֮ԪУչֳһǰơ
ɱϷ򣿡
ǬһЦԳ
кȻѪɫһһҵѪ໥ӳȴǬһ̵Խ
ϡ
ţ˵ٴο˸֮ʯл죬ȴǸԳֺȻ
֮ղţٶȸ˼֡
˵֮ǰʯ˻ǿһЩĻôǵ֮УֻܿһӰӼٷУ˵Ǭľ嶯ˡ
ǿ
Ψһ
ʵطҲˣһĿ񣬸ִδйǿ𺳣ڳŶ
Ȼһĵǡ
ϾǬǳѾõѪʹ֮ݣȺۣأһʮˣ
ۣһҲ׷Ǭ
սʮӣʯܵʯڼݻٵĲģǬȴԾûֵͣ˼ƺԷڴ˴ɱԶͣ¡
Ȼ򵥣
ǬѪк˸ѹϽһֱĸ󻼣֮۷ݣ¾ֹô򵥣
ΣһҪɱ
ǬһҧеѪɫʱϳһѪɢУʱγһ޴ѪѪĽȻһſͷ·ڷһ˺ѷεĲҺƵģʯʱ˼ֹ񺿣ĵ׷ĸо
⡭
쿴˫һУһȶһ̲˿˿
·𿴵Ǳ޴ѪɢĲѪ⣬һԩꡣ
죬
Ǭ˫ֳֽ⼸ַ·ǴǿмƵģɭ֡
ãǾͿ˭
ͬĻһ䡣
оǬȴǿӡŲͬɫӼٷת˲ǻûǰһʵʰֱ캳ء
죬
Ǭۣ˲𣬶һȣ˫ֳֽ޾Ĺ֮ɽһĳնȥ
ҫŭ
𼼡ս죡
𼼡裡
ȴʵĽȳ
ʱ̷γһƷΣǱѪɫ޽ֱֱӭȥ
ʱ䣬죬趯ء
أ
һ죬Ƶʯб쿪
Ǿ޴Ѫһڸ˵ľУγһʮĴ򶷳棬˿ۻң֣
Ȼ֪ѪôɣȻʵǬϲһ˿ѹ첻üͷ
ǬȴԽ˫ֲӡž޴ѪĹƣֹ񺿵ϣֱӰ˵˷·һƬɭ޵
һͲˣ
кһʱԪҪǮƵķתע뵽ǰڣǺƷ˷ܼһܿѾøͣһĸղЩΣľ棬ʼѹƾ޴Ѫ
ۡ
ҧ⣬ǬһѪֱͬľ޴ѪɢΪ˵ƣǽһſͷƲϵĿͣ·һǰĹк
𣡡
״Ȼһȡ
ʱ䣬ǧýӭһ˲ǻûһʮ׳ľ޽Ѹײڶֶ֮գۼǰǾ޴Ѫݺײһ
ϡһ޽ڰһ١
𡭡
ţǼľ£ץסʱеǾ޴Ѫݺݳȥ
ʱ޴ѪһҲܲסƵĵɶȥɢѪҲ֮˲١
ôôܣ
ǬŵŵšĽ˼ܵ˼ĳ𵴣˵ɴ˫ۣǲš
ΪѪܴԵʣܣܵ˲СĴˡ
Ǭ
ץסʱ۾һе˲䣬ǧýǰ棬ֻáݡһȥûӦ֮ǰֱһѪʱ쮷ɶ
Һƾǿʵıܣɽ½һβܡ
򵥵ǧýһγԷĵԴԺɷˣ
Ȼ⻹ûꡣ
ǧý֮ȴǽ
ء
´ʱǬѾ˷ôĳУǱýˣѪҪǮƵŵסǰʯڣſסΣϵĵ˿ڣȴǽȾͬѪƵģֱҵ˼㡣
ʵܾʹ
ԣֻ˵ˣ
죡
ǬҧݾѾѪȾ˺ɫģֲֿ
ôҪɱ
һЦջڣɳǧýǬȥ
һһȻɱ
һŹģ
ǬȻӣΪҪƴһսţºȴػһѪֱûʯڣһ㵣æҪ׷ȥ
Ȼ׷ϻ׷ϣһˡ
ûʯȴǺȻһ󼱴ٵŮ֣
ৡ
漴ⲻ˵ľĿУĵӰٶգ۱ȥǰ
ôˣ쿴ŮΪɻ
ŮǱˣīƣٻ
ʻŮûش֮ʣȴǼΪϲĵλ㣬þò


1909 ̣Ѫƶ㣡
С㣬þòϲ㣡
кŮ׷ЦŵͷԵüΪġ
ǻе⣬ɵ΢΢һ
ְ֣ɣǳǳһЦ
磿Ŷã
ٴһ㶣лҪ˵漴ͷ㲼һ罫ǼȫҲǸӰй
ʯǿһĻȻԶʮֲ⣬ڳ棬ȴҲûжʡ
ܻأ
ЦҡͷԽԽ͸ˡ
ٺ١᲻ֶ˼ϱľ۾һϲѵĵ

˻һŪڳ˾
Լ⹫ô˵ĻȻȫ
Ķ˼ԩòã
Уɻ֮ʱŮȴǺȻǷ񣬹µȼС㣡
£
С㣿
ŮԳĳƺ쾪㵵Ĳ֪˵ʲô
֮ǰǽΪС㡯ʱѾɻˣϾŮŲͬݣīŮ֮еĵλԿȳϣ
ôܽΪСأ
λ𣡡
̧̧֣Цûлλ׷أ
СˣҵȹŮȻһжԹΪ𣡡Ů

۾һ㣬ǸòҲǳԷƹɣ
⡭
ʣŮһȥǺɡ
Сѻָѵ֪Щ
ְ֣ûǰ䣡
Цҡҡͷ漴ŮǳЦУְ֣λŮΪ̣
̡
жྪˡ
ǵһ˵ЩȻָһ
ţ
һЦѩߵŮмЦ㣬īƽ㣬ٻ㣬εأǰڷƹʱҲǿŶɺأ
īơ
裬ٻ
Ļ쵹ʶһŮ
īȻͲö˵ˣٻֱΪٻֵʫʮ㣬ٽǵòȴҲá
㡭
죬Ҫ˵ʲô֮ʱȴǼæȵٿˣԺҺǣӵ𣡡
ǰ٣ԺֱӽּɣȻҵȿɳﲻ𣡡
ŮҲ׷׳ģ첻ӦǾҪֱӿ޳ƵģСŮ̬ŪÿЦá
ðɺðɡ
Цѣīƣ
ٽٻɣǱ֣Ҳǹģ࣬Ҳ˵ϵٻٻҲͷ͡
ðɣ裬ٻ
ľΣȴǺ档
˵˵ɣô£ôȻƶŮʵ
׷ת֮ҵȾͬ׷湬ֻҺīãõһչˣңұǰ䣡ÿһμ֪ģҺīƲ֮лĵλ
΢΢һЦ˵úٻãϴ֮ѵļ䣡ųɹ¾һ𣡡

ף˶ʵҼǵٻǶ˫壬԰ɣ
ǵģ
ŮһЦ漴صֻ֪֮ʱһ⣬Ҫ˫໥Էֻ꣬û뵽ᱻǬ֣ºһϵе״ˣҲһܹڽˣǺǡνһһĪ춨ָľˣ
۰
Ҳ̾̾ϵ̫޳
ˣǵҲ֪ˣ
ף漴üʵǸղųȴΪΣĪ裬ٻǶǬ֮ģ
˷ǲľ飿
Цһ£ϾΣҲһʦپܷģǽסҪֹڻûеɱʱ򣡶ңĪΪѪ°ߵǸˣĻ𣿡
ţ
ô˻첻üëһ˵ʲôֻ˭
ʵ²⣬ֻһֱԸ϶ѣôʱǬĳ֣ƶĽǸѪ˶Ǭϡ
Ҳᡭ
ΪǬܹнλ֣Ȼصʵ»ɣôһԵĴĪٻҪӶ𣿡
ҡ
죬ȴǲ֪˵ʲôҲֻһ̾档
ְֹ֣׷ɱͷ϶ԭģȲˣﶼѪƶڶˣǲǸóȥ㣿ڱ
ôԣŮҲ׷׵ͷǣ׵ðɣߣ
ֳ磬ֽŮܸʶȻἰĲڵݣΪҼȻ֪һʶȻƽʵȴǶԴīƵʱԾԳ־⡣
ˣ׼Ǽǰ
ĻУҼǰУȻ˾һĻˣڶʯͨУǾȻûκһ谭ȻƵĻ˲ʱʱ䣬ȴΪȫһִͬѪƶ㡣
ô£
ǲ⣬俴ΧʱвͬΣǱŪһͷˮ
ƲͬڵѪɫᣬѪƶʮͨȻȫȻʧȡ֮ľǺ֮ǰһĴʯɽµ˵ټûһѪ֮˶ûз֡
ֻ죬ڳ˶ȫסˡ
Īǣɽ뿪ˣ
ԸʯеѲ飬Լȴǽüͷ
һΣĪǻҪ޹
ʱȥҶʯ˸ɸɾԾһ㷢ֶûУѾǰľͷɽµѪ֮뿪һ·ϵɱ¾ȴһա
ô죿
ʵɫΪѿ
˵صһУһİϣ

ȴƽҡҡͷ˵ɽ»ܹ뿪˻ôѪ֮ˣȫ뿪ĻҲûκβ¾ɽƿصѪռ䣡
ԣ˵ʮ㣬ȻҲǻصľʵϡ
ô漴쿴˺Ů
ȻŮʱ֣ô϶ǵ뷨Ůǡ̡ݣںܶ෽϶Ҫڵ֪ĸ࣡
ǵĵӦ˳ƵķԸ
Ȼˣ϶а취ģ
ȻʻŮȽһ񣬶ɢʯĸͬλȥ
ÿһǵľʶȫһ£·ýľ룡
˿ʮֲ⣬Ҳ࣬ͬǣŮΣɵΣ


1910 ŮƷӡѪؾ
ŮһһߵļΪüζԭͣ˺һżǰ
ȻӣƺڽĳִսƵģŮͷ亹˲١
⡭
쿴ļΪ⣬ҲǷ׷ĵ̸ţڳЩ˶ҪֱӺʳˡ
ʱȻ۾һְ֣֪ˣƳӡ
Ƴӡ
ԣֻ죬˻λԼط˶˶䣬ϸš
Īﻹзӡڣ
ԽɻˣصʵȻ಻һ쳣
ȻȴףȻ֪ķӡô£ڽߵĲľŹ沽
ľŹ沽һİίʵ档
ţ
Żѩ˳ëЦľŹ沽ǾžŹ沽һּ򻯰汾רŽ̵λأƳһзӡ󷨣ְ֮ǰڼ沼µм󣬶ľŹ沽¼ֶأ

ӶҪɳˡ
Ҳֱ֣ţϾǶȥмڵģǼһ֣˵ˣ󷨲ܿƵĻǶ޷氲ȫ뿪ʮ֮˾Ż˶ɡ
ʱ˵ƺƾīƺٻŮǿƼ򵥵ĲͿƳмܹƿһ󷨣Ŀ
ֱ췽ҹ̷Ƶģš
ľŹ沽žŹ沽
˵ľУȴǺȻĬ˲٣߶ţȴ˸ŹϤ
Դ֪˳ƺĸŮתָоϤȴδ֮ԽԽ࣡ףһп¶ǱЩǰӰ죬ڵ̣ùõȵȶˡ
ģУǰʲôˣΪӵǷ֮ƮƮԼôɰŮеޱȺ棬ȲҪ˽һеǿҳ嶯
ȴֲ֪ΪΣüʱȴַ·ڤڤиҪޱȼرģƿǰҪͨ͸ǰ
ʮ־ûκһ˵ǼŮ֪ͬ
ͣˣͣˣͣˣ
Щʧʱ򣬲֪׹ȥãǼĵȴǺȻ˹
Ȼ콫Ŀ򺮵Ů֮ʱȴǷѾͣû֮ǰĻߵʯܣܵʯڻһЩ룬ŮʯڵĲ໹ȫһ
С㣬ѩưһæ𣿡
ʱ򣬺Ȼ
Ȼ԰ѩƣȥɣ
ԥӦ£漴һģѩƱʱһ׹ɵ˺ȱߣҲ֪׺˵ЩʲôѩҡͷԵļУʱϰ׹ʢһͬʵʵİɫâ·γһͨƵģԺΪ㣬ԺΪյ㣬գۼǽռ˲ͬλõŮϵһ𣬲ѩԼȴǷɵŮм䣬·ΪһƿƵģάǵɫâתͨ
Ů˫ͬʱͬӡȻֿʼȳһЩصĲ֮·γһֽӦϣǰɫâֵķΧڣĿռ֮ɿӿǹ̶ΧеĿռ䶼·ʱơ
ѩƣȴϿУĽϣÿһ̺ޱϢ·ܹŮϵϢ˲ڣŮһչֳһУȴǸӵעĿ
ڣṲ̊ز˾žŰʮһ˲䣬ͬʱͣ
ӡɲǣǽºȻڶһֹģҶûķģٳѩڵĿзȥ໥ںżתİ׹ҲǷ׷Ѹٻ۶ͷƳˮƵģǿҵ֮С
ƣ
صľûгãŮһӡ˲䣬ѩȻһХλΪģ׹⼱Ŀռ֮ԭƽȵʯռžʼּơ
ֱ仯ڳ˶һЩʱпֵܳκΣա
ȴۣƺоʲôɫĳ߼ʹһɫ
ʱ΢˺һЩ֯չֳ˷ֹ̬κ
ŴŴš
ռĦ֮ϣ˵ĽŹעУܿռ飬ͬһ㣬Ŀռܼ֮ӣһȶԡ
ڣֹȥ˴һҡ
ֻܻͻأһ䣬ԭӯڿռеѪɫȫɢȡ֮ȴһƬﻨ磬ܹʮᵽƢϢ
Σ֮ǰڵĻȫر֮֡
Ķ
ÿռȶѩƷɻصУŮ΢΢ףͷ亹߻վŴлعܵĻһôȡ
ѪؾǱЩȻֻƤȫ졣
Ѫؾ
˺Ů֮⣬˰ڣˢˢɻˡ
ѪؾѪµĴؾҲѪĽأԴϹʱڣһֱ񣡡
˵Ѫ֮˵ʵһ룬ɽΪѪܹ֮ؾ֮Լʵһ֮࣡ҡ
ˣһ٣ɫҲøΪѿˡ
һŪѪµļλǷǱޣΨһȷǣһѪ֮϶š˵
˶ȫסˡ
һѪ֮ţ
ɽµʵôǿˣҪټһεѪ֮Ǵ˴ιѪռ䣬񲻸Σգ
֪Ǹϲļһôܻôãôȥ
˵ģ찴סе𾪣ʵ
Ȼ
ף֣Եҿʮֿ϶˿϶ѪؾУ
ˣȲ
һֵȻһϲܾʹ뿪˭Ҳ֪׸뿪ԴһһɣҾͲˣһͷ¶β֮жǿҪģҪȽɽµȫˣ

ԣ˵öԣ
ѵǲɣ
˾һѣ
Ȼ򵥵Ļȴ˴ҵĹһɫһǰĺȻơ
΢΢һЦְ˵ĶԣһӮ
ڣǸĶߣ
컷һΧһ޼ʵƽԭԼͷЩ಻ɽ壬ȻҪܸѪ̫֮ĴϢᣡ
Ȼ컰º󣬴ȴֳĬԭܼ򵥣ûһߣܹ֪ô߷
ˣ
˵ĳĬУȻΧռȻĲ֣űôһУٵӰΪ׵ĺȻ쫷Īɽ쫷ҽϹԶˡ


1911 Ѫսң
ߣ쫷ˣ
ˣȻ֮ϴǹѪռʱ˺ܶ࣬ʵսȴǿ˲٣Ϊÿһʥ
ûٶʥ
ȻȲˣ쫷羭ϹʱڱѪĲҾչܹ˵ѾǼΪˡ
ÿһʥϣ
ĪϵܣϹϵܣ
λǰĪɽϹԶӵһ¡
ͷӣĪүү
Ҳ˹ȥ
̫үү㿩
ϹԶĸ첲Եޱǡ
㣬ǡ
ϹԶ֣֮ϤټΧ˵ЦŲɡ
ͷӣԺٺͣ
ҡҡͷ쫷Ѫ´Ľܶ࣬Ӧ֪Ѫؾɣ
֪һЩȴҲ࣬ϾѪؾѪµĴؾϹԶӿڵ
ȻܹҲҪ˽һЩ֪٣˵˵Ҫô߰ɣ˵
ôߣ
ϹԶĪɽ΢΢һһ漴ϹԶ˵ʵѪؾһĿռ䣡һ˲䣬ɽ¿϶Ѿ֪ˣԣĸ򶼲ҪҪǵִѪؾλãɲѪ
ɲѪѪؾģҲѪܴ֮еľص㣡ֻеִɲѪһУǻٵѪµĴУ˵ϵѪ£
Ҫô߶ûϵΪĸǶִɲѪ
ϹԶ˵Ҵ˿˺ȴҲһĦȭƣΪ˼սܲѡ
УǾ߰ɣ
ʼ磬һͬ㳯ǰȥûһκȴ֮ġ
Ȼ˵ȻѾôûȴĿˡ

һ·ϣʾУֻǼ򵥺ϹԶĪɽ齲һһҹ飬ʲôתʲôǰȵȶû˵
ȻҲǲϹԶֻϾǳƺڣߵҲ֪飡лĻЩ쵹Ҳ⽲ģȻǰҪܹԱ֤ĸŮȫѪ֮ͽһĻᡣ
ڣǾԲ˵ȥġ
֮⣬һ·ϣ컹˼ǸѪ˵ľݣǲ䳹׽⿪Ļʼվһʯͷѹĵףü
֮ǰǳֺ˵Ǭˣ˵϶ˣ
ʵٳ֮ǰѾһ²⣬ʼնԸţ
ϾǸˣҲǸǺܶİüλ˵Ǿȹˣ컹Щ֪Լ׸ôźá
ΣѪ²ؼǸˣֻܵԺ˽⵽˵ˡ
Ծ
Ȼ䣬Ҷ׷ͣ
ԭܼ򵥣ﻨϢȻ𽥱һɹѪϢ⣬ҼΪŨ˷ڵλüӶ
𡭡
ȻڴҶͣ²ú󣬱ԶңԶʶһŹֵѪɫƲͬڲϿ
ҽ䱸
𵱼ȣ˷׷׾
ȻԶٶȴһͷͷѪɫ˫Ѫޣǵ۾ֻܿѪķ񣬺һ鶯ԡ
ҪģȴǴҶΪѪɫƲʵһƬ΢һЩȴ𺳵ķ֣ĶʲôƲʰԾһͷͷѪޣȶųٱƽҪȫ˺Ƭļơ
֮ǰѪռԼѪƶеľط֣ЩǵĸоҪΣպܶ࣬ƫƫۿкЩʵȲġ
ַ֣˾ɲѡ
ѪؾЧЩѪżЧ
ʱĿ˵Щʵ

⻰Ҷסˡ
ˣЩ׼֣
ڰ֣ʾŮŻǰǲվһ
λԾɴʥ۷壬ȻṩһЩĵãʼջһߡ
ΪͷˣǵİȫҲǺҪġ
˼ֳط˶ʹһɫһҪϧһеıλһλ£ضķɼĴ
ϹԶĪɽ鶼ʵҲò̫ġ
¡¡¡
ϣѪȺıƽôؽзѪ޵ٶȸ˲٣һĽУǵѪȺǰ棬ʼչơ
һɲǣò˷Ը˱Ƕ
ڿգǿƴ
˸Ӱߡ
ʱҸչͨʼֵһһѪ޵ĳղ˵˷ЩѪ޿ƽײ㲻̫ߣ󲿷ֶ߰˼ħ޶ѣչֳʵȴǼΪףҴȥ˼Σ
ӵʱ䣬кü˲Щצ߼£ʹѪϢʹ˸ΪŭʼȺӳеЩƴףûһ
ţǰĵѪȺҲǳ˹
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⣬ֻССһĻѡ
εĻսνҵ˼㡣
վѪ޵ļսȴһɫȻѣոĿ¡
ȥа
ۣǵȻռƣʵҲ㲻ЩһηҪʧ̫Ļǽ
ǰ
λҲףͬɫڲŹȥãϰ˲ˣʧǳе̫࣡
ӣȥմְɣ
סһҪ԰ȫΪ
ã
ط磬񽣣ľʸʸܷܷӦԳǲͬɫһѪȺĵطԥչ˸Ϊǿɱ¾
ȻЩѪȻʵǿѪؾ¸ͲѣصȫɱУȴûһͷּܹغϣܿʮͷѪޱֱɱûʲô֮
ȻȻʵǿɱϾֻˡ
ĻսУټ쫷ʥ֮ˣҲܵ˼ˣȻﵽˣ󲿷ֶԪ׶ΣϾֲҵɱУԪʵվҪһЩ
ҵģԪȫˣɷͣʥ֮һͬǰۣȵ
ֵ˲䣬ȴѾ˻սϿգǿնɱʮͷѪ޺ʵ쳹˶ϡ
ǣ
쫷ߣķԸ޶ִˡ
ʱ䣬˱γһһͬʱټطǿƻɱȴǺܿסţЩ˵ģҲǿٱȥ˷Ҳǽ˲˵
Σ˷ֲңȴ˼δһʻʧлԼˣԼֵܣʣµԽŭҲøΪ͡


1912 Ѫ̰ɱ¾ĵִ
ۣѾĻɣǴŮעչһ´Һ󣬱㻽ǧýԥļսš
ϾѾ˵ͷ
Ȼط˵ĳ֣ЩѪֻʱ⣬ʱϵԽôضԼɸ˺
˭ûиĸ޶
˭ûѣ
ҲԲԸ⿴ģ
Ҫһ㣬ʱ䲻ϵ̫˭֪ɽں棬ȥɲѪ·ϣǴŪʲô
ƽƾն
ƽն
ȣ޴â߶;ŶƼϮ
һϿǷѪȺһֱֱĳŵѪȺϮȥ
ʵʩչ£޴âõĽȴǼΪ˵ġ
âֻ֮ҪнӴѪޣڵһʱȫ𣬸һ㷴֮ҸҪ쾫УâܹʮƷɢɿƮɵΧѪȺУ䣬ͬʱȫը
䡯ڶһԭӵȻըƵģޱǿ
ңЩըΪģܷӣеѪ޶²Ҳܵ˼ĳԼߵֵʱѾ˿ȥԼܵӰҲء
һĻڳ˶Ŀࡣ
Сӣڶˣ
ϹԶЦһ䣬ȴοϸֳޱȲõЦݡ
ͽˣ򸴺
ܹôǿʵΪʦϹԶ˷ܡ
ȻƽȫûһʦͽӣÿһμǶܵģֺγ֮ʦͽأ
ĽǸĽģ
ˣ°λڣ׷¶֮ɫСԴ߸ԵüΪСİְأ¾ֻת֮ˣǿʵôܲ˶
ô˻ᣬһ֣
ڲĲһЩѾ˲һѪȺȻȵ
ԣһϣȫɱ
ţľƺͻʸλҲ֮
һӵϣ˸Ϊ͵ĹƣƺǰѷŲЩ֮˵ȫ߶һŭŷƣͬƵģݺݺЩϡ
һĻ¼δ
ĹУôԪʥһ֣
Ͽе죬ȴٴϮһȵӰ·޴ƵģезѪȫУǸ޷ȥ֧Ԯ·
һ־ɳ֮£ʮӹȥ󣬴˴εѪȺȫһ
ԭĵĻȴǳŨ̱ǵѪȣֱ֮ǰγȫĻ档
ȻڳȴЩԾ˶æµԼ壬ѪԺȥᡣ
˾ٶҲǶԵˣϾҴУѾű֮ģܹ֮عʵأҲһʮֲĽ

ǰɲѪгУҽ˲ٵѪȺϮѪؾ֮£ЩʵȫͬնǴЭټ⼸֣Ѿһʣˣ
ʥ۷λҲ𲻵ʲô̫ã
Ȼˣһ·ϵɱ¾뱻ɱȴǸ˲ٵ˲ʣµ˴ȥ˼ķŭȴһּһѪµޱ߼
ԣڽгУֻҪѪޣᱬ޾ɱȫòǷԸ˵ŭޱ޼ʵıһͷһͷѪ޲ϱ
һУɽ¿Уŭ
˿ȴδԣˣһȻǴнӵǬһȴԳΪ͹µģȴòΪʲ壬ȴһֱŵǸѪˣѪµ̫ϻ
һˣȴⱻһѪӰ֣˵òˣŮֲΨɢϢΪ˾Ǿһڶһܹĺڶ
ΪѪ֮ɽ£ÿÿĿⴥ˵ʱ򣬶ĵ׷Ǿ⡣
Ǹˣ죿
һֹУȻһŮֵ⻰ҲǱѪӰ֮ʡ
ǵģ
̫ϻͷɽҧгݵĵʦСӽƻҵμƻͽŴҪɱ죬ȻʧܣͽΪѪµĸ󻼣
ˣ֮ǰ˵ѪؾǱޣΨһܹ϶ŵˣɽµʦǰһѪ֮
أû뵽Ȼ֣
ɽµĻһЦЦǱɱñҲƿ˵Ѫ֮һ㱾Ҫ̤ЬٴȫѹˣҪˣ
⻰˵ã֮һ㡣
ɽδǬȴǲһƺ켴ıӣǵˣĵһ󷢺ص̫ϻȴվԭغ޶Ψһ˫¶ȥȴһĨԥ
ˣ°ɣлҪ̫ϻ˵
ǣʦ
ɽ¹ӦŵǬһͬ뿪ˣԶѪӰȴ߳һԼĪʮӣõҲʮֿʣȴ֮ɫһ˫Ѫޱȵɭ䣬֮ΪеĻ΢ʵһһ˫жʱܡ
⿡ɽµʦǰѪ֮ܲ
ΪͽܣΪѪ֮ɽ¶֪˵ֻһ֪ô˱ضվڰܲǰѪ̫ϻˡ
ôˣܲߵ̫ϻǰҪʲô̫ϻʮ䣬·ȴи飬ֻʣһ麮
û֪˼䵽˵ЩΨһȷǣ̫ϻ뿪֮ܲԭɫԽ䣬ע⵽֮ȴֳһ̾Ųκζ˷ŮϣȴԵøΪԥԼ̣
ղ֪뵽ʲô̾̾λռʧͬδֹһ㣬뿪֮һռ䲨ӣֳܲ
̫ϻ뿪ķϸֳһĨ̵Цݣϣ㲻Ҫñʧһ
Ҳ˵ܲΣֹȥ˲һչһǳɹĵִɲѪȻһ·ϵɱ¾ȴ˶׷Եñ˲٣ΨһͬĿ¾뺮ǼŮˣϾһֱûг֣ҲմȾʲôѪȡ
ҲǴҶŮ˵չ˰ɣ


1913 пռ
ɲѪޱ󣬷ȥӲ֪
ֻһֲѪ˷𣬽ѪǳѪȣվھɲѪ׿⣬·֮С
ڴУǰɲѪ·һͷͷز¹ͷѪޣֻҪ룬ʱᱻ̵Ӷʣ¶٣ͨȥҵɽڵطɱˡ
һʱ䣬ǰѪӿɲѪҶóĬһЩ
ôźãʵ
Ȼȴûһ˸κλش𣬾ɫصĳĬԶԡ
Ҫɹȥ𣿡
ĬİУȴǺĿڵ
һ⼸˰Ŀⶼˢˢϡ
ѽ
һæѩƱ󣬴Ҽ紦Сͷˣĵְ֣˵𣿡
ûûŮô
һЦǵʱüЦСʱһ¶ޱȲõЦݡ
һĻҲôҾܰ·ЩϢ˺ܶࡣ
뵽ʲô
ʵûشϹԶ˵СӣŷɹȥҸ㣬ɲѪϿճѪ֮ˣԼѪ֮⣬ʥ֮ҲȻ޷УضѪ֮Уʬ޴棡֮ˣҲһַܹɵɲѪģ
ϹԶһҲ뵽÷ɵķɹɲѪǣȴһɫѿ˼㣬лвȫš
ȻϹԶ쫷ҽݣټϻ쫷ĪɽԱߵͷҲ᲻ţֻԽܰˡ
ͷӣ˭˵Ҫôˣ
һĨϷʣƵϹԶƲͷ浱Ҳ֪˵Щ
ʵ챾յִʱĲ֪ȴͨѩƵ⾫ϵѩǱ˽⵽еһУóȻڵʱѩҲṩһİ취֤ڳٲκ⣬ɽֶζԸңܹȫ˰ȫɹ
ʱ򣬲ϹԶֳ
Сӣа취˵Ҫ˵һӲƨɿӾͽϹԶ
ϹԶӵ۵ţȫûһֵģȴ˲һݸ
˵ʵڵģѾϰϹԶ֮Źֵʦͽϵ
Ҫ˵ˣ췴۹ȥ
С˰ɣϹԶߵ
ģ
۾һ·뵽ԼǰȫϹԶϣɵѿðһɵЦŪ˹Źֲѡ
˵أ
ϹԶٴһۣʱϰԵӣƲˣүдͲϲļһһʶˣ˵취ʵܼ򵥣ֻҲУٺ١ͷӣĽʺްɣ
Сӣл˵ƨţСǵɪʲôϹԶûĵ
ǰ˵ɣǶأҲȰ
ڼǵӣҾͲϲһʶˣ
ƲƲ죬漴ҵİ취ܼ򵥣Ǿ
˵䣬ֻһŲͬɫӱʱǽԭѪɫһƬȾͷ׵磬չֳһƬ֮ɫ
ʲô
Ϊ֪ڵ⣬Χ쫷˶׷ɻѡ
СӣԴˮˣ
ϹԶûĵʲôãСӸòǿнɲѪƿһͨɣڰΣ
֣
һƲ죬ϼһԴŽˮˣŰΣ˵Ҫô𣿡
áָˣ
ʦͽ񶷼ƵĵŶԷ˾òϣǺĽ޼ദʽҲ޷ܵܰŨ顣
ҲǿĿֱЦ˵ϰЩÿμ̿
ˣҲϼһϻˣ
һƲ죬漴ɫҪ˵һܣϣΪҡ
ôұţ漴תһ룬ѾֹͷѪؾУԼ˵һѾɽµУҲ޹غʲôܲܵˡ
˵֮ʱһ٣żǰͻ֮ʱȴǶ˸֮ǰռˮռһ㣬ҲǸռ䣬ռԼľռ䣡ռ϶Ϊһȴǳµпռ䣡
ҵƿУпռȴռ伫ΪͬУпռȻᱻ٣ǰɲѪˣ
˵һ˵Ҳ𺳲ݣһ𺳵Ĳ֪˵
˼˵ҵȽпռУٳ֣ɹɲѪæʵ
ڸղ˵ǡ֣ȴ˸Ϊ
˷֮Ժ󣬴ҷ׷ĳȥ
ˣ
ͷЦѾ˹ͷҲʲô֮ˣλԸΣ
пռ䣬ղּ򵥽ܣҶףһӦˣʮ֮˾ŶУ¶ôһʡ
ȻȴС̫ϻĿеĵλ
²ã˷׷Ӧŵȫûж˼ʱ䡣
㲻ö˵ˣҪôɣ֮Ե㣬˭
ˣǾҷеֿ
Ϊж˺Ե
ܿ죬ڳǧ˱Ӽ䣬ȫпռ֮УԼҲˡ
Ϊĸռ䣬˵ĻκһؾΪ鱾칲ΪһԵʣŻ֮Ƴ⣬ȴԽпռȥ˼ԡ
˽УտʼﻹЩ䱸ֽܿ䱸ȴȫȻʧȡ֮һռԼϲĵطʼָ֮ǰһ·ܵģȴиԻϲѡ
Ҳ飬Լúˣ󣬱ǿɵɲѪϿգλûȥ
һĻˡ
Ѫ֮Ѫ֮⣬κ˻ħ޷ɵʱضѪεĿֲɣȻɵɲѪȴ޷Ӧһӣȫǽ鵱Ƶģù۲һеİܲɽµ˾ŭɽ¸ǽŪǰĲ½һƬ̬֮ΨԼᱻ꼰㡣
пռ䣬˼ں޲֮£ѾǷɹɲѪƣŹȥһʱңѾִλɲѪһ޴յϡ
ķΧܴȻȲ򣬵붫κһķΧˣܵѪɫϢĲ·ǽ뵽һ޵Ƶģ
пռУۣҲûʲôֻ֪ͨȫĲٿУ˽뿪пռ䣬Ȼȵĳյϡ
˵ɫ£Ϊ֪֮սڲ֮󳹵״죡
һսϵңϵ


1914 Ѫ鼫ħ
µɫУĵȴ־ϲ
ΪпռУʶĿ˴󲿷ֵľ֮Ϳˮ֮Ϊˣͨˮ֮ҵľ֮ǰѪɱ¾ܵȫȫָһĶȻָ˸۷״̬
֮⣬Ϊ֮ǰɱ¾սҲ࣬񾳽ȹ̣໥ҲԽĬҲǴڴ˿ıĸԭ֮һ
Ҹ׼һ£Ǽ
һ֣˺ԥӦŵ
пռ飬˶̬һθı仯
ȲԵļҲ˶ˡ
˸׼ʱλҲյһ𣬾ϹԶĪɽ˽յһУҲڼŽļƻǲû˷һʱ䡣
һߣյλá
˵ִ֮󣬴ҵɫΪѿ
ǲûɲѪֹܹһǿ㲻ֹҲʧأƫƫȻ˵ִͨֺһİƺݺ˦ڰܲɽ⼸أ
ʹް
ǺζΪʲôЩ죿
ܲѪӥΧУȻǹɭ
ʦеţΪ飬ľ飬ˮ飬飡ɽص
顭
ܲһʱüһЩѪӰԸ졣
ܼ޲ھȥС
ֹˣ
ɽ¼ͽ֪ٻռţ֮Ȼߣ
ߡ
ܲƽһЩ
ȻΧѪӰȴԽƵʾʱȴûƽ
ˣҪˣ
ܲȻǵͿͽ̫ϻıˣϣ㲻ñʧ
ǣͽ
ɽӦŵжĺȴԽǡ
Ȼܲ飬ǾôҲ޷ռΪСʱ˿̣ɽȫǽһеϣĺ޲Ѫ
̫ϻˣ
뿪˴ɽŤͷ̫ϻԵ
Ҫô̫ϻ˶٣ʵ
Ȼ
ɽЦĪ̫ϻΪԼǱߵ˲ɣ룬ֻ֪ΣߣõֳʹĪǣ̫ϳҪʱ䣬ȥֻسһֻͨˣֻسһͷ˼̤ɱ¾
˶٣ɽ˫ɢɱ⣬Ȼһֿܡ걻Դ˳ɢ֪̫ϻԸֵһ֣
֪ˣȥţ
̫ϻתɽһôһ仰֮ʧֻʣɽԼԭվһǳЦݡ

һжȫ޺ۼ϶ɽǵļиܴﵽʶĽ£Ҳû˿ٵ˼չٶȳյλȥ
һ·ϣҲ˲ٵѪ֮ˣֶЩԪԪģ첻κӰ죬ǽ
ͣ
Ȼ䣬ȴǰֹɫޱȻ
ѪɫȻƲ쳣ȴķֺܲԾ˶ͣ
Ҳôһ˲䣬òԸ˶˷ͣ𣬶ľƣʸϹԶĪɽ飬ټط֮Ҳߵǰ뺮ȼŮҲˡ
ְ֣ôʲôԾ𣿡
ѩƣΧȴûκ쳣
˻Ҳˣ
ҲֲǣϾǶûʵ֪ЩҲ޷ȡ
ѩƣ֣
ҡҡͷûж˵ʲôȴǳѩʹһɫ
ء
ѩԣڹԹԵһк󣬱ǴĻһԾ˲ָϹѩʨı壬ǰ߿жȻһŭϲ֮İ׹⳯˷ͬһˮƲǰ淽Բİ׵һȫ
˾ĿĿţ˿ġ
Ȼڰ׹Ĳ֮ǰȻռһҲѪ׷ͬˮƵӿŻȻ仯˲ĹѪǽһ˵ȫ
ô£
˾ɫ䡣
󷨣
۹۲ܣȫûзԸκ˲ҪҶ
ǣ
˴Ӧŵ󲻾ãͬʱ֪ˣ
˵ķֱ쫷ҽĪɽ飬Լ֮׺

ɲǼ䣬˶ǡ
ͺǫУĪɽɫصĵûĻӦѪµĴ֮һΪѪ鼫ħ󣡡
˵꣬Īɽ鿴һ뺮Ůͷͬż˵Ѫ鼫ħ쫷˽òֻ֪࣡һоһһɣؽǣ꣬תͶ̥ĻᶼûУ
˻
Щڵ˶һ
ֹˣ
֮֮ԻѪ鼫ħ֣˸ղĪ˵֮⣬һҪĵطһڱɱ֮ڿƵĻôɱ֮˵Ϊ󷨵һ֣ΪѪħѪħԽ࣬Ҳ󷨵Ѫ鼫ħϹʱڣҲѪµıɱ󷨣˿ƣ
˵˿ơֵʱԵע⵽һĨâʱҲӦ³Թİɣ
ûʲôõ취ľƼæʵ
Ŵ˻˵Ŀ⼸ȫĪɽ飬뺮ϣȴԵЩĬôҲʧ
𡭡
ͻأģѩȴͺȻк壬ȴ۾һŮ·Ϭһ㣬ܿͬʱ¶һĨЦݡ
ôа취ˣ
ϽʵףЦˣﻹѪµĿأѩƣˣҪȻȻȥ֮ļȾȫûˣ
в
һЦá
ȻĻȻָѩȴһܲǰצ˲ӣ漴һ֤Ƶģٴڿգ˳ϰ׹ʢһֲΪĳ˷Ӷȥ
׹ЩѪûκγĿܡ
ȻҪȴǰ׹·ʶƵģ𽥽ڳȫ֣γһķ֣˶һ𺳡
ѩƵĵͺٴһ֣һǰҪ뿪Щ׹ķΧ
Ȼ˶Դ˲飬׹ЩѪľ޴ƣǸղĵ׵Ļʧ롣
ܿұ㻺ǰУǰ׹ҲŽŲʼնıУܵ󷨻κӰ졣
Ȼ⻹û꣬Ѫ鼫ħô򵥵ĻɽԴôأ


1915 ħ
ҼǰߣȻȥǿƲ̫ԶĶ棬Ȼ˲ʮȴûһ룬¾ܵĻҲڼΪı仯ţȴоֱ仯ǱϵĶѣʵЩԾԭ˵ܺء
ѩƣ
һУԭǰ·ѩʱԹͣͷ죬˫ͭС۾Уȴ¶˼Ϊ֮ɫ
Ҷͣ£
ѩ»ﹷģɻԼкֶʱȫͣס漴ɫصɨΧ
ұѩƵİ׹ȫţܵѪʼȴǱԽŨУЩѪ·˿Ƶģʶܿ׹ʴΧ
ôˣߵߣʵ
Ȼҡҡͷȴδ˵ֻ͸׹֣ܾĿļţɫԳء
⸱ģ˷׷üǴʱҲǽͷӶ㲻׵׷˺¡
ûãȴǷ׷׾
ǰ߿ɼ֮Ѫ⣬ƵĽںһ𣬼ΪٵֳһͷͷѪ޵ӡ
֮ǰЩѪޣʱЩȫѪ죬ȴֳһְ͸״̬һ˫˫۾޾ɱ⣬Ҫһ˵ȫ˺Ƭһ
ô£
ȲѣȴҲ˼ֵҡ
ղ첻ôͣµĻ¾а׹ıҲ𲻵á
һǰЩŹֵѪΧؽ룬Ѫ鼫ħȫûҲûпܵ飡
ЩѪ飡
˵ǲһѪޣħڱŰɱͨһطƶɣɱ˼Ѫ֮⣬ģһѪ֣ҪѪʧ뿪

˵ҶȻɫ˲䡣
ǴʱףеġѪ顯ִӺζ
ֹˣ
Ҳ֮ԵһѪɱ̫֮࣬յѪ֮ҲԽ࣬ôȵһ̶ȣǱɺʶֻܱ֮˿ƵѪħѪħ³֮˵ǿɱ֮⣬ûа취
ˣЦһ£Ϊεҡҡͷ
ûʲô취ܹЩѪ飿ʵ
߿ɼֻ֮Ѫ֣һ͸ʱͷƮʱܰ׹˸һ·ǰĹֱֱһ˵ɫԽѿ
˾٣ǶصƣôҼͷΪŭ
취
ҧҧ취һɡ
ʲô켱æʵ
ɾЩѪ飬޷ƿڵѪ鼫ħôѪҲֹĲӣɱģǻص
󷨲ǹؼ
˼ɵۡ
漴ֳīƣٻŮȥɻӦȴŮεĿЦ
ֻˣ
һһ齫Уѩһ֮ҾͲˣ֮ϵΪû취ƿʲӵѪ鼫ħ󣡡
ְ֡
һȴ˲䡣
ˣϹԶطȵҲǽҡͷ
ô뱣֤ǵİȫеΣնԼȥԣ
ͬ⣿
ô˭а취ƿ󷨣˭а취ЩѪ飿۵
⡭
һĬ
ǻǰȰ˵ͼᶨֻԣɳ֮һӶֿıпռУͺǼŮҲˡ
Ӻ󣬾ֻʣԼȱߵѩˡ
ѩưھֻʣˣ
ḧѩƵ˳ëЦŵô²£
𡭡
ѩƵͺһһǰơ
ãǾȥЩѪж
Цܿѩƴһţǽİ׹ȫ췭ϻָѩƺ󱳣϶ΪһƵģһ⳯ǰֱȥ
ʱЩѪ׼Ŀ꣬һĹУ˷켱ٿ£
ٶȣȻ˶١
κѪ٣صʵȴҲȫ޷ȫڲһӵʱ䣬Χ㱻ЩѪȫΧȥѪ黹Ѫ飬ǹĽ˼㡣
ȴۣĨаЦԽԡ
Ϥ˿֪Ѿг֡
ϣ
쿴ԽԽѪ飬ȴ͵һѩƺ󱳣ڴУ˲𡭡
𡭡
ͬʱѩһŭ˲׹У߸һģһѩƣһ׹˸У֮ϣת˲ռ߸λãɱǵ״
ȴⱱǵĸϿգ˫ֿٵӡһɲǼĹѩߴɱ֮䣬γһศɵĹϵӡУ߸ǵԣ·Щԭ׷ѪŸҽвѣ·ʲôƵġ
ǣħǾڣӵ޾ħ֮
ѩƱѪ֮˵ĿԣټϲóɱǶǶħܹ֮Ч
ⱱħҲղźȻһľѰ취
·ЩѪӣɱһһӡ֮ѩߴɵıǶʱȫһµٶȷɢűλõԲ䣬ħķΧǶħ֮УЩѪƵķɢǸȽ벽

һȣȻͷųޱǿѹͬʱǱǿʼת޾Ƕħ֮ӣЩɢȥѪȫС
֨֨֨
ҽнϣޱȴ̶ҡ
һֻһֻѪ鱻ɱһ̻ƮɢȴǸûκθеЧ
һĻûκ֮ģ
һֻѪ黯ɢ΢һȴףⲢǽΪʲӵѪ鼫ħûȥֻҪδƣôѪʱпܻٴγ֡
ԣҪץסѪ鱻ʱΣȡһٽѪ鼫ħƵ
һٴӡһָ֮ƶٵע뵽ѩƵ߸ڣһɲǼٴιâʢľ£߸ٴηɢת˲γһıǣ󷨿ռУռǶλã޾Ƕħ֮ϲϵӿ
֮ǣƣ
һȣڳķ֮ԪӿʱǱǼٷǿǶħ֮ϯǻ֮ศɣ˲󷨿ռѣѪɫɢܿѾ˼Ƶơ
Ȼһ˲䣬һģӰȴͻأĸֳûκζǰ£ԭ󷨿ռȶʱĿҲৡһ˴ϡ
֪˲ɽ£ҲǬôֻһֿܣԼһֱ׷Ǹˣ


1916 裬Ź֣
һ֣ܵ󷨿ռȫȶһɰӵ첻ɵһԭЩǶħ֮ҲɢѩƵ߸ҲǷ·ܵĳǿҵļѹ¹ѩƱ塭
𺳵Ķ֪˵ʲôá
ȻȻĶྪ죬ȴޱ飬ֻƽѩſȱߣ̧˫ĿǸģģòˣоâ˸ҪЩһУû벻ŬǰһƬģ
µʲôˣ
ۣѩ˳ëϸҿ϶ʶĪǸ¶ˣԾɲԸ֪
ڰܲɽµȼǰʹõԼҲŮ
Ȼʱʻ֮ȴǱзŮŮ죬޷ֱ档
㲻ϣ֪ģҲ֪ǻص
Ѫ鼫ħֱʰɣ֮ǰôѪޣҲһֲ߻ʵ
ǰɣǬҲģ˵ͷ
ڳ֣뽫ɱˣ
üͷ壬Խ
죬Ը⽻ӵе飬ұ֤ζһǼ֪ͼˣԺúõĻȥ˻Ե
ǡ飿Ǻǡ
ЦˣЦгų
Ӧú˽ҵΪˣ㿴̰֮Ц
ǣ
ҡͷ漴ɾ㲻ںԼѵҲںŮǣ䡭ѾкüˣҪǳʲô飬ܹİģУܹȫţĺӳԺûи𣿡
㡭
ɫһ䣬˫ͫ΢΢һԭƽȵϢʱȴӿֳŨŨɱ
һӹɣ
ŮˣгƸеĺȴǳѨ
Ǳңɱ㣿
һȻǧýţϵϢԽ䣬ɭ
򲻹ҵģ
ҡͷƺأ˻򣬵Ǵ򲻹ҵģ
㶼֪
˵Ļ˫кâһЦǺ˽ҵİ㵽˭
ԺԻ֪ˣʱδ
Χʹâ΢˼£漴ֵˣҲ˵ˣӵе飬Ȼȫ£Ϳ԰ȫ뿪ұ֤ĺ֪ܹ꣡
˵Դˮˣ
ꡯĸ֣첻ЦңꣿʵǰˣǻʲôͷˣҲ˭Ҫ־Ϳ㣡
찡죬Ǻοأ
̾̾ҡͷ㲻ʶȤĪǻΪλӮɣ
ϻ
һ֣˲ӿҪʹ㣡
ˣҲ͹ֲˣ
һҡͷ漴Ȼ˫һȶ󷨿ռٴӿѪɫͷϿУһѪɫ粻Ϸ裬Ƶġ
ǿƣЩĦռʮ̶ִ·ܹӰ˵һ㣬ɫһٱ䡣
žž
Ѫɫ缱ٳ֣չֳ˷·֮׽ٸӿֲơ
ۣǧýȴǲЩɶ
ѪɫȻ֮׽еӹ켸֣䱾ʶȫһģ˿ȷƲɵĿֲƣȻȴǲȻǰ飡
ϴڴ۷һԾصʱʹɹЩ͵׽٣Դ˷ȻЩѪɫ翴֮׽ٵӺˣʵ϶˵ȴ㲻ʲô
˶ĸ涼Ϊ˽⣬˵֪ܲЩģ
ôΪʲôҪôأüͷͷϿЩѪɫĴ̶֮ȴĵ˲䲨
ˣȲˣ
ۣȴǲŽ黽ǳǧý趯һâϿռȥɿЩѪɫһ
ϡ
һһĽâѪɫײ󼸺ͬʱʧ
ϿֳһУȴǰġ
ѪɫУȻâ⣬·޴ƵģǵصѹǷƻһ㣬ֱϢ
ʵͲףټԱѩƵĴڣ˷˵ȻһӰ죬ȴ㲻̫ء
顭
첻ûʹãɲ֪ǰǲǻʲôıʵΪ򵥣ó鷴ǿжߣ񲻸㣿
죬𣿡
˵ٴγֵ֣У쾹˼ֵļ١
ƺЩİΣ
첻ٴüͷ
Ҫʲôʲôˣ
νǰ˼⣬ֻԵޱȹŹ֣
һ棬϶Ѫ֮ɣһڵƺĺܹԼ
ʶȤǾͱˣ
һϿյѪɫǽ׹£֮ǰЩâ赲Ȼûʲô̫á
ã
ȥ˼˵ĹŹ֮һ䣬ѩһͬ˲ƿ
˲ƣٶȼ죬Ƭ󷨿ռڶڵӰÿÿѪɫ䣬ᱻǰȻƵȷΪǱҲܵһ𵴣ȴûʲôʵԵ˺
Σ˿¶Ӷɣ
ѪɫĲһУ˲ٶ˿ѩҲ˲ƹаֿǵϵҲʮĬЩֲ磬ӿĿռ֮ȴҲֻܸȥһӰ죬˿ûѩʲôΣ
ǣȴҲͬףôȥǰ취
ƴˣ
ȥʮӺһڼ˲˸ͬʱ鱻˳
һ֣㻯һֱ˸ޱҫ۵ĵ⣬ѪɫĻУȴԵôҫۡ
Ŀ£ɢΪǿΪģγһķ𽥳ӣΧٵѪɫУʹǿ΢һ
ûע⵽ģȴǲԶˣڿֺ˫пٵһĨϲɫǼӴѪɫĹƣȻʱΪĳ֣ЩѪɫ缴֣ܹٴγѩչƣ֮ǰȴǲ࣬˵ǰһûС
һĻͬܲɽʦͽУͨļֶΣʹõ飬ȴǲԼͬıֳ˼Ϊ̰ɫ
ɽεĺܺã
Դ֪ܲҲ뽫ȥ֮㽫Լ̰ѹĵΨֱܲʱͽܣҲ֮ǡ
ܲʲôˣɽ
ΪԼȫϧһУ˵ͽˣӿҲˡ


1917 㣡
飬ʱĲ٣תƵƳѪ鼫ħϣ
Ѿķֱ֮ǰѪ飬ɲžеĵѪɫ磬Ѫ鼫ħɣ򵥵˵ֶֹΣʵ֮ǰá
Ҫ״״ôֱӵľ
ָȥأ
֮ǰµıǣȻȫʧǰ˵ĹעУ컹ѩƸû취

첻Ц̾˿
ʱĹâԽҫֹۣ󷨿ռУͬһҫ۵̫
ȴڼ˸εʱԾɿ鲻ܵѪɫ磬Ϊ֮ľϵظܵϴģֳԵϲã
ҲǴ˷УеһССջ밲ɡ
׸ô죿
üͷٶȴ˿
ڣڹȥʮӺѪɫȻȫʧ˵Ŀ³ײûԸֱӻһɻڡ
ڷɵߵʱ龹ȻͬСڳҫƵģΧתһȦع塣
첻һЦȴϲá
ԽԽǿ˵Ҳһܺõ顣
ڣؼԾ
ܲһֱѪ鼫ħУ˳żваɣ̫һЩ
֮ǰֳֹŹ̬ȣҲģȥ˼⣬ȴҲĪ˵Ҫʲô
ˣ
ͻأģ۾һȴȻһԼͷôæðˣ
ھֻҺѩƣ˶пռУֻҪֺܹαطҪȥأⲻ˷Ѿ𣿡
Цã޲úݺԼ¡
ѩƣ
һٵѩƻصұϵӡУȻڿգռ˲ֺǿҵĿռ֮ٲţ˫ӡȵռ似λӰ
УαԭʧЩռ֮ӿƵλãǽ˸УֻܿΧٴһ䣬ȻѪ鼫ħаȻ뿪
ͳȥˣ
˿Ŀ࣬漴ȴһĨϲɫ
˵ʵڵģ컹߰ȫ뿪Ļ治֪׸ôźá
ĵ˵ΪУ˵ˡ
ô£̫ϻѪ鼫ħСô뿪һߣܲҲǵɴ˫ۣŭ
ʦ᲻̫ϻ
ɽ³һ£˵
û˵ֱ꣬ܲӻִϣ׼˵
ǣʦ
ɽ¹Ӧŵŵ˫ȴ˸żΪĹâ
ʵڿռһֵʱɽ±㿴ˣȴδܲȻ϶Ҳɽµ̰
еԼղŵ飬ѾðܲΪ̰ˣ֪컹пռ飬ҲסˣеܲԶ֣ôɽһᶼûУ
˵ɽ¸صǿռ飡
һߣɹΪ˷ֹѪ鼫ħٴһ˲ɵ˰￪⣬ͣЪ
û뵽㾹ȻܹҵѪ鼫ħɵ֮ǰôûУոס֮ʣ˹ڶһæŤͷȥ
ⲻ˾Ҳͬʱ˹ٴü
˵ʵڵģ˵ľʵҲɽһѾԽľ磬浽ʲô첢ҺͶľе伮ҲûҵһЩ
ƺγһֶϲ㣬˸޷Խȥ
˵ݣĵҲǲ²֣ԾһӰԺоþòɢֱȻԸȥţ˵š
һʱ䣬֮·һֹƽ
ǿŶԷվþδ
죬Ǿ仰ˣ뿪
һ˻ٸһ㣬ԴѪԵϵˣľƣΣ
˵أ
ۣϷʵ̰֮ˣͲԴһѪ鼫ħˣ
һˣδذɣ
ЦΪǲ֪ǵ٣ʵ㣬ԴǽѪռԺеľٶǵļ֮¡
ʲô
ôԣʱɫ䡣
ƺ֪ʧ󣬵תڸһᣬ㡭
ض˵ˣ
ִϵǾ仰Ҫʹ򣬲ϻ
Ǻοأҡ
˻ո˵ȴǶȻɫ˲䣬תøȻˣǾɣֻҪˣпռеЩˣ¾ֻܱɣʱ˵֮أ
㡭
ò˵⻰ȷֱӴĵҪ
ʲôռ䣬ôǿķпԣһΪ֮ǿռеһж̱ȳ֣ǲģ
˵һôпռ˱޴ΣСط⼸ټ춼ͺǼŮΣȴǲԶпȫڴ䣡
ɸһս
˿죬Խɱ
кβң
˵սѰʱһ汣֤˵İȫһпܵĻҲܻ׽ɽ´ȥһв
ڰܲĴڣֱҲȫ֪顣
ৡ
˵˲ԭʧٴγ֮ʱѾϷĸ߿ա
۾һУȴǼæϣ
ûٶԵĽ뵽˼ս״̬׵ĸ߿Եޱȼҡ
һʱ䣬ȴҲƽɫľ棡
ȻŴţȴЩԾ
˵ĺüιǴһЩĿռ֮𽥽ܻǣܿγһĿռ䣬Щ֮˵򣬵ͬǣռֻˣһ˿һڡ
ɻ֣㲻Ϊʲô
ֹȥʮӣԲʮ֮ڵһУѾռȫǣͷ·γһյشûκһ춼ֻܱںΪĿڱǸ޷κһ
ʱ˺Ȼͣס֣ˣͣ°ɣ
ţ
üëһ֣ͣҷ˵ʮ׿ΣҲ֮ٹ
Ҫʲô
ʵȻĻԽԽ󣬿Χɵһнʧһ˫۾ǵýݵɲǼ䣬̲סľȻ㣡


1918 ڣ
Ȼ㣡
ȷ𾪣Ŵͣһŵӡ
ɫУ˫ȴһĨȻˡ֮ɫ
û
֮ǰһֱԸšԸȥǸ²֮ˣվǰġ̣
ڣ
¸ղҲ֣վǰ컹ǲš
ң
ףö㷢Ȼź£񽫱ĿչֳָֻǱȴ޷Լ۾ġ
̣ôܻ㣿ɽ°ߵˣһʵ
ɽûʸκ£ڵԵ
üͷ΢壬ֵô˵Ѫ֮еĵλɽ˸ߣ
ȻѪ̫ϻܹȣ
˵ţȴǿЦѣἰǡ̫ϻ֮ʱ֮ǰκһѪ֮˶вͬЩͬһڵ˫۲Ѫ죬˵֣
μ䱻ǿжȡҲİɣĬһʵ
ǣ
ڵͷ˵㲻ضˣʱеһжģϴΣϹҲҰɽ´ȥϢ
ʲô㣡
ھȣ˲ɫǱޱȱߣ֮
޹أ
û˵꣬ڱҡͷϵҲеźûҪɱκһ˵˼
Ǻǣô
ȻЦһ£Ϊ۷ʸϵ̫ϻΪʲôҪѪ£˵ΪѪµ̫ϳϣⲻڡ
˵ʦ桯ȴû˵
֮⣬ȴѾʮԣڲס
ҡ
죬¶֮ɫʲôû˵
΢һٺȴǼһȰ뿪ɲ֮ǰô򵥣
ΪʲôҪ뿪ѵΪΣգ
Ц㲻Ѫµ̫ϻΪʲôҪȰ뿪
ҡĲ֪ͣͱˣ֮ܶҾԲẦģڵΪż˿̣ܵռ֮Խ٣ƺڸǽľһ㡣
һô㣿
˫һ̯ڣǰ̣˵ȰˣȥҲһüͷʲôݣʶṆ̀ߡѪ̫֮ϻ
ҡ
ɫһ䣬ЦĪ治ˣ뺦Ļαصȵڣ

һۣ΢Ȼˣ˵˵ɣĪǣҪѪ£ҪΪУѪµ׸ô㾹ȻΪ룿
㲻Ĳ
ڿЦҡͷǣѪ£Ҷ뿴κһ̶㻹ķݶϣɷӣˣꡭ꣬ҾҲκ֮ˣô
ꣿ
⻰첻ۡ
ڵ飬û˿˵ѣΪʲôƫƫҪأ
еʲôԣ
쵱ụ̈һôƺɡ
ڿЦһ£ҡ
֪ζʲô
Ҳףɽʩչħطһɹô򽫻ʲôӣһ㣬ӦñҸǣ
ҸӣɽأŹѽҵждˣ޲ɱҶ죡
ǣԸӦֹͣħطұ֤֮ڲκ֣򡭡
컰˲ٶԡ
ȴĿЦΡ
֪˵ȫܣ
˵ɽˣǰܲҲȻͬ⣡ңħطһʼʩչ;Բͣ£ػʩչ֮ˣҲɽɼķɣ˻Σ
ɽλӦ
ôû˵ˣ
쿴˿ڣֵﵹм⣬㣬֪̿ɷҽ𣿡
㡭ʰɣ
ڳ̾һҲԥһղǰҴսΪ˶Ŀɽ¿ģ
ǣڵͷشĺʹ졣
ڶħطʩչľصĶʵҲܹؼ
治֪
ҡͷصɽû˵ҲöʣϾȻ̫ϻѪڲ飡ңɽжҲôΣ
ðɣôһ⣡
쿴˫ۣ֪δ˵ѣ΢һٺż˵ɲѪ֮ڣɽµʦҲǰѪ֮ţһֱڱչǷд£
û뵽㾹ȻҲ֪
ڲĿһ죬ȻɫУ˵ͷصԲɽµʦΪܲ
ܲ
۾΢У˸â
ʵΪףҶҲûбʤİգ
ڼҴʮֵأҲδʵĿ¾վĽǰȴҲԾһѪӰ
Ŷ
üëһ۷壿֮ϣ
ˣ֮ϾǺξ磿˶٣ٴʵ
⡭
⣬ڲɫһͣΪӵĿһ죬ԥ˺һ̾ҲգݺʵҲò˶þ֪ˣڸ㵹Ҳ޷
֮Ϊʣȴûô֣֮ǷΪף֮ϸֻǸξͲܽӴˣ
֮ԣ첻һૣס𡭡
֪ΪΣ𡯶ֵʱһ·ǰϤ
ڵʵʽ׶Σʵ
½۷壬δͻˣڿЦԳ
ꡭ
Ǹ֡
Ҳ²⣬ǰܲн۷壬пѾϽףڼ

ʱôɽأ
ǲ֮ǰŲ½ףҲ̫ȶ򵱳ֹʱ򣬾棬ɽֺα˳룿ǸʱΪ粻ȶóȻ֣˵
ðɣ֪ˣ
ĬĬͷɫΪ
ȴǼԵڵȷǶԸѪµʱǼĻпȫûУ㵣ġ
˵ˣ
û˵꣬㵱ִϵȻѾһҲǲ˵ģ˵ˣʾͺ˲ҾͲˣϻ޵֮ˣ
㡭
û뵽쾹Ȼˣɫ֪ΪЩûж׽¾ôȰ˵ҲȻˡ
һ⡭
ĬһȻ˫һ̧ȥɫ̣һ飡㵽վߣѪǱߣϣܹúÿǣԼʧҲôʧ


1919 ħǾ۶
ĻڶʱٴγĬ
˺ü죬ȴʲô˵ɫø
ôѻش𣿡ЦɫҲһЩʧȴڴ
Ҳ˵ǰϤڱʵԸվԼߣôԸѪµİҲһЩ
ѾˣֻҪڴӦôȥһб㲻׷͵ǸѪ˲ڣһжֻɽΪ໥¼ɶŪıơ
⻰ȴһЦ
ĿĽУһ̾һҡͷ˵Ͳһ𣿾갡
Լѡˣ԰ɣ
ûлشתԵ
˻һٿʧУȴԽڲһҪҡͷϣ漴֪뵽ʲôٴγĬ
Բҡ
ڳһҪ˵ʲô֮ʱȴ˲ɫһ䣬æ˲뿪ǿ챻ˣˣԼΪ֮
ٵո£ûʲôڵαԭ˲ʧĿռ֮Ҳɢһ˶վԭأŸղվλãþδ
ʵ벻ͨôΪѪµ̫ϻô˸ԸΪѪ£
ȻӵȷкܴĿԣʲôǲ˵أ
Ҫһ㣬ղںüἰޣҪ֮ڲѪ֣ȴΪΣ
Īǣʱ޷˵Ŀйأ
һеһУŽƵĳԺУϳʧ֮⣬ޱȵɻ󣬸벻ס
ã
Ȼ䣬ɫһ䣬æ˼лعԥͨ˲ԭʧκͣЪ˲ʹöڲʱ䣬Զ˸ղǸطǧ֮ң
ܵÿ죬Ȼ»Σˣ
첻ɵЩ¡
Եĸоղվλһݵ֣΢Ӧһģ㲻ҲҪˣ롣
Ŀ˿ΧȷûΣ֮Żּ佫˴пռз˳
Ϊпռ˽еԵʣ֮ǰڵһУ춼ʶûôҿʶ˷֮һһɻ󲻽⡭
ȷʱѪ̫ϻϢ˵ģתһ룬ҳ綼֪
һ֪ҲܹһЩ׼ٲԺ˻̫
ȻڵĴڣ֪Ҳ࣬һʾҼԭϢкλԼһͬյһ𣬲һרΧһ硣
У콫ŷһһһʮ˵ʱһĿɿڴɫ𾪲ѣֱ۷ʸϵ̫ϳϣȻѪµ̫ϻһصôǴ˴ж»Ͼûʲô˻ȥ롭
ղ˵֮ʺ󾳽磿ɽºǸνʦܲʾ磿
һɫΪصʵ
ǣ
ĬĬͷҵıѿ
ʡ
𡭡
Цѡ
֮УʵǿľҪˣȴԾֻء
ǰܲɽʦͽȴʾ磬ټǵзѵڣ֮ࡣ
ѵιѪռֻʧܸգԼ
ô룬Բܣ
һɽ³ɹʩչħطô򶼽ɺģҼֱ
ΪˣΪǸ۷ĴУƴһҲһҪ֯ɽ£ҲһҪѪ£Ѫ޷񣬻һա
ôĪҪʱܿꣿľüܹˣɽǾŹģ
Ǿܾʹ뿪
ҡҡͷѾһûк·ѡ񣡱ˣѾɲѪλյ
ԣǴҶ֮㲻ΪģҲҪΪǸԼĴпǣһɽ³ư׵ĻǣȻˣھͺѪƴףͷӦ
Ǵ˵أ
漴Ŀˡ
ط磬񽣣ľʸʸܷܷˣټ뺮Ů
ʵ˾ȫǶġ
Щˣ˵Ϊף˵ھͳȥǰܲɽƴҲȻһüͷ
ðɣǾͼΣѪĲػ
һ
Ҳٶԣֳ󣬱кһͬǰȥ֪ܲɽܹʱǵ٣ҲûٽʲôΣֱǰҪѪһԿļơ
һ·ϣҲٴ˲ٵѪ֮ˡ
λУѪ֮ȫɱһչҪѪƴһսġ

һߣһ˵һУ˰ܲԼǬ˿֮⣬Ѫ֮ɽ£ȴѾڴ˴λյһ׸ߵĸ̨ϡ
˴̨ʮֹ죬ԲλʲôΣǳֳŸǣÿһ̨λõḷֳֶ̌濴ȥ̨״ίʵֵ˼㡭
Ҫǣ̨λãҲɽϥĵطȴһȦȦѪɫӡǣգȥǹһ㣬ΨɽºǰѪ֮ܲףЩǷǷİˣʩչħط֮ģҲѪ»еĻܣ
ڣɽҪľħطɹ֮ǰҪһħ֮
֮ǰŴħѾ澭ɽµٴνŴħǼ롣
Ŵħǣɫµڸ̨ŸǴϥÿһ˵ɫΪ£λõɽ£иȣžɽҪɱҲֻһ仰ˡ
Ϊһ̣ɽ׼˲ʱ䣬ϴǵĹ򣬶ȻȴҲΪڣ
ֻħ֮ΪħطʩչУ𵽹ؼԵĵ춨ã
ŴħǣΪػħ¶ɣһϹ˵
֮ħǣ
Ҳ֪ɽµЩʲôһʺУǾŴħǵαһ貵Ѫɫâ֮ÿ˵϶һֲ̬ĺɫΨһ˫˫Уױȵķȡ
ŴŴš
ƬղϲǾŵѪɫ·Ѫռһ㣡
Ҫģȴ
ȻʲôŵѪɫȴ𺳵ķ֣ҹϣһħ֮⣬ȻħΪĳ˾ſ˸ѪɫâǣƺÿһŶħһ㣬ĳֹĺۼתЩѪɫâƻһ»ǻһأ˿㲻Ų΢ʱ䳤һЩԽ״̼ĵĸ
νħǾ۶
ʱһȻ֣ҲζŸµʱ䲻ˡ


1920 ѪѪ
أרԺС
һҹħ۵ΣǼŮһʱ˿˳Ժоۼһ𣬷׷̧գһɫ
ŴӣжҲǱɽ¼ӿħطʩչ񣬾ŴħȻۣħطʩչɹҲֻһ֮ңˣ
Щʲôأ
ŮɫΪѿ򵱼ʵ
ʲô
ƳҡͷʲôҲûãԴѪռУ

ˣ΢˶٣ż飬鷳һˣȥ簲˸ΪϲظһҪɱ¾ʵڲеĻҽԽǿץУҲԼħħǶԵӰ죡
ãȥ
ͷǳԺȥ
Ƶɫȴ˿ɣЦõڴϸ˸̾ӰӣҪ͸ɴ㿴Ϊﶼû취ȥæˣ㰡
ƶ£
ѣˮŮЩĵʵ
£ǰɣ
ף˸ľâɽЩ⣬ʵؼĻһˣ룬Ӧ֪˵ʵݣĿҲˣ
˵ǣǸ֮ˣ˭Īƶ֪ü΢׷ʵ
ɣ
򴽣ݲһһеĻ⣡ϣܹʱͷȻ
ˣ̾̾ȷʵûٴζԡ
ǽһ񣬾

ѪռУɲѪģյڡ
һУǶ޲ΨһܹоͬģѪɫΪӯֹܸܵѹҲԽԽǿ
ɽڼħطˣ
ȻȴĲ²⣬ҪҲĲ²õӡ֤
ûж˵ʲôһ˵ȼǰУε·;ȴȫָķУΪʲôԭܼ򵥣Ϊ˵֪ɽڵλá
ҪƳħط֮ǰطʩչܹ֮ʱֹ֮⣬ҲֻΨһһ취ˣǾɽ¡
Ȼ˵ܲҲ֪ħطʩչϾֻһ
ƾ֮ǰɽµĽ֣Ѿڿе֪ɽµʵ½ףȴҲǸڵƾ½ɱҲܱȵԺͬʱԸǰܲɽʦͽҪõöɣ
Ҫ߶ãʱϲ𰡣ڶǰ棬ʵ
Զְ֣㿴ǰ棬ǾɽڵλãûǸָ̨ǰ˵
˳ָķȥùȻǰǧ⣬һ̨Ȼ׵ȷ㲻̫ߣΪѪɫâ֣ܻҲԵΪͻأʮֵԡ
ˣߣ
ͷкŴһͬӿ첽ڴ˴ǰйУǺλһ£ҽ˷ɢ֮ͬǰѪƶͨһֳڣÿһռͬķλ
һγɰΧȦԷֹѪ֮˵룬һĻá
һȴǸҪģ˭Ҳ֪ܵ׾ʲôֳҲԸıһǰܲǬ֣ҲԶһʱȴԮ
طǰǸ̨ȥͺǼŮǱ
˵첻ǵʵҪúŮ˶Ӧ֣ϾܹһĶ϶Ǿеľˣʧȥһ۵ġ
ϹԶĪɽ쫷ҶڣǱϾһЩȼԺԲƣټŮô߸ܹչ˵ķΧҲͻ󣬸ҵİȫҲṩıϣ
Դˣ뷴ţĽȰ˵£ֻӦ£ǿɰģȴôҶһݸ
죬Ǿôֱӹȥ
ط绷ܣʵ
Ȼ
ͷ˵һֱڱ֮УҲˣôĹȥ
аɣģ
طʼ磬ľͿȻҲκ
һ˱չʱѾ˸ղżǸ̨֮¡
׼ȷ˵⴦̨ʵǽһɽɽ۴ֻղǧ֮⣬ΪߵԵʣȴǿɽĴڣϾɽ㲻øʣһΡƶûУ
Ҫ˵ʲôĻֻ˵ɽʵеһһϽǸ̨Ҳǽض֮Ƕд
֡
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طȴûһۣ˵úҾͲƵģ
ôֻһֿܣ
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￴ȥѰɽûʲô𰡣
طüܣԱߵĶľʸʸܷܷǶˣǼһֱ߹ȥ𼸿ʯͷһ鿴ԾûзκβԾ֮
졭û뵽ǾȻܹҵɱ˱𣿺ðڴ֮ǰ˵ɣ
΢֮ʣɽ䳰ȷ洫ôɫ˲䡣
ɽ£
ҧ˫ԾŷŭĻ档
Ǳɱ𣬲죡

Ц޾ĳ죬طǶ޵ҧҧ޲ھͳȥɽʬΡ
үʲô
Ȼ䣬ǰɽƶŨѪ⣬ٳλ÷ȥ
Ѫɫӿڿ񽣵һУѪⲻںϷ裬ת˲ѾֳһѪһֻѪӣɢʵʵ֮ŷưĿֲƣת˲ѾǴӰ˼˽ǰ
ģһһﲻ򵥣
ķ֣ƾȻһ㣬ϾǸоڵϢ
Ȼò˵
ط˱ռ˲ͬķλӿ֮Ǽٱŷγһɫֽȫ֣ɹĵסѪѪĹơ
ͬʱҲ֮ˡ
ĻͬʱצϯɫֵסѪѪɲǣǴ޾ƿ֮ݺѪѪһܽӴ
һȫȻݺݲһ£ѪѪȥ֮ȴǽŭţ֮
԰
۾һУһ߿ͻĹƣһȴǼΪķ֣ѪѪﾹȻӵǣҲǸղΪʲôܹоϢڵԭˡ
ȻкȻһŵͷĪѪ֮ĸɱȡѪѪ


1921 ѩƳ̨֣֮ϣ
֮ڶлǼ˸оޱǿҵɱüɫ
¾ղطǵ֮ѪѪ࿹ƽɫټֽǿˣʵֳﻹط˸е˼𵴡
ڰзһ֮ѪѪϮ
һΣѪѪңķӿʱƱǣױȵĿֲϢ
ȥ
ۣʾطǱԼ󣬱һǧýһΪƿ֮УٳѪѪӭȥ
һΣȴƵģɽܣ죬˾𵴣ط֮ıȴҲʼ޷ĳһ֣ǵı𽥱ò԰˲٣һţ֣һû࿹˾桭
磬ôȥа
âѪѪＤսӣʸܷܷûжʱôȥģ
ף
ͷ漴䣬ұϰɫâʱʢһУѾ״ʱǼ˴ѩƣȴڳֵĵһʱ䣬ѾָϹѩʨı塣
˶ӣͭ˫ۣټϻѩëƮѩƴ˿չֳޱǿơ
һŭ𣬸캳֮ٳֵһɲǼ䣬ǻâսѪѪ˲èƵģ롣
Ȼı仯طǿĿɿڴ
ȻѾ֪ѩѪ֮˿ǵ飬ϵ⻹ǵһأǶѪѪʵ֮ܶѪ֮˶߳٣û뵽ѩƸһ֣ܹ˾޴ЧֱôҶ۽磬֡
ѩƣˣ
ֽâ˻±ǧýУųѩ˵
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ѩƺԥĵͷȴվԭضҲδڽɲǼ䣬ѩƵ˺ü£͸ӰѸټֶգۼĹ򣬱ѩǰֳһһͷϻӡ
⣬ҲǺ֮ǰͱѩǿշ˵צƽ
׼ȷ˵ǵΪȡ飬ѩշһһĿ˳ɣȻǸȡ֪ҪѶ¶أ
Ѿ֪жʱ䣬ûпѩһһˡ
ôʱȻצƽԾû壬ϿѾûʲôˣɢϣ֮֮ǰǿ˲֪ٱ
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˿ѩƵģͷ·ǺµĴ󽫾һ㣬طǼ˿ĺǺֱ֡
ء
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ڸ죬ƾСһﻹѩƴСԳ֣
㰡㰡
ЦãҪʰǣôʰ㣡
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ѩֺõͷ򣬶һͺԿʵԵǰӣ˲ʱצƽһʱһһͼӴ˹ơ
ţĿ֮£Ѫֱӱצ˽£ҲղŶԸ֮ʱƣɵĶ˲֪˵ʲôˡ
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쿴ӦѪڵǣҪצĲεͺܶ࣬ټ屾϶һЩ׼ܹ࣬ľЧ
һߣƽΪηΪʳ˵ǡ
ȻѪѾûʵ壬ҲǱƽǿѹƣڴʱƽĳ֣Ѫޱȿ־һţ޴Ѫɫβѣ·һСƵģǿĸǿЦá
ˣˣǣ
һ˵ѩ漴ȥ
ƽԥſ죬һǿ˲ϯӣѪ﷢һĲҽкȴֻܱƽǿ븹Уһ㻹֮
ĩˣƽһﻹһãŪΪ
ֻһߣצȴû֣ȻԾѹѪһȴŤͷѩƵͺгſϣ
ЩѩƵ⾫ϵУȴҲܿס
צ֮ΪѪ顣
Դˣѩû̻ش𣬶ǿ졣
죬Ҳ΢΢ü˼Ƚ벻ĸֺôԱȣѩƵа취շ»ԣǲУ̫鷳ֱʡ£ԼŰɣ
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ѩƹԹԵͷ컳ֱӷɵצͷվӸµĹ۲һѪСһ³һ׹ѪϣѪǲȴǿûзһʹľģųϣצͷצʾÿ
צĶѪ»ɡ
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ѩƺȻһͺ͵ذ׹ӶڽѪ޴ȫֵ˲䣬գۼɴСܿ챻ѩԸ
˾ٶצĲѣΧצķһȦһѪƽʧҲͬǱѩ
˷ѪѪΣҲǳ׽
ò˶ãѩƵԶ£ٴһѪ

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쾪첻ѵǣǾûٴʲô谭˳
̨ϵΣǿ֡
еɽϥΧžſ˸ǵ㣬ÿһǵӦľվǾŸϷԶľŴħǡ
İ⣬֮ǰʱġ
Ϊģȴɽ±ˡ
ÿһκΧſǵѪɫâԽʢ˶Ѿܿռ䣬ŹΡ
ɽ£
ʾ⼸˶СģѩǰԵôû뵽ܹôɣ
û뵽
ɽµͷɾȻ۾ûЦ죬Ҳ̫ˣѩƣΪܹ˳𣿡
ǵģҳ
ԣȴͬЦѡ
ɱң
ɽۣƳһ󣬻Ǿſǵ·ɻظħڣЩħҲ֮ѣһվɽ࣬һԡ
Һ޲ðƤǰʬΣҧ
ϧˣ
ɽʼ磬Цղһ㲻ҷϻֱӳֵĻһܵǿķɣаȴûаסΪǼɽµĶ𣿡


1922 ħƻǹ
һʱ䣬ɽޱȵĻ̨ϵձԽ̡
˫ʮˣȴŶԷбɱΡ
ô
ƽʼ磬۵½׺˲𰡣Ѫ֮Ƥǿȳǽ񰡣
֪ʾ磿
֮ԣɽ¶ʱɫһô֪ģ˭˵ģ
Ϊһ𣿡
ǻһĨмĻߣЦߣ˵Щãɽ£ɱ㣬ݣ
˵ĸֵʱҧгݣһ˫۾иͷųޱɱ޲Ѫ
ΪģҲΪ򣬲ΪԼΪľѪ
ɱңƾ㣿
ɽЦѣػֺȵħ
ڣŴħǰ
ɱ죡ҪȡѪܣɽָԸ̰
ôһǿѪܵĻһǿɣ
ǣ
ŴħٴӦŵɽ»˫ǰ֮ʣ볯˹ȥ
ȻѪɫѪɫ˫ԼΧƳѪɫâȴһֿ񱩵ϢϯȷҲɫ΢ȻһЩ
죬˽ˣ
Ҫֵʱط˵Ƶͬʱǰһ
⡭
Ȼ˶أѪռУ޷ƾΧѪɫָټ֮Ŵħǵı֣ʵҲǲ˶٣һĲᣬ棬طǾͳھԵˡ
ټ֮һصĻط簢˻ʤĻԲᳬĳɣҪһЩ
һҪӦɽ£
ط촽΢˵ˣ֮ǰҲǾһϵеģǣľǣʵڲܷĵĻʱ׼ּɣ
⡭ðɣ
쿴żǼᶨԥף漴Ҳɽһ΢һЩ
ߣ
طǰȴǷɿռĸͬķλǰҲֳȫͬӿֲͬɫĹâļתֳ˲ͬӰ
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ȣ
һĻǾŴħɫ˲䣬ȴûκκ˵˼źпǰ̤һ
һѪɫͱǾ˵ȫΪһ壬ھŸǵѸУޱȹѪɫâצӰȻϮȥ
֣һ
ط״һȡ
˺ԥڿն𣬴޾֮ɫŸԪļתѸٸ£һգۼԵںΪһӰ˿̱ʵʵŭ֮
Ȼʱ˿̣չֳƽ֮κʱ򶼸Ҫǿ
ƣ
·Ծ֮ϣȴ쳹̨Χıٴ
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أ
أ
ţײһ㣬ħǵɲǼ䣬Ȼըѿ
컹ǶʵǿһЩɽ£Լͬĳ󷽸˼
ȻڽսλõľŴħǺطˣȴǱĲԼ˴̨Ӽ̨̳֣ڽݣʮſס
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̳УӰĺϣޱȵ˷ܣ첻һ̣ΪѪռƿߵɽ£ȴɫ·ʱˮһ㡣
ŴħǣȻڸղһ˲ֱĸպӰһһ
ʣµҲˣɽԸķԪȥָ򵥵ʣħҪָʱ䣬¾Ͳһô򵥣
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οֵĽطˣɽ϶ƽ˵죬ȴЦӯӯվڶ桭
½׵ʵɽµĵ׾Ȼû˿գ
̳ɢȥطɫ԰׵ҪʣħֵǣȴǱٻ˻
ˣϢһ£
ֹˣЦŰڰֱ֣ݸһЩҩ󣬱㻺ǰȥ
˿̣ʣµħѾصɽ࣬طǵЦݶԣȴһɫȻ֮ңѪɫ˫лĿһ˿˿Ŀ־뺧Ȼ
һȥʰǣ
ɽĳǺһֿ̧Ѿߵ̨죬Ѫкɱ
죬Ҫ
ɽ£
ʱֳǧýϱϢƿޱĵڸˣ
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˵ǣѪ֮Ĵ
طıӰ콣񽣵ĳڤһ㡣
졭
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ôðɣ
ˣȴʼһƻǹɽ°ɽ£㲻ϻܶʱ˵ٴҪɱңһγɹˣ
ǳŪɽøɱȻ
ãܺã
ɽɫǱƻǹһǹ·˻һ㣬ɫȻ
ղĻȻʮɣȴʮǹ֮طǵĴҪࡣ
ʶȻɫɣȴ˿⣬ѾɽҲҪɱڴ˵׼
죬
һɽǹ޾Ѫ⣬գۼǳؿڲλ̶ֱ
һǹٶȼ죬κ˼ʱ䣡
ϡ
ƾӦǧýǰһ׼ȷĵסǹĳ
ŵŵš
ϮȲѽˣ
ÿһزڵϣȴ̨һĽӡ
ܣӿֳΧΣ
ǿȥ
Ťͷط˵һһŭԪӿǿע뽣漴ǽĿձУɽ²ò˿
ţ˼ͣЪĶԳ˲̨Ͽգ⼤սһ𡭡


1923 ս
ء
䡭
̨֮ϣۣ֮ͬâײ֮Ѹȴǿ˲٣չֳƸѾӸ̨˵·ɽ۵ط֡
һ̣ǺֵĹУһμʶǿ
˶صʵǿһֹҲȻ޷ɽһƣ
ʵĲ࣬νر
ȻڴʱǸ̨ƺܲס˵ĶԹ˺ü£ҡҡλƺʱ˶
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ͬ˲ƵģҰԿɽѸٳ֣ȴֻɢĹӰ˿ۻң͸޷ҵ׼ȷڡ
ȻֲӣȴôֺȻֻܸԪֱֲĳУ㲻Ҳһˡ
˵ǲôһֱɵŰɣ
طһת˵ͬʱȴɢһĨ
ƺӳǡӡֵһ
ţ
طԣ˶ʱȥ
ͷӣ˵ô԰ǵʵȥҲһܹﵽүæɲȥү׸
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˵䣬طһƲֱָǺһӸ̨صɽ֮۵ģʣµħǡ
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طһۣ漴ȴü˷׷Ц񽣺ԼǲһЦ
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ΪǼħǣôԸԼ־أ
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ȻɽûȥԮڴ˷ŭУȴǷһŭȴǼӴĹƣֺȻٴαǵƣһ㳯ѹȥ
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ȲͣסΣ˷ľ޴ѹɫ˼㣬ǿпתԪеֿ
죬첻ɱĲΪˣ
Ȼ·һҽУɽ¸ΪŭǱ˫죬ɭ˼㡣

ٶԣɽ¶ȻеƻǹʱһѪգ۱ΧǿУЩѪ⾹ƻһ֮Ƶģϡ
ʲô
ɫ˲䣬оѪҺЩܿƵıȡЩŵѪҲԽŨ·ͨĳֶֹΪɽѪ֮һ㡣
ƣ
룬ԪӿǿнЩѪ˲٣Ѫ֮䣬ܹؿһѪɫ˿ߵӣ·𲻹ЩѪ⣬ЩѪɫ˿ȴԾɳΪ֮壬ѪҺȫɣЩѪɫ˿߾;ԲϵƵġ
ǰδĹ칥ֶΣɫѿѣΪѪҺߵԵʣɫԽ԰ףټⲿ½׿ֲƵѹܵһǰδеľ޴Σ
ৡ
ţһǧý˳
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һ̣һѪ֮ɢܹоһɡ
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ۣΪ֮һϲ
ţһֵɽµƣһȴֳַǧýǧýʱɢΪ貵ĽâͬâƵģЩѪȫɢҲָ֮١
еֶΣ
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ɽѪâһ͵ؽƻǹǰһӣ漴˫ӡǳǹֱӱһצѪɫƼ̬ſѪ죬㳯ڵλֱϮȥ
˿̵޷ֳ̫ȥӦԣϾЩûȫɢѪ⣬ΣҲǺܴġ
𡭡
ѪɫѪɫƶ伴ٽǰʱͻأһ캳صĺѩֱɶ˲عϹѩʨı壬Ȼֵĵǰ
ллˣѩƣ
΢΢һЦѩҲԵͺΪӦ漴ٴŭһԥĳѪɫ˹ȥͭСУؿһ˿м
ȻѾ֪˳ƺݣѩƵȴɲǺ֮ǰÿʱ򣬳ƺĸŮ˶ûֱش˼
Ӷ֮ҲͲٶˡ
ΣֻҪ֪ѩƾẦѾ㹻
ѩƺѪɫսһ۾һУȴǲټʱ䡣ûǣɽ֮⣬һаܲϼһ
ŽǴģҲӦĵˣ
ԣһɲǼ䣬Ѿ˾
֮ӿǿнֲֿܵѹ뿪ȥ˲ڿնسɽȥһһĵ֣
৵һ£ɽ»ûӦ֮ǰǽǻ֮С
һ˲䣬ղЩӵֱӷת
֮ӿټ֮ľƿأʱɽɫ˲䣬ȻϾ½׵ʵһٵĻָƽܻе⻷ɽ·¶һĨȻЦݡ
졭
ɽۣЦΪ޵ˣˣɲǼҲģ


1924 ײ
ȷɽ˵
֮ǰĺڰ׽ĸȷⷽ漫Ϊ㡣Ǹ޷ֳԵҲ͵ˣĿ֮һ
ȻΪΪ½ʵѪ֮ɽôûԼ
ֻһֱһʼղţɽ¶δʹùѣ
Ҳô˵ʵܹʸʹ˸ûм
ἰ򡯶֣ɽµ˫Ѫâ
֮ӿȻûиȥκʵԵ˺ΧѾһѪɫķ֣еĹȫֵ⣬޷κδ
Ҳգ챾㿴ҵ򣡡
ɽƺʲôҪƵģ죬ɱʮ㡣
˻ռе첻һĵȻֲ֮жæ֮ٴηޱȵĳɽ¹ȥ
䣬˿̵ЩâƵƵģžڶ
ʵԵ͵ˣ¾ڴˣ¾㲻ҲˣƫƫѪɫ־Ȼȶ΢Щ֮⣬ȴǽЩâȫ赲⣬ûиɽ´ȥκ˺
ɣҵѪħ򣡡
ʱɽ»Ѫӿͻأſ˫ۣʺһ
ʱѪŹֵǴϼռĽֹǺ֮˲γһռ䡭
Ѫɫ죬һޱѹ֮У
ѪɫУܹһԼɼĹӰƮɣһԵôɲ
ã
ɫ䣬оܵ˼ĳּ֧ŲסƵơ
ѹ
˼ѸһȣɫâѸӶ
У
е֮ǿжѪɫռѹȻһʱȷ˲ЧѪɫռļӣֳܵȴҲޱǿ
ʱɽ˫ӡÿһӡĴѪɫռǿ֣һֲּס֮С
ء
ţûиκλᡭ
һձ֮ĺȻУܵ˼ĳһɹ֮ޱȻңһɲǼ䣬ɽµѪħȻγɣҲĻת˲ǽѪħĻγһ໥ԿĹ桭
Ѫħ򣡡
ۣȻ
ղԵĸоѪħͬ
һѪӰ˶ɵ׻꣬궼оһ˿
컹ûʱ򣬺ȻٴһԼԿһӣֱ֣ŻЩɶʱɫ䡣
ã
һ˼һĿʼרĿ֮
Ϊ֪ײؼʱ
֮ǰļսɽ£ûб¶̫ĹƣײȴǳΪʤڵĹؼأ
ƣôؽԽȥӰ죡
ŴŴš
֮ĶײŹֵʧǸ̨֮УȴҲһռѷ첻ϳ֣²ûʲôѹӣȴԾһнһޱȹ״̬
ڳĻ¸ҿһΨֻᱻȻռУʹɣ
ʱһһĹȥɫء
ԸоѪħʴҲ޷ֹһδεĳ·ڲΪѪħעƵģһʱ侹ǲ֪ΰźá
ʮӵʱ䡣
ڵ׸ô죿
찵ѡ
˵ģײԿ֮⣬Ҳκΰ취
ѪħĲʴֵķΧҲڲСʮʱȥڻķΧڣʮеĿһףһʼģ񽥽컹ܹһ˺ѷΰĽ޿ɹӰ졭
ʵڲеĻֻܺƴˣ
ҧҧѾһľ
ף
Ȼһ˲䣬ȴͻأķ֣һſֲƺٴαģ˵ǱˮưһƣЩĵףӰĲҽһЩ
ô£ɽǱ߳ʲô⣿
ʱһϲԥļӴû˿չֳ˽֮ӿֲĹƣһ˲Ѫħȥ˲Сĳ
ȻҪֲ棬ƾһεĹǲܵģ
ȻţȻͨĶײ쾹ԵĸоѪħɽµɫ䣬漴һϲѪħкȻһɫӰѩƣ
ѩôܽ˵Ѫħ򣿡
쾪첻ѣֱš
Ȼʵ
ѩƣ㡭ôܣ
ѪħУѩƵĳҲɽµɴ˫ۡ
㲻ûлָô
ɽɫѿѣ֮ǰƻǹѪɫѩ°޹ķɻصɽڣܵ˼Ӱ죬޷רĿѪħõһηĻᡣ
ѩƵĺȻ֣ȴǸ𾪡
𡭡
ɽµɻѩƸĻӦȴһŭŭԼ鶯˫еĲм
󣡡
ɽŭ죬һֱǿһѪӰһѪӶĳѩλ÷˹ȥ
Ѫħ򣬾ѩǿɽ¶Ľɱ
û뵽鷢ˡ
ܵĹѪӰѩԭؽᶶһ壬һ׹
Ƶģһ׹ɢÿһ׼һѪӰֱӸһЩѪӰǽҺɢѩ巿Դ֮ڶûܽӽѾɢûκá
ģСһ
ҲġһĻɵĴ
ʱ䣬һһУϷĻɵһƬбֱһɻɫ˲γһɫԲ漴ԪĹ£ǰֱϮܿʧ
ŴŴš
Ħ֮
ĹעУǻɫԲǳѪħֱӳɽ±ڵλֱϮȥ
أ
ɽȻ˵ֿ˷ѩǰ׹£ܵ࣬ʶֻɫԲĳУɽƺһǾ˿˿Ѫ
𡭡
ѩץסᣬȻһУ˲ֻŴ˷мλõɽ˹ȥ
һΣҲѩƵĬϣ
ûκȵĽ̸еֻϬľĬ
ŴѩƷЩѪӰѪħе֮·ѩƵĽûֶܼ೤ʱ䡣

ɽɫ˲䣬ǵѪͼٴתԪ֧ţȻѩȴûиᣡ
˵ɽ¸ҪʱѩƵıѾǰ档


1925 ѩƣ׷
û
ѩƵȷˣ
ھŴ֮ǰѾԼļƻ
ɽ¸ոɲǣѩƺȻɵͷϿգûܵ˴ѪħӰ죬رǴһţ֮ǰüİ׹˲γһž޴ɫ·ɽֶȥ
޵
ɽ¶ʱɫٴδ䣬
㣬㾹Ȼһֱʵ⡭ôܣ
ɽ룬Ҫ뿪
ϾѪħУĿҪѪռĿǿ
˾һĻˡ
ɽ¿еġ޵ַΧڣпռȫֹͣѪħҲˡ
ΪĿɽ£ΪռֹͣԵ޷ڵԪ౻סˣһڴ˿̱ޱѿֱĿҪγˮ
ңϾ½׵ʵ
ԪȻ౻һܹʹá
޵ɲǣǿеܹתΧγһѪɫԪ֣Ա
ڷָһγɵɲǼ䣬޵Ѿȫ֣Щ׹⻹ڲϵʴѪ⣬ɽ¸еһǰδе裬һ˫Ѫ·ҪɱƵģǱ֮ɫ
𡭡
޵ɽ֣ҲʴѪɫԪֵͬʱѩһŭ𣬱ǾŴѪħ˷Ϯȥ
ء
ţѪħʼǿĳ֮ĺȻŷֻڼĹ򣬱Ѫħ·˲ƵĽѣʧѩƺɽ³̨֮ϡ
ɽɱ޵ţЩԪȻԾڲϵ׹ʴɾȻȫûʲô̫õЧžɽô֣Ҳֲʱ
ѩƣúã
ڻСһĻɵһЦ漴֮֡
ء
ѩӣôԴ˲ֺã뷽ŶԸɽʱֲһţȫγ˼ΪĶԱȡ
СһˣɵøҺúýȻƶιë챧ѩƵĴԴЦĵ
ء
һ⻰ѩƶʱˣæٴβֺţŪЦ
Ǵ˷ȫɽƵģɽһ죬ûһѪֱ
ˣȥ˵
ѩƣ漴Ŀ⳯ɽȥЦɽ°ɽ£㲻ǺŵҪôѩưæûУ
ΪӮ𣿡
ŵе죬ɽȴǺȻƽ
ѪɫԪԾڱʴ֮⣬֮ǰޱȴƽˮһ˫ѪͶЦݡ
ò˵ȷһĪЩ֮С
㻹ʲôѹеĲʣʵ
ΪѩƵ⾫ϵ޵ãʶŻӵɻ
죬ҪΪɱ˱
ɽۣĵסˣԺ󶨵񱨣
ãҪܣ
ɫ˲䣬ѩһ֣ͬҪɽµɱ
ȻǸһֵɲǣɽ¾͵һѪѪһ俴ѩƹûִ֮ǰɽµα˲ʧֻһصѪԾɴڵ޵
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ء
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ԭϾѪռ䣬ɽΪ˴ʵƿߣĿռ֮ƳһЩҲȻѩƵ޵ˡ
ֻܹѡĵطԣ
Уɽ¸ǲӵõģ
ҵǣɽ¼˿ռ֮ȴҲʹһططڶʱ޷ָʵ˵ԸղſʼɽڽٰʱУֻó䱾ʵĳɣ
ȻҹңȴҲСĳɣ
½׵ĳʵΣ
첢֮ͨǰĽȴٿԷһЩٲڵصͰɣ
ȻһЩ󣬿ҲףʱκεӶпܳΪڣ
ˣҲܹ㣡
ҡҡͷοѩƵĴԴ߰ɣȥǣȻɽˣǱҪʤ׷ңҪġ
ˣȴδԡ
˵ǸܲȴΪơ
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֮ǰ˵ǰ㣬ȻˣǾͶȻûоʹȥ˼
һΣѪƴһ;뿪
̨·ɽ֮
ѩʱȻʧطˡ
ʼԵɵʱ򣬿񽣵û˵ʲôһﾹȻˣ׷׷ϣ
˵ģȻǾŴħʣµˣ
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꼸˵첻ۡ
ܹ˵ģɽ֮⣬¾ֻʣǴδҲûİܲˡ
ȻҲʵţ֮ԻΪѪµ̫ϻ֮ǰô飬϶ҲԼĿԣ
ںͰ֮ܲ䣬Ըѡζֵڣ
ǰܲĻôӦô׵ķŹطǲǣ
˵ЩҲҪˡ
Ҫȥ˼룬˵ɽ³ʤ׷
ڰСʱȫ¾һ
콫̨Լɽ۴һм򵥵ؽҲʮϸȻҲɽµʵһָ֪뵽ѩƲ㽫ɱȴôıøǿһЩ
Ȼʲôʻľ磬첢δ˵ΪľǲҵĻԡ
ˣҼ
һʾ⣬˱ֳǰУط֮Ҳֵͬ˺У֮ǰһûʲô
һΣǳʤ׷
ȴҲͬ뾡Ľɽ̫ʱ䣬ܹһָԼĸħǡ
ǰٶȺܿ죬κͣ
˵ǲʲôû˵ꣿ
·УλȴǴյǰʵ
ʲôʲô
˵أ
λһѿ㡯ӣŪһ͡
ֱ˵ɣô£ʵ
ǰֱ˵ǣ
ľƺͻʸҲߴ١
״Ƭ̣ѹɽºͰܲʵԼһЩղû˵˵˳λɫޱأһɫЩڡ

ľƳ̾ԭǶڲ²֮Ͽ϶磬ûɽ˾ȻѾȵˣǰѪ֮Ҳ⡭
ˣû˵ȥϵʸҲ֮һ̾Ϊա


1926 Ѫӣ̫ϳ
ɽ£ڵһ֮޷ָ
յĳɽϥһѪУŵӼܵѪˮȫǣֻһԴ¶档
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˷ܲĻԵʮֱ䣬̺ǿҵķŭ
ףʦ
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ˣȺúϢ
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ɽף
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ãҰܲͽ
ܲЦˣȺúϢΪʦÿ˹Ѫ֮
ǣлʦ
ɽµлԴһûѪУѪڷһ๾󣬱𽥻ָƽʱ򣬰ܲת뿪ȥ档
̫ϻϷ𣿡
濴ںǬˣܲʵ
Բţ
ʼ磬ҲҪţˣҲ£ꡭ
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ܲĶһſڵһӦ飬ؽֻأ
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Ѫӣ
ܲһɭĻߣȥѪӵķΧ
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Ϊβɣ
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סڣ
˲佫ж԰ܲѪµķŭȫתƵϣǬʱһҲҶԡ
ס֪ʲôң
һŤͷߣŪǬƲѣ֮и˿˿ɱ˸

ˣ
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쾣ԣľ֣ʸԼرλ̫ϳϡ
Ƿ糾͵ӣл΢Գƣ˶Щɻˡ
쾲̣̫⹫ʸǰǰ
ʱǰһкʵλôڲȥæʲô𣿡
ٺ١˵һͦҪ飡
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ˣ׼ȥĶرʵ
Ѫӣص
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ڡѪӡ֣ȴҲǺȻڴ˵
֮󣬴žѪӵĿĵأȥҲǱġ
ȻΪѪ̫ϻݣҲһֱо֮ģһ·ϷŻٶȣΪľܹʱֵܻ̾ܿκΣգ
߰ɣһ𣡡
Ҳٶԣλ̫ϳ϶һ룬Ѫڵλüȥ
;УʵҶ⡮Ѫӡָеʮֺ棬ϾǶǵһûκε˽⡣
Ѫӣӱ˼ͣӦѪɫ󣬻˵Ѫ󣬶԰ɣʵ
Ӧף漴ֵ˭Ҳұ֤᲻ʲôģϾѪ֮ޱգȥǱߣ϶Щıģ
Ѫӣʵָܿ󣡡
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৵һ£⻰֣ǰĲĿ⼸һӱϡ
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֪ѽ
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Ͳ÷ɵģʵ
У
ûڣ˵ѪӸ˵ķУһĻضܵ޴ôֱѪ֮ڣȫʬ
ô˵ȥǱ߾
ۣ뵽ڵĴɵĵЩ
Ϊû֪Ѫӵʶ⽫Ǳߣ˿һֱķУѪӸΪһ
ˣĿﰡ
첻ɵð̾һȴͷʵСС㣬ǰûаȫķӣ
У
Ȼֱܿӵͷʱ˵Ŀٴγȥ
취ܼ򵥣Ǿǲȥ
գգ۾˵

⻰Ҳһûһͷߣ쿩ֱЦŪôҿЦá
ʵ
Ȼ䣬ȴ˫һ̯Цʵ˵ĲΪʲôǷҪȥأ
Ϊ
ſ죬ȴʲô˵
ǰƾʲôҪȥѪǱΪڵĴ
˵ǰڵĻǵȷŲɣ˼Ѫµ̫ϻ˵Լߵĵˣ
ڸɴƿȥطʵ
Ҫȥ
ҡҡͷȴһĨаЦĹâĻû˵꣬ҶˣǵаҪˡ


1927 аٵаΣ
ѪӣյƫλãǴʱѪȴһβԶľ룡
ԣҼ·ٶʼնһ̶ʣֻһ·Ѫ֮ˣķԸ£ֻǱֱӷϳȻȫΣûټɱκһˣ
⣬ҲֵĵطЩ⡣
ط磬ǿ񽣣λһ·϶֪ٱ飬Ļشȴֻһҡͷûиκν͡
ˣ˽
첻˵£ûܹǿԾδ˵ôұʾ˼ȵ
Ҳ֪ǲɽ»߰ܲˮԵʣһ·Ȼ˲ٵѪ֮ˣʵߣǿһҲֻʥذˡ
ʥصȷ˵һ֣۷ڲҲˡ
ʵڵǰȴáмһˡһݡ
˵ˣ¾طǼκһ˳֣Խʥ֮ɱұ֤Էǵ½Ƕû취
Σṩľ·ߣԼǰ·ĹУǳɹѪλõķΧԵ
ǰһƬѪɫ
ȥֻһѪɫƽضѣκֲĴڣоһ
òϣ˵һһʵĵ棬þȥ̽飬Ҳֲκһ㲻Ծ֮
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ҡҡͷܣľͷŶȴûзʲôԾ
ѪͷЩɣʵ
ţ
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յõһһپʮˣ
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Ҳ׷״ߴ٣ľͷϹԶˣһݺݵģ죬ٸȦӣһƵġ
ʵѾϹԶϹԶͲˣҪĻСӻһֲɣ
˸ң
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ΣʼնѪЩȫȻͬ
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˿һͷˮȴһתرϲЦտ
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˵ʲôֱ˵ɣ˷׷׳
˵˵
˳εͷЦ˵ְ˵ǿԽ˵Ȼôȥϲܷ죬ҪѪӣֻҪѪ֮˵ǵĴôɹƬѪҲǲܵģ
˵ţ۾ͬʱȴ˫ָҡͷԵļֻЩѪ̫֮ˣֻһپʮ˸ǧ˵Ķ飬ȷٵÿ
ְ֣˵Ķ԰ɣ
װϳɣָӣĸ첲Ƶĵ
ģһСϣõ˵Ŀ佱жɰˡ
̿ģ́˹ǣЦҵĹŮô

Ĳѣûб֮ǰһֻҪܹõĿ佱һϲЦտӡ
ˣ˵£
ɫԭҵĵЩڱѪк󣬼Ҳһʱ䣬ڿҶˣֻҪѪµĹںѪôＴ㲻ܷУҲ԰ȻɹǿŷεĹȥӦòʲô̫⣡
˵
ҲòϣҲаٳƺеǸа֣
һ˵󣬷׷׳˴Ĵָ
취ȷǡаһЩҲòϣȷʺϵһ
Ѫµ˵ɴôҰȫɹʲô˵ģ
ˣ֮ǰʱЩһͶѾһ߾ʬˣ
ˣ˵Ƿһ°ɣѸٵĹȥ
һ֣˱׷ж
ֻһپʮ˸ΪԷһԲ˹һֻÿιȥô
ǧ˵Ķ飬ҪʱԲ̣
գҾ쿪ʼͺŮټһپʮʥ֮˶ɹ
˭Ҳ֪Ѫе׻ᷢʲô֮˴죬Ҳɻᰲȫܶࡣ
Щʥ֮ˣҲΪ̽·
ϾˣʵҲͲβ룡ЩʱܹȻɹģҲһܳɣһٶҲǴһ̽
ߣ
ָһǽԪӡӡһٶϣһ֮ǰӵѪеǸʥϣԼԵüΪ΢
ͬʱ˷ȴǼϮһǿѹʵһ
ְ֣
һҪʱȴͻأɫ˲䣬ȫ˺˺󣡣
ŴŴš
ո£ԭƽѪȴȻӿǷŭĲ𵴶˲γһɰƣЩѪɫεӿ·һͷͷ͵Ѫޣ˷ڵλýȥ
ְ֡

ϡ
˼һĻ׷׾
ȴҲɫΪģ˿̾Ȼֻ˵ֿˣһָͷޱȼѣ
Σ
һǰδеģ֮ǰɽս֮ʱûеΣС

ͼԸְ취ûܳɹֽͨµǸѪ֮˶ϱѪգԽ˶Ҫ·Ѫˡ


1928 ľΣ
һĻѪ˼ˣҲԽżһϵشȻȥ취ȴΪֻܸоԼԽƣصʵȻһ㶼Ӳ
ԭ²ŵǸ֮ǰһֱѪϵѪ֮ˣȴѾûȥ
ƺڵȥŹ⿪ʼûƵġ
һУڿһƻһ˵ļƻ뵽һУ¶Էܲɽ뵽ˣڣǶʦͽƭȻȴһֿܣǾǹģ
⽫˴Ҷʮ˽⣬֪£Ȼ̽ΪɱṩĿԣ
ˣôòϣ֮ǰѡʱڣǱⱲĴ֮һ
ڣѾôʱˡ
ȫɥʧԪҲ˺ܶ࣬ۿžҪױѪ֮С
Ҷʱˣһķ׷״󺰴ţǱī˿˿ţˣӶͳˣҲ࣬ż˼㡣
Ҫ嶯
ȻԺжȻһþȫһģң
ৡ
๾๾࡭
µ˲䣬ȻѪ֮ڣƬΧͬˮտƵģѪɫݲϳ֣Եʮֹ죬˿𺳲ѡ
Ȼȴǵģĵģ
ô죿
żĴ֣ɫֽš
ԵĻʸľλλ̫ϳϣԼط˶ȫһĽ޲ھͳȥ
Ȼʱ򷴵ƽ
ֻ˫ǰʧѪɫݣָƽѪӣȴƶĵŰְְ֣˵һܻ
˳ȥ׷ε̾˿
ٴεְִƭģһܻȫ
˵Ĳ
ϹԶҲ˳ɫǳСȻûʲôõĵطһҲ˵㻰ֻҪ˵ˣһǾȺǳСӲǴʧģ
ҳĬûٶ˵ʲô
ʮһȺľһһ澭עǰѪڵһȴҪʱֵ̾ܳΣա
˶ף˴Ѫ֮мпһ塣ôҲζſ϶ʱΣճ֣İȫҲҪע⣬ض롣
С㡭
ߵѪӱϣǰǵúīԼٻŮһᡣ
İɣû£
Ůδתͷҧҧ촽˵ˣŰְ֣

Ůȫ֪ΰο
ˣʵϵܽļһֻǱҪչ˵Ųֳܱ

һߣ챻Ѫкֻܻ׻谵ǿҵļѹ֮УԼĦߣ궼ҪȥƵģ켱æʼձ̨
֪ȫǵõ׹ȥã
һѣʹ˺һ֮ǾΧһɣҲһֽ̤ʵصĸо
Ǵ˿¶ҪΪղһжֻ翵λˡ
ô£
ɶаͷԣԼʲôط֪
ΧȥһƬĻ谵
ûйԴַ·˵еĺڣ̲סһּ֮Уͺܹ˸׼Ƶģ֮ǰħһ֮ͬ
Ҫģ˷죬˵ȴƵ˿̶ȫ޷ƽ񣬸˵˳״ˣ
ʱͻأһ𣬲֪ӺδȻһͷٻѨֱ룬һ˲侹ǳƽǱĿӣ͸һɮ붨ĸоһо
ֹ֪ȥãˣ˫ۣˮƽһ㲨
˭ھң
ƽȴɻ
ܲ⣬ȴû̫ʱ˼ϾҪ뿪Ȼ˸жൣģ
ľ󡭡
컷ܣ߶š
ԺкȻһ֣ҲǶһܣ
û
ľ󷨿ռУ
Ȼ֮ϵʵ֪Ȼʲӵľûһ˽⡣
Ҫô
üͷŬĻղǸȴεҡҡͷȷ֮⣬֪
Ȼ첢δ١
һƽĿʼ谵󷨿ռ߶
ÿ߼ͣ˺úõ˼һȻԺм߹·뷽λѰκһƿ󷨵ʼûκη뷨
ǸˣˣѾûж˼ȥˣ


Ȼľеʱ潹ȴˣȴǺȻ˷һЦ֮
ЦȻ󣬵ȴģ·һɲǼ䣬òٵΪ֮𵴣˶ɫ԰ף᲻˿
ã
ɫ䣬æȵ񣬱̨ǧҪӰ죡
Ȼ˷ЦУȻûʲô̫õЧǴ̼˵һ㣬мʥµԪһѪȻʧȥ˴
ϮĻǸͲκЧķ
λ㣬ǳְɣ
пһĨâǣ
Ůͷһ񣬸кȻһɫ֮󣬴ұһﶯյһ麮ǶʱƽΪЦ𵴵Ȳ֮Ҳʧ
˵ĿⶼŮķ翴ŮٷƵģž⡣
֮ǰҶŮòΪޣڸȴ𾴣
ΪԵʣЦҲ𲻵ʲôã֮ʧŮҲڹЦʧͣ
ŮͷЩ㺹ðȻŵҲǺǵΣܹҶӹЦоȳѾǺܲˣҲһ
˵̫磬ûأ
ҡҡͷȻа׹һȻӶȴǽա
˾ȵķ֣ЩԭӦúеȴһ㿴ĸĤȫֻһռ֣Щȫգ𽥻ָƽ
ô£Ҿ첻ѡ
ܼ򵥣ڲ֪Ѿסˣ
˫һ̯ȷһıֹ԰ְ֣˳Ǵң
󷨣
̫ϳ֮һԻܣ۵
ţ
ףܹǴҶ֪䲼󷨣϶򵥣
˵ҶһоһǰδеΣ֣вĲ³


1929 ɻ
˵ԼΪʲô֪ô࣬Ҷûʲô̫Ļɣ
ǿⶼĽ̵з
Ȼһҹ飬ǴһֱģֻʰˣȻҲЩʱ
⵽ʲô󷨣
ɻѣ˵ܹڴҲ֪䲼סǣ϶򵥡
ΣУҲʱţԼҺް취£ϵıɫ֡
λûʲô취ʵ
ʵ˷Ѫռ䣬Ȼʮ˵ʵ򣬵ͷĻҪ𣬶ľʸλ
Ȼʻȴûһ˻ش𣬰쾵λ̫ϳҲˣһĪչ
һ̽
ԳȻЩΣգܱɺҪǿңҲԼԶ֡
˵䣬ԵĿЩѪ֮ϡ
Ҳ֮˹ȥһ϶Ϊƽĵͷ˿ûһ֮ģ
˿ЩѪ֮˶Ը
ǴΪΣ𳯴ʵ
ͬ⣡ΪԵɷ쾵һʱͷ
ţľ֡ʸԼرλ̫ϳҲ׷ףʾͬ⡣
漴طǼһҲ׷ͬʣµˣûһ
ãǾô죡
ȻҲҪ׼ɣҽȳĸ˹ȥûʲôЧΣ
ԴˣȻκ
ܿ죬ܹ˸Ѫ֮˱㱻˳ȥλõĶĸ
ء
ţ˵ĹעУ˸Ѫ֮˵ڽӴһ㿴ĤɲǣǱֱӷ˻岻ϳ鴤̶̼ӵ˲ƽȡ
ô£
˿һһ㶵ģ㲻
ȻҪĻַĳ鴤ڷһ
ɴ˷鴤Ѫ֮ȴʧȥƫƫϿȥûһ˺ۡ
գȥͺ࣡
Ǽȥһʬ壬Ͽȷûκ쳣
ȻȴǺۣǵ궼ɵˣղֳ鴤ɶ巴Ӧ
ʲô걻ɡ
⻰ɫٴδ䡣
Ҳæļ鷽յóĽۺȫһ¡
˸Ѫ֮˵Ϊ걻ɣ֮ɴ˿ԿΧˡ
ֻҪûյ󷨵ĳ󷽷ӶҴĻնӲ걻ɵ³
С㣬֪ˣ
ڴ˿̣ɫ˲ʱ򣬺Ȼ
֮⣬ΧٵĿⶼˢˢĳȥ
㣬˵æߴٵ
ûĻӦǽɻϹʱڣѪ֮󷨲֪ɱ˶ˣǡ
ˣһɫѿϹԶĪɽˣżѪ¹쫷ʱ򣬸쫷˲Уʹ쫷֮˵Ϊ˷ɻϣ
һ˶׷׳쫷Ǳȥ֪µϹԶĪɽ쫷Ǻ޵ҧҧ
ȻǱϾֻǽ˴Уû취һʱϳɻĴڡ˺ѣȴ˲׹
Ȼֻǣڳ˵˲ڵĻȴҲһɫѿѣҲѹǸղܹоǰδеľ޴Σˡ
ŶҼ
ҲǻȻĵɫҲ֮һ
ûа취ƿ󣿡æʵ
λУҲֻͺīΪϤ
ҡ
Цһ£εҡҡͷ
ǲֻҪڲͲֱЩʧʵ
ôô򵥣
ԣٴοЦ˿ƵģȻҲ⣡
ǡ
վԱߵĶľƸҪʲôû˵ʲôȴǶȻܿձ֮ͷϿգȻ˾ŸڶֱڲͬķλǿĿռŸڶӿһգۼǽڳǧȫǣǸ޴ɶ㡭
ãȫֿ
״λæ
ʱ䣬ΧһԪ֣ҸתԼǿԪеֿǿЩռγһֹƽ⡣
ֻϧռԽԽǿҵĵֿȴ𽥱
ЩʵԵ͵Ԫ֮ˣ¾ƴĵֵȴҲģ

Ȼ䣬ֻý֣֮źüӰǿռڶ֮У˲䱻ʳĩƮ䣬ǵȴǱȫɣûκνҵĿܡ
һΣһ㡣
˻ûӦ֮ǰϰٸӰڶ룬漴˺ȻɫУЩ֮˵ѪĩȴͬѪһôҶʱŵޱȴ̱ǵѪȣɫԽѿ
μֱ֣жʱ־ռ
Ƕսս£ֹΣȴȫһ
δ֪Ŀ־壬µģ
֮ſ򣡡
ؽǸָһ·һ
ʱ䣬ڳ򡭡
쾵λ̫ϳϣط˷׷׺ԥֳ򣬶ʱС
ҾǣͺŮҲ׷óǵҲ֤ǵʵ
ȻŮ˷֣Ҳûκαʵ˼Ǽ쾵˵ĸ˵İȫҲٴεõ˱ϡ
ҶףôֻһʱĶѡ
Ͼάֵȷ̫ԪҲ޷䣬ټǾŸռڶӳǿάԶʤ
ô죿
ɫ¶ڲͬУȴ·ɿŵִ̱ǵѪȡ
Ϊ˽Լ𽥾һڸƿߵĿ£֮ܿǰɢǧȫۼһУطӵеıӰ
磬Źһ㣿
īԥŵû˵꣬ȴǵҡͷһȥᱻǾŸڶ㣬Ǽܹʱȫȴһңڶ޷һ㣡һɢҵĻ𲻵κЧǴΣգ
Ǻ˵ô죿īû
𼱣취϶еģ
ûīǲ΢΢һЦνɽǰ·ҿǴҲǶˣ
ˣУȴ촽΢ĸīƣԼٻŮСĻΣգǾùһ𣿡
ţ
ôԣŮһ˼˵ǵĹؼСϣ
ȻģŮĿⶼ׷׳ȥԵüΪ֡
ںĻǲκλɡ
ѾָǰмԼ󲿷ΪΪƹ֮ǾԲվģΣգƶȻӶܿ
ֻ벻ͨȻȷѾǰӣʲô취һ뿪ķɻ


1930 Сߴ
С㡭
Ůߵǰһֹӡ
֣ŲԶվŵλԼطˣϹԶĪɽǶ׷׳˹
˵ʵڵģλܲϰ߱˱Ϊ۷ǣҲžԵȴǸоΪûãһܲܡ
ôˣ
Ůǹ̬УͷһԼûзκβԾ漴ʵ
ûûʲôֻǡ
īƴ˿ԵЩɣȴһЦʵС㣬֮ǰûнʲô
˵棬Ʊǳ֮Ϊˡ
ȻƺҲЩɻ󣬵ܱȡҪõö࣬ϾƵԾһܣ
裿
⻰һҡͷûаֻҹԹԵĸŰְ֡ˣְֻû
ἰ죬ʱ֣ĶӻҪż
ٲµģСģ
æοŮҲˣٴƽһЩ󣬺ֵСúû䣬û˵ʲô𣿡
ûء
ü΢죬ҡͷ˵ҸŰְ֮⣬Сһ㣡ŶŶˣСߴ˵ҺúչСߴŶ
СߴΪϹѩľ
֮ǰܳһʱ䣬Сߴѩƴһ컹Ц˵ѾѩƵСá
Դָǰ֮Сߴ׽Сߴںδ춼ͻѩƲ࣬϶׷棡
ߴߴߴ
Ļֻа׹һѩľСߴʱǰ漴ܿıͨСԹԵͷë׵Ĵβ͸ΧƵĲ޳𪲱ϣɰ
ǺŮÿμСߴʱ򣬶޾ϲ֮顣
ḧСߴԴɿŮʵλ㣬ǵ˵ʲôѵСߴйأҪʲô𣿡
Сߴ
Ůһʱ֮侹ǲ֪λش㿴ģЩ֮⡣
ȷСߴȻϹޣʵȴ൱ʥضѣɻʲôأ
ȵȡ
Ȼ䣬֪ʲôһضסСߴСߴɵӣСм£ƺЩ˼
㡭
ỽţŻعǸ˼С㣡ĹؼӦСߴˣ
Сߴ
һīҲһͷˮ
Ժ󣬱ϵʮȴЩߴٺЩ˵ȥ
ʵǲÿСߴʵ࣡
һЦ˵
ࣿСߴѩľ࣡ˣСߴѩ
߶ţȴǶȻ۾һæѩĻߣ඼ãĪǺָ
ûС㣬Ȼϻۣ
Цָľ
ͺĻҲЩȻ˵ʵڵģΪ۷ˣҲЩףϾϹʱڵˣǻڼ伮ܹһȴֻ˽һ֣ǺܶʱûעЩ
Сߴܰ쵽𣿡
СߴڻУʵ
ߴߴߴ
СһԥĵСԴ˫С۾иš
󷨣ҲƣСߴ˼Щ׷ʵ
ߴߴߴ
СߴٴεͷƺΪ˼ҶΣСһﻹֱ˵ϣǰצһؿڡ
͡
ò˵ģȷ̫ɰˣ̿Ƕ֮Ц˳
ǾȥɣסҪŶעⰲȫ
ҲЦЦŻ˵
ߴߴ
СߴȻλһ׹⳯طӰȥҵط缰ʱųȻСߴڵʵҲײͷ
Сߴ嵽棬ֱǷɻķΧŸڶ뽫ĿϣСߴҲǶʱֲܿƳһڶȥơ
һĻôҿĶ
㣬Сߴ
ҧ촽û˵꣬ȴЦİɣС㣡Сߴɲǿģ
Ȼں֮Сߴë׵ĴβͺȻɢ·γһƮɶէһ·Сߴβһ
׹УСߴҲǼٱת˲ǱѩѩʨĴСһ˫ڵ۾ɢ޾Ĺ⣬ܹһޱȹϢ
𡭡
ƽȫֺͬСߴΪɢȻγһۿɼزƣеľŸڶ˻Сơ
ҪǣСߴֹŹЩڶСߴҲһ̼
طűӰ˶ܹеĿһĻ˶׷׻裬ֽٺ֮С
Сߴʵܿ죡
΢Ц˵ЩڶӦþΪɵģСߴϲʳҺܴܹ˼ɵӣҲӦúܹܿȫˣ
Ȼİȫֻʱģ
ϾСߴܹɹɻƵ˭Ҳ֪ɽ»߰ܲ׻ʲô񶾵ڵǣ
СߴȫûܵǷɻӰ죬󷨵ṩأ޹˼ɵǾŸռڶ˫ڵ۾ڳ֮⡣
񣬶Сߴȴֻһ̡
ʱ仺ţת۱ǽʱȥǾŸռڶѾСȫԺԲƣСߴƵҲﵽһٽ㣬±׹ܿռ䶼ڽ·󷨿ռѾʱơ
𡭡
ͻأģСߴȻһ𣬻׹⻯һâȥʱ󷨿ռ粣һѿôڱӰе˶ܹеĸܵЩռ֮ңȴδκξţԵʮ˷ܡ
ڣֹȥ˼ӡ
ҵĿռ֮ƽһ塯طһͷ漴Ӱ˲䳷ȥôڰȫص棬һɻΣв
Сߴವһ»СģصǱߣȴֱʧ϶ҪЩʱȥô֮
ҲòϣСߴξԵĹ
ûСߴɻ˾Բпȫû
ڰȫˣ
֪˭һ˷׷׻ձޱңǶ׷¶Цݡ
˿̣ȴЦ֮ɫȻüΪأĿǰƽѪӣǡ
ڵĵطû
ҶҲ֮ĬԭٺϲãһȫȻʧ
ǰҪʲôʱ
᲻ʲôΣգֻܿţֻܵȴȴһæﲻϡ


1931 
ȸϢǾ仰
˷Ըһľƣʸһͬߵߣ
λɵ̾һ£ȴǲ֪γο
طˣԼŮˣһǵǣ̾ѡ
죬Ҫ˵ʲôʱתʵְֿ϶µģ԰ɣ
ԣ
˺ԥĵͷ
ڰοȴַ·ڸԼһһ£
С㣬İɣ
ȥסС֣֮ʵǿһҸ֮ųԽ˵ʵһܿܳ
ԣԣҲǷ׷׵ͷ
Եģְǿģ
ٴ¶һĨЦݣЦȴżֿɬ˼״Ҳ֪˵ʲôãֻװûɣȻ˵Ҫѹȥˡ
ҲٶԵļȥ
ûеȵ˵ص㣬ûеõȷϢǲκжģ
ڴ˵Ҫģ
ڡ⡯ԼѪ¹ռΪ򡯵ѡһĻǻԥѡһ
첻ҵ̫ϳϣطǵֵܣǴܹ֮ʾΨһһˣ
ʲô⣬ָûεѹ
ȼ˵ˣǻŻʲô˼
ˣ
Ȼ䣬۾һæСߴҳȻҰιë
ͻȻľٶԼ˶Щ΢
СߴǺܿ³ˣſϣΪԹ˼
ȥȰְ֣ץסСߴʱǰѪһӡ

˾ȴ˼һ
СߴԹУֱûѪڣ˿ĿЦá
ҲòϣСߴҲпȥ죬ٱڳκһ˵ĿԶ
С㣬ڷ˰ɣ
ЩЦõ磬СߴȥټѩƵİһܹģȥһϢ𣿡
š
򴽣źǼŮߵһϢҲˣȻϢĹУ˵Ĵ󲿷עԾǷǰѪϣϣһѪз

ѪӵصףľС
ĿЦڹȥһʱʱУѾǽߵĵطȫһ飬Ȼ˴ĵμģȻγ󣬻߶ľв飬ȴԾ벻κȷ󷽷
ûеõ϶Ĵ֮ǰ첻κ춯
һ󷨣صʵҲ˵ܹ֤Լľ԰ȫ
պް취֮£ֻܻصʼԭ㣬ͬʱзţ֮ǰõȫѶϢԺмʲӵľѾȴʱţѪ֮ϻڹĵ
֪׹ȥá
Ȼ۾һԺж󷨵Ĳֺһ֮ɵȻվ
ľΪľ
ٴ˳˼
һΣȴûȶʱ䣬ͻأһɫ⣬ǿҿռ֮ĲڵλֱϮ
׹뻳ЦõĿƵѩľСߴôˣ㲻Ӧ𣿡
ߴߴߴ
Сߴţί״һʱһЦ˺ˣҲڵңջЩ֮һȥҰӿ˰ɣ
ߴߴ
⻰СߴſĵĽ漴컳Ծļϣ˦ë״β͵ͬʱʼϸܣ⶯СӣȴСһֿɰ鶯̬֮
ȵɣԼСģ
˵СߴҲǳСԴ󣬿ٻһ׹⳯Χȥ
ѩƣҲȥ
һȴǽѩƷ˳Сһ￪ʼ󷨿ռеߣǲһа취ȴҲһЩȥĿԣ
˼˼Źǡľľ庬壬йأ
쿴ܹͨһ㣬ϣͻᣡ
ߴߴߴ
ء
תֹȥʮӣСһ»صǰָŲͬķ򲻶УŪ춼֪˭ĺá
Լã˭ģ
۾һɣʱСһﰲ
漴ѩƺԥĳСߴһģСߴɲҶ㣬ѩϣԹԵӣҲٺԼĴۡ
ѩƼ״ŵһͷһС
ðɣߣ
ѩƵ˼СߴڻУѩƳǰȥ
˼ӣڣΪĳ䣬˵󷨵ĸԵش֮һ
ء
ѩǰצָߵǰȴǸ㲻ô¡
ʱеСߴҲ֮г
Сһ̽ţȴǺܿ׹ԭڷҵ󷨿ռĸǣһ
˵Ҫ뿪ͱҪĸһ
ʵСһͬʱͷȻϥȵȵȣҺú룡
˵꣬㲻ٶԣ漴ܿ޲ľ״̬Ժǰ֮ǰ¼õһصȻҲǷСһἰĸϡ
ѩƺСߴٶԣԹԵһǰһ绤һİȫ
ˣȻ̫ˣ
ֹȥһ˫ֱɫϲޱȡ
ĳΪĵĻôĸպǴĸͬķγһڳ״󷨿ռ䡣
ĸֲͬķԣľ໥ӳΪľϷԼˮ
ľĺڡ
ľ֧ľĸڣ
һҲӡ֤֮ǰĲ²⣬ֻҪƵľĺ壬ôҲͲһܵ¶ˡ
ǺǺǡ
СһЩУȴǲЦ
ʲô
Ծʧ̬ɵðһֻǾɽ»Ǹܲ϶벻ܹɵĳȥ
ɳȥ
ô˵ѩƺСߴеǹŹˡ
ҪɳȥǻôʲôòþˣԴͿ˰ɣ
ʲô񣿲ңУ
һۣ漴ץѩƺСߴǳ󷨿ռλȥ
ӺϹâʢͬȴǰ׹⣬ɫ
ľĽԹâ˻ˮԹâˮԹâԼ˽ĻԹâ
ɫʹΪķɢƶľ£һ˲㽫󷨿ռȫ⣬ѩƺСߴûӦ֮ǰֻáڡһ죬ȡ֮ȴǹЦ
Ц󷨣ѪӣֱѪżȴ˶ʱѵĳѪǱȥ
Ƕ֪켴ˣ


1932 ת̰
û
˽ȴʮӺ󣬱ѪһС󣬼ٳ֣ѪɫķϯעģȴĲϳɫʹ⣬ǺжȻһƵģҸоһԴĵ׵𺳡
ţಡһֱѤõɫʹ⣬жˡ
ְ֡
ѪϿշɵǰɲǣһʱ˹ȥ鳲Ƶ컳У֡
Ȼûôһߣȫϲ뿪ģÿμ涼ᳳܵϹԶҲˡ
찲ȻǷĵ׵ǿʯͷ
˺ˣɵӣְû£
ǺһЦСߴ׹ⱻֳ˹ʾ⡣
ѪзʲôʵȻôãĪҲһ𣿡ʵ
Ҳ׷˶䡣
ޱǵֱۣ۾ϡ
һ󷨣Ϊľ󣡡
΢΢ף򵥽˳
ԭڷľ֮󣬰˵ĵܿѰҵ˳֮
ľֱΪľϷԼˮ
֮˵ģȴΪľˮ˻˽Խˮ
쿴ľȻľΣյĵط˽ҲôΪȴǽľ
·ȻҲǴľ
ʶ֮ͷųԣˮԣԼ֮󣬱ǿͨľķλһͨͨҲͲܹ˺˵³֡
Ȼʮּ򵥣ֻҪ͸֮ĹϵͬʱóֲͬԵйܹɹ
ʵϣһȴʮּѣ
ȣ˵ֹϵȻʮּ򵥣ãϿ˵ûжܹ
ΣҲҪһ㣬ǲֲͬͬʱóڹʱҲҪȫһ£±ضľĳױʱ롣
ΨһĿܣһͬʱóҲѵĵط
ʣУ˭أ
Ҷ겻ѣмѵǣһĿⶼλҲˡ
ʱ컹һëͷСӣȴȻվľ۷壬˾
ˣղż˵һҲ֣ĪҲ
ĳȥɫΪء
ǵģְ֣
ǰͷղǷɻһһʮĿ˵Ҳüͷ塣
ɻľ󡭡
Ѫӣɽµ˸Լİŵİ
СߴĻΣգԼĻѾ֮¾طԹȥҲһܹɹοǵ֮вûĴڡ
ôҼϢϢһ½ô죡
쿴һˣ˵
ҲûзԣԸȥǼһĽԵ뷨ƻԵΪң˿Ϊ֮ǰЩκεȴ֮⡣

һߣѪʱյλõİܲȴǱ𾪵˫ŭ档
İŵһУȻ˼򵥵ıƣ
ԭţѪǱ߲ܽȫҲܹʧ߰˳ɵԱ
Ϲѩľĳ֣÷ɻ󲻽ûЧе֮ΪСߴʳСߴʵô̶ʱбõ˼
ľ㣬ȫ
ȻνҲ㲻ϡ
ΪƲ첻ᣬ¾⼸λ̫ϳϷҲû취ôȻ
ҪҲֻܹίʵ̫һЩ
ʲô
վڰܲǰޱ
㲻Ѿµ𣿻
ܲƳһڣŭݺȻȫʧ֮Цô뷴ԣˣ㽫ѪǱȥģУʲôģӦ
ûµĻˣ
ڵתֱӳȥ
⡭
һֱû˵Ǭȴԥѡ
Ѫʹ˵ӦѪߵңǬһֱܵڵĿƣˣΪǼ£ǬѾĲˣ
ȻǰܲǬΪɣϾǿǾԵĳ֣
Сӵ飬֮ǰֵޣϷҪˣ
ڼߵſڵʱ򣬰ܲȻ˵ڲһԾûж˵ʲôľֱ뿪ðܲĹЦЦг̰
Ǭ
漴ܲĿǬϣʮ֮䡣
ڣڣӣڣ
Ǭһ飬æӦ
⸱ģܲһĨм漴ĵʵӦˣ֪ôѪ´
ǣǣӿҡ
ǬŵɫףʵȴҲףǰܲҪ֣һжסᵱ
㻹ĵķݶϣϷԸһᣡ
̧̧֣ܲǬ㱻һɿܲϷҲҪʲô̫Σյ飬ֻҪ
ţܲʹ˴Ǭ֮ȴǶʱɫף촽Щ
ô㲻Ը⣿
˵Ժ󣬿ǬܲѪһУ֮ӿΪϢǬ˵֣ʹɱ֣Ǭֱ֮⡣
ҡҴӦ
ǬʱͷȥӦ
ǳã
ܲЩϢĵͷģϷһᱣ֤İȫô£Ϸͣ
ǣǣллӣھȥˣǬҶ˵ʲô
ȥɣ
ܲڰ֣Ǭųһ󣬼æ˳ȥ
Ǭ뿪ıӰܲ¸ֳһḬ̃â飬ͷޣǺܿǱˣʱ
Ц֮ȻǬԶһЩܹŲһģԵΪǱ
Ȼû߶ԶȴǺһ٣վǰ汳ǵӰɵÿЦһ£æʰŵĿ˹ȥô
̫ϻ
Ǭ
ûӰڡ
ڵӣӦһֱȺڴˣǬɵЩġ
Ȼ֪ںѪ֮ʲôϵȴҲóûôǢ
ԴʱߵʱԽԵС
ʹƺżϼһҪȥ𣿡ת˵Ϊ䡣
ǣǵģǬԥŵͷ
ôܺҪȥʲô
Цһ£ǬҪ֮ǰ㲻˵Ҳ֪ǬǬҲòȰһ䣬ЩʱҪԼ·ĺã


1933 컹а֣
ڵĻǬǱòѣʱʱʱ֮·ķƳϼۡ
ˣ֪ڵʲôǵϼһ𣿡
ڵһ֣ģѾźˣڷԲʮ֮ڶΪϼһäȻʱֻһʱ

⻰Ǭһ
̫ϻֺαΪأ
ǬЦѪʹѪµ̫ϻӦһߵİɣ
ҷϻ
ߵΪʲôһ᲻֪Ҹ㣬ǽͷݾôģ
ҡ
ǬһæҪ͡
ŶˣһҲò㡭
ڰִϣ֮ǰʧˣ֪ͽʲôڿɲ򵥰
˵ٻǬԶʱһ
ǣһ˫壬Ҳѵܹҵ漣һĴڣڵͷЦ
ôˣ̫ϳϣ˼ǡ
ǬʵȻû˵꣬ڱٴδϣǣֻ˵ܲ򵥣ԶԶ󣡵ܹǺһЩǵŮҲѾˣ±ڸ
̫ϻָ㣡Ǭ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ֪ƹΪѪʹҲ֪ٹϹʱڵɣ
ƹϹʱڡ
Ǭͷһɫ˲䣬Ī˵ϹʱڣǸȫŮɵɷƹѾ伣ѵٻƹйأ

ڵͷЦǬƹ£ĸ澣Ҳ֪ɣ
̣˵ǽ˷֮ľĴڣÿһӵſǿߵʵǬӿڵٻʲôϵ
Ǭˣ
ɫһ࣬ٻ࣬Ƿ֮תѾǰ䣬õת֮ǰеĴУʵͻͽѲ򾳽磡
ʲô⡭ôܣ
Ǭױסˣһ˫۾ϴòƶҪڿһЦ
Ϊʲôܣ
ٴεҲ˵ˣԼĺ·Ҫã
˵꣬ڱڰ֣תҪ뿪
ңҡ
ǬıüΪӣһԶۿҪ߳ʮ׵ķΧһҧʲôƵģ첽׷ȥǰ
ƺӡ̫ϻˡǰȻûбɵռеġˡȴҲ΢΢һ̣漴ȴٴαЦȡ
ȻתȻߵǰǬ֮ʱڵĨЦȫȻʧָ̬
ôˣʵ
ǣǵģҡ
ǬͷȴֺȻٴαԥɣȴûԥãǬһˣʵǰܲҪҰһ£
Ŷʲô£ƺٱ䣬ڵ¶ЦݣҲͻ˲١
Ҫǿжȡ飬ȻѩƺСߴͷޣ
ȻѾһǬҲٻصҪҽϱǶȥ
ϱߣ˵
ڶʱ˲䣬˵Ϸ̫ջ󣿡
ǣǵģǬͷ
ϼһúݰ
к˸ǰǬһǸͷȥҲ̧
̫ջϹʱڱһֱڵ󷨣Ī֮ܣ
Ȼ˽ⲻ࣬ȴҲ֪һЩһ֮Уᱻ˲뵽һֻþ¾ǿ߽ȥ޷󷨵Ĳٿ£ܹý֮㣬ճΪһͷβĿܡ
֮⣬˵̫ջһãɾʲôҲΨһ֪Ŀ¾ֻаܲɽԸʦͽˡ
ôƽһʵ
ҡ
Ǭ죬Цָ㣡
Ǿȥ˵ɡڰֵ

ǬһȴǵļôôŹ㣿㾡ʱ䣬𣿡
ףˣȥˣǬ˼Ƭ̣ͷӦ
ţȥɣ
׺ǬŹ뿪Լԭ΢ͣһЦһ˵ڵķ̾һתԶ

̫ջ󡭡
ŴЩЦи㶼ǻɡ
ŽӵڵĴţἰ̫ջļڰܲǬİԼԼһЩ뷨ȵȣڸǿҪһҪ
ְ֣˭ѽӣչȥʵͲûˡ
콫˵һһʮĸһ顣
񽣵Եү㻹ѽƭѪģ㺦ǣ㡭
ţ
쳯һۣʱһ졣
κϣ뷨ȴֻǷι֮ڲҪѪ֣
ңѪ£ܱƽģοɽµħط
ڸôãطüȥĻ˵ֻһ壬ǲȥǡƺҲûʲôӰɣ
ˣط粻
Ҳˣü˶ʾȥǱҪռ谴ȥ졣ϾΣڿڵȷǵзѣ
ˣܲǬ飬ȴҲòȥ
Ц˵
Ҫʲôʱ׷ʵ
ղֻǼ˵һ飬ǬҪȴδԣҲѹڴһ˷Ӧˡ
ʲ̫ջһֻ̨̨ȴֻ飡Ц
ֻ顭
Ҳδ˵˵õһš
òϣ˵ȷһ޷ܾ

ҲһĬ
ְ֣ҾÿǼٵģ
˵ֻ飬Ѫ̫֮ջƿأûõְɣ
˻һʱõ˵ͬ
һնһϵն
ΣҪȥһµģ
˼Ƭ̺˵ɣһԼȥǾ˳λøϹȥ룬յĲӦǰܲɽڵĵطһٶǼϡ
ˣǵǵӣȴǺȻգգۣЦ뵣ģаգ˵ˣһаֳֵģǷıǣ
а֣
ôԣҾɻ֣ˣʲô֣ôỹò찲οҶ˵İɣ
Ψƺ²⣬ְ֣ҲҪһȥ
٣׼һ𣡡ŮҲ˵
ӣ㲻ͬ⣬Ҳȥ˼
⡭ðɣ
εʼ磬ǾôˣϢһ£Ǳһ


1934 Ũɱµ
Ϣһȥ
⻰һ
ԸղֻǽӵڵĴŶѣ˵ǬҪȥʲӵ̫ջ
ѵǬˣ
ǺһЦڻȷڵʲôϾѪµ̫ϻȻܹоЩΣܹ˻ЩҲδһ£
۾һ
˵Ҳ׷¶Ц⡣
ܹԼȥ̫ջǱߣضܲĻɡ
˵ܲЩʱֻǬڳôһôˣܲضỳɣӦûƹǬɵϣôˡ
һܹȷѡ
ڶп˸ǴҴһЩõĻᡣ
һҲһˡ
ֻʯֱõĻǾһã
ԣҶԴ˶ûκ飬ܿϢһʱǴԼŮ˶飬ֱӳյϷӶȥ˵ʱ·ˣ׼շķǰУ

ʲôã֪ˣ
ܲյĵĳӵǬƴż̬ȴûеЩȣƺѾ֪һ
ʵǬĴݺܼ򵥣Ǹ֪ܲѾ̫ջķȥֻ֮ǰ벻ͬԼ֮⣬Ů
̽ˣ
ܲϥѪ˸󺮹⣬ڰڣҪΪʲôһ᲻֪Ҳû뵽Ҫľ
˵棬ܲЦǵ⡣
ʱǬˣϴ޾ľʧ־塣
֮ǰܲһޱȷŭӣǬ˸Ϊңͨһֱӹڵأӣ޹ذҡ
أ
ܲһ˦ֱ֣ӽҿܵǬȳʮ׿⣬ǺȻѾ¶˿˿ѪԵüΪǱ
Űܲŭ𣬸޷֮
ȷָ֮Ͻܹ£Ӿͬɥ֮ȮƵģǱﻹķ緶
£֮磡
ǬϷʧ㾹ȻС¶첻ã
վӸµĸǬܲʮɭ䣬κθ顣
ӣҴˣĹķϣƹһΣԺҡ
ǬŵòУڰܲǱɱ£˵ˡ
ס죡
ܲۺȵҪСӻģϷھ֮أ
ǣǣǬͷ
ܲҲǰֵɣסϷʱֻҪϷôһͻķǳң
˵䣬ܲȭһĶָǬһϽͷ
ɣ
мĿһǬܲͬӴӬƵĻ˻֣Ǭ̴ӵȥ˭Ҳûע⵽ôһĨ
̶̲ʮʱз飬Ǭȷ㡣
һóܲװװ֪ǱߵװΪԼ²ŭп϶һЩĵطȻ԰ܲƽӣǬڸղŽȥʱѾһʬ塣
ڶܲӦ֪ڵҲףһӦڱʩΪֻ˼ɣֻԼҪǣӦǰܲڵ̽
ҲǬĻĵطǾôҲѪʹҲΪѪ˲ٵĹףڰܲУǬȴԾֻһ֮֮ȥĹ
׻˵úãӼ˻ҧأ
ǬҲһǲ
뿪֮ܲǬѾһ󵨵ľһؽӰһҪ

̫ջλյϲһѪɫĴɽȣκֲĴڣȥһͷħޣ˫ͨѪۣȴʳͶ
һʱҲɫ˲䣬Ϊء
Ծְ֣
Χü΢˵
ûнӻΪҲĸоںŮȴѾʮֵľ֮ġ
ʲôԲԾСһǣ
ҡҡͷȳǰĴɽȥ
ŮȻҲǽ󣬲ʱȻɽȣֻܻȻ˲䣬ԭ濴Ѫɫȫʧȡ֮ȴһƬǿգֻǿеķǵȴ֮ǰһ㣬ֳѪɫǶԸоʵܵ˼ѹơ
˵ֻܹӳɵʵѣ
Ȼʵ׶εĲȷֻܴɣҲԲκһأټ֮컹ôƣҲԾžԵԱ֮
ְ֣ôߣ֣۾ܲϴʵ
ȡ
ҡҡͷ׼Ҫ˵ʲôʱȴǴҶȻɫ䣬ԥĸԽ˸
ಡ
Ҳôһ˲䣬ѪɫâٻǸղڵλãǿҵƿ֮
ãмˣ
찵ȴ˵ܵѪɫâͷ·ͣЪƵģ׼ˣѪɫǿмϮ˷ǣ½˼£ȴҲܵ˼Ӱ죬üûȥϱһ˺ۡ
һΣüͷΪ塣
ųʲӵ̫ջ󣬾˼ѵΣֱʤҪһ㣬̫ջֹô򵥡
ְ֣
ü˼ʱȻӲԶ
켱æŤͷȥǼ£߲ʹâУǽΪķԲ֮ȫЩѪɫâ޷߲ʹâķ
״һǳ߲ʹâķΧУʱ֤İȫ
ںŮҲˣС첻һпҺξһ𣬲Ȼƾһ˵ĻЩѪɫâĳУ±˵ȥѰֻˣҲضѱ
ζˣ̾п
ǰְ͸ҵ·أҪлĻҲֻллְŶ˺漴õЦ

Цá
ǰκιϵ
ְ֣˵˹
һЦĸ첲˵ղҺλ㷢̫ջЩأ񲢲ǰ˵Ǹ
ʲô˼
Ҳ˵̫ջǲģӸղŵЩѪɫâͿԿأҪ̫ջǾ㲻ҲˣոպϸأӦٿ֮˵ʵйأ˵
ϣҲ֮٣򵥵˵ӦѾһܹѰֻ飡ȻǰֻҪУ


1935 Ůĺϻ籩
⡭̫ˣ
ͺ˵ʱɫϲѡ
һ߲ʹâѪɫâȴھϲ֮ЩǵĵаҪǺΣգǾˣ취ǣ
лٹģ
Ƿĵĵǣܸж漴ȴƶĵٷģĽѾ˰취һͨͨηͲȷˣ
Ҳ˵Ǵ򿪵ͨδ֪ģղš
üû˵꣬īƱǴϵѽ٣ղû˼˵ͨȻͨηȷֻڣôпܻͨڵķ򣬶Ҫǣͨлʮְȫ̫ܵջӰ죡ֻǣʱֻаʱ
ǵģ
ף̾ԣʱڶû취ҵֻ飬뿪Ļǡ
ˣûٶԣٴ̾һ
ö˵Ҷף
Ȼ˵Ůа취ôֻѡš
ôˣĻֻ
ۣĿڵȥֻˣ
ְ֣
ôԣŮȥΪ졣
٣ôˣīƺɻʵ
ûУ
ҡҡͷԼʧˣУѾ˳ֻ˿ţֻӦӦŶԣ
ֻһı
кâһҲǰܲϲļһ֮໥ӦŻŪôһƻ
ˣɱ֣ȻУѾ׽ڵ˵˿
ˣȲ˵ҲпǱƭ˶ѣ
ڰ֣ǶСģ
ã
ô˵ˣŮȻҲö˵໥ͷ󣬱৵һ뿪߲ʹâֵķΧͷ棬һƬѪɫǿ
̧۹עŮŲͬɫĹâ֮ī֮ģٻ֮Լ֮ɢԵŨϢǽЩǳȥѪɫâȫɢŮٷһ㣬˾޵С
⣬һοЩ𾪡
ŮӡĲʹâ໥ƵΣ쾪ָ֣оʱŮԼ޷֮ΪУ˵ģ𺳣
ְ֣λĺϻŶ
ͬͷЦ˵
ϻ
һȻܴ⣬׻ʲôĺϼƼܣҲ档
Һ֮
ȿڣϳһɫ޾ĺХ¶ȶһ˲½˱һ㡣
ţ裬īԼٻŮҲ֮ȳ
ϸԳͬɫĹҪѪɫǿƿĸһ㣬Ƹеޱȵ𺳡
ϻļŹƣ
ܿ죬໥ںϵٴδﵽ۷ɲǣŮͬʱ촽΢ȵ
ʱ䣬ĵΪһ壬ռ֮ĽޱȵĳŮǰȥ
ɫĹУѪɫǿղϲ·֧Ųסʱһ㡣
Ҫģȴɫ·ϣǺȻγһɫâɵ֪ͨȥη
ְ֣߰ɣ
ɫͨĳ֣Χ߲ʹâıУϿշȥܿŮһͬɫͨУ֮ʧ

ֻͨѤòѣŮ˿ŬάɫͨĴڣʹǵԳ˼ֲ԰ס
ȻԪǺصģ
ҲʱûжʲôٷУȻͨȻܳһʮӣȻûеڣиΪɻеҪ֪ɫͨͨη
Ȼ뵽֮ǰ˵δ֪ҲֻʱЩɻĵף
ȴɫͨгȥˣͻףҲٶʡҲΪδ֪ȴԿͱž裬ֹпֵܼκΣա
ɫͨʮְȫûκε˳֡
תֹȥ˲ʮӵʱ䣬ֻǰԽռ䲻ȣףͨھڽǰʶҲѾǧýУʱ׼š
Ȼ룬˵˲뿪ɫͨȴһƬƵģȥܾһƬޱıɫ󺣣ŵֺˮɬɬζܵĿռҲźϢ˲ɵ
òȥһƬռ˰ɣ
ûأ
ҡԴ˵϶Ծ̫ջڣְ֣󷨵иáֵŶ
ǻþ
ۣźŮЩ԰׵ɫɵõĵȻָһ°ɣ￴ȥʱӦûʲô
ո˵ɲǣΧıɫϾ˲ӿ޴һһǴ֮ϸǿֳһֲ磬ӿУȻǴ˷ڵλüϯ

찵һæŮһͬһХļзн
ȻȴǱεۣԼڵԪЩܿƵй˵ɫʱøΪء
ŴŴš
ХУһռĦĹŪôҲܵ˼Ӱ죬ʵ⵽ѹƵǣڴ˿̸ǼΪơ
Щ磬ʱһһĹȥûκμٵơ
ƺֻҪܵĴ󺣴ڣǵֻԽԽ࣬ͶǵӰ죬ҲԽԽǿ
㣬ҲζҲʲô취ô¾Σˣ˵ڴɣ
ȥǺʹ֮⣬ֻ޴ڵĿֲˣɫԽأƫƫһʱ벻ʲô֮Чľ취
Թʹ򣬿ȴܵ˼ƣֳֵܹܼʱҲʱңһлڰʱʧ
ǾԲܵģ
һԪľʱ񲻳Ϊϵ׸
ٻģ
ʱȻúһٻʱХûٻС
գֵľգ
㱻һʱĲҪʱһص롣
Ȼٻľȴֻһʼ
ԽѸͣռ֮ϯǶ׷˸ΣʵԵĻʬ嶼Ҳˡ
У
ҧҪ֮
ְ֡
ҧҧ촽˵ЩĻɴɵģҪȱҪ󺣵⣡٣ҲҪ¹ƽ

⻰ЩЦֺγ֪һأ


1936 
Ļֻ죬ŮڴʱЩЦá
ҪΧӿѵĴƽ̸ף
˵̫ջˣ棬ȴȻıҲʮԿƣ
Ļºһʱ䣬˶ĬԼҲǲЦһ£Գҡҡͷ
Щ籩ԽѸͣӵκһ˽ȴҲܵһЩβ䡣ܵ˺ȫζ˵ȴһĪ衣
ӣƺŪЩķ籩㲻ͣ¡
ǿ֪̫ջ㣿
ʱʵвûб̫ϣ
Ȼ㿴ңĽҡͷ˵κΰ취

쳤³һɫ
ˣϸ۲˵
۵һͲˣһ󷨻ûʼն󷨣شﵽ
ֻҪƿߴ̫ջ߳ôһеΣնȫ
ǣ׸ôȥ
֮ųԽʵ죬ȴԾɱŪһͷˮ벻κ֮ЧĽʽ
ʱһһĹȥЩ籩Խͣüһвһһڶô򵥣һͷͷ˶ɵħޣޱȷϢ
ѩƣа취𣿡
ʵڲˣֻܻѩʵ
ȻѩҲʧˣֱЦá
ףְЩԾŶ
Ȼ䣬ؿڣͺ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ⼸ο˸һգۼվ
ôˣȲʵ
ŵǿǱߡ
ָͷϿգտɫ£ΨаƯûֲܿ籩ﵹҲʧΪһʮĻþ
ֻǣ˳ָȥʱȴǳ˰֮⣬
С㣬㵽˵ʲôѽīƺɲѵʵ
ŮҲˣ˼
Щư
˵ǲú𣿡
֣īЩʲôֵģЩĶС᲻ˣЩ
īƻˣû˵꣬ȴǺĴϵīƣС˵öԣ
ţ
ԼٻŮʱЩ㵣һ˼ӣĿʰԼΧ籩ߣûħ򿪿˵ʲôȴǺĵ˵Ƿڶڶ
ʲô綯ƶģ
īûĵ٣⵽ʲô˼
ˣǷڶȴûīո£ٻ˫Ľûʱ۾һͬʱڵ
ڶû
ī̧׼ǿƯδİȥȻһˣǵ˼˵ô͵籩ǲܲӰ쵽ЩƵģԡ
ԣЩƲǹؼӿڵ
ְ֣а취ˣ
ЦеĿ죬ףԿɣܱ˱Ҫõö࣡
Ҫʲô𣿡ʵŮҲĦȭơ
أǿűǣ
ҡҡͷ漴˲Ԫֵı£Щ籩׸ͷϿգӿֳһʮ㱦״˫֮һʮ
˵˵ȴǳֳڰɫ໥֯ӣޱŨһֱӭգۼγһתиâʢΧԭͲѵ籩ǵһһƽȵơ
âȥ
۾һУУôǾ˼âͷʵĶƼϮȥ
һУâ͸籩ȫ˲ɢͷ·δֹһ㡣
һĻȴҲǿľ첻ѣȻĵɣٵιպƳЩ籩ڲƽ⣬ʶɢ
ǼǼ
ŮҲ׷׵ͷͬԼȴɿʮͷųǿâѸײڶ֮ƼǶϮȥ
ϡ
Ȼ˾һĻˡ
ڼŮӡУâӦÿһٳƶãƫƫȴƽһ㣬ǼΪǿƵĽЩâֱ˿ȥ
ô£ŮޱȾ
ԾɳţƺҲ˳˼þδΨЩâɲϮɱ˵ƵЩˣӰ춼ûӰ쵽һְ֡
ԭˣ
ӹȥ۾һʱЦ
ְ֡
ЩģҪ嵽ȥȴʱ˻
ְû£
Цֹס쳯·˻֣ĿƵЩƣпһĨâ
׼ãȻû취󣬵а취뿪ط
صȻЩɻ󣬵Ǻɵѡ
ƣ
ۣңңһָ˲仯һ⣬ЩƼٶȥ
ܿռһռѷ첻ϳ֣Ƭռʱһ㡣
ߣ
쳯·һ֣ŮٴӡһǺڰɫ໥Ƶâǽȫ֣ǰȴǵȷĴڣΧռѷֵͬʱ˽󣬺ܿǶǰ
ಡһ׺ȻһתǺһƬжȻڹһɲǼǽЩȫֻ֣Ħ֮Щƾ·ĳ޷ֿ֮ۿɼٶɢš
ҲЩɢͬʱһ֪ͨηĿռͨչֳôļŮʱ۾һԼȴ΢΢һЦƺг
£
ȻЩȫɢ籩ȫͣЪԼ·󺣳׻ָƽ˲䣬ȴѾֵĿռͨǰվʾ£ҲδУǾռͨڴվ
ְ֣ȥ𣿡ͷʵ
϶Ҫģǽǡ
΢΢һЦȻֵɲǣһ˲һǿҵһҪֿУǽȫС
һڰֱûռͨڣգʧ
Ůɻ֣ȴûйͣٵӡԪȫƺʲôΪѵһʱ䣬ӱǲ԰ֽͷϸ䣬Ϣ΢˲١
ְ֣ôˣͣ°ͣ£ȻҪֲסˣ
ʱļֲ֣ҳȥ⵽ʲôɡ
ŮҲһ飬ȴҲÿƣûκë嶯֮٣


1937 ܲ
͵Ǳ̫ջеʱ˵ĴͶ飬ȴǷֱ𣬶ľƣʸԼϹԶĪɽĴ£һ·նɱ¾ĳյλøȥ
һ·ϣɱ¾Ķ࣬ԽλãѪ֮ʵҲԽǿ棬һζֺüʮʥ֮ˣ˵ҲһμΪյˡ
˲٣ԽҲԽ̼˴ҪѪµľģ
ڣǳɹĵִλãҲһɽڣ
ɽ֮󣬼ֱ
߷ҲѾƣԿɽһƯŵİƣܵĻȴû֮еôͷ·ǳѪռֻһһΪ֮У
ﶼΪףֻǱϵģ
ܹΪɽºͰܲסĵط⴦ɽǱϿȥô򵥣п϶ɱ
һ˽УȴǵıؽһΣ֣
Ȼȴû˿ĺ֮⣡
һʼһˣǲ֪ȥ˺δֺʹҾһλ̫ϳϣһɫôᶨޱȵ
Ѫ£Ĳػ
ٳ֮ǰԣȻãȻǴĵ׵һ֧ţ
ߣɽ
һһǴһӣ˳ǰǾɽ룬ûһ
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Уǧ˵Ķȴǳ˽Ų֮⣬
ܵһо׵ĵ׷ԭɽӦôڵħޣȴȫȻƺҲ˼ŵϢ
ӣ˵ǻʲôУײһطļʵ
˭֪أ
طʼ磬صʲôǵĵˣɱ˱ǣ
Сģ
ڿ񽣻׼˵ʲôʱ򣬺Ȼ쾵һ˲ȫͣ£ܡ
ôˣ磿ʵ
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ҪȥҲ֮˵
УôȥһΣգֻԼ
쾺ԥķ漴׼ٴο˵ʲôȴͻأɫ˲䣬æȵ˺ˣãǼ
£쾡ԣľ֣ʸԼرλ̫ϳͬʱ𡢶ľԼʸк˺һЩ
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ء
ɲǼ䣬ǰȻ֮ɫһݣȴǷ׷ĦȭƣЩʱ׼֮⡣
أ
Ȼһձ֮Ȼű˵δǰոֶɫΪѿ
ô£
˾첻ѣûеʳԱǼ򵥽һ顣
ԭǰưȫĵشϣȻŲ壬ЩĿռ֮Ƴɣ쾼ʹһУ¶
ֲǽɽһжԵôƽԭڵǣ
ۣҪĵִȴҪһս
߰ɣǼ
쾰ڰ֣λ̫ϳһͬǰ·
һε飬ȻûۼЩռ嵽ʲôȴҲӰԽ
ŵʱС
ռԽԽ࣬һСı̤У˱
̶̲һʱʱ䣬ʮ˲һıʳƬûһʬ¡
δ֪ôǵģ
ΪѪ£ȴһ֮⣬Լ
һǰУڵԽ裬ʱɢ̽ΧһУȻЩռϾǽѪռ֮ɵģʵ֮ɽµȷǵ˲٣˭Ҳұ֤˵Լܹһȫ
ɽУһ϶һֱǰС
ˮˮɽɽʼհһ̶ķǰƫƫ̫࣬ҲԽӽɽģôԭŵԽ
ףԽǵһ̣ҲԽΣգ΢һиضԼǴȥɹΣգ
ˣ
˼ǰУǾһɽȵʱȴǺȻһڴͷϿ𣬽ɽǰԼҵıïܴڵĵطȴͷܶȥǧ֮ࡣ
ͷϿյģȻ֮ǰ㱻ɱģѪʹǬ

һԣ˶֪ˣȴС
Ԫ⣬֪ڵʲôֻǿޱȵӣȴֵǣƫƫǰֹֻԱ߰Ϊ͡
ڣڹȥʱȻ˫ۡ
ɫƣȴβס˫еϲã
ڳɹˣ
ĲУ컺վϲ֮Ա
ʲôɹˣ
Ů߹ʵ
Ѿ뿪̫ջ󣡡΢Ц
ʲô⡭
Ů˶ʱޱ𾪣Ǹ˵ôܡȴ뵽첢޵ķʸ֮ˣҲû˵
һָһ£˵
ڰ֣ٴϥ뵤ҩͬʱڵľٻָֹȥ˲һʱǲ԰׵ɫźתһЩΪץʱ䣬Ҳûټȥ
漴˫ĿУ΢΢һЦʵҲ˵ˣɣȻҲʲӵ̫ջ󣡲κ󷨣ʲôֻҪܹ߸ôͱضᱻƵ
ôԣŮȻ
ǵ첲Цְ֪
㰡
ǽεǣЦ⡣
ˣ˵ˣǳȥɣҪȥͼǻϣ
ЦŰڰ֣˱ʱгȥǳֵĵص㣬Ȼǽ֮ǰǸɽȹȿڴ
أ
ֱЦôֲһ󷨣ǾȻûʲôоͳˣٺ١Ҫɽ֪Ļ᲻ᱻֱѪأ

Ů⻰ҲǲһЦ
ЦҡҡͷҪ׼һ뿪˴ɲǼ䣬ȴɫ˲䡣
һɿֲѹһ˲ǽȫ֡
ְ֡
΢䡣
ģ
С֣ʾŮСģ͵̧׳ǰȥȻˣǾ͸ɴɣû´ӦþɽµʦǰѪ֮ܲǰɣ

ĻѹȫȻʧȡ֮ȴһʮ̶ִĹЦűһģѪɫӰǰջ֡
¾ĿȥȴҲ޷͸˵ʵĿ
ѹǿԼδܹİϢȫжǰܲɣ


1938 ʵʵǧ裡
ܲ
ѪɫӰǰܲ
֮ԣЦУǼŮԵüΪ𾪣ǲ˼ĸȻԵΪš

̶ĹЦ֮ɳǵѪɫӰҲǴϷʵƮɶ£ܿѾ˰׿վ
Ӧò˵վƯ
Եŵһ룬ټֹΣֱĵ׷
ۣĪǰΪֹĿʾ𣿡
죬а죡ȻǱɽµƽеˣ
ѪɫӰѪתܿ㼱ֳһʵӰòΪᣬʮӣһ˫Ѫɫȴʮɭһ֪ϼ޻֮
Ϸǰܲ
ܲ죬ԵǼȻϷ֮־ܣϷһ˻ܹһ·
һˣ
ԶʱЦҵѪ֮ɣŶˣҪҵ飿
ԲӦ
ܲʼ磬ϷֻҪɱ㣬һԼȡŶˣϷ򲻵òһ䣬һѡ·ߵòŮӾͱؽһͬȪ
ְ֣ķϻ
ԵҺλ㶼˵ˣƾϲļһҲɱǣ
٣С˵ĲǺƴˣ
ŮҲǷ׷׳һԲɣ˿ûκ̬֮
һĻܲü
ãƺЩԾĵͽܣҲѪ֮ɽ£ڹа췽棬кܶûиðܲʱĺȻ˶٣ıȴԽ
˰ɣǰ
˿̵ȴʼ磬вʲôأ
ȻˣҪϷԶˣ
ˡָոճڵɲǣǰܲ͵ǰһ˲ǰһ״ٶȿ޷Ҳˡ
ңֶĲУȴʶĺ˶ӰܲʱȻˣȴǽһϲ˿˿亹ð
ְ֡
һĻҲ˲䣬æԡ
û£
ҡҡͷǰܲȥĵ׸Ϊ
ܲղּ򵥹ƣ޵ֿ֮һ㣡
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Ҫ֪أټôĵƣȫ˵һ֣ܲȻ֮УоһǰδеΣ
죬Ҫ˵Ϸûᣡ
죬ܲȴûż֣ԵղŲϷһֶѣһξ棡
Ǿͼɣ
һֱͦúֱ˵Ѿ˵ˣҪҵѪ֮飬ǾԼȡ
ҵģ
ܲѪһٴγϮ
˴ȴѾʮֵ׼ȻԾЩԵֵվǽʩչ£ܿǰܲսһ
ŮҲǲɷֱֵӼսţûн뿪Ļϡ
أ
䣡
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أȻ֪Ǻʵ֮ǰȻܹóô֤Ҳɣ
򣬾ȻԵǱ
ҪǱ˿֪Ҫء
ս֮У·ɽȶŪѣЩӿ£ʱ˶ݣռֱص˼㡭
죡
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ְ֡
١
Ůæϣǲҵӣһɫѿѡ

Ȼܲȴ޾ʹ˰֮⡣
ЦУζȻһѪ⣬ڵλϮ
Уһֱϵ⣬صʵ
λ㣬չ˺ðְ֣
һ߲ʹâϵ˲ǹâ䡣
תֱǵѪ⣬ɭ䲻ѡ
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ѳȴӯӯЦְ֣ģµģǰǰְչҲְˣ
С㡭
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ţ˲ڿգ߲ʹâΪӿȴ·һޱ״̬òƶڲתÿһôˡ
ǡ
˫һǧ衷ôܣС
ʲôǡǧ衷
˺Ļ쵹ЩϤīơԼٻŮȴǾ֣˫ضϿܹһǰδеĹ֮ɫ
켫ΪɣҪʲôɲǣȻһ￪·ħ첻졣
Ҳֵͬһʱ䣬Ϊĵ߲ʹâȴ·ܵĳת˲ǽܲΧĿռȫ֣ԭѪΪ֮һ٣ٴֳıΡ
鹴
ǧ衭
֪ΪΣ죬³⼸Ժз·һϤȴİĻ棬˿̹˲˵ӣֱվǼ
Լ֪ЩԺδ
һ飬һǧ䣬ǣħ
㱼䣬·بžԶƮӯռ䣬֮ϵĶƲʶܵ˼Ӱ죬׷Ʈɢ
˿̵ȴǨ裬羫һ㣬ı仯˵ĸо
ΪĿİܲһ˲Щʧ˫Ѫֳ˼ֳմ֮ɫΧѪ߲ʹâвϱ·ʲôһ㡣
Ȼġǧ衷ã

ۿѪԽԽǰܲȴǺĴȳ
˫ӳմ÷ŭԭѪȴһεĿ·һͷħޡ
Ϸƣ
ʱѪĿ񱩣ܲȻһŭȻһһѪɫ𣬾ֱӳЩ߲ʹâ֮ڵλüϮȥ
С㣩ģ
״Ů
ȴδƵģûκκ˵˼ֻʱĶٶȽ֮֮ǰ˲١
ǼµĴڣǽòȾ˼£
ŴŴš
Ѫɫ߲ʹâ໥ײ
ܲٴһȣѪɫ·˷ܼƵģ˲ٴο˲١
ã
˲䣬æӡµķ
أ
Ѫɫ߲ʹâѸײڶ֮ƺݺݳϡ
ţʮǱĳ·׹䣬µĹâڴʱҲ˲٣ŮȴǼæȥСĽסء


1939 ħӰ
ְ֣ûµģ
һģںīƵĲ£ЩҡҡλΣȴΪƽȥûܵκӰ졣
뵽ղǵѪɫվǲģֱԼһȷܵܵһЩ⣬һƣڷ
ͬʱҲ֡
ǵѪɫǿ󣬽֮֮ǰܵһȭҪǿܶࡣ
ʵӦûдﵽ̶ȣôֻܽܵһЩأ
ƺ룬һЦְ֣ⶼµĹŶƵµķȻ˵ҵأ
ô桭
쾪첻ѣȻŮҲ뵽һ㣬Ҳûбֳپ֮ɫ
۶İܲ˫Ŀ
׼ȷ˵ǶϣѾ߲ʹâ˲ٵ£
ʵȻ֪ԼղֹƵǿ֮ҲܹоѪɫںһɲǣԶЩ
һеĹؼϣ
ʶһʱ䣬̰ܲҲһ£
Ȼܲˣ߲·϶ʮָЦڸĵĳͷܱγЦʼձ֤ԼҪģ
԰ܲţȫһõ֣㲻ȴҲӦܹʺԼ·ĻζŻһ
ԣһʱܲϵ̰֮ɫΪԡ
ԭ
ףʵղһǧ衷ô£ôû
Ҳ̸ҵŶ
Цǰġһǧ衷Ҫ˺ͷãǰȴǹ
򵥵˵ţͬʱʹһɫʾڻǰܲĴڣܲٶ˵
ĵͷ
ʱͨõҩľ˫ЧԼڴ֮ǰܲлָ
֮ħӰ£
̰֮Ĵʢʹðܲɱ˲䱩ǡ
޲һ̱㽫ǵɱҪĶȫߡ
飡
ָܲоֻҪܹ飬ʵܹﵽһ𾳽磡
ʱ򣬰ܲκ֣˫ӡУһѪɫâƶһ˲Ĺ򣬱⸽һжѪ֣˷һǺ֮¶ȶ½˲١
ô£
ͻȻı仯ʮ־졣
ţǰܲξʧȡ֮ȴһѪɫӰ
ͷ­ԼݣģģĿԷֱó
ҪģȴЩѪɫӰ·Ƶģһֱ㳯ڵλüϮȥ
Сģ
켱һɲǾμ˸ȻȴǼͬʱ˵ɫǴ䣬ΪǸоޱǿĿռ֮ٶȾܵ˼ǿѹƣɶӲ
ԽԽѪɫӰٱƽһצֵĳǳ·Ҫ˺Ƭһ㡣
ˣְ֣ղ˵úǽħӰأ԰ɣ
Ȼʵ
ԣôа취ˣͷʵ
ûС
ȻȴǿЦֻ˵ѣħӰһֺܹĹһʩչݣȥҲᱻ꣬ΪЩħӰһ֣
ǡСģ
ҲԵЩƣȴ˲侪һæУһתܵɲǣȻѪɫӰУŪһģһ𣬲ûһѪֱ³
ְ֡
ɫ˲䣬æͳŵҩιɫָų׷ġ
ȻЩѪɫӰҲħӰԽԽ࣬ĽȫΧʲô϶
ţǹĹǺ֮һֻֻħӰϮֻǿӦԣҪǣЩħӰϵ˺۾ȻҲʵʵڵġ
Ѫڵĳ֣ɺѪϢԽ̼ЩħӰԣԽӦԣ
ҪģǼΪ֮ǰֵܲĹƶܵһЩˣ߲ʹâİɿһ¶ıҲʮǿ
ɢ߲ʹâҲһ֣û룬ЩħӰĹڣֱܹӳ꣬Ǵ˿ĻԽΣա
˵ʵ׶ΣѾΪЩħӰеһԱˡ
쵹ǳԹʹ򣬵ȴǽ֮ƽʱ˲٣޷ʱά֣һԪľôȴıȻ֮һ;
ǣ벻һõİ취ֻǿƾ޷ʩչɵٶȽж
ʱţ˺ԽԽ࣬ѪеѪҲԽԽּܹ࣬ܵƣ֮ǰЩ֮սȴǸܣ
һ̣ԸѡȥǰܲƴһҲԸпܱĥ
𡭡
ʱһŭĴ׹ֱ
ѩСߴ
ΪѪµĿǣѩƸһֱЩħӰܵһѹƣûȶãѹȴȫȻʧ֮ղ˵ŸīƳѩϮȥӷ·Ǽʲôһ㡣
һߣСߴȴ˷ܲѵĽţûԸСһ̱ǱѩľĴСһţʱħӰﲻܿƵķȥ
ЩħӰҲǳΪСߴʳ
СߴûκֹͣһֱͷϿգŽѩҲ˻󣬶ʱٴǣ·γһķ籩޾ˮƵģܵħӰȫ븹
һȴҲʱǵΣϢĻᣡ

Ȼ䣬ܲɭŭը쿪
ѪӵĹУʣµħӰȴǽɢûмǹ
Ȼܲѡ
һħӰȫɣôħӰ񲻾ͳʧȥã
á
ħӰʧСߴĴһãһ׹ûڣܿ˳˯״̬κҲûеõκλӦ

Ȼһ̣ܲƺҲһ㣬ǻеĹЦٴδ
𡭡
ţһͷͷ͸ѪӰٸ֣һŭУȴٴγϮ
֮ǰˣѪޣ
治֪ܲһôģ
ΣЩѪħӰȴǴǸӺȻ֮УѩʱŭȻûκãԽ̼ЩѪħӰԣǳٶȺԽԽҡ
ɫ˲䣬æܣ
Сߴ˯޷ٴѩҲûʲôãǸղŲ΢ȫһЩľ棬ٴαΣ


1940 
֮ǰħӰڵѪħӰɫΪأʱѩƺҲûʲô취ԣԽţΣд
𡭡
ܹ쳹ĵ׵޺ǳ˸ְ취Ǹ޷ֹЩѪħӰıƽ
֮ǰһ㣬ЩѪħӰھ뼫ĳҪģһδεĳȻܹһѪڣټܶٶȵļƣǵĴԽΣա
ڰ֪ܲںδΣҲζڰиΣڣΣյУҲòֳһ衭

ֳǧýԪնһͷһͷѪħӰ˿ȥȴ޷ʲô̫ʵԵ˺Ҳаѡ
ԵŮȴһͬΧһȦÿһ˸һҲʱܹȫ̫Σա
Ǽ˶ףȥǿҲӲһ֣
ڵָôأ
ֻҪھͲû㡣
Уǻ֮˵
һֱŬѰңֻϣܹҵЩѪħӰ㣬ȻĻʱһض룡
Ȼܹ㹻ʱ
û֪ܲĵҪ£ԼǿдȥѪ֮
״УܵܲƵħӰУЩѪħӰԽԽ࣬ԵԽ˵ĵҲԽѣһҲ˲ٵѪڡ
ѪĴ̼УЩѪħӰҲԽͣ·˵Ⱥһͷͷ򣬴вȫɱ㲻֮ͣ⣡
ְ֡
Ťͷ죬Ȼûж˵ʲô˼ȴʮ
ӦģȴһЦ
˵ʵڵģûʲôõİ취Ψһܹ뵽ģǾʱ䣬Сߴ֮󣬿ܹЩħӰܼܲɵЩѪħӰ
СߴҪ೤ʱ䣿ǻܼ
Σֽ׶ζ˵Ψһһ취ˣ
ԣְɣ
Ԫ֣ѪħӰЩʵԵĹֵ⣬ȴʼձһ侲ȻǵȷһЩϣܹӸʱ䣬ܹ֮ǰĻСһЩҪԪֻҪһ֧֣Գûõҩлָ䣬һ໥ֵʱҲ١
ǰǣܲʲôٶ

ʱĻţЩѪħӰԽ֮ʱȻһЦ￪ֹĻԵôͻأȻЦУȴǾþһ崺֮УЩѪħӰĳһ˲½˼㡭
ʲô˸Ϸﵷң
ܲӰֳܵѪħӰ׷˿γһΧȦΧס
ܲ㻹ϵ𣿡
漴һӰ߳
һϮɫȹȻЦݣȴϢƽһ˫Ƴʱĳ޷κ֮⡣
Ǳˣǵ޿ռʥѩɽ谢̣
谢̣ôˣ
쾪Եͷ룬ںŮƺҲЩɻ
漴Ů֪뵽ʲô۾һҲʱֳ˼ŨŨϣ
ѽһ׼ðܲϼһ²ҵأôֱ˵أ
賯춪һۣȴκ֣Ҳûʲôһ̧ŵɲǣѾ˾а׵ԡ
СѾͷʶˣ
ûܲԽı飬СЦʮʱҿɶȥأ
̣
գգ۾ʱһϲȴСѾͷ
̣
ֱЦסֱ۱һҲֲס֡ӣ̲סСȫ۰
̣ǰ
漴ŮҲӯӯ
̣û뵽Ҳˣܺã
ЦŵͷҪ˵ʲô֮ʣǰܲȴ̲סˣŭ裬㾹ȻΥԴ޿ռѵͲ췣𣿡
ԣ췣
˰ܲĻ赱һ䣬ԣʲôģҸ˵췣ۣή췣ͷ˰ɣ
㡭
ܲɫٴһ䡣
ʵܼ򵥣Ѫ֮ƿڼ䣬޿ռ䲻κ񣬲ԶѪΪУ
ղĻȻҲûϾƿߣѪ֮ɽ£ǰܲǰεѪ֮죬ѪµͷŴУа죡
޿ռҪϷˣ
ܲǴӺһޱɭ䡣
ԣ
ЦΪԼǸˣҪУΪͰλв
֮ǰɽ˾ȻٴȥвǣԼ
˵䣬ѾĵɱȻ
ãǽ죬Ϸ㣡ϷҪ޿ռʲô
ܲЦһ˲ԭʧٴγ֮ʱȴѾϿգѪʢɲǣͼһ޴Ѫƴǿѹƶ¡
ֲѹ˲ˣɫ䡣
ǣ
һ˲ڿգϰ׹⼤γһɫֱӳѪɫӭȥ
أ
һ캳أضΪ֮һ
ֻãѸ£ԳģȻ˿˿ѪǸ߿֮ϣܲҲֳΣȴΧѪӿ˫Ѫɫ˫Ƿѣȫκһ顣
һסǿߣ֪𣿡һĨѪ
谢̡
˶ʱɫ䲻ѡ
ɲֶͬ飬ˣ
ǲߣ
ŮҲ֮ᶨҡͷ
ǡ
һɾڴʱǰܲķЦ˿ǶߣգϷؽȫնɱڴˣ裬ʹ뿪ҷ޿ռѪ£Ϸһ
ܲΣ
һҧ˲ٴڿգкȻһİɫ佣ųβƵģ˽һȴ˲۷壬ԥĳܲٴȥ

ܲѪâһգۼֱԣ˦ּ޾Ѫ⣬󴦺ݺȥ
״ĵ״󺧣æŤתνжܣȻ¾ɹ㿪ЩѪĳܵ˼𵴣ǰܲĶ֣
㣡
һֳǧýֱϮܿԣܲĲֹ
ڴʱȴŮıվԭأͷ˵սŵսȭͷǰδеء


1941 ˲أ
ִսܲʱһߵˣȴԽƽյλá
𣬶ľʸλϹԶĪɽͬ쫷һͬǰУദҲΪ죬ݲ˵ΪŦҪǶͬһĿ꣬ǾѪ£
ŴԽƽյģһ·Ѫ֮ҲԽԽ࣬ʵҲڲ澹ǳ˺üطڳĻµƾǼ򣬾ôʧˡ
Ȼˣһ·ǰеɱ¾Ҳöʧ֮࣬Ȼ󲿷ֶֻԪʵǱϾǾϸѡİʧҲλΪ֮ʹɴҶף֮ʧ󣬶һжΪѪ£ֻҪܹﵽĿģȫҲֵõģ
Ӧòǰ˰ɣ
ͣ£ۻܣ
Ӧǣ
ľʸͬڹ۲һס
ô죿ǼǰǸɴǹʵ
ģܱһ˶øã
ңǰ϶ԽԽΣգ˼ĻܹЩΣչܲ١
ҾãǼߣ
ϹԶڣǲһطͣԽԽѪ֮ҹңҪһ㣬ǱҪץʱ䣬Ҳ˵ǱߵΣǲϺȣ
ͬϹٵ˵
ĪɽҲ֮䲻õѡ񣡡
ҷԣ
ľȴǺԵұˣ˵Ӧһֱڱ֮Уôжɽ˿϶ʱϢȴȫָ˲żǰߣΣգǵİҲܹһЩ
˵Ҳԣ
˻һʱڳ˵ͷͬ⣬һı鶼Խѿ
Ŷˣɽ²𣿡
طĿڣӦˣ᲻ûڼǣ
ɽµʦǰѪ֮ܲ
ľƻҡͷܲʵ϶ǿȻǱ߻ٰܲע⣬ǲ̫ð⡭
׼˵ʲôʱȴǶȻѪɫӿգۼĹ򣬱˷ͷܶѪ֮˳֣γһ޴İΧȦһȫΧ
ã
˾æԱս
ɱ
ЩѪ֮ûκԥĻû˵һ䣬ǴΧչ׼õķɱ
ʵ֮ǰǾѾˣһֱ˵ľĶûô£ѡԵһȴ̸֮ôһǡʱȫȻһεĹơ
ɱ
λټ쫷ҶȻЩû뵽Ǻԥֱ֣
ʱһսɱ˲չ
˷ЩѪ֮˵ʵÿһʥϣ໥ϣһȴǴ֮ǰ˵Ӿ޴в
ء
䡭
սͣһ״ƵģЩѪ֮˷Ƹʹˣ¾ҧҲҪҧ¶һѪ⣬ַУȴչֳޱЦݣһԵħ
ЩѪ֮˷Ӱɱ¾Уʮʱ䣬ϰ˲󲿷ȫʬû£ǲ˳ãѪڵϣжˡ

λ̫ϳϼһĻŭѡ
һֱۣӳ֣
ѪȺУһΪ貵ĽââʱѪ֮˱նϣѪ俪ȴûһϡ
ʱͬոޣ
ÿγ֣ضһѪ֮˲ϣ
λ̫ϳҲûκ֮⣬ΪսǣȴǱǿʵһһոЩѪ֮˵
ͬʱطȴʼչע𣬶ľʸλİΣ̫ϳǵɱ¾˵طȴҪ򵥺ֻܶ࣬Ҫλв˿ǲŻ֣ȫ˱ڻְ
ˣѾıţǵѪ֮˵Ķ֣֮ǰҲĬ
Ѫֲ֮ηķȴҲ˴ȥ˼鷳¾̫ϳǵɱ¾ȴԻŸѪ֮˳ˣôҵβûжĺת
ʱĻţ뷽Բʮĵ棬ѾѪȾټϸֲȱʬ壬Լ˶ĵڸ٣ǽȾһƬ޵Ĵڡ
棬֮ࡣ
ЩѪ֮ˣҪٵһ룬ЩɱУд󲿷ֶ̫ϳС
ɱϾ̫ϳֻˣӵַ츲ı£Ҳܱ֤Լô˵İȫ
ν϶ҧ󣬲ǣ
ӡ
˫Ŀ죬ȻŭѣҲְɣȥǰ취
ã
طսȭͷصͷ
ֱӷŴУ
طҧ˵漴˱ʱڿն𣬷ֱռĸͬķλҲ֮ɢԲͬɫӡĿ£ӰһɲǼͬʱֶ
ϷȸԼ׻
һֵ˲䣬ޱȿֲ֮ӿҷ·ͬʵʵŭ֮·ļս֣ȴԾɱ
ѹѪ֮˶ȥܵ˼ѹƣ
ɱ
ߵĶУ֪˭һ˱㲻һеļӴĹƣһӽԭ˵ľƸı˲١
мӰ콣
мڤ
мޣ
мˮ壡
һ̣ͬһʱ䣬طڴȡ
ƬռлصҪǸǰֳĴͽޡԽֲ֮Ѹײڶٶȣ·ڶѪ֮˼Ϯȥ
ˣˣ
оֲѹĽ٣ʱһ˿ȥ
ҲһĶܿ뿪˸ղżսսš
䡭
ء
ʱ䣬ִмԭӵƵģЩѪȺУ
漴Ѫ쮷ɣʬɢң̳ѪҺУǲѪ֮һ˻˺˿Ŀɿڴ֡
ֱֲ̫ˣ
̶գ֮䣬źüٸѪ֮˲ʥǸǿ򣬵ֵķΧڣ;ûһ£Щʬ嶼Ū飬ȫһȫʬ
ã
У̲סĴһ
ҲˣټĿ⳯ȥ
Ǻôĵӣ
ȻʱڴһΪɱôѪ֮˵ľϲлع֮ʣһȻɽµĶסطˣѪɱ
ɽ³֣Ʋ٣ҺʵٵӣǿĲüͷ
һʱ䣬ԭϲȫȻʧȡ֮ȴޱأ


1942 ħӰɻΣ
ɽ¾Ȼˡ
˵Ҫʱָܻ
βŹȥʱѡ
ǵɫѣԥվ˳
˿̣ɽµĳ֣ʣµѪ֮Ҳ׷˺øղЩĲɱ¾ʱͣ
Ȼ˭ĲֻʱĶѣ
໥֮գδõκλͣ˺񻹱˲١
λϹԶĪɽ쫷ټ֮λ̫ϳϣԼ֮·طˣҲڿеɽ£ɫزѡ
𣿡
ɽڣޱĵ˵ûǣٸý˭ҲȲǵ
ɽ£Դǿţ
𵱼ҵѪѾݣҵҲҪһ汳

ľ֮ԵǼȻѾǾѿһΪǻ𣿡

ɽŭЦЦصÿһ˶ϡ
̬ڳɫüΪѿ·ܵĳһ㡣
һЦֹסɽɫһʵǣʦȻԳȥԸˣͷۣҲǼʦ֣ò˶ãض촦ǣʹȥԷŹǣ
ʦǰܲ𣿡
ɽµĻΪȴɵЦΪǲ֪Ĵڣ
ţ
˻ɽµ۾һС
˵ʵڵģܲĴڣѪ֮ҲֻΪļ֪
ȴ·гɫɽ΢Ȼֲ֮УҲΪŨǿɱ
ȻҪǾ͹ֲñˣ
ɽһۣеɭ֮ҲԽŨ˵һֵʱȴЩ죬˼ûӦ֮ǰʣµѪ֮˱ʧɽ¶ռ䣬ʧ
⡭
ǰһĻŪ
ǲţɽǣ
ôΨһĽͣǰ涨Ȼʲôıڵȴǣ
ˣ
ߣԭصȴǵĹ
գԵλǲٵˣܲԶ֣Ǳ߿϶鷳ǱҪץһʱ䣬ܹȡЧҲԼһЩѹðܲò
ϸ˵ļǣ
ľƵͷӦ˵Ǵҵϣ˵䲻ģʧˣֻҪţôǾͻϣΣһκ飡
⻰ȻúܶﲻҲòϣľԵȷʵ
ԣܿұ飬ǰȥ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽εǰȴǳΪ˲һ·

ˣ
յĳԺУŴһƬѪɫգü֪Щʲô
ʱǬ˽վࡣ
ôˣûתΪɭ
ѾأµõϢȥһ棬̼Ǽӿٶȣаձ㡭
ˣǬ˶٣ɫҲΪѿ
Σת˫·ԴǬƵģһ
ħӰɻ󣡡
Ǭҧҧɫʱ򣬼¿ȷѾúħӰɻһ˽У׶༪ٰ
ħӰɻ󡭡
Щȴüٴν塣
һɽ£Ȼ
ҧҧҪ׼˵ʲôʱȴǺһصˣ֪ˣȥɣڰܲɽ¶ڣѪʹݵǲõҪסˣԼĺ·⣡
ǣף¸ˣǬ˳ȥ
ԴϴεǬ˵ȫȫ⣬ʵȴҲͶڣ
ףѪܹջʤԾֻһ֮֮ȥˣΪԼܹиõδҲֻһѡվߡ
ѪǱ߻ʤڶǴмλãǬҲȻȻܹһõ·
ڵݣܹðܲƽȶԴȴǰܹǱ߷ˮһеһУǬȻ棬ȴҲûжʣ
Ǭ˵ʱȥ
ǵĴħӰɻ֮УֵܸĹ֮ڶΧֻ谵ػУȴһĻƵħӰ֣󺮷ĺХȴô˴Եһ㣬ĵ׷
ǿ϶ĳ󷨣
˵Ҳ׷׵ͷǣȻǲ֪ħӰɻģ
ߴңصģǱҪ뿪
˵ţȻһɲǼ䣬ȴͻأһҺְѹֵĻУԵǰ
ô£
󷽵Ⱥȥһ˵ڵϣ鴤ʹ಻˻ţƫƫûһˣѯ֮󣬶ûһ˿˺¡

ţǺüͬĲҺͬʱɫ䣬㲻׷ʲô
ʲôƵģڳһֽš
ǣ
Ȼ䣬طЩźģĶ
ţ
ˣʱüͷһ壬׷ϸ۲졣
Ȼڽкü˲ҽе˲䣬ҷ
򵥵˵ħӰɻдŵħӰҲЩҿģͬһĻڣ˲Һף鴤ӱ㳹ʧȥ
ҵģЩ
λæҲ׷׾ЩĻƵħӰʱһԪȻܽɢҲܹʱõһЩʱ䣡
ôȥҲǰ취
̶̲ʮʱ䣬ʮ˲
ǵãϴѧǸ񹥻֮𣿡
طۣ
һʱȻ
ϴ׷λѪռǣһԥĽַʩչЩħӰѴɼˣȴֻ赲޷䳹
Ҫһ㣬ǴڱħӰɻУܹʱ赲ħӰʱһָûأ
˽һ²ģע໥
ǴһˣҪκεŻ֮⣬ó֮Ҳ취ܾܲȥ
ǴҪЭҪ䣡ľƺͻʸҲ׷׳
ʵҲòλ˵Ѿ˶쫷Щˣڴ˿һܵ˵ıһȴҲר־񹥻֮ҲԵøΪг
ȻΣȴδʹ˹ȥ
ܵħӰԽԽ࣬һ׵ɼ
ԣ
Ȼ䣬طسָǰĳħӰɫޱѿ


1943 ħӰ䣬Σ
طȻĺУʱ˲˵ע⣬ߵĿ񽣵˶׷״˹طָķȥ
Ҫһȴɫ˲䣬Ȼ֡
ǱģֻǸħӰ͸ֵӣԾǸղһˣ
һ㣬ָǿٽˣԼλ̫ϳ϶׷ϸһһľǾ֣ҲȻЩ
ɽ£ɱǵˣǵ궼Ź
طŭѣʱҲЩӶľȴȻϳ˺üԼĻ飬ȴһƵĻħӰ˶Ѫµʹ޺ͱɱ֮Ҳһ¥
Īǡ
ʸҧűݣüһˣͻᱻΧЩĻеһ֣
˻ʸ橵Ļҽɫ䲻ѡ
ɳ֮⣬Ҳûһˣ
ʱȺֽ˼ʹĺַּ˵ݣ
⵽ʲôط
ۣǱҪҳ뿪İ취ʱϵԽͻԽΣգЩĻꡭ
ˣ𲻽ЦҡҡͷҲһ̾
˵ʵڵģǸ벻ʲôĺð취ֻƾ֮ǰ־񹥻֮ǿôȥʲôʱǸͷ
Ҿ˵֮ĻħӰĳȴԽԽͣ
ⲻѾвɲǣЩĻħӰϮ룬ת˲Ĺֱһ߾ʬ壬ǵҲͬʱȡΪħӰɻ
ںް취£ҲֻʱϵͬʱʮֵľСȻһȴôޱȱ
֮УҲһЩѧϰ֮ǣ
ȻǴ󲿷ʱ䶼ϰŹХ󣬿󷨷֪ʶȴδϹħӰɻУȻһʱ϶벻ʲôõ֮ҲڲϵŬ໥֣̽ϣܹڶʱն
ȻϣҲȫϣϾǵʵԵһЩ֮Ҳһܹɹ
ʱһһĹȥ
ԽԽ࣬ҲŲ˽ٴɣȻȻҲΧĻħӰõǿҲζŴҵΣԾڲ
ʱٳһЩ˶ΪЩǡһˡ
Ȼ䣬񽣵ɴ˫۾ǿ쿴ʲô
Ŀӵķȥͬһʱ䣬˶ʱٴɫ䣬һɴ˫ۣԵ𺧡
֮һԴһЩĻħӰɢһɹΪģСһЩĻħӰȥȴſѪ죬ϽЩСĻħӰβϱ󣬼ڲʱڣѾ˺ü֡
ңĻħӰɢϢҲԽԽǿѾ˸о˼ѹ
ȻҪһ㣬ȴֹܲôһȥʮ֮࣡
ĻħӰ䣬ȴڳɫΪء

תۼ䣬һ̶ĹЦ
ԿԿЩЦǽʣʮľ޴ĻħӰǲʵչֳϢҲԽͣҪѾʼΧצļϮ
ãҵģ
ǴҲǺԥȫ
ȻĲһĻȴ˿Ŀѡ
ʮĻħӰȻ·ƵģȷֳĸЩ֣ʣµʮȴֱʵǡ
ڴҵȫԼУȻʮĻħӰĹܵһӰ죬ǵ̬ȴǸҴȥ˼ѹȣһЦУȴ͵ſ죬һƶ
ƴҵķܿǽ뵽˺ü˵ڣ⼸˶ʱҺףڲʮʱ䣬ǳʧȥڵ϶Ҳ
ţʮĻħӰȴǼĿ곯ˣǺü˲
ȻǵҲֱӳߣΪЩĻħӰʳ벹Ʒ
Һ֮ϣЩĻħӰĹЦһ𣬷·γ㻷еһħʣ˵ɫһѿ˼㣡
˷Щľ޴ĻħӰڹôԵֿ˵֮ûУ
˵Ĺóȫֻ΢һЩĻħӰɱ˵ٶȰˣ
ۿкüʮ˽ǵҲΪʳǵĿҪγˮԼȻֻؿôһǰ޵ȴɽѪ£
ȻǺޣҲףҪĻԼʵ㣬ӵܹѹһеֺ䵽³
ҪģҪ취Ҫ취飬ȻʱϵԽͻԽԽ˲Ը⿴ġ
ǽϵһҺУüλ̫ϳʵǼʶ㣬а취ʱ
ʱԵĻʸľƵҲ׷ϸţϹԶĪɽҲˡ
쫷ȻͬǴϹʱڴģȴԾû취Բûзκ
ڼ˵ĹעĿУλ̫ϳȴǷ׷׿Цҡͷȫ벻κ֮ЧĽ

һ̾ڵֱޱܣ俴һԼǰʹǱѰǶѪ£ɽµĺҲǰδе뱬
ʱֹȥʮӣڴڼ˲֮ʮĻħӰȴٴ˼֣ɢѹƣҲǿһЩ
ѵҪǣ
ľƱ˫ۣ۽ǲλǵˮŶߵҺǱˡ
ٶȥòһʱ䣬ڳ˰ЩϼһΪһ߾ʬ壬ǵꡭ
˴ٴһ̾оǲɵĺ֮У
ΣǰδеΣ
ԭǧ˵Ķ飬Щһϵеɱ¾뱻ɱ󷨵Ҳǧˣʧ̶ȴﵽ֮࡭
Ȼ⻹û
ڵΣ²ȫɱЩĻħӰͲͣ£
һȫٴôǱ߿ҲֲʲôãҪһ㣬ˣôؽڲ֮󳹵Ѫ֣֮
ɽħطʩչֹʱͻΪһ
붼ÿ£
Կûʲô취
طüִܱҪһЩ
ôԣ
ʸЦǶȫˣ
һûû
طҡҡͷָԼߵĿ񽣡ľʸʸܷܷˡ
Уûô򵥣
ǣһĵûó
һ㣬ǽóôȻȴڶʱֻ൱һˣҲ޷Ϊ˴ιѪռκιף
ǻа취
طĻٿǼᶨݣλȴ۾һȻ˼


1944 ϻħӰĲػ
һʱ֮䣬ܶĿⶼطϡ
ΧĲҽȴɴڣȻԼߵԾڲϲ
λĿעУط˶һۣһᶨͬʱԷص˵ͷ
طǿԣܽΣ˶ʧȥս֮
ģ
ԥĵΣһȫѾ״ʲôҪһԣ
ã
طͷ˶ֵλǰ˾һҵ֣
У
𼸺˼ǰطԣʣµ˾һҲΧʮ͵ĻħӰܹķΧСһЩȻһûиý취ĻȴСΧĹУҪ˴ȥ˺
֣
طĬĬ䴦澳ԾнֹĴң漴ڳʾһºζʱڿն𣬴һɫâܿռ˶֮λ
ͬʱ
񽣴źɫâռϷȸ֮λ
ľźɫâռݱ֮λ
ʸʸܷܷȴǴŰɫâ֮ռ׻֮λ
˽ŹעһУʮĻħӰȴ·Ŀһ㣬˹ˣתǿϮȥݣǿֲƣ﷢
֮Ϸȸ䣬׻֣
ţӡĳһ˲䣬ͬʱȵ
ʱ䣬ڰĵͬɫľ޴ϳԭƵѪɫǿƱܿȡ֮ȴֲͬԵӿ
漴һĺӣѹ֮ʣ𾪵ķ֣ط˾ȫʧԭڵλϣȡ֮ȴȸ׻ĵ޴ӰͬʵһɢѹһеĿֲƣ
𡭡
Ȼ䣬һ͵سλõķȥ
ţϷȸһչ˫ᣬ·ֲĻ棬ͬλ÷ȥ
漴׻ҲһĶ
֮ƣ
λγһԲȦڰֲͬɫâ໥ƣȻγһ޴ɫԲķӿУɫԲٱ󣬼ֻգۼ䣬ǽʮĻħӰϿȫռݣҳͷѸֶȥ
𡭡
ƺΣգʮĻħӰ׷׷ĺſһѪڣܹԸоЩһеľ⡣
ƣƣƣ
Ȼ䣬Ǽŭ˶ϻ졣
漴ɫԲȻĻħӰǵϣ·ӡеһУֻԭزŭ޷ɫԲǿ
ŴŴš
ţɫԲϹâʢ˲ͬϽƵķŹ̵ðʮĻħӰľ޴οʼСͬʱʮܹĻħӰϾһ˻һģʱ֣ʱȥԵǰɲ
ȥ·ĻħӰ壬ȫЩɵһ˿Ŀɿڴ¾ʶλ̫ϳϣҲŴͣĪ
УһҲ¶˷ɵЦݣ
ʱУܿʮҹȥʮĻħӰʧǰеһҲֻΧһ䣬ұףѾӸղδ֪
Ȼϳ˽ٺЦ֮⣬ȴҲ޾ıˡ
ЩĻħӰв֮˵Ѿ֮࣡
˵ʧΪصһΣҵڴҰȫˣȻֻʱİȫ
ء
Ȼ䣬ľɫ䣬æΧȥ
ûطˣҾ˰ȫ
ǡ
ӰӸ߿ջƮ䣬¸˲ǲ԰ֽɫҲҿ
ৡ
𣬶ľʸæȥСķ档
ôĵʵ
ʱˣȫ֣֮ͨ˶Щ硣
ǵǺս֮ô򵥣һãʵܵӰ죬˶ױɷˣ
ȿȡû£
Ȳѣҡͷ
ˣȱ˵ˣúõϢϢǲùˣ
˵Ҳ׷׵ͷú˽ǲţԸιһЩҩǲ԰϶ֺΣȼλһЩ
ȻڴʱԭƽĻٴβƹռ֮УһѪɫӰ֣
Ǳˣ֮ǰֹѪ֮ɽ£
û뵽ǾȻԲµħӰɻƵȻ򵥰е㱾£
ɽµԾĵһɭǿ佱ʵȴǳ
֮ǰһУɽµĹ۲֮У
֮ǿȷϣֱ˿̣Ҳ׵Ѫƶ֮Ǳ˭ȡ
Ȼ½׵ʵҲطӵ֮ˣԳ־裬ȴǳΪӸղŵطûκ
ɽ£
ҧгݣ졣
ô
˵ŭɽȴЦʼ磬ⲻֻǸտʼѣǻϲģұ֤һȫ֮أתͶ̥ĻᶼûУ
ƣԽ̼˴ͷŭ棬˸һɽȴȫӰ죬ԵǱżܿ죬ұ֤ͻֵˣ
Ц֮ɽµ֮ԭʧԭҵĿռ֮ٴƽȴɫѣɱʮ㣡
𣿡
תȴָǰǰ϶иΣڵǣͺ֮ǰһ᲻Ҳֻһ䣬𣿡
£
ӦϹԶĪɽ쫷֮ˣҲ˻ش
ԣ£Ǿ仰ѪĲػ
ȭһӣɽ¾ǿҲһôˣһһĭͶ

һ˷׷״ЦԭصգҲõһĻ⡣
ߣǼ
һ֣ľƺͻʸλһͬڶǰ棬˽ǰȥ
λıӰλ̫ϳڣ׷¶˷ĵľ⣡
İʱ䣬һ·ʮְȫκһΣճ֣һ˵ҲԽ룬յλԽԽ˿ûһ֮⣡
˵һƽܻдڵѹ֮ԽԽǿҲ˸Ӿ
ʱǱأ
кæȴȻղŵһ˾޴ΣУǰܲʱ򣬸һЩ֮У


1945 ħĸ죡
裬ټϺŮԵȴǼ󷨣û˵Իħĸ
ħĸǹ졭
ܵĻͬһɭ䣬ֵȴǾŸȥԼĪʮСĺͯ
׼ȷ˵ӦǾŸӵ塣
ٶȿ쵽˼£˲Ƶģܹܿռ䣬ûж֮ǰû취ǰ֪׼ȷλá
ÿζ֣һֱİļУֱӰ쵽Ǽ˵
˵ˣŸͯʹǼв
ŸͯÿһεĹԵüΪĬͺͬһһ
ৡ
ϻ裬һâɲٶΣʼ޷ǾŸͯκε˺ۿҪУȴÿÿᱻǶȥȡ֮ȴǼͯＫΪ̶ĹŹЦ
֪ˣ
۾һ֪ôˣ
৵һ£ĻǵĿʱϡ
ҲŤ󣬿˵ħĸʵҪĲǣڰеħĸҪƵǾͱҪħĸҳɱȻܹɱŸͯȴҲ޷뿪ҡ
ˣ費˶٣ɫŹֵļǲĻħĸɱȻŸͯǲ֮ɱҲɱģ
ʲôôܣ
Щ𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
˶ˣҲĲ濴أ
Ȼĵͷ˵Ĳְ֣鷳أ
ֹ鷳
ֱ鷳
ЦҡҡͷǧýǾŸԼߵĺͯ˿ȥ漴ʵȻ֪ħĸЩǿʲôƳ֮룬ҲҪȥǸħĸҳɣ

Ļεҡͷ
Ҳ밡ʵ벻ʲôõİ취
Ǿħĸ⣬תİܲȴЦѡ
Ϊ֪Ϸħĸ󣬾ܹƵΣ
Ϊм˿̵İܲɲѣƺ飬£Ѿ֮ƵģΨһЩȷľˣ
Ͼݲһ㣬޿ռʥѩɽڰܹ֪ܲѶãϾܲڻû޿ռ䳹׷ĵز
һһ㣬УôȡҲͬᱻߣʱ޿ռضٴλصܲƿ֮У
ɣʵڲеĻҾֻʹˣ
˵Ȼ֪˵ĵʲôһȴҲ˼ģʼԸְ취˵ûħĸ֮ǰǲɱŸħӵģܽˣ޷ʩչȫҲһ£
һʱڼ˵ȴͬجһ㣡
ѰҲʲôƽİ취ҲħĸڵľλãߣеĹȴŸħȫܣ͸ûκãԼ϶˼ѪڣΪҡ
ԼŮӣ¶һĨԥձһҧȴ˾
Ⱥˣ
һ
ã
ҲŤ󣬵ͷ˿һЩͬʱǵĹȻ޷ŸħӴȥ˺ԾɻǽǵעȫסǸһʩչռ䡣
ְ֣쿴Ҫп
˵۾գѽգģѡ
С
ĻӦǾŸħӵĹ֮⣬ȴǽע϶ϡ
ŮҲˣȻĺ棬ѾָǰǣȴżȻڴ
ڣһ׹ҫƬƵģȻһķֻһգ۵Ĺαʧȡ֮ȴһͷɫķˡ
ģİɫβ׹Ѥá
Ҫģʮ׳ľ޴ɫˣ޳ĲýˣͷƮݵëԼÿȶ˫һӿȴǸֶĿ֮С
Ư̾ѡ
ͷȻû˵ȴĵ׾չֵ쾡¡
⣬ı壬Ϲ޾βƷ
ķ쳹׹У·ҪħĸֱӴƵģĲĸо
һ̣ǾβȴڷĻصУۿɼٶȼٱ䳤·ʶһ㣬ܵӰ죬ȴ죬̬֮ľŸħӶȥ
ǾŸħƺҲоΣȻŵӰʼ˸໥Ĭţ˷ĳǾβչƺҪβ˺Ƭһ㡣

һţޱȵȻ
漴ԾβƷΪģܶʱ㱻׹֣Щ׹ֵķΧУǾŸħڸ涼ܵ˼ƣԭڿռҲͬĳճ󣬶һӶʮּѡ
Щһɫ˿һСӸе֣ͯȴҲ޷Щ׹ľ£βȫͬһʱ䣬ǾŸħ˺ѷεĽǰ͸ϸɢ̡
ȻľβܹŸħӼʹ˺
˻ȴӲ
̶̲һӵʱ䣬ŸħӵαС˽ķ֮һòӣŸħӱ᳹ɢ
һĻ¶ЦݣĲ١
ְ֡
Ȼȴס첲ҧź촽ָ̻Ǻܴģ
Ŷ
üëһԼŮЩɻ֪Ե׺⡣
˵ħĸĲǾŸһħĸ
˵һ϶ҪְֵģǧŶ
Ůģְ֪
ͷҲûоʹȴ˼
ڿռУȻһ񺿵𣬷·һԹŮڿߣֳԹģһֵɲǣһּ
ħĸҪˣ
ۣæȶ˸󺮹⣬Ͳס𣿡
䣬ȻǧýУȻʱֵ׼
һɲǣǾβȻ϶Ȼ׹ٴδʢ˲ǽǾŸѾС˽ķ֮ħȫǻһ̳ɢ
ţβת۱ֳΨһһܴСǳȶڴ˿˺ܴȵҪһķУβƷҲǲϼš
һԣħĸ󼸺˺ԵĽУһɭŮ׻ֻ֣ú亹ֱðռҲ֮
ɣħĸˣ
ȻһɲǼ䣬˽עǱߣβƷ׼ͬʱһȻ裬𣿻


1946 ħвؾۣ
ĳ֣һɫĹâռӻֶ
һʮŮӣ
Χɫâ֣ŮƵģһ˲ֱӵƣ
ǱˣǻƣΪ¹Ļƣ
ƣ
βƷϰ׹һЩգۼ±裬˻ߣôˣ㲻Ӧڱչ𣿡
Ҫǲ㲻ҪϵǧΪ
ûĳ跭һۣôһСֵǧΪ
ǧΪ
˻첻ɫһ䡣
¹㡭
˿̣ȥߣǵС֣Ц¹㣬þòŶأ
ָˣ
ӣҲ־ϲǰ¶Цݣ
Īǻ֪ݣ
ҲЩɻ󣬵漴ԳЦЦôʲôأ
ơ
ŮҲȥˣΪЦӯӯĴк
ӣĸҲˣ
ƶ΢Цĵͷȫǿ֮ɫ
һȥģҲûʲôıʾֻǺͻͷʾѡ
ûлظǰǰͻֻǽΪϤѰˣ
죿
ȴЦһ£㻹찡
ظһ仰ȴЩ⣬üƣǲ֪Щʲôܲܶ˵һЩ
ܣ
ƺԥҡͷҲǿЦεӣֵѾͷԼָһ£ѵ㲻֪رĺܴ𣿸ղ㻹ʲôҪԼǧΪ棿
˵㹻˰
ƵìͷָԼʱһɣ˫ֲıˣ˵ü򵥣Ҫľħĸôƣŵ㿴ħĸˣ
㰡ҪǾŷԲôģˣǾβƷһɲһϹޣҡҡͷ˵
£
ƵĻһƻȻЩ׼˵ʲô֮ʱȴǰڰ֣ˣҵİɣǱҶ
£˵ʲôС󣬱̧ŲȻֳħĸ˹ȥ
ÿһ̤֮һ㣬ԽԽߣʮȽ
ħĸƽĸ߶֮ʱͣɭѣ֣ΧɫħĸиֳһĨ̡
ϾħĸУܾŸħӻĵħĸǱǿɣĹУҪϵɱˣձɱ֮˵Թۻɡ
˵ԭЩ˶ǼΪģȴΪ˶ħĴ
ˣôҲûãñС·ɣϣ±ܹͶ̥ҲҪˣ
ҡҡͷ̧ɲǣбʱһ߲ʻð˳Ծ鶯С衭
쵹ûʲôоħĸڼһ߲ʻʱȴǼ˻Ӵ̶·оʲôƵģǻµĺ̶Խҡ
ô£
첻ѣĪǣػ滹ʲôģ
ְ֣¹ɲһĻŶ
ϲ˵ΪͣҲ꣡ǸħĸʵҲɣԲŻԵôأ֪¹֮ǰͲôأ
͡
ʣڴ˿ǼϤİ
Կ϶ǰ϶ʮϤֻǽǵһ˵ѡ
ߣǵ𣿵ʲô
ȴͬСŮƵǣɻˣ˫ȴԾɳĽ
ڵͣʵ֪࣬Ψһ֪һ㣬ĸ׾ŷأ˵ϹʱһѶ
ֱֳ֣ԡˡΪͣԼͣ
ͣǱƿأ׼ȷ˵ǱƵģ
͸Ǹˣȴ˼֮õȻκŮ֮飬еֻһĳݣ
һУ첢֪飡
עȫǰ档
ȥɣ
ֻûһ̧֣ǵͱ㻺ƮɶٶȺŵ߲ʹâħĸڵλ÷ȥ
ô
쿴ֱ
ǵͷеٶȣ¾һûСӶܹ׶㿪
Ļô򵥣
ƲƲ죬ȴδͣԼȥ
һ㵵ķ֣ǵ͵ıƽħĸɫκΧɫԽӿ֮⣬ȻܵĳԭضҲδ
˵㣬ûȥ㡣
⵽ô£
쾪첻ѣ˿̣ǵȴѾħĸϿգ˲Ϣ߲֮ʹâħĸȫȫ֣ɫ·ƵĽɢűħĸ˺ѷεĲҽϳ֣Ϊӣûһ㷴֮
ܿ죬̵ɢħĸ̬ȴ𽥵ƽȣ˸оһŵƽͣ
⡭
쿴ĸĿˡ
״Цְ֣Ͳɱܹ꣬ϴӣҲ¹ڱԣܹͶ̥Ŷ¹㣬ھôģ
ô桭
쾪֣̾п
ԼȥңħĸΧĺɫȫʧԼҲ»ָƽڵ߲ʹâУħĸмĳƹ£пͷλɢֱ
ͬһʱ䣬ħĸҲױƣǼ
ȻԾɴѪɫƵĻУڸղŵľħĸ󷨿ռ䣬ȴһظ֮У
Ů̳֣ƾǣ¸ɣܹƵǾħĸҲ˶ˣɣ
ܲأ
컷ΧȴܲΣɵʵ
϶ˣħĸƣ˵ҲһˣңڵͳֺѾʧȥ˿תôܻߣ˵
ְ֣Ҳ߰ɣҪȥʹһأߴٵ
ԣǵøϽߣ
ͷʱȴԵɣȥҺ軹Ҫ죬һٹȥǣ
ã
ȻҲûжʣŮҪȥʲô뿪󣬱ͺŮһͬǰյķٶȥ
һ·ϣҲûκѪ֮˵
ܿ죬ǱλõһɽվҲǴԼõĵص㣡
ûǵȶãҲֻǰչǧ˵Ĵ˹ɣ֣һʳɻ󣬶ҲǼ򵥵һ¾ħӰɻ˱ɱΣǺ޵ҧҧ޲ھȥܲɽʦͽ
Σؾˣɽյ˵Ѫռڣ
ţĴսؽڲ֮󳹵չ
ʱͻˣ


1947 Ѫ¹ǰɱ¾
Ѫ¹ѪµӪڣ
Ѫ¹Ҳ˶
طʹϻƵħӰɻɽ±ֱӻصΪģֻҪ콫ħطһɣȻʩչطѪռһ硣
һߣŮǿƵħĸ֮󣬰ܲҲǲκͣ»صѪ¹Ҫ׼Ѫ¹һ˵һĶԾ
н׵ʵͽɽҲʾ磬ǰôķܲȴҲ˿Ĵ⣡Ȼ֪ݣȴں˽һЩڷ̣ͻƵ֪٣ȴҲðܲǰѪ֮Ϊ֮ˡ
ƣ
Ҳû뵽ƾȻˣƺԤıƵģ
Ȼ˺֮⻹зƹҲǰܲû뵽ģ
ѾһԼѾû·
ܹˣռΪУͬʱ֣Ѫ֮ضܹʱͻʣﵽϵ𾳽磡
ʱʲôƣʲôƹܹΣ
ڴʱܲɱѾƴһսľ׼
Ѫ¹С
ܲλϣ·վʮˣÿһʵ
ڴ֮վˣȴÿһʥϣ
Щǰܲ£ҲѪʣµľˡ
ˣѾΪڻұܲɽɳɱҲΪʲô֮ǰǻһһѪ֮˹ԭˣ
Ψһģɽ£
û취
ʩչħطģֻɽεѪ֮
ҲֻѪ֮ܽѪռ֮ħطʩչɹ
ܲԲУ
ĻϷҲͲٶ˵ˣ
λϣܲˣڣѾѪͷǵ׼ħطһһɹʱ򶼽ΪǴҵĵ̣Ѫ£ҲΪİ
ڳÿһǹʱǳ۳ңеκκˣǴҵū
ڣϷǸһս𣿡
󣬵ȴ·̺һħǵں͵˶·𳹵׿һ㣬һĺţһ˫˫Ѫɫ˫˸ױȵս񡭡
ãȻˣǾѪ¹Уһս
ܲ͵վѪ죬ʹЩ˽Խ

һߣ»֮Ϣֱӽɽ־˽һһҹǰڵڶʱ֣ɹִ˴˴ɽҲѪ¹Ĵڣ
Ŵ󿪣Ҿûܵκӵĳɹ롣
ԽСģ쵱ʲõǰ棬ȻĽʱȴûκһѪ֮ˣ˶üͷɵøоһıĲơ
Сӡ
ϹԶߵߣҪ˵ʲô֮ʣȴǰڰ֣ʲôҲܲˣҪѪ£ɽ£ħطʩչɹȻ޷ת

ϹԶĵһۣԼ⻹û˵ʲôأСӾ͸ˣòϣҲ˵ĿϣϹԶҲûٶʲô
ˣǣҲ뷢Լţʱ˿ĻһҲͲٶԣ
һ·ϳϵİȫһΣգҼΪ˳Ѫ¹һ㳡Ե
㳡ķΧ󣬿Կʮˡ
ǧ˵Ķ飬վ㳡ϣûʲôӵС
㳡ľͷȻһſڵϷϣдšѪµ֣էһȴǲѹ֮С
СһЩ
컷ӹ㳡Χһ󣬱㵱̤롣
ҲȻǴʮֵľ񣬽󣬻㳡֮С
һ˽ɲǣ㳡ȻΧѪɫҲһ˲伱ӿγһѪɫ籩ӹ㳡˷ڵλϯ
˲ö˵ǰ֮ǰγɵĬʮʮ˾һʩչǸԵĹƣЩƽѪɫ籩ȥ飬ǻƮɢ
ˣ
֪˭һѪɫ籩ɢ֮һѪɫӰֶǹ㳡ϻУγһ޴İΧȦǽǧ˵ĶΧ
ȻЩѪ֮˵࣬һҲֻ˶ѣ
ɫʱʵ͵Ķʥأлʮ򡭡
⡭
һòѪµ𣿡
ˣǧ࣬Ĳֱر𣬿ɴʵ¼ڣʥ֮ˣǶԷĶ֣
Ӧòֹ
ۣҡͷһ·ûˣ϶ܲɽѪ¹һʤӦֻһֶѣ
ǡ
죬Ѿ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԵҲˣ
ôʲôأ
ҪģֱӶְɣ

⻰ȴЦһĶͷЦѾͷ˵Ĳڲ룿Ǿɱɣ
ɱ
˷׷׵ͷ˶ʼŸԵ˷ĵֱӳȥûһ
ɱˣɱѪ֮ˣҶȻκδȱͷ
Ⱥսһ˲䳹չ㳡ʱҲѣڸһֵͬʱԽŨѪϢ˵ع㳡Ⱦĸء
֮еǿߡ
λ̫ϳϣطˣټϹԶĪɽԼԼܹʮֱ֣Ѫ֮е򣬸ʩչ޷Ѫ֮˽оԮ
ΨںŮıվԭزδκζʱ˿̣һ˫ȴɢżΪɭȻĹâƿԶһƵģ˫ͫиŵĹ⻪ƣѪ֮ˣʵǿֻҪ˫۶ϣմ״̬Χ֮ɱֶûС
⣬Ҳλ˫ͫ£
һ˫λ˫ͫ޹˼ɵȫʩչΪѪ֮˵Ŀǣ
¾ûԳ֣˷ȴҲвɻȱĴڣ
һߣĶһ֮ˣ
ǽĹУȫûκλ֮ƾѪɫܹʱһЩѹ״̬УҲԳƣɣ
Ȼڽ֮У˱Ƶնȥͷ­Ϊһʬ塣

ʱϹԶĪɽҲǸԵ֣սԡ
ֻϹԶԵСӣǲôҪҵܲɽ£ǰɣ
ԣȻĵͷԣҲͷӣĪүүȥ𣿡
Ҳȥ
ʱź˹Ϊᶨ


1948 һƷ֮
ʵû취
С󣬶ˡ
˵ˣͺǼŮʵҲܹæҲûоܾϾڵѾСʱһˡ
Ժܿ죬λԼλ̫ϳ˵һطעⱣλ󣬱ǴŮټϹԶĪɽˣֱӿٵսţǰѪµȥ
ѪµУڴ֮⣬׽Ǵ֪ͨηȣȥѰûʲô̫𣬻΢һЩˡ
ȷ쳣ǰ˱ѡߵȣԥĲС
ѣһٻŵĻ԰һЩᣬһ·谭ûһΣա
ڵһҪҵɽ£ħطʩչɹ
ϹԶΧҧ
ǣѪ¹֮Ҫβҵõ
üԵĪɽҲǲЦһ¡
ȷǸ⣡
ְ֣ѩơ
ĳʾ⡣
ã
Ȼĵͷһ䣬ұϱǰ׹ɢѩƻﹷģֱӳ컳С
û˵ʲô۾ŹĽ䱧˹ȥֱЦŪѩưֱȴ˿Ķ
һĻźгá
ŮվԣѩƵУȴǶ˼ֵ𾴡
ǿɲ˵ѩƵݱǶҪ߳أ
ϹԶĪɽһۣ쫷ҶȫеǣѾ֪ѩƵʵݣ뺮ŮһԵľ⡣
ѩƣȥɽ£
ѩһǵڵ
ء
ѩƲû̶ԻĿ졣
𿴰ְ֣
СһལҲǰְͬ˵ģȥȻҰβϵëëȫε

⻰ʱЦãҲͷߡ
ѩƵݣܹв˾Բ࣬ȴΪԵһ
Ļּͷѩƶʱһ׹ʢͬʱʱֻʮ뱾ȫһģһķλΪģ˷Ӷȥʮɫ磬ٶȿ쵽˼¡
ߺߣ⻹࣡
ЦˣȴѩӣŪѩʲѣȴӲ˫ħơ
ͷӣĪүүǾŰɣѩƳ֣һʲôģεʼ磬˵
ã
λûĵͷӦ£ȻվԭصǲûһɣϾѪ¹˭Ҳұ֤׻᲻ʲôͻȻΣգ
ˣְ֡
һѩƣȻʲôƵģʵ軹жòܸһܵѽ
԰Сӣ
ϹԶҲ֮ƶҪòò⼸ɣ
ʱ䣬Ӧò໹£
ЦżΪ˸ĲЦݡ
˵ȻҲŮϾǰģҲֻǸɶŮˣȻһֱǵŮԼ񼴽ĺӣǶڴ
ǶŮҪ
Ҫ
£ˣ
ϹԶͷСӶҪˣɷСӺջһ㶯ûУ
ҪʦˣϹԶȻҲܼ֮ȴǶ˼ֶϹٷ뻨С޵ıԹ
ͷӣͲԺСЦ
ܿģ
ϹԶûĵһۣ׼Ҫ˵ʲôʱſеѩȴͻȻ
ţ׹ٵ»صڣѩָķ򲻶У
¾ûкκ⾫ϵϹԶĪɽ飬ڵһʱѩƵ˼ɽºʵľѩָķ
ߣ
쳯ʾѯһ¡
ߣ
һϹԶĪɽͬʱͷһͬǳѩָķȥ
ΪѩƼ·Ҳδ
Ϊ˱ʲôⷢ˸ǹΣȻһܹӵùܲļӣܹһʱ䣬ҲǷǳˡ
ΪѩƵĴڣѪµ֪Ǵ˷ǰиΪ˳ŹȥʮӣѪ¹ĺ棬һǸ̨ǰ

Χҵɫޱѿ
˿̣ͷѾһɢĹâȫ֣ѪɫĻ·üΪճҲܵһĶֹ
ǰĸ̨ϣɽ¶һڰ֮УΧȻžſѪɫħǲƣ·ͷϿյľһ໥ӳƵģɢһͬĺơ
⡭
ۣ˸
ְ֣ˣ
һֱѩƣһĸ첲ЦħطһѾˣҪֹҲˣ
ȻΣѾ²⣬˷ĻǵıҲǸΪɫ

ʱɽǲЦȻΧľſѪɫħǳǸֹ֮ʣת˲ѾǵľǷֱںһ𣬶ǿƣɢ޾Ѫɫâٵһħ໥ںϣ˲ħ¹Եõ˴ȵʼ˷Ӷȥ
Ҳһ˲䣬Ըоһ£֮ж
ɽ£ŭȳǧý졣
ְ֣ûõģʲô
ҡҡͷЦɽ¿˵ѾħͨʮչȥΪħµļƷʱħطĴɣǸʱͽΪ򣬳Ѫ֮⣬κ˶ܵƣ˶ʬҰ
ȵȣ
ϹԶĵѾͷղ˵ҪʮղȫɹҲ˵ǲûл᣿
ôԣĪɽ鶼۾һȲĳȥ
ǵģˣڵɽ£ǾһѾΪһ壬˵ˣ㡭
ˣһЦ
˵СѾͷΨһһνЦʱ
ѵûа취ֹˣ
ۣЩȻ
취еģɡ
ܵͣȴʮϸ
Ʒ֮ߣôǲҲҪȥԣʹ˷ǵԸ
˵ɣʲôƷ֮ߣʵ

ҧҧԭŪѩ˳ëҲͣ
˺һ̧ͷְ֣ʦүүҵȷи취ʵ֣
ҵĹŮͱˣʲô취Ϳ˵ɣҪְҰЦŴߴٵ
취ǣʮ֮ǰѪռǿŲƵһܱտռ֮УħطʧȥĿ꣬ͬʱ֮Ĺܹɹ
˵
ôԵǣȴһ˲ɫͬʱ


1949 ޵ɽ£ʧأ
ˣ°ѩڣ׷ޱȳĬһһӵѿ

˺һſЦ취ǵû˵
һǿŲѪռ䣬˭ʵ
ڶУҪҳһռ䣬ôܣ
㣬ȫڸŪһ޽ľ޴ϣײͷҲ޷ײһ
ҡ
򴽣ҪʲôʱĪɽȴǺۣ֮⣬ڽɽֱ᲻ֹħطĳɹ
԰ɱˣ
ĪɽĻϹԶҲǲ۾һ
ɵǿԣ
ͷ漴ֵǲܵģɽڼ˵Ǵ޵״̬
޵Уʲô޵𣿡
ȴ΢΢һߡ
ӿȥ
ϹԶɷ˵γ𣬹ֲֿƷǣ̨֮ϵ˲䣬Ȼȫʵչ˳
ţһ޴ĵâֶϹԶĴУȻɽλֱȥ
ɽڿУΧѪƣɶҲδ·ϹԶĴ˾ٺ޲һ㡣
ϣ
Ȼ䣬һֲĽ֮𣬽ҵ׷׳ܻĿռѷ졭
৵һ£ܵϹԶηأҲûܵκ˺
ϹԶɫȴ˲סˣŸ̨ϿǺҲûһ£ƺ޲ɽ£𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲôã
Ϲ٣һϣ
ʱĪɽվ˳ϹԶ˵
ã
ϹԶ۵ͷӦһûѾٴֱգ۾Ȼһһҵɽ࣬Ʒǡ
Ȼ͸ղƵһĻȴǳˡ
ǿƵĳ£ֹûиɽ´ȥκ˺ԼڸܵһҸҪǣֳ֮ȻǸղԼĹ
ô
˰ѣɫΪѿ
ڵӦǣóĹᱻֱӷɽ˸κӰ죡Īɽ˵
ˡ
ϹԶ֮ĹһӦǹԽǿԽ࣡
޵С
һЦ³̨֣ɽµĿ⣬ȴЩԾԾԡ
˵⸽ȫ᲻ħطӰ죿ʵ
԰ѾͷӦһķտռɣĻϹԶĪɽʱ۾һ
㣬Ҳһ֣޷ģ
ǻصǶʱΡ
٣ʵüģ
ʱǰС˵˻ʮʱ䣬һ뵽ʵİ취ңֻҪܹѪ³Ѫ֮һʱֻҪûѪ֮˵Ĵڣ취Ӵħ֮Ҳδɣ
òϣԿҲû취еİ취ˣ
ңѪµĹ㳡ϣڽ֮ս϶Ѿ٣ռ˲ٵƣѪ֮ʵ͵ĶʥأԴҲһ޴Σ
в±Ĳ³
ˣȻȥɣסпܵĻҵҪԣۣ
Ȼʲô飬ܿǳʱĵ·ȥʱȻʧȴ˭Ҳûע⵽Ӱ뿪֮Ƿ·ħطеɽ£ǲмĿɨһǵıӰ

ء
䡭
ǰ»صѪµʱ򣬱㳡ϸּս֮ڶյ浽Ǽսеǣǹ㳡ϸһ߾߲ȱȫʬɢţѪƺѾ㳡󲿷ֵطˣһ΢ݡ
ʱ𣬶ľԼʸˣֵֿѪһһ֮˵Ĺơ
˾ʥ۷壬һؿֻһ࣬ȴԾȫ·磬к˼һЩĻʸȻ˺üѪڣɫҲ˼԰ס
Сӣȥæ
ϹԶ״ȴǳһ󣬱ֱ
գۼλǰȭͷϴ޾Ŀ磬ǳѪ֮˺ݺݶײһ
ءһ˱ֱӺɳȥѪһĻ׹أºȴҲվϢڲϵؼ
˵һʵӦôһ֮±㱻ϹԶɱ
һû뵽ϹԶȻ֣ҪȴˣһԳ˼ƣټΪɽµ飬ϹԶмΪŭ˺ŭֵ£ϹԶıǸһ֮˵Ҳ㲻ʲôˣ
Ϲ٣лˣ
λʱϹԶ
ãСģ
ϹԶڰ֣漴кâһܿٴμսţöѪ֮˵ɱ¾йͷŭ档
ĪɽЦЦҲǺϹԶһ˲ûǽ϶Ѫ֮սС
죬λ֮Уܿ콫ղһϸҲɫ˲䣬˵õİ취
ְ֣Ҳȥæ
˵һǴźŮĺһսţȴѰһЩҪԼˣٴҵʧȻҲǽģ
˰æԼߵ϶ٺܶࡣ
ףˣʧҲ٣
ֻרĵĶԸЩˣ
ˣ֮ǰ϶ֻһѪ֮ˣôںδ᲻ỹʲôı

⻰ʱĬɫЩأԱߵĶľƺͻʸҲˡ
ȷڲܶ룡ȰЩ˸˵
ҡҡͷ
Ҳԣλͷ
ˣλȥЩʥ˰ɣȱˣ
˵һ󣬲λش𣬱̳Ѷסһ֮Ϯȥһ޴Ľâض߶˲ըѿȫûκεֿ֮ĺȻը
Ѫ쮷ɣ˲䱻ը÷飬һĹͷû¡
ţ֣ͣڶĿϮȥ
һĻλһۣǿЦѡ
ףԼֻһŽ򣬵֮֮ˣźܴĲ࣡
ô˵ҲǿֻǹģĵĹģ
ˣҲְɣ
һЦȱ׼һʥصѪ֮˹ȥ
ã
ľʸҲٴչµһּս
ʱ佥ȥת۱ǲʱҡ
㳡ϵʬ弸ûһģԭƽĵ涼ÿӿݣвٸѪֱҲѣ
Լߣǵĳ֣Ҳﵽٸ֮࣬ʧĲνأ


1950 ѩƺСߴУХ
ӣ
ڼս֮ʱȻһżȻٴ
ɫһ䣬æԴķȥúǿ񽣵ģ
ôһȴǰһ
ط磬ȻһʥصѪ֮˴Ѫˣп񽣺Ͷľ˼ʱ֣ط綼﷭ˡ
ӡ
״ȴǹ˲üɱΧ֮ˣӼطԡ
ô£ӣ
ץסط֣æüԪΪˣͬʱɫ˲ķ֣طڵԪѾٲһ֮Ѱʥ֮˶в硣
ˣȱ˵ˣ
ûط˵ʲôʱֵȺúõĻָˣ񽣣磬ôҲ
ֻǿ񽣺ͶľԶĻʸʸܷܷã˿Ҳ˼⣬ŮսһʥصѪ֮ˣȫѹŴԵüΪǱ
⵽ô£
üͷæ˶ߣͬʱǿƳ֣ҿߵѪ֮ˣԱǿɱȻиղǸɱطʥأ
һĻ˽ʶγһΧȦ˱롣ҲǸһʱȫĻ
񽣣˵˵ô£
һ߸طˣһ߳˵
үǡǰ֮ǰϻƵһ󷨣񡭡ǽħӰɻţͷص
ϻֲǶ
ۣˣڲɼ֣ܵ˺úϢıˣ
үⲻаҪǰǲ֣ôզ죿ʱҡͷ
ҵģ
۾һɣʱӣҲҶԡ
طˣˣȴҲٶԣҪһ㣬ҲףԼҪȥƴȥսĺΣգղǰ㣬ʥضɱط硭
һ񲻸Ϊ׸
֮İæټϵҩĲ䣬㲻ڶʱȫָָܹܿǰһʵҲԶ˵ؼǾָðȻļս
Ǻһ
˼һ£ֵ
ǣ٣
ǰսУӦһӰٶһ·ϻȻ֣ҵǰѪ֮ȫɱ
ְ֣ôˣͷôˣżĵ
ڲ˵Щʱ򣡡
ڰְֽ֣һλҰ㽣ˣȥ֣ô
ޣãְ֪֣
ٵĵԴʱȴƲƲ죬ΪΡ
ְ֣Ҳ𣿡
򴽣ʵ
˵أ
ǺһЦʱҧͷԵüΪɡ
ǰְһСŶޣ˰ְ֣СߴղأҪĵѣ漴Ȼ˵
Сߴˣ
΢΢һܿȴǾϲˣСߴɣ
ĻҲûԣǽСߴ˳
Сһһ֣¶ѩľı壬֮ʱ˲٣ɢƣȴҲüսеĲ˷׷ײĿ
Сߴȥɣ
õͬ⣬СһӣСߴ̳ǰǻսȥһֱֱѪһһѪ֮ҧأСһۡ˼ڣζܹƵ
һĻǿ΢΢һЦ
ţҲûжԥ䣬ѩҲ֮ٴ
СߴͬǣѩƳ֮ſȱߣǸﹷģէһûһơ
Ȼڳ֮˶ʶѩƵģ˭ҲС
СһϢĲ˰ɣ
ָѩƵͷЦȥæɣԸЩѪ֮ˣʵģ㲻ʧģǰɣ
𡭡
ѩɨһǰѪ֮ˣмһ
ˣˣȥɣסСһЩ
ڰ֣ѩƺСߴĳ֣Ҳ΢רһЩİطˡ
ϾڶԸѪ֮˷棬Сһרң첻òϣԼȷҪǿ١
ˣǻָ
ʾطϥãվʼתľǣͺǣȴǲ˵ɢһЩһػá
һ׹ļӿ֣ѩμٱתۼѾָϹѩʨı壬ֱٸѪ֮ˣСߴܿγ˸ǿĹƣЩѪ֮ٴУикü˲ĹֱӲûʲô̫ķ֮
𡭡
ߴߴߴ
ɲǼ䣬ѩƺСߴĺ캳ذĴЩѪ֮˼壡
ԭ·ļ֮ˣ¸ѸץסʱԼĵ˴ȥشͷ˲ˡ
ȺУϹԶĪɽǳô˻ǿƳ֣һɱѪ֮ˣһȴעⱣ𡢻ʸľλ
֮⣬λ̫ϳˣ
ʵǿסѪǼʣ֮˵ͬʱȴҲչʥѪ֮˽нɱΪҪԵʣ˷Ǹûһ֮⣬һ߾ʬ³֣Ҳ㳡ϸ˼ŨѪϢ
ԽԽļˣѩƺСߴĴ̼£˰ٷ֮һٶʵԭ·ǣڴ˿̾ǽ淭ת˲١
Ȼ⻹û꣡
ƺԼɱѪ֮˵ٶˣѩƺȻһʱһһ޴ֶôһɲǵĹ򣬱ſֲ֮ӶЩʣµѪ֮˴ȥӰѹơ
һһצƽ
Сһ
ط˻ָ죬ҲһЦȴκεĹ֮⡣
צƽһ֣ѩƵһУ˹ȥרѪ֣֮֮Ŀֲӣһ˲ʥУֱӲ׹ء
ѩҲûͣ£ٻһһ֮󣬱֮ǰһǿƳ֣
˷·ȫΪǵսټ֮˸˵õʱϢᣡ
ȻҲδȴϢ֮󣬱ٴһ֣˶ǿϮɱǽȶ˲١
治֪ǴĶģѩƣСߴֵצƽֱ
첻ѣȻֹһμѩǳ֣ÿζܹ𺳣
ǰɲ⣡
ľҲǸпĵͷʱڻɣǲĳλϹŴתӵ˿ɱȵĳˣ
Σʼǵˣ
ʸ֮ϸ磬ľϸ磬ǿɲ󰡣ɣ
ã
λҲܵ˼Ĺ裬ٴչƣһûȥãȴ·ĳľУǡѩƺСߴУХ𺳻У·һƼɵá


1951 ͬʱͻƣ׽ɱ
ѩƣСߴצƽĳ֣רĵİط˻ָһҲû̫⣡
Ͼ֮ǰϹԶĪɽԼλ̫ϳϣټҲõѪʮ֮Ūʲô۶ӣҲܵ˹ʹ̼ⷽ˵Ǵá
ְְ֣֡
֮ʣȴǺȻ
һĴֱӳĵף첻һãҲڻ˶ʲôҡ
ôˣ
컺֣üڻָĽҪͷܲһŵģ㡭
ְ֣쿴
Ҳ˳ķ̧׿ȥ
ⲻҪһȴǱֱһ
ǰ֮УȻֲͬɫţգȥ·βϼƵģŲƻӣ·սеܵһӰ죬ЩѪ֮˸ˡ
ô£
ɲѡ
СƺЩղ̬ȣΪǣߵԼȥ
ǺǣðɺðɣСӡ
ЦãǱԼ軵ˡ
ȴҲҳɣѸӳȥǽſ˸װף
û뵽λͻƻԵ
쿴бĿλɵÿЦһ£ȴΪ֮ϲ
λʥؽ׶Σȷ̫̫ʱˡ
֮ǰŬǣʼնһţȴû룬һžʱԽ
ͬɫĹš
ڰɫ֮УΪ
ɫ֮ڣΪʸ
ɫУǶľƣ
ЩɫպǸԵӦֻĺڰɫЩ֡
תһ룬ԼҲɫܿͨˡҵϵѪ֮ˣ֮󶼻ˣ
Ҫͻ˰
ۣ۵طˣЦֻܿԼָˣ
ţģػǲµģطͷӦ
үȥɣ׵ģ
Ҳ˵ڶľʸˣҲǷ׷׵ͷͶԲõЦݡ
ʵİ£Ȼʱ䲻ָЧȴҲãȻûлָһʵɻеģ
ǼսҲܹԱȻǰǲѪµǼ
ãԼСģͰǣ
ףһ˸߿֮ϣ
ˣϹԶǶӵĴţʼʶĴȴһЩ
⹫ʸүүϸ˵
һ촽΢ƾǿʵǿнλĶߣ붨״̬һȴδܵκӰ죬ΪԽƽȣͬĳħƵġ
콫Լĵ뾭飬һͨķʽһͬʱһ棬ȴҲͨڹඥķʽһ洫ԺܹΪеһͻ
ȻҪȴ棡
Ͼû򣬾ͲܳΪֻԡαݣ
һ㣬˵ʮҪ
ʥͻһڼ䣬ѸĻôһȺͻѣѶȿʮơ
İ£λ˸񲻹ƻԪԵøΪ٣˳

ȥʮӣų³һ·ɻصߡ
ԵʮƣͷҲǺˮ
飬Ĳ˸ɵİҲ´ˣ
Цãȴκκ֮⡣
ְ֣ôˣ
ƣ͵ӣǰΪźˮʵ
˳ӦþͿҪͻƳɹˣ
Цŵͷ漴ǹճһĨϰԵаЦһϷ
Ϸ
΢΢Ϊɻ
һ⣬˵ӣǼҲͲٶʣֻڴһϷľݡ
ףʲôôˣ
Źȥ˲ʱңǰԭڼսеļˣȻɵ𽥺ˣΪ׵ĺȻϹԶĪɽԼλ̫ϳϡ
ΪϷҪˣˣҸղŴǣĦһ°ͣЦ
Ŷ
ԣڳ˶׷۾ڴżʼĺϷ
Ҫˣ
̧ͷţ߶ţͬʱֵˣҲһЩ
Ŷã
Ȼκ飬ܿ˵˹㳡֮⡣
ŴŴš
ʱ䣬ֻܿռĦּ֮һռѷ첻ϳ֣·ҪѪռֱ˺Ƶģڳ˶оֲֿƷ
û֣𣬶ľƺͻʸ
ʧλӰֲֳֿƵУȴǷɿĸԳͬɿܿ˹㳡ͬıԵشҪǣǾγһΣ˵㳡⣬ȴǽ㳡ΧƵġ
ͷϣĺɫƿٳ֣һֲâ˸󣬸һּǿѹ֮С
ְ֣˵ĺϷò׽ٰɣ
Цõ˵
Ϊʲôأ
΢΢𣬵⹫Ҫ׽٣ÿЩѪ֮˷ֵһЩҲԼ˵һãкβɣ

ðɣȻԼԶԣ
û˵׽ٵʱܹˣ
ŴŴš
ܣֲѹԽԽǿ
ʣƷԽԽ졭
ã׽٣
ʣµٶѪ֮ɫ䣬ٿˣԼλվλ벻ᷢʲô
䡭
Ȼ䣬ͷϿգһȻ¡
û˿ɣֱӳŹ㳡Ѫ֮ԶķѸٷȥһµɲǣȴҲǸպ÷ɵĿλãȻѸչ
¡¡
ʱһѪֱ֮˽֮̿ʬ϶ɢ̣ȻѾʧȥ
Ϸʼˣ
ǻ߸Ļͷ·ǷǹƵģ֮һֲ磬𡢶ľԼʸΪĿ䣬ǿĿռѹ㳡ڳһϢϢ
ţλѸУЩֲĵâȴǲ׹ЩѪ֮ϣǼ֣޷ȫ⣬ʣµʥ֮˾͸Ϊˣһ̿һ㻹֮
׽ɱһĻ˿˷ܲѡ
񽣸ѿ죬Цϣ
°ͣȴһתһǶעһ㣡׽ٹ󣬻˻Ǿ͸ϽȥЩѪµˣҪ


1952 Ѫ¹Ũɱ
žž
䡭
磬ƬռĲǿ׽֮ɱУЩѪ֮ۿɼٶȲϼţʱ֮ԵˣȴҲ׷׵ͷǳлʣ²һɵѪ֮ˣһ˫˫ɱȻ
ʵòԣǴҶ
Ѫ֮ˣ
תֹȥ˴ʮӵʱ䣬λ׽ƽϢͷ֮ϵĺɫҲһĽɢ
Ҷףλͬʱֵһ׽ǽˣ
ʱǹ㳡лʣʮѪ֮ˣһԵüΪǱղţǶԶһЩֻܵЩ⣬Ҳûʲô̫˺ۡ
ˣֲֿ׽ٵУԾԵľֱɫɢǻôɫ԰ףκһѪɫԣ
ϣ
һ˲䣬һֵɲǣ˱ʱʮѪ֮˳˹ȥ
ǿѹټЩѪ֮Ծ£ûлָԵʣʮ˽𣬾ͷ·û˳֮У˳ɢֻһ߾߲Ҳ̶õʬ塭
ܲĳȫһ⣡
ߣҲͬʧС棬ȴҪһЩϾЩʵͶʥصѪ֮ˣǵȷҪ˲١
ʧҲڴҵĳܷΧ֮ڣ
ܹѪ£ȫҲֵã
˵Ҳһϵٹ뽾
ŴŴš
ɱ֮ԭΪ׽ٹȥƽЩգȴٴβôҶеעϥڰеλϣ
Ҷף˴οռĸԴλ
ǣȴڵһʱ֮ӡ
֮ڵλѾʼǸԵˣڵһʱ޷ֳ϶ҲеһЩţò˶೤ʱ϶иԵ֡
Ȼ˵ڴУûһλǲԼͬ˫ۣһЦ̤£֮ǰǳһ
ϲϲ⹫ϲʸүү
һʱȥףأ漴ȴǺɵôʱͣסˣ
ʵʵǣʲôɴ˸Ŵ붨
ϾõĻᣡ
˵أ
ۺ룬ЩεĵҲô𣿡
⡭
ðɣһʱ侹Ļ
ˣ˵ˣ
λЦź˼䣬漴ڳƽȥ˵䣬ָָǰѪµ
ã
ۣס
ܿ죬λ쫷Դ£˴ǲȱʬ壬ԼѪ޴ڵĹ㳡ֱӽѪµڣ
ΨнѪµܹǹѪ¹
ҵɫҲ֮ΪףŹ㳡Ǳߵļսֻһʼ
ûܲɽ£ôԶĳɹ

Ѫµҵ׽ǣͬͨԼԿ۵ȣ֪δ
ڵĴңûʲôż̬֮
ҸղͷĪүүߵ·ɽҲ·ľͷ
ǱӦûʲôҽұߣңòҪֿ㳡ϵļսŴҶʣЩѪ֮˵ʵǼԵģ϶Щ˸ǿ
˻ҷ׷׵ͷʾͬûһԵġ
ұߵȻУȴ㳡Ǳ绻һƵġ
˵㳡ɭ޵ôڴһȴԴɫͷ׵ĻţԼһƢĻ㡭
עСģκδ⣡
Ȼᣬȴصÿһ˶ϡ
˭֪õ棬źܴΣգ˵ѾҪͷˡ
򵽵Ϳˣ
Ծ
ţȴǺüͷһ壬ڶǰȻһ֣˶˲ȫͣ
һɲǼ䣬ڳ򣬰ͻƵλһü
ү
񽣴ΧĵǱסˣ
ס
ÿ񽣴ԣûʲôش˱ǽɫ˲䡣
ӣǵģ
ɫȻĵͷʲôΣգصģҪȥΧһһľ
ǣ
Ӧŵǿһº󣬱ʱԭأԼɢһ˸һܹһЩԾ֮
Ȼһ̣ȻһɿֲıɱֿûʲôӦɲǣòΪ֮ѪʵԲĸѪ
ã
һ˲䣬ʮ֮ɫ˲䣬ԥʩչƽеֿͬʱˣôܵŨɱѹȣ΢úͻһЩ
Īǣһ󷨣
ۻΧȴûзκһ󷨵ĺۼ
Ũɱͺضһ㣬Ƶֵ֮⣬ĶãֱƵģǵɫڴ˿ص˼㣡
ǰߣ
һâȵ
ԣǰߣ
ܿ죬˶룬׷ɱмǰУֻٶȽ֮ղű˲١
ʲô¾ıĳĻУֺͷ£Ҳַֻ̽ϣܹ̽һЩӶץסĳЩ
˱ɱߣҶԵЩѣΨһ̱ᱻɱƵġ
ɴ˷ɱȴֻɱ
ǰ˲ףӰεĿֲɱ֮⣬ûгκһ˵ܹʲôˣ
԰
üͷֲ֮˲ʢ

Ȼ䣬˽ŵУһЦ˷˵ıΪ֮һ䣬ܵ˼Ӱ죬һɫʮѿ
ܲ
ҧ
ЦȻֻ˼Σȴ̣ǰѪ֮ܲɣ
˶һ˲ȫ䱸űܣӦʱֵܻ״

ЦԭܵŨɱȴһ˲ޱȿֲѹѹȵĴֱѪüʵϲѾֱѪ
һĻ˷ŭ֣κΣȴ޷ֿѹ쾵ȼλ̫ϳֲֿѹУҲΪûʲôֻܲǿгܡ
תԪеֵɼˣȴԾڽļڣʮ˱ѹȵѪĹѹ÷飬μֱҲ̶á
ڣֹȥ˺üӡ
ܲһռӣֳ
֮ǰǰģôѪ˫ôϢơ
Ψһͬģȴǰ֮֮ܲǰŸŨɱֻû䣬ѪҺתͣƵģʹزѡ


1953 ֮أɱ

ɫѿʱ򣬰ܲȴֺȻЦһ
죬ôЦ֮󣬰ܲʵ
ڵһ˲䣬ѹȫȻʧòһ̱ڵأˮʪ͸Ǳ֣
һĻܲ˫ѪԵһĨмƾҲѪ£
ۣ˸һ֣İ£Щ̱ڵص˺ָܿЩ˸һѣΪԼղ״̬еޱȱ
ֺܲαˣ
תԪÿһǾԵľӢǸһʱ䣬ʱٴζϣֻǺֳ棿ɸ룿
һȴ֮ǰЩ˵ٺת˲٣ǰܲȴɫһԭǳŪѪҲ˲ֱֱĳȥΪ䡣
һ죡죬㻹ûشϷղŵ⣡ܲ
Ŷ˼ûʵʲôҡͷʵ
㡭
ܲòС
صʵܲɲû壡
⣬Ϸ
һܲޱļϷ㣬ǽ˴ΪЩ˵֮أΣ
֮أ
˴˻쵱Цһ£漴ٴδһΧ׵Ϊ֮صǲѡ񣡿ɣȴʺǣ
Ŷ
ܲüëһȻѡǲΪ֮أôҸջ⿴һΧķˮ϶ʺģ
а죬һ죡
ܲŭЦϧƾЩˣ»ɱϷ򣡡
Щ˵̫ˣ
ͬЦȻʵ㣬ǧѡһԱĻܲΪܹȫ𣿡
һԱ
ô˻ܲЩɫ䣡
ԣܲпѾϽסȻˣ˵ǧ˵Աˣ¾ƲʥǲᣬֻʮһԱҲðܲɣ
ȻЩܹԱɰܲȴȥƴ
ôʱ䣬ۿѪ¼ưźúܽӣͬʱȡѪ֮Լ飬ܹɹͻƵһ𾳽أ
ܲκ˶Ҫϧ
ֻǰ֮ܲԵˣҲЩɫ䡣Ȼ˼ĵֲصʱǹԸԼȫ
ʵһʼ㱻˵ʱĻȴÿһĵѿ
ͬһʱ䣬ҷ׷̧ͷղűѹˣһ˫ᶨ۾ܲκȫƴĳ嶯񡭡

ʱܲȴǺĲЦ
Цô̶ô𺳣
ܿ죬ɽֹסЦ죬Ҳδ̫ˣںδΪϷԱĻ𣿡
ˣϷҲǷϻ
ûиκ˵ĻᣬܲȻָһ֮УŰٶ˼ֶ
⡭
˻ãֻһٶѣȴǷ׷һ
ΨЩ֮ˣȴǵʱ׷ɫ䡣
ԭܼ򵥣ЩûκϢչ¶İٶˣȻÿһȻ󲿷ֶһأһԼ˸βҵΣֱ
ôϷЩΣ
ܲЦϷΪѡ֮ôһ⣡ǣһ̣
ɱһܲһ֣
ǣ
ǰٶӦŵǴзɢ˷Ϯȥͬʱһޱȿֲƣѹһڳ˶ʱɫ䡣
򣡾Ȼȫ֣
һɲǼ䣬ҶоĻǾİ׳ˣ
һٶ治֪ܲǵģ
ȫСģ
ʱһɲǼ䣬ӦȴǽҺ
Ȼ⸦һֵʱ򣬱ʮ˵һ㻹֮
û취Էʵȷ̫ǿˣǿף
ûħطʩչɰܲôȥѪµ־ɨˡ
Һã֮ǰһϵе֮󣬴໥ʮĬǣʧȥʮ˵֮󣬴Ѿ΢ɢһЩʮ˾һǿϣʱܹþȶһЩ
ɣҲֻʱģ
ʱ϶̫
һץסᣬȴǵĿ¾Ƿһɱ¾ƣ
Ҳźȥæ
һλǲͻƲã绹δȫȹ̣óô˻úõȶһ£
ְ֣֪
ͷӦ뺮ŮȺǱ߳˹ȥɿĸչƣкüѪµǿ˹ȥֹǼ˽й
ͬʱԵ𡢶ľʸˣҲûж˵ʲôĳͷ𣬳׼Ŀ꼱ٱƽ
ȻΪʵԵʣҵĿʵһأ
λ̫ϳϣҲ˵ҵԼĿչҲǻһЩٵΣ
ɼˣʣ»нɵѪ֮ˡ
죬Ҳȥɣ
ط˫ޱȵŭ棬ҧгݵĵ
ǰү
ܣ磩
񽣣ľʸҲ׷׳ս

Ȼȴǰ˰֣ûκζİܲǾãܲ뽫ǳɱڴ𣿡
ţ
ôԣ˾һ
ܲڰڳּƣѵ˵
ҾãӦûô򵥣
ˣΪβ֣
˵䣬ָָЩѪ򡭡
Ȼʵǿ󣬵ڼЩ֮ʱֵܹһʱǶֻ֣ҪʱԳһЩض³
ٶ򣬰ܲԼѪµĿ϶ܴ
ûʲôͼıܲǱɱ
ǡ
죬ȴʲô˵ֻͷʾĲɻ
죬ôʲô
طʱüǲʲôͼıؼǣ
ָűѪŰɱǣطʲôʱôѪˣôȥ²һδ֪ͼı˻ҿ㣿
ԣȴͬඥƵģ˲һ
ǰʱˣһôʲô
ǸӣллңҴˣߣɱȥ
ߣ
طһЦЩѪȥ
үȵȰǣ
ǲԵĶľͻʸһͬչ˲׼мѪʼ֡
Ȼ˭Ҳûע⵽˾ٵİܲǻһĨĻߣ


1954 ıɱĸͻ֣
ǵĳ֣ɱĻУһɲǼʮ˵ǶϵǼѪȴǱýˡ
˵طΪ֮ǰ飬ûȫָİȴҲǲˣ㵥ԵأҲʲô£¾㲻ȫʢ״̬׻ʤֻҪһʱ䣬Ҳ⣡
죬ȻȷΪط˶ķһԪصʵ˷ȴҲûκѣ
ȻˣԷĸȷ̫ˡ
һٶ֮ߣʮ֮࣡
һʵռ˲ƣȴҲû취ôѪһټҲֻؿԼߵʥ֮˱ɱǰʹΪ֮ŭѡ
ڰܲʱȴǺȻռʧûע⵽ʲôʱ뿪ģȻ֪ҪЩʲô
ء
䡭
ֲֿĹϣĽټϸֲ֫ϱ۵Ĳϳ֣ʱ˼ŻĲңȴûһȴ֮⣬һǷŭķţ¾֪ǶԷ֣¾һҲҪ֮ǰҧµ˵һԼĻ鴴һĳֻᡭ
ȻЩĴ򷨣ʵȴΪ˫ʵĲ࣬˶Ҳ𲻵ʲô̫õã
ǵĳ֣ԼߵҲڲϱɱֲҳ̶ȼֱ
ءһһȭһϣѪˣ漴ǧýֶһɭĽâڴ˷ûӦ֮ǰǧýಿλһѪ쭳ɲǣ˷һҺǴӰ׹أκĿܣ
үԾ
ʱҲɱĶ֣ߣ
ţôˣһ
ܲˣ
񽣳֮ǰվķŬŬ죬ֵң㲻ôҲɱʮˣʣ֮˵ʵҲڲŵǸ
˵䣬ָľսѪ򡭡
΢˶٣񽣼үղŰţҲ۷壡
˼˵ǲͻģ
üͷ΢壬ɿľʮȹ̣͡
˵ɲǣϹԶĪɽǱֱ˷ֱ˸ԵĶ֣ȻҲ񽣶Ǹصͬʱ𾪵ķ֣˵ʵȻٴͻƣﵽأ
⡭
쾪첻ѣôҲԼ۾
񽣸ƵĴֲ˲ۣү㿴ɣ˵֣
˵ȥɱ˿
˵Ҳ漴ٶԣӦһϮһ˲չصѪ֮ˣǺȫУʱ䣬˽ûκεֿ֮ıֱ
ףô£
췢֣˵ȴδöľǱߵٴ
ܿߴһƺߣط羹ǱĳˣοǱ
Ķ֣һأ
ӣ


1955 ıɱĸͻ֣
״ԥȥǿƽ˺Űط
ȿȡû£
طȲѣȻ˿˿Ѫ
ˣղ˵ʵͻȻأ׵˲ǿ⧲ˣط缱п϶ʲôԵɣ죬صģ
ãף
ۣųطأâһıǧýֱϮӣȻָһ£
δ䣬ȻǧýĽҲδʲôĶֻһɲǣһ޴Ľâ˲֣ǾŶƸǼƣķӿ
ƣ
ʱ޴âصĹƺݺݶײʱԷƱƣУ˼ٵɶȫûһֿ֮

ԥӡ
䣡
ʱ䣬ŶƱڴ˷˵ĹкȻըѣըû飬ƳƬռƵģ˵ʬˣһ첲һȶٿ
һĻòΪ֮𺳣
ԷʣµʮҲˣ
ү
Ȼȴûκε⣬ɱ˴֮ǽĿ⳯ȥ񽣲Ըʱ߹ղſˣûͻȻģƺҲЩ԰
Ϳ񽣵ĬϣȻö˵
ǶԵĵط
ҡҡͷ߿񽣺طһ㶡
ղţҲ˵ܲʲôıɱ𣿡
ǹճһĨߣͷɻУЦЦȻҲ֪ܲʲôֶΣڴ˰
ˣ
һط綸Ȼ۾һ˼˵ɱЩˣǰм˿ʵ

ͷֻĽͣҾҹƣ˵Ӧòֻ࣬ѣҪƵܲ뷨ֻҪעܹǼ˾㹻ˣ
ɡ
ط֮Цһ£ҡͷ죬ûУԷֱڶʮ֮࣡ǲ£أʱϵóˣ߱ض˲أ
ԣҪ죡ңܹҳһѵİ취ף
ô
񽣿Ƶͷ˱ȥ룡үҪôôٺ١
㰡㣡
⻰ʱûһۣǱȥ룡
ٺ١
񽣵Ǻһ죬ֻҪүߣһͷβ³ç󺺣

ʱԶľһƺ߶ȻŤͷȥһ˲䣬üöľѪǱĵɶײȺУײ˺üˣſסǺС
磡
ӣ
ɫ˲䣬׼ȥɲǼ䣬ȴǶȻиֳӰһһҵĽľŮӸǹĵӣû°ɣ
ϵ裿
һһŮεʱ춸ȻҲ֮ùŹ
Ϊ𾪵ķ֣ϵľؾȻ򣬲һأ
Сӣû뵽ǻɣ
һЦѾľһͬŶľǰ
ôɵˣ
ľ΢΢ЦЦˣɵվˣ翴
Ŷԣ
عľһ£ȷֻڸܵһ𵴣κΣգҲŷ
ţɻĿĸľ΢ЦΪ֪ʲôڲʱ򣡵ȽѪ£Ǿͺϸ˵Σ
ðɣ
ʼ磬ӣչ磡ˣҲ˺һЩ΢ָ̫ƴ
ף
طͷûͶľصĵȻͬ⡣
漴졢ľԼˣٴսţǸ׼Ŀ꣬㿪ʼһֵļսɱ¾


1956 Ѫħ
ʱ˿̣˰ܲĻڳ˶ʱɫ΢䣡
˵ʵڵģȻܲ˻׺⣬ȴҲףǴ˵Բһ£
䣬ƺܲʲӵĲúģĽһɱƵģ
ܲ㲻Դʿţ
ޱ飬ʲôþ;ʹҵȼȻ;ᱻס
Ȼƻڳܲȥ˵ʵȴҲ̺Ԫʱͬһ㣬üһȴһɫָܿᶨѣ
һĻܲü
öԻһЩѹûȴΪһ仰ôҶ׻ָҲȻûܳɹ

漴ܲٴһЦ죬żϷ˵ǵ֮أôһǣŵǵˣϣȺúܰɣ
˵䣬ܲչѪӿݣܵĿռ䶼֮Ѫӿ£ֻһɲǼĹΧĻ㱻Ѫȫ⣬·һѪɫƵģ¾֮ǰɫֲҲȫѪɫ
ͻأı仯˲
𡭡
ţǰܲͷϿգһѪɫȻֹ֣ĺҲǴѪɫɢƵġ
һ֣ѾصƬռ䣬·ֱܹĵƵģֻѪֳܲסѪơ
úܰɣ
ܲٴλʧϣֵܹľһЩϷҲ˷ܵģ
𡭡
Ŵ˷ǺԽ
ܿ죬һ߰׵ľ޴ģĶѪɫǿм˳
Ż
ĳ֣˷׷Ż³ûԶģҲ˲ٵ֭
е࣬֫嶼Уĵıܹͷ­мһ֮⣬˫ϷֱţÿһŶѣԿǲѪ
ĴУǿӿݣڸܹһ
Ժ󣬿ӿŨѪȣòô̲סŻµԭ
𡭡
ⶫһ֣ͭСѪΧܿ˳ڵķȥѪ˲ٵĿˮ̰ͷ·Ƕ˵ĶǿһȺСƵġ
ȻԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾץʥ֮˻صԭأѪſţ˱پ׽ѵѪһȴʮƵģ˫ۡ
ˣ
ǻĳ˰
ȴʼ޷ѣȴǳױȥ˵ŵʲô·Ь֮Ķˣǵ궼ûѣμֱҵ˼㡣
Ż
һĻٴŻѡ
ˣһĨϲɫȴٴν߳˹ȥƺϲ˵ζ̰
ҲǾʮֶģȴע⵽ղչֳʵ
˵ģٶȣ춼ûʲô
˵ʵ϶֮ϡ
ã
һɲǼ䣬ǹٴԭʧʱɫ䣬վֵ˲䣬ǹ»ȥˣʱкȻֶĸʥһ˲ȥģôҶһ㻹֮
ţ֮ǰһĻĳѪٴγ֣ʹһɫף嶼ڷ
硭
ʱľʲôɫĳȥ
ʱȴҲһı顣
ĬĬͷ¾Ǹˣ
Ǹô죿ҪԵԽ࣬ʵҲԽǿʱ֣ܲ¡ľɫѿĵ

ˣľغһ̾
һͷˮԱߵҲˣ漴Ͻʵϵ裬ǵ˵ʲô֪ʲô𣿡
˶˶䡣
ͶľڽһɶľӦѪħ
Ѫħ
һͷˮλ̫ϳ϶ʮİ
ѪħӦôϣѪط£
ľؼղŰܲŵһУΪѪħǿͷ­ǷǸղʧٵˣ
⻰ҷ׷ǿеĶģڳ˵Ѫħȥܿͷ
ֹˡ
Ҳ֮Ѫħ壬ҲɸղʮɣÿγˣҪһ㣬Ѫħ궼һɣ˵һɵһѪħ᳹ױ࣬ʱ˿𣡡
˻
ЩҶɵõһȻ֣

ʱźüҽУ˱Ѫħץ˹ȥ
һƺ˵ȦţƵģ׸ܡ
Դ˵һޱȾ޴ĳ裡
ǡ
Ҫѯʰ취û˵ʲôľغ·ʲôƵģͷɶľԵλһעⱣôңҺѪħֻǳȻŲʵҲӦܹӦԣͽҺˣ

ɫʱɫ䡣
Ҳ˵
ľغǺһЦֵôˣǲȥĻ˭аգˣѪħ󣬿ǻиܲأ
ǡǿҪģǲеĻǧǿЦ
İɣ
ľر˱죬ֱһڣһͬһɲǼѪħͷϿա
󣡡
ͬʱһȣɫɫâ˲ʢתۼγͬɫľ޴âѪħڵλüϮȥ
أ
죬ֲĲӡ
ȻʱһŭȻӿУѪħŭĳųͶľڵλȥ
ʱ˿̣ͷ­ſѪڣѪӿֳһ޴ѪҪ˳ûƵģŻذĿֲƣ
ȣ
ֽţۿѪӣ׷ײȭͷ
𡭡
ౡ
ȻѪû˵һ˲䣬һͬʵʵϹ໥ƶ˲Ѫɫþ˾һȴһ˫˫ж޾ϣ
ʲô
һ޴ޱ貵ɫâÿһƬ۶ˣŸµ
һͷ޴ɫ޳Ĳˣǲȶ˫ɢıɫϢÿѪһ㣬ԭӵѪǿʼ
⡭
쿴Ŀɿڴ
ϣԼĸϢ֮ǶͶľر仯ɣʱĻ棬гܰ
˰֮⣬ȴǻŨ顭


1957 ﶷħܲķ
ʱ䡭
Լħ˷ѪɫвϸԱƴƵڳ𺳲ѣ˫иޱȵľ壡
ûã֮ѾѹסħһѪħӳѪʼѪħڽˣΨͷ­ȴǸΪһľ
𡭡
ͻأģɫһ·ںһ㣬ͬʱչ˶
һβڻϹʢͬʱͬռƵģצĳ˺ʮ׵ѪħϮȥһǰĺơ
ͬʱ˫һչչֳޱˣǷԱһеĺԣһķչ㳯Ѫħϱƽ
һĻ˿ĵɴ۾Ψִ©һ㣡
үү
˹죬ǷʲôͷƵģС֣˷ܲѡ
ŤͷһۣǾЩڲͬĵط
ʵûע⣡
ͶľʱЩ£˿֮ǰԴͶľصǣ¾ľظղŶ֮ǰǣЦʵȴҲżֿɬ롭ɣ
Եɣ첢֪飡
ȴһˣӱǰӣֵͬİ
Īǣ֪Щʲô
찵Գڴ˿ȴҲδʡ
䡭
һ˲䣬ѾǺݺݳѪħϣһֲĺ죬ܿռ䶼ѷ֣ڳٴθо˼𺳡
Ҳˣ
ʵ¶ѾԽķ룡
ϵ赽׾Щʲôǡ
˼⣬ȻܿȴǰԿЦ˦˦ͷٴνעǰļսϡ
ﶷħֻɲ뿴ܿģ
ķӿУǰն·ҪƿƵģֻһԼޱȷŭħȴ޷浽׷Щʲô
ͻأģѪħҵг໥϶ײƵļսֱֱ֮ϣ·ڽսƵģЩӵԵĲڳʵԵ͵˱ѪǵļʱտѾѪˡ
ɴˣҲԿ˷սĳ̶ȣȷǼδ
Ȼ䣬ѪħǱŭˣ
һħʱѪɫâƿ֮ɿĳȥ
ͱȴǲʾ
Ҳ֮³ɫɫľâڰбѪâݺײһȻȴûеֱը໥һ㣬ֱ໥ûʲô̫˵Ч
ȻҲǿѣ
ϳ˵ܲˣѪâ¶һܹס
ֻǰڵһ໥̽
ѪħȴΪŭ
͵һŭѪɫĲ˫ֿ趯֮УһѪɫХ
ÿһѪɫģһԼɼģΣ·ڲٿЩһ㣬ƣǰûмģ
ЩˣǸղŵЩ
ط˵
ϸȥȻɫҲһԽ˼֡
ȴĬĬսǧýֵ֮׼
ȻղŴӦ˵ȥԸѪħʲôΣգΪӵȴҲ޷˵ֱӳȥ
Т
𡭡
ౡ
һѪɫ֣ϮȥʱͱﶸȻٴгϵϹ֮ʢٵǰֳʮ׳Ľâ֮֮УЩâʱ
ŴŴš
ĦȻâѪɫһ໥ϵضײͬƵĲϳ·׹䡣
Ҳǽˣ㿪Щĳ
ɵȴˣ
š֣ۡһ׵ĿӶϳ֣Щ׹ĹУǻܹʮƿ֮ɴҲԿȻڴο̫ңʵȴҲܹһаĿֲ
һĻ˸ǾĪҶԣ

һߣﶷħʱѾǱ뿪İܲȴһѪɫɽУͨǰһ޴ĻǱ߷һж
ʱİܲȴɫѣ·ʱγˮ
һ˫Ѫ֣ĶͶľɵ·Ƶģ޲ýʬΡ


԰ܲΪģܵѪޱŨЩѪ£ʮЦ
ЦСӣ಻꣬ÿһԵüΪ죬·ǵħƵġ
죬
ܲŭѣֻһһѪԱ߼˲ֳһӤģͨ͸Ѫɫ֮⣬ͨ´ĺӲࡣ
ܲһţȴǽӤֱʮܵľ׽£Եǰ
һѪҲ֮ЩСӵҲ֡
ţڶ
ܲ㡮ԡ͸ӤͣͬʱǰǹĻеѪħȴǷŭһѪ˲ʢͷ­·ʲô˷ܼƵģת۱٣ŭ캳أȴǽֱ˿ȥ
ȻܲѪɫɽУȴҲܹѪħпƣ
ɽѪħ·𷢿ƵŭУȴǶȻ໥ƣϹһĲʱһ޴ɫâֶɣޱȷϢ·նһ㡭
ƣ
Ȼը쿪
˵ɫ£޴ɫâֱϮ޾ƿ֮ͬԾռƵֱӳѪħǰ
â֣
ҪһƵģѪħŭ˲ֹסͷ­ʮֻ۾УԵһĨ⡣
ɴʱҪѾˣ
𡭡
ͻأģһ˲䣬Ѫħ͵һŤҪǿбܿâĹƣȻɫâھ£ȴǻһȣݺݳͷ­һնȥ޿ɱܡ

Ǹͷ­˫Բ֮ɫɡ
ৡ

ʱ䣬ͷ­ֱնȥŨѪѪħһγô˻ἱٷˣͬʱĸͷ­Ҳʹ˻ϲϵѪⶼڴ˿˲١
ôܣ
ѪɫɽУܲһĻʱɫ˲䣬Ҳܵһĳ˿ǽ˺ü͸ӤȻҲǲϡι롯ðܲıתһЩ
ʱѪħڰܲĲʳʳУҲȶʣĸͷ­ֻ۾Ķ޾ɭɱ


1958 Ⱥħ裬裡
ûиѪħٶʱ䡣
ţռһĴϹٴκХͬĲƵģϯΧһгѪħڵλӶȥ
𡭡
ɲǼ䣬ѪħƵŭ𣬻ѪȻʢһЦհĴ
ƿԹƵġ
뿪սֻ֮ѪæתԪסвʵԲ˸Ūɫ԰ף˿˿ѪûŪõɡ
ţѪħΧѪ֮УǳȥϹ⣬ȴܵ˼谭Ҳ޷ƽ벽
⻹ûꡭ
ѪħһŭУѪⲻϲᣬת˲Ĺ򣬱һ͸ѪɫӰ
ͷӣнţ͸֮⣬ľಢûʲô
ÿһѪӰһЦȻЩЦǴﴫģЩѪӰЦţȴԵʮɭ
𡭡
Ѫħһ𣬷·һʱһѪӰ㳯Ǳ߷˹ȥƮƮȿѾû˷ЩϹ⣬ȫ޷͸ѪӰİ͸Σǰȥ
һĻǿüͷֱ塣
ǸղŵȷͶľռһƣһʮǿƵռȥѪħһͷ­ЩѪӰ֮ԭռϷľȴƫתιȫܸǴȥκ˺Ƶġ
Լһ͸ЩѪӰȫ谭ļϮͱ˫鶯۾УȴǱ֮ɫȡ
һʱǾȻЩѪӰûʲô취
գۿѪӰ˷ϮﾹȻֻܲϵ˸ܣ
Ҫһ㣬ЩѪӰƿӰƵģֻҪһľڣȥӰ죬˶¸ɥʧ˲ٵս
İ͸ѪӰǼ˸εɫ֣Ҳͬ벻ʲô֮ЧĽ취
ѩƣСߴ𣿡
ʾСߴ˳ʵ
գСһҡͷʧˡ
νȺħ裡
ɫ֣Ŭ˼ŸֿܣܹﵽԼĸĸȻصʵƫƫֻôĿţȫ
𡭡
ౡ
Ȼ䣬ֻһʹУʱ
ۣкüѪӰǳϣǵֹâ˲䰵һЩ
ȻϿȥƺûʲô̫Ӱ죬ȴףۿô򵥣
סôְ
Ȼ䣬ƳˣǻŽɫĹâʮֲöĿ
ֻ֮ǰߵ裬֪ȥ˺δûиһ֡
ҪǣڻǽɫâУѪ⾹·ʲôƵĽȴҲҿ
ʱ۾һ
֮ǰǾħĸеı֣жı¸֮⣬ֻа취ˡ
Ȼû쿪˵ʲôȻֻԼƣæ
ȴͬƺһֲɵϣƺһƵġ
Ҳڴʱ΢΢һ㶣ǡ
ʱĻԵЩŤͷǰȥо˵㼤Ứ
һĻȻãԼĸӦʶģһʮֵϤ
ˣæ
ʱľҲ֮֡
ǣǣ
ڸղţƸΪοٷڶɫâ˲ʢѾָǽ¹ı壬ڽɫâѤУһͷ˵Ӱͬʵһɢ޾ƣ
˺󣡡
ȳʱ߼ٷˣЩѪӰȴҲæ׷ȥ𺳵һĻˡ
ɵ˲䣬ǷӰȴǶȻһֻ裬һֶɢŨİ׹⣬һְɫգҫƬռ䡭
ЩѪӰһӴ׹⣬ȴһŲҽпؿһ̵ƶ𣬶мѪӰҲ˶𽥱С
ֻţ죬£ָ˲ȫչҲղΧ״̬
̶ļУЩѪӰٺˣΨֱ׹ٴҫǵĸˡ
ȻⲢû꣡
Ƴ֣ôô׽
ڽĳһɲǼ䣬һķɫ˳𣬷֮Ƶġ
Ȼûȥ׷ЩѪӰ赸У׹ȴǼת˲γһֻֻСİɫˣ赸еС飬ȶһ˫˫鶯ĳ򣬳˷˿ЩѪӰϷȥ
ǿ۾Ź⣬ǿŴʱչֳһֻ޴ɫ֮ʱܹܵһϤ˹ڼһģһӰ
Ȼ˿ŷ˵裬ƱĽ¹Ҳǽɫâ˸ǰɫ˵赸ϵʮĬÿһε˸պ赸ǸϣʮֵѤöĿ˿̾ѡ
һֻֻСİɫˣž޴˵赸ƮɣЩѪӰһУ϶Ҳղŵ
һȴҲôһ·𿴵ѪħΣ
ʱȴ»Σع鵽ľصı壬صվ
˵ıʮֲ԰ףȻղŵļսǷ򸾶Ĳ١
ϵ裬û°ɣ켱æʵ
û£ֻЩѣһͺˣ
ͬʱҡҡͷµҩɫźתһЩ
ʶ𣿡Ĳ٣ʵ
Ǻǡʶģ
˶һЦľ֮Ǿ仰Ժͻ֪ˣţѪѾԶİɣ

ʱͷЦá
үү̡
ҧҧԥʵ¹ǡ衷𣿡
ʣͶľضʱЩĪƺǡүү롮ָ̡Ǵȥ˶ĸжƵġ
ٵһĨǸ⡣

סС֣ľ촽ͷǡ衷ѧһ¹ɺã
ˣ
򴽣ҡͷصֻ֪ʺ¹ģҲѧأ
أѧʲô̶˽㣡ľ˵
ҡѧʲô𣿡
۾һǲŵĳͶľȥЩź͡Թ
ⷬԻȴȻͷԼĸҲ˼ֺ档
ȻԣǵĹŮأ
ľЦŵͷҲףʱϲ񣬡̫ÿҪѧ
Ȼո˵ɲǣȴǶȻǰһ캳صŭ˵ʲôǺһͬĿ⳯ǰȥһĺȻѡ


1959 ħϣ
ŭֱһ㣬ڳ˷׷ɫ䡣
˵ĿעУȻ֮ǰռϷСͰɫˣȴȻȫɢ¾Ǿ޴İɫҲòϷˣڻƵı¹ҲǴսһЩ
ƣô
˵ľض˱ǰ¹Աߡ
ã
ҡҡ¹ףＫΪء
ô£ġ衷ôױƣľü΢ʵ
Ҳ֪
Ƽҡ¹ס
ʱһŭ𴫳Ѫ⼱ٳӣһƬѪǵϮʱֵķ֣ѪħȻٴγ֣ҳмǿͷ­֮⣬ĸͷ­ȻǴޱЦݣͬʵʵѪâϿռٷ
ĸͷϵعЦţΧѪâĵ׷
Σֱ쵽˼㡣
¾죬δ˿Լͷչģ
ܿ죬ĸͷ֮ǰѪӰΧѪѹУѾǳ˲ϱƽʹܵһٴαѪɫ֣һǺΪ֮Ĳѡ
ûˣƴɣ
˵֮ǰܰȴء
ãչ˺ôң
ľصͷ˵һŶľƺͶľֵ˵ͷʾһ£һͬ
ȻҲˣʱıϣɫâʢѪУӲĴһ·ЩѪһʱ֮Ҳ޷ƽ
ͶľֳָԽɫɫĳޱǿĽâĸ׶ͷ­Ϯȥ
ȻǵĹʮĬټ֮ƵĽɫâܹѪɼӰ죬ʶ˷ѪĻг֣ȴҲܿ콫ŻЩľŤת
ҪѪħƺҲЩܣ
ûгǡ衷ƵҶΪܹɽȴǿ϶еˡ
𡭡
ĸͷ­ϷƵŭţѪⷭͶľ˵Ĺڸû취֮ǰɢʱιʼû𵽸õЧĸͷ­Ĺˡ
ڻƣһǽɫâֵѪâͬʱһ߸ǳͻЩѪâͼչѪħĹȴûʲô̫ãľĻӶӡ
ô˵İҲǳˣ

ۣĿڵͺչ˺ôңȥæ
ţְСģͷ֪ڲʱ򣬶ıҲЩ֡
үү̣֮ǰ˵Ļôܻѵл֪¶
ǲҪŻȥ˵ܵõ裿
΢΢üЩɲ
쵹û̬仯ֳǧýһͶľм䣬Цϵ裬ǣ
ã
ľЩɫ䣬ȴһЦĶӣãһѪħ
˵䣬ٴοǣһ˲㽫ֵѪɫͷ­ֱӱˣȴҲûоʹ˰֣ޱȿ񱩵ƣһϮȥ
״ԥļ˶ľǱߡ
ǧýϽбϮֱȡ˶ľλãâϯУͬǰѪɫͷ­òϺˣҲòϣ˷Ĺƿʮǿ󣬵𵽵ȴԺԲƣûиǴȥʲô̫˺
У
ľü£Һ㸸

ɫ΢䣬Ŷľصӣջǳˡ
硭
ľǰһ˲ɫâʢϢ
ף
ĵͷӦ漴ͬϹʶһ㣬ɿǶľص໥ƣգۼγһɫâľ޴âֳĽâ˵ȴǴ֮࣬ɫâ£ĸѪɫͷ­ȻηҲ֮ǰôš
ƣ
һɲǣֻľͬʱһȣڿռľҲУ޴âǽĸѪɫͷ­ȫֱϮ
𡭡
Ѫɫͷ­ŭӿֲѪâγһֻֻѪɫ֣âƶȥ
ɽȴǵɴ˫ۣЩѪɫڽӽâʱ򣬶ᱻɱûʲô̫ãֻȴҲâĹâ˲١
ΪߵľأʱǵĶͷҲ˿˿亹ɫҲԵò԰˼֣ȻĿ϶ܴ
˵ĹУԶĻҲ˲ƿǣΧЩѪɫǿƱˣ·սԭЩѹֵĺҲһ̵õ˼Ļ⡣
һУȴ˳ȥĻܹĸѪɫͷ­ǰѪħؽǴȥһ
𼼡ս죡
𼼡裡
ˮˮƣ
죡
ʱҲ̲סˣ
˲ڿգɫͬԹâʢХ
ǱޱȿֲʵһצѪɫĻУ˻һаĿֲơ
ȥ
ңңһָǰʱХĿֱָĸѪɫͷ­ҲóŸĸ˫âǴȥѹƵ£Ȼ֮ǰ컹治һ㹻İգ
𡭡
ˮĿ£ֱ׼˸ԵĿ꣬׵ľ˲伴ĸѪɫͷ­޿ɶ£Ǻݺǳһ
ʱ䣬ֲֻĺƬѪɫݣĸѪɫͷ­ǺȻըѶһǰĲҺУͬԭӵƵıըҵѪɫƮɢ޾ĳҪܿռֱӺƵġ
һĻ˿֣ĩյ٣
Ͷľأټ»εĻ˽ˣЩҵѪɫȫˣǵɫЩףȻղŵĵȷܴ󣬸˵벻
죬ȴٴӡʱһ޴ХΧչֳޱȿ񱩵ϢǽȾͬƵİ䡭

ľصĳȴǻͷһĵ
ˣضģӦ˵ǵ֮ɫȻʮŨء
ǿ
ȴۣ̾
ûͨ⹥УΪɹ׽֮ʱ˺ܶ׵֮ʶڳֻİ˴⹥Уǿһ
ڣȴʱѪħһ


1960 ħ£
ǰҵѪɫ𽥳ɿѪħǷƵŭ𣬱ϾղǵϳɹĸѪɫͷ­ȥ˼˺
ѪħȻ𺳣ϵѪȴǰһЩĸѪɫͷ­λõ˫紦ԳĸѪɫӶȥ֮ղŸΪġ
ҪǣѪħ޴еһ͸ѪɫݣȴչֵĸΪ·ڱַŭȴҲֱֱŻ
һֱۣѸӿʱעЩѪɫĶ̬
ڣʱȥӺЩѪɫȫǰѪħγչֵɲǣ˫кâȻһԥȳҫŭ
𡭡
ȣ׼ľ޴ʱһβ׵˸ǿƿ֮ƣǰ׿ѪħֱϮȥ
ռ䲻ϲһ糯˷׹ȥһռѷֵĹУΧԭڵѪɫҲǽɢչһޱȵĺ˻
𡭡
ʱǲΣıƽѪħʣһѪɫͷ­ŭʵʵѪѪмһҲԽ·һϹħٷƵģſѪȵϢ
ƣ
ԪҪǮƵķʱٴ˼֣չֳƣҲڴ˿̵õ˸
Ŵͣĵâת˲ǱƽѪħڵλã
ţĿ£Ȼһ˦׹˲ܵѪɫȫˣ˲ٴμӿٶȣŵĳѪħʣһѪɫͷ­ݺҧȥ
ΪʲôҪѡΨһͷ­ԭܼ򵥣
Ϊ֮ǰѪħĽսѾˣͷ­֮ǰĸ֮ѪİԼŭķ񣬱˵һУ
ѡҲΪܹĽ
ˣаܲɽʦͽڣɲطҲұ֤ûʲôѪµִڣǲץʱ䣬Ǻ±ؽ룡
˵ʵڵģչֳôǿȴû̫İգ
ֻ˵ƴȫ
˵䣬ѪħȴһʮɵĶ㿪Ĵ죬ϼѪâݺݵĳϣһģԼҲڰҡ˺ü¡
𡭡
ĿһĨŭԵķǸצ׹һȴǺݺѪħץ˼£ץһŭϣȴûʲô취

۾âһٴӡԪһιʹ·˷ܼƵģȻޱǿ֮·ؿܿռâžĽ֣·γһȫ׵磬ҪһеĿֲơ
ȥ
ٴһָâ˸УһκХ
һ֮
ʱľԼ˴һͬʱ˸ǰٵֳɫͬľ޴âޱĽϢ
ȥ
ͬʱһȣ޴âʱǰѪħڵλϮȥҪǣ˵Ŀ£â˲ƿһ㣬ǰ桭
âʮĬγһƷΣƵУѪħܹҶķȫֻҪҳôâضݺݴ壬ܷһ⣡
ѪӥħǰǵâƵĿֲ
˵ĳ֣Ϊ˷Ѫħ·òֱ
ңƻɹˣ
ץסʱѪħУһεչ˸ӿֲٶȣȻŵɲǣǽһѪɫͷ­ҧͬʱǾ޴˲ס׹·ܵĳ˷ϮǼһŭȴҲ޷ѡ
ţ޴âǵĿ£ͬķݺݵسѪħϣΪʹ࣬ԭϵһŹӣڴ˿̶׷׷˲ҵʹֱʹ֣
䣡
䡭
һֲĺƬռը쿪
ѪħΪĵĸĿռѷ켱ٳ֣ҵнɢҪȴѪħ壬ƱƵģһƬƬѪƮɢĽɱֻĲѪɫԼЩԽԽɢŭ

һУȶһЩŻص֮У³һ
ڰһˣ
̾һɫҲЩ԰ס
ĹƼľڰ˳ɵԪеҩľİָҲҪһʱ䡣
⻹û꣡
ۣܻ֪ܲôѪħѾѵ㻹ҪʣµǼһ
ƵĻ˸ոշɵٴ
ɻӦȴһƬֻʶѹ͵ĺ֮
ץʱ䣬Ͻָ
Ƶ˵ǻģ
ã
ҲɣϾʵҪģ
ܷӵʵһܲô²ʮбᱻֱɱ
˸Ծ裬졢ԼľϥԷõҩٻָռûɹΨǰܲһ̺Ȼ֡
ֵǣܲƺǵĴڣһֱû˵չʲôˣ
תۼ䣬ʱȥһѾָò˵ϾѪռ䣬Ϊ޷ԵʣҲȫָ۷״̬֮ʱ֮ǰȴǿ˵Ѿõòˣ

һ˵ĸĸɵ¶һĨԥ
ְ֣үү˵ˣѪܻ֮شŶ
ûͶľؿڣ˵

ʱûĳӵһۡ
˵Ĳ
ľЦЦʱǺ˵ˣҲ׵ģ
ðɺðɣ
ЦãѾͶľغȻǶ̶ʱеλǵĴô˵ˣŪʼվпʯͷƵģεúܡ
һ뿪һ£
Ȼ䣬ƿԵʱǵĿ⳯ȥ
ȥǣʵ
ǵģ
ף¶֮ɫΣʼնԼˣ㡭ҲǵǵΣ𣿡
ҡ
ԣľضſЦһ£ҲգȥɣǴûйֹʱӭûǿȥԸ¶

ȴʲôû˵ֳʾһ£˲ʧŪһͷˮ˵Щʲô


1961 Կ
첻Ҳˡ
Ψ˼˫΢΢Щ˸ֻϧû˿
ܿ죬Ļ£ҼǰУѪħȴԽСڴڼ䣬ͶľȴǱˣټϼλ̫ϳΧϾǸղŵıֵȷʮ־ˣоֱǱһƵġ
ȻڴҵɻɣͶľؾûӦֻǲϵ˶˸ΪҲûа취׷ʣûžľƺͶľȥʣľҲûж˵ô
ʮʮ֮ͣϤĻɫһ˲ص˼㡣
⡭
˿Цѡ
ȻǾȻ·ˣ߻ص˸ղڵλã
Īʲô󷨣
˵ɻУ컺ǰϸ۲ܵһУȻȴ
ܿ죬ͶľҲڿգΧĺȴһ˼ӡ
ϵôˣ
ǣС֣ǰʵ
֮ҲвΪôΣûش𣬶Ƿʵ
ҿʲô󷨵ĺۼҲûֱ˵

º룬ЦΪǻںöɣ
ţ
ôԣʱһ
󷨵ĲãҪʲô𣿲ֻҪƿ󷨵ҪأۣԼ
Ȼÿһ󷨵ĹܲͬҪҲвͬ
֮ϵҪľպҪصĻȻֻϽбã󷨲óɹ
¾ΪľŹХҲˡ
ϵ㵽˵ʲôֱ˵ɣЦ

ʱ򣬶ľȴЦӯӯָǰռ䣬֪󷨣°Ϲʱֻ࣬˵ǳԵģȴڿռ䣡򵥵˵󷨾ǿռ䣬ռ󷨣ܹںһ𣬲Ƕ컯󷨣
ռ䡭
˼ʱ˻Ҳ׷¶һ˼ӣЩףȴҲⶨһʮָĻ⣡УҲá
˼˵ܵĿռһ󷨣֮ǰһУ󷨵У

ľЦŵͷⷽ棬ΪҲֻ΢֪һѣȥɣ
˵䣬ľЦָָĿҲ֮ȥϵ
Կ󣡡
֮ɫĻ󷨾Կ󣡲ߣʹ˲ƣûа취뿪

Щİ⡮Կֻͷһ˵ǰܿκε伮Ȼû󷨵
ԿʵҲ㲻̫£
΢΢һЦ˵ɲǣȴǶȻɫ˲䣬ľһ̧ͬ׳ͷȥ
һֱħ֣ħܵǾſҫĻħǣ
ΧĻ˲·̹һ㣬ڳһ˲鲻ԽĽ˺ü
ô£
㿴ңģȴɫ
ͶľؽһȴҲͬʮֲ⣬ֱ仯ƺԿ󷨱仯֮С
ħ¡
ۣطǼ֮ǰͬмɽʱձ仯ƣ˵һģһˡ
Īǣħطɹˣǻʮ𣿡
һɫѿѡ
ǳɹһ̣
ҡҡͷְ֣֮ǰ˵ħطʩչҪһռΪģȻѪռûĻӦѪռռ໥ںϣһںϳɹħطɣǸʱҲͻΪѪռһĻˣ

ЩʱĬԶԡ
Ͷľȴͷͬ˵ָôأ
ˣڻʲӵԿأ
ȲЩˣ
ڰ֣ҪҪ뿪󷨣Ȼʱһ˭Ҳұ֤᲻ٳ⣡ʵϵ͵ˣȫתԪֿڵħܲǿӦûжѶȡ
ϵ˵ףҪôЦ
óĵط֮һ֮𣿡
ʵú룬һܹ뵽취ģ
ң
ԶʱЦãͶľɫͷ㣡
ְ֣һԵģһȭͷʮ㡣
ҲǲӣȻҪǣûǴʧ
һΣҲȻ⡣
ðɣԣ
ϲã֮ͷ
ҪǣԿҲżĺ棬ܹԭô˵ԺҲдá
ٴڿգȴ˾ȵֱӱ˫ۣ˲侹˵ĸ֪ʧƵģܹ۾Ļ´Ҷǰţͬɮ붨Ƶġ
·һЩֵı飬ȫ֪ܿռб仯¼Ϊϸ΢һ㣬ûӹĸ֪ͬʱҲвϵ飬һĿܡ
Ȼ´ǰܲϽ׵ʵ
صʵܹһ󷨵ıԵҪƾһ֮Ƴȴǳ˵Σ
ȻҲܿΪʧİ̾һ»˫ۣΡ
˵˼е֮ʱҲ׷ףɵһҲ̾ѡ
ôû취컺ľҪ룡
ʵʼǲһЩ
ЦңռڲǸԵĴڣѰ󷨣¾ٸӣҲӲеķ룡ԿֻһԵҪȴǧѣ

һ˻ľضʱЦãûȥ󰡣ֻҪ취ܴܲ˳ˣ
󡭡
ȻԼԭţǼˡ
ΪǵƵʲӵԿá
ٿ
˶˵һкʱٴڿգܿһν뵽ֹž޲״̬
ҲҺڴ˴ʲôΣգܲǼһҲ֪ЩʲôҪĸ֪󷨣Ҳ¡
֪䣬ʱѾȥ˽ӣɱĿڰգǿͷ˿˿亹ðԼ˫ʶƵ裬¶ҪΪǲ˯أ
үү̡
ʱüΪʲôҪôȰְ֣ѵǾͲԶ𣿡
ƺͶľضܹ뿪ʱĻȴǴֲ
Ժӣ㻹С
ľסС֣ҲûĲְ˵ҪģܹһĻΪмЧİɣɵѾͷвԵĻ̺үүֵģ
˶ľصĻҧҧȴҲûٶԣֻ̧ͷϣ죬зŨŨڴ֮ɫ


1962 ʦͽ˲أ
ҲǺһڴ
ûһ˳ߴ٣Ψ־ŵ˼һ㡣
ľϵܰ
ȴײײľƵļ򣬵һŮôŰԧأҿ㡭
û˵꣬ľƱûһֹۣĻ
ҵϹˣвУ
ͻʸ˵ЦУľ̾ʵضǱ˵ӣҲܲʹ죡ֻȻܹžˣҺãضû̫ңȻҵʹȥˣ
˵ϸ磬Ҳ˵˼Ҷľϸˣ
ʸ֮ҺͶľ嶼һи̾һʸңΪİæܷܷѾͷҲû취ɳ˵ǿɶһʸĶţ
˵Щʲô
ڰ֣֦ͬϧԼҺؼȴҺط񽣶ˣֻҪܹѪ£۷彫һܹؾۣ

ϸ˵ļǣ
Ļ£ľƺͻʸͬʱףԵҲ˼ֶڽڴ
ʱ۷Ȼȷ֦ͬȴҲ໥ݣ
ĳ֣Լ໥忪ʼ峹ױ
ڵǣ˹֣ԼҺؼҵı𣬲λԼÿˣˡ֦ͬĸֵ壡
壬ѾദͬһƵģҲң
˵ע⵽ûУ
УʸѾͷһҹ֮䳤ˣһǶ֪飡˵᲻ĳλϹŴܵת֮壿
⡭
ԣľƶһۣȴʲôû˵
Ҳ˼ͬĲ²⣬ڵô£Ҳûȥ룬Ͼܹ֪ģҲʣԸ˵ѵȥǿбʲɣ
ϷԿʹϷûУ
ʱܲЦд˵ûй֮УȴҲڳѪĤ񶼱̴Ƶģʹ಻ѡ
ʦǿ϶ΪܹѪħܹӮǣǳ˵Σ
ܲĻɽµ֮ǳŪ벻м
ܲɽ£
ڰлֱкâ˸ĳǰȥɱʮ㡣

Цٴ׿⣬ܲɽʦͽһһҵĻֶѪɫӰԵüΪɭ
ͬʱܿռ䶸ȻȻһռ֮ƾճ֣޾ķϢеһħº;ſħǸܵ˼Ӱ죬ɢ֮ղŸɭϢ
Ϸ˵ȵ֮أ
󣬰ܲҲûֹɻصǰͦŲѵĵڣϷ·ɽ°Σ
һƾʦԸͽĪҲӣɽʱӦ
ã
ܲһЦЦֹܿסֻѪʢɿܿռ䣬֮ǰֳĿռ֮з׷Ѫӿ֣һѪħƵģǺ֮Ȼڳ˾ɫ䣬·ѪҺתЩܿƵġ
ָоܲ·ʱᱻ
ЩԾ
üͷ壬ӣܲǽԿ󳹵ˣӦûûвĵطԸǶСһЩɣǧ𡭡
ȻĻո˵ȴǶȻ䣬ЩѪɫĿռ֮мٳϮȥ˷ȫ˴ܹĵ·漴һҺʵϲľһ֮УɲǼ㱻Щռֱ֮ɱκλ֮
вʥصˣ׷˲䵱
һĻһ߶ռѪеʱһȴĿѣ޲ʱȥܲɽʬΣ
ôһռѪеĹƣɱ˼ߵٶˣʹܿռ̱ǵѪϢ¾Щ֮˻֣ȴȲ˶ˣԿУǰܲǿʵѹ£ǵ򶼸޷ʩչ
ڣѾһսʱ򣡡
һ۵ϵ裬֣ܲܳ
⻰Ͷľһ˫ǾЩ֪λش
ģ浽һ̣һֵģ
ľǻص죬ȴʲôû˵
ã
֪ԼĸЩ仯ҿ϶ԼйأµȴҲûжʣĬĬ׺󣬱㳯ط˵ӣ֣ܲսɽ£
ܣ
طԥĵͷҲˡ
ȻҲף˵ġսӮɱʱ䣡
Ͼ֮УʱᶯֵľأֻʵǿҲֻܹȥ԰ܲ
ͺŮҲĦȭƣΪǿһ۵ԵʣǷ׷ֳĬƺ˼Ƶģ˵ɫЩȴҲòô
ְ֣Һͽǻ㱣ôҵģԥ˵
õģ
۽һ۸ĸЦԴŶԼҲҪСģְֿɲʧȥôһɰŮ
ţ
صͷ
ǣ
컹׼˵ʲôʱǰܲһȣܵĿռѪбٴϯ
״ͺŮԥ֣ס˲ٵĿռѪУҲһǣȻѪе̫࣬ƾҲȫȵˣҲ֮ˡ
ˣʧأת˲ʮ˵
ϣ
״кâһȳ
ã
ط˵ͷͬʱڿգǸԵٳɽڵλϮȥ
ƾǣ
ӭܹʮˣɽһĨмطǽΧһָ鷳
ƾǣ
طһȻɫâʢӰ콣ֶͬʱԵҲ׷ӡ񽣵ĳڤľıˮǹԼʸö˵Ľޡ
ʱ䣬ڰɫâ𣬱ޱȺ˵ơ
Ȼɽһмӣֻ˫˼أǸ߰ӣԼ﷭
ͬʱ̫ϳҲˡ
طǾϴεȻųǵʵ̫ϳǺԼλãȫһطǹӣȻͬҲȫ˿С
ʮһļս˲Ǳ
һԣѾɵ˰ܲǰƾնɫ䵽˼㡭
죬ΪϷĶ֣
ܲЦſڣѪЦ벻м
벻ǣ˲֪
Ʒǣǧý죬ӳʱŭ飬ĽҲԽ͡
һսչ


1963 ɽ£
ԿУܺȻӿĿռѪУ֮ղʮһ󲻶ϺХƿ֮ԵüΪ
īơٻŮټ𡢻ʸԼľλողԼʵǿʥ򣬶׷׽֣һ治øԵĹƵֵЩռѪеĹһȴҲڲϾʵϵ͵ǣȻˣռѪпνǼ룬Ҵȥ˼Σ
ڸĸ׶ľأҲǺȻ֣֮УҲֻܹƾʵٵĿռѪȫ£ûǼչơϾǱˮнԾż˵Ĳҽ֣μֱҲѡ
ۡ
ܲͬʱȴҲڲ˼Ź󷨵һС
ɣܲȴûи̫ʱ䣬ЦһȻ֣޲ý£飬Ѫ֮
죬
ܲУ˲仯һѪ⼱Ϯգ۱ǰޱȿֲѹ
úá
Ȼ壬ǧý佣ж㿪ܲһк󣬱һʮֵĽǶȣֱ丹
һǴУܲ㲻Ҳˣ
ȻϲļһϽ׵ʵ˵ķ棬¶Ѿ죬˷ĹȻΪ꣬ܲԾʮɵĲεתչơ
ѪӿУ·챻ѪһѪˮȲݣ
һһļսȴԽѸ٣·עЩǣͿκһ׼ȷӰֻܿһâ˸ƣԼһڶ
֮һݣǾǼңޱȵļң

һߣɽ´˷ȴͬ˼ս˵һʮԾɲκ·硣
ΧȦγ֡
طˣʹóǿĹƣڰֹâѤУ·𽫴˴ǽսλãȾһͷ׵磬Ψǲ˸ΣԼӣټطʱʱƺߣսּҳ̶ȣŪ֡
һȦȴǷֱ쾣ԣľ֣ʸԼرλ̫ϳռݡ
ʵȻطǶȲȴʤľ飬״ʱսطΪλ̫ϳȴʱעżսƾǶľĵãȴץסʱΧطǵĹƽв䣬ܹʱʱչɽµ͵Ϯ
ɼˣܹʮŬɽȴһ벻мӣȫûнǷС
ȥУԲУ
ط۾˸һ£ǲˣ
ô죿ڼǼһķƲˣüɫʮء
ֺƴˣ
ľŭ˫ۣһͲţɽĻ޵У
ʸʸܷܷȻû˵ȴҲͷͬ
˵ıȥҵһս
ʱ򣬽ܹȫԸˡ
Ҳط˵뷨ٿһԶѪܲս󣬷׷׵ͷʾͬ⣡
Ȼ˷ԾطΪԼΪ
֣
˲ٶԣطһӰڰɫʹ⣬Ǿֱת˲γĵ޴Ĺһ㣬һֲӿ
Ӱ콣ڤˮǹԼޣִޱȴ۵Ĺâ˴ѪɫһӲıƿչֳҪذơ
⻹е˼
ɽ¸о˵ı仯ɵ΢΢һ̣֮ǰʮɢϣȴǿʼѪӿѪâΪģȻγһ޴Ѫɫܿռ֮ӳ£˲γǿƵ̬Ĵ󴫳ܵ˼谭ѹȡ
ƣ
ӡͬʱһȡ
ಡ
ʱıſռĲǸרɫĿž޴ƵģɽλüϮȥ
Ѫɫ֮Хգ۱Ĵ󴫳ײһ𣬷ֲĺȻĽռ䶼·ܲסֹϮһĲϲ
ӣƺƽɫľ桭
ɽµɱ飬طɫЩףȴγĶԱȣ
ֵˣ
һԵλ̫ϳȴ׷ףޱ¡
ߣ
˲ԭʧ˲һ㣬һֵ̳ʱȴѾɽ΢һЩ
ৡ
ԥģ˹ȫҪǮƵԪתǸǿĹȫó޾ƿ֮ɽº󱳺ȻϮȥ
Ѿ͵Ϯˣ
ʱĴңȴûںЩ
ֻҪܹɽ˵͵Ϯ֮Ļ¾һһҲں
ǿĹ˲伴ɽµȷû뵽̫ϳϻ͵Ϯ֮١
ڴʱ˹ƼɲǣɽȻʱӦĳˣǰ󱻼е£ȴܵһĴˡ
˲٣ѪҲ˺üҲҿ˵üʱȻǰйУ㲻Ҳˣ
ǡ
ȴ֮ɽµͷһԼٴ̧ͷɲǣѾ˫ĿѪ죬ŭݣ֮ǰƽм̬ȣֱˡ
񲩵ƷѪӿ·ܹطĹ֮һ㡣

ɽſ촽³һ֣
ζȻڿն𣬴޾ѪɫĹâ񲩵˲㳯طʮ˼ֶȥ
ţৡһɽ´Ӹ߿и£ΧӿѪ⾹ǿֳһħͷĴڣһĵĹУһǣһҪһײ
ã
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ҪˣѾˣ
ȻҲˣǾȫֵɣ
ʮ֮ѵֵס
ɲǼ䣬ʮ˼ûʲôĽȫվŲͬλãͼǿзֵһЩɽµĹơ

ɽһŭЩѪɫħͷϮҪʮѪһ㣬չֳޱ̬
أ
ء
һ룬Ѫɫħͷʮ˵ķ̬ݺײһ𣬱һУطǽŲˣɫΪ䣬ڸҲܵ˼ĳԵüΪǱ
ȻЩѪɫħͷҲܣӿɱнɢ

һ˲䣬ɽ²ЦȻ˼ûסεɲǣѪһͬʱʮʵ͵رƣȻһƺߣǱĿѪس·׹ضȥ
ӡ쾵˾æ˲ȥ
Ȼû
ɽ¼״Щ΢漴ȴҪٴ׷ȥǿɱȻһ˲䣬طֱɽµǰȻ


1964 Ǭ֮䣡
ɽ£Ķǰǣ

漴ϽʢɲǱóѪ񻯣׸ߵ˲֮࣬һ㣬վԵطˣͬСƵġ
ԼҵѪ񻯣
ɽ۾˸һ񽣣͸㣡
ɱͿûˣ
һЦ漴̤ĲգֳǱͬʵʵĳڤ̩ɽѹƵĳɽ¿ȥ
֣
طҲԥֱռ򣬽֮ı໥ţչ˶ɽµһֹơ
ʱ·ϣرѪֹиԵѪͬѪҵǷɽµһȴرǿŤתһӣȻڵ¾ͲֻѪֹôˣס
ɼˣرˣʱҲ޷˶֣
ӣȺúϢ
Ϊι뼸ŵҩ˵İֹסѪŽһãľȽˣģɽ½ձ
صģ
ر˵ʱ˵Եôѡ
ģֻ㣬ܵĳҲҪһˣ
кâһ쾣ľֻлʸһͬٴڿգ˲ɽµսţ
Ȼǵļ룬ɽ´˷Ŀ֮УռϷ磬Ǿ˽ˣһ±˵ˣԼᲽ֮ǰĺ󳾣
һҪİ
·رһһָһϿеһУ֡
ʱǱߣ޾ͷƵĿռѪйϮУҲһһ˲¾ŮԼͶľأټλĳ֣κμȷ̫һЩټ֮ռѪ޴ڣʧ޷ױ⡭
ǱߣһƬѪУܹѪĳϫӿ֮⣬رƵĿǸ߰ܲĸۼֻа
Ʒˣ
رЩʱһӰȴǺȻԣе
㣬Ǭ
ˣرƶʱһ飬ǿ˵ӣŸվôҲɱҵģķԸɣ
ƷˣǷ㵽д˽٣ʶ¹ҩ
Ǭгһ˸߲ʹεĵҩ˱ǣһ֪ȻǷƷ
ǡβ쵤
ر۾һ漴ȴߵôģβ쵤ĿǱҪҪң
Ʒ˲Ҫô˵ҲпԵģ˻¸һ仰˵ˣ仰ҪĻҲǿѡ񣡡Ǭ
Ŷʲôرߵ
壬֦ͬһǬӦ
һ
رԻ󣬵漴ȴȻ뵽ʲôһùβ쵤ιˣȥҪļǵ仰ͱˣ
߲ˣ
ʱǬرƹҪ뿪ʱȴһǰ
ǰܲ
켤սôȻڴ
ǬôĹ
ܲһ֣һ˲סǬĲӡ
֣Ȼ޵ֿ֮ǬҲ޷Ѱܲơ
ˣҡҡ
Ǭ϶Ŀڡ
Ǭס֣
β쵤رƣһ˲ƾȻ˴룬ǰΣȳ

ܲͷһۣ˲ǣǽرֱʮüٴڷܵ³Ѫ
ǬǬϷһС㾹ȻŴϷԣΪϷɱ𣿡
رƺ󣬰ܲѪӿֱӵǬȫǬϰģԾ޷ֹֻĸоѪⲻϱɣԼҲۿɼٶС
ܲס֣
һڣͻѪδӸ߿Ϣ£ŰܲĺǿϮ
رƣܲԲںȴǲȻ
ܲǼǬѪ⣬ôضҪǿֲĹƣܲаȫ£ȴҲضȥ˺
ΪһǬԼˣǰܲ˽Ըģ
ۿĹƼܲɫ΢ĽǬڵϣ˲ԭʧɹ㿪Ĵ˴ιơ
ϣô
ƣǬͬδرơ
һУ춼ȻҲǬת䣬ĳƺҲ˼־ء
ȿȡһãҡ
ǬֿɬԼЧҵĶȴǳɱԼ֣ŴҪԸˣȴ˾ˡ
ת䣬ǬֻΣȴҲ˼ֺڣڶǰѬģ
үү
ʱӰԶٶǱڰ˵ЩռѪеٻҲǰٻá
Ȼǰ̡ļʵȻǰǬŮõ˼࣬ɱϾҲүһټûǬĻһԻָ
Դ˷ŮĹģҲȫǳġ
ٻ
˷ŮǬʮֻϲȴǷĵǸ⣬үүǲүүĴˣǡԭүү𣿡
ããүүǲ㣡Ĳ㣡
Ůͷ
ܹǽúͺãүүĺܿģȿȡǣүүҲû취ˣ㡭ԺҪúõĸ٣үүˡĴˡ
˵УǬԽԽͣ澹ֱӻ˹ȥ
үү
ŮһҲæԪǬڣȴ졣
ţܲľٶѾǬȫߣ֮ԻܼЩʱ䣬Ϊһǿгţڼٻ֮ˡ
ԹǬһϾѾȡ
̾ҡҡͷὫǬڵϣŮѾȥˣǽڰ
үү
Ǭ
ŮرͬʱʧУǱ
ȴûע⵽ǬȻһ£ᣬַȼ˿ɼ
˭Ҳû뵽ǬȻַʽȥ֮ǰһԼ֮ǰĻȴҲй۲٣Ǵ˴طԣ컹ĻԸ⽫ᡭ
ܲ
ٻ̧ۣŰڿϷİܲҧгݡ
ס֣
켱æŮǰǲĶ֣ϵ壬ȥң
١
ĻŮ۾һģҪ
ôҵģ۵
ǣ٣
ȻŭҲΪԼãԺܿӦǬصԣרĵĵֿЩռѪС
ʱٴڿգǰܲƽλãޱֶܲοǶ񶾰


1965 ˣ
ϷֶΣͲˣ
ĻܲЦϷպյаҲô
ɱң
оܲЦеɱʼ磬ǲôҶʲô壬ʲôУһУûУеֱֻ䣬֡ҸˣҲҪ˸ҡĲ̣

˻ĳ֣ܲſЦ
찡죬˵㻹̫һ㣡
Ц֮󣬰ܲĵҪɱϷôɣϷҲټʶʶλаֶΣ
һ㿴ģ
˰ܲһۣ˲ڿգܲ
֪С
ܲмһƲ죬ɲǼǱٴν뻹δȫɢѪ֮Уµһּս֮ٴչ
Ǭڡ
رƺһ
ɫӵĿһٻķ漴ĿһĨâ΢뿪սһЩѡһ΢ȫĵطĿרβ쵤ĵЧܵƣڴʱۿɼٶȲϻָţɴҲԿǵҩľ޴Ч

ڽޱȼҵսһߵĳԺС
һķϥʱǰȴһ͸ӰӰģòڳĻ𾪵ķ֣ǱˣǸղΪ׶ϾɵǬ
ˣҡô
ǬԵƮƮģ϶һĻ˵
ˣ
ûлش𣬷ʵ
򣿡
Ǭģ˼ȴǺܿһЦǰˣ⻹ҪлˣȻҿͷʲôҪģ
Ǿͺãô˵Ҳֵˣ
Ҳ΢΢Цţ漴ȴһ̾ɫ˲Ϊӡ
ˡ
Ǭ
֪ʲô𣿡
ڻعЦڰܲĹУûܹȴǸ⣡֪Ϊʲôô
˸֪

ǬǾİδš
˵һϹаҰиĽˣ
ڻҸĽܹ꣬˴ЩѪɫҲᱻ֣ܲ¸ܻˣ
Ƿ˵˼ǡ
Ȼ䣬ǬЩǱģ꣬˿ҲԽ
̫ˣȻܵӰ죡
ָһܵûǬڣ˲䰲١
ƿ𣿡
漴кȻһɫƿҾƿԸκ˵̽飡úʱˣԻΪˣ
ǣǣлˣ¸м
ˣϻˣɣ
һ֣Ǭ㻯һ̶ֱƿڣӡַƿڷסպá

˫ָߵѪɫܲʣ̾ҵҪˣԲλҵˣȵˣ˭ܾأҲаɣ
վһλУܿ㳹ʧ

أ
һֱֲ壬ȻһѪ³ķˡ
˵ĹУֲܿѪӿ·Ҫ쳹Ƶġ

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ô죿
ܲͻȻ֣ĺƣǳ㻹ϷΪУϷ򲻹֣ܲס飬ϷѪ֮Ϸ򻹿ֻأ򡭡
Σ
ЦҪͲˣ
ôʶȤǾͱϷˣ
ܲкâһֻ֮УѪȻӿϣٵڰܲǰֳһѪɫʵһɢޱȯ}˵ĺâܿռĲϲռ䶼ܲסѹȣӶƵġ
ȥ
ܲһӣбâǿƿյ첻Ϸ˵μٱƽҪһɱơ
ǿ
ɫ˲䣬оܿռǿƷ
ƽն
˼Ȼֹס޴â˲ϢܷƵľŶƣѪɫâӭ˹ȥ
ƾ
״ܲһĨмӡɲǣѪɫâٶȶȻչֳֽҲԽ
ϡ
Ȼ䣬һĺ촫ǾŶͬʱըռѷĳ֡
ȻȴǼѪɫâֻѪ΢һЩĳȴѸݵٶȣϮȥŪʱΪɫ䲻ѡ
𼼡ս죡
죡
𼼡裡
룬ȳԪҪǮƵķתŷ
ʱХצʱΧռ࣬ԼҲæˣȴĲٿ£һ˦βĳѪɫâӭȥ
һܵһжһȫͣסеĹ߶ȫƵġ
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ţѪɫâݺݳһ𣬶ʱŻصĿֲΧһкȻĩһ㣬֣
ôܣ
Ȼһ룬ȴɫ䣬ɫ԰ֽ̲סһѪ
飬Լ飬ҵĲУâķɻصڣѪɫâȴƿռƵģٶȸΪѸ͵ĳλϮȥ

쾪ۿѪɫâκηӦˡ
ռ似λӰ
ӡѿڶ
ʱαԭʧʹѪɫâĹڿմ
ռ顭
ۣܲ޾̰
ϷôƳ
ܲһƲ漴˫ӡһѪɫâ»Ѫܿռ䣬ʱܵһжٴγֳһƬѪɫӿŵĿռ֮Ҳˡ
ռ似Ȼ棬ȴԾӲռķ룡
ڰܲĲٿ£ѪɫռǿƼѹڽʱ䣬ȵ첻òֳΣɾոֳε˲䣬һѪɫâڵλüϮȥ컹ûüסΣٴ޴ΣС
ۡ
֪Ѿ޷һҧǿг˺üâĳ˽ǳ֮ٴηˡ
һΣȻˣ϶˺ü͸Ѫɫ԰ֽʧȥ˽һսһѪƵģֱҲ̶á
ܲȴûоʹֵͣ˼ĲٿУЩѪɫâٴϮҪĵɱơ


1966 ɱ
Ѫɫâٶɱ
԰׵ɫٴα˱䣬סε˲䣬ٴڱͲԪǿִ̹ǰʹ࣬Ȼٶٴ
ܣΣ
ܲɱһЩѪɫâٶҲ֮ӣ绯һѪɫâһ˲֮䲻ٵľ룬޾ƿ֮׺֡
ãģ
˿ڵ죬Щ˵ʱѾǿҵΣ֣Ѿоı١
ȴĹУڵѾóȫȴԾ޷ЩѪɫâıƽ֮ľ뻹ڲСôʱ˵죬ȴ벻ʲôõİ취
ˣ˵Ķȥ
ƴˣ
һҧͻأͣ
ΪܲڵĹƼģȻվ׿⣬ûʲôƽ˼ֻרĵĿЩѪɫâĹ
⣬Ҳδһᣡ
֪ܹסЩѪɫâĹƣܹڰܲûмһι֮ǰ˻΢ָһЩҪȶһƣôĶȥ
Ȼ˵ĲʲôĻᣬһǿȫĻᣡ
ҪɰܲȻʱΨһĽ޷Ǿ֣
ۿѪɫâٱƽһʱѹƣ뼸ŵҩʣµԪɫȻ˼㡭
ಡ
ѪɫâȻһƿ֮ϴ·İɭ
أ
âһӳԪϣֻáꡯͬײƵģԪûмְӱ㳹߽⣬ɲǼ䣬ѪɫâϣʱʮâȫΧۿҪ̳ɴ⬣µʱɶҲȲˡ
Ҳôȥܣ
ţϧԪ֪ĶȻðһȻһͺ˲ʹâʢγһʹ֣ӲĽЩѪɫâĹƵסǵٶȽ͵㡭
ۡۡ
ȻȻǵסˣֲֿĳȴ͸ʹֱֱϣҲ֧ŲסĽѪѪһƮɢʱϺѪɫ嶼Щƫƫ֮ǰ˵ǼѪȴǼĳѪ쿴ȥһѪƵģҲѣ
ְ֡
ԭڰ˵ܿռѪеȴʹһ˼ıԭʧһգۼֱԣ۵ˮҪǮƵķ
ֵĻᴥ˿ڣȥҡ
ģ
ɫ˲䣬Ѫɫâڲϳʹ֣΢Щ֮ʱʹ֮ǰǰ㱻ֱӳƣЩѪɫâϮȥ
׵ľ룬ֱ˲Ϣ
ɫ侪ɲǣȴ߲ʹâʢԭصȻǼ£ɢ߲ʹâֱӽ춼С
߲ʹâת£µǿУЩѪɫâȴǽڣͷ·ǱҽƵĲɢûٸȥκ˺
һĻһ漴ҲЩ֡
ûǣƺ˵ǰƳ͸ģڰܲǰǿƵĹУȻ޷ͻµķǰ˼ֺ棬ЩȲҪ֪ǰǺε
ĪǣĳλϹŴת
ϧڵ컹֪ʲôʱָܹǰأ
ľԣǰܲȴɫ˲䣬׵ľ˲ϢЩѪɫâȫ֮˫̰Ѫɫ˫ۣ£޲ھʹȥƵġ
ܲ㾹Ұְ֣Ҫ㡭
ʱȻ𣬻վĶȴ¶ȶ˲½˼㣬ʵһɱȻչֿ
⡭
쿴Щľ
⻹һΣܵŨɱʱֳģҪǿࡣ
ܲۡ
ϣƺ֮ǰһֱСôһСҪһ㣬ܲӴʱϣȻоһĪΣ

ȻܲȴܿĿЦǿ˹ܿ콫ĵΣȡ֮ȴŮ˸Ũɱ
ȫѪӿɲǣƷǣȽɢɱǿѹƻȥɵһµıڵҪֱӱѪˡ
òϣܲϽ׵ʵίʵ̫ǿˣ
ǣҪ
ܲѪйâ˸ɱ˲ٴ
ϣŪøŮɫ˲䣬챾ˣŪѪǱŬ֧µķûһȴ˼
ͬʱϣȻֳһĨ
ҲҪ챻ɱ
˷Σ˿Ҳɫ䲻ѡ

Ͷľؾȴԭزδƺڽͬʱȴڴʲô
λȴż֣Ϊ˰˵ЩռѪУǸ鲻
ڸ߿֮ϣɽսޱȼҵطˣҲ׷ֽκڴ˷սУͬ޷ֻڷŭıУͼӿɽµĹƣܹȥ
Ѫǿֱ֣ƵģֲܿѹѸչˣ¾ԶһЩˣһֽϢĸо
Ҫȥɣ
ľԥôȥĻĻģ
𼱣ٵȵȣ
ڰ֣üǳ֣ôʲôξ´أҪǡ
Ļδ˵ɶľȴ˲ɫ䣬ɵ̧գԵĺ
ǵƺɾܹȳƵģ
ѵչֳʵô򵥣
ס֣
תۣǼӹȥһȻմһӰֶǰ˲佫ܲɱȫֽ
ˣǱˣڣҲѪµ̫ϻ
ƶû°ɣڼæŮԪˣ֮Ա
̡
ҲЩ˸
ȴؽһ̡ĳƺԼ̬ʱз㾧ӨỨЩ̲ס
̣ǡ
üʵڵԪУܵƾȻۿɼٶȻָټ֮ľЧڼѾָ߰˳֮ࡣ
ֻǣ㲻ףڵվıߣΪҪȻ
ڣ
䣬ûڻشǰܲ㶸Ȼ𣬡ôĵӣȻϷԣ㣬ǲǻòͷˣ


1967 ڵˣѪ䣡
ס֣
Ȼ԰ܲʣȴδش𣬳¶ǰ΢Ц󣬶ȻڿնһɲǼһ㴫ܵһΪ֮Ƭռ䶼ּơ
ৡ
ΧЩռѪһ˲ȫʧͷ·ûֹƵģʧһ˵ȡ
ʱӸ߿ƮɶʮӰ
ɽ֮⣬ȻطˣԼλ̫ϳϡ
˫ʮǱӦǼսжûռԷʲôˣ
Ҳͬζطʮˡ
ʮ˼սɽһ˾档д˷ڵôսȥĻطʮ˻ĲһܹʤӮҲʧء
ʱٴξһ𣬶ľغæߣֹ֮ԽڣλҲ׷׳Ѿû˴󰭣ôҶĲ١
ʦ
ɽ»صܲ࣬е
ţ
ܲĻһ۳лµȥɽ°Ϊλ̫ϻҪʲô
ͽ֪
ɽҡҡͷоܲ仰еɱ漴ֵͽף̫ϻ˾ѾʦұҪ
Ŷ
ܲüëһǹճһߣΪʦɱ𣿡
ɽ½ףǲͻƲãȴн۷壬ȻƲ಻󣬵ֹر
ɽȥԸڣԼ
ȻɽȴκεĳɣһƾķԸ
ǺǣˣΪʦĲҲһ˵ѣǶ֣Ҳ˶õģ
ܲЦǺǵɽµļ򣬵
ʦԺ⣿
ɽһɰܲȴٴΰڰ֣ûйֻͣڵĿУ֮ࡣ
֮ڲûκһߣôƵվ˵мλãȹҡڣżֳʡ

״ľزɵ̾һȴʲôû˵
ڣ㵽Ҫʲô
ܲøϷҪȻϷ֮أ
ǺǺǡ
⻰ڷ¶һĨЦݣΪ֮ˣ
ʲô˼ܲüظоһ˿
˼
ʼ磬ĿȴǳǱȥͶľض϶һºջĿ⣬Цʵں֮ǰҾӦˣܹڣѾǺ׬ˣ
㲻һֱ֣ΪʲôҵǸռô𣿡
ڿһ죬΢ЦżҿԸˣǸռʵҵһĹأһѾ׼˺ܶĹأ
Ĺأ
˴˻ʱһ֡
Ҳ𺧣Ψľض˿ЦŶһۣһε̾
Ĺأ
ڿɬһЦŤͷܲɽȥǺˣ˫ʱ䣡󣬲ƴȥҲֹʱҲûֹ
ڿЦꣿߺߣܲߵ
Ƕͬ⣬Ҳû취ֻѡʱǾԲܲ㵱Σ
ڼԴ֮侹Ǵһ˿ĳ
ϷУûвˣڣܲص
ԣ֮Ƶģ
ʼ磬ȡᣬѡվǱߣŶˣбɱǬҲˣ
Ǭ㣬ϷҲƲŹܲǵ
Ǻǣһģģ
ЦЦ漴죬һɫâֱֱɳ֮󣬴ұһɫƿҲװǬƿ
ʲôΪʲôϷȻһûУ
ܲЩɫ䣬ʵ
ȴᣬ㱣ܣӦңԺлᣬΪˣ
ꣿ
ǵģ
ڵͷȴ˼ˣٴɣ
ã
Ҳûٶʣͷ㽫ƿ
ꡭ
ܲѪ˼ӣڵУɱȴǽ֮κʱ򶼸Ũ
ƺ쵽ʲôڵܲòԼ֣ҵܿͻʧˣ
̡
ɫ˲ľʶˣȻΪڹѪݶʮֲȴҲ׷ױʾ˼Ĳᡣ
ΪģҲǧѹҵˣ
΢Ц˵漴ͶľأЦ˵𣿡
ʵԲģԥһ£̾
Ǻǣڲ֮Ҳһô
ʼ磬һʮֲ⣬ȴˣֺγһֽѣҪǣмֵ
ֵƨ
ͻأģӰߵռٸ֡
һˣȻǻƣ
һĳ֣ȴ첻Щ΢ɫȹޱ欵δ
̣ȫ񣬱֮Ϊˣ
⣬쫷Īɽ΢˽⵽һЩأ̵ľݣȴһֱ֪֮٣
Ҳ˰
ĳ֣ڲȣЦ˿ӡ
ô
ûĵһֱ㣬û뵽صôãô͵ȥʹûУ
С㣬ҲʹȻˣҲǿ˵ģЦ
ƨʹȻ
һɣŤͷͶľȥȻӦȴֻһЦ񲻽ɫһ䡣
ĵȥɣֲǲˣת֮ȥԽȴЦǺǵĵ
ллҲҪȺܾˣ
Ц
ԣȴ˸Ϊ⡣
ͶľҲˡ
㵽Ҫʲô
ƺʲôԣͻȻʵ
ûʲô֮ǰһһֱûȥ飡
ڲȻһЦİɣһģֻʱܻЩ
£ͻأϾŲʹâӣǱȵǻƺ˽ˣŬҲ޷ٿһ
ã
ľƺ뵽ʲôȻɫ˲䣬ҪȥȴǱסˡ
Ҫ嶯ĽѣȴҲһĻԵ˵
ľһûжֻϳŲ̡
ʱ˿̣ѾŲʹâȫ֣ԵޱѤöĿüĴȴǽŵѪĳλͷϿգÿһѪ羧Ө͸ˮƵģޱȹϢ
Ѫ䣡
ľҧ˫ۣջ䣬Ǳˡ
ҾֻأѪ䣬
ῪڣبžԶǵħ
˺ȻĿ£ǾŵѪ˲ûܲüģ˲ʱɫ䣬ŭڣҡ


1968 Ѫ䣬սٿ
ڣҡ
ŭŭ𣬽ܲŭֵ쾡£Ȼȴûлᣬ˿̵һͷں㷢ѩףӸۿɼٶϻԭǷĽҲǷɿȥ
̡
״ʱ
ȥˣ
æסɫҲѿ
ϵ⡭⵽ô£ôǡǾѪֵʲôʵ

죬ʲôû˵ֻһ̾θ
ڣҪɱ㣬ɱ㰡
ŭţԹ
Ѫ䣬ɣ
˾첻ѵʱɫȻֳһĨ̬ĺΣ˫Ŀȳ
ʱ䣬ǰܲҲ֮ʹŭµѪɫâϷӿôһ˲䣬ܲʵǷ½ԭչֳĿֲЩѪ⣬ۿɼٶȽš
⡭
쿴Ŀɿڴ
ʦʦ
ɽҲɫ˲䣬͵Ťͷ㳯ڵλ˹ȥŭŮˣס֣
̡
쾪һҪٳѾˡ
ɽµٶ£ûȫ֮ʣѾǰ֮׷׾ΨͶľһƽǵ˫ŨŨ밧ˡ
ʲôô
ĳһɲǣֻɽ£˶Ƿ׷׵ɴ۾·𿴵ʲô˼һĻ
ûȷǺܲ˼飡
ɽ¸ոսӴڵ˲䣬ѾϻѾСӣֱӻ촷ڿƮɢʹɽµĹֱڿմ
ô£
𾪣͵ŤͷͶľȥףԼĸ֪Щ
ڣǺοأ
֣ҪֹڵĻƺˣȴҲε̾һһۺȴǷ׷׳ĬΨбôıˣôΡ
ɽʱҲЩ΢Ѫɫ˫ϴܣҲҲκڴڹĺۼΨǰܲʱ״̬ȴ˵ŷһвλá

ľغĿڽеʱһ飬Ͻľء
ʱˣ׷˶䣬ϸš
Ѫ䣬ֻ԰ܲ⹥ۣǾ޷ֻسˣ
ľ̾һԵãȴǷӡܲɵʵҴһʼֻͶ̥֮󷽿תΪˣ
򵥵ȴչһŵĻ
ԼΪۣǲ̫һЩ
ʲôˣѵǵҪ̲֮Ͷ̥𣿡ǿסе𺧣ʵ
һ̾˶
ľҡҡͷͱôˣѪҲǲɽ⣬һжҪϣ
ңһ
㣡
ľףʮֲĿУĿڵְ֣֪ˣֻ飡ֻҪҵֻ飬ͿԾȻ̵ģ
ĻľĬĬͷ
ȴΪЦ˫̯Ҳ밡ֻһϢûУҪҵʲôʱ򣿡
ҪԼĻԵˣ
ľ΢Ц˵
ڣҪѪ£
ʱĵȥɣ˷̵һ⣡
ã
ԣʱۣŤͷǰڲŭƺһеİܲȥǰδеɱ֡
ܲ
һʱֱֽܲϮȥ

ʱܲȴͻأĿЦڣΪþѪסҵʵҾͻ𣿸㣬ҰܲʧܣԶᣡ
ϡһ칥ѵ
ֲܲ˲ٴ켤սһ
һɲǣúòֱ֣ӷ֮ϣλⲻ϶ײ˿ۻңֻڶһּ֮С
ʦ
ɽɫ˲䣬ʵɵİܲĶ֡
ȻҪʱȴĶһʲô϶ʱ¶һĨޱЦݣʱʮӰգۼǽǰҵİΧ
ɽ£ĶǣطֱֳӰ콣
ֵʮӰطˣԼ쾵λҲ֮ǰսɽµǣ
һģ
ɽѪкâ˸طҪ֮ʣɽȴǺĳգ۱λõ֮ϣѪɫâʢգ۱㽫ܿռȫôҶһ񺿰ĲҽС
ô£
˱ɫ䡣
Сģ
λ̾ͺŮҲǷ׷׼ܹӦʱпֵܳĸΣա
ŴŴš
ɽµĶѪٶȸ˲٣ܿռԭЩռѪУȴǱһѪӰһɲӣ˷צĳȥ
ٶȼ죬ռƵգʧ˲֣޿ɵֵƬ̼кü˱ѪӰѪոɾһ߾߸ʬڵϣǺһ㷴֮

һĻɽ¹Цѣĵͷ촽ѪĲЩѪӰԼƵġ
ѩƣȥɣ
һĨâԥѩѩʨĴСֱ˵˸߿գһգۼкüѪӰѩֱ˺鿪
СߴҲ
״Ҳ漴Сߴųѩһ֮ͬϲչȴ˼䲻ЧòԼߵ˵õ໺ʱ䡣
ɽ´ʱɫֱѣȴҲδ˵
ߣǸûиٶ˵߶ʲôĻᣬطʮ˵ĹȻƽɽ²òˣʼطٴμսһ
ܵ˸ղڲʩչѪԭ򣬴˿̵طǸһֱȫ񽣡ľͻʸˣ˷ȫ˷һǱеĹóһʱ֮佫ɽ±ȵĽˣҲռһϷ硭
棬Ȼǽ쾵ˣҲǾ֮ǰ໥ս֮ﵽһĬ̶Ȱɣ
Ȼô˵ɽ±ʵʾ磬֮κһ˶ǿ٣ʱռϷ磬һɽ»عôȴǵĿ¾ͽһӲҵĶսˡ
սչ˿̵ȴѪӰУ޷ȥע˾ǣľءԼ˸ȴǰȫĽҲ֪ЩѪӰô£ȻҿڷԲ֮ڡ
𣿡
ʵ⻰ȴʮֹŹ֣³ĸ֮⣬Ҳֻˡ
ǣȴҲǣ
ʼ磬ģػص
ƫƫƺĬĬͷ·ʲô漴ȴЦ㻹ǷŲģ
ԣһ̧̾޾գ˫·ܹһƵģޱ䣬ǿհ嫡


1969 İܲռ
Ĳ
ѪƷһУƺȻʵ
ȻʵĶֻͶľء
ҵǺ룬Ͼ̫ˣ
ľؿЦһ£漴ûĳȥһɺˣߣҪĳʲô⣬ҿô죡
ˣƣ
ڰ֣ǲҲһ֣ǶҲΪģĵ˱زʱ򡭡
ˣû˵꣬ջط֮ϵĿ⣬ǸʱҲԼʹȻǲ֣ܳȻǺ
ǲȥҿԣ
ûôĹ˼ɣֻһССĽ¹ѣ
ơ
⻰ͶľؾǿЦѡ
ڴ˿ԣȴһִϵ㲻ض˵㲻ΪҲҪΪǣҿɲô꣬ջ޷һžۣ
ҪҲһɡ
̽ԵĵɻӦȴһۣһ㣡ΪҲ֪Щ굽ЩʲôΪ޷죿
ðɺðɣȥͲȥɣ
ҧҧҲôңһΣһܹɹ
Ҳڹǣ
Ůһۣסľص|ģֺ̾γϣܹɹҪȻǴڵʲô
԰û뵽ʵǱøԶȻĸ׼Ȼ¶һĨĽ޵Цݡ

СŮ˰ӣǾһЦ
ȻܰǾͰǣΣ
ľغĵЩ΢ɲǣƣһͬЦֱûͷϷѪӰ֮УչһѹԵɱ
Сһ
ľ֣ѩʱԹԵķɵߣɶľıϡ
СһþòҲ㵱ˣȻܳɳڣ
ľѩƵԴѩͷᡣ
ˣǶְɣշһһҲų
𡭡
˶ľصĻѩʱצƽ֣֮һʵʵХУٳߵѪӰٷȥһһĽɣֱΪЩѪӰĿǣ
ľٶɵÿЦһ£漴ü˿ѪУܲս죬һԥ漴ʲôƵģһҧѪӰ֮УͬչǿƵɱ¾
˾٣ŮһЦȴҲδ˵ʲôԳŲͬɱȥЩѪӰɱĽҺɥ֮ȮƵĴҷɣҲղų֮ʱ

ء
ѪУȴҲԵЩǱ
˿̵İܲȻΪľѪԵʣʵɣɱϽʵȴԾһеƣʵ¶Դﵽнס
Ͼ˺棬ÿһεʮּѣҲǷǳġ
˵ʾˡ
أ½ɵĻҲصʵϾѪԵĲΪ磬Ϊʵ
ܹΪ½ɣôܲϽ½أҪԸҲʲô£
Ȼǲܵģ
ûֹѪ䣬ܹﵽֵز
ΣİܲȴǽڵķŭȫйϣȫûκαʩչֹƣʹƴȫȻŪʮǱΪβ쵤ָ壬ҲٴζһѪڡ
ڵ죬˵ĳܷΧ֮ڣ
֮ܲǰǰ޵УܹһЩӮϣȻΪãĵȷȷҪ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ҲһֱôŬֵԭ֮һ
ϡ
˼£ǧýն¾ڰܲϣЩ΢٣͹֮⣬ûʲôõЧ
ܲ˷ıȴҪ쳹ɱڴ˵ļƣһ˫Ѫ˸ҰѪĹâ˲ѡ
ƽȵ֮ĹڽĲһʱУͷβһ飬ɳ˸ܲȥһЩ˺ۣԼڸһЩ⣬ûʲôõЧ
죬Ϸɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
еϷԿʲô㣿
ƾ㻹ϷѪ£Ҳ򿴿䲻䣡
Ǹ˾Ѫ䣬ϷڵʵҲԽ죬ֱܣ
ڽļսУƺǱġ֡ˣܲΪŭţһ˫Ѫŭ֡
ȴᣬڼ˸֮УŬѰŻᣬܹ˰ܲĻᣡ
ڰܲĴ˷ŭУʼձƽδܵһ˿Ӱ죬ҲԽðܲŭݣڵһץס죬޲Ѫˣ
ʱ䲻ϵţת۱ǲһʱȥ
ϵ˺ԽԽ࣬ΪʼձżԵʣҲûһ˺̫أҩľ˫£Щ˺ۺܿԻָȴҲףôȥһľԪʱڰܲķ񹥻Уؽ֮أ
ƫƫʼѰҲõʱҲֻܼôȥ
ȻڽĳһɲǣȻܿռѸͲ˻ûӦ֮ǰΧռͬƵĽѷ죬һһģȥôЩռѷкХĺ磬Ǵ̹ǰı䣬ò˽˼
⣬ǿռװ
Ѫռ䣬һֱȶôȻأ
˲⣬ͶľضЩüͷ΢塣
ʱ˽ŲݣΨһĺôЩѪӰںХнҽűռѷ֮Уڴ˿ܹ԰ȫ
ٿ䣬ڴҶʮֲʱ򣬺Ȼ֮ϣһħڷ⣬ܵľſǵΧħתͣһ̣ħµ»ſǵǻ˲˷׷һиܵ˴̼һļ͡
ãħطɹ
ĿⶸȻһɫ䡣
˿̵ˣҴʵиıҲܹʱѹƣõĻΪԼĻ˺
ܿռ䣬ȴ»ǻԵУĸѸ٣
ӶĿռѷ첻ϳ֣Щ粣һĿռƬʧ˶ܹܵһ紦յѹ벻ʣɫ䣬֪ΰźá
еսһͣ
صߣطλ֮˽һ󣬼æչԪ֣ʥ֮ȫУֵΪռĸֳ
ʱ˿̣ǰܲɽʦͽȴЦѣԵ쳣˷ܣܲſ˫ֱ֣ͦͦڰգħħǵ˵ƾڴ˿̵õ˸


1970 ӡ
ܿռ̮һʱƽȣ
ΧĻȻ䣬ȻѾѪռ䣬ʵȴҲûлص֮УµһռƵģȻ˵֮֮ǰѪռ˾òʡ
˵ģ»ǻ໥ֵƬأ˶ĸо
ϵı̼ţв¾ͻȫʱ˵ðܲɽʦͽ֣Լ߾ͻ᳹״ҡ
⣬ԲԸ⿴ģ
ͬʱ»ǻԵ֮£ɽħºħ֮ղطʮΧյƼٺתͷ·ûܹƵġ
֮⣬Ҫһ㣬ܲʱƺȻԵĸо˸ӿֲѹƺҪѪƣ
ȻھѪ˽⣬ҲͿȻȴҲͬףֻһܣҲƲôȥ˵Ļ鷳
Ͼ񣬾ܲǽɵʵ켫ΣָǺؽ룡
ү
Ȼ䣬Щ֮ʩչԪֱ˵ʱ򣬿񽣺ؽе
΢΢һſָħº;ſħǵһ̣ʲôʵаգ
׿˵˼
һѪ¶֮ǰط˵ħطȥȻڵħ㲻ħطĳɹֻҪйҲˡ
ϾЩԾͷźܴĹǣ
ģ
ؿڣ˿طҲ׷׳ף˵ʮּᶨ
Ҳգȥ԰ɣסСģͷӦϾʱҲʵ벻ʲôõİ취
ʱ䣬õͬ˱㻯ĵͬɫĹֱӳޱעĿܲɽʦͽ˶ɵýĿ⿴ǡ
֮
ܲȻѪһâŤͷɽʵ֮ǰ˵Ѫƶ㣬ǲΪ
ӣӦˣ
ɽµͷ˵ʦ֮ǰµħӰɻҲƵģ
󡭡
ɽµĻܲûٴζԡ
ֻ˫ӡʱ֮ħħǵĲ»ǻܵʲôƵģɢӵٶһ̸࣬ҲðܲԼɽ¸ܵļ
ٶһҪ죡һҪ찡
һУﲻɵ߶ţҲǽ֡
֮
ƺߴ٣ڿն󣬱ֱռĸͬķλӡٶȿ쵽˼¡
Ϸȸ䣬׻֣
ţͬʱһȣĵȵƶķУڵ֮ӿΧǿбȿȥȡ֮ȴЩķ񱬷
𡭡
漴׻ϷȸԼӰ񣬱طڵλó֡
֮ɫϷȸ֮ɫ׻֮ɫԼ֮ɫֹâӿݣǳֵӰڴʱǽЩâڳ˶ܵĿֲѹ
ҲӰֵһɲǼ䣬ħºħܵ˼Ӱ죬ŰܲɽҲǶʱɫ䣬Ӱ˫У˸ޱȱɱ
ɽ£ôȥܲ
ףȥǡ
ɽµͷҪʱȴϿհӰŭͬʱط˱Ҳ֮
֮ӡᣡ
ɲǼ䣬ӰǷ˲һ𣬶׺ֹâɲǣӰγһɫ̫Ƶģǽħºħɢ»ǻѹ˴룬ʹ·˶ʱֻɲ٣񶼷·ܵϴӣһ¶һĨЦݡ
˵ǰܲɽµɫȴǼΪĿҪγˮ
ûʲô֮ɫâƵӡȴͬ紵Ƶļٱ󣬼գۼǽħº;ſħڵλȫǣʹʱĻɫâ𽥳ӯʣ¼Ϊϡħºħ֮

ܲŭѣӡħ¶ֿƵãֱԳܣ
ۿҪЩƳڵľѪ䣬Ѿɹ˽ķ֮һֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ѪƳʲô⣬û뾹Ȼᷢ顭
Ҫģ֮ǰһЩƣȻһ̱ѹƻȥղеŬװ׷ѣҲԽ̼˰ܲͷŭһ˫Ѫеӡ޵ҧгݡ
ɽ£Ҫˣ
ܲа𣿡
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ˣã
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£ڰܲͷͬɽ±һӡٶȥ
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ӣǵģ
ΪҪӡԵʣطѾ϶Ϊһ˵ӡǣǾǷӡ
У
ɫһ䣬طԵʣҲǼٶɾʱ򣬰ܲȴֱӳǰޱ죬ȥʲôϷڣΪȥ𣿡
ܲ
ҧкʮ㡣
òϣܲԷֻʵҲͻƾͻƵġ
ʱѾˡ
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ʱͻأ𣬱Ǳߣ׹⼱ٷɳգ۱ӡ֮£˲ƵĵȻߣҪ׼ֵɽǰ
ǻָ˱ϹѩʨԼϹѩľ
Сֶûɽʲôʱ䣬ֱһһҵĳȥĲѩƸǽѪµֿЧӵ˼£һʱ֮侹ǽɽ±ȵĽˡ
һĻŵǷɲ٣ǰܲȴǶȻɫ䡣
ܲʲô
ڸֵˣŰܲҪȥʱȴǱ
ÿ
ּܲһѪâΪ
ã
콫ѪâסЦƾʲôΪʲô
죬òã
ѩƺСߴѾɽ¼սƾĿƣɽŪʮǱͷΪŭ
Ҳ
ţ컹ûش֮ʱ·Ӱλ̫ϳϣ
˸һ֣վһţܲҪ嵽ϿգƳӡľٶ׶ƣһ̣ܲѪкһɱ֮Ѹӿ


1971 Ⱥսܲˣ
ɱУܻȻ
˲һ
Ϸߣ
ܲƴмƵģ
漴ûж˵ʲôѪһзֱһ˸ͬѪĹâ㳯ڵλ˶ȥ
ϣ˫˺٣
ҪΪ˫ҪҪܸߣҪܹﵽһ鶯ƽ⣬ϴ˶֣ʮֳģֵȴ֮ΪƲӡ
ȻֿȷЩ壬òϣƲںܶʱȴ˵ĳӵĴϻһЩ
ʹ˫Ķ֣컹ǵһ
ǰȻҲΣܹܲ쵱ɶֵģȴôһ
˽Ϊĸħ
ڰ֮ܲʱ·ľص֮ΪĸΪӣɹأ˿ɽ
ϡ
ŶľصȴѾǰܲսһǴʱʼϵ𡭡
ৡ
뽣âĽͬʱǿĳȻܿռϲ˵ӰȴǷڰм˸·ʵˣͿǵʵ
ţľֽĸħһЩ㽲Ȼȷ㣬ȴǧѣϾֻ򣬻ûʽ׶ΣܲʵԺн֮ȣɲܹﵽģ
Ȼ߿˰ܲ
˴˷ĳ֣һʱվƽֵľ棬˫йأЩֻԼ
ڰܲĸħĹֶΣܵĳԽԽǿڸҲԽԽ࣬һȫľôǱضֻ·һ
ְ֣㣡
·״ȴǴźŮ˲սš
ʱĹƸǼΪñ칥ȥİܲòܣܿȥ֮󣬺īơٻŮȴ֣ת˲㲼һʮ󷨣ܲʱУҲ˶ݵϢʱ䡣
˻ᣬ켱æԼι뵤ҩͬʱתľӿָβʹЩǱת˲١
·𣬶ľʸλδ֣һǱʵ̫֮ͣǰͻƵ򣬾ȥҲ޷ṩʲôõİΪǵľ޴󸺵
һ棬ȻڽӡѾ»ǻԸҵӰ콵ͣ˭Ҳұ֤ᷢʲôҲ֮Уʱ̾עⱣңֹи˲
̣鷳ǵȥǣ
쳯λ̫ϳ˵һ󣬱ʱսţŮµ󷨣һܲսһ
ʱ£ֳһ߲ӣҲǺܿ첢սٴθܲȥһѹ
ӺϤԳƵȣһβƮȴֺƳƵĲϷ裬Ҳͬ˼Ĺá
ŮͬģϽ𣡡ȻһֱûôϹϴǽѪռҲˣ˷ȴ˿裬ˣĹУǵԽĬܲ˼鷳
ͬʱŮתҲðְ֮ܲܵУһȴҲϲļһŭ֣˫ѪзޱĹâ緢Ƶħһ㣬ޱϢ
Ҫȥ
ʱŰܲһŭѪȻӿȣ漴ĸħֶѪӿУޱȴ̶ĽڰлûʮѪɫâ˷Ϯȥ
ǿĳֲĽâƣɫ˲䣬òܡ
ء
ţںŮУǿĳҲ޷ά󷨵תͬʱѪĵɶΪǱ

ܲѪкâһѪɫâתڰܲӡ֮УٳϮȥ
ڷеĹУѪɫâջָĸħı壬ΪѸͣΪˣҪһֱɱơ
ְ֣ģ
ٶȼ죬գۼ
һԪֵͬʱȴǾϵ߲ʹâʢȫ
ϡ
أ
һ룬ĸħݺݳ߲ʹâ֮ϣֲĺʱƵĴĲ뽣·׹䣬Ū˸ϽΨֱ꼰㡣
ۡ
һףһѪ˳
ԭ֮ǰǺüε£Ҳǹâܵ˼ˣ
ô
켱æָµıֻܵһЩ𵴶ѡ
ȻǺñ綼Ϸģ
ܲ״ЩʧͬʱȴǶµ̰
һ̣δ֣ͣٴӡǱ˫ڰзһȦ˲϶Ϊһ·ڵλٴμϮȥ
ƿ֮ޱȴ̶
㳤ľ룬˲伴

һ̣쾵˶ˡ
ԥϮȫʵǰ
İ
Ϊ˵Եʣ޷ʱæֻܴ
ȥ
״Ҳһڣʱ߲ʹâʢͬʱĸħϮȥ
ɱϾһӣȷɽʱĸħȴѾ˳һ𡭡
ء
һ̣ȻܵˣߵķƵĶɶһڿѪһ֮С
Ҫ֪λ̫ϳҲǸˣɴ˷ֱţȻҲӲ˵˰ܲǿ󣬵ȷǲСӵģ
ϡ
ȱĸħڰнսһ𣬷̶ҲʱΣ·˼֮۾Ź⣬ȴǶȸ˼ֺ档
ף
ڿĸħİܲҲ΢΢һһñȻܹԵסϷѪĸħ
ְ֣ڵʵƲ˶õģЦ˵
Ҫô죿
üûʲôİ취
ûУ
ҡҡͷܲʵȻΪ̵ľѪ½˵̫ǿˣ
ˣȴǺһ٣ʱоһ˿ϣæ׷ʵʲô
ռԣ˵
ռ飿
һռʱڷɳϷͣ
˵ʵڵģ첻⻰ʲô˼
ˣ
۾һְ֣ÿռ似ȥ򣡡
ռ似λӰʵ
ʲôλӰ𣿡
£ֲȥЦְ֣òĿռ似ûɣ


1972 ɽزУ
Ҳ˵ߣôô˵Ǹпռ似Ū߷ŵѩƺСߴСһǱߡ
Ǹһָ֣˸Եı壬໥УƾѩƶѪ֮˵ƣѹɽ²ϴʲôֵĻᶼûС
ɽӦ½׵ʵʱȴԵ쳣ǱֻҪ΢ᱻѩץסػСߴϸĬĳּ϶бצƿɽµķȥԲɺӵĹ
Сһ˷ֶδЧȴҪ֮֮ǰطʮ˸ɽ·ŭƫƫѩƵУɽ¸ûʲôõķֱǱ˼㡣
һĻ·˿𾪲ѡ
𣬶ľƺͻʸλĿתĶţп֡
ǶʶѩƵģҲʱУʶѩƵǿ󣬿˭Ҳû֮ǰǴȥ鷳ɽ£Ȼ˾桭
ǵĸоһ㣬ѩҲԽأĸѩƵжǿ
Σ˷СһռϷ磬˵ﶼʮ˷ܣ޲һۼСһｫɽֱӸ˺Ƭ
ء
䡭
СһＸİ׹⣬ɽΧ
ǵٶ˼£ÿÿͣɲǣɽ϶ѪڣɽŭĳֹɾȻʱڿմûиСһȥʲô̫Ӱ졭
ʱΪӡĴڣħħ֮޷ӣһȴҲɽµָҲܵ˼ƣ֮⣬˵Ϊ֮ǰֹŹֿռ̮ĳ֣ȴƻһƵģɽѾʧȥѪռвٷơ
˵£ɽڵҲͲʲôˣ
ȻҪĻѩƺСߴСһʵǻ˹¾ǿߣҲһܹȡ˴Ч
𡭡
ʱ仺ȥ㼤սУͻأѩһ𣬱ϴϾëȻƮɶ𣬽Ű׹ʢ˲䣬һذɫֶ˲Ƶģһգ۱㽫ɽܹǰ˶ĵ·ȫͬʱɫСɿĽɽС
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û취СĲУ
Сߴצž綾Ȼ̫ڵļս˵вΪжԼĶӳٵĻôӰ¾ͽˣ
ԣѩƵĹԼСߴУһɽ±㱻ǰɫȫ֣ڰɫķΧСУɽ¸оһֽΣɫʱ˼㡣
⵽ô£ѩƲûлָʵôôǿ
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ڣǰɫܵĿռ䣬ΪĿãѩƵĿУɽ´ȥһּΪˣӴɫļͬʴƵģɢ̣Ǽȴ𽥱ʴƤѪҲˡ
ɽ¼þеԪȥ赲ȴҲֻ˵һЩʱ䣬ҪƵЩɫǲܵģ
ģ
ĵʹ࣬ɽŭѣѪȾϵûһõĵط
ƴˣ
ɽ֪ôȥĻ綼ᱻʴһ̯ŧˮʶʱһҧȴǵʣµΪģһ̱㶸ȻһǿҵѪɫâ
ͬʵʵѪâӲĽɫ˿һЩȻڰɫĸʴ£ЩѪâҲۿɼٶʧţѩϹѩʨı壬ϰ׹˸ƺЩʲôѴƵģ澹ȻĴһá
õСʮҵıҲһһŹ֣ȴԽ̼ɽµķŭϸŭѪ֣Գ˼ַ̬
ѩƣˣҪܣ
Ȼ䣬ľزֹ˵
ţ
ѩ΢һ㶣ɫĳҲ˲ͣһ£ҲʱɽȻһҧԼֱۺȻ壬˲䱬ըѪһգۼܵĿռ֮ȫ֡
𡭡
״ѩƵһ³һ׹עǰɫ֮УðɫСΧҪɽֱȫʴơ
һԵСߴҲ˸Ҫѩƶɽ½нɱ
ɣվ˰ġ
ǱѪֵɽ£ȴռ֮ӿУǰɫɲǣɹѩƺСߴĹƳ˿մ
һ룬ɽھѩƺСߴǧ˴εĳ֣ȴ۾㾪
ֻɽ˫ȻʧϸûһõĵطѪֹ˿ڣȾѪƵģ֮Ǿ˿̵ϢˣҲʮֵĲȶȥȲһЩѰ֮߰ˡ
ء
Ȼ䣬һ촫ɽµȾȻҲǻѪƮɢУûվȵĳԵȥ
һĻ˿ľ첻ѣ
⣬֮ǰǸֵѪ֮
էһֵϵؤҲ˶ˣ
ģ
ɽסΣͷһԼȱʧȣŭ졣
Ȼһ㣡ҪˣҵҲᱻʴˣĸ
ʱɽ£ֱһزԱӣɫȴԵüΪŤǧ׿ѩƺСߴ˫иޱȵķŭȻЩŭУȴҲԵľ֮⣡
ڵΪ˵Եʣʧȥ˴󲿷ֳֵ
ٱѩƵİɫ֣¾ûκλĿܡ
ֵǣѩƺСߴȻûȥ׷ɱǹԹԵĻصͶľߣ»ָǳﹷģŶľصСȣΪȿɰôҸ޷֮ǰֵᲢۡ
ɽµСҪԼȥȡ
¶ġΪʲôѩƺСߴ׷ɱ΢΢һЦ򵥵˵һ䡣
ұ㲻ٶԣô˵¾λҲûʲôȨ
ңͶľԴӳԺֳʵѾסǣ
λԷѾױˣ¾ľƣʱľصʱ򣬶ԵЩţ
Ǳô죿
ͻأģʵ
ɲǼ䣬˵ĿֳǱȥľԣȴҡҡͷ˵ɣʵҲûлģֻϧֱڶû˽⡭


1973 Ŀռ似
ĻľغȴǷ׷׳Ĭ
ǰ죬Ǿǲ֪˵ʲôã˫۾ж˼ŨŨڴ֮ɫ
ǰܲĸħȣȴǰɲϵļսţ˫ľУһʱԾһƽɫľ棡
ɴҶףֻʱģ
°ܲʵܵѪķӡֻܷӳɣȴ൱нףڵֵܹ
˵ҪܲĻᣬôضҪ˽⣡
ָ˽⣬Ҫ˽Щʲôأ
⣬˶ľ֮⣬»ƶ
Ҹǣ
ưĳһҪ˵ôҪʲôΣգҾԻֵģǣ㣬ҼסˣҲŲȥô࣡

ЦҡҡͷҲûٶ˵ʲôΡ
ֺγϣܹƽأֻǣûֻԵԳ֣Ϊ˸Ҳܹ
˵ɣ
̾̾ٶԡ
ߣ
Ʋһߣߵľԣ

˿̵죬ȴǱ˵Ŀռ似סˡ

ͷһ˵ʮİ
ȡռ֮Ŀռ似ܣλӰ
ʱλӰ֪˶ٴεΣ˵ֻǲȱģĿռ似ȴû˵

ְ֡
һĸħսȣԥų쿪ڵҪһ֮
˵Ǹ𣿡һ
ǲ֪⼼ܣܹ˰æ
Եģ
ͷɾʱŮȴһ䣬ûǿ˵ʲôĳһۣǶߵĻֱ˻ȥֻŮıȴЩ
ķһУüǲʲôҵģ
ְ֣ġ
ҡͷҪϣĿע£֮С죬ְ֣˼ҲİɣµģĻЩѣ
ô˵أ챾ܵľûô򵥣תͷ㳯Ůʵ
٣⡭
ŮЩɣȴæְ֣˵Ƕ֪أʵ׷ְת֮ǰѾ˵ˣİɣĲµŶ
ô˵˵Ҫ򣿡
ܼ򵥵ģְ֣ѿռҾǿʲôùŶָתͣĿռ飬ص
ҪˣְֳԼĿռ似϶Ҳֻôһַҡʲô
ҡҡͷ׼˵ʲôʱȴ͵һ֣ռ˹ȥ漴Ȼ׹ʢɫ䣬æ
ҪռûȴоһǿĿռ֮ȫվԭ޷ֻܻȻãһƬ֮УͷϿ߿ǵɱǵλУԡ
տɫǻʹĪһ˾ǲĽ뵽һ붨״̬
УУ
쵣İΣȴв
ְ֡
ʱȻĵһħҵƽ
ְ֣ûƭ㣡úɣ
Ļ쳹ƽ漴ۣбտǻ⣬ͬʱͷϿյıȴǶȻ𵽹弱գۼĹǽȫ֣ϢΪĲӡ
ŴŴš
Ȼ䣬ܿռ䶸Ȼ飬һռƬʧֻһƬĺڰ˿κιĴڣ
ֺڰʮѹ֮У춼鲻Խüͷ
漴֪׹ȥã·һ˲ַ·ǧĹȻںڰһ֣ŹһŽһŵǵܱܿһƬǿա
ǲЦݵɲǣּЩǵըһŽһţĲĽдȥ˼𺳡
ǿղϵʧ֣ǵܶʼ𣬲֪׳˶೤ʱ䣬Щ̣쾹·һϵ˾һֱӽ뵽˹ž޲붨״̬
ʱ䣬һУܶʼǿΪһ壬ı仯˵Ϣ˲١
ڣȻ˫ۣտǻԾȥȡ֮ȴһ־ϲ
ԭˣĿռ似ҾȻߴ˷򣡡
쾪ϲѣʱȴǴС㣬ô
عæǱȥúŮ֡
ʱȴɫ԰ֽһѪɫϢʮ΢˶ʱһ

Ůнӹԥ뼺Ԫ΢ָһЩſЦŮǰְֵĴǰְû£ˣ
ְ֣ûµŶ
ЦЦеĿռ齻죬Ͱְ֣أ

ʱȻ׿⴫һЦǰܲ
ۡ
˲䣬һѪȱĸħĽˣֻܻһɻصڣҲΪ˲Ѫ
ϷҪǻʲôµֵ
˵䣬ܲϣֳĸħѪʢܿռѪɫƶƮӿչֲֳֿƣֱֱֱ
ְ֣ղĿռ似
ѵ⣬ʱ似ǾžŹһ
žŹһ
һ
һֱ֪֮ǰʱ似žǲȱģ֮ԣȴиΪ棬ֻϧȻôʱΪλ֪Щʮֺ桭
žŹһеһšֶӦľǾžһӦľҪְԼȥˣѵڶšʱ򣬾ˣ
ٵ˵˿ǰܲԽƽΪ˸ʱ䣬֮ǰ˵λ̫ϳϺԥͬʱģкŮ
ֶ˲ܲսһ𣬽Ӳ˰׿⡣
ڰܲ˷ſıУ˼ֵʮѣټ֮쾵λ̫ϳϱ˵Եʣ˷սԵüΪ࣬¾кŮæԾⲻ˳ֱֳѹ
ΣԾӵá
úϢ
һȷʲôΣ֮󣬱ǳǧýվһĳǰȥ
һһԵôᶨ
ƺΪղռ似Եʣ˷ΧĿռ侹ǲѣʱżơ


1974 ħɷѪ
һ̤ÿһʵûн̤ʵأŵŲ༸׵ľ룬ÿһε̤ȴ̤ƬռĿռڵƵģĽŲΧĿռݣԵĿһ˿˿ռѷĲ졭
һĻȴ¶һĨΪõЦݡ
ְ֣ɹˣ
ϲѣܹ˶ʱĿռ似Ҳղŵûа׷ѡ
£
ۣ˵
ʱѾûаٵаȣԵޱȻ
ԣ𽥱ѹŴλ̫ϳ뺮Ůһ㶣òϣĻһֲɵζ
ŮãֱӾ쾵λ̫ϳȴԥݵļᶨԼ˫˸ŵâջǳˡ

ܲЦѣЦǰ̶
죬ƾ㣿
ܲмƲƲ죬еĸħʱһһҵĻһѪɫȣֱ͵ﲿλֱϮ
ǱеĻ׶༪١
ȴκεĳɣǧýŷ󣬶Ȼûʮâգۼĸħǰмս໥ײֱֽ֮ڶ
ӣٴαء
Ŀ¶â˿ûܵӰ죬˫ӡɲǼĹղűڵĿռ龶ֱֶ˲ڿռ֮ڣȻܿռΪһƵġ
ʱΧЩռȴǸΪƣȴҲһɲǼ˼¡
۷壬˵Ѿ½׵ıԵ
ף
ܲ΢΢Щ㵣˸Ȼĺ⡣
ռ似𣡡
ץסܲǴ㵵˲䣬춸Ȼһȣ˫Ŀͬʵʵľâ
һ̣ǰܲܵĿռѣ·һռ֮ڸΪģλõȫռ䣬ðܲɫ˲䣬ֻɲǼ϶ʮѪڣѪҪǮƵĽ
ʲô
ܲûܷӦֻȫʹӣ˷һռ֮ǿ˺Ҫֱ˺Ƭһ㡣
ŴŴš
ռĦ֮ϣ·˵һҪһ㣬԰ܲΪĵĿռѣ嶼УǿҵĿռ˺֮ðܲΪʹ࣬Ǹûа취ȥֹ
ۿţռѵٶԽԽ죬ֽһеҲԽͣðܲԴ֮󣬻ͷһصı顭
俴Ѫ˶ƵӣֱΪ֮˷ܲѣ޲һ̰ܲϲļһͳױƵģ
ۣŴ˷ռ似ʩչеԪȫ
һ춸ȻӴͬʱ˼֮УȴٴνӡЩռ֮ܲ弱֣޲ýʬΡ
ȻܲʵȻܵ˴ʱռ似ļȴܿƽǿܵĿռ˺ѣ϶ȻѪʢЩ˿Ѫȴ·ΪýƵģʱ屻һѪǽЩռ˺֮ǿƸ⣬Ҳðܲ˵õһĻʱ䡣
һĻ첻ۡ
УҵʵǿһЩã
ȻˣҾ͸ӵϣ
˴ֻһӣʱüХֲͬɫĹâϯƬռľҲ˿צ̬ڳ˶̧ͷһ𺳵š
𼼡ս죡
ľ裡
ˮˮƣ
𼼡裡
죡
УԪӿڴ˿̸໥ڿգ·ʲô˷ܼƵģȻһβʱޱȿֲͬʵʵǰǰܲڵλüϮȥ
𡭡
֮캳أܿռĲҪһеƣУڴ˷ǵĹ˲ߵ㡭
ټ˵켸Ѿֽ׶ǿĹ֮һ
һ̣ĳƽһӱ˰ܲΧѪķۿžҪܲݺݳһɲǣȴǺٴüͷ
ΪģΪоһ谭ָͨӦǲһֹڴӰܲӣͷ·̤һ㣬ܺճȴ޷Ĳ䡭
ô£
üͷȻԸоܲܵ˼ĳĵȴһϲá
ŴŴš
һ룬ֻðܲһ𣬷ܵĿռ֮ܵӰĽ˱ܣһڹ𣬶ϴЦ֮ںڹΧ˲䣬ӿһɫɵͷ­ֻǰ͸ģȴҲ˴ȥһּΪǿ塭
ʲô
ü⡣
СģѪط
û˵꣬һͷ­ĹЦɢһգۼ·׿ͷϿա

ҽ֮ڶһɫͷ­ɿûʮϰڣЩ˵ۿɼٶСţ澹ȫѪʧֻһƤǵļҽУȴǻ촷Ʈɢ˵һȫʬˣһĩû¡
ͻأ˾Ī
Щɫͷ­ɱһ֮ȴֽ˷ȥƺҪȫһ㡣
죡λæ
æŮ˻ͬʱľأƺҲ׷׳֣ǿڱ֮ʾ˻ǵվһЩЩɫͷ­ץסĳЩ϶ɱ¾޷ֹ

ʱǰܲЦٴγ֣ɫ䣬æӴĹơ
ƺ𵽵ã֮֮ǰС࣡
Щɫͷ­ɱ֮󣬽Ѫɫת䣬֮ܲ·γһյѪ⻯ϱܲգμֱҵ˼㡣
ְ֣ħɷѪԼСģҪЩħͷѪɫ룡
ȴһ㶣ħɷѪʲô

ʱ򣬶ľزʾ⣬ԵħɷѪûй̶̬Ҫ˷ȥ룡
ˣ
ۣȻȴ˫кâһٴӡȵ
ɲǼ䣬۶ڰɫĹâۣű֮һʮֳΧڰɫϷĿ£ۿɼٶȲ󣬼ֻգۼһ޴ĸڰϳһϢ
ѹ
ٴӡǾ޴Ϻڹת·γһͺڶƵģϷЩħɷѪֱɶȥ


1975 ħܲı
һʱޱȿֲЩ𽥱ѪɫѪգ·˶ʱо˲٣žԮ˵ˣҲӼ򵥣ֻҪЩѪķϱǡ
ɣû뵽ǡ
ЩħͷȻ·ʶƵģƽ֮ǰܿЩֲķΧȺУһһĲȻЩȥͬûκһĩôʧ䡣
״ɫٴһ䡣
ڶ
ٴӡӿǿܣֵһ㣬ֳһ޴ĺڶԪΧ£ڶǲ󣬲һɳͷϿջȥ
⣬ĵڶ࣬ڶ
ڶϿգһڹ⼱һ˲ĹǽеĺɫħͷȫڰֲУЩɫħͷڶڵλ÷ȥ·ſѪڵľħޣǡ
ЩɫħͷβҽȴҲûʲô̫õЧټ֮Եĸæúڶ˼¡
ŵһɫħͷڶʧҲǽߣ˵õʱİȫ
ȻҪİȫֻܲɽʦͽѪһϹʱа֯ʧȻңضȫһ죡
ƬռУƮɢЩɫħͷĹҽͺڶ˫𽥼ЩƮɵѪȴҲͬϱգðܲ˴ιҲûһ
Լ˫ཫħɷѪ΢һ
κεǣղžֻж̶̲ʮӵʱ䣬ȴҲȻв˲ҲǴԸ⿴ģֻ㼰ʱûħɷѪٸҴȥص˺
ŴŴš
ǰУȻ䷢һĿռĦ֮һǿĳѸʹ첻һæӴԪ
죬Ϸɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
ܲŭѣǷķŭչֵ쾡¡
ƣ
֮󣬵һȡ
ڸศУȴǱ˽֮ղŸӿֲŰܲıֱȥ
ء
ֲĺԭڲĿռ䣬ҲЩռ˺֮ĵĽ׵ľ룬Ҳ˸оǰδеɭѹҽ˺üʮףſסΡ
֮
Ȼ䣬һ˲䣬ܲ𣬱һţһѪ˳һŲӿѪǽйƼΪǿƵı˿ȥҪһ㣬ȴĸоѪڱԼƵʱ򣬾׳
ֻƬ̼ĹѪķΧӰ֮࣬ڰܲͷϿգһųſѪɫɡԾתͣ
ۡ
ǿĳУڸܵ𵴣̲סһѪĺˣǿռԼҲعı壬˸ŵĹâҲ٣·ɻ
ڵ¶ʱҲ޷ʹˡ
ǿסĲʣסκ̧ۿǰǰܲѪӳ£ԳɭɢϢʮֵı䣬һ˫Ѫеķ񣬽˿̰ܲľչֵ쾡¡
ɱģ
ʲô飬ʲôѪ֮ʲô¡
ڵİֻܲ뱨ֻҪʬΣֻأ
һ˫Ѫ죬ԾŷŭĻ棬Ѫɫ˫ͫںκθ飬ʧȥԵаħͷ쿴˲һ

³һ֣ܲζȻ˲ƶһ˲ǰĸħõȴ˫ֳצĳಿλֱֱץȥ
˿˿ѪоԵʴֲֿ֮Ƶ֣亹ֱð
৵һ£ǧýǰ𺳵һĻˡ
ǰܲǿޱȵץסУצȴǸѸٵĽӽأ켸˼ı˲һŤֻһצֱֱץۣѪʱȪӿ
צȻȺѪԿһѪⱻֱ˺̲סƺһ
ͬʱɽµҲǽǧý˲ſسǽߵԴץȥ
ɣ汻ץסĻ¶Ūͷ­ըԽصĳ棡
ɲǼ䣬ǿסʹ˳ˣͬʱǧýһ佣Ͱܲм䣡
ϵһǧýצһ𣬷һ̶ĽʱԸоǧýϴʹ࣬ٴܵһ˴˷ĺԵüΪǱ
òסΣұϵʹ亹æתԪסɾһɲǣܲκ˼ٴκϣͷϿЩѪҲǼûʲôӦͣͷɢѪܿռΪһ壬һǿ֮С
ã
˲ƵæתʣԪͬʱ۷ƣҲһ̷Ƕǿǿռ˺һȱڣæз뿪ǼʱٴܲԿ

ʮ׿⣬ڴڵĴŴɫѿ
ܲĹڿմ˫ѪŤͷȥбɱ
һ֣ĸħٴγУͷѪɿ챻գĸħ϶ʱѪʢ·ܹһҽԻƵģٴɫ䲻ѡ
죬
Ծĵı𣬱ðܲһĸħʱֶƿ˿ռʮֹĳǰʱ䶼ûС
һ켱æ趯ǧý֮յĽĸħȻӽϴľ޴ղסһ
ۡ
ǿĳ£һѪɫ˲԰ֽ
ϡ
ܲĸħţ˲ֻܲϵػǧýͬʱμ˸γһּѹŴơ
ôôǿ
аѣʱȻ֮ûУ
ĪǸղŵĹƣϲı
ৡ
ĸħϵĹûи̫˼ĻᣬֻĵĲҽУҲܵ˼Ӱ죬֮Уڽӵʱ䣬Ȼ˼ɼǵ˿ڣΪûʱȥƵԵʣ˿ѪȻȾȫ쿴ͬѪƵģʱɵΣա
һĻͬڳ˿Ŀѡ
ľؽȭͷţ綼Ѿȥˡ
ҲˣЩ׽ǣһҧгݣԸ˷ܵԼ


1976 Ŵޣɽ֮
챻ޱȲң֮ǰĿռ似ȻҲһãȴҲðܲױĵҪֱɱʲô̰֮࣬ĶȴҲ˲ˡ
Ȼڰܲ첻Ը齻ֻҪܽɱ԰ܲʵ֮ǿӶҲǲܵ顭
Ĳ𣿡
ľʮּ˫Գżĺɫ

ĬöľزһҲһֹӣΨ֮ǰƺܼһֱ벻һеȥ죬ȴƽһ
һߣɫָһЩѪɫҲǻߵǰҧүү
֣ȴָӡ
죬ȴһ̾
ãǲְ֣ܰҹܣ˾һתͶ̥ҲԲĿŰְֱΣ
иֳŨŨʧǿǸӰ㡭ôһ㸸֮鶼ûУ㣬㲻䵱ְֵĸף
˵棬Խԥĳţ˷׷ɫ䡣
Ѿͷ񣡡æ
ְֳʲô飬ԶԭǣԶᣡ
Ųô࣬һ󣬱Ҫȥ

ʱȴĽסʱüһĵ¹㣬ҲҪ𣿡
ģµģ˵
¹㡭
ֻΪ⻰ڰοȰ˵ҪȥüͷΪ塣
ŴŴš
ʱǰ֮ϣȻһ޴Ŀռѷ챻ǿ˺ǿռ֮ӣ˵Ŀⶼȫ˹ȥ״üͷ΢΢һ壬ֺܿչ۾Ϊεƣ̾һȴҲʲôû˵

ţͬЦðһŮŵӰǿռѷмһֱֱӵǰܲĹȫס
ΨһŮԣȴСĽãôû°ɣ
ŷǰ
ǰľŷǺסܲƵİλûΣȴ̵ǰɵסˣôˣ
˲Ǳˣ޿ռʥѩɽеľŴޣ
ģҲ֮ĸΪϹ޾βƷľŷ
Ȳ˵ˣúϢһ£һҪȥæ
ŷ˵ҲûʣܿǰǼҵսš
ְְ֣֡
Ȳķɵԣ˿̺Ȼطˣλ̫ϳԼŮ׷˻ԣʮ˵ƸΪأطڻ֧ӡĴڣһֱĶûܵõʱĲ䣬˴˿̵ϼֱһ˿Ѫɫԣг֮ǰṩĵҩ֧Ųȥˡ
˵Լе¶һĨЦݣİɣְû£ֻһЩ˶ѣ
š
滨꣬ģϧѡ
ʱȻֵľŴǰܲսĲ£˫ļΪ֣ҲǸһĻͻָʱ䡣
ƣİɣ
ľҲĲ٣ʵ
ţ
ƺԥĵͷƳһҿûĳЩô飬ԼӵȥܾˣȥܣߣҲ־Ͳֲ֣ǽвˣ
ʵ֮ǰƾ֮󣬱ȥһ޿ռ䣬Ŵ޳֡
ղΪʲôһֱԣ֣ǵȵһ̣
ңŴ޵ĳʮּʱûûʧ
㰡
ƻôԵĲɵÿЦҡҡͷȴҲδ˵ʲô֮ԡ
ء
һɲǣͻأľŴһӰֱӺɣıΪۺܵۡ
ǿҪܲԿûȴײɳȥȻûܵʲôƣ˵Ҳһ־޴裬ס֮͵ķһŭ𣬱㱬Ϊǿܿٴμսš
ŴޣѾһ֪жˣ
ǵȻ˿ɱȣܹ߷Եþ˿ûһ֮УǵУǰܲȴѪԽӿʵȻһ㶼ŴޣżսʱԽǰܲռ˲СƣѪĳ·ܹԾŴ޴ȥӰ죬ǵĹͷ涼ܵһơ
һԭƽɫľ棬𽥳Űܲķƫơ
⡭
ƿüֱôҲû뵽Ŵ޾ȻҲǰܲĶ֣
ڵȥȻŴ޻ܼʱһҲֻǳ⣬ǲһеƴɱܹлʤĿܣ
ǿǿȴʼջһЩ
ʱĿڵȻӦģȴֻǻƵһߡ
ңǷûУ֮ܲʱЩѪâƺŸ֮ҵЧܹ͸зֱӶϵĴˣ
˵ţ֮ȴ׷ü
˵ЩüͷʱǰܲȴǺĳˣȴǼһѪâͬѪɫƵģǾŴڵλòƶȥ
ٶȼ죬գۼþŴ޲òܣҲðܲɹǹӵķΧ

ڽһɲǣԭΪܲôУû룬һЦܲȻǻһѪ⣬ֱȥǶϵȣ˵ɽ󡭡
ðܲһţһѪֱת˲ͽɽѪвϲҽУû뵽ԼʦȻ֡
ʦ㡭Ҫʲô
ɽʹ಻ҵʵ
ôãôˣͽģΪʦһԶǵģ¸¡
ܲЦѣЩѪɽµ۶ڱнȫ˲ɽ·˸Ϊҵ˻˵ڵϲϷͬʱѪУȫѪ⻺ʧԭʮ׳˶ӾۿɼٶήţʮϢĹ򣬾ȻƤǵӡ
ȥֱһ
١ܲ
ɽ·ַ֣ܹĵĺ⣬һȴѾˡ
ŰܲЦѪ׽ɽȫ֣һ룬ðܲ岻ŤתЩѪڣ˲᲻٣òԼԿɽʱӡ
һĻڳ˿Ŀɿڴ
νʳӣȻɽ²ǰܲĶӣɺôҲʦͽϵ
ãȻڵľѪ䣡
һ̣
ʱ˷׷ɫ䣬ȼλڸܵܲٴηǵʵ֮ʣһĲ֣Ҳ˼ֵΡ
Լ޷ֻس˵ľ޴ۣȻôƵˣ˱


1977 ֲƣ
˾Ѫ䣬ʵ
ɫУľۣϽ۷壬а벽֮ң
ߣⶼ㣡
Ťͷһۣߵ֣ڵȵ־棿ڿɺˣϽ۷尡Ǵȥһһܹס
ơ
ƣľҲǿЦѣεȥȻѾһˣǿʲô취ѵ뿴ôҵ³
취УһǾ仰һжϣ˵
⻰ȴûöľ⣬Ӵ̼˻ͷŭ
ֻûԲɣ˫ֲɫâʢŭҸ㣬ҲŲʲô䲻ģҪǲҪʲô飬ڶ
ߵĳҲ˲˵ע⡣
üͷ΢΢˵ʵڵģЩ׸ˡ
ʵ֮ǰͶľسֵʱбһɻ󡭡
ԼĸĸЩʶˡ
˵еİ
⻹һģѪеϤƫƫָоΪȫ㲻׵ôһ¡
ǰ߶ľأڼΣյʱ򣬶Ȼ᲻һеĶ֣Ļڵ㣿
˵ģƺһж֮УЩ飬ȫͬ
ְ֣ôˣ
ߣǸӵӣʵ
û£
عҡͷԣΪƺ⵽ô£컹ǿЦһ£δʳʲô
Լ
ļ漴վ
ղžŴ޼սܲʱ䣬ҩľİѾĻָ
ڣ˵Ѿսʱ̣
ӱܣҲԼӱܣ
ӣô
ԽԽʪУ쳯طȥ
ʲô£ǲطһЦҪĻǡӡŵôģ
ү˵ˣһϣҪҲһ𣡡ؿڣЦ
ľʸȻû˵ʲôļᶨȴ˵һˡ
ǣ
쾵λ̫ϳҲվ˳ûһ˿ԥ
ãһ𣡡
صͷ۾һ³Ĭ󣬱εڿն𣬷ɿ˾Ŵ޵վ
㡭
ŷɫ˲䣬æ
û˵꣬ЦŴϵǰض˵ˣ£ԴҲһüͷ˵ˣ˶ȻţֵһҲǿԵģ
һ𣡡
ţʮϣվһɫޱȼᶨһ
ˣãȻˣǾһɣ
ŷﻹ׼˵ʲôŴеϴ󣬱ΪѪѪˣŷҲٶԣλҲ׷׳ĵͷ
˷޷˵ĳ֣ȷҲӮ۸ڶһ򲻷ˣضǵĺøС

ʱǰܲΧѪѾȫոɾЦصƬռԵǰ̶ʱܵѪɫǷӿ˸оһɰѹ
һϷȥһɱ
˻ѣǰܲʱƷǣ˵ɫʱޱء
һԼע⣡
ŷ˵ǵͷ֮󣬾Ŵ޶һۣʱǰǰܲλüٳȥ
ϣ
첻ٶԣһ·ŮͶľӹкŴҽŴǰ
һգۼ䣬ǾŴޱγһΧȦܲΧ룬ŸϹâʢɲǣ˲չֳ˸Եı塭
ϴѪѪ۵ۺܵȵȣȻҲ˾ŷıβƷ
Ŵ޵ı带һ֣Ƿӿֲ˲ǰֳܲѹ໥ײܶʱձ֮·˸ʵõĽˡ
𡭡
һ̣ѪǾ޴βһ˦Ŵ޲ԼͬչǸԵĹƣӲͬ򳯰ֱܲ˶ȥޱȿ񱩵ơ

ܲ˿ң˫趯֮УһѪâݺǾŴ޳һ𣬱ΪֲĲ
һδܲ״ûܽӽ
״Ŵ޸Է𣬶㿪ЩʶѪâ֮󣬱ٴαΪ˵ƣչǸԵĹ
ܲɿ˸ΣŴ޵ΧԵЩӣ˿ûһܵļ󡭡
˷սأ
Ľռǲѣʱ˶Ƶģ
үô죿
ߵʵսĳǱڤ
ȴʱ
ۣ˫۽ǰսĶת
Ҫȶð
ͷȴǱط˻ȥˣˣöֵʱԻᶯ֣
Ҳʣ
ƲƲ죬ȡŵľƺ«㹾๾ĺ˼ڣط״ʱƺ«˹ȥÿ񽣿ֱۣ漴ƺ«ȴûлصС
κžƣ⼸λ̫ϳҲ⡣
ƺ«»صеʱѾȵһβʣŪÿֱ죬ȴǹֱЦһĻʸҲһݸ
ʱǣһ㼴ʼ֮սĽţ̬Ϊɣ
ǰս
ƺ͸˾Ŵ޵Ĺƣܲԭ˸Ȼͣ£ŰǴʢѪ⣬ѪɫķУֻһЦЩѪ⼱ֳһħͷޱȵĽŴڵλϮȥ
ȥʮϰٸѪɫħͷ֮࣡ÿһλҪԵģʮЩѪɫħͷչֳֹƸΪˣ˵Ŵˣ¾һǣܹоѹ˶ĵѪϢ
磬Ծ
Ѫ׼ɱЩѪɫħͷʱ򣬾ŷڵ
ʲô
ѪһŷδԣȻ³һǿİ׹⣬һѪɫħͷϵɲǣѪɫħͷȴǡ䡯һըѿĿֲΪ֮ɫ䡣
ҿ㣡
Ѫ״˼ıʱȵ
ܣұ
һɲǣܲȻ𣬱ЩȻƽŴ޷Բ֮ڵѪɫħͷѪɫӿУȫͬʱը
䡭
ֲĺռѷ첻ϳֱ֣ըĳͲѣŪǾŴǱָѪʵ㹻ǿҼʱ˱ܵĻڰֲֿܲĹУ㲻ᱻըҲˡ


1978 С
ѪɫħͷȫըĿռڿռУ·綼Ҫһ㣬֡
ǾŴޣʱ㼰ʱ󳷣ȴҲܵ˼ĳһϵѪڣԵޱǱ
ңЩҲֻ˶ѣȻǵսӰ죬ȴҲ㲻أһȴԽ̼˾Ŵ޵ͷŭ
Ϊ޿ռ죬ΪһֱԦʹ޵ǿڣǰܵѪµһƣҲǰ£Ϊ˱Լ²ѶΪ֮ȴȫͬ
Ŵ֣ȻܲôǱ˵ֱһ־޴ĳ衣
֮һУʱľŴŭиȻǽֲܲĵˣ
һ̣ܿռȶһЩǶȻ˾ȻͬĸŭʱƬصľҲŴޱֱ壬˽֮ղŸӿֲƺʱѾȴܱߵһУһֻҪǰѪֵİܲʬΡ
𡭡
ŭУŵ޴λ⼱Ϯ˷ǰܲ˲ưٱƽ
ֹƣǿֲȾУһǰͣ

ȻܲЩ֮ȴֻǹЦһۿžŴ޵ĹһУĸħʱٱͬʱѪʢ֮У˲ֳűһģһľ޴ѪɫâǺĹǾŴ޵ķӭȥ
һ˲䣬һֲĺ촫
ǾŴ޸Ծ޴ڿһ٣漴ȻϮҲ޷κδ˵ܲȥʲôʵԵ˺ˡ
ǾűѪɫ޽ȻҲ˵ãϾŴʵΪףټ֮ŭµıǽϵѪɫâҲܵ˼ĳЩҡҡ׹֮С
òϣܲȷǿǿ﷢
ˣ˴ֻǰܲʹõĽƹѣԭضҲδһ¸ߵ֣֮ȴҲܹף·˷׷üͷ壬ɵΪŴ޸˼ֵǡ
սȭͷ׼ץסʱ֣㲻ܲҲҪΪŴ޵ĹһЩãðܹܲôɵĻʤ
ȻûǶ֣˵ûҵʲôʵĻᣬǰܲվ׿УȻӶҲδɴһǿѹ񲻹ζ֣ʼӲܲһ
ò˵ָоǺܲ·Լȫһ˶ϲļһǰ͸ûһܿԡ
ۿǾŴ޵ǿƳѪɫ޽һ󣬱ȻҪЩѪɫ޽ɾһɲǼ䣬ǰܲȴǺĹЦһ͵ŤͷȥѪɫ˫ʵʰѪâʮ˶Ȼɫ䡭
ã
ۣҪ뿪ԭأˣҲͬʱ˶
ܲʱĿȻ죡

ЦȻΧֻ֣ܿռ䱻ֱӷֽŷ·һʮֻʱв
ȥ켱æתԪΧ˲ֳһ֡
ʱܲǴӾŴ޵ֹ˲ƵģһŻѪϢڵλüٱƽ
죨
طǣԼ쾵λ̫ϳϼ״æ
ֿռԵֻһˣԴʱطʮ˿ɵƵվԭأֳԪ⣬ûһĶ
Ȼǿ϶Ҳף⣡
Ѿˣܲǰʮ׿ⶸȻ֣˫Ѫͷųɱһͷħޡ
үģ
񽣴һʱǱȥϽʢѸٰθ߱׳ȻóѪ񻯡
ǱڤҲ֮٣ĳӯУǿһŭȣ˫ֳֵĳǱƽİܲȻնȥ
Ҳˣκ˼׷ʩչٶȣǰܲױƽ֮ǰǰ
ȻΪϵԵʣǰͻأγߣ
һȻǿˡ
ֲͬɫĹâӿ֣໥ƣΪȳֵԵʣطĸȴȫϣûһԥ
ڶߣȻλ̫ϳˡ
ȻʵһЩΪ޷ľ飬ȴǺܿĽǸǺǰܿγһܹ˰ֻܲϣܹ԰ȫ
һ룬񽣵ĳڤܲǿϮһѪâݺײһ漴ֲĺĲĽ
ء
ɲǼ䣬ǿƵѪâǳڤɶűǺݺݳطֵɫĻϣһ̱ǼطͿǿѪûмֵޱǱıֱɳȥѪ·γ޵Ѫ磬Գ˼֮
⻹û꣡
ܲƽȴλ̫ϳϵķȴǸʹرȻ˺Ѫâ֮Уλ̫ϳƴƵĵֵȴҲûмֵһӡ
ǵ³͸ղŵط˲࣬ǿѪɢɳǱ֮УȴǲаֱӺμֲҲ̶á
󣬾ֵˣ
¾ǰǸȥһĻʱ䣬ܿռ£ҪȴԽԽѣʱ˿ֻ̣ۿǰܲӼٿ
ģֻһ㾡ȫԪˣ
һ룬ʹɣ
Ȼͻأģ۾ǷطڵλãɵȻһȻ
ռ似𣡡
Ϣ켱æӡڰܲ˲䣬ܷĿռͬƵĽѿһӡα㶸ȻԭʧٵģܿռΪһ˸УɹĴӰܲĿֲѿ
⣬֮ǰĲȱռ似λӰʹã
һһȱռ似ȴǳľݣһδıԵ˻
ף
ܲ㶣û뵽쾹ȻԴϽ۷Ŀռ
Ҳôһ㶣ɹĽܵˣֻʣ°ط̫ϳǾһ͵ǰ
ְ֡
ͻȻס죬ռ˷ʱֻǰ󣡡
ţ
һЩζУ֪뵽ʲô֮ʧٴγֵʱȴѾ˷طڵλãŨѪϢ֮⣬ȴнľˮϢ໥ںϣƺָΪϢӡ
֮⣬ҪһȴǸطȻһ̵СݣŬڴνȻ
ط㲻ʲô
ּݲĻУȴԵǰġ
һʱ֮䣬ǿöЩˡ


1979 תݣžŹһ
ܱߵһУȫ겻Ϊ˽ƴĴСϡ
ʲô
ʱ˿̣еĿⶼȫϣܲҲˡ
ܿ죬ܲһĨŨŨĳȻ֪Ϊʲôܹ˼սлʧģҲֻôһˡ
㲡Ҫ
ܲѪкâͻ֣ű˸ڵλúȻϮȥ
͵ƣ񱬷
Сİ
˼״ǵʵȰܲټطǸղҲ˲ˣʱҪȥȴѾˡ
׼Ұְ֣
һɲǼ䣬һ使ȣ߲ʻⶸȻʢͬ˲Ƶһӳ࣬˲佫С
أ
һ죬ܲĹƺݺݳ棬ĽҲĺݺһΪִӦԵԵʣȴǸŪýŲˣոסεɲǣֻúһ𣬱һѪֱ˳
ɴʧ״̬ܵĻûһΨ˫۾ʱ˼ʱ㯣ʱʲôƵģ¶ȻǳǳЦݡ
ܲȴۣѪʮ׵ȥٴһḬ̃ľâ
ȻϷͲˣ
ܲһЦȴǶȻμ٣ٱƽ
ҪҼС㣡
״ŮȻǺԥɿǰ
ӿͬɫĹâĵʹ𣬽ǸԵƣת˲γһ޴ɫǼٱƽİֱܲӭȥ
ŴŴš
ܿռѣɫ·ƵģԵüΪǿơ

ܲ״һ˫Ȼ趯Ѫɫַӿ֣ɿıɫһ𣬶ܲ˲ٴ٣ƻһ޼᲻ݵĿֲѪâֱӺݺݳǱѪɫֲƵɫϡ
䣡
һ죬źŮʹƺߣɫֱӳ忪»˷Ʈɢڴ˷ܲǼȫֵ£ŮԵޱǱѪĵɶǰܲһ֮С
׵ľˡ
ܲƺ¶ᵽ֣ͶȻƵġ
𡭡
ɲǼ䣬ŭ𼸺ͬʱ𣬱׹⼱ٶһһҵı㳯ܲҧȥ
ⲢǱˣǻָѩСߴ
Ϸ
ܲŭȲѣһʱ֮ѩƺСߴֹУҲܵ˼谭޷ղǰƿѩѪ֮˵ֿƣҲðܲ˼ֹǣòֳ󲿷ӦǵĹ
ˣҲʱȫæȥŮԣǸ⡣
ȻȴԼľٶϾǿΪ˾죡
ء
䡭
һʱ䣬ѩƣСߴ֮սԵޱȼңֻϧǣѩƺСߴΪʱԵʣʼȷռһϷ磬ڽķʱ䣬ܲٴǿƳ֣־ֱ˻ѩƵƣȴҲûʲô̫ãҲΪˣðܲѩɱ󲿷ֵĹƶǳȥСߴҪΪһЩ
뵽ˣԭˣԭˣ
ѩСߴּսܲԽ·ʱĹЦȴʶ˵һ㣬ʱҲ漴ﲿλֱɶֱͷϿգɢĺ⣬ԵüΪ
ţʱ飿
ܲɫһȴǿƽѩƺСߴ֮ȻٴλһѪ⣬ڵλüӶȥ׼ȷ˵Ŀ겢죬ʱ飡
ְ֡

ڳ˼״ɫٴδľ
ɲʲôˣʱҪ־ԮѾˡǰܲٶ˼£֮׵ľ˲伴
ֳֻצޱ͵̬ʱץȥܹצռ
˰Ķᵽɤ۶ˣΨʲôΣգ
ȻǰܲۿżӴʱɲǣζȻԭʧȻʱҲˣҪǣ˿ĶȻûκһռ䲨ĳ֣Ҫһ㣬ȴֱ˰ܲĹΧʱ԰ȫ
أ
ܲüͷһ壬ʱȥѰڵλá
ɣϽ۷ʵȻڶҲðۣܲâ˸ѡ
ʱ似ž
Ȼ䣬𣬶·һһٵĳȥ㲻̫죬ȴżΪϢÿһĽ¶һɵţ˾žŰʮһ֮࡭
컺ʱ·һشɫСݶصϵչ֫ⷽԲǧ׵ĵ棬һƵģƺһ˲˲١
ţ̤ڰʮһʱܻѾױ͵һƬʮĿһɫĲϽţжˡ
ʱ似תݣ
춸Ȼоâһٴοӡȳ
ʱζȻڰʧּٳ֣Ҹպ̤֮ǰǵʮ֮ϣʧǳֵģڶȴ̤˵ʮϣպǾż֮
ʧ֡
ʧٳ֡
˷ͬȣҪȴܻԭ֮ǰųֵ̲ٻŵһУȴۿɼٶȿήţھŴҲ»صͬʱеһжָ˱ĿղŴζֻ޵λã˾ǾȲѡ
ۣܲĿһĻԽǿҵɱ
ףؽͷŴУ֮ڳκ˶Σա
˵һòĿ꣡
ûʲôſռͷתΧϢԽŨҪһ㣬ڴҵĽŹע£ƺ֣ʱʧһ㣬ÿһ˸һȫͬĸо
ʱ·Ӥʱֺ꣬ʱȴַƳһ̬ӵˣȵȵȵȣһ㡭
˭ôĹ仯һ˳֣
Ȼ䣬Ϊ֮첻ѵʱȴŤͷ䲻ѵ˫ʱܲȥȻʵδκûκεɢɴ˿˫ȴħϽ۷İܲһֱС
ðܲɫ˲䣬Ѫӿ죬
ֲƷǣΪľǽѸɱٴʲôĻ
ȻȻҲ⣡
ǰܲ˲ȫɲǣֻ˫һݣӡȻȳʱ似žŹһ


1980 ֲʱ似
ְʱ似ˣ
ϲ˵Цݲ֡

οͷ
ľҲЦɵһ
ڣȴǷ׷׾ĿĿţΨִһľ֮
ʱ˿̣ʱ似һǰܲȴǶȻɫһ䣬µѪⶼΪ֮һ٣֪Ϸʲô˵Ŀ֮Уܲıãޱѿ
ŴŴš
ܿռѣԭӿҲ˲ȫǰܲɴӣƺôҲԼֹı仯
𡭡
ͻأģܲѪâһȴǷһҰްŭ
·ĳ˿ٴλѪ⳯ڵλüϮȥ
һ̣ܲѣҲżƵġ
ҿķ׷׾Сġ
ǺǺǡ
Ȼ΢̣ȴǷһŹаȵЦ
ռ似λӰ
һ룬ζȻʧڿУǼٶİܲʧȥĿ꣬ʱٴηһŭ
𾪵һĻˡ
ǰܲһŸһֲԼԴʹ಻ĺţʮ̶ִ˷׷üȴǸ֪ʲô
ˣܲҲûз׷ɱ뷨ֳ֮㶢һ˫ŭѪٴγڵλüȥƵģޱȿ񱩵Ϣ
ʵȸղ½˺ܶ࣡
ָľŴ޾һ𣬾ŷϸ۲֮ȴЩɵĵô£ĪǸղ⼼ܣ
Ӧþˣ˵ĶӣȻ
ŴϴѪͷǸ̾
Ѿͷ֪ô𣿡Ťͷʵ
֪ѽ
Դǰְʱ似أĿ»صȥĳʱ㣡

⻰˷׷ɫ䣬ܹôֲҪ˵Ļ˵ܹκһ˻صӤʱڣǻôȥ񲻾޵ˣ
˵ˣŮ֮ҲǾ첻ѡ
֮УΨľԼ֪Լƶֻ˵΢˽һЩˣ
ûô򵥵ģ
ҧҧҡͷְЩҪһĴۣʲôҲ֪϶򵥣
ۡ
һ㶣ʱ򣬶ľȴ˹ĵڵİܲѾص֮ǰڵľѪʱʵ½˲٣
̫ˣ
˶ľصĻҶǾ֣̾гͷ֮⣬
̣ʱ似ʱİɣͷʵ
ţŸʱպöӦż֮
ľףŸʱǲͻָ
ŸʱӦùˣ
ľЩͬһʱ䣬ʮӰټطˣټ쾵λ̫ϳϣʾ£ȻͬкŮ
ʮֱǰܲΧΧס˲䣬ûжıֱչ˸ԵĹƣƵĽǰֱܲϮȥ
Ҳ˶õһĻʱ䣬ϿջƮɫԳֲ԰ס
ְ֣ôðɣæǰ죬ʵ
û£
ǿЦЦϵϢ΢һЩԵЩήҡ
ʹʱ似ĴӦòС

ľס֣ʱһᵫȴԪڣʹɫ˲ָ١
⡭
ţľȴһ䣬Ժ򲻵ѣʹþžŹһˣȻΪۣ
˻һһ䣬ȴ˶ʱɫ䲻ѣǽץסֱۣʱзɳһ
ûµģ
ҡҡͷЦЦ
ôûأ
죬ߴٵְ֣˵ô£
Ҳ׷˶䣬ľؿɫɣ޷ֻܿʵžŹһʱ򣬾ѾףҵΪ۵ģԾΪÿһΪʮ
ʮꡭ
һǾԺȻ
ղţʮȡܲصʱ֮ǰ״̬ҲʩչѪ֮󲻾ãڵʵҲֻˣ
˵ţȴֺܿһ̾ϧֻǾŸʱҪǾ죬Ǹжð
˵䣬ǰ֮ϣΧܲʮˣȴεҡҡͷ
Ÿʱ㻹١
ľûĵָͷóһЦСӣ̰Ĳ㰡ڣ㻹ôɣôȥĻ˵ܲһõ˾Ÿʱ͡
ľصĻû˵꣬ȴ˼
ϾΣǰܲڵʵҲ½ףأ֪ΪһֱֵǣԼŴ֮⣬ʵǿľҪ۷ˡ
ʱ似ʵȴҲûκͻƣҲЩʧĵط
ء
ʱжȻ죬ط磬񽣣رԼľ˱ĽˣԵޱǱ
ɫЩ׵ӣȻܵƲ̫ᡣ
ǲδκȴ˼ס֮ٴμսţĽߵļսԽİȻܹǰܲķŭ𡭡
±ʱ似Ӱ죬ܲɱȴ˿
ʮ˵ΧУԵôǿƣûκ·硭

Ȼ䣬ܲץסһǿƳִ֣ſֲѪâݺݳڿ񽣵Ҽ磬ֻǲһֱѣϵĽҲ֮٣˾ֱһѪ˳
ǿ񽣷Ӧʱһƿ¾ͲǻҼôˣؿڣ
񽣡
˼״ʱӴ˸ԵĹƣðܲòܣҲÿܹ˵õһĻʱ䡣

ܲȻѪʢӿޱǿƵĽ˵Ĺȫˣһַ֮ĳ£ȶζԵѡ
ţ԰ܲΪģϼѪâһѪɫ֣˵ķ׷ȥ
Сģ
ɫ˲䣬ڴʱһĴþŵӰٶһƬĹ⻪˸֮УЩѪɫֱȫ£δһܹͻЩ⻪ĵ
ֵĲǱˣǾŴޣ
Ǻܿȡطʮ˵λãٴܲսһ𣬲ֳһУȻ֮ղŸӵ͡
µҩ
ʮĸ»صԵǣ켱æȥιµҩѸȶŷһЩ

˶٣쳯˵չ˺ôң
ְ֡
еȴЦĳİɣûµģ
£˲ڿնת۾ѾǼǼҵսţһԥ


1981 ֮
սţǧý˿һ˲㱬ȫʵھŴΧ֮ܲУҲչֳԼľԷɡ
ȻڽʮӵļսУȴط֣ǰܲȻص˾Ѫʱ򣬵ȴûô·磬ȻǾŴǱߣ˵ѹŴ򣬿ʵȴԵΪΣգüζˡ
¾ԼǿƣȴҲûʲô̫õЧܲΪŭԵʳױγһһ಻ĹƣԵЩǱ
аŷǰ
һ޴âǿôΣеľŷʱȫ˿ȴǼΪء
Σ
ŷۣ˵ܾܲô˰ɣܲԲȻһѪ»Ҹȼ
ǱҪһԲߣ
Цһ£漴ֻá䡯һǰܲĹУǱâȻըѿܲķԲ֮ڶûܽӽ˵ȥʲôʵԵ˺ˡ
뷨ôŷ˶٣ʵ
Ѫ´ôõĽرһ˽һЩô᲻ʲôûע⵽أŷʵ

ŷ㶣εҡͷ˵ɽ£һ֪һЩɰܲȴһǰǴ򽻵ĲҰܲʵ֮ǿ¡
ˣŷûٶԣɫҲʱԽ
ʱ似ãһõʮΪۣеĻѲɻҪٴʩչʱ似ڶͬһϣǿɾͲʮôˡ
ԼãڶεĴǷģҲǳ屶ӵķȥҲ˵ڶβʩչʱ似ǷɹôҪľʮξͽǰ֮࡭
⣬һͨˣΣ
ֱ󡭡
ء
ŷԻ̸֮ʱǰ֮ѪȻѣֲĺǰ˴ǰҲһһƺŵɶ
ֳ
ŷ״ʱ
ã󣡡
ͻأģѪʱźȻ֣λ޵ɶķλãƺ֮ǰѾƻ˵ģֱΪ˵Ľվγһʮվλ
ҽһ˲䣬ֻ޺ǲ»βõѪˣȴٴλָԱ壬һޱȿ񱩵ϢҪģȴӿϢ·ܹ໥ںϣһĸо
ˣ
ŷûٺ˵ʲôѪٻ֮ڿն𣬹ϰ׹ʢת۱ѾָǾβƷı壬޴˫ȶǾŵβ𣬷ɵ֮УʶڴʱŴޱγһĵĲվλ
ɶʱ䣬ɷ裬Ŵ쳤Хֲ˲ӿŴɢϢΪһӿУγһɫĹâ·ųԽ˵һ㣬ʼΧƲݡ
ÿһȦռԽҵĲڹ֮ȴԳһֲֿѹ
һ̣µضܵѹ·һɫµţ⼫𺳣ĸоȴǸΪУʱ˿̷·ãǰѾǾŴޣǺһ֮չֳ֣ױȵĴڣܲǶЩ֮ϡ
֮
һ̣Ŵ޵ͬʱֳƣַبžԶϣһĴ
ܿռǷӿʶƵĴ˷ǰܲϼѹŪǼһɢѪⶼѹ˻ȥܲ˸ɫѿ
һʼڣǸܵһΣһֲ֪궼ûܸоľ޴Σ
˫ӡĸħͷ죬ͬʵʰѪâǿʱӿֻһĿռĦ֮ӣҲܿռ伸ơ
ܵ˵ǾŴ޻ǰܲ˫չֳһжΪ֮Ȼ
䡭
ֻ֮ը쿪Ʒ˸˵â߿裬絽ĩһ㣬ڳ˶ס˺ɫһ
ƣ
ֲĻУŴ޶Ȼͬʱһ쳤ХϷ·ܵʲôĻ۳һɣƵķУܻǿѹ£˲䳯ǰܲڵλնȥ
ǡ
ռݣǿ˺ܵһУִ۵ĵâУЩ谵Ļ˲䱻յô˶ʮִۣ鲻Խķ׷ס۾
𡭡
һ̣ǰܲ˾޴ΣȻһͬҰްŭ𡭡
ѪӿͬʵƵֳһѪӰļмٳת۱ǵ޴ĵâͷϿȻײһ𡭡
ŴŴš
䡭
̶ŪöĤۣʵ˸ǱѪҽ֣εȷЩ
ѪӰûôֿ㱻âֱ鿪ȥͷƷԽâҲŸΪѸ͵ƣܲϮȥ

ܲŭһȴǽ˸ֶַΡ
䣡
һ̣âܲȫ˲㱻УֻžкȻŰܲŭ
ۡ
һѪѪ˲ܲȴǽ˴ԭʧֻѪĲƮɢǵֲĵâȴڰܲλüһɢȥϾԾŴ޵ʵҪάôǿĹ̫ʱ䣬Ҳǲôܵ顭
ϧǣûܹɱܲ
ৡ
ܲμ˸ǵâʧ֮ھŴİ׿³֡
ʱİܲǱէһȥȴǼûʲôõĵط
ϵѪڣѪͣΪâԵʣЩƤֳһƬƬĺɫֻͷϵһЩëŪøɸɾֲҵӣǸմӱ˵úӳƵġ
Ҫһ㣬ܲȷܵ˲ƣϢЩȣ˫ѪУȴ˸ԽɫһҰƵġ
ǾȻϷ򣡡
ϷɱǣĲΪˣ
ܲҧ̧¾һľŴޱ壬ͬž󣬿ȴ˸оκεĺЦֻһԽɭɱܿռ䲻
ŴŴš
Ҳ֪ܲЩʲôۣܵͬʱϢԽͣζһ̱ø˲٣һǿҵ֮С
ǶϷȥ
ܲŭ˲ڿն˫趯֮УѪɫֳһֲѪɫصĺݺݲһ˦β㳯ǾŴڵλֱϮȥ


1982 ͵Ϯ죬ʼƴ
ѪɫХܿռѣǿĳռѷ֣·ΪǰܲŭͶ֮֮ǰѸ͵ơ
ɣŴκһ˱еĻ㲻Ҳñضˣֱ˲ѡ
ã
ŴȻҲоΣɫ˲ͬʱܿ컯ΣԥʩչǿķֶΣͬʱθԷ˳ͬķ˿ȥ
ɽһĻȴǲûֱѪ
ֻðܲѪһĨâȻӡһ˲䣬Ѫɫӵ˲ת䷽ͬ˲ƵĳԹڵλãϮȥ
ٶȣ֮֮ǰ٣֮ǧ׵ľ룬գۼ
ոշӦɲǣѪɫȻûиʲô׼ʱ䡭

ɫ˲䣬һɿҪˣɼˣѪɫȴһܽӴ
䡯һ죬·ܹԼڹѵǿĳһ˲ȫģ·𱻳λƵģһڿѪȪӿ˳

ŷ״ʱٵࡣ
ԥǿƳֵ֣һѪɫĳȻΪŷҲ˲Ѫȫ֧Ųס
á
λҲǷ׷׸ϽǵУȻ죬ȻסѪɫĹʵȴǱĲϷˣֲֶֿ֮סþŴ޵ɫҲһ̲԰˲١
ְ֡
·УһӦġ
߲ϼֱɶϣߺޱȽţι˺üŵҩָϽԪڣڵ״֮ʱ̲סˮ䣬εƵģ˿ж
ʱطټλ̫ϳϣԼҲ׷Ϊ֮⣬˾ȫֵ֣Ѫɫ͵ĳ
ʮ˵ǿ֣ǽѪɫĹȫ£ҲûôҺһɼˣ˷ֵ֮£ÿܵĳҲСûôأȴҲòϣǵԵĻ¾ŴԼҲұ֤˵治֮ǡ
УܲһУѪɫʱɻصߣûɢͬƵΧ˫۸ޱȵ鶯
һĻôҶȻ׹ѪɫǽǰܲĹֶô򵥡
ְֵΣ
Թĵʵ
ãȻˣֻҪʱָܹɡ
ˣЦһ£żɰְڵʺٳˣ֮ǰʹʱ似Ѿĵʮٳ֣صģ
ܳ֡
⻰һɫ䡣
ˣ־Ͳְɣ
һ֣ôˣղǰܲȻҲѾˣƴҲҪúϢ
˵棬ļŤͷ쾵һۣ漴ĿӹЦλ˵أ
ս
Ҿûκԥס
ս
һ֣ͬǿҵɱ
ʼڻԪ½ڣʲôʱͿ񽣶ǽĵֵܣ¿һֱΪɲֵ֮Զڵģ
ԿҲǽ
ˣȴԽ̼˿񽣵ŭпܵĻ޲ýܲƤʬΣȻٰݺĥó
עһ㡭
ʱĿˣǿĲʹ࣬ѪɫӦĸħ˵Ǳ˫ֽ㻯ҲӦŶԣթ
һԣ׷ɫ˲䡣
ȴǼæְ֣˵ˣúõϢ
ԣúϢǱǣԵҲ׷׳
ģ
ĬĬףٴα˫ۣԪУǿеԪתͬʱľİæָҲܳʲôΣա
չ˺ְ֣
ã
ҳ˵һ䣬ǽڿնֱֱĳǰǰܲȥ
ĳ֮⣬ֻзˡ
Ů˲ɢγһȦŮΧм䣬ֹпֵܳ⣡
ȻҪĻ˵һڰлһͬѪɫǴҾͱҪСġ
Ҳ˵˻ָ׼ϳֵʮϣ
ʱѾ˾ܲٶ׵λϣһӿȻеԪʱֵ׼
ûʲôڰܲѪһУѪɫٴκХһȴǳΧŶѪɫƶ䣬ܷưޱȺ˵ơ
ƴˣ
ʮȻ΢ȴûһûж˵ʲô
ʱ䣬֮ڶŴɫӿһֱǽǸԼǿ˳ΪľǺͰܲƴ
û

ûǣʱ似𵽵ЧʱƵģ
ϵԽǽԽԽҲָܸ̫ܲƵʱᡣ
ѪǣȥԸܲ
ʱ򣬾ŷλ޽һ£ʱԵٶȣŵһ˲Ѫɫսһ𣬶ŷĻȴޱĴ˶С
طˣټ֮ҲǺܿ˾λǰ˼ĬĬͷ󣬱ԥμ٣˲ǰܲǰûκλֱӶ֣ǸǿĹơ

ܲѪâһǳ
ʵ½٣ȷ˲ƣȴûнʮ˷С
ʮ˵ĹƼܲһѪȻʢѪâһ˲㽫ǵĹȫסַ֮£Ūǲòܡ
εĽ֣һʼԵǱʮ˸ΪŭΪܲΪ˱죬ȴûκԥٴϯоԱҲҪϵܲһƤĲ֮⡣
ܲȻҲǵ뷨ǻһĨĻߺȴζȻԭʧٴγֵʱ򣬾Ѿ˴󡭡
ãģ
ط羪ȴѾˡ
ֻǰܲ˫Ѫâ˸˲ֳһֻ޴Ѫƣ޾ֲѹӸµĳλֱ¡
һУ·Ҫʮ˸ĳƵģѹķȫĻᶼûС
һ̣ɫѿ޷ҲֻѡӲ


1983 ŭеİ
ʮ˷׷һеԪȫȻˣֻѪɫƵļٱƽУȴԾǸоǰδеΣ·һ̾ͻᱻֱĳƵġ
ɳӲ֮⣬Ҫǲܵģ
Ȼ˷ֿԶ㿪ĵ·ǶףζʼնҪѪɫϣȻˣҵĶܣӲϾҶܴΣգ˵һЩ
ˣѪɫĽˡ
ʱ䣬ֻʮ˲Լͬķһȣƽеֶζһȫͷųһ㣬ʱһͷ׵Ѥþ󣬽ŸͬɫչֳʤĹ
䣡
һ̣Ѫɫƺݺݳ£һı·ƵģޱȺ˵ơ
ŴŴš
һռĦ֮ЩʹѤ˲䱻ƣĽΧռݡ
䡭䡭
ĺмʮʹƺߣֻһĺˣѪ±Щò¾мŮҲѪϾͿһõĵط
ҪǣѪɫƾȻûκͣµ˼ȻƱǣҪطʮ˳ơ
ã
ˣҴ˿ɫΪѿνǻϽ͡
Ȼǲûκ˼
ҲԲڰܲǰͷ
ȫתʣԪȻƴ׼¾ԱҲҪƴܲȥһЩƣǽܹһЩ
ڿѪɫƾҪٴαƽʱһ¶־˿ûκηĵʣԪ
Ȼܲʵɲֵܹ˵ģ
־ҪԱҲҪܹӽܲΧаֻѪɫƣӦ˵ˡ
ء
ţѪɫٶȶȻٴγ˺ݺȥ
ۡ
һʮֲңǿƵĳУǾͷ·һ򱻺ݺһ£ԭ׼ƴֶθûлʩչ㱻ݺݴѹ˲ĹǽѪܹǺüѵ
ء
˱ĵĲ¾תԪѹУȴҲ𲻵ʲô̫á

ܲѪһѪɫƶȻûһѪɫâʱʮڵλüϮȥ
ɣıЩѪɫâУǽɣ
ɴʱȻˣټֲֿѹʹǱ˵ˣ¾㶯һ嶼Եʮּʹ࣡
ۿѪɫâıƽһȻ֣·Եڳ֣ˣǴȴûκεͷ˼
Σкξ壿
Ϊɵʱһ߲ϼⶸȻ˱еͬʱּһ߲ӷǳβ𲻶ϷǽЩѪɫâȫ
µ߲ϼ⣬Լȵĵֿ
һ㶣Ƿʲôѽܣ
ôԣʮηӦǿʹȥʱȴѾȡǵλãڰУȲϷֵЩѪɫâĳȴطʮǴΣѳʱ԰ȫ
ģ
һĻܲȴɫһݣŭһ
ȻϷѾͷ˵
ܲɱ֣һѪɫѹŵľŴޣ˫ӡǱ赲ĵѪɫâٴһգۼĹһ޴Ѫֶ˶ֹ񺿰ĹһֻѪκεֿ˼
Уȴǰ𪽿۵Сͬŵӡʹϲʹʢ󳤳βͬƵĳǾ޴ѪƶȥͬʱȵıǼٱڲʹõͬʱһâһ赸ƵģҲ֮̾
ƣ
ľٶܲһĨм˲Ǳ޴ѪֱϮܿռĺݺݲȵβǱֱ˿ȥԿβƮĸֲ·ȥ
ôܣ
˲䣬ͬʱ̲סһģڸҲ˶ܵ˼Ӱ졣
Ѫɫ޽ĿȫֵɾȻҲ޷סܻԽԽֲѹȶ̲סˣǻ˿˿Ѫ
⣬ҲµıΣա
ˣҲֲ̫ʱˣϾڵİܲȻȫֵܹģ

ӣ죬ǳȥطǣ׷ɫ˲䡣
С㡭
̾һõĵͷʱμգ۱ԣƷӿԵԪҪǮƵڣʹõƵģȱ˵ȶһЩ
ɼˣ¾˵֣ȴҲֻ˵΢ֶܹѣҪֵǼǲôܵ¶
ǣϷȥ
ƺоԼܵ裬ǰܲ˫ѪһʱѪɫ޽ͬѪĹâʵһ㣬ƶһ̵õ˸
أ
ء
ţǽȻ𡭡
Ƿ̽ƺŵɶ³Ѫͬ޵Ѫţɳ˰ٶͣ£ɫȻ԰һѪɫ
һϵĲʹ˲һɻصڣ̲סһģʱϵ¹âҲ˲١
ƣ
һ̣ڰܲĶȻУѪɫ޽·˷ܼƵ˲ǿơ
ۡ
⧲֮±ֱӻУһѪֱֱŵѪ

״ɫȻ䣬ŭ˲ƱֱϮı˻С
һ̽һҺµıԼŮȻ׶༪١
ְ֣ģ
Ѫɫ޽ٱƽ컳о
콫̵ķ˹ȥ͵Ʒǣ˿ʱת˲ܷӿУֳ˲ͬɫİʱƬռж⣬ܵһжһΪ֮һƵġ

һѪ˵Ʒһ˲伱
ͬʱХһգ۱Ѫɫ޽ݺײһʱƬΪ֮·ĩյһ㣬ڳеĹսˣԶһЩڼսľŴ޺Ѫɫͣ
䡭
ֲĺǲƺķ£Ѫɫ޽ǱɢȥѪɫƮɣڰܲȴҲ̲סһѪѪĴģֱܹ˿ֲĹơ


1984 ޣǰ䣡
ʱİܲԾֻ۷ʵ죬ȴǸоһǰδеΣ֮ղʱΣлҪ
ģ
ǿסеĲʣۣܲ·ʲôѵľƵģȻָϼһξѪɿע뵽ѪɫڣѪɫʱǣһ˫޴۸ͬʵʵľâһ㣬ԵüΪˡ
Ŵ⧲Ǳֱ˿ȥæȶ֮ȫ̬
Ȼһ룬Ѫɫȴ͵һ˦β˲һ㳯ڵλϮȥûȥܾŴΡ
ͬʵʵյĴ׵壬ζû֮׹
ÿֲ
ۣȻΪ˶ŭޱȣȴδʧ
ʱӭѪɫʱֲ֮У
ʲôμٷˣͬʱǸղǿƻɢѪɫ޽İǿٵķ˻¾âȷ΢һЩչֳƣȴ޿ɱĴڡ
ƴˣ
֪ܲѾȫ
Ѫɫϣо˽֮֮ǰ͵ɱ
һã¾ͻɵ³
ȥ
еԪҽЩҩһιԪ뵤ҩ˫سУǰʱХѪɫֱӭȥ
ɲǼ䣬ֻܿռѣƬؼһжȫȻʧֻİԼܲѪɫ
䣡
ŵһ룬˫кݺݳһ𣬱ĺ죬ܹؿһռѷĲӳ֣Ƭռ䶼ʱһ㣬ڳɫǴ䲻ѡ
սһ
Ȼ壬ӿֲԼȴԿȳû⣬ļ˵ûκʤ֮
ϵ໥ײ໥˺ҧÿһεĶΧռ䣬ĿռӣſֲĲȥҪһ㣬ϵκξٶɼӰ죬䵱ѪɫռϷ磬ÿһצڰϵʱ춼ݺݲܵ˼Ӱ졭
ʱ䣬ǿʼ˿˿ѪȴûзԽƵļӴ
ұ
Ȼ䣬˱ǰһĻסʱ򣬰ܲȻһŭȣ漴Ѫɫ̳һţͬƵģϵѪȴԽҫۣչֳ˸Ϊֲ
ã
ƺʲôȻɫ˲䣬æҪٻ
ɣȴѾˣ
һ̣ѪɫȻըʱ֮䣬ǻصһ죬Ƭռ䶼֮ݺݲռƬɢԿѪɫλãȻһ˲һ޴ĺڶֲϢɢ
ã˿ˣ
·֮УڳҲֲֿܵǽ󷽷ˣ˳ǧ׵ľ룬ͣ¡
ʱеľŴҲ׷׺󳷣һ˵Ҳˡ
ء
ţֲֿĳнֻܻ˿·ɻصڣâŶʱڿҲ𲻵ʲôˡ
ǰһжûֳһɲǱݺݳϣʹȫûκεֿıֱӺɳȥһߣһڿѪ׹ء

Ŵ޼״켰ʱĴֲֿĿռо˻ȴֱըͿռһԵޱǱǿʵȴҲһ˲ܵ˲ơ
ְ֡
ɿǰɴʱȴ޷κλӦϢʮ΢ϸȥӦĻڵһ
үүְ̣֣
ţͶľضʱɫ䣬첽ǰ
ԺȻλȻҲС
⡭
Ͷľطֱץס֣ϸϸ֮ȴüͷ壬˵⵽ô¡
죬ھһƵġ
ԣ
ȻǺȻʲôصǽ˿޵״̬
ޣ
ôԣ˾һȫɻ
ľҲˣ˵ǡޡʲô˼
ְְ֣֡
ϣˮҪǮƵ
⣬Ǽ£
ɣ˭Ҳˣﻹһˣ
Ļ˾˵ҲǶԵģܲڣ
ֻǣ춼ģôʲôã
ûŴϳֽǽȻûܲԿ˶һ
ȥţ
֮£Ŵֻٴγ֣Ѿѧˣ嵽ǰܲߵʱȴǲ潻֣һδεĳŬʱ䣬ʶھŴУڵҲûʲô·硭
ʱɴڻԣҲ˵ֿ״̬Уһк֪
Ȼ첢ûȥһ˿дĺڴҿȴһּΣյף˭Ҳ֪һ˿΢ĺʲôʱȻɢ
ͻأģǰսͺ˵ĹעУϺȻɢĹΣɫɫ໥ƣԵǰһبžԶ֮У˷׷ɫ£һŵš
ǿ쿴үƣ
ţ񽣴
ʵò˵ҶѾˡ
ǺɫɫεУϵۿɼٶȻָ԰ֽɫڴʱ𽥴˿˿ĺΣͷ·ֻһ˯˶һ
Ψһģȴǽĺô΢
һ˼ڴ֮ɫ֮⣬ľضЩɡ
һУ˵ȫ֪顣
˿̷·ƮƮһƬ֮УΧȴֻɣǽһĻ棬ЩȫУΪһеǡ
ˣԱؤȵȲһ㣬ЩлһЩԼܵӣԼʮף׸ߵķӵȵȣаԾ첻ѡ
ÿһ涼ʮֵϤ鲻ԽУȫʱţһС
֪׹ȥãһ˲еĻȫʧȡ֮ȴһƬԼ֮ͬɾĻ첻ɵһһǰδеϤгȫ
ˣٴν뵽һ״ֻ̬ԼԺļֻ֣𵴣ƱһƵģԵЩմ
Ȼ䣬Ȼ
ĵһ
һ죬ף
һиףĸкüܵã
һӣŮ
һкܶܶ࣬ȴѡתȻȥ֮ãԼҲֻžŰʮһ֮࡭


1985 תֻأǰĸ
ûǰף
ȻǰһǸųơ
ΣѾָ׵м䣬ӳһУȫ˳˿鼫Ϊӡ
е֪ԼߵΪʲôôϤȴָоİ顭
ˣɴֿ޵״̬УϤԼ֮ǰʮƿصһУȻϾԼУϤҲȻܿ죬֮¿ʼȷҪ˲١
Ȼʱ˿ϢԽƾ֮⣬ȴûʲôı仯
ʱİܲȴѾȫѹžŴȥ״̬ҲԽΣա
أ
Ȼ䣬һ촫ǾŴͬʱ˿ȥ
Ÿָ˸ԱǣȴޱǱг󷽽ת˼ȦиƮЩѪŴȻܵ˼ĳҲͦء
һĻ·ٹǣĿⶼ׷ױ˹ȥ
žŴǱѹŴòӣǰܲŲģ˶üͷ
òϣܲʵͣɶڴ˵ȴҲǼԵֿĴڣ
ǣ
ζʱ˲ǽս룬Ͻɫâʢͬʱȴһʱ֮佫ǰܲþŴܹʱ԰ȫ
Լģ
ŴҲûǿ˵ʵڵģŵļսǵȷѾɽˮĵز
ƲֵĻǾƴҲƵֵ˶ã
ɼˣڰܲ˷ַУֶܹʱ䣬˭Ҳ˵
ְ֡
ûô࣬˫ǵǡ
ľ߹ȥסС֣ӣİɣְֲµģ
û˵ʲôĵ׶ͶľػЩԹ֪ȴһֱ˵ӣΪ
ֻڶԷǳүү̣Ҳö˵ֻһֱע˿κε©
Ҳ֪γοֻܾԡ
ǰУǻƺͰܲļսڳţܲȻʼͱɻƻָǽ¹ı壬ȴҲûʲô̫õãϵĹâһЩһѪâĳУ˲ٵѪڡ
ȴûκȴ˼鶯˫¹ӣ˸ŵǸΪɭɱ
ʱ˿̣ڿ״̬е죬ȴڲϵϤǰּ䣬´Ͽûʲô̫ı仯ʵȴԺڲȻڷ츲һ㣬ֻļ䲻ϱɣʹָҲڲϼ
ʱַĹȥԭ˿ϢȴǿʼԵı仯ʱ粨ӿʱƽˮԱ߹ǣһſҲǵ˼㡣
ȻȴǰгһҲ漴¶һĨοֻϧ˶ľ֮⣬ȴע⵽
ʲôľײײļ򣬵ʵ
ν⸣ҲøˣǺǡ
ЦŻصöľضʱ۾һ˵
ꡭ
ʳָڴߣľݸһЦ֮ɫԱŴʱڵϵ죬ȴ˫ֽճȭڴΪԡ
ܿ죬ǰСءһǻƵı¹ǿˣͷϵ¹Ƕ񱻴һЩ±ѪȾжˡ
ǻƻЩʵĻ¶Ѿһ߱ʬ塣
ơ
״ʱɫһ䣬æȥƽס
ǰܲȴڼУѪȻ·һɨܿ춨ϡ
ֲȶϢ仯ΣðܲüȴһɱһּΪҷɱ
Ҫʲô
طȲ˶վ˳챣
Ȼܲȴûǣûȥ׷ɱ»Ƶ
ѪֻĶϣɱ֮⣬Ṵ̃ǿȺƵģͲûֱ¿ˮˡ
Ϸ
ܲһ֣ǿѪâʱȴδ뿪벽Լͬܵ˼岻ϻζǽǵѪâ
Ϊ˱죬Ǿܺˣ
ǣ
ۣܲɱѸӿһɲǼ㽫ʮС
εֱֵѹУҲһëȻ֮У·㱼俴ޱߵѪʵϵͣͻһزõλôһ˲㱻Ūû£ǵļᶨͱŪùڵˡ
ɱҸΪŨһֻ̣ǵǰЩˣ˵ǧҲ׷ɫ䲻ѣкüʵ͵ģֱನأֱŪѪ󵹵ûһ㷴֮
գԽأ
ǰܲ·һͻչɱ¾ڳȫ¾ɱƵġ
һɲǣͻأһº͵ϢӶ£ɫĹâ·Ƭʣâ䣬֮˾ķ֣ϵƲܴСжأǶۿɼٶȻָš
һĻ漣ƵģôĿɿڴ
˭˭ƻϷĺ£
ܲȴǷŭУ˫۷·һ㡣
㿴ңģȴǸ㲻ô¡
Ψľأƺʲôɵö˼ڴȻͶľصڴУǷ޶ɫȴֱüΪӺ͹졣
еӾ͸Ϸվ
ϷҪ˭ıӵϷΪУ
ܲڲϵŭţͬʱѪӿ绯ħſ֡
֮ϣЩɫâУµһһŮӰ֣Ȼһ֣еգԼȴǿԼãǵòʮᣬҲһʮӰˡ
һһŮֵʮƽһռ䲨û
ͥŲȴգ۱ǰŰ״ҶסˣŪ˵Ǻݡ
ͻأģͶľ˳ȥ˽ǰ
ˣ
ľͬʱ
ǵģеס
Ҳ뿪ʱˣһ̾Ťͷǲᡣ

ٴεͷŮȴĵȵ˵ɣ
ЩûͷûβĶԻһͷˮ
٣ã
ȴǺǰȥȻƺΪǣȴҲ
Ҿһܹǿ˳֮Ϊٵģֻô
Ǽֱ
ʱתĻᷢȻֵһһŮǱˣǰĸĸ


1986 ڤѣ
ߣǰ׵ĸĸڤ
ֻΪԵüΪģ֮⣬ҲֻͶľʶˣƶֻǴһ١ĳƺЩ²ˡ
ǲ˵𣿡ľüʵ
˵ƣʵϵȷЩ벻
ʱǱʱ
ҡҡͷһڵϣϢӯ죬ԼԹվߣǵĳּӶѾͷҲָӡ
Ҫߣ
ľغɫ䣬˻һ˶ʱ׷ɫһݣȴɻ󣬲⵽Ǻ˼
Ȼǣ
ҡҡͷδ͡
ľ컹׼˵ʲôȴһסˣûٶԡ

Ļһүү𣿡
ΪºͣͬһޱȴƵĳǳ硣
Ȼ֮ȴֻҧҧ촽˿ûж˫鶯Ĵ۾ӡ
磬㡭
һֱû˵ڤûĳһۣ漴ԵüΪģȥߣѾͷڹүү̵鰡ˣˣ̹ȥүүźóְְְ
ְ֣
ἰ죬ʱ۾һְֵ𣿡
ȻɵѾͷбҪƭ𣿡ڤһЦ
⡭ðɣ
ԥһ£ȻǰڤʮģȴַܹܵĵůŲɵõͷͬ
뿪ߺȴδ㣬ǾֱȥͶľм䣬˵ĸ첲ǳ̶Ƚ֮Դڤʱ򣬲˿ɲһ㡣
һĻڤĿЦãȴҲö˵ʲô
硭
ڤٶԣһ¡
ģµģ
Цһ֣һȻγɣǼˣټͻ֮˶ȫȥһƬƵġ
ʱڤչֳĿ
ȥȷֻʮʮңȫûһԪֻͨƵģʱĻȴ˲ֱţ㡭ǡ
ôת֮󣬾ͲʶˣЦЦ
Ʋμ٣μˣʱȥѡ
ˣɣ
̧̧֣ƣ֣ܲΪ峤תȡĴУҲñʮһϯ֮أ
л٣
Ȼһ򵥵ĻȴûƼ֡
֪
һ̣㶸ȻŤͷȥȻЩ𣬵ǳǳЦݣȴ˵û
֪ûʲô⡣
˺ˣȥˣͲˣ
ڤӯӯЦ㣬»֪ᷢʲô鷳أͽֹǻȥ֮һ뿪ǣ
ллã
ЦЦ漴ȴԥҪǶˣ
ӦԼ
ľأԼͻ˾ЩֹУȻˣǾͲܲܣȻȻȥ֮ǻĵң
ô˻ڤɵһڣޣ
ҲһݸȴǼڴϣ
˶٣ǰ׺ͮ꣬ڳ֮ע˸ԼͼԣȻȷڳˣ˵ֺγһƣ
Ϊƣ޷ͻһ㣬Ӷѡֻأ
žŰʮһΣż֮ѳɣһҲעعһ
ټֱ֣֮ںϵĻԵѳɣ
˵УҲûʲôϱӿ漴˫ͺڶ˳űĻֻ֪Ϊʲôʱˣȴûдʲôĸоͽ·Ǹһ㿴һ㡭
ְ֡
ĿתĶţţȫǵǡ
İɣµģľ§ס磬
ʱڰɫâƲѣƺȻг֣˲ǽǻȫҪһ㣬γһѭ˵Ϣ𽥱翣ʱֱӷһ㡭
ڤ⣬˶ŲѵĶ죬۾Ųһ¡
ڸղ֮˵ȴҲǴһͨĴš
˻֮⣬
Ҫز٣Ҫںϣȴһޱȼѵ飬ܹɹһ
ѾѾɣ
ڹȥʮӺȻһһŶǶСŮȻ֣ҲеѾѾˡ
ѾѾ
۾һʱҲǼεģ͵͵Ӳ֪
ѾѾŶ
ѾѾüЦ˦һף˵УЦѡ
Ҳʱת࣬ͻҲ׷׳ѾѾкɲ˿С֮⡣
ˣѾѾһȰ£
ЦãѾѾ·ƵģһڣƮߣǰǱֵ죬ȴͷգ۾ѽأҪ𣿡
ǵģ°ɣͷ
õޣ磡
ѾѾһЦû˵ʲô£С趯֮Уһ߲ʹâıʱҪ⴦ģȴԵĺڰ׹Σ
ʼи֣Ϊ߲ɺȴУ¹ڻ֮ѾѾҲǳˣһ޶飬ѾȥѾѾȴʼնǸģɰ
ȥ
ѾѾ򴽣ٴλֵɲǣıʱϿգɢΪŨǽУȥ˽ʱ䣬Ű·˳
磬ɿ
ѾѾЦų˵һյһߴߴ˵ͣͯɻչֵ쾡¡
ˣҲˣ
鿴һڵĵͷ󣬵񣬻ƣǻȥ
ǣ˺ԥӦŵ
ǡ
˶٣ֿͶľأԵüΪԥ
磬ԼѡɣϾҲһĸĸڤ
Ҳֻˣҿɲ뺢ӽң
Ƭ̣漴̾
˾٣Ͷľضʱһϲл
ˣѾѾú棬ȸûʱͻɣֵ
֪ˣ磡
ѾѾĻӦûһۣŪһΡ
ա
㣬ڤͻ뿪ˣûκ˵ע⡣
ǱŪռҲ֮ʧٴγ֮УǴչҪʲôʱ򣬺ȻѾѾͬʱŤͷȥĵְ֣˰


1987 ŭİܲ˲أ
ոѣ˫۶ЩɵʱǱԭչˣȴɫǿ˲䡭
ֻռеѹٴοֲӣգۼǽطЩ֮ˣ׷׸ܵ˼ǿѹǵıüΪء
ǶҪҪ
Ѫٴδʢǰܲ˲䴫
Ҳ֪ô£Ҷܹеĸܵǰδеıŭƺʧȥԣ͵ħһ㣡
ˢˢˢ
ûиҶ˵ʲôĻᣬǰܲѪ⣬·һѪɫƶƵģڵλʵļƮɶ
Уִ̱ǵѪȣԼֲѹ˲֣ʹ˱ͺѿɫڴ˿̸ޱȣ·ʱγˮ
ҵģ
æڳ˶׷׸еľԪǼתʱܵһб㱻Ĳʹ⣬ȻЩʹĳ֣ȴɳֳѹƵľ棬ѪɫƶѹѪʵϵ͵ǸǿѪû˶
һĻʹ˸𺳲ѡ
Ϸȥ
ŭУѪâֱֱȺ֮Уգۼʮ˱Ѫâ¾ѾǿķֶΣȴҲ޷һֵĵ
ȻַܲıŭУûκֵͣ˼Ϊɱ¾Խ̼˷ͷϿյѪɫƶУٴνѪâŴ̶ƿ֮·˼Ϯȥ
һ̣ʲôѪƵģһѪâ಻ϵˮֱ˵˼㡣
ϡ
ʮ֮˼ٷɢȥÿһһΧڵͬ飬ȫֵǵҲһʱ佫ЩѪâ
Ȼ־޴ĳԼֲѹȴһɫѿ
棬ߵѾѾ֮⣬̶ȥæˣɼˣ־޴ѹķӿУԾ˵ɫѿһʱȫֵ֮⣬ûκİ취ֻĿЩѪâϵĳԼԽԽֲѹ
ৡ
ϡ
ѪâϳԼ˵ĵֵ֮УռѣЩҵıԽأ¾ʵʮˣǾҲһΪ̵֮С
ۡ
ʵУͻƲõλ£̲סĽ˺üѪɫò԰ײѣҲֲ˶೤ʱˡ
ҲܣȻûλѪɫҲ𽥷԰ףȻҲڸǿš
Ϊ˱ңҲƴȫ
תֹۣȥ˼ӡ
ʸ׵壬ͻȻƺһ˱Ѫâĵɶص׹ȺԵǱ
һ̣˵ķдһȱڣʮѪâϮ룬ʱȺ֮ڣգ۱һĲҺ֮ʮʻʹʧȥ
⻹û꣬Ͷḻ̌ǿɣűʮϰٵѪâȺĲҺһ߾ߵʬ壬μֱ֣
ҪǣЩѪâĳУ˼ûʲôֿ֮¾ȫԸҲӲѪâɱԼɡ
Сʱʱ䣬İ˲ռжѪϢһȴǸӴ̼Ѫâԣ˸ŵѪⶼʱҫ࡭
ڼѵֿѪâ˵ڰܲıŭУɱʱȴϥȻѾѣȴЩ¶̬֮ǣѾѾСվߣĹעһб仯ΨʱʱǱߵ۹⣬˵ǲĴҡ
ֻѾѾʱ˿Ϥֻһˣ
Ϊ飬Ѿ˲֪꣬˵ȴǺעֻҪû£˾ʲôϵ
ȱľˡ
ڣֹȥһٴλۡ
֮ǰɣ峺
Ŀ⳯ѾѾȥվЦŮѾѾþòһˣ
ְ֣
һŵ죬۾ĴģѾ˼Ứ
ңСѾͷһˣǿˣ
΢Цŵͷſ˫۵ɲǣǷѾѾһ˵컳Уءְ֣㿩㡭ڻ̫ˣ̫ÿ
Ӵ
УѾѾȴǲ죬СӷɵϣסĲӣףŮˤˣ˵ôɣ
мʵӣѾѾֿɰ̬ټͷϲ˦Сӣȴ˿κεķŭֻЦ⡣
˺ˣСѾͷɴˣôϲޱӰ
ЦЦ
ߣŲأ˼ҿŮ޿ôˣ
˳ӣȻ컳ɿȴǽסĸ첲һͻǰһȻʧƵġ
ǾȻң
ѾѾվϣ˫ֲ죬һӡ
ѾѾôûôǳ󰡣
ЦǺǵĽѾѾץ󣬶ʱֻǱĴָһЩСѾͷɥĲӣȴҲû취֡
Ҳϰˣ
ǰʱһᱻǸʱ򻹺С׵ȼСһҲ֮кһⷽʽɡ
ףˣ
ѾѾʵ̲סˣЦģŽſЦǺǵӣȴӭѾѾһۡ

Ա߿ЦѣѾѾЩƵĳ˹ȥһһСѾͷʱЦ쿴΢΢һв˼ֻͻɫ
ˣˣ
һҶΣ֮Уǿɲôɣ
ף˵Ҫôɣ
ѾѾҧ촽ĵְ֣Ҹ˵ˣҲܰģһжֻܿԼ
ʲô
ԣʱĶ˶š

ֹһ£УѾѾԺˣϾھ죬ͽҵ֣Σ
ðɺðɣҪҽС죿
ѾѾԴ漴ǻЦĵֽ˺üġС졯ŪЦá
Ҳûзԡ
Ͼ˵ѾѾҲĳƺΪⷽ˵컹Ľһùء
С죬ָǰʵѾѾʵ
ж٣಻߰˳ɶѣ
ЦҡҡͷڱϾǰһˣҸղֻǻָǰ䣬мڻͨʵ沢ûʲô̫Ĵٽã
߰˳ɡܲأͽǻţָֻܻأѾѾСĵͷЩ̬֮ŪΪ
ˣ˵ˣ
ڰ֣˫ȻһеĳǰȥĿĿܲԵԼȥҵðˣ
£һȻϿգϺڰɫâʢγһ޴̫ͼת֮ķЩֲѪâȫȥҲǳɹΣʱ
ȻܲǲôΣĽͲס


1988 ָߵ

磡
졭
ϡ
ֱ㽫ЩѪâߣ־޴̫ͼУѪâ𽥱ɢ˷׷׳һϲѵĳƺҲ֮ѿڶӵе˷չֵĸ쾡¡
Ϊ˶յһλԣЦѡ
Ϊһ֮ǣҲȫ޷ˡ
һЩ
ʸͷĿڵ
Ǳˣ
ͷɫøǿˣѵǸղšŶˣλأ
ڤĳ֣˵Ĺעǵ뿪ǴŻƺ뿪ȴûж˼
Ҳѹǻˡ
֮ǰ죬ʲôĹһ֮ɫڳֱǺڰɫ֮ΪձеȷҪ߳һΡ
ֻǣİܲʵ̫ǿĻĶ
˼ŵعעš
˿̣Ѫâ֮ǰܲȴǸΪŭһ˫סѪӿɱһеŭ棬޲һ̱㽫ʬΣ
֮ǰڤĳ֣Ҳۼˣȴûʲôĸо
߿ô˵ΪŭԵʣܲɱ֮⣬ͷѾû˼
ɱɱɱ
˿̣ȴֳǧýϱڰɫâȫƣϢøΪʱضռΪһƵģôֻǶǵĴڣеֹŹָо޷ȥϸ
죡
ܲǴӺмƵģʮֵɭ졣
ʮ㣡
ৡһ£ɴѪɫƶ䣬ڵλֱϮȥ
յƺҪһɱƵġ
һʱ˫ֿӡǺڰ׷ȴ໥Ƶľ޴̫ͼȴǼٷѪֱӭȥûκ
ŴŴš
ܿռѣѪ̫໥ײʱĽռ䶼֧ŲסƵġ
죬Ϸ
ʱŰܲһŭȣȻӰٶ׿嵽ǰֳֵĸħѪʢѪɫƽ֮֮ǰκʱҪϺܶࡣ
Ȼû뵽һĻˡ
ڰܲ˿ֲĹУ˺һЩǧý֮ںڰ׹âӿеǰǽ֮ܲĹȫ£ı鶼ûбһΡ
ʱѪɫĸħںǧýĽӴУʱ䶼һͣ٣ڸ˵ԪתУγһʮֵֽľ棬δһռκϷ硣
ţ˱֮мսĵǴʮּң仹Ѫ̫໥ײ˵ļսһǿı˹עĿԽء
עĿģȴ죡
Ͼ֮ǰ¾ܲʵ½ǱѹŴΣҴӹȥЩʱʮϳֵǴҶܹװܲǿ󣬶ء
ϲ֪׷ʲôȻܹܲ˼սĲָߵͣôβȣ
Ȼھȵͬʱȴֶ˼ϲΪʱ䵽ɱܲѪµϣ
гһԼܿĵѾѾ֮⣬ֻͶľضôˡ
֪ģ˴˿̵ȴǼΪӡ
עܲļսŨŨĲ
磬ô죿ľԥţʵ
ңʲô㣿
˫һ̯Цˣֻ˵ģԼ뷨
ôˣľֵ
еãֵȻĶΪ֪ٵķѩɽׯ֮
˿̣öľ֮ԺĬþδ
ģǰдһԭͰܲļսѾԽȻ
ʱһЦҲû취ľʧʲô
ԣǵ֮ǰ˵Ļ𣿡ľص

һ֮˲ʱ۾һ˵
ڤ֮ǰ˵һԼôȻҲ϶ľˡ
ңǶദ첻ܷΪĸǵģ
ô˵һҲֻеܲѪ֮ȫ˸ɾվ
һʱ䣬Щ˲ٶԣǣֳǰյļսȥȴ֮ǰ˵˼ŨŨڴ
ôȻôǿ
սܲȴԽͣѪҲΪȡ
ֱţ֮ǰѹŴ죬ȴս˲ָߵ͡
㲻׵黹кܶ࣡
ǧýϹȴЦܲڣҲѪµĩգɣ
£ûȰܲشǵڿգϺڰɫâȻʢ˲ֳһһһУƬռľҲŰܲλüϮȥ
һ̣Ϊ֮𵴣
ĳҪƵģޱ֮С
ã
ܲȻɫ䣬ԥӡܵѪȫʱ˵ǰγһѪɫ޶ܣ
޶ϣһģѪɫħͷ֣һ񺿰Ĳҽǣڳ˲òԪס˫ǵĸ΢滺һЩ
һ̣ȻѪɫ޶ܺݺݳһ
䣡
䡭
ֲĺƬռ䣬Ľ·ٴνˣʩֶνеֵȻˣȴҲв˱ѪΪҡ
ۡ
ܲһѪ˵Գģһ˫ѪʱĴģ𺧡
ôҲţԼȻĻˣַƻᡣ
죬ȴ۾һеɲǣȻѪɫ޶ܵٴκХֱֱŰܲȥҪʬεơ
죡
ܲ״òȫתٶ˼£ȫٶγһΪǱĻ棬ô˵ܲʵվףںڰĹУҲǽܣûٸȥʲôʵԵ˺

ôܣȫ˵ôܱͬһƿأ
ѵ죿ôܺȻôǿ
Īǡ
һ߶УܲԺȴ˸Ÿ뷨Ȼ뵽ĳһ㣬ȴǲɫٴ˲䣬˵Ӷ˵
˭ҾͲˣҰܲĻ
һŭţܲеʱѪ죬ֲһɲǼȫӿ
һĻҲȷû뵽ģ
΢΢㵼䣬ܵ˼谭һʱû취ͻƣֻܲĽţһӮֵΡ


1989 Ѫںϣ񱬷
Уڳ˵ɫΪѿ
˭Ҳ֪׽ʤ븺ȴ뿴ʧܣΪ£һʧܾζɡ
ԼȴҲͬ
ָ֮󣬶ڰܲԼѪµֱɱ֮⣬ȴҲף֮ǰʱ似𵽵Чһĸʱȥôܲʵٴλָʱʲôĺ
ԣҪĸʱ֮ڽܲɱҲҪ䳹׷ϵС
ڣȴѾȥ˲һʱĸʱʣµҲˡ
ʱ˿̣ܲҲԵüΪ
Ȼ֮ǰʹʱ似ƣȴҲףһƶûУĻֻҪƴʩչʱ似ǿֱӤ״̬
ԣܲȷЩʱĴ㡣
ɳ֮⣬ַУɱҲԽŭѪӿѪԼЩӵĿֲƣȴҲðܲԵԽκһ֮ǰ侲
⣬ǻŶ̰
飬Ѫ֮Ĺȵȣ
˷ֽ֣ڰ׾Ѫɫ޶ܲжײĲͬƵĽ·׹䣬Щԭʮּʵĵ棬ڴ˿ѾһӶֱҲ̶á
˿˺ԶɶܵӰ𵴣ѪɫŨŨ֮ɫ
һͲˣ
Ҫץʱ䣬ȴһ̶Ȼ˫кһ֮ԪӿʱǺڰøΪͣŵĺڹ׹⣬ҲϢĺȻ
ƣ
͵һŭȡ
ͬʵƵǺڰǱ˻ذƣݺݳѪɫ޶档
ŴŴš
䡭
ſռһĦ֮ǿֲĶײҲը쿪ƬصĲ
Ȼôǿ
ܲζ˺ü£ɫҲЩ԰ףѪɫ޶ܼҡΣȻҲǼδһ˵ֱˡ
ͬǣѪɫ޶ϵĹâ΢һЩ
Ȼûʲô̫õãʵ϶԰ܲĳҲȷܴ˿̵ıΪѿҲǸܵһֽ֮֮ǰκʱ򶼸Σ
ôȥȻϷ򶨻ʮֱ
ٴӡǺڰ׾Ҳ֮ӯȫðܲһһ˫ѪڴʱҲԵԽ񼸷֡
ȻˣϷͺƴˣ
ʲôƵģܲݺһҧĻص˶ϡ
ֻѪɫ޶ܼٱ󣬽ĺڰ׾⣬ߴʮϰף·ڵĻͬĿռһ㣬ͬʱܲӡѪʢɲǣķۡ
ţܲ϶ȻϢӣĿռ䲨֣һѪɫٶգ۱ðܲѪɫΪŨĿռϢ˲ǳӯȫðܲ·ΪһǶǵĴڡ
ǡô£
оЩԣһֲֿѹ֣üͷ
֮
һ룬ܲ͵һѪ˲仯Ѫܿռ䣬˵ȴԽȻ岢ûκγ󣬵ȴһָɽֹĸо
Ѫռ䣬ںϣ
ţŰܲһӡĴٴȳ
ʱһѪɫӴи֣գ۱㱻ܵĿռ䲨˲ȫƽ˵ֱΪһ壬ðܲıԽŤ
ںѪռ䣿Ǹղ񲻾Ѫ飿
ۣжȻһֲ֮ӡ

ͻȻ䣬Ѫɫ޶ȫȻʧܲЦ
ȻˣȻˣϷ֪ѪںϵýϷѾѪ
ЩͷβĻٴü
Īǣ˵ɽ£
ͷһתɵÿЦɽҲĺܱ߰ͷβһֱܲãǿɱ
죬Ϸ
һ룬ŰܲһȣʱһƬѪӶѪǿĿռѹ˲ʱ㽫ڵλƿռƵģʱ޷Ĳ֮С
Ѫܿռ䣬ſֲĸʴƵģʴΧһУΧ𽥳Ѫռķתʱɫ䡣
ƣ
ٶʲô켱æתԪһȡ
ǺڰٴκХ캳صĿֲǰǰܲڵλֱϮȥ
ȻѪȴڰܲĿ£ѪˣֱӽٶȽ˼㣡
˵ܲˣ¾κһʥϵ֮ˣܹʮɵĶ㿪
⡭
һ㶣ȻܲȴǳǷı
ѪɫӣѪķΧҲ
ͻأģѪ֮ȴǼѪâͬƵĳǧϮȥ
ٶȼ죬գۼ
һ̣֮нܶҺЩ˵Ѫ⼸ͬʱʧѪâ֮ڣȴǱһ߾ߵĸʬκεֿ֮
۰ܲȴԽľ
ȻѪǿ
ôȥ
˷ӦʼֵֿΣ΢һЩȴ˫΢еĳܲȥĿ˼㡣
ɰܲˣܹɱ˵ʧҲؽԳܣ
һ쿪ʼӡʱϷһ޴̫ͼչֳٷϿգγһĽ磬ȫЩѪâϮɱ
ʱ԰ȫҲ΢һЩ
ۣ԰ܲķɱ⼱¶ʱƳһޱȱϢ˻ĵ˫۶չֳ˼Ϊĺڰͫס
ۺڣ˸о˵Ϣ
۰ףȴܹһƵģԵʮֹ졭
ְ֡
ʱ૳ѾѾǹʵĿ죬ԵЩ

ͶľҲ΢΢һ֮󣬱ϲ񡭡
ˣȴʮֲ⣬ô¡
֮
һƵģʮ
ʱ䣬˫ӡĿһڰཻŵӫ
带һ֣㽫ΧѪȫ˿ȥϵĺڰ׹âһ㲻ϵķ𺳵һ㣬Ǹղűĺڰȴ˲һһû뵽֮Уչֳһбø·޷ֱӵϡ
ܲҲɫ˲䣬һֱչֳַ˲ʧȡ֮ȴǰδеأ˫УҶԵĸоһ־֮ɫ
죬㡭ʲôܲǿסеľ죬ʵ
ѽ
¶һĨǳǳЦݣҵĴΪа񣡡


1990 ħ
а񡭡
Ļܲ΢΢һ㶡
Ҳֻ֪֮ĸУֱΪľıˮ壬ʸĽԼҵĳ׻龧ԼؼҵıӰľ֡
һֱҵĴ֪ܲ꣬ۼźаĳ֣ȴǰδе𵴣·񶼱ƵģΪʡ
а񡭡
֮УͶľ˵ıΪ죬Լ仹ܹоǿŵּ
ߣҵĴΣ
ܲһѪƾһ壬ĪǻɱϷ򲻳ɣ
㵹ԣ
ҲԣǿӡǺаȻɢӫ⣬ڰɫ໥ƣȴǸ֮С
ȻȷʱûʲôΣգܲȴﾯ״󱳶ڴ˿˵亹һǰδеĸоȫܲͷɱҲԽӿ
֪ܲһжǺаġ
ҪЩ֮Уõİ취Ǿ콫ɱȻѺа񳹵׻ٵ
ʲô飬ʲôѪ֮ܲҲ˲ˡ
ҵģҵģ
һ̣ܲȻһƵŭ˫Ѫ죬һԣΨһչֳַֻɱֻһƵ
ŴŴš
ɲǼ䣬԰ܲΪģѪӿУܵѪɫӿڴʱЩѪɫʱۣʱɢܿȴǻһѪɫħͷȻʮģȴչֳһּΪ˵ơ
䣬ʱ˿ܺȻ̶ִƹһ㣬һΪëȻ֮У˵ܵӰϲ
ɫҲʱ
죬Ϸվħɱ㣡
ŭУܲӿѪ⣬ȴ·γһһ㣬ϰٸѪɫħͷŨϢѪ֮׷ӿЩѪɫħͷУչֳһԽ
һЦţ̶ĶǣһƬɭ޵Ϊɭɲ
¾ûֱЩѪɫħͷˣ׷׺Ȼ֣ٶԽԽ죬ʱƵģôһıѿ˼㡣
׵壬ܷӿѪɫħͷԼǵصѪ޷ĸоָоδãǺа϶Ȼڰɫâʢת˲ĹγһΪĹȫ֣ЩѪɫħͷȫЩһγҲǸ޷ķ
˿̣Ҳܿƽƽ˫ֿʼӡͷϿյĺаȴǺڰɫâʢһֺҹ໥ĸоƬռ䶼һ˲䱻ɫâ⣬Ҫһ㣬Щڰ׹âӯУ죬·˸ղܵѪɫħͷӰ죬ɢ
һĻðܲ죬ɫ
֮
һһӡٴŭĿԲȵƣ
ʱаϼһڰཻľâƵģ˷ЩѪɫħͷֱϮȥ
һĻ֣
ռ䣬ȫΪЩڰ׾â¡
ѪɫħͷϵزҽţĽкǣΪкаıȴûж˴ȥʲô̫Ӱ죬Щڰ׾âĳУЩѪɫħͷһһɢ
ôܣôܣ
֣ܲ˵ɫԳֲ԰ףҪȴǵɴ˵Ѫչֳš
ħ
յһط
Ͼżܹ֮ûŰپʮŸѪɫħͷÿһ൱һʵҶڵ˵ܹɽӰ졭
һУȴûûʲô̫õЧ
ںа£Ѫɫħͷȴ˾ԵУЩڰ׾âĳȻȫ޴ɶ㣬һһεĳУֻܻƮɢ
԰ܲ˵ȴһɺӵ˺ҲΪλɫô԰׵ĸԭ
ʱ˿̣ܲʵٴ½һɡ
ۣԳεİܲȴǹճһĨϰԵаЦ
ͣ
һ֣Ͽյĺаָ֮ϣʮĵתͣһ֪ȻǷ
ȻûиղԼЩı֣аҴĴڣ˲С
ô˵¾֮ˣΪҼ𣬶ںа˽Ҳ࣬ԶԶȲȻǰм졭
۾һУ졮桯źа񣬿ɢӣ˫ȴâ˸ֺڰཻĻУԵǰͻأǰ𺳡
죬㲻Ҫ̫磡Ϸ򡭡
ܲǿŭ𣬼תлָͬʱǱҲ֮Եǰ
Σ
ûȰܲ˵꣬쵱ЦŴϵҪԣ
£ܲ˵ʲôĻᣬ춸Ȼڿնָ⴦ĺаתٶٴμӴ˲ܵĺڰ׾âγһУ̫ͬƵģ˷Űܲڵλüٱƽ
ȻûκƣΪĿİܲȴǸоһָĪΣ˲ɫٴһ䣬˼ıηˣͬʱѪӿΪҡ
𣿡
һЩڰཻ̫ͬƵбӿڵķԲ֮ȫռݣжȻƺߴǰܲѪչֳϵٴ࣬ٵѪڶܹ
ҾڣЩڰеĽУܲȻŭ֣ȴûʲôĻᣬֻܲϵؽеֿͬʱӿѪ⣬ЩеĳܵҲܵΣռࡣ
ܲȻףһֱȥһľ޷ʱõ䣬ôػٲ֮أ
ֻôˣ
ͷۣܲѪԳַ񣬼ԥһʧܣֻ𲻵ʲôãҡ
ܲԥ
˵ôʱ䣬ôǿʵҲԽԼӰϧ
ҪȥƴһУܲȷЩɡ
˵ףһͷ
֮а취Լмȥתɱڶֵ죬Ѿм죬ôִܷ
԰ܲΪһҪңκתͶ̥Ļᣬ׻ᷢЩʲô˭Ҳ󡭡
ŴŴš
ʲôһԽ͵ĺڰУܲиֳһĨݣ漴˫ӡһͬʵʵѪɫâƶΧǺڰеĳֱ
ţ
ʱüëһﶸȻһ


1991 Ѫħ
ɲǼ䣬ǳѪâһ޽ƵģܵĺڰȫɢɫͬʱɵýŲˣڴʱҲԳ˼̬֮
һ̣Ŀֲǰܲ˫Ŀ죬ʵʵľâηɿֱ˲ǵѪâںΪһܵҲѸٻ£ܿܲӣ֮ϵѪɫθԵʮɲ
ʲô
üͷ
¾ָǰм䣬ڰܲһжʮİмУûм˵
֮Ѫ֮꣡
ͻأģܲǱȻبžԶһ㣬ȴּΪɭϢ
ΧѪɫӿɫǱòѣģģģ·ܹؿǰܲϣһģ겻˸òȻУȴܹܵһּΪֲϢԺܿٶȲɢӡ
⡭
üͷԽ壬Ųٿغа񣬿ЩڰгܲڵλüٱƽȻȴûʲô̫õЧӴܲΧףЩڰбᱻɢ
һĻΪ⣬ǲ֮иࡣ
ģ
ʱѪħ
Ѫħ
˶ȻҲ⣬ȴôİ


¸¸¡
Ȼ䣬˶ʮֲʱǰܲȴȻ˲ͬĹЦΧѪɫâȻ
ȻòϿȥʲôı䣬ɢϢԼҵĸоȴǺ֮ǰȻֱͬǻһƵġ
һˣ
˴춸Ȼ۾һԣǻˣӦǻһ꣡Īǡ
ĪѪħĳ壬˵꣬˾ֻǽ份Ѻͼ
ܲǷˣ
ɹˣѵһܹ֤ع鱾壿
Ƿˣ
ܵǰǰܲϴŨɱɫüΪء
˿̵İܲ쿴Ѿʵľ硭
ô
Цѣ·˶׷սȭͷֵĶϿգ͵ʲôΣա

ǴӺǿмƵģһµɲǣܿռݣѪâƾնֱЩڰгһȻըĽٴɫһ䣬ܵһĳ
ৡһ£ⱬըУǰܲһգ۱Խ֮׵ľ룬ѪѸ֣ؿǿ¡
״̲סһ
ȴǺԥĻǧýâ֮Уһ̱Ѫײһ𡭡
ϡأ
ϮֲٳΪִӦԵԵʣȴǱڸһ𵴣ɫ׵ͬʱȴֺһ𣬲ûһѪֱ
ء
ţܲٽϮÿһεѪϮֲܿӣΪĿ죬ȴν˸ûǰܲٽʲôԿ
òϣʩչѪħ֮İܲ·ָǰʵΣУҲڴ˿̼ٱ󡭡
һʱ䣬Ҳ벻ʲô̫õİ취ֻһ߲˸Σһ˼Ӧ֮
ȻôȥҲУڵİܲƸǣһôȥˮ֪һߣҲҪһ㣬ܲȫһˣһֻ֪ɱ¾˿ԵĴڡ
ˣ·˶Ӳħơ
ƴˣ
һҧûʲôõİ취֮ǰȴֻƴľ
˴һ߿źаһչǧýϮٶȶ԰ܲĹӰ죬˸֮ͬʱ԰ܲչȻЩΣգһʱҲܡ
֮ҩľ˫ãҲʱڲصĻʲôԪľ֡
ɼˣȴҲʮԲǺð취
ʱԽ˵ͻԽ
Ȼ
ڽĲʱУǳ·硣
ܿռ伸ٴαѪ⣬ѹ֮⣬Źճ֮УճճѪҺһ㣬оΪʣҪһ㣬ЩѪ·𸽹֮һ㣬һĸʴЧֻҪԲע⣬Ƥᱻʴʹ
ʱ죬ɫԽ԰ףϵ鲻ʱԪԼƤÿӿݵˡ
˷Σ·˿ĸǽ֣ľţǶѾǰˡ
ҧ촽е֮ɫɣԭںѾѾĻǺܿģȴΪ״ûκˣ˼
ѾѾȴͷһ죬˫ĿԥһȻʲôƵģһʱֵ׼
ΪһǻԼȥһЩҪ鷳Ϊİȫ浽򲻵ѵʱҲĹ˲ôˡ

켸ѹʱԶأ̥ĳȴǺһͦǴȻվԵ飬ѣԼˮŮһ
ƶ㣬ôˣ鼱æǲǱ߳ʲôˣ
е£Ҫ
ڼŮǵĵĿУһЦİɣһƽģ
ˣ飬ѽ㣬ǰһ
˵㳯ȥ

ŮһɳѾУǶһۺҲֻæϡ
鷳ſڣûгǧҪ룡
ߵſڵʱ򣬳ƵȴǴ˳ŮֻͣסŲҪȴǴ˿ǿƿŵĴԼ䣬ȴѾһ֡
ƶҪˣ
齹Ĵ
ģףµģ
ƮƮɫסҸղ˵ĻǧҪ룬ʮء
˵꣬Ʊ㲻ٶԣŮ˿ҲЦһ£ܿµſڣԸȥκ˶ܿ⴦Ժ䷽Բ֮ڣ˻˵Ȼá
Ͼķˣ

ţ
ڳڲ֪ʲôȴʱȥŷӵͬһʱ䣬Ǳڵ촦ȴǺһ漴¶һĨΪõЦݡ
С㡭
ȻӣԵķ̶ʱЩǣæʵ
ûµģ
СһڣǲЦݵϣȴɢӫ⣬һֳ׵ʡ
Щ΢·𿴵ķƹС㣬ɵͬʱӣʾ
ţûж˵ʲô˫ӡһָӶɿգγһ쵫ȴޱġ
Щ˸ŻɫĹâ˲ǳΧѪ֣ڼսͰܲһܲŤͷȥѪɭȻ


1992 ֻֻ̨֮
ɭȻѪɱܲȴδκζ׷ɱ춼ˣԭܼ򵥣оһֲֿѹ·Ƿһ㣬κζ
ֻҪʱһ㡣
ָоΪˬȴָȥԡ
죬ȴǿһĻע⵽˷ӡãȴܿ챻ϲɫȡ
ƶİɣ
Цһ£ڿףһֵʲô⣬ǡ
εҡҡͷһЦ
Ҳö˵ʲôֻܱܣϾҲû취ȥֹҼȻʼ˶ǾζųǱѾҪɹˣҲ޷ջء
ΨһģǾֻһ֣죡
ְ֡
ʱȻ
ף
Ůһͷеǧýһףͬʼӡ
עĻȻᷢӡȫһܴӶƵԼ˵û˿
ҪǣӳϢʼ໥ںϣնֱǿ˺һ˵ΧЩѪâˣֱһĽɢ
˿Ŀ࣬ĿϲߣҪŪԸŮЩʲô
ְ֣ˣŶ
ӹȥףȴЦݵס֣Է̸Ͻס
ȻǶ̫ʲôȴ֮˵һЩĲ²⣬ֲ²ҲŮж˼ڴ
ã
ͷ漴Ը̣չ˺
ǣ٣
̹ӦŵʱɫһݣĿܲ󣬵һȻӿһɻɫâֱͷʲϲǿҵĺڹӶ£ܵһж˲ںڰ֮Уνֲָ
ţ֪׹ȥá
һ˺ֺɫϣһϣƵģ·俪
ԭΪͻȻڰǣȴһ¶˼ΪõЦݡ
ǸĳˣȥһϣŨŨ
ƹâͬ¶Цݣ漴ȴµȳ˫ӡٴοȵֻ̨֣֮
ŴŴš
ʱ䣬ܿռݣһģ𽥸֣űǰѹ·һ㣬ڳ˷׷׺Ȼ֣¾ʵʮҲɫ˲䡭
ղ˵ֻ̨
·Уʸܷܷɴ˫ֻ̨ۣʲôѽ
Ӧģȴһ˵ҡͷ
ֻ̨
ȴ߶ţԵĶľؽһ񣬲ɵ˶˲١
˿̵֮ϣʺȺǱģȴ𽥱
һԲε̨ӣͨκ㣬һ֣ȴɫƣڳÿһ˵ڴʱ׷һ¶ƶƵġ
ֻ̨
ۣȻֻ̨֣Ӧúܿûˣ
ǰ
ľҲ¶Цݡ
ֻ̨ûʲôÿأ
ʸܷܷƲƲ죬ۺÿ̶ȣȲκһء
ûô򵥵ģ
طڰ֣Ȼѡ϶мôҲ˵ˣűǣ
֮⣬ĪɽϹԶ쫷Ҷ𾪵ĵɴ˫ۡ
˵ǽ쫷ĴУֻ̨Ҳ˽һЩֻҲû뵽쾹Ȼܹٻֻ̨ҿӻʮֵ˽⡣
СӵʲôݣԽԽ˿ˣ
ϹԶεĵȴο֮ɫ
ô˵ܹͽܣһȷ飡
Īɽ۾Щֱֻ̨һһ㶵ģȻ֪ϹԶ˵Щʲô
ף
ȻΪֻ̨ĳֶ֮ʱȴüͷһ壬Ϊֻ̨ǻɫâһ˲䣬ֹŹֵĸо
Ҫһ㣬ڵﲿλİ˿ӣԼͬתͬɫĹ⻪𽥳ⵤ·ڴʲô
ֻ飡
춸Ȼһ˼ֻ̨ԭеƽȫȡ
ǲ԰
ܿ죬ЩԼĸо
ֻֻֻ̨һ֮ֻֻ̨Уƶ֪ܲ
Īлʲôأ
飬ÿһŶж컯֮иֻΪ
⵽ô£
νǰ˼⡣
Ҳûиʲô˼ʱ䣬ֻ̨ȻͷϿգɫȫһǷ·ʧ⴦ռһ㡣
Ӧ˵ʧ
廹ڣΨþȥ̽Ļ͸಻һϢֻ̨ϢʧӰ٣
ֱ仯ȴΪ֮һ֪Ǻǻ
ôӣ
԰ɫȻָһЩȴüͷ塣
ļУǲֵİ
ܲ˿ҲһѹѹȵĸоܲѹɢȴϵѪٴӿ˫ѪǱɱƣ˶ʱһǲ˶ĳ˼
ʱ˿̣ڰܲɱУʵǣͻƲõλվ˳δ˵κλֶ໥ںŨɱʵʰĶԿѪ嶼ҡβѡ
״ͶľҲ漴֣ǲδȥԸܲǰʮסΣҲܹǿסܲɱûвһ˵ȡ
Ͷľأܲʮ֮ˣȴʱγһֽ״̬
˿̵죬ȴȴһУԺгŹȥʮһУÿһĴӳһĻĻʮеĿ˸侳һ¾˵ϢҲʮֹ졣
ʱŨʱ΢
û֪ı仯ҲûܹԺеһĻĻڵ棬״̬š
˭Ҳûע⵽֮ϣʼһ˫۾ڶС
û뵽ˡ
˫۾˺Ȼ֮ǰֹ㡣
˿̵㿴״̬ɵø̾һ䣬ֻ飡
ֲҶҲֻ鵽ںδԭȻ
㰵һвмԳ
˭뵽ֻ龹ȻѾ⺢ӵΪһ壬ÿһתᱣֳֻ˾žŰʮһ֮࣡
ҲҿˣȻ⺢һҲû취飡
Īǣˣ
㰵ü֪Ϊȴ˼ֵǡ
˵ÿ֮˶ҪӵģôǿʵȴҲ޷
ȴƺ֮⡣
УӦûҪһЩ㶼޷ƿصأأʮ֮˾йء


1993 һתת飡
û֪֮ǰ뿪ˣȴһֱעߵΪעĶ
Ϊ֮ѣҲΪ켴ֻеĵʱ·ȴٴһξ޴ΣС
طˣ쾵λ̫ϳϣټ𡢶ľƺͻʸλԼϹԶĪɽ쫷ˡ
ʮϳ֣ȴǰܲûʲô취
໥Ľ״̬˲ƣܲһĹţЩѪâƶһѪɫڵλüϮȥ˵ģ̶ִƿ֮طǸܵΣˡ
ʮ˱ƵĽܣͶľȴֻעⱣңδҲ֪ΪΣǰܲƺǷ򸾶˼ƵģʶؿЩѪɫܿڵλãͶľʲô˵Ļܲãôҿһͷˮ
֪ĸв˶Ҫɣǲǰܲڰʲôˡ
Σطʮ˵ľȷʮֲá
Ϊ֮ǰĳ֣ȴɫٴ԰ףȴҪȫûʲôֵ˼
ϾǴڵĿģΪ
⣬ʱɳԼ⾳УһȻǺ֪
ԭˣȻˡ
֪׹ȥãһȴһȻӣһҲ֮Ц֮ɫ
֮ϵȫһ¡
ֻ飬ʵѾΪһ壬ֻΪܵɱΣ˵ǰף¾Ҳ֪
˾žŰʮһ죬ֻ̨İ£ȴǳɱΣ˲ֻĴڣ
һתתֻ֣
ڵ죬¾ÿһȴֻɰˡ
ԾΪһתÿһת֮󶼻һɫʹ⣬ͬʵһ㲻ƣȴԵǰĿ˵ľӦɲĴڣۿȥȴҲܹܵһϢ
ϢӶʶƵӿڣڳ˷·˷ܼһ㣬Ǿ߾棬ڲϵڱܲѹŴطʮˣǵĸоУȡ֮֮ߵƵģصԪġ
۰ܲȴʮֲʡ
Щâ˵ȴżӰ죬ʵǼΪԵѹơ
䣬תȥҲľʮȥʱ򣬳۳һɫʹӯӯתγһĹĻ̣ǰܲҲǱɫʹ˵ɫѿ˼㣬ԭѹŵطʮˣȴҲƷһʱٴ»صƽɫľ档
һĻڳ˿֣һյΣ޾֮ɫ
ְ֡
ͷǲõЦ⡣

ͶľҲûȥעطеעȫϣοȴԵԥ벻ᡣ
Ϊǵݺ˲һĵʱǻܼ𣿻ܼЩޱҸ֮
ţڰܲԽꡢŭھĹУĲʹԽԽ࡭
һ˲ȴַǧ֮á
⣬ԼߵϹӶĹĻУʱ߲ʹâƶΪĳӯƬռ䣬һĸΪ𺳡
ԾɴڼսеطʮܲԼͬס֣طȫȫʢ״̬˵ܲȴɫĿҪγˮֻĽ֮ƽ֮࣬˶ʱòˡ
ΣܲҲ䣬Ҫһ㣬ܲҲǰܲǱ֮ǰѪħѵڣʵ֮ǿ٣ֻ˷Ӱܵ˼ѹƣЩʹԽԽֽ࣬һѹҲԽԽǿ

ܲŭϣѪоâ˸ҧгݵ죬޲ýƤʬΡ
ߵʹѾڽԭ޶˫֣ڴ˿ȻʼӡҲٴγ˵ľӦУǷ׷׽ŲѣͬʱȴмڴڴЩʲô
ȥû
ĳסҪǱܹȥĿ񽣡
û
ŤͷƶӣȴͷԹԵ˻
Ѿͷ㻹֪ʲôɴȫ߰ǰɣʵ
ſ񽣵Ļ˶׷˶䡣
ȻȴһЦҡͷϾ֪Ҫأ
˴˻˾ȴҲûжʣΪʱ˿̣ǹĻϣٴζһƺڹ⣬ҸһֱռǹĻ̵Ľ֮һλãһּΪǿҵѹԪתܵ˼ƣһ֮С
òϣָоΪʣɴȴǿżע죬Ըһ㡣
ڰתˡ
ૣֻҪھתܹɹǡ
ˣûٶԣֻгŨŨڴ
ĶȻһ٣ʲôƵģüͷ֮
⣿
ҲĬĬһӡʱͷϿյֻ̨ٴλɫâʢͬˮƵӿڣһȴǺܿٴƽȥ
ͬʱֻ̨İ£һӫӫİ׹ӶٵǹĻ֮У֮ǰĺڹͬռݲ֮һλãʼֵߵʹȴǱ֮һγһʮĻ棬˿ͷˮľԼ֮⣬¾ҲĵĲ桭
ھתˡְ֣һҪɹ
˫ȭǰаΪš
·ϺȻ¶һĨЦݣͻȻһԭ΢յ˫Ȼͬʵʰľâ
Ұ׵˫һֶۻ飬ˣܲ˫۾ӴǶֻ͸֮У֮ǰΪѪħѵ꣬ȴҲǲ֡
ɹˣ
һĻʱϲŴһҲǷ׷׵ɴ˫ۣҪʲôɹ
ĳɹˣĳɹˣ
Ͷľ֣˾ּ
Ȼ˵ڴУ춸Ȼ쳤ХƷӿٷһȵ֮ת飡
ɲǼ䣬ľŲʹĻ̶ʱâʢĲۿɼٶȲͷϷֻ̨ɫâУת˲γһӤȭͷСӡ
ӳֳɫĹâһֱƬռ䶼֮֮ôΪ֮ԲעֱƵġ
ֹĸоʮֲʣæתԪ΢һЩ
ֻ飬ĳˣ
գѽգģЦݡ
û
νһתת顯ֳֻ飬ҪһţҲžŰʮһҪѰҵҪһ


1994 ֮ں
⣬ǡ
ǰܲ˫ۣǿѹ벻ʣ¶ȫ֮ɫ
żΪ꣬ͨѪħǿðܲǿʵѹƣȴ֡
ڳˣ˿ҲһĿǾ죬ʮְš

ʱȻЦЦһֱ˷ķۡ
Ƭշӿ绻һƬƵģٷ¶Żɫâϲѡ
һɲǼ䣬ֻ鶸Ȼһ⣬ֱûڣһֱͷϿյֻ̨ȴҲǼӿתٶȣɢ˲ֱӣڴһּĤݰĳ嶯
ڳˣľԼ֮⣬Ƿ̶⵽ô¡
ʱٴαûԼҲԽԵýţ
֪׹ȥʱ䡭
·һ˲ȴַǧ֮á
ڣĳһɲǣжȻһը׺죬˵ĵ鲻ԽĹȥܲҲˡ
˺һѷƵģĿ֮УһȻ֣ͬɿڣһ
ֹֻ̨ͣת
飬ľ飬ˮ飬ȷȫֹͬâΧγһģȴֳĹĻ˿ڴУȴԽ
ţʱռ֮ɳֱֿ࣬ɵһԽŨϢȴô𺳡
󣬲ųֲõֻ飬ֱӴüĴֳɢɫâƸΧпռһ㣬ʹ궼ס˹֮κ˼
ǣǾȻǡ
ڿǵȻֵʱ֡
ϳֱֵ仯ȴԽӡ֤룬ֱȵĶ֪˵ʲôˡ
֪ô£ʵ
û´Ļ֮
ҧҧ촽ǿסеľȣ˵
֮
ֻǿ񽣣Χ˶׷׺ɲѣǿɴû˵
Ҳ˵á
ЦҡҡͷһǾͻˣְ̫
˵Ժ

Ҳѹ֮£ҲûٶʲôֻɰڵصĿţţڴš
ܣôȥ
Ψһȴͬǰܲ
˫Ѫк˸ɫѡ
ȻҲ֪쵽׷ʲôı仯ȴҲ˵ʲô£԰ܲҪΪǿ
ʱѹȻǿҲûʲô֮
У϶ȻѪʢ˲ֱѪʱڵλÿȥǶϡ
ܲףܹץУôضͶ˾Ҳܹ˳⿪
Ҳţ֮⣬пץΪʣֻҪ˼ɣôĻͻ
ڣ˶ûע⵽Ҳһֵʱ
ԣ֮ĳһɲǼ䣬ܲĶˡ
һȣеѪȻɲǣʱڵλüϮȥֻգۼѾͻ֮Ŀ񽣵ȼˣֳצĳץȥ
ã
һͻ䣬ڳ˶û뵽ģͶľء

ҷӦ˲䣬Ѿ˰֮ܲ֡
ܲҪʲô
С㣩
ʱ˷׷ŭȳɰܲȴޱȵĿЦΣ
˵ŭھ֮ȴܿƽǳĵΪץңͲ̫ˣ
죡
ܲѪһɣ̧ͷ죬㿴˭
ܲ
츩ͷҰ׵˫â˸ޱĵ
ҪҷˣԾǰ
ܲвȻʱԭƽһȴٴηӿޱ飬вң
ΣΪҲ֪Ůѵô飬뿴Ůǰұ֤ԾһתĻᶼûУܲ˵ץס޳ҲʱһЩ
ˣ
ְۣ֣߰𣿡
£ԥػصΪְ֪ǲģǰᣬڲᣬͬҲᣡ
Ů
⻰ȴǺȻЦ϶ԣȴԽżĵΪɱܲİΣ
죬㡭
ܲȴɫ˲䣬ɵý˼֡
ܲ
û˵ʲôִ̻ϵһһԼƫƫҪѰˣǾ͹ֲˣ
£ȻһָȻܲȴɫ˲䣬һǿģ޷ܵȫ
㣬ҡ
ֻܲԼӲ˵ɱˣһָͷּѣҪһ㣬ڵԪȫһֱӿѪȫɢգȥǺһͨûʲô

һЦʮڵ΢ȣӰܲ˳ˡ
һĻ˿֡
ôҲû뵽֮ǰѹǵİܲȻκεֿ֮
ղţϷʲô
ѵֻôǿô棿

𺳺Ͳ֮ʱܲȻһҵʹ岻ŤܿһɫӰݣֲĲҽ쳹
⣬ǡ
ҿĿɿڴѾ˻ȥڷ̵ĹУ΢΢һЦ֮ǰܲʩչѪħ꣬ӦĳһεѪ֮
ôȻ
ŵĿڣû˵ЦôȻôǿ԰ɣ
ͷԼҺУЦΪֻ飬иղŵǵְ֮ѾõϿɣԽԽǿأ
ֻ顭
֮
Ͽɡ
øһͷˮȴֻЦЦûжԡ
˿̵ȴٴα˫ۣȻΧղϲһ֮ӶΧռ֮ȴַɿĻع鱾壬γһֹѭ
ֱ仯ҶоúУ׵ôµģȴֻľˡ
Ŷˣιעһе㣡
ʼˣְ֣ͣ
սСȭͷڴ
ʼˣʲôʼˣ
Ļһɶаͷԡ
֮ںϣ
ûãֻһʺȣʱкƹĩռƵġ
ǵĻУȻ˫ţΧ֮ſռ俪ʼ壬γһ켴ǿռ䣬ռ伴Ĺо
һںϣ˵Ҫһ
ɹʧܣͿ˿ˣ


1995 Ʒ䣡
쿪ʼںϵʱ·һ˫˫Ŀ֣ı֮ܲ⣬ȴûΧЩֲѹƣǴҶ΢һȴҲԽע
ȻУͶľصıȴͻأһ䣬ֳ̧ϿȥЩ֮У·оʲôǲɵӿЦһ¡
ͬʱѾѾͻȻռʧҲУͷзЦ⡣
үү̣ȥ𣿡
ȻߵͶľǰʵ
ⷬͷβĻһɻ
ȥ
ס˶ľص֣ͷȻѾһǸ޷ܿɴֱԣң
ԣľ֮صͷ
үү̷ģְһôģ
һЦֵ̰λ㣬ڴԺ򣡡
ǣС㣡
̹ӦŵȻ֪ҪȥʲôϾڵܲǵɫǲʲôˣҲ̫ġ
ţֳطͿ񽣵ӯӯһЦͶľһͬڿնչ֮󼸺գ۱ʧǰ
һ̣ȴ֮ϣǹĺԼĵֻǰһ䣬ѾͬɾĻС
ܰƶ䣬ΧƯţʱȴѾʮڴˡ
ˣȻ֮ǰֹڤ
ˣмŮ
Щ˵ɲǣȴɫ
ù
һŮʱϲ֡
ĻȻ֣ᷢǵָˮڵǸŮ
ͮ꣡
׼ȷ˵Ӧýͮ꣡ͬͬĸã
ùá
ͮ꣬Ҳһģ˹ȥ
ǵ𣿡
ŮҲ׷Цųһǳġ
ǣǰ׵ֵܽá
Լ֮ǰֹڤ֮⣬Ȼ׵λС裬ֱΪԬƶЩӡ
ԼŮǺΨһŮĻ죬ɵһЦο
漴ӵͶľأδԡ
𣡡
ͶľȴǳڤǷ
ʱû֮ǰʱģʮֵУڴ˵ĻȻᷢͶľسþȻڤһģһû˿
ԭΪǶ˱ڤһƻֻ˼ֻ֮ӵǶѣ
֮ôҲΪܹ֤ھžŰʮһİȫ
ΪȴΥĹҲΪʲôͶľػôһĸԭ򣬳֮⻹һ㣬Ǿ׵֣ҲΪɣҵڤ㵽ЩľǰϹԶһкϹԶ֮ʳȣҽΪͽܵ顭
ұΪһ壬񣡡
˰֣ǵ飬֮ǰ˵Լ
ǣ
ͶľزΥ棬æӦŵ
Ҳٶԣ·һУȻȫעϡ

ŴŴš
еΪͣһ㣬ڳ˸ѹ֮УڵǲʵߵͣȻֻһֹ˳֮У¾ҪȥҲһüͷ
ȴɴ״̬Χİ˿ԼüĴֻ飬·γһѭɢƸȣڴ˿Ȼ۷İܲ
֮첻֪䣬ȻϽ׵ʵ
˸оЩȴһϲѣȫ
ôΪʲôǲһ㣿
Ȼȴüͷ
ǰʵȻָϽ۷壬ںԼ֮󣬾Ȼɸоһߣ
˼⣡
޷̤һôԶܴﵽڴĿģ
һָ̤
ǰĸ㣬˺֮ɾϵλΪϡ
ʵѾԽ֪һУʼ޷ϣģǾžŰʮһεֻأͬʱ飬ͻɾ֮
ȻڣѾ룬¾һʮһУԾɲһߡ
ĪһߣҪң
üһĨʡ
ˣ
۾һ˼ϣ漴˫УȴһĨΡ
ܼ򵥣ΪֱûҵǱȱ˵ǶУΪϹŵһˡ
ǡ
첻һЦ佫ڣҪʱȳ׽Ѫµ֮ʱȴһȻ̧ͷ
Ĳ֮ϣֻ̨
ֻ̨
ۣǷԼֻ̨֮䣬ĪĶһ˿ϵ֪ΪΣ˿ϵȻ֮⣬ڲõ֮ܵһЩ
ϵоһʱȴ˵ô¡
ֻ̨ŬţԷŴֻ̨֮ϵѰһԵ

ͬʱأרԺС
飬ѣԼˮŮȥ෿Ŀǳޱȵĵǡ
ΪƼ䣡
ĺͻȻ
ʱ䣬뻹һء
ȻǼŮЩ޴룬ûо飬ܶΰӡ
Ҫһ㣬ƾȻԺغ򣬲βҪȥһȥ˰æ
飬׸ô죿ⶼѾȥʱˡ
ˮżҪƶʲô⣬ܵǱߡ
Ҳ֪
Цҡͷƶ϶Լ뷨ǡ
˵ĵȺǣ÷деܹ
ˣ
ü΢ƶǲͬȻô϶ԭģ԰꣡ˣƶϹŷƹ֮ûаգô
ˣ˵
֮绯Ѫڼ䣬ƶȥһ˷ƹ˵븹̥йأ˵᲻ʲôϵ
Ůԣʱǳ˵Ⱥ֮⣬ȷҲûõİ취
һȥ˹óȻȥʲôӰ죬ǿɾͺڶˡ
ʱһһĹȥŮԽţж˺ˮɫ𽥻谵ֻԼ
ۡۡ
ͻأģѹֵУһӤȻŮһܵǷſڣҪ׼ʳưΣ֮ʣȴȻһ׹⴩䶥ֱһ͵ŮƿǸ޷Ӧ֮»صԺ롭
ţűƿƱһӤ˳


1996 ںֻ̨ȥ֮һ
ƶ㡭
ƶ
Ʊ֤еĺ߳Ů첽ӭ˹ȥһ֣ϵ֮ɫɡ
ƴ˿ЩףȴżΪҸЦݣеĺҲţʮֵදˣѪԵʣǼŮ۰֣һűȥȫǳ谮
أǿˣ»صƻ֮󣬱˯ȥССȵͬźһ㣬˯лʱʱҰҰ죬жɰˡ
ˣкŮѽ
ʵŮҲ
ղֻע红ӣȷ˿Щ
ȻŮǶһ۰һ㣬ӹɡ
Ů
΢΢һЦ˵
ŮۣȳͺƶһƯ鵱ЦŮҲ׷׵ͷ
ӯӯЦЦȴǺȻһŤͷȥһĨâڵ벻ȥ磿
𣿡
ŮȴǶЩɣΪٳ֮ǰ˵Ҫš
ҪģƲŷ䣬ܹܵסֱң˭Ҳұ֤ǱΡ
Ȼ
ЦŵͷǱӦѾˣҲؼʱǴȥҪȥۼ֤һΰʱ̵
ؼʱ
֤ΰʱ̣
˳ƴԣŮǲ⡣
齿ƶ㣬㵽֪Щʲôѽֱ˵£տ
ȥǾͻ֪ģ
ЦЦǲȥĻҿɾԼȥŶ
ȥΪʲôȥ
ߣ
ŮٶԣǴӵűŮĳƣһͬ뿪أֳڵλü˲ƶȥ

ڳƷ䣬׼ȷӦǺӸոճͬʱڳи˿ֻ̨֮ϵɺް취Ȼʱƽֻ̨ȴǺȻٴתϸĻɫӶγһ޴Ļɫȫȫ
켸ûʲôӦֻһ˫־ЩܿƵĿʼӡİ漴һĪĸоȫ
ǻɫĳ֣Ժоǲ֪ʱһЩģĻ棬Ժ֮оþòɢ
ÿвͬԼȴܹܵʮУЩ侳֮С
һʮʮߡʮˡ
ϸϸȻʮ˷֮࣬ÿһĸовͬ
ţ˽ŵĹעĿУֻ̨ǻСЩɫڣüĴȥֻ϶Ϊһںһ𣬴һޱ֮С
һ̣ϢѾȫʧܹۼĴڣȴֺʱɢһ
ò˵ָоǹ쵽˼㡣
ô£
˰˼⣬˿̵ҲѾ״ֻ̨̬뼺Խһ֮У˶Ѿܿռ䣬ѡ
ôˣ
в֣Щ֮ܿУΪԻ
ʮκΣգ춼Ҫżˡ
֮Уûһô£¾֮䣬עб仯ˣҲΪ⡣

죬ȴʲôûʳ
ѾҵԼĵ
Ƭ̣˵
һĬ֪νӿڣֻһ˫˫ע۾У˼ŨŨڴ֮ɫ
ף
ʱȻһ¶һĨЦЦЦݡ
磬ôˣڤʱʵ
ԵԬƶҲǷ׷׳ȥ
ֶһŮ
ۺ룬ָ·˺棬Цŵǿˣ
Ȼոµ˲䣬˺ԶٶӰ
ǣŮĳԼ飬ѣˮŮ
ƶˣ̫ˣ
Ͷľضʱϲ֣޲ھȥ
ֻûеõ֮ͬǰǿɲκζϾΣܾ˶꣬ҲֻڤķһƻγɵķһԶı䡣
Ůĵʱ˵ע⣬̷ֿһ·óܹ˳ǰ档
ôˣ
üĿ⿴˳ƵĻУǸ˯ŵСһЩ죬ƶˣ
ǰ
ӯӯһЦҵĹŮ
ã̫ˣһϲ°
ʮֿģľҲ˹ϾƱŵĿҲŮأ
ˣطȵȣλ̫ϳҲϲɫ
СһﱻˣڴҵΧУȴûһ˿ĺ£С첲СȵġЦԵüΪģҲ׷¶һݸЦݡ
ۡۡ
Ȼһ̣СһȻˮ۾Сָе
Ȼвʲôȴڽ죬ƺѾ֪İְһ㣬ôһ㵡
òڽɣ
֣ǲųĺӰ
ǵģ
ȴһ㣬Цŵͷ׻ŮŮȥҰְ֣ô
ۡ۰֡Ρ
СһĽгˣȻǲôȴ𾪲ѡ
ʣ˭ųĺӲһϳְ֣һܹĽг
úãȥҰְ֣
ЦЦȴǽΧһƶҪȥǱߣ֪˺£òҪȥɣ
ҲŲȥأ
ҡҡͷᶶ˶ԾڲϽšΡŮЦȥ

⻰ǣȼŮҲɫ΢䡣
Ǻǡ
ЦЦδ͡
һ̣Сһ㵸Ʈɶ𣬳ڵλûȥ
ٵСһģȴһǳǳĻɫâ֣˿þĲѡ
һ浣СһӰ쵽죬ʲôص飬һȴڵСһİȫϾڵ쵽ʲôûһ֪
УĿǽŲѵĹעţΨСһЦйħĵһֱڵֱѹ֮лʧһ·궼ܵϴһԡ֮С
˿̵죬Ȼһк֪СһɵͷϿգſһſƶϣССſֱЦʱȴһ
ЦֱܹģȻץסһʲô˫ٴʶƵɲǼһͬʵʵĻɫâСһϵһܿռҲ֮ݣǸŮΪĲƣһֽ֮֮ǰϢ
·һ˲ȴֺǧꡭ
ͻأģ˫ӡȻֹͣܵһмֻһ˲ȫƽ
˫һڰ׷УȴһبžԶ֮У˵ϢҲ
ԭˣԭˡ
ЦʮľţΨȥһ죬ƱΨһΪֻأ


1997 ֻص֮
ֻأ
컰˵ɲǣƬղʱڰȥһȻֱֱ֣ϣΪģʮ˵ϼת˲ĹȻƬռȫ⣬ƻһƬƵġ
죬֮Ψһ
ŴŴš

ӿһ˸źڰ׹âʱۿɼٶȼٱ󡭡
֮飬ʮֻأΪʮ˵
ţüĴŵͬɫľâ
ɿ֮Уʱɢʮ˵âĿռ֮ȴֻΧռ䣬ʧ
һĻ˿Ŀɿڴ
Ȼܲûʲô仯ȴҲףп϶ǲĶһֻȥϸѯʱɡ
ڶ
֮첢δͣ¶ٴһֵ˲䣬ǵڶڶʱ˳ɢΪ
֮ѪꡢѪѪ飬Ϊڤ磡
Ȼ֣·ܲȴȻһҺڷѪɫӣѪ֮ƿصѪѪ顣
ִԶٷһŲѪɫӣҲǵǿȡѪ飡
Ѫ꣬ѪѪ飬һֱѪ
ڣȴ𺳵ĿУɿڶ֮У漴֮ǰһڶʧ
Ȼһ̣ǰܲٴһҽУҵѪռ䣡ۡ
ҽйһѪ֮ǰޱȣǿֵİܲȴ˻ԣ˵ϢҲڲϼʱ侹Ǳúͨûʲô
ɫ꣬ȴǲѣȫǾ֡
⻹û꣡
һʲôƵģȻĿĳ·ȥʺȵ֮
ط磬񽣣ľʸˣһ˲ȴϹâʢԵӰ񣬸ܿƵķתۼǰֳӰ
˵Ӱ˵ĸоȴûʲôֲֿƣǲԼͬĹȥ
ΨгŮվţԵǰԡ
ΪʥΪֻķ
˫кڰ׾âһĵɫâעǰӰ֮УӰʱڰгңңһݣ¹طǵڡ
ŴŴš
ڴ˿̣طƷǶʵǷнס
ǰһĻȻһʾô£ֲֿȴ޷ֵһط˵Ŀⶼ֮ɫ
ȥ
һ֣ط˵֮ǰһʧڿУû֪ȥ˺δ
ʮľţ˶һ
ۣƷǣֻصѳԽ𣬴ֻ֮Ͻ֮飬֮Թҹܣ
ֻص֮⣬Դ˶ɣ
ʱ˿̣һϼԾֱ£üĴȫ³һ˲ֱӵϡ
ݣ֮ǰһֱվŵȼŮҲˡ
֮ϣ֮С
⡭
ֻֻصһĻǾ𺳲ѣһֻƽˮƺһжƿֵ㣬ľ
Ȼһֻص
ţЩ

ͷ֮οЦˣһֱ׷ĵžŰʮһǳɹˣڣ˵ȫɹ
Ϊʲôڤʱѵʲô谭ڵǱҶҪǿϲٰɣ
Ϊ
ۣ

һʵʵҲҲô翣ﶼӲƿء

һЦڹΪƿزٽ棬֮£ֻصȴǶ֮⣡ʣֻصǷܹãȴҲδ֪֮
ʣ
˵ǲѣȴһ̾ٴתĻᶼûУ

ô˻Ҿɫ䡣
·
Ҳ֮ȴƽţûκζ
ʣôҲֻһַˡ
ַ˵ȴǼΪ̵ģ
ʱ䣬·һȫֹͣ
ϼ⣬ٷޱϵơ
˫ָͷ޾գڰ׷˫ͫȴԵôƽκεĵǻ߽š
ΣΡ
ְѹ֮УСһȴʮһȪûļ⡣
ְֱ
΢΢һЦͷ趯ֽŵСһﱧ˻Уͷ˼֮СһЦĸǿˡ
ѽѽĽšΡִܹģϴӾһ㡣
Ҫһ㣬ע⵽Сһÿһ죬һƻɫڣΪϴ裬СһٲȾһֱΪ֮塭
㵹ǺûԵŮ
ǺһЦСһǣЦøӿģ鶯Ĵ۾תţһ޶ľ飬г谮
ȻôЦԺСͽЦЦô

СһЦȣҲʱһЦǾˣҵĹŮЦЦ
ŴŴš
ʱ컰ɲǣͷ֮ԭһУȴٴλ谵ƶ䷭һâ˸ƣ첻ɫһࡣ
һףЦЦЦУһ͵ŷɻص˳ƻС
ЦЦ

ЦЦĺŮ

ЦѣСҲʮ⣬ŻеŮҸ
֮ѹڳ˶׷ͷǵ졣

΢ۣһиܵĴڣȴûʲô̫ľηֻһƽһѰƽ
ŴŴš
Խѹֲ˵·ˣ¾֮ϵǶֲ֮ΪеĸоסһһڶźȻ֮У˽ʱȴûκϵûƮһ¡
ڣʱȥһƹâƵƿ磬ֱֱϣͬʱ
ʮľţ˶һ
Ϊڤ֮Ϊֻߣ
һȻ쳹ÿһ˵ĵܿռعѣɽתһ㣬˸ǲıѹڵأѪÿһ˶ʱѪֵգ֮ɫ
Ȼˣ⡭ôܣ
˾ѡ
Ȼ쳹գȴͬĵ׳֣ҪģǲԼͬĶףǾ֮
л
һУϰƽĳչ˹֡
һɲǣܵһȫɢӺѹǱ崺⣬Ĺâһֽٺ֮С
ʱλƮɶ£˼״Цӭ˹ȥ


1998 Ѫĩգ

硭
˿ĿǸӣԵĿױȵľ⡣
ֻص֮⡣
ûзϣר̷ʾϿɣǺε𺳵飿
֮ڿʼʵ㲻ǿȴȻͬȵĴڣ
ֻҪֻصڵʱԽôʵֹ˵ʲôʱͻᳬԽΪĴף
ΣܽΣ죬ҵ̫ϳϣǴĵ˶
ղûбŵ
һЦ֮ǰޱϣȥƽﲢκ
ΣΡ
ʹҿЦƵĴк֮ʱЦЦڳƻģĽţſźڰС֣ʹ߲䡣
Ů
콫ЦЦ˹߸ߵľٹͷʱСһЦĸǿˡ
Ƽ״ƲƲ죬Ѿͷųôճְ֣໳趼ˣûûεѾͷ
ף
ʱȴһٹͷ±ڻУСһ˫СֲץţĿȴЦЦϣڴ˿̾ҲԳ˼ֹ졣
ȻľٶΧһ
Ƹǽŵĵ磬ЦЦôˣ
û̻ش𣬶ֹ۲һЦƶȥƹΪЦЦ
ǣ
򴽣ס
ֲð
ĬĬͷЦҲȷʹȻЦЦҵֻصȻԵҲãҽҲûм̳ˣ
磬⵽ʲô˼ƺܲ⣬ԱߵȼŮһͷˮʡ
Ǽ£ֻǣЦЦĽѾȷˣ
ǺЦЦʳָЦЦץסζЦЦ֮⣬Ľҿ壬ֻܸоҵֻصĪϵ֮ڤ֮Ī

һԣȴһסˡ
ŤͷЦЦСѾͷȥ˫˫ж𺧡
ѾͷųгԽ˵ĵλֱš
ĻʮƶҲݲ˻ɡ
ˣЦЦԺ˵Ρ
˰֣һɻεһۣ漴ַ·ȻʲôƵģŤͷԶԹȥİܲԼƯŵǵӰȥ
ڣýˣ
ۣ˵
ŷ׷׻عһܲǵŭĿӡ
ûǣ˴εĿѪ£һգ
һ֣ܲӻ˹ѪȻʢ˲䣬ηٺˣȻͷϢԵüΪֲƺָ۷״̬
ɱҲʱȻ
Ǻɫ꣬˿ҲܵĳŰܲڵλûƮȥۿžҪٴΪһ壬ʹ·ٴɫ˲䡣
֮ǰһᵣģڡ
ۣҲûʲôֻһҺǺɫ걻ɰܲѪӿҲ޷ȥ
һĻѪеİܲɫ䣬֮ǰЩΣɵѪиչֳŨŨľ֮⡣
Ҳɣ
쿴һۺɫ꣬ϷһץǰܲȻһģѪⱻһǿѹƣܵǿҵǴӸ߿һţһ߳·׹䣬䡯һǰԵüΪǱ
죬
ĴƴܲȻһͬҰްŭһѪɲǣǿее绯һѪɫâƵģߵֱȥ
Сİ
˼״׷׾
Ȼȴɫ䣬ЦЦôվԭأʲôֵ߶ĶûС
ܲ״ʱ¶֮ɫ񿴵챻ɱĲΡ

ܲŭţȻһ룬ȴǳסˡ
Ѫɫâγܵĳƣ˵ʲôˣΧһ֮ڶ޷ӽɰܲŭȣʼն޷ٴһ
⡭
Ĵ˷ٶðܲȫ޷ܡ
Ҳ˲ɴ۾ôҲţ֮ǰôͣ޵аİܲǰͬӤƵġ
ȻҲⲢǰܲˣǿˣ̫ǿ
֪ܲ
һȣҲΪδʲôܲػƵģŲĺˣɫ˲԰ֽʱǷѪȫɢһֿ֮
ۡ
ѪֻܲûûֱԵڵء
һ˫ѪУȫǺȻ
ôô
ܲţӺƶҪ
Ѫ£
ۣζʱڿն𣬺ڰɫĹâʱƶͷȴڰ׹âںϳɵĻɫΪӿȣһɲǼγһĺڶһſѪڣżΪŹֵϢ
˵Ǻڶʵȫɻɫɣ֣
԰ܲȥȴҲ˵궼ڲϲʱǺڶһ
벻϶Ҫ
쿴ܲڰ׷˫ͫɭȻĵգֻߵݣֻ̣أΪˣ
߳
ɲǣֳһ㣬ܲ˱ʱһκλ̱֮˵ϣּһ͸ӰƮɶǰܲ꣡
Ǿ֣ٵ˵Щʲôȴһֶ
ˣڲ˵Щ㲻ó𣿡
Ϊֻߵ죬ȴ˼ޱһŭ⣬һֵͬʱͷǸڶʱܲȥһƻɫƣ󲻹ܰܲҲֻܱǺڶ֮У֮ǰԵġ
Դˣܲ
ӼԺǧ֮꣬ãĿ£ܲκת˵Ŀܣ
һ㣬Ϊֻߵ죬Ϊֻصܹ죬ʮյģ
ţĿֳһɫȥ
һգһڹʱûڣҲʱɫݡ
ԭȻǵεѪ֮
Դ״޽֮󣬱طǿסԼ꣬ѪռΪһ壬ΪľǱ֤ѪµĴвϡ
ò˵ȷܴҲЩ˾塣
ѪĩѾע˵ģΪΪεѪ֮Ȳ˵ģҪ֤ԼһֱڣҲ֪Ҫն˵֮á֡ݣҲ˿Ϊ
Ҳĸ
첻ٶԣּǽڶ֮УȻܲһΪˣ
ԴˣѪ֮ȫ𣬵֮ڿ϶вдѪ֮ˣԴ˵ѾΪǣһ裬ǳòĲЦݡ
Ҫһ㣬Ǽ֤λֻߵĳ֤궼ѵһʢ


1999 ֣ϣ
תۣһʱȥ
ȻָɽʩչħطѾȫʧЧʵٴִأҿԵøӺ㣬ҲûΪǸıһüΣʮεɱ
Ѫ±Ѿ𣬶ľʸλУͨ
Լ˵Ŀ꣬ǽǱ֮еѪ²ȫ˸ɾҲǺܷʱ飬һ͡

첻ѵЦרԺչһ֮·ȫǳʧ
һµЦЦѾĸµĺӲˣܴķ˵ųԽ˵ʡ
СһѾ˹Ĵڡ
죬¾˯Ҫ컳У˯֮ȴԵʮְʱԼʱ䡣
˾٣óΪԴףСһȴɹҡ
磬үүˣ
ʱ֣հЦЦ˯ţ˽
Ŷ
ͷϵСһһ±ӣһͬȥԺ
ƣѣԼˮŮŭԼүүԨټ⹫ľƣʸʸ˵
𺳱仯ʱ⼸λԵЩŤԨͶľҲˡ
߳ǾȻվ
ɷˣ
켱æȥ뼸λ£̬κα仯Ǹ죬ûʲôͬ
ǹҪһ£λһջԨڡ
ƺˣϾǼУ˵ģ϶Ԩɡ
үүֱ˵ǣϴЦ
һἰڡ
ſڣĿǾ졣
ûЩ飬ʶֱš
֪ˣ
һЦͷʵڵʵȷڲͬӦôң
𣿡
һǼŮȴǲһЦΪʵѾ˽۹ˡ

ͷ򵥵ؽ͵ô˵ɣ򣬲Ƕ㣬ֻ˵һɣ֮ϣ𣡷ֱΪף֮ǰİܲϽңɽ½ף
򵥵Ļüλ𺳲ѡ
λͻ򲻳չǿһЩԶϣɰүүԨڵλҳϣȴĿЦá
˵ʲôʺˣǻ֪ʲôʱܹﵽأ
֮ǰǸֻصô£̲סˣֱʵ
ʵҲܺģ
¶崺Цݣ֮ǰ˵ʮľţ˶һˣʵһָ࣬򵥵ķ˵ܺʱһǽһҵ֮Уֻһ
ҵֻصȴǰһİڣ
Ϊ֮Ը̬ţֻ辶ȥƿ֮һУҲǺȥ֮ɴڵһֻҵֻصһ棬һʱϢĵط
컺˵ţ˵г˳֮⣬ûһܹףϾǶûǰѡ
ðɣòף϶ҲʵǾȲˣ
Цһ£漴ɫеڶ£Ը򣬱Լ֮⣬аɷȥ˶쫷ȥѾѪ²Ĳˣô죿
ô֪
ʼ磬ҡͷҿɹܲЩŰ켴ǣҵģ˵ʵҲ̫ĲЩ
ô˻һ
̫ĲЩ
˻⣿
ɻ飬ҡҡͷ̾Դֻ֤ѾЩȴ֮£ƿֻأû취֮£Ӱѭ⡭Ҳһֱ׶˰ɣ
˼˵ƽܲҲܲ㣬ǰɣԨʵ
ǵģ
ףüλһ𺳡
ôڵ죬൱ǲĴڣ
𾳽磬ͿԲ
ж˼
ǿ룬Ȼɫǲô࣡ȻֻһɣֻԼĵҵõϿɣܹ㣡ֻ𾳽磬ΪĴڣ֮һɾبŲ֮壡

⻰ַ׷Ȼʧȴһּ
ˣҲ˵ˣѪµ飬ǿŰǣ˵
ˣ
λǣҲԽ͵Ժſڡ
ȥʱȻĸ첲磬ղ˵Ķģ
ʲô
һ鵱û˵أ
ģ
췴§סϸֻңǶҪעһ㣡
ǣü΢ŮҲ׷״˹
ǰвͬǿвУضԤϵĽѪЩѪ²ΪǣҲǷģɫԵ
ðɣǾʲôҲܣ
ȻԼŮʵ޷ЩģȻ춼ô˵ˣǿ϶Ҳᷴԡ
˵ˣԼ˳ȥڼչЦЦɣ
ż촽ǣƣѣԼˮŮһͬЦԶˣŪ漴߻Уڴ˯ôɰŮɵ¶һĨޱοЦݡ
֪뵽ʲô͸ȥ·֪ЩʲôƵģչֳΪεĿЦ

׼ȥ磿
֮ϣɾĻУһϮµڤߵԣԼ갮Ǹӵɫʵ
ǰʱˣһ¹ȥˣ
һŤͷʵôأںѾѾ֣
ðɣֻˣڤص
ȥһǰɣ⺢Ǿͽͮˣ˵
õģ
ڤͷתӯĲǺܿʧ
ʱ˼ˡ
ڤ֮⣬λӣƶԼԬ⻹Ͷľأټϱͮˡ
ľأȻԼʶƿأɷҲµ飡
ɫȻ֮ǰ˵½ǿԸ⣿
Ը⣡
˶һۣصͷ
ãˣҲʱˣߣ
Ҳԣһֵɲǣʮ˱ʱԭʧٴγֵʱȴѾϿգ·պþڵء


2000 ֣£
ǵִͬһʱ䣬ܱйŵļŮУȴȻŲһ٣ûһӡ
ƶ㣬ôˣ
Ůչ΢䣬ЩŵĳƣĲѡ

һǿЦ漴ȻʲôƵģЩŮһӹŮڣһĲ⡣
˵ƶ㣬ʲô񣿵ôˣ
ǰ˵ƶǣô
˵ٲ˵ĻŶ
Ůߴ٣һĦȭƣҪݺݡȥơ
ƿٰ֣æǲ֪Ҹղôٺ١˵Ѿǰ䣬ǰΪףǶ֪ˣؼˣϱǲǸȥŰ
ʲô
ôԣŮʱɫһ
һӸղŵ˲㰲鼸֮ǰĳһ
ңţɣԥȵȲһ㡣
Ů߾һķ羰ߣǹŹֵ仯Χ·Ƿ׷ײĿȻŪ׷˺¡
ƶ㣬㡭˵ĸòİɣǰĸĸˣҧҧ
飬ô˵ѣ
Ҳ֮ЦѣָָͷŵھأղѾҴҴһȥ

Ů㿴ңģȴʲô˵
ּŵĵ֮⣬Ļһ㣬Ǿĸĸô죿
ͶľأͬŮһ
ȻҲ֪ʵֻһתɣܹҲˣһΪǰĸԵʣǴӴʧָδ
ˣˣ
С֣漴һͬȥ֮һͬѸڿգգ۱ʧʡ
ͬʱеҲ֮ʧ˷С

֮УƯڣȥһƬţɾƵġ
Ůͬʱִ
ף
ְ֡
硭
ͼŮ֣ҲЩ
ͶľȲ˹ȥֱӷɵߣѾǴѾͷ첲Цúǲá
ƮƮ
㿴һۼˣĿ󶨸ڳϡ
û˵ʲôƱҧϵˣƶֻƶƮƮѳɹ
ǰ˷ƹ֮ƮƮ
ðɣ
ҲûƵ̬ȣǸȥľͲˣΣ
ã
ҧҧ˿Եˣס
ǼѾͷʶǰɣ
ЦЦһ£

¶ӣһȴǽ˫һ飬ֻƺȴЩΡ
ڤȼˣͶľأ˵ĸĸ
֮䵽׷ʲôѾ֪Ҳˣúơ
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