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1 
ѽһȺ8-9ĺӺЦš
ϵĳſһͬккŴֲ£·ϴŲѾ˲ϴ˫ƶĲЬֺƤ©˳ʱŽӡԴưѪ˳˵ϣԴµȾ˰ɫкǿţҪҡҡλΣʼûվ͸кɢҵͷմѪ۵͸¶䲻ִᶨ
Ƿʹɣʲôͣǲ֪Ұ֡
кмһŭǷԾġޱȵĺȺͻȻðޱȣ˶оͷƤе㷢顣
ڵһ̯һ͡롱һվ˫͸úȺļµĹâ
ţһֱңң˵ǷҶˡ㲻ҸĸҪɱ㡣һһٵ˵ţＷûʲô
䡱ҽһ壬ţֻо΢΢һʮѾ֮嵽ǰţֻоؿһʹǱʯУڿնȥţǽ˴ܽӴײһǽǷĹӡ
㣬㡭ֻоǰڣȵҺͷ䣬ţһ仰û˵꣬ž˹ȥ
ΧСȫŴˣƽʱǸţ۸˵ģţȽϽʵҲһĺӴǰţȰѱ˴ڵأȻһϵĽһᣬ̻ǵһȻͿһͻᵹ£Ǹһ°ǶɵˣͷţײɣǽǣѪ۵˹ȥ˭֪ûһεȺһɢѸʧ˽ֵ
ȺˣǿŵҲһҡΡͷţײɵһҲܣһʣȫ˵ͷ˿ѵø󣬿˵ѾȫûһˡҡҡεԴĨһ۾ѪˮŲȥһƬªķǰ˫һڣ˵ϡԴϵ˿ڻڲסѪܿȾһƬءѪеͣʧ¶ʧѪ࣬͸֧ǱܶţһŲﶼ־ǿˡ
ʱ͵ʶѾúģˣоԼȫ䣬һڰ磬ֻԼһڲ֪ͨõ·ϡܶĵģһƬšͻȻһ⻮ڰгһصĽɫӰˡɫֳֻƽʥһͬߴֳִꪵɫ˴սһÿһԪľҺƵನǳһһŵǳǵսͻȻɫӲһǣϣɫѪҺʡͬʱɫһȭȥɫһͣűɫʥֱۡ˲ͣ٣ųҫ۵սһ𡣲֪˶ã죬£꣬һѪʥŽɫȭĺۼȥʹʧڰĿռУ͵ǰֻһŽϼʥʥģŽ⣬ʲôʥϴһƲӡ͵Ժ˫һڣʧȥ֪
͡͡ͿѣҰҶսغšҶսһǰϵĴӵܽϵڿΡǻص֮ͷ˶ҶʵѪУҶȫ䣬˿ҶսƴҶԪЧ΢ʱҶʵһ©ղκεԪҶսҪ˵ʱҶʵüһ⣬ûκιԣȴųһУҶսκηͱ˿ȥϼѸҶʰγһ͸Ľɫ롣ҶսһȫԪҲҶսҪһеƿɫʱ򡣹еҶ˿ۿɼٶϣȭҲȥ۵ԪɢҲȥҶսϥһػ
һʱȥһ죬ɫһֱûɢҶսҲһһ졣࣡һ죬ҶһĹʹɢͬһʱһҶսҲ۾͡͡Ҷսһѱ˵ϵĺӡ֣ͷ۰ȫʹôˣôҲͻ˫ۣӦΪЩͣϢᣬ㻹̫ˣȥЩԵġҶս˶ӣ˵ȥһƾɵݶϿһƴ̣ڸҶս˼֪Ʈ˺η
ҶսԭסʮǰһѪҶսŲصСıԵһӣ޶˾ʹ˰Ҷս֮ʣһֻǿ׳˶İԳԺԳֱеĺӣǿĺ֫һ٣Ծ˸߿վʹʧҶս˺ӣƹ·һüĿкںڵĴ۾ļԡҶһֱɷһӣΣʵ̫һֱûʵ֡ڰԳӣ˵ҶһֱԸ
ս磬һֱҪ¸ӣҵҲ֪ѵ֪ҵԸҽʱǾͽͣҶôҶԭҰܵϴ˿̻ٹ⡣
ãããġİɣ㲻µģһġԭǿĺӣʱĿᡣˡŵҶͷһᣬʹȥˡ
еļѾɢŨζҶսҲ˼һ뼦Ҷսŷеĺȥ⺢ϳţӰԳ͵ĿǰΪֹѾ8ͷˣСӳڳ˵Ľʵδֳκ֮Ԫ쳣ŨĴ½Ȼ޷УСһʯ޷٣ҲˡȫҲض˹壬һķӡԭ͸޷УҶսҲΪ˲ٰ취Ҳ֮Ҫ˵ûκ֮ϵЩҲҲڶͬʱ߱˰ɡ
ͣȺ뼦Ҷս˵߰ͷ
ţףԼͺˡʹӸ롣ҲӦΪһûнʳˣڴڵغ
ͣﻹкܶ࣬ٸˡҶսͣȰ˵ǴѲҶսһ£ҪûصĽ⣬£;ԶѲˡˣصĽ⡣
֪֪ͣʱ˿ʱֳһʲôĽ⡣һ˾ȫˣ⻯˽ϼһ졣Ҷսǳʵ
⣬ϼʲôֻһڰ磬һƽʥȻ󡭡Ҳʵš


2 Ҷ
ŶһصĹ˵ôҶսһг˺档
ŶȻԡ£ϸ⹦Ҫ
ҶսΪк浱ԪչϵйҪתԪһжͽ޹ûκηӦĵҶսԪйҪת˼Σⶼͽ͡ҲҪЩضɣҶսֻ˰οԼ
ˣͣôˣø׿ҶսͻȻ˶˺󻹲֪ظôˡҶսץ͵֣һ˿ԪҶս½͵忪ʼ̽⡣Լһյʱ䣬Ҷս۾ϲ˷֮Ա̫ͣһ¶ûУһָĺܺáȫľڳͨޱȣҲ˳ˡĽʹ˴򿪡ҶսԹ˺ܶİ취Ƕܴͨľʯһĵִͨ˾ӴԺ̤ߵĵ·Ҷսϲ֮ԱȡҶʣΪͿԣҲǳǿ׳˵Ӧ÷ǳʺŶԣӦܳΪһĻߡȴӦΪԭ򣬵͸޷½иĵĹ涨ߵĺû츳ˣֻСñÿÿ뵽˴ҶսҲһΣҲЩΪͿپĴߵĶڣҲǴʱ˳˼ԭ
죬ͰտǹԡҶսߴٵҲѹҶսļȴһѾȵ̫ˡ
ŶӦһҲǺڴСϴЩţЩǽһ͵еͻΪҺ̬Ļ۽˵֮У۳һšһֱ۲״̬ҶսҲһԭԼͷʹޱȵȻǹ̻˵ǰʵľȻȻԶԶֹڴˣ࣡࣡죬һ;ףʱѾǻʵ2ʿҲȻˣϱѹôãͻȻ֮Ҳпԭˡ
ףףˣˡ˫ۣСҪЦõˣ˳ŻڿлһĻ߽ڵϡһСۣܰĺӣʱеļ˷޷ġÿαŹ򣬱˳Цܱ˵İۣͶֵĺܼǿֻΪ뾡˰취ĸ׵ģôĹǿһ8-9ĺӡҲΪߣɶһ򡣲ͲЩҲֻѡ
ͣҲѾ֪ˡŶˣڿԳƺΪҶʣʶˡ˻ʶҲˣȥʰ£游ȥңȥϵͳѵкôҶսҶʵСԴҲϲá
һ磬ҶʱŸС˸Ҷսķ⣬ʵҲûʲôʰġΪҶʣҶսеĻԳһЩ򵥵ĻϴûʲôʰģҲ·
򣬷Բǧĳһأȡݴһλǿɵģҩأкܶ඼ģû˸ҽȥһصĥߵΪֱΪˣҲˣڻźܶǿޡȻ֪һ鱦أȴܹɡΧҲЩͷҩþܻҲϲļǮˣٵǰѰСҲϷ壬Ǵ˵صһ壬Ǵ˵ص֮
ᴩʯ̳ɵĽֵڳһԼ׵ĴɽɽôƽǧڵİҾɽ˴ɽҲ˳ɽɽ涸ޱȣʹҲʵǣֻһɽŹᴩɽ·ҵؿڵĵɽʯס
ɽŴŴҶսҶŵӽ档˵Ϊصأƽռ˸ðֻĽ׵ҵػ
鷳Ǽ£ҶսҶɽҶս̰ɽ
Ҷ壬ȥȻû⣬Ҳ֪ҵĹأӵǲɽġü
˭˵ʶģûҽҶ𣿡
ʲʲôҶͳǶ˵ǿĽôһҶսΪҵĿ̹٣ȴ򶼲ʲôܣʵ˼ĺ䶯Ϊ˵Ҷ츳ԣǼѣ˳ɳǶΪҶսȮӣһλ𣬽ȴ˴۾
ͣŶҶʣ鷳۹һԱߵʯҲҶʲȤʴ뿴һ£Ҷʵ״ﵽʲô̶ȡ
ŶõġҶߵһԵʯԡʯһʯֻҪת棬ʯϾͻֹȦӵײۣݹ⻷Ķߵʵһ⻷Ӧһף⻷Ӧףһơ
䡱ҶȫĹһȭݺݵʯϣʯһ΢Ļζʯʼ⣬ڼ˵ע£һȦỺʯͷˣŵڶȦҲ
һ˵ʯԼȻһ9ĺӴĻζܻζ΢Ҳֵ˾⺢ӵˡʯϵ⻷³ò˾ȡӦΪӵҲǴʼҪʱܴӸӦԪԪ嵽׵Ϊǰǻ˵ҶʱϵĸոտʼӦԪţ˵飬ҶҲţûȥⱻԶˡżʱ䣬ҶʾͳΪߡ
ҴҶɽ˰ɡҶսһ
ŶܣܣܡѸٻع
ӺݸҶһƴӣһ֣Ҷʶ֡
ֱҶʺ͸ɽ˻Ǵӱ˴˵пŨŨ𾪡


3 
ףʲôðְƵͳ˺档
ɽϣÿֱǧ׵ľ룬һЩϲ徲ҳϾסʯϲ󷨣ûǿɽͻᴥƱҳ֪ǾͻЩɽߡƾ൱ԿףɽͲᱻ赲Ҷսĵӽ͵
Ŷԭ桱Ҷ¶˵ʱһڵأƴһĲţҶʸоһĿڰй۲죬ɻ
ֱȻܸ֪Ϸڹ۲죬ҶսĶӣҶʣһ϶Ǵ˷
ǣҾҶʡҶʲĻشָ΢ЦſԼҶҲûʲôı֡
һźӡɽȥɡʧͬʱҶʲı˹۲ĸоҲʧˡ
߰ɣǸϽɽղҵһλϡҶս΢ЦſҶʡ
š
ܹ˾ŴͬҶʺ͸ҵĺģɽɽ
һŷݴµķֲڽֵԣҩꡢꡢݷװ꣬ʩӦоСɽһС͵ĳˣֻﶼӵھӪ
Ҷ磬ô
Ҷ磬ҪҪ
Ҷ硭
ˣлл컹£´򡣲лл´пһšҶսֵ߱Դк˻ӦšѰҶսԵǺܲġһ·ĻӦ·ߴкˣҶսҶʴ˽ֵһ޴Ժǰ
Ժӱ¶ռؼ㡣Ժǰһ԰ʨӣԵü񿥡ǰʮƲһ֪гɵǿʿĴϷһң顶֣͸¶һֲ
˵д޵еҶսڹ۲֣Ҷʽ͵
鷳ͨһ£ѧý̹ҶսЯҶҶս׼õŷ⽻һС
õģҶ̹ԵȡӹҶսеŷתȥ
ͨˣֱӽɡԺڴһϵ
õģҶ̹٣ɡ˴ţվһߡ
лˡҶսҶȥ·ʱ΢΢һȭ
ſڵ̨ףĴţӳĲǸûʵ̨ͤ¥ûеĽ̻ԻͣҲûеĴ磬ҶԵһ㶡
ǺǣԾ˰ɡ̹ٵһμǵʱҲһҶսȻ鲻٩˶һ䡣
ͥԺԶſڿô磬ֻһ˹СӣӺصݽ˶ѡ
˳ǵزԳķѾûʲôȤˡΨ׷̽Ǹߵľ硣׽ȻĻкôҶսĵӽ͵
ҶսĶӣҶʣͬʱдһѹ
Ҷֻоˣ強ѹ̶Ҫֶ̧һݳ޵顣ҲһΡĸɽѹϣֱѹ
һӹȥˣҶʵĶͷϿʼðӹȥˣҶȫʼ˳鴤·ոմˮһҲѣεĸоϵѹԽԽأϥǶҪѹ䡣ҶʿҪŲȥʱڳһĽ⣬ȻǿҪҶѹĸо˲ʧˣֻоûôɹ
ţɽƺƻջأͬһʱͥԺеСݷŴ󿪡߳һ뷢԰׵ߣɫ󣬾񼫺ã˵״̬׳ꡣ
ܲߣƿ˲ѹԹȥ֮ǰҲЩ˽⣬벻ٴ̾
ǰҲȻôܻñ۸ҡҶ˵֮ǰе㲻ޣһδ¶Ƿ顣
ҶʲҵĴϡҶսϽҶʣϵĲ
һ㶣Ѿкöû˵ˣƽռǰʵòʵˣҶȷʵСȤ
ţˣȥ׼ѧɡϵ˵ʲô顣˵߻˷ڣҲˣԺٴαþġ
Ҷʻһһı飬ҶսֱӸһС㻹ûûˡ˵ҶսҶʵͷЩҶܵίô֪֮ܲͬûº֣ҶսҲֻˣĽҲǴˣϾǸӡ
ҶսŶҶʰЩ뿪ˡҶսǽ̺ӴģΪԺ׼ҶʵСڳ˵ĽʵԾͲϳֱ࣬似ࡣ


4 ţС
ҽܸͬѧҶʡҲһЩˣҾͲˡҶʣλŵĽλǿʼϿΡѮнʦʼ򵥵Ľܵ
Ҷʣͦģô˵ʱôݡ
˵˸ϵţûʲôرİ
ȷʵÿ
ʵĻһ˲ˡҶʰţˣҲŹȥ˼죬ҶһֱΪϸҸ෹̸㣬Թ鶼Ǵر졣ţѾˣȴͻȻҶʷˣԴҶƶ˵ǸšΪ̹ҶսڶڼûĥǣҶսĶӵѧЩ֮ǵļȤϽڶĴţЩ֮Ƕʱˡ
ˣ¿˵Ľöʱ
Ҷϵмֻ࣬ŽһЩļɣһʱܿ͹ȥˣ˵һ¿ΣȻ뿪˽ҡǺһǣǰһ˵¿δҶһɢľ뿪ˣȴһ˶ûߡҶҲûм뿪Դϴλѹ֮˱仯˺ܶ࣬仯˺ܶ࣬Ȳ˵ɽʱܾ쵽ӡ֮ı仯͸Ͽεʱ͸окܶڴм˫۾͸¶ŵ⡣αԶȳǿҲǱøӵɽʱʯɽ˿ʯζޱȳԾѾһ㡣ҶᣬЩе۾µһҪЩʲôüԼʲôͬ
ҶʣҶսҶĶӣȻҶûеȶã˽˹еһԽʵʵ
Ҷʵش֮ǰеľ⼸˵Ŀ⣬鷳ġ
Ŷ۵ǸӦþˣǵġҲûʲôرҶ䶼ˡеŵ
Ǵ鷳ˣ˵ʲô֣ҴӲͲʶ˹ĽҶҲ֪Լ絽׵ʲô̶ȣ⼸ˣҶĵ͵֡
ͦסҽˮʡνšеҲٴοڵͬʱ֡
˵ɽǰʱ2ʿʵ˳һҲ2ʿҲ۸㡱ٴο˵
ɣɣ㿪ʼɣҶȲˡҶʳ˷ܣȥôء
ߡһߣҶʵȲ˷ܱмһˣǶ衣תȭҶȥ
ҶʲܣһȭԼҶʾȻûҲûз˶ΪҶǸֻ˵ʵûʲôʵJǹͷʱѾɵˡӻЩ̣ϾǺûʲô˼¿ҶҪ˶ЩΪġ
һ죬еģѪɳȥĳ沢ûз
ҶʿƺƴһȭҲ۾еС£ȻûתֿһȭҲǽʵʵҶʵϣ˴һ΢ʹ֮ʲôоûСҶʶʱеܲ죬ѵǶԷˣι㲻ģȫðɡҶʲ˳ѵ
ֵ˲ˣһȭǾȫģϵ˶ҶʾȻ޷ӦΪԷûоȫʱоܵĪ裬ŭˣ˸㣬ֵܴܴһϵģ㣬ˡȻôʹǾóȫˡʡˮһϡ
һߺȣֵ˶ԪҶʹһֱȭĹһȭƸӺƴ󣬴ƷҶʵؿϮʺˮͱȽˣҫŵָͬҫŹȣֱҶʵ˫Ҷʵ塣
ҿҶʱһֵˡҪǱʵˣˣ˰ոȥ̰Ҷʷŭˣء
ȭ˫۵ָȥͬʱָסؿڵһȭҽϮһšһƬ۵ͷƤ顣ʵָɲȻ߸ˮһߡҶ˵˵Ĺ뻬ǴʱûһЦĳΪȻһսͬ˺ܳʱˣû·磬Ӧ˵ǻȫѹ˶档
ģҲ̫˰ɣ뿴ʲôˮƽôõõôݡҶд˷ŭ
˶ˣȻֵеݣڱôң˵ӦҶֺˡʱѶִԹ̫ݣ˲̫޳˰ɡ
Ҷ۾һתĻЦ﷢ë˹ʲô뷨ڴҵע£ҶЦȥ㣬㣬Ҫ³׵ˣʲôľٶ
ԡԡԡ죬Ҷһ˸һ£ԭҺŵ˹ȥȻץСһһŽԵĺɻȥȻһһףڿлһĻߣȻͷ½ϵĲ˺ɻҶظ2Σɻֶ2ôС˶һ㶣ͷҲ̫޼ɵ˰ɡ


5 
ʱҴңһȥˡҶҲҵĺɽˣСƨѾҡһʮꡣ峤ˣʵˣҲࡣ
ǿ£Ҷһ˴źɫҹзŵһǱȥǴϵҩλɽԵ±ϡҩ̻ƣʹҩޱȵŨȻҲ̻˲ٽƣֹ룬ǿƻƾͻᱻ֪½Ƶһ죬ԹҲҪȫʮӲܴơ
Ҷһ·˲ٻҹʿܿˣȫǱеҩԡҩﲻҲһƽ׵ӣҩݶЩͷ˵ıҩ˵Ǵ϶Ŭĳɹ˴磬׼ĲƸ˵ãΨЩĵرõĶܹȤҶĹ۲ţҩǻ·ӨӨ׹⣬ǽ¹ĹâҩڵıҩҲɢŸɫ⣬ҶֱˮǾеһҩΧһ׼ĵطǿյأӵҩͬҩɢҲǿҡҶµĿˮγһСˮݣĨһǿˮҶʻվ׼жˡ
Ҷ߽ҩߣҽһ˾ʹҩҩп̻ĽûһҶ⼸귢ԼһܣԼǿޱ֮ⲻκεĽơƾص㣬Ҷ⼸ɽϵҩ˸飬ʱʱľܿǴӵ۵ɽҶʡǱҶӵ㵽ƽ˾ٳץҩѾҶˣһʱĽգͲ֮ˡֻܼǿƣһҶʡ
ʱҩеҶʺٺһЦ˳ִҩгһ궪Ȼȡ׼õĴȳҩ˻ȻâǿҵݾԶҩﶪ
հգһջȫ˹ȥġֱ֪ˣǰҩﶼȥˣҩֲã˼νաҶһոҩݣһЩըΣôãԼûóԣȫҶʻˣ
Ͻÿʶ̽ҩⶼΪ⼸ҶƵɽϵҩɵϰߡҶѾڰǰѳ˴ϵҩﶼ˸飬ϻմմϲԼõĽÿİʶ̽ϰȴˣ̽Ҳû£Ǹϰ߰ˡҲ⣬ۻ̽ȥ
ţҩĽ쳤úÿ죬һûȻô󡱴ʶ۲쵽ҩкܴһ綫Ϊҩѽôܳô죬ͻȻֲõԤУ̽˴Ρ
ҶʣСӣȻҩȥҪһĽաϼˣһңҩȥ
ץҶץҶץס˴˵һ갡ϵĺո£ԭҹˣɽϵĵһյһյǵĽк˷ҶɽϵƤˣȻ˲ٵˣʵҲûʲô취ʱϴͷץҶʣҵޱȵĸǣڰҹҲó˰ٷ֮һٶʮ顣һʱ䣬ͼǧ˵Ķ飬ɿϵҩȥ˵̫˷ˣֱȹڻġ
ԭޱȵҶɫ˲ˣҩÿģޱͻȻ˴ϵ̽顣ǴϵʶһɨҶΪһ٣һϵʶͻȻɨ˻
ոȥ̫ù˰ɡҶʼӿٶȣ˳Ѿ˵Ŀڴ˼ҩݣת뿪оʹ˴ϵŭ
ˣˣκץסͲˣһĽհҶˣؽһ˶ûУֲͣӸܲˡ
ȺĽӽˣҶһôˣЩ˺޲Լһֱղڴϴͷǲ侮ʯŹֻ֡ɽȥһˡҶȻԥҩİ̤ѧԺֵĲ֪ɿɽ³ȥ
׽ҶʵȺûиϵͿ˱ŴҶʷɿĳֻеһ紵Ҷʾʧˡ
ȥˣȥˣ
ҿϸңոջģһصĲٶȺܿ죬ҴһҪץסһĽա
쿴쿴ɽ·Ҫɽܡ
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ǣһȺֵͷɽȥ
ȺǵģôҶͳؿ·еҩݺݵҧ˼ڣֻŨڿжҪѿǻ屬ˡ˿еҩ⣬Ȼ½ʣµĲ֡Ȼھǽȴûͣ˫Ȼɿ졣
嵽ɽŴŵʱҶʷ˵ɽǶԼвԵɽˣڶȤζĵЦһ䡰ǰæҸϴ仰ҩ治ζԴ࣡ȻͷҲصĳɽţĿɿڴˡ


6 
Ҷʴɽӳһ·ҹ̵ӳҵΧҶڳһ߲ݵĸ·иԶ˵ҲеԲ⼸·ûʱȥҶԣû취ֻó͵ҩģԭϿҩİڶѾˣҶᡣ
һ·ҶǰҪҶô֪ǵ֡ϻϲдŵôǳǽԼʮףվڳȫڵж֪һߡʮ֣СҪҶվǳſڣͷһһƵģӢմ˻ҳޱȣ·˲һ϶ܵϰûüӹġ
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ҶԱߵôؤôҲǸСؤ
ԡһöҶʵǰһĻߣȻڵϵιԼĽűߡ
Ҷʵ˽ңȻֱ·ͷϵĳŪó裬Χ˶ס˱ӡСؤôӢؤôô¶ؤôҶŭˣоԼܵǿҵ衣
ÿŶؤСʱһյ̼ڶеˡҸҶʵŮͬķˡ
Ҷͷߣ״ˣתɿȥһȷҲŮҶһͣҶϸԼ·ѾƵûˣѹֻ˽ԼҪģ·ˡ
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⣬¿⣬¿ϵ꣬óԲҪǮ
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Ȼģ⽲ľǳţֵ֥ƽǼٵʮ΢ֵЩˡ
ϰ壬ٵġҶϣޱȿ϶˵
СӣһȥҲ΢ֵСƢãûкҶСӼƽϡ
ҶʺٺһЦתһҷװ֮꣬Ѿһɾ·ˡҶڷװſڻûվͲޱȿٶȺд˳ȥСӣվס㻹ûиǮ˷ŭĺ
ϰ壬и˵·̫ͨһǮһˡҶͷҲصĻӦ
ոȥҲ̫ù˰ɡȱ׷ɽ˲زĵطΪؤҲˣֱƭ·̫Ĵ̼ҶЩ޸п
˴СŮǵһңҶȥݳһٷһϴһ衣ϴɾ֮ô˧ֱܲˡԡҶʶžӳƨ˵
ҶͦŶӣŷԡңȥߵңҶʵĺ˲ʧӰ٣һݵͷΨһһŴϡ
ͷ·˻·˰ôǵҵķ䰡Ҷе㲻ˣϴĸɸɾ׼ϴϢͿݵͷѾ̣ԼĴ󴲣˭Ҳ᲻ġ
СҾרġϵͷһ˫СŹâϵôҶʡ
ңҸԶԩ޳ġѵҲǮҲܰҶòңҲܻǮɡҶʰת䱸ͷΪͷҶʴѹڴϡ
СӣƶˣҶǰɣϷרġͷɴҶʣʱʱĵͷ
ǰɣͷ㻹еңѵѵϲҡͷѾϲˣˡҶüͷͬʱ﷢࣬ⶼ˭˭ˣŴӴӳʹϲಮٵͷһ֪Լ֣ԾǰԼò
Сӣƶ죬ϷȤ岻ȤϷǷѧԺУ棬ɨȥУѧУôͷĺߣСôͷ˵ȥԼܲˣ˵Լ⡣
ѧԺǸȫ½ܳķѧԺҶȻ⼸궼ɽϵѧԺ֪ģѧԺ˵ȫ½Ǻģܶ˼Դȥ߹ϵģǮǮģԲûбѧԺϣʲôϵǮǲġ


7 ѧԺ
ûǸѧԺҾУȥɡͷţ죬üë
˵Ǿǰ㿴ݵһǸУġ˵Уҹ˯ܵ˵ķɫ۾ɫԵöű˿УҪУҾǽֵľֳˡҶĲš
֣ʲôɫԵöˣŲţ㣬ʱԡͷǱҶʴˣһӾ·
ҶʽӹƣӲƴСȴ쳣һٶӷǽȴ쳣Ҷֻǳǳָۣû顣Ҫ֪ͨƷҶͽɸ״ӵ̻һΰߴĴţɷ֡
Ҷеˣӽʵ˵ͷȻܴҵ֣Ӧ֪ͷеİɡԲˣǮ顣ͷǲҪ֧Ԯһ㰡͵ƶ
ƶŵͷһ٣СӣֹͷеûǮϵ·ƭİɡİɣϷѾȥ·ǮˡȥϷѧУѧѻʳ޷Ϸ򶼸ˣ˭Ϸ˰֮ءͷһ˦䣬󷽵˵ƨİ֮ģҪΪ
ͷǰһˣҾ˵ôŵˣٵ͵ᱻ˷ֵġһֹ˵ʲôءҶţ˵
Сӷϻզô࣬ĲУͦģֲӵˣסϷкƧͷôһ仰ʧˡ
ͷܵûͦƵãôĸȤҪǮµġƧƨͦġҶëƷַˣϧû˵ںƧʧˡ
գҶʴӶһͷġոȥڳԴأͱӸˡѾˣҶҲͲڴˣ𴲴ϴҶ뿪˷䡣ʣµǮھƵóһ緹Ȼ뿪ˡ
λ磬ͦ˧Ӵⷢ͸ǵˣ¿İɡҶϵ˵
ǣС˾˵ҳ˧㻹˵ϽֿҵŮӶȥˡⷢģҲ֪˳˧һ㶼û취ͦơƶǣźľǵһ߻شҶʵĻһĨһĵк͡
ոȥ˱һҪˡҶǿŷڵθûаѸճȥ緹ءȻθʣҶϵıȴԽϣ̫ⷢ©ˣʣӢòֱİⲻҪȥѧԺôҪܼһķһס˰ϧϧ
Сֵܣʲôϧģ߸磬ƽԼˣСֵϰܿԼ˧ԼѾô͵˻ǱСֵܿˡСֵԽԽ˳ۣһСֵܺ鷳統Ȼͼˡ
ⲻҪȥôѾ·ˣ֪ѧԺѾˡʱֿ¶ķͣûǮȥҶʵıΣð˹ˡ
Сֵܣ˭ͶԵءûǮʹ˵ò֧ԮٰʮһõĳġѧԺôţ·һֱߣߵУǸˡȥͺˣһֱġ˵߶Ҷһҡ
Ҷֽӹģһٶҵӣ͵֡ԵлҾȥҵҶҲ׼·ˡ
Сֵܣ㣬żСˤš˴ĺҶѾȥԶ
Ҷʰָ㣬߹հ˹յȥʵ̫ˣҶʵٶȣҲǴһֱߵŵѧԺſڡ
룬ҶǰһţſԼʮףԼʮףĸε֧ţϿŻǳԵޱȵأԵòɣŸߴΧǽѧԺΧ棬ΧǽĲӦǿ̻ЩơĿֻнѧԺܿˡ
ʱѧԺſųĶ飬һԷŲõʯӦڽѧԡӦѧԺѧӣȻôôˣҶǵ롣
2ʿʵʮ꣬ѧ˹ϲͬѧѧˡһѧСѧԺſڼѧ裬һһСϣǰһӸǼǡǼǵѧԱͬѧһƣͬʱ֪ͨһͬѧвԡ


8 ѧ
ѧͬѧȫʯеѧԱԸ
䡱һ죬ʯ۳2Ȧѧ¶˷ܵı顣
ţѧͬѧ2ʿʵʮ꣬ѧ˹ϲѧͬѧѧˡһž޼еѧԺѧһƣ֪ͨһвԡ
ոȥ鶼ŵȥˣֵһȥ˰ͷӣֱѧôͲҿأƭӰɡҶʿⳤе㲻ͷˣɹ̫ҲǼˬַʽ
԰գҶͳ˺Ƨϸϸ棬ʵزǼٵİҪȻΪ˺ƸͶҲ̫˵ɡͻȻеƴһĲſڸԵļѧԱͬʱͳԼֵ
ҶʱһϸĹ۲еڸղŵĲҶʿԾ˫δŵ巢ǲɵġ
ǼԣҹȥеѧԱԱߵͬ˵ȻֱҶ
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Ҷʱһ㶪еƣǱƵĲסˣϸĹ۲죬ûע⵽ѾԼߡ
ϻȻҵˣѵ͵İҲʲôǮɡҶʻӦ
ѧԺƲ٣ע໥֮ӦովҵзӳҲŷġǸ߼ƣӦĸϼĴİɡȻҲѧԺѧѧԱҲȻҶʽ͵
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ȻҶʵֹͷߣֱԺֻǵһƽʱǶĽԺƢŹֵԺСЬܵԺƻ˵СģȻһשҶʡ˵ѧԷþҪһٽңûͨ᷵˻Ҫѧѡס޷ѡʳѵġҶƣͿֱѧòԣѧЩҲˣѧԺһֱĴͳֹ˵ԺС
룬Ȼȴ˵ǹŹֵԺʲôϵʱ򷴸Լһ״ͲˡԺƵȻȥˣֱӱ¼ȡˡ˵СǵǲãӿУڵһзáȻƢĽš
ԣͷеģûƭĴꡣھȥѧҶʿĵ
꣬ǾûвˡȻͷĺߣţԣʹȥֱȥԺǱͿˣ
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λúҿҲʮͷܶ˰ɣǾͲѧԺѧˣѧԺڲ£ֲܰɡ˵λҶҶֵеУģǿԵģҲ㲻ҪܱУҲȻѾҶʴˣ޺ԾûʲôƢˡ
ʲôúҽءʲôʮͷö࣬ҲʮòãȻǼһ㡣ѧԺѧƾʵʣòûʲôϵɡҪսʲôʸѧ2׵ľ޺Ŷؼ顣ֿд棬ǿЦ
㡭ȻײЩˡ
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ú磬и£ϴͷŶϴ趼õƮ𣿲Ȼô˳ôҶʶصؿڻЦ
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9 ѧ粨
ֻȭͷײȫײڴһֻɰȭͷһֻŽϸȭͷײһͬ׵£Ԥе˵ΪϸҶѪɵûз
رõȥԶɰȭͷҲ΢΢ЩҶʣˬվԭأ΢ЦĿŶԷصķӳѾϵƵá
ҶЩ껹ûз˭ǿģʹ򰾵ĺܺõĴҲУֻƾԶҶʵΪǿѹ
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ҶʣҶӵҶۻʵĻʡҲͦģʮܴﵽףҲͦߵģ׿ò㣬㻹ˡҶʵЦ
СӣòģǸĸģ˵ǿʵԷòȭսⲻΧԪĵ
ͬһȭͬĽǶȣһȭ̫ƽӹˣͨ˵ȭͷһȭ̫ƽˣǰһȭûκεԪĵԪȫ˶ΪˣԼˡ
ҶʵȴȫôΪʱؾһͷͻȫУֻץס͸һ
ҶӣʼԴ˲򵥡ҶȫԪŵĽ⣬ͬһƽ͵һȭӦ
ͬǴҶȫһ𣬵Ǳǿѹסˡ˳ȥԶǶѪصսӵĸ߰ˣ˫ж͸©˷ܡ
صƸʢˣ˫еĹâʵʻˡһȭȥûʲôļҪ˭ӵǿ
ҶЩһ˼Ķ֣ͬûʹԺصļŽȭͷŶԷȥ

ȭȭ⣬ҶؽԺʮ¡رÿڱѪȻǿվţдŴ˫еĿӵļᶨˡ
ȷʵǿΪҵǿˣˣ㣬һǲ䡣һȭصƴﵽʷߵ㣬࣬ǰƳȥ
Ԫ⻺ƳȥһȭҲһȭʵ̫ˣСӶܹ㿪Χ۵޲ĿΪһȭԪʵ̫ˡԭ·֦ҶïĴΪһȭĲѸٽȥ죬Ҷ˲ƱˡΧ˶¶˳ԾɫʲôطΧԪһȭˣΧʮ׷Χ˸оκεԪǻһȭˡ
ҶҲɫҲٱ˫ֻ䣬һͷСӰԻ䣬һſڷ·죬Χʮ׵ԪһգҲʵࡣһβΧΧ۵˷·βľ˻У׷׵ˡһ˻سȥ
һ죬ʵ˶жѪʵʵײصȭͷϣѪɳȥصˤ˵ϣͷһ˹ȥ
ҶҲ֮Ŀڱ˽ɫѪ˺ü󲽲ס塣ȴûٸСΪղһȫͲ׵ʿܴĳġοһߵֳֳȻɫ԰ֽڵϣ֪
ҶҲз࣬޺Щ£֮ǰΪɵľܽӵ̬ؽֵģԽԽľ˵ǿ̶Щ֮ԷһǿҵвŴ˰ʽ䡣֮Խ䣬Ϊʽɴ񷢳һĿʽԺв֪ĴڴġڵΪʩչ仹ЩǿԻ̬ʱͷ˹һҲ󳬹ҶʵԤ롣ҶҲ˲СĴۣʱȻվţȫڵԪ˸ɾ˶ܹŰ
2СӲ˰Ȼôƴ򵥵ıƴõųɱ𣿡Ƨ֪ʲôʱУſڣǼ´صƣȻ
سұ۹ۣԪգЩⲢ޴󰭡ʻЩˣҪǳ˿¶˰ɡ
ˣҲ¼ȡˣòԣ˰ȥҽҡƧȻǷԸ
Ҷʿͷɫƣ׼ϸתʹ˺Ƨ
Сӣ㲻Ͱһ͸ҸģӰѧԲ˵ңһĸ˵ĸҵĵϴ󶯸ɸ꣬ԭ㰡Ƨɫơ
ϡŶԺⲻܹҰҵģ˵ҸȨⲻԺΪ֤Ժ۹ⲻҾͽѵ£һ£úݵİ޹ġҶȻ
ҶʵĻΧһۣһֱѹŶԷһʼͰѶԷѪƵĶԷط󻹲Ǳôң㻹˵ҪûôҪģȻ޵аոĸߴ˲䵹
ˣƶˡҸϿĽȥҵҰƧѾҶʴˣȻЩ񾭴ˡ


10 ·
úãͽȥҶɴתУųȥʱĲһ̾Ͳˡ
Сôһû˵갡ȻȥҰ칫һˣԼʡƧܻСôоǷԼĸоǰ2εļ棬úƧЦá
Ҷӳ˺ӺͷҰͷٶȣʼҪһʱѧԺ
ѧԺڲûеĸ¥ȡ߸ߵĽѧ¥ǵͰƽѧУסլһͰķмʯС·ţ϶ĵطֲݺͿļŽʻӣ΢һ仨䡣һС͵Ļ԰У΢紵ʱУ԰ƮɢŽ׵Ļ䣬У԰һ˿Ψ⾳оǻξСȻУ԰ҲŴƬĲݵأѧáѧԺҲһ߲㽨ǾǾеһƶˣ
ҶʿʼϲˣǺͷҲûôĹŰˮƿҲû޷ܡ
ҶڱӣµСϣ仨䣬ҶʵҲת֮ǰսܵİѾ޸߰˰ˡ֮£ʲô˳ࡣԱһϳһŴ룬ϻһëƶϵĺһһģϵĳëҲƮʱҶʿԺģǿʵ̫ɰˡ
У԰תĸˣҶͻȻԺĽҪȥԺͷС֪λһԼˡҶʲ
࣡һ죬Ҷһ㶣֪дʲôơ
ǰľɫˣԭӣʧˣǰһʮ׼ˮأˮڣƻãһȻȪ
ѧУУ԰ھȻȻȪҪˣһĳһᣬۿܰҶѾʼõδˣ¿ʼ·׼ȽȥһᡣԺģһ˵
˭ôġݺ𣬲ʱó˳ŭ
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ǸǸǸ˵·𣿣Ҷе㲻˼ˣϾһŮϴʱ˽Ͱ͵˵һԼе㲻ŵĴ
ߣܵŮӵ˽·ҪôŮԽ䣬Ȫеˮһ飬ڵˮеŮ֪ʱһ㱡ɴ
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ιι𼤶˵Ķģ·ģպÿȪ˳ϴ衱Ҷʲ˼˵
ȥŮŭŭŮ˫֣ѹȥȴյݡҶʽŲĲתͷҲĳ˳ȥռһ󲨶Ҷʳ˽ơ
ˡһ죬ӣʧˣͬʱʧĻнƣͽʮ׼Ȫأϳһµӣӳֳһ˫ֵģѧԺһĶǵһѧԺв˶ˣ׷״
ҶҲǱһ亹Ů忴ôĽСȴ̺ôµҪԼ쵽ΣӵĿ죬²ҲҪ˰ɡŮҲ̫˰ɣɱɱкӵ飬ҶʿʼԹˣȴȫԼƲ˹ϵҪ˽ȥôܻ顣
̳ɢȥڽվŵҶʿӵһͷŮ˫֣붼ûתֿʼӴܡЦճֻǱܷӳоΣգڼʶŮֶΣвֵڵϳֻڴϺԺˣ˵λҪǱץסԼ幻ǿҲסĴ
䡱䡱䡱
ҶӣŮ׷Ҷһ£һӣּ䷭ڣŮɴʤѩ̬ӯϽ׵Ļ裬ôһֻԧ첻ɵζڸɵͲôΨˣҶصĲڲ֮أŮĲҲޱȣȻ׷ҶʣҶһʱҲ˦Ůʱ˫֣ռ䲻ϵĶһǼǾ޵һʱСʧһӣ˲ٵŭ뾪


11 Ͳͣ
˵λС㣬û갡˵ǲСĴȥˣ˵˲ʲôûôⶼ׷ôҶûˣҲùɰɡҶԼٶȱȶԷ죬ԵϷ
Ů溮˪׷ҶʴôãԷ·ûҶʴʱԵϷǻϽ͡Ҳǲ׷ˣһֱһһϡ
׷ô˰ɡŮӦľ㣬ɱɱĲʺ㣬׼޲ȥġ㿴羰ҪǰСҿô̸̸̸̸ĶáҶҲͣŮԶһϣ˵ߴŮ
ŮһŹڰ׷ϸüëСɵıӣӣС죬ޱȵĿɰŮͻȻЦӽⶳ˵Ҳĸź
һֱŮƸͣҶʲ˿ˮƯҶʲɵ̾
ԭƽЦȻŮ˫֣ǰδĲ쳣ֲƬ
Ҷɫ䣬һֵĲӬˡιҶ˵ˣʲôûӡ
ⲨķΧ̫ˣҶҲûаӳⷶΧ°ת˼ޣͨ嶼ųǿҵĽ⣬׼Ӳһ
ĲԽԽңǿҪˡڶŮ׼һʱҶʵľڳˡ
ס֡һȴУ԰ڴ϶ʧϡҶˣûоôôöҶʶĻһ
˻һ⴩սɿݵŮıһ£ĺ˲ʼƽ
СҶӣѧԺϹͷƧһĲơ
ͷŶԺܰô㣬ô㣬ôܸɳء˸ɲ¡ҶڨЦ
û˵㣬˵СŮӡƧӵ۵ĶҶһۡ
ȻҶһ仰ŮҲĲƣ˫΢΢ֱҶʡҶʰ̾һùΪ˵Լһ䣬ƨĵϣ˵ŮԼղһ䲻˲
ԺС͵ϴ裬Ʊ˵ǲСĴȥġŮĺ˪ԺǰҲǸӣȻԪھҲʾŮΪƽģǻǿסˣûмתԪ
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Ůŭ˵һǷƵģ
ҲΪİôʵķϣҲҪ㸺ˡȻҳԿҲҪ㸺ˣأ㳶ƽ˰ɡûҾ˰ټŶҲҶתܡ
վסɻȥȪΧԺԿµƣҪǴĻȥһȥͿʼ·ģ˵ʱʱԤıˡŮץˣҪҶʽ˵
Ҷ˵ˣģûеʲôư˵ǵһģҲŸսһԺ֤ʲôĻǡôôֱҪҡҶᣬ¿ҪȪҲϴˡ
ǲСĴȥģƧͻȻʲô׷ʵ
ϻҲŵһսУţȥУſڷҽġô֪ʲôСҶСϴģΪҶɰҶҲƢЩˡ浱ԼӣȷʵЩòԣǶԷһĽҲҶвˬ˾Ǵһܣ򲻹ܾˣڲѧҲνˣϾһʼʳ޲Žġ
ȷʵ£ǸҲ˵ҪѧУҩغˡƧͻȻʲôֹ
Сӣˣǳ²ΪƧͷҶʻ˻֣ʾҶʿ뿪ˡ
ˣȥߵĵһӵңαˡƧѵ
ôȻˣպһҰһľ޺һܶûҶʰշԸתͲˡ
վסŮտڷҶѾûӰˡ


12 Ҷ
С˰ɡȷʵҸշŽģ·Ȼֱȥҵİ칫ңû뵽ȻܵȥˣСӡƧ˵ҶʾЩͷۡ
ǣ˼ϴ裬ʹ˽У԰ÿȪΧԺԿµƣҪǹôǿƣ˽Ҷ鲻С߸ߵľ
С⴩ƵΧĽƲҲûͽȥ˵𣿣˵Ҳңһ綼ѹңҳȥƨ£ԺҴġǵĿҲûռ𣿡Ƨ¶΢ЦĶҶ˵
㻹˵Ҫҷӳ죬ͱˡҶĹĵĵ
⴩ǰû˵Ҷʵ
ӦаɣϾѲû⿪ҵЦġ˺ˣҲȥɣ㿴һɴģһŮӡƧȤ
ҶСһ죬תɿ˿ȥһֻߵĻһضĸӡ
ˣûʲôÿˣҲɢ˰ɡƧΧڵ
ΧΧۣ׼ϷɢǱղҶʺҶŪĶģˣҲûʲôˡ
ƧɢȺȻ˳޸±ղŵսٵĽơƴĹƧһĿǰΪֹܹͼҶΣһھƵбҶʵõͷڶξ͸ղУſڣ˴ĹѪΣҪԼĹʱѧԺǻٵһ롣ƧԴҶʿʼԼ鶼࣬ҪҶ
ʱ󣬺Ƨ޺еĽƣҪƻ϶̻ģɣҪǻҪһ죬ǻٻ̫ԵʡҶȻŭ֮׷Ҷʴ򣬵ǻûʧȥǣܿ˵Խƻٻ
ɨβɣƧһҲͣԼİ칫ҳȥʵеҶˣǻ̫ǿǻˮƽ̫ߡȥˣŪʲô鷳
СӣȵʲôջصԼİ칫ңַŴ󿪣Ҷʲôһ㡣
谡ζܲҪҪ㡱ҶһһڱеĲˮ
СӣƷζˣҲֲβ衣ԴԺȵĻǴТҵģҿӦТҵİɣСӻģ⼸εƨûа׸ƧҶе˳ˣҲ϶һˮĺһڣ˵̹
Ժ㻹˼Сӣ㿴ѧʳ޷Ѷ̲ģǮТءǮʱһТҶЦ
ģƧеˣһֲõԤпʼͷӡ
ȻõİⲻǿȥУſڸ壬ǰҸ˶ŮˣϽҳĲ߰ѲݺôﻹС˲ΡҶЦøȻƵãС˲Σ׼ȷ˵ӦС˲롣
ƧֻоѪӿһѪֱ˳
ۣԺҲǹİ˭֪ô飬ﻹ׼βİȲ˲βİ鲻ܲġҶӵĿźƧô壬βȣװ߶ʿҲôװ
ԭѪһڵģ仰Ѫˡʲôװ߶ʿ˲˵Ҳһǧҩ䣬ʲôݲȡԼȵÿҲֻһСƬѣСȥˣⶼԼȴˡСӾȻԼĲβͣװô󷽡
˳Сӣ㳤ķϣҲ㡣Ժͣ㣬ٸҵң鷳Ҿͽ˵ѹˡƧòѹеŭ
ʲôҶˣôֺͳϹϵˣⲻԼӳѵôʲô
СӣƶˡǵĴϣһЩӢ¼ˣϴҩ¡˵⴩ƣһʼһţˣСͦ͵İƧ뵽ѵ˲ƽࡣ
ҪǴϺǶѣΪһô㡣ҪǱСͷסĵСһصˣĴǻƧ˵ҶʾЩֱӷסҶʵﶪСһʱ䲻úˣﻹǳô¡
˼ǣϸкչңܰСͷ˵Ҫץһȥؽյô˱˵ҩҲûôһֻӣĵĲˡȥҩҵԵľҪץһȥ˽ȨҶĲš
⻰ҪǴ˻裬Ȼ˵Ҷʹ˱˵ҩеֻ˼Ҷ˵ȥԼҩҵԵģҵԵôҹĿôһڴǰҪϴٰ
Ҫץȥܴɽܳ׵ǿֱӽգ㻹ӵõ϶Ǳ㷳û취ˣҵɽġôôù˵츳⣬һúӡôۼʶһ£ڼʶǼʶˣʶĶǻ츳Ƨĺڣ˺üƵá
ģһ·ôûиӦͷϢ㲻ƭңȡͬİɡҶƤЦĺŲ衣
͹ˣСӿ϶һ·صܹİɡϼһû׷㣬ֱˣ㲻ߣҲҪȥ㣬չġƧû


13 ͽ
ҪǴҪ˲ٺôһôŹ֣ͰСˣȻ仰ƧŲ˵Ȼ֪Сӻ᲻ܡ
Ҿ˵ô˼˰ģôץһȥôͷǣǣǴûиҴ˵ʲôҶ棬ϸĿźƧ뿴׻˵滰Ǽٻ
ƧȻûнյתҶʵĶǱϾҲթ˲ٵĺôе顰ܰҩﶼϴˣλ㣬Ѿ簮ˡƧڸԼ顣
ţеˣŮ˭⻹ͷһѹԼͬˣǸŮӣҶʵȻҪˣ챻һŮ׷ҴҪǱɽϵ֪ˣζЦѵİɡ
ҶһǹϵʵҲʥҺ˵ôСȥûСȻٷҹһաƧ
֪ܰ򲻹һȥҲҶʲôݹϵɡҶЦ˵ţһĲ
Ĳ׼ȥˡƧҶûԼĻ߷ˣȥǵüɹġ
ˣס38ᡣƽռҲûʲôΣѧԺвؾԺǸкܴĺôúͣھȥưһ£ŶˡƧԲǸְĽ˵ԱĽ˼䣬ҶʵǽһƵʯϰһ¾ʹߴ뿪ˡ
ιͷı߰ιһкܶ⣬ҪʵġԺҶʻĥĥģһɲɿܵĴҶʱƳ⣬űҶʴ򿪵ķҲˡ
ҴҹĶߣԼȥʣҴˡڴһȻƾҶīҲûκ
ҶϹһᣬȤҲ뿪ˡ
˵ôһϷҶŮ񣬽Ů񱩴һ١
ʲôһ٣ͽ磬ŮŮ񶼱ŪͨģҶۿˡ
ˣˣŮɿ˸ѧͽ磬趼û˵ϴűɴ׷ųˡʱӣ裬һһ׵ģֱɾ°ͽ˵аˣȻܾŮıס
ˣͽ磬Ůԡʱǿг˽ȥŮ£˵ҪԽ˼֮ࡣŮ߳ŭųҶƴˡ
ҶʰպƧָʾߵȥһ·϶۸ղԼҶ£Խ˵ԽףҶͷĺߡ
ҶһһĭɵͬѧһƵʵ˵ľǸպҶսٻغϵͽ磿
ͬѧüɫģûпҶϵĲƣʲôսٻغϡ㱻ƭ˰ɣͽͲŮĶ֣͵¾ˣսˡҸɣϹ˵ĲģųʵɿСɾˡ
ʲô˵ģֺͬѧİɣ۸˲֪ġʵɿСɾҳʵһġͬѧ˵ͽİݰֵܣչֽնͷģǹϵǸոյġ˵ͷʪ¸촽ŵԶˣ˵ͽ磬ҲֵܣСͺŮһ𳤴ģŮϲͽ磬ܵѧԺˡţǶһģԾҶҴġͽ鰡ҲˣΪת⣬ȥ͵㰡ӰʲôġΪľǰߣû·óȥˡҲңԸⱻѹȣֳɸղˡ
ҶĺߣǴе飬컨׹ģҪԼǵ˵ˣضˡҶһסੲݵĻ죬Ҿ˵Ǹͽ磬Ҳʶ㡣ʲôģҡ
ֵۣܣ㰡㴩·ҶϲˡǸǸǸҲϲŮѸ͵·һղذɡʲôҾͲҪˣҾҪһ׾ͺˣϾŮ÷ģĲôҪǰɡֵʱͼˣ۷Ź⣬ƭӵ߾簡Լƭˣ浱Ҷʰݹˡ
һҶĺߣ˻ǱˣһͷϺݺݵһǡ
ֵܣôŰ᲻Ҳܴ˰㶼ˣ׶᲻ãǸһ·ϵ˿˰ɡǮҲУţһٽҡʲôϣ˲̫̰ðɺðɣһǧңܿ˰ɡִֻŵһʹóһңҶʶɨһ£ȷʵһǧҵӣֻ಻١
Ҷýˣֲ˵ʲô϶͵ҶһѶеĽҴִ˻ȻֽŲõİǴ˸ͷ˳һһԵСƮȻȥһ˿ֻвҺߵĻ֡


14 ˸ӣ
ΧΧۣ׼֪չʾԼôĲѧĹڣĿеͽ˵ıٿֵĲ״﷢飬תܵˡȻԵûйǹֵǮûǲôСúͷƵã趼ʶˡ
һ·ķһ߽˼Ⱥҥеĵ۵ȺҶ
һŵͰķӳӣ£ݱһĵ䣬Ϲƺ롣Ҷתһе38ŷ䣬мһͬƵĵطҶİȥ𣬷߻
ͦ˻ɽҲĽ¡Ҷ˷ڣ仹ͦģһŴ󴲣һ䣬⻹һеĵطӦƽʱõģһЩ򵥵ļҾɢڷĸ
Ҷʰ׵һȥҶʾİǿ˵ϵ̯ӣԭһС͵ľԴԴľۼ󲢲ǿгΧԪǻİΧԪ£ԪӰ
ҶڲڡҶʸհ̯Ӵ¸ϣָյҪԼ
˭Ҷȥ˳ִ˷ţҶŵһ˾˳߽˷СŶûƾȫˣҽҲ
ң¡¶Ť顣
֣òǱҴһ٣Ȼҵľסˣұ׵İɡҸ㣬ǲϲ˵ģҶҶϣұףҾܾˡҶܻ𳵡
Ŷǣǡ㣬ԺҵĿˣһ㣬Ȼһ·ǿУߵ۷ġ
ʵģײŴģҵĿ꣬һġ£ûˣҶҡͷܾЦҵĿ꣬ǲԺ󳣳Լ鷳Ȼ˭п򰡡
ʵɡʵɣʵƴѧԺԭΪҶӵģǰһξͰˣ෽֪ѧԺġ˵͵·֪䲻ҶӣܸܲһҶӵ·и롱ظӵŤˣԭú̿ƵӾȻˡ
˭˵ġҶʴŭȺ˻ûˡ
ҽҵʦѧô˵ģ˵ҶײȻ͵˼ҵ·ȻˡҾǴסַǲһ¾͸ˡغŵöҶʡ
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ҽ£ǳĹӣҽʮꡭ⴫һŵŮ
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λŶС㡣λǺʶʲô¡ҶҲ㲻λԱˣ˵ǹӵǸŮ˵СԳƹӡ
ģҽҲʮٴǿһ±УһֱϲҶŮΪһֱû̸͵Ҷ·Ҫ˵ɣǮ㿪ʮִҶ׳ն
Ⱥ˻ûû˰ҲһһץͷҶʱŪķͻȻһתһ䡰ǮҿҾϲˬˣ·ءЩ򣬳ôǮǶӵôӲֵôǮôҶЦĴ˷š
㲻˵ûôô˵ˡһԵزˣһֱһҶʵϡ
ϻղûУˡ⧲֮£Ҷʲûſ£û˵
ţλͬѧҲӵ׷ôҲһƬ֮£ǹƽɡŴ򿪣˷еأʿȵ˵Ҫƽ
λͬѧһŮ׷ҶʲôŶ֪ˣİɣҵĹ˿͵ķϣҲ˵ġҶʴصĥѿվ
ôɰģôкӡ۾ҶüӣС죬ɫ𪣬ôôɰһɰŮ
˵ǳĹӣеģô׷ˡ㿪۰ɣҺλͬѧƽҶʵıֱ֪ԼƭˣСʶˡ
еġҶʿ˶Է˵Ƕĺᣬ񺮡
һǧң˭Ҿ͸˭Ҷ׳Լļ룬ڴĿֿء


15 
ʲôһǧҡǶӵ£޼۵ģҲòһöңһҸ㼱ҶʵıۺŭݣܵĪ衣
ңңֻһǧöңҲŮֹۣҾͲˡɬóһǧöңź˵
λֵܣлİɣôϵķϣ㰵ӡϲ˳˾ڵӿҲЩ˳ˡ
˺ˣɣӵû⡣죬һǡҶһһصǮЦ乷βͻƵá
ʲôûУûҵǮʲô㶼ˣ㻹λͬѧǮʲôû㣬ҵǳһŭݵĿҶʣǿһƭӡ
ͬѧ𰡣顣밡ô׷ңܰӵ·ЯôȻǲˣһô졣ҺһȫĵطǸˣڷȹ죬ȥ͵͵ȡ㲻ͺˡҶʺƵУͬѧҲϲӣϧǮ㿴û㾺·ˣһӵ˿ô˲̫޳ܵġҶѭѭͬѧ
ҲԣҾʹһΣָһ˿һȵǷ飬ɵȷʵĽס
ͬѧ̫лˣԵְҽأӽ쿪ʼǾֵˡظһӵһֵı飬ôŮҰޡ
ĵĿģԪͻȻҵĲҶɫ䣬תܡ֪λͽʲôˡ
ιϸŮӣȴһסҶʡ
ſҶǷɱˡҾ˵մû¡ҶʼˣⲨҪǱУͷʣ¡
ʲôҶɱˣ˵ʲôҲˣͽ粻ºܻ˵Ҳǳģ
ⲨôҵģҶɱʲô֣ȻҸ㼱˰Ҷʽû꣬治鷳ģһ㶼żţ뺦Ұ
˵ⲨĲŶˣ˵Ǹģ֪ҲعҶ˵ʲô˼ˡ
ʲôõġҶһ˵Ҷԭɤ۵ַ˻ȥ
кܾõʷˡѧԺտʼʱѾˣصƣôԶԪתġÿһܶ2£Ԫ쳣ŨƲҲȽܸ׸شԪܰ˽ʱġĶʱ䲻ȶÿζʱͻղԪҲһԵãմմϲҶʴѧԺÿѧԱ֪顣
ô棿ǻϽİҶʶһʲô˵ô棬´ǰ·
Ҷ˵ѧԺ룬µĿտ϶ѾվˣȺ˷ܵţȴŽƲԽԽңؼԪҲԽԽˣ֪ҪźţҶʶˣֱһħͷҪˡ
ſڵƲΪңˮһʱѿԭʵܲĻ꣬һ׳ϣ·Ҫ
ҶʸԶͼҶ飬һŮӣһϮʤѩһϣΧճһƬӵĳ벻עĿѡⲻΪƯʵҲֲͬ档мƬֻͬһ˶֦ͷΧûһ˸ǰ
Ҷ֮ǰҶֶΣϸոճ·Ļƭ2ɵǮȻЩ飬˸ԶҶĽ侲õȴš
˵أԪŨ̶һϣ⻹ġ
ǰĴڵײǽȥ֮Ͷ͵ҪԼ´ԽԪԽŨƲҲԽСϴνȥһǰˣڴ

Χľһĥʱ䡣ҶҲ˽飬ٲʲô֪Сˡ
࣡
һ죬ѵǣ˵ġһѹȺӣޱìܵʵķҶʵǰ
尡
֪˭һſڵŵһѷǶųȥſھôһȺ˶һʱȥֶѧԱΪһʱ䣬֪ȼֱ֮һȺ˾ţţ˴ܣôôһȺеå


16 ¶ʮ
ҶʺؿĿɿڴʱߴһŮȻһӰһζȥ
ǰһ̻ԵȲֱ˹޵ֱȺȥΪܶԵʣСƨɻһŤһŤģҶһ񺮣ߵҲ˸ս
嵽ȺıԵʵ̫ˣֱܲ͸磬ˮòϸԵʸͼȥ
ɵ˰æȳȥ˵ҶЭȳȥ˵תҶ˻վԭظûż
ŶˡҶʻعкһǰȥ
ôһ㶼żңѧԺÿ޽ġǽܲ밡ôŨԪп̻˾еԪﵽʲô̶ȡϧޣѧԺеİԵռ˼û⣬ĶǿʵģסĻܵеĽеһЩĺ߾ûô׽ȥˡһ˵˳һ仰ЩڸԸеСͷ촽
һԭռ˵ˣˮѸٴʪѣҲһ٣ȻѸٵı̵վ˵ϣȺһҡ
ҶҲǲɵôһһɺӼ׵ֱСҶʰһҪǺһʱ䳤ȡ򶼿ˡ˵һү۾ͳôɰأòŮӾҲ롣ҡҡͷʼתԪſڼȥ
ҶӲǰӵȺһȱڡǲסְѵǰԲȥʵǲľֱץס·һԶȥӵȺоͳ˻һĻԭȺǰ漷ʱóʲôժҡ¡Լǰľߵ˻ûӦ͸еһɴȻ˾һ鲼һ˿УȻҵһȺˣһɧңȺϼҡ
رѾ׼һʱ򣬾ͿҶˮóȥԶʱһߣһ˵ͨڨڨķ䣬һðСǵҶȥ
ΪҶѹȻҶſʼжãȴ쳣ٵĽӽſڡҶſһӵϰȥһӵľа˿ȥŪҶһֵ塣ĬĬڼһԵİϲøɾתסſڡ
֣֣ȽȥҶʳſһͨĿռ䡣
ͽ֣лл˰ԵҪǻ֪ҪòܽȥءЦҶʵлҲûͣţһ̵ĳȥҲһ̲ˡ
ȥҶһŵſһԭƨɣԼƨϵĻɳȥҵһȺˣһŭҶʿͷתڡ
˫һģ˫еٴαѾһͷܶĵطâ˸ѧԺͽ
ôɣҾ˵ԪŨġǺŮִ˹ԭȻȽˣûм뿪ڴԱߵҶʡ
۾ĬĬĸһ£ҶʵͷȷʵԪ쳣Ũ᷿һСṩŨˣռ䶼øӦƵĲ
ˣ㣬û˻ͣģǸϽȥԽ£ôԽ󣬲ѹҲԽǸϽȥҸܳܵĲ棬ռ÷úҶʱ۾˺óʱ䣬ΪˣϽѵ
ãߡҶ˫ۣ¥ȥ
¥ҲƲҶͷҲصһͷ˽ȥ˳¥һ㡣˫۸һ£ȷʵǱȶҪúܶࡣתҲˣ˽һһĸ²ȥ
ÿһҶʶ۾һ£Ȼ󲻷һԵļȥضҲˣͬҶڸӦһĲڸܵѹÿһ¥ͻֹĽżҲҶʵĸܡǵĽҶ֪Խ£ͨ¥ڵĽƵѹԽ󡣸տʼҶʻţǿǹƵʱȷʵ˹ڶԿʵҶʲմմϲԼȷʵܻԴʼѪ˼ΣѪҺ˽ɫȻͲʲôˣַԼԭѹҲͦǿġ
ˣˣȥҪѹˡһ˶ʮ㣬غ˼ޣ˵һԵȥһѾˣٵ˶漸ѾפˡԾûгɮٵһȺΪҴֵûз
ҶԴ֪н֮Ȼÿι¥ڵʱҲתװڶԿѹӣÿζŪĺͽɫС̫Ƶã಻˶ûзҶʵСܡ
ŶɣҺܳܵסѹһԿҶʲûиȥͨһ¥ڣ׼¿
С̬ͽ硣ôǿֲһѧԺ͸ȥ͵ϴ裬͵·ļһҶʻҪ£
ǰȷʵҲܲˡҶ෽ŴȥӾһģܲܺͬһطҲˣô϶ˡ˵Ť˵ҲǺͽ֡ÿһ㣬ҪӦܵѹ⣬ҪӦûҶϢһ·ûиӦ


17 һ·
Ŷͽ֣˵ҲˣǵĽ׻ûɡ浹ùʱ2¹ǳȥˣɲ׼ˣһŵĶҶʣƵá
İɣ·ôҲתͷĶԼҶһ񺮣һ˳߸ߵĺ޺۶˭ҹ˭ܲˡҶʸϽһ䣺Ŷˣص˿İɣȥ͵һʱ佻ǡǵĹϵǸֵָģôǵأҶųʵɿСɾɲ¶
Ҷһ仰˵Լ죬ûеĶҲǵǮ˵ɲ˵£תһԼȷʵˣȥŮװǾͺˣ뵽Ҷֿ
ˣȥɡԣһǴкҶĲǿ˿ͷ֧Ʊ
ͽ֣ԵԺҵֵˣȹǳȥˣȥջֽնͷݰȥȻһҶ˵ҪæкĻж£޲̽ݡ
ͽ֣֮ǰѧԺſҲԣ㲻һ˲ţʵҲһһġȻʵͽ㣬ԺֻҪõҵĵط˵ǵɽüͷһ¾ǰ塱һĺҲĵűı죬ëҲ
Ǹ˵˵ֵӦõġ·ŪҶЩ˼ˡ
ȥɣȥԣҾһҶǻӻ֣¥ͨȥһΰıӰ
˽һ΢ңҶʷˣȥƴתԪŪԼһ֧ʵĵƵã湦൱λҶĿš
һ󲨶Ҷʺ谭ţ˳̨˵21㡣ʶɢûз˵ӰǳİȫҶȥֽ˾ŴδʵݣҶ˵30㡣
30ԪŨ̶ѾǳˣԪǱ˸ѹƵãԼʹǿ¶Ѿʼ˰ɡͬɢʶʮ̽飬ֻоһԵĹǿƵĲһʽҶʷǳϤġǰû׷ԺҴҶʷҪǴĹһץסݺݵĳЦƨƨһٵģûʽҶ顣
ʱҶѾεУŵʵҲǳԺ־ģжֶһԵķлͬɲҶĲͬǿ
·Ǿ쵽ʲôҶһܣȻֱ۾
Ҷʱһ亹ÿµֱɽʱ֮ܶǱ볤ǵҩûбץƾԼǿµֻҪԼ㹻Сģʶ̽鳤ǵĶûбֹÿ͵ҩû뵽ξȻҶоˣεиоģԱ߼˾ȫûзӳεСĬĬİҶĿ̶ֲһȼҪƨƨңԶˡδɹҶŬ
ҶȫϢϢޱȵĳͨһšһ󲨶Ҷʴӵ30ʧˡʱҶ۾ˣˣȥˡѧԺܺԼȼĲԱѵһֱʵʵҶֹʶһɨȷʵûзӰҲͲˣ˸Ʋˡ
ʱҶѾȵĽ˵31㣬˵ѧǿļ˶ǲˣС΢Ҷʿɲ˷Լܡ̽û˺һһԪŨ̶ѾҶʺܲˣ㲻ڱǿϼԪֱȥҶʶܣԴԴԪƴͨë꣬Ȼ󲻶ϵıͬԪ
ôһСᣬҶʸоԼ嶼Щ͵ĸоĻУǶһͷϸһصٳȥܹˣǰ幻ǿܵסԪ塣
ԪתҶͨӲӵģǽɣǿбƿǺԪҶʳһôһᣬϵһµʱˣͬԼģһӹڣ粻˭ܵ˰
ҶʶԪ֣һɫ̫һм´ȥÿһѹҲԽԽ󣬽˼㣬Ҷ͸ĻԪҲѹȻڡŨճԪ͸룬ҶѸٱŵù
Ҷʵܲˣʹ˻ͬʱϵתһǼǵԺеľѧĥڹԪ
ҵĺл죬ŨԪҶʽľҷӿԪĦǻһ硣ԪĵĹ£Щ΢Ĳ
һͨһ¥ȥ˫ֵĻӶȴûֹͣһʽʽ޵ļдȥֻΪǹԪڵԪԼܳܵ״̬¡Ҷô£˵ſڣȫԪһ䣬ǰδеʵһХǰȥҶҲ֮ⷴš


18 Ŀײ
ڱĵذϵҶʻʪ͸һ¡ʵ̫ˣҲִ̫ˣǰʱҶʾѾе˺ܴѹǻƾųţ»ľͷ˵ˣҪԼЩļĺǹԪƽĻ¾ͱĳ
һĹҶͷͷŨԪֳ壬ϽԪֱƿ˼йԪҶĻ±۾ĬĬĵԼѵ״̬
ʱ䣬ҶʲŴεȡĴͳ˼ڴ͸ҶʵģֻҪõ㷨ĶʵáϵʱҶʺȥģϾú֪Ҫд£׼Щ
ҶʵջǾ޴ģԪҶʲòƴġƽʱΪԪյķţͨҶʲĵʹҲࡣԪʱҹУֱҶƴģҲǿͲ١ʵҲвСľΪﵽ۷壬оʱҪͻƣǱҶѹסˡⱻԪŵ۷壬˳ƳĽףɾ粻ȶ²Сĺ󻼣ҶʿɲԺ߾ʱ鷳
֮ҶվΪʵѹȵÿƽڵĻԪٴαҶſһξ롣ҶʵĿҲüᶨҪ´ȥΪһھ͸ӦֵĲҶҲҪײһ̽
ʵҶʸһڱĿӦʱ͸ܵһֵĲԲŴһʱ䣬ļȥҸλõ̲סѡֵǲʮİԺȴޱȵĿҪΪԺĪĿҶʸоӷεģҶ鷳ôƴƵ״ܡ
Ҷſڣ˫ֻתһԥĴ˳ȥԭͳӯԪѸٱһգԪûбʱѸٴܽһ㣬˫ֲͣеڶҲ۳Ρͣ£ҲԽԽҶҲĸܵĿ¡ҲԽԽʵԪĳȡҲԽԽֲܳҶڵԪ쳤˻ʱΧԪҲ˲ȡɾԭŨԪһ˲ա
˶㣬ڣײסҡΡϵƲʱ˸𲻶ƺƴĲͣײײɵľ޴˲Ҷʣò˫ϣתԪϽסµʯ壬ŲڱݺݵƷɡ
Ҷʸеޱȵʹ࣬ҪڽʹҪ͵˵ĳϮ˶Ҫ˺ëһ˿˿Ѫֱ͵˴
ԭɫѪҺɫϵļ˲ӽɫеҲԪϵĹ͵ĳˢ⡣ӵͨ͸ӵǿ͸еԡ
ɽ巨ѾҶʾ˷Ѫ˵ɫѪҺڵҲų⣬ͨ͸øʺСҲ¶ԭǿǱӵǿͣѪҺɫر⣬ѪҺ̺еĵƲ˺巨žͶҶȫʧЧˣôתҲûһ˿Ч
û뵽ʱѹեĥ£һɱˡѪҺеʹɢȥӿҲоڿͣ΢档ԭѹȸҲʧˣҶʾ͵µԪĽ
һµʱ䣬ʮ죬ҶʾǸһĥԼӲѹڳ˵ȥӦǽԪȥˢǱ˺ѿռԪ籩ȥ˺Լ塣Ӧ˾ԭ˾ͳЩȻͼ´Ҷʵ·ѾԪ籩˺ˣģҺûˣҲͲõ߹⡣ǳһд֣ͨű˺·һ˺ѵĽʳҲĹˡ
Ҷȥ׼ĸǹõģҶô£ķѵҲҲͼӿˡ
ҶһջҲǾ޴ģ˵ĥ£ʵ˻ǰȥҩ̫࣬²յĲڳھѹեȫˣҩ鲼ȫһͻ۷壬ĽסѾҶЩѧԱеһ߸һȽˣҶʴγȥȥҶһϸ¡
ĽԺҶʵһǿʶȸ涼õ˺ܴ׵ʲô̶Ȼ98ܵѹȻǾ޴󣬵ǲ޷ˡһҶվ壬Ŀɨͨһ99¥š
ҶĿᶨ˫硣


19 Դ
һ⻪Ҷʳײ㣬ŨĽ͸Զֵסѹ
ҶɨܣΧһƬտҶûУ˵ʲôӰ֮ġԪҺڻ⣬ر֮˳Ⱦ˰שǰשûʲôصĵط
ҶһʧԼӷεĿôһʺĵطֵǣǿûмʧ쳣ǿޱȵĿȴֲ֪ԼڿʲôҶʿҪƷˡ
ţʲô
Ԫɢмһ޴ͼܲһƬͼ
ҶʺĽӽһߴһмȥ
ͻȻüһ⣬ͼ롣ͼҵöܲƶˣͣͼתһĿĹâ
â˺գ¶һһͨڵͨ
ʱüĲԽԽˣҶʲķ˽ȥŵҶʼвֹ
վҵĲҶʶʱеͷĿѣָʱѾһƬϡǼӲʯ壬ϳ̲ݡԶʯᾣɽΡ磬Ӳ֪ǲĹľҩءԪŨǲ߱ѹ˸оʮֵʡ
ҶĿɿڴ⣬ôҲ氡ѵǻþҶĶ˶ţ´ĸоȷʵǱʵʯ塣
ҲǱȥ˰ɣҶᣬȻϽôڵסҪһǸŮѧԱˡˣҶ϶һ򣬻һǰȥ
һ·滨кܶҶʲҪ˵û˵ҩأвͷҩǶ˲ժĳֲﻹֲȻҲκڹĺۼ
ҶһѡݾԶҩһǰȥ˾衣һƬأӦûҲûС
磬Ҷʿ˾ͺҩ֭Һ˾ͽҩҲ֪˶õ·Ҷʾ÷˵ʱǰڿΪĺۼ
һɽߵľʯķĹ壬صķģʣȻǱ˵ġÿǧ׶һɢŵľʯһоʮſ飬ԲΣΧмһ鲻ë֮ء
ʯͬһޱȵľ޴ͼƿ̽˵ʯСͼԾʮſʯΪʼ׳Сľʮſʯ̡еʯСΧʯ̣ΧһСʯңӦΧʯ̺͵ϵƲеʯṩþеľʮſʯ̱ĿĹʣâһγһ޴Ĺ롣
ûһֲƬصĲľγǿҵĶԱȡ
Ҷʿ÷ëǶôֱʣͽΪ˽еδ֪ڡʲôħͷɣҪô²õҶתߣüеĿΪңĽüѹƵҶ޷Ҷʺˣ棬ôûʲôħͷķӡǰ˷ӳôԼķӳ
üǶħͷݰɣҪǷųҹͷʣҶ֮ʣûд޵֣ｻˣӢ˰ɡ
̫ˣ̫ˡᵽԼ붼˵ҶǸһԼˣųһħͷרСѣһͱħͷԵӦ
Сӣҳ컯һϵͼ봫˵ĺơ
˭ҶΪԼδĬͻȻдһͷˣеĴڷԼˣԼԺеĴӦϣˡ׶Բ𰡣϶Բ𰢣˵Ժҩģû˰ҲԲ˰һ͵£Ĳȡ͸ǡ
ʣһݺˣҲ֪ˡһֱڵһѡеʿҳȥȻһݺ¡˶ǵһˣѡеʿңһ츳ǵʹɡϵƽͳ
ҡȥҶˣһҲŲ㻹û˵ڣͱüеĴڿţȥ
츳ʹһ޷ܣûܹΥּ⡣ɣ㽵ϵʹɡʼձһƵʣҶʷ˽ҲûκζĲ
Ѿ˹ǰֲԼĿƣҶƹˤֻһһˡŶΰʣһҾ;ˣڴӻججѹǵģҵʹûܿʹҲȥʹңôܽ㣬ΰǰҶܻ𳵣Ĳ˵ԼĵĻ


20 ԭˣ
ŶѡеʿעҺ㡣ֻҪΧľʮſʯͷʱתһٰʮȣ־ͻ顱еشָ㣬ȷе˵ָʹҶʰ¡
˵Ҳֻ֣ҪҶʰеĴ˵ŰųԭͲ֡
ҶʱƵû취ֻܺڵߵһʯǰƨɣ˫Ĵʯϡ
±˲֪ƵãҶʴţСͨ죬ٱ湦ĺ㣬ȫûһ˿Ԫ˫Ҳûһ˿ʯ档
ˣͻȻоüĵĴҪ춯ҶʰһùԪðӲӵĴĿâƶʯ̡ʯ̱Ƶ¡¡죬һסԭӣʱ䣬Ҫ϶ã˭֪أ϶ԽԽãֱ취ΪֹüеشȻżҶӵĻᣬ춯ҪסҶʡҶʵʵĵ˿
˻ʡŵĴΪҶʱԼŵĺôϹˣһʼ͸ӦԷǸĽ׵ʿƲʯ̡ԭ봫һطķľԪȡ޴طЧǿֲģǴҲǾ޴ġ
ǿҶȫʩΪʱ򣬻ð˴ĿĽ⣬ĹâֱеĴڲ֪ð˻֣ҶָϽֹ䣬ʹҪط뷨
Ƭ֪궼ṳ̂ıأʱ¡¡졣Ҷ˴͵˼ȫʩΪ²ʱͰѾʮſʯ̺ܿͰҪʱתһٰʮȡ
Ҷʰһʯ̵תһٰʮȣڲʯ̶ʱһǿҵȻεضʯײһ𡣼ĳգʯ̱飬ʯգԭ̻Ƶȥʮס
Ƶ˲ܲ˲˲ܻĴ˸߿գȻ󱻿˺飬һмꡣһ׳˺գŭ˹ϣù뵴ˮһĲ
ࣣѣϸ΢ĩհĻԭױԵȴҶʵҲһ·Ҳˡסδ֪ڵĹˣҶʵᵽɤۡ
үؼˣ㣬һƤԳʵĴЦЦնϵĲ
𾴵ǰѾҵʹҵΪʵ̫ˣܰǰˣܷʹȥҵǷʹͷǰһͬˡе̳δɢȥҶҲͿԷʲôӣǹʲôӡʱ벻ʲô֮Ҷʴ㿪
Сӣװˣһʼ͸о㲻˵һסҲҳǲ֪ʲôԭȻֹʹİҷ˳ǾͱˣҴŪȥ˵شɢ̳¶ݡ
λǰǲǸԼ壬һֻڹ갡֮ǰâǿԿ棬ʱƿֱ̳ɢҶҲ˸С
ǰһֻߵĴˣǳɫܲƣҫŵĽ󡣲ֻˣ˹ɫͨ嶼ֳɫһͷƨɺҲβƽɡ㳤ŸǾ
СôôϻȻûȫҵͼƵˣҲܷӳһܳġƾСӵĽΪǲģˣСȰˣȻڻЩʱԼѿŸǵĴͷߣ˫ĶҶʣֻҪЦȰ˵
ǣôҶǿЦǰüеĴѾӦòǺǰһģҶʳһ
ַϣȻעԪС㣬鲻ôãˣƣǿԳ׵˺Ƥ
һ죡
䣬ҶʹԹԵǹעԪͬʱоеСջȫԪವһһԭǰֻʣһտǡȻŵ˿Ǵһɲɿܵ˲ҶڵԪһ룬ŸоһҶʻعʱϾѾһǣҶ棬ֻͷ֫˿⡣
ҿүġҶʴŭƴɫȭͷסڹϣܴȭͷûùǽ죬ֻǼ˹ϻƵһ󲨶ֱ̣̣ô˵ġ
һ綫˸߿գһ粻ϵı߽⣬һڡռ䶼ˣֻʣͼһδ֪ĿռС
үֻâɢȥһɽľǰСɽƵͷҶʣͼϡ
ҶĿɿڴĿţ˱ʵʵڵķǰ̫ˣҶʶϱŹǵĲˡ


21 ˮת
˱ˣŶԣ˱ޱȻƵһĻʵóҶʵǰҶŵôĶҪϲˡ
ιСʲô񡣱һʼ͸˵Ǳһݺˣôζɡʵıôô׳צӲʱĦһϸС磬ϵĹ졣
һ޳ܣ㻹û˸ˡҶŭˣʥôôֱôôô
СӣһεķϣҾͲҪˡһת˵ʱôãԪھͰѪųŸٰʮĸʷ£ʻָЩԪٴ뿪ӿңѪЩ⣬Ǻõģ
ٰʮΪǺˮҪҪ١˵ûУж㡣䵽ҵùҪɱҪı㣬ʿɱ衱Ҷ裬Ҷô۸˵ģܵĲƽȴӲ˵
СӣͦӲô㲻Ҳ֪ԼѪİɣղŶأܷŰٰʮţųƤǾˡаЦ˶ԴҶǰ˴գһצӾҪҶʵϻȥ
ͻԭҶԺݷĴڣҶʵüԻһһ磬ɢŵĽϼϼôϡһܴɢҶʻûϸǰ廮һ⣬Խʱռƣ˶ͷüУüϡ
໡ǰһ̻ţʷĲҺҵķ
ҶʱβƫеĳһǣҪǹǹӲҪ幻ǿҶʹƾͽˡʹҶҲĿڱѪðǡ
ҶҡҡεԴ˦ԼҰ
ðһƵľüĻ۶ȥôһСʵѾСһȦüĴǲ֪壬˴ľɢŵĽϼʱȴΪеΨһ
һСʱǲ֪üĲһСʱʵþҲͱȡһСʱʴķһ岻סĲѾˣⲻ֪ʲôȽѹѲԭɽֵ壬Ӥֱ۴ϸ۶ˣɫͭ⡣
ҶΪʻᱻֱɣΪһʱ򡣽ϼһգҶʵʧˡ
ڿ־Ӱ±ĥһСʱҶʾЦһСʱţ죬㲻һҵѪҶʵЦˣҲЦˣŴҲûˡ
ʧˣҲֹͣ˲Ȼھ붶¶ûˡ
ɪ㲻Ǻţôţҿ¡ӴҪҪҵѪҺ°ҶһѾ˱ɵԳүĳһ˵ŷβֻǵĶ£ĳһͨ½ǡ
ӴСӣٸҶһҸ㼱ȻңǶүĲǶĲޱȣҶʴĶ˼ºܲˡһһ裬նҪѵô御ܲϻһ㶼
ˣʲôĲһװɡСүҲһףҲԳһӡɫ࣬õһ϶ûСһֻצӵƵãɴԺצˡ£ô˻ʹˮŶˮⲻҶʵķҶʿ԰Сظĵı֤侮ʯͲԼķԷ㣬˯ʧߵġ
СӣҵϷҡ㿴ڵӣŸǣצȫҶצұߵľԪңҸһƽĻᣬ㽫ǧһӵкΰǰˡ˵ҶҪԼצʼˡоܵĪ裬Ҷʹ黹ԪҪս
ɵɵ黹㾫ԪҴĹƤӲˡҿԺ˴ʱֱӰȥˣ֤ˣ˱ˡҶʺļš
УצȻ˵צոȥ˵Ҿ˵ʲô䣬ôѲҶ˵žеʶ˵ϣ˫ȭȥĽ죬ڴ
ʲϵĲҺҶҲ޷ʵԵ˺Ȼ˾Ԫϵ廹쳣ĽʵһҶʴ죬ĲҺ⣬ûʲôЧ
СӣȻԴң˭ܣϵΨҶʡѾԪȻҸÿʱҶʴĽ죬ҲӲһֱҶʹ黹Ԫ
Ӳʣһצɣ˵Ҳ֪Ԫȥˣ֪Ҳỹ㣬Ϊɵ˵ĿôŪȻҲҪÿҶʱȵԼӶǳȥǿЦƧϼһ￴˶ЦԼôӦú⿴Լɡ


22 ҵù
ԼĶҵľԪô֪ܲС㲻ҪƱˡ㻹ңǾһսʰһ٣Ͳ֪ôдʻڽֱѹȡ
Ӵצ㻹ҽаô˵治֪֪Ҳܻ㡣ӴӴҸ㻹ҧҰҶԵãɵġ
ŤͷһҧҶʵϣҶʺ޷ӳʲ˼ŴѪ
ҧ㻹ҧצİҶһϷʵöʣҪû⾫Ԫ֮ǰҶʻ±ҧ֣ʱһøһƵãҪҶʲʹ
Сӣʿɱ衣̣̣ҪɱҪиʹ족ʺƵ˵ʵ϶ҶʲôȲ˵ҶĿǰΪ˵ȫʹԼ塣ϱǹǣҲֻԼŪ
˵Ҹ˵ƢǺܱġҪǷԼ¡˵ҶʾͰˤڵϣݺݵĴһ١ȻԷҲƨ¶ûУǽ
˵˵ǾԪҡҲһ
顣
˵Ҳ˵ǻҾԪ
顣
˵Ҳ˵

ļҶʾͺʺˣһΣ˵ʹһΡһΣһΡ˾ͳԵ֮ǰժҩ˾ʣȵ˯һ˾ͱʣȻʩ
ʱƷˣʲôʱִܵǰصģֻĥ˵ġϵûܵʲô˺ҪǾϵĴҪˡǾϵĴ裬ҶʻһһצĽţѹʵһݡ
ӢۣúͰҵһƨ˰ɡʿɥʹ࣬ȥǷɡ
ܡצʹҰɣôĿŪҲö԰ɡҶѭѭյ
˵Ҳ˵˳ھ˵˳仰⼸в֪ظ˼ˣһſھ˵˳
Ŷ˵˵ˡҵù˰ɡʱˣҶ־ȭͷϽġ
ޡҧ⣬һڴѪ˿ĿˮҶȥ
ҶʶʸһЩ˹ϡ
צ˰ɣʰĻɽǣСү㡱ҶʴŭΪЭˣû뵽һͷһĿˮ
ҶϢŭϢŭأҶôܻˣǲϵô㿴ϵĹǡȻ˵ĵĻһЦôôǹġ
ʱϵĹǽӴʵѪǿҵĹâҶ̲סֵһ¡ǿҵĹâֹڰϵĻƶ˹ڣȻҲûκεĶˡ
צİ취ƨãǲô㻹ҺҡҶʾȭҡ
ԼûȻˡʷ˷ۣһӵĶҶʡ
ⲻǺ㿪ЦôûĬϸҶʱʶ죬ıš
˫˹ڣӲӴĿ˳Źϣ˫һҶʾʹǸĹд˳ҶǹǻСһָ׸ǴС
Ҷʿ棬ʰСĹǡþȫŹǣ˿ûбҶʵĴ𻵡һ˿ԪѸٵı󣬱ú͸ղҶһСɢȥԪֱָ׸ǴС
Сӣһûӡ㲻죬ҶöʲôصġʿҶһֱ˵飬ޱȵıӣͺҶʵΪ˶Ƶá
ȷʵû档˲֪Ĺǣһǵһμ֮ǰҪ˵û˵צҪ˵˵Ҷ˹ǣӴҳһ͵ҩٰѹһǰ
֪ƨҪǴ˱һ͵Ϯһᱻô꣬ȻССȻסңҲܣǰǹǾʱϵġһͱǿˣҲ֪˶ˣǺͨı֪ƾƸסңǿԼĿǣΪۡ˵﷭һۣڱеˡ
ЩԼľѪ̻һǿƣȻˡЩһֱڻĳȡҵľԪԭƬռֻ̨ģΧһжұľԪݻɵġǸʲôϵȫϵľԪţԪӦúŨ˰ɡʱ˫䣬ûһ˿Ĳ
ȷʵŨҶʲ֪˳ڴ뵽ǾŨܰѹԪǴǰצڳȡһ֣һ£ҪֱɱԼԼûС
СӣҡƳҶһۣҶûгĵȴġ


23 ɺԵ
ҺģҲûаһʼûҪɱңǹϿ̵ǸӦϢʵĽơֻҪҾԪȡһ̶ȣûǽʵǾͻӡʼš
ΪʲôϣѲҶɻˣרΪצ׼ĶôԼȡ
ҵıˡԪ˲䣬ֱעһ˿ҵԪȻջԼȫԪƾܳʱպðҵ˿Ԫע˹ڡʱҵľ練޷󣬹ǲϲŹ֡뵽ҶʱŹǵӣ¶һ˿Ц
ûˡʲôҲ֪Ŀ˵Ҷ־ʵͷϴһ¡
ûˣ㻹ҪʲôʵҪ˵Ǿͻ㣬һҵù䵽ϡһǣвʱװˡʻû˵ͷϾֱҶһǣ޹Ҫж
ҵ˼ǣΣգ԰Ūϡܴǵ˲ûУڻʿҶʻҪʩϽ͵
ôûܴơҶϲġԼȥҶС椵鷳Լڲ֮ˣȻôֻۣҪԼӮˣܿܣ˭ġţһпˮ˳ǻ˵ϣһӨ˿ߡ
Ҷʵķӳһ񺮣Ժ󶼴˰ɡ˲ûм³ϧõĳԼ˸Ļǵһμ
ˡô뿪طҶʲɾǵĿˮͻȻһޱҪ⣬ô뿪Ŀռ䣬צ˾ԪʱͱʵʺĵطˡټӲãȥҲǰ״
м䣬շӡҵǵطָһѪˡҶʵĻʵһۣôҪӦʵĺòáĩãʵĶǺôȺô˽˲ĿǰҪʵڵ⡣
ֻҪѪУҶȷϵضʡ
СӣʲôҲȥûҪƭ㡱ȷʵϽȥȥǹеԪӦָܻʵʰҶûģԲûƭҶʲô
СӣЦôգ˺˺󡣰ɱĲҺҶһץסʣſھҧʵһֻצϣҪѪֱ
ޡҶſ³һѪƫУͼ밼ݴ
ֻҪѪУµҪⲻͦǿģұôöסҪͿסˡ߶ҶЦĿʣЦʺһצҶǷϡ
Ѫ͸Уͼһ⻪̨Ϸһ󵭵Ĳͼһš
Ҷʻϸ۲죬һ̾ʹܽ˴СҶһ㶣ҲϽų˽ȥҶʧ󣬴ŻɢâʧСҲѸٱ߽⣬ճݣƬصĿռʹ˴ʧˡ
ҶҡҡεԴһڻĸɵƵĴţȥʱͷһΣʱͷҪһΣҶʱԹûĴſ̻ɧ
ڴǸطˡСӣʱȻԱʡţҪÿҽôѹ㡱ʹЦõ˼㣬һɨ֮ǰĲ졣
ʱ۾ڵԪԺɰٴ֮ʻ۶ȥѧԱͬʱ۾ޱȺȻ֪ʲô¡
Ե̫ѰˡսȥʱǺúõģһҶѸҵʺĵطŴһ¿ʼʱʱľͻ΢Ļζζճֵʱ򣬻˴ҵһ󾯾ȻڻζǱûʲôֵ·ҲͶϰĻζûйɵĻζ˴ŰµʱͻȻʧˣôһϰˡû죬еԪ궯ˣޱȺ˵ٶʧǴûй飬ԴǷÿοʱԪ͸ӯԪϡ
ʲôҶʿҲϾȥ˼ǰҶʽ֮ǰצôô죬ǸͶ̥Ƶó˳Ҷ֪ˣ޵ĳ嶯֪ôöԸģԭ¿ǽȥˡ
֮ǰʾ˵ŨԪҲһ֣ǱؿռͼȡľԪһ֡ʱܵֱˮȡеԪԪѹȵԼܣҪǱʶ˻ȥҶƨҲ֪ʲô
뵽֮ǰؿռжצرչˡҶʵˣָһʵ֮Լҿ϶ʱģȰԼĥһƤŹ֡
Ԫ۵ٶԽ죬γһԪ籩ҶʱԶԶƿˣѹϡԪ籩ҵתҶʾһƬƲһ衣籩ǸյشʾźԪ


24 Ϯ
ʻڷ籩о̺ţҶʻڷ衣˷ܵôЦֹҶΨ۽ǻǧС
Ҹ뿪̫죬̫æ˰ɣûãʹõ˵һкܶԸûʵְԺûа취ʵˡҶ飬СƨƨǷ˵ԣһû򰡡ϣǷԭˣһûϴء
ҶֿʼΪԼٸԼһλᣬһȥؿռ䣬Ǹɡ
ڷҶʣűһ¡ԭǷ籩еһ˿˵ǰĹǣҶʵԴ
Ҷʿǣȼһ˿ϣרΪѹ׼ģӦöЧɡ
ôһĹѾСţϸˣǺ嫵Ԫ籩ûɢԽԽŨơҶʲҵ飬һѳؿڵĵ׹
飬飬̫˻ʿ顣䣬ڿƸȥҶ˫ֺʮѹǼ룬߰Ȼþȫѹ籩еȥ
ڿлһߣ˾еʡ˵ʵЩˣʱţôҶʶȥĹǾȻʵצӼ⣬ƫһȫҿˣҶЩա
˵Ҳ֣ƽʱֻҪԪǾһ׹˼Ӳ쳣֮ûʲôرġǴʱһӴʣԭĻٴθ˹Ǳ棬һ⻪ʱ䣬ٴϡ
ԭҺʣһֱͻȻס˲ӵѼӣһžͨ죬ɫǳʺһѿ
ǱӿȥԪҲɵһͣƬ֮ͣԸӿ񱩵̬Źǳȥ߲ܣɰٴͬʱڲסĳȡڸոȡȥԪȫЩԪԭڵģֻҪȫջķЩʱȫʱָܻһЩʵʰҶʾǷַӵ飬һ˿ġ
뷨Ǻõģû뵽Ҷϴŵ˿һ硣
ʻûļǳȡٶǾ˵ġСţСʣۿɼٶڷɿСתۼֻӤֱ۰ϸϻһʣһʾͱ˳
ʱңҸٵ̫죬ȥ̫졣ûļҸĹʵͱĴô˵
Ԫ籩ʧˣǻǳȡʣԪҶҲͷĿѣڷУƮƮĽ˵ϡ
ʣүǰɪɪҽ۸½δĻ䣬Ӧ˰ɡҪҺÿҪѹҡɣ֣ȻٴսٻغϡҶʸۣ̫ˡСĸζͨͨڼ£ԼҪƨˡ
ҶʻޱȵĿģСЦĸȻƵá֮ǰҶʺʶ뵽һ仰Ҹٵ̫졣Ҷʾ仰û취ڵ飬Ӧüһ䣺Ҹٵ̫졢̫ͻȻֱͷԡ
ԣҳ׵ˡ˵ѹˣĸţ붼ˡˡ
Ӵιүô˵һʼװͶź׼ѹҵšҶһı飬˵Ļˡ
𣬱𰡡ʲôүģŻ˵ġôƺүأȻӲҪүƺġҶʵûţֺֻҶʡ
ûˣ֮ǰѾŹһεˡצɱƭҰȻߺߣĲ㡱ҶʲôţŻʡ
ûˣҲˡ֮ǰԸôǸ˿ŪҵѪ֮󣬼סڵ״̬вСӺħһĥҼ죬ܵ𣬱Ƶûа취ŰϵĹŪʱŷȥȾҽԪȻʰ㣬ٰǸĹǷӡ桱ʿҶɫƣڨڨһͷ첻˵ħ
û뵽һ˹ȡԪʱ򣬰ѹǶ㣬̰ɡҶʰһգʱҲƹˤ뵽רΪ˷ӡ׼ģҽ˹ǡ
ǰҾˣһЩСĴǻ۱ֱ̫Цˡһ֪ڰ⣬ҲͷˡӦ˵ܲܰҵƨˣ㿴Ҳʲôˣǰɡġ
ӴٸҹԻôңôıԼԭΪҷ㰡צ̴ĲȷʵҸӶײײҶһСɧԵá
ô˵ͬˣԵллޱȵıӣҸˣҸǽҵʹ֮ϵġһҲûֳȻôĳƺšҶ˵ˣʰϲ뿪ħˣһָЩʵʰ㣬С̡


25 Ҹͨ
Űצ¶ҶʵɵĶʡ
ʲô£һ֪޲޲ҲظŰƱ
ǸǸĿѾܴ˵İɣһ֪ܶ顱Ҷѯš
ǣʱ䶼ܹüʿĸˣ˵ҵľǶǲɣˮôķϣҲ˼۸Ұɣһ·Ұɡ涣Ŀɣ
ܰצҿ״̬ڲ࣬ôءҶʲţ˵ɻ
ӴӢۣⶼˡ˵Ҿˣ̬ˡʸϽĿڵ
ŶáԺ͸Ұɣ͵ҵ˽˹ʡԼйסʣҲ
ɶ㵣°Ͷˡ
㿴㹻ĴԼ˵㾭ĶࡣĶ࣬Ǽʶ϶͹ˣǾǼˡСأé®ʲô̫Ҫһרҵ֪ʶӲ˲Ű㣬ֱǶõľ˰ҶЦ˵ʱĻ
СӣŶӢۡʵûʲô棬һܼʲôءҴ󲿷ʱ䶼Ǹʺĵطˣ桱ͷҡ˹ƵãЦʲô˽˹ʡǲϵôʱ޿̶ҪԶҶʣ䰮˵
ˣצװˡǴӦأáӦҲûϵйǣҪˡҶͻţһס
ҴӦôʳûƢԴԼߣ£òͷ
ڹǵľ̺֮£ԪʼϡһСʱԪգԪﵽͬȵŨ̶ȡϵĻ˻ȥǱðСָ׸ǴСɻҶС
ûԺֻҪǺҶŸɣĺģԣȡҶʵģеĹǡ
ʸɴͷŤһߣ۲Ĳ
ˣǳȥˡԪˣҲûˡҶ°ѹǴù˲ϣʵԴкһȥ
ԪǳȡɾеԪŨ쳣ϡĽƶˣʧȥתĴԪˡҶת²ĲѸϳȥں治ĸţҶʵĲ档
˵ʮʱҶʷٶȣʶϢɢӽҶĵʮˣӦΪԼԭ򣬶ŪôԪҲϡˣ˵ҶҲˡ
һǺ棬̽飬˵ͻᷢԼʱͲýˣҶʲòҶʻԼܱ˷֣Ū˾֪
ҶƵãһС̽飬һߣȻ֣ҲûгҶʸƨ£ֻսϵˡȵˣȶİʰҶʵʱǺ뿪ĵġںǵǿװֲ
ܷٶȣҲܿ͵˵ʮĿռ䣬һ·ϲûʲôӰԪѹͣСĵɨһܣҲûˣҶһǷʧȥ˴ȥļֱֵ뿪ˣû̽顣
ȻҶҲûʲôµˣҡڵȥ˼㣬߾ʹϤ
˵ô£Ҵʱû˵顱һģŮԻ
ô֪Ҳǵһνǰ˴Ҳûдⷽ¡Ҫ˵Ҷֿ֪
˹ˡôû˵ֹ⣬ôһˡ𶯣𶯹˸ӵĸɴ࣬ԪֱûˡⶼûôúܹŮޱȵıԹԹƵá
Ǿǣ˵úõⶼ۷ˣָͻơʱսͽĵˣ˵ܴ
ˣ˵ͽȥˣոնҶӶȥˡͽôûʲôɡ˵Ư˵ͽôµأֹԽԽ
ҶȻöԲסǣҪԼŪĶ̫˵ػͻƣٶҲ˵ˡԼðôķգȥŸոͻĽףͷⰲȵͿͻĽˣ˱˰
Ǿ仰Ҷӵĺߣһ˿ǸҲʧӰ١ʱˣҶ飬ҲˣԹԼôµȥ͵Ҷ·Ҫ˵Լû͵͵ôԼҲƨƨߵ·ô
ֹģ˵ʲôأʱʱҵı˵ҵĻҶͻȻܵǰ
ŵСɷףһĴڽصĻǳëؿڣ˫ֽ§Ųӣצһصϡ


26 Ǳô
һô˧ôӢ˼˰ĹôҶˣŮˣҲŮһС
ͽ磬Ҷʡصɴ۾˵
һ˭ٰģδҶʡʲô飬ܳԾƵáҶʱķӳͷԣԼôôһĺܳԾƵá
ôˣǱ˴ôЩǿҲ̫˰ɣܰҶ˵һĳƨȷҶʵݡһȼҪԾı飬ͽӵ·˭ôһڰͽ֣񻹺ܳɹӡ
زЩͽʱʱˣӣӵ·ҲǱƭ˰ɡ
ҿҶʿֵı飬ֵĻĴԼҪһһ·ˣؿռӲժҩҶӣΧһȦڸסҪλϻɵĹһѾˣϵҶãԭʲôɫʵˡ¶ŵƤմ˻ҳȫ¶һɫҲﶪġ˵ʱʱգ飬ʱʱ¶ĽγǿҵĶԱȡ
˵Ҷվֻõһ˫תһڽ׵ڲϵĿϡ
˵Ҿͳ˵ˣȻˡҶʺƵû˵
غܺۼ̫ԵĽڲš
ȸ·ٸǡȻˣվǰǾΪ顣ˣһ룬
ҵİɣǵĲࡱӴжҶһ·ҶʴúȲʵϸ˵˵զ
ʱһʱҲ˵Ҫ¿ô˵ͷҶʼҾ㣬Ȼʵܲˣ˸ŵȥˡ
Ҳˣ֪ô£ʱʱĻζʱҾ͵صĽҪͷܵ˲СĲҺòȶҲˣҲ˷ѻͼءԪ֪ôͻȻˣ»ۣȻҾͳˣԪը·ըˣ屻׷ɳȥһĳҶڵĺҲ֪ʲô
سɹûУҶģҼǵûֲﰡʵȻôúƵġ
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㻹ǺҺض۷壬ǸֲĽ
ˣ˵ǲǺˣֲðΪҶȥ˲ͻƵġȻǸܣҶʲǵģʱǲǡ
ףʲôŪ
Ҷ￩һ£⣬ôצˡ
ȫҶһġʲôûô˧Ȼڲſҡһıӡ
Ȼʲô˾ʲôĳͽѣĳҲͬķŵԳļһʵʵĸҶʵؾȻȻİҶʵĳˡ
ƵĻأմࡣиԵϵͽˡһЦ־ʵͷĨȥ
˵ˣһȫҲүʡһβֳȥյĲ
Ȼͽֲͽ֣ߴŵ޷඼ô
һʲô⣬еԺ˲ըˣҲ֪ʲôطģûʲôΣվʹߡһǴԲѵԳʵģűŤ㿴һʸеӡûƣûϣҾ͸˸ǳʺǳе֡צôɣʱʱҶܻ𳵣ɴƭĺˣ˳ھ͸һ
צ˶ҶʸĴŲɣͽǻߵͻᷢ㲻Ѱ¡ⲻܼһȻ˵Сһ㣬һ㣬óһ㡣ҲǺܡ硱
ѸٰΪͽڲͬƷζҲôĶء
һҧгݣ߱Ҷţݲͷһһ³ʵǿɱ̾


27 ս
ҶӲҪצҧ˲ɿڡˣ˭ԼڶԷϣԵġԸλҪѧװҪԼ׵ı¶ˡ
ȻˣҲڱôҲܣʱܡ
ȻͽѾƽĳˣôҲȥ˰ɡ߰ɣצø籧ļЦȥץʣҪúõоо
צð浱˵˰һҧֱϣֱ˼Ѫۡ
ҿצİֱȻûгѪǻۣȥʣֱֶ˼Ѫӡӡ
̡̣ŭˣһȭͷϴȥ
һЦԷǵսʹ˿ʼʲϵ˺ҧֱۣ˫ȣ˳ڣ־ҧٶ죬ޱȵĻȻʼȭû֣Ȼˣȴ쳣ʵӲȭҵʹ
ȭûдﵽԤϵЧһ˫ȭеۡҲѧʣҧȥ
ҿСӣİôҲѧҧˡʳʹβͱ޵Ľҧסˡ˼£ûѵӦΪԼŤ˸ʹࡣתŤͷҧס绨С
ӵĻҲʺݺݵҧļϡȻȻ뷴ҧȥʵĲҧȥ¿ڵʱϵ˶ԷҲצӣָͷıǿ棬ĳ°ͣҧ
ʵצӣ޹һץסצſںݺݵҧצϡһֻҲѧģֳָͷʱǿףš
˫ʹͬʱɿڣƿ˶ԷѸٳײһ˺ҧŤš
һԵҶ˿Ŀɿڴ˵ȫʿڴܣоƤƴ
˺ˣͣ㣬ǻҪųȥءҶʿһһҪ𣬸Ͻսķֿˡ
Сӣ֪ʵ˰ɡ͵ǸϿˣѧǿߡʶЦ
ʱ˫ںڣŤʱʳûۿȦһֱè촽߸𣬾㳦·õĲӣһһϡͷҲɢˣȻһҵС
ʿԼĽԵãһţӡ治֪Ϊô飬ʲôֵúõġ
УʲôõġСүҲ֪ˣСүҲǺǵġ˵
ʵҲҲ̶ãǰݺݵ˼£ȻûϣƤ֮ⲻ˵ģһһġҧֻצӻڲͣ˦Ȼһڲܡǿ׸߸ߵ˶ʦ֣ĺ顣ʹ֮£ʱǿеֱֻ˲С
Ҷһһһ˵һ߲סʱӲӲҪָߵͳ
Сӣ㻹ɪͷûгԹٻغϣ֪ôдġʽЦĦȭƵ׼ٴսٻغϡ
צΪ㰡Ҳ˻ߣӾ׼ϡ
ˣû갡ָͣ㣬ǳȥˡҶһ˸һһһץкһĴͿȥ
һ˸Ҷһ˳⡣
ǰֵһüһ㶣ԭڴ۵С۵һһҲֿĿ⡣
ʱѹѹȫӰ֮ǰ쳣ˣУڵĸ߲ҲˡѧԺԴӽ֪ˣԺüˡ˵ѧԺǿƵĸȻ˵ѧԺ˲żüãûǰôɻȱԣԪ鶯ƲЩѧԺеѧ˵Ǻ˵ġ
ԺƧΪѧԺ߲㶼еǰʱҲǳһʶӦ֮УںԪʮֿµٶʧǵľƽ޹ʵʧѾѧԺı־ˣȻൽ־磬ѾûκεˣѧǲġȴԪʧͷԡ
˶ûдƽͿڿʼİܲƿʼֹͣתɵģԭһ˿ϣĺƧʧˡеѾ˥ߵ޷Ӧתôԭһ̽ĺƧҲͷĸûˣ̽ʲô
ʱƾͿʼ˸ͣеѧĽˡȻһʧ¶ôߣûмˣҲûʲôΣգƧǷ
û˾ûˣЩչΪﵽһ̶֮ȫûʲôáԪЩ⣬˵һǴˣѵĹԪܽȥôܽȥԪȻ˵ǻһЩǶԺƧЩ˵û壬ǶշԲһԪȫûǸҪܽȥοһͿ£ʱ仹̶


28 Ƨܷ
ѧһһĳƧɻȴˡѧԺѧ࣬Ƕ˽ǱˣԺƧܼסÿһ˵Ϣ
ʱѧԺ󲿷ѧˣм綼˵Ļûг֡ҶһҶͬ׵ĻҲ㡣ղõҶʺؼϳĹҲӦһˡʵߣǱǿʲôӦǺ׾ͳġ
ѵ춯ĪΣգܣεĶ⼸ŪġƧɻˣٵһᣬǻûг֣Լͽȥҿ
ںƧҪʯʱһĸӰҶͷǰ档ƧСһãӦûʲôΣգҶʵ˻ûг
뵽ѰӣƧðһͷ亹ҪԼ⣬ǻ̵ļһﻹԼƤ
ѯʣҶֻˣ˻ѯʹҶʡϢƧֽˣСǻһȥ޸ҲҪ˵ġƧӦϻտҶһʱʱʱˡ
ںƧʵǵȲˣҪȥʱҶڳˡŶʲôһҲﶪġ
֪Һ˧֪˼˰ҲûҪŪôжӻӭǰɡҶʿɽ˺ҲЩԾѵô̶ΪԼġȻԼŪģҲ飬ЦſЦ
˧˧ƨӭ㣬ȻˣڷǳĿжӻӭ㡱ƧŭˣСӣ֪ԼŶҲԣճӦò֪ǹأ鲻õʱ򣬿Լ鷳ˣӵķġƧʱҶʼΣҪ鷳һαһεĴȻλ֪ʱʱҶģǹأȷʵÿ鷳ȷʵһαһδ
ƧһʱƢ̫ãҪйȥԼĵ˾ƧҪй
Сӣ˵ôôĵùء˵ǲҲŪġƧһҶʣ˫ҶʵͷšԽԽģеķҲɢ˲١
Ȼǣôôأ˵ǰɡȻҲΪҺģ㻹̫߹˰ɣȻҲŪġҶʺ˵ƧıΡ
ҶˣСӻƧҲôҶʸɳģֻ˸йĽʡջһôôĻĥʱ䣬ҶˣСӻ档
ƧԭѧԺнڵѧˣѧԺʦȼӹһ£ٽȥ̽ҶǼһֱ棬ƧҲͲıʶ˽⣬һŪʲôˣѽǱҲӦ
˭Ըˣⲻʱ˵ôΪźŪƵãŵķҵģû취úõôԪҶֱ׳ıԹһҲûΪЩŪĶ顣
棬ųƧһ֪˱ˣһʱţԼϹġ
˵˱ô˹ؼʱڳأȻ͡ҶʰѺ˵˵Ƨһ飬˳ʵġҲһ飬úƧʡ
ƧҶԷ˵ĻЩţ㶼ܼһ㵱ǲгðײ˰ضǣһץһѵġҶô˵Ҳû취ܱܲƱ˵ɣȲ˵Сӻޱȣ˵ԼҲֻǻɲûʲô֤ݡ
ƧҶʿֳ򾲾Ưߵʣٴˡû˵ıʲôҲͷһ̽Ĵ㣬ʵôԪӦòʲô鷳
Ŷˣ˵ĽˣϻôĿ㡱ƧһץסҶʵһ˿Ԫ̽顣
ȷʵĽɣúƧ𾪵һʡʵ̫ǿˣֱ˶ʼɵĵزˡЩ츳ʣһ;ʱ򣬻᲻ϵʾ壬մﵽࡣЩ˵ѪҺҲڳˣǳ˵ʺɫģǻֳԶصĹ
Ҷǿͣԣ㣬ΪصڵĽɫѪҺϡٵĴƬľʣδע˲ֲϻƶôġдһˣֻҪɳɱҳòࡣ
ţˣԺעЩСƽʱͦİԺʲôԼסҪˡΪȾ͸ƧܹҶʵԺƧȻԾǶûб¶һƽ˵
ˣûˣҺʦҪӹ£Ƕɢ˰ɡƧΧ˻˻֡
ҶʰҲ̫˰ɣǵ㲨Ͱˡһ˵Ķ


29 鷳
ԭƧĻ׼ɢȥѧֶԭأһڴõŽҪ飬֪˿ĵҪˡ
Ƨŭ黹ûнҪǳЩ鷳ˡҶʵҲѽܹһЩԣĹĨǵСӻᷢŭġ
˵ɢҹȥҶʳƧˣʱͳϡ
ԺǾ¶ѣȷʵԼ˵Ԫ籩˹ȥ֮ǰһֺԺʲôԭڵλŰôѧ棬ûιȥԼιȥˡִӰŮ´Ҷˣڹơ
Ǻƨ¡ηηβļһ鷳ֱ˵ˡ֮ǰҲļһ˴£֪ϢءҶʵĳԷ̵ĿֱҶڵĵط
ȺһȣѵӣȺлȻˡϸϸһҲԣ֮ǰ˲ŷìܣԺӵ׷Ŵ򣬴ʱҶҲ˵Ĺȥ
ҶȴüͷȻҪʰҶһٲ١Ҳͬϲˣв죬ұ鷳ʱմȶһ¾磬׼һ¡ҶִΪǲԼʱٹƽһս
촽΢׼ԣһһǴҲ̫ʵ˰ɡ˵սѧԺԵ;ӭսһҶ飬ܲܡ˵ǾţٸһʱսѧԺһıãҲĽ׵ʿҾһ£ŵʲôزһӰſˣվҶʵ档
˺ºڷǷʣԴĸоü䰵һ
ۣҶӵ⼸˺ӼһϲûѹҶ٣ǱǷǸš벻ȻҶʵ鷳
Ӽһǿţ֮ʣϾ͸߳ҵһסҲѧԱﵽĽ׵ģǸˣǺӵ˸޷ȡǱһȽ׵ģڲ֮ء
ǰǰôһѧѧԺ鷳ѵҶʵĲҪһ̽
߳ӰȺһѧԺ֮еķܶѧԱΪĿġʱȻҶʡ㲻һĶҶʵĿ϶óȺһɧѵѧԺ˸δһ
Ȼ㡱Ҷһüͷʼһ͸о˺ǿĵ⡣ҶȺҶһֱ˵ȻΪǰʲôˣû뵽߳һȫʶˡ
ûңҶʵĸС˵֪ģҲǽʲô˰ɡٴҽ£ҽʱ˴ˣ֪˽ʲô֡΢ЦޱȵС
Ϥ˶֪жǱϵĶһ˵ʱĺǲʲôġ
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ΪҶСֵ˼ʮˣųճ㼸꣬СֵܲռˡȷʵαҾÿοװƵʱ¡һӰſȺǰСֵزʶңҽ£ҽսͦ㣬㾡ģ粻ûʲôö˵ģԺ˱ˡ
ս˵űվҶǰס
սĿ࣬еһƴҲӦΪһЩĶһЩԵʣһԵñȽϳ졣ȻߣϲԿӽΪЩսΪ˺ˬһ¾Ӯ˵ĺøУҶҲսΪ˲
սΪֱѧԺкȫˡ˻࿴˳ۣƽʱǳ£ÿֻҪֵ̫֣ѧԺҲһֻ۱һֻ۵ġֻҪû£ѧԺͲܣ˻໥̼
˵ʵ࣬Ȼ˺ܶغϣһʼĴֱѧԺ˼⡣ûôˣϻϵĽҪռ
ʱ˸ڣҶʣҪѵҶһ١սͺˮݵģټҶʸѧУɵ´ʱۼҶʣҶͦθڵġӦʹ˳Ҷʽ¸ԵֶΪأʴսҪҶʾ͵һʱվ˳


30 ǳ̽
սʲô˼ҵĶԹԺ㣬ңû㡱սվ˳ԼԭͶҶĪķּһ£Ҷ˵ôô˳ۡ
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սÿûմ㣬ҽѵСӺеʱ䡣ôҶʱ㡣üͷҪսĵһܿɶǴ˵ġз꣬սĺҲࡣ
Ҳֱ˵ˣֻСֵܣҿͶԵһͱˣҪ붯ȴһ˵ҲЩûнˣֻЩˡսҲٺȦӣֱ˵İѻˡ
㡭Ϊ˴սѾѹ̬û뵽սĵҪںԼȥдŭҪֱӰսѹˣȻԶսʵĻˡ
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ʱǲ뵽ˣµĵ˻һߡҶʵɫƽûʲô³ԾЩԾԾԵӡ
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ģսЩţǰû˵ҶʸͺҶֵĲɿҶˣʱ׵ʵţҲ̶̵ʱڣĽװɡ
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ҶʾȻԼս˵˵һߣаϲСӶԴ⣬˰ˣȰһߡ
ȸ㣬ĽʿѧԺ˾֪顣һ£Ҫˣ˵үҾͷ뿪˵Ͱ˶㣬ͨ巢⡣
ޱȲҪԾѹˡ󷽵˵뿪뿪Ĵ۹û˻ܰɡ
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ǣǡҪǱңҲҪƴһսġͽ֣ͣǿӴҲ첻µزµһò˳Ҷ
֪ҶҲĽףھϲԿ֮ǰҶһ׵ʱҶںͬף򲻹ҲԿ˶һԻϽͣһ㶼ûеĵ˼
ҶһߣҲתͨųǿҵĽ⣬ֱҶԪҲ˦е뷨侲
ҶʿһĻ֮ģʼԴȻܱͬǿ߶й֮ΪգԵʱѸ侲ǿ˺ܶˡ
侲ʱ˶㡣һƬǺӴ档ǺвʱһƬƬǻԣеӵĲ·ΧһƬڣֻеǻԣⶼ͸ʹҶʵʵԼҲóȫ
ǳ壬Ȼǳ塣ֲôš
ǰû뵽ܼʡ
һʺųǻ޵С
Ⱥַһɧ쾹Ȼһ޵еʡҿʼΪҶʵͬ˵ıܡ˵ҶʱԺôûôգѧԺһʱŹŵѧԱ뵽
ƧΪ׵ѧԺʦҶ鼸˶ƽǶǵһ򽻵ˣȻ֪ܶ顣츳Զˣǻﲻŵĵز츳ǿҲкܶˡƾ޵еʣѹ˴󲿷ˣо
ҶҲǳһΧ֪ʵĲ˴ɵľ磬ǳΪӣܵǳǧ֮⡣ЩǴţܳ˴ɵǳ⣬û֪
ؿʼΪҶʵˣҶǰǲġռжپž޵˽ܣǶ޵ϣ󶼱ǳɱˡֻһδ˵ӵĳгǳĲ
ȴڴʱƳƳ죬ǳ壬ǳôֻҪ޵־Ҳܴ壬޵ϡңԼûиӦĻҶСӦøӵľˡ


31 ǿޱ
ŶǺеҶɫԷбһʼǿ̬ԼһɱԼԼӰԼĵġ
ԼʺͳһԼĽףʲôԵСƬǺӾ˲֮ˣúݵĻ
ҶʵҲǿеһδѹ֮ǰԵУٵĶҶԼǳģټϱҲҪѵûԼػġҶʵȻҲͬˣûûôԡ
ڽϵĽҶͻȻɫһ䣬Χ쳣Ĳʲôֳˡ
ʱܵǳϢǣҶΧֳһõ硣õôİһһʱᱻ紵ɢ翴ôãͬʱԵôʵľҶΧ֣޳ҶΧԾͷǳһƬƬԣԶϥĤݡ
ʱҶʾ½죬ڽĤݡƬõеҶʸߴ䣬Ӣ²
ǶˣǴ۽硣ѧԺڹϵǿִ⣬鷳սҶʡ˳ԾǣҶʾȻӦսˡ¶ѵһǳ壬Ҷʵʱֳ˲ǳĵ̣ӦҲһѵʡһţҪȱһ»Ҫˡ˫ӦƾУǶڵţһһľս
ԾҪһҶʣͲסĳ쳣ӳԪڽбӿڡ֪ΪʲôҶһĪĵ⡣ҷģӳڻûôĪ·ԣҶʣҪһ˵ʲôصĵطҪ¸ӰҲΪƳԼĪķ꣬һ˿Ŀ־壬ϲָоѡ˳֡
ҽһ٣ѧԱֻоµĵһǰӰһŵǻԵȭͷ͵Ҷʵǰ
ÿٶȡҶʰԵԼȻصĲٶȶﲻֵزֻоǰһһѾԼǰǻԵȭͷԼš
žҶʱܵȭͷץȥһɴҶʱɳȥԶΧ۵Ҳסĵˡ
һغϵĽҶʾͳһԷٶȾˣԼûзӳʱͳҶʴæȥΪ֮һۡ
ǿЩֵ֮ͬֻܴﵽ̶ȵĻǲġҶȻ˸ȴеˣƽ
ŶҪҲֻزĻᱻҴ򱬵ġҲϲˣػô˵ҲдԾղԼѾõһȭԼٶȾˣҶһֲԼղǴǻԵһȭǴͨϣֱӰѶԷֱ۴򱬡Ҷʴæ֮¾ȻסԼıɱһȭȻҶһƬףԼȭͷҲЩʹһȭһܡ
ҶתԪ֮ϣѸʧϣɫȭͷȥ
Ҷס޷ֻܲ˶ȥݱܷâҶôô׷ŹӰΡ޿ɱܣҲ׷˻ڵˣԭվƬǺӶҲһص¡ԪͬһֱȭҶʵȭͷɱȥ
䡱Ҳǻ䡣˵ȭͷһһѪȭͷ㴦䡣ȻǿӲ̶ȶԣҶʸʤһȭͷˡ
ȻʡһֱҶʣһʼҶתƿʯֳ̣Ľһ˿ɻҪǳѹҶʣǣ֮£ҶǱʾ͸ӿ϶Լ뷨һһĹƽԾҶֱӴǳ壬֤ʵԼĲ²⡣
ͬ뷨ĻһˣǾѧԺԺƧЩ²⣬ҶԶ˵ǿᣬʾѪ֮ѪҺ˽ɫЩʵǽЩѲô޷ҶǿֲǱܡҲǽ˻ᣬҶɽԭ֮һϣʱǱŵʵҶƬõ縡ֳʱƧѾ֤ʵˡ
ԿҶʵһغϾͳ˿ҲûκεĵģһԱſϷ̬һС̬չӣԼҲûԤϵİɡҲܹϾԼѵһǳˣôܻ뵽ԹžûгֹεһְԾصʡ


32 Ժֹ
ܳôô˵Ծе˶ûշȥʱѾɱ˰ȻоȻʼˣǿѹеݾ£˫۸ӵˣеҪӮⳡսеĲŽȥͬʱսҶʣԷһӰ
ҶҲɱۣ֮ǰϵĳԼҡҪԼ¿ͷˣսʱĺζó˿ɲɱСҶҲҪ˻һĺԼҶʻоʳѰ
Ծе˶ɱģԾӵĻˣɱвϡ
˫һֵӡǺӸӵˣǻԸӵ財˫һӣǺһǹ⡣ÿһǹⶼޱȵֱҶʣ·ܻ
Ҷɫһ䣬еֶ̫ų⣬̵ۣϵ̫ȥˡʱ̫õģ·紩Խһա
ܶյǻе̫ųĲⲻϵײԤеľ첢ûдǱѩһ㡣ǲʵȴ˫Ѫϣ
ҶΧŸոձԲ֪ʲôáǴʱɳԵУɼƬ졣һַɳеֵסǾһҶ˼ŤǺӳȥ
ŹͨǺӣֺ˵ܣҶʲ֪ôͨԼ硣Գ׼Լóķʽʰ
Ҷʴõ磬ֻɱǺСǺеһۣսԼԿǿͳ̶ȲԷƾԼǺӵ˽⣬ǺӼԿҶʡǶԷԼԤϵһ㣬粻ô˽⣬Ƭ̫ˣȻԵУɱҶʵ뷨Ҳˡ
ҶʳǺӣҲǺܽӴ߾ײһԡƬõ粻ϵĲǵĴҲƬ罻ڴղϵ飬ҵײһ硣
УǺӲϵĲǳʱ飬ǺӶʱĶҶʵСղʱ𣬲ľָ٣õҲžһֻء
ҶʺҲûͣţ߸ֱղϵĶ
Ҷ˫ֻһ˶Իʱ䣬֧֣ԵޱȵʵܹÿһƬϵĻơſһХһ޴ȥ
˫ֻǺзɳһǳײײһʧˣǳҲ飬˾޴Ԫ˳һƬΧ۵ˡ
⻹û꣬㳤ХһʮһŴ롣һյľ޴˴룬һѰʥһͷ˶Ľ˴룬աٶ죬ֻܿһƬɫĹӰ˫ֲ
ɫ䣬ǰδеءʩչطգҪÿռֵڵĽ
˵ע£һǰӲס˿ռͬʱ˫ñոӻҲ΢ͣ٣ԸѸݵٶȥѾࡣ
˸Žŵצץȥһ󲨶طգΪܵסĳʱʽʧδ֮ʣֻĿŴԼؿץ
ڴצؿڵ·ʱվǺľеԪʧ˿С
ڴڵĴϢţɫһƬɷסղԼôѾܵϢǴڶһ룬ԼѾץȥ˰ɡ
һ紵̲סһ󺮲ԭ·Ѿʪ͸ˣˮһÿ£ԼûжҶʵĿ־Ѿﵽ˶㣬ȥˣ̫ˡ
סֹ֣ûСƧϵƺ׼ƴʱֹˡ
˻ǳɱĵŶԷƧսǿƿǺõ磬ˡǰ֮ûֹˣҲ뿴ʵǿʱ˶ҪƴˣòֹȻ˵ʵ֪Ҫֳʲôӡ
ǷҪƴһҲԣڡºսѧԺһҪȥ򡣡Ƨϣɡ
սѧԺǸսѧԺȺʵ
ţǸѧԺزٵͬѧ֪ˣ˵ȫһƬ硣Ϊǵϵǲͬġ˵ʵһƬ⽣Ӱɱ˵ҲһˣҪºǴƧ֤ʵѧԱĲ²⡣
ۣ˵ʵǻѹԷŵս
ǰһǿ߲׼⡣һɱҪ˫һ콾
ǰ˫¶Էвų֡ǳɳѹȵļһԲÿһʱٰһһ˽ԷһҪüһľźɱԷ˽ܡ

Ƨ䣬۶˸ոһսȻһսҲľǱϾԼѧԺڲսܺϴѹһƬµǿȡ


33 սĻ
ҶʱռϷ磬ҪƵ򱬡ô˵ҲҪһ̵Ľѵ粻ôǵģеӣͬʱ¸ӰֱӰ£ٶԼػģԺԼҲܺùЩ
ʱƧԵľֹ˼ȥκƧǿƣҶҲûа취ֻѡ˷ӡ
Ҷʽ챻֤ʵӵźʣȻΪЩصҲ亱ǳ塣˶ŲδƧôĻԡ˵бһˣûʵҲȻܵӰ죬˵˵ԴⲻǺƧ뿴ģѧԺ˵ʧ˵Ҳʧ
ˣµʱѧԺڼͣ㣬ٸ˽ԶԾҷ˽¾ֱӹصʼʱٷųƧɡ
ƧԼĴ㣬ʱ˶μӡʣս϶ܹѹһ𾪡ʱôνˡ𾪵ȻһˣǴǸǸѹ
İɣԺô˵ˣȻû⡣ҶڴӦڼͷЩ飬ȻҴʱùͷ
ҲûͬԺģڽһߵ͡Ҷͬ˺ƧҪﰵһղʵѾˣҪǺƧֹµĻ˵ѾѪˡղҶʸѹѾʵʵڵĸܵϢ
ˣɢûʲôÿˣҺѧԺʦ׼ӹˡµ˶ͬԼƧҲһ˵Ҷǻġ
ȻûˣǺԺҾˡҶ˵תץʾͷ뿪ˣնսʱֳ磬ڴ֮ǰû˵ֻϽԼķȥúõо£ܴƵġ
ԼķУҶʷֹ˷šҶȫתصΧʱУľʢ޳Ⱥǳתָֻ˸ոճֵʱһûΪղŵĴսӰ졣
õϾõ磬Ȼ͸ܣǱϾʵġֻҪԴӰ죬粢ܴܵǸܵˡ
ɢȥõҲ֮ʧˡѵȫתܽ缤ǲ԰ԼǰԵһβȫģҲûмƬ縡ֳ뵽ҶһһõȴԵޱȵСԻʱ䡣ԭˣսʱܵԷǳĴ̼ԼʱȷʵҪжԷı¾ͺˣ֮ԷǳǺԼ̼̫Ƭ˳
顭̵Ž
ҶʲŸоһصֽҶʲ󣬴ԼˡøŲڸôذɣΪǵ¹ߣùˣܼôˬ鲻ˬҶʻǴ˷š
ŵôúõøŻҶʴžû
ϰˡ㲻Žرô㿴ǲż棬ϽһùͰҼסˡڨЦţЩŤñ˵ȷʵЩ
˵ŷʽƾһˡ벻סѣҲһصˡҶʿžͳ֮ŷԱ߻и׸ߵͬһŤء
£ҶûҲͬ硣ÿ˷ŵһǣóһͨ
˱ͣϺҶҲȽϤˣҲûף˳Ҷóͨ˷ڡ
ˣҶҲһְɡʵ̫ˣԼǳţģΪ޵ˡֳǳʱǶΪһѺ˺棬Ҷʵ츳ѾܾˣһĻԼΪֵܣҲ¼ˡ˭ҪǸԼֱӷҶʣǹġ
Ŀˮɣ·ʪˡ뵽˴˿ˮûע⵽Ҷʺָ˳
岻Ĳ֪֮ǰҲûпƬص硣ܵǳĴ̼صǱܱһְɡ֮ǰֻ֪ȽϽʵһأҲ֤Ҷҡͷʾ֪Ҫ֪Ļ綼ˣ˵ܺҶһսѧԺʱͲᱻ׷õˡ
ͺ˰ɣô֪֮ܲǰսʱһֱצԱߣצ˵©졣֪Լô֪ܲ԰ɣצֵ˵һһצĽšǰΪʱֹҧ飬һתĹһɶˡ
ᵽʣ񻹶ԼǱԼҪ˽ӡҶһţԼץʻǵʵġ췢ô£ԼȻڹؼʱԼһϹĥ


34 Ҫ·أ
צ֪ĺܶӣôͲأءǸôҶʾ˲֪ʱԼĴϿϷʡ
ʾҪиʵӣʲôɻ߲ĵطҪĽ͡צһ㵱ʵľûУˣǱ߿ϷͲûаС㱬׻ˡ
ûңô֪һΪԭ֪ġôɵԼԼҸоô֪Ҿ͸ÿˡڵĺһʼͿҶҲɻ󣬵ǾסûڡϾҶϹڣҸʲ֪ϻôɵƵˣϷһţġ
㻹㻹ʾҪúҪһаһСʵôҶŭˣצˣְúõԼһûͷӬһоܺɣ
ҶʱŭˣʶצסͷҶͷ¡ʱûٱҶԴÿοҪסԴĳ嶯γˡ
˻壬ͺǲġȫתʱųɫĹâֱƿʯ̵ʱǳĽɫâѾ֤ʵһ㡣˻ǿͣαƿôʯһҲ֤ʵˡԸոռʱҾһЩ²⣬ҲһЩɻ󡣡ʿҶжֵĳ嶯¸Ͻ˵
ʲôռʱʯ̡ǲмôʯ̣˵©죬Ҳ⣬ôʲôʯ̡ҪͽȫȥƶʯҲǺСģõȫ
ŶŶġҲôצ棬ҵðǣǲ˻þᶼûѹɡҶһͷ亹Ͻ˵˼·
˵ҿ㻹ûѣ˲˵ҪôſںҶת˻⣬ʽ˵ȥ
Ҳ֪Լ˵©죬±ʾǱҵеðǵģǻþЦ֪ҶôԼģǲЦԼôȥΪһһǱѹôͲ˵ҶʾԼƲɷԼ˽ȥ˿ຣҶʵĻڡ
ƾǿȫʩΪʱɫâЩҲ޷϶˻塣ǸǳһսʱֳǸõ˻ı־ˡֻѪ˻Żἤõ磬ҲֻдѪĲܳΪ˻塣ȻⶼǴԣö궼ûм˻ˣ˻ʲôҲֻ֪Լ֪Ҿ֪ôˡжǸƳ磬ҲǺǳЩмһˡ
ۣôҾ˵޵еģԺ˭˳۾ͱ˭磬ΨҶ𡣡Ҷһƨ˵ôһͣ˳Ϣ𾪱ɢ˲١
ͽ֣ҶԺǾ͸ˡǾǴһӵֵˣиͬͬģҶòű߼ʡ
ǣ˭˭ģԺԣǾȡиɵĳԣǾϡĳԡҶҶôƳԼǣҲЩƮƮȻˣҲ˵ĺơ
ͽ֣ǶԺˡֵֵܹܣֵܻ˵ġǵ£ǲҲȽ˰ͻȻһתԭЦֹҶЦȻֹ
ʲô£ôǵˡ֮仹дôˣȥһ٣͡ҶʵȻָ֪ʲôԭղ˸սŵɬŤΪҶ֪֪Ҫõó⣬ĺŪˡ
ͽֵֵ֣ܹܣǴӦҲܷ˰ɡֵܵİİϡϡġǾͰѻˣǽҪ·ġҪǲǣǾͲˣѶûˣڴҶһٳִ򲻹Ҳûа취
ԣҲûˡһСװĵͷ
˺ˣǼ·ôǲˣ˵ҲûáڲϣǸ߹Ƕϲģ͵͵Ҹطغˣȥȡ͸ǣôҶֿѵôҶʱƵû취Ҳǲ¶ɫĺŪ
ţ㱾ǡͬʱڣҶʴĲСԼеôĲôôԼͦء
֮ǰ˲ϤҶʺŪˣȹһʱˡҲˣ͵ǽٸƶˣ˭˶ԼǮģϡǽӴˣҶʶǵ̬Ҳˡ⣬˶뿪ˣԼҶЩжͲ˼ˣȥ͵ԼģȥŮԷװ㡣ԼҧҶģҲûʲô֤ݲǣ


35 Ů
İɣҶ˵㻰ôҲƭǰɣûҾ͸ǡҶؿĵİ죬ŰƱ
Ҳô˵˵ҶֵƷǹӲģŵù˼ҶˣҲüЦ
Ҷʰһڰ˺Ūȥˡȥ͵Ҷ·Ҷʻɲܾùֵֹġ͵뿪ѧԺȥһŮԷװ꣬һ·ˡ
Ҷ֣˵ҪǴһ١ãµʱˣԸﶼˡղײգҪҶ־˰ɡһģתޱȵĿ졣һԵȻûпڣҲһסſˮ
ҶŵĺߣϱͶĻΣϵǮҲԭġԼҲ2µĸҲ͵ͷͬˡ
ҶҲ뵽׬ǮϵǮǺġù˾ûˣܲƭһΰɡȻƽռԼò˶ǮܻЩҪõģͳԷʲôģٱϵȥ·˰ʲôġ
ȻѾӦˣټҲȷʵǵ˳ԷʱˡҶһһҲûʲô飬ֱӽѧԺȥ
ճŲãͿһսսʵ̫ˣʮġĺӺܳһߵġȻس⡣治֪ǳʲôġ
ҶСֵܣ˵ǺúõɵģǸ쵰ֱ֮ʧˡǲǲģ˻ûѾȵˡֿ񣬲ԺøС
ܰһҪллġллʱִԣͦ໥ʱе㼱¾ֱˣԲסˡҶʺգһתĹͰսˡôʱͦάԼҶʻͦжġ
ʲôллģڿʱҶˡԭСֵŰƽʱɽ¶ˮģԭαװİֻǰ͸һսϵ͵ϲύֵ͵ȴʵϵЩһ쵽ţģµһƵöˡ
ǲ粻֪ҵʵôôллˡҪһȥԷ֪ûȤҶٴθлϵս
ãǾһȥҲûԷǺúõģ͵ѡѣ·֡սҲǺˬĴӦˡ
ҶʵĶжһսһһ˳еһҿݡΪǵĵͷߣĶóЩȽ˽⡣ҿݾͻζǰԼʱʱһΣĸףǳҲ᳣
һ˿ݣһλ¡Ϊ𱬣ľѾˡҶãһһ˽ˣȻ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򡣼ҪһЩˮһЩ⣬ˡ
Ϊʵ̫𱬣ҶԭΪҪȺܾáãҶʼҲŸպһƿθͶɫƣζŨûгԾѾˣȷʵЩ
¶ǣҲʶ˵˽ѵĺõطȷʵЩġ
˵̸ҶʶԼҲ˽ⲻ١ǳӿĶӣΪӣԶ쳣ĳ谮Сӳú͸ˮĹƵãӦҲ͹һľġҪôΪĻʹشˣСƽʱûǻҶʱǰСʱͲֹһ͵ĶΪҶ֪ǳĹӣÿζһüǮ
С͵ϵȲıӳģԻϰнʵıռһĹ͡˵ʲô̫żھģʲôҩĸɵģȲ˵ЧһۡƭǸһǿߣ֪ݣ׷Ƕ㣬ҪѹСı۸ˣȻϵģˣҲͲ֮ˡ
սԱһȺǿͣʺСһֱǿ߲ϡһļ壬Ѿûˣص츳ѧԺ
ҶҲ½ԼҶȥϴдϵҩȻӳѵģ˶˴Ĵָͽû˵¶̫ˣרгϴϣЩ֣ɹˡ
ʺȶ֮£˵˲Լǰɵ£˵ģģ̫żļһҲʲôʡ͵ĵơü˲ò̾ʲô˴ʲô
ڼ̸ѾԻʱԱߴһŮһתһ𷢽ŮͤͤվԱߡŮʮ毺ãҶеһȡһɴ£Ľһ˿ϵס˷ɢŮ˫鶯˹龫֣бһֱȫëƵСʨӡʱ˵ĻҶʼĿɿڴԭЩ˲࣬


36 龫ֵİ˿
ʵҶʼ˳ԵĸˣȵʹʱǰŮ˹ʿ˰죬ȻſĿڡ
ʣǲ촽΢
ЦʷϾ֮ǰֻǽ˼צʾͺһսǰ˽̸ʱ򣬳ϣǳƵİ˵˳ԣ¼սҲ֪ǰǡ
ʱǰŮֱҪȻЦǹ˼ʾԱߣɫͨ죬ˡҶʾûôĹ˼ˣЦֹЦҶʵЦҲԭͱܵļʵܲסˣʱ˺ôЦ
ʲô񣬱ô˧ģȻ˵㻹Ӹǰ档ޣȫҶûû档ʱŭˣԭЩԴҲࡣҪǶԷǸŮʵǳеɰʲⱬһ֮ľսѵһ٣Ͳ֪ʲô
УƭҰɣҲҲﶪģϵƬҲûй󡣿һֱ˾һʲôû档ҼͶˣֲľҲǶôôŮĴûк£ʵЩ档
ʲôˣҲǾһȺ档бĶгġҲǺǵģ·
Ǿģ·ͦģ׼ȥҵСҫĶˣҲöˣ˾ͷһοŮ·𿴵СǶԼݵ۾ﶼСǡ
ǿһΣʶ˵ˣʡСѾͷʶ棬ĵشﲩҲͲˡСѾͷȥʱ򼸱ܶúõѧϰɡúһûʶѾͷۣǲǵġԷһϣȻö괦Ǹʵս㡣
ʲôڿ˵ûʶһһСѾͷĽţƵãװġıעˣȥˣڿݣֱӾͰ㿼ˡҳԹǳ˾ʲôζһ֪أӦúܲİɡŮҲԣƯСϴ˵΢Ц˵Ļȴ̲ס˸
ҶʵҲͷĺߣƽʱȻҲлʡǶ֪ȷʵһҲûҪԵȥʲ߲Ź֣ʱҪֵòɿ
λŮ֪ôƺҵĻ飬ҲҵĹʡǲģ㻹ǴɡҶʲòԲŮ龫ֵģʲôˡڱŭıԵҶһץסʣһս
ҽа˿λ˰ʲôǹʰи˵ҪԵ˵ĺᡣˣа˿겻˼ĳҶͷﻹǲʡҲŰ˿˷ۡ
ʾܻشҺܶˡеһ˵Ҫ㻹ذɡҶʼ˿Բӻش⡣
λѶԲסˣǰ˿ĸ磬˿Сͱ߻ˡղȷʵ˵ȤԲŹԿܲûʲô⡣ȻôҪҲͲǿˡɣͣ͵ʱΪղСõǸˡһ𷢱۵˧˹վڰ˿ߣż
վ˵ĽǶȣȻҶʺģҲòϣǰ𷢱۵˧ȷʵú˧Ҳ񣬲ûָ߸ϵ档
Ҷʣʵ֮ǰͷ˰˿һԼһӵˣе˧ŮҲǰ˿ҲʮƯһ˾Ѿ˵עˡҶʻӦΪˣҲǰ˿ĸ磬ʵԼ࣬ļ˳˰˿Ӧ֮⣬۷ΪҲ˵ǺǲʵҶʾĬĬĹעһ£ֻǳԷ̸۵ҲһЩ·ϵļţҶҲûйע⡣
ϵǿô࣬ΧûһǿߣԼһֱעһһǻøɱˡҪ뼸Сһ£ҶҲջ˼ͼ˰ѾԻϣ˿ʣŷ֮ǰһĻ
ˣҲܸо˿ûʲô⣬ô˼롣λ̨ôƺҶʾܾûİϰߡ
Ŷҽаףش


37  ׬Ǯ
ҽҶʡ𷢱۵˧籨֣ҶҲӦ
ֿһִҪҶʼ򵥣ǸСҶûİ͵ϰߣȻȥӱ˵Ĳ㡣ִٴεǸŮ߿ˡ
˿ߵʱǶСȭͷȻҶʼСͷתɿ뿪ˡ
ֻһСûӰ쵽Ҷʼ˵£ȻһԻʳ⡣
Թ⣬˵ʱҶۣôһСĹͳԵ˼ٸҡóǺóԣǮҲӦЩߡҶʲò׬ǮˣȥҪ˶þûǮˡһֱ˳˿꣬ڿĴ˺ԶҶʶһֱüڿ˼ڤ롣üĪôӽ˵ʱڶҪûǮʱǸ𷢵İͲˡ
ˡҶͻȻüһΪҶͻȻ뵽˵ϰҲԿ⴮飬ԾľͰע˳ϡ
֣˵㸸ӴҲԿ⡣ҶһĵغսëͶҶ˽ʸ̲ס˸
ϲԿ⣬㣬Ҷ䣬ҶʺÿţЩûסӴоҶʾǱȽǿƵҲкܶʱеСģûпһĵӡ
ﰡϲֿأʲôⰡⰡţⰡʲôģҶʼʵջ
㣬ϰֵעⰡǺܿµġǳ׵ķëˣĺëͽòİעԼϰ˰ɣ׼ȥϴԼļȻ͵Լϰֵ³뵽Լһ亹Ȼƴҡҡͷʵ̫˵ĳ뷨ҡԺ
ҶСֵܣʲôѸǼ˵ܲ뿴ʲô취߿ܲܰĵǧ벻ǿǳܵϳĳͷԴ⣬ǵʵҲСǿߡսҲϽһȰҶСֵʵ̫˰ɣעⶼ˳ϡ
Ҷһڴı飬ʵҲͷս
Ǹֱ鿴ңȥˡҲʿӿӴϲʲô׬СǮҶˣԼû˵꣬˾־ֵĿԼСһ
Ҷ˵ֻ׬Ǯ˶һСͷһȣľͳ˳ȥˡ
ϰϲԿ⣬ȥ⣬Ҳһ׬ĵϰֵǮ˵ˣ˭ǳԣϰֳԲҲǸǮȷþͱȸղǸݵĺóԣҶʲǴԼע⣬Ҳ͸ҶԼװԿ⡣Сӻ⣬˵˾Ҳ׬Ǯģ󡣲ҪǮҪʱ䣬ҶҲһѧôʱͱǮ
˭˵Ҫȥˣ׬Ǯ˵ˣҸͲ˵ˡҿĶԼѳԣ˭ϻǮİҶʷ⴮ԼձǮ׬Ź֡
㲻ô׬ǮԻˣͽ뷨֣˼ά̫ˡѵ̫ˣҵ˼άˣ
˭˵һ͵⴮׬ǮǵǸãҶʺٺٴЦ·ѾĽԼ̫ҸˣýøЩɡ
ע⣬ϰȻңҲһ޶ȵġұóֻ֪Ƶصģÿ¸ҵö޶ȵġǴνףѾµöˡ˵·ĽףǿһԵսָĿˣսЦҲǮ̲סһһһ
УЩǮʲôǵǮһóͷġ˵˭˵һҪ˵ġҶʲмż˵ı鶯˱ġ
ֲҪ⣿ǳ׵ˣͽڸʲôѵǺȸˣѾˣѾˣȻǼ˷ˡ
Ҿ͸ǰɣˡ㡭Ȼ鲻ͳô֤дѵĽ׬Ժ󶼳ĺġôɲɣǿҲôԣǮǴһ׬Ҷ㵸ż˱ȻţҲסС׵ĵͷʱʱҶʵƨ˵Ļ
·˶żָָģΪǲѧС죬һӻˮĲ֪ʲô¡
ʲôû˧簡ҶʵɿΧ۵ȺȺΧżָָģƷͷ㣬Ҷʲˡ
ͽ֣ԺҵϴˡֱҵʳĸҶĳ羴Ͻˮ಻ƺӷһʰϵ£ǰĵ·㡭ҶʵļƻֱݵУֻҶˡҶŶģθһڣϽס͡


38 Ůµ
֪ǺܳңҲ˵ˣǵıҾ֪ˡҶʿսҲ˸ŽҵĹ󣬸ϽڴϵȻ֪˻ʲôԼĵľٶǵԼճԹһٴͣҶʲô˷ˡ
ˣǼȻȥɣȥʵؿ¡ͿʼʱæģǺúõ׬һѡҶʼеȲģϽǻѧԺȥ˯ø¡˵ˣҶʻмûġ
ãǾȻȥ㾫ͽ֣Ҳ̫ˣԺͿˡ˲תѧԺȥʱһҶʵƨ
ҶվԭûжżʧҹɫҲˡҶҲһתʧˣ߹հ˹յҹн֡
ʣ֪Ů·¶еĵӡҶڲнʵתͷΣ˴ʱҲûпһҷװ꣬Ҫ˵·ˡҶһ´ڵһŮǰǿθеĲʣ϶Ϊ˵΢Ц
ɫǰ֪ŮһУҶʵĶĤⶼϵˡ
Χ˶ŮӵļĿĶԼƤҶҲϻģֱסȺ
ҶʲɵðԸ̣ҷ㰡ҶʿŮ뱻ˡŮӳúսĿ࣬ڣ·ʱķҲȥ˾ˣ±˷㡣Ҷһڣ
һܳһ֣ҶͣΧ˶ʶˣ·ˡҶסһ꣬ûͦƯģģŮӦöȽŪʲôˡ
һ£֪Ů·ġҶһ˵΢ЦŮ
Ůͨ죬Դһа׵СָͷָָԵһҵ̡ȻѿҶʵתͷҲصܿˡ
㣬СˤˡҶʿŮɿĿһԼֲʲôˮޣֲԵ㡣
ͨͼææܿŮҶʵĻһעˤ˵ϡϽӵ߲۽Ǳܶš
ûмô˧꣬һʱ䲻˼ˡҶʲ޵⣬Ҹоʮá
Цݣ·ţãһĿζΪûʲôĹζˡҶʻλƵ߽·ߵŮԷװ꣬·һΰıӰ·ĲŮٶĿ
˷װ꣬ȷ·ϵ˿ˣҶʾˡոսŵʱװ·˿ΰˡģס˴±˿ˡ
һףʮġŮ·źҲߡһ׵¿㡣Ҷߵ˹̨ǰĿģСĳŵ˵
ǸŮϰ壬ʮ̴꣬档ǰиӰ̧ͷҶ˵ʲô
һŮӵ·Ҫһ¿㡣ҶСظһ顣
ʲô˵ʲôҶʵĿ˵֡
˵һŮӵ·ҪһŮӵ¿㡣ҶҲ˻ŵһŮ·õֹңֵĿ⿴
ҶҶ磿ûڣеһ䴦һŮŮɻ
ˣϳˡҶʰһùⲻǽһŮ·ôǱϷ⻹û꣬žȻܱϳҲ̫С˰ɡҶ棬ת뿪
ۣҶ㰡ҾͿˣеȻˣ㰡㲻ǹҵİɡŮһҶʣҶĿʱһľϲΪҶǹġ˵߳Ҷߵһ
ĸĸȻˡ㻹ðɰ˿أûǰ˾Ǹռ治õĽ𷢽İ˿ԴˣҶʿԶ췢ģûиֻ˵ԵԵ֡
ҸȻؾƵˣǾԱ߲ԶһƵסԭ㲻ҵİѵҸģŮҶʲרģһʧ䣬ֿ
ҲġҲͬġҶʿŮϵһЩʱҶҲŵ亹ʲôܹһԼŮԷװ꣬ҪŮµʱ򣬱һŮ˸еεġ
ŶǵİҶأŶ֪ˣղ˵Ҫ·¿㣬ѵǸŮģ㶼Ů˰Ů͸¶Щί
ûŮѡҶʹʹĽһ䡣˵Լһ£ԼôһﲻΪ˸Ů·ѵǸԼðҶʿˡ


39 ò˼Ҽ
ȻҶʸ˵ûŮѡŮСסͣ۾ôġҶƤҲò˼
Ҷ磬ѵѵϲŮ¡ոգҶΪǸŮءŮг˳ԾǴ۾ҪҶʿƵá
˭˵ϲŮˣûУûСΪˣΪˡҶпѱ磬ղ˵Ϊȥƭ˵İɣҲôص
Ҷ磬Ҳò˼ġղͻȻϲŮ²ôԾģʵ㲻ò˼ġģʲô·ԼȨȨġ˵ˣˣûʲôֵġ̬ĶУŶǣҶҲ˵̬˵ҿЩ˱̬Ǳ̬ˡ˿ҶµӣΪǱԼܲ˼ˡĵİοʵǲ֪ôοˣԽ˵Խҡ
ҶľͿҪˣǺҲϴˡʲôŮԼȨʲôҸ̬ļˡʲôʱ̬ˣһֱģûб̬
Ҷ磬ò˼ˣļˡҪŶɣ·¾ˡ˿Ҷû˵ΪǱԼ¡ֽŰοҶʣ˳͹
ŮҶʵķԣȡһ·һŮ¿㡣ٷ̴ϰɻӱӵ۹¸ǮҶʡ
ҶʵУҲǹͲý͡ڰ˿ǷҶʵһСܣֻһ֪СܡϰоǣСӲ̤ʼǰƯɰŮŮǮһ·ȥֺµŮѡ
ҶϻģʵûȥˡŮע£ϰ￴޵Ŀ£תץסʷҲƵӵˡ
СӣȥŮ£û뵽áЦˡʱ˰죬ʵ̲סˣ㱻ҶʱһҲҪ˵ʵ̫ˣ뵽ʲմմϲԺҪҶʳɳ˶ޱʱԼϣ뵽ǻĻ𱬳棬ʾͿĲѡ
ס죬ǰáҶʱʼҵŵĺߣǳŵ
סס죬ܵҵ죬ܲҵԴҶˡʵ̫ˣ˵ҪǼ֪ϢôȻһôҾͶһɶģ֤һֶǲвҶեȡһô
˵׼һɣҪǶĲУͰ㿾ˡҶʸ޾壬һ㶼ںʵв
㻹ǵǰʲôµôҴթȡһǮ·ƭõġҪ˵ˣҾûǮˣýҶľɡҶʶʲôģ˳Žһ䡣
ȻһʧΪץסҶʵİѱڰѱץסˣȻԼʳ˹ϵתһ룬ɵӱҶƭˣ͵֣
һ·ϣҶʶо·ϵڿԼԼָָġ֪Լ̫ˣǸоһѧԺصԼķ䣬Ҷʲųһ
ҶʰӴͳһߣ򵥵ϴ¾ϴ˯Ϣˡ
ڶһ磬Ҷʻ˲ŴϣſˮгԴ͡˰Ҳûзӳɵüϵɤź
ģʲô㲻˯˻Ҫ˯ûйİҶûбѣڵҷ׷״˷ţ¶һŸѵˣûйĵ˱Թš
ԲסԲסڨڨЦЦ򿪵ķַ׷׵Ĺˣȥ˯
֣İ취вͨǵóˡҲ˼ˣؽ
ţǾǡҶֱһ˯˯ŵʱ˶ѡҲ˵ͷʮͬĻ
һŵŸ߸߹
Ҷһ̶ļдİⰲ糿ȥԶ
ĶأĶأ
԰Ķ

ոչϲõķִˣδ򿪵ĸ࣬¶һ˯Դ׷ѰĿеŮӡ
Ŷ񿴴ˣղһξ͹ȥˣӦòӡҲԼĶһôҪǷŭԼҲ򲻹е㷢飬Ľһ䡣
СС´οٺҲôƯķϣξˡһƬ򿪵ķҲ׷׹ˡ
ҪŹȫҶʲôۣû˧еôؼƲԣһס̡̫̣࣬


40 Ҫɱ
ڳŴ͵Ҷʣ˺Ҷˣͱˡһͦͷ˴Ѹٴ·򿪷ž·
Ϣôô찡ϲ·׼ٽҶ·ɽסڶһԼˣôôϵİ۶ˡ
ͻȻˣغһŵ˵ȴõͽ֣üЦлĺð
ҿղʱʱҶˣδҶʿˣֿһЦı飬ҶʾԼˣˡ
ţ˺Ҷôûأ㺰ôһɻתԵء
ţҲûкѵǶ䶼ˣҲһɻԭԵúӣʮ˵
ոһȷҸҰٷ֮һٵĿ϶СӺġҵĴһûг갡ҶŭˣξˣԼĴҲ˽ȥ໽ź˻
һյĹҶͷɢңץ뼦ѡҲùͷңġ
жҪǡҶ·к˽ݡȻ˶ˣҲͲȥˡ·ҶܾЩ֣ǺЩ
ʲôҲĵԭͲڵĳɻĸҶʽ˷䡣
ǡҪ·ǵĽˡҶץ˶һԵŮ·治ɫĶˡ
ۣ⣬⣬ӵ·ͽ磬Ժҵĸˡһѵ·ĳݶҶʡȻ֮ǰͺҶʴ˽ףһֱûпʵ쿴ʵҶʵĳҲﵽ˶㡣
أҪ˿˵ţ߳·һ˿
Ū·ʱ򣬱Ҷһۺ¿˳ԭҸͬأͻȻ佩סˡϻЦݣʱЦһҲڿޡ
ͬʱסһԵҶʣֻҶһƽ΢ЦĿǣ֪¿飬˳ױˡ
ͽ֣ⲻҲ͵İɡһ㶼˷ˣſǻ
ǰȻһ͵ġҶʷĪҪôôһ˵ӡ
Ҫɱ㡣һΪ͵£û뵽İӵ¿Ҳ͵ˡǶӵ£ࡣ׵ŭˣǰҶ鵱ϵŮŵĵطһ˿¡ͽֿɺãֱӳӵȪ㣬͵¿㡣
ֱɱҶʣӵʥࡣϾҶˣͿû˼ԡˣû͵ˡ
Ҷʸоˣ飬ûԼ͵Ҷ¡˵Լ̫ˣһٵȥ¿㡣Լѿð˿ǸɰŮ˲õӡڸ˵ĲҶᡣ
ֻ֪ǵҪ£ȥװζʡˣֲ˽˵Լƭǵġ
ЦһǺģ¿ȥģҪ͸ǿ꿴Ǹġ뵽˰˿Ҷһ˵һԵʱ򣬾Ҫ˵Ļȥֲ
ǽ𷢽ĿɰŮҪצǸʲôʱϹϵġȻҶʵľϢɹתˣ˵Ļʷ˷ۣûкɼܡ
죬Ҳߣ˵ҪȥһµôҾ͸ȥ̽ǵסַȥˡҶĲ˵аԼ˸Ҫ֪ƭˣ鷳
ô˼¿㣬̫ðɡüˣһʵ˵زżŮºǲõ顣
ǹҡҶʷ˷ۡ
ۣ簡һľôãʲôأս⴫ռ˽ûйš
Ŷ̸ǵ׬ǮƣôҶʱ˵߲¶ɫ¿㣬Ҳ·ǰ˿˻
ˡ֪ĸ˵ҶˣȻЩȻߡʱȥҶ齻ĵã˳ϼСѧԺ治ʲôܣЩ˿ߣΪҶߡ׷׵Ĵܳ˷ţҶʲôطǺòײŰǹġս˵һĻĸ쵰ҺģҶôᡣ
ĸԱ˳û¸ɺİ죬¹ľҶʱ˵һۣһԺ˵ı顣
ҲǲԾİͷŤһߣһΡ


41 ׬Ǯƻ
͵ˣ߰ɣȥԸͣǷȥˡҶкż뿪˷䡣
һȥѧԺڵʳý±⣬ĳѧԺ׼׬Ǯȥˡ
泤ġ֪ĸݹģȽϴģֱȽʵݵģѧԺ⣬Ҷֹס˽ŲԵ˵
ǾͳĿݰɣȼ۴װ޸ֶȽϺãǮӦЩҲıһݵ֡
ãǾͿݣǽȥﶼ˾ۼһݡǾȥǱ£ȥټ̷ǷͷжһȻ˵ҪЩҶҲһͶˣ׬ǮҪͶЩ
Уȥȥټ̷ҲѵõûІ£ͷͬºתȥˡ
ݣϰʷˡ¥װ޶أģشУࡣˣ˼ӵܶϲ軷ԿǶǷǸˡ
Ϊ׬ǮĵҶģԼ˶Ƚŷڼ˵Ǯȫϣ׬Ǯƻת
Ҷʼҵϰ壬˵˵˵ǳĹӴһãȻҶҲǧöҵ²Űһʱ䡣
ռĴ󣬲ֻ޽һ㡣ſڽǹ̨ȻʣµǺȲĵط˹ھĺ÷ֳһСһС˹кɻˮݣΪĿСΧӣڵм䶼СӡһԲε̨趼УҲһֲձݡ
ʱҶʼ˾̨ΧһȦĲ߰ʲôĶϰҵСˡ˶ĺŲʱ䣬Ҳѧһֻצץһֻ豭Ʒš
һպһĹЦĳ˴ſڣλƵĽˡ
ţûеǲӣҶɻˡ
ܰҲҵӡûͣãǸһСħͷôЦ˵һ㶼ƺſɳܣմմϲ˵
ôûأ㲻һ˻ô֪ոջ˶ǮôҪû˸ӶҹʲôСħһҪͷҶʿһ˻ЩģѵԼ̫ˡ̫ţˡҪûǮֻ˳ȥǻҸˡ
ҶЩ飬˼һô·Ųᱻץסж˿顣
Сûٰɡȱ·ҲһӳſڣδЦȴ˽Цôдһͦһӣ·ҲʱһڲͣĲϵĺ
ҲΪˣȣӲŪһĺҶʶЩ̫˼ˡ˶ˣȱûжİɡ
ҵ˲ᶼİɣҶɻˣСһԵ
ϻȺǮˣ֪Ժ֣֪Ϊʲôô˰ɡһֲֵı顣ҪҶʵ׬Ǯƻʵ̫ˣŲȥǣȻš˵ûʲôģʱ䣬˯һˡ
Ҷʼ˴磬һֱȵ磬˲ŵ롣ڼԹ˲ĸ㣬ǿܵˡǸӣ˵þΧƲŵһġ
ˣҾһѴټһأЩҪҪ֪ͨҡС֪ͨҶ˶ˣҶҲȵĿҪסˣֱվһ
ҪƽʱҶʵסġһóԲĵطһ졣
˭ǣǰͰ˰ֲ㣬ǳĹӡȺƽʱ۸ڶģϽԶĸʵҪȻһûмСȥģ¾ûжҶʿ
أҶʡǳŷˡҶӽ͵ƽʱĻҲЩ˴򽻵ǮͻϣҶʿǾǿһööĽԼǰĴ
ŷˣʲôôǰû˵㲻ЮСƭǹİɣЮСҲӦҳȥȺţҶӡǲҷڵ棬Ҳǲġ
ŷ˾ŷˣǹôʲôȥúöо£ûĻ¡ǶˣҶ˵Ļ˵ĻҺúõšҲҸȥǼ棬ȥǵĵϢɡô˵Լ漷Ҷʣʵ֪й¶ԼĲûӣ¾ûкв
ȻĻԭֺȺ˲ͱð


42 ཻ
ûȥϰӿȻ˵ǸóǶԴϾЩͿˡЩ겻ʲôǱӿһ٣ȻͲ֮ˡ
ЩǴС²ϵġģֻгֲáºһúӵڣǳҲЩС£ҾϰԵĶˡǲ𣬻㲻ô
أҪߴһϢһϢȻЩϢǵСġҶʿʼƵӣ׵ĻƤŻŻЩˡЩǼõģԴҶһƽû¶ʲô
ҶϢЩ֣ĹӶôأûʲô飬ҲͶеĲ²⡣
ʲôϢʲôϢһ˵ûпڵĴ㣬ֻһﾲĺȲ衣ֱеĺ棬Ⱥ˿ѯʵ
ϢǴҶ֪ӿӴϲ⴮زʲôܡǶģٶЩ˽⡣Ҷ˵ͣ豭ǳһ
ʲôϢǴҶ֪飬ҪǵʲôϵҶ˵һͻȻ˵ˣȺ𼱻ǵģ̲ס׷ʵ
ϹˣʼԼ˼·ˣҶʼ˵Ƕǹһ˿ȣϷҪʼˡ
ҲҪţȻйϵˡÿ춼˺֮ܶҪ׬Ǯе⹩󡣺ܶȥȥֲöϾǮʱûбˣͻʡӳǰ˿⣬˼ĶӣɾӦΪǶԾµġҶһЩ˵оݵģǰӿ˳˸ӵĹ³
Ҷʲס˵Բס˰ӳⶼǺ׶ע⡣Ҳһĳ鴤Ȼ֪Ҷʻô˵Ҳǵļƻһ֣鹹Ĺ»ģʱҲһıŤԼ׸ӵġ
ûҿ֤Ҹ⼸ȷʵǳ˱ʵĿ⴮˼ĶӣΪǳҶҪ˵ҲǺĽϾǣҸ£ݲҶʴġŤŤǮҪ׬ҪõĲʵʩ
ôذɣӳǿߣͨ˲һİȻô˵ǻЩ顣ϾҶ˵ÿĻˣһ꣬һ춼ǳ£ЩĺЩһܶɵĳ
ôǻšϵҸ׵һƭңʹҿЦôǰʲôˣһķŭڵĳŴҺܵĪ衣
Ҷʼ˶һҪȾͺ۹ƻҶʼ˵ᱻɵĵ̾һݼԱ
ңңǾû˼һоģҶСֵ˵ɡǱЩ飬ʱˣȥ˵һͨʱʰ
ţֲҪˣҲ֮ҶǼʵİοһ䣬˶ͷǡ
ģǣһİ취ǾǿÿǵÿǵͲֹĳ棬Ӹϱ֤ʡҶڳԼƻĺصˣܱ֤Ҷʵ˳ĺġɲɹͿܲܺסˣҲɢ˾ˡ
⣬ôܿƣѾжٵҲ֪пô׬Ǯ˵˷뵽ĵ⡣
ͿǺˣҲõġǶʳԺ顣ҶʼѭѭյһһİԼȦס
ʳﲻǴʳôôܽҵ⡣Ⱥһôôս
ʵúãԺǾͲʳˣཻġÿǵ࣬²ܽегûµץֱûգһһΡҶʰս˴Ĵָеĺð
ÿ⣬ÿǶཻĶȷļ¼ȻЩ⣬ɳǮȻȥཻģǮһǮǵġΪϷ⣬ŻһֹԱµġҶ˵ﲻɵĺٺһЦֳϲԣָϽֹסˡ


43 Ʊ
ڳǶʳʳʲôԱҲ֪ʲôҶʵɵĶն飬Щǳ¶ȥˣ鷳¶ܶ࣬ʲô滮ɳ±ʲôϸ˵ȷʵеİգǶܳϷĵ⣬ֻҪסȺˣӿͨ
Ǿ˵ԺȥǶʲôཻ˶԰ɣȻЩԶҲû⡣һǣҲͶͷͬˣǶȥȻегԶһЩⶼֳɵģԼȥϵũҲʡһ¡
ұ֣ҵ黹û˵ꡣ˵ǻϢ˵ϢҶʿ˶Լ˼·Լķ˼ˣǿģҲԽԽ˳ڡ
Ϣ̫Ȼ˵ǿ飬ָĳӵ¡ʲôϢһ˵һ룬ͻȻԼĻܻ⣬½һ䡣ҶûһʹҶӦˣһЦ
լʺΪǿǵúܵҶЩĽˣ뵱ˣǮҶ˵һʼ˫һ̯һı飬һĵЦ
ҿСֵҲһ˲ţضαԷƱءû׼ǶĺáҶ˺˵ҲǸ塣
ǰһĻĻ˲òĵ׵Ҷʣ̫ˣǶǲϢñ˸üЦġȫͰѱ˴ȥˣƵñתûǸ£а
λ缪ԣԺ淢ԷˣϢɡҶʶ˶٣ȫ˶쳤˲Ҫ
Ϣǣÿֻô࣬ȥʱ϶ġȥһЩȥ˵Ĳ򲻵ô򲻵ôǰɡҶ˵ͣʱЩ󸹱ۡ
ǰȥĶˣǻô⡣Ϊ򵽻ֻкȥŶӹҲûоˡȺе˷˵Լеʡ
Ⱥֺģ۲ݣֶò˰춼û۳ҶסڳǶļ˶סͺǿŽ׼һ
ҶʼЧﵽˣǳȥ˵ҪˣҲͲˡ
ˣҰҾҪߴĺϢˣ뵽֣һʼһơҶ˫ѹֵȺٴΰ
Щ촽Ҷʽ˵취ǣཻĵĹԱÿĶֳһٷݡȥͰԼռеİٷְٹ򣬶ĲȻٷֱռǽ۸ߵáõĽңǽ󲿷ཻĵתشӦܹ½ɡҶ׳Լ׼õڵǰ̵ô࣬ǹؼ
⣬ðɣû⡣ҪǮʲôռʣϣתһ룬õİ취ֻܵͷӦˡ
Ȼû⣬ôǾֳɣǸպһˣǾȷֳһٷݡһһݵ۸ߵãӻԾģȡû˶һݣȻԺûˡӹҶ˫Ŀһɨպÿһٸˣһһ٣ֳһЩ򡣽˵Ѿ˵ĺܶˣЩɣҶʾͰ񶪸ԼȥһźȲȥˡ
ˣǵĵһݶͼһǧң۸ߵá˵꣬óȾ׼õһӣ׼м¼
һǧҡ
ǧҡ
һҡ

һ־һٷ֮һķݶĳҵļǮڱϼ¼һĳɹˣֶڲͣĲҶļֱͶءԭеĶҶʸǵⲻ˵ȿֺǮʲôɷݡ
ںȲҶʣҲǼӼһ־ͶһΣһһûȣȫ˳ص˶ûȡЦҶʳԾǱҶʶԾʵֲˣƾյǮԣֱǮĻë˵ǮͶŵôģԾúϲ£
ʱһŰһٸݶȫȥҪ˾̫ˡЩѾĵҲӻԾľģϾԺ󶼰ݶ˭õ׬ǮЩһʼЩԥûоĵĶˣֱѾзݶҲܲˣ˺Ƥζֺĳ½еģҶʼ˶ƵöγͣȻɴɡ
ҲЩ˼ۣǳһЩ֮ĺУŪȺвʱвҽз
ܴҶ֪ݶޱҪϵԺܲ⣬ҶʼҲھĵĹѴҡһҲкüһݶûĵһʼǶΪǰǮ̧̫ߣȴҶ侲۸Щžġĵ˵ģûĵľͼˣļӼۣº治ûۻԽԽߣߵٲ޷ܵĵز


44 һͰ
ûĵ˶תƽʱϵȽϺֶĵˣܲһԼ⣬ֿڷԡ
֪ƽʱϵֵܵģֱӷˡûɵӣռݶ׬Ǯȫõ͸ˡ
ҪйƱתãȥǶཻģйԱǼǣЧġҶʷһֱӿһ涨
УǶԭʳڸΪཻģ϶ЩҪӵġҪſţֻʳƷҪ͵ŶӡŻйԱݶ⡣˵ķݶ࣬Ҫô⣬԰ѶĲתøˣֻҪһȥͿˡҶʵͷһ룬ֲ˼涨ƻӵһЩ
Ҫ֪ͨǵϢûˣɢ˰ɡҪѧԺһˡõҶʵʾ⣬ӣҶ˾ˡ
꣬Ҷʼ˾ͳ˲ݣһӵĻڼˡ
ˣˡͽ磬ֱҵż񰡣뵽⡣һȺΪԭǵг˺Ƥ๺ҾЦһȺһȥԶֱݱĽﵲסˣҲˣ˲ͣ
·°ڳ䵱ǰ˸߸ߵһѴⶼЩ˵Ǯÿһ˵ҲĽҡһȺ˿üЦôˣﻹûоֹôǮⶼΪҶʵһƻЩ˵ģǺϷ١
ǰЩһȫϾҶʼʱģ֮ǰû֪ͨǡĽҶڼǮׯ棬ŵ˵֮ھȫ塣ҲˣϾԼǵҪǸˣȥǵĵϼ졣
׬ôǮȥҸطúóһף¡
ãҲЩˣΪ˵ǰ︻̣ûкúõĳԷҶҲͬͳЩ͵ĸ㣬Ͷˡ
ҲûʲôʸǽҪһͷţ
ǾɣӻҶָŽֵԱߵһҾ¥װ޵ĻҲӦò
ãǾˣǮţһ˵žͽ·°ڰŵǮҶʼˡ
ȥʲô²ܳ˷ȥǸúúף£쿪ʤҶɻˣСʲôȥƽʱҪ˵Դͣܵı˭죬춼ڷſ˾Ȼ˵һ
ҶʵĻû˵꣬Ѿܿʮ׵ľˣļ˶ĪġСӽԴҩˣ׬Ǯ̫˷ܵɵˣжһʺš
ӣվסҪ㡣ƵſڳһˣǸζ塣
֣ءôأԭڶ񱼵ֹס˽Ųľżһת鲻ԸĻҶʼߡ
Ҷʼ˴ʱվھƵſڣһ˼һʱޱʦվǰ˵ı˵ľʡ
ոջڼٽ˵ȥǮȻ˵ն࣬ǮȥġǴʱûü˵˾վԼǰ˶һ±ץסĸоֱġ
Ǽֹʲô⼸λӦͬѧɡǺãĸףӿ졣ҼСǸǻ뼸λͬѧӿ쿴ԼĶںǰͬĺֹЩ飬ֲŸտѧãӦþѧԺͬѧΪһ׵ĽǶȺͼ˴кûԳѹˣҲûи߸ϵģ˾úͰ׵ġ
ûûУͬѧͦõġûʲô飬ⲻտѧã˵һ۾ۣ˽¡ҶҲϽӦ˳㻹˵һûһԵжѡҶ˼˵ǻЩͦͣģԼŪٵ
ŶȻǳ۲ͣҲͲˡǳԵҲܱŤ̸㣬Ҿˡǵó˷һ£ûУӿ֪Լ⣬˳ԷҲŲߵʱһ䣬βסŭ
֪ˣ˷ͻûĻش˪˵ӡ
ߡһԵҶʼҲޱɵĳӿ˵һıӣװͦôµİ
ҪǱƧˣӶҪɳ⼸˾ûһĺúӣһһǻǺǵҶʣƽʱ£ʱԵΪɡ
㿴㣬㿴ͬѧѧѧƽʱô¡ǽȥĳԣҪǮûСȥ͵ϰ˵һˣʶСӵġˣˣˡӿ쿴ҶʼޱȵĹɶ£̲סѵ䡣ٴҶʼ˵תҶʼ˻˻Զȥˡ


45 
עӿıӰ֪ʧڽֵľͷ˶һһ
ɫ࣬ŭҿǼƽʱӵİôװøƵãôⲻڲô
˵ôôء𾴣𾴶ĻҲʾ㿴ˡҶʲˣʲôװøƵġòãСʱǰñ˵ȥҡײƭ⼸Сʱͳǰ˭Ҫ顣
ҿ㻹˼˵ţһûҪǺ˭ȡǳ±ǰĶ̫ˣֱˡҶʻƱ磬ˡ
ҶϣҶһͱ˵˵ϡ˾ڵϹȥŤֶзִ磬ûġ
Ƭ֮ͬʱվʱͷҵġֳֵȵİŶԷɢҵͷҵ·ؼĿɿڴ
Ÿﰡ߰ȥԷˣǶǡ˹ƵȥһԵļ˻Ƿ㶲ɵóѵ
ؼ˶Ҫˣ³ǳǰһʲô޵Ƥһǻһƨ¶ûУһõľ顣ҡҡͷ߰Ķ˦ԴϽѾ˵ˡ
˶ǳԻʱֶԵһӵĲˣڸ缸еǮ˶ӵĳԡ
ｻͬһսսѣϵӵܣҲӵϤ˳˶ӳԣ˺ȣ֪͵ҹ
ҵøϽȥҼͷˣȻٲһٳ֮˸׵ĽмŪ飬Ϊ
ãǾȻȥˣЩҲûʲôˣһƻҪϰµӲʵʩȥ㸸˳Ҳһ𽻴˰ɣȻʱ㻹ҪȥҶ룬һЩ顣
šİɣ֪ˣϵ⣬Ҽǵúġ㲻ңҲ˵ġˡ˵ת뿪ˡ֪Ǻȶ˻Ϊеԭӡ
ˮ׳ʿһȥⲻսʫһףΪӦ
׳ʿһоЩĵսʫʱһģˤڵء
ȥ˳ҶʼҲѧУһҹƽҹ˵˯кܿ͹ȥˡ
˵᲻ΪŪ̫ˣˣľҶʵķϢˣⶼȥˣûг֡սʶûҶʼ̲סһˡ
ҶҲе㲻ȷӦòɣϴβ˵©ôǰɳôķṦΰģεǰɳ²ʲôɡӦӳĽܷΧڵġ
ҶĲҲкôģǰЩΪ˳ɱȷʵкܶⶼǱ˵ġͳһɳ߽˻ͻԴȷʵһٶ
ǣҾӳҲӦûͬġҲһͬͷͬ
ⲻǻôһС˵
һˣûкҡʵĻ䣬ʹ˹
ʱʱϰָˣߣǷݾͲ÷ˡôֳˣӳˣҲͷҶʳϷš
ǻû԰ȣôǲǮҲЦϷŵĲһ
ˣôˣûвİɣͬû˶ŵʵﵣ˴ˣʱڳˣҲͶ̲סˡ
Ҹ׺һࡣ
Ҷʼ˶ٺһЦ
Ҹ׺ΪʲôǼûЩЩȷʵƷʵ⣬ܶⶼˣǻǳ˼С¶ˡҸ˵Ҫ취ǵİվϷˡѧ߸ӿ˵š
ҿ㻹ҵθڡô˵¾ͳˣҶʽŵʵģܲʵʩ
ȻˣΪҽ춼ȥ˰Һ͸һ˵Ҹ׾͵ͷӦˡһ磬û˯ȥæȥˡȥཻĿŵĸʾȻ˰ѳǶʳǵҪ滮һ¡ɪòУҶʼϸȭ
Ժļƻأ˵ûУ̲סʵһƻֻһˣԺƻǴҶԴˡ
ЦԳܲɹôҰѸʾõˣȵҪʱֱȥͿˡͳһʾӿױд֣дӡ


46 
ֻҶʼ˿ཻѾȥʱ䡣
ʼ죬Ҷʼ˵һûݶģȥŶ⡣ÿ඼ǷűĹ滮˵ģʲôٽﶼȷĹ涨
ûݶĶȥŶӣˣľһҲ򲻵ҲãʹϵҲãǲһû򵽵ĶһҹڽſڵţҲ˯
ȴҹİŶϵſڣѾ˳Ҷ뵽һȥˡĵȻˣǰĿ϶Ҫ⣬⻹ôֱûˡ
һȺ󸹱˾Ϳʼ㼷һ£һ£Ȼг\ŵġ
ǱλõľͶϵһԽԽꡣһĴ󲿷ֶûݶģЩ뵽ûԺˣЩѾȹϵϣеĲ֪
һֱ׹˵ػϵ͵Σֱӱˡǳ˺ƤһȺ󸹱˾Ťһ
еĽӵ˽ĸľٱ𼱻ǵĸϵֳȵֳʱ򣬷һȺ綼ûˡ
һȺ󸹱ƽʱŴޱȽˣʱڱʯϣһһģҲŤʱ˺˹ϡƽʱȱûһȺ˾ôʯҲû࣬ͻǻţſˮ
ԭҹĶںúϢӵȺھٱ˵˾Ѿܲϲˡʲô취ǵְҪǲȥɲܡ
û취ֵĶӳϽкµִ·صȥͷĽӳߵļ㱻ˮСӳͺˣҹ˯ﻹСһ¿ˮ棿
ӳˣءȫץȥ˼һ졣ֲȺʵ̫أֻûȥȱ
ҶϢʱǽİµĹʽŵĵһ졣ΪƶȵķˣҶʼҲһȥĹһȦӵˣ⵽ʵʩô֪ҶʼҲ˹һ֪Ҷʼ˸յͱΧסˡ
һȺȻ˵Ż翼ǸͷƵáе׵ϸߣеȦڡһȺ˶ţҶʼﶼЩë
ҶСֵܣлл㰡ˣϾ̫ͬˣҶô׬ǮȺյģ⼸컹ûʵʩ¹Ҫһȡ̫ˣǽѵһ٣ڻʲôûšһͷ˵
ŶллΪ񡣲ǽѵǣôԼŪˣ˵׵ϸߣ˵©磬塣Ҷʺòˣȴɻˣǽѵ˱˻Ǳѵˡ
Ҷ˼˵Ȼ˶࣬ǼһҲʡ͵ĵư춼ƴˡⲻŪ˸ܾˣŸմӽﱻ˼ͷ˵Щ˼ͷȴͷϵһ˿ڣʹһġ
Ҷһ󸹷̣Ƕ˶ˣܲƴôȴû뵽ȫԼġ
ЧҶʼҲ뿪ˡ
ѧԺҶʷڣΧӶϰڷĸСԡ㣬˱࣬һµӡ
ƻĵһԲˣǿʼʵʩļƻҶ˵¶յЦݣ༸Ҷ˵ҲǷһյЦһ·ѧ˸˽ü·ˡ
º󣬲֪ﴫϢ˵ǳˣϲЩʳϲԳ
û죬Ҷʼͬİ취ټʳˡЩûݶҲǵ֮ڣͬ˵Ҫ滮гʳƷռеķݶЩԭʳľĵΪ𱬣Щ˶֮ǰ滮ЩţҶʼǴ׬һʡ
ᵱ죬Ͱ׼õĸʾ˳ȥʳ׵صҲԭཻģڸΪʳƷġ
죬ʳÿĽȵļ٣ΪʳƷȴ쳣𱬣ʳγǿĶԱȡ
ʳ˶סˣǿ֮ǰżȥļڶıԭá׷׵ƱûǮȥʳĹƱ
ʱʳⱻҶʼѹֵüӣĹƱԱˡҶ߲ܣԭ׬Ǯգ׶ն١
û죬ִ˳Թ˳óеĿ˳ζָĳһֱϲˣʳѸٵԣƶΪ𱬣Ϊ
˾Ҷʼ׬ƱҶʼ˵Ĳ¶ǵͼ򣬸߼
һм˵ѸٵĹս˿Ҷʵ񶼿ҪðˣҶʳݵ˼¡


47 ˵
ѾҶʼŪ죬ֻҪʱʱȥѹһǮ̧һļǮдʵĽ롣
˴ʵ룬ҶʼʱζġһԺȣʱʱȥЩֵĶ
ʱķɿ죬һתѧԺսѧԺͿҪˡЩҶʼйʱܲʱһЩͬɫͬɫˡ
Ҷʼ˸մӽй˻˷þǿ죬ҲͶʮġӣŮز͹Ĺ͵ˡҶʴ˷ţ㱻
һӵͷڵϣһ΢ЦĿſڵļˡҶʼ˶һ㶣˲ʧȻתҪܡ
ǼվסƧһúӶһһġԼܡ
ٺٺ٣Ժղûп˭Ϊ˭أڨЦתӡ
˸տžͿƧһЦĿżˣһ֪ûʲô£ܲŹ֡
ƧҪ֪˵뷨ըΣǼЦôЦôͰ׵ġ
˭пǼԶ˰ɡ˶£ǡƧ˼һ䡣
Ҷʼ˹ԹԵĽ£аԸ̣ʱȻ׬˲Ǯвٴ˶ˡԼڸ֪סȻϽȥһ١
˵ʱǼڵͦİƧżˣһĻЦΪϲ
ܰǶʵء㲻ȥ۸ȻҾͲȥ۸㿴ҶѧԺȥˣˡҶ˵ЩѾռݾˣҪͷ־ͽȻˡ
ҲԹˣҶˡôԭģ㿴Ҷû׷㣬ǵҲȻ˰ɡƧ˵ֱҶʣҪ
ʲô飬ô֪ͷΪ㳶ҾͻмİҶһͷ治򵥣ѵʲô
ˣֲôõʲô컯ҽȥˣײµĺۼﱻƻءһжˣ治֪СʲôôȥġƧҶʵ飬һʼûдƾԼѵĹϵСԼǻ¡
ǲ˵ʲô˻ôҾȥ¡Ƨû׷˼ҶҲͷſˡ
ΪԼȥײص˻ޱԼһε춯ҶŪģŭˡ
һ˵ĸ쵰ɵĺ£ԭ㰡Ҳͻ˵ģ쵰һҶʱĳˣ˺ƧڳҶʰ˵ϡ
⣬⣬ҲİǿҲҲǹӣޱȵôҶڨڨ˵⼸۾ˣЩʲô𾪵
ô˵Ҳǵ·ֵģǺ֮ǰ˵һˣзҶʵʱȷʵޱȵӣʳһ⡣
ǵġҶʻƱ磬˶ҪֵĴ㣬Ͻˡ
Ҿ˵ǵ漸㣬Ҳȥôûз֡һʼҶ˵˾Щɻ󣬲ҧ˵ǣҲˣĵ׻Щɻ
ⲻôȥ˵ײ㣬ܵ˴ôҲΪ롣Ҷʴӵ·ϵĻҳ˵
ȷʵЩ˵ģǻȥˡСҲ̫Ľ˰ɣȻûȥȴˡսˣһʵĿҶʡ
˺Ժʲô°Ƨһ˰죬ʱ˵˼ԼϣҶʸϽǣѻ⳶˻
Ѿ׵ıƻˣˡҲǺ£ûԽˣȫԼˡƧΪһβ˼ð۵Ҷʡ
ҪѧԺҪʼˣǶ֪˰ɡƧˣϵļЦָ˳
֪öˡҶʼСĽĻش֪ͷ«ʲôҩ
ѧԺаνǼȻˣǵĿˡҪԶİɣ콻ҪǮİɡƧЦĸˣϵƶѻһ
ҪԶҲҪǮǼʲôϵҶʼװŲףͷ֪ʱ׬ЩǮעͷ˰ɡ
ôûϵѧԺѽŰΪѧԺһԱΪѧԺЩµİɡƧ˵ϵĲ豭ĺһڡ
Ժ˵Ǽͦ͵İ׬˲ٵǮѵûдΪѧԺ㹱ףƧɻʵһļЦûһɻı顣
ʲôԺǼûϹڣ׬СǮ˵ҶʼޱȵĵۣƧҪǮš


48 ʼ
СǮĿɲİƧޱȵľȡ
СǮǵǮԷءҶʼһ󸹷̣ƧݣݼҲ̫˰ɡ
Ŷˡ׬٣ٶ׬ǰɡǺãҾͳȥЩˣǰǼǶģŴġƧ˵žҪȥ
𰡣ԺǺ㿪Цţ׬˲٣˵ҪǮΪѧԺÿһѧԺ˵ǰɡҶʼˣһסƧؼҲǳԸҶʣ˵ӦΪѧԺЩ顣
ʱҶʼ˵ڣѾЩ˽п಻ˣѾкܴԹˡƧҪǳȥôһ˵Ⱥ˻˰ǰѼϳȥһҪ칦᲻ɡ
ҶʼʱѹեĲˣЩЩ˷жˡʱĻгеƽգӿܾͲԼˡ
˫С̡ΪԺǮҶʼ˲òЭˡ
ɣҴ£ξٰҪҵӡǾ͸ҺˣΪѧԺһѧԺҲסġҪǻ飬ͻһΣƧƵҶʼռ˶ıƵġ
ң⵹ûʲô⡣Ҷʹ˼ʵֿ˻ҶҶʼ˵ʵ㲻ʲôˡԭΪͷż˵İѱʨӴ󿪿ڵġ
Ȼе࣬뵽ΪѧԺҲͬˡҲһҶһ뷨
ʲôǻһΣʲôʲôôûиоʲôΣհҶɻˣгںʲôΣ˵ʱҲûиʲô£Ӧǵʲô鷳˰
ϻǲңҾͳȥǵȥЩǿӺˣǺ֪ЩϢġƧһ˵ЩҪĻ
ոȥ˵ԺԼ𰡡ôҪĻҲ˵óвҶʼŭˣôҪô
ԼЩҪвҶʼˣָˡԼôΰƵģôҪô
ΪҶǼжģЩƻתҲҪǮԴҵĽҶҶҶͳһպһöңֱ˺ƧƧֽסҲûŽĴС
ҲֺܹƧˣʱӹ˲٣ȻûʲôˣǴѧԺôˣҲѧԺеı־Խ֮һˡ
©ƫҹ꣬ӹ٣ָպø˺սѧԺ
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ˣЩͲҪˡʱˣǼʱ򶼸ȥμӣʶ²ͬϵкôƧպǮȥ
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һΪʲô£ûԺѧԺȥˣƧ͵
ô£ǻû˽ˡŮҲȥҶˣ˭бԺȨأ
СӣʲôءƧŭˣСԼ
ˣνҪȻͽѵѵɡɱˣǶѧԺǶ˵ǲɶõ˽ܡɱ̫ϧˡƧͻȻ˵ȻתͷҲصˡ
Ҫʲô̬ˣƽʱһµһı鿴žͲˬҶʻû˵һԵսȿˣȻȻҲĴ
ͽ֣ҪͱˡһأԺһӡǿԷΪǶ˲赹ˮģҲһԵЦ˵ȻҶʲˬ˳ŶҲе⣬Ҷ佻˾Ѿоˡ
нŵģ˵кҩҿҵ˳ͲðĦġҲһԽĽһıġ
Ӵ˭ҡʻ˵꣬ͽʵʵİ˼һơ

ʱһξ͹ȥˣѧԺеѧԺľмֻȺƧһȺ˾Ϳȥ䳡ˡ
ѧԺսѧԺʼˡ


49 ˿
һյʱտʼһĨǰףƧΪѧԺ쵼ڳˡ
ԭЩڻ̸ཻ۵Ⱥ˲䰲ƧҲûнʲôųֱӷȺһŸߴӣ֦ͷ
ûʲôҪ˵ģǿġûʲôƪۣƧĹ˴һ䣬һӣѧԺ⻬ȥ
ǵļͱ̵һ仰ˣһȺ໽Ÿ˺Ƨ˵ĽŲ
ʱҪȥǳе䳡䳡ĹڣռĴǳר޽ģʱӻȥ
뺷ҶǿߣټһǿΪ硣ʴʱһЩ׷ʱҪͱȥ䳡ǽġ
ȵѧԺһȺ˸ϵ䳡ʱΧѾΧһȺˣǳлǸľϹֵġ
ȺģޱȡҪǸźƧģҶʶΪԼ˲гˡ
ϸ֮Ⱥвȫװʿǳϵ˻Щʿֳά
ټ˺УһȺԵøע⡣ΧȺҲǵĵϸָָġ
һȺⲻͬɫͬɫˡһһٶӵǼϴˣʣµȫʮꡣҲ֪ͷϷһսѧԺѧ
ѧԺѧԺˣ˳ԶÿһͨѧԺ˽ȥ
Ƨ˲ǰȥ䳡ڴվһӪǰһͷŶ
һΪһǣսˡһͷףӸͦӥצۿݣƤӤͷźƧ
ôܣⲻȺѧԱ̫𴲳˵ԭô㲻ߵ˵һ£Ҳÿ˾õԶǿͣλȥҪúõĽѵȺСӡƧҲǸԿӸ⣬һҲ顣
ߣ˵ЩʲôáҪʵУǿԽȥʼ˰ɡӥǵͷƧҭòУҪʵʵжѵ¶Է
ŶܼѵΪǣҪƹˤ˺ûȥͷʹޣͬʱһ㣿ƧڿൽһҲˡ
ߣҲϣѧԱǺһҪԶһˣʧ顣ӥͷ˵ͰͷŤһߣٿƧ
ģѧԺǺܴľϲģǲ֪ܲܳܵסƧҲΪ⣬û϶ͷһ䡣
ˣ鷳Űɡά򡣡Ƨվ䳡ſڵʿ˵
û⣬ǳǵģǵķ֮¡׵ʿźƧһ֣Ȼкһʿһƿ˴š
Ŵ򿪣ƧӥͷͬʱŶ䳡ڲȥ
䳡ڵƽ̹Χһ߹һĹڿ̨ʮһ̨ʮ̨ΧһȦгмһĸߴ
̨ʯɣʯ쳣ҫŵ⣬ǵĳǽҲʯͷġ̨ϵʯ̻мӹ̵ƣ̨ӵļ̡
ʱı̨Ѿǲսĺۼһ˿Ϣеı̨ǸֺۼܲʯȾ˰ɫطٲҵĶԾ
ʱѧԺ˷ֲڱ̨ϢŸԺķԸһЩҪעСĵĵط
ƧԺͰҶʵһߣҶһɻ˶һĽΪԺҶչˡ
㣬һõõСӵƤģɽʱûкúõϿΡȻҲ˵鷳Ƨ˵СһֱûΣܶ½ϵ˶֪Ͳ֪
ʱһѧԺĽʵǣ˶½½ĶԾҶȷʵֺͺƧҴôһ˿ĹϵƧԿһߵչһ¡
ҶֽӹֳģҲûд򿪹۲¾Ͷ˴СƧԴЩСôͲñ˵ĺأҡҡͷתˡ
СҶӣԺչˡƧߣ˾ˡ
ʲôչˣ͸һĪĶѵҼˡҶҲûʲô˵Ҳûʲôֵġ
Ŷˡ㣬ϰָ׼ġպԺʱҰǵķݶˣһҲõõʲôҲǶҶһӡ
Ҷʴ򿪴ӣһſĴָСӣװһӣ֪ʲôá
Ҷʣģ
öһԾʱ㹻ǣⶫóˡ
Ҷ磬ּˡڽ̸һԶľʹ˹
Ҷתֻ𷢽İ˿ı˹µСϹЦݡ
Ҷʿ˿ֿԵءˣʲôʲô
ѵʱЩ˿Ӷˣ±Ӧˡôƫƫʱ˰˿ˣôƫƫڳʱ˰˿أ


50 һһ
ʵѧԺ˸յʱ򣬰˿ͷҶʡĻϲҪȥк˫Ĵͷ˾
СȻ˵棬Ҳ֪ĿǰϲԣԭСҲ˻
Ҷһֱڶûע⵽ԼСЩⲻߵԺոս꣬СȲĳҶˡ
ôɰ˿ôأҶӲͷƤѯʵʵһ亹
Ҹģ߱ûط棬һˡ˿Ļ˵ϹЦݡ
Ҳμôտǵʱ򣬻ΪǳġһЦĴ˹
ǰ˵Ժһġ̰øҹˡ˵Ů˼Сͷ
Ҷ磬ҲҪμôŮҶʵ
ǰԺӲץġҶʻûڣȵ
ϣǺ͸粻Ҫ˾ͺˡŮЩǣȻҲ֪Ŀġ
ߣҪ˲źáСҶӰѵһ٣Ȼû˰ʱҰץůѾáһ̽ͷ˵
Ҳ⡣ץҵůѾߣҪץסҵСߡŮǺʾһ㶼ʡ
СС˭ҶɻˣʱŮһ˹С
СҵĻ飬ǺġŮһѱһֻɫʱֻСèСӲӵ༫ѡҶϳˣǵһŮʱʹŵֻ
ԭҶʻΪŮĳʱŮôһ˵ĬĬĸ֪£ССȷʵ̺ǿ
˶һ㶣СҪ͵Ϯ˵ܳɹ˵˲裬ֻ̫ʵˡ
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Ҷ磬ϴҹôͲأŮͻȻʲôתסҶʡ
Ҷһ⻹ʲôʲôհ˿ȫû֮ǰ飬Ҷﻹһ
ţҹСҶӣһôʲôʱ򻹳͵ܳȥ˿ȥˣɫƣҶֻ찡żһܳȥˡ
ܰǲһôʲôʱпܳȥˡҲϴγԿʱˣǲҲôҶˣﲻסŰ˿Ҫټˣȥµġ
Ҷ磬ѵôϻİһҾסڸľƵǸһƵ֮ûҹˡŮ˵ЩίС΢΢ľ
СҶӣ㻹˵ûУ˶ƵˡҲ̫˰ɣȥ˴ҶǵӡⰮ˿Ÿճ֣һܺ㹫ƽģ㶼ˡŭˣ̫˼ˣĿŹġ
ܰûе¡ǾڿݼһΣǴλһġҶʲͣĳŰ˿գ۾ʾ˵ˡ
Ҷô۾ôգͣġŮȫ⣬ޱȹĵʵ
ҶˣŮһ仰ױˡ
ǣҶҲӦð˰Ů·氡һһ¿㻹һ׵İŮίˣȻ
ռ˼ŮҪ¡һôôû㻹áҶһıӣսĬĬĺҶ˾롣ֻ֪Цˡ
Ǹ˼ˡŮµСȾһΣȻҲ˼Լղ˵Ļˡ
˿㲻ΪˣһҪúýȻ֪ж֪Ůꡣһ˵Ҷһۣ̫òȻ˰ɡ
ȵȣ˵һ¿㣬һףͻȻʲôŰ˿ȷϵ
ǰڵģԼġ˿С͵ָͷͣĽ°ڡ
Ҳǿ˳һ·⣬һ¿㡣ڰ˿˵Ů·㣬Ǹġʲô
ҶͻȻ˸ת׼·ˡ
ҶʣվסطһŭҲͻȻʲôޱȵķŭ
ԭһʼû͵ʲô·һʼôȥ·ģŭˣһץסҶʡ
ûУտʼû㡣һʼֲ죬Ҿûǣ·ƭǶʡˡضĦȭƵҶʻˣڲԵĽ͵
ô˵㻹ǹˣƷˡҶǰһ仹ΪʲôԣһֱҪ


51 ǩ
ѾʶƣҶƹˤӲ˵͸˵ûùʲôҶ·Ǿǲţýջҡǽסջ𣿡
һ仰û˵꣬͸оâ̱Ƥˡ
ҶŤͷһҶɱڵĿԼԭվҶΧʱ׼ֺ˶̲ס˺˼
Ҷʷ˵ˣ¿ˮ̣ҶüǵúΧ¶轵˼ָ֣ؽڶ÷ס
Ƨʱĳм䣬ĿҶһۣ˵ˣΪأԼڶ
ҶȻ˵ֵ̳Ĵ㣬˪ĵҶһۡһ۷ޣҶһӰ춼ûС
ء˼ҶʰŪˣ֪ˡ˶ϽͷŤһߣ޲Ҹضȥ
ͼһҲһʱˣսͷһ˵ܡŵϴ˵һʼͺҶʳΪѵˣ˱ɫúӣ顣
սһ㶣ת鰡ֲϿ˹Щ֣ʱǺƹȥˡӦþνĽװɡ
߼˵־ֻһСΪ˵־ֹͣ
̵Ƨ˾еıֳ̨Ĳǹ̨ϵڣǳڵѧԺ˶ͬʱ
ƧЧȿԪ˵±Ĺ˫һˣȳǩֳʮһС飬ʮС顣
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ҶŸһų̋ӣҶŸų̋ӣҶʺٺٵЦ
Ҷʳ׷ˣûһ̨ϣȻһʼҶ顣
Ҫ̨Ҷ飬СôԼ˺˲Ź֡Ҫֱȥ߱˲̫ôⲻĳ쳯ô
ԶȥμʲôһûͻĻˣȥȥˣ˶ȥˡ
Ҷʴע⣬ȥȻԼѧԺͬѧҲ̫˰ɣ˸Ҷ鹫˽Ļᡣ
ɣǵҶͬѧ˵ԺеģһʼûҪúõĲμʲôҪǺƧӲҪ˵ܳȥȥˡ
ҶӣҶȫֱ£Ƶߵһſ̨ǰ
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Ҷ˹չ涨Ҷ֣ѧԺдһȻһŷŽ׼õһڡ
ûãһų̋ĲѧԺȫ롣һʮˣһʮֽţѧԺĲͬڡ
ѧԺѧԺȥսѧԺѧֵڳֽսѧԺѧԺ͸պ෴
ҳȡϣΪٰ췽ѧԺʦ͵һˣ˫˶ԷôǾֻҪһͿԡһ̭
ҳ˶ԷֳأһѧԺѧԱʵѾԼеһ˲ûг鵽Լ֡
Ҫе˱һȻٺͳ˱һš˵̭ͱܿΪ˶֪֪׵ͬѧԺͬѧÿ⡣ѧԺʦһŵǼһ߽͵
һ˶һʤһأǲ֪ҪƴʲôʱˡѧԺ˷Լʡ
þͿˣ˭ʵھḻ˭Ԫ֧ŵøˡһʤ˲ܽнıԣվһʦЦЦͬʱҲϵĹ
ǼǽˣҶʺսѧԺһѧԺͬʱ˶Է⣬ĶҪ
սѧԺҶʵѧԺüЦΪԼ˶ıˡսѧԺѧҲһʵĿĺˡ
ѧԺͬѧһЦĿɵӻΪ˶ı˰ɡҶʿǸ޺ĸоֻǱ氡
սѧԺΪ͸Ľ׵콾ӡºʰǳǻ浱Ӱ
ȻҶϴκûзֳʤ˶ˣҶռϷ磬ɷֻʱ⡣
ҶҲ˶ԷԼ񣬲µ롣ʮϵһµı飬е㲻֪롣
ͬѧԺĿҶ鶼һ񺮡


52 һǹģ
˵꿴Ҷһµı飬Щ̡ѧԺԺҲ̫ȱ˰ɣҲˣҲǿȱϳ԰
İɣֻñһѡˣȥ㣬ϼغϣҲôѿˡ˵鲻ĵĶҶ˵
Ǿллλ˸ˡƧͷ̫ˣҪμʲôⲻôҶľϲﻹڱԹźƧһģ
Ƨ˭ԺôǹЩСֵܣ٣úõ˵һܴءЦοҶʡ
˸Ӣ츳ʵôˣⱲӶǴ򲻹ˡҶ̾ϢԵޱȵźį
ҶʵһάĻЦޱȵʹ죬ҶҲԽԽ˳ۡҪ˵ӪͬҶȥݰӵĴˡ
ʣµľսѧԺͬѧޱĽĿͬ飬СҲ̫˰ɡ鵽һʵզĶ֣Ҳǡó鵽ˡڿֲʵզģҲе
ѧԺôͷôһɵСӲμӱأҪǲֵܻĻ˿ܶҪˡ
ѧԺļ˶ҪЦˣҶ̫װˣҪǶ˽⼸˶㱻ƭˡ
ĶǺ¹ôôܰ׳յֵزѧԺųƶǿѧԺⲻƾյġѧԺ˵ȫţʮ㶼ܴճġҶҪֳôѧԺִô
ѡַһжڿ̨ǰʦѧԺʦҶʵıݡȻ˵ϺƽʵҪ²ˣͨ죬úһһ̨սѧԺʦĪ
ҶϴθմͺϣҲڳġĿ̣ҶмＸиµ˽⡣ЦǣԷľͱסˣҪĵزˡ
ƧʶɢһɨеĶ鶼Ѿ˳ǩˡҲֱ˵ʼ
ѧԺʦҪﵽˣʱƧǲϵֱޱöϽһż˵ʼҶһϳ
Ͻ˳ԼҪ̲סˡǰҶһµı飬ԿӰˡҲһЦݣĳ˵ҲܳӰˡ
Ҷʺ̤˱ֱ̨վڱ̨϶䴦
˸磬˵ҪҵŶ㿴̨ƯŮӿأҪ̫ѿҶһ˵˵ָָͬ
˳ҶָķȥȻƯŮӡһŮӣһֱӣһʹ
İɣ˵㻰Ҫǽ۸㣬ҲЦҵġοôƯŮӿǣҸӦչֳڶĴȡһĳҶ˵ֻ۾ǵĿҶһ鰮˿
仰ͺˣܺȥȾơҶһϲĵóſеĺ˸˵
İɣ㼸غϡԲ֡˵žͱ˫֣һֵɡ
ŶҶһ໽ųꡣ
СֵܡûʵսɣԺҲǵġôͷأҺңҪĳһô졣Ҷʾôɵ㶵ĳԪûת껹ҶʱԹš
СֵܡҪн࣬Ҫôɢҡױץġ
Сֵܡ㲻ҪȾͰʽõ˰㻹ûӽء
СֵܡתԪô
С

Ȼһַ緶ҶʺʵսĳסĳָҶʡ
Ҷʳ嵽ǰ֪˵ĲɢҰԼʲôԭ򡣾עµȥȥҲˣСӺץסĿӣһ˽״
걳˫֣ӱʵ˽״¶һ޻ɫջĴ󻨿ӡ
ԭĴʦȲˣһΡǳëǿͦţڷƮҡ
һУһԣϽ˿ӡҶʣֶ̨ˣ޲Ҹطȥ
̨ϵĹںͱ̨Χ˶һ㶣ȻûԤϵᷢ顣ݵĳ֮󣬱ĴЦ
̨˲̨ڽֵģ̨׼ģԼͬͣסҪתɧҵԴͷ
괩˿ӣָҶܻģһǹġû뵽ôɣ֪򲻹ҾֶΡһôͬ㡣


53 ˽
Ҷʴӱ̨ϵĻҳæڶ˫ֵǵģ治ǹġⲻһ壬һָ߰ĵԼĲһСľͰˣųĿӵġ
Ҷʵͷһ߽ţһ˫ֲסĽŪ·Ҫίжί
ʱȫĿⶼסˣҶôһͣҶ֪ʲôѧԺͬѧ޹˼ɣЦսѧԺĹ˼ͬѧѧԺӣûôţҲǱͨ졣
̨ԭԵĶ֣ԼͬͬʱһŮ䣬ѱѾϵ˵ִ˸ᡣ̨漴ϳѡָӿţֲ˺üȦ˺üᡣ
һĻĻУȥܽ⿪𣬿ҪõӰɡ
Ȼ룬ҲĬĬİ䣬⿪²һȦһȦһȦȻһһһᡣ
Ƶ־һıԲûӰ쵽ˣ˷ô֮ϵЦȻָԽԼıȥˡ
¶ڱ˵һЦϣЦ֮͹ȥˣԺԵ޹ʱǹһ
Ƕ˵ûֱ꣬جΣһĳ衣ȻĴϣôΧۣƯΧ³ˡ
ע£Լзȵչ˸ɣҪŮ¸ӡ
Сӿ϶ץסԼ뷨ʹСֶΣԼѿԼûȡʤһСӺô뷨ԼȻ֮ġ
뵽ԽԽԼĵն񰡡
Ҷ֪˸Ȼô룬ôһ˵һ䡰ˡҶֻǴҪϷŪѣûй뷨ҲôҶ˵̫ˡ
СӣҳҸղСˡȻΪĻ̫ˣҶĵˡҪΪܴҲ̫ˣҽ͸ھԵʵǰһıֽϻƽд˫ȭս̬
ۣ˸硣˰Ҷ˵˸ղǸ⣬òáҪȻҲҪˣСҶʿζˣﰵЦϻǺּۻۡ
Сӣ㻹ңǲˡȭ꿴Ҷʻڽϵĵ٩ŭҶʳȭͷϷŹâһȭҶȥ
أҶʾɵˡôɵ㶵վţڵһȭԼؿڡ
顱һ죬ͬʱɱĲҺ
ҶʺͬʱҺţޱȵҡ
ź׵һֻȭͷʱҶʻװƲɵҽиƨ˵ңֲ㡣
ҪˣСİȭͷȥоֶҪˣԼʮɵƵΪߡ뵽ţҪԼ͡˵ȭͷʹĵ˼
еİֶ׳ˣԼþջһҶʹȻһǵĿ㡣
˸ˡҴС͵ƤҰû¾ͰҵŴƤʵˡҳƤ֮ûʲôŵˣ㣬ͳˡҶͻȻʲôԴ˵
ҪˣѸٵҶԶԶġϡһʣҶʱƵڳбŵĳ
ҵ˽һˣˡС趯ųֵ
ƻݺУŮӵҶҲɵһ㶣һǧĵŮڶߵ˵˼֮ࡣ
ԽԽƮ죬ҶͻȻȫһɢŽ⡣еĻþʧˣߵǧĵŮҲĹС
ʱվҶǰΧĲÿɶɼ
΢΢һÿĻȡаϲСӳʵЩ⣬˵ûʲôرˡ
ٽʵܽʵôг߸߾бնҶʵĲӡ
Ҷʵ˫Ҳûָȭͷųȥ
ϡһ𣬼ֱᡣ
Ҷԭزһɽ걻ĸ߸߷˱̨Եϡ
Ҷ֮ģ﷭ܱдѹһģȻû֣ղŲ˵
ι㷢˲ҡҲųɣһʵеȻ𾪣ҶһЦı飬Цꡣ
СۣˡҵĵڶˣҲЩ𾪣֪ҶôͻȻѹǰкܶ಻ľǲ֪ԼĵģֻͬҪȱԼԻסˣֻбԼ׸ˡ
ղҶˣôô˹


54 ˣ˷
ۼҪʹڶУҶʼ˾
Ҷۼ⣬˵һеĲԼһˡ̨սѧԺͬѧκ
ѧԺͬѧӦúԼһǵһôֵĹһЦŹӣ˫ֲͣǰץš󲿷ֿлҶ֣ǳҪôҾжôҡ
ίʦ˲ԣʱļ˸ƣһеĲ̨ϡ̨µѧԺѹһǵĿˮǰһжʮãȻ
Ҷʰң屾ܵĿܣԷĵסֵĹȻʱԼҲһ࣬ҪҽʲôҶ飬ƤŹ֡
еģޱĵŽҶ
ˣǶϧжҶʿޱȵۣСӷʲôˣѵҪԼô
۽ɨ̨¹սսѧԺͬѧһڴ뿴Ϸı鿴ԼҶ׿ҪԼ뷨⽣йŹ֡
Ҷ飬Ҷ顣ߡҶʽƾͼƣһźšԷθеԶȥˣ̲סᡣ
ϲ欸ĵҶʣѵľһˡ
žյҶʽǰͰҶʽʵʵһƣݶš
欵欵ķתȦӵĵ˻ȥˤ˵ذϡ
㣬ôһ㶼ûӰ졣ⲻܣܣûͬ׵ʱһӰ춼ܵġ귢ˣҪǰľѧǰһôûС
˭˵ûӰ죬еҶ䲻·һθвסķڣҹ³ˡҸ㣬ʹֶ˵ˣȻҪ˰Ҷɫ࣬Ǳô־İɣղˡ
СӣҵɱС˽ˣ˷ѡ귢ŭˣͱҶʴòУڻҶʱӿˡ
һܲ͸磬ˮò
Ŀ裬ʱ̽һ򿳡ʱƲǴ̳ĽȫƮƮģûһ˿Ҷʺľ͸һߡ
ҶɻˣòıԼ˰ɡ˵һԼ֮⣬ôһбһй죬ҶʲôöûС
ҶĹâԽԽŨҫ۵ĽⶼҪʵʻˣҶʾһɫС̫Ҷʸеˣֽ˸ɳȥҲǶһʼչ˵ˡ
ǸܵҶʵ轣ٶԽԽ죬ʧˣԭسһʵʵķ籩
˿˿Ƶ첨ӷ籩д˿߰ĽҶʲơ
̨ϳһĻһǾתķ籩һ׹˼ա籩зɢ˿˿Ƶ͸˿ߣǽɫ̫ʵʵİסˡ
Ҷʴ󾪣ڵԪڻʧǳȡҶԪҲȾ˽ɫɫԪ͵Ǿתķ籩УǷ籩Ҳ˵ɫ
ҶԪĳȡ΢ɲٶȻļһߣǷ籩һڲϵıǿ
ҶʸоԾˣϳ֣Ҫꡣ
һ˫ɫȭͷܴƲ죬˫ȭ߾٣ʱؼΨһ
߾ٵȭͷ£׹䡣ڹսע£ݺݵķ籩
תķ籩ҶҵһҵĻζ籩ҵĲҶʸֱɢˡ
˶Ϊվǰ˵ʱ򣬾һζɢķ籩־ҵתҶԪֱȥ˴룬ѷ籩Ⱦ˵ɫƸӵĺˡ
Ҷʱɫʲôʵ̫Եˡ˫ȭͷ籩ӴҶʾ͸оǾתŵķ籩дһɾ޴ϵҶɢԪջȭͷ
һ˲ĽӴҶԪͱȥһ󲿷֡
õҶԪĲ䣬Ⱦ˵ɫķ籩ɢ˸ֵ˿ߣҶʲƶ
ҶβдɢнӽԼķ籩˿ߡ
ҶСĽ˿ҲӴҶʣ޷ȡҶʵԪˡüͷҶʵ̫ˡ
˽ǰжʧЧڵɱﵶʧȥ˴áֻҪ籩˿߲סľ޷ѣ˿߲ʵӰΣáӴĿԪͻļȡʱȻɢˡ
ʱȫʩչˣ籩ȫԪз籩תųؼԪһҶʵĽɫԪһתͻһݵģѾ֧Ųסˡ
ϡһ籩зɳһѳ
ҫҫ۵ĹʼһɳǷ籩ɢˣԪ˳õ籩ĹעϵĹӵҫۡ
һѳʱռ䣬žɱֱ֮ȡҶʡ
Ҷʱһ亹ͷֱëը


55 һʤ
ȻԾҶʲûк£Щϲ
ԭΪĵıҶֻµ˿ʼûвµ֡꣬ʱڱǱҶʵĴʩչ⾪޵һ
Ҷ˫ȭ䣬ԪҺƵҶϯһա䡱޻ڵһȭգҹ˴ء
ĿУǷһҶʵĽɫȭͷײһ
ûʲôȭӵĵطһĄ̇ǵķֱѩڡ
Ҷ˫ŵλΪԲģҲһĄ̇Ϣһ㡣ҪܵĿ죬ˡ
δһνɫѪڱ̨ϣǣ˵ġ
ۣǽɫС̫ǫ̂ϵĹڷˣ̨µѡͬԾǫ̈ϵˡ
ҶʾôôָжǿҶܺѧԺһߵĸֽаģʱһһһĹƽԾа˶Էϡ
ȿҶϷˣ֣Ƶöֲʱ󡣽ʹож޹֪ʹУҶˡΪҶʿһغֱӴ֣ܶû뵽ȴô
ѧԺͬѧЩܣΪֵսѧԺͬѧжǿ˵Ǹ
ѧԺͬѧأսѧԺͬѧʱȴǡǡ෴̨֪ϱеŶô˽Ͽô򵥡
һʼ̨ʹ˽ҶҲ˵ʱǶΪⳡӮˣҶȴͻȻһֱصʵĳԾѧԺͬѧʵʵֲ̫ˡȻϷˣʹ˽ꡣ
ǴʱͻȻתˣ˽ӵļһ
ϡǻҶȭͷķɽһĲϵĹѸٵİϲϳһƣֱˡ
໣Ҷʣ޵УҶʣ޵УҶʣ޵У̨ΧѧԺͬѧ֪˭ͷŵõ˴ҵӦΪҶʻһƬܴƽʱļңʱһӪģǶǶˡ
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ҶʵѧԺ̸ߴûǸַ緶Ȼ˶֣ȴû侮ʯ֡ȻҶʽһ仰ոĸߴȻ
ˡУеķһŤŤȥĵ¡һ˷ȷʵ˷ѵģֱ˷ʱ䡣ҶŶԷǰҶȷʵûоʲôΣաһУ﷭
ùȫʱƾһ־վŵ걻׻ˡǴ϶ʧˣ³һѪֱͦͦĵȥ
ҶҲϻǰȥ̧һߡӱ̨ϷɳһôĻߣһŵء
ʦӦӮ˰ɡ鷳аɣһ£ʱ䰡һУҶת̨Ϊеʦ
ʱѧԺʦֱЦãͷβǿһ־磬Ҳڰ̾Ҷʵ׺
սѧԺʦɫеˣѧԺʵ˽Щ˽⡣뵽һͷһӼ
һԣҶʤ˵ע£˫ʦԱͬʱڵ
ҶһԾ˱̨ʹҪ뿪
СһЩ𵽴ҹ䡣һֽ֮ŽеڶֵıԡֱӻѧԺѧԺʦס·ҶʣС߶
Ҷʳʦ˵ͷʾˣٴεл֮뿪һų̋
Ҷʺ׵ҵؼˣ˶ų̂Ҷʳ鵽СһԼ˾;ۼһۿҶʵıݡղҶϷˣ꣬⼸ֵף
㵽󣬽дĻų̂ѡֶ˵˹Ҷʳż·ϲбѧԺѧԺк˴Ĵָ
СҶӣͦҪˡսɤţԲѵ˵
ٺ٣ҡҪǶֵĳð᲻ôҡҶЦ˵⻰ҪǱѪɡ
ͽ磬ȷʵġ֪ǿû뵽Ȼô¾ʹ˽Ĵˡĵ̾ҲһԲסõͷ
˶ΪҶЩС鷳Ҫд¶Щֶβܻʤû뵽ҶʤôɡŰԷü˲ò̾
ô˵ʲô˽ôҶʿż˵ıüôһЩŹΪûʲôرİ
˷ۣ͵˽ɲ˵ʲôˣУ˷ʱķš
һˣ͵ڶ֮ͬʵעʶἤĵ뻷С뻷в԰Σʱ˳ȡŵȫԪʩʩչһоɱЩ촽ҶЩΪȻͲ˵ˡ


56 Сģϵ
ǵıԺҪȺܾõİɡҶۼ⣬˼ŵĺơ
ǰĵ˺档ҶҪôصеӣЩĽҶˡ
ʵģĵǻҪѴʱȱ˱ԡҶֻñһΣŵ˵һȷʵؼ˼ʡ
ãԵʱǾʹˣֺ񶼲ʲôĽɫӦò˶þܹҶûйʱ򣬼˾Ѿˣõһ첢ûϺݲӡ
ҾͲˣȳȥ䡣ϼһǱ˾ȥϴȥĿݡҶвסѾȥԿˡ
ãȥɡǱ˾һʱúõĳһٲսڵһٲڳͲ̹
ҪСĵ㣬Ȼǵĵ̡ǼһеͷСΪϾǳӿĶӣ֪ҪЩ
ãҾȳȥˡҶ˹֣ת뿪ˡ
·䳡ѧԺϢ̨ҶȵƧ֡ںƧûз֮ǰսкʷɿˡ
ս䳡ʾԵȤȱȱġֱȥѧԺϢ̨ϣſڵϾ˯ˡ
䳡ڻԵûɵģ˪ӡŸճǻ˹ࡣ
ҶüĿ㣬һĽ¡ǮˣȻҪĺЩˡ˿װƤ಻ҶʱеøӵĻ󡣺һꡣ
ֱ۴ֵʾЩָЩԪͨŵĹ󣬴ʱſҶʵļͷ϶
Ҷʼ˳ʣצʵǶҶʼ˹ģƾ˵ʻȷʵЩϵġ
ƽʱ̬һåŵϳһɶ
Ҷһ·˲ٵĻͷʣٻŮɬĵͷбӣٶٸˮצˡ
ţŮСظ̫ƽ̹ˣҪϼꡣ
ţٸζظƨɵģϧˡڷˣСҶܲˡ
ţС椲˿ץȥůѾͷ

һ·϶·Ʒͷģ˵ֵĺڡʵĻ˵о̹С˲Ųؼ
Ϊʵۣһ·Ҷʱ꼰㰤˲ٵİۡҶʲôûòáЩŵĹǲŲЩҶʰһΰۣʵͷһǡ
ЩҶʵĶ߲ͣ߶߶
ܵ˵޺ãҲޱȵãҶʵ黹
鲢ûгãҶ鷳һͷ׵ͷһϵԺ賤ͷסҶʵȥ·
ͷ絶һ㣬ϸһղŴܵЩơʱͷɢƣԭֵĽֵѸٰ˶ɢˡ
˵ͷûµСүҵ·ҵ·ˣ㻹ôԵѹ·˶ϿˡҲûӴֵİҶʳԵϷ˾裬ͷѹС
賤ͷûΪҶʵĵϷ鿴һ˿ı仯
ҶʶΪư͵ʱڿˣ絶ƬĦ˽һĴˡ
˵ܣֻܹѧղҲúõĹܹܣӵˮ׼ͷˡҺңҪƢ𱩵ĻΪʲô˹Ϸˣ˵ġ³ͲˡҶѵõǫĻѪ
ٶ棬ʼչž޲ͷų־ֽ˼ָ֣ؽڶˡ
Ǹ㲻ƴҲҪȡͷһ˿ǣûбͷ
Ͼڱ˵ĵϣλ˽Ե֪ǵĹءڳ޹ʿɱ䣬Ȳ˵ѧԺһڸֲŹԼǳеЩսʿҲܹԼ˺Ƭ
ǵĴ˹еĥңŤŤȥĶңǹ˷ʱ䡣Ҷôû鷳ҲûǸֻǰ̨ӡͷ𲻽ˣôĻ岻áҶЦŻӦûҪǸĴ㡣
ЦЩ궼ҶϷŪ˵ġżģҲǴ򲻹ܡû¹˭˵ͷϴˡ
ͷսΪͣеĳЩ΢ĻζͷһΣ¶ʲôƽ
ͷƽҶʷըëèͷˣ˵ļƤ
ɱʵʰɱҶʸеֽű䣬ͷ̫ˡԪԷתһܣҶʲŸоЩ
ͷҶЩǿģǾɱǿġ
ҶЩȻƤ֣ǳĶʲôޡԴϺƧ֮Ȼǿƣǲûɱ⡣ʱľǴ˱ɱľġ


57 Ѫս
Ҷ˾裬Ԫڣת˼£˳Ľ⡣
ͻȻǰͷʧˣҶֻͷҽ΢һأǰһͷٴγֵʱѾǵҶʵǰ
ԭбĳ֪ʲôʱѾ˳Ŵ̹ɱһֱҶʵؿڡ
Ҷʴ󺧣סȭͷŽȥ
ϡһ죬˵嶼һȻû뵽ԷȻ˴
ͷҶʸ߳һ磬ѾһʿСˮסѾԹأֵܼܡ
ԭΪһĽʿǺܼ򵥵飬ͷղųѾһشһɽû뵽ȻûȡԤϵЧ
ҶҲǰԾΪͷҲȻԾǲҡ֮ⷴ߸ߵԾȥͷ˾롣
ͷˮ׼Ҳ롭ҶʱԵϷ£ͷͲᣬһ޹ֱֹ
ͷǰҶʴĻᡣͬһ̳ҶʾȭҡһУҶһִ޻ϵĸоһܡ
ͷкͲһ䣬ΧҶŲշתеĳʱһҫ۵ĺâ̻򿳡
ͷشٶʵ̫졣ҶƵƣӦ
ϡϡϡսĲʱڽսʿնڴ
ҶһܣͷĳȻ˲ǿǡÿһľҶʵһİ׺ۡǾ޴ķ֮ҶҲЩԲۡȥȻͷ޷ҶʣǷͿҶˡ
ҶһȣȫԪϯӲͷ
ͷƮȻأʲô顣ѺȻһĽ׵ʿͱͷˡ
˰죬˵ǿÿĿ֡Լ´ܵģ˰Ҷʵ·ŪһĲƬϣЩɫĻ⣬Ѫûм
˵ͷЩ죬⻹ǱҶʸһȽףҪǺҶͬף˵ͷˡ
Ҷʾȭͷ˹ȥҪܱͷѹŴˡȻԼ첻ʲôʵԵ˺ʱ䳤ĥҪĥ
ɫȭͷſֲĲ·ܴգһǰƣݺݵͷȥ
ͷҲɫ΢䣬ҡƸʢгܿ죬һ⣬Ҷʵȭϡ
׹µɽײµǣ˶΢΢һΡΪģϵʯ嶼Ĩһ㣬һ紵̳
žһŽɫѪ齦ڵϣҶһʱеڶˣǱ˴ЩϵҶˡ
һתƸʢ·ߵĲľѸٿݻƣеԪһաͬһȭҶͷȥ
ĹǵһصʱùġϤˣؽ̻Ҷʡ
һȭֱնҲԪɵͷڱɫˣСӾȻԪ˾ҡҪǰֵʱܹԷĵȷȷĽףͷת·ˡ
ʲôЦԷǿͣҪͬȽ⻹õŴô
ԺкţϲûͣȻҶʴ˸ֲǾǣȫԪעг
ԭĳʱͨ飬ĲͷһŤ£
ϡΧ۵ʵĶ䶼ѪſֲϮٿֵĶ꼰㣬ɳȥԶˤڵϡ
ҶҲõɳȥòȶס壬ϱҶӡҶ̧˱е֣ȭͷһӣɼǣɫѪҺϵʡ
һֹס˿ȳŰĽһת˿ۿɼٶڻϡҶˣȴӵսӵĸ߰ˡ
Ҷ˫磬˫ֻĻһͷ޴Ի䡣
˶󣬵ѸޱȣڿһӰͷ
ͷɫ԰ףҶȭͷһĲСȫԪ񶼹ע˳һʱƸʤǰһȭ㣬ͷʹ˾С
Сӣ㿴ʲô˽һУˡСͷҲҶʼһĺȵ
ٵĻʼһͷֵӰ˵ԽԽ죬һƬһ
㲻ʱĹͷͷײβĴͷеĳƳ۾ǡôĵϣһδι
Ҷ˾裬ͷͷĽг˷޷оĹŹ⣬ûʲôرġ
ҽһţһɫͷ㣬ѸٽͷͷϾԼһףȥᷢʲô⡣


58 ǿƵ̨
ͻȻΧľɫ䣬һƬѪ죬·һƬѪɫɱ
ɱ죬̹ǣɱܽ˶ᡣ
Ҷɫ䣬һֱͷû뵽ˡ֮ǰܵĺЩһͷɽӵľٹԺеĶγʵޱȵĻþǣֱӰԼɻþԻ䡣
ɱ֪Ҫɱ˲γɣҶжܵһЩ谭Щٻ
ϡһӰ⣬ɣҶ֮ƴһǡӰûκεͣ٣ֱԶȥʧˡ
ϡϡֽӰҶʽǰһκֱͣԶȥʧ
ҶѪɫɱУһ·벻Ӱֱ֣ߵѪɫ롣
ǰԶȥӰִ˷ϵΧܲ͸硣ҶΪģγһӰƴɵİӡ
Ҷϸ۲죬ӰȻԻģǶͷЩƣһͬĳӰһѪɫĹ۶ɡ
ͻȻеӰеĳҶʳɱӰҶΪģͣҶʽ
ҶǰӰƴ֪ӰʵʱӰȻ࣬ǲûһ˿ĵģ˲
еҶʲͣŲշתһٽѪɫӰһɣͬʱһֱΧĶʲôɱС
ͻȻӰгһǿ⣬͸¶ɱ⡣һһ·𶴴绮յĳ
ѪɫʧˣӰʧˣѪɫɱҲʧˣȫע˳УԭĽⶼһ˿Ѫɫ
Ѫɫɱʧ¶˳ǵӰʱսͷɫһ˿пЦ⣬·ѾҶʷʬ¡
ֱָüĶһûٽ͸¶ɱѾҶʵüģһſѪ顣
ҶҪҲˣֻÿųԼһ˿ͷ΢ƫһ㡣
ҶԺһƬհףΪһôˡͷϵЦԽԽ̣ӿֳһĿС
ͻȻҶüһĽ⣬ڻɢǿҽҶ˭ҲûпսͷûκεĲһ쵽ͻʱռ䡣
ԭŲпЦݵͷͻȻ˳ȥеĳءȫһʹǰһ̻ЦͷЩŤǵĶ
Ҷʳһ亹աղű˲֪ʮֵĿ϶ǾԺеδ֪ڡЩҶʶҪⶫˣԼҶһ
ʵҶҲ֪ʲôСʱǴΣڻмǶʹûпˣԺʱʱĴһЩĹУҶĴڡ
Ҷɽϵĵڶ꿪ʼԺеĴжˣҶʲ֪ʱʱδ֪Ѿ֪ĶһԵӡԼԺУԾʧˡ
Ҷ߸ϲͷһ֮ҡ֮£ղųĪĹ»ĽϣˡҲƣʱһΪڲϵʧ
ͷˣĿСӣҪˡ
ͷطλȼƴﵽǰδе۷壬ԭʵնѪꡣ
Сӣ㿴ʲô˽ľ衣ˣ˷ѡͷʰİس趯
ͷޱȵĻĪѹƶĥ̡
ҶٴθܵӰ˿˿ƵĽɫԪ룬ͷ۶ȥԭǿ˥ϣƤڻʧȥɱȥ
ҶʿٺˣûֹԪʧԪȫϯҪһͷ
ܿҶʾͷһжͽͣԪ뾫ʧҶҪͷಫȡһ˿ϣʱԺִһط
Ҷƴһ˫ֻһϵ·Ի䣬·Ÿ̨ףңԶ
·ɰɣ沼˵ĻۣӶɣŽ׵졣
Ž׵̨Īʼһ־ѹգֵ۸ڰ̨֮£еð̨ӵĲ
̨ѹһУѹһСһ֣ط򶼱סˣԪתռ䶼·һ塣
ԭʩչ˽ͷҲסˣ޷ҶʱȥԪأѸٵıñƤĳ˹
µͷЩǿ־ˣԼǵһôĴڡͷޱȵĻƣűԼһ׵Ҷһ
Ҷһ˵һ̨ף̨һʵĹԡҶʸоѣ̨ϴĪѹѹҶʹͷڲ͸ĳҲһ𲻶Ҷʻǿ
վڵ̨ϵҶʷ½磬ޱ˲ֱӡӡһ䣬̨Ҷͷȥ
ûзκεײҲûзһ˿߶Դλͷ忪ʼãֱʧУʲôû¡
۷ʱ̣ĥ𣬵βʣ


59 εԺ
ͷҷҲͬʱʧӰ١
̨ˣҲʧҶʵ˵ϣڵϵˮʪ͸˽ϡͷɢңɫ԰ף·˲ϣŴҶʴʱһСؤ
ҶĬĬĴԼ£Ψ¶һ˿ЦԼյǵʱӵİɡ
еʿܿ͵ֳܿǵüͷҶһưܵڵذϣΧҲһȦΧĽҲһƬưܣٵĲˣ֮ղǾĲôͷʿӳһͷۡ
ѾˣеĹشҶ֪Ѿܾöûзսˣ˭
Χ۵ȺɵһȦЩǱս˵ġʣµǱŵģȻΪһ־硣Ͼм³عڳд֣˵˲޹º֣µˣʬڳϣֱѻʳɾ
ʿӳʱ򣬳ӿϵˡʱӿϣһμʱĴȸ鲻ˣüεŭ˶Ҵ
ӿǰŵʱ䣬ƧҲһЩ˸еˣаһսѧԺˡղֲӿ죬ڳ䳡ҲøӦˡ
СҶӡȺһУڶۼ⣬ŵվڵŵԱߡϸһ˴·ȻѾưܵĲӣǻܴӻɫжҶʵɡ
ģˡСĺܣֱСǿ˵ǻүڴ˵ôʿż˷ҶһĹУں˵
㻹˼˵Ҷĺ£Σյʱܵñӻ죬ҶʶûӦһһ̵ľͲˡʱ䶨ˣֵܳ˵
ǲӦøһǵĹλǶİɡӿһ˪סսѧԺˣɽǰѹȶȥ
ӳϢŭȷʵǵ˲ԡŵģȫûйϵңҲѾΪΪ˴ۣΪ˽ٻҡսѧԺԺǰһסɽѹȰ⵽
ڳ˶ɵӣȽףղųз鶼һĿȻʱڱʵǣӿŭϺݺݵĽһư͡
Ҫɱ㡣ǰҶʻ֪ܵ꣬ʱһֻ˵Сޣ˻ҶʳȥղŵĲҲӦˣϤޱȣʱĿѡ
ʱս˾ͻҶʵǰݵҰսһƾͰ˳ĵɻȥһѪ˿ͼ
ڵϵ겻ģҪ
ӿŭˣϵĺ˪ʤһٶƣ浱ԼǺƢˡزӸҪⲻǵ˵
ӿɢԺĳ޷ԶƳһʵսʤѧԺԺǰһˣʦ
Сӣءӳ£˲С˹ңǰλҶյСѲҲûôսѧԺԺʱòͷš
ߡӿһջơȻҪѵһ¸ղǸεԼƵ꣬ѾԷܲܲ˼ӲҪһ߰ɡ
˭˵ûˣҶѾˡûͷѾСӵĳˡС̫Ƥ˰˾ҳʰһ١ҪӲ̱ˡڵãСӻҪ侮ʯҪߵλúңҾͲˡҲųˡҶһ飬˵ǻЩ˾ˡ
λСѣ˴ˡҴС㲻ˡսѧԺԺѹеĻӵû취кƧӿڲ࣬Ҳţοһ
Ǹ£Ҳ˰İģȻǸϲϡҶʵȻôˣĽĪľͰһᣬ˭ﶼ᲻ˬġ
㡭սѧԺԺҪŭͿӿͺƧͬʱǰһǿѹס˵ɤ۵ŭһǧҩǶĲˡ
˵սѧԺԺʹЯĴͳһҩҶʡ
ҶʽסҩĬĬĸӦһЩȷʵһǧҩ䣬ҲֱӶ׽¾ȥ
Χ˶¿ˮҶʰܼңƽĶôûˡҶʵģҲ˵ʲôֻðԸһ¡
սѧԺԺҲǿһ鴤СӵǶ԰


60 ؾۿ
ҶҩսѧԺԺһǹȥˡ
ò˵̫ˣ׽ҩҶֽſڵǴҪһǧҩҩã㿴ҳȥʲôӳûС
Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫սѧԺԺŭˣԼһ̣Էôߡ
ʲô̫һǧҩҳԶˣʲôЧûСҿҪһģеðɡҶʼʨӴ󿪿ڵ˵տͷֱӶǧҩüͷûգһ£Ҷ϶иõġ
ںƧӿҲҶҲ¶Էզˣи߸Ķŵġ
Ƨӿ춼˼ͷҲǵһδ򽻵ԷôԱǵһΡͬʱ̤ǰһԷʩѹ
ͷһʹͳһҩҲͶҶʣת˵ߡ
Ժͷʵû취ȥˣһǶ˱еʹǶˣ¼ѹƲסеĻʱͲǶˡʱһŪã˵ͻύ
ۼԺͷߵˣֵĶҶʣ׼ȷ˵Ҷҩҩ
һΣͨѪ죬һҲûֲӡƣƻáʱĳɢ㣬ŨĿҪϼˡ
ΧȺĶԼԼʸſˮצӡҶһƴצһģһӡ
ʵղҶʲǶʱںķ̫ԪЩ£ʱ˶ѡ˶ѣԼҶҲ̹װһشү
ΧȺҶһᣬһžͰζαҧŨ֭ҺζҲŨŵ˻ë׶˿ֻоȫ̹
ҶʳԵΧ۵ҲĿ򣬲סſˮﲻסҶʰܼңôԵô㲻ȥɵҩҲǿʵ̫ܼˣҶʵģҶҲѾԵˣҲûʲô˵ġ
˲ö֣û˶֡ԭҶʵļˣҶʵĲӡСҶ̫ɶˣղż˻ð죬ûйҲп͡
˵Ǻã˺ôͰѸ缸ˡһ˶ˣû˵ּһ㡣ղҶʳԵʱ򣬼˾ԱߣζҲ׵˸ˮ˺üġ
ڼ˴ֵʱΧ۵˼ûֿԿˣˡصǽ壬һЩ˵Ĺڡ
ӿԸ˸ϵʿúô͵˦ƹȥˡƧҲҶʼ䣬ǼȥʹѧԺתȥˡ
ҶʼҲֹͣ˴֣ҶЩ֣ôǶ⣬ȥˡ˼һİۣҶ뿪һᣬǳô鷳˶ûϳͿ߳Ľɫâֿ콵Ѫ
̨ϵĺƧʱˣսѧԺǱߵɫҲʮֵľʣһһ׵ģеĹǻ֪ġ
ƧҶԼƤӵ³ˣͷԼƴ;ÿ¡սѧԺȻЩϲܽѵСӣҲ֪ǵĹصģ°Ҷɱ鷳
˫ͬʱһıʱٱԣɿĸ˹
ҶʺٺٵɵЦû뵽Լͦ͵İųһᣬñˣ˼˽ʵʵһȭ
ߣȾȥʱûˡս˳ٺҶף¡
£һиҪ¡Ҷһ࣬ʲô¡ԭɵļ˶Ϊʲô¡
ҶתƨɣɿĳһưܵķСһ㶣ȻЦˡշɱȥҶȻ˫סƨɵӣ̫Сƨɽϴ¶Ƭѩ׵ƨɵӡ
ҶȻ·˲ţǵʱսţҲûע⡣ʱҶʵģնҶʳԶʳĲˬҲɢˡ
ûü˶ȣҶʾͻһ·˳
ǿݣЩˡƺһʵһˡ
һʱ򣬼ֻǳʶ㲻ǡһ˶ѾĶ졣뵽˷¸İ취ҲߵԽԽ
ڣǹĽ顣ڣǽģ͡
ĿݣҶʽӹһ٣˶ſ˳
ٿ⼸˶Եøʹ죬ֱҹ˲ŹѧԺȥ


61 
һֱȵҹĹĻѧУյҶʵķڣͷ˯ʲôƧһɶ֪ĸ޹ȥˡ
ҹҶʱˡҪ͸оѹʲôиζǿףҶѬ¡
ⸯζһ̼ҶʷЩ׾ѾҹˣҶʶһһ񺮡
غսһһҵԼߣ˵һһŶֱѹҶʵϣֲζоʲôѹšǸζԴ͸ҶʵˣصĴʹԼǰźһɹʪȵθʵĸ
ףԣʲôôоġҶʻŤԴֻſ˯ڴϣԼ˶ѹϡСûһĲʣҶ滳СʱʱСܡ
Ҷ˼˵Ͻ´ϸ£ãЩ⣬ûзʲôԽܵ顣
ҶһҪͻȻסˡڵķڣһ˫ӲǳĶҶʡ
ƧЩҪҶʣ˳֪ͨЩ顣ҵȾûҶϺõһ費֪˶ٴˮѾȲζˡƧʵסˣ̫ˮ˯˯ţҶʵķڡ
ҲûָʱҶʵ˻ţƧֻڷõһʱѵǣֹֿԺôôûƢƧѧԺʷϵĵһ˰ɡ
ãͿǰޱȻһĻƧҲȤĶҶʣûͦȤġ
𾪣ҶѸƽղ֮ûп΢侲ЩҶʿ˷еӰ
ٺٺ٣˰ҶڨڨЦţͻȻ֮ǰƧĽ
Ҳ᲻˼ټټƧ䲻ȵ˵ûʲô
Ҷ֪еŲסƧĲ²̬ȡһ˿סֲֻҶһˡҽ⼸˶ŷݣҶʲûôɵҲûôеţһһŴŵļ˹ȥ
Ƨ΢ЦſҶʣһһŵİ߹ȥҲûгֹ֪˰һ֮󣬷˸˯غսӵһ𡣼˼䣬ûת
ҶŭˣʱƧ֪˷̯һ¡˫ֲ˵Ƨ
һҹȥԶϼ߶߲ѵһͦͷ׵Ҳһͦ˯ϵ˶ʱһһɧҡ
˸Ͻ򵥵·վҶߣڨڨ˵Ժôˣû˯
Ϊ˵ȼСӣ̫Ĳ裬˯Ҳ˯ŰƧЦе˵
ԲסԲסˣⲻȶôȥĻɺͳأһΪǶԺĲ𾴡ڼ˵ʾ£֮ǰӲżƴƵս
սĻһڣҶʼ˾ﰵҪʵʵģû뵽˵Ҳô˳ҪԼˡޣʲôиԼˣȫԼˣҶʲҪ뵽
ˣǼˡӣ˵Ļ˭ţţƧڴ˼˵ĺսҭòС
Ȼ˲ڽͣʵࡣƧŵңʵ»ǸҶйϵ
ʲôϵҿ˵˰˵ʲôûɡҶһƧ˵Լйϵһ¾ͼˡͷϴһҲ˵ĺԼйϵԼƲˡŹãԼûʲôôʲôºԼйϵˡ
ˣЩĪĶˣĺйϵʲôǮ¡ƧһͷκѵĽ׿ǿˣҶʼֱһ鷳
ҺýҶûгʲô飬ȻĻɽϻ̵ͷƧһͷΪƧöҶпǷԽô˵˴ҹûȵ˲˵ŪԼ˯ţ֮Ҷʵķжš
˵Ǯ¾Ͳ¡̸Ǯ˸鰡СĸεڶͨͨءǮһж˵ҶҲЦָƽʱı顣
Ƨһװûû˵ڽ飬˫Э顣ΪԷ⣬֮ıκζϳһһΪıûй򡣡
аëǮĹϵҶʷ˷ۣЩˡ
㶮ƨ׶εıԱǶԷռơκζϳԽΪҪЮԷòöԷӦġƧһԵã˺ӿһȶԷĳ


62 ҿ׵İ
Ҷʼ˻ǷŰۣͷ˸Ѫͷҹ˯ˣΪ˵Щеû¡
ϵ˵ǶĿǰ׶ζǺܳԿġƧһ䡣
ż˻һΪȻı飬ƧһҹϢ˻޶ԡһƽʱúϿεģֻҪ΢㶼֪ζʲô
ʱЩ߰ĶԴϡΪʲô֪ʱ׬˲٣Ҳ˲ֵĶƧ˵ƣһ仰תˡ
ƧҪߣҶʼҲûҪȺƧߺ󣬼ֵͷ˴ϣҶҲȥС֮ڷеϢǲȥˡ
һҹΣܿ͹ȥˡ峿ѧԺƧļơ
ʱѧԺе˾;ۼˣҶʼ˰ҹŪѹ˯ĸŶ飬ȥ
䳡ſڣ˸պͬʱʱֺ֪ĶΪԼ˵ġ
սѧԺԺͷɫܲÿܶ˶ǷǮƵáǿҶʵʱǻͣĳ鴤Ȼ챻ҶƭȥĳλЩۡ
ҶҲŶԷŶԷЦЦҪിжôĴ顣ǵսѧԺԺһ󴵺ӵ۵ģһͷŤһߣ۲ĲڰԾСӵĻָ쿴ôңˡ
ҶƿߣŶԷȺ챻Լ겻棬ҶЩȤҪЩӵġҶʷһֵǾǲҲڹ۲Ŀ⽻ӵʱԷͲȻƿĿ⡣
ƧЦĸȻƵãսѧԺͷǺһͬʱͷȥ
µıеĸĿ죬һʱһ־ͽˡǿ죬оЩĵʲôҴӲ׶ˡħĹâǲʱ֣Щͳ쳣ǿҵƷֱ̨ˡ
սػԵĶʵ̫ǿϳͲԷ׼߿ĻᣬȥһȭѧҶһžͰ˵Ķ̨ȥ
˫䳡ڳԹ˺ƧͶ˵İʱ͵ķˣϢͽ˵ڶֵıԡ
ǩĽˣҶʳ鵽һа°ѡ֡°һƵĻۣһӦþħʦˡ
Ҷ֮ǰϢʱҲ˼ֲ˾ߴߴ߶ħʦҶʸӡ
˼ħʦıҶʾ;ЩȤȺħʦ˹빻Զ߹ŵĵطʩ⣬ĲСֱֽһƾˣأһֱħѶֺȥ
һ˫ħʦıҶʹǷġʼ˫Լͬ˵˱̨һǣȻʼƴȻӾЧһЩŮԹڼʱ䳤˾ЩȤˡ
ҶʿҪ˯ŵʱ򣬾ʵˡľڵԪͬʱеķȡߣӣŤһ𣬺ͽͷåû˶˹ȥ
Ҷʰ䣬ԱҶʵ֣Ͻ̨ҶʼĴ˫֣ʹ˱̨
Ҷ̨վΪֵİ°Ż̨ӡ°ƤڣֻҶʵĲӣӪһҶʶ˼ˡ
Ҷʴע⣬һʼʹȥһŰѶԷȥӮˡʵǣƤӵĶУƤӲùȭô
ԿʼԱĻ䣬ҶʾֵҰǰ˹ȥʱҶʻڿǵҪöСûѶԷȥԷЦûԷˣҶĬĬÿ¶ԷС壬ҡҡͷ
°ҲǷӳ٣ϵҶʻֱӳһԾ쳣ӯҶʶ̲ס̾˾䡰Ǹ
廹ڿûصİ°Ƥķɿ죬Ѹ߶һȻҶɵˣ廹ûصİ°ôķ˿С
Сҿ׵İɡӻô򡣡ҶɵˣһԹսĲµ
еİ°Ҷֱ׳ķ̰һҡβ̨ΧѧԺѧԱҲϽŤͷװʶʵ̫ˡ
ҶϵĳԾ鲻٣ҶλҶͬѧôʳ⣬ѵûεô
ֻҪξӦ֪İɣ˵ĳʶˡһϵħʦֻҪĽ׾ܹʩչħƯСͶ׾ܹշһһ־


63 
ûףԼѧԺ䵱еʦ˵
ҿ⻹ûסĻĺĻҪͶߡҶʲˣ⻹ô档
ѧԺĲҲͷĺߣҶҲ̫˰ɣ²ò͵ħʦĽײѧƯûס
ҿħܲѧҶȻ˷ħľ棬֪ܵš
ѧԺʦоЩģ̫ˣСӲ֪˾շ
Ϸŵİ°ûҶʺһһ׼˵ĻҶȥͬʱ촽΢нӶĳһ
ҶˣڳϷŲŰ°ĹȻûߣҲһֻбܴԼԼűˣô档ҶʻûгԹĿվֻ򣬲ֵġ
Ҷץģ鷳ꡣͻȻŵĴ۾һˡ˵ûйô֮ǰҲ㲻Ϸ˰ɡ
ʱҶʲϺƧ֪ͨ˵飬ֲ˵ʱҶ죬Ͳ׷ƧˡƧôĲҪȻȡôһ
ҪǱƧ֪ҶʻⱧԹҪĴӵ۵Ĳɡܹô˵ʱ򣬼һνͲԼջĹмһ˵ӣûйĹ
ȻԺЩ߰ĶҲûͣĶϵħһͳӣһǺƧЩʱģһġ
˿ҶȰĴ˻ȥԺĺðΪȡĸ⽻ԼĴӦòɡ
ҶЦĴ˴ӣһ͡Ծӵײ͡õĽҶϵıʮַḻΪʲôöⲻһ·洦ɼСʯôԵûƧҶʵľһСʯӡ
ȻЩգһСʯܱûеĺáôһĿ꣬ӦܴеİɡҶͳһСʯӣ־ϵİ°궪ȥ
ССʯӹŽɫԪֱ°꣬һ⣬ƿ
УУУҶʶСʯӣвͣ߶š
ԭİ°Ҳɵһ㶣ĿСʯԼģ⿪ЦİɡСʯͷ˶Ҫˡ
Ҷ°ע£СʯӴӰ°߲һʧʡҪ˵ˣ°·ûвСҶЩգҲ̫׼˵㡣ϵİ°ȻûбУǱʯӻһȦòȶסֲ̧¶ͷ亹
°еˣǿޱȵļһһͷޡ㿴ʮĺֶһʯӴƷɵôûаɣ˾͸ɲ°
°걻סˣһǸԼһħǿҵħܣԭϵϰθࡣ촽⶯߳µħ
ԭʵպҶɻ̧ͷһһƬīƲ;ۼԼͷϿգ°ﻹûнϵĺƾԽԽ͸ĲҲԽԽҡ
ҶʼˣеҪСӲҪһӰԼ˵˰ɣϺصÿҪƣ͸ĲҲҪһƤİ
еСʯӽӶȥǮҶʵ׼ͷȻ˵̫׼ʤడһʮʮһٸһеİɡ
˵鼱֮ѹɵǱˣ׼ͷҲԵʯͷʱڰ°껤ħϣħܱ淺˲ƣˮһ
ЯҶʾʯӴħܣ˰°ϡ߶İ°겻ʱƺ˵Ĺ졣СӶԱ˺ݣԼҲݡ
ӲǿסҶʵĹһֱûжϡһʯӣħܡٶԼǴ˰°촽һ°ʹֱ³˴Ѫʯͷݡһ˵©磬ϺƲҲһҵķɢ
°귢ˣԽԽ߰ԪҲӴˣҪݺݵĸҶһĽѵ
ϺƣһһĲţҪҶʵͷˡҶ°ͬʱҲһ˿ĵǣĳ󰡣õôﶼѹԼˡ
ʱƧĴеСʯѾˣҶͳһҶҲˣת˼£һС̫˵ȻӲ⹥ͺˣ̶ֳȵĹӦûûвԼ첻ʯͷѰ°СףСүͲҶ


64 Ѿ
Ҷֱͳһѣʯͷе㲻һͷҶҲûȥоʯͷһһһԵ־ϵСڹȥ
УУУҶ⣬ûžӵġһѶȥûһյģȫˡ
䡱䡱䡱䡱
ҶɵˣεĺʲôʯӡһߵҲͷŤҶһߣԼĴӣϻһѣҲɵˡ
ʲôްô͵͵Ĵӳ͵Ļӣƽʱըɽ·õġ𿴸ͷ󣬾Ҷϵһըƽһǧ׸ߵĴɽҶʴʱĶϴ಻ıҶʵĶĬˡ
žС°˲ˤʹֻУҲ֪ǱҶըĻǸˤġʱİ°ڣպסϵҪ¶˴Ƭһļ϶ദط΢΢ףһ׵Ķ쿴ԭˡ
СѾû˸ռʱˣ׵㳦һ죬¶һȱһĴһ߲Һţһ߳ӵöҶʡ
ԷӣҶˡ˵ĽѾȥѾȥһ򣬵Ź㰡˿ʣ´ĺʯͷҶʿޱȣеõôõĺʯͷ
ҶҪºСʱϻδɵħ䡣ʧȥ˰°Ԫ֧ϵĺƾҵķšƲ㷭ҵĦۼһһ޴ͷˡ滹ûɵ۳ΣͻȻըˡ
̨µͬʱɫ˺һ޴ԪӾͰƲ棬ֹˡ
̨ΧûˣͷźƵҶȴ˵׵ľͱըˡ
ԪڷɳʯȫˡһĻˣֻŰƻƵСȴ˾̨ϵˡ
̲סҪγȥ˵ʱŨһԾˡһû¾ͺã˶򼺷ϲ㽻
̳ɢȥڿڵԭȵı̨ˣڵϳһ׵ӡСӵһǣϵһħһ˸ǡ࣡һˡ
Ҷһߣ֮ǰһôӣһץʯͷơʱеĴѾûˣʣһƲץŵĺʯҲˡ飬Сòȥͷڸֱлðһ̡
ҽ첻ʰ㡣ҶŭˣʱͰ°ûʲôˣҲǺСˣݶǺڵġ
Ҷһͳ嵽˰°ǰһץ˺СŭݵĵŰ°꣬һĺڻȫ飬Χ۵Ⱥоһ󻬻Ҷ̫ˣϳΣζЦϲϰ
Ѿɣ
Ѿݣ
Ѿڣ

˵һҶʾһƣһֱ˰°ʮҶʲ΢ĽʱڵݶҶʸˣո߸ߵͷˣֱڵķˡ
°ˣղֲ£Ҷʳ˿һ⣬ȻûˡҪ֪ղԼʹһرŵסһ٣ⱣõĶȻôϡͿõˣ°ĶڵѪ
ʱҶץУ°͸оǱһͷŭץסˣˡԼϸ첲ϸȵĿɾҶڣһעͰԼ˰ɡ
ҴˣúͰҵһƨһ˰ɡ°ˣҲӲˣǵҶʲˡ
˵˾ͷ˰ôһ磬㵱ƨһˣҸѰҶ˵žָһơ
úҰɡҲˣҲҷˡҲˣˣԺúСèƵáҲˣҲû취ôڵİ°Ŀˣסøš
ҶŵĺߣҲ̫ûй˰ɡҪǶԷӲȥҶҲٴ򼸰ȻͰˡڿŶԷôҶԼöԼôҾǱһŪġ
ôôĶأֱǶҵ衣⳥ҵʧҾͷ㡣ҶҲЩȤ׼թһʾͷŹ˶Է
Ӣۣ㿴ǮôʲôûˣձѴϵĻˡ޷İҲûֵǮĶˡ°˵رһʹ޵ĸˣǱҶ۶ŮƵá
˭˵ʲôûˡ˾ҪˡҶʿ°ϳ˻һȣȷʵûжˣһѾͶ˰°еķȡ


65 һȺ
ΨһһõĶҶʸˣ°޵ĸˡ
ô㲻Ը⣬һ١°޵ҶʷȭͷҪ¡
Ը⣬ȻԸ⡣ҶҪ֣°漣Ŀᶼ˻ȥҶʿһ治ѣ˲Ű
ҶһѰѰ°궪һߣתͷ˲УһӦӮ˰ɡ
˵ʵпҶʶеÿαŪ߰ģڻȻٶ֡˶ûʲô°ǲҶΪսѧԺĲȻ˵ɫѿҲֻװû
ҶʵѯʸսܣеĻشͬʱеҶˣŪΪá
ԼʤˣҶһԾ˸ղŪӡûףعϲԼˣתˡ
ɱҶ̲סԹˣűΣζŪһ·ǽ·ȳԼӵҲǰ޹˺˰ɣ˼ҵĺӼֱȲ𰡡·Ǯһ󸺵˸ġ
ʱҶʾȥʱһɾ·װ׾ģҲˢðװ׵ģ֮ǰӵʱǱ
ʵҶɳȥ˺ܶ飬ܻѧԺڷϴ˸軻һɾѡȻȥ˳һ̣˰°ħȥ·꣬һ˼·˴Էһʱװϰֵúϲ졣
ȥ̵ʱ򻹷һСϰԶûʲôħʦΪԵҪѹͷȵļǮҶʿϰ嶢ס˷ȶ˵ħʯͲƿ֪ǸöͲɿڣ͵ϰ忳ۿ˰졣Ҷʵûа취ˣ˵˳˵ҪеĵˣϰһȻʹóһǧöңɹֻħȡ
Ҷһˬˬûص䳡ڣѸٱۼļ˶סˡΧҶһɾζΪʲôܵñӻˡϴڽϱˣ˽ͷϮ˰ɣ뵽⼸˾̲סҪЦ
Ҷһ˵ı֪Щʲô²ĵû£ЦЦţܣױЦ֮ҲҲһҵĴ
ܰԲЦ²塣ŶǸûǷˣִһСϽЦݣάҶʡ
ԣǶΪˣдһСսҲϽű̬ǿûڴ֮ͥ¶ϰߡ
ˣֱˡǵıô˰ɡҶͻȻʲô
СҶӣô˵˸˰ɡȻ˵ǲͣǺôҲһǿǡôˣǵķͷ԰ɡսˣܵ衣
ô˵ǶӮˡҶеʧ˵ǵģǻղЦô
ǣȻûŪôĶǺôҲӮ˵ģ˵ǰɡսҶʵĻ⣬Ťͷһߵ˵
ǣֶûлֵĻͱǸſˡҲմմϲ֡ӮıҶɶˣ˵Ҳʮ졣
ʲôܱȿƻޱȵҶԿԼɼءҪǽҪ˶ҶһȥȾˣǳĶҶ˵һ˳ԣ롣
ʵ˻ûϳʱͿҶֳĶһѻӶȥûмܵˡغսۼ⣬ҶеĴӣϳ˾ǵġΪ˻ǳȥҪ˼
ϳֱͳһȶһѵĳȥʵֱӱը̨ʧȥսʵǿӲƾĻԪΪ˼˵ĵһǼһͳ˺üֵˡĶ̫޳ˣûһ㹫ƽľ򰡡
ǿ˵һĹҲʮֵľ޴Ȼڿͳ˼ʱֱת̨ˡӾͺñȻƨƵã¶һӾͱΪҪĶһ𶪹ȥ˽һˡ
ԴˣʱڳҶȻǲ֪ȻһǳıӼ˵ģȻҶҲǶʵ̫ˡֱΪרоһʹֲķʶ˵Ҫж෽ֱɱ˷ŻӼеıرƷЧǸܸܵģ˭˭֪
еķɿ죬Ϊ˶ѻ׼ˣıͨˣʮ̨ӵĵһˡ
Ϊ˹ϵҪãߵñȽϽɶϳһֱˣһĶӡǹڻǲѧԺͳһĳƺΪһȺˡ


66 ʿ
Ҷ⣬ѧԺֻһɱΧǾ֮Ҷ顣ӵǳҲˣܸ˰˿ĸ簬סԭҪѵҶ뷨ֻգ˳Ŷ԰Щľǰá
һͷ𷢵Ӱ⣬Էĸнʸ˫͸պøˡ
ɲֱӳǩѡֶԾʱ˳˳Ҷʸպö˰ףҶ飬սأԷҲպӽսĳǩ˫ԺҲ̲סüͷһ˵ѹԷģԼڲͽġ
һҶ밬ΨһĵһֲսĶԾ˳ֳաҪȾͽмսҶò²ģڿ϶ˡ
ҶһԾ˱̨վһǡ˫ָ߾٣˹ϯԭתһܡԤеĻû𣬷ͳһĿЦҶˣԼ֮ǰıûεԼҵӡ
ҶʣϳҪ͵ࡣʰϣ˹ɡ
Ҷۼ⣬Ҳʹ˹ϯϵۣ׺˧ĸҶʵļһǼһ̫ˡԹļĸǱúͷƵáϣײҪŶ־ͺˡ
ҶͷߣԼҲ˧ĺòãʲô񰡡˵ˣֻҰŪúͷһûҲͦҵİ
Ҷּ֣ˡһõ΢Ц΢棬Ƕյů˵
ʹϵҪ˾͸ϽȥǲܶġҶʿŰ׵ɸջˣ͸ӡҶסˣϵĸԼǰ˿ĸ磬
Ҷŵİ˿ʱվڱ̨µȺСҶʣֿ簬ף˵ľᣬС춼߸ߵˡ
ǺǣҶ˵ЦˡǼ֮ǰһԵ֣ʱֻҶִкѣû뵽ҶֵᡣȻʧЦ΢ЦĽ͵
кûҪˣǻûϤǸ̶ȡǿԿʼ˰ɡҶʲ׵ʣһתŵе˫Ժ
˫Ժתͷף׵ͷʾ⡣˺һӣ̨һŨĻ̨֣ϵĸ˸˹
վ̨ϵҶֻеų̋ϵ̱̨Ӻ޵Ҷʿð棬Ǿ̨ΧЩСһЩļֱ֮
Ҷ֣Ǿֵ¼¡׻ǳʿҶһơ
ֻ׵Ļ䣬ŵΪĳһ޴ķµħħɢҫ۵Ĺֻоһǿҵİ׹ħʧˡԭƾճһƥ׵ͨѩûһ˿ɫ˫ᡣһԾ˹׳ľ޽
̧˳ңָҶʣʿףս
Ҷʿһ㶣Ⱜ֮ǰսǿġһֱһܵĵ֣ǴһվҲûмٻ˵ģʱİֳ׳Ļƽ޽һƥѩ׵ǼġҶʳ˾Сصù֮⣬ҲЩˡҪԼҲôһƥ֣ǻͷʲϸߵˡ
ûҶʶ룬Ѿɱ˹̽ԵĹеĳ߸߾𣬽ϸַ˸һǾħӳֹı
Ҷֱͳǰȥͬʱ²ĲʸĴһߡ
ҶʶĻӣ֪ûһľţϵҶʻôˡŵıģСͺͰһȻ˵ûܴͨﵽԵĵزǼԵҲ֪˫һɢɵĹԣһħܾγ˰밬ܲ͸İ档
ħܼӳɵһһȥƲֱҶʣӲҶʶӡ
䡱һҵıը䳡һȫ˫Ŷʱʧϡ
ӱը˴ĺɫỤ̃谭˰׵ߡеĳݺݵ˵ϣȻҶľͱܿˡûôˣӲı̨ҳһӣʯɽҵ̨ĻһҡΡʯͷˮ㣬ˡꡱꡱ졣
Ͷ㿪ҶҲͫһ￴ղ¹ײûóʵҶҲˣĶĻӣҪöԷͷӡ
Էµ׵Ļˣ²ҶʸӦõԷҲĽ׵ӣԼаͬһġղֻƾһ̵ôƻ
ҪǶԷһһﶼȫԸµʲô̶ȣԼ൱ͬʱĽʿĺɱ


67 һ
Ҷ֣ǿԺúõľ˰ɡһգҲ⡣µ񿥵ͨתӣһһҶʡ
ǿҶȻԷǲò϶ԷʵҶԤУܻԼĿǰǿľС
Ҷ֣롣̧еĳңָҶʣʩһʿ
ҶûдҲ˫ֱȭŰ΢΢Ĺ˹
õҶʵĻӦµĻ顣ͨŨİɫԪŰҲ˰ɫԪһһԪų⣬߽һ𣬰׹ͬʱеĽɫҲȾһƬףϵĶˣһһӽϷ˳ӡΧա
ҶҲûбɫԪֱӴͷֱԲһԵĲѹնŤˡ
ߵƶﵽ۷壬ͬʱжˡٶʵ̫죬ֻоǰһ˾Ѿһλá
Ųſ˵뻮һĻǣͬһʱˡϡһ
ղ˶ƾ˵ٶѹƶԷͬһʱ˶ԷеĽɫ޽˺ѿռݺݵҶʣͬʱ˼ٶ̫켸һͬһʱ俳ҶʡµҲǰ裬ǰ߸Ȼ̤Ҷʣ˰׿
Ҷüͷ΢壬ɫȭͷ죬˰ľ޽ڽӴ޽ͬʱȭͷСΧ˼Σû˰׵ĹӣݺݵóԼ̤㡣
һغϵĽУҶʺһ޵еƣȻԵȴֲӶ֡ɫƮɢòɡ
һߵİȴ΢΢üˣղǺµͬһҶʣȻû˵Էһ˿һʱµһҡΣױɫСһͬµͨ˲ô¡տʼƽֵĵһν֣ʵѷɫһ
̤һֻǰ㱻ҶʵĳȳУʱȹؽڴһƬףѾŵˣ΢΢̧ڵϡղžͻȻоһǰȲŴϵİһҡΡ
һ㶣ĹۿһԾκٶ̫죬޷˵һغϽֺԭվΪǸƽ֡ͻȻˣһȻҶСӻֻǻᶪӣ˸ȡ⣬Щµ
ҶӺģǻûԹءǶԳԤˣӦûžˮսֵģҶռϷ磬޹˼ɵø
˭˵ˡֻҪǶᣬԣҿῴһۡô˼ɡŶԣҺһһֻˣʾҲҪ򡣲һԵһĲƣϸĿˣԼεذһսϡ
лûүˡҵķݣϷˡŲűүһڻⳤǶûóԡһкôͲ֪ˡҲҪķݡ
Уһ޾ͺˡβΣ㿴㳤ö񡣡ԭԵͬĶ˵
˵ʳޡˣʲôŲҷ˰ŭˣȻôġ
һı飬һ㲻㱾ǵı飬ʳ׵ķˡа쵰ͳһսߣԼ򲻹
Χ˶ˣֱǻܺҶǻߵһĻ쵰̫ḻ̫ˡǵһغϵĽ֣˫ûóȫʵѹ׵ĵƶûһȺ˺޾ѾҪԱ˵ˡ
Χ̨ۣ֣϶Ծ˶ûȥǡȫעĶŶԷ˫һѰŶֵ
һСˣߺħʦһûײܷɡղѾһƥͬ׵ѾǲôƽˣĹƽһսڿǲܵˡһƽûӦΪ˶ʲô
׿µ˫߲ʵĹââס˵ǰȣץʱơʧˣǲҶʵһ̫ԵˡоԼߵĸͲһˣǲĲɽ
ŶҲڴǸղӵĻ׾ˣղŸ߿㡣ϣ㲻ҪʧҶӴЦûһ˿̻崺磬֪Щʲô
ģʧˡϣܼǿȥҪʧźáҲ΢ЦҪǻϣ֪˻Ϊཻѡ


68 ʿ
ѣҲڴɣжûȫԸսˡĸſµᣬڸ˵ӡ
ɫ˳ͷ˲䰬׵ĴȣȻŤͷҶʴһǡ׵˫չһɫĹɢ˫Ĵһһôڿշ
Ҷļˣ˫չܴ˷裬ӿֳɫĹƲʣֱ̫λˡŪһƥӼֱ
ϵİýһų̋תһȻصԭء
ղҫֻϣ㲻Ҫ⡣Ͳó½սȴأиܷӳơϵİ׹ž޲ҶΪǰ˵Լ
ڰ˵ֱòʧӮҶҲʹ졣
Ҷʱɫˣʱ˲üʰˡԭΪѾְѶԷ⣬ӰԷʵķӡûϵʿʵۿۡҶʺһ⣬Էǳ˳ǳװεġ
ʱڱ̨ƵһܣҶʿ˺ܶ⡣ԷڿѸޱȣڵ֫ŵصʱˡϵˣڿе˵㲻ʲôˡ
ҶжʱǷ˼׸Ҷֱ֮Ӳεٶȿ쵽˼£Ҷʴ֮¶ӳͱʵʵĸײˡ
̹Ҷʱͷ΢öͷʵʵײҶʵϣ顱һҶʱײ˳ȥͬһʱ䰬еľ޽ϷתԪΧųҵתţ˵ע³ݺݵڿյҶͱ˹ȥ
Ҷʴ󺧣ոͷײе΢΢ѣΡǿѹԺеѣθУһ챮תͱĳ
Ҷʱǰιײɣʵʵײ˱̨ϵĻϣȻ˵档վҶָ΢΢Ļ˻ԴŽղŵѣθиûͻȻоұЩ⣬ԭղұۺͰгĶԺ£Ѿȫˡ¶ȳƵұۼ⣬Ⲣǿŵ¡ֱ۳͡
һһһҲûռˣеķŰһҡΣǺһǸղײһԼҲԵ˿ͷ׸ǽĶҶ¶ұۣûʲôرģͷս˵ĺˡ
ôһˣֻͷײˡұӲԼƵһֻǰѽˣϲûܵһ˿˺ۡ
̨µĺС°꣬Ѿ˺ܶǮҪȥҶʰȥħġһĻϽͷһֱС߶ޡħǺ󣬵ҲҪȥʹˣҪȥŭޣ˺ô졣
ž̼ӳֵľȲҶʣҲͲӲӲǼֱԼĶ̴ȥֵĳͷʲô¶ûУһаʽģԼԼŪˡ
˫һŰѸޱȵĳҶʡ
ҶʾûȤΪʲôϲⰬ׳˳úÿ֮һǴֿսص˼ϸ塣ҶʿһһҲûȭҡ
ϡһ죬һĻǣҶʵȭͷͰеĳɵġ
ҶЩɻˣеľûдһߣҶաСҶʰ뵽ЩˣĶֲ˼
ҶʣҶĿѸٵתͷһҶʳ֮ǰһһһӡ
Ҷûж룬Ϊһһٶȼӿ죬ѾҶʵĽǰҶʶѾܹодĳ͸ıɱˣҶʶ룬ȭ˹ȥ
ϡͬһ죬һǡҶһҶĸ߿תͷֳɱ˹ͬԭһһһӡ
Ű׳̵ٶԽԽ죬ܿģӰӣֱͻһ׹⣬ڿгȥ
ϡڶ϶һƬǷŭ˵ƴĴ
̨ϻĽۿ˳ԽԽľҶǵǿᣬҲе۰еĳٷĳôһĶ֣ܼĿ£±ҲҪ˰ɡ
һһԽԽ죬ҶʳֻҲԽԽ졣ѾֲһǺܶˣҲ̨ϵκˡΪ춼һһ̺İɫӡĲ̨Ͽա


69 ͬ޵
Ҷڸое㲻ԾˣԽ䱸ȰɱҶʻô⣬ӦΪ֮ǰѾ˽ϴ˵ѪɫУѾ̹ӰĳɱҶʲ⣬ӦǵӦ֡
ʱҶʸоԾΪӰӡõģҲ˽˵ֻ΢Ĳһһӡϵӡǣ͸ĲȻ䱾˵Ҳ΢ҲԶԶǿ˴ŪӰ
Ҷʻûô⣬ϰĲɱٶʵ̫죬ҲûʱȥġʱӰ͸ĲʮֵĺˣҶʲź֪ϵˡԼˣѾˡȻûڰ׵׼׶δҶü
ڿͣʱİ׿ӡΧ½Ѳִʥַ
Ҷ֣Сϵİɫе԰ףЩϸ΢ղŶҲС൱ƽû˿Ĳ
䣬ЮӡһҶʡڵԪ߶˼£гͷ˳Ľ̨ϵĻܶˣ˺졣ͬһʱҲˣֲԪ͸ƥ⻯ˡ
ҶʶӰԼⶼȵĽ۷ΪȫһˣǵôһҶҲҪСĽοԱ߻һһ͸ѹԼ൱Ľ۷ʿȫһ׼ȷ˵Ľ۷ʿȫһ
Ҷʵɫһ˲ޱȵѿҲû֮ǰˣɫ԰׺Ԫĵİеһƴ
˲ʲôӣҲ˲ʲôѿˡҶʵһʱ˲ӣһ׹һöСúָ׸һСĹǡ֮ǰҶҪôǾûҪòϣҪôǱʿڳбƵáӦǰٺòˡ
Ҷעһ˿ԪѸٱ󣬼䲻ݷҶʵϡҶϹǵ˲䣬Ӱ׺ȺͬʱҶʡ
ϡһ죬˶Լͬס˶䣬Ҳв˵ĶѪ˿
ӰʧˣֻʣҶİסʱ˶ǱסˣӼٵΧ۵˶ؿڷһĲ
û˵һֻǰɢŨİ׹⣬̤գص̤ҶʵϣеĿһҲҶʵļͷ
ҶϵĹ˸һɫĹΣҶ׻˳ȥһڽɫѪҺӿͬһʱ䡰Ĺ̤һֻǰֳȻҲ˳ȥűϵİһˤ˵ϡϡһص𣬰س˱̨ϡ
ڶݵĳ֮Ȼˣıʵ̫̼ˡĳԸ߳ϡҲ۾ĶסҶϵĹǣҪʲôرղҶܵĹɫ۵Ĺռ˾󲿷ֵĹͣôҶЩȡ
⻹ų̂꣬ܲӹ̨̱ķľҵ˸𲻶һųҫ۵Ĺâ˵ǰεðããһƬȻҫ۵ʱͻȻˣ˵ǰظ̨ϵķĶʧˡ
ꡱꡱڶ̵ı̨˵ǰһѺۡѺԽԽ̨࣬ܲÿһ䡣䡱һ̨˷ɻңҳӳֵģ֪֤˶Ծı̨̨涼ѪȾ˰ɫı̨˳Ӵ˳Ϊʷ
Ҷӣû°ɣص˵ǡ⻹ǵһοҶʱȻ˵ԷҲʮֵǱ
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Ҿ˵Ҷ޵ˡҶӼͰһųԿءŴһ
У㻹˵Ҷ¶군ˡһĻѻҲ
ˣСҶȻڿôǳֱ֮ǻһسϵװﶨİͦʹõġսڵϷҲȷʵЩǵķ

ҶˣսںԼЦʱȷʵͦŤģ̫ӰԼĸߴ͵ˡ
һߵֻǰצסԼͺԼЦһͨ죬۾гһ϶ˣ廹һһġɵӶ֪ЦҶʸˡ


70 벽
ȥἸ˵֣Ҷת˰ס
ǿղҳϴˣУĵģǲġҿɲʲôˣʲôѹ׵ı¶ϿóɣȻûлˡҶʱ⼸ˣ¶ŵұָŰס
ս̲סЦ˾ЦֲЦƢŹֵҶʱŭˡ
Ҳѹ˻Ц˵ҶʱŸɫĴǡʵ̫סҶʴӣֻ֫Դ¶档ôôһֱ˾ˣ˻ѧֱ壬֮¶ˡ
Ҷ֮ǰһֱûмͲ뵽˻ַӳִֵʱѾˣҶҲͻȥ˲Ҫ
һߵİҲվѹڷڵѪųҪԴģѣ˾ɡԼӦ
˵ΪԲģΧֳһ޴ħ𽥵Ĺ⻯ʧˣʧǰǵ׵ġ
˶Ϊǿͬ׵ôǿģսѧԺͬѧҲôΪǳҵĸĸΪ˶֪ʵǿڵԵеʱֻΪڸһӡڽʲô
ƽһս׵Ƹǿѹ죬һ㶼ѷɫҶʡ
ֱӴԭʧˣٴγ־ѾҶʵĽǰŰ׹ȭͷ˺գݺݵҶȥ
ҶֻǰһȭͷԼȻľڶԷٶȣǲûšһ˫ɫȭͷӭȥס˰׵ȭͷ
ȭͷϴģѵСҶת֮䣬ԼסȭͷͻȻһɾҶֱӱ˳ȥڵϻԶһĹ֡
Һøղ̨飬˾ֵʱ򣬺Ƨ˾ɢΧ۵˫ѧԺȻһ²֪Ҫж֮֡
һ֣ˣִԭʧˣֱӳҶʵǰʱҶʲŸոͣ׼ԷĳһԼˡҶֻüܳ˫Ӳһȡ
顱Ӳ˰һŵҶʱߵø߸һջʵ̫ˡ
Ҷʶ룬еİʧˡŸоһɾеҶʾԱȷӿʮٶ˵档Ҳ֪ǰֱӳԼϷȻԼĺ󱳺ݺݵĸһš
䡱䳡һҡΣҶһܽӴҳһ޴ӡʯ̳
ľԭһֱ·İסʧȥƣӵǿƣȻܷΪѹҶʴ򡣻öԷûƢû˿Ļ֮ͬʱԼҶʱȽϣҪǻԼҶܰİ׼ι
𡣡žı䳡дһȣһʯֱ̳ŰȥǷŭ˵ҶôĴӵ¿ٳһʯ
ɫ䣬Ҳûκζ˼һȭžʯȥʯֽ⣬ʯͷɢɽ
һƺߴɰİѪ˳ȥ
ղҶʶ˾ʯ֮͸߸Ծ𣬶˾ʯ֮¡׳ִ˾ʯҶץס϶һ˰׵ؿڣ˳ȥ
ɳȥİִԭʧˣһֳҶǰ쵶ҶʡҶҲ޾壬һȭ˶Էȭཻ׳ʹԭʧˣϥǹǵľҶʵײȥ
Ҷϵ˶ԷôײԼϮϥǡ
˾ôս˭Ҳ˭ĴӰŤ˵档գǱɱﵡ
˽ֵٶԽԽ䳡Ԫ˽ˡ䳡˲ϵƻѾӣʱʯɽڵϴһӶ
Ҷڳˣ˲Ʒˣж˺գƺˡٶȾˣƾ˵ٶڼ䲻ݷܿҶʵıɱһ̬ӯޱȵĴݡ
Ҷʴ˻ȭȭǴ޻ɱƵҪѪⰬ̫ˣԼҪ졣Ȼѹһͷȴ϶Էٶȣоӡ
Ҷǿ侲Ȼ޷϶Էٶȣвһ˿ŭ𡣽ľöԷĲмѭٶҲ·ôˡܸ϶ԷٶȣԽԽ˳֡
ɫ䣬ҲĳоǰҶʴʱǺϵˣ徹ȻƯһߡ
벽ףսѧԺԺҲɫ䣬û뵽ԷȻô츳ꡣѵһѧԺĴﵽףҪѹսѧԺһ
ƧҲվӣȻԾȴսѧԺͷȻͬг˸ˣԷһҪѹ˰


71 ллҵĽѵ
ʱҶʴһ״̬п飬ûһ˿㴿͸ϣִƶΧҶ˸
Ƿһ㲻ϳҶʣʲôȺʧˣ״ħе㲻ģʹǱҶѹŴʱ򶼲йһ˿ľʱľˡ
׵Լߣܶ鶼ܹһľ΢ϡشĸҲʮֵУһֱԼͬеһ׵ʿ
Ҫ֪֮ǰܴﵽķΧҶʵˣתҲѣô˵ҲܹﵽķΧһףǾȫͬˡ׵ʿشԼĵּ̧գɽ¡һؿôɺƾԾѷס
˵֮ǰħʦ߶ǴôһޡǶΪף֮׼֮ʿż
ȻʿףһδߵԵɱ䣬ֱ۷廯شôøģܶʿһֹĽ۷壬۶ôŬ޷ǵհ֮ջһѻ
ʱҶʽһ״̬УֻһžܽˣһΪۡ԰׵Ĵܴƽʱκʱ򶼺򾲵ֻ֣һˣһ־ǶԼžԵžԵĵǺߣԼŵԸžԵš
ҲΪ׵ţҶʽսһֱԵ򶨴䲻ҲΪ׵ţԲڿҶںԼĶԾ׵ļ󷢿ˡ
ðܱƣоԼ˱˵ԵʯΪ˱˵̤壬ӵĳȫҶһĸİ˵Ĵˡ
һδεĳҶʣڿҪĿǰڰ벽׵Ҷһ¡
뷨õģʵǲпġҲûмҶôƶһƮƮĲκε̻Ϣ
ûκεûκεԪƽʱȥôȻ⡣
׻ǰӱĵ˳ȥؿڶԵݡ
״𣬳ʹ࣬״ħͷɫķ˿衣סӣǰ˻ķɶꡣ
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һ;ˣǿΪĵ·ϰ˶ˮֻۣҪûнѾ˲ˡϱǿߵˣһǿ߾Ͷ˶ҪΪ֮ʡ
ʱ׵ĵ£ΪҶʵ̤ʯͷ׵ǿƣҶʳеøӵĸߴһŵĵ£Ϊһŵľ
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ϵսѧԺԺĿСѹ̾˿·Ͼĥء뼺ͿͦͦùһأŲŵеִͦ˷ˣȻۡͦ
ײٳˣ˷ɶ˻𡣵ʯУŤʹࡣ˻ţ˵Ұ޳ٵʿеȾ뵽һ;ϵĴ䳡еնЩѹ֡
ûã˻ֹͣˡ׵ıƽϲԭһֻߵľżʧȥǣҲʧȥ˶
ʧˣվǷŲ¡սѧԺԺ̾׵Ҳ֪һЩġһ;ߵʵ̫˳ˣûйһ˿ĿΪġ
սѧԺԺԣһֱô˳ȥɲ˴Խ˳Խ׳¡ź࣬ĳɳж٣û꣬ôܼʺ硣ôⱾУŬһƬԼա
ꡱѹֵ䳡ԵøǶɻĶס˰ףǴǸġ
ꡱڶʲôҪƿǶ
ۣˡ˾׵ĹƮƮһƮ
ǲ꣬ǴԪԪֳɫ͵Ϣ
ڴʱͨ嶼ֳɫǹ⻯һ㡣˵ע£һ˫׵ľ޴ĳӰ׵ı͸ͷ֫һߴʮõʹ˵ǰ
ʹ˫ֺս²˵ϣǰ£װСʹͣʮֵϡ
ллҵĽѵˡˣԺлս׵Ȼƽ


72 һϰ
˵תˣĹʧˣϵʮɸߵʹҲŰת޴ãʧС
΢ЦáողսˣǴʤһϹſĵЦݣα
˿۽ǵˮٵĸϣ͸һԶȥˡֻԶŤͷһڳеҶʣӣЩ˵С
һж׿УҡͷЦôģ᲻ˡİɣ˽ܲģԺܼһҪлҷˣ뿪ˡ
š˿ĵ˵ͷƶǶ
еҶʻǴ״̬Уоֻһֵľ롣ȴôҲȥġǶǸоҶץЩꡣ
Ӧùʸǽĵһ˰ɡҶڳУ˫ذߣʼմʱҪ׵״̬
û˻ش˶ĬˡղҶʵıִҶĿãôǿƣôĲһҪûʸǵһҲͲʲô˹ʸ˰ɡ
ȻҶûôĹɣһϰɣҶʺϵ˵ķӳûйãֿ˵ԴԼشԼʡ
˵ĻȴôİһϰɡҪ֪μԵĶ˫ѡģʣȻҲǾӢеľӢ
ҶʸҶʣµ˵ĻҪôšʱڰ벽ףһԭ򡣲ҪĿҪһ޵ϵġʵǿûһ޵еҲûеսȺ۵İɡ
˵ɫһ䣬ûϵҶʻôһϷʱҶʴ״̬޵еĴ־ûпκˣƾѾѹȵ˴
֮ǰҶʵı˾ѾЩԼˣʱҶֱӿһϡ˲ȴͷҶʸɵӰҲߴҪѹ˵ĵġ
һսѧԺӵ˳һҪԼ׳ղҪתˣʱҶʵ̫ˡ
Ҫһ;϶ĳ˾£ӰӰе޵־ĳɾ;ͻܵ޴ƣǿߵľ˹ȥӰҲΪ޴ǿԼ˽
˵һеڶʱ˶˲ʲôԶˣȴҶƳеӰ˵
ĹڿųУûЦǡϾҶ֮ǰǿƱѾ۷ˣǷЩΪҶʵĶֵˡ
ߵؼ˱ʾͲˣָָģͲûаСˡΪҶǵѣҶʵΪҲҶǿǶûʲôʲôӰ¡
˶ͲҶܹǿƵ죬ܹѺƧˣ˭ͷթء
ҶǿͲҶôҶǿͲ㼸ƨôҶǿҲôºóûһ棬Ҷϡ
Ҷÿüͷܿչ˿ûǰ
ҶӣҪһ𡣡ҶʸպÿһĻһкҶҲһϡ
ˣҲȨҳڲˣеٶʵľ㲻Ҫ⣬ǰʱҲ˰벽׵ĵزʧˡ̤֮ʰ㡣Ҷ鲻²˵
ҪȥѵҶʣǰ켸˵ʲôµˣҲ˴ʱҶʾϣﵽһ۷״̬ڰ벽׵ĵزϣֽ쳣Ĵս޵е־ʱȥʵǲǣʴҶֱӱ̬˳ˡ
ʱӭʱƽһսҶʵ˵ͷҲǿ
ҶתԼˡûȶԷȳ֣ҶֱӶסһֱӳ˹ȥ
쵶һ˿ȥԷҲǷӳ١ֶܵӭҶʵƣеĺɫìתźݺݵҶͱȥһɫ硣
ǰеҶһŤӣźݺݵ̤ĶƣҫǿҷĵĶֱӱҶʳһͬʱԷһʽһ䣬̽ץסǴ̹ĳì
תĳìҶʵƽӴһĻǣҶεץСҶת΢һ׸ߵֶìľ޺ͱҶʶ˳ȥ
߸ߵķص˵ϡ΢ҡΣ
Ҷʶ˵һùͲȥŤסһĿ꣬˹ȥ
Ҷʻûг嵽ǰ͸еһɾ޴ѹһɽһ޴建Լѹ˺ظѹ
ҶһȣɫԪѹ죬ӭΨһȭӲӵȭͷһǰֻأһмļͷ
һĹ߼ݣ˳ȥҶŤɱһְ֣Ҷ˭


73 һѳǹ
ҶʾڳвϵĳɱԼΪʯĥ¼Ҫ˵Լ̤ס
һĽ۷ħʦһʼͷ˸߿գ׼ħ˶ǱٵĶ˲ˡ
͸ĲԽԽңնȾ˻һƬҶûȥ䰲ĵʩչԼħ
ŵĹѾȡˣȻҪĥԼҶʾͲЩˡ
ϵ֪һȫҶʵĶ֣ȻǸصĴܡǴʱ˶˽ԿҶʡҶʳ׽ף˾ȫѹһ磬ʱʲôãھԵʵǰߵĽ϶ֵһᡣ
ʱ֣ϣҶе޵־ƣĽףӶҶʽʧܡֻаҶڵĽף˲ŵһսĿܣֻҪҶڵδ˭ѹ˭ͻδ֪
ֻҪҶʽ˵ף˾ȫʧȥʤġʱɺƾԾҶʵ·ͻԽԽ˳ԽԽ㡣ʶҶʵ츳ԼսûаҶʽ׺׷Ѿġ
˼˶ƴˣʩչƽѧľѧ
ìͦñֱɹ⣬ʱΪؼΨһϡһгһ˳ǹǹʼһǹâ죬ƥĺƶˣþõĲܺϡ
еħʦҲܵЩӰ죬üͷ΢΢˺ƴľٻĺƺϡ
ҶñȽϽֻǶϸһۣ͸о˫Ŀʹÿµķ֮
Ҷת˼£Ԫڣ¡¡졣ΣһһĻź
һץסǷƥĳǹһȵĳҶʡʧˣʱԭؾʣǰĳǹǹһ˾ǹǹˡҲǱΣҪȼ˶׼ãҶǿһҶԪת֪ܵȥˣҶʿʱףһȣҪסҶʣȡᡣ
ǹգֱȡҶʡǹûеǷϢѾҶһƳ
ǹ󣬾ƣɺšΧųǹת߶ͬʱſ˴ڣ˶ɡ
ҶԭزݴͣͱһǹԼϮǹٽҶ֣̽һץסǳǹǹϵ߲ƶϣսҶʵұۣſھҶʵĲҧȥҲʾʯצӾҶʵͷȥ
Ҷʳǹұһߺ;һɢС
еĳǹҶǹâ²ҪҶʵĽ
Ҷʳǹ̩ɽβƣɳǹʼ޹ڽɫԪǹϹעȥҪѶԷֱӵˡ
ǹ𶯵ĸӵľˣƺǸовǷ֮øӵǿʢˡ޷ıˣɫԪӶȥסǹ
ǹҶ׵ƽҶб˸ǿҵķ֮
ʱʣµ˵ĹҲϵˣҶ޾ǹ
֮ǰʹһɽҶʴ˰߼ʩչѹ׵ľѧٻһ̫ĥɽɽϷ޷衣ɹħƣ͸ֲĲ
һλٻһͷ׻Ӱ׻ɽһ˲ٵķ뻢ͣҶʳ
ĥɽ뻢צͬʱҶҶ˫һͷһβץס˳ǹһ
ڶصĥɽɽߴİ׻ǰҶôСȻôСӲȻһΧ۵˶𺳡
ĹУҶʵһαˣҶ˵ǵһΣܶԷ˵ĺ
Ҷʳǹŵأֹס˺˵塣һгǹһƯǹҶȥ
Ҷֳֳǹ裬󿪴ϣӲ̫ĥɽ׻
ϡ죬Ͱѳвдļ̨ˣֱӳΪ˷ĩҶһ½ս񣬿ޱߡ
Ҷ죬ѹˣһѳǹһСΪҲû˹벽ڲǰ˽ڽڰˡ
̫ĥɽϵݱ˸ɾĥɽƣᱻˡ׻ҲҶʳŵģҲûɽˣһֻŵСèõӰԽˡ
ڴʱϵħҲﵽ˶㣬ħʦҲԽԽ߰ƴҶʴսʱ֮£ħȫʩչ˳
ĻԪ䶯һճһѳɵĻ޽޽ȻԪɣȴʵʣɡ


74 ͵Ϯ
޽Ĳʵ̫ˣ˶ڵһʱ۵Ӱ׼ȷ˵ǣ۵õӰ
һӰôۣȴſֲȸСӰأߴǧɣٺɫףͷʹڣ졣
Ӱôãܱһ΢紵ɢӰôϣѹ˶¹ơ
˶ˣ˫ֺ£סħʦħʦھ˵ģ˫ǰ죬סǾ޽Ľһ֣գֱȡҶʣҪ롣
ħʦôĻ;޽һֱϡһֻϻӶ˾޽աʹǱָĿ꣬Χ۵Ķоѡ
ڴʱ̫ܲħɽҵ˰ƴСȫܶһҶʽһĥɽ֮ռŤݡ
һɽߵİ׻Ҳʾ弱СһֻèСһţ飬ԽռҶɱ
ҶǸܵΣգšһɣʵ۷塣Ҷʲأ΢һƬɫ縡ֶԶڲ죬зڣһƬʥ͵ľ
˻壡սѧԺԺסˣȻΪҶ̫Ϊǣ̫дˡǿеͷħٻǱ޽ʱﶼѾĹ׶Ҷˡ
ʱ·תҶ¶ԼĵƣȻֲֿʡʱˣҶǹģ⼤ŭǣչֳǿʵǰѼ˵˵ʯڼ۷ʱסǣȻһ
Ҷԭûжɼ˵ľɱԼҶʼվòһ㣬Ͳôһ㣬Ǿ޷ﵽ뵽üԼҶʸѹγϣܸԼѹ
Ҫü˸ԼѹԼ͸һ㣬ƴֿɼʵġҶҪʵսپ޴ѹԼµȻΣգҶûһ˿ľ£ϲ
޽壬ҶδԶһ˫ֺʮļס˾޽޽Ҳ޷ôһ˿һľ롣˫޽Ӵղϵ޸˭Ҳβ˭˽ֵĽ׶Ρ
ͬһʱҶԪƵȭݺݵС˵ħɽһеĳǹǻ˹ǹâͱС˵İ׻һ˿ѪҶʵҶʵ˿վǵס˼˵ֹ
ҪƾֺϻҶʣҶ޾粽ã˽˽ֽ׶Ρ˶תƴեȡڵԪְڵԪѹȶԷ
˫ƴˣԪ¡ҲѹԷչϵĽȻǺҲĽһศɡҶʴʱ޵е־ȻҲѷɫԷ
ֵ˫˵仯Ҷ·һЩøӵһЩõֲľڷܣǳתԶǼס˫Ϸ״ԭŵˡǾ޽Զȵڻ̧еħʦԽԽûа취ıԷ˾޽ʵ
õ˱仯Ҷ۷Ҳ΢ĲڻļҶʳ˴˻ᷢӲѹŵħɽǰԾصİ׻ǰȥһܶಽҶûһļ˾ͱѹȵѪ˺һ
ҶʵĽŲ조ˡ죬һĽࡣǽŲıõ졣
ŲħȻӰ˵˵ĺŲﵽһ£һࡣ˶ɫ䣬¡¡죬ԽԽ죬ԽԽҡѪڣ༸ѡ
ǰˣֹˡսļ˸ΪңҶŲϣ˱ȵòϵˣǿѹڷڵѪöҶȴΪ
ͻȻʵձһƬڣҶĽɫ罻ӳΪ˴˿ؼΨһǳһŽһţһŴһšһſǳһߣһѽֱײҶ硣
͵Ϯʱյ̫ˣǳ۳ɵĽٶʵ̫ˡ쵽սеҶʶӦǳѾײ硣
ȻһɱҶʣҶҵĶֱʧˡ޽ԶҲʧˣѾ㹻ˣԴʱҶʽġ
ҶǰĽŲֹͣˣֳǹն˾޽Ӳħɽ׻һҶʱľиϣ˳ղ֮٣ħɽ׻ѾҶĥòˣͷľ޽ȴǸ޴вҶʵǿƵһӲι


75 ʧ
ܼ˵ĹѾڸղʱ˺ܶ࣬ҲǼ˵ȫʩΪ޵һ
ҶѾǳ磬ҶͬͬԴĴڡбĴϺأشɣҶˡ
ʱӲ˼˵Ĺѩϼ˪ҶʴڿѪ˳ȥ
ݵĳ֮ڷˣսѧԺһƬղѧԺĶֶһˣǶʮֵûӣоϻġǸĶڵѪǣҶʾȻһ˵ס˼ˡ
׼ȷ˵Ҷһѹס˼ˣǸ˼ʱ䣬ɼʩչǿľѧޱȵѹ֣ͷѹһɽ
Ҷʵı̫ˣİǹһ곹׵ķӡѹǹڡüľѧսˣȫͲһȼսȫŰǳ
ϵħ׼ˣǿֲĲ˵ͷȼһ˿ϣϣͱʧˣһ˵ҶҲԵ࣬ȫסˡ
ȻͰѼ˵ĥʯĥ¼üȥ覴áۿҶʵԽԽǿʢˣϴȥǦʶ覡
ڴʱȻ˳ֽˣӲĴҶʡҶʴ޵еľе˳ˡ
ô˲ģʲôȴеùĳԼĵġΪˣŶǳֵҲ˺øС
սѧԺͬǣѧԺߵĻȻֹ˶Ǳס˲ӵѼӡĿվǰ꣬ҶʮֵϤǴʱжʮֵİûʲôޣڻ˫վͬһӪ£ºֶôĹ顣
Ҷһü뻺һһվһ˾롣ƧҲǽüͷ𣬵ʼûг֣Ϊ˴ﻹǴһ˿ͽͷ
˵Ϳ㲻˳ˡ˼ͬһѧԺ£ǰѧԺеĽʽ쿴Ҳ㡣˻Щ˼µв͵Ϯꡣսһ㶼£˼ɣ¶ͷ
Ȼû˵Ҳ˽ŲΧûֵľҶʱûʲôޣΪоҶʵǿƾų⣬жԡ
ʱץס˻ᣬֺһ˿ء˵ﶼЩ̫ˣֱһߡŪ㣬ҲһݷȴȴǻᣬȻ͸һ
뵽ﳯϦദôã˶̲סĴ˸Լͬĵһ΢һͻᱻɱƵá
սŭˣ֮ǰһֱǿΪˡ̫գԸŵսϲǲϲսҲᱳͱӡ
ԴʱͱӣͱĲԼѧԺˣԼѡս۾ˣ³ɺ޼һսҪҡ
ս֡ǰסͺˣҽߵ飬Ժˡ֮ǰ˵ҪɱˡҶʴӷվƽ
ǲѴƽҶڲصŭǸ˶ᷢ𣬾ʥҲ⡣Ҷʶ¸ˣû뵽ԷһֱǵáһǵڣҶʶòԷģرԸ
ÿµģúݵġҶʶѾҪǲϰˣϾܿȥԾͲôһ㣬ͽôһ㣬ͱƻˡ类ˣˡ
Ҷʴû˵ĺ޹һˣһǰŪˣһñԼô˹սϾͻƵϲãҶʴˡսҪָϽס˼ˣҪ˺˶Է
ҶӣˣǲҪսĺáüҶʵ״̬ʵǲãٴ˳ԿѵյҲã漸Ҳգûߡ
޷Ȼˡǽ⼸ˣʵеġҶʻûôǰȶסͺˡҶʼֵü˲֣ҪԼǰ鷳
Ǻðɡ˼Ҷǰδеļ֣ҲֻЭʶҶôã鷳ģκܶͶλǵһοҶ˼֣ҲܵҶѹֵŭ
˲Ȱ˵Ҷ˵Ķסûлٴ͵Ϯ˵ҲǴһ˵ҶʲУǻԼôֻҪע㣬һ˲ҶʣȻһԽѵ


76 ǿưܵ
ҶʲɾǵѪֳǹ˲ûһ˿ǷϸСҲûһ˿ʧ䣬ղŵһвûзƵġ
ǳԪ֮ǰ΢΢˵ȴӵǿˡͦñֱһѳʵ쵶ޱȡ
˵ûиǻᣬһϰɡϢʱ׼Ҷгǹңָˣƽȴֳ˲ɵϡ
˱ɫˣѵղҶǼٵģѵԷȻܵӰ컹ǳɹˡȻô˵ˣʱҶʹƾƾܰѹˡȻĪڱܵʹ£˱վһ
ôĲ²⣬ǼʮڵҶʲǵһܹġ
Ҷʹ˵Ĭ֮ճǹֱż˳˹ȥһȴܳǧƣеĳǹҶԪĹע··˹ǹַ˳ȥӭͳϢʱȥ˳ǹһɫ
ڣϵÿһƬۼ׶ɼ˸Ũڹ⡣ۼɭɭͬ˸ڹצӷ·ܹʯվһļ˹ȥ
һԵīҶʾԵʮֵƽϲһ˿̻ϢûʲôԪһһƮƮĺһơ
ڼ˵ȴȫеҶʴʱߴǧɣ½ڳͷˡƮƮһƣǰ춼ƶˣżѹȶƺƴȴȫΪģҶʱ򻨴еһƬҶ
ҲսһѧԺģ˻֮Ƚ˽⡣һ׷ħʦһֵֻסħʦĺ󱲣תԪȫ䵽ħʦڡ
õԪ֧֣ǰǾ޴Ķ˻жãǵħʦҪˣɫϣһֱ˵ĴϺ
ʧȥȫԪļɫ԰ףޱȡͬʱֽޱȣڴĶħʦܹסҶʵĹ
ʱħʦеǰδеǿħ۹ĵڳԪоޱȵ̹·־ܹժ׽¡
˫ǰɿĻǻһ㡣ѸٵĽһޱȵħӡǣħ
һ޴ӰˣǻӰ񿭣ͷʹڣ졣û֮ǰֹĻ񡣲ǰͬǣʱֵĻвûгǰõ岻ͬʱֵӰͨɻԪɣʵʡ
Ӱͬĳһƣһƺƴܹͽǳ
˵ע£ҶʽɫƺͻĴƮƮĶԺһûκε촫˫ӡղϵĲˮһϵɶŤĿС
еһֻץס磬һӣ絹ϡһ
һδҶʵϥǸ߸ߵ̧𣬷ǵľ޴ײ˻Ӱؿڡ
սеĻҲǷӦ٣ҶʶһƵֱ΢΢ײҶϮϥǡ
顱ϥǽʵʵײһҶʵ˰벽˸СվǲҶϥǵ˼󲽡
һĳǹҲ˻ʱھ̬һڵĳǹҶֽҲ󣬲ĳһЩȻǸղҲǹľбġ
Ҷޱϲճǹһǹ˳ȥͬĲκε̻ϢͬƮƮĺһǹһɫ磬һǹ̳ж˿˿磬׳ʡ
ӰǸܵΣգȵĻ죬˶ǻһھҵȼաһɫ绮һѻ񽣻ײڵĳǹʩչһĻӰ࣬ôҫۡ
ꡱ飬ǹһǰѻ˸ԴʧС
ħʦͷ³һѪ˳ȥļߣ֪˶ɫ䣬ΪҶʾҪʹɱˡҶֻǶ˼һۣתӣȥˡ
˿ֽٺϲáʧ䣬ǺҶվһϵġڣ˶ԼˣûԼƵҪѪ
ֵˣɣʹ졣ҶĲӵ䳡룬гǹңָ˵
ҶӣˣʰɡսˣҶʵ״̬ãҪԼִҶս
ûϵ˵ˣʰûġҶʲ飬š
ߣ浱ˡ˭ʰ˭˵һҾʹ㣬˭ǿһս˵İΧվҶʵĶ档


77 ǳͼ
ҲڴԼ̣ʱҶʱʱҲаա
ҪҶʵȫʢʱڣǲҵġղҶʵıҲǿУȫʢʱڵҶʣҲЩˡҶֱǿˣϴ˽ֵʱӵǿˡ
ûдҶʵˣҲΪ־ͺ»мʣŹʹĳˡҶʣԲҪҶʼǿҶʣⲻҶһ졣
ʱҲǰԼ˾·ǼϲòʱҶʻҪսʱǺܹܣԼһʧֽɱ˾͸ˡʱڴϵĿǣƧòԼԼһ档
ûгɹǺҲȲ˵Ƨ᲻ʰԼ͵ҶһؾͲܣοһԻлսؼˡһսֻʤܣ뷨õģӦ˵ӵ׼ȷ
עϳ֣ʮֺҶһ˿ءʱѾԼ˾·Ҷù·ûĿܡûΪҶʸվĴսͬ飬ҶϢʱ䡣
֮ǰħʦŪ֮󣬽ĵڶα쿪ʼˡ˲һƬڣϷǵ㣬Ҳýôÿһǳҹҫ貵ԣɢžΰ
һǾɱҪֱĥҶʣҶκεķ̵Ļᡣ
ǳڷⷢ貵ǻԡǻԻ۵һγһɭޱȵĽâҶնȥ
ҶҲ³ſõ磬ǴǿѹȵĺĻ˻ȥһīҹǹ㣬·ǿ֮Сһ߽ӲӣͶϣ·Ի䡣
Ҷһеĳǹǹ³˼ɳķǹâǹŵһǳ⣬ѩɢҶеĳǹҲµıѩǹâʧ
һȻû뵽ҶʻôǿʵһȫͨĽ۷ʿֱɱʱս۷״̬ҶʣֱʹˣҪսپ
ҶȻǵסˣҲɣϾǰҶĲС˲ᣬһѪ˳
һѪҶ࣬ؿڲôѹַơս߰˫˼׳ĽʵʵĽ⡣
֣ҶеĳǹŤ
ǹգһɫ磬ס
˫һӶ䣬ǳһӭǺɫ硣
䡱ǳϵıѣҲ֪ٵ˶ٿǳǹȥԼֱȥ
Уһž޴ǳ磬Ӳײ˳ǹǹվǱסˣײתŲ˳ȥϡһ˵ϡ
ҶûȥǱɵĳǹͲҶóģǿľǼһ˫ȭͷ졣
Ǳǹñѵǳ֮ҶһһɱҶĹ󣬲дĵʽԪϵĶƴҪƾ˵ɱ
Ҷָ䣬״ǳڲϵĻֱ̽ؿץȥ
²ǳ֣һˣҪǱҶץһצŶҪ֮ǰҶйһεĽ֣Ȼ֪˫
Ҷʵǿˣ˵ǿǡűãܶûб֡ҶʽɱȻǲˣǳ;ˣǳ͸ֵܣҪƾҶ룬ԶĥҶʡ
˼䲻ŲæûκεŵĻҡ²ǳֵǳһǳ·˵ٶȴﵽ˼¡ͬʱǰ˫ֲϽӡ
һſž޴ǳǳӱײҶʣ赲ҶǰĽŲ
ҶʲϵǳİŲշת˫ȭʱĻӳǳϵĵɳȥһ޴ĺ
ǳԽԽ࣬һſǳһ۳˿񽣣һΧҶתһǳͼ
ΧҶʶתʱĻ򿳣һ貵Ľâ
Ҷֱȡ˹ǣԪ䣬ӭͳһ˸ߴСҶץסǣĻӶǳϵıѣâ顣
Ҷʵ̫ǿˣһ˲ƬǿеǳȻϼˣҶʲϵĴڿѪҲû˸СһƬǳͼȥĽʿǱɱ˰ҶʾȻ˵壬ֵסˡ


78 ߣĻ
һԾվǳͼϷһСҶʵ̫ǿˣĽסҶʡ
ڽ֮ϣǻԶҫӳϣеӢ䲻ǳʡ˫ӡ
ͼ˹·Լ˼룬ʢˡ񽣶ױȵâһѩôǻԵĽֱ񽣱ɱ
Ҷͼвϵķڶܣκιʵ̫ܼˡҶٶٿ죬پҲûа취ˮðĹдܡ
еĹǸǱҶʵש赽˼£񽣵ײʱܼŽϡͣ˶ֹܲĥס˶䡣
ҶеĹ趯ܲ͸磬ʮȵȫλ޲𹥻£еһҲԵСĴˡ
Ҷʲ봩ϹǣڴϹôҲ󡣹ǵķǽʵһʱҲƹǵķǴ˹ǣŵĲ棬ô򣬵ͷڹôҪƽʱĻҶָôңǴʱҶġ
˵Ǻ֮ǵ˾վԼǰѵܵͷڹһôǲܵģҶҪйеŭʢҪﲻסˡҪʵĻҶʲеĹǳ
ͼнâ񽣲ϵĴ̣Ҷֻопֹ֮ԼϸȥҶʵǿԶԶûдﵽɵļ£֮ǰѾˡʱҶģңѪ죬ɫѪϵ䡣
Ҷʲϵת޸壬񽣲ϵƻԿҶʵƤϵıѣֱ޸
һظ̣·Ҷʶҧסˡ
ʱһһĹȥˣռƵҲЩˣоЩסô˶û˵ҶʣԷңЩת
񽣵ĸٶȼԶԶﲻҶ޸ٶȡĹˣҶʵڲϵƻ޸֮ӵǿˣʸһ¥
ҶץסǵֲڻӶĽԼȫ岻ԨƺһͷµĹݷţʱѡ
Ҷ˫ۣ˫ʵʵĽ⣬˲ٳɱ񽣡
ˬ˰ɣˡҶ˫ĶסгĮ
ҶʵһߴǧɵӰӰۣͷʹڣģ
Ӱһ֣ҶԭĽɫ缱СǧɸߵӰ̯ģСĽɫ֮ϣתš
ηˣµǳൽԶҲ˻סԼ塣ʱֻ룬ӵԽԶԽãҶҲĵطʱѾûһ˿ʤģҶֲ̫ˡ
׼ȷ˵ҶͻȻֵӰ̫ڿֲˣԭǽɫѾصʱǽɫӰ֮ǽɫ綼Ϊġ
õӰӣֻһۡ͸оѣȫתԪˡʵ̫ˣû˵ղʵʵڵĸоϢ
Ҷԭأ˫ûпľٶƵá˶һ֣ⲻǸտ˵ҪʰԷôʱ۾һռϷģ𾢵תӡҪ֮ǰ˵ıȷʵڽಫжΪˣݸ˿ġ
Ҫ֪ҵ뷨Ի˵ɣûܵôһ۾˾ô⻹ô
Ҷʱ˫δĽɫ˶ˡ̧ץ֣ɢǧһѻƽʥϿ̻ǳ޳һС
ƽʥһ֣˴ҶʵüҲһϸСâʱҶûз֡
Ҳʲôƽʥ˳ȥٶȿ쵽˼£ײ
󺧣δǾķâʹ̵ļѡӡһ䣬󼱾۳һ˸ŵǻԵľ޽ӭĻƽʥ
ƽʥײǳ޽ƽʥȥԻʼձһٶȡǴ˲֪ٱǳ޽ѩڣѡƽʥӽ⴩˽βȻȥƲֱȡüġ
ˣѵľҪôģĵֿȫԪ˵˫֮ϣ˫־Ө貵âȫ˫ϱˣ˵Ի͵Ĺâ
˫صü
ҶͻȻ³һڽɫѪҺͷһᵹȥʧˣɫʥҲʧˡ
ȫ䣬ˮʪ͸ˡʱصһƣһпڣǱʥġüҲһĿӣǰ


79 ˿
һŵ˵ϵҶʣһ¡ս˵һʱΧҶʻм䣬ĿһۣתͷҲصȥˡ
Ҷʸ̫ˣҶɱǧѷĺûᡣҲôҪٹ꣬ĵ·Ҷʶ֪˦Լˡ
ҲǹϵˣǰҶʽףԹϳӡڿսΧ֪СԹϵתܡ
ս˿ԵҶʣתͷܵķȨһ»Ƿˡ

ҶֻоԼۣۺۡһΣóóΡ˯˯˺óóʱľ
Ҷ˫ۣͿһž޴սԼҲ룬һƸ˹ȥ
žһ죬˱õ˳ȥ
ҶʣҺƴˡսסգӵȰĴ֣޷ڵǸ߸ա
ٺ٣˼ʧʧˣ䡣ҶԴʼתЩ˹ҲȫҰɡ˭ԴôģһΪͷҪˡ
㻹ͷҪ˵ҪѹˣⲻոմսҪ𡣵˰˱ѪùˡսȻҪҶƴûжֵĴ㡣˭ôҶأܰ׳ˡ
ⲻ˯һ죬ʲôÿġ̫˯ô㳤ôҲŲûп˯Ҷˣ˯ȻôȻƽʱһͬڶˣҲûбҪôȵİɡ
˯һ죿ѵһӡûӦðɻˣ˯ˣҲиµʱİɡ
ѵ˯˺ܾãأҶ˷е˺һɻҶҲˣԼòһ
Ҷòĺ֪ˣʱһΪĵһ񾭴ضЩҶˡ
Եֱ֮תˡһֱûлѧԺҲûӰ˵ȥӦΪ˶ǰɡ˽ıȽ϶࣬˭ñ˵ϰǳء
ⲻ֪ǼᱣҵôǶñ˶֡ҶƽĽصʣѴҵֵܣҲֵܣҶû˵Ǵֶ֪Щ֪ͺãûҪ˵˵Ե̫ˡ
仰ϲͳ仰ԭղҵһˡϧǼһˡսҶʵļ
ͦϧģûϵܴһΣܴڶεΡˣôˡҶͻȻ뵽صϣεͷϷǷ߰£Ļϲŷġ
ôݲݽ¡˵˫ٰ콻ҵһˡڱԵʱϷˣ֣ڶڸоڿʿ֮սڿϷŵˣݡڵķǾҵģ˵ĺÿˡ˵ս˾Щ˵ıҲҶȥҶȥˣ˵ķͷȫǹˡ
ԶˡҲ󵽵ôô㲻Ǵ˵һ̰ɡҶҲЩˣս̫ܳˣһлǺ
ε֮󣬺Ƨֱӷɽ˳УվǰսѧԺȻ޵ǵԺǺ޲óѽġû취ˣˡ˵žͶҶһ
ҶʽӹЩĪ˳ƴһ۾ֱˡһڵĳǹ⣬һΡҩҪ֮ǰӶԷթҶ˵ꡣ
ʲôսƷ˵˵Ͷˡ룬Ǹٻħʦеħƺ˿ˡҶˣһİա
սƷһǽĲͷѹĲͷԽأӮ˵ʱõĶҲԽáҪˣкƧʹģûĳΣҲҪȼֵĶͷȱթȥһʱʹˣġκСȾͰѱ˻ֱˣ˶ӡˡƧǹҪЮõ˳κͳǹų˱ӡסСӡСһԵӣ˶ͷߡû˵ԷĶģѧԺ֮ĽֲǿˣСҶҲ̫ˡ
뵽ͷӵ۵ģ˫ĶŻеҶʣƶݳ˼ˡκδʱڱ˵ĵϣղҶʵǿƱִҶĿõģһ˴˶ļˡͷ˫֣һۣ·˶һ˳Ρؼãʲôܱۿֵùĵء


80 Ҫȥ
ĵϵȤţ඼ǹҶʵġҶҲЩգԭԼνϲ֪þ͸ɳôྪ춯صġ׳١˰
˽̸ʱķɿ죬֪ɫѾڼҶȡ˳Σƽֳ˼֣ҲֵһݣҶʵĿת˲١
ҩƽʱװţܳʱı档һƿͱϷãȻò˶ȫɢʧһҲ
Ҷ˵Ҫǣ˶ҪҶʹɱﵣֱӰѳηֳ˼֣Žӹʳȥһʱ㣬ֻȫë׶ˡ
ҶתҩԼ塣֮ǰĽϣҶǿǿϹؼʱ͵Ϯ˲ˡʱεļʱҶ޸˰ˡҩҶϴˢ˼޹ӵǿˡ
Ҳ֮ǰս˲ҪҶʵĳεԭҲˣϵҶȻǿơʵѾˣڶվȺۡͷûһΣҲȥƧҪ鱦Ҷ޸á
ûʲôˣҲûʲô޴ıԴģֻǼ򵥵˲ҩĶСûöʱ䣬۾ŵĶסҶʡ
ҶʵģսҲҶڽУһ˵ս˲֪ҶʵܵʲôԶֽŵĶסʱʲô⡣
Ҷת͸еļ˶šǧɫתһƬ͵շ·硣ɫ֣ΧҶʡڻԾҡԾʵ͸ĪϡеҶӢ䲻
ֱӴӷʧǴûгֹһ˿ĺۼҲˣҶ˫ۣ˫͸׳ʵʽ⣬ɫ硣⻺ʧ˫ǳת䣬Ϸ˫һƬʵڸ֡
СҶӣͻˣսԾˣǰҶʲɽԨԽʤɲˡ
˴ܴҲ̫˰ɣս켶ġͬмܵУϼغϵġչ¶˺ޱȵ츳⻹ҪҪ˻˰
˶ڨţǴʱҶһȽϡȳǽȣܵ¾ײƤȻЩ췢̡̫ˣ̫ƽˡ
ôͻƣϵĲһ˹ȥϧˡղŲ޸壬¾ѡѾȶĽ۷壬ʱпͻơҪǰһаҶʽ͵гš
ҲˣʱŸ׵ӰɡŹãѾĽ۷ˣסСҶӣҲһ·ɣȻĶˡο˵е㺹գҶǲΪڶҶˡ
һĵسԭڸ̾ҶʵĿµļ˶һ㶣ŹЦ
ҶʵĶӷ죬ҲҶⶼ˯˺üˣӲŹ֡ҶôҲˣü˶ҶҲҶʣҶҲԼѣǲġ
ߣԷȥϵطݡ⼸쵣㣬ҲûгԺáѹˣóȥףһ¡Ҷʵļ򣬲ûҶʸſ¡
ʲôѹˣ˵ҺƵġôôҶЦվӣȺá
ݣĿⶼѾϹüεˣƹѲ˶ȴˡ
ȥʶ£˳ĥԼղҾĥξҲһֱ룬ڶڵ㱾¡ϾһĶǶˣҲ˵ǻԼˡȥڣǱôҶģֲͬһ塣Ҷʴͷ˵
ɶ˵ɶսҲЩԺˣʵ
˵ȥҶʺȵıȽ٣΢Щ
ʲôð𷢱۵ıӸ߸ߵӥһžġǶðݺƣҲᡣȻҶҶӳ⡣طΪҶȥչŮ
뵽ȥˣ˵ȥϷĥԼ˳ıϹڣ췭ظģ֪ҶʵҶͷĺߣҲ̫˰ɣԼûô˵
֪ƨһˡ˭˵ûŮģǽ𷢽İ˿˰ֺóҲƯҪǶǵСҶӺ񻹺кøеӡҲ¶ǵСҶˣⲻѹҪ׷ȥˡλƵվһֹֻҶʵļ֧ԼһӵĶء


81 Ҫ㱣Ķ
Ҷʴ˯ҡҡͷѵԴЩΪԼ˵Ҫ뿪飬˶˲ٵľǼС˶ˣⲻ˶ſڲϣɵ߰㶫ġΪȳԷʱûһûгϴμ˶ϵ
Ҷҡ˯еļˣ֮뿪ˡҲĵϰʶˣȻͿռ˵µĶ˳ȥˡ
磬ѧԺƧķС
ʲôҪһȥУԵĲСƧҶʵ֣ǲͬ⡣
֮ǰϣҶȺ󼸴գѾѺܲˡҶڽĹؼʱȻѧԺ͵Ϯ㣬ˣȻҶʲ޴󰭡ʧǸĲ˵ģϻðɣԼƴ
ǺƧ飬ȡǰŵԼڶôϼһɫźÿһ㡣
ҶСҪͣˣȥҡôУʱǱʲôֲԼĵϣʰô졣ҶǽԼܵģǴԼȥģô˵ԼѲ˸ϵ
ҶѾˣ˵һΪʲôȥ㻹ҵɰŲȥͷС棬˵ңˣʱôһƧȻͬ⣬Ҷʻˣˣʽ
СӣвңŲֱӹաƧĴӵ۵ģСӱ¼˰вԼͷˡ
УܹסҡĸңȻʱܡܳȥҾͺƤȥɽʱһȣҡҶʽеףҪſں
ƧˣСӺȷʵûʲôƽסġºˣִ򲻵ãֹزס
ٵ֪ͨͷ⡣Ƨû취ˣԵҪѸͷö⡣
УҪ֪ͨתܡӶûģûҶͷҡĺͲ˹Ƶãһڻؾ
ҿСû갡Уϵġզֱˣ֪ͨһƧˣСӻǱ˰ֱԼûôģʱֱ˵Ҷʲ̣ܽԼ˽ˣΡ
ٺٺ١Ҷ˲任һֺЦ⡣
Сֱ˵ƧҶЦò⣬ЩõԤС
ԺǺ˰ˬ˰ⲻҪȥôһѰ˼һȥˣͲҵսˡڿͳսЩԿЩĶҶʰ̾˵ţһʹ˼ı顣
Ҳ֪ȥս˰㻹һ˼ҪȥƾСǻı£û׼ȥһһ֡СҶӰȱ£ҪһСİѱ˸ëˡֱӷŸƨû׼ͰˡʱķͷЩʲôݡѵдûԻͣıСҲ֪ˣƧϽȴҪȥͷ
ıøŻᱻһƨҶʰ̣ͷʲô˼
ȻɫһҲû¶ǣ̫ˣƨ˵ġ
֪ͺãΪáͰĵĴѧԺڰɣҲûģͷǵø˵ϼûȥҲǲԣԺȥһġƧϲСһᣬϹˡ
Ժĺˡ⻹ȥҵ˼ǣҪҵöȻҸȥþͱʰˣҲŶǣҶЦĴ˫֣һֺõĶźƧ
ɶ˵ɶԭô˰죬Ҫ׳ЩƧ㱻ԼĿˮҭ˭˵Сˣ˭˵ˡСӣԭһֱڸԼװ
ԺҪ˵ôʲô׳Щ밡ҪģģʱʱóҵĶ˵Ұмӡн죬ռһĹͣҲǡҶһ࣬ϴʵľźƧôʴ
һҪҪ߶붼룬ûšƧˣһվӵ۵ġ
ѧԺȥˣҵûɽȥҪǴҡҶʣôˡҾ˵ԺһֱϣȥҪ㱣ĶⲻҾͻˡɽůҶįתĿһѧԺתߡ
СӣվסˡסԺҪӱĻҡƧˣסҶʡת˸䣬кҶʸϡ
źƧҶʺٺһЦϽתˡһʲôƨį


82 ʲʣʲڻ
ħɽ½һΪǸߴɽãγͬ򻷾һˮһˣԶĴöǻƤͷˣԸҲ΢ĺơľǸɫˣ֮˾˵ĹҲȽǿ
ħɽγزͬ򣬴˲ͬɽбҲ˲ħޣвߣʵΪͨ졣ûǿߵĴ죬Ѱ˸Ͳ롣
ҲӦΪħɽЩţëޣƬ½ల¡κһҪԷҲҪ¼ʵͨħɽ󣬻ܱ¼ɵս
ܹܲռԷĴѹ¶ԷԷϵĴöԷòˬ⻹ġ˫ʮ顣ѧԺսѧԺĽĴ󱳾´ٳɵģѧԺǶľӢѧԺսѧԺľӢѧԺ˭ɷ˶ԷԻȥ޳ܵĹĴԷһ缺һ
Զǻع⡣
ľħɽӭһһϡ꣬üĿ͸ΪʱһЦͬеԴҪ˵ʵеǿӤֱ۴ϸۼ׹󰵵ǿҪƵã֮ΪӵЩ
˵צ㵽ʱʱԼİɣһ汻ƭһʱˡҶûʵԴһ֮ɫ
СҶӣ죬˵һ̰ٴˣٰģò˵ʿýţǱסβ͵èҪ쭡
УǸղôһͷϻֱˡǶˣһΪȥҧŶģءһ̾ˣҿܾұȥšôʶôˣһûпˡҶʼţ촵Լεϡϸƨ󻹲ҪԼæ
ǲǸĻô㿴ղŶһֵǼһڨڨ˵ҶƣϽ˵ࣺΪʵȥɢʲôƨǲôȻƣг𡣵㿴ôСЩǿĲ춢ۺŹ֡
Ŷô˵ҶɻˣЩȤѵʲôܲɡ
Ѫƣǳɳȷʵ쳣ǿֻ첻ڻ¡ЩԼΪУǲƷֻҪɱǣȹǵľѪᴿԼѪĲõơǣҪɱȴûôסЩ޾ֻ֣ΪƨЩǻƽȮ۰ŶԣӦǳ̲Ϸ
ô˵ѪǴˡҶ˫ð⣬ҪǻдǣҪֱɱѪˡ
СҶӣ󲹸ƨƭġңðɶԱҵĵȼ۵ħȷʵǴ󲹡ûãǶҩ㻹ᱻҵѪҺȼѪԷٶʼˣҶʵ񶼿Ҫðĵ̹ˡ
УƭҲƭɡղѣĺܵСҶ˵žһʵͷϣȲ˵ûãںԼϤˣԼ²֡
˵ģûƭ㡣ûʲʣʲڻʡôɫ֤ԼûƭҶʡ
Ŷʲôһû˵ҶʱȤ
ʲʣ˵ľͬһѪǿߣͬʱѪȵȾѵǸŻѡѪʾһ֣˵ֻһ˻塣ʻһû˵ǾǴ˻嶼
Ŷô˵Ƕһ޶ˡǻʲڻأҶʵͷ˼£Ȼֽʡ
ʲڻôʵѪܻںϡһѧɣҲľ͸˴𰸡
ںһһİɡҶ˵ˣģ㻹ΪҵǼＸⰡҶˣ̧־͸һơ
ޱȵίҵģⲻƭİ֮ǰ츳ѪǿߣУҪͨѪںǿѪֻѪһӴ;ҵȼѪҺҲȼûκεĶ𡣡
Ŷ㻹֪ĺܶûҴ˵ҵѪһֻѪҲֻһְƨĻʲڻʡҶˣָ̧ĳһơ
˻壬һֻѪҲһʰҵѪҺϽɫеϽ塣ʱ
Ϊкһһ֣ǻ˰һԼҪԷءҶˣҲšеĻ壬ܻצĶԼ


83 Գ
ҶӦΪˣһ·ϴʵоյġԶԶľ͸ӦǿԪҶȻ󣬵ǻûеȥЩë޵ĵز
֮仹Խ˵һ㶼֣߳һûȤ۸߶ڸ˵᲻ȤħɽͲһˣɱгޣǲὲġһ˵ǽҲ˽İɡ
䡱ҵıžдȥԶԭ˵ЦҶ˾裬һһϢķǱжȥ
ǿΪ𲻽ʢУ޵иӵֱӴֱҶʴħɽжǰ˴ˣһֱû˴ģս
ƽռɽмžÿ£΢ǿЩ޳⣬ÿһͷ޶Сġֳ̫Ķ˸ǿĲߡɽʱǱ͵ϮôģĿŵսͷһμ
һһ˷ܡԴӽħɽһֱϲֵҶʾ͸ĲӦǲӦ鲻ӦԼСЦȥŪЩ󶯾ӰɡҪˣǾͲˣֱ
·ԽԽҲԽԽ졣ֲһһǰ˶Ĳľսನ꼰Ϊ˴սеƷһƬ
ŻХԳ䣬˲ƵϡɼǰսȻСɽƵġһһֱëƣͷһĽɫֵϻһһֻͨѩ׵ľԳ
˫˴սĽ״̬Գ˫ڵϣ׵ĳë˳Ĵ£ͨɫٲʱǴ׳İɫ۰һֲ˿ڣѪҺȾһƬɫĳë
һľ޻צŵأ΢΢ĹγһĻߣǿĺ֫΢΢ʱ׼ԾԷǿƵһϸ֮·޻ҲЩԾһֻǰצ΢΢ŵأؽڴֳȻ
ͻȻ޻ˣĺ֫һŵأԾ˳ȥ޻ŵصʱҶʶоɽ嶼΢΢Ĳ£ɴ˿ɼ޻̺ǶôĿֲ
Ȼξ޴󣬵Ǿ޻Ķȴ쳣Ѹݡһ㶼ûΪεӴӰжӴСɽƵȴ硣޻һ˾Գõһֻǰצ߸ߵ˾ȻצӺ˸ÿһżӲָ׶һ쵶ص˾Գ
Գԭز˵ֻǰ۲֧Լӣδ˵ֱһȭʱ״ȭͷƷ׵ͳڶը졣ԳΪԲģһԪ˳
ڵʯ䣬ȭͺ˸Ļצײһǿҵײ𣬴Ԫɢȥ˲ٵĹ
޻˳ȥҵõһƬǽ塣潻棬ıƴ£޻˸ԲԷ
޻һһͳʼðɺѪƤëҲȾѪһƬֱǾ޴˫ҲɺһƬ仯ûֹͣСɽһӴڻСˮһȴ𽥵֮֮ǰɽߵ͸ӵĺˡ
޻ڲϵСֱֻǰһСˣʱľ޻ֹͣ˱仯ȴ㷭ࡣ
ԶԶվŵҶʶоһ˿ѹ֣ڵԪԷ͸赲ѹҺҶʷֵĿѹסˡ
СѣһæôһͳҶʵԺ
˭ҶըëèһǳԵʣǰŵ޲ûκεķ֡
צ˭˵ûУҶʿһԵצ˷ܵĶŽսеޣ̲סʵ
˵˭˵ֻҡŶˣжޣû˵ġҪǰȥʣʱʱ˭˵ġЩĪĺúõģǾʵʱҶʷʲô񾭣ʲô
ˣҾ㿴ֻԳҪİȻЩΣգºһĻرϵڽҶʵɻ
Ҷʵɴ۾ĶǰǰɫСɽһĲţʲô߰ģҲ˵ˡһԵʣҶҲȻˣĲô
ô㣬ʲôôҶԺлӦǾԳ
ȻҶʵĻ䣬ǵͳǾ޻ʹطķ˱ѪǿʵڵҲĶ֣Ҫİںôô㿴
ԳŲӣ¶һСС˸ߣ֦ɲԾĿס˵¡СÿһƬҶӶʣ˸һŻĹʵϵؼԪһСƬնΪ˺ڶ


84 
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ҶʵУǲȭͷСɫĹӾͳΪؼΨһʵ⣬ҶʲԪĸӦǿңжϳһʵǿ
ʵҶʶĸӦҲرҶʿԿ϶ССһöӾ켶ġǹƤסԪŨ̶ҶЩµС
Ҫ֪ҶϴɽϵҩǴ˴ϵҩӴܳġǴսѧԺͷŪҲ쳣ĳΡҶһѡ⣬ѡǰĺ֮ǰõһҩҶʻԥѡǰߡͺ֮ǰһж
㻹ûдӦҵô⣿ټΡԳҶڷûеһʱӦûκεĲбϷͳһƿӣװЩɫҺ壬ɢĲ
ƿһ֣ҶʵгһֱܵĿеҪõɫҺ塣ҶĪǲֹǿҵĿпɫĹӡ
һѡ⣬ѡѡװɫҺƿӣʱҶʻԥĸҪƿӡ
⡣ô㣬㶼򲻹ʲôҶȻֿ˻ûбͷԡ
ԳĶȻãҶʶΪԳɢԳӣרԼͱġȻҶҪܴĹĻֱɱԳԽˡƥﻳ𰡡
ҶҲ룬ãǾҲҪȥԼҪɵ˰ĳȥͻԼһ£ԼҲͽ˰ɡ
ģҼȻ㣬϶а취ġǰ̫أһԪӲҲطܶʱڽҵԪ޽ӵϣ㷢ӳԶҵʵԳƽ˵϶ҶʻӦ
ôûʲôҶǸԿСʹ괬
ģͨ۰Գ˵㻰мƭһͽʿҶûʲôáֻǿԪѣҲô䱸ҡԳҲϳɾ˵һ۾ͿҶڵʲô
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ҹȥһˣáһȶ㿪ԭ·ڣӳ㡣ҶСĶʶ
Ҳ˸ҶЩȻ֪׷ʲôǿҶʱ࣬ڿЦӡʵһûкҶʺ΢΢ĵ˵ͷʾ֪
ҶʼȻ˾Ͳġսվ˾Գǰͬʱȡ˲ϵĹǣУڷʲôͻ״ܵһʱѹϡ
ԳҶʵ˵ͷҶʵע弱ССèСҶʵļͷϣͬʱһɹɾԪעҶʵڡҶֻоڴﵽ͵Ԫڿٵӡ
ͬʱҲ˲֪׶ΣشΧؼһжָơּ̧ɽĲڻ£ָоʵ̫ˡ
ûиҶʹʱĬĬĸܣѪͳʱѪҶԳ̸Ŀ϶Ѿϵơ˫Ѫ죬ϵϢҲ־Ѿ
СЩĸЧȻ˵ʮǿģ⸺ЧӰҲʮ־޴󡣴ʱ˼άңƾŽǰ˼ָжԳҶʵĶߵĿѵ
ҶʱԳԪ䣬ʵθ˺ü磬ʵͬնŶԷѪ˹ҶԭʧѪıϡ
ɫȭͷգݺݵѪı
һ죬СɽѪõ˳ȥһ
ʹѪ˫۸ӵĻˣ˱ŭһڳȥѪɫͻҶɱ˹
Ҷ޾壬ʮԪҶʶһȭʧɫŭţնҵ
ѪӰҶʵĴȭͷײһƬɽһҡΡƬֲˣȫַɢ˿СϳһµӳȥԶ
ԶĽףԪĹôȻǿָо̫ˡҶҲԼŪĶһһڴԾԵĿ
Сӣ㻹Զء˵ĵҶԪֻʮ֮һȴղһһࡣԳʱҶһưˮ


85 Ѫ
ⲻǸոܵô㶼ˣ˼˵ҡôôͱѪˡҪң趼ʶҶҲĻƴΪС̣Ҷʻ治κˡ
Գϵѡ˱죬ʵ˵ͱ˴̣ⲻóġ
Գ˵ҶҲ˵ץʱЩʱ״̬ʱֺôοһԵѪģҶʿС
Ѫĵ־Ѫ˼ͷͻҲһָۿҶʾȻɵԼһѪӵĿˣ겻ٶŵ档
ѪһţҶʡŵأֻǰצϵĻҶʣצб
Ҷ޾壬ԪշڰУֱѪĻ˫ȭ˵ĵۣƶžɽӭ
ѪһצʤһצĻڲϵĵӡɽˣʱֻצشľɽڲϵ䡣
Ҷһ˫ȭӭӣȭȭ⡣ȭצӣһװ죬ղϵѡ
һһϵɱתۼ͹ϰСȭƳĻչ塣
ȻһȭûеѪ󺧣޴Ѫɫжݵĳһ˿
һȭûκεĲ͸Ҳûдκε죬ûʲôƴơͨͨƽͣצϡ
ռѹѸٵͣ˿ˣγһ޴Ŀռһ죬Ѫһ˫צӦˡɺѪͲҰ׵Ĺͷҽõǡ
ԳҲг𺳣ҶΪһֱҶʵԪԵʣҶԪҲܵĸҶһڵԪûһ˿һĵȫƾԼ͵شһȭ
ݰԳ룬Ѫ˫жѪᣬʧȥǣ˻Ҷҧ
Ҷԭزǰһû֪ѪѪеҶʵϣͷİԳҲһͷһġ˱ǣŻԳˣҪְæˡ
ѪݿҪҧҶʲӵʱҶһʧˡռһϸ΢ĲҶʳѪͷϡͬͨͨһȭصѪͷϡ
ͨһȭͨѪͷ­ҲҶһȭ俪ˡ
Ѫ˶ͷ­ѣİ׵Ľõǡһ˫޴ɺӻظİˣʵõȥ
ԳʱжϵԪҶʵļͷһԾ¡еҶʾŵ״̬˳ΧԪҲûǺĸоˡҶʶĿﵽʷĶ㣬Ԫ棬ĸоʵ̫ˡ
ѪˣҶʲûиеɣһʱȡ˹ԼϡղŰԳҶʺȨ֮ƣҶԷԼڵԪôĺ嫣ҶʸоԷҪǿѪ
ôǿĴڣĻᱻѪôҶһɻЩԲ׼Գ뷨
ý䱸ңҲϹˡͨ۰Գ˵ŵĺô;Ի쵽Ҷʵ뷨Գֱӿ˵
һװɫҺƿӱħĳ˰ԳУ̧һ׶Ҷʡͬʱתʧˣ˵߾ߡҶʿĵطԳ΢΢Ĺ𣬴һǳԻЦݡ
ҶæҵĽסԼޱȿƿӣһɻԳô˵ҶǸоʲôطԣ벻ףʱˡҰԳߵʱ˵СС˵ʵԭأԳҲû
˵СҶʷһЩĵطսսŪĲ̫ҶʶΪСˡĲһӽСͱСǺŪպڶˣû˵һ˿һ
Ѫ͸ˣԳˡһ̵ľ˹һĵĶҶʣһ϶ֺá
챾ˣצôãûйҲпͣ͡û˰ɡҶãõԼɫҺ塣
ǺȻ󣬵ǱɫҺԵЩȻˡʮֺˬ͸Ҷʡ
УǹûãҲҪǵġʷ˷ۣʾССϵĹӲȤ
Ŷ̫߳˰Ҫҿ˵˵ֱӾȥ˰ɡ˵Ҫʲôȸ˵ƿĶǲġҶɻˣצתˡѵԼһΣ˭϶Է顣
ô޳ôʿˣǿҶһ޳ܵıƤٺҲЩסˡʵҪѪ


86 ͻ
áҶһļЦĶʡ
ûСϴʡ
вͼҶһĲţ˸ʷ
ûСͷĺߣⶼĸİ
㲻˵УҾͲ㡣ҶʻЦĶʡ
ðɣңңСˣộ˵ôԣ̣ôǰצڿлȦҶʡ
˵ҪһѪʬʲôİãҲӦһͬİɡҶɻˣѪˡʲôôԴԼưҪľжôĶġ
Ϊ밡Ǹ˺ġôСظ̫ˡ˵ʾһǸˣֱˡ
ǵҲǣ㶼ôˣǸӡҶΪǹⲻұĵġҶҲͷͬʵ˵ԼҪͻˣûһɫ
ƨģǱӵİԴ˵ˣȻǣֻҪ㹻ԪܿٻظǱԴȴҪظǰѪáʼ򵥵øҶʽ£ȻȲĳСɽĻʬ
ڿ쳣ĻԾŤ˼Ӿͳ嵽ѿѪͷ­ϷһֻǰצסһõĲλȻͱ˫ۡ
һĻˣѪ֮ǰʩչطʱһģһǾ޴ĻʬŨѪѪľۼһܳһһѪͷ­СѪ
ϱʳȥȫѪĻʬڼˮһʬѸٵı£ɱȥƤëҲʧȥ˹һ˿ϢҲʧɾˡ
ʳȡѪľѪһҡ˻ʬֻǰצסǾ޴ѪѪʼҵĲʱѪɫɢ˿СѪҲʼıС̺첨Ҳıþҡָ׸ǴСһΣ͸ԪŨϢ͸¶
һţСѪ˿Сʵ涼ֳһɳ֮ɫȻĵȥʵҲһ࣬Ҳˡ
˫һ˿ʵ˫צһӣǸɱĻʬѳ˺ü顣һ˿ϲڻظһˣҶʳƽˣҲˡԺٸҽצҲֱڵ˭˵˭צ
Ӵܴ󲹵´ĺôҲԡҶʿĽʺްʵҲ̫˰ɡ
ʵǰģֻ˱ԴԪڲŵġֻҪԴͻơ㣬붼ˡԺʵϵĸ㣬֣ûáʵ˱˾ԣҶʡ
Ӵ˰úۣԤУҾסʵʵĸһȥҶҲʵ䣬ڵõɫҺ壬ǱһöֵɫĹӣӦͻס
ҶʲʣֱߵСǰ̽ɫĹӣһǹӣŨԪҶʵڡҶʸоǱ͵ԪЩȫë׶ˣ˵̹
ҶʶЩƮƮȻˣûֹˬ˵ˬϸһӾժģˬһӺüӡҶʵıҲԽԽһļЦ
ҿժôܲܲҪô¼ֱܲˣˡʿȥˣһļƤ񣬻Ƭſˡ
ٺٺ٣ЦˡҶʺٺһ£عɾǵĿˮ
΢΢һɫĹӾͱҶʸժԪʼؽ˹Ƥڲһ˸ߵĲԾСڹ֦֮ʼɢʵҶƬҲðˡСήˣһ紵һ̳ʹʧˡ
ҶſھöӣŨζɢ˿ڳ˵档ڼһɾԪҶʵСС
ҩʵǹھҶʸԪ븹Ĵ󲿷־Ҷʵɢ
ҶʼʱȫëףûǾԪëʧ⡣ҶҲŵ˶˼ȦǸ˵
ҲҶʵǿͣȻһ¾ܰűҶҲܣʱһͨ죬ȫҲϺһͮͮġ
ҶʼӿתԪΧǧղŵĴսŪһƬǽݲĵҲѸðһƬõ֣ΧҶʳ


87 
õһҶʾͱúЩԪõ磬ԭģӰ΢Щֻ˫Ҳһ˿һ˿鶯
Ȼд󲿷ֵԪУ̺Ԫ˵Ǿţһëڵѹ˵ûм٣ǹڵԪ𽥵ĻѹȸԽԽǿˡ
ҶҲˣ˽ꡣôԪȻڼţʼ޷ͻơϴҶʺòƵǲ谭ҲĸǿˣﲻɵöҵĶˡ
ҲҪܶȹǰһزаȻû˻ҸƨѶԼĻҲŹ֡
һ˿˿ɫѪҶʵƤ˳ҶڿסˣǿҲĽôĶиޡǰҶʲ֪Ƕ٣֪ˡ
Щڣçײ˰̫ˡȰֻԼ̫
ڶѣҶʵܲ˰һɿֲԪſгըѿΧʮɷΧʲôˣһӡ
ͷųһԪҶʶݵһûôˡֻʱģǻûԪֿʼɢҪ˶þܳűҶʡ
©ƫҹ꣬Ҷʷӱ¡˵ùʱ򣬺ˮ찡վʹ֮£ҶûסһСеƿӡ͸첨ɫҺҶע£͸Լڡ
ˣҲȲˡҶޱȵƣѵľҪӢôӺ㣬ҲŹ㡣
ףҶסˣôûʲôӦѵǸİԳƭԼģŪ˵㶫סԼ
֮£ҶЩˡɫҺںֱɢȫҶʸоʲôһֱԼĶˣȫͨʷĵһξޱȵɡ
ԼޱȵϰҲ֮ʧˣڵһһǺޱȵԪ˽ȥҶԼԪһ
ҶҲظ̬ҶʸоһˣؼһвաִΧ֣ҶĸӦǡ
ת޸Źѵ塣ҶͨǿҵĽ⣬ӵǿˣоͽֽС
ûҶʶ룬Ͽʼ¡¡һֱҶʶȥ
Ҷɵˣôô׳ôҪǵ绡˸ҶʶΪһɫСɽˡ
һ磬ɽҶʡҶʲ㲻ֻת׼Ӳ١
ƽʱѧ˴ҶжʱרŵһЩʶ⡣˵ѧˣֱʵü˶ͷˡѧЩƩǰ١ӲȥӭӣԲʲôȥо޴ĺôܽһ壬
ҶȫڣƤˡͷڣһðһ̡
ҶҪˣǰؼ˵һͻ׵ʱ򶼻ӭ硣ָֻͷϸ磬΢Ļϸɶȹ
ҶȿɽϸҲû⣬˵ô󡣿ͽģһҶ֪Լˡֱףڿ㶼ˡ
͸²ûҶѪԼǿ˶ˣͨܿĹôĸ˵ǰܽġ
ûҶʱԹʱ䣬ǵһûжҶʲôʵԵ˺񱻼ŭˣһһһһɴһƬֱ
ҶҲ֪˶ãǰǰããһƬʲôˡҶʶľˣֻ֪תӲǽס
ٲ䣬ҶΧγһ׵žžĵ绡
ҶʴľлعʼȡǺ׵׵壬ϵǿҶʵ壬һƬͨ͸
ҶʷһֵĶֵֻ϶һֵĶϸϸӦ£ҶʳԾˣ޷Сǰ޷ƿϰǲ㶫ԭǱһ㸲ȫƤ֮¡ײ֮ɫҺ壬ȥȫСҶʱΪʧˣû뵽׶ʹԼȫͨ͸·ˡ
ǰɢȫ׷ʱۼƣĲԵñȽϵˡ
ҶʵԪƣǹĶǱͬˣǰһԪ谭Ҷʷý׺ڵԪͬʱȥɢȥҲ֮ǰһ˫ţһ͸˼ΣûЧҲҲͲȥˣҲûʲôӰ졣


88 ˸磿˸磡
Сġʴȣ˽ꡣ
һĳգ˿ֲ˳Ҷʡɱӽ͸ֱȡҶʵüġ
ͷˣɡҶ˫ۣһָ֣ͷס˳ָһĳҶжΪأ˵ϡ
ʵҶʸոսףʶϵʱѾһǱšеȻСĵǱţǵɱ⻹͸¶˳ǱصȻĽ׵ΪҶʲûиеһ˿вԾһ͵ȶȹǰȥʰû뵽ԷôסԼûˡ
һ죬һӰ˳һһ˫ĶסҶʳ˳ޡȻ۲԰ףǴ沿ѿӦʱڡο£һ·ǹһľһûһ˿Ļнľˡ
ҶʶɢűϢˣһɻôرֻҪ;ԲǡûмĻʲôޣҶûʲô
ֵܣֻ˰ɡʶôϴˣҶˣȻǵԼôҲҪԷһѵܾôˡ
˵ֻˣҲô롣ҶãոһǳҪԼġ
ϴˣ㻯ɻҶʶ㡣Ҷʻĺúõģ˸ӵĲˡ
ףеϤŶˣ˸硣ҶͻȻʲô־档˸粻Ŷͻôô˲˹ˡ
ҶʻڳƺԼ˸磬һһҡβˤ˵ϡҶʵһ꣬Ҫװ֣Ҷʷָһ
ǰħһС崿һһĺ˸еԼֻԼ̫ᣬǹֲ尡ʱôûһۿСء
جξǴǸʱʼˣԼ绪ǧŮڱ̨ϣǧڵע£ôӲıҶʰε˿ͷûʹԼĸܡԼΪ˽ȻҶʧЧˣҶʴͷһ١
⻹û꣬Լļеĸ֣Ϊ˸˽ѩܣҶʡԴСˣǿҲ˵ˣȻҶʸˡ
Ӵ˽ġʹˣ˸ŶǸȡ˸е֡˸硱Ӧý˸硣Ҷʵˣ˸ȴˡҶʵǽ˸ʹ֮ϵģ˸ܲ˴˻ȥͷ
˸ȻˣҲͷħˡ޵˸ѿһ£Ļǵȥһǿµġ
ȵսѧԺ·ˣ˸͵͵ĵˣصǡĵȴţȴŻĳ֣ҶһΪ˸绹ص͵˽ŪѪ˥ܣο£ŵҶûܵһʱϳ
ʱ˸һȣ˸Ҳеġ
ҶʶоĤ죬治֪ôݵôܷôǿ
ף˸磬ͦտ㶼ݳӣһΪսѧԺһ˿㣬ûԱءŶðİһ˶ĲˡˣսѧԺһӵءҶʼ٩ţоĹ۲ܣսѧԺһ˵
ȻҶʲһˣһȺսڵҶҲеʲôѹϾոףսһءǸɲͷҶʲòеСڣɽУԷȤԼ֡
ҶʶϣĴʹ˸磬ԼôСôôûдڸôԼѾˣѾҪƴһˣҶʻǲۿԼô
ôˡʲôأһˡ˸ԼĿ飬ҲһεĿˡ
Ŷ˼ֻһˣңҾȷһ¡ʲô£ҶͻȻ뵽ص㣬˰죬ѹûŪף˸Լ
Լ𣬲ܰɣûԼͻôһǰʰôˣڸɣֲʲôŰ񰡡ǿԼ֮һɢԼסˣǰԼСܵġݳģˣԼɲգҪ˵ԼŰСܡ
˸ıˣоʲôûҶʵһܰ˸˵ı˸ݵУ¾˸ֲĹˡҶһţضҪȻʧɫ
˸ˣֱҶʳȥʱһԼֵûˡ
ӿħڹīɱաɢҶʸսɹһƬ͵


89 Ѫ
˸ɢϢ˸Ӱ˵־Ҷʳһ˸Ϣϴνֵʱȫһˡ˫Ѫûһ˿ĸ飬ǴӵĶħڵ״̬ȣǰ˸ʥޱȣ浱Ϻ˸ĳƺ
ģʹʱħйأڶ̶̵ʱڰһĽ۷ʿ˲˹ӣҶ;ÿ£˾衣
˸ֺͲٱħʴ£ֻһɱ֣ɱҶϴˢ衣
ħϣһֻ޴ħצҶץ˹ħצ֮˿˿ƵħɢΧԪȾͬˡڹצӱøӵĴ׳ʵ
ѾܹշеҶʳϣһġԪƵһֻ޴ĽɫƣīצӶԺȥ
ȭײֱ˺գѿɽನչƽ
ȻѾˣҶԷɱ⡣ҶҲͲ棬ΪҶǲȥġҶҪٵĽսϾȺĲ̫󣬿оǿˡҶȻףǻûĿһеΪԼѾ޵ˡ
ҶſԶһ˸硣
Դ֣ǶսǳٵԶһסǻ񽣴ʡҶʾͶʮֵĸȤЩĲооһЩ
ǻǿҽӰڵĳ˹ƾûбҶϼ֡˸ħ䶯ס˸磬ֻظϲλá
õĹǼںڵħõ߹ǻ˼ʵĶƣ˸εػм䡣
Զһȭֱűػס˸ȥһȭܿ죬ձѿ
ȭͷħƵ߹ϣǼܶҡҡûбһȭˡ
ȭͷϵĽڵħӴˮݵֽȻͬԪʼꡱڶˮĶԾ
ԶϵĽȻʵħʱȾͬſеԪԵøӵĺƴ˭Ҳûκס˭ֲ¡
ԭڵۿͻȻҫ۵ĺ⣬Ǵħͷ˯Ǳ˫һֻצ̧գŽĻ
һ˾צĻΧ䡱һ죬ûż⣬Ļһ޴צӡֲѸٿήʧһƬڡ
ҶʲٹսҲս֮ǰûоѵʱ򻹺ãԪֻǻͬšѪɫ˫ʶͬԪǷɶ˻ƴǰӿȥֻһצôһСʱ䣬ڵħƵþʹһࡣ
Զֳȥӭһֻ޴צӡצϵĻӻһһֻеצҲϵץڽڰˡ
Ҷ˫ѸٽӡһͷµҡáſһԪڵħȫڡҡһ䣬һֻ˻ųһֻצӡ
񲻶ϵŭţ񲻶ϵ˻ţסһֱצ顣
˫צסŴ󿪣¶Ǳ߹ǰŵ˸硣Ҷǿ쵽£գ˸硣
һȭصõ߹ϡҶʱֵشһȭõضɽҡ
˻Ƿˣ˫צϵ裬ذ
ꡱꡱڶǼ̵ĹϲϳơɢõȫһǼѿ˾ħȫ˸ڡ
˸˽յ˫˫г˲ɡȻ֮ǰҶͻ˾֪ʧܣ֪һ£ķһ¡ÿ˶Ƕͽ˸Ҳ⣬Ȼ֪ܵлһ˿Ľһɹء
˸Ҳò֣Ϊ˱ĹѾĵ;ƿݵĵزˡȥûкôҶʻԽԽǿ˸ԼҲּ֪ܼˣֻоϢԽԽˡ
ȫľѪ׼˸ĶҶʣҪļҶʵģ˵ԹǴӵһ
Ҷʸоǰ˸ȫĲǿڵԪѪȫۼ˸ϡұ۶ħںѪҺ޺϶ɵϺɫ
˸̧ϺɫұۣʳָұеĻԪʼѹȫעʳָһϺɫѪҺʳָе˳


90 
ϺɫѪһ֣ѪʳָΪģһɫľ޴ħѸٵŭţ״ʱʱ
䡱һ޴ڹƿֱ£ħġ
Ҷʶ񣬸Ӧ˸ʶڹһ첨־ŹںϽϺɫѪС
ڹħʼȫǵϺɫѪСػظʱѪ˵򣬳ΪеΨһ
ꡱꡱڶҶʸеޱȵĻĵǰָ׸ǴСһѪ飬ȻŪôĶ
Ѫ鿪ʼŤΣһԾ޴ڹĳȴѪ˳Ѫֱӱ˿¶һ˫ĸߴӰ
аݣڹĳһͲʲô֮ǰڱҶʱȾѳȫǶĴڣһʥַǰаȻ
ҶˣѵԼ˵ĸǰñȵİױѾˣ״ӱ˵ҪȻ˾ͲôʥˣҶʶʡǰһͲʲô񰡣ֶԼôԹġ
ںڳ˫ѪɫĹâҶʵϡϡϡ죬Ҷûʲô£ؿϵ·׶
˭ٻң˿ڣջ겨ܹǱصĸ
𾴵ĶʹˣǱ΢ٻ㡣˸ƽǳһ㡣
Ӧ֪ٻҵĴ۰ɣ˽ſڵŪָһзϡ
ֻ֪ɱǰˣı󡣡˸ǳˣȻܲɱ˵ɱҶʵĻ
Լɡ˲ŪָǹһĨаЦݡ
ת˸磬һҲʲôĶ˸ݾҵŤȻƽһ̯һ˵ϣʧȥԪ屻Ӳĸ˳ʧˡ
ǣ¶һĨЦݡ
Ҷˣ԰鲻԰ϴΰ״ͬӦñ˸ôƨûзһôƨˣôµˡ
ζþöûгôζĶˡȻٻܳζҲֵˡСӣԲðɣ˷ʱ䣬һŻȥһҲûаҶʷ׵Ϊöûмˣƽʱ͵Ķ׵ġ
Ȼʱٻٻʵԭֻ׵Ϊ׵Լʰһ׵СǷַӵ飬ֱûжֵͷ
Ȼ붯ְ֣Լĸ棬˲ſҶԲÿһЩԼ鷳Сܵõһһȫʬ뷨á
Ҷʲ飬ɵƲ鰡˭ȥ߸˵ľȥɱģԴвô
ι˵ˡввҿǸղ̫ûɲסɣԴװʯͷ˰ɣҶ⻹ǵһμԼҪˡ
ʲôԴװʯͷˣػԶţôײʯͷˡûзӦҶʵ˼·Ҷʽˣˡ
ֻɵƲŻôɵƵ⣬ҵ˼ײɵˡȥȥôҶʼţҲûʲôģҶһ㸺жûС
ҸɣȥŭˣһȭҶʡ
顱Ҷʵ˳ȥȻһֱ˻ͻȻ֣˵ٶʵ̫ˣҶʶûзӦ
ҶطɳȥԶһײ˲ݲСĹľ
Ҷ౻еؿڡһʹдʹҶġѪһķӿɫһƬ죬Ҷתһȥ
ҶʳԾ˵ٶȣ֪˸ӵľȻʱܵٻƣֻ׵ΪҲȶԷ߳һ簡ӦѹԷŶԡǿƽһȭʵ˽شۺԪĹ˵˵ȫһһ˵Ĺ
ľľ˵ԼûɣܾôҶʡ˰ѸղҶʵסһĹ͹鹦ҶʵĹʺˣܸոһƫˣûдҪ
ʧˣͻƿռֱӳҶʵǰͬļһȭȥͬλļȭͷСΧľ𶯣˳ھҲһ
Ҷʴ󺧣ģ˶ԳٶȾǿ찡ǰЩ׼Ҷǿĸ˵ٶȣؼʱұᵲǰ


91 Χ
˺ȭͷҶʺᵲֱϣҶֻоһǿһľԼûκεҶַ˳ȥ
ޡҶſ³СڽɫѪҺ̫ˣʵ̫ˣٶĶֶôһı£ϱ˵ĽŲֻбķݡҶʸоʮֵѻ𣬼ֱľ鰡
Сӣ㲻˰ɣ˳ԾˣֱͲˡϴο˵ǹʺˣԼҲ׼˴ġȻҶʵֱ۵סˣǹһǿһģ㵲סҲܰҶѶġ
ڶԷôһСڵѪȻģƨ¶ûСԼۻˣˣ߰Ķúһˡ
ˣΪٶȿˡ˵ҲˣҿŲˡŶҲԣ㳤һԳͲˡҶŭˣС汬ʿɱ裬̡
ĵͷҶ˹ȥˣ̫ˡֻаķݣϰȷˡ
ҶʳſƲееİ׻Ҳ۵糸ǰֵԶͬΧɱˡռΧ˶תһ˫צ˺죬ץ˺üڹë
Զ󿪴ϣȭż͸¶ŴÿһƶشƶӲƴˡ
׻׺צǴĥ쵶콣ӳ˺üѪۡ
ҶʸǴ˻Щû꣬òϢˡѪȻ˸磬˸绪ŪˡһսҪԼģҲлοǲϳԿҶʡ
Ҷʷٻ˰̨һȥվڵ̨ϵҶʼԦ̨ײȥĹ
һĹͱΧסˣЩ£Щġޱȣռ䣬׽ΡԶư磬һشתӲƴԼȻܡ׻Ʒƥɱ֮˱ʢ
ҶٻĮ̇һֲֿҲòСķ
ⶼˣûôǱˡԼûģԼͽ׵ıȵôǱ˿й˵ٶȣʱΧסˣʩչй˵ʵڱΧûа취Ըһг˱
Ҳˣһһâֽ
һͨںڵĴ󽣣˵Ǵûʵ壬ֻǴӽıٻһƽɡ
˵Ҳˣŵġǹ˵ٶȣȺսصɴг󿪴ϣӲƴ޵Ĺ
Ȼ㣬ҲȵķӲȫʵһˡǱϾǣٶҲҶʼˡгΧˣҶʶĿ죬ûꡣ
Զ񡢰׻ûôˣʱɣζࡣջǳܵĹͦ˹һּս
м꣬Ϊһ򵥵顣ȴסˣҶʸǳӵļԦ̨ʱʱײһǣ̨ϲµĲòȥסҶʵĶ򡣿һеĹͼˣԼ濹Ĵھͳô˻ᾡչѧ
˷ˣۿɼħеĳ˵ζЩˣϾʵ壬ͨѪϺħ϶ɵģܳʱڡ
˾˳һܡһȦµڹɢǷĽ֮ȫп
ԶıȽϽ׵ıСȫĵֵûֹ˿ֱӱ壬Ͱ׻ֱӻޣʧǰ
Ҷۼ⣬һ˴йħ֪̨Ҷݻ˼£ɢӨӨâ
Ҷʵע£ڵĽӨӨĵ̨װһ𡣰̨İҲĻޣǵҲֻҶʵľҪ϶ԷһףȻй̨ϸͲκεķӳ
Ҷʳһ亹ǽҪԼϣ³Բ˶߰ɡ
ҲЩ⣬Ȼ֪ǰ̨Щ¡ƾҶʵʵӦû޷ȫӳ̨ܣһаհҶ˵ġ뷨õģʵǲпģǳϵġȻ̨Ҷƨ¶ûУûˡ
û˾ûˣٽԼΧҵĴڣҶ̨ҲˣҪҶʺÿɴ˿ɼֵǶôǿӦֱˡ
ҶŪ֣ҶκεϢ׼ʱ䣬ὣͳȥ


92 
ۼѾԼȵʩľ޴ľѧû֮ǰôǿʢˡʱֳ˹ҪɱҶҲȡڳǹӭȥ
ǰ˵̫ǿʢˣҶʻеС¡ʱƶҪʰԼҶʴϲ浱ԼˣôһֱϲĶʰˣǲǰ׻ˡ
Ҷһڵĳǹ˻ƻ˹צǹ裬â²ǹǹա
һѴ󽣴󿪴ϣûжôڱϸ߳Ҷһ磬ڳħ֧ӲҶʶ˸൱
ϡϡϡǹ󽣲ϵײһĻǣתۼ˾ͽϰٸغϡ
Ȼ˵ħ㣬ҲҶڵԪЩҶʵʽʵ̫ھǧ֮ӲǺ˴˸ʤ
˼ħĹע㹻ħ֧£޽ӻһڡ޽׵£Ҷʺǹȥһʹ˫ֵˣǹղַɳ
ץס϶еҶʵץȥħƣ˺˿ռ䣬˿˿ĵ绡Ծ˸
Ҷʴ󺧣ץԼŴ򿪵š˫ַɽ˱Լǹסľ޽ͬצץĵħצ
Ҷ̽צţ׻ӰڲơŨĽɫԪˮ顫ɫ͸ʱսе˶ûз֡
顱צҶʳԪϵİȻ׼ȷץס˶ԷħצǶԷħצȥƲƶҶʵصײҶʵϡ
ҶʵֵסһˡҶŴ·ҲָҲӡ
Ҷһƺߣ˳ȥʮ
Сʲôռ˱˵ͻȻ˿־塣
еҪսսҶᶨһʵǿƲϻͷ
ҽһأҶǹȥһǵҶд󶨣ԷħʼˣֻҪڲһᣬҶаհ˻ɱ
Ҷеĳǹ趯ԽԽ˳֣ǹһӰҪˡҶûʲôʽ󿪴ϵһδҰˡ
˵ֳֽҶʵĹǵ㡣ȫû֮ǰճҶʴˣԵЩŵˡ
ҶȻЩ֣ǻѵá˵ҶʹӵˣһͷαҶʻ˾裬˵һֱûãѵ׼ʲôɱУҪһٸɱԼ
ֹ˰ʮУҶʾòԾˡ˵ֺ⣬ʱȻȻĴһߣƮƮĺûһ˿
Ҷ룬պǱԼ֮ġ˻ʮֿ־ԼʲôѵԼֵԭ
ˣʱ谭ԼǶӿôѵǣеĳǹˣҶ˼
ǹ˻˫ֳǹֳֵǹһҶûм٣еĳǹգˡ
еĽᵲӭ˳ǹ
ʱҶջص̽ץ˶Էս֡
һУһеĴַȥײҶʵĳǹͬʱεתתܡ
Ҷһ˴󽣡ٺٴЦ׷ˣԼֵԭ򡣺ͦģ˶Էһ£־ͷˡ
˻Ų·嵽ʵķһֱһԶŹսʺٺһЦһββǱһ˵Ľסһˤ˵ϡ
Ҷʿٵĳ㲡ҪҲľͳŵϵ֣תԪµİһ顣
ʿһ񺮣䣺СҶӣ㰮ر𡣡
һ˵һˣҶ˾ò񫣬ԼҲֵĸһ顣ĻĶˡ
ҰرһûܶôҶͷĺߣԼղŵĶȷʵйġ²ֹһͷĺˣĴ˸
ףôˡѵղǾʱ㷢ܣųľɱУеתˣĲˣô˵ϡ
ܿ׵ôˣȲ˵ˡҶʲˣȽǰ˵
Ҷ˺˵һںڵĳȻ̧ž˶ȥ޴ɽ嶼һΣ˱ȵıѿ˾Ԫɢ˿СҶеһԳȴûκεı仯ʵѪҺڵ䡣
ᡣҶʰеһӳ򶪸ʡ
ʱҶʸɵĴ󽣣ħĽѿ̵ľƿҪߣҶʾн˻˳ǹڡóǹһ˿ɭɱ⡣


93 ·
ʰսҶűһԳתͷɿ˳ȥȻ˵Ѿܹˣɭпзбڵϱٶȸ졣Ǵ˵ȺŪ˴ĶʱڴҡڵڿзɣǲͳЩ˵Ļô
ȻҲ֪̬ԣʵʵĸҶʵ󣬲ûзһ졣һ˫צεİסһ˫޴ĳ۾ðСǡ
϶һ˰죬ͣǲ·Ҷʷֺ·ˣһСΧڶε˰ˣûεȥ
Ҿ֪㲻ס񣬻ʲô׼ûȻһֻ룬ֻаֻķˡҶŭˣʴܵʱܵķɿ졣·Ҳףô׵ô
𰡣ĹϵֵֻôⲻħɽЩ仯ôûϳˡڨڨЦ
˭ڽɽʱĵİϵġ˵ʲôģħɽζһֱûжĸı䣬׼ϵĳⲻһ·Ҷʲ飬š
ʡ
Ҷʡ
žžҶʺиһֻ޴ĳ򡣴ʱѾĽƣ֬ϵĵ䣬ڻУûյġûʲôϣֻ˳ɭһЩζĲҩԭ̬ĿҲɢŨζ
Ҷղû˵ֻʰֻ򡣱ϾһôˣҲֵˡҶʵɫģزǻ˭ѿҲӡ
ûһ˿УȻˡǱϾ࣬һһҲûа˿ʵİˣʱ˲ǿѡ
˵֮ǰ಻ѡƵħҲҶʲϲ⼯˴ĳ治ۣʲݵġ
ˣ֮ǰôһͨȻͲˡһСһڵϣ׸ʳԵͣϻпѯҶʡ
ʵǸее㾪棬˰Ҳûס֮ǰһɱ֮֮һҶʳ¾Эˡ̫û˰ɣ̫԰˰ɡ
̫ڶû㶮Ҷʴھ׽ţﺬĻشš
ǰɣѵǸܡ֪ôĴĸֱһ΢Цųȥһͺˡˣеᶼ˵ϡ
֮ǰȻһֱ˿ҶʵЦЦЦ˵ԼšҶʴʱģĻشסˡее㵰ˣջҲе
һ˵ûŪϵصΰô¡ҶһĺߣҲ̫ˡ
ʲôصΰʺͿˣղûзʲôرİ
ҶҲ˵֡ûתȻҲûнɫԪ͸ĲӿֶסҶʵơΧĿռŤȻصɫ͸ǴʱҲſռŤš
ʺĴս˹ۿûκεв͸¶üЩţûκιĶܰ˸
ôôһֻצӾҶʵȥҪԼԸ£һ̸α
𶯡ҶһĿʵצӣҪҲһˡԼֻûо͸֪ô⿪ǵʱ򲻿ܰʾͶɣô졣ô죬ֻбˡҶʲԸֺõ£ֹʡ
ԣôԸ¡ﱧԹţצӡ
žҶʼûĿʵצӡ
ⶫҲûиףղǺġ֮ǰһֱ޷ͻƾΪֵΰͻ־ۼϣûʲôؼʱΪУˡҶʵĽһ䡣
Ŷͦİǵʲôáʺޱȣɰʵס
ĵطᱻסԪҲ޷תҶֻ֪ţϾǲŷֲõġ
뵽˸ղ˺ҶʶԾкҶʵһ£ʱ˺ܳԾӣȻ־һֱˡ˻Ų·ԼŵҶһͨȻ˾׸ˡ
ϲܲҲҵ㣿ļЦԺҪʲôƯӣҲȥֵһͨȻӾԼˡ
ʱҶޱȵĿģޱȵĲļֱĶҪˡľ鰡
ԼҪģҶҲʵ£ôɵշţЧ
Ҷһתص־ץסʵһֻǰצȻʵǰצ޷תԪˡҶʳΰʵצָֻˡҶʺٺЦעһΰȻƯڿеžһ
ʱӶ޷ˣΪħɵģɡ


94 ʧ
ԴϴγԿоΰѾʱˣʱʴҶʾɽвϵҴܡ
ҲҶʸոսˣսһءѾ˳ʰ˲ٳޡһһĶСĽһ·϶ԼԪͨ˺ޣ˲ʳޡ
Ҷʵʶǿ󣬾ǿޣҲıҶʸ֪ǰܿˡһ·Ȼ̼Ҳоյġ
ҿʵܲˡ㲻ʶ·ҲޱȣëԼҪ·һ㶼סҶʿҪˣȥʲôʱܹɽ
ԭһɵҶͻȻʣһԾһŴϣȫϢ˹Ϣ״̬
ιСҶӡһһէĸʲˣͻȻͱҶŷһ
ꡱҶûʣһơ
ĻĿ궼ûҵʧһֵܡһֵ˶ͬʱʱвȶ֦ͽŲҶϵɳɳ
ǰĸ˵Ϣ˵øƵġҿǺ˵ģôëûп
ӦİɡôǿԺǿ϶˵ģǹ˶ǿҲҪô
ޣļٵġҪǻȥԺҴҲħɽˣֱЩġ
ҿǰŮ˰׻Ķ̫ˣڳϺ˰ɡ
Ȼ˷һˬʵĴЦȺеɢ˲١


ҶȺǽѰģҪһʱҵϵһʡûҵ֮Ҳоǿ߸ʱ򿴿ܻܲˮ㡣
¼һħɽɱ޵ðߣпһƬϵĽȺһգ۵ĹͲˣôҶҲˡ
ð߻ΪԼۻˡǽųһĻе޶ħɽȥʵСĶСøȺҪ֪ʵΪ𣬵ȼɭϣƽռЩС޿ǿܵԶԶˡ
ħɽȺ춯̽ҲͲҸˡϾСҪһҪǳʲô鷳ˡ
֪Ѷ˵̽߾˳ħɽȥһھƹݺȾƣͰεľ̸ʽ˳
˶û⣬ΪǾƺͶˣں
ڶоǿˣŪ̽ĵġǿҲûΪֻϸľԼ̽Һһһʱǿ߸һңȻȥˡ
⻹꣬ļʱ䶼вƽռеһĳǿ̽ǲͳ׵Ĵˡ
ʵľŶӽðգһиӦҲЩıϡ˶ֵĻҲӦҪһЩʵǿľͶ׼׼˶Խ


˽Ҷżǿ߶ޱȶĵż϶ʲôöȥ˳Բ⣬һôȵпܵİɡ
ҶתͷһߵʣʱҲ˫ðСǡˮĵδ죬Ѿڻõ˱֮˰ɡ
ȺðѾԶˣҶʸϽ˻ڰεʣϽĸȥ
һȺðߣƽΪҲ׵Ľ׵ӡҶʺԶԶĵ˵󣬼ѾˣҲͲһȺð߷֡
ҶҲʶ·Ҳ֪һȺ˿еʧ¶ͷģԾԶԶĸţ⼸̽·ڼʣҶ붼ûˣô׵򵼣ҶʻһӶ߲ȥֻɽ³õ˷ϣþͱ޳ˣת˷ϡ
һ·ϣûʲôޡ⸽Ҷתһ飬в۵ĶҶʴһԵˡһʱĻûбռ죬иһȺ̽һЩϡ
û˵˺üȺûʲôҶ໥䱸š󶼸ɢȥˣΣķɽУǲҪ⶯ɱúá
ȻҶڱӦͻ¼
ʱҶʸӦһֵĲƽȴӲɣʱĺظС
ǰ⻨һٵľǮ̹ѯһЩϸڣֲɣĸоûˡ죬ǼӿŲĸϹȥ̽һ˾ϲ˵һ·Ѻȴˡ˼õϲ
ϴ¡¡ƿһӰնСף˵Ϸͣһ£ɨһۡҶʵͣ˺ܾãһԲȥˡ
ҶһʲôһƧһĸ֣ҺǸֶԼȤҲûʲô𣬲Ȼʹˡ
·һȺ˲֪Ҷʵĵģʱޱȣһ֡˸ǰǰضʲô֡񣬸Ͽ졣


95 ǿƼ
ĳǸȺ̽ߴһǿļⶼɽöˡʲôʧëûзһʲôˡ
ûҵ˵˲ٵΣʧ˲ٵĶѣԼҲ㶪Ҫˣ뵽ôĴʲôûеõЩĲʡԾѾʼڻˣԼֵֵһ뵽ѾôˣôҲҪջһЩر˵Ŭš
ǰѾ˵׼׼˾͵ǱϾ˵ҹôãЩ˼һЩͬŻˮ뷨ð⡣˵ǿˣħɽе켶޶ûмˡȻҲֻǸҪһͷޣһȺ˻ġ
ʱ˵оͺһǿߵĴĸоˣǿ߻Զôǿ߶ˣʧԶôаQҰοš
ǿ߷ɹ˵ɢȥԶħǷǳĶʱƵģҲӲ·ӵ˼¡ΧħҪôľѾɽģʣĲľͱֵѹסˣĺúõģҳϷðˡ
һ·϶ûʲôΣˣԽĿðҲԽࡣ
вʱоǿߴҡڵķɹۡҪŬһҲϵǿκ˺£ҡڵҡС
ȻҲһǿפ㣬ðѡһЩʵǿģ֡Ͼ֪˴εҪѶʱ䣬һȥ˲赹ˮջҲǲġ
Ҷͳ˶ʱȺУΪڸˣڶֻеʵӡҶ±֣ϵסԼһֵΪȷʹ̽ҲӦȻЩǲģΪߣҲҪġҶʻԼ˫ۿ
ڸһʾ͸ӵĺðˣֱûҳȫľˡ
ȺҲвٺҶͬɫͷɫðߣҶʵȥȾͷƤ
ѡе˸߲ҵıЮˣûбѡеҲ٣ˮĴ㡣ֻ˵Ľ²֪ļӿ˽Ųƴǰȥ
һξ͹ʱ䣬ҶҲȺл졣˶ľݵʱڿǰȺˡ
ǰһƬشľܵħɽԵЩ룬̫ͷˡ
ǰһƬ޴ĿյأյϿӿݵģһƬߣһĹ֣ΧһЩײϵľ
ʿĿɿڴͳĴģӶҪˡҶʸǰһڣļٵģƭ˵İɡ˭ôֱôȺԱлôľ֣ѵΪƭң
ܺܶͬЬµˣû֮ǰҶսĵطʰѪͻסȻʰ˸磬ʰǰͿˡϵĹ֮ĻҶһĹ͵ģôܲʶء
ҶˣצôáѾԼħɽˡҪʧżĲסڶޣԼ붼Ѿ׶༪˰ɡ뵽ҶʻĴ˸ʵ˫Ҳһ˿⡣
ʸղſط֪Ҫ⣬ȻҶʵ۹ɨ˹Ҳ룬תȺ漷ȥҶҲڴעĿѹеŭ𣬴ºʰ
ʱ˾ڿյΧΧһȦǿ߾Ҷսߵľϣһ˶ռһǣơʵ˶յظԶĵطҿǰ
ȺԽԽֱ࣬ܲ͸ˡҶͻȻ뵽һޱȵ۵⣬ҪվڿǰλõʿͻȻۣҪʵǿȺĻҪԼĿɡ
ҶҡͷɢԼĵа˼룬˳зǰȥȺΣҲƾһΣԿ˵뵱оˡټϹ˵ȻҷסһΪûа취ãǶԸȺձĽҵʿ㹻ˡ
ҶŤŤľͼһǰλãۣҰֿ֪м켶ڴûԼʲô£Լһ͵ġ̵ôˣҶҲû롣룬ҲڵҶġ
ʱվڶ˵ļ˺ҲǺƽӦʲôڡ˴˼Ȼûж֣ǶϵĽ档εƲϵײװ졣
˶ǲΪƵĻ˭Ҳβ˭
ɿϹ·ˣѾ뱬˺üֻˡѽӽͱ˵ƽ÷飬ڿбһѪ


96 ·
Χ۵̽߶սսģһȺһСģûпסǲǱСɨĵùҲ̻һѿ
ûûεҶʵûеЩͻ״ҶƾԼʵҲܹȻߣ¶Ҳûʲôģ˲ˮˡҲԶԶĲţרõʵôĵù֣ˡ
Ͼе߾֮
ޱȵĿģҲģôһȺ񼶱ֳڶ񼶱ıǲʱ䣬ҶҸҶʻԥĻشǳҸевУиСһ£һ྿ģǾ͸Ҹˡ
ϵĽ˭Ҳûռƣʱֲ֣ܶڱȴʧĿʱϵĹ¶˳ʡ
һֻһͬ־ͺˡþ㿴ʺ㡣һ췢󺺵ĵϷƫƫһӡͺ˵һǳʥ飬ȫڿЦ
˵˵ĻƬһǿҵĶԱЧڳĲ˶ľ·ðסˣЦǰĲֱ˾Ͳֵˡ
µϵ˾ȫˡ췢󺺵Ļ䣬վϵļ˶Ц
ͷĳëɣʲôõġҿǼϷﲻƽ˰ɡΪܣΪ١༥İɳԵĴ󺺸һ䡣
췢иʵġҲ֪ˣϵĲˡڿҪ˵ʱƫƫܵľˣͻƣԪӣԽԽơڲӱĶѾˣǻģԪյļ󡣹ʴ˺гĶ˵£ʵϲġ
㡭췢챿
˵ѵ򲻹ôԪضҵĲ
ˣҪֲǲ֪ͷͳƤֺȥ췢Ҫ֣Եһ˳
ߣһ˵ص˽ˡ췢һߣ˦һݻ˵Ľ飬ơ
ҿңҶ˰ɡʲôºˣСӲһסȴûзŹԷĴ㣬š
췢ͰͷŤһߣװڿһҲû˻ӦоڳϷȤҲͱĿˡ
Ҷۼ⣬Ŀʱ򣬺췢һ
ԴˣҶʲɵôΪŶǰֱ̫ˡʵвŶ֣Թھѹȶֱ֣ұģ
ҶʵĿеĵλҲڵһأ·˸֣ż֡͸ֵĲ໹̫˰ҪŬˡ
ʱмԪԶ˶Ťͷȥձ۾Ҳ۾ĶŲķ򡣿Կϵļ˶˷׿˸˶ԹΧ£һ
˵ٶȿ쵽˼£һգ۵Ĺ˵Ϸȵͦ˿Сȵļңңԣеš
һȺǿޣεļҲǱһҰ޵ޱ仯ģֿ࣬ʴ˱һԡ
Ϊ׵һͷ˸ߵѪѪȫӨ͸ûһ˿ɫͨѪ죬ǲۣһ龧Өĺɫꡣ
Ҷʿĳ֣ջһ꣬һ֮ҪԼЦϣûϵϣûϵҶаҪǳϹϵ鷳ˣмǿҪɱԼ¾ǶһָͷĹɡ
ʱѪ˫ȫ͸¶ɭ̹ǵɱ⡣Ƭľɭɱ̼£ҶƬƣ¡
࣬ǺôĵӡҳɱҵĺӡѪ˫ɱ̹ǡʱ˵ɭ˶̲ס˼˫۱һȡů
ʲôᡣǲŸոյãôܾɱĺӡ˵ĺҲʶ۱ݵĻӦýһ岮ʲôġô֡ң˴ǽûпĺӡ֮ǰȰ췢󺺵˿˵ƽ
˶üͷ˭ɳĺ¡Ҳ̫ˣڱ˵ĵϣȻɱ˵ĺӣô
˭ɱѾҪˣѪôҲ١ʱҪǰѪѪԼĵϷ˶ͷʹʱⲻһѪսʧֲ֪ʲôʱ֡


97 鷳
Ѫɲܼ˵뷨ڼԲߵʱֿˣ岮˵ĺʱˣǵǾҰ¼ġ
ʵﻹǷǳǵġˣ⻰˵ġ
˶һıӣ˿ô˵пŶȡֻħ⣬ݵĲԡ˵ʲôȱҰԣǷħζЩԻҰζ
Ѫˣʽ飬ҲҴۣ˵ˣ첻һǲݵġ
侲ЩĲ֪ʧϾҪˣҪȽʧ飬һ취ɱӵ֡κ췢ҲˣȰ⻢ٰꡣ
췢󺺸еޱȵıӦΪʧ顣Ǳ䣬Ϊ˴ֻšʱͱ˵ģȻú췢󺺺ܲˬΪ˴ȴҲòȰ⡣
ôΣҿʱ϶йءʶ̽£ҲֻǼɱҶӵʵµ˲߹Ҷ컹ࡣѪɭȻ˵
仰ȼ˵üͷ˵ʵ̽ˣϼһ̽Ҫˮ㣬ؼʱӵĸôһ¡
˶̽˺ü飬µЩȷʵҲҲʲôǿˣû뻢ĶӿıǮֳվ΢Ȼûиɹֳؼ󶼶Լ˲ǰٿĪ硣
ҪǸǰʹˣ˶һǿߣƽʱ˾ģ˭ܹʱͲڣʧĵַڱ˵ĵϣһȺûһߡҪͶԷ־鷳ˣԵĳԲ˶ߡ
˫˵ˣռ϶˸ɵģʱ˶˵ˣΪǶԷ顣ǰһһҲͬʱһ
˽תԪţŶĻһڡ
ѪҲ˻һԪתųšһɣѹˡ
ɪɪһϵ̳սһ
ҶʰңҺԼʱ裬ܵĹ졣ҪǱϻץʣ¡ƹͷᱻԷȥڴʱ½żҲű˺ڹҶʾ͹ܲˣ˸ߵĶš
׻˵úã㲻µ¡ѣƶϦ޺ãֻǽƻ衣
ҶͬҵʣȻҶɱѪǺôʬҲġͲͬˣСѪ͸ˡű˵ʬ壬˲˵ıʬ˾Ѫָʵˡ
˵Ҷ£ʸ¡Ҷʱץס֮ȥѪԽмӹɷϻɭ֡ʱץס˵ĻǼӹϻɭֹֻĶƻҪһΣȻڻһɭ֡
뵽ˣҶʺʻĴ˸
֣Ǻ°ôɰ⺬ĻජŸһȺ
ȺԶɢóһĴ·˶𾴣𾴣Ҳֻһͨ·ͿˣûҪⱾӵȺڳôλá
ǰֻеһɲɿܵĴȻͲıһԡ
һӥǣ뷢԰׵ͷδȵˣȺ֪һ켶ĸ֣ǿԺ㿪ЦĴڡ
ͷһȺɫͬɫҲͬꡣȻʵ죬ǲĽ۷Ĵڡÿ˶ɷ
ͷ˳ȺпճͨǰУ
ɲ飬Ⱥзֳĵ·ҶʵԱߡ֮ǰҶӲͦûжӲվԭûжʱҶЩˣ֪ǣҶʳͶ㵽һˡ
ͷŵȺҶվͷһڶԾ֦ͷһǿվͬһ߶ȡ
ڴһȺǲôģȻ֮±Ƚ٣ΪͲһˣձ̽ߡ
ĴľȻսѧԺԺͷŵһȺȻսѧԺѧԱˡкЩҶʶʶǰöһμӵ
Ҷʲɵø̾Ĳٵʲôӣôʲôù鶼еһˡĻһʼΪʲôĺôƨƨߵľ͸ˡ
ҪҶѡһεĻҶһѡˡڳЩ˶ҪԿһҶʵˡ
ҶʸϽͷŤһߣĵȺ
Ҷʴݱܷâ


98 ͷ
𺰵ôУҸ㲻졣ˣսѧԺԺʶһܶһ
ԺͷԵһ㶣ҭòСĺһ˴к˲㣬ʲôܡͷǱҭסˣһû
սûʲô飬˵ֲǲ֪˵Ļ쵰ԡ췢󺺿ԺͷΧȻЩ顣ʱսԱһͬĸо
Ҷһ㶣ͷҲǾʶˣʱ֪ͷ֡սս񡣹ֲƽʱһֱоͷĻȡúðСͷԼ֫ֲԱ
˵ִӲμ˺ͺƧͷٰͻȻѯսĿ顣
սһ㶣֪«ʲôҩֲʲôܵ飬֪΢¾Ͷ֪ˡʱѯʣսǸееˡ
սƢǲͲϤ˴кģ֮ǰкҲʱ£¡Ͼħ޷ǿҪЩֲռơشǰʲôȷ¡
ǰⲻսûáΪչѧԺߵеҲáյħɽı߾˵ʲôʧ飬粻ɰҪȽˣӦǰ飿ս򵥵Ľ˾䣬Ȼ󿪿£
ʱڳ壬棬ĶУʱһ⡣켶ĶĿǰλþֻһļǿߡսļ˶ʶǾʶһӪġԴʱ£ϣǡ
˵δܶ飬ɼͦһļЦûлӦս룬׳һӼ⡣
㡭ȷʵǰˣҲû˵ܡսдŭǿѹͷŭ𣬴ʱҪ˴ˡ
սЩɻȻûʲô壬ҲûʲôڡĽʹȥˣʱö˶̸飬֪֪ܲҲûбҪô˵棬˵ûжĹϵôô
ս̵סսѧԺѧԺ̲סˡ֮ǰʱֺı鲻ˣϻġԷ൱ֻɳҶһˣ͸ɷ˼һȺ֡ƽʱҶܿıܿ⣬û뵱ĳϣô˵ǰ˸˵ˡ˶о޹⣬ûеȥʵǣ˵˵ʵҲǡ
ûдʹ˷ŹԷˣ˵˵ֻһˣͰߵһȺеĸָɷˡڼ䣬Ǻ񻹳׵ʿȥɱСӸɱˣΪֹ񻹴ѪˡҲ֪;˵ĵ׶ԲԣҪս˸ҽ
ҶСӵʲôϵͷģսûˣԷ˾ҪҲġ
ҶСǴ߳ģ˵ʲôϵˣЩӲ
⻰һڣս֪ôˡҵ̩ɽ˽ܺãǹĽ飬ҶʳͷҲûʲôֵˡսû뵽Ҷǳҡ
Ҫ֪϶ֹҶʵı˽ϴ˻ǲµ˵ģûвн鷳ˣͷӵĻӣǽˡȻҶʲûܵʲôʵԵ˺ǻ̵ͷӻЩô
ʲôԳģСӲͷصģԼѾˣõǰôͷôҵǺռͬȻ˻Ϊһ߳ȥĺӶû˹ܵģ۸۸ģɲСǿӲûӦΪʱ䳡϶òҲûӦΪԷ˶ò
֮һҶҲһ㶣û뵽Ŀеżôһû뵽żϹϵʱżϷΪԼͷԼԹۣоʵ̫ˬˡǰɽϵʱֻǾͷʵǿе㸹ڣƢҲȽϺòȻҶҲûеӰע򵽴ϵҩϣĲûʲôֱ۵ʶ
ʱôһ˵ҶʲףͷԶԼʱ¶ЩӦǶ˵ָ֣סһľǿߡ
Ҷ߿Ź񫣬˼䣬ֿˣСһˣһͷˡҾҵҪô
Ļ䣬Ҷʾ͸оһɾ޴岻ڿնϣվһԡ


99 
ҶʣԭСһֱ
Ҫ㷢˾ͺˣҸ£ڶ
ǰǰһ·϶˵ǲҪһȺ˶򲻹һ
˵һȺ򲻹һûҶʶԾļɫһֱܳô
㻹˵
ҡ
Ⱥ˺ܴĴƽˡʶĺ޲ҪҶšðĽĽҶôõ˻³ɳôоǿߵָҩ֧֣ɵӶܱɸ֡ȻҲڰ̾ϢҶʶôˣôԼûлʶأҪҶϳˣûùϵҲմһˡ
ΪҶʣʶģǲʶģﲻƽˡ
ܱôģҶҲ֪ʱһڨЦվǰûг׵ϸ֮ǰҶҲ̫ڵķǰҪôĹɣжôĹɡ
ٺ٣ǰôϳġ㶼ϵóҶЩˣԼ϶ģ
Ҳһ㶣ֻҶʵĶԹˣûע۲ҶʡʱҶһģһҲȫǻҳۡʶ˸Ϳʶ˲ϸҲҪҶץ˳Ҳ޷Ҷʡ֮ǰҶֿĵ͵Ҳѹû˰ϳ
ͷǰˣʲôˡҸյһۿʱ򣬾;񣬲ǻصͣ۲ܾôҪǻϲҲ۾ϹˡּĨȥҶϵණϸɸɾģһྻ¡
ҶҲǣҪǴͷԼʲôص㶼ĻϳԼͲˡʱһμʱ򣬵ʶ̽Լôãϵļαװƭۣƭֵʶ
ʵԼˣֻǾҶʺ񣬹ʴʶӦ£ҲȷȻʹҶһˣαصȵڡϳҶʵʱǿսһȺʱҶʵı鰡ʲôȫˣ뵽ҶʺսѧԺò˵Ĺ£ȷҶʵݡ
ſңҶʵĹʣʲôʵҲ̫ⲻҪҪҶʵĿкҪҪǸҶҶֶŵģСҲˡҶʺ̸ϵʱʵ
˳ķȥֻһȺһһҶΧм䣬Ҫװߡ
֮ǰʶҶʣȺСײ⼸ˡ⼸һʳıȽأôҪװȥǮ˼ҵСǣǵ˳׬һǮʱʾȻܿ˵һȺ˸ӵĿˣǮӦܶϲ١
µʲôҶʵĹʣһȺȫľû⡣أû˵ʲôʲô˼أǵҶôҲһôݵĳһ㶼һ㶼ûࡣ
ҶʿЦãʵļʵȫͲǴ򲻹ʰ⼸ˣҪȫûʲôġʱͷëˣԹעġ
ҶҲûΪˣָһӣ˼ˡȻһʾнǰ
ʻڣǿҶһĲƣҲڨڨһЦʵ
Ҷʵһ֣˶һ㶡սѧԺɫ;ˣҶʻû׾ʰûƢҶʶˣǸûƢˡ˶ҧгݵģ޲ðҶʸˡսǴӵ۵ģ˫ðĶҶʡǵսǿҶʾͿƲסԼ
ôսô˵ĸѵǼҶˡ˵㻹ͦ󷽵ģǰҶֻѪΡлл˰ǰһҶʵǰսӺ֡
žشĲս񻰣ڳҲû˵
һѪɫĹӰմصĻӰѹ죬ֱ׼ȷ˵ֱҶʶ
һ㶣Ϊƽ׵ġӳ٣۹ĵǬװһ硣
ҲգصĳѪɫӰ
ѪȥҲջ˻ӻ֡
һѪɫӰǻβͣסˣ˻ȥ
һν淢ڵʯ֮䣬˶ˣûŪ
⻢Եĺ˭·֮ǰҲһֱûг֣ʱȴͻȻĳˣҪǣҶʶΣˡ
ˣ֮ǰԾû⻢һֱսսûг֣ôͻȻˡ
Ҫ˵ˣսҲЩΡѵ⻢ͻȻˣҪͶ뵽Լⷽ˴γֽѵԷѵΪ˸ԼºøС뵽սҡҡͷ˦ʵʵ뷨


100 ¶
ʲô˼ûǹ㣬ȴң浱Ǻǵôɫƣһĺ˪
ȻԼҪɱҶʣҺԼʵǿҪͲˡǴǵ˵ոպҶϣɣԷȴͻȻˣȫûа۾Ƚ׵ĸ˵ͻƲһʱ飬ӾԵҪˡ˵ʱǱҪ顣
ķŭ֮ͬǰļ˾ԵøĿˡոձޱȵң˰Ŀǰ״ŭԣжôѻ𡣴ʱˣв˵ɡƶѣ˴ָãһط
ʲô˼Ҹʱǵôһ˪̹ǣɭĻﶼҪ˶ˡ
ʲô⣿˵㺢ӵ飿Ҳ͸߹ôĺҿûпҪɱģһ᲻ôԸȷʵԸʱ
ҲǣҪɵĻմ˹ŹֵĸԣĻϡԲҴŵģ˾ͱ졣
ȷʵɱġҲûиӦҺӵϢ˫Ѫ죬˸һַ񣬲һм˻ڻģѹԼŭ
Ȼ㶼֪ɱģ㻹ʲô裿ԷûԼ侲Щӵɻˣ֪Լɵˣջôϡ
ͻȻ뵽һ⣬һԼҶʵģֻԼվҶʵǰ׵ܵ˹뵽תҶһۣޱȵĹ졣һȷʵǻͷһ㶼û˵һ棬ѾԼӵĴһ鷳
ȻҶһڨЦĿЩ˼Ѿܹ֤ʵĲ²ˡʸǡݡһҶʵ󣬴Ҷʵļ¶һԴСĹ۲ǰĶ
ҲѾ֪ô˰ɣǲ˵Ҫץ޵ôôģְ־ǵǰתͷҶʣ֪Ѿµˡ
Ҳ֣Ͼмǿһԡ֮ǰ˵ĳŵɭĹĶ˶֡
սһԾԾԵӣļüͷȲ˵ѹˣ۸һе˵ȥĳˣôͰ͸ˣûаϼһҵͷǴһӵģͷĽֹ㷺һ¾Ͳ֪Ҫǳˡ
˼˵ԥһЩҪһϵĻûаܱסҶʣԼ֮ǰΪ˸Ҷʳս˵ҶʵĲһЩá˳ֵʱҪúõĵԼʵǷܿҶʵ
ҪҶ֪뷨Ļһǧ鰡һǧ顣ҪڰԼ˵ƣڵôԼô͵ĲȺУ⻢ûпԼôܰԼϳء
ʵҶѾˣ˵ⶼʲô¶أҶﰵࡣ
ȵȣ侲¡ҶʺӲɱĳˣ
ûС
ʱҶʵӸˣ
ҲûС
ȻʲôûУôͶ϶Ҷʸɵء㵱ʱӦҲڳİɡ
ҵʱе뿪ˣҪȻƾɱҵĶôҼȻ˵ɱõȻ֤ݣȻߵзݣմȾϢСϵĻء
Ѫɭ䣬һֱצӵ˵ʡһֱ͵͵۲צವһԴ
ԴѪһȣϳһѪ⣬͸ڳÿһΧ
ѪأûκεĹֲԪ赲ҶתҪƿѪ⣬Ƿ־Ǵ˿һֱӴ͸˹ȥͲ˼ΣҶҲͷˡ
ⷵԴһֳܸһ׷鵽֮ǰ顣ȻҵΪûôߣҵѪӦҶӵѪ׷֮ǰ黹ǿԵġ˵ɻ뾯裬ѪȻڱ𣬵˵ķǵĽһ䡣
ѪһӴҶʵҲðһͬѪ⣬ͬʱΪ˱˵ľѪմȾϢأðѪҲŨ
˵ǰʼˣռŤһ澵ӡѪӰˣɽȻֳҶʵӰʵӰҲˡΨûͷëԳģҶޱȵɻ
ݲҶʶ룬ǰĻ
վҶһѪԴѪʧȥΪˣʳ˳Ҷ˵˼ʲôȻͿѪľѪ
׵ıŭˣֵֹĶҶʣǶסζ


101 ս
飺ʵˣҲͶǰ㻹ʲôҪ˵ģϽĸÿҲΪѡ
ܷͨһ£һʲôأҲһͷ֮ǰԷû֤ݻſںڶԷʩչľڳ˶ˣ޷Ʊˡ
ҪҪҶҲǲܵģҪǱ˵ԼɱԼҪˣɨˡȲ˵ʲôӵ⣬ͷͲýѵԼ˵ҶСԼҵ޹أܵѵҲá
鷳Ը˵óѵ˶ѵƨˣô
飬ƨʵǰʲôġҵ̣ԼǸ׳աŭ𣬺˺Ǧƣ춼Ҫˡ
ҶǴˣҲ˲˵ˡҶСӲôǱˡҲЦྶͥ
ĶףкϷˡƽʱһʲôӣֱΪϲĵ䷶ԽӽĸȥװϷŪͽʿֵķ緶˵ֱǸƨ
Ǿȴڳ˵ļֻ֡Ҫ϶˵飬ǶǴһ·ߵס
ɫһ֪ǲˣ¹ϵĳ֡һ嶼߸ߵĹˡſһХµɢǦƣΧĲľˡ⻹ûڵĿѹطޱߵˣϵĳ˺һ㣬ɳʯʯơ
һԿ֣ǳĲսˣɫˡֱȻ˵ҪԵǹನ̫ˣ·ͽʿֱģγ޲Ĺ
ԺںӦΪЩ˶ͬġеļֲĿЩԼǰˣȻƽʱĮĵģǱϾͬ壬ôɻɱ
ɫļУҪսɫ֮ǰҲҪЦģùˣҶҲһùˡʲôĵأսһֲƼµĸоֱͿļˡҶʿʼһֱãսоһжûʲô˵ˡ
սҶʶҪˣ˵˵ݺݵĴԼĵģùˡо仰ô˵ģҵעҪС㡣
ȻôӦսľ뵽仰
ǣǻôһףҪʩŭɱһҶʻҪϴһȺʿϵȺһСսģϸѡģǾӢеľӢӼѡ֣δϣ
ǸɵƣֻҪսѧԺû˸С仰˵û츳ûǿıܽսѧԺô
֣սһʩռ䶼£·Χ۵ֻеһɴ˶ˣ˵ԶԶģԶս
ĶԴԵеʱǺģٴʱ˸ַ緶ڸ˲׵ĸо
ҲתȫԪԪƲ㡣ǳḧִصΰоϼ⻪ת
ʯ˲ϵĳϵķ֮ϵĽӴײеһȦһȦ˿̻ϢĹƽ
һδ⡣һֻɱ
ѪɫľӨצ߸𣬹⻪תּ̧״ǳڸצص£ֱǧС磬͸գصӡš֣һȫԸҪٵĽɱ
ȻԲСһԻм˻ĹսƴɱĹ⼸˾ǷǳģʹɱֵҲܸɵĳġ
ŭ˻Ĵ㡣ԷȻҪֳ֮ʤҪǻҪ֮Ҫɱ
Ȼκ˷ͬУҲû֮ɱԷȻҪɱĳԼֱǶ裬Ƕӡ
֮ǰȻǶǱֵģΪ˻⻢ĹϾҶɱ˶ԷĶӣ϶˵ȥڻĵϣǴһ˿»СС»˵Ĵ㣬ֶһ˿ء
һ˿Ҳʧˣڻĺֵʱϵ˸֮ʡ
һಫûκλءҪǻս붫ģԸֽţǻֱȥ
ҲʼչѧɱʵˣԼŲǰġ


102 һ
һϵĳ֣趯ǻԣǬкһʵ硣趯еС˻צϡ
ۺͻצ˵עײһնصһʵĶֱ˹ȥʵǿͦڱѪ
ֽ֣Ԫӿȵնֹˣ綼ʧˣռˡ
ͻȻֵ˫ȥҺҶ˶Ŀ죬ûб꼰㡣
֮ǰֵķγһ޴ԪڶҵתţΧһУѸٵ׳ԼȵԪڶ˴ﵽһ㣬ѸٵŷɢһʵĹⲨճɢⲨƬɭʧˡľȫضϣеĹʧȥڣͺͺ
ؿѣһײ޴ʯҽصҽӿ˼ǧ׵ĸ߿ն˵棬ӳһƬ޵ġ
˴󾪣֮ǰ²Χۡƽռεĸֿɲ׵Ľ֣ǽҲǵ㵽ΪֹôĽɱΪҶʻɱ˻Ķӣǵಫ˵֣˳㿴ֶܲܳսѧʲôʲôԱͻеľ硣
õļǰˣΪõġĶսͲܿģɽʯС£˶־ѵġԽԽ꣬ԲעͿܶС
ǰƴ漷м˱õˣҲҲǣֳһƬĻҡ
սüֻӶ˼£˶˦ɽ塣Ȼսе˽ģзսѧԺһ׵ٽСɽͷϹۿ
ҶȻҪ·ʵҪ߳һףǰսҲܹȾָģҲʾܡʱɳȥֳ˻ܵҶһҶֻһ޷ܵľ˹岻׷˳ȥʵսѧԺʱɽͷϡ
սѧԺһѧԺϲ۾ҶֻһˣŶһսѧԺȺУ˶ҪûʰһƵĶҶʡ
Ҷ޾һص˹ȥתɢһ˿׸ֵϢǰһ˼ѪһѧԺʱˡôô޳ܣô۸˵ġվڱ˵ĵϣѱ˸סˡ
Ҷ߻סˣһߵͻִս
ͨѪ죬ð˿˿ѪȼһѪŤ˲ٵӰӰζһǧǧ죬գѹѹһƬ죬˲ٵǳ޽ʵڣ졣
޷ͬʱ𶯣׹µǳûٽͱɢΪַۡ
Դɫƽ˫ֲϵĽӡǰµĵĺۼ콵ʣһ׵Ļ״˶󣬳ʥϢ
ÿһ׵Ļ϶վһӰƮȻɣϸƣֱһģһ
һ¡սֵ𾪣СصùİΪﵽĵزˡ
췢Ҳһ£ΪԷһֱֹڴ˶꣬ûʲôչں췢󺺺ˣΪܹһսû뵽ԷȻﵽĵز
ͻһ𣬸ղͣеڽ׻ϵİ·һͬʱִ̧һз֮
Ҳ붯ÿͷ޶סһ·ɣ׿ķȥѪɭɱ
Ѫս˷ȫ˻ƽռѵһľѧ˫չ֡
дĺۼħӰʱĸ֣˵ĵ֣˵Ĵײ
սеӲƴⰤ˶ԷһƣһѪȫԪϣƽ˺֡һƬ͵ΧƼ䣬ɻ˺գڷɡһƻӳз֮תֲ˼¡
ĪӰѸٵС仯һ׶ߵѪɫ޺ɣľӨ͸
ĻҲһȭһƬѪɫ縡֣гħ˻
ɽѪɫײһɻħھŶ
Ѫɫ߽⣬һĴĻˡѪɫħ˻ɢ
ɫķâŻȭͷӶϣڻľУֱѸٵĹ⻪ϼɢ
ϣ׳ʿ쵶һƬѪұԼĽضϣѪֹ


103 ƴ
Ա׺ݣԼҲͬ׺ݡĽضԼұۣüͷûһ¡õѪֹұ˿ڴһĨѪɫĹ⻪ˮһתȻ˿ڱֹסˡ
ϵұһ䶯һɾԪϿڴȥ⻪ϱ֮ǰûʲô
ѷ֣ʱ࣬Զ֮ǰǿơ
Ҷʿһ㶣ԭΪһ֮˶޸֮ǰΪ˭ˬʹֻߴȾˣڿǲеġ
ȻƼ˲٣սȴӵĸ߰ˡһ˫Բɣ˲һѹĺӡ
ҶͻȻЩ廢ˣԼǰԳˣǰԳûôļ򵥡ٸҶһδѡŵĻᣬҶҲԥѡϣ飬СѪ֫ˡֻ֫ǰצֻצһԼȥ롣
ضսĶ췢󺺽ĶڳĲ˻޶Ķ
ʱȫĿ⣬ղŵʵ̫ǿˡͻǿǿȫĶƴһ£Ƿɵһ
ȫע£һ˿ۺѪȻ޿ƥе˥ǻȻסˣתһҲͶˡǴͬһģ뵱ʵ뵱ǿƴҶĿãֱѾˡǽĻˣոһѾԽķˡ
ҶҪĴѪƶĹһͬ˴ۡǾ۵һ㣬ǿһҲֻܴһȻͻ˥ܳһʱ䡣
ǿҵԤϡҲͽ˶ˣȻҲˣҲ֪ڵ״̬ҲĶ֡ոһѾ¶̫࣬شĸѾһֲľء룬ʱƾҵٶȣƹȥɱҶСӻĵİɡƺ
ովһսбŭ𣬴ʱĻܹƽˡĶȴ˵ҶʱĻ
Χ˿ҶʵҲˣʱȫĲصġ֮ǰǿƵʱҶʵʵҲǶߣǲòšʱ˥ҶȻʵǱǸߡ
ǣǻ̬ȣҲҪҶಫסҶʣҶߣȴҶʻɱ˻еģҶҲòҪסʲô¡
ҡͲ㲻ôȻһ¶Ȼҵ˵Ļǳƣǳвôܲŭ
ҲݣֱЦʲô༸ҪҲʲôµġֹڵľˣô޴֮˵˱ԴⱻûĻôˡҰѪҵĶϣϣܹԽҳǸ߸ǿľ硣ҶӶɱˣ˵һʲôµء췢һХį
Ҷʶɫ˻ľĪʱĻѾûͷˡԻ׿һУټƽˡһǿ߲ϧκδ۵ҪɱԼ붼Ҷʱ
ȫľѪʼȼԻٵĴ֮£ϵ˶Ȭˣϵĸְ˶ˡ˵ıԴڶ޸״ǰδеĺã˸һ¥ĸоһжҪˣһԸҶʵ汳
۷״̬ĻޱȵܹģֱҶʶȥ쵽˼£״ףڿдһ
ǿԪס˻˶Ժһƣһ³һѪõ˳ȥصĵɽϣɽһ˴Ƭĳʯ
ĻѹĲʣڿжݵͣ󣬾ֱҶʡ
Ҷڻڵʱ֪˲Ҫٵ뿪ѾΧصΧסˣҶáȺȻ޷ڸɺ׵ķɧǸɺ鷳ɺ׻ǿԵġ
һȺ˸ʩѧȫԸҶȺսļΪȫûԶٵľ򣬸߰Ķ˵ĹҶʶ˹ŴҲҪҶʵ̬
Ҷֱӳſõ磬ĵ뷨Ӳ˵ĹͻΧȥ


104 ϸԱ
սѧԺѧԺʩѧȫҪҶʡһȺޱȵʹ죬ǱӦôôļʱء
һȺ˶ǼǳģģҶǴĶӡǶޱȵҸʱҸôļ򵥣Ҹ񻨶һš
ʩչǹһҶӲǸƾͼƵǹ档Ȼսǿҿ£ȻִָۣȻǰ˳ˣһֱڱеĳǹȴԷսƷûˡ
ΪЦЦѧԺжôķ⣬ЦжôĴ
Ҫʱ޿̶롣һҶʧȥģһħһӡ֮ǰҶʶѾˣĶ䵽˹ȵףоⱲӶûлˣһӶҶʵӰ£һӶǳгҶʲЦ
ʱˣޱȵĿģΪʹϵˡ
ϴεϿ˵λʧߣֱʧܵһĲֵġս˺ôľָ˶־Ϊ˻һ಻ĳǹ
ҹԼյ޿ȻǹԼ˳֡κβڷܣΪȻûʾǹȴ˳Ľ
ΧҶҲǳǹΪеһѳǹ˻ֱ۵ޱȵǹ䣬󣬳ǹг˾Э깥ɱҶʡ
Ҷе׻˾һһʹɢˡ
ȫԪǹһ㺮âգݵĳΪмΨһ
Ҷнֺ顣ɫĳָǳ֡
ҶȫֲӰֵܹģǹҶʵƽӴֱӱ˳ȥڿдѡɱϳǹҶʵȥƲصӡļϡ
ݣѪ˳ȥ⻹ڵʯ΢΢Ų壬ֻǱҶʵƸˣûĴСȻһͻᱻð壬ڷˡ
һºȻһϵ亹ٸǰˣϵ·ʪ͸ˣǸմˮһ
֪һҲҶûʲôãʴ˶վ˵ٻ˻ħʦ󡣲ûǹֻɱҶʡ
ҶԳǹʹɱ֣ûʹˮĻᡣ
µվħʦòΪŶӣ˶վһţ˫ֵסǰ˵ĺ󱳣ԪޱĹ˽ȥȫħڡ
õ⺣Ԫ֧֣˰ħҶǹĶݽֵʱѾ׼ˡ
Ҷʿ˶ԳǹʹɱֵĻᣬת·һ޽ð͡
Ʊǰһǿ࣬һ֣ƬɽͷҵȼŨ̹󺣡
ҶʲдûͽӲӣҧгעȡһڵĳǹ
ûʲô޵ǹҲûʲôʹҶֳֳǹ˹ʹãǹػӰձѣص˻޽֮ϡ
ǹ޽ϵĲ֮ڶ·ˮ˾޽ܲ𣬾ҵȼȻʧˡ
ҶʻûüһһɻصĿֲˣǻɱ˹
Ȼû˺ǰǾ㲻˺գٶҲǿ쵽˼¡
Ҷʻܳǹ꣬Ȼ˺ٻĻ޽һжڵʯ֮䣬κʱ䡣
Ѿ㹻ˣѾ㹻ƺĻɱˡ
̧֣ѪⱬŨĴּ̧ۣ춼˫Ѫķ񣬸߾ٵصĸ
վǳħ˻𣬶ʹڳӶĳ֣Ǻ俪˵Ĵš
Ҷ߶㣬ġʵսѧԺȺдֵȻҲһ
Ҷһ㶣ת˲ʵ˼צյģϲҶҲǱ˵ľٶŪ˻
ҶҲ룬츳ܽƵƵѹȡԻһ͸ĴƲûסҶʵж
ת׹ǣһǳɣ÷·𾭹ǧ
ҶսѧԺȺһʾܡ
սѧԺ˶һ㶣Ȼɫ䡣꣬ľ鰡һ޲ķΧûҶʡʱҶ˵ܵģҡҸ̫죬ȥ̫ˣֱͲ׼ʱ䡣
ղ˶ȫԪķҶˣΪסҶʾͿʤϲˡ
ԾͲһϸԱûаվ籾Ϸ˶ˡ


105 ˮ
Ҷãʱǳһڶܵ˵СƨһŤһŤģжôĸˡ
սѧԺĶˣ͵ɷʴһװ
ҡսŭû뵽Ҷʻôһû뵽ô޼ɵġ
һ²˼ɣǰҪǳҶʣ˳һδáʩչطʱһɱҲ
һˣսˡҪһȺ˴룬ʱһ֮ˣһ˰ˣʲô鷳Ҳȥˡս鷳ˣЩ֮ӵıЩ˻ԼùԭԼʧְ
ҵ£һƴĺصսﲻѧԺܵɳȥͬʱսѧԺǱ߸ȥˡ
ҲҺսһۣȻĳˡ
սӲոպøϵ˵ϳ֡
гɫĹâѹ˻ĺڰջظ׹Ⲩ𻯣˶ëѩһ˫ѩ׵ʹս
ս˫һӡʹ˫˻ԽԽ죬ԽԽС˰ƴײ˻ϡ
սļʱһõôٻĹҪҵ˵ʱսסˡ
ƴʥʹͻĴײһ𣬵Ĵ飬ƣħɭɭɽϣ飬ʱ·𶼳Ϊˡ
ƴʥʹֻһţѸѿһӣסеĹನȻֻһ򡣹תţ˺գռʧˡ
սҲô˻սѧԺѧԱǰ˻󣬻Ķס˻ٶȳ֡
ʲô˼Ѿˣӵ޹أΪλҪĳ֡սﲻƣղĶᵽɤۣҪһ롣
ߣʲôý͵ġı죬ҳֺηΧֲһҲеҵ
ս񱻶뻢սˣҶٺֱЦѾ̴ž죬뿴Сү֣еæˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡҪɱңҵСս񶼴򲻹֮ǰҿºڡսǣסҶд󶨣ҪԼһֱȺҴܣսͻᱻƵļӵĳֱԼ
ȻⲻҶҪģ֮ǰôõĺϷˣôҲҪЩ۰ɡҶǸжرˣ仰һ˵ҲͬãǾгرôˣҶʼŻҪһĽ롣
սͻԼûаʲôģ͵ǿһҧ˭˭Լƨ£һƨս˫˫Ѹ質һȥ
Сӣ㡭սŭǲҶſںռԼıˣǲµҶʵ˼֪ԷҪˮˮˡ
΢΢һЦҲ⣬ǴˣûһǱҶʵС̣ҲⱻһǹʹֻҪܳҶʣ˳ִСʲô
Իֹϵĳ˹ȥսһ仰û˵꣬Ͳòֹסæµȥס
ȫѪȼյøӵľˣһŤˮĻҶʵǰ̧־ʹ޵ֶָ䡣
ҶȺҴܣһֻͷӬûκεĹɿԡǰŤʱҶз˾ûйͷ˳ƻһԡ
ҶȺ밬׺ٶ˽ֹٶϵĴսݹս̣˵ĲҶݵص㣬Ҳоһ㶫ںϽԼĲУٶȴǸ͵ѡ֣ٶϾͲЩҲҺˣҶʲܱܿĹ
ʱȺУûһ˿һ˼ľġûаս۾Ӷɨӡ
սҲ˻˽ӶԼ˭϶ˬҴʱѧԺ֮أҲʱˣҶʵǹʹˡ
ҶȺҴܣǲܳȺʱѧԺظЩԣһѷҶǾĵطܣκҶٶȿˣȺУ˭Ҳû˦˭ҳһš
ղϵҶڴƶսֽĸŻաʱĶԺһƣ˭Ҳκβ˭
췢󺺼˶ԣҪϹȥæǱһս嵲סˡ˫һЩͻҲ


106 ҧ
һʯգڿѿɢʯͷꡣ
ɽг˳˶˻û˹һʼ˾þ޵ˡ
ɽԪϵײѣ¡¡졣ɽϵĻζҪѿ޺죬˲ٵǦơɫԪ⻪ϵ˸׳ʣħڷ裬ʬŭȡ
еˣҡҡͷѵΡѵոԼ˹ȥⶼʲôûи
ŪˣŶõĹֳôôĻˣսȺ˲ǶڹսôҪɱҶʵôʱôҶսѧԺȺˡ˵ս񡫳ˣĸˣְҶʣǵ˻ǱߵȺͺëʲôоԼƭˣԴе㲻ˣֳⶼʲô
ˣĽèˡһûУһսʰˣҵСܶ򲻹㻹ʲôʸɱҡ
ս񣬿ƽʱһֵɡûʵϲװƵˣ˼һǱߴ˰ˣֶϵһֻԪˡƨ¶ûУһӶôá㻹Ǳˣؼˡ

ҶʵĲʹõԽԽˣҲˡ֮ƾصĸ򣬼ҶʴС͹˵ʶڵһʱ쵽ռĲһʱͶ˿ȥ׷Ҷʴ˰죬ҶʵһǣȻսҲǹûҪûս񣬻һȥǷΧ֮£ҶʲپҲܲ
ս񴵺ӵ۵ģ޲ðҶСӸа˿ʮ˿ʮ˿ġսȫҶʵ֣֮ڶԷ˵бԼѧԺܣбյܡû֣սҪһСӡ
ҲԽԽľѪҵȼգֲ˶ãʱʣ޶ࡣȻҶʱȵǱսֹʼ˲ҶʡҲҪҶһ˳ˣҲ֪ΧĹȻսֹȥͽһѭ
ҶԽԽҶʵӰƵûа취ֻüӿ˴յٶȡ
սҲļӿٶȣҧŻš
ǻˣǰһСҶСӰֵ˺ˣˣת
ɵöҶʴΪʵиƨôʵ߻ǱҶʸˣתҶϷŪһʵԶԶģһһƾҶʵġ
ҶʵıִΪ̾˵ۼֵ۶췭ظı仯ԼкܶĲ㰡¼ҪԶԶҶʵġ
ͻȻ֮ǰ˵Ķͷ߹ԼԼעЩҪҶʱֳĶƭˣ˵СӻǻֱǸ鷳
ʱǳͬҶǻĹ۵㣬ǼӵĸԼһ鷳ȻǸͷսһȡҪ˵ҶʵıƭԣǴĲͬġôңˣƱôܻȥ٣ġ
ҶûʲôΣˣҲͷŤսͻսҪˮ룬սҲؼʱ¶Ҷʵһ
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֪еĹûдȥͰ᲻صһơ󣬸պսԪң׼ĹҲ֮ɢˡ
˵սԪңʱļӵĺǳŭҲΪ⡣һһǸæòɿ
սеսͻ򵥵Ľһս⣬ͬʱЩһͬ׵ǿߣҪԼǰô鰡
ԭǻ֪ûʱϲȥˣսЭ飬һɻҶʽоɱ֮ǰĶԹʹһʴ
˵ͬʱһѪɫĲһɫգͬʱִ˾һ
ͬʱͷ˲Ծо衣Ҳһһ貶Ŀнһ޴һ
𣬳˴ľһ
ɫĹâѪһ𣬳״ա
ȭһȭ磬ײһ
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107 ˭Ҷ
ڹؼʱŬıܿҪսͻֹѾ˼ޣµĹҲǲСġ
ը˳ȥظһǰ͸Ĵ󶴡ѪˮӿȾ˰ӡ
ʱҶҲͻȻŪĴסˣӳ˶ݵͣ١
ץסѵõĻᣬսһӣսѧԺҶΪĶ˿Ҷʹм䡣
ϵĳ֣ϴŲ̵ЦݣнѺĿСٶȿ쵽˼£Խļޣӳֶܲصѹȣ˿Ұ׵ĹͷһѪˮɽÿһѪÿһֹƬܹգΪס
ɫ䣬һľ˫ĿԲɣ۽Ƕѿһж޷ıˣһѾ˳ˣ˶ݵԣܶ
ҶʷӦѾˣһѾεסҶʸо̫ɽѹϣޱȣԶֻĿѪǻŵԼѹҶƴȫԪĵ˷״̬ͬʱ׳ߵʣһҶʱ˫
ƷٽɢҶʵͷڷҶʶѾŵƷмŵѪζѵô
˭Ҷһȴ
Ҷʾ͸оǰӰɢ˱ǵζס硣
Ҷʼӯ۽λûûޱȵöôĲۻ룬кܳһʱûˣˣҶʻǵһʱ˳ҵĴϣǸҶޱȵľ£ҧгݵˡ
ͣôţǻ˰תޱȵĴ飬ЦеĶҶʡ
ŶԷһͣŴº͵ĵЦҶҲ̲סˣĽһϡ
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뿪ɽҶʲ֪ɽ϶һˣٴҲ򡣶ɽֹĶǣȻʵҶҲӦĴۣ
뿪ɽ֪϶Լжôݡ
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108 ǲݮζİɣ
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һĴϿҶСģǹһĨǳЦСǳһЩˣҪǻǰҶǵƤӣᾲ˻Ź֡Ȼʱ͵ϮĶߣٱҶǿ˲֪١ҶҲǲˡ
Ҷʴʱʮֵɻһʼ;òԾֻɱѪİԳںҶֵʱ򣬹ҶʵڵԪôĺ嫣ӦϱֳôŶԡ
֮ǰҶʾЩɣʱӣҶҲûж롣֮ǰʩչķԴطֻҶʺʵӰǰԳӰȴʧһգҶʰ˼⡣
תһ£ԳרҶͶһԼ˳ͻƣһصܵ˵ҲûʲôҶҲ뿪ˣȥ˼
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˫վַǱ׼ΪϲЦݡҶһۣ֮ǰԾʱ򣬺ò׽һ˿ֵƣͱЦݸƻĳ׵׵ˡ
ͷҺļʱȻ׼һӰɡһЦںĿЦ˵ĺǱһ
ô˵лˡ˹֣ʾһԵҶҲϽл
֮ǰһУҲǺޱȡҪԼôһһʱ䡣Ҷʶ붼Ѿų˰ɡҶ󣬻뻹ǻ˵ʹɱ֡Լͽһı硣
ǰллˡҶҲ˹ֵ֣ĸмȻ֮ǰǱȥ¶ݣ˺һС
תһ룬һֱʩչ˷ԴطһҲͱ¶ˡֱ֮ҶʣҪûֱ롣ҶҲһĺ£Ǽһ
ҶСӣôһӡͷҿϰߣĹ¼ҿ˵˲١Ҷʰ˰֣ЦеĵϷҶʡ
Ҷʴ󾽣ǰ˵ǴԵ档
ŶȿĴϸҵģ˵첻µزµġҾúеݰ㿴飬һõûоʹ˷ŹҶʵĴ㣬Ϸһδ𼶱˵ȥҲǷǳ˼ġ
֮ǰҶɽȺ˺Ƨչһ˳һЩҶʵ磬Ҷǻһ첻µزµԸ
һʼڴһЩ飬æˣִħɽʧҪ顣װİˣȥϷŪҶʵģҲӦΪʧ飬㡣
ҶϴʣȻҶʾͻˣͨͥһʱ䶼̸ҶʡҶʸɳһЩ¼Ҳ˱˸ھ˳ĻȡҶʸսѧԺ͵ϷҶ飬͵ӵҶʺͼŪ˸ʲôƱϷˣת
֮ȤȤ֮ҲҶЩǻıҲһҶȴһöĺ꣬Ҷһôġ
Ȥ֮ҲҪļʶһҶˡʧæ֮ȥѧԺģ뵽ȻҶʡҲֱӵҶʵ֣֮ǳ˺顣
ҶӦúƯİɣ
Ҷʣ
𲻺˼Ҫҵǲݮζİɣ
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˵иĽ𷢵ĿɰŮ˵һ£İɣ
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ҶʿҪ˵ʱһԵɵͷɵԵðһ仰ǽҶʵľȡ
ʣϧˡһȫûˡ
Ŷ㲻ҶˡǸʬɣɵطʱҶˡӦΪŰ׵ļŭ˵İɡʣһ
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109 ǿƼ
Ҷ͵͵ĲһѶͷϵ亹ǰսʵ̫ǿˡΪֶ죬ĻҪһˡֿɱҪǮĻ׼ľðɱҶʶжףɾġ
Ҷʲ亹ʾðһͷ亹Ǽʶ˶Է͵ģһǷǳͬҶʵĹ۵ģǾǶԷһͼֱΪҪ
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ҶŤͷҶʣֻǺҶĽ顣ҶʻܹյӣҪҶʰæԼ䡣Ҷʼ״ϽİͷŤһߣһҲʶӡʵĶˣҶʵ˵Թ
ҲûΪãԶǿҵƿԪǿңһǿߡ˵עȻȻҲˣһߣӹһ١
ͷûѡ֪ûʲôϷδȵˡ
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⻪һǰӰһȻǺӵĺƧһһ˼ء
ͷΪƣҿûʲôطİɡҶȻҸˣҲҲһʱ֪ͨ˵ôƧһɻ벻ʲôʱͷϴμʱ˵Цġ
ǰҶҷˣһʱ֪ͨˣǲӦøл˰һЦʱһޡ
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˶ģճôҲĲĳƧۿںڷ͸߸ߵޱȵҡ
ȻûкƧôңҲһӡһֻֽŶӣڳ鴤
ҲˣҲˣǳ鴤ŵղҺļʱҪȻ鷳ˡ
һһʮİѸղԼƧ˵һ飬Ǻ²ѡҶʺҲʱĲϼ仰ѵʱĸһߣҶôѪһֱЩкö֪ġ
˰ҶʵĽߣҶһδεҶϷŪˡ
Ƨô£ˡҺҶûг£ҺҲûг£ȻĻͷԭԼû취ԭԼ
ƧҲ˵ʱΪʲôͷɫôҪǻԼҲİɣ˵ӵķ
ƧͻȻ뵽ʲôתصԴصһ£Сӣࡣ㶼ôˣͲܶһôҪô¡
ҶɻޱȣʲôˡҲðΪĽ۷壬ԼǱһƵ顣
ƺǿ˵ɻ󣬺Ƨ˵ԭԭԱͷĸϹģӦΪԻ˶ӣ·̲סˡƧûа취ܲڿɣԾ˸˽ȥ
ӵڼ䣬ƧӦͷϢһűȴϻҪЩŸϵ
˶ĶԼƤٺҲסˣ˼ڨڨ˵ҾҪɽϺö죬ɽûʲôóԵĶȥݴһ٣Զ˵㡣
Ҷʶˣһָ
вʱǿҵԪд̶Ŀоǿ߸е˶ԤУʧӦþ⼸ʱͻԻˡ
඼ǳѾõǰȻҲǱĺ󱲣˳·ۿġ
˵ӪͬģжģȻҲһЩǿޱȵ塣
Ҷʡ
Ҷʡ
մҶתͷʱˡƲӿսҲһֿĴ󺺴˹ºҶʽõļ˶ˡ


110 ż
˶ǳļ֮ǰǣѧԺʱ򡣼춼һ飬ϲ뽹ģ˶Ӱġϲ˯һ˯
ͻȻֿôãϰ˼һж˵ЩĲϰߡؼ˳ԷˣĲ˶˶ԲˡȾƺˣûҶʰǷȥˡƱ˶ҪСˣû˳޵ĵˡ˺ĶҶˣˡ˶ĶҶ˵һ䣬ˡ
ؼ˵˵˾ͻȻֿ˵Ĳϰߣе˴Ľ顣Ҷʵĸдӵ̣ⲻһʱ䣬ֱҪбһӵľˣεҶ࣬õ࣬ٻ֮ǰ£ֱ˻ĸоˡ
ҶʼɣոЩ˼￪С˵Զ֮ǰҶʽһ֪ġڴҶˣҲûʲô˼ĲϤˣͲҶٽһ顣
ҶûоܾҲûɾܾ֮ǰ˼ʱ˶˵ûʱúܲϰߵġӦΪû˱ڹ֮ģֱҶը˷Ρ
ҶʾϸĽʱļţҪü˶ԼѵʱԼڹǷǳɳܵΪȻûп󣬶ʵǽߵԼɾкܴĿˡϸԼʱǱľĶ˳ѪԳʱ򣬾Ͳûнжٸëˡٵʱ򣬾Ͳûнٵľʲô״ˡ
Ҷʵ뷨ǺõģǼ˶飬һ˻ˣմȾЩҶϵƦûоҶʱҪҶڹǶôɳܵģҶڹעˮĴ
ͨ˵Ľ̸Ҷ˽⵽ħɽʧѾڴ½ϴˡҶʸո뿪ǲãϢʹ˳ļ˶ΪҶ뵽ʲô׬ǮĵӣڸԼơҶŵĺߣ⼸Ǯ˼ơ
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ҲףʲôæҲﲻϵġȻҪæ˻δؿϣֻԽԽҡ˴ǰӼţ࿴ֵĽսǺõģ˵ܴ͸ЩʲôΪá
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Ǽ̸ͼ򵥶ˣȶҲࡣ˴ڽϵĵȻûķ򶼲ͬһ;;ͬ飬˴˼ĵ໥ӡ֤˶ջ
ʧżĲԽԽˣļҲԽԽ̡ΧסĿյϣѾ˼ʧͶӰ
һƬߴĽȺڵϣ˶ޱȣ϶ɭϡƶ䣬ϼǧϿ裬ãɾͶӰУǵĹУ۵й
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йȥ˼ʱ䣬ҶڱĿ񣬾˱ǰɽаĿ¡
䡱һ죬ؿʼҵҡҶҲʱ˫ۡϼ綼˹См䣬СĽĶſյص롣
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111 
ﲻ֪Ѿ˶ã֪¶ãҽĳʱȴûһ˿𻵡ĥøӵԲ
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¡һ죬ɽ̮ҵɽ˶ѹôضѿһ޴ĿӣѶȥ嵽صľͷеҶҲ޴һҡΣȥ
ȫĳ˵棬ȫ¶˳һɽΡɣһŨʷдÿһ˵ļ䡣СɽϹľɭɭޱأÿһֻ޶͸¶ǿûһֻ׵ġ
ľӳ䲻ʱ͸¶һǷǽڣһ鲼ɽϵССɽĶ˸һ޴õĻסˣûɽϵ
еһɽУΧһƬŤպڶնܲѹ
˶һüǴֱʣŤռסСɽ䳬ѳƬռ֮⣬һ硣صףµܵصҽʴһȴû飬ڼķá
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ҶΪֻһһǿǰĶˣŴӼաǰ˻ҪǿеĿޱȣɾСɽ˵ҲٴҶһΪСɽϿ϶ɱûбϿ򵥡
̲ס˵ŤгȥҪռȻ
䡱һ죬һз˱һѪʹ˴˶һݣղֻŤһ߲ʵĹ⻪Ȼƺ߶ûзһֱӾͱˣʲôڡ
ҪǸͨ˻ãȻͨҲܹǿǳѾõϱڳǿսеһԱ˵ǰԱ׵ľȥˡ
˶ٸçײðʧ˽жΪֹıȻˡǺǱԼСӵҪ
ڼ䲻ǵ̽Եĳ֣˵һзûгԳɵ˵ǰ֮ȻҾͲܳǰȥҪ̽顣ԶŤպȫһյһûҳôʧˡ
ϼҲ̽Եĳ֪̽ȫԸһͬûдκεЧնûвһ¾ôʧˡȻҲȫûκεջٸ֪һֵǾȫɽѿյһڽӴ֮Ťоͻһ߲ʵĹ⻪ȻеĹͻԴԪеɽա
ԪЧҲûеǰҶѵľأɽ·ֻɽ̾
λҶе߲ʹ⻪ûеԪᱻ仯ԴԪȻûеǰ֮ǰѾѪĽѵһڶվ˳ص룬˵
ϻõ˵ôǴҶԹˣ˭֪߲ʵĹ⻪Ϊʲôĵ÷֣˵һѵƨȺ˲ˣߵˡ
Ҷ֪ܻԪ߲ʹ⻪ͺãǸ״
Ŷ㻹ʲô֣˵˵ĺǿܲܽܣҪǻûõķϻ͸Ͻıɡ
⻪ȻܻԪλӦöˣ߲ʵĹ⻪ǿңֻк΢ĹâΪضǱʱĥ˲ֻ֣ʣһСơӦгܵļޣҲɼְı俪һΡ߲ûӦΪɣƶƽĽԼƲ⡣
⡭
ֳ˳˼֮Уڳ߻ӣ˶ϵãл޵ġʱΪżԶסû־ѾˣҪǷ³ɼж»Щ鷳
Ͼ֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡ˭ܱ֤ľ˽ĺ俪С£Ƿ֮ڵСɽϵͷȴ¡޴֮£϶ΥЭֵġ
ƺһ֪˴ҵķӳ˳ĬʱڵȻҶǣϾ֮˭Ҳ˵ľ޴ôûס޴ջ󡣲ǵЭֻǺշ֮ҸɸģЭҲֹⶼǲӦҿҲͲˣҲ򲻿ֻܿĻؼȥ


112 ɽ
ٵ˻ǲģϾĸƤ˭Ҳ˵塣Ҫľתˣֶòġ
ϳ˼ãһڵͬ⣬Эֻںշʱ䡣һЭϡ
Ŷͷһͬˡأ߳΢΢һЦȻ󻷹һܣѯʵ
ͬˣƧӿҲͷͬ⣬ʱһӪġҲʮֵţֻҪ΢עСһЩӦûܹôġ
һı任Ⱥейڵˣֿж˳ջҲҧͬˡ
ãȻҶͬˡҾ˵һЭԼڹշʱڣͻȻ˳֣߱ؽ˵ѹһЭ
˶ͷʾͬ⣬߽ŵһΪȻһ֣ǿĹա


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ɫԪһŨԪſ֮ܣƬնʮϰٵԪͬһʱײǾе֮ϣؼʱ߲ʵâֳˣܲŤΧɽ
ӦΪڵķɢ߲ʵϼⶼЩ͸ˣãһ㣬ޱȵĴ־ܹͱһ
ⱡĽ͸ϼ⣬ס˵ȫһԪӴһ߲ʵıĤͿʼѸٵķֽ⣬һƾԪע뵽ڲɽ֮ڣʧˡ
Ǵһȫֵģ߲ʵĹ⻪ֹڵķɢֽ⹥иԪٶȼࡣ
֯һ𹥻߿д󶨣ϣ´ȵ
䡱־ҵĶһ£ʮϰٵԪصײǻûзֽȫ߲ʱĤ֮ϡ




߲ͣĴȣҲϵһ֡ʮɫԪնӡͷףɽϵ˶·ɽ硣
һޱȫ֣ʮΡŰⲻ֪Ƕǰǿ߲õĵһ߽⡣˶ڴôֱʵǰȻǸеĶӦöǷƷ
߲ϼڵ˼ޣɢһһѸɢ˼ȥֽԪҵĲţ˸һƲ֪ǰע߲ϼɢˣܲס˵Ĺˡ
û߲ϼıȫӻԪʵʵĺһŤ֮ϡ
࣡ݱѣҲǴһŤϲ˿ռƣȻѿ
鱬˿˻ӳѾһƬڵĿռˡ»ˣħɽˣɽҲˣֻܵһƬڡǰһľɽɽϼ㣬޺һƬ͡
˶һѵɽڵĿռˡڲŷɽǶôأǰʵռտĲɽıɽһǣп
·ȫޣһƬޣΨǰɽɽϵڷŹâǲԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬Ψһһ·ˣǾǽɽ̽ѰѰ·
ϼҲһüģ̫Σˡ㲻㣬λǰֶμֱͨ죬˭ҲûϵȻǼǣɨϰǾɽµţҵ˳ǡ
ֺǷʱѾע⣬ֶͨ죬ֱԽķ롣ϼ˽ﶼûеףҪҶʼۿ͵Ƕû뵽ֱ֮¶һƬ޴ռ䣬˶˽
Ҷʼ˶֪ԣҶһʼûģСһĵͷ
ˣҲʲô¡ɽһ˴ҲǿԵġϼ˿Ҷʼ˹ɵӶһЦûһʡ͵ĵƣʱȴôŵҲɢ˲١
ڴҶʼˣҶûðաȵŴ󲿷ɽˣŴż˲ɽȥ
ôһǱһʼͺʹ󲿶ӳȥʲôͻȻ£ΪҶʼ˻СЩΪáڶɽʲôΣգǵһɽ˶ų˻Ǽˣʱϸӵס
ʱ˸ոտɽţ͸оһɾ޴ѹɽ͸˶оصĴɽֱѹϣĴӿеҺ÷ɵĲߣȻ͹һ¾еü˺ܵġ
˵Ҳ֣һ䵽ϡŲȴɽǾ޴ѹʧˡ


113 ˣ˵ľ㣡
˼ΣÿֻҪڿ˫ذǾ޴ѹͳˣЩѹſ¡ǣ˵нɽ˶ˣ֮ǰôǿƣôĺ绽ֻ꣬Ҫɽ˾ܵɽϵ۵ơ
ǰĹ٣ΰǰǿѹ£Ҳ¡
ʱսѧԺҲںƧ˵Ĵ˽󻹸Ŵðߡֳһ£ûһ˵ʸȺðҪޣǰǰǰɽеıֲǵϣҲǵķݡڲףǿǰҪˮǶôĿЦҲȵĽصռ䣬߶߲ˣֻøǿߵϣһ˿ƽ
ðҪޣսѧԺѧҪޡ֮ǰǰҶʸ͸ˣҶԷֱԼߵĶ࣬ԼߵǿơڲòֺҶˣһȺ˶зëĶˡ
ϼ˿սһȺˣҲû⣬Ҷʼ˵Ǽš𵽴ܣҵ˳ڣ˾ǡȻв۵Ҫ۸ǣҽطϵҡ
˵ŻҶʼüŪۣ仰һǶҶʼ˵һʵڼսˡ
Ҷʻ⣬Ҳ˳˵ˡҪ˷źݻв㲻㡣طðɣҪؼʱʧȥþ鷳ˡ
źݻҲ㣬ȷŻȻٰʰȲ˿ͷϵģҲʵϵġڻ᲻ʧ飬Ҳ֪ʱľôˣǰĴˡϳҶʼ˵һֻȴңңָսˡ
սҲѧԺɽŵȴȻͺ췢󺺼ͷҲصɽϳ˹ȥ
ĸƤôΪ˱Ӱɣûʲôºαرأսһ򣬲ˤ˵ϡתͷݺݵĵ˼һۣջǵͷɽϡ
Ҳ߰ɡһǿ߶Ѿɽȥˣɽ³˴ǼʣµĶһģϷкһ·
ӿ켸ҲûκεĹ˼ˣҶ׵ģһߵΪˣֳɵһûһΪġһӿʹǵĿһģֻҪһ֣һܡ£һһ´һбͬɱˣֻûб£û֣ǾԲʡ
תۼϼ˾Ѿʧˣԭֵĳ˲İսѧԺ˶Ҷйڣ˵ҶʵĲˡо仰ô˵⣬ǹͷԶʧûҪͷԶ첻ɵĶҶʡ
ðȫ̹ۿҶʺͻĹڣ˽еأǿҶһϷŪĻսתȻϷԣûй˵ʵҪڻ׷һŲҲǲܵġҶʵʵڳˣðûкҶʽӴ֪ԸҲóȻڡ
ս˾ȫûй˼ˣһƨ˵ϣҲࡣ֮ǰ˶ʹĲҴŵģڸԵļ໤ǰװװúӡͱȽ棬вסǺҶһʱˣҰ׵Ұˣղһ˹żֱҪҪǵ
ȥڽˣ֮ǰһֱҴ°ҸëˡˣɶˡޱȵĿţڵĴֱ˵ϡ
һ绨ġĵϣڵĴϢţ⻭Ҫôажôаٲ֪ʵð߽Ķǵſˮ
Ҷҡҡͷ˦߰ͷУƽʱ㴵ڼﳤǰ˵Ҳ㡣˵˵ָʲôˡ
ǹƱǵĻôˣǶǲ̫ϴοЩ˿ӺˡǶİչ˼쿹飬ʱﶼûû߲񶼲㱩ˡһе¡
Ǽʱ棬ӿһֱǺڵģһĺڡŵöһؼңѧУ˺óʱ䡣ӿ飬лǱһڶ
ħɽ̽żӲǰץˡȻӿɫ࣬ޱȵľ¡˵ٶ鷳¾͸ӿⷢӵĻᡣ
˴죬ĵĿڸġ˾վ˼˴죬ҶҲ˵Ҷµ˹ˡ
㣬ʲô˵ľ㡣ȥҵˮȡҶʶסһԵսѧԺˣʱ


114 ζ
ǱҶʽǹ֮꣬ǰΧҶҲ˷ܣʱҶʾ͸Ҫĳ̫ˣ֪Լ򲻹ҪֶΰҶʸ
Ҷ˽սģϷŪһΣһ㲻ʹɱ֣Ȼָûа취͵ìܳ⡣
֮ǰɷʱҪɱ֣ʱ䲻֮󣬽ٺҶжǺ£ѹһ¶ģÿڿˣôҶһõһ۾ͿȺжȴөһ꣬þҶ֮ǰĹڡ
鶼ˣҲ綼ˣľҲ͵ʱһҪҶʴʱʹɱ֣ЩѵģҶбһаҶһתעˡ
ˣҹеө棬Ҫ͵ܰôŶʲôأʱͦôھǿ߶ɽϣɽҶʳƴ
ᰡᡣҶһֱֱע£ڱסˣ׵ıˡ
ĹУҶ˴ıһϷŪֵıһ˼ĥı¸һеһ£ҶʵΪͬһҲһģҪˡ
ᣬɱңʱ㲻ҪסҵģֻǡһѳǹȻֻһ¾ҳˡȻҪӣҶʾͲô׵ķŹԷˡ
úӢͰҵһƨ˰ɡɥġ
ƨôƨҿɷŲҶ֣ʾͬ˵
Ӣۣ·ɣСģȫҶǮҰģǻͣĳ鴤
ҶʾȤΪƽʱͿĻһֱᵽףҲҪӲһ㡣˭֪ȺҶʵдΣѾ˵ӣʱҶʱʵһʱ뵽ҶʷŹεķ
㻹ҪҪˣŶСˣţ鷳Ҳòݸ塣ɣأӶˣǰˮȥǰץҶʶЩˣָ
ллӢۣӢۺˡСȥȥ˲ӣ뿪ˣҶʷƵá
㣬㣬㣬㡣ҹСүǶˣǴ硣ҶѧԺȺе˼Ůԣ֮ǰȻûǹֱӶҶʳ֣ȫӳˡ
Ҷһǹĵһ˰ԪħʦڣħʦٻĻ޽һ
еŮѧԱСŵɷףϳίΧͬѧЩƽʱͽż˵İǶѧԺͷŤһߣܿаڴĿ⣬Χķ羰
С滨꣬ίʱܵĴĥĥҶʼ˵ķŲĲ鲻Ըȴûκεİ취ǹôһˣѧԺʱ绽Ķ֣ҶʸʰûƢҶʻû־ˣǻô죬ֻˡ
˶үƵÿţսѧԺŮѧԱ޹ǵСֵôĦųǹȥץͲûһˡ
СҶӣѾ߰ĦˣץūҲˡûв𰡣ץôءսŰĦеƮƮȻˣ˼ҲҶʺսѧԺĹڣ֮ǰʱѾҶ˵ˡ˺ҶʽãҲ˳ſսѧԺһȺˡ
ǰôأ˻⣬Ҳ˵
ⲻֳɵôסȺдͷõħʦ׼ȷ˵ħʦеķȣȻɨһڰŰĦļŮѧԱŵħȡ
ŮǶס˷ȣĿҶʣǶˣҶڼ˵Ҫ΢зЩ
⼸ջʲôãû㿾ͱû˰ɡɽ϶ľȥһ֦ͿôҶʲмĿһۼ˵ħȣ˵
ŮһϻָЩҶҲûôĿɶǶˣû׺ݵĴ֪ͺˡ
Ȼ˸˵Ĺˣ΢΢ЦݻûʧҶֿˣЩħȿȽϵĸϾѾ˺ܾʱãǶħȽȻеĶȥЩɲ
еħʦһûȥ㱻Լħȶħʦ˵˵һģǵڶ˶ɫ࣬ħȽֵԣֱǶڶħʦ衣


115 ˫
Ҷ̫ͷħ̲סˣǰһֱװӣҶѾˣʱҶʻ˸ӹֵҪ
ǣҶ浱޵˰
мǿ߳ʲô
Ķȥˡ
˶һƽʱڼﶼСڣˤˣڿ»ˡζ֮УҶʵˣ˵ĴһǧɡʱҶҪ˶ίòⲻһ˴ͷҾͶˡ
ߺߣ̫Ҿ۸ôġ⻹º͵ˣûҪǵɡǿ߳ôģ۸ûУҲûҶࡣǺܶ࣬ҲûԴľ޵ˣ֪ǲǡҶһΪģࡣ
֣ܣ򲻹Ҷʣ˶Ҳá֮ǰһȺ˴ҶһûдҶʻ˼̣֡ҲûãҶƤΪ̫һҲùҾӮôԷֲˣ˵߳ŭֱӶˡ
øǷϻһ䣬ǽǲҶûȤīֱͨ뺡
ڡħӲٱ֮ǰǳǹǿˡ
ҶȤҲϻֱӳȥһͷα
ħ߾ħȣŵӡ߶ħħ޷Զ
ģѵ֪ߵغҶʣ
ͣҿŶ
ͣǵϣ
ҪˣȻ֪ħ겻ҶʵĶֶ֣ʮֵڴһޱȸӵϾֳһߵпܺҶһϸµģΨħˣϾֻΪҪһЩȻ˶˵ŷȫĹԪ֧ʩչħ
ȻŬ˴죬˵ĹڴУһ˿ϸСĻӷȶ˳˳
Ҷʽͣ˽ŲΪʲôط˭ǰķ˴ĹŪộһİɡ
ҶʻΪʲô壬ĸ֪ܵһСԽĸ֪ԽòԾϵıҲ˿Ĳ˵΢յʢĲƻ
ҶȻɻһŹֵЦݡȫתڵԪзһҲ﷭
Ȼ˵ע£ҶȫɢǿҵĽ⡣һȻһһ΢ĲȻȻȻֱϨˡ
ħеҲסҲûŪ׵ô¡ȫʩΪ˵ģƬĿռкѹһԪȫʩΪħڳȵʱֱӾʮȥţֻʣʮ֮һ
ѵߣ̫ˡϺˡһ㶣Ȼ󱬷ĴЦᶼЦˡ
ǰһĻʵ̫ˣҪǴҶ֪ȷʵޣҪΪԱˡֱݵ̫棬ݸüӼˡ
û˵ӶеķȣֵӡøӵĿˡħ۸߸ߵĹѿ˼ӡħǰָңңָҶʡ
ƮһƬǣҶʼ״ֱֹͣԪתǻû£Ҷͷм׸ߣһֱɢˡ
Ҷˣ۽Ƕ˻Σʵ̫ˡҲˣЦҲЦˣҶʲħʦݡȥͰħʦڵϣûԪûдĸ֣һ˫ȭݺݵϴš
һҽУϽʵʵİһȭ嶼ϺסһĲҽУְһȭʹͷϥˡ͡һѪͬʱɳĻһŽ׵Ĵ
ߡ



ҽһƬ˶Ŀˣʵ̫ˡֱǵŹ򣬻׳˶ĳŹСһ֡ħûκεĻֵһŹþΪҶʵĶʱķһҾ徵ĺС
Ҷʴˣйˣûκε˼ʼԼˣֱûκε尡˼˰Ҳû˼һȻʱĽ֡
ҶµľͰħħ˺˼ĲҵһᲱ廨İᲱϣûɱġǰ֫ϣ³һ걻մϡ
¿԰ħȶ˰ɣȻϲȽйȽӲˡҶЦſˡ
顱顱顱顱Ҷʻ˵ȫеķȶ˳мҶתʱԶĶ˳Цǿɲ뱻Ҷʵ˸ðģȻϡ
Ҳ⣬Ƭռ䲻߻ħʦԪѹˣӲʵ
ҶȴԪתȫǿҵĽ⣬⻹ô


116 أѨ
һĲҽлɽϿգͷƤ顣
иƨУ綼ûˣͰбҪеô𣿡ҶʲͷˣͷᲱ
Ҷת֣Ϲŵ껹һˣ٣ܽеôĺ߿ġ
ߣȥҶʲô˵
Ҳԣ֮ǰ˵ūʹȥץ϶ʲôֲĶȻһҪװҲװо
ȻΣյȻҪȥ۲£źӦԣȻΣٽʱȫ˲֪ô졣
˲ӿٵǰȥҶһȡ˼صҶһ㶣Ѹתӣѵôˣ
תҶʿǰһĻЦã˶ſڵϣˤ˸ࣺȻ֪ԼܰҲ֪һǳҲӦõġҲҪ³ϵİɣⶼʲôʱˣ
һѵûиоʲôֵĵطôֵĴӵʵ벻ΪʲôҶû¡
ǼΪ֣ʵ벻ʲôֵĵطˡŶˣǸħʦҲ֣ôϸСĻҡҶʲ׼˵˵ʲôſں
ѵûиоڵԪǱѹסˣӦˡоͻȻֵģ嶼ЭɻˣҶֵĸо
ʲôԪѹˣҲûʲôЭİ˴ɽѹס޷УһǲΪθղˤ˸ſںİɡҶɻˣ⼸ݵĻһ
ˣȥˣҶʷٶȣСЩ˵ˣҲоЩԣҶʵļͷϴŵãоô
΢ٶǰȥ֮ǰ˶СĵĿԪתûг岻Эˡ
ˮԽԽǰһƬһСϸ֮£ҽںСϴġҶƣδ֪Ŀռ仹ҵܣԼҲˣҪ˵ϵʵǿĹ˴ҶҪŵù
Ҷʼ˽ȻͬʱͷԪס˫ţͬʱĵСϳȥȻѹҶ޷У˸ûдﵽףǼ򵥵Ԫס˫ˮƯܹġ
̤˺ĵСԶһƽСɽʱڵϲŷֲôһ£һ룬ܹм䰼ȥмһȪȪˮȪˮأɢŨȪ۱һҩΧΧĿռҲҩ¶
Ҷһǳǹ꣬ʱ껹ǰ죬ץҩơֱϹһ˶Ĺ㣬гɭɭİݺݵҧֱϣһƬѪģ㻹һȪУֱۣһôš
еôһΪʲôħͷƳӡ˳Ҫ㿾ųءԭһҪҩҧס˰Ҳ̫û˰ɣһûԪܰʰҶû֮꣬ǰġ
ҶȥҪĿĲҩȻֿסߣһ
ףҶʳԾˣһ²û죬˹ԣҧϣʹС
ҶʵĴȻոûȫǱ˵һ죬ǻҲܱҶʵˡȻǰǻ֣ҶʩΪ¡
Ҷʲа˫ּӴɫԪϣ˫۲ϵļӴղϵĲ
˶ºȻǰֻ֪ҶʵԪȳ˻λǵһμʶҶʴ
ҶСɽܹĿֲ֮£ɶˣڻſ
Ҷ¡¡죬ȫͲ죬ҶƿȶصĳʯŲܷ
챻Ҷ걻ҧסֱȡˣֱţǷˡ
Ҷϸ۲ʱǴŵڻЩ첨Ӵŵ͸
컹ڼ󣬲ϵıߡӹǰĹ㲻ˣҲˣһʮ׸ߣʮ׿Ķڳˣڵ·׳ĺݡҲ˵ǹ컯޴ĶڣǿȻͳɽڲ


117 д
Ҷû뵽һʱгֵĶȤζȥץ㣬Ȼץôһֵ㡣ȻĶ϶ǲģЩʲôҶʾͲ֪ˣҲ֪
˶ԤУɽϵЩһӣűҲ²㸹صĶϾɽϵһ۾ܹȥ̽˭ķʱɽת
תҲһֵĹ㣬˹ҲһܴصĶڡϾʵ̫ˣҪܹǿпҪɽжشѹųôܹסԪİ˫зҶĵز
ȻֻǸ裬ûɽѹơʵǲܵģ뵽ΪĸߵͶѹסˣʵԽѹƵԽ
˵˴νУĿҲֻҶˡȻƧǸ˼һҲǿԵġ綼Ȳĳɽȥϰŵıˡ
ҶʽĶųǹ꣬йâϵ˸²ʱҶʮֵԥ㸹п϶оĴܣҶʲ֪ǰɾһֵҶ޷ǰûԼ֣йɱġ
ɱңɱҡҾԲ˵ȥҵ귢ġҪ㻹ĲңͰһȥˡϾʲôӴҶ֪һԵڻң̽̽·ղһֱڹ۲ҶʣҶвʱĺ⣬֪Ҷɱġ
Ҷʣ˷ܣǲһ·ģ˵ĻҪ²֣ɡ˵ս̧֣ŵĹ⻪ָת
ս壬뺷׾ħеɱгģʴҪӲЩʱҶʵԥ˵ԿҪҶʴ֮ͣ
ˣʹһɡ˵㸹֮ʲôҶ˵ȥ̽·ҲǿԵġҶסս粻¶˾ġ
սһ˼ͬҶʵľ㸹Σյʱ򣬵һ˱ǡǺܲҶ֣֮ҶҲûʲô
ߣҶһץ꣬һԾһȵĳǴŵ֮ڡսҲϽԪԾڣ첽Ҷʡ
ҶһȺ˶֮󣬹Ǵŵ컺ıպϣ˿Ϸ첻һ˿Ŀ϶ֻ֮ĳȪˮУʧˡ
㸹УһƬһ㶼ûĻо±ӲһƬ̵ʯһڵɽǰֻ޵ĿռлصĽŲ
Χĵûκε죬ҲûκεΣաǰϰǧԪǰڳ⣬˶ӿ˽Ų
⴦ɽĳڣǿҵ粻ϵĴ졣
վڳڵıԵҰڿǧ׸ߵɽϣյǰһƬ͸
ǰһ޴ɽȣľд죬߼ʡϿɫɫķݣʱܿĽɱޡ󣬲ʱ̬ܿӷ׵޳ҲڿڷɵĶ
ôܣ粻ǶҪôôôࣿսˣС޲ɱг󣬶Щͱǿ޺ǼɵҲҶʼŸ̵˽⡣
岻һֱϡٵôȻҲûеضǵӣҲȫ˳ֱšҲ˫צץͷҪˡ
壬Ȼ˵ԽͶҪЩҲʲôײˣضǰһͷͷ찡ʮͷһֱҶץûзκҲͬһʮͷҪ˵ˣû˵
ͶһֳɳĴڣŷֻܡɳǣŻֻܡȻκ࣬ľءϲԵĳͷʵͰǲֳ
˵ʵһ壬һ׵ʵȵȵĶȹڣ˳ĽڣܹﵽǵǸ磬ο͵ǵʵỺƾ㹻ʱɳֻĳ̶ȡ
ϡٵĽһ壬һǿ͵ǣ¼ļ٣˼ʵ츳һ𶯣˫һܰѿռ˺ѡ
ԹûйĶڴϣǵĻǵ塣ֻҪմһֵĴڣǾԶ֮


118 ɭ
ؼĽɣе츳ﵽµ֡ʴ˷մȾһֵģϡĶѪҺģǿ˼¡ҲΪϡ٣ʹںϡĶѪҺҲԶһֱһصɴ
ҲΪʲôҶʵһֱצԭ򣬶˾ΪںϡϡѪԼԼԳʵġ˵ʻɵĳ¡
쿴ʲôͻȻָңңָԶɭġ
˶Ԫת˫ĿĿԶĿһһӰ׼ȷ˵ӦһεܡӦΪǸʵ̫ߴˣӲĹľ¶һͷôԶܹӰͲôߴ
΢紵ҩ˱ǣ˾Ҳλһˬȫë׶ſˡ˽ǰ£ϳ˲ҩٷʳ֮ǰҶʵõƷ׵ҩҲŲ٣ǰǹΪҩ㱻ҧֱۣڴ˵Ȼ˵ǱضǣǾǰССһƬźüꡣ
Ҷʼصҩ͸һĹâð̹⣬˺üڿˮ
ôߣȥˤŹ֡õòֱҪ˼ؿڵг˲ᣬгź
ǰѹƵô򵥵ȫʩչԪοǷˣⲻû취ժսҲź˵
Ϊıأһûǿͼû뵽ôһصǱأǰЩҩѾκεǿۺˣοɽµûȥ֪̽ʲôСǱؾǰҪõûеֵıضõģֻеֵıزʵġ
ȵȣǿǱߵķݲǷɵúܻôҸղŰһ£طԪתûܵѹơҶԿܷܲͻȻ˵֮ǰһֱĬ˾òϰߣƽʱĻģҶΪǰһдˡ
սظϽĿϸӦԪȷʵܹתһС̫һǿҵĹâ
Ҳ˫ۣг˾ϲȷʵתˣֻҪԪûܵѹҶҲӦܷ˰ɡ
ʲô߰ģʲôԪûܵѹȾܷˡԪһֱתûиеʲôѹơѹƵûа취ڿաҶʮֵɻ󣬲׼˵ʲô
ʲôԪһֱתŶҲԣ֮ǰͷʵûܵӰ졣̫Ľ˰ɡ˿ҶʵЩԹûһ˿ļʡ
˵ĽͣҶʲ֪ǰ⼸ôܶˤ࣬ԭɽΧԪյѹƣðԪʮһҶˣΪʲôħʦŪħС򵥵ԪŰס壬ڸ·˵ħʦ׼ȫŵħˡ
ԣ֪ܲСϾԪûѹƣҲͬѹˡŪҶҲһ£Ͼǰıʵ̫ˡ
ҶǰһԾڿն¶ڱԵһܣȻҲƽˣĴѹȫûУҲ˵ǰıؿԾȥȡˡ
ҶΧһܣѸҩժˣŷ˻ϡ䱦Ȼǿػ㸹ʵ̫ˣҶʲûκεΣա
ҩƽֳķݣҶֻеһݣݶ˳սƽ֣Ȼǹ걻Զĺˣ˭ûпǹĴڡҲһѽӹŽЯĴС
Ҷʶ꣬뻹ȡһҩּҩ֭ȵĵѪģֱϡֱϵһӿƬָ̺һ˿̺۶û¡
꿴ҶʵЩı任ãȥüȻΣҶʶһжҶʲôû˵а
ߣȥҶһһץ˳ǹսڿɽȥ
ҶҲǿǹģղһŵĺⱻҶʿ˸šսʵҪǿЩ֮ǰ˵ҪҶʽĻȰսͳǹȥҲ·ʲô⡣
Ҫ겻ģսǿʵ㹻ѹ׵һȻʺϡ
Ҷʴƽȵɽ£Ȼսһղ񣬵õսĻ⡣Ҷתɻ˶ڣͬһһĽغ


119 
ԭһֱſҶʼͷʣһɭֵķΧڣͷ·˹֮ǰҶʵļͷöʱ˷ܡ˫ð̹ĶϲʱɹޣҪǿǵʵ⣬缶ȥˡ
ͣ㡣Ҷʾʣĳȥ鷳ˡ
ʱͣ㡱仰Ǻö˶Ҷ˵ģʱҶȴѵʣҶ֪֪׵ļϵı鶼˵ľʣ˵Ĺ졣
Ҷ֪Ҷ˵ʵʵı֪ʲôˡ֮ǰѪѪ׵ûŭȼ֮չãʱʵı֪ڴ޵עˡ
Ǵ˵عڵգϵķҲûһǷףҪǳʲôӣһ͵ޣǾ֮ˡڿûˣ˶ɽȥˣҼ㸹УҲҲڡ
ҶһסҶʣԼСʾӲҪڻҵĳ꣬ڻҵľҲûзϻԾߵ˵ǰ棬ͼλľ룬СǰȥֻǴҶ߹ʱһŵԹҶʿ˸һ
Ҷżʹ˸һ˻˺ܳʱ䣬õֻûдһӵļ˾Ͷ⡣Ԫתĸ
ɭҩأ˵ӲݳʱԣĻжմȾ˴ȥ˷ҩ򣬲Чôˡ
ïܵĲݴвʱĴܳһЩСҰҰʱðһ㶼ûĸоҡڵĴӼ˵·˲ݴ档
ͷһٴУҶʵҲޱȡ͵ȵĶߺвԵĶ·𶼲䡣СͨĴС𾪵ʵ
ǵģ洦ɼҰҰھȻԪոͷĴСʵһ׵ײҶʵ˻һͷһ˶ߵҰԪ棬ϸӦȷĽ۷ɡ
ϸһ룬ҲȻˣӲݶûһеֲŴЩĶڳҩһµģһһĸҰҰԪҲͲˡ
˶˾ʳͶ˵ﶼҪŵͬʵˣЩΪʳĸһĴأǸӵĴأҶʵ˶Ҫȥˡ
Ҷʼ˵Ĵߴ£ֻӲͷƤǰ̽飬ɭֵмشȥ
ǰͻȻ˾ҵĴɽȶҡΡԭ԰ɭͻȻ˹Ұ˻ţ졣
תҶʼ˵ɫȻɫѿתŴķȥǴ򲻹ҶʼˣҶʼ˻ˡ
ǰ˴ǧףҰͻȻΧľСʱˣһݵɽǰ򶷵˫˵ǰ
һ˶ӷ׵ۼɭɭ·ĵĺ⣬ͨɽɣСʱľ˱꣬ͣķŭ𣬾޴׳ʵԵĻ档
ݵɽһ޴Ŀտƽ̨̨һֱ׵ĳѨѨϡҩģŨĽʵʻ֮ڡҶʵֱ̿ˮ޲ȥѱ˵ѸһѶˡ
ǳѨϵĴҶʵ˷ǳǵķ㣬һʮ׳ͨƵ𡣱бͷϷƵĳǡ֧βĩңһöⲼĵľ޵֮ϣӦδ򶷷ĸԴ
ߣҶʾǰһǰʱ񲹴½֪ʶʱд鱾ϿĴڡ
ԣӦǴѪߡѪ߱ӦһӦǱͿ󣬱ӸһǡǰһߺһͬĺսҲֳԾϸĿ˿֮˵ȷĴ𰸡
㲻ǴѪߣԶźֵĺʵҲˡ
棬ǲ̫ˣעⶼҵĺˡ˻ţ˫Ķֱŵߡ
棬Ҳеô档ǵĽ׶壬ҲԳ߶ˣһöΡɫȻͷϱȾСĶ࣬һ㶼
ԳǶĽף˵Զʱһ壬ʱô˵ǧȷȷݡεǣһͲһ˵̰һĿʥ롣
ô˵ǹˣݹ顣ǰһýϽҶʼ˶һ


120 ŭľ
Աôһڰˡ߳žǱ뵽˾ĳѨҪ͵ʳʱķ֣˳ѨС
ǰһֱڳѨչԼδƿǵĺӣʱر𳤣ʹڷǰͽʳ˴ʵԾҲǼֲġ
ǰͼֲôãסӵļȥʳȥˡǱϾе͵뿪ʱʩչһħþڷԲ׵ķΧڶĸӦ
ҲҺǾһۣŸճԸ뱥͸Ӧ类ˣŵһʱ˻߶ѨС
ǿ̶˵Ǵ֮ӦΪڶһĹذĸ޶ὫԼĴӡһ̵ڣһԶͬʵǱܡ
Ķ﹦ЧΪֻҪûƿǶӡڵܲţûб
ɱǿ󣬽ȫľ뾫ѪһȻ֮ͬרʵ̫ͣ󲿷޶ô̰յ߾ûʲô˼߳츳ʵ˾֪⣬ߵҲ޽֪
ǰͲ˵ˣ׹ػ𣬻ҩ˻磬սɱ⣬һ
ѣͷ˫һâҫۣ˲񷣬žȥ
̬ӷףӴ󣬲ȷʮֵѸݡС֫ӡһž޴ʯȼܵһն˿Ť
ȼŵʯҶʵֻǰһײ˫ƨâ¡һʯɫȼŵСʯ飬õǣ˵ȼ˲ٵɭɭĹľ
һδҲ⣬Ͷʯ·һֻȷ¾ǲǻڼ䡣̽Ľߴ˾ǰľѪʢѾظ˹
ڿշ˾βϻεزһöȻȫʢ״̬£Ҳͷ˺ͶԷƴĴ㣬׺Ͷ߻ʹħһ壬֪ʲôħ
ڿնߴҩ̵ĳѨҶʼʱſ
öϵƸ֣İֵ۷ǿҵ߲ʹâһ߲ʵС̫Ҷʵ˶ε˫۶ݵʧ
찡ö̫˰ɣǶѹƲסܲĵۣеһֶ˵֮⡣Ҿ˵ȻǴ֮ǰߺûбҪ͵ʳǼȻһöҲпԭˡҶȥǿȻɰˡˮҳһٲ涼ʪһƬ
ûЦӦΪһö˶ĶĶĶһľҶʵöδҪ͵ȻԼĵδһ֣ȥ䡣
ڿлһɫ磬쵽˼£ϵĽžͷһԳǾõܶһе콣ޱȡ˵ٶȣԾ˵Сɵ壬߰Ʒӵ˼£ܴӾĵطھϴ̳һѪ
˻ķأβϲŵöǣڡһʵӲ´ԼѪᾧ
ĿռУֲֺ棬Ҳİ߳˲֪뷨ǱΣû취ּ̧ԼһԪŨħܣԪĺȶʵʡһƤɫϡеļӲʯԭͻѰƻۡ
ҲûиıˣַҲûзӶáͷϵһԳǵĹ£ȫֽһ㣬ͬǿͷʹޱȵħӳֵķĴơ
ѪעϿ˲ٵĿӣеŭʵʻȴ޿ΣռȻץס˾ߡ
棬ԹǾôôɸҷҵĺӣǹƽһս죬һ֮²ʯľַ۳Ϊ˷ɻҡ
棬ǻ̫ˣһôɵҵĴͺ㹫ƽһսΪʲҪϱûʲôƽĹƽһ˵ƽֻߵĹ־߲ûͣΧžϵǰ̣˵ŴȻĻþԡ


121 ܾ
ѵ㲻ñ˵ĺвԷʮֿɳ𣿡˻¡¡졣
˷Ѵˣ챿ĻƴҪҽҾһв㣬㲻ܷſֽȫʩΪҪɱ㣬ȡô߼Цţ˵ĵĻ
㡭ŭһ˫ǰצӡɿ
һĳìգһֻǰצѳìСìʵ̫ˣʣʣǿìһ㺮â趯졣
ŭգìצųìݺݵǰͱȥնˣ
߲һ㶼ûеģûóʲôľѧȥֵûתܡֻŤһ³壬βת˶ͷǰ
ȻŭҲ޿κΣֳ̧ȥеԪٻĳìѽһ󲨶ɢ˿ȥ
ǹЦͲµھɢȥеĳìʱʽǿжħ¾ȥδ֮ʱİڶƳһĻߣܿ˾˫צ赲嵽˾ǰ
ſڣڰɭɭĵĺâϸһɭ׵ɫڱպϣҧ˾ţһ˺˴Ѫ⡣˿̫ˣڿ˾ǿ죬սġ
ͷһ˦߸ߵſһȥȻɺǡ
ؿڼ䱬˴ѪؿһƬѪģѪܵ˸صˣޱȵʹ̣׳˫ڵϺҵ̤ʯƿնϡҶʼҲؿڷƣѪӿ
ɫ˺ҧʱע뵽˾ؿ֮ϣʱ˿ΧӣʴžѪ⡣ôһСʱ䣬žͱϺɫϵޡԭ˿ʺѪҲϺɫ
㣬㣡Ȼ߱񶾡󾪣ϳ˾֣Ҳ˲
˫ӡ÷ɿ죬˫צʮָգĺۼھָת֮һ׳Ũİɫɢȥһʮֻ׳򹲼Ե˳ˡ
һĴȱ˫ϣĳһŨĽճİ׹⣬иҩӰΧŰ׹ת׹ؿڽӴɫһ졣
ʱޱȵסĴŴֱҲ֮ǰôͦˣ˵ûõģȻ֪߱񶾾Ӧ֪жĽ߱һزÿó߱ǶҪصĴۡ۶ж֮ҪٵһȣǴ׬ˡ
ս׿֤ʵ߱ɫ䣬ڸҶʼ˽ͣ˵һọ̈̄ǿȥˣǿᡣĺߺͲռʲôˣʱƵжнȵȣҷĺֶߵءǾôĲ㣬ȻɵӦΪǵ߶սб߾ͻóһУһóͻޱȵ߶ֻҪ˵жԷڣѸٵɢȫʶܱʴڡԹŴɵߣͷų߱ܶɱϵ߶Ҳ˽߱񶾡
ҶʼȻ֪Ϊʲôôľ֣ʱͣսĽҲɫѿܱ֮߱ĶҺ붼¡˶֪˺üý˶жƵá
ʹİ׹ⲻϺ߱񶾾߱ûмһ˿ôϡһ綼ܴɢǾ޷
ʹ⻯ܽ˰׹ڣ˾ؿڣ߶ɢٶ΢ļ
߶Ѹٵӣɢ˾ĴӣĻҲˡ߶ͨѪҺɢеޱȵԴҲһѣΡ
ҵġ˫Ѫ죬ʧȥǡ
һȭͷС͸ɫӾüķɳǾ̺Ԫļ£ױȵѹɢ
ھҵȼգһƾԪաԪϵŤ䶯ڿĹ켣ɢ
ס֣ס֡ģĺҲꡣ߾ˣڲסĲ
棬ƻ棬ûõģѵҲͲôѵҲҵĺӲᱻɵôɳҵȼգҲѸٵʧǴʱľˣг˲Ķһۣ
ס֣ҷŹĺӡϾʧ˵βһŤ׻˳Ѩڡ


122 ľϲ
ˣ˸㣬һͣˡԼĺӱ׻˳ѨУ¶һ˿飬ͬʱҲһ˿Ľѡ
ھҵȼգֱֻһָ׸ǴСʱͣ˾צС
ΪףŨԪΪճһյħ󣬸ַĲħģħظС
Ҷʵڶμʶôħ󣬵һʱӡĵطʱǸħȻ£ǴڷǼ״̬Ҷʵ廹
ʱħڻԾ״̬Ũصѹסɭ֡ɭм˸Ҳûκηӳڶ޴ʱȫڵϣڲסĲɭоĵġ
е׳粻ʱħϴһƬƬ
ħʼ⣬ʼתڲܲķҲŶгһµķġͻȻĿʼħڲȥǶڲıԵħҲʼҲڲϡ
仯ûֹͣۼڲ㷨ʱڲħ֮ľͣѸٵмһصŻŤзԲ׵ķΧ
һ˶Դȴ̽˳ԴǷˮɣȻǲӡǰצظ򡢺֫β͡պϣħҲ׵İ
ǰһͷ޴צۼɭɭԾ޴ĳ򡣳ſգɭֶڰ
˽յ˫ۣ˫磬Ǿ޴һ˫һԽɫ̫
ϵľʱһצӶѣǴʱ˫ֲһӡ
еſڣһɫӿеǵŲܶߡ
׳˺ʹӰΧУʵʵߵߴλá
жûзֱӻҷˣһ֮¾ʹ˴ʱ˽ٻңֻͷϵһԳǡ
ϵһ֮ʧˣѹˣµҶʵҲһղҪ˵ļ䣬ȫëƤð˳
תͷ­ĶҶʼˡü˸շȥֶᵽɤۣ˶ޱȵĵģòҪϾɱɡ
˫йâϵ˸պâɢȥŲɣĳɷ֡
࣬жмҪǡĿڣޱȡ
ʲôܰϵľ˵ʵޣ̫鷳ǰﲻʲôæġҶǰһظĵİ죬ҪԼ˵ŷȡ
˵Ǿ֮ͣҲһĺôеתʱûӴе㲻ӦҶʵ˵ʽ
ŶʲôôҶʻûпڣʾʹ˳ˮĵδ졣Ȼʲôô˫ĶžצӣﻹС飬ָ׸ǴС
Ŷô˵Сʵĳ񻺺࣬ϾʥĴʣ֪ҶʺʥȫմϹϵ
΢һͣ٣ֿˣҵսᣬҲߵľͷҲģҵĺӻ֪ô죬иǣҰ󡣡
һ̫鷳ˣҪɳҲҪѲٵʱ䡣ôֺõ飬ҲŲӦҶҲûֱӿھܾˣתŵ˫¶ҶʵǾԲûзһ㡣
ԴҲеתû뵽Ҷʼ˻ֱӾܾҪ֪ɳľʵģԼĶԼĹû˻ܾһδİ֡
üʣڵɣҿʣ޼ʵΪλһЩΪǻ飬ʵԽǿɭеİҲԽ󡣡
˵׳ھĿ»ԪʸޱȵѸ٣ҶʻᷴƵá
滹ȽϵҶа֣ȴ˵Ϊû̫ĹϵǲҲûкôô
˰ˣҪˣ֮ʲô֪ŭûбôСв
ͷϵҲϡ䣬ϵۼҲˣЩҪԼȡҪǻ⣬ôƾҲҪǶɱˡ˫ִ±ĶҶʣֻҪҶ˵־ҪϳƵá


123 ջ
⣬ǳ⡣Ҷʴ֣ѾвԶĺˡ
ʵջȫ֮ϲֳһѵıݣĪĵõĺôʵʵˣߴûŪֵҲ׵ˣȻһѵҩҲȻȻıҶ㵽˽вƲС
ԭ뿴եȡʲôʣֵģûԼԵһףͱƵľԼ塣ôôĹ죬ҶҡҡԴ˦߰뷨ѾƵľԼԼмֵǺۼ׶˳ҶҪЦ
ûȥϵ۾ͱӣʵ̫ˣֱǶٲŸɵĳ¶ҶкݺݵıԼ̫ˡ
ٴĿҶһۣȻת˶Դ¶ŨĲᣬ忪ʼĹââȥ֮ϣĽ͸˽ȥûƿǶӦҵҡ
һ˶߻죺жһŵùǣúõչҵĺӣҪˡ
ҶʼЦҲ湻ɵģ˭ãƫƫҪûԵʡֱƤ׵ǣһʲôʲôģвͨ
ǹ任һĨʧΪô˻ҶһȺ˵ģû뵽һǾ׿֤ʵʵݣ¡ڿԳƱʵ
ȥǱսƷʰһ£ߵšҶʽ˼һԭصȴʰ¾ʬ壬˳տʡ
ҶһԾǴһ߸ߵķȵ˾ݻޱȵѨС
ǰԶ۲ʱͷѨ̶ȣǱϾûнӽûȥܣûһֱ۵˽⡣ʱУճĽǰҶ𾪵ˡǲŨҲƴ͸ëҶʵӿȥҶʸոͻףȺһЩ飬ûкúõȹ̾硣
ڽĹϴҶʵľȹԲЩҶüֱ˵Ͳûˡ
ƺǸӦҶʵϢҲǶҶԼʾǷܲ΢ҡ˼¡
ٺ٣ͦôģԺ͸ǻˣĺġ㳤ڸҸƯø㵱ţô˼˰ɡҶʺٺЦţߵ
ֻԶԶĸ߹ҶʣҶʵŽżҲŵǵĶˣֻ˸Լĵߵĵط֣˵Ĺ졣΢ҡҡҶʵơ
ҶҲ⣬۹ɨȤĶ
Ѳ֪Ѿȥľ׼˶òŴģֱ˵ҩıˡʲôѪ֮ģս񿴵ñҪҪǰоźüֻݶһꡣѾ𾪵ˣ𾪵⻹ǳѨ۵ĶҲ˵Ķӵ󣬺öҶʶв
кñкñкñҶ߶߶ģϵĶȴûͣ˫ַɿĶŴ˳ĻӰ
ѨеҩڿٵʧţҶСֵֿһʢĹβͻ
ǹ겻ƽˣҶԽģľԽܡҶҲ̲סЦݣһѷ쵶ݺݵĴ̽ڣݺݵŤ˼¡ļֱڵѪһԺ𣺡һԭҵģԼڵġʱȴҶʸȡˣʲôûУëûиԼһ
ٴҩҲҶʵĻٴҩҲҶʵչΡټһҩѳɵĳѨۿɼٶʧȫҶʵĴ
ְһҩȫôһŨϼ⣬Ҷʴ˸ã̹
˫ֱסҶڿշ˻䵽˼˵Ľǰְ˵ϣҲûȥܣҶתͷס˻ھʬæµļˡ
ھʬõĶģĽɾûмһ˿䣬һ֪ˡ
Ǳˣʵͽģû뵽һӵĻˮæ˴죬ͷ϶ˣ׼ĵҲ֪û˶ٰѣǾûмκεɶǵü
ǰ׵ľͶ˾壬ͱһһΪ׾Ͱû뵽ôӲֲǴôĹֱûˡˣ߳ǣղôҶʸϽģ߽ǼֵģͻȻ뵽߳ǣһš


124 
ҶһһԳ߽ǾͱҶУҶԣȫ֮²ûиеĳһ˿ӡۣ˵ˡ
Ҷ˻ӣָлҲϻߣӾͳ˾ʬϡתȫԪеĳǶһӽɫ
˵Ҳ֣˵ۼױߵĳ׵Ķˡתһ룬ҶҲȻˣҲռЩơҪȾЮ˾ҪЮ¶ܽӽͱħôĥˡ
ʵ̫ˣʱŵҲ׸ߣһСɽƵáеĳȻӲҶҲȫİ۰Ҳķ˲ٵʱ䡣
ͷϵһҲĵرڲ̺еۣ׹ͨƳڵԪͨĹȥҶ߳ѾѪģľͷ˴죬ǰһǸ
õĲֶҶ̧˾޴ʬԭĳѨȻ˫ȭɽ¾ҵҡ׹³ƬʯѾ͵
˷ˡҶϯضͳ˸ղá
ҩҶƽֳ˼֣ΪûһݡȻ͵صƷˣҶʰһ۸˳ⶫûãϻ׸
˶ŰۣۣҶʸͲȤҪ֪Ƴڼ״ѰĵˣǾƷܻٻҶʵǿȣҲȻˣõҲõķߡǻգҶʶһĹϡ
Ҹ˴켸ڼףʱһһûпս˴С
ҲûãҲҪ鷳ҲûйȥιһͷľҶָָҲȤȱȱ
һûлȨ꣬ҶʵֱⷬҪһǰʵĻ۲ҪҲˣҲҪղžȻ߸Ūĺ޶գй˼²ʵȫûзӳ
Էǳ϶˵ͷԶԶԽҴϵʵû񣬻ûгŨţϷܲÿһ䣬žǰķءֻҪϤĵԶĸ׵Ĵڡһδĳ֣ҶȴȤȱȱҪǿԸҰ
㣬治ҪڻʱȥһֱҲôҪҿ͸ذɣʵ΢һ㡣սˣһע⡣
͵ͷӦˣһҲȽϵĺ񣬼ҲûˡҶʼ˼жǿߣҲȷʵʡ
һĸжȻ񣬵ǲɵ֪˵뷨ҶʼˣȷʵҪһͷɳľҲûоܾ
ʣǣһߵģһǾġߵıȽϼӲҲȽϷ˵Ҫ΢Ĵһ㣬ܸõĹԪȥӳʵأȽϴ󣬾Ҫһ߽ǾͺˡΪ֮ǰֵʱҲһ߽ǡʣµǾսһһɡҶ룬ķ䡣
սͷʾûڸӼ̷߽ǣ˳ԪǸʺǡ
ûȴͷҡ˹ƵãУ̫Կˡ߽ҵôҲûҶľͷӲ˶áҿһ߽ǾͶҶʰѡ
һҶʽֲصļҲ߽ǡ
ôŲаͻȻˣɭУΣصģѲɻҪ˫ֱһ޴ǰɣǲ൱Ըֽô
öѾ˿ҪƿǵʱˣҸղǾҲ֪ǵѴʱ򣬼һ̡ӦϾܹģһξѪȥԡսǴСҰ޴򽻵ģܵľ͸˴𰸡
ɣǶ뿴ȻڼһеǣѹǾͼ·еȲˣ񿴿ճʲôӡ
ص˵ͷָƳһξѪϡ
ѪһڵϣҵѪܲϹճһħöǿҵĹâε۾ѪҺҲĽ͸ڲ뵰ڵһ
ꡱꡱꡱ𣬼ӲܲһصƬ


125 ͻ
âȻʧˡԭسһصѵĵǣƬ֮վһֻаСȸߵ
ԲһƤһƬûĸɢǿҵĺؽСһ㣬ͨɫһӨˮȵʵϵƬɫ᲻ϵļջɹͭɫɡ
ԲС˫ۣеĹâʮֵãסأ¶ʮԻЦݣС۾
ҲʮֵĿģоǰС޵ϵ֪ԷЩʲô
壬˫֣СƤǵ߽صĻС˫İסһ˵Ƶģ߸ߵľʮֿĵ˵Ժ͸ػˡӦøȡ֣ʲôأŶˣҪܳƻʡǵȻܽлˣ̫ǺһεˡɴͽʺˣԺͰѹʣҳ
Ҷʼͷĺߣжĳ𰡣ȡֶռʵıˡ˶ʮֵϲԵظеˡ
СƤ򣬴ʱӦýСʣʮֵĿġСצűȻŹĶ۾﷢۵Ц
ʱ򣬱ԪеҲ춯ԪʼһĽɢȻһںƵá
ŨԪԪʵıǿ˽ȥ¶ʵ塣ʱϵƬЩĹ󣬺֮ǰ޹ƬȫȻͬһ˿ӡ
˫ۣ磬졣ͬһʱ䣬ɫѸٵİͬһ֮βաһǾһоڡ
кǦƲϵŤתʱʱĴתŵƲбŷʵˣûҶٵĺƴͬʵȻҲͬĳѹȣǻ
ƲתٶԽԽ죬ǼҲԽԽܼƲʧˣȡ֮Ǿתĵ
ڵһǵĶ˿ڴһ׳Ľɫ¡һ죬ؼ䶼ʧˣֻ
绮գֱȡʶȥһӰΧŶת
ʱ˸ţѧҶٴġ˸ƤˣͬʱŨ㴫˹
Ҷʼ˶ֱһڿˮһ
ʹٶûʱɫǴʱ˶ӷĹʻ۶
ǼڶɽٵİҪǿСıʲϵĵţǳ˰С
ԭЩ˼ļˣʾֵģЦ˵ôõĿ⣬ûʵôġ
צҶôϤˡʹ˸缸ɣҪģÿҲͳԸٰʮӡǰ˿С۹ˣһ۾Ϳ˼ζˡЦĵϷʣƽʱ򲻹ʣֶɽʵ˸Ӵ򲻹ˡӦʣǷǳġ
ÿ˰ٰʮ㿴һҲŶٽޣ˵ЩҸǰ붼Ҫ룬ȻѶûǱסβ͵ëʱŭˡ
ӴΪĺܣ˵ĻеëȻ֮µĽǱٺݺݵһǡʹʲסҴܣϵ˿ڶͷˡ
ءרĶ١Ҳԣʷģ±տڲ
һһһһӵĴ׳նˣħӰ໽׺зڣޱȵңվǿ
׺һɫĶգֱʵϡ
ֱӱ˵ʯϣҳһӣ·һѪ꣬ۼ⣬Ϻö϶¶Ө׵Ĺͷ
Ҷʼ˴󾪣Ҫȥ֪룬һ΢ӷд˳û¡
Ҷʵ˷ղŻΪʧˡɽʧֻֽһֱӱɽٻңһ־ʵܵ޸ƣ޷
ɫһ֮¾ʧˣʱ콵꣬ǧؼԪʱӿȥѸ޲塣
ʱһһĹȥˣеҲʧˣԪҲƽʵϢȴʧˣ˴ʧɫ
Ҷһȵĳ˷棺ʣʣ
ʯɽһϽɫӰʯдܳɢž˵ƣն˺ˡ
Ҷʣѹ㣡ʵĴЦ˵ĶС


126 Ҷʣѹ㣡
ϣΧصתÿһŤ׵գߣǳѳ֮⣬ٶȿ쵽˼¡
ҶʵķӳҲ٣רоٶȼĶ֣ҶҲһЩ֮
ɫƸ߸һѹǬ챮СΧڵձҶʸסˣʸ˳ϵת˹ȥƶؼĴơ
žһ죬Ҷʵƽʵʵ̽һֻצϡûУҪҶһǶģĿǰȻûгɹ
ŶʹҶСӿѹ㡣ʵǰצҶʽʵʵøһǣʹķ˲Ҿ徵ĺУĵֳ
ʵʮֵдƽأڵеٶȻҪ졣ҶʶգҶ֪֪ף˱ƴٶҶʵߡȻ˵ǽһӵ¼٣ƾմҲؼܴﵽٶȡ
ʵǴúܺõģҶʵҲҵĺ׼ġҶȴ̱ˣ֮ǰ뼸ٶ͵Ķֽս֮ҶʾѾ뵽ĿǰĽ취һֱûлʹãôĳҶҲͲúõİԼİ취һ
ʵҶʵİ취ܼ򵥣ȻĿǰٶԼ㣬ǾͲȥԼȥͱӲƴԼȥֲٶϵĲͺˡҶ츳ÿһȭÿһƶ˺Ѳ񷣬նúձݵĶס̶¼ҲҪУͷӲ
ҶԭزֻͷԼƣԼСΧĿռǸɲҶʵƣֱˡ
һδε͵ϮֻҪӽҶʣֱ¶˳ٶȱҶǴͻǴӺ͵ϮȫһҶһδεĻ˳ȥ
Ҷյʮ־ÿһεĻһսϡʳ˱ñ֮⣬ûܵһ˿һˡ
ϰٴε͵ϮѾһȦȻʵǱҶʸһȦġ
ۿںڣǿһӣһ˿ѪҽţҿҶʣҲ̫˰ɡ˵ģ㻹طְ
ŭˣסıԹҶ̫ݡΪ̫˵Сǣǵ˿ڣ۵졣ִ沿ǣ沿ȭˡеŭˣжĳ𰡣ôô
Ҷڶ˺գ˽ȥԶҶʵİԻ˳
Цı飬һ⻪ϴСС඼ʧˡɢŨԪ񷶼
һӰʵܣΪԲģгһ󷨡Ӱ࣬岻ͬнде඼С
һ޺бٻӰ·˳Žǵʿ˹ӣڽӲжһ˿鶯϶һ˿
ڶӰһƿգֱӽҶʵΧҶʸΧסˡ
ŲսӰһ˶뻮һѵأһ˳ǧΡ
һ磬߲ͣҶʳ̶ͷϵĳǷĵĺâڿһڻȼյ𣬽˫졭
ҶսвͣŲշת˫ȭӶղϵıѣ졣
ҶʻܴϼοҶʻġӰʵ̫ˣԣǻܷӳĲܡ
Ҷûпסϵһ죬ֻ޺˳˶ദ
ҶʷɿĴӵг˷ܣʵ̫˼ˡ֣ԶһҶʵϣеҶʸӵӢ䲻ҶʻɢŽ⣬ɢһ˿ϣ·
սΧ£Ҷսٴδս
ԶҶսһأǴԶſĶսʥߣһȭһſƽ쳣ȴ̺дܴ
ǰβƵս󣬴ʱܵ˾ҵĳסҡʱսӰҲͣ˸𲻶
Ҷ̧֣ɢŨԪħӰΧҶʶתǳһ޴ϵӰһȭǰУһȻִ
սֱ߽еӰһʧ˿С


127 ʰʣʮƳ̣
ùȶҶʣΧһжˡϳһӣ⻬ƽֱʧؼ䡣
һеʼٸߣҶʻȭͷҵĶ˫ۣĬĬŸղŵһ
ƬӵĹҶȭ˫һ˿ľϲոպԶΪһ壬ҶսԽԽ˳֣ʲôҪ緢˲²졣ֱˮɵĴ˸ղŵһһжȻʣ˵
óĿǰóɱУٻսʱʹӿȻľ޴󣬲ûбĿϢǿҶʣҶʻôӦԡ
Ҷһȭסˣʸŵôģ˵ϡҶʸոһȭۿˣ˶ΪǺƧּǿߵȫһ
Ȼ˵ɵƻﲻмĸֵó̶ȣؼĴǿȴȫͬ
㲻ͻ˰ɣʵ
ʶҶʵʱ򣬼˵Ϊ뵱Ҷʵʵȴ𽥵ߣѼ˶˦ֿһʱ֮ҶʶѾˣü˺óһʱ䡣ڲͻ˰֮Ĳ˰ɡ
ʵҲҪʵģһ·ʲôˣֻΪ˵һѵĻᣬֻҪǻһ֣ƴҲҪҶٲľءԽ̣һ·Ҷʵ˵ʵֱӻ߼ӵߣʱ޿̶ڶҡľġҪҶͻˣֱĨˣһᶼû˰
ôͻƣֻǸһЩʵɡҶʿһ˪˵ӵı֪˼룬ѵõûܻ𳵵Ĵˡ
ˣ£ûн൱˲̫ҶǵʵһˣˣսͻȻعһĲ˼ͨʲôԵĿԸо侫ӵˡ
صıҲһüͷ嵽һƬ֮չ˿¶ȻһЦ
ٺٺ٣צӷ˰Ҷʲˣֿ˼ˣһץס˲ڼ󣬴˿Ҫʡ
ʲôӷˣôءҾ绹ûȹһˡƴҪҶʵѳȥһжͽͣҶʵصļѲ
ʣүż˭ڿҪѹҵأҶһɻ󣬱ǳãȻðӰˡ
ʵıӵ㯣أôûĴսˣ˻þţԣһ
þһþһҶɻãȻһЦöʡ
ҶϷˣֱ־סϵ⣬˳ʱתʮȣȻʱתʮȡһ˳һΪһƳ̣ʮƳ̡
ʵĴʹҲ˵ĸзſʡ
ʸղŶȻǾȫǲûһ˿ɱҶʲɵӵȻӦõҶԺÿ˵ʲôͻȻѣȸһѵԺûûˡ
צһ㶼үǰǰǿںź˵ҪѹҶʵôʱôֱӾ͸˰һЦĵϷʣʺһֱ·ļңʱʳԱǷǳĸ˵ġ
ȥСһȥ˵˱ֲˣôеүءҰȻҴ򲻹Ҷʣѹ㲻Ƿַӵ顣ʿҲͷŤһߡ
ĲУȷʵǴ򲻹ʣҧгݣġ
һŤͷͿЦɫͨ졣۾תתͻȻʲôͻȻͱˣ㲻Цһûղ浰ʱҿѵģ˵ĻҶСƤʣѹʣôѹôˣҶʲҲиô
ޱƵͻȻҲǿİQ뵽ҶҲһбռ˱ˣͺ
Ҷͷߣǵģ֮ǰûз֣ôһᣬ˿Ҷʵɫ͹ֵֹġҶ̧־ʵԴһ£͵ֵļһȫһ顣
žһϸСʵͷϣȻƤļһûʲô˺ʸͷһںڡ
ŭˣŤͷɨȥһǴЦͷŤһߣԼЦݴ̼ʡ
ĳԲƯڿУɵŤŤġͷϻһСһ磬ֿͣ׵ҲһƬڡ


128 ǰ
ʺҵĲ˲ĿŵСӣ϶ζҪٸңҾͰ㿾ųˡ
ʵĻ˵꣬Сֱһ硣ʷŭʱСһǱܱó嵽Ҷʵļͷ
վҶʼͷСһ⣬ֺһֻСצӣָָʣȻצָ˵档ȻָָҶʣСצӸ߸ߵָ̧졣ȻָָԼָָҶʣСצճһСȭͷ
ˣôһƨǵ˰˱ӵѪù
ʿʴͷɥģֿС죬ǺǡЦǵһЦ
ˣҪˣɭΣءȻھطΧ֮ڣȺŪ˾춯صĶϢ𽥵ɢ¹˶þбǿˡȰеĶһ£ȻϽ뿪Ҷʱ˼ͷСͻء
ͬʱͳǰõǣʩųԪסеĳǣϵİй˼Ӵĥ
ҶʸҪѪĿȡһڵĳǹǹɢĵĺ⣬ƥԪӿѳǹ߳ǶסˡҶʵĲϼڻҺ壬˳ǹϣ߲ϵںϡ
ԪɢȥǰһոµԭĳǹȲ䣬β䣬ǹεСǹ˳ꪣǹں߽ǣԵøӵɱ֮졣
ҶʵһξѪѸٵıգһ⣬ҶʻӵĵӦֱ֣۵졣Ҷʮ⣬˳˼ǹ̩ɽ
ʱҲˣһֳ⻪תսһִͬԡ
˼򵥵£ոĵԪʱ۷״̬޺еɭݲ˲СģʱпʲôΣգǿʵȥԡ
ʱľͷһһߣ֮ǰҲ˿ĺ˵֮ء
ڼ˵ʾ֮£ǳǳְҵµĵ˿·ȷ棬ʵôֻԼ
ǰһƬİһСƬžԵͳελվһСƬʳˡ
ڶʵĺ޶Լ֮ڣʲôǳõĽ壬һǲܵġҪ͵ĵıϾһദҲ֪꣬ҪǶɭֻס
಻ڶĻ棬ҲһûԸ춼ͬȽ׵
ҲûôùûһԽġߡڼսǼɵɢ޵ľϢһƬžԵ塣Ȼڶ޶ޱȵɻôΧһߵϢնеĺ棬ǰ̽Ĵ㡣
ҪһСĵģǵþˣԼʳǼֱԩûеط˵ˣӦ˵û˵ˡ
Сĵǰţһ·ϵҲоգ˼ǿϢǵеעԪ̺ЩϢɢʱ˶ѹϢȴˡ
Сʱ䣬ȥ˾ءΪʲô˵Ŀ϶ΪҶʼ˸еһ޵ѹȸУ;ǰƽһ̶ȡ
˿ٵջеŽЯĴУҪصĴڸӦߵϢɹŹ֡һУ˶ģȫԪѹƵ͵㡣
Ǽ˵ٶȻһ㣬ԶǿڽӽƺƵԪϮ
һϵһ죬ҶʱײõɳȥҲһꡣƬľڣڵϣ죬̳
ʵղһҶʸӦһʱ伤˹ϣǰһ˼˵ǰӲǶûпһ
Ҷ˻ǿͣǷ˫ǻҶʵѪסķڣɫһƬĳ졣
˿ٵ˳ҶҲҶת˼Ȧѹ˷ڵѪϳȥ
˶ȥǰվĵطѾûӰǱոϮ˺˰ɣû˼ȥϸ롣
Ϊǰʵ̫ǿˣոӲ˶ԷһȻûпʲôޡ˵жЩëͬʱҲֵıĪıƹȻ֪ƹʲô
ж֣ԻҶʶôΪ֪ԷжǴʱȫͿͲ֪ôȥӦԡԷǳʱռƣٶȴﵽ˼¡


129 Ǵ͵
ɫĹӰڿлٴϮٶʵ̫ˣʶ׽˶Ĺ켣
ε׼ҪһЩҶǰ涥ţ˻ǱɳȥԶҪЩҶ˷û̫ܵĳؼʱҶ΢΢Ĳһ壬ڹϵĹ˳Ź΢΢ĻȻ˳ȥ
ݼ˶룬Ҳǹⲻ˴ϢĻᣬǲ֪ȥ˺գһֳ˼ˡ
Ҷŭˣվŵ˰ĻӣԷʲôûпëûаһȥ涼Ҫ
ҲʵԷǿҪܣͶԷٶȱж㲻ϡҶʻȥˣ׼
ԪӿսֱΧաɫ縡֣һԻҶʵϣҶָ֡΢źǰצϣָתǳڻ
ϵһ죬ҶʴϵĹǱײ˳ĻǡҪҶڵһʱùķ򱻹жҪһ˶ʱķҶʣҶ˵ǻᱻײ÷ɳȥ
ڶԷĹҶϵĹϵʱҶʵצݵöסգݺݵץ˶Էϡվߵ建һ˶ݵͣ٣֮ǰ˳ᡣ
ҶʯצڶԷϴ˴̶ӲĽھҵĦᡣ
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ԶȥҶҲջƣϸŵӰˣղֱӱԷ΢һɢˡ
һɫëͨӽɫǻƽ̶ɡƮƮĸоŽĺظС
ҶлһĿӣ˿ڲȴʵʵڵˣŽɫѪʶ
ҶͷƤ飬ǿʵ̫ˡղŻȥӲӶԷĹֻ͵ϮԷץȥԷܷӦ΢΢һ𣬽ˣҶʵͽֽƻˡ
ͬʱҲڰңҺ֮ǰûп˿ȥҲҺþԼ󣬲ȻĻ˾ǶָͷĹ
ǽɡս˿Ҷеëֿ˿Ҷĵ˿ڣͷˡ
ϱ޻취Ҫ˽ôӣ¼ļٶȿɲǴܴóġٶȿ֮⣬˫ĴҲ֤ǲĲˡ
࣬ǾȻҴǰǾĶܵҵأֱѰ·ɫӰͣϿУ¶Ρ
һƯĽɫëɢҫ۵Ĺ󣬳ҫĵĺâһ˫צץաɫĳչʮ׳Ϣת
ĻǽȻ֮ǰ˾Ͳµϣı֤ʵ˵һ̣˻ޱȵ𺳡
ҶʿԿ϶ǣոڣԼľһԿĳҺ׻ȽϵĿףѿѿ˵㣬Ȼʱ붼촦ˡ
ڱԼǿаǸëǶԳϵˡΪʲôô϶Ϊ˫ȫչ˵ĴһߵĳԵܿһëһȱ
ֱŭ˼㣬֮ǰڳ˯ͻȻӦ˾Ϣ֮»ΪǾԽˣϵֳûп˼࣬һһС
һĻһҪǾֱӴһܶûôķŭʱ˼˴մȾϾϢĶܵԼĵҫҪ֤ԳԼϢס裬ǳ裬üԼȻ֪ЩǴģǴҲûȤ֪
ᣬᣬֻ··ģ͵ġҶ֣˵ĲΪʲôڣϽƲϵ
ҶʰֵʱϻץһոհĴëӲӵë£ɢҫ۵Ĺâޱȵۡ
˫۽ضҶеǸëͫҲҶʵȥȥ
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130 ŭ
Ҷ˫֣׼ȷ˵ǶҶеһɫëĽϢͻȻÿĲӽɫ˫ȾѪɫ˽ɫ
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ҶʻһֺõĶŴеëҡҡҡ
һԵؼ˴Ҵ´ͻȻͰѼ˸˺ˡ˸ϽͱͱҶʣסļüŪ۸Ҷʹɫ
۾ôˣɳˣ԰ûйη簡ҶǸóˣʱ˻ñ˰æǮ˵ʲôƱףǰ˲˵棬ȿֺʱҶɵÿɰڣͱﲻ̫ȷĻﶼˣҶеǸëҶʻɵĻζţ浱ǰ찡
õɳӰϻëһĿ࣬ſǻˡ
ҶͻȻӳ˹ڴǰϵĻζŴϰëⲻô˫һǴ˿ëҲ˵ϣݽڡ
ʧˣʧˡҲҪעⱣˣ㿴ëһ͵ҺңҪĺĻǹ˰ҶȻҪһ£ǿԽԽ֪꣬û˻ˣԵľͰѽ˸ס
ܰҶʵϷת壬ûôȷŭкһȾܡ
˶Ǵһ£û뵽ҶôĻôİԵǲҲˣҲҶһ̵ľˡ
ҪɱǡţܴƶĤ
ŭ֮µĴ˵ϣֻצŵأ˫չ˫ðҶʼ˾׷˹ȥĳ˲ݾԶľ֮ľһš
ֻЩʣֻҪûбŭʧȥǣսƾŹ˵ٶȴͷ԰ѵŪڹ֮䡣һŭʧȥǣ˫Ѫ죬ϢϲƻκηκεԪƻֻеķŭй
һ˫Ữ֣֪ҪܳɵĹľһƬֿмֱ˫еѪ֮ɫҲ˼֡⻹ԶԶĲҪ׷ҶǣóһƬһƬģȻ˫צץ࣬ܰͷĲй
ҿ𼦷ˣѾҶʸĲ˰ɡسջͷһ£һֱܹľƬ£̳졣
ŶúЦڵļ˵߸ϵһֻҶʸӡ˫צŵǼһڵϱܣΪڲͣƻйϵõЩʵĴ̶ļЦ
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ʱصľ˶һŤͷ˿еļ˶ˣڵɱٶȻһֱڵļ˿첻˶١
ȻڵϵĴûеļٶȣǳ˳ҶʼҪСһЩֲö;ĹľٶȻҪҶʼ˿ôһ˿Ȼ˵һʱĴ׷ϣȥ綼ᱻסģҲ֪ʲôʱᷢйԼտн
ﻹûлӣҶͻȻʵ
ţӣͻȻһ㶣ûҶʵͼײһŹԵսһߡ
ҶӣòҪͻȻˣԾʵ
Ҷӡ˵ëβã첻ë㻹Ҫϵɫôһ˵ͻȻӳ˹ûгԾһľϲԾԾԵӡ
ҿУղŶǱҶʸˣŸڵܣҲ֪áҪͻȻйˣ˹ڿնǾͱΣնˡûʱʱĸһŵģȻ˲˲ãܼŭҲһ˿ıϡս룬ͻȻ˵
ⶼˡ㣬лûУоͿЩҶʴߴϸֳһĻЦ
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131 
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ٺ٣ǰʱһԼû¶ġϴҶʾ£ҲŷԭⶫԵжôáҾͻȥ͵͵һѣⲻھôб޻ôٺٵЦţһĵ⡣
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ౡٶ̶ִӥ˾βסķŭ
˻ͷһۣɫ̳죬ˡֻɫرҫ۵ĺ⣬˿񱩵ɱ⡣̳пٵƶѸٵĳķΧ
˲ſǴ˫ۡʱѾӽɫѪɫһƯĽɫëҲѬһƬڡҫ۵Ĵ񣬱һֻĺѻ
Ҷһڨڨı飬߶˼׶˫͸¶˷ܣһ㶼ûӡ
˿Ҷʵı鶼˳ݣҶ־Ͱүǰ24Kģ˵ɾ͸ɣһ㶼
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ҶʼЧﵽˣ²Ųæģһһʱʱ涪ôһŵġԴûʲôʵԵɱЧϷŭĳô˫еѪŨĿ£Ҫʵˡ
һֱſҶʼͷʣͽץؼͷСҲȤڲϵĳҪ֮£鲻ԸͳΨ²ҵһ
һļЦһſҶʵļͷʱʱͳһŴȥлϵķУУС
ѧصļͷȵСʣֺǺǵģŸĴӣҪСסˡСצڴͰͰģóһ󶪣ͣһˤ˳ȥ
ʣʱнıȥδСһ¶˿ĵЦݣ﷢˺ǺǵЦ
˿ССӣΪЦ̫ģССļ΢΢öһСħжСʵһۡ
Ƭɭеĺʵ̫࣬һȺ׷ӵٶʵ̫죬һܵ˽صıԵԵĸӦǰԶһ޵ǿڵĲ
üѵľءǰ֪ʲô޵أҲ֪ƢôҪǺͽһ׵ľֱӹ˶޷ܣܸ뻢ڣԼɡ
ҪǲȥһֱȥҲǸ취׷ĽѾ״̬ҪǱץסֱӾܻعصĻˡ
˫Ѫķɱûͣ˼ͣ·һ޵ػһ˿ϣ˶һۣһᣬͬʱɢԪ˽ȥ
˻ͷһۣʱŵ亹ֱҿôҲˡǿ޲ǿҵȨʶôѵѡ
ͷˣͷƤ飬亹ֱˡΪͣģڶǰƬȽϺùͨǴʱùͨˣתͿܡ
һХǰ˹ϡ
˵ǰһǰһͨɫľǡ˵ǾӦΪż׸ߣýС֫ǿצĺâ˸
ʲô˼ΪδҵءȥȻݡҶʵˣ͵˫۶Ŵ϶ϡ
ȿһ£ʱĴһڣ˫Ѫ죬ûһ˿ӡҪɢĲϢûиı䣬Ƕһֱѻˡ˫ѪĴҲһͷתͷŭĶҶʼһ¡
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ûᣬҲûκεͣ٣ֱ㶵þҶʵ˳ˡ
ǵλôڴҶʵ˵м䣬ûϵôĲ£ײһͷһǰϻĳ򻮳һӡ
Ҷʼǿھ֪·ˣϣ˫ǻû뵽ôĲãһͱſˡҲתͷɱ


132 Ǳŭ
һˤ˵ϣվʳ˵е㷴ӳȫͱͻȻһ¸ˡ
ûм״̬ǳܵƬɭеϷǱĬӰ£ǱȽǵģûзҴص
쿴˫۸ĺ죬˻ûеһʱͷѾǸ˽ˣû뵱ȴһ
ǴԶݵĿհ׹ֱŭľ鰡ǳưǵű˵汻˰ֱһ㶼ѧ
ס壬ͷһϳһ£ɢŲĹԣ»ǵϣѪĽָ
嶼¹ɢŵԣǴʥһ
ѹһԾ˽춼צӰÿһգצӴĵĺ⣬˺ǰĴϺݺݵĻ˹ȥ
Ȼ˼ӦΪŭ˻ңıܷӦڣұŵʱӵݡ
ľϮǳ۾Ҳûпһתۣܿڱصõһͬʱ쵶һƬƵĹӰݺݵնĻצ
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˿ǵǰצ΢΢Ĳȫܿơצǰ˹ͺͺģķָ׶ˡ
ҿ̫ˣһͰǵצӸˣҪǵײ˸е˰սЩԾͿһݺ֫צԵУȻ塣˺ҪצӺݣʱۿǵһɱôıȥˡ
ﷳ꣬͵Ϯ֮ûʲôЧ˵ҪǶĿ㱻˽󣬾ǶҲʧһɱⶼҪҪһжСĶԼƵСˣӶˡ
ʱսһ仰ǻϽͣеҲסѿеӲͷҶʵˡ
ǻһɫĵ⣬ԽͬҶʼ˳ȥĴովȣһָֻ׵צӾҶʼ˹ȥ
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ĻľҶʼʵ̫˱ĳŪһͷ
ǵ˳У֫һ˿ڣ͵Ѫ֫ʱʱĳ鴤£ҺϣҶ
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˫Ҳ죬Ϣңϴ˿˿Ƶĵâɱ˽ŨѪְһѪɫ¡
Ѫɫ²ϵĲţѪ۳һֱ޴ѪצŴץȥ
Σգ屾ܷӳɫķԪɢ
ϡһѪɫצײ˴ᵲĳϣӦ˿ѿѪצ»Ѫס˴
ѪĻɫԪӴ죬ڽ˴ġ
ɫĳһѪ紵ɢˡ
ۼһδǵð˸ŨѪѾУһɫзӡһֻܺµǡ
ŨѪҵ䶯ɰǧѪɫצɳŴϵѹ
˫еѪɫݵȥƬ̵һ䣬ֳһƬӰһĹ𣬲ޱȣϢɢľʯľϢͱʵ÷顣
ղϵĺزϵĶƬĹǳɰǧѪɫצզײѪצڲϵıըձŤ˿˿绮
öԾҶʼܽ۵ģֻбһսನɨУҲҪΪˡ
СĽĺˣֱ˳һ԰ȫľ롣
ߣҶһϺȣתͷܡҶʴͷ˺ʱ֪ҶʵĴ㣬Ҳϻٵת˲ӡ


133 Ҫͱ
ǵ߲ܳǿһֱһǼӵĶǵ˷ŭҪⴿϵˡ
˫ѾɱۣѾڲƺĳɱˡȻۿȥ˵ܴһЩʲôĶҲžԵΣաһ˫ŭ֮£ôһƫˣ˾ͿǰΪˡ
ǶѾ˫ǵ˿Ҫ׵̸εס֮ǰǴҪҶʼ˴йͷ֮ޣʱһҪѼ˺̻
˻ûܳԶľ룬󲨶ϢͻȻǿܿһֻ޴ĽճײһͷѪɫľǡ
Ƿһ˳ȥдڵĿѪҲ飬˴ĽɫѪꡣ
Ҷʼ˶Ϊ˫ǳ׵ĽҪˣ˫ٵչѧķѱԴѸ޸塣ȻĬıһξ룬ż˷ɱ
ҿⶼԡĳ𰡣ôҶʷ˲Һ˴ôǳһëô
һжһëǵĻǱһëᷢŭǴŭ׷ɱҲͲᱻըûͷŲ·Ĵһء
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һʼоֻҶʼˣʱǲĿĲݡں;֮ոսµĳ˫Ĭʱܹһˣˡ
һԾضҶʼ˵ȥ·ǰצɨ˼ˡ
Ҷʶǰ׼Ӳ˵ʱһײ˾ǡһԶص˵ϡ
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Եһ㶣е㲻ǰ״΢һ˼˶ɫŹ֣Ҫǰѳ߶Ȱյúþ൱ƣܴȥҫ
ԵģѼ˵ҪĹ󣬶Ҫɱ˼йߡǼ˵ʵ̫СǾ˾ΪƣʵԲʹйľҪȰҶʼ˻ɱˡ
ǴҲҪԻɱҶʼˣǶҶʼ˵Ĺ䵱ƣԱĳֽѵǡһڴľ޷֣ΪľѹȥŭɳȻìܾͱˡ
ܰѾ͸ƭתļ˶˾Ҫڶ㲻ǰ״Ļ˶֪˶ٴˡ
൱ڼӵһűƣֻҪܰպеĳ߶ȣãȫޱȣױȵѾôĻ𱬣ôˣֻҪޣ˭Դż˲Żǿһŵġ
ǰǾԵĴ򲻹ǾпܻɱҶʼ˵ģӦΪܹϵķֻҶʼˡ
ֲÿţɴǸɱǺû˶ֵǣƣڳרԼˣ˭Ҳܲˡ
Ȼ󻬻һĻͳˣۿ·ʱпܱɱʱҶʼתܣ˰ǹϵ˦˴ðʵԵŭ嵽ǰס˼˵ȥ·
̫ץĵʱ򣬴׼ʱĳ˳䵱ȻԱײǾһƣӦ
Ҷʼ˾ͳô˻úõϢһڵԪȻۿѵֳݡڿǿҪ˵ʱ򣬼תܣϵǸҶʼ˳˹ȻֱһٵǸӵķŭֽضҶʼ˵ȥ·
˵ķһѭ
ȥԲǰ취ѭ֮󣬾ԵԽԽȻûҪȥ綼ᱻŪ
һ󵨵ķ뷨ҶʵгˣңĻˮѵҵλսӵ¡
ϢʱҶʰе뷨˵˳һ򵨴ԳǻҶʵһӵڶˡŵôģСҶӣ˰ɡѾǹͷ۵ˣҪǳһ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
㿴ҲҪˣȥǳ綼ҪʱһǴĶ֡ûʱķй˫Ѿһ˿ɫôѹԼ롣Ҷѭѭգǰʽ
ǣǡüͷ壬ûס
ˣǿǾǶ³һˣҪһյʱ϶ƨڼܣǾ»᲻ɵ˰ĸ׷ǵǹʹҶƨɣһҩ


134 ƴ
˿۱˵ǹʹǣȻ³ѪУЩ顣ҪǲܵĻҲһǾͻҪǼ˵ĻǾСܵв£˵ĻϵķˡʱǴ׷ɱҶʼˡ
ٿԽսԽ£˫۵ĺѾ䵭ˣЩĽɫˣҪǳ׵˹뵽ղŷһпֱܻһ޲ĹͰѼ˻˰ɡ
ƴˣվ壬ҧгݵĶǽ
ǰԶҸеһǿϢǿǱܡҶʶ༸񣬵¿˵
ҿСҶӣ㲻綼ӦˣȻɡ˶ˣҶŲæӣ϶ѾˣŹİѼѼ˶Ҷʵ˼·ϡ
ܣĴȺҪδ֪Ŀ־뵣ǣһ˲ӳǰ
ʱ󷽵Ľ˫쵶Ϣпսǵͷϡ
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ȻѾпǵͷƤĴͻȻתɱȥˣǼѵתӣԭҶʼܿˡͷȵҺ£ģ˫ۡǺҵĲ˲˫ۣȻͷ򣬵Ѫζ̼ζ٣ԭԼѪ
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һʱıϰڵϱܵٶԵһءɫӰ֮һ˳Ľ⡣
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˫Ѿ˽ɫЩǡҳԹӵĿеĴŵĽɫתʱĻȫûκá
ҶʣСƽʱҲǺƴˣסºһҩҲġĬƬ̣ͻȻˡǰδе棬ҶʶЩϰߡ
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ʵոʧҶʾ͸е˼ͷǿᵽ˼µԪһ˿˵ѹȸС
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צû±ԲаҶʳԾޱȡ
ϽɫѪҺƯڿУʵһ붼ѪҺС廹壬ѪҺԴȪڣʱٷųԼһѪҺײãǿƶʱȥճСʶˡ
ˣҶСӣ˴ӦҵҩӲ֪ҪٵҩܲˡʵϢʮֵ΢˵
ȥһȣϽɫѪҺȫȼһޱȵϽɫѪ۳ΡѪһŰ˶˽ȥȻٵǰ˳ȥٶȿ쵽˼£ֻһϽɫĹӰ
צİôõİ취ôһʩչأһ㶣Ȼϲޱȵ˵ٶȶҪϽȫˡ
һһ˵ڵĴϢš
ЦЦģ档ղҲûע⵽ʲôһӣҲ֪ղһʱȻ˾޴Ĵۡ


135 ׻ŭδë
ʷ˷ۣƽʱϲĺܶȤȱȱˣο˴λˣҪƽʱһβͶҪˡ
ȫԼˣʲôæﲻϵˡ˵һ䣬Ȼֱӱ˫ۣ˳˯֮С
˵Ѫɫٶȿ쵽˼£ѪѸٵı䵭ҵȼţż˻һѪɫ⣬˲Ϣͳǧ׵ľ룬һͷһͷ޵أȻ󳹵׵ȼմʧõβʣˡ
һƬ޵زŰȫˣ෴ʱȴΣյʱ˵ͻύ
ǳէ֪ƬصͳʲôƢʲô嶼֪Ū˽ĲԦѪɫĹһͷ˽ᱻͳߵǾԵơ
˶ûпǵô࣬˵˴˿̿˵Ǽ˹ôģĿľΪ˴ޣȻûа취ʩչĲ衣
Ȼôҡڵĳ˽һʱ侪˴˴ޡҪôԵƶԷĻҶʶˡ
һ׿˼µϢڿٵĽӽʹȱ˷ϢͬʱϮϢˣԵһ
˻ĴҲٵĸȻûпؼ١ΪҶʼ˼ٺ󣬴ҲļӿһЩٶȣ廯һ⣬ٵñţѾ˲Զˡ
ǰϢӽˣ׿֮ޱܴŴض΢΢Ĳ
ٽˣײǰľ¶ݡһֻ޴ϻͨɫͷһĺ֣ϻһЩơ
ԭһֻ׻ѹɢϢİԵ׿֮ƺȷʵҪԵϢ䡣׻ϵĺɫƸۣǻʣĪĵת
׻Ķˣ˫еĹâʮֵɻʵûпһȺɢƵǿߡǰʵʵڵĸӦĿֲڴ˴ʧ˵ģð׻Ϊʲô켶Ĵ
벻˰׻ԵĲȥ룬ǰһȺСʵǰۣñԼײˣ׻⶯һư
צ̧Ϣת׻İצ˺գҶʼ˹ޱȵ⣬ϼֻӬƵá
ڣȻԱ׼ʱĸеˣһɫĹӰײͬתڷ֮Ļצϡ
ÿͷóһǰó͵ϮٶԶԶսԶԶĴԵġ
ǰİ׻һһ׺治ŵġǿʵεʤۻġ
ȻҲһķ֮ǵǿĳ̶ȣǰ׻Ҫʤһܼؼٺܺõϣֲ˲ֵĲ㡣
׻һķ˳ȥײ˲ٵĹľ׻ҲǱͻȻĴײһ
׻ѸٵԴ˲ĿհסʲôʾһûǿߵƷɽԼȻʧˡʱȻԼأĹԼѵ˵ǰǹϢǽԼԼΡ
׻һĻŴ˹ȥոձķɣոĴֱ˶İ׻˵ϡ
׻һֻǰצŴ壬һֻצŴԴһٵĿȡ
ɫѪҺͬɫʵëϵ׷ɣҲôǲһǿȻŹ˰ɡ
ͷĻûлԹȥǱĵ˹
һ̶̶ţŨĽɢΧһ˲Ϣ˷ĩѹϵİ׻һͣ˰С
׻أ¡СһԼŰŵĴͻȻת˹Ҫǰ׻ҲӦ٣˵ˡ
ָĽƬ̵㯣ݵĻ֮˸ղŷ֣ը˷Ρ峺˫۲ֱͨ죬˼ﲻϵ߶侲侲
˱ŭ֮µԼովȻҶʼ˸ˣˣһ֮µĴֵ˺üëҶʼһЦ
ոհ׻Ѵڵϣֵĵط̫ˡŴԴһٵջצӵʱ˳·ڴĲ˺
Ȼ˵ûиʲôʵԵ˺ëǰ˲١
ڷſеĴԴϹͺͺģҲǹͺͺģƫƫڳһϵģ⸱ģôôĻЦ


136 
ʮֵ֣װ׻ǼСĴΪʲôԼЦôĿġ
һ΢紵оͷ쬵ģҲ쬵ģǴδйĸоŤת˳ͷȻڲӴȻͷ˺üڲ˺ü
ȷһ飬ǾԼͺˣҲ¶˳֮ǰ׻ڵϣ׻ֵһͻȻʲô
׻ʲô˼˴̶ļУǴ𴲷ֱѵĹӡ
ʲô˼ԼܵҵأϮңǹô׻ҪԼǴЦôҲ಻
һͻȻԼ׷ҶʼˣѾˡʱǰ׻˵ԼµġǳôĿôˡ
ϻ˵ҵëôˣ⼸ҪߡҲֲôˣһָҶʼˡ
ҶʼᶼЦˣĻдĪ壬ûз׻ЦǾúԼҲЩԿ˴ëԼĵˡ
Цҿǻûȫ״㼸¡ҵĵ̣Ҵҵأ֡Ҷû˵ʲôͿʼָֻĶײ׻ϵЦݡƢٺöôƣοǰԵ˹İ׻
㲻ӦЩΪ
ϻӦôҿҲһˡ׻Ѿ޿ˣһԲеĴƣ׻Ѿˡ
ɫë΢΢ɶǻ˹ڿն˰׻塣һǴʶն졣
׻ʵ̫ͻȻˣסˡ
ϷƣشԻɣһС
ܳһڵŻϢơһͷӰŻͷĴһ̤رɫ񷶼Ϊ֮˺գűס˵Ĵɱȥ
׻㡭־ŭû뵽׻һԲϾֱɱ֣Ĺȫûиκεء
Ҷʼ˿ĴģǰӶԴ˵ģûиκεĽ͵ĻᣬֱӾҪ˺˼ˡڿһԲϣ׻Դϵĳ֣˶һڶ泩
ɢŨĽ⣬һâɨײúɫ졣Ǻڻһּɣûôױ𻵣ҵҡͲж˴Ĵ
˫˿ľðһ޴ʵĻ
һͷĴ˫죬ɫ˫͸¶ðϡ죬˫צ֮Ÿʬ壬ŰŲŴħ
ͼһ־ֱӱĴϣͼеӰȻ󻭾еĴ˹ʵеĴֲˣӰҲԻ˴Χħ·ʵİš
˫Ძ죬뻢ͷӰսһ
ַضղϵ顣
ϰٻغ֮սռϷĴץסһᣬ˫צץסһ˺˿С仯˿˿ƵĺɫȻɢڿС
һ֮ĴԽսԽ£ѹ֮ȫſֽţӲ˵Ĺ˫âİΧĶնС
ݵĴûԴĿˣ֪ǰͷ׻Ŀ¡Ȿڱ˵ĵϣе˵ȥҾֱҶʼˡ
նе⼸ҴˡǺڡ䣬ԭصӰʧˣٶȿ쵽˼ºµʵӰ
׻һԾצավһ޴ı˳¶ʵ塣
ǴٶȲ죬¼ٲϹġҲǰ׻ٶȹ죬ܿͲֻ½ϵĻˡΪҶʼð׻̾ڰ׻ĺ֫ı£ѷɫļ١
Ҷʼ˾һ亹ϵĵˣҪǰ׻ôһ룬˾ͱץסˣ
׻ĵҪҶŸˣ˫͸¶ĵĺâ̹ǡ
ë㵱Ϊˡҵô㣬δҲ̫ˣһ㶼ûаҷа׻Ҳ˫еŭȼա


137 ִ
㣬λᣬڰҪ˸ңǵһʹȻûꡣǿѹסŭ
ҲٸһλᣬϸҵǸȻٹȥȻݡ׻Ҳ¶⣬һһٵ˵һ˵ʱƿ׼ըס
ȻҲûʲô˵ˡ⼸ҽҪˣֵ¼¡ֳһƬŰ׻ɱȥͬʱŤҶʼˡ
Ŷ⼸ҽͱˡ׻Ųæһ𣬺˳Ƭ𽣡
ͷ޾Ҷʼ˵ǰսչѧƬ̾ͽʮС
սԵļǴ˿еһҶСۣսನ߸ߵص¡ҪҶǵ˼˵ǰ¾ᱻصˡ
ʲô˵ҪǾһҪһСˣʳô˸ոأԾеĻʹ˳
Ҫ顣ҪסԼҶʼߣе˻š
飬һ㡣ģôôҧҡ׻༥ҪŸɡ
Ǿʹ˱ڡ˶һۣŽսе΢΢֡
˰ңҺǿƹ˵ĴһǿƣǸ߸ϵ̬׵˰׻Ĳð׻Ȼ˶֪ô
˻񣬼ѹ϶һ̧žܡ
Ⱥ쵰վסɱǡ˱ߴҶʼܵķƶ
ɵƲŻվɱ浱ﶼһԴż˰׻ͰǿŶҶͷҲᣬӿٶȣһ仰ú󷽵ĴըΡ
СӶҵθڣ֮ǰΪҲˬҹŸɲűǡҸɱǡĴЦ˹
˵ˣΪ֪˵ʲôûá˵ᱻԷץסԼе©˵ЩԼץĻ
İսǣҶʼķ
׻ֵٶ죬Ȼ˴ڹżСӵķƶ׻Ҳûа취ֻǿĸ˴ٶȣצʩӸѹ
󷽽սеҶʼ˵ķȻƶ죬ǼҲʼ޷ѵǡ
һӴ󵨵뷨ҶʵȻͿҰѿ
ҶˣҪ𣬻Ҫ֮֡ǰûа취ģ˵Ǿһһòײһͷ׻Ÿɡȥ˭Ҳ˵ֱӾˣСŰˡ
ģҶеǷ뷨ð֮ȻôѹƲסͰе뷨˱еļˣҶ˵ģΣ֮ǰİ취ִ󡣡
ҿҶʵİ취СһֱʵͽͻȻˣ˵ĻͲϵĿ϶֪˵Щʲôˡ
ˣǶˡֱĪ֪˵ʲôˡ
ȷʵҲ˦ҪȥɭֵǸߴʯĵطһ·Ҫ޵ءڰ˴ǻûкܺõİ취ȥսݵ˼ҲͬҶʵ顣
Ǿһ·мܡȺİ׻ǣڿͬ׵ַԼ֮ЩȰ޵ҪĹĿꡣǿƺ֮ľ룬ӦûΣաͬԼ飬ҶʰԼĿ˵˳
ƴˡҶ˵ĶغսͬˡҲһᣬͷӦҶʵ顣
Ҷʴͷȷһ·򣬲κεԥͷǰ˹ȥ
ͷڴ֮£ҲŸı˷򣬾Ҷʼ˵ķ˹
һıԶǰڴ޵ѹȺεļȷһͷ޵ɡһһȻȻȻĳ˽ȥ
ŤһͷԵ΢ͣ٣ȻҲȻŤų˽
ǴҶʼ˽һͷ޵أƬ̵ĳɣȻһľ͸ȥ׻˵ǲıģ첻µزµӣҲų˽ȥ
˳ȥƬ̵ͣ٣úŤͷ޿ٵĸϡ
ͨԳʶͷߵľ춯ڹľԾţѸٸϵصıԵþͿҶʼˣҪ˳ʰҶʼ˵ʱһֻһͷ׻Ťų˽ԳϵҶʼˣŤһĴͰ׻Ҫͷ޸ϳԼء


138 ɭִ
ͨͨԳս죬ֳһӣһܴ֮Ʋ񷡣
ԳһŽսеͷͬʱ˹ȥ
նˣױȵľЮźϮ׻ϵͬʱֿ֣ͬǴʷһ
һҵɻͨԳС׻ǰצ΢΢ĲĳҲܿƵСȵҡΡղֺİ׻ϵźһǣĳҲͬһʱնϡ
Ķƴ֮£ͨԳһж·硣ջԳֳսͰ׻Ť
ĿȷսԳļ¶ʱû׻ıסӦһֱҪѰ׻ľڳȥ˺Ҷʼˡô׷Ť֮£ܱΣԭûҪ˫ҲЩĻ
Գʱĺһţó渴Գͬʱ˫֣Ͱ׻ͷǳĬͬʱֱ֣ƿԳȻֹϺŶԷ֡Գֻеһ֣һҲϵ֣ڹؼʱ򻹻ְһ¡
ԳҲŭ鶯˫תͣ˫͸¶Ź龫֡׼˰׻ʹԳֱսлˮÿζȫһǾԲͬһΡ
ݺݵһӳ˰׻ð׻岻ϲڴɫ΢ʱȫһӳ˴ϡ׻ָ˹һӲ飬ϽĳʱԳתӣһӳ˰׻ϡ
޲ϵĺУҺϡ
ôһֻԳҲǴͰ׻ùȻҲҶʼȽϺá֮ǰڵɿƵķչû뵽һôϲҵԳֱǼ˶Ļ׳棬̫˽⼸˵Ҫˡ
ҶʼҲǳһͺðˡ
һɫͬʱ˲ӣɭֵ˹ȥ
ҵķϵİ˰׻ɱԳʱʱľɫ˺գҶʼɱ˹ȥ
Գϵķ˶԰׻ľһӳմҵıУ˳
ֻսˣŰ׻ԳҶʼ˵׷ϡȻһֻԳңǼͷƶٶȲû˿ļΪŰ׻Գϵʱ򣬾;Ҷʼ˵ķһء
Ҷʼ˶ʲôܲˣʼձһľ룬ڿ̫Ҳϵ̫Զú󷽵ľȻԱæͻ
һ·Ⱥ󴩹أһж󷽵ļͷȻǾЩԾӲͷƤ˼أҽսĶҲ˲٣Ҳû˹ⷽˡ
һո˵󣬵ڶǾһ㹻Ķ࣬㹻ǿʵһ㣬̫ˣûʱˡһʼǴֵģֻҪϽսУɲˡ
Ҳ֪Ĵ˶ٸˣʱҶŵޱȻǿġȻǱҶʼ˿£Ӵ֮󣬺γ˹ԣһȺޱߴҶʼŲ
󷽰׻˻𣬴ԳХɻ˺졣յףǺһſ£Χŵ߲д
Ҷʼ˶ԶԶˣȫȺŪսನʵ̫ˣɢķΧ̫ˡ
һɨƬĹľֱӻɻҡڵ£رΪһ죬عѣʯơ
鷢չزΪһеߵļ˶ЩɵˡǴžʹôͬأôֻޣȻ˾Ͱȫĵɭֵˡ
û뵽ƿɭ֣ʵϸӵĿ㡣û뵽Ƭɭֱּ޵ôǿĴڣ綼˵޴˵Ҳ洦ɼû뵽ȺôĲôıôĺսҶҪ˵һ仰ܽǾǣϲ
󷽵ȺȺԱʵ̫ҵˣʵ̫ݳˣҶҶݶҪ˾ʹﵽԤڵЧǸá
ȺսֳĶʵ̫ˣɭӦöѾܹӦˣÿһˡҶʼ˴·ȥЩԼ͸ˣҶǰ·ϵ޶˷˹
սϯɭֵÿһ䣬Ҷʼĵڶͷޣĳ˵ȻȻҲӦˡȻû֤ʵǿҵԤУһǰǼŪġԴޱȵңԼȼ֮ȻǲоԼһˡ


139 
߽׵޶Ѱļսšͽ׵޶սϢŵԶԶĲҳǰ·տˣûκε
ԭΣصɭڶҶʼ˵ޱȵİȫ˶ӿ˽Ų˳ȥ˶ʮ㡣
ҹ̣߲ݵ졣ڼ˾ͳԵҩԪġһֱ۷״̬ҩ汸ԵĹܡ
ǰľ޴ʯѾܹɼˣߴޱƶˣֻܿظµĲ֡
ǰ˴·̣ʯȫ˵ǰͶŵôģһö
ǰһԲ׵ĵȺûǵȺ֮һʼֻǸƵľ޴Ϊ̫ߴˣĵҲ׸ߵǺһȾͺ֥ԶʯȫľסˣҪֲܹü
еĸߴ񣬿Ӧһࡣϵսףܲ򵥶ִĻơһ޴ʯֱﵽʣ˫صڽϣظ֮ûƲ㿴ˣüЩź
˾е֮⣬Χ˵ȽϰСʯͰǧˡ죬ȫڵءؼĤǾе
㱼伸ǰһ棬һλغɲµͨ⣬ɸͷ̧ضڶҡ޽ǳڲʱϿµĴܲѪܡؼ鶼ڵأϵΪͻȻµˣһ˲ն졣ʹʧûгֹ
˶ֱʹȾϢᡣҶʣȫᵽʱ־һУֻΪһ˿ϣǵϣʲôҶȫ˵ֵĵطȴ޴ӻ䡣
ǸոտûУǲ干鶼ҪǺӶҪЩ۸ڶţĸֶǲ˰ˣһԸղŻ㱼俴ޱȵƳޱȵĳݡ
ѵõûпڷһͬĵ˵ͷ
ǿȥĴµĶ϶ʹǰָ׵ָ׼붼Ǳһ·ջüлǱȽϵضˣ˫ðСǵöǸߴ
ʱҪ˸ߴһضԥĳȥĴߣһСҲǲġ
ҶһĹͷս˾ͳ˽ȥȻͿ߳ʮ׵ӣƽĺϰ·߹հ˹յģع˳
ҶӣСٶȿ찡Ǳܵģôܵǵǰˡһɻ
غսҲе㲻״ȷʵǱҶȳȥģһˣۿҪӽҶȴͻȻ˼˵ǰ
Ǳˣݵ̫ˡҶЦ˵ôһȦתѵǹϷŪԼġ
ʲô԰ôҶʵû񣬺ողżӡضҶʿ˰죬ͻȻֲԾˡ
ûݣǽȥʮȻȦ˳һֵĸоûУҶɻˣʵͽعؼʱǲῪЦġ
ܣֱķߵģʲôȦӡһĿ϶α
սû˵תһ£ȻʯȺڵԼվڸղŽʯȺڣǶȷһģһġ
˶˵ˣҲ˲Ծĵطüͷϸ£ղȷʵֱߵģôڲ֪תһȦ
ȥԣǾ濴ţʲôʱһѡսɻҪȷһ¡
˵գս̧˹ȥͬʱתڵԪԷ⡣
֮ǰһսһ·ͨ裬ûʲôΣգ߳˴ʮȻȻľ͹һ䣬Ȼԭ·ˡ
֣һλ˵Ǳδ֪Ĵˡ׼һֱСĵĸӦΧûκεԪҲûʲôƸ֣һֱֱߵġǰļˣս֪Լ˳ûеȼѯʣԼѸղŵĸ˵˳
ǰʲô󣬵ʱĥʧˡڵʱԶʧǰѾֵڽգڽΧСҶҲǼʶˣ˵Լжϣסˡ
һ仰û˵̻Ļ죬Ҫǿ̻ʲôɱ󣬿¼˶Ѿˡ


140 ·
ڼ˼ʱ䣬صĺԶлž޴ıлЩ޺
˱ɫԴˡǰ޴սһţ˳ô˻ٶ˼£ԶԶİȺ˦һء
Ϊⲻ֪ǰǼ˵֮ˣЩĽ֮Ҳķϵòˣܹ׵ȥȻ̽
û뵽ǣȻ˵˦ȺռƻҲ˳ǰû뵽ǣ˱޹ЧĻסˣ˼⡣
ֻ˵ǼֻԼ뷨뿼ȥˣһʼͺҪĶ
ҶʼǸսõģƬռеޣ֪ƬɭжôˡǺúõֻֿܡһΧĽƣûнȥİ취ˡڶ־ǣޱȵĿ£޸ͲҴͷ
ǿٵĽӽԭѾɱ۵ٽʯȺʱ˹ǰݵľ˲ֹסˣе޶ͬʱֹסԪĲת΢¾ʲô
޵쳣ҶʼҲˣޱȵĳԾʲôЩ͵޴ʱһֱ˳Сè
֮ǰҪֱӳȥ뷨ȫһ亹˵ֻʯȺʲô˵ĺ£Ȼ֪
ȥȻ𡣵ʱ˭ҲȲǡзһֱɻˣͨɫ쳣ʱȰҶʼˣö
ɫĹӰһһֻ죬ϵë˴룬ʱͣɻ˵ԿһֱˮĲݼޱȵĻ
Ҫ뿪ֱΣһҪɱǡ˺⣬ѹɤڵͺҶʼη塣
һʲôԭԭֻûëĲݼ׷ɱ⼸࣬ŭ˰׻㴳ҵĵ̡Ҳͬӵģ⼸ȫ뿪ͨԳǸ״ȻҶʼҲûʲôøУɻһӣ˳Ӧһ´Ƿǳ˵ġ
ô˵ΪֻͺĴ׷ɱȺ࣬Ȼô¡ҿ˫ʲôöһˡŤ壬ɺţ˵ĻôҶһȺ˶巢
ڶһξ룬±һȺ͵ϮȻԸԸʱûпΪܹԶԿһȺͬޡЩǳصģɱгģŷḻս顣
еķΧʱͽһȺ޶ĦȭƣԾԾԵġ
ɻ˳ɵҶʼ˵ͷϷʯȺͨԳһһԾҶʼǰҶʼһЦͬʱҲżͷƽʱɻ˱ȽҪõҲضվҶһߡ
Ȼײϵٵޣǧǧ֣ЩζͶվһ
ʣµһɾΪ׵ģ˫ϷŹġ
ʱԣս˱㡣ȻǵĿסûֳ̫Ķһ΢΢еһɣʱܹɱһ
ɻÿҴߣʹ˽ҹǷһ顣Ϊ˫͸¶ŵ⡣ãɻ˰Ҷʼ˽
Уȶ˵ˣֻҪ˿Ҿͱȥɻҡҡͷᶨ
ιιι浱ǲڰǶ˵ˣ˫һߣҿǶһԲˣǶ֡ɭֿˡ
ֻ߾ԵǿµڶΪסʱڣһȺ޵
棬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ˫Ŀŭ
̫ҪΪȺ飬ֳôĶµǣȺ˳һŷֲʱ򣬲˽ȥȥĶӦ֪İɡģԾĵ
ߵĻճڣһͣʲôĿ־ĿǸߴһۡǴе޶һɧңǿɻҲƬ̵쳣
˰޵ĶԻС϶գȻûƶڰһȺ첻µزµ޸
ߵĻҲЩ̫ܣҶʼ˵ҲҪǡɻǵıǵ˵ռơɻ˼Ҫȫ˵Ļ϶ᱻΧʱѱ£ɻߵĻ᲻ȫǻ˵


141 
¿˵Ҷʼ˱ľ棬ֳĳɻһڣöԼ˻˵ɻ˿ҪҶʣһɻ˵ޱȻ޵Χ֮С
֮ͬôͬǿΧûĿܵģΣյ£ֻҪԴûл˭ðűɱΣհＸûʲôˡ
ԶҶʼ˵ɻ˼ͷ޲ףֻȷǲԼ˳־ˡ
ǰлޣԶһڵȴɱ޵ʯǰǱľ棬壬˵ôһߵöܹʯ춯¼ͷ޵汳
ôɻˣʶʱΪܡǻҪ⼸ǺɵôɭöɻһڣɺǣЩԾԾԵĳ嶯
⻰һڣһ޶΢춯˫Ŀ͸¶Ų̵ɱ⣬ֻҪһԲϾͻϵĳ֡
ɱгɳޣҪָжô綼ǵĶˡ
ڳĿԻֳĸȺ壬ɻΪҶʼ˵һõҪɱҶʼ˵һȺ壬Ϊ׵ҪɱǵʣµıܸһȺ塣
һȺ޸ϵޱϾ˵ɻߵ١Ժսײеԭһġ
ɻȻǲɵֳʲ񲻶ϱ任֮ɻ˿ˣ˵Ҫǣʱǲܵġ߶Ť壬׼˻ʱɻпˣ˳
ɻľȻתͷˣ֮ǰɻΪ׵΢һ֮ͣѸԾս룬ʼնûпҶʼһۣҶʼûκεĹϵ
ͨԳԭأҶʼգգ۾
ŶԳĪҪԱȺࡣг˼Цһ˳ֽһֻ۵ĺӡ
ͨԳҲգһЦûûûôأǼǼҿֵġ
ͨԳ˵˿֣˿ֵ׼һԾսһøߴĹľϣֱһƨһִϣȤĶлޡ
Ҷʼĳ˹ȵףĵڳˡΣյʱûʲôɻ˵ôƴһʼϵʵʵڵķʱ򣬼˻ɫЩѿ
ԳҲˣ¶˲̵Цݡ
һŤԭһβһ˳ȥ飬ߵβʹһĲӰҶʼˣҪһβɰѼ˶ʯȺǰ
һ죬ڼ䲻ݷսɫĳǽɣնߵβϡ
ߵβͣβЩһ׺⻹Ǵ˵ĽȻǲܰߵβϣҲ¸˿ڡ
ôҪôһҵ顣˱Ͳ۾ɢǿҵΣϢ
ҸӣЩҴߡ˵ҪɱǡҲǿӲû
˵ҪɱǣЦҸҲ˵ˣ˫һҪˡԭʰЩû뵽ôеľͳ˽ȻôļǾһ·ɡ˵ڵ¡
棬㻹ġΪ㲻ɣҪ֪Ϳ㣬ҪұƼˡҲ𣬲ǰΪ˾ݻҪҶʼ˴뿪
һֱŴôĿŶԷԼǰôˣһڵŸƣ赲ס˳Ҷʼ˵Ĵ
ǰûа취ôˣҶʼ˽ɫ˶зݣ˫͸¶׹⣬תʯгȥ
ԭԵĴ߶һ㶣û뵽ôղŶѾʯΣޱȣ˻ǳ˽ȥ
޶ʲô˽˶ԹʱķſˡĶ˾鷳ˣ˵С
ǶǱȽϷģһʯԣȥ˻᲻֪ԭ·ءȻҲΪĿԿǿܡޱȵΣգᱻΪԽߴԽֲĻܺɨһĶڡ
ֻҪĵȴȴҶʼԭ·תȻǳһɲǾͰǸɱȻŽԵĶԹ
һʯеʧˣҶʴͷǰ棬Ϊ֮ǰؼѾҶʯҲ֪᲻׵ĺ޸оԭ·ء
Ҫת˳ȥɾ·һҶɢ˹˵ʶСĸӦΧһС


142 ʯ
ʶɢСĶĸӦΧһУͼһЩصĲ
ΪԲ׼ҶǰñȽϻҶʶͷ˿ϸܲΧ׵ÿһռ䡣
һֱǰ˴ʮףǰ߳ļޡ֮ǰһ𣬻Ǻսһˣʱֲ֪ԭ·ˡ
ҶʵʶӦУûз˿쳣
ҲɫЩףʱȫ֪ǰԭ·ķأ˶Щ־壬ԽҪͲ֪һǿԿ϶ģҪǼ˶ԭ·˳ȥô϶һ¶ͷ˵ġ
Ҷͣãһֱڷ̽ΧȷûʲôҶʲŴͷٴ˲ӡ
μǰøӵĻÿ߰벽ҪҶʷʶӦãǰʮԶľ롣
ͻȻҶʶסˣͷðϸܵ亹֮ǰΪԼΧÿһռĲʶѹһķΧһ·ûз쳣Ҷɻ
ӦΪ̫˳ˣҶʲɻޱȡ֮ǰҲ˵ʲô쳣ûУԼӦҲʲô쳣ûС
Ҷ˸ۣԼʶܹɢģƼ˵ıѹ˺СķΧڡ
ⶼ֮ǰת۵ʮԶˣҶʰʶɢӦ޵ĲϢϢޱȵңǺܶϢںһγɵġʹ΢Ҳû˻ԸոֳϢֱ治ġ
û޵΢ϢһȺϢĽ塣Ϊʯԭ򲨶ЩСҶʾʵʵڵĸӦˡ
ͣ¡Ҷʴȣס˽Ҷʵļˡ
ʲôҲӦ쳣Ҷʵķ֮󾪴ˡ
Ҷʵʶڳ˵ǿ󣬺Ҷ˻Ѿõļ׵ġڼһĲûиӦҶʾ͸ӦǰԶȺˡ
ʶҶҲûзʯе֮Ǳ󵼵ԭ·ˡ
ѵĹȥô˶ЩżЩɥЩҪǳȥ˾·һû˻Ȼźõġ
𼱣ԡҶͻȻԼܹͨЩǿĽƣ侲Ķż˵
ȫԪĵһɫС̫ܵ˺ܴѹΧ׵ķΧڶյĽӲӵһƬԶԶĲ֮ǰʶ̽ķΧһģͷֲʲô쳣
ҶüӿԪתٶȡԪڣ
˭Ҳûз֣ҶüһϸСĽ⣬ҶɢĽɫԪУˮ齻ڲֱ˴ˣҶʶûз쳣
͸ɫԪҫǰȻǰԶһȺ޾ʯıԵȴ˵ĳȥ˫Ŀж͸¶ʵԵɱ⣬Ҷʼ˵һ
ҶʼתȷһжеʯڻƶʯͨҲڲϵı任Ҳ֮ǰ˲֪һͷͱȥ˵Եʡ
Ҷӣаİǰ·ɼһ
Ҷʼ˼ǰˣʯ޶Ҫץˣһ
ʲôܣôģ
ûΪôܿģ
ãǽȥ뻹ʯȺ춯ҪǸ鷳ʹˡ
Ƕɫˣû취ƽҪǸ˳ڳĶҪȫ
ҲɫеĹâΣպ޺޵öҶʼһۣתһɫͷҲصĳԶûյĴݣ
˴ĴͷҲ춯޵ڿն𣬷Զٶȿ쵽˼¡
ʣµ޶ٶȿ춯ݵȨΣתˡ
ԭֵĳԵֻ˲ܷɣֲҲݵԭתޱȵļꡣ
Ҷʼ˲ٹעҶʴͷᶨǸߴʯ˹ȥ
ߵǰλãȻжϵһһߴʯϢڼ˵ǰۼסǰȥ·ͨһԡ
СʯƶƳʯ³Ĺ·ǰǰ
ΪʲôΣջʲô쳣ǳ˵ԤϵǣȻʯʯԶĶסȥ·һƿʯߣʯȴȫ˿Ķˡ
˶ʯ˺ܾãȷ⼸ʯ񲻻ͻȻıѣһȥ
Ȼûпǣڼתʯǻ˹ýӲޱȵḻı鸡֡


143 ʯ񸴻
У洳ˡҶʼ˾Ȼܿʯ񣬼ȥˣǸӲˡ
ûǼǰˡһȺС֪ܲʲô취ȻͻΧķ
õģʯȺҲ򵥣ѵôʲô˽ȥȺʯ񶼻ǿΪĿ꣬ȫȽ׵Ĵڡûа취ԿôȽǿߵġ
ȻʯȺҲ򵥣˭֪ǻ᲻ʲôİ취ϡ
ûֹǡȺĻ쵰ˡѵˣǸǻϯɭֵôֻҪɭжȫ
ȻҲȫٱǰȫȺģǳô鷳ȻǼ򵥡
ˣˡ취ǰ鷳Ƚȥƴˡ

Ҷʼ˲֪ոתʯôḻı顣Ҳ֪ƿʯʯȺôҵķӳӲ֪Ⱥ޿еǸŶôĿֲ
ʱ֪ҸģҶʼ˾鲻Ƴȥı档˶̽ȥ
˵Ҳֻ֣иոսӽʯȺʱ򣬲ʯ춯ֵĽ֮Ϊ֮ǰ쳣˶ĹעΧܲʯ񣬵ǶûзЩʯһ˿һƶ
߹ĵطʯһһĻ˹΢΢ĹŹŹֵЦݣҶʼһֱûзֵġ
ͻȻҶʻתͷһɱ⴫˹ĿֱָҶʼˡ
һͷƤëڷŽɫԲߵıӳ˽
ⱪô˽ˡǲǶʯޱȵηôôˡҲ쳣һϸܵļƤתͿһͷڵµıӡ
ãֻһֻ޽ˡԪûɢӦھʲôҶʸӦ£޻棬ʯоֻôһֻޡ
Ҷȡ˴ꪣ༸Ҳȡ䱸öųĺڱڱҶԪĻ˻һսġ
ȻֲҶʼ˳֣ĺڱѾ鷳
赲Ҷʼûκε춯ʯ񶼸ˣڱļʯ񶼶ޱȵĿһ仯ģҶʼ˶ΪݵԳ
ҶϸϸĴȻ˸ӳԾˡ˺ڱʯȫڱʵ뵱켶Ϊ
ղžʯȺдУ߳ôԶľ롣Ҷʺ󱳶ʪ͸ˣйŹֵĸоǴͷβһ˫۾ڶż˵һһƵá
Ҷʼ˶룬Ǳߵսˡ
ͬʯΧκڱΪͨҲܡʯͷ̶ɵ壬϶Ⱥڱռơ
ʯֻŵءֶŴ׳ǰצ󿪴ϣһצһצźڱȥ
ڱȻûɢԪȫԪĵڱƤ֮´̼ǱܡóϵĶԾĺڱȴΪڼʯΧͬʱʯĹҲ
ʯǵ˫צϵĻӶղϵΧÿһռ䡣ѺڱѹһСķΧڡ
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Ҷʼ˶һݣΧǧʯΧڱֻǼ֮һôʯ񣬾ͰҶʼǸ߲ʵ켶޸ɱˡҪȫ渴ˣʲôҪǶԼ˳ˣлĻô
ڱոձ򱬣мͷһͬ˽
ϻմȾźڱѪļʯִ󲽵óޣͬʱΧиʯӹվ塣ޣ壬һͬ㣬Щ߳ȥʯ켶Ϊ
սʼĿ죬ø졣һȺ켶ʯ˼ͷ켶ޣͷ޲Һûзֱӱˡ
ʺѪҺӨ׵ԽɵĵǡԭƽʯȺһ˿ɱϢһƬɱ
ɱ޵ʯתסҶʼˣֹǲǴʯǶ΢΢𣬹ϷʵЦݡ
춯Ҷתһꪳ˹ȥһ죬һߴʯҶʵľ˳ȥҵԶʯ
ʱ¡¡ǰļʯ̤Ҷʼˣضڶ
һǣϢ𽥵ļ󱣳׵Ϊ
ˣдʯӦǸݴߵʵģҺֻͬ׵Ϊûа취ʹԪΪ֮ǰʯ񼸴γֶƾʯս̺Ԫ
Ҷʼд󶨣ƴߵҶʾһѡ֡


144 
Ҷ˫죬һѴú죬ܲ͸硣
һ죬Ҷдꪳգصĳһǰ˵ʯϣѳʯûĽ˳ȥ
ϡһ죬ꪵתһ򣬺ݺݵͱһǰ׼ڱ͵Ϯʯˡ
ϵĺɨ
ϡתꪶһǳɣͱһλõʯ
ҶҲ֪ƣ롣ꪺǰ̺ײÿһһʯɳÿһ
ҶʯΧŲշתѵһ򵱹Ī֮ơ˾ȫİˣǵָָ㣬ͲûаСһˡ
Ҷߡ
Ҷұұߡ
Ҷߣ㡣
˵Ҷ˵ǹģ߻ôȥʯ񡣡
Ҷͷĺߣݺݵһꪳ˵ʯ񡣱ڼ˵Ķ졣

ҲЩʯϵ̶ɵģҲڳڴΧڱӡеʯȻ˵ûǣʯ̵Ŀ¡
Ҷʵľˣȫ֮²񷶼Ҫ顣ǳʯϣһĻǣʯ˷ֺͨϾûһǵ飬ûһ˿ơ
ʯ񲻽쳣ûκεʹ֪ƣ롣һδεĳһδεıҶʳɳȥȻһδε
ҶüȥûûˣҲסʯԲԲȻһֱ۷״̬Ҷʾ˫Ҳǻƣ뻹ҪϢġ
ҶʻһԼ˲ĵطʯеʯڻĸֻΧļϱڱ޼ļһʮʯҶս
ҶʳʯĹУΧʱʯ˫Ҷʼ˳ʱһʮˣֻڲϵӣҲҶȻ綼ſˡ
ڿƨϷߡҶʿ˻һ˫ֻرסԼָָģ˻ڲϵۡ
Ҷӣ𼱡ڶһᣬû£ùǵġеʱ䣬㡣һЦ
ҶһߡҶͷĺߣú仰
֪ǲԼӿ˳ԭҶøӦԶʯ̵˫ۣ߸ˡ
ûµҶӣһᣬ˵ʲôɱˣҲ࿴˵ʲôͨսҲڵϷ
Ҷûպͼ˷ϻˣ⼸˿ԼޱȣһԴ㿴Ϸ
ҶʴûӶ´ꪣǰеʯתԾ˾ȥ
ҶʶˣҲˡôУȫҶͷαǰɨƽһеϰҪûҶڣҪҶͨʣ¼Ҳ綼һ³ɱˡ
ҶʲĶ¼˲ܣһܳǧƣ·ûһ֮УûнͱҶһꪸˣǰ·ɨóͨ衣
ΪҶ̬ĴڣԭɱʯҶʼûκεΣաҶ֮ŪüɹģѾ˵ģڸģûиġֻҪҶǰĵ·ϵģȫҶһꪸˡҲꪵǰǹ֪ʲôɵģֱҶ߳Ǳ仯Ϊ˴ꪣȻ澭Ҷڡ
¡¡죬ҶԽеĸߴ񿿽ʯĸٶԽ죬ڶȫĸˡ˷Χ£˹ҪҶʼ赲Χס
ҲɫȻҶʴռϷȴתӵʱԤСһ·ϸҶ󣬿ߵһһĿٸԤиӵˡ
֪ʱʯʯȫż˳һѡ
ǧСɽƵʯһɱ¡¡졣ҶʼϵⶼϵĲʯĳڱˡ
˶ɫЩףҶȻǿ͵ò࣬ʵʵڵడǿͣٴҲмޡ˲֪Ҷʵ弫ʲôģǰʯһײƾ嶼ܲˣοҶʡ
תҶʣŵǡ˭ҲﲻæֻҶˡ
ǰԶˣڵλޱȵβǰģվһƬտϡΧȫǴڶʯҪ㶼ûеطܡ
Ȼ޷ܣҲԴСҶһԪתŵӡʱʱ
ӡյ̫Ʊ˺ˣ¶ɭ֣һθߴϵĮ̇ʯС


145 ̨⣿ݣ
̨ͨɽ˼䡣ֻҪֻ̨̤ͨҪ㹻ǿʰϾɽ磬Ϊϵʲô
̨ϲԲתӨ͸ģ෴沼˰߲ĺۼŵĻۣһصתȻ֮ǰٻһΰ̨Ǵʱٴٻ̨ǸҶ𺳡ʵԽǿԽܹᵽֲƽµֿµΰ
Ҷʴʱٻ̨ǴֱӼԦס̨ײʯȺȻҶʻ벻ʲôİ취ܹǰΣա죬չ࣬дﵽµʱ
ʯȺôҶʾͻڴﵽܼµһ˲ͱ˺Ƭ֪û˻ԼСЦοҶôˡ
Ҷ˫ţһ̨̤˲併ϵѹûаҶʸѹſ£ûſҲˡ˫óϰҶȫļⶼڲͷڷ
ϴȻȥҲѹޱȵľ޴󣬵ǻܹܵסķΧڡΪ֮ϴθ˲֪٣ֱӱѹſ̨ѵҲʯʯһ˶죬Ϊ죿
ҶʼվӡǵҶ̧ͷʱ˲һĴ㵣һƬĿտʲôʯԶ̳ʯǻƴԶԭλȻ֫ȥڵԪȥӡ
ҶɵˣƴôŲ̄ԭЩľս̨ǿûײڶޣײҶСҪȥ
ǺķôŲ̄ûзã˾ͱŵ˿ˡ֪ôļ򵥣ҶֱӾŪˣαػǴĴ˴ʱء
ûУǸǿЩʯֱӳϺˣԼܻȥˣҴǡҶɢȥԪ̨ʧ˿С
ҿѵǴ˵е֮ҿɢġҶʵĵɪ˴Ӵ˹
Ҷʵ϶󡣼һĿѧʵı飬档
֮ƣǶʲôֻҪһվ㿴סȫҶһ񺮵ĸ񵲿˶ҪԼɲƣҲ֪˭ô󵨡
СҶӡǶʶôˣ㻹صôһɻ󣬸ռҶϼˣǲûҵҪĴ𰸡
ǡز¶ģҪһ۾ͱǼˣһôȥǧŮܵԱʱ֮衣ҶʼţһԵá
ǴţˣǶóǿ¡е˵Ҷ
𿪡ҶһĿҵ˫֣Щɻ󣺡ʲôǿ£ղǶҵҪλǣ
Ҷޱȣ⼸ʲôʱôؿζˡ˵⼸һֱôؿζֻԼûз֡
ҿ˭ҪǶҶеʲôÿġһĶ񺮣Աĵˡ
ϷһŨĽ⣬ǿԾʲôķһɳֱӾȺʯ񣬿϶˲áһĵĿҶʣҪʶı
Ǳ̨ߵôʲô⣿ҶɻˣôԼĲһء
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֮ǰʯѾܲöԸˣҪûҶʣûʲô취ӦԵġҶʵĮ̇һԭֻʯ̵ʯ񶼿ʼչֲˣǱ׵ļˡ
˶ˣҪһưҶʸ򲻹ҲŻаʱҶϳһϡĽ⣬Ҳû⣬ΪҶԪǽɫġϡĽѸٵɢ˿Ȼеʯƽ
ðʶôʲôǲ֪ġ˵ҪеĻ綼ˣõԼԼڳҶŭˣޱԩ
ûУЩţ˭ôһĻΪʲôķʱһ˵ǸԼôŷ
ʱҷѶûҶһգѵԼôĵͣô˵滰ûء
Ҷʲα˲òˡ˰춼û۳һȻһܽᣬһǾҶʺݹϵȻ˵ĵϣЩʯôҶʵĺ


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ʯ񶼲ΪѼˣǰ·һƬ˳˳ͨĴʯ˾еǰ
ΧʯģΧȴŴƬĿտʾޱȳߵĵλ;Եͳ
СĽ£ü˴㵵һ·ϲûʲôƣҲû߼ʯػĿֲʯҲȻˣ˭˹ƶûа취ͻͬʯɣʯӵ߲ٵʯ
Ǽ˻Щ֣ûЩǿ˵ǸᵽǸȫǵ㵽ֹüĵĺһӣǸͻȻͳ˳
ֶʯսѥˣЩԼԼģΪȻˡΪҶʼûǸʯϣΪ˿ɲΪͻʯȺġ
СҶӣʺã˵ò͸ˡϸô񣬻ɵĿҶʵЦ
Ҷһ֮ǰûоȻӲǰʯ˸ҶͷҶһƵĶż˵£˲Ÿ˿ڣҶݵĳƺšҶǿҵĿ޹֮Ҳȥˡ˵ǵģԼôΪˡ
ףʲôͻȻʡ
˿첽ĸ˹ȥΧһƬïܵҰݣϥߡطֵĵطҰṳ̋ĺۼµĺۼӦһ࣬ҽӡʣҰ۶ϴ̵Ĳ֭
üͷƤЩ飬ôܻ˽ء
֮ǰ˱ʯʱûпʲôɵˡʵҲƬɭֺóһʱˣǼĶʲôˡ
Ƭʯֲޱȣǿ޽Ǳɱ޵ķݡҪǿҶ⣬˾һصĽɳüӹһٵõʯϿ˳롣
ӡʳ̶ȣӦǸղȥáʯ춯ʱҲûпбӰû
ѵҲҶһĪĵʯԶУ˵ΪĴﵽͨĵزǿʯ
һֲ²⣬ü˲ò߾衣ּ󶼱˲򵥲öԸ
˽һɫСĽøŽӡ̽顣ʯΧһƬտҲ̫ӡսѥǰʧˡ
ȷûʲô쳣֮Ҷʴͷսѥ
ͻȻǰľɫ䣬ΧҰݶˣģǱʯѪɫģŭŵûһ˿Զؼ飬ǲʯ嶼Ѫ顣Ͼ彩Ӳù˵ϡ
ǸߴҲȥʯ壬ϴһʵսףɢǿҵĲеѾ鲻ǻɢž˵ɱδ֪ҲѪѪҺչķ϶ʶ˶ɢƣҵأϬӽضϷǴԽ˿ռʱʲô
ǲ֪ǰľݣһʵøǰ˶һĪıʡ
ףôиˡе졣ͻȻһָؿλá
ĺ죬ҲعǵڲϵӰ
ǲ֮ǰҶʽѵץ̽·ôսͻȻе
ȥǣΪˡû뵽СǿĻȻܵˡôܹģرԲСһɻ
ôûҲôģֱץסһαʲ֪ôҶĦȭƵģڼ֪һ˷ܡ
Ȼˣʯ壬ȴһ㶼ûСսϵ·һ֮һۿǲ֪Ǻ˵Ļǵù꣬Ϊʱλǡؿսĵطϲ֪ʲôڷǿҵĹ⡣
ĴŰ壬ǰݵĻУŻƵĺۼϷ
ҶʲֱӷȥﱻѹȣԪת˳⻹ҶʵһûѹȣҶҲǲֱӷȥģڵĿռģΧŷܵĵֱۣӷȥֱᱻͬġ
δ֪Ӱ죬򷨲ҲԶԶԶ˵սΣգʵȴ⴦ռеκһطҪȫ
һ̽·ǰ̽·̽ΣգҶʼ·׷ϵøĿ١
һյĹ򲻵ĳ˼˵ǰ


147 ꣿ㻹ڣ
ǱЦĳǰ
һ˷ܵһ£ûץβˤȥ
תǼǣƵζʱʱ̶̿ӰֻǣƲ˼һղ˼ǣңǰѳ޶꣬޲ôҡ
ȻҲֻ룬ǵ֪Ҷʼ˵ҲԼмＸٴĳ޶ֻʱķֻܵȵܴҶʼʱھ
꿴Ҷʼˣ֪ԼܲˣкƱô˦⼸ɷǰ궼ѾעˣѾСģܽˣû¶ʲô˿ѾΧˣûܹڲݵϲȵļ³⡣
궼ЩԼǲϱǷҶʵģⱲרˡôÿԼʲôܣҶʼ˾ͳˡ
ǰ˵ҪҶʼЦЦӽӲޱȸЦŬ˰ڼһĨЦݣȿ޻ѿ
꿪ЦݣҶʼ˶ûš֪ôľ뵽Ұջıڲŵıˡ
ǣĲôɵþͽˣû˰ɡǰһޱȵӣ˵žͰִϣҪ¿ûˡ
ҪǿҶСħһߣҪǿЦ绨һȭϵĳ嶯ҲϵĺòãϲŮ˵ĺòãʿɱĺòá
һһ㣬Ļ졣ȫҶ޵УҽҵĻˡЩԲ͸⼸˵ʲô˼׻˵ֲЦˣ﹧άҶʡ
ŶСȻƴƴʱռǵıˣˮˡһö꣬ȴ˵ź޹صĻ
ûռǱˣұǻҪȽġһżѿڶ˵ңһĺڡ̫˰ذ΢һթԼͶˡ
Ȼ˫һɢɢġ
ҿôСģ˵ȹҶˣǶǿ˵ʲôʵĻѵʲôر콻ǿĴ꣬Ͳʲô档
۹һԵòȻ˶һʶķӳСеĶ綼ˣһӲӵѽ飬ûоʲôĵط
Ϊʲô˵ͿˣΪǿӲӵĽʵ̫ˣɢǿҵĽһɫС̫벻עⶼѡɣǰ¿һŵǿҽⲻĽ鷢ġ
㿴һҫЩһǴж̫ۣױ¶ĿꡣⲻȾΪ⣬˲ŷֵꡣ
ҪΪʶΪ˶ٴΰĿĽϡΪ׷ŮӵĻۣĥСƷŮӻǺܲġˣǻع⡣
ʲôǵȻҪҶǰ涥ţҲŻˮġҴˣ´ҲˡðΣո̽·һʱķϣҵƨŵ˰ɡᣬµš
ҪǾСйôûйôûõķϣҶͰȻȥˣȻǻͿԼ컯ˡ
ڵǼ˶ѾλεģС̫һɢŹâıȻܾôŹˣҶǿҵԤУ˳Ľ뵽ûбʯ񹥻Ϊԭ
ΪʲôΪûбʯ񹥻Ǿ˵һļֱü˶᲻䱸ôܳŵסʯĹ֮Ҫ
ˣװˡеıǺҹеө棬벻˷ֶѡʵȻź򡣡Ҷදָؽߵǰָžž졣
嶼£ҶҰ˸µļ̫ˣֱͳجˡеĶʵ̫棬ϾôĸԸĽҶ̹ǼֱΡ
˵ⰡҼģûʲôáⶫǿģ̸ĥһú͸Ůӻ˿֪İɣϴǿǸɫͷǸҰܾˣⶫ͸ĻġҶ磬С·ɡͳ˽Ӳӵ飬ںףƫƫ֪ޱȵȻĲںеĶȴСģޱȵ֡
˿ĵ۾ջģûšǸԱҪսôôĹ졣


148 ؽ
еĽԽԽֻͣзȥˡ
Ҷ磬һץеĽ顣ֳʮзУǲûзʲô֮
˵ɣ⵽ʲôôġȻҪźˡҶʹѴظ˺ü飬ÿ˵һͶһΡ
ľǸԱ߻ġҲǸռģҪϲȥˡȻ˵һʹǻǲʹ̹ס
ģ淳ˡսҲˣ˶ó˵ѻ˭ûƭƭԼƫƫҧŲɿڡ
ҶҲûйİ˳ǸİˣǸӵȤȱȱ̧־Դһ£Ȼȫ
껹ûзӦֻоԴһľʹȻԴˡκǺһܿƵҡһˡ
žһ죬Ҷʿ򻹲ٴԴһ¡곹׵βˣ˼ά˻Уȫʧȥ˵ֿʶ
ȷʧȥκεķҶʶ̽ԺСǿҪ߿еõ𰸻ܵѰ취˫Ϊû٣ҶԷҵĻкܴΣաʶܴӰΪصþͻֱ
ҶǵһʹãȻȻĲдȫ׼ſʼ۲ʶ
˲˵Ǽʶ㣬ҲʶģҶʵĶ֪ҶʵĴ㡣˶ϽˣСĵҶʵߣҶյʲô˺˵ĵĶˣطǼ⣬˭ŵҶʡ
֪ǲǱҶʸصµԵʣʶʮֵĻҲҶϸĹ۲ɾѡҵҪ𰸵
Ƭ֮Ҷ˫ۣ³һ̽ʶһǳ鷳Ĺʲô߰ϢһԵĳ˳ʲô껹ʲô͵Ѹϴ裬ǺϢҪҶʵԴ
Ҷʲ֪Ǳ̽ʶһɨֻȡԼȤҪԼʶͶԷʶһ൱ھ˱˵صʧҡ
СҶӣ˵˵ʲôѸٵΧ£ʮֵĸȤ
ˡ㡭ҶʰԼղſһжظһ顣
ҶֻȥʱԭʮֲԸڽӽķΧʱһֱϵؽ鷢˵ĹâǼһֱģһֱ˵Ǿ˵оûоȻͽꡣ
ȻҲûоȻǻһֱЯߡ˿ͻȻ춯ȻʮֵġȻԼ̽ҧסϵʹ̣ܵϽѵʹ࣬ûסҺȻҶʣڲҺʱѾ˽顣Ҷʸ죬Ҷ¶ɱʱʮֹϵѡЭ
ΪԼСҪԤؽָĵط㸹С踺أ˽ҪҶʵˣȥѰʲôıء
ڼϮʱΪҶʼž߽Ũ޵ϢΪ˹ʲôûеõϢܴ
Ҳʵ̫Сô᲻Ȥԭ򣬴ֱҶʵˣûꡣҶʼ˱ײ˳ȥæӦǰ˵Ĵʹһûеһʱꡣ
ϹľܣյģҶ˹걻ЭʱһֱôҶʼ˵õĻܵˡ
ҲɭƾԼǳΪǴ粽УСĵȫһֱͲڼ˵ĸ
ҶʼһֱȫľûϾʱȥ̽Χ뵽껹һСĵöš֮Ҷʼ˴ŴȺǰ׻ͨԳǵɭִҡ
һ·궼ڼ˵Сĸţ֪ɭִңǾ˵ƴ˷Ѹٸ֪ˡ
ȡصĽһݹâǿһֱŷŵʯ⡣¶ͷҶʼ˷ֻǱ޷ֶһ龹Ȼָ˵ȥ
ųʯУȻĽ鲻أЧҲ죬һ·оգѸͨʯĽ¡
ʱҶʼ˳ˣȻ˼ͷޣʯ񸴻ޱɱҶȷʵ£ʯжڲ֮ء껹վĽ£ۿҶʼ˺þá󿴵Ҷʼ˳ˣֳֽԻĿռ䣬ȻͱҶʼץˡ


149 Ҷʱˣ
Ҳ湻ùġҶʵЩﶼ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǱҶ伹ĳǹǰѳˡһ彲һеΪһսɵʱĪܣһ
Ҷ֮ǰ۲ʶҲķҵˣȻҶ׷ĲһʱĹԦǺܲġ
ҪһĽڣҪʼͽڼУԼһɳҪһ˳ֵģɵСͨĳɾͻܵơ
츳ǸǧǿģѾһǧ֮ˣҪûˡŰһֱصؽúɵĳǹһ꣬Ҫɳ¼塣
ȴҶ˹ˣ߽ԼĴꪡֱҶصĽ飬ν˷۱Ҳѹػˡ
СӵĻǿµˡ˲Ҫһֱи츳ĻҪõ׵Ķڻģζᱻѵġսüͷ壬൱ˡ
ĺͨһΣοԵõˡ˵ʵҪΪԭ򣬼˻治ܵõôĺôȻһ·Ҳޱȵաû꣬˵ڻɽ£ʵʵĵȴҴϼ˵Ļع顣
ҶӣҪɱɡսôһ˵ϸһ¶һ亹ûɱ˵Ҳ״ɱġ
⣬ʵ²֡ҪΪҸߣһʲôΪԵĲôûȥˣеȥҶʶ񲻶ϵ˸֪ս˵ʵǾ²֡
ҪǾͰȥ𡣡ս֪Ҷʵɱ˵ܵҶʵֹ˿գܲҵشۣ˸еİ취
ս˵꣬Ҷκοǵʱ䣬ץס̱ϵֱ˳ȥ
ҶҪֹѾˣ˵бֱ÷˳ȥΧĵۣŸԶշ˹ȥձҵĵ۵סˣʧˡ
ҶȻЩǲòõİ취ˡûֱɱ꣬𣬵ʵСɽӵĿУۿǲлġûֱӱɱҶʵǰҶʻǿܹܵġ
Ե˵ʴȾǶԼĲ̣ĻǵҪǡ˫λöԻһ£Ϊʵѹһ»Źô߰ɣǻűصȥôսĽһ䣬Ȼͷͷȥ
֮ǰҶѾˣɢɢĽָķӦþĶͷ
Ҷ֪ս֮ǰȷѡֻнɱǱԼСĻʧȥ˷꣬вЩ鶼ѾˣսԼԼͣʵսȫûʲôսĸԱҲûн͵ıҪ
Ҷůůģ׿еһ߰ĸֽŲõϵĸս˳սļôļ򵥣֡⡱ȫ㹻ˡ
ûκεΣգڸ·ĹУҶʻĵĲϵ̽ŸոյֵĽ顣ʶܹ˳Уϸϸ̽ÿһ䣬˽Եǲŵı߽Ǵתû˿֮
Ǳ߽ǴĪ˾ͺܷ貽һֺǣҶʸ㲻ףʹ봢С
ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôͳ˸շ봢еĽ顣˻еĽɫԪۣû˽С
һ춯
һĽӽгҶŵðһƨ˵ϣظԭ״˵ϣµµùţȻͣսϿ̺۵ĹսǴ
Ҳסˣɫ԰ף·һ˲ʪ͸ˡոǵĽѼ˶Ҫ˺ˡ
СҶӣҪ˺òáˣСĸλͨͨͣ
Ҷһֱڼ˵оصĽ飬֮ǰҲڼ˵ת˶ûзʲôر֮ͶҶʡ
Ҷо˴죬ͼһҲоĽһʲôûзֻ֣ĸоĲ
û뵽ǣҶʵԪһעУ˿µĽ˽վΧоǷ֮嶼·Ҫ˺ˡ


150 ҲҶ
Ҷʵƣֱƽɱɢƴûгֹ˶ΪԼеĻþϵĽԷǿҵĽ⣬֮ûκεر֮
ȻΪõϢȼ֮һʼ϶Ǳ˵оܷй֮ŶʧȥȤղҶʼƾɱڲҪǻСǾԾɵˡ
ݵĳԾº󣬿鲢ûʲô춯һһ˵˼ֶҪҵеŰʲôġԵеʱŪôһɨԷҲðСؼⶫС뿪ɭֵķΧⶫǲģһͭױ¶Ҳˡ˶ԾУϣһ͵͵ĸôһ£Ǿˬˡ
һСΣЯԻǿۣؼܸܵģʵɱ˷ŻӼеıرƷ˭֪Щص㶼Ķġ
˶Ȥȼˣδ֪̽顣
첽ǰʰ˱ҶʶĽ顣ĵ˰죬ǽ黹Ǹԣ˵ʲôϬƥĽˡû˿춯Ͳ
ռϹĵսһѶ˹ʹ˻ĽֻûиոƲõȥȥˣһûʲôӦսˣֶ̧ء
о˺ð죬һûмǰѼ˸۵ͷ󺹡ϰ黹
СҶӣĪʲôϣʲôʲô찡ʲôģ˺档
ʲô죿Իˣе㲻˵ʲô
㱿ôˡһſ죬ǲŽôţһһǶ㺰죬˵һܽ˵ޱȵƶڱû֪˵Լ˵ġ
õ찡ҿҶɧСģ뺰öҶˣҶ24K˧֮ġսһȵһ򣬳Է
ҿԪˣôôıôӵôھѰ̽յС˵˰ɣԷٳʳ¡Ҷˣżĵ˰죬ŷŵϴĴˣûһ˿Ԫһµġ
˵ԭ˾˫۷⣬һȺɫǿһѵùƯ
һ˹ƴԪ
ɫ죬Ԫת˼ޡƴĵڵԪйȥӾƵá
㿴ɣƽʱעźҶһȥƭЩƵˣ㲻սˣղſҶŪޱȵɡⶼҪѳ̵óˣûá
ɫͨ죬Ƿˣ̧־ͶսղȫûеһжԪն٣ȴûһ˿Ķڼ˵ʵǲģҪչģֱӶ˳Ƶս
սȴﵽĽףĽ۷꣬ʵǿڿҶޱȵļǿֲĽսΪԼҲ໨Щܹɹ
սԼˣ󻨿Ӷˡʹ˳̵۵һһ쳤ͷŴ黹һүһ˿սҪޣѵԼòܵ
ʵһһݵ̫˰ɡҶˣԼոնΪסˣʵûöĹ
ꡱһ죬ս۵ſµʱ򡣽ڷһƽʵ̫Сˡֻͷ˿ôϸ˵ɱˣһɢˡ
ҿѵҲҶʵݡֻҶһ˵ģǷ˴ûáսڵĴϢţޱȵƣ̧־ͰеĽ鶪Ҷʡ
Ҷʽӹ飬һ˿Ԫע롣鱻һޱȵİսŪļֱ֮ȡ֮ǰҶ׼ûоŵĶȥάԪע룬еĽŲ
ݰޱȵļʣҶеĽЩ۲
ҶʻһɣƬ֮ҶʾޱȵľˡޱȵĹ죬ԪԽԽˣգ۵ĹҶʵԪͱ˴룬ⶼҪľˡϽжԪ룬ʱʧҲɢˡ
ҶһҺԪǱģҪյĻԼɰ


151 
ȵȣСҶӣɢȥһֱûпڵͻȻˣɻ벻ȷ
ⶫԪԽԽͣҳŲ˶áʲôԵôҶעһ˿ԪȻֿٵɢȥˡ
֮ǰһ״μֻҪٵԪһֱάŵûڼϢʱڱ˸ɡ
ǲǽЩϤĸоôػǲ̫ȷżѯʵ
ףҾôһ˿ĸоôһ˵һЩϤʶв˻ӳôĽȷʵеôЩϤ뵽ʲôץص㡣
СƤһѽѽţСצָָһԵա
СʣǵطȥġȻСͻȻʱҴ˵˼·սº͵ĸСʽš
ˣˡ֮ǰǰһԻǰǲ鷢İ罣е񽣷ĽôͻȻչüͷ˵СʵԴ
һ㶣ǵ޵еӰʱ˶Իϡصѣ˿һԴҵбе񽣡˵
ոȥһ·Ҳ̫ˡҶǿҵĻɣݡýԣܲܺ񽣽ϵȻŪ˼΢Ĳ
һ㶣Ȼ󻹾ôһЩĿԣ˶ȵĶҶʣڶһλˡ
ҶҲЩ̷ȣ뷨ȻЩпգѾ˶꣬˵ôһ˿Ŀԡ
ҶСĵ̽һƵʶԶȥͬʱʣ޼Ԫһ貵Ľ񽣳ȥ
ڼ˵Ĺע£һ͸ûлʵ塣ҶҲѸٵ˫ۣһƣԪѾˣǰδеҶޱȡ
ȴʱ춯Ҷʵƣֱ㶵ҶʵСȥȻС
Ҷɫ䣬ϽĿӡڵĽʧȥ˹ڷǿҵĽ⣬⼣߰ߵһĳĿǰյĵСҶ˺üΣûа취ơҶôŬʼڵڲûʲô춯ҶҲķ
ðʲô⡣Ҷ˫ۣޱȣһĲƣ߱ҶʿЩëҪʵ̫ˣҶҪݺݵĸô¡һͲ֪ҳ⡣
ǸͲʵ壬Իһ֡һսѾһˡҶһҲԼҲۺ񽣡Уǽ飬Ҳ飬ҵȥˡȻûʲô춯ǸŪˡ
Ҷޱȵƣֿ޲ʽһ룬вһǲģҪܹԼָӾ͸ӵĲˡ
Ҿôһ˵ȨԼа˵ˣҶ򲻹㣬ܱԼϲɡһڨЦǻǲԼĴ
ЦȻܳˡȲ˵εȻԼΣǾԼ˵ȨҶʵУԸ⣬ԼҲܱԼĴҲܳϣҶ˼ǳֲԿҪҶʲܶˣ붼ֱʰԼˡиԼųǧɣ˲˵ԼΪȫҶԼĴˣֵ̹˵Ҳֱ׳
Ҷͳ˼ҩٵĲԼġҲļڲƴ֣Ҫûôݳ޵Ĵ
ҩ븹ϼǧҶһҩԪģһӵ۲Ķ˵Ҳ֣ڵĶԪȴûȡֻڵгҶҲͲȥˡ
ҶʻָȴûѡƬ̣ΪԶҶʵĵһ¡
ʱ£˵齨һ˿ϵ̻ҶԼӡȻƾֻƬܹʰ룬˵䡣
Ҳ룬˵ôһ˿Ŀԣ˭Ҳûе档һõôˣҲûмҵģԵɺ֮±ҶʡϾ񽣲֪˶ˣе˵ѾɥʧˣҵҲûʲôô
һǿȷģǾҶʳʱ£ܵõܹͬɵʹҲǲġƾϬĽͲ֪öǿޡ


152 𴫳
ϣ·Ϊ֮ǰѷµָû֮ϵͷĿĵػԶҲҪΪϸָ
ûľ˵ٶ˼¡Իֻգû̫Ҳ֪˶õ·˳ս·ϣĲ
Ҳ˻ۻˣôҿʲô졣۾Ǿ޴Դ
ҲָоҪǿҶʾߣҶҪԼվҶʵĲӳˡսҲһӣֿԵҶ档
ǾǣҺȾѾס˼ˣѾЩˡҲǵָЩ졣
ҶҲЩ˸ոĲվʱҶʾͺˡʮʱˣûпȥվӣÿϴʱܹԼӵģҶڵһʱϳˡ
ǷӣҶʼƣֱҶʵӷŴ֮ӡ
ͣǱӣǶ䣬Ƕͷ۾ǺҶͬһģӡһȻµǷԹҶ߱ģ˵ƺǷŴҶʡ
ɺϣɺϡҶҲһΣͱվһŷŴġԼĸо˵Ĺ졣
Ҷ뵱˸ս侳ѵĹоҶЩüҶʲ֪ΪʲôЩų⡣ҡҡͷĸ׿ȥ롣
ĻˡҶɫŹֵ˵
һ˵ˡһ·˼Σÿκ޷鷢ҶʴҪĻ⡣
Ļ£ÿκҶ˿˿Ƶϵ˶տڲڳط顣ǰǿ߳ʲôնϵĹɲʲô£ѭ
ʹµָ򣬺Ĳˡĵ棬ܲƾӦϸλáսٴĿӣȻĺ䳤࣬Ҷѯʵ
ԡҶҲЩܵԼĵУûа취иӦķλ
ҲĿĵغܽԶţʮֵĴ󷽣ҶʵĵתţһΪ³ָһ
Ҷ˫ۣٴζԱȷ£Զָ˷ûдĻӦþüλá
ôȥϾû׵İˡսüͷЩֲǹʯ᾵ɽ廹еط
ոȥͻȻҶһУ岻ܿƵķ˳ȥ
֪Ƿ˼˵ѴզģһֱҶʵаͻȻ춯һ˿ȼҶʵĵҶʵԪܿ岻ıŷ˳ȥ
۾ôģҲŵĴġͺܼ͵񾭣ʱҶʶøӵļˡ˶֪˵ʲôˣѿڶⲻݰɡ
Ҷʵ²ܿƵķ˳ȥɳ巶ΧͻȻʵҶʶΪԼڽİдҵĵ۱Ļǵڵˤʱ
üһʵĹââΧԻŹľݣ޳㣬žϼ֮תʵĹâƽͣ
Ҷ޷ϼĶͷȥ
Ҷʵսľ뼸Ŀע£ҶʵıüС޷ܵǣ£ҶԴǰ죬üĴüġ
Ƭնһ£ΧһڿٵɢѸٱĨƽѪɫغʯʧ˵ҵҰݣŭŵ΢硣Χʧȥʯ塣˴гˣǴûнȥȻҶʵĶͷѾʯüϣ˻Ϊǰһǻþˡ
ֻһ̫ʵĻþˣ
һҶǲ֪ģҶǰֵһƬǳҫǿա¿ڶţ׼ȷ˵ǻ˵˸ߵݻµĵ뷨
ڶԵʾţȭŶƽ棬ϵչ塣Īĵתƽӹʽȴױȵľȭչ䣬ʹŤǳҡ
ͻȻʽˣȭ˫˫ĶצȭƣҲͣĲʱṇ̃Ť򱬡
ʽٱ䣬һ貵ǳ飬ųĹ⡣һ㣬ǳסˡųϼ⣬Ѥõʱ䱻סˣһѤĻ䡣
һ㣬̵Ŀռָ糣ǳŷɳâųԶ


153 ֮ռ
ҶȫעĶţ´κεһϸڣ۾գһ¡ÿһޱȵƽȴԵ˵ĲʽȻѤãûһȭ׳ħݵĳ
Ǿôƽʽȴشϣǳص־ȻԽص־˾ôվͺΪصģǳΧתصĵ۶˽΢Ĳ
һĲҶʵԺӡҶʵʶ֮С
һοھļ¡ǹʽһйطǱֱӡʶҶĬĬһ˹طĿֲ֮
طûʲôôǵһĶĿƣǾԵšתطɼαӣ˴ﵽܴﵽļ£ؼбȼ֮ˡ
ݻȭһֻǼ򵥵ȭȣȴлܡ
ŶطĸΪܴﵽ¡ƾ贿ܹŤգ׵סռ䱾ԴסǳǳųĹƬһƬռУֻĿơ
Ҷ˿˵ǿռ䷨ıԴòⲻ֪ʲôֵǿ󣬲òµ츳Ҳֻô绪ܹôµĵ뷨
ͬʱҶеɻҲˣôµطǿսһ֡𾿾жôǿҶʲö֪Ӧܹһʱĸ˽ܡǹԻһսĳӦսˣ۵鶼һˡ
ǵʲôĴڣˣ󻹳˲ʵĸնš
Ҷҡҡͷ˼ҲӦˣϾͬһʱȥôӦѾߵ˾ͷ
Ҷʰ˼˸ոյõطϣ˽ȥ
ķãһ߿Ż̫ϤطתһԼȭս֪˶ٱֱָÿһĶܹյĲϲһȻҡƬա
ȭŵÿһλӶվҵҶʰԼѧģյȫһ顣
ҡڣռڲϵţŵ˼ʱᱬѿȻһԾ˫ѿռ䣬ռҡϡ
صȭʩչֱ飬Ҷռڶ֮Уһȭ˿ռȻƽ
Ҷʸó˸ոһƤëĿռڿռ£ʵöסһСƬաеԪ̲ڻ
ָצһץžһ죬ռ䱻ѹñ˿ҶţٶԽôһУȻܽɱУǾܶʱĽסԷ͵óЧԲͬն
ռҶ˵һǶԾȴûа취ȫķӳ󲿷ʱ仹ڵۻԪ˶Ծ˷ѵԼĴơ
ڶԾаƷӵޣǿǣ߽෨ҶʻöͷͷޱȵĴڡ
Ҷ˫ۣǳתӶ䡣ǻ˴СӰ֪ʲôʱѾֹͣʾ˫֣Ҷʡͷ­΢΢𣬿ǿӰ͸¶һ϶į
ƬռھҵĲǿ̮еһжڿʼı
Ҷһ֪ƬĿռ佫Ҫʧˣ˫ֱȭĹöǵߴΰѹıӰ˰ݡȻǰһǰˣҶʲ֪ʲôʱվĲҶʧһɲǣҶʵͻȻת壬ҶʧķŵЦ⡣һУҶʶûз֡
СҶӣȻΪûʲôƺӵ˰սΧҶתһȭ棬Щ˵
ȷոյõĴСѧǿռططıʾǾԵ̫ħɽһʮһСʱҶƾħɽһѹˣȻûʲôƾѾڿʼѹΧһˣԨ
СҶӣ㽻ոմǵõʲôôҲóǷ¡ǰöҶʡ
û˵ҲһڴôǿµĶƨ룬֪϶
һСҲһڴ۶Сġ


154 ʯȥ
ңġô治СҶϸһ¸ղŵļţ˾ޱȵı¸˼طĿھûв˽ֱԲӡҶʵԺ̵ᵽĵϣҶʾûа취ˡǲطӡԼԺоʧˣҶҲֻǳѧûа취չֳطصɡ
Ҳȵ˵ˡΪǵõùķʲôģû뵽õıȷʲôˡ˲ûܻʲôط̫Զˡ
Ҳ֪ˣµķ˵Ϊ̫ԶûаһѷҲûз½йδģżķʲôǲ٣ʱĥ˷
˵Ӳķʱ»ƽʲôܱסطһֱôꡣ
֪ǿ󣬴Իһսʵ֪ˡû뵱ôǿ󣬼ֱ˼˵Ҳ˵Ǽ˿ĺˣⷽ롣
ǰҪҶҪСãû뵽Ҷʵõأû뵽Ҷʾֱӵİط˼ˡȻ˵ĹϵǺܲģǴ˿̻ЩΡطȥ½һѪȷ硣ҶʾĶֱӸ˼ˡ
лȻ˵е飬Ǵ˿һҪ˵һллսãֵסطջᶨҶʹ˹֡
ҲЦ飬ѵҶϵĵлˡ
һֱΪҶʵչˣʱֵõȻû˵ʲôǿҶʵĪļᶨ
ͻȻ忪ʼҵҡΣһԻĿռҵĲǱձĸӵ顣࣡һ죬ռǱһƬڷɢá
ǰľɫһ俴ƣԶǲĹľïܳ֡´ӲʸУͷһһʯʣվʯļϣŵ²ͷޱȵʯ
ڼ˴뿪ȥѰ뿪Ƭɭֻصɽİ취ʱѾʯʯֿʼҵҡ
һɲɿܵľ˱ᵫǲݷƷ뿪ʯļԽʯƮƮʯ档
ʯĻζûоʹֹͣԽԽҶضĴʯҲŻζ
վڵϱܣҶס˽µհѼһض
һ޴ƴҶʼ˸ոĵطԶӶȥҶʼ˻תͷüͷ
ǰ˻ûע⣬ʱĿԶɭ֡
ŷ֣ƬɭֶھҵĶһܿٵصľڵصƳӡһ
ɭ޺죬޶ڱڡɻ˴ȸɭֵϿϡ
Ҷʼ˶ΪɭֶҪ˵ʱʯȫεضֹͣҡΡ
üһ⣬ɢɭֵÿһ䡣Ĵعƽ޺Ҳʧһȫ
ѵȺ޿еǸҶʼ˶оѣеԶɢһɵĽ⣬ɢʯɢĲ
пܣɭڵôʯнһɢȫˡȺѱ˵ʵ϶ޱȾµĶս˵
ȫϴһ͸ˡȺûһǺö֮ǰǶҪɱšɻˣʼ塣һڴеޡ
Ҳô˵ɻ˺ǲûʲô顣ܰ˵ϼ仰ѾܲˡǶϴߣȻǻ֪ôǡؿڷĹ۵㣬ޣҲûʲôøС
˱׷һصġ֪Σޱȵ»תʯȻõĺôԹģһʼ˭֪ʲôءȻȻģ˶Щ޾ͶûʲôøС
Ǽûзʯ׼ȷ˵еʯгһµĽͷաʯһûУһʧˡ
ɵˣûϴɭֲޣҲûƿյʱ˳ϼһ̡Ȼ֪ʯȥǱɭкðɡ
ޱѾҶʼˣʯ춯һšвǵĶѾûˣҶʼⲻǾô


155 
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õϴڵĴУֻҪ뼸ʱ䣬ü˵Ϊ׷һǿߡضܴ󽭺ǰˣһ˸һ˸ߡ
ǲھѾ˴޵ֵʵˣʯʱֳһضް˼Ҷʼ˵ϡӲӻĺ鶼֪ġٲʯҲûطȥʯޣȻȻľͻҶʼ˵鷳
º³ɺһ㣬ͱһ󵨵ҶǶڳ鴤Ҳпԭˡ
Ҷʼ˶ƹˤˮڵʱɭֶ
ѵʯķ֣ڷôЩˡɻĿգڴʯȺٴν١
ʯȺûҲûбٴƿɭֻھҵĶţڻƶǰƶٶԽԽ죬Ƭɭڱŷٵǰȥ
ߴķ۾Ѿˡ
˵һ죬ƬɭǴӸ߿ձص˵档Ҷʼ˸о㱻ҵĶϵˡ
㱼Ҷʿһ޴ϣһŤãһֻĴҡϡסʯȺʯȺ˫ޱߵʧˡ
Ҷֱһͷ˵е㡣֮ǰĶصɭ֣ϡеĺޣʯȺ
֮ǰһֱػ񣬵ȴ˴Уٱλõĵ
仯ĴҲ϶ʱĴѪԶڼЩֿԱġ
ΧĪѹʧˣɭе޻ڻ֮УҶʹЮżѸһȥղɭشʱҶѾӦ˼ϤӦǴϼɡ
طűǷֻ·һȻϼطΨпٵǻغϲܰȫ
еҶʿٵĹ۲£ɭֵǰһ޴ɽɽЩĽڼ䡣·ɭȻеɭɣǾ޴ɽҴϵ˵ĲǴ洫ģӦǱǿд򿪵νԶż
ǴʱΧ޵һƬѹȵĲܷеĽҲûˡ
֮ǰɭֺɽм仹ŻҽӿΧȫǷӿѵľʯżǵԨԶ
ɭأҶʴżƿնϵʱ˾Ѿ˹ҶʿһУҲˡ
ʲôطڲͬ߰Ŀռ崩ȥģҶͿˡд㯣ȫͷˡ
ɭֺǴʲôռݣѵֽʲôĪĿռ䣬ʲôʱǸͷҲˡսҲҪˣЩ㲻ǰ״
ظදŶͷͲ缸ͷоԶ·תˡ
ӦòĿռС磬ǿҶʰԼȷֵļ־Եɵ˵˳ȻǴæһƳ仯Ĵ
Ƭռ䣿ЩȷУôһ˵ʵεʲôżģɽϵĽֻΪ˵ġĿУҲʯС
Ҷʽŵǵõʯѡ뿪ɭһ˳ڴѾɣӡƶƿˡɭֺɽһǵУ׼ȷ˵ħɽС
ô˵ûиһɽϣõͲͯӰսһĸ̾뵽Ǵҵرꡣ
ҿô׷ˡҶʸеǿҵĲڿٵĿתͷһŵð
һֻͺëĺִڿٵĽӽҶֱ˹ǣطŤա
Ƭɭе޶ĪȻΪӹһ٣Ǹûзŭһһû꣬ɭֶڿٵƶǰûз飬û˵
޶ΪˣǶķŭˣѾмˣҪɭһ𶼻˰
һ¾ȻҪɢȫĹͷǺǻšֻҪɭһֱӦõ޵ѹ׵ʧˡ
ĵ⣬дź΢硣ȻԱǲʱ緢ҽɷ羰Ƕ֣һƬȻǻб߼ʵĿռ䡣
ǷǳϲͣزǺûоͷȵǸռ䲻֪˶ٱˡ


156 Ϸ
ȻҲѾӦصı仯ȴû̾ӵĺ顣˵еǰԣҶʼ˶ڴ˵㲻ʲô֣ӵϴ֡
׼ȷ˵ǿ˼ֻԼķңԼЩ鷳ͳСǰε˭˲οһֱͱȽϱĴ
ڼ׷ᣬһҪҶʼ˻ɱԼ۾徲ЩϴˢЩĳ衣أǱðҶʼɱɱףԼһƬؼӭ
໹ֽųҶʼˣٶȿ쵽˼£ûܳԽʱռļٶȣ׷Ҷʼ˻ǺƵġ
ò˵ĵı̬ǳϲΣʱһ־ı顣
Ǻܿͷ˲ԾĵطҶտͱĵطûʲôͨûʲôر֮еĴԵĸеΧһжǽƵģƾԶҶʼ˵Ϊ˫ǿеҶʼ˳ȥ̶ڣľҶʵĽٶȡ
оĲϲָо˵ձ½ظӵϲɳɣһĶ
Ҷʼ˵ʹȻ෴Ҷʴ˼˿ռط֮󣬴ʱҶʳ֣ȻȻľ뵽Ҷʵ뷨
Ҫӹ׷ɱԾǲܵģֻʱ䣬ȵƧ˸ӦǵϢȻûһ˿ϣȻǰɽϴʱƾϢĸӦҲ֪һţҪúƧ˸ӦǵϢҪһʱˡ
ҪʵԶ˵Ĵ׷ɱȡʱ䣬ֻһ취ʱ䡣ôʱأ϶ֻƴٶ취ˡԿռԴǿҵã˶ޱȵĸˡ
Ҷʵ򻹲͸ΪҲǳԷ˯ôȥ˵ġΪǶţҶǿ˵ǰӵĿռҲʲô¡Ͼ˵ǿռʵ׷Ĺﵽһ¡ʱ䣬ƿؿռط
Ѿǳ㹻ˣһı¿˵˾󲿷Ǽٶ²ܷӳġڱ˵ĴܷӼʵҶʲ֪һǳǾٶǷеײˡ
ҶʿռĴٶֽһءҲȻڵҶײȥһֻʯצǰĽƣݺݵץҶʵϡ
ϡһ죬ŹǵҶƨ¶ûСڴצӿҪץǵһɲǣĻƿٵתһɫĹ𣬺ĵס˴ץ
Ҷʴż˱ǰ壬ڴײ֮£ǰɳȥԶ
ͺļ㣬СˤšڷСûΣ֮˼ֻź󷽵ͺЦš
ǰǰСЩ˼һˣѧʲôСӣô塣սźָĻ
ս磬ʲôطѾ˼ˡʵҶûпһ˼ýŴ󿴿ҿôЩëҲ֪ǹģ治֪
ϵëˣⶼƽʱ࿴Щ顣սͬʱڻش˵꼸˶һĴЦ
㱻ը˷ΣһδѶԷײȥԶ˵Լ֮ˣԷ䡣һԣֱż˳˹ȥѧˣ˫ŵĽâתܻա
֮ǰʵ飬ҶʵĿռʩչøӵĵӦ֡ŴŲæĽգͬʱڴһ󷭶һһڵĴꪳС
ո޵󣬿ҶʽգҶͳ˴ꪡ㲻һֱ㶵ĳ˹ȥ
οռֻЧƬ̵Ĺͱ˫ˣҶҪľЧŴγٻƬ̣еĴꪳգֱ˴ı
һ죬ҶʵľһЩȥҶҲŷ֮ЮżˣбϷȥ˲һصľ롣
ŭˣһҶʴ˳ڰ߳Щô鶯ˣҪؼٶˡ
΢˫۵ĴౡţԪһתʱȶס˵ĳ˫ȶҶʼ˹ȥ
ɫ๲ϵĿϣһӿдܳ˺գҶʼˡ
˴󺧣δʼˣüѹһעⲻҪôһƤ
Ҷʴżǳ۾һżˣ׼ȷ˵ǶҶʾͲˡ


157 У
Ҷ׼Լǽˡ
ҶʶΪùˣȫԪ籼תˡŵùϵĻĸУתɵֵס˴硣Ҷˣ´˵ǱԼ˵ˡ
ҶתͣҪȥݺݵĳһġôǰǰ׷ɱˣƢٺõ˶οƢôõļˣ»ѵá
·ԭɭ֣ҶʾʹͷٵڶݵĿֻ֮ڶĴܶ඼ڿڹ۲ΧĻˡǾôãѾ˲ٵĹעˡȺʹϼ˻ϲ
һеҶʲھǰ棬תߡȻҲҶʵ׺ȻϱôڱҶʿƵ»治ռʲôˡ
е׹ⲻϵսʤǡԥһȥ
ҶˣȻ֪ôģôĻҶʾ൱˱ıǮӽˣϹȽգȻꪾ΢ͣٵȥ
¶ıóѵɭâһ˹ȥҲֱ֪ӹҶʣҶǹŹֵĹǻᵲסԼеĹ
缫ĲȶոսӴҶĴꪣ˳Ŵꪾ˽ȥڴб˿ҲҺꪵĲʼӲûб١ǸͱѵҶʵֱ۷飬翾һƬںڡ
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ҶʲôǵģѾǸߴɽΧˣֻҪֳĶ󣬲´ϼ˷ֲԼʵҪǣҶŭˡ
ǿűߵĳ嶯ҶɫҪż˽ɽšȻڼĿɿڴУȥͰȻȻֳġЬһֻŤͷͳգڵű߳˼Ƚ׵Ĵ˹ȥ
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ҪţͷȥͬϵĴͿҶʣץһֻմЬӳ
һ㶣СӱԼɵˣԼɵˡһֻЬұƴôһֻЬʲôءܿͷԼˣڿ㶼ˡ
ҶϵĹעԪɢһɫĹΣҶ˶УûκεĹǣ޷Ƶˡ
Ҷʱ껹Ҫ꣬޴֡ԲҶ˷ʱ䣬һɽЩڳô죬ҲǺܱġ
ҶûôԸָͨס˴Ŀռ䡣οռ䲻ôͨ͸ϸ֮ŵɫڿռתҶʰѹɢĲ˽ȥĽ
ҵ˫ȶеɫβϵײϡ죬ղûƿ
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࣬ңҲˣǽˮˮʹһʹΡüǻǲ
ʲôǾһʹˣʲôˣСҶʱˣ˴ؾֱӱ׷ɱǶɱкġˣҪһʹˡ
ȻҶʲԴһףɫĹΰס壬ȻҶŵЬҲС
㡭û뵽Ҷ˵־Ͷ֣ҶŪĻ
ˣеһһҶȥ˫᲻ϵȶиҶʳȥƺޱȣ·սһľģҶϵɫεֵסˣҶʻֱӳɻҶʣ
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Ҷһ¸ˣԺ죬ն㱻ҶʸˡǽŴѸٵ˹˵жôǿ־Ҳ˵жôǿĿ
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ðŨľԪûôëʧȥ˹󣬿ҶʶЩľϵʵ̫ˡҺԼƵģȻĻĶʳѰ
ˣ䡣ôסθеķھ˹Ƭ̵ĹʵѾһ׶࣬ٹòɶ򲻹Ҷˡ
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159 ͶԵ
ˣſҡҪˣΪҶˢ̫죬ѾҶһȽˣֻס
ӴвһҰҶˣɿ֣ѸٵץϣɿץϣڹϷˣŴ
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ҶûɿյĽȻΪˣٶȻǷǳģҪܣ׷Ҳʮֵ鷳
ھǩԼɡҶ˼ѾǱϵˣܶܲҶͻȻڣָԼô£ʱеԼ޵ġ
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ҲˣԴһֻ˵Ĺһͷɥġ
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ҶһֻݵҲȻǿˣһ޲óԼ⣬СħҲֱ֪ӶԶ˵
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ҶûһȺûϵˣһʱ䲻ʣǸûϷˣǡ
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СҶ䰡ôţƵĴܹε÷ġܲ͸ءһЦȴҶʡ
£ľˡƷ㰡սҲҪһֻɡҶʶɫŹ֣һ˫ء
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ȻʵǱϾǺ֣ϻǡҶЭģȻҶǩЭ顣ʱƺôһôǩЭ飬ȻһٸԸ⣬Ҷʵı²òˡ
ħöӡӡʹԺУԼˡ
Ҷ̲סˣţͶԵһ˸㣬ǳЬ˵ġ


160 
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Ȼһֱͦ׵ģʱҲǲ֪ʲôʱͶ㵽һ߹սս˲ܳҪĿţƨǱϾʶôˣ֪ڶԲҲΪΪ˾ȼ˲ġ
ǿðŨľ뾫Ѫ˶֪ѪˡȻû˵ʲôﶼšҶʴʻѣʹ۵С۵Ҳ˴һĺס
ҶʼŶʵĳŵʵҲ㲻ǳŵûǾ仰ҶܰﵽþԻԲẬˮֱ֡ӴԼĴͳһҩҶŨһ֡
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Ҷͳõһֺ֣γǣȻƽʱ໥ԷΪ֡ǣֻйϵõһĵزŻôϤ˭ͶԷԷ档Ȼͦݵģ˵ĿӣǶԼˣûû˵
ҶʼͳһѵҩΧΧ۵˶ϵſˮܴҵ˫۶ðСǣɵûʧȥǵȥǿҶʼ˵ĶҶǶôܻǹײ
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ôŨǶôǷǳˬ顣ȻͷһüĿɿڴ飬һȺƴظ߸ߵ޲ðΧĿȫ˶һ
ҶûΧȺķӳֱסǰգʽŨҺСҶʵĴ߻£ҺڿٵʵУ޲塣
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Ҳĵת˹һ


161 ʣûУ
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ףʲôطͻȻʲôһĹ۲ܡ
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Ҷʼ˵һʯ񣬻õĴУʶҶʵֵֹģֹѵ
Ŷצѵʶúܽ˵СǱˣһѯʡ
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ǣˡһ֪޲޲սսСĻشţҶʡ
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Ҷʲûʲô֮һŵһȥǺö춼ûлɽֳĶܴЩ켶ǿߵĴȴƬ
УҶʵ֪ɽϿ˵岽һСʮһǿΪѹƵϳ˴˲صĴۣòײŵĶ塣˶ȵѡôصɽϣ˿϶
ȷʵڶ˵ĴſھͲһɽȻѾ˰߰⼣˼ѵɱȷʵɽ֡ǽ̫ǿûܴ򿪣ֶݵôЭ飬ֺ˰졣ûƣɽˣһҡһֱţɽ¶ɼɽ¶ܸӦɭĽ
ʧһǿ֮˶ˣ׷ɽȥѰõ˲ٵı
ֱǰãشнʧˣһǿ߶ɽҶʼ˾ͳˡ
ЩЩɽЩǿߵŭֻƬƶϳģҶʾֳûжˡ
ҶһֻӦʶȻŶԼη壬ǲûĲӦ˵滰
ش𣬽ʧžʯ񱻴ƿշ˵ԭ


162 ҿʼ
ҶʱĿӦһ£Χʲôƻʲôѹȷʵʧˡ۾񲻶ϵı任һת
ԶһѵޣȫԺǸġ߸Ҫ͸һɽҵЩ켶ǿߣЩ޵ǵ󡣡ҶʴĶ˵Ȼתһɽϳȥ
ô׵ľˣ͸Ͻһȥ˻ʱ䳤ˣ΢һ֪ҶʵļƻϽ͵Ľһ
ΧȺڵʱˣе㲻׵ǸʲôҶʼ˵Ĳ٣֮ǰҶʾ˵ǰһͷ֪ʲô·ͺĴ񣬻вѡš
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ֻʣսѧԺһȺѧԺԭزɫѿǴͷħ꣬תɽϣԥ
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֮ȻãŮȻģǲ̣ǳ˺ˣˡߣɽȥ
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Ĵͷ˽һҲѸɽϳȥһҶʾҶʿ޾ҪɱƵá
ɽϵϢڵĻңһȺ˸ԼϢӵĻˣҶҪ׼ȷҳϼ˵ϢѶȼӴࡣֲȫתԪֳ󶯾Ͼ˵ǽƶʧˣǵǸʲôҲû˵壬һҪǲСĴʲôĽƿ޶ûеطȥ
̫ˣҺˣҶʶȵҶʵĸӦЩòڸǵԽԽˣҶЩ
Ҷһ㶣ҶЩˣôޡƽռûô˵иֻͲˣûܹҶܣûԸⴥҶʵùͷ
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ںһšԽԽ˳ڣһ£졣
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˿ٵĽӽΧվҶһͷôǡ
սþڸ˺ϳһĴ󺰺˵ĶԼѧԱܵΣգ¿ٵĸ˹
Ҷʣ㡣ҪֳʲôóͷǼ˻ǣǾ޷ˡս˸ովʶһɨȺвûзսѧԺһȺˣҪ뿪ȴͻȻҶʼˡ˶ΪҶʵĶ磬´ӵ۵ûк˵
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ףսһеĺ췢󺺷˾֮ŴãɫŹ֡
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˶Щѹ֣ŨŨĵǣҲ֪Ⱥǿֿܲܵס޴
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ȥɡ༸Ҳޱȵķ꣬û뵽Ĵ鷳
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Ⱥ˵УǵҶʾ͵ǵͷǵͷǵһȺˡ
ϲҶʵĶҶʱ΢ЦϲҶʵǰͷŤһߣ۲ΪҶȻǵԸʲô̬ȣֻҪǱҶʵǿϽƨƨߵȥ֪ͨһϢ˵
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ΪҶʴĻϢ˶û˺ɫܲסҶʼƤֶ࣬ʵҲࡣܻܲ˼ˣ˼ҪĴ𰸡
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Ҳ²Ҳã˼ӿ˽ŲɽϸȥǴڴϼ˵߲ŰȫȻƽʱ˶ϲڳߡϴεżС۵ʱѾļˣһʱһʱ


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ϼ˾ӵΧͷģͷɢң顣ƽʱȻɵӴྶͥҶʶſϾòŰѼ˸˳
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ŶġʱɽôȻ󡭡Ҷʼ˰ʱľĸһ顣
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Ҷʼ飬ԽԽϲüҡһƽɫԪУɢĽԣڵеĽҲԵ춯һȦεĲҶʵĵɢеĽ鲨ӵľҶʵƣֱҶʵСС
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ϼ˶Ŀɿڴææƴ˴죬ҶôһǵŬǵսûˡôĿţҶڣǳܰ
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Ҳ֪ԼдˣһȺѱޣ֡ȻԼҲǣǱƵĴڣΪҲǶôܴڶ޷ԣе޶֧ôһ
ǰɭܹ֮ݵͳ󲿷ֵޣʵҲ㲻ͳ졣ֻȰǲ뷨˵˳ôվͬһվϡͳһĿ꣬һΪ׷¶ѡ
ʱ߿Ҫڶһû湲ͬĹϵȻǲܵ顣˵ʵȻΪ֣ǳǿΪûʲôر֮رնܶ޶ϲʱ˵˻ɱߵͬ壬һ޿ͬΪ޵ķϣû侮ʯѾǺܲˡ
һֻС粻ͬӦþ˵ʵ硣в֪˶꣬Ӧвٵǿߡɻ˻ķɳֹסԾԾԵĺǡ
ڶɻˣŭֵս񣬻ǺĴϵ˶۾ЩֱһͷݣÿһֶŷǷáǴҲ룬ǰͷɻԵĳûܹסޣҲûԸɱȡϵĲϣΪֻҪϤɳǷǳֲġ
õǣǰͷɻⷽģ˼ҲԵĶ
ɻˣεİ࣬ǺĿġ
ǣҪǼСôܴʯСҵûаǸǳ
ǣݡôϲ࣬ҲеһԱ

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һȺڧԭδ⡣һǿ϶ҲסˣҪǻʱ䣬ص㣬һȺ˽¾ͺˡű˵Ǵ˵˵Ⱥ鼤ܵǸʲô顣浱ǰϵĴײˣоУξ˰
򾣬ڹ㣬浱˰ҿ綼ɱˣ͵ؼܿڴ˳ԡˣûбӹȻԷˡ
ЦһˣģǳԡʲôЦᶼЦˡ
ĸҵȻȻϡõûˡûǣǺģоûʹһʹɽǶҪΪַۡĲ֪ʲôطͳһڴһ˵ϡ
˶һ㶣ȻЦǹŹֵãֻħ⣬˵ʱľʹ⡣
ڳɹ˻սͦ˵ġİ仰սһ㶼ЦˡΪ˵оеʱָľ
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˶޻Ķţս﷢ëЩޡҪһЬװõĻ
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Ȼ޵Ҫֲʱ˺ˡȫƾϲãսԿ϶˵ҪڸһɱԼĻᣬǵġ
ˣΪǳֵһᡣĽǰòѴ֮ɱһͷ켶ѪʵýηսҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣһά򣬿ڹάʵģһӣȥ
Ŷͦôʮ׵ľͰһͷѪˡȻѪʲôѪǱϾͬ塣ҵҪһ¸µĸСȻһսô˵һͷ޴İ׻Ⱥվ˳
׻죬ͨ巢⣬ֱë˵Ĺ༫ѡ಻֮⣬ͷ׻ʵҲǲġѹ˵͸¶һ˿׿֮¶š
˵߱Էɱһֻ׻Щˡϲֱֱİ׻һ߾ЩջǲϲϲǵաͻȻԷɱһͷѪ׻סˡ


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ôҪսֵİæ˵ʵͷѪҼֱûмܵۿҪѪɱˡĶѾˣսְæҲնյɱѪһ֪սʲôע⡣
Ҳ⣬ս˵ıʵѻɱѪԼԴϡҲҲͷŪģͬһսϵġͷ鷳ҲӲܡôԿҲǲɵģսŲɵ͵ìܡҶҲսѪôսҲЩεġ
ս˵ȫƾϲõȻҲԵһҡ
ȫ׻һһ͵ĸһԴĽҡҡͷ׿׷˭˭ǵ뷨벻׸ɴͶɱˣͬվ˶档׻ɭȻɱޡ
׻ĻһɭȻɱϯȫΧҶѸٵķƮ˶Ĵ˸ÿµɱ
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Ҫ£˰׻Ļжðͷ˶սдˣʱҹѵģʱ䣬취ϢȥǿϲߡսѾŭޣƲǲʵʩˣΨһսˡ
׻һХŨԪɢϵĺɫƽӳϺɫƷɳһµɱս˹ȥ⻹꣬󳣳β͵תһһ˲ĻӰ˹ȥ
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ҲҲǲϳԿŻĹץס乥еһ϶ʱ䡣ƽצۿɼĵָͷ⴩תϸС˿쵶ɢŨҵķ֮
ָס˻βָĵڲϵĴиţҪѳĻβضϣһļǶԼĽѵ
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̰ɫâסβҡΣҵײţն
ȫǰ׻Ҳߣձƣβ˻ȥ
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˵׻ϷɳĺƣĴɱֱס޷սɱȫ漤ɱɱһͷͷİ׻ͼûɱ
սǱɱĹԶԶ˳ĻβȻǰ׻ĻΪսǵѪҪԪסҲΪսʵҪǿһЩսڵѧԺԺһӵϣǺ޸ַ緶ȷʵҪעһЩȻսǾвð׻չˡ


168 ǻ֣
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սҲܿ췢˲ԵĵطȻɱԼɲʲô˺ˣǳȥᱻĥС
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顱һ죬ͼӦѿ˺ƣ»ص˰׻ϣŨīƺ۱䵭ࡣǣ֮£׻³һѪɱϵĺע˾׻һġɱսɢ׻Ҳ˲˺
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׻ӵĳԾΪ඼ʵĻгġΪ£ûоٵս׻ôдҪһжлôĻɱǡ
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ŸʲôϽɱǡ׻ִ˰죬ȴûп֣ͬ״̬һ
ǻ֡սҲһȣԵ޷ˣܱ뷨ֱ
׻һȣһж뷨Ťͷ˹ȥ֮ǰݵĽ֡սǸӲȻҲǿûʲôĵطǵĶԻɱѪҲ԰׻ս
ս񿴵İ׻һղŰ׻һѾԲˣȫԸսӵܡ
ʱһϸβս񣬳˹ȥս󺧣еĵϮβ͡
Ķҡɺӣһδ֮ս񣬲սϢĻᡣ
ǰ߾Ǳһɵģô󵶺ݺݵϿһ¡սԵľǱ׻ĵòˣôõıĻᣬôܲúõء
̣սⲫСٶȿ죬ǿطϡ٣˵ûСսΪ࣬ǰĶ֪ٱ
սתȴûʲôõĻᣬǶȳβҲԷĶˡսʱʱĳ֣ߵ죬ڴ
ǳİ׻ֱӼ˺ɱ󡣰ΧУҪĨɱڳרĶԵеİ׻⣬βʶޣʱе
еɣ˽׵Ļ꣬ÿһ˶Ļ϶һƮƮôһ£Īܡϸ۲֮£Է֣ÿһƬλöЩ⣬ÿɱĹؼλáÿһ仨֮ľһģɱγһ󷨡
ս񣬰׻Ҳȫ˽ҵһ֣չսϼ˶û⣬ȫǿ޶ˡò岻ֵҶʵ΢ĵȺսǿߵ鲢ûзȻ޵ԶԶڳǿߡ
ȻҲǾԣıʵǵ׵ģ츳ҲǿĽǿɱ
󲿷ֶ˵ģǿ츳˵һԻЩ츳õϲԺ񰮵ĺޣ߰ǵȷ⽾ʱȻǲмֵ۵ΧŹ顣
ǾҲֹ̫ۡ͸¶ĸ߰ս⣬Ҷʵţһްܱǻԥɱȥȡսܵ޼ǿɱ


169 ӿӭս
ǴĲҶʼȫûսһСʣ£֪ôġ
ǿȫûʲô˼ȫ֣һǴ˼Ѫ޲öܹӡ
ļ׺ݸǿ˺ܴ鷳˹ǿ߶켶ģսನǿԺɵľͻⷽ水ڳĻ켶ǿֻٲ֣󲿷ֶ׵Ľ׵ΪֻҶһ׵ġҾҶ׵Ϊûа취ֵסּսನ
˵Ҫȫڳ࣬ǰָжġÿһιȫԸ޲ðȫԪһ֮¸ҳȥһɱУֻսನŪһ֮ʮ˸Сòˣ޶۸٣˻еǶͬ顣
ƽʱʲôͻֻҪʲôɱ֮֮ޣʱڶ޽ʱ򣬻ǰ˵һλ
ǿ߱ͷʹޱˣǰͺ̵ǶͷƤ顣ڼЩȫһģƴԪǿ룬ֻþвϣƴĻȺĹɾͼӴѹķѵԪӾ硣
𣬸ģȻ͵һһͷԭڹսͻȻŭСһ˫ĶҶ׼ȷ˵ǶؼͷϵСʡ
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Сʵĸڷɭеÿһ֪ġһϢͻȻʧˣ¾ˣȫ㳲ϵ˾ءҵĲǾʬǣƤˡǴŭȴûҵκεɭֶҵʱǲûɭȥҲûǰķҶʼˡʱҶʼˣС޵ȥϢΪҶʼɱ˾͵ū˵ķŭ
Ҷʼһͷû뵽Ȼôһ硣վԶսᱻ޸ϣֱҲǹ
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ʱӿҶʶӿȫһˡҶʵһμӿʱӿܺ˵˵ĸоһԶһͰڼΪżԭ򣬴ħɽʱӿ˵ĸоȫϸˡոɽӿ죬ӿһǱ
ڣӿչֵľȫϣǿʵΪĹԭӿΧ׳ĽɫΪ˼ϣҲ¶ǿʵ
ʶãҲĵĹĹ丸һתʱΧĶ١ǿֱ۵Ŀ䱾˵ΪʱûУΪֵһȻӣһŸﵽ֮˵ٰѾŸΪһﵽ豹档
˵ôϲɢɢģһû丸ӿ죬ƣѾСɣס
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˵磬ʵֻƶѡвûһ˿׵֮ȫɵ۽֯ɣһĪĴϡ˵ǿֲ쳣ס


170 
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ӿϵϵüëҲ΢΢壬ȻЩ鷳ҪûһЩֶΣӿôЩϱǿƽƽʸ
ҲӿʲôΧƵǻ˹һŭ˵ϵ䳤Ť˻ǵ硣ס˽ɫ磬ͬʱſĳХ
䡱һֱˣɫ⻯ɢתӿΧǲ
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ĺӣ㸸ĸˣһ㶣ȻĿ͵ĶС塣
Ҷʼ˶һ㶣ԵĶأսеӿ춼ʱѸתͷһۡ
СѾǩԼһһϵܣֵͨܡܹʮĸӦСģɻĶȻҪһ𰸡
ʾݸŤͷӿһû·ĵȻŶҶʼ˵û£İɡС˵а취Ӧܹᡣ
ϵСʲûҪȥ˼Ǵԭأһһϣѽѽ˵ЩʲôҲԵЩУСڼҵʲôɫ粻¶ɭȻɱ
һһ˵ĶͨԼ˶ʲô˼ԼͬĶءҲ˵һԲĶ
ôҡСȻڵеǶѾܹĸӦˣǿһҲ֪ͷ˵ɱĸסĸ׵иʵҲԸȸĸҪǵġž˼رҶʼ˶ЩëͨĸӦСʵĻ̵ĸҶʼˡ
ȻĿҶʼһۣȻЩĲǸ۾ɱѾʧӰˡ
࣬ǣ֮ǰçײˡǵΪҲʵ̫ˣ˵ʵСһҷǳĲ⡣϶ǣҪǣҲûа취ϣǺúõƴҪܵʲô˺
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Ҷʼ˱ЦСʽĲ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵˵ɱ˾ûһĲ١˵ıõĴиһֲᡣ
ģÿ죬״ȥҲ졣ڳҶʼ˶ûи׵ʱ򣬹ʼʩһɫ䣬κ޶ӵĿ¡ھĶȻͲҶʼˡںս׽ɱߡ
ȫעĶԸսõ͵Ϯ벻͵ϮľȻǼĶѡ׼߱˸ţƤģð̣ɢŨ㡣ʱޱȵĸлϲԸǿ壬ʲôŵϵ츳Ҫ幻ǿһ¾Ҫߵ
߼թսûзӦʱճԶսľ
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ľ㣬˭òҲ֪֪Ǹġ׽лˮõĲҶĴ֡ţ˫ѪһƬ
ˣȫ㲻״ȫ벻ʲôʱʲô׽Լ͸ӦԼͬϢʧģɵ˭ɵġ
ȻΪǿңǻҲ˵ʲô׽ΪԼͬ屨ʲôԵô߽䱸žǿв
һΪͬ屨ʲôԡͬĻԭⲻĻ㣬Ϊͬ屨ʲôԵģЦţԽƱ硣
ʵȫˣǰȫͲ֪顣ҲǹΪʲôͻȻ֮ͶԼôĵӣԣǶԼ嶼ܵӡ벻ףҶʼȴʮֵ˺ٺٵ͵Цţ׼Ϸ


171 һƬ
㲻˵ҪɱΪͬ屨ôˣɱͬǾһ塣ĿȷɱǾһˡ߻ش𣬽ŭĺţбһŭ跢й
ǲʲôᣬɱһͷ󣬸㲻ĸ·ˡ
װˣСһﶼˡͬע˻ûƿǵˡĸʳҪ͵ĸ׷ˣͬھһܵϵϢĸһٻԶӢ顣ֱҪ޵ĻˣŻװ޹Լ߼䲻˳ۡ
Ļһһݣ֪޷ˡԼ֮ǰΪɱԼͬһʱҲԼȫйޡЭûЧģѾĴ㣬ѾƵľ
ͬʱԭȺ׼Ҽ˵ߣȫವĳ˳뱻߾һȺ޷ˣȻб׺ݣɵԱ˵֡ºо֮£ᱻе޼ɵԡĻ䣬Ǿ͸е˷޵ɱ⣬ʴ˲˳
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λٰ꣬Ҫ֣ģƽ׵࿴Ц㶼˵ˣ͵ϮѾˣǰȺ߿Ҳ֪顣ҪǣǾһһҲôҶһҿ¾ô˰ɡһӰͣ˶ŵ˫С
Ҷʼ˶Цɻ˰аûڸҳͣľųȻλɻˡλ壬ԶԶĳ䱾Ϊ
ǣɻ˵ĲǲԣѾܵӦеĳͷ˰ɡƤһתԪٵ޸Լ˵壬һ߷˵
ɲǲһܹѹסǲ˵˾Ļ֮󣬳ԭڹս޶ǻ֮ǰս޶Ͻ˶֣˻ɵĿһȺߣֻº͵Ϯ
һĺ;һ߸ұ֤ЩļһһԼȺֵġ
棬죬˵ķݡֱӺǳߣһ㶼ûй˼档
һȫЩŭǲֻȻı첻
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ҶʼֱЦҲǺЦƴšֻ֪ΣҶʼ˵ѾǵμɻȰˡһλΪԼˡȫ½ѡһѺƽĻһɻĪˡ
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ұϾ壬Ҫ̫ˡ͵˴ˣ˵ϡٵӦˡÿһ崿ڶص壬ϲԵ־Ҫо֮¡ɻҲգϣܹ³ɼ
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඼һ㶣߿ӻҪ˰
ķͬȫٴδ˼ѪƵġƺڴʲô
ɭе򻮷ԣе޶˽ԿԽ򡣵һ⣬Ǿɻˣɳɭеκһ䡣ȻɻƽʱҲûôģ󲿷ʱ䶼ɭ־еһ㲻뿪
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˵ˣҪ֪Լ˱Ɒɵһı͵Ϯ̬ôȻôŶˣûˣȻ᲻顣Ҷ֣ҵҪʲôֵôҾĵطŭ죬侲
Ҫôе޶Щţڴŵǣ汲Ķ˵ɻжôô½ŭɻˣǳΪ˱꼰ĳ㡣ڴһܹɻˣɻ˵Ϊǳ
֣ȫŨĽ⣬ͬһɫɻˣȴǰӵĿ¡ΧоӰƣǰСеΧߵľ̾˺գ¶һڵķ϶ɻ˵ͷȥ
ɻ޾壬ûκεĻţҲж˼Ƶ΢ţһ˿ϸС߲ʻ׼ȷĽɫ硣
ϸСĻƴһܹ𣬵Ǿ˿ֵʱΧ¶ȴΧľֱȻɽ屻濾Ḷ́ŨˮɽбڳʡȻڵˮѸٵıɣлظе¶ȼߣΧһжЩŤ
ϸС߲ʻײ˽ɫ磬ƺǽɫƣһٻɢ硣ʵȴȫ෴Ӵ磬ͺƻǵ˸ɲݶ΢ĻѸٵİס磬ȻӶϡӰʧˣҲֹˡ˺նۣˡʲôû£ΨǼߵ¶Ŵһжʵġ
һ֮£СȫΪ֮ɻȴſһ¡ƺˮԷһ򵥣ͥŲ
Ȼɻ˹ޱȡֲ϶Ŀֲ֮ӡ崫УǧҪȥȻЩŵѹ䳬Ȼĵλһֻû޸ȥǡ
ǽȻҲߣȻܱԷסɻ˵Ŀ·˽ĺʤģ޹ʲô棬ֻɻ˺һս
˫Ǽɫ磬ͬʱɻ˳ȥͬʱڽʯĻ档׳ĺ֫һ棬һ˸ŨɫɭĺļݣƳǹһӵɻˡβǴŨĽ⣬ǽɳɻˡ
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ɻ˵˫һҫĹâȻĻӶ򡣴һĲҲɻʲôĶƺƴĹȫ߽ˣ˿Ĳûд
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ô¡ôɻʲôһˡһûжƨ¶ûС
ԣɻΧĿЩ֡
ѵɻ˶еʥ𣿡

˸ӵĳԾʥ𡣹˼壬ɻÿðĻ档ֻɫ͸ֻܹ۲ΧյĲŵƶϳ״
ֲֻ쳣Ƭգ󺣲ڻ£ഫֻɱǰ䣬ʹɻһ弱ļ٣塣
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˵ѣڶս˺޶ɻ˵ΧʮɷΧڣȷʵɶŤšǰ˻Ϊһ߲ʻչյԶţû뵽ۡҲֲֿ֤Ŀ֮ϢûκεĲ


173 
ֻ涼ĿˣԾˣ˲βϵʹһȻĶɻˡ
ܹ֪ȻҲܹ֪ɻ˵λȻԭ֮һΪһɻ˷񲻼ƺʱɻ˾ͻųʥȻɻҲҪеһķձɻ˷ǳĴױɱɻһ㶼ǰҵһȫĵطɻȻΣգǻкܴĻĻᡣս߾ûôˣᱻֱӷճޣβʣ
еļУ֪жͨ춯صǿߣΪɻ˷ȥɻˡǽԶ׼ģеͷɻ˻ڣЩսȴʲôۼûи¡
оһͷһ棬һΪͨ죬ֱǴ˵еĳʡһվذʯȺˡհɻ˵ľɻûбĻǾʵûлָɻ˱Ͼǻͷΰ棬ȴֱˡҲǽɻΧֳʥ˳ԾԵˣβϵʹݵˡ
ϴʱҶѣѾ͸Ļ档ɹڵİˡɻ˵ͷֱԲ䣬ʵǿı֣ûһ˿ļɵ
䡣ӣ˲ʣǲòЭˡ
ҵģ˫һΣɻֲλ浹תȫջڡ
ãͬ⡣ɻһĺ˵ûΪԼǿѹԼһһ壬ﻹʡֲĿŵΥɻ˵ĻֻõͷӦ
ɻŵǲԼ˺һģɻչֳ˾Եʵ֮ҪǻҵΥǲ¸ңʺ
ھһ˲ʵЭ֮һҲǳһղǲǼٵģĶҪᵽɤˡ
Ҷʼһ㶣ɻ˵ʵû˵ƢʯǰҪ̬ȼҪԼˣӦܹ쵽顣ô̬ȷȻͻȻȴأ
Ҷʼ뷨󲿷ֵҲ֣ɻ̬ȷҪҶʼˣôǱԼޱˣҶʼӽʯСɻ˰һɻԳУֻҪʵ쵽飬ֻҪ˵˾;ԻҶʼ˺˵һգʱֻɻ֪
Ϊɻ˵ͻȻ֣һսսֹڲǲҶһˣǰɻ˻վ˵ڶ޶Բ׼ɻ˵뷨ʴȻɻѾƣȴûһͷ޸Ҷ嶯ֵġ
ɲһЩȻ֮ǰɻ˺ͽսȡͰ׻Ҳͣˣ˫ĲԶ֮ǰ׻ǵۿʽԼһˣرϲҲʲôϵзˡ
Ű׻ע⣬ƺݺݵľ˰׻ࡣ߹ǶĶ˼ȥ˺
׻һֱûзһšû뵽ǿôĵ죬ѵͲɻ˶ô׻ûԪΪɻԼûĻ
ȻҪǰ׻֪ƽ¼ĻͲôˡ鷳ǣ˵Ҳڶתܣʲôİ׻ġ
Ҫ֪·Ļ׻ǱɻҲԪԱǲԪҲҪԶԶġ
׻ʹŭٵתԪ޸塣һߵֵĹһߵˡʱʱɨɻˣɻ˸ûʲôȲ֧ҲԣûгְκһĴ㣬ҲûгֹĴ㡣
׻ûô󵨣˵ǲ֪ηҲ˵Ǹûаκε˺·ϣ²ô˼ɡ
׻й˼ɣĲҽⷴǼ˰׻ԣ˫Ѫ֮£ʲôܲˣֻҪǰɱ
ˣèŶո޹ʵңô뿪ˡô⣬µѧѣôܾô뿪ˡۼ׻ƵóȫǸ֮ǰ׻֣ȻҲǴʹ죬Ŵ˼ҲЩġ
࣬Ȼ޳ܵһһ͵Ϯҡҽɱ㡣׻˻ţ˫ðĺⶼҪΪʵʡ
תۼһһɱһΪȳռȻ춼ǽ׵Ļ꣬춼ǰƮƮѰ׻Χм䡣
׻ŭ֮³˺֣ϺƮ͸¶ЩѪ⡣ԼһɱС


174 Ҳ
˶ĵսľֱޱȣ׻֮Ҳѷɫ١ٶԼ׺ݵķ棬
µԾǻУɱԼһУֱɱɱԼ
׻ǲƺˣɱеĵ۶˹һѰѾɱϵɱһһǲʱûɱ׻ҲɱҴܡ
Ҳһֱ̫ˡΪռȻԼܺܺõѹס׻û뵽׻Ȼƽˡ
һһҪֵԷĹҪʱ޿̶Ԫֿɱɱ׻Ϯ׻ͨ巢⣬һβ趯ܲ͸硣צҫ۵Ĺ󣬲ʱ
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ۼɻ˲ûֹǰֵȫ֮ǰûгֵ޶һԾԾԵӡ
һжɻ˿֪һֱѹҲǸ취˫ôһЩͷҲ֪ԷĿ¡ͨһеɻ˿ˣǲֳʤǲĵˡɣճֵҲǡǸղûгֵĶ߰ɡ
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ѾˣζԺͬһƬ£Ҫì̫ǾͲˡ˫ûгԿǲ֪Էģ˵һսҡСֵĺཻս˫֪ԷĿ£ȻǵĿڴȥ˫ЩɵȻСĦǱⲻ˵ģܹо֮Ĵս
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һߵʱĿĶһ壬վûж֡۲Ϊת৵һˡһȺεߣҲǣҲǡ
ĹϵȫˣȻɵɻ˵ʵûжǳ֡ѱ̲סºֵޣʱǶˣɻҲΪǡɻɱ˳ֵޣǶѾˣҲûʲô塣ֻһᣬȻֱǷֵԼȥһطˡƤһ߿ٵ޸壬һ߿ڷţÿ¡
Щࡣǽ̵С˵ЩþһֱӺǶ
ǣʵ̫ɺˡҪûǵ⣬ƨС֪Щʲôںȫͱ
ҿ˵Ŀģ͵ʳ̵ֲǵ˶ˣǻҽʲôŪǷǡ
Ҫǡ
һȺСţҶʼ˵ĿҲԽԽɭӵĲ⣬Ƕżˡ

Ǽͷ治ǸҿֹĶ벻⡣һֻڹ۲ߵĶ򣬴ʱͻȻ˵
ɲǣûǿǵֵֹôǶɱģ۾̫Сˣûʣ÷ֱ氡رԹߵ۾Сü˶һͷĺߡ
˵ҷߺϹӵһŵ㡣ŵһЦ
Ŷô˵ָ㡣սҲȤ׷š
ȫͿ˼Цĸ˴𰸣˶ݷ

磬ȺСӣСǡ
С֣һֻվ⣬ôһȺֻҪǲϹӣ綼ˡõ˵
԰硣ǿǵޱȣ˵ЦģȡЦǰ
ʲô׳գô˵

һȺĿⲻΣ׺ݵõҶʼˡҶʼҲһȺҴϵ˾ߣҲ޾壬׺ĵŴ۾ĶһȺߡ
ҲͿ߲˳ˣȺιĶҪɱԼˣҪǻкɫǲ˹ˡ
Ҷʼ˺Ⱥ߶ɱˣȡƤЬӣڿ㰡ʲôĶԡȻֻ룬ǰҶʼܹսʤߵʵ
˵߰죬ôƣʲôתͷһӿһֱվڼ˵ߣûȻΪʲôǵĴڡ
ҶʺٺһЦӴڴͰͰ͵ģͳһڵĴꪣŵڹ⣬ܲƺۡҶעһ˿ԪϢ˳Ȼôһ˿ߵϢ


175 
ҶЦĺֵʱһȺ߾ЩĪĶͿΪʲôҪҶͿϻҪи˶Цģ㲻Ҳŵô
ȻҶûʧ˵ǴĳǵΪҶͳЩʲôֵĶû뵽Ҷֱͳ꪿ͦġҲҶͦ˳ֵġǣƵһϢô¡
һȺȫɫ䡣˸ŵߣ˿ٴθӦ֮ǰת˲ŵһߵϢһ㶣û뵽Ҷʼ˵ϲšΪ׵ȻΪǿ󣬵ҲǱΪ׵߲ôһ߶ѡԵͷܸӦҲܸӦ
ҶͶʱ˾Ѿ뵽ˣû뵽ҶľôӳˡȻǿǰԸӿ죬ǲò˵һҶʵĵ󡣾ӿ쿴ҶͳĶҲüͷֲɵ֪Ҷͳʲô
ӴˣһȺ߽Ť壬˫Ѫ죬˻˻ӡ˻˻ڶȻ󣬵Ǽߴ͸˶
㣡綼뵽ˣһŸոճҸϵϢɢֳʱ򣬸ûʲôǿߵĴ򶷼ҲֻǼȾͼһ壬Ҳֻл֡߷ŭˣобϷˣζ
档ɲ˵ʲôǼµ֣ǿɴʼնûж֡ԼġҶʸڷϵԡʺӿɲҿۣڹɲұ
ǣôܣɶôҲԣʵôСôɱǵˡһʲôɵķڲ˼˵ôʸڷϡޱȿ϶˵ҲֻҶʼ˵ʵʵ̫Сˡǿ߸ͲΪҶʼʲôвߵķƣ̸ʲôɱ
ҪɱһʲôóϵġҪһҪ˵ʲôɵķ㶼϶ˣǻʲô˵ġóչʾ¡Ҷһת
ʵҶҲǱôģҪܱĻҲԸǵôݵһ塣Ҫʱʱ̵̿Ķôһʲôϵ嶢ˣСļ˲֪ʲôʱ򱻶Էɱˣ֪ΪʲôһȺԼ˵ޱǿôϣǻԲ˯ŵġҪǣЩһʼĪļǺԼˣȻڼɵΧͬǿû̶֡
ǣ˭֪ʲôʱأ˭ܱ֤ĲԼ˳ˡ
Ҷѡڴ˿̰ѻҲڴ˿̾ͼŭһڡھܹŭǷǳģǲһе̶֣òˡһն壬һرû˺ǲɵġҪ֣ǳܾͻǿ߳ӵº֡
ӿԭزϼ˶ߴ߰ѶԵҶʼȻҶʵĴ㡣Ƕϳɾ˵֮ǰҶʼ˽ɭеľʱ򣬾Ѿӵ̵ݡʱҶŶԷв׵ĵ
ҶڹԷǲû롣ȻڵһȺǿߣﻹЩëǱ˵ôһ˿˷ܣʵ̫̼ˡҶʻ죬ûӰ
ô˵ˣڼ֮͸ǵôСҶӣ̰ɡڵţԼѵܲƵƤһһڵı˳˵ϡ
ԣôƤ㻹䱦һͬ涪ҵƤЬ׾ͿҲﵽƤļˡһĵĿšеĴ΢΢⣬Ƥı߽Ǵ˼£մȾŨߵϢ
ϸĻѿȻ󣬵ÿͳ¶ڴĲ֣Ƥı߽ǴҶ߽ǻĲֱ֡Ӿͱǰһ˵ˣֻʣһԼӲĳǣʲôƤͳҶʾϰۼףиʱǸȥϵĶϢȽŨȻڴдǶصϢ
СӣɱģҵҲɱģȻ޻ҵˣ߾˵Ķͱʵǲſ˰죬ͻȻѣȵ
Ͻ˱¶ľۼףҲҶʹ⼤˴еϢû巢쳣


176 ߷ŭ
ߣҪҽҲһЩһİɡȻ֪㼱ڰ͵Ϯɱ˾ʵҲ˵һЩ׵ĺòá⼸Сޱ˵ɱˣǾɱҲûа취ο˵Ļӵףɱ˾ɱߡȻ֪һǺСǻڳ߰ɡĪߵİ׶ſһϣԾеҲʱ̵ĹעΧһУɻ˴˴󲿶ӣݲûй˼ɵˡΧһжǵĸӦУһ˵ǴţԲųϷߡ
ڶҲһЦֱ̫ЦˣΪѵЦˡǵЩΧ׷Ҷʼ˵¼еҶʼȻûж֣ǻչ¶˲ֵʵȻ磬˵Ҳ㲻Ҷʶ˵ͺñϱ֮ô죬ͷٴܷŵô
˵ǲţмʶҶҲôšҶǶһ˵ġҶǻ鷳ʵǣǳʲô춯صĴ˵ɱǶǿľߣ켶ǿվǣ΢΢תԪ壬ҲҶʼܺĸ˵ɱˡ
һҶǳš߶Ҷʼ˵ĳ޳̶ȣҶʼʲô顣飬ǡһȺ߷ǳ⣬˼ŭߣߵıࡣҵǹ׾ӵġ
˵˲ţͷߵ˶ЩšҶСΪܻɱԼͬ׵ˣߺòãǺֺòãǿòãǲʲô򾰡òáһթǶЩ˼ˣȻƽʱûٸ˵飬ǽ黹ǵһⲻ˰Լ˵һǧ˰ٰľС
֪ǱɵˣԼ˹˲ˣԼԼŪɵˡ˶ŵ飬ԼΪˣֱЩԼƶˡ
˵˻ţڹ⣬Ҷʼ˳
ӿȻݲ߷Χ֮ڣɱȥ
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Ȼӿ֮ûȡʵԵЧѾ˳ԾˡҪֻ֪һǿһֱ֣ĿǰֻѾĪˡȵʲôӣǾһĴɾֻǶôĿ¡
Ҫǣֻ֮Ǹ幦һ֡κεĹΪעشԼΪؼΨһҲ˵ӿ컹ûȫ֣ѽ׵ܣҪӿսֲ֪Ǹʲôӡ
ǻŸʲôϡ֮һߴЩ
ҲѹȻҲǰʱһϵģȻͷǼȻһսϣͲܿԼçײȥȻ˳֣Ҫ٣ҪƲȥ֪ᷢʲô顣
һȺߣʮʱȫһƲεͷߣضǧһͬ档
һʮһͷǶʮһڵĿµڹڹеĹߣʮһڹ⣬ض
ƵڵдţԵøҫۡٵĳ嵽һ𣬶ݵĺһϲӴ󣬸ҫ۵ſ³һ߲ʵԪԪһţֻȭͷС³֮ѸٵĻˡһ壬أƻӿΧֻӰЩЩ͸
һȭͷС߲Ԫʮһͨħһڹʵ̫Сˡ
˶ӿдˣҪǰԪпܡǾĿǰȻǵֵ˵ġȻ޶һٰıͣ޵ͷȷʵʵʵڵġ


177 ǿ
˵һҪЩǱȽռơҪһǣ߼ΪŽᣬҲڷ˱ɱ˵ԭһΪ벻ףΪʲôթ߻˵Žᣬ˵ͬ塣ֱǺǵ·ȫΥġ
벻ףʵˮů֪ǿᣬģڴҶСʱȷʵռ˴ˡΪļп֪ҺǵҪԶԶĳޣ˵ӴȺһ˿ԱأҪ뱣ܶŽšһɡ
ҲӦΪǵŽᣬȻǣҲòɵǡ˴һһģȺߴܣҲһһġһȺһҪӦΪսʽ˲֪ٴˡ
˼ʱʮһڹ߲ʵԪţӴһ𡣺ˮݵԪڽ֯ţڶԪҵĲš
ꡱꡱڶǾĴˡ߲ʵԪϳһѺۣϹâԵİһЩաꡱһ죬Ԫǳܲˣ˿
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찡Ȼסˡ
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廹ǿ߶Ī׷׵ɻ˱Ƚϡɻ˳ֺٹأ˶óһۣǲɻˣҲ˶١
ࣵһ죬պϵͻȻˣһƴִڹⶴ˴ʼûƶһӿ졣ӿ֪һһӲӵʳָڹ⡣
һɵڹͻȻɢ˸ϸСʮһ̣Ȼĥ˲١ҲͻȻģ˭뵽ռĹܹ͸߱˵ܡ
ӿȻҲûϵüͷ΢壬Ѿȫġ֪ΪΧԭʲôʱԣĴܵӿǰβ򣬻һƵĹܡ
ʮһڹƹ棬죬ʮһˮĲƣȻʧˡ
нƶƵıֱ۾ȫ¶ˡ϶ʮһ׺ۣ𡣲۾ûôˣʮһڹ⻮ãźơ
ˡӿƽ˵һ䣬ûӦΪʲôϵı仯΢΢ӢüͷǱ¶Ըղŵıֲ⡣
㡭ߴŭоյӣӿŵĺȫһЦ
Ҫ̫ˣͽӲǵĹ㻹ǵһҴɻˣҪɵǼ֣ҵȡȺɢ¶˱ȺΧмһߡ
ȫЩҰףԪҶһ㶣ǹӿǱһֻǵ˹ûл֣ӡôһôңֱǱΧŹһ
ţӿͻȻһֵĵطֱϵĺƣӿҲûر⣬ֻߵĶعˡӿתȥŬ˰죬ָûκεáһ˿ĺΪСǰȽϻǱӿһǻ˲𣬾ҵȼ
ϸСĺѸٵ׳ˣ˳¶ƤֱڡֱѸٵȡԪװţȻֱۡ
ֱѸٵıڣȻʧȥ
֪˰ɡһе߶ɵܶɱο㡣ȻҲȫķڳ߶ȻҪԼҲֵáеȻޱȣЦĺܿģǹ͸¶˶ܲס
ɡӿԴһԼ࣬ƽռԴ˵ĸоȫͬ
ʲô߶ܶɱ߶ؼһֲ涾
ɲǣ߶һصܶɱһ׹
ʲôص㣿
޽⣡
˶ȻЩϲЩϧ


178 Ե
ﱧϲ̬Ҫռڳȫʹ󲿷塣ǲͬϵϲӦõġΪӿǿƱĿõģ޶ޱȵļɵͲӿܹ糬ϾôһվڶĶ֣û˻Ὺĵġ
ΪʲôɵǾʹˣΪＵʣġκԼ޵Уʵȴû츳ֻϣԼĶȥز۵ֻҪԼͷûˣûѹԼһͷԼҲµһôҲǾԻһϲǾΪӿٵЩìˣôģǴġӿȻƽô˶֣˭ܵȥȻֵĴ࣬ÿһγֶܹ𾪡Ȼ֣ǾͿ϶ĻһЩˣһЩ˵ļǺޡ
Ȼһ˵ôҲ޵ģԱ˳û¸ɵĲŻȥˡӿôĵˣҲûгԱ˲ʱ򣬵ıϾٲǵˡԻвΪǿߣӿϧһˣδעܿǿߣֻҪ˳ȥעʷŨīزһʵ˾Ҫô˵ǰ̲ס̾ϧ
ãԼӦ֪ϼ˾ҪƴŰôһǹҲҪæƵãӿ˵һ˴󾪵Ļ
ӿ仰һԭ׼Ϸﲻˡ£ӿȻɫôÿұҲʵʵڵںһƬӿʱ˿̻ܷǳƶ˵ԼӦĻǲ֪ηǾ뵱ĵӿݵλҪΪ˵֪߶ǲܵģһȻͿųˡ
Ǿӿһеĵˣ˶šԸĳҲԸӿܹ߶ΪܹʩȻδܴɣӿҲԶԶּ̧ǳʱ䵹ǲ˵ӿô˲ţҲԸš
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Ц浱ˡԼ̫ԸǹڲһˡӣЦЦ
ԸҲãҲգԹ֪ɣʶʶҵֺˡӿؿڴһ˿ҫ۵˼µĹࡣ
ҫ۵ĹâǴ͸ģ⡣ӿľѪұۣӵĺͱѹסˡȻ޷ȴֹͣ˼ӡ
ͬһʱΧɶŵļԵ֮ٵŤӿұϣֱеĹâ߶ľΪʼطţΧƵĲ˺üȦ֮ļ룬ǺԵ˺ЩЩļָɫ
ϣͷ쿴ЩŵȻ֪ӿʲô취ڵ˿ϸСĹâܿס߶ֻҪʱ䣬˵ľܹ˵ɲʲôϢҪ߶ʧЧˣ˳ȥǵĺ³ǿģû˱Ļ˭ءĲ˵ط¶߲ȥ˰ɡ߽ˣҪһеɱӿ죬Ϊ˲ǿ߶ķȥ
ۼһɢӿ޾塣ұϵڿգǣӿֱҲ΢΢̧֮βεİӿұϣɲڿգȻƳһĻߣ³ȥѳʮһ߶СȻǱϾûй̶ģʱɢ˴˽һӿһ֣ȻҪͬʱԿʮһߵĹ
Ϊεӿսһ־סˡĲ˵ݴ򶨣ȻױȵžͲò˾̾İо
иֳһѰѽɫĵǵص飬Ⱥȥ߱ϾռƣȥԸ˵ͲʵֻԸһͻĴƻ
Ȼڷɢ߸Ͳ˿ĵӿ뷨֣Ȼɢûм֣Ǵ⣬񽣳ǵأɱء


179 ߻
һȺͨ巢⣬βŤһ䶯ŵԭصתš
ĵһӴͱжˣȻ򵱵죬ǸûжʵԵ˺ת߱ͼỬ壬ûκε㣬ѸٱжڲͣѡǵصĵҲͲͬһطıʮһƽ̯
ǵصĵչ޵ģԭŤһתͣͻȻɢʮһߴʮһڹ⣬ӿ죬ÿһѡȡĵطͬһӿе·ͷâû˻ỳֻҪһӴӿ죬͸ǰ͸Ĵ󶴡
ӿüֱֻһߡǻ߳˹ӿ֪Ѫ֮ȥӲȻѿӿˣһˡҺҶʼ綼ӿʱԶԶˣȻʱıǣ˽ȥˡ
һáӿҶһУȻ˵ǽ裬ǸǴкҶеĴ΢𣬲ܿƵַɳӿõεץС
ҶеĴꪱͲ⣬һڳǹһҶʵʱӿѾˡ˴˵Ҷ߳ǣ䱾Ĳʸһ¥
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һ߹޹˵ˡ۱Χӿ죬Ȼһʼ˰㣬ԽսԽ£дԽˣԽ˳֡
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߾Ŀע£һһڵͬ飬ӵһһûκεж˼Ҳκκµ¶෴һʥ࣬ȻЩϡ
ȫֱͬ𣬴ڵĴϢţǰⷬΪûǿʵĲС
ͻȻߵҵŤӾǰ̽˶ʮһھҵ߶Ӹ߸ߵĹȫദ͹𣬶ŵı״ԵĸӦÿһʹŤھͻᱻեȡֵԪɢȫߵϢͱǿʢһЩ
һҵĲ˰ʮһΣ಻ٸպôž֮ҲʮһεЩͱŵ˿
ƽٴֱ췢һ˻𣬲ӵ˻˻Ǹ߿֮߷Щı仯Ĵطھҵ䶯ţֻצӡг룬ҲһЩ仯˺צһӵĴڡҪͷһںĳǣ¹ǣ˶滯ˡ
Ѿ۾г˷ܣ۾ĬĬĸ£ڱӿǰδеǿ󣬴ʱ̣ᵽؼĴΧΧɶһһֱ׷ŵ״̬ôĿѯԼ
ûй˷ʱ䣬߻Ƿֵ״ģ»дҪҶʼ˵ûɱйͷ֮ޣݲĿǡ


180 Ѳ
צЩһﻹǵݰҶĿһĻ̲סͷеĸ̾
ݣǸ߿ԼһֱԼ𣬰˸ӶŵĹϵûһ˿ѪЩ涼ǣοǡצſҶʵļͷһĲм
צʴʣСһĲģСһţһϸСĵ绡׼ȷʡʵڲô㲻ϣöҲ
ӴǣѼӶˡڿ˵߹󣬵ôûϿôһ˿ĸ߹ءҿ㵹ǺǼһڵͦİ㿴ڵĪһġҶʲģڿʡ
˵Ҳһ˿Լٿ˿˴󲿷ߡȻƤޱȣǲòϣڵȷʵҪࡣûģ뵽ֻĴ߶߶ģҲʲôû
ʱ˵Ŀ߶ˡǲһֱˡǰצһӣһƥӿһâֱӿ졣
ӿδұϵڶƥɱһƥɢȥӿֱϵ֮Ҳٴεıɢòײһ
ʱܹԪˣǸΪõϢȻ֮ǰ߾ŲΪκصơ߿һĿֲԪǷӲսҲܹԪйǸǿԼ壬ʵϻǿ˵սһشԪڹ
ʱͬ壬𻯳ȻܹشˡҶԷĴ˵ľ޴ҲԵı仯˶˴Ĵۻ˴ı仯ǻһܵԪսı仯
ȻûʧǰһȺ߶裬Ŵζӿˡ
鷢չزɱҶʼйѾҪˡǰһҪɱҶʼˣΪǸǳ򵥵飬򵥵þͺ̽ȡ˳־ܹ飬û뵱ôĸӣһҪ֪ҶôɱĻ綼Ťͷˡ
Ǵʱ߲ߣΪ˱Ҷʸ顣ӿ첻֪ʲôʺˣ֪Щʲô취Ȼܹסһ߱񶾡ȻֻǺһСƣҲǲܹܵģһҪǷӿ죬뿪ˣº϶ܹǿƵİ취˵ǴĲġ
ǰɱӿһ𣬳ֺ飬Ҫӿ˺צ¡
Ҫ߷ǳչӿ˵֣ķҲ󲿷ӿҰ塣ȻҪӿʱ˵ʱ䣬ѶԷ󻯡
ȻʧˣȻұ۲ܶұ֮ȴܹ硣Ĳ񻰣öΪֱ۹ԭûа취飬ʵ嵫ȴʵܹɵ
ȻѾ߱ԵĴǷצӸǳץӿҰ塣ÿһȫԸǳצתжҪץӿİ塣
֮Լǿ쳣ܺܺõסߵĹҽġеĴꪣҲգصնߵצϣһĲ
ʱ߲νǿ󣬼˶е޵ӿҲ˿ĲѷɫӿȻԵǹľ˵ĶĤۡǾû˵һ˿һ
һֱצ̽ӿꪾҡ̽צӣĺ󳷣ͬһʱһֻеצεץס˴ꪡӿ˼Σû
ӿü׼ȫߵʱо״ץסꪱ»һֱ˴ꪵжϲٴץǰһ΢΢࿪ұꪡϡһ죬Ȼߵİ
ԭǻʹüıץסӿеӿжݵ񣬹ϵĳˡֳһŽɵͨ
ɵͬлɱ䣬ȻⲢɣȻܰͬٴηֻ䶯һѪѸٵߣ̽Ҫ˺ҧӿжҰ
ֹʵЩ졣ܽг׵ɱ䣬ıߵıʡԵоȻķֻڶûзʱ͵ϮֱЩʤҪӿһֱ˾裬ǹ˵ֱղһ»ľߵĵˡ


181 ˵
˼µʽûȡʲôЧҲգľûκεĲ෴ĻŵͣҪǾˣ߶ҪԼˣȻƵĵز
ӿס˵߼϶ദ̵͹䶯һֻϰߴðǴڳһð߲಻٣ʮպǱ̽
ÿһֻϰй⻪ʮһĸӵŸԵ˼άֻطһ塣Ϊ˲٣˲ֶͨʵͲ˵ˣϾʮһһȻʵһС̨ףȴʧȥ鶯ϵơ
Ȼ˶ֻ֪ĿǰıߴռϷˣʼѹӿһ
ͷ߰ϵƷӵ˼£ճӿ죬צӲϵӿĻÿһɽʯܡӿ컢ǻĻǱϾǰͷռλߴĽڽڵˡ
һͨҲܱ˴˵ĸӦԷ˼൱ҲһȴԵ˼롣ӱϻظӲðϵõˮ©һػӿȥͨӦشɴ۳ɵӿȥ
ӿȻ£ǱϾһһ˼룬ͬһʱҲòٵԪطйʱûϵĲ㣬κ˺޶߱ơ
嶼ͬһʱתһطͬһʱطҲơʱȴͬʱתʮʮһЩطôһ˭ܵ˵ġȻ˵ҲӿԪģ˭ܳŵԪľء
ӿԽԽ϶˲ٵĿӣ˶ദжദĺ׽ڡȻڿ֧ţȴһֱûпڽа֡
ϸĲۼ˿Է֣ӿȻģңвûлǷϡһѴϹâԽԽǿңȻͬͣǶ̺ӴԪĴɵģӿ챾ûжٵԪˡ
Ŷ׼עһôҲɵӣһֱӿŵдӿӱð͵Ϯ֮󣬾һֱһ顣һߴ򶷣һеĴԪΪӿķģԪУ߿³׵֮ҡ
ûйãԵķ֣ϵߵĹԵļӳˣ֮ǰһǵˡǼϢʱ䣬ʮ߲ŷһι
ΪӿеĴԽԽֲΪ߲òԪ֮Կܹ߻ӻľ֮١ʣʮ߲Ԫóı幥ӿеĴꪳĽһǿצֹǵôһġ
ӿߵսѾ˰Ȼ㣬Χսȵֹͣˣ±䲨
һӿ죬ʵǾʣı֡սʱһһǿԵĿ̾
һڣ˲ܻʲô˼òӿľޡԼĹΪһ㣬óɢĶֺԼӲƴоͻ˶ֵıɱѶǣԼóսʽС
Ȼ˵Ǽ򵥣ܶ˶뵽ˣȴûа취ӿȥǲᣬǲҡҪ֪ȻѶԼĽУԼܲܳŵǸʱǸδ֪ȶԼǷǳģӴԪеķͻԱֿըĹʽԲעΣաԪͱҪ漰˼ֵĹˡ
Ҳˣ˶տڣ
Χε룬ʱӿֻĹ
ڴꪶʧˣӿгһɫС̫һߣӿʣ޼ԪһԾ˾롣ͬһʱ䣬еĿĴɳ߷ȥ
һʯ쾪ʱֹͣˣռˡеһжʧˣڳɵежֻһǰеĴꪡ
žҵ䶯ǰһǰһɫݣצɼ˲֪ٱ߲ʵƣ߳ȥ
ϾȻǷˡ
ʵʵʡɢϣޱȵŨֱͷҪϡҪۿӿԪĻ˭Ǽٵġ


182 
죬϶ϣһݻֵ쾡¡˶жĤݵĳ嶯Ϊͳһʰȱ
ɣûһӡһŵģһٵġһվǸӡһվֱڸĨڡҶ˼վһˡҶǿǷ𾴣ϷʡְѼͷʳһԣһ˼ǿ˵Ļ
УһˡʰȵҲģʲôֵġξȻûз˷ۣҲûмȥҶʵļͷŵ˼
ɫٶȲףڿлһɫ磬ֱȡһʮһͷ߶ȥ
Ϊ׵ͷ߾嵽˼㣬ɫǻûɵģȴȴŽܵѹƣ˿˲ֵͷУͱ˵ĿȫһˡһѪȻıϵĿ־Ӻζ
Ŀսʤͬ壬ԱѡŲкβס
ͷðʮһͷ­ȫǰ壬ǰʮӵи˼άĿ⾪ֻ֣аصͣƴŤҪпơ
㲻ͬô
ſſǡ쵰Ҫһᡣ
ſȻݹǷ

е߶ͣкֹ߿־壬ս鶼Щ¡ǰͬ廹ͬģȻǵ£Ϊͬ廹վվһսߡҶľİæΪôͷսʤӿʱһʩչطʹΣգˣȻԥĳͬ塣˶ĺޱȣҪôµŤĳ顣
ۿԽԽ߶һȫݣ͡͡͡ڶ߻һŵѪȻƴһΪ뱾Դ壬ȥϵ
ܹоѳһɫ԰ףľ޴󣬵ȴΪǰڳϡޱȵ߱񶾣Ѿ˲ٱԴڼǰһֵĹѾǿ֮ĩ
ͷߵȴûжٵĿ־˵Ǳض顣ʱһݣƴԻٱԴѳȥɥʧͷЩƲס塣ץסݼŵĻᣬʩųԼýɫ׽ȻŤͷЦΧŻߺݺݵĲ˼Ȧ
һֵ˼µĴдаŵԹ˵ͷƤ顣
ɫ磬αͷ룬һƲ˺ִβɫʧˣϽɢȥ¶ڵϵһ˵ϣ
ǱһΪʧ׵İȥ˸͸
ԶһٵĿһЩû˿Ĳתʣ޼Ԫ˿ڴ⻪³һβ͡ķ˱ԴϼˡһΪʮ֮ȥţ治ʣµһ˵һʵ»
ҶʰԹһ£ӦܹһսˡԺЩʲôҶʶߵĿͲϵ˸涯ȥһ۵Ĵ㡣
ԪˣӾĹ۲Χ˻޳û١ǰͬ׵ǿĿ˸ղŵһУûжֵ˼ȴ˸˸Ҷʣս߶ʱԶߵ˼
ߣһͷߵϣһͷһͳ˳ȥҲӽһҲٵƿոϡ˴˼䶼һļ϶ͬ͵ϮһУ˶ףָܻʵҲǰˡ˼϶ô޲ġ
ʱһֱĴһɫٳߵһңҵһöɫߵſٷɻأҧƵӿںڵұϡ
ɫҺԶӣ˼άһס߶ƵֱۡȻۿɼһ˿˿ĺֱðҺס̵ɫЩǱֱɫıǳظ
ƬӵĹ̵ɫˣֱۻظںڡǴڲ䵽ⲿȫ߶ĵҺʧȥãӿֱϻ䣬һһεĵ˵ϣһСˮӡ
֮ͨǰ˵ĶԻ֪ǰǰӣԼ˵ĸסǰôҵ˰ٰĲԸ⣬ǰٰ⣬ôһ̫ϻڣ˭۸ء
ԽԽδһƬԼȫʢʱڶҪȻȻĴ˳ˮƨ


183 ƽ
ֻ߶͵ȵģڳҺǴɵľ粻֪˶ҲûƴߵǺõġȵˣʱڳĶҺȫ޽ˡȡߵֻܶݵѹƶԵı֪˲⣬ѯڡ
вϳ˴죬һϷʱ顣Ҳ⣬Ļصɹȥһմմϲı顣޶Ͻתͷװʶ
аƨĵĲûƫƨϡޣҶ˵ʲô־ڴǻͺͺͷһƣЦ˵ճڷ˲ԣԼĸףôƨɣԼô
ǰһͷɥҪҪı顣仯찡ķ緶ҶʼҲŴһĲ⡣
ﶼƵģ֪롣ǰǩԼΪǸҶʣñȽǰ;̫ԽܡֲҶѹƲһٸԸ⣬鲻ԸǩԼΪԺˣһֱ޾ɵġ֮ǰӿµĶԾ˼л
ӿԭϥظڵԪϼ˻ΧؼԪƵԪӿȫӿڣظ
ӿֻԪĹ󣬱û̫ƣŴϼ˵İƬ֮ͲԪ˫ۡ
ǰǿǼ˲ûڳ̲סѯʵȻûпڣǴʱҲ
ǣֻиղôһ˿ѾľˡӿҲûʵ˼ˡ
ϣóȥģϧˡϼϧ˵Щֵ
Ҳû뵽óȥϧӿ첢ûκεʹӣƽޱȵļѣҲûпѰЩͻƣҪߵϼһ¡û뵽߾Ȼóʽȵӿó˼
ֳ֮⼫֮ΧƵ֮ͬǻʵϢΧƵֻһĶعγɵģͳΪ֮Ҳһĳƺ
֮ѵãֻҪʱȥġΧٵҪ츳ˡһʼһٻһ̫ŵ꣬˵ǿޱȡ֮ŵҪ츳Żһϼѡ
ؼһǣҪм֮ŻһĹؼҪǸΪصļ˵⼫ѾǷǳ֮ˡһûм
Դʱӿ϶Ļش֤ʵеĲ²⣬ϼ˶޲ΪӿеϧġǴϼϧΧ֪ЩĻ嶼ޱȵ𾪣ӿӰ֪ӦһӦüɵ
ӿûһ˿ǷϣԽӵĴȣľࡣղչֳʵʧȥ˼мܹСԺ˭Ҳ˵׼һӿǼô˵ء
˭Ҫսģ˵Ҫ⼸鷳ģվҪȺսҪսӿ춼ˡӿս߰ܣһ޵еơ
Ѿ˽ᣬҵиһǿ߳ӿ΢΢ȭתԶȥתۼ仯һС㣬ʧʲˡ
˭ҪսġӿšǰߵһǶԼ˶û˿ģߵʱӿ켸Ҳȭ񡣲ֳڶ֣ûƶһ
֣սʣµ任ӣ˵һ䳡滰Ҳת뿪ˡ
ҲΪ⣬ɼתȥûΪѡֻʣսˣûжֵ˼תԼѧԺȥԼ̬ȡ
Ŷѣƺнֵͼӿ壬΢΢תԪ
ӿ̨ҵýжֵ˼ߣߡһͷ׻𣬳ӿҲģıȭ֡ҲɵӿȻղһսľ޴󡣲սʤ֮ƺͨʲôƸʤ֮ǰϸոսʤ֣һ޵еƣʱ϶˶಻ֻǰװ
ŶźǾ㡣ӿƽڱԪڸޡ
Ǿ仰ô˵ߡŶˣǺڡ׻ٴιֻתƲԶȥˡ
ĿӿһۣȨ֮£նûж֣תȥˡ


184 
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ǰûǿɽУ˲ͱˡҶһȺ⣬ֻʣսѧԺǱһȺˡӪ㲻ϺгҶһģӿһģŻСìܡ
Թɫǳߵı޿ΣĿǰȻӿһȺžԵơսû취һӴеѧԱвܵ˾ŵЩ־壬ЩܵЩսನûа취ߡȻҶ뾡ԶҶһȺˣȻǰǲġ
ԭϿãǼ̷ءսվѧԱУѹסûе̫Ҷһ˵Ĳ
ûκΪսѹֵƲ˵˵Ҫڵʵûа취·̶ѧԺĴ㡣ʱҶһȺ˶ûдǣ˶ƽձ
ǵĵĶǶģҶʼ˶ûпմǣʼնûŤͷȥǡżȥǵ鷳ĵζƷȥұ˵鷳ұԼ˼־˵鷳ǾͿ˵вˡ
ϷŪСȻ˵Ȥһǿ߻ȥϷСǼֱ˵ǶȤζˡ
ս˲ĵΪѧԱظԪǻָתΪֵ֮޸ơĵǰ£һʱȥˣеѧԺ̵˫ۡս˹˲ģϽȺ뿪ˡ
ټһɽϣֻҶʼˡǰսѧԺ˵ʱҶʼҲûšΧǰսתƣûʲôޱµצӰ֮ģҲûʿ޸ֵǮĶֻҪܻǮģҶʼ˶ϯһաһȺ˸ߣҶʼҲսƷ
޳߽׵޲޻гɵĺ޸ǲ֪˶ûмЩϵĶǱǿıʲôҩʲôģһЩϵĲϣĶƷôüס
ڴ֮ǰȻ˵½Ҳź޵ģǹϡ٣ֶ˼ĵطƽ˲Ҫ˵ҵѣҵ˶ġƳĶƷޣͨдáǶܻɱЩ޵ǿ˵Щû˿ôʴˣ޵ĲϾ
ջСĻ˰˵һ룬ӦҲܻȡٵǮʲôצָװβͰʲô߰ľЩˡҲһЩʿ˶ѵıȻ˵ѾʧȥܣǲʻǲģӦҲ
͡ԭһֱĿʿ뿪ӿ̲סˣսһȺ뿪ֱ³һѪ˵ͻأһϮһ
ףû°ɡԭΪջСĵһӾͿĲˣȻƽʱٰ㲻ӿ죬ѪȷǸı䲻˵ġһƤЦһӾͺ۾
ֻ˱Դ¡ӿɫ԰ףϥ£˥ܣ֮ǰһǰ޵̬֮
ʵͦסˣΪסһֱӲͦţʵѾֽϻˣſµһơΪǺ˵ս໹޶̽˭Ҳǵùһӿ쵱˵С˻¸֪ôĻȥеӿӵĸ߲ʡ
ӿҲ֮٣ɽΧϼĹޡǸղţ˶ȫԸģӿ϶١޶ǣһҲŵųռ˵ĴڡӿҲ˼˺ܾãľֱӺķѱԴֻߣס˶
ȷΧȷʵûʲôΣ֮ӿĿʼ޸ơϼҲϥ棬תŸԵĹһϼڼм֯һ𣬻ŶԷ˵ıԴǱһͨӼ˵ͷʵһ㡣
˿˼죬ڼϣڼ˵ΧïʢĻݣ
ౡһķ𣬻ʡĿļȫ˫ۣüͷֱ塣
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185 һ᲻˼ģ
Ҷİ֮ǰûԵͣ档֮ǰչֳǿһ棬סе޵ɻˡҶʲôͷɻ˷ˡ
֮ǰǰɻ˿ǿĳĺƢ޻ĵЦɻ˶ȫȻ⡣Ŵεı˴ϣҲû
Ǵʱɻˣе˭ܹܵŭһ緢ŵĻɽ֪ǸŶﴫģŭֺ¡¡죬ǲ񷶼ҪһʵǺ棬ʲôĵˣɻǰɻ˼ŭӡ
ಡಡಡƿǿĲӼ˵ͷϷٵĳû˿ͣҶʼۼ⣬ȥõǿߡղɻУֹҶʼˣ¶½ʴͷļȥҲʲôֵ顣
ߣҲȥ˶ظĲˣӿıԴҪʱӰս
ϽģϽϣʲôǴˡûпڣҶʼ˾ȸԾޱȵż˵ʲôأȥ˾ͱһ
Ҳܺ棬˭ȻȥɻˡȻɻ˿һʥ˶ᷢŭοһɻˡƧͬӿҲûʲôͷͬˡ
ʱһһ˹һ׼˷򣬿ٵڿŲķ˹ȥûзֵǣż˵뿪֮ǰɽٵ޸ˡӱƽΧ۶ϵľҲԭˣһƬͣǲ̤һ
ϼ˵ٶȿ쵽˼£գۼϰľ롣˷ǧﶼûзκεĴ򶷺ۼһ·Ȳûʲô鷳ӦǰͻȻֵͻ״
ħɽʵ̫ˣϼ˷ôöһֱħɽķΧС۵ĶǸɽڣľ죬ܲʱĸܵݷɽеǿޡͷϷһҲǼ򵥵ĻɫԶס˲ûóȻż˷Ϯ
һ·޾գʱ䣬һǷɳħɽķΧǰҰտûйľڣĿ̲ƽ棬żּ̡ܷ
ԴˣҶһ־صʵͷôһǡͷԳǱ۾ҵ·Ҷɽȥ˵·϶һ򣬻ֿ϶Ҷʱ֤԰ȫղűϴϷУҶʳտ£ҪǰҶָ·ǰ
бħɽ˵һ·ϻ֪Ҫٵޣһһܷ߳Ǹ⡣
Ҷʷˣָ·ͷȻҲˡʴ˲ûκεķͷڨڨЦš
Ӧþǰ治ԶˡǸϿ졣ͻȻ˵ӿٶȡҲϻҲӿٶȣϽϡ
ַ˲ãǰӰвǿפ۲죬ȻѸٵƿ뿪һɽɽ޴󣬺֮ǰսȣҲѷɫʱɽϹͺͺģһĻҽɢųȵ¶ȡɽм䰼ȥֱزڲǷŵðŨŨ̵Ļҽҽ̺ŨĻϵԪɻϵĲһ޶
̫ˣɻ˶ô̫䡣ɻˣʵ̫ˣҲʲôֱӰɽˡ
ǰԭɽһľͩԭͷɻҪȥߵģ֪ôʹܳһʿڰɻ˸ŭˡ
˵ĶƬġʲôڰʿð⣬Ծǳɻȥġҿľͷɻ˵ע⡣
ļٵġҲ̫˰ɡûɻ󻹸һЩôҿ붼Ǻ֡
ǿɲ

ϼ˶ͷĺߣҲޱǸҴɻֵʿﲻɵðҶ֮бȽϣĳһۣҪҶ֮ͬ׵ΪĻ˭󵨣ʮ˵
ңⲻҸɵġңһ᲻˼ġҶĵı˿е㺦ߣϽˡ
ϻȻ֪㡣ҪǰʿΪһ£˵㻹ܸɳӾ춯صĴ˷ۣޱȿ϶˵˶ͬĵ˵ͷ˵˼˵
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ٺ٣кϷˡһ·ûô˵ĺƧͻȻЦϷʣǿҵֻڴ
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οֻһͷɻ˶ѣѾȵĹر˳ţóٴС˸Ӳǣɻ󻹸żͷޡһҲΪ죬Ҳ͸˵ĲҲǺǵĸӲǰ衣
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˵ɻ׷һôôֻڳϿɻˣûпɻʲôӰɱЩȤҶʼҲЩ֣ӿ졣
Ӧӽս˰ɡϾ壬Եʱ򣬻ǻվæġӿһǣԵ˽Ҫ⼸һЩ
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ⲻûнΪʲôȥս˷ۡ
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ô˵ҲǣҶʼ˵һʳһ⡣
ǡӿԼֻ࣬ҪʵһĵزܹЩɣ˶ǿ˵Ⲣʲôܡ
ϼ֪ԲûʲôķӳҶʼ˾ͳԾޱˣ֮ǰû˵ʱͻȻô˵Ҳ𾪵˵


187 սǣŸ
һͿֲޱȵĽǳءֶصķаպֹǧҲ֪˶ٴˡҹҹļųǳأǳؼɹ¼仹ʲôܹô
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ڳеİ˵ܻһյһΣҲΪһӵ̸ʡʵҲȷʵԺ˶Ѿȥһź˵ţǰһͷֲɻ˽١
ƽռ䲻ɽ¶ˮľ޳ǣǸˣڱ޳Ͽչ⻪һһĽһһһһѭϢ
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ŸҹΪܶ㣬ܵ˺ܲҲ˵ҽд֣ǵʱһɻսܣջûдֱӳȥ
Ÿ裿йսĶޱȣһϷı顣ϼ˵ϱҲޱȵľʣ͸¶Ź֣һ޵ĿϷ顣
һ˵˭ôĵӣԭ쵰ӿ״γܻı飬š
Ÿ˭ӣǶϤӡҶʼɻ󲻽⣬ɵóѯʵ
˭ھڱ˵ĵϡŸսǵĳΪ츳ȷʵˣ˵·ǺҶࡣӿ첢ûн͵˼Ͻӹ˻˼˵ĺ棬˼˵ɻ
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Ҷʼ˶ʱˣӿһֱʾˡǹŸɻ˶ǣǶսǣ̸޼ɣˡ˱ǸģǾΪǾҥ˵ǣ˵ǹŸǹߣΪǺӿһ·ˣֱڸӿĨڣӿҪкɫŹȥˡ
ϼ˻мû˵ӿǲŸ軹óݣģ˵ȥӿһΣ鷳СӿĶô˲֮ȥ֮ͳݳӿӣƺ̬װ˸ųҪǺӿ·ˣķֱ治
ҲˣǱ˵İãûаʲô£Ҳܲšӿö֮ӿϷ쳾ַ³£Щοһϴǰ֮ƨˡͺ¥Ů̸飬绨ѩ£òٷ糾ŮŵĶȼˡˡӿ졯һʰֱӵӿ졣
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ƽʱһԺõӿôܳȥǲԻĬôǲȥֲа˶ҪǼײǰˣҲǲõġǳаտȥˣ˵˵ĲȰһķ糾ŮӡһһģȰջţЩˣӿҲܵЩ»
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˵ŸԼĹڣֱһѪʷĹ£ҵڣдһҰʷǧˡӿ̲ס̾
ڴʱзһӰɢǿҵĲŻƲ
Ӱ˳ţ˳ǽ֮վñȽϽҲò
Ҷһ˶һӿ췢ŭ𣺡쵰ҽ㡣


188 Ьðˣҽţ
ʱͷϵһǱãǸѵһ塣Ҳûʲô⣬һҪӿߣ˻ĿܱƭˡûҪǻһΪӿվ˳ͷϡʱݳӿվڳ¥ϣ϶ûаʲôģҲѹӿ˵ķŭ
ϢŭϢŭҶʼ˸Ͻסӿ죬һЦ⣬ЩΪӿеͬ顣һ£˶һźһģһðųȥΪûмĵ˰ɡ
ŶһͷɻˣһֱҰ֪ɻν£˵Ÿʲôʲôʱӿļϡ
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ΣҵҪȻ뿪ɻ˲Ӧ𱻹Ÿǻ쵰͵Ϯһ
ɣǻ쵰ҰץҲǳһǱȽ˵ϻġЦʲôЦ㣬ɻǰǰ񡣡ŸһΧͿʿѾ̲סˣһܣǴһζ
˼ü۵ġɻ룬Ȼ˵
Ұ̫ˣûбôŸ˼ȥգָ΢΢ƶԼӿӣϽ֣ʹա
׷ɱ˵ʱյҽŵЬӣĽϡȻʥ𣬵Ҹұ֤ʲôЬӣЬϿ̻ٵƣᱻ𶾵ȼġôص㹻˰ɡɻ˵ԵãǸ˼ô˲һ
ңңǳ⡣֤Ҫ˶þܹҳɻԵȣȥѰҽûдЬӵĶŸŹֻϽ֮ǰҲ֪˻𶾣ûʲôƻҲû⡣˿ôһ󻼣ҪǱ淢־鷳ˡ
һʿ˳Ÿ䣬С˵
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һŸļ˵ʲôթƭȫͳϹϵǶ衣Ÿ赱ͼˣϴĿţȼŵЬӱôһڣ䲻ȼպĻҽ
ҹʲôʲôթƭʲô߹ȸ͵ϮңڻƭҺң³ɺһ㡣Ÿɻŭԣ˫жðʵԵĻ磬ĻҲʼӿʾɻĵĲƽ
ɻˣϢŭϢŭҽͣԭİ˵꣬ȻھɱɱҰɡŸ輱ˣץģ˼ת˼ŶԲߡ
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ղź㣬ʵǳҿ㶼׷ɱҵļſˣﺦ£һ˿ҵƭġŸһϣı伷˼
ǰ͵Ϯҵأɻü
ǸǸǸǿޱȣʵҾѰ˼սǻûһͷǵޡҪܰץסˡาǡǰҵĻޣǶӵ顣ӿĶǻ쵰ŸһĲ˼˵ŰٵĻ


189 ĹŸ
Ÿ˵ɻץ޿˵ģҲ˵ǼٵġڳҴӵĹŸ裬һʼɻûɢκεĲΪһֻΪôɻˣʱ۾һɻ˰⻹ûмҪ˵Թɻˡ
ûŸһʼҪɱɻ˳ɻġȹŸȥʱŷͷɻ˲ǡŭɻ׷·ŵĹŸ軹ԽҪɻ˸׽ȥޡȲ˵뷨ʵʲʵʣٹŸǿɼεģûм˱ȵ
һ㲻ò˵ǣŸ͵Ϯɻ˵ʱһоľѧ˫ϣһ𡣳ʳָָָۡʳָָָɽɻβľջѨλʹ˹ȥһǧɱһʹŭţ䣬׵ܡ
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Ȼǲ̸ֶƤ˫ĺˣɻǲȥ롣Ÿͷһβȥɻ˿ǷǳµģŸڶЩľսġ
ЩѾΧ۵˺ǳԾˡעⶼɻ˵ͷˣҪѱȦ˵ĺǻǵޣ˵ǿһԺĴ֡ԭΪɻ˵಻ʵҲܺúõһӿ졣
˶ŰۣŸ˵Ǹ׵⽹۵ġϸ룬⻹ǹŸ·ҪɻûĶûж֣˻˹ˡ
˶оЦһҪӿֱҪŭˣŸ쵰Լȥɻ˾Ȼ˸ôϡŹֵĽڡ˻ָΪԼǰϣ˺ͺŸʲô߰ʱȡ˵ǣԼСһ˹ۿ
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һ߲ʵĻɻ˽ɫ죬ֱͷվŵĹŸȥ
ŸɫЦֺãһ̻Щϵġһϣʲô̧𡣳ͷɫĽƣѳͷϵ˶еýеļӢ䲻
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ΧʿǸϽűӣ˼ĹŸԶԶġ
ʲôӣ˻ΪǱסˣսءŸ˿ûнųľһĺǳʿ
ʿҪˣս˶˵Ҫʱˣʧȥսֱε˾͸ӵĿЦˡڵĹŸͷϣûʿʱùͷͨ죬鲻ԸŲ˹Ÿߡֻɫ԰ףһǴ󲡳һ
ޱȻһĻûκ˿˵Ŀⶼ鲻ԽıɫĻסˡ
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Ǳȼ֮ǰøո˼ӹ˽ƣദܼƣȻǺð㿴㿴ûжãóˡеĹŸ迴ϸϸĻ棬һ˿ļɵﻹÿУһմմϲʲô˲顣
ΧʿһͷĺߣоЩˡǸոռӹ̵Ĳ٣ȴӲǰǰǿƸȻ࣬Чǰĺãƻ鷳˲١
߲ʵĻ滹ŸǰܣȻٶܲյһһĽƲϵĻζȻѡһգ۵ʱ䣬մʮ㣬ʣ˰ż˵һ㡣
Ÿٶȳ֣ƳڽϣɫĹδӽµĳǳгѽҲȾɫ
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190 
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ƱƿʵĿ˽һȺʿЩŸŻһȺֱ׵ĲУĬĬǵùĹĬ
ʿվڹŸߣɻüͷ˫һȣͷϵʿƮƮ˳ڡֻ˹Ÿףһ˶ͷ
ɻˣǲ©һ˰ҰոӦðҲһȽġŸţԹɻۻûпƺá
ðҵһᡣɻһŤǿտĳǽ
ŸҲû룬ֱ˺գһ˽ȥʧԭأԶһ󲨶Ÿ˳ͷ¥ϡ
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ͷϼӲʯ˲˻Һųǽ»䡣ȵʯҺӴԱĳǽûлȥգѸٵ̳ڵʯһ࣬ôƽĳǽϣпԡ
һδɻҲ⣬ǰ׷ɱ˹Ÿ죬ҪǹŸûе㱾£ͱԼ׷Ͽ˽̿ˡŸˣĻ쳣ɻޱȵͷʹ
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ɻ˱Ͼޣֶзִ磬ķΧޡһһɻ˰죬ûаսನɢǳȥ
ôᣬɻҲˡŸ費׹鲻ףǻǸְĳɻ׷ÿ˵Ǽɹģһֱڳͷϴûİսȥ
ŸǲǺóɻûаëǮĹϵһҪɻ˾ûˡ
һֱ׷ŹŸ裬Ƭ̵ͣɻͻȻͣſ³һŨĻ棬ɢΪһ޴ѹŸ޵ĿռС
쵰㲻Ǻܻܵôܸҿ¡ɻ˿Ÿ豻ԼȦУ˵üֱַ졣
ˣˡŸһһ
ΪװҾͻŹ㡣ģһһһİճɻҽȻͩáɻЦţֱӾŹŸ˹ȥ
ɻϴ棬ɸߣӳһƬ죬յնŤ
һƵɻ˳˹ŸȻûеطܹˣҲԴеİɡսǶ˹ŨĹâŹŸѹŸеӢ䲻
վԶ˿ĿһŨԪսеĸλóһ׳һͷ˻УŸһԪ۶ɵס
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йս˶˷һĴײɻǿƣŸսϣսǵļӳ֣ǽзһײˡ
˵Уɻצӡצ繳ӣͷ͸Ļڲ͸ĻһŸ˼
ˣˣ쿴ϸһаʽġɻ˵ľѧµطһӵУ󡣡˶첱ӴֵģǴ˼ѪƵãϣ͵ѧһ۰צģ֪˭˵õ˴ҵһͬԼͬĵ˵ͷ۾
˵עڴУɻ̽צȥƲֱŸƨɶȥ׼ȷ˵ǺͥջצŸϵԪ׽Ӵ˴̶ײĻò˶һļƤ
Ԫ׸ո͸ĻӴ;ҵȼû˿ĵֵáɻ˵צҲڹŸƨصĴôһ¡
ɻ˻Ҫʱ򣬹Ÿƨɺ˳ȥۼĿԿƨϵĲƬѾˣ¶˶ƨɵӡ
˶˼ļнβеԼһⶼӵľѧɻܸɳô˭˵Ҫúÿģ˶ץΪ̫棬ô侳ĸоŻþջ


191 ɻ
˵˶û뵽ɻ˻ôһֱͺɻ˱Ϊ޵ݲֱǴϲѧƤŻôĶҲ˵ĶŸǵݡɻŪôһף׵⽹֮⣬ֻ˵̫ˣ̫ɱˡ
ǿǻڲҺϵĹŸ裬ֻ֮⣬ͬˡΪô죬ʲôǻģջѨ˵һѨߵڡ˵֮Ǳô̼ôһ£ڴôʮµûģҲǰ϶顣
ŸûôңսǵףȻ˵ˣǻǵֵסɻ˵ʥ𣬰ʥĥˡŸֻǱɻǼצӸͱôһ¶ѡȻŸһ޵ĳջһƬһѵ³
־Ͷ֣ܾʹܣܲҪôåôŸһԹ˫ס׻ƨɣȻ
ҡܾʹܣ㻹ܹҳʲôУ㻹ܹ涨ҳʲôС綼ôһµˣոԸԳˡһ֣ˬɻһ˷ܣŻζΪöżӣγôĶ˵ˣƽʱһһͷ޻ʹֶԸ
ɻ˵ĻһҪ˵ŸסˣɻһģһԹսҲסˡˣˡɻ˱仵ˣλôߣʵôǿҪоѧô졣һ뵽ǰȫֻҲβסβͣסǽ޵ľջѨ
ҲҪȸ˼ң˼Щ׼ɻ˵ĻӿӵԹˣֱǻԹ
㵱ɵӰҪȸˣ㻹Ǿջĺúõģһܵ֡ɻҴдɱˡͱ£ˬô£һ˾ͷŹˡɻһļЦҪôажôа
˵ҲҪȰƨϴɾͱɡҶһˣÿ˳ֳһҰݲ¡Ҳ֪ײϽûУ֪ܲҰõĺܣһ㶼ûֽáȷ㻹Ҫͱ£ֻҪ㲻ͱˣˬ¶ûġŸһ棬ڳһǳ顣ǿ˵ĶȫմϰëǮĹϵ
Żսһأʵܲˡôô¼ˣ첻۰ôһء˭ûϵϷݵôһ˶ʱۻĶһϼҲɫףԵķθһԳؿζСӵҶʣҲһͷ亹ʵ̫ˣֱ޵ˡ
ɻ˵һ٣ȫĻ涼һͣжݵĿհסǰһ̻ɻˣʱһ㶼ⲻˡܷپһеʥסĳ㿾ǰͱ˹ŸջצӣԽǺ濾ԽǾöģǸоһɹζڱǼ⡣
ŻɻҲˣ³ĿɲʲôʳһһŵҺ̬棬žžžĵ˳ͷϣڻһĴ󶴡
ɻŻµʱŸ賶һһݰ䣬ڵס߹ƨɡȻ˵·죬ҲСڣǻûڴ֮ͥ¶ƨɵϰߣò˼˵ƨҲôܡ
һеĹŸٺһЦֱ֡ҹŸɲǳԿôܾô˰װ׵ı˾ջռϵıˣƺҲǲģôҲҪ¶ֲС
Ÿ趯ˣǣȫǵǰСûдЬӵĽѾצŻŻµɻ̤˹ȥնҡһ޴ĽѾӶͷľɻ˵Դ̤
ɻǿѹθеĲʣһ˿ȥҪ̻ɻΧϡĻ;ûôʵ
ɻ˱ܿˣŸһ̤СնһԹŸŰΪԲģһȦǿҵĲɢ˿սôԶǳصнƸ֣ɫ⻪ͣ
ڰйսҲΪ̫ܵ˲˶ԪֵֵεĲƺ쵶նԪϵ졣
һδŸҲ⡣̤յҽ̧ǰɢȥĲѸٵĵأһȦι˹ŸûдЬӵҽϡ
ŸתסɻˣһԾ̤һƸ֮ǰҡҪ̤ŹŸ̤ҽţǰϵĹһɹһɢͬʱȳڶĲ쵶һɨܡ


192 ߻
һɻ˲ˣϻ緢ɻ˿סϵĲʣᵽ۷״̬ͬ³һ棬Ѹٵ۳ΡһֻȼŵĴˣ֣ԣͺ˼άĻ
췢һɵĺ챦ʯƵ۾͸¶˷ܻŵĲмɫĹâһϣηײֻյĴŰ塣
Ÿ豻ײһȻ̤ɢ˴仯˻ʧ˿С̤Ĵȴ޷·ɻ˲ȥˡ֮⣬Ÿ軹Ϣһɢңϵȥϸ֮£ŸĹͭɫĴһ˿ڣѪҺոͻ˻棬ˡ
θ飡ϾŵĴģֱȼɻʹʥҪԾ
ʲôθ飿Ҷʼ˺Ĭͬʵ
ɻ³Ļ治ǷɢҵģǻһֻлΡǴޱȵ鶯ԣǻһ飬Ǹ顣˼ƽ
ûʲôرʿҲԪΣʹҲһֻΡͬľɻôǻûмңʲôġŶˣɻŪĶô˵أҪƻһЩҶʷ˷ۣôеССˡӲǰ鶯Ļ˵ǽƻ
Сӣһû˵ء⸳Ǹ軯γĶԣҲ˵Ǹ꣬Լ˼άΪļԸǻγĶޱȵĽӽʵ൱ƾˡһֵһǣγĶʩʵ뵱ǶһͬĴֱ֡ҶʵԴϸһ£Ҷ˲ʵ
ʲôƾһԼΪ뵱ģ˼ĵûʹûĴ֡൱ʿҪѧˣԺܾŪһȺһϣʲô᲻ſµİҶǳԾˣ뵽ǴһȺηСΧŹ˵ĳ˷ܿġ
ˡΪô򵥣ɻ˲֪˶õĻˣų顣»ΪͬΪݣԴȽ˽²ġȻɻ綼ˣʥһγһͷͷݣŸģõź͹Ÿôá֪ҶʲôϺҶһưˮʵʵ뷨
ƴСĽһֱͺȸһͣļͷʱϵĻһͬ˳Ҷֱۣޱȵıӡ
ԱﲻϤսذһǱȽϤʵǲУһûԼܿ˰ɣ˭Ҹ˽ԼءҶʻǲģСֹš
ֵһĺˣҶʴһӣһȺսغηľͳ˳˶Ĵһ˶﷢ëΪԺ󲻳ôҶʡ
ôңһûԼûԼ˰ɡСҶʱЩë쬵ģͺǴվڼ˵ǰһ
˶ˣ⻹С˵ҪŪһȺҶʳʱܻӵĻҰɡҶʵ첻µزµӣб˲ռ˵·ҪܳһҪһȺҶʳ֣¶жΣű˵ͷɡ
Ͻҡҡͷ׿Ժⲻʵʵ뷨
սеĹŸҲɫȫЦҽŵ˿һüϼܿγϲΪƾսǵĵ̣ӳϣѹɻһͷġ뵽ɻ˾ǵһѹԽչ¶ľԽ࣬Խ¡
Ÿ˹һѪŵ׳һȼȻ󱻻Ƶ˿ھͿٵϺˡ
ͦģǸĶ֡ҹŸҲ˵ġУ߻Ÿɫߣ¶ݣͦһˣǲ֪·ôôĹ졣
ŸϿٵ̤ǰУɻ˱ȥҽÿȥһΣվҪҵһΣǳضŶҡҽһαһθӵһȦȦεĲٵĳڹŸ̧ŵʱѸٵĳأһϡ
֮ǰΣŸ費٣һ̤ߴΡһ̤ʱձ˿µսǶļѹȥһɡ
ʵͻȻֻܲʣһֻţǴ̤
߽һعһţÿ̤һţûоʹɢǱһۣǰһŵһߴΣ̤һš


193 ٳ
ԹŸ費ϤĶò̾ԭǺʵģиӵġһһµ߽̤ģƾŸ¶һ־ͲòʡŶԣӦ¶һš
˾踺أСڡҪǻעǱ̬ĸ¶¶εĿ֮»ƣԼһΪӲˡ
֪ΪˣԹŸһΪȽ˽ĶһŸ⿴ݵǲǵ߻ԭһƷʱӲıı˫ʩչȻʵûм٣ǱϾû˫ʩչô鶯ƮݡչֳŸ˵츳͸׹֮⣬ŸôδؾûֵĴ㡣˭ǾҪ˭ùˡ˹ŸЬӺͿӣݺݵͱ˹ŸľջѨһµɻ˾һùˡ
ɻβϵĳëʱԶ߸϶߰ɱڵɽ߰ɽɢ˾ɱ޵ɻô˿ֲɱ
߰ɽɱǵзʽӭȥʱŸĹҲˣڹŸĿ£εĲΧɢǱŸ˼СķΧڣֱɻ˶ȥһڴɱȻϿɽ¶ˮ̿µħİ˵ڸ˺ֱֺ͸ԴڸڣиɽţĹЧ
߰ɽߵɻϣ׵ľȽӴ˵һεĲ߰ɽ𣬽Щ𿪡ǿֲĲǼɽ̵ɱɽͬʱųɱ⣬˲ǵһɱȥƲֺܲŹŸŵĽŵװȥֽ˼β
ƣǿµ׵綼ɱ֧飬ؼһƬĵ¶ǰںǦеĹŸ衣
߱ɽϣն죬ﲻ޼᲻ݡǹŸҲʲôǵˮȻ綼˴а˿ˣڡεĲһعһɽ鲨ƲѾЩ̷ˡ
Ÿ迴ɻˣͻȻЦɫЦݣҽ΢ϻһҵĹΡֲʵ̫ڿֲˣо԰Ѿ޴ɽַۣᱻһ޴Ԩ
һγŤճɻˣĲɹ⣬Ż֮ܡ
߰ɽ׵屻ײУǰһ·вˣɽֱӱõ˻ȥʲôǽɢ˿һ
߰ɽĿ죬ȥĸ졣Զʱٶȵ˻ȥڿдߵӰ쵽˼¡
ౡɻ˷һҵ˼㣬ֱ͵ĵز߰ɱ͸͸ǣڵϺ߸޴ĿӶǶܵ˲Ρ
ֱʱɻ˵ϲűѪ߸ǰ͸ѪѪɳڿԶȼȼասϿγһ޴Ĺ֣ȼŵĻ˿
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Ÿ迴һͷۣЩˣҲƽһκڣû¹ϵȥͷɻ˸ưͳԻп˵ⷽԲǧ֮ڶսаտѳǰʳҪԴһ¾ͱٵʮ֮һϸԼס
ȻңѾ֪궼û˹ˣҶҪʲôоˡܺãܺãɻ˿ٵ޸ƣϵƱˣԨ
͡ɻɫϨʧˣһεĻΧȼաɻ˳һӣһεĻɳ總֮ңսǵĻǹ֮ϡ
λͺһ˿͹Уһ˲ɢ˿ȼսǡڵսǿһȼŵļ־ԵΣա
ͬʱɻ³ߵʥ𣬻ֵֻԨ˫еתԳһص׵߱ɽεץУģ趯˼еɽĶŹŸ衣
ʱŸɫ԰ףѿ˼¡ǹŸ裬˶ȻΪŸϷŪùͷˣ˴ɻȻΪޣǱϾ಻ͬ壬ҲҪɱ춨Լĵλŭʱ֮٣µɱɣ¾һС
ǰɻ˷ŭˣһŭ֮ʥȼȫǡ뵽ǧİգ˶


194 ս
ַճǳصʵ̫ڿ£ԭ㼺ӵĳ˲䰲û˻뵽ôһͬޣվޣüͷɱгӲݣǸǿ۾գһ¾ܸɱԼͬ顣Ҳ޷ǰһС
ǿʥͬʿҪմȾ˷ֺһմȾʥֻ޵һ³߽ʿڷоͺñһʥǰֻлҽ³οǷˣһǳصķˣǧ˿֮ࡣ
Ҫսǿסһǧ˿ھͻ˲ȼŵУβʣֻҪŵ飬ûвеµġ
ŸһͷۣҲûϷ֮ģֻҪĴɻˡҲֻ룬ѡҪ֮ǰԼϵù̬Ⱥõȥϸɻɻ˿ܻˡѾչӣɻһƴļƣǴˡھǹŸϴҲǲеˡ
Ÿ赱ϣһӡսеĵ·ҫ۵Ĺâһ͵ĲеˣжԾ˶˽ֵԵķС¡¡ľ첻ϣ·θߣѸٵĳ˽ֵԵĽеķݶܷ˵·м䡣仯û꣬߶Ѿȫ˷ݵĵ·ʼӣڻչڵĵ·ɢ໥ӡȻսǶһܲ͸һжգ۾ɵģǰһֺ̻ޱȵǣʱһɢŨɫεʯͷ
Ǳ仯ոսʱбʥŵһֱӱȼˣ˿
Ÿһϵ亹ոҪһõεĻǵڳǳУǻ˲ϢڤħһǧƽɶΪᡣ
ɻˣǰҲԡܷ֣ųеİһ·Ÿˣɻ˸ģɲΪǧˣ޷еҲе˵вʲôСèСֻǧľ񡣾Ǿ񲻷ŶɱҲҪɱϼʱ䣬ɱ
һ·ЦҪһ·ֱղţ¶Ƕܽãܽͻɱɡֻϧ㹻ǿӡҵʱ򣬾뵽ˡɻ˲ˣƲˡ
Ϊ˳еľҲôŸǰδе棬Ҫóеİ»жҪֻϧΪŸǳԶţԱˣеİղܼʶǵĳ״ο׵һ档
ʲôɣʲôڡҪʵйαġֵڵزΪԵʡ֪Ϊʲôɻ˿ŹŸ;ǴʱŸһӡòȻ֪Ϊʲôɻ˻᲻뵽һݡ
ҲǲŸੲݣɻͨȼһ龧ӨĺˮΧȼŵΧߵԳһĻ棬ֱץһɱɽ
ŸһԾվܷʯͷһ֮ϡŨԪӽӿڹŸ֮ϡϸĵ˿Է֣Ƿ·ڼȡŴصΧڿٵʧսӿȥͨսǵĹת˹Ÿϡ
ɻ˵ĿһݣֻȼŵԳɽԾ˰աڴܼߵ֮ԲֱۣɽŹŸص˹ȥͬһʱɻΧŵȼŵҲգԵظĹֱŹŸĵطȥ
Ÿԭز˫ƶǺ˾Ƶһ˫ֻ˶ܹƬնˣǷӿŵĴһҵĲ
Ÿ˫ǰһƣŵ˳
ˡͣԳײϣʱж죬ɵþж졣ߵһ˻ȥϳ˳Ļ档
ϡڶһײǷӿУҲ˻ȥ
ɻüˣӦΪǸոչŸ˹ԼĹ͹ŸŪƵ˫̤ȫͲһɻ˸оԼƬ󡣲ŲͬǣεģɻԼֻǷַӵ顣ǰ͸ģûа취ֻƽ⡣
Ƭն󣬲Ȼͣǿ̺ʮֿˡ˳ĻڰȻǿ̺ȷʵʵʵڵķ˳


195 ˣ
ȻϿŸռϷ磬Ҳܡ;һȻɻ˵Ĺײ϶˻ȥǹиȴ͸͸˽ʵʵ˹Ÿϡɻ˵˵Ͼɻ˲顣ǻγļͷԳȴ̳Գһ干е͸˶ľĹŸģ·λһ
ɻ˷һУЦΪԹŸȫûáԭȻԼĹǷ֮һá
ɻſһ£ֻ߰Գ֮ǰļֻܹʮֻԳ
ɻʶһеĻԳ󡱽ų˹Ÿ衣ոհȶĹŸһͷҪˡҷģɻ˷㡣ҷģɻͷһǹġǱǳı
ʮͷԳԾţѸٵĽӽ˹Ÿ衣ɻ˵ָʾ£һȭһȭĺŹŸƳˡһķΧ֮ڣͱȥҲΪ̫СùŸܲκεʹ
ԳȻ򵥵˼άûʹ࣬ʹһһµĴţŸҲһһεƶطӿʹùŸ鴤ˣָоڲͣű˵ȭûа취Ҫôƾжôơ
ɻ˻ôŹŸ裬ֳһƬ磬ϸһİ׵ϵģɫĻӦоУѤһƬиһεĻڲ
۳ΣһƬƬ˸ĺâëǻȳһŹŸȥ
ëܼĴϣһˮĲͲܵĹŸӵˣζô˵ءͺһȺгҽֳƴһҪ˭Ŀ죬ĺݡ
ŸʵܲˣһС˫˽µУͬʱеѸٵӣӹŸ˫ӶϣѹŸ˸ʵʵֻ¶һ˫۾ǿ档
Ÿ˫ֱ֮ǰݺݵǰƶһǣݵȿɻеĹȻ󱻰סĹŸûа취ˡ
ʱĹŸһһ𣬿˵ŸǣǾǹŸˡǹŸȫûа취ˣȴ԰ǵԼ壬ĵǵÿһطй
ҲսǶĳԣΪʵ̫ˡԲҪĶ֮ǧľԼҹļɳΡɻңңڣѾܹԻЩĲˣվܹסе顣
ɻٴεĹȻŸûκεĶеĹȽŸһɴ͹ʧˡȻ׻ɱͬǿߵĹֻǴʯͷһ΢ҡΣ˺˹Ÿֺ
ȻŸ棬һ˫鶯۾ȴתͣ͸¶Щ˷ܣձƵûа취űȵˣҲһʹǡǰȻ綼֪Īܣȴһֱûлʵ顣
ĿɿڴУǰεضƯ˿СӷޱȵǣʵѸޱȣͻģһ޴ķʯͷ
ڴľսУڿзһӡŸӦˣԦֱɻײ˹ȥƸ֣͸޵ɱ
ɻһ£Ȼûи״Ǹײ˸ʵʵϿ̻ɻ͸׽ӰĽ
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ɻŭˣҲǳسġѸٵڿնӭͳ˫չʮ׵ɻ˸ӵľ޴ˡյģ̫ʧˣɻϵĻһСǰ˵ԵñȽСɻˣʱʯͷһһСˡ
ðܵʥڼǣҪѳǳŹŸһϵʶڲϵǣĥǵܡʯצӸǶУ˫צҪѿ
ŸҲǺǵģðһ˸ſڹľ޴ǹɻ˵צСǸɢ˳һĲһһɻ˵壬Ҫɻ顣
˶Ϊȥ϶һܾ˵ľ档ƣɻˡ˵˫һǵǧľΪһһɻһᡣ
ˡһϵըһ˵ͷ
Ϊߵͣȫ˵ϣˤһ߻صġҲҿҶʵ治̫ߣȻĻһ¶ᱻˤ⽴һȺǿߣôˤµЦ


196 ֹûУ
ӴӴҺϣһȺս˶ֱ֮ˤ˸߻صġҶʴӱҳҪѿƨɡ˸ӵңϵĳ鴤ţ°ĭ
һȺ˻ͷģҡҡλεվȻͿޱȳԾһĻ
ԭյħһһһİſĵ·ʼĸ߹˷ݵĽֵ䣬ԭλеĽƶȥƽв֪ʲôʱһӰԶԶȥ뷢԰ףһжǵӰ򵥵һֵĽ
ֹûУ˵˵һ䣬ըһ˵Ķ
ȴû˻شĻŸ񻹱ǰסƵãԭеƣû˿ĶɻҲ˫צ˺ǵƣͻҲŹ״̬ϸ֮¿Է֣ŵĻ涼ûж˿
ֹ˾͸֨һߴӵ۵ģޱȵ׺û˿ĺƢ
֨ŸɻͬĶ֨һޱȡ˶оЦǳԲ׼ͷƢʹţš
ͷһ֣Ԫɢȥȼŵɻ˵ڣɻɫĻɵҲʧˣؼ䲻ȻظʱһͷɻˣһŸܹˡ
Ȼ˲̳嵽һܣǷǳĬĵһصͷһεľ롣
˶ˣΪʲôһŸһͷɻôǵļһǳϵķԭһĴڣֱӶס˽ս˫
ǰ˫Ĺסˣ͸ӵĿˡ
Ȼɻ˺͹ŸһﶼסѾµˣϾƽĴ½˵ѾܾûгʲôشˡŸһױǿߣѾǴ˵սˡ
·ʵ̫ƽˣ˶ΪǳŸһһǿ߶̵ȥˡֶξߣ൱Ǹ˶˸ѣ졣ûǿģֻиǿġ
һǿ߾Ѿ˳Ծ˵ģһչһЩֶΡǻߵ飬ûԪͷ򶼱סˡ˭ֱܹ׵ûй̬Ϊ֮Ϊľһܹס棬ܹHOLDסȫ
˭Ÿ迪ѯʵ˾û¶һ˿Ԫⷴзë֪ʲô̬ȡû˲µģҪ˼аˣֳûһܻġ
ǵС˼ɡҪҪ֣˭ӵõ׼öôĳ֣˭ܵҵһ߷ǳţûлش𣬷˵һֵĻ
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ǰҪȥʿлЩˡȻҪһ㣬ǰʲô֣ŸЦţȴֵľ衣̫Ҫȸ״˵
û˵Ƕ˶䣬ҪŪǰ
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տͷ춯Ÿ͸о岻ܿƵķ˳ȥƴҪȴֻͽͣŸ辪ĶҪˡҪԼôҪĨɱԼôΪԼĻ̫ôŸıߡ
Ǳͷһ£Ÿ跴ˣͷ߲ưȻԴϰһ£Ǵò᲻صģǳڽѵ
ڼﻹʲôˡ룬ұչضˣʮ꣬һ꣬һǧꣿҲǲˣǰһФͷϸ룬ԼЩ㲻ˡޱȿ϶˵һФǰ
˵ǸФңŸתķɿ죬Щȷ˵
ϻ㻹˭ǲФ̫ˣ۸ſˡûʵͲҪȥǱˣںˣ˯ˡһһĻҵˣ˵˵˭ܹӵĲТġһ˵ͷੲݵĽһѵĻĭҷɡ
ҵڣŸ費̫϶ƽʱԴڸоЩһٴγȷš
Χ۵˶ЦˣŸʵ̫ˣûиоԼ˵Ļеô


197 
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ԭϲô󱲵Դ˵԰ҶڴϵԱߣֹ˵
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ʲô棬߰ġɻץģǳ鷳ġͷҡҡͷͬŸ뷨ҲޱȵĶôһ˿뷨
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˵ץľץãΪҾ޵ôҡͷеɸֵ˼
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ʲô˵кһȽ׵ǿߴڣŸԾˣЩ޷죬Һûһϲ鷳ȻĻŸжġ
ʲôֵȽ׵ǿ߻кܶࣿ
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Ÿһ󸹷̣Ҳĺ󱲺òáƴ̧߱ˣԼôôԱ˿ͿģԼ󱲲Ǵô
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ɻ˲֪ǣ⻹ǹȫƵĽϢȫɻ˸оѹŹĺëȻ͸¡ĴڣһѪԶëѹ
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çײˣ˹ޣǡȻ˵صѾȴˣҾ͸ˣ߶Źˡɻһ˫£ģһϣȻŤת壬Ҫ뿪
ţͻȻڣֹסҪ뿪ɻˡ
Ŷ档ѵ㷴ôɻѸתƳȥǧɣ䱸Ҳȥ˵ʲôޡ
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ͻȻǿʢۿԿһŨĽʵʵԪ𣬰һ󶴡ҵǹ沢ûκˣһ͵Ԫ˶
촽΢˵Щʲôȴûκ˶֣׹Ҫһ


198 ʯԣ
ܿˣ͸ոͣңԶʳ߰˵ĹͬŨĽʵʣɢſµĲЩʵ̫ˣǳƬһ
һעǲƽġϳɽƽɽͻȻ䣬ڶǦưСɽСһɽϸɽϣɽϵĽȫ渴һ̵ɽһ㣬Կ׺ôôúս֮ͬҪҶʿһˡɽ͵͵ǵģıͷԼǰȻûз֡
ͻȻɽѿɽɢǿҵĹâһӰײĺǦơӰһʧˣɽĺϣֹһжһ
ǡǳضɢŨĹâνǧ콵ꡣһֲ˼µĲӳУд˶ڵһʱ䱻ѹĹȥѹĿ죬ȥÿ졣ǸоԼĴȻҪǴҶڵϵĻ
ħɽеĽѪħѿһСɽӲӿߣһɢźɫħɽ𡣰еħɽ΢Ļζٵ޴ʯ顣Ȼһ˶Դɽ̽֫һϸβ͡ħɽ¶ȫòԭһֻ޴ڹꡣ
һעƽƽĴ½ദſֲĲɢϢѹеͻĿ죬ȥĸ졣˶ĪΪһ͸˳

ʧսΧ߰˵ɷǵӰÿһأŲ֪ǶǰеĿʽÿһƶԨ߰Ƭʱܹ˵Ĵ󺣡
Ҿ֪ǻûϿһɣ˭Щ󱲿ɳܲסϵѹ͵ˣҲ°Щ󱲸ŵЦǺǵߴкһ̾ȻһЩʶǸĸǿߣڡ
㶼ûôܾء˵ɣմǵĳ˯ټʲô顣Ҫǲ⣬֪ġһʼձǻ԰ŵӰ˵³ֻʵ壬һŹŸȥ
һһ֣ϳһµĹ֣ǳܲǰ壬˹սǷ
ҶºȻ⻹ûг֣˵ĻؾͺǳܲҪĶ½ҪǸôһתɡҿŸȾѾֱǻеǿҲȻȺû˿ȤȻһЩȫǡ
Ÿ費Ҵ⣬ȻǶԷ˵ĻҲǶԷһе֣൱ǶԷĵĳŸһӣóһ⡣һַʧˣѿĴҲѸٵĺ£ƽ
㻹ƢһͶ֣һ涼ôһǶûмˣôһʵЩо˲Ҳգ֪˵Ƣǰ˶ûȫڱ˴̽Է
˴˱˴ˡһɣͬһǧͬնǻеǿ߲ûмֵ˼Ҳڳ˶Էһ䡣

ʱһͷ޴ڹ궢ҶʼˡĿ˿ҶʲϵĹǵ׹Ȼֿ˿ҶʼͷʡһĹ飬һ˫˵΢С۾תͣ΢΢
Ҷʶ񣬿ҲĴģ۽޵Ĺ۲졣ȻȻģҶҲı顣ϵĵ׹Ҷһ㶣ѵǣ
ͷˣôȥҵţүһظʵĵһһҵ㣬Ȼ㶪ȥȡڹͶСҶˡҧгݵ˵˫ĶꡣҶʲͬǣʲǺ֪ķġֵĵһʱ䣬ʾͷ
Щʱʱ̶̿ҪѪ⣬ʱôֵĳˣûֱӳȥѾп֪ˡ
еˣŶꣿեһҶȤ׷ʡ
˭˵СҶӣҲ̫֪˰ɡûӦ㲱ϵĹǣϢһµôôĶ˰ɣһȥɵǹ㣬ҳ⡣ʹƻţҶʵ˻ȡ
ˡŸĶܶԸġ㻹ȥꡣϵôҶηǳ֪֮ǳҡͷʵ顣


199 㣡
ԣ⻹ûôͰųˡҪôˣ㻹氡ʱĵûġ
զˣܱȲ̺ðɡҶʸΪ
Ҹ˵һǱǾͲ˵ˡ㲱ϵǺǰģϱŵǸֻܻǿ㲱ϵǸġһľѪܴǿΪ㻹õҩ̫⣬Ҹ˵˵Ԫأº󻼡Ҳ˵ܰǴһȽסôûĶЦĶҶʣʹߴߴһԸҶСӣҪץסС˼
ôֱˣνƶ䲻ʲô취ҶһûмֶþͿˣһѯš
ò˵ʶҶʵ˽⻹׼ȷġ͵İкôռ˵׼ԵĹҶʾƨƨߵϹˡҶȻб˱ռҲɵСӻϧΣǾԲϵġ
ǱǸͷûСǲǾúҵĴмֵƣҲӣһֱצָָеһӰ
һ׷ͯյˣǻѪʢ׳ʿֻ࣬˫Ŀϼ͸¶Ųɣ׺ɣһꡣޱȵǿƻҪǿô֡ôǶҲؼף˵ҲһʱͱȥˡƵϹҪСϲ֪ٱ˶֪ľͱȥˣûп꿴Ҷʼ˵Ĺ
ôǺ˵ʲôϵҶü˳ʵצӿȥȻһʹ߰˷ƵߣҶҲûϸ룬֪ᵽͷʲô
㱿˵ϢҲʹһӦͬһֹҪûв´ӦҵϹŶʷ˷ۣһıӡ
ȷʵҵΪ棬Ҳûмֻеп仭񡣡һֱҶ˵ֹʸոյߵݵʱ򣬿ͬʵ˵ΪҶ汦һ϶Լͬ⣬˵ʵҪȥ鷳ĵӣͬľ綼ѾĪı£˵ǶҪӵꡣǸӵĴڣǿ˵Լһ֮⣬ûܹɱˡ
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ҶԴŸոŤϾѾԽˣҶҲͰͷŤʣʹ˸ʾ˵źơ
ȿȡصɤӣŽ˵˵㣬ֻҪ˵涯֡ǾͰ˵ѹһͷʵӦܹɱɡʱʲôǰѪʲôĲô
һû˵ɱһĽѵ귢ŭ˭ǿ϶ˣҲûж֡׻˵ƶѣӸ߾类ѹҲ֪Ҫɱǲ̫ʵġ
ʲô㣿ֵǣοڵǴϣҶʡ˶Ŀ죬ҲЩҲסѾˣҲˡ
ôǾǡʹ˸ӣ˶һڴĿ˲ڸб
˵Ӱˡ˰춼ûеȳģ۾һܵı顣Ҷˣ̧־ʵһ¡
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˵㣿˭ܰѾջѨǹģⲻŵôõ˵Ҷˣ˰죬͵ôһ˵˵û˵
˵ʲôط㡣ǹĴһʯƤһ飿˷ˣж˵ֻҪٶȹ죬ܹҪġʷ˷ۣԶ˵ĲЩա
˳Ĭˣϸ֮»Էƣĸͬ׵ʿ˵ܴĹǵġ˵ǴľջΨһѨȻʧЦⶼʸȥˡЩеûãִûжɱͷЩûõĶֻͻȻǰ㣬һһ֪Űһ¡


200 ŵ
۵𣬶ûз֮ǰڻŽ黥̽һȺϹŶ綼û˵ˡȻҶһȺ˵󣬵ҲûпķŵʴһȺϹŶҪ˵ĻǷǳɵ顣
Ҷʼ̫Ŀˣʼ˶ʶʣհʸǶ֪Щ˶˵ף굱Ȼ˵ܲʣʱû¶ҪѹʡҾô㣬Ҳûôʵ
Щһ꣬˵ǱʸŪܲˡ棬Щ˰гղŰͷʸѹסˡⶼȥˣû뵽ոճ·ʡҲ鷳ʵΪǲġѹʱҲûĳ֣кʿĶԿֻͷгֵġЩɣҲûʲô֤ݡ
˵ģȺϹŶȶûзʡϾΧսĶлǰμĴڡȺ˰ϹŶôȥϸϸĴΧȺ
ƾŶԹǵĸӦע⵽ҶʣȻȻȻľͿҶʼͷԼʡһ㶣ȻٵĻǴĪЦݻתľٶҲٶһȺڻ̸̽ϹŶ˳ķ򣬷ǵùߵʡ
ڹ꣬ɵСĵ㰡ϵĵˣ˵ľջЦĿЦ֫һ˼Ĵβͣڸס˾ջѨ濴Ҷʽ̸Լռ˺ܴķȻһҲϳʣûú˼ſϷŪ˾䡣껹Щ飬Ҳ
ǰǻ氡һֱ׵ĵƵķֽϻǿ£ʵиСܰšҲ˵ʮȤǰɻ˺͹ŸսʱѾѹˡװ׵ģŸ豻ɻʹһɻ˰ǧɱʱѧãҪƻһжԸ꣬Ȥ
ʣĳްҪĻ㲻ԣǵģŪôҶðΪã㾲ԡôǺأԹˣֱ˵ġڴҶһȺ˻ȵۡ
죡廰ҲҪʱ˭ôûòͷϣͻȻһ仰ੲݣޱȵŭЩĺһɤӡ
ϷֲԾˣ˶û˵Ŀϸһ£Ҳļ˵þûˣ㲻İôһ̲סҪأ
СƣⶼȥˣôĻӵİԹˣһƵá
ĴЦ˶ˡǰ˶˼ӣҲΪʾӦеķ緶ŵģżӡǴ̸̸Ҫʰ꣬ıҪ˱ľջڸǵڵĺǳꡣʵ̫ˣʵ̲סˡ
ȻҲΪȺϹŶ˵һڿüĿģǺܺ˵ӡֻǱ棬ܳɾΪˣʲôǵġһ̤ʬɽѪģһ;죬㲻Ǳˣ֤˲㡣ǸϺһ꣬СȦǹϵĺƢˣҲ֪ɱ˶ٵѰĶˡ
ʸ˵һΪ侳֮ǰһ̨׵ΪǣҲѹһɱ̫Ӱˣֱ죬û˸׵Ļɱǣ»ɻ˵޺õƢҲ˵ûԭ
еЦض¡¡죬¼ҽ̸һ飬ȫ˹һȺϹҲסЩĻǵͷϹϾǰ˿Ƥ˵ġ
ҵĺ󱲰ɣǰһȺţҪôԸͷڹꡣǿеڹ綼ǵļƻȥˣǡ濪ˣ˿ϺҶʡȻ󿪿ڴԲȻڹ궯֡ǱϾ͵ǣҪ˱Ǻ˾Ͳˡ
ޣ㲻ǡΪΪˣǾܰԲ˴˵ġҪҵǸҿҪҵǸࡣôģҸʲôѵѹ˰ѹôֲ¡Ҷʼ˻ûпڣʾˡȻϳˣҲûʲô˼ˣƿڴš׼˼ûа취ѹһΡ


201 Ƕз
˵һΪѾĲҲ̶ˣ͵ƹˤˡҲ׼һȺǰѹס൱ڹؽС棬ȻʵڵΪѾôĲҲ̶ˣʲôúµءֲʲôΣգЩ˻ĵģԼմȾ
˵ǣҶǻЩɵȫµģв൱һƣʲôԡЩҲʶ˵Ҳûʲô˼ûΪڵΪ˾
ܻӡ
ϻ˵ֻҪϹӶ֪ܻ
ľһ£ⲻӦһȻôǣںǳϹŶǿߡ
ҿһҲСˣ֪ٵˡЩǿ߻Щ飬ǲ˲Ľ顣
ҿ棬츳һϣǸֵýύĴڡ
СԶǿ߼Ƚɼ죬ûзʲôŵ飬Ҳͷᵽɤ۵ģ˼
겻Ҳǿʲô鶼𼱻ǵģ岻áΪĽ룬úϢġΪúϢҲѪһǵ˯ķ˴ľרſٳһĿռСϢⲻ㱻ţϢòô㿴㣬һлңҪҡ˲õ˵̵ģȴޱȣ˶ҪЦһͷɲһûôʵͽİ
㻹˼˵ǻ𼱻ǵģԼ̵ģǼҵٶȱ졣ǰѹǸҵ˯ֱϹǸҵ˯ôӲģʱ޿̶ȡڵľ㿪ٳǿռ䣬飬ұ˷ųˣȻ鷳ãҵǳãǰؼˡһ˵ǣʼֱǻðɣڻϽ͡һ˵꣬ʾһӵıﲻסŭ𣬼ֱҪԼȼˡ
˼ˣ¾ҪҶ֪ҪһЩˣϾʶԷųġҶʵԲ˵Ķչ˵ޱܵӡ˻̻Ƿµķ󣬸óǼǿΪľչ˱ˡҪһ㱻һôܵչˣôǸһǷǳİġǣ޸ɣ
ǺǡҲҲڼʵ˵ƹǣ治޻ڸСôЦǺǵĳ˻ˮȽóġ
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ļΪҲԣǰʣʵڵϷò֡
ҸǺôСƣСҸ㼱һһûаģʼ塣Ǵס˭ҧ˭һȺûһǺû
侮ʯݹҲ˰˭ֵҪѹʵģ档˭ģҪʾģӲ±ϵĿӵģǺӡʲôĿ̻Ǹҿɲÿ˶гаæǿٳһС磬ֹʷųǸĴֱʡҰǱڹôáԹûйҲпҲˣǻ侮ʯǲʱˣΪûϵ˰ɡˣ˺ڹ㣬Ļֿ̡岻ϵĲϵ²ٵľʯ
¼˶ˣһα顣ڽҴʹǻ޾£ҲеЩ졣
ҿĿɿڴ֪ҶʵĿͷ˵˳ʵǲ֪˵ʲôˣԭΪһԵԼû뵽ȻǼ˺ıĽԼȻ˹ԭԼһֱǳٵģȥһǡ˵һֱңʱһԿϷ
ǵţǺݡһҾܻظʵҪǡʱͰ˵İ졣ѹսҲѹհʼˣץģ޲ھ޵Сİ⼸ץԼ뷨ж
ˣˡǲԣˡϲǷǵ·øһģȻһѹ㡣Բϣִˡ


202 в
ߣһ˵ĲͷѿڶȻ˵ųʵʱôȫʵֵģ˵Ļᱻٴѹס
Ͼϣʺֵ̫˭ûкôϾĳںҵĺߵĽʱȻ˵и񣬵ǻǻġһìܣֻþӵĸӡ
ҶҲϽİ˻סͣھܻ𳵡ûΪʻԻ͵ĹȥЩ£Ҳûȥϸ֪ߵ׵ıݡҶʵУʾԼѣʲôӣԼжǸոշųʱһ㹻ˡЩһǲðƶܹѹ˵İҶҲʳԿЩ͸ϹŶץȥˣǾ鷳ˡ
ϵһȺ˶ϸĶʣʵϳһһȺ˶иеޱȵĹ죬ʵ׸ʲô캦ˣôԻ͵ĹȥȵһȺͬ׵ǿղŰѹסȻһȺ˵ĵҲ˵ʵĿ¡ʵµĴڣܵõĴô
ҸʲôûôţǸľȥ߶ǼΣ˳ȥҵ㶫ԡȺС᲻þֱ˵õңʷŰۣûк˵
Ȼ˵ںܱϵĶ¾㲻ʲôϡҲǲĶľȥ˭ܵˡҲѹȺǿ߻ԴʣҪǻǣ˵ĸӵĹ֡
ˣɵ˽ټǰҪ̡⼸ֻ̤˻еϼһ£Ҳڳйأϣ֤ºٰæ֪ͨһ¡Щ䳡ջЩ죬Ͻ˵Ŀ⡣
ˣղôһ֣ҶˡôżǸʲô顣渽˵תƿ˻⡣
ģǰһԶżƿһǿ߽䣬Ҷ֪ˡټ˵ʱʶɢԶµĸӦһ´½ϵһǿߣѾԻʱżźŨżе΢һ˼Ȼǰ
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ǰܹһЩ̫ʱߵַǿӶòˣϧɱ
ʲôֵÿϧģ˾һʤôֻϵ޵УֻǿġûбҪȥĽʱˣֻҪʺԼľͺã
ǻԣ˵Ĳǿִ̫ˡ˶һȻѸٵ׿еҶ̫ˣҪͻȴʼҲ·Ƕ绪һǣ̫ǵˡҲŹ򷨣ΨʺԼĲɾⶼˣûҵͻƿڡʴһż˵ΪǸ߹ǵģȥհǰɣ˵ķ뷨
ǺȷʵĹԶΪʱĹϵżѾķˣΨʣһ㻹ԵĶѾˡҪ֪ЩĹϵҶȥհ뷨ˡͬĶǺӵ˵ͷֵǺӵļӲĵġ
ˣҪƨˡȻ㶼֪˽ΪŰɡǺӷǳ̹ȻĽ˵ƨֱ˻⣬Ҫѿˮ
ʲôϽ˵ˡ˶Щ̫ܳˣˡ
Ҫ˵飬żкܴĹ˵ŻкǿĴСһܵί
ã˵˵ΪżĹϵдǿ߳ˡûʲôЩǿߵĳ֣˴½ƽ˶ĸ֣ضһĶҡһ£˼ʱ䡣
һ˼Ȼͬĵ˵ͷûʲôϵѵǶвɣ
ûвкܴвǶңǣڳĸλ½˵вû˵ļƵģﲻݡ


203 Ƶ
棬Ҳ̫˰ɣ˵ʲôǸֳȺѹ壬Щҿ˵ЩʲôڲӿֳһǿߣɿģҪʹ˶ô࣬ļǱΪǻ㡣˵ʱһսָʤʱҲЩĽ顣ˣǳǿӲ
棬̫˰ɡЩ己ʢչѸ͡嶼ȵĶɽˡЩʶһ֪̽㻹Ҫ¶ˡûһľӢƲӣͲӿֳһȺϵ̨ĺôһƬɽеǿ˵Ҳ
˺ˡǲҪˡôˣʲô˴һô룬ô˵ҲҪ¶ˡҪʱҵһˣףôԲ˼еΡ˵İףͬΪ壬һ壬Ҳȷʵ˵
Ҳǹͣ£˼⻹û˵ҪôǾôķӳôһĿЦô޶˵ľͼŭˡ
˺ˣҲ˵䡣Ŀ˵ǿ׺ϲȻҪ˷ǵʱ䡣ĻǾͬĻȻͷˡ²£½ҲĴ½·ϰٻ޲ŲԵõ治òٴεĴԲʾϿ˵뷨
ߣǿ߶һûмʾ˵ȥ
ҲˡսǣΧﶼ˽˵
ȷʵϧδɢȥϢӦͷɻĺµİɡǺ΢Ӧһ£ȻͶ϶ޡ
ڶҪǿߵע⣬ŸȻʱҲһڨЦɻ˸ǲ֪ķŲŲͬΪ񻹱ȽϺ˵ӡ
ȷʵǲФͷɻµġҲҰѴټԭ򡣡ҲûоԼһܼҵĺʲô˼ġ
ŶΪ£ԼͺˣӣҪҪѹ߹ؽնԸŶɻȷʵЩ鷳ǾͺˣαټǣЩΪԼҵ˽£ŪộʵЩˡ
ߣŸСӣȻʰʰһ˿Щףα겻αŸţҪ˶Լ˼·ûи˼·ʱ֪ŸѸٵľ͸˼·ҪʰԼʱ͸оȼջһ
չŵģҾװ׵ĸ㣬ֻҪһ죬ͷɻ붯֪˵ʲô壬ȵĵλҪǸҶֺ㷭굱˵棬ɻ˾£˹
ʿֱۡ˲ǰԲô˵ɻ˺ԼͬĵλΪʲôܳѹңɻ˰ٰչˡʼֱˣͬ޼飬զôĴأ
˵ڹ꣬ƽʱ㶼̵ģǸ͵ӣô췴ӳôļءоЩ˽ôģǺԼŸɡûпе㱳
ҷӳңǰûп͸㣬ǰϹ۾ˣ㵱ˡ˵
ʲôʱ˵ҪʰɻˡҪ˵ǣȺɻһ硣Ȼܶ¶ˣսǿսģΧ˽룬ǸоˬǱ˵̫簡Ҷ˵ˣǶǸճģֲ֪ɻսǿսֵøȮ˵а׻ǵ·˳ͰʲôġԳȥɽǵ˴ӪҪռɽΪȻҲôһ˵ҲȥãЩ޿ЩطҲ˵ǲͶȥˡȺˣһ仰˼Σǳᡣûʲôӣһȫ
ţеûȥЩط۾ӵǳӲð죬˵ѪǧĲҰϾûһܻܿ᲻ϰʽ룬ôԣ˵
Ǹ⣬ǿǵ׳١ѬģΪΧ󱲵顣ô˵֪ԼˣҲûеǸ˼


204 ۾
Ȼ飬ҲȾ˿ǡ˵˵뷨ǲοοһȺϹŶüͷûЩѰ졣꿴һĮĵӣһʴ˰ѻͷ˻ȥ
ȿȣϷǰһֱ˼⻹һ취ǲ֪лǲСҲ⣬ǳȻĽӹ˻⡣
ʲôֱ˵ĹѾˡ㲻÷Ƕ÷ǺһĲͷǻУû֪ϵı顣
ȿȣ²ǹװַ緶ǱǺǺסˡģħɽ·ϻмءЩطһֱľ۾ӵأҲô꣬ҲలôǾͰЩ尲Щطǰ۾ӡһǵҴܿǳ鷳ԽһЩĴ·Ǹʲô
һĵ⣬ֱԼЩԼˣôһһʯע⡣廹ǿ԰ǰʽ棬øظ壬ܵκεӰ죬һҲưˣõĻҴǳ¶ˣİǶȦʱһͱһͬˣٻ׵ĳ֣ļֱǸţǵ롣
һȺΧ۵Ⱥڶʲô˼̲סֽкáǶǳǵĽ˫û취岻ϻ۾ж͸¶ǿҵĹâʾͬ
УҶûü˵ʲôʱ½ĵˣǳ˯ʱ򣬶Ӷ࣬ķ嶼Ƶǽеļط棬Ҫôǲ㿪ѵɽҪô޷ӵľءڻҪôĶԴҵĺ󱲣˵ĺΪ˲Ӱ壬˵ȦǷ˵ʲôʱ޶Ҫǣ᲻Ӱˡŭֱ衣
ҲԡǿҵʶҪܴءԽǿޣҪؾԽҪʳҪ˴ŵħɽЩطһŶ󣬱ѾԵӵˡٽ󱲰ŽȥǷŸƨӰ쵽ص̸βţ̸徲ôô档ǻôЩνǰǣûиȡһǿҲԴϬͬ˵
ǰδ⿼ǵ̫ǳҪǰ󱲶Žȥԭס̣Ǵңʱɱ۵޳ӵĿ¡ʧȥǵǣκεĹ˼ɡȻվⷽ˵漸ͬĽġǹȷʵǲܣǸȡ棬ǻĻ¡Щǵף֪ʲôʱͻȻ
˵ô죬ҷûˡԤеûУǲϣҲƢ
ҿ½ǾͶ԰֡ħɽΪޣǣǡͻȻ˲⡣
ڹ꣬ʲô˼һʼͺҶŸɣڸʹľƣ浱Ǻ۸ôˣŭĿꡣ
Ҳͬ⣬˿ڲ٣ҪǶȥ˶Ƭ½˱кĳɼ˫ϰ߻˼ͬͻȻǨƹȥܶ鷳ԭеĵٴ˿ѡҲҡͷͬ
Ҳǹ˵Ӧһ¡˿ڲ֪˼һ½ʵǲġҲ˵˵ûָ˻Ӧ
λ۲һÿһһӪΪӪıȡ档ҪǸλ׿ԼӪһЩȫİ취ҪǸλôɢȥ˷ʱ䣬ҲˡҲ㡣ǺûʲôһֱæԲûкǿǣ
Ŷо΢ЩʲôõעûУǺӷʣҪ׿ϵǲܵģϾӪԼɳĵط᲻һ˽ġ
ΪβͬӣͨޡǺҲ룬ֱӸôһ顣
⣬Щ׵İɡϾлǷ˺߾Ӷࡣûа취ЩһԶǵ塣Ҫ干ӣᷢܶѪ¼ġüˣ˼ǿ࣬ǴҶ֪ʵ½½ϰ߶ͬο壬ʱ϶ìܲϣðòɿ
ȻҲȷʵЩףʱ鷳ϡЩ˲ָ֪춼ҪҡҲԷԣ˹һۡ


205 첻
ʲôõģ۸ֻ˵ԼΪˣԼ̫ˣܹ˭۾Ҳãܴ̼֪ڷܣ֪Ŭò֪Ͻ˷ʳֻ֪۸ͬ塣ǺӲ飬ͨ
Ǻһ˵˶ЩҲסϾǶ壬ҲȷʵɹӲ顣˵ЩѿЩ죬ȴûҲҷ
⡭ҲȷʵкôЩ̲ˣʵ໹࣬ҪǶԷ˳ô죿˶ЩĶȷʵļǱҲȷʵ;̫ˣ˵ԹһֱˣҲһ׶ˡȥˣûпȥĵûд̼ûϽġȻ廹ûгֹƲӵ˵Ͳˡ˿ڻǶ󣬲ų˶ٵǿߡ˿ڻǶȡôǿߡ˵ɱгɳ壬սҪԶͬʿǲʵ
ҪĽ׺ԣֹǶߴǾ뵱ˡûѪ¼ķ˵ּ츳ͻӿֳš
뷨ȷʵҪ켶ĸֶ׼߾˶ͽ׵ʿ켶Ҷʻ˭Ժ˭˳۾ʹ˭ҪģҪľӢʱһУҾŶʵҶеĿˮ˳
㣬塣ҿ黹ࡣ˵ˣ˭˵켶Ĳ׼ˣܵôʷŰۣĴҶʡ
벻а˵ˣҾ켶Ĳ£׼ͽ׵ʿͦģʲôⶼˡҶһʣЩԼû롣
ҶʺʵĶԻûпѹڴҶ˼У˼ôܰѹӵı׶ȥһķӳýϽģ˸ţΪȤ
ǼһĶԻˣǽҶʵĶ԰ɡӻҵӵܡҲûʲôֵҶʾͷɵǰ
Ҷһ㶣ûзӦǰͳһϵӣԴº͵
ҶʡҵɣҶʷӳ˹˵û˿ķٶһֱҶָʲô۶ӵĴʵһѺڷ
Ǽһ˵ĺ˼û˵һôĿҶʣԽԽ⣬ʵ֪𾴳һżõӡ
ҪϤҶʵ˵ʱҶʾװƣװӣװԹС
˵Ҫ켶ĸֲ˵ĶԵͽ׵ʿ֮ǰǵĵ鷳Ͷ鷳ˣͶܺõĽˡҶµĸһ飬Ȼûе˵˵Ҫſĺͼ־˳ܶǿ߶ע⵽ˣڿǣɲϣñ˸ϡҶʲµһֿԣ˵ʱ˫͸¶ǿҵڴ
ŶΪʲôΪأϾѾչ̫ˣЩҶʵ뷨Ҳ̫½ϵ״
ģ켶ĸƻʵ̫ˣܱһǳأһߣΪһȻ࣬˵Ƕǣ켶ǿ߾ޱȵϡˣҪͻȻܳһ켶ǿߣ˭ûޣ켶ĸֲ׼֣ǲᷢģ޷ƵĲҰֻЩ󱲣ҲáҪĸֻɱˣֻܹԼΪˡȻҪϸԼʿ׼Է˳֡ҶţҲӳֱӰԼ뷨˵˳
켶ǿֶ̫߳ƻҲء׼ǳֻ֣Щ󱲰ٻޣãҲ̫鷳Ȼ㻹ſһ롣Цŵ˵ͷҶʵ뷨ޱȵͬȻ˵Ҷǰĺͼ־ҶһСЦ
ɻ˹Ÿ˶֣ǣǵжЩɷӣȷʵܶǣǷӵ̨ɳĿռ䣬ֲĶʵǲҲͷͬòҶʵĴ
СӣûеͽܵĴ㣿ȻǵĴûкҲûκε²ܽҵıѧĴ㡣ǺͻȻˣƵĶҶʣڶһ


206 ܾ
ԭڳҶʵĴǵ˶̫šǺԼ˵һûκε²ҲԲκε˸׵ȥһһһĶϣûȢӣҲûоϵľ𡣰ԼĵˣֱǱ̬ˡҪ˵츳ʵĻǺӲãǾһͨ˰ѶٵŶ˽¡
һֱкܶ඼ĽǰȥʦΪѧǺһ׶صϵж˶ˣԼȥԴǺӱԼľġжٵνŶΪ˲ˡǺȴһûпϵģʼǶһˣָһ䶼Ƿǿȴ׳֦˵ѵʦѡˡһǿ߶û˵תͷҶʣôѡһȣ޲úҶ滻ݣش
ǺˣŪһСҶռ˴˵ӡʵԼ͵ˣͲԼСҶӴӦˡڳĶˣܿҲֻܿҪ˵ʲô˼¶˼ɡҶʻûпڣʾֱӶǺӳԷˣһ㶼û档
ллǰĺ⣬ɢˣǲ̣ܽǰܲˡѾ˴棬ܹϵɻģҾͲȥ߶ǰˡҶҲھܾҪ˵ʳҶʾܾкܴĵҵĳɷ֣Ҳ治Ҷʵ˼ҶԼĿھܾˣ˶һĲµ˷ܣҶʴӦ˻ҪˡϾܱǺӿأѾ˵Ҷ츳ʣҪʦָҶʿ¾ͻϣѹ˶ʱľôı̬塣
ҿЩϼһﶼûз֣ˡ֪ˣͲҪֱӵ˵ǺһʵĵЩ޿κΡ
ţѵʣǰһĿۡҶҵģѾʵ֮ǰҶĴҲˣ˭ҲҴˡԾˣһ𾪱顣ӳԼۣûоʲôĲ֮
Ѫʢһؼĺ¯̲ſµֱˡѵʡⶼˣҶΪǴ˵ˡû뵽վȻͼˣȻ֮濴ӵĽˣתŹŸӵĲˡȻӣ˱ˡҶһʼУڴֱ̬ȣû˸ҵڵǽš
˻塣ôһˣѵ˵˻ʳʱطڵҿֵʢϢҲ˲ٵǿߡĻִҵļҿֻһֵ˻Ѫͻסˡ̾˼˵
ߣֻǳԲ˵ᡣҿԺܸĸ㣬Ҷ˻ɡڵ˻ѪҲϡģԴĿ¡ʼЦţҶһôˣҪǻ㲻Ҷʵ״ǰϹ˫ۡѹ֮ǰʲôûʴڵһμҶʱɻˡ
ʲô˻塣ôСӿҲûʲôرİǽ̸Сֲʲô˵飬Թս˾Ͷˡ
ҲģżѾƿͳһǿߣҶʵһЩѹʻԤУ½ϲƽˣӶķһЩ顣Լ൱ǱǸһȺϹŶˣʵԺ˵ҪҶʳųų档ȻҶԺע˵Ļᱩ¶˵ǰԼ˵ˡһԵõ˵ıӻ˾Ҫֿ¶ҪȻҶһЩĽսˣҲ൱ڰҶˡʴԼС̣ҲĵΪҶʿˡ
ҳİһЩһЩһЩȷʵûзʲôرġ֣ѵİһЩȨô񱾹׳ʿ˻һƺһĺӿڵҶʰ죬ϸо˸飬Ȼóһ˿ЦõĽۡ
˻岻ǲģˣ̫ƽʢѵҪôҲ˵ţüͷ
ʲôƨǻô˵滹Щڼǿѹţ˭
ɲǣ̫ҳһţ֮սֻͣмΪͨĻǡóƽŴİɡ
вްڴ·ô˵ˡ̫ǸӢܱ˵ò
˵˻Ȼһʳ֣˻ʵĲС֪ǸûС


207 
˵壿ǼֱǸجʵ̫ˡᵽǴ˵е˻ͷи߲ˣЩ
˻嶼ˣʱ仹ԶôһǰֵġһеҪĽɫ˵յ´½ϵĳȫƲסҪռ󲿷ֵԭ˵˻ʻҪһЩŵǴ½ȫһ˼ϣ½׵ĴңһδϴơԵۻĻеĵߣɱʴɱ֮ŨǸбľ˻ʾʢĻߣ壬£½ͰҲ֪Ǹ˵ǰ˻ʽģ˵˻ΪֹĲбͳεġԹÿ½ңһһؽ֪ڤڤ֮⻹ôġȫͷмĶԾУʤ忪ֻҪ˻ʤʿͬ죬Ը׳Ƴ½ϰ͡ʤʿȵĵͷ˶ŭԣ½ˮС
¹ش˶Դ˸ĹġϣҶܹǿƣһû޵еҰģìޱȡ
ŪôأԺ飬˭Ҳ˵塣˵һξһ־磬⽵һ˻壬ȻǳԽأһϵʿȤ˵ԼȲסЦ
ǰ˭˵ءҲ˻̫еʿѹ̫ˣϵӰ˻ôˣǾͲǵôҲˣ츳þͱҪ˵Ŭݺݵѹһͷδһ׮̸ֻ˻̫ʢˣʿмֱһɽѹţҪѹϢʱʿôһ˵ǡ˻ʣȻǿǾһǿôֲûһʼΪƽƽϣʹɵ˻վһ߶ȵνͨˡ
ȿȣɤӣǲûɱֻ𵽾˵áͦû˻ЩǰĵȴŹġ
ȻȺ˼СĲǽλ֤黹üĿ˻ҶʣҾ͵Ƿһɡͣһ£ĺ
ǺǺǣ˶˻ĵĴЦȻʵǿ˲Ե÷ƣҲûмӣ˾ûǱȽġ
췢飬ȥҲˡ޷ǲĺҲеսǳŸ裬ۺɻˣɻһЩ뷨һ־硣˴ֵƻҲһ˴룬ȻǳûʲôʧǽԷҪ⣬ҪǾȼһ¡һȽ׵ǿƻ̫ǲҲ˴½϶սеͽ׵ʿܹмܵġֹһԺֳָʲôŸȥʲô׻ʲôģǾ鷳ˡ˵ʲô˰ɣЦЦҲлھòӣһ£鷳൱ҪǽˣҲи׼
ס˳һֱһﾲĹۿòȷʵ쵼ĲܣһͰѱ˴
ףǾǲˡãҾϸ˵һ¡ԺɵĳûɵĲСȻǰǲ׼Ԥճһ㣬ǿ顣Ÿ˵˵һЭ̵֮ǰҾѾɵĹʶһϹŶûʲôҲʲô˶ֱֻ֪Ӹͷѯʣʵôˡ
ҡͷʾûκε飬֮ǰѾЭ̺˵ġĹսĲ廹壬ͬʱҡҡͷ
ǳĺãǵȽϵͳһ˵飬ԺöҲǴ֪ġȻǽ壬ȻҲҪĹأȻһˮҪƽȻԵλѾȲӦˡ壬켶ĸ֣׼ⲻ׼ǲǵߣǲ⶯켶ķĴ򶷳֣ȥˡȻҲȥ壬սǱ󣬲ʲô̫ĵֶΡڹƽĶԾУ˭˭ƾ£ʱǿ߲ʤһ鷳Ҫ˵ģҪ˽Υˣ߲ǵһ¡ǴԿܲܰץסˣһӡƽϣǴ˳סˣû˸һǵľġ


208 Ļ
ôģǶΪڿЦǰɡͬ⣬ҲڷԡĬǸʲô˼ѵǶкܴǲھվ˵˵뷨ܴܲǡΪܹƶµĹ򣬳ȫɷüˣ˺þöûκε˱̬˶üͷҲ֪ڼʧ˹治ˣǶǵɣǵȭͷȭͷӲϷ͵˲ҪǣӲҪԣֻҪµĹԼҪԽȨҪˡ
ûûûû˶ѣһ亹֮ǰʾĺƢǶԺˣһȺǲĴڣǰͲҪʲôƽʲôġϺ˵ǿϷˡǰһЩҪ̫Լһ¡
ܺãҷǳ⡣Ҫ鷳һ飬쵽֪ǹصıϾҪͷǻ֪ͨһ£ʲôѰʲôĸԼԼѵľѡȻʱǼݵһˣ˸͸Ľ̲ǾͲˡָֻһЦı飬ͻȻڼүүޱȵĺͰףޱȵĺ˵
鷳鷳ǰǰӦõģ˻ûᡣֳɹĦǰǵķɣЩû˶ûеĴ˵ȥҪɷǡ˶ҵڿĻӦ淭ȷ黹Ҫ죬ǶЩˡҶаĸ̣ʲôǵݵһ˸Ľ̲ģ⻰ôôأǼô
˵鷳鷳ˣÿʱ򲻿ÿʱϹˣûʲôˣ߰ɣǵ֪ͨλÿһ˵ҶסˣԺʲôӣû֪ͨλҿҪʻŶǺǳһ䣬ȻЦе˵
ߣߡ˶Ҫˣͷôô鷳˵ģʵ˵ġԭ֪ͨҪõļˣŪǱ뾡ľˣƽʱгĶƨƨߵȥҪǡþˣԼҲ鷳вǳв
˵߾ߣһȫɢȥˣܵޱȵĿ죬ͺǻƨƵáɻҲתˣһƵĲӰͷսޣǸɻһģڿɻ˶ˣҲתһܵˡ
ͻйŸ軹һԵü˳۵ķ䡣дһˣΪĹϵ⣬Ҳûм뿪
ˣ˵ȶˡҪҪȥ۾ۣôûмˣͦǵġ滹ǸЦ飬ѯˡ
ǸˣžͶġһԿ˵ϾջһѿҪαôһȭǺƣüͷס̶ֵĳ嶯
д⣬֪Ρͷͬ⣬ս
Ҳã;һۡ꿪ڣļҲͷӦ
һǳ滰ȻһȺϹŶƽʱͿģǶìܡĶǵʱȥˣ˳һǾԲǳϰġЩıչزһֱڸشܹͻƵߵľ磬Ч롣Ȼ˵ʵ˳ĽǻǸоôһ㱡谭һͱƺʱȥֺô޷ȥ
Ѿˣ쳵һζԼͲСҲ֪һ׵Ĵڻڲ䣬ûСûҲҲûеطȥ̡
ǰ˶ĸоЩץġ˶ͬһģʱͻƵ״̬Ҳͬıչ˺ܳʱ䣬ÿĶһֵýĵط
ȻڵжԵĹϵǾͻջӵĴ󣬴ҶǺԸġȻҲԳûĴһܣܸõĽ⣬̵ܸᵽԷķ
ǺΪ֮ǾҸطˡŸúõдǣҪһںΪ֪ģھͷŹˡߡ潻˹Ÿһ䣬ͷȥ
Ҷʣúʲôģʲô鷳ѰһҴϰɣúõҶʣҪʲôģ͸˵ġҶʵͷȻתԴϽһ䣬ҲųˡҶʣڱ̬ȣҲ൱ǸҶһŻ
סҲ˼ɵˣ˲Ļִ񣬶ԶȥӰ˵
ڱ̬ˣǿ߰ɡ꿴ףҲûʲôԥȥ


209 ս
ڣؼԪûƬ½ǴУǿ񱩵Ԫ˳Ԫҵķӿţ½ǴڿеһҶСۣʱиĿԡ
е̫綼סˣȫĵ⡣½ȴûڰбǿҵĹâšɫ½һͨ͸âʵЩֱۣ̫ĹâҪǿҡⶼһȺ˴սʩչĸֹâȻԪײĦġ
ǲǵѵʯ鱻˵Ĵսķ飬˸ϸСʯ꽵˴·ϡϸСʯҵĦⷢȣһĻɷǺÿȵڵϵʱѾ˻ҽҲûгԱûʲôɴܷĲҾ緢ȻҪʯҲ˾úÿˡҲ©֮㣬иĸͷϴʯֱӱҲһɹɨ飬ڿƾ档
һգսʼʱվͲ⡣żܹǿҵĹâȻŵǾ޴ĺ˶ûȫ֣̽ŶԷ
ڵڶտʼɱʵʣΪ˵Эͬսнųһ޴ӡݺݵ˽ϣһֱıҵǵ˻ɽУѵ涼̳һ󶴣ɢɱϯΧһֲѸٵĿݻƵ㡣
һϾһʢ磬־ѧһǺӺĻȥǺÿһǳ貣ǻԡһȫ¶ǻ԰סӰⰵԵøۣǴһǳס
һĽնǺӣɫսನĹâ˴½һɽֱǳеӰȥ
죬һͷݺɱǧÿһƬ⣬ƵһɽӡͷһӰƮƮ죬Ԧʥ½ս
𣡡һҲһͬĸ߿һͷľ˫졣ǿ׳˶ͷͬһӰ񻰴˵еսս졣
һͷһɽлǿУ֫ÿһض΢΢𶯣ǺоһŻ߼ŵǳ鿪ܲĻƣشϡȻжһɽûнӽ͸о˾޴ѹ
ǿҵĴսˣƬҪԶĴ½΢Ķҡ֪ƻǶôǿҲҺǶ֪֮⣬ûаѴ½Ϊս
иɣھǺɽײ޹ڴɱķĳգչͻȻʧˣɫʰ߲ҲĻظĵ˴ء
˶һǴսѾֳ˽ǴҶ񣬵õԼҪĶͬʱˡս׳׳ۣ̫ںˣȻ֪ЩϹŶڿԵûսನɢ˶ǿľġǱĵһһ©֮պþԼĸǾͳԲ˶ߣ鷳ˡ
һսס˴½е飬֪һ˷ܣͬʱ˶ʵĿϾǿԼۿġ֪ĻΪشˣƵҪˡ
ⳡĿǰսսķͽޱȵͻȻҶһЩҲֻ֪ʲôʱģǵʲôʱҲ֪ΪһȺǿȥ󣬾Ҳû˵ǰֹˡ
ҲޱȵĸмһǾսսģǻ¹ʹޱȵͷޱȵ鷳½ôƽǾʹ֮ǰսϱǿ߸û˼󲿷˶ϱǿ߶Ѿˡ˵ҪͻȻȥǣιšһȺ˵ǰǺǰĴˣһֱڡǶԴ½״ƶµϷ򣬴ҶأȻ͵ű𡣡
ҪͻȻȥЩЩûм˭šڼ˰ⳡս˶ΣˣжһЩɡ˼һЩѵɽƬȥһ˵ϱǿߣĿµϱǿƶµĹ˶հ죬´ҾͶ˰ɡ


210 ¾֪¹
ϱǿ߳ˣǻʯġƶ¹ݣ켶ǿ߲׼Ķ֣ߺԸĳǳĻֻҪ£ҲǣҪǲȰģԸϢǲ˳ں̵ܶʱھʹ˴½ÿһǻ鶼ܹϤ˵ҵ
ûа취ûа취мģǸһʱĬһ䣬Լʱһ͸ˡжٵ˽ǮûйϵֻҪû⡣˻ؼҵ·ҲûйϵҳǳѲߵϢͲаһһʱ嶯ˣѪˣȻּˣͷô졣ҪԴİûʲôûˡ
ҥ˵ĿЩǿ߶Ϻ˵ʵ϶һӵĻˮĥ˵Ļǧٹֵġܰһĥϼʱ䣬ֶλģ˸Ūƨͱ֮ǰǿĴսŪ˾֮ʿӵĺˣƲס򼸸΢ģ˱ֱų˿ġΪԽߣԪĸӦԽ仰ĺʶҲԽأû˻⵱һȺڼүү˵Ļ
֮ǰӵνİлޱͷ۵ʿϾҪԼĳҲԼģԼĻ⻹ȥǷǣºǻԼ˵İ֪ΪԽߵԽϧȺϹŶȷʵ㹻߶аɣеĸ˳֮ǰΪܶȵģոȥҵһˣԼһ˵Էֱӵͷˣޱȵϣ֪֤أû⡣Ļ
ЩСģ©Щˣ÷ԸģԼԭǼ˵Ķ飬չ׳ˣǰ켶ĸ֣ľͷȻɿһðһѣòֵǮˡ
ڼ䣬Ÿ谴չҪ󣬶ҶһĿóԵģÿģģӽͣŪļ˶⡣Ͼ֮ǰŸ輤ŭɻˣǵᣬǹֹ˵ġŸˣԼΪѾù治ˡҶģţʸţöԲʣȻҲҪڵҶʡǺӸǶҶмӣڵҪҶΪͽܣǱҶʾܾ˲֮൱жλǿ߱ݻҶ츳ضܹɳģδҲԵĴ㣬ŸȻǲҿ˵ġ
ȻϼӴƤˡ
ڸûʵսǳСбϵĳʱĴ룬԰Сӵߣʲôľʲô˹İʲôġиһĲϰ˸ֳʳĽţ⣬ĽƵҰӣϹӦоС
һоΪֺҶһȺСӵĻģȻҪҶʡ϶˹Ƥпй˵ͷŸһЦһܼһҶʵԣȡҶʵĸܾˣŸ赱˿ġҵ£һȺ˳ֱҲϰˣҪЩСĶʱ򣬾ͶҶ˵ҶʴΪڣùŸ跭þ㡣
ҶЩ͵ĳ˯˯˳ԣʲôܣַſڣɰӡҲ˳ȻĴ˭ǺҶʵĹϵš
⽴ţⲻζüˡ⿾ӾͲһЩζЩˣҪܰѽţĽ֭ζ϶áҶ˵Ųãȴûͣ٣һֽţ⣬һֿõģԵ͡
ҶСֵܵķԸȥŪһֻ֭ùȥֻҪҶ˾һֱҶʵĹŸкһ︹ҶȺӵĹܼңԸ
ܼңǣû˵˰ЩʦҲӦòİɡ
Ÿ裺ҶСֵ˵оУûнҲҪŪҪǲģֱӽ㹤Ǯˣȥһ
ܼң£û˻ɡõģõģȥȥ
ܼҿҪˣ⸮ϵĳһݣҲġҲʱ͵͵ЩֵĺòТݻޱȵ⡣ҶһȺ챩ʳóӼӰӵûгԵϿζʳˣȻҶʼûʲôøС
Ÿ˵͹Ժ˭ТԼأǶµ˵ϼûģǿŸ費ϰѻʻ˶
Цû˿ңȻܲԼôТ˳ƾԼܼҵĵλźôҪΪ飬ԼˣԼȥ֮ǰТԼݻТԼһ㻹ܹ׵ġ


211 Ҳȥ
Ѿ֪ҶЩĵڶٸҪˣһģŸ趼һһ㡣Ҳ֪ЩжΪҶʵĹϵʧҵˣڵĳļҶһ롣
صԪѾظսѾˡǶûлϲ֪ǵڶٴιˣǶûеҪȵˡ
룬ǿѾɢȥ˰ɡ˵Ҫ໥Ĵ̵̼ĸӦؼĴҲȥ˰ɡⶼܳʱˡ
Ҳԣʵ뵱ѻԶԷ˺İȫǲõǵġѧԺҲôˣҲ֪ʲôˡĸͷҶʵ˰ʱҡƧҲˣҶЩ⡣
ҲҪʧôã¹񶼶ѻɽ˰ɡӿָ˸ͷоЩͷۡ
ҶˡǹŸ裬ǾȸˡҲǣ̫˶ѡ˵ŽҲ˹ǰϿ滹ҪռϷ磬Ҫûаյ飬λô׵ĴӦԷȥνľһء
ԭħɽԶżŸġżоһЩ۵飬Ϯ޴һѾ˺ܾˣ綼ûȥˡ˹ŸǳɻˣȻɻҪսǣ˹档һϹŶһǿߣսе˼졣ǰʵ̫ˣʵЩĸԵļҵˣ綼ȥˡҪߣȻһļϡ
һ˶ŹŸ΢΢˹̧֣뿪߳˷䣬ҶʻһڵӣʻſڲһѵĿ֮䣬߶ûиϵ˼
ŶҶʡôϣ˼ûзҶʣתЩɻ
Ŷһȥһ䡣ҶЦ˵ĵĲھ͸ϻȥ
滹ʲôùġû˵ôӽһȥʲôĵطҲԼʱҡüǰ֪ҶʺǱڸǱ֤ʵˡҪİҶʸֻ֪棬Լ츳ķˡ
ҲǼʶ㣬ʲô֪ġҶҪǲ֪ģһҡұֻ֤֪֪Ķ֪࣬١ΪĹϵ˵ܸҶһЩļ⣬ȥҲһ̧ͷһŴ˿Ĺĵġ
ʵĻҶʲסĸ̣û˵һʱ䳤ˣʲôƨû˱֪ĸӵˡֱһ㶼ףռˣܵʱҲʲôʶ㣬ȫǹƨʱദҶʷ֣ݱȽϾ֮⣬ȫûй֮
ô˵޷ǲԼɽʱˣʲôŹŵģܲϰߡҪ㶼벻׵ģҶҲͲܰ˺ƵתҶˡҶҲͬĴ㣬ɽԾҴ
ɽãǶԼһ顣˵ȥǶʱڲȥˡ
㲻ǻϴϴҩɣİɣ涼Ϥĵˣǲʲôʲôһ˵
治ȥʲôҩ飬Ժ͸ˣûҼɽϻɽġҶֹţֱӾͰѺƧˣһ㶼ûһһĵսľĺƧ顣
Ƨչˣûкúõĸչ˺þˡ⻹ֱӾ͸ĻãŭˣúƧúõչˡԼϵʱҶʾͲˡڸ͸ҶʣԼʵҶʸɽȥôϾúΡ
ģ㻹˼˵йɡʵĸң˵ҶСӺܻˣ˵ҪҺôһ룬һѧԺģʲôĻûмû뵽ҶĻûмСܹܵסҪǹܵסҲˡƧҲŭˣΪҶʵ飬ÿǷҴϵģɲУǸõ󡣵첱ӴֵĻؾͷһ䡣
ʲôҼʵĸ㡣ҵʱǲǺĸģҿԼ̰ŵĺôŴӦġںôûˣ㻹ҸȳˣȻͲˡҲǺǵġ
˼˸ӣģ㻹˵ֱ׳ġôõˣôѵôƧޱȵίⶼʲô°ºݺݵĵҶһۡ


212 ֱ
ҶڨڨһЦҲǹʵʵæڵĹŸ裬ڴһȺǰװޱȵʵôҲû뵽³ɺһڽսˡ
ߣҲ̰ͼСˡˣҲ㳶ˣŵĺôҲҪˣûˡҲЩǱϾҶʲˣûˣеģûˡ
ԼСЩΪ֮ʲôģʲô鷳ܻҾǿĺܡתͷҶһ䣬ȻתҪ뿪
ˣϡҵĸأôˡǰд΢չҵĸףһв̰ڵḺ̌˴Ķ۰ҶʳסҪ뿪Ĵϣڴ׵ĽϾͻȻӳɽȻһֱûлؼҹˣҶҲЩ֪׵
ŶҶսûҹô뿪֮㸸׾ͻظʵȻҴ뿪ˣ˵ҪȥһҪĵط㡣ôǲҲûиҪȥʲôطֻ˵㵽һľ֮Ȼͻ׵ġҲˣΪȥ㡣Щɻһֱû뵽ʦҲ켶ʵҵǣ¶ԴҶսӶ˶
ţѾˣҲûмҲû˵ʲôҪĵطҶɻˣôͻȻˣֵֹġ
ǿǴΪ߹˰ɡİɣڵʵԿġ˵ΪȥˣͳˡϺƵһ㶼ֻϣҶܹúõ˵겻ҶʵĻᣬתͷڿԶȥˡ
Ҷʵȫǲõĵģһǿı˭ҶֵġʵǿûԸǵģΪһ˻塣ҶȻ츳˭ϣ츳һʱپ񲣬Ҳ˭ȥϵʵΪһ֪᲻ز۵Ҷʣȥǳһ壬Ҫ棬ֱǲǵľ
˶ףߵʱһ£൱ǶԹŸ˵ģæտҶʡʵŸԣ޲ðҶʸˣͲѵģҲܹõŸϤչˡ
СҶӣҲȻȥˡԼذסúõĻ죬ǶҶʵļͷһˮ׳ʿһȥⲻ̬Ļûװƾͱӿͷݺݵûһ£ץסˡ
СҶӣ˵ģúõĻ죬Ҳɲܶ˸缸ʱпˣ߹ʱ͹棬˵ֵܶӡסˣݼӣ༸ǧ̫ˣҪᵽ˶һıĵı顣ҳ˵ǰͷʱֵܶûսҲҶʵļתͷеĳˡ
أллصĻȽϼ򵥣ҲŨꡣ
ϣСͦʺģЩסҶѣʸҲͲҪˣ˭أ԰ɡҶҡҡͷ֪˵ʲô˼ִļһһֱţǼ⣬ԿȰ˵һ䡣
Ҷʵ٩Լ֣ԲСƤСצӣֱŰۣȻҶʵĵ٩⡣
һȺ˶ˣֻҶһ˺һʣոմܳʱһ˵µɣҲµʵ飬ʼ˼ζͶͬ顣
ҶҲף뿪õѡšϾµĹ϶ɵĹͻͻᱬһЩìܡⲻһȺϹŶʵˡﲢȫϾӽ쿪ʼ·ϸӵӡӴˣʲô޺˶УǸڳ߰ȫȹһʱ䣬·ϵӦµĹڳҲ١
ȻһڳǵҪȽϸߣǲǶϸҪӿ죬ȫսǸźƧǰأǱ簮ŵġǲ˵жʱ޿̵Ķ
ϾǿɲԼһţжصĻݻǹŵá
ҶͻȻеˣǰЩϼһֱڣȻҶ»ôΪΪǻҶʾúǲŵĸоһֱϣܹϵ˵ߡˣ־Щ˹ŵĸоˡ˰ǷҶǶԼ˵
ҶʿһӵʳͻȻЩȤȱȱˣڿҲζˡЩɺټĳҲʧȥȤҲ뿪ȥԼ˼


213 ŭĹ
ʲôҲҪߣʲôζôҪڵȵȣӦþͿҪˣһհŶǣǵܸõտ㣬㰲ȫŸбϡŸһҶҪߣ¾ͼˣһż֮£ͰĻ˵˳Ͻ˹ĻƤΡ
ҶʺεȵĴŸ趼˵©ˣҪǻףǾˡ֣ŵĹŸ磬ϵƽƽΪǹΪһΰǳصĳȫûбҪСôϤĵչˡԭǺ¹ʰҲ֪浽׶Ÿ˵ʲôôӰ³
ллųĿھҪȥʶһ浽ҳʲôӡЩˣҾͽ軨׷ƻ͸ųˣףųܹƽƽġˣ뿪ˡҶȻ֪Ÿ˼ǲûϵĴ㡣ΪӵĿ£ѹŸ趼ԵģӶǸĹͷҶʿûȤĹͷྵ顣
ʱҶһİҶͰ͵ģͳһմƻҲɾֱӵݸ˹Ÿ裬˳ֶصڹŸϲ˲ָ˿Ϻõ˿񣬵ȻǳеĶװˮⰡʲôģȻҲǳеĶҶףеһʱ䣬ԵĶǺóԵģζˣһĶ¶ԲȥˣΪ֮һӿǣܴپʹ١ҪǿܵĻҶʶѳӸˣԼԡȻǲܵģǳҲһֻ۱һֻۣԼŸ˵ܣҲ㰡
ŸüͷǿûпڣҶСһ̾ܳȥˣȫ˳нյķŰ䲼ĳŸ裬Ӿͳ˰գԾ˳ùŸüͷ
Ÿץƻʱֵ壬Ҫ뵽ҲԼĶοЩҶʵڳкԺȵģȥ˲ٵӡⶼǮŸЩʹݺݵҧһƻŨƻ⿾ζڿл˵ζЩأڵľͰһƻˣͷơ
ϢŸ߶εĹ治֪ʲôʱ󣬺ݺݵ˹ŸԴһ£صѹŸ趼һ
棬ԭ˼ҰʲôʱģҲǰ֪ͨһҲô㲻ǡԭЩźҶʵŪһӵĻǻʱ޿̵Ķѹס÷ͻȻһ£Ÿŭֵ˲ﵽֵתͷҪġǹ棬ԭҪִӲıƨ˱ħһ˲˼Ц
ҡҿЩ춼ʱ޿̵ôŲܰҶСһźĶ԰ɡһŭݡ
ǰѵ㲻˼ôŸˣⲻȥνľһ֮ǰôôЩˡѵԼźĲã淢ˣ
ʲôʱźǺԺˡТӣڻ˰ܼӡ㣬ЩǶ˶ˡ
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µĿ㻹˼˵ûб°ѹ巢Ҳˣ£ܼҵı㵹һʵǳһֻɻˣǣϵĻװúõĿҶô죬Ǿϵġôͳһܼҵ˰Խ˵Խֺݺݵĸ˹Ÿ¡
ѵ㲻˼㲻˵ҺúõĿҪǿ㻹ҪʰҵôŸһƣСıš
ʱô˵棬ܲô˵ôȻǹĵϣôĲôĲܵ΢ŪЩóԵĸҲˣõôŵģô˷ô˼ΣЩɸְ
ԭҲϲӹ̰ҲϲŶҲ˼ף棬·ô¡ĽͣŸ˲ֺˣǿԽԽɫϽĸĿڳˡ
ȿȣһȻҪ໥ĵˡǳûûصģͰΪҴˡǰһ緢ŵĻɽĹ˲ˣЩȻʱĹһõģ·״ԭɢԺͷ߰һѣϸЩ໹ûɢȥ
ĹŸ豻ˣûϸȥ۲ղҲǼǣʲô˵ʲôҲûϸ롣ǿһӣŸϸϸĴţЦսеؤڵĹ洩ĺá


214 ӣ
ҪǸЦҾͰսǵĳſڣһ¡ĶŹŸ衣
ܰҵĳ֡ĸ쵰ôݣȥʰȥŸ˲Ӽֵ˼ʱһЦ鶼ûˣ۽軮ޡ
ϻ쵰ݣôҪȥұ𣿡治֪ǲжȤζЦĶŹŸ衣
ܰǵʵȥˣô·أսನ˺öˡȵôҶͷˣҪհķɣڲų˶߹ˡŸϽĸĿˣСֹš
˲ŭˣǰδеıŭ𶯵ķ죬߷вĻҳ
ŸϽȾܣٶȺҶ뿪ٶеһƴ˾ͻᱻһƵáҶ飬ȫԼԼŸһбһٵĳ嶯
͵ˡƢôĻ𱬣ôŸûĶڳĴſڣһ㶼ܲļҶѾǹ
ŸڲҺ޹棬Ȼǹ˼ȷԼ޽ɵġŸѺȫתƵҶʵϣСӵԭҪ֣ôᱻһȺϹŶءϹŶأͲ˵ôģɵĻԼͲ޽⣬ʲô鶼ûˡ
붼ʹԼƽʱԵûôݳޣװ׵ıҶСˡŸ뵽Сʱһ˶İҪȥҶץһٵĳ嶯ҲˣΪ˼ٵķǮȥҶһٲ㣬СҪǻȥôһ״ԼҪùˡҶҶʳȥˣһٶҲ䲻ԺСøĺôرŸǵİοԼʱ;һЩˡ
˵棬ǸоԪײನʱҲսʱ򣬹Ѿˡһã˼һȺǰ֣ʲôǰֵķ緶Ͼȫûˡʵǿûٴεսǻϣͬȫ²ģ滹ôƤǹע¶ġ綼ظңϴµˡ
ͱȽϵùˣصҿһȺڣҪԼǰֵĹŸһȺڸϺԺȡҪ˵Ÿֻһ裬ϴˡûطȥҲûа취ȥʵڲǰ¶档Ҳã̫ۡϵļҶ˼࣬Ҳûʲô徲Ľ䡣Ÿڴõķϴ˼죬һֱȵȥڼŸΪ濴۾ûֱӰѹŸڳſȥŬĿƵˡ
սǣģǲࡣһŷµţֵṆ̀ޱȣޱȡݵĽҲΪǷԭ붫ķԵ𣬳ķ顣붫ȣԵҪֿЩĽԵҪϸһЩˡҲҪ鱼һЩҪһЩԭġ
⣬¿⣬ֺţ˶˵á
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ڼҿĸſѡСܵ˳أҪʵѡش˱ݾؿʯ߹·ǧҪǮǰûǮ˳
·ߴʽĽбݽͷ׬ǮıġҶĽζģҲ;ȻζˡԭȶڴҲ͵࣬ҲûʲôرҲӣǼʶˡֻ˶Ǻͷ۾ģͷɫģ۾ҲɫģҲźͷ۾ġ
ʣ˵ǶҲûʲôΪʲô˫ĳɼôءҶɻˣɺĿѯʡ
ô֪뷨ǧٹ֣Ҳ࣬Լ˶ġҲǳԶû¸ɣҸУΪȥĶɡʷ˷ۣڴ
ҶȻʧЦԼ֡ΪһԱԼ벻׵飬ʲôáǰʿǺ绽꣬úܣ߾ֱˣȥЩ߰㣬Խ벻𰸵顣ʶ̵ĶҪļǿ߰ɡ
ʵ̫ˡǰʱž˷ܲϵͻȻˣǲϰ߰Ҷվ˵ۡ
ſҶʵļͷģֱۡǰʱǹĳ˾ϲʿҲǾӶ࣬ϲûСһ첻ԵߣԲעͻٲҲֻҶеĵ۵ı̬Żɡ
ҪȥӰɡԭͻȻ˾񣬸߸ߵ̧ͷԶΧ£һȺ˸Ź龫ֵĹâ


215 ʵЩİ
ǰͷܶĽֵԵʮֵӵѴ·ΧˮйͨġɫͷǰȥģʮֵͷΡҶʶſ˰죬Ҳûоʲôÿģû˵ʲôط
ѵҪȥռˣް˰ҶͻȻ֣ǰΧȺУҪռʱҶΪԼˣ𾪵ԸӡϽһλһĵĿʡôô¼ˣԼġ
ʲô˰ްģ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôȥȥûŪףһ˷ܵĶǰûתͷҶһۡ
¼ϲߣҶǰһ̻Ȼģһ̾ͱ¶˱ԣһЦĴߴʡ
˾񣬲ҶʵļͷſţԼҶʵļŤŤľȺ漷ȥҶҲϽĸϡ
Ҷе㲻̫һʲȥռʲôСˣҪʳĵطе֪ΧȺڶ˿ˣûʲô֫ϵĽӴҶʰԼһ䣬˰ʵƷˡѾȺҶҲ鷳ʿٳͨ˽ȥ
Ⱥһֿĺӣ¶ž׳߸ߵĹһֲӣһ˫Ьĺֻ΢ĽʵЩһ۾̺ܿſµԭȻ˵ټҲټֵ
Ͽһ븽͵Ĵֿľګż˺ۣ伸ӱһʵıǻһͷŨܵĺڷһٲһɢԺͷһ޷ס˺ɫٲ
ϵӦһͷţڻΡӦһȺϹŶŪ¹򣬶Щ棬ʵðյġ
Ҷʲ²ĲǰΪֿĺӣȷʵһͷţ츳ǿҲֻЩĵ׵ΪڼǿҲǿʵǲġһֱǶôĳ˾棬ǽһҹ֮ʹµµϷͷţŹֻ˾ͽսǣˡʱ򣬳ⶼΧһѵޣﶼЩԥûȽˮġ
Ǵţ羪һģдķ˻ûпôġ㿴Ķʬ壬ǰȥЩ޿ֻ޵ӴҪܵĳǳôΧ۵ġⲻһͱ˸Χסˡȫһĺ棬ָָģȻƽӦԣЩͷˡְ¹ǿţҶ֡
ۣ󺺺Ͱʵ̫׳ʵˣ˼ˡ
ǰǰ˵ǽµпʽôͷϻһԼǣʵ̫ˡһȺƯĹզզģɫĶűǸ߸¡ؼҪǺӺǵĿӴǶ᲻˼Ťͷ
ĸ峤ô׳ʵġӦһͷޣǿޡͷϵǿž﷢ҲǼٵװƷȻҲӿȥˣ˵ԼĲ²⡣һЩʺӣһʾԼĲʶ
ʣȻǹؿζİôƯķ羰㲻ƫƫҪһĳɵݰҶˣܵӣмͦƯͦ۵ġĲɵĵϷʡȺӵزĹĵģϵشˡҶʿЩشԵĸоˣϳˣѱͷĴɱ
һΪһȺޣû뵽ôһֻûЩʧˡЩڳҲûţĵʱڳһΣʩչ˸һ꣬ҲûʲôӡǸ߰ò˼ȶĻŮıϡ顣
ʵȻǳϷӵģҪһһ޽ǵ׻ֳʲôޱȵʧϱ˵ʲôҰˣĶûһֻ·ſڵǿ˲ٵ޾ۼڳ⡣
Զľ͸Ӧ˳޵ϢϢʱ޷ʧģױϳŴҶΧֳۣЩӣȴһͷţʾЩˡеˣӦǺıȽأ䵱ǵ̽·ȷá
ҶʣʵЩġиĵע⣬֪ܲȫ֧ҡһת˲һӣЦѯҶʡ


216 ʵı
ɣҶ붼ûͻشˡҲ˵ˡһı飬ҶʱܵĸоͿ϶ûʲô¡
㲻һ£ҲкôģҲһ£û뵽ҶʵĻشôĸɴ࣬ǱҶʸҭסˡ
ʲôô˵ҿǿǡҶ䱸ţʵƷǲզģСΪƽʱһˣοЦôʱ
ܲȰ㱳ϵİһ£Ͼܸ㵼ݳһϷ۾ֱĶҶ˶İЩ˼Ĵ˴֡
ҶİôӳһֱڡʼȺʱҲ֪˶ٵֻΧȺڡҪģ̧ͷ˰˶ĳӡǣѾŵ͹𣬺Ҫŵ˵ǰ˱ߵĻȫһڿˮ໰˻ȥ
ЩΧȺھͻ˵ˣôһ㲻ڴУŪϣôҶʻǳȷĸ㣬Щᡣûа취Ķˣĵطʳ
צ죬Ҳ̫ʨӴ󿪿˰ɡôһȫҪҶƴҡͷӦԼôˣצҪȫҪȥ˵ŶûоûСҪǵ˷㣬ҶһĻԿǡʱǷ㣬ҪҲ̫̫ˣûˡ
ֲҪ㿸ôһģһҲԲ꣬㱳Ŷ˵ʱԼáʼˣһʱ죬Լ뷨˵˳
Ҫ㻹Ҫôһ˵㵽ʵĽͣȻ˵Ҷʻһͷĺߣޱȵơ
ˡֻҪϸңĸŪһϷ֤սǶǹǹŸͷȥɡ˷۱Խ˵ԽǼֱЩˡ
ģҪֲҾͰ˳ˣ͵ǻʳҶЩɻ󣬲ǰеĴӶʡʲô˷۱ıҶһͷĺߣڳԺ˼ôһʼʹԸĨˡһ䲻һ˿ô
ʸϽצץסҶʶĴӣ̫ʶſһ˷ܣץŴӾŤŤķɳȺҶʸϽתϡ
һһٵʧڽֵϣܣꡣƬ֮ҶָΪ˽ֵϡ괽ݰ׵ģģޱȵĿΣͷһ¹ǣһĴӣſζ
ȻҶʣǰܵһ˵Ľ䣬һԺӵĽ䴦ʻûһݰ׵꣬һǣǱͺ¹ƣҲû˻ϵʱ˵ģҶʶĨһЩŷԺӡڼҶޱȵĿܣʾǲͣΪڴǸӣҶˡҪԤڵûг֣ʱ³ɺһ㣬˵ĻʼڻϿһ
İɡſϷˡҪ㲻⣬ԸڻϿΡʵܲҶˣЩëԭģڶЩɵвˡֻԼźݻԼ˾··֮ʷֻˡ
ˣһ˵ҾͿˡбһˣҿŶëûǷǮһŵ˱ˣҵϣҿɲ˰һһĽֵֿǸȺתͷҶʻһϽĿѵ
ߣĺˡ㻹รɣҪû˵ʲôӡҲʧһ⣬ҪһˡҪЩʲôϡҶʹܽŵظƽʱЦ飬˵ĻʾøӵĴ˸
磬ҿٴο˰硣һһٴβѴ֮ͼӵȺҶʻûʵҪʲôԼҪʲôʾֱӳȥһס˶ȺŲͷ˵ţĴ֣Ｄһһĺšֱһ˺òҵʧɢֵһижģ˵ġʻļ裬ҪƻʵıݺͼƻҶֳһݼ
ǣţϵķʧˡͻȻץס˫֣Щµı顣ȻʵĻϵı˴㵡ͷ˵򵥵ͻȻôһˡ


217 ͳԷ
磬㲻ʶ˰С¹ұǻ׷ɱһˡ·Ȼûг֮֡ȺǻŽҵĻץţֱۣһѱ飬һģţһֵġ
ҶʿĿɿڴҪϤʣ֪ʵı塣Ҫ֮ǰʲźԼ̸һʽףԼȻ˵ǲ̫ʵļƻ֪ϷҪ֪ЩҶʾĿˡʵݼʵǾˣֱС˰
С¹ҿɲǵҾȹʲôС¹˵Ҷûʲôӡ󡣡ţ˴׳ֱۣüĿʡ
ʱ·ǸӦֱˣ㲢ûзҡҵʱȶˣҲ˼ȥ㡣ϢѾӡУֻҪһҵΧҾܹӦϢʱһ㶣Ȼſں߽׵޳ûͽ׵Ķãǳ޵ıܡɭÿ첻һǧΣҲа˰ٴΡץסصҲ¶ʲôʻҪȥţֱۣţûʵóѡ
һǿţʿǻ֪жС¹Ĺ¡ܶ˶жˣֱ˵Ǻʲһ֪ͼ׾ܴ˵ġһȺΧ۵֪ڶжϡﻩģǧУžžž˵ϡ
С¹һҲ֪˶ٵʮĲǻˣǴοҲҲ·ˣʵҲøлңԼáţԴתͷһ¹ǣȷʵǼٵװƷԲȥˣźףʻ˻ӱʾȸл
ôءָǲҵģһҪл㡣˴磬ôƺأʺͻȻʲôһεţѯʡ˶һ㶣ʸŪճ嵭Ǳ˵
С¹һͷ񰡣ǰôļʧɢˡŪ˰죬˵ֶ֪
ʱ̫¾ûǰʴֻ֣ס˴Ϣôʵʧ񰡡ţᣬʸϽĽһ䣬˳ĻΡ
Ǻǣ˶ǻĵһЦĵԭĵʵԺޱȵС¹ˡ
ɲ㡣ִң뻹ڻ㣬˸֡ˣţһʿҰţͺˡԺҪв۵Ҫ۸㣬ͱҰţ־ͺˣôҲҪҼӡаţţʿظĵ죬Ƶ˵
ҶĬĬĸӦһ£ԳǰţţƾϢԷֱĳӦò򣬵׵ΪɱضˣսҲӦıͨͬʿǿһЩ԰ţ׵ʿлǺкģţô˵Ҳ޿ɺˡ
ţˬʺӮ˵ĺȲʣԷĹˡƺǾΧһʿЩصԭΧŰţϡ濴ֵ˶ɢȥˮйͨĽֵ˲Ͱ
Ҫ˵ΧΧȺˣҶʶЩȥˡҶʶ֪һ㣬һʼǴⰢţģûаʲôġƭһʵһİţʵЩ
Ʋ˵ҶʣʶЩԼˡţһƶǱȽϹֱģвʲôܡãǾͻӱĶáֻҪ׼㣬ΪǿܵģԲ˵Բüͷǰûпô࣬ǿţһȽϺƭϳ˰ţ֮ʲ֮ĴġǺҶдĵʣ˿ǻᱻҶʻ𿾵ģȻˣҲܡϣò
ţ磬ԺҾ͸ˣʵǸӢµţʿСУĺĻŶΪʵǿǮҿ˴㣬˵ǵ˵óһЩȥôһʳǳĲϣ㳢ʺƵִӱİͳ˼Ŀݸ˰ţͬʱҶʹ˼ɫʾҶʸϽϡ
Ҷʱӵʿģ㲻ǱôڷҪˮҪΪĹϵ¶ˣǾͲҵˣǶԼҲȻˡ
ȿȡҽԵֵĴʹ½С¹оͦͶԵͻཻ˸ѡȷʵǸղС¹ǿҪҪТģʳﻹǲġİѣⶼļݵĲħ޵⡣ͳɣҪС¹һ⡣Ҷʲ㱻ʸˣͰָ˹ܻ𳵣۾գһµġ


218 ֵܣ
Ҷô˵ҲţеִȻƽռҲɱ޵ʳζϵʳܻɰţܲܽܣҪǲܵĻ鷳ˡ˵ûֺõţŪ˸ʵ䷴ģ
ҲǵģôĶֲû߲۵ĻˮģʲôáҪͳĿΪ˺һǳԻİţţҲţ
ŶѵݺġĳҲ˵Ķóԣһ٣û뵽ͱһȺ˸ŵΧסˡ̫ˣѵһ㶼ôָָġţֱץס鿾⣬һһ飬һһڵĴԵ졣
ʵҶˣţȻţһ岻٣ֲǼеĸصţеţʳݵĶţһȻޣôҲҪЩģȻôܳΪޡ
Ŀ⣬һֻķҶʺθϱһ͵ˡû뵽ⰢţսôǿҶ˵棬ڵľôˡ
ǳ˸뱥ζ治ǷЩţĺܲϸָͷҰ˼죬һãЩź˵
ﻹУ֤ܹҲЩզ࣬Щ㶣֪ŰţֹһĶİˣſ˵
С¹ʵȫҪġҲĵҪģ㲻ǼϡţȻ˵ЩԭԵ⻹ǲȥģûȥȡڶݿ⡣
ţ磬㲻ġǲģҵ֮ȵġ軹ʱһ̵ֱҪ֪ͼȻк³ġ;ܳԣſ˵ĳԣܱʰظĵ죬ޱȵĺơʵҲЩ飬ⰢţʳսֱΪǳȵģ̫ڵĿˡһӵʳ治ܹԵġ᲻úײǣ᲻ÿײȺޡ
ҶһһͷĺߣҲ̫ܳˡʲô˵Ķˣ˵ôʲô裿
ʱֿʴӣްĸԼʹһɫҶʾȤûҵʲô˵ӣʵıҲˡ»һɫʾףȫ֧֡
ʳﲻţԵģҪҶʺƤȥϴһΡҶʾȤҲʹӦʿҪˣʲôϷ
õҶʻӦд󶨣ʱеһһ֪ǣڵĹŸҪȥָᱻʹһٵġ
ˣҾͲˡһӳô࣬˼ζǰûгԹôóԵĶɣ⻹вǵͬ壬ҽǡȺ̰ͼķֲҽǣⶼ۰Ͱ͵Ķҽģҵ̽·ȷĴ㡣ܲܰЩʳҲַһЩ̫࣬ÿһˡǳζ˳Ҳȥһ˸һ衣ţͻȻЩ˼˵һϣĶҶʣˣС¹СӵĻġ
šţѣҲС¹ѡС¹ѣҲҵѡǳãܽʶѣֶΪأȥҶʵͷӦˣǰЩҶʲϵİţ˲¶ЦݣЦݾֿࡣҶʿĬ˼ǵĻ
ҶʻӦҲΪʴԭһʼǽӽţͰţ׽ѹϵˣʩչһ㰢ţԼ⣬ʶ취Ѱţƭġ˵ҪѰţ˳ţʲôģȥתһȦһ࣬޿һ
Ҫ֪ڵûʲôΣտˣȻˣǰǲҪȥǷ˵ҲҪڳд˼޹Ϳˡ
ÿһͷ޶ޱȺ磬˵ҲûʲôΣտˣ෴Ļкܴǰţ˵ģʳưʲôĶÿһýý
ǱƭˣҪʩչһˣһǿơҲǰҶ˵ģҶʰ״һ١
ΪҪһ˷һġû뵽ţôϵֱӾͿҶǳȥˡ¹ϵͲһˣ൱ǰţҶʣҶһЩĸжڡǷǳõֻҪúõĺƣ˵һ˵ͣһ֡
С¹֮ǰ˵ˣǸ⣬ͲҪˡôĹֱҰţҲԵСˡǾˣʲô鷳飬ܵĿ˵ܰҾԲ˵Ҷôˬ죬ţҲƵ˵


219 
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ʲô£ô鷳ţֿʵ˼ͦϸģҶʺʵ΢Сֹˡûףſѯʡ
Ŷûʲô˵ֵǿܶûгԹôóԵĶǸϽȥɣҲǾƷƽֻβ뵽֪ʲôӣʲôζʳʴŹôܰе뷨˵ˡת˻⣬װһ͵ӣͦںЩνġֵܡġ
ͦЩֵܵģҪȰǻиƨӰ
ŶõģߡȥС¹ôСƽʱ϶ȱ㰢ţģ⼡ôзİɡɣţôһ˵ҲԶĺ֮ǰûֹҶ˵ڰţ˵ȷʵС壬߶䣬ɷ˵һʱϵĴɵĿ˼תߡ
С¹ҵҪҪˣʲôҰԲѾˡҶţͷʣڽС¹٩˵
ͷĵĵſϷǣġȻ˼ң˵ȥʷ˷ۣС¹ԼģҲˡҲ˳Ҷʵ˼·е㲻ģſٴε
ôˡǲе㲻˰û£Ȼöû˵ôֲƽռܷ֮ŹĶǻŹԷģôɱġ߰ɣڳ⣬ûжԶġţѾ߳ȥԶˣûзʺҶʣת˻վԭûжһŰۣһһͷĺߣţԶİ˵ķӦΪһС
ţ磬Ȼе㺦£Ҫ֪Уе˵춼˵жôײУжôĿ£ǡôһ仰ҾͷˣȻʶõǰţƷһŵĹҶʿںʿ첽ĸˡ
ţվԭأһֱҶ߽ˣתǰߡβķˣҶʺҲ׵ĸϡ
ǣţƷĻ˵Ǹܸܵġ˵һģӲϲıʲôġҰţ˵㻰ǴҶ֪ġŶˣһ䣬ɲˣıʲô鷳͸ţ˵֤æġһҶʳԼƷţֺǺǵġٴ˵һһ˼ĻȻͻȻʲôŲ׼ı
ǺǣܰҲıˣǴ򽻵ģĵ¾ͱˡС¹ӦţѧѧúõֻҪԼǿˡʲôıƶûáҶĴŹһ͵Ц˳һѡ
Ŷ˵Ļǲġıûʵõģʵ˸ͲмʹıھԵʵǰһжֽϻС¹ɲãǲõ󣬵øġԺҪúõˡȻţҶʵĻޱȵͬͬʱתѵһ䣬úõ
ܰǰΪԱſһѵġԺԲˣһúģţͷİɡҶǱıڿһΣǸռʱƭҶʷԼôԼԿġ֮ʲôıƣһƣϽڱ֤ʵͽİţôǸء
ţҿĵģȻѾ˸Ĺ˼ˣҲͲ˵ˡҲ㰢ţ緳ҲΪãа㰢ţǻ࣬ҲһͺˡϴŵüͷչˣֺǺǵģһɡ
²ֹǱѵܲˣһԸۻҶҲܲˡͷţզôĶأ֪Լ첻֪˵һЩһֱֹģԾû徲ˡҶˣ˵ҲҪŶҲɿˡ
ţǰͷ¼ߣһ·߶߶ľûֹͣǹСݶ꣬ͻȻųһҪѶѻ˼ĻһĽţԽ˵Խ𾢣üɫġҶʺԶĸţһĲ԰ףҪҵһڰţ߶Уһ˴˳Ľֵ˳ǳءΪڷ˵ɻȻżЩ棬Ҳ֡йµļ򵥵ѯ˼䣬úͷż˳ˡ
˳ź󣬾ĸӦΧкܶ޵ϢҶʺʼöҪˡ


220 ĨɱǷܵĸ
쿴ǰţˡһ˸ո߳⣬Ҳ֪˭ۼȺôһɤӣڰǾͶˡ
ǴѿһͷһǵӡһӰҶʶ¿ˮᰡ˶ᰡǴԶϮ¡¡졣
ţ˵˵ʲôӵġ
ǰţ˵˵ʱˡ
ţǲ˵еôáʳԹôд˵еôζô
һȺΧ£ǶصζһֱǿҪƽʱҶʿ϶ԶԶĶ㿪ˣҹҪѬ˰ڣһһӯжҪϵϲ״սʤϵĲʡİͻȻֵǵֵˣҶʶģͲûһסһ˵һ䡰ֵܣԵ
Ⱥ޵ĳ֣ǽҶʵ鷳һȺ޼͵ѯŰţָ⣬ѰţסˣҲţһ߶ˡ
ʵʵе⡣Ⱒţսһʱ䣬Ǳ顱ΧסˣڿʲôصĵطȺ˾ȻôʳģѧûСҶͻȻЩԱˣʱѧôʳԼʮˣͻһ⣬ǿܹ伢
⻹㣬ʡţ㷢ôܵûСǴӸϽǷܵĿܣҪ˶ã½ǵˡҶͷĺߣȺ춼одʲôӸϽķܵĿԣҶĬĬĵͷűӰסɲͻȻе쬵ġ
֣֡ǶҸˣҲŵҵѡţͷһţЩŵģһȺ޶˵ˣ۰Ͱ͵ĶŰţġ
ⰡǶˣ뵽ʲô˵ʲôϲŵģʵ˵˵ѡţڨЦҶʽһ䣬ˣϾҶ尡˵дϵĸ
û£ţ硣ȻشǵɣһżòˡҶһͷĺߣȴһ㶼˵ţһĺӡʵҪһקҶʣסĸҪһ̣ҶֱӾͱˡ
ڸǽ֮ǰǽλѡһࡣҸոսнʶģ˺ܲЩĻˡС¹ģĶݣһֱ硣ţҶЦЦȻתһȺֵ˵
һȺȻЩҶݣ˵ǰţѣͬС¹ܹĶݣŷеĽ١ҲҶǶҶƵЦЦˡ
˵ʳҲ֪ôһȥһȺͰΧˣָָķǳѺáʲô己ܵ飬Ҳǲ֪ģȻǿѡȷʵɽַˣʳҲҳһ·ǳĲ
ţش𲻳ͬ⣬ԵЩΣޱȵ
ʳ˵ɲܳԵζôʲôζãţǽһȻţûлشʲôؼԵ⣬˵ţԹǴ˵еʳһԾһڿˮһڴĶŰţ
ǻλͣҲҳԵһ㡣ζҲͷҧˡûó꣬ͬ⣬ʣµһˡҷųԣСıͷˡţȡİȺз£ȺԶÿһƬռ䣬һڴӲǴ˵еʳ
ţôҲͶұҶʶޱȵĹֱŹᵽ˵Ҷ͵ġҪͬǶϿҶʣҲҶʳΪѣ൱ڸҶǣߴš
ֵܣԺǵֵˡʵֵĸлǾȿˡҲϣ㲻ҪЦǵѿࡣһȺ޶ޱȸмĿҶʣȻסſˮһϣֿα
û£ǰţֵܣҲҵֵܡ࣬ϣǲҪ⡣ԺлǳһٷʢĴܱͣôҶЦЦ˳ŸһȺŽ飬Źϵ
ǾͲˡֵԵȡ
һȺ˿ٵǱţ򿪵İŨζƮɢ˳һȺһڿˮҪ˵ǣһԵҶʻаţҶʺһ䶯˺ôһڿˮ


221 ںܺŶ
һȺſˮһϣʩչطȡһʳʲôϧˮʲôģһ¡Щˮסĵطһ޷õбȽϰ󡣵ǶЩ˵ЩȫǸ¶ƽռ䶼Ķ˭ȥȫĿ׼ЩĿ⡣
һѧڣʱʳջ£ԪĿƳ̶ȿƴ񼶡ԪĹ⻪ȴû˺ߵͬ飬ԴĿȫû˵ֺ
һĿ⣬˲ͱϷ˸ɾĲһŰڷڵϣͬһͬˮõĿǰʵǿģץһѵĿ⡣վλģʵҲһƬȫµ˿У˵ֵĿⶼᱻȥƵãȻһƬžž̵ľ׽š
һ϶¶ҸЦݣЦľڶջŵĹβͻƵáҶЩɻ󣬳Ըѣ˵ζԴ˵ģôҸôҪȺ֪Ҷʵ뷨һ˵޵㲻ֻиѪҺȵģ˶ʳ
ٵĳԵÿ϶ҪһЩһЩδģҵĲ鰡ģҪҳǵ©֮㡣ⶼǻ룬ˮˮ˼鶼ǡȻһͷһһѰ˹ץһˮȻԾһĻˡ޾ôͷģˮմȾͼĸɸɾģȻͶˣͶˡ
ֵܣЦˡȺֵܶˣʲôʲôĿġΪʵ̫óˣŻġ֮ǰҵһγԿʱҲˡţ˼ˣЩתסҶʵߣҶõıš
ףסȺֵܹȻˣǺˬˡôϲҴӦø˲ŶԡôȡЦء˰ţĽͣҶҲȻˡⰢţ֮ǰǲͷķָοЩֻһģ춼ˡ
óǺóԣ̫ˣһ㶼񫡣ֵܣҲ˵С˼Ҳ֪̫ܳˣֶԭ򡣵ǻǸоźʵ̫ζˡоǰ춼ڳѳԵʰ޸̾ˡ
֪㣬࣬ҶųһƬ춼ģҶû£㷴¿ˡҲ޷š
ŶʲôźġΪС¹ԭ򣬲˵ǰҾ;嶼ͦõģһֱҪҲûӶȥǵľǰǺϹŶǴЭ飬ǿɵĳľ۾ӵôԵĻֱӽȥͿ˰ҶװŲ⣬ʵȺ޵綼²ð˾Ųʮˡ
ȻϵͦõġǻȲҪǶǲģҪŲ尡ôΪҪɱǡȻҪһȥģ˫˲ٵˣʱƣûм٣ԽԽˡǲҽȥ岻µĹǸɱˡǴˣǲҲôֻһͷģһ˫צһĿɫ˵еĵǡ
ǰⲻŰţǶͦĵģʲô⡣һһβ͵Ҳš
ôܣοǵսǵоľǿ߶ȥҪǸҲµĿҪǸɵġû˸ĳְɣˡңҲҲʵôʼˣصˡʱ̲ס廰ˣ˵Լһ֤
С¹ҡһ⣬Ҫֵܻ㣬Ҳ粽еİɡצʵĻȫ̷ˡ
ǰţ粻˰ɡովǵע߽ȥģҰţȥҲûʲô鷳˵һЩ˰ɡİɣȫû⣬ûκεΣաʱܺģҺ͵ǵĵδǲιһսǡ׳ص㣬ôܾôˡֱ׳һɱﵣѰţڳˡԼ˵ģСţǸսȥİţûС˰ɡ
⣬û⡣һڵ޶Ե⶯ˣûȫ¶ġ硰С¹˵šıӻǰţأôֱ˽ȥʶҲһӵʱ䣬Ҳûзʲô⡣
İɣûΣա˽ƻޱȵĵСȥЩǿߵùͷġ߰ɣǳԿ⡣ֱһǺݵġ


222 ޽ǣ
ղŵĿⶼѾģȻҲޱȵĿɿڡǱոտģڵľͲˣٲɵķζǽȥǳԸոտģİͷ̽ȥʿʼղЩ򣬼ջš
ŶԭĽҾ͸ȥһΣһЩİٷ֮ٷζĿ⡣ǳûʲôΣգҿǱ֤ǲС¹ѵôȻλͣҲͺƤȥһˡţ֪ΪʲôС¹ôĻлѡǡ˵ˣͳǿ⣬ôܲȥء֮ǰûгԹ񫣬λȥԸոտõģζġţţͲԾһڵĿˮ
ţ綼ô˵ˣʲôԵĵġҲǻˡǰҲЭ飬Ҳ׼ǽǵġʲô鷳Ⱥ޺һѵ岻ô⶯ˣߺţĶͬ顣
ǣʲôµġֱԼŻԼѵ岻ɣֱԼԼ硣Ǿͽȥһ⣬絽ǸʲôӵģҲÿ۽硣
ǣֲǽȥµġĹ滹ǡǹĹƽսǻЩô
ǣߡŰţ磬ֵߡ
ҶʺʶˣóԺúȵźšЩ޳Թԣˣʵﻹǽ䱸ţЩɡⰢţôһ˵Ⱥ޾ֱˡֱҶʸòУʣƷôĲףôĲ˷ô
Ⱥ޵ʲô˳ʲôʿʲôǿߵ˵ҶʶԶĺˣսǵ֮ҼʶһʲôǿߣǸЦԺ˵ҶʸͲһȺޡҪڴʲôӣҶʲûװӣûйⴵţ
ƽʱҪȫԼǮһΣ֪ǻôĸжӦҪԿ⣬Ⱦ͹׳һˣȺ˻ġҶѾоˣҪʵûдﵽԼ̶ȣһжʵϣʱܵġ
ǵͷӦˣһ̶ѨҪȥһӣޱȵĿġװɹһˡͻȻһɺûɵĴβֱͷĴ˸ɻĴŤͷͿҶǹŹֵЦݣǴһʲôʱǵҶˡ
ߣһͬȥȥǿ⡣ţһߺȣк͡С¹һͬǰսȥ
ſڵʿͷһȺˣǵ²İ˾ŲʮġһȺʵǿһǳлиĳսҲǹźÿģҲСҲûйΪѣͷһȺ޽ˡ
ҶʡʺͰţǰ棬һȺǴޡǰˣҶû顣ţǿҶ͵ԩͷҶʵѣͰţϵҲҶĬǰ档
һȺôǷǳġÿһͷ޶ɴ۾ΧһУ˾ͻΪǺ۸ƵáôôһȺåŽˡ
ԭĳǳӵġϳöˡ
ƨϳáû˵ѲԼҵĹôȷʵǺúΰ̫׳ˡ
ǰΪԴͬҲĹϵû뵽ô͡
ǰ
һȺ޸㼺ʲôһľ̾ûмƵáתһ룬Ⱥ޻ǵһνǣûƵı̬ȵĿĳǳء
ˣţ磬ʲôʲôطжõӶʼлˡľҲͲʲôÿˡǲһӣǸӵĹĸʵݵĶ֮ǰӽ̸ˡҪȥʲôݣЩ͵Ŀѯʡ
Ҳ֪ǰҲû߶ԶͱΧסˡˣ඼ϲʵôǲżһ棬ǾͶû֮ǰˡţҲ˼˵֮ǰȻһɻʵ
ھÿ̫òɣԶأעĿ񡣿ôǰˡҶʴŹһȺ޶һģȰţǺӿ¶ˡûпģҪǿˣҶʲžЩˡ
һ·Ҷʺʶ˹еһԱĿⶢ˺þãҶƤޱҲеԲǰһݣһ


223 治Ѱģ
ߣǣֵ˵ǰǿҶҪô޾ɵġóǵƣɲҪеСǡԭѾЩȤȱȱ޶˲䱻˼ѪƵãܵĲС
ҶʺͷĺߣȥԸֲȥܡԸҪôôҪʲôҪСˣֲȥܡҶʵûףԸôᱻСˡ
ҶʵܲˣʵԼ˵ֻҪǳ˶ٿ⡣ȺڳоͿˣͿˡҶʲԾļӿ˽Ų޶ѾһķǼĿˣҲʲô׵ġ
ҵطţȥҵϰ壬̵Ͽ⡣˿꣬Ҷת˵
ϡǾллֵˡҲȥذ氡ҪĿˮڼӿˣⶼȥһˡצɤ˵һļС
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ţ˵ǣǾͷİɡȻֻܷſ˵ĳԺˡҶʿһȺĺӼһ𣬾ǿһѵɽϿЦһߵŵڵĹ̨ȥ
ڲǳԷĵ㣬Ҳûʲô˿ͣյģֻаţһȺޡеСͻԼϰ壬һȺɷԲĺӴ˽綼ŵսս˹̨µĿ϶ҶҲûҵˣʶ޵ɨһ£ŷֵġ
ֱ̨ǰҶľʹ̨̨ã̵ķǳнġ顱
λү֪СʲôĵطΪʲôҵĵأѾҵˣ֪㲻ĵ곤ΡΡİվ¶һԴ
ʵҲģƽʱޱȹ˼ĵСǽ첻֪ĵӣһͰ˳ȻѾ¶ˣ곤ҪԼڵСǰһЩ㲻ҺǳҶʣҲҪģȻԺôסȺСǲ֪ôģȰǿƲסϷԽǼעȥƣԽôŶѾǺŬĽˡ⻹꣬Ҫƽģһڷﶼ
ңŶú£ҲҵġԿġҶһ㶣ȻͻȻ˵˼ʱЩЦá
λүҪʵʲôĵطֱ˵ɣ͸Ǹв˼ڤ룬û뵽ʲôʱǰˡҶʵҲҴ˵طҪˡ
ûгԿģǲǿôˡҶʿЦãǱԷåˡ
ûгһȺɱڵĴţһɷģŹķװŹͷΣһĴ硣о㿴ŻҪһЩˡⲻǷ֮Ѹٵĳ룬ֵôⶼѰģôǡ곤֪ĵҲµ˼£ĵĿ־屬˳Ҷһɤӡ
Ҷһ㶣ʲô졣Ȼţͷһӵģţǵģ¹ǵġŻצģƨɺ滹һβ͵ġҶ˲ˣ곤ǰԼٱˡ
ˣʵ㣬ЩޣƽռЩ˶ɵޡƽռߵĿ⣬ǿǿޣֻǿеʳѡţǰצʲôģģеӿȥҾǰǹƭǳԿ⣬סǡȻȥȱȻĻڳ˭ܵˡҲ׳ģպã͵ȸǮˡҪǸкˣȻĻǷŭ˵һ㡣ҶҲú޹ص·˽ֱͣӶһҳƭİѵסˡ
ӢۣҪǮһҪҪȥذһϵķҲȺɷӣֿҶȻеڣǻһɵƵľˡֱӰѽҶҶʣźҶʿȱ
ҶʽѾŵ⵹ùĵ곤Ҳ˼ˣ滳ɽǵ곤һ᲻ô˦һʮġֽӹ곤׻ĽңҶҲ˳ַŻǮѾˣȻ곤ҪҶҲֵռˡҲ곤ˣת뿪˹̨
λ磬ȵţѾ֪ͨ˵곤ˣһ͵ǮҲˣǾܳԡһе飬뿪һ£һ·ţǣҶЦĴ˸кʿ첽ľ뿪ˡ


224 аţ
֡ŵģҲԲϡҺֵܣҪţǸʲôĽңҲǳԲϵġ
Ҷʴʸոߵſڣһһϰţһ˵Ҳûпذʲôģһһ˸һġһֱӴڷ˳ȥ
ֵܣЩߡҪʲô£⿾Ȳˣǰæȥ
ãûע⣬°һ¡һС£鷳λ磬ĳԣ͵ҶʸϽһ仰·ӣʲôɱǿ
һܳһ֣ѾԶ˿ݣҶͣ
ô죿˵ģҶԲˣҪǽû˵ʲôӣҾͰ˺ˡҶʳһĶʡ
ߣҸεĵطȥظԭӣսҲûмʶġҲҪһӡģоǽҪ̳һ
Ƭ֮һһ¹˽ֵϡȻҶʣϴȥϵĺڻңɾ·ûйƣ˿һˡҶţվڰţǰ˵ԼŵġҶϴϵĻҳҲÿԼıԣʱо쳣
ͷ¹Ȼʱģ׳ģһ˸ߵӣΪ쳣ġʱһĿȫʧȥһ޾ɵġ
ұʶҶ˵һƣֱֿԡ
˵ӡţͦġ㲻Ѿ֪ԼˣȻŸİɡҿҪúõһҶʶʱˣ֮ǰֶѾ˰ţǵˣʻһͷС¹ʲôҶʲĲ룬ʿ϶Ϸ̫԰ΣԼ¹ˡ
ʲôϲġŭˣԼѾôˣҶʻһ˵ʲôƷֱǡ
úúáҶҲʧʧһȵʿıϡ
˵̫磬ȸıꡣǿƣһŪӡˡȻ󡭡㡭ҶſȥһһҶ˵ļıעɢˣҲͲñˡ
Ҷʵļƻֱðֱ˵һǧ˰ٵļıҶһֱ޳Ϊ٣ǴʱúʱԼĲʲôȺȴˮ޶Ҫˡ

ֵܹȻû˵ȺĿʵ̫óˣ˼ζĳƺ
ţǡǳԺóԵģǵһμǮǳԡѵĶûгɼడ
ţǾǡ϶ˣԺϵɽ»𺣵ľԲڻ¡
ǲ˵һûųˡⶼôãûֵܹտʼ˵ʲô鷳£һֱһ𰡣ûʲô鷳ǲ

Ⱥ޸ҹ˵иаţرСүһͷϽĸСүſšһȺ޳Եʱ⴫һȣķĶ˲ٵĻҳ
ţڽ㡣Ҫץ㵱˻צһ㵣ӹĹĵĺ˵
ôܣǻ˭ʶأ϶һаţǵˣӦİɡţڰ֣ʾܡ
ţ磬ұ˰ˣҵﰡúú򡣡ִһޱȵңڰᡣֱġ
ţһȵġôôаţġ˿Ҳ̫˰ɣһڿⲻĹ򣬾Ͱţͬˡһһöſ⣬˵
ƨκľңûС¹ôԸƨĳԣ߳ȥ˭ôĵӣץҵֵȥġţŭˣֱһöͷϡȰƴԴϣֱӰȽװС
ԭһ׳ŵӣһźһȺ޵ĵȺ޷ŭֱ˹ȥǰ뵽һͷǣڵˣϣҪ˾ͺá
ţͷһȺ޶վ߰ʵģȿֺĸŰţϡ
߾СϽҹҹ£ƨµС¹Ǹ¾ôˣȻĻţүүҪÿոոϵſڣǰһĻðţŭĿԲľ߼ϡ


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ЦҹҾ͹˰ҶûӰҶݺô꣬ʲôû˵ˣץģСүȱһͷſ£һЩƤ֮ࡣҶôȥܹϷôݡֱӱģ£ȺǿߴϢʱ˳ԼҲ͸¶˳ȥһȡһҶ֣ҶҶ
Сӣţүүҽ黹㲻ʵѡڶһֻҪµС¹ȥ¾ôˡţЩ꣬ȻǴЩǻ֪Ķ֣ȻжСĿܡ
ҪƾԼߵ˶סҶʵģû뵽˸㶵ģǲ¡ţһʱѵĵزĲ֪ôźá
ԣҲ̫ˣһ࣬ȥҵ۵ġ˵иǳҪһͷȻһţҲˣͷ¹öˡԼԹԵſ£ȻġҶһİ飬˵ү㣬ĸ
㲻Ҫ̫Ҫ֪ǰȥǰЭ飬˫׼ΪѶԷ֪ػⶨģǹȻΥôţޱȵŭͣʼûж֡
Ƕ˵ǲΪѶԷôҪһĴ̼ԷҽսҪˣ͹ԹԵĹҵҪˣͷС¹ôҲңҶ΢΢Ĺ˵ҲƶḶ́ڳ˭ܱӵ˽ء޷һӣǹһ
Ҷ֮ǰʱȳΪľǰעܰŪ˾֪˫ִһ࣬һǽŽ۲壬ԡôвĵľΧһȺˡ
ڰţԥһȺ˶ҶʴĺȲʡ˭˭ҶⷽĴһһȺ޶ţ˵ס˶ԷвΪҶʺȲʵĵһüɫޱȵĸˣͺԼסƵá
ΪҶʺȲʵģΪ޺ȵʵģһƬ
Ȼ֪Ĵ󲿷뷨öģ϶ʲô¡һȺ϶ЩҲסǰţЩ졣
ҪսսҰţ㲻ɡ壬һƸ˾ͺáսܵһҲ¹İɡţҲŭˣҶôεðţۣԺе뷨ѹƵһȥˡ
ţĻҶһ˷ܣǲװľͲö֪ˣе㼱ˡһԾʵıƮȻأһƬкǵΧ۵ĻŮðǹ⣬
ҲһˡֱӾͿʼɡҶ˵ʹŰţ˹ȥ
ԪȫתǱҶѹסˣֻƳûʲôĹΧķ˿ҶʵסˣЩԾҶʵơһַ֮׷׵Ĺͽк
ţҲٴУԪӿ췢һţһͷ񽡵ţ֡ǣǿðŪŪİǰлš
һǰ̬ҶʣţҲ룬һȭԭ׳˶ֱٴα˼֣øӵĴ׳¡ÿһ˶óǹ͵ֱ̺Ŀ
ҶĿ죬ȥҲ졣һһ˳ȥѵϳһİĹ֣еĽƶһ¡
ˡС¹ǡűܣȥҵѣҪս㡣һҪץˣáҶһݻתˡ
ʰһжɵﰵһ䣬ĺԱ̫ľҵˣڵϴôһ£϶Լ²֡
ͬɻĻаţʲôѵҵΪִˣֻJǹͷͽղƽһȭûаҶʡҶʾͿŵĵ˳ȥ


226 ץ
Ȼɻ󣬵ǰţû˵һʱҲ벻еԵɣԵľͲȥˡС¹Ѿ˻ԼĿҲѾˣȥЩԽĸʲôء
ʺһɫУǳݵע£ţС¹
ȥָʹµץİΣвңűȴӦġһֱҲ⣬Ҿƭ˵ţǳ⶯űҴġҵǰţϣǿȥ׷ȥ֪ͨļˡ˵ּֿ죬һı飬һ˵ҲܰţŻǲţת˸·ǰͷ桱ĵط
ţô죿צͷʵ
ô죬׷׷˾սͷݺݵһ١עⶼҵֵͷˣֱǲˡţ̧־͸˻צһƣ޴ȵһȻ󲻹ޣתҶ뿪ķ׷ȥ
޶һۣȻҲĿᶨĸŰţƨɺ˳ȥ
Χ۵Ⱥ˵ֿɿ˵֮ǰҶʸŪϹҲסǺսʤһУҲĸһȺ޵ƨɺ档˻ģֵĿһȺУҲĸȥ˺ԽԽ࣬Ⱥ˺ƺƵĸǵĽŲ

ôݼɡֱżɼʵɡҶͻһɾ·ǽڡҲ֪ҶʶˣһҶʻظ˱ڰлλƵķͼ͵Ŀѯˡ
ţȷʵţǸɵţҪţҪ֪һЩʵҶƭˡĵʵڻʼֱޱҶʵĲҪֱƴ񼶱ݼ
ǣ˭ˣûУҶѯš
ݵٺöص㣬صȺ޸ûСҪûи֮ǰĶ׷ˣ˷һ·
ģҵļƻȻ˵ûôǶԸһȺͽƻӴ޻Ǵ´ġڽֽǻĿһ£ӦÿҪˡϿ׼һ¡ʴŰƱĵ˵
ˣˡϿȥúݰݺˣӼȡҶʵļȻͰҶ˳ȥ
߾վסţͷҿ㻹Ϊ죬ɡ֤춼ϴġҶʲŸոһֻţȻһöҶĽŶŵ˻壬ޱȵĶôЩϤĸо
ҶʣʶһȻʲô¡˶һۣͬʱҡҡͷʾ֪ûмϷҲûаȺԱ
̽ͷ̽ԵԴǰһޱޱ毺õıӰ簼͹£һϮ׵ȹŽɫĳ
²ǾϤˣӵĸоˣǾ벻ʲôطҲûʲô˰
ŮסһȺޣ޶ͣһͻȻͣŵ˺ҲͻȻͣסĲ֪ʲôײǰϣҳһš
СŮޡϽÿţûϹţüͷСŮޱȵĽᣬҲûжֵĴ㡣
ʲôСŮޡ˼ҶҲǿŲɣѣװʲôˡ˵ˣҪץҪǲأҾսİɣÿ춼ƯƯģġŮЩҲ˲٣ǵסĺɤôĶûͺһԵŮ
СŮޡԳһûռˣϽÿѳˡҪȥҪֻҪ㱣֤һһЩÿ˳޸㡣ţʵ²ȥ֣ӺŮš
ҲȭŮӦһ˫ȭ߹˹ޱȵĿɰȻֱӳ˰ţ˶Ϊһ亹
ǶģŮܰܵġͻȻŰҽţˤ˵ϡ
ŮҲ޲֣ϽЩŤȹߣոʲô취Ұġ
ҡţһ㶣ſڣҲ֪˵Щʲô
ˡﲻץץ˹ҲˡŮѵĶŰţ˻֣ʾ⡣ȻתԾ˷ʧˡ
ҶʺĿɿڴǳԾŮɰ¾Ȼɳ¡ŮתԾϷʱǶҶһġŮһ˫ÿĴ۾ŨŨЦⶢҶʣҶҲɵɵĶŮ
ŮǱˣǰ˿֮ǰˣôЩϤȴֵǣⰮ˿֪˵ļıҶں֡


227 Ҳʧ֣
СӣʲôʱˡЩɻ֮ǰŮΪ϶ΪŮû¹ǲġŮߵʱ򣬿ߵһ۾ͷһСһа޵ݣ˽ǹںһ
ʲôʱ򹴴ˡҲˣոԼĺòá˵ˣһ֮ҾֱڲſҶˣԼͷˡʵɣҶǱȵβ͵èһ
ˣûûôķӳôѵ뷨һļЦޱȵĿ϶˵
ƨ㿴ôҶʽĶʣ˵֡
ˣôķӳôɻ˿ôһͣǵļƻˡһ䣬ҶʵĲϽտڣ˻⡣
˵һͷͦţģץﲻʲôƵգžȻһһɱľϡˣץס˵ﲻ֪ҪĽ˵ġһ𿪻ЦӽֽǴгֻҪӶóľϲ
СӣҿҪ㡣ҪΪүүǺǵģҪǰǼˣץ㵱˳档һҲˣŲмŭ
ŶҾˣ켱켱ҿһ㶼£ԻڵϷеǶڵϷСһ
顱žžƤ⽻ȻһһʹӽֽŤųˡ
ţЩסˣǸʲôôһҪץˡ񶼻ǳŰţģǰһɱŵӰҲ˵ҪץţһŸıע⡣ץţģˣֳţôţӳٳٶҲ֪ԭǳԼˡ
Ҫ˵һȺˣһȺȺڶЩ㲻ˡѵʲôӣʺץôץĶһˡ¹ӺڵӶúܣǰ˿вʶġƽʱȻƤܵ˵ͦɵģôҲųˡ˼Ѿоıζˣı
һһľûΪЩڵΧ۾жϣԽԽݣԽԽʡҶʾ޴£涼΢΢𶯡
ôԽԽÿˡйսߵ֪оӺζǾñ߸վһʱҪıһЩ
ҶʣôҾͺ㷭˰
ʣ㻹˼˵˭ݺݵһµģ϶̳Ѫˡ
ʧ֣ϾҪݵһ
ʧ֣
ǰǰ
ںץѵ㻹Ҫһ£
ҪЩϸҲʧ֡
֪˻ţСүƴˡ
һߴһߵС̸βıһЩҶˣϾ̫ܲ˵ġʿΪ˱ƽʱҶʸıº֣˵ǹ˽ȻͼŭҶʣȻһٴģݱ
ȻôⲫȻҶռˡٱ֮£ֱС˶ϷļֱĲˣܲô
߾ʵмֱ£ҺǷһֽšҶʴһռ˾Եƣʰ˵ϣʵıϡ
СүҴˡҷˣҷˣְɡҶʵĴϷĳɷ֣ʵĲҺ߰˷ֵʵˡҶҲ̫ˣʵܲˡⷴùǸоޱȵʵ
ˣ͸ʵЩҶʵһ¡
ʻλƵҶƯ׵ģۿںڣ۾
ǸɵʲôţɡԴţǣһɵˡҺȻץ㵱ﻹ̫ˡСүҽã鷳ˡҾͳԲ׼ˣϾһͷﻹǺţƵߡҶһƨµʣһĲԸתҶ뿪ˡ
Ӣ꣬ȥΪҶٵġһĿӣӼ粿ʲ㶼¶ƨɡ˵Ĳ˵ϻһͬͬѪۣ֮ǰŤʱ̳ġ
ǶɵˣץģɹˣһֱûеĹӰ۲һĬĬˣǿ鷢
ԭſ̬ȺеʿĶһĶǰһȺޡ


228 Ҷʣ
ţţȻҲǸӦЩתݺݵĵȺмֱӱ˱壬Ⱥš
˱Ǹ͵ģŵĨͰȾܣӵĽֵһӾͱÿտ˶̫࣬ӵңϻĶЩմҳЬӡ
Ҳʿûƶԭأ˻ʤ޵ġЩԥڿҪҪְ֡ɣ´򲻹һŪ˲ʰĳͲˡְɣеšҶʿǵ˵ץһȷʵҶ˵һһ㹻סеˡ
˶ĳͷʵʵ̫ˣûʲôս˵һҶʵĺҪǻԼĻҲӵһˡ
ǣΪǺǵġë㻢үүֱӰǳˡڣ̣˺ĸȥһͷͻ׺ݵ˻ţԣ׿֮
ңЬӵġղܵˣߡͻǳʿʱһӰ߶µĴȺм˳սսͷ͵ϻŵɲץЬӶ˲ôڽתܡ
ţС¹㵽ôʶġҸоЩ֣ǱˣˡǰڿſڣҾ;ǱܵˣûзôһģһġһͷԳҲָ˱壬ץģǳĽꡣ
ôһ˵ҲЩˡһֱǣһ˹ƵһСС˵̫ǺŤһһһôҲôС¹أһͷǮߵıҲЩ£˵Լɻ
ôһ˵Ҳˡſڵĳ˹ҲţʲôоԼ͵˳ȥȻС¹ȥ׷Ȼڵǰһһʱ˵ôоЩŤԭʶͻһȻӣ˵ˤЩСĵĿ˰ţһۣţûʲôŽ˵ȥ
Ҳʶǡ˵ҾţЩ˼Լ롰ʶĹ˵˳ڿſʲôҶȻеĹҲ˵ˣԼɻҲ˵ˡ
ǻıǸˣˡǿװӵġʵ˵ǿɡ⣬Ҫͼʲôڶ޶ȷˣԼһ綼˲úõһıˣЦǳԱ˵̻İѱ˵ˡ
Ҷ˵ǲǾҶʺʣǰʱֵķзƶȣ˵Ҷʳע⡣мѣһպþԳţͻȻ뵽Ҷʵϡ
Ӧþڶ޶һ¹ĴҶʵҲǱŪ¾֪ûв©ǽ֮ĵȻһЩҶʵСϢ˳ʲôɱ޹ħɽһѪ̣ǴĸȥһѪħɽУһĴսŭɻˣȴӵսǣսǲ㶼ʵ
ЩٵСϢôϢУôˡٵĶҶˣҶѾΣյĴʣǻеĻ޶Ķɱ˲գ۵ħͷȻһֵýģǾǻͷⷽڻԼͬ磬˵ľս¡
ҶѾͱ仯εֻʿУŶԷĵϸҶʶ˸һҶľԩ̫ԩˣѪûдҲܵ˰ëԳĹƻԼʱǿȥѪˣҪɱԼϵĴϻ˵ĺòáħɽĴսȻԼҪռһأǲǾԵغòáɻǼ飬ǹԼƨ°ڼߺóԺúȵģǾôѺڹͷˡ
Ҷֻˣڱ˵ĵϣ滹пԼʵļıޣ˱¶ݡҾԼ˵࣬Щ˾ͻô
࣬Ҳˡһʼһ־磬ҶǶӯĻ쵰ıҪǸĶ֣϶ļˡᷢʲô飬Ҷ˵ֻǵĹϵŪҶùڰţʾ£ԳǰĺţϣȰʿ
˵ĲҶʵı֮ǰһ˵ҶʾսСӢĳץסˣڸлϣıԺһơҶҪڽңôһ仰Ⱥ𣬶ʱһ򣬲³һѪ


229 
ǣ϶Ҫһ򾡣ÿµ˼롣ֻҪһһ޵ˣÿµ˼
ʲôǶĴˡû˵ô֮ǰɻ˲Ƕġ
ҶʸոջۡȫʵΥࡣҶʲŭģʹƨˡ޿̵ҶʳˣżڸԼĨڵ˾һšβӰʹȺ׷˳ȥ
׷ɵļ˸ϽҪŭǿʿʵ̫ˣҲ֪˭ɵģֻһȺԶһЩ˵ˡ״Ҷе䳡ˡ
Ҳǣ˾͸оޡҲǣҶŪȦףֻҪһ֣Ҷʵ»ʱ鷳ˡ
ҸоҶʲǵġӦȺ޵ġһȺޱȵĿ϶
Լãλ̨˵סһѸٵĽ˻⡣
ⶼôҶһֱںƭЩޣһֱϷˣĶǡҸʱҶΪˡһͳ
ԥˡҲЩ޵ġ˵ˣǹҲ൱Ҷƶġô˵ҶҲ࣬ҿû˱ԹĿ˽ĸˡһζԿġһ˵
ҶҪôѵõĻᰡǾһһϣ˵սǿҲбĥƣʱɡҲ˵Ⱥ޳Ϊǵǰ϶ˡԥʲô
ͷ󣬵һţս䣬һӰͷ˳ȺȺм䡣
Ҷʺݺݵ˼ĭžһЩղȺеĶԻһ˿ٱ任λãıģ˵һԴҪٶȿ죬ܱˣʵǰҶʸ۵ĲС
ͦ꣬ȻҲԼҪͷġ˻ڶЩ˵ֱӱҶһŸ˳ȥʱվǰѾˣֲ˼˵Լ˵ģЩΡȴ϶ǲеˣûа취ֻӲͷƤսˡ
ţɡ㶼Ѿˣ͹ԹԵִܰɡ΢ճȭСָ˸ɡѾע⣬ⰢţһʵףҪǴ򲻹ֱ䣬֮ǰ˵սˣҲûʲô˼ˡ
ãүǡȺԷĹ壬Ȼǰ󷢳һҲֻǵ˷ܣЩƲסû⡣
̫սģҰҳࡣţ˫Ѫ죬ֱվ˳Ԫת߸ߵĹӲİθ˼֡
ţҲˣԼǸͷƭβԼݣһȺֵƭսСǰȺ໹ҪੲݵϹ£ҪԼȹȥЩΣǸŭһ򺩺İţıŭˡ
ţ屻ʵʻԪסֱӾ˹ͷһ˸ĺâ걾ûжߵΪͰţһȸгĻ䣬ô׺ݲҪģֱͲ˻·
ȴͷͲߵΪӵĲһ룬ţһʵʵġȻһĲҺ걻˳ȥֱʧ˵ĿС⻹꼰ʱֱ۵ס˰ţţǵĽȻһǰ͸ĶŹֱ֣ǹˡ
˵ʵţ׿Ƕסˣŷ־óսҲôõģ˶ԥˣ֪߻Ǽϡ
ϰʲôעˣɵôؼʱҶһȣȻһ߷ɳһȳƵļһ
ֵģûиǶ㷽ɣ򲻹䣬Ȼҽϡ¸ҵվһʿҲ¸ʿͣǴˡ
һŸʲôֿսһҪսţҲЪšЩʰǣҶЩЩؼóǿһҶʵĶ
˵ĲԳҳս㡣
ϻҳս㡣
Ǯҳս㡣

˹ĹһȺ˶Ǵ˼Ѫһ˲սԪֵˡȿֺվ˳׷һޡ
ѾĶʿҶˣԵӰ
۾ŽıʯǶƯϣʱˮӳЦĶҶʣﻹݣ


230 Сɰ˿
ŮһͷɫĳôɢԺƷ˿˳ϡŮ毺õģĽеöۼһϡʱЩвǣŮӦǹģһСĺںģûĨȳƣǸʧܵݡںûڸסŮʣĨòȳƵĺڻң͸¶Ůһ˿Ŀɰ
ôˡôΣյġŮģǿסһ˫ˮӾôעӣǿˡ
ˡôͲءŮЩСɵǡ
ðɡûʲôˣϽط˵Ů˫ˮӶţҶʵЩסԸȥɻˣҶʶûôѹ
ŮҲ֪ڲ˵ĵطһסҶʣȻȺȥ
ʲ˵ˣָ˱壬ſҶʵļͷһЦĿһһŮꡣҶʱŮסʱǴֵůҶʵĶһ£ôһֻǣľżһŮײײĳȺ
ҶҲ֪Ů˶ãҲ֪ʲôʱŷһΧǽ֪˺ܶĺһС㡱ҶŻع
ôô졣ҶΧһУܾʲôʱһ
ϻܲô֮ǰǻ仯ĨЩһֱѵģҲǿŮҶΧǽ
Ҷһ㶣תͷ鿴һ¡Ȼ֮ǰԼĨĺڻһǽǣһЩڿŮĺںСûĨȵĺڻңҶ˲ˡ
˿ôҶʵ֮ǰ˶ӣҶҲ˿ж֪ʲôȥˣһֱûна˿֡
毺õģĴ۾һͷɫȴһźںСŮҶôνİ˿Ҷû뵽ôĪķʽ
˿ûҶʣҶʵͷԸŮ׼õϴɾСŮתٴδҶʡ
Ҷʷֿһʱˣ֪Ҷûм棬ô̲סľ˼ҶʡٴҶʸһЩŮ߱ͱӳĿ졣ͺҶʳƽģֻܵҶʵĶˣڹһʱ¾ֻܵˡ᲻Լ̫˰˿Ȼ뵽ŪԼһ
˿㻹ûлشءҶͻȻϷ̣Щ죬˼ͷ
˵ʲôŶҵļҰôܴ⡣˿л߰ģС¹ײҶͻȻʣš
ļңôأҶһ£ͷĺߡǰײ֮£Ȼܵ˿ļһˡ
ҿǰǴġΪǶϲŵŮ˼Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬ȻҶʵû˵仰ȻԭҶˡָӣЦĳҶ˵
ʱǲ֪˸ԺӾͷˡҶһΣıš
ġô˿ˣҪǴŽˣֱӾͱϳô˿ҶЩԱҲļϷŪ˵Լе뷨
ǸǸǸʲôʱǵģҶ룬̲ס˳ҲǴ˾СӺ֪Ҷǵƻؼʱ֣Ȼ֮ʵЧҶʡȥ˲ٵ鷳ȻĻڶʿ޹ĶǶ˵
ͷˡգɻ˺ͳս˼ۿͷˡ˵Ҷʵ飬˿ͺ˵Ļ⡣ôҶʵģʱôģȫ˵˳һߵͨ죬һöƻǴ۾ᶨĶҶûбá
ԭҶʸոյ⣬ۿŸɻ˶ŵʱ򣬰˿ѾֳĶ̫ȻҶʶһȺϹŶ˹ȥ˵Լ뷨˿ֱͱҶʻҪԼ뷨һȺǿϿһҶʱֱӴ˳СѾͷ˿ҲҪ̽ȥģǱΣļгѰˣɷ˵ľʹȥˡ
̬ȶ֮СѾͷڳתƣǾûпҶʳΪҶʵ˹Ÿ裬ŸסˡҪ뵽Ҷм͹ŸһȽ׵ǿߣѾͷлȥȱĴˡô˵еǰû
һ˺Щ죬˿ҲԽԽҶʲҲûҶʸͲ֪
ֱ죬Ҷʳˡһ˲䣬˿ͰеĲĶˡ


231 
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˿ˣΪҶʻͬʰѳˣǳ͵ܳġ˿͹ϵĲܳȥˣ鷳ΪҶʵͬСڰаҶʶ󣬿ûбָǡ
˿ֺͲ£ҶʺߵĴҡڵģûģȻͳ˱ȺΧ۵İţͿҶʵĶֹ˵Щʲô˹ͷԵľ˳Ⱥ
˿ҲһֱһСĵĸţȻۿ˷ԼҵĺԺ䡣ſٵĴų˽ȥ˼ҶʲôġȻĻҶʺͱ˽լ׷ˡ
˵ʲôģ˿˸һȻ֪˵ļƻ˿ͻȻ֣ڰаæϵİæӵĺ棬¸ӲźҶʼˡѾҶʣҲҶʾôˡҪץţȴˤߡǹĶȺһϣΪսѳ׵Ľˡ
ԭ緢ǣŰҾ˵ôҲ㡣ҶʴŹв޸ֻ̾ǲ֪ô밮˿Ĺϵĳ鷽ȫǲǰҲûⷽ⡣һļҲûⷽľҶȻҲûʲôطԽһµġ
ƭˡûҪҵô֪סġ˿ֱڿ죬ֱӾʹҶʵĻԡ
Ҷһ£ޱȵΣ֪˵ʲôá
˿Ҳһ¡ǰҶʶ֪ԼסʲôطԼҲûи˵ôԼء뵽⣬˿ǽʣĪίҲȫʧˡ
˺ˣŻġҶʳԱ񣬰˿ЩۣҶһ̨¡
ˡأҶʵǸйȵ꣬һŵһ޴ʹӰ
ϴ뿪ĳϾֱӴǻˡȻ˵ҪչأһֱڶûгҶˣʱַô飬еĳֲ׼ҵܡֻսǻҶǳôˣʲôġ˿԰ҲвС߶߶˵ͣǰˣԲŰףð״ȥ档ڰױչˣֱıнˡ̰İ˿˵ֱĥеĺĵط綼ˣֲΥǡ
˿ô˵ҶҲȻˡ֮ǰһֱֻ֣Ҫ츳ģӦöȥżʶģһȺ˶˹ȥ׵츳ĿõģҶҲòϰ׵ʵǿ󡣵ǴżһֱżĻһֱûмס
ԭͻƣڱչأĻͿ϶ȥˡżʲôȷͻȴʵʵڵģȻȻ˶ѡͻƣȥż֡
ʱŪĴ󶯾ҶʶСٵĶҶһЩû뵽ΪĹϵ˿ˣʵ
ҶʻΪ۵˰˿еʱһХӲԶд˳
һŨ˼µİɫݶʣȴûɢԽԽŨԽԽۼΪʵʡ
սصƶɱһ
ԶҲһһӰ̤սǰпٵĳҶ
Ҷۼ⣬ǸշֿõĹŸ衣Ÿ˼ӣĹ۲Ƭ̣ȻһӣеȫȥȻתȥˣһҶʵĶҪڸŪĶСҰϳȥ
ҶЩһԴȥֹŸԶȥˡҶ֪ǳеĴģľڶŹ˹ŸĲ̬ڹķΧڣûйܣֻǿھҶһΪʲôỳҶʣȫǹŸֱ
ûƵĽɱǹڻı֡ɢȥһ޴ӰսǵϿգ˫ʹ£ڿٵķֽ⣬仯һ֮ҶʲԶѾ¶˵ӣʧˡṴ̃ɫâɢսǡ


232 ׵̽
׹ɢҶʱܵҪȥ赲ǱȻһ£ջԪ׹ޱȵͣûʲôԣܹʹһЩ򵥵缲ڳеͨ˵쳣󡣱׹ڵĶоůģڶ缲ˣһɡ
ʿ˵ȻûôĹЧǻĵãܰзƽƽæץʿæŵֵʿս޶Ƭ̵ͣ١׹Ϊ̫ǿӰ첻̫Ƭ֮ͣ˫
̰ܿɫĹâͰʧˣһӰѾưܵĲӵķгֱҶʶֳצĸצڣžҵתŤţһ׶ϸСĵ绡ϣݺݵҶʵظͱ
ɫĹһҶһĹǣܵǵ绡Ƶļ׶Ӱ졣ԶУȻ·˹Ǳ棬һʵƶơ׶Ͼҵתţ̵ĴҲɢƾһ𣬷ˡ͡õʱµģô״ݻ٣ֻڽӴ浴һˮĲɵĻ˵Ĺ
ҲҶҲɫȭͷңܻ񴸡صĺ˵ؿڡһԽ׵ĹǰΧƣİ˰м䡣Ҷʵһȭû꣬Ǻ£ĹϣԲ׶Ǿ졣
ꡱꡱ𣬹ѣǵİ׹ɢʧˣǵסҶʵĹǾ޴Ǵ͸˹ȥԿһ͸ȭӡ˵ؿӡȥ
˫ص⣬мס͸ȭͷŵ˳ȥײһƬᡣ
磬ҶǱˡ˿ֻһʱ䣬ҶʾѾ˽սˡٴδŲм䣬ֹǼ򶷡
ͻȻɳľǰ˿ĸ簬ףӦǸոͻơͻȻҶʣųֵġӻҶʤһð˿ЩΪѣһԼĸ磬һǡһҶʣҪǴˣԼ˭ء
ȿȡˣ˿ýţֻͻƺҶʣϲҪֽһû뵽ǳ˿ͷҶֶδɣΪ˳ԶĽʵ״ӷ˳ҳǺÿ¡Ȼ˷ӣǷңͷģʵЩ
ҲǷɰҸո͸ͻƣʵԵҶҲǹһЦղŰ׳ѾоˡȻ˵ûҶʲûиеɱԳҲзִ磬Ȼطǿ˲֪ٱҪҶʿֱӰѰ״ȥôµġϴκҶһսջⲻһҾͱչˣֱڲųءȶ˵ףСͻơû뵽ҶҲǴнӵĿ¡۷ˣֻҪлԵʱͻ˰ɡޱȵ̹Ȼ˵ԼҶʲٵĺøС
šһЩ飬˵Ǿһڵĳɾ͡ȷʵ۷塣ҶҲûʲôģҲѾ˸ƣʱǿȷһ¡
ҶЩԾǾô飬˲ٵĻԵڵʵǾһʲô˵˵ʵⰬףϴһս֮󣬻أͻƳؾڵʵ츳ʵҶЩԾҪԼֻԵǱ˿ռطܻ֮ѹƲסף忪ľ档
Ҷʲ֪ǣҲЩơȻԻȣҲʤ˼֮ǰһνսҶʴˣͻ֮󣬾ΪܰҶʸŪøͷġû뵽ΰܵø죬Ҷһȭ͸㶨ˡǱҶеһ£оǱһɽˡ
ײûʲôʻԹޣҶʱûʲôޣ˵ϧҿһǽŵӣװѰ˿˼˸˾ŲʮлǷǳõ۹ģû˵ʲôֻϣиõĽ
˿ȥԸ׼һʳƲȥԺл԰ѾԻúõɡȥϴһȥȥ׶Ű˿ţȻҶиǣȻתԶȥˡ
ˣ׼һʳͰڻ԰ͻͤС˿һȻתҶʵ־Ŀĵȥ
һ·ϵѾ˶ޱȹĶŰ˿ֿҶʣֱĶǽһֻ֡˿ȻЩߣȴߵİͦأҶʾһߵģ۾֪ˡ


233 
ȻҶʱе㲻˼ϰԵİʶɢ̽ΧһСһ·ϸܵ޵ʶ̽Ƭ֮ɢȥˡҶʳԾڳ͸ܵһΡڰ˿ļǸܵһΡЩǺͰϵǿһȽ׵ġǸԵĵ̣ҲȻˣͰ˿ļ˵һȺ塣Ҫľϵһ켶ǿߣЩҲ̫ˣסеʿ
Ҷʲɵ뵽ɽڷԲǧоԵᵽɽ˶Ĵ澴壬ֻбһ켶ĴܹġҲЩһش󲿷ֵĵ̡
Ҷʲ룬ҪڸŰ˿ԼûκεĶ⡣Ժн粽У˵ͱץȥ˺Ƭˡ뵽⣬ҶʶЩǰΪͨլӣçײľͷ˽Һа˿ڰ֧Щǿߣ󡣻ȥϷƨİţͳʦδˡ
ǰûע⣬ⱻ˿߹հ˹յģԺת˺ôһȦаյʱ䣬ſһ˶Ļ԰СţˮɻأɻԻһֲͤӣЩǴֱʰ˿ܼսӵôһݼҵⱾѾֳױȵʵҪŪô˹ͺҪĽҡȫǮ
˿ҶСţͤм䣬һӵľƲ׼ˣɫŨ˱ǡ׻ûҶʺʶ̿ˮæ˴ˣ밢ţǳһٷԼûгԹ
˰ɡȳõҸġϴ趼Ҫϴϰ죬ĥˡ˿Ҷ£ҶʼһӵĲˣҶǰСԼǰ˸ӣôҶ֧ϣ°Ťͷֱ㶵ĶҶʡ
ȿȡЩܲˣ˵ϣ˴á
˿ɫණôҶϲ˺üˣŰ˿΢ЦſҶʵƤȶЩܲˣѯʣҪΡ
ûѽ˿һ㶣ѿڶȻҲЩף˼תСԴĲɵĶһӵĲˡ꣬ССڵĳֻ۽ǵʱʱɨһߵҶʡ
һԶǶͶ̥һҶʣĵ˹ȻҲ˲٣ǱҪԶˡ͵֣һߴãһӵʳһ붼ǽĶһ߳ԣһ߷۲һһŮоΪȤ
ʱһİ׳һ⹧˵ףң
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ǵģסŶ룬Ȼתĺ˷šһжûŪһ˿죬´ŵеˣҲǳһ𾴡
һ鷿һ鷿ſڣеܶصܣҲİ鼮ڲһ̴ľӣϱīֽһӦȫһӺ棬һ鼮֪׽ˣź鱾̧ͷ
һ磬׶ʱеѹͻûжȴɽһѹ˹ϴİףͷֳһϸܵĺ飬˫΢΢Ĳ
Ƭ֮ƵĿҲˣڻָƽҲǰ׵ĸ۽¶Цݣ͵ĵ˵ͷ
һϵӣʹһֲ£Ҳû˿Ժġһ壬üĿ밬׺Ͱ˿߰˷ֵƣʱһԵٵŮӡҲֻŮӽϣ°˿Ͱ
л͡ײ¶ͷĺˮĻش𵽣ûһ˿ĵϲ
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ֱʢʱڣܴӵķ١ǺЦ˵
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Ŷ㡣ҶСӲ츳вٵǿΪ䱣ݻõĽؽʡǽʵҲǺõģɱʲôѧ˿Ѿͷĸһӣ϶˵Ͳˡˣȥѡ
ɷִ硣ҪûҾˡ
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ȵ֮¶˿Цͷ


234 ̸
Ҷʵ츳ɣ˽֪ҶŲ츳졣ϲԸĺ񰮣˵ءΪһ֮ôһӴĵˣҪǰ˿ĸףʲô֪ġ˿һһ֪Ȼֱҵʱɰ˿ô׵ľܳšһֱŸָ棬Ϊİȫ롣
Ҷʺʵһηǽ룬ǾѾ֪ˡ˵һһıܴʩĲãǰ˿͵ˣȺĸҲ֪һ˿Ѿͷǳˣû޹ȥûȷʲôϵôƨƨ߸߸˵ȥæˣҪǻΪ˸ˡ
Ҳͷ۵ԭ츳Żߡؼڴ½Ȼһ̫ƽʢģǶԤУҪˡԺܶ츳ƽƽ˵ǻǸǶҶ˵ĥĺʱ
ų˻ʣδؾûʢ˻ĥ²޷ɳԭֱǸصʿ׼̨δһٻޣʢ
ͻС츳˼Ҳ̫龫ˡΪǿʱǳҲСΪԽǿŪ¾ͻԽĲʰ
ˣж︣̾һȥ˼ˡ

԰ͻͤڣҶѾӦ˺Ͱ˿ദȻô˵СӵӦСǿһءʵǰ˿ҶʵЩˣǲǵĶ͵ȥ
ҶʴʱڽԼһЩȤľѰ˿ŪÿЦЦĻ֦ҲʱҶڽԼһȺ˶Ƕµ飬˿һĽζΪûжȤһԶԸʣµʳʱʱĲ첹һ䡣Ҷһ䡰͸ؾˣԼ˼·ڽš
Ҷڽʲô飬СЦôĿġǰ͵ȥǺ«ҲûмôĹδʵȴ˹ԶԶľ˰˿ĿЦҲãǹһĨЦݡ
磬˵ʲô˵ôš춼ûǶԹˣҪԼٷԸȥ˿ϽһСװ˵һ۽ǣôŶزġ
˺ˡ˵ˣҪ˵䣬㶼һ˰ɡЦЦ˿ͷһĳ硣
ߡ㻹˵˿һĵ˰׵ƣһС졣
Ҳ⣬һźѾߣԸ׼һʳתҶ˵Ҷ֣δʲô֪ܷ͸¶һҲ۽硣
ǰǰ˵˵ɡսһ㣬ˡ˿ҲһڴĿҶʡ
⣬ʵҲûʲô뿪ֽ֮ս˼ǵˡղѹȻҾʶʶ˳ܱǵķͷʣֻǰħɽҶҲûʲôģĵҪ֪Щ飬ʲôܣֻҪĵҪѲʲô֪ˡ
ڰһ׽ûʲôͬΣҶ˵ҲǸҶء֤ԼĻ֪Ҳû˽µȥҴҶ˽鷢
֮ǰЩ绨ѩ¡Ѿ˿һ飬Ҳû˼ҶʳЩĹ򡣾ͰѴҴҵĽִֺҴҷֱ֮˵һ顣ʲôħɽȻż飬󽲵ɻŸĴս°˿ܲϻˣǲһԼڳеļţҶڳĹ۲죬ѵʱȫĸһ顣
ȻҶҲɵ˵ĸ˵Ķ˵˵ıżеżõ𴫳е£һδᡣȻ׿˲˶ԱԽ࣬ʱԽסˡ
ȥ޴飬ҶҲ뵽ޱԼϷˣһΣ˶ӵ飬Ҳ˵˵ˣҲ֪Ҷõʲôء
ĳƵƵͷЩź
αչأ˲Ȥ鰡ʵź֣ҶֵѾǾˣѪײź˵óҪȥʶһ
ͻѣǰѾˣ߳һţֻʱȹ̣ʱԵġżʲôĲǳУ˾Ǵˡ
ұ̽ѰżѾʧȥ˼ֵżеı綼ѹ˲˵ʲôĶƻ˸ϽѾǸ򲻵ǰµֶصĲˡ


235 лл˰
ҶʽʱһʳܿľʹˡҶ֮ǰһֱ˿ţҲûгԶ٣󲿷ֶʵĶУĥ˰ƤӣҶʸоЩˡ
Ҷ֣ҾһҲǲʶˡԺҪཻҲǸˣƣҶһӵ̨ס
áԺҶʾһƱ밬һ¡
顱һ죬һȻ˽ҽ˹Уˮ顣
Ҷ밬׶žƱҪȾơͻıʸһеȫ·ϡϽԪӡˮܼĴԪϣžž죬ȫ£˶ûбˮʪ·
Ȼ˵ûУһӸոϵļȾ޷ˡȫˮŪһӶͻ
ҽ첻˺ˡͻûƽˮͻȻը׸ߵˮˮ̺ǧ価˺У˸˶˻ѾںԱͤе˸˸͸
ŭˣǰϮΣȻŵԪӸסˡΧĻݲʲôľ޷ˣĻȫľ˸ˣһƬǽ壬ʧȥǰˮһڿٵźĻݾͱ˺У
ˮɢҶʼҲ֮͡һͷľӦڣûеɵĳڣҲ׵Ϊˡ
ǰĴһķŭ˫ĿжҪˡ°ͺеᣬۿЩںڡ
ȺСӣȻҰעҵͷˣҺûꡣҿûꡣţľͻȻˣų򣬡ಡһͷˡ
վסҪ
վסҪս㡣˵ҵ
սġ
սôӦôȵȵá

һȺ˺¡¡ĸʩֶζֺ¡¡Զȥˣ׷һӴܵľֱһȺߡԶȥ֪ʲôʱͤܵһȺ۵Ӱֻʧˡ
ʲôˣսôǵһ
һȺ׷һʲôʱҲҡڵĳǳгˡԼҵԺУ˵һȺʿ׳ŵӸ˽ƯڰСӸЦǣһǻ׵ʿһħʦţҲҪץ
Щ㲻ˣûչضðôʹˡôһжԼ˽ĳʶˣôһжһˡ
Ҷʰ˿бһڿеʴ²µԭû뵽ֵôĻȡЩڨڨһЦһĸо
֣ʲôȤ飬ҪҲȥҶЩУʻа˿æ˴ˣŪĳ棬ҪǲԳȥʵЩϧ
ȤţȷʵȤҵҪȥ˭ڵңŪôĶƢٺãʱЩѹֲסеŭˡʵ̫ԼԺ涼ǹԺ󣬻һطǰȫģǰģ˷ĵˡ
ҶҲЩ飬첻֪ôţƢİ׺СҪ֪һжͰ˿Ūģʲôı顣
ΪǰƣƺץУһͱԪӻסˣԲûйˮȥֱӰο˾ƺӣͷһھƣеľƺһԲľȥ
һֱŬĶǽܹòһ˿˺û뵽쵱Լ棬飬ֱǰײ̵ġȻû˵ԭû˰ǵĿꡣҪǽԵıأءҽĲǾءһֱΪڼû˸Ѱģû뵽ᷢ顣
п˵ĸ壬ⶼ۸ˣԺаô
˿ҲͷҶʵ䣬ʾٵĸϡ
ʱ綼ײӲǴ˴šһȵ˳ȥ˿ĸİΣҲٸϣҶȫǳ˺ĸȥ
ҶʸովһںӰ˹⧲֮£Ҷʱҵķ˳ȥ
λѣлл˰һϷҶʵĶС
ллллƨϽĸҶֻоһѹԼϣſڵϵҶʲ֪ʲôѹԼǲСģصġһصȳΪҶʵıǿס
ŶȻ͸оѹԼϵĶһ䶯ԼŤ£Ųƨɡ


236 Ƕץ
Ҷŭˣֱ̫ˡ֪ʲôļһﵲһ¾ˣ˵Ҳˣ˵øϽԼϹ¡
ǿҶʲ̣˫һţϵ˳ȥҶվƣת˭ô󵨡
СҶӣоΡʴոնЦˡŵʱ򣬹Ҷһλ뿴ҶʵķӳȷûΣաû뵽ΣУôֱôҡ
һػɫӰǿҵľ˹׼ȷ˸ոճҶʣȻͿҶʱѹƨɵ£ŤŤ
СҶӣҶʣ˺㡣һХҶʵע˻ȥȻͿһػɫͻ˹Ҷˣֲûë׵ģǱһͷͻƨˡ
ոջع񣬻ûó׼Ҷֱ˵ˡһβ泯أţͻһǰצŲӣ˵ϣҶʸˤ˸߻ء
㻹ҺƢȻҲˡҶŭˣȺ󶼱˵ˡȻһǱģǵڶξģҶһֱͻ
ҲȾͶ㲻ˡոոô鷳ҪװŲʶˡҸ㣬ûţ㲻ʶңҿǼͻǰצİҶʵĲӡ
ôôĶأҶһ£
ϸĶͻ۾ֿҶͻȻˡͻȻһͻĶϡҶʵľ޴󣬲ͻܹģֱӱ߷˳ȥˤ˸ոհɵʿǰ
ǻŸʲôҪ㲻ץսҿҪսˡѾˣ϶ץסˡҶʵ̫ˣ˵һоɱͻҶʶͻ뷨Ⱥ˲ûҶʶô˵ˣٲ־ɵˡ
ս㡣ҵȻ˵ҪռȻҲҪϷȻ˵սôЩ侮ʯĸоʵսͷֳʲô⣬Ҳ̫ҡ

ŸҹҾվǰ棬Ӧ
Уһȥɡ˺վͻʿ˳ȥˤ˸ͷġ
ҶʣҵšһȺڧԭڵװͻһµľּֿܵġͷͻþڸŰţǱó˻צһͷʱ֪ôı׷ôҡ
ҶʡҶʡսӮǾһĵһˡֵˡ˶һ㶣ʶҪȥ׷ϡͻȻͻĺһͻð͵ĹâҶʡ
ͻ˵һͷܹҫֻСΧҫôң˵˻ץõġ
ҶʾͲһˣк߰ҶʷΪһĵһˡֻҪҶʴˣԼȡ֮Ϊһĵһˡ
һͷͻҲܻȥǴҶʾͲһ˰Ի½ġʱ˶֪ߵﶼǱ˳ݵĿ⣬붼˷ܡ
ܡҶȻô£ǿһðһĿ⣬Ҷ붼֪϶ʲô¡ȻȺʿûиҶʴʲôвǱȺ˲Ҳǲˬġ°Ⱦܡ
ⲻǰôûŶսġϰ취һһս򲻹ǺԺֵͷĻսҶۼ⣬Ӣİס˵ʱĿת˰ףĦȭƵġ
²ҶߺȣҲҶʰȾܣЩ㶵İ˿
оûһģڱܣ׷ϡЩʵǿޱëˣ׷˵ܡͻڷŭĳХԳڷصԾݸɴ˰գҪ͵ϮҲʿеٮٮ߷˰գ׷ᡣ˷ݰߴڳзŭļ̤̤˲ٷݡħʦڿٵǣž
еĲ֪ڣġеľûĻ̵̻ġ
Ҷһ˼һڳжأҪذǵļУǷָ롣Ϣ֪ôľʹˣһȺͬ뷨ʿԺӶΧ
ѵҪһô鷳ˣɴԷˡڼ˺òһû˵ΧǽҪȥʱԺڴһ׵Ļ˼Ҫ뷨
˵ɣҪֱɱ˱ǡЩûʲôӴˣȻûʲôޡΪ˸Īɣսǣ²ȥְȻᣬҲ˼Ժˡ


237 Ҳﰡ
ҶʿԷģû뵽ֳӡΪŪʿǵìܣͿ򡣵ȹһʱ䣬˫ռʲôıˣ¾ҲôĹȥˡ
˭֪ʿսˡȺ˼ֱǺѧĵ䷶ѧãһ׾١սսʽŪսʿͷˣΪʲôһǿߵĹ⻷
ҪٸҶһѡĻᣬҶһȡʵ⣬ʲôӡԼҲ׷ŵܣôӵôֱǰʯͷԼĽš
ֵʵ̫ˣҶǵٶȷӲϳ̫ľ룬ʼ˲Զĵš
Ҷʣ׽ףץʵȺ׷ˣһ׷һߵĺ⻹Ū˿ںš
һȺʿ׷ܾ;ˣΪʲôûпʣҶʵ·ֻ½󿪿ڳ¶һԴ
඼ǸģûôˡҪǷƽʱô󵨵׷Ű׺Ҷʼֲŵİ;ú𾢣һЩǰѹûжֵʿҲѹˡһ̵ľ͸ĺ棬һ˷ܣںźı˭
Щ֪ޣһҶʵ֣۾ˣҵνԴԴġսߡ֮һҲȺƴҶ
˶ŵף·ߵ񷿣˲֮Ĵ䡣Ƕûã˶̫ˡһʧ̾ԭɢֹȷѰңƬ̾ͷ˼ˡ˲ӣܵķɿ죬һյĹ򣬾ܹСսǡ
Χ׷½صʿվʵ缸ˣѾſ˼ˡͲ⣬ǰſˣܿľк˽ϣż׷ⶼ֪˵ڼˣ׼һˣȫ·ߺںƵļġ
֪ľܵ˳ǰֳ֪˼·˹˶һۣҧҧһݵľʹ˳ĸǽϡ˾еһΪߴķϡ
˶ͣס˽Ų޷ˣǰǳҪųȥ˵סͻŭǸϷ˼ĳŸƢҲЩ˽ģԵЦ滢в
Щ˶Ҷʼûʲôڣ˵սҶʰɣ׷ҶôԶԪĵĲˡ󲿷ֶǴֵģϾսΰ͹ǱȽϸģƽʱô̼ûˣҲɢˡ
ֻһȺۼޣ˵Ҷλˡڳ⽹겻ţǿǲ֪ʱ˸ľһıиƮǿϢǻһˡ
ⲻǰôû뵽ҲԱλӦþֵ÷зҶҶֵ˰ɡ˲ŸոڷϣڷıǴ߳˼Ӱ˰˶ʱˡۼϢͨģҶʿһᣬȻȷ˵
ҶҶֵܡ֪ǣȻʶ˵ģ˻⡣ȷҶʵݣȻżɻ˵
ܸ£Ҫ̸绨ѩ°Ҳ֪ô£ͻȻ˶ץвס֣֪ĸ˸ӣǵ޶ԴҪսǡȻҾͶѧģǻֽѵ˼Щ˲֪ôģһηġܲܵһħֳַۣȵ˵һĺ¡
һ֡ȱƵûа취ǿ˱׼ºų͵ĽڶˣûյԭΪ⼸ǰưû뵽ҲѡҲЩ£һ٩żˡ
׷ǵ˻ûôࡣڸͨˣõͬ⣬ŴġųǿôϡŹֵҪ󶼴Ӧãǲ³˹ͲýˣڿûмûֵġһӢģŵӣһͷɫĳЦҶԼ֣򵥵ҽһ¡
ҶҲв³˹գЩΡ˿ҲЩ飬˵ȫҶ밮˿ǳġȻЩ飬ȴһ㶼ֳܱޱһȺ̸
Ҷʲ룬Ⱥ˿ô˵ҪǸʵ飬᲻õԭº½ءҶ뻹ˣҪǸǣΪԼģȻҪҵӡŪⳡȫ˶ĿľôҶð
ҶԼ˺Լ˵Щܺˡ


238 ֹˣ
̵Ŀ֮˵Ļֻصδˡû취ֱЩго
ֻ˵ţǵһǵģȻͱҶüƻˡѶޣպòȵʱϣֱҶ֪ˣȫץʱ
˵ȥΪİţȼͷ޵ģһͷʵĻԴһѡҲͶһ໽ų˸ոսǻһгʸеޡ
˵Ѿȫˣȫ߸һһҪս˾ҵ
ϣҲͬûͬ⣬Ҳܱ˻û
ô˵Ҳĵ̣ڹھͽǵĿ϶ЩʵġȻǱ˸ֲʵǰǵģôҲҪ˵ûôʿҪࡣµľͽˣŹˣŪ
ȺĵģͻȻԴ󷢣Ȼ˺ˡڹԼ£һıʿҪʿһľսһһϣץҲ൱иѵֶΪء
ˣȺ־ûûصģĥ˰ʱ䣬־ʹޡ
ˣûнǶãתٵӳսǡޱίİսеһ˵Ȼٰ˿һȻе޶ˡ
һȷʵ̫Σաڶ̫Σգ̫ˣǡⷴǵİһѵģϼһͳսء
ڵĳоǸ޶УӴܣ߸һȺŪеʿ̬ӯޱƵ˷ҲһȺʿԾϷŴ׷ᣬ̤˲ٵķЩصûа취е޾Ϳˣϲ˷ֻڽֵûĿ񱼡κʿ̫ˣΧ׷½֮£Σû·Լ·ײ˲ٵԺӷӡ
еʿȫˣڸά򣬲ӴĻȺ˵ʵǲЩˮнζҵǣⲻʱܿʿ˫ƻأǶܿǷ˺һЩͽ׵ʿ˵ǿ϶еˣǻûз
ˡһȴӳдսǣϿл졣Ҷʼý㱨ϣ졣
Ȼϣȫ»Щġ˲ͱĺɱûˣûȡ˿Ч
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Ҷʼ˾ڷϷֱӱ˳ȥ˵ϡϼӹ̵Ʋϵ˸ǻס˷ûб塣
һӰһӼǰķгٵĳ嵽˳УС˫ϣ΢΢ƽСǰոոֹĸٴεĸ˳ÿһ鶼оâڱȫסˣҶƵ춯ɱ
ǰһ̻쳣ս˲ðšǿҵķԱȣֱ۵ĳг˹Ÿ˵սǵ
֮ǰҶҲԶԶĹ۲һΣȻ˵ҲЩļиƵĿ£ǱϾ̫ԶֲǱԵĶûһֱ۵顣
սУ֪ŸǲǹģûκεķҲˣҼĸĶࡣһһģˤƣ˿ƶ
ΪʲôҶʻùŸǹģǾǹŸڳʱҶʸоĿݺݵĵһԼ
ֹˣŸƽǲѹֲסŭ
˻شҲû˸ҿڻش𡣹ŸŵǰʱҾ֪ˡǰһֱûнӴ壬ͻȻôһ𣬿϶Щìܵġǻзִ磬ûˣҲûƻǳءҲһֻ۱һֻۣʱֹˣ˿ͷҲలˡ
û뵽ԽԽˡȻ󶼸Ҳعˣھڲ·ӡưܲսǣŸͷ֮ۡһûѶٵӡ
ʱ䣬ʱڰƻ˵ĸһظԭеĶʵ㣬ǮĳǮĳһϼǺšҪĻһһһȥŰݷáҪ壬ߣȡֵǮĶ͵ǵծŸ˵˵ֱð
һˣ˪ӣȫˡŸôһ˵϶ǲһֵǮˡ޶ûǮǮ϶ˡȥҪٲҪһٰӵġ


239 ̨
ҪκεԹԣǵĳǺܹƽġΪʲôֻ֪Ҫսڣʲô֪ġ
ȻˣǳͷҲǲеġⳡ־ҲŪİɡɣպǰսǻָˡأҲһͷԸǽһ򲻻ı̨Ҷ׵ģ죬սŸޱյЦЦ
ӢǰһƵʿǳһȫսǵ޸ŵһˣڿôһ˳Ҷ춼ϢƬ̵ġ
˴ˣҲӱ˻޵Ŀ֪ΪҶʶֳġȫȻû뵽Ҷֻ˸ͷԼƨƨߵľȤԼġҲֹˣ飬ͰζҶʵͷˡ
Ÿ裬ҵҲͬԸϷҲҧгݣȵ
ȫǵĻҶˡⲻǰԼϼſôҪȥ̨ˣǺ󡣿϶ӭŸĿĵսҶʺܻɣ᲻Ϣʱ䣬Ǽֱսˣĥ
οǲܵġҶڼƻôӳսǣŸǳʱĴҶʵĶС
̧ͷΧһȺѵܡû˿Ҷʳ׵İѾŸˣܵļƻ̥С
Ҷ溺ӣүǡǰ˵飬ҵȻǺţڿȷʵӵˡʵĽ㲻֪˽ɵģΪľи˳Ľսȫһİɡոֵ֪겼³˹ЦЩֻ˼
Ҷ֣ͲˡҪҪֻ̨˵һ¾Ϳˣ֤Ū׵ġһŪҲŵùˡħ۵ҲЩ²һ£֤ʵһ¡
˵ҶôһŪҲŵùˡһĶϳ˼ţ˵Ƕǵĥ£Ǻúõһ׷ţӵ˳˴ĵطû뵽⺦Ӵܵףǳֵܵ˰죬Ҳ˰ĳе֡
ҲɻĿԼҶڨڨЦŵ˵ͷ
˿¸ҶʲϽæʵҲй͵ġ
˵ţЩߵĵͷ˿ҲˣЩˣʱֻŸҶʺ棬ûϸĿǣͰæˡ
Щͷˣǰú͸׵ĶԻûҶʾǸǻ
ȻǵЩ˲ǳҶģǳˣҲҪ⡣ԣʱˣٶϼ̨ðҲһȥսѵð޸귿ᣬսЩʼ֪ǲǹҶʹȥŸͻȻ˵
Ҫ˵ĻѾ˵ˣôѡ⣬ҷԸҰʱʱɡŸ˫ѹеĽֶȥ
ҶŸĻЩ飬ȻĹŸ裬ְìͷ˰һȺˡڳͷǣǹȥʵڸҶ鷳
˱ѾܲˣͷޱȡŸôһһȺˣжҪˡҪɻһҶʻԼѾĻˡ
ҶʣҸû꣬ھ͸ƴˡ³˹һȣֱҶ˹
³˹ûжԪ֪ԪֻֿԣֻҪѵҶһ£ҶܵƤ֮ࡣҶʱЩ飬ȷʵΪģҲûжԪ
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Ҷʱǲ㷴ģǴǶһ٣û뵽ôڰֱӾۿ׻˵ˣ˲ºְ
һǼԼúÿҶǵ뵽µȻܲˣһ䣬ϥǺݺݵһײ˲³˹ıϡ³˹û뵽ҶʻᷴҶֱӸײ˳ȥ˵ϣһࡣ
ֳҶʣŤһʲôժңǧɱʲôģѧڵŤŤȥ
ԱߵİһȺҲûпţΪ˿Ĺϵûв֡ǣ⼸һ壬˭·Ͱ˭͡ǵĳº֣Ǵ˭ôǾ˭ù˭
ͦôҪһҸǵôŸ費֪ʱһԣЦ˵
ųҴ˰ŹҰɣⲻǿ˸֣ûʲôֵ鰡ŸҶʾһĲ³˹һŵſҶʣĻ˹Ÿߣҡ


240 鷳֪ͨһ
ܣɡŸ費ᣬһ߿˲³˹
治޲ˣһµϵĻҳԪһתϵྡȥҶһߣȻͲȥˡĬĬվһߣҪ·Ĩƽ壬޷ոյķŤϵ
ҶʣĺڳſʾڡŸתͷҶʣ͸¶ѹֲסŭ
ǰóԺúȵдţһתĹ򣬾͸ԼŪôӡ˿ûΪ˵˵ġֱǸ׳нľˣӴսǵĸƽˡҲѹֹŸôķŭָдʲô顣
ܰôĽ飬ڰɡҶʴŹ֪㲻ˣӲͷƤ˵
ǲܰšȻҪ˶ãҵĴϻ棬ͻһȺΧս˰ɡ⣬ӡ̨͸ʵʵĴɡ㣬װĴǲģǳͬġŸ˵ҶһļƤ˶һ亹
ҶҲûˣǿ϶ܲ˵ġǹŸ˵Ȳ˵ϵϴϡϵˣ̨ϵȶֹġ¶ǳͬİɡ
ųҸոͻƣ绹ȶ˵ˣҲȫ֪ҾͲ˰ɡ׿ڽţϣӹһ١ŻᱻһȺ˲Ъս׾Щ£ʱ֪ƽʱ۵ĵͽʿԼߵʱսԼ
ð׾û壬÷еġҪǵ˵ͽʿУǸǰײ̵ġ
Ȼûйأ֪ºð˿϶Ѳ˹ϵģڸһֱҶʵ飬֪ˡʹýսô˵ð˿ԼϡŸһ㶼ΪЦ׳һɱﵡ
ҶʺͰͬʱȣС
һ㶣תͷ˿Ҷʣ㻹ġҾͲʲôˡԸ氮˿졣
ţҾ֪ܵġôûץ˼Ҳǳҳֹİɣ֪˵ûСûʲôɡŸϴЦԵʮֵⰬ׵ľŤͷļˡ
ûУûУûСųӢŸ趼Ѿ˵ˣǴžζﻹġæŵͷӦƴƨ
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𣬱𣬱ûʲôԲסģֻҶԺʲôʱ֧һ¡ȶȥѡ˶Цҡ֣ȡЦҶʡ
һһҶΨбԿЦ鷢չӣȫǳԤϡ
ֻܹսƽʱ˵̫ƽˣսе̫ˣһһʲôڲͬ飬һѷľˡҪҶ֪ĺԶ˳ŲŻɡ
Ҳȷʵûа취ҶʣȻ˵һʼ;˹ŪġҲȷʵȤҳֹҲûдҲһȺӸøҵġҶʿһͷǳ£Ȼǵʿ˸β
˵ʲôﶼҪҪƾԼʵȥץӲĥܵ޸ͲģмɾͶ̫ߡ
飬˶ûˣ֮󶼸Իؼȥˡ
ҶЩˣ飬ȥ׼ҺЩˡ˵ʵսУҶ˲زģһʱ仹ûеطȥˡ
мʱ䣬ҶֺβһظٺľһۡǷҶʵľȣҲ˰˿һԵǵĶҶʣſ˽Χˡ
Ȼ׵Ļһ˿üͷչ˿һڴĿҶʡ
ǣðɡٴδŰˡǰ飬㲻ҪϡҶҲûʲôطȥ΢˼ҲʹӦˡ
һ¹һ¡Ҳϲʲô鶼Ϊһ̸Ҷ֣´ʲôǣĴ֪ͨһ¡ҡҡͷʾ⣬Ǳôˮ飬ûа취ôͻġ
Ǹ⣬һ⡣Ҷһ˻·еʣͷ˼£Ȼ˳ȥ
ĵǰ׼ķһ·Ͽ˲ٵʿ޶ɵȻġҶʵҲûֻ̳Ŀж͸¶ŹŹֵĲζ


241 ƽ
ֵǶ͵Ͽ찡Ҳ֪˭ߺһһȺ˶ŤͷҶһˣ໽żӿϵĶ
˶һ·ӡʵûеڴƬˡ·˲ٵˣȻҲСҶʻ˰ţҪһ·ţûԵϵĶ࣬ܿľһյء
Ȼûж֣е˸ŵĹâԶڴŹʱ̨ʱڹؼʱ̨úõĽѵһҶʡ
ҪǴĹҶʣҪǴĹŸ裬ҪܿսǡţԻ̾ͶֵģǶֻʵʵĹս޸ɣҶʰ̨ų̋ȥĥҶʵԪҶʽƣʱȥݺݵҶ⣬ţүүҲƢģ㶼ƭġ
ӻ˰׵ļУûκǣʲôûзһǵĸҲûԼ˲ܲ˵ģûж԰̨±ʾͬҲûжʾԵġ
Ȼսֵǰ׼ҳһʼҽ˹ˮ˰ѻݸٻһЩ֮ⲢûʧҲ˴ĵ̣һʼ⧲֮£˷Ĵ岢ûκε˺֡
˰׼ңе嶼ˡ˼ƵĶ㵽˳ļһҶǳ¶ҲûʲôķӳΪ֪гǱЩνսκεı仯飬Ҷ׳ˣȥɻϣҲǴȥġ
ҲܶҶʲôƢ׶Щð˿ʲôû˵ġȻûкҶʷѹϵֽǶʱڶҶˡҶһŪ飬Ҳ¶մȵġܡɹҪЦĳŹ֡
Ŷˣа˿˿Ҳǰף˭ȥһɰŮӼƽϵءӦΪ˿ĹϵҶҶʵĲһЩҪҶʻôôɰôƯСȥôɶءȻûʹľ˵жôġ
ԺдʵģҶʻЩϾûнãǻǲǵķһЩĶҲνÿҶʽ̸̸һЩϵĵãҶΪûʲôȻǣ̫Ļû˵Ҳ˽ԼĵҲҶʷ
̸̸ĵã̹̣׵ҲȤ
ҵľҪ˿ˣʮ꣬ʲôѾˡвסӣҪȥ棬һƬæµ
˿ֲźܺõ츳ҶʶЩʣЩ겻ҲĽ׵ΪŰҶ̸ϵ飬˿÷ǳȤһ߷
е˵ǣҶ̸һЩţ˵һЩȤ£˿ῩĴЦҶ̸Сʱ£Сʱ۸飬˿ۺȻҶֻôסһЩ˵
ڼ伸ʵвסڰ˿ĹĶҲȥ
ʿæȻ죬ڷȴ˼׵񣬹Щݱٵ˵ķ˾סʿҪǳǮֽģ޾͸һЩһЩĽġȻʿЩ޾͸ݹ
ƻʵ̫ؿ󣬷Χ㣬ƽռô׼ôĲϡҶѰңľɼʵʯȻ˶޷½š
֪ûǲãҶǳȥʱ򿴵˰ţСɽһһʯϣһѾõľϡǰţҲ۵ĴŴһҶʣߵİͦصģ·Ҷ߻һ֪ĻǹģصĲҶһţҶʶԴޱΡ
Ԥϵ鷢ˣȽǵʱ򣬾ܴҶû˵˶ĳУͻȻһȺޣҪ೯ϦദﻹǷǳĲԸġҲҶһĶһͷҾ˵ĸԭ򡣶ΪһȺģҪ˵ģëѪޡ
һʱĳϦദҹͬͶʵ˵ʵƷʱҶˡȺʵԼеˡڴҲ̯ˣûʲôìܣһкЦ
Щᱻٵ˵ķˣһʼޱȵĻ󣬵Ƕŭԡһʿʵǿһ޸ӵĲǡ
ദִҲһҲҪԺҲҪ˵Ҳȵġϵͺ˲٣ʵۣǳԡڵһˡ


242 ̨սʼ
֪ҶײŪģǹŸһʼԤϵԹûһʼֵֹĲˣųͣ˵޸ҵԺҲЩˣŸҲЩ鷳
Ҷи̵Ĳ²⣬϶Ǻߡϼһǵ˱ԣռıˣҪͷҶʵˣ˳Ǯ˵ʿһͷŲڶǳĲ
о仰ô˵ţԭԱ棡˵ľǹŸ˰ɡֵģҲ֪ѹŸ˶ٸˡ
˵ҶײҲ˵ǹŸȼ֮ԼϰߣҲǺͬ೯ϦദҲԼϰߡ
ͻȻİԭûʲôĪжԵۺһȷʵܹ໥ٽ϶²ϡ
Ҷ취ȷʵõһ취ͬ廥ͨ޵ġֻסϣ嶼СһЩҪеìܣֻʱˡʱһҶϰˣʲôìʲôҲʧˡ
Ÿ趼˳ڵĿսѹ׼˵ģû뵽ʲôʲôͱ裬˾ͱӣ˾˵ͷҶôһϷһʼŸҪȥֹģתһ͸˵İֻڴִܾԱǲܵģеķƱ鲼ÿһ磬ŸֻҪһܱеˡ
ҪȻҪǹŸˣҴ鷳ôʹĸһͷˣͷʾڶˣǼֱӷѵΪҲڳУԼĵϣŸ˭ԹŸһ·񣬻ôƵĴ
ô˳һѸٵĴˡǵĳսǴˣΪһҶʵʿġһֻЦԼĳǳзĵļǿ˾䡣
ִ˵սǱٻءŸһͬ裬ڳģһƬ־ȫ˽ȥĿǰŽᡣҶסˣޱĽҶսǵҡ޲ҶԼĵϵңԼĳǳȶ
ǲʵģҶѾҹˣȥҶʼʩҶ֪Ǹıˣ˭ôѪ׵ľͱˡ
û취ȥҲСһĲõŪЩЦԷǵ飬ʲô˶ᡣʲôʳů
˵ҲȵģҲⳤáҲûôƫˣϵǢࡣȻսǵġһ𿸹ǹû취ȣǴĽ飬ֻûĻ̵̻ģû˽ˡ
ȻЩҶǹĵġǵĺӵͷˣһɫޱѿǱضһ
˵Ц߹Ҳϲĸʳ⽻ôˡҲͽĸι̣ǰĲ֪˶ˡЩӵĿˣҲóƽʱóԵĶд˱˵ģټԭǸٻģҲͶͶһЩ
ﶼһƬϲ죬սһƬڡЩģģԼķݡÿڣȥΧļæµ
⻶ֵ£ŸԭΪ춼޷ɵĹӲڶ̶̵ھˡ
սǵĿиȥĻµģոµһƬġŸҲֺǺǵģĲ֪жô˳ˣ˳ĵļ˰ɡ˸һʱ䣬Ҷôһεͷˡ
죬⿪ʼ̨˵㻰ӦǵľҪܷ֡ĵսҶûһܵĵġҲõº󱨸Ҹǳڳһʱ򣬹Ÿдȫǣƽǲлֵ
¡¡죬Ŀյش˼̨ӡ̨ܲƣǿҵĲѷƵķ̶̳ȡ
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ٸǣҲɡȻ֪һ򲻹ǿӺҪѵһҶʡҲôϲ˵˰˿áҾͰͷȥ
ֵܡǸáҾлˡ
лʲôл˰ɡߣԿ⡣
ܻܲһ
ŶҶˡҶʺǳԿ⣬Ȼк鷢кȾȥӵñһ£̫ˣȥƵꡣ
û⣬ҵġ
һͷͻһʿĶԻǹĽˡҪҶˣ֪ô롣


243 յĹŸ裡
ǵ޺ʿǼӰӵƴڸϹԶʾ̿ʼ޶ûһǿ񣬺޲̨̳ӵҶǵĵ
ǹųһ˵һһӡ硱Ȼʧ˳Уô󶼲ᣬ˸ơ죬ھĵġҶûа취ֲȥˡȾƵĺȾɣʵ˵ĸϽؼ˯
˶յսǰϿ˵սںжȹġ

Ҷʼһҵվ̨ϣһһ̨ӣһſЩҶûмҲվ̨ϡе츳˶жȤζҶʵֻһ֣һһʼڼ˸εĵط˯ȫûв
ʱǱŸץˣһǿǵڶսߵҪ󱻹ŸӲץġмǱԼеĳģΪһ̨ӣ˹Ÿ費ٵĺôǴʱûվ̨ϽսȫŲϺ˵һ
һЩҪ󣬹Ÿ赱ȻֻܾҪʵȥֻҪֹ󷽣Ÿ͸һ̨ӡŪһֻ̨ǻһֵĹ򣬸տĴҲˡ
³˹˻ԺЦĺҶʴкЩȫǱˮıͲôˡЩǱǮŪ˸ʸľ͸ӵĿֲˣԴһ֣Ķλڳſ̨ϵҶʡĶţתʲôҲĶţҲ֪ײ˶ٵˣ˶ٴԼˡ
ȿȣҶͦô̫ˣҶǶӵŸľһˣǹŸֱڲųӻǸ˯ѣ۽Ƕʺ
ҶʵҲһһֱѹѹȺţƥսţʱ޿̵ĶڳһȺ˴񾭡ֱȴܻҪܣҶʶҪܲˡ
ҶʴԵĿһ£µĹһ¡⣬ˣǶˣֱ̫ˡսʲôʱôʿҶ۾˺ЩսѧԺУ꣬յǾȻ˻дѧԺ·ꡣ
޵Ҳ԰ôôࡣʱһûô࣬޵һϡڵľҶʾͷֶ˺üġ˵ϡٵ嶼ô࣬޾͸Ӳ˵ˡ
Ҷʻɣǲ˹гԩĴԶҹ˰ɣȻųһЩʵҪͷġΪ˭֪ķǣվ̳ϵ˸Լȡ֮
ڴҶڹעսǣȻгսɣǲôӮ˾Ӯˣ϶ǻᱻ߸ȥģĿҲʹﵽˡ
ŸҲ󣬲ȴûйʵ˼ʱ䣬ܰݰݵıȺСˡҪˣȥսҶǼˣЩǮȴʽ򣬻Ĳġ˳ǮΪ˰ѼһսһģҪûսǻʲô
սԽ࣬ԽŸСֹţûҶʼ˶̲סһ֪ΪΣͻȻоЩ
Ϊ˱֤ƽҲΪôҾԣŵźεսһһġһҪ˵ǣûУÿ̨ӵ̨һݵĵط̨ǰȥһ£ϢºҪǱˣŸԳ棬̨ϵ˵鷳Ÿֹһһ
Ӣꡣ
ųҶ㣡
ųӰ

̨ϵ˫һЩ̨ϡǰ˻пսߵ뷨֪Чôֻܻ±ĲҶȫҶǵѹҲҪСࡣ
ŸֱǶĻ׳棬Ÿո뵽İ취ͱŸˡӶû£ͱŸɱѿ״̬
һ̨໽ţ۾һ˷ܵĳǻǺεȿµľ󡣹ؼЩ˶ûй˼ҲõͱŸǾ仰൱ڸһơҶǳ־͵õˣ˻鷳˲ʹûʲôá
һ뵽Ҫʱ䣬˶ͷƤ飬ǵĴ
ˣҾͲʱˡڴҶҪ̨˰ɡߣʢɡǵ̨ǰҪȥһŶŸ٩һ䣬һĳȻ˳ڣ𣬰ѳ
ųӢ
ų꣡
ųҶ㣡
ľٶָŸӮ˲ٵģŸ趼ʧˣò


244 ҶʵС̣
ȿѾ˸ƣȷҲˣֹͣ
зˣȻЩҪȵų֣ɷҶǣԼܳͷʲôġǱϾðɣڹŸһʩʱô롣
ϾͲ˼ңȥҶΪԼǳûٵģһҪǱסˣʱһ֪Զŵȥռˣһ
ڲһ˰Ÿôһ˵͸һĻǿȥȫԸҶǾͲ޼ɵĳˣΪǵ룬öǵȫ൱ڲǮһ㣬־ԲҪǣҶˣΪ̫ţܻӶԷѧܶĶֶΪء
¾ͶҪȥˣȥʱЩ뵱ԪϺܶ࿴дŵ
ϣǰ棬ǶӦң
ǰôҶӡȥˣôģҸҧҰ
ɵƣǰôӡôǰָƨ֣·סˡ
˺ǰִ˸󣬸ǰӿǫ̨̈̄ϣ㼷ңҼģִޡ
Ҷʵ̨ǰΪҶǶˡ˵ķͷʵȷʵǿ˵ǲһеĵһˣǾһеٮٮߡΪؼǣڶˣεĴҾҶŪģһȺ˶ȿֺģҪõҶʵһѪ
Ҷʣ³˹Щϵһеٮٮ̨ǰҲۼ˲ٵˡǿҶ̨ǰ̫ˣʵǾüȥƲѡˡ˵һѡ˭䣬ѡһĻܶһᣬ࿴һЩ
ÿ˵̫ǰǳĻ𱬣ЩǮҲǡҶѰ˼ŴܼˣԼȥ档
Ϻ˰̨ǰҲ쳣Ļ𱬣𱬾ЩζˡΪƽհ׶Ƚϵ͵˭ͿģһʿɣаȻô֣޵ļζʵǰμġ
ΪЩԭ˶˼֡һ᲻κεĶֵͷڶҪ˰ױ˸ңᱻܶ˱ӵģᱻġ
ڶˣΪʲô˵׵̨ǰءΪ׵̨ǰŮӣ󲿷ֶǻŮӡŮʿǴ󲿷ֶȻǷˡŮʿΪҲûм󲿷ֻᶼһ׵ģȷǿܶ࣬ʿоǸոͯʵ
һȺû֦չĹ̨ǰţҲҪ̨Ϊ˶Щϸϵ֬ɢ˳˱ǡΪⴿүǵĻ˺Ũصһɫʡ
ýҶʼ˿棬ͬˣҶʳҲôôĴء̨ǰͬɽ˺ģԼ̨ǰŨصˡ㡱ҲҪѵԼ׵Ǳ߾ǵϵܰ㣬̨¶ڣķ绨ѩµİɡ
ҪǿԣҶĺͰ׻һλá
ͻ߻ֺʱʱһ۵ˣεսĽֵϡ¥䲻ǰĴңڵսûиĽֵʲôӰ죬Ȼôľ޴󡣻˵ǣӵĶˡ
ڣֵ϶һĿΪε̨սġҲʣʱĿġ
һվ˰
Ҫһҹô°ɡ
߹·ҪĺģϾҪֹͣѺע˰

ѹһҵҶʤʻλƵڽֵϣйرζĲģóһѹϡ
ʲôȷҪѹҶ£и¼С˶ޱȳԾʳͬһ⡣
Ҷʵ¡Ҷվһֱ˸ȥսΪֹϵ⣬ʶͬһشҲܱһֻʷڣϽļ¼һŶƱ
ÿһ̿ڶҶʵΪҶף˴ΪҶŪ飬ҲΪԭսҶʵĲҶʿ϶Ǽֲ˶õģһ˵ʵкܶ˶ǣҶʵһ£Ҳ͵ģΪʵ̫ˡ
ʴʱȻǽӵҶʵָʹҶóԼеĽңֵǮĶ밬׵ѺѺ˲ٵĽҡȫԼʤҪ׬һʡ
طҲǳʱпģȻҶʾͶ˼
Ÿ費ҪԼôôҲܿˣңҾ׬ǵĽҡǴ׬һʣʱҾսˣŽƨɾˣǾҵطȥɡ


245 
Ѹٵİֶһ飬Ѻעľȥѹôһң٣ոհҶʸǮù⡣ʵ̫ȷˣûиһĽҡ
ҲʲôҶʴ˴ѾˣҲû뵽ΪʲôԼĵӻݱӡֻĸԸĵȵġ
˿ɵһĿ⣬תλƵȥˣһĽңһѵĶƱ
һ뿪Ľֵʻָ˱ǶҪֵ˶ˣǰ˰۳ЦԩͷʱҲôǵģһ̿ڣǿһɽҪ°ѽҶѹһطʱ̿ڵ˲֧ѹˣʶ޲һͳеĽһˡ
ʣŲ֪СλƵų̨ȥҪҶʱ棬ĵĴޣĵĴĵĴúõĴ
뵽ҶǱ̬ʣ㲻ԪսͬʿҶʸоŽˣź񶼱ˡ
ôĽңôûҶͷȥɡⶫû˻̫ģԽԽá
꣬ȺпٵĴţһȻµˮйͨģٶȴޱȣû˿ļ
Զʾǰ󷽵ȺƴǰȥһҲǸˣԭǹŸ˸µĹأ˶ŵһȥҪսˡ
е㵣ˣ֮ǰԤһȫһǵǾʮľͷʶЩë֮ǰĴȫòˣָܸʿĿ籩Ĺ˵Ļǲ֡
ʶЩܲµҶʴʱˣ϶ǰġЩԥҪҪھȥ
ת£ͶôĽңҪǶˣͿˣС㶼ˡȻʵǮҶģǳԺȶҶڸģҪ˻̲ͷ˰
ҧҧȻȻĳȥΪģΪЩңΪ˽ķǮ
˻ִϣһϸӰ˵ߣϣǰеˡգ۾˱̨ķΧ룬̨Զǿƣ̨ϵһУҲֹ˴롣
ûйİ
ǣ֪ŶӰ֪󵽰
ιǰôġ˴ˣúĲˡ
԰ǽʲôôǺҶһô
ǰȥʲô

ʳִݣ˽˴ΰɳ²֡Ȼعģ˴˾ͲˡֵģʵģҲִ̨ÿ˵ġ
ҿǵ˴죬ΪڹҵһϡȻǶôĿҲͲƳˣԭİѽ˼ȥˡЦĿˣָָķ֣һ޹
Ͻ˷ʱˡȥΪҲ֪һġȺ˴ĺǳʣЩ
ǶսΪʲôҲսҲһкܴĳսġʸӵ޹ˣ˵תҶʣ̨µˡ
ôˣҶʼеʵ
Ұ£ġؿڴŰƱ
ǾͺáΪˡǿЩ鷳ˣĹͷҶţԼǮļƻܵһЩӡ
ҪҪҰæ˸ſڵ˯ơ
ã֪ͷֻʲô򡣲֮϶ҪæġҶҡҡͷתһ룬ֿ˵
ʵ˼ҶףҲһӣ̨һֻ顣һ϶ҶʣһͿ˭ˡҲ˵˯̨һֱǹرյģֻиżȴûʲô취ġ
ҲҶ˵ôˣ֪ǹŸֻЩʲôĥ˵İ취һڻؾˡ뵽Ҫϵսģģ϶Բʹ˸ɫʿҶʴġ
ʸҶôã˺ܶʱ򶼲ý̸֪Է뷨ĬҲҶʹ˸ɫʾס
Ҿˡתҡҡλε̨·ȥ˵Ҳ֣ոڰнӴǹ֣ƾʧˡʳ̨µ˸Զȥ
һʿۼ⣬뿪뷨ʱ򣬾ƴǰܣʸո뿪ַΧʱ򣬾һͷ˽ȥոմ򿪵ķֿٵıպϡ
ûаӡɣ
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246 ˭
̨ΪһΣռһα˵ġ̨״˵ˡи˵ûɢִӴϲ˴󱯣ɫ԰ֽ
λֵܣֶһİɡʲô֡ҶЦ˫ʮָһžž죬Ǳһ
ҶʣҶ磬ҴˡŲʹˣʵ͵ġھȥȥˣסȥ
Ҳ˰ɣûӡʣǵһģҼº󱨸ôҶһ΢Цã¶һڴ
Ҷ磬ҵһƨ˰ɡӵİˣ亹һŽһŵĹ䣬²Ҷˡ
Ҷ˵ҶѾסˣܶûˡվԭأˮʪ½ֻҶܹдܹһ档
İѣ϶ģ˭ôءȻҲǺģºҲõĵұҶļ򣬰ĵһһġҲ֪꺦ҶʣΪҶʵ̫ԭ
ǰҶǺиţޱȹƨУȫǺҶմϱߵġ
гͱˡô˺гôһֱء̫ˣҲǲסҶʴսĶԣСֹţ
顱һ죬Ӿֱӵ˳ȥԪ֣ҽͷܶĵطȺзӦǸһһƬǳϡ
ȷʵûģֻ߹Ƕ˼Ҫڴôˡ⻹Ҷ֣пƵĺȻֱӰ򱬳Ѫ
ҶʻҪ˳ĸ·ȺһģɳȥڻҶʹ˴ԪֻȽӴȺ֮󱬷Ȼ˵Լɱˣû˵Լ˵ġŸһǣҶҲҪйһ£ȻԼˡ
ǹŸȻк֣ȻôĵľͽȥˡǱԪڽӴֵʱ򣬱˳ȫĥˣûе͸ȥġ
Ҷˣ̨ϵֻԪиӦûκεơǿǵ׵ʿƻѾС˵ԶŰɡ
̨ϵ˶ҶҶʵɫ࣬ûյƤЦ֪ҶЩˣĳ֣δûζСʵ˵Ҳʵˣͱİ󣬻÷ζɲǺܵġ
Щ˱ϾǵͬȻЩ侮ʯûٵսﲻҲܿǡȴûа취Ҷ飬ĳ֡
ҶʵľҲܲһ֮󣬶һԲĶ̨̨״ս
˭ϽġҶСүûлûҶʻָɨ̨µˣĺǳšһ򵱹Īļơ
бҶʿ˶Щʶĵͷ­ܿҶʵĿ⣬ĽĻ˰벽뵽Ǽ˶࣬Ҷסʵ̫ˡϽ̧ͷŬĵɴ۾ҶʿȥȴҶʵĿ綼ƿˣûԼͣƬ̡
˭ֵĺôҪѵôҪҵϳôھǻᣬϽҶͻȻЩģһĴ˼
ʲôֻһˣѵסˡһԵȺ
ԣֻһˡ϶ҧ󣬺ο֮Ĳ໹Ϻʹǰ޴һһĥ
ֵǣʲôҪǴȥ˼ôôˣһ˸סˣһӵĳ衣
ԣ

һĺۣȺжȥעˣڿն𣬲Ⱥļǰȥ
ûִˣԶÿһ·עȥӡȻע̨ȥ
鼤ͨ죬ܵĪ裬˫г˲˶ɢƸ۵ϢȼеѪѪԡ
ܲҶޱĶֱ꣬ͷ˺飬ͻȻ˵
ȻʱеķŭͲûм٣ȷʵĵż©ӣռ˵Ⱥ˵ִѪԺܿɹ
ллȻǿһʼҲûдս㡣㲻ǡǿ̧ͷֱҶʡ
ȻܲվҪ۵ġһпʵ˵ʵҲô˵ҶͻȻЦˣʲôЦ顣


247 Ҷʷ쭣
ôȷʵҶһʼǲӦìܡǹŸһʼͶ쵽ҶʵͼȴûеһʱֹΪһóеľĵģӦôô
ĽˣŸ˵˫աĽìܣӮġȺ˵Ǳڹľ񻹶ԹŸޱȵĳ羴Ϊ˽һİ壬⻹Ҷʼ˶ȵĳ̨
˭ϵڼ˶Ƭ̵Ϣʱ䡣Ÿ軹ôˣȵ˶޷Ҳûа취ܡ
ΪʲôΪŸʵǿҲΪŸǹ͸ôˣʲô
ҶʲŻͻȻЦôķЦôĳ˳ζ
ģҲɱ㣬ӻҪŸġɱ㣬ҿҲ߲ˡǼȻˣ⡣Ҷʻָƽ국˵
ҾͲˡУҶʵĻһ߸иԵɣܾôȻȥôһȻ֪ҶʵĶ֣ǴŲͬˣѡ˳֡
ƴѹեԼתɫ죬ҪѪƴﵽԼʷ۷壬겻ٵȴͬѪѪȭͷҶ
һȭ˷ֱ㲻Ҷʵš
Ҷһֱûƶȵȭ綼÷˿Ʈĳ֡Ҳûпôֵģһϡ
ҶʻųƵĶ굹˳ȥսȺס˺üͣ
һͷѪīһţʺҺ塣
û°ɡ˻ģеһ䡣
¡лҶ飬ķڷմŲͬòս̧ǵѪҶʵл֮תȥˡȺϽѿһһͨͨ
Ҷʲ㲻̹ȻĵлҲû˵һ仰
˶µ˫ûκεĽ͵˼Ҷ֪ʲôû˭˵˭Ҳû˭ãôĻء
ʵ֪򲻹Ҷʣǲ뱻Ҷʵļѹסʿĵģպĳɾͻܵ谭ƴת˹Ȼݵʱڹܴʱޱȵ
ҶʿԿ϶չûбԼϵҪϸһϡȻֹˣʵתĹͣͨ³еѪȻҲǻһʱܻظȴûʲô֢˵ȬʱΪһ¥
Ĵſһ϶һжڵĹŸ迴ԭΪ޷ļƻȻҶʿˣùŸЩաҶʵڵº֣ùŸЩŭҶȻˣȴûȡ˼ƽ
Сӣ򵥡治֪ҲſڴһжĸӦУڵ˵
ǲ򵥡Ϊˣһû뵽ȴǱһǡһĲȥʲôźƧ˾һǱתҾҪˣҶһΣúõһû뵽СӣΪ֮⣬ʲôĶϳˡŸҲһĸ̾ҶʿԺǲҪǵĺá
ҪҶǿҲ٣ʱ򻹲ʰ
ΪСסˣе߶ҪȴҲһΪǻġҵҲȥ̿ڰɣҶȥעˣȫµԼֵһָ̡һЩŸ費֪飬Ÿӿµ鱨
ʲôǵøϽһ޸һºĹϵˡŸˣΪҶʳɳǺܾԺˡСӵ츳Ǵ֪ӵĿֲȻʱأôܸϣҳԽˡھ͸ȫѹԼʤʲôģ͵ء
棬鱨ʱҽӴأŸҡͷĺ˼룬ŹЦ
ŶûСΣֵʱǲϵġ붼ûͻؾˡ
ôϵǵõ鱨أŸ費ģ׷š
Һ㲻һҺн顣һӦһ˿ûעǰìˡ
治Ÿ裬һʧ˹ŸǰŸٴĿҶһۣҲת뿪ˣϢĺˡ
Ҷʲ֪Լľٶ˹Ÿ裬ǰѹ涼ˡ֪ҶҲںôҪѹŸˡʵж粻Ǻǵģ׸ġ


248 ţϳ
˵УҶȺζǺĳ֣ȻûԱġǰȥ˶ңĻ˶Щԥˡ
ⲻһԤекܴ𰡡ҶʲӦԼһôôŹŸѹأⲻѧ·İ
ԥˣҶߵѪȻ𱬣Ȼһֶзִ硣ȻҲ˲ٵսߣǲûгʲôѪ¼
վҶ̨ǰʿڿǣǲǸûһطҶʸͲսġ˶ܹڵҶʲޣڷйץľʹһ㶼
ЩʿģװŹֿ羰ŵĨ֪ͣŰ׵̨ǰȥΪģΧŮӵ㣬Ŷ̨ϵŮʩչŽ赸Ļȭȣܰ
һʱ䣬Щ궼ˣǺͺ̨սҶǱߵѪֱûȰЩûжʵ͵ʿоԼҵʵĵط̨ϵĴĲʺǣǵð
ߵĶһС֣󲿷ֵĶûƶƶҲǰƶӡߵĶʿһƶֺ
ҶʺеСѪȵֶʿЩëѪѹһߵսЩӦˡǶ˷ˣŸ¹ݣǾҶܵԼûа취óӦеʵ˵Ѫ˵ĲսԽǿĶԽǾսԣԽ˷
ս㣡һ޴ţֻһߴӰ̨ϣûȥ̨ϰʲôӡ
ŶҶΪҲҪȵ󣬵ѵҡû뵽㻹ûô޳ܣӡҶʿ֮󣬿ĵЦ¶һڴ
ߣҰţҪҲҪƽģĴ㡣ţһߣм˵
ϳĸߴǰţ˴ս־ܺߡʱİţһ˷ܣûΪҶʺĳ־ͺ£ս
ţģ
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ţݺݵĽѵһ٣

ޣЩʶĻ˵ʿ׷׵ĸţ͡ԼҶסˣţȥսҶʡȻϣ˰ţϣϣţܹǵԸ
ΪҶ֮ǰıסǣúΣȷʵûеף˭׵ȥҴˡ
м壬ǶʲôƨС¹мӡû뵽һʼǴңС¹ʰɡΪҰţʵͺƭҾҪ㣬Ұţô۸ġʵҲŭġţ۾ǿдŴһԴ۾ĶҶʡ
ˣʲôϻˡұû˵ԼǺˣҲģ˳һΣ粻ôģʱ˻ǮҶʾȤվɲҪͰţɵģ˰֣Щͷ
һУţħȭţһȣȭͷڹ⣬ٵҶ
ҶϵһУƭţʱͱԷһкʹŤʵǿֲ쳣
Ҷʲû˿ĺ£Щ˷ܡԷһжԴʱҶʶ㱾ܷӳҪһ¡Ҷѹס˳嶯װű˳ȥ
ڿţͬʽҶʿּϲ˷ܸСܣŵĲӽɫϼ⣬ͬǺ޻ڵһȭŰţȥ
ţɣҶʸ߳˴صӡţͿ࣬ýҶʵ֮ࡣȻڹҶ˻Ĵ綼ˣҲ֪˻ˡ
ǰţҲޱȵħţͬСҶΪҶдˣһ±ذɡϾţ忴ҶʵСʵˡ
顱һ죬ڹɢ̨ǻ˻Σ̨ϵķҲǵһˮĲ
ҶѪɵûзҶʶûжһ£ɫ䡣
İţҶʴĻȥԶûǻȥģ˫ȭӴһ˲䣬ţ͸оӲţ˫Ŀס̨档Ҷʵʵ̫ھ޴ˣȻţƴĵֿˣǻǱ˿ȥ
̨֣ǳֱţվĵط˫Ѿ̨Уֻ¶ϥϵĲλ档⵱ûǰţϵж˵ĽȻ̨û£Իᵹɳȥ


249 ħţ̤Ҷ
찡Ҷʵ࣬ħޣ
ǰʵ̫ˡ̶ܹȣ
Ϊ˻ɣ
˻壬Ҳʵ̫˰ɡħţǶ֣Ҷ׵ľͻˡǴСӽһʤޱȵɡ
˭˵ģⰢţûбر塣״̬һơ

ţҶ˿ȥ̨ϵ˫ûκεıʾ̨¹սı̨ϵĻҪһŴͣԾޱȣǿʲô˵顣
һҵţԼĹ۵㡣ţҶʴ˳ȥֱԼ̨ս˻ҪܣҪԽܡ֪Ҷʺǿǲ֪Ҷǿܹ׵սЩһеٮٮߡ
ţѾǾսʤϣˣͷŵҶʸӵĿ£׵ĴĿеĸ߷壬˭׵Ľܡ
ȻʵǰһĻţڽƱţԸ׵Űǿʵ
ţҲԸһ˫һţݽȥ˵̨ϴ˳ӡ
ţٴεҶʳ˹ٵ䶯ұĴһȫͲֱۣһӡһͷħţŨڹ⣬ϺëٲĴڹӳ䣬һѪ˸
ţħţӰΪһ壬Ǵһֱֿŵı඼Ҷʵϸˣֱϸһڹ⣬ֱ۶ޱȡֱۻĵطն˿
Ҷͬܣɰţ˹ҲܳĴơӿֳĽŨһЩطתҶֺ̧ͬһȭͬûκεĻڴ󿪴ϣųİţȥ
ϡײһھҵײ˴̶Ľ
һֻϸĽɫȭͷһֻ֫ϸںڵȭͷһһεѪҺȭͷĵط䣬̨δδǣŲ˵ġ꣬ڶ˽սĵطΪޣһѺӿȥ̨һΪ
⿴ȫǲɶԱȵĶԺ䣬սƵİţҵĲţѪһػ˳ȥ
ۼĿԷ֣ţǸ߸߹ұ۱СһЩѪܱ˿ѪҺΪţĻһء
¹ۿĹڶ˵ˣΪ֪ôԼڵ顣˵ζӳ£һǿԿ϶ģǾǴҶ˲Ҳ֪ǸøţͣðţϽˡ˴ԶҶʳֵĵطˡ
ôھͿȥˡҿû߾й򣬵ȻҲɱ㡣Ҷʴʼս¾û˿ƶǾȭƴǣҶ밢ţսȫ
ȭͰѰţѾõι׵Ļˣ²ȾѪУѰţˡ
֤ʱƭȫΪģȫûһᱨҲұ𣿡ţĶҶʣı
ô˵ҶʵͷϣûбҪѡֻҪ֤һ£ʱνıţɣֻԼıһֶѡҲҪˣΪһʵ;սԼ
ҶһʼûҪʵʵ̨ϱĥĴ㣬һʼвǱŸˡмƲжԲߣҶʴʱǴ֣סˣзĶϳȻٴºֻǿߣסˡҪҪˣͰţǸʲôԼûʤ㡣
Ҷʹ۲̨µ˵ıõţսܺԼ徲һʱˡܻæһˣеˡ
ĹţͻȻſȥŨڹڳѰţ˶ڹͣȵһ˵ʱȫ
һͷ彡ħţ̨ϣ˳ĺɫëٲһ㴹̨ϡͷһţ˸ĵĺâ̫Ĺâһͭ۾ͨ죬ʵʵѪ⡣֫׳ǷݵӡֻͨļĲţСſµ
ţĶҶʣнĽӴŵ棬̨ҲнĲš
ţҶʣֻǰ߸ߵĹΡǰ̤գصҶʵӡȥ
Ҷʻԭزð˸ŨĽ⣬һȼŵĽɫ档һ˫ɫĴӽɫĻ̽εץס˰ţǰ㡣


250 æ͵
һ߳Ļ棬һС࣬˫ֵסʮ伸ħţ
Ҫ֪ħţǰǰȻص̤£ñӴޱȵħţǰ϶µļ̤ٶ
ţǲҪԼóڻҶʡʱ˵ţѾעһˣһľ˶㣬ҪһĴݿҶʡ
ҶĽס˰ţĹȻԼͬƥħţ˵֣Ҫ˭ӵ˭ӵļᶨˡ
Щ飬ϥǸЩ΢΢Ҷ˵ͷһͷһԼģһ֮ͬеսС
Ҷ֮ģҲ밢ţĶԾƶˡȺ󻬣˫ȳֳһһֱûɿǽŰţǰ˫֣ҲѰţ϶ЩĲȣǰһС
ͳŰţƶʱҶʱ仯˫ȵƣ԰ţĹת˸λ˱Űţķ˫Ƚץ棬İѰţӴ˳ȥ
顱̨𣬿̨ӽĹڶذ׶ߡȻǾ޴͸ԶɢȥĹڽӶı𣬴˷һֱ߲Żָƽ
ţˤ˸߻أ̨ӱ˸ϡãܲѪҺǾ޴ħţţȫڲͣĳ鴤
ҡ䡣Ƭ֮󣬰ţֹͣ˲ޱȵʱΣٶѪǣģһƬ
˭أޣΪҲͬһǶġйսеʣ֮ǰҶûзĹⳡһ۷ϵĶԾ
ţˣܵԼóڱһӿµҶʸˡ԰ţ˵ޱȳصĴԹս˵ҲͬǴҶעҪѹһô
ţҲûκεĲֻڶҶʵʱǷϵıһɨգеĿǰδеļᶨǰĿԼĵ˾ԼڶˣҶʡӷ˽ԼʲôĵطǶġ
ҶҲûֹɰţȥĿĬĬĵϢڵԪҲŸղŰţһİǰҶʾͶ԰ţ˸ŵĹƣ󿴵ţҲ붼ûͽֵȥӲӡû뵽ţʲôģӲǿԼҶʶƵöදһЩ
ʱŸˣȵҶ˫ۣһ̨޸ƸӵķˡȻһԲת߽˳
ҶҲĿһۣû˵ʲôеĲѾй˳ȥ֣Ҳû֮ǰô嶯վ̨ϣƽĵһսߡ
ûôҶͻȻЩȤ˴춼ûһ˸վġҶʵĿ⿴ʲôطǸطȺƴɢ±ҶʸˣӲҶʶӵġ
ԭ취͵еͻȻһ׼ǶˣҲ߹Ⱥ˵ľģųּΣͰ˶˵ӡ
ҶʵģʱŵĴͳһŴ˿ƽڵϣȻͳЩʳ˿ϣԼһô
ЩҶר׼ģҪһ̲ͣЪսңóеʱԶظһֻһҲһռסˣ˾ϲˡ
ҲһʼرʱҶʵ˼ҪһᣬҶϢ׼һ¡Ҷҡͷˣùһ֮󣬹Ÿְ©ҲˣǵʱӶʱ鷳ˡ
Ҷû뵽ǣŵһտʼãͱԼȡʳˣֻΪʵġ
Ҷһ߳ʳһߺơΧ̨ˣֱޱȡ
ԼһǴ̨Ҫöˡ̨ϵǵ㵽λãּзִ硣̨ľ͸ʩѧ൱Ҹѵڹˡ
һȫʩΪ˼ɡһԸֽţй˼ɣȻʵԶսߣҲƵæҡѾвٵҲˣЩۿһȭһƬںڡеѪ󲿷ֶ飬жദ˺ˡ
ÿһսʧܶȻȥܰʣп໹˵
Ϊʵ̫ȫÿһȥٶµ̨Ҳͷܶȿֺ̨ϳȥһһģǿеĻᡣ
ҶʶΪһѺϣรˡ


251 ˶ˣ
ҶʣһҲԵø룬ʹҶǼˡ˵æ˵Ҷһֺ飬˵ԵıҶʻá
ҲææӦԸֹٸ͵͵ģߵİֵݵġĳģĳģӦоСκ̨ĻҪĴ˾ǰףĽʺޡ
ĹǱŽͰദĻȥģЩձʵߣٵĴҹ㣬ֻһǿʵĻȭȡҲƢãÿǴһӣŶְ׷ɳȥƵĸոպãƮƮ̨£˵
ȥĹһԹĶŰףһ˿ϲΪ׶ֶ˵ʱЩϵĽӴһģޱȣһ
ûмȥĶһʵĶŸոձ׷ĹȻƴ̨ϼȥˡ
ҲǾ쵽ҶʵĿ⣬תͷҶʣһ㶣û뵽ҶŪļƣǰæӦŹûйĹעҶʡûõĹҶʾȻ̨ϳˣǿ̨սȺ˰ɡ
ҶҲͬô밬׵ģҲ̨սȺ˰ɡ̨ս̨ĶӵģǱſ̬ӡܿġҪǻɫǣ»ǳıİɡ
ҶʴĿŰףƺеľ˳ûвֱоˮʪ½ؿϴ⣬Żع
Ҷʾƺңң׻˻ǴкҲǷҶߵǱߵĵȴսĹҲѧġ
һѸٵͳһʳǰȥвʱغһãһá
ҲǶķˣ°æµôһʱˣҶʻûнܼսȳˣ׵սҪҶʶˡǶԶÿʳеĹһ˳̨һкڲôû뵽һء
׹ӣūҾһơѸٵȡһȵļȣȡŵƣһŰ׵ȥ
ããллԼҲˣͳԵĶģ治öָˡžƱԼ׸æӹһˡ
׹ӣٳūĲˣϲϿζŴϸָ׼һӵ༫ѵĲȡ
ããллԼ׸Ͻſȥ
׹ӡ

ҶʿҪˣͻȻõ˿аڷŵʳûζȽеİ׾Ƹǰ׿ˮһζԡԼ͵øУԼƺòáϵʳư¶Լ׼ĺòáⰬ׵ãʲôûйǲǲ˻й׼ʳιԡ˱˰
̨µĹڸҪˣҶʿңȴǸѹģ˺պʲôûͰƽնǶôǵĹˣûеõɫûбߡڳԵģҶӣеˣһ۲ΪѶ̨ϡ
̨ϾҪĶˣһǱ·ûġѰ˼ţǲҪطˡ
ȻҲе̫磬ӵȺбȵһȫ˶ˣľöЩˡֲʲôôĽȥԷȥˡ
ҶƵ̨ϣĶŰĪڵĺžƣڵľ׽⡣ҧĿ֨֨졣
ױëȻҲ֪ʲôطǵҶʣϽת˸ӣҶһĺס
Ҷ硣һɫӰԾ̨ҶʻعԭЦȻİ˿Ҷʵһɨգһĵ⡣
תͷÿҶʵƵ°ˣԼҲæ˰죬ȻϲۣϺ۵ĺòáԼþȻֱҶȥˣûҪк˼
˿˰ɣҶŲƨɣÿ˴ŵ˿
š˿С˵ģҶ
ȥˣһĺˮҶˣ߰˿Ķͷϳһϸܵĺ顣
Ҷ磬һҪսŶ˿ǰԼĻ˵ġ˿Ҳ⣬ɰ˲ͷĺ顣
ҲȥѺעˣͽ˵ôôģҶһ㶣Ȼ
ºעˣ̫ˣŮӣҶ統Ȼսˡ˿Щ˼ȴޱȵҶʡ


252 غˣ
ʵ˿ʻҪºעѡŵģѹҶվһ¡ڰ˿УҶʴվһҲᵹµġ
ǵȰ˿뿪ʱ򣬷ֳѾɽ˺ˣû׵ʵҲʲôħʦûа취С˿ȻƽմֵӣǱϾһŮӣʶҶԺࡣôӵȺ඼ˣĲ˼ȥ
ڼ仹ʣλƵɣ˿УΧ̫ܿͱûˡҲʵķˣ˿ֻա
ߵԭҲΪҪİҶѾͷһֱŽżšˣ˾ĶţȻּš
Χ꿴˰˿˼ԶÿЩð˿ǰվЩ˿ȺУǰŲš
ҶȿֺҶ̨ϳȥǿкһЩҶ粻Ļ˿ġ
ţϳ˿ЩΪҶʵġǿţҶ׵ķŵ˿Χ۹⣬ҶʽкãҶʲ֪ţ˱壬ص̤Ҷʡ˿ҶһѺֱҶԼҪġֱҶʶ˰ţ˿һŷķǳļ٣һ˫ָǱˮʪˡ
Ҷסеսߣǵ˵ڳһѵʳã˿ޱȵĿģҶ磬ôǿơ
ɢȥԷ˿ҵᣬٵĳ̨ϣֻһʱ俴Ҷʡ
ںĵһ仰޹ؽҪģԼĵһ˵ܣ˶֪ҶҲ֪
ǵģҪһ¡ֱӺһ˭ǰšҶҲû⣬˿Ѿˮʪûиɵ޽Щۡ
ԶҲǸոóոտ㲻ɡ߳ԣǱ߳ԣĽ硣ҶʰһЩʳ˿ǰŲŲ
ͣҶĽҸɡǱôŮιԶҶŵҶζˡ죬ҶʵĻ˿͵ЦҶʱʱĻڵɰףںģʵﻹЩζ
˿Ҳ⣬ֻҶʲôƴҲѧģһӵʳڿ½ţҶʡ
ҶʻعЩεĶŰ˿ЦЦ⵱һŮӵ棬ŮӵĴдá
ҶͻȻɫһ䣬Ѹٵ˰˿ǰŨĽʵʵĽ⡣ʵʵİԼİ˿С
Ҷֻһ޴ɫ⣬һƬɫٲһص̨ϵĹϡ
顱һ죬ǽʵĹӦѿâȥƲҶʵĽɫԪϣŻɢ
ꡱꡱڶɢȥҶܿסǸոձŸ޸ǫ̃ȴ޷סܲһˡֻҶڵĵطûܵͻأļͦš
˶һ㶣ͣϵĶתҶ￴׸ɫ䣬ǰǵȻǱģëоȻһ˿Ŀ־塣ɢȥҶ§Ű˿˶ûܵκε˺Զ
̨ƺЩˡҪս̨д˴ǽֹಫġƣҶһˡ
̨ǰһ׿ĵطվһӰȫһϮ֮У嶼ʵʵģֻܿӺ۵ͷλ˶Ҷʣ˲ܲˣûлش׵⡣
ں˷һâʱǰ˶ɢ뿪ˣĺԶԶģյ
Ҷ§Ű˿΢΢Ѱ˿˰׵ķ򣬺ҲûǶҶʡ
˭ΪʲôͻȻ͵ϮҶüһﶯ֣ȻڵѪҵıӿ⻹ǴûгֹʵҶЩԾ
˭㶼֪Ϊʲô֣˵͵һһ𰸡ǿ㵽׹ǿʸ񡣡еڷɳƸıɤβסۣӦ䲻
ҹǿʲô£Ҫ֪ܹԡʲôʸ⻰ԭⲻĻ㡣㹻ʸҹǿҶҲޱȵӲԾҲģҶʲ֪ΪʲôĶǿҵķУŷǳǿҵɱ⡣
Ŷе˼Ҳ̫ʧˡҶܵһ۾Ϳ㣬ȻϲҡͻȻЦЦʲôǳЦ顣


253 
㵽˭ҪװŪҶüЩĸоֲҿ϶ȴ𰸡
ô㻹ǲ²ôҿ˹ĴţŸոæһЩ飬Ȼƨƨߵܹˡʵ̫ˣҾһڸжûôʱ䶼ڴ˵츳ˣ˵˵µĹһһûκεĶҶʴŻ棬ǲ˵𰸡ǳĵҪҶԣҪҶļı顣
ôšҲôΪģ˵һҪӵ㡣ҶѾ׼ȷĴ𰸣˾裬ĬĬĽ䱸ţȴޱȵûѻ
ЩԣЩԣЩ׼ȷЩܹȷǴͷãôȷʵ츳׬һʣûв´Ļ̨֮㻹ǻ׬һʰɣʵйġµĹҾͲˣ˶֪顣ͬηҿЩʵˡôģ˵ô࣬µ˭˰ɡҲҶʵ٩ûһ˿̻Ƕûɡ
Ҷʿɲô룬жź˵ĹҲô롣Ȼûʲôȴһֱû˥һѳ˵쵶˵ͷʱ
ֻҳÿǿƵı֣˻ҺǸ֪ԱȡҶ䶼ˣһʼ治֪ôһˣڶ֪ˡ׷ҳˡɣҶЦţʼһǶôĴ˵е
ʲôǸôôͳˣ˶ľ޶ޱȵĳԾŴͲš˻в֪ôĹÿ˻ʱسҲήٻ䡣ⲻʲôܣ½֪飬Ҳޱȵļɵ
ΪԱ˻ʵֶλԵߵĳƺţȻҲɱ¾ĴȻҶڿ塣
ʵʵڵѪÿһǽ꣬˻ʳΪ˺͵˻ʶŸɡ
û鲻ģɱֹɱԱƱ޵ɱ¾̫ǰһ˻ʱѹŴб顣ǻ嶼Ԫǲ塣
˻ĶԾԹ忪һҵһȻûôĺպɱ
ÿһĴңǴʼ
Ҷ˻Ѿǵ۹л˺ܾãǻΪһϲԿ˸ЦûаѻҲͳ
û뵽ҲͳˣһֱæһЩ飬ղ״εĳǵСôĿŵģôĵǳҪô
Ŷ㻹֪˭ҶΪܶˡ㻹еȡ֮ġʲô鰡ѵôһһصӣŶѵĻӭʽȷʵЩϲȫںУûκεĶȴϵı任ıޱȵޱȵĻЦ
Ȼˣͱͷ¶βˡұݣѵ±֪ĳôѵǳ̫ѿ̫Ա˼ˡҶʺǳţͿһֱܵڿһǻıݣҶеʢ
Ϊܲµ˾ΪϢǣĽʶеʣŸӦ񵱳ȻǳһҶѪҺԷӿڡ
ʱ˳֣ǰǴкһ¶ЩԴҶʸоڵѪҺǧƥѪбӿǿҶʶѹƲסоѪҺȼշˣͿҪˣǰûġ
Ҷж˾ڼ϶ԷϵϵϷ¶ĵϢҶʸȷԼжϡ
Ŷҳһ㶼ѿζڿɲܸǿȻԺûоϲˡ촿·Զľ͸ӦϢŹкûΪҶϵΪѾƽдСаں֮ɡ
ҿûкͱĴкȻˣҾͿ㵽ûд˵еôšҶʶ̨뵽˸ղŵһЩŭ𣬼Ҫй
ȻҪˣǾͺðɡԴ룬ȻӦˡ


254 ս
ҶʲѹԼǱӿѪҺɵڡ޴ĺ͸¡¡죬쳹ʣһħҲսŨĽ͸أҫսǶӽɫһƬ
⻹꣡ҶˮĲһƬɫ¶˳ڳХԳڳ䣬ڱܡֲ΢ҡҷǵԶһ𸴻ս񣬻һ˫ӣϬԶ
ҶΪߣƬõԽʵˡǳйɵתֲ㣬ڽɳеһжǵĲޱȵĺˡҶʾһƬס
һߵž˵ı仯ðŨϹ⣬ϵҫϵѪҺҲڿٵıӿ죬ǧǻһչһƬõ磬Ŷս˻ϵʿ뻮һǹϵײ졣ÿһÿһƥսжѪ⡣
Ͽոɽ񵶣гǹìӦоСϵ˽ȥɱһɣںһ

ʲô˵˻һƬõ磬⵹ûдһأôô˾г˾ֱ֣š
ҶҲüӦΪԼ˻ʵԭҶʶҲġҹصϣһ˻ǰˣʱ̫ľԶܶ϶ҲˣʧʷĳС
ӽеϣĴ˵Сһأڲǰ˻ʳһǱҲǰ˻ʵĽɫӦ˶ġ
ǰ˼صķ룬յıӦþмصǸءһŶ뻮һʿʲô
ҲܵԶĿĴſµﶼˣ˫ĿðѪӵŨ
սΪ׵ʿһ˻еʿһµĸ߾ٳǹ֣Ȼصǰ
еĹ۳һߣصĻɫŵѪɫĹâһվŭţɫͰҶ֮صһƬƶ
ϺɫĹâΧŤԹŭţ˲ʣɱ֮ΧɢѸٵĽһ˪
䡱ɫϺɫɱײһ𣬱һ죬ǶǾҵһ¡
ն˺ˣԹħɻڱޡһƬľ
ôôµɱôôµԹԹô£˾гæ˹ֵǱײɢԹ˴ĵһ⡣
ֳôĶвϹŶ̵ĳˣУԶԶĴⳡ޵мսЩδǿҲû⣬͵ʱ츳ĺǿҲȫɫЩԾ
ʿǱ˽ȥһصıԴӡԹĻɱЩʿɢġ˻ӦǶвʵķй
ѵһɹˣ֪ɱ¾ϲɱ¾һǿƶϳĵɱ¾Ҳڼʲô
ʵ̫ˡҪǳɹˣ绹˭˻ô
һȺϹŶ֪ıϾҪЩЩŵȫɫ԰ףյĴƽʧˡ
ʲô˻ʶֹ˰ɣѵҪôϹŶľսĺˣȫе˱
ʵ˰ɡҶüʵЩһ
ͣЦȻ˵͡ʿһ˳µģһУһ췣£߻ҷǿݺؼ䡣ɱֻǳܿܶѣܱ˻һɱ˻ŪʲôɣһαӶѡЦЦ״ʵҶһǿߵ˵ûзϣҲûгϡҶ֪ɱӡ˵ʵ
ǾսɣҶʲۣΪߵĹͬ߶û˵ԷıҪ˵Ĳһжǳܿܶѣһжƾʵ˵˵ٶ࣬˵ٺãҲȭͷӲʵڡ


255 һײ
˶޷˵Է˫ͬ׷˵ȫġ˵һ£Ȿû˭˭ÿѡ·ͬӰҲͬ׷ߵľ硣
еʿ£Ϊ츳ɳſֲʵټѭǰԵɱ¾ȻͿ̿
ĹаҲûУ෴ĻкܶࡣֻסֻȭͷӲѹЩĹͬаˣֻΪμѡȭͷӲȻͲķ
˵׾ǣܿܣʵһС֮ϵʵʱô˵ľǷ㶨ľǹ
ҶһţһѵʯǱһСʯɢһأҶһֻҵֱ˹ȥĽɫԪķӿŤţһɫĶҶȥ
ԭزȭҶ˹ȥȭͷǺתŴ·ĸ֡ϡϡϡļɳ˼ÿһҵһͷȥ
ɢ˽ɫϼɢҲЩŵ˻ȥͷϿա
ҶʽӲӵȭͷɢâȭͷײһ𣬡ϡǿҵĽײ˵Ķ΢ĲҶڿûн㣬˻ȥڵϵ˺üס塣ҲҵĲҶʴĵȥԶ
͡˽ֵĵطһ̯ѪƯڿУҵľţšѪһɫһɫԣĵڲѪҺ˸൱İ£˽ϼϼڿٵɢ
Ҷüû뵽ԷҲͬޱȣ⻹״һĶȭͷ˵ġҴӶԷѪҺҲԼѪҺǷġҶʾˣ⻹Ȼȫ塣еһжҪߵĵ·ҲǶģԼϡ
һԹìܾͽ͵ˡһ֣һҲض̤ϽȻͬĵ·һֳ࣬ʤֻһŹ֡
ҶͻȻȤˡĨȥȭϵѪ˿ڣڽɫԪİ޸ˡ
㻹ᰡѪҺ񡣡ҲһͬĶſڶҶ˵
˴˱˴ˡҲôġֻҪҵΧӦҾ;òҶҲԴϬؾһ䡣
Ҿɱ㣬ͲоˡЦҶʳ˹
Ķеʿ뻮һļнʿݾһһ˳ȥгɱ
ʿһ˼̨ףħħ˲ɵһС
Ҷɫ΢䣬ԶһնˣɲԶ־ԶһˣԵһֻ
ɱʿһȣгǹ߸߾ǹһڵħ棬һҶصĽ˹ȥ
еĹһгһѷƥħǹܵħ棬ųȥҪ񶴴
ȣԶ˫ȭ󿪴ϣһ޵еת˫ȭĪĵϣǾ޴ħǹȥ
Ǿ޴ȭͷڵħǹײһħǹ飬ԶҲ𣬲Ƕ뻮һҲǳ˶ݵͣ͡
ʱ䣬ҶҲǰɱ˹ȥȭȭ⣬һȭҽ޼ѰҶӲƴҶʴ󿪴ϣֱӣֱһЩֱתطԿ
˶ûйܶԷȭͷԷкȻԼӲԷĹ顱
ΧĹڶϵֽкãսʽʵ̫Ѫˣ̫үˡҲֻǿҶʲܹսɣҪǻһˣǱ˾Ǳ࣬ˡ
˻ԽԽ죬˻ϵӵˡ
ȻƽɫܿͿסˣɫЩ԰ף˵ڸҶʣûһͲԼϵȭͷ˫ŶԷк
طǿܴԼǣհԼ崸ǿıҲʤҪﵽǿΨһ


256 ǿǿԾ
ѾȵмҶʵȭͷˣҶȭȭˡԽԽ죬ȭͷײĳϵ˽ֵٶʵ̫죬˫ֶʧ˲ӰһƬҶԽԽ˳֣ԽԽľ
ԺԵĿҶʵȭңƴֲڣҲ˵ǲ·ԼھһרŸҶιеģҶԼĶƴУϵ͵ѧԼȭȻѧãԼĥ
ܷŭȴûκεİ취ҶʵܹŹֱ֣˲˼飬ҿҲǰ˻岻һоҶʵҪȵѹԼһͷԶԼ
ˡڷŭĴȥҶĥȭĻᣬǰԼѧ˽ĴڸҶʡ
иоҶʺԶԶûзӵޡȥֻᱻҶʸҶʵȭĥµòˣ¾ԼĿܵʱˡ
ԭͿĺܾãⲫһ©ҶһȭʵʵĴϣɳһŴɫѪ˿Ľ״ҲץסҶʹļ϶ҶʵĻΪᣬȫʵʵһɽײҶʵϡ
ҶʸоǱ̫ħɽײˣȫûһܵģֻһƺ߾͵˳ȥڵϳһĹ֡
ҲܣҶһȭգͷˣԴġ£һɽϵ˰٣ȻҶʱײ˳ȥǾ޴ķ֮Ҳ˳ȥ˫ڵϽ߰˲Űҵ˴ء
ϾͲˣȹĵطѣַۡϵĺ۲֪ʲôʣⲫôʱ䣬Ȼûһ飬Ҫһ̽˶Щʧ
ǼҶһͦûһվҡҡЩεԴһ˷ܵ˹ȥ
Ҷ־ȭ˹ЩͷʱûдҶٴⲫĴˡȻҶʶɵĹܹܡֲʤľûκεġҶʿ´ľ͵ʦע⡣
һУеıһѪɫɳץϡɱӳг̹ǣ˪
δ𡱡δһεʺҺӳϵ䣬˵ϣ˱ǵѪζɢζŻ
ҶһݣȻΪǳԭɫǺɫû뵽ȻδɵѪʲôĴڵѪҺô˾ȻûиɺԡѪҺл̺ӴľźɱݷС
ߣҶʣзһߣ΢΢Ĺ𣬾ٽͿ˵ʹ
һѪɫĵâһƬѪɫٲ䣬涼пУǿĽƳӹŵ棬ǱֲٻâȥƲҶʡ
Ҷ޿ɱܣСʿԵǿһȻһϷˣǣ޷ĿԼ汻Ⱥɱ
й⻪һһڵĳǹСҶ˫ֳǹץס˳ǹǹֶٶȹ죬ʵĳǹ΢΢
ڵǹâѪɫĵײһ𡣵â飬䣬ѵݺύʮۡ
Ҷǹâֻð˴ռЩƣǹâ顣ҶʵˣǹϡȻǴ󿪴ϵģѳǹ˹ʹãԾص϶µȥ
ŹֵһЦʲôҶеĳǹܿƵľҵĲַ˳ȥҶƴѹƣ˴롣
ҶʵķӳЦݸӵĹŹˡг¶ϵȥ㱼俴һƬʬɽѪ֡
Ҷʴ󺧣ԼĹѾĪȥ˴룬ﻹȫһĶֲ֡ǹ΢΢ɿǹץסǹ·İѳǹǰѹײõѪ
ʱ˭ûз֣ҶʣüĳһϸСââ̫ϸСͬɫԪ֮УսҲû˿Ĳ
ֻԭ΢΢̵ĹճŹЦݵͻȻſ˾嶼ںСҶʿĹŹЦһҲû˷ľ顣
ԭеˮ齻ڰĳȻ΢΢ĲھʲôЩʧأǽɱʱ˴룬Լ˹зɵΣա
ϡһ΢ľײϸţս˫ȫע֮²ˡҪ˵ýԶΧȺˡ


257 ƽɫ
ԶĹڶףһҪƴļơҶһõѪǴ˰ѶԷһΪ˼ҶͻȻУҲͬʱԪôһͷֿˡС˵ľôǵп
Ҳ˿ЩĶɣҶͻȻ֮ǰĲҶʡڱصõһҲӦҶϷβˣ񻹷ˡǻýͣʵĶܹ׽춯Ȼ΢ôûаҶʸˣ˾ʵǸ㲻ˡ
ʲôͬʱȣպ˾;Щ˶ʿ֪ЩطЩأЩĪȻʶԷʲô
ҺȫںУû˿õɫҶҲƤޱȣȻΡ
˶ЩʣҪ˵Թ۵ĸ㲻ףǶ㲻סҶֳֳǹ£ΪиأǧľСҲظſҶеĺɫǹҪֱӵתǹͷҶʸֲһ͸û뵽ҶʷӦͬĿ٣Ӳĸסˡ
ҶʵģҪһǹҳģͻȻصǹϣǹȻˮˣҶֻñСΪˡƮƮһҶʾЩˡ
ǿԼ˧û˵ļһﶯ˿Լ˰ɡҶʲ޶Ĳ룬ԼĵòС
ңͬʱĿڣ˵Ĭʮ㡣
һ㶣ȻͬʱŶԷȥˡеĳˣһгһأչλ춯ͬʱһ쵶ɳףβΪΪɼ
ҶҲϽ˳ǹȻ֪ʲôǺԵѾˡʱҶʾЩüˣЩˣޱȵĽԷһأΪҶʷԼûˡⳤǹ˵ǿġ
⻹ô򣬶ԷֻԼһߡⲫĻҶʻ£ǶԷûⲫ˼ˡһλεһͲǷƷѵҪȥô
ҶӲӣһ۾һһѸԪעһ˸ߵĹǾͳˣҶ˹ǵͷȱλãӵץС
ٵĳ˹еһɫĵâҶ˹
ҶҲѹǵʹãǴһɫĹΣݺݵײϡ
ϡһ죬Ҷ嶼΢һ¡׵ɫĹϣһǣڹһ׺ۡȻͱײĵ˿˶еĵ˳ȥ
˶ٵأϽһеûһ˿ȱڣŷտҶóһǣЦʲôǰֽһɡû뵽Ľ
ҶҲϽѹǷһתϸļ飬ϲûơһҲûпȥֻڹһۣҹɫĹת׺ڿٵʧҶд󶨣µǻǺܺõһ塣
ҶʹЦţŸ˿ǣ໹ֽųеĹȫǱҶʵһӳ͵İש趯ķ׶󿪴ϣкҲùʲô·ôŶܴҶҲѹ˵ӵ˼£йƴк
ЩҪѪҲһײĵôŶܸҶ̵Ľѵ
ʱĶ֣Ĺǣ͹ҶʡǾ޴ĹģҶҲ˹ǵĺ档бǸ͹Ҷʡ
ҶֻҪԼкͺˡǾ޴ĹǿԷסԼе·ôڹǵĹΧ֮ڣòϴġżһҶһǣ͸һߡ
ҲŭˣҪҶʴк˳ҶһѵԺϵʱʰû뵽ҶʣһֱڴԱһ
ֱһ˫յ߾ͷһһĺݺݵҶȥҲʲôˣʲôʱ򶼲ãȥĵ
ҶʳøӵˣȻҪ湥ķһµġҶʶöҲûλΪòţеĹǻӶһƵá
ϡϡϡϡһƬ


258 飡
˵εȵľ޴ͷڽÿһιóȫȻ̶ֳܹȵĳǽµ޷ܡ
˫˵£⻹ǲϵжܵĳ˵ĽȻǹɾֱӴ͸ȥ˿¶˰ɡĺǣ˵ÿһιǶ΢𶯡
ͱˣֱԪٵ޸ɫմȾɫѪǱѸˣһɫ
ҶʵҲĴѿ˼ΣɫĻѪɫĹڡϵĸȻ·Ҳٵתţɢ˵ĵȴɽصϢһͷҡͷβ긡ˣͳ
Ҷڶƴ˺ҧսڲ˸
ɱһһصҶеĹϣڱѣǵɫѪƮɢιķ֮˴صԾȥ
ԶɱһƿԶ񣬶뻮һĵתͷҶʳɱ˹δǲҵȵϳҶʵʶ
ҶҲһĵ棬˰εض෴ķȥ
ҶʶһԶԱбҶҲйԪǶȾ˽ɫ׼ӭС
Ҷ鿳һǣȫ˳ҶʻԶ޲Ĺ
ÿһɢſµǷ֮˺һСҶͷɫɶ̵˳վҶʵǰ
ڳɱԶڶսǧ޾ǿޱȡһս죬Զһ졣ҶʸǾš
һսʧɫ޹⣬֪˶֣Ҳ֪˶ٴΡ˵󶼳ܲס׵ˣɢˡ
˿ٵ˿дŴץʱڲġϢȶҶʵĽɫִµĳˡ
ͻȻЦЦеУʧˣ˻磬żֲϢɢš
Ҷɫѿ˼㣬ǻ˻ΣյĸоֻǸӦһ£ʶҪѿˡ
ҶҲһȣĽɫ翪ʼһ׸Ҷʵϡǳл棬̻һСеҶʸӵӢ䲻½һǣЩײࡣ
Ҫ˵ҶǾԵħ֮նǧɱԩڷ裬Ƕɢȿˣҿ
ĿǰǿĹҪСˣҪʧḧеĻ絶ޱȵᡣҲû뵽ᱻʹһУ¶棬̼һҶʣ˳Ľѵһ£ŬȻԺˣҶʵ̫ͲˡķչȫԤϣûиҶʽѵҶڴǿڸѵһ
㻹ǵԼɡҪǿһ˿Ǹĳ࣬ǾͲˡҶȻмɵͻȻ֣ˣš
รɡϣʵһһ䣬˿ǣûôˡҲգĿе
սһȣƽҶʳ
Ҷֻоһɷ˼µϢڿٵĿ˶Ҫ˺һüĶһѪۣЩɫѪ顣Ҷ㣬ҪݱܷâͽͣйŹֵûа취ѡ
Ͻ־ǣƽǰڵԪƴŹӿȥǶǶһƵĽᾧ壬εۣ޷ֱӡ
͡͡ϡһ𣬼ȺͬʱеĹǸûκεãֱ͸ˡһ̴˹ǵ棬ڶǹǴ̴˹ǵı棬ײҶϵĽɫϵ
ƽռĹǣھֽһûκεáҶʴĹԪùϵȻ·ҵתţص·Ƿ˳һ̵ƶܡ
ǻƬ̶ûסͱһԴϵڰ̵Ԫڿٵʧϵ·ĵ˹ǷۣƮɢš
ҶЩۣǻ޷ֹǵı仯ʾȻ·ʧȻǶڿٵĸ࣬һصķĩһʲôû¡


259 Ѫɽ
Ȼ˵һҶҶԵİĽɫ绯״ϡû˿ĵֵͱϵˣϵȴֵסˡҶ֪ҪԶԶǿڹǡ
ҶǸɵˣǹǿ˵ҲҶʺܳһʱˡҪûǹǣҶʲ֪˶ٴˡڿǹȷʵЩˣǾôıϵҶʻޱȵķŭ
Ҫϵ׵ֵסأԼǲҲеһ͸ˡҶ˫ĿмҪ棬ĿĶ
Ҳⷢ䣬û뵽û˵ҶʡҶϵϡ
Ʒ׶ߵ˵ڽбײڵ粻ϵ׵Ľӳż˴ϣֱӳһӣڵֱӱֽʧˡ
ܲˣһ㶼ûпǹ䵽ϵĺԵҶʣĿ
顱һ죬ٴεľҡһ¡ıĽǶȣҶʸ˵ϡ׽ӵĵطͻȻǿҵģȫһֳһǾɱıԴʽĶˡ
ճܲסֱѿˣһȭͷСڵĺڶڶתΧһУ׻ڿٵİڱٵİᡣʲô˽ȥֱɢˣûµΣûд˿Ĳ
ְɡȻͬھҲ㡣ҶЦţǱ۰ţֻ˫ۡ
Ҷ˵ʵĽ֡׵ľֻѺڶԽԽıԴԿ߶ﲻʲôæȱԴĿգ׶ԶʧвĵıԴ
ʱڶʧȥ׵ѹƣ˲ûˣڵΪǸûеֵסĿԵġ
ʵ̫ѲˣֱСǿһҾ¶׸ơͻȻЦˣȻ飬ǴĿҶ֪Цˡ
ҶʶʱоӿȵԪӵıˣҶʵľзٵתšͬʱҶþȫԱŲһľ롣
ĻҶĿǶٴεĳˣ˵˱һɱעеС
еʱ˼֣ͬʱѹ
͡Ƥ˺ѵѾظ׵ҶʵţɫѪҺ˰һ
Ҷһŭ̧زҶʵĺһնǾ𣬱ҶһŸűˡ
ꡱꡱҶеŷĹͷѵɫ۵һƲһҶһ߷˳ȥ߸ߵص˵ϣҵóһεĿӶ
Ҷ磡һֱһľսİ˿̲סˣˮڰ׵ĻƴҪҶʳȥҪǰ׸ţܳȥˡ
ҪҶɳƣһͷ˵ҰޡɫƵʱɢˡҶϵҲ˼ޣԶʧˡͬʱʧĻôάֵĺڶ
ԪڿٵתϵĵȴϣڻðŽɫѪҺ˿ȫĹŹŰֹ˿ڵϣҪЩʱƳ
ƺأǲҲҶʷֲԣƴŲһ㷶ΧԼһҪȻһֱӰ͸ˡҶڵʵ౻ƻˣֻ·һȻҵļһҶʳһ亹ղŲû
¶濪ʼսѧԺһֱҪȡ˴Сһֱħɽһֱڣкܶ˶ҪȡҪҶʶԱҪҶʵʵ綼֪˶ٴˡ
ѵΪԼ˻壬ڽвЩ߸ϵʿҪԼô
ҶתԴΧĹڣЩʲô񣬻ĮֻûһͬĿģԼҪͬ顣
ͻȻֵϵɱ˵Ũƽ׾ͳֵôⲻ֪˶ٵôµɱ񿴵ԼѹЩȴֻпԼùĸˡ
뵽˻һֱ˼ҶͻȻЩãѵԼԺҪΪˣƴȴԼսֻʣһôԼΪʲôƾʲô
ҲǸӦҶʵľҵԺг˶յشٴεĴ˲һƪɾѧҶʵԺ


260 һ
γֵĲһοھǾӡֱһ鼮ƯҶʵԺС
Ҷʵʶʸ鼮ϣһƽ͵ϢϯҶʵϢôĳ·һõڵӵҶʵ顣
ϢԣһִηľϢ˵ĳأ·𱳸
˻ʵʹôҶ·࣬еȥƶû֣֮ÿһ˶͸档ǻкܶ˲⣬ֻʹӡǴ˻ģؼﻹǴȱľӶࡣԼҪģҪػһĲ壬壬Ǵȱ
ҶſǾеطոһӴطͻһξӡҶʵʶںһ
һϵҶʵ𣺡һ죡
ӡֻôֻƬûݡȴ͸¶࣬˵ļᶨ˵šֻҪ棬ûʲô첻һ
βķķ䲻ǿھĿھԺеĴڷôĹŪһСҶʶסˣʲô⻹ôҶʼֱɶͷԡ
ٴεĳƽ͵ϢԺϵٴ𣺡һ죡
Ҷ˲ͲҪʲôھҲҪʲôķʲôֶ޷طıֱ׵ıϵƽ͵Ϣһеġ
ʱǹȥ˺ܾãת˲ĹҶ˫ۣ˫ϵ⣬ʵʡǿɲ˿ѾˣǸոյõطʱκõİɡ
ѾվţЩɫѪҺ͸˺ۣδδĵڵϡ
Χ˻ڶҶָָ㣬ûгְһ뷨Ҷ԰Щ֪ûаæҲû侮ʯ
˿Ѿˣſڰ׵Ϣĵᣬһ˫Ư۾׵ӡĿתĶҶһƬңЩҶһЩۡ
ҶһͦӵһԾƮƮأȵվ˵ϡ
ôܣ˵ոҶԾͿҪ˵ӣôʱȴûһվ
ԾҪֱĪеľâ²ոһ˵׼ıɱ׼һУǰı¶˳ЩĵơһܱǾҶʵıԴǿɲǺܺģǱҶʵڣһֱҶʣҶ޷˳ĽסҲǶԽ촦ҶѹƵĻر
ҶȷʵһҪƨģʱͻȻվġңѾӦԼҶڵˡҪҶؿڵ½һпڣ·ϻմȾŴŵѾɺԵĽɫѪҺɸոյһǲԼĻþ
ոǲǺˬҾһ㶼ˬ˲ϲԿϲռˡҪǳԿˣϲҲһСҶƽûյЦ顣ƽýǳ˵һԼ޹ϵ顣
Ҷ̤һСվš
ȻĴԣաͷɢŵŨܺڷ޷ԶƮɢԺҶ˿Ȼ⣬ûʲô͸¶
ʲôѵǡôھͻˣޱȵĳԾ˾֣ü
Ҷ׷ʲôҶϲûʲô¶ôͰųǸӡѵˣҡҡͷ˦ͷ뷨
˽ԼˣԼĶ֣仰˵һ㶼ûдҶǸոѧһƤëѾµˣҺûгɾ͸аûǡһҶЦˣԼ˽ԼֺԼ˽Լбεô
ͻȻҶʵƱˣ˵Ʊø߲ʣǶصĲħɽһްȴֲֿ˷۶Ⲩޱȵİû˭ӦŨرԴҶյۣԪ죬һõý͸ĳҶʵС
ʵ̫ģԼĺһЩͼȴС
㱼ؼһжʧˣǻصسĻʱڣֻҶʶС͸û綼ڲ
Ҷᶨͳһ죡
г͵ǰȥ
ɫٶȵı任ʧˣؼһжظԭҶʳֽǰ˹ȥ
һµĽϮȥӳ˸ƵսǶ˿һԨ


261 ͻ
޽ȴرԴɽԪɵı֪˶٣һһϣ֮ȡ
Ҷһ⣬࣬з֮п֮ܡ֮ձʿΪ룬¶˴ѷ죬Ľмѭ
ٶʵ̫죬۶޷ȵ⻮֮ղŻѿԭأ˵޷ܿһվԭأĵŽ
ôô˵ͬʱͷĳ֣޵е̬״γ˵С
ȻʹҶʴսһȻܵҶʵԼ¶Щ̣Բɵֵ̬شҶʡ
˶ΪҶʾʹĻһʱĴ˵Ȼһ˻һʧʱĳС
û뵽ҶȴͻȻˣתҶ˾ɱһжУԶԶĹۿɴҪ˵ǻλ˼Լôһô
Ҫ˵ǣԶսĸĵ̻ǼҲޱȵĳԾҶʸոһѾܹǶвˡ
ԭһ̫ƽʢĴ½˻ͻȻ֣ĿǰֳⳡͲóڵԾǰʼˣۿҪܱһΪҲ˴ĽҪǰⳡ־ô
ڷӳ˹˫ĿоâǣֱӳСַǰƽĵס˵һȺҲٴγ֣ǰ
ǰ˺պսڽâǰֽһ⻮ǰƣȻͻȻ˿˿˿ƵĺƮɢˣХںзǵõ˽ѡ
еĹâҵĲ֪ٴŬĽȻҶһ֮»˴룬ӡԼеԴЩˡʮֲֵۣ۵ʱ
ǽɢ֮ȥƲ˹ȥ
ϡϾǷƷ˻ĹĿܱܡһϴ˹ſѿģĿһâ
ȫÿһλھҵĲһѪֱ˳屻ײŵȥ
˫Ų˵棬гƬ·֣ǻû˿ô˫ڵĺۼУǰԵĽڲסĳ壬Ϻ۳˲ϸܵпڣǵѪǳľƣеѪǲҪǮһðš
Ҳ֪ȥҲ·һзԭǰ΢΢һ࣬෴ķȥ
ԭػпһǳǽɢˡ˽ŰĺۼһĹֳսڡ
ȣҵĿţӿȫѪ٣¶˹ѩ׼һ˿ڣнȥһ룬ܿ΢䶯
ҶҲû뵽ôµЧȷʵֵ⣬ͷҪһǴǾеЦˡ
ȻһûնȥҶҲΪ⡣ֻؼʱ̶ԼǸϣŸһҶʿһҶʿûΪ뷨˿µȻǾĺá
ҶٴξٽرԴٵг۶
ҶһҪٴεµʱͻȻϵĺë΢΢ƶеĳб˳ȥ
һӡͻ֪ôֵġӡһ֣йսʿ˴룬ȫıܷӳ͵ֿеѹ
顱һ죬âӡ˿ֲϯиոɵĽһ֮»ٵ˴룬ֱʧˡ
޴ķ֮Ҷʸ߸ߵƷˣǶߵķݣеĽɫ˻Ѫڿзɽ䡣ѪҺڲϵıѿſֲ
顱Ҷ˵ϣ۶ĳҲٴʧˣϳһӣҶֱӻ˹ȥ
ͻȻֵҲһۣͷһĶңסݣֻɫͷƮɢ⡣ҲȥҶʣֱӳλá
дһ˿ϢûΣ֮ųһ˿˿Լ֣һǳǳпڣֻ˵˱ƤûѪ飬п룬ӦǱղҶһġ
˿˿ٴתͷڴеҶʣɱ֣նһ硣


262 ꣡ս
еɱֱΣĶҶʣԪת͸ֲĲ
˶ٵĺˣȫҶԶԶģûҶʵȫҪ±˵ĹˣôֲĲֳûܹס
ǵģûκܿסΪ˵ĹѾԶԶĳŸȽˣŪĶЩơ
ǰҶûʲô󰭣ͻȻվ˿ֱĵĲˣҶ޵еͻȻֳ״Ҷʱ͵Ϯ
һ˿˳ȥƴҶʣѺ޶Ҷı˻ıţıƯĴ۾
ͻȻһѳһԵԾһƺݺݵǰĵطȥ
һ۵Ĵ޳ԭأһ֣սǶСƨС֣һʳָĴ˹ƵĴ
ռѷСʳָΪ㣬ΧɢٵİѹƸСȻպϣѷʧǹҲʧˣûκεĶ
˭˵ޱȵĲϣ¶ͷһûʲô
ҵϴȥŪôĶң˭˵˭СүҪ㣬СүϢСүء޴ݰףޱȵĿɰ˵Ļȴֱ˾
սǵꣿû뵽׼ҲҪɹˣʵˣڿ˵صߣûлشСƨ⡣׳һ𾪵Ĵ𰸡
ʲôôˣҽս񡣼Ȼµҵݣһ١ԳսСƨһǰ̬ĺǳߡ
û˵Ĵ̽Сƨ˼š
ôߵȻôçײԼǰͶûʲôǾ˻壬Ϊ˻츳Ǿ壬ǾΪɱ¾˻ʻп飬ǶûмǰңıĴɡ
˳ѹһ˻ʡҪĿģΪ֮ļƻ̵á
ǰһֱûг֣ڰûг֣ûС˻ʵսҪֵˣʲôԭֵĶУ⵽Ĵ
ҲҶôãļʲôĶˣȴû˳սбӻԼһԭ
Ϊȫ֮ߣҲΪӦܹѹ˻ʡû뵽ҶͻȻˣɱˡűƵòˣһ־ǺĹҪҶʡ
ڰȷʵȫ֮ߣȿͻȻ˻ʡĿĴﵽʱ򣬴ݵȥ
һʼͿǵ滹ڳУҲӦЩ׼սǵҲ˵ЩЩ˽⡣ô꣬һֱûмսʲôĵطǻΪսѾˣ߻ԶԶûмСɡ
ھȻǳһ꣬Щ鷳ˡ꿴У൱ԼСǱ˵սЩ鷳ˡ
˺߶ţ߲òȫעĶԸøļһӰ裬ȫٵĳ˹
׼ɰ׵ĸԴӣżͷ׵ߣٵĳ˹Ѱ׺Ͱ˿н˹󡣿˿ıҶʣ̾һû˵ʲô
ڶţһʱҲŰעҶʵϡ
ҶȫĹһײ֮˴룬ڵԪھҵıӿţڲ̺ſֲûбҶȫĵ˳žƻҶʵǿո飬ͱԪ޸
һֱظƻ޸Ḷ́൱һֱڴҶʵǡҶʱޱǿ͵ӵǿ󣬼һǧ
ľǣǾ޴ȻŰϸ۲ĻԷûҶŰһȦͻ֣ЩҶʵĽգ壬Ƿɢÿһ䡣
˶òһʵ̫ľˡ׵ʿǿ߶ƴһȻûˣʵĺôƺ֮ʵ϶о
ҪǼûʲôޣΪ׺Ͱ˿ҶʵĹϵҲȥ˶ʱֱӳְҶ˵ˣ˳ɳûܹѹƵסġ


263 ţ
İɣСӲġȻ߶ƴһǣҶе˼顣Ůһǣ˿ĸײòڰο
ǣҶϢôô΢˿е
׶ŲôʲôʱƭˡҲȤ˵Ҷʲ⣬ҲһôŵӣҪҶĳˣ˿֪ѹʲôˡ
ô죿̲סʵʲô鶼岻֣һжǵޡ
䡣˵ĸ׵Ŀ˵Ҫ˵ǰǲ岻֣ҲһġΪԽߣԽܹᵽǸ˵Ŀֲǲ֮ˣɽڻ¡
Ҫ˵ֵܲģеλڡ뵽һô飬ôûжҪ֪ҶһһڳǽߵһײҲ˴롣ûеǰսˡ
˵ⲻٲľ룬Ӧͱ˲ŶԡǹûгŸҲӦóֵǣһûг֡սЩĸǹĸڣôӱ˴ƻ
ѵ˵ǣв˶뵽һ㣬ȫ𾪵Ŀĳ
Ѿ¡ҪҪҪôһĹСӣҪô͸ҴƻΧһСұֻ֤ҪԹһĶһսҪǲôҾͰһһĶɱͷ󲿷˶ڿͻȻЦ˳ƻˡ
ƭˡ޵еģôܾͱɱˡȺдȣߵĻ
Ŷ㣬Ϊƻվôãûмʲô޵еĹʰأ߼ڹƻš
ΪΪ˻شˣҲʼˡҪǹڣô᲻ǡ
룡ʲôһȣָɽҵ˷ˣȥ
ʵ˵ûȥɱȥˣɱˣҲסǣΪľǲùֳ顣
ͬ飬ҲıĽһ˸ǣôֻȥסеĹ棬ûϾʱȥչһ˵Ļ̫ðգҪˣļƻôʩչ
һˣһסŸ裬ùŸϾȥ˼档Ӧչ
ʱһӳ𶥼ǿߣ˾ĵĳﻮ˵Ǽƻ޷죬ǾɱֶΡ
ȴͻȻǵļƻȫˡˣԼսţʵǲǡҪߣͬ黹ûгЩ
һӣͶһЩıҪǹ֣սӦ˵һ˼Ҫ
˶˲Ծĵطų˼һһƲߡȥ꣬ȥƻǳأֻҪ߾ͷһ֡
֮ǰԲǷòʲôҪƿڡ
ҵǰ㻹ô⶯֣ʵ̫ҷ˰ɡһӣܼȺǸ͵˰ȫĵط
սǰô̲סʵȻһްĴǰЩЦʵΪ꿴ᣬʵʶ֪ˡһǰҲûʲô˻ȡЦ
˵һˣҪ˵ƨģǲҲҪƨƨߵȥŰȷʵǱסˣǲûʲôΣաһ˺ԼǰСƨ۾Ҫˡĺǳţһ㶼û档ȻǱǳˣǴҶޱȵĿġֻҪûѾͺãȻסˣţܿͻǵġ
Ҵӵڣûж֡ǴľʣҲЩұȻȻҪôҲǲʵġСƨĦȭƵģޱȵ˷ܣһԾԾԵӡһսӡ
ʵҲܹڲ֪˵ҹ£Сƨ綼ˡǹһͰѻ¶ӡսУ¸ոյǵˣʱŬ͹һˡ
ȥˣҲӵ¶֪˲ʶԽԽǿһС
Ȼʶܹ۲һеġۼεս˷ܣ綼ҪԼҲȥ˴һˡ


264 ̫ˣ
üͷ壬û뵽սǵ˵ĸߴ󣬸Ͳܹ׵
꿴ӻǴ㶯֣˸߲ҵӣ߿ɸ˲ҪǱס˾鷳ˣ˵߲ˡ
˵һǿӲȥġߵʵ࣬ԷսݵЭŸҪȫ˵ĿԼΪ㡣ֻһ취ǾǿͬȻǿս塣
Ҳǹˣ˾֮ϵĸжֱֱ˹ȥгһ쵶˸ҫ۵Ĺ⻪ϯʮԪעâ¶˵е쵶ѹš
úáСƨһֽУ˫ֻгϷš
СƨĻʵ̫˷ˣǰǿ˴ܡԼ̫ˣ̫̼ˡ
ûеȵСƨȳ̧֡־ʹĵƣӭͳ˲ϢͱʮɳȻ˻ţţײȥ
ǹһĨЦҵסˣûܹͻȻ٣˺գСƨ
ڿײѳʯ飬̺ſֲľ˷޲䡣
ѽ̫ˣûпƺãƫˡСƨһֽУִһָ
սǵ꣬Ǿ壬Ѹٵĳһǽÿһ˶ʵʵİУܵСƨˡ
ۡһƬʯһǽϣѿ̳
žСƨִһָ΢΢Ĳǽֿٵ˻ȥ
ȿȡһƬǽ£˶ǻҳһһġǰҶ˽ʮСƨ˵ûмκεΣҶһͷߡҲ̫˰ɣ׵ôûбɱ㱻Լ˸ˡ
ǵһζ֡СƨЩεûгͷԴһĨΡ
ɡϷͲˡҲЦе쵶ĵâҵĲţʾ߲ƽġ
߱ܿԾСƨٵСƨǽˣһϵе鶼ڼʱڡ
߲һǹһʼûСƨ˼Сƨ˻ˡ
ԾСƨ߾ֱųȥе쵶âǣ˲Ϣɳ̡âʵʵʣһ㶼ûõĸо
춼ǱˡâһɫһصĿ˳ϡ
࣡Ͽ켶ǿ߹ķֽһһơâȥƲ·䡣
ˣҡСƨӳ˹һУߴ͸ֱԺȥ
˼̣ݺݵĴ̽ߵʶ׻ҵĻζһ£е˼֡
ͬʱСƨһУΧǽѸٵİθߣ£һɫİԲǰѳС
䡱쵶ǿɫĵϣ˾ҵĺսǶҡΡɫĵϲƣ˴ʯ·䡣
գСƨһѶͷϳֵϸܺ飬ĻڲŵСظ
վȻͷˣˣҪһȥ˻ãҪûĻ˵ҪԼӡ˰ɡСƨµ뵽
ݡݡӰ𣬻ʯһ߻ϣһ嵽СƨԱߡ
һȥվСƨԱߵǹ棬һѶ˱ҸµĹŸ衣
ŸٺһЦڵϹȦ֮ѸٵҲǰѸٵܵ˰׼˵ߣ˰˿еҶʣ档
ôµģҪңҪҰԺˡЩŭ飬ͷңɫںġ˵Ų̧־Сƨصһ¡
֮ǰ쳣Ҷһ˵ϣ֮ǰĽ˲֣ټҶʺһӶײƻһЩ˳ߵĶԾУս˳
úõıĳǰһ޲ʯͷ꣬ͷֳһ˼۲ĹǸܵ
ȻǷǸͷųһҪԼĿ죬ҪԼһֱʱ̶ڹ۲죬˵ովͱһΪˡ
̫ˣûпƺá˵ˣҲǲôҪǽһ£Ϊôö㰡СƨڨЦţΪԼҽڿѡ


265 ׳ʿϱۣ
ǾһĻ߰ɣŹСƨ²ǺСƨִڧʱ
ߣѹô¡Ƕ˹ôͻȻôµǿߣһξͳ
һƶ¹ʱڳֵ˶ûеҪĻܽˡ϶ԶԶģ˭һȺǿ߾ۻʱ
ôһӳǿӲĻشҲûбȹõͬ·鲻¶˸ݵֱۣο¡ͷңҵͷһͬϵһĵ̣üһֱұǡ˰һֻ򼣬˵΢Ķпֲ
սǸʲôһ˻ʵĶ֣Ҫгɡüǵ￴ǿߡ
ߣЦ˻ʣڳ˻ôǻûôģ㲻óɳٰ֮ɱô˵ĳ뼥ЦʼֻǵĿҶһۣȻͲٹע
ǲӦò˰ɣһ飬սоʲôıҪָоҪӶԷĿеõ𰸡
ôҪܡ߼ֱéʯͷֳӲʼһƽֲм
ҽ컹ҪһܡҪ֪սǲǺǵģˣȻԺ󲻹ʲôţսңǻˡ汻ĲУʲôʱ򱻱ӹ
֣˳ȥ΢Ļζ˳һƬ嫵Ĵڵ
ڹ溰ֵһ˲䣬Сƨбһƾâɫļɫ¸֡Ķһţսǲһ΢Ļζһ׳ʯ۴ӵ³ʯŸƣеץȥ
еҲʡ͵ĵơͷҵߣе쵶󿪴ϣâǣʯϡһʯбѿ·䣬ҲҺ֮ǰͻСƨڶֵͬʱʯǽˡ
Ȼֱ۶һһͿˡʯ޾һ㣬ӶĴӵϳץȫߵĵطк
ȻݵþǸɲһһ屬Ũڹ⡣嶼ڹסǱɡݵбǿⲫ󿪴ϡ
ܿɽֺƷڵϣ졣ڴˣڴ
Զ֣˭Ҳ޷κε˭תۼͽٻغϡ
СƨսˣԷƴսನ˸߿գȻĸǿĸսдսսǾǼ̣Ҳ֪ٻ˶ٴˡ
ԽԽԽĲҪѸٵĽһ˲źͻΧȻпܻ
ǳҪúõĽѵôʲôߴڳڹˣһڶһ㣬ʲôԪȥ˶ֱӱֽɡ
Сӡ㲻ǳҪҺúõһô·һֱɧʲô£бµĹġҵ߸ӵĻСƨһֱ·ʯۣԼһֱæӦԷëûȻԷҲûмëȻҲֻһ˫֣Ҫչ˸ϵ·˶ദǱʯӳ˼Ѫۡ
ŶȻҪˣôҾԸСƨͬʱڵһˣһʯˣֱŶֳ˹ȥ
˳˶ֵʱսͻȻǻ˹һܿʼżڵĵطٶȷɿ졣
ˣͷһ˹ȥСƨ͹Ÿ⣬ǰҪǽһ𣬾ǲ뿪
顱顱顱
ҵײϵܾǳǽײһ𣬻һ޴˸Χм䡣
ڿԸսǵҪʲô˰ɡСƨеƯڿУվǰ
Ǳɡ۹ⷢޱȵķŭ
Ǳɡ͵ϮҵĺòáҶû˵ǱɣǷһҡ˵ȻҪȵ
ΡͻȻЦˣЦݲ̡
۱˿ȻʣұץѵĲǺʯС
ѵֱ۱ױȵڹ⣬ڿٵһɿֲ˼ϢԿµٶ׳


266 ܾˣ
ˣ澪ֵĴУСƨͷܣƬ̵ͣ
СƨҲǱŵòҰײҰ׵ģڻһƬң촽ڲϵĶ¡
˿ٵ䵽˵ϣȻСƨ˵Ŀɿڴע¡ǳûиַ緶ľڻ³սǵĵ֮С
ȫҷһȡȻȫԪӿ˳Լ͹Ÿ趼棬Ҳûа취˵ˣֻรˡ
ƹҪͻĳĻڳдҡһҪǸץסץץסˣȴûеȥը˲Ź֡
ҪսսǷࡣ֪СôƷֱ˵£Ųˡ濴žͿţûʲô취
ҪǻƽʱȻϰֵİ취Сƨڲƽʱûʱ˵İ
Ѿˣ󡣲ôҪȰСƨŴһ١Ҫӵ飬ǰȻ˳ֵߵĺԼ㱻ҲҪһϡ
֪ǲǱסˣǳ͸˹뷨º󱻱ȻҲпڿ˷Ŀ־壬滹һȺҹĵ軹ˮС
Ӳʯӵγһһʯѵϵ˶İ˽ȥȻŻ³Ҳսǵĵص¡
ҷһǳסˡΪ˵Ҷ˵ڴҶ񾭽ţһз紵ݶͻòģοôĶ
⻹꣬Ѿһ˵սǻڼĴŵػڲѸƿ³֮ϵĳǳضٵ˵֮¡
տĵϹ¼ŵһɫƲƵΣǿƻβһȦһȦġصڲϵӿֳɫĹ⻪ҪӹΡ
ڲһضѵĸݵֱѾֻдĴָϸˣֲ̿ڲȶĲš
ȫɫ԰ףͷð亹ҵĺǱŵãһֱ۾Լǰٵ֣˲룬Ҫըѿˣ²ҲҪ˰ɡ
ȫʹģԶһۣΪ󽵣ޱȵͷ亹Ҳ岻ʲðġ
ôͣҵĺ˽ĴšǰйţҲûиõİ취ֻɵ߷ʩΪ
ڵȥˣΣûмֺܻʱûа취ˡû˭᲻ϧģΪԽߵǿԽԽҪ
û衣ҪûѸٵĽǱΣգǻôôҲôѵиõİ취ޱȵвʱϨƨһ
ˡԼըѵ˵ĺð취ҵĺ˸ӵĽˣ⽻̸һĹѾĴָϸֱСĲ֣ӵľңӵĲˡ
ֱ۶ˡ㿴Ҹղпʲô׳գ˴еĻʲô֪ô䵽һ¡ܲһ˴УҲںš
ʲô޷ơôȥŶˣھôҺˣôԼȥԲԭΪɱִУǻиȫʬҵĺܲ˱ˣڴֹֻˣȫԭɢ˳ΧγһԪǡȻԵߺǲǻǰѵһ˽
顱ĴָϸֱСС޷άڲԪƽˣһը˿
սе֮ɫǿǼӳ֣׵İѹǿȥֻҪ˽ȥûܹѡᱻİǿߵıԴǡ
ȡǿ߱Դ֮󣬶ǿȻĿƣӵѲˡôķ绪Ƕôĸ߸ϣֻҪûгĳֻܷҪУôֻеȴţֻ׸ˡ
ڣ߽ĳ£˵ĿǰʿĹܴﵽļˡȻͳεĳܷΧû𵽹ʲôõΣΪսǵɱﵵΣոһսڱըľУƬɢɽˡ
ԪҲһ˲ûҵĲӣûа취ˡ


267 ðߣ
ըһ޴ޱȵڹһУɢĵطеһжֱʧˣʲôû¡
˲İȥɵγһ⻪ޱȵģֱɵİ¶һ޴ӡ
ϸ۲Ļӵвι״ĽǱսǡٶȹ죬ǱĹûбȫ𡣲սеĽҲ˴롣߸ߵľ¥̵˷¶ķǽڡǽ߸ʵҲ̵˴룬ֻʣпյһʯԲ塣
Ȼ֪ر֮ϵǴڳǳ֮µ黹Ƕеޱȵѹ֣ܹĸӦо޴ѹͷϷԶ󲿷ֶɫ԰ףѹȵùȥδ֪Ŀ־Ϊµģ˶ң֪ô죬֪ǲǿҪˡ
ٲܹܳǳص谭ʶܹɢȥģĿͷϷǿ˵һǿҲͷð
Ҫ˵ǲܵģ涼еһĺ£Сƨǳ֮ûοǡҪǹ˼кߣҪ𳤱еϣ˵綼һƨɾڵˡ
ǿţ˫ŻֹסڲȫͷƤ顣ǹ˵˵ͷϷҪǶԷĹΧٴһЩ˵սǱôһ˿Сƨܻɣһǳص鶼˲Ҳǰ˰ɡ
ʱԭѾֹͣɢľ޴ֲΡΡ·һ磬ȻҲûа취ɢֺˡȻһ磬ΪսǵĽʧһ硣ѹ͸ӵĴˣʵļſ˵ϣˡ
ɫĹֹͣ춯һȺܿǿ߶һͬʱֲ̧һѶͷϵ亹
ʱںģСһͷҵĺһĶߴ󺰴ţ죡죡죡ҪˣǶ¶ˣɢ
ͷҵĺޱȵ˷ܣصµս©˳ָųеĵذ壬Ҳеġǡš
Χգûһ˿ĺɫԪǺĵС
ҲǵϱеԪͬԴŸԶһĺСҲǲܴҵĺô󺰴ж޶ԣһгӵĸԭ򡣾ΪͬԴֲԱеԪô˵Լ
֮ǰ۴ҵô˵ûлش𣬹ĵģǵߵıҪ⶷ҺôףôᱻƵزǲԲС
Ȼľ磬ֻҪķѱԴǿʵֶϱġҲֻͨ˲вſԣԶϱԴԷϵÿֲıǸûĿܵġҲ˵ߣҪһĵ֮⣬ҪԶʾˡ
߱Զһ˱ԴԼȻº֣Ǵҵĺûа취ܡò߶ʣ޼ԭһ֣ǱڹӴֺɢˡ
ǰ򶼲ųĶҺˣȷϲΣ֮󣬾һֱ󺰴СԾǿµıƻǾһǵսھˣӵ˷ˡ
˵Ǿߣֹߣⶼ֪жٸˡҵĺ֮ǰҲһӵŭűԵĿСһ㶼ûй˼һüͷҪ嵽һ˵ĵߡ
Ŭһ㰡ȥôˣ˶ѾڳˡټӰѾټɢҵĺģĵѵ
ðûޱȵôʵܲˣһͷĺߣŶҺ˺𵽡ɵĽǣԼӵͶ˵һӡ
ϧˡܰǱƵӣʵǷǳгɾ͸СڿһᣬúõİһӡԺУͷҲҲһźܲľͰëǮϵûеĽԼϵˣʶӡΧһС
ðߣûֻ켶ô߲³һѪôôƷĶѡ
߸оԼֱǵ˰˱ӵѪùˣôͻôƷĶءʲôæﲻϣһԺȵʡ˵ͷԿܶе⣬㲻״ֲػ
ǰԶϱԴ˵̫أΪһס׵ʵ䵽켶۷壬ԶԶһ켶ǿԭĵȽȴԶԶ㡣
Ҫٵһףֻ׵Ϊˡʱ˻ƴһսûа취˵塣׵˻ʻʤ׵ʤǿˡ


268 ٷϴˣ
ʲôֻˣҺ˰˶ȣּơ
ǰŵ߻ޱȵǿƣһܹﵽġȻĹһҲò˼ΣΪֻ֫ĴΡֻȥ͵ŪĿֲˣûȥ۲쵶һֱûпǱһӲŵġ
ֻˡ˵Ժôѵôѵ㣬˵ʲôʲôԺжҵˡ֪ԴһСʱ¿߹ҺᶼЦˡ
ڴҶһϵƣȻǿУǵ˸ûˣΣղûʧΪߵΪͻȻ½ˣ˵Σոˡ⶷Һ˾Ȼ뵽ô뵽ԺĹţǣƷ
Դż˰ѾҪʧˣҪڲܣʱһꡣŭˣûбɱ㱻Һ˸
ŶԡܡҺһ㶣˺ڿʼһһ߿ٵİ»ոձŹͬǿߣҪһҺʲǶ֣ɫ԰׵תܡ
ʱɫѾһˣýЩ͸ˣֻŵĺˡò˵ܶҺ˲ףͷԾ͸ӵĲˣǷǳ׵ģı¿һһα˼ٶȿ쵽˼£һͬķȥ
õοǣûбҡ֪ʱޱȵԼ
ҴأҪԺһȵˡǴ򲻹ˣʲôҪҵģԺҵҪ¡ƺǿ˵ߵ뷨Һ˵˵ڽ͸Ҳһʵ֤ûôĵȥ
ͣµ³һѪޱȣټϱҺ˸ŭģһڣ˹ȥĹڶҺ˵ı䴦
ںʼʱ򣬹Ѿ˳Ѿܹס򹥻ನˡҲ˵ʲô⣬ޱȵӣǰһҲĲСʱûʲôսˡֻʣһҺˣòΪ壬׵İ
˼һ̵ľͳ˼ͬķˣһ£֪׷ǸӰˡ
쵰µɽ׷ſսǵӣʣһƤõˣʲôûˡ
͹ŸֱˣʲôˡŶãǱҶٵ˴룬ո޺ûãڸ칦˼ݵĽɫƻù׵ģʲôûˡʲôҪ½ˡ
ȷΣѾԶȥˣֻʣһʯ͸ַϵؿʼ䶯ǰ˵µ鶼˳
ÿһڵһۼڵսǵʱ򣬶ͬһӳ۾ôģҲŵôġҪȷߵһȻ飬ЩϤҶΪǸԼ˿˸Ц͵ĵطˡ
ȻкܶУҪȷϣڿ˹˵ɫÿ֮˶ǵѡ˱죬ûʱǵùͷ
βǹŸ迴Ҷʲ˳ˣҲͻȻÿҶޱȵİۡô˵εĴʵǳҶģôиߵԭ򡣵Ǹߵѡŵĵطʵ̫ˣΪƫƫѡսǣΪҶʵĴˡ
ȻҶĪĹϵ»ȷʵǹֲͷȥҲûа취ȥΪҲ¼ܺߣû˲۵㡣ܲ˵ҶʻˣȥǰҶʻɱսǰɡ
˻߾ҪгԴסеģڴĻܽϴŵģǴдűõġԵҲð죬ںûɢϣ󲿷ֵ˶ǰѼʳʲôķ˸λڵĴеģֻҪӷҳһܹԵġ
סľͲð˰оûһˣҲġҾһѣֶԵޱȵƣס͸Ե͹ˣҪ
ĸطؽǸˣԭؽȻʵˣȥôˣлνǳвˡҪǽ¼꣬ӿ϶ҪģʱսǶˮˡ
ΧҪзֵزУÿѳ㹻ʳҪаյճ衣ǰҲûˣھʹھ޿ӵıԵشԺˮﳤˮҲǲеġ


269 ֺؽ
˺ܾãžھ޿ԱؽһӣôҶסһǵĲҾ磬ʿŬ⸽еľ汲˶꣬Χ򻷾ʲôĶޱȵϤˣҲôҸӦԺ϶ᱻˮΪһȻˮԴˣΧٳʵҲ㡣
յָս̾ж֪ʱĹƢãǰҲ˰ɣСƨԼЩ죬Ҫ˵ôˡ
ûκεּۻۣҲûκεˮСƨԦսǣεض𣬷ɳӡչҪӼɵĵط˸ƽ̹ĵطȥ
ҲǼ֣ҲΪ˽߶С͵ȡģȼ׵ĴʱʱСƨƲô鷳İһже
ǰе鶼׳սǵķ֮⣬ȻǶ˶汻忪˵ϵʳȫڿն𣬱׳˳⡣Ȼѿַ϶ѿķ϶У˵¡
⻹꣬ʯСƨӵصȡӵȻʼ任ŴС任״һʯɵķݳ˵ϣرڿտͬɫĳǽӵðҴԭеѾưܲĳǽ
Сƨ綼ǣֻǱӡ˵£ĳµСƨ²ĹۿиĴ򶷣޴ø־Ҳܿ档ЩСƨϲǼǵرĽʲôʲôҵӻһλãǱߵŲһλСƨļǵá
ڴʱСƨĵֺ£кܿ͸ԭˣһģһһģһеļҾҲһģһΨһвľǳеһжʯģʯķӣʯӣһжʯġ
ڵսЩͬÿһʯСƨ̻ƣеһжƼӳţҪǰ˲֪ٱˡ
ȻСƨôҲû˽ġսǾһ֡ǰս̫ˣһжǿˣеĲ϶ȡԵȫϵеһжžܵϵȥֻԽԽǿ
ʱ䣬һоͶ깤ˣеһжԭǰδеļ̡ľһսˣ˵ǹСƨţֻҪٸһʱƼӹ̣ڼоĻʽļԺǾܹǵԶֱһһһһ֮ʲôûˣǿãӹһ١
ڳеİ˵ֻȫıֻ֤ҪгԵдסģʲô⡣ؽִ֮»ϲصס¾ˡ
ΣûҪڶˡڵĳǳؿޱȵοǸӵķġһ棬ڻһʲôСƨȻ˶֪ܿǺ͹һ·ģǿ
סڼ̵Уǿĸֽıʲôܹ˷ĵء
ȻҲвٵٴγֽ飬ûȥĵطסǻطʲôҪµӦҲûʲôطȥҲĵطͱӵİȫ
סĽˣԵҲʱÿǡҪˡԹ˵Ҳ顣ԭҪСƨƲӣһ㶼ļһġ
ǿСƨͰСһϵе޸ĸӵĲҰףҲĲˣҲˡ
Զ֣߻Ʒõϡ治֪ǴСˣǸ˵øõ˵ϡ⣬Ӳ˳ڲͣķӿѹ˵һĹЧܿĴƬͱٳˡ
׵ǿ߰ѹϣҲͷһˡоӵֵӵĿˡ֮ǰֵиһɨգֶδϣӵиɾˡ
ɱսǾһ٣Ԫ޷ġǳȻ޸ˣȻҲǴµĸԭˡǶĻʲôλӰˡҶصͬһ㣬ʲôҪµȥŬˡ
Щֻʱ⣬ֻҪҶϣиɾźܹܿ
Ҵ˴νȫǵһᵽζҸӵϧ˴ˣҶʵĳҲǻˡô˵ҶҲǰǶԿˡ


270 Ҷ
ͽ׵ʿεп˵ǸġʾҶʼڱݣҶ岻֡ˣҶʴսȳһЩǱܣôС׵ǿߴ֣˸еľͲֻˣľ
ĸܵˣھԵǿǰͲʲôơô˵˸Ͳ㣬Ҳһ⡣ҪǱëˣͿֱҪ
˴ε֮սееĵ۵ҹˣʿǶһӵӽƴƽռӽܾĻظǰ״̬ǰøӵĺá
µսѾ˴µʱˣڼΪ֮ǰĴԪľҶһܵưôꡣˮֱһٲˮµϿһǵİеĻܣˮסˣвûбû෴ʮֵĸˬеľѵĿһ澰
ԭǵλѾˮˣһ޴ĺҲ˸ͨ͸ʪ쳣ǿʼڸտѳ滹صسһΣµĸйŨԪֲڡ
ڴʳʱ򣬸ȥʳӦҲջڼˣҲʳΣ
ҶʸպڴҰµսǺһģһһܵưôͣЪ磬һĲʺʶһһսǣֱڰ˿ϵҶϡ
ŨԪŹţǣľ̫֮ȫҶʵڡѱѾҶԼĵò˵Ǳе˳̫𾫻¯г׵һ壬Ƕڽ޸
ͷžĴ죬ۿɼҶʵֳЩͷ춯ֹͣͬʱҶʵɢŨĴĽ⣬
Ҷʻ˫ۣ˫˴ʵԽ⣬ɢһգۼʧӰˣ֮ǰһжǻþ
ߣ̫Ҳȵ˴أһеʧˣеһжָ
ӦҶСͻˡе鶼̧ͷһǰǰƬնҫһƬƵĹâǴ﷢ģ̇ͷۿƬȷе뷨Ҷðôһ
ʧжԼĹʲôûˣҪĺһЩЩ̷Ĵ⣬˶ҪԼҶȻͻˣûдôĲôҲһѹˣҶҲЩͬˣǿҶһսʱ򣬶СٻҲȥ
Ҷ磬˰ҶʸոۣԺлдԺʱ򣬶Ծʹһද˾ϲ
ҶĻعĻһУԼˣȻͻˡˣˣҶʽŵĶģļԼ״һжãӵǿˣǶеġ
Ҷ硭Ҷ硭˿Ҷ˫ֱۣ㶵Ķŷ˫񡣰˿ЩˣѵҶȻѹˣǱɵˡϽһֻ۵СҶʵǰصĻζ
˿ʲô顣ҶʵӿʼתЩΪʲôԼڴϣ˿ҲڷУѵҶʸϽһǱӣȻڴϣԼ룬Ҷһ
Ҷ磬к˰ΪʲôشңУƿһŵӣ˿һֱҶʣҶʵĶ˸һСЩΣЩ߹֣ҶЩʲô
ˣˡΪʲôˣҶεͷش˵һ⡣Զĺ˵ڶ⣬ΪҶʻ治֪ôشǲʶĶѵ˵ңȼһ¡
㶼˯˴ˡҪǿԽԽãϢԽԽǿҶΪѲˡ˿˵˵ȦֺˣҶûлشΪʲôƱҲ⡣
Ҷ˿˵ֻǵһû̱ӡϢƽˣҲ޸òǾǲҶѹҪǸı֤˵Ҷû⣬˿Ҫˡ
ЩҲǰ˿չҶʣΪҶʲְʲôģһûниеѾ߹æҵҶʼеĽ⣬ܳȻĻҪҶʲӣܾ͵ýиеæˡ


271 һӶ
ļСʱ󲿷ʱ䶼ǰ˿һߴߴĸҶʽţҶżʡ
֪ԼԵʱھȻô顣ҶҲ֣Ϊʲô켶ĸڳеңȻûеһʱĳ֡Ҫ֪ǰɻ˷ٳǵʱ򣬵һʱͱˣӲ֪Ա˶೤ʱƹض
һĵ綼Ǳ˳ѳ뿪Գһ磬ǣס˹棬ҶȻ
ֲô󵨵̨ʽĵǳҶ̲ס룬ҪǻԼôߵڣ»ӵŰɣֱӰսǲˡ
Ҷ˰˿ĿǽսСƨޱȵĸȤʱһô治ǱסôҪͻȻôСƨϴλԾҪõĳ˯ˡ
ҶʵĶͻȻ˻ϲİ˿ð˿һ㶣ҶЩ˼Դ
ԲסԲסӶˣƲסҶЩڨڨóСѾͷºܺãɫĸԼ֮ľǰ˿òҵҶʱȽϸȤĻ⣬ǡҶʲ֪ģСҶǰֵĸо
ͣûµҶ磬ȥԸ¸׼ˣҪǻ֪飬һٸ㽲˿ѸٵĻعЦ绨š
ţǾ鷳ˣʵ̫ˣյˡҶӣ˵
úúãҽǸһЩԷǻȥɣ㶼˯ôˣҲóȥ͸͸ˡ˿ΪҶʣΪչҶʣҲڷд˽ӽˡϾŮб𣬳ϴȥķ⣬˿Ǵ粽ġ
šҶҲҪȥ͸͸ǳͬľ͵ͷӦˡ
ƿӣҶŲ˴ߡ˿ȡһ˫ЬӣҶҪԼ˿ӦһѰҶʰ˴أȥҶʴЬӡ
ҶʶŰ˿毺õıӰ͡С󣬻ûĸ˶ôĺù׺ȥˣҶʶҪǲ׵ģˡȻиҶսǸĸϾǲһġҶսԼ飬ҶʵߡҶʺСѧԼϴСʱѧԼһˡʱͬΪԼǸġͬҰ֣Ƿܾ
ۣԼھˡǰЩ˶Լ˽£ƲԼûˡǻηͱķ˵Ҷʻĺֹۣһһֱǡϲңϲ£Ҳϣ˵ע⡣ûͬ飬ûѾԼӡ
ˣҶʴûѪԵϵûݹ˵ϸоůӱϧʲôԸ˷֮Ů֮ǲһġ
Ҷ״Եϸܵů˼ӵϸ壬һϸ˸оůҲ泩ˡ
Ҷ磬ôҸʲô˿ҲϵЬ̧ͷͿҶһĶԼᡣǴůЦݣʲô˿ҶʶһᣬİޱȵŤʵ
ûʲôǿ˿ƯôᡣҶʱ˿ˣعҲ˼ٶŰ˿ˣ˷ЩΡ
Ժ˿һӶ㣬ֱΪֹ˿С˵ϸ
ţ˵ʲôҶ飬˿̫ϸС˲û
ûʲôûʲô˵ǸϿȥɣҶ㲻ǶӶô˿ҲЩӶˣҲҪԷ˿Ȼظһ飬ո˵ڵʱͺˣɫͨ죬Լô˵ô˵ĻҶû˿һЩʧ䡣Ҷôһʣ˿Ȼ˵ˡа׵ССӣɰ˵Ӷˡ
ðɡԷҪʵǶĲˡҶҲû⣬ûȥϸ롣һ˻ڵϵİ˿һȵȥ
ƽռֵģȥץҶʵֵİ˿һαҶʸץסС֣ԵЩţŤŤĸҶʳ˷䡣
ܿİ˿Ӧˣ󷽷ҶǣšǷԸ׼һӵʳȥ԰СͤӣźҶСͤȥ
һ·ҶʾЩ֣ôÿһ˶ֵֹġڷһѾ۽ǺЦĿ޵ĶֵʱҶŷӦϽɿ֡ǰ˿ѾͷˣץҶʵĴ֡


272 ǿ
Ǵ壬Ҷ밮˿ûСͤӣ·ϵʱͿļҶѾ߶żСͤȥЧ治Ǹǵá
·˶΢΢˿񣬰˿Ҳ΢Цûдӵܵİ棬Ҷʶ԰˿ĺøּ˲١
ΪȷʵЩˣǲǴ߹Ͳ˵Ѿеļɢ˵ζ˶ӿ˽ŲܿľСͤС
СŻԭһͤҲǰһҶܸоʲôطԾ˵ֱͤϹͺͺģԭʧˣֻʣһɫͤӹĶҶʲڷ˲ԾĵطתͷΧһУȻɫģǱϸŶҲɫĹɢͤԭǰٻ޵Ļ԰ֻʣ˸ոðѿ
ô£͵˻ôģҶʸоЩ֣ΧһмϤֵİϤΪֺӡһģİΪΧһжӡֲһ
Ҹղûи㽲ǲ֡ҶͻȻˣֻжˡҶ˿˱С죬ݸҶһꡣ
ŶǺ滹ʲô㶼˵˵ҶʼһӲ˷Ž׽ſʰ˿
ʱġ˿ƯĴ۾˲һЩֿʼϲĽ⡣
Ҷʻһ߳Բһ˿Ǻоûзȥвˣǵ϶ûо쵽˰˿Ҷ̧Ӳһ亹
ԭԼڲ֪в㶼ΣһĻ֣߳Сƨ赲סˡǲһͺȫǵһˣҲСƨ赲סˡ
Ȼʧȥֱǰ˿ݽ֣ɫİѵʱȫ˳
֣߳ҵľȡסߣҵĸˡǽžֵּǸҶûԵּʶĵԶһôǲȫʱ򣬴ҵľػϲãؽҵȻ졣
Ȼûпͨ˿ĸҶʾһҲžַɣҲžֳϣ
ҶҲòǵߵĿΪһ֮Ӳǵͬǿߵ棬սǸݻ˸ס
Ҷʸо쬵ģޱȵĺ¡ǺǳصãͲôһͱ򲨼ˡҪԺԼطǣҪ׵Ļ߷Գ֣Լضûоͻ˼
ҶսȭͷʵޱȵĿԭΪԼһ޵ˣմմϲڿǾ֮ܣ֪жٵǿ߶ڰԼСڿɡ
һ޵ôһǿһһʰԼġֻҪ޵У͵СˡȻһһʵǿһǿߣΣҪƤĶԼ֣ԼͲˡ˵׵ģʵΪһжǿջڷƨ
Լĵɾֻ½֪顣壬Ǹ涼ȫ壬עֻܻһˡҶʲ壬ûôµģܴһΣҶʾܴڶεΣֱɱ
Ļ߾ͲòˣǿҪҪȺϢҶûа취ǰԶԶܿġ
ҶͻȻЩߣôһʺôһһôžôǿĻ׷أһֱŵġ
ų˭֪ûеĸġôǿ߸ţ½˭ܴƱ˵ɱʰġ
ԼҲδ˻ʰԼǴ尡ȻֱҶʺûһ飬ԼܲɳɱİɡôûıԼأôԼûлأ
ȻǻỤԼģǺڹؼʱӦûỤԼɡȻʱصĸԼǸԼԼҲ᲻ڡ
ҶʴͷۣʲôƨƺôİԵС󡣾ͲѧԼһˣ洳ô߶һȺǿߣƨ
Ҫ֪Ҷʵ뷨һԩҪܵв˭ϣ춼һȺϹŶܵİ
ҶߣȻҲΣգǶǼ츳ʲôġҪߣǲǿΣˣǾԵΣյġһݱ¶Ҫһûʰһǿ߾ǻĳֵġ


273 ĵʣ
ܵ˵ͻȻֶսе˵ԭס࣬Ǹո粻õ˵һѡҶ˵ҲһѣСˣܲôҲҶʸȷʵΪҪǿΪУҪԼʵǿģкܶǿվҲǲõġ
Ҫɱ˻ǻҸɱ㣬ûлҲܵȵᡣ˻һӣһӶڽ뵣жȹǱ˷ˣԼˡ
ڿ˵ǴҶ̸ҲһɵҶʱȼʵѹ˶һǿ߶ڼɵ±ĪľͱˣȻֱľͱиɵˡɴ˿ɼθߵĵǳǷǳĳɹġ
̵ڣһ־Ϳ˵ǲҶʣսǣŹһ¾Ū½֪Ҷʼոоʲôı˵һֱֵҶҲûа취ȥ֤ʵ
ˣ˵еʧܴ󣿡ҶͻȻ뵽һ⣬СЩס
ǰôҶ磬ɫôôѿ˿ֵʵȻЩĪǻʵĻشˡ
ЩأǲҪһЩ˿϶ĻشҶʽһӵϵȥ
ôأ߿ɲʶЩˣ˵ˣ޲ĹҶɥҶôͻȻЩˣѵʶսô֮ǰôûпȥأ˿һ߸Ҷʼвˣһɻʵ
ˣˡ²ҪѪ޹ôɱĹŸ裬Ūʲǫ̂ɱˣʲô̿ڸĲĲǲõģοôģľڶĲսôܹܡҶһĿɥӣң絶ʡһһģĶǽӲӵĽҰ
ͣҶ磬ԭôڵİɣǲ׵λǺܿ׵ģҪˡ˿Ц۾
ҶƴʱʶȺп֡ʿԷģĲǲȥæţǸͲ岻֡Ԫ˵ûȥ˵սֻһԸɿš
̫ˣοҶǸǳˣҪ󣬵Ҷڳ϶ҪԼ³һġʿ˵ץģò׵ȵҶʱſˣҪȥڣתһͷˣʱȥˣӵᡣ
ֽ׶εɱҶʣǴŵģҪ˵ҶʵʵοҶʵĽ֪ҶʵѧȫԺֵġʲ룬ҶʵǿĻ߿һֱԺУ֪ʲôԭһֱûг֡
ˣҶʱһ͸ˣҲûһĵġܿʵٴ֤ʵĲȷġҶԭѪ״̬ĸøӵţˣ
Ȼͳ˸ӿµˣʸûа취ˡҪԼڵ۷״̬һԼ̵ġڣҪ˵ٸԼȥҲǱһƵ顣
ȻʱֻԱˣԼСˣŸҶһǲġҪҶˣʶˣԼӳȥȻص۷״̬ȻٸҶʱҲʶһһˡ
ãԼûҶҲûȫǵ鶼ûȻʷûнٺϲãǸӵͷˡ
ҪҶ֪ԼһֱһԿ֣ʼûҲûйҪæ»ѵһƤġ
ôأǸˡͻȻ뵽ˣ̨ǰҶʽԼ飬ĲѹĽңûջ˴ѣ˶ˡҴҵء
ˣ¶ȥĽҾʹ˴ˮƯӮǮûˣѺעıûˡҶʻ裬ʱǾͻϽôԼһӶҶʵǰ֣ȻĻһֿ϶˵ġ
ʷǳԾģƨƨߵľͿʼծ֮áƾеƱһһҵҵծôҪǮҪ
ҲۿҶʵǿƱ֣ҲҶ̸̨鲻ҲҶʻţȻҶҲţΪҪϢ
Ȼأÿһ˻ľ׼һö׼ţ͵Ҷȡˡ
˭ܵҶʰʿѹôοЩĶǴ󳦷ʵˡһľսģҶʲ⣬һͻİǸˡծףҲɱˣǹ֪ҲྯҶʻСͷһ¡


274 ҳ
ûеҶʣȵʡҲ¹עˣҲ˵΢Ľˡ
ʲŸոհѶӦտƾݸֱӾͳ׼õĽҡҶʴ֣Ⱥ˻ʶʱ񡣲һôᣬϸһ㣬԰ôһö
ʲˣ˵ϵԭôŵĸүүʹҩһöңֻǵıǮʣµ׬أ
ǲ֪ʧ̫ˡеĽҶҺò״ģҲҪТһ㣬ò˰˿һŴޱȵĿɬ
˵Һձѵһ˭ТʵѺעĽأʲˣԼȡ룬ձѵġ
ʲǫ̂ǻûôˣԭΪûյ·ѻ¸ˣû뵽ʨӴ󿪿ڣҪĻ١
װɵǰɡõŵôҳ״ܰȥôҶʵʵˣܹѵΪзﻹǿǷʲˣԼֵģҪĲǿǴĲ˵ġ
үҽү˰ɡ̨ͻûꡣ˭֪Ҷܲܳŵ󣬿ûܴĹ˰ɡ֮˭֪ءҪͻȻֶӣԼ̨ҲûпܡӲ˵Խ˵ԽСԼоЩס
ʴŭ˰죬ĿŶóˣǾûٶõһͭ塣Ҳòεˣ˰ϸһ飬һˮûˡεѣ˵ǹصġ
ССҶ˲٣ҲĶ˴Уһˡ
֮һһģʸոȥ˵⣬ԷֱӸһӡĽҲһһģ಻٣պһöעķ
ˣҪȥֻҶʸıǮҪ˻ԼСϵԼТСһöĶûС
һǸöĽңһҶʵġһǰ˿ıǮΪ˿æҶǰ˵˵飬Ѱ˿һҲˡ
ſڵʱſ򴦣ޱȵ㲣ֱʶҪˡΪʲôſ򴦣ǰѴŶˣп˵ɽˮˣһӾûˡΪǮĴɵǮû뵽ȴҪԼ
Ͼʵȥծľǰ˿ʴͷɥĻʱ򣬾
˿ҲǻͲʲôǮƵģвԲġֻҪ˶ãֻҪҶ簲ãʲôν
Ҷ㲻Ҫʵ˺òã˿ҶʽһУû顣ĳҲİҶʵѣûҶʵʲôļơ
㲻һֱһֱ˳ۣҪԵôҶ棬ȡŰ˿
ǰҷǲģٶҶǲġ˿ĵ˵ͬʱһַֻ󣬸ʴƣʾʸϽ
ҶʽѵʱǶ˵֪ˣһֱڸĵȻҲ֪˵ġĵϵ˰˿ð˿ǵðæ˵顣
˿ȻǴӦ˵ģͤгԷϾЩûôƣЩҲ
ˣצǼһˡһ˶ԲԡҳҶˣ֮жȺʶǸһ¥ͷηηĶڲԶһʵķ˳
ɡҶ綼ˡ˿ҲǳҶСͷЩ˼ȻҲתͷʵķš
ٺ٣ٺ١ʱʵǰﲻæŤŤķ˹εͷ
İɣծòֹôˡǮҶҲûӡ˭Լ̫࣬Լ븴ˣ˵ҶʾͽƾͼƵİڰףʡ
ʵĲףҶ֪ˣһʼûָܰʲôæҪ̨ϣͣԼϢ»ǿԵġһĻƴҶ붼룬ǻ˰ɡ
ƽʱֵףܵı˭죬ָæָͻȻʵЩһҶʲòϣĲףǵϷ˵ĹһУĹҲһˮ׼
Ҷʺദôһʱᣬᣬ˵ǰʸ˽˸͸


275 붼룡
ǲǶ˵ôҪܿףĸܹ
СҶӣѡ´һ㣬㲢սҶǮˣʵҲͷҶʼӣȻؿڴŰƱһĵӡ
ˣҲǱ֤ˡ˵ı֤һܵģ˭ҵˡˣҶҪ´ΣҲҿǲپһˡҪһࡣҶʻ˻ִʵĻʶ֪˵⻰ʱжôļ٣ɫ϶ûСһļթһڷ¡
С㣬ĹŸųˡһ߳Բ˱ʱһСѾǰǿҶһۣȻĵͷС˵
СҪҶֱ˵㿴ʲôˣôһýڡ˿ЦѾߵ֣СѾͷԼҶʵߡó˿Ѿͷĸ黹
С㣬ûСǳĹŸˡСѾͷӵĺˣͷ͵͵ã°Ͷؿڡ
ŸҲԵûдŵǰɡڰ˿ҪȡЦСѾͷʱһˬʵģѹƲסĵϵ
Ų㰡һΪǡ˿һ㶣Ȼ˵˵óŸĹϵҲ
㻹ΪСѾͷΪ˿ҶСӳʲôĽڰɡԶĶˡҲЩûпǵİ˿ˣŲֳƯˡŸѾǰ˿Դг˴Ȱ
ҶʾЩ֣һ̵ĹŸ鲻٣ĺ۰˿СǰҲ˿ԹŸǵĶСҶЩͷԣһ̵ĹŸڳСĵĺһԵĹŸ費һǵɻҪٳǵĹŸҲһ
Ҷʲ֪ǣŸһֱûãɢĹˣϲ£붫½еһȡͨŮϣϵŮֲϲΪһֱûȢӡ˵Ÿиϲ˵ģǾʲôҾͲö֪ˡ
˿Ĺ龫֣һŪ˹ŸͷˡŸǵûһļϣŸ԰˿ԼͶԵҪǶԼƢСѾͷޱȵչˡ˵ǵŮڶԴò˶۾
һжֻ˵ԵȻ˭ܰһ֮龫ֵŮϵ
ŲҶ磬ҺܺõġԺͲҪ鷳˰ɡ˿ͻȻ˵ҡŹŸĴ֣ĶŹŸ衣
ﻹ鷳ϴȸŪһ鷳飬ҽƾͼƵİһأŪ˸ӿµŲˣǿɰİ˿ҲŵùŸ˵Щ
ҶʿŸĳ֣һֱûиʲôɫԹԵصһԳŲˣûŸ裬ûҲûпģֱӰѹŸˡ
ȻҶҲų̂ϷйǲžͶԹŸǳˡô˵أжĥɱ¿ɣȻĥ¿Լƨƨߵȥġ
Ÿһ˵ǣҲ֤ҶʵĲ롣ȻԼҪĶʿȥץʱ򣬹ŸĳѾˡԼôȥȻϣҶʲ֪ŸûڰԼһѣͲö֪ˡ
ˣСӣҲһɫˡ˭أ˵׬ˣҵĳдԴաץжҲԼҪôº̨һѵǲĵùأҵսǲȫˣıȵĻһŸɡҪ㻹ǷһءŸ跭ŰۣҶʳɫŸĪķꡣ
صصܹҪЩİɡɱһ飬ǻ⣬ǿɸһϵûУҪҪ⳥ʲôģȥǡҶʲ飬ŹŸ裬ѹŸòС
ģҿûҵ飬Ҫ㡭ŸӵˣȻ֪ҶʲԼӣôֱ׵˵˳ùŸΡǰԼеĿĸ˵˳
ǰҵ֪ͨǣллˡȻȥ̨Ҹ㣬붼롣Ҷŭˣѿһ浱ԼǺǵˡ
ֳôĶȻҪȥ߶һ¡ȥľ壬ҶʵǣҲǰģȻҪսǣ֪ҶʻôͼӴ׵˵˵ˣ治סˣܿͻ˾֪


276 ˶ĲʲôӦ
֮ȥ壬Ϊסǣ˶֪ǳĻ̣ʷģӹӡα˶ϣҶʣҪսˣ֪ȺļһɳЩʲô
ιȥҪ֪ͨ·ǿߣ˻Ҷ֪ˡҲˣżǿĻ׷档ĵǳʽҶʸоıҲǾ쵽ˡǿıǹеҪԭ
ڵ¼У⣬Ϊǿˡܸܵܶͽ׵ʿ޷Ӧûȥ棬Լĸ֮˵ȽϺá
βȥǹġŸıЩֻϵҶʻᷴԣֱӰѹˡ
ǹ˵ҲУƾʲôŸ˹ѹԼҶʸӵķˡ
ҲǷǳ⣬ųˣҪҶСӲӦȥŸЦĸӵĿˣҶʷԽǿңŸԽġΪɱﵣҶʲͷġ
ô˵ĻƭҵİɣҶһ£û뵽ŸĴҪĻ¾鷳ˡ
Ų㣬ԵûҲӳԣǾԲġŸ˸ƣŲһλãСͤӵ·˳һڵӡ
Ÿû˵ٻ˵顣ܿľͱطϢ˻ŸһֱȵҶѹŹ֪ͨҶʵġ
ǹ˳ôһᣬȻ˵Ϊ˾ҶǶôĺηսǵʧǶôĴһ͸еͷ󣬿ԷǾҶһϽͷӦˣùһԹ顣
ʵôҲпǵģҶվ̨Ҷڵ϶ܶ˶Щܵ·ǿߵսҶҲкôģӦսķʽ
ŸɣҶǳ׵ˣ¿Ҳˡ
μӿԣҪӦҵһҶЭˣŲϳԿԭ򣬻ּۻۡ
˵ɣʲôٴο̿ڶĲʲôӦҲ֪սǿ˵һƶϴˡŸҲһҪҶĲȥ˵̬ȵӦԣŸ軹ûа취ڴҵ˼̫ˣȷʵҪƷһ¡
Ҷȥ̨ǹ˼˼ȻŸ˼СΪľҶʼһ
Ҫս˵ȨҶ붼ûͿˣȻܲˡûıȡ͵ˣȻȻҪսŻЧ
սǰɡţðû⡣κϴһǶϳŸ룬ͷӦˡ
ο˵Ҷǵһ֪ˡһ˵Ҫ̨ȫгԭⲻ˽ǱǶǿˣֲϴһʱ첻ϵսԾҶҲսȨˣҶʣбҶս˵ǲģ໥Ĵٽ
ȻѾ̸ˣеĿҲʹﵽˡýĶˣ˵Ķ˵ˣҶҲԹԵˡŸҲת뿪ˣΪʵҲʲôˣҶԵĶԼô˿ҲΪҶСӶԹŸ谮ˣʧȥȤĹŸ軹ʲô
ΪͻĹŸôһͣҶͻȻȤȱȱˣ϶ҲѾˣԵķ꣬Ű˿ȥˡ
ˣ簬أҶôˣӦò֪İɡͨĻҶʵ
ϴα̼ˡͻȻøӵǿˣͱչˣ˵Щ򡣡˿ͻȻЩеǷ绪һˡͻȻҶ磬ȻҶһֱҪѹһͷ
סϴһ𣬾ͱչôáûضãֱչˡҶҪԼôչصĻԼı
˱߱ģͻȻһߴӰǰ˶һ㶡˵߲㰫ģֻܿ˿ţ߿ǲİ
Ҷʣôûдɡ˻ʱһϷ
Ҷ밮˿ͬʱһͷϿȥһŴֿͷںڵĳͷӳһţ˳
ôҶһ£Ͻ˷̬
ԭǰţ簡ͻȻû˿˺Ѿ߹ģСظЩµ˵
Ҷʱ֡˵ҶʽţӵĽţ˺ü󲽣Ҷ˾롣


277 £
ǰҶ粻Ҫ֡ţǼסˡ˿ҲȰţסҶʣͻȻ֡
ҶɻĿ⣬˿ҶʽˡԭҶԾʱѾʵ֤ԼǰĴ˰ţţҶʵĲҲ綼ʧˣ˵ҶˡţˣҪΪҶʣҪţҶʺ
ţѾҶʵĿ꣬һҪԽĿ꣬ĸҶʵߣʱ̵ļԼȵսҶʵʵˣţͻսҶʡ
˿ҶʿֱɵһΣЩΣټϰţ䣬Ҳͬˡðţ˸еһƽռûʲô飬ҪǱԺеİȫסҲڸСûȥİţȻڴӦ
ϣһֱôǿȥҲŻжһһսʱһ㡣ȷҶʲᶯ֮󣬰ţǰһĿᶨϿҵĶҶʡ
ı㣬ֻҪҾͺˡţôҶʻĲøˣЩƵĻ˻֣˳Ǿһ
ģûսʵ֮ǰҾǲġȥˣԼæԼİɡţһ˷ܣ־˿ȥ
ûˣҶ밮˿ҡڵ뿪Ժӣһʡ
ȻѾǰӰ˿Ŀ֪˵ոµսУҶʻǳ𺳡Χһжɫģɫĵɫӣʲôɫ
Ȼɫ֮ǰһ˺ܶ࣬ǲò˵սȷʵǱǰࡣǰĽ￴ӵĴֿ񣬸ӵĶغʵǲƣףЩֻͽſµĵ̡
ĽһһѾ𺳵ˣǶԥһͰһľӦеķòơ
ǰҶֻ֪켶ǿߺңԶ򶷶ʧɫ춼ǸսǺƵѹϯʮõͽ׵鼯ʧʵʵſš
ǱϾǸ̫ңԶˣûֱ۵ֻ֪֪켶ǿѾˣҪķˡ
ҶʴŰ˿ǰսǸһ飬ǳȥǸˮתһȦ켶ǿһֱ۵ģŵ˽ˡ
Ҫ˵ʱѾˣڹۿսµżҶʶСʱܹҲ¶ǽսȻûг浫ǣס˶Һ˵ԭɡǱپѧһҲһпֲɱȻǺ˱ǣƣನԼһ£Ҳܲ˵ġ
ûмĵȻԲеһǾȻܱȵͬ׵ǿûκεƢֻܡŪôһ񼣵ľ޿ӡѾǳֲսǽȫ١
ͬ켶Ҳͬ£һ֮֮ǣǵķԶ嶼һ̨ס
Щνǿֲ˻ΪЧˡ
ҶʽҵĴ׵ӹһ٣Ȼ˵Щ£лЩմմϲġֱڿ˸սµżҶʲ֪Լ뷨ǶôɣʱܼһǶôĽҡ
Ҫɺһ𣬿ǿҪɱԼֻҪһָͷĹɡ
ӱפãǲϢͰ˿٣ҶԺŵʱһСҶʲòȻĵóһۣĹԼΪٴȽףϵһǿ߳ƽҲִֻеΨһ
ҶЩȻĳһظе
Ҷ磬ġΪǶؼ˻ʡȻǶˡҪҶһͬͬһʱһҶĶֵġƺǿҶʵЩߣЩ䡣˿һֱҶʵתƣ뿪ҶЩĬʱʼһֱû˵ŵĿɰѾͷΪҶʴ
˿µҶʵ£ҶȥԼķʽڹ
˿öֱҶʵԺը죬ҶһѸٵĻعһ亹Щ¡ʵ̫ˣǿսսвϢС
Һð˿ҶʲԣҶʵľҶѸٵ˹ҶʼӲĵĶ㱻ĥ˵Ǵ¼顣
Ҷʲ룬˼æıչأǲǾǵܵ˳ҪȶŪʲǫ̂սǲҲҪ¼ңȥǱڵĸ


278 
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ȻҲ˵еʿῪġ˵г߹ϵŲ̄ļλӿҶʵ˵ֻ಻ٵġټ϶̨֪֮۱ֵپޣע˻Ҷʵ˵ġǿгЦǳһƵӣôأֻˡ
Ϊε̨ԲĽУŸս񶼸˳Զֹ̨һεľŸû浽Ϊ̨ͨͨķܳܵסҶȫġ
˵սСƨڹ滹ڳеʱ֡¹鷳ְӡ춼ս֮£˭ҲҲǹǰ뿪ȥϻ飬սž͸ųˡڳй䡣
Ÿ軹Ϊս»Ḷдۣ˵Ǻ鷳ġǽȫϡŸֻôһ˵ոᵽҪ̨սڴӦˣ˵̨𣬶ԽԽá
Ÿһ㶣ȻҲȻˡЩҲЩսСƨĹսǸζԵУܸ˵òжҷŵļһŸ²⣬϶СƨҪˡ
˵ЩֻҪеطңܵһʱеֳܶԷǷ˼Ť֮ĶԾСƨĽζǸǳйڵµļһԼ
ģʣǸӣʺϻŹŸһ쳹ȫǵĴһֵ̨Ҫڽ쿪ʼˡ
ЩҶʳڰ˿еĿͷ˯ʱ䶼Ű˿ת׽ǿߴսϢЩĶϴεźҶʵĵĵõȥ˳޹͸ȻǻܵǶһĥ£Ҷʵĵġ
Щ˸еѾͷҶҶʲûп˿һ˿ĸҲûгֹǶԼڰ˿߲ܲˣҲĬҶʵĳ֡ҶȻ֣Ҳûȥϸ룬ҪһȺϼһԼȥ죬ԼŻӵĲϰߵİɡ
ûԼҶҲȥǣÿиϤİ˿Ҳ͹ˡƯֿɰܹԼҶʹĺ󡣾ǱСӵĴڣҶҲûȥŹ
첻һˣŸ趼ڷˣȻӦˣôŶùȥ׼ȥаףŰ˿ոߵſڣǽ˶յķԶˡ
˳˸һȥĿʣûһ˿ǷϡҶҲֻΪ˵ǵ˼԰׺
ôҸܵĳӦŶ԰ɡϾǳ򿪷žͿҶʣҲһ㶡֮󣬿ҶʻԼſڴȤ
ʲôʧġǱҴƨģһƢûСҴεҲ׵ģҶԺˣΪӲһ׵ĹԺ󶼿дһˡҶҲǹЦһ޵еͷԵõ˵
Ȼ֪Ҷ˵ʵûм׵ʱӲһģȻɺϣߵʵ޴󡣸Ҷʱ䣬Ҷʳɳδûһսʵ
һһˡ׻̲סҶһƨӰ׾д˵ĳ嶯
һˣƨɺһսǻķǳǣûвʶһеġ
Կ׵ԵȷʵܺãܶһʿԶԶľ״кҲʶʶĶ΢Ц񡣰˿ԵҲ󲿷ֶԣõ˿΢ЦӦܿ
ҶʴкĿ˵Ǹ࣬ŮҶʴккķʽЩˣһȵļᶨģһ˷ܵĶҶʣгս⡣
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ҶʵͷŸͺΪ
С㣬Ҫˡ
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ô˵̫ɶˣ˵ֵ񶼲ŹӲǳ˼ȥ١
ɲҪǲԼ֡϶ϴһգһöͭ嶼ʣ
ƨ˵һȺСܣֻ֡Ҫһ£ȺСԼˡ

Ҷʼ˻ŲʣֱӵˡǺˣȫȾܡ


279 ط
һıߣĸ˸˵ġǳԼʲôǮȥջԼ룬ءʲôֱӶ֣ÿһϵĺòáҲҪȷûǮ˻Ǽװģôͳ˲ǮͶء
Ҷʼ˷ɿܿˣʸӵˣҲųһź˿Դż˵ĽŲĿ
̨ľٰص㻹ڳ⣬µսǳɫͲ֮⣬ԭսǸһģһģԼ·ľҵ˾ٰء
Ȼ˵Ҫʿμӣͨľû֣ץʱֶţϣܾĻظˮ׼
ǾҲɽ˺ģʿҲű仯̬壬϶кԵǺױϡȺô飬е˶Щû˷СϾЩ̲£ҲûҥеôѪȲбû˶ɡ
Ҷֵܣô㣬ڵˣȻҿҪ̵ֽġţƷ˳ֱеȺĸоһֱȺѰҶʡҶʼҲԶͿǸ߳˰ӵİţڶ
ţĺҶ˳ŰţķתȻСܹҶʼˡܼȺԶѿһһͨͨ
˰ţĻټ˺пÿܹܵĴ˷ĻĿ⣬ҶоҪڻˡβˣҶҲûºֵˡϴǱһڶҪܲ޹ʵľͰѱɡ
ľ˺Уоյͨ˺ǰ棬ŹŸ裬һۿɰСƨ
̨϶ѾһˣҶʼЩĲ³˹ҲȻ̨ϡҶʿҶʼüŪ۵ģ˴Ĵָ
˻ˣţһ˵ʲôȺܾ˲˵˵Ҷ밬Ҳż˻ȻõŸĵͷʾ⣬һ˸Ե̨ϡ
Сӣܲûи˻嶪һúñ֣ҿŶҶʸո̨ϣһ۵ҶʵĶ
Ҷ˶ûʲô顣ֻԼ
ҶСӣҿˣǰ˵ҲԵһһֻԵڶޱȵۣȴӲҪװһӣ˸оЦ
ҶתͷȥȻŸǰλСƨתͷԼüŪ۵ġ
ҶȻɻ֣ŸôиĺӣѵǹŸ˽ӣȻСƨô˵ҶҲµˣӦþǰ˿ԼзʱԼᵽĽսɡ
Լһǲ٣һ㰮˿ѾҶʡԼʲôʱһˣѵ˵ϵһƿСƨķӡ
Ҫʹϵ˳һ¡Сƨ˵ô仰֮תͷٿԼҶҲֻաҲͲȥˣֲʲô¡Ҳûʲô塣
ˣ˶ˡǾ˴αĹ򡣡ŸҶ̨֮ŵĿڣСŵ˺
˴αĹһδͬǲˡɱܹ⣬Ǿ֡һûŸȻƽ˵ÿһ˶ܹ
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ҲЩĲһαϾʲôͷ̨ϢͳԷʱ׼̨սȡʸ񡣱Ϊ£º֡ûŸٴοڡ
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Ÿֽ˼򣬲󲿷ҶʵģСͻȻ񲻰£Ǿ鷳ˡоʲôһڶܺ׷ܿŶ֡
ҶŰۣ˭ûջĺһȺͽʿȥԱ˳ŵĲŻİɡ
һ㣬ڸܻ֮мϲս⣬Ϊһ̨ܵһ죬ɱǿߣǱط߻ˣ̨ǿʼһҲҶּۻӽȥġ˵һըԵĽ
˶ˣ߻ȺڹŸ϶Σףû˲Ķġ


280 ڶ
Ҫ˵ۼʶ߻֮ˣûۼʶҲ㹻˷ˡƾǳһҲǹĲ֮أ˷
ÿһоԶĴ嶼ԼĹһõģһʺԼһѪġ˾ǹŸóԼĹĴ˾ԲĶһ£ɵɢ޿ܻĶǲȥƴ
嶼У·϶ͨͨðʺġطѵˣֻЩǿߵļŻеĶͨĴ嶼һС
ŸóĶ˵򡣴Լǲˡôѱط״ˣοʲôߵ
Ҷȣһ̧ͷͿλڹŸ̨ϵҶʣȻиոȼĻϨ˴롣
ǰȸ˵ùˣֻ뵽طֲ֮ⶼûеأƨҶʵҲĿõģһһУûмĶ֡
£ŸͻȻ˵Ĵ󷽣ֵˡҿóҶǳң棬Щ飬ѵεĽӣ̼˵ģʵʺôʵһʼΪҶ׼ģ
ܿ·ʿ͵̬һʼûʲôطģβս̵ֽġطҲʱģҲľϲ˰ɣǵòܿԼܵҶʵҲǲġ
ÿعʵˣ򲻹˼ҰѵȥӲġƴҶǳķ֣Լ˵ƴԱ˵Ͳһ¡ˣ˶ˡ
ȻҶȻǿƣҲܹ˶ͷȴġ̨ϲ˶ȣЩҶʵ̫ˣѹǴҶ֮ӣûսʲô˵ҶʵͷڰǸŵȴ
ңεĽطҪԼõ˽Լļ嶼ܹڶʱһ̨ˣǿطûǿطļ幥ȫԵȵġҪԼطڼеĵλһˡθұԼ̨ͷǣɣɡ
̨ʼնޱ飬һǰףһҶʡ
ǲµ˳һ⣬ԵǸҶ׼ġһҲĴ壬֪Ȼ£ɣеԼͻ
ǵ߻ߵǶغ·ߣ밬ǵġʴˣ׶ڵ߻ûһĶ
ҶȻҲЩۺ߻ǱҲûҲν̬ȡѾ˿ռطܹ֮ӵޡҪϵĵ߻˲֪ٱĿΪС
ȻҶҲʮֵţڳˣҶʾû˭ܹùԼġѾ൱Լ˵Ķõôô׻˵úãļԲȶ
Ÿ˽֮һֱڹ۲Ҷʣǿһޱ֮󣬹ŸһȻòС󲿷˵ĲһһǴҶʵġ
Ÿ豾ԭ򣬵ǲ˼Ūǫ̼̂ˣҲӦҶʣҲԣŹŸ
ΪʲôҪҶʣҲǴż಻ѹĵˣǿƵı֣в֪ĻߡҪЩʾԱҶʵĳɳٶȣٶҲܴµƶϳ˶оѹƲסˣҶʱȻһս
ҶʳԿܺͿ̿ŽҲδѰɡ
ŸͻȻôһûӦҶʣǰԼСҶһڵӣ̨ϱĿ񡣹Ÿ軳ҪڸһŴǲǻڴˡ
Ҷʣϴεı̫ڶӣûʲôҪ˵ôŸ費òˣ˸ڣҪҶעԼ
ϴҲԣһ˵ʼôҪսסҶһ㶣֪Ÿ跢ʲô񾭣ԼûŸôôĲơҲûж룬˳ŹŸĻ˸ǸȻߴš
Υ档ʼŸһĺߣûȤٴȥˣһ䣬Ȼ˳۲Ϊ
Ȼ˳ӿҶȿֺҶڵ̨ӿȥȻҶʶ֤ˣҲǳĵ̵ֽģҲҶʻº֣ͲҶԽǿԽá
һɱΧʹ˻Ľ̨һ˷ܵɨľţȻ΢Цתͷ˵Ҫս㡭
Ȼԭһ΢ЦһȻ


281 սף
Ϊת̨ʱ̨ϿտҲʲôûСȻҶҲ֪ʲôʱͲˣع˵ȴһôôͻȻϺˣԭˣ̨иƨô
ԭҶڿǷȺһӵϵʱһͷ亹Ҷʾ͹ϵĳˡһԾ˸ڰ׵̨ϡҶеļȽǿĴһܣһȺͽʿ棬Ȳܴ̼ԼǱֲԼġʲôء
ҶһȺ˸ϣ;ûѵĿˣһһģͿ¡
֣ϴһսҲǰˡһսֱʹ졣ڰΪͻͽʵǾһսɡҶʶ԰׹˹֣Ҫǰǰ˿ĸ磬ô鷳ֱˡ
ҶͣҺݺݵѹǰڸס˿̨ıԵֽеģȥԶľ롣
˿ĺſϷĸӵļѵһս÷Сӵս˶ǿߣϷ붼˷ܡ
ҪҲٴκһˡúõĽѵ㣬㿴㣬ҵö̳ʲôˡͷĺߣǰİ˿Ȼǻô顣Ҫһ˽ѵԼĸ磬Ǹʲô顣
Ϊ˿ֻһʱƤˣеĽֱӱ׸ˡԭ˿ϲ˰˶ǿŰ˿Ӱ˫۽ģ˿ȥ
̨ôˣ
ûУ̫󣬽ɳˡ
ɻķ磬ɳӡ
ȻģҲ˸ˡſֵ˶ӵ˷ܣﲻϵظһ仰ϷˣϷˡ
˿ԻÿɰҲûҽʲôԼѧġҶЩΣ÷ʲôЩ죬Ű˿һ𣬻ȷʵǲ֪Ľ̻˰˿ٵĶ
úƱ硣СײôԼãһҶʳ˹ȥ
ײĲҶ֮ǰʶڰ׽µĲӵӰϵʵֱã˸͵ҶʵǰһŰ׹ȭͷֱֱҶʵź
Ҷ̧֣Ұڣ˰׵ϣ񵲿һεĹȻһŤһ밬һλľ롣
ղǸѣСˡԵеʱ򣬰ޱȵ棬ڵҶһ䣬ȻֳҶʡ
ҶҲڿ˼ƣٴֱԼ˹ˡҶ¶һ΢Ц
ͬʽοûõġһǴкڶҲ̫С˰ɡҶʹЦţԪȫתӲӵȭͷֱǰȥ
һȭնҶʸŤˣ̨һ¡
ȻҶǵЦѸٱȻһȭȻˣǰİͻȻһʧˡҶȫһȭ޻ϵĸо屻ԼĴܡ
Ҷǿѹ˲ʣ˲һ
顱һ޴죬ͻȻҶʵԺһȭݺݵҶʵĺ󱲡
Ƭ裬·һ֮»˷ɻҡҶʱ˳ȥڿеת壬ŰƮȻء
ҿõڶҲͬ´οɲôŶûг׷վԭؿҶƽȵأ¶һڰҶЦЦ
ӵĥˡҶһݡҪֻǱŽֵ̬ûжʲôɱġҪԾһ¿ԼѾˣԼ©ôһ֣޷ĺ󱳶˶֡
ȻɱûһɡЦݣҶʡ
ˣҶͰ˿ҶʳԿŲˣСš
Ҷ밬׶侲ֻű˴ˣҲݲˡҪһһŮô϶ܸжٵˣƭٻŮᡣ˶ս߰ɢ˲ٰ˿˵Ĭ
Ҷһѳϵ©װ¶˽ʵȳƵϰȻûи߸¡ļ⣬û˸һ͵Ǳ˿־
ǰ˿ٵĻŮһۣĸϽŲȻ᲻õ͵͵б۲졣
Ҷֶе··ƮȻءҲ·صһ˲䶯ˣµĲ䡣
ӰһһҶʳ˹
Ҷʸ϶Էٶȣ鶯Ķ֣ǰҶʸƵġ


282 İ
׵ٶʵ̫ˣӰһƬÿһޱȵʵԱ١ĶԾУҲܸҶ㹻ʱȥ̽ĸЩǲӰ
ҶҲȻôվű򣬳ʱһĶҲǰ׵ʱʵҶͷޱȡٶҶʵߣŵķԼ߲ܣȻûҵʵٶȷĹֲҶҲദһ¶ԲߣȻ³ˣʵþͺá
ҶʺٺһЦ͵̧ҽţȻص̤ȥҶʾȵɢ˿ȥڰ̨̤顣
̨ڲһ죬̨Ҷʾ£粨һӿšǱûʲôʵԿԵĲӰ˹£һʱʧˡ
Ҷʲɽ˫̨ϣžӿ̨΢СȵĻζţжȥ˴ӵ淴
ףôһлɡصΪ׼ġҶʺٺЦţһԳӰİס
ޱȵǱҶʸȵֳӰһ㱻ƽ̨һʼ׾ûдҶʽϵĶƴٶǰ׵ĳһҶ
׺ҵȱ㡣ղƾԼ˵ٶȣĲ̨ϿٵıߣѰҶʵ
û뵽ҶͻȻôһ£һ²ʩչˣ޹ľҲţ׺üζ㱻ôվţ岨ķȶԵҪҶʵģǿһ¾Ϳ˳
˵Ҷȡˣ˵Ƶƣֻ̨ô󡣰ٶٿҲ̨ƶŰԼԼֲĲ㣬ס˶Է˵һٶá
ҪǻһĳأҶʾûôˡȻҲСΧĵﵽڵЧǴΪһģҪĶ࣬ѶҲҪĶࡣҰֻҪ΢ԶĵطѰһᣬҵʱͻȻҶҲûа취ġ
Ҷʵˣ̤ŻûӦİ׳˹ȥԪת͸涼һӲӵϼ⣬һ
Ҷÿ̤һ޴ͻ̨Ϸ໥ײɷȫ෴壬̨ڴĹѡ
׷Ũ׹ȭǰȥͬʱҽصڵһ̤ź󷽻ȥ
䡱ɫȭͷҶʽӲӵȭͷնԺһǣڰеİ嶼һ£ĸӵԶˡ
ҶҲ΢΢һ£ȻѸٵǿȶ
ҶͣҸҪٻˡ˿Ҷռ˱˵ʱʱ𡣵ԼҶʣƽİ׶һĺߣ˭׸簡
Ȼ׽¸ֳһƬʵƣһ̤ȥθ࣬Ҳ˻ȥ˺׹һƬ޴ķµħ̨С
һԽ˻м䴫˳һƥͨ׵ı˫мͻȻ֡ǵҶʽѵӵˡȻҲˣ׵Ϊ
ȻҲʶҶʵģ˵⻹ǵһԿࡣʱʱľͻħӰܴܣһԼҪǿͣ˭ħް
ν˼ۺ죬ҲȻǵһʱͿҶʣȻֹ۲ܵĻϤˣϤĻҲⰡҶʴ˸ǣȻǶҶкܴĳɼ
һı֮ϣȻһѳǹɢĵĺ⡣
֣һʣƽռ䶼ЩôһֱûпҶͻȻˣһôĪ⣬˴ս޹ء
ʵҶҲڸҹǹǣûзƥҶԭҪȥŪȥһȦģ˧İɫһ˧ӣǶôƻãܹٵĻŮ
ⲽ׸ոտϡ׵еøӵİ˧ٵŮ߶˴̶ļ
ҶʺˣԼҲ¶ϰǿȻ˽ûڵļҰѵҶʶȲһͷôҶŷʣҪºһҪȥŪôһȦ
ʲôСƽռ䶼ħɽеƽԭУȺһ֮ԼƾԼٻԵһ£ûиҶôͻȻ⡣Ҳʲô˲õܣع֮󣬰Ҳ͸Ҷʴ𰸡
ҶͣѹҸ磬İôɧ׾ȻٻСף˿Ҷƽˣš


283 磬
Ҷʺǲ˼԰˿˵ʵҾǿ綼ô˧ˣŪһƥ⻹ô˧ôʵҲҪģҪɧԼҲҪɧһµġ
ŵĺߣ⵽˭ðôûôͿʼű˵˰
밬׵ȻͬΧ۵˶ǳļĽкáּϷˣÿ߸磬Ķ÷ս˸ˡҶоûаϲ̨ùˣʵ̫Բˡ
Ҫǿ߶ԾûҶ밬˭˵ǸأҪˡҪε̨ջûԼȥһٲջۿ˵ĶԾҲܹЩõġ
㿪ʼɣǶء
ǣ˵ǵˡ˿ӻĴ˸磬ءͰҶֵܣҿŶ
ֱѧ߰˿һȺүǶļĴţҶ磬ҿӴ
±˵ǰŵĺߣҶҲǱĵĲС޽֮ķѾûˣΪҶҲֱ̨̤һһһ˰Уһһ˹ȥ
Ҷָſצָ΢΢ĲвǰһһΧձʵһ飬ϵİ׸СΧС
΢΢üȻסǲȫĶס̶ֳȵĽȻܹƵġ
û뵽ҶʾȻ˵ԣǵϣǿ˵Ҷʵ󣬼ϻرűҶʸסˡ
Ȼ϶ҶûƣŰС׸ٻ˳ûָնԵȻƶҶʣΪܷ֮Ǵ·ϵĳʶ׿ɲҶʲôıôֻǻһʽҶĶԲ߸ϵ
û뵽òҶʾȻɳĵزʽŹ࣬Ϊǿ࣬սҲࡣ
û̵յΪҶѾҪˡΪ˰ҶʵĿƣóȻĳֹҶʳʱھȥδʱҶʵ»
׶ԭزҲ΢ȶ˫ᱣƽ븡աһһݴͣߵϢΪһ壬ϢְθࡣۿɼԪŰɿĳȥγԪ
ҶʼûʲôĶ󲽵Ű׳ȥƽء֪ӽ˰׵ʱŶˡ΢΢ն΢΢Ҷ֮죬ԪҶһգΧĿռ䶼˶ݵ״̬
ݵ֮ҶʵȭͷǹǾһ㣬Ű׺伶ȥһҵı˵ĶУֱǿ⼷ѹ
Ķˣǰ߸ߵ˫Ҷ̤ȥ׳ǰܳƬʯҶͬһʱ䣬ϵİ׵еĳǹ׵ԪŵĳǹһҶʴ˹жһ磬һǹĵת
顱һ죬밬еĳǹʱҶʵұϡ
Ҷһ𣬱̨ϣȥӡȻҶ幻ǿǿܵķ֮Ҳ󡣿û㣬ҶֱӾͱ
ֱһĺۣŽɫѪ˿ǱǰԾصһǹˣһǹȻûд͸ҶʵֱۡǿĴ͸ǿֲķ֮ҶһЩСˡ
۰ף֮˴Ÿϵȶס塣
Ҷǰסգ˫Ĺ˵ĵһʱƿˣǿҶʻû򵽼УҲûмֻֻԵУûзӳǾԵ
ڲͣĳ˻ţֻǰЩܿƵϸ΢ڿвʱַ̧£滺ŲʡҪҵĻϴײ֮¾ȻܸҶʣʱû¾ͬߣǰĽǣû뵽̤Ҷʡ
Ҳܣǹұ΢΢䶯ţ΢ոȫһϣ˶˶ô޴ķ֪ոôһұ۵ĸжôĴ
ΪԼĹķҶʺľ޴ҶʵرҲûʲôĵطǾôֱӣôļ򵥴ֱԵݻһС
磬Ҳ̫˰ɡ磬ȻǴ򲻹Ҷġ˿Լĸ˵ĲһЩˡ


284 ѹŴ
Щͷʹ󣬰аѰ˿ѹһʱúԵ뷨ˡ²˭ôһ龫ֵöͷ۵ġ
̫ѹŶԷᱻ䣬Էֻᱻ˵̫Ȼ˶ֻǽûɱǰ׻ǾЩϵĹȥ
֣Ҷʸһ²ûܵʲôʵԵ˺һʱͱ̨ϡȻ˵ҵҶҲûŰı̬á
˫̤ʱڵͱ˳ȥҶٴγŰ׳ȥʱſոҶĵطѾϸɳ
ȺеʿΪȻձ鲻ߣǲߵˡЩȻһ²ǰ׺սǿһһҲΪȴڵģ˺ÿǺʵ
ֻ˵һ̬һӱ̬ˣ˱̬֮ϻиӱ̬ġֻ˵Ҷʵʵ̫ǿˣҲ̫ǿˡ֮ǰҶԾʱҾ˸ģ֪ǱϾϤš
׾Ͳͬˣ˵СͻȺ˵ߡȻ˵ǲϤǶڰ˶˵Ϥޱȡ׵ʵҲҪ˽Щ
Ȼӣ˱ˡ׺ǿгҶʸӵǿ󡣿ҶһսҶΪҶ֮밬ЩҹϵĶǿǴһˮ׼ġĿǰӵģҶʻҪӵĿ£Ҳ˵עҪҲͬޱȿ£ɲʲôϢ
Ҷʿɲ֪Լ⵼ڵ˴˶ô𺳡Ҫ֪˵ĻҶԼڻҲôһ
ҶڿûʱЩˡһսڴѾõˣȻȫԸ֮ǰİ׵ٶȸԼǶݵļν֣Ҷȫķˡ䲢ȱţֻȱٻȱѡ
Ҷȫ˷ǰ֪û׿˵Ҷһмһսˡ
ҶֲסĽգѰ׸һУðлѡȻеûжãҪڰ϶ô£˵ܰѰ׵Ϊһ̨ס
Ҷ밬ײûʲôޣҶʺܺõĸԾʱҶʵô£Ǳ͸˵ϵʱҶʸҪץסͲˡһֱûлᰡ
Ҷס˰ףȵðԼӲҶʳִ󿪴ϣԼǿҲǿûκεȴֳֳǹİ׸ӵ׺
һȭȥղסָ£쵶ȴʤ쵶һƽ̧֮ģޱȡ
׿֧ţҺϢð׵ΪҪҶʸ߳ôһ˿ðԪҶǿƵĹûôܡҪǰûʲôóĻȥǳˡ
ٰԪкľʱҪ˵ƴظٶȣ˭˻ĻظءҾûԪ˻ǿֲɱСԪȴʤԪֻҪˣ޾ġ
һȣȫԪѾһ˿ѹˡ˫ֳǹ߾ٹͷԪע˳ǹ
ǹðŨɫԪǻһܵȼţǹһȼŵĻ档
һ磬ϷԪ֣˻ϡ沢ûоʹϨ𣬷ȼյøӵľˡ
ҶҲǵһʱȡ˺ɫǹֳֵǹӽɫ˻еԪעȥеĳǹ³ɳĲӽɫʵǹâǳǹ졣Χųǹתɻڷ裬С
Ҷʰѳǹʹãݺݵǰİ׳˹ȥһĽɫΡ޴ձ˿
ҶеĳǹҪ˴Ѱ׳еʱĳëըëèһڿеһԾϰθЩͬʱ֫ĺ˸
һ亹һҪǱҶʸ˵ĻҲҪзϰûɱôȴɱֻҪ
ʵǴҶˣһȻǿֲһСȻҪ밬ûܵĻһҲǿԴʵġҶţ˵밬׵һ˲ֵġ
һĻⳡҲ͵ΪֹˡܲĻҶҲûбҪٴȥˡ


285 óʵɣ
ܿ˺ɨҰײûйҶʰһȻˡҶұڣԭɨĳǹӲĸı˷¶ϵķ˹ȥֽȻͬһϣնѿˡ
ҶʵĶսֱʵǿ£ԳľҲޱȵľ׼ȻŰױܿһǺɨʱ򣬰ʱ򹥻ˡ
һɫľͻ϶µ˹ʵͻȻһ磬ǳǹâһɫٲһ㣬̧ͷȥؼֻʣһǹһƬҫ۵İס
ϡһҶĳǹ밬ĳǹʵʵײһؼ䱬ţʧɫؼֻʣһ̶ģֱԺģĽ
ϡ⻹꣬ͬľ£ѳǹҵ΢΢෴ķȻСʱѸٵĵ˻˽ײβȶײûһαһһʤһΣδζ쳹ؼı
Ҷٴα̨һûпסΣֱӳɴ̨棬ҳһδӡ
ҲǱ˳ȥзšķʮܣȹס塣
׳ǹ˫ֻȫѣѪע˫ھҵĲҪǰҧ֣ǹַ˳ȥ⣬׻סĿԣ³ȫǴڴڵѪǰİ۱Ⱦ˸ͨ͸Ŀġ
ҲܣѪϸܵѪϵÿһëԭɫ壬תۼͱѪвôЩѩסҲû˸߹ӣֲޱȣǳظгĶħ
ЩСۿʿϽסСӵ۾±ɲӸסˡԭ߹ĶͿµ޸ӵĿ¡
ԭޱȸ˵İ˿ͳôģζ˶Ƕ֪˵Щʲôˡ໥дôô˿ԴЩ벻ף˶ʤڸǿ׷Լ
ʯײ̨Ҷɨ˸ϵ̨Ūʯ顣ֳǹ
Ҷ̧˿е֣ǴһĨҫ۵ĽɫѪҶմ˻ҳϸ˶һ㶣Ȼ˿ޱȵİҲȻˡ
һһôĴۣȴֻҶʵˡҲ㹻ԺˣҶƴơеıӲǶҶʵ֮⡣ôǿһ֣ûҶˡ
ǿ⻹ǲóľʵɡҪʲôƨǵϷŲĻôⳡսҲ͵ΪֹˡҶʳǹƽ٣ңңָƯеİס
ҶʲµòҶʲûóԵʵҲûзĵƣһûаս¡ΪľνĹƽһսȻûʲôӣǰһǸ߰ġ
ܱȵҶʽǭ¿İһҶʻûз֮ǰȰԼĵƸ
Ҫ֤Լ֤ԼҶҶʵִţ˵ҶεҶΪεĿֲǰΪԼһҶһսʵ
ȷʵǿ񱻴˵һǿһС㣬߿ԼҲĶԴѾѹסڵƣһĴݵߵѾһƬѪСߣС׵ͷ
ȥúõɡϾеĳҸóơ˵ţȻķٴγ֡ڷʧˡ
ҲûƲ˼ϣԴСΧڣ㱾ͱҪԿЩҶ°ᣬڽš
֪㲻ðοңҲڳһʵ˵ڿشδû㹫ƽһսʵ׵ЦЦûκε
һѪǱޱȣ״ʱһ˹Ϣһķˡ
˻أҶʶ԰ָ߿˼֡˵ɣ֪ŮϾİ׷ʵ̫ˡ
ҪҶ֪Լһ仰ĺĻһտڲġʵ̫ùˣԼ˵һ仰ҪٶٵŮ˷˿˰
쿪˫֣ͷ뵤￪ʼ⡣ɫĹâһ˿һڳȻΧŰ׵ơƬ֮Ѿ׵Ӱˡ
һɫɢҫ۵ǲ۵ĹâĴգһ׳ɫɫĴ󵰸С


286 ıˣ
Ҷûгʱ򹥻Ȼ˵ҪðóʵȻ˵㻰顣ҶҪ밬״սһԭزĵȴš
ҶĸӦصʶңԶʶ˳ɫĴִںϽ˵С
һʶȻϸ΢Ҷʻڵһʱ쵽ˡȻΪʲôҪô˻͵Ϯףʶʮֵ΢ҲĴ⣬Ҫ˵ɱ⣬һ˿Ϣûеġ
һ˿ϸ΢ʶע룬ǹϸ΢ͣ
䡱һԿĳչ͸˹΢ĻζչšëÿһƬС״ȫͬëȫǴİɫûһ˿ɫ׵Ĵ⡣ŻŨĳϢڳлת
һչܹܵһֳϢڻɢûжþͰ̨еĿռˡ
ҶʻСĵĽ䱸ţϸĸһȻͷֵɢΪҶʸܵˣܸ˴־һеĸ״̬밬׽˼غϣȻ˵ҶʻܹƽЩļꡣ
صݣҶ»ظޱϲûһ˿Ĳ
΢ȶ˼֮ѾӦˣһչһԽ׵ĳ΢΢ŨĹʼеĹעһԿĳУһԳӵ죬ÿһƬëŨԪתǶѾ⻯Ԫˡ
ꡱһεҪ࣬ǵǱôڲѿˡ˴ɫԪҲһԾ޴ĳյˡ
ѿ¶ڲİסʱİеƶ޸ˣϾ޹ûǰսսܺǰܣ»ظ˹ž޲״̬ǳսȴôβסġ
˫İͷɣ˫ĿʵԵĽ⣬ҶϵĽⲻͬ׵ĸӵĴ⣬ӵһЩҪһȾѪİ£ʱֱǶԷŪɻøŮӵ
ۣıˣҲ֪˭ͻȻһⱾϣޱ𺳵ɱ䳡嵭һЩһ˿Ļ
Ӵ˭ҡͻȻðһ仰꣬ϱʵʵôһ£ʹĴСС
û˿û˵ô㻹Сеģӵĵİ
Ҳԡ϶øӵļң˭ˣ˿ǻ۵İɡսҪսŹζ
žĹڻû˵ֽ꣬ʵʵİ˺üºݵģֻ֮һΪЩ˶ͬʱֵġ
׼ô׼ˣҾҪˡҶʶŰףЩԾԾԡ׼ȷ˵ǶŰһԿĳЩɻǸо
û˵ʼƽĶҶʣƽĵ˵ͷ
䡱ҶҲˣг˿ֲԪ춯ء֮ղֱ䰬׵ľ޴й֮޲һ϶µģһ֮¶ϵġһ׳ϢһӲӿʼ͸¶ϻ֮
ҶԭĵڣմȾĻҳ𿪣ֻظ˽ྻȾƬ𲻼
ҽһţǼʸһֱ׶ȥҶҪ̽̽ҲžԵţҪþǿƵܰס
ռз죬Ҷʽסձ
ãͷŸոҶʵͷȻһɴʹҶֱӱ˳ȥתվԼ֮ǰڵĿУȭͷҶ
һھ棬ûнŹȻĻҶʻҪٽʵʵİôüȭġҶЩĺ󱳣֪õʲôʽԪޱȣֱӷֳƣ״Ҷʺ󱳵Ѩ
ȻûиҶʲôʵԵ˺ҶʸоĵطЩԣ⻹ǵһ˻޵֮һĳƺſɲǰģҪô׾ͱˣҲôպյˡѪһ壬ֵԪȳ⣬ظԸж
Ҳüͷû뵱˻ԵˣǿҲˣ˵⡣ĸӦˣǱԼҶǱԪŽ˳
չѣҲδ̫дˡ׾ĵȴǲûпҶ¶󣬿ѵ
ˣ嵽ܵʲôĳ̶ȡҪܲˣȻչġҶҡҡͷܾˡ


287 ÿжһħ
ı㣡ЩŭоҶʿˡĵģȻҶĶԴ
ԭٶȾͼޱȵİףʱٶȿ˵ֲһµ̨סҶɣ˳İͬ׵Ĵٶȿܲˡ׻ҪһЩϾļٶֱߵ죬ƾԼĲܺܺõĵԼƶ켣
˫ģֱҶʳҶҲ룬ȭŰ׳ķ˹ȥնҪҶһȭˡ
Ҷʵȭͷа׵ʱȴûУһȭǴ޻ϡ׵廹ǰ壬ȻҶʾһֻȭͷҪҵʱȴǻǰġסˡ
һɴҶʱߵһΪʲôأΪҶȷһιӦǽšΪʲôûп֪ǽأҶʻش㣺ϻоЬ׵ķ·ˣǽְ̻㿴һ˵ֻᴩЬӵġ
һǰ׹ģȭͷģǰ׹ýҶһ¡ΪľҪһڶǰҶСˣҲҪҶһɫ
ʵҶʾȭҵʱ򣬰ѾվҶʵǲǰ׹ٶȣҶʵǰʵԵĲӰҶʺͬʱ̧Ҷһ¡
ҶʾͱԼľа׵һŵ߳ȥԶ
ҶѸٵĿסǰ壬ѸٵתһȭԼһ˶ĽɫȭͷǰȥҲǻһʵԵĲӰȭӡȥƲʵʵĺ̨ԵĻ֮ϡûֶھҵĻζ˸𲻶òײȶ
ͻȻоԼļҶҲ롣ұۻûջأԭȭɨȥ
ӰӰǲӰҶʶҪˣˣһȭǺ˿УɢһӰ׵½Ƕû
ʱҲͻȻһɾҶʲŸоҲֱһšҶʺɨûסҲֱһɴ˫ֶҶʾһһԭת
׸ԶԶգĿתҶʣûмڳ֣ϷʵĹâ
һתʮȦӣҶתŵͣͣҶʵָζΣǺƵ
Ҷҡҡͷ˻žúһЩԴеѣθʧˡ
ˣҡҶŭˣתվԶԶģһϷİףޱȵķŭ
ʲô˼ҪֱõôϷˣֵô˵˴ҶϷˣ˵ģԾбҶϷŪĶҲ٣Ҷʸ˵Ū޹Ҳ١
Ҷʻǵһ鰡ȻԼϲϷŪ֣һαϷŪĶԼϷŪ˵ĶԼĶ֣ȫĵһתİҶʴܲˡ
ˣôôֻ֪ǺԼƣ˶ֶѡϴŵЦ⣬ЦޱȵĿģ¶һڰ
ʵ̫ˣһһֱһıʾˣȻ˵ԭԸҲûҲûоñŤǿҶԼóŪˣºǺܿĵӡ
ҲҪԵ뷨Ǻܿıô뷨ѹȥ
ʵǱҶʸòУ֮ǰ൱ǱҶʸһ١֮²飬Ȼԭʱ־ôļ򵥡
Ȼ˵Ҷ˵ûʲôʵԵ˺ǰˬˡ֮ǰһɢ˴ġ
㡭ѧңҶһ£ڵͿˡ
밬׵ĽӴҲһʱ˵ģ֮ԻԸԸȫͬİ׽ӴΪȻƽյҶʿ˵ˣǰ׵ǷģԹģǿԼװġ
ȻҶʲͬ׵磬ǲ԰׷Уʱ밬һҲǺܲġϾƽʱӴĶǹ龫ֵˣʲôذڳһİ˿ǡżζǺеġ
ڵİףȫͳҶʵ֪ҪȻôĵǰ׵Ϣû˿ĸı䣬ҶʶΪⰬǲǱԼˣͻȻתˡ
ÿ¡˿Ҳɵ㶵˵һ䣬Ű׵ޱȵĴ͡ڰ˿ӡУҪ˵һЩʲô԰˿˵ޱǶ԰˵飬һ䵷ζԵĻû˵ġ
ʲôѧ㡣ҵ˵㣬ȻƣҲôһı顣
ԣԡҶɵ㶵ģ밮˿һޡֻ˵ÿжһħͿƵסˣҶֻôˡ


288 ôģ
Ҷ侲Ű״һ
Ҷʱ۾ٶȸϣ۾һжõģʶķӦˡԪǳˮһţȻѸٵⱻָСΧ̨еĿҲҶʵĽɶ̨ϸŵĳˮ
ʲôѾѧˡȻ׹ŸóĽĸĿľǸҶʵģǰ̻ȻּʵóΪʵ̫˰ɡǳȻϸ΢ܹĶ˶ɫһ䣬ʮֵѿŶԹŸҲ˺
ԣҶӦǲġϸӦֻǿĲҶЩƶѣûʵԵáʶ˵ԼͬĿ
ҶʵȻǲʲô߻ģҪǻĻҶʵӣ綼ڰ׵ʵˣﻹ˽ıﵽڡֻҶܵ˵߻Ĵ̼һ취ѣڲģ⳱ϫı仯ͽΣûκεĹ˵ûκεãڴʱҶȴñκεطҪá
ܹӦϫеİȻҲܹӦġޱȵͣһε׵ʱԶɢˡûκεĹľͺǳˮһ
ײҶʵҪʲô˰ҲûеȵҶʵĹҶʺͻȻһˣçײޱȵ˱侲ޱȵˣôվûֺȫ
Ȳڰ׿ٳҶ˫ļΣֱ㶵Ҷʳ˹ȥ
˶鲻ԽľָϽס͡
д˰Ȼ۾ܵٶȵƭǱ۾ʲôˣϾǲ㡣侲ķţҶ뷨ȻãЩдˡ
ս״̬Ҷ˵ĺˣҶҲǲȥκεĸıġ
Ҷһεİֱӳ˹ģһȭҶʵ沿һʵޱȣõģıóѵЦݶΩΩФһġ
Ҷʺ۾˾Ϲһǰİײܲˣ˶Ϊһ亹
ǰİһȭǴҶʵϣǿҵľҶʴԵͷԺ󡣲ԤеƤӵȴûзһסһ͸Ҷʵ壬ı䵭ʧˡ
ҶҶʵжϺȲʣҶһȭմ
顱һ죬һӰ˳˳ȥ
׽׵˫ĴΣŻǺľ˦˦ЩұۡȭͷϣһĺӡǱҶһȭġ
ôġɫЩѿҶٶȻô죬ȴ׽ԼӰˡ
ҪȻˡôҶʼû۾ǹһĨЦݡȻ˵˵ĻܰѰ׸ǻǽ˰еɻͬʱҲǴ󲿷еɻ
Ԫתٶȼӿ죬һ޴ķ䣬һһеĲҲӴˣǳϫҲôǰԶԶĵطųϫôھںĳϫˡ
ԭˣȻйġŵĳϫһԼβһ£ȻҲ˲ˣ¶һĨЦ
Ҳ֮ǰҶʾ˵˵ģٶٿ죬Ҳ޵ķΧڵģٶȵܵЩơҲ˵ƶڰ˵пޣΪûõ׵塣
ǶҶ׵ӰΧռ˵ЩƾܱҶ޵󻯡ռ䶼ͬϫһڲһŶɵĲÿһռ䣬ͨʶĸǣĸӦһطĽ౻ұƻˡ
۾Ȼ˵ϣᱻƭʶȴεĲ׼ȷĲ׽׵λá
Ѿ֪׵λˣҪа׶Ҷ˵ʵ̫ˡҪⶼУҶʸɴõԼĨˡ
ȻִҪڵ״̬սҡôҲͲ˽ˡҾ֪ҵʵԶԶܹսʤġ侲һȻ󻺻³뷨
ɡҶԭزӾβɢٶȣӿ˽ࡣ
˫һ͸峺ŵһԿĳ⻪ʢŨɫϼɢ
ޱϲǰһҲʲôֱӴʧˡ


289 ʹ壡
ͨʶĸӦǰӰڿٵĽӽҶҲ룬һȭͺ˳ȥ
䡱һ졣Ҷʻûüһɫ䡣ݺݵײȥҲʵʵײһӲȭͷϡ
⻹û꣬й̼ܵҶ嶼˼Ƥ񡣲ڵޱȵĹ죬ֳȭǰ䣬󶥡Ѿǲƽˣ˫۶ûջûа취ٴι
ҶһţҲ˳ȥͬʱϽĿʼջ˫ۣӦԽĹ
ҶʻûüҶһֹҲоϮͬʱ׵ҶʵҲ˳ͺҶԼ˵ȭͷϴչȥһ
Ҷûˣ˼תԪס壬ٽҪܵ˺
顱һȭʵʵĴҶҲļϣҶڵԪ˶ݵ͡ԴͷƻˣԭһನͻȻԪˣһ޴ĺը˿
ҶǱ޴Уֱ̨䡱һ죬һֱ̨˴롣
һϵе鶼գ۾ǼʱȺ任ηλεĹⶼ˿ġ̨ϵ̨һЩŵǸŵĳ档
ֻҶǰҹΣԼƲסҲ˵˹ȥȻǱҶҲİ׸ʵʵĴˡȻͿҶɵԼԼˣ׸̨С
顱ѵ̨ʯÿһ鶼ſֲľ޲ſ䣬ס̨Ͽա
˫ǰ죬ĳѰ׵嶼СʯʯȺһܼĺڰ׵ĳϡŨİ׹תеʯ鶼ûнӽףŵİ׹۵
Ҷʯĺ棬һһϵĽɫԪŨޱȣĻһɫҶʸС
ɫǻһ㣬췢һһðڵԪһͣܿıһԽ׵ĳˡ
ʯȫס׹ɫһַ̨ۣɫ̳һƬ
׳չΧʼǸɾûһ˿ĳ
˫һһ΢࣬ɢҶԾصһ˫һģͻȻΥǰ塣Ũİ׹ס׵ȣ͵İ׹״͸ɱ֮׵쵶һƬѩĵâص˽ɫʺ
ԪĽɫɢ¶˱еҶʡһȥƲӸµģǰٺ׹ص̤Ҷʵš
Ҷ˫ֽ浲ס˰һšϳٶȸ˵档涼ҡһ¡һ̨ڱȫƻˡ
Ҷޱȵ˷ܣƾһζԾҶоֵˣһûаǰҶʲս˻ЩǲȫʧˡȻҲҶֽ̼Уǻûйۿ˼ҵĶԾˬ
һ̳Ҷʸѹȥ̨飬ֻʣһֵĳ³˴ҵǰ
ҶʻɢŽ⣬̳Ժ̨֮ϡ
ʲôطôֲһûм˿µطҶţͷϿյİףʵ
Ҷ˵ʵûм˿µط𴫳иĿռطҲûôµĹЧΪطȻֲҪĲϼܷӳǿҶҲֻǶһƤë
ǰףԾǱԼѹŴġ󳤳һԳƿǶʱ򣬾ͱˣս˺üȽסʶ˺ֲܿ
طʣʹ壬ֻһʡ˵Ҳǰ͡Ҳûв˽ֱӸҶʡΪҶʻΪǶ˵Ĺϵ̫˽⡣
˶붼Ѿ˲²⵽ˣʱȲʲô쳣ʣϸļءÿ˶֪ģΪԣһԳ
кڵа׵ģҲϢģҲȫԵޱȳ˸Ϣġ˵еʹתʱ˼䣬ΪǰޱȵǿǰıԴ𣬱ļ̳ʡ
Ŷͣô˵Ҷһ£֪Ⱜ׶˵⣬ôԼй
ϴһս˻屾Դ̼żǱѪȻûƲ⻹ҪϼŻѡƽ˵


290 
Ҷʲ֪˵ʲôˣֻܹⰬԵ
ٴμϷˡñܵԸ磬Ϊɷ˸Ų۵顣õͷǰ
һΪطΪͬط㡣Ҫ֪ʣҲŲôɵıѵ˵ҶʿΪԼţһͦӵս
ȻҪչһ£Ҿͳȫ㣬Ҳ뿴ʵʲô˵ĵطҶҲףġ
һƬõ绺Ҷʵ˳Ϊϴ໥̼Ľһε翴Ҫӵʵ˼֡
ҶЯһƬһƬصҪ԰׽гͷ
ҲˣϾٶȼҶȻչ󣬵ǲûٶϵ׺ֱӳҶʵ
Ҷֵ죬˵ҲǲٵģǾźֵû˭ܹ˵סײóȻǰ۳һɫĺĳǹһҫ۵Ĺâһ⣬ݺݵҶʵĺ˹ȥ
ҶûκεķӦһ㣬ǰšɫĳǹȽӴƬɫ
ҶûеԶ˫ۣԭû˼еʱоȻЩĹ⻪һ˿鶯
Զ𣬾¡һӲӵĽֱг϶£һƬƵĹĻ
ɫǹֱһΪûһ˿һ谭ǱаײˡȥƲ˰׵İ߳
׾һ亹ոҪٶȿ죬Ӧ죬ֱڵһʱͷԣϵǹ˵Ļһ¹ƾͲôˡ°Ű߳Ҫһ
һ󶴣ǰ͸˴ѪꡣǿֲĽȻɢˣǰԵĽɫ總֮һ˿ڴմȾڼƻš
üǳ򲢲ʲôԪģһ֡ҲԴȪһµĹ׳˸ܵǿҵʹ֮⣬ʧĸоɫЩ԰
Ԫźǿ޸ϵĳ˿ڵĽý˺ѿ˼˿֮ǱɢˣҲµѪ⣬ĸԭˡ
ҶͣתŰסƬɫʼҶʵ֣ҶתҲҶһŰסеԶҲ˫ۣûκαĶŰס
˸㣬ܵΣգеһжܹԵУҿƵġΣսӽҾͻṥԲʲôӾϵǡҶҲһ£û뵽Ȼͬ׵˸ȥԼ
ǰ׵ԴȪص˻ҶʵıԴǿ֮⣬˻һĵط˵Ƭеġ
밬׵ĳЩͬǣ׵˫᲻ĶԵУֻиáҶʵйģȻҲеġ
Ҷʸո˵꣬ûеȵ׵Ĵ𸴣ǿ׵Ӱˡԭ׳ҶʷʱֶҶʷ˹
аٴγҶʵһεǧӣ쵶ſµĵâҶ˹ȥ
ౡһԽһֻɫïܵĹľг˳˫˸ź⣬Ű׵Ľ׳˹ȥҪָ¡
ԶһԽʱռ䣬ǰסҪ𽡣ٴ˼ԶΪŵͷɻľС
һԶָ֣ʳָָɽݺݵǰȥ
һεĽĴ׳磬ֱ䰬ס
״󺧣һֻŤת˹ֻͬʱһǿֲĵâǰĽ˹ȥ
ϡ뵶âײ޵ȴ˵ײǵâȻͬޣǰױûдɱɱ
ԶǰѰ׵˵ˣָǺ顣
âӦˣСһĽȻ磬ȥƲȻŰ׳˹ȥ
׶£˫ᣬ׼Ӳһһƿն̨СһԵסǿֲĽ
ԵҲײŷ˰ףһץС
ЩãȻĿеԵ̧ͷ죬ʲôûп
ҶҲЩ㶣תÿԵƿնľҶŵģҲֻңԶʷһѱûпǴġ
Щ춯ԶȻҪԼҶѹסˡ


291 ̫
Ҷʶ£еһ춯ҶЩԾоһֱܵĵԶϴҶҲûϸ롣
֪ôģһԵҶҲܵĸеЩˬΪչʾģֲľһԵʡҶʾǳĴԿͺͬԵҲЩܵĲˬ
ˬ鲻ˬɲԶĹ°׳ܲס
ϴһѳǹȻ׼˰ô֪һսġУⰵҲ̫˰ɡҶʿˣԵӦòǰ׼õģԵϷŰסǳǹָľǱϵǱʿǹˡ
ߣҰһǹģʲôһҶʵĳԼҺǲ
˵ԶɵеԵȷʵȰҲҪǸӦһ¡ԵĴСúʣޱȵķܸܵɱսһء
ҶҲԵЩûʲôԾǹӵĵӲԶһ罣ֻ˵ԵĲʼӲˡ
еԵǲǾĶԾΣԵʵһжǹҲѾչˣ㿴ΡҶʶŰеԵƬ̣
ԵĲҶʿóƨҪǵֵһ˲䣬ԶŽǱܵ춯ҶҲͰһѼЩЩĴˡ
ãд⡣׽˽յ֣Ƭ̣Ȼ͵ͷӦˡҲҶ˵ʵҶչ֮ǰƾ˵ٶ͵ϮҶʵ
أոҲԹˣ͵ϮҶʵԼҲڡҶʳֻ˼棬Լײֻἤıܿ񱩹ţܹƿҶʵ󡣵֮ͬУҲֻܹҶʵƵˣҲǰ롣
УҶ˵ҲԼٶǺܿ죬쵽Ҷʶϣ쵽Ҷ׼СĵĽ䱸ǻᱻ͵ϮôأԼûɱ⣬ͶҶɲʲôʵԵ˺
˱Լռ֮⣬ײûҶʲôʧٵһᣬҶӦԼٶȣǵҶ˿Ƶİ취Լͻӵܡ
ȥûʲô壬Ҷô飬ҲʹӦˡԵеĿֲɱ⣬ҲܸҶʴС鷳İɡ
˼һǰҵķڵԪƬ֮˫ۣᵶͳҶʡ
ҶҲûʲô͵Ϯ飬ڰ׵ʱҶԭزûҪһֲ
ȶȻ˵û˿ֲļٶȣҲǿޱȡͳ嵽Ҷʵǰ
һŤԵת⣬¶бöȥŵĻ߷ߣ˻Ӱ˵ʶǵ̺ĿֲɱϯγʵԵĵâ
ҶʶžԵţΪ׵һܹ˵Լһ˫ȭȭ΢΢ȻѸٵȥ
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ԵһҶʴײ˻ȥʼԵס޴ķһתԭתһܣⷴ˹
תһܣ󻯵ʱԵԲص϶µб˳ȥ
ҶȭͷϸǵĽɫԪǱԵĵâпҶһײ֮󣬷ȭͷֻһİ׺ۣŷ
⵶ȻŹ֣ǻûеĳ̶ȣҶʵĲ뷶Χ֮С
׳ֵתһ֮еԵһĽǶҶʸոշµȭͷ־Ҳŵһȭ˹ȥ
ϡΪй̽ҶһȭҲ͸׺ݡɫȭͷնǻ˿
ԵҵĲ˸İֶûסԵоҵţҪˣ׸ϽҲ˳˫һͬסûҶʵһ֮£Եַߵ
˫һ֧һ㣬ûκεƶһԳƽ⡣Ҷʸǿײ֮£ԶһεѡװٶȣѸٵķתͬʱһ


292 һ
ײϵҶʲϵĻȭһδεļӴðײϵתһһ
еĳתΧһʵԵĵâˡд׳磬ʱתŵİסһˣʧСпֲĵâʱĴֱҶʶȥ
ҶʲдˣԶԶˡҲĳֹһ׳֣ͻ⵽һĿ籩ʹ
Ҷ˺ǰЯŵâҶʲơǰҶʶĻᡣ
ҶˣǰưױԼһڻ򡣿ưޱȵҡʵҲǰ׹ģĿǰ׶εҶʻռơ׾ͽƾͼƣȵҶʷֵʱѾûа취ֹˡ
ǵ̺ſֲڲϵ׳ţ̨еһСΧϸܵ绡Ҳϵ׳ţѾϸˡϽ磬ΧһС
ײϵĲƣҶʲϵŲշתʼ籣һİȫ롣
вǵĳһֲĵâת֮ԸӿֲٶҶʳ˹εĵâϵתţһתŵļ׶ʱı任ŷλǶȵޱȡ
Ҷõֳȭ΢صǼ׶ġ
ȭͷҪǼ׶ĵʱǵâתļ׶ͻȻת˷ΧҶʵֱתǳҶʵš
Ҷʴ󺧣ϽֵסӡǵâҶʵһҶʵĶ䴩˹ȥһƱڵĺڷڿз衣
Ҷʿֱۣϸܵĺɫֱۣܲ״ֱۻۡҶü⹥Ҫǿһ㣬¾ܹԼ˿ˡ
ҶʲдˣڼԵй춯ǱҶʸѹס˵Զ˳
ϸĸӦһ£Ҷʷ춯֮⣬Զһûʲôĵط
ǰһĵâǴһкһҶʷųԶʱ򣬸ĵâתŷ˳ԪҶʳ
ҶʽּΣȭͷҪǵâϵʱǵâܻޱȵֱתϡ
Ҷ׼ǵתŶĵâһֻӲӵָ񵲿ˣû֮ǰǱӡ
ҶˣԼʱȻֵѹܸı䵶âתнǶȣŸֱ۾ͳ
׹ͼ˺ܶࡣֹâ׼׼ȷɢ˸ոֱ۵ĵâ
ʵĵâϸĵɢ
һºǼŭ˰ףܼĵâҶ˹еĴִҶ˹ǽ׵ĳ͸磬ӷ͸¶˳Ϊľת׵ĳҲһƬǵصҶʶ
ҶɫˣҪĹҲҪһƤǾתŵҲͻȻ٣Ҷ˹
Զǰ壬ҶϣҶһСʱҶʻԶſԽʱռս
յȭʳָĴָرԴ֮ԪֱֵӴ͸˽Ҷʵָ֮š
ҶһϸСĽâԶԶԵʱôʵʵʻ񽣡ʱҶҲûиܵ׵ɱȻҪ밬ƴʴֻͷ˿ϸһơһʵ˵ǽеǿֻ˵һƽˡ
ٴ춯ɻ˷ɳΧҶתҶʳеøӵĲ½ڵ
ҶҲŰ׳˹ȥѡӲûж˼
˿ͷᵽɤۡʲôҶѹ뷨綼ûˣҲԼĸ˵ҶʡСȭͷ߬ģǺˮȴԾ
ذ˿˶ûʲôŨĽ飬ǶûʲôϸȻҪǿǿʵ̫̼ˣ̫ˡ󲿷˶ò
˾ҶʻǿȥġҲоðʵ̫˵ģҶʰʯͷԼĽţ൱ԼԼˡȻҲٲˣ֧֣ϣܾ˵ġ
У˵ٶȶ˼£ʵ̫ˡգ۵Ĺײһ
Ǵ׳粻ʱҶʵϣҶΧɻһͼֱӵ׵ǵâҲ΢һӴ͸ķ
һƬĵܼĽ𲻶ϵĻҶΧͼϣüζѹŵͼҶʵϣȴûκε˺


293 ٰʹ壡
Сƨ֪ʳ̨ıԵһԿŻ֣±˵һιѿˡ˵Ŀ⵽˰һˣ˭ûȥΪСƨ
ҶϵͼȻûб飬ǲϵǿҹ£Ѿڿٵİˡ
Ҷʲԥһ˿ϸСâ̧¡
ҶеĽâʵ̫ڵϸС͸ģԶö֪Ҷʵһ¿ƮƮĹʲôáѵǱ׸ɵˣ˼άˣںҵĳô
𺳵һĻˡϹӶܹӦпֲ磬˵˶ܿ硣Ҷµһ˲䣬ԶʼֱһΪѿˡ
ĿֲԪ޷ά΢ƽ⣬ֱֳը˿̨ˣһʮĴӡ
ҪСƨԼӳ֣һ¾ҪûƿΧսĵͽʿҪ˲һƬˡ
˵ΧǿĲҲⲨˣûˡУҶʲһ磬˵Ŀס˿ֲನױʹ˵ƽķ۴˫ǰ죬סԼ壬ȻҲûԵ˺ۣһɫĳ򣬹âЩˡ
Ϊ̨ĵһĶԾʹ˽ʱ䷢ֱһδƽһ
Ũɫâ͸ֱʣѹסһУΪؼΨһĳҲ˿ٵİʧˣɫ԰׵˼¡ҵҡһ£ʱĿסˣǿƯڿС
ǵɫĹâûоʹʧڿٵؼͬԪѸٵ׳
ʵԵĹٴڸ߸ߵٴγһöѵޱȣ˴۵İ׹⡣
Ҷһ㶣»һޱȵİסЩףʡ
סҵǰ׶εǿһޱȵ˵ǻޱȵڴĿеİɫ󵰡
ǸɫĹ⵰ޱȵľ޴󣬸Զ۲죬һ˴С
⵰ҵҡţܼƱ鲼ϣڲ͸ǿҵİ׹⣬ҫʧɫֻʣɫһƬ
ꡱǺȻ顣һͨɰ׵ľ¶˳Ԫɡ
ǵгľò밬һģһֱǰ׵ķ档̫ھ޴аɣĳҲӵĿҲнӽɵĳȡ
ޱȵãڿٵԪ׳Լ
Ƭ̵ĹϰѾޱȵʵˣøӵҪǰ׾ߣҶʶͻȻİˡ
ܵƿǶӰĴ̼ҶڽɫĻѪڣڿٵĳšһʵĽ⡣
ɢͬ¶һӰӰ̫ãΪͬӴԵʣܹµıϳҶʮֵơ
˶ĿҶʡʹһܹԪ壬Ǻܶ˶֪ġǲ֪Ϊ˻ҲС
ҶҲһ㶣˸ܹܲܵõǾ޴Ԫʹûκε־ȫǰʩչطʱ־ж
ҶڳӰҶʸоԼȫԼƵġӰпһУޱȵķӳҶʵԺС
˶ĽǶȣеĽɫӰǹһĨЦݡ
ҶҲҶʵĻҶʻģɫӰҲܹʩչġתطֲԪǽɫӰϯһա
Ȼ˵עУ̧ȣһžǰ˹ȥ
ǻǺʵʹ塣
˶Ծļн˫ȣ˫صɲһɡ˶ⲻʲô˽ʲôѡʲôˣʩչĹʲôġһȣôôֱҶʵ硣
ʹɲһţӲӵն߱ˣ¶һڵĴ󶴡
ǻûȫʵʹԱԪٶȿʼɢİɫ㣬µС
ֻһưɫ⻪ƿʧʣصŻǰױʱҶʸܵ첨
ǽɫӰҲʼҶʵڡ
һԵıޱȵİףһ˫һڣͷ³һѪֱ㶵ĵȥ
ҶʸոջعûüղŵͿѪİס
Ͻһץס˰ףķɳ̨ķΧ̨ѾӣҪǰ׾ôȥ¶ᱻˤİɡ
Ҫǰ׾ôˣ¾ͻǵһˤǿˡ


294 ￴أ
ףôʧô˵ĳס̲סЩ͡
ԣ׻ûаܡҶʶˣҪǻĵشδûһսҲ˷ţŰײûսܣֻǵƶڰײ
ôҶʵǿƱ֣ҶҪǻһĵشľһսô׵ĹҶ˵ͲֻҪҶʵΧҶܹģοҶʵĹô
Ҷչʱ򣬰ײûгԹ͵ϮҶʵĺ󱳣ȴҷԼ
Ҷָڿشһս˵ڿشܹܡôܣǾǰ׿ʼҶʱֺԶľ룬Ҷ׷ϣȻܻܰ׵İɡ
˶Щѹ֣ʵǲ֪ҲΪʢ֮µߡǰ׾Ͳͬˣսǹϵĵһǿߡǰ׵ʹѣȵʵսǵһ˵һѽΡ
Ƹ۵һԪʹûȫʵͱҶͬ˼Ĺʽ߱ˡ
뵽˰׵һҲȻ뵽Ҷսһô˵أ͡ǿƣȻЩĵĸоҲҶǽĻݵһеĵͳ嵭˲١
ȻˣѹҪڳһı顣ǻǻ̲ס΢΢һͬʱǻᷢﲻסĴЦ
Ѿ˹ˣڷԼҶʺᱧǰʱɫһڣٴε˹ȥ
׵ͳѹֵ˵
õġҶһ㶣˰Ѿ˹ҶҲͷһαһˣùһˡһɣǳֱӵľͰѰ׸ſˡ
顱ڵϷһ졣
ӴʹˣǱǹ˽𡣡ֱ˵ϣøһʯϡҪƽʱνȫԪľʵʵʯ˴ܽӴѰ׸ʹòС
ⲻҷſôôֹˣҶޱȵίһκᱧ˿ġ˰˿ĸ簬ףԼһүôһеıΪˡ
˰׵Ļˣ׸ˡҶʾԼίֱίʱҪί
磬û°ɣ˿ϽС˹ֲİסݺݵİҶһۡ
Ҷʸӵίˡ֪ԼҲװŲˡǰ˿ԼҰæѹôҶѾˣôҰۿ
Ҷ磬Ҳǵġôôصأûʲô𡣡˿Ⱜףֵʵ
ԩûСȾʹһ£Ȼһֱҵģһߵģ·ŪˡҲԼģҿûҶһƣϵıҪô޹жô޹
㻹Ʊ磬ö˵µ֣жôĳ𰡡Ȼսˣ黹ǲģŰ˿ĻƤҶʡ
㣬ҶߵĸҶ滹ûô㣬۸Ҷ硣Ҷʻûпڷ˿ֿˡһλһתְҶַˡ
ױҭһ£죬ʲôû˵׳ԱҶǸʹ찡˵ùЦ
ܰҪҪˣȥϢһ¡˫һҪȥ˿ôȥأϵӴˣѰ׷һרϢ
ҶʱΪԼ̫ݣС˵˰ˡԭĵİ׻ͷԼǹ˵Ц⡣Ҷŭˣ׺ݵĻص˹ȥ
ӴӴʹˡ̴С
˿ȻǱ׵ʹˣתͷűԼŵĸ硣ȴְ׻Ťͷֻ˰˿һסתͷ󣬾ͷҶ׺ݵĵԼĸ硣
˿еӣ΢΢üëЩĶҶʡ
ҶЪˣʲô׺ݵı鶼ˣһֻбԿЦ
⡣һ۵ҶʵĶС
Ҷһ㶣תͷȥȴûзʲôӰҶͶ䣬ΪԼʲô
ιιιСӣ￴أ棬档۵ٴδһεЩ
Ҷѭʾ˹ȥŷһһСкվԼߣСƨ߲ŵҶʵϥλãҲѹ֮ǰҶûзˡ


295 Ǹӣ
һ˵˭أԭûеӸߵСƨҶˣСƨֻǳǳëԴë׵ģ
Сӣ˵˭СƨأСƨЩĵҶԴֵ֡һСӵģȴ˵Ļġû˾Сƨޱȵľ
˭ҳСӣҾͽ˭СƨҶûְСƨԴ࣬һ
СְҶʵĵҶʵСƨַȥࡣһִⲻһִҪ˽һȻСƨˡԶԶҶʶԶ֣ǶþѹҶʡûʲôСƨҲҶˡ
дܳŴСƨϵ߶ţҪԴԼЩ
СƨϹ߶ʲôءСӾҪСӵӣŻдϲ㣬Ż˰㡣ҶСƨôһ¡
ҶСӣ㻹ű˰Ҹ㼱˰СƨˣüŪ۵ģҪһ׺ݵģһްСӣôüŪ۵ĶóɷӣǿޱȵĿɰ
ûûСġǸСӵӱսǵԺսСƨɡҶͲµСӵݣٴСƨôһ¡ûбСӵŵ
㻹˰սŭˣһץסҶʵֱۣ߾Ǻݺݵһڡ
ӴҵҶʻûпڣСƨٴοˡɿҶʵֱۣ˫ӣһơ
Ϊʲô˲ˡҲ൱ĺӣøĺӡһСƨҲûʲô˵ɣʲô¡ҶʿСƨćЦš
ղŻѹסıܷӦȻĻͻȻܵСƨ׵ʵôԪҲҪһݵġȻҶҲСƨҲûмݡ
ҶСӣεĽǹĵ߻طһʹ˵ġŸʱ̨ĽҲ϶õҪ͡Сƨӣʹʧˣſڵ˵š
װ˰С㡣ж͸ˣΪʲôǫ́ĽҶ̧־СƨԴһ£Щ
ҶСӡսǵʧôĴ󡣾ͲøĽ̼´ҵ鰡Ҫ֪ǴŻģսҪεġСƨҲǷŰۣһսǵƻܵӰľ
ҪǲӦأҶЦĿСƨԴһ΢Ц
Ūһӡһ£ϵĽȫ͹ˡңģǸոչŸ˵ġСƨһ£סԴ΢΢Ų˼
ãҴӦˡҶʱûʲôȵõõһģѾԼˡڼϱҪμε̨Ǿ֮Ͷѡ
α滹СƨӻǷһ顣ǲᣬҲȫ֣֮ҶȻûʲôġװСƨϵôһ¡
СƨҶˣֱǸ۸СӵŰֲСƨΪʵۼҶʴӦСƨһеʯͷˣתˡ
Ҷʲ²ĲȻСƨʵˣͷǾԶˣǵûжãֻຢͯ˻СԡⱻҶһŪͱҶסˡ
СƨԶȥˣû޸Ѿӵ̨˵ûκεѣʲôҶʰϵнҶĻǹŸ˵ġʱСƨǳĻ˹Ÿһ䣬һöҶҪˡ
Сƨһӡ³һƬ·̨
΢Ĳ¡¡졣һӲʯϳƿʼȥһոµ̨Ѹٵγˡ
ϢģҶʸո밬״սһҲûȥսĴ㣬Ⱥ˵һгϢҲսߵķӦתͷϢװ˿ķ˹ȥ
ҶŰ˿ȥӴȡһ·߱ϴ
ԶԶľͿ˰˿ЩЩ롣սҲΪҶʵ̬ЩЩ֣û˿ʲô
ҶʱܵΪǰ˿Լȥ̫ˣڼҪ԰˿ӻ֡
顱һ죬ͷһСҶʱҵ˵˵ϡ
ϡ˵ϡ
Ҷһ꣬Ǹӣ


296 ߴĲ
Ҷˣڽ˵Ӧǵڶˡһ밬׵ĶԾзɳһԵԼԡﰬ׵һ
ʱҶֻǸоЩ֣û⡣ΪͨӦ˰׵ɹġǻҶʵĽܷΧ֮ڡҰԵҲԼȻôһ£ҲǿԵġ
ʲôԼû۸ʲôˡҲûκ˶Ծôžͷ˸ء
ҪǷһҲˣһӡֱԼϵġжĸԼЦôġ
һ˶೤ͷ޴ޱȣһľһĥ̡ϱ鲼ŻƣЩɣʷо
ҶһԾӵŴץȥֳģҶʹƴˣһӻûץӴŰĴ󴸸ץµһģӵӡۡ
⿴ôĴӣʵǳޱȡҶʴµĹ£ĶǧЩǿ󣬾Ҷһ츳ʵǿġһͨʿľò˫ֿ¶ãҪ˵ץŶԵʹˡ
ͨʿܾܲѴȲ˵ץˣûҵ¶ȰԼ˺ˡĺ˭ʹô
ʲ֪ʲôʱѾܵϢ͸ڰ˿ˡĿҶʱҵ̣ЦòУᶼҪˡ
һи˾Ҷʵ̫ţˣһӣôӲŸҶʵǿƱ֡Ҷֲ֧ڵϷš
˿Ͱ׾ĿɿڴҲʵĵ٩ЩҲ
ҶҲ˼ǵڲزסЦݣҲ֪ղԼֱǵЦˡĴ˼еĴӣǧĴҶʵоһľһ㡣Ҷʻ÷׶ж˾޴¡¡
Ҷʶ˹лʾƵûӶŴͷ˸ϽǵЦݡһеĶҶʣҪôжôĶ飬ҪҶǰ˼˵Цݣľͱ˸ƭסˡ
ҶֵܣְҶľֱϲҶŰ˿ȥʱһֿڶˡ
ǣҶһ¡ɻתһຩһͷɫ糤ģ׿ꡣ
ҶôͰҸ˰ʵ̫ˡ굥ָ鶯ǳĿšƫƫһźף˾öĺͷСΪίӡ
˵˻Ҷ۾һӲ˵Ȼ꣬Ҷʲϲ˵ʽ
ǲڳķѵʱһҶӡûҲǱҶʸҭһ£ӽ̫Ϥˣܿľܹƽ֣Ρû뵽Ҷʲһס
㰡еӡǸʿɡʲô¡Ҷ룬ôһˡҲûʲô飬֪ôԼˡ
ҶҶֵʵýֱ·תؼһһĸ֣һĿģֿʼϲƤӶķɿ죬ֱʵȶҪ
ƤӵĻҶʶֵĺգ˼ֱͿҪ޵ˡҪǣвļֱ˵ǲҪˣʲô˵˵˵ҶʶЩƮƮȻЩҲűˣЩ졣
ҶǺҲܿľͷӳ˹˵Լȥˡ˵˻
ǱҶʸҭһ£Щˡ
ģҿҶֵܸոյõһѱҶôӢµģ϶òģⴸҲ䲻Ҷô޵еʵİ͸СҰɣҿ۲ýܿĵԼ̬ǰԼеĿĸ˵˳
ȵĶҶʣ׼ȷ˵ҶеĴӣһڴͺɫ˾ɫŮһ
ţ㴸ҪӣֻдӲܳгʡȻʿô˰ɡҶʿȵĿ⣬Щġ
ҪôˣܶһѴӷİ˵Ŀ⡣
ͻȻбͲ˳۵ĴӸӵˣֱӶ˲ոնȥҶʾͺˣ᲻ãǱĵ˴ӵ֪ܲܳܵס
Ҳû뵽Ҷʻôĸɴ࣬û뵽ǱԼĵġ
ҶʶֵĴӣȡ־Ŵץ˹ȥȻҶʳԾĿУȵץסˡ


297 ׵ڴ
ҶʱΪᱻԼôŪһ¸ŪˣôҲҪǶϽ۵ġҶʱ򵥵˵ĴˣϾԼŪ
ǲȻһֻұ۾ͽסˡȻֵʱҲǰһ򣬵ǲܿľ͵壬ȵץС
ʹ׳ұۣǸӵĴ׳ˣ߸ߵĹ𣬳С
ҶĬĬĶŶԷֱۿһ£ȻٿԼġǰܵĵóһۣԷһֱۣԼֱ۴׳ǱԼĴȶҪ׳ˡҶʺܿľȻˣԼ˻ϸ첲ϸȵĶôԷôĽʵˣǿҲûʲôϡˡ
ȷʵͦʺİҾˣ档ۼûʲô飬ҶҲת뿪ˣһ仰ƮɢڿС
ҶͷҲص߿ˣ˲һԭץһѴ󴸣ޱÿŵָţǳĺĸˡ
СҶӣ˰ɡҶʿҪߵǰˣʷǳȵİһŵӵݸҶʡ
ҶҲֽӹ˾һߣһӵ
ЦĺܿұˣôĸôҶƣĶżˡ
˿һ޹̧ͷ죬ƶûһ䣬Ҳ֪ɶܿġ
ܰǿ㱻ң̫ԾˣЩ鴤Ծǳ鴤ؿڣĵ˵š˵ԼԼˣҶһʱ䳤ˣܵҶʵѹȣⷴӳٶȶˡ
ˣ顣׻ظĴ̬֮ǰ꼻һֵǸҵĸֵİûгֹһ
ţʲô¡ʲôʱˡҶʷŰۣԼÿһ鶼飬ֻõķЩڳˣһûа취ܶѡ
ʶôôãֱҶʵĺһشһֵĶҶʡ
ʶϴζϼһİѡôˣҶʾЩ֣֪ô
ȿȣܲܲҪһ顣㲻ʶôͰǴˣǴӦǰõԵ°ɡСôˣôϲһ˵ڳһΣһ飬Ҫˣû뵽ֱҶʸˡ
˵ҾԾʼûк飬ȻֻԵ㵲һ£ⴸֱӾһ¡ϲ͸ˣĵҲУ˵ҲáŸӾ;ù졣ҶʺʲôϲǲϲŶ԰ɡ
ûˡ˶þͻ֪ˡǸ˵磬ͶԳصĳҲôˡ
׺ڴ֪Ҷʵʱ򣬻Ǹʲôŵ
˶Ǹ߹սϢ˴ʱ䡣ҶǴעģֻս̨ϵһȺһս֪ҪһҪҶսеİţ֪󣬻᲻Ҷʣʵţ˻ڴ
˵սȻȴҲûа취սģ˸ոմսǲСôҲظ˰
Ҷʲȥܹ⡣ܲЩսͷ׵Ůʿ̨ʱ򣬰׿ǿȺŮʿƻ񣬻ȵð׶Щˡ
Ҷʱ䣬Ϣòˣ̨ҲüŲˣҲҶԼ̨
Ҫս˭ʵҶʵðײµҶʵĴ㡣˽鲻ǳֱʵҲ˾ðʧͻأ
͸ղǸɡ̨ϣҾô˳ĴȥҸոջĹңǸϲռ˵ˣҶԶԶľͿڰǿŵ̨ϣǽвվ̨ϡ
Һڴ͵ֱ֣ʲôʲôôҶʾͺͲˡҪҶʷˣ᲻ᷢ
׷·ѾҶһľȵĳԱģˡ
쿴ҶʺͰ׶ˡ߿ȥ̨ǰţһλãȥ
̨ˡ
ףҶôߡôߵ̨ǰˡ
ѵҪսô
ҶʺͰȺ۷׷סȿֺ˵̨ǰȥǷҶ·Լ̨ʱ򣬲ûͣתֱӼǰȥһֱԽ˰׵̨ڲ̨ǰͣ
ÿһ̨ǰĻ𱬲̨ͬǰһ˶ûСҲ泯̨ģǱ˹ġҶʾЩ֣ȥˡ


298 ħʦ
û˶ҶҲ÷㣬õˣֱӾͿȥˡȻҶһվҲûʲô˸Ҷ·̨µ˳˺ģôտĿҲҪһЩ
ҶֵҪӵô걾̨˯Ҷˣʱ
ҪӣҲҪӡҪһġҶһͷĺߣԼǻ˵㻰ô˵ˣҶؿڱ֤ԼԶǴûһȤ
ǾͺáҶǴҶʲҪشӵģһƨ
̨ô˵ҪսôһҲûСҶ̲ס˿ܣ̲סո̨¾Ҫʵʳˡ
ģֲ֪أղ֡Щ˼εͷ
ûϵһʩΪͺˡԽǿԽġҶһ£ԭΪĹϵߺǮġʵûмʵҶԸս˷ʱ䡣
ҶҲû뵽õһôĴ𰸡Ҷûк£ҲûκεĵǣʮֵĸˡµľֲǿԽǿҶʸеԽġԼһʧܣҲʮֲľ
Ҷʲ֪ǣսҲŷǳͷͷһ㶼ȰĳЩŻҪȰ׸ӵ
˵սǵһʿкĹıʵĻôսǵĵһӣֱҰ˵Ĵˡ
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ȵҶʱ򣬷ԼϢˡʾԵһŵϣź࣬˯㡣
Ҷ˰ϴһŮ
ҶŰͷŤһߣ˿סСڴŹУҲǸո˯ѵӡڸո˯ѣǳŴİ˿ɰˣҶ˴롣
ˡ֮ǰ˭͵ϮҵģѵǲͬôϲסҶĻԼǴ˲ȻʲôԴϣȻ˹ȥ
һ֮αкףҲʵǹƵˡһαΣȻͷ˷ǳ顣ǺԱҶʱܵľ뵽˲
Ǳء˿Ц۾״۾ڲزסЦ⡣
Ҷ˳Ű˿ָȥȻ׵ͷһĲһߡ綼ˣΪò̫ԶҶ˵Ľ̸ҲûзŵȻͱȫȫ˽ȥ
ҶʿȥʱÿѾָĲʱĲһĺ۾еĿҲޱȵϣ˷ս̬ȫһġ֪ԼЩʲôҶʿʱ򣬳ҶǸЦЦЦǣϵ˿ڣĳ
ҶʿĳޱȵϣĵĶԼҶһиеǸ⣬ԼҲܲ˵ģûǨŭҶʡ
ҶͻȻУԼԲˡôʵһˣҲΪԼȱݣŻսпƲסԼİɡҶĬ˼䡣
ҶеЩǸܿľʧˡߣɢſµʱһŭĶҶʣҶʰѲǲˡһ
ʵҲȷʵˡȻûаռеİߵĵ·ħʦĴ·ϡǾǲ츳񲻴ħʦΪеĳǶذмӡ
ǵĻ˵ǣǶ᲻ö𷣵ĲҶƾʲôôص֣Ҳ֪
ҶʵȻ֪һȺߵ뷨ǺݺݵĶԼȻҲص˹ȥüŪ۵ҶʰһȺ뷢׵߸Ĵӵ۵ġǳƵĲҶ֡
ߣԷһȺ߼һȻתͷȥٿҶʡҶǾ
ߣȻԼֻһˣҶʻصһȻǳŤͷҲڹ۲ǡ˲
ҪҶ֪һȺڹԼ˵ĻȻͲ߾˵ģָһȺߴŹ֡
ʲôгֳˣԼ˺òáʲôҪԼôء
ҶŤͷͿЦİ˿еЦŨˡҶ֪Լոյһɶ˿ˣεͷ˼ĳŰ˿ЦЦ
ˣҵĶأҶͻȻˣԼѹ֪ԼԵʲô
˿ԼŵĴȡһĶݸҶʡ
аϸ˫ץֱץһԲԲĶߣЩĵݸҶʡ
ҶʸϽֱӣֽ˹ϸһҶʲûҧԼͷǳԾ˵˿ǣ
ҲѹҶʻԾԲԲĶúһܵסһ˵Ĺʮֵʶ·Ҳ˿ϵַͼƴӶɵġ
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ҶҲǣôν˿ǡһҲûɿǼΣѹʵһ飬ֶڻ¿ǵʱոµĹڡ
ǹȺҶʼҶſƵĶôĳԾ
ôģҶһͷĺߣⶼǰǰ൱ڱαϮˡ
ʷġ˿ʵĻشš
ȻˣҶʸӵˡ쵽ô£ûȺôֵֹˡ
ͬһϽĸʻСĳ档ҶʻԵʱѾи̽ˡȻ˵ÿһ˵ϡ䱦ȷʵûʶǱУųΪĿԡ
ֻܹڣҶ˹ˡǣʲôǰûзֵǿߵĶƿˣڲŵԼɳѰˡ


305 ҿƤ
ڵһ˵Ҷ˹˵˵ҶʷŰ۵֮Աǣ߹ʺˣȫҶ߹ʺˡ˭߹ʺ߷ġ
ҶʺǻҪԼպڹ׵ʱԵˣǻ᲻ֱԼϡĻԼһͱˡҪ߹ʺô߷ģףȫ߹ʺˡ
Ҷʸӵǵڶ˵ӦǸǿĶƿˡ飬ǡÿԼԼķסˣż͵ķˡ
Ҷʵ˿˻رҶʰ۾ͻֻаˡҶޱȵǿ󣬾ͰѰ˿İ۵˳ݵİĽĿˣ̵ģ̹֡
Ҷ̵ץŶƣȻ˵ޱȵƣͬҲ̣вľǶ̫ˣ޷Сûа취һСԺڲˡ
Ҷ磬㲻Ϣһô˿ҶŶֺǺǵ̨˹ȥɻĿʵ
Ծʱû˵ҶҲ߹սơôڸոѹͼȥ̨ˣⲻҶķ񰡡
ţϢˡҸսȥ˳µֵĶƣûйô˳֡ҶͷҲص˵ħŶƾǰȥ
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˿Ϳɺ޶ˡѵԼһΣôӲĴӾи˹
һֻצӣǳԻ°͡ţҪںͱ˿ǳ´ҪעˣôףôľͰԼĸ¶˳ˡ
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ô֪Եһ¡֮ǰҪƵʱô˵İѵԼı鲻
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Ȼ֪Ҷʣ֪Ҷһʵ߹ɡˣĲԼˣԼ˭
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ҶʹȻǰ˵Ӱ׿ʼһֱ˳սȥѡһ̨̨Ϊ˴εĿꡣ
Ҷһ˹Χ۵ԶÿһͨҶʴкҶʸоõģٲôԼˡ
Ҷʴк̨ϵսҲսˣԶ䣬˺ת̨ʱøҶʡ
ҶҲսߵͷЦЦҲģͦص̨ŸĶƣһڴĶ̨ϵ


306 Ͷ䣡
ܿҶʵĶ̬֪ҶʵĶҲ˽⵽ԼͿ϶ҶʵһĿꡣ
Ǵ˿̨ϵ˵һ䣺Բһû׼ã׼׼ɡ
Ҫ׼ʱһ޵Ļ̨ϵ˵ܾáӲҪ˵һŵֵĻ˵ϣһꡣһ׸趼ôôȵһǧԺû㡣οһԺԼҶһսʵˡ
ʮȵĽǶգԶڳ˼˼ҶʵУڹڵоӵġ
ҶʵãûпκĶûҶʿһ£¶¸ʲôĹ
۽ͻȻоӨ黮ڿдһ߲ʵĺ磬Ȼ˼Ӳ̨ˤ˸顣Ҷʱ𺳵Уսͷ˼ĸǸˡ
ȻʲôĴԼжˡҶʲһڲٸеˣںܶʱǸûнڲٵˡҶʾãʱҲһǳˬ顣
ҶҲһӣһźܺõĵˡҪֱʣһֱΪֹѵҶҲôƽ͵ģŸɵȡǸܵģҶʲͷˡ
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ô֪Ŷ˵ˣָ˺ܶĴԡѿڶʵȻ󷢾˵©죬Ͻš
һ׼ʼҶ÷ϻĥߴģûмôĥߴġֱӺ¿ںţҶŶƷһľ˹ȥ
Ͷ䡣Уסˣû뵽Ҷʻ˵ֱ˶ϣ־вͨ
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뷨ǺõģҶȴûаԤ֮еĳơ
顱Ҷʿȫûеֵ˼ĶĴļͷϣĹڵϡ


307 Ҳ䣡
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Ҷûй񫣬㲻ϣһ̨һҶʹе˶ԾĸҶÿһͨЩһ̨ûսߣ͸Ҷһλãֻʣһ˹վ̨ϣõȴҶʵҡ
Ҷʸոտ̨죬Ѿɤ۵Ļû˵ڣѾŻˣҶһơ
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һĲҽУҵҪֱҪ˺ߵĶĤҽУһöڵһ߸ߵķǺһ衣
ۼĺ͹۲ϸ΢ĹڿԷβλɫЩһ£ģҫۣȺɫĻӵĽޡѪӵĴۡ
һĲҽСٶ̫죬бҶʸӵĴ̨ϵķΪɢĹǰûа취ס壬ʵʵľײ档
ꡱǶ˹۵ֳһڲȻ״̬žѾײ˵һƲһ̨ϣûκεĶѾ˹ȥҶҲð̨ˡϱûеĻҳת̨
սҶ˵ļֱӴֱʤˡҶʱһڶһɷһ̨
һƵģͺǱ˼Ҷ˹˶ԶԶıܿˣǱҶʸˡҶΪĬûҶʶܹöοѾŭ˵Ҷʣ붼϶ǸӵĿˡ
ҶԶԶĲ˹Զһ̨ϵѾܵһɾ˵ɱ뵽ľʹһ䣡
ֱ̨֮ޱȵĸɴࡣԼһôô˲һµȵҶʹ֮󣬾ѾûĻˡΪѾ֤ˣҶʸͲ϶̨ʱġ
һѾô飬ҶʲҲǶ˵ôվ治йı֣Ǵı֣ɵѽ
ǶĬĬһʶʱ˲㲻ϣܱųӵģ˲ôйİ


308 Ҷʱߣ
Ҷֹס˽ŲϵıӵĲˡѾ̨ڵ˼ӵʱ䡣ﲻϵȨţٿϻǲϡǻŸĽⷢӣҶʾЩˬ
ͷѾȫıҶʵϣһһǰĹһŵԥѾڲϵĺ˵Ҷʿľģ˫ȶЩˣЩӡ
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ҶŲĿ⣬ɨ˸Զ̨
θӵֱӡǸŵ̨Զʣµеͬһһ̨Ӳͬλ£ޱȣͺѵ˺ܾõһޱȵĬ
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ȭͷŽɫڷ裬졣ռ䶼ֱӱˡ
ŸֽסҶʵһȭֱץסҶʵȭͷھ¶糱ˮһޱȵƳɵĻҶʵһȭûܵκε˺˫µĵϸ΢ѷ졣
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˵ˣѣŸһȡ
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ҶʿߵһƬǽ壬Сƨ֪ʲôʱˣάһ֣ŸһվߡԶĹսߣ˳ȥԶȫһĿԼ
ҶҲ˰˿ޱȵĿԼŰ˿ЦЦЦЩǣǿδйϮ


309 Ҫˣ
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֪ҡһΪ͵ϮˣޱȵҪϢҶʲŸʣͷš
ҿŸ迴ҶȷʵޱȡֱץסҶʵһֱֻۣҶʾܾͷĻᡣ
һԪӵ˳Ҷʵֱ۽ҶʵڡߣСĵ̽Ÿ۾ϸϸĸӦš
ҶҪܾġŸԪѾֱˣֻϸϸһ˿ҶʷŰ۵ҲĬˡ
ҶҪܾҲʮּ򵥣ŸԪڽҶֱеĵһʱ䣬ͱҶʸӦˡ屾ܵҪڵԪֱӾһԪȥˡѪлɢ˿˿ƵѪҲҪһʱɱ
Ҷʸֹˣһ˿ԪҲʲôáҪ̽Ҳ͵̽ˡҲʲôŵԼһп˵ģġ
Ƭ֮Ÿ˫ۣҶתһȦԪҲŸջˡ̹ģûиҶʲôⷢӵĻᡣŸ趢ҶҿŹ֣ǿһࡣ
ιҸǷʲôŸԪøɸɾҶʶԹŸĸйٺ˲١ûгô˻ʲôС
ŸôţҶҲоԲۼŸûпڵĴ㣬Ҷ̲סѯˡ
ȿȣǲǳѪӿ죬ճĽҺڿٵӿŸԼΡѯҶʡ
ǳоѪӿô֪Ҷѿڶǻش˹Ÿ裬̲סһ䡣
ǲԪܿһֵҰһھпٵתɱŸ費شҶʵ⣬ٴοѯʵ
Ҳ֪㲻ǳڰ͵ҰɡҶһ㶣ȻϽ˫סؿڣŲ˼
ԼϴʱϼһҲһԼĽ͵ɣҶǲס񺮣˸Լ׾ôû˰ϼһҪ͵Լʵǿʤ
͵һԼҪ˶֪ҶʵľȻ󿴵Ҷʵı鶯Ÿ軹벻Ҷʲôĵһͷĺߡ


310 Ÿף
Ҷʸӵ𾪣ȹŸӵ𾪡ҶѪԪߵȻΪԼ״ÿһζʮֵ࣬ǶǱҶʸѹס˵ġ
Ҳûдʲô鷳ҶҲûȥرҶҲҵʲôԱȵĵطòʹ˿ѾͷҶһǲѧʮɰĻش֪ѽҶ̫ǿ˵Եʰɡ
ҶҲֻв֮ˡһֱϵڣҲ֪ǸʲôڱҲýף֪᲻˱ĵлɳ˵Ļᡣ˵ȵߵôҲҪһΣȥúõʣǸʲô
ҲǹŸѯûеõ𰸣Ҫ̽һҶҲûֹԭˡҶҲ˵ҪŸᷢʲôס
Ÿ費֪ǣޱȹĶҶϸʱҶжôĽţĶᵽɤˡ¹Ÿ迴ʲôԾĵطԼѾûˡ
ŸҪ֪Ļһô֣ٳô֡ðɣҪٿҶżӡ
ŸԾҶʵٶȡֱˡŶãҪˡȻСʱԭ򣬾ȻǺܿľ;ˣŶ̶̵ûмʱ䡣
һν׳صʱȻ˵ǱֹƻˡǺܿľ͵˹ܿٴγسɹһ·ĸ߸ͽͷ˫Ҷʣ˻壬һоѾй˵ˣѹ˶Ҫˡ
һѾ޵ˣһĺܶ˶ѾҶˡҶʾȻͻƵļˣѾЩסȻûн룬˭֪أһҶͻȻ򡣴ǲ谭߸ͽͻء
Ҳǰ벽ס׻Զǲ㱡谭ǵôҲͱơҲ㹻ľˡ
Ҫ֪׵ĹؿҲһˮ룬ֹܶĽ۷޷ͻơ츳޹ءܶ츳ſ֮ǰҲһ·̹;˺أ׵Ĺؿûдգ˻
֮ÿһؿҲˣÿһǵһ㡣죬ɳʤ̭һ;
ҲҶһͻƣҲҶʻỰѺܾá˻ƣͻǱȻġʱĳ磬˭֪أŸ겻ѡ
ǹųˡҶĻһЦݣСĵֺŹŸ衣
Ӵ̫߳˰ôô⻹ͷһζ˿İɡڷǼ鼴ŸµҶҪʲôѵõıҶʹάŸţס
ܰһֱֵľųĳϽˮ಻ӷһʰҶƨܾ⻰ôô˳ڣޱȵϤ
֮ǰҪδҶʸ˵ҪһޱȵıҶʣƨͽĻҪ͵ѧҶѧãõޱȵǡ
֪һЩϵĳʶǰɡҲ֪ԼĽǰɡŸЦе˵һϴ塣
ţҶƴĵͷޱȵĹȴڸ̣֪ʣҪΪ㣬ôԼôȻţȴûһı¶
Ÿ֣ԶϢȡһӡףҡҡλε
еƣˡеˡŸװģ򣬺ϾĶҶʣһЦݡ
̣ҶǶЦݣӵˡĸŸ贷ż
ôµķϣŲ͸úõĽһŸҲ⣬ϲСӣڵ˰ɡ
ʵҶ߰ĹŸҲ֪šŸҶҲܲ²⵽š˶ԼС̣԰һԸһԸ
ŸҲòҶˣҲ֪˭ôųĺӡ˵ļƷʲô֪͸ҳҴΪߣҪ֪һ;ϻЩʲôİɡ
ʵŸԩˣҴϵ˵ҪҶʣҪҶԭȥʲô׵һʼû뵽Ҷܳʱż׵Ϊ˭֪ôо׵ͷˡ
׵׵ʱΪļϵĳȫᵥһļĴڵˡҲ֮ܶϱ۶ȰʲôĶܹԭ̫ӴѪҺһճⶼġȽףѪҺӵճ岻ˡСӣעסŸһţһ߸Ҷʽ𡣲Ҳûв˽ҲûиҶҽ


311 ط֣
ŸĽڣҶʾûΪŸİ׾κεĲЩһЩʶǶһЩ̸ǡҶƽռûôעġ
ôǶҶ˵ȴޱȵʵáһ麣һڿٵļȡˮ֣Լն֪ʶ档
Ƭ֮ŸͽߵòˣǰһЩҶʡ֮ϴҶ鶼ҶʣҲǽ̻ҶʲٵĶ
ˣҶʵ˹Ÿϰ죬ҲŸģſʵϵĶҲͣ١ҶʻǺϾڹŸһֱߵʱҶʳһļ֮⣬ҲһֱڸŸż
ˣ켶֮Ҳ̫˽⣬ûʲôԸ㽲ߵġ׿ʼÿ˶ʺԼķÿ˶ŲһҲûʲôģ˶Ҳûʲôô϶󡣡ֵҶעģܸҶʵģŸ趼ѾʵĸˣȷʵûʲôԼ˵ˡ
õģô

ǡأ
СӣҪıɱҪҵĸ첲жİʹˡ
ҶͻȻ˵ֻǯһݺݵڹŸĸ첲ȥҶʵĴ󣬹Ÿûз֮»ǲ㱻Ҷʰֻ첲жˡ
㻹浱ԼǴүܵ˰㡣ҶʹЦţĶŹŸĸ첲Ȼ¡
Сӣжĥɱ¿ŶԣǹӲšġŸʹŸ첲֮·ְԼĽȥˣϽ˸˵
жĥɱ¿ˣôġϴҸ㵱ڻ˴սǣºҲǹӾͲţҸʲôƨ̨ôҶץס˹ŸеﲡռƲˡŹŸΪ˲
꣬С㣬С㡣ŸһΣҶץס˰ѱܹ֪˲࣬ɲҶôŪôҶ֪ˡ
Ÿò׸Ūⶼˣ˵սаյķУͲˡ
ҲУùŸһ£ҶʲûϾŹŸһ̯֣ҪŶ
ϴǼҶ˵ҲϹȥʵļƻԼҲĵĲˣŸһΡ͵ɷʴһףѼȥˡǶҶ˵ҲԶʹҶҲҪ
ʲô㣿Сְ̫ûթҹŸġҲҪˣơΪץһţҪЮˡŸǿӲ˵̬ޱȵļҶϸĻֹܷŸЩĶ
㣬طǵ߻ǱεĽôڶˣΪ˸սҵҶʲûзֹŸǶ񡣲ҲҶѾˣǲҪϾֱ˵˵һĲͷ
Ÿһ£Ȼһܣòϣε̨ǲĽˡҶ˵Ҷôӵôһͨûпסı֮󣬽ƻǫ̂˿Щû˸̨Ҷˡ
ȻҶʲûսȫˣǴҵı飬ǸޱԪλã֤Ҷ֮ʵ
ǷˡǸŪòҵճţꡣŸ˵Ҷʹ˸
ҶҲ⣬ֻҪͷ˾ͺ˵Ҳؾ˹Ÿһ
ŸСƨսʹ˸ս⣬һĨ߲ʵĻܡȻ΢΢о١ŸѸٵİθһ͹߸ߵĶ
Ҷʸоű˹Ĳ˼£ŵͷһ֪ʲôʱСƨԼߡҶʵĿ⿴˹СƨԭѾ̧׼ٲһŵ˻ȥ˫ֱ󣬹ӡ
СӣܲÿζֳܹôĶСƨ£ɤӡһ·ߵĿҶ˵
ȥȥȥһȥҶûҲһֻŲŪСƨ£ϵһ߾ͲСƨһס
ε̨ҲˡҶʵı֣һˣûɡطҲ͸ˡŸ̨˵һûӪķϻȻҶʵһʸҲȻû˸ʱ򷴶ԡ
ȻҶʾͱһɿܵ˹Ÿ裬˸̨һߡ


312 ɣ
Ÿ͵Ҷʵ߻طͲʲô鱾߾ϵġֱһָͷҶʵüģһʶӡҶʵʶСĴе㡣
һȻǲ˿⣬ǿȡᡣڶĴڸӵĴ⣬Ŵ߶ط档ӷõڵ˹Ħѧϰ
ҶʱҪϹŸ裬˵һЩʲôлʲôĳ滰û뵽Ÿôֱӣôĸɴࡣ
Ҷж뷨һϢӴĲҶʵԺͻȻܵôϢҶʵԴ㱻űˡǸӲ˵Щʲôˡֱ˸̨ϣԺеϢ
ˣ̨һ䡣Ȼ֪кܶ໹ûйġҶʾˣطѵ״̬Ҳȶܻʱˡ⣬Ǿ仰׼ҶϥˣŸҲһ
һҲǲСԼʶҶʵʶп̻ӡ˵ԷʵǷ
Ľһ䣬ȻһԾ̨СƨͷȻһ˳С
СƨȱҶʸЩ֪ڲǿЦǱʱ򡣺޺޵öڸ̨ϵҶʣûκΰ취һӣһ߲ʵĹְҶ͹ĸ̨һСŷŰۣ˫ֲ֣߽˳С
ԭҶôһ֣ε̨Ӧþ²Ľ˲ŶԡȫŸϣ̨ȶٴλ
ЩԭҶʸƵ̨Ȼ˵ÿһ˶֪ǵѡ񣬵ǴҶЩȥô˵棬һȺˣһ˸Ƶ̨ȥЦġ
ڹŸȥȷҶȷʵǱչطȥˣһʱҶѲˡ
Ⱥǰ̨ܲʱǲ̨̨ϵһǣ̨ڣõսߵĵ
Ȼûа취սҶˣǲȥսˡŸ趼˵ˣҶڵ״̬ʵǺ⣬һͻȻ˾ͲʰˡҶѾҴӦе𺳣ҲҶʵĴսҲˡ
ʱսҶʣսҲǲġٴεӵߵԼ̨ǰҪȥ
̨Ҳ֪Ŷ˼죬һҶ˶ЩҶʲôĶͣ˲ɲĵزҪǹŸһֱûгҶҲܲˣҶΪҶʾôˡ
ҶʵͻȻǿ𽥵ѸٵǰЩҶʱߺﵽĶˡ
ҶˣΪҶҪˡĶŸ̨׼ȷ˵Ǹ̨ϵҶʡԱڵһʱ䷢Σգһʱܡ
ŸҲϢ͵ĳ˳ķϣңңĶŸ̨ϵҶʡ
һˮϸС˽ͻأʧҲޱȵͻأǰ˵˳ͻȻжһоޱȵĹ죬Ҳޱȵܡ
ǿҲǴ಻˳ڲͣĴŽʯһһͣϢ
ȵ˳Сӹ˻Ȼදһľ飬Ҫܳʱۡ
Ǻܿ˳ǿ񣬳ޱȡǧľˣڽϵĻǰһ谭಻
治ûҵһࡣŸϴЦݣϢʧˡӳֵʧһֱûκ˷ֹ
˳һһ߲ʵĻصĲҪ⻤֣ഫȥˡҲĲһĽ䶯š
˳һ̶Ƶϲڱ任ˡ˳ּҲҿҶλ˻壬ҵ˿µһ࣬ΪԼнࡣҪ˵ͨʿˣӲʯǳܲס
µĸ̨ҵβ£ʯƤİ䡣˵һֱַۣӷ˿
Ҷ˫ۣʱû˵ˣȫˡһ㣬µСԣһͽľһС
ҶƮȻأǿֲ˳ʧˡ߲ʻ֣ҲǿµĹһ֮ƿˡ
Ҷʻ˳ʯƮƮһء
Ҷ磬ϲ˰˿ڵһʱ˹ЦȻҶʵϲͬʱֵݸҶһʳС
Ҷ΢΢һЦֽ˹ôûнʳЩˡ
ҪڣȻ̧ͷпֲķ֮Ƭз衣


313 
Ƭһĵ֪ǻȳǿֲķ֮֮涼ĸֹۡһУ˺ǰһ赲
Ǳʵ̫ܼˣÿһ˵ǴܼһƬһƬĻһƬƣҲһɽ建ѹĻڵסˡʵһ˲ͱڵסˣա
ֱɱ֮ڵͷţɢȴܼúսǵϿգΧ˵Ǹסսǵÿһ䡣
ڻģڻڵġ̨ϱģ̨¹սġæҪģеҪġ˶еĶֱӴ̧ͷ졣ڵĸϽ˷⣬ҲĢ́ͷ졣
˶ĪѵٶȾôոշõѣûؽһƬиĥȥѵҪһô
һǺԤϵķһεĲûǿңͲǻٵǡһεĲ˵ľң㲻߶ܹĸоСڴޣйеĿ־塣п˵ǼɹҺޱȡ
еͨ˶оķƬÿһصĹţȻѪȴ̹ǡӱֱŶȥ
˵ͨܣ߾Ͳˡǡǡ෴Ϊ߽ӴĶҪһЩԱͨ˲øӵǰһĻĻѪġ
һħͷ­Ļ棬ѪϸߣƮɵͷ­ŭĿԲɳ˲ɣͷʬĵ¡
һӰյľԴϡõģİ׵ķɵ춼ǣʧȥʬӸ߿׹£˴Ƭ̳
űϳźɫǰɫĳʹھŵķӣͽ͡һҫ۵ĵâһеһжһΪ촦
ʿھҵĲţȫǰֵĻþУĿ־иûа취ѹ
ǰһ̫ںˣЩƽʿҪ˵ۼû˵ǰһĻĻֱ˴ҵ֪Χĳĳ
þгֵĺöڴ˵вųֹġȴǰʵĸˡܸ˵鶼ޱȵǿ󣬹ȻþҲˡÿһյܡ
ڻþǶǣǱ¾ĶȻĿһˣȫѪС˶ûһȫʬ
ҶʵƺűܵĿܣҶʺǲϲܵ񣬸оǲ
ͨ巢ҶһɫС̫һС򷨲մ壬һ˽Ҷѵĸо
Ȼ֪ƬΪζҶҲûиоʲôбܵų⿹⡣һһľսսҶҲ֪ʲôöˡǴ˽̣ζһһ˳
תͷ˿ҲҶʵΧҶʵ赲ϴһв˿һԺɻĿΧ̬˿ûܵӰ죬ҶһɲҪôɰĹܵκεĸĳ
ſֲĲҶʸоޱȵϤתͷͿ˰һıԪȫתŨİ׹ʵʣһѩ׵Ŀ
ǷˣѪᣬֱǰ˹Ҷ밮˿ڳԵλãλñȽϵƫҲûʲôˡ׳ķþҶ밮˿ķ
ôˣÿ¡˿ҲǸоϤϢڿٵĽӽתͷͿѪİףһĳ˹С
ҶʿɲҪ˿˺һѰѰ˿ԼҶʶǰ棬ֱųɱİס
׵˫ŴĽ࣬ûжٶȡÿ̤һеԪͻһ֣Ҳһ֡Ƭ̵ĹѾ˶ˡ
䡱һȭ˹Ҷʲܶǰ˿Լܶȥ˿ȴûа취ˡ
Ҷ֣ץס˰׺һȭѧĵ߻ת˿βڹԷȭͷϵĳ
ϫһһɼĲҶʵΧһȦȦɢһһ
Ҷ֣ҲšŰסΪֻץŰ˿ǿֲĳɢȫҶʵû飬ǰ˿ܾͻᱻ׸˵ˡ˵ʲô顣


314 ı
׵ĹҶ˵˲壬οѧ˵߻ĵֵⰬ׵Ŀֲ
Ҷûôǿֲ壬ȴָ͵˳˳Ҷʵֽ塣ûüɢͱ˩£ͨŵ˵¡
˿ֻоµĵ΢ĻζȻ簬ǿֲһͱҶ赭дĻˡҶʿƵڽʱȵɢˣ涼ûһ˿ѷ졣
ѹҶһȣƵʣŰ׵ʶð׵˫еķʧࡣͬʱɿŰ˿ָ֣ɽһָ˰׵üĴ
ҶԼʶƽŰԺеķ
͡ſ³һѪҶһͷһġظѸٵ˥
ллɫ԰ޱȣҶϵõһл·亹ʪˣڵĴϢš
㵽׿ʲôҶʺҵһɫѪʵҶʣ˿ҲޱȵĽģ΢˫۽ĶŰסǶҶʵеµӡ
ǸղŰװѰ˿ŵˡҲǣղŰ׵ƽռֻǴྶͥȫǱһˡģϤޱȣϢȴȫˡ
û¡׿˰˿еĹϵһµı飬ЩǸЦЦǿֲķϢǵһϹţұܵתԪֿʱǰͻȻһƬʬɽѪ꣬Ƭı˫ʹǸһ׹¡ĿһУĪʹ顣Ȼͳȥˡ
ôʲôûпҶüʾ⡣ûпʲôƬʹ£ëûмһġ
йذɡվĻƽԪУҲָôΨбԿЦҶʻԽԽǿԽԽ͸ˡ
ǰܹҶʴһƽ֣ܿľҪԷ˰ɡЩƣǺܿľ͵̬ҶʵĽǲģҶǿҲ֣Ǻ¡
пʲô˸ɵôҶüеҪŪס֪ʲôˣҲ֪ΪʲôԼᷢĵĸеˡ
ͬʱҶҲЩȻ⻹ǴֱʣֶΡû΢ʩչֶΣܲǣΧȺԽԽûѹġ
õǶûжֵģûһǰһɱ˳ġ̱˵ϣ۾ɵôģޱȵĿ־塣
ֻ֪һѽͺһһΨٴαԿЦþгֵָͿӰֻһѽɼ̧ͷңȻ˲һѽָҶʿ
ԣ롣ѣϢ̫ˡȻ֪һѾӡҵԺͻȻʧϵı鲻֪Ƿŭʲô
Ҷ˳Űָķ˹ȥһˮһ͸ĳԵøۡΧĸɫηһƬ߲ʵĻһȺУȻռһλãΧŴƬĿ϶֮ûпҲΪ̫ˣĿ϶λõǺܴ󣬵ƬȺԵòˡ
ҶϸĿ¡ˮͶأ˵ĸ߶ȣһʹ˸ߣʹ˫ʮָ۸߾ͷǽĳŽ뽣ظ㳡£˫ȹ˽
ѽһƷˮ͸ĽȴŸɺԵѪѪĲ͸
ܿҶʾŲĿ⡣Ϊǰķ֣ҶʾĿлǿıռ˺ܴһƬλáģЩޱȵǿϢԶԶʤı
׿һУΪʹһˮϻôմȾѪҲѪ˯ϵζͬȻǻɱͬһ顣ѵЩÿһѶͬսÿһĻһ
ҶʱԼ뷨ˡôӴıѵ鶼ɱô˿µɱܻûʬɽѪľıɱ˶ٵ顣
ЩȻ˲εݺᣬɱ֮ѵΪɱô
ԼܵķУѵΪҶЩɻ󣬵иӿµıšõĽ»ᷢʲôµĴ顣
СӣҪİŸ費֪ʱҶʵһԣͻȻڣ˶һ
֪ʱŸܵһʣһܽҶʵԪΧڣѸٵԼϢһ̹


315 һã
ܽҶʵԪַΧһܵӡٿҶûһûиеκεѹҲûκεĸŸһûҴˡ
Ҫ֪ŸҲȫĳԪܣ֪ʲôʱ˹ŸԪУſڹŸļͷֱߺ߲ûСҶӵ
Ҳû˵ٻŸȻȫķˣȫĸϢǻЩϢ͸˽Ȼǲˡ
ʲ֪ǣŸȫĳԪܶŵѹǶôĴΪԽǿԵԽŸȻǰûгʲôӰǣǻǸоķġԱ˵˿̻ͨ
Ÿͷޱȵģ֪ʲô취Կǰѹء̲ס룬Ҫǹھͺˣ϶а취ġ
ͻȻֵͻȻðһ仰ŸһѡԹŸǵûŭޱϲĴҶ߸
Ҫ˵ôҵҶʵġܼ򵥵飬Ȱ˻þ԰εʱѾ˹ŸעȻҲ˳㿴˳ԪܣһɫС̫һҶˡ
ΪŸԳԹˣ֪ѹжôĴԿҶûκε飬ôĿġ
һһΪ˭ءôĿѧطҪҪô˰ҿɸ㣬ûСҶǱŸһ˼һЩ飬ûзֹŸˡҶ񣬱ͻôһ̼ûڵϡ
ǣҪİæŸһͷĺߣû뵽ҶʵĿе˵ĲҪǻƽʱŸ費ǵͷߣôҲҪ伸ҶʵģûС
ʲô顣̫ѵҿǲɵġҶЩɻ󣬹Ÿʲôʱô˵ˡıŸӣҶֱˡҲ鷳ʱнߡֱӰԼˡ
һãŸҲûкҶӵ˼ǵƬĲҶʶĻǴľԼ鷳ܡ󻹲һܹﵽԼҪĿġ
ʲôУֹҶʣ˶ΪԼˡ
ǰͨ˵ļͥĻŸ䶼Ҷʵүүˡôһ۵С꣬ҪĻһ۵СӺ˵ҪԷһ
²˭󶼻ޱȵľȵİɡϾʵ̫Ĵ̼ˡ򵥵һ仰̶̵֣ȴḻؿζȺҪһС
̬ϲġСүүǣġŮģ˿ġһŴѵʱ⣬дѵӿȥ˭Դż˲źҶһ亹Ϻߣһ󲽣һ±顣
ҶˣҲϽĸϣԡҶʵĽɫԪΧڡһ¾ͰѹŸҶԶԶģҶʵקҶʵ·Ҷʸǰ档
ԭˡֲʱ㶢ҿʱĿֵֹġͷСƨҲӵصð˳ҲһֱСֽץҶʵĿȣҲɿ
ôСҲ̫֡ؿζ˰ɡҶʶͷ亹Ҫٲˡ
ԺгһĻ档һͷһۿɰģڴſɿ㵽ܵģС¶Сƨ˴Ȼ󡭡ȻҶҡҡԴԺеʮ˽Ķͯ˵ģԼҪԼĵĻ׳Ժ
ŸƵҪޡԼǺܵҪҶʵһãôûأôĵطأ
ʲôսСƨֵֹģëûг룬ʲôÿġޣëԼҲԼȻûн鵫ҲǸϴУϲŮ˵ġ
Ÿȫоս񡣱ϾԼһôõʱ䣬˵ǴԶʱͿʼսǵĽųһСƨŸҪʲôͬġ
û뵽Լôһ仰ټСƨôһ仰˵Ŀ¡ŸԼԩ˴󺣶ϴˡ
úϻҹŸýֱͣʵʵж
ڰ˿Уڴޱ𾪵ĿУҶ۽ˮʱ򡣹ŸˣҶûκηľͱŸ˹ȥ
һ̣Ҷ˵ܹһԼģԼʥ塣һǰ˿ģֿҶ硣
ȻŸһ־ӡҶʵĺ֮ϡڵľģԪȫҶʵڳȥޱ
ҶʼֱߵҪȻڿٵķ̡ɵŸʵ̫ɶˡȻҪԼ巢ȣҪԼȥ·


316 ӰѾ
ҶֻǸоԽԽȣһڵġ֮ǡǡ෴ڶġҶʵͨ죬ɢſɲĸ¡վ׿⣬ܹоػڲϵߵľ˵
˶֪Ÿ赽ҪʲôŸһƣҲûзԼе顣ҶȻʹ࣬ȴûκεΣգõȴšȴҶŰҲȴŹŸҪ顣
Ҷʵ̲סˣڴšʵԵսǿٵĻصš
ҶֻоԭƽȵԪǱȥһ˿һȻŸ軹ڲϵȼյĻͶȼ͡ڵԪֵҰһڿٵתš
˹ŸĻϽͣԪԶԶĴƽʱԪż⣬˲ͳһʮ׼Ԫ֣°ѴҶ˽ȥ
ҲҶ˻壬ǿ͡ȻĻ˭ܳܵסôǿԪӲĶ⡣
ҶʵԪУŸѹٷֿɱĳˢϮҲùŸд취С
СӣҪűԼתԪǻܲ˵һֶɢ⡣Ÿ迴ҶʻզţȫûȥǣڵԪſڴȵ
Ҷ˹ŸĻֱҪһͷײôǿԵĹԪģ˵ˣҶʿɸûдӦҪװʹһ㣬ùŸ輰ʱ֡ϻ˶ԲߣûзŹҶʵ˼
Ҷѡ񡣵һǰչŸ˼ѶԪͬƴɢڵѹһǣ͹ŸӲԼǶܣ͵ǶˣùŸҲƣ
ѡ⣬ҶʾõһĻֱ̫ûйˡڶȻйԵԼ̫ɵˡԴˣҶʺԭѡ˵һҶһǸԭˣԭǿ顣
ŸľԪҶʵںֱֻǱڵԪܵͬţٶȻޱȡҶʵҪѹŸԪֱɢȥŸ衣
ǸͲܰǾԪûմȾκεĹŸϢҶ룬ûбתҶʸͿƲס
Ҷʼ˹תɿͬšȻƴĻӻڵеԪͨȫÿһëɢ˳ȥ
ⶼǱˮнŸעԪҪԶԶĳҶɢȥԪġҶʲĹûа취һʱŸԪ
ԪҲһ͵һڿٵıšֻʮ׼ĴСֻܰסҶΧİװ˿ˡתۼʮٱи˱ҶʵԪ˽һϢ˿⡣
ҶԪе˶жϵܵӰҲʧˡһڵϵ˶ٵ˹Χһжʧˣ˹ŸˣҶһ
ǰǾܵ˾޴ĳһĶޱȵƣûɵġԼĽɫڲϵҲ˺䤱ĹŸ裬ǿŤҶʡŨĽ⻹ڲϵĴҶʵɢ
΢һ˼ҲȥȻƣǲҿ˹ŸҶʵг˸м
ԶԶȥսǳһֽɫ̫ڲϵıڻǽɫĹۿɼٶڿٵı仯š˰սǣҲ;˰սǵ顣
ҶͶϵɢϢŸӦķСǳȺӵҲǶҶʵϢĸӦӦǲϵ׳ϢЩ춯
ϡ춯ײһԵҵĽײ
ҶҲӦȻҶʵǿǲ٣ǽҲδйӴԪˢҶҧͦǿֲԪϵĳˢž
סŹŸϵĳžҶʿ˵ʹţЧҲǺġ
ͷвапãǿиɰСүҶУͷȴˡҶԵĸоڵԪͣһ£ȻƽȻǹŸˡ
ҶʾЩϧѾˢˡҶû˵ǿڴ̼ŹŸ衣ñƣĹŸ첱ӴֵģҲ֪Ǹ۵ģǱҶʸġ
Сӣ㻹ӲһʼǽеͦôܵġŸ˼ڴƽеĲޡ
ӰѾҶʻϽͣ˹ŸǺˣԺ޹˼ɵĿڵϷţҲ¹ŸͻȻˡ


317 Ⱥ
ҶʱڵɪϧþͻȻӺԶ˹ŸԪעҶʵСҶʶʱҶʶʱͷɱĲҽС
ԭǹŸСƨʹһСƨȻСҲСƨһǸ˾Ǹ龫˲˹Ÿ˼ҲҶʵעԪΪȤ
Ҫ֮ǰ´˵ϡСƨ綼ǰһѵĴˡڶõвֵĵ
ҲûмСƨʲôǶڷ⣬ȡſкʹ̺Ԫ˳Ҷվڵϵ˫ž͹Ҷʵ塣
Ԫ̫ںӴˡӲҶʳĽɫȾһĨ߲ʵɫ
Ÿһֱûж϶ԪֻƽˡԻܹܵҶڵġô˵أҶʱһˮͰĻôҶѾڱ״̬˵ˮͰ
СƨͻȻôһ£ô˵ءҶˮͰ˵һˮôֱӸҶʵڡ
Ÿ趼һԭΪСƨѧǻԪҶʵ˻ô죬Ҷֻ۷ΪǲٵġСƨëëŵģҲҶ̻һֱӱˡ
ҪҶľôԼǰ˵ĻǶЦ˵Ĵˡ⽫ʷĵһű˵˻ɡԺЦԼֻСƨֶΪ˰ɡȻаЩļ֤ߡ
ԼСƨҲڲõĽͱŭ˵ٴ˰ɡҲǰҶ˺һ󱲣ôı˵ˡô⣬ôĲסԼҪƴ˵һ򻤶̵ˡŸͷ
ҶˣֲԼҲǵȲһ˰ɡҶҪǱˣѾҪ˵Լ׵ĵһѪùô˻屻űԼҪܻŹ֡սǻܲҪһʺš
㣬עơŸһͷߵĻͷСƨеܻˡ
СƨԴȴֿ˰˿ɱ˵Ŀ⣬ʸ°ͣµİСƨ۲һ顣СƨЩëϽתͷͻȻûǹŸҪ˳һЩǺԪ࣬ôĿˡ
˵ҶʱԪڡ嶼ƤһŵѸٵÿһ˿ֲ˺ĸоǸоҪѿһ
ҶͬųԪ޵ģȫ޷һʱ仯ڵԪۿڼһһļͣҶʺµУҪôı˰ɡ
ҶʵȻôˡ־ѧƴתҲԿƣֻΪڵԪҶֻһͷһ㣬ٿһ㣬ӽİڵӻ
ҷɣһ仯ͬ귢˵Ĵų򣬶ɲˡ
ѧȭתǳȡؼԪʱ򻹸ҳȡֱڵԪƴţΧĿռ䡣ռеԪ˲ŨǿеĶճŨԪ
̨ҲǺһλƵҷɡ
ǳſˡڵԪ˽ȥҲΪЩ򵥵ʶҲΪҶһġ
ԶҲʧȥĴݴԪ߲ܣһֲָɽһĽ𣬴սеȺһֳȭȭȭգѷ춼ӳȥԶǷһ
䡱顱
ŸվҶʵߣӷ׵ײΣͬ˶ޱȵĴεĸĳ¡̨ǲֹһεײ˹ŸϣŸϣϡ
ŸһͷĺߣϵĸԼǰһжǸƣԼҪ̡ҪǿҶȷʵʹޱȣ͵Ÿ趼ҪΪҶСǹⱨˡ
ôĵط֮£ڹŸ趼֪ײѪ˵ʱҶָ˳̬
Ҷſ³һ³ĶŨԪһգƨˡ
Ÿ裬ͷСүҺû꣬ıɱԤıмƻġҶʺ˰ʹСšҪǻŸţҶʶ˱˵Ĵ㡣
ŸûҶʣΪҶʵԪѾɢǡһɫݣսǶսǶһӲӵɫޱȵҫۡ
ϵȺǸӦΣգ֪ԭ޼ɵ涼еɱ֮ˡһ٣˺գѿռķ飬ѸٵԶȥˡ


318 ˣ
Ⱥ뿪ˣ˵սǣһض·߼ŰȥϢҶʸеУҶʵϢҲľǸеǺ¡
ս˶ָһ˵ϡڵĴŴûһǲµġÿһ˶˲ͬĳۿ˲ͬĩճ
ȻڿΧһжԼϤһУϤ˺ǶоǸһӡǻþжݵƬ̣ǹһ˾һÿһ˶ƴĴڵĴϢţǻ
ŸҲ˵ϣٵĻָĵԪǰΪҶʳ𻤶ܣŸҲǲСġҶȻԪĴ󣬵ǶޱȵĹ죬ޱȵĶأޱȵľ
ҶڵԪҶתʮֻʣһɡⲻҶʵеİѶĵˣǱҶʽһˣԼеˡ
ŸĲСԼսһҪۡҲûа취飬ϾֻҶʵԪϢܹסȺŸΪһ֮ò
սƽƱƻ˴롣ʵĽȫϸܵĻۣȻʵûгǺĲӵķ֮ȷսеÿһ䶼صĳˢˡ
Ÿ迴ǿҪƨһҶȴӵġǰʹ֮һ·ʪʱֱɿЩЩǱ֮⡣Ҷȷʵƽûʲôһġ
Ⱥ󱻹ŸСƨôúԪˢһ塣ҶʳĴĵرΪ̫Ǳеÿһҩȫĳˢ˳Ҷʰѳŵҩ˳
Ҳûκٻӵͨ͸Ԫ׳˼֣ûͻԭеľ硣ԴҶҲżļԲȶҲˡŸ費Ƕ˵ôѾͻƵˡ
ҶʻģŸ״̬áûп켶ǿʱϢƽˣоһ׳ͨˡҶҲû侮ʯûгԴڰԵϢŵĹŸ衣
ҶʿСƨͲôˡǰŸһ˵ӣôͻȻӿֳӿ񱩵ԪԼڡ
ҶʻΪǹŸһ֣ûбҪôڵԪƣһԼģһǹŸġһΪµģҲֵġӦþСƨġ
ΪսУӦҲֻСƨܹԶŸԪ˰ɡһ£ҶĶˡڶͲ˺ѸоҶʿνǼ£һֻôһξ͹ˣҶǲپڶˡ
ⲿѹӲסǴڲѹҶһ취ûС
ҶʿԷģԺ˭ٸôԼԼΪ߹ʩ֮һҪöԷˬô켸ҹģöԷЪϢġ
СƨҶһĶСƨôôòǺῴſԽľСƨһʹףȴŶħġɵĶʲô£˭ҵĺôƷġ
үҡСƨҲ֪Թɫ֪ҶͷϣԼ֮ǰҲȷʵǸһͿ顣СƨԼ̬ŵķǳĵͣĹﲻˣԵ÷ǳĹȡ
ҪսСƨ֪Ҷû˵ģ֪᲻ôķŵ̬СƨʱΧ̸ҶʣСƨ벻ûа취ʱ䶼˼ˡҪ˵˭ҵĺôƷôļҵĺܹһﶼܺ䶯
ξˣ´ٸҾùװҹ棬Ȼӡսǵĵ¡㲻ͷϵĻ磬Ҫ챻ѬաҶʿŵü˳۵Сƨ˳˲٣ԼҲûʲô£Ҷʵ˴롣
ǣү˵ĶԡСһģһǰԺйһһѭүĽ̻壬һˣһõˣһΪˡСƨһϽŰƱ̬ԽĹˡ
û취²òͷҶο˵ǰսһæĸͼҵ׶սǣһ¾ǷҶһ顣ҪҶľôһ˵ټϹͿԼ˳ˣ˵Ҫӡˡ
ˣҶ磬ͱŻˡҲĵСӵ̬Ѿ֪ˡ˿ȥˡΪСƨڹװ˵ʱ򣬱ͳķ۵ӵĿɰˣСӸеӡ
Ҷķ˷ۡûдҪôˡ˭ûһСƨ鷳˵ˣԼͰ˿Ҳûжô䡣
Ҷ°˼ѵװҲǿԵģ


319 ܰҶʴˣ
Ÿǵˣ˫ۣâȻվ壬ңԶʡĻܹз֮˺˳գټŰš
ŸĲȻԼսûˣԼҲܻһǵİΣȺôƶȥ֪жٵֵ֮ͬġ
ǹŸȴûа취֮ǰȻֵסˡǶȡ˵ĽǡҶսǡҲǡи׵СƨԱߡ˵ʱ˺Ͷߣ˵ľȺ
ŸͻȻеЩܵĸоλ࣬Ϊ˲ƴĶֻܱС˵İΣ⻹ǽ˱˵ûҶһ·׷ȥ
ǴҶʲôءҶȻȺĿǣԼȴû㹻ȥҶʻӻӳ㹻ǿǴСƨһߣҲʵСƨһǵĸͶˣǲ
ǶʵʵĴڳС϶кܶǿѰŸղϢսҶʵġսǣʲôģСӹӶ࣬עҲࡣҪ׷ȥŸ˸ܿľͼᶨľ
ȻԼʲôãǺôǸ켶ǿߣܰЩæġܰپͰˣΪˣȻޱȣҲΣգǲܲȥ
뵽кܶ޹ô׵ȥˣŸﲻȻƽռŸҲôףǹϵش飬Ÿ軹ǲῪЦġ
Ҷһֱڹ۲ŹŸ衣Ҳ˹Ÿͱı任֪˹ŸЩʲôԼʿǵȽԽǿܵĸӰԽ󡣹ŸҵԼ֮ǰҲܣȻȺӰҪԶԶ߹켶ʿġ
£Ÿ軹ѡ׷ȥһ̣ŸҶĿеޱȵĸߴ󡣵Ҷ˹ŸǾ仰֮󣬸ոոŸĸߴ󣬶ʱͺȻˣϡ顣
ŸĿԼͲʲôһСƨԼĶѡţӦΪбԼɶ˻һҶʲˣѵҵƷôĲôĲֵΡ
ûиҶʷĻᣬŸ˵ֱ֮ڿնѸٵԶȥˣɲǼͱһСڵ㣬Ⱥ뿪ĵط׷ȥ
ȿȣŲ̄ҶûлŹŸ跢𣬾ͰѲйСƨϡСƨԼˣҶҲͰס
СƨаѱҶץУʲôҶ˵ʲôʲôˣҲûжʡһӣ͹
¡¡΢΢Ļζһķĸ̨ѸٵҶʵǰҶʸڵʵʵġ
ҶŵĺߡСƨ쵰һǹģŲ̄϶Ų̄ҸȥǸʲô
СƨԴôءԼѾҶ˵Ū˸̨˰ôһĲˬء
ҶԼһҪ侲侲侲ȻûдүͱСƨС쵰ˡ
ҶһԾ˸̨ɤӣȻغϣǶø͸ȥˣŸҲˣߵʱսǽҹô顣϶кܶĪ˻ģϢã׼
˭㡣ƾʲôҪġ
ǡǸոŪ˸һھ͵ɪˡ
Ÿˣˡǻиô
ǣҲġ

Ҷʲô˵Ƕˡս˵ˡЩԭסôҶʵ仰ͷġһķţҶʵˡ
˵ġҲġһ۵˵Եúûе
һ˵ţСƨҲƵķ˰աҶʵߣ̨µĸ۹ɨӡ
ûУϣϽҴȥҪǻԭصģڳſڴһ١Ҷϵ˻ҪСƨһ£û뵽Сôʶ࣬ԼͳˣҲʡȥҶʵһ鷳
ܰҶҪ֪˭һԭѾе飬еס˵ȺѸٵˡ
ٶȶӵƽļ£һ㣬ľͱҶʸϳȥһ
ҶһԹĶʡҲ֪Ҷ֪ޱȵոһоġޱȵƮķλ
æǰæȻ㻹Ҫ˷ѶٵĿˮ㿴ڶôֱӸɴࡣЦš


320 Ҷˣ
ôģȺ춯ֳĶôĴҪҶ֪ǸʲôҲ֪̲ʲôôҶʶ׷ȥſĳ嶯Ҫ˵Щֻ֪ԶԶĸооķâ죬Ź֡
ڹ治սУŸҲ׷ȥȥˡȻҪǿ߸Ϲ֪̽ǿ߶뿪ˣ̺ôŹ֡
ʱҪһȺ̱ڵصľڳֻŪøӵĻҡҶſںǡһץʱȥָʵһǵȻָʵҪвɿƵ鷢ҲеԱ
ȥҶСƨԴڲݾܾ˵
Сƨޱȵĸ̣һһήȥģ㻹浱ԼүǴү˰СƨҲˣ˵ԼҶʵˡ
¡¡΢ĺУĸ̨ѸٵԭصȥĨƽҶʺСƨҲƽȵվ˵ϡ
ԭֻаס˿ʡǴʱվһȺˣ̨ϵһ֪ʲôʱ˹ţҲȻгҶɵЦ
ʲôôҶʵЦţΪЩ˵жûʲôս⣬ҶҲֻҪ鷳ʲô˵
ܸодҪˡҶհϣҶִ˳Ķȹǰѹء֪˭ͷҲǴ˵ĽٴνɫȻᶨ˵
˵˵ڴҶϽĻȥץʱĻָ۷״̬ӦԿܻᷢ顣Ҷޱȵĸˣ쵼ʲôµľû˻㣬ڵλˣȻʱġҲˣȻҲʱģʱ޵ģҶʻޱȵĸˡ
Ҷʺеˣȫߣûȥúõȥˡֻ˰˿ãʺһ䵱Сƨ
ߣȥҶʴһӣһȵĴͷųȥ
˿ҲνҶʴͺˡϢûʲôģȥﶼνҲȥˡȥڵ˼ڿˮֻСƨһ˴ͷɥģĵ˵
̨ڳ棬˺ܿľ˳ĴſڡҶ˼ˣ˵·ˡ
ſڼҶɻĿУŲֱͣ˽ȥҶҪģǿСƨͷɥĸ󣬴ҲͶˡ
СƨѾˣȻᡣҲֻǿĹҶȥģλȹŸ趼ҪһЩģŸСƨǰǿͿġ
ҶﶼûȥֱӴͷȥǰĴ
ѾʰˣҶʴļ춼һˡõüƽ͸¶Ŵĵ̡
ȥŪһӵʳҪϴεǸġҪ㰡ˡҶˣеѾ߻ϴεһȺҶǼģҶҲֱҪһӵĺõġ
ѾǶޱȵɻôҶˡϴβѾùòУùŸҲ˵ôŸ費˵ҪҶǽ˵ô
ѾɻĿ⣬Сƨĵ˵ͷѾȥȥˡ
СƨһơҶѣŸǲԼͷİɡҪĻԼֻᱻҪܶˡ
еһжˣֻһӣӡһӵʳܿľͰˣζݡ
æµ˴죬ͼޱȵļ˶һ˳СƨһӵʳֱſˮҶʰŸ谡氡ʲôĲʧˡ
СƨſˮС۾ģͰ͵ĶҶʡ
ҶҲûΪһһ˲
㷹֮󣬼˶ݡСƨҲ͵͵˺˼ƣС˵ģ룬ʱʱĴžá
Сƨֱ̫ˣҸޱȡŹǼˣҲûԺȹҶȻʱǶħСƨҶʾɰʹҪԼ䲻ȻҪҶʲӦСƨҪҶɱջֽݰˡ
СƨҶѸٵ˶õˡ
ҪùŸ͹֪ѪҶдҵģǹġСƨȻлŸǹ棬ȻлҶʡ
ҾǹĴ壬ҲԵôĺãôĻӻⲻǳԷǮǰܼҡ
ھƾ£СƨſҶʵĴϣҶʵĿӺޣŹֲǡӡһֱ˵ڡôҶ⺢ʵ̫ˡ
ҵóһͳһĽۣ⺢Ӿƺ飬ƺˡ


321 еˣ
ССˡһԶԶľʹ˹ڿٵĽӽ
һȫװֳֽٵĳ˳Ҷǲ˿ԶԶľǰ˴ţͨ
ٵĳ˳ĴšСšƫţ˴Ĵš
ܵľҪ棬ɨһӣЩԾǰ´ô˲͹ݡ
˲͹ҲˣôŴпտյģѵϴôмȻڳԷôŸءЩĺ˭
ҡҡͷɲ̽˭ʲôݵʱٵĵת壬תȥҪȥŸҹŸ¡ǲ˿ġ
㣬ʲôԶ˵ȫȨ𡣡֪ǳһҶѸٵĻعĺֹסҪԶȥ
㣬ܸʲôΡŸų˵ĽŲһ٣뻹תĶҶʣȻǲҶܸĻġ
㿴ҶҲ⣬ûлشĻͳһһ龧Ө͸ʯʯ̳һģսǵһ¡
²μɴȻѸٵĵϥ£סĵֳȭǰһ
ҶʵĻǼٵģǴӡҲܹǷƵġǴӡǶصĲǲмٵģսǵϣͨǡ
ҲǹŸͻװҶʣǰѳӡҶʹá
ҶȻϲ̵ģԶҲòϣֱ黹Ÿʱ򡣱Ͼܶõӡ϶ǳ鷳˴鷳Ҷµľ鷳
ⲻСҼңǹغǵ顣ҶҲǻͷġһһã˵ԲԵŸΡǳе飬Ҷʾ;޷Եˡ
ŸѾмʱȥˡȥǰҴӡҲʱսǷ顣ɻʣҶŹŸ˵ǻݵģ򵥵İ鸴һ顣ȻʵʣȴޱȵƶûиԷκεʵĻᡣ
ûУҶʵĻޱȵļšҪǹŸҶʵģҪ˵ԵҶһˣҶеͬǹŸĶ֡ң˻ſҶʴϺ˯Сƨ
ֻףŸΪʲôôһˣʵܹôȻɻ󣬵ȫ޹صɻûΪҶӣŹų۹⣬ҲǳŸ衣
ƲǽϣдҪ鲻е飬ĶҶ˵
ã߰ɡҶҲ֪鷳ˡܹͷ˶ͷԼͷÿһǳеᣬһļɡģһǳ˺ܴĺ鷳顣
ϽһԣҶһơУϵ໥ײ죬һ˿ɱա
Ҷһ˻ſԼϺ˯СƨһԪעСƨڣɢСƨľ⣬ʱСƨ˹
ȥǳųǽϣ㡣ҶʶСƨ˵˵ϣݿܡ
СƨҲζ鷳ˣû뵽ô죬һٷĹҸÿ죬ȥҲ찡
Ժں˼ţȴûͣЪһӡµĵǻ˹һӵλλǰľɫڷٵı仯š
ȵﶨ֮Ѿվ˳ǽ֮ϣ۵ǿƽ̹ĳƽԭȴŴʿͶ˳ſڣʵǿҲ
ԭЩǣþǹŸҲЩֵסġϾ켶ʿźöСƨŪôһ֮д󶨡ô˵ǹŸҲĵزġ
ôţôëûгȫС޹ˡ
лһƯСŮֲϷůѾ߻
̽˹Ÿ費սˡ˰ɡ⼸Сʲô˼ǻŻǰ


Ҷʼ˳֮Ⱥ˵ϷĶѸٵľͱˡ˵Ϸ˿˶һĺ˪
Ⱥ˾ǰӦĲǴңԶ˹ҵĹ־˵һС˾սǣҾЩˡ
ŸսУ˲ܣ˶ռȺ۵ʱ
ʶһ̽飬д󶨣Ÿ費ڳǳС


322 ǾͶץɣ
ΪСƨأЩĻ˲û̽⵽ֻǸоսǰЩͬˣǾĲͬʲôط˵
ȻûиӦŸϢҲûиӦǰʱֵǸӿµĹϢеǾͲˡܵģʲôͬء
Ҳ٣ҲûռƣŶ˳иǿҲǲԿġ
ҪǹŸսеĻǾͷŵ̬Сĵѯʡô飬ŸҲסҲܹʳġ
ǼȻŸ治ڳˣǵ뷨ͱˡôҲҪȥһˣȽȥóԺúȵţº˵Ҳº׷ԶǿͣһҲпԭġ
Ҳ֮ǰֵԭ򡣱Ҳûʲô˵ġЩ˵飬һûаģԾҵġűеסˣûǽҪٵȥһִܹ֡
ҪЩҲǶһЩǳصļ򵥵֮ǹŸڳУֻصñȽûбӦǿľͻȥˡ
û˿ƵսǣлʲôҪô˳岻ȥһû춯ܱеսǣҶȥһ鶹ײˡ
ֵǡǾΪһȺСƭǣǵôáսѵô˵ǲҪһѵ֪ϷˣǻкصĺġƯŵһȺǿУ֪˭ڴЦ
졣ֲ޼ɵɢţûκεΡ
ʿǶѪӿ˫۷ڡϽһӡսĳǽâŴңźЩ
ҶʶȺ˸ӵķСºò˼һ㶼ûôĺ֮ǰǵΪҶʿǵǲƣ޲һһץʹһ١
Ӵǻиͦĺ󱲡׾ȻܿסĴСڵĺ̫ǿˣ̫ˡ˿ɢŵĽס߼˵ҶʣڵϷǰڵˡ
ߣСӦþͷҶʡ˻壬۷壬ܿסЦҲ֡ٴ𣬶ҶʿһߵĿ˵ҶʵЩ䣬ȻǾҶӡ
ɱ𷢷衣ҪʰҲǵ档Сӿż˱ŵãһܷģʱ鷳ˡҲ뵽ʲô䵭Ŀѵ
ʲô棬û˵ҪѵǴ㻤һӲɣ
ǿҪסǷųˣͬɱǲ֡ǾԲһǿ߳֡
ߣ
ݵĽ̸ˡϳҶʵҶЩ˼ġҲűű˼С
ȻȺ˲һģӦʱһ𡣿ܶǱ·ĹŸһսǵĴ㡣ΪӣΪ˵ң߶ǡ
⿴ҶʳˣЩĵҪʱŪøӵĻˡ
ҪСƨûߣҶǵһʱתܡҪСӵҪ˶ԼĻˣվŴ̼˵һǰѱ˸˹˳ʰԼô졣
Сƨߣ걬ڳκˡȴûһ˷СƨĿֲ֮ҶЦȻǺܵġ
ȺûУ롣ҶʹͷͶ䣬һĲɡ
СӣΪǲʰˡǿ˴ȣһ̽ˣҲʼհѴҶһսϡ
˶ĬˣûռͬҲûȰ⡣ȻǶҶʵĿЩҶ̫Ŀˡ
ո˵ǻûУҶתߵСƨƽûаǿ߷ڼĽ̸һд⡣
ţˡô˵ʣСƨЩɬĵͷץҶʵһǣһûмСһ
ǾͶץɡҶһƽûŭҲû˵ȥץһֻһ㣬ȫûаκ˷
˿ʶǹЦĶҶСƨ׵ҲǹһĨЦݡ
ҶСƨֱǾ䣬һپƹޱȵĬ˶һ㡣һһ͵ģţݵޱȵı档
šСƨɬĵ˵ͷ
СƨҲûʲôӳһƬӵ·ǶͻȻһ㡣


323 ⣡
Ҷʵ£սһͷ˯ʨͻȻת˹ŵʱ˳þһֻСè䣬ֻǸʾŲһѸ˹ǽʾǱܵߵϡ
ˡ˴šȻû뵽սǻ˵Ŀ¡ǹŸﶼĵزҶʾȻһô۵Сƨ˵һ仰֮󣬸ӿµǲ۵СƨͻȻǱһͷӿͻ
ǰŸ費ôƴֻܼսǵĲֵСƨﲻһˡҶĿסԼһΪСƨҲܹĿսǡ
ѾˣҶʺǷŭСƨܹĸӦҶСƨĿеĵλֱߵҶ˵Ļ˵ȹ˵ĻҪáСƨʱĽҶʵ񣬳ʮ
һµʯԵֱ۴ǽٶȿ쵽˼£еһǿץȥʯԵֱ۴ִޱȣ˸ž⣬ɡ
Ⱥһӵɢܾ˵Ⱥҵ˷ɢˡ
һжͽͣھԵʵǰЩֻ˵ǿﵽ켶ǿߣСһǰθΣºҵĶߵ˵˶ƣûһô
ʯԵֱۣûоͷһ㡣θ壬ֱҲӳ¶ֱҲץ϶ĿꡣҪҪñ˵ǰ֮ǰû˵ãֱ۾һ䡣Ҫǰ֮ǰҲ˵Ǹˣֱһץ
顣顣顣ϡϡϡ
ûһܹѵġЩʯǿץһʯͷʯͷ˾ҵײǾϡ
ȴҶɱҲҶҪһ򾡡Ͼ֮ǰڵǱ˹תˣƮ죬Ҳûʲô˵ʲôҶ
ĻҹȺд󲿷˶вɢſֱߴֻʣˣЩСȺкҵıĴ
˶ٵʯۣջ˶ٵʯۡȫ˳ǽϣҶʼǰÿһʯжһ켶ǿûжһҲûôһġ
ÿһ˶ޱȵĺȻʯоҵţҪѳҶȫԪƴķʯι쳣˿ôֻǰͨ죬ȻûκεķӳԪתöôľңȫʯ۸ץסˣֻʣһԴ¶档
СӣſǡȻ鷳ġԼˣһ㡣˼Ѳʼ˿ţĳҶʺȵ
ЩˣҶûǣתͷСƨȷϵ
ЩˡСƨͷ϶ҶʵĲ²⡣
û©ģҶʼʵ
û©ġ˵໰ġǴģСģһ䣬СƨЩ˵ԸЩˣǻֵ
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ҶʾȻȫûаǷ۾档ʼնûһ£Ǳŭ˵ޣһըëˡ
룬ҶЩᷳСƨ˵
СƨٺһЦ֪кϷҪˡҶʾǺã춼įӣÿһ̼ޱȡһУʯ۶սһЩһҶΪģųһԲ״
㲻ҪҺÿôھվҺÿҶʼЦ˵һķ̡һԴżйôڶΪ˽ˣôӲֱ
ҪÿҶƣһ޴ĽɫƳһӣžžһƬӰԲһֱȵһߣÿһʵʵİҶһơ
൱ҶƵһһȻΪڱСƨסˣһΪӲϽʵʵİҶһƣÿһ˵϶һͨӡ
Сӣÿһ˶һˣû뵽ҶĸҶ֡ûһ׵ģޱȵֱӵľͳˡѸٵĻعһŭͷԣɭޱȡ
Ҿôšб£ھ͹ҧҰҶһ㶼£ǳһǶ⡣
žžһƬһҲһͨӡһ¿ͶԳˡ
ҶʵĴÿһΪپˣƤĺҲ볣졣Ҷ֮ն߸ߵĹиùģݶҶʸ˼ţմȾѪ˿Һ˳


324 ô
ҶԽԽ񫡣һһµĶԸղЩǿߵĿгͷеĻ˳ȥ
ǵϷ˿Ҷһ¡
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ҶǴˣһһµĲͣĳšžžžһƬİûֹͣȻ˸ɣȻŴһ¡ŴţҶʶ֪ǰʲôˡ뵽ʲôֵôݴʾʹһ¡
Ҷʸоޱȵˬ죬˵İƾˬ졣ƽռץ켶ǿߣȻԼġҶ붼룬켶ǿ߳ǲˡ
û뵱ȻʵˡǿǸ߸ϵ켶ǿ߰һǴ׵ĸһԼȶ⡣⻹һһһȺų˶ӣ˶ƶġ
һĶԭòˡ¸ߵİģȻҶͳһֻһͷ¶ţҲֵ߰ݵģʱԴ˼Ȧģһŵͷ
ҶСӣҺû꣬һҪɱ㡣ʵǸе赽˼¡ƽʱǲߵʲôطȥֻҪǵҵġҿǵǹģ˸ôԴǵġ
ӴйҶʴСţ̧һ˳ȥ
Ȼ˵ֻһ˵ģҶҲֱ治塣˵ˣһȺʲôˣѱĶûаʲôġֻҪӲҶʾһƣȻսҪƽȵ
ҶӢۣ֪ˣŹǰɡ˱ˣʵǳŲȥˡⶼ֪˶ٰˣÿһƲֻǴϣǴʱƨãֻаġ˵ڣҶһӣ˭֪˭˭
˸ˡ˱ѾᶨĶҡ˵ĳ׵ıˡҲŴĺšһˣҲûʲôˣֲԼһ˿ˡ
ôϴˣһΪܼһʱҶʿ˵гź
֪ˣҲˡϷˣȥսǵˡʹдǵһƨˣǰɡҶʵҶһһʱ䣬һյʱ䶼˵Ǳ尾˼һҶٴζ֣Ͻš
Ȼ֪ˡǷ֮ҪܵͷģǽôҶƣһǲĵӡ
ʲôгͷղŲǶͷôҶһ㶣Ȼ޵
ţҲǳͷô˵ǲˣҶʼɻʵ
㣬ǲͷ˾͸óͷǰɡҶصľģӲͷƤҶҪͷ
ǾΪװɣҲܿƵסǡȻĻҪǱô졣ҶǹЦȺҪǲһӴԺٲ鷳ġ
ʲôǲܡԸҲҪΪĵ˶һ㶣Ȼңƴ׼
ҶСֵܣ˴ˣʵ̫˰ɡԶеǿҲˡȿԿҶʳЩˣǿԵûпϾȵġ
ҶҪΪЩ˾Ͳòվ˵ˡǵѣĿǾôȥ
ңʿ˵ΪһСôӲİ˵Ϊͬڲк˵Щ˵ֱɱ˸ӵĿ¡ҶǴĵִģܷС
ôģҲҪԡǣҪֱɱǡ֡ҶûиҷĻᣬֱӿںȵ
СƨЩɻ󣬲ûеһʱ䶯֡˵Ϊɲģ˵ǳ鷳ģܻеʿʮֲġңҪСƨҲᰡ
Ҷʿ϶Ŀ⣬Сƨûκεİ취ӲͷƤ˵Ҳᡣ
Ҷһ㶣Ϊ߽׵ʿ׾ܹϵͽʿΪʵҶƫˣҪȫķϵˣǺףֻҪ˵˵һӶԵˡõ˵ľ磬ǲκ˶ܹ쵽ġ
СƨܵΪҶҪƱ˵ŻѳԼᣬϣܻ£Ҷʷ뷨
˵ˡҶǰȥִСƨļͷϡ
谭Ҷʶصΰ͸СƨССƨܵһ飬ΰűܵĿܡҶ˵Сƨǲеġ
ԭⲻ˳Ž£͸ǵעЩץڶǿߵʯ۵С


325 壡
ҶڵصΰСƨǿ޵ķŴˡҶóϢģӴʯɢ˾Ŵ
ȻҪȰ켶ǿ߶ϽĺˡմȾЩΰվҶԵİ˿ˣҲǲҶʵŲŲ
һ̣Ƕܹܵ˵ͻȻ˵İԵųһֵԪֵĴѹסһСҾżʿоЩϤɽųһִķǺơ
űϵĲͬɽеİԵױȵģ˭İʱİԵΰҪ࣬ľǲκεĴϣųһС
ʲô
ҸоԪڿٵʧ
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ס֣
Ǵ׳ʯ϶һűʯץסǿߣѸٵĽԪİ롣
һʼЩǿ߾ʹΪʵ̫ھˣˮǰԵİš
ԪȡģǽʱĴķƬѸٵıȡʧ˿С
ÿһǿ߶ֵ˼£оڿٵʧԵʧ֪ǰŸܵСĸоٴεϮͷӸ߾ѸٵĽ䵽;磬ǷǳĲӦ
㲻֪ЩԪȡսǴҶһڹעСƨһڹעЩץǿߡ
Ҷһκ˶õġЧˣʵԽǿܵ˺Խ¡
Сƨ˷ѣҶЩҪܵͻȻϮŵСƨĻҶʶСƨһµĳ嶯ˡ
ʵ̫˷ˡһȺǿͬʱڵԪǳǾ˵ġɫԪʵԵϼЩ켶ǿߵڲϵð
ҪԼѾ۷״̬ʱҲûгصĴ㡣ҶĶ˳ȥĴˣԡϼСںĶŨԪûһطŨԪ˰ɡ
ЩԪǱģǱȽº͵ġ
СƨȻ˵һֱ۾ŵĴġСĵĿҶڵʲôΰСƨҲܹܵʯϵġ
СƨֱˣȻޱȡ⵽ʲôȻôµáİһǿʿΪˣʲôǱӵĿµġ
ʿУ߸˿ʿµʵ޷µʵˡ
Ҫ֪ҶʲẦԼСƨ뷨Ҷ𿪸ӡĴˡ
ҶʵĻСƨѸٵĻعѾ˳ˡʲôԪʲôƬСƨһŵյȫա
Ȼ࣬Сƨ꣬Ҳʲô̰ãҲʲôֵĴƬӴͻͻȫСƨˣӡǵÿһ䡣Ϊһ塣
ڱ˵УҶʴȹʯԵֱϾͲðԪϼˡٳȡе켶ǿڵԪƴţǻûг׵ɢģƯΧԪ
ʯ۽⻪͸ǱԪŵġܿεץе˵ȫ
ôԪҪǴƬСƨµ·øࡣսе·ҲĶԵøӵĲˡ
ҶһֱڸӦȺ켶ǿߵΪôֲİ£յʱ䣬ҶˡʯеҲʧˡ
Ҷ˵һĶ׵ΪҶһȽˣҶģЩһϣԼҲǲսܵġ
Զ켶ǿߣڵ׵ǿߡһήҲңȫһӲ˺üʮꡣһնͣʧȥǿģĸоԶʧȥˣޱȵĸо
˿˿ҶʵǹֵֹġΪǶ֪ղŵһУ˵ҶʴġȻ֪Ҷʵе׻ʲôܣÿ¶һʱ򣬶ôޱȵ𺳡
Զѵ켶ǿ߶ĴһոȻѵĲǣǶǵǰġԭΪ켶ѾԺˣֻҪŭֵ׷ɱ
ô֮󣬺δȥõġҶʸһΣ˵һӡ
켶Ǻǿ󣬵绹Ÿӿµδ֪ܶԸǡҶɵľеһ֡
û˸СҶˣһҶʵ񶼳˽䱸˸֪Щʲô϶ǰҶΪǱڵвˣҶҶʶûʲôø˾ˡ


326 
ҶˣСƨҲǵһʱоˡѸٵ۾ЩźЩС㡣
ЩҪæǿ߷һΣյźţȻץס˵СƨҶʵҪСƨİвˡҪСƨˣոյãԼٶץסһǿߣҶʵĻҶʻᶯô
Ҷ֪ࡣǰǿСƨôԸ⣬ûйãҪСƨѡ񣬿²ҶʿڣֱӶ˰ɡ
ȻҶһȺ˿ޱȣСƨ֪ǳ֮⣬ľҶǿˡûٸСһȺˣǰ˵ѪĽѵͰ˭ҷ
꣡Ҷ꣡꣡ս꣡ȥѰҹŸȻҶʼˣǻЩĵġҶСƨǿֶΣѾ֤һСƽ
꣡Ҷ꣡꣡ս꣡
꣡Ҷ꣡꣡ս꣡
꣡Ҷ꣡꣡ս꣡

ʿҲѸٵĸŴǰĵ£ǰܵίȫûˡҶʺСƨһӦеϣһԼսǵһԱеԼսǵеԺҪݣҲҶʵǿƵıֵİɡ
ʲôܱȵ˵棬Щ߸ϵһĸӵ𺳵ءοҶһ⻹ǳôôĸɴࡣΪҶʼ̫ЩС˼ȫûˡޱȵǡ
Ҷʵʾ£ȻСƨޱȵĿǻǲҶʵ˼Ⱥҵʿ˳ǽϡ
СƨǻҪٳȡһҶʲˣҲûа취ġοҶʸոôһ֣СƨҲ̵ӡ󣬲ʱҶʡɽڲûգҶʣҶʸùϵԺûлġ
ǶսǵĳǰʱǳЩҪˡһܺǰɡҶʽǰԼķԸš
ȥȻ࣬۾ڲزסЦ⡣
ҶҲͬĹޱȣȴû˸ҷˡҶ֪ҶôҪɱӺȺ켶ǿߣôҲͷʶ˲١
ھôսϣΪˡֻҪͷԵˣֻҪǳŵʱԴûбżйˡǿǺ󶼲˵İɡҶôһݣҲȺ˵ùԼײҶʵǹˡ
Ҫ˵ܿһЩҶֱõߵһ򾡣ǿеڳſڡȻҲΪڣԺʲô˵Ҫ־ҪǳԲѷҪ־ҪǶ˲öͷ
˵Ҫˡǰ˲Щǿߵһšǰûа취ΪΪ⣬ȫ˹ÿһ˶ҳһרʿķļӳֹġֱİһʿʱһЩ֡
ǲ֪ܶ࣬Ҷô˼˶òµľֻֻȥֻ֪ҶʰǳһǺǸмˡ
һĶޱȵʱĿٵҶʵ񡣻Щǿˣ˼ᡣº¶ҪѺܴܰǸ
šҶʴһ
Ȼʱ򿪳ŻЩΣաһĶҶޱȵäĿĳݣ˵ھ޴¡¡лĴˡ
λŸ͹ȷʵǲսСߵʱʱһ¡ҶʿڴȵشҲϳˣûҾҶʣٰҶʡϣҲҪΪһ󱲡ҪϢǻӭҪҪǵңȻСΪôһǲӦġ
ĬһĳĬûһ˿ڣ룬Ҳ֪ôҶʵĻ֪ҶʵҪʲô˼
ǰһЩļһСᣬΪСӺ۸ǣսǵİաСôҲлûгְЩƵˣҶʴսǣǳĵҽϢҶʷŵ̬Ҫˡ
Щ˵ӣҶʲΪսǰ˶˸顣ԼǻҪǵģһֱڳСҪǳȥĪı˸ƹǾͻˡ
ҶСֵΪʵĽҵȷʵЩҪ˽⡣ҶСֵܽǣ˽˹ߣš΢һ˼˳Ҷʱȭˡƽ۽ûѹˡ


327 ǣ
˴ͷ˸硣ҶЩԥˣҶֻûдҶҪǶֵǸСƨҶǳǰȻûĺܹ֣վߵߣѾıԼ̬ȡҪǾôĻôȥҲ
Ҷ൱ˣ˴˫һ̨¡ֲڰѹϵֽҲᶪӣԵõԼҪĴ𰸣ֶΪء
ЩԶǿ˿˳Ҷʸ̨׾ˡ
ҶҲһȻ£ЩҪĶĵҪµĻҶҲͷޱȡƱصĻ˶͸ڻûгɳ㹻ʵԱҶ˵ǷǳĲġѾâ¶ˣҪǻ֪ջбĵʰġ
Ҷʶǰĳֲڡǵɫ㹻϶ǲ˰ҶǷˣ϶кܶ˶عصġսǾͻ߰ġ
еӭλǰǣСһŸúõĿλҶҲϵǿ߹˹֣΢࣬һսڲһơ
սееľ˵춼һرӡȴҶˣսǵպǽšԭسǵıһ֮ࡣоյĶȹˣӭһˡ
Ⱥ˺ر𣬶ǿޱȡ඼ǳѾõģܶ˶֪Ҷʼ˵󣬲֪⻹ģ˰λҶʼͷ
ҶҲǾ˵֮꣬һһǿ߽ܡԼ֪Ĺսǵе鶼˵˳˵ĵȻҲһûᣬҶҲ֪ʲô˵ܡ
ŸǱϾǲܰе鶼˵ҶûǸҪҲûǸܡҶ֪ĶһЩϵģÿһ˶֪ġ
磬һĴųеĽЩ˵ΪȻܹǽĲġһҲˣеÿһˡ
ҶʱͲ֪Щ˽ʲôȻǵʱ򣬾˵ҪһЩ顣ûмſڣҶҲûżڶսˣҶд󶨡켶ǿ߶ҪصĴ۲ܹӳȥοЩ켶ǿߡ
ҶҲ˳ƵĸǽЩӵ˵СƨŪˣôҶɲСӵӵļɵˡСƨȻҲͽһε
Ҳʲôܣвٵ˶Ѿ˵ˡҲ˲뿪ģҲвٵ֪ġ
ҶСֵܣǺ֡ҶһսҲ˳ƶΪҶһ䡣
ⲻǹάԲûʲôò˼ġȻûۿǽʱ½ϵĴţҶʸոռ̵Ҷһ޵мսĲҡ
Ҷ˶˳ҲǹŸϳСƨܹӦеͻ״κ˵ĵҡ
ڳѾ˵ҶһȺȥÿ죬Ҳ죬ʱ򻹴һȺˡ
ô飬һֱϢڽֱġеӴĺߣڳǽѡһȫλãһֱڹ۲ѹ۲һʱ䴫ݸˣˣҶʵΪҶ֪ġ
ÿһ˿ҶʵĿⶼǲεĳݣУҶʵ̫ˡҶһȺ߸ϵǿߺȥģŪöԷûƢַϵ˼ˡ
ÿһѾ߿ҶʵĿⶼģˮһ񶼿ҪҶʸڻˡŰͦصĸҶߵİ˿ƵĿ⣬ЩѾһŻ𡣺޲ðѰ˿Լȥ
ҶʷԸ׼ϯȺ˵Ķɿ˺ܶࡣ̫࣬ѾҶʳжණĴҲɲµġ
һľϯԺ档̫ůģò⡣Ҳ࣬Եޱȡ
ԱдѾԷˡȻ֪Щ˲õǿߣǴұӦеĹԵñ΢ҶʸĪֻҪҶ֪ҶǲǳԿġ
ЩѾ߲нЩǿ߾нˡһձֻаƨ˵ϣûʲôŵĴү棬Ǿƶºˣ˵ʲô˵ĻǵҶʡ
ЩˣôʹӦˡⲻԼҶʸǱ֯ôֱ֪ڳˣõõСġ
ҶЦûôһ졣⻹ǶǰԸǿǰڻôСĵš뵽һ󱲵ǰҲôС


328 Ͻǣ
ҶСֵܡлľˮھҲȹˣҲԹˡ֪ܷСֵܼ⡣ϱǿܲˣվҶʱ˱ȭ
ʵ˵ʲôҲˣҲˣ˵Ŀһǳֹ֪ʲôζġǳһ¾ͲٶˡǲóԣսǳеĻʳܻ᲻óԵô
µİǼɵҶʰϾԲסҶʵôģ˭ܹĵĳԷġ
ҶҲ֪ȺǿǱԼҪƷˣԴҶֻԼǳĳԷİûбʲôС̡ԼֲǳԱ˳ţûг֮ǰżйû¸Լôǿĵ˸
ҶҲŷǳǿҵĳɾ͸С׵ʵӲǰһȺ켶ǿ߸ųӡӦöͷһΰɡ˭ܹԼӵţƵġڴ֮ǰҶԼİ
ȻֻҪ֪ģʲôܵ飬һ֪ңԲ˿ҶʱŴЦЦȻֿٵתһ飬Ҫôжô棬Ҫôжôࡣ
ǰо˵ĲǴսģ֪һ˿֤Ȼĺ̬ܿȷŵ㹻ĵͣ㹻ƽ׽ˡ
صˣ˵жͬʱһͷǽҪĿģһжĿ쿪Ĳ
žĲﴫսǲ㣬Ҳյ㡣ǴȺͨÿһ㹻ǿ󡣵ȴۼһ𣬳Ⱥӵһǰսֻ·ϵһ㣬Ƕˡһ㣬սееľ֪ġҶ׼˵ǣûʲôֵģһʼѾϵ˻
Ŷܷ֪ȺҪȥη̲סʵʵ̫ˡȺͨǵضÿһԵȵĿÿһ˵һ
Ҫֵ֪ı󡣼Ȼôͨôܹҵһ˳ֵģսҲ˼֣ʵܵõչ֡
ȿȣǲ֪ͻȻֵģͻȻʧˡû֪ǴģֻȥŸҲ׷ȥˡһеĶԼҶʸоԼûд·һɿԼֻᵽͻȻʧˣûᵽԼԭʡȥ˲Ҫ鷳
ܷ֪Ÿĸ׷ȥģҶʵ˵˴һưˮŸһ׷ȥˣ϶кôġȥʲôûˣϽҶѯʹŸȥ
ǱߡҶָ˶ûʲô
ȺµĺۼôԣֻҪЩ˼ܹҵģûʲôıҪҲסҶҲΪŸ׷ȥܹռ㹻ĺôȺ̰˸ȥʱˡ
ǳԱ㣬ͲˡҶСֵܣǾʹ˱ҶվͳһĳҶһȭȥ⣬ûжڹ۲Ҷʵ̬ȡ
λȼôҶʼţһ׵Ĺѡ
վʹ˱СֵСֵܺϼıл⡣ٴζҶʹ˹֣ʾȥѾͿҶòߡ
ãǾͲ͡ҶҲûйΪѣһƣû͵˼
Ⱥĥߴ棬ҶʿûгԺõġոڳͷôƣǿóԶ
ҶȷʵûΪѵ˼Ҷǣһӵϵĳ˳ȿֺģһͱҶʸץȥˡҶûͣҲûбκεֻҪҶʲͺˣ˭ûԼȥ¡Ҫ׷ϹŸ裬Ҫһ˰Ѻôˡ
ҶСǴƣΪôӵòȻҲ˲ģ˵
ҲҪǸ¡ҿСӾ㲻˻壬ҲҲ˶ҶʳмӣûΪҶԱ񣬾͹ıҶʵġ
ˣ˵Ͻǣ׷ϹŸ¡˳ǳ⣬ֹ˴ҵļۡ
⻹ûԶ޼ɵ̸ۣǶľġǰȺ˵һЩ˵ĻģǶû˭ҶߵСƨ׵ˣһ©ץˡֶʵ죬ûҪԼҲһΡ
θֱӾ˵߾ˣûǹڳſڵġͬ顱ġҶʲˣһʲôȥˡ


329 鷳ˣ
ȺǿĿ˵ǲֻȥġ·ŵʱǰͬ飬ʱڳͷϡ
һĶѾ˹Ȼ˵ЩǷϵӣѾʧȥҪӡһĶԵǷޱȣϻŻ衣
ΪвսеľѶԭǸ߸ϵǿߣҶΪ֮󻹱ʾڵǿߵ׺ͨʲôͬ
ŵǿߺʱܵĴǵò˵𾴣Ҳһñ˸еµġڳʲôӣǱ˵ĺһɱΧָָ㡣
һãһáȺҪˡżʳ˹ΪΧ۵Ⱥʵ̫ˣΧˮйͨģֻÿڽ
ȺϽһÿһ·ͨҶһĵЦ⡣
ۣ衣ǳԵĺúŶԺҲȥҶʺˣҵҲܲкóԵˡһͷԵСкǴ򿪵ʳУݺݵһڿˮһƯٸ˵
ɵӡΪ˳һٺõģô˵ôôĲֵáְ֪ˣƨɸáߣؼóԵȥƯٸϴ˵΢Ц簮СкԴսڲȥ
ҶʵǱﲻסˣСӵĻŪÿЦõġ
һȺˣǻǱŵǿ߶Ҫȥɫͨ죬һͷõ͵͵ģ޲ڸطȥ
ңǰһ㡣Ⱦҡʱոڳ͵ǿǡ·һۼǿ߿ˡǿһĵݣгϣ޲ץݲ֡
ԴҶתͷһȺɻҲڴܲٷʲô
ߡȺ׵ǿʧˣȺзһͳһȺǿ߶ĿбӵѸٳ뿪ˣʼû˵һ仰ͺǶʶһ
ոȼϣûѿѸٵˡЩŷ֣ҵĹϵûԼôáƽʱ̫˽ˣʲô֮׷Ī
Ƕ񲻴ӡһپͲóˣֱӵɡҶһȺȺǿǰ뿪žͳˡǰһĻҶʿڣ˵
ҶҲİϾֻҪˣԼûʲô취ˡȻսеʱ򣬴ҶͿӣ˭֪ԷĵʲôҪ뿪սֱ֮ӷˣһͨƻô졣
СƨڣҶһ˱СƨϢԶԶĵһǿߵм뿪ЧֲᱻԷĲ
Էֱ֮ڿԼָķ׷ȥҶһ鷳һȹˣ֮ͻɺܶˡ
ҶǿҶˣһȻҶǴҶԼʵͼıӮĺøСԶĺѴĳνȥˡ
ҶС磬ġ
ҶʣҰ㡣
ҶҪӡ
Ҷʺˣû뵽Ⱥ˵ķȻǰ˵ԼŮӶۺƯǰ˿ֲ֪ʱšҶʵĸ첲ϡ
һ˵ҪҶӵŮӣҶ󶼿ˡǰ˿̫󣬰Ҷʸš޵ġҶƤ񣬰˿šһûʲôԡŮӣ߰˳ߣΧҲǰ˳ߡ
ҶʴŴĶӣûбΧʱ򣬾Ѹٵܳ˰ΧȦ
ڼҲŲٵ켶ǿ߸ŲеĺۼвŰġֱֵʶһȫǵ̽顣
ûиӦŸ͹Ϣ֮Щ˸ӵĿֵľҪֱӳսȥͷϵҲɵһԴ˲ܲ˵ģǴ˹С
ЩҲ⣬̧ȾҪȥۼ⣬˹˳ſϵļ綫̧ĽѸٵķˡ
һȺϸĹ۲죬ȷ϶ˡЩ˾Ī϶һ亹գ˵ˡ
ͷϹŵˣһǸӵĿġʱأ˳ͷʾڡµǣģΪôֻˡ׵ʿǶ֪ɱ˶ˣûʲôֵþȵĵطȺ֮ǰǺһȽ׵İ
ѵսǣǹԼ˳ȥġ뵽ǳһ亹
ԴҶҲ⣬ֻҪûԺϵĳͻҶʶֱӿͿսǡ
Щģ֪ʲô飬Ϳ˹ڳͷϵˣﻹҽȥġԶԶԶĴתҲƵˡ


330 
˺ܶΣҶʻǶûһ˸ҽǵģսһӱʲô̶ѨϾ֪Ϊʲôԭ˻ᱻΪڳͷδ֪µ鲻ǡ
Ҷʺˣֱӽһ˵ǣǿ߸ԶԶǺõҪϢľֱˣЧʸ˲١
Ҳޱȣ켶ǿߴ󺰴еġж˸Ҫ֮󻹲вĺ˵ģԶԶĴһллϰˡ
ҶҲ˵㻰˵һʱ䡣ô;ԲġӹȥʼʱҶ׼ʱĳ˳ͷϣȺǿ߸ˡ
ôˣ¾ҲȥˣҵˡҪв۵ģôץһ˵źˡϾʦǼףʱ䳤Ҳ÷ġҪЩʵѪҺҪһЩ׵ʯ̵ıʸС
Ҷ˵ķȺǿߣЩЩġϾദôˣȺǿߵСèСһ̫ˡÿЩͷʱ򣬴Ҷȿֺģʱ
ⶼǳһսǳſڹ̶ĽĿһÿ춼дµۿЩͷǳ˵ӡ
ûа취Ūһˡ˭˭˭ͽģ˭˭˭ģҶлᡣ
ȺǿǱûκεƢˡȻڣǺָûáڵԽ˾Խࡣ˸ӵĶ֮⣬ûκεĺô
ҾͶʵʵģŵʱͱĿϢʱԶʵʵĳԷԲԲڡкܳһʱ䣬ûб˯ŵëˡ
Ⱥ׵ǿ౻ľ˵壬΢΢ĻֽšڷԼĿеޱȵĶ񺮡
ҲˣѾ壬ȽŲѸٵԶȥˡ巢ˣ岻ЭˣܲŤô
ڷźݻʲôģǲûʱʹͷ
׵ĻҶʶûκεѹźݻֻҶʵһȭߡѾˣŲŲõĺݻҲνˡ
Ҷʲʰǡѹȹģ۸Ķֶǵ鷳ġΪ죬еˣҪӱˡ
Щ˾ԲŹôõĻġҪҸطúõȡȥȻһжõġǲ֪ǣⱲӶûµ켶ϣˡ
Զмɹ˹Ĳٶȿ쵽˼¡
ϵļͬʱ͵Ʋ
ǿʧķ̳졣ҶʺĿЩԶȥ˶һ֪ʲô顣
ңĲҡˢˢԼҶһ㶣ȻԩôԼǳĳķߵģǾԲԼŪʲô֡
̳ɢȥ˶ɫһݡ֮ǰһȺˣʱѾˡ˵ϡ
гǹ󵶣ɽꪡÿһŸɫĹ⻪ʾ䲻ſֲķ֮תԶܹܵõġ
Щ֪ôЩǿߣû˿ķ֮ȫ˵ϡʺĻŵѪҺ˳˵ϡ
˶з治ҶʶֵġҪǷλòǰԼվķλֻôһ龰ء
亹˵Ķͷϻ£һĻʵ̫ˡ
ҶϸĸӦƬ̣ܾЩʶƬ̺ɫ䣬ʲôʶǾʶǰøոռġϢǰõȺеϢôʱڶһϢӵĺ󣬸ӵĿ¡ʱļѣоҪ˺ܶࡣ
ؼңһؼҡƿطҶѸٵĻع
ͷ𣬿ޱȵĺˡ
ŭҶǺܿµģҶݵʧ֮󣬾ѸٵİҶ˵ĳսǣԼļС
սܲôҲǺзģǽҲǡҶй䣬ᱻ֪Ӻδˡ
СƨڵһʱҶʵߣƻץһȡ
սųšҶһСƨеļȣڵľ׽š
СƨڶҶʽäĿĳݣȻҶʵʵߡҶʵͷԣ͹ޱȵĶࡣ
ҲûжʣսǵĽǿʼм£һţһյԲ


331 Ÿ
ΪҶ֮ǰǿƵı֣һδǱڵΣҶҶʿ˵ޱȵΣֱһäĿĳݵȻΣҲǲСģǴҳȴûκεľš
ֱҶԼҪҶˣҶһ취һܹٴεıҵİȫġ
Ҷûϸ룬ֻǴŵĸӦսǵ˶Ѿûĵˡζ벻ԼһˡȻΪˣ׼ȷ˵սǵıˣǴĿеСս
Ҷʲ֪Щ֪ҲûпеʱȥЩ⡣εĶȹǰΣҶ˵ǵǰҪ顣
Ҷʵָ£սųһšһԲʯ򣬵תšսڲľһѾҶʵķԸȫȫĶ档ܲκεתҲûκεĲʵĸо
֪ǲǰܵҶʵĴ̼ʱľײתŵսϡûдʲôʵԵƻսǱͼޱˣټϻڲͣתж
ǷҪôֱӱжһԵĵ档ҪôǲһϣҲûа취һˡ
ԶԶȥһɫ˶ޱȵģһСɽͷһڵתš𷣣ǵƿն򲻶ϵҡ
жȥ˴벿ֵǱϾӴ󡣻źܶϣ˴⬡
εĽһһҹʱ䡣ڼûмϹǻЩţǺܿľΪûܵκʵԵ˺ǸóԷĳԷ˯˯ֻûа취Żˡ
Ҷһ˾ĴСսеĵطһֻһĿռܹԾⶼǼӲʯµġ
СƨܹסСƨĸӦ֪սϲսǱɵԱ߸ҵĲŲ١
Ҷ˼ȻܾôķˡԼҪ϶˻ҪġЩÿһѰû뵽һӳôࡣ
Ҷʵʾ¡СƨòսǱݣȫ˴Сԭת򣬿ʼΧƶ̵ģҲͽ˴С
һʱиɫ⻪ӳҫ۾бҫһƬɫĹ⾰ɷǺÿ
ҲǸӦҶʵԭڶ΢΢ڿնҶʳ
ҪǷ·ǺصĻһȺҶͰȾˡ˵СƨŪ
ڵȻ࣬дôࡣҶ޾壬ɢŨĽ⣬̼Ÿȫ渴
ҶʾȭңڿտĴŲշת˵Ҳ֣˵еı϶Ҷʣ˶ܲ˵ġ
ϡϡϡ
Ҷʵһ˫ɫȭͷײ˾ҵĽʱбҶʸڵϣ£Ȼ˹âٶˡ
İȫҶѡûҵһѺֵġûܹƸˡ
룬ҶҲȻˡҪô׵õĻǿ綼ôˣԼҲ缶ӵˣαصȵڣϣЩСһĴؼ֮ƸĿ¶޼ô͵õ˵ġ
ҶʿۡײҪ˿ûƯÿġʸáСƨҲòšһѵģʱʱȴһͭһһĶһߣȥˡ
ҶʶˣȹŸǻͼˡҶҲǲߵģռط˵ѾҶҲûôҪֻͣļѣҪ͵ĻЩҶʶ˼ͳ֡
һĺʧˣΪҶûмСƨչսǡеһ顣
һûκεⷢҶʵʾ£սֹͣתչˣƽһ̺һԭĵϡ淢⣬ٴؾ
ĵٴսǡľ߳˽յķţɹ̫滺塣˵ûдʲô仯ֻ൱ڼϢѡ
һҶ߶ŹŸôԼһ֡
ͷոͷ֡ԶǿҵƿһȺŤŤڿзšҶΪв۾Ϯʱ򣬸Ӧ˹ŸϢȺеǰ档


332 һ飡
ŸŤŤķһȺ˵ǰ棬λƵģǿҪƲסԼ塣ҶʶΪһѺ˻ôߣҲµˤ
ʱŸϢ̫ڵ΢ˣҪҶʵʶҶʶҪСƨְЩ߸ץˡ
ܶҲĵŹŸǷɹȵýˣ˶ĿɿڴʱĹŸ裬ͷңǱüҵͷϸô¡ͷҾˣȱһ飬ȱһġ
˵ĻͷŸһ·ҵĲ״ôϣǿܹסҪ
촽ѣѪ˿Ҳܲ˺ۣ˿ѾˡɫҰܲ˼ӡ
ŸһôˣһȺҲǲӣûбȹŸ϶١бȹŸҵģʧȥһұˣϣ˿ƽŴ̵Ѫ顣߲㱻ضϣ˲ţϵ˿ڶܹڲ䶯Ĵ󳦡
ҶʿĿɿڴȥ赲ȺһȺͷˣȻ˰ɡȻĻôôĿ£ƴ
һȺ˶ûκεĵ¶ҶԵޱȣҶʷͷԾ뷨
ϴսǽȫȻǺޱȣȴûʲôѪ¼ҶʰЩߣҲֱץΪعŸ輸һ˳ҪСࡣһΣʵʵڵ켶ǿһΣӡ˿ľġ󣬵ʲô飬˵Ĳҡ
죬׼ӡٷԸȥȡҩҩҶģվڳǰŸ֪ҶʱĲϽҶʴԵȻ˽
ҶȻкܶʡ֪ڲʵʱڼ⼸սǶˣҪ˵һˡڳдҶҶʵûʲôΥˣʱɡ
ҶʸϽתȥѹŸĽԸȥȻҶȥȡҩҩģЩԥ뵽ҶʱΪҲҧҧȻȻȥˡ
ҶҲһ㶣ȻȻ˵ˣǹŸҪ󣬿ɲԼҪ󡣿ЩûпŸģСѾˡ
ǶæµҶҲȥֻͣ˷ʱ䡣ǿ˹Ÿ裬ȻȻľһˡ
ҶʷԸãŸһҲ˳⡣ҶѾǿŸһȺ˵Ӻ󣬶һ¡ȻҶʵУϿȥ׼˵ľˡ
Ÿõģ򵥵ĻظЩԪôԼֺһҩɵ̣ʱظ˼ԪϽ༸˵õȻʱİЩ񻯣ǻŸһ
ȻŸƣޱȣǻǵսʱѾûд󰭣ǿҶЩ
Ҷʰĸ̣СͷһǹġʱԼģԼҲⳤģŸҵģҶʵҲӲûʲôìܡ
뵽ЩԼı֣ҶԼҪԼˡҪôŸܵģҲֻܰˡ˰ˣ͵Сүҵһˡ
ҶЩĲɵŹŸ轲һЩЩصĽʲôŸոߣǿԼʾˣȻƽҲϮʱԼСƨսǣƽĶȹΣյ顣
ҶʾûнڳԺ˶٣ὲֺʵ˶١Ҷ룬ԼⲻѣԼֻʱԵ˶ѡ
ȻûоǹŸ֪Щ˵ĿѲȻСƨҶˣСƨòע⣬ҲҶˡȻСƨڣҲǱԷˣתĽ
ҶȻ˵ĺƽǹŸҲǾһ亹Ⱥ˾ԼԼԴҲ鷳ޱȡû뵽Ҷһ׵ʿȻôĺáŸʣԼҲûа취ô
뵽ҶʱҲûа취顣ֻϣҶڣƾҶʵĹӣսǴԪ
Ÿ辪ҶʵжϣҲҶʵĹʱǸҶ˵ȷʵõһݵİ취ˡ
Ҷ˵Ѿף뿪֮ʱ˵ǼʿҲûа취ˣ˭뵽ᷢء
ҶʣллҹŸ裬ҹһǷһ顣ԺֻҪɥĲ飬ǿԴӦһŸֿҶʾһҶʲô취Ϊġ뻹ˡǱ˵˽


333 Ĺ٣ΰ
ҶʱŸͻȻĶһû뵽Ÿ˴ҪƽʱЦռ˵ĻҶʻվŲ̹ȻĽܡǹŸ˵֣أǴսǸҶһҶʱܵҪǱһɹԭأá
˰ˣ˵ʱʱ򣬸ͷ㣬ǳƽˣ˭ҲǷ˭ġ
ŸҶʼ̵ô䣬Ȼ뿪ˡ֮ǰֻȶסƾͳˣϾûа취ǵ̫ˡҶ˽֮󣬹ŸԭŵľͷŻ˶ˡ
ŸˣҶʵ˼ֻȻŸ趼ôĳԼһ飬ǿ϶ǻᰴŵµġ
ȥ͵ҶһأȥѵһءҶе㷸ѡǺܿľͷ˽пյ뷨
ùŸȥ͵Ҷ£δҲ̫С˵㡣ôʵ̫ûмֵˣװױ˹Ÿ衣ңŸ˵ӦѵԼһٵġҶҡҡͷ͵ɷʴһ׵ɲ
ȥѵһ٣ݺݵĳƨƨ뷨ǲһǲ֪һȺڵײʲôطҶʾԼܹݺݵʰˡô˷һᣬʵ̫ݳˡ
ҶʺܿľͰ뷨׿ˡûʲôرѵ飬ԼǿӦԣȵԼ첻ʱҹŸ裬ͷȥ
Ÿαչأһξһܵʱ䡣ڼƽ˾ģʲô鶼ûзҶʷЩˣһµĳëŹ֡ҶʺϣٷһЩͻԼơ
ҲˣΪʲôŸ·˵ĶءⶼǱİҪǲѧԼӣмܵ˵İȻǵӿ⣬˵ϡ
ҶƵ÷ţʿѾ˸͸һȺǿ߸ʰҶһŵѾ֪ʲô˸ˡֻʣһȺʬ壬˵ڵذϡ
ʰʰڿǾ޴ԶսַԱ˸ӡȻͰЩʬ嶼˽ȥǰôĿɶ񣬱ϾˣʲôˡشΪ
ԭλսŵĴϣҪǾôʬҰģ·˿Ҳδöģˡ
Ҷʲ֪ǺģǶȤζˡһӲʯ壬ֱӾÿȶƣµľ͸ŪķһĹĹֻм֡Ĺ٣ΰ
ҶʵĻ˵ǣЩ˶վڹ˸ӱˣǹޱȵˡΰǲ֮ӵĳгսǵҶԼô
ҶʵȵҪлˣŸڳˡ
ɾ·ͷ𡣰˶ĨƽˣŸ»ص״̬
ͷ񲻴ҶѶŸڴкȲ衣
ʱĴ»ָǰӣҶߵĹֻʲôһٵ·Żԭλ
ҶСӣô˵ġŸ迴ҶʸˣɫЩơ
ĴæչصĴæ˼̵ĹսǵŸ貢ûл˼ȥԼĸû֡
ոջָʵŸϴ󴩴ľҪȥȲϢոսŸ趼ûбըΡʲôûˣһƬĿտԼĿĵղضûˡ
ܻҶһʣŸ˿ԭŵ˴ȥˣҶʸûϡŸһһûмӡ
ǵҶʱ丮ϵĿŸôһ˵Ÿ˲ûбȥ°Ͷ˵ˡϸѯʹ󣬲֪ҶʱûڳԺȣԼҲˣдġ
Ҷ⼸ĿҪϵˡŸ㱩ߣҪҶʸһ١
뵽ҶȻںԺȣǻڰ£ŸŲǿѹеĻǴʱҶʹ˵ôɵģŸоոƽϢŭ˿Ʋסͷˡ
ٺٺ٣ųȲأҶҲ˹ŸɫЩԣࡣŹŸеĲ豭ҶӣŨĲ㱻˷θС
˵ŪһԭǷģڱŪⷿȥˡŸݸҶһ裬ɫ˵
һųҲϣŹŸԽͰӣҶûɵĴ˸ѧŸôˣôô˵أҶСĵӦţԲӦ䡣
ϣȻǿϡսǵսܹһصģôῴءŸЦԽĲˣҶԽΣգڵԼ


334 СүҼţ
ǹų˼ǣҪҽףҶ̽ʵϸĶŹŸ裬ĿŹŸı仯
ǲǣȻǡŸҡͷһ΢ЦҶʵо;ôô¼
ţȻųϣһ͸ǺˣӿһǺܲġҶʾĶŹŸ裬ں˵
ô͸ӿءǵĽ飬õ̸ô˰ɡŸ軹ЦеģǶǡ
ǣôˣ̸ȷʵǼˡǻһʣﻻ֪ųҪʲôҽءŸҪǾͺðˣҶ˲Цˡ˫˼ĴţһڴĿҶʡ
еʱ䣬ڿԺúõһġŸǰ˰֣ĺһڲ裬һܡ
ǣȷʵдѵʱ䡣ǻץ̸һ̸Ҫ̸ɣҲʱ価ϵӿǡŸ費żҶż̫࣬ҶҲûа취ߡսǴʱҲˣҶҲ˳ȥ뷨ˡ
ǺðɡҲڵЩ죬СҶڳԵĻɡŸ迴Ҷʼ͵ӣﰵЦ׻̫ˣס˵飬֮ҳһûκεĹ
ͦġҶһ㶣֪Ÿ«ʲôҩ˼Ļشš
ÿ춼Ա˰ɡŸһĹУһĳһ
ԱˡҶɵ㶵˵Ÿ赽ô£ѵ̫أͻȻתˣ
Ӳ˰ɡ

˰ɡ


ŸһֱһЩĪ⡣ȻҶʻش𡣺֪Ҷʲشһټӿ졣ҲҶʻشҲûиҶʻشʱ䣬ɿķš
ŸԽҶʣҶʾԽǾĵġܸоǰЦеСͷһֻŽƻЦݵĺ꣬֯һ͵Լȥˡ
ս֮ǰЩûʲôЩƽ֮ʲôĶڲһ˰Ҳ֪սϴʧأȱʳﰡŸͻȻһת߿ֱ£Ҷʶ㱻жˡ
ҶʰһȻŸһʼûжʲô˼һֱһӡ͵ԼԽԽİԼΡʱ򣬹ŸͻȻ¶ʤЦˡ
ʳ󰡡ΪľʳˣҲǼ˲١ŲҲе㸺𰡡Сһ֮սǻָԪôԶУҪСڲа˵԰ɡŸĴ󵹿ˮҲսǵ˵ĵط˵ȥ
ǶԣҶСĵӦţϵĲŹŸĿʲôʲôط
ԾˣʲôҲˣڵʳ۸ǡǱļ۸Ǻƽչʱ𣬼۸ˡǰӵֹˡҲҪˣȻ˵Ų۸ˣȥôûеҶ˵꣬ŸͰҶʵĻˡֹ˵һѵĶ
ҶޱȣԭͷһʼʹộǺưҶĿɿڴǣŸһӡһޱļҶ˽ĵݸҶһֽ
Ҷʽӵһ˹ȥҶЩһЩʲôÿʳ٣ڵǶ٣ۺϽǶ١
Ȼֿ±棬Ҳ˺ܶĶҶŪʲô࣬мǶ٣ۺϽǶ١
һͬǣʳǱߵļ۸ձĶߵףֱ˺˵ĵزҶʶԼԵĲʳֱӳԵĽˡһߵĶձ۸͵ףҲޱȵĺˣֱǰײ˼۵ͭ
ⶼˣҶۼ⣬мϴιŸ͵ʱԼԹˣΪϲθûҪҲˣҲǰνĿǰĸߵ׵мġ
Ÿ裬ǹӲšССүҸ㼱ҶܻغҪǿǵ򲻹Ÿ裬ҶʶгȥѹŸ谴ڵʹһٵĴˡ
죬Ҫ˵һȥ̰ҡڵмۻӵİȥʡŸһԩһ޹ʵ͵֣սǣм۲м۵ĻԼ˵˵
ȥˣȻٻʳҶǿѹеĻĶŹŸ衣
ѽ˼ҶʳˡҲ֪˭˭˭ˡŸһľȣҪôļپжôļ١
㡭ݡСүҼţ㻹ǷҵһҶһת߳˴


335 Ÿ
ҶʱŸСҶñܵģû뵽淭ˣȻŸһǡ
ҶҲûа취ġڱ˵ĵϣǱ˵ʲô˵ʲôҹŸһǴˣģѾŸǰһˡŸҪĵĲ黹ҶʻľûκεƢ
̹һˡҶʱԼˣŸ̵ĺһڲ衣Թ˲ľʧˣȡ֮Ǻһ̵ġ
Ÿôһսеǹڣװ˷֮Ǻεȵҡ
顱һ죬յķűñ俪ˡŷҺǹͦģûмԭλûֱӱɳȥ
͡Ÿոպһڲ裬ûڿǻлζͻĶһ£ֱһβʣ˳ȥ
ǹŸĵСսУУһŵʱŵģ´ŵ˹Ÿ衣Ÿ費ȥű˾Ͷˣ˭ıӵ˸ŹŸġ
СӡոջծҪҵһţ㲻¼ծôŸſڵҶûк˵
ҲʱڰսǣôŶҪǰ԰סģȻҵǮҶҲͷϣ˹Ÿһ䡣ѹŸȥһȺúõ۵˼
ôô˵ˡô˵ˣڳӡҵϡŸ谵û뵽ҶͻȻ뵽ôһƾҶʱı֣˵кܶ˰Ҷ˵ġ
ŸԼƽյΪԼԵҶСӡ˵ԼûҶСӵߡ
ˣúƽϡȱ˼·ȥˣ¶ˡ󵽵ô£ʲôҶҲú͹ŸƽϣѾΪʵ飬Ҷû˼ȥ׷ġ
׷ôѵһεıԷݺݵĴһΣ
ԭΪ鰡˵˵ʱҲ׷ȥôŸ˲ͷϵĺɫĸҶʽ
չŸǰķڲ֪֮֡ӲŸֹȥ
ȻŸƽնġǶǿЦӶ࣬ǻûŪģ¼ȺȥȡκεĴʩĻͿ̿嶤ˡ
Ҷʲ֪ǣŸԭҪġǿǵԼԪҲҶʻӻġҶʵϢȺ壬ҪŪʵ䷴ģȷҶʸɱǾ鷳ˡ
Ÿһҧ׷ȥ϶ȺƶȻƾż䣬;ܻᾭ۾ӵĳǳسȥ
ȻԪʣ޼ǹŸûй˼Ļӻţٶ˼¡Ҫٶȵûˢӣôɻ˵׷ɱĴδζѵء
˵Ҳ֣Ⱥֻ·ϵһУ֮涼ϡ飬ȴܱߵġŸĵӲͷƤһԴʱҲûиܵʮֵԵĻþ
ȻãӶôҲôࡣŸһĲѣҶϣܿľ뵽˰ȫĵطĵȴȺĵ
ŸҲһ·˼ˣ̸ĶһЩԸʲôȽϵѡŸôһ˵ҲԷжŸ衣
ԭΪһ·ϾôˡֻҪȺħɽŸʹһɽﶫһǿ֪ͨһ£ŸͲˡ
Ͼ޵ģڹŸ˵ԼֻġľͲܹŸˡϾѾǰ֪ͨˣܲƽȹҪˡ
֪ڲٿػôġԭ˵ĹŸ輸־
ȺͻȻıһ·ߣԭĹȻ˵ķûб䣬һµĻҪһĴˡεĻͻȻģҪȥɢѾǲʵˡ
˼ӿٶȣһôһ˵ȱ˵ĳΪǹŸҵģϾŸʵڲôáǿŸ裬⼸˶һأ˵ѣǳض
ǳؽ˽䱸״̬ҶӲͷƤæˡò˵ǳؾе̣ǳϿƯǿߣʱڿգ˾һ
Ÿȳ֣ҪȺûзӳʱͰȻɢ
ٶǼŭȺĴ˳һθǳص޲Ĺ
һǿ߱ɱնɱ˿Сȵʬ½һµ


336 Ĺ
սֱһߵĴûиıǰֵ쾡¡ûоǿʵʱûа취Ĺ
һɢһƴʿͻȻϰ°ˡֵĴУΪصʬӿ׹䡣
һ޴ĺӰײһɫʿϡͣŷһս˶ޱȡʿҺ߶ûзҳһţ׹˸߿ա
кܶ֫ȵ裬򱬵Դİ׵ıѿͷʬ徱Ѫ
Ͳսֱǵɱŭȴû˿İ취
ûа취Ǳһվǰ棬ĹȻ֪·һÿһǺηֻϣΪ·һߵ
ûܹܣҲܹܵô˶·ҪܵˣֻҪһֵ䣬ͿԻٵǳأҲǵļˡ
Ÿ輸˿Ŀѣŭȴûκεİ취ΪҲоޱȡԸʿֻҪһ
һȻ޷˵ǵġôأأء
ҶʷֹΪɲļˣնɱŸǵǱǰ⼸͡
ȻǵУʲôʩչȻǵʵԭزܿ¼֡
ֱ۱նˣ˽նˡ᧿Σ˵ò˶ãŸǳضᱻȫ
ŸͻȻЩˣԼôͻȻб׷ˡԼֲǾҲûеǸںˣԼҲȥˡ
ڼԽԽΣҲԽԽ൱ڵʱתˡ
ؼһŭǾһ㡣Ⱥƿѹȥؼֻʣһڻ졣
һͻıȣҲЩһ
ŸͻȻ棬֮ǰ˵ĸֵĺȴˡڹŸĶУôöôĶֱˡ
ؼĳˮӿŸ輸Ҫ֪Լڴ½ɣҪǲһ޼ʵĺϿաһǷŭ˵Ĵ󺣡
һ޴Ĺƣ׼ȷȺġѹˣȺѹ³˺üס
ǲһɢȻѸٵĻںϽ˵ڶм䡣ڶƲǲԶԶĳ˵һơ
ƣһعһơһƸգؼֻʣһ޴ķơ
춼ˣصӡȺϡ
顱һ졣ԭĿһȺɢˡһ㣬˷һҫ۵⡣
ٵֱѳΪڣѸٵʧ˷׹˵ϡ
սȥֻӰѸٵʧˡֻôһ仰ĵĻš
ǰڵסˣûпӰ
ɢˣٵʧˣҲûпӰӦǼһģŸ롣
ĹŸ˹ķԸ뼸ȥսˡҶޱȵƣҲޱȵȷʵʺϷɢߣҲûй˼ֱӾ͵ͷӦˡ
ȻǾͻˡǸӡŸ賤һеľġ˵һεˣҪǹǼʱе˵ľѾΪˡ
Ÿ費ɵ뵽ҶȺ顣ԽľˡĿ˵ǽҡҪҶûս׵ľͱˡڿѾһ˰ɡ
ȺĹŸ裬ûôĻΪսܵסġ
Ҳ˵һУȺˡ˴ǿߣҪսǵҡǱɢսǡҶüͷһο˵ͻġڶΣô룬ôǹŪġ
ܸоʲôıȻΪĸǿߵĶƿˣѹųҵġ룬ûд˵ϲռǿߡУҲôµŸЩʧ˵еɻ
ŶʲôϢҪҷҶʾùŸĻлǳϵĿڷʡ
ĹŸضҶʣ³ô֡ĹŸ벻ʲôŴЩˡ
е飬Ÿ뵽ҲǺġҶʶⷽĲ룬ֻûеõ֤ʵˡ


337 Ŀֱָɽ
˶֪һءǶģͨʿġǷŽȥһʱ䣬ܾпµĹ
ؾڣҲ˵ǵڣÿһѱʵ塣˵¼бʥءֻҪǿֻ֮Ҫǿǰıʸ񣬶ķڣС
ô汻ǿã˵󲿷ֶڣˡ
ÿһ˶֪顣˻ʲԵҲһֱġ
ûûȥڣλãϾ溣ıûǿǲĲۺġˣӢۡʵһľ֮󣬾ϣҵһѳֵıˡ
ûκ֪ڣʲôطɱˣǾǲȡȴԼȥʥһж˳ǸŸţôƾյʧˣʲôûС
˵ڣڼ֮ڡ˵ҲûпܣÿһضĪҲֻдɵ˻֮Ķǿɵĳ롣Ҳȫĵġ
Ҳ˵ڣУʱ޿̵Ķڱ任λȻܹ׼ȷǿ󣬾ͳȡġ
һ˵źܴĿԣǶûа취֤ҶóһͳһĽۣǾڣɵþˡ
һר֮¾ҵˣûа취һ֮ڣԶʧȵһ֣ȥȡڣ
һˡȻͳôģ춯ģڣӦϢʼ˶ġ
ڣֿ˵ڣһѱҲϴڣѾչֹˣеʵ⣬ĶӰӦʵıϵͶӰ
֪ΪʲôϴûдڣҪϴڣҶʴһ½־ͻһˡΪ˵˻ҲһɱҶȻǻûеģһֱƵ·ûչֳֻһѧ
ŸҲԼ뵽һ飬ҶҲЩȵġȻûڣǲζԼҲлᡣ
ûа취ȡڣܴȥôһжͺѣҲǷǳѡ
ôһʱ䣬֪֪ʲôطҶʼеʵޱȡ
ĺҪһȥһֱŵĶʲôӵġҪǡҶˮ
֪Ÿ跭ŰֱۣҶһưˮҶиոȼĻ͸Ϩˡ
Ÿȷʵ֪ԼǸһ·ǱȺǣ߰ˡƣӦܹЩʲô
ܻŻܰԼĲ²Ҷӡ֤ŸѾˡǸʱȥӦܹһЩ˿İɡ
ŸϣҶʼޱȵӣȴеòΪȤҶСץĻǲİɡ
ҶʵõԼҪĴ𰸡ȻǰѾ뵽ˡǱϾԼĲ룬ǲô׵ġǴʱĵ֪ŸҲ뵽ȥҶʾ;ͦ׵ˡ
˹ŸһڴкŲˮҶʻλƵ˳ȥˡҲƽϹŸڳԺڵˣùŸһ
ҶȻ֪ǺСģǻ̲סİעڣϡϾҶǺСˣ˭гˡڶ֣öֶĵ飬ҶǷǳԭȥġԼʲôòھԼѾӮˡ
ҶϴŸڴжԻѾȥ˼ʱˡЩ춼ƽ˾ģҶʲ޶Ĳ룬ǱǰԽһԽǿޱȡ
ⲻֱҶи˵ˡһƬ½Ƕмħɽ
ɽһ𴫱½ѹסһеʧֻôһڲͣĻص
Ҷʶ⡣һ˵ӦǼͬʱ϶ɵġ
Ҷϸķֱ棬óĽޱȡйģļҶҲоӦ
ƺ֤ʵҶʵĲ롣һֱӴڲ˿˺˳գѸٵƿնȥ
Ҳֲ
ŸһȣҲų˰С
ƷŴץȥ赲ȥ·
ֲ߽£ҶʺȻ֣֮ǰŸڳ˵˿ȫڰС


338 ģ
ԭѾѱʱ˼ѪһͣȫƴͲŸ
ŸҲͷԭΪӦúɵĲŶԣǴ˿һӴŸ֪ˡǺһͻΧĳ棬ŸƲס
Ÿ²⣬϶׷ȥĹʶıŲεļŵҪȫջȥˡ
ҵЩȻԻ٣ȼڲǡ
¡һ죬Ÿ豻ˣһ˿ڣѪ
ոһʮѵԱ˹Ÿ衣鿪ſֲľܷ䡣ĲܵķϣҲҺùŸһ̿סˣûԱ
ǰ˹ŸľƿնȥˣɲǼʧ١ŸҲٲ֣ǾЩģ֮
ãİҶĿһУô󺰴Ȼûע⵽ŸҪɱһ
ԭҶʾǶԹŸǲģ׼ȷ˵ǶڹŸܺڳԺڵΪǲҶʻûгԹôĿûбռôıˡҪǴȥԼǵǮСӵŻôס
û뵽Ӧôˡ֪ʲôˮһ˰ɡԱԼǴԴȵռʵʵڵıˡŸأջϲһһ񫣬ʲôôûš
Ҷʾʵ̫ˬˡȻԼҲԿˣǾҶʵôһλ˼ҶͻȻûԼռıˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ҶͻȻ˵ĿɰȻڶԡ
ŸȻ˵ƴ˲١ЩҶҶʶҪͲǶģԷϹ󣬸½˼ΣѾ˷ˡ
ߡŸһҶʵĶը졣ҶʸϽǵĿˮ֪̫˵ˡҶѸٻһޱȵɫ޹ĶŹŸ衣
ʵҶҲûаѹŸĲϡֲԼŪߵġܵ˵ҲȴթȥģҲҲܺô
ȻŸҲڵѪǶѾˣҲûа취ˡ˵Ҳǲˣû˭ĹеõκεĶ
Ȼܵ˵ҲʩչıŪģҲʵʵڵ治ٵı
һ֣Ÿ˵ıȻ˵Ѿ˼ȼˣڷҲǲġƽŸҵҶʡ
Сӣ벻뿴֡Ÿֱ˵ʵҪҶʴսˡ
롣Ҷʻشޱȵĸɴ࣬ޱȵĹʱһֻӳóļȣ壬һ߿ֱ̿ˮ
ò˵ŸǺСĺܿŵģҶʵ۾йŸӵġԴӹŸҶʵĻʳ½˺üȽˡľÿȥ͵͵Ծ˲ˡ
ڹŸ֮󣬰˿밬׾ͻصԼļˡҶûиȥԼð˹Ÿһæٱ㷹Ҳûʲô˲ġŸȻҶʳԵۣȷʵûҶʡ
Ҷ˵£ս£֪Ҷʵ¼Ϳ׳̶ȶݵĳ˹Ÿ衣Ÿ¸ҶʣСӳȥ˵һͨԼˡ
ŸҲһֻ۱һֻˣֹҶʻӻˡƽʱҶ͵ʲôģŸҲû۲Ϊ
ΪʲôȥŸ׿Ժ߰뷨ЩҶʸŪˡ
ϲֵôûԼҪ뷽跨ŪЩơôԼҪȥ֣ȴͻȻܾˡ
ȥҲԸȥҶҲɵӣȻϲֲ٣ҲϲԼҲڡ
ЩŸҶʶǰģôͻȻôˡԼŸ֮ͻȻֳ顣ı壬Ҷʱܵĸо˲ס
ȥҲȥûŸҲˣֱ˵˵
ŭʱ򡣹Ÿ豾ܵľ쵽ǿ϶鷳顣ȻҶʶһˣϴҲֳЧŸҶʹȥæôǿڣҲҶʻΣա
Ҫôǿڳ£ҶʻΣˣǿ¾ˣʲôطȫ
Ȼ˵ҶʶһƣǷ˵ҲеͨģŸȻ顣Ҷȥæһ飬ҪǹŸҪҶʸϽŪսǡ
һߵﵹùùĲԼùöǱˡҶʲսǶãⶼ˶ٵˡ
ϰȫҶʸˡŸһжǰʽһˣôȥҪˡ


339 ɽ
ɽش붫ɽڵȶԳơ֪Ȼγɵģ־ǿ߹ġħɽ۵Ļɽպܹصɵǣ߶Ǿء
ߵˡ۶ôǿʿֻҪȥˣ붼޻صġǽˣ󶼻Ϊ󽵲֮ͻ᲻ȴûκεķ֡
ͬɽҲ䣬ܶ඼ѾƷҲз֡ȴû˸ҽȥȡǲ֪ǰĳʶ
ӼЩضԶˣʱ䳤޷ˡǻûдܹĽϢ
ʱڣֵǷзģ½½֪ˡǰʱ飬²⵽ڣ˲
һǿ߶ȳɽȻ˴ʿǰǵ˼죬ŵĿҲ졣
˵Ĵȣ֤ʵڣھеĲ²⡣Ȼ֤ʵˣҲ൱Ƕ˵С˼Ŀǰֻ˵ɽУʲôλû֪֪ˣڵϣ˭ҽȥȡء
ǾطŽȥλֵʵȻҲľϡҪûе㱣ı£˶ûеӽȥȡ
ŸҶʣƤĸŵʣٶȷɿ졣˺գпռԾһΪӵ˼¡ֻΪ˾ĸϵɽѾռȻܿһİҶ͵˵ܼӮȻ
ŸȻʧˣŸ豧ͬ뷨˲Ź˵ľĪҶ֪иͷġ
ЩȻҲǶɽûκεİ취ֻǸɵܾۡĸϵҲǺõģܸڹǿߵ󣬼һЩƲϵ©Ӱʲôġ
ŸǾǺܿٶȣǾԲǵһġȵŸҶʸϵʱɽΧԵشѾΧ£˲ٵˡľһۣϵʱ໥Ӧһ¡Ƕߣɽ
Ȼ˵ʱɵĶһ㶼ףϾҶûа취ԵζԷʤްɣҸﰲοˡ
ɽҲһãɽеıԵشźصİɫͿʶ̽Ҳãܸһеľ񲨶ܶôۻʶֻҪȥУţ뺣ûһ˿Ĳʧˡ
ŸǲģҲϵġȵҶڵϱ任ŷλǸͿ͸ɽʱ򣬻ʱƿʱǿ߸ϵֳ
ʲôÿģҶ͸Ҵ㣬ܿЩʲôŸ迴ҶֹģһÿɽҶЩװǻƣֱҶһưˮ
˭˵ҿˡҶʷ˷ۣץסᷴŸ衣
Ŷ˵㶼ЩʲôŸҲ⣬˳šͲҶܿЩʲôûܹôģԼԽȥܼҲǵ͵˵ġ
ƾʲô㡣ҶȻ˹ŸĲţҶҲֱͣˣŸҲûʲô취ҶǶԹŸǿеİԼսǣǰǲЩ䡣
Ҷȷʵǿɽе˻ֵĪ֮ܣҶʵΪͰ̫˵㡣
ҶʻǿһЩ˫ֻܿеʮԶģˣǰҶΪλõԭڹŸҶ߶ʵҶڱ任λǲֻܿʮԶĵط
ҶҲˣۻʲô򣬲ۿĸλãֻҪеʮԶ߾ģˡ
ҶʻǿһЩ˵ĶΧʮԶĹѻɵģСɽˡдСģкܶͲģôҵĶѻһ
ЩŹ⻪ǰΪǿߣеľԪûȫʧ
д󲿷ֶѾˣ޹󡣹ϻз绯ĿӶѺܲ
еĿ϶Ө׵ĹǷġ
⻹ΧʮԶ˭֪ڲûиġǾѾˡΪҶԶֻҪĿܿĵطֻҪǱסĵطͶǶѻɽǶѡ
Ҫ϶ٵ飬ҪõĻ۳ܳô˵ľ󡣻оǣôôΪʲôģôģЩȻö֪ˡ
Χûܹ׼ȷĴ𰸡Ǹûлŵ֪𰸡֪Ŀ¶ѾȥˣΪ׹ǶеһĹǼˡ


340 ҿģ
ҶΪŸܹԶĵطûڹŸǰŪ˵ܹĿһҶʲ˵ˣȫΪӦŸġ
ŸҲû⣬˳һʰˣûҶܿʲôҶʳ䲻ľ͸˴һЩϲʱڹŸ˵ˣϲȴûп
Ÿ迴˹ˡʵҪǸͲѣվȺǰˡ˼ͬ׵ǿߣΧĿռκ˶̤ġȺȻվλÿɢңǻйɿѭġԹ漸ΪģɢΡ
ҶСӣòûи嶪Ҷʸոտ첽ߵصĶǰͷ߾ʹһĴȻͷҶˡ
ûûУԶ˲ԶˡˡҶЩΣڵЦ
Сӡ˵㲻ǲ㷴ǫˡɺҶг㲻һȻ鲻ҲҶʵ˵Ҷʵ͡
Ҷʲ֪ǡʱ򣬳֪ͨһкֲܶĻ׷档»ῪһӦ֮
˵˵սǺҲͱȻ˵Ҷһս治û󵹿ˮ˵ʲôΪҶʣսǱһȺҰ˸ƻöôءΪ˱Ҷʣս˶ôʧҶʸɵ飬һ䶼ûᣬΪľǿܲһЩô
ҿ˵Ҷʾŵģǽ޺ͬӵ⣬ǷһѣҶû˵ʲôĻֻô˵һ䣬ѹҭòС
ôľͷҶȻ󲻹ܲ˵ġûٰʱʱ̵̿Ĵ̽ҶʵϢսǣҶʲսǵ飬ǵһʱ֪˵ġ
ټһսǣ˹滹һСƨĴЩﶼʲôܡǾҶβŭ
뵽˹ȷʵǻסҶʣҶҲûʲô󰭣ŷ
潻̸ڼ䣬ʱҶʵϢǴӵ۵ģȴüɫġ
Ϊһȥϵ飬ҲΪ˳ȥҶʸӻΪʵڲҶʼεˡȻҲ˳ľ˹Ÿ衣
·ȴǸˣѾҵ˴ѵûмȥһһŰݷáֻǼ̵ĸδѴȥϢȻֱɽˡ
ôˣҲܶɵʲôİɡ̸ɽҲôһЩǰϢҶ֪Ҳûʲô̸ˡ
ȻȻľ͵˽ڷȤ顣ҶʵķṦΰʹ˵Ķ治֪һָˡ
Ҷʣ˵ҶʹսǵõвܡҲ˵ҶʵĴºЧûи涪ȻҲҶսǵı˽Ӧ档
ҶĶԻԵȻû˵ǶݸҶʵȤǻôãûмȤˡ
ǹ͹ŸЦˡʱҶսǣȻΪСǶڹ˵еƷѡŸ費ϵİοԼ͵Ʋˣǹȴݺݵĵ˹ŸһۣùŸ顣
棬ɽΧôôð׹ɽҶʲϾת˻⡣̸µ£ɽˡ
㡭ô֪漸˶һ㶣ȻһִۡҶһɻ󣬱ʾ֪顣
Ҳѹ𾪡ϢǾûдġǿֱ߲Ӿ棬ǽӳɽտڲԣֱ֮ؼˡ
Ҫ֪ǶǼ˺˱ԴſǵĵΡҪǼʱնһж̽ɽʶϵ˵ǶѾˡ
Ҳȳɽԭ򣬵иоڤڤʲôڿǣϽտڣѲѿڶһжѹ˶
վǰ棬ɣʵڿٵĻظԪͬʱ䱸ɽʲôĶ
Ȼ˵ģôҶô֪ءԼģ˵ģԼҲ²ġ
ҡҿİôǿʧ̬ĽţҶҲЩĪ飬ǿ⵽˱˲õһ
㿴ģǿ˵滹ЩʲôʧеǾҡǰ֣մȾ˲ɾĶⶼſһһƶϳһƬɽû뵽ҶֱӾ˵ˡ


341 һΣ
ˣ˵ЩˣڵļϢЩѹƲסˡҶʵ嶼ܵɢ˵ĽŹϢѹȡͬʱǰһǰҶʸ󣬸еϢ
Ҿ̫ԾˡˣҶСӣĸǣô¡ȻҲʶԼʧ̬ˣһѹеӿĲΣ±ƽ
ʲôĿˡոձ죬ŸִԵ÷ǳĳԾŵͿԷһֻȭͷ
ҶСӣұ죬ұ졣ŸĻոճڣͿ˼Ŀ⣬ǹĿǵһĹڹŸϡ
Ÿ֪ѾΪǰʧ̬еˣڹŸôһЩҲסŸȻҲʶʱģϽտڲ
ҾǿкܶģѻɽĹǿ飬ֻҪĵطСҶʱЩë֪Լôžǵ˼ˡ
ô˵ЩͷЩͷѰɽΧˣ˶˵棬ʡ
ҿĵطǲ֪ɽıǲǡҿĵطƶϵĻӦİɡҶʵĻشšи̣Ҳûзʲô˲õıôļô
ǻʲôʡȻû˵Եע˺֪ܶ࣬ص㡣
ûˡҶЩ˼ͷ
ϸ룬ʲôЩģҪ˽һЩ
ûˣˣֻܿʮ׵ķΧѵǶ֪ôҶЩˣǹػôţԼ֪ôʵĵûꡣ
Ҳֻܿһ׵ķΧΣաҲʵĸҶһܣʲô˵ġɽȷʵǲ򵥣ҪȥЩ鷳
Ҷʵɴ۾ȻЩšԼܹĶôܿ˵ôҶҲûоʲôԾĵط
Ҷʽŵ֤Ŀ⣬ĵ˵ͷЩҲסתһȥˡ
ҪҶٿһΡǽס۾һݱһƬǺڵסǿ߿˵
Ȼ˵Ҷʳ۾ȴŵķȻ⣬ҪҶͬ⣬治ͬ⣬һҲǰ״
ãһΡ涢Ҷʣ˼š
ͬʱʶ̽Ҷʵ״ȷʵûʲôʱſڴӦ
һȺ˶ߵҶʵıһֻƵҶʵĺϣͬʱ۾ʶҶʵʶϵŸ״ҲһҧѧģһַֻҶʵıϡ
ҶʸоЩ֣ʶһ±࣬ҰҲࡣ౾İޱȣȴֵЩϤеĶ
ǵʶûкôҶʵʶҪ˳ʶ߽뵽˵ԺʱͻȻڵ
Ȳ˵ͻȻӴ˵ļ䣬ദܶĶҶʵʶܲܳܵסǳסˣҶҲûкôĪǾ˱˵Ҳܵ˵Ӱ졣˵ǰٺһ
Ҷһ㶣ȻϽеĺʱʧ٣ʶıܿЩ˱˵ʶһ
Ҷ΢΢תԪ˫ȾһӽɫĿɽȥԼһд¿һ顣һҲͨʶӣÿһ˶Ӧˡ
˶ͬʱ۾۾𺳡˻ȻĪ⣬뵽ݴʡҶʵޣȷʵǰ˵һֻܿʮ׵ķΧȫǰ׹ǣûκõķ֡
˽һɫȻͬʱͷһ˫ۡȫĨȥԼԪӡԪ±Ĵ⣬Ҷʵͽȥ
Ҫ˵ҶڵԪǻĻôЩԪǴ֬ҶʵںҶ˲͸оȼһ㡣һȺǿ߰ҶѹڵԪҶʸоܡ
ԶֻһȺǿ߰ҶΧȻҶϵĽ⿪ʼǿҫؼ䶼һƬơͬʱҶʵϢҲİθߣգ۵ʱѾ켶Ϊ˾޴ѹȸС˻Ǳܿʼ֣ÿһ˶ųݻߵĸоǿ¹ĳ嶯
⻹û棬Ҷʵƻڻİθߡ˶һ죬ʲôһ㡣
һƬƵ˲ֻʣ˽ɫ
Ƶҫۣڵľ


342 δ֪Ĺ
ʲô˾֪ʲô飬ΪôĳҶûм˵ļʶķΧˡ
Ӧ켶ͻƵ׵ػӵܡмʶ׵˵ҲһЩšϾӹһʼû˵ͻƵˡ
ףѵҶôͻƵˣ⡭ʧֱЩš
ԣӦйϵûǶסҶʵĺûκεĶôط·ӦòɼŶԣôһƬܷͥ񣿡Ҳй۲ϸˣ˷ԵǻǲΪʲôһƣһڵ澰
Ҷʲ֪ô롣ҶֻоǰδеǰδеУҶ̲סҪһ̣ҶʸоԼͷ·Ƭ죬һСƶȲ⣬Լܹ
Ҷȭͷһ޴ض·ҪˡŵҶʸϽɿִ֣һ磬Զ켶ǿ߸öġ
¡һ죬ڵĻһס˵ǽʵ̫ǿˣǽޱȵĴ׳һƬ˵׺Ϊ
Ҷ޾壬Ͷ䶼ܴ춯һȭɱȥʲôףʲô׺ˡ
ɫȭӡһϣ֮⣬ڵĻؼҶޱȵܣĸо
뵽ǴԼҶ˲ǷˡȻǿ󣬵ǺǾͶǳҪûȡ
񣬸Ͽ쿴ɽеʲôҶʺ˼ʱҶʵԺ
Ҳˡ֮ȫҶʣҪҶܹĸû뵽׵ĽסǺƴĽ׶Ǹеľģû뵽ҶһȭͻˡҪôµܹ
֮ԲſҶʡΪҲסˣһҲҪҶʼ򵥵ϤĿǰ״
Ҷ񣬶ɽȥҲҶʵĿ⿴ɽУȫò֪˵ʲôˡ
Ƭİ׹ǣɽΧʼӣ׵ĵشǰ׹ǶɡⲿһЩʱбĥԵİ׹ǡԽ棬׹ԽĲס
ƬӨ׵ģӨ͸İ׹Ƕѻһ𡣻źľвϵɢЩϻճѪ⣬ޱȵޣǸոմӻȡһѪԽ棬ǹɢľҲԽŨ
Χȴûһʬ塣ȻЩⶼǸոո˺ģ֪ˡôⶼûɢŨԪҩ
ЩǰǺεȵĿ£һܹġǲ֪µĴڸɱˣȻѿʬ屻
ҶʸеЩ£󱲶亹ʪˡǰ޵еĸоʱʧˡɽôµĴڶ޵УοԼ
ʱһɻްֲֿޱȵϢӦҶʵĿ⡣˳ҶʵϢͳ˳
ҶʻĺëһϸܵļƤ񡣸Ͻ۾жԼߡ
ѾˡһĪлް˼£Ͳ׽Ϣ˳ҶʵϣನҲҶ˵ϡ
ϡһ죬쳹ʡǴҶʵϷġ
ǻްĲȵľͿҶʵؿϣпһĿӡɫѪƬ䣬ܿ
ҶҲһײڿնļ˶˲䵹ʮԶ
ؼʱҶԺеشֳˣҶʶ˲ģʱ򣬳ҶʵţסҶʵȻҶʵϵ˺ɲȴûܵκʵԵ˺
ҶҲǾһ亹ոԼǴ׵ģǿȣܿȶҶžĻԼͽӲӡ
ǾǱһ֪ʲô˳
Ҷʲ֪ǣǰǿЩĲȻƽһ΢ȴûκףȻǡȤ
Ҷʵֵ˴룬ǻನ͸Ҷ˵漸ˡ˵˲ľҶʵΪҲظƽҶ˵һ˲Ѿ޸ˡԿʲô
漸˾ͲˣȻҶʵ˴롣ǵҲҶʵϣûüӳͱˡ
õ˴룬˿ڴѪѸٵ䶯Ϣ˼㡣


343 ˽д۵ģ
ʲôôĶ֪һȺ˽ͱȫ𡣶ӦǶԷַĹûκε׼˵Ѹ٣ͻġ
˶أòķѱԴɢŰδ֪˵ڶڲϵĺڿٵȼԼڵľ޸˳塣
ڸӦǹٵʱһȺ˶ϽҶʵϵܵǣȻŭûа취ǿȱˡ
Ҷʻᣬδǰ;ֻҪһսмȻܹʮ˵ķ⾰ġȻվ֪ǿߵľ񲣬Ѿˣܸܲһ˵
һܼ򵥵ѡ⡣ڶҶʵĹģڶδĿǣܿľѡ
Ҷʺ󱳵ָӵĴҪҶʵƤУ±صĹеʱǿеİ𿪡ͬʱڵԪǲҪǮҶʵӿȥһǿгҶʱѼʽȥ׵Ϊ
˵Ѿ˱ľˣҶʵϢӵһڶģҶܹȻˣֻõŸûⲻôʵΪӦعϢڹŸС
ȻõҲ֮ӦǾҶʿסһƱػ˥ܡûѡзղŻлر
ȴ˵ԤϣҶȻһؿڵ˿ҲɲǲûʲôʵԵ˺ô赭дľͿˡҪǴҶԸӦǿɲĹ涼ΪԼĻþˡ
˵Ҷʶ档һʼͶһߵʣȫǽĿһ֣ûܵʲô֮⡣õˡ
ΪҶʵϢһ𣬹ҲҶʸĵסˡں棬˵Ƿƽ˾ʲô鶼ûСȻҲʲô鶼ûУϵĴ̼϶ҲǲСġ
к棬ȻޱȵĹ͹Ÿˡ
뷨ͬȻԹŸҲôôŸôò˳ۡŸҲûܹİۣҲǲ١ǱϾǹѪǹδ
ĪĹҪһ˲䡣ջ˷Ҷʺϵ֡ȻѸٵİ˹ŸĺϣѹŸϢԼϢӵһ𡣹ҧҪŹŸһӲȥ
ǹȻԶԶĳ˹Ԥ֮⡣ҶʿµĴ󲿷֣ĹȷˣǰҶϢˡ
ǿߵԿԼܵĳޱȵļ֣οǹҪŸ켶ĹŸ裬ǿпס
˵ķֽһû˿áĽᾧ˵ԪǶƬпһ谭졣
Ÿ趼Ѿˣû뵽ôıֻǺǲʡҲǵɴͫף۾ޱȵľ
ꡱһ죬ϵһڼˣĿֲԪ˳ǹĹһ
ô׵ֵġ滹ʹڼɢľѸٵıĥϡˣֻĥĹ
ؼʱǹһƿ˹Ÿ裬ʱǹĲһǲ˹Ÿ裬Ȼ滹ǻ˹档
Ÿһпڣ⻬ƽ㱻бնˣѪˮٵӿۺܿͱճͨ졣ҲҿǹನֻǱ᲻صĲһ£ȻѾرʬˡ
Ҳܣ嶼㱻ˣֻظϵĲλã°Ƿ顣
ľٵȼգס˹塣建䶯ϣͬʱһ˿һƵĲȳ
ӵʱ䣬طľûжϹߵѸٵĻ䡣СĽӽ̰ղľ
˫ۣµ޸ˣֹͣȼգով£ܵ˾ţֿٵˡ
ȻްˣǴҶ֪ڵĹʵǴǰˡûгʱĵûдʳ¹涼ᷢӲʲôʵ
ʵҲȷʵˣͻȻ˺üʮӣԭɫͷѸٵĿݻˣʧȥ˹󡣺ӤƤҲѸٵĸɱȥơϢ޵ӡ
ŸҲܡʪѪ±ˣ˴Ѫ顣˿ҲͲѪˣŸԼ޸ˡ
ȻҪϲٵģǸոһ´ıԵ߹Ÿ豻ŵòᡣҲòᣬڱ˵ǰСϡ


344 Ұչ
ҶˣٿŸˣֱĶԱȰȻٵͷ˿ԼеĲλȺϹŶǿ۶Ҫ׵ĸıˡԭкñģԭǻлرġԭ˽ǻⱨӦģôĿôѸ٣ôġ̡
ʲô汾һӵԹǴʱʧˡһ£ǰһ̻ԹĻ鲻صǺһ̾ͷ֣ԷΪԼĲص˴ۣ˾Ц֮⣬뷨ô
Ȼܣǻڲϵĳ鴤ѾǺܸӵˡã𼸸ܵļһҪصöˡ
ֲ̫ˡܳΪеһȻǿޱȡǺҲ޷ɽļɵ
ǼֱͲǵĴڡҲޱȵļɵոһ˲䣬ȵĻָ˱塣һ޴ƣ㱻ˡ
ҲһҪ֪걾Էġһǣͬǿ߶޷Ƶģֻа͸ǣ˵ࡣǸովǱֻû΢ĹȻĹǡ
ɣǸͲǻߵ鷢ġ˵̺ĿɱΪѰˡĳ˯ųֽѵġͻȻˣ˵ôһ˲ŵ˵
ô˵ҲԭġҶǱĹСܵĹҲصģϡ飬ǹĹڡǹֲޱȣûκεԴ˷
ҶǸ㼺Ǵ󲿷ֶǲ²⣬ûа취˵κˣ˵ġֻðͷתҶʣΪǿһУҶʿǵġ˵ҶиӾ˵ķҲ˵ġ
ңҲûʲô񿴵档ҶԼԼ˵Ҷ˵Щ̫϶
ϾҶܵܵı۾ж޵ϵʱҶʾһƳģģޱȣۻˣСҶʴʱ˵ҲʵشֻԼ֪ܲܵ档
ʲô棿
ǻĲ档׷ǼʱΪЩͨһЩҪˮ
ûôûˡ׷ʲôϢʧˣӦķܹȥ
ǿ϶ıϧ¶ɽϵ϶׼ʲô

ȻҶ˵ǲ̫ȷЩϹŶһǿȷʵȷޱȡ׷ģԿʧġ⸽ҲֻɽܸЩǿߵ̽ˡ
Ǹ޷ǿйɽôȥءڣɽô꣬׼ʲôôĵϧ¶ء
Ҫ֪ǳûе壬ڣܹһԪˡ
Ҳ֪ЩִŵĻߵ˶ŵѪ塣ֱӱеĻǵϣ˲ͱӰǴӪ¶ˣǸӵѹˡ
ûа취ɱ壬ӵˡͨ˿϶ղصģҶﰡǿȡ֮󣬾ǲΪãҲܹ취ѹסİ
̫ˡǶһ˵֪Ҫ˽ϢСü˭֪ˣ϶׼ʲôȻǲʱ׼ġȴûе׵ĴȥеҪ˽
ҪʲôҰչˡ˹ŸĻҵĿתҶʡҶˣҪİǰһȻûʲô飬Ҷʻµġ
һ뵽֪ɽлƫƫҪȥƨɡҶʾʵ̫ˣôĳԱ˳ŵģԼ鷳ġ
СЩҪ̽ЩõĶ滹򶨵ģΪľð취Ҷʵϣֻǻûзˡ
ΣգСЩӦþûˡǰҶʿǻ˵ĿһģǺġ
ǿ߾˵飬ҶССʿܹıġûиҶʷĻᣬѾ˵ļǿҶһ˲ʮľ룬»صɽΧ
˶һۣͬʱ˵ͷһְҶʵĺ֮ϡ
˵һεϣ¼˶·ġѸٵҶʵĸйϵһȻ󼸵ŨԪٶƽȵעҶʵڣȼҶʵԪҶʵԪӿ


345 ǿ·
ҶʵٴγһصĽɫͬһ֮ڣڶαǿеסһҶʵʸоʧˣһԪǲûӦľ磬Ҷʲûиܵʲôͬġ
һǱôֱַǿеĳģѼʽʲôͬġҶЩԽܡ
ҶСЩıܿЩڵѪĹҶʵԺ
Ҷˣ涼ô˵ˡԼôءҶ֮Ժ£ǵһôֲĹѣɱ׵ĳǧԼˡȻԪѾףҶһʱûתԼĹ
һ֮Ҫ˵жôǹĹҲǲõġҶʱܵĸоԼٱһΣҲûô˵׼ܹ֮ˡ
ҶˣԶתԪеԪǴھҵıӿš
ҶһΣȻ˫ۡ˫ʵԵľ⣬ǧɵĳȣ貵Ľɫ񽣣궼ڵдȥ
Ҷʻǲ̫ӦڰԪûпƺáɫײ˰׹ǶУ˴İ׹ǣǷ䡣
ҶһҶ˸һҶܹĸоǽԼ󱳵ƶЩ⡣
ҶʾСĽ䱸ţϾǹĹķҲ̫ˡ˰죬ûκεΣաǱײɢĹɽµµĹͷͣ
ҶһļҲͬʱһ̧ͷŸȥӨ׵ĻĺǻԭأĵžѪɢžԪ
ҶʲҹĹ۲죬ѸٵԽڲĺǣŹǶɽȥ
ԵشĹǶѳɽȫͬǶڲĵش֪˶˵ľдУյģһֱ񷡣
кܶ䣬ܶ඼ʧ˵ġϵӲݶ̺ſֲҩݸ档ҩıҩ洦ɼһżҩѪɫǸӦҶʵĿ⣬ѸٴӰˣһĳ˸ġ
ҶʿĿɿڴģҲûͬһʱ䣬ҶĶ뻮һʿˮ
źȻûʲô⣬Ҳûʲôȴˣÿһ궼Ҫʮ˺ϱĴڵסˡ
ҶʷһֵΧǶлӷľ˵ֺʧˡϸ۲Ƭ̣ҶʲŵóһۣЩľЩӲݣЩҩ֮ôĲ
Ϊµȡǿʬ塢лӷľԶšҲ˵Щҩʲôģȫ൱ߵľǰЩʬ嵱ϡ
֮ҶеĻȶʱˣЩθҲ޷Щҩļֵ£Щҩܹġʱҩ֣൱ڶһǶ˵ôҩ֣С
ҶҪ۾ջĿ⡣ڲصĺǷһĲޱߣȶִ
Ҷʻûκε׼Ҷʲ֪£һƬɫ˫УһĽɫâɶûκεĲ˵ǲӵĲɲ
ҶûиӦֻͻȻҶʵϢЩ룬Ҳûȥϸ롣Ҳûа취ǵҶʵ˫ۡ
һκȴûйһ߲ʵĹ⻪ɨһƬӲϵİ׹ɽ߲ʹ⻪һɨһȱڡһͨ
ͬһʱ䣬Ǳ׹ͨŵĵطϡɢһǰ͸ͨһͷɽΧһͷֱɽ׹ǶѾͷ
һУ߲ʵĹ⻪ˡʼնûйҲûиҶʲôŵաǹҶŪһͨһ㡣
ûܵвҶݵĽҲĳȥҲˡ
Ҷû˿ķɣĶŰ׹ͨĳڣʲôɲĶͻȻһ
ҶŵĶڡԶ岻ֵ켶ʿҲǽǲϹӣɽʧ֣˭õ
˭֪ɽеǸʲôӵģʱ˵ǵһֱ۵ۿˡȾǱǳƬİ׹ɽסˣƽһطôˣ͸Ӳ˵Ƭʬ帯ú׹Ƕѳɽˡ
ȻǿڲžӨİ׹ǡǣΪǸ˾޴Ĵۡ


346 ӿٶȣ
ЩʿոտǸصĺǣôľӨֱǸոմӻŵȡһѪʣǸոմ˿һһһεĵɽУжǳһ
ȺʿŴͣûд𾪵ѹʱ򣬶˷ˣ˵ͻȻ
顣顣顣
һ޴ı˵ͻأһʻҲ֮ʧˡֻһѪģŨѪζѪ
һ켶ǿ߸ûκεĵֿҲֱӾԭرѿˡֻǻδɢȥȥѪ֤ϴڹ
ǲʱľ޴ıҶʵ˾ˣҶʵѸٵĻعӶδ֪Ľ䱸пٵ˹
죬۾ƿĿ⣬ڲǸǼܡҶʴСȻ˵ҶҲ㲻ʲôзĵĺˡһȺǿߣ𺳵ķʽҶʵǰʹ˳ΪȥҶҲЩֲֶ̫̫Ѫˡ
顣顣顣
Ҷʴʱ䣬ȺǱ˼Ѫм˲ע⿴ˣҲ˶ˡ
ҶʵĴ˶һЩҪôֱӿɽеƬصĺǣҪôǻڴΧǺǶѡ
ҶʵĴ𣬴󲿷˶ֱӲҿ׹Ƕˣǲ֪ľͿǲ֪ʲôλõĺǡѡŵֱӱ۾

ͬʱɽĵشһǰΣصĽоԼҵĺ԰һϤûκεĲ⡣
Ϊһ嶼һо沿Χһɫ˿ӰͻȻһ٣һͣ٣˶òͣˡԭŵĶͻȻ˼̶ûκεĶ
ôһߵΪ׵ĺߣʵһܿտյҡڣսԶһ۵ߡ
ܱ˹ĶԴƺģΪ׵˵Ҳ֮ˡЩ˻˭
òֶ˰ɡһŶҵĺͻȻ俪˵˺޲ƣ˵Щȫףȫӡ
ʲôֶˣոһȺ˲ųԹ⡣˵ˣȻΪǣ۷ʿ첻ԷҲκεļС
ҶˣӦвٵ˸šԭΪ̽鵽ﻹҪЩʱ䣬û뵱ǵٶô졣Ҳ΢΢üȫںУûκܹ
ҲЩҵĻߣǿǿ׵ΪʵʵڵĲӰˮ֡ǾӺôЩ⡣ȥսǵһ֪࣬ôžˡԼе߶˽ȥ
ȻǳɹˣǵߵΪҲǴˣҲֻ׵Ϊ¶ָܹˡ
Ⱥ˸ţҪҲʲô¡ϾԼ¶ǹҪôûûҵ̫ʧˡ˵˷ܡ
ߣӿȡһȣͷһ˳ȥ
ҲٵĸϣĵǡΪҪʱ䣬»ıĿǰ½ĸ֡

ʱҶһ˾˼Ǿȥ̽һصĺȻֲѾ·ˣȻǲٳ뼸ˡֻҪСЩȥǣӦǲġ
һȺ켶ǿ߾ĻңҲǿٵʼܲס֪̽ʼµĴɽ۾ø߸ߵģֱڲȥ
Ҷʹ۲һ˶֪ԼȰ棬ûٷ⣬ҲͷһȺ²ĵɴ۾ïܵľ֣Ҷ治֪ʲôÿģ۾ٴҲֻľ֡
ţҶͻȻоʲôɻ̧ͷɽڲ˲ʧЦ˼£ȻڳЦˣԼҲֿʲôֿ͸
ôˣҶʵı֣ǣ漸˵񾭣˶ЩСģʲô⡣
ûʲôǽȥɡʲôҶҡҡͷû˵ʲôǰԼ˵õǸӦʲôҲʲôûиӦ
Ҳãͽȥܽȥи˻壬ӦҲǿԵġ֮ǰ˻Ѿ¶ЩĵطˡͷӦܵĸоҶھһŻ
ܾıʲôͼ󣬾ȥƻ˲ܰġŸҲǵͷ


347 ɽ
վҶΪףǰ׹ͨȥҶһһҵվˣҶԪʼҶڵԪ档Ҷɢ⣬˶ˣϢ
˵ָվһˣһֱôȥγһΡͻ״ֻҪִǰһ˵ϣֱӹԪܽҶʵڵġ
ûΣգҲܱʵ滻Ҷʱ޿̶Ԫˡ
ŸҲŽˣε򣬱м䣬ǹҪȻôŹŸЩ鷳Ҳ÷涼˵ˣҪͻ״Ÿܾˣһ˵ʲô
ʱǲģûšʶ˶ȥˣҲжôİȫ˭֪᲻ĶͻȻȥҲһҧǵ
ʵĵҾͶһֻ۱һֻˡȣǶʶģǾʶȻ˵һڴҲǴһΪεģǽ黹ڡΣҶʵĹϵĪ档˴ҶʣһҶȥϵģҲĬʵĸˡ
ڰ׹ɽм䡣о쬵ġȻǶѱˣǱϾѷ˲֪ˡŨһʱɢȥġ˵ˣΧİ׹ǶжŨʱ޿̵ĶΧƮɢ
ŨĽΪʵʣθĶǱŵҲʱڰ׹ɽ䣬ڤһ㣬ɭɲ˵Ĺͬĸо
ǹԪҲκεõľҶʵĻ޷ֶһȺһļƤ񣬲ǿţֻûзˡ
ȻѾˣغҲûйҶʼ˵˼ǰĵضΣҪǺͻȻѣҶһҲܹȻߡҲ뿪ˣſˣɴǰȥ
ҶһǽȥˡеʿЩ⶯ǻڹҶʵ˵̽·ȻõģϾû˭ϣͿľͰˡ
ռ˱ҲҪȥǺõģûˣĺôҲǰ״
˴󲽵ڰ׹ͨ䣬ҶʵĻʼǱһķΧڣڼ˶εİСҶڸӦΧҲûţʶǶܿغǵǸСĵĸӦΧһС
˵ĽŲ뻮һĽŲڸ߸ߵͨػصٵİ׹ǡеѾ绯òˣڵϾˤ÷顣еĻܼ֣ڵϹµµĹţ˰׹ǱڣͣǽǡûƶĻǴ°ҵİ׹Ҳջǰ׹Ǳڱ߱绯ɹǷ۰ɡ
תۼ伸˾߳ʮ׵ľ롣صĺҲԽԽˡ
˵ȫƭ˵ġû˭δ֪ǿƵģҪĻֲҵĴȫжİɡ
úԽԽܹܵѹȡʱĺǸͲһȫ顣Ǿ޴ѹϮͷС
ǾӨ͸ˮ̶ɵһ㣬ȫƷճŵѪʺޱȣܸܵǿѪҺĴѪȻ۵һ𣬲ʱһεѪ¡
Ѫǵ˼˵ͷ಻ܿƵľҵ˵ľ죬ս죬о඼Ҫˡ
ѪҺ̺ſֲľÿһζһĺ嫣ҶһξѪеԪҪԼеȫˡ
Ȼ̺пɲľû˸Ҷ˼ġѪгкľ⣬ſµɱ⡣ɱʵʵģɭĽʱ޿̵ĶŰɱֻһķΧңûɢ
ԶԶľƿ·˵ҶҲоѷ쵶صиǿҶʣ嶼ദһϸܵѺۣ˿ƽǱֱпһҶ屾ܵĵһʱ޸ˡ
һֱظѣȻ޸Ḷ́Ҷʾޱȵܣʱʱ̵̿ĶٵĿ̡
Ҷʿסˣ˾Ϳסˡһϳɼǵ˿ڣѪעôƴתԪ޸ֻӻѪˮѡ
ĵŸ裬ҲǶദ˺üʱ޷޸˿ڡ
뿪ȣҶʼӿٶȡ
ҪôȥͲúǳֱ֡ɢɱܹһȺĥ
Ҫ֪ǿʱ޿̵ĶںķѱԴ޸壬ȴֻӻѪá


348 Ϊ
ҶҲǱϽԼ˶Ҫסˣ嶼ЩӲЩˡǻкȵѸٱ˰ɫı꣬䡣
ɭĵطȴһƬѩһ˿Ļѩǲб顣ȴܵ˷Թı
κѣҶҲǲƬ̵ġĺôҶҲԥĵͷߡ⻹ֻغϢıԵش˳ܲסҶɣҪǺȥñ˶ֱ֣ӶԻᱻڼ˶֪ǳǷֲأǼôŲŲˡ
˼ѵŽŲǰɭȥǺûй˼ٴμɵԶԶһۣȻתͷȥע
úԽԶɱɭϢҲԽԽûΪ˼ԽɽΧǿ
߽ɭϰԶɱǿҪʧˣޡҶͳһĴڵĴŴٵůָ˺Ǳɱɱ˿ڣҲˣðһƵİʧС
ǲ˵ɭУ˺ǵķΧͰȫˡûв´⺡ֻǿĵһأҲɽеĵһеľء
ǵһؾѾˣûмܹǿİɡˣ֪ǿˣ⺡ǰҲһƢûˡ˵ܹȵĽ롣
ҪǿҲֻǿ̫߱䣬ʵĴڰɡ̫䣬ǿҲǷëǰϡ١
һڣѾ˽ǾˡɽڲǺεȵգҲܹ͸Χһˡ
ҶѾʧɽǿߵУһȺ۰Ͱ͵ĶţҶʵ˻ҪšҶˣҲǿˣȴ֪ʲôһޱȵĽȴûκεİ취ΪҶһ֪
һֱҶʼ˻ƽͨˣҶһһֱĿ͵ҶʼʧΪֹ
дģ۲ϸѾЩ˵ĪˣӦǸй֪ǲΪҶǣˣҶźǿҲûзʲôˡ
ǰϵһ룬Ҷʼ˵һαɣȻ׹·ߵͬ޹ըѣ¶⺡йء
Ȼ뺡йأǾЩˣȥ϶ޱȣ˵СͶ档ǲȥЩġ֮һɽһûܹȥô󳨿˵·˴ҵǰ
Ȳ˵ɽʲôıǲܹմȾģϾҶһȺȽȥˣ֪֮һеġǾûеĸҩгŵ˲Ҳǿ˵ġ
ȥĻҲûʲôˡһôһ̽صĻᣬô˷ˣԺڵġ
ƴˣܲסĵջ󣬴һԼľģҲΪ˸Լ׳
һ켶ʿ̬ȣ˲Ǵ󳨿ͨȥͨڣʿ˿ڴƺҪԼѹеĿ־塣
ʿȻۺҩǻûȫͷԡһֻ֣ͨ̽ȥüͷ壬ЩĺͺҪֱۼľƵá
ûʲôʵĸоʿǰ׹Ƕѳɵǽڡ΢ǴֲڣҲû⡣
ʿ׳˵ӣ̧˽ȥбϢ壬ûʲôԡʿû׼֮´һԪתɢ˲١ȻȻʣȴڳܵķΧ֮ڡ
ʿߵļڰ׹ͨŲÿĲҲǰŵľ롣һߣһСĸ֪ΧһС
쿴Ǻʧˡ
ûǳȥˡ
ǿ˵ĥĥ䣬ǶЩȾԼʶɴȥ۲Ϊ˰ɡ
˵ôôȥԡ
һڵȵȡϾȽȥ˰Ҫǫá

˰׹ͨڵʿĶСʵҲиӦˣԭԽԽģʵҲȷʵţͻȻ޵ϢʧˡȻܵĺҲûôǿˣ¶Ĺ
ʿЩգ»ԼôĥĥȾǺǵĸ֪Ȼ۲Ϊˡ
ɭĸϽڿٵʧʲôֲֿĺҲʧӰˡҲǱЦ˼ʿĻͦصڲȥʿҲ뿪ˣȻˣ˲˹˵ĹֿܵġҪҲҪһ㣬ٲᵽԼЦͶˡ


349 ˲Σ
ʿһȴ󲽵ǰȥ˸оǺ֮⣬ûбʲôΣաǺСʱ֮ΧĺԵ½һȽ׵ģȻ˶оҪ˵ĺҲܹܵġ
ʿܿľʹΧشڵޡӲݶŨοӲݴиһЩҩҩҲ򵽣ͷıҩͲˡıҩݾԶ˶ۺġ
ҶʵΪЩҩΪʬеľųɳģŽ١ǲⰡͲʲôߣҲʲôеƶˡƽʱ˵ģһӿôı˭ǲʬеľɳģֱʬϣҲԥȡġ
ʿǳĿģþǲŽȥҲֵˡжٵҩҪõúõĻܾȻض
Ľȥˡ
ϻҶˡûΣա
ϻҶˡǻʲô̡
ϰе߾֮

һȺ˶֣ûΣ֮˼ֶˡϾҶɶӣĿűһҸļôĵġǲʥ˾ˣǡ˼ûеôĸߡ
ʿˣһȺ˷ӵҩܶ࣬ڵ˷ĵزǼʲôץʲôӲݶ㱻ǹˡ

ǽˡ˺󷽵˷ܵĴСеͻȻ˵
ҪҪǳȥ濪ʵ
ãǰɣϾǲȡûñҲȡĵҡҡͷܾ˹顣
༸˶û˵СĵĽ䱸ΧüͷøӵˣʲôͻȻϮˡ
ʿʵ̫˷ˣûпôҩ֮ǰһ꣬Ҫһսղ֣ܵ˵ġڸɸģȫõķìܣҲǷŷĵģΪ㹻
ǻͻҩ̫ˣЩʿûʲôգǰﵱˣСеĲͣ
ҶһȺ˵Ķо;ޱȵĴ̶ɽȫδ֪ҶСģһ·϶ûзʲôӰʲôڱȺʿСУʲôѾˣٸǳȥҲˣֻܸӵСĽˡ
ͻȻΧĲݴϸ΢춯ϸ΢ҪԶʿľסˣҪǼ˶ʶ֮ˣ
ϸ΢ڼ˵ĶоͱߵķŴˡֱһ㣬ڶл졣ҶëէһļƤ񣬳һ亹
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ݴԻζԡȻһָССİװ׵Ķ¶˳ľ죬յģֻа߲͸ľķ϶ɭСܷ֮ǰװССĶΪСͨ嶼ڷ⡣
Χʱ޿̵ĶźľСڣȻСɢľֱΧľաߴﵽһ΢ƽ⡣
СĵλϢҲŨ˺ܶ࣬һо˼ֵĸо
ǰ֧ŵ˲ΡҶһ㶣ȻЩĻȡ
˻ע⡣ǳ˾˲ΣԵǵġ˲ΣֻҪڵϣûܹץסġɵڴд󡣻Ԥ֪׵
ǰҲ룬ûоٴĿܡΪⳤŵ˲һʼɭУֻҪĶڵ£ҶǼ˭ܰҳء
֧˲ԵЩСԺûпҶǱġվڲݴУһץһԸߴĲݾǳԻųҶӵϰɻ̽Ҷʼˡ
ͬʱ˶оһƷǳʶڴԼʶǴܻ磬ûһ˿Ķ⡣˶ܴиܵɻʶ
˶ޱȵ⶯ܺõĿסˣϢı仯֧˲Σ¾һӶҲˡ
˲̺ʢÿ£ֱһƬһĺ嫡˲Σֱ𣬳׵Ĺޡκε˶ǿƵİɣ¾ʶشֻҪڻû͸֮ǰ֧˲Σ˲͵ģǰ


350 ľԱ
˶ѹеļĿУ˲εʶЩı仯ǻûߡֻϰĸˣȻǲǰЩֵҪЩʲô
˲λһ֮ңĵطͣˣ˸˵ǣУ˲ʼû춯
ҽһ˲Э顣ھУҶһսϵġֳìܣҪĺĲСһʲôΣҲûܹ˵ġץס˵ҹͬӵУͻǳȥƽҲûʲôġ
Ͼ˲̺ľ̫ڿֲˣһ˸òꡣ˷ֿ˵Ǹոպá
Ҹʩֶǰץȥţס˲е·¶һҪһʼ˲ξǻûκεİ취ô£һ˲λǰϵ׸ô
ץˡҶ̲סĵĴЦţ֪ڵĻΣգȽѹ֡
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㣬ΪɱаôҪֱˣ˲е֭ҺҪˣʱʲôöûС˿ǵޱȣҶʵҶ
Ҫ˵֧ǳ˲ΣǣҲǲҶġҶôĻɣ˲λûС
õĺõģ̫ˡҶҲ⣬ɵǺǵЦšϾոյõĺôҲûйƽЩеûġ
Ҷɿƣ漸ҲٵĴԴҪĿ֧˵˲Ρ
ףָв԰Ҷ񣬸оĴĴЩԾ
ҲǽѵıҶʸһŽʱȻʧ˴룬ǻЩûʧģͲܳˡʱǳԻǲأһ⡣
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ᣬҶֱ̯ơֻһӲݣʲôûС˲붼ûһҪ˵ʲô˲ν֧˲ˡ
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ߣǵʲôǵġУߴҶʼӿŲɽĸڲȥ
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˿ٵĽӽҶʣְҶʵĺϣӴԪ
ȻȶȥҲǰ취֧Ҷʵģڼ˵ǲСĸֶ֪ܼáǲ֪Ⱥľ񵽺ʱ
Բû鷳鷢ˡյ֦ѾȻ´ˣĸı˷򡣱ֱ֦Ѿһ϶µҶʼ˴
ÿһ֦ѣľм׷ɡ֦ľмֱ㲻ʲôÿһ̶гǧ֦ѾҶʵĻ֮ϡ
üѣҶҲ֪˴ΣաɫȭͷңżԪ֧£ҶʵսﵽһԼ޷ĸ߶ȡ
ҶǺεȵıÿһȭϺ䶼֦Ѿַۣÿһѹѡ
ͱ֭Һ͸ˣʪޱȡγ˴СС֭ҺСˮݡ
쿴Ŀġ֪֭лЩġ
ҶʻսԽԽ񱩣սҲԽԽߡһֻһˣܵǧšһ̵ҶʣսǵսҪս


351 
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ҶеòױһȺǿ߸ŵףȴĻӻڵԭΣصĵطҪǹİԪľˣôֻһ;ˡ
ҶʣһͻȻȵǿ˵ܵҶһϢġ
Ȼ˳УҶʹֶصϢӦˡϢ£ֱľҪ֪ʱҶֻ۷Ϊȷʵ׵ΪߵΪ֮𣬹滹Ǳŵˡ
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ҪҶʱȽϽվ˱۵ģµһľ˰ɡ
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Ǹã˿Ҷʻֵķ֣ڵԪԸӿٶ֮УѪɫжĽɫ
ԪûȡҶ׼һȻɢˡǸ߸ߵҲȻɢ½һ硣
Ҷʴ󺧣ܸоϢ˥ҶǱԪȥˣϢ˥ˣҲڻ»ˡ
ҲҶʵһͷ亹һ߼ӴԪһڳһֻǲҶϵѪ
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ž޴ڿնҶλͬʱżĹ֣Զ
ǷɹŴҶΪģպһһҵλáŴСɽһ㣬Ӵޱȡ


352 ˲춯
СɽĴա󣬻˾޴ĹľҪϽ췿Ļһžܹһսǵ˿ڵˡ
ŴïʢÿһǾһ㣬ɢɭĹ⡣ҵУʮʮֵۣͨʺѪɢҫ۵ĺ⡣
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ҶҲйֲġȻϣô
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ҶʾȻסˣס൱սŲͬƶ𺳵ǣҶʾȻŹľγ˵档
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żˣȻΣǲûٰʲôģȴӲǸܵ˲εӵı飬ޱȵĹ졣
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˲һֱߵҶʵĽԣһΪ׳ĴҶʵϡһƿֲ˼µϢҶʵڣѸٵɢҶʵģҶʵһЩҶʵ
ҶͷˡǰڶͻȻͣʾˡǰֵ˲ΣҲǰˡ


353 ס
ץסץס˲ǰˣ˶ѹļСĴߴҶʡ
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Ҷɻ󲻽⣬֪˲ʲô
ʱžɶ˶ǵͷӦʲôȻڿٵĹ⻯ʧ
ޱȵ𺳵ģСɽҶʼ˵߿ٵķ⣬ٵķֽ⡣ȻⶼҶСȻҶʵпʼ仯ž޴ľ۳ΣһɫǲӽɫģҪʵҪʵ١
ڶʱѾ̫𺳵ˣѾˡȻлǾò˼飬ȴһƽƽǰһС
仯ûоʹֹҶе˲ҲڿնٵĳҶʵȻô˽ȥ
ڱ˵ǰޱȵõ˲εǰȴޱȵʵֱӷɵžмλãȻеϡٵɢգȡϡȻҶʾ͸оʱ޿̵ĶžԼ˲Ϊ
Ŵô£̲סʵֻǳԾһһģȻʣȴûʱȥʡ
֪ҲĪġҶҡҡͷʵʵ˵
˲ô¡ôշˡŪҲǿٵʣ۾ĶҶе˲ΡҪǹȥҶʲɹô
֪ŪŪĳͳҶʻǲ֪ôش𡣽췢һжôıҶʾһֻǣľż˲Ųš
ҶʼҲǿˣǰ֮ԻֵܵĹ϶˲θĹȻôĲǲѡҶʺͺãֹ̾ͣ춯
Ϊ˱޵ģΪصúܺõĻȵĿ⡣ҶѸٵĺ
壬ʱ޿̶ԪĸоûʧΪջڣÿνԪһֽҶʵ壬ΪҶһ֡
ôңʲô֪֪ľǿģ֪Ҹ֪Ҷ۾˻ĶԼҶЩòڽ͵
ˣûָܵõġܵõҲ֮ϲɭӦѾûΣգʵڵġȻΣصɭп»Ǵ粽С治òվҶʴԲûκεƫֻ̻ʵǣ˵˴Ҷ֪ʵ
ðɣߣ·ǰ治֪ʲôǡһ˲εԼԴиĨȥˡӣҲӲҪҶóҶʿϸ˲Ҳǲϵģǻߡ


354 ڤӹ
ʰ飬һ˼·ϾĿĲΪʲôôȻкôҲǻ˳·ȡġõ˲Ѿ֮ϲˣһòͷ
ҪĿǽ鷳ģɽʱ޿̵ĶĵģʲôΣաе޵ĲõԤҲԽԽأ˿ɲĽزõľ֣ƨҲ֪һ㡣
Ϊȡ˲ҶʵҲմȾЩϢҲûκεΣգǰ·˵·ͨģЩľԶƶóһ·
Ҷ룬ʱǿޣпֲҲǲʱֵ˰ɡʱҪԵľͲҶʼˣĽͨĹľ
Ҷʻһص㣬סԼеĲǲᱻԼϢġ͸󣬸ҶʴһЩ򵥵ʲôȫʲôģ൱ǲԼ׵ıҲת޵Ҷʵϡ
ǰǲԶ뿪ҶʡȻϲ̶ȣҲûһ뿪Ҷʵġ
ɭ̫ˣΪŲʾ˲ڿȥ֪ΧϾΪ࣬Щľ֪øأУҲʮϡٵġ
ȥΧĽǼȻſ˲ǰ塣ҶʴͷģץҶһȵĳǰ档
ǵٶȣɭбʱ䣬ûпɭֵıԵġҪǸҶʵ־һֱָһ򣬴ҶΪŪ˷ˡ
ҼֱɽǲǶѾԳһˣȻô˺嫵ɭ֡ħɽ˵İѣֻûһʱܺᴩ
Ȼɽм˻˲֣ûóһʮĽųҲǲ˵ġ
Һö˵ʱľԶҡϵĹӸ˳伢ڼܳ伢кľܿٵĲġ
ûʱ򣬱˼ͷ˶룬Һշ˲Ȼŭɭмֱ粽С˶ģֱľҪǶûʲôܹסİɡ
ڼ䣬ǿһ걻ľʱ򣬻Ϊһ޴Ĳ۷塣Ǻǽڵɣ͸¶ЩľʵŷԭһҪͨ˵Ĺľûпף֪Ļ۸
һ죬Ҫľ˵ļ
죬ǰԶ
˶ѸٵǰӦþɭֵľͷˡΪĻļУɭֵıԵһ޴ĿĺǲȥԶĵطˡ
ϾҲǲܵģɭУԵľΪ֮սֵķΧôͻʧȥսܵıһ֮⣬ûʲôˡ
ңܵĸӦӦɭȫ
Ҷʼ˿ٵĴɭ֣˺Ľǰŷ֣ԭɭǴڸ߳ں׵һϵġ
·һĴӣˮֳɫɢž˵ʬ֮ĺˮ֮Уʱķӿһʬ塣ЩѾˣǼϻճЩ⡣ЩȻѾû࣬ɢֿźĸʴϢ
֪Ҳ֪ҪɽµıԵĵشվǶ˵ģ˳ⶴգҲ֪˺η
ܵɢΣյϢЩĺ¡ҲΪϢԭɡ
ҶɢŵĽ⣬ɢƽһֱڰʾҶʺˡ
ˮֳɫʴԼǿͳʬϣˮиʬ塣⡭ޱȵĳԾֱǼ˹һ
⣬ѵֻ봫˵Уû˼ڤӣҲֵľ֣˵һôŵơ
ڤôɽɽѵڤӾʹɽеһ֡иӿµĶǺ沿ƵǻҲ˲ɢʾĵļĲƽ
ԣڤûй̶յ㡣˵еڤӲԻ䡣ӦڤӵһΣǡ·㿴ʯϵѷ죬Ҳ֤һ㡣ҲǺܲƽ뵽˺ܶഫ˵ָɵ㡣
ûӦڤӵһΣǡþڤǲʱռƵġ˵ŵĹȥʵڣδ֪ĽʣᴩԶŵδӦòô󡣡˿ڣ϶Ĳ²⡣
Ҳ㹻֤ʵɽĿµˡڤӹᴩУֱЩ˼ˡ


355 ʿ
ڤ޾ʬǡܶ඼Ҫĥˣֻʣ˲ȱȫĹǻЩǰǿޱȣ֪ڤжĶˣʼձĲࡣʬеǡΪһոµĸ塣
ھԵصǣ̲ŵĶ֮ڤӸţѲá
ĶصڤвϾ˵ֻҪ󶼻ᱻڤٻӹһֱδɺԵڤв֪û˶ٵľǿߵбȾڤӸݣܶ඼˼򵥵ǡ
֪ǲǸܵҶʼ˵ĵҶʼеЩĴ塣Щżǵļһﶼ˲
ԭͲӿڤӣͻȻ䱻һЩʬڣڳĻˡȿֺҶʵһ˻˵ı
߾ȻǰĲܣ̧־ż˴һĵڤ⡣һīɫŵɫĹâɽԵҶʼˡ
ǵһƬڵĻһѹ졣
Ҷʼ˻ûüӳǵֲ嵽ɽԱߵһҵľʧˡֱѿһصŻڤеǿߵĹ˽ȥʲôûз
𣡡ȥ˵ǿǱŭˡһ˻ѹڤӶݵƽȻĸӵĿˣ˸ĳŵʶ
Ŀµż˺һһĺɽ±ߵУûһģ˲֪Ŀռȥˡ
˶һ亹ȻûһǴǵġһµ⣬ǰһɳʧ˾һ亹ҪǽͻȻѿˣǳܲסˣ˾͵һʱˡ
ǲܵġڤΧһľ֮࣬ȻĽƵġܹסڤеǿߣǻ˼䡣
ʲôһըװڤ˵ͻ˵ĶĤۡ
ڤ뿪ʼð˴ŵݣ๾ͣˮһȻĳ𣬺ݳȺӵˡ
ˮը֪޹ʬ󶼵òø߸ߵķڤӵϷը˿飬ĵڤС
һӴըˮг𣬾޴ޱȣһСɽһ㡣
һֻͨʣ˹죬Ƶڤˮ˯¶Ĺµ䡣ųͣڰСۿ޺ɫȼţʱҶʼϸϸĴ
һ֣ȻڵڤӶǰһ̻ޱȣڼžšڤӾĵ޾ʬֲ˵Ҷʼֲ֪˵ʲô
ͻȻЩֻʣ˹ڤˮڲʱĽˮУˮˮ
ʲôˣڤһϵţ֮ǰĴȵǸˡ
ͬʱϴϵײһߴӰĴӹıߵ˹ƽ̹⻬ĶǴҶʼˡ
ӵףвٵĵĻӡϡ󱳸һѴֳǹ׿ӡ
ϲûκεһŨͷڵס沿⣬ûбװס¶ĲλҲӨ׵Ĺʾصʿǻˡ
֮ҪڤӣֻɽѰУǡ·˵أûð˼شòģȻʿǿޱȣǼܹԸġ
ȻڵĴ½ҲСʿл֮ġʿʶʮֵŷǳĲҲûп̳֣һ׼֮
Ҳڤôֱ˷ѽ⡣ɽ֪ģڤôɽġʿǳ˯̫ãҲЩ㲻׵ģһ㶼ûʶԼѾȥˡ
׷ѰнɽȻͷһڤӣҲ֪ǰҪΪѣǹȥȻܴ½дҷһʿʼû¶һ˿ĵ⡣µĹҲǰţֻй
ôڤӸĵˣɽɡʿԼжϡ
ʿʶĻ漸˶һ㶡ѵڤһֱڸĵʱռ䶼ǹ̶ġҲѹֻ˵ڤӻᾭ䣬û˼


356 ڤӣ
ǰǹȥٴγ΢΢ޱȵĹ˵ĳʿ˼άҪˣЩҪǲסˡ
ղ˵׷ѰġǸùͷôʿҲȥˣָż˵ʵ
ѵж˶һ㶣ȻٵĻͷûκεĶϸһ£˲˹ʿָӦʲôĺǰɣȻܱ۵ģɽпҲ޼ˡ
ǣǵ塣ɽУӦıʲôͼ󡣡治ò΢Ľһ¡
ڵֳôˣԵǾǵ˻ɡû뵽ոѹ͵õϢ治ʱ򡣡ʿֹ˵ĴҶһ¡
ҶʸоԼѹվڱ˵ǰһʲôܶ¶˳¾Լĳ̶ԷҲ֪ˡ
ȥɣŰʿЩƵӣ¹Ķͷ
һԾ޴Ĺͷ򣬻ֳڤУʧˡֻ˴ӿ˻ڤӣԷѡ
˶Щû뵽ô׵ľͻһΣôʿЩԺġӦر鷳˻ʶˣµһ뵽ľǴ鷳ɡ
ʿĻУǵõ˲ٵϢ٣ڴǿֲĺǣľʶġֻǲ֪ΪΧʲôԭģЩͲö֪ˡ
߰ɣڷƽ˾ģǸϽȥҪʿֳ˯ˣʱӿЩ鷳˶ǶһۣȻ濪
ڡ˶ǵͷͣȫġ
ȻʿûȷĴӦҪ˹ӣҲûȷķԡǿ߶ϲѻ˵ֱ̫ףԵ֣˿˾ͰûеĶģ˾ʹˡ
ɽµһһţҲ֪ˣɢĵī⣬ûиࡣźڤӶһֱͨǸĵĻδ֪ĵط
˲ԥ첽šȻûһŶգȫôڤϣȴûһ˿Ļζι쳣Ҳƽȵģõվȵ
߳ϰ׵ľ룬ڤ춯вǼ򵥵ʬ˵ͳڤϵļ˻ţȻǶԼ˺ǲˬ
ʱƽڤһǿ͵ʶһˮһ㣬ڤˮɢ
ʶڤ°ڤˮĻҲûκε
ȻûκεĹϢҲü˾ܣڵʱıǣҶʴ³ſԪܣһУžúЩ
ԽǰˮԽءγ˻ɫˮգʲôˣֻǿĿµ·
ڤˮأ֪ôġˮǰҶʸоѹһɽҶʵЩȫֱ
µҶʸȵû죬ҺйʵģûбšɽǰҶʸȶѵ
ҲǿҶʽģԪ뵽ҶʵڣҶʵġҪûҶǻᱻֱѹſϣȻڤˮĸʴ
ҶʽڤӵķΧ֮ڵеĲȡľԪԵľ˺ܶࡣȻΪڤڵĿռʱЩͬġ
֪˶ãҶʶо˫ȾǹǦһޱȡ³ʱߣҶڵ״̬ҲЩܲ˵ġȻΪǱȥҲֻ˻ǿȡڣҶʻûбѹſ¡
ҶʶҪܲס˵ʱҶʻеԵһޱȡǰѹʧһգһǰȻʣˮʧˡ
ŵļҲǿ첽ĸ˳ûзʲôͳһһоӯޱȡûɽˮѹȣһɡ
ҶŤŤЩӲ֫ˣҶһƨ˵ϣڵĴϢšҶ綼ҪôˣҪǲȥվ˵Ļ
ֵҶʲ룬ҪԼڤˮˣļǲҲԼſ£Ȼǿǿסġ
ڴǹطˣˡҶʴţԼ塣
ļ˶һҶʳŲסˡȻʱ˵ǲʲô⣬ʱ䳤ˣûǿ͵壬ҲǳԲġ
˾ϵĵǣҪҶԪڵԪҲĵ߰˰˵ˡҪٶദһ׵ľ룬Ĳ֪ôźá


357 
ǰ׿⣬Ѿڤӵһˡⲻɫڤӣǿһ˿⣬ü˵鶼΢ĺ
ͷһ˸ߵĶɢɵĹԣ̫ԶҲ֪Ǹʲôܸܵһ˿ص
ݵϢ󣬼˿ٵ뿪ϾڤϿգһ㶼ܵġҶʵĻ˵ǾǶҪˣһ̶ҪڴĻˡ
һ׵ľ룬ӯļ˵Ǽ·ľ룬㲻ʲô
ýˣŷһ޴ʯͷֳһֲԲΣͷʯͷһ˸ߣ볣˵ΧȿԵһЩӴĵƣ޳ȵ¼ĸ顣
ʯͷֻбԵһָľлƵģĲλǿյġмŤգƣϵŤţûй̶̬
˭˿ֵʯͷѵŻ˵ġѽҺ°ҶʸԶͿˣΪʲô²Ŀ˰죬ûпŵ
ԵùЩԵùһЩҶΪʯͷһǴм䶼ǿյģʲô
ҶЩƣ־ҪȥƵʯͷ
Ҷһ֡ȣֹҶʵçײΪ
ʯͷ½һ֣̫ǻƣҪǲעȥĻǺ׵ľͺԵġ
Ǻܹϵ֣ҪдʲôҶһʶġ漸Ҳ΢΢üá
˶ǰʯͷϵּԼ˽ĹżϵֽжԱȣǰּϳˡ
һʯͷӡ֪ôģؼԼġǰҶһڴı飬浭Ľ͵
ôãܺӡҶЩڴҪǲּ˵ô档
ʶַŽǾӵмͿˡ濪˵ҲǾµʹõķ
Ҷԣ̱۾ʶ̾ʶСȻ֣İ˾Ťľϡʵûһ͸
ԭľ̵һȦ˵ĲӲڻ磬ʧˮһ˿гһĻ档ʱҶʲ۾Ķˮľ档
⻭ֻҶԼܹ˵УҶֻǱ۾ַ˾ϡ̷߲ʵϼ⣬˲ܵüϼѹסĻ档
г˵һ棬ģѵòӡ鶼˵ϣڲͣĤţϵš
Ҷһ㶣ܸоޱȵϤ룬ʯǰʶĻôڵĻӵдУڤڤеĸоһ
Ҷϸ룬һȻˡȻ˵ڶ档һϢѹӰվһ֮ϣ棬ֻһʮָߴΡıӰͻȻӰϢȫţһǰĳ˸ʧˡ
֪ΪΣҶʴڶиܵһֱȻǿƣȴ͸¶Ϣǿ߾Ҷƽ֮ǰ붼ǿ˿µˡʲôغǰǲˡǿȴŸ̬
ҶҪĸϸЩǻʹʧˡҶЩźȴ޿Σֻܾĵȴһ档
ʯȴͻȻɢһɲݿܵĴҶʵˣҶҲ˹
Ҷһ㶣ٴǰôǲֻˡҶעԪǷʯͲκε
ˣˡһȣҶһߡҶʴ˿̵˫ЩãЩ񣬾ħһ
һȣҶ˲˹ſҪ˵ȴסҶʵ͡
֪˵ʲôһЩֵʶĻ԰ɡǲҪ˵ڤڤ⣬Ҫ˵ˣ㣬Ҳǻܶ˵ġ濪ڣҶһ䡣
˵һоɿҶʵơҶſڣûзκε
ҶʵķӳҲһһǰ֪̽Լǰ
ҶʹۿʱһֻҪǰ˾ͻᱻ߲ʵϼڣʲôͨǿϵĻġ
һһǰһһֻʶǰצӰ˾ϡ
ÿ˿Ļ涼ͬÿ˵ͬ˿ޣЦЦдᣬּЦ
ÿ˶ͬķӳǾǿ֮󶼳Ĭ࣬ԼۿĻ档


358 ţ
ܶʱ򣬴ҶԼǰһǸôˣЩʲôõЩʲôʧȥʲôʲôûɵԸʲôûбѪ
ȻҶҲĹҲЩ⣬һģûеõκεĴ𰸡ᣬҲ˻
ҶʻӵĹǾԼһҪʲôҪʲôˡһͽʳģҶʲûһոճʱһѪʷѾûа취ı˵ġԭ£ҶҪһӸӵ졣
ʱߵΪǸõģһȺūаŮĺòʹ졣
뷨õģʵǹǸеġ֪һʲôӡһ˼붼ȫһˣĻԼô
ɾͳҶʵ˿̽Լܵˡǰҵĸ鶼Ǹӵġ˵ѹǿģϾǸԼԼһ뷨һµ̬Ҳһ
治˵ǵ濪ǰԼǿ˹ԼӡʮƵĴڡ
Ҷʻָ죬ӦΪֻ棬Ȼʲôûˡǿǰһ棬ͨҶʵǰµĸ֡
˵Ҷ˵ģΪ֪٣ҶʸûκεӰ죬ҶøԼһЩĿꡣҲ˵ҶǲҵģΪ˼˶ǰûеõܺõĽ
ҶʲͬǣʣµÿһˡȥʱǰĻǿٷĻᣬѸٵǰһ顣Ժж˺ܶļ䣬ҪģˣǶྭһ
Ƿǳɰתͷգһж羵ˮ¡ͻȻĸп
ǰܶôҸǶôʹࡣǶôĸߴǶôСͷһеһжɢˡӡ֤Ǿ䣬Ļ
߲ʹ࣬׷󣬲ϣʲôûˡ
һôǿ𡣻˵֮ǰ׷ĶûмֵôҶʿ˵񾭴Ҳ˵վ˵ۡ
Ϊֻ൱ʲôûпҶ˵ĺܶԣǰǰ˼룬нĿꡣǰѾȥԹѾһʹĲޱʵģǴҶܹסġ
̫ˡǰֻƽ档泤һնǰдƴµǿ
ԣǰ޷ı䣬Ҳı䲻ˡǹ桭ҲǴȡ
Ǻӡ
䡭

˼ᶨԼıģȥ֮ҵֹۻɳһЩز۵顣
ҪĻ˻Ĳó֡ϹȥԼûа취ͨ˻ȵɳȻų֡Ȼõİ취ǣҶֽ޵С
ҪģͼĻǿ¾ͲòɳһЩˡ
ҶҲ뾡ҵȴûôĸӡҶʴʼնֻһͷܹΪ֣˵˾ҵģùˡ
ƹŵһͷǳ׵ڤӵķΧһͷľһһߵҲһ޼ʵƽ̹ĵơ
ڤӴɽģʵҲѿڤӴӲ֪ĿռɽһԶľ붼ŽƣڤӵһС
ɽм͸һƬڤӣǲ֪ڤ֮ǰɽʲô
һߵɽȻ˵Ҳдеľ󣬵ľҪϸࡣĲڴϸƬʮ˲ܺϱľָûȡ
һǶȻģô߸Ǹոȥһ
ʵⶼߵĵƲͬ͵ġľֵƽ̹һ߾Ҫʯ᾵öˡʯֱ죬һһ㡣ľͳЩʯϣǹʯеЩĿյϣȻȻܵơ
վڹʯ᾵ɽ±ϣҶʵΣյϢҶ˾裬СĵĽ䱸š
ҶʿڣҶʵɣЩ˾ȻȻֹ֪ۡ¾ûǰľֺڤ·ùˣᱻ
Ҷʴͷ󣬼ٴվһΡһ˸ҶʵĽŲȥ
ܿģżһֵ󡣲ľǹʯǴĻСġÿһֱޱȣûһ˿ֱֱڵϣֱָ졣
һЩӲݶΥԭÿһöҶƬÿһ֦ȫָϿաطӲݻٵĶЩſſĴͬ


359 ʯֽ
ÿһÿһʯÿһҰݣŬϣв־š
ֵǣҶʾȻиӦ޵Ľ⣬ûǽ⡣
ҶʷˣļҲǺܿľͷˡְѴҶòСʯΪļӲЩĽ⻹˵ĹȥҰݵĸޱȣô·Ľأ
ҶΪǴǸҰݷЩı졣·֮ǰķ֣ҶĹ۲죬ŷǲȫˡ
ҲȫͬҰ̺Ľǿ֮֡еޱȣҪǱ۾һΪǰŵǷ񽣣Ӳݡеϸ˿ޱȵĴʱҪɢһ
ԽߣоĽҲҪǿࡣһжɢ޵Ľ⣬˷ģʱ޿̵Ķڴ̼ż˵񾭡
ǲһƬ˰ɡҶСֹȻ˲Լľأʱʱ̵̿Ķڴ̼ż˵񾭣ͻȻʲôܳˡ
֪ǲΪ֤Ҷ˵׼ȷԣһŴһһĽҶʵͷ
ҶʰԼһѻ죬ûκεĺ¡̶ֳȵĽ˲Ҷʵġ
Ҷʽɫȭͷ߾٣׵ȥжһĻӰ
顱һ죬ǽȻǻ̫СҶһȭˣϸĽ˷޲˿ȥ
ΪжôĿ¡Ȼһж̺ŽޱȵķɢЩֲǽâƥĽġҶһʶӣֲޱƶ˵
˭֪εĹֻһźţҶʵľٶͱѡ
Ľ˷ײľСʯСӲСûһ˿ɢģȫΧһиˡ
߾裬Сһ㣬д鷳ˡҶʻûзԾմմϲģ治òҶʵͷһ£ȻҶһưˮѵ
Ҳ̫˰ɣİû£٣١Ҷʻû˵꣬Ȼ˵ˡŵĴģ֪鷳ˡ
ϸ齣һжȫľʯͷӲݣÿһһ˲ȥƽ¶˿µһ
ľľӲݻӲݣʯǹʯֲһˣľǽӲǽʯǽеһоͻȻʵת䣬仯һ
ˡؼ䶼һĹʯľӲͬʱ졣
Ľ˷޲նҶʼˡ
ȻͬûʲôΣտԣҶʵɫˡһεĹȻҪ֮ǰĿֲĶˡҶʸоÿһЩĵһƽζС
룬Ҷʳˡ˫ǰһԲȦȻ˫һ˽ɫԲ
ɫԲҶ𿪣ײȥҶʼĽ෴ķ
һӴϵͣײ˶һ˻ƽԲϣԲײ飬ٴλϸ齣˷ɢ
һαеĶ࣬ΧһжǴһǿһ
ˡһ죬һѹޱȣ˼ҪѪ
ӿֲĽ˹һÿһһεһࡣҶܸܵķǳʮֿ϶˵ȻһαԼĽȻһ˹
ΪͬͬԴĹϵȻͬմȾЩĲͬǱ˵һһġܱĽգںϣȻ󷢶һι
Ҷʳտһ¹棬Ҳüͷ壬ȻǷı仯ֱ߻֮ͬһǻ۵ģһûǻ۵ĶʩչġһԪΪӣһԽΪźš
߶ͬĿֲޱȣҶʶΪһõ߻Ĺǿˡ
ҶҲѧԪһһģǳˮһĲ˳
ǿֲĽ嵽˽ǰҶʵĹŹֵԪ赲ʹ̲Ԫʱ򣬺ĽҲŸԪɢʱ򣬽Ҳȵı˳ȥ
˼ΣҶͻȻӿĲƵʡԭǰĽȻܵҶʵŵԪѹֱӽˡ
ҶʲûиˣɫӵѿΪֱӰѽġ
ǽˡ˵Ľ俪ˡ
һ·Χ֮㣬֮ࡣ춼ϸĽ䣬Ҷʶͷ亹


360 ǿն㣡
ܼĽһ㣬˷˹һȺ˽޲䡣
ϡϡϡ
ϸĽܼĺҶʵĻϣ໥ײһľҵĽײϸĽûжôǿҵĹײڻϣһȦȻܿľˣƬɢȥ
Ⲣȫкܶ׳Ľֲޱȣһɹ⣬ն˼ˡ
ҶȻҲ֪ԣһʱҲ벻ӦԵİ취ֻԲӦ䡣ż˵ȫ֧֣ҶڵԪ೤ûһ˿ľ¡
һ̣Ҷʻս񡣾ڶԿ죬޾Ľĳˢ
ûԼǿʺԼ˫ȭƵƵ趯ܲ͸硣ֱ۶ʧˣֻһƬӰǰγһƬĽɫȭǽڡ
ҶʵȭͷÿһλӻǺҵĻˡÿһαȻҳƬϸĽǴ׳ĽȻ˵ǰ񣬵ȴ˺Ҷʷֺ
żнǶȵŹֵģҲҶǱһȸˡֱӲסˡ
ҶȻǿƣҲǰ취ǽ޾ģҶˣ뼸Ŷ
ҶʵԪԼģȫǱ͸ġҶʵԪϾ֣Ȼ˵ĺˣǶԪҪҲǾ޴ޱȡ
ҶʸǿгŵףȻ˵ǿɣҲҪ˻ġ£ҶʱסˣļҲƵûа취ֻвͣЪĸҶԪҶ˿ȥʱ
ǲûҶʿԼǰȥǷԪﲢܷӳܵ˺ܴƣϢÿһռ䡣
ҶʵԪҪһȽ׵ӣͲϢӰ졣ǾͲͬˣʮɵΪܷӳһˡ
ǿһСȥҶġǺӴţ˽һƬĽͺޱȣ궼Ҫˡ
ڵĽûˡһƬĽһƬ⣬һƬһƬĲաҲ˵Ҷʼ˶һƬУʱ޿̵Ķżˡ
Ҹʲôأ߻û˰ҶҲǽĴšڵ߻Ͼ޵ġ
ڴһƬԷյĿռУҶʳԹˡĲƵþƲġֱӾͱĽиֽ⿪ˡ
úᡣǺǰһֻƣҶʵԴϡȻʶͨĽӴҶʵԺӡһξӡ
ҶϵĶͣһ߷Ժеľӡڲϵݣģš
ͻȻҶʵƱ仯ˣЩλãЩʡ˫˼µӡִ̧˳ȥ˶ǹĿǺһۣû˵ʲôǺҲѸٵŤͷڼ˵Ŀⲻᡣ
˲ޱȣǻһһֱĿֱɽеҶڵķλ
ǳâɭޱȣӴޱȣʿƬ磬ռ䶼һΪ
ҶʼͬʱһʵԵЧˣѹ
ҶʼЧͬʱһƵصǳҶʵڣҶʾޱȵϵӡ仯øӵĿˣڵԪӿһĹ켣ת
Ӻ嫣ӿֲĽâƬǺӶѹȵ˶ҪϢˡ
˸˵̫ˡɽҪǾôͣԹһֱееľô
ɽϿգתȡɽе֮֮лۣתһ޴ͼ
ͼγɵһ˲䣬Ǵ׳ɭǳâͱضˡɽڲĽâ˲䱻飬ֻԭеĽâͬˡ
ĻޱȣĿһͼڻתжôֲǳ֮£ͼɽϿС
һתĸĪ㣬Ƭǿնš˾ȵǣƬǿձޱȵС̵ȷʵ˵ĿֲƬǿնκβķֺһ˿ûС
ҶǿյĸӦһĪŤŵˡתŵطҲͣ
ǺҲðʼʧûҶʵٻƬԻǿҲȥˡ
ƺǸоûʲôðˡٴλɽеÿһ䣬ǲֹһ
ǺӿһĻҲЩΣҲáҶѾǺܲˣǻκβء


361 
Ҳ˵ǺӴҶʵһûһãҲٴ̽ɽһЩǳʲôûзҶ˵ҲǺõģôҲѧһţ԰ɡ
ǺӣҲǲõҵġЦ
֮ǰ綼ģҪҶʵˡûüȥҶʣֱɽˣȻҶҲɽˣȻôҴææĴˡȻô飬ûʲôˡ
ȻûˣҶԼûа취ӦԵġͨİ취ˣȻҪЩѰİ취ˡ
Ҷʩչ˹ĵ߻ȻûȡʲôЧȺǿ߾Ͷ˼ˡ
ľ磬һûʲô˭ƴġһƴһһģû䣬Ҳܾ˵Ľ
Ҫ˵˱ԴѾʮã˵ͻƵĻ͸ӵãˡ˵ӿԪģľˡ
սʹ֮㵽Ϊֹд衣вûдǰ֪˶ٴΡδ̵Ҳ̴һô
ǴҶ֣ûа취Ŀ˭ǿ˭ˡЩ˵طκεʱڴҶֵ£ȻռݲСıˡǴҶ֪Ƿֲǿġ
Щ˵ƴģһ˾أܱĹκ˶ļ¡
ȻֲսҲ˵ĽͬһףҪֳµİɡǿͷϵģǾϵģҲǻ࿴ۣûڿԭ
ھһԭ㴫ҶǿˣǺûᡣһһ˭ЧҶ˵ʲ˵ġ
ǰҿҶʩչ߻ȴûһЧȻûڱǴҶЦˡȻطǲôõˡ
ǺȿֺĴҶһǽǺֲԴҿıޱȵ֡
ҲȻˣǺҪҶΪͽܵġȻ海ˣҶʾܾˡǲǺӶҶʵϲֱӴҶǿѧҲԼһ׮Ը˰ɡ
ʵǺӻȷʵġޱȵڴţԼҶʵųֲ
ҶʵҲǲȻûȫգѾܴһЩֲЧˡǺʮֵ⣬ƬǺӵѹ䡣ǳ֮
ǺܿģǺӵɫѿΪȻǿңȴʮֵĹŹ֡ȻͿԼҲʧЧˡ
ʱһΪҶʵĸ塣ӦѧľĽѾǺˡܲܲҴŵģȵ֮ɡ
оǣ뼸ͬ׵֪˵Ŀ¡ǰǺӵѾĻˣȻʧˡҪ˵طЧأǲǱˡ
òٵˣʴʱվ˳ƵҶʵǰһָҶʵüġ
ˣúõᣬĽط浭ĿڣЩϣ˼деʽȻʽĵص֣Ҳ̫ڵļˡ
һ̣ǰʿĽѸٵĺ£ˣмѹȹơ
أҶһȣѸٵİθ
һֿµط۷壬ߡ嶥أ˵ǿޱȡͽ˺Ѳ񷣬ժ׽¶ڻ¡
ҶʵٵİθߣȻ˵ûмŸߣƸӵĺˣѹؼɽ
ΧĻҲҶʵı仯ٵšǰǽ˲Сľ롣
ûУ巨ص֮ǵطؼʩչġҵطճѳؼġһĵ⣬һصı顣Ѿ⼸˴ͷɥı顣
ǺþҶʿٵСšˮһÿ죬Сøǿ졣
գۼ䣬Ҷʾͱ仯ѰĴСһԺ֪ô¡
ˣôˡһΡ˵Ŀ⿴Щۺ졣
أȻֲޱȣҪԪ͸ӵĿ¡ʩչЩǰοǱԪҶʣԪͲĵġ
Ȼ˵ܹ֮еԪģάŶķࡣʲôطɽŨ֮⣬ôԪҶյġ
ʱʩչȻԾĹҶû㹻Ԫ֮ûбҵˡ


362 
һһǰһһĴҶطҶȻž޴ѹǸоŵסطǱ˵ģڴԼṩԪҶʻӻҶʻʲôء
һâ죬һһУһضɽҡģһַƽ˾ҶǷǳĿģѼǿߴڵطһ飬顣
ָУ̸ϵġһҪģܴµ˽طתÿһ裬ԺҲ㵥ʹòǡ
ȻҶֳĶСȴûκεʵԵЧҪ˵ΨһЧǰļ˶ĵòᡣ
ȻΪҶҵĻӻ˵ʯֶҶʸˣȫˡ
вٵʯҶʵĹˣ˴ʯƤ¶ĶһѽһѹӵıһѲȱеĹӵı
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ĽѵһУ֮зĽΪеĶڲһѳԵʡ
ҶʿʼʶĹΧһСһȭľмҷɣһ˲ܺϱĴӦء
ѵгһ⼣߰ߵĳأҪˡȴſֲķ֮εת
һ߳һǧĴʯҶʸ˸顣ҲǳһѸеıһĿҪһ㣬һĽ졣
ҶƻΧܹŵһУҰЩ֮⣬һڲһǸĳ
һͬص㣬ÿһ彣֮󣬲ɱǷ֮ҪȲлʯͷҪֲöࡣЩʯʹڻ޲ųŽʵá
Ǳ¶ĳٻЩǱŵĳܵ˸ӿֲķϢȫĳˡ
һ¿˵ǵضɽҡġеһжַۡյȫľмʯ顣һʱıͬʱһ㡣
ǰܿıʮֵĵ˽ǽʲôˡ֮иŴء
Ӧڣ޸ĵطͻȻ˵
˶һ㶣Ȼ뵽˻ԡЩȱʱ򣬻ǲǣҲǲѡôصĲɽУЩ̫ˡ
½ԹһأҪǾͲһЩЩͭģȥδЦġԵûôСһ㡣
ڣҶҲǷӳ˹ôѣҶʷǲˡ
ֻҪմȾϵĶҶʾͲôĺµġֻҪоԵѹƣͲ»ᷢʡ
Ҳ˵ˣþԵѹԷĴ󲿷ֹŹֵܹױġ
ûҶʻĲŶЩͭûа취
Ҷǰ죬ƽǰ˫һǰһ΢ֿȻվ˫΢΢бգڿ˼ơ
ҶʵĶ˶֪ҶҪʲôˡǰһ˻ԸµĶ˵ȡЧġ
ҶĿʼǿֵȴûȡһʯһľмġԪٵĻ۶Ҷʵγһõĳ
һαȽʵŵĽɫϡ
Ҷһȣеĳ޻ڵĺɨ˿ȥ
ҶΪģһȦεĲٵɢȥʱռ䶼ˣֻǵɢǰ塣
顱һ죬նǱնˣҶһΪҶʳɨĸ߶ȣҲĵطƬճһڵѷ죬Ǳпˡ
ռżǿ޸չѷոճ֣ȻѸٵĺˣʲôûзһǳĲƵĳǹ˿УɢŽ
ѵҶһնƫˣ漸˵жͬʱðôһͷȻͬʱҡҡͷԼ뷨
Ҷһ¸ûй̶Ŀ꣬ôܻնƫôһ˵ʣµĻһͣ¾ǹɡ
Ҷ̾һҶʵӲˡǿ粻򲻵Ǹĺ壬Ӳֲ
ϡһѳ˵ϣˤأȻ΢ײΣ˼졣
һźšϵͣǹƬյĲƳһǲˡ
һδҿȫһΪˣмնˡ½һ㣬ĵײ˵ϣ졣
Ļ˲Щ̳ҲûκεĶڵˡһƬʡ


363 ֲ֪
Ҷʲһ޹ٶ̫죬˫һնȫֻΪռ˲̣û̵ѡ
áðԵŴ죬˰죬Щľ˵Դһݴʡ
Ծ˶ԾʸҶõģǰҲһһһεǲͬˣһθӵİԵȻҶʶһطӵˡ
˲룬ǲԼˡ˻ԼĴеЩط˻ѪУΪ£ᱻ
˻ʵɸӵĿֲҲӵʺҶʡ⴦Ļǵʱ˰죬˵ҶʵĶҶʽͻԼĸõط档
ôҶһǣΣǽˡҲܲѹˡѾҪ͸֧ѵļ˶ŴץʱظڵԪ

ȻƵҵʱɽĸһкº۵ڿٵĲơͻȻһ˷
ʲôôô졣һͣϵĶҲЩȡ
ǰ̫ˡȻ֪ҶڣӦܹġû뵽ٶô죬ڤţڣȡҲЩ޺޵˵ЩҶһ˵ٶȡ
ҲҪˣʱһϲڴ߿˵еģ˲
ϧûа취ӵˡǱɱĸЩź
İѾ㹻ˡҪǸģҲƲõˡкȰοţǸЩɵ
ǰҿǿ˲ٵĶȻǰһ˻оһҶʵϱɡˣӿٶȣֹ˵Ȼߴ˼١

Ҷʻ֪ԼĴѾǰ׼ľϲˡû뵽Ȼһ˻ʾо𣬸ǰѳתҶʵϡ
ҶȫԩĶֲһҶ֪ˣҲᵱһ¡ע˵ֻһܻȥһһʲôϵء
ҶҪ֪Է룬ʲôѪûģһĽ㡣뵽϶˯ţԷԲ㡣ʱҶʻΣʳġ
ҶʻεĸУÿһʹһرᣬÿһζͬɶطĸԽ̣ٴγʱҲǿ
ҶޱȵļţȥҪ˶áһ죬һء
еĳûɢǸӵʵ˹ҶһȻ˹
еĳױȵȻҶʵĿɿڴУѾصĶϽг˻ٵıԴȫеĳ֮ϡ
ʧȥеԵĶϽǳ׵ĸˣһѰѵĶ̵⣬⼣߰ߣһˡ
ҶеĳҲʧˡ۶ıԴĨȥһеӡʮֵĴ⡣һů˳Ҷʵ˽ȥֱԺ
Ҷʴ󺧣ʲôϽĵԪֹھȻѹסˣԪڵУȻ
Ҷڵٶȼ죬˳ҶʵľϣѸٵҶʵԺС
ˣˣҶֻһͷˡȻǿͣû˵ԵڲҲǿͰҪǳȥһңҶ̾ͻʶ飬òˡ
ҶʵĵĶˣǳȥĽûеҵĻᣬҲûеҡҶʵԺֱĪʧˡ
Ƭ֮ҶʵԺоȻӦһϸ΢ģʶ
Ҷһ㶣ѵԺеǸصĶ춯ˡҶǺޱȣ⵽ʲôޱȵľֵصá
û°ɣŵʵֻҶڷȻǿֲĽϵѹѹѹȻͳҶʵڡ
ôΪģ˶ôΪġΪҶͻȻʲô͵Ϯ͵ϮѡʱǾȷ֮ҶԵЩɵʱ
ߵȫΪҶʵԭȻҲṩ˲ٵԪҪûҶǽ粽У˵ǰ֪̽ǸΣյĵشǺ˶ûа취ڤӣȫġ
û¡Ҷʱ̼عʵĻشš
ǡһ㶣治֪ôˡ
֪Ҷ֪ԷҪ֪ʲôҶҲ֪ȷʵǲ֪ġ


364 ռ
ѯҶʰ죬Ҷʻ֣֪ʲȻˣ׷׵ǰ̽Ҷʵڲȷʵûʲô飬һ
·һǳһŵǰߵġʯǱĹ֣ƽȲŹ֡
ǻ۵ĶǼӲʯʲôûˡʯֶϾһ
˲֪ԶľˣҲûзһ˿⣬ӲݶûһģҪ˵йľˡ
Ȼĵطٲ˿ġľͲǿˣϽ硣ŴԶʵɽϴĴʯͷ¡¡ڼӲĵϹš
¶ģûбʴʯȫ¶˺Ľ󡣲ϸҲܿ沼ϸܵĲĹκۡ
еԪ쳣ĹŹ֣ѷյġҶʳԪ֮⣬ҶǽԪġһ·ҶˣҲֻҶܹ˵లµɽߡҲû¹Լܲܵ磬һǲȥԣѾϰҶʵĴˣԼҴ
쿴ǰʲôҶͻȻǿһ㲻һĶˡ
һ·ҶʶҪˣʲôûС˳ڵʯ硣
ʵľͷȷʵһһĶһĻԲ滹һѾ޴Ķ̫Զ
УһиʵĶˣ˵͵Ͱľ󣬸ι״ġ
ԶĶ˵ĸߴ󣬻ŻԲһ壬ȷʵǲһĶˡ
ⲻܹҶʡϾôһ˵ô˶ʱˣһͷĸܿüĿˡҶھ̬Ѿһľϲˡ
˶Ǽӿ˽Ųǰȥýˣſȫò
ȷʵһѣһͷͷʵ̫ھ޴ˣ³ǧҶʡҶʼվڷͷǰһС
ͷϲһѴĶһشꪣ¶ѩУڵİĲֿӦ޷֮С
ѴҲ֪ˣ걻紵ȴ࣬ԽԽꪵϢޱȵĳأܹѹһ㡣Ҳ֪ʲô˲ܹô޴ı
Ȼ죬ȴ˶ѡһķͷһѴĴꪣʲôûˡǰòԶĴӦĶ
һ·һ·ÿһͷΧòԶһͬ¶еĶһŲͬĶȻ͸죬ǶǱ
һ·˴ꪣǹ󵶡ǿ˾޴Щģȴǿű
ÿһɢſֲƣǳϵİɱ֮ÿһɷ졣
ϰٲǰȻʣ˴ƬĿտĵشܣаر¶
Ҷһ֮ǰֻǴеһ˹ѡ
еĳһԲΣġյһ޴ķĹ˵Ѿˡ̫ڵĸߴˣһɽˡ
ɽͷϷͬ¶˰ضһӣֻϰ¶棬°βͻɽС
ÿһƬɼͷ죬Ҫڿնǻ
ȴûһ˿ϢеֻǷûױȵķžԵİԵϢ
Ҷʶĸоһʱ֮벻оǴӺζˡ
˭Ѿİ̵ôѿġôǼһһôûƷλϲЩʺĵطʲˣȻԼΪĶֵ˵
ҶʾôһͣҶϤĸоǴӺζˡ
ǰûôǱͱУҶĥӳȻһ޴ޱȣһ˵ˡߵϢȫһģһʵޱȵơ
֮ǰ֮ûеһʱǱǰ߰ıȥˡ⿴ۼҶһʱûǷȥ롣
ȻǰǴΧôĿޱȵıĹʲôطôĿµıأҶʿҪˡ
һ·ϱĥĶ˾ˣֵĶϡͿĳˡԼȻܵ˱˵սˣⲻô
ǲ֪׼ôĺ֣Ҳϣûзּˣӳȥˡ


365 ޿ˣ
ԶǿͣȻǧˣֺαؼءҶʼ˴ùģҪȳȥʱһϤĹл졣
ˡʱﻹе£ҰҪˣҪȥġҶĶҪˣŵĨͣѸٿ
ȻˣôҲҪɣȻ˻ΪҴͲܣҲ˵ġ˵ǰѣҶʣǰеĴȻǲҶʼߵġ
ĲôãڵҶʼ֡ˣôô׵ľͷŹء
˵ʱ޿̵Ķڵһ̰ðű¶ϳΣգ֣Ҫǵȵ˻λƵˣֺˣǿ϶ǱʱЦЦˡ
ҶʱҪܵģԷгԼֺһΪԷ֮һţԼͱˡ
һȣĹضŵ̵ĸų˲ԡĹضȻܲɽϢˡ
ҶʼͣŲΪıע⣬ǲò¡ǰû취ˡ
е黯ζ˻˻ӵĴߣۼɭɭޣҲ֮ͻÿһɢƣȻ˵ҶʻǾüڱи
һȺ͵ߣϢ޵ҶʼˡҶʺɣǲȰ棬ִҪȥĻ»ǵһʱͱڶΧġ
ȺϢʮֵĹŹ֣ʱǿʱģ֪ȱΪȫļǵܳ
ЩҪˡе϶һһϷһϢٲһ㴹£е鶼УǸӵĲˡ
ȻⲻȫڣҪֻôĻҲڣͷˡ΢΢ҡΣһѰѵ͸ıϣĻÿһĳֵĹɡ
Ҿߣ㿴㡣Ҳ̫ˣŪô¡أҲ˼ˡҪԺпգҶ˼ˡôųӭңʵܳˣûа취ˣҶת٩˵
ô˵û̹ҶҲǳԲ׼ҲҺҳ֣¶Ͼ˶ԵУǱƴʵҪϵĶԾûпսҶôҲơ
ҪͷռҶʵıҲǲܵġҪϹĻϴ϶ҶʲĻû˸˵Լġ
Ҫǲ֣ͽϵĶԾĻҶǲκ˵ġûܱԼǿˡ
һ㶼ڱ˿ûôߵĹ񣬵Ƕһ㶼ߣһ¶дܡҲʡ͵ĵƣ˵Ļһ˿ɱ⡣ȴ˲Է׼ˡ
岻ʣǸսҶʿͷֻԷսһƽ֣ȥ׼ǿȥˡ
ߡҶʵͺһֻõȻҲΪ׷߲ܶԸ
ҶʻûдΪԼ޵СԷ׼ʱݴ;ĵԼϹȻгֵ׼žԵĵġ
Ҷʼˣһ·ϳ;棬Ǿ϶ʮֵƣ͡ɵӶó˱˵ȦסôҶʼôĳԿӳȥһսĿܡ
˵ϢһɣҶʶҶȻҽصĶ˵һ¡ضǾҵҡһ£һںһ㡣
ԪİżˣҶüͷһͷŶԼ·ϵ˹ȥ
һͷ޴ϻɢžԿ񱩵ϢͷһѿĻƱɢһƵƥĵâ
ҶʾȻѡԼϻЩŭ򵥵־ԼСˣҶѰϡ
ϻһ졣ı죬ϸ΢Ĳצ̧צâŤתţصҶʡͷϿյı壬һٲƥ£ҪҶʼһΪ
Ҷ޾壬˫ȭ졣Ӳӵȭ޻ڵĺĻצâҶ飬ȭͷȥƲص˻צϡ
ϻѪ飬ȻʹˡһʹĺУ岻ȥ
ͬʱƥĵâˡҶȭٳȭʽ䣬һǰһ˫ȭʱһУӦǾ仰ȭͷӲ
ƥĵâҶʵֱϡǺ˵ģһСԿһ㡣


366 㻹
Ҷһηսһ޵еı壬ܴһƬʢ
ƥƵõâصĿҶʵұϣ˲仯˷ɻң¶˽ʵֱۡâҶˣֱֻһֱĳİɫۡ
ż˼ӳֵҶ̫ǿˣֱ󣬳ԽķˡȻͣƵǷ˫ǻǲҶʵĶ֡Ҷʵһ֮С
ҶʵˣͻˣҶѸٵĸ̧һƾͳͻҶſҧԴϡ
ͻҶʳЩŤЩΣ㱻ҶֱӳɢˡƵͻһ壬ศɡ
ƵֱҶ˹ǵâǱɱֹҶʼĹ鱻ҶֱӴɢˡ
ҶŭʲôԼרĵĳʱҡɫҫɵһõҶʵмת
Ҷʳֿ磬һص˻Ƶĵϡ
ϡһ죬ֱҪ˵ĶĤ˺ˡͬһʱ䣬ϲϺ˵ģոʵ˵ͻҲǷһʹ
ҶջơƵͻ˳ȥһӡɼ
ͬһӪģ漸Ҳǿ͹ǿǶ˵ѰļӲĲʣɱǱǿ˲١ҶʾȻһӡŵҪôǿҪôǿ
ҶʼҪסٵһҶҲǿ˵ŵڣȻ죬ϡɱࡣҲôиһѡ
ҶʲǴãǴһѵģƵѪġ
Ҷңһû뵽ҶôĸͰԵѾԼסˣ޼ɵĹƻ
ĶڵѪڣȻǿϡҲв١ʵޣƽڣȫķӡӲĶٵʵΪԸҶʶ㹻˵ģû뵽Ҷʻ˵İԵ
ƵҪҪҶĴһȻ޸Ŀܣ鷳ޱȣҪʱ䡣ң⻹ûȫƷͱҶʸˡ
Ǿ൱һ峤һؤˣ˻ġ
ҲΪûȫĽ⣬ҶʸӦģϢʱʱ͵ĸо
ĶҡҶʸû֣ͣм˼˲УٴδһԦżϡ˹ȥ
ҶȻҴһǴʱòˡпֲϢҪһƲֵļȥҶʺܻ᲻ᱻͱǰ͸Ĵ󶴡
ҶʶԼݣҶʲƴǲֵáһѻƵʮѵϡÿһڻƵֻ˵ܣûʲôʵԵ˺
ҪԼһʼͱ˵ĻǾûʮҶΪԼսˡ϶ͻᱻ˺Ҷϥ΢һ˼˱õľ
Ҷʴż˻һ⣬ٵĵˣһա
ɱֻǴ˼ӰҶʵ˵½Ƕûġ
ͻŻƵٵĿֽӹĸҶһ¼ֱ̫ˡһ߰ݣһ͹𣬳һƵ״ҪټӴ󼸷ܻƵܱҶʸһ򴩵ˡ
ˣƵ֪Ҫò޸ˣȻûбҶѾӽˡе·Ҷʸ˲١
룬ڻͲҶʸողˣֱӴ˻Ƶ׵ı϶ǿԡԼͿԳô˻Ҷʸϸ飬Ҳǽ˴ˡ
ӣȻ˻ƵԵʱûʲôôˡһغϵĽ棬˵ҶС׬һѡ
ҶǹճһĨаЦһ
ҶҲ̽ЩȻûмʶϡοֲǹ䱾壬Ҳܲ²һģԲӵġȻ֪ʲô⣬˵ȱӲȫֻǱ座˰ˡ
ҪǱȼ̶̳ȣʲô˻ء嶼ҪѷɫǿıҶʻЩƷ
㻹˲عҶʵĶһ϶ġ
ְ̧ѻƵǾ޴СҶʵ˹ȥ
ƵֺͻһƵľâ˵СٵķŴѸٵıʱӣУһеϢȥ


367 Ķң
˷񣬷ζҪըˡ֪ҶʺǿҲԴġҶ׼Եĺͳ˲һսʤΪĿģΪĶԴȪ
ЯҶʵ׷ᡣҶȼ˵֧ţԪ棬ٶ졣վͬһ߶ȵ޵жû̫ƣǽסﵽ˸ߵĸ߶ȣȴǸƾеӡ˭Ҳû̫ơ
׷Ҷӡǲ׷ʱ䣬ҲҶʺҵҵĻᡣ
ҶʶȦӣѰҷĵطҪͻΧȥڣУҶʼǾòȫġӲΣǽ֮£ҶʲǾӣӲɵǺǵվΣյĵط
ȻҲҶʵĴ㡣Ҫ׷ҶʵģҶûг˼ҲͲҶʺķʱˡڣУһжĿƷΧС
ͻȻֹͣˣ˫˼ӡʼƶͬʱиĻͷϡҶȥ
ҶˣټѾûˡÿһϡһĲˣ͵ҶʳȻҶʺһ
ҶʱƵ·šתͷ˿ԵĵҶкһͷ˹ȥ
ԭز㲻ģʧһ㡣ҶʻΪʲô壬ѾˣҲûбʲôð취ˡʱҶǿδеǿƣΪᱻıóѵĻᡣ
ȥƲڵԪøӵľˣսƺƴ
ҶʿҪײʱб͵һֱ֮ȡҶʡ
ҶʲòҪǴżػߵҲһˡ׼õĿ֮⣬ȴǾԵ˵Ҷʵġ
Ҷʿɲðգڵľ̫ڻްѲˣҪԼ
Ҷ͵ȭˣΥԭĴӼ䵽˼ȻִӼ䵽˼ˣǰˣǷٵĺˡ
䡱һ죬΢΢ĲҶ֮ǰĵطһӣпƽһ˲ʹʧһ
ô˺ս浱ǲôҲǴӦӦһ˳ˣƾˡϤϤĲҶйݽֵģսǳֹģҵĲ׵ߡ
㱾Ͳڣʵ˭֪ʲôطҶʷŰۡ߿˵³Ͼɺޡ
սУԼҪʹɱֵʱ򣬾߳ˡƻҶʵж˵ûһ˿˼ľͶҶʳˣҶʸսǡ
Ҷʱ־ڱصõһҲǱͻȻֵ߸ƻġô˵أڣÿεǳʱյöǸոպõġ
Կֺ߳ҶʳǲסķˡȻǶ۵ûʲôøˡ
Сӣͦ˵ȱȻȻҲһ㶣ȻҶܻغ
ʵҲֲҶʻô˵ǰôˡڣУڸ˼˵Ϣǰѹ񲣬ڰܺܺõӦͻ״
ҲǿҶֱȡ֪ҶСаţԿ˳Ҷʡ
㣡ҲǶЩˬսܻ룬ҲžԵĹ͡ʱ˶Һ߳ɪ浱һɱ⡣
Ҫ֪˸Ͳںľٶù֮ǵġսеľǧ򣬲ȫᡣҪɱΪȤˣǾԸɲġ
Ŷ㣬档Ҳã͸ϽɣٺúõıȻȻȻҲϳ˹ϴιҲúǲˬ
˿˵˿̶ˡһļϣҪչһս
ĦȭƵģ̧žҪȥһְֻ˼ͷϣùһʱ䶯á
ĶңŹǸĵ˵ͷȻ߳ҶʵԪΧڡ
任˼ΣȻǷˣһԣ
ޱȵʹޣΪսǧ顣ҲޱȵʹޣΪսǣΪҶʡҶʲ㱻ɱ˵ǶԺ˵ĺһ㶼ڹ档
ʱվˣվ˶棬ҪҶԡ˵ҪѺ˸ˡ
ȻҲ뵽һ㣬û˼Ҫƽʱɲô˵ģϾҶбƴ˼׵˭Эġ


368 ߣ
ǰıʵŹԪҶֿΧѹڴҪҵĿѾˣٱʵҲõˡ
˫ȻһսֻӮˣмȥʱʲôûˡʱ˶ҪƴˣԪʱûҪȵʲôʱ򣬵ȵˣȻԱô
߳ҶʵĻķΧ̾͸оǿѹڣȻɽУڣҲǷԳһռ䣬ɽϢ档
Ȼѹ󣬵ڣĵѹΪߣӲˣʴȻܣǻĳܷΧ֮ڣʵӰ첢
ԪȫתгһֲĹȫѪҺˣսѹƵһ
Ҳãһ졣ȻòһսЩźҲЩѡ
߳еҲǲȹĶˡЩϲЩϲҪôһ϶ûԸˡ
ȡһѳǹǿС磬еĳǹǴһ磬ͳ˹еĳǹ¡
Ҳٶȼ죬㲻ӭȥӰڰжԴȻԶվնš
ʱǰ˴ĵطűһǿҵĲΧһС˳ǹڲҲЩ͡
ոմʱ򣬺˼ƣеĳǹӵ͡ˣǹϣѳǹ̳ĽǶҿ˼֣ûб˵
ȻһûЧ˶ܵǿķֱ֮еľʹ
Ԫڣ˶Ƭ̡ѾԼ޸ˣ͵ұҲǻָԭ
һֱƣȻ˵ƤˣȴԵòԾݵͽǳ֮תǳ𲻶
Ƹ߾٣ٵķŴǳҲű󣬱ޱȵʵǱ˸ȡ˹һһǰѹ˹ȥǳ֮ϣ֮ϣֻ졣
ҲƸӵǿ˫бױȵɹ⡣ڿٵķŴķء
أҶʩչֻ˵ʮֵǿҶû򵽾裬ֻ˵ˡչֳ޵ġ
óͲһˡؼһܿٵصľڱţڿٵĳɳٵıǿ
λİθߡǳ䣬Ȼֻõģ˼£ͻữΪʵ
ѹķҲڿٵİθߡһҪѹٿһСһҪߣһе赲պˮһ㣬ȫġ
ˣֻп˭Ϊǿ˭̣˭ܻܶԷ
ڿٵѹ䣬նҪˡڿٵİθߣ֮ơǶˡ
ѹǳ档޾壬лһɹ⣬һСǳ飬ϣظµİǳٵļȡɳɱ䡣
ѹ䲻£Ųֲ߽¡еǳѵٶȸӵĿˣΪΧǳԽԽ
Ȼ˵ʩչҪԪľǸҶʵģرԴĸҲҶ˲֪Ҷʻ޷ĿԪȴǿԵġʱ޿̵ĶȡԪΪԽǿƣյҲԽ졣
ƿʼ˾ҵĲȻҪѹƲסˡͻȻǳ۵һ𣬷һһֲɹ⣬ƳһֲĴ󶴡նѪꡣ
Ʊ߽⣬Ҳֵסˡٵİθߣһصľˡ
˵ػЩǿ滹ԶԶûдﵽߵľ硣Ҳޱȵĺˣǿͷλˡ
Χǳӵˣһһſŵ̫ÿһɢһֲ̫֮
صǧٿ׵ģܲǰ͸Ĵ
һУٵջơѪ죬Ǹո˲ıֲĸ¸ˣֻ˴̱ǵѪζڿƮ
ɫ˲԰ޱȣϵĿѪ³Ķһȼŵ档ѪҺʺоͱɳ˱ǻ˳űǿ׳
˲ͱԼѪȾˣǵĶһ㣬ɲޱȡ


369 ѣ
ûд֣˫ǲݵľ档ֲǵ㵽ֹ̽һ˵˭ףֻҪһǿƣǻֵġǿͺԥĳˡ˺ռϷ磬Ҳһѡ
Χǳתһ˴˵ϢϵΪһ塣ֲĹ𣬵Ǻ˵Ĳȷһ˳
˸оתܡһֱһڷ档СԶʴո¶ҪĨɱͷͱˣҲ룬תˡ
ʲôӣҪܵвʱʲôܹµġϾûʲôá
˴ҵĹզģֶܵȷһģҲǺ޶ȴܰȵĻڵı֤ɡ
ΣǻޱȣʵвϵĴ󣬸Բ׽˵׼ȷλáյľʧˣҲҲˡ
Ҳν˾ˡܴܵһΣȻҲܹܵڶεġȻվҲûΪҶʱЩˬ˲úˬˡ
ת˷εס˲ԶȻϡػȴӲ
һѾõɻˣ˺˲񷣬˺գֱȥ
ȻǹĶԷǵɹҲԶҶҲоʶҪһ㣬ޱȣѼӿԪתžúһЩ
û뵽ԷҲԼⷽһˣͺ޹˼ɡôҲûϵ濴ôֱһˣھʱ򣬺˼ɵĶһ󱲳֡
ҪҶԩ޳𣬾֪Ҷʵ޵УҲǻԥģܿ²ֵġ
Ǿͻ׵ǿȥս۸ҶʣôΪġĻ̵ͳԹеģҲΪǵǿǵױȵŽһ𣬲Ż˶ɵȥǵġ
ҲˡڸϵǸʱɱڵ̫ƽʢӵĻңӵ档УȻǸӵŽᡣ
ȻԷȲسˣҲûʲôˡһҶܽҵļһ֮ءŪһЩıԸҶʣҶҪԽȥô졣εľĲ֣Ҳ׼Ҷʻİɡ
Щ鶼̼е񾭡ŭˣҪ˹֣Ҫҡоز۵ˡ
޿ɱܣҲûа취ܡ屻ѹסˣԶ
ſ³һɫѪǽΧļϡ
ݵĳ׼ˡ˲䱬ޱȿµķ֮۳һƣ¶ϵӭǴӸ߿ɹ⡣
֮ɹҵľšʵǿᣬǱӡģȻѪݵĽ⿪˷ӡܵķɱ⣬ûа취Կġ
ɱڿٵİɹȵĽڽڰˡ
ܵѹҲԽԽѿ˶ദɫѪҺ˳ֱ۵˵ϡ
һһεĽڵϣڣдһȦȦڣ˸ǿҵĹâһ˿ɫ
д죬˷ŭޱȵľּС
еЩһڻӦҲڱ𾴡
ѿһ޴ƿնϢˣѿһСÿһƬƬСҫ˽ɫʸУûɱз֮ȡ
֮ǰҶʼ˿ģβУֻаҪڷɵľ
ʱڷˣ˹Ȼ˽ʸУֲǽɡһǿޱȵӲǱɱˡ
ƿն϶ǸӦˣ
޿ڿϣд̶ĽĦһâһ챻ض˵
ɹһ˲ضˡŲ֪ٿΧǳܵ˷֮ѿԪɢ˿С
⻹ûꡣµâͬʱһβ˺գβصĳϡ
һպóѿһеƲǸǵãʵ黯ϵ֡
ʩչ˷ص棬һֲ˿ڡƬѪ꣬ٲһ
ѪҺģڵĲַ֮ڵԨ


370 㣡
ϢǿģЩȶڵĵâڶԿ
ǿĸ߿УɫҰסɱ̫ǿˣܹġǱ壬壬ڸӴŰ
ЩŤѪƬ̵ʱȾ½
ϡϡһĵѪģٴα˺һĿӣⶼⷭ˳ɲҶġ
һѩĵâڱȳһɫٲһ㣬б¡
˲٣ҪڣĶˣȳĵâͽһ޲ĹеѵõùˣһΪڲoնɱˡ
ƿգԼֽԼĵâĵâٴ˿Уûи޹С
ĲСҲ֧ŲסˣڿٵСߡȾ½ƤⷭǻҰܵɫ˵ǰһеʵԡ
ʱΧղϵƿм˴˳Χ棬Ҫʱشɱ
ŭû뵽Ȼ͵ŵ׼ûٵġȻܵش滹ޱȵǿơƣǿתԪ뼸˶Ժһơ
䡱һ죬˵Ĺʵʵϣ˼ݵȭӡȻҲˣ˫ȭѵжֻ֣ƽ̯ȥûȡʲôЧ
Ӧ׳һƲһ㣬ڱǼ仹Ҫ䶼˴ŴŵѪҪ˭֪ĵ˸Ҫ֣һ˿ȫһҪڰɱļơ
ǸҡҶʴŭһ𣬰ŵ١
ҽŵأҵҡΣҶһһķ˹ȥ˫֣һӵС
Ҷ鼱֮Լ˳ļ˲ûиҶʵĶͣԭء˼˵ߣûԪĹ䡣һֱŵ׵Ҷʸоһûҡһ£ûпסԼĵ¡
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Ҷʿ϶Ǳ˸ΧסģҪҶֱɱЩʵˡԲŰͰģһͼƻõļƻж
ʱҶʾȻԶǰˣвĵڵҶû˹˵ıڼ˵ɱҶʣɱһֻһļ򵥵ġ
˹ϵĳ֡ʧʧûˡֵʱǶǴЦݵġ
Ǹңͬһ仰Բ֮ͬڣ۳һ䣬ǰҶʺģǸոշӦ˵Ĺ˺ġҶʵŭȸӰƣҲӵз
Ǻ̧־һƬǹ⣬Ҷ뼸˶ָˡȻҶ棬Ѹٵĵеĺ־ڱصõһ˿մ
ӰǰҶĹҲ̵ĳҶʵǰź˵ѹȣ˶ţҶʻ
ߵƲϵŶԷѹȹȥ粻ϡΪй˿ȥе绡Ҵܡ
㣬ȻȻȿڣ㵽һˡ̬ơ
˴ŭ䡣ûбôûСȻǵˣôֱ˺˶Էˡ
ֱӳ֣ѹ˹棬ȻͷߡܣҪѹһ˵Ծ
Ͼ֣Ҷй˼²ߵͬ飬Ҳ¶ԷͻȻ֣ҪĹͷ͵Ϯ
޾壬ֱ̧˺˵ĹһԾ׷˺ˡ˶ûʲôϻֱӾʹս
㣬ǱȻȻǺѧҲʣµĺеһûöԷȳֹǺ˵ͬʱѾһǳɹ⣬˶Է
ǺӹҲתһ򣬾ĵȴԼĶֵĵ
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ʣµҲ󡣲ҶߵѡԷԷҲҪһ˼ҲȿѡԼĶ֡
ҵ뷨һ£˵һļϡ
ܿľͿˣֻҶʷ棬Զųһ亹ڸնšһƵĺ˲֪ӦûʲôΣˣȾѾˣܷӳʵӦ޵ġ


371 
һʱڣкϡ˶ʵ˾񲣬ͲġҲû˸Ҳ˽ֻһ³ݲ㲻ƴġ
ҲҺڣ繻̣Ȼûб򴩣նڲϵ֮⣬ڣϿ˵ûһ˿Ķҡġ
һƬǺӴ嫶ɲ⣬ѹ˲ٵÿһǳʱһɹ⣬ֱֶȥ
һƬѩĽϣӴ䡣пڵǺӣֱǳƵǺӶȥ
߿˵â˫Ǿһ亹
޴ĳϫնŽĵ嫵ڲڷڣڲϵ𣬵ȵ۷ڴһ
ڲϵߣնȵ¶ȸյŤһھҵȼաǻŵĳϫе

Ҷʼղĸšûڶǿߵ֧֣ҶѾǵ䵽۷ΪˡҶʺܿӦϾֻסԼŸоޱȵʵҶʲܺܺõĿסԼԪڶ嶼ܲЭ
ĶڣֲǵרƷһԹ˵ġʱҶϢŴûЩӰ˵ԪϢ
Թ֪ٴ˻ڣȻӦҶǴ˻ϢʼҶʣڲÿһռ䶼͸¶һ˿Ҷѹ˹
ҶҲʡ͵ĵơ̼ܵڵԪеתԪӿǴڹ
г˲õĽϼһŽɫھҵȼաҶʵƴﵽ۷壬ڣеѹϢ
Ҷʵ˫ŭȼգҪѹĽϼˡҶʸоױȵķŭûô߹
Դ֪Լ˻֮塣ôôǿôôĿɶԼĲСҶʻÿЦʲôԹôĺءǣֵͬ
˶ûм棬ôܾСֱЦ
ǺҶʵ뷨һ㡣ֵʱԼͻĪķ겻ˬҲȫͬ
ҶҲûΪһǲݵľ档ԼĵԼĹ۵㲻ͬľͶȥˣѵԼĴУҪԼȥһһĲôܻϲٵ˵ġ
ʵ֤ҶٴεĴˡһȺ˸ǶħɱΪ֣ܱ˵ǵһεĶˡ
ҲǵһνӴҶʾЩǴľǷŭǵҪɱѰˡ
һֲһˡԴһ֣˵ͶҶչ쳣ġھȻǹƽĶԾб˵ġҶʸӵŭˣŭвűĶѾΪˡ
ʣչ˺档ҶСİֱе潻ʣվ
Сĵ㣬˻岢޵ʵʡ͵ĵơ죬ҪȰҶʲҪ嶯ǿҶƽ£ǿҪ緢ŭѾ˵Ļͱζˡ
Ҷʻĵ˵ͷʾֵ֪״ûбŭɱ˫ۡ
Ҷʻȥ첻ÿһͬľ롣ûһеԪͷһ֣ͷĽɫҲʹ׳һ֡
ҶʱѾ׵ľ롣ʱҶѾˣֻһŷڵĽھҵȼաͷһִĽɫڣɽķΧ˸ߵĲ񷡣
ɽ㶼ǵסɫɫָ룬һ׳ĽɫԴ
ܡҶʴȣһһٵĺ𵽡һ
ҵСһЩȻֱӱҶʺˡϵĹ⻪Ѹٵʧһأ˵ϡ
ߣƾ㣡޾壬һһֱУĵȴҶʵƣʼնû˵ûг
һֶ޵еأһԸκˣʱʤ忪ǲܡ
ڻڣУռ˵ơ
ʱ˺͡ɽΧУʱ㲻ϡǿеģϾھڣС˺ҪǴҴЩĻҲС
Ҷһӵңûеġ
ɲΪ»򲻹ҶʡԾûгȻѾԼռˣҲĵĴһ㡣ɶơ
ȻҪҶʡҪ϶ҪҶʡģҶôģͲ֪ˣҲ֪ȥ֪ȥ˽⡣


372 
ƾң۷㹻ն㡣Ҷǻķŭ㹻šϸҶʳڻûͬһܹ
صǴξǱŵģҲûаܡ˴ξش󷴻شǺ˵谭Ѿɱˡ
һ·ĴҶҲһ·ʤǶδսĳҶʿҪ޵еˡʱ޵У˵ľҪüȽףս뵱Ķ֣ҲᱻҶʸѹġ
ʱ͸оҶʵƺر𣬾ȻѹȸдӾϴоǲͷθܵĸо
ǾսɣҲһȣڣÿһһƺƵĹҶʡ
ҶʲɽûκεĶĽ濴ƮƮģûһ˿ʸУǴʱȴ̵ʯ
һȵ䣬׼ҶʡĶգΧҶΧÿһռ䡣
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ҶǹճһĨЦǱסˣûп
ҶʸûκεĶԭز䡣
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ǾĿһɢĽ棬ȻеĹҶһëû˵Ҫ˵ˡȥֱӵˡ
ˣҶ̫ˡʱҶƾȻڲϵʱʱ͵Ĳȶ͵ʱ򶼱һ뵱ĸ߶ȡ
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ͷ߰ϰ̧Ȼ͵Ĵ϶µײҶʡ
ͷɱ죬Ÿֵ黯ζһԷ
ҶףֲļѱһͷסԼĥԼȻ⼸ֲһľɱ
ҶԭתԽԽ죬ǲĽùŵҶʻһɫݣм׶һǳϵġ
ײĲûͣЪ֪һ۵һ
ҶʸӵסˣͲеǾתŵݸжˡ
βھҵĲбҶʸ˵ơ
֣ű˵Ҷʵķָ£Ľաǳָڲкһɾһ
ҶҲǸо˿ռѹȣԵЩٶۡҶǵЦӵŨˣ˫ȷ͵ĵĳǴŵľ޿֮С
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ϡϣܷ컹ҪΪ˺ѿռǲڻµġ
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ҶʻͻȻ٣ǿӲͻȻֹͣҲֻҶǿôһ˵ĻԼȰԼˡ
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תǿƥתٺһȭȭ˱ܿࡣ


373 ޳ܣ
ҶʴҶȻûа취ƣҶдӲǱҶҵƫԭĹ켣ת˷򣬳Զ
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ҶʻԼĹתìͷԼԵ÷ǳƽһͻҶʸϵľɵߣ߻ĳš
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ҶҲǾҶʿ˵Ǽ¡ǵһҶøܵϢǵһܹҶŵҶʱΣѵж֪˶ٴΡ
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Ҷǹζȭȵεϻģͷϵĺ졣
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ԭǰȭͷѹ˼֡׼ݣʺһѹֵЩ仯Ҷա
Ȼûˣȴûа취⣬˺˴룬õġ
Ƭ̵赲Ѿ㹻ʱˣҶʵѾдбˡ΢΢ĲҶ֪һȭȥҲûʲôʵԵЧˡ
ѾƽˣҶУȴûа취Ծұۼѹյȭͷ΢΢ɿֳצ׼ȷסѩĵ
ȫѵӴϴαٻıȫһˡȻ̳ķ񣬵ǲʵ壬һĴڣ˵ͬ׵ҶҲġ
ǴʱǱ壬ûбҲǷޱȡĲʾ졣ҶʻûĵܽӴ͸оǿҵи֮ƶҪһ㡣
һжǸоҶҲûб˵ЩӲ̼֮Щˡ
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374 ȫҶå
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ԼùԼãԼˣЩòˬˣЩˡ֮顣
ܻӣҶҪЦȻ˵һˡ
Уܱķ֣ҪҶʱƴƤϵĹĻԼͲҶʵĶ֡ˣΡ
ֻñտڲ˵ˣֻ˵¶٣ҶץסĻҲ١
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ҶҲִ̧һƬǹ⣬Сεâײһ໥з˴ը˺˸һռ䡣
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ҶҲֻۣľ޴ĽɫơһѵǰÿһֻһѣҵĻš
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ҶʶעԪ˵ԪñҶʲٿŵıڱһնϵġ
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ȻҲǷԭͻȻת˷ѹ
Ҷʶ˹ԣҲǹʹȻ֮Ͽġǿĳֺ󣬾һ亹Ͻѹࡣ
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顱һ죬ҶʱˡҺùؼʱѿŵˣȻһеҶܵˡ
Ҷץ汳һȫնϡҶҲú˳ȥĽ涼ɢˣϨҶͷĽɫҲ𲻶˺һᡣ
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һץ»Ŀӣһҵ˰죬ҶʶûҵԼҪҵĶ
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ʹ졣Ӧǰå⵶ôûôءҪһ㣬Ǿˡǰһ̻ʹԼһǺܿľͷҶʵ쳣
ʶͬ˵ܿͷҶʵľȣİֱˡǻЩź˵Ҫ¼֣ʲôĽء
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ҶüΣ٣ܵľȭҡȭͷһ룬͸о쬵ġ
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ҶȻװŲӣĽ΢΢Ķ˶֡ȭͷЩ죬ոһȭûд壬ϡ
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ߣҶ˵ƿԣҲʲôģֻһ
ҶҲ⣬ˣԵһĹȶûˡҶʶôˣҪôֱӿͷϵĻػԷҪôֱȭͷжԷôߣֲ⣬˱ԼʱĵļȵĲƽ
Ҷٴ˹ȥ
Ҳ룬һһĽǶҶʡ
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ҶʶѾעˣ㲻ôҾʹ


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Ҷޱȣߵһʮĵ·ʱ潻棬һȭ׼ȷĵࡣ
ַɳҺҲ˫Ҷ޴ǳܵסġ
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ҪЩҶʣȻЩ׵ġҶƵģҲΨеˡ
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379 Ҹʹ죡
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380 ɱ
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һڵĻ𣬰һȺ˶档˵Ĺ棬ܾҵҡβǾǲơ˴󲿷ֵĹڵĻжһЩİ߲ɫ
˶üû뵽˵鷳ͬʱתԪҪٴδһ
ǵ׷׵ѿһ޴ĿӶײ˳
һµʿŸͷӵص˳ÿһ˶ףֻɺ͵沿Ŀ׶͸¶˳µһס塣һһʿǹ
ҶʾЩϤϴսڤʿȺ󡣵ǴʱֵĲװ˵һγǿ˲١߻һ˿ͬĵطǾǶǻˡ
һΣһγֵġϵʿǸߴƥûһ˿а
Ҷľǣһγֵÿһ׵ΪҲ֪Ƕ٣ΪнӶ˵ض˵ϡ
ҲǾޱȵļ֣׼õĹıĿı˷򣬶Щϡ
˳Ծ鷢ˡе뻮һһϵʿǹǹ߾٣ңָҶһˡÿһʿеĳǹһŨڹ⣬۵һһںڵĻܣһƬڵҹգʿȺϷ
Ȼ˵ԶԶĲ˵ġǴʱںϣ仯ս˱ϵת䡣˴ĹãֱӱȺɢյˡ
˲аˣӴԪһͬ˸ӵĿµһɫԪŤһ𣬳ֳ߲ʵ״ǰȥ
Ȼ˵ӵĿ£Чȷһġʮ۵ͬǱɢˣǲĺɫܸ̯ÿһʿϡ
һһʿͱֺˡǴʱһȺһͬÿһ˾Եޱȵˣûܵκε˺
Уصʿûоͷһ޾ġ
û˿İ취֪пµ鷢Ǹûа취ֹݺǿЦģ˶ȫʵϵĲ㣬ǰ˶ǲŵġ
Ǵʱһ£ù˶еĴܸС
ҲЩѾ˵ʿİɡȫΪ˵ϢȫͬԴһˡ
һȺ뵽ڽʽʱǾԻҪжϵġǰϵ˵ģ׼Ѵʱ޷춯Լ˶úõı
ҶһȺȻżûʲô취ˡ˵ķǴƵġ˷ĿԡûиʿȺ´һȺʿְ˵ǰ
ʽڼ˳ĽСһɢǲĵϣڣŵġ
⻹û꣬ƿʼӣԽԽӣһСƬУʮϰٸķš
ʽĲӵĿˣһصŻ򿪣Ҷĸоڤӵ˽ʿϣʿȺʵš
⻹ǴֱʡҲ֪ǲ˶ˡҪ˵ս֮ŲõģҶʶôšֲǶŬĽһֱŽġ
һսǼҶʾǸоıϢһε࣬Ҳƻһ֡ɺų˲ֵѹ˶˹
ֱ̫ˡı˶꣬ȵоԵİ˵ʱ֣һ򾡡


383 綴
ڤӱһֽɫˮʬ졣ĽĽӴڤӵϿƵƣǲһġ
һڤˮҪĳǳɢ¶ǻ˲ǳصʬɷϢ죬ǳػ˲ıǡ
ʲôİ취ȻôаĶ˹
Ҷһ˷ɿĵˣմȾһǰĺˮô˵аڤˮ֪᲻ûֱӱʴġ
Ҷʵ˵ĶҩǶЩȴǴ֮ÿһڿٵڤˮϵڹԽԽأ˫ĺҲԽԽ財
ڤˮֻΧûҶʵ˶һ黹̫Ȼ֣Ҷʼ˶Ҫƴˡ
һ˳ڤˮѿŻе˳ɱԹҶʵ˶Ǹо巢䣬Ҫˡ
Ƕվһһµ䣬嶼Ҫûи״ˡӦǸΣڤбʴ˶һǿߵʬ塣
ĺһȥôôǿԹţԹҪεĹˡ
󡱡󡱻ŽӶĸõʬڤеһǿޱȣÿһǺǵġڤӸʴ˶꣬ûȫʴ˵ʬǰǿ
Ҷʼ˶һۣоԽԽ鷳ˡڤӶȵĽˣҪʲôʣĴֱʡ
𣡡һʲôŻдĦʲôŻһֱӱˡڤˮǲиõʬ
ʱڤгֵһʲôĽŻͬ顣һͷǿĹһǰȿֺҪȥĸʬһ𣬿ٵĳڤа
۾˫βסϲΪڤŪˮǲˡȻô˳Ū˴ڤˮŪ˼Թǿĸʬ
ӡеѸٵ˸ʬϣһһصķţ鲼˸ʬ塣
УʬϵҡΣ´ĸõѪ⡣ʬɷϢ죬Ҷʼ˵ĻԪѹ˻ȥ
ǿ̻ˣһƤһʬСøʬǿֲԹʬɷϢҲ
ʿȺҲ˱ȡڤˮһںڵУմȾЩɫĹâӵаɲˡ
ǳɹǰˡǵѣһͬ𾪵ĽɡһĴЦ
ǵҪʲô׼ô鷳²ΪɱǰɡҶЩ̽ʵ
İɣܿǾͻ֪𰸵ġǣԲʧˡңǱ֤ǲ˾ԵİܹҶʵġ
ɽŸҿһȣնڶҡ
һȣڣǿδеơһ̣Ǵɵ壬ȫļڣһܹ׵ĸµġ
ܲϵµƿʼתڣṩһµֱ֮ɽϿյһ˲ͱɢˣȻûƬ̵ĵֵ
ĹûǳһʲôŻ͸¶һֲһϢһ߲ʵĹųľͷŻأԵʮֵĲ
һȺʿ̤֮⣬̤ݶϡһǰĳصŻ
ûһͣɵģȫײ߲ʵŻϡ˲ʿ˿ںмƵĹâ߲ʵĹâĥࡣܿŻĺ棬һغƴ硣
ȻҲҺ⼸߸ʬ˳Ȼһ񡣡Цţг˷
ڿ£߸ʬٵڿնҲеصŻײ˹ȥУĽ⿪˶ڸʬĿѹơǲʿܱƵأױȵԹϯʮء
䡱޴ıըض˲ʧˡǸʬ̺ȫ˳ײԽԽ谭ԽԽϡŻ
࣡һ죬ҵĲ߲ʹâǱޱߵԹ忪ˡ
صŻȫ˳ŵĶйӵ֣һ㶼㣬ɱݡ


384 αɽ磡
ôΪ˴ɽ硣Ҷʾúǲ˼飬ѵŪôҶʲ뵽
ǹ˿ɲǺҶһģһ㶼ɽһһƬ͵硣ɽ磬Ҳ֪֮٣˵˽⵽һЩƤë
ֻƬ￴ɽһ㶼򵥵ġΣ˼˵һѡ
ʵںܾǰɽ˼ͨЩͨŵġ˼ǿߣֻҪ۷˵׾ܹѡɽġȥףˣʵԽǿԽ½ġ
ɽ绹žǿߣܹٳͨ˼ͨ˳Ľٵ˼ġ
ҪΪɽ½ˣǸ˴Ҹġ෴ȺһȺѪͨĵǿֲΪġѪ⣬Ҫͳ˼磬˼ߣϵľ
ٵǿ߶ѡ˽˼磬һͽһǹԼͳΡɱľ
Щٶȵ켶ΪиߵġһȺΪԼ˼˼ɵĴ֣Ǻü˵ˡ˵ֻǿŪϣûһ˿Ĳ
˼ģûѡɽľǿ߿ȥˡֿǰЩնɱ˲٣ʣµҲǱɽС
Щǿ߻ǲģֵİͨͨˡ˼干棬ϢĻᡣ
˿ࡣǰս˿ڹǧǣûһǧҲа˰ٵġ˿ǧֹ
ЩǹЩĸԶϹŶֻƬ˽⵽ģһЩżϵĵμزƤë˽⡣Ҷģʿȫûĸˡ
Ȼ˵ɽ磬Ǹ˵һ˵˵ˡֻһ磬׼ȷ˵Ӧαɽ硣
˵ɫʮֵĲÿ鷢չԽԽˡѾȫǵΧˣû뵽Ȼôһ֡
ЩЩţ˵½ĴңЩϵ֮ǰҶôţϾҪͳģûпܻñһǴڿȻ˺ɽ谭϶뵱ĴѲ˸ϵġ
ϲ˰ɡΣһаЦҶʼ˵ĿԵЩ⡣
Ļ䣬ĹĶҡεضǸصŻȥ
˵ɫˣԭԷע⣬ҪȫαСǵʵܴܲ˼ĳ涴ͨ˵ǾһĽȥˣʲôȥԿˡ
ʱԵҲ˹ˣɼŻɫҲʮֵѿͬģҲûκεİ취ġ
ʱѾѸٵڣķΧٵɽƳɽȥһȺ˶ûж˽׼Ҫˣл뿪
Ҫ˶˳뿪ˡôõĲûʲôأǰ׷ô
˶ֵΣԷΪ֪ˡǺ˺ڣһǿռ䣬ѸٵİҶʸ˳ȥʽƻޱȣ˵ʱѾҶʵߡʱʽҶʣҶһܳڣķΧ
ҶʣΪ֮Ϊǵģ֣Ӧܹġʱ취ܻܲҶʵĶУҶʵ۾˲ͺˡ
˵ı飬ҶҲǲ²⵽ˣ²ʲôõĵطɽ²Լеôá
ڣԽԽߣԽԽ죬ѸٵУŶŴࡣһ̣һڣпٵ룬̧ץС
ҶзôֱʡڣǰԼ׷ߣ߶˽ȥΪľǲЩһ˿ܵĻᡣ
Ĺ󣬾Ͳˡȹʱ䣬һȥġǣȷʵĲСҶ鿳һȻһаЦݣתʧˡ
ƲȫƽռĲһҶҪ׷ϡҶºȻÿµĻÿµԭһֱڲ׾ΪľǴҶеĹǣҶһ˸׽Ȧס
Ҫǰ֪ʵףͷҲʮִĻһȺ˻ľͲô󷽷ľͽˡ


385 ʿ
ҶԥҪҪ׷ȥʱеһҶʵע˲׿ˣĲ˼ɫ
ҶսһȴɽĴд˾档ǿǰеٶ̫죬Ҷʺ벿ûͿԶȥʧˡ
ҶҲޱȵĳԾ˵Լĸȥʲôرĵطôôȥ磬ҶȫͷˮӵʺţͲ֪׷Щʲô顣
ҶƴԽԽŻȥҪһ̽Լĸ׵ڲǸʲôɽУ׹ô
Ҷٶȿ죬ٶȸ죬һ޴ӰҶʵǰҶʲòͣ
ڤеʿ֪ʳ𣬵Ҷʵǰһ̵ʿɢӣɢս⡣ֲѹ綼Ϊ֮ҡ
˻ȥⲻܹ̽ģʿڣӰƽȴϣҶʲò־¡
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Ҷʾһ亹ҪǸղûʿֹԼѾ˰ɡôµĵ绡ֻҪһҶʳ׵Ĵˡ
ǲܳ׵Ĵ򿪡Ǹûа취ܹȥ嶯Ľ׿ɲܳܵסġһŭǴ򿪵д˳ޱȵϣشǴʱǲ
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ҲãĿǰҲֻ취Ӧˡ֮ǰǸִ˳ƽ˲٣ûôܻˡ
صŻǿĲʼӣ͸ЩѾøԶҶܲˡҺʿʱɢһƵԣеĲˡҶºȻ⵽ôĴڣһϣͨһյŻ¶һƵĲѾԼܲ˵ġ
Ϊ翪˼һϵ
Ϊ翪˼
Ϊ翪˼

ߺһԳһױȵ
ͨ촫дȺУڿٵķС
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˴صŻ˳°ۣһһԴɫĳ򡣵ȻҲһϮº۵ģͬһԺɫĳˡ
ҶʾϤ׳밬ױ仯ĺǣϢ͡ڳľħɽ˸׼ٻʶ˸ϢҶʿ˳ԡ
ô˶˼һֱϵֻǺǲףûôֱӵĽٰˡ
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صŻǲϵĲЦдſµɱһС
ʿûжµľ޴Ĺһ˹ɱײУضɲǼʧ
Ҫ˺ҡǰԼ̫ˣǰҿ̫ˡһ£ҴͨʿƽκεĲ
һѳ鴤һʺɫĳǹʹ޾ǿߵѪɱ졣޻ڵǹǰ̣˵ҪصŻ顣
һĹƽͨýƽӹСǹǰһû˿Ĳֱƽȵĺ˰ˡ


386 ȾѪգ
ɶ񣡡һŭһߴͬʱһֱ޴Ƹ͸صŻ˹
ֱϻŴִĵ绡вС˿ڡصǿˣǻûȶĳ涴ΪԽԽصǿҲûӴܹų⡣
Ȼˣһǿޱȡǳ۾һ㣬׼ȷǹ࣬ڱصõһǹ˿ȥ
赲ɹ֮ǿֱѸٵ˻ȥȻҪܲСѹҪСĴۡܳʱ˼Ի
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ҶʰЩ˱ɡʲôһ߸ϵ̬񲻹ʲôӦһҶʺǲϲˡ
ǰҪӦҶʰǰʿԡ
ʿҶʵĺøвСһĽ֮󣬶ԷֱӾͷˡ˴θǳ赲Ҷʵȥ·ҶһҿȥҪСĴۣҶԷ϶ֹһˣʿȥ϶ǻԿġ
޷ұѾˡֻҪһĴսκһһûж֣ŹӲд˲ӻڡ˼ȥףֻҪ׾ƽӡҪתͳͨΪˡҶʵĻ䡣ʿĻֱҶʵԺ𣬰οҶʡ
ҶʸеһıΡһûжֻ֣Ҫʹһսڤг˯˲ĻڡʱҪһĴսΪ˱˼粻ܵƻ
Ժ󣬴˴βʤܶˣԸˣҲ޺ˡ˼绹Щǿߣؼʱǻֵģ㲻̫ġЩ߶ǿǸĿɣԸˡҪȥ磬׼ֻ̡ҪСģԱġʱʿٴεĶҶʡ
ҲƵս£ȼҲܵѪɱ죬ʿȣԦŹһǰĳصŻµĹܵʿӰ죬һĸ߰
ʿŽµĹȼµٵķɭɭİ׹ϳѪ⣬»صѪʢ۷ʱڡ
ʿϵսҲȥ⼣ɢһƵĿֲĲսµҲӯս׸ŵø߸ߵĹ
Ҷ֪ʿô˵ʤˡʿȼԼıľĻص۷ʱڣҪǿһսȱȼʱҲʿʱ
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ҶûֹҲֹˣĿʿԶȥ㱼䣬һ绢ѹΰԶȥˡ
ȻʿûĶЩ͵ȵ˳֡κ˵̫ˣһͷŻʿײ״˲ٵˡ
дƬĲƵʬ˳еعݣеֱӳ룬ֲ֫ϱ۵衣
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ҶɱýˡȥͲãûѵɱ⣬ҪȰԼˡ
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Զÿһȭһ˱УγһѪǳÿһɹ⣬ܶ˵͸¶ͷŭѪ˿Ө׵Խ䡣
һƬѪ硣ҶʶɱľˣûŪһˣﻹЩġڶǻеԵĳ֣еԵĽеˡ
ܿһƬѪ磬Ѫζ˱Ƕ
Ҷɱ۾ĶһŨĽѪ


387 ʿ䣡
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Ȼ֪ˣʿһʼҲѾˡķʱҶʻǾܡ
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Ҷͷڷ˼ƤִвҶʵķڲ㲻ôֻ·һ
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Ľ׵ĹâתɢһƿֲĽʼյһɣκεĺµɫ
Ȼ˵ҶʻʮֵСǲǹһֱûп˵ĺڰҲǶɱ˻ҲвСԨԴǰûٴ򽻵ģ˲ٵĿͷ


388 
ҶʻԶԶûгɴ򣬴ʱ׵Ҷڹڰ죬ϾȻ˵˴Ȼ˵˿ڵƻ̶ȿԺԲơ
Ҷʵʵڵ˵ǣǲҶʵĴڡѾôĲˣҪǳɳǻ˵ãȻǲܰҶץпסôֻаҶʸˡ
ԽԽ˰Ȼᱻ׵ʿ˵ҪҪҳְæڰһļץԵǲġ
ߣʼϣһʱĴ㲻ʲôͼݺڰ㡣һȻǲô˵ġҪ˳źڰĻȥǲǳԼ㲻ҶʣԼȺڰô
ҪǱڰ˳ȥԼͽԼǻô롣»д붼ıתͶڰĻаɡ
ϵͱ޸ˣҶʴĲеģҪҶʵѪϴˢ
Ƹ߸ߵľԣҶʰؼ䶼ӳɫһƬϾİס
Ҷ岻סĲڵԪѪھҵıӿȴ޷ĵĿ־塣һƬ޴ĳصҶʸܵޱߵĿ־壬һ̲ŷԼǶôСϢ
ҶȻûбס˫ȶǹǦһĳأǾ޴ѹҶҲЩԲеֵܡ
ҶʾˣѾѵʱˡǰֻ·һˣֲѹ嶼᲻ˡ
һͻأȻ˹ĳơ
Ҷһ˵ϣڵĴŴȻողûܵҶƴҲǼľڵԪʱܵ޾ƣ
ʲôˣȻһǵĴ£ڰͬʱһ𿪿ڴȵһϵƣ˱ĺСеǿߣԵһվһ̨ϵǿߣò
ɱǵˡαĹȻְע˼ͷˣδҲ̫ڲ˰ɡеǿٴδʮ㣬ȴƮ˷λڿٵƶ
еǿĹڰǺܲԸģ˫кĳɼһ·ˣҶʷ˲١
еǿԵúǷŭгûκλصɱ̹ǣ굶һйš
Ȼˣαزͷ¶βѵǼ˵Ķ㣬徯䡣ڰҲǳǿӲɱ밵еǿһޣ˫ûҪƽ
кβܼ˵ģȻôļôҾͳȫǣѸٵǹ졣ǿưԵͻȻһߴӰҶʵǰ
ý׿ӣȻ˵ڰǼǧɳûȣ˵һ㶼ҶʵУǰӰһΡĸɽۻ롣
صǿ֪ʲô·ʮֵĹϣȴûи࣬ҫŵĹ
˱ҶʶҶʾͿǿߵˡͷʮֵˡһ𣬳Ũܵīɫķ˿һͷǹǶûˣĿԵ΢˵ϢҲаȫͬϢϴﵽһƽ⡣
ԱΪߣɢ޾崺硣ұɱ棬̹ǡҶʲ֪ǿߵŲŲȫվǿߵ󷽣Щ
ħȻ㡣ȻûҲˣڵǻˣ˵ߣ˵ѾˡɱĶǿߣڱĲ˲ӡڰԵ÷ǳĳԾû뵽ľȻһˡ
Ȼ˫ʶģȻԴħ˵Ϥ
ȻжԴħʱ״̬ͬҲ˱͡ȴʮֵļɵһǿߣ״̬ΪӵɲˡôöԸġ
ħϤӡǶвٵĳɼҲαɼСãֺˡħǳİԵûаѹڰȻҪһ˶
ԼǾͳ׵ĶȫڳҶʵϣڰûгںȻĴһϣ˶һľ裬Ȼдħǿ߲öԸ
ҶкȻħôǿߡȻ˿µͬе˶һһĶԾ


389 һ֣
Ҷţûд޵֪ʶʱидħǿߡǹǺڰǽдħĶҶʽ
ʱħתӣҶʶڰû׵ҶȻΪ͵ϮûõġҶҲûҶΪ֪Ҷʲôĺ
оǣҶʿ˴ħ棬ħǿֲסˡ
һӢӣòǱʵԵĽ⣬ԡҰûѪ⣬մȾѪ˿ĹۿпնģֻһħԵĺ
ҶʱסˣôôˡħĽ塣
ħҶ˹ҶĶᵽɤۡҪƶȴָԶڲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ѿסˡ
˻ʣһҪٵĳɳħ̧ҶʵԴߴ׵Ķޱȵĺг飬ǰǲȥĻ
Դһ˲䣬ҶʸоԼȫëըһɺҶʵıֱԶ
ҶŬ̧ͷħӡִħ񲢲ǿƣǿ˶һ㣬ޱȵ´Խ⣬ħԵĺ⣬һ˿ĸϢипΣŶδ
ҶеļɵҶıܵķӳħЩԳõϣ΢΢ԼһЩġ
ħץҶʵļһҶʲܿƵľͷ˳ȥ屻һº͵סƽȵɽΧİ׹Ƕǰغʧĵط
ôõϷһǿɲСһɡħҶڵķ򺰵ȴˡ
Ҷʻ񣬲֪ħڳ˭ѵлпֲǿ͵ˡǽһɿֲĲɢһţҶʶΪԼ˻þˡ
ɽڲĴħգһ죬Ȼֲˡħû⣬ҶʽµϢҲҲûгֹˡ
ħơȻڲƭǡһ˶ռ˵ӡѵ˼丯֮⣬ϾսҲڰƿڴվȻûиܵǿڸҪǴħһڰ˵ȫûһķ֡
Ҫ˫ؼʱǰŵǿ߳ҵĸκһ£ǶġӰսֵĹؼԵء
ߣǲҪԼ̫ˡԸСһԡħޱȵİ˵ĻҲź㹻ĵ
ڰ񱻼ŭˣͷһȣŶԷ˹ȥ
ħܹ˵ĻȫûбڰȫûаѶԷڶԵȵĵλͲͬԷսǿҶһħͬĿǣϣһǶǹġ
ǵҶЩϵ棬ǿ˵ϡǵĶˣеǳա
ħڿն𣬿ɲԷϴս֪жôصĺؿ϶ǻᱻѱòʺġ
ڰԺ޹˼ɵĳ֣ǴħҪҪƻĻֺαվҪҪƻĻαصȵ죬ħ綼Զˡ
ڿնĴħϣĺڰ֮ħڰ֮ԽԵԽСǸڰ֮ûȡ
ħͻȻ٣˲ʧˡڰ֮ͻȻͣͲǰ
Ǿ޴ڹҫȭͷ˿Уûдˡձˣȭͷϵȫй˽ȥ
ںҺŵϵ䣬ͻȻ꣬īġ
ڰ֮ŵ䣬һǰ͸Ĵ󶴡վһߣ˳Ǵ󶴣Կںڰ֮Ĵħ
˿ڿɲƤⷭаɭɭĹͷҡȵҺǺڰ֮ѪҺɫġаĸϢ
ڰ֮һĨ˿˲ʧˡ͸֮ʹӡԺǴˡ
ǰ˲ĴħƲ𣬿˵ǰٰ䡣תۼ飬ͱԷ˵һ̵Ľѵ
һ˲䣬ڰ֮Щˣܵ˿־塣ҪǲǸǳԼͷǼٵĹԼܹô
ڰ֮ЩˣǸоһͻȻĹԼǵסİɡ
Ÿʲôһϰ֣ҪˣԼһһڽӣڰ֮ŭˣЩܻкŹ֮񣬾Ҫһ֡


390 ħ
ڰ֮ˣһغϣ̽ԵĽ֣ԼͱԷˡʱòں֮ˡ
ȻоǴܺҲܲҪϣǲпʵúڰ֮񲻵òϡԼһ˾ԲħĶ֡ҪΪӣԼӦԣܾܿͻ
ոմħһ˲䣬Ȼܵ˲֪궼ûиܵĿ־Ϣ˵ͻȻ˵ǿңúڰ֮
ʵúڰ֮񿪿ڣ֮ǻֵġǴħĹһֱ¶ڴеһ˲䣬شڰһ̣Ѿ֪ڰ֮ˣܵ˵ĳףͲĿԡ
ӴٵĳԶһɵĿԶĴħǡСС塣
ޱȵĻһֻô󶼼ɵһһֻͬʱֻ
ǴʱҿһĻ˶ЦҲûⷽ룬ҲֻҶ˼ڳ˵ļһŻ뵽ĵɡ
޴α˵ħȷʵǺСССУȴ̺޴ʱԨƺһʱǻɽ緢һ㣬˲ܱɲ
Ȼڰ塣ƽռҲǲԷ˳ۣǴʱΪߣ˼磬˿µĶ֡ǲò˳ɼƵǱֶԵС
һֻƣһ𡣡䡱һ죬ض˲Ҫһ㡣
ڰԴ֮һ໥ųģʱȻ˸ǿеںˡ
˵ƽӴһ𣬸ܵȫڵԪܿƵȫ˳˽ӴһΪģ˫ռһߣľ
ΪͬģڵԪĺҲͬġȫҲѹԷֻһǾǱѣѡᷢ飬˾ͻ׵ıըڵ
˼Ȼô϶뵱ȫ׼ģû˭ҪԽǿʿԽ
˵Ŀ¡׵ĹīĺڰʼŶԷ͸Ťת
ǿֲĲֹͣǻֽһľҲҲȶˡǱ˴ศɣ˴˴ٽתһ޴İڰ׵Բ
Ҷһ㶣ΪɽϿյĽеˡܿķˣɽеϢһȻǲͬġ
ھƲʣ͸Ҵǲ½硣ڰ˴󵨵½磬ȷʵ׼ġ
֮½磬ҲΪܱ˴˴ٽǿսԵʰɡǹǿˣȻˮгûмľ
ԽԽ󣬻תţƯ󣬴ʱͳıˡ
˵Ҫй⣡ͬʱڣͬһƵʡ
˵Ļ䣬УһâɫͬĹâŤţţѡװų˴ħ
װŪħһȣǿʢѹ졣̧־ͺһȭһ˶ȭͷǾŵ֮⡣
䡱һ죬˫Ĺײһһӻصسʱ򣬻Ϣڣһж˻硣
۵ĶһƬ磬ʲôˡ˺þãϢƽֻؾɢˡ
˵ٴ󺰣ϵϢĴĤݵļ֮
תӾˣ㶼˳ںϳһڰ׵ԲԲҵתţųĺڰ׶ɫĹâûκζĴħ˹ȥ
װŪվ²㡣Ƚܿ죬ǵһľ練Ϊ谭Ҿ͸ǣԼ죡ħȻ壬ûаѶֵĹ
˵һ˶оĻڸˣΨпԼվھ񲡣
ħһθӵ˿վԭûκεĶֶû̧һµġ
˫ҫ۵Ĺ⻪һɫԣһɺħԡâǾһ𣬻˻硣
ϢֱȥƲݺݵײ
ûлǣǶһ亹ܿľͱٲǴﵽһ΢ƽ㣬ι쳣ܵ¾ĹǴʱħ䴩ˣȻ߽⡣
˵ħˣһײĴȣֱ˹ȥ


391 ǿưܵУ
ħиߺſںţµֱŲ˳˹ȥ㲻ûȦֱ㶵ĳˣǰӻʵʵжȫǴûа˿Уϡ
ϾߣʲôʲôΣնȻ˵ħıֳǵԤϣжϡ
Ƕսľ黹ڵġ֪ʱҪǲ㲻Ǿֻ·һ
Ȼͼˣǣ֮£Ҳǲܵġ˶ͬʱѹסзӿѪǿԪ
ԪѸٵĽһ֡ħ˹Χ֮ٵĳ˳ħȥ
ҵתţѹڳħͷϵĥħĹһƵĻ罣âħ
ͣǲħ󷢳ħĸȭһ˫ȭͷǳ۾һ㣬ÿһεĻӻ׼ȷĻһ罣â֮ϡýâȭͷϣûиħκε˺
ħԽսԽ£սڲϵȭͷϵľӵĿֲˣ˽â㣬ϡ㶼ҵǿҪˡ
ڰ񶼶һۣ˶Էеľ뺧Ȼη塣
˵ϢԪ໥ںϣ㡣սɲһһڶ㷨սɼαӣ綼һϯ֮صġ
û뵽ԭΪǿƵĽ˼磬ǵһսѾǱԷˣȥѾˡûа취ֻάԪסħ
ħԵǿƵûߣͲܶԸģֶǲеġ
ħһȣ˫ֲĵָߡǿ˳Ƴˢħ졣
岻Ƿ׵壬Ҳʲô޵еı塣ħԼϵĴĽܹ
˫ַͼһƽϵľ޴Ļһ㣬ħĴм˺ˡ
ʧȥƽ˲ˣ˹ڰԪʧС
ڰһûκεĽҵˡħͲܹǵģȻΪһ̨ϡħСҪ߹ǡ
Ҳħ˵ħǿԼҲֻԼĴɱ䣬ġڰֻǴСŷһĹͺڰλȡλ˽Ϊ
˵һ֣ȫûа취ħ࿹⡣
˵𣡡λˣϧķѱԴһƴ
ѿ޴ʹ类ٻ׼ȷ˵ĽʹĴ󽣴ɢſֲϢѴλһһѽףһīڡ
ǰ壬Ѹٵĺһ𡣻һڰ׽֯ĳһһһڵһɫʹؼļϡ
һεĹȻܷǿսлûеףΪһѳܹ赲סħ
˿ٵĳѿֱͨŻΪ˱ģΪҪٵӻУԪħħ
ߣħһȣȻǷ˹ڰͼҪ
ֲӽɫѪ죬ͬʱʹ͵ĳϡʹ⵽ĶʼɣѸٵƣֱӶˡ
ħĹ޵ӣһɣ̬ͺһֻһûʲô
ħ˵ĳѾҪͨеĹڰ񡣻а˶ɱ˼Ĵ㡣
ڰﻹҵֿŵðƴͨгȥ
˼ĺܼ򵥡ֻҪ׵Ϊܹסͨе׽ˡȻΪԽǿ׽ҲԽǿܳܵķΧ֮ڡ
ڰȫĳ˻Ԫһͷ˽ȥڵѸٵİˡ˵ԪǶһ㻤硣
ħ̫ǿˣ嵽ڴͬǳ涴еĽס˫ֱ֣ץ˹ڰ⶯ôôץСѵħľʹӰǿץô
ǿ϶ġħȫ⣬õ˼޵֡ͻȻħһˡͻȻץʲôӣԼˡ
ħռеĶҿУһֻڣһֻɫľ޴ĳħֶˡĸѪģǸոձ˺һ


392 ǿƵ죡
ħүҲ̫˰ɣǻʵᰡʵ̫ˣǿɲͨˣǱҶɱһصĵͽ׵˰
ǶѵħĳǲϢɱˣʿǶҿħүӴӶ˺ġҪҪôͰҪҪ˻˰
ħүӵĴֱʶԱҶͻȻãԼոɱһضѻɽĵͽ׵ˣȫСҼңһεİҶ˲Լֱˡ
ˣҶΪħүҪˡϾ˼Լĵ̣Էûʲô֡һȥˣǾ鷳ˣĶǵˣǻᱻȺŹġ
ҿ½ҲǲףȼȻѾ˥ˣǻͬʿʬĲħүҪǸųȥͻȻֱΧˣǸˡ˲Ϊ㣬¶ǻز˵İɡ
ħүøӺ˵ľٶ˴ңûʲôǾԵģûʲôǲܵġ˼άҲǲ׵ġ
λ͵һͿĿֲ֣ˡҲû룬ֱӸ˽ȥ治֪Ǹ˵񾭴žԵĵԵš
ȻҸһᵽ磬ǾڣһҪÿĴӳ涴˳ȻЩ֡Ǻܿľ侲˵һǵ磬һͷǿڴš˵˲ħɱ
һߣҶʣǻڴɭвҩ켶ʿŴ죬֪˵Щʲôˡ
ħүӺģ
ħү̫ˣֱҵİԺҲҪ
ǰʿħүһ
Уƾǡ

ݵĳĬ֮󣬴ҶǷǸα˵֪٣һƬĿհסȺߣʴʵҪռ˼硣
Ⱥ˼ʿǳĲÿһ鹲еġҶǿ߲ˬħүԵ˼ǿߣôı˭ء
һ̴ҶǳĿġħүӵǿƱ֣ǸܵΪ˼ԺС
㡭㡭ȻЩ硭һֵĴʹࡣʲô飬Ҳܵ˺
ŵ绡ĶڴҶʵ˶ϸĴҪʲô
ȵ绡ɢȥ֮󣬶ʱЦԷǡֻ޴Ѿ绡ڵĳ¶˳ɢ鶼Ѿˡ
ȻѾԭˣǲϢϷֱ棬ӦҲһ񱻳һֻ֮ǰħүӳһĻպһһˡ
Ҳ˵ʱҫģһʮԿĻĳ򡣵أֻʮһˡǸԶµһԣͳԶʹˡ
λǿƵħүӣǿƵ죬ǳִšǿһ˻ʮһ԰ĳǺۣԼĽ̫⡣ŷ񣬷񵽼ңֱӰʣµİֻˡ
ֲ˱˵ĸִܵŵľΪҶʿ͡
涴вϵĴܻ˵ŭʹһֱûаħүӽ˳嶯֮һֱû˵ˣһֱʵʵжӦԷĺҪ
˵ǱһԳôֱҪˡвħүӣеӾٳһԡ
ֱǶħүӵ谡ħүôǿ׷涴˿ͳսĴ㡣ѾһԳˣٰǵڶʲôҵء
أħүˣǸʵڵˡϲ˵ջ˵ϻһ˵ˣûа쵽ǲǾ̫ˡʵ˵Ƥֽ˴ģҪħүӾ˺ˡأʲôûа쵽㱻ħүӸ˺ˡ
ħֱӳȥ־Ҫǡ°˶ŻˣղֻǷݻҪʵˣôܵ˰
ǳǵλͬʵεһԳˣѾԪˡҪٱεһԣ붼ˡΪѹĶ󣬶ʱѹˡ˵λˡ
㻹涯ְ죬Ͻܣڰ֮ٴξֵĴţʼȼվѪˣҪٶȿһЩħүӴһʵ̫Σˡ
֮û˵ĬĬļţĬĬȼžѪһȺ̿ҪڣҪϵϺڰ֮ˡ
Ķʲô°ħүӲûаǵֿ¶ûаǵǻ￴У¾ǳЩС


393 ħߣ
ħ̫˰ɡѵҪɽ磬¶ôһϵǳ涴д˳мκһȻһߵڴеǿ߿ˡ
кιֵġǲҪ˼ôҪվ˳ûл˵ˣڶѾ˰ɡΪ¶ˣҲǶһɱɽ磬¶ˣħүӵĴЦӳ涴д˳η塣
涴һߵǿ߳Ĭˣʵˣ˭֪û취ǿƹˣǷȥں˼뷨
ȫ󣬷ӡͨȶҲ޷ǵͨһеİ취ǲһЩͷȥȻúҲǰμĹڰ½硣
ΪѾ־ڱصõˡû뵽ողŽ˼ô鷳
ֻ˵̫ˣ˫˽Էֻƾܾǰ˫ʵ࣬µƲ⡣û뵽˳Կˡ
˼絥ǿƣֻһˣӵԵɲ⡣ڱռϷ磬ҪһĿ磬Ҳ֮е顣
Ͼͬ飬ֻͲȻȻҲ㵱˵ѹڰɱˣȻԾǿƵ̬硣
սʧˡ˵ҲһĶ⡣˶򲻹һڶ׷ɱϼˣȻսˣжٸ˳ˡ
ϲַǿĳ涴ڴȡ
ԣûϽְԮڰ񣬰߸ϳȥ˴ţͬʱתڵԪ
ȻƽʱҶִڲò³ɼǹغ飬ʲôı鶼ʱ׿˵һС˼磬Ǵ磬ͱҪΪӦе
һͷеǿ߶ͬʱĺ˳涴Сһܿ˹ڰŽħȥ
Ҷʵ˶ͻȻом¶ױȵѹٵĳ˳
ʱѾǧɵĿһֱǧɵĿֲĹ˳ֳ߲֮ɫڶԪĽ壬൱˵ȫһ
ħүҲ׵ܵ˹涴Ĺ£ħ޿ɱܣֱӱˡ
䡱һ죬ײħֱһͷɽеڤС
ɽҵĻζţڤϵڵһʱͶˡڤӱУˮһƬɫĻ
ٵʬ嶼Ʒ˳˳ǳϵĴˡȻѸٵ˻ȥڤӶƵ㱻ضϡ
ȴûһ־ģʬȻǱǿֲĹסˡҪǱֱӼеģһ˲䳹׵ĳ鳾ˣڤˡ
ҶҲǳһǹ̫ĿֲˡڤӶ㱻ضϣ治֪ħүܲܿסħүӣҶ̸̫ĺøУǱϾǼӵľһģҶҲԵû˿ĶС
ѸٵɢˣڤˮʼѹڤˮѸٵˣʼղħүӳ
ѵˣҶͷЩźȴ޿κΡ
ࡱࡱࡱƽڤˮַ˵ˮһ㣬ڲϵķӿţðŴݡ
𣡡һħڤд˳Ȼ࣬ǲħ
仯ûꡣڤһƬĽ⣬ޱȵͣǱɨеʿ崺硣֮ԵĻһƬڹ⣬īһɺĹâرۣ˲
𣡡һϵڤˮըһ߰߱ȾýӲӵģһ뱻ںеӰ˳
ɫĹâоڷɣٻޣʹڵһ͵ɽ硣ɫĹâУħʬڳ׹Ƕѻɽŭţһǵľ
ħүӵƸʢģЯڤˮֱӳ˳涴С
ħͬ壬ħԲ棬ֲһ˲ӡһͷ˿Щŵš
ʲôʬɷϢ˵أѵڤˮֹ˿ڤˮֱµ˼㡣
˲Żֻ֮޾ڤˮϢ˵Ķҩڱ˵ǿ֮˵ûʲôڤˮֲˣľ綾


394 ָţ
ǿٴοˣ̧һһһǵľѧȫģڤˮϢЩ
ǿڤˮħǲµġԪתڤˮȡһ֣һ޴ˮ򣬰ħм䡣ˮпյģħҲǶԴЩɵûڤˮԼϡ
һֲǧɴϸɹ˳涴ڣǹ۲ϸҶʷ֣Щ˳涴ɹⶼпյġ˶ûжãͿʼѸٵ߽ˡȻһ˿˿ڤˮҲɢˣǣɽбϢڤС
ȻڤˮǿЧǻǿסⲻϵĹġħ̾һǸܴȥ˵ġ
עħٵĳ˳ϵˮѾϡĽ͸ˣֻűһ㣬ʱѡ
ܿģħϵˮҲʧˣ±ڤС
ħ̫ȻҴְаĶǿ磬Ҫĸôһͷǿ߶һղһҪֲסˡ
˵һȺ˶򲻹ħڤˮǵĿ̫ʮᱻڤˮȥŲӣֻһħϣħֵסˡ
Ҫħڤˮˣ֮ᱻȼ֪жôɾأǲ֪Ҫôòܹġ
ħûлӦִ̧һһƬҲõɹɳǾ޴ŻȻŻۿɼٶСţܿľͱ˳˴Сʱ쳣ʵɹҲκβˡкܹŹֵɹԿš˼
ҶʷֳһʶĽӴӦһȻŵæɢ˶һ˿ʶϵ
ֻɲǼĽӴһʶǾһ㣬ֱ˥ˡɹʱʧٶȣ֪Ķġ
űǱǿгŴģħһӿʱšǱŵԪȶһƻˡ
űԭĴСˣȹ̵ģħɷͶûЧˡ
ħֱڳ롣ƾһ˵ҪȫĶŻôȫĸ磬ӦҲġŻ׿Ѷ£ҶͲҪЩЦˡһͷִ˺ĳЦ
һħ֣ûг϶ħǷⲻסġ
룡һ߰ȴŵ͸¶βסĲͷ
Ҷ˲䶼ëΪĽŵסýֺͷ룬֪ӦʲôĺǷˡ
ȲֵĶôǶûκεĶʱǱʵǲͷˣſˡ
ϾŻͿɽϿգ˵ǾغǵļŵϷⶼ۸ˣûû˵ģҲûмܹܵ˵İɡ
һСصָͷɳ֪ĻĻǹģһָǾҶʵǰƿ˳
ָǷɵޱȵĻҲûɢʲôȻľһĵתһ־˵עΪؼΨһ
ָԽԽߣһ׹⣬һǰĳ˳涴С
䡱һ죬ָͻȻ󣬱ôɽ˲Ͱѳ涴ָǾӨĪϢת
ޱȴָǣʱȴһͨ©ˡ
ҶʿĿɿڴصĺҲǸ˰ֱ͵졣ȻΪҪħүһģڵƾ¶һСֶΣסˣ˲ħүӵĵλƽˡ
ͷ˶ֵǮôһһˡû͵ģֻи͵ġ
ħٴδһһβΪҪ׵Żɢòϣ첻ġֻǰסգŻ
ħүǰקŻɽȥ
ҶĪ֪ħҪɳЩʲô˵ľٶˡ
ܿĴҶ˴𰸡ħŻֱӳǹһڤӡ
ҪĴŸڤӰɣ˶Ծޱȡħүӻǡ뷨
ùĲ²⣬ħʵжһ𰸡һ֣ϿŵŻڤ˹ȥ
ɣһߣдãصĺٴγˡͬʱһֲ쳣
ⲻǹֱڤӶȥŻҪ価ڤеʱ򣬱оƯڤϷͬʱмڤˮǣ˹ŻܣȴûнӴ


395 Χˣ
Ż˵ĶԴҶóֻʱԵķӡι̣˶ʱ䣬ӡͻƿ֮žͻƷȥ
ħүӲûгԷԣԼҲûм֪֡˴ʲôʶħүŷԼ
ҶҲһԼĸ׺УȻΣأҶʻʱ޿̵ĶҪȥġ
ҪıħүӸڤУҶʲ֪Ҫȵ²ܴ̽ҼԼĸˡڤӿ˶մȾĶҶʲһСС׵ʿûôڤȥѰҵġ
֮˵أùͷȥ̫ģħҶʵĶУȻǹ۲쵽Ҷʵı顣
Ҷһħ֮鶼ԼˡԼȥ飬ħͿҶ
Ҷʲ룬ҪĶڤСħүǲҪԼ׵ʱ˵ùͷ
Ȼ֪Ҷʻִ֪ġ⣬ô˵Щ𾴣ҪκһҶʶԲ˶ߡ
ħ⺡ǲ֮أǷ⣬촽ϵĿţȴκε
Ƭ֮ħջƣ岻ڷĽڹ⡣ĿҶһۣûκεı顣ȻͷҲصĳѸٵʧˡû֪ħȥصĺ֪ħͻĳ֣ͻȻʧˣһİĴ˵
ħߺغǴ³ˡһŲεʶסеϢûһ˿йġȻҶʿ϶ǵһġ
غɨһ⻪סеʿɽϢѿһȺ˴б˳ҶҲ⡣ȻĺϣϢ
ɴҿһǵɽٴεԷˡɽİ׹һƬͨˡɫŨҲѸٵɽʶ޷̽ȥˡ
ŨյɲǣҶԼпɽУԼĸԶĵطһߴԴǲһƬǿпʯħɽżЩơ
ҶΪԼۣ۾ҡҡͷҪϸ۲ʱѾǱŨڵסˣʲôˡ
Ҷʺܿľ׿Լĺ˼롣ܽɽĶ켶ʿʱҶЩ˱һطһҶʵЩˡ
Ҷ񣬺ܿľ˹Щжð̹⣬ޱȵ̰ҶˣЩô֪Լõ˲ģ
ʵҶˣЩʼնΧɭ֣ô֪Ҷʵõ˲ǹ˼άˣǾ涼˺ܴջҶһȺͦô࣬ջ϶ޱȾ޴ġ
ڣ뿪֮飬ⶼǿ˵ġڣʱЩۼ⣬ڣеˣһǽȥˡȥܻܲ˵һ׶༪ٵġ
ҶֻһȽײߵ˵ûʲôսġʧȥڶǿ߱ҶʾͳһģҶҪһҶʸϴһյġ
û棬ǿľǴġǶǴ켶Ȼûд˶డһ𲻸Ҷͷʱȴת÷ɿ졣
Ҷһͷ󣬰ԼˡҪһʼԶһЩֱӿǱΧм䣬Ҷܶûа취İ
ôң̹ףöǵõһЩġҶһת˶Բߣ̹š
ȻһҶʳԼõ˺öҵ۾˼֡ҪǴϵģõƶܱȺ˵Ŀġ
ȻſҶʼͷҲͷˡҶƽʱôĴģôھͷ˺Ϳ˰ܳôô˻Ķţܳϵô
Ⱥ̰ǿԽԽĿ⣬ʸоԼûд·һԷ˸ͨ͸Ȼ˵ʱͲô·ֻһֱȫƬ˿
ңһẦߵġҶһŤ󣬿ȻȾĨΣŤ½ǡ
ʱſ˵Ƭ㵹ԼˣҶӸ׵òСЦȴַڵ˲ıסˡʾҶ̬Ȼģʶ
ͻȻҶǰǳߵİ˿ѾͷһţʱȻ
ͬ鶯ôһԱôĴء


396 Ǳ԰ɣ
һȺѬĵǿҲǱҶʸĵòУȻҪҶ£Ҷʵúõ˵ǲ֪ǳʲôԭ򣬴ҶǺһ񰡱鰡ʲôҲࡣ
ѽո˼ˡҲˡҶ΢΢̧ͷһĵ
ú˵ȺܲˣǿθеķڣƵ˵
ȿȣġУأıϡ٣ȻҲ֮ܳΪˡǴҶҪҺΪѡҪżҪǰҪҸовҵһʱûҶʿ£ָԭ̬
ҪǡôȻݹֻȺ˲ıֻʵ䷴ġ˵ϡٵʱҶҲȺ˸̳Ĵ㡣Ҷ޾壬ǳЦô鱦вǡ
Щˣڶ֪Ҷ˵ıʲôѾǱҶʸŪýѵˣ֪ľҶõȦС
ʵҶҲ֪ЩҪʲôǿ϶֪Լġֻ˵ǶΪԼĿжȷı۾ˡ
ҪôȺ˿ڵǱ䡣ҶʶóǿҪѹֲס˵ŭ𣬺˲Ҫˡ
ô֪ǳûа취ⱦġҲʶȤʯٵɵ¡ϾʲôûԼСǰɡ
ǣ㽻еһˣ϶˲ġҪǱһյʤ߾ܵõⱦ
Ҷ΢ЦЦҪСүĶôܣСүҲǡ
ôУôˣҪԵʲôʱˡȺ̾Ͳˣ˷Ե
Ȼأ˵ô죿ôҶһ棬ͣĺҪʲôȡڵһ
𣬱ҡͰ˵İ죬Ͱ˵İ졣ҶʵͶ̼̫˵ˡڵԵĸожǿϢΧ˶һЩŵæھܾ
ɫֲɫ˻ȥǿϢҲջءڵʿһѶͷ亹ĳһ
㿴ɣˣֲҪǰ˵ѡʾһ£ڣж֮һֵӵŶҶЦȺ̰ôܻĿԼѶһˡ
ڵ˵Ҷʲȥ룬֪˸šҶҪľЧԽԽãһ鷳ˡ
ۼѾôˡҶʻ⣬Ϊ˳׵ĵҵĻԣһȺƴһһҶֱһմߵϣ˵ڣеĶ
ʵҶڣóʲôⶼûм񵽹һƬģǰĻνҶһʼûҪЩʲôġ
˵ڣеĶҶʶоԼһȺӣһӬͷСô϶ûмġ˵ĿֲһĶЩ˿϶ûмġҶʶˣ˵ģ˻ûģûˡ
ãⶫϲ

ԶÿȺпճһĿյأԹʹáҶҲȺˣܿľ˵˱Եĵشûа취ˣΧ˶۽ǵʱʱ̵̿Ķ
ҶҲ⣬ʱ˵ҪõĶˡǰǱһȺ˸Χסˣڲȼߡ
ܿľʿȲĳ嵽Ⱥпյص룬±ռȻƵá
һֱû˵Ȼ˵ǵǡǿҶ٩٩̸Ȼһʵ˺µı飬ʵôôҶʻôõ˲ˣҶʲôˡ
ʲ¶ɫϴҵעⶼҶסˡҲû˿ǲǹǣѸٵıʿסĨƽˣǶҪ鴤ˡ
˺ܿľڳ̽ԵĴ֡ȫԸʱ򣬱ԷйˡҲҪ滹ôˡ
ˡܲȫԸȥֳʤʲôʱˡҵνûʲô顣Ǵҿ¶İɡҶʿһᣬģȻ󿪿ڱԹ⳶ˣҪѴͬһսߡ
ǣȻ˰ģûиʵԵĽչѵҪʮµģǵȲôҪôϷֳʤҪô볡
ǣҪô̷ֳʤҪô̹
ҪôʤҪô

Ҷʱͬ˼˲١ĥĥģ켶ʿԪôȥʮµĻ治ѡ


397 Ҷˣ
е˻ûȫֻǷԵĹһ¡ճǾͺˣô˵ţǴùҲҪ˲ڱƴʵˣԼͬıƴԡ˭ȰסԶ˳
ѾҵĲˣôȻǲˡ˵ᱻƢһӵϣ˱һȻߵġ
Ϊ˱Ѹٺ۾ûʲôˣѸɱ֮һ㣬׺ݵŶԷ˳ȥ
ĳ̫ˣҶʵСĸζͨͨġʿı԰Ϊ࣬˶κβ˶෽Ԫٵĺľֳ嵽һŤһ𣬽ⲫ
ʱѾ֮ǰԪĶԺɱۣѾˡûгģгˡŴŶԷҧȥһѪͱѪˮһġ
ռ˱ˡΪҲѧģʹ֮¼ѪԣҲͬһڳ˶ԷһѪ⡣³еѪģ⣬ŶԷˡ
Ҷʿɫ԰ףľġôô޻Ҫް޶ͬġִ˶Էͻֵͣġ˵̬ǲѶԷгɹǼܲɿڵİ
ͣͣͣôˡ˶ˣȥһҶθзڣѸҹҪ³ˡⳡʵ̫Ѫȣ̫ˡ
һ˼ͬΪͬԪࡣ󲿷ֶһЩɢޣСеģûʲôľѧܴ֣ܶԪܿľͺľˡ
˵һ˵ıݣѾڴҵǱ˼̵ļ䡣ɱ۾Ķս˫ֿٵĳ嵽һ𡣽ɱ׼ȷ˵ǽ˺ҧ
ҪҶһλƵıԵĻҶѾÿհ׵Ĵֻ뵽һʣҲ̶áҪһôҲ̶õĻҶʻ˵ǳĲҲ̶á
֪Ļ˵ʿľ֪ĻΪԼһ¶Ķ޳ֱȶ޳Ҫ̡
ҶʲͣĬ߰ĶɢԼעȻҶĿҪֲȥˡ綼ܵһȥˡ
䣬ڿƸ飬ħүСѲƶѲƶҶĿҪˣҪΪԱҶǴҪƵĴٽȥˡ
ʲôʱܣޱģλƵķ˻ҶʵļϣͬĿ˵
һĹѾ˲ʮˣҲ޵һ֣ҲǳԹѪʳġʶûпôѪȲ̵ĳ档ʻƵˮ³ˣ治֪Լܼ¸Σ˵ŵľƨˡ
ҶʵĻ۾۽ǵܡʿһ첱Ӵֵģ˫ðŵĺ⣬ɢŵɱ⡣ҶΧ˲ˣϾһϳ
һĶΪʲôƵıԣȫĵͶ˽ȥ˵Ҷʵ˾ࡣұ˴˶뿪һξ룬֪ʲôʱճ˴Ŀӡ
ڣܣҶ۾һС˵һȻ󲻶ɫĻķŲȥ
һûˣôץҶʼͷϵ·ȻͲˡ
ҶʺܿľѾȺѾ뿪ȺΧʮಽӣǳ˳ûһ˷ֵġûԪŵԶȥǾǡҶʺ޲ö༸ֻŵģߵĿһЩ
Ҷˡҿ׷ʲôҶϾȻвҲõҵİΣˡ൱ڶһֵӵУͻȻһƮ죬˾ķλ
һ㣬ޱȣ˲ľ;еˡȻΧս˶һ㶣еĺʢˡ
ҶһĺߣֱҪȻѾԵѹˣҶʻˡ˾ǻ˻ҶʶʶȻȾʧ˵
ڲ֪ʲôطؼʱҶôһ¡Ҷʱ˷õ˲ܻˣ䵽˹ȵס
ʵ̫ɺˡ粻ģƫƫҶʿҪɹ˵ʱ򺰡Ҷƨ붼֪ǹġʲôƫƫԼв˶ᶯĵĶοЩˡ
ҪǰһһƤЦģޱȵĵ⡣ҶʿԺܿ϶ĸߴңҪƤЦվǰһԶЦˡҶʻֱӰԵ˺ãҪˮŽޡ


398 ܣ
ҪץˡȻǴĥ켸ҹٴûͻȻ˾ƿڴ
ʵ̫ȱˡˣᱻġȻ˵Ҫ˫λöԻһ£ҲǻôġôķǳĹҪԶˣȻվסٴ
ҪǶԱҶǳ⣬÷ǳĿļ졣Ҫǻ˱ôԴûмܹ˰ɡ
ҶʼֱǺˣԼĻǵı˰졣ǸСһı˰죬źò׵İѴҶƭסˡƭס˻ɹҪһһİѴҵͶԼһ
һҶʶĺܺáɹİѴҵ˼һϡȻǲʹĹھһȺʿ˺ҧֱĥ
Ҷʻ̣ڵȡò׵ȵ˻ˣ϶ӳ˵ʱ򣬰·ɱҶһеŬ׷ˡ
ҶҪݺݵطҶʲˣҪ˵ĻҶĻôġ
Ҷʻ᲻ôҶʻô嶯ôгһҪھͱҲţպһˡ
ҪҶʸĻ֪öôҡǲвǿ϶ǲõˣ˵ǵøӵĿ񱩡һȺŴ۾۾βסɱŭʿҶʡҶʲ
ҼסһĲ㡣ҪץסˣһҪҶʴһҧġתͷҲصľˡ
ҶʣվסġʿҶˣҲϽ׷ȥ
һȺ˺ƺƵ׷ҶԶȥˡĹʧˣ̳
̫ˬˣӴˣеҶܵˡɽһݴ˳
ҶǳĽ˵ڴҵߣȴûһ˷ò˵Ϣֶʵ졣
ҲǾҶʮֵ졣˺ѷʱѾܳˡ
ò˵ϸҶ벻׵ķħ֮ģҲȫûȤ
Ŀ֮е飬ϲǵģиеģֵĸӡ
磬֪ǱҶҪܶģȻҲûа취ķӡ˺ѹ˶һ˽ȥˡҶʾȻҪֱӳȥ˵Ǹ˻ˡ޲óȥҶһţһ֮ˡ
ǿʿȻˣȻҶʣֹҶʵȥ·ֱҪġ
ȻҶһѵʿܿľƨˣĴӻ˱˳׵ˡҲҶʴǸһģŪ˳Ƭˡ
ħˣѾûҶʲôˣʵҲȷʵˡȫûҶʵʲôˡ
ôҶʾôءħ˵ʱ򣬴ҲصĺɨɽʱѾһҶһˣϿ϶бһϰ
ҶʻڿСȻûȻͱһȺ˸ΧˡȻͽ͵ҶʵĳĹһȺǿ߶ƵתģоһֻϷˣһȺĴ
ܵ飬ȻҶĸˡһȺǿߣҶʵǰͻȻΪһ㡣Ҷ˵ʲôʲôҶøʲôǾ͸ʲô
Ҷʵļɵ˵˲٣ٲǰνӴʱıĸоˡǰεĽӴҶʸ˵ĸоıֻ֪ɡȻǱˣҲΪܸһͷԼ֫ˡ
һֱô˱Լãİܲʧܡֻı˲ЦΪЦԼ
ǴʱҶ׵ĴԼĹ۵㣬ԭֻҪһ־ģ͵ǿһֻĺӵĻݡ
һûпһǻĻ˺ҧҶʾȻҵĿˣòѴˡ
Ҫ׷ȥҶʻʲôУû־Կ뻹Ƿˣ׷ȥǰҪһץסˣԼҲܲ˵İɡ
Ҷǿ߱磬ԼĻҲһ𱻿ӽȥˡԼҲûʲô˱һǿ߻˵ҪһȺץסԼԼô졣
ע⣬ȻϢʧˡʼնûκ˿ɽеغǡ
Щǳ׵Ļָƽ˻мѪģ켶ǿڵ֮⡣


399 ս񣡾
ߵҶʴʶķӣҺҶٶϳ˴֮ǿٶȵġٶȷɿ죬һȺܵǿ롣
ŵǿȻ˵ھҪ߳Ҷʲٵģǿûʲôطһʱ仹ĸҶʡֻܱٶȣάҶ֮ľ룬ҲڱҶ˵ǵͽʿ˸¡
ǻҪ׷ңϿȥ¯죬೤ȳɡҶһ˲٣ûһǰٶ츳ˡȻ˵ƨɺŲ٣һʱ仹׷Ҷʵġ
СӣվסǲĽŸѪѪƤģҶʻͷǻϽͣһȺѪӿ켶ǿ߸ӵķŭˡ
վסҾվסǵɵԼ̫氡ҪƤѪҲҪ׷˵Ҿǵǰ棬ӰѾҶʺںЩ˵ĻػһɱûеġҶ˵뷨ٺãҲҪץסʵֵİ
֪ǲǱҶʳ׵ļŭʧȥǣҶʸоƿǿһЩҶʻͷһŵ亹ֱ󲿷ǿߵͷð˵ľѪڻȼա
ΪץסҶʣһȺǿ߿˵ƴˡʼȼľѪˡ
ԭñȽɵҶ˲ľ͸оޱˡҲҧӿڵԪתٶȡʼ˲˵Űó̡
һȺ켶ǿƴɲġҶʿ˵ô˳̵ǻ޷ֹ˵ĻĽӽ
Ҷʽˣ˼ҪһץסҶʣȻôһ˶̡һ˲ȼ˴󲿷ֵľѪͻȻ١˲ͳȥԶܹҶʵ½ˡ
ǵ΢ЦûüţѸٵĵˡҪˣͲϵģŸָ˼ǿ߲ˡ
δҵޱȵͳһͬʱֺǰ˵ĺ󱲡
һҽУһŵѪԶȥĲҽУǰǿˣֱ㶵ϵȻѸٵıһȺɿɿ׷ϵ˶֪
ҶҲȺǿ߳ͣٵɲǣȥԶһεľ롣Ҫȫ˲١
Ҷһ·ϲϵı任ŷλƾŸоսǵķȥ
ĹиǲϵĴһƬǺӸĿռ䣬һ̨Ⱥײȥ
Ȼ˵ûʲôԱҲ׷˴˲С鷳Ǻ俪ǺӣǱ̨һµ顣ҶʾͳʱͣĳȥԶ
ܿ󣬴ҾͷҶʵľڲ֪ԽԽԶƵôҼӾ˾Ѫȼġ
ﶼЩûף֪Ҫʲôʱ򡣿Ҷʻģ׷ϵ˾ѪɥʧɫЩ԰ˡ
ûף̬ЩƲסðյĳˣһ·ϲϵͻȻӾ羫ѪȼգҶʳȥ
ǴҶѾ˷˭ҪץסҶʡȻҾһ֣һǿߡ
׷˿˵ƨ¶ûС׷ǿɫЩ԰ףʧ˴룬ЩԼֽģҶʰëǮĹϵûСȻҲȫûйϵҪץҶʡ
һȺǿ߶ĬˣĬĬıͬٶȣͻȻļ٣±ˡĬĬȼžѪĬĬ׷ϣĬĬıƴ
Ҷôˣܿľͷ״ҶˣȫǰĴøӵĻˡ
壬ڵԪǲġһƬƬǺǲҪǮһȥûʲôЧܶĲٵˣҲôһЩԪϵġ
ҶʵӴ󡣻ͻȻֹͣͻȻٵϷǻס˲ٵˡ
Ҷͣ˵ʱ򣬴ҲͻȻ٣ͻȻ˴˲Ҫᡣǰ˿ˣǺ˿ǺײǰˣһƬĻҡ
ҶʾͳŻңһܴܳȥԶ÷Ӧ׷ߣ˵˲УζҪըˡ
֪˶ãԶǳһΰĴǵΰޱȣԶԶľܸܵǱѰơ
Ҷʵ۾Ҫʪˣôõʱ䣬Ҷһ۾ͿˣҶʴʱҪҵıսǡ
ҶҲûоãսǻ˵СȻҪǼϹŸ費ڵĻǾͻӵСҶʾ;ޱȵУŸ趼ȥȥˣܻ֪ܲ
ս񣡾ң׷һ·ҶҪɱˣۣԶҶʾͳɤӺ
籼ףԲﶼţ


400 ִ˭
ҶʵޱȵңᡣȻŵһȺȿ˵ģûᡣ
Ҷʾ޴ҵͻأĳˣսн̸˶һ㶣ɻеĹߵ˵ϡҲǿС޵ĸӵˡ
һȺǿ߶ľĸҶˡսҲԶԶľͿˣҲҶս˲ľƷһȺ켶ǿߵ飬˼硣
ⶼꡣҶʰǾȻҲˣ󻹽˵Ľڸɴɱˡ
Ǵ½İ汾ҲЩ׷Ҷʵǿ֪İ汾
֮һ˲ͱĶˣҪϴҶʡҶʵıǶȥδ֪ûǲȫҶûа켶ǿߵǿ߿Ҫ顣
ѾӽսˣҶѾߵ˼ˡȻˣǿųֵģҶһֵķзսûг֡
սץסҶʻ˵Ҫ֪սսлȥǾˡ
ǿǲ뱻ץסȻӲıΪȻҶĥ
ҶͻȻôһ󺰣˶һȻһ𡣼ҪģûмôĲҪġ
׷ǲˣ½ô˵ҶģһȺǿ߶ɫ԰촽ѣͷˣӪƵá
ӣҪ˵۸Ҷʣ¶û˻ŵİɡ˵Ҷ۸Ǹӵŷ
һȺ˲ˡսǻһεľ룬ҲȫûлץסҶʡֻҪս֮ǰץסҶʣȻҲܹȫ뿪ġ
ʱҲûʲôʧҶ׷һ·йȻҶϵĲҲǴҵˣֶΪء
ϣһϣһ׽սûеϿ졣˵ʹȣҶʳȥˡ
΢ԥ˴ͷҲӴ˵ʵǻҪץסҶʣȻгıԩıԩһ·ϣʵܹˡ
ҶΪսǽˣȺ˾ͲĳˣϾսʱǺܾġҶʱķ֣Լ߹սʵҶʲ֪ǣԼ͹Լ
ҶʿԾ˫֣֣صķ˵Լɵվ˴ԼֻҪǣסˣǵ򣬵ԥʱսѾˡʱͿһˣʲô͸ʲôˡ
䡱һ죬Ҷʸож˵Ĳϣʧһ㡣ȻҶʾ͸о˺󱳵ľʹȻǿֲԼƲסԼƽ⣬һ˵档
ҶһҽУޱȵĳһĲҽУ֮ǰװҾûȣҪʵࡣ
䡱һ졣һβǷϣǷ˵ϡҶ˵ϣҳϴһӡ
Ӳĵ˲ķѡһɫѸٵɢ˿ȥһֱײսǵĳǽϣɢˡ
ۣż֪ңЩɴˡҲøôڰһЦҶʵĶУε۸С
ҶʱˤͷԷΣðǡǱϾƤûܵʲôʵԵ˺ſҶʼͷϵʣһ·ûлָʱֱӱ˹ȥһԡ
ҶҡҡԴ˻һЩһ˵˵ϣûұ׷ɱôҶˣĥʲôѵǹģҪڵϳӣ
ûУûУ϶ûСż磬ԩҰֱӳˣǻǳһҵҲᰡСƨһ˵βסЦ⡣
СƨҶʵһʱͳ˵ġҪ־ҪҶԼոպ˾ͱˣ˭ܸϵü
ˣϴ̬Ȳξˣ²ΪҶҲʵСƨûޣڻҪİæɲܰѹϵŪˡ
żȰ˵żִ˭СƨЦ˵ȻѯʣѾͷУﻹһȺһ䱸ŵ켶ǿߡ
ս񡭡սǰðû뵽ս˴Źǡȥе˿СƨסǣϽĿڽ͵һСƨбǰоޱȵĹ졣
죬СҪʲôֻǿͷϵĳƺȺŪ˹ȥסʵסСĶºǡ


401 ץֵģ
Ҷͷˣû뵽Ҷʶս˵˵ҪΪôţսҪڰڼӣһġĻѾܶˣҶҲͱǸˡ
ҵĳӶˣ޼ߺȴһֵǸˡȺѰңȻҲˡǼˣҲʱñ֪ҲûһһͷһĲƵѧȺжġ
ʱɵƲŻȥǹİǲԼҲڣԼô
ȻҲĬĬ˺˶˾롣Щ˶֮ǰȨģҲûüֵġʱޱȵңӹһ١
Ȼ˴飬ȺúõȨһǺõġϸ˼˼û˼˾Ǻõġ
ǻð׷Ұˣ˵ðСƨûпڣҶŭˡСƨߣҶʵĵرĳ㣬ҲǴ˲١
㡭һȺǿ߶Ǵŭǲñֳ˵ðս񣬹Ҷʲô顣˵ˣһ׵ʿõð㣬ֱӴɱ˱ǡ
ҶǱͨ죬пԣҪ˵Ļ˵áȻ϶ǻиӴ鷳ġ
ʲô㡣ѵһ˵ôԼ룬ⶼ˶Զ·ˡʱ̶ĵģĶҪˡСĸζͨͨûͣöҶΪҿҪˡҶˣˡ
֮ǰǿƣҶֻܡСƨԼǿƣԼ˵ľǵǷǺڰףԼ˵㡣
˵ҪѪˡö˶³һѪ㱻Ҷʸ
һ·׷ҶôȻǰɣѵûҲҶʹϷˣǣĴܵ
ôҶʵ˵˸ζˡ˵Ҷʻû˵ʲô˵Ķʵġ׷˺ܾãҶʻЩľսġ
㲻ֻдԼҲһɡ
ܵĻҶҪһϣҶץס˺ҶʵͣҶʻҲҺ˵˵ġ
ѪˣôѪˡûУҶһ˵Ļһĭһġ
ûûСûҪشġҶһֱţ۾գһ¡СƨҲЩˣû취ˣЩӲ˵
㿴㿴˵ѪˡԼûǵˡΪλҪ׷ҵܣһҪɱ˵ӡҶʸӵˣʼղԼϷˣԷ顣ʼնԷԼ齲
ҪǡҪϷˣǣôܻôķŭ˼ˣñӿǲҴİġ
ϷˣǡҪΧסңΪԱҸϷˣǡһ׵ߣһȺ켶ǿߣӳˡĸΣնûа취ϸ˵Ҷ˵оݵġ
˵һοҲǵһβҶǶԷŪ¶˰ɡⴿȺǿҵģҶʴһʼǣûдǵͷ⵹ãԼĵһξôıǸȥˡ
ǡǡ˲̫޳˰ɡǿҪſڱ⣬ûҵĵӡǿͨ죬һֿڡ
ְ㻹ŸʲôҶһĴʤ̵ӣǷˡҶ綼ҪǴĺôɤˣСƨлˡҶʰ˰ͣûмСƨֵġҶʲˣ־Сƨͷһ¡
ôءһ˵ѧһġСƨһǣҲաЦģСֹš
ۺ˫ı֣СƨҲǴµ˽ˣľҲµĸ˾ŲʮˡСƨҶʵĳݼֱԸӣʵ̫ţˡڵ滰ȴ˵Чⲻص㣬صöֶûа취ڷ
СƨãҶһѧĲ涫ҪܰҶʽ̵Ūһ֪ģȥܶġ
һСƨҶʵޱȵͳһҪϴ֣ܶͷҲҪֵܶġϲܴ֣ܶͷҲҪֻܶ֡ʤʹ죬ź졣
ƨôڽ˵Ķ滰춯֣ĥˣȻȾƳȥҶʺǳⶼûгһĶˣҶʶеˮˡ
ץסСƨȷʵ
ץסˣץ˵Щ˵ûиӦЩֹҶԭҪһץġ뻹ˡ̫ˣҪûгֵĶץ϶кܲõӰ졣Ҷʻڴ½ϻȥԾͲɵ¡


402 ˰
СƨȻ֪Щ˶ˡⶼսǵˣҪǻӦЩ켶ʿĹֹСƨҲûˣԻ¯ˡ
ʿͷ˲ԾҪܣǶͽ͡СƨѾһʱˣѾӦԼ壬ڵĲı仯ĿơѾǵһսʱ򣬶ֹƲõľˡ
סս͸ĲСƨѿռסˡһȺǿҪܣȴֶá
ڴҾĿ£һȺǣľżһ㣬Ҷʵ档
Ҷ۵С۵ĿҶʣ۾п־взŭС
ʲôɣΪ۾Ҿ㰡ߣҶޱȵĵ⣬оˬиֵС֣ܵ治Ǹǵġ
ҶʴСƨСƨһȺ˻سˡʵ˵СƨһȺЩǿЩ˶޷ˣǱСƨʩչǿеľн˻ȥġ
ҶʵĴʹսǡ֪Ҷ֡˵˲١вٶǺģڳſڳԶԶĴ۲šҲǳҶʵģԶԶĿҶʵı֣۷Ź⡣ȻҲҶʵˣʲô˿װţЩ档
ԶҶʾͿѾվ˳ſԶȺվڴ·ߡҶҸоʮֵãͰЩ˵ǳжӻӭˡ
ɢҵͷȻĸûлҳۣһǳǳ΢Ц˹ȥһ߻һֻ΢õǲϵߵȺ֡
ò˵иߺҶʵˡЩǵҶʵĺãϴڹ͹Ÿ趼ڵʱҶʻסսǵİȫ
˺Լ֣ҶЦøӵĿˡϵĸԼҪ֣һСѾҪЦˣǹβͻƵá
Щ˾ͷڳſڵվŰɣסˣҪסˣҲлˡѾ˳ˣҶͣԸԼಽСƨ˵
ȻҶʳվȺУͱҶʷ˵İ˿˼۾ȻͷҲصѸٳȥˡҶʸоҪҪǰˡҪڴһᣬҶʿɲұ֤ԼĶӲг
ˣſҶʼͷҲͻȻָԪ˲ľ
Ⱥеİ˿ҶƽµĻˣһֱŵҲͷҶʳԼüŪ۵ģ˿ǳüЦ
׿Լõı֣ǶҶʲҲ֪ҶʵԼչصʱ򣬸˿ʩչʲôԻ귨ҲǳҶԶȥıӰһİۡ
սǵĳҶʿ˵ᳵ·ˡⶼ֪ĶٴˡеļҶҲҶʶˣҶһǰˣȻɻ󣬵ǲûеѾ߻ҶЦЦ
ҶҲûκεļӰʲôģžŮӰĽеСڹüЦüۺʱҶҪһӺóԵģһǲᱻܾġ
ȵСƨܻʱҶѾϳˡϵĹͷѻһѵˡ
СƨһУȻҲһͷӣͷԸʳֻʱ̧ͷҶʣһߴڵ׽ţһޱԹĶҶʣԹҶôûеͿˡ
ԴҶʸͲᣬֻԸٶɨϵʳǼƾǼûгԹһ
һԵĲʱѾ߽˵ǰ˿ͰҶֱӾˣڵĴӦˡ
Ҷ磬ڻ˻ûе˿öȴ˽
Ҷ˲泩еĸҪʧˡЩ춼Сģô⡣ŭҽˣʱ˿ɤҶʾܡ
Ҷ֣ղɸ˽ˣҲҶʿˡ
ˣҶˡͱŪôͿˣ㲻ҶӷˡҶߵľǰʲôʱ̬ҶʾúǱŤ
һҪͿĲôԼʶЩˣһǻģһϵǲõġоĻôԽԵԽ
΢ΣÿҶʶԻǻᱻ䡣˿ľȣûгЦ
ˣŸôûлйأСƨʲôץŵ鼦ȣҶʡ
Сӣ˰һΪ㲻֪Ҷͷĺߣⶼˣ顣
СƨǲʣҶҲͲ˵ҪʲôʱСƨŻ


403 Ҷʽ£
ҶΪŸĬڸҲʵ̫˰ɡʱˣӲûҺʱزˣҪϻ˵ܱ̾Сƨġ
һ㣬ҶʾԼͱСƨĵöˡŷֿãҶʿʱʱ̶̿ǵġȻһֱţҪĻʲôӡҲһֱŵİ
ʱǲǵɽôȫ˰ҪǸ˻¶סɽеĴڣǶȥġҶʴԲѵĿǽ
﷭ۣ˵ĶġҪȥһ³һȺҼ˸İ¶ˡҶʲŸոտһͷȻѾ˴ҵİۣȻǲҶʵĻ
֪ҶʵĻжٵˮ֡ڼٻв˶ٵ滰滰м˶ٵļٻ
Ҷ΢οǣԼһʼ˵ԼḶ́˿һֱһ΢Ц۾ǸҶʲСĹɡ
ļСʱʱУҶʾһֱϲĽԼĹٵľҶʵԼķḻ˲ٵĻĴԼĹ¸װ
ɽ⣬Լʶһɨɢˣ׹Ǿе·ˡ
Լһ¶غǾԶĲˡ
ǲԼвϵĿĲӲ˵ƾԼ˸һڤǰʿڤϸһ˱˹ڤӡֽԼĽһɨеĳյԻˡڣȻֻԼ˳ǻǰĻ߸ȥǵ汳ˡ
Ҷʽϲӡǡôľӿ˵ҪһֱҶʣȷҶûʱ׼ݽ壬ʶǲǰѾݽݸдˡ
ûǰ׼Ϊ֪˵Ҳޱȵĵۡ¶£ǶҶʸˣιˣ⽲ЧﵱȻǲġʵҪԼȥˡ
ڰǶҶʴ򽻵һˣ֪Ҷ˵ԸʲôġҶʽߵڼҲ죬ҲԷǶԶİҶʽĻ˹ˣõĲˡ
ֻҺʣ˾һӳˣҶһ˼СʱûЪġڰ飬Ҷʵķʽ˸ţųһһڵĲˮº
԰ǲ©ʲôûнˣ͵Ūѷ죬Ȼӳ˾ûˡ治ǻЩʲôô˵ģ½֪˵ġ˶ûдţĵȴҶʡҶʺ˿ڲˮ֮󣬻ûмĵ˼°׶ɻˣѯʡ
ļʲôǲŽ˸ͷҲҪһʱɡҶƵĺŲˮźһĵ⣬˵ļǰ˵ġ
˶ˣ˴ģķ˲ٵҶʵĽɸѡʵ顣Ѿ˶ЩͷˣҶʾȻŽһͷ
ҶҲûôҵ̫ʱ䡣ܿľͿʼ˽ģûʲôˣһЩʵ顣ΪҶʶûô֡ӲҪԼϾصϷݣҿ¶ţҶԼòס
Ҷʵ٣Ҷǰʱ俴Ӧˡʱĺ˵Ĳ󣬿˵½˶֪ˡԶܸܵļµûֳĹۿ
ҶʵĽߣҲ˰ɡٲȫеͲ²ˡ
ҶʴǶζǸԶĺˡȻûмʹʲôӵģҲǰײ˰ɡȻǰײˣҶʵײ˸ʬ嶼ѻɽˡҶû˵˼һЩ˼ľƵ⡣
ҶҪ֪ԼΨһһʵҵҵ׸˵ˣҶһץ˵ٻĽζ˵滰ǵ߷硣
˵סǲԵװźߣҶһЦĶŰס
ҶôʣҲ˰סʹ壬ǲһεǰչֹʹ˵Щϵġ
ԵһȫһҪҥһͷĺߣİ֣ʾԼûʲôϵġ
׵ƲϵƵýͣǻȻʹ֮ٻʹ壬ǲ˼ıиͶӰͶӰԶԶǿ塣Ҫʱ򣬿ԼԼڵѪȻͶӰӦ


404 Ҷȹɱô
ôǾϵأ˰׵ĽͣҶԽ˵ϴ밬׶ԾʱǸоʶġ
˭˭˭ңҶʸո˵꣬Ͼصİһǡ
˶۹۱ǱǹĵģտڳĬʾԼ֪ûп˿СЩ΢΢ĺףҶһ£ԼҲʹˡ
ˣڳԱˡץô죬һֱɣˣСƨСһϸĹ۲ҶʵɫҶЩ
Сƨ˵ҲԼĴġѷ챻ˡħүӻɽеغǶûа֪ǳʲôԭ򡣵ǼȻûзͿ϶нһ졣ҶһֱʱֻҪǿҪϴٻ½ħǶٹ˵ġ
Ҷоֱǰĸоʱ½Ͽ϶ҪҵģǶ֪ʲôʱܹĽǣԶĻزˡ
ʱܰϣǵˡԼӦԵ׼
սôһ϶׵ĳܵһĹ½ϵǿʵǲǵѡ˵ԺҪЩ˵ҪʱͰѴҵĹϵֽˣʱкܴ鷳ġ
ˣôܡҶŭˣһӣһⱻ׷˶ˣҶʶҪˡòץˣȻСľͰ˷ˡҶʾʮֵĲˬôĶҪڶС
Ҫô죿Сƨˡʵڸոտڵʱ򣬾ѾԤϵģû뵽Ҷʵķӳ˵ǿҡСƨԴΪЩץסĬ
СƨҲֻ˵˵ѣһϲֵҶʻһʱ䣬ӵ첻µزˡֻҪΪսǵľǣǷ˵һ˵
ȻСƨҶʽͬ뷨ֱӴɱ˶ûʲô⡣ֻԺһЩ鷳ˡ
ģзִġʲôʱпҰֵʰʱ򣿡Ҷں˵һ£ĵı顣
ҶһͷĺߡҶĴ²ǰֵ˲ʰˡкüζǳŽġ˵Ҳ࣬ҪǻиСƨҶʵ鷳Ҳˡ

Ҷֳˡۼ⣬Զͷ˴ӳųŴҶʵˡΪҶʵһʱĴҲȷʵǻǵİΣڹŸ涼ֵʱȻ˳ƺҶΪҶˡ
Ȼ˽ԼҶҶʻĴ˸һҸʵ̫ҸˣǶô
ҺãҶֻҶʵ⵽˲У̧߱Χ˴кҲܱǲϲܱǸ˻
ҶЩðô
ô˵أû۾飬Ҫʡ
ҶδôЩأ
Ҷǻϴ˹˼죬Ȼɱô

ҶһͷĺߣЩ˱ԼҪˡЩǿ߿˵ԩ޳ģⶼѾñȥˡ
СƨʩӵĽƾͲرôõĹѾǳ忪ȻжҲ޷ܣѾˡ
Χ˵ĺǶҡԭϴλҶɱˡɱ֮ǰΪ졣Ȼļ˵ҪˣЩϣȻ˵ΪٺʱҶٳɱˡ
صĻÿµȺãֱǱ̬
ҶʣҸ㣬ҪǸɱʿʿġô죬ᱻȺ֮ġܵвʱ˻ֱƵǻһǡǡ෴Ҫˣͱη塣ǡôһˣҶʴ
˭˵ɱʿˣ˭ҸɵˡҵϣǸСĵ˵ҪȻҶ㲻ġҶŭˣʺӿǲҿ۵ġĻеʿģҪǱеʿԣǾ鷳ˡ
ո˵߼޻ҡҾΪСƨ㶼ץҶԵСƨϵ˵
Сƨһ㶣ȻҶʵ˼ʵʵİҶʵķԸжð˲ٴ׳ʯۣ˵˶ץ
ȻϹ˿˵ᳵ·ҶִСƨļϣǻް˳Сƨ壬ע뵽ʯУȻѱץסʿ
ȻʯпٵĳȡŨԪһСƨ׼ǰľ׼ˣֱȫսС


405 һᣡ
Ҷʣúݵģ㻹ģͲⱨӦôʿĲҽУһǸܵ˾ڿٵ»ŵģǸʹǶܲˡ
ҶɻĿСƨһۣ֮ǰùζû˵ʹİޱȡ
ӦҶʵĿ⣬СƨٺٵһЦһĺҶһĶ񺮣Сӣʲôʱѧô˵ˡ
Ȼ֪ˣҶҲûнῪֹԼĽˣԼôʰԼ顣׷Լһ̣ѾҪܵĥĴˡҶʵ뷨ǣԼܿ࣬ҲȽö
Ҷʡʲôû˵ôҲҵΪͣĲ֮ǰڶײҶʵʿеıץסġ˱߹룬лΪһᡣǺܿľͷԼҲˣ´Ҷˣĺ
ҸոָҪ˭ô˼ղǸ㣬ǡǶһģҲ׷Ұ죬һץסˣ˵ʱҲûзԣһΪǶӦˡҶһıǸ˵ĻûбǸ˼ûֵͣĴ㣬ĴҰ
ǷԣǷԡҶвͣҶʡǾеĿ־սʤһУҶڣҶġ
˼Ѿˡأһĭһ˵ȥĻҪ쵽ľǰ;ϡԣ̰ɡҶЦôܾͷǡ
ʱΧסԼʱԼѾѾװˣЩйж֮ģ
ڷˮתԼӹһ٣ƨ¶ûСЩԼҪԼһˡô˵ҶޱȵĿ϶ҪԼٴЩ˵УЩһĲ˿ģ»ӵı䱾
ѾˣҶҲܹͽġôҪѳԼռƵʱ򣬰δֵܻΣ鷳ɱҡУҶһֱ׼
ҶʵĻһȺ֪ûа취ıˡ̷׵˺ƤڵĺšҶҲ⣬ֻߵΪ˰ԼҲġ
ϵĶûͣӿٶȡһȺ˺ܿľˣܿľͶһµˡ
ҶʿƵĸոպãҪʰǣЩһѵҪǶԼвʧϰ취ȫ䵽׵ӡҶţͬвκεˡҶҲкµ
һȺǿ߶ʱ򣬴ҵΪպý䵽׵ӣҶʹϵͣˡЩ˶䵽׵ӣ½ϵǿ߻˵ЩģǻǿܽܡϾ˭С¹ҪΣոɱҡС
ҶʼǵΪǾ̫ˡֶκĻ¾ͻúܶ˶ǻⲻжˡ
ĸоʧˣһȺǿߣӦһȺʿҲ˹
ޱȣԶԶûǰӯĸоѹʲôһоδй
ҸϽӣڵԪ۷ʱڵʮ֮һԪľԵʧˡ˶ңȻҶʶѾ˵ˣҲ׼ˡķ飬޷ܵġ
ϵľͻȻ˱Լӵϣ˭ܹƽԵġ
ҶʣҺƴˡ˳ĬˣҲ˱ˣ˫ͨʧȥǡ
֪˶ٵĿ࣬˶ٵ˶ôò֮ǰһͨʵƬ̵Ĺ򣬶Ŭ˲ĻӰⶪʧĲΪǵϣǵĴʱ䡣
ðҲ˼׷Һɱģôá˺ܼǳģǸʵһѳ𵱳ͱˡãҾ͸һᡣҶˣȺԴ¿˰ɣȻҪ
ҶʱҪһٵġⶼѾ˱˵ΪˣҪٶִܻᱻССǼġ
һҲ˪˵ӣġҶʻĲóˡû뵽ȺôĶҶʣֱӿھͰҶʵ鷳ˡ
ǰɣҶתСƨ˵Ⱥ˻ƲʲôˡҪ˵СƨҶʺͰ׶ܹ׵Ľġ
СƨҲûʲôϻֱӾ˼ӡ˸ˡʵҶʲ˵СƨҲǻ˵ġ׵ʿ˵ģСƨĲ
ȻҶҪ⡣


406 ˮת
зʿڱСƨɿĵһʱͳҶʡǿɼεģ״̬ʵЩҲ̶á
ոձΪ嶼ûӦڵ״ԪĲȶҲܵŤŤġ
ҶȫûаǷҪ˵ûӦ״ӦˣҶҲǲµġЩɢ޶طޣȫǿۻԪѹͽ׵ʿͬ׵Ķϸ춼ֲʤġ
սȫһ浹ⶼ㲻ʲôսˣȫҶʵĥԷҶֻҪڵԪתЩ˶˵Ҷʷֺ˻ƿɲǸǵģȴҶŰϡ
ҶһߡĲҽţһʹŹŵˡҶȫһ鶼ûУЩ˵ȭͷϲʹģֻ
֮ҪҽеʵҶԼ̫̣װԼҲúʹ࣬ԼС
ʱ䣬ҽûֹͣȫҶڷйʱе
ȻҶڰǰǴĿϲģǴ˴ɽ֮УҶʻǾޱȵıġɽдܵѹƣʱʱ̶̿ĵġҶĵûԼдôţġ
ʾ֪һ㣬һֱҶʵ˽ޱȵ⻹һһðһΣӰħɽб׷õܣûô˾
ȻһȺ˶ԪҶʣҶʲܽȥġҶʺγǿԪӦͻ
Ϊ֪ҶʾñҲɽ̫֮ҡҶϲӵʱȻڷۣȴûгԲҶʵ̨ӵġʺγҶ˵һΪͨ죬ºδȥá
ҶûжԪȫȭȭ⣬ҲЩ׵ΪܿסҶʵĹ⻹ҶһȭһһȭһĽЩ˵һȥ˰
Ҷʷй֮ûٹΪЩˣֱӷˡڻ᲻ѶʹˮĳˣͲҶʸùĵˡ
Ҷսͣ˼죬Լľȶʱ䣬һǳŵףһֱ׵ģҶҲЩԲ綼Щ
ȵҶʾȶ֮󣬲˴ҵҶʻǾʱ뿪ˡⶼôˣҲûȥˣҶʻҪȥһЩ顣
˿۾ʲôֲǼˣҪһΣһЩ顣˵˼ּˡսſڣҶװСƨ˿׼͡˿ۿģҶʶ㲻ˡ
СƨףǿɲҪ̫ҡҾ͸ˣ͡ҶֳŰ׺СƨЦȻתա
Ӧ˵ͲŶԣСƨ˷ۣСֹոճ̨ĶҶˣһ򣬲
ſһߴӰȻΣͷһԳǡҶ뿪ȭͷҶʵıӰ˻ӡԼҪӵŬȻֻԶĶű˵ıӰˡ
Ҷٶȷɿ죬ʱ·ԭ·½ȥ·˵Ÿɻ˵ĵط緢ĻҽѾȴˣںɽϡֻСɽĴӣ˵ŵʱɻ˵ķŭ
ҶôãȻ˵û׵żǻ˳ĽѾ۷ΪˣͳֹײŻֵ巴ӳ
طѧ˲٣ԼڵԪĿƸǲͬնսһء˵ǴǳԷһƵսֱͱܶޱȵĿ¡
ڵħʦȻûôӴĿµĶУܶ๥Ѿ൱ħˡ
ʱСģȥʱҶʾԵúĿŵģûԼϢҲûн
ԽħɽʱҲǡϹŶǿ궼ҶмӵģЩ綼ʲôˡ½֪ħɽеҲˡ
ҵԽɽʱɴǴŵģҲЩ̵ӡ
ȻҶεĴԼϿմЩ˼סˡһֻ۱һֻۣ͵ûпҶȥˡʵڻģ͵һֻĲӬ˹ȥ
һ·Ҷʸܵ˲ٵǿϢеºͣеԵʮֵı꣬ǶûΪҶǡ
ֵһǣҶʾȻӦ˵ŰţеͻۼһȺСޣڽС¹Ĺ£ߺǣжôĿɺޡ
ҶʸϽ١


407 ½磿
ҶʼǰУ˱ԳƭսѪĵطҲżֵĵط
ԶѷѾԵˣѷ߶⡣ǿСӲݣǱ̵̦޺
ص׳ҽҳ˷ֵϣŵرֲ
һԵı³ľֻôдУȻ˵סԭס޶˴룬ǻвɵͣûȥ
ҶֻͣƬֱ̣ӳ˳ȥȻ˵壬طЩ⣬֪ĵλҶʵҲǰɭе޵̫ˣҪһЩ۵ɱô졣
ֻ˰ʱ䣬Ҷʾͳ˳ȥѾħɽķΧˡʱСֱʴ·ǻʮʱߵɱѪλõġ
˶½ҶԵȻ˵Ҳ硣ҶܻǾòڣȻͬΪ࣬ǷɫĲͬϰߵĴͬʱ̶ҶﲻԼļңԼĹ硣
ʱ˶½֪ǲϵԭҶʾÿҪ࣬һּҵζС
ѾǲʱܿˣǻƤͷĸ·ˣҶʾޱȵС
Ҷֻûж½½˸飬һ׳졣鼤֮£Ҷ̲סˣһȻ󷢳һХ
ԶȥˣȥԶһ㡣
Ҷʵޱȵͻأһ׶ûСϱԹĹĸţͻȻˣһĳ˳ȥĿɿڴũ
·Ҳùƥܾ֮Ҵܣɢһأø·˲òһƴסƥһ߱Թ

Ҷһ亹һȻٵĳ˳ȥգۼͻеһСڵʧˡȺʰо֡
ȻҪͻɽȥ·Ҫ·ľǡȻѾˣҶҲͲںൢһʱˣҲʱıע⣬ȥǿ
֪ôˣǲǳԽԽ绨ˡսǿ˶١ôˣСʳûС
ţҶͻȻ˲ٶᵽ˼¡
ԶԶѾһ۳ǵ޴ޱȣ쵽صľͷǵĲɫһŵĶ
էΪҲޱȵСЩⶼȽǳûпЩʲôŵ
ʱսǴôãսǵҶʶۼСƨԿƹЩһ⣬ҲһرĸӦ
ʱٿǣͲһӴĽôˡһġһֺ嫵Уڰѵ״̬ҶޱȵĿ϶Ҫʲôѣǻ˲ĸ
˵󲿷ͬҲűʵġսȻҲǱҪ۳СƨǵǿСƨǿϡȻ˵ҲǾģǳ˼һر֮⣬սǱϻ
ǾͲͬˣоǰǵ˻ڼûҪ۳һӡûа취ֱǿ
ʱܾãҶվǵſڡһֻĸоɽŲ·ġһõģǸСؤҶʴʱһǰ˿ͳĸɾĻǱá̫࣬ϵҲȥ˺ܶࡣ㲻½أҶͻȻðôһ
裬裡Ǹؤ磬һδôĺáѵؤҲǰ;ͻȻߴһк
ĺúõʿǰ;ؤʲôǰ;λ֪͵·Ȼ˵ĲǻǺһοһɵĶųſڿͣؤؤϻҲϵˡһŴĸŮ˹ڽѵؤǰ;Ск
ĸӵҶʴӳ˼˹ͷһҶͷĺߡûмǴһθյǵʱĸӡСкѾ˲٣ٸҲӾзˡ
ĸҲȻϳҶʣѴʱҶ뵱ҶϵԲ֮ǰ԰ס
Ҷˣʲô½뷨˲ʧĸô˵Ҷ˲ûƢ˼ֻС˵ֻ㷢ԼĹ۵㣬ûд⡣ҪҲֻܹҶԼˣ̫ˡ


408 ǣ
ǣҶֻˣҶʲߵһĸӣһһ̵ľͳ˽ȥ
ҶԶȥˣֻһߴҲΰıӰĸӡ
ۣ裬ǸؤҶʡСк˲˾񣬶Ҷ뿪ķġ
ǰҲˡСкҶ뿪ķ򣬲ûпٸα顣
裬Ҿ˵ؤǺǰ;ġ㿴ҶڵĵλɾͣȴؤĻˡСкһؤһܹٵְҵһ
׼ؤֻȥúõĵʿҶʱҲؤĸؤᱻһȺǿΧתġٸˣ⺢ôôأ
ҲǰؤģмҶôţġҲûд㳬ؤеĵڶֻҶʲһˡСкͷ룬üͷһˣܿչ˿һĿġ
ٸ׵ˣֻǴע⣬ԺҪ⺢ӿһˡɲܳȥСԼĸ׵ĻԼļͶˡ
СкһңСƨСͲϲһЩ߰ʮֵġϴҶʾȤҪؤ뷨
ҺûãҶʾǻķˮˣϷŪ˲ٵˣѴ˶תСкȤʿ档Ȼ裬ҲߵٸͳСк˵Ҷʣ㿴ʵϷŪ˲Ųᱻ˴ɱ
ȻСкˣͰҶʵżҶϵ츳Скûѧ٣ҲѧƤĹ򣬿˵Ҷʵ洫˺üݵĻ
ƤСкûüĳñ׵ģǺпջǻҲͶһֻ۱һֻˡ
ʱͻȻҶʾԼ֮ǰסĽؤְҵ֪Ск˶ôĴٸܲܺסСкǾǲ֪ˡ
Ҫ˵ġҶʻ˵Ĵ֮󣬴ĲСкˣ˵Щˡ
֮ǰ˵ûٱҶϷˣҶһôáҶʵ·˼أЧЩĥĥ˳һЩŵ
Ĵ󸹱˿ɲÿһ˶ģʱϸɻУҪЩͷԡЩ˶ɵܿľ˹֪ҶͻȻӿôһͻȻסˣͷЩתҶʵĵ
ǴԸԼͷԲҶʵġǲųҶʵĶҶʵļɵ
Ӧ֮ˣǴضģ޲ðҶץ͹ըˮÿÿޱȵߣӰʲôûˤģһʱǵıӶǼ˼׬˲١
ͻȻҶʵĸߵЩһ£Ȼ󶼻ǲԼ˻ˡԼֱۣᶼˣЩ˶ʱŭˡͬһʱ䣬в֪ıӳΪ˹ȥ
ǻӣûʲôı仯Ψһı仯Ҳвٻ˰˵ӰҶѾϰˡ
Ҳǣʲô仯ļξı仯ҶйءҪôҶֱģҪôΪҶʶġ
ЩҸûüѾǱƽϢ˵ġҪôˣҪôǵҵ˶ʱѾӦ֮ˡ½ֻҪհþˡ
ڶҪ˵˭лҶʵĻҪӿˡҶǻûзʲô£ҲûбҶŪʲô¡ҶĴǵʱֶο˵ҪºˡʱӿϾĬĬΪŸĬ
ҶʻڳеĴ·ϣ˳·һЩǺ«ʲôҧš֪ǲ̫ûгԵڵĶĿζ΢Ǻ«ҶʵĿжޱȵ̵ġ
ҶʹŹţ֪ľ͵˽ֵľͷСԺӺһľ޴ޱȵѧԺѾܹˡ
һʱſͬųĶţڵȴѧ
Ҷۼһ۾Ϳ˸ԵѧԱоȻһˡǵԼУŵȻȻûзҶʣæµŲԡ
ҶҲһޱǣĶѧԺԺǽһŴĺ顾ҪҶһǿôǾѧԺİɡѧԺ˶Ҷʡ
Ҷһͷĺߣⶼ˭ģȻԼˡҶˣֲþεĲԵѧԺЩĶడ
˵һԵûôĿֲ


409 Ҷǰǩ
СҶӣҶʻʱͻȻϤĳƺϤ
Ͻ̧ͷѧԺĴſڿȥȻսػСʾڴſһſҶһЦݣûʲô仯Ҫ˲٣˽仯ҪСˣֿʱСһСһһĴ󡣲Ѿصôˡ
ҶʵҲЩֿʱ䣬Ҷʿǲֹһεǲ֪ԼǵʱûͬԼ
˿˵ڵѧԺСֻҪѧԺģǶ֪⼸˵ġȻȻҲǶޱȵϤ
ȻͿǼվڴſڣûʲôرĶȻҲԼҪûйעǡ
Ǽĺһ˵֣Ȼź̧ͷȺŤͷ˿󣬿Ǽһļε˷ܡȻ˳ż˵Ŀ⣬Ȼ˳ľҵվڽֽǵҶʡ
ҶѾ¶һ˻еˣվȺҲǺ׷ֵġ
˵ˣҶʵſ˵ǷǳĻ𱬡ҶʱȽ׽˶ģÿ춼вٵ˰ͽǡЩҪͨύǣȻʶҶʵġЩĵҪύЩҲġ
ȻΪǴҶѧġҶҲйݵĽӴܻץסʱԼľͶ§˳Щ˲ٵ֪ѧѧõġҶҶʵϢڵͽ׵ѧУȻǺЩġ
ÿȻҲģ鷳ͰԼ֪һһĽ˳һѧѧǵĺġ̫ˣϲŵģҶҶĹҲһĽ˳
ȻȻͱķ֣ÿʱʱľɱŮԺǱߴȻ˲١
Ϊ춼ڽҶʣȻҲƴĻҶʵһЩ飬ҶʵòԸص㰡ʲôġ˵Ҳ֣Ҷûʲô̫Ľ飬Ҷȫˣֻ֪ҶʵֻһЩȻȻ漣İҶʵӸ
ͰҶʵӸ˳ƯѧĻȻͻͳȥһšЩȻյ˲ٵңǳƯѧõġʲôͨѧãǾϡѧôԲһҪҶʵĻʲôʲôļ˵ͼ
ȻȻӣΪ˻ǲġȻǻһ㣬ǻû۸ûлκˡЩҶʵһдȨ˶ûȥ鷳
һ̧ͷȻͿҶʣûκεϲЩ飬嶼ȻĶ¡Ҷʵǿһ𴫿ģҶʵƢôõĴšȻҲ֪ΪΣǸоЩ顣
ҶѾûпˣһֱˡȻĻ治֪Ȼ᲻ֱӰԼſ¡
Ҷʣ˧
աǺ˧ء˼ѧԺΪҶǰ
Ҷǰߣߣܸܲǩ

ѧԵĶʵ̫ˣܶ˶Щƣˣʱʱһ´һеġҶʵĵһȺ˲ĳ˻˲˼Ѫһ
һȺ˶ˣĽǶҲˣһȺҶʷӵ
Ҷʱڹ۲ˣЩ̾ĬĬеűȽϡͻȻоо˵ϢԼƽ
ҶʼĴ˸Ȼ˲˹һȺģǿȵȺԼҶʸоͷˡҶһ֣սǵ̨ϣһ˶սߵĸо
Ҷֲ̧˲ͷ亹ҲľͳѧԺСҲǴˣԣҲתľӽѧԺС
Ⱥʵ̫ˣҶЩӵġһӵϲȻܹסġѧԺĴĽƵģûѧԺӣǽȥġ
ӵϵȺв˶ˣһ͵˳ܶ˶˺üΣεķͬĽȻЩơܿľ͵̬ҶǰѾˣֻҪѧԺܹġ
ҶǰҶǰǶκβ˵ĽƣҶǰ˵ǽƣֱӾͳȥˡȺһݵķ˸̾˲ٵ˵ΪȻĵͷͬ
ȻȼѾѧ˵ѧԺȻ֪ôµģһĺߣûпڽʲôΪഫ˻ĲκεĽƵġ


410 ٷˣ
Ȼ˵ĹҲûпȥ˼ĶˡΪʶҶʾѧԺгˣҶҪĽȥΪѧԺһԱڽӽҶʡ
ȻģŶҪ˯ˣҪȻϸġڲˣڲԵĶûκεܿľ˹̣͵ȻȡǱ̭
ŶӵҲûһողʱ򣬾ԼǰˣǺһʯȻǶܹġֻȻǺ˶һˡ
ҶʿûпȥܻжٵѧԱϾֲġҲûȥȻǻжæҲҶʵ顣
ѧԺڣӣĻôĲáï֦ܵѾӸ߿쵽СϿգ
궼ŵѩ׵С׺֦ͷһŵѩ׵Ʋʡ΢ʱ򣬻Ļ˰ѩ
ҶʸоޱȵУû˵ֻţšҲʮĬûпڣĸҶʵߡޱȵϤޱȵĬŲͬĴС
ܿģҶʾ͵ԼѧԺеסˡſڣҶҪִ򿪷šԭûпڻΪҶʵƽе˵ļ˶ɫһ䣬ĸ˲ˡ
СҶӣջȥ㷿ҲưסҶʶҪڷϵ֣һŵĿ˵
ǣﻹǸӣʲôÿġҶעⲻĽ䲻ϵĸԼɫҲ˲˹ҲʲôɫЩȻǰѻȥ
ǾǣߣȾƳȥ϶ܾöûгԹǰǳȥĿ˰ɣӷϴɲ˵Ƕֵܲ˼һµĿʦǻЩر𣬳ڸзǳսһֻ֣ҶʵļͷϣҪҶʸߡ
ţǲʲôԲҵɣҶϸĴżˣޱȵɻ
ȻܾûˣҶʻǾ⼸Щ֣Щġ⼸˵ӣôܻ˵仰ȻǷֿ˲ٵʱգ֮ǰҶֲûкǴ
ʲôܱ䣬ԸʲôģǺѸıġ˵Ĳһ㣬ǹĲ˳ʺǸĲСӵġ
ʲô˶Բס飬˵仰˸鰡ȻҶϤҲܿЦοջͷŹˣ²ΪߣǺȾƳȥսǴҶʵļϣЩ˵Ҷʲôֵܹһ
Ҷֻе㻳ɣھѾ϶ˣ⼸˿϶Լʲôܲõ飬ڽҪǻǰҶʿԺܿ϶˵ҪԼ˵ʲô˺ѸĻЩ˲եȡôŹ֡
ھȻôĴ󷽣װ⡣ҶһҲ˻ôˣҪǻ֪⼸˵ƷҶʸɴȥһ鶹ײˣʡﶪ۵ġ
߰ҶʣҲǺڳſڴˣľ͵ѧԺſˡŹ綼ˡûиʲô㲻飬㷿Ʒ붼û˵԰ɣؾԼӦ˵ʲôȻҪҶڽȥˣ϶ٲ鷳ġǻһھͱζˣµǣԼûвս
սҶʵļϵ˲ЩӲԭӲҶʵҲ˲ЩҲЩΣϽͷתһߣװ֪ƫƫػûзԼ˵©죬װޱȵҪҶʳԷӡ
ҶޱȵĿ϶ˣҪܱƭôҶҲͲҶˡ
Ҷʼ΢΢ķֱսԼϵֱ̧ۡ־Ͱ˷ʶݵķ鴦յķŻĴˡ
Ҷһͳ˽ȥսһۣһΣȻ޺޵һۣӲͷƤҲ˽ȥֻһһĪ뾪ۺϵ⡣
ٷ˰˷ûãҶʾͱһ÷ķѧԺš
ҺսԤϵֱӾָס˶䣬˫ڳܴݲС
пյģʲôûСҪ˵ʲôΰʵˣ嶼ûˡһ۾ܹȫκεӾǣΪûж赲ߡ
ٷˣҶԴðĵһͷҶЩգʲôСôĴ󣬾ȻעⶼԼͷˡ


411 ҶʼҾר
Ҷ˲־ЩԾʲôٷܵѧԺʲôû͵͵Լġ͵ԼĲ㣬͵ôĳסҪԼԼķʲôֵǮı˵ĹȥԼķߵʱʲôû¡
ֻһЩΰʵģÿ䶼еãѧԺǰ׼˵ġҶʾֵľͲʲôĶÿһжеģΪʲô͵ء
ҶͻȻԼ˸ҪĶѧԺÿѧԱǾԵĽأԺ׵Ľ롣ҷʶָƵĶҲǰ裬ͬһ˸ʹ򲻿ҪƻἤƵġ
֪ˣԲԣҶǲˬĶŸսиոջع˽ء
֪˶ûʲôģޱȵĸɴĻش
£Ҷŭˣ֪ԼķˣԼҪԼҪĸȥȾƳ⣬ҹĻԼ˯ذİҶͲڣոջôһ˲ҶĶ˵ģҺǼʱķֶЩԾ
˵ɲ׼Ҳ׼Ȼǲ˵ӣǻӲ˵
˵Ҷһü˵ĶĤ۵ġ
ȻİСʱһһĸҶʽľΪѾû˼Ҿߣ˶˵ϡ
Ҷһ࣬һ׵ģֻʣ˿ЦãΡ
黹ҪҶҲĴͷʼ˵ҶԽԽȻҶеһʿĿеĵλҲԽԽˡ
ȻҶʵһоͻȻȻǵһкôģǽҶʵĹ°ҶʵĻʲôġ˵ȻֶλǱȽº͵ˣҲûʲô⡣˽ĵȻУȻֻҪƼƯѧãûµʱһ˵˵밡ʲôġ
ǣŶӦ½ڽҶʵʱȻǳɹ
˷֣ҪʱٳȥҶʵʲô龭ʵЩȤЩɣоڼʣ˵ĶһǷǳˬġȻǶҶʵ˽Ȼĸӵľ壬ӵȫ棬ҲӵķḻҪǶҶʽ˳ȥˣȲ˵Ҷʻ᲻᲻ⲻǾڰҶô֪͸Ҷİ
ûжĲŲɵ£ҪˣǸԼ鷳
ȻǸҪסҶʹʲôƯѧãǿصĸӵʵʣӵֱӣǾǮ
ǮôءȻҶʵĻҰʲôôѧԱͳĲôƯŮѧöô
̻Ȼܹȥġ˵ҶùĶˣұܹƵĶӵľղؼֵΪҶѧԺĶֻô࣬Ҫûˡ
ҲȻҶʵŹƯѧãûаԭ򡣶ΪܵȻڳûƣ˵Ҫл˭ȥ
̻ǿˣǽȥҶӵģȴûпŵԿסǿŶ룬Ȳ˵ܲܳɹ򿪣Ӱǲõġ
˾ҵ˺ƧϣƧܰҶʵķŴ򿪡ƧǲϵģҶʶһʱˣȥҶʵķʲôоǣҪҶСӻˣûô졣
ôôĵƧǲӦǱƼˣֱһϡѴҶʷУҶùĶƧôһ˵
ƧҲ˲䷢̻ҶʷлʣŵĶѧԺĲƲܾôƽ׵ȥǮ˰ɡ
һּۻ֮󡣺ƧֻԼܴҶʵķ䣬ҶʷڻʣµĶѧԺɣǿռĲ㡣˸ֻռ㡣
ûа취ʱˣҶʵķͷˣܾȥˡ㣬һҲ룬ҲǿĴӦˡ
ȻǺ죬ƧҲЩһ˶·ʱҶһֱҶʸ״ҶȥʰǡƧˬĿ˷ţ˰Ѷˡ
Ȼо;һᣬʲôҲûʲôĵرõļҾߣʲôΰ˵ġרŵĿٵģҶʼҾ
Ļ𱬣жһգҶһ׵ʵЩš
ʵ뾺ĵĴ󲿷ֶˣ첱Ӵֵġ


412 Ҷʵթ
ô˶е㲻ˡ˵ҶʵļӦЩӹˡʱôôļǮǮҶùĶ
һĥʵǰҹȥһϾӡҹſ˵ķȥ͵ȥˡõĽü˶ǿЦãͷĺߡ
ӦΪҶйڵģҶԽԽΪʵԽԽǿЩȫû˱ҲܳڵıŰ˵᲻ˣԲ·ǿ϶˵ġ
ʱҶʵƷЩȥʵľġСڶϿҶʵ֣ٿҶʵӡȻʱ򣬾ͰЩ޹Ķˡ
ҪǰЩܵﶼʩҶʵϣҶʾǲһƤҲܲ˵ġ
ڻȵ˳Ľˣ˿˵Ƕ׬˸ġҲûˣʹķĲƧúƧֵúϲ£졣
ȻǱʹ⼸һӵµĶϵġû뵽ô켶ˡЩ˼ԴùĶץ˸Уĸо˵ʮֵġ
Ƨͷ˵ģֻǮõľ˵ҪµĶϵʱһȻ˵ûжôĹϵ˵ģҲУǮġ˵ҪǮԼ˵Լ˵ΪľͰѺƧˣںƧԹǲСġ
ɲ𣬺ƧҶʲڵʱ䣬˵ŷڼŪǮġûҶ첻µزµˣ˶ǱƧԵġ
ǣϼһҪˡսҲƿڴʼնûгֵģǮʱܵ죬ոս˾ͱƧĳڴ
ûгļһҪĻģü˶ǲòӦޱȵıֻҶ뿪ˣ׬Ǯǲ׬ˡҶʵʱǮôס
һϽĸҰѷҸԭʲôһ١ڶǮǲǮġҲҪԣҲҪȣڡѾȥ˵ľõĶôҲǶˣ˭Ҫ˭ҪҶʶ֪˵ʲôˣûзֿã˶ôоͷˡעⶼԼͷˡ
Ҫǻʶ˵ĻҶĺǶˡ
ҶʵĻ˶һѶͷϵ亹һҶʺôֵƺǺˡȻΪҶʲҪǵǾЩ顣ҪҲҪһƤ
ȻȻ͸ŪãǮ϶ǳģëߺȾƳȥҹͻᷢһжµˡؿڣŰƱϽİҶʸסˡ
˸ոսûжãֹĳȥˡ˵ЦģϵޱȵǢûһ˿ĸҡ
ȻֻǼϸĹ۲ĻԷ֣Ҷʣ˵ĺɫЩȻΪ·ʱˣϴĴˣоֲɫɫȡޱȵĹ͵ļˣôܻ·ǶǸոձҶʸųģһ亹
ҶʵˣŵĻᱻķ˿ǶſڡҪǷػػءǱȽ鷳ġ
صصѡһţλƵľͳȥˡ
Ҷʵ±ȽϸߣոջͳԷǮԼµļҾߣʲôĵءڱȥ˵ЩɵģҲˣҶʱûлһֵǮҲۣǻûжЩ顣
Ҷʸ߰£˾ЩˡԵǮٴ³ȥһȦǮȴ׬ʲôǮĲ˵ǱȽ۵ġ
ǱȽϤ֪ЩطĶȽϺãȥѡҾ߰ɣԸǸϿ찡һԱ㣬ҿҪȥ˯ġոճѧԺţҶʾ͵˴үķԸҶʡ
õģǵүһĿɥƫƫ˵СĶôôίҶޱȵˬ
ûдôֻֽսҲҪһЩϾһڳȥģ˶зֺ죬ҲԵġ
ˣǧѡεȻҪǰҹ˯˯ŵģˣҿǻᷢİԶȥˣҶͻȻʲôĺһ
һ򣬲ˤڵˡǳûթôҶô˵˼ҪõĶˣȷ˵˲ҪЩ˻


413 Ҷн
صԶȥˡµսɫҲЩѿЩڡѾһʱˣԳԺȺȵĶ˲ٵˡҶʵҪ󣬿²¶ٵʣˡ
Ҳ˵ǰǰæôõʱ䣬ͷ˵ʲôʣˡҪ˶µôã⾫ϵʧ޷Ƶġ
ЩȻˣҪܵȻô뵽ô׬ǮġȻ޺ƧֱһѪʵ̫ɺˡ
Ȼ˶ֻǰǮûеǮĵزΪѣΪֵܣûģܵ˵ǲġȻҶҲͼ˵Ĺϵô֪ǴԼùĶͷ׬˶Ǯ
ЩȻҶʲһ𵱹ϾӣҶʲɵܲʲô°ɣղء
Ҷ֮ûз𣬾ΪЩѻҶʾͰһеһ־ˡ
ҹñط꣬ȻĻҪ˵ġ˳ԱˣȸˣҲ֪ôȥġ
Ҷʱͷκģת˼Ԫ˹
Ҳ֪ô쵽ġʱлǻȻһˡµӣµӣҶŵĴҲµġӶɢŵľʵζǻ˲ٵǮľͲܹͨеġ
Ҷʻһ£벻϶˵Щʲôˡֻ֪Ҷ˵̫飬ֻܼš
Ҷʼǵľǣս˶ǲ׵ӡҶǸո׳ͷ۷ˡǸոյ۷壬սͣ۷мµʱˡ
ҶʹĿ࿴Ҫ֪ǲôϲġҪȻи׾켶ĸ֣ĿȾô꣬ڸոռҶʵʱҶʲಮ١ǱҶʸԽˡ
Ҷʲ֪ǣ⼸˶Ҷʸ̼ˡҶʱ츳ˣ˻尡츳ǰġҶȻƽʱҲ̰棬ͬʵ˵ͻͽûһ죬ǰһǿϲٵġ
ҶѣҶǹϵѡڻڳϵףʲôԵĲࡣʱĻۣ˫֮ʵԽԽ
ʱҪǻһ棬ҶʺǰһԴǣԼò˼ġ
ҪǷʲô飬϶ҶʵԵġʵҶʣﵹæͲˣܰʲôæ
ңȻǾӦиͬͬҶʲôôǷҶҪʲô鷳ܰæô
һȺ˴֮󣬾ͱһӽˡӿ춼ޱȵοڵĿˣ֪ǷǺôˡ
úƧʱҲǺù˲١˶ûôĿȥǵˡڼҵ˺ƧҪҶʵķţ˺ƧҲ̰֮⣬δûмʱûи鷳ԭ
ϾƧģʵǿˣҲҶһˡֱӾͱҶʸסˣʱֱӾͰ§˳ˡ
Ȼʵ֤Ƨ̫ڶˣֱӾͰˡ
˱չ֮ǰħɽҶ̽յľսǽļǿߵĶԾڼ˵ĴǺܴġ
λصѧԺĵḻľĺô˳˶ǽ١ĽףһԾͳɹ˵ģȻѸٵȶһֱ׵۷ֹͣ
ôĽҪҶʻʱҶһϲġΪҶʵϢϵĴ˻˵Ҷʻûͻ׵ΪġҶʻǸǴȷĸǣֻҪʣʱпܽ׵ġ
۷壬ôȻԪǻлӣȴûиоһҪͻ˵ĸоġ
Ҷʿš⴫ϵϳĺҶʴӳ˼о˹
šһ˴ˣҪûָͣ˿С
˾ˣôʲôҶûü˽ţȻƵĸϽİŸˡ
Ҷʿúף˵ĴΧвٵ˶Դ⣬Ҷʵķ˹
ҶͻȻģȻûдþ˳ȥˡвٵ˶ֻҶʻˣûпвٵˣûҲûпġ
Ҷķͷ̫ʢˣҶҪҶǲڲ˵ʱ䳤ʲôͷۣȻôͻȻ˶֪ˡ


414 ƧηǱӣ
յķУһжˣֻʶļˡ
İɣôĸҶüܲˬĶ
ֲǲˣºˣŪĴҶ֪ˡ϶вٺ˻ŵãŲȥʲôط˸ţ˿ţҶʾ;úܲڡ
ҪԼȥϸҲһȺ˺ĸ˵еҶôϲģʹʲôͬҪôһ䣺ۣҶʣҲϲǾ͸ӵˡ
ţҶԼȴһеױȵĶ񺮡
ٺ٣ϰˣЩ˼ͷⲢǹĸҶ鷳ϰôȥػȥսڷ󺰡
ȴҶϤľһöӵһȺڶ˲ļˡв˶ɳܵӲˣͦӲĳСĵİѷŴһССĿӣôһ
ԭӲĳ˲ˣˡȻһ˲֪˵ģŷСĵ͵ߣԺ޵Ļſˮ
ⱻˣ𣺡үеģʲôǾ޴ģñŮ˸ŮˣҲŮеŮˣԼүǡ
һ˹Լ޺޵ù˷šȻҲȫв͵ĸǰ룬ִүҲֵˡ
ȻЩҶ뿪ʱβŷģϰҲʱɵġҶǲ֪ģҪ֪Ļֲ֪ҪôЦˡ
ôʲôΪǺ˯Ҷʲ֪ôģô˶ˡ
ȻȥƧԺˡҪԼȥˣҲ֤ˡңҲҪһ£ܱܲһ㡣սһɱɫǲÿ
ȼ˻ҶʷһܣŵǵľʱɫǲÿˣⶼҪǮ
ҶôˣȻҲ˲˹ٺһЦҲơ֪ΪʲôҶʻое㵭ڴ
Ҷʼ򵥵ʰ֮Ȼ˼ˡȻҶʵϣв˶ţҶʼ˳ˣ˲תװ·ӡһ˫˫۾͵Ҷʡ
û˹֪ӦΪҶʵ̫ˣЩ˾ЩѹѧԺеͷ̫ˣѧԺǲҿ
ҶҲϰˣָָʱ١Ǽ̨ľһֻһ㣬վ̨ϱ˸Χۡ
ֻҪû˳ֶŵģҶʻν
ֱӾȥ˺ƧѧԺסλѧԺĽ䴦ûʲôرһСԺӡʤ٣ģںƧϲ͵˵Ǹպúʲˡ
ȴһգƧȻԼķСҶʼԺſں˴ʱ䣬û˴ӦȲˣ׳ŵӣԴ˽ȥ
ȻѧԺоͿʼ˺ϣڽ䴦϶Ƕʵģûɶôƻ
Ǵ˽ȥҶʼ˻ǱŪ˸ͷģ·ģȻǳ˲СĿ
ϼһʵ̫ɺˡ֪ˣ¶ǰͶˡǶˣŪôĽơҵһҪݺݵһӵģȻͰ§ȥԺթƭѧǮƣôսһĺڻңɫҲͬɫ
ֻתӲϵķ۰ףֱܷϵ۾˵¶ѩ׵ݣ֪ĸλ͡
ҶȻǰ˲ԣǻûжһֵĹͬһĺڻҡ
ô죬ԺˡҪǲңֲϤҲǺܲˬڰɾ˵ʵ̫ˣѾѺƧʮˡ
ܵ˺ܲҵģҶɫҲǺܹҲסȻƧϼһϷŪˡҶεǣôª壬ԼȻмˡ
ƧԺǷծηǱӡΪѧ׬ѪǮҪ֣ҾͲ컹֣ҾͲģ֪Ϊֹ˼ʱ䣬ѧԺ̤ǰҶʵʾ£սɤӾʹ
սǶôܴǵġһѧԺķΧȻǲڻµġ
ѧƧԺ˹ϵҶˡаԵĻ˲ľܵȼƬ̵ĹΧ˵ˡ


415 Һʹ
ҶˣսսѧԺһĴڡʱսԼ˵ѧԺĴͷƧ˹ϵҺǲôõ飬Ҷˡ
˵ʱ䶼ǱȽġһȺ˳ʮֵĿģǹſɮһ
Ҷ˵ǻķˮģֵǲɿģеĴ¶ҶйصġôҶޱȵĽҶǾӸ߲µϾʮֵȤġҶǶôľʣΪܸǣ˭ԼҶʵݶһһµء
ʱսȻƧֳìܣԴҶˡһĨɫʣһЩȤˡ
˵ô˵ôƧǷսǮûлˡ
ո˵ˡ
Ŷ˵ģҶǸո˽⡣
׳˻ԴⶺˣսôѧԺ֪ˡⲻҲԴĵطô

Ūʿ˸İۡǲ׵İ⺢ӣͲӸӵĳٶˡҶʵеķʽʵİ
Щʵǹ̫ˡҲǶսƧϹϵôϢҶʮֵĸȤ
Ҷ֪ôһٵˣȫѧԺʦˣҶҲֵġҶû뵽ǣȺʦ˵Ŀ١
һľګ͵˫У˻һĹâҶͻȻúǱ˺ѹ˫ᶯ˵һҶֻˡ
ǰҶֻˡǻˣǵôĵˡô̿ǿ˰
ˣˣˡҪ󣬸治С˶ĲˣҶʸϽս
ˣһһģͣٵġôĿŵķ̰ҲǷ̰Ƨ˵ʵսһֱôһֱûӡⲽսʱضһĽʵÿս
ǰô°ѺƧǼˣʱǣСЬǾ鷳ˡҶʻˣƧЩ黹ǲҶʵѧԱֵġ
ϾҶʿԲҪ˲ѧԺ˾ˡǺƧҪѧԺһУŻȥء
쿴ҶʡѧԱۼ⣬һ۾ͿսߵҶʣʱг
ʵҲۼ⡣ǰֻҶĸˡҶʵĻ˵ǼûȫҪⶼҲͲûˡ
ҶˣҶʻţոһϾ͸ߵࡣȻ͸ҴĵζһȺ۾ʪˣʵ̫жˡ
ȿȣҾһ˶˲ˣҶһ˿ıóѵľ⡣ģĿһʾҶ
˵ҶڵͷˣҶʴʱᱬϣֵôҰҶʽġҶʸտ֮󣬴ҶѾǱտˣû˷κε죬ĵȴҶʵġ
֮ǰȥһŸոմҶ֪İɡҲΪǵĶʿ˰ɡÿҶ˵Ƕ½е׵ʿšҶʲûֱӿھ˵Ƨ֮飬ȳЩġ
Ҷʣүǡ
ҶʣģûиǶʿ
ǣҶҲ̫ǫˣҿڶһҲǰμġ

ҶʹıԼԼҶϵôҶԼôľηˣϾҶʿ޵ĿԣδҶ˵塣
ȻЩΪҶֻĽ죬ҶǰĴ۵µģ˵Ҫ˶ãͻỺȻҾͶ׷ɽҶʣҶʸԽˡ
ҶԶȥ˱ҼϵĹâ񻷣һӾҶӽ˲١ҶãҶҲûʲôرģһ۾ȡҶʵĪĵҲ˲١
ⲻǫ飬һп϶бҸǿġҶʵĿڣޱȵĿ϶ڹķܴҡ
ջͷʮʹѹ顣ľҿ֪ܶ˽һЩġĿ˵һôûԼļڣʱʱ̶̿ҪСġҶʿɥһίĺӡ
ҶʣӭǶ½ڳĴҵļ磬ȻҲļ硣ûôıơҶʵĹ£˽ȥ


416 Ҷʽ࣡
Ҷʿ˵¶ֻǿЩѣ۽ˮⶼҶʵиж˿Ƕʱսǣе˶ǲôġ
ҶҶʱĴšټϵڵ˵¶ĽߣܿĴҾͶҶ֮ͬġ
һ׵ʿأʱʱ̶ֵ̿ΣգѵĶȹһһεΣաºܶ˶ĽҶˣҶʷıԭôѪʷ
Ҷʣѹˡ˵˵һʲôʹĵ飬ǴҶ㡣в˶ۿģӡвٸḻ꣬ͬķĵŮΪҶĨһᡣ
Ҷû뵽Ȼô򵥵ľƭôˮҶͻȻԼЩǲ٣ǶŪ˵ĸ飬ºвٵ˷ŭ
ξȻȡô˵ͬ飬ҶʾԼˡѾˣҶҲûа취ˡȻһȺ˸˺ˡ˵ˣԼ˵ҲʵֻǱԼַι˰ˡ
ѲƶλԲסˣƧ͵ɡ
̫ˣԶЩǰ󲻴ˡҶͣһ£Ȼ˵ģҺòܻˡѧԺҵļһ˺ܳһʱ䡣ԼӣԭΪϿãĵˣ˯һþ
ôˣҶ˵ɡҪǲĴǻ취ġ˼ˣû뵽һӢۣոմźպյġսҶʣȻջܵ˲ƽȵˡ
ûҶʣʲô˵һվߣġ˴ͷ˸磬ȺֺģҶĶ
˶ǿĿɿڴⶼʲôʲôҶʲôûз˵ռ˴ˣеĶµġҪҺƧ鷳ҲҶ˵ûκεĹϵ
ڱҶӲϵԭǿޱȵҶʣʱӲǱԼݳһܾĥߡ
ǲ׵ķˣаȿڲţ˼ҪҶ˦üֵľġѹҶʺ׾׬ǮԼۻ׬һѪǮᱻթġ
ԭ׬Ǯ⣬ҲǺһģҪ츳İ
ΪʲôϲԶѾҶʾѵ츳ˣҪҶǿֲͷءƽƽ
˶֪˽ᷢʲôˣĵȴҶʵĽڴҶʵıݡ
ˣжͬʱðһͷҶ̵ô࣬Ҫɱˡ
ҷҷпյģеĶûˡѯ˰죬֪ԭǱˡǺƧȲָʹҵѸɵġΪǼǮȻҵѣǱҵĶ컹ǮĴ˯ĵط˵Ҷ۾ǿҪ޳һ
ʵҶڽ˻ĬĬĴΧ۵ȺҶʲôķӳ۵ĶһߵӣҶ͵֡
˳ǮҶĴҶʻѧԺ˯ĵһҶޱȵľĿˣǳߵƷȾˡ
ǻ¸ҵƧΣҶʵĴʲôġҶʻ֮󣬵һʱǮҶ˼ҾߡڴҵĿоһߴ
Ȼѡ˵ҶҾӦõġжٵѻôءʱ򣬺ֵܵġʵʱֱӾͰƲһߣֲûз
˶һŶͷ亹һεЦšҶʵ̫ˣݺԭôġ˵ĶһЩʵǴҶʵͺǱһζƵá
֪룬Ҷûа취ϾҶ˵Ķġ
ҺôҶѣǺҶվһߵģҲҺҶթʱ򣬼˾ֱЭˡڴһ㶼ûǮҶҾʹˣʮֵҡ
ҪûдӦҶʣҶַĶǲǾҪԼءȥֱӳ˰
ұһΪ˻ͬƧɵġǾҶôͣҶˡ
˻ûҶƧҶʶԵģ˵ˡʲôȥȺƧͷءˣˣǱƧȵġ
ҺҶվ֤ˣȻ⼸˸еˣҪڹˡɶĺƧװߡ


417 СϷƴˣ
û뵽ƧȻˣǰһֱΪǸ˸еԺǰ
ǰʵ̫ɶˡôԴԼѧԺѧԱ
ǣҶʵĶѧԺſڸźҶʵ֪ѧԺ
ǰ̫ĺˡ

ݵĳĬ֮󣬴ҶˣһĶԵúǷŭҶ۷׷׵ģΪҶʴ򱧲ƽвٵѧԱʾҪҶʵһѰҺƧʱһҶҪһ˵
ʱһɾ˵ơһ׳İԪɢſֲѹ
ҵҡһ£ѧԺҵҡһ£ǶǾҵҡһ¡
СӣϷƴˣһӰЯſֲƴг˳һŭ
ƧҶǳſڵĺ֮ƤһֱܾʲôõҪȻһֱڰй۲졣һ켶ǿĶд׵ʿҶҲûκεĸӦġ
ƧҶ˽ѧԺȻֽӣҶʸոսݺ󲻾÷Ĳҽ
ȻЭˣӦҪҶҾߣ⼸С쵰ԼˡͼӴ׵˵ԼôĿȻƧԼҲǳթһʣԼ˵ôô
ȻƧ͸оԾˡ϶ûлԼѧԺסġֱӳСҲҵģƧ׼ȥ͸һʱ䣬ʱڹȥˣƧٳȥ
ʱ鶼ȥˣƧΪúõİҶʣŵҶһЩӦܹƽϢġ
û뵽ҶСӣȥôˣôˡ»ôľֶο˵Ǹӵ죬ӵĴˡ
Ҷʼ˳˺Ƨס֮ǽƱͬʱԶеĺƧѾ˹͵֣ʱܿҶʼˡʱŪЩ˵СƣȻҶʼ˸ˡ
ǺܿĺƧͽˡҶʼ˾Ȼֱӳ嵽ǰˡƧһҶѾôôȻⶼܸӦԼϢ
ҶʼֹֻģûпһۣӦûзʲôġúƧһãҶСӻûô죬ȻľͲöԸˡ
ǽţսĴɤӾͺúƧո˵˲ûвԼ
ƧˣȺ쵰ڸЩʲôЩ߰飬ܹ˵ô
ƧʱӵĲܳȥˡȻͶˣһ϶кܶĵѧԱġ
ȻƬ̵Ĺ򡣺üһ˾ȻˣһٵġƧǳĲˬƽʱʱãĵõʱȺѧ̵ģȱϯսôһߺȣȫˡ
ȻҶڽԼƧԼС֮ĶȾ֮ˣҶֻҪĸҷһԼˡҶҲģƧöݺᣬ˼ġ
ǣҶͻȻһ䣬ìͷָԼҰԼݵôʮ⣬񼫵ġ
ҪԼǵˣҪԼûҶ˵ôɶ񣬺ƧԼҪԼˡ
ҶԽ˵ԽоûûȻѧԺѧԱҶʸƻˣ˲һ浹˵׵ļһͻȻøߴâԼʱģ˵ˣȻʮʲôԼɵһ
ƧˣȥˣôȥԼԺҪſˡķһĺƧ˲վȻһŭг˳
֮һĺƧ˳һŭֱȡҶʡʱһȺҶʹƻ˵ģıǵ˶ˡƧôĿˣҪڵɱô
ҲˣǱܱ˲嵽ҶʵǰҶʵǰһǽҶ롰ɱڡĺƧˡ
ԺǳһԺƷʵ̫ˣ㡣
ǣôԺġȻԼѧܸɳô
ҿҶʳɳвҶûгɳʱ򣬾ʹѹҶʡ

Ҷʻû˵һȺ˾ߴߴ˵ҿʮֵĲȻǶԺƧġΪǷǳĲݵġ
Ƨˣû뵽ôЩѧԱȫˣȫͱҶʹˣ


418 ˵Ķʵ
ʲô֣ˣƧķһȺָúŭʱŭˣһβסķŭ
ƽʱƧôһɤӣҾľɢˡǽ첻һҶʰôҡһȺ˸ΪԼǿ˺ƧġΪˡ͸ǲˡ
ǰ涼˵ҪΪҶֻعҪҲǺƧ쵹ùҶʣܾ㣬ܾԼˣŵġ¾͸ӵĳˣΪҶʣӵΪԼĽ
Ƨ֪ҵ뷨Ҫ֪Ļһһ䣺ˡмҶľ츳ġмҵֵġҪ츳ſֲҵֵأһм
춼ˣһҪΪҶҪһҪһ˵
ǣԺʵ̫ɺˣôĶԴҶء
ԣǶߡǶҪǶҪһ˵

˺ƧĴûаѴҵۺͲѹȥΪƧĺǳ⣬ҵķӵľˡҶΪƧǹҪѴҶ֧ȻٳҶʰǡ
Ժð뷨Ҿ͸ӵĲˡƧ˵̮ˣڸһء
ҪǻߵģôѧѼӱҽƧŭˣЩ黹ĲõЩ˵˵ˣȻǻһӰġ¾˺У
ˣǶߵģӱͼӱһҪҶһ˵ôĶԴҶʣǲͬİ취ԸѧԱˣ˴ͷҶºƧˣţһƬ͵
ˣҶʶò˵ǵġˡǸİǸ˵İ
Ҷʣ뿪ٺúõ˵˵ȻҲҪˣҲаĺôƧѾûа취ˣֻСĳҶʴϣҶȰЩ֪ΧȺڸ֧ߡ
ܸлңллҵ塣أҺͺƧԺ飬Ҳֵ̫ˡҪôҶ˫ѧѣҶҲǹⲻȥġǵѾܵˣغԺҲ֪ˣǲҹֵΪҵˡҾͶɢ˰ɡҶһһ˵ܵʲôίһ
ƧλѾɫӵˣ˹ˡҶһǹģô˵ءǺС飬ӲǱ̬ˡˣǳ׵ûˣƧкɫŹˡ
ǡСĵ㣬ǾˡҪǻʲô飬ʹһϸϵҶʵĻҶЩɡϾҪĶཻһѧѵĻһЩʹġ
Ȼ˵ǲƧǺƧϾԺʵǿҪǵˣҲвС鷳ġںƧԵҪҶ˽˵ģҶʺҲ˼Ǿûɴˡ
ÿ죬ȥҲ졣䣬ҶԭɣҪ˵䳡ϵĸлġǻûз˾Ѿûˡ
ˣװˣǶȥˡȺո뿪ȿڵĲǺƧҶˡ
ʵܲˡΪʼն֪ģҶʵıݣһǱЦݱܡһ£ֹһεҺҶѣʼվվһߵѡȻҶôһˣҶʲɱ㣬Ҳûܹȵ˯ġ
Ҷʵ;öֵģֻҪȥݽһΣͻĶǰͺ̵鷳
ҶһΣ°Ҫ޾İ˵ĥ˰ɡ
˰̫Ͷˣոն¶ˡĻҶҲ˹˵űǸĻһ㱧Ǹ˼ûеġ
ҶʣոնʲôΪԺ϶ˣôĨأƧһƵĿҶʡʵҲʲôһˣɫںڵĳģıˡ
ʲôʲô˵ĶʵҶҪô׾ͱƧŻҶʾͲҶˡ
ôܺҵ˵ôܶңƧǿų嶯ǿһҶʵĳ嶯
ʲô˵ˡ˵ĶʵԼһ룬˵һѻôվԼĽǶǣѸ˵Ҳ˽ȥˡҶʵȻˣôأԼ˵ĿɶʵǴʵû˵һٻ


419 ѣ
Ƨҭһ£죬Ҫʲôȴķ֣޷⡣Ƨ֪Ҷʺ˵ܺƣֲǵһҶʴ򽻵ˡû뵽ҶλϱøӵǿˡúƧΪȥĲΪǿڲˡ
ҲܵŴҵ棬Լ뷨˵ƧѾǹ˵ӣѸٵȾһĨΣϺϺΡ
ƧҲòεĳϣҶ˵ĶʵֻվҶԼĽǶ˵ģҶ˵Щ飬ƧҲˡֻƧԿ϶Ҷûˣⶼװġ
ˣҲûˡҲ˵ˣҲ˵ˣ˵ҲûãΪû˻ҶʿˣǸƧһ̨ˡڲܰѺƧƵ̫ˣҪƧҪǮ˺ǾͲˡ
СӣôֳôĶҸʲôҪ˵Ҳ⣬˶ټ˵ҽƧҶ˵ĶԣپЩҲûõģԼ۹ҶʣҲû֪ġ
Ƨܿľ͸ıսȸԼȡһЩô˵
ǮҶʮֱֵף˵仰֮󣬾ͰƸ̯ˡ
ʲôǮƧȣʵ֪ҶΪ˸ʲôˡǵ˵ķ⣬ôֱӵĽȥˣǲɵ
ȻҷеĶȻŪȥǮˡϻˣʲô֪ˣ㽻ɡƧװɵҶҲںֱ˵˵ˡ
ΪҶڲºƧҪԼĻֱٺһɤӣкַܶƧġҶռƣҶ˵㡣
Ŷ˵ǮӦõģȥʱӰʲôĶˣУǮڲջһɱˡƧһתѸٵ˶Բߡ
ˣЩԭļ۸õһ㶼ռҾһĳɱˣʣµҡ֪Ƨô׵ľͰǮģҶʿ˵бġ
ûˣõѧԺĽȥˣ缶ˡƧʮֵĹˣΣóȥˣѵȥ
ǺãѧԺڴҵɡѧ˲ٵİɣҶЦ֪ƧҲʲôʡ͵ĵˡû׼ô
ǲ˵ѧԺѧҲǴšǶ˲١Ȼ֪ҶôͻȻһ⡣ǺƧ˵ʮֵĸˣӿģѧԺ˲ٵʵʵڵġ
ҵţҪҹѰɡһҲûѧԺãѧɲĵİɡҲҪģжǲѧԱѧѣ־ͿˡҶһ֪˵ı飬˵һĿɿڴҪծɡ
ôȥҪ㡣ŶûСƧ˲ıףԼ졣
治ҶûЦĶźƧһ㶼ںӡ
治ȻЩĪĺ⣬ЩľǺƧǿӲļš
̸˰ƧҪҵĶÿҡҶߺȻһͼӴһЩ
죬ҸǮѾˣѧУҪЩǮҪôʹӦҪôͼƧţҶûӴһƧͼӾһ֡պƧˣҪˡ
ͶҾߣһŶٵǮͿôءǴҵͷÿӶٵ룬໮㰡ҶЦ˵һʼûҪʲôѵġѵÿʱԼҪһȦ¶ȻʺƧҪǮ
ԣѸղŵҽܼôҶᣬҲùѧԱƧЭˣҶźҪ
ð죬һⶼûС͵ҹǮȻҶ͵ķ񡣡ȻõǮˣҶҲͻһСЦǸϡ
ƧҶʵҪһȭȥôôĿɶ񡣿žġ
ȻѾЭ飬ƧһҲٵİҶҪĽҸҶʡʣһ㵱ǳɱѡʵҶʵķжѾǻȻһˣͲʲôǲҶʸƧһ棬ѺƧ̫ˣȻŹһ˺Ƨġ
飬ǰǰ󣬺Ƨ˵ûʲôġֻ׬Ķٶѣе׬
ҪҶ˵ǹѣúƧľģһʴ밡


420 ƧǺԺ
˳ݵĿУҶ˳õá˶ҶͶذǱƧթҶʸǻڰӺƧǮ
֮ǰ˶ΪƧս̫ǿˣս˵ƽֱҶʣǸݽɫǾȻҶ˵ϷˣһӾҶʼˡ
˳ݵĿ⣬ҶʮֵáһʤϲãҶʺҪװƵ˵һ䣺Ҫʤסеĵ⽣ӰΪ˵Ҳ
ˣǮҲõˡڸð˰ɡҶʵĳƨģƧǷǳĲˬġ뵽Ҷ˵ĳƨȫǸոսԼԼΪҶʵģúƧӵĲˬˡ
İɣȻǮˣôҲҪˡǮ֣İѣ׵ġҶһЩϼһƲסͻȻͱˣǾ鷳ˡ
ҿҶлҪ˵ˡҶʵʾ£սֳ䵱˺Ľɫ㵫ٴѧԺˡ
ݡݡݡݡݡƿʱսĻ䣬ٴεľۼ
ʵȻˣĻһŰԵĻûֹͣȼյġʱʱ̵̿ĶעŶҪһʱͳά塣
ȻûйáҶʾٻˡΪҶ鷳ˣҶޱȵĿ١ˣҶʾͱƧԵˡ
Ҷʣǲֱ۸ˣûϵˡ
ǰҶʡһʼͲӦߵģƷ˵ĲĺƧʲô̸ġ
ǣҶʡ£Ƕ֧㣬Զվһߵġ

ҶǶûӴڣһȺ˾ߴߴһĶϵ˻ʲôһһһ˵ˡ
ȿȣƧûʲôɫҹ㿪˵
Ҷʼ˶͵֣оʵ̫ˬˡһȺƧƧ֪Ҷʼ˾ףȴ÷ǲҵҶʡ
ԭҶûпڣҪЩ˶ɷһᣬһЩƧġǺƧȻǲͷˣûиҶĻᡣ
ʵ಻ġˣҲǴˡڣҶû֮ǰ˵ĺƧûа취ǿƣһӣĿ˵
Ҷʣ¡ǲǺƧֱʲôˡֻ˵Ƕ㡣һˣѵΪһȺôһˣѵӲҶ֪ôҶһ㶣û뵽ҶͻȻĿˡ
Ȼתһ룬˲ˡǴҲڵʱ򣬺Ƨ˵ʲôвҶʵĻˣһӵġ
ұ𼤶ˡʵƧԺǸˣֻûöԷѡûоˣҲҵͬ⣬ǽҵӰҵĶˡҶʹͣһ£Щ˶һ£侲һ£ȻԼĽࡣ
ƺԺǰЩˣȻٸµġԭЩ̫ˡ˵ЩԭǺԺУǮƵġԺǸˣҾͶԭɡ˴ңԲˡҶľһʾԼǸ⡣
Ҷ˵ĻٵģһϹǸǿĳġҶʽЩ˷ĵͬģűȵúƧͷ˵ġ˵ҶлЩⲻȥġ
ԭҾ˵ԺǸԺġһ£ˡ
ǣԺƷŵùġҿҪͻˣҲȥˡ
ǰҶʣ´οҪŪ˲¾һؼҳԷҲһˡ

һȺ˷ԣȻŸָĽڷɿˡ֮ǰû˵ƧĻģҪǺƧǾеܵˡ
ʹı£Ҷʼ˶ĿɿڴģҲ̫ûԭ̫ûй˰ɡ
ҵĽҲޱȰûе㣬ôܻᱻлؼҳԷһʵ벻ڵģˣ˵Ҫȥ㡣
Ҷʸоѹ󽭺ǰˣЩ˲Ű
ҶˣֻҶʼˡҲһˣƧҶʵķȻһˡ
Ҷ͵ʱ򣬻˵ԼûöԷ˽ԾͰҶʵĶƧҲһаԹйȥˣҶʼƽˣȻֲ֪ǳЩʲô߰顣
СҶӣа㡣ƧȻܴϰëġսһѴסҶʵļޱȵ
УֲǵһΡϴСҶҪߵʱ򣬲ҲǴӺƧѹ˲ٵĶƧɫ춼ÿ£ˣһĲмȻҶʵĹԾ


421 ؼң
ҶѧԺ˼죬ֵܼúõľһۣڼҶҲһȥݷһ³ӿ졣ֻǴϵİݷãûбκε˽ģҲòŪʲô۶ӡ
Ȼ˵ʱʱ̵̿Ķ˾գҲڵȤҶʻǸܵ˵˶ŵƣķˮġҲ˵ǲɱ
ÿҶʸеƣʱҶʾͺѧԺ˵ʵûйĶǵģҲҶʹġ˵Ҫöࡣ
ǴʱĻˣҶҲǻزǰˡ˶ڱģΧҲϸ΢ı仯ųɳǵĶҲͲһˣԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ҪöһЩġ
ȻϴҺƧҪǮ־磬ҿҶʵûľηˣҶʵǰǲ̫㣬Ҷʺǲ
Ϣ˼죬Ҷʵ״̬ظ۷ӡּͻ׵ĸоҲԽԽǿˡ
һ죬ĵǲۡҶʲ˵˴ˡûоһЩ飬ûмʶ࣬û֪ø࣬ҶʻһֱѧԺֵһӻһҲûʲôġ
Ǿ̫࣬˽̫࣬ҶʸоѹҲԽ󣬸ǲܾɵȥġǸҶս䣬һֱҶеһĽᡣ
ǴﲻףϲȥҲǰ״֮ǾͻƵףȻȥһɽȥ硣
ҲҶʼ뿪ԭͻƵԽԽǿҶʱľûкúõҶʴȥһϼңȻȥɽչͻơһʱģڿʱȰ
ǰҶʰѽִĸˣԼֻûԺȣ˵Ҷʲôõϡ˻µģҶ⼸˲˵ǽģԺỹȻˡ
ҶһɣҲûдʲôĶװˡҶʱǲϵģ˻ִҶ͵˳ſڣŻָ
ҶˣϢǷһľʹˡ֪Ҷʻˣһֱĵǣǳ׵ķұߣܼ໥ף
ȻǶҶʺ֮ǵģǶﰡҶӰǵʱ䣬ŪʲôϡŹֵĶ

뿪ǣҶʲûڿն𣬶ڵߡҶʵԶӳɽʱ򣬾ڵߣٶҲǿ쵽˼µġ
һʮ׵ľ롣Ҷͽţǰ߹·ϡоǽȻͬģֻΪ˶ܴϵĳͷ뵽ٻʱĳɾ͡
Ȼ˵ܰ£һǺеֵġһǿߣҶҲбĻᡣ
ҶȻͬ·ǷŲͬġҶʲûֱɽķߡǾ㣬ķȥ
ûɽ֮ǰҶʵļңȻª븸ΪҲʮֵůȻҲܹٵĴίҲʲôˣ̣һЦ
Ҷʼӿ˽ŲɽڷɿˡĹҶڻصǺ͹ȥһλƫƧûʲô̫ı仯̸ϷȻҲʮֵļª
ҶӪ㣬ЩСɣѾг˵ˡǱȲٵͬ˶Ҫ߳һͷˡ
ҶһĻۣӵʯ·ϡҶߵüĴΧһСöණѾ仯ˣǻвٵĶˣĶЩʱĺۼˡ
һȺڵ׳˶Իľʳǹ϶ŲٵʲôҰҰҰ¹ʲôģȻջСҲǳ걩ɹԵЩڣֱϵļ߸ߵĹ𣬳СԶԶЦֵҲԶԶĴˡ
ţ磬ÿθջǲСġ
ǣţ磬ָմˣԼԲôҰζġ
ţ磬ô˵ˣ
ȺĺӿеţѾӽˣǿ׳һǳ׳ʿĶֵġϽƢ˲٣ϲٴ޵ĹǶкøС
ʱţȻˣƽʱûмġ
ûʲôǿһˣһЩ顣ţҡҡͷЩʵʡǸ˶ѾȥˣķˮģӦǲˣǿˣ̫æ˰ɡ


422 һЦ
ţСʱ򳣳۸ҶʵǸţôãҶѾˣòҲ˺ܴı仯ֻϡЩСʱܹõ
ڸţļ׳꣬ҲСʱţհĺʱ顣Ҳˣ˺ܴı仯
ȻǸѾ˺ܾˣǹǸ˵ϢǲʱĴ涼˵Ҷ˲ˣ˴ˣԺǷݵصˡ
ûʱСʱͳ۸ҶʵһȺӾͻܵд˵һٰۣǺΡ
»ԤϰСʱ챻ţ۸Ҷʣҡһ䣬һ˲֪˲ʿǸʲôӦ˶˻ʣĳɾע˲ò˵ġ
ţûʲôʣҲûʲôԹȻЩƽʱӳǶСʱͬһӵҶʸеˣϾСˣ˼ȽϵԶԶûʲôǳνļĸӡ
Ҷʵ߽ҲǷҶʡֻǴҶʵ·Ͼ̫ڻˣ·ǻûмġǵ۹ƣҶʵӵʱһȺ˶ɻˡ
ɻˣôҶʳôơȻҶҲǳˣüϡܿСʱӡ
ţ磬˵ľɣôҲϤˣͺǳ˵ҶƵáۼļһ￴ЩزסСߵţ硣ϾҶڵӣԵһرʣǲòСĶԴ˶Է
ҶЩɻ󣬻Բ׼ЩûףǱôһ˵ȻҾȷˣ˿϶ҶʡȻŲһˣûСʱ·üʵ̫ˡ
㡭͡ŶҶô˫߽ˣţ׳ŵӣĿʵ
ҾҶʡţɡԶԶľͿǣϴΣûпڡҶҲͣ˽ŲŶԷ¶ϵ΢Ц
ʵҶʵЩ˶ϲ٣ЩܿҶʵӣҰҶϳҶôῴţءСʱûٱ۸ġ
棬㰡ڿ˲ãﶼڽ㣬˵ˡţԵЩţЩнЩŲ
ҿûгʲôˡڴ½ֻײʿ滹ĿµǿߡҶ΢΢һЦûʲôӡ
˵㱾£ܻԼļҫģ׵ˣҶġЩʲô£ܸɳôҪôᣬҶʻ˵ı¡
ˣҶڲǰȻ˵һŸ㡣˵һǻģ˰㻹ľͻˡǰլӷ׼˽ȥȥɡţһʱҲҲʲôҶ˵ȻͻȻҶսһΣǡţţ˵һЩţεļסˣⲻһҶʾˡ
ллͻȥҶͻȻЩ׾ȻһʲôҪҪԼ
ãлСʱСʱǲԣ㲻ҪϡţϽˣܹҶʵĵлȻЩΣЩ˼˵
Сʱ˭ûֵءȥˣҲ÷ϵġҶ΢΢һЦȻеĲ˼ƾţ˵С
ȻҶһʧ˼˵ǰ˱ŵţˡ
ţֻоޱȵȣůģޱȵȻ嶼ӯ˲٣Χĸ֪Ҳ˲١
ţ硣ʲôóͻȻһУűˡ
ţͷһϹȻһڵ֬ɢŶתͷһ˶ˣһһһĶ
ҶʸոհǸѣҿǾӯ˲٣˲١˵ֶΰţ˸̾Ҷʵĺø˲١ԭΪҶʻһٵģϾСʱûٱ۸ҶȴûôＸ˸塣
٣˵Ҷ治Ǵôıˡ˵Ҫ˵ţΪҶţ벻ٵϵĶܡҶʻţʲôı꣬᲻ţҲֱӳأ˼ЩΪţеֵ
֪㡣˶û鷳һЦˣô㻹űġؼϴȥˡţҲ⣬һЦ˵ļȻżȥ


423 Ҷսţ
˵Ҳ޵ķʸҶսˣ˵ǸҶһš̫Ӷ֪ġ
ҶսʱҶʻСʱȫͬġȻǿԵǿֲƾϹӶܹӦġÿ˶Ҷսɰ
ҶǶʱѾЩˣϵҲ֪ˡǵĹУѾɰҶʵҶս϶Ǹɡ
ҶʶôǿˣҶսҪͨĶЩˣҶʸòϡǾͿ϶Ǻ˵ıĹ
ȻҶսߺһȺĵĻҪҶʵլҶȫţֹˡţǿ׳ԶԶһСܹġ
˵Ķôõȡģǹţһأû¶òҶսĶˡȻһʱ󣬴Ҳͷˡ
Щţû˵ģҶҲǲ֪ġ
ҶʿٵլӵǰȻ궼û˾סԵЩƾˡȴһ㶼࣬ûʲô̫Ļҳţǻᶨڵϴһεİɡ
ҶĬĬĵһллȻլӲֵʲôǮҶʵͯȹģҶʵ̫࣬ҲҶʵ̫ࡣĸ׾ǲⷿеģԼھ֮ǰҲ븸Ϊꡣ
仹Ǹӣûʲô仯Ŷľˣţ˽ȥңŪİɡ
ҶʺĲľ壬ƿ˷š
֨ѽѾҪķŷŷŵĴ򿪣лҳ¡лǵĿҲҶʲû̽ȥվãȿˣŻ˽ȥ
ȻɾǱϾŶˣźĻҳˡĻһĽӡҶʿſˡ
Ҷһ۾ͿˣһŽӡ϶ǸҶսġǽӡĴСнӡǰŸӡǳǴ˵ġ
ͬһҳϣһŷ⾲档Ҷʿ첽ǰС
ŷûʲôĶֻд˼֡Ҷ
ҶСĵĴŷ⣬ȡ۵ֽûʲô̫ķϻֻǼ̵˵ˣԼҪȥһˣһҪ죬ҶԼչ˺ԼΪ֮ûԱ֮ʱ򣬲Ҫȥ
żݵ˾ͽˣûйҶսôһףڿͷϹôôİ㣬ôôĶáһֱԼķʽҶʣȻżϲûʲôݡ
ҶʻǸܵҶսĵǣûа˵öôϸҶʵġҲǵҶʳ嶯֮ʲôɵ顣
żݺ̣ܶҶʺܿľͿˡȻ󻷹һܡªӻѧԺסʲôһ۾ܹ
ҶĹ۲죬εķ֡ԼĸʲôûˣŷҲûˡ˷ǣҶҲûȤȥˡ
뿪ʱ򣬻ǰӶһ顣ȥʱҶʿ̻һЩƣӶСΪ˷ҲûʲôֵǮĶ
ҶʳɳĵطҶʺм壬Ҷʲ´λʱ򣬷Ѿ໵ˡ
ҶͻȻ뿪ҲͻȻûӴκˡʼնֻţ˷Ҷʻˣǲ֪ҶǺʱ뿪ġ
ǳϴ֮󣬻˸ɾ·˸ոԻζ˵Ҷʳһ١ӱһ͵УҶҲʧˡ
Ȼ֪ѾһϵˡҲǶʱ飬ҲˣôĽԶȥˣԽԽԶлЩʧġһεļˡ
ҶȥĵطѾȥˣûʲôǣˡҶʴʱֻ뾡ĸϻɽȻٵԼķḻľȻȡһͻףٽ硣и׵Ϣиոձӽȥģ֪ˡ
ͻҶǺĵġԴϴ뿪ǣһ·Ͼ˶ٵսҶʶûкúõľġͻƵˣһֱһ㡣
ҶţֻҪԼʱľˣǾһ׵ĸ߶ȵġսһءȵףҶʾ֮ϵ켶ľһǿһս
ˣǲҪ硣ҶʶǼеҪøǿսġڴ·ϻ죬Ҳü޵ġ
׵ΪҶʶ֪˶ٵ켶ǿˡв֪ٵǿڰй۲죬ȴŸҶһѵġ
һ뵽ЩҶʾ͸оѹɽ󰡣


424 ػɽ
ȻѾˣôɽ·ҲͲԶˡҶʴլֻСʱ͵ɽķΧˡ
֪ǲǴɽǰθ˲٣ɵĸ߶ˡҶʵļеɽҪ˲ٵġ
ΪҶʵ۹ҲǸ˲١ڲΪɽԶԶĴʵʵãɽһĪУѹһˣǿе۵һ
Ҳһֱʢ˥ģ¶ŽһԭɡȻܴôãôӰȷʵƽ޹ʵġ
ҶɽɽµĴŴߵúر
ҶȻûп⣬ҲʮֵǿʮֵرġɽֵĽҵʿǽŵУҶǹҵġȻˣǿ϶ǻеĳʱϲٵĿͷġ
ʣҶʣҪ̲סߺ˵ʿͻȻ˺ЩϤⶨһԽԽƣ׳ŵӴѯʵ
ҾҶʡɽôҶҲûΪǣ֤ʵԼݡҶҲˣҪԼڵĻʿǻ̺˵İɡ
ڵģڵġϺöǰ˵ܻˣû뵽ı˵ˡСҶӣǺģմĹ⣬һĶ˲١ɽʿǼͲûһ˵ҶʵĻˡ
ҪǺúҲģþûбҸҶҲ֪˵ʲôشɣԵ̫䵭ˡҪǹһЩЩ˻᲻ԼţҶҲ鰡
˵ñ˺úҶĵЩ졣ɽʿȫͳ˼ҶʵϲˣҲûȥ롣
Ҷʸò񻰵ʿǷҪҶɽ顣Ҷʳ˱˱ȭǵȻ̧žɽȥˡ
һɽÿһξ룬ʶõĽƵġֻҪɽɽЩƣɽϸϹŶͶܹ֪
һɽҶʸ֪øÿһƵʱ򣬾ܸоʶԼͷβ̽һ顣
Щϸϸ̽飬Ҷʳ˺棬򿴿Ҷʵ׵һôĳ̶ˡеǼһ㣬ոսӴҶʵϢȻ˻ȥǲԸҶĽӴһ㡣
ڱ˸֪ʱҶҲܹͨʶĲϳ̽ˡɽϴ˲ٵʱ䣬Ҫ˵ҩȾҪҩ˵Ըϰ߰ʲôȻôߵĳɹʡ
ȻѾ뿪˺ܾˣҶʻıϳ˲Ϥʶڱϳ˵ʱڱ˷ɿĵ˵ʱҶʵʶȥһ
Ҷʶĵʶ˵棬Լʶϸϸ̽һ¸ԵҩǰѲٵزϹŶŵòᡣ
һȺҲҶǱǿˣøӵǿҶʲûҶʵԸЩûб䣬ҶʻǰǸɽϵƤҶʡ
Ҷһߣһ߶ϤǰкŪһȺҪ˵һЦݣЦһСӡ
Ȼǵĸ磬ҶʵٶȲţҶʵҲҲʲôزصˣҶڿշɽƽԭȥ
⣬¿⣬͹ٲһô
ֺţóԲҪǮ
Ǻ«Ǻ«Ǻ«

ɽϵļô֣ǺͼеǸһ˵ҶʵͯȿǶʱ䣬ǿɬġһɽҶʵͯͱˡ
ΪҶʵ츳Ϊ˽Ҷ֮ǰҲ߶СĺһɵĶҶʮֵķݣֱ簮ֻҪҶʷʲôԭµĴһ㶼ֻ˵Ҳˡ
ºҶʻᰲһʱ䣬ʱһãҶʾָˣһĵƤԴˣֻΡ
ӦΪҵݣҶʲˡϴҩһ·ġҶзִ磬ϴٵĶһЩֲҩĵģҶˡЩаģҶʿûȥ˹ǵҩϴҩһЩȥ
ҲҶִ֪磬ڱ˵ǵ°ܻԾץҶʣҲֻǹؼĽգˣְųˡ
Ҷϴҩģ˳֮⡣żҲʱ򣬾ͰҩóЩС̷һЩʳ
ԴҶʿִ˲ƣС̷ҲҶղĽס


425 Ҷʶ˵ã
Ҷʻˡ½϶ͷʢģҶʻˡϢҲ֪ôĲֶˣǷһѸٵĴɽ
ʵϣӵġҶʻڴϸ̾¡ȻҪһ¶ʱζȻȥ˳ꡣȻͱϳˡ
ǵģҶʸոǰոտڵʱ򣬾ͱĵϰϳˡ
Ҷʳȥһңλöûб䣬ڵĸְʲôĶûб䣬ö˶һֱӡҲأҵĳҶʳ˶˵á
ҶʾǳʺСʱȥҵȥġҶʶôˣΪʲôᱻһ¾ϳô
ӵġΪ⣬Ĺ˿͡ҵڿʼ·ϿʼҶʵϢʱ򣬾ץס̻˰ҶʵĸʱڵĻ񶼸ˡ
ҶʸոɽޱȵʱĻ񡣻Ҷű飬һҸڳһҶðϴһҩһѪһѵҩȡǣȻҶʴսʱ򣬻һץһ
ҶʶԴޱȵΣЩ졣˰죬Ҳֻҩһ㡣һѪԼǺܹչ˵ĺòãﱻˡ˵ˣҪôѪȰҩ˻ǳɵҩ
űԳģҶʶˣСʱûôݹսҲԳģ
Ҷܲ˵ǣЩȻûйҶáǳ̺صİޱȵ塣Ҷʻɣ⻭ǳζˡ
ҶǮˣȻٸɳҩĹˡڽϰǮʱ򣬱ϰϳˡ
ҶʣҾ˵ҵĳҶϲԵģŸջҶʾҵĳˡϰһУּϸģܲˣҶʵǮǮˡ
ҶҲҪˣץתܡڵϰͬʱҶʸܵ˲֪ٵĿˢˢĿԼҶܲˣһļƤ񣬷ҲƵˡ
ҶʣǴСԳô
ҶʣΪʲôôϲԳأ
Ҷʣϰ˵ܴΪؼʱĳһٰնµġ

ҶˣȺں׷ţҴĺš̫ҪҶ֤ȻҲҪϸĹ۲һ£һСӣѾ½֪˵Ҷʣڵ׳ʲôˡ
ҶˣϰԼ֪£˵Щʲôʲô߰ģ˳ŴܵؼʱóĻࡣ
Ϊɽϵı仯Ҷʺɵľҵ˴ϵĿɽԵĸۡûüͨҶʾֱ˽ȥ
ŵĺƺƵȺⶼ֪˼ֵˡҶʽ˳ϸŷˣȻתԭ·ˡ
ԳϰĻ˴롣Ҷܵʱ򶼻᲻öڱ߳ԱܵôҶʳԹ˳ǱܱͻȻô
ҪҶ֪˵Ļһѳϰһ٣ⶼԼĹԵĨڳ˸ʲôˡԶӦΪͻȻ٣Ϊûˣܿ·˺òá
ҶʻվԺУ֪ߡⶼûͨԼͽˣһǺûòڶǲ֪ԼҪҵڸеʲôط
СӣɣüˡϵͬʱеķԶĴˡ
ϣԲסˡոҵȲͨġҶʺٺһЦһŷȥһ߿ڽ͵
ýˣϰˡСӣСʱͨʹ˵ĴٵôеĴҲ⣬ЩϷҲЩΡ
ǲǻСô᲻¡ôʦץסСӲأҶЩΣȻǰΪһ͵͵ܽѴϵĺӸ˴ġǴΰҶսŵðҲû˵ʲôô֮ˡ
һ᲻°ȥҲûǻİɡһι涼ܵ״ˡԵǲţֽһҶʵϵס
˵⣬ҲǲòҶʵı¡ȥʲôطܱŪüɹġɽˣˣȥսҶʸˡҶʴĵطֻҶ԰ֵʱɡ
ȥ硣˵⣬ҶʵЩˡŻ󿪣ǲǿĹͺڰ񣬻ûйһֱڸնԻĶʡ͵ĵơ


426 ɽ
Ҷ֪ˡϵƽʲô
Ҷһ㶣ȻȻˡҲǣĵλڴ½ʲôϢǲ֪ءҵм¸Ź뿪ˣ϶ǻеĹעһеġ
Ǳ磬ⶼѾһʱǰˡҶ;һЩʱ䣬ġҪô飬ô嶼ûյϢĻҲ̫˵ȥ˰ɡ
㲻ѹģҶ˼οڣǰҪ˵Ļ˵ˡҶǸﲻסˣ˵ﲻ
ûнӴãȻͱŪȥˣҶʶЩǵġûһ㶼ĵİ
ѹġСӾȻôĥ䣬ôòŻϿҶʺǲˬҪ֪ǸոձŪʱ򣬴ϾѾܵҶʵİΣˡ
֮ҶʱһȺ켶ǿ׷ŵܣǰѴϸŻˣҶʳʲô⡣Ҫֻ֪ҪҶʱ䣬Ҷǿ϶ܳɳġδʢı֤
ôĻûôĵġʵԶģҪ涼˵飬ϹҲǰ״һæǰﲻϵġ
˵ˣ֮ǰҲһֱɽҲûмġӴ˼ΣҲû̫ĸ飬ֻǾжһǿĿɽ
ôһ£֪Ķǿ߶ŪȥˡЩδ֪Ĵɽеĺǣħһ˼ġһҲǲģ½ϲǻص֮ǰ״̬
Ǿ첻Ի켶Ƕ졣ڽڵ˵ûжôӰ졣ֻľûдٽԺ½ңҪҶЩٵĳɳ
λҵĿģܲµһЩģֲеĳӣȫĲ²ȷ˵һ£˳ҽɽ飬ģû֪ĶġҲҶʷϻֱӿѯԼҪ˽ġ
ҶʷŰۣЩǰǰ󶼲֪˶ٱˡҶʻһ£ԼϵеģǼԼҪһΣԼҲҪһΡҶʾ;÷ĺƧˡ
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ҶʵĻҲǳһɽ̫ˣ֪ģ¾ֻħһЩˡҶʴ˴ξһĽȥ˽⵽Ҳֻһˡ
Ҫͻ׵飬֪ˡ˵Щ쳣ӦǽҪͻƵףһŸûкġҶʽ֮۰Ͱ͵ԼϿһɤӣȻ󿪿˵
ûˣҶһ㶣ȻԼΪûϵΣҪ˲ٵģľȥʲôĻġǴʲôܽԷԣ
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ʵ硣ҶһĺߣϵĲͬҶ綼֪ˡÿ˵ĵͬһҲͲһƸǲһ
Ҳ֪ӡ̫ھԶˣ޼ɲ顣ֻ֪Ըתʹ壬ҲǱгˣٶȻܿ죬һŲ֪ˡϰһȻҶʹȻǶġ
ʵͲµҶʻȥģ϶Դ˼Ȳ֧ҲԵġ֧֣Ҷȥ˳ԿҲҪɳ˵ڲǾҶʾ˵飬ǺٻᱻıġȻ֪޷ıҶʵľˣǻԸ
ǺðɣҪһĵطҪסҶʷ˷ۣΪڴܶ˽һû뵽Ҳǲ֪ġ
ҲϻֱӾʹӦĺõط廹еģϵͻƵ켶ʱҲͻƵġ
վ˼ӡӡʵԵķӡ˽µĵϡ
гһµĴ󶴣һһڵʯ·ڸոմ򿪣͸оŨԪҶʶ̲סһ
ÿһξ룬˵ʯϾͻһŴҹ䵱ĵƻ͵Ĺâ˴еÿһĽ䣬˵ԵúڰҲûĸо
ҶǿĿɿڴģôû뵽ϸлһضڲصùİ


427 صأ
еصеصأ˳ţûм֪ġÿһ˶ѾĲ˵ȥ˵ǿʢĸ棬ǰ֪Ҳġ֪ͺˣҲҪ˵ȥҶʵĿ⣬ϵĿڵǸҶʽһ£ͬҲǾҶʡ
İɣҵͿǺܽģ֤͸¶ֳȥġҶ˵ǿһĭһģ˵ͻĿ⣬ҶҲǸϽ˱֤Ȼ治֪ͷ᲻Լ˵ˡ
ߣϣ˵߰ɡһȻѾҶʵǰչ¶ˣǿ϶Ҷ˵ˡҶʵ컬࣬ôЩ
ҶͷȻ첽øڴϵ󣬲֪ʲôطֵͷˡ
˻ȥ˽֮ѿĶֿٵĺˣһ˿ķ϶ͬʱһƳ֣һеϢҶʶǲ̽鵽ĶϢ
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ȷʵǹģҲֻôǿĵ̰ɡսôãҶȥôΡҾðɣǵսǶǲǵɽġǹ˵ǿǲԶˡҶ˴϶ضƳ磬Ͻƨ
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ҶڨڨһЦϽտڣҲ˵ˡΪҶʷˣԼڲ˵ʲô϶ǻᷴġ
ˣˣҲҪ˵ҪȫעģȻд鷳ֵġ˴ϰ׵ӣͻȻ˵
ͨɽʯҲ֪ж೤ǰȿͷͷҲʱˡɽкԳһռһŲ󣬵ǲ֪жôĿ
˴ϵĻҶʸϽĽĸţҲǰŵľˡΪҶ˴е࣬ڿЦ
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ҶںĸţҪ˵Ǵǰ˵˵ˡҶ˵ҶҲûпաϽµĲʮֵرŤŤģҶʸţԼŤˡ
ҸӦһϸ˵ĽƣȻڲƽǾ˵ҶʵĺëҪˡƵϢҪһġҪôֲ˲µĽƲЧ
Ҳ֪˶ãȻӡ÷ɿ죬һۻңҶķ֣ٶȻˣҴϵĺͱˮʪˡȻԴ˵Ҳʮֵɡ
ҪĲٵԪʱԵĳƣҪŷǳѹҪŪһ㣬˵ҪҶʶˡǴûиҶʵģҶʽŵʱҡ
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ǰޱȵ鷳ϴҶѾܳʱˡ˫зɳķӡǰΧĿռ䶼ӡˣǻûм˿ͣٵһ˿
ȥһͺȣ˫гһӡӡԳ֣֮ǰϵӡǻ˹һתŰзʽǰӡȥ
һ߲ʵĹ⻪ǰģĿռһ޴Ŀտɽǰ
޴ɽǶõҹ飬ɽ硣ɽкܼ򵥣һжǾ͵ȡģʯͷ̳ɵʯʯʯʯܡ
һпôĴֿôԭʼ
Ψɽеһž޴ĹţޱȵģرϢת
ҶЩʧΪһɽˮҩصԴû뵽ǳһʯͷҶ˲ľЩʧȥ¡
ˣûΣˣ߽ȥɡϵĿ˵ҶȤȱȱӣֱһ
ԼǷȫðΣձҶʸˡû뵽СӺ񻹲飬һӡҪҶʶ·ĳ嶯ˡ
Ҫ֪صءҪ֪õĻ֪˻Ž


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ۣɽصءǴǵ֣ҲֻĴӵСƺǷ˴ϵɫܲãҶʸϽһľ̾˵Ǽ˶ô棬ô˼һ
ٷϻҽȻƺˣ˻ȻĴƣǽеɱ㻹ǱܲİɡҶʵĻϵɫӵĲÿˣŻҶʡ
ʵֻҪƱˣͲԶĺϵġɽеȫȥȻֻԶı
ֻǴʵܲҶˣİ뷨ʵʵжҶʰڵϱһˡ˭ﾪʱǹȵġ˭˾ĶʱԵЩмЩȤȱȱġ
û̾Ͷ֣ǶǴϵƢõˣĲҪǻƢɲôõĴָҪ쭡
˴ϵĻҶʸϽ˽ȥĽ̾ҪɱƵáո̤ɽڲҶϵĲмʧˡ
ŨճĵزԴԴĳ˽µĵ档شĲ쳣ĻԾҶʵĸ֪ĸ֡
ҶʲòϣԼСʯͷΪҵܵأôʵ÷ӡԾӦеļֵġ
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񲻵òϣҶʵļʶ˲٣ͨĶ˵ʵסҶʵġ
ϴɽһʱиߴϵģ˵ҶΪҶʽɽǼƳġܱһ׵ǿôƳ磬Ǻǲġ
ԭҪʶһˡҶͻȻȻһֱţɽϵҶʡ
ʱһܵľҶʡҲûоʲôģܰҶʾɳҲǷǳġ
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ǣǷĴʲôҶɻˣ˰죬ûϽйذǾ޴Ĺ顣
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˭ɽġɽǺ巢ֵģǹһֱˡŲûãȻû˹ˡҲǺˣһֱڡϷ˷ۣҶʿʲô˵֪ͿҪ˵
ҶޱȡΪɽҲǺսһӼҺ͹ԼҲԼˣû뵽ɽҲܹҶʣԼˣ¶кܶ඼֪İɡ
Ҷڿնǹȥһеһ͸Ǹʵ壬ȴԡҶ֮£Ҳֻǰѹ΢΢İݶѣƻ
⣬̺ſֲ֮ǶǱ˵ģûзֺй¶Ҳǿгȡһ˿
Ҷо˰죬ûʲôֵȻҲͷˡһԿţҲûгֹû˵滹ʲôΣյġ
ˣԼúõҾȳȥˡƲգ֮󣬻ԶļϼûʲôˣýĶˣȻת뿪ˡ
˶֪ǣһֱ֪жôõʷĹһһ˿춯һ˿âͬɫĹ⻪һţǿߵ˫¶⡣
ûʲôǹ⻪ҲǿңâͬɫҶ϶ѡ
ͷˣˡԴɽ֮ʾҶʵС
ʵĻ˵ǾЩ˼ǾʶʵȴŪûĺҴϣ첻µزµҲһֱҶʵС


429 ؼ䣡
ƽղ첻µزµģСүҵķ緶ôôˣʳˣҶʺٺٵЦ
֪ʲôҪҶţܽصôǺõطֱɸɽһȦ档
УžͶҶ֪ɽ֪˵ˣͷˡҾͷֹһεĶҵ俴ͣˡҶһ㶼棬ֱӾʹʵĻѻ
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ҶһԼûӵ⣬ʾóԿӮ˵ĶԼԹϵĻˡ
ҶҲ磬Լ֪ҲˡֻԼʣӲӮҲûʲôá
һҪָ׵ΪȥǵĴ϶һġѹҲзݵģܵؼȡһԪҲ޿ɺǵġȻûа취ӰҶʵ˼ģ·ˣ˾״˵ֻȡһԪǿҧгݵģӣҶ滳ɣǴŰ˵עɡ
ҶҡҡͷȥʣץʱԼΪҪġڰˣǿǲܵİɡҶǿЩŵɽɲôļ򵥵ġ
ԭ£Ҷʲȥʣܿ׳ԺеѸٵ붨ˡ
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ħɽеżɽЩơűϵĲͬħɽеɽȻҲǲʮֵԡֻһشĲųһд
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Ҷʿ˳ڸԵķд˸ոջصвõĴںȲϢ
һݣס˵棬ܹ͸ɽ壬ֱɽڲһƬ֮ԳҡҡͷԼոմҶʽɽ̫ˣⶼ˻þˡ
ҶҲһû뵽˵ľܿҶʾͶԴʧȥȤʶɢķ
Ҷʵʶɽİ£ķɢӿһֱӵ˷ԲǧķΧֹͣ
ʱĸоɽΧĴУԴԴϵԪڱļȡɽУ۵ɽСÿһضȡĲ࣬ΧĻ첻ʲôӰ졣ǼȡķΧ󣬷Χ㣬ϸ˿Ԫ۵һͳһƬԪ
һֻްĲҲǱɽţҶʸӦƬ̣ŷ֣ӦþǱ鲼ؼĴֻɽн˴󲿷֣ɽΧĿռеĴƬҪϡ˲ٵġ
ҶʻջʶʼͷĹȤʶɽİ£Źȥ
һ¾ûô˳ˡҲʲôΧĴƺ۶ԭѾɽºޱ˵ƺۣ˿ȴͻȻǵһ㣬Ҷʵʶϡ
ҶʸоʹϽ


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Ҷ¾ȴˡڻļȡԪܲĴ·޸Լ˳ĴӡͻȻоԭº͵·ͻȻ絶ʺܲˡ
ȵ۾ɻĴΧһеʱ򣬷ʲôûб䣬ʲôǸӵġһе춯ͻȻʧˣǸӵĸ㲻ˡĿһۻǽ˫۵Ҷʣֹ±۾
ҶȫĳԼУвκε̽Լĵ·Լѧ
֮УҶǾսսҲйΡÿս˵һʱĲƸҶʴ˲٣Ųͬĸ򣬻˷ḻʵսľ顣ЩǮ򲻵ģҲ˵ܹġ
Ҷ˵һʷĲƸúܶ˶ĽʺޣҶΪʲôҶĽҶʮַḻԭ
ʶöˣ˽öˣ򵽸࣬ĵ·Ͼܹߺܶ·ҲǳսʿҪֻ֪ͨʿսǿԭ
ս֮Уһ˲ɲǣǿҵĴ̼£һܹ޵һܶȻȰȫֻ֮ҪΣʱĸ͸Ϊսкܴ
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Ҷ˿ٶȣ츳ʳȺ֮⣬ǷսҲҪõġҶûսһΣȻޱȣǴսΪġ
ҶһһʽԺзݣȡ侫ȥɣϵԼĽɱ֮
ʿ˵òǾԵĲԪֱӺġҶʲͬ˫ֻҪǱҶʽˣûʿܹҶʳʱľġ
Ҷʻ˺ܴĹȫİѾսһ顣ǿɱУҶʶΡʽҶҲĥ˺ܾáЩĶҶʶܼ򻯾ͼ򻯣һרԼϰߵġһõģһʺҶʵģҲҶɱġ
Ҷʳһǻгɫʵ岻ʶȴϵΧҶܣɢؼ䡣
ҶʵҲǱһƬ貵Ľ⣬ޱȣޱȵҫۡ϶һ塣
Ҷı仯ҶʵĽɫҲеĸ˳һƬɫҡҷɢ˲ԡʵ࣬ŵ
еһжʵ˲٣Ӿơһ룬ҶʵǴ͸˳ȻŰеĹ˹ȥ
Ҷʶ޿κεĹ򣬾Ȼ͸ˡ˳Ÿ뱻ȡ˳עҶʵСޱȵ㣬¶˷ܵĲ
ʱǹ˱仯һɾԿֲϢֱ˸롣ȻѰŸķ򣬿ٵҶʵķɽѸٵĽһı˪ɭޱȡ
ºޱȵĴ·ʱҲնɱһеĵѸٵҶʳ
Ҷʵĵг飬ٵĵǳĵ֮ǰ΢΢𶯣¶һƵرͣƬ̵ĳ֮ѸٵķֻˣһƵشµıƽºµĻظģǴû¶ʲô
ԵЩ£ʵٸҴǹעˡ
һҶʶ֪Ҳʲôûз֣о쳣ǸйȫͻȻסˡʶɢʲôӦ۾ʲôƬˡ
ʸϽߵҶʣҶûʲô֮ŷ
һһôľ붼ʲôûиӦ˵ġɽϵûôˡǿֲֵһɲǣɽ˲һ˪˶̱ڵء
ǴҲǲ⣬ǿϣû¸ڵϵˡ
һ˲Ϣô϶ԼҪ֫ˡ嶼еƬضԿһ˲ϾԼͺǹؼһֻϣԿҲ𷴿ġ
Ϣÿ죬ȥҲ죬ö˶ΪǴɽѸٻı˪ϽһεεıˮΣôҶ֪ղһǶôʵ


431 ԪҺ
Ҷʴʱʱأոս飬ֻеһʡһҲͬĿ£˵ķ
ǵϵĴҶһǿҶ֮ǰɽУֻǼ򵥵ʩչһ飬ֻ˵ܹģĴĹеľЩ̾Ͳ͸ġҪЩʱ򣬻ԼĶ
һȺ׶ǿߣܹΪǿĹô׾͸ġǶľ򣬻жԴĸӦС˵ǵĵӰǸԵĵľ֡
ҶʷȥӦѾӡϵݡȻȥӦһζεӡÿһεϸ΢ĲȥӦһֵ
ҶôҪȥ߱˵ĵֻҪÿһ͸ȻС˵ǿõģҪʺԼĲܷӳЩߵĶ·ӵģҶϲ͵ȥģ°ɡ
ҪǺڰоԶ㲻ùȥʩչڰľаɡܲʩչ֪ȿ϶ǷԼԼһľѧ
˵ľҶ˵ޱȵѵġҶΪҲߣԴĸӦҲԶԶûдﵽǵĳ̶ȡⱾǲʵģ˵ȥЦҲһŵġ
ǲò˵ҶʵĵӴҲò˵Ҷܵľ˵ġ
ӴΪ˵صԪ쳣ĳ棬Ҷȫܹȡ壬Ȼģתһһġ
ҶҲȥȻֿٵɢ
Ҫ˿ˣһᾪӶɳתǿҲԼܲˣȱġҲֻҶʸôɣҲֻҶôɡ
˵ҶãܵľˡΪҶȵõżʶԽòɲһСԴҶʵõһֱҶʵеת
תһáתֱ׾٣³ġֻԪ㣬Ҷ޷תǷӲġǾû˹ӣԼԼġ
Ҷʲ֪һжڲ֪ͽˡ
ҶСĵã֪ƣתҲ֪ת˸ǧΣҶתڸ˸оӲ׵ĸоԽԽ죬ԽԽȻһ˿ҶʵԼĶصˡ
Ҷֹͣ˶ооҲоȻˡܶԴи򣬲Ȼǲˡ
ҶҲźѾͦõˡӣ˫вƳʲôһ˿͵Ϣкܴⶼջ
ʱҶʵѪҺеķѪпٵıӿž˵̺СѪܵÿһεսһ㷢ÿһε͸оǿ࣬Ѫܶһ֡һĻѪҪһ㡣
ѪҺڵͬʱҶڵԪҲǳ׵ıˡҶʵתٶȶʱھ˼£
죬ħս
һҶûľûк£ԵúƽɫŵЦݡһ֪ǽҪͻƵˡʱ˵ľң˵ǿңҶʶûа취ǿеѹסˡ
ȻҶҲûҪѹסġ˴ΪͻƵġֱԼˣͻƵļų֡ҶʶͻƵֵ̫ˣҪһʼǸõġ
ҪڸʱͻˣǻԸӸΪȥиܱ֡
Ҷʺܿľ˦еȥ߰ġܶ޷ͻƵ׵ģԼǿҵףò˵ȥ϶кܶ˶ҪֻԼİɡ
ͻƵ׳֣Ԫʵı仯ǰ̬ԪҶʵԪڳˣǻòˡǻ޷ǿеڰ̬ԪѹҺ̬ġ
ʱ̬ԪҺ̬תסתԪ࣬϶һ㵭Ľɫˮ
Žɫˮĳ֣Ҷԭ˵ĵҲճࡣڴʱɽԪԴҶҪȥȡԪе壬ԶȡԪģʼҶڵԪﵽһ͵״̬ﵽһ㡣
˳ԪҶڵѹҲ˲ٵġ̬ԪڿٵԪҲڻҺ̬ת䡣
Ҷʲģûκεĵȴš


432 ׽
䡱һ죬Ҷʵڷ˷츲صı仯ںĽɫѹ£һνɫҺҶʵĵгˡ
һνɫҺĳ֣նһ£ؼ󳪣ֺƴħϵҶʸоһӳԼϡ
һ类𶯣еߵĴڶӦһĶӳ˯б˹ÿһ˫Ƭǿգÿһ۾ж˸ǵĹâһ̣˫ɻĬĬĸӦƬ̣ʲôûڵסˡ
ҶʼͻƣɽˡǿߣֻҪͻƵģͻʱĸ򶼻ᱻɽеĿռġƽʱԻȴͻƵʱٳ֣һٹȥ֣ͬʱġº˵ĸ
ɽгһӰÿһɵصƣޱȡǴġӰʵ壬ǲʶ
ҪҶ۵Ļһǻ֣ᷢһӰȻа˾ŷֵʶ˵һģһӦʱͻƵӰ¼˰ɡ
ҶڽҪĹͷڵԪȫѾҺٴεȴٳٵûһ仯ףҶޱȵĽʲôѵͻʧôڵԪѾȫʱ䣬ʧ˵ӡҪ˵ûʧܣΪҶֻǾԪӵĻȴûʲôʵԵսĸоҪʧˣһͻƵʲôʱ
һ̣еĴ·ʼӽҶʣİҶʸסʱ׼̻ҶʵĸеκۼҲһƹâעҶʵڣҶʵ忪ʼ˽һı仯
ǹоȻһδƬҶʵڣͬʱ׼ġҶĴ·ˣǽӽ
ɽѿˣʵ˲ͱܲصĻѹֲָڵУƬƲ㶼ҫɫĹʣһƬ׺
˶ˣһγı仯һ档һѵҪһ棿ÿһ˶鼤ģô˵ҪٴεĶһǿߵˡ
ЩȻû뵽ҶôѾҪͻˣٶǳ˶޷ġҪô֪Ҷʻٶˣ֪᲻һѪ
˳ԾҶʵͻƵٶȡ϶ҲޱȵľҶ٣׺ϮҪҶͻƸߵľ磬ǲƬҪˡ
ͻȻЩƣ뵱ԼޣҲǱΪţ켶ʱ򣬶ûֳôĶģ˱ˡ
ҲЩңҪԼôµĽףԼܻôϻҶŪģô˵Ҷһս˵ģҶ̫ǿҶʲǿ
ͬʱϻǶҶʵȻ˻壬ޱȵļͣڶԿʲôƣôµĽףҶܿô
ڴϺ˼䣬ٿʼˡһʼƬĽɽϿգǣһ˳ǴѷɽеҶ˹ȥ
ɽϵ˶һҪǿֲĽɽһɽܹࡣҲʧصİɡ
ҶûκεķǽϣҶʵڡ˲Ҷʾͳһˣ˸Ŵ׳ĵ绡绡Ҷʵڣ̼Ҷʵļ壬ҶʵĹһǿһ
Ҷһʼʹ⣬崸Ҷ˼˺ܾòµľ˳ҶĿˡ
ҲֻҶʸôپѾڳ˵ˣҶʲûгԾʮֵľϲ½ײǿģ½ײǿҶʶм
һһһֹһģǶҶôԴٺǲе׺ûֹͣһһҶκδϢʱġ
ҶܿסɢŵĽ⣬ڲϵǿһͷ˯Ҷʵ˹
Ҷܿסһ·ѾôֲĽ»˷ɻˣҲûа취顣Ͼ·ֻǷƷֻϧǰ˿͵ˣҶٴαóˣҲûܹ
ⲻòһǣɽ̫ˡôֲĽ׵ĺ£ɽ嶼ûһ˿ģʯ鶼ûбһ顣ɽһֲֿħԡ


433 ͻƣ
˴Ĺ˶ޱȵĳԾޱȵľ档ľˣӾƣͣЩᷳˣ̫ˡ
һʼҲޱȵĵģҲɴȥȥˡôãҶʶûҶҲѾľˣѾûʲôоˡ
ʵϣҶЩľʹëж˽ɫѪ飬ܿľڽл˷ɻҡҶʵǵĻıǿȻҶҲоľˣѾǸоκεʹеˡ
͸ֻǴһľȻʲôӳûˡҪӲҪҶһ£Ҷ˵Ҫӣе
׷ŭˣƬҫɫĽ˶ɽУȫҶʵϣҶʸϵ
Ž׵룬ִ»ָʣһӱ
ˣѾǶҶʲκε˵ġҶҪ壬ѾС˵Ľ飬ε١Ҷʻûжȴǲ˾޴еĽ׽ƶУʧˡ
콵ʣ߲ʵĻƮ䣬һ˵ɫ⻪ѿɽ˽ȥһʱ䣬ɽϲľǾҵͨ˶֡
ɫĹ⻪Ҷʵͷ룬Ҷʵı󵽴˵ԺɫĹ⻪
ʿԴȪһʿǿƵĸڡ֧ʿļʿͦؼĸԺʶȴʿ꣬ĸ
߶ʿĸܲͬķ棬ͬΪһ壬ȱһɡ
ҶʸоԼ壬ʱıͨޱȵͨʱΪһ壬ǣһȫʱǱ˼£֮ҪشǸߵľ
ž죬ǹ𶯣ʣӵԲԲѪҺ̺ıԴһĴ̼ӷ˳Ҷʵգǿǿ˲١
ﱻһ󣬱һƬ嫵󣬺ԪҺγ˽תĻһ𣬵һƬɫĴ
һصļЭ޾ıŷšÿһεչܹ𶯡
ʶҲǱһĿ˳ԭɢҵʶһɫСˣҶһģȴҪСࡣ
Ҷʵƻﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȡڵԪҲǼαӣҪࡣ
Ҷɱ䣬˳һ׵̨סǿʼ⣬üнɫСҲ̧ͷ죬һɽɫԪ͸ҶʵĶǣա
ɫĹâϸ΢һɫϸһ㡣ôĴǴʱȴеΨһ
ɫϸ߸ոճֵʱ֮ѾɢȥĽٴεһεƲӵĺأӵĺ¡
ٲǶѾȥôô˵ڶΣЩǰ״ˡһͻƣôεĽףһαһεĿ¡
ɫϸ𶯣һεĹⲨոγɵĽֱӾͱɢˡ
üнɫСſһɫĹâĽƾͱһɲɿܵ˹ȫҶʵǣɫС˸˽ȥһϸ΢ĵ绡ո۳εĽɫСʵ˲١
ˣȫɢȥˣѿɽԶĺˡ˿ܺϵģһ˿ķ϶
Ҷʻ˫ۣʵԵĽҶʵ˫˳ѽɫ񽣣ɽڡ
ϡ죬ɽеĶ׻ٻҶҲСеĵط˼εĲƣ׵ĻҶʵĲǹĹɽ˼ģɽ嶼΢ҡΡ
ڽ췢˳ԾѾǹˣʵɽѿճףǰΡڱ˵ɽ΢΢˼£ɽ³ɽˡɽϵ˿¶һ˿ĳԾˡ
˫Ľգܸо޾ԼתҶһգնȥ˫гһڵѷ졣
ҶǿҵԤУ׵Լ켶ĴһսʵˡȻ˵ȡʤһǲܡƾǿ͵壬Լܹżغϵģ򲻹ǿܵ
Ҷ˳˼ҪҪ̳ȥһΡ̵İѹŸץһٵġתһ룬ҶʳĬˡŸ費һɽôҶͻ˵˷̵ľ͵˲١


434 ˣ
СӣûˣûˣһȴҶʵ˼·ʮֵķŭǴмһ
ҵģģë㣿ҶҲŭˣʼֱĪ
Сӣ˵ҡ¿ʼһֱûͣôԪҵ˰˱ӵѪùˡֵġ
ʱһĽڣƤģϻҶӣпζУζŨûгԵҶʲ֪һڿˮ
Ҹ㣬ֵܣɱע⣬ʿҶʵķӦù̵һƮ
ȵģ۱ŵõһ²ٵ۶ˣĵ˵ϡ
ҶʱŪĶʵ̫ˣǸûа취˵ġһʼͱҶʸŪˡ
ʻľ棬ʮֵ׳ۣʮֵȤǵȵҶͻ֮Ҷʾ;øӵľˣֱ;ˣһ㶼Ȥˡ
ɽпռޣǳҶġɽܱɽסϽ׻Ŀģɽûܵκεˡ
ɣҶʶȸʲôҲνСӻñϲԼֱǲģ׵˺ŵĵزҲģȸٶûôһĿ¡
εĽ׵Ĺģ̫ںˣȻҶʵϡǰɣҶٵĹģ뷶Χ˵ʵ̫СˡȻأ϶вٵĹ俪˵ġ
ʾˣɽоôɽѿ֮ԳһɽҲͱۿĴСˡҪģûطɡ
ô˵֮£ɽиûһطǰȫġҪ˵뿪ɽȥɣҲûеطȥѵѿĿгô
ҶڶɽΪûΪҲڶɽ٣ǱȵĶɽ٣˵˰˱ӵѪùˣŶɽˡûеطܶġ
ڼ䣬ûһףʾǻҶһ١һʼʱʵûֹͣģŴССûˣҲûˣҪ׸׵ˡ
ò׵ĵҶʶȹˣ߲ʵĹ⻪һԵҲմȾǲˡⲹеˣƬ̵ĹʵΪԭĻһġ
ʻҸɢپȻơʿĶҪˡ
һαҶʸˣܹûн½
ҶСͻ˻ͣһģһյġܲˣǿˡ
һĿǶ⣬ŸˡҶһ߲סиԼʣֵѣǳԲõġһϲˣڵϷʡ
ȫҶŭˣǱȵβ͵èĲѡһ֮£ϵѾǰܻ˵۵øӵˡ
Ӵһʱûк㳳ܣҸıˣ׺ݶãʵǿҸոͻƣҪ֣ҪҹУҶȭͷž죬һ㡣
𰡣𣬸Ҿ졣Լ˵ˣɲҲҪˣ֮ǰʱһԪûյɱˣȻֵûЦĸҶʶְ
Ȳ˵֮ǰ߶׵ʱҶʶܹѹԼġҶʶͻˣʰʸСһ顣鷳ǣҶʸոͻƣԼԪǿƲ̫õġҪҶͻȻˣʳȭԩ꣬˭˵ȥ
ȥɣҲҵľ硣ҶҲûҪʶ֣֮ǰŻһ£˭ôǷء
һȥˣѸٵƽʼԪȡٵĻظԼΪҶʶͻˣʸоѹɽ󰡣ҪٲӽŬĻôҪѵҶһξͳˡ
Ҷʶʿһһźڻҵʵޱȡʱ߲ʵĹ⻪ɫʢϵĺڻҲϵİ䣬Ҳǲϵĵ䡣
ƤһµϸܵӵĲӦǰļˡ
Ԫǣ˹ȥһԪ򣬰ʰԪĽɱ䣬ղ
ôķ»ûмطܹˡҺɽĲȡԴԴϵԪӰܱߵĻġ


435 켶ʣ
ҶʿһҲʧȥȤϽԭԼľ硣ͬʱ̽ԼڵļޣϵתԪӦȫµԪǿȵĲ
˵ԪԽΪԽǿԽõġֻҪܳĿÿһ˿Ԫͽ׵ʿԽĻɱǿҲǲܵ顣
Ԫȴ޷úõĿãôսǻΪ۵ġҪĳЦС¡Ҫͻ֮󷴶ͻ֮ǰָɷˣĻӿɾʹˡ
ҶһӦµԪǿȣһԼĵԺشڴڵķǸһ顣֮ؾطҶޱȵϣֱΪҶһ㡣
˵ҶڵΪȫ벻ˡѾΪһˣ߾Ȼų⣬ศɵˡ
ʱעеǿ߹עĽ㣬ҶͻĿµ١֮󣬶ڸˣпµڿٵˡ
Ҫ˵ǰһʱҶŪЩҪˡôڣҶǱŪ÷Ҫˡ
ʵľڵģЩУֻԪƽʱ̫ȡԪǸɲģ̫ˣ̫ʱˡ
Ǵ½Ԫÿĵطһֱ˵ǵùҹġֻҪǱҶ̫ˣǲŬˡ
ҶʶϵĶˡҲûа취飬ҪҶʵľ̫ˣһ㷴ĿԶûˡҶƢҲãһŭ֮°ʸѹʲôط鷳ˡ
иµģֻҪûʲô̫ôĶҶϲĶҪǰԼѹʲôطˣ˭ȥҶ֪ʲôʱˡ
ҪΪһЩǱҶʸӡѹˡƾҶΪƷҲǻһЩİɡ
˵Ҷһʱñǰ΢ڷˣʲҪԼܵȷصƣԵŬ˵ġ
Ҫ˵ԪĵطɽɽоһġҲ֮ǰ֪Ҫ֪ĻͲ֪ʲôӣһƤҲҪˡ
ʱʵʮֵģԪĴɲʲô˶лܵġҲ֮ǰҶܵˡͻƱʲô¡
ҰɣҪʵͻƸһ׵ģʱʰҶôʲôˡԺҶһʱʲô鶼ԼģͲҶʵˡ
Ŷˡʲô׬Ǯ黹ҶʵˣСӵͷǸ׬Ǯϡ
£ݳ޵Ĵ¡˸ʱ䣬ͻˡɽг˼צģޱȵ֪ǲܵʿƵԭ򣬾ȻҶ˼¡
Ҷ˲ľͱˣ֮ǰոתһͳʴ˹ȥŵĳļһ£Ȼ˲ĳʵˡ
õϵѸٵĹһɫ֮תޱȵʵҲǱһЩӵˡ
ʵҲǿٵѸٵҶʵϢƽˡһƣһϵĽɫĻ֮Ǻ²ӡ
ʵͻƳмɽг֮⣬ûı仯
ڴ˰ģҪٴΰʸƤҶޱȵʧҲˣʵľ綼ڣֻԪԪһеһжˮˣȻȻľӦľ磬ᾪġ
Ҳò˵йġֻոԪӲǵȵڲͻסҪҶʵԪˣǻҸطָ˵
ҶҲĺûˮ׼ôľֻʵԪԵˡҪҶʵģôŶҪһľһˣúõŬһѡ
еʣܵĪĺ⣬̲סĴһܵһŲŲҶʸԶˡ
ͻףûꡣʵĻ˵ǾǴûˣôŶҪץʱ䣬úõɽŶԡ
ʲû㣬û۾ġĬĬתԪΪˣԪյٶȾͱˡ
Ȼֹ˼ʱ䣬Ҷʲôĵע¡ַɱ䣬ϢͻȻľͱĳҶʵ֪̽Χ϶ͻˣѾϵΪƽˡ
ڵʣѾʵʵڵ켶ˡ


436 
˷ܵòУȻ˵ûлظ۷״̬ⲻ룬Ҫ켶ڽһǺԪɽɶûáѾǺˣܹһˡ
ΪɶΪɶ켶ˣѾҶʸ߳һȽˣѾܹüˡҶѹôãʿʱʱ̵̿ĶһĵġȻ˵Ժһ򵽼ˣﷴҶʵѹ
ػ켶ˡСҶӣҹϴȻҵ˳裬Ҿǿǿԭˡ˷ܵòУڿ·иǼĽš
ӴƤǰɡ˭һҾǺöġ춼СҶСҶӵĽеȣ޲ðҹġڻָ˵ʵҪ˰㡣Ҷһ㶼ʡ
һʱһʱʶʱΪܣ֪ƨ踺ôãڵȴ죬иѵĻᡣʵȻˣҪЩ飬ǲǾͳ˱ҶѹһʱģϾһЩġҶʻôãʿˣʲôƵġ
ã֮ǰҪѵˣҽڶһ١Ҷһ㶼£Ĵ򲻹ʣʻºְôĽ飬ɲ˵˵˵İ
ʵҶҲЩϲ֮ǰͻƵʱ˵ҪȫΪŻʵġ׵ʣ˵ʵڵҶʻ᲻һȤġ
ͻˣһͻףҶҲЩҪԼڵܴﵽʲôĳ̶ȡȻľͽʵƣӾȥˡ
ҶʾȻûһĺ£ȴͻȻЩˡôҶʣ˵ǱҶѹȹˣܵĿҶҪ־Щ顣תһ룬԰ԼҶǿǾԵƣ첻ʰҶʣҪǹ˶ãҶֵΪбĴˣǾ͸ûеӶˡ
ţʹԭʧˡ˺գҶʵ˳·ƵצӣֱӾҶʵĺȥˡ
ҶǹճһĨЦݣ֪ˣһʼͷŵġߵ춯ҶĸӦԺС
ҶȻ˵ǷˣȴûжֻתԪɢŵĽ⣬Ҫǿȣ׼ӲʵĹ
ʿҶûжһ˿ıóѵЦݸ֡צӵȥƲ˼ҪҶʵĺµǺšצҶʵĺԽԽʷ·Ѿ˱ץ۵Ҷʹĵˡ
ϡһ죬һĴ̶ĽĦޱȵֱˡ
Ҷʸоϻģվû˵⼸ĺۣצӡץĵطЩ΢΢Ĺˡ
ҶĳٵһߣһһãûгѪҲ̫˰ɣȻô
ʾצһһץǰԼŪˡצƤӵĵطһĻʹҪʧȥ֪ˡ
߾СҶӣţİʹţûĹʱĶԼצӣצϵĲʵĸо
ӴСүƤİôĻҶҲʾͻһ䡣
ʸϽˣҶһʱ䳤ˡǺ̵Ҷϵսģû˻ĶֵġҶ͵սԶҶʵʵʵսġ
ſڷһܲɽУȻԼԼĴ˳ȥ͸˵档
Ҷʿĵطоŵ׳ɽɽųÿһ֮䶼ͬľ룬պǰɽΧ
ʵʻģƬצӵޱȵʵͺһ㡣
ſ³һӣŸһߡųһŴ͸ɽֱҶײ˹ȥ
ҿצȻġҽ첻úõʰ㣬Ͳ֪СүҶҶʸܵĲû뵽ʾȻ֪֪ͨͨһ£͸Լôһ¡
ҶʵҲѸٵİθߣô˷ءʱޣҶõִ̫٣תۼͱ䵽ʮ׵ĸߵͣǾſҲѾײ˹ˡ
Ҷ˫˵ϣһȭһߵӺ˹ȥһ죬Ҷʱ޴ķ֮ײˣصײɽϣɽҡһ¡
ſӱҶʴƫˣʳ˹ȥصӡʵϡƤģҺϡǰʯͷԼĽš


437 أ
㣬ˣʲϵĲҽУӡ
ҶˣֱǻǱӦոͻƾҪԼ鷳ԼԪƲãҪԪѹҶʣȴԼ˺ˡ
Ҫ΢ϤһĻͲˡҶʻᱻ˵øأûôױҶʸ񵲿ġǿǹԼˣʶ㹻ʱɢȥġ
ǾΪڵԪĿƣûеӦֵ״̬ȻԼԼ˺ˡ
ˣˣôˡǱӦ˭ҪʰңҪ𱨵ġ㿴ҶðǱ׳ģΧ˼ȦˡҶʵȻᣬҪ
屻ײɵʱѾָĴСȻݺݵײһ£ȴûܵʲôʵԵ˺Ҷʷͳ嵽ʵߣһѾͰʸץסˣĸ˵ϡ
Ҳſңʾҵţβͳžž죬ĳҶʵĺ֮ϡǱҶİסˣѲ˵ġ
Ҷ⧲֮£ʸһû뵽ʶԼסˣôĲʵ
ҶҲˣ̧־͸һơɫѹգصӡʵϡۼ׶΢΢İ˽ȥѿ˲١
СҶӣҺƴˣ㿴ʵſңҪܸʮġʺ޷ľͳҶһƣԴЩˡȻ󿪿ڿʼ˿ڲԵ˵ˡ
СүҲв٣ľַܸҶʺٺһЦʵ嶼ЩˡҶЦʵ̫ɭֲˣ
ҶİʣֿʼʩչһҲƤģô׾ͱġ
ɫѹһƬڵĵ׺ǳǺǳһߵʵϣ޲Ĺ
ˮ𣬶ʵмѹǼֲͬһطǸо嶼Լ˵һ
ֱʵϣʵֲ͡
ʵĲҺûֹͣˡߴ͸ɽϵ˶ܹ޵Ĳҽһʱ䣬ɽϵʲôѼʲô߰鶼ǿʼ˳˰ıȫʮֵĲ
СҶӣҷˣҷˣҰɣҰɡʵܲˣҶʶѾʵĶˡ
ʵ˫۶ʪˣʦδʹӢ󰡡
ҲˣԺ󻹸Ҷ𱨣Ժ󲻸㷹ˡҶҲˣһҪʱ̲иİסʣһ߻Ҫתһֵطʵʵ顣
ʳʹ֮£ҵͬ׵ĶװסҲҶ˻壬ıʸƷˡ
תطҲҪСġҪİסʣԾڽʵʵ飬ҪһƲãԼҲˣǲͳô
Ҷ˵˵žͷſʣôʱİסʣҶҲоֶЩˡ
İҶʸո֣ͱʸ͵Ϯˡ
ǰһ̻һһڵϣٵˡ֪ոһ֣ʵԴŤת˹ݺݵһҧҶʵĴϡ
ҪǹҧҲˣڲͣĻζԴ޲øҶ˺һƤġ
Ҳ֪˱ԣĴһʱͨ˳ȥҪ˶뿪ƲŻµıϡڴ棬Ҳûʲôõˡ
ҶϸĿһ£ȻϸܵӡҶҪѪӡӳˡϻģҶʵʱͺ
ת˲ҶʵʧˣѾĥʴˣЩֶεʱûж룬ֱӾʵкȥˣҲЩֵġ
˵ˣڲǱҧһ͵ǳƽˡҪǻ벻͵Ǳҧˡѵҧˣ˻Ҫȥҧİ
ҶҲվһɾ·ϵѾ˵·ͱҶֱӸˡˬҶ̧ͨȥҶ·Ľһһĺϡתͷɽȥٴαģˣ
Ҷǵ뿪ɽеԪٴŨǹ³˼֣Ԫгţһ
Ҷʸո뿪ɽ˴ϵķСͿϴ۵С۵Ķš
׼ȷ˵һĵÿŴϣǼӣҪôжôüĿʣԵúǲ˵ӡҲ֪һĹַʲô顣


438 ձʰ
ģȳ˳һٴҶľڵڶǾʵĶȤζˡҪӦһ´ϡ
ʵϴ֪ʲҶʵиȥˡ켶ĴϣҪǸӦߵһ׵Ҷʴһͬ׵ʣôϾͲûˡ֪Ѿ˶ˡ
ϸûйʡҶҪȥ磬Ǵֹ˵ġһֱҶʣҲϲ֣϶ҲҪȥġôҶʵʵԱʵʵҲ߲Ǹӵİȫô
˵ˣйڡȻʲһҶʲʱ棬ؼʱôһҲǲõġ
ڹʽصأΪҶʱʱ̿̾Ӱʵߣ϶ǲʰ˵ȥġҪһӣϣָһЩʵһ飬һ˫Ĺϵġ
ʲ֪Ѿ켶ˡѾǲ´ˡһʱͳ˳ڴϵǰεϣͷܻӡ
ôһССһ˵ǰͣƣѾ֪ˡҶˡҸţˣѽѽ
Ȼ˵ʵʵ䲻֪ǴϵĶٱһڸҶло
ҶǾЩģʵ̫ͼȤζˡһ𣬻һôãʾ֪ԱҶʣҶͻȻԼö
ȻƢãȻ֪ˣȻܽȥǴһֻ۱һֻ۹Ϊ֮ġҲסôֹڰĶҫǴˡ
ȻʸһܣȲ˵˭˭Ӯɽô֮ͥ´֣ҲϵӰ
ܴ򲻵áǾ͸ˣⲻǴϵĳҴ˽ʵڱѹǰͲʡ͵ĵˣͶޱȡ
ڸǸҶʻôʱ䡣ûгҲǱҶѬôõʱˡ˵ʵϻеڵġ
ҶҲˣصĺһʣϸĴҶ
Ҳѧģһޱȣֱһ㡣ȻҲһŤͷ󡣽һǽڣȻֻ˸Ť˹ȥ
Ҷ֮ǰǷâ¶ģͻ֮ȴԵЩˡҪǲ֪ŵģ˵ΪҶʵΪˡǴ֪˲£ƽղɽ¶ˮģ˭Ҳߵǳġ
ֻҪһŭǶڶ˵ѡƽռǱǱȫһ˲䱬ͻȻûмܹסġ
ҶʵӵƳˣϢҲӵƮˣ׽һȷ޷ڸסģϾѾҪǿɱˡһͷݷʱܹͻȻѣѡ
˳ͻˡϲ̫ŴˡҪ޵˵ı壬һЩոս켶ʿĶְɡ˵⣬ϻһʵӦסҶʣһ¡˵Щ켶ʿһ˫۾ȷʵһĶʡ
˲һ޵е̬صһǰűҶʸʰһ٣Ҳ֪ԼǳźУ϶Ǳ˵ġ
ƿԣ΢΢һЦǰһˣҲǳһˡȥʣһֻ֣ץסҶʵһֻ֣һ˿ԪСĵĸӦҶڵ
ҶˣôҪ˽˵ϲֱԪȥ̽һءҲǿҶʳˣСʱ򲻶£֪˴϶Լжôչˡ
Ҷ̾˿ƽϢڵԪڵԪݷȻϵԪոսͻᱻ˲ɱġ
ϳ˼СĵĸӦҶʵ״Ԫո͸ҶʵľУϾǱҶʸһ¡
ҶʵĽޱȵĿޱȵļͣҲѹôֲս뱬Ԫеٶȣǳ˵ĺö౶ǲ֮ͬԶԶĸڱҲӦˡ
⣬Ҷʵÿһļⶼ޾СʵؼֱҪϵˣҲѹֻôµ뿹
ϵԪ£ҶʵĵȥҶֹˣûнӽֱӱˡ
ͬʱ۾ҶʵԵޱȵĳԾ
ҶʵÿһѪÿһƤУֱһս


439 аԳ
ʻƣҶʻεѹϻھ̾ʱ
ɽڵһ춯ûչֳʲô쳣ľȳ˱仯һ˲ƾ죬з֮Ӿ͸˳
ֲƺƺƵϯ½һ˲ͰѲӶһ˲ô½ʧе鶼ǲãĽٷ
Ҳ˸ӦһЩֵı仯ÿģ˽⵽˸ӵĺ£ʲôֲĶҪˡ
һգҶ˵üжõӰ֣췢ϵǳȻֱǿµˡ
һգ˵ɽеĶһ޴ģӨͷǷ˳նɲһڵơ
ڱ˴̽Ҳʶ໥Ľ޴ͷҲ𶯳һϸɲĲơȴֲޱȣ˲Ϣʹʱռ˶ɽ˽ȥ
ߣһصߣɽеĴ𶯳Ĳֱӱˡ
һǷе鶼ػһĺӱֱԶ嶼Ҫˡ
ڲǾƣǲ֪ʲôڵĶݵĽ֣ȫһ˲顣Ŀ죬ȥҲ졣
꼻һ֣ɲǼֳҪǷԹĺ⻹ûʧĻе鶼Ϊǻþ
ɽϵҲиӦģƯڰеֱžһµ˵ϡϰҶϵָҲһ˲ʧȥů˵ıҶҪһЩҲǾڵѪЩ裬ôĳ졣
ⲨͻȻֵϢոݷȥҶʼ˻ûüڽһʲôġһɾ˵ϢԶһεĲȻҲͬޱȣԶԶûǰǺԨĸоҲûص춯ˡ
ⲨɽֱӳɽҶʼ˵Ķᵽɤۣ֪ôͻȻһĻ
ߵٶ̫ˣļǰЦһ㡣ⲻǴٶˣѾƵʱķΧˡǰһ̻оƻԶһѾɽķΧˡ
ħɽѹϢޱȵĳأ˵Ĺڷ졣ɽԶɽͨ巢⣬Կ޴ѹ
ҶʶһۣܾЩϤһ־Բǽˡô롣벻ôǿ˵ǿͲ˵ģǻûа취Ѽеǿ߶Ϻŵġ
⾪ƺܿľûмŰȥȻĻɽϵܹˡѱЩʲôĲᱻƵġ
ȰԳҶСӻٳһϵģƽ͵󣬵ȴɽÿһ䣬ÿһĶСûɱ⣬ôҶһ
ҶСӣȥ˸ôǿĴڡΪǿҷµı¾ǵǶ˵ġЩܻغôǿĴڣʦڵȻΪҶʡҶʵ鷳벻ˡ
ԩûСͲǵôǿߡҶֹϡҶҪϣжҲܹԺĶ󰡡
㱾¼˰ûм棬ô֪ľͰѱ˸ˡȥúõϸ˼ӰôСʿƨ͸ˡҶʵֹϵüͷøˣҪһĴˡ

ҶˣôϾ϶ԼǵءðɣȻԼ˲ٵˡǻ֪ģǿҶǴǵġʵҲ㲻ǲǣڲȥǵġ
ҶСӣҵĻˣ͡ҶʵĥʱոոϵǿֿˣȻƽѾڿڴߴҶʳȥˡ
Ҷ֪㲻ˣһθǸܵ޵ԼϣȻǱ缶ѾǷԼˡͻȻֵǿοڣȻû˵⣬ҲҶİ˲٣ٲɱԼİɡ
Ŷ̫ӴˡҶ߳˳ϸ̧ͷ죬Ȼķ
ͻȻֵǿȷʵ̫ˡյģһɽһľ޴ޱȡʱɽϿգɽ
ʱҶʣɽϻɽΧķܿɽĶ죬۾Ҫ͹ˡ


440 ĺô
һ޴ģѩ׵塣ͨ嶼ѩëҫŵĹһ˫׳ֱۣܳܳĿⶼ˫ȵĳȡ
һֻ޴İԳʱɽϿգնڵסˡɽȴԵúڰԳëԶɢŵĹâɽҫͬһ㡣
ʱҶʳˣǰԳҲ˶Դ΢΢ǰɽϵҶʡ¶һЦݡ
ŰԳĶİɫëҲ΢΢ĲһɫٲڻĲ
ҶĶס˰ԳԴϸĹ۲ŰԳЦŵӣϤĸоӵǿˡ
ôˣʶˣǻһ档Գţȷʵʮֵ
ħɽֻԳҶеԤиӵǿңȻ̲סʵ
Ϊˣ˼ҺġԳԭƽ͵ǴʱŮ˵˵Ȼе٩˼òȻ˵ô䣬ɱ˼£ҶʾθܣҪ¡
㣬Ҳֹһεˣ޲ðƤȻˣңȻҼٰߡҶҧгݵ˵
Ǵλ֣ôʱѳ˼䣬ڰԳȫȫûˡڰԳ̬֣ôǿ죬ʲô˵ͨˡ϶ǰԳôˣֹ߽̽ˡ
ҶĳԱʷУĲС顣һж˵ĹȥˣһжȤζİԳŪġôôĵҶҪǾôѰԳˣǾ˹ˡ
ǣʵ̫ˡǲ㶼ͷѪСҶô˵ˣҪʻϲǶȥһ鶹ײˣȥһϵˡҲǺԳһøжûеġ
Ŷʱ˭˼ҵľѪȵʹġˣȻˡԳҲʡ͵ĵƣھͽҷʵ顣
һôһʼƻȥɱСѪġ˵ˣѪѾˡѪҲ˷ˣȰײȣһ㶼죬ëѪĶǲһ㾫Ѫʲô˲ء
ϴΪҶʺã֪һˣĲ˵ԳҲҶ˺ˣ˴δĵֲΪɵģҪġ
ϴΰԳ֮Գ֣ΪҶʿҪͻƵ׵ʱ򣬱ǿжˡһẔ́ԪĹӡСѪȫǵ˰˱ӵѪùˡǰԳʱץģҶɹ֮ǰȻ
Ǻ󻹲Ҷ֪̫ࡣСѪҲ˰ԳݵĹˡҶʿİԳϵѪҲǰԳѪϷųġǿҶյʱ򣬰ԳҲһػŵãҶʳ⡣
ȻĬĬô飬ǰԳȻûҪȫ߸Ҷʵ˼Ҷ֪˾֪ˣ֪ҲˡԳûҪʲôҶʽ͡
ǸҪƭȥɱ˭ҶϲˡѾˣԳҪɱԼֻգۼ飬ȫûбҪôȥģ¡
ոͻףٶȻġԳûлشҶʵ⣬ǰѻ⳶һߡ
ײ׵ĺʲôϵʲô飬˵˯ȥˡҶʲԳ档ԼԳ˵֪֮٣ԳҶʵ飬Ǻ˽ġ
һ֪֪׵ģԱһ֪ģҪ˵ЩǶǵĻ֪Ҫ˵϶òܹ׶Է˼
֪ϾнĴ㡣֮ǰҪȥһˡҶҪɴ࣬Գʮֵĸɴֱ࣬ӾͰ˵ˡ
˵⡣Ҷʸſ£ǰЩزôģǾ㲻ǾµġȥһɽҶʵĹ۵ı˺ܶࡣǼֱ˸ȥģҪȥҲڣԣҶʲȥ
ȥȥҶ붼룬ֱӾܾˡȻԷûǿԵҪҶʾ;ûּۻ۵أ̬Ҫһ㣬öԷûл
˵Ȼȥˡ˾ֱˣȥ˾ȸʲô˶ȥұ֤ŵʱͺȥԳҲջҪһֱӴӦˣǲˡ
Ŷô˵Ҹ㰡ûĺôǲȥġȥһأµӡǺܲõġҶʾöԷջԼǻ̲סЩģСĴ̽š
ģĺô㡣ԻǳģֻõԳһ΢Цޱȵϣޱȵ˷ġ


441 ȣ
Ҷ˰ԳģȻʸŰԳһˡĴޱȵĵǣָ岻ϻԳȽ׵ǿߣͲܹǵģҿżƣֻǰ·ġ
һ·ľѾǳ˴ϵ֪ǿߣֻºεȵĿء
ҶʱϿޱȿĵıˡʵȷʵޱȵıģȻԳǰҶʵ̬˰˾˾ܾİɣӣҶܾܾô
Ҷʻޱȵĸ˵ģ˵קסʳ˰Գ˵óŴҡҡʾ
ҶʵĻ˵ѾӵˣѾ޷ıˡηηģҲҵˣҲ̫ˡ󷽷뿪һη̬
ʾ̫ˣѹ˶Ѿ˻ԼĶ֡
ԳȷʵûΪҶʣһֻơľһƬƽԭһľ޴ҶȥվȵġԪţҶʶоȻѸٵıԳԶȥˡ
Ҷֱˣ
㰡ʲôôÿ۾˵Ķˡôܲ˵Ҳ֪ġ
ǰصһҶͻˡ
ҲͲµˡ
ҶʸͻˣոͻưԳˡ϶Ҷϴ˰ԳҩԹ˻ͻƵģ̫ˣȻѰˡ

ҪҶô˵һһѪôȥˣЩ˻ѶԼĹ۵ͣϴҩ֮ϡ
Ҷڵ۹ⶼˣһҩǿ˵ġҩеľ͸Ӳˣ˹ģôŶûҰҩá
ҶʸûлˡԳٶȼ죬硣һţԽʱռ䣬˲Ϣͳ˾ȵΧ
ܻɽһɽȡܵɽ嶼죬񶼷ɲȥģҪ˵ȥͽˡ
ʵϣܵɽ岻ߣҲûҷɽȥܷɽȥġɽ϶ǿµĽơ׵ǿ߶˲ɽһֵ˵ΪԵ
ʿǲܾôģʱһջΪʢһΪ֪Եʧ˶٣ʿ޷ܵ˵ġ
ɽҲ֪жٵҩЩʱ̫Ѿﵽҩڵļޣҩˡ
ͨˣᱻǿµĽֱӻɱʿǿıܿƣһĽӽ˾ȵΧҲɽ壬ȴΪ˴ˡ
˲ʿžȵĸɽʿˮģȴûʿҹժȡġ
ɽͬɽڽģⲿҪغǣôΣաԽɽڲߣΣԽ
ⲿʮֵΣգֱӾͰ鶼档ûʲôʿܹͻƵġߺò״ӰԳŪһϢе֪ȵڲҲǱΧĸɽΧɽȣʮֵʵģûΣաȻҪǶסΪʴĻɽڻһıء
ҶʸոȻɫͱЩȻˡԼ֣ٿǲ壬Ҳ֪ʲô
ˣǽȥԳƽҶʵһĲȻֱž˹ȥ
˽޷ͻƵľȵĽƣͲԳΪԳҲһƵͬԴɰԳͨˡ
һֻëŵצӰɽϡɽǻһ΢΢䶯ѿһĿӣΰԳͨ
ȵͷʣҶʶġȿ˰ԳֱӴԼͽˣĶᵽɤˡΪԳҪһһΪԳôҪĵ飬ѹסеĿ־壬ûк
ȵԳ߽˾ȵķΧ֮һһûиܵʲôرĸоŷ
ˡǰħɽ˸Ū˵Ҿ˵ôоϤ벻ġôûа취;ϵȻûΣգʵ˼ҲͻʼӦΧһС
ȵĲоص㡣ֵû˲µġΪһŬ˲ɿգͲ
ҶֵصܵͬԴϢҶʵĿƣѸٵİסҶʵƣĲȻҲǱʸӦ˵ġ
ʶƬ̣ͻȻڽ˳
ʵ˵Ҷ͸Ӧˡڸոȵʱ͸ӦˣҶҲʮֵԻ


442 ᶨģ
ˣԪҪˡ˾ȵķΧ֮һֱûпڵİԳͻȻͳĶҶʺһ
ԭҶԽԽԽ뻹Խú£˼֮£ԪҶϢҲǱûҲԵҶʵĺǲƽ
ҶʻعһеĿϢƬ̣˳ڵԪе·ߡ
ҺʲôСʱ˵һֻԳ͵˸׵ǰģһšǸղ񲨶֮£ȻǿĻ档ҲµĲǰԳɡҶǸӣ֪Ǹ˻ǵ䡣
ԳҶͳʱҶѾ۾ġһжʱ䳤ˣЩʹԺʧˡǸղ֮ܵ£ԺоȻֳָĻ档
еֻԳڵֻϢһģһġһǵԼ͵ҶսķǰȻʧ˵ġ
ԭҶսĲԼԭԼͣô͡ȻҶսԼԼء
ǻŻˡΪʲôҪԼءηôԼĳ˭ء
ԼǸȥ̽ԼϢȥӪҶս̽ϢĻ˭̽ԼҶսָô졣
ȥҶսô̽̽Ϣ
ҶͻȻкңܸӣһŽȫûͷ
˾СеˣġЩʲôûɱ㡣ӡص£˵һȷġȻĻӦɽͬԴָ͸ҶսҶ֪ˣҪȥףҲشġԳ룬ǿڸҶʣЩһЩ޹ؽҪ飬ǲġ
Գ˵һЩȻͲڿˡҶҲڹڿٵǰšɽˮ㣬ľҴңɽҰ˻䣬һƬԴ
Ҷȴû˼ȥˡҿһܣԼϳ˸ܡҶֻΪԼһܵϲԳͷĻ壬ϲԵĲԼܾĥѲ˺ֻҪͰ֪۷壬˭ûа취۸ԼҶʵĿꡣ
ڿԼ޾ܡԼȻǰѾˣ֪ʲôԭ˾УӡءԼ޷ΪѹסԼ
ǹҪԼȫӦˣȻܿʼˡû뵽ԼΪţһܣȻƳѹƣҲʹصΰˡȻЩͬߵЧһġ
ôˣڼԼҹԼôˡ
㵽ʲôӲǰԼѹƵһŷԼԼص
ԼױʲôʹʲôıԼйġ
Ҷʺܷգȴʲô֪
ʿҶʵҲǹֵֹģûпڡôҶʻôƵġǧǰʵ۷£ǿʱ򡣵ǺþַӡˡȻֱʱűҶʸ˳
ʶΪԼˣĪľʧ˼ǧΪҶʲİĪʧص¡Ҷʵ츳ǰͿʼżµΪ˵İɡǾҪӵˣ˵ˡ
ͻȻúܺãԼӡǧ꣬ҲҶԵְע˵ԼҶʸɳһ춯صĴˡ
Ϊʲô뷨ǾǾ׵ǾȷģѾڰʾһʲôҪˡ
ѵõûƤЦˣһֻצҶʵļģǶҶʵİοҲǸҶҶʹ
ôôӸǰһͦĽģиԴҲŷ֣̫ҲǺ¡̫ˣ֪ľͶ̫࣬ˡ춼û꣬鶼֪ˣ۲ۡʵ˵һҲѵõޱȵûдҶʡ
ʵĻҶһã˹˼ᶨ
ǰôĸ֪ˣʲôûУԼʲô
˵ˣĶҲ档ҪɱˣôǲһڵĿꡣ·Ҫһһ
ҪľǻȥΪȥȥ⿪ԼϵţıԼʲôصʹ


443 ȵ̣
δʲôȤ鷢ܵɡֻҪҶ㹻ǿôǱʲôصʹҶɡֻҪҶ㹻ǿôŶôµıҶҲܹһƳġ
Ҷһʶϵɱ䣬ո۲õĽɫЦ˸ӵʵˡҶʸĴҶʵķҲȫһķӡӡ˽ɫС˵һ¡
зӿԪҶʳ˹ҶСС߲ܣһ޵׶һ㡣
žӿԪлҲҶڣԪۺһҶʵľпٵıӿ
Ҷǿеķ˸ոճڵȻתϵѾѱݷƵԽԽǿ
Ƭ֮ҶŪĶֹͣˡոײãٴεһС̨ס
СӣԳһֱ۲ҶʡȿҶԼ֮󣬾Ȼ˴ԳЩùҶʸ߿ˡӦǳɲ˴ˡ
һǿһ˳ģһǴۿصġһЩѣôӵѹµʵ
Ҷʺܿ͵̬ȻССͻơȻ˵ҶʵʵڰԳ˵ǲġðԳ߿ǣҶʵʶԵģǵļ̵ı֡
һһģžʱ
Ȼ˵ҵҲ࣬һҪлл㡣ϾǸһЩҲ֪顣ҶվӣûнӰԳĻ⡣
һԾ˰Գƣ˰ԳĿļϡҲðԳԪıҶҲȻ塣ǰԳ˵ܵصѹƣܹѾӦˡ
ʿޱȵĽҶһԾ˧ϧûСȻĻҶʲֻ֪ٵİĽˡҲڰԳƴţվڰԳļͷܹĸԶʲҰҶӦˣͬûа
ϽͷŤһߣȥʡרע˾еķ羰
ɽ˵ҪúܶࡣҪûǰɽΧ£ļܲɱ˽Ƶ壬ҪûΪܳƵһء
ԪŨҪϵɽɽˡȱɽɽ󣬾ɫ̲ģ羰洦ɼƥٲӸɽ׹
ݵҰ޳ȺɽͻХԳ䡣ˮĴ󣬳ñ׳ġ
һеһУҪɽɽǳʯͷʯͷõĶˡŶˣһ֪ʲôĹ
ԪȻ棬ȴգ㲻صˣȻ޲٣ҲûĴţȴûʵǿޡֻЩŵԪѾʶʮֵĳԾˡ
ҪСǡЩԵԪޣǺܿµġѾʼӦĻˡҪǱųȥ̾һҡƺǿҶǵ˼ԳĿڡ
ʵϣҪǰԳСʱϲµĹصԳЩŵԪһġǰԳûк˵ЩԪޣһ뿪˾ȡѹƵ˲䣬ʵ˲ıǣﵽԳĳ̶Ȳ£һ㶼ûп
Գû˵Լô飬ԳǲҶʵǰġҪ黹ࡣ
ʲôЩץסȥŶЩȥ൱һĴڣһ°һ塭кö㡣Գô˵ȵһӾûˡ
˼Щ涼ôҶܹжģҪҶʰһǿԵĽסʶȻٴȥⲻһӶ˺üˡ
ţʾͿЩǿߣԴȥأʲôطȥãȥ綼ܹߵİɡ
ҶȻҲ뵽ˣЩԪģԪΪǿҵĸģ̲ס࿴һۺü۵ġ
Ҵ⣬ҪǵùˣǳԲ˶ߵġԳͻȻ䱳ЩҶʵҲ̫ˣȻעˡ
ȻھУЩǲԼġʵ˵һȣЩǲԼġΪѹƵ̫ˣ˵ӵǿңп϶бԼġ
Ҳ˵ҶʣȻڴԼĴڵע⣬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ͬʱԳҶҲޱȵǰһ̻ģܵ˺ôĴһŹ˶ãʼ˼ˡ


444 صĹ
ʵҲȫҶʡ汻׷ˣôЩһֱоŲֽһⲻûҪȥ磬͸ӵΣˡ˼ʱΣգʵǲûа취ˣӻѡ
粻аȥǲ˰ȥ˭֪ʲô顣һֶΣǺõġ
ҪǴһͷԳ׺ȥ磬ǰȫϵ֪˶ٸ̨ˡ
ھУЩкܴǱܵǾԵĴ򲻹ԼģҶǺҪһ򾡡ץúõϴԣȻ֤Щ޵ľԵġʹһȺҡУǸоʮֵĿˡ
Ҷʻʮֵ֪֮ģĪǿסе̰Գöԣڱ˵ĵ̣һЩΪá
Ҷʺ˼ڼ䣬ԳҶǳķɿ졣Сӣȥץϸһͷ޵ˡԳǳѰ죬ֹأǲֹء
ֹĻҶʵ̬ȣһִӦҶˣԼǺΡҪǲֹºַŭˣԼӵܡ
ʱԳҶһµıԵƽĹȵͻȻֵһԨ
Ԩޱȵ䣬ͿףҶŬ˫ۣҲֻܿ·һǧ׵ľ룬Ȼûа취¿ˡ
Ԩûߵ±Ӳݶûһꡣ䲻ȥͬûˮԴûӲҲˡ
˵Ĺ棿ʲôأҶʺʵҪԼģһ취ûУⲻ֮£ֻпԳ̡
·Ҳ֪ʲôԳѹֻҶüû֮ǰ⣬ȻǶǳ𾴡
ʲôҲûп㲻ƭİɣҶһ£û뵽Գһ𰸡ǸԼ˵ǲ˵ҶҲܹĹȥġǸ˹ôõİԳô飬Ȼ˵֪ʲôӣ˭ţ
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ҶʻЩţǰԳȻû˿ڵĴˡɴ죬һŲŵ̬ȡ
ʵϰԳûƭҶʣҲûʲôƭġǿûпûпʲôֵġڰԳǿʱôһҹԳĴΡ
һǴһöڰԳڣðԳܹھĻͬʱԳӦ¡
ڶðԳҶʳȣָҪ͸һҶսˡԳҲûмһ͵Ҷʣӹȵ׷ġ
ðԳȥҶʳ׵ӦеͬʱҶʳ˵ǹӴӾȵ׷
һΣǵĴαԸǴҶʽȣǸʲôԳڶ֪
ʱԳҲЩ棬ҪȵİǸʲôӡЩ궼ô飬˵ǲǲܵġ
ǰԳܺõĿסˣûΪкȥðÿһδʱȻֻΪ˷ԸԼһЩ飬˲йԡΪǿԳԹԽӵĹ
ܰԳжôǿǹʼľûзͷġ
ûΪ˰Գ֮ԳҲصĸǶ֪ʲôĴڵĹˡ
ҶҴˡԳ·ڣûӦΪӰԵõɵӡ
һӹȥˣûκεı仯ӹȥˣûκεı仯ȥһӵʱ䣬ûκεı仯
ҪôӣҪôǰڼӣҿп̫ܵСˡҶʵȵЩ꣬ڵЦ
˵ǹϢ㲻˵ôСġҶ˵ԳһɲģҪǹˣԲ˶ߡ
ˣ°ɡҶʻҪڵʱԨʶ𶯳ģ˷ֲŮٵġ
ǵĹʲôԸԳҶʷ˵ϣȻתߡ
Գһ˲ʹܽҶʵߣҶʵĸ£ҲԳһܹеӰ졣
С˵Ϊ֮ԳԶԶĴҶʵĶУϾĬĬĹ۲ҶôˡԳɲϣСΪ˵ô˵ҶСŪ黹ǺܺģٰԳôΪġ


445 ʱ
Ҷʻ˼ŹԼʲô飬ҪԼ˵ҪԼԼһúõ̸̸
ҪԼԼһĻҶʾ͸ӵڴˡ໹ҰޣǻŵĻɽеĺһġҰ޵ĻʲôġĻŮ
еĻǾˡŮĻƯǲƯҪǲƯƫƫϲԼĻô죬ܾ˻᲻ΪеķϡҪƯĻԼ᲻˿Ӧ˹
ҶʾԼͷۣԺ˲̫ϢֱҪˡҶһ㶼Լ̫࣬ҪԼرеĻôϷԼ
Ҷʺ˼ʱ򣬸оһǿϢԨ·һ˲ĹҶʶȻͱ
ҶȻķˣǸûáϢ޿ײ룬Ҷÿһ͸˽ȥҶʽϸ̽飬ҶʾԼڱоһ
ҶʻûǰҲǿ̽ʱǸоȫ쬵ģûд·ʱֻûд·ˣҶľԼûд·Լһеܶ¶˱˵С
ָоܲãҶʺܲϲһϲϻ˵ǲܽܵ顣һ£Լ͸ûʲôܿˡ
ϢҶʵ͸úҶʸоġʵٶǷǳĿٵġѸٵķҶʵľԼȫĹ
ҶʸоĺϢԼĵͣʱ׼ȷ˵ڵͣ˺ܳʱ䣬鶼΢΢ųš
ҶʻΪᱻǿеȡߣϢܿľȥˡѸٵĳҶʵ壬ʹʧˡ
ĽȻǿĽܡԨٴδʶҶʵΪʾ˿϶
ܹܲܽʲô飬Ҫ̽˵ôӦ˵һɡȻǿһܾˣȷʵ졣ҶЩűԼĿ飬ǰʶһ
ŶôʶٴδӦЩ̫ƽˣôһ˿ɻ
ңҡ֪ʲô顣ҶҲ֪ԼˣϽƨ˵
Ƚ׵Ĵڣ˵һġ뵽ʲôʲôضǲáǲ֪궼ûɵˡҶʾ뵽һ㣬Ĳ̸Ŀ˵ġ
һЩһЩҸ档ĲٴδҶʵĻ⡣
ҪǰԳһĽҪڰԳУϻһԳô꣬һҲй仰ĶԻʵǹӰԳʾȥ졣
ҶҪڣ֪ǹЩ˻ôģûҶгĻᡣֲԨг˳ٴεİҶʸסˡ
ҶҪʲôǲܹú˵ءҪŪôֱӵءҲҪ˵һ£Լһ׼ֱֱȥģҪǰԼųëô졣
һʾڴУŲҺ˳ȥƫеԶȥ˵İԳϡ
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ҶûиоôĶֻǸопֲԼȥҶˣ⻹ûˣ˰
Ź͸Ҷʾ£ϵʼǱ˲ȼ˵ȼͣһɲǾͲҶʵС
ڹĿ£ЩֻܱҶʵʼѹһ⻪˸Ĺ׭Ҷʵʶӡ˽ɫС˵ϡСϵĲ˸ӡĵһţռ˺󱳵Ĵλá
ҶжһЩĸӦʱҶСΧĵ棬̲ѸٵĿݻƣ˷ɻҡȻҰ̵ֳСҶƬķʢ˵ѭ˼ΣҶʴΰһ۾һĿǳҶʵ˫л財
֪ʲôʱѾˣҶѾܹɻˡ
ҶޱȵĸмԨ·΢΢ıȭл
ҶԼĵӡҶʲôˡʱҲֻܰѱ˵Ϊİɡ


446 ˻ʽ
ǰʱֻҶʵڣҶʸǻӻȥġֻͨĽӴֱȥԷŻЧֻ÷ʽﲻӦеЧʵǿҶʵľȫı⡣
оǣҶһֱмɵġ̫ˣҶʶ֪ʲôһʲôЧǵһùĿ϶ΪԼˡ
ڲһˣԴҶȫŪˡǹ˵ʱͨʱתһöҶʵڡڹҶʰöѿˣҶһˣֻҪҶʼɳ򣬾ܷӳǿʱġ
ڵҶڹİ£˱ԴͿֱӵĴһ̺ʱҪڽսʱȥԷ
ͬʱҶһʱġܰѶԷľʱͬʱʱΪ˵ǿޱȡ
ҪࡣҶʿں󲻾ãԨִ˹ʶҶʵǱȽġ
Ѿյˣ֪ҪʲôҸ档Ҷʵõ˹ĺôҲ˵ɵӣһЩ
ҪһЩѹôãҲؼյˡúõʹãҪ˻һۼϡû̾͸Ҷʲôٴ׳һϲ
Ļ䣬һ貵˼µĽ𣬰ѾϷ϶͸ˡ貵˼£˼£ûʲôвģױȵϣϳޱȣǱʹһ㡣
Ҷ𾪵ǡĳ֣ҶʵԺüҲ춯ͻͻͣһɫСҶʵüԻ˳
ҶŴͣޱȵĳԾСϢҶʿ˵ʮֵϤöʱּܶΡÿγ֣ǾԼһǴԼط
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û뵽ԼüеĶȻһѽɫСûڸϢҲûйԺҶʵʶھеĽɲǣǳҶʵԺĸˡ
ʱȫԻĽɫСҶʸոʱԺпĽɫ޽һģһģֻͬˡ
ڲڹأҶʸоѪŨˮϢСԼʮֵϤǢ
Ҫõĥ㡣Ҳȷʵزۡ˻ʽԺУȡ˾ԵΣյʱܰ㻯⡣ͬʱܽһЩ˻һĹؾǰеĶӦѾ֪ʲô˰ɡʶޱȵƽҲǽҶеһЩɻ
Ҷʣƽʱǲֵģֻʵʱ򣬽̻ҶһЩ˻һеҶʵ޷ΣʱҲεĳֵģôûбҶʸ֪ʲô
ԺеĽɫСһɫСˣƳ۵ĽɫЦץСˣѪĸоӵ
ԺеĻӰ£Ҷ֣ǰĽץ˹ȥ
ֵĶҶʸоһޱȵϤգİеĶ˳
Ǵ۵Ľ⣬ʧˡҶǰһѽɫĴ󽣡ʮֵĴڣûһ˿ɫģȴˡ
ҶץŽɫĴ󽣣оץסʹһ㣬ǳġɽľ޳㣬ǳʱһж˽ϡһжΪ˽ϵͼǾһеıԴӡڽϣ˻ʵҲ˻ҪΪŵʹ
Ȼɣ˹ɣУ˻ʳУʹҲ˻ʵ˫ϡ
ȻһƣýһΪˡҶͻȻú٣һֱܵķӳһֱػŵĶƻһ㣬ޱȡ
оҶʵܵ˴ݲе˻ʽɢһ͵ĲοҶʳصġ
֮ûа˻ʽ㣬ΪҲˡ˻ʽˣ˿˵Ǹӵأ˾ñԴûдﵽԤڵЧĻرĶ࣬ٴοڸҶʽ͵
Ҷץס˻ʽһɲǣѾǸоˣ˻ʵͬĶ
׾ʲôȻ㱻ƻˣҶкǷŭ


447 ɽ
һеĳҶʵСٵĳҶʵԺУɲǼɫСеĽΪһ塣Ҳһ˲䣬Ҷһѳʵ񽣣â¶ȶʿˡ
žȵѿڲϢйɲǼ䣬ԲǧڣеĲľ˲ݻƻ˷ɻңʱʴ£˲ͱһƬء
˻ʽϢһ˲ˣƽıüеĽɫЦ˳У໥Ԫศڡ
ԨҲǳһǿʱѸٵɢ˿ȥѿɽ帴ԭʧȥĲľѸٷʢһֱԭˡ
úõĻȥ㲻ΪԼǱʹ˻ʣֲ˻ʡδı仯ǸɡҶƽԨµĹٴοˡ
Ǹ룿Ҷһ£ʲô롣˵һѵķϻʲô˻ֲ˻ʵģҪúõĻȥΪԼΪ˱˰
Ǹ롣ˣֱȥɽ׼ȥɡȻǲҶйĽ̸ˣҪҶ뿪ˡ
ȵȣҲʶһ֪ܲܿ㵽ʲôӡҶʸϽڴԳ֪ʲôӣԼ˲ͱȰԳӵôңҶҲʵǺĽ
ԤУǻвһսʱġʱԻҶʣҶ뷨
ǿɨֱǿон˹ҶʵĻС
ҿûˡ浱ʲǿˣ֮֮ȥġʻˡ
ȻҪҶһ𣬿ҶʵʲôĻǹϣֱڿڽ̸ʱʶ˳ȥ̸ˣҪҶͳȥʱԼˣְԼˡ
ʶ˵ŹȥѾеԪϴһĳ嶯ˡȻǰŲڹΪ
ȫͰʵ˿ȲҲ̬ȣʸоһȭ޻һ
һ֣綫½½ӵһʼڶľȣսɽС
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ʱӵˣһϵ˽ɽеĺǵġ
ߣ֮ҲҪ˰ɡҲһ߻ؾȻ˵ԼŪĶɽУǲûƣԷȻֱ̽ˡҲö˵ʲôԼǵģҶԷûо
һɲɿܵҶʵϣƶˣٵɽȥ
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ҶҪ˵Щʲôٶȷɿ죬˾ȵķΧҺ󷽵ʧҶֻա
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Լ緢һе飬˽Ĺﲻʲô˰ɡ
ʱļ漰˿ռ䡣ʱռ䣬ѵܹ磿ҶʵЩȣܸоԼͬʱѧֱԴġ
շתȥҶʼµʱ䡣ʱ򣬻Ҷʼʱ䡣δӾȥɽֻҶʼӵʱ䲻
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ȻҶͻȻ亹ôеߣе⻬أôоŵ׵Ϣеءλûôر
˼˼һСģһЩƫðҶһߣԭһ̶վˡ
һߵҶʰһȻԼǰĵطһ߾ӨĹǼܡңҶĿ⣬ոԼվĵطӦغǵĶǵλá
ҶʵϻŨʱţѾĥˣغǵɱˡ
غǵϢǲȶȻҶʲ˽ŵ¡Ҳ֪ⲻҶʹģҶʹҪȣҲǲȲġ
ոغѾǲ²⵽˹ҪҶˣҲû⡣һ£˸ʹС


448 
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ȻǼĶ˵ģǱûз㣬˽ľ֮£Ǳʱסˡ
ղŷʲôغǵʶĲİҶʸ
ոʲôûзҽɽͷվǰǰܽٴհǰĹԣʵҵȵ¡ҶʵȻ֪غʲô˼ϽǳԾľͰѸղŵһжˡ
ܺãǳĲغǶҶʵʶǳ⣬ͬʱҲԼơ
ҶҲһһҶʷǳĲܡвˣҪǻ֪ʲôֱ̼żˡ
غǲ뿴Ҷʣʱ뿴ոձȹȻװŴȣﻹǲˬġ
ҶҲ뿴صĺǣֲòŻطʱҶЩħˣŻغǣȵĹõġ
غӨ׵Ĺһڹ⣬ڤϿյŻн˹
ŻѾġմȾЩڤӵˮⶫ˵ȽƸӵĿ¡
һһİ俪ǰǷƵĹϵŻ¶˳һӨ׵ָǻУʱһĵ绡
绡󣬲ûָǽ𻵡ǱøӵĽˣнܴһ㡣
СӣϽҽȥͷغǽ⿪˷ӡȻҶʺ𵽡
ҶʶĤҪˣоġŻȥ
ҶʿٵĽӽǺܿķˡͨҪָˡǽϸСĿ϶ֿޱȣԭܲͨе磬ѹͨΧӵŨˡ
Ҷʾͷˣµ硣ҪǿռܵһЩôܼģ޷ˣȥҪһƤġ
Ҷʱصĺһӡסָͨгһƹ֮ҶʸȻһ˲͸ָС
ڹ֮İ£ԭǼӲޱȵָǡھǿһ㣬ûʲôʸУҲûʲôҶʿٵд
ĸоƴָϣ󲿷ֶ˻ȥЩָˣ
Ҷޱȵĳ졣һǰҲǰ׺ġܹûκĵľ͵硣
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ߣҪ㡣ҿôóҶѾ˵ɽУغǷһߡ
Ҷˡԭ鲻ָоյģܿҲǲķ羰ˡǺܿľͷ˱仯
ָǾҵתģ˲ߵ˼һָǵΧ˲ʵˣҶʾͲеĻƶһĵȥġҲҶʵͣûбŪɢܡ
ҶʻǱײ˸ͷۻġⶼǺõˣҪǻ˸ͨˣ˲ͻᱻҡһصǣȥ뺡ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶʶҪˡͻȻоһᣬ˦˳ԶҲûײʲô
ҶʶѾ۾ˣȴûгеײҶʺǲϰߡϽ۾ǰﻹʲôӨ׵ָеĿռ䣬ѾһƬ硣
Ƭɭ֣ƬĲݵءһɫģ硣ҶʵĵһоûеҶڶоʱͨһҶʵˮˡ
ˮбǲ̹ǣʮֵˬҶʷһǺܿľüͷ
ֹŹֵģȴнȻͬϢ̽Լ壬ҪԼȥ
Ҷʿٵĸˮ档һĳӡˮһ㴿ףһī߲໥ںϣмźԵķָߡȻûж赲ȴ˴˾ˮˮ
еˮڻתţҶʸоиֵԼȥ
Ҷ˲ˡ׵ĳУ̺ǹһνĹڵǱߣڰϢһģӦǺڰ
ֽȻͬ۳һӣǸģ
ҪҶʵȥȴҶڵԪȻų⣬ֻǸоȥڣȴûдʵԵЧҶҲԲˣ£ֵģоʮֵ


449 δ֪磡
Ҳû˴ţȫİĦܹܡҶʱ۾ʶɢʼΧһС
磬Ҷʿ˵ȫ֪ҪɽУͻȻ˺ŻҶʻǲ֪ôط
˼ͨѾǱ̫ˡ˼֪ǿУ¶ûм˸˵˽ġ
ǿ߶粻֪֪δ֪ǿ߲ŶҶʶǲ֪ġصĺǿ֪ġǹȻҪҶԼȥûиҶʲô
ɽеصĺǣǿҶʾ;òòҶʶ˵ġ
ҶɣԼͨʱǲغǾԼ̫ˣŹŪ˵㶯ԼŪʺĵطˡ
ҶȻԼǲǲϱӡµĻԼ̫ˣûа취ЩƵǿ߱ȼġһȫİĵط˵ڵлƣСĽһЩǲеġ
ʶѾޱȵɢ˺ܹķΧˡΧһжĸҶʵԺС
ӦһƬ˼ĵطǡԼĿǰһļ̳һĵط̳һôİڰ׵ˮء
еֱԴı̳ȡ˹ע˳С
ΧïܵľзʢҰݿҰšкܶҰڲľɭд
ֵǣÿһҰ޶һԳ򡣳ɫ죬ȫڵģȫ׵ģȫģȵȡ
һͷһԻĳͻɭпٵĴ󣬸һͷѩ׳ͻſڣϺһĻ׼ȷӡ
ҶʶΪӶҪƨ˵ʱѩ׵ĳҲµİ׹⣬˿ڿٵıˡ
ҶʻһɫҰһžһǽǰ
һֻһɫĳĺӣּٵԾ𶯵ĳܹγһУжǰ·֦
ԶһСྫסլĽֵĻܡ
סլĵطΪʲôҪ˵˼ءΪֵߵĻǿյģʲôûУڷ絲Ҳ綼ˡֵҲǿտģûһߡ紵Ų֪һֻŵľͰڽֵϹˡ졣
ҶʸоЩ֣ʶɢסլڲеסլһһˡסլڲҲǿտģߵСûˡֻһЩ̫޴ģװᶯĴʲôģѾһĻҳ
Ҷüͷ⵽Ǹʲôĵطôո磬ôһ
ҶԭҪ̽һЩϢĿĲòˣ֪֪׵ĶûһѵҰȥʰ
Ҷʺ˼ʱʷһĲҽС
֮ǰڳлζһ̫ҶʶһȭĴ㡣ڳоҵţһӵİڰ׵ˮʸ÷
װŪİܸĦôܵôҶЩΪʵĺҵĽǳˮֵĸоѾ˴롣
ʱʣĿ۾Ҫ͹ˡȫˣڳвͣþķš
һұʲôҪˡʴţǺġ
Ҷһ㶣ϸĶʵĺ󱳣ȷʵŶƤоҵ䶯ţѱƤø߸ߵĹˡ
ҶʾЩģҪǴʲôŵĶͷƤġ˲ˣһץסʣĳ˳Уȵ˳ӱϡ
һ죬Ҷʳˮˮˡ
Ȼ˳ӣʵʹಢûм١
ҶʿˡһˮʵϣûΪ뿪˾жϡˮڰףǳе̺ŹڰĻϳˮ
Ȼ֪ʲôôĿܣôʹ࣬϶ʲôö
Ҷ絶ٵˮǿжˣʵϵ
ʵʹˣǲûʧϵ䶯򣬸Ӿҵ䶯
Ƥ⻺ѿҶʾޱȵĶġȴûѪҲûʲôѿĶʵıϣһԿģڰ׵ĳ
ʣĽҲԼҲŪһ԰ѿˡ⻹װҶһ£Ȼɻõ٩ʡ
ĽһǶõĽޣǶֵĽôǶԹĳӣݸôͳˡҲЩƣ֪ô


450 ݸ˵
ҲЩƣݸ裬ôݳˡҶʵĸоһһģҲֵģҪ꣬ǱȻų⿪ˡʵĸоҪҶǿҺܶࡣ
ȻʾͰ˳УһȫİĦ뵽ͻȻǿˡܿľԼ塣
ʱܵҪѣǷȻסˣˡȻͷҶʿˡ
ӲҪ˵ȻǾԳ֮󣬶ؼĸӦرˡڰֵֹһ𣬴Ԫٺ١ڰ˴ų⣬ֶʷеĲ
Ҷ벻Ȼûа취ץʡֻԼ֤ˡ
㣬ҪʲôʿҶʲĿ˹ܵЩ£ոճİڰ׵ĳҶʿɲЩֱһץסʣһ
ͨһˮ𡣸ոձҶʴֵ˳УֽոհĥҪҪĵط
ʱܵҪУһߣȷʵҸǰʹĸоˣжʱʱ̵̿ҪԼĸоҲˡ
ʹˣȡ֮ױȵˬǴĳ˿飬͸ķ
ҶʿкĹڰʵϢ˹ٵʱ˫ȥƬ̵Ĺʺ󱲵ĳɫ˲٣Ҳû֮ǰĴڰϢŨԡ
ҶʾЩԣһץˮлŵֱҶʸ˳ˮ֮ǹڰѸٵİȥݷʵĳˡ
ҶַʼΣֱʶЩͷˣҶŰݡΪȷеĲ룬ҶʻԵ˳У֮ǰһûʲô鷢
ӺܰʸıһЩӦĴ󻷾Ҳ˵ʣڳΪ˵ͬˡΪǿͣ򷨲֣ԶЩ߰ĶзǳܵĵֿáҶ˵ԼĲ룬ʵЩ֣ȻľʵĺƮƮġ
ʲô˵ѾЩͬˡǸ߹ʣôЩᲢۣɲУ취ŪŶԡʼˣϽܲˣҲǽܲ˵ġ
һ壬֮ϵĵλظĶھȻŹֵĳӣͿŪһԳЩܲˣԼĵλһȺ˸ˡ
˵ˣҶʻԹᡣԼϾͳһᣬǲˬ
֣꣬ˡҶһסЩץʣס˻ڲϵֹʵ͡
һԾܽһԵСԪĲѹƵͣһһȥһ㣬ûһ˿Ϣ
ҿ˾ǳԱû¸ɡӲطͷôˣ˭ġһֵĴ˹ȻǶ˷ǳĲ⡣
ˣ˵ˡ͵ǳŷˡ˵ҪץʲôˣȻˣ˵˿طһҲǸţȻñ˲Ҫ˵ˣԼ̲סԹ䡣
ǣǵĿЩȷšģ͵һǰ˵ֿˣŷܵĳɷ֡
˸ߵˣһӣһԽ׵ĳ˷ɵٶȲ죬λƵģôôڻʱ䡣Χ̫İҶʵʶ֮ѾܹԶľҵˣ԰˵ĶԻ˶С
˲׵ӣҶһҲе͵˵Ĵڣһǵͽ׵ľӶģΪĶ켶ġҶʵ΢ķ˲١
תͷҶʣ˷ܵĿԲˣԵЩԾԾԵġǶ˴ɱͷ䵥ģΪôģҪʰʰǡ
ţҪʲôҲ᲻ĸšҶҡҡͷʵע⡣
ʣ࿴˽һЩûʲôġ
Ҿ˵ôطôģȻûʲôˡǹڰȷŨ˲١ôԶ·ݸ˵һ˵˵žҪȥ·ޱȵĸɴ࣬һ㶼


451 ˣ
ЩðɡһֱӶ·ˣһЩ⶯ǻЩɡ
ʲôõġǰطںܶ˵ǺʥڻʲôãǷá˵ˣң˭֪˵˵ţµľͰϵ·һԾͨһ͵׵ǰ߳ӡ
ʲôƣͶˡ˵㣬̫ˡ÷ɵʱҪɣܵʱҪܣ۲ۡ˳еһţ΢۾һ߽ѵ˻ڳӱϵˡ
Ҳʵ̫ˣҲ裬оڼ̤һʥĵطûڳӱϵֱ̬ĿСҲһҧ¾ϵ·˳С
Ҷʲһ˱ĳɫģǹɡˮоڹŨֳɫһߡ
ϧˡͻȻ̾һҶʾĪģ֪ʲôطԾʲô衣
ϧʲôҶʿѯʡǻոճڣҶʾͺˣ֪Щ֣ԼȻȥ֪ʲôⲻвô
ˣȻеġУµСҲ̫С˰ɣûһĴСһźͷ㡣˵ŻצҶʵұȻĳĴС
㻹˼оЩҶһͷĺߣ̧־ʵԴصһǡ
Լô˵϶˽һЩƻ֮ĶʾȻҲǱǿҵ֪ȷо˵塣
˭ʲôд˻ˮȻʲô˲ˮ˾̬
иƨطʲôԼԼˣúõܡһǾͻȥˣȻ˵ʲôûпһ۾ûͲΧĶ
Ƭ̣Ҳȷʵʲôûз֡ҲиԼ̫ˣǸ÷һˣȻֻȥ
צȻôϲȥǶץͿԽĹ۲ˡҶʵĶ˵Ȼһ̧־Ͱʸ˳ȥ
ҶһˡʶѾΣվԲϣϵģºкộǾҪһʱˡ
ʱҶʸ˳ʱܵҪġתһ룬԰ԼѾ켶ˣҶʶҪһˣʰЩ׵С˻ֵɲҶʸˡ
һ㶼ΣϢɢ˳λƵǰĳӷ˹ȥ
ҸоʲôµĶˡ
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˸Ͻ۾ȻͿǰһͷƤЦĶǿͣµؿо
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˵ʲôƨȥģƵͷΡú˵Ҫ˵Ĳ岻ģС˺㡣ʹĿˣһ㶼£ֻǸӵĹӵǫˡ
ҶҲ˼㲻νҶҲ߳ɭ֣ɻĿУߵʵվ


452 
СģǲˡӦþĳȻд鷳ġҶʾôҡڵ˹˶Ҷʵĺ󱳿˰죬ȷûпгӰӵģſڴ
Ҷʾʰһ㶼ûЧʣЩ̫ˡˣʲôû˽ôµġ
Ҫ֪Ҷʵ뷨һԩʲôʲô鶼û˽Է˵СĴС̣ʿ˽һˡ
˾ĿУҶֱһ׵ôֿܵ׵˻塣ȻûκεֱӱҶʴ˹ˡ
ŴͣҪСҶûиǻᣬһͷһ£ʱ˶˹ȥҲڿ
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ͼ˺ܶˡҶʵʶ˻ʽİʶһһ㣬ֱ޷˵ԺС
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ŴŵðȻǵɫĹīĳˮзɳȻֱĳˮ˹ȥȻõƽ
ɱľȫ෴˵˾°ڵڰڵʱͻᱻڰʴֽ⣬֮Ҳһġ
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ЩҶʴ˵Ժ˽⵽ġ⣬ǹʹ˼һֻҪǸ٣ֻҪеΪٶѹһߡ̫֣ҲҶܺİûзĹ˶ڵĳеԭ
⣬Ҷʻ˽⵽ܶࡣ
ӣ̥أȡ̥ǵ˼ܾǰ˼ûбӡġ˼ǿߵ׵ʱ򣬻ǻд󲿷ѡŷġ
ǿ߶̥У̥صĸ졣ÿ˵ʣԴĹڰԶԲͬ˽иı䡣
ıͳΪˣѾķΧˡԳ򣬲ĻܸõĽ
ĴԪǼٵģʺ˼ǿĿǱԵԪţֻʺԼĳ򣬲նӦԵԪŸǿ
ҲΪطʥãľжŷǳҪĵλʱҶ֮ǰѾư˵ĳĹģҪٱӣźܶط
֪ôˣ˼ǿ߶Ըѡŷˡ˼С˺̥صþС˲٣ԱߵĳĹģҲСˡ
ȻһЩͲˣ繥˼磬˵ΪķͶĻǿ
緢˴սֻˣ˫ʧС˼Ż׵Ķˣ糹׵ĸˡ
Ȼû˷ˣ̥صĵλһٽӣֻиԵ壬ûʵϵˡԱߵĳҲǳ׵ȥ¥ˡ
ǰǶ˵Żִˣսһ˭Ҳûκε˭ж˼ˣ˲ʧˡҲǸоͨ춯Ȼ˷硣ȴͻȻı˷Ȼ̽顣
ǱҶץסҶ̽ˡ
õϢҶһĿǰǰȫģ˵ļУǶûȥǵĴ㡣
û̽鵽ԼҶսϢ֪˵ĵλ̫ͣӴ黹ôġ
֪ûбúһһĳ
ҶƲ⡣ÿһ˳飬ֻҪͻṩӦġ˼ǿ߲ˣǾûԴˡ˼еҪ˼Ҳνġ񡱵ء
˵ΪԽߣṩӦҲԽǿ󡣵ҪЩӦͽͻȽϻ


453 ǣ
ʲôұıǵͽɲУҰѳȡҶʵĽʶʱżˡʵĻ˵ǣү첻صģǱҶѹôЩҲûġͺͿĳΪ˱˵ͽʹá
УոշĻᱻ̥ŪһԳȻ緱ܳһҲԶĴϳе鶼ӡûа취һˣļڵһ»ǿԵġҶʲûͬ⣬ǳϷŪʣΪ֮Ĵ㡣
νǺܾǰ֪ʲôԭ磬Ը̥ŪһԳġУĴĪľηͷҲӵмߵĵλ
˺١ҲܾûгֹˡǿʣͰʵͷˡ
סðݣҶʸҲûʲô̫鷳ֻΪ˸˼˰ˣ˼粻ͨʱֻԵӵĸĪˡ
ʲôһֱôôһԳأʵʱͼˣΪҶǹģҶ֡
˭ҲأȻһĲðһģߵȥһȺ˹ģáҶţ۾β˵Цݡ
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ʵ͵֣ﶼ˱ϹϾźţʵ̫ˬˡ
ˣǽȥʵǱҶģȻҲҶ
ĸպǻǡǰ󶼱ͽ˼ˣôҲҪȥݷһ²˵ĹȥҶ룬Ȼľ
ҶսϢȫûͷҲֻǹӰһȻʧˡѾȥ˵˵ԺУ׷һξġ
ô˵϶Ҫ֪öһЩˡǲ֪Ųõ˼ȥ׷ģôҶʸҪȥǹ䡣鷳ѻŪ췭ظģԼô˼˵Լˡ
ңȥǣҲ԰ĴҶսϢֱһһٶõļƻ
Ҷʰ̽ļ䣬΢ıһ·Ȼתۼʧˡ
˼û̫Ĳһľ֣̲ݳ𡣵洦ɼȫһԳҶЩϰߡ
ⲻòľǣԪ̫ϡˡҲϡԪʮֵĳ£еĹܸܵԪʱ޿̵Ķڷ档
ʮֵĲӣմȾ̫ϢԵԪ̫ϡˣʺ˼ǿС
ʾνһرĳ򡣿еĹڰԪʱ޿̵ĶڱաȻûбսԪϣǴ洢ڳҲһġҲܹģһܹбȥ˵Ĺ
ҶҲνٵȡԪеųĲӵĶֻմԪ˵УҶʵӰ첢̫
ˣǰǻǡҶͻȻͣøҶʲײҶʵϡ
ǰԪ쳣Ũ쳣ĻԾƬնǻɫģǱŨĻԪ˲ɫ
ȼһſֲϮθеϢǻġ
ռеԪͱôǴմȾ˻ԪصԪ
һ޴ĳǳأĸӵŨҪǰѻڵĿռݳһȼŵĻĻǻǾ棬վ档
ʲôƨˮƽҲ̫ˡ˼սǶÿֹţŻƷζȻǶǰǳûһĺøС
ҶҲϲ˵ǻǣ̧ˡһʯͷ硣ûԪŨʯͷҵĶɵġޱȵңһƢĺΪĽ
ֿսǣ˵Ǿˡ˵ģĶ˵ĶĽˡ
һһЩʴͷҶಽĽʵɣ飬ʵˡ
ո̤Ԫ磬ҶʶǸоЩơҲЩꡣ
Ļ£治֪ƢжôıꡣҶЩ⣬Ϊʲôǻǰӵˡ
⻹ģǸǳصӣҪֱӶʯͷΧΧأҶڶֵˡ
ĻҶʶòֻг飬Żϲɡ


454 ᣿
һɼʯͷļ׵ĳſڣڳ롣һĶͨ죬ŨĻϣεˣǵеޣһԻĳ
ÿһڴŻ棬ſеŨĻԪһܡ
ʴҶˡҶõһߣһͨҶɵͬСÿһ΢΢ĵͷԵޱȵĹҲ͵͵̧ͷʣֻŹԵúǺ档
ȻûгҶʸʣҶԵЩɻ󣬲ȴû˸ҿڷʵġ
ȻʹѾ鳾֪ˣΪĵλжôĳȻ֤֮󣬲ʻҶʶǳһոһһս׼һԣôתӳȥˡ
ʵԴ߸ߵţҲЩһ飬Եޱȵĸ߰ȴûκ˿ĲȻҶΪӦõġ˵еӦĻֲˡ
һһ˽ȥȵһһԶ֮󣬴Ŵ̧ͷǵĳǣǵĽǴҸæġ
Ҷʶǳһ亹ոЩˣĶ׵ģֻ·ˡسǵļ׵ġǻи켶ǿڰй۲ţһֱ֡
ҺûӴ¶Ҳʵ̫ˡȻǰеǿ̲߳һ˶Ҫ¶ڶɲ켶ģǸӿµĴڡ
ˣ˵ͰȫˣǸӵΣˡʯͷУвٵĻϵ顣
ҶϣҶһ㶣ȻͳһķӳѸٵͷʾʵ𾴡
ǿ߲٣ûһǰ̸ģûʶ̽ġ
ҲһֱżӣǡôڳԼΪϣҲûȥҵ顣
һ·Ȼоյģ˶սսģעԼв¶һ˿ǿĵطҪǱ¶ˣӳȥĻᣬ޵Ľӽ㡣
鶼ɫҴҵģÿһ鶼Ǽ͵ӣʲôһ⣬ʱܹһԲϾʹ֣ÿһƢʮֵıꡣ
ҶʶҪˣǸʲôطôÿһ鶼ôĴֱأûôⱩĻԪضԴҵӰ컹Ǵ󰡡
Ҫðʵ̫رһһôװƵĴҡڵ߽ǻſһֱﰡ
ôĬȥҲǸ취ھûа취ҵԼҪϢȻʮֵľηǲĴڨ֪Ҫʲôǲδ֪ҪϢ
Ҷʵʾ£Ҳ׳ŵӣƵķɵ·ߣһ΢ҪһЩ顣
һ׿ĻϵʹǰԲġ˶ޱȵʹУԵñȽࡣ¾Ϊ˱Ƚ࣬Ϊϵʹȴ̫ڱİɡҶͬʱиԼһɡ
㡭ǻѧɽغǵڵôտôľ룬Ȼл
ҶһͷĺߣΪ̫װˣװЩˡϵʹȴԵʮֵãô˵еӦþơ
𾴵Һ£׳һ˷ʳԶͿ˵ˡ
Ӵġмʮ׵ľ룬ҶʸоĤҪˡ׳УΪ˵Ŀˮ˼ӲĵϳһӡˮжŨĻԪأǿҵĸʴԣ洫ˡ͡졣
ҪԼ죬ҶҲҪϹԼ۾ģԵˡʵֿ̫̫̫һˡ
ʵͻȻЩˣĿˮЩģˮԼϣŪһӶİɣ
ϲòڲ˰ǻ˲ͱԷʶƵģʱ·һ
飬ǰʱ˼ж֪ʲôǿ˾Ŭĵ۾ҧгݵ˵
˵Ҫһֵı׷ȥԻˣ֪ʲôҧгݵӣ׳ͻȻЩ麦£֪ʲôطˡ׳ԸʹȻǴĭĻشš
Ŷ˵һҶսʹʽ״̬ʮְֳðĽɫ
ǸҶսҪɱĶôĺˣҡ׳һ㶣ؿڱ֤š


455 ڣ죡
׳ķӳһһǼӣԷ֪ЩʲôİȻôܻؿڴƱ
òãҰһ飬㲻ǳˣôţ֪ҶսʲôطʵȻ׳ʹȥҶսɱˣеҪĿľҵҶսβѰҴϵˡңҶʻһ߿Լôش
ô֪Ҫҵˣһ֪ġ׳ɤӣš
ݲûбʶƣҲͷſˡԽԽԼĽɫԽԽˡ
ץ׳˺ö⣬ŪһЩ¡
Ҷսֻ֪˵Ҫôһ飬ƨǶʵ𾴡׳ؿڣӦ
ѾˣǾʹ³ȥȥң˵ǰҪҵˣغܶ˶ʮԸİɡ
׳˵ˣ֮УλԹġԲŴƫƧλáҲΪĵλôԹټϻıƢʹȻǲŻӵġ
ҪѰˣ׳Ҳ˵ˡȥĵĹǻʵλȻĳǳػ벻ջ
ô˵ЩǣҪܶࡣǹǣÿһԵȥ˶ܣҲѹ֡ϢܶϢģϵĹϵáĺڰԪϵƽʱûġ
ҶʶЩʧǺܺõҪҶս磬һ鶼ܹϢҲҶ˵İɡ
ǵĻڳûУżӣҶʵʾ»˸⡣
˵ǼӵĴ˼νˣζҶЩǱȻ˵ܻʲô飬ûֱӵĹϵҶʻǰѻǺˡ
ڴϢΪ˵׼ҪûڻǵĻôֱӳȥϴһգƾʼðǺ׻ȥİɡҪڻеĻǾҪııˣҪ취ûĲ˳ġ
Ѿˡܾǰȥ˹ǣ˵Ҫλ̴¡׳ܿľͻشˣΪкܶ˶֪顣ʱ䣬۹ǣһ顣
Ŷͦźģе飬˵ȥϴżġЩź˵һһ
˵Цˡֱȥĸϣ˺óԺúȵдŵģһֱȵҲԡҪм£˿ȥǡ׳ٺЦţʳ⡣
ǰǽǻ񹬡˵ĵλȻȥʲôطᱻԴġҪصڣ˻ԴΪԵЩɻ׳ҲЩɻô˰ˡ
׳ܿľ͸Һ˽ڣ˶ûˣǰԻ鶼Ѿˡ
ŶңȻ鶼ˡҡҾˣȥˣһˣСӲһƼģŪˣˣд֣ȻôһͷԵˡҪ˲ڽͣʻĲʡ
ӦõģӦõġǰߣߣ˵ҪƼԼ׳ʹֵúϲ죬漣ıС˺ܶ࣬ûôĴ̶ˡ
׳ԼδڻıһõĲ£ǵһȥøǶתתĽĽ׳ʹԽԽģݹǽ˵ڶˡ
ͻȻһ飬Ŀеǰ֪֡ƼƼ˭ءҪкסǰȴһһͲӰˡ׳ҪˣǱƵġ
ȻǲԻĶ׵ģҲȽϳĿ϶ҲС׳ͷôļ򵥵ģȻ켶Ϊһ̽һ£Ȼ¶ˡҪ֮һһѸٵˡԶʧҪһע˵©죬ǸɤŸظһ£ǵ˶֪˵ġ
ֳҲǺġǰҪײܷ˼ǿߴķ磬ôǿһ㶼֡һ̫ˣˡҶʲͬʵĻڷš
̥رԼɱ˵ԺУҶʿ֪˲ٵ顣йһεĻƽʢ˼ÿ춼ǿ߷Ȼ̥ظ죬ʵǸ˲ٵ


456 񹬣
Ҳʶһ㣬ʾޱȵͬôǿѪҺĲ䣬ҲӣԵЩˡ
ϵʵҲԶ˼˵ġвףҶҲźᡣܴﵽ׵ģߣ츳ȱһɣԶ䣬ȴ̫ǿѡ˷ɽ硣
˵Ƿǳֵص飬Ƕ˼˵Ǿ޴ʧʱ籬˾ĴսЩ˵ǿҲвٵİìͷָ˼ġ

񹬾ڻУ˵ʮֺңǻǵı־ԵĽˡ
ΪǵĴÿһطġƢֱֵ꣬ԵĽҲʮֵĴġһɢŻϵԪʯͷһֻҪǲǾԼļˡ
ȻҲһѶѵʯͷɵģǱĽ˵ȷʵҪˡ߰ģԵһǰڷŵķģģѳ˸ţѳԺǽѳԺǽð©Ľһ׼ˡ
ߣһԻı˫ʨӶԣһע·ˡҶʺܿľͷһԼߵ顣
ȻͷʨûʲôһģְڴſڡͷʨӾȻϢңŬ۾һ򡣶ʱǲܿƵģ΢ת
ǡ̫ƷˡѧģôоЩײġҲǷˣСֹš
Ҷ˼˺ܾãǾðսһΡô˵ðƵġݣֻҪСһЩҲܹ֤İȫġ
ڻڻУڵ˵ĺ󷽴ƻĺʱ˵ǧѷĻᣬ壬ûˡ
ʴͷҶಽĸʵ˸̬
˳Ĵͷʨм߹ûûʨ춯ġͷʨȻְģǻǶʱԼӦе𾴵ġʶʹɢЩʶӴ˳ͷ͵ĻʨͷСèƵá
ʽŲͣûͷʨڣֱĴȥ
ߴĻϵʹſڡ׿ߣҶ˵ˡףֻ˫¶⡣ѻĳϢҪǿࡣҶֻ΢΢ĸӦһ£ȷ켶Ϊɡ
ǰˣߴ˲临ˡһֱڽϵ΢΢ѹ࣬ߴʹͬʱϥ˵ϣ΢΢ĵͷʾʵ𾴡
ʹ߶̫ڵĸߴͷҲҪʸ߳ܶࡣߵͷõ͵͵ģԼϵĵ棬ûȥʡҶʶˣǸôĴڣôôݡ
𾴵ʲôôĿڣʱԼʡ
ôģ˵һǼһȴֲڳУˣϢգҲҪͨǶ֪ңĻͨôݣһԵúǲ
ϢŭǶˡ͸ĴšǻŵְͲźˡʵʹͷøˣҲӵĹǫ廹΢΢ĲʲͻȻɱһ㡣
ʵϣ㲻ĪģЩЩ͸ȥĵ̣ôײˣֱɱҲû˸ҷκεɵġ
˶ˣƢ𱩵ĻҲûʲôţȻӡոǹʹȻȥѯʵ⣬ոճھͺˣѾǷ˼ɻˡ
еġȻǲǲûɱͼǶһһ˹ţһˡ
ߣúõţҪЩĪ˽ҡʴҶ߽ǳŻУĵĴڴ˳ŵʹǴ˾
һְţԲ˵ȿԲǰ徲ġѾرˣͬʱĺš
ڼĿտõơŨĻԪؾͰѴͨһƬÿһ䶼ɼ
룬һ߸ߵŸֻϵ飬ŨĻϵԪɢľӨŴſڡҪǻϵĻܹκһе顣֪ǲһֶȤζ


457 ôϴ٣
ˣҶһͳ嵽˱֮ϡתһƨɾƽʱֻлʸı
ȻԪŨǱȴƨɡ΢ȣůģʮֵ߸ߵҶʶϣ·ʶС࣬һ֮ϵĸоȻ
ʵĸоһӵġ֮ϵҶʣԭǸҶɡȴƾյǱһ񻷣Եһ绢ȻȻɢ
ģһԭǻ˵ġһģѾϤҶʵʣһְڵҶʶĤݵĳ嶯˵ԭʵǿĻˡ
ҲǸϽĳ˹ȥϣȥĴʮֵĿԸҶʵ˯ôڣõĵȥġ
Ƭ̣һһܿľͶⱦʧȥȤ˵ȵЩ֮⣬ûаôֻҪʵǿȻȻĻĤݣеõЩ߰Ķ
һһ̽ʲôֵ˳ǣġ
һһʧˣ̫ڿտˣûʲôпԡ˵Ǽ˵һ㣬ǾԵùڵĺˡ
еķ䶼һͬص㣬ǾǴʮֵĿһǷǲʮֵĴ
ееķ仹һͬص㣬Ǿ̫ڵļª̫ڵĵһˡֻһŴĳӣȻʲôûˡҲǣֻһŴĴڷڴķеģʲôûˡ
⻹кܶķǿտҲģʲôûС֪鶼ûпϰߣǵûпϰߡУûһװģ鷿ûҵһ鼮
˼Ҷʸںߡϴ֣Ƣֻ𱬣ǲȥʲô鼮İɡ
⣬лл԰ǹǻ԰ɣһƬտϣмŲֵ֪ľ˾洦ɼĲʯͷҲ֪ԭеģǻĽϣ
⣬лһЩչ˻ճ˵ġֻ࣬ȵʮ˶ѡÿһʶһ޵ĹʮֵǫǺܿľͱʲͷĻǲɢˡ
еˣʹÿһԵʮֵĴϻĺ磬ʮֵաЩƯŮʹ
ΪˣаĶ黹ȥһ˳ҪﵽеĻŮģǲ۵Ůʹһһʧˣ⡰ҲȻһɫеġΧһۺɫΧȹڳæµ
ӦðǻƢûԵ۹ⲻûˮƽô˵ҲһôĺɣʲôûСҪ˵˳һЩˣҶҪһЩˡһһٴεĻص˴УƽϣȻƵ벻ס
񣬲ˮƽ⣬Ʒ⣬ԴҲ⡣֮ǰѾ˸ƭ˰ɡȻôôĸɾʲôûСҲǳԸš
ǶѾˣôЩġҶʿǱ˼ͽٻǻ񽣸ĹΡҶ˺ӡҶǸԹˣȻľͰˡޱȸԣĻϡ
ȴѻϴһգûѹȥǸû͵ġУģҶĥһ£ҲֵֻǮһЩɡ̫ˣ̫װˣҶҲûá
˼ȥģҶͷˡȻöԷǰ첻ˡôֻöԷʹˡֱӰѻˡ
ҶʰԼ뷨һ˵ԭΪһ۷⣬ʮֵ˷ܵģô̼飬һǺġ
УôһŪȫ֪ðƻҵˣǶˡ˵ˣô٣գǺ˷ܣ˷ܵ°ͶҪˣ˷ܵ˵ˣ˷ܵôһ
Ҷһ㶣ǰǣҪĽ»Ǿ˹ˡҪİѻǸˣ»񶼻Ҷ˰ɡ
ĲУֻġֻбƻǲֱӾͰѻǵǿôһһո磬ֱӢˡ
ˡУһҪ»СҶһһߵķصĴһ¡
ȭͷϵĴҶһ£ôеǻӣһ㶼ûطļӲĸо
Ҷİһ£ȻǼ֤漣ʱˡ


458 ±⣡
޴ĳصȻ΢΢׼ȷ˵΢΢ĻζҶʶǸϽһԣԷʲô
վĲ棬ܹĿ΢΢ǰƽĵײ¶һµĶڡ
ҶʽһȻ󶼵˵ͷƵڴ̽Ƭ̣ȵȷûиоʲôΣգŻ˳Ŷڴµ̨׻ȥ
ɵҲȫ紫еĻ𱬴Ӱ㲻Ǵϸء
ôϲܲڽءɽڽµɽСıأ¾֮µĵص˰ɡ
˳µĽ˴ϰ׵ӰɣȻ͵˵ҡڼ䲢ûһƣû׼ǿƽƵҶʶһ鷳鵱ȻԽԽõġɽͨɽĽϣһһɱһһƿ֮
صһտĿռ䣬ķģͿܱһЩӹ̵ơͬģҽһǺпԵġԴˣҶʶϰ˵ġ
⻹Ǻõˣûﰼȥˣ͹ˡķģǱȽˡ
ϵп˵ǿһûһֵǮĶУɾǶ˵ĶҪûŵĵطˡ
󲿷ֶһЩɢǿᲨĿʯҶǿ۵ġԼֲЩʲôá
һЩҩ󲿷ֶһЩɢǿĻԪزĲҩҶҲǿϡⶫޱȵ鷳ݵˣ˵Ч˼İݵġҪǰЩȥϵԪʹǻİɡ
Ҷתʱ˲һ͸˵⸡֡ҪϴһգȳȥʱҪʲô鷳ЩһЩ׷ǼԼ׷أȥЩǶıҩء
ԴӽҶʵУûôĲʱ˿ĲҶһ㶣ȻɲΪˡ
Ҷ֣һ˲гۡĸд͸˳ʵĸ䡣ڻղСЩԪŨҩܿľ͸ɱȥֻһƤкĻϵԪûɵɢӷ
һУ˸롣УΧһƬĲݵء
仯ֹͣˣҲµɢˡ
ڲܹҶʵʶ˲ֿ۵ġҲǻԪظŨĲ֡ҶҲ˳־ˣòϣԱʱ֮Ҳǲġ
ҶʴڽһĻ񱦲һһţûõĶõĶҶʿ۵ʵ̫٣󲿷ֶòϵġôأܸ
ҶʺܺõķԼơ¿۵Ķƾһȥʲô˻ˡҲҶĳһ
ǵ鶼ܸоڲʱĻζ֪Ƿʲô飬Ŷصࡣ
ҶʶԲǿĶźǿĸӦȻ˵࣬ҶʴɨٶҲǷǳĿٵġܺѸٵĴԼҪõĶ۵ֱһƾͼǰɨ
ܿģһһ͵˵ҵġȻ񶼱סˣôҲŲˡ
ľȻкܴһƬյأݵģŤġⲻΪµĺֽƣǱˡ
ݵһѳڳ죬Ө͸ŻĻ棬գʶŤݵĿռ䣬ǱԼɢϢŪġ
񽣣ҶʵȣѽҶʿǴġĻϵħʦֹһεٻģǸҶ˺ӡ
⻹ȫԱߣһȫսףһſֲĻ档սϻһģǻһ硣
սףҲ۾һǺö˱ϣǸö
ƫˣͷսҲԱСΪ˵ս׵ջҪǻ񽣵ջˡ
ȻƾϢĸӦֱܹĳ񽣵ƷҪս׸ϲٵġʵ۾ֻӷս֮󣬾һֱûŲġ
ʲôûСҵֵˡǸǧġҶʹЦ·Ѿ˷ҪĶʧ֮󣬱׵Ļ
ûлĴ߶ֻźıܡԶҶвҶҲ룬ֱ˵צӡ


459 ˣ
ȸץסսףҼһʹˡǳоҲûʲôãǻԪصĻô󡣡Ҷʶˣں󷽴ߴš
ûа취Ȼֻк΢ıܵʶǱ̫ǿˡɢϢһǿܻ˵ġҶʾͲͬˣƤģӦ˲ġ
ҶҲôģҲǵģ̫СֻһЩܡҶʵõ˻ʽڴԺ¶˵˻ʽĽԶˣͲһȽ׵ġ
ڸôһǶԼźܳġڶǾ˻ʽ˻ʽıΪһ壬ҶܹʹõġҶʶԻ¶Ȥʱ˻ʽǳԻĴݸҶһĵûаѻ񽣷ġ
Ҷʵֻ˽ȥʱ񽣸ܵΣգ𶯳һڵĻ档
Ҷüе˻ʽҲ𶯳һƲޱȵķ񣬳Ҳ˰⡣
񽣸ӦϢͣ𶯣ںڲеϢһֱڽϵĻ棬˽֮С
Ҷʲûֱץ񽣣ǰֱսסսӳʱ򣬾ѾǱҶһץУʱѹս׼ɢϢ
ҶҪս׶ʵʱԺе˻ʽȻԼС˱ɫСץе˻ʽ𶯣һ貵Ľɫİ罣˳Ҷʵֱۣս֮С
ȻҶʺĸӦսʮС飬Ȼ˻ʽϢʮֵĺ»ڲǶҶʻЩܵġ
ǺܿģһͳΪ˹ȥԶʧˡ˻ʽ֪ôģȻֱɱսе顣
ȥһʮرһ˳ѸٵıԺе˻ʽˡ
ҶһֱעţԿһҶʼ顣˻ʽȻȹ˶꣬ǻһ˿Ѻûг׵ĺϵġʱսƬ˻ʽϵѷСһ˿״̬Ҫ˲٣Ҳһ֡
СҶӣսҲǿһĻսױҶץУʱҪצȥסˡ
ҶʵͻȻһĽ⣬ֱӴ͸սףս׵顣ڵս׻սףҲ˵ǲսˡ
ȥˣս׵þҪۿˡʱ򣬻ܵһЩս̵ķǿһս׵ڣʲôЧûеˣֻսױĲʵļӲˡ
ʵȻˣĶֻǱͭһЩ¶ǰҶһȭĻɫˡ
ǿеİ̻ˣ;֪аս׵Բӵʺʡ
㣬սסҪƲϣԺһõĻɫҪǴһڹǣҶʶöҶʵֵܣǴôҶʿʿҪˣϽŹĺҵŵš
սףᡣö˶˵һΪǹˣû뵽ôĪıҶʸˡ
Ȼֲ˵ʲôҪִ˵ҪǲǾĳΪҶ˵ֻ䴩ɫôȻҶʵŵףѾˣܱûеǿɡ
սеoͬһʱ䡣Զǧ֮ģһûʵĳ˹ϢеĻҲиӦ
ս׶ǻԼ˲֪ǧ˵Ķ涼ŻӡĹУҶûдģͰԼս񽣲˵С
Ҵ˲֪ˣǰڻϣûȥҰġ˵ǰȫĺܣû뵽
ǴʱսϵӡͻȻûˡû˲͸ӦˡֻܣһǱ˻ٵˣһǱǿˡǲһ϶ԼҰˡ
ҰˣҶԼĶ⡣û˲۾ϱصѰˡ
䡱˳Ļ棬͵ĹѸٵߡΪڹĵϣ˻棬ϵĻʱľѹ
Ĺ˲дƬջ٣һƬ߸ߵĹ˶ճһ󶴣ԶԶľܿһԾ
Ҫʲôס֡еĸǱͻŪһ㶡еľľƱ˵ˤ˸飬Ѹٵ˹ܻĴ
еһô侲ôס֡һţմôз˳ȥŪ˸һ©


460 С
ôˣĿ֮£ôĪˡ
ߵøӵưܵİ©õĶ
еĴ󲿷ֵЩĪ뿪ˣ²ؼĶƫκһߣҲͲκһߵˡ
˵ĻðɣͷȻðɫʥȼաһ򶼸ʮֵƽĸоĹƽˣڵԪھҵķڡǸ崺ĸоŨĹԪأҲʱ
üͻͻͣ˿ٵ˵Ĵֿ˿ݶ׷ȥĳ嶯
ʱԶǧ֮Ҷʻ֪ʲôֻǻ񽣿ʼҵһڲҶв˾
Ǻ¶ˣܸоЩԾüе˻ʽһֱڸҶʾҶʾЩ
㻹˵ʲô㿴ʲôҪõģϽ˰ҶʵĻһеս׶˵ϡҲ˲üƽսôôˣϽߴҶʡ
һһҲǻڰ飬ǱȻڰӿµ顣ϴһı⣬;úǷҪ˵ȥ綼ġ
Ȼ˵ջǺܲģҪǱϻĻסˣʼҶҲԷĵİ
ʲôΪҲҪһİҶʼӿٶȡǻʱ򷴿øӵľˣͣҶʸǹ̶סġǻ񽣶ƿշȥĸоҶʸӵĳ
ҶָнɫԪתʱҶʵռ䱻ҶץþҵĲҶʿ˵ǰԼǿľѧչ˳ΪľǿٵĶס񽣡
ҶƴҲƴۿҪҶʸס˵ģͻȻ¾ҵȼڵĻڲմһС
һҶûѹƵס񽣴ҶʵĽ˳ȥֱƿնȥ
䡱һ죬ǶҵĶһ¡ٺҶɵģһķݶֱӵˡ
һڵĻ𣬿ٵƿԶȥˡ
ҶʿѾԤеҶе³һͷײ˶ĺ㡣ﲻڵڵĻ棬ͽļ̷¡˲ȥͷ㣬ȥƲײ˻
ҶʶǾһ亹һһһۣȻѸٵ˾
ҶһУӲӵ˻ʽͳСһɽɫķѸٵĳ𣬱Ѿ˵ĵֱ̮ˡݶǱĽײ÷顣
ǵ鶼ЩȣǿһڵĻˣôֳһ買Ľ⡣
Ҷתһûֱ˻ʽԶȥĻһһ·ŽٲϴɫĽѰǶˡ
ߣƻ¡ʻڷҶüͷеĿڴߴš
СȻע˻ͷˡҺýүүڴˣҲƤˡûлүүǰˡҲѸٵĻعˣ֪ڲǾҶʵսʱתԪĴ˳
ǡͷˡҶһͷĺߣȻ˽ʱ򣬸ԼĴ㡣̫ɺˣȻҸ̨ʣȻռԼıˡݺݵĵһҶʰʱУڲǷʱ
ҶҲĴ죬һüġȻҶ˻ʽѸٵĳ𣬿ٵŻϢ׷ȥ
Ȼܡ첻׷ƤͲ֪үôдġҶʿЩľģҲ֪ԼˡҪϷҪȥġ
ȻҲǱޱȵӴѸٵҶȥķ׷ȥˡ
һҫ۵Ľ⣬һâǣĴ͸գٵĳ˻ǡ
лвٵǿߣ񲻶ϵ˸źɻĶһʺ󣬻Ƿ׷ȥĴ㡣
ʵٶЩ̫ˣϢȻҲֻ켶ӡǴ˵еЩϡǰӴֻܵ׵ΪӣһϢ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵С˾ú֣кܶɵ㡣֪ǲĶȤζˣû׷ȥġ
ǴҾ;˹ˡʲôСȻǱСȻķǿҲʲôèܹȥġ
лǿյôôСעûˮĻϣʵ˷ѽ⡣


461 ˻ʽһս
ܻǵôģҶѾץס˴ԥʱ䣬ɿĳ˳ȥˡ
ȵ˻ˣҲͲˡٹŪĶ޲˵˶׷ҶһûԶˣϢСĵĸҶʵ
ҶҲǿٵϢе˻ʽĹâҲѸٵ
Ѿ˳ˣûбҪŪǳĶԼλñ¶ĵˡƱػܶǿ߸棬ҪҼôҪհʵɣǷǳõġ
Ҫбĵ˸ôһһĴΣˡҪհʷɵ˸ˣҲǲõġҶʶϷǵġҶʲףǸ߸ϵģһֱ׷Ҷʰɡ׷ˣҲϷٴ˰ɣһǿʿǺúŪġ
ǼðģЩʥǿ߻ӵķŭǻЩ˵ĳֹ⻹ǻᱩ¶ʵʵݡ
ûݵΣոյҶʣʵҲǰμģǽĴޱȵѡ
Ҷʣô죿ʵЩ֪˷ܵģΪոʵ̫̼Щµԭ
ô죬׷ȥ׷񽣡Ҷҧгݵģʮֵİաں޲ðԼָˣûȥϴʲôı
׷㲻˵иӦˣ϶Ѿڻ·ôʵĴײˣһƵġʱ򶼳Ϊɺ˸ˡĿɿڴû뵽Ҷʵĵ˵Ĵ
綼ûмֱϵġʿеŴײˣҪȥɰײ˸ɰ
Ϊ밡ǻеoȻ˵ȲսҲ˻ʽеĽ顣ǻеoѾ˶˼ά˵ģǵϢΪǻ񽣼סˡ˵Ҫ˳Ļص˻У񲻾ʲô֪ôһ֪ˣʹˣмǵĲ٣Щ鶼ôһ˵綼֪ܿˡҶٶȶ˼£ǻûп񽣵Ӱӣͷ϶ʼ亹ˡ
ɲǿЦģͬҶ˵һġҪûԼ˵ܣ϶ͻޱȵˡʱҪԵĿ¾ıˡ
ҿ֪ǻϴٸƨҰںˣŪһЧ˵սףű׷ɱΣգˡŸʲôӿٶ׷ʶʱˣصģù
ϻõ˵ôҶһͷĺߣҪǵȵʷڴߴ٣ǿͱץסˡ
Խ׷ҶʵľԽ³һ֡ٶûа취ƣ϶ޱȵġǿߣ˵Ͳ鷳һҪ˵ǿԽ磬ǿ϶еİɡ
Ҫǻ񽣵ϢʼǰԽ׷ӦĻ񽣵ϢҲԽǿҡҶʶΪǲѾˣҪһ취ˣǱȻģЩҸطǡ
ǣġҶʿ쿳쿳ǰǳһӰˣһѻĳƿӴܡ
ʷ֮ǰҶʾѾǷ˵ġ˻ʽ֣һЩϢӦǸ
ֽĳһؼԴľٵĴӲӵĴԵԪз˳Ҷʵۡ
е˻ʽâ貣ɢǿҵĽɫĺ⡣ϵǳ޳㶼ǻһڽϻ䶯ţɢһƵԴϢ
ʵ̫ԶˣҶʼƴˡرԴͬʱԪǲĵ˻ʽй䡣Ƭ̵ĹҶʾͺķһԪҶʲֱһкԼȫ֮ʱûа취ָʱû˿սͻ鷳ˡ
еĽҶѾѹƲסˣ˵ǴﵽҶĿǰǿ˻ʽ߾٣ǰǵ˹ȥ
һ貵İĽ˳ȥǳתŷ裬˻һжڽҵ
ʱ䱻ضˣռ䱻ˣмֻʣһĽ
ϡһ죬ǰĻĳΡаرѹ䣬ʣµİرײԸٶǰ˹ȥ
ҶǿѹסڲԪٵĳȥһѰ׹İػ񽣸С
ǰؽǻ񽣵Ľһ롣˿ڴ⻬ƽǱҶһɴŪ˵ġ񽣵ֶصϢڿٵɢ̵oѾˣپԣֻʣ˽ļ̷ˡ


462 ˣ
ʵ̫ˣ˻ʽ˵ġҶ̫ڱˡеoֱӾͱˣβʣ˻ʽûа취ˡ
ҶʵɫÿûΪ˻񽣾һġüͷ壬鷳
ʲô㶰񽣶ˡŪôĶһܾͻʹˡڻߣȻ񰡡ҶڷʸϽߴšǰ׷Ż񽣵ʱޱȵĽڻѾˣʻͬޱȽ
鷳ˡѾˡһ£ԼûпƺãҲ֪ʲôطȥˡͨҸӦпֲ˼µĻڿٵĽӽҶʷƽżҲûõģԻš
ʲôѾˣôôĿ졣ǻʲôϽӰҶʵĻ˽׵۶ըҶʵ½ǾҪ·ġ
ʲôӡôʹǧ֮͸ϹˣлܵĿ죿ȥڵصȥҪԪԽԽáҶֱһץʣȻͶ˵档
Ȼ֪ҶҪʲôȷʵҶ˵ٶȼֱ쵽޷ǲܵˡʵʵĿʼڵص̵óˡ
Ȼ˵ûʹԪԪצУ϶ǿǣӲʯǶһĴڣܴȥס
ҶҲûͦţʣµĴԪʱռͬʱתԺеĽɫС˶ŵĴӡĳ۶ǹĵҶʵĸֵ۶ת
гһŻռʮֵľңźܿµϢɢҶʺܿľͺĹڵԪѿŻºˡ
Ҷʿٵ˵ϣŪĴСʱǿĺô˳ˡڵп˵ǿտҲҪǻһʿʱûа취ˡҶʻǿ壬ͬǿޱȣһܹǿսġ
Ҷʿٵĳ嵽ʵһһʼھ
ʶҶôľͰԼŪôЩ⣬֪ڲѯʵĺʱҲſٵھ
ֱ˵ص׵֮һһͣѾ۵Ĳˣ⿿壬Щġ
ھͨһһ֮ͨѸٵıھʯˣϿƽƽģû˿۵ĵط
һһΪǲ׵ҲûоʲôӦʲôܵĵط
ֻҶһʱ䣬пֲĲƺƵˡ
ͷ׵ĵϣһգǿֲĳȵ¶ֱ͸صģϢʮֵңʾ˵ӿڵ硣
һһס˺Ԫֹͣת˼״̬һ˿Ϣɢ⡣صĴΪһƵá
˭˭ɵġͷϿմһȣֱ͸صҶʶˡ
ϵʱ˻񽣱˵һĻ˵ǵպǴ룬ޱȵѾñƢĻܹ緢ˣǱеɨӡ
⻹µģµǣһĽⶼѾǲŻıǼµġǿֲпһеķϢû˲оȫ䣬ĸӦʹ߲ˡ
ⶼ֪ˣõûЩһαýôʲôʱˡһ˲۾ˣȻʼȼ˰ڰ͸Ļˡ
һץס˱ײԼİػ񽣣˲˺գϢԴس˹
һֻǿֲϢŰڻɢĻһռ䲨ϢСѵ˺ˣ
񷢿ˣڵĿֲĻϵԪһ˲ͳ⣬Ƿ˵աɢſֲ¶ʲôܹڻջ١
ӲĴڿٵܽ⣬ճĻҺ塣Һڸ֮пٵıţڿٵ³ܶȻʵضʯĺüġ
Ҷʸо˿ֲĻȥȻҶѹסڵԪ˻ıܻڵģܵ˹Զһ㵭Ľ֮£ûκεĻܹڵġ
ʾͲˣƫɫ壬ѸٵıϺɫȻͨ졣ȻŨ㿪ʼ޵ĿռɢҶʲ㱻ˡ
Ҷʿ˸Синл˼ʳǷк濾ġ


463 Ҳ
ʵӣϴ㡣Ҷʿ֣ͷЩ̵촽ȻһĭʵҲЩ⡣
ʵɴ۾ĶҶʣǲͬ¶ȣҶʿҪһЩҶʾȻԼ˻˼
ҶҲ̫ܣ񣬶ЦЦһһ˵һϵƣҪǳһܲ
ڵĴΣգŵϵıܽĿӶԽԽҶʸܵĸҲԽԽֲȻͨʣҲܲ˵ġ˵ͻᱻΪʷ˻
ҶҲ֪ǸԼʲһ㣬ǸԼ˵ġҪԼǸͨʿĻǿѾǿֲĻˣҲͲˡ
ʱǿֲĻ˲˻ȥˡѹҲǺܴģڵԪȫ˳Χһн޲ĹΪо˻ڸǲ֪ʲôطֻô취ȶԷ
һѹʹˡԪĵʮֵĿ١еĵܹϻ񽣵ģǾһǸӰġ
ôһҪûȳǱصĵˣгԪԸˡȻԪĹˣ˳ˣԼȴûսˣǸԷͷô
ѵȥ˻ǣұϷˣˣûпѹԼ
˵Ż˺գһԭʧˡɲǼԶȥˡ
ʱǰݵĴػɢſֲĸ£û˻ĳȣ̵ҽٵҶʵĲػв׵ͷϷ˲һ׵ĺؼӲ塣
ǿֲ¶ȿٵɢ֮£ҶʶЩܲˣëЩĽɫѪ顣ڵĹͷǱǱĵ죬ֿٵı޸ˡ
ʾͲˣĹѣɫѪޱȵҡ
ʹүˡ˾ôˣȵʰˣһҪץȥˣ̲ס˴СǰܹһֱǿûзΪˡ
Ԫٵתţʵʱɢһɫϼ⣬ѵڿٵĸԭҲͬޱȣַһ߹һĺС
Һˣǿȥ뿪طҪҸطȵܹܻ֮һץȥţҪ
ţٵȵȡҶʸϽסʣֹסʵçײ
һ̶ҪˡֲҶʵļֱֻգһߣҧгݵŻ
꣬˵ռЩ΢ĲҶһסʵͣͬʱĲٴαѹƵ˱㡣Ҳ鲻ͬѹסڵԪĲ
ջѿһյĻٴγӵϷĿӦһ£ûзвԪ
ѵĲҾȻӦˡܵİ
ֹģٴ˺գѸٵԶȥˡ
۾ҶޱȵԭһֱϷݵû񰡡ҶʵԱԱޱȵնû뵽ȥ
ҪûҶʵĽ飬ոմﳤͱɱ˸ǹĻץ˰ɡ
㣬ֱԪ俪ǿȥλոߣҶʾʹߴʡҪҶڿտҲʱԿ˻޲ĹǸӵҶԼˣõŻҪȥԸʰ¡
ڵȵȡһֻô졣յģû֮ǰļԵ÷ǳĳס
ƨ㣬ûˡʱܸʱҪǵȻȥúõ˼һҪǷ˲Ծĵطͳ֮ôҶ̧־ʵԴûһ£÷ǳ
ҲˣԼǰĽɫġһ·ϲûҶʴ򶷹Ҫû񿴳ЩٻعͷϸѰң˵ܰԼҶʶھġ
ʷϺһ죬Ȼûд򴩡ٴһ죬ͬĲա
һһŷͷϷǸļӲ壬ºȻޱȡ׵ľ룬ⶼֻʣһײˡҪǻһһһʱѾ˰ɣﻹϢĴ
ĻҶʶоЩֽűġ
ƿ˳ص壬ٵ˳ȥ


464 ٺ
ٵӣ鼱֮Ҳ˲ôˡҶʷʵıϣȻЩȻҲ֪Ҳסûз
ٶǸ찡ֱԼڿпٵİڶţֻһɫ磬ѸٵƿԶȥˡ
պһɽˮĵطٲɭ֣ʮֵΧһжûܵʲôƻ鶼ôĵط
ҲôˣоҪʪ࣬Ѿǽˮĵˡïܵɭ֣ǿĺ˵һ㡣
ĵȻ˵㲻ƶ񤣬ôĺģûïֻܵ֡żܿһСӹƬͰ֡
ɭлХԳ䣬ݳݺɵġůٲ֮ϣӳһƯĲʺ硣ͨѩףֻͷɺ׳ٲԱ߷衣һĵطһ͵Դ
ǴʱһôͣôӦ顣Ҷʾٲ͹ľʯ֮Ͽ⡣յž죬Աߵɭо͵ȡĵġſʳƣ֬ڻ졣ʳҲԱɭо͵ȡĵģץһͷ˫¹
ʴҶһڳȥԶֱ֮Ž˵ϡ˸εĵطһһץʱٵĻָԪյʱ䣬Żָ˹ȻרС·ߣһ·շתŵ
ڼ䣬Ƿ˲ԡҶǳķ׷˳ص֮к󣬿ϴһյı⣬ðɡ³ϾɺޣӾͽˡ
ҶɣǸɲ˵飬ˡŭ֮µĻſֲף˲ͰûԵʯͷɵˡ
ŵˣΪֵĵܡĻʨҲӶˣŭյĻһɱˣõĶ˻⡣Ӷˣʯʨ˰ɡ
˻ǣЯƵ˳һ·ϸ˼ɣƻһСس궼޷̵ҽӡݵĻϵ鶼˲Ϊ˽ٻҡ
ڻֵҶԪĵصǳΪ˻صŰĶԪͲƵĻӻ
һ׵ľ˲ͱŭĻմˣȻ͸ӦҶʲϢӵķŭˣȻԼƤӵ±Ϸˣˡһŭ֮մճ˲صص׵ϣջ˰ɡ
ԴûԶԶҶʶһͬһѶͷ亹Զܿػ죬Ƭնͨģʵ̫ڵĺˡ

ȫ¹Ѿɢ˵ζˡȻûʲôϡǴɭҵ˲ٵζŨĲҩ͵ɽҩҶ˵Ҽ˱ǵĲҩĲʲôѵ顣
ԺûãζûСҶʽһ£ȻҲֱֽ̣˻֮УһĽɫ¹ȡ
Ҷüͷµľ̽СҰ죬ڻζ
Ҷʶֵʱ˲ٴεĿˮͷ˼촽۰Ͱ͵ĶҶʣõȴҶʵĴ𰸡
Щôζٳһµײʲôϡæ˴ʱˣôŪľӵġҶЩźȻֳһ׳¹ûעʱҶʵǹճһĨƻ΢Ц
Ҷ߰Ľڣһ¹ˡǷӳ˹һ޳ܣȻҲսƵ¹
һͷ¹ܿľͽһһĶСߵĶӶЩ΢΢ĹҶڴʯͷϣһһ߿ٲϿշɺסҪץһֻɺʲôζҶԺк˼
ô죿ҲѧſʯͷСϢոճԵЩˡ
ô죬ѰҴ¡ѵҪɭеһӵҰҰҶĵĻشţһ㶼ûеĵӡ
ӽЩ鷳İɡǰòڻһͨشҶµ˰ɡʵĵĲ޵ԼҶǵģȥ˻ãͷʧԵ顣ȻԼ׷С˳ȥȻСһʧˣûϢ
ҶɵӣֻҪǰһ飬ܹܿкܶ˵İɡ
ʲô鷳˵Сطʧˡ˶նûҵȻͷˡ˭ΪģҶʷŰۣĺΪʵż
Ҷʾ벻ͨˣֳ̣ʲôǶԽ


465 ҪԲзۣ
ˮϸ塣׻𱬵ĻȫˡˮҲּˡ
Ҫ˵ǼªֿĻôˮһ͸¶ž»Ҫ˵ƶߣȻˮǱȷʵǵƶֵġ˼µˮǣܳƵǸ
ٵĳһˮɫĳˮнġȻ˴˶ʶǴҶҪġûлǵ֣ûֵġÿһˮϵ飬ǾϤʿֹݡ
ȻʵֵĵȼƶҲǴڵģƶÿһطͨõġˮеǿߣߵʱȻֵĹ°ȴʢˡ߶ǿߣҲֳ㹻𾴡
ǶΪԣգڹԵ֮ˮǶΪŮԣÿһŮʹˮһ㡣
һգˮӭһر͡Զľʹ˴ȵ·ˮϵ鶼΢΢üԵЩ
ǰǰȵҡԶһĴȻҶʵġҶԼԼĿƣСһЩҲǳһЩҪʶ˻ϲ
ȻαˣϢûа취ġҶʻĺܿȥģԪĲʽǻ¶ЩĲͬûа취Ҷרһͷ׵ˮȡ˳ճԼĺϡע⿴ˮϵʹһģһ
û꣬ûҲ˵ôʵҲˣԵúǲͷ
Ҷںǰӻشǳˡǰһʱ䣬ʧԣߣϢǷһĴˣΪЦ
Żѿ鴫ġǸصǰֵϢһʱײβǰҲΪʱ۵Ľ㡣
˵ǼٵģɶʧԵйءҲ˵ģȥҵڶ
ַ񶨹۵˵ˣôСһʧˡ֧˾˵ˣΪǰ׷Сȥˡ˵ˣΰǰҪʲô飬Ҫʲôʱ֣õͨô
ʱͳǰһһ֮ǰĴеĲ˲ʧˡһ˶䣬ţ׵İ֮ҵȼ
˵Ůһ̨ϷˮôŮԣǾͿݳһƻֺ곡ΰĴϷˡ
ҵȻǰЩˡҪ˽Ųôܸ㡣ҶĵЦţһǲСƨ
˵ɣʲô¡ʵԵҪһЩˣû֮ǰľǧ֮ı䡣
Ѱҿǰ˵սʵ̫ˡû뵽һʼȻʵ˲Ȼǰһµʵǰ˴ƨҶʹ˵⻰Զˮϵʹһ
ȻҶʵĻеװ⣬ʵ͵䶼Ƕ˶Ҳ֪šķ򿿽һЩҪĸӵ
̫ˣʵ̫ˡıǱ˾Ȼǰ뵱ʵԻȻǿ߷డҲѹǰôòٴεĳУһֱ׷ɱ˰
һֱ֧ʵ鶼ϲһĻ˵ǼðҥԾͲˡ
˵ʲô¡Ǽ顣Ȼˣû˰ǹѿô˲ͱŭˣϵƬ΢΢źš
ЩɧˣǰԳԷȻܵˡ˵Сǰ˵СǰûаͬλõŽˡ
ֿܣôٲ¶ҲпԭˡҪĹעУŪһε顣ǻֽ̳ܴҵĳЦ䣬˵ȶȹȥٳ֡ܶ˶ѡߣҲðѡ˵ڶܡ
ǰĲġսҿˣ㣬ֶֻ̫ƻ̫ˡͻȻ͵Ϯˣ˳ѵġ֧ģҪ׷˭㣬ҪԲзۡҶʰԼĵ죬Դ־
Сӻ˵ˡҾ㵱׷˭ˡϲǵһ׷ҵˣҲյһ׷ߡԵúǸˣҶʵļúһȵǰˮǷȥ
ת֮ǰ˽һɫ¶һĵ΢Цݵòڱ˿ֻҶʳɹĵ׷ڸˡʱǣû˿


466 ɹˮǣ
ʴҶʣͦأĽȥˡȻսˣǴҶٵġʧܣҲҪսթȡʤ磬ԹΪ׼ݵ
˵ĹעУһսڲ֪ĵطˣڲ֪ĵطѾʧˣЩЩӰġΪ˽й̵飬һµΪ뷨
ޣվߣ֪ĸԲзۣܡԽںӣΪԽܡźһ䣬ǵĹĻ
ޣվߣ
ޣվߣ
ޣվߣ

ʹøߺ塣鶼Щѹ֣ôһ仰һҶ̫ˣʵ̫ڵĴҵ̬ˡ
ڶߺһƬԽԽ鶼˽ȥҵơ
ϲҶʵļıʣûзɵ̫죬Ǹոմ˳ţȻҲ˴ҵĺˣһͷԵ˵ϡҪĺվߣҲνˣǴҺ޵ʱԼİ
һһˮǵĽֵεеĽһ¶žʲôװ꣬ʲôƵӦоСʲôǺ«ģСߺȡҶʾ˲Ļ㱣ΪԼǲǽĳǳˡǰһп˵С
ߵģ˵ʹǸָޣһˮɫĳʱʱ̵̿Ҷ磬˼硣
˳һЩҪһЩѺǲ˭ʵĶġޱȵĹҪִҪƵüˣԷֱӹˡ
ֹ˵˼ʲôûĺҪĸϰһЩǮԷȻҪ˹ˡ֪Ҫ˵Լ˼ʣʲôЩ˻᲻Ǯô᲻ֱӰԼץȥˡ
ֻ룬ûĵԼİȫȥЦ
ҶҲǾþ棬ġʲôͰץסȥȡû뵽ҲмеģҶʮֵľ档
ҶȻԼһЩǱϾǰûºֻ֣ϸ΢ĸı䣬İһ۾ϳˡǿڵģûмֶ١
ٵŮʹҶʳĻʵҲպϣҪǸһˡͷһһǰǰ;ǿԤġвٵŮʹҶʵĺøгɼαҶʱֳ㹻ԵĺøСֻҪҶͬ⣬ľܹԼһˡ
ҶԵĶЩŮԲôģǵ̬ȺͶԴŮ̬ǽȻͬġֱӰЩ۵ʹ˿
ʵһһҲϹ䣬ˮƵĽǰơҲ˵һһģĿĵˮǰơ
ѵϢûдˮĶУЩˣȴ˻ûдϷҪôȥأ
ʵⶼҶƵģһһڳſڵıݿʼһһѾˡϷҪȫףҶʿһϷġǣνˮκˮ
һһ˵ˣ˺ܶ飬ŰϷݸֻһһϴϣһϷˡ
ǵʱ˳ľʹеĹǣǰŪøӵ˷룬׵ĸй硣˳ĸҶһǳĹٷݣĸ࣬Ҳʲô˶ǵ˰ɡ
ˮ֮ǰ
ˮ֮ǰ
ˮ֮ǰ

ˮдһĳԶԽԽǴģһһͨİɡֵһǣһЩŮ
ˡҶжǳһͷͬʱһ
ΪǣŪôһϷҶΡΪľǿٵľˮúˮԼȥӵ֤ʵɡ
һ£һˮɫĹĴſ˳ƽ̵ʵǰӭӹ̬
ԭΧҶʿֵ鶼ǿٵ˿ˣվ˹֮⣬˼еӭĳ档
˵ڻһȻˮ񶼵Ȳˣʼʵ˵һȻҶʸϽϡ
ЦݣôֵϡҶҲһƽûκεĸʣˮɫĹ


467 ˮ
ˮ˵Ǹûˡеÿһ䣬Źȴʢ˵ѹȸо
մӻгˮУоǴʯͷɹ
ˮһǺܿߴ󡣵ȴûпյĸоһʯһڻǡôܡ
е˺ܶ࣬Щˮʵͽˮ׷ߡȫŮԣҲŮԡһЩƯĵŮʹɤ࣬Ǹ밲ǿڸһһָ
ûаָ棬˱ӱѺĸо
ҶʶЩƮƮˣ·ƶˣżȫȻЩŮӶһԳ򣬵Ʋ򲻿˼Ůӡ棬ֱɰܰҶʶ˰ˮȥԼȡ֮Ĵˡ
һŻǼǴ˵еˮˡ
һˮɫ磬ûһ˿ɫ䶼ǵɫģˮתĹڲɢ
еһУˮ̶ˡһˮأǲģǵµˮǻˮһֱŵġ
ΰʣױ̨һŴĴģһжˮγɵġеһУڹϸˮҲԼĽ塣
ɣˮ촽ɤŴޱȵᣬһ糤Ӹλĸ߸ϵ
Ҷ޵ĶһȻȻȻ߽ˮ硣
ʻ˵ֱڿƯţСķ˽ȥҶ˫תŻްԪԼеĽɫԪǾģģһŲˮϣԼƷ
ûеˮеĲĸоµʵ壬ǼʵĴһ㡣
εҶʸϽ˫ϵԪ̤˽ȥ˫ۺޣûзĿŵ
ӷеĲøֻзеӦþˮĹ뷿ˡŮˣλޱȵĸߡʵû˵ҶʻûôŮӡ
ŮӵĹ뷿ǸʲôģҶʿǺĽˮİԼ뷿нӼģǾûвĵˣײİ
ȵҶʶ߽ˣˮٴεĿˡ
ҶʶĪǰûеӣʲôطѵڵϣ
Ҷʵνʵݣðʲô׷ߣ޷ˮƽƽġ
ʲһðҶЩʱƶϵĻĵλߡ¶ûĵλߵġ
ˮô˵ĶԴʣǿðƻ˵Ҫ̽ǳǲʢ֮ʵѸ
ֿܣ˵ʲô¡ҶҲˣҪǳ⡣һһҪİɡ
ˮˮˮҲзŭʱһǿԱɽġ
˼תʱˮ˲ˮѸٵ̳ΪѻӡߵҶʶһ
ƽҶֿʼˡȻصǷˮϡ
Ҷ׵ľ֮⣬һŴˮһˮɫ˿ʳȹˣĲˮϡҲҶһڴҶʣҪ̹ˣк棬Ҳζ
ˮ񼡷ѩףˮȻǲ˵ˡ۾߱ü续Ȼһͷĳɢڼϡ
ˮʵ̫ˣֱǻһ㡣ǼŮӵҶʣ˲ʧ񡣶ﲻȤʶǶ࿴ۣ̾ϲԶˮĺ
ԶδԶӭʵǷǳıǸˮٴεĿˣ飬ʮֵöһħˮһ㵴Ҷʵ
ԭдСžŵҶʣֱˮﻹЩģǸԵеŮӡǴ˿̷ǳ׵ľƽеĸһɨա
ˮʵǿˡҲҴŶԡʲҶˮӣϽ
֪Сںηʲôģˮûһתһ⣬ͻأĸоôȻںѶԻһ㡣
ŶСĽҲС֮£㱻ˡȻûˣСܵˡˮǶעһ£Сܵˮˡ˵ˣǰҶʶѾ˵һˡҲһΣȻſھ


468 ¶
ôãСѾǽҵˮء㲻أˮͻȻˣû֮ǰĺͷϸ꣬ǷŭĴ󺣣˲
ǺǣǺǡôءСѾǱҴˡˮ෴ķܵġһ㶣εЦԼ𾪡
ҶҲ͵͵תԪʼСĵĽ䱸Ҷʲ֪ʲôطʧ¶ţǡõıˮʶˡЩҪСҪ
ȻˮޱȣҶҲǸִеˡԼкܶҪкõδɲˡƾˣҲҪӳȥҪˮ̵ӡ
˽뽣ںϵ˻ʽҶҪĴ㲻ƴ۵ƴĻʵġҲҶʲǻǣˮǣҡڵĽ˵ԭ
ҪֻǿһͷԣһٳӣҪǿһһˡ
Щסˣ޵ĴҶһۡҶʵ򾲣ʵҲƽ˲١
ǣȴΪǡǡ෴Сպˮǵķˡ˵ôʡˮ¶΢Цǻޱȵ
ҶȴŮЦʮֵĵ⡣ǿ˱ܵСŮˣЩƻ
ô֪ҽʡŶǣҲʡΰǰʱܵĴӦˣŷ˶ԷļıϽʸڷϡ
ҶʸͻȻɱͲΣɫĹ⻪һ˻ʽͳСһԾе˻ʽصˮϵˮ˹ȥ
ˮ񺰳ʵһ˲䣬ʵͫС֪ҪšȻǶ׵ľ˱ϵȦסҶʲٵˣֱӹϵĳˡ
ҪĴ򶷣ʮʼʮҶʶˮĶֻ֡ôͻȻ͵Ϯ˻ʽķܻˮĹŻ벻Ľ
ھ޴ʵ֮ǰ͵ϮҲ𲻵κεõġҶѾ嵽ˮǰе˻ʽǿҪˮˡ
ҲˮʲôϳһˮΣֱӾͰҶʸСҶʵĴײˮλζǾǲľ
ҶֱӾͱסˡˮβ߱ˣȴмǿԣźǿĹԣһֱԭ״
Ҷʼҵ֮¿ռ䶼ʼܲҶʵʼˡȻùԶֺ
ӦҶʰɣǸ˻壿ˮǶˣɢɢһӨϸСžôվˮϣսˮеҶʣЩĺ档
ôôôʶǵģǺǵһμ棬Ҳû¶ʲôԵҶƴţԺвңѯˮ
һҪ֪𰸣ԼΪʲôᱻʶơһ棬ҶҪʱ䣬ȡһʱ䣬һ˿Ļᡣ
û¶ʲô뷨ܺãҲܾʡôһһļıӦСԴİɡǵʱ򣬾ѾʼϷ˰ɡˮûֱӻش𣬺촽³һ֮ʡ
Ҷʵޱȵѿһ߰Ҳ˲ҡ⻹õűôһһΪǾտݼһʼѾǱԷʶˡ
ԼݵʱˮŮӻ᲻ᷢһ΢Цأ
˻ΪٰҶ㲻ǻǸƢģҲͿġҲͬҵӴءҶʶ̽飬ΪŮӣҲ˼ҵơʶ̽ˡˮ΢Ц˵ֱ׵˵ԼΪŮӵơ
ҪǲǵжԹϵѵĻҶʻѾԻ̾һŮӵ̹ϡڣҶĺҪһ䲻ҪƾʲôŮģͿ̽ˣ˭Ĺء
ô֪ҽҶʣΪʲô֪ʣҶһĴܣˣ׵׵ˣôûһ˿
ǸܡҲ˵һ֪ˡǵΪҾͲµˡϴٻһΣǵĵһʼû뵽ǵϡʵʹ찡ͿǸ˲ˬˡˮһĵ⣬֪黹ǲٵġ
ǡҶٴεĿڣҪʸϸ
ˡǲġ˵Ǹˣһ˵ôǻʲôܣҶʻû˵ˮʹҶʵĻҶʻǱȽ˽ģ֪ҶҪЩʲô


469 ıҶʡ
ˮûлɱҶʵ˼֮ǰŭŭ֮⣬ָֻ̬
һƯŮӣΪһˮϵ̫񻷣ǿޱȣޱȣȻҲ˽֪
һ϶ǿŮӣȻı顣ʵںõ
ʱŮӣſҶʵϡֻ֮һ㱡ˮ֪ǲãҶо˶Է¶ȡ
ˮſˮ֮ϣˮ֮޷ҶʡˮգŲǳĴ۾ĶҶʣҪҶ˻嵽ʲôͬġǲҲʹһ㣬ֻжһЩʲô
ҶʱôŮӣôǺ汦һĶţʵЩԲ۽ǵܹŮǰĴƬѩס
ҶʻһССŮӣ˽ľǣ޹ǵģġ밮˿һôˣҶҲֻǣ֡Ͷû׹ģҶʿԷģкüζҪжˣǱԼסˡ
ҶĺҪԼ⣬Ҫ밮˿׹СˣŮӵ˽һˣǲǾͲôѿˡ
Ҷʲ˼ϸоԲҲЩԲˡоѪӿ¶ߣһŻ궯
ѽѪˡˮһһа׵ָָҶʵıӡ
Ҷʵɫ˲ͨ죬޲ڸضȥܹĻҶбʲôŮӶôåˣҪҪЩСлˡ
ȴӱǿմȾˮеˮ֣ѸٵĻˡҶȻǿǰˮмƵĽɫѪζ
ˮָˮһҶôƵˮΣһı˿ˮλˮ飬˽µˮ棬ûнһ˿
ѽѪǽɫġˮûоôŹҶʣҶʱǿҽɫıѪֵĺ档ߵҶʵĽǰָҪȥ
һ¿˵Ҷʺܽˣûһ㱡ˮεҶǺŵˣˮǵܰ㡣Ũ̱ǣʮֵĵţʮֵĺš
ˮƶǰһԴСҲ΢΢
͡ҶѪӿǿеıѪȪһĳ˳ҶһᣬᣬˮҪҪôȡˣôµʵˣôôȻ
ҶˣԸˮ˭ĶءǱ̽вҲǻڷˮ֮ɢ˵İɡ治֪ΪˮͷĻôһֻ᲻ѹܴ
ҶʸϽתˮѾˮʶˣҶҲͲҴˣתԪס˱ǿףǿֹѪ
תͷһͿʽҪЦˡڵϺҵķţͳôģЦ˶ˡ
צովΪ㱩¶ˣҲųֱץ˵ġղſ˵Ƿǳ򾲰һ㶼ûҪҵİɡȻôûûεĴЦҲƤˡҶŭˣųʡ
һѰסʵ壬ȭʵۿһȭһȭʵۿںڣǰŽɫת
ƨı¶һͱ˷ˣֻĺӣһϷ˵ˣ㶼ֱӱץˣҲûа취ⲻǻûô취ʱһȭƢҲˡ
ȻһһͿʼ˷ɱ߿˵ڴķйʱܵȻûԪҲǿֲġҶʵ·飬϶ѪۡҲ˫ۿںһƬǿڱѪ
ˮһ߸˵ֽģ򡣻ְ㻹ְͣϲֵɱˣʵ̫Ȥˡ
Ҷʶһͷĺߣˮ񣬻ǸħȻôµȤáֻ˼йŸﰡ磬ǿ߹ʹҲ˽ܡ
ǵݣûɱǣҪǸʲôҶ·Ȼ飬ǻסصĲλġҲûӴ˵ϣŲԶˮ
˭˵ҲɱǵġҪϣȻǵϣɾһһɱǡˮ׺ݵ˵ҲѧֵģдذĴ¶˳
ˮע󡣡ҶʵȻô׵ıˮסˡϽתͷˮѴȸϡ


470 һ
źߣˮںһߣǺܿĺҵ˼ˮɫȹ°ڣѽ׵Ĵȸסˡ
˵ѣʲô顣ҿɲô㣬ǰֲʶҶʼˮȫǰѩΪȹӵĹϵûа취ȫڣҶҲͲȥˡ
˼ҺģȻôĲҡһϲأһأˮգĴ۾ЦĶҶʡ
ҶҲˣˮϸĴԼҶԼ۹۱ǱǹģΪ
ûˮҶһҲҶʲôסˮȰˣû˼
ˮ񲻿ЦˣҶҲһʼʡ
ˮҲΪҶˣҶʲôͻشʲôˮҲһ죬⻰һ򿪾ֹסһ⣬ˮش֮󣬻쿪ȥһѵġ
ÿʱҶʾͿ񷭰ۡˮ񿴵ҶʾȻҲʼҶʲôشװû
˼֮Ҷˡһ֮󣬵ˮشɷӣܹܶŵģҲǶһЩջ
ʲô񲻰ϴ裬ϳζʲô֮ʵͬϲǹȻ˾չһǵŰʲôոճʱûбȣûԴŵˣżĻˡ
ûãҶҲһˣ͵һЩϢˡô˵أˮǲÿζˡŽţˮԼ̲סǺǵĴЦ
Ҷʻ˽⵽˲١ڻǻŰʱһڵ۹ǡڰֻǿᷳȥˡ
£ҪôԸ˼磬ôȥŪһضָȻҲᵽƽڣ
ڣһĳЩЭ飬ĺ֡Ȼô׵ľ˺˿ռϣҶʵһǡ
黹ûһͻȻ䷢ˣûʵĹĶճһ󶴣ǽڽڣùˣֱǹһ
ڣȽ׵Ĳ˵ĸӦġǳ׵ķˣҲӦһЩ顣
о֣֪ʲô˾Ȼ˵ɹǱ˻˻Ķ
ʱҲסˣԻķŭ˵Ǹͬܡ񶼸ϴٵģδؾûеһϴǵġ
Ҳû˼ʲôƨԲˡҷ׷׵ҽڸˣһսԲôɢˣҴҴȥֻ˹һ˿ŽڵǽڱȱǲǱԼڵɫڡ
ȻˮͻˣصļƲʲôСʲôҶʡҲµƶϳˣҶһ϶ԼģΪñȽϽô
ѾµҶݵˮ񣬾ݴ͵ģ۹һҶֵľʵıݡˮޱȵҪԼ֪ܶܣҲǻᱻҶƭ˵ġ
ˣҶˡҲ˼綼ʲôĶȻڸҪǸˮͰĽߵķɿ죬ܿľͰһ顣Ȼ촽һڴõҶʵġ
ҶҲûʲô˽ģǲǲˮڽ˽˼ĲʲôġҶֻһЩ˼ʲôóԵģģԼ֪Ķ˵һ顣
˼ʿƽʵжǿ߰ʲôģҶֻδᡣ
ˮҲ⣬ķǳĸˡҶʽĺöεĺóԣˮһ¿ˮʲôģˮỶȸԾһ
ҶͻȻˮЩȻλȻֵİɡȻڿģһӡ磬˶ʱ򣬻Ҫάһ
ȻĻôһ˵˶֪ģһصĵ䷶ˡôˣû˵
ˣȻ֪ЩûиҽסǸˣҲͲΪˡΪеԨԴһʼҾͲΪǵġҪҸҪҶܰȡġˮҶʰ죬ҲҶĵģ֪Ҷʲٽˡ
ȻˮһЩסҶʣҲǸһ衣Ȼ˵Լ鷳
ʲôҪȥȡԼźܶûиˮסˮҲԼСܡҶҲǹûˮʲôԨԴĻֱ˺仰
ʵҶ֪ԼˡˮҲһСĻһ䣺Ǹܡ


471 ʧˮȣ
ˮȣҵר˵ˮЩ˼ˣɫĵľȻЩ졣
Ƕÿһ˵εĻ顣ˮˮĴˮȵˮһսܹ෢ӳھȻŪˣϢҶͦġ
ҺˮڵƫִӣȻڿܾûʵǿᣬȫصĹ⻷ֵˮҶϹˡ
˵ҪЦˡҶȻǲŵģˮôˡѵһɣ
Ҷʵ⣬ǵ˵϶ѣˮ񿪵һЦֱӼͺˡ
㲻ңĵˡ͵ͷڣ֮СˮҶʣĹĵӣԵú
㿪ЦҲһһĽںòáĹ֮ǰһֱ˼ɽУҶȥûпʲôµķһıŷ˵ԼˮȵĹУ˭أҶҲЩˮദʱ䳤ˣһ㶼ˮˡֻǰˮһƤģ龫ֵŮӶԴˡ
ˮԽԽҶҲǿŰۡ
ĹƿշˮǵĸȻҾ͸ȥˡҶʵƤ϶ǱˮҪʵģˮҶʿ˴죬ҲûпҶв˼ӡû˰취ֻȿˡ
ҶҲ˰ۣɫĶˮ񣬿ˮ񵽵ҪŪʲôóˮȵôĶġ
ȻˮͿǻɫĽԼѪʷˣǡ̫ˡ
ǰ˼£ڣƿգ˺˼ϡ˳ķɽ硣λĳֵģˮǵĸˮĵ֮ϡ
ǾĲȻǾˮġ΢һӦ֪ôˡڣЩʲôˮ̽˸šΪڣո˺˿ռ϶ҲʮֵĿµģڣոմĽ׶Ρ
ȻˮˣȲ˵ڣˮۺ졣ڣУǴĹѨвŵıѾˮ񼤶Īˡ
ȻˮĿ겻ˡˮҪڣԼáԴһЩģǾ͸µͽʹãⶼǷǳġ
ȻˮжˡˮɫĲһͳڣǰһˮȾͳС
ˮ˵붼û룬ֱӾȫƬնһƬεʪճżǿ
ˮ񲻸׵ȥӴڣˮˮȵýҲǿԵġΪˮϵԵȨȿɲǵλãŲλʵġ
Ҷʸոȡ˻ʽڣҪһЩҲһɶõĹԵˡ
ˮһǰĵڣϡûнӴڲ㣬ΧͻȻһϡɱռ䡣ɢһƿֲķâںһһԿˮˮȡ
ȿ϶ˮռݾԵƵģһ٣ֱֳɲġڣжô죬ӲӦеʵˮǺܳԿġ
ʵҲȷʵ˵ģˮ˵ǴռơѹƵڣϵİˣѡѾǿҪˮѹˮˡһˣˮͿԼΪĿֲڣ;޷Ŀܡ
ʱڣУͻȻĲԭʶƾ豾ڶԿˮڣʱȻвֵķ󣬲ֵɢˡ
ˮļǵһ죬ǵһ˲䡣ǸߴУŵΪֲ϶Զ˳ˡȫĸƿٵ
ˮѾ⣬ǲѾǿҪвԼˡʱﻢ£ǱڣƴͲ˳ĳ뿪
ʲôͻʲô룬ʲôݣȫ˳Ǹɱ飬ͷ塣Ϣںһ˲ͰˮɫĻ˺ˡ
ˮȸܵΣգҲһŮӡˮƣץסԼıʹս
ȻȻˮȿ϶ǲڶĴеġ͵ڣСʹˮϵжˡ
͵ɷʴһ׵ˮҪǸûгȥˮòûռʲôˡڣԽԽֲһħͷڻѡ
Ȼˮ񣬺ûӣûƢ˻ˡڣˮľ˲Զȥˡ
ҲҺˮһŮӣ۵鶼ˡ


472 Эɣ
ˮĻҶĲ֪˵Щʲôˡܹ˭ȻעȥˣҪڣ
˻еĶԹԹ֪˶ˡ忪˻ʤ˵ʱûȥıأôôˣڣڣȻ˻Ҳûа취׵Ļȥ
˵Ҷʿˮ񣬵˻ʵپʱµģѹûиҷԵ£ǰǿ֮£Ҳеġ
ˮΪе㲻ˡôе۵ζˡ
ƴĴ˼ʵѪҺ伺ʵûһǰ˻Ե˼˵˭ŵġ
㻹̰İҶĶ֪ô˵ˮˡ˰죬ڱһ仰
ڣҶʶĹԽȥ˵ǲιؼ߹ı⣬û᲻ĵġʲôģΪĸߵܹͣҵıġ
ҶҲǶġðɣҶҲҪ˳һǽ˶ˣ֪ڣĲڣעǸвͨġǿддһⶼѾǲˡ
˼ҲҪǿһԼʵһԼĵ̡ˣ˵ˡҾһ䣬㵽ǸûǲûġˮЩŤ󣬲ܿľ͹׺ݵҧгݵĶҶʡ
Ҷˣˮ򽻵Ǻ鷳һôˣΣôŶҪעһԼ󡣵ˮͬ׿ʵ˵ľһŮһܷ
Ҫ֪Ҷʵݣôض̸ĳ棿ֱӻᶯְҶˣץϣ̿˰ɡ
Ҳ㣬ҲҲѰڣôҶ֪ʲôط˵ˣڣĶôõġҪʲôèȥһ㣬ͱͿˡҶʲҪѻ˵̫ԼŽڡ
ʵҶʻԼĴ㡣ֻҪ飬Ҷʾͻ᱾ܵĿһôּۻ۵أ͸ƾ¸Լȡ档
ҲܣҪ㲻ңҾͳȥһǵݣǻôȥңڣķҴ֪һЩˮ񶪳ɱﵣʱҶʾЩͷ
Ȼ㶼֪µķȥңǱҸӵаô㿴Ҳףȴ͸ΪҶޱȵƣԷԼİѱ⣬ôĺ̸İ
㲻˻ô˻ʲ˻ʽôҵľǵİɡ˻ʽڣӦű˴˿ƵõİɡҪ˻ʽˣˣҾͲȥˮˡˮԺȴޱȣôĺúƭġҶƣӡһ̵ĵطӶ겻ãҪⶺ˵ġ
˻ʽ٣ѾҵϢ໥ںˣҲûáҶʵЩˣĶˮ
Ժе˻ʽ΢𶯳һƷϢʱܹѳߵˮһ
ûȥˮȥˮһԼõҲûã̵ľͶ˻ʽʧȥȤ

ҶʵܲˣŴӦˮͲ˼ʲôϰʲôģһֱôճڣҶҲЩԲ
Ȼ˵ѾӦˣȴûй涨ʱڰʲôġǿ϶ҪȥҵģʲôʱһǾͲ֪ˡ
ˮҲûѯʣܴʶʲôҶôżʲôڣ϶зǳҪĶ档ĶҶʣҶʵٶô
Ҷ˵ˣҪˮǴһʱ䣬úõӦһĻ
磬Ȼͣĳ嵽˻һȦȻɱƴ·ڽ˼죬ⲻֵˮˡ
ҶľԼ̫æˣֱһæµˮţˮǵİȫǲõĵġûĺúù䣬˽һϸʵǶԲҶԼ˵ġ
ԴˣˮҲû飬ν֮ǰǸļٵˮͻȻʧһҶʱΪܻ˷һ࣬Żˮռסû뵽ôס
Ҷʳȥ֮ǰˮǶһֽŵġҶʱϵĳװεôʵԣʵûõġԶԶĹ۲컹νǽĽӴǺ׿ġˮֱӸҶʵĳεˣȻԪҶαװһˮɫĳ
£Էûˮ൱ʵǿǳġ


473 ˮϵʹ٣
ҶʱŤñһԿˮɫ߳ȥˣʡԼһԳѾԼԪӵĽΪ˼ٰһֱûаεġ
Ҷʲ֪ˮǲǹıǶ硣Ҷܸоʲôĳ̫ڵĿҶһְְŵĸо
һ·ŮһһλƵľߵĴſڡ
ȿȣҶʻǰߣֱһȵ߳ȥͼʿ£ΪҶʵѡ
Ҷһ㶣ٵķӳ˹ԭزƮǰȥ
һĵ⣬ʤ΢ЦƵĴҶʵƮٶѹƵ÷ǳĻһ㡣Ҷһ̧־ʵԴصһ¡
ʣȻ˫ٰҶҪʺöࡣֻڴ֮ͥµʱ˽Ҷʿɲϵġ֮ǰ˸һ¡
ſԵĴ·Ͼۼ˺ܶ顣Ҷʳһ㶡ȻҾͶæ̧ͷģеͷصģжģĲɵģмװ·ġ
һȺͻȻ֮ȫĸһ㡣߻С
ΪհɵġΪ֤ʵǼٵģֻҪܰȻĳǿ϶ˮ֤ˡȻеĵˣ͵ģ绹˼綼ǲȱٵġ
ҶʾôˡȻҶһ飬±һĸо
ǰհķѾãϣܹճճҪһٴֲ赭ģǰһԵˮϵʹ첽ǰԶԶվʾԼûж⡣
ŶҪһٷ֪˵ֲ赭ôֲ赭ȱˮ㶮áʺٺһЦڵ˵
ǰˮľƹݣ֪ϲǰĿζˮһĳ㡣ˮϵʹһ£û뵽⴫˵еǰ˵ôֱףôǰ緶
Ҷ͵Ц˼£ԵĿʹǳ鴤һ¡Ҫʴʱǡݣʹֱ˦ȥˡ
ţƵ꣬һθڣȥʺεһǣǱʹˡ
ȿȣҶʸɿʾԼ
λ̨ôƺʹҲϵϽѯҶʣмİ˻Ҷʽ̸
ҶʡҶҲһ֣ʹǸˣˡȻҲԵ˵ԲˡҪǿԷǶԻʵˮɫĳ򣬿ɲԼϵļٻҶʶԷջֽնͷݰӵĴˡ
Ҷֵܵͷ׹Ҷһհ²ţŹ١ˮϵʹҲǹԵú飬ʶҶǶôҵһ
Ŷƨ֡㿴Ҷˣ˵Ҷյ˵飿Ҷһ㶣ȻϽʵ
ûҶôһϣҲֻҶֲˡҲһ£û뵽ҶʾȻôһ⡣ѵûԼղŲǿһôѵԼֵ̫ˣİԼһˡҪҶǰĸ࣬ĶҪҶʵġ
ǰְ˵ֱ̫ף̫ڵĹһ㣬һ㶼ûǰķ緶ҶҲһֱһɵӶӣôĽӸӾġ£ҲֻԸǰŻһ׷ߵİɡ
ٵĿԵİͽ˼̾͵ˡǰϣҲһôʵ顣뷨ȻصúܺãȻһǫЦݡ˫УѾЩĮˡ
ҶʿҲ⣬ЦڨһʼûаʲôĵģҪմȾһĹϵԺ
ȻѾǱֵôˣǾûвݺݵʰһµĵˡԩͷԼˣҪǰѶԷϻȥǻᱻġ
ˮ˵áҾƵ֣ݾƵķ˵ˮԹһ֮һֱ޲ڣõˮôһ֡
ҶרҵҵĿ϶ǾƵ귽ˮܷĳͣˮųһҵݳġ
ǲǾƵ귽˵ģҶʵĲ²⣬ⶼ׼ġҶʴͷˮ񣬿ǲôһ¡
ȡôһ֣϶Щʵˡûн겻ֿɲôõģֵɽȻ鲻һ֪ʲôɽ
ҪǲóԣôľƵǻⱾġ


474 Ĺ٣
ƵװȻǲض˵һʦʦÿһΰڷŵλãÿһ䶼˵ǡôƵпǻޱȣȴ˾ĸо˼ҵĸоԵʮֵȻʮֵ⡣
ҶʿԷģԾƵװްʲôĶȤԷҪľҪһȤԵľգ˵װԽԽõġ
ҶֿԷģνƵ֮ҶʵһעľǾƵװްְʲôġҪǲΣҶʻֱӸɫͷߣһġ
ѵõиԩͷԼûɲúõϷŪһµġ˲ٵиҶʷйһ£Ҳһǳѡ
ҶʺŹٴһˣ٣
ĸ֣ݣСġҺ⡣ʻһܣװģ˵
Ҷһ߿öʵ̫ˣҪ¡˼ʱȥľǿݣȻ˵Ǿζζ̫أװ޾Ϳ֪ˡ
Ժ˵ҶȥõľƵˡ˵ֻ֪ԣ֪Ǯ⵰ˡ
ҪľʵǻȻûа취ѹٸסġⲻپͱһһ㶵ġȻаĸ̣ʵһ⣬ľ˿Ҹþһ仨һ㡣
ͺãͺáǰһٺõģ˵⣬⡣Ȼ˵˵Բз۵ͷһĹϵҲǷǳĲѡ
￴öʲôʲôĲʽ˵һ㶼֪ġӹ˵װģĿһۣȻͺˡ΢΢۾͵͵ѯҶô졣
ʾþõûзټˣһԵ֪˵ĵƹǼˡˮµĹͣոմˮгɢģɲܵˡȻ껹ôȥ
ô죬ǶһЩ֣һɻ֣ôöҶʵĶߴʼеȻǽѡ
˵˰ɣֲ֪ʲôһŪЦǲǶⲻ˰ɣԱ߱˶ţܲñһֱôĸɵŵİɡ
ǲӳԶ˰ҶʵţͬʶĲûа취֪Ҷʵ˵Щʲô
ʲô˼
ԴԴˡֱչĵ㣬ļӣ˸˵ʲô

ҶĺҪɾµˡԼˣ˲Խϰˣ
ȿȣɣǵĲȫһ飬Ҳ֪ʲôʲôϿζʼǣǳƽ˵
ôһ˵Ƶ̰˵šԭƵУȻҶԼݵļӣСĽ̸ۣǻġ
ʵ仰һڣҾסˡȫתͷʣ΢΢ſһĳԾ
ǿӵϣȻֱĴ˵ϵ
ƹҲһ£ĿʣҪȷһ£ǲǹҳӵġҪǵĻǸϽǸǣˡ
һ亹۳˻ƶСȻֻ˵ϣˤ÷顣ôһ˵ٿ˵ĶͻȻֹͣһڣˤ˵ϡ
ʱ򹶱˵ʹԼôһǿʹءҪĻ˹ȥǸöðô죬˭ȾԼء
ǰҪҪһЩɣһĿζʵ̫ˣǸǳԲʮ֮һģ̫˷ˡٿٵĽӹ˻һ߲亹һСĵӦšͿɳԲðҪ˵øϿİͷ˲С
֪ϲʲôô㣬Լ֪ѵҳԷǼٵģҵҲǼٵģʵڵϷң˲ǳһ˹ټ⣬ԽԽߣеķŭҲԽԽΡ
ȻǣôϷŪǰءŸʲôûǰĻôϲ˰ҪԼȥԼȥ˻ôġ˲͸о󱳱䣬亹ʪ󱳡
ڵѪȴҶͰһԺŵĵϰˡ
֪ԼһԷˣһٹԼҵˡľƵ꣬е²죬ҲһߺˣҲµ˵ϰˡ
ϣλүԵȡ˺ܿˡĳ˵Ҫ㹻ĺʵȻĻһ鷳ˡϰҲЦˡ


475 ȫǣ
һȻΪԼ˵ʲôˣôôĳԾôľȡȻЩģӴˣӶˡ֪ȥ֮󣬻᲻ָָġ
ŹȻ˵ǹƽɤЩֹסĲ˵ĻҲջǰ˼ˣԼһ˲õĴ¡Ȼ⹶ΪλͻȻ˵һ
ͷˣȻ˵ô࣬ˮǶ֪ôһˡ
ҶҲ湶һ亹ġȻ˵ǻѵԼģǾʳԺȵҶʻȻǲҲ֪׹󰡡
ոʷ˵ʱҶҲԶһ¡ǺһҲƷͼСһҳкüʮĲˡôһҲƷ˵İɡ
ͨľƵ꣬ôĲˣ⿪Ҳһ˵֡ĬĬٴεĻ⸻ûʵľƵĸװޣҶĬĬΪٰˡ
ҶʺܿеͬʶˣҰעԼ˵ͷˣ˭
Ҷޱȵʣֱ̫޵ˡҪҶʵĻ˵жһ֮ģ͵һ롣
ʵĴһԱȣҶʾ˲оһֱΪԼΪ¶Լ˲ˡʵĴֱʱԼǰССְ˵Ǯڱ˿ɥҪǿװ˵»Ǯˬ
Ӵ٣ɫôôѿǲǲռ˱˾ԣĵϷŹ١
û£ͻȻȾ˷纮ٵһ࣬һ׵ġǿסˣûбֺȻ̧־ܰˡ
ǿ϶ûθ˰ɣͻȻԲ·ˣע壬θҪûзŹ˵
θڣȻθڡⲻµģƽʱӡٸϽţȻͻȻǳĹԼԼԷô졣
ѾԤеˣԼⱲӳԵõһˡԺûˣʱ򲻶һ㣬ʲôʱܳءԺԶԲϵˡ
ǿ϶ûдôǮ˰ɡңôôء˳ŻôǮġѽѾˣǾ˰ɡԺע⣬Ժһע⡣ʼʵ˵һΪż
ʵżôûιȥôĳôĺáҲǿˣûкӹˡѾǱ˼ˣҪϽõһ͡
ʾҪιȥȻʱֲ˶ûˡϼˣŪڳѪʲôġ
ٿҪˣõŴʲôǮԼôǮܹǮġιֱӾҪѺҲˣôǮˡ
Ҫ֪ԼˮлһЩҵƵϰҲǲͬôĲ˵İɡ
˵ԼĲ̫ʱ򡣹ٻ˲һһ˿ĹԭǰĵģҾ˵ΰǰôܻú󱲵һһߵġǾ䡰ǾҪɡѾӷβ˺Ӻ˿ǻͿҪƤˡ
ûиᣬԶȥˡеһ˿Ĺ˲ͱλӰʲôˡ
Ƶе˶ѾǿٵȥˣҶһ˿Ӿ֪ôĺгҪǳ鷳Ͳˡ
Ƶ˵ȫתΪҶһӵˡһһĿٵİˣһôܻڷŵ£ܿľͰˡ
Ȼʵ֮ͬѸٵİӡƵŨζǲ˻ûһ롣
Ҷһʰдһע⡣ȥ
ҽ軨׷һٴ͡ĽַھӣѼеӰڷųʳ˾ƵĴţſһĴ
ʺ˶һ㶣֪ʲôǿ󻹸һȺԱжڵĲȡһع˲ԼӣѳԷĴӶ˳
ʱȥˣڴҵİ£ȫˡֵϳʱľ۲͵ĵطӰڷŵϳˮǵķĽֵмȻǾˮš
Աߣ˵ϯȫڴĸл֮ȻȻ죬ֵ
ƽʱҶǸԸģҲѡûģǲϤˣһԷҸоޱȵ棬̸¾Ȼ˳Է¡
Ϊû˽ƵеģҶһĳ
ڵĹ٣ɫڵҪǹ׵ĺڻҡ


476 Ҷж
ҶƹѲѾǳ˲ٵķˡʳƣ˶֣Ҷ˼ֵ⡣ʼʶѾЩľˣȻûпѹˣҲʹ
ǰһ˵󣬵һȺ˶㼺ģ۵һ𣬿϶ǱȽϳֵġϾʵǿǰҳԷͶޱȵ𾴵ˣǸӵˡ
ҶˣⶼΧʶתġ˵ĺãΪǰȻɴ򱧲ƽ
УͱҶʸˣȻ굽ӵ¾˯ˡҶʿ˯еĹһľ飬۽軬һֱûжϹ
̫ˬˣոҾһֱڿı飬ʵḻˡڴ֮ǰûа취һܹһ֮ڣǳвεıľı顣ʴţֱҪڹٵݼĤˡסˣϵĸԼٵı̫ڱˡԼݼεʵսѾˡ
ǾˣһˣеСƶܳȥеľһȾȥˡϰ廹ҪŵӣȴҲǲֵġ
ǰʰ𹶱һ㶼ġϰɲҳûȤҪǱһʰˣǾ͵˰˱ӵѪùˡ
ҲΪˣʲĴ¡ǰǱﻵˣܸоô˵ĻͱﲻԼеּĿҪġ
ҶûȥʣһֱϷƵɨ˵һǮһֻùʹĲˣҪǳӲˮ׼ֵǮġ
ˬˬƨʲôˡ㵱ֵİҪġҶµľͳԱˣĵģһɫʳûмɨ
вٵĺþƵģǰҶ๶ٵġû뵽ľôĲһ¶͵ˡϻʣ˲٣ҲʡȥҶʵ鷳
ץһƺֱӾͱҶСڸǿȵԪ£ƺеƲûֱӻˮ
ҶھƮɢ֮ǰٵ߽СܿҶʾմȾһŨľ·ȴûбʪ
ţץǰ·ţҶˡ
ʹһµɫҶץһľƺ˳ȥ
ڸҶʸոȥͻأģһŮ
һӵĲһѿӸԼĺӽӲתķҶһ
֪˿еĲˣûк˵
ͻȻֵŮӣǲŸոշֱˮû뵽ͻȻͳҶʸոȥʱֵġ
Ҳˣ˼ҵĵ̡Ū̫ʢˣڵ˱˵ſˡôĳֵģҪˮһ㶼֪ˮôľģ֪˶ٴˡ
ô֣ǾȻҡˮЩգѧҶʵԴһ¡
顣
ʵ°һܵĽӴ̫ˣ𶯵ϵ밡졣
ҪɱҰŭˣҪԷһµģϸһ뻹סˡ
ˮɲҶʡԼҶ죬ˮ񲢲̫Ϥ
ǲ𣬻㲻ôʻһλͷŤһߣˮ
ˮҲ⣬ϻкܶûжġˮ۾ģҲÿӣֱӾ˴а׵С־ϵʳץ˹ȥ
˵Ҷһƾͳȥǰ˵ǲƽȵģǸոһţŲͿʼĵˣĲȣͿҪȥһ
⵱ȻҶװģûкȾƣôܾءҪƽʱһ㣬ǽΪǵξδմġҪǺȶˣϲŵ˵ʲôǾ鷳ˡ
죬ܸôһᡣǻһһҶ˵꣬ץеľƺͷԼСʵͷס˺ڣֻζٸоһζһζûкȵġ
ãɱҶʳҶʿǰĺˣ˲˰û˲ҶˣץǰľƱͷһ
лҶǰ֧֡Ͼǰݰʲô˵ʧݣƻе󡣵Ϊǰ׷ߣЩ͸˵ǾǰںǣǺġʴžãٱôΪģʵҶʳԶ˶ѡɤӣš


477 ռϢ
Ҷװģ˵˼Ưĳ滰ĹٷĴȻѸٵľ̿ˣһĶҶ˲
ˣˣûӦΪΪ׷߾Ͳѱ˷۾ġһĶžƱɤӣֻҪҶʿϵͷҶȥնͷջֽݰӵġ
Ҷ͵֣Ⱥ˻ǺúưȻչô˳ѾλʶĶ˵ĽˣҶʾͿʼжˡ
λ磬ı츳һ֮¾Ϊ˰Сʸ飬ڣ֪֪أҶЦװƻλƵȺУסһĺľǵʹ˵
ʲô磬ûǴ㰡ˣͲƽЩˡڣô֪أǰþˮسֵİǼһʵ̫ˣˮȨȶȡˡʹͷ϶ˣѾǿҶ̵ˡ
˵ǽ˲٣ѵĳԺ˭ءĵģҶʵһ磬ȻԱϴˣûнϴүİɣǺˡ
ҶһĶ񺮣ûпǰ⵽һŮԵˡⲻԼо飬װľͷƴ˱㡱סС֣תˡ
˴һ˻ֹڵẢǲò̫ˣǳһ
λʹС㡣ŶϲԶʵ̫ƫˣƯǶǰˮڣƿնǿǴ氡֪ڣȥʲôط𣿡ҶԶս˵ġ㡱ֲ̧˲ͷ亹ͽһԼŮʹļ
Ҷֵܣ˵˶ҵֻһ˶Թ·͡ڣ뿪ٶ̫ˣܹ̽鵽켣İֻˮ²֪𰸰ɡŮԵʹһĿģȻЩ˵õ֪ҶСֵ˶ûСˣһů˰ɡҿСֵҲһ˲ţǱõġҲûңҪǾͽһԺˡ
룬롣Ҷ亹ʪ˺ˣϽǷ֮ء
ʵҶʴ󿴳ʹŮԵ֮ı˼ͬʱǾʹСѾ˵ˡʹС㡱תͷûаҶʸŪ˵ġ
ʲôƯǳգֹҸоõʹС㻹ľˡѵô˵ȸô
⻹ˣҪˣҲôӾЧڣĶ̫ˡȸߣĺ绨ƵãŨüۿĶͷͲûпٱʺˡ
Ҫ˵ˮŮԣôܾˮªŮ˰ɡҪůѣǴҹ㻹ΪǼˡ
λ˧СǱõģһλƫƫꡣʣҶսֻ߳ƺôҶٴλһطһˡ
ѽˡôֱĶң˼һ᲻˼ġҶսƺôû˵ġҪȥʡӢʹ꣬ʵ̫ˣҶʶһļƤ
˵Ų˼ʵĴӶѾҶʵϡһֻ֣ҶʵصĸħޱȵҶ촽һۡ
ܲˡҶʱˣһѾ˦Լϵ֡ƺĶͷϡ
ѽһӦءҶʻŹŵڵϵһȭߡһ߹꣬ҶʻסĴҪļԼ𺳶йȥ
Ӵǿ׳˰˼Һϲһ㣬ڴһ㡣ڵϷţȴޱȵ˷ܣֱͿҪ˷ܵõˡ
ҶǿҪˣ۾бᣬصһȭԴϡԴһᣬ˹ȥˡ׽ˡ
ﲻܶˣֱ̫ˡʲôɽʲôأϯһֱֱˡ˲ѷɫˣ˺üĵΡ
Ҷʹ˲ˣȺпٵĴõòˣٵĳ˾Ƶ֮С㶵ȺҶԶȥıӰȻˢˢΪҶʵĺֽһá
Цˡˮһ𣬽ͷӶģĴЦ
ҶʸոջصƵУˮĿЦЩԾ֪ˮôոԼߵʱˮ񲻶ûô


478 Ҷʺˣ
ҶվǰˮϽȥǰˮͶӰ
ѾǳˣҶʸոտˮɲˮԼױݰʲôġˮƶĻ棬ոǳֵԼ߽ƵһĻͱˮŻŵĸɢˡ
ˮʹЦǿԼĹɫҪˮгֵԼλõĻ档Ҷô벻ס
ǿ϶ǧһͨܰǧ֮ĻͶӰԼǰԼĲ鿴˽⵽ǧ֮ⷢ顣
Ҳ˵ոԼȥ̽ϢĻ泡ˮʸˣֲҶһֱ˶Լڹ۲һ
ҶŭˣæҲˣȻ￴ԼЦ˵ǣȻ͵͵Ŀģ⿪Ц
ȻԼϲԼĿֽڱ˵ʹ֮ϣǵԼʱҶʻǺܲ˵ġ
˷ŭҶʻеΣױȵΡⶼʲô£ȻϷˡǱӵġ㡱ϵĹһ£Ȼֱȸߵ绨ŮһξϵĴǱһѵġϵĴˡ
ˮǶһЩʲô˰ϵµģôûһءߵ쵼ˮûһΪˮľӡ˾͸ӵˣֱʲô˶ˡ
ˣЦˡҶŭˣˮʣûûˡȻܿסͲˣŵͶܹˡ
˰һ㣬ٴһ㡣ˮѧǴѵġӣ˵ǿҶʵҲ
Ҷʱķ֣ԼȻôƬ̵ʱ䣬ȻƲԼ˼룬Ҷʳ嶯ˣȻЩɳܵӲˡ
ˣܷܲŹң͵ʱոʲôûпʲôûзҶǿҪˣ˵ϷҶʿԷԱԷһ١ˮԼ򲻹
˭ĳ˲ҵءѾǰ֪˵ˣȻңҪܳȥ͵͵ĴҪ˼зˣǲǸҡ˼ҺģˮĻһ飬ӣ۰
Ҷʹϵıˣȥˡ黹ǲýͣ˭ԼһСأı˸ץסˡĲε飬Ƿ˭ϣ¶ǻ᲻ܵİɡ
ɶʣԼһģһϵƣȻԼڻûûεŽ׼￴ԼЦ
ķԵЩ壬ҶЩ£ȻûгԶ١ʵûûεģһֱҶʶſЩ飬ҲûгԶ١ˮȤȱȱҪǳԶƽʱʲôûгԹ
֮ܳȫǳֵģġһʣһֿҶȻûгԶٵġ
ԵĲˣҶһȵ뿪ˡҲǸϽ꣬ಽĸҶʵˮֱˮһֱӾʧˡ
һӵº˯Ĺ٣лһֵĵϰ塣ϰõúܣ֪˭ǮˣҶ뿪ʱһƨûзȥˡ
Ҳȥܻں˯Ĺ٣ûϵԼܲ˵ġ˯ɣ˯ɣԺӵ˯ĻᶼûˣӴԺ¶޽ͷע˵ģ˭Ҳﲻ
ӴԺˮһزĴ࣬һͷĹ١û˹زĵأˮǵķȫ»ڳеľ˵Ҳһ֮ϲ˰ɡ
ȴһԼȫҶѹȥ˴ҳһٺĴͣڹٴʮֵкøеġһٷʱ䣬ҵ䣬ͷӴʵǿ˸һЩȷʲôĳԡ
ǺˮǵķżٶµˡٵҪȢ޵궼Ƿӳ˹ڹٿ˵Ǻ֮ǵģȻľû˾ùֵͬˡȻ󹶱ˮǾͻ첻ȥˡ
ЩҶʹĵģĻ죬ǵͷˣȻ󵱳ͱˡ֮飬һŲˣʲôĶҶûйϵ˵ǹɱġ
ˮܿľͰҶĶԲˣˮ˵Ȿνûûεģһɵİɡ
ҶǱˮˮסˡˮΪ˷ҶʲҶסµġ
ˮʱʱľͻҶ˵˵һЩȤŰʲôġΪرҶҲὲһЩԼȤš
ˮͰ֮ǰĲøɸɾˣŪҶЩ˼ˣԼ̫Сˡţʵŭ˵Ǹһ¥ˡ


479 ٱ̽
ҶˮǴһµʱգˮ˽˲ٵ顣ȻҶҲǹĨǵʹԼҪ֪⣬ÿεõĴ𰸶һӵġÿһˮǲˣŰۣǻشҶˡ
֪϶ٴΣ𰸡һΣֱҶʵͬ⣬Ҫ֪ڣľλáˮѾϰˣŰ۾ͻشˡ
ˣȻ㲻֪ҲͲˡˮҲ̫ˣҪ·ˡҶҲ⣬ⶼ֪ЩԼٴʵˡû뵽õʲôĴ𰸣ⲻһϰˣˮ̲סҪһʡ
ʲôǾҪˣǺðɣȥǿ˵ҵЩʲôҪ֪Ĵ𰸡ˮһ㶣û뵽ҶǶҪˡŸһ
˵ģˮЩ᲻õġҶһʱ䣬˵ˮΪֵһʱˡ
ҶʱͲģʲôûô𾴵ȻҲͲ˵ʲôǫʲôģֻǰˮһ˵ϻŮˡ
ˮҲǣҶʺȤȻʵҶʺȤ֪Ĳ٣Ҳ࣬ʱ䣬ˮЦʱ򶼱ǰֵʱĶˡ
в֪жٵ鶼߹ͬĴˣ˵ҪʲôϢ֮ģȥǻջҶʷ˷ۣˮٱԲ顣
˵˵û˵ҪԼȥѰҵġ˵ˣǱԼȥô
˵ʵҶǺܲȥǻǺڰ֮ǵġն½ġ֪ħүӶԼرչˣûԼҪǼסԼϢʲôģǾЩ鷳ˡ
ڰ֮Ͳ˵ˣϢаޱȵġҲʲô񣬵߿˺˾ʿѾʿ˼Ʒſ˿ռϵġҶʶǣ˵һĺøжûеġ
ڵõϢָԼȥǡȻ˵ǷǳĲԸҲûа취ˣǲòȥˡ
ǲʶҶսԭǱˮĴȥҶʣͻأת׳һ⡣
ʶʶȻʶˡ˭ôˮû뵽ҶʻͻȻתû뵽ҶʻͻȻʳһ⡣ҶʸŪ˸ֲȷӦϽʸڷš
õˮ֮Ϊϣ˵ʶҶսҶ仰˵˵Īģûиˮشʱ䣬Ҷתˡ
ѾˮǵķΧˣ˶Ƿٶȣǰšʻɵ㶵ģ˼Ҷˮ˵Ǿ仰ʵ벻ס
ôȷˮһ֪ģѵΪĶһ顪ɻĿʵҪǲ׵ĻȻûа취רĵĸ·ˡ
Ѿ綥ˣ൱ǴʳˡҪǶ֪ǻ˭֪ҶսϢҶҲûͿˣʵҶûڣڵʿڷʡû뵽ôĳסȻ̵ڲʡ
ҲһҶսһͱ¶ĸ߲СǱ¶ˣ㿴ˮӣ֪Ҳܹİʻ벻ףɰʵס
Ǹ˵㵥ػ˵ɵءһʼʲô̬ȣǵ黹Ⱦ˽ġ磬֮ǰ磿ǲ˵ģ϶ûСʱҲǸС죬Ȼ󻹱ӡˡˮҪǲʶҶսô˽ǣôôر𡣡ҶʼֱҪˡ
ʲôã̫ˡƽʱɵ㶵ĻøʲôŵһЩôƨƨߵľˡһ⣬鷳ˣⲻϣһⱦһĴڡ
ҲǷӳ˹ٺٵĸЦ£˵ˡ
ǰԼû硣ҶҲûġǸոռ棬ˮֱ˵ԼŻҶʵţޱȵĿ϶Ҫǲ֪ģô˵˽⡣
УҶһЩϸϸҶսϡô˵ˮʶҶսĿԻǺܴġ˵ĹϵӦҲǲġ
ȻĻˮԺȻҲûбҪո͵ɽô⡣ô࣬ˮʵԲзҲôĶ࣬ô֣ҲֲҶʵİ
߰ɣһվǡǲ֪ǰë񣬵ռסԼûСҶʿʷӳ˹һҪⶼ벻ͨҶʶҴȥǵˡ


480 ǣ
ǣλ롣ڶظΧ룬ֳǵĶصĵλ
ʵҲȷʵˣԹ־ΪȻ˵ڰ֮ʵҲǲģǺڰ֮ԵǶЩûʲôرĺøС
Ĵ¶ǹ⣬ǹ˵㡣ֻҪǲڰ֮棬ڰ֮ǾԵûġ
ңҲһϵ¹ģʲô£ǽڶһġûΪʵѹһߣ͸ϵġҲӮеӵ
ʹù͹ǲڵλϴġͬʱҲǷ
Ҫ˵ǼªģôˮǾǻġҲʮֵĻۼһʵġ
ˮǲͬˮŮӵĳǳأһ˿Լһ˿ġǾǻĸ߹ױȵĸ߹󡣻ņ̃ͷһ˿ʢ˵ĸо
Ϣ˵ʺϳ˺ڰʹġˣÿһϵʹ鶼洦ɼġһ಻ţദǢ
ǳһ԰׳ˣߵʲôطǸ߸ߵİͷġһֻֻһ㡣˭Щ𣬾ͺҪһһ㡣
ǶԻϵ̬áϵǵУǾûпģǴֱɵġǿϵһطĿǻġ
׳˶ԴˮϵΪġΪˮϵʹŮӣǺܲİ¡ԼŮζͬǸ߹ġ
Ҷʲ֪˶·̣ǵ˹ǵķΧˡЩ׳˵ɣҶҲЩ
ͬѧǣǿ׳ľ˽ȥҶĳˮŪģȻǲᱻ׵ĿġôϢӣ˭׵̽顣
һһ˳ĽģҲ˵ĳСǡУ԰ɫΪ͵İɫ
ȻǰɫģǻЩ𣬲һӾƣͣһʥĸо
е鼫࣬ҪϵսǻǵˡҶʳ֣Ҷһ㶣Ȼ˲ͷӦʱֵǼΪ𾴣ҶʵĴҲ˲١
УҶǶ׳˵װƵĹ˸˽ˡ
鶼פҶ·˳ͨ׳˲ͬ
ߵߵǰվҽŴǰ洩΢΢¶סظҲ΢΢ָأһ
ҶʿüͷͻͻͣǺҪȥһƨһţĶˤһʺġ
׳ˣôʲôʱ򣬶ôءʲôҪڲͬһֻֻĿȸһ㡣ҪǶԷǿȸҫĻҶǲȥιǵëġ
һһҪȹģѹǵĴµĸһߣһµ˽⡣
һһ꣬Ŷǹ˺ܶˮĵطɵϰˡҪ˽һطĻĴµ˽⻷ȷս˼·뷽ȷ볷˵·ߡ
Ҷʿӱ˼޵ֵıҪҲҪһ
Ȼ˵ҶûڹǴֵ˼أôɵϰߣ˵ľܹĵġ
˵ˣ˽һطĻҲûʲôġ
ʲô¶ûˡҶʣ߲˼ͻİ׳ˡΪǸ߹ģڲͬд
ҶʿȫװƵΪҶʱʱ̵̿Ķǿûгִ˵ġ
Щ׳ôڲͬڲͬɵƣ±˲֪һ㡣ΪǸ߹Ҷʵôôɵơ
Ҫһ㣬һһһһġվһҲˣҪҪզľզġǵ·š
ǰվţ·סˡ
߰˴εӣҶŭˣҲŭˡ⻹û˰ôôİ׳գǳҫԼĸ߹
㣬Ҷ̲סˣڰȵ˱һǴʱҶеһëˣʵҲģ˳ۡ
ʲôҹҾ͹ЦǸǰֲ㣬㻹İԼһУһˡǹǣСӣӵһ㶣ȻԼܵ裬Ц
ë˵Ǳڵ˼ԣǹǣǰ׳ˣ͹ˡ


481 ְɣǷ
ʿˣвεĲͷ
õģ͹ë𾢣û뵽ͻȻˡ˼ȥĺþãù񲻻ΪСɫȥģͻ˹ȥˡ
ӴǣôԹԵ߹˰һ㲻һҪñ˺Źе㶪˵һ顣Ҷ޵ĸһɫȻޱȶ񶾵š
˵ʲô飿δ֪֪ҶʵϵĹëûѡ񷢻˳ҶʵĻȥ
ǣŲߣŵˣƤҶʼӴɤΧ˶õ
ǺǺǣƤҶʵĻҶˡҶʿڵʱ򣬾Ѿ˺ܶģҶҪǿײǸʲô
ܶ˶֧ҶʵģϾڹǣˮһĺ͹һģ鶼Ǻܵżġ
Щëˣ֪ĿЦԽУӲƲϵ顣ԴҶģǲǵľʹһ°ӵġǹĵ̣ϵ鶼ǸŭԣЩëԽԽŰġ
ҶǿƵĳͷηЩһˡôҶóһŷ˻ĵЦ
㣬ȻҡһԿëɫһһ׵ģűϷ
Ӵ˵ǲͻȻҵˣһûôҪ󡣺ðɣǾı̬ĸ̫̫ĿɲʵĳôһԲСҶˣݺὭô꣬ǵһҪġ
ΪǷǳĿֵģҲҶʵ׼򣬲Ź֣ҶǷǳҪģһһ˾ͻᷭġԼģ⻹ĵͷһΡ
ߵĶԻЩոֹסеĿΧȺҲ̲סˡǸոѹȥЦ񾭣ͻȻ˷ˡҶãˮɫļһйүǵİҪǱһԻʵ򣬴ҶΪǻϵһֵˣ̫Ӳˣֱ̫ˣ̫ϲˡ
Сӣ㻹ǹǣСë˵ɫǳ׵ĺںһƬˣоԺЩѣΣоЩãתˡ
ôˣԼģֻԸ˵ôˣǾͲ׼ˣ˹ˣⲻҲ硣˭涨ҫģͲ˵ˡҶһ㶼ͷľͰѶԷһ١
˵ʵҶʻǲţΪ˸ͽ׵ͨİëˣͻôġ
͵ʲô˵ˣǲ˭˵ˡˣ裬ܵĳͷë˼£ҵ˷ĽˣҧҶǲɿڣôŶҪ˺һƤġ
㻹ĵ˰񲻹ǹϵҲеһֲ֡ŷģҲΪὫʲô񷣡ûˮϵʹŷˮ񡣶ڹȻ˵ҲᱣӦ𾴣ûôԲСҶһ˵ţһ߹Ķ˶Լˮɫĳ򣬺±˿һ
Ȼ˵ڹǺ𾴵ģǴҶûûпˮϵʹֵܣһǶڹ𾴵ġ
ҪΪǰߵĺˣܹߣܹ޷ˡǰܹƽƽ㻹ûʸ񡣿ҽ첻ʰѵ㣬Ҫսë˷ǳʵǽάȨĽڣҪԼȥһˡ
һ˵ţһϴŵһֻף̧־Ҷʶ˹
ҶʻΪҪˣôһֻ̫װˣܻᷢӲòˡҶҲû⣬ԷֱӶеףȻžһҶʵϡ
״ҶʵϻĻҶŵ˺ζޱȵĶġҶŭˣ⻹û˸ӶġҲûôװƣʵޱȵĳ׶ĶԷġ
Ƿ㡣ҶˣëȶֵİɡҶȻޱȵķŭǻǵģ֪ʱӲֲ˺ôģ˸ڡ
ˣȷʵȵģһֱƵġְɣǱĶ֡ҵȻ֪Ҷʲô㡣
ǳĸҶʳ֤ҶǴѵԷˣҲǸǶһˡڹУֻҪǰëˣ͸оҪһȡ


482 Ҷʱϣ
ⶼѾһĶˡȻ˵¹䣬Ƕ֮֮Ĵ㣬Ͳʡ
ϴҶڹĹ˼ɣڰë˵ãЩ˵ŰԸ񡣱ǰ˹·£ʵأĪԽȴԽԽǵѪҺС
ҶʽôҪƳ档ǸëһӣǶǵľ档Կ϶ǣֻҪǹûдҶʣôǲǰëһ
µĹǣǲǴڴģеĹǡ
ܻôĽǸ˰ëˡҪĪĿɱĸ߹ԴˣӼǻҧ˵ġοһʵ˵硣
ߣС󣬾ͻˣЩƤӡҾ㿴˭ôΰͶĻǶôȷë˵˫ƽϾ٣һϣһҸ
Űë˵ĶѸٵɫһƬͨ͸ˡУܶĽﶼŰ׹Ʈ𣬱ëУ˼ӳ֡
ҶǿŵͨԼĹԪػǵļӳ֡ڹص˵ǷǳһֶΡȱٵľǹԪأŨ˼¡
ܹƽռԳ˺ڰԵʹ˵ǲκε˺븱õģҲܹеġ
һǱԵʹЩƽʱ˳ĹԪؾͻֳȫԵһ˲ıÿ꣬һǾмǿĹԵġ
ǶڹԵʹ˵ֱǵսʵܶ෢ӳ
ǰԼսİëˣϢԭӦǲҶʵġƾǵļӳ֣Ͽ˵ӲѹҶһͷġ
ҶʵϢȻˮڸˣǱؼʵǲܱȫѹסġҲҶʵĺ񰮣ǲᱻִѹġ
ߵ̫ȻҶʼ͹ĶЩԥҪҪֹҶʼһĲƽĶս
ϽҶڻԪģϷû뵽ǿͷСӣҲǸ̲סеŭͷࡣһͱȶ̫ˣ⻹ô
˾ԭĽӵ˲İԶó㹻λãܹܴŵľ
·İë˿׵Ǹ֪ߵƣЦŶҶʣվһߣ׼ҶЦ
ȻϵʹҶʶ˵ǡԱˮɫĳʹΪҪǱΧͬסˣгȥҶĴˡ
УСģҲɱġҪ㿴жôΰ󡣲һˡëˣЦޱȵĲ񣬿Ҷʵ񣬾ڿһһ
йҫӣϣ΢΢һϣоͳһ񡣲ӰŨĹԪɵģһ˿еϢǷǳĿµġ
ָɽеҲëһ˸߾ٵұۡ
һƬããģʲôĿˡҲӦκεֵԪĲˡΪҶˮŪĳ򣬿б£ˮԪأҲһ˲䶼ų档
âһ㶼ʥ࣬һ㶼ƽ͡ⲨֲޱȣܹҪ˵ġë˵һҪҶʵ֤ΰԲûдҪɱҶʵġĽǶƫһ㡣
ˣеĹս뷨ʹսһʵȺѹ֮⡣ҪܹսжñԴԵԪγԪѹơ
ȫȿ˶ֵĴԵԪǾԵѹơΪǿҲӲοҶʵʵԶԶĲë˵ġ
ǿӵģȻĻôһ˲ͱְԼˮԪų˸ɾġ
еĶİëҲҶʳ˹ˡһҪҶʵסʱҶƿڶҪֵʱһЩĸšԼԱߣҲǻЩ˼
ë˵̴ǼõģҪǻһ˵ֵĻһ޷ļƻҪĻҲǲְģ˭һһǴķ׷˭ߵġ
ǣǰëǺܲ˵ġĶҶʣǰǵսʽսġʵһʼûгֵĴģǸ˰ëһοɡ


483 ƣ
ֻ˵Ǿ度ˡϰһսķʽ˶Ծʱ򣬾ͻ᲻֪İԼѾӦ˵ģǧĶ
˵սķʽ˵ãǷǳĺáΪʱȡԪĲͬԪųԸԶԶı˼ʿԪųԸӵĴ
ͬԵԪǾԵûа취໥ںϵģԪ
˵սУһԼԪų⿪˶ԵԪôսмȡԪǼٵˡܶԶγѹȣӶռϷ硣
Ҷ֣һʼͱԷȫԪˣһܣ벻ڶֵĿˡ
ҶȻ˵֪ĲˣǶսķʽ֪ıܿûȥ˽⣬˵Ǹû鶼֪飬Ǹҹ֪ͬĴ£ҲһС¡
Ҫ֪˵ĻҶôҲҪŪƽɫĳҶҪʤҶҪʤʵϵģͷҲһӵġ
ë˿ҶʾȻ˵ĲһжҶǺǱӵġȻͷ࣬ʲôûоǿʵȻ͸ս򣬾͸Ҳչ¡ڹвģڹиǱԵĽֹġ
Ϊ˸ǿĿɽ͸ΪΪ˰ڰë˵УҶܹΪĸ࣬붼ǿƨϹŪġ׷߿˵ǿпޣɣΪСӳͷġ
ҪͽһŬά쵱棬ܽѵڳԵԵļһǿ൱ĳӵġ
Ԥǣ˳Ľ֮󣬰ë˻ᱻڶͬġڴеĵλҪԵ߲١
ҶʾȻ㲻ǿŨģֵˮԵԪȻ˵Ĳһһ˲飬ոսӴ֮£ͱԼĻĹų⿪ˣ˲Ͷ˹Ļëһ㶣ȻһĿϲ
񵽱ˣ񵽴ˡûʵսԱɵ棬ȻܹԼǳɵƾһǻѪͺ˵˵Լˢİɡ
Ҷɵ㶵ԭزҲë˿ǱԼǿΪסˣ۸СĸоǷǳˬģοô۸Сñ˿˵ƿԵģ޻˵
УһӰҶʸǲ̫ˡë˵һת˲˾籾˲Ͱʲǫ̂ʰװʲôĶǽȥˡ
ë˾Լţȥдʲôʷʲôˡ
һӰҶʸԣʲôҪþԵѹԵʵȥҶʡȻҶڵһȵĲڶԷĺϣͷʮȵ΢΢һʤߵ̬Դҵĳ뼵ʡ
ȻݺݵҶһĿˮõͳСӣûʵͶ˵¡Ͳɱˣʴȵϵģǲ۸Сġ
е̨籾ë˶ˣеĹӰұͬʱë˶ˣҶʳ˹ҪҶʵصʱͲҶʵĺϣˣҲˡ
˵ĻҶʻûе£Ȳȥġ˵ĻҶʶѾˣǾûôǿҵӾЧˡңҪҶʱڿӸӵĲĻǻҪҶʣܾˣҪǴˣͻԵԼ̫Сˣ̫۸ˡ
ҶԭΪë˻վԶȻһѵ߰Ķû˵ԼҪĵԼģëԼ
ǿȻЦôںвεԼ˹۾лһҶʿĶ
ҶˣⲻԵİôӵġһѵĶԶ̵ģëô͸ҽ
ҶлǺܿĵġҪǰëԶһѵĶԼǲˣҲǻæһġ
£Էֱ㶵ĳ˹Ҷˣϰֵİ취һ˲ͰѶԷɱġΪҶʽⲫ꣬רҵ۹ˣ˼Եľͻɢ
עУսǷ˴ɵġעҪ߶ȵļУӦսУ˲Ϣǧ򻯵ս̡
ңԷǺ޷ĳġһֶϽ˵ˣ֮󣬻ƴǰս˻ҪȥעԷĻְʲôô
ץסԷûгģĿ϶ҶʺϾȭͷ¹ؽڡ


484 ̫ˣ
顱һ죬ͷƤĹͷѵģë˺ҶʵŨɫĹԪضǾҵĲһ¡
µĵдһȦǿľΧɢƷƻ;һеϰ
ֻļ˿˵׷ʲôЩ·ģʵǿİëˣΪͬԵĹԪأ߲ܵ赲оģģҲһЩص츳ܹ
ɽǿģǿһҶԪ϶һЩİëˣʻܹġ
Ԫ֮УеĹӰҶʳİë˼ǲȺͬʱӽҶʵġ
˵ǰʱյǡôġëΪʱǹؼ汸ġҶҪܹëôľܶһʱҶʾҶҪǵסҲԴһʱҶϴһ£ܹǹĹġ
Ҷһʱˣ˰ë˵Ԥϡû뵽ҶʾȻ֡
ұ۸߸ߵľƽָ̯ɵֱŨˮԪذмǿĲֱз
ҶǹײһϾȻһƹϢмӳ֣ҲܶҶѹȵĸо
Ⲣġ˵ëҲòôĹʽġڹУǹסĵط
еŨĹԪأմȾЩĹϢëΪҪһɱҲŹ԰ڵͷС
ضĻ²˻ӳһġҲ˵һĻЧϵЧԶԶǴǹʵϵĹġ
˵ҶǱȻġë˵ܣҲǱȻĽҶУʵǰëˡ
ڰëˣҶʻܴƲšǶҶʣëһ֪ġǿһˮɫĳҲǼٵģǲʵģеġ
ŨˮԪ֮£ҶĶеĽɫԪǱˮԪظڵסˣûܹ
Ҫų׼Ҷôڴ֮ͥ¶ֵġ
ɢͽĲҶʿ˵ǸͲֱɢˣֱȥƲǱ鵹һ㡣
ѵҶʵֵ˰ë˵ļͷϵιǶֱӱҶʴˡ
Ȼë˾ͱӲĸıǰķ򣬱ֱ׹ȥһֲ˳
ǼӲҶֹһ䡣
֪˵ëṹܵˡ˵ǵĵ汻ڶķӳ֣Ҷһ֮£Ȼûдһ˿Ѻ۳
ë˱ˣ˫еǼҶʸڽµ˷ܶûɢȥͻȻıʣԼڵˡͻȻܵľҵĹʹĸо˲ľͳ˰ë˵Ժ񾭡
ֱٴײڵϣٴθܵ˾ʹŰԺеһŽ忪ëǷӦ˹
һ̶ļ˳̫ˣٿսľƹľƺ«ͻȻˣɢ䣬硣
⻹ûԪǰë˵˼ĸܵ˾ʹŷļСҶýܵĳҲġ죬ʲôˡ
иƨѵҰʵ˵Ҷ̧žë˵˽ȥ̶ļʧˡ
ءͱסˣë˷׵Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
ŰëǴŵ۾һ׺ݵӣƨ붼֪Ǻ顣ҶʾҪһ
ӴЬǻƻƵĶʲôѵǲȵʲôĴˣϽɾҶʹȵĶЬӣʵë˵ҶʵЬһλҲֲҶʵǶʲô
ŻŻҶô˵ë˵ˡĪģӺŵǳĴʵȻë˸Ż˼ΣȻ۾һƣһᣬͻ˹ȥʳĲǱë˸Żġ
УҶ㻹̫ˡҶջԼĽţڰë˵ϲ£ණɾˡ
ʵҶȥʲô㣬Ϊ˶İë˲ô˵ġЬûʲôһЩҶôһ˵Ϊ̫ëֿȻˡ
Ҷ̧ŲȥĶҲմȾϵİë˸Żġ
ҶʤһаܵС


485 飡
ë˵ˣɫĻĹԪؿʼڻıϡúΧĿռеŨһ¡
ҶЩˣҪǾôѰë˸ţָʲôӡô˵һë˵ķǳȷġǰë˵ĵ̣ܳϻǲϣëһҶǱ˵ġ
һë˵ˣǧǧëǰͺ̵ĳˡҶʹһ
УȻ˵˾ǴͿ˵ĽҲǱҼ˵ġأһԷӲҪô졣ǺҶʾҪ˵
ҶˣȻͻȻ͵ϮŷĹôҶһ𣬳Ű׹⻹ûȫɢһŭŭҲûܹҶô˵ô˵
ͬʱҶʻԼΧȫˣһӣȫûܹ̽鵽ڲһеˡ
ҶԼŪһĺۣ·һ𶼱ˡԲеĸоǲܵģҶŪԼġ
и˿Ҳǲеİûж˻šҶ˵ĶѵļһĨȵʺһƬȻĨԼϣ·ϡ
ҶʲӣİԼŪѪ˵ˣҶʵѪҺǽɫģһֶصϣǱ˶߱ģǻᱻ˿αװݵġ
ܶʱʶҶֵģҶʵԴӣǿֲٳӦĪġ
һУҶ˵ϾĵȴȴŹԪس׵ϡﵽ״̬ʱǾҶʿʼϷʱ
ҶʵϲҪţÿһ춼ֱֳ
ҶҲû飬ͿʼһٵʱǹԪϡʱ
ҶʰһʱˣʮӵӣҾѾܹڲһеˡ
Ҳ㣬ɵСˡҶһסؿڣһֳ˵ϣȻ󻺻
ϷҪȫףһϸԱܹԼ档ҪľǱ׽˲ĸоԵޱȵʵ
Ҷһţ˲ֱȻŰëŵĵط˳ȥ
ԪصŨ̶ǲڵˣҿѪҶʣŰë˵ĵط˹ȥ
һѾͰѵŵİëץȻ˫ַһһҵķֱץסֻ׵ĳ
ס֣ס֡ȻᱻͽݡԵ飬ҶʵĶ۾״С
ȻҶΪǳͷҶǳĸˣǳ˷ܣлŵڴġǣҶ˵ĹǳǵԤϵġĺǳأǻǳ鷳ġ
ô֮ûϵƹϵģΪں¡
ҶʵΪЩܵϵ鼷ҵ鶼ǳĿġҲҶʵԼˣȻǲϣҶ˴鷳ģǲֵõġ
˶Ǻε¼ԵԪȻԹʹͽ֡Ͽ£ȻҪÿҲйսİë˷ŭҶʵΪѾǶǵȨˡһĦȭƵģֵĴ㡣
ߣǳһ԰׳ʲô˲ġûʲôѼʲôҲ˰׳ôҲǳв͡ҶߣᡣҪǱ⼸˾͸סˣҶҲͱˣϿʰؼˡ
ԭкܴϷĳɷ֡ڣҶķŭˡһԿᣬĵɪˣʲô˲ġҲһԡޣҲûмʲô˲İ
˫նҶʸˡǴûκεԪļӳ֡
ꡱꡱꡱͷλѵһƬҶʵ˵棬Ѿ˵İë˵ĳһһȫˡ
ֶʮֵѪỴ̄йս鶼ȴû˸ҷκεǵжԵĻƵĻġ
֮ǰεĽڶͳһıˡҶʵֶ죬סˡ˵ǰ޹˼ɣ˵һҶͷ࣬ͲܲˣҪʲôˣܱ˵ɰʲôġ
ûзΪҶʵֶ̫ڵĲסе顣оҶǵǰ¶һ֣ʵ̫ڵĿˡ
ûиܵκεԪĲܲ˿µƻնܲסҶʵǶôǿҶ룬׵Ϊô
ǴıƴĻУжûмҶʵĶ֡


486 һǿƵĸ
ԭҶʸŪĻ˹ȥİëˣֱҶʸ˹ѹ֮󣬾͸о˾ʹðë˺޲ٴλȥ
ǣܿģͲҪȥˡڷ˲ˣʹ米ܸожſſĵԼѾû˸оˡ
ëʶʲôпʼ˿־ĸоŤͷȥһƬĿտðë˵˲ͷˣûһ˿Ѫɫ
ԭһԿĳ򣬾£ŤͷҲܹĿġǣھȻĿһС
ǰģôһεʱ䡣ڣһ㶼ˡķ飬˲ĶˣѰĳ嶯
ѩĳ򣬲ΪͽǹԵʹһҪԴ
ĳûˣʧˣһʧǽҵЩʵҲѾˡ˵ˣиԭĻᣬҲ׷ǿʵĻˡ
޾ԣֻҪǿ߿ϰæܰʧȥ˳ʹµĳһԳһжпܡҪԵҲǹʩΪ˿ܡ
ƽʱǴŹĻӣΪͽǶôôҫأֻǹǵİˡûʸģҲʱǡҪ˵ȥҹæˣȫĲܵġ
Ҷˣһѹϵһ㣬ڰë˵󣬳̫дضڵϡҪǱƤûбҶƻ¶Ѿһصˡ
ԭ⻪Ľ׵ëͰ͵ģѾû˹󣬿ľһѵĸӲľͿҪ绯˵ĶëѪˮëȾë˳ë·ŵʣҲеδδĵڵϵġ
ŨĹԪؿٵĴѾһĳƮɢƮɢƮɢƮɢë˾ԼϣҲŨĹԪƮɢˡ
ë˵ͷٴεһᣬٴεĻ˹ȥˡ
Ҷʷ·ʲôˣɻĶ˵˿裬˵۽ǻ䡣
еѾҶĥòˣҲʧȥˡҶһǶһһͰе˶˳ȥˡ
ȻҶʴͬĳӵ˿ҶʵǳҶԵøӵɲҪ˵ҶԶ׵ʵڹӰʵͬϹǶš
Ҷô൱ǰʣ޼ϣָݺݵĵ鲼ˡ
Ȼ˵ҶʵΪһٵ̣ڣѾûа취ˡϵ˹һϣǴܹһȵĸǵĸҲǵĵߡ
ҪⳤѾôҶϰˣĬ˵ϡڽ죬طķʽ˸ˣ̤ˡɱǶҪܡ
ҪǽǿҶǿ󣬾ôˡǣ֮󣬻иġҶʡҲǽһ̤ǵϡǵĸ߹ͻ᲻ڣǾͱȵȥ˻£úʹҶһˡ
ĺǲܳܵġڴ֮ǰԼνĸһȣ۸ܶ˵ġҪûνĸ߹¶ڱ˵ѹƣôǰ۸˷ҲǱȻˡ
ȻҶжɲ⣬ʮֵĿ¡ǣǲˣӲˡ
࿴һۣڳİë˶һᣬʮŽǰһжҶѹƵ˼С
ǲݼ̤ģҶδ̫˰ɡһ˵ǲΪǿ˵ġһʵǿİë˿ڣȻ͸ҶʣҲҶʣֻ޵Ŀһ
ҲǲẦµģһ˵˴ͷİë˶ˣһȣһƬޱȵĺ
ִˣΧ۵鶼Щ¡һѾ͸Ĺȥˡ⿴һŽһˣǶЩܵĺ¡»ǣȥǳЩ鷳
˺£˵ˡȻҶʸǳһôҶʮֵӣҶʵֵܡֵܵǵ
ڣЩ˶ѡ˹ϵĺˡнڻؼҳԷģнé޵ģнϱģ߰Ľڶˡ
ֹֻļ䣬Χ˶ܹȻ󲻸ĻᣬŵĨ;ܿˡ
˴ͷˡЩԭҡڲ˶Щżˣиӵԥˣ֪ô졣ǣҲǡ


487 ˣ
Ƭ̵ĹԭԵʹռƵģѾˡһĻԴԴĺڿٵǰ
ҶˣΪʲôڴҵռƵ£ᵥıһ˸ѹһͷġ
ϵһһϵûġôǰѣ綼һġϵͲôȣҲһ֮ѡ
Ҳ˵Ҷ˵ʲôȺףأǱһѹסˡ
ո˽⵽һеλȻʱҶʻǲ⡣Ҷˣ˲ŷһҲ㹻ġ
ҶһŬһ𱣻ŹҴĳȻĵλҶʮֵŽᣬʮֵľһսȭͷ۵һ𡣿˵һپ٣һģһġ
أϵȻ˵ӴڹСǴԭôϤϿǺͺģ˽˭˵ءƽʱûʲôʱ򣬴ҶԳֵܵġ
ҶʸովҳͷʱһġʱҶֵܵôӣֱ޲һȥݵġ
أҶ鷳ˡЩ˾ˣԿ϶ǣⲻǵһˡҲԿ϶˵ⲻǵһνġֵܡ˵ģҶʶЩĺοЩ顣
Ͳο飬֮󣬾ֳνġֵ顱жôĴ
˵һΣͻеڶεΡһʱˡ֮飬ͻȻȻ뵽ˡǰȻϵľͰѡֵܡˡ
ȻҶǸܸˣľͳְһİ˵ˡ
һ͹ϲˡһǱһ˵ģԵĶǿǿʵһƵɢɳȻԹһΪģȻûĹ涨ģǴҶѾĬ˵Ĺγˡ
ֳĹڻûȫ߹⣬Ҷ΢²٣Щ黹оȣڵȫ޽״̬
ܺãǻûȫ߹⣬Ҳ̫ĺԭҿһ֮ġǰỤңˮҲǶмӵģĻΪһСɫֵΪôҶ˲˾ΪЩûߵģһʼ֧Լıȡһ¸
Ҷ˵⻰ʱȫûаѹһ۾ģʵڶΧЩᶨķǹһ˵ġ
Ҷô˵ȫûиһκεӡһ϶ǻһŭȴ޿κΡ
Ҷ˵Ĳ١Ҫ˵֮ǰҶʴ˵İëûˣôء
ȶѾ˵ˣսǰëģǵŴҵеĹƽսһֵʱ򣬰ë˾û֣Ҷ֪
ڹ˵ëˣֻһССŷʹͽˡͽǧ򣬶ţë˵ʹڶǻ塣
İëˣڹУǸصСɫΪһСɫ˷ʱ䣿
ҶǸģԵˮǵµĸࡣҲǰΨһĸࡣҶȻΪôģϵˮԪŨˮԵļӳ֡
Ҳ˵ҶڹĴǰĴˡȽϵĻëҶʷͬȵĵλϽбȽô
ΪһصСɫԳͬʱôǲܵİɡ
ȻҶ˵Ķʵǰë˶ûǸӵĿˡһСɫԲǡһȺСɫһ𣬻ڹСҪǹǲܣẮеĹһͽĵġ
ǼȻˣûߵġҪǰһһȥȡҹе
ҶʵĻЩ֧ҶʵҲǸӵļᶨˡŵȵվˡҶ˵Ҳ뵽ˣҶԵĿ˵ǲһ˵ġ
ҲǱѹȹˣѾһˡ£һҲѡõĻԺûվ
£һε֮󣬻᲻һҶʣȥǹһѹȵˡ
ǾʱˡòˣҪҶʣҶַ졣Ҷʣȡԭڴҵ빫ƽ
ңҶʵĻһŶ裬еˡһսǰˮ֧֡


488 ׳н
Ҷʣһ˵
Ҷʣһ˵
Ҷʣһ˵

ë˿ҶʾȻŴҵڹĶȺڣ֪ܵˣҪҶĹĶ˴ǱѹѾ˵ĻǻǺܿµķġ
ڸҶʵ׼ʱ仹֣޷Ǳĵ׵ķŭʱ䳤˾Ͳ˵ˡҶʿӲʲôʡ͵ĵƣʱ䳤˻Щ鷳ġ
Ŀǰ󣬹һŽѾõģǲùĶģھվͬһսϡҶһ棬ҪĶҪʱ׼
Ҳ˵һģҲҸҶʱ׼
ëһߣһ𿪿ڣ뻮һġһƬͬһУһһ㡣һصľ˷ģƵϯ˷
ҶʻƲߵ˰ë˷Ķվڷ˵ǰվˣһеĹһ顣
Ҷʵ岻Ǹߴ󣬱Ӱ㲻ʲôΰʱҶʷ·ǻ˶صľˣԡ
ҶǲΰıӰķŵ޾Ҷеĺ־壬ֻ֪ǰǸ˵׼û
ͬĿ£ڶƾȻҶʵںһ𡣻һεĴ󽣣ֱָ档
ë˵ϢҲںϣǻһѴ󽣣ֱָΪ׵Ҷʡ
˫ϢؼеԪγһ籩˫ҵת
Ҹо˷磡
Ҹо˻𣬳ȵĻԪأ
Ҹоˮֿ񱩵ˮ

Ҷ˵ԭǷڲͬȺģڣΪһͬĿľۼһڹͬķܶ
ҵԪƵ˳ԼСΧĿռ޼ɵĲ
Ȼ˵ĸ壬Ϊôǿʤ˶࣬˼ͳһԪ˴ˣɱ
ֻйԪسϷĹУӲıȿһƬĿռԪеĺķǹԪء
һǳõףһǿļֻҪҶŽᣬôҲôĿµġ
Ƕڰëһ˵ɲʲôõ󡣶ԷƻڲϵŸ࣬ŨķǹԪر£˹Էá
ҶҲһ£ԭΪܻޱȵѡû뵽ЩڹУȻŪ˺ƴĲ
Ҫ֪ЩĶصԵԪȻ˵ĳЩЩĹЧҲǻᱻƣѹƵġҶԪԵģʴ˲ѹǲһġ
ǰ⣬С޼ɵĻӻԪӳԼǲѹȵʵôҶʱ׳Լ⡣
ûУǲܵġȺ˴ȣӦҶʵ⡣
ûУܣΪʲô룬ôѲܱ˿أΪôԶԶıνǰǿôҶʼʣҪȡ
ҶĬˣ֪ôȥش⡣ǰҶ˳ܣѾϰĹˡ˭뵽Ҫȥģ˭Ǵֵġ
ش𲻳ûйϵ֪ûǿ٣ں£η塣±ЩνĹ۸±۸ʱûͬΪʲôܹ۸ǣΪŽᡣΪʲôעҪ۸һɢɳǸΪսҶҲûǻشݵ֮ͣҶʾͿ˵˴𰸡
Ҷʿ˵һ㶼û棬ֱӾ͵˵档вԸἰǿ߲һƿˣǵų¶¡
ܶ˵ˣͨͨģ߷ߵġ˶ȫģûд·ͱ¶˴ҵ۾¡
Ȼ߷ߣǷŭȴû˸ҳԷΪҶ˵Ķʵģĵ׵Ľ䣬ԸἰġǴ˿ֱ̣׵ľ˵˳ˣûа취ȥӱˣֻȥԡ
˵ɫǻָ߷߱˿ˣ˸ǿҵķŭǶԵ˵ķŭ֮Ҫôһã֮ҪҪ̣ǻǶΪԷѹȵġ
˶̧ͷ˫Ŀܵŭȼաȼյе˸ӳȵĻ棬ȥյˡ
Ҷ͵͵Ļͷһ£ǳҵı֡Ҫ̵ĻҶʾûǳˣһָĻᱻϺ˵ġ
ڵһи׳нļıõĲǳİ


489 ַ죡
Ǹɣ򡣴һģ˱Ƕࡣ
ԣǸɣ¸򡣴ϸ룬жʱ򣬶˶۸ٵġ
ԣû˶ࡣҲŽһģǶô

һһĶˡ˶꣬˶꣬˶ꡣеķŭеĲڽ춼ˡ
ëˣû뵽һǶֻҪʲô鷳ѡõôôģûãȻӡ
˫Ѿﻢˣû·˭Ҫˣ˭ע˵Ҫѹһͷġ
ǹһǲܹõġҪЩ˶ˣ鷳ʹˡЩѹ˶飬ָһЩùһ޷ܵġ
ֵǣǾȻҪΪǵϣΪǵҲǲܹġϣһһģǸǸɡëҲ˴𣬸ҼʹԼӡ
ϾֻͬҪԼߵ࣬ǾͿֱȥŻԷġǽ쿴ǲܹˣ˵дģĴ򶷵¼
ܹͬ󣬵ǲܹͬѡھ°Լ˱ƸסˣɳʲôӵĶǾ鷳ˡ
ҪԼӣǻǶ顣ǻӰԼߵʿġϵ飬ΪʲôᱻԼһסء
ΪԼһߴǹôƨⶼƭƭ˵ģǹٷ˵ǹ˼˶ԷӣöԷǽô˵ġ
Ϊ˫ĳڣԷˡ
˫𽥵Էһ֦㣬ռݵƵƣǹԪؽǿˡʧȥյƽºͣ˹ԣҶѹ˹
ҶҲǲֵԪศɣûлų⡣໥ٽ£ĸӵǿˡ
ƣˮľԭ˴ˣмŹȣһ໥ٽԵѭ
еĹԪرȿ˴롣һŨɫճģӿ񱩵ʥࡣ
һߵǾŤĲɫͷȴг˹ԡ
Ҷվǰ棬Ǹͷ˵áҲϢ໥Ӵĵһܵˡ
ҶܵϢѹ̫ǿҶʳܲˡŤԪӳҶʵϡҶʳеӢ䲻ɫս׵Ŀ޵ս
Ҷʸܵú뵽ˣɽԭȫǺ޾ϢҲǻݵģͬˮֶȴҲҵһкϵ㣬˴ศɣӵĺˡ
ҶʸϽҡҡͷԺ߰뷨˦˳ȥˡȻ˵ҲֵоǰԵǲʺоġ
ߵϢԷܿľײһɿֲƣײһ˲䡣ײΪ㣬ϱ˺һĿӡ
ǿӻѸٵӣѿ˲ٵķᡣԭڶķӳֵĵȫܹһġ
Ҳ˵ȺϵĴڡһҲܹ˲ģɲǼ䱬Զ
ˣһϵڹǵϿ¡¡죬Ƕ΢΢Ĳ
ͬһʱ䣬һɫƥһɹ⣬ԶбµĻ໥Ƶġ
ûоҵĺûбƵһεܣԲһɢնһ͸ˮһ㣬ɲǼôһЩʵ
˫ǿֲ˸ƷǸһģһӾ͵һƬ
Ҷʵ˫ᣬɵĹâҶʵֵһ֡ͬʱҶʵ˫ѾԼĲȽ˽µĵСԼεĶԭأҶʲûбƷ
ؿڹŵһɫˮһıʯҲð˸Ũ⣬˶棬Ҳûг
ȻˮĽҶĳ򣬲ΪɱΣ˵ˮϢУҶݡǿʱ򣬻ǻһķõġ
ؿڵĶǾ͸ӵˡðһ˻˵Ҫ˵ͻڵһʱ䱻ʶơ
ˮΪ˱Լº޹˼ɣԸԼƷȫĸʶ̽飬ǷҲһ
ͱʱʶƴ鷳ֻҪʰȻҶҲ֤ġϾݣǺܺõģһơ


490 ƽȣ
ĿҶһۡ׼ȷ˵ǣһ۾ͰҶʸˡص㶼ϡ˫ڣͨ͸ˡϸĶʡ
ʵĶᵽɤۣ޵ĿһҶʡҶҲޱȵĽšȻ˵һƽҶദôʱˣô²Էˡ
ʿ֣뵽ӦͷһοҶ˵ĵģһΪԼĵġȻ˵ǵĵԼݱʶƣأҲˡ
뵽еѹȤɵЦ
Ҷɻתͷʣ֪Ϊʲôʽĵʶô˵ĴˡһתͿʿԼһļЦǲ֪뵽ʲô߰Ķ
ҶͻȻЩˣҲЩĽˣ㲻ɵɵ
Ƿˡʸǿ͸ġϵ٣αġŨˮԪУˮԪŨˮϢҲǸ˹̽ϵĶ
ҲЩɻ󣬿ϵŵĶӦˮƷˮ顣֪ˮʱ˹ϵˣǲ֪ΪˮҪĶ
ΰĹ񣬸лϵͽĺǰҵȣΪԺ˼·ǹˣ͹ڵϵĹһ˴
ǹʹߣҲҵͽȻǻ·ƽʱŨ˴࣬Щǹܹܵģùʮֵ
ˣûзŭ΢ЦģһȰĹӡᵫÿһڳĶ
αӡҶСֹһոʱԵǴһ˿ĻġҶҲо˹һĪȻͻһףӡ
ߣһҶʵĶ𣬶죬ʲôҪˡҶʾԺЩѣΣҡҡͷ
ȵԴ˹ʱҶܿȥǲûп쳣ķӦ
Ҷ֪ԼˣӦ˵ԼСֹԷˡűԷԣԷˡ
̧ͷһȻ˹۽ǵĶԼҪ˶࣬ҪǹҪάʰ˵ͻᰵгˡ
ȿȣҶʽͨˣҶʵľ̬ٿҶʵ񣬾ʲôˡ£ѹԼǻġ
ȻʿԹ󡣶ݻǱȽϼɵĹջߣһĵȥάԼŬװˡ
־硣ĻޱȵĿ㣬ӵһС죬Щӵ顣ȻҪĻȻڷаë˹ŴĿ˵Ԫޱȵĺÿһڳ鶼ܹġ
ҵȾûб־ֻͽʵ̫֣־ǿҵȵϡ˵ƽȵôΪιһͽҪҵȵͷϡҶʵĹ£ϵҲǹĿڱ⡣
Ȼƽȵ͡˭㿪˵ģұ졣Լ˵ǰ˭˭ȻҪӻԼһߵ˵ġҪǶԼСԼ£ôôҶĵģǻ˭ġ
񿪿ںǳԷһǳһ㡣Ҷ죬ЦЦȻ鲻ġ
ʣλΰĹԼڿ˵ƽȡΪʲô˵Ϊġͽñ˱ġǸӵƽȡҶʿˣѹǰ׺ΰָϵϳв޷̱͵˼
㣬ΪˮҾͲҶġŭҶʴҶʡ
зһУֻҪҪ֪Ǿͻᡰһġ֮ǰĶֵôĴ󡣹ע⵽ˡֳڵӣͬʱܵǿˮϵʹ޹ϵ
˵ƽȣҲиΧġǧǧƽȡҹһҪƽȵĸÿһ䣬ôҶԡڹ֮СҪԼϣжʲôǺʵƽȡȻоҶʣҶ֮ǰǿڴ˵ġǾͲòڽһˣҪǱտڲԵԼô
ڹ˵ͬʱʱ񾯸ҶʣʾҶʲҪٵңҪٸԼǳ鷳


491 ۣ
Ҷʰ죬ҶһĽܵӡŰͷתȥˣһѻ˵ˡ
л룬Сӻʶࡣıģؼǻޱȵʶ࣬ҲͬʱֵˮĻĵҪԭɡ
ô˵ɲΪ˵ʲôʲôˡǲ˵ôʲôƽȿءǲ֪е۵ı׼ʲôɣҿȵ顣ڿǰȫǣԳһϵģҲ¿ǸȵġҶʼȻѾҪˣô׾ͷŹġ
ڵģҪһܵĻǾԵĴ򲻹ġץסǧѷĻᣬӦ¹ǾѾǷǳ˵ġ
ҪûǹĿʵǼۣҶʻûôĵӵģСҪ
ǹʵǼۣаŵĸʵ̫ڵķḻˡױȵ𾪣ҲΡڿʵĲϵӵʱ򣬻ŽüͷĶ
ڶԹ𾴣ҲǱסˣ̧ͷֱӡҶû˼һʼûаЩ˷Ӧ𾴵λá
ʵߵıôûбǾѾǺܸˡҪȥ𾴣𾴸ƨ
ʵҶ֮ԻôԹԹһġľǾ̫ķ̫ô
ȻеģһС֡Ҫ˵ȫΪȫǹƨûԼͬ飬ûԼѡ챻ڻϿҲҶƨ¡Ϊǿͷ
˼ϱ˺ȥľǰ׳ģкڳˡҶʶɱô࣬˵Ǽ°
ЩǸģкŵʲôҪռԼļ磬ѹūԼѵĿںŵİ
񣬻Ǹһطĺڰ֮˺˾ʿ˹ȥ
ҪͻȻħүӣǺġ
ҶǸˣʲôʲôҶʶǵúġЩԶģл漰ѹԼͬҶʿ˵һӶǵġ
ҶǸˣѻǷǳĺˬġͬʱҶҲһСˣһˡֻҪ˺ԼԼͬ飬ǻû˺ôܵˣҶʶǷǳԵġ
ڣպþҶеһ˵ģֻǱҶʿͷϵĹ˼¡
ҪҶʵʵǿܹĹõô鷳ֱӾɱȥˡ˹·һ󱳵ëù񳹵׵ġһأȻ͹ڳſϡ
ƽҵյ룬Ҫʵ룬Ҫܳʱ䡣Ҫܶ׼ҵһʵ㡣ѼҲ飬Ҫ˵ҲƽȣӦôüͷһͻͻͣ
ǻǹסˣûһԼĵϾĶ֡һԵĶԼӣʱгֵĿԡ
ʲôģʲôʱܳ֡ôΪ˸Լ׳Ŭ۾ȭͷĬƽƽġ
ʲô˵뼦Ѽƽȵģ޻˵˭ʵǿˣ˭Ҵ򲻹ءǣȻ˵ˮҲ죬δ̫˰ɡҶʲˣ˰˶ȣĿ˵š
㲻Ҫҵ˼ʲôʱˮһˡ³һѪǰһڣ㵹ȥ
Ҷʶ˵ʲôãγԼ˵ġĪˮȥˡ
ɣɣûˮ˼˵һˡǰеĸ࣬ô˵˸ǰҲˡǰĲϹˮཻĪġô˵ǰˮҲ˹еˡôƽȵôôߵôҶֵøӵˣץס˹鼱֮µ©Ͳɿˡ
ǻʲô򣬶αӡӦùԼǹһģòΰĹıӡйһĶǸ߹ġˮʲôǲ˵İҶˣתŹһƬķǹһ飬˵
ҶĻҶڶУûмεġ
ͽЩ춯ԥҪҪҶ˵ûбҪһαӵġ


492 ܵף
˭̧ͷģ˭ġܻˣҶĹĶȻľԼˡ
ΪĲ̫󣬵¹ЩڲˡЩҪǷǾ˵Ҳᵱ˵˵ġȻ˽ģǿ˵˵ԼĿС
Ǳ̬ĿУҪ˽ܹ˵ġ⵱ڵ˵˳ķӦȫͬġ
Ȼ˹ĻвٵҶߵ鶼ǻȻվ塣
Ȼ˶ûаԼ۾С˸ʲôҪԼѵԼҲҪԼԼҪˣҪˣ˭ϵġ
ңһû˵仰˼ȷˡԵûаѴҷ۾еˣûаѴҷνƽȶԴеˡҪһ˳ͷӣҪԸԼ˵ġ
ȻˣĹʲôţǻʰ㡣վţҲһĴǸӵ飬ǻѡߵˣɵӲżŰ
˵ɾͲ˰ǰʯͷԼĽŰҾ˵ǹһģ졣ǰ㻹֪һ£ȫͲˡƽȵĻΪʲôҪ㡣ƽȵĻƾʲô̧ͷ㡣ҶˣӴˡ
ǹԼ¶ţҪǲץס󻯣ǻҶô
ǣ㷴ûаǵͬԴΪʲôҪ㣬ƾʲôһҪ㡣ŭȺҲˣҶҲײ˹ôΣҲûпʲôҲ˿ʼԶײˡ
ǣ˭涨һҪ㡣
ԣû㲻ǵͬ鿴Լǵͬ鿴

ޱȵĻ󣬸оԼҪˡˣˣûķŭˡҲûбµµĴڳԶײˡ죬Ϊˮϵʹ
ô궼û飬ڽһһ顣
ԼҪŭǧǧҪסһǲܷŭġҪǽûдãǻд鷳ģǺġ
ʱ򲻽µµԼЩԼͬҲǻвҵġ
ʲôλˮϵʹңǵҡƽȣҪ𡣴ҶһҪݡֻҪйҹǾѾ㹻˵ġԺ󶼲ȹˡ񱻱Ƶûа취
Ҫ̬ǿӲǶȥ»ʵ䷴ġֻ˳ƶΪ
ֻЩǹͽԼͽţԼͽ˱һˡҲǲеġ
ѵһɵǸӵѵˡԵľ˳ŵǰʽ˶ˡһֲȺµǰ֣ݲݵģҲνˡ
ѵҪһαһĴϼѰҶипԹЩͬˡҪ춼飬ǿ»æĽͷöİɡ
Ҷʺһص㣬Ǿ춼顣ôҶĴͷû¾Ÿɵġ
ĸһģһάԼһ߻ҪùٷƴĸԼԼͽ̺ôġ
ҪǣȥһͬʱﻤŵҶģһĴһƤĵûбĴͬʱŵģҲûеġ
ΰģΪ˱ʾԹأǲһʱĹƨ
ͷϣǸһըͰһƨûĶλãһˡ
ӲҪţǾ͹ŰɡڿʼǲҪ˵ûתͷ˹һһͷһġ
ˣǵ˵ǡ˵˵ʵҲΪҪǷ˵һٻǾͱҲˡ񼷳һ˿΢ЦתͷҶߡ
񿴹ԵĻЩŵġľͰĿɨҶʣʾҶ⡣
Ҷεʼɣ˵ͷʾҾ˵
񣬹һҵ͡˻ѹ飬˵þ˸ֵֶΡҪ˵ɹƭ͵ǴȺŹһҲǳ¡Ȼ˵ǹּ⣬Ӳҵ˻Ҫʵġʵǿɱе˵ˮȵġһҲ׳ŵӣĿ˵
˵Ȼ⿪ڵˣͰѹһ¶һЩҲ˵


493 󵹿ˮ
Լ˿ڣҶˡǸ˲ŰҶʿԷģԲԼ̵ģȫλԼɷ˵ġ
⿴ʵܵѹȴˡһӷҲǻĿɿڴġʵҲƢģʵҲôĺ۸ġ
˵滰ôķҵô˵ˣҪ˵ٻǻص𷣵ġԼ£Ȼı˸䡣ˣǸʲô顣
ҪĻҪԷͷԼͽôЩ鶼ǻʵģֲϹӸӣзЩ飬֪һЩġУδؾûйݵԭ
ҪͽĹУҪΪԼͽСͽṩģӴġһȥѾ
ǣ˵ȥĻóȥˮóȥˮܱЩͨߣ˵ȥĻǾûˣղ˵ġ
ǣǹҲ֪һġǲôĿŵģҪôˣȥǿˣֻʣ˹һˡ
ҡҡŷ˷ʱ䡣Ҿܽһ£Ũһ¡ǻǾʵģûͼӴסЩˣ˵ҲЩͰ͵ˣٴεļŭ˹
˵˻һΪԼû˵ԾܹУζѾǺԲ˵ģȴûиĿڣɤһĻشš
˭Ũˡ˵ĸ˵еʱ䡣ÿһ鶼ҽҪٸҸˡˣǰΪףȻѾҪάһӣھǲܷˣǲܹ뵱ȻЩʲôġ
Ҫͷ˰ɣû˵ʲôҪǲͷ˰ɣô͵óͷԼˡûа취ûд˵˵ĶǶԵģôԼˡ
ԼˣҲǲܹͷİ
ӣ˰ѻ˵˵ף˵ꡣ
Ǻ׵ģҪϸ˵޷ǾһЩڼҳ̵飬ѵ֮֮Ƕʲô飬С¡ûŨ̺˵ġ
ǸزֻҪ˵䣬Ȼʲô鶼ľˡһԼԼͽѾˣԺǲѹƵסϵˡ
ǻԵùһĴˣֱĺ
Ͷȥˣһû˵꣬Ͳͷˡ˵СӦţ͵͵ĴŹɫ
ϻôôĶ࣬Ҫǲ˵ھͲͷˡ˵˵㣬ϽġҪôֳҪǻҪάǹƨϵ󣬹Ҫ˵˸һˡ
Ҿ˵˰Լģһ֪˵˷ôĶԻǰ붼ġˡ
Ҫٲ˵СԺûл˵ˡĺҪһѾġһֻӬһֱڶ˵ģ϶ϲʲôоھʲôоǷǳĲˬġ
һǰҸոճʱ򣬸ողμ˳񣬷绪ïҡͻż볯ʥŹǳˡոյ˳ſڣЩϵʹЦң˵ҴӡСϣ˳صĴҺܳһʱ䶼һ겻ġ
һתۣڹ˼ꡣһжеôãԷҪԼģǹġҰש˴µʱ䣬Ǯȥһθߵľ¥ǷϹˣֻһ˾ûǮˡȻȺϵʹֳЦ˵ģյĸ߼ۡôǮԳˡ
ȥ޴֣ʹ졣һŶӵĹϵʹ˽һۡȻһѾͰҸˡӣȻĹоһȵġʹң˵ҹġҲϲɣӵʱ˭̵ס
˯Ǹڣ˵Һ̫󡭡
ڽϣ˵гζȾ
ȥ׬Ǯ˵˿ҹǮ

˵ƽ䶼Զ࣬ʱþõĺô˳ˡ
ʱ䳤ͶడǾʵ̫ڷḻˣҶĶЩԱˡ
̫ܳˡʲô߰ǶˡҶʶ˶ֳĴˡ


494 Ҫమ
üͻͻͣüζֱӶˡ˵ĻôôĶأôôˡ
ˣҪ˵ֵµ˻۸ˡǹ񣬶мһδһεĴˡ
˻˷ѿ˷صİ
ö˶˵ľӣͲ˵һЩŵôΪ˵ģûа취ŵġ
Ҳ˵ʲôӰݵôǡģͲûаѳθÿɶθ˵ˡùģǰ͸ֳһ档
һŴƨڶ׿ӣϡ͵ʺɫĽڹҺ֮ĶһкǧȻ˴˳ǶõǡȻŹһȻǡ
޲ԼһƵģû¸ŶԷ˼·ȥʲô˵˼·ԼҲҪȥô
Ǿþ˵ûдСȻ˻ȻʹҲӣùȥ
ôֲʲôõ顣ôñȥôĵ顣ԼϲԼоʲôñ֪ڲз飬ͻӰǻµġ
ˣұ죬Ҫ˵ˡܲˣһͬʱһ׹˵Խ˵Խ׵˾ˡ
ء˵˴󼱣ôʵ̫ûòˡԼ˵˵ողſһͷֻ˵ǻһͣȻֲԼ˵ˡ
˵Ͳ˵⻹ǿӲֶΡֱӰͶסˣǲ춼Ҫˡ
˵ᣬòҵôڣԴ˵˵һԼıҵĻ᲻ҰҪƽʱ˭ԸԼķϻء
ˣҲصĽлˡ㲻˵ˣҲ˵ˡҶˣʲôҶ֪ˡҪٳˡһЩ֪صʲô˼
ﻹԸġһĶʮֵ˷ܣߣӽʮµļơˣһ˾Ѿǹĥ˵ˡҪ⻹ҪҪ˻ˡ
˹Ļԭ۾˲ľͰȥõĻᰡһǰ˷ѿˮԼƽȵһİ
ȻûĻˡҿǻص˵ĺ󱳣˲;һ񻷼ӳϡ
ֻҪʲô軰ᣬֻҪԼڹǰԼľôһ˵˲ܳưȫģ˲ɱһС
󣬴Ҫమġ׼ڱ۸ǲ׼ĸʹӡʲôӷǹһˣǲΥģطȥΪˣֻҪٵ뿪Ƿ֮ء
Ͳ˴ĵطԣǲܴĵط̫࣬һһǧ˫۾šҪһЩʲô飬ܹ޵ķŴ
ľǹȲѵĽҪǲİһˮƽôбһߣһ߶ǲӦġ
һֱͦˮϵʹ׵ӣҲ֪鲻ܾô˵ġ˫ﵽƽȵĴǱȻˣҲԴӦˡ
׹һһֱͣûصĹԭʧˡͺǴûһġ
ԶȥˣǶصѹҲʧˡҶСĿ˿գȷһڴڵĴϢһ£Ƿˡ
֮ǰʱ򣬴ҿ˵ǴҴһµġǳͷȻͱڱеˡ
һӡϣúõԼĸߣ´βҪٸֳôˡȻԶȥˣǻһʵĶУȻҶҲ˵ġ
㲻ǶӣȻߵʱһݻҶȻǲȥģҲˡ
ҶʵʱˣѾմȾһЩҶʵϰߣҲǱҶʵ˼ӰһЩ
ߵʱźݻиƨáⶼߵΪֻ߲Żġʵǿߣгԩʲôģһ㵱ѾǱ˵ģȵʲôһΡ
ǹ˵ѡߡǣҪǹ֪˵ʵĻǿ»ĳ˰ɡ
Ҳ˵ǹ˼ڶķǹϵķʵĿǹ˼Ҷʼң˼ҲǿƵĲֵġ
߶Ѿ˵ġҶʲŲȥ顣һغϵĽ棬ǹ΢ѷɫһġ


495 Կ
ˣһ˲ЩɥˡĹǶˣҲʲôˡ
ңߵʱǿ˵˵ġ׼ԶԷˣǲ׼ˡҪ֣ǻᱻڵķȥΪġ
ҪǵڵıԷȥΪôҲͳˡΪѾûˣиƨáʱ³׳ģûµŪ
ߵʱ򣬴ӦǸǿĵ̫˰˲ͰǵΪ˹ϵһӴ֧Ĭϵ£֯޼ɵĺˡ
ٴѹԷǿ϶ǷǳĲǵˡ췢ô飬Ҫ˶ã췢һоͿԴˣҪ˶ãǿԴˡ
е鶼֪˽ˣе˶˷ˡ˵ˣҪƽˡ˭ǳɵƵıԷѹİ
ֵܣǰǲԡնеϣܶİǰѹ˼ˣǵĲԡϣܹƽദԺϣҶܹﻥġû˹֧֣һû֮ϵĸ
һʾˡǳǣǳϵķ˼ӣΪġΪѾǷǳĸԷ˵ġѾǷŵ̬˶Է˵ġ
ò˵ǴҶʶǳǡʮֵʶʱǿ߳ʱ򣬾;ܵѹԷûǿ֧ŵʱ򣬾͹ϵѡʾ
ôĺء˰ʱ;ѹԷû˰㣬ǿ߰ԷʱѡʾҪԷͺ
׬ģǲҶʿװǣ˼ֳļΣǲҲ˱ǮģҲȳ˱˵ĻƤôⲻҲȽͶ룬ȻŻ˻رô
һģǺơҪİǵ˼⣬ô˵ǶǴ׬˵ġ
ȱ˵Ҷߵ˴ӦӦҶʣǾԵĲӦġŪôĶΪľҪӦΪľҪùһĲãҪϺڰһģǾǸòˡ
ȻǲʵģҶ̫̰ˡеԪضûԵѹãǶںڰԪأǾԵѹƵġʴˣʲô鶼УǾûкڰϵġ
Ƕ˵ˣǰǵĲԡôҪһʹء飬ҪóӦĳ˴ʱˣҪǾôˣǲԵҵʱ̫ڵôҶʷˣɲ˴ĳɹôľˡ
ʵҶʿڣҲԽ޴ҡҶ˵ģһҶʿ˵ǹûġڹ˵ʱ򣬴ҶϰԵĿҶʣҶ⣬Ҷʵķʩ
˵ˣҶҲǹһˡҲǷǹϵĴʱҶҵĴںò˵ġ
ңҶҶҲ˵ʮֵŷġҶһʼΪıȡʱȻǲѵֵ湰ֵóȥġ
ҪôȻ˵Ҫƽˣʵʩ϶ǻҪһʱġǾͲʱ䣬һСĵŪЩʲôôҶʿڣûоʹ˰ݵ˼һУҲǿӲ
ϾǿӲôˣͻȻģѾǷǳĲ˵ġ⻹ԷܾˡһַΣԷӣԷĸо
ǿƹ˵ˣûа취ͻȻӦߵĸоġʴˣҶôһ˵Ⱥ;ѾǸҶ˵Ĺһһ˲ֱˣǱѹ˵Ͱ˸ӿֲ
Դżѹô˵ǳʱǸĸûбãͷŵˡҵ档Ŷǵ棬ǾȻ˵ҪʹСӡŲţǰľȥȻЩ˵ô졣ҶˣȺˣûӣȻܵŴҵ˵Ļ
飬˽ܹǻҪ͵͵ȥñ˷˵ġôŴһ˵Ҫġ
㣬ҡ˵ˣͻôһ̾ͽҲ˼֡飬ֻ˵˵ѡҪͱ˹ȥǾӴˡ
㿴ҸҲҵġԿȥǲȥġҶˣȻ˸ԼƢûˣǺɵ棬ֱɵúܿɰҶʺϲ


496 еֵܣ
ô˵ˣҲͲִˡԴҶãҲ̫ڵĲˡأıӻûʲôġأҲûô鷳ġǲ飬Ǿ˵ˣҲͲˡҶҲòˣЩ˹ľ
ȻҶֵҲΪҺͺĲǲֵ֪ܵҪʲôֻҪֵ˵һǻᾡġҶʵȻ˵ҲЩˣûҪٴִ˼
һĶһϾҶ˵Ҷ֣Ҳ֣ǰĬܰҶôءԵĳͷһҲͰˡ
ĲˣҪֳʲôǲǳģҲǻᱻŭĹһٵġ
˵˵Ҳ۸ϵֵܺܶ˰ɡŷԣҶ֪飬ˬĴӦ˻ȽϺáҶʶ˶٣롣Ȼ󿪿˵ģҲҲ۸ôõġô뷨عҲǲӦġ
ҶΪ׵鶼Щʡ۸ôˣǺܲôķŹԷġһǧѷĻᣬԺ󶼲Ļ˵ġҶʶô˵ˣҲֻĬˡҶֳģҪûҶʣǲ֪Ҫõġ
һҲǳĬˣƱǿҶʿ˵ռ˵ҲռʵʲôҶʡ
ǾôһƨһģôЭˣҲӵġԣֻбֳĬǶҶ˵ĻĬˡ
Ժ󣬶ϵֵܶһ㡣£Ǿܿһ㡣ۻʲôģǶൣһ㡣Ҷһ˵˼ʵǲļ˵ȥˡ
ֱһȺϵûйȻ˵һǿӡôôһ㣬һÿþǿİܲŪҶʶ˼۸ˡ
룬ԼҲûжôĹϵЩ˾ǼĳǿǲԼġοڣȫʧ˵Ǿ͸ӵûΪˡҶҲûҪЩϵʲô
ǹĽӴϾԼǸˮϵʹһ޴ҪǱˣǻƤİ
Ҷֵܣ˵Щǲ̫һ㡣һЩʵ̫ǿˡǺһ㣬ʹӣܱ֤ǰǸɻǿġǰҲûǸɻġһЩԼĿ
νֻҪǲ£ҶνôǻܷҵͷôҶʺʼһĲ⡣
ʲôµģҶֵʾҶʵĻȫûаǷ۾һϵʹҶ˵ĶʵҶʱʱ̵̿ĶҪ˵ǣǵĹҲǲܹľͰҶôġ
飬ֵôƱػᴫġ˵رǴٶȻǳĿ졣ʱ鶼֪ˡǲǰǵ飬ǵġЩ۸İ˵顣϶ǻµĻġ룬ǶôӴҶ׳һذըϵ˵ʲô£˵Ǻ£Ƕڹһ˵جΡ
Ҷ˵ǵЩΪ൱ǹеһġ۸Ĳ۸޷ܶ˳˹صҲǲġ
ҪͻȻҶƽˣһĶûȨǻôô
Щ뿪أ᲻ɵģѵɱҪһʱô졣еĹϵûдã滹ԴԴ
ãǴӦҪ֤ǵİȫҪǱΧһĳĬƬ̣ǵͷӦˡҲûа취ӦаҶ˵ûʮֵ˵ġ
ҪǸЩ֮ǰЩֵܶźˡˣΪ˵˵ǲ֪ģҲġҶʴһ̫ȥĹ顣ԼҪɲܺġ
أֻҪһֺڳЩˡǻᱻĵӣЩǳסе⣬Ҳֲ̫ġ
֮һʱ䡣ЩϵˣͲòս˳棬СˡҪ취Щźˡ


497 
һ飬˼תܶͷԺһȨ׵ʧϵıҲ粻ġ
˻Ƿǳĺüġ˲ģҵоѾһɫҲͲٱ任ˡ
λֵܣӣһӪġߣԺóԵȥ
λֵܣӣһ˯߲ɡǵ˵㣬ȻҪϢһǺҪġȥңҵĴִŶ
λŮһķ糾֮ҪҪȥ˧ļҵԡִֿŶȻȪǳҪҪȥһԵġ
һķ糾֮ȫҵŮӶһķ糾֮
Ů˵ķ糾֮Ǹ糾֮Ӵȥҵ˵һ糾֮˵ҿ·ˣҪҪȥҼԡ·˼
å

˾֮еĹһ飬ʼȿֺˡҪԷһ߼һӡܶȡ˰æ˵ûġ
ȻҲųһЩڵĻᣬһЩġ˵ŮԡļһȻ˵һʲô˼ǲųҪչһκҵİġ
Աʵ̫ڵĵˡֱ˵Բ⣬ȫû˵ӦеĵȥŮˡ
Ůߵʱ򣬻ĸ˶ԷһƣһһĲ֪νġ˧硱ԭط㶡û̫ˣ˵Լ̫׼ˡ
飬۵ԼļҲˣȻ֮ͥ±һƵˡ
ʱһУһڶȻڴҵмһĵλġ
ҶʿǰһһֱԼʵڹһ˵УҲǰμĴڡ
֮ǰ˲ʵڣڴҲһģȻܷڣܴһҶʽ̸С
Ҷ֣նе飬ҲԲĽβˡҲǲʶ֪ҶֵܿϲһȥȼġȻˣҲǰһͬǰȥһд˵ġ˿˵ˣԵޱȵĴͺǸղʲôûзһҶǺͺģûбֳֺĲ
ȻֱҶһĶһ㶡Ȼ˲ͷӦ˹԰ڣ˭ڲ
ңҶʽһУֳҪݶԻһ£ûܹҶĸ˵ġ
ˣƽʱӦýύġοڣ˻ʵҶǲٺòѡô
ҶȻ˵ˣ顣ҶѾӮ˴ҵأЩ֮ǰҶΪ׵ġǽҶκεĽǶҲǻῴڽϣҶʼӵġ
Ҳ˵Ҷ˵ĻǷǳĹõġҶֻҪ˵һ仰ܶһȺ˵ķġ
ߣҶʲõֺͽĶġǹһģеĹ˼άԼ˽ȥȵ֪˵ʱѾǳ˵ġ
Ҷʽ̸ĹʹҲǾкܸߵģǲݸеĴˡҲûҪȥġ
áǱϾոǣһжϤкܶ಻ĵطҪúõ̵ֽֽġ˵ˣǣŪôĶǻᱻеĹϵӵġæ˵˵еڵҲǲġ֪ôƺҶҲڷŪôĶߵﶼᱻָָģᱻϳʲô鶼㡣
иˣҶҲͲˡϵʹƵҲ뵱Ĳġ
С䣬Ҷֵ֪ܲҲǲֵġҽУ˳Ҷֵܵ䣬ҿ׹ˡȻǰţǸ綼ġ˳̸ܽϣûһ˿Ĳ졣
û̫ʲôǡôı˳̫䵭ǧ֮ĸоҲ˵ĸо̫ڵ飬ΪǼ鼴Ӷġ
˳֣ƣضܴʡ˳ֽʵˡϣ˳ֶҪҵĴʴʣ˲źáȻԷǿҶҲ̫ڵ䵭ʲô˼ӸҪõġ
ڱ˵пҶ˳ǲʶ̸
ʵʵ¾ֻ֪˰ɡʲô⽣ӰݣǶΪġ


498 ˭ȿڣ
˳ҲҪҶǽύȫĻ졣ǣǲųҪմȾϹϵĿġ
˵ȫ֧ҶʣȻҶôֳôĶ񶼲òˣأΪɵͱò֮ˡ
ͱĿˡһֱǿߣǰùţĴ˵Ĺ˳Щҡˡ˼ҲŹĴҲôĹá
ҪĴȵ˾ͶȥˣԼһ˲࣬ԼһҲٵġ
һİٰĿǰ֪УֻҶһˡԣ㿴ҶʶôţȻʵôءȫ֧֣˭ҶҶʵġ
ҪԼպˣǲǳĵڶ׷ˡҲܹõĴֵ֧ġ
ң֪κһϵģһĸ塣壬Ϊ٣˵Ծ͸ӵԵûˡ
ϻǰһȥȥʲô͸ʲô˭ܹأ˭ܹ˵ѹסء
Ҫģ׷ߣǵԲзۡҲܹͬʱġϵҲǲһģǲụĳͻġ
飬ܴĸ濴ôһһֻҪǳɹˣǿ˵ֻ׬ġûгɹһٷǮҶǻһ¹ϵҲǲġ

ջ·һҾͽľƵꡣҶʲûпӹ˳Ĵ㣬ѡĿջ㲻ãҲ㲻Ļġ
ǰʱ䣬ˮǺݺݵĳ˹һٴֱ͡ڣҶʶǸо̫ڵˣĶЩθ˵ġ
˵ˣ˳һĵҪҶǴϹϵҶҲҪӹ˳˽һһЩ顣
ʶոտʼͰѱ˵ݺݵһ٣˭˵ء
˳Ҳó˳⣬ȻӦҪͣοи˵ŪһЩӦˡ
ƾ¶ǣҲպ˫ûȿڵĴ㣬ǳĬͬʱѡ˳Ĭ㵹ƾҾͺȣȻڲˡ
ҶûĴ㡣֪˵ʲôڲ˽Է£⣬һռ
ƶƿˣҲһˡźȾƳԲˣտҪЧʺܶˡ
ƵĿˣҲǷһӵصϡ
˵ʶɣⶼˡ˵˵ʱ˵仰֮⣬һֱû˵ġ
Ҫ˵ϤİɣⲻϤĻһԷȾƵô
Ҷֵܣ˵һ˲ţӢ䲻Ҷ֮ǰôܻĬĬŵء˵̫ªˣûҶʢ˳Σ⡣ֱ⣬ҲǲֱӰѻ⳶ȥ
Ҫٲ˵Ļ²ӣ˾ͳԹˣҲȹˣȻҾͶֵˡ´μʲôʱⶼ¡´μ֮ʲôĽڽӽأǸѵˡ
ҶҲǰһԼĿģ˼ƻ֮ѾǳסˡȻԼӵĳסġⶼҶʲ˴ͳԷǸˡ
˳ˣʵǵʲôһ˲Ӣ䲻Ĵǰ̫ˣˮǶôý˵ġֱǰ˵Ǻϲô˵ʲôʲôӣȻ˳ǰĸࡣײİˮһΣȻֱˮˡҶԴת÷ɿ죬ͱһڣ͸ԼŪһ
ԭˣֲòô˵Ҷֵܵ䡣ԭǱѩˣ»ǽǻᷢġ˳οҶʼ䣬ǻЩɻģûȫš
ˣӦ㲻̫˵ġֻ˵ֱӣһҪûзʲô򲻻ᱻϳˮǵġ
ϾҶܵıˡСʶҲԶʵҲˣﶼǻᱻصġ
ǣڽ֮ǰȴȫȻûҶʵİϢ˳ôܹš͹˳ˣڹҲСģΧУҲ֪˳ŵġ
˳ûж룬ͲҶǵĵϸٸʵ׵ġͬʱˮеˣôŶŲƽԼֲʲôû˻ԼʲôġԼҲͨʲô鶼֪
ȫҶʲϸ˵ķܰˡ
Ҷʵ˵ôǾͲˮͬʱеˡοǰһŵģɲٰ


499 ƣ
԰˳ֵıӣǲôŰôģҶƭ㲻ɡİɣһԭûȨûµˣʲôƭ㡣Ȼ⣬Ƕǰ֪֮ˮĿҶʿɲԷȤ
ʱҵıġҶʼǵĲȻ©ġõġҪԷϾģѵʱ˵ԼǴˣ
ûе£ô᲻ءҶֵȻûҪƭҵˣ˵ʲôҶš˵ˮ˽ӣҶ˳֣ʾԼûǸ˼鼱֮£ʲôԾͳˡ
ʲôûɡ˼˵ˮ˽ӣ㶼šûɡ⻰˵ģҿû˵Ҳû˼Ҷʲѿеľƶ³ˡ
˳ɵĿɰʲô˵ġΪˮĺǷǳĹٵģǷǳӵһ顣ҶʿɲôΪġ
ҶʾðˮŮӣѹӦøɵ£ǷǳĹٵģǳӵ顣
Ҷֵܿ˵ˣҿû˼ġո鼱֮£һʱǿǿڲԵġ͵û˵ɺãԷҶʵ£˳Ҫˡ
õģﲻõġֻܵ˽µһƨ˾ͰˡҪˮ֪ˣǿһô˳һССɫĸԼĨڵġʱ򣬿ǹԵĻӶˡ˵񻹻Զ֣֤¾Ͳָܵʹġ
Ȼ˵Էǹ˳ֱץһľƿӣƿھ͹๾ļھȥˡ
˳ˣôôıءȻһֱ˵С
ǲ֪Ҷֵܽʲô㣬ʲôĿأ˳ȻѾˣѾԷץס˿ͷϵİѱˡ˳ҲͲٹűƴˣٵתһ⡣
ǰǸʵ̫ˣ˳Сĸζͨͨͣûֹͣġ
ûһǿ࣬ǲҪ̸۸ղŵǸźãһ˶ǻܲ˵ġ
Ŷһʱ䣬ǻһֱڹеġԺĴôһûǰ˵ˣԺҶģо飬ҹ滮ãҰźáҶʰٵ˵öԷȫǸ㲻״ˡ
ǻһʱڹġʲôԼ˸źˣȫǹƨ
Ȳ˵ǸʡҶʾͻӶԷİôҲǲܵİɡ
Ҷô̫ǷǳЧġǰѹ˳ҭòУСƬ̵Ĺ򣬶Ҷʸ̼ˡأ˳ʲôмֵĶûʳ˳ûʹϵĴҲˡ
Է˵Ļܲ͸磬ҲȥĻᡣ˳ҲҪеطϸӲеİ
Ҷʵĺ˳ǷǳĽʺ޵ġҶʵ·źˣֻҪҪǰоͿˡڹ˳һ̹;һҶעܹڽһɳˡ
˳ˣԼ۸һ²֪Աʲôĺôֱ֪ȥˮǶ׵ˣԼҪǵһһƨһΪ׷ߡ
ôҶڵһеǹ˳ˡǾȫûҶʲôˣҲͲнҶʴͷĻˡ
Ҷֵܴµ˵˵ǰ㰲һЩʲôô˳Щͷˣ˵һ뻰
ô֪ǰûиң˵ûáҪʣҲǺĽҶʺٺһЦȻ׳һȦס
˳ӳ˹֪Լ˵ˡ飬ôܹء˵Ȼǲ㽫Ĵġ
Ͳ̫Ϥ˭֪ٵģҪоԵţһɵơ
ο漰Ҷĸ࣬ȻҶʾġ˵ҲһģҶ
֪Ҷʵ٣ⲻ֪ô
һֱǳأû֪ľȻǲϣ֪Լٵġ
ǰ˳ðеĵطϣǰҪҼƽϡ˳˲عͷ϶ðϸܵ亹
˵˳Ҳ˵ͷ΢΢ĵʹԭͲôգ˲ٴα䵽˱㡣
ǰ˳֣Ҳĵġ֮ǰˮ˽Ļ뻰˵ˡϣǰҪƽϡҶվԲ


500 ڣϢ
˳ҪҶǰæôǰɣǣæͰæʲô˵ʲôºˡ
ôֳһȥˡոպ˵˵ģòǻһ⡣ڵ飬֮ǰĻ˵Ƿţ༰ģôϵء
ǹ˳˵ʲôءѵ˵ʲôĵģҾҪʵġҾҪ֪ǽĴ㣬һҪʱʱĳ֣Ūżĳ
Щ˵ôˣ˳ȻҪðʡݴˣҲҪѪˮ̡
ⶼʲôԼ޺۵ͬʱϻҪװһµӳҪ΢Ц
ǾǣҶֵ˵ĶԡҸովǼҶֵܹõǰʶЩڲˡϣǰҪƽϹ˳Ĳ˳Цֺãš
Ȼô˵ˣҶҲˣôξԭˡ²ΪסˣҲϲ˴йҵ顣΢ѹԼɤͳһЩһЩ
ллǰллǰ˳һǰǰ鷳ӦȥˡҪľҪ׷˳ûа취ġ
˳֣ȻͳԷĶҡأҿ˼ⶼĪġɣҲʼ⡣ù˳ֶ֪˵ʲôˡҾʲôģ¸鲻ôҶʸʹһɫȻתͷ΢ЦſŹ˳
ҶֵܿˣҪ֪ʲôܵʡ˳һ֪޲޲ġ˳Ҷ΢΢ȭƿˡ
֪˳жôˡҶĵ׳һ⣬ϣƽޱȣոʶ˳ʵһġ
ճһٶˣһξ˰Ҷֵֺ֮䶼ˡⲢʲôܣ˳ҲӣҲûʲôܿԵġҲû͸Ҷʡ
˳ǫˡһ˳ֵΪͨжҲƥеġҪҵ£ǿҲǵ߶ȵġҶʿ˹˳еĽʱĹάһ¡
˳Ϊȷʵǲġò˵츳Ҳϡ֮ǰĶţô飬ҶҲûзּй˳ΪġУʶ֮ģҲܷʶɳԶԶĴڹ˳ġ
ˣҶʵĹάĻ˵ʮֵ˳ڣҲ㲻ǹƨ
Ҷֵܻ˵ǫˣҶֵָ㡣ټҶֵܵ츳ʣҪǵ䣬ʵ֪ҪҶ١û˲ϲĻ˳÷ǳʹ
ҶǽӴôˣҲҶ仰ù˳˳˵ġҲ˳ҲǳҶʵĹδ
˳ֶһٶͷľʶˣǽ˰ɡɩһƯޱȣȻϹ˳ֵӢˡڹ˳Ҷʾòÿɷ
ҶоԵţδܲһƬǬȻվľԶڹ˳ʲôģҶʲҲӦֻǹ˳Լδһֿ϶
ȷʵһӵģõһ㣬ʤͻݡôģҶֵҲȢ֮ġͷȥ㿴ļҵĹպǵʻ͡˳ǳǫ飬ϵЦݣôβ˵ġһкͻޱȡ
ҶʴԼļңٿҶʵӣ²䡣˳ΪԼʲôԵ÷ǳ硣
ƽսõѼңȷʵм޵ĹġȻޱȣǲö˵ؼԼĹϵãҪܰæҶߣԼҲմȾһЩôġ
Ŷлл˳ֵĺˣһûҪɼҵӺɷ򣬾ҪɳһЩҵĴ³ġȻһĺ¡֪綼Щʲô·Ҷǰ֪֮٣˳ֵָһġҶʵȻڸʲôȢӵ顣
ҪȢҲˮӵģһĳĹҶʻǿƲϵġ
ʲô£ǻô񶼳Цˡ֮ǰд·һڣ͸շ˹ʵ˼ģǹһڰһĶ½ˡսˣܡҲǺò״һƵĴġ˳룬Ȼ͸ҶʻǷ顣
ͻȻ뵽˸֮ǰ飬СĵĿܣȻСĸҶʡ


501 ᣡ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽˳Ȼ֪顣ûӴ뵽˳ȻܰԼ˿ߵʣҶ˲ˣ»Ϊİɡ
ڣˮǺܶ鶼ⲻʲôܡڣ˵ͻһˡ
ͨûȫĶҲûд֪˼Ļ
˹һڰһ˫дμ֮⣬ûϵġ֪ľֻһЩˣ̫ǿ϶סġ
ʱһڰһģһȥ˼磬Ǳȫ˵ġڰ֮Ҳǲġ
ϾǶǵӣҲǻһЩҪĿֻŵġҲСģǶδ֪ͬмɵġ
Ҷûף˳֪ġǿ͵͵ӣҲǵ;˵İɡ
Ҳ֪ԣûдĴȥġ
Ŷû뵽˳Ҳ֪˼硣û뵽Ȼ֪ǰ翪ս˲ص顣˵ãǳ鷳ġҶʰٵȰŹ˳
鶼֪˼磬Ҳʲô¡֪ˣҾͻǰ׼δѣ˼൱ϳԿˡ
˳һ㶣û뵽Ҷһ㶼Ծʮֵƽ֪ˡҿӣ֪ıԼӵ
һߵġ˳˲ˡ繻֪Ĳ࣬ǾԵһġ
ǵʱûڳ֮ǰȥˮǵġˮܲôֻû뵽Ȼ˵ĲӣҶҲ֪ľ
˳Щ㲻ˣҶʿ˵ǲ֪Ľڵô飬ҶʶѾ֪˵ġΪʲôҶʻҪأ
ѵǿԼϣѵָʹģҶʿԼȻҲԼࡣ
ˣһˡ˳˲ͳϣǳ˹ģԼһֱŷġ
һģҶ֪ʵĲҲ˲ʧˡ뱻࣬ҶһЩĲε̽ʲôء
˳֣Ȼ㶼ôҡҲһЩҪ顣ʵأǰڣǿû֪֪֪Ҷ룬ȻǸ˶ԷһЩ顣
˳ӣҲ֪ػġ漰ڣ飬һˣҲ¹˳˵ȥ
Ȼǲ֪ġҲȴûгɹǶһľ۵ĴģǹҲȾָõġȻ˵ҶԼԼһЩܡ˳ǿģεҶѯʵĶѾǳ˹˳Χֻʵش
ŶҲǡ˳ֲˣҲʡʹˮҲ˵ֻ֪ԿûҶˣĨǵ˰죬һ֪
ԭΪЩ벻ջġҶԳЦЦǵһ̸˾֪˵Ļֵ̫Ǯˣ˵Լ̫ˡ
ֻǹ˳˵˳ᵽϣҶͻȻЩĶˡ
һ֪һ飬֪ûá˳ͷЩ˼ˡò׵һᣬȻûץס
ʾ֭룬ù˳һմߵϢҶҪ֪ǸϢ˵Щԥ֪˵ǲ˵ġ
ŶʲôϢ㾡˵Ҷһ㶣֪Էʲôûб̫ϣû£ȤҲǲġ
죬һᡣʱһЩۣ˵ڣġȻûϸ˵ƶϳԾĶ˳룬Ȼ˵顣
ǴҶ֪飬ûй˳˽Ķ࣬Ҳûй˳Ķࡣ˳ǷƲ⣬ŵóһ𰸵ģΪҶĹϵֱӾͶ§˳ˡ
ŶϢǳҪ̫ˣʵ̫ˡ˳֣ܲϸĸ˵˵ᡣҶ˾񣬰ѵ˳ԱŲŲҪ˳ϸۡ
˳ҲˣôˣǼҶ˽ӽ˼ˡҲû˵ͰϢ
εĵ͵εأε©ٳ˵ˡȻ˳ҲԼƶϵݰʲôľͶ˳ˣ֤ʵԼĲ²ȷġǾ͵ȷˡ


502 
֡
Ľֵϡһ˼ͷУҲǿδŵġ
ķĵشŪ˸ռؼСǸӪҵ˵ĵ͵УⱾҪġ
رĶȡģÿһοĵƷأܹеǰμӵġ˵һ겻ţųһġ
ѵģǶͷǸͲýġֱӾƲ㣬ǸƷİļֵġ
ͬģôᣬܶıĵˡȴûгֹƷߵ顣ר˵Ļͻȥģõİȫ⡣
о˵֮˴Ĺģ˴ͷ˿µıȫⶼΪıŹ֮ҲжһĹӰӵġ
ֱӾ˵ˣǹĲҵҪǮƣЩĵرǷǳȤġЩܹǶΪ֮ġ
ǰҶʾʹӹ˳ϢˡȻҶʵĿľʹﵽˣᵽҶսҶʵԤ֮⣬˳һ㶼֪˵ġ
ȻҶǾͳ˷ˣڹ˳ʢ£ҲǶȻľܾˡ֮˵֣ڷſڣ˳ֵˡ
ҶǾ÷ǳˬģˬһֱڴϢüĿˣͳһٷҶǾ÷ǳĿģ˳ôͲ֪ˡ
ǷǳĲĵģҶʵܹγĶԱȵġ˷۱˿ͳ˷ش⣬ʲôôûšù˳ǳƣҶʰǡ
ù˳ǰĵǣҶʴӦˣڸǰ˳Լ䣬˳˵˵ûһ¸ԵĹϵ
Ȼµʱ䣬ҶǾڳԱһԺӣȻס˽ȥĵȴĿʼ
ǮˮģҶ뿪ˮǵʱ򡣱ϾҪߣûǮҲǲġˮǮûʲôһǸ˺ܶ˵ġ
Ҷʱ룬ǲˮҪԼǲ˼ڣôһеİ취ԼǮãԼܶǮԼ˴ִŵϰߣȻ벻ˡһģú޵Ůġ
ÿҶǮʱ򣬾ﾯԼҪԼıģΪһǮͱˣͱȾˡ룬ҶʻõķǳĿļ˵ġ

µʱҴҶҶȴǶꡣµʱ䣬ǹʮһ㡣ÿһ죬Ҷ˵ǶǼ尾
Щ죬Ҷʸ֪˳вʱдﵽϢʮֵĿֲһ㡣
ҶǾסӣҲǱ̽ٴεġÿһζҶ˵Ƕĥľ
֪ˮӺãܸˮͬ׵ʶ̽顣ÿһҶʣǸоӿӿ˵ġ
ϾڵϢôĺ̽ģ£̫ڵĵȻջʶ
Щ죬ٽҶҲ˲ٴεġľˡ
ӭһرĿˡһģҶʻڴ˯
һʶͳ˽˼ƴҶʵϴȥ
еҶʣǱʹѵġʱ廹ڲͣĳ鴤ţЩƲס˵
˭ôûү˯ôүŭˡѪѪӡƤ档ͷҲ˰ŭˣЩȻ̽飬Ǵûôˡ
ʱʵ̫ˣʰһףװһļӣҲܹ߶ġ˺ջҲ˼Ŀʼ˿ͷϵĿš
ˣˡҶʵԴһ£ʾסڡ
ͷϣô׾סˡ֪Լðǲô׵Ҷôġ
Сӣ㷴˰㡣Ϊҵĸ࣬͸ҷëң֮ǰ˵һĴʷǳ׵ĺǳҶʣʾҶʱ֣¶
ܵƤ֮࣬ĸұ졣ҶҲʵĶߵͳ˵
Ӵҽ첻úõʰʰǸҪߣӣǷԼͲô·ֻա
Ӵ˼Һ°ô绨ģôµءҪúõʰ˭ءһŮڷͬʱһˮɫĹΡ


503 Сûĵģ
˭ˮô绨ģ˭۸㡣˵ҲѾģǲСӡʵԵЩͻȻĽӲЩȻˡ
Ҷһ˻ʱ䳤ˣҲǶˡʱӦӳٶȣǷǳĿٵġľͽˮĻһҪ򱧲ƽӣľһ޹ǹҶӡ
Ҹոôһˣ˵ĺ˵˼ҵĶˡ˼ҺµģдİҪҰָ㵱ҵѵòáˮսʵԴԱߣ޵촽ҪʵĶˡ
˵磬ʵĹͷҪˡ˲;˹³䣬ڿƸʣҪǿҪͦסͦ˾ͻͦסͻİ
οˮȻûֱ˵ָѾָ˵ġϸа׵ָһ䣬ֱ㶵ľָʵıӡ
Ŷ˵ôŶˣҺ˵Դת÷ɿ죬˵һЩ߰Ķʱ䡣ȻƴĸҶʹɫҶѰҶʳԲ
ҶͰͷתһˣǲ֪߷һʱʱĶĶ䣬¶Ҷȼŵİ֮ġ
ϵùˣ˭øոҶԼʱԼǳĲӵأںˡֱӰƢͲõҶʸŭˣҶʱæǲǹˡ
˵Ŀɲ㡣˵ǶŵǸøϴγţҶʶײôȻøûû˵ˣӲҶʲߵġ˵˵ĺðʱ䣬Ű˶ԷľҪǿԷǸŮģˡû꣬ʱʱĶһЩòҶʲôԺӣǡոջΪøˣڸ롣ˮ񣬲ɣôĵ飬һӦøɲİɡøΪҶҲ൱ܺϵĹҲսġ
һģ˵оݵġڿͷˮ񣬵ˮǲóϵġҶʶޱȵ
ղĿ࿴һҪ˹Ŀ࿴İ
㡭㡭㣡Ȼˣôĵ飬ôĳˮȻϲŪˣôûƷ飬һġˮɫǵͨ죬ָʣϰĶ˵ġ
ʶѾѻ˵ôˣ黹ܳôҪǳˣ൱ԼˣֵøһӵĻɫô鲻ϣǲϵġ
ˮû뵽ʾȻô˵ġôϴμʱ򣬱ʶݣ˸Ӷ򲻳һƨôĴ
ʵҲǱƵġҪǲڿͷ˵ԷƱҪϵĥġ
ˣˡôˣҶǾǲˡ
ôˣôˡСûĵģù֮󣬾Ҫôǲܵ顣İɡһӶ޷ѵ˵ġ˼ңֱƭǮƣбƭɫˮһۣҪʱܵһ²ӡȻˮͻһ飬ĿҶʡ
ʱˮˮĴ۾Щʪ󣬿ľҪһͣĳţһСŮӵ̬Ҫǲʶģ˵ΪǱҶƭǮȻʼ˵ĶŮӡ
Ҷˣʲô߰ġǽһι뷿˵Ǯơôˮ˵ǳ˱ٲƽɫˡ
Һ÷мˮһҲֻģȻĻôϢֱܻһġǲ֪˵Ļˮ˵᲻ô⡣
˺ˣ˵˻ҶʲˣޱĻӦš
ˮԵǱһ㶣Ҷʸҭһ¡û뵽ҶξȻôΪҶʶ೶ϼеûġ
СûĵġιǵᣬѾ֪ͨͷˡˮ񣬵ȻҲڱ֪ͨ˵ķΧ֮ˡܳʲôֵġ˵ˣⲻǿ߶ôҪûҵңǱϳˣȻ˿˳ˣҵˮô졣ˮٴҶһ䣬ȻԼ˴ǰĿ˵ˡ
Ҳ˵֪˹ˡҲ֪ҪĶڣйصġôһ͸ءˮȻĻشҶʵüͻͻͣҪ˵ơ
Լæ˴죬òײ˴顣ԭˮһ֪˵ġ


504 شԣ
ҶʼֱͿҪˣˮЦҲ̫˰ɡ֪ԼʸôȻԼΣյĵطܡ
Ҫݰ¶ˣ˸ô졣Ѳɻ·ҲҪܵĵİ
˵Ǻ飬˵нġȫǰѺ氡ӵĺô
֪˵İ飬ô֪ܲء˵ûи㣬ˡҸ˰ǣ˵ҪĴ𰸣ѵ˵ôˮЦģǳĸˣоֻڰһˡһĽթЦݣΪԱòĹϵȻһ㶼ᡣ
Ҷ˰׶ҶСֹ˼䣬Լ볡һ㶼ᶨôӦΪԷƯôӦΪԷŮ˾ͲأҪǻһеģҶôĶҪԷġ
ˮû˵ԼҪĶľڹǡԷֻûиԼˡҶʻǾúˮΪһߵȻһ㶼ʵ
ҪǶԷϷɤĸĻҶʾƾԼĶܹŹԷġ
ֱӸңڲûһᣬڣϢʱҲǻȥġⲻͺôõô鷳㲻֪ڹã˹񣬵ʱȶӶڴġҶʻǾݺݵıԹš
أңˮпĨĹƣֱðֳΪָᡣ
㣬˵˻Ҷһͷ亹ʵЩܲò绨ˮȡ
ҸҪֱӸ㡣ֻ֪ϢҾ͸˵ϢڹǡûʣҵȻͲ˵ˡˮһȻΪԼ޹ģԼһûУҶԼĴ
ҶʶҪˣˮ㣬˺ô㻹ָָҸûˮȵˣҪұˣһԸĿȥɡ
ʲôûʣͲ˵ˡһôʣҪ֪ᣬõŶѿô
ʲôǺôĶҪϢİɣôĺô
ãǾҵĴҲ֪ᣬû㡣ôҪߵʱֱӾͷ뿪ءǶôΣյİͲ֪ǣῪʼֱӴǹô˵˵ҲνôҶʳһòײŰԼеŭѹסˡ
ˮ񣬸Щˡ˵ԼŮƣںһ㶼ûԼɿԡ
ҲΣհʲôΣյġŶˣΣաֻ˵˵ǺΣգǾͲȥôΣյĵطͶˣûʲôطǰȫġΪⰡʲôģʱصĶǿܻᷢġ㿴ڲǻĺúõôˮźı£ҶʱƷĲˡ
ҶʵɫǸӵˣЩ֮ɫоһѪҪˡ
ǲԡ룬Ǻεȵݡͬˮһͬеô˵ˣҵߣǲ˸ҴǵעġأݴҾ͸˰ɡǰعع⣬ôһﶼӦñ̽˰ɣⲻҲûʲôôˮ񿴵Ҷʵɫ̫ÿٵ˵ĻǰҶʵ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ˮһ𰸡ˮƽʱ˵ĸоһƽռ䣬ˮҶʵĸоǣشԵġӦǲ˼ʲôģȻôмһ仰ҶЩĿ࿴˵ġ
ȷʵˮ˵Ҳ޵ġˮУ˵ĸоǴֹ۲ôԵġлϵĴ
ˮʶܹ֪ĸһЩģˮȫƾϲµġҲ˵ôô
ոڻŪ˲õġΪ˴˵׼ˮܸɳһЩʲôﷸġ
Ҫһֱ뿪ˮǡôݣֵ˵ġǲֱ˵Ǽٵģǣ뻹Ĳ²ġ
ҶеĳϢĶȻ࣬Ҷɾ˵ĸо
ˣ˵еҾͲ׷ˡʱǸʲôҪ֪кܶ˶ڰġҶ룬üҲû˼ˮ񲻶ԣԼôģѵһٰ
ҶʵǺˮ񰴵һȻݺݵĳƨɡҶҪ


505 Ҳμᣡ
粻˵ͬʱõô˵ߵıȽϽô˹ǣһʱǣȥ˭Сûĵģμġ˲ˡˮ˵˵ţҪҶʵĸ첲
ҶʿˮڵϷԼ΢΢Ͷ㿪ˡҶʾãûʵƷħŮ֮ǰԶȽϺá
Ӵ绨ĴŮμǸᣬ㻹˰ǰ;ˮûκεԪԱҶʶ㿪ǺȻġͷȻϷţûǰҶֱ۵˼ˡ
ҶͻȻЩźʧ˰ʧˣ˷˰˷ˡˮǰôΰҪˮŵʱԼһСĵľͲôһ¡ˮӦǲᷢŭİɣϾˮԼ

ǿʼˣˮİʼġҲ˵ˮǲŵġ
ΪˮԺУ̽ľˣӦ˵û˸̽ˡҪŭˮŮɱ˼ġ
̽ûˣԶԶкǲٵģĵĻǼġҶͬһײ㣬ϵֽ˲̫õġ
Ҳ˵ӼǰʼҶǾûаġڣˮ˵ʲôǿ˵ġҶʾãӣ㻹Щôġ
Ὺʼһʱʱ䣬Ҷǳˡһ͵ſڡ
Ȼ˵Щ죬Ҷǲֹһֻȵˡǻķֱݳ޵ġ
ܿᣬһů̶ɵġȣڲ¶ȿ˵ǡô֪Ǵҵôһʯ
Ȼ˵ķǺ˵ġǣڲҡһƷƻһǾǲ˵ġ
ʯԪõ뵼壬ĴԪܱڲԪĻԡ
ӦΪ̫ڵĴʺΪȻĲϵġ
ʯ̻ơзһЩ׵ģиʲôġУֻоʣоˡ
ʲôûпǶԱסôˣһι۲졣˵ҲǲŵġҶʿҲ֪ЩʲôˮҶʵԴģҶʣҶʻ˹
𾴵ˮһҪλôˮǰˣſһŻ֪ǹܼһʲôϵĹϵʹ˹˵
ʲôһǺϤһβҪλˣҪȥᡣˮ񲢲ˣûӦΪάͶԱкɫġ
ˮ˵ЦˡҵȻûӡġСĶˮǼǵʮֵԼŮӣǲܵ˵ġʹ⣬ĳĲ⡣
ΪĹµģӴĶǴͷˮĶǿ˵ģһЩƢģ˵ֱӶִ˵ġ
ά鹧άԼıְҪġˮ̸ͬʱݸˮһƣһصͼ
ˮӹƣ̧ȾŴȥգۼ˽ȥһ俴ˡ
λǰǰǿʢġҪ˵ʱ˭Ϣ𱬣ǵȻǰˡ֪ǰҲҪһỹʲôˮȥˣʹ˲Զģ֮ǰˮһҶʡ΢ȻȷʵġݡϾĳ࣬磬ǿֻôһλġ
Ӵǆ£´Ϲˡ⻹ôһģѡҪһᣬҲҪһμεġ㻹ʲôʣϿӭӽһԴĴű˳ʹš
ȻǸոսȥ˵ˮҶʲ֪ŪһЩֵˮ۷˻պþͿһĻ
Ҷˣǰ롣ʹЦҲֻˮŸôֱϹˡٵĶԹЩηеġ
ſڵĻҲһģϰˮľ˵ĳƺʵϣ⻹ĲǵһΡ
һΣˮǵŹϹģŪĹޱȣֲüƽʲô
ʹ࿪ӣ·˳ʻλƵƯǰ棬ķ˽ȥҶҲϽĸϣҲǰŵĲ࣬ǶŪЩʲô
ŵߣû߶Զһ޴ħȥ·


506 ﻻ
һƬģʲô
ֻˮͳ˸ոյǿӣץţֱӾħ֮С
ϵͼתһƹߣеϵħġħ󱻼˺գһõĴš
߽ȥҽȥ֮ϢʱǻûнĻѷͻպ˵ġȽȥɡˮÿվһߣҶ˵
ҶʾЩ棬Ȼ̧˽ȥԴ΢΢ѣΣͱ任ˡҶʳһʵķУв輸ɳǰһĲܹǰ̨
輸ϻһЩʵʱʹѾϴ˵ģˮմȾ档
ܵ˵İᣬǱȽϲģǱȽԻȽʵģʲôϵѹҶץһˮͺݺݵҧһڣһƨɾɳϡ
ʱǰҶʽĵط˸¡ʣȻˮ񣬶ˡ
ȫıպˣӦʲôˡˮ˵ģͨеѷҲѾˡ
УΪ֡һļαĵطҲڵһߡһеĹԱĵطһߡ
ſתǼαλáſתǹԱȥĵط
ߵӶһαȥ˹ԱġҪǿԲ𣬹һʱͻ֡ҪţڹĹӳ죬ȥܲܲøͰѶõ֡
ҪȥҲܼ򵥡ǽһħмһݵĵطպܹһ鷿ƵġֻҪŽȥոǵѷ죬ܴӷд򿪡
ҶʶڴеĲðʲôġˮ񵭵ĿڣλµĽһĲ
˵ôҶʿʵҪ顣Ҫһˣû̵ס˵һЩ˵Ļ
ָպǱһЩ˸ˣô鷳ȥˡ
İɣġУҲκε֪μģ˵ܹ߽ģһˡЩǲ뱻ĿӵġˮҶʵ˼ûȣҲûпЦֱӿ˵˳
ͺãͺáҾһǿʲôĶһáҲ֪ҵǱȽϺõģʲôܹܵסǾͻȻʹˡ¶ǵݿɾǲ˵ġҶʺǺһЦȻԼ֮ǰĽţ֮ǰĵһǳĽڣҶΪġ
Ҷ˵ˮû˵ʲôЦĿҶʣҶЩܲˡҲû˵ʲôһԿ񷭰۵ġ
ʲô߰飬ôԼƵءԼôĲôû˵Ϊһ˵ʲô˲ͻᱻҶҳɺ֤ݳġ
ôءʲô׵ͨûҵء˵ҵͨǮҡҶ뵽һؼ⣬յĿռ䡣
κͰȫ⵹ǲõģǾΪڵķˣҪǿʲôĶôľͳΪһˡ
輸ǰ濴ûУһ΢͵Ŀռ䷨󡣺治һťô㰴ס˵ȫüġˮЩ⣬Ҷʵ⻹Ƕܹ࣬չʾԼѧʶʱˡ
ȿȣڽ׵ͨñôȻͨǮҡĶǿģҲ˵޼۵ġ޼۵ĶôǮȥǱ˴ӦǮҽףȥŪôǮҡﻻģûõĶȥõĶˮ֮ǰȷʵһǮҽ׵ģһ£ŰǮȫ
ºˮģµĹһ¡ǮҵܹѹǶˣ˵ġ
ﻻôҶһ㶣û˵ôġ
Ǹո˵Ĳ輸ǰķ󡣰ΪмֵĶȥԶ̨ġʦǹۣȻͬⲻͬ⡣ͬ˾ʹɽףͬôҲö˵ˡˮٴε˵輸ʾҶʿ΢ͷ
Ҷһ£û뵽ôġﻻİɡ
ܴɽ׵Ļ̫ˡϾﻻİ취Ҫ˫ͬС
أܶһͬ⣬һġԳҪ˫ȡ裬ҪĪˡ
Ҳ˵ܾòſһΡǲÿһζܹɽ׵ġ½ס
Ҫǹĵ̣¹ûа취еתķõġ


507 ıȽȳƣ
ҶЩˣҪǶԷİ취ڣеĶģԼ¶òʲôмֵĶġ
ǰҶһֱԼǺܸеġڣҶҲǾԼܸСӲƲϵģ˾ϵģȱȴ׵ʾˡ
һ̣ҶЩΡǰǲϵĶ˼УԼõóֵĶܶࡣǮңҩ١
ҶʷԼһеġҪǮûСҪҩҲûеġеҩԪԲҵҩԪǷǿϵġ
ϴϴٻıصʱ򣬵ϴٵ˲ٵġҶʺ֣ȫûʲôáһڲ̺ĻԪؾͱ˷˲ٵġ
УҶҲǲҽİҶʸҴģġμᣬʲôҲһݵǰøոճһ࣬ûпڲġ
Ҷʺ˼ʱǿʼˡ
ͻȻͻȻͱľĵˡ
һǿ̨ϡһߴԲ̨Ĵ̨
ͬʱֵģһɫһԽ׳ʹü
ʹӾ£ˮеһȣΪˮ񣬺ʹԵҪһЩ۽Ǻɡ
ոճ̨ϣһ˫鶯ģ˵۾ͻתÿһ˶оԼŮӶӣûرչһҲûпĺһġ
Ҷû뵽һʦȻһŮӣǸôŮӣܹסеľߡ
Ҷʸû뵽ǣŮʦ˵ǸǷεģǰ͹̣֫˾̾ϸŮӣ֪ǶĶ
ˮŭˣüݺݵĶҶʡϢʮֵľңҶʶЩܡ
ŮӸոյǳҶʿһۣȻûȥעˡ⻹ˮҶʵĺøǼ˲ٵġŮһĻסĵ˵ԭ
еģŮģֻҪŮӣͻŮøеġ
Ҫ˵Ҷʲ˸ոףûп켶ʣ͵νŮȤʶһֱſôˣŹӡ
ҶʾȻûݽȥˮҲǹճһĨ˵΢Ц
ˮ֪ǣҶʵĻ壬ľͶʲôư߰Ķпãߵġ
Ҫǹ˼ˮԱߣһֱһŮԿ̫ˣԵ̫ûƷζˣҶʶһֱſĴ˵ġ
ˮŭΪҶʿ̨ϣתͷˮǲǵķǵͷҡҡͷ
Ҷʣˮ񿴵ؿڿʱصˮ̨ϵŮӵϿΡ
ˮ￴Ҷһڱȶԣ˭زȽϴġ
ҶͻȻһˮʹ˲ͱˡ
Ҷصıȶ˰죬ˮҲͦأҶʿ˸ϸҶˮزҡҡͷ̾һ
ҶʣСûĵģɱ㡣ˮ񱬷ˣеˮԪزң̧־ҪҶʸˡ
ϢŭϢŭˣġҶʶͷϵˮɴĵ䡣Ҳǵǳ亹ˮתԪΧʪ˵Զš
ҶΪ߶СˮԵǱŭ˵ģոֶֻҶʵϡҪǲ£ǲйˡ亹Ҳôģôˮʧ죬ΪʬġΧ̫ʪ˵Եʡ
Ҫǲһֵģܹ˵ҵɣһġˮҧгݵģһĥÿġ
ˮҾԲָĺԵĸɲֳŹġҸղ̾Ϊ̨ϵŮ̾ĴҪĴôһЩǿÿˮĺãպúʡҲ̾ΰҾȻǲܹġźźҶһ߲亹һСĹάš
Ҷʵû˵̨ϵŮӿҪӵΰһЩˮģȷʵǡôĸоСģǿҲЩͻأĸо
԰Ҿ̨ϵŮͦÿİֳôĶȻҲǱ˹ˡҶʵɵ㶵Ŀˡ
ҶʵָüͷҪһˡ
ʾͲܴһôԴжװǽôܲáĻ˵ôⲻô
ʹʹʹʴУˮץС
ˮ˫иһˮȫ෴ķתģȻʼм䡣


508 Ůӹ̣
һĥ֮ʶҪˡҺǹǿ͵ģûбˮ
Ůӣǹѡġ֪Ϊʲô˰ɡУǮƵĴ඼ӣŮӶл룬ôĶӵġټվĹ񣬿˵ûҲġˮ˶ʵĥ־Ͱʸɳϡ
Ҷʰһμ棬ʾȻԻˣǸ˵һЩĻģҵгɵĳɹʿˡ±ǸӵĲġ
ʵˮһû˵Ǿǣеİᣬԭ㹻ģÿһ߶һġǾΪŮӣΪܹŮӵŮӵ鶯ϲᣬԸȥǰŵλá
ֳ־Լ飬ˮȻǲ˵ġȻ֪ľͷ˵һЩʲôѿ
ˮǼõģһͬһҵġһؼľ飬ġûܣҶʾͲö֪ˡ
û˵ĸƯģ޷ͲͬԵġԣͲ֪Ե˵һЩֵĻҲǺġ
У˻ڴ֡ǣճĽУûͣ١ÿһУҪߵ̡
ҽй̣شҶʶˡǰҾٴһҽܣȻ֮ǰʶ˼ң˼ҺġĻ𱬣й̵ʹȻ΢΢ĳ鶯ڿһ㡣
̲ޣٿ޾ͲƯˣ
ǣĴˣǰҲǻĵġ
ڿ̨²ٵ˾ˡ۵òˣֱǱȶԼýȢһҪġ
Ҷʲ޶Ĳ²⣬ôģѵĹģûһǿŮǰŲΡΡĶϲġ
ŮǺôģͰֳˡȺ˶Թôģܹ˵ʲôǿ϶ǻӵġ
һԱѾһһϷйµľˡ
ŮٴʩչһŮרڣܺܺõչֳŮӵŹ̵Ťٴΰǻ𱬵ĸչֵ쾡µˡ
ʩ֮󣬻վֱڵһУ˵ƿ֮ˣǹ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ÿһῪʼҪһ¹Щǿ߶޾ˣ϶ǲμ˲ٴεˡ
һȥģزҪ˵˳ű϶ûˡӦߵḶ́ÿһζҪ˵ȻҪǷʲô飬ô졣
ʾԼˣй̵ŮӣԼ˴ҵͬģȻ˳ڵȨ
̵ŮӣֽһһЩˣһЩҲ֮ǰҶѾˮ֪˵Щ顣
ȻѾеȨҲǸɰͰ͵һЩʱʱ߻һ£һȣûκһˣҲóеձȽϻԾ˵ġ
Ҷ̲סģٴаˮȽһ¡ҶʷǳźĵóһۡΪĸ棬й̵Ķʤˮ
ʱҶʲ뵽֮ǰˮŮӵ˵ѵûй˼ˮʵ̫ǿҪǵòһͻɱڡ
ȳˮһƺòǹһһİɡϾ˵ģҪһӵġ
ˮȻΪԵ̫ڵĸ߲ˡͨǸоеġˮϤҲǾջİɡ
ˮһȻƣˮϾΪǲ˵ġˮһ𣬾ҪСˣҪñϷŪ׼ġ
أһͲͬˡʵˮ񣬵Ϊ˴ģȽϰ硣һ𣬾ͲԼԵѿ
ŮӷǳĻ۹ɫһʱ򣬻ԸΪģԲñΪѡҲǿп޵ģΪĵʱܹܺõİԼչֳøС
ЩҶʲ²ġʹӹʱ𣬿̨ܴ࣬ݵԸȺǲûиڰѿһеĸоԶĳΪˣΪ˿һ
Ȼˣȴû˸̫ڵĹ֣Ϊѵ
Ҷǵһθһոռ˸ߵۣңҶԷһŮӡ
һŮӰæҵǻĲٵġϣʲôùʣȻԷͰһжɵġ


509 ߣ
һ򵥣ȴǶôĿ֮ǿʼˡ
ˣллҶԹһĹذллҵĵ̵ֹ֧Ҫлҽ˰ĿˮͷϷῪʼˡľһΪŻǰ¶˴Ƭѩס
ƬѩױѪţۡòپ߶ǲĻֱǺһ㡣
꾫ˮֹһ䣬̨ɦŪ˵Ĺ̺ǲ
ҶʶԴ˲κεŮ˺οΪŮˡĻֻ˵˵ѡԽƯŮˣͬŮԽų⣬ǲ
ûֵŮӣŮһֵĻƱһƯ绨һƯǡ绨ô
ǵĵһƷǲɶõŶǸ仰ˡܷڳģǷǰãһλ˵ʧĴʧȥһǿ϶ǻٸһġһƷ˵ΪġشҶ֪˵˭˰ɡڹʱż࣬İ¹ϵŮʹһƳƳú첼ţʲô
Ȼ֪ˡ㶼˵ôˡ˻Ǵϴ֣˭ôʧءˮһԱߵһť˳ȥǹҪڳ˶Լ
ɰȻôʵǰˡˮ鲻˼á
ҶһĺߡȻԹĪĵ⣬һת۵Ĺ򣬾ͰˡתҲ̫˰ɡ
ҶҲ֪ҪǣˮǿģֻҪˣ˫ǲ侲ġܵ˵񣬻ǰǲ֪ûн˵˿ڣٴθˮжôʹˡ
ôңһ¹һ¡Ҿʱ˶ѣ˭ĳ޸ءˣһ̵ġˮƺǿҶʵı飬Ľһ䣬ɫЦ˲٣˲١
ˮ񣬱Ϊ㡣زôȷİɡһ֣ҵĻǾ顣Ȼٴγ֣ȥѾǺȷ˵İɣ֪˸ʲôðȻô͵˽ˡǸƢֱڿģҲϲԽ
Ժ뵽ʲôȻֱ˵ˡȫͲ˼ϣȫͲں᲻˰ʲôġ
ӴӴҵðҶˣҲָոսҪɿСӡʣ˭һðءǰ˼ĶӿɲʲôܹˡҪ˵磬˼磬ȥһƵҿˮҲʡ͵ĵƣͻˡ
˵ʣҶʻûпһģһ顣
ߣҵ棬˵Ļ̫Ŀ˰ɡˮҶʵʾ£ɤӣصһ
ֻǾ£˵ҵĿˡȻģ㼱ʲô
ҲǸƢô
Ҫ˵ϴˣʲôأķֱۣЦʲôղֵҵǵġҲܷͷ
˫׵ãþˡ˵ĻǾǳԼˡˮߵıȽϽǲҲˮôܶǶ档
ҲǲܹáҪõĻǾԼйľݱ¶֮󣬻ʲôĴ붼ġ
ˣλϢŭһͳϵһޱȵͷα˺ƤôҿЦʱ𣬿ڴԲ
ƹޱȵˬġǰóҶʵһڿҲԱ񣬹˲ƽԼȣͲʲô˵ġ
ңҲȻһǹǸӵĿˡ
ߡ
ߡ
ʶǽŹ̨̨ˣȻǲ֪ôճ´ԼˮĶ֡ʸ´ԼҪҪ֣־ͱ¶ˡˮţҲ˵ȥ
ԸУõİ취ˡ
ϣλҪΪѹ̡ǵɲǹһССʿֵܹġҺͺľģɺã̵Ҳʱ˻⡣
ʱ򣬲˭ӻԵǲõġɹӣʵٺòˡ


510 ֮Դ
һʼ鷢Ӧ˵ջ᲻ôõģҪǾ鲻ʦ˵
Ǳ㣬ҵȤҲôߣᣬǻôܹȥ
ǲò˵һˡҵȤߣвô˵ЩĶµûŵġ
̰ѱӦÿʼ˵ᣬ΢ѺһЩֳһ֧кġḶ́Ӯ˲ٵеջһЩ
ղŵ飬ҺǱǸҹҪģԭ¡ǻϵһıǲɶáҪǹǹԵģ˵˴ⶫǱ˵Ĵ㡣һĴݣĽҿƳϵĺ첼
һƺâ𣬰ӳһƬͨ졣ŨĻԪأ˲ͳеÿһ䡣ԪճǳΪҺһĶ
˶Ŀû뵽һģһǲǻϵ飬ȫĿ˸Ҳ֪Щʲô
Ϣһе˲վڵϢûпƺãеһж˷ɻҡǻûвֻȭͷСģͨһŵĻһĶ
ˮҲܲȶҶʸоһŭĺһ㣬ǿֲڷڡ
֮Դγֵ֮ĶѾǷϢôˣ֮ԴѾǽˡ˵ͻΪսһǸɶõı֪ⲻ⣬ûȤ̻˵ţΪý׵ļȾһΣǸӵ
ǣûȥעˡȫŹ࣬ƳССһŵĶǿһһ㡣
ȣոոܵϢټʶ˾Ѿǲµ˵ġǹ˵ֲһˡҵĲ²ǼٵģϾûнĽӴ
ǹ˵ͲһˣһǱеרŵļʦˣǿ϶ǻ֮Դˡ
ҶڰУǸоеЩһźĶ˲õ
ҿҪѴһŶֻֻܿ룬ҪŶҪҲǿԵģǾ͵óĶʱĿڣѣȴ˲˵Ҫðյ˼
Ͼⶫ̫ˡû˲Ķģ
֮Դʲôô˲һҲûоʲôĵطǻԪŨһЩԾһЩôҶ룬ǿߵˮ
˵ոտٳʱ˼ûʲôֱģֻԪŨ̶˼ļǺ֪ôģմȾ⼯бԴĶˮ֮Դ֮Դ֮ԴȵȡҪԵ硣Ҳ˵ֶıԴõ˾ܹҪǲ͸ˣӶġôܳΪеġˮ񵭵Ŀ˵Щ
Ҷ˲ʲôˣҶʻûĶΪҶȫҪҪҶеĻô˵ĵģȥðһҲ˵ġ
õ˻֮Դ൱ǵõıԴֻҪĲ˵ܹԴĶġ
ҪһıԴôУ˭ܹ赲ءǾ˵һģ֮
ǻ֮ԴֻлðɡʱܹȲ͸ıԴȻĳɡҶ룬ЩԾȻǿڷˡϾ߶͵
ȷʵǻáѾǳΪһϵˡⲻһƺһϵǿġǵõһϵԪصϿɣܹһνġҪıԪԣѾǲܵˡ֮µ飬ֻҪԼĺһ㣬һĴۣǿиıԼԡ֮Դİʲôܵءˮ񵭵ĿҶһۣ˵ź
ıԴˣȴֲԼһϵģʧİɡ
ȻԼҪʵģˮûֱӸҶҲµˡȻԼģȻԼûа취õģôǿռΪСԼûа취ܣû֡ôûҲûа취õ
ֻҪò֮Դô൱ǻ֮Դûгֹһ
ȫ˲ǣܷϵǣǵҪǳΪûа취ıԣЩվ綥ֵøӵķİɡ


511 񽣣
֮Դ󣬴Ҷ֪ġԣҲͲʲôﻻˡֱӰ˭ܹġ΢΢һЦûһʼۣһ۵ˡ
һں֮У۾ֻһ˿϶ûܹһò
ˮҲûа취һĶɳҲǡôĶóסҪûһıģصֶΣǻܹȥô
ɲͬһĶ޼֮ǳһĿڱĽףҲȫĵİɡ
֪ΪΣҶȴЩϤϸĿһ£ǵòԼжôĽġ
ңԼǸո磬ʲôʶˡϤп˵ĪҶʶЩͷԡ
λҲ֪ҪʲôǾͿǶܳʲôĶҴѡȡܴҵİɡɳƣǽĦһ㣬С
ӦòԭǾԼ⴦󷢳İɡ
˵Ҫ󣬴Ҷһ㶡ûġ죬˾ȻһߣʵôЩܲ˵ġ
Ҳ˵֮ԴЩֻ˵û˼ŪĵͷһΡ
֮ԴҶ֪޼֮ǳˣȻ޼۵ģǾû֪֮Դֵ١ҪôĶһǺõģǺʵġ
ҪǺ˵ˣֱӱ˸ˣǲǿ˵ôҪ˵ˣܾûа취һˡ
Ҳ˵ҪڽͰѶߵġҪ󻯡Ծ͸һ
ôһľۡôۺĶһҶˣˣ϶ܹŪһµļ۸ġҲʷϵ۷۸ˣûʲôܹԽˡ
Ҳ֡˼ȻĶΪβԼˡҪóǶ˵Ʋ¶׵ô
ݣûжֵܹİɡǳٶĿͷҲдѵҪȡġ
ⲻǴܹ֪ˡ˲˵˭ܹ׺˵뷨ء
֮ԴͰǲϢǼٲ˵ġģ˭ء£취ѻ֮ԴŪ˲
ʲôԪԵģĬ˺ܾã˶˼ڿǣڹԼܳʲô롣˿ˡ
޿ɷ棬ʲôֱ˵ˡѾɳƣûʲô鲨Ҳʲôϵı仯
Ҷðˡģвһϴ񽣡˵һѲɶõıҲвСͷġ֪ܲܿϡȻһӣǿڵ˲٣ȡһɫĳϻӣڲϴı˰ɡ
ܰԼ˵ʵʲô¶ǿ϶ǲԼеε͸¶ȥģܹ֤ԵİȫôŴҵʳǿ϶Ӧġ
ǹĳҶЩ춯һѲɶõĶıϴУ˵ննƹġǱеģˡ
ֱڰվˣų⡣ᶼס͸˳յͨ͸ϢܿջȥˡеңȻͳˡ
ıģǲûҵʲôϣùһֱЩ⡣һ񽣣ǾǸӵĿˡ֪˶ٵȥѰңǶûκεĽû뵽Ȼˣķʽġ
ãҶԱȤóˣ㻹ɡҪиĶԼ˵ҪûУͲҪűˡ˲ᣬںɫĳϻӸոȡʱͰ˰֡ʾⲻչֳˡ
ĽףڴҵԤ֮ȡˡҶޱȵĸ̣һѳʲôı
ڹУһѲɶõ񽣡Ƕڴ󲿷˵һǴ
ȣ񽣣ÿһ鶼ܹȫ߶ġܹȫ߶ּܹϢʱء
˵ˣ˭֪һֱڴ̽ѳϢģû뵽Ȼ˸صôôˣȻһûеġ
һѳǸˣʹô¸ոóûп£ͱˡ


512 ìܱ
ЩȻǲܵŹ˵ġҪù˴ҵ䣬ôǻᷢ쭵İɡ
һ£ҪлʲôҪͭŪҵģǳİɡҼȻѾǺгˡҲϣóٴοˣǲ
ҶЩԾͭѵ˵Ĺ񽣡ԷƲϣȻ˵ͭǶԷ϶ǼʶġǼʲôͣӷ˫˵İɡ
֮ô֪ܹеķԪأЧͬ١Ƭ̵ĳĬ˵һʱǲ֪ʲôˡʱһǺ󷽵İд˳ޱȵ϶ԵƮ졣
찡ҶʮֵĳԾǵڶֵױѾǰĶóˡ֮飬ǷϵĵԪط
񽣲һ񽣣Ȼ˵ƥǣҪоǿʵд߶ȻĻǸСһѱһ㣬ɱãţЩѡ
Ƿ֮鲻ͬҪʹжôǿΪֻҪʶУܹõˡ
˵ˣҲͲԶˡǿ϶Ƿˣ˭ıء
ãʲôءȻͬ٣ΪҲǰμģѹĲٵİɡ˵ˣҪһ㷢ìܡأҪڳ֮Ҳûʲôõİɡ˼һ£ǻҡҡͷȻ˵Լ뷨
㡭òУǿ˺Ƭ̵ĿǣΪ⶯˻Ӧǣû뵽Էһش𡣾Ȼֱ˵˵ԼʵУ÷Щȥ
ʵ˵ġΪǶģҲûк˵ôĲġΪǲģԪԿƵģû̫ʵġ
ǹϵΡЧ֮ͬǲΪڳûа취Ԫصġ񳤳ĳһȻҧôһ
ǲСλشķǳĸɴ࣬ڶûж˵һģֱӾͻؾˡ
ѵΪҲְèôУ˭˵ȵѹһߵġǺڰ֮ҲǲеġŭˣΪԼܵ衣
ߣ㻹ĵԼһˡҲѹ㡣ôҺΣһɭˣе¶ȶ˲ͽôֵġ
СӣҸйĺڰ֮Ҫ֮飬Ҳܸһġ֮ôΪϢɭٴγˣջ󣬻ôֲ档
˵ˣҪЩкáҪЩһֱ˻֮ԴϸʮϰСɵʱڳ֮ҺδȥãǲԼȻǲΪ˵ԼĿ
˵Ļ˵ŵġͻȻľĵģеˣǳĬˡ
Ķ綼ģǸǲܹ򶯺˵ġ
ͷۣûа취ʵĶĲߣȻ˵Ҳͷĸһǻûа취óԵȵĶġ
д󲿷ֶˣȻлȣûʵȥġĶ֣жĴڣǲ۴Ƿ˵ǱҪġ
γֵǻ֮ԴһġҹôãǶûа취ҡǴҲҵģôע˾ҵˡЦޱȵĿšп˵ǲ޼ġ
Щ˼ҵľۣĿģɵӶܹ뵽ġȻ˵ƽʱϲ˼ǲɵӡ
֪Щ˵ķļӼۣǿ϶ԼġĿģö֪ѾûкǷŭ˵ġ
ǺͺġǶǴҶκβ˭˲ġ˽µ˵ûжϾġ
˭Ҫһ׵ĳеˡʱ򣬲ܹ׵ľ磬κƵġ
ڵһϵܵƣӦеϡ
˭ģ⻹˵ءʲôܹҵġⲻûдӦô˵ҪǿǿǲӦġٴг˳ζǻôһ˿Բ˵ĸоġ


513 Ϊ
ߣҪǸңΪ񡣡һᡣȻ󿪿˵Լ
һ㶣ΪԼˡȻһļžʲôûˣֻ˴صĴϢ
˿µ֮֮£޷ԼŷġҶоԼӿ죬ĶҪˡ
ΪǶôջҪǻһ¿ǶῼǣȻ˲ʹӦ˵İɡ
о߶Ĭˣʷߵľˡľļ۸񣬿˵ǰ޹˺ߵˡҲ벻бӿŵľ۵ˡ
ҲĬˣ½״˰ɡʵǸߵļ۸ˡڰλãȻλøӵĶˡ
ǻôôȻǲܵġԼλȥȡһԼôĶӱż˲Żôġ
Ȼ˻ĽĿܡͬʱǰԼˣѹԼľͶȥˡǰͬ׵ģԼѹƵģѹԼˡ̫ˣûԸ޴Ĵ۵ġ
ҲΨл񣬵õ˻֮ԴܹôġѻԪϿɺµӡǿиˡȻл֮ԴĲ䣬粢䣬Ŀռġ
ЩѾ¶ɱˣҪº֣ƻϷ򡣷õ˻֮Դ˽ĿܡȻˣһƽƽôᱻƻǰ֣ƻһĹҲ㲻ʲôġ
뷨ڰĴġУǵĵλߵģԲһԼ֮ϵġ
ȻҲ˱ġ˻֮Դֻ˽ĿܡУҲǰõԴǳɹĲٷ֮һġܽĿԷǳĵ͡
ңӦú˳ΪµĻôû˻ԪصϿɣսҪ½һصġҪ޷ɹӾʹˡ
лϴ٣лҪ󣬽ս󽵡ܹؽıʷеģΪԵЦΪеĸ̲ġ
ΪΡҪ˼ֱջ֮Դл֮ϵģαҪʲôƨġڴҵĲ¼ɣ빴ĶУ˵˵ԼĴ𰸡
Ҫ˵ǰ鶼һ㶵Ļôڣ˸Ĵ𰸣ܹõ˸ġ
ܾˣ˾ȻܾˡǾܾһͨıĵ·Ƕ󣬵ȴ޷ʵֵԸ
ھôİ˺˵ǰȴ˸ܾˡ
ҪôǣҪô޴ܹ˵Ҿֳܾİ
ôһ֣һЩɱҲ˲ˡȻ󻺻Լɱ飬ôļ򵥵İ
оǣ˵ǣ¡оԵĵΪԼҪܹﵽߵľ硣˵˾һɵӣһͷβɵӡ
ܶ˶ϣǺߣǸԼǰߡˣĲϲʲôλõġʲôĵԼܹڽأҶڲ²⡣
ҶҲЩݡҪǻҶʵĻ˵ӦˡڶʱڻÿֲȻҪǲĻǿеתתȻҪһЩʱ䣬ǱԼͰҪĿİɡ
ˣҶʶЩ¡ͬʱϤĸоӵŨˣԷ̫ǿˣţҶʾľ
̫ˡ룬ȫܸ߼ֵĶˡȻѾڷųˣܲΪ˸ҿһЦİɡŭĺҶʣ˵˼
ҶЩôһ˵ȷʵЩϷˣ˵ĸо
ԷһϳȷʵûһȷĿġ˵˭۸ߣȻ˭סȷʵǻĳߣңǲиߵĳ˵ġ
ǣǶԷȴǲӦⲻ˿Цģʲô
λǲϷˣ˵ġѾ֪ߵĳˣҶĶôǾܾˡҲЩˣü΢΢𣬿źЩˡ
ˣȻչΪˡҶҲǾȤûˡҶʾãµı£ǾԵĲԼ϶ٵˡ
Ҷ񣬱ſϷ̬ȡҪ죬˵ôղء
ˣûһǺģҲûһǺõġŭһ綼ù


514 ״ɣ
ܱô˵˿˵ǲΪġһֱڻҡͷʾԼĽס
˶Щɫˣ϶Щ죬ЩҲסĸоʲô£屻Ϸˣô
Ϊʲôԭôġѵ̫ģȻҿЦ
־ò̫ܣƲ¶ףǴҶ֪ĵû˵Էǲ֪İɡôĶȻǲ뽻ôҪİɣ֪ˡ
ⶫҪ֪ˡ˵ػǳĲƽİɡһж֪Ҫ߶ٵ˲µġ
ֻҪѻ֮Դң񡣶ңҳŵҪǵ͸ˣվߵ㡣ôһ֮£֮ϵĴڡı꣬Ҫ˲Żش𡣲ȻЩ˶ǲŹİɡԥһ£Ȼٴ׳һ𰸳
ԭڼַˣԵЩӵУʱһƬֱʰǴֱʰܶ˶룬Ҫǻ֮ԴԼĻôһڵϣźŵ˵ףǽס
˵ˣЩûõġ˻֮Դһܹõ˵һеġңʲôݵһ֮֮ϣ֮ϵĴڡȻҡͷͲΪ
ҵİɡҲУҲеġ治֪Ϊʲôġоĵ˱ˣȻＤ˰ʱ䣬˵ǱԷϷˣˡ
ǣȻҶҪʣ˻ôĸ߼۵ġ㶼Ʋ𣬿£ûʲôƵϵˡ
ǰôġôļƷŽˡĵѰĵǰɣ

ľֵˣǶ˵һЩĻȫЩŭԼǱϷˣˡϷˣˣ˵һģ컹ͷһΣһͬһ˸ˣһΡ
˵ЩûʲôáңҲ뱻֪ʲôɾǱ¶˴ҵĿСֻҪӦҼҾͿ԰֮Դ޳ĸ㡣Ļ񡣡˻Ŀڣһ㶼Ϊҡġ
һļžᣬ̫ˡŸոտʼͳ˼ù̶ͷ۵顣ֱӶˣǴұŭˣȻһļž
̾ãԼһԣ鷳鶼ˡԼȴһ㶼ܹ˭Լʦء
λ˼˵԰֮Դ޳ĸֻҪӦļģô̿ڣѺ˵˼̵˵һ顣
˼֪ΣֻҪӦҵô֮ԴˡȻĻⲻ˺ҲģĶҲʲôԼ˵ͷǣԼ˼ȷıһ顣
޳ңȡκεĶֻҪҴӦ㼸ô΢΢ĳϵӰд˳ˡ
û֮ǰôУҲʲô˲ƽˡ
ҶʶԻ۸ô֡٣һζƾеһɳ嶯ġܾףǻ֪˼ġ
Ҫǻһ飬˵ûлĺõġ˵˲ܱñƻҪġϾ֮ԴɲһĶܳԽͬ׵һ˭վ۷壬ء
ܼ򵥣ֻҪӦңѰʱͿˡ⣬ѧĸֹһݣԼ˵ͬʱ˻֮Դ
֮ԴƳǼ򵥵ķӡԵøӵĲҫ۵ĺâ䵽еÿһ䣬޵һƬɷ
ãҴӦ㡣ôãһܹʹΡÿһζ൱㾡Ԫȫһ㱣ãҲǳԿֻҪķΧʹãҶܹӦȻһʱϹҵĳŵҲǸǳϵʹӦȻ֪ԷҪʲôǣ֮Դջʵ̫ˡ
ʹˡڵõ֮ԴʱҾ֪֮ԴԵҲģڣǲȥʲôġֻǰĵɡ˵ʹ죬Ҳʮֵĸˣ˻һ䲻ҪǮƨ
ʹȥģһ˵㻰㲻õ˻֮Դ˵ûʲôˡЦޱȵ˷ܡ


515 ˮģ
Ļ䣬͸опֲϢпٵ룬׼ȷ˵̨ϣһһȼŵĴŻ
һŴһ̣ͰѺ˸˽ˡȻѿŻٵıպϣĿ֮£ߴԼҪĶȥˡ
ڻȥͬʱмǿϢ֪ʲôԭֿٵȥˡ
񣬼ֱ̫жƻĹء
ںʲôءѾǵõ˻֮Դˣ˵ǶĿܡ˵ƶˣڵĹض˵ֱһЦ
ߣûôסõ֮ԴܹôҪǽû˳ͻƣǽյΪֱһЦ

Ҷû뵽˵ĹϡУҶԪǲ֪꣬μ˶ٴɵϰߡһǸĻˣҲǹһӡһ棬ҲеİȫзȻǲö˵Ҷƻա
Ҷʵ뵽ԡ֮Դĳ֣ǳɹıõˡǰ񽻺õģЩġ
ҪʶģҪµĹ۲ġܵ˵ڻ񣬶ǻЩɵˡٿǰһ
ʱѵͲһЩʲôôȻ˵ûСû֮Դʧ֪ܵȥˣ⻹ǿܷġ
ںˣСǹ˼Ĺأ˼ӡҶֱӳ֣һȥˣǾ˵׼ˡ
ǲ֪⣬ܹһǻôĶȤǿߵİܹмܵ˼ء
ڹʱ˵ڿЩҲ˵ȻôᷴӦ٣ֱӾʹˣű￪ˡ
λٰꡣ˵䡣̵ˣƽÿһ˲ģȵҶżڣ֮ԴĲ١õˣҲĲ١ǻһͻôѾˣֻҪĵȴͺˡǻͻˣûͻƣܵĿ¶ˮɣҲȽš
˹ôһ˵Ҷһ㶣Ȼͻعˡ
ǰѾˣһôʱĻ񣬿»Ƕûа취ȥˡһһεĵطˡҪôͻƵʱų֣Ҫôʧ֮Ȼعġ
ͻƳɹˣ޷Ǿ˸һ֮ϵĻˡƽȻ񲻶ԸҲûжôĳޣػҲ̫ΪѴҵġ
ҪͻʧˣǸã˳˴ҵ⡣һվɣʲôûиı䡣෴ģʱΪ֮˭ҪСĵӦġ
ˮͲһˣ˵Ըġôˣ˫һֱģÿ˵ǲɿ
ҿԿ϶ǣɹͻƣˮǻͻʧܵĻˮǾЦֵˡ
˵˵ģĵӦˮһ㶼ûдġʱ˽˲ѣĶ֣ĵˡ仰˵һ㶼ûдġ
̣ΪŹĳҾͲô㡣ɱ̼ңҪҷŭˣ˭ҲסġҶˣˮ񲻸ˡ
ô£յĽôˮΪõ˻֮Դ뿪ˣЩġʱˮ£ⲻǰˮڻϿô
ˮҿǾ£ûô㰡Ȼô˼ҡĻһ飬ǳӣôҶǴ֮ġ
ҶʸϽԴŤһߣһ²ؼ߸߹̬ʾԼʲôҲûпʲôҲûʲôҲ֪
ҵжͬʱһͷŮ˺οΪŮˣƯŮˡҪǺͺһһķ羰ߡΪξĵжԵء
ٸװ⻹ûô㡣˳һףҿɲһסˮӵķŭˣҶᡣ
ƽԨˮ񣬻ӿĻɽƵû񰡡
װˮŮӣôĶְ̿޿ģڻϽ͡
ˣˡҲٳʲôˣѾǹˡ˳ֹŮӼ
ߡ
ߡ
ͬʱһ̨ϵĹ̷ġһҶߵˮ񷢳ġ
Ҷʲôû˵ĬĬŤ·ϵĻˮܣꡣ


516 ˵æͰæ
ˮȻûж֣ڵԪѾԶ͸֮ˡҶʾһߣоԼ˶ˮϴһ㡣
Ҷʺġսˣһû顣ԼһˣȴѾʪˣʲô¡
Ҷʣ㶼ѾˡܻҲһҪҡӽȻôܹҡˮľͰͷתҶʣޱ˵
ͬʱִҶʵϣҶʵʪ·ľ͸ˡˮҶ·ϵˮֶȡ˵Ľ
ʲô飬㲻ֲǶҲ˵ˣƾʲôҪأҶʾĪˮԴתñԼ졣
˼άҲ̫˰ɣǰһ̻ںͱһתľܻһġҪҶʾԼͬĴǿ϶Ǹ϶ԷĽġ
밡Ǻ鰡మĺ鰡㲻ң˭أˮЦģһ㶼ûԼҶ˵ľ
ʱ֪Ǻ˰㣬ûš˭ҿΪѵùǺİ˵ˣֻǼ򵥵ĺûʲôమӵİҶʲˣŸɡǻпܸһĻŸɣҶʾòˮɵˣԼɵˡ
ԼʲôȽ׵ģʲôȼ۵ġӶˣлĿô˵ˣ˵ԼΪˮƴˮ񲻵æģһԽζĿϷİɡ
Сûĵģ˼Ҷôãôᣬ㵽װﲻģˮҲЩˣҶôôԹͨء
Ӻɷһĭһģ˵ǲġҶʸΪģһβӣˮЩץ
Ҿͳȥ˼ģҲǸҶһ˼ġϴ˻ıءûΪЦˮһȡ˳ƣҪȥġ
ӢۣŮӢۣŮҰɣ͵ûпôҶʼˣЦǿõģһѱסˮ޳Ĵȡµʹޡ
ѾǳΪʸ֮ˡҶʿɲԼҲΪʸ֮ģȻǷ̯˺ġ
ңҶʿԱ֤ԼʵһǱ¶˳ǿ·ͷ˲ĳ˵ϵġɹеĻ
һڻоôͨռϣȫĽ˼ġԷѾ֪͵ɹˣҶץϸоһ²Źְ
ңѾ·˵Ļ˵ᰵתҶʸץסֱտ˵ġ
ҶʸɳһƱʵ̫ƯˡǳɹûЦ˺þõġ
ԣҶʹŶ˵˵ҪҪæءˮĸҶʵԴʮ˵š
ôܲҶʽúģԼ볡ǺܼᶨġǼᶨƵˮվһġ
Ǹղ˭˵Ӻɷ˵Ͳءˮû̵ľͷŹҶʣڵϷš
˵ǣӺɷ˵æͰæ˭ҪǸҶˮȥҾȥҪ˺ˮǾȴҵʬ̤ȥҶʿҪˣĺ޲óԼġոΪʲôͰѻ˵ôľԵء
ҶҪǸ˵ڶǾû˸˵һģðһ仰ⲻ֪Լڱ˵жǼĴʵˡ
ԣ⻹ҪúõŶȻôܴĹءҪǴ򲻹ôܱءҪҶˣҲǻ۵ŶˮˡһѰҶ˻İš
ţһúҶˮĻУƴĵͷ
ʵҶʵ΢΢ޱȵĿġôˮӴǱˮ§ؿڵġҶܹĸоˮǰΰġ
ƴĵͷҲһڣˮؿĲôµġ
Ҷһͷ˼ƮƮɵʱˮһƿҶʣһĶׯǻһһ
ҶҲ⣬ոѾǴռ˵ġҶʻڻζǸоʵ̫ˡƾоˮزҲǱϿİǾ̵һϴСˡű¶ˮı·ڵס˰ˡ
ҶˮֵʱᲢûֹͣѾ˺üֵĶˡһ⣬ȫǲɶ
ʲôﶼѰĻɫͲֵһˡ
ģȫ䡣Щֻ˵ûмĶȫǽȥˣ˫Ƚ⡣
Ҷˮ񶼲⡣ΪûпʲôֵӵеĶǵȴĶûġ


517 ЦӶ
Щرʲôֵ飬ڽǼˣһ˰ɡŴҲôΪġеһ룬̸ոհһɽƷ˳ȥ
ǲûмŽһƷͻȻгҶЩ棬ʲô̵ֵġ
ǰᣬĿ˵Ǵ۽ˡÿһ˵ȥֵôϰˡô˵ЩŹκһŮڨ˾ͽӿˡ
ֲһҪʲôĴ˵ϼ仰Ҳһֿҫʱˡ
ǰᣬϢʵ̫ڵķḻˡҲˣҲǳرǶûа취ǸʲôĺܼӲʲôرôİɡһ޹ǾûмʲôЩⲻȥһ㡣
Ź̵Ļ£һСɵƳͱˡΪ̵Ľ̫ڵرôҶЩ档ʲôĶȻῪȺӡ
ᣬȥĶ˵ǾƷġﻹǴû۹ġܽģ˵ļֵ
ǣھȻ˵һֵ֪Ķˡ⻹ôҶĽˡǸʲôĶȻܹῪȺӵġ
仰˵һʯͷֻҪᣬǱѾǾһļֵˡǻ˳ǮȻղ˵ġ
СƳ˳ҶʵҲͣ׼ȷ˵ǣҶʵĵУѾõȻ궯
ҶʵҲ궯ѵѵⲻ֪ǮģӲޱȵĶǸҶЩڴˣĵ˰ɡ
˷ܵӡѵܹĶҪĶҲ˵֪ǳϵĶļֵҶʵϢͻȻ䲨̫ڵˣˮҲǸӦˡתӣɻҶʡ
֪ǲҪĶһ֪ˡϣܹڹؼʱһ¡Ҷʲû˵Ľһ£ϾǸҪǸĻҶʶܹļµġôܸˮ
ҶšǵһСĻԼеһĶĻǾûܹϳġ
ǺãɡˮҲûֱӴӦһлصĴ𰸡
ҪǶ̫ڵĹأҸϳˡǼֵ϶Ͳˣˮԥ費ҪôĴۡ
ҶҲΪ⡣ˮôģҶʲ˸˾Ųʮģ֪ô¡ҲʮܹˮԥҪԼΪһʶûжõˣ޴ĴۣҶҲǲϵġ
˭ôӦҶʰˡҪˮ붼룬һھʹӦҶʻҪע⡣ǲǶԼʲô⣬ʲôı
ȻҶĽһһ仰Ҫ˵һµġⶫĿǳҵԤϡҲʲô˲õıҲһһǴĶԣɵĳۣʲôԣ󿴿˭Ķֵ߾˭׵ġٴεһ£ѴұѾɤ۵ĺģָ˼֡
Զ֣ϸа׵ָס˺첼һǣȻ󻺻ƿˡ
Ҳ۾ĶƳϵĶҪ⵽ʲôĶȻôΪѵġ
Ǹʲô
ǰ̣˴ĹӡóĶҲ̫ر˰ɡ
ûϡôʲôġ
ҪҪᵱһ¼ʦ²ţҲϲİɣ

첼һҿҶˡרϷŪǵĻôġǳ˻֮Դǽ־һҶѾоûп󣬱ϷŪһ˵ġ
Σֱһ顣ܵôɷнµġǺĶҪˡ룬һƵҲ˼һ£Ҳù˷˴Ŀˮû˾ĵġ
ǣⶫֱһƵġƵȻƣǻܹ˵ġ
ʲôãѵڱ˵ľñȥȻԼҭİ
ȵȣұ𼱡ܷĹһãɱ㶪Ŷþͻ㡣Ҷ۷׷׵ģǶ̾ñҪ֤һļֵˡ
ȻҶΪʲô̫ļֵǣҲܾôĻ˲ǡ
Ůڣ趫֮ǰչֹϴıˣֱȡ˽ϻȻݸ˹̡


518 ľ
ҶЦһȺӡΪʲô䶼ʶ˵ģⶫǾ;ǿʲô˵ġ
Ҷ²⣬˵ʲôԶʱ˻йصһ󱻸Ϊµǿ߻ˣŻ飬ɢؼ䡣
Ҷô룬Ҳǲ޵ġⶫֻҶУȫĴ߶ܹһЩġʣˣõҲֻǼӲһһûõˡ
ңҶʼĽ̫ڵķâˣֱЩˡѾѳˡҲû˵ӦʲôءһǸӾԶĶ
ôʱˡҪǲʲôĶǿ϶ʷĳг鳾ˡ
ǣֻбϵһ⡣ⶼһαװһ㣬Ĩġһ߶ܹ̾˵˵ľ
Ҷתͷʱ򣬹ǴӽӹĽϻУȡǹ񽣡
ۼǾԲһ͵ƷųĳһһȫбֻҪͨ˵ģ΢ĲǳʵıЩ¡
ҶʵüҲͻͻͣüнɫЦе˻ʽҡΣҪַɳҶʸסˣҪǷɳˣ鷳ɾǴȥˡ
˻ʽں£෴ģ˷ܡҲ⵭ķŭоǱһ㡣
Ҷ˻ʽɵķɳģǲǳ鷳ˡҶʿԿ϶ֻҪ˻ʽɳƱǻնϹ񽣵ġ
Ҷţ˻ʽ޵СʵǴ˻ʽĵķŭУǿҵĲмӦġ
ϸĹۿһ³۾ֻ̾ûʲô
ʣ̵סһ׼ȷĿ棬һĽײ
ٴξ˳һΰԪע˽ȥǿҵİ׹⣬һɹⱻץСȻģһֻǱ¶̳࣬ҲǿΪġ
Ϊǹ̸˵ĸо෴ǼǿˡڳٵˣҲǱȲġ
ǣʱûȥо̵Ϊ˵ġȫȫעĹۿŹ̵Ķ׼ȷ˵ǹ۲
жǷźҪĳǽһоͶԲˡʲô߰飬Ǿˡ
̼ȻǸôǿ϶ĵġȻûйıһЩĶġǼĽ
ȻĻⶫûһص㣬ôҰڳԼԼô
ϡһ죬ܶ˶ЩݵʱУֻнĲڲϵĻġ
ɢȥԪĲеĹҲǹƽôĿ塣Ŵҵ棬ķת˼Ȧʾⱦû⣬Ŵ·Ż˽ϻУԭ
Ҷˡù񽣿¡һûԪƾϸ첲ϸȵġڶ£ǹתȫԪĿȥġڴٿɡ˦˦ұۣҲЩܵġ
΢ĻһұֱۣۺһЩˡ˷Ƴϵ飬Ҳǻķתţһֱ۵չʾ
ҶвΪ룬Ͳ⡣˶ǿģǸʲô״ܹһġ
ãûʲôкۣûʲôۡܵ˹񽣵Ŀⶼûб˿ġ
ҶĬˣû뵽һҲ˵ʲôİɡ
ֻ˵ӲһЩˣ֤ʲôء
Ȼ飬ѵóô
鲻ĴָСҪǴһ㣬ǻȥһġôһ㣬һûеˡ
ⶫ϶ǲĶڵģҪʱӽȥʮֵѵġ
ǺǺǣе˼̣ͲҪĽˣҿŶˡɣˡһңӦôĵİɡ˵ô۶Եô˺ǺǴЦſڣɫľֱӶһҳ۾ûգһµġ
ȫǮˡǿⶫرȻųļǮġʵҶоĳⶫûʲôôİɡ
øҺˡҾûЩôȥŪһľͰⶫǶ棬һЩõİɡһˬʵֱӾͰѼǮһ


519 ţ
ڴҵУ̧ܵ٩ǮѾǵһǳŵĳ̶ˡЩӼ۵ģƵģһʹĸоûСȫûаǮǮõġ
ȴôˡκһƷ˵һͼ۵ˡƣЩ˰
Щ֮Իôĳۣǿڹ̵ϲôġǴҶǳǣûгôŵļǮÿһﶼ̵ģ֪ЦʲôĵزǺʵġ
Ǿļң˵ʷ𱬵ĳ档ǴҶѹżǮġÿһζ̫ߣһ㲻ʹĳ룬ȻѸٵı˸ڽӹȥˡ
ڴ˵Ǯ򵽵ĶʲôУǮ򵽵ĶǶǲϵεĶҲ˵Ȼ˵ʱҲӦҽס󣬶ûгɹģøĶȡߵˡ
ҲͱˡɣҳʮңôʱȥŪһľҲøҲι۲ι۵ġ֮ǰҪľˣٴοˣе٩ζӵԡ
˵˵Ȼ̨ôϲôҲͲˡʮңŪôһôĻľҲﳬֵˡôˣҲȷʵЩˡȻ˳ĵҪղأȻҲˡ
ȻǮ˵֮ϵġǣ֪ûʲôõĶô࣬ǻиġһҪȻԾͶˡ
ᣬеˣ֪һ߹ġĶһͷҪǴȥŪһһǮˡɽļ۸񣬻һЩСĳļ۸
⴫ȥǴǴҵ£ûʲôܹܱ˵ķİɡһǮʲôҪǱ˸ˣʹˡ
ЩνϲʿĵʱЩνʶϲʿĵʱҶһֱǹŶ˵Цݵġ
ʿĳҶڳЩ˲װЩ˲ʲô鶼żӡ
Ҷһֱûпڣûκεļˮɻޱȣ֪ҶǰޱżôڷżʱҶʻûпˮĵͼ
ˮɻ󣬺ҪǲҶ֮ǰǿˡǿҶƽģȲʤȯӣˮų뷨
ˮһֱע⣬̽ʶȥĸӦǻûиоʲôصĵط󲻵òˡ
ҶʿһȺ˲ϵļӼۣҲ֪ʲôÿģҶǿĽζġˮЩȤŤͷҶʣúȤ
Ҫľġ߶ϲʿٴγ۵ʱҶʾãʱˡӦǲ˼˵ġ
ʱۣ˾ãˮѹǮǰ۾ĻҲǻĲɵġǲ֪ʲôͬ׵ǿ˾ˣ˼ά֮£Ҳеôġ
ǣڲһˡľΪˮˣǮˣҿһСЦ
Ҫ̫ڵҪҶʻҪ֪Щʿֲɱ˻ľǰʲôоҪ֪࣬»궼ŵİɡ
ˮ鷳һˡˣллˡҶϵЦݣתͷˮһ˵
áͷ漸졣ҺĽ⵽ʲôôġˮشҲǺܸɴࡣЩǮЩϲʿ˵ʲôġϲ֮һˮ˵ǸС˼
ˮһҪԵЩСƻܵľãҶôĵĶǿ϶Ƿġ˻ʣҪϲãǰõ˱˻ʵΪΣ¶ǻᱻЦİɡ
Ҷʷ˷ۣûĬˮˡˮ۾ĻĶˮ񿴿Ҳν
ҶҲΪûԼԵĽӴˮǲܷʲôܵİɡȻˣǾǸʮµģʲôϵء
ҳһҡҼȱһôСĶʲ˵ġĥʵáһϵĿˣ͸˰ĸңޱȵĴ
ԭֵ˲䰲Ҷˡ
⿪ڵǹҶˮ̸˵ʱ򣬹ȴһĿˡ
ڹ˵ģһңȥһӵ顣û˻ŵģⲻǰ˹


520 Ҫ͸Сܵܣ
Ҷףôһ˵޷ǸԼһҪɵɰˡ׵ĸˣⶫҪˣǱҵ٩ҼӼ۵ˡ
Ҷ뵽˸̵һȥģǹֻϡƷԲƷͷҶ֪˺ܾò˴ͷġ
ҪһȥȻٵ٩һģǴҲͶ֪ôһһǴĶһĸ߼ۡ
һƣ˲ľǱˤˣϡġѣƻ뵱׵ġ
ǣͲһˡһңڹ˵ǸǲʲôУ˭ļҵɾǹˡ
͵ǵһҲνġȴơ
º󣬹˵һܳƾͱסˡûЩܣ˭ܵء
飬˭ҹܵء˵ˣڹУѵ㻹ȥ͵һ¹˵ĻǼٵİ
ȷʵһļıҶȴͷޱȡԼҪĶһˣǾЩ鷳ˡ
ԭΪһȴˡˮ棬һļ۸Ȼ˳˳ˡǣҶǧ㣬ΨǰѹķӦ©ˡ
ŶҪȥӡ˼ҲǿˣҪǺأôءˮҶһĵı飬Ȼɤӣǿڣմɤ˵Ǵÿһ䡣
ˮã֪Ҫⶫֶ˵ˣҼЩȣҪӡϣˮòҪ¶ˡЩ죬Ȼºͣв޾ζ
ǺǱڵİһȻ飬ԼӪôõȻҪˤˣǲеġ
ˮʱ죬ǱܵΪˮҪҵġ飬Ҳǹ۲ˣ˼һ㣬ʲôĵطûпģǸǲˮܹʲôġһţеġ
ԵСܵܡϸһ£ʶôˣһʲôûġĳԸģҲǱҿ˵ˡҪʲô⻹˵ȥġˮĹǼõģһ
ߣʲôãƫƫҪˮҲǴŴ󻧵ˣ±˵лʲôʲôģͳȥһҲǼõġӵĲˣ϶ˮҪˣܵĳƺˮΪˡ
ǿɲСҶСܵܵǺܸߵġҪֱֵˡ͹Ҳ粻ⱦͲôļӲ͸СܵǼõġˮûĲȻǼҪġ
˵˵ⱦ񣬵ױʲôطҪ˵ǲʹġҪˣһֱǵѹסԼҲ˳ˮ˵ǱҪȫףҪǸһ񵽱ӡ
ͿļǿҲˣ񽣶˺ֺġϣСܵܣԺҲһļǿҲҪʲô˺ĵزˮǹһĨ΢ЦԸڱ⣬ϲ˵Ĺǻ㶯ӣͰڶ˵顣
ߣҲõġƽɡ֪Լ˵ˮģһúˮۡ
һһҡȫҿСܵҲϲýġˮһЦȻ󱨳һùץֳ
ڱ˵Ļϼһңǲʹģȫڴȫơ
ˮҪ֪˵ĻһԩģԼǺھ۵ġⶫҪܵ͵õҲǲġ
ͬĶб˵ģ㻹ȥԩǮȥЩĶôˮôġǣڴʱ˿̣ĳ
ǹܲˣˣҲЩܲˡòУƴıסЦ⣬òеġ
ϣˮ㲻ҪٵˡҪҪͶСֵܣǵвٺöͷתһ˵СֵܾͺˣҲ͸СֵܵôЩӲˣȻĵŭҪֵˣһҪѹƲס˵ֱӱĿԵˡ
ҶʾȤתͷˮȻԼĻﾺ


521 ֣
ˮ񻹻᲻ӼۣǴͬͷͼѾԲˡ飬ѾǱڶ˵ģûܹ˵ġ
ˮҪʱǻڰǾԵڸҴ̼ġ
һҡĵҪϣһ㡣ҶˣҲ̫ΪһŮӵİɡˮһЦȻٴαһ۸
˶βˣˮ񣬻ǸҰǰ󼸴Σǰѹ̼òˡľͲ¹Ҫô
Ȼϣˮٴθļ۸ǣˮĸ˴Ŀеļ۸ʱ򡣴ЩˣҪǹıô졣᲻һӰΪƽصء
ҶЩˣİУͻȻʲôЦͿˡ
ˮǹҪϴˢһôġҪĵҪֱӳһļ۸ҧҧҲˡǣʲôÿζҳ۶ôһ㣬ǹĻôġĿҪŭˣУͷðʥڵȼš
ȻûƻʲôǿֲתŵǳһƣĴ˳ĴеľߣоͲôˡ
ǼõġȻ˵ʵλϣûа취Ƚϵġܱ뵽һҲǼõġôҶоˣڻƽƽˡȻ֪ʱģеصƵģЩ˲С
ǣҲһ㲻áƢ󣬲Ǻڰ֮ͻ񣬷ƢǺġƢȽϺõĹˮҲзʱġ
Ƿʱ򣬴ҾˡǸоͻȻƶ˵䵽˵ϡͬߵϣȴͻȻ䱻мһŸˡ
ھĸܡܵҪҪ޵ĳ嶯
ˮҪֱӸһһļ۸ù񿴵ĳɡǴͬʱͷҶҪˡˮ㵹ҵ̼ˣǱ̼˵İ
ǣ˼ҵļҵûа취ȵİ˵Ҳ¹ЦҪ͵ļ۸ġÿμһ㣬߳ôһġˮЩ˼ͻȻЩŤˡ
ҶʿˮǺ֮ǰһɢɳϵġȻŤģ鶯һ㶼ûŤġ
ãȻˣٳһΣҪܸϣҾøˡҲܽܵ͵ļ۸񡣡Ҳͷۣû뵽ˮһ𰸣ܿľ˾ϡ
ô˵ѾǺԲˡҪôԼڲˣҪƵ¶ȥҪô͸һʵļ۸ҲǹĹȥġ
ȥҲǺġһûʲôõ飬ڹҲһ߼ۡЧӦ⣬ֻҪǽˣǷҲܸһļ۸һһڴҵаλˡ
Ȼˡһ߼ۡҲҪķܹ˳ı£Ȼе˲ſԡ
ǻ۲Ҫ̫ݣ̫ҿǳġˮ񵭵ĿڣͬʱߵҶһ˵ɫ
һǧңټһҲø㡣Ҫǳ۸Ҳûйϵⶫҵˡûˮ񣬵Ŀڣһ۸
ллġɣȻ˵ˬ죬ٸһǧһļ۸Ҳ̫Сһ㡣ǧҡˮû뵽һ۸˵ġ
Ҳܰѹ̫ˡˮԵķһҲǲʹ˵ġ
ҶˣĻˮЭǴ˵ġòˣ˭ʱֵء
أҲ˵İɡˮĴ˾ģҶչ˰ҲͲüļӼ۾ˣֱ鱦ˮɹĵ˿ɺá̵ʱˡ
ʱ˭ҼӼ۵ġǴɨڰ֮ӣһӵǿǲġ
һʵĳԽģһǵģǺǵ
Ȼû׮ôĳˡˣڿʼװɡ̼û˳ԷԣҲ֮е飬ֱӾһ̣˫ˡ
ˮҲ˵ȡһˮƬȻ˰רн׵Ĵͷ֮ϡӰΣһˮƬˣڶͳˮˡ


522 ˣ
һ׮ɣСڴ˵ⶼʲôֻһ˵һɧˡ
Ҿ͵ǹۿһĿͷϣϵĶԾˡУټʱ򼸸ͬʱһǳǸӵļҵġܹϴģȻֳܷһġ
иֵ飬Ǿǡ۸ߵģߡ˵ߵĳۡѡһЩԼõĶҲǳ顣
ûôĶˡҲܿĴĴлָ˹һİ磬ࡣ
УҶʵĥŸոտʼԴˮõ֮ҶʵĶ߾û徲ġ
˵ôôļӲءˮаȥ飬ָһĹľСУм䣬෴ڲͣתš
ǣȻǿ֪ġ񽣶һ˿ۼ飬ˮܾô󿪵ô
ҶȻǲشģҪ˵ʲôˡˮӵĸȤˣʱҶʻøӵķġ
Ҷʣ˵⵽ʲôһôļ򵥵İɡˮñ򿪵뷨ˣΪȫǲܵ顣ָͷţķ۾ǰоҲ֪ʲôù۲ġ
Ҫô׵ľͿƣֲܷôֱ˵ʲôܾͿˣһӣ˵ôܸܰĻҵĹҲǻϲٵġ
ҶǲģϸĶûͣٵᣬʲôرȤһ
ȻҲ֪ģǰͱˮʰôܻˮءңҲ̫ڵˣʾɵҲ֪˵ġ
Ҷʣ˵ⶫ᲻ǴʲôéڳİɡȻôˣȻβһġˮһѰ鶪ϣµµй˼ȦȻͣˮǰȥ鶯Сӣ˼¡
ǿ֪ȻǲʲôζһֱڷУⶼˣҲ϶ǴġȻŪһĶ˭ԸҪء
ҶĿҪˡĶôܻʲôéءҶȺΣвֵܹӳġĶпܻéеô
Ҷ֪ˮôβģһֱһੲݵ˵ǿ϶ҪԼ׳Щʲô
ˮҲ֪ҪֱʵĻԼǿ϶˵ЩʲôġһֱͲͬˣһܲˣҪѶԷǾֻж§һЩˮĺģȻܶ徲ˡ
ҶҲʡ͵ĵƣҪ䣬սˣҲ̫һİɡ
ˮǷŹҶˡ׼ȷ˵ǣˮҲˡҶʼֱβһ㶼ûʲô˵̵ֶľڵĿᣬˮੲݡ
ҶеĴʯͷѾǷˡھޱȵˬ죬ˮ˵ʲôʲôҶʶǿɰġϾˮǮİ
ҪҶԼѵȥôҲҪʵİ
㣬һȥϽҿķĺĸˣͿʵİȻʲôʲġˮʧȥģûкİ鶪Ҷʡ
ҶСĽס۾βסϲȻǹЩۣҲ˳ĵˡǵˣȻַʽõˡ
ҶĺҪ룬Ȼ󿴿⵽ǸʲôǸӴޱȵḶ́ҪѲٵʱѪġ
Ͼⲻ֪ʲôƵ̫ˣûʲôˡֻҪҶԽӴշ̵ĻûбĥЩܡ
鵽֣Ǻڱ˵ЩһˡҶʵֶҶʵе˸Ӧ˴˴һеϢⱾͬԴĶ
ӴЩͬİô쵽ġô˶ƭˣΨһʼ͸Ӧˡˮһֱбڹ۲ҶʣʱȻҲǿ˵ġ
ûʲôҲһõģЩԵеİɡҶȻǲ˵ʲô˸ڷһӡ
У˵ˡ˵ƭ˭ء㣬ոǸڣԼôˮһЩмƭƭСӵİϷôƭˮء
ŲţˡҶһϿʵģ˵Ļܹˮġ


523 ͻ䣡
Ҷʿѹ˲СĵĹһԪС
֪ҶȻѹסԼȴûа취ѹסģҶʵԪǻһ㣬˲Ͱ鼤ˡ
һ̵飬⼣߰ߡȻĴָСһ㣬ȴųǿҵĹâҶţһС̫һ㡣
С̫һ㶼͡˳ķϢʵİᣬһ˲ͱ̵ǧٿ׵ġ
ĿĽ⣬ȥԶԶĵطͶܹһǿҵĽ⣬ӹг𣬾òϢġ
һֻ̣ҪܹܵĲķΧеڲϵͨģûͨģڳһ㡣
һ̣ĴУûбӡֻװһֱϻеĹ񽣡ľңϻͣ
񽣵ѹƲסƽϻһɫ̫һ㡣
ڴҶΪǹܵ˴̼ܵƣĸеʱ򡣷һôҶĿɿڴ顣
񽣸ͲΪ˹Ϊ˷ȫ¡һײݶƿԶȥˡôôܡ
ԼİУĿһˮڵİᣬֿ˿ԶȥĹ񽣡񲻶ϵ˸任¶˾ġ
һɫӰٵĳ˰ᡣĴƬ̵ͣȻ˳ŹײĴ󶴣ٵĸȥ
һߴԼλվĿȥĳǽ׷ĹǾɥǷϵ̱Լλϡ
ߺǲģû뵽ԼǧټƲŵõĹ񽣣ôľûˡҪǸŹ׷ȥǷǳǵѡ
Ȳ˵ٶȲ׷ϵġ׷ˣܴĹô˵ˣѾ֮ˡõҲûʲô취
ҪǷߵǹ񽣣ҪǵŹߵġԿ϶˵һʱ׷ȥġڵŹӣͲܹ׵ȥˣ飬ǾҪˡ
񽣶СҪ׷ȥˣʹˡ
Ȼһδƽһ𡣸ո˹񽣵춯˹񽣣ⶼµġ
ϡĲֳӰ
Ǽ˳̨ϳңңĶˮڵİᡣҶܹĸӦԼеġ
ǼʮֵĲУϢšȻûʲôϢɢķ񣬾Ѿ˺յġܵ˴̼ȫ渴ն޷ܵġ
ڣеıҶֳ飬ڵһ¾վ
ͻȻļϢʵ̫ϤˡҶڣиӦϢڣУʲôմȾϢ
Ҷһ۾ͿġǾеһͷͻУΧûһҿġͻҶڵλͷһѻƴ󵶡ɢŰԵϢ
ӴӴӴӴЩôͻȻͲܿˣֱӾʹӺˡ֮ǰúõģôͻȻˣѹƶѹƲסмԱ̨Ļٵĳ嵽̨ǰǱԹġ
ֻҶ֪˷ʲô飬Ҳ֪šˮҶʵԱߣ˵Ŀ򾭹Ҳ֪һ㡣û¶Ҳܹܵһġ
УЩߣȫһ֪ˡĪнȻ·ˣȻûвĵˡ
췢飬йص˰ᣬֻҪһΣǾԶڱ˵ǰҫʱˡ
μһͣһ۵ᣬʲôֵص飬оһġֵˣֵˡ̫ķˣôҶҪЩˡ
ܵڣеıƣҶеһϸСĽһ㶼ҶڶӴĽȫûȽϵģ˵ġ
⽣һ˶оâڱȫһƤ̲סڴ򺮲ͷȫˡ
̫ˣոճᣬûа취һˣһƣ̨ϵļ˳ȥ
øӵľˣǻεͻ˻һһġȫ⣬һƻϵķ֮
һߵģֻܼƵĽһ͵ķ֮ײһ


524 ƣ
Ҷе飬ֻԼһƵĽȻⶼɢˡҶʵٴαƽˣԶ˳ҶʵֱۣҶʵĵа
ͬԴ飬Ҷʵĵлۡ˴˳֮ƣһǡǵһģõĶ֡
ЩҶûз֣ϸȥ̽飬ҲǷֲʲôͬġ̫ˣǿģҶʵĽɫĵｻӳ
ʧˣĽҲʧˡǷһƵĽȴûʧġ
νȻǴһͻɢȥȥչֳ˿µһ޼᲻ݵġ
ڣıҲֵܵƬ̡ͬķϢһʱͱνȿˡȥƲն˼ϡ
ȫһȻ̨ϣеϢ˽ȥˡ
ҺһƽڴǿĻνпĺѾǺܲˡʣ޼ˣֻ뼸Ӵһ£Ȼͳ׵ɢˡ
ϣһ⻪ƽпڡпںݽȥڲһѶ㱻ֱгˡ
ȻǶѾصƻˣ˵صܰʲôĶˡԶԶĲ֮ǰˡ
ĿһУ˵ȫɵˡ죬ѵԼĵùôԼ˶ٽˣûͷ۹췢飬ҪһǾѾǹͷ۵ˡû뵽һӾôࡣ
̾ԼĶѾҪľˣԼ汻𻵣ȻûֻܻЩΣʵ̫鷳ˡ
һطΪûֵϳҲûеǲеˡ
㹻ʱ䣬취Բߣô͡ҪһߵĻֳǲ֪Ǻˡ
ȫѻȸģԼʵ̫ǿˡܵôĴ̼Ȼûֹͣġ˼ţȥöһǿĵҩúõĲһȻһ̫̼ƨˣǾͿˡ
ǸЩǮ˸ѡһʱУǿĵҩʮֹһͱĸˡ
ʿǿͣǰʲôǿҩȫûʲôôŵò˵ҩҡһ䣬ҩˡⶼǺ󻰣Ҷʻ֪Լҩҵ
ˮһֱҶʵߣ˵Ŀ̵ġҶŪĶ̼˲СؿڣûһԼĽ
ˮһҶʵ֣ϸĹ۲졣Ҷʵůɾûһ˿ණ
ޣˮԸԼһ£˭ҪЩ
ҶʵǿտҲģʲôûСһⶼûеģҪ˵ʲôˡͲ֪Ҷʸʲôطȥˡ
أˮ̲סˣոҶʵϵġڲҶʵûУҶʵ֣ˮҲ˵ģʲôûС
ˮû뵽ԼˡԼеǿ߶ǿˡмʶģΪߵĿ˵ˡҲǿ˵˶ˡ
ȫûпĲȻҶʵһʱ͸ϳˡѵⶫԭͲ˲ŲʶġˣһģˮοԼɲԼļʶǳġ
һ˼ĶҶʼĶȻҶʲôϳġ
ôһ룬ˮ̾;ˡ綼ûϳҲû˻ᵥ˵Լʲôǵˡ
뵽ԼаôãʲôûпˮͻȻһŻһ
ʲôҶװɵˡ˵ѾڵȥˣҶûа취Ū˵ġУҶҲύȥİôĶȥɵӡ
װɵˣǸո顣㽻ǻġǰǿ˲˵ģȻʹˣȻûелֱˡ콻ҷвСˮЩ죬ҶʻҪװɵ
̫ԼˡԼҪֲҪġˮϲĶ̫ڰԵˣʺҶʣǲʺԼ
ŶûˣŪˡҶʵĿ˵˵һ滰ʵ̫Ƿˣ̫˲ˡ
Ӵ㡣Լ֡ˮߣӣΪŮåһѾͰҶʸɳϡ
ҶҲǿˮûʲô⣬űƵġȻˮǵôƵҶʡ


525 
ҶȻ֣ȳƣʤڽʵɳ϶һӵġƽȵľͱˮƵɳϡ
ˮһȣҶʵϡ޷໥ײˮҶʶͬʱƺһӡ
ˮϸ˫֣ҶʵߡĳˮҲǳ飬˵ǵһθɡֶһ㶼
ʤˮĵλߡȫȫľһջ󰡣һ˻ǵסġ
¶ϣˮ˫ҶʵĽ׽Ӵ˳ҶʵĴϣĸš
Ử޹ǵ˫ֻҶʵСȡȡǡϣǰҶʵÿһλһ䡣
ɲʲôͯ˵ʮ˽ĳ棬ֻˮˡΪ˷㣬ҶʣҶʰ鶼ʲôط
˰죬̫̫ҪĲλˮһˡûҵʲô飬һ͹Ķûз֡
ҶʶҪЩ־ˣʵ̫ջˣڹ˷ﰡ룬һ绨ǰ͹̰͹µĴˣſҶģ̵ס
ҶʾסˣƾԼеĽڲסˡڣܶ˶ҪڲˡҶʲͬǶˣǾòףּˡ
ҶʾԼԶʥͣµľӣ»ݡ
ҶȻһֱԼƷУŮſ϶˼ġǱǿ׹ŵӲӵѪǽɫ̫һ㣬εԼ۵ˡ
оǣҶһʱûпƺɳҶץ󶴳ˡ
ˮˣɻĶҶʡҶҲûʲôĶôһգ۵ʱ䣬Ͳء
ڹӲӵıѪһԹĶԼҶʣֱӾͱˮӵˡĿҶʵصѲѰҹҶôϵʱܰѶʲôط
ͻȻˮ۾һ԰иôõĵطûмġˮֱӾҶаצӣǹ˳һĨѰζЦݡ
ŶҪҶһľ֣ɫ䡣һͦʹƽŵɳϵ˫صǰסĳҪ
Сܵܣýúõļһ¡ˮֵĴĴָĦԼ°ͣջĶҶ˵
УĵطԣΨطСҪҲͬĵطҶɵͽƴҡͷǲͬġˮˮԼĴ㡣
ҶʾãһƻүǡԼûȥռŮӵıˣҪǱŮռ˱ˣǻ˵ô
ͷɶϣѪǾԲŮåġ
ˮЩԥˣ˿Լĳλֿ˿Ҷʵסĳλ
Ҽһ档һΡˮʵǺĽǻҶġһ˵ţһͦͦԼıظԼظӵͦΡ
У˵ͲģûҶʿˮظһڿˮҡҡͷܾʮջʮַ顣
ȻҶʺҪһˮǰҶʲ˼ˮԼΰȻ˵飬Լռ˱ˡҶһнڲٵˣôܹء
ˮҪҶúˮҲҶʵҶɳҪץҶʵԼǰ׳ˣҶƴİָ˻ˣûİȥ
ҶˣˮĺôôĴءΪ˴ﵽĿģֱЩֶ˰
ʵˮǾҶʲᡣҲȷʵǺĽġҪǻһԣҪ˵ȥˡ붼׼룬ҪǱˮ֪ˣָڵӣضϵ֫ġ
ѾԶĽҵˡûа취Ūⶼģûƭ㡣ҲʣҲ֪Ҳ㲻֪ҶЭˣʵЩᣬһе۵㰡
һӶ޷ϴˢİܱʣҶʵŨīزʵһʡҶʻ𡣵ԼǷ۷۵ģȻˮˮˮˡȻǻ죬εͬʱίĵġ
Լ̫˰Ȼ챻һŮåϷˡ
ҶʻǳֵķԼ˵һģȻһٵĻš˵֪ģĶ֪Ǽٵġ
УΪʲôء˷ʱ䣬˷õҪĴ𰸣Ȼǲ⣬ˮ񿴳Ҷǲ˵˵ģҲͲٱҶˡһ߰ˡ


526 ݣ
ǧٿ׵İУҶˮսͣˡҶʳһǰˮ汦򷢵ˡ
ҶͷˣҪ͵İġ˭֪ȻŪôĶءӺˣֻҪǹϸˣ֪Ǵд͸ȥġ
֮ûţûѯʡΪˮУҴӸոǱĲʵ̫ڵĿˡҲǲ׵ǵġһܱӿֲôء
ˣ۷׷ףһŵʱ򣬹ǻˡ
һ򵥵Ľ׵ĳֳۣһͬɫĻĳһ׵񻷣ųɵĹââǿңûйԣȴ˵ƽڵóٺòˡ
ǹĹԵԪĵٺãҲôܵġ
һӹ֮󣬾һֱĶŹֵġүǰһүǣҲǹֱŮ˵ָӵĺÿǹ֮һѳ
֮ǰһԼĹܵ˵ľߡڹ񽣻ˣȴˡʱǶôϣϣⳤԶȥԶģǴҶҲڵġ
ǵ͵ĳԲ˵ĵԼòģҲϣҶòҵﶼҪƽһЩ
߲֪ʲá˵ǿǿģǽ쾭̫࣬Ѿǳĳܵļ˵ġܵ˵ⲻҲʲõô
ߵѪѹƲס˵ģɫ죬ڴڵѪϢĹ˵Ҳ³һġ
ڴҶλ֣Ѫµôķɧôİʱͷһᣬ˹ȥˡﻹû³İѪҲ˳ǵġ
λΪⳡĵһˡҲʷϣʷĵһˡ
üͷָһƹâעȥڡתȻ˵ǲѪˡǿֱĶԼιȥˡ
֮ǰָָûջˣȻͿ˹һ޳ֱָ㶵ָԼιȥŹ֡
Ҳȥˣ˾ˡңڵģҪһ¡
ҲЩͷۣ飬Ҳ̫һ˰ɡö飬һӵľ¶ûнһȤյİɡ
ǧٿ׵ģȫˡصӻõģʱǲȵġǲе˰ɡ
ȻˣѵһȺվڷоĵôŴڷֵģȻƷ;ЩҲס
ⶪĲǴҵⶪǳҲԼĻ˵Ȼ˵ưˣǺôûеǣǻһ߲ڡ
ˮ񣬲һôҪûв´йصİɡˮİᣬĿڡβסķŭ
ȥ׷֮ǰˮİоѾǷ˿µĽ⴩͸ˡҲǽ˹񽣡
ѡȥ׷񽣣ʱûȥˮİе顣񽣣ǹⶫɲ˸ȥˡ
ˮûпڣ̨ϵĹȴȷɵ˹Ľǰ촽΢΢Ķ˼£ȴûֱӴˡ
ֻɫϵı仯ɻоȻǽ֯һùЩŤˡ̫࣬仯̫죬һʱ֮Ǳ仯ˡ
žҵŤͷ̨Ѿʧȥ˴ǧٿ׵İؿͣ
ˮ񣬽һǳĵҹȥôҪǽҲġӴԺ󣬲ݡŭˣ֮ǰΪˮŪʲôûѹƵĺáڿĸƻĿԸӵĴˡ
ӶģѾùЩ޿ˡжѾŭˣʵûа취ټŭˡ
ô˵ģ㻹ĵΪ˵˰Ҹ㽻ҸʲôЦˮҶʵǰһӣǰһӡ
ƣˮ塣Ҷʵ뵱ģûʲôܳһġ˵ȷʵЩˡ
ǽ˭óǵ˼ޣԲûпڡ
ˮҲûдûʲôֵ飬뽻ġ


527 ûҸɵģ
÷ϻˣûʵж˵ȽϺáҪˮȥϰ춼ǳġ
ˮͲͬһˣˮƴǻֻۣᱻˮԼϤľ磬Ȼˮ÷ḻս˲ɱġ
ոɢȥԪڿٵתͨ巢⣬һɫ̫һ㣬ޱȵҫۡ
Ϊ㲻ɣҵҪҸʤһġˮҲǺǵȻԪĳֵ˼
ˮҶʻڵˮԪҲǿٵıӿԭƽԨԪʱ羪κһ㣬ˮӿ
Ҷʱ۾Χ·ǳһŭĺۣڻתŻԶһɫգҲųĻ֮⡣߶˼ɣû޼ɵġ
˶ͷҪˮһ㶼ĶսĻ֪᲻˵֡
ҪЩ˳Ȼ˵ˮʲô˽ǵ֣ҲǼΪ鷳ġ
ⲻҪ鷳ܱͱġ
ˮ񣬲ҪΪ㡣ǽҶĿõģֻҪҷʲôҹʲô׷ŪôĶҵĵŪġҪװƵģһʱŭŻģҪŻˮһµġ
ǹոԪоͺˣ⣬ҪŪ鷳ˡ
֮䱾ʹͬһ磬ҶǳѾ˵ģ粻һˡʵûʲôġ
ƵһʱҲǷֲʤġǷֳˣܵһҪ뿪Ļ˭Ҳסġ
ʱˮ񣬿˵ֱӾͶˡҪάԼϣˮȫΪ˳һڶ˫˭ãҶκβ˭
ڹУҪĴˣԿֻǹġ˫һӴͲǵжٵĳоģҲ֪жٵĽᵹµġ
ⲻǳǳֳǳرƻ飬նҪǮȥƽġˮǼ˿·ϵĻҳˣǹĸ߲˵İ
ֻҪ֪ո뿪ʱ飬ǲģ˶ѡһѹԼ̾Ҫֵĳ嶯
㵽û֮꣬飬ƨ°ô϶ءˮҲǿŶֵĳ嶯ǷǳĲƵġ
ǴҶƻԴǴǰдģô¡ѵôԼʧֲòѹŭѯʡ
ҲûܻġǺܿģԼз뷨·ˮ˵ġȻ˵治࣬µĶǴ˵Ǵ˵е¶ʮֵĳģôܻء
Ҫǻһʱ䣬һϡֱȥˣôŵġ˭Ҳκβ˭ҲҪȰеŭһ˵
ˮҪ˵ǱҶ¡ˮԭǾЩĪģŸɣԭûָҶܹʲôæġû뵽ҶʱȻԼ
ҡûæôʲôһ˵ˮСĶҶ˵Ҫñ֪ԼҶʵرĹϵġ
ոգҰҶһͷĺߣ㻹ĵ˽㵱˰Ǽ̵ĸˮѵ
ʲôո㰡ʲôģˮЩĪģոţҶʳ˹սʲôô
ոǲ˵Ľ⣬ҸɵİҶŵĺߣѹǳģСĿ˵
ˮ˲عǰոձҶŪġԼҲһĹģϾԼҶʵġҶʵݲܱ¶ʵҲǲܱ¶ġ
Ҳ˵ʻҶŪʲôֻҪûбʶƵģǶҪԼеġ
ոչһֻ˽һţͶҶˮʦģŰˮŭ˵ġӿʲôû룬ˡ
ʱҶʵѣˮԼˡȻ಻ģǲܸ߳ҶԼ֮ĵĸ֪ˡ
ȿȣûովҸɵġǣҲǹġһǴеģ˭ܵˡҪƽʱ˵ͿڳˡˮɤӣĿˡ


528 һգ۲ˣ
ãٴƽ͵һΡ⵽ô£һ㶣û뵽µˣȻԼ˵˸ӵֱ׳ġ
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ǸոһôȻҾŪŪŪģȻˡˮһں˵ù³Ѫ
ʲôһ飬ȻŪŪŪˡɵľŪôĶҪȫעģǲһӾûô
˵ǿ飬ôáɱ˵ñ֮ǰҪԼŵġţˮ˵Ŀʵ̫ˣùˮ˵ѡ
ϻȻǿˡǲϢ˵İ֮ǰʶô˵⣬ˮԪϢ֪ġˮ˵գһµģⱾ滰ֻҶʵĲָʶĸɾ˰ˡ
ôģţΪûм棬ΪҡˮҲûмġȺôµĶ˰죬һԼӼôһģҶġΪԼˣΪԼ֪ʲôʶˡôģҾͷرĵطɵ˰ɡˮƻľı¿˵һģֱӾͰҶʵķָתƵԼˡ
ˮ˵һȺ˶̧ͷˡһǰ⵱һЦڻ࿪Цû뵽ЦԼԼԿԼЦġôҶЩ죬һÿйİ
һûк죬ˮĴ֮ɫ˲ɷ׵ġ֮ǰЦ˵ҪȥľġոձĲĿõġҪⶫ˻ľؿڴҪĪıˣ˲ǧٿ˰ɡ
ҪȥľĴ磬ͷһᣬϡŰĭһᣬڶ˵ġ
лл˰Ȼô˵ļ۸ͰѶøˡⲻ̫ڳԿӵļ۸ϷһôôСŮңǽİɡڹΪˮ棬ûн˻ʱˮˡ
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Ҫⶫᷢô顣ʱҶҲͲ˶ˡ
Ҷһ߿Űۡˮ񣬴ţǲݸģ˵ĸһ
ղ֪˭Լаôõʱ䣬һֱڿڼĥҶʵģҪҶõֻƬĴ𰸵ġ
һתĹ򣬾ͿʼѵˡǰԼһɶ˵ġҪ˵ˮȴҶġ
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ܷһ£Ǹ顣ʵǺĽȻĶ񻰷һתѻ⳶ˮϡ
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ҶʵĵУѵҪǰҶɱˡǰҶʵĵƿȻѶȡôƿ˵һΪͷˣǻҶɱ¡ңôǾãĻôɱȡѵء
ˮȥ˵Ķûջĵ֪ģҲͲǻ취İɡȻˣǿʲôϵءģҪĿ⵽ʲôϵƬȻ˿µܡ
ǲˡʱҾôҵĹĵȻͱɽ⣬ԼˡһعʱѾǲ˵ġȥˣһգۡˣˮٵ˵ţȵһʱ򣬻Եǲġ
͡ҶʵǱﲻסˣˮʵ̫ɰˣ̫ˡȻ˵Ļ˵ѣôĺÿ
ҶʵҲֻߵˮõȻĻҶʵЦѴҶˣǻвҪ鷳ġ
Ҷ磬ϵݣôߵġЩ˲ͬҶҲһֱûаЩ˸һ£ڱ˵ĵϣǾĵ͵һЩǺõġ
ˮˣҶҲϽˡ


529 һƷ
ˮѾôͷˣҲ֪ˮǿ϶˵ˡҲˮ˵࣬ԽΪġ
Ѿ˵ˡˮҲ͸¶ֺģǴҲûʲô취ˡܱܲȶԷİɣʷûбȹһʲôġ
ˮʲôܹóġһǱƵ̫ˣǿ»ӵĿµġ
ôˣҶеľˡȻ˵ɫܳҲܷ
ڰбģڵİᶼǱǧٿ׵ˡǿ׶Ȼûа취ˡ
飬ȫĴУҹһμҶûʲô飬͵ͷͬˡ
ˮ񾡹ЩģҶʵݻᱩ¶ġҲûرõİ취ҲֻܵͷӦˡ
ҶˣҪˮȥǷǻᱻ˻ˡˮǴʲô˵Ĺ֮ǰٴϵǾЩ鷳ˡ
ڴСǰŵͼ֣ҪҲ˵ľšкܶ˶һεľģϲѡ
ȻǴӰгˣȴ󣬱˴֮仹ǸúԶġҪСĽ̸Ҳõġ
ʶӦǵȻܹӦõǱ˴Ϊͬʵ൱û˭ȥ֪̽˵ġǻ᷸ɻģܶ˵Ĳ
߹ᣬǹϵεġⳡᣬǸ˺̵ӡġһõʯͷֻҪ˳ҲܱȳǱܵġ㷢һеУ˸ССЦ
ǺǺǣȷʵǹġⱲӣǻסСһȹһġ߲ûӦΪʱķ˿ЦĹά
ҺһǲŵġҪȶһȻһ˵ҲҪһʱաùҲܹһˡҪ춼Сǹ̿ҪһЩЧˣȻ⽿ӣܲĴ̼İ̿ӣĴҶǺܿĵġ
ˣءǽһƷˡŴҲ֪ʲôˡӻԾľġһƷȥ֮󣬹ҲҪúõϢһʱˡһӣͱ°ڷСƳˡ
Ȼµһˡ̹úõ˵˵һܵİˣҶ壬ɲôŹ˹ˡ
ƽչ̶ģֻʱܼһεġҲ˵һҲֻһεĻᡣۿҪˣҪǲ̵ֻеȵһʱˡ
úúãҾ˵˵ǰһʱڣƿնĴܣǶڳĶʲôܡҶڣע⣬ȴͰһ飬ԹƵġ⼸ǴڣеġôģҲ˵Ҳ֪ҵԭҲöʡȻһЦû
һŮ֮סμˡ˹̳֮⣬ʱһЩ˴ŵҪҲһԭܹôҶܵ𾴣һңŮӵֲ֮
ϧǡոˮһ񣬾ͰЩ˵ˡ̻ڵģôһ˵ˣֻı壬ڲoû˿˵ġһʲôȼ۹½顣ͣһ£˴ҵθڡ
ǲҲ˵ôô޲ءˣȻ˵սʲôû½ûϲʲôƵĶİɡ
ֻҪĵطЩʱվͿ޸ˡǲµġ˵ˣҵȤ²֮ϡǸ˵ڣ֮ϵİɡЩϸо˵ܹӦڣķҲ˵ġϵ˻ôʵˡشģһ㶼Եó
ˣڴҿʼۣʲôԣҪʲôȻŽġʾһ£ˮôҪǳɹˣˮһ˵ľϲŶ̺ǺһЦˮʹҿһ˴ŵЦ
ߣˮһˡΪǹڱ֮ǰµĳ
˶ǶһЩ˼Լ۲졣ҪʵҲʲôóȥˮҲǲע⡣


530 ־
ȻѾ̸˵¡ԭҪһµģȫˣȫ׺ݵĶߵˡǰһ̸̻ЦģھѾǳΪ˻ྺĳˡ
Ȼȷõ˼ܲܳɹҵڣķ򡣸ǲȷǸأǲһܹ˵ġ
ЩҪҪǰѶŪ֡ȰܸȰѵطҵ˵ҪռһȻȱ֪иӳʱ׼ȡĿҲǻϲٵġ
ܻ֪̿ҶȤǻϲٵʱġһʼͰֱˣ鶼
Ҿû˻ˣѾвͨˡҶ֪һ£˵˵һµġǴҵİʾãЩ˵ģǻǻ˲֪ġ
̵һ仰սûпʼʱ򣬾Ѿǰսȼ˵ġȼضǻġ
ȻҶۣһͷİɡשҶţҲǸ취ҳһ׵ġ֪иߵġ˿ˣֱӾ׳һذը
Ҷ֪ʱ򣬲ʲôȳ۾ǺõġҶҪ˵Ҫ˵ĳóȻĳۣǸ˻ǵˣǺܱġ
ש˵ȫǫˡȫɱѾҪһסһ˲ôİ
˵һǹԿһġʱսǻ𣬹Ҫվİ
ǰû뵽ȻǵõˡҪ֪˺ܾõˡ
ǿҪסˡϣ⹦ҪһͻȻŪĸԭĲźá

Ȼ⹦һ۷׷׵ġ̾ģĽǺġȻҲһЩģŹԭġ
һʼŪôһĹѾúܶ˶ùˡľǻӵĿµġһЩҵ΢˶üͷ׼Ķϲ̨ˡ
Ҷ֪˷ˣҰĲС϶ͼıڣģȻ˵ĳۡ
ͬһͻᱻ˲Թ񽣱õôˣһֱûʹùСĲŵġ
ǹֻͬҪ㲻ǰʹãǲ˷ֶɵġǰʹˣֻҪСĵβԡڵ磬ѾǺܾԶˣû˼ʶĹ
˵ĻǳİȫҪܴﵽĻսڸϵȱһЩҪ֮ˡ
Ҫͼıڣôܻѡ¶ġ˾ãͼıĲڣиӿµĺ׼
ҲҺǻûҪǻǻһЩ鷳ġ
뵽ˡͲòᵽ˻񣬾Ͳòոջŵõ֮ԴѾ·ˡ
лл̨שҪ㲻⡶Ȿǲ˼óġһûдлع׳һذը
ʲôˮסˣҶʵ߻ľվ
ͬʱ͸Ӧ˼ƼǿϢһ̽˹סˮϢˮ춯
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Ҫ˵һĹĻһķͲòˣǳˮġ
һǰѻԪתɼ»棬մڻաһǰˮԪ£ܶһе
ֹ˴壬ԡ
ڻͳʱҲΨˮܹ֮һһΪ˵ǲಮٵġ˫ƣòɿġ
ʱ磬Ȼ˵һǺܶϵġȴֳӪһǻΪ׵ģһˮΪ׵ġ
λǿ˫˫ˣҲ䲻˵ͬھģûʲô֤ݡһ֮ա
ˮͬھ֮Ӫֱ룬ݻӡ
ˮȥ֮ϵȴҹֵѹϵֲֿĹһкɹˣǷûһϵԸⲢڳԵġ


531 Ըģ
֪λܷӦҽģҾԻȼ۵ĶģԿˮһѹסԼĵļ
Ҷʿĳˮ嶼ڲȻǼ˷ܵġպúʵûмܹ֤ĵƽİɡ
ʱˮǱλסˣȻôôĿˮ·ֱӳȥһץס˵½ݺݵҪȷġ
ҪͻҶʲôĶʱûʲôȤġȡˡҲǳĸɴ࣬һڻؾˮ飬ûƬ̵˼ġ
ɵҲһͼˡ־ڣʲôĶ˵ġ¸ǹˮǸ˵ģûһĻء
ңԸ⽻ġˮУû˸Լ˵ģھһôĶԼ˵ˡ
ǷǳĲͷġƽʱ˭ԼǹάĹάģͽİͽģġ
ҳԤ顷һӦܹ걬ġ˰ɡңġкǿԣֻˮԵ˲ܹԤ顷һʺκ顣ˮǹ΢ЦȿģҶȴоЩ䡣
ˮˮŭˡԵķŭǱЩеĺĸӵĿ¡
Ҫ˵ǰҶܳԾĻԤ顷ˮ񶪳ˣǴҾˡ
ûǡǡкǿԡǾǱҪԺʲУһҪơ
ˣֻǲϣˮõԼȷʵûʲôôġ˿˵һ㶼ĵġ
ǡԤ顷ֲһˣȫʺκˡңκһϵĹ
һϵشĸκ˶Ҫ١
ңǵսǿȻҲûʲôǿԪֻҪƤӣܹ˵еġ
ķмԼֶΡ
ǣ츳ǿģȻ⹦ȡʲôʵԵĳɾ͵ġ
ⶼҪķܹһֱֵսкܺõֵãϵһлʲôˣսУ˲ܵľء
ˮ⹦ǺܶͶͨ˳ˡ
ڵ磬Թڰ֮ΪǿͬҶԹڰ֮һּɵΨˮη壬ʲô¡
ǰҶˮ磬ԸʹȻڲòһˡˮôôδؾûСԤ顷Ĺ͡
ĴУҿǶû˵ˮԹʲôġϹڰ֮Ҳһʤܵľصġ
ǰҶΪǹˮġڿˡˮϵԷĳУǵвҲǰܿġ
ˮΪ˰ѶԷġѹȥϧѡԤ顷¶˳ˡ
ֻ˵ûǿĹֻʺϵĹˮԤ顷ûʲôʵԵĽչǡԤ顷ʺǡͲһˣˮϵһ𹦷
ڵ˵˵Ϊˮġˮ˵ޱʺϵģ֮ѹѾһֱûʲôľ磬϶ܹͻͽġ
ҪҪáȡġԤ顷ôҪҪôľˣˮóˡԤ顷֮ǰקöͲˣֱתˮСһĵͷ
⼸õˣҲһܹڣġңǶ֣κڣֺ
˾λãҲֻͼ֮ġҪܳʱ䣬Ƕ೤ûܹһ׼ȷĴ𰸳ġ
ǡԤ顷ȷʵʵʵڵģֻҪˣֵܹġ
ܹɣһʱ䣬ǻЩЧġһЩʵսеֳˡ
ȻǴɵľҲޱȵ˵ġܹԤ֪δסֱϣһԳɱΣ˵ǿޱȵ칦
ΡԤ顷ǻȡģɲǻġġȡбĶˮЦһûдӦ
Ǻ̡֮ǰΪԼĶãӦˮ񽻻Ǽˮ˸ĶǸĿڴӦˡ
һҪȡԤ顷ǲܵģǶԡޱۺˮҲǲӦġеǶ


532 Ҳһ
ԭĻŭŵľ߳Ĭˣˮһ仰˵Ǹһưˮ˲ͰеĻȸˡ
˵ǰһ̾ߵһպĻھǱˮ˻֮顣
Ǵž죬ȴûеõκεҪĺôҲôĺôȡġ
ðɣѾҵõ˺ܾˣȴʺҡȻѾعˣһˮ񽻻ϣиĽ룬Ȼ󿪿ͬˮ֮ǰˡ
ѾعˣͷԼˮ˵Ķǿ϶Ǳסġ
ˮ·ǹ֪ġ͵ǲ·ģһˮϣûΣգҲ϶ǻᱻŪһ˥ġ
ԼҲûãᱻˮֱӾ͵潻ˡ˶࣬ˮػǲ̫ڵģõһˡ
Կɷģˮڳŵ飬ǻ쵽ġ֮Ҽ㵱ڽˮѶԷһ͸ģֱӰѻˣԷһ衣
һ飬ʵǷ̫ˡôҶЩӦӲϾĸоЩĬҲ֪˼ۣո˽⵽һСôǺߵĿҪһЩİɡ
ˮǴֱʰȻõˡԤ顷ⲽ顣֪̿ģһⱾһˡֻһˣûκεͽɵģȴоصλáһִԤ˶ġҲ̾Ȿ鼫ΪƳ硣
ᡣҸȡ裬ΪΪڣҿҪϽĳ۵İȻһ̿ǾҪⶫˮˣ鵱û˻ܾİɡȻģȴԴҽһ޲ϵ
ҪһĴ̼ңʲôӿµĶóûС
ǹ˵ܹһԤ顷֣ѾǺܾˡһܹסܶ˵ˡ
ҪҳһĶʮֵѵġôҷɢ˼άȥ˵Ҳ˵ġңкܶĶڲ磬ǲˣûܹȷˡ
лҵĹذܰ⼸øҡҪоʲôһǻҹġڣͶлҵĺˡ˰죬ĵģûһܹߵļ۸ġˮ΢΢һЦȻվ΢΢չһЦ
ˮ˵գ̧̨ȥҪʽסһҸĶֵ޷ġСĽһЩǺõġ̨ȥһֽǮһֽĽףûôġ
ţһ䴦
һȫڵŨеӰվһڵŨУΨһ˫Ѫ۾ǣ˵ޱȡ
Ŷڰ֮ʲôҪ˵ôһΣһΪҲһġμôεᣬһֱǲҲĵİɡˮһ㶣ͣס˽ŲתͷɻĿ˽䴦ڰ֮ӣһ㶼·ġ
ÿһᣬҶˡΪ߹ģкöǲμô죬һֱûпʲôĶȻñȥȡЩˡڰɳƣޱȡ
ң˵Ļӵһڣ͵һӵˡպڰ֮˵ĶҲ˵Ϊ֮ĶǲֵһĶ
˻ô˵ĻôһӣͰԼˣλڴҵĶˡ
Ҳ˾ֵĺڰ֮£ص̫ˡϸһ£ô꣬Ҳȷʵûڰһϵ
Ҳû˵ڰ֮ĵѰʲôĴšѵ˵ôֻкڰһϵǱġûκζʧ
ڰ̫֮˰ɡȻ㶼ҪĶÿλʲôѵڴʲôĶôбͳ˵ŭֱڰ֮Ĵ̼һ£ͱˡ
ߣֻҪõģ˵Ҫǵ顣εļҲˡˮС顷һǡҲа뱾ġڰ֮ǺһЦޱȵĿֲһźһЩʷ˵鼮ڻĳ
ôܡԤ顷ôѵˮǼٵôҶɻˡ
ⲿһֱ֪٣ôһ֣ͬʱ


533 һΪһ
Ҷޱȵɻ󣬲֪ôѵһǼٵģô˭óǼٵء
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ڰ֮ôӦҲǡˮѾóһˣʱٸһݵļðģǴİ
еͷԵģ£Ūһðƭ˵İɡ
ҲҪ۹⿴ҡ֪ҶɻҲǵġҿԸߴңеⱾġˮȻЦǻ֪һȵġʲôʱܿЦʲôʱܿЦһǷֵġڣҿңһڿЦôˮҲɻ˵һѵĻҲ֪ҪЩʲô
һˢˢİͷˮϣƵǸԶĺڰ֮ϣڰֻ֮˵Щʲô
ҸҲġҺڰ֮ղػеġô˵أҵĶġˮĶҲġߺһסڰ֮񵭵˵鰡ʲôģֻơ
ԭǲİжðһ뷨ѹˮڰֱ֮ӵľóˡȻǲĶôŵļֵҲǲġ
׵Ĺ֣Ҫ־ƫЧҲϸ΢ġο⻹ǲȱģ˭óȻȥȥеġ
⡶Ԥ顷⹦Ͳûа취ġֻһЩƤëˡ
ǣЩƤëĶѾˮݺˣκεĶ֡
Ҷ⡶Ԥ顷Ǹӵˣڲһ֣׵ġҲֻˣ˭ܹ֤ܹˮڰ֮аѶġ
鶼ĲϢͬԴģӦһġʱ˫ۣ˵
֮ǰˮóʱ򣬹ѾǺ𾪵ˡںڰ֮óһʱ򣬹𾪱Ȼ飬ôġ
һֱʶȥӦϢǷرϢһģͬԴģŶ϶Ӧһ顣˵һӵĺʵġ
ôܣȻ鲻ʺҡǣһ׵ŶӰġû۽磬һĳİɡˮüû뵽
Ԥ顷ˮõ˺ܶˣ˵˳űУҲǲһֵġ
Ҳ˵ˮѾǱоܶˡÿһйϸڣˮоùġˮ񲢲ʲôԵĵطҲ˵⹦ġ
ڣôֳһбˡڰ֮ĵ˵һףҲĽۡˮ־ԼжǴˡ
Ȼֻһ׵ϸй·ߵİɡоֵĹڰ֮ޱȵĵޱȵĿ϶
ȷʵһ׵йûκιֶΡⲻɵʱеôҪڣˮһ㶣֪ڰ֮ô˵ǳ
Ͼ⡶Ԥ顷صеķ̫ڵķˣûоʣŶõġ
ĶԴڵģȫҪԼ򡣼鼮ϵģǸӵǲܵˣĶô־ܹصء
ЦһĹûһЩ׵ĹġԤ顷˵棬Ȼ׵ĹġˣûӦĹֶνбܹɳڰ֮һЦˮ˵Ǳʾͬ
Ȿ˵飬Ҳ顣˵ּصġǶǾӡ̻ġһԴӡǡڰ֮˵˲ֵܡ
ڰ֮ŵĺһ󲨶ס΢΢Ŀһǡڰ֮ԼԪһľ񲨶һشֻеһƲȫ档
ˮһ𣬲ܵ˹ǸӦĲڱ˵ǻǼİĲˮоҲģֲżǿĸӦ
£Ҷˡˮһ˹һı飬ѵܺܺõ˵ô
Ҳ˵׵鶼ˡҶΪһƷ飬Ƿֱڲͬ˵ġ
ôҶЩźȲ֪ҪԽܡҶ֪ҶԱл룬һԼϡ
ڣעǲϵˡ


534 ش󷴻
Ҷˣĳ顣ڿˮڰ֮õĿҪġǲ֪ûгֵ׼ܹóԶĶ
ǣҶ֪ǺѺѵİɡЩѾܹĴ˵Ʒаˡ
ܼ֮һѾǺ˲˵ġҪһ֮ڣóҪȥˡ
ڣ룬ĶļֵһİɡҪûóмֵĶôǾֻеҳԼѡˡڰ֮ЦЦЩа졣
ûǾ͵ԼˮȻûʲôԼĶڰ֮ĶȫǷֲֵĸߵġҲֻеԼ⣬Լѡȡʲôˡ
˵ˮĶȺڰ֮ĶмֵΪû֮ĹԵȫòϵġ
Ҳ˵Ǻڰ֮ĶˮĶмֵΪһΪûнֶΣҲǰ״˻վƴȭô˵ˣԤʦʲǷǳĺõİɡ
˵񲻶ϵı任Ҳ֪˼ʲôûпھģҲûпڵҡֻЩȴ˾ѹ֡
޿κΣ޼۵飬ѾȫĳܸĶļֵ
ȻˣҲǿϵģԵģ粻ˡԼһֱţҲ֪Ҳһûзĵưɡ
ԭ֪ʲôʱѾվ˵ĹһȫǷϵȥˡԶˣȷʵûа취ȥˡ
ҪֻˮһˣΪЩ˵һˮ񣬴Ҷ̵ܹô
ڣڰ֮Ҳˣ鷳ˡˮʡ͵ĵƣڰ֮ǿޱȣޱȵء
û˳ô̿˹վȥˣ֪ǷˡⲻԵģһһ䡣
Ͳ²һû˼Ӽ۵ģԵĶûһ
ˮóĶڰ֮óĶȷʵ޷۵ģҲ˵һá棬ֱӰҸɡ̴ӹ˴ˮڰ֮ȡ飬ĦȻ̨ϡ
֪רŸЩԸ¶׼ĻôġҲһһɫ۵Ӱȫʵʵģһķ϶ġ
֮ǰ飬ں̨˸֮ǰ˵ҼĵƻˣǷǳҲûȫ٣ҵǣǻԸ⾺ĵġһϳùܻ̽ůʲôģֱӿ˵
˵ĴʮֵƮ죬Ůġ
ˮڰ֮ƷҶǳ⡣˵ģһԾ̨֮ǰҾѾԥ˺ܾõˡҴ˵ǸӵƫڽġЩΣĶһǷǳˡҪǳǻǲѡˡ
ôһ˵Ҷһ㶣ȻȫӦ˹ӣջѡڰ֮׵ˡ
ûõķؾǽðҾͲϲءһٴһЩҵľѧ֤׬ġôɡڰ֮񿪿˵βסϲá
Ҫ롣Ҫǿй֮ˮżˣҶҲЩżˡвܷʲôõʲôյĿģġ
ҶõȻǸӦڣʲôҪȥ˵ġ
ˮҶʵĴͬҪȥȡˮȵġ
һкĶҪȵõ֮ϡҪûеõʲôǿ룬ʲôǰ
ˮĲˡҪȡʲôǱ˵ɣûиȨġڰ֮ڴˮĻҪˮʱ˵ҪʱıҵǾ鷳˵ġ
˼име⣬˺ܾáҸΪӦммġһӣûֱ𰸡
Ҷʶģ۲û˵ʲô˼ֲ߼ĵط
ҵѡ񣬾ˮסйļǹǼûӦĹľûмôȥ׵ĹءЩ٩ڽһЦ
Цйġȫסˣ˲䵽˱㡣
˵Ҷ϶ǻڰ֮׵ģû뵽ȴһ


535 ֣
˿˵ҶһЦôҶŹ˼άߣȻ󱻴˼ˡ
ȫѻȸģҶͣ˺ˡŵУȴûһ˿
ʤšˮҲǱһһ㶵ġһʱ䶼ûзӦʤϲá
Цˡʲôֻϲõķǹɵ˰ɣΪ֮˰ɡû뵽ɣȻҵĿڴ˰ɡ˵Ҫ˼ҼйģǿǴҶŶڰ֮ɱˡˮЦЦЩ
ˮʵ̫ˣֱҪ˷ܵըˡȺڰ֮һʤߵĿǣ˵ĻޱȵˣˮҪںڰ֮ϳ鼸µˡȻڰ֮ȫУǳҲʲôЧġ
ڣˮ̫ˡڰ֮Ҳ൱ǰ˽ʵʵһˣޱȣܹ˵Ŀɿڴġ
ȻⲻˮԵķˮãʱԼԷЧûڵĺõġ
ˣңֱڰ֮ŭΧĺѸٵɢҪħˡ
ڰ֮ôţ߳ŭˣҪɱôġ˿ǻҪҽн׵ģɲʰˡ˵ˣǹĵ̣ôҲҪ˵ӡ԰ɣ硣ˮſ˫ۣ˺ڰ֮ǰúڰ֮Ϊ
ûôҳĹǲܼƻġȻԺôܹȥѾֳˣҲò˵ˡ
ܹôģǴ˿һҪάģȻԺôȥ
ҿûˣ㣬ҲϷˣκһλֻ˵һʵһʵҲֱӾܾڰ֮İԲȹάһ¡˵ֻϲҲģɲ˵˲ûк£֪㹻ĵƣŵʵΪ˵ĻȻǹάÿһˣûκεĹά˼
ô˵ڰ֮Ҳ޻˵ˡ˱ûˣκһ˵˼ֻ˵Ļ̫ǿҵĴİʾˡǺȷʵûȷı̬ȵģڰ֮ѾǸ˵öԺˡ
ֻ˵ڰ̫֮ڼˣʧܵ˵ѿȻĻǾʧˣҲᶪӵģȴﻢˡ
ڰ֮Χħƾҵķӿʾ䲻ƽġջǶ˻ȥˣһԼķλϡ
һ˫ɺӣˡĴһС
ˮһЦҲȥǷŭĺڰ֮һ̨ϡ
ڣǿԽ˰ɡˮЦ˵鶯˫ۺĴźˡȫţӾĴܹʶģˮʲôû̽鵽
ˮ÷ˡȻһϮʾˣǾûĿ˵Ĵˡˮ¡һ죬һĿˮġƽҲˮ̽顣
ڴҵļ֤£ȡݸˮˮ֮󣬼򵥵ĸӦһ£Ȼͷˡ
ٴȡԤ顷Ȼ󽻸˺ˡҲǽӹ˼ҳҲǵ˵ͷ
ȻˣôҾͲˣǡͻȻչֳ˾˵ʵһԾײƵݶз˳ȥ
ڵݶʱ򣬺΢΢תͷҶʲ֪Ǵʲôܸо˶Լһۣеζ
Ҳǻվ壬Ե÷ǳ𾪡֪ǿʲôǱԷΪˡ
ͬǿߡˮܵҲһ˲䣬ˮ񶼸оܵв
ôľ룬ˮûκη£ҪǶԷͻȻѣˮ˵ġڶԷûɱ⣬ֱӶˡ
ˮ֮£˼˵ġ󣬵ȴÿһ˶ˡ
ʲôͬ׵ǿߣ
ȴս
ܸӵĿ¡˲䱬ƣԶһ⻹ǶԷս̬
Ҷ۷׷׵ģû뵽һİصǿߡϢʮֵĹŹ֣κһԵϢҲԡ
Уûǿߡ֪ǿߣԵġǹЩԵԵԪϿɡȻԺԪӡġ
Ҳ˵˵ûʿܹˡǿʵȻսϵսʤ֮󣬾ܹȡ֮


536 󻯣
صǿߣ̫ڵˡ˵ûκ֪ôһδ֪ǿߴڵġҪΪ¶˴ҵǰǻ֪ڰжˡ
һǿߣôóءѾоеô˵δ֪ǿߣѾǲúһı͵űˡ
۵㶼Щвͨġ֪ܣûܹסջġԼ׼ˣ˭ɵ˰İܶء
ӦǷ֮󡣽زһ˾ܹȡġŹóų˷ȻȴҶ֪ʱ򣬰֮һˡ
ҶҲıģΪǺ뿪ʱ򡣿Լһۣʵ̫ڵĹˡаźܶڴҲһЩ֯С
ˮعҶʵվٶǱ˺Χ̨֮ϡ
֮ǰİǿ߸һ£ˮҲЩˡǿֻ߲֪⼸Ҳ˵֪Щǿ߾ǰеδ֪ǿߣµĴڡ
ƽռ䲻ɽ¶ˮģһҪͻȻϮǻǷʤİ
ոǺˣҪ˵ǻɱˮˡҪɱҲܴһֲġϾȻ󣬵ǶȽ׵ǿ˵㲻ʲôգ۵Ĺܹһȫġ
ҶʵߣǻһЩıϵġô˵ڻݡû̸ʵ֮ǰû˻ġ
ˣȻ̫ˡأεᣬ˳ˡᵽ˽Լ´μ档̼Щѹ֡
ƷѾû˵ģҲ˵ᵽ˾Ѿǽ˵ġ̣̿Ȼת̨Զȥˡط̫ܶڵĿˡ
ҪǻҪǰŵļӣתˡ֪һӣֻᷢʲôˡ
ˮϲˡεᣬǲعصĻӮҾˡǵõһ飬ȻֳɹĽ֪ڣϢˡ񵭵ĿڣЩġ
ҲǴջġѵľͰѹ񽣸ȡˡҲ֮ϲ˰ɡ
񽣵ķ޼᲻С£ԵǴ¡Ĺ񣬿ɶѰ񽣵ġ
ϲˡ
ϲˡ
ϲˡҪڣϢˮһǺȵġ

ʶģǲôϤģвʶģˮ׽顣ˮϲҪҪ֪ڣϢ
ҪлģȻҿɵòġҷģҪ֪̽ڣķǻһЩϢġˮҲ΢ЦŻ΢һ˼֮Ĵ𰸡
ˮҲ֮١Լǵڵĵġһʱ䣬кܶ˶еĹעԼĶġ
ˮҲһҪȫıܰʲôģǲʵġ
˵ˣصĺˣǸˮһֲĸоʵķųһЩϢЩҲ̯һЩˮѹҪСġ
ǾллˮˡΪ˲μᣬǳҲЩʱˣҪϽȥ¡뿪ˡõˮĳŵ֪ܲĻǼٵģǴҶˡ
ҲûʲôõģҾҽڸ뿪ˡ
Ҷû˼ˣߵļ졣ܿľֻʣһȺǿˡһǲЩͬУǵٶǼģҪҪ˳ԼΪ
ң̬ķչҲǵ鲻˶õʱġ
ţڰ֮񡣡ڰ֮ˣ̵ľҪ뿪ˮǿڣס˺ڰ֮
ŶѾǱɹĵõ˵ġ֪ˮкιɡҪûʲôҪĻˡҲˡڰ֮ͣǲ֪ˮ񵽵Ҫʲô
һνΡԤ顷ĹֶΣҲáһѸոĵ㽻Ρˮ룬Ȼͳһѻ
ҶĬˡ֮һĺڰ֮ǳĬˡ˼ţȨŵֵֵ
ˮķ鱾ˣˮҲǼס˵ġϹֶΣˮ޷ڡԤ顷ȡͻƣҲܹǿսġ
ãҲûáһ˼ܿ˽ӿ֮ǰڰ֮ٴγˡˮ
ˮҲǷǳĹϣֱ׳һ


537 ңҺæ
ˮڰ֮Ŵҵ潻ףҶǿʮֵۺ죬ȴġ
˫Ըףûа˭ʲô顣Ҫǳˣڻϰ
Ҷʶˮޱȵ⻹ǹİȻע֮ǰľֵȥˡ
ˮҲǰѺڰ֮͸ˡ֮ǰڰ֮ԥľóڰ֮񣬶Ҳǲ̫ڵĿصġο⻹û׵й·ߵġ
ȻЩɵˮõ׵ĹǺڰ֮ǴӦˡˮ˵ģʺⱾ顣ȻôˣˮҲֻܼ򵥵Ԥжֵʽˡ
˵ˣڣںڰ֮˵̫ڵľջˡڰ֮Ҫμʲô˵ġ
ҪΪڣϢڰ֮Ĳ˵ġҲ˵綼صڣڰ֮ҲʮֵĿصġ
ˣȻˣҲ͸ˡˮõҪĶǡ
ջķᣬҪĶõˡʣˮӮˡ
ǡΪǻ쵰Ȼǰ֪ʲôʱܵˣˮ޵Щ֮⡣ˮ黹ǷǳĲġҪ̫ڴ̼ˮҪſĴЦ㷢һԼеļˡ
ҪǣܻˮǡˮҲΨоˮȫĵطˡô˵Ҳˮĵ̣Ķֻˮ顣
ޱȡôˣǵһνĽӴҹǣȥҵĹͼ졣ҲǾʶˡҪˮ뿪ˡ
⻹Ǿʶ˵ġʶĵһ죬͵ڵĸ˹һùڴҵǰ²̨ġ
֮Կ롰ҲҪΪҪľΪô͸СЬǻЦġ˵ˣˮ񲻺ǣͺô
ǲ֪ΪΣˮϵ˵ĺõģҲǲ׵ĵġ
ˣһ¡ʸоЩۣǻµİҪûʲô飬ǶŹôͶȥ˵ĵ͵ġ
һĵãҲһšٴ룬Ҫһġ
ôľã϶˽ܶ˶֪ġþˣһƣǿҲ٣ܹһЩġǴġ
˭û̸ʲôĵõģ˭Ҫ㽻һŵġǵĵֲʺңûá֪ţҴˮһܹ֪ġңҺæԵ÷ǳĲ˵ģֱӿں
Ҳûа취Ҫǫˣñ˾ʵˣѹһͷġҪֱӰѶԷͬ׵ǿߣǲѶԷǿ߿Էǻɵġ
öԷˣöԷɵˣļðݾԽװóɹˡ
ˣҪˣҡһҪˮȥооôֵֹһ䣬Ȼһȵųڴȥ
ˮҶҲתϣߵǶת΢΢𣬾úЩЦոչɫʮֵĺÿģһΡҲǣҲǵģΪˡ
һ˿ٵ߳ԼͬĶһȻֶһЦһһĶǵս˰ɡ
ˮˮֶĽ䴦һü۵ߴк
ˮһ㶣Ȼϳ˴кˡҧгݵľŶԷ˹ȥ
һ˵Ŷ·ءҿˡˮûкȷˣǲ
ܰⲻȳˮôҲֵܹˡ˵ˣˮǴֱʰҪóʲôۺĶҽףҵ鷳ʹ˰ü۵һӣٶҪ嵽һˡʱЦʮֵĻġ
ӵ뷨ҲǶԵġҪˮĸʲôرĶסӵ֮󣬿϶ǻᱻܶıĵ˸ϵġ֮߳鷳ʹȥˡ
ֻҪûһսǶСССķСĽһЩʲôµġ
Ԥ顷Ĺֱӿ㡣ôˮҲ˲ͨһУ鲻ҲΪӡֱӿڸԼļ룬ǿӡ
һĿࡣû뵽Ľס


538 ˳ǣ
ĽףǱȽˣֲ̫⡣õԤ顷һʼҲĽˮӦǴӦˣȴֻа
ӾЩˣЩˡ
ˮôİһ˶һ˾ñŤġܲкã鶼أСģϵЦŨˣһϵٶǼһȥˡ
Ŷӱֵ̫İǿʵʵĵҰˣŴİ˵ġ˵˰һһôҾô顣˵ľ͸ڳһˡˮЦ˵޵Ŀӵ˫֮䡣
˳ˮĿ⿴ȥȻǱԼ˶Ķסˣӻ֪ˮָʲôˡЩļн˫ȡɻǸо˫мĲλЩ
鵽ֻ֣һʵǶĿܣǲȷġϾ֪ⱾȻǶߵĿ̵ҪҲǴеսһı̬ġ
˵Ϊˣһӵ鰡ܹ̾ЧİЩеҵ˵ǸܹܵģҪǵҪܵˡ
úúãҴӦһһһŴԲϳ˾ɥһǴЦһǼģӵЩˡ
ϵļҶһ㶼¡̱ʿһǳϲеġ
ˮҲΪˣϾǹһѾһ˵ע˵ġ
һִӵнӹԼҪġķ˼ҳȻûмļھǶԵϵġ
ˮһֵӵüϣͨʶĲֱӵʶһӡǡ಻٣ǰ벿ݡ
ߣˮҶһ䣬ˮԪ˳ҶʶУٿٵĳ˹ǵĴš
ôһĹˮѾǸӦм޵Ϣ̽طˡˮżҪߣġ
ֻ֮ӰӦΪӵжõģгɶһ֡
෴ģӵǼġЩۣھɫǱ˲ٵġ
ҪԭӱˣһϢǺڰ֮ġҪĹӣͷͱڰ֮ȡˡǲ൱ھǰ͸ڰ֮ô
Ϻڰ֮ǿƪµģǼһ׵ˡ
ҪΪЩԭǾǴ׵ĹΡ
ˮĲڸո뿪󲻾áмӰǴһʮֵĬģԵӽӴҲϻֱ̽ʶ۲ˮµӡǡȵȫֱ֮뿪һȡ
ߣȻˡһȺɵСˡǰϵ˺ָĻдһЩʲôġˮ񷢳һͬʱһ֣ж޵ϵ
֮ǰˮһۣӵһЩֽţһӡǡûʲôЧȴܹ֪ΧһΧڷ顣
Ϊǰ飬ȥӴˡ
ڴҶΪϵİæµʱˮٶȫҶҲʳ˹ǵķΧˡ
ȻˮٶЩ죬ǲûйʲôˣ˵ˣˮɲʲô˶ġسǵǸûйʣװûпһֻ۱һֻ۵ľͰˮҶʸųȥˡ
ǳˡǣǴһ㶼İȻ˵ǴǺڰ֮ûʲôˡ뿪˹ǣˮһֹ˵
֪ôģǹһͲҶҲǵͷͬ˹ǵķΧˣ˵ʲô˵ʲô˵ġ
ҶܾùĸоǱһĸоġ
ҶǾñǺڰ֮ӵĿ¡ڰ֮Ǳһģºķ˾֪ġǹһʴȵǱʲôǾͲö֪ˡôĹİɡ
ΪԼĵλΪùһϵиǿĹиṩֹ֧֮һϵĴѹϵõ֤
УҶʿǸ֪úģֹһεĶɱĵġΪ˲ƻڴеʼǿġ
׻˵ˣеĹҧˡеĹҧ˵ġ
Ҷʾ;ã񣬾һлĹ


539 ػˮǣ
˹ǣˮûôĹ˼ˡֱӴҶ˺գгĴ
ˮ񲻷ģûֱӻˮǡǲϵı任λпռ䴩ÿεķģˮʱŸıķ
ı任ʮΣˮŴµĸӦһ·λֱԼĵ̴ȥˡ
΢΢ĲˮҶʴѿշ϶˳ǰһü˶ЩȻ֪׷ʲô顣
ǽģΧĳƬķݶǵ˵ġԵսĺۼпֲȻɢնǱЩŤ
ֲǻδȫɢĻԪءǲӦˮгֵİ
ˮھסĵطˮԪظŨԾġȻʲôܹ֮ŵģȻ˴ģΧĻԪزǲӦóˮǵġ
ҪǾеı־ԵĽˮޱȵϤˮҪǲԼɴطˡ
ˮˣˮˡ֪˭ۼ⣬˿ͣŵӰϳ˾еһˮŴĺˡ
ˮǻˡ
ˮǵȵĺÿడ
ˮһҪΪ
ֺģԭЩŰ˵鶼Ǽڵĳţܵ۸ĺӣͻȻҵĹһġ
ˮҶ˳УΧǻδȫɢȥİԵĻԪزˮɫˮʮֵķŭ
˭ɵģˮһޱȵɭ䣬ǲġ
ˮĻǻɵġǰûͻȻˣǷһʲôƻʲôˮĵͻȻˣһ֮󣬻ˡһĹڵϣĻشˮĻ
ˮתԼĶˡһˮһ޶ĵܴ˿һơͷʼһֱġ
ˮžҵǼȵĲƽġ֮ǰõȫҪıĺ飬˲ʧˡ
ԼڹǲμᣬɶĻ񣬾ȻԼϳˡ磬ԵǴɣǴ¡
ûһ̵ܹģϵ֮ȫ濪սźšҲ˵˵޼ɵˮĳ׵ľˡһϵˮһϵĽǲݵľ棬ضһܽһס
ˮ΢һ˼Ͱѻ뷨˸˾Ųʮˡ
Ļ񣬵õ˻֮Դ϶ǻǱĵġûһЩǲٴ˵ǰġ
Ǽɵͻ֮ʵȻ֪ͻƵĿǺСġǴҶȥĵġˣҲǻٴγ֮ǰҲǲԻϵһġ
˻֮Դʧˡڻ֮Դİ£ҲܹвĳġʱŸҲûпܵġ
£ϵǾǸӲʱͼŶԸϵһ˵ġ
ˮһĽΣˮǶġһͻƣԲκε顣Ƕˮǻǻмɵġ
ϾߵģĽ˭ܹ˵ء
ô޷ǾҪѹһˮˮϵĿеĵλġˮϵˮô֮ͻήͲ٣ˮսҲǻܵЩӰġ
ˮ˺֡Ǿˮ˵ĵһֻܹʹһΡ
Ѫܹ֮ʹã൱˵սʱƣҲֻʹһΡһǼ֮󣬾൱٣ܱˮһսġ
͵ϮǳɹġȴˮµĶȻһ֮ȴκβʱǺķ˲٣ˡ
ҺúõˣȻӿİѵ˵ĳǽãһʱ䣬Ҵȥɨƽǡˮһݺݵ˵ָؽͣЩˡ
ˮ꣬ˮ޵С
ˮ꣬ˮ޵С
ˮ꣬ˮ޵С
ˮĻش𣬴Ҷ֮ǰܵһɨաһʵ̫ˡ
˭˵ˮˮģˮһаԵһġˮˮģôˮҲǹ̵ˮ˭ҪǸ۸ҲǻԼġ
ˮҲԼĴ㣬ǿ϶ҲˡҶҪŪô϶Ƕˡ
ңˮոյõĶҲҪúõоһµġǸոյõҲҪһµġ
ѧˣˣǰ²Ǹ㡣


540 ˮܷŭ
ˮĶ˵ĵѾǵ˱ıԵˣûа취ٴʹ˵ġ
ȵеıñ˺ҵĲ¼ɣһ㹱׵ġ
ˮһ֣һˮɫƥ׼ȷļ˵ĵ
žһ죬Ӧ顣ȴûƬɢǻŨˮԪأɢˮ֮С
ǲȸоȥЩĻûɢĻԪأҲһ˲ͱų֮⡣
˵˲£Ӧ˵ǲܱ˵ġǻǿĻϵԪͬٿǽĶڻ񹥻ʱܵٵĻڡ
ŨˮԪҲǾȵ͸ⲿ˵ڡɢǿĻ𶾣˻Ǹܵһ
ˮҶʣڴҵĸжУ߽ˮ֮Сһеһе֮⡣
һˮûˣˮͲˡһӣеĳˮȫ˴пֲˮϿյ䡣
ʱ໲ҽиͣģҶҲһֱüͷ϶ദˣ¶Щࡣ
ҪɱôͣҶʿڴȣʵЩܲˡ
һӵˮܶˮϿյ䡣ҶȻǿᣬҲܼܲĴ
ߣˮһߣˮ鶼ֹˡȻһ㣬ɢ·ѾǸɵˮˡ
һӵˮܿľˣǽˮȫ˻
ҲҺˮĹ뷿еһжԼˮ̶ɵġȻĻеһжҪ¸ˡ
Ҷʲ޶Ĳ룬ǲǾΪˮƢꡣľʹеĶ̫ˣԼˮ͡ˮģҲŪˡ
ʵ̫ˣҺûꡣˮŭ˵ԭ峺˫ھڻתŵĺۡһУܹһеġ
Ҳûã˭ҲҲˡ㲻˵һʱҪȥɨƽǵôҲǳˡҶʿȰ⵽
ҲûõġôôķŭѪ񵽻ٵˮǡ
ǻҲûκεʧġ෴ģܵʧȴȫԼҪû֪ˣ˵ῪЦġ
ҶʻῪȰҪԭʵˮһŭ⶯̫ˣȫǿƲס޲Ĺ
ҶʿɲҪ˱˵ĳͲ˵һ㣬Ҷʲô顣
ߣɨƽֻǵһûꡣΪõ˻֮Դܹͳˡǰ̫ܵˡûСԤ顷ǲ֪ҵõˡ룬Ҫ֪Щ飬һ֮ǰİɡˮЦıŪĻġ
һˮ񣬶Ϊеķŭ޸ȼ˻ˡ
ˣǵջСġҪҵڣҪˡˮÿ죬ȥҲ졣ܿͻָ˳̬һĹ龫дӺݻˡʱһĽƻЦݵĶҶʡ
ⶼҶʾЩʵ㲻һˮˡ⻰ת̫ˣҲת̫˰ɡ
ôȥڣ˵ҪҰæûˮȵİɡھҪ˦ƹҸ㣬ûšҶʲӦĺô
ԼһоΪȴҪԼ˼ڤĵҶʾóԿǿˡ
Ҿ֪㲻ӦġôĽƽϣûһŶӵľ񰡡ðɣҳԿһ㣬㡶Ԥ顷йţ⹥һȥɡˮװһܳԿӡȻҶʾܾһָҶʵĶͷϡ
׵йűˮ̻ҶʵԺҪҲ˵ġ
Ҷʱһû뵽ˮ˵ĳ嶯ո˵ˣܱ˴ӦӦˡҲҶ׼ûС
ҪҶʵһʱסԺе˻ʽ춯ôľ룬˻ʽĻ֮£˵ܰˮһ͸İɡ
ˮϰʲô˵ʲô˵ʲôʲô̫ں˵ĸܵġҲ֪ԼոʶľٶԼù
ˮֺǺǵģ˻ڱĿոյõĹҶʣǹճһĨ˵ЦݡûܹҲȻû˿ĵЦаŵ⡣
ˮȥҶʣϥԼˮ֮ϡȡˡʼо
ܿˮҲε֮УûΪҶʻڷоġ
ģˮϢһЩı仯ʼˣǱĮһֳǵĺ䡣ˮǽһϸܵľ


541 ƪ£
Ҷʺܿľ۾Ժеӡȫļˡˮӡˣȡ֮ҶԼʶе̵ļ䡣
Ҷ۾Ϳ˽ǽ˵ˮ񡣻һɺϮҶʶЩ䡣Ҷʶоˣʸǲݲͣײһ
Ҷ֪Ӧþ˵İɡȻûмʶܸоˮڵԪķʽǿȶЩͬˡô˵Ҫǿˡ
оƾӦڣڵķλҶʲżˮҪһʱģеǳʱ䡣
ҶʴоһԤ顷˵ܹѧЩʲô
ʿͰ͵ԼҶʾúЦ쳣ˮ̬ȣҲû˵ҪʡҪԼˮˣ֪ʻɳһЩʲô硣
ҶҲһʳָĴʵüСʵʹУҶʰѸո˵飬ҲӡʵԺС
ʰһԵ׵ĹطҶʿٵȥӦšܹ⣬ȫһ㲻ӡԼԺо
ȻûȥϸϸᣬֻİѶӡԼʶҶҲЩͷ͵ġһͰѹʵǰҶҲ۾ʼԼ
Ԥ顷Ĳһ飬ĳƺ·ϣˮΪ˴ʱ䣬ҶʽһЩĴš
ҶʻЩŵģ⴫ʵЩˡ
ΪĴԤԼңսķʽħʦһ㡣ǿصĴˣȻǿ˵ǷǳĴġ
ֻҪǿ壬ܿסԷĹٶȼ죬öԷ޷һ֮󣬶ԷǴ׵ĸԲ˴ˣǿˡ
ЩͬոսʱҶʾһֱ˼˼ħʦԴйء
Ҷ˼磬ϵħʦٻĻ˼ΡϢҶڻĻ񽣵Ϣһġ
ҲЩħʦĿֻ֮꣬ǰѾˣѾ벻ˡ
ôħʦҲǰҲǻԪ壬дġ
ħʦԤʦͬĵطԤʦǶشоļ֣ȫעġй֮ϣҲûһĴķġ
顷˼£Ƕ죬ܹıСΧصĹ򡣵Լм
ҶʶԡԤ顷ĿֲŲˡǴеԤʦǲǿҪǱˣҪôǱ˿Ŀµĵط
ĿǰĴǺߡϾԤʦսʽ̫ڵĹŹˣûܹȫŪ׵İɡ
ԤʦսصĴΪСңǶԷ˵ģܵԷıġ
ҶʵǿᣬܹƵ뷨ġҶҲЩͷۡԤʦѲ
ҶܹƵ뷨ǶԷҲˣܸıСΧĴĹһܹ߽Ҷʴĸַģ޷߽⣬ܹܿ쵽ġ
ҶȴġأҶԼصĹġ˻˲֪ãǻԤʦֵӵľԶġ
ûǿģֻʺԼġ˵ˣ˻ʵĹԤʦϼصĹ˭ǿ˭˵
ֻ˵ߵƶ̫ǿˡһҪ˻Ѫ˲ܹתĹһûҪʲôʣǶҪ󼫸ߵģѧѾİɡ
ǹƪ£Ҷʾ;ȤˣʮֵĸȤȻûӦĹϣۿۣǴ򲻳ϼصĹġ
Ҷʲ⣬ΪҶʷһԼ𾪵ĶϵĽܶǿʽȻ˵ǸıصĴɱС
ҶʻǸоӰӡһļ£ռһʱǡãҶʶᡣ
شôռģܵʱԼġܶôǿĴʱһãȻǻġ
⡶Ԥ顷еĹֶΣȻû漰ʱռ䣬мҵһϵ㡣Źǹţ辶߳һڲͬ·
ͬʱõ˿ռʱ䷨ҶʣȻ˵ĶֻһЩƤëǴʱ˿Ѿȫ˵ġ
˼ϵĹ֮缢ƿʵƴšȻ˵ûģս϶ǲܹͬնˡ


542 зִ磡
ˮУˮĹ뷿Сһ䷿飬ȫͷСģʹһͷ˼Ķ
߿˵һһˣΪСʿе˻壬츳֮
һӵ飬ûӴ˵ûκεֻйʱ򣬱Ϣĵżŷ졣
ȫץʱ򹦷ϵÿһǷӿ˾ɫŮӣǽ͵õϹǳԻӵʳ
ѵõпʱ䣬úõܽᣬҪǲúõǼֱǰ׳յˡ
һµʱ䣬г˹ûӴһ˿ֻǷеԽԽ͵ˣ䶼һ
ͻȻ䣬ˮϢǿʢ޶һеƵУͻȻθ˲١
˫˫նǱ⼫ĿѿˣһЩϸܵڵơ
ѹˮ񳣳һϢתΪƽôˡǱס˵գֻˡ
ˮչеѸٵĻǶϵһĶˮ
ҶҲˮѺ󲻾ã̵˫ۡȻ˵ûˮϢôԣоâҲʲôջûеİɡ
ҶʵǶǹǿ͵ģȻˮʱĻ仯˵ľң˭ܹȵȥˡ
ˮȻǸıΧĻȴûɱûйԣҶûбѵİɡ
ˮһۣͿҶҲۡǷڵϵȷǻûжģҶǸûо
ˮҲ⣬һʼ뵽ġ֪ˮǰѶҶõĹ˭˵ûҶҲʱչеء
Ҫ˽ܣҶ˵̫ڵļһ㣬һ㼼ûеġ
˻򽻵˲٣ıʲôĶǽӴġܹض£ӦԷϢġ
֣ڣеֲ١ֻҪʩֶΣܹĸӦڣڵطġ
һſŷڵϡҶҲٻ˽Ӳӵ˻ʽ
Ҷ˻ʽеһ໥ƴĲƴҵͣġһжͽ͡
ô˻ʽɢĽԣУôҲҶ𲻿ֺġ
Ҷʱ۾ǳе˻ʽСŬĸӦ˻ʽϢǶǴϸӦľ
顱һ죬ı˻ʽѹƣԼԼ飬˷䡣˻ʽĹԸסˡ
ǣȻƬڣϢȷʵٵɢУ˿һ̼ͱһصķ
Ҷ۾̸һʲôûиӦʲôûв׽
ָովԵ֣ܹڲĵʶиӦЩҪĶġԵĶҲܹӦ˻ʽϢ֪̽ͷԻ٣Ҳıѹơ
ϧһٵҵġҶ̾Ϣһһʹı顣
ҶȷʵǴ⡣ȵõԼҪˣǾͰⶫͳȥһ㻨áٴʱƻڲoǾνˡ
ваҪŵ㰡ֻôѡҪǶŪˣǾûطȥһЩˡˮüͷҶʡ
ⶫ˵ǻǮİȻˮòЩãǻˮرġòʱһЩüֵİ
İɣзִġҶҲӣû˵
⻹зִ簡ȷʵзִ磬ѳɵƬСôһһġǼƷˮˣصƬûк˵
ôķϻء˵зִ磬Ϳ϶зִİиõİ취ҪҶʾԼܵˡ
Ϊ˻ʽᴫݸҶʸӡƬΡ󲿷ֶǹġҶʿԱ֤ԼҪ˵˽⣬Ǿû˸˵ʮ˽ˡ
Ըǹ飬ҶǾԵȨʿǲٵġ
㡭ˮ˵˾ʵҶʸˣҲȷʵûиõİ취ֻˣðɣҿʲô취Ҫ˵㡣
ˮֹ˵ţȻһԣͷҲŤһߣ۲Ĳġ


543 ʣ
顣
顣
顣

ҶѾʮֵСˣǻ޷ҶЩǱȺܶ˶Ҫйˡ
Ϊȥ踺أ٣Թ͵ЩԵ뵱ĸҵġֱҶʶЩܲˡ
ǣҶЩԼЩ޽ڲٵĻ쵰ͬΪǻˡѪ飬кܶ඼ЩҶʾЩ̡
ǣڵҶ˵ǵĲЩеoĸеĽڲ٣ǻǡ
һʲôǰ;һ쵽ľֻ֪ɱɱɱģʲôõġԼǰ;ȻԼôҲԵʮֵ׸
ǲԼԼӦڣʲôطʲôϵֲ˵ȥ˵ǳǡ
ȻҶʵıԹѡЩ뷨Ҳֻ롣˵ЩҲǲģᱻˮʿ񾭲
ǰֻһˡҶʽˣЩѰ졣
ҪŪˣľ鷳ˡ֮ǰҶʿ˵ʲôûиӦġҲ˵ҪһεĻỹûаպõĻ֮ǰŬͻ룬ĳ˻ˡ
һ㣬ҶҲʮֵ鷳֮ǰڲo˵Ǹոģ൱ĴһԻˣôoʲô¡һѣȻҪǿϲ١ŪˣҲܹ׽ֲoġǣoǿˣҲÿư
ҶʵǰֻһѻƵĴˡһֻ˵ͻƵܹоһ׿İԵϢ
ҲҶʾüֵĸԭڡѵҶʶҶҲǾʶˡôһЩĽӴҲ˵Եˡ
˼ʱɽУڣǿѻƵġ
ʱѵǷŴУֻ¶سˣγһͷͻͷ񵶱壬Ҷʳ˲ٵĿͷġ
⻢ƵȻ¶ҶʵУ˵Ƿˮת
ǲ֪ΪʲôƵȻСڣжŵϺŵĶԭǲӦõİڵͰǰ׷ʲôΨһ֪˺ֲڣ˭˵ء
ӦӦҶǺҪϼġ
Ҷһᣬ˻ʽ͵˻Ƶĵϡ
ˮʩӵķӡ˲ͱǰԵĽ忪ˡ
𣡡һ𴫳зӿˮĵУȻӲĸ˼ˮ
ߣˮһߣû뵽һȻҲԼǰġȻ⻢ƵˮЩľȴóеʵ
һӣˮ˽µˮأٴλָƽ
ƵˣԭسһͷֵͻͷϵһǴӡһǡ
ƵȻǱӡסˣܹ֪緢һСҶʿ˵ǽĻȥļͬ飬ûƵǷŭҶʻͷȥˣôƽ
ⲻոƳӡ뵶һչֳǿ״̬ɱͷսӵĿֲҲҪյĶ࣬Ūܴġ
ͻȻʮֵķŭŭȴ޷Ҷʵ׼ȷ˵޷˻ʽѹơ
㳼ҡҲڣںηңһ㡣һãһЩϸԳԣɱҲǲԡһ㳬ҲǲԵġҶʼ˻ʽܹѹסƵһ
ͻѾǣŲǻۣܹöҶ˵ʲôġҶʿڹƻţҪƵѱ䡣
ΣұһֱһֱǶйһ˿ȻҪѱ䣬ֱǿЦ˻ʿ˵޵УһŵùĻôͻſϣԣͲΪ
ŵùҲҪţŲҲҪšҺ̹ףİ취ôҶҲֱ˵һʵ顣
ƵˣҲ˵ˣǱСˣǴĳҰԵɱ˫ۣҲǲϵ˸Ȼ˼
ҶҲ׷ʣе˻ʽĵȴŴ𰸡ҶʿͻϵˣôоôСҪʵĻҶҲһٿġ
ΣͻȻͻ˫ٴα÷һǾҵš
ǴŵĿУһɫɳֱȡҶʡ


544 ˻ʽס
Ҷд󺧣һİë亹
ɫɳ֮ǰҶʿϸ΢ĶѵȻʮֵϸСǱͻŭС
ⲢûڸǵĶҶʵĶУǾе÷Ŵ
ҶʿԿ϶һͻˡԼԼı۶˲֣³ˡ
ϡɫײҶʵĶͷϡ忰ҶʵֵסˣҶҲˡ
üĳһѪۣ˽ӲӵѪҺѪҺܿԽҶʵı˵Ĺ֣ǣ˳°͵δ¡
Ҷʴ֮£Ȼˡô꣬ҶܹƿĴָġҪϽһΣһ˳Կˡ
һǱֳֵͱһ͸ڶǴ֮£ƵԻƵķ˶ͷ
ϡɫҶ֮ҲҶʾ˵ķ赲סˡ˱ˮһˮϣһĽײĲ
Ҷ΢΢ͷǰѩĵ⡣Ϊ̫ٶ̫죬ײ˸Ӽ̵Ҷʵϡѵĵ΢΢м𣬾Ĳˡ
ǵڶα˵˰ɡãܺãõĺܡ´μ棬ҲҶкǷŭҲ֪ԼĴ⣬Ƶ͵Ϯ
ӦҶԼĴȽ϶İɡոһ£ҲҺԼǿᡣҪǻһ˵Ļ»ֱӱԴİɡ
˻Ųǻʣܹ˾Ͳǻһѣʲôûˡ
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˵˻ʽĻ־塣仰һֱУǲ֪滹Ǽٵġ
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ģҪˡʶȥ̽飬ȥӦȴл֣ᷢÿһͼζġǻ档
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ͻ߽岿֣ȴûɢžгȥա
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צͻȻǷյӣȴ֮ǿưܵг˳ʱͻ˵ҫ財
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Ҳ˵ҶȻǻǻһЩġϾΪأ˵ĶԹ㲻ôġ
ðɣʵͻĽֶעֻһˡҶʲʱѹסԼŭ𣬰ͻ΢Ӻ˶ѡ
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Ŷ˼֪˻ˣҶǲûˮڿֱ࣬ӰѶԷĲˡֱԼȤصȥˡ
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ˮôЦôҶҲ̫˼Ҳǲ໰ġ
ʱˮѾϤˣҶǿˡˮҶսϤҲʲôǿϤǿ߿϶ǰˮҪˮչԼģȻʱôԼ˵ݡ
Ҫ˵ʲôһʣ˵ҶʰæûضĻҶǸŵˡƨһʣˮͶȥˡôõ£ƣ֪ҶʵĶٱġ
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ˮ˵ˮڣ֮СҪҶʲܹȡ
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ˮһֱ˵ԭҶʷ˲ԵĵطҲû˵ƣԼûл
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ҶȻĪҲˮ񲢲ôģҲֻˮĸʹȻˣûȥ롣
ȻѾ֪˵ص㣬Ҳ֪˰취ǼõġҪԽżĶְ˰ʲôģǿ϶ǻûĸ㵷ҵġ
Ҷں޲̵ϵһ·أػصĿôغϵġ»ǼõİôҪһʱııġ
ҾѾûбչصıҪˡµõĹѾǳˣֻ֮ҪתڵԪͿˡˮҶ˼ʱҲĵһԣһֱûӴڴš֪Ҷʵָ峺ˣſ˵Լ뷨
Ҳûʲôġ֮ǰֻǹԼľ磬Ȼӡ֤һĹطҲǱƽˣǲǸҵˡҶҲͷʾҪˣˮûһġ
ҾðɣҶԸոյõ黹졣뻹ҪʮµģܹСɡȻǶչһʱˡԷȷıԼ
ʻһЩƤëռģҶתڵģԶԶûҶʱֱӴڵ̡ʱʸƤëᣬҶǱȵĹǿеĹעȥġʣȻľûĴˡ
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ȻˣҲͲˡˮҶڣϢɢҵעṩ˺ܺõ
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˸ϵ֮̽⣬ˮϵǷǳĿĵġϾԼһϵǿ󣬶˵ҲкܶĺôġԺߣ˶ֱͦһЩˡ
ҵǡڲãǾҪˡƱҪϴˢǵĳ裬ѻǵʹȥУѾڣķλءǳҾͽͨصĵ·γУģڣеıڴҵĹע֮£ˮҶʵĹƻ֮£Ľš
߿ǺŮӵȴˮǶˡ
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ˮ꣡еˮϵ鶼ߺ仰ȻһԼ顣
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548 ǣ
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˼ĺôҲ˼ѡҶʻЩˣֻһ㡣ǵģֻһ㡣

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Ϊͬ飬ҲΪˮŵµı̫ڵˡˮе飬Щ˲ٵˡ
п˵ɽ˺ˣֻվŵλáŶԣҪ˵ŵˡ
ҶôҲԭġôģҪȸһЩʱĶ԰ɡˮǵ̽ӻȥĿϢ߸Եӡ
Ǹһ裬ŵҪڶһͨ˴һӣŵºôЩȻǻһֻۣһֻ۵ˡ
ȥǴŲᱻֹĪ棬ҵˡ
Ϣȥĵ졣ˮǴĴ˵ġʵˮЩˮУԵĺãȵĺã˯ĺá˽ǹĲġ
Ҫһʱģǲòˡ
Ȼһֱûг棬ˮеˮ˵һˡѾҪΪˣˡ
ÿ컹ˮϵ˷ҪμεʢᡣעĻᱻˮϵĴ¼е¼ÿһˮϵ鶼ҪԲμӵġ
ǳеĽֵվˣҲ˼ˣǿôˡҪٽһЩվƱûˣֻƱˡôɣǵȻ˶ˡ
ҶİشҶѾȵü˰ɡҲͲ˵ʲôϻˡǣˮò׵ƿˮĴţ˼䣬Ȼһȵĳ
ʵûпյˣˮΧšڶˮ𾴣û˸Խġ
ԽԽ֮࣬ǰˮеľͱ˽ˡǱˮĴˣĸסˡ
Һô⿪ģҶʵİ£ƷһȺˡҪڿĻˮһǣֱӱ˵˰ɡ
ˮȵĳ˳ȥˣҶҲٵĳ𣬽ˮߡˮΧҪȫһЩʵݣδˮݺõˡ
ˮҶǶˣٵķԶȥˣһСڵˡ
еҲٵж³˾ͱˮǸԶ˵ġ
һǽһĻյġǹĻȳһ޶һ棬ܶ鶼ûмĴ档


549 ˮ֣
ˣˡѾǲ֪ˣûзԵͬϵĴģе¼ˡ
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ҪˮǹųߵսʵǴעءǲͲ˰
ˮôֳҪǴһϮһʱ֮䣬ϵ޷֯㹻ȥˮġ
ˮ˵ʲôʲôģĿǰҲûбҪûǸʵȥս𣬰ĸִƵġ
ˮֻҪȥǳһڶⶼ۸ͷˣҪǾôʻȥˡȲ˵ԼܹܲܵסԼͽԼ޷Լ˰ɡ
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ǣ뷨õģʵʵġƢٱ꣬Ҳ֪ڳʱġ
ˣˮźѹѹĴѹʱ򣬶ûп֡ϢˮûиӦġ
УҲ͵õϢ֪ˮϴٵˡǣһֵС֮⣬Ȼǡ١ġ
ʵƷζ˿ٶ࣬ҲƶߣԶԶǳƲϷٵġ
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֪Լ񣬴񡣱ûзʲô飬ǻϵˮϵۣҲºֵİɡ
Ȼˣˮʱ򣬻ϵ黹Щĵġ
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ˮƻڿлӶʲôϷˮһ㡣ҲʲôԪˮһӡ
һٴ١ˮԪ۶ɵģȴмǿĹ
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䡱һ죬ķ衣ǽͻȻ̮ȥϸС
ǻеĻϵ飬ˮˮϵ飬ȫѻȸˮĴֱʸסˡ
ҶҲЩԾǵĳǽȻʲôõʯͷҲǼӲޱȵġ̺пֲĻԪأˮ˵ġ
ˮһ֮£Ԫ˲ʧǽ΢


550 ҶʵĲ²⣡
ǵĻϵ鶼ǴסˣͬʱһǲʲôĶǻϵ鶼ųһ亹亹ոͱȵϢˡ
Ҳ˵һȫԼĺˮɣˡ
ⲻ˵ų෴ѾǺܼǿˡϢˣ˲䣬ϵ鶼оΣˡ˵Ǹо˷ı䣬˲ĸо궼Ҫһ㡣
ģǼǿˡˮ飬ҲǾüڵ͵ˮԪ˲䱻һ㣬ڳһ壬޷
Ҫˮڹؼʱϳһס飬ӵȥˤ֪Ҫˤ˵ġ
һ̣ˮϵ鶼̵ĹأĤݵĳ嶯ˡڿУԵʺϵġ
ϵ飬ȻǱûйأǼǿˡ
ҶҲܡԸ״̬бܵĿܣģ忪ʼеķ⡣
ҶʵɢĽ⣬ǱˮϢѹȵֻΧһ㣬ɢȥʿңֻ岻嶼ɫޱȵ졣
ֻⲿܵ˴̼вġڵԪл࣬嶼˳صļ
ҲҺǱˮϢסˡҶʵϢҲûгȥûбҸܵҶʵʵȻĻݾĪľͱ¶ˡ
ڿҶʵ쳣ʻ˵ðֻʵˮ뵱ˮӰ졣ҶʵҲЩ쳣Щоͳˣ츳˵ĴڣȻôͬʱˮϡȻЩ£Щֶεġ
ϢҶʷɢڵĲʵʱˮͬʱߵĶ
ҶʿˮһۣˮûٴγֵĴ㡣סڵеķ
ʿˮһֿۣҶһۣͬʱԼҲһҧҲܾ˷
Ǳܶ˵ĸоٴδĵӿܿľˡ
ˮһԼϢƽڵԪҲǱˮܿƽ
еĺԼǲûΪûˮļʩΪʧġ⳹ǵĺ䣬Ǽ򵥵ĻԪسˢܹġûлֻеȺеɢġ
ҶǳһղǺܡΪݱȽ⣬վλȽϿǰ
ԭݣλȴĥˡվˮˮ񹥻ʱȻǳҶʵġǹನҲߺܲˡ
ҶЩɻȻǿǿ׵ĵزأȴ˼غǻоȵĹΪ
ܸо˵׵ΪǲġҪǿЩǶΪõʲôԪصϿɵİɡ
ǰֻиŵĹơԻʱΪһεľ룬һԪصķΧԵĹ
ԣҶȻֱĹȴֻһŵĹơ
Ķǿϵľô͸˼翪սôЩǱȲ˼ļеİҲӦĲźá
û뵽ҶʱԼĹ˼ά˿ȥˡ
ȥ˼磬ȥͱǿħ˻ǿ˼Ĳ̵ֵġ£˼
磬ҲǱϵġʲôطǿϲǲ϶һЩŵĵûг֣Ȼʲôȥ˼ļġ
뵽һУҶʾЩΪոڵĺûɢǷԹĺ䡣
ΪˮϣܹЩŵǿߣ᲻һеء
ԼʵûзʲôˡֻҪԼ̫ˣЩ˾ͻһĳԼֱӸɱˡ
ҶʵʵͳˡҪһսʵҶʻôʾô˼·һַ˰ɡ
ҶҲˡļ£һûҶʵӰֵġǳ̨ǰǳĻһ߻ߡ
Ҷ׿еڲʱȻҶʸո뵽Ҳͬһ鷳¡ǣǰҲһ鷳顣
֮ǰ޼ɵǵҡͨ˸ոһеʱҶʾЩͷ۵ˡ
ǲֵ̫ˡҪǴӰŵ˵ĵߣǻ᲻һҶʿˣҲǣҲǡ


551 ֻ׼
ҶЩͷ󡣵ˮϵȴǺ˷ܵģĳƽʱֻпİ
ˮ꣬ˮ޵У
ˮ꣬ˮ޵У
ˮ꣬ˮ޵У

ݵľ֮ˮϵ鶼ǿٵƽˡһĶģĺţҪԼеļ˷ܶһ
ϣˮһ֣һȺˮϵͶ໽ų˳ȥ
ԽˮʱһĶе߷ɢһһҵĳ˻ǵ࣬ҪһԻǵİС
ǲǲ̫õİɣҶЩùģЩǴġҪִˣŷڵĵڹĿ϶ˮҶġ
ʲôõģݻôġ֮ǰ㲻ǺܿĵôҾͲˣ˵Ӧϲɵİˮһ£֪ҶôͻȻı뷨ˡ
ô˵ϲҲȫȥɵİҪѹѹ˵ڹĶϣȻѾƨɣⲻûжôҶʲֱ˵ԼˣǹĨǵĻ˸
ֵİⲻҶʵ·İʲôֱ˵ˡˮЩˣֵҶ˵˵ȫǶԺĲصı֡
֮ǰҪֱ˺ͨ˼Ŀӣôĳȥûʲô֣ҶòҪʵ̫ڵˣ˵ᱻʲôõͼ
ȻᣬôȥôǻСҪЩʲôˮ¾ҪҶʵǰչԼϢжôͨʶжôĹ㲩һ˲˹ĿҶʡ
ûʲô㲻ֵ̫ôҪǻϵ鱻ˣǹǴӦҲǻϹŶʰİɡҶаһȻԭûôļ򵥡
ܰҰ˼飬ôܾôļ򵥡յ̫ˣ˼ܹһЩ̡ôûһЩ̵ء
֮ǰҶʰ鿴̫ڵļˡ˼ˮжôҶʶ͸ġҶһ֪磬ôǱϵӵء
ֻͷ̫ڵˡ˼粻ܶôǿˣûеõƺġȴһӳôǰҶʸȥ˰
Сӣа㡣ԭֻΪȽϵçײȽϵĺáദһʱ䣬һôΪˣֻһЩСˡû뵽Ȼ뵽ôĶࡣˮҲǷӦ˹ЦЦ˵
ûĻشҶʵĻҶҲûȫ˵һ˫˸Ե˼Ѿ㹻˵ģЩ黹ûбҪ˵̫ڵ
İɣ㵱Ϊһȫ˻ϵһģЩϿһֻ۱һֻۣҪͷûӦġ֮ǰڳ֮ǰųڣϢҲʾʾƽ⡣ˮ΢΢һЦǸҶһЩʵ顣
ȻҶʵĵǷǳˬģǿˣҲδȤ
ûоԵĵǶʵ֮ǰˮôͷû˻ϵľˮͿ˵ûˡʣеһ鷢ġ
ˣֻ׼׼ɱġֻ׼ˣ׼ɱˡֻҪûˣôҶǡʲô飬ˮҶšԼѾǵ˻֮ˣͷӶѾǳˡˮһһ¹ɡ
ˮԸˮϵһ˵һƬ¡¡ġ
ˮϵչֳ˷ǳרҵĳҵı£Ĭĳ̶ܹĳ쳯ĳǹܶյġ
ȴҰҰĽӣҲŸƻлûжлϵ顣ûеĻֱ˳һӡеĻǱı׵ĸ˳
ֻзִģֻ׳жȫֵġ
ܿģеû뿪鶼˳˻еĿյϡ
ΪԭԵĻԿյкܶģȻĻһǵ鶼˳վµġ
ϵ鶼ۼһˣȻͺðˡ
ˮϵҲǷֳ룬һǿЩϳ˼ŵĻϵ顣һȥģƻһĳǳٽ
򵥵ķֹ֮жͿʼˡһˮϵ飬ѣеĹ˿Աְλ
һ룬߸˵һɢˡĳ˾ͽķ֮УʼɨĻ࣬ڷ


552 СŮ
ҶǶϵȺһѵϡ
ʱϷֹȷûгʲôʲôִһӾɢˣ˸ԵĿꡣ
飬˳ĳ˷֮СȻε顣
ªʵ̫ڵļªˡóڻûˮеˮϵ飬ǲϰߡҪ֣֪ʲôֱȽϺõġ
ҪһЩֵǮĶǷֺûʲôֵǮӡǵУʲôǿ۵ġǵճƷͲһεġ
ͬ飬ôôĴءĴԸ񣬶ԻлϵӰ죬Ĳǵѵİ
ÿһûʲô׷󣬶ϸûʲô̫ߵҪУǵùҹİɡ
ȫһЩ˵ˣ˵ʵһУĺ񶼲Ҫˡ
ֲû뺷ֲûϵսձҪһЩġ
Ҫе鶼ϵһſɮһûˡ
ˮϵ飬ڸ׼ķУ۾ɨһȦȦȦüȦģǿʲôֵƻĶ
мʲôƿƿ޹޵ģ۾һȫѹߣٵĳ˷֮⡣
һţͿԱߵķУͬͬٵĳ˳Ȼѡķ᲻һǴеսƷͬġ
ÿһˮϵ飬ӷгжƿƿ޹޵ġ
ҶһۣȻ˵ͷͬʱеĹӸ߾٣͵ǳ˵Ļ
ˮ˵ܴϵ飬׸Ķº֡Уڳ׸棬ûм׳ˡʣ׳꣬ĥý࣬ٵˡ
ʵûзйָȥƻһµģȴû뵽˸˵顣Ŀǰֻаַʽйȥ

һƬһЩƵƿƿ޹ޣôôˤءǱˤ˸ϸ顣
ǣһɶҲ֮ɢ˳ζ˰Ѹҹ³ˡÿһ¸ɾˮУЩˮϵŵôŨĳͱѬ˺Щġ
裬裡ǳǵķУôǵҹóˡһһԺĿɰСŮһԵĸס
֪ҪİɡСŮĸȻҲŪЩˮϵ뷨ҵķš
ǴôƯԭҲôĿǰȫҶ·ˣһҹҪˡҸȻĲôÿǳԴҲǲóġСŮ˵һĿģһĶˮϵͬ顣

һ𿴹ܵˮϵ飬պþһĸŮԱߡСŮĸ׵ĶԻǿ˵һֲȫˡ
ǲͣĳ鴤֪ҪЦҪޡеİɣʱǽ֯һġ
ȻΪָͬôôˣĻͬεͷˡǿһɫ԰׵εˣһҹεģҪЦ
СŮΪȫҵ·װˡҲ˵һ£·ʲôûˡСŮˣҪޡ
ģܲˡʲôֱܡһֿǿһˮϵ飬԰׵ɫܿĻظѸٵĴӵԶǳĵطһ
ǣҲܲˡ
ǰʲôûУʲô
Լ취硭

һȺ˿ٵˣȻɿж˲˶־̵ıö־ˡ
裬ǺûȻƵǵķӡһǼзס
Աߵˮϵʹͷ亹һͷĺߡԼˣûа취һС۵ġ
һȺ˵ˮϵʹǲġֱЩ
һȺ·ĲǨߣɿľͰѻеļªķᶼˡǲƵ˾£ǰѲĲ϶ۼһ
裬ҪʲôҲô
ӣվĽϽˮϵʹҪסˣ°ĭǾϵĴҪǲۣܺԲеĻĺҪͱԼĶ䡣
ǵģһȺˮϵʹֱǳԱûɡѲģõĲϣõһ
Ȼ󷢻ԼƣԼǶصķ񣬿ʼڷϵľ͵ؽһʱ䣬ƹƹҵͣҶɵȻġ
ʰߣ֥鿪ڽڸߣһȺˮϵʹЧʸߡһݵĳοٵγɡ


553 ʲô
ȻȻ߽ޣȻ١ˮϵϢʹŲǰġ£Ҳܹѷݸġ
Ȼ깤֮һȺˮϵʹǲôġǰ£ӣҲǲˣǽþˡ
ۣ裬ǽ췿ӣ׬Ǯôֱ˵ͺõôıءСɰŮʹ۾жðǣ۾һգգĶǸ߸ߵĽ
ΪʱޡңЩˮϵʹҲܻϵÿһһݵġ͸ɴŪһġ
ռذǵġҲ˵Ļǣһ뻹ǵͰҵķӡһ룬ǰĽϵľްԡ
ֱһǱˣƵġҪЩˮϵ鶼г򣬻޷ѳǱôĸߵġ
ǱԭϣеĻʯȻˮϵʹרΪҵŪճˮճ϶ɣĹģ
ǱˮϵޱȵļªģڻϵУȷʵ뵱ľ˵ġûһ죬ԼסլҲܹӵġ
Ǳڲķ䣬˴ڣԭλýûʲôġͬʱɰеסȫûκεġ
Ǳ֮ˮϵ黹ǸоЩƣ͵ġȫȫͶ뵽ҵȥȻ첻ʱı仯һѹ;ȫʢЩʹʹġ
ϵһ𾪵Ŀ⣬һݵĿ⣬һĿ⡣ˮϵ鶼ǳһڶԼǿڱ˵ݺݵĸ˶Էһ¡
ָоЩ֮ƮƮȻҲΪͻ֮ƮƮɡ
Ĭϵ鶼ĬˡֻǶǰǸߴĽֻǶԭӦóڱеĳǱеĻϵ鶼Ĭˡ
׻˵ڳĬбڳĬϵ𱬵ӣڳĬбˡ
Ӣۣʵ̫л˰
ˣô
ˣ˰ô˰

ˮϵԤϡеĴͷɥеûп
Ǽ˷ܣǸж¡
ϵʵ̫ˣҸˮ֮ǰûұϵæ졣ǶܲǵĻ𱬵ӣֱӾͱˡ
ȻͲ֮ˡ֮Ҳû뷨ˡУҲҲʵѡæġ
죬ˮϵˡһոޱȰݵӣˮϵǳǿơ
ֱӰǸɳ˼԰ǶۼһԭΪˮϵġ
û뵽ˮϵĽڲ˵ĸУϵ鶼ǡ
Ⱥ˶˵ֱӾͳ˷м飬һЩΪֵǮĶǲҪҵģֻֻһʱûȡҹŵ˵ϵġ
ܿģȷ˷ûֵǮĶˡǾƵ˷ݡڷ֮æµ
ܿģռݰǵĸߴĻĳǱڷ֮Ͻˡ
ڵĻϵе뷨еĻϵе뷨ǾЩԭӦǶˮϵ飬ֱĴ֮ģǵġ
ǣףͷ͵Žһ룬߻У߻СҪǾۣǿԼְѷӲҪʲôϣ˵һ£ǲʱעġϵУһĺšʱĿǸߴĳǱߵͰĳƬĺᡣļңǡþİߣôеˮϵֵġ
ߣ˰ɡǽӦסĵط㿴ǣԭסĶһЩʲôˮϵУиϷǳӣǳһˣԻϵޱȵıӡ
һǣһǳǱһƶߣֱĶԱȵİ
ǣҲסĲ֪ʲôǿĶ֣Ҷʵǿȥˣ̫ûˡ֮ǰڵĻϵٴοˡҲ˵ǹάʵʵ˵ˡ
ˣҪϢһ¡һߣǵͬȥŪˮϵͷϸܵĺˮһ߻شһ䵱صͬ齻Ź
ܿͽˡϵУЩÿȥЩⲻȥҪȥæġˮϵ鲻ãһʱҪ׵׵ıһ¡ڶǾЩ³˰ְŵģﶮʲô
ܿƵˡµĳǱܿľԭλϽˡͬռݰǣͬǸߴޱȡ
Ǳ֮䣬һĵ·ֱͨǻǵĴš


554 ޷ӵģ
ˮϵȻҪ۵ſˣڻϵĳݵĿУǿͦšеģǻԺ˫˸ŵģĽ
Ⱥϴ֣ʲôʲôƨǽþסĵطȥһǵɡһˮϵվǰֺ˵ޱȵĿ
ǻϵȴûзǾûдǰǲǸסĵطֻûа취ʱˡ
ˮϵ˵һĶģһ㶼ûйֵġϵ鶼ЩϢˮϵǫˣȫû˵ϡԼǰסĵطһġ
Ҳȥǵġܲ˹ߵĹϵʹ˵ʲôнǣȻӻˡ
ҵļһιеѡʱֻһ뷨Ҳ˰ɡ
бͻ񣬶Ѽֱ̫ˡȻǿ϶ûлռģǾ̶ȣԶԶġ
ȻԭҪĻ˻ȥˡԭҪ˵ԼӣҪ˵ԼǴģǻǵġ
ԼǳеõĽ˵ѣ˵ĳǴǳء
ڻϵ޵۹УǱ˵ҲԶԶѵġأܵ˽ϵƣӣҲǷǳ˵ġأűȻǼ࣬ȴȱٴһʤ˵ġ
ǾͲһѣ޵ôĴ˰
õĺõģллˮϵͬǾȽȥˣҲûʲôܹдǵˣǾͲ˰´ϵҲ˹άţеҪȥ¼ңĸߵ˼ˡ
ߣ˭ǵͬǵˣˮݵģסˡߣˮϵһȻͷ
ˮϵ໥Ŀ˿ҲȷʵûıҪˡˣأҲųˮڵķ˹ȥ
ˮϵ飬ǵصĺѹѹƵԭеļªĽѸٵոµϢĽεض
ˮϵһ̶ͣȫǻȳһǵصԶȥˡһոµĻǣһΪֵĴ˵
ˮϵôȥģҲôġֳţԽˮߣȻˮ£ˮ
٣ոûпǸϵʹӿҵ̫ĻˣҶЩܲˡ
ʲô벻ʮĶҿ
ǶˣһֱŶ˶ҿ˳̫˧˾ûа취ô㣬˶㲻š
ˣ


һȺˮϵʹǸʲô˲õĴһȻӰˮվţȷʵ̲סߴߴͣġ˵ԼĴӵľ
˵ĸˣȫûпǰɫޱȵģֱǲĹһڵĴ⣬ڵҫۡ
ˡҴǸʲôˣˮʵȥˣһŭ𣬴ӵȺ
ȻǵãйġˮϵǶǻʵʵĻشţ֪ôĪľǵˮˡ
˭㽨ģ޷ӡˮӵˣȺȻˮϵģӲӦǽˮ˵İ
Ƿйˣûʲôܹҵġ˵ץжͺݺݵĴ򡣽Ⱥ˵жˡˮϵ˵һӵĻոյĺ鶼Ǳ˵ġ
ǾͰ޷ӣˮԼԴЩˣ治֪ЩԴеʲô߼˼ά
ǣˮ㿴ǼªĲϣǶŪԭأֱһϣһ˵ģͬնǰǱ˸̫ˡûпǿǲ֪жôĳݡҪߵʱ򣬻ǳǣֱë˵ոյ飬ˮϵǾеĻ˵ˡ˵ſھϲġ
ǲëȫëˮҪô˵һ䣬һ룬ԼҲˮϵģǰԼȥô룬ˮˡ
ˮȴụ̂ȥӱˡ˸˶֪
ҪһȺѵͶǲȡκαͷ˭ζЦ˵İɡкôռ˵βŹ֡춼߻˳ɨһǿԵġ
Ƿ˵˵ѣǾ͵ûˣܹܡ


555 ˮͣ
س̣ˮһ𣬴ҶѸٵ˺ռԶȥˡ
Ҷһ£¾ɵӶóˮһŭˡʱǴһģȥʱԵǲͬˡ
һȺЩĪ֪ˮ񡣲ˮˣصĳȵϢˣЩܲˡҲȫ٣ˮǵķ˳ȥ
ˮһʱ䳤ˣʱǵɵӰ죬ȻҲűɵ˾鷳ˡ
Ⱥˮϵ飬Щ׾ˡˮ񶼸оЩ죬ôһȺͷͷһȺ˵Ĺǣˮоѹܴ
ҶȴǾ䡣ˮ·񣬱˸Ͳ²ģһȺͬ£ǸոպʣǼõġ
͡е;УҶʵǱﲻסˣһЦ
ЦʲôЦʲôЦġˮǱβ͵èʱŭˡ
˵һȺˣƺƵģ硣ͲûһˮˡСȥ˵ĵһ¡¾͸ϽĸԷ޺ˡҶ;úЦҪԼȺ˵ͷͷͰͷ˻Ǯ˰ɡ
ʲôֱ˵㲻ڸһ֪ġҺܷ֪꣬ôˮúġһµŮӣôܹӡ
˵ȥһͷ˱˵һǽȫûж֡⻹ԵˮС¶ƽˣ㻹ץŲšҶҲˣóˮҪë˵ġ㶯Ҳˡ°ѱ˵Ƕһ顣ܿͻᳬԽĻ񣬳ΪһЦˡ
ˮ񱬳һҶʵĳôֿڣŭ˵˵㻹ĸ˵ѾǹƵˣôôһȺ

Ҷʲ˵ˣǲ֪˵ʲôˡˣˮѾͷˡӦ˵ѾڿҪıԵˣֻڼĿšҪһʵĳͲˮ϶ǻ˲ıģɹ̵Ŀˮ
ˮǷйһĸ·Уռı˺ѿҶһֱڽж̾Ŀռ䴩ˮǺܿǵ˵ġ
ˮϿգһˮɫĿѿˮҶʣûһ˿ͣˮ֮С
ˮˣ
ҿˣ
ˮսˣ
￴ģ
ֻӻˡ
ƨ˲ɱ˶֣Ҫöָжµġ

ҺˮѾˮ֮ˣȻԤˡ˲ɱ˶ˡûܹˮһսĶ֡
ҲǶˮǸжµģ˷ڲһھͰæ췿ӡǻ񣬶ûĶǹˮǶˡ
ˮˣˮЩûȥ鶼ˡҶҪ֪ľǴȴ޴ӵ֪Ϊȥ˵УֻˮǻˡһͽˣǸȥš
ˮһֱһֱˮ֮СЩҪ֪𰸵ڱèץһȴҲ;
죬ǵȵҪĴ𰸡ˮˣַˡ
Ϊڻǰæ췿ӣķ̫ûпٵĸϻ׷ˮĽŲ;ͲˡͽԭشֱָڲŸϻ
Ȼһʱ䣬ˮǾʹˡɱ˻ǣһȺֱӶסˡ
ˮֱ¶һ֣һȺϵ鶼ɣˡȻˮûȤˡͽǡ
չԼĶصļ⣬Ǹ߳ĽݺݵıһЩֱӡǶԼҪȥ
һȺˣǻɫġ飬ÿһ䶼ڽ̸ݶһġ
Ҫô˵õϢظ̽ϢģȻˮϵǳһ߽һͨġ
ˣ˴˽Լļ⣬иԿĲͬľ󣬷뵱֡
ΪˮεĶ̫ˮѡķʽ̫ڵĸߵȻעȻûֹɳ˲ٵĴϢ̽ӡ
ܿľͰˮǣˮϵճ鶼ԭԭĴ˻ȥˡ
Щȥŵ̽ӣŻȥûжãȻֱǲˡġ
Ȼһʱ䣬ˮĴſڿ˵䲻ġǰݷõһһġ
ˮȻӼ˼ȻҲˡͨͨ¡
еݽǧƪһɵģ˵ˮг˵ĴǻûгܲˮƵġ


556 񲻱ؽ黳
ǣ
˭˭ɵģȻӡ֪ҵʹôѵҵӶͷɫĳ裬ǹ⻯ˣʱŭţ졣
Ҫİҿʵʵĸ£ʲôûж˵Ȼ˰ӴӴʹˡһһͷһӵĹϵʹ֮ǰһ߳һʹš
УʲôСˣ֪ˣȥɡЩͷۣʱ䣬鷳̫ˡݵʱв˳ĵĶҪĶࡣ
ǡϵʹ˵⣬ܲǹأ
㣬һȥԼеҽԱȥȵȣκˣٸȥһˮǣʲôʱҪ˵ĳ嶯ˣˣҪô
ջҪȥϵʹһͷˤڵϣԼ˰˱ӵѪùˡ
üͷøӵˣǷϵĴҲΪ͹ˡϵʹϽİѺĻȥˣȻתҲƵܵˡ
ӵġϵʹŹĴУûмŸ·ȵˮǵʱѾвٵʹˮӼˡ
õݶǧƪһɵģ޷Ǿ˵ʲôƾɣϣˮŴ󲿶ƣ˵˹ܷ
ˮȥǷһжˮ˵ǳ裬һе۵㡣ʱϵɾˮ˿ΡƴĴˮʹ
Ȼˮͱŭˣ˰ݷû⡣ȫӼҲһա
˶֮ľͷЩʲô߰Ľڣʲôðʹıȡô߰ġһЩ˵ȥû˻ŵĽڣˮҧ˾ô˵϶˵
ºˣȵļˮӰǶˡǺģȫûգȻ󱩴һ٣ֱԭӲŶȥġ
ʹԩġһޱȵĻģˮǡˮԵһЩǾǹˡ
ʹѯصġˮǵʱ򣬹һĬˣΪǸˮӵġ
ԣʹˣûдʲôЩȻ󣬾ͱˮصչˡûʣֱӴһٶȥˡ
Ҳ˵ʹȫǱ˵ġˮ˵ķŭҿڵģľӻȥˡ
ϵʹոȥȥˣʦûҵˮʹ߾ˡ˵ǰŵľ롣
һϳ֮⴫
£ָϵӣʲôˡ
ˮʹ˵Ҫ̡ſڵĻְĻشš
ʲôոմҵʹȻǲʹĵҲôôʱѹֲסˣתһ¡˵ȴǣ
յĴŻĴ򿪡һˮϵʹĴȻ񲻳ǲôĺгôĹˮϵʹȷʵһ㶼ûкµģͦصߵ˹֮ǰ
𾴵ĹҷҼˮȶԹˮϵʺ򡣡ˮϵʹ˵Թһ
ߣϵʺ̫˰ǲʹȥˮǣΪαͷҶˣһķ֣ޱȡҪʽʵһ¿¶ǻᱻĶ˵İɡ
ˮǷһϵˣðʹΪά˶ֵġɲ֪ʱ䣬ץ˲ðʹˡҲ˵һЩ֮ǰҶʾרŵĶйѵʱʴġ
ˮʹȴ룬Ҷʵֵܣˣô֪ҪЩʲôڶǰˣֻҪһͿˡ
ߣô˵һҪлˮˣһǲʲôðʹ飬Ҳ˵ˡˮҵĽڰˣûʲô֤ݣҲ˵ʲô
ǲҵġҼˮ˵ˣǴҵġҶѣʲôѣﻥӦõġ񲻱ؽ黳Ҳ̫ڵķϡˮϵʹޱȵĴݣⱳ̨ʡ
ߣ¾ôˡ㻹ʲôôˮ񲻻Ϊ飬רŵһ˵İɣһҲȥ׷˵ûû˵ģҶܳƤ˭Ҳκβ˭ġ


557 
Ȼļ⣬ȽҶʵĸ߹ǵġʱ򣬳Ҷʵ֪ȼģЩġ
ǴҶ֪ģˮǹ˸һǸ֪ģԶִġ
鷳ǹȥˣǽõ⡣ҲˮǴʱõĿڡ
ġˮ˵ǰʱ䣬Ĳ̫ˣҪʱƽһ顣µףƽˣȻҾ׼ˡϣܹʱǿ̬ӲءˮʹԽĹˣٴθʩһ
ˣ֪ˣ°ɡˮ񣬿ȱɣµ׿Ҫֵİ˻֣ʾˮʹ߿ˡǲһ䡣Ҳˮʹתˮ񣬲ҪŪʲôˡ
ǵģ񡣴ˣߣ񡣡ˮʹߵָأͷ΢΢ͣˡ
飬ֹǷڹǣĳǳҲӵġȰ˸ˣȻ˵ˬˣҲǳ鷳ˡ
ˮҶʺϼһ£Ȼദİ취ÿһɳһʹǰȥȥʲôԷðʹߵ˵ʵˣȻԷҲ˵ʲô
Ȼȥ֮ǰҶʰȫʹ߶ټһ𣬼򵥵ѵһ¡ȻͳѶԴʹߡ
ҶǰÿһеǵˣȻÿһӦĽڻشҲ»ʲôʹ߽˵顣
ôǻˮìܡҲǸߴңˮûΪµĹĿˡһǰһʲô鶼Ϊҿǵġ

ҶôҪ׼һµġȥأҶεĶҪǰȥġȴҲкܶ鷳ġ
أΪصĿİ취϶ǶҪġϵڲˣⶼʲô¡ģȻ˵ʲͬһŻǿԵġ
ˮߣ׼ȷ˵ǳҶߵġˣð顣Ҷʲðˮϵʹðľˣһһ
ʱҶʲôݽȥȥ֮Ҫô졣нȥˣôڳ£ԼݣЩͷ۵⡣
ʱҴҶܿľ͵µˡ취ûദʲôȫ֮ߣֻһһСĵξͺˡ
ˮ񣬷񣬺ڰ֮񡭡һ磬鶼ܹµѾˣؼ档뾡
һжĿʼ䣬Ȼܹоǵķ򣬴ǿҵĿռ䲨ϢǹȲˣֱ˺գֱӳ˻֮С
ˮҶʻʣҲ˲۾˶һۡҶʵ˷ܣŶδ֪ĵǡ
磬Ҷ顣ҵҶսϢоǰ˶ȳҶսϢѴģڣϢˣҲ˵Ϣˡ
ǣвһ˳ģδ֪ΣաʲôҶ֪ǵһڶǾҶʵһ¶ԵΣտ˵һ㶼Сġ
Ҷʵ˵ͷȻˮϢҲǿȫϢɢˡȻ˵ǲ̫ԶǳĿռ䴩󣬻Ҫˮķġ
һᣬֱˡôûһԼûʲô֮ô
ˮһֱҪһ£ǾЩðһȥʵ̫ˣжûеסڼŵʱҶǿˡ
ʲôЩ⣬ǲشģӦܹġˮһ£ϵĶûͣάŵȶ
ǵ൱˼ʲôʵҶҲûָˮش⣬ҲǰʡˣҲûʲô
װɡҪǿһЩΪǵԪԣЩصáˮ룬ǸҶʣҲʲô̫ܡֻҪҶҪȵ˼ˣҶҲܹ֪ġ
Ǻˣ߰ɡҶһȻѾ֪ˣǱ׿֤ʵֲһˡ
ֻҪײ࣬ôͻа취ȻǼˣҲκβ˵ġĻҶʾҪ취ˣͼ֮һսʵŽȥȻǴһ
ˮɫĹΰˮҶʣٵĳȶ˵š
ˮǽȥ֮ſٵĺϣʲôûзһ


558 أ
أҪտĶġصĻл⡣տĵط˵ȥ
֮ѡһǴҶҪδ֪İȫԼȥڣҲͶǳչԼ˵ѡطˡ
ڶ˻أôĿտĵطġعϡģҲ²̫˼޹
ʱѾ˼ӰˣÿһɢһֶصϢǿҡһЩȫѾǸеˣϢȫʩ˳ˡ
һطһţǰĵվŵġΧһԲΡڵԲһȱڣһûе
Ҳ˵Щٵģһ°ʲôĶûдġ
ˮɫĴŻĴ򿪣ˮڴҵĵȴгˡ֮ǰˮѾǱϹλģӦϢֱӳԲȱڵȱϡ
ˮһˣȻһһüͷȻЩġһˣͶһ˷ЩǲԸġңˡҶʣ治֪ˮʲô
ˮǶԼġ⻹ϼҴڵģЩõİɡڰ֮ɲһЩʲô˵ʲô𣬴ƽ
ǣЩ̫˰ɡϢųģҲ򵽣һܹõϢġҲǿˣƺһĺأѹ
Ŷ˵ôѵʸ룿˵˭ģվ˰ˮϵҲ֪ҪԭҶʵϡˮǲ֪һ㣬İѻ⳶ȥˡ
ȻҲǼٵģǵڶû֪ģûз֡ڣӽǷǳġ
ǣǸţҲôҪҪƤжҽ춼ηǳǿƣǳϡˮĻ䣬ʾƶλãˮվࡣ
ףǣҶһȻ˲䷴ӳ˹ֲ˵ǿơϴ˻ʽŭʾߣϢǸܵúġʱʾ͹ģ£¶һ˿Ϣ
ߣײβġܼĸ㲻ҿǲҵġλҿɲͬʸסˣȻˡתìͷָҶʡ
Ҷаգȴûκεİ취ϵʵ׿ˡ㣬ȷʵԼ͵ġû뵽Ϊ棬Ҳѧһ֡
ҿ˳ۣҪһֱšˮҲͬʲô˵ˣҾСдáȥˣɱǰæʼڣǳǿơģôҶЩĬˡ
㡭û뵽ôϹǱȲ˰춼ûһȥ֮Լܺǧһȥˣ̫ϧǶ˳ˡǲֵġ
İɣĴݣԼܹչ˺ԼġҲһļҵЩܲ˵ġ
Ҫ˵ʲô鷳¡ֻһڣҲЩܹġȲ˵ڣεĿ£û˸ҰעġǶ˻ʶУοǡ
ңҶʿ֪ڣ֮еġǡ׷ߣһȺǿҲġ
նˮ˽ˣ˫ʵࡣǶԷڣ֮УܹһڣҪǴ治˵ġ
ˣҶ˵䣬Ҫǿʼɣͨȥ˵ķ⡣Դ۵˫Ҫ
ⶼûпʼжȻѾˡҪǴˣԼ˷ڧˣǾͲˡ
֪ΪΣǸоεжôļ򵥵ġ»Ԥ֮Ĵ鷳ġ
һȥˣǿڣǿˮȣҲҪҶˮĿѡ
ãˮһ㶣תͷ˿ҶʡҶһϣûˣʲôĻˮҲޱȵĸɴֱ࣬ӵͷӦˡ
ˮܹоҶһ֪һЩʲôſѵġ
ûְɣҿЩȲˡڰ֮𣬲ִ̧һɴ׳ڹ⣬˴ΧǵԲεİ֮С
е˼ִ̧һƴ׳ĹâеԪ֯һ
ˮҲִ̧һ⡣ʱ򣬹̧һֻ֣һɫĻ棬


559 Ψһ·֣
ɫĻ棬ͬмߵ¶ȡϢԵ˵ҪºһЩɢһеĸĻ棬ҪԵ˲֪ٱҪһЩΪ˻ڵġ
ڴҵעУеĲͬԪʼĽӴһ𡣻Ĵôںϵġ
ԵԪǷǳĴ뵥һģûһ˿һϤġǱ˴Ԫںϲһȥ
Ȼûб˴˵ų⣬ֻǱ˴˽ţȷĽ޵ġ
ҵǣ˶ʵǿģԼԪĿǿĿԼԪĲ˳Уûз˵ĻӴĲ״
ʱģĻԪҲˡһӳе߲ʵĹСһǻϽͣԭͲôѹƵ߲ʹ򲨶ĸӵľˡ
ģĻ棬ȻڳӽĻ棬ǱϾĻϵԪϹģϿ϶ûĹԪôĴģʱǿʱġ
ڸʲôסͿԼĹϵֶҪһɫĻ棬ʱѹƲãˮԪȥˡˮһʱͿˣʱе
֪ͷ亹סˣûк˵
ֹˮҲͬʱһ˴˵ƽʱʲôʱ򣬶СġȫԪӴһ˲ƻܹľġ
ڴҶȫԸģԪ˴˵ںһҪͻȻ춯ԪӴĺֱ󶼲ġ
һʱ䣬һȺôĺҿ˵ԼϽƴĿԼԪͷ϶亹
мصģܹءңУҲû˵˵ѡұΪޱȵɣֻҪСĵĿԼԪҵԪںϾͺˡ
Ͼ˰ˣûзһ˿Ҫ໥ںϵļ
ǽҶʸǽֻʻҪ΢һЩûôڴġ
֪ô£ļļԪںϡҶȫ֪׷ʲôԸӵļ
˰죬Ҷǿһõˡǹ֮У۵ԪԽԽࡣңԽԽ˵ġ
Ԫһ㣬ɵƶλһԪɢȥǾǽӴǿеİԪ˻
ȻޱȵɣڣԪ̫ˣҶޱȵĳˡҶҲˡ
ǿǸʲôǿҪںϵġҶһ㶣ѵ
Ƕһ𡣶԰ôµġԪ춯ǺҵĲġÿζһԪӹȥġΪתԪֲλñˡԪĶܹӦ˴ˣԷ
ǣͷ۵ġΪ˴໥ģҪƴֹġԪ˴ˣ˭ô
Ƕһۣһᣬͬʱ˵ͷɿ˶ԪĿƣеƶ
Ҳûа취ˡԪѾҪǵĿˣΪ۵̫ˡûа취סˣֻʱ⡣
䡭
һľıڳÿһ飬ȫ˫ʧˣκεⱬƵ綼˵ģ˶̧ͷķ
һĹâ𣬳ΪؼΨһɹ⣬ڡ
ڳܹǱ˴Ԫ嵽һ𣬷еıըȴһ˲ʧǻһŤһ
󣬼ֵϣ˻硣粢ȶھҵĲš
Ťռ䣬ʱҲűŤˡһŤŵŻˡŻܶǻ
һӵʯ·֪ӺζҲ֪˶ãǻŻ֮ʯ·Զʻʻïܣҷʢֱľһ㣬һ˶ߡ
ҡҷţɢһ˵Ļ㡣Żɢ˳Ż֮ŵˡ
㲢Ũʮֵĵţʮֵšŵ⻨֮ԭķ꣬ԭĵǣԭľ¶ˡĵĹЧ
ûͨصľϿ񻨡·ǿȴһеķգȴһеĸǿߣƽ͵ĻعԼĵ·һڣȻһ˵


560 ˮԺڰ֮
˵ģĹصĴ˵ǴҶ֪ģһȺþ档صĹޣҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
أЩǿߣҲҪԼĹ޵ظ͸¶硣ҪǴҶ֪еܣǿ󶼵òġ
ҶԺд˻ʽĲǸӦڣϢˡ֮ǰڣصϢڸסˣһƬռ䣬ֻûа취Ӧ
ˣǽȥɡˮ񿴵ҶʵļȻҶǼڿƣϢϸ΢ĲҶߵˮǷǳĸӦ˵ġҶʵ֣ǶҶʵĹҲǶҶʵѡͬʱڴߴڡ
ˮһȺʱ䳤ˣҶʿƲסԼʲô嶯һȺˮûܹסҶʵȫġ
磬嶯ˡҲͬʱҶʣҶס
һҶ˹¶ˣ¶ҲǷַӵˡʱˮǿ϶ỤסҶʵġʾû˹˰˼ҸϷȥ˰
ڣǲҪһ£ȻȥʲôôǾЩѰˡڰ֮񿪿ˣһ
ûжҲû˵ǿĬ˺ڰ֮˵ˡ
ҶˮߡһеĲƽ˵ġҶҲˣжûʲôвͬˮֵĻڳû˭ܹԵİɡ
ǵΪҺ۸ôһʼǡҾǿ˭ӡˮ˲ͱŭˣһٶƣˮⱩƢѾܲ˵ġ
ˮ˵ͬʱڵĹ˱仯ԭϤˮϵ˱Ĺһɼģ˹Եˮгˡ
Ҷɫһ䣬ˮУǿ˵ģһղܡҲˮĽԺеõ˰顣
û뵽ôˮϵ𹦷ǿˮ񡪡ˮĹ
Ȼ֪ǹƻЩ㣬û뵽˹Ҫ֪ôֹˮ׵ġŪʲôȻ˵һЩ⣬Ҳȥˡ
Ѿˡˮ񲻽Ҫңˡ
УˮľǻǺڰ֮
ڰ֮֮˹ǰ档ΪȻαӵĸоС˵ıϻҪװһº˵ġ
Ǻڰ֮ͬһһֱģһֱģˮǲϲң֮ǰˮģҲڰ֮
еˮӱС飬۳һѳˮɫһ龧Ө͸ˮȻɵģȴпֲķϢ˵ĺǿֲķϢϿȹ񽣻Ҫ¡
ˮɫĳһͬɫĽգźڰ֮ȥһˮɫǳźڰ֮ײ˹ȥ
ڰ֮ϵĺƣڰ֮ı飬ϵϢϵĲţҲƽ
ڰ֮һĺһڵܣ˳Ľ֮ϣóͻ
ڰֱ֮Ǵŭû뵽ˮȻôĿŵԼ֡ǶԼʵĲ϶ǶԼôˮ˵ԼǺǵģǺڰֺ֮γء
ڵܶסˮĳôˡڰ֮ҲɱҪˮкƣһڵĳìС
ڰ֮һֶܣһֳìһ塣ͬĿ£ͬʱС
ֿĺڶܻס壬ڰ֮ץţǿųˮȥеĳìҲεĿڶƵҲԵʱܹĴ̳
һδڰ֮·ûȻ֪ڰ֮ǿˮüԼıֲ⡣
ȣˮһȣ̧֡
ֳȭǳȥ˵ĳŶصĸӦƻĴ򿪣ָſצ
ҲˮſȭͷһڻıⲢϵı仯Ϣڻļǿ
ˮǰƣޱȵļѡԼһɽһ㣬ޱȣޱȡ
ǣڰ֮ǰĽŲȴֹסˣлĵˡǺڰ֮ԸġǱӲȥġ
ˮٴδһȫƳֱ۳һֱˡ
ͻȻı˾˵Ƶףϵܳ


561 Э飡
ڰ֮ɫˣܹĻ
ˮεĹȫͳԤϣ֪ˮʱѧǿĹʽ
Ǻڰ֮ľһľֻҶʿһ㣬ŹֵĶһۡ
ˮһǰĽǾ˵Ľô˻ʽЩ֮ء
ˡϴ˻ʽԶס˻Ƶʱܵġǵһãû뵽Ч˵ĺáˮ۾һսдռϷˮпմҶʡ
ˮҲû뵽ǿĹ֮ǰʱڵ͵ˮԪܹתɸǿı֮ǰĹʽñԵԪǿĹ
Ҷʵ˻ʽˮܵȻ˵۳ıû˻ʽӲġǱʤڷ֮ϣǲ˻ʽҲǺܲˡĹʽõġ
ڰ֮ҪӲһ£Եбһ¶ơ
ƫԭĽǶȣɲǼֱ˺ʧˡ
ڰ֮Ҳһڵһ㣬˲ŵײ˹ȥƨĺڰ֮˲˵ص
һڵĳìг˳һڵ磬ˮȥ
ˮѧǰһıǽǰ϶΢΢ˮбһϸ΢Ļȡ
ڳìײ˱ǹ棬һƬıҲǽų
ʱڰ֮𣬳˱ԼײӡˮҲٴε̧֣һˮɫĳͣǰб׼źڰ֮ͷ­λá
ˡزŸոմ򿪣Ǿôġ˭֪滹ʲôΣյǡˣߵ룬߼Ĵȥ
Ȼϲڰ֮񣬵ǲɷϵġڰ֮һϵĹʽ˫һԪ˴˵ĽӴܴһ
ˮҲͬǲʧģȷ¡˼ıݣ֪ʲôʱܹ򿪣ˮһǿս
ߣˡͲƽˡڰ֮һеĴʧСͬʱһڵƿնڰ֮εץУͬǱڡ
ո˵ĻҲҪ˵ġУҪһ䣬ԺҪҡͬҲǲǵġˮҲһڰ֮˵â
ȥ֮ʲôôҸƾ¶ȡº֡Ҫǳ֣˻ΡԴȻ˵һ취
ͬ⣬û룬ȻͷӦˡ
õİ취ˡˮѾǿƵľˣ˭ûа취ȥˮսˡ
ǰˮȻҲǹԭ򣬹㡣ƾԤϵֶΣܸ֪˵һǿġ
ڵˮսĿáĽУúڰ֮޷⻹ˮûʩչԤϵֶΣȻһнһеģڰ֮»ӵܡ
ңˮ֪ôģϵôĺáֱЩˣֱǲôܵ鰡
Ǳ˴ģдٽõϵҲ˵ĺõġϾҶԼĵ̡Լĵ̣ҪΪԼĵıȡһͻȻٵĶЩìܵġ
ǿУûе̵ģʵͬӹɵģҲֻһˣҲҲڶˡ
ǣΨһһôˮһء
һ֮󡣲ôƣˮѾǳΪ˶ֵˣ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ֣˭ܹõô
ңڵˮǿҪһҶʣҲ²ôļ򵥵ˡ
ˮôǿˣһǿơ֣ʲôȡȫûбҪһͽ׵ˮϵʹȥϺȵġҲ˵Ҷһʲô˵á
ŪôһأǾͺðˡҪǱȷֵģȥȡȡͬʱǲܵŵġȻĻͻԵеˡ
Ҹʲôһû⡣ˮһҶԼſ˵
ˮôˣǾͱʾˮӦˡֻһˣһȺˢˢĶȥˡ
ֿҸʲôͬû⡣Ҳһ˴ҵĹǡ
жڷЦҪĻǻһôռģԱȫ˾ѽǲˡ


562 룡
һȺ˸̥ȻΪԼռĺôﶼҪ˻ˣǱһ㶼ûб¶װģġ
ʵҪռ˱˵ĻҪҶǵġҪǴҶలµģǶҶ˵õˡҪĴҶҶֻпվġҪ˵ȥʲôˣǿҵġ
ҶЦ̻ҪȥʲôڣеıأҲЩ֪ڣĲŻô뷨
ڣҶ֪ǵòģǸƻǿеİеļнǷǳ˲ˡ
˵ˣҶʴ˴ǰĿġΪڣеˡȺɵƵǹʹæ̽·æ;谭ֶֺΪء
ҶʿĵǣȺǹʹ˵ûǹľ򡣻ǳģõδ
ҶʣжͬʱΪЩĬˡϣǵĵӲҪôĴ̰ҲǲҪ̫󣬲Ȼ˵Ҫһġ
ˣȻҶͬˣһȥɡ񿴵ҶӦˣҲû˼ıҪˣſڴߴٽˡ
棬Ҳֻ㿴ңҿġҪǱķëˣֶǾ鷳ȥˡ
һȵǰ棬ڰ֮Ȼ֮ǰˮĶԾгһСʵȷʵӹɵģʴҲ˹˵ڶλ
㿴ңҿģٿˮҶɵСֶӡˮǲûȵ˼ŸϽĸ˺ڰ֮
Ҳ߰ɡСһЩеѾȥˣˮҲˡ̧ǰȥʱ򣬻ҶһΡ
ˮǹģûȡȽȥһܵõʲôöġȻҪһЩΣҲǳɱӵġ
еĿĶΪ˵õٵıûбҪȥǰ棬ҵһ̽·ȷġ
˵ˣǰɨϰǺܺõôҶʻϣƽµҵڣȻƽµİǶȳġ֣ܲܲٺòˡ
ŻڣҶ̧˽ȥȻĲڲʯ·ϣûзʲô飬Ҷŷһ˽ȥ
ҶʵСЩδ֪ĵطСһЩûʲôġСʻ괬Ҳʲôʱ䡣
ҶҲ̽ˣȥܶĻΣչĵطЩûʲôΣյĵطԽҪֵעġȻĻʲôԤϵ飬˭Ҳ˵ġ
Ҷһ룬ˮʶûʲôġʵĻ˵Ǵ򲻹ҶʵģҶǰûд
ˮĻ˵Ҷʽε̽ľ֪ҶⷽľȽϷḻ˵ˣҶƤģ̽·ǻʲôҶΣգˮҲгֵʱȥӦԵġ
ǵĽ룬ǻŻǼֲסˡʼȻֹյǿϵȻٵĺˡ
·ôʧˣҲôıضˡƬռľͷȴûг·
ڣֻ˳ʯ·ǰˣû·ˡ
ߣҶһЩصеֵ󣬿˵˾ռ˵ģûоʲô档
һ˻ǰûΪ֮ǰ·ˣͷɾ衣в֪ʵĵطҪκεиǾ͵
ռ䣬ܹӦ˵ϢҲˮǿʱϢռˡ
ˮûнʱʯ·ûκε춯ֱˮǽʱ߹ĵطʯ·ʧ黯˿ռС
ҶߵʶǺεȵ񣬺ܿľͷһ󣬶ǳһ⻹Ǹ׳нҪԭزǲ˵ġ
Ϊʯ·ߵ񻨴ʧٶԽԽ˵ġֱӹ⻯ƮɢСû֪ʯ·ôģҲû֪ⱻٻʯ·ڶݵ֮ͨ˺ηˡ
ܣҶʴһ֮ǰ߿˵ڻɢٶȸպܹʯ·ʧٶȵġ
һʯ·ʧٶԽԽˡȵ߼ӿٶȣߺ֮ˡûйãͱȵҶʼҪǰˡ
ûдԽǰȫԽƽĵطֻҪ˼ľУ͸ӵΣա
Ȼʯ·ֱӵʧûʲô˵ɢ֪Ҫˣ᲻ʯ·һֽ˵ġ
ȻҪ֪Ǵж޷֪ûǣѵҪԼԼȥԵİ
ԭΪߺ΢İȫһЩû뵽鷳


563 ù
֪ǰˣҶǴʱе뷨ǣûкҩʱľȹҲûа취ʱİɡ
Ҫһеڿȫٷеʱַһ鷳顣ʯ·֮ǰûУʯ·ʧԽԽ죬ҲԽԽˡ
߸ƴˣʲôܲˣȫǰ̡Ϊÿܵ뵱ġ
ˮʵǿܵҲϵʵҲҪǿҶʣܵҲǴҶʵġҶΪףȻһʱ䵽۷ʱͻƣǻǲôһ˿ġڷΪʵܵСġ
ˮҪƾԼǿΪǿдҶʵĴˡڵˮ񣬿ɲҶʺܡҶҪǿ٣ܵҲСġ
ҶڷĽ⣬ųɣûܵʲôһġ
СҶӣ֣ʴУҶʾͳ嵽ǰȥˡʯ·ͿҪʧʵβˡ
Ҷʣ֣æˮҲǽţ۷ܣʲôˮӡǷŮΣգһļеġ
ҶһץסһȻµĻȫһɫĲӰˮܵķɿġ
ˮôнɻ˵
˭֪ءҲʱ£˰ɣ˻⡣
ԼϣİɡҿǾΣգˡڰ֮
Ǹãڣֱƻƽ⣡һȻǶˮЩġ
ˣҶ˵䡣ҪǾͲԶĵ󣬰ѴҵĻ˹ȥֻвٵ鷳ģʱĿڣֹ˴Ҽȥ

ΪˮɵͻȻ֣ߵһġȻϵҲôǢȷʵõѡˡ
ǣһ·ܵ˵ദǢġˮһԹͬļУҶһЩڱìܡ
ЩĵģôˣʲôΣնûʲôûУǷһֵľ˵ˣһȺϵսһҲ԰ı죬ǲʲôΣյġ
ʱһȡ죬ǵĶĤЩۡ
ЩϤתͷһͿһɫĲӰקӰٵĳ˹ˡ
һӰǸɫĹ裬ƻõģޱȵޱȵλá
ˮ浱޵ôȻôǣǹҶһ㶣ڰ֮˲ͷˣڴšںǳˮ񣬸ǰߵͬһսˡ
ûպǆ£ڰ֮ǲûÿ˼ԭվתˡˮһȣЩ˵ƨ¡
ǵ飬Ͻÿ·ǻҪ
ߣˮ̵Ǹʵ̫ˡǿǻû޵еӡǵһĶ֣ǺһҲܹǵġҲǷˣȻôĺǳ⡣ⶼ֪ûˣʱͱŭˡ
ģÿÿġùҲǴһܵΣյʱһɤǷǳƵġ
ǶĬˣȫɫ࣬ȻôĲǷˮȻȫǰǵϸݺݵļ̤һһġ
ǲ˵ˣվԭزϿʼɢŵĹˣĬĬԼԪͷ˵ԷôֱʵԷһѵ
ҿ֣ˮ񽿺һһѱסҶʵ֫Ҷʵһָֻ˳
ͬʱһҶʵǰ۳ΡҶһ㶣ˮһۡȻ˲ˮ˼
ٽŵ˫ȲͣٵǰǱҲʼҶʵǰԶˮţڲϵ׳һĹϢˡ
ȵˣҶһţˮƾŴԾĸ߶յıƽʱҶһǳĽ֮ϡ
ıȻнΣǲ߱񽣵ļ̣ȴ˻ʽĽСҶôһߣôܵҶʵĴϮ˲ı
Ȼ飬еĽ⽣ҲǷɢݣȴйעҶʵĿֲһƿǰ·ͷĴȥ


564 ڲأ
ϸıһУͳĴſֲС
ȻĹܿ£л㲻ʲôġɢĹԸһڵǼֱڿЦġ
ҪôɢĹӲǿȥˡ
ÿһı鶼ޱȵĴݣڵԪǣܿģһĴݣͱһȻ
֮ǰúõģôڸоڵԪǱ˼һбûˣһԵóޱȵġԶԶĲƽյ
ͻȻıʣţԵЩæҵġԪŸոճ壬ҶˮϵĹѾǵˡ
ҪûԪȥϮıСѾǲôܵˡôʱ䣬ֻаȸסҪ˾ˡ
ȻͿһĻʼձƲĿʾ˵ĺڰ֮ԭԪȫûκεĶǱСϮ
ǴҴҵԪģ⻹ܵƵġȫ̧ϿӣϽһ
ۡ
һܼܼıСȫǰ·ϡ
ӴӴҽһƬ
Ȼ˵·ԪģֵסǷɢݵĽȻɢˣƻԶԶĲ˵ġǻҶʵĿֲӳİ
ˣֱǵһʹ࣬ڹģġ
һȺУֻûпʹġһǺڰ֮ȫĺȻǱĲϵĲǻǻҶˮֹǻĺԵҪϡһЩˡ
һǹͬվԭزԵʮֵĵġ
֮󣬹ӢӣʱһĺӻڲʱģܿƵĳ鴤ʾŹĲǱϵĵĴݡҪǿԵĻҪһˮһȺˡ
ϧˡû뵽ͱǸȥˣ㣬ô߱ˡˮʱѾǱҶʴĳ׸ˣ·һУЩźҶʡ
Ҷһĺߡ˭֪ˮŪıпõİ˵ˣһ£û߱ЧҲжôĺá
ҶʿɲΪˮԼܹսʤһȺġ
Ҷг֮ǰѾǸ߸ߵԾ˾Ϳĳ
ѾˮʵòĲˣȺôܻõء˵ˣȻԼȻǿ󣬵ǻײһȺġ
Ҷ׼Ƿǳȷѡϸı˲ҲܹݵֹǵġټҶʵǰٶȹ죬ܹʱԾǵġ
ǶҴӣȻͿҶʴˮǴԼ˵ͷԽӻںҵĳ鴤ţзŭ
ʲôʲôñĴڴԼ˵ͷϿǿ֮ôˮĵҪô뷨Ĺôܹеŭء
ڹ˵ڣҶѾǴˮƽԽ˹ǣ˳ˡ²ͣøٶǰɱ
ͿյʱҶǴˮʵġûа취٣ٶûа취ľ˵ġҲ˵ʯ·ʧŵıԵǽ˲ٵˡ
ʲôʲôѵ˸ղŵôѵǵûбôǵĽڲأӵôһӣûеõеĻӦΪתҶȥıӰҲԭߵͬǰӰ
ùǣڰ֮ȻҲġ
ڲƨԼ󡣡ܲ˹ӦˣͷҲתĶһ仰һ㶼ûзġ
ôˡ񻹸ոҪٴεĺȻòԾ
ϢеŹ֣ʲôڿٵĽӽȻԭѾл˵ԪǸӵĻˡ
ɻˣϽתһۡȻҲٵתûнڲٵĸ·ˡ
ԭ֮ǰҶʴˮǳʱƻõıˮΪ˺ÿŪġʯ·޵񻨹⻯ֵġȻǿԼȥ˾Ͳ˵ġ
ĺҪһ䣬ԣˮֱ˵һ¾ͺҪˣﻹҪһԲϾͳˡ
Ҷڿյʱһѳס˺һСǱҶһ߱ˣʲôǿ˵ģȫͱסˡ


565 幥
һȺķɱǳܹ˵ˡҶֱ׷ŵܵľ֮⡣ҪôûоҪôʱ̫ľԶˣȻѾ˵ġ
ķӾˣȻƵֻڵϸ·ġǱ絽ˡ
ھҪҪҲֻ·Ҫǲ·ǵһСûˡ
ôܱô
ҪܹҶõ·ôԭزʧʯ·ˡ
Ҷǿһֵ쾡µġԶԶİ˦󣬵춨Ҷʵһλá
һǷҰһڿ񱼣ҶǺҪЦġǾò̫áҪǴҶ˳ܹȻԼˣΪԼô졣
ʲôأվסԭվŲҪղǴÿҪԭزôҶй˼ɣˮȷʵûʲô˼ɵġ
ǱҶʴţҲóˮɴŤͷһ㶼˵ģ˵һȺ޹⣬Ҫ
ǶסˣʱҪ·Ҫ̡ˮǰ˼ӣҶľģҳԷҪˮǰ海ңֶЩʲôǾ鷳ˡ
ˮ˵ʲôЩǲΪţĵȴšʯ·յĳ֣ȴյĵ
ֻҪʯ·ˮô޼ɵĺ˵˵ˮˣҲ˱ѡˡǲ𣬶İ
һʱˣҶҶʵĲˡȻЩ棬һ˿ʤ˼ǲôƴʼ޷ҶʵľģȻҶˡ
ܹˮͬʱصģǿҪҪˣҪƽͨˣǳˮͬʱɵˡ
Ҷչ¶ⲿֵĹ֮ȻǶóԾǺܿľ͵ȻˡԼضĻ½ɣܹˮôʲô˲ء
ĵطЩһܹ걬Ҷʵġ
ҶܵģܹѹЩһͷĵطˡ綼ôˣҲ㷭ˡȻ˵ûжãľͻᱻȥҶҲǷǳˬˡ
ۣҶʻǶ־ģԽԽԽٶԽġ
ʿ󣬺γҶһ뷨ȻǹıҶʺһЩ绹һһ޶ǿ߿ðһ¡ʳܵѹҲǺܴĺòá
վԽߣʱԽۡðԽعķҲԽġ
ʱȻǱҶʴڿ񱼣ҲҶʳڶüһΡʺԾľͷһҶʵĹͣйֵҶʵҫҲʵҫˡ
ʵתתȻǴһ˿ЦݡݺݵתڵԪԼĳθȵö͵ʱˣʾ;òˡ
͡һ죬һɫʵųΪҶٶ̫죬ոųʵͱǿ͵ɢεˡ
ԼԼһԭҪ͵͵ôһµġû뵽ʱǳθЩȻŪ˾춯ص塣
ˮһֱڿͻȻͿһɫƮȥɻĿһۡݵĴ֮ˮҲ˳һЦݡ
ҶʻЩģû뵽ַ֡ΪʵʩԲáһ׼ʱҪ㣬Ȼȱﲻסʱ򣬶ֵķλֲǺܺãͻĿꡣڶҪзʵķ硣
ҶҲʷųĵһʱ;쵽ˣͷĺߣһĶ񺮡ⲻڶĶ֣ͬڶĶѡ
óò׳嵽˺󷽵ǰˣ׵һ¡ԭӣһӾͱò԰ޱȵˡθвסķӿҪͣܵвͣŻµĴˡ
ǵʲôˡҪҵУһ˺ľջ㻹ƨڰ֮ҲǺҵĲǻɫž
û˵ͬһͷ亹Ķǻڷƨʡ
ܹĿȫͻȻ͹Ȼ䶯˵ķͣ
ˮһ£ӦǾ÷Χθеʳ˿ǻСǴҶûȥ£йˣȥˡθеķӿӵľˣӿˣȻγ˶ѭ
ˮ뵽öģҲɫ԰׵תͷ


566 ػߣ
ˣˣʲô͸ʲôˡˮȻתˣǻǡ͡ķڶ
ˮԼθжҪˣԭú棬һ㶼ˡ˶ģˮоĻǶģȻʲôûˡ
ʲô£ҿһֱʲôû˵ʲôûⶼԼɵģҰëǮĹϵûСҴ·һдңҶͬǾñʸӰˣ⻹ˮˡ
ҶҲܲˣôôĵǲҪõĺáòãᱻԼˡеоҲΪ̫ڵļңԼġ
ô£һֱһģˡȻĻһ߹Ķôôôåءˮ϶ҶʵĲˣ⻹һЩƶϳˡ
ԣԣҶʴҵġǳͬˮĻסĵͷֻ룬ǲ˵ġ
ôˡһû˵ҾǱģǲ֪ʲ֪˶ٵĻ£űѹ˵ġ˵ҰųġҶײ˶ˣϴʵĿڷš
ôˣ
ôˣ
͡
˵˱ˣ㻹šˮҶ۵ļңͻȻһ©һתǹڣìͷָʡ
ûŰһ㶣֪Լôˡ˵ĵʱҶʾֹͣԼСûٷˡͻȻֵĲ֪ôµġ
治ҡԵһĲŵ飬Сıһ£֤Լס
͡͡͡
첻ϣֹͣ˻๥ҶˮǷ쳣ĲڼƨǴӱ𴦴ģ·Ե񻨻дġ
žһ죬һϸС͸˿ߴ񻨴г˳ϸСȴգһһȴŵķ
ܹ鳳ܣ鷳飬Ҫһϵģˮһ㶼ڵһʱ۳һѱ
ҶҲһץѳץСһãһƬҫ۵Ĺʡ
ϸ߱ϾϸߣϢľͱҶʸնˡ
ʧȥϸߣƮš֮ǰǧڿƮƮͷ˿һĲ
ҶʴˮʿٵĳˮһѲУо
ϸ˿̫ڵϸˣһͶϡǴ֮ǰĹȴܹǧģôôìܡ
ˮ˰죬ҲȻôˣûпصĶġ
ÿˣ񻨵ĸ롣ˮüͷҲǺĹ۲ʱҶʿڴߵĲ룬ǽˡ
ǡôֵġˮĿ˿ȷʵֲĸ룬ֻ񻨣Ǿͺܺжˡ
鷳ˣʡҶʲûĻش𣬶üͷСĵĽ䱸š
ʵⶼҶеĲݸҶʵϢ춯ʱ򣬲͵һʱıˡҶˮۣûע⵽û﷭
񻨣ͨصĵطŵ˻ĵá˵ȷʵĶҩ⣬ܹӦʬϢϢԶĹϢˣػߵĳƺš
ΪʲôͻȻǼϼûʬҲûǲӦܵġ
ǣҶ뵽֮ǰʷųǸƨ˲ˣһͷĺߡ
ƨǴųģʳڱиܵϢȻǸʳų壬ʬȽϽӽİɡ
ǳ²࣬ƨˮҶʵĽͣһȻҪôʼ¡ǿŵһˮסˡ
Ȼûϵ𷣣ǿͷϵá϶ٲ˵ġ
͡ǿҵƿϵҶͷƤ顣
⻹ЩİҪǱȻ̲Ƿ㹻˵ģҶʶüˡ
Ҷʵз裬ǻһ㣬ˣһƯĽ򿳡·ɣ鶯쳣
жѵľӨĸƮ䡣ûأֱҶٴγĸʱһٴɸ̵ˡ
Ҷ鷳еܹҶЩֻǱӦôĿġ
ǰܵķɿ죬ǰƨȾ춼ͷǵİ


567 
ҶҲѹҪĳȥƴǰˡ
ǲżˡҶҲ϶ǻǰ濪·ġֻҪĵҶǵˡ
ʱļӳǳĸԽԽˣֱģǵصĻһ͸Ĵˡ
ңһšǲ֪ѹ䣬ҪҶǸסġ
ֲĸ룬֪жôĳôĶࡣҶʴʱ̵ᵽ˵ģֱҪиˡ
ã磬һɫٲϣ˲նһͨ
ͬʱҶеıתǰȥ
Ҷ˫һţٴڿնǱԼѿг˳ȥ
ǰ·նһһĸҶʼǽ
ˣҪＫˡҶͿҲҪʧˣѸٵ䡣ЩҶʵļ㷶ΧеģÿһξͻһΣȻͬİ취ǰ塣
ʱһ쳣׳ĸж˳׼ȷĻתŵĳԲĴ
Ȼ飬ϸıǾת£һԲ˷ȥ
ˣҶһû뵽ıʡԼȥıڻ˹Լı
Ҷ̧־ǰ˳ȥԼıԼҲΪǷԶţλЩƫƣԭļصЩͬˡ
ģ󷽵ϰʱѾɨˣҲ㲻ʲô鷳
ʱǻ˳ĸһתҶʳ˹
Ҷʴ󾪣䣬ڰУûκεĽ㡣Ļʱ򰡡ȻúΣȴֲòԡ
ҶٴεԼĸһȭȭƿ񱩣ʾҶеĲȻ޷㿪ˣʱ͵ϮģҶҲ˻Ҫ
ϡһ죬ҶԤе鲢ûзǸûбҶʸȫĺ顣ңԼȥʱ򡣸ڿٵĶҶʵ§˳ȥ١
Ҷʱб˳ȥǸ뽻֯СͬʱԶһҲҶضеһ룬Ҷʸոչһ
ص񻨣Ȼǿ¡ҶѾˡ
أֻǿߣеǿߣûʸġֹʬ񻨣ȻǼƷ
ҶʿǱɵһꡣǽɫģεڵϣȡҲҶʵر⡣
䡱ҶߵҲǲģǱǿķġ޴ĳѹİȥ
Ҷٵ䶯ҶǸĲʯ·Ϸ
ҶնҶʵŪĲֹûãȻ׵ıϣǲ˵Щ͸ĸ벻Уˮ۵ĳ㹻ķ
ڣȫûõġܹ΢ĳſһ㣬ûκεáҶɢȥʱ򣬳ſĸֿٵĻصϡ
ˣҶˣˡˮҶûû˵Ҷֹˡ
ǽŵģȻҲǽŵıġҶôҶܵˣˮδܵˡ
ǲͦôôץסأҶʱ򣬹ҲǼ䣬ҶͨҶʼ˵ǰʱ̲סʱڿš
˵ˣˮ񽿺ţԵ÷ǳĲΪˮʱһֱǱҶʵģƹ죬ˮЩܡ
ܰɡȥҲŰǿߣôıЦûгְæ˼
ҲͬûгĴ㡣Ϳˮ˳ˡʱáǽǿǱڵľֶ֣Ϊء
ߣڰ֮һȻʼֽǰϰٵǰȥ
ڰ֮Ȼǿ󣬵ʵѾܵʯ·һЩѹȵģӲȫңǿ˭ԪǷ絶ءҶʵĿ·ٶԶԶĲġ
Ҳǿٵĸϣ˺ڰ֮Ŀ·顣
ڶڣջʱ򣬾ȻûһԸֵġ
㾹ȻҲαӡҪһţһѡˮһ㶣û뵽ȻҲ˵ľԡ


568 ת
ҶһʼѾ뵽˻ˣˮΪͬʱԵʣԹһ˿Ļ롣ˮƽҲû˵Ļǲܹϵʵ
ҶʲҶʵһμʱ򣬶ԹӡǲõġҶʿһǺ׼ģҲû⡣Ȼôؼʱ򣬹ͬѡ
Ҷ룬ʱ򣬹ƺ鶼Ѿ˵İɡ
ʵϣº˵ǡ˵ڣУ鷳ˮҵ˫˫ˡ
ʯ·ϣʵ̫ˡˮûʣֲҶʡҶֱĲסˣ͵Ҷʣľѿġ
ƴˣ
Ƿʧʯ·ѾǿҪҶˡȻ̵ܲȥǱʯ·ȥλõĿռʱ㣬Ƕһزˡ˵ᱻռϡ
ܻܲȥ˵ˣ˭ῼ֮顣Ҷ׼һôĶҪһ¡
ˮָϵˣҶҲûһǻʲôõġ
ԪٵתţһǲεġҲҶ֮ڹڵĳȫʩΪȻܻͣһ޵ġҶҲҪԼ״̬ޣܲ˿ļޡ
ѲҶʻٻ˻ʽ˻ʽն˿ûʲôİɡ
ҶͻȻˡڵĺƵԪҲȥˣƽҲǸӦҶʵϢˡ
Ҷʣʱˣ㻹˼ôĸﰡȻ˵ģĲҪʴСеģߴҶʿ춯֡
ǰҶʣ㻹ҴŵĸǶͳˣˣǡˮҲߴҶʣΪֻҶͳǸЧˡ
𳳣а취ˡҶһͷĺߣˮʶ˵Щʲô˵ףĻǻġ
Ȼǰ·ĹɻŤͷһ£ΪҶʱ˻һЩ顣
ˮżҶͬżΪʲôװôõˣΪʲôΪĽô
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֮ͣΪҶʴƴʱԼеĲȴͻȻݸҶһβ
ҶԭЩżһ㶼ż˵ġ
Ҫ˵ҶǽƵĿǡôеֲĿǡҲ֪ˣȻûʲôͨսҲ־ͲûбǴֲˡ
Ҷʱ۾񣬴߶ȫŲȻ˵ûгֵ֣ܹͨӳ˵ġ
ҶʵϿʼһ׵ϸܵĲ룬ͻȻëһҶʺܿľͱ˽ȥ⻹ִֹͣҶʵӣҪˮʶ
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Ҷʻţɣʲô鷳ˮȻ֪ҶҪʲôǻʮϵķ
ܿģͰȫˡ׼ȷ˵ǣϵ񻨵ĸ롣
һ㶼׼֮ľͿʼ͡ٵͨ룬ȡ񻨵
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񻨺ˣڲͣĲҵҪѳȥȴǲӵһһǳѲġ
Ƭ񻨴Ӷ춯ҵĲšвٵĶǴ̽ԼǿǽɫպҵĻšҪҶȥȴвô
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ȥո˸ϣΪжȥ˴󲿷ֵټϸļͣЧʮֵޡ
ˣˡѱǣǵøϿȥҶʶͨڲ̰ʱʶڻΣա
Ҫʱ㹻ҶҲҪòⶼɣʲôͻưʲôûС


569 ʯ·
СһҶʺǳˣݸҶίȻҶʵǸ֮еġ
ҶʾʲôʲôҲܹӦõġ֪ҶڵĴΣա
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ҶǶʱ;ԼϵǼ˲ٵģ񻨵ĸƶɵ˿ǣǸ˳ȥ
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ˮǣ᲻ʱͷ֡ǿǵĺܶ࣬˲뵽˺ܶĲõͷ
ҶʱġǲҪҶʻҪҶʾݭûлҶҲΪǵԼֵǮġ
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ʹҶ룬ǲ񻨸ϵĲҲǻջҶʵУʧˡ
ߡҶһһģץˮ񣬲ǹŴǰС
СӣȻ򵥡жһͷȻΪǿֶͨΡҲѹˮִҪˡҪصʵû֪ģǶҪҶǲǾˮΪ˴ˡ
ҲһҺҶʵΪߣҪҶʵΪҲͬһĻǲҪ˵սˣĪı¾ǺһˡҲͲüˣԿô뿪ˡ
ߣαǡոյĴҿǱİǻεļסġڣû档ԺĽ㣬ҪǻԺĻˮҲûҪҪԣϿһ㶼˵ġ
ҶĬˣոˮ˺˵ġϵѾûа취ˣˮû̵ķѣѾˡҪǵˮǿ»ҪСһˡ
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ǣһ𲽣ƺ֪ˮǵ뷨ǹ֯ɵĹſٵʧˣһŴŹͷˣҶǳĵطĹִµĻ˿֯Ĵ
ɶ񡭡ĿǳĿɲѾˮǰ¶ҲˡʱĹ񣬼ֱǲˡ
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ߣֹңҶзݡϿĴͨȻҪǿѹеŭֿʼ˿ߵĲ
֮ǰȡ̫˿Զ֮ǰļͣЩˡȻ˵һͶϣһεĺܺĿӣԭǴ˺ܶ౶ˡ
֣ǵ΢ȶһ¡Ҫǻ֮ǰĻǲ֪ڵԪ֧ܲŵͨͨġ
ʯ·ϣһصľҶʴˮʣڰнɣһɣٶȷɿ졣ҶϵһпģʱʱĿһǱӡ
ԶϡɫĹâ˸ںĸ·ʼյĵҶǵ󣬲ڱҶʸ˦
ҶʣûԷôôʿȻû˦ǣЩֹš
ҶһͷĺߣҪ㵹˵ɣȻû谭ٶޣѾ˼ˡŵģһߵء
Ҷʣ˵˻ôͲ˰ˮҲһ㶼Ҷʣڿࡣ
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570 ·ɽ֣
ҶʷٵĿ񱼡ҲٵĿ·ǰܵвһ·ķӣҲ֪˶ԶҲ֪˶á
·Զ񻨣ûκεĲҪһֱʧʯ·ڴ̼ҶʣҶʶҪƣˡ
ʴһУⶼ˯һˣôܰôûеءѵһûоͷʯ·
ǵģ˯һΡʣˮҲһӵġȻȤ죬һǱЦһֱӵģûʲô仯
ûãˮѾˡҶʴŸ·ûʲôҪ˵ҶⱼҲ̫ˣûа취ġ
ȻˮʾͷǳԾĿҶʵϣ˯ˡ
ҶҪĶְ̧ˮʸȥ˵ͷˡҴ·Ǿǰﲻæ˵˵ҽƵҲǺõİ
ҶҲ֪˶ˣһ죬죬һ£Ҷʲ֪Ҳǲ֪
طʼģûʲô½档Ҳụ̂ûʲô˽ڵʱġ
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ҶʶƣˣŵҲˡȻĿ·ģһĽܹ࣬гֵʱ׼ϢǱϾڳڵԪһֱԼ
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ˮʵ˯ˣĵĿҪʱҶǶҪʱǳתˡ
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ǰһߴ壬ԶܹͬΪ̫Զò̫УֻܹһںӰӡ
Ѿ㹻Ҷ˷ܵˡڳӾƣ͵ʱǳ˲һĶҶʵ˷ͨ˶޷ˡ
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ˣҿˡͻȻ˻
ҲˣҪ֤ʵԼĲ²⣬æĽӹ˻⡣
ϻôһ磬ֲϹӡΪֻ㿴õʮֵıӹǳĲ
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ҶˡǳڣǵģһǳڡÿһжڰοԼԼϣȻĻĻ˵ġ
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⼸־ǿ߿ģ̺ǿߵһĵΪÿһʶܹɽ塣ǵӼ
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ҲδزһӼУܹһ˿־ǿߵĵ뷨


571 Խ⣡
Ҷʴˮվɽʯ·յ㴦ҹ̣֪˶ˡ
ҶʴʱȴûнٺϲãûȶĴ㡣
ȫ񶼱ʱͷɽסˡˮ֪סҶʵĲɽ塣ɽǼƵƽĴ֡
ҶԺе˻ʽϵʵǼ͸İĽ⣬̼˻ʽ˻ʽǼֶˣҶҲǣ˽ȥ
Ҷʿһʵȷһաа貵Ľ⽣Ҷʵгȥϡ
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Ҷп˵˻ʽûֱӵ¶档û㹻Ԫ֧֣˻ʽҲӲʱסҶʵ壬˵ڵҶʣȻʶģȴԼĿơ
ʱҶʿ˵˻ʽҲ˵Ҷʣ߶ǡ
ˮʵУʱҶϢʮֵһѳ˵˻ʽʩԼķâʩԼĽ
նŤˣܹĽ졣ͷϷҲһε콣ڻ´Ȼȴƴһ޷赲Ĵһ㡣ʮֵĺ˵ġ
ߣҶһߣǰ콣Ħµĵ涼ѿһӡ
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еɫѿոǵƥԾһܶ˶ˡȻԪĹϵǿסǹǽ⣬ܹ˵궼Ҫѵˡ
ǰֻҶǡ㲻ҶǷģҲҶǿĵˣԷġ뷨˵رĺõġ
ҪҶǷģҪӵСˣնˡ뵽֮ǰ׵ĵǣҶоͷƤЩ顣
һλõĶַġҲûбҶǷĺ϶ٵģӵ⡣
Ҷǰû̵򼸸ֵģ档δ֪ĴڣǾǲˡ

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˻ʽˣĴҶʵüУɫЦ˸ץС
һʵûзֳʤպǴһƽ֣˭Ҳκβ˭˵˭ǿ˭ġ
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Ҷ³һѪֻΪһ£ѪЩڰˡ
Ҷʣû°ɡˮЩģ֪Ҷʵʵ첽߹Ҷʸ
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ҶʵɫϢǿ׳Ҳ˵ӡˮһѶҶʣҲҶԼǰԴصĿ˵ϡ
ߣȽȥҸطϢϢҶҲգĲͷɽһȥ
ˮҲ֪һǿ϶ǻˡҲǸ취ȻʣǻǸҶɽһȥˡ
ո˻ʽδ֪ǿĽ棬Ȼֻж̶̵һҶʵջȷʵס
˻ʽҶʵ壬һ·ߵԪҶȻ˵ǲܹĶҶʵģĸӦڵÿһϸ΢ı仯ġ
ǰĽ⣬ҲȫҶʵǸУҶǽĸܡ⽣磬նһУҶ˲١ڽϵ費˵һĴɣҪ߼εġ
ңǽ⣬һһǰϢġҶʶ˲䱬Լȫľѧǳ׵ˡ


572 Ƭ̵Ϣ
ڲɰʲôʱ򡣾Ҫ˷ܵķйһ£Ҳֻ͵֡
Ҷںƣ룬ʱıϮѾǿҪҶʵļ˵ġո˻ʽһ£ѾȫĳҶʣ޼Ԫġ
ңôһ顣ҶԭûжˣԶĹǿǱܱٵǰ·ġ
ҶʺҪҵ鷳ģ뻹ˡǿտҲˣû㹻ԪܹӻǿĹˣҲһɱЧֻ鷳
ҪǣҶʾãŹǻдá֮ᷢʲô˵ģùǼ̽·鷳̯һ˺
Ҷʲͣ᫵ɽпٵǰɽľĵģǱȽϵʪһЩ̦޺ʲôģʲôûС
֪˲ıܣҶҲͲڷ˼ȥ֪̽Χˡ˼˵Чδصвǿ
һʶתվҶʵʶԼȻһ֪ͬ̽Χ̦޺ʼǴƽ͵ĲûԤҲûиҶʴΣյϢҶһ
ˮҲʼǲĸҶʵ󣬱һľ롣ھҶ̫ԶҲ̫ڵĿ
̫ԶˣҶΣ֧Ԯϡ̫ˣΣգһʱͱһˡΪԼĵϣСһ㣬ûʲôġ
ûйãڵɽУǼ⡣ǰԶ͵Ĺâ˽ɢ˺ڰ
ǰڴϢһ°ɡҶʵ˵ɽԵİȫϢظѵĵط
һ뿪ɽ֪ʲôڵǡԻǰԼľ˵Ϊá
Ҷʾ͵ص˸ĵطϥ£ˮʣʼ˹ظ
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ˮҺƲ˳ģйŭխɽУصĻ죬ĴҶǵĶС
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ûʲôµĴ̼ѡˮתԪ̦޺ʲôĶסˡһǱҶʣˮǿġ
Ҷʾĵȴšǹŭ֮󣬲ûóȻĽȻǾڵɽУ˵ʲôδ֪Σա
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Ҹոճʯ·ʯ·Ҳȫʧˡոһ͸оаԵĽ⽣Ȼ˳µĿɽϵļ֣һµĻۡ
Ҷǽ˼ĳ˽ȥᡣû뵽ˮк֡
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ⱻǿеĴи˹ˣҪٴνʮֵˡٿɽϵļ֣һۣ˾ÿ֮⣬û˱ʲôдˡ
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Ҫǿڵɽʵ׼ʲôΣգˮָʲôϲҶҪȥˡ
˼ȫԭϥʼظԼԪ
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һɽڴϥҶɽһͷڴҲϥ˫˭Ҳ˭ֶͬʱŶԷ
ҶʿٵԪԪĲͬǶԵģǴԪ뺬ԵԪ԰֡ҲΪͬʱǿйصİɡ
һʱĹҶʾͲԼġⲻˮҲǾЩԾ
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ʵҶܹôٶȣİѲ˹ϵġҶʵд̫ˣİҶԪ
еïܵĸ룬ʱ޿̵ĶȡԪʱȫҶʵڡ
Ҳ˵ҶʶҪյˡֻҪϵѹһֳӯԪǺ˵ġ
ңҶЩϲǡôĳģǺܾöû˵ʵ˴ͻơ


573 㲻Ҫƨˣ
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սȭͷҶ泩ֱҪˡܹĸӦпֲݷĶһ£ܹ˺ա
ϾԣȻҶʵΪȵһЩһʿˡǱϾ˼άҲһǰѲСԵġҶʻûסĶһµ档ɽ嶼΢΢Ļζ²ٵʯ顣
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ҪҪʱЩëȻʵǱҶǿģǴʱûɵЩ顣
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ڸʲôҶŭˣԼǰ̽·ˮʲæҲˣԼֶŵġ
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Ҷʲˮת˼ˮ֮ľ롣һֱˮţҶܸоǹֵֹġ


575 ҪѧԺ
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ˮôһ˵ҶͻȻãԺѧԺԼһˣκ˽ȥȻȫߣһĵط£ǷǳĲİ
ҪȢһƯͻݵţǾ͸ˡ簮˿ˮ񰡡˿ɰˮŹֱ֡Ű˿§ˮ񡣲ԣֱˮ§Ű˿
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Ҷţı۾һˮޱȵ¼ҶʾñǿЩȣȵĶˡ
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ҶʵȻԼ˼ˣôܳءҶǰһֱⴿʾ˵ģȻĴ󣬶˶˰
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ҶüͷĶ̳֮õӰû뵽ȻһСȻǱļ͵ϮҶҲòĶԴ
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ҶСӣһֱҴŰãˮһǷˣһץסһԵҶʾͲˡ
ʲôҴˣҶĿˮ֣ʮɻ
ͷƱϢ˵ǿҵϢˡ㻹˵ûвҴšˮָǰġ֤ݡʮֵߣԼҶʸϷˣˡ
ˮܹĴڵҶʣôöʲô¹ġˮһֱΪҶʵģҶͻȻͱ¶ˣĪͱǸץסˣϡͿľƨˡ
֪ǿȻǿǲûӦķһֱսңܾⲻʲôӡҶҲɻ󣬰Լ֪Ķ˵ˡ
Ҷʽֵ⼸غϣʼÿ죬Ҳ졣ȴĶǴϵûԪ򹥻ҶʣϢǿʢڵıҲˡ
ƴ壬ҶĲ˭ҪҶʸϼģҶҲǾԵĲ˿ĵĺͺµġ
ⲽͷӾǷǳõ֤һʼҶһֲ֮⣬ȻܿľͱҶʸһֱѹŴ򣬺Ľⳡս
ڵһģƨˡҶʴ󲽵ǰȥνո˵ҲˡǱͻȻѣҶҲܹСĵӦԵġ
ҶҪ⵽ĹȻܹԼˡ˳һ£ûԪǼٵġ


578 ѿꪣ
ҶȥȻû˵ͻȻѡȴʱֹˡ
𣡡һľ޺ͬʱһӴӰԶĻи߸ߵԾⵯǳǿҶʶЩġ
Ӱļ죬ڸոԽգ۵Ĺ򣬾ѾǵҶʵͷˡӴһӰյģһ޴ħɽһ㡣
ҶһֱעţǺӰͷʱҶʾѾǿˡģһͷԳͨëڣٲһϡ֫׳֫ͨһ㡣һ˫ɺ죬ĶҶʡ
ԳϢޱȵĿ񱩣еٵ£˫ֱȭͷ״߸ߵľٹͷ䣬ϱ˫ҲҶȥ
ҶʲҪӲһ£ΪоСɽ̺ſֲҶʻûеûµĵزԣǳϵһԡ
ֱۣҲǼӿٶȣǲҶʵ˵档ǿ͵ľ磬εҶʵһڶġ
䡱һ޴ĺ𣬵涼һʼվڵˮ񶼱ض𣬶˵ϡһƴ͵Цˮ׺ݵĵһۣȻһ飬۾еЦôβס˵ġ
һУԳЩŭſٴγХһһУгһԳͬɫڵĴꪡӣЩ򵥵ĻƣȻЩˣѩܵӰӡ
ѿꪣҿԳٻһѱҶǸоһЩϤϢˡ
ڣǿտǲһͱҶʵľջģҶʼ¡
ѿꪵϢǿʢһ˿ڣϢĴꪣûбڣȫͬİɡ
Ͼڣеı󲿷ֶռǿıġ
ԳΪǽƱԼƱҲͬǱεˡֻǸԵϢ̫ǿȫڸסڣմȾϢҶûиӦ
Ҳ˵ĹȥˡֲϢǿޱȣȴûʲôֻ֡ƾǿս
ͨһУҶҲͷˡȻԷķӲǿƵķ򹥻Ҷʾ޾κˡƴ壬Ҷûһĺµġ
ѿꪣֿɲƽ׵ģǿΪԼİźҵȡġ
ѿꪣǿޱȡĻӶܹ˺ѿռ䣬Ϣ档ѿµ飬ǱҵñΣᱻ˺ϡ顣
Գֳѿꪣǿ֫Ǹ߸ߵĹ𣬾Сɽһ㡣ץһѴڵѿꪣҶ
ǵģҶʵĸо˵ģĴӬһ㡣
ҶʺٺٵһЦĴƣڵԳǴꪽҶһ˵ɡ
䡱صҶʸ߾ٵϡֻɫȻ貣ɢǿҵĽ⣬ûбꪸҶϣҲûиˡ
ҶΧԶһȦ̳ʯ˵棬ܻ졣Ҷʵͷĺڷ볤Ҳǿ͵ľ紵Ʈ
ʱռ䶼ֹͣһ㣬Ӽ˼ǷһҶʣһԳŹ̬ûж
Ҷʲǹ˰ɣСֹţⳡ̫ڵĹˣʶЩΪҶʵˣû֮ǰôĵˡ
ţһԵˮĵ˵ͷǳͬʵ˵
ˮҶʵ̫װˡǴӣôһ硣ҪǱĻ֪ҶʵĶٱˡϵһ鼡⣬ܹҶʻҪġ
ҶĶ֣ȻûȻҶǴꪾ˫֡űĴⲻвô
Ҷȷʵյ˺ܴĳʱ䲻ڻڵⲻ˵ԷĹ˺Ҷʡ
Ҷȫ԰ȥġҶûôˣƬӣֿ϶ͻģʱ֪ܹʣ¶ٵġ
Ҷѡ˰ڣȻҶ˵ҲʮֵĳġϾԳͻȻʵ̫ڵĿˡӦ˵Գһʱڶ޷ڶ
Ҷʳһⰲսϣŵġ
ۣûûˮ񾪽ţǷǳĳԾ
Ͼһɽѹһ˵ϣ˻лĻôˣʥ⣬ÿһֻӶܹôġ
ҶŴꪵƣսĦϵ죬ꪸ΢Ĳͣ


579 ϵˣ
ҶץסѿꪣѾվ˵ϵľ޴ԳѿʼҶʵ˿ġ
һ˶һӤ֣ǴҶܹ뵽ģȻӤ
ʵȫ෴⿴޺ӤͻȻĹץס˳˵֣ó޷
ˮǿҶԳĸоңоӾ뾫ϵĳĸоҪǿϲٵġ
һֻϣںһɽǣֻϣȻֹסɽı
Գεķֱϵļⶼ΢΢Ĳ˳̵޷ѿꪳ
ҶʺٺٵһЦץѿꪵĵ΢΢תҶ˿ԳȴһʹɫеĴꪸͿƲסҲ΢΢ת
𣡡Գ﷢ˣſ˴ڳҶһ¶һںʮֵĺˡ
ԳĶţһصʯնǿҵ𶯣ˮǲضֿٵ¡
ǿֲˣѵ涼һ㣬ĳһȦεĲڿٵҶķȥ
䡱ҶҲѧͬصĲ˵һšԵӵĸͣնҶһŸȱˡ
ҶʶĿȴʮֵĺá涼олζͿҶʷˣøӿٵٶȷ˻ȥ
顱ҶʲȳһȦεľصĻԳĽס
䡱һ죬ԳܵػվȣصĹҶʵǰ
⻹ꡣһٶģҶܵ͵ϮƣôĶ˻ԳѾ·ʱ򣬻ҪҶ鷳
ҶʱǸӣǺзִġǣ˶ģйһкڰһ棬ҶҲҶʳоӵʱ򣬵ȻҲС˵ʱġ
Ҷʱŭǵʱ򣬾ҶʽСģʽʱڵҶʣͽСģʽˡгϲʲôպ˵˵ˡա˵ҲҪģҶʻϲֱӵͱˡ
ѿꪵּ΢΢ԳѿꪣͱҶʸбˡ
ˮʵľȻûнǴŵ컹ûбϡȻҶʵһǸӵľˣҲŵøˣԼ͸˺ѿˡ
ҶȻķ֮Ļķͬ˵ͻȻ˵Ŀ٣˵Ŀ񱩣˵ľӾ
ץѿꪵĺҶһţ߸ߵԾ𡣵ȳԳһѴꪵĸ߶ȣҶͦˡ
Ťתַٵһǳɡ趯ɽɽصı˵ϡ̳
ˬʵ̫ˬˡҶʴʱ飬Ҷϲսģɡ
ҶʲûͣڿУеѿꪳΪҶʵĽĵطٴתұԲԳˤ˳ȥˡ
䡱䡱䡱
Ҷȫˣǵڶ壬ȫͲġһҶǻ泩ġ

СһЩôڻζУѵʯ·ϣ˽̸
ҲоˣһΪҵĴ˵Լţͬޱȵɻ
ˮʲô鷳һǿޱȡҲ˵
ûȻϡǱиսˮһ֪ǳһֵСӡǵս磬򶷶ôˣǸ鷳ڰ֮־ԵҲпϵķһ¡
ûӦֵĳڴҲСһ㡣֣ȥġҪС·Σգֱӳȥˡ뿪ˮǾˣҲظƽСĵĸӦΧһС

ˣҶʱˣǸˡˮĸ֪ǿԵҪʵģһѡ
һ㶣ĸӦһ£һȷʵǷ˹ǿҪˡʱĹǣѾǿҪֵĳڴˡ
ҶҲע⵽ˣһηİԳǳڳͶ˹ȥ

ͬڹսǴŵ˻㣬ҲӦ𶯸ӵľˣ֪Ѿڳڸˡ¼ӿٶȣǰȥ
ǣոյڴǿһƬѩףӵĽ׵ӣȻһƬڴǿҵľżѹ˹
ȥ˸Ƕŭˣڰ֮Ҳŭˣſڴһ
ͬʱ֣ĴϮĺӰ֮ϣӰȻ׹ء


580 ҪԼȥң
Ҷһ£ʱġڹǳ֮ǰͶеԳպܹڹ¶ͷһ˲ͽǵͷġ
ҶҲܹʱ˳ĽڵϣǿͬʱҶҲܸǳһСġҪ֪ҶʿͿǲ˳˵İ
ȻԳȻˡȴ˹ǵϣȻ󣬼˲ʯ·Ʋסĵˡ
мҶֻһƽҶʵʱ򣬼ǲסĺˣȻ󻮹ʮ׵ʯ·
ӴӴ˼˼ʧˣʧˡû뵽λôļʱԵҶʵʾ£ʿ˵
Ҷʲ㱩¶Ҫľù̫ڵĹעԼˮ񣬾ΪҲ޷ͻƵġֻΪأǱǿ󣬸ɳ飬Ǻ
һ졣ô˵ǱȹǸӵĽӽڣȻһԷǰԼҲȥô
ߣ˭ԵˡŪһͷôʲôֵýġһȻ񿪿ڷʡ
ǲҪʵ΢΢𣬲Ҷˮûʲô鿴ǸһɽƵԳĹǵȻҲûпġȻĻ˵΢ԥһ£ȻϸĿŻشġ
ҪޣҪޣȫҶҪޡŭˣЩ챻ҶĥĿҪˣǱ˳ˡȻǿͷϵģһġԵ·ˡЩһ
ô˵أһͷĺߣû뵽Ͱѹ񶼸Ūıˡ
ʻλƵķɵ˹ǵǰǵ棬һԳеĴꪡ֣ԳѸٵСڵ壬ꪸСѿ꪿ӵĳȴˣпֲг˯
û뵽ôĶǸȻİҪҪˣ˵ҪҪҲǿҪôں˰ɣɵ˰ɡҪǣ壬ûˡʵıѿꪣĻ˼Ϣ
ձʸ趯ķ飬չֳѿꪵĲޱȵĵ⣬ǿ׶ҪˣڹǰҫҲ¹ͻȻˡ
̫ˣȻǱǿ׳ġƴ۽¿ɵʵ۾ʹɵʵᶼҪˡ
ʵŬ£ǿ˹˴㵡ϧŭһӡʾֵˣֱֵ̫õˡ
ȥȡѿ˳ϷǵʱҶҲȥȡһսƷˡ
ƱѿֱꪲͬҶʸƷҲûпı塣Ҷһӣ͵͵˻ʽϢ̼һ¡ƱŻĿʼС
ֵĶҶʿЦáһѳ֪õʲôĲʣнɫ˿һ·ѽǼõģޱȡ
ǻͻڱҶʸصĲ˼šҶ֮ǰ֣ô˼žͲˡʱָ˱壬Ҷˡ
мĲ֣ȻҶǼŸȵġ֪Ҷʿ̫׼Ҷ̫ãζǲͬһط
ʲôֱͿҪȦһŵˡĳʲôȫͱˡ
˻˵ֱͿˡǣҶֱģҲûõôҪҶȫ֮£һŪŪô
ڣ֮еһѾǱҶȡˡҪĻҲǲԡʿһѹǵעҶʵµԼϡ
ʲô˿еѿꪣۡ
ѿôıǷǳϲġǶθڡңꪵĹҲǱȵϹոѰصĹ񽣵ˡ
ʿھȻͳ˼ȻǼˣȡ۾һգգģֱĶеڵĴꪡ
ʲôʲôҪеİСһĵͷʺٺһЦҿû˵Ҫ͸㰡˵ҪõҲǲԡڣıط֣ȻڣڸˡҸϽķͷңҲҲġ
ҭסˣҪǿһƵӣʾһĻ˼еĴꪡˮֱӣǰıʼۡϵķҪĴ㡣
ʵĻһ£Ҳûпܡֻ֮ǰȱʸסˣûķȥ롣


581 ·
ʵ˵ЩȫҶʵʾ˵ġҶʲ棬һֱڸʴ˵дʲôǳɹסǵעŲùǵ˼뷢ɢԼ
ңҶѾǸӦˣڣǰԶˡڼѻεʱҶѾƾ˻ʽӦڣϢ
Ϊ⼸ܵڣĿƵġȻôٵľҵҶʵġΪڣ֮޵ϵҶ׼ȷĲ׽ڣķλ
ãȻǾͷֿȥҡҪǲСı˴ˣ׼ĳֹڸоͻһϢô鷳ˣҪﳥԸôܲĵء
ĺˣʱҲûΪѵ˼һжεĿĴ˵ȻǾˡˮֱӾʹӦ˶ԷҪ󣬴ҶǾתȥҲҶʾѡ˵ķ
ȵȣȽ϶ǷʲôġҪǵ·ǻ·ˮҲľ뿪ˣֹˣҪ·
㡭ˮŭû뵽ԷҲ˵ĽƻȻǵļƻˮ˲ֱŵĸоܿľͱߵҶʸסˣûˮķ
ȻϲǾøɡһͺˡҶѾˣԼôӰأʼǻᱻעġ
ҶԵվ˳ֱԹ񡣷ڣѾҵˣͽߡ
Ҳ˵ò˶ãͻǷ˵ġ
ˮԵЩ֮ǰҶʶ˵ȷķˮֱӴ·ȷķߵġǲ֪ΪʲôҶʾȻʱˡֱӰڣķ¶˹ǡ
ˮôĸҶʹɫҶʼǻҡͷŪˮûа취ˣ֪ҶʵǴʲôע⡣ȻҶʼ֣ˮҲЭˣûִҪ֮ǰĵ·
СֵҲڣǸİȻСֵ㶼ô˵ˣҲͲˡҪҵõ࣬ʱһǷָСֵһЩġЦޱȵſ
ˮСȺĶаһˡϵЦݣѾβסˡ
Ҳһ㡣С壬֪֮ǰΣĿǰȻҶʵСʹΪġ֣ùǶǴ۾ģеЩͬ
ѾµҶЩ׵ıܣҪǾô࣬ôĴĻǶȥˡ
Ҳûж룬ֻΪҶʵ츳ĵطʮֵĹþˣôΪһ
ҶʴʱվЩ˵ȻһɵģǳôˮദġùЩˣлļɵˡ
ǣȻҶڵΪʲôѾҵ˷ΪλͻȻתõءѵ֮ǰǹķŵԻ
ɹ룬ҶѾˮһ뿪ˡߵǷɿģܿʧ˹ǵУϢȫʧˣӦˡ
ˣǿɡͰ֮ǰ˵ķߡҪǷֲԣ۷׷Ҳ١񲻱ԴװĲ࣬˹Ǿӣ֪ЩʲôˡֱӾͿڣһ
˵꣬ҲģֱӾͰҶѡķ뿪ˡ
Ҳ˿ıӰȻ˿Ҷ뿪ķһҧȻ˳ȥ

Ҷʣʵ̫ˣû뵽Ȼһ֡ô֪ǿ϶ǻ·ġɣҶ㱻ƭˡˮʱﻹʲôŭ֮ģĵĲˡ
ǣҶݼˡôˣҶ㱻ƭˡǼӿٶȰɣȺϻ쵰Ҳޱȵ˷ܣߴҶʼӿٶȡ
ԭ֮ǰڹǵǰˮʵɶݳġΪľҶʵľγɶԱȣùǸӵĿ϶Ҳӵľᡣ
ӿٶȸУ˭˵֪ǻỻ·ģֱƭʲôˣҶһͷĺߣˮ˵ľǴһ
Ӵ㻹˰Ǽͱװˡǻ֮ǰ·ȷôˮҶһı飬档
Ҳǰ룬ҶʲϷ̫˰ɣԼԼƭˡ


582 Ҷʵƣ
ˮͣˣҶҲͣˡˮĶҶһӣӣӡһӣӹȥˡ
Ҷʻ̹ȻˮʵӣǲΪûκεı飬Ҳû¶κεš
·ȷģˮЩͷˣѯš
ҶҲǵɴ۾һĲ˼飬òԼԴˣҶʵԴŸˡ
ϻһʼ͸ǷˣôǼٵġҶûк˵ŰۡѾܿ϶ĸ߹ˣΪǼٵġⲻԼƭԼ˵ô
ոôô󷽵ֱӾøˡҪ֪ǵݻûȫع⡣ң㶼ѾùǼɵˡҪǼõĻҲûκεİ취ġˮŭˣ˰죬Ȼһ
ǳЦ˱ɵƣЦ˰졣ȴ֣ɵԼоǲܵİ
ԼĴ㣬㻹ΪǾʲôĺôҶʷ˷ۣһĸ粻ôķǳı飬ˮʶסĥҪҶʸҧ˵ġ
֮ǰ·ǻνġҪǲãҶǿһҵڣҲһڣΧԤʲôʣиʱӦԡ
ҪǹǻҲνġڣľôõõôеΪ˾ܹȾָô汻ǣѵͲΪôȻǵģǱȥˡ
Ǿùҵùͷۣ̽̽·ҲǲԵģǸǳľ
ԣҶʲʾˮֱӾѡȷ·Ҷʻ¹ǲϹģû뵽ˮֵĹڵļУǱǸֵġһ̣ҶʾãԼǰˮ˵ġ
Ȼ񿴵˺ôڣԼ֣ǳϵľѡˮǽ
ʱҶֺˡôڴӦԷʱ򣬲öԷɣһȷ·ء
ˮʵıɫݳְҶһΡҶݵģˮҶһ˲䣬Ƿǳʵĵķӳ
ô˵Ǵùȥ̽·ȥĵˣҲ˵һֱұƭˣ֪ڱĴҶʵĽͣûˮķŭˮӵķŭˡ
ңҲǡҲӦķԼ֧ˮ񣬶Ҷʱʾ˺ǿҵķŭ
ˮʾԼ̫ˣΪҶͬһսߵġָͲǵģȫҶУΪ֪ڷıĴʮֵǿҵС
ҶʸոԼݳϷ磬ûЦΪҶ˵İ
Ҳƭǵİ˵˵ҸǵʲôʵģҶȻˡ˵ˣҶʻûƭˮʡҶ˵ļ仰֮ǰˮǵĶģֻķչ˶뵱ȻĸԼԲˣԼѹ¸дȥˡ
ҲӦʱʱ̵̿ĶԼ뷨ͬǲ˵ǴҲǿԵİ
ˮ࣬Ҷ˵ûֻԼ̫˰ˡ
ҪǸˡͻȻ¶ô졣Ҫǰһ̻ھܾȻһ̴ӦˣǻȥҶʱ͵ģǿˮûû˵ľҶʻǰе˵˵ˡ
˼˵ǱᱻЩ֡ˮһ㶣ȻӦ˹
ǣôܻڹǵǰ¶ڵġˮվͬһսߵģˮѣҶҲŸ͡
죡ʣˮûôõƢˣֱŤͷһɤӡ˵ʱҲνˣȻҲиʵݣȷʵͦġô˵ұأֻȻɣ
ʣ
Ҷʣ
ʾԼûȨҶʻˮ񣬶̬̫ˡˮǰһ̻ͬһսߣת۾ͱˮˡ
Ҷˣûп˵ˮǸҶʿ۽ˣԺǿʲôãҶҲˡ
һȻͶԱĿˡҶȻû̫࣬ǱϾǽĲжϵĴսЩĵġˮҲתԪԼ״̬Լǿ״̬
ȻҶʶô˵ˣһȥ϶Щ鷳ġǰ״̬ãܹݵӦһС
ҶǶ룬һ֣ͱǸֺſˡ
ϢƬ̣ҶĬĬʱ䣬Ȼʱ·ԭ·ء


583 ڹ꣡
䡱ض΢΢һ¡һѩ׵ӣţؼ䶼ҫ۵İס˴İףʲôˡ
ˡҶǶһۣȻ󶼵óһۡǹȫԸ˰ɣȻô˵Ŀ¡
ȥһȣԶ¡¡죬ҶǶܹЩ̶
һɫĳգϢޱȵǿʢǻķܸգϾȻŵѹǵһĹϢ
ɫĳͬɫĻвûбסʮֵۣƬͬɫĻǳıһǰѳؼΨһ
Ƴգǰǰһ޴Ӱӡһߡ
ӴޱȵģһţԴ߸ߵ˻˻ӡӾǺɫһ㣬׵˺ա
ʱĳȻţǹԿˣŷŭ𣬶˹񽣡
ϡһ죬볤ײһ𣬷֮
ǰһ̻ݵĳߣ񽣸һնΡʬӸ߿׹˵棬ڿбرӡɺ죬ǲǴʱȴѾǱնöˡ
ߣһߣͻأжǳһ硣
һӴ建ڿնǶյɫӰȥ֮ǰն˱ӵĹ񣬱ͻȻֵӴĹˡ
Ҷһ߸·һ߶һ¡һֱ;޴ڹꡣǰ˽ʸУͬһֶصĺظУϢܹ˰ģܹһеĹ
ȻǰǻЩġǶ˵һԵҪӵİһЩȱһƵá
Ҷв²⣬⵽ʲôȻܻγӡȻʲôˣҪǽôĶữγӵİ
Ĳ֪ʲôˣȻܹ˵һ鰵ĵطǺܺõ֤
Ҷʺ˼䣬ĲҶʵĴдҶʻûзӦʱѾǳһ鶫
һƣֳΡЩʱҶ˼սǱԵʱ򣬴Ҷʵϵġ
˵ʱùһ֮⣬֮ûôʹˡ˻ʽҶʣõķôõõƵء˵ˣҶҲϲ˻ʽȻǸӵĶҶʵθһ㡣
ʱҶ˶ʱĶơҶʿƵĳҶʵĴܵٻ
ҶʵĴһǰȥһ߿ٵķŴתۼСǳҶʵ壬ڷŴֻҶԶˣʵʵĴСˡ
Ҷһ㶣Ŀһ£ǶƣڹϵȱǴǸպõϵġ
ˮʶɻĿ˹ҶҲʼɣʾԼҲ֪ô
ٶ죬ת˲ͷɽսٵ˹ϵȱڴеĻ́ͷҶ
˫еɫĹâʵһ㻯񽣣Ҷ
ߣˮصһƬնͻȻһ㡣ͬ˫⡣
⣬Ǳһ㡣һһ̣б飬ıĵ˵֮ϡдһ˿
ջӣڹꡣ׼ȷ˵ڹڻǰƶȵùջ˶Ҷǵעӡ
֪ǽлôģʱٴε˳˹ƣǸһ㣬һֱ׵ĺΧڹ겻ϵתϵ
ҲϣڹꡣһƽһƵģѧǾչסڹϰȥ
ϡһΣȻٵĻһλãΧڹ겻ͣнĽײ
ˡҲͬץסڹжص㣬һȭһƾ̵ĻطǹʵĶӡڹĹϡ˳Ƶ졣
񽣵ĹȻƽȻȴڹĹûκεİ취ġ֮⣬ûκεá֪ڹ˵
ЩŭڹĴԴ˹ȥˡǶõģֻйԴõİɡ˵ˣڹжҲ㹻ʱȥڹĴԴ
ǳһڵ硣ҶǶǰһڹԴһеĲӰһ֮ǰı׾ӣչֳ˿ֲٶȡ
ҶʰԾٶȣҪ˵ȥˡ


584 ڰ֮
ߵһմߵģȻǹԿˡ
ȱʧһ飬㶼ҧϵġɫѪҺ˳ŶϿڳ·䣬ֿٵع⻯ŨĹԪس
ڹĿУһѳǹ񽣡ڹһ΢΢𶯡
ˡշŵ֪ڹ̫ɵģǹ񽣾ҵɵġ
񽣲⣬ôĺƻģڹûҧϡ΢΢һͷ񽣾ͱʽ˿С
ࡱһŵʵҶҲĸһڿˮĳôıȥʹʧˡ
һͷĺߣоϵʹϵʹӵ̡񽣽Ŀеʱ򣬾Ѿʧȥϵ
ϵ˫ش֮£صȥ³һȼŵѪ
һʿ֮ǰ磬ֱӰѱӶնˡȻͳһֱڹ˵ġȻϾһѱ³˼Ѫ
ȻܣҲ϶ǰ˵ġֻǺֻڹֻ꣬йʱ򣬲ǿֲٶȡȻƽʱ̵ӣޱȵĳٻȻĻ¹綼˵İɡ
ֻڹҲʮֵĿ£Ȼսǿ򲻴͸Ź񹥻˹һ󡣵ȵͷҪԹڹͷʱһɱ
ǹ񽣵ļʱӹһ١൱ù񽣣˹һ
Ȼո£;Բҧôļ򵥵ˡܹס˵ܹ׳ٵˡ
ʾЩϧҶͬǾЩϧˮȻҲЩϧʵ̫˼޵ˡ
ٶʲôطʲô壬Ӳ˰ҪôǸ϶ָ֣Ҫôܹһӽ˶ֵģȴֶ־Ȼӵˡޱȵ鰡
ҶȻΪ˹ûƨеЩϧģȴڹй˵ٶȡĻٶȾûӵõûܹ俪㹻Ŀ¡ﻹܹסڹô
ڹôӴθǼõġ˹Ժڰ֮񣬳˺ڰ֮ͳʣʳˮȻֵԼˡ
㿴ҶǸôĺӣԼһʱʲô¡иһʱعԼһ֮⣬ûʲôôˡңҪ־һЩջһܹѱԵ˵İ
ˣڰ֮ȥˡڵĶƣƱ΢΢Ĳǹ̶ģܹڲ󲿷ֵĹֳììĶ΢΢ת׵͸աˮƴʱûչֹ֪ǶˮˣǾڹ̫Ѳ
߶еİɡ
ڹ˻ȻǶͻȻֵĺڹЩԼչˣȻʱǶԼ̫ţǿڹء
ڰ֮ٶ֣ڿһڹ⣬ֳһŨīزʵɽˮ֮ڹⲢǿٵɢȻ˵ڱ䵭ȴΪΧɢԭ򡣺ȫΧڹӴȥ
ڰ֮еĳìʱĴ̳˹֮ϣȻûд̴ʱȴ˾ҵÿһì̳Ũڹͬʱɢڹ֮ϡ
ÿδڹͷɹʱڹ궼ԴԺڰ֮йһ֮ǰʼǲ׾ȴӡ
ڰ֮׼еһƣ˵ǰ嶼˺档ڰ֮񽣲٣϶ĽṹƵķ˲١
ڹĹڸոײڶƱʱ򣬾ѾǱǲתŵĶж˴룬ʣµ˰Ѻڰ֮ɣûκεˡ
Ϻڰ֮ǰ˶ƵĽǶȣʹڹĹ˺ڰ֮˺ڰ֮ķеٶȡ
ڰ֮Χڹ·ɣǺҵûͷӬһķСʵмѭġ
ÿδ̳ȥĳìһһסΧƵĺúɢԽԽŨȵڰ֮ڹĶ˴һǹ֮ڹ궼ʧˡŨĺ˽ȥ
Ҷȴͬʱƾ˻ʽմȾڣϢĶĸӦʼղʧȥڹĸӦǺڰ֮ûԤϵİɡ
Ϊڰ֮ô˷ôʱ䣬˭˵û˶Ŀͼеء


585 £
Ҷ˫۷ӲӵĽ⣬Žɫıʯһ㡣ǱŵĵطҶǣȻ͸ˡ
ڹ꣬͵졣ȻĥڹܿڹڲţȻϸ΢̫ˣܹĿ
ҽ첻ڹ꣬ȻҪҡڰ֮ڹĹ֮ϣŭš
Ҷһ㶣ʲôʲôڹĪģڰ֮ʲôֶθסˣôڰ֮ôҶûж룬Ĺۿźܿľܹõ𰸡
ڰ֮һʱʱóìصûڹ֮ϡһβõĳìļ˲֣õİѱ
⣬ҶʾͲúڰ֮֮ǰĺֵˡ֮ǰŪĺҶʿԿ϶һһʲôıʲô˵ıȻıǼ˵ġ
ڰ֮еĶѾˡںУڰ֮Ҳɢȥʼŵĺ¶ڵס塣
һ壿Ҷʾˣû뵽ڰ֮Ȼӵġ
ָɿݲ԰ףһƤڹͷһǲ֣Ǹ˵ֹǡϿϵĲλ¶档ͬûһ˿Ѫɫۿݣ˫Щ͡ȧǸ߸ߵ͹𣬿ʮֵˡͷݻƵҵͷǵļҵԴϡ
ҪۿǺڰ֮ɢȥ˺֮¶ӣҶʶǺڰ֮񡣾˵һ߷绯˵ĸʬҲԲΪġ
ǡڰ֮¶Ĳ壬¶һЩ󣬿Ǳһ㾫һ㡣
һ߸ʬһ߿ǷһܹĸʬȻܹе鶼ɵ
ڰ֮ڹĹ֮ϣҲ֪תʲôۿɼڹоʳ˺ڰ֮УȻ˳ֱ۱͵ȫ
ڹӵľˣЩ־塣ڹ̫󣬱ˡڰ֮֮еĳìʼнڹصûϵûֹͣģʼܹ
ûʲôģһĴҶһ߹۲źڰ֮Ķһѯߵˮ
ô֪Ĺˮһ㶣û뵽ҶʾȻ֪顣
ˣûУˮǿģҲҶʵĲ²֮СҪǺڰ֮˴ŪĶܹ׵Ŀǻ粻Ūˡ
УӦûˡڰ֮ͻᡣһаŵĹԼһڴܹĳĹ˲ˣġ󱻳ϵˣĺڰ֮ҲǸʱġˮȻ֪Ҷô֪ܣǻʵ˵һصϢ
һˮ֪ǣĹȻԼ˲˹ģȷʵкܴЧܹĶԿܹºܴһֵĹĺڰ֮ʱˣȶͬ׵ǿ߶֣Ҫؼǿߣ¡֪ôģϢ©Ȼ󱻴ҷˡ
Ҷʿֱðڰ֮϶һȦĹ嶼ҪɽˣҪԼαܶԼ˺ĵˣͼ󣬾ԵĲ״ġ
ҶʿĵʹǾ޷ܵġڰ֮񣬻ǹ̵İԵˡʱڼȡǿľԼǿ
Ҳ˵ڰ֮Բƽʱ¶һıµġƽʱһֱڲ׾һʱףôãǾʵ̫ڵĿˡ
Ҷ𶯣ϢȡҶ˲侪ѣϽжڹ޵ϵ
˭ڰ֮һȣͬʱٴα֣ˡѭĪҶĶǼһɻĲ⣬۾ŬҪ͸Ǻ֮µ
еĪʲô˭ѵڰ֮ڹӣ˻þ
ֻҶ֪ʲôոй¶һ㣬ڰ֮׽ˡһ𣬲ǱܵķӳˮʶɻĿҶһۣȻ֪ʲôֱΪҶйϵ
֮ǰҶ˸Ī⡣Ȼڰ֮ͷһĪŭ߿϶ʲôϵġ
ҶȻװе񣬵ǣҶʽӴһʱˮܹ֣ҶʵıЩȻЩӲʸһͷҶʲˡ


586 죡
Ҷʵıʵ̫ˣĻûпҶʳֹıġڰ֮ڻ̽飬ѯʡ
ˮҲɢԼ˸һеҶ֮ǰµӵԲ׽ˡ
ˮӣڰ֮ܿľջĿ⣬Ѿ˾ˡҶҲ˼̽Ĵ㡣
֮ǰʲôˮʣҶʵı˵ĽӲƭƭڰ֮ǻУҪƭҶнӴˮǼֱǲܵ顣
ҿ˺ڰ֮ڴ塣ҶʵĻشǹײеĹҶЩ
ʲôֵģԣһĴԼ塣ѵˮԭûʲôһһİ취ءҪԣҲ֪ĺġ˵ˣҵԪΪ࣬ҪٽһֱϼѵġΨİ취ڶʱЧġ
ǵġһĴջ˺ڰ֮壬ɿֻһƤŹǼܡȴܼӲнĹض˵ǹĹˡҶһƣоù͸ˡ
ʲôǿƫƫһʬҡҪǻһŮԡࡣ̽һܣҶʲǶôĹٵġ
ˮһɻȻѯҶʾΪˮ񿴲ֻҶʲ֪ΪʲôˡҶҲʱشˮʲôҶʾͻشʲô
ʲôڰֱ֮ȡڹеľʲôŭ𣬻ǱײǺڰ֮˶ĿŪġҶʶһԵ˵˳ˡ
ˣֹû뵽ڰ֮Ȼ˿µĵزֲƽռĿʾˣôڱ˵ǰ¶Һֵ£⹦ʲôطõġˮҶʵĻȻһֱڸ·ǿͷȴǳһſ˵
취ֹǰصôôãһֱû¶ġھȻڴ֮ͥ飬϶ͻƵĹؼʱǡڹдáˮñҪֹڰ֮ľʲôõҪ
ˮ˵ţͰĿ⿴ҶʡҶһͷĺߣҪֹȥֹ㿴Ҹ
ҶʵȻ֪ǣˮҪҶȥֹġҶʼȻܹ͸ڰ֮ܣӦҲа취ܹסڰ֮ġ
ҪҶ֪ˮ뷨Ļһ˵˵˵ġڵĺڰ֮ԵҪעһĸоˣʲôȥء˵Ⱥڰ֮ȡڹʱ򣬹ľʹɡȻͲˡֱӵͷЩɱȻôһ˶ռˡ
Ǻڰ֮ĹûдɣҲڵҶֹܹİܸʲôȻ˻ʽǳķ񣬵ôע֮£ҶҲóİһˮҶʾݭԱİ
ˮҶʶھϵʱпֲϢԶ˲ͰҶǸˣȻɹıע
Զһѩĵâٵĳޱȣޱȡ˺գһƬٲ
âĿסڵһУǳźڰ֮ȥġ
ϡһ죬ᣬ˾Ķĸˡ
ģĻпˣǱն˵ıɴһ㣬Ի䡣
Ҷʿһݵ˺ڰ֮Ļĺ˺ڰ֮ļιϡĽһ𻨡𻨶пֲ뾢עУʧˡ
ڰ֮𣬲㶼ͻһɢˡ֮£ԼµڹĿҲˡ
ڹʱ˺ڰ֮Ǳĵâƿնȥˡ
ͻĹ̫ͻȻϢȵǿֲϢֵʱ򣬺ڰ֮Ѿûʱȥ׼ˡ
ڰ֮ûü׼ƶûȡеĳìûиһ£Ѿ˵ġ
ңˮɻĿ⣬ҶʸϽҡͷʾԼû˿ĹϵԼ˼ô죬ǵâѾǳִڹ˵ġ
Ҳ֪㣬ղŶûж֪֪һЩ֮صĶˮ˷ۣʾԼֱ
ЩϤǲ֪ǲǡӦòǵİɡҶ룬Ȼһ𰸳
һ˲䣬ǵâϢҶʾϤġһȫź۵ӰҶʵԺУҶʻôܻ᲻֪ء


587 ˣ
ҶԺͻȻֵӰȻˡһϢеĻȻһҲûнӴΣʱǲãֵʱҲӵĶˡ
ҶʻļǵáôˣȻǰǶ˵ڽƮвġҶʳƮôãĴǼٵġһβ㱻һҲɵġ
ʱõľǻǰ쵶͸˵ҶʣҪǻǲǶصϢĻҶʿȥһεˡ
ڣ⵶âȻǰ˲ٵġ֪λôģǻϢǼģҶʻǸӦˡ
ҶһֱڽԼᲢ۵ҪûһĽ˵ȥ˭ţҶҪƭԼҲû취ġ
ˣԼʱֻһģȷʵûпӰǴʲôطأǴʲôطģ˶ˣоǣİй۲Լжˣ
Ҫĸ˵ĻҶ;ñġԼ磬Ȼ˵Ѿܵ͵ˣ˼ȫһġ
ѵһָߵôȻ֣һֱˮĻƤĻɻ¡
Ҫ磬һԼİɡΪʲôûзųȥأֻҪ͸¶һʵȥԼӾͻӵġȤ˵İɡ
ѵУˮ񿴵Ҷʵɫ粻ģ΢һ˼ʱҶһЩˮܿľͷӳ˹Ҳ뵽Ǹصģ˻һʶ۷ǿߡ
ʲôУ޵Сޣ޵ж㲻ϣֻ֪ڰˣҶ˻ʵĶ֡ˮ˵Ҷһͷĺߣʮֲֹ˼䡣
㲻˵ôôܹˮһ۵СǣҲ֪Щʲô
ô֪Ҳã綼ҪʰģһȻ˼ңˮĿ⣬ҶЩ˵
ˮޱȵڴģĺҪ˻ײȻƾãˮҲûо˻ġ
ֻĴţ˵εĿ¡εɱϣεɱǵ˻εε壬ǽ²ľ
ˮҶʾһʱˮվԼԼĹ۲Ϸǳ͹۵˵
ôҶʶһҪǸҶһڣ˵ҶʲɱԣˮҪǸɱ¾ŵǲʮֵ塣
Ҫײһ𣬻ᷢʲô
ں˼ʱҶܽǵĸ
ꡭϣҶûйΣڿǵʱͷ˽ŲŲڶѻһЩ֦Ҷĵϣ֦۶ϵнŲҶġɳɳ
ڵľЩţҶҲܵġҪǿٵĳȥ˵ᱻԷΪе⣬˲ıġ˽ŲͿԻһ¶Էǽŵ񾭡
˫֪Էе⣬Ҳǻ΢Ļһµġģǲ̵ľͶֵġ
Ҷʼ˳ȶüͷȺ壬ողܹҲ˵ԼĹʱ򿴵ҶǳôĶЩġ
ô˵˵ġǻܹսսҲǴ޷ġҪˮʱ͵ϮĻûκεİ취İ
İɣûжġȻ˵Ƕж⣬ǲҪС֮ĶȾ֮ûʲô塣ҶЦȴ˸кȻ˵ûҶʡҶҲΣǳԻ˵š
ǰҶЩЩƢֱԼҲˡȻһõǰĻǱƬĸٵ˵ġϵǵ˵ӣ˿ڴĽ׵Ļ꣬ѾУ˻ȥˡ
ҶͻȻ뵽һıһͷŨܵˣǿеŪͺӡ̫ƻУҲ̫һ㡣
ʱ˵ϣĿϢʵûܵʲô˺ⶼǱԼġϢôãѾǻָˣϢ˳ˣû̫
ڰ֮Ҳûȥ˵Ǻڰ֮κεӽԼʱƣƽնҪʵ࣬ڸסԼһеϢûй¶˿


588 ֪ˣ
ҶװŲ⣬ʵһֱ۽ǵ۲źڰ֮ġҶĹ񶼱Ҷĸˡ
ҶʣˮҲڴźڰ֮֮ǰҶʵҶڰ֮ȤˡҶһЩ͵͵ġˮֱӵĶˣźڰ֮Ĵͣһ˼ӡ
ڰ֮УԵϢһ־ڹģǻûбڰ֮ȫһ֣Ȼĵˡ
ڰ֮ھȡϵĴԼͬʱڿٵɢ˿ϵ總֮ҵĵ
ڰֱ֮⣬Ҷʲ׽˼ƣĸһ£ȷϾǻɡ
֣Ҷʵɫѿ࣬ˣҶеһ˿ҵɢˡԭΪҵڣͼˣû뵽Ȼͷ
Ҳ֪Ǵģô·϶ûпӰءҪ̫ˣǾͲ̫ˡڣҪǿ١Ҳ֪ǻֵܲܵס
ڿҪЩģҺ֮ǰûжǶ֡ȻĻǾ൱ǸܵСҪҪľѶΣҲ͸ˡ
ڱҪӿٶˡ棬ԲʲôϢ֮ǰҪĺЩƵȥģڿҪĴȥˡ
ѾˣҶҲȥ˼ֱߵһ߿һӣĿ񡣹ԶСһ룬һֱǣǵġ
ҲǸӦǷĵҶϤͬǾϤһɫЩÿˣܾʱһУָСָоǲܵġ
ˮɫͬǺѿǻֻǾúڰ֮ʱϢе֣ôҲ벻ɹȥġˮһҶʵǰԤڸӦһЩڰ֮Ϣв֪ء
Ҷʾĵȴڰ֮Ҳ̵۾ԼڵԪ
ߵϢƽȣʲôԵĵط۾ͿҶǣʲôû˵صһ¡Ǻڰ֮ĶҶһ
Ҷ޾壬Ҳûбֳʲôڰ֮ӡˮ񣬿źڰ֮񣬾ǲεˡ
ˮڰ֮һСҪǺڰ֮սʤУͳܹ֮ŴұøǿҲˡǣڰ֮ҰľԵĲֹڴˡҪǸ档
㶼֪ˣڰ֮ˮҶмصɨӣҶʵϣʵ
֪ˡҶʵĻش𣬲ûмȥ
ǶĪôϽˣӦ˵ûκεĽӴĲŶԵİڰ֮ʵĪҶʻشĸӵĪ֪ʲô
ɻĻֹڴˡ
Ҳ֪ˣҶʿѯʣƽĿźڰ֮ȻҶʱֵĺƽȴеԪ˻ʽҲʱܹȥ
ձһӦЩϵȻ֪ˡҶʰĵǣڰ֮ͬû˵Ҷʵ飬Ҷһ
Ҷʵ뷨ܼ򵥡һڰ֮˵ǿ϶Ǳ¶ݡʱ򣬴Ҷܹ뵽ԼΪڣġһͲԼĻˡ
䱻ȵıҶʻںڰ֮Ҫ˵ʱͶܹ֡Ϻڰ֮Ļܹˮ룬ǲ֪ӦӦóְæġ
ڰ֮Ե˽ҶʵĴ㡣˵Ǻڰ֮ҶͬĴ㣬һǲҪھͱ¶ݵġҶʷ˲ԣǱϾҶʻû˵ǲ֪ġ
ȻҶ֪ˣʲôְˮԪӿҪźڰ֮ȥġ
ˮ뷨Ҳͬļ򵥡ˮУڰ֮ǱҪ˵ĴڡȻ˫ܶ¶˶ԷǸӵöԷˣֱɱˡ
֣ҶʴһͬʱץסˮˮĶòͣˡ
Ҷ鼱֮ġȻҶ˼ľٶٴεȫ
ˮŭȻôһССʹֹˡңǷǳȻҲ˵ǵһˡҶˮ񵽵ʲôϵ
Ŷ֡Ѿ¶̫ˣҶҲͲˡڴҵע£ҶʿˮĲӣС˵
ˮòеһĨ˲ľʹӲաô֮ͥ£һ˵׽ˮЩΪ顣


589 ݣ
ˮͣȴʵǶ۾ġˮ񣬻иǺܹĳƺšӡһΪģҲ÷ǳˮķ
ΪˮһǾҪʲô飬ͷϵʱûֹܹġ˭ǲеġǽ죬Ȼĸࡱѹסˡ
ǶǶ࿴ҶʼۣǺڰ֮񣬿˻һ˼Ĺâ
ҶЩڲͬҲڲ²ҵʲôݡǣһܸǡһԿ϶ǣйͬĵˡһ㣬룬ոճԿĺڰܹ֤֮ġҶ֪Ѿȥˣץˮ̸ģҲûҪſˮ˼
Ҷ˵ɣȺͻȻ˹ġǵʱԼҪˣҪأҪء
ûǵˣʱǵġǵĵˣǵĹͬĿڲԶϣܹסҶʵĻһ䣬֤Ŀ˺ڰ֮񡣺ڰ֮񵭵˵һ䣬ٲǸĸоˡ
ǵڴʲôգ㵽ʲôݣʲôʱˮкڰ֮񶼹ˣҲЩİɣҾˣôöûгˣôͻȻһӾеˡңһĸ㡣ˣҪ֪𰸡ɱڹĸо˾Щ¡
һıһı̫漰Уǲ¶С֪˭Ϊıùģ䡣
ȻѯҶʣǴҶ˲¼ɣû֮ǰǾͬĸоˡ˴˶˿ˣмһľ룬˭Ҳ˭ˡ
˵ˣҵʱǡڣйͬĿ꣬Ƿǳ϶顣ǼٵģʵֽʣҲһˮǵĻ顣ҶʷǳڵҪľǶԷ¼ɡҪľǶԷ˴˻඼Ρ
ǶҶľ棬ҪǶԷ֮ǰһһģǽʱпܻᱻ͵ϮôһͣԷҪ˼ͶȥˣҲûôĹȥˡ
ȻǼٵġһһֱЩ֣ôʧ֮ͳˡ˸ĸ࣬ϲй䡣ⶼ봫еЩңȻϢܾЩΪȷʵ޷ðģûж롣ڣޱȵ貣µıʯһ㡣
۾ôչʾĹжô˵أתҪλҵ۾ˡȻѾǱʶˣʾͶˮԱߣһˮӣһ߶Źĺǳš
㡭ŭݶѾʶˣԲѵġң仰ζʵ̫ԲˡˮҲĶԼסˡ
ʾԼ޹׼Ͳ˵ôոֹֻܹ̫ˣֱҶʶЩܲˡ
ˣҵҾ˵Ĳ˵Ҳ˵ڴұ̬ҪôҪôһǰ֪ڣ׼ȷķλҶʲǹû飬Ҷʸʱ䰡
ҶʵĻǶĬˣҶʼ˵񲻶ϵ˸ȻǺ¶ĵġ
ʱڰ֮񲻶ɫҶطڰ֮ʱľٶǣ˴ҵġҶǻǹǣЩԲ׼ڰ֮뷨
ڰֻ֮ߵҶǵĸȻվˡ
Ҷһڰ֮ѡǶ֣Ȼ֧ҵڣ˰ҶһͬʱҲڰ֮ôҶʵȻ֪Ϊʲôºڰ֮еĿģһֱûбֻҪʲô಻ҪԼ塣
ڰ֮ˣԵǸӵԥˡҶʱһҩ
һ˵ˡոڹһļһڣ֮в֪ж١ոջ˺ڰ֮ǵӦΪġѾˣҪҪܣԼŰ죬ϣãİɡҶʲ̲˵һҩˡ
ȻҶʵĻеһȻӣһֱҶʵϣȻ֮ǰˡѾˣǴһеѡô˴һϣѵбѡô
˵ɣڣʲôط񻷹һ£Ѵҵı鶼УȻ󵭵Ŀڡ


590 ڣ֣
ҴһĿ꣬Ҷ˵Ƿǳõ顣ֿԹĽЩȥԼˡ
ʲô飬Ǳȸ˱ĴµĿģ˻ƨƨߵĸǰˬء
ҶһֿУоǸ˱Ҫ㡣˲ûкµģһһ򣬻Ǯֻžͺˡ
ڣҶڵλòʮˡҶѾǸ֪˵ġǲ֮ǰǵâķȫ۷һطһġ
ҶҲϻһȺүɢһȺֱӾڣȷķȥˡҪɢҲǴɢˮҲˡҶһүǣɲһȺүɢĶĵ顣
Ҷʣǵ׳ġݰڳˣˣûôĹ˼ˡһȺһжҶҲ͵Ϯ
ҶʳһľǿģǿȥءͻȻŪЩʲôµĶܹսһֲһ
и߸ĶŵģΪ˵ɾǸ߸ӵˡм·ҶҲܹǾŵʱгʱܱİ
ʮ·̶˵̫ˡô˵Ųո̧ȥĿĵؾ͵ˡȻ˵ҵж೤˵һľ룬ɢɶ㲻ϵġ
ûпѾǸоǰгķܹ֮һеĶ̽һʶҲӰոտ˵ʱ˲ͱ˵ģɲǼͱĥˡ
ǰһŤĿռ䣬ܹʵĿǴһռ֮һ
УƯżߴķĹеֻһذǴĹ֮дصı¶ˡ
Ӧڣ֮еĶϴοڵϲͬʱƯϵġ
һֻڹ꣬ſһͷֹģǳķŭƾϢĸӦӦþ֮ǰӺڰֵ֮½ѵһֻڹꡣС࣬ûһĺˣǻһСɽһ
ڹſһͷϣͷ֮ûб¶ʣµļֻзͷĿշأӦѾǱȡ˵İɡ
뵽˺ܶ࣬ǱһϵıӣӦþеһҶʴһ񽣣ӦһʼձʸץеѿꪣӦҲǵ
ˣѾǺ˵ġҶǸոսͱڣˣȻǰ͵ϮˡҶǸѡ
ĸ·ùڣȥѡǾûôõˡ˵û㹻ʵˡ
նһӣһ񽣡öὣڹ˿ȥˡ
Ķڹ꣬Ŵҵ棬ѹ񽣸ȥˡ൱ڵŴҵޱȣùû˿İ취
ڹˣǱڹ̽ĹʲôطȥءҪ֪𰸣Ҫڹ֪ȤԼҶͬҲڣѰңǹʲôط
ⲻ˵ҶҲϹ񽣣Ҳ˵ҶҲҪ񽣵ע⡣ǣҪǵЦ񽣾õ֤
֪ڹǷ˹ôģڴҶѰҵʱڹſһ£һĭһɢ׹âĳʹӿз˳ˡѰǧٶȣȻǽȴڹĿй
ʱĹâҪڣ֮зɳȥġȫͬϢȻǴ̼Ҽŭڣ֮е
ͷ֮е΢΢𶯣ȻûзɳǶ¶һƵĹâȻѹ񽣸С
Ҫǿѹƹ񽣣Ҫѹ񽣸ͬһġ񽣲ǹһϵסû̵ݡ
ģȻǿҵĶŭʲôǱ⵱ԼĶӵءҲ룬ߣӣҪȥ
ҶʵпȫӡڸߴңǿǺİҲǲµİҪĲ£ֱӳȥˣߣʲôӣĥĥĿΧʲô
ţҪӳ飬кúõһȻеĵ˻ڹؼʱһġȻ˹װǻƣҶʻǿڼʵȰš
ڴҶһϵˣɲɹ˹ˣҪ۵˴ˣ۵ԼˣǿǲеİҶŵġ


591 ֵΣ
Ҳã㵽ʲô취ȥȷʵЩ׵ġ֮Ƭ̣ȻԤ֮еĸ˵ǡ
Ȼװװӵģֲɵ棬ôֱӳȥġһڹܹҪҪģڹķͷƽƽȥء
ǣôţʲô˵ʲôǸӵĶӵġЩϴ֣Ϊ˵ӣѾǱסˡ
Ź˸ղŵҶʻῪҲڹԤ֮еġ
ҶʵӣȻʲôҪҪġôܻɹأǲͰҶʵļƻȫ˵ô
ǿ档ҶʳѣʾϸĹ۲졣
֮ǰ˶ƯŵļظעȻûϸĿĵطġ
ҲֲôңҪҶʶڣһ˽⣬˵Ҳҵһ˵ġϾеǿġҶڿһʺԼôȥˣ˭ء
Ҷʵѣſ˵档һǳأͨ嶼ɢĵĹâשɵһ
ǳǱ׼˼ĶĽģأкǿҵĶĽϢС
ҶʸոտʱҲǷǳĳԾϴɽпģȫĲһ֪ڣӡ˵ڣǸʵҲĿܡ
ȻҶʺ˵ڣӣϴǱĲùģΪľΧĻΪһ塣ֱϸҶʣΪʵˣڣŸű仯İɡ
Ȼ˵ͬģǻкܴġҪڣòǲ˵ϴαװùðˡҪǣΪʵűġ
Ǿ˵ʵǿˡڣӵˣӵĥ͸ˡҶ˵ɲʲôϢİ
ǳûһ飬յġûһƬţϳǳɫһֱĸоĳǳأжǱĿһ
ҶڳǳѰңԼҪҵ˵ʲôطǿĶһƬĽҶĸоЩԾ˵ʲôطԡ
ڣڳǳص룬ҶʿǵӰһܶĿϢʲôģѹƵ˼ޣֻ˵ڵ
ǵ̫ܲ󣬲˸߶ѡվһͶصĴ󵶡Ӧǻɡ
ܣҲӦĵˡҶʼһͬİҶʶ˵ָоҪܶ࣬ûܸ˵ĸоǿҡ
ܾǻһһֶµơҶʿǲͷ¶βģ滹Ҫסȫĺ۵߱ġ
ǿǲõӣҶʻһֻҪϢǾ˵ţûаܡ
Щ׷ߣҶȴûпұеÿһ䣬ûпЩ˵ӰҲ֪ڲС
ǿ쿴м仹мӰϢˡѵ˼ġϾϴڣǴ˼ɽġҲͬǿǡ
ǿɲʶˣϾֱӱڣģûǶϡ
֪ҵĴʲôܸоҶСӣЩ˵ۺ塣Щ˵ϢҶʵ϶ܹҵֶڡڰ֮񿪿˵
ҶĿǻֵĺڰ֮һۣüͷ΢壬ǲûпʲôڰ֮Ѿų켺ô
Ͼںڰ֮Ҷ֪ԼܵġǶ֪һ֪Լܣ֪ԼĿĵˣԺڰ֮˵Ǽõġ
Ͼڰ֮ùﵽԼĿġǶҶʣȴ޷áһ֪ܵˣôǣԷҲͬĿġ
ҴеĿģǡʲôҪȥȡģҲڣˡҲҪҺȻǲܹȥҶ̹һ㣬ֱԼĿġ
Ҷʲû˳һġǣҶԹˣڣ֮Уô׵ġң׼ŭЩ
Ŷô˵˼ˣڣ˵Ϥ̹Բѵǣ˻壿ҲζˣԴϬֱӴҶʵѨ
ôֵأҶЦ׵Ĳù˼ˡ


592 Ҷʵĵƣ
ҶЦЩ˵뷨Ҷλ벻׵ء
ڰ֮ôҪڵĳԼԼû˵ȥڰ֮֮ǰͰԼɵܻĳΪܡ
ʱ˵ļС޷ǾǷڣ⡣ͬʱַ֣ˮһߣеôǿơͬҪҶǣȻڣ
ϾһҶţôĶЩĵİ
˻壬·ôõķϡֻҪԭ·أǾͷǡҪ㣬˵ûа취ڣطġϴڣܣ㲻ˮɡ΢Цֵĺ㣬˵ĻȴޱȵĹ
ܷǣ˲ңˮǹᣬҲǲܹġ·ڰ֮˲ͲˡԷǣǺڰ֮ô֪Լܵء
𼱣һû˵ء񵭵Ŀڣ֪Ϊκڰ֮˵ļСҪ˻壬ȻҪ̵ĳˡ˼Ĺϵ֪ġһսġ㶼ûгɳ˿µʵôɳȥءҪ֪Ϊ˼ҪսģΪ谭ġ
ߣ׳աҶЦŹǵıʮֵĲмģڿһȺһ
˵ʲôڰ֮ʱŭҪҶʡҶƣǸ˺ڰֵ֮ĽڡκпڵĻᣬڰ֮Ҷʳ˹ȥˡ
Ҷֻо춼ˣһƬڣʲôʲôӦˡҶҪƴʱһˮɫӰҶʵǰڰɢȡ֮͵
䡱ˮĺڰ֮ʵʵĶƴһǡǴһ㣬ֲľɢˮȹߣ¶ѩ׵Ľס
ҶˮʲôΣնûУȫˮˡ
дŴŵıʱıǴ͸ġֳɫڲһ㡣
ѣڲĺɫҲ˺ɢ˿С
ôˮ㻹ľѱ˰Ȼְһ˼Сӡһʼ֪ߵ˵İɡҲһ㣬ڰ֮˵ҪʱһΪ㿪ѡ񵭵Ŀڣе֮ɫԲ˵ġ
׳աһٴˮҶʷġƽųĵûкη塣
˵ʲô㵱Ϊһˮܹ㡣Ҫ֪ˮ붼ύġһֱϡڰ֮˵ҪҶˮĲ
ǵΪԶˡȻҲûа취ڣ֮ǰ˵ˣҾ˻ʣôϲɡҶһĮ
ûУСӻ˻塣Ҫ簡׼˼翪սȶɱԷһǱӡСӻΪû취Ȼ˻ʣڻ̫Сˡڰ֮ЦҶʱ򻹸ݣֱ
һɱҲʲôˡңֹǺڰ֮񣬹ҲݲҶʵġ
ΪżľԴôͳ˵˻ʣȻڣа취ڣҲܹǵ汳ġȻһЩίҲõĽˡҶ˵ţתԼԪҲڣ֮дһơ
ܵҶԪĴ̼ڣȻƶǳ˸ĵĹâӵıˣеĴĹҲ³˼ˡ
ڰ֮˵ˣǵϵıҲһȻû뵽һˣԷȻбֶΡ
˵˻ͷôͷȴΪ˶ԷıɡֱһӵĺûѲŸɵĳ鰡
֮ǰƤ˵ȫ˺ˣҶˡ˵ҪԷĻˡǳתۣҪԷȻǲôܵˡ
ңڻĲ֪ôԷĹϵֻҪҶһŭѪӿˡȫԪڣ֮һʲôˡ
ڲԼҪҪԷ⣬ǶԷ벻ҪԼˡ
һǾ仰ڴҸ֮ǰţһº󣬵ʲôͿԵֶˡڰ֮Ҳò¼ˣǵ˵˵˵νʱ䣬ѹһҶٴԼ뷨˽֣ҶʻҪЩһ
ȶĬ֪˵ʲôڰ֮һͬûпڡ


593 ̯ƣ
֪ûУΪԶһ˵ʱʱͿԴ󷢣ɥĲȥһˡ𾢵ʱ򣬱ƮƮһ仰ȻͱҭסˣԼ֮ǰΪޱȵɵơ
ÿʱأô⣬ͳһ⡣غܶ˶ޱȵεģ벻ʲô취ġ
Ҳĸоо˵ǿң˵Ĵ˵ܹվ֪Ӧ˵Ƥ񣬻Ӧ˵ڣջ̫ˡ
ҶʾãҪԼĻֻѡҪôתߣҪôǰѶԷɱ⣬û֪ˣͲˡǣҶҲϣôΪڵƵһԼһ˫ܣԿһԼҶʻûôԼŰİá
ԣһļĬҶʾúãǳĺãҺòĺáţͦõġ
ôĽҲһ취簡ǺôðɣǺУҶҲİ
ҶΪһԱУŮĴүǣȺһ㿴ңҿѹôġ
飬ھͽȥҺܻҲˡ۾һΪԸ֮󣬻ǷֺôҶʸոտڣ˵ԼĲ²⣬ͿҶʾѹˣôͲһЩƽһءҸҪǣ⽩ֵʱԽ׼ʱԽھǿе壬ĵĲá
Ⱥ˵ʵһȺ߼˵һҶʾʵ̫ˡʱʱ̿ĶôɵԼȻɱԽ
ҶʾͲˣЩôͶԸɵԼôءûʲô̫ĺôңľѾԼ߾ͳԶԼôҪǰԼǼˣŭˣǴҶܵġ
һ˵ˡҪҪģԼŰ졣ֻôѡҪôһȥôҶСҪô̵תһǻȥġҶٴε׳һ⣬Щԥӵľˡ
ķӳҶ͵֡ˣͶˣͶˡᣬһֺܸӵӵҶʶ֪ôݳΣŵǿ϶˵ġ
Ŵҵ棬ҶһɫĹ⻪һѽӲӵĳͳСϢˣģй¶ȥ
ȻҶ˻ʽʵϢ˻ʽǱҶˡǶܵǷϢҲܵľ޴ƻ˼ģ޵Ĵ˵ѾǲµҶʵʲôˡ
Ҷе˻ʽǲ֪ľͰڣ֮˱Ƚϡ֣ڵڣ񲻹ܴʲô棬˻ʽҪѷɫٵġأ˵϶ڣʤġ
ⲢܴǶ˻ʽĿȣðĵ̹⡣ĶҶʡе˻ʽ
ҶʱķëˣȺôʲôȵİҪԼʱ򣬿ԼȡԼó˻ʽԼ˻ʽҲȵġûпЩһŮȵˡ
Ϊ˱ⷢһЩ飬ʾһ¡е˻ʽڣġûڣɳһЩ˿µο˻ʽУڣķɢĹ˻ʽҪġҶʲòٴεҸһ£ҪһЩð̹ĲǵĳˣǶԼ˵Ҳһ鷳顣
֪⻹ģҶһֱҲУһֱץˮСֵġˮҲ֪ǲˣһֱҶץҲûпҶʷֵġ
Ҷһ˻ʽһˮ޹ǵС֣ʣ̧ڣȥ
ڵԪӿһ˿˻ʽ֮У˻ʽ΢΢Ľ⣬Ƕһϼһ㡣
жһ㣬Ҷе˻ʽɵĴڣ֮Уһͳһһ˸ߴ󶴡ŤĿռ䣬Ҷпˣڣռˡ
ʱҶʸܵˮĿ⣬תͷˮŵһЦȻˮ̧˽ȥ
ģԼȥˣ㲻Ͷνˡֹһ䣬ǻ޿κεĸҶ߽ȥˡ
ҪǲȥûҶˮߣ֪Щ᲻ûһЩѺõġ
ʿõİ취ţ취˸ȳԼʵ̫̼ˡ


594 ⣡
Ҷʸո̤ڣ֮УǷĹĽֵϡҶ嶼˲ˣЩȻ
˲Ľʵ̫ˡһֱҶʸŵˮҲĸӦˡˮ΢΢Ťͷ۽ǵ⿴˿ҶʡҶҲڿԼԼһȿ޶ѿЦݡ
ˮҲ˲Ҷһȿ޺ÿ˶ٵЦݡˣͷ˲ĴҶʵдݵˮС
ʻ֪ô£ֻǾ˲ĲЩצĴ궯˼£žúЩ
аˡʽҶʵСֹšóǳʼ޵ɱʼڴ̼е񾭡
ҶȻǾЩԾȴûлͷѵĴ㡣ѾˣҶʸҿ϶Լܲȥġ
ҪԼĶˣ˵ǳض˲ĸԼġùҲŽԼֵһЩ鷳
ڹǣҶʿ϶һġҶھǵһзһģǶڹҶʵ׻᲻鷳
ҪҶʰȻЩһǻġֻҪкôôģȻǧʲôͻ
ȻҶڴҵע߳ȥԶת۾ʧ˽ֵĹսǴܹˣҪǽȥأ־ǺʵġҪǲȥɣôҶǵˡ
᲻ײǣ᲻ŵåǵȲˣٲȥʲôûˡ
һģǺڰ֮еԥʱ򣬺ڰ֮Ҳģֱӻһڹ⣬ǱҶ˺Ŀг˽ȥڹһת۾ʧ˽ֽǡ
ڰ֮ҲʮֵĴģѡҶ߹··Ҷ̽ˣΣҲҶǸˣǸӵĽֵҶǵȻҪȫһЩġ
ڰ֮൱Ǹһźšڰ֮񶼼еĳ˽ȥˡҲȲˣŻ⣬ٵĳ˽ȥ
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ôǿһ𣬾ʲô鷳ӦҲܹӦԵġڳ޷ֹ
ңҪǾԼһ˲ȥڰ֮ȫˣҲԼܹ֪ʲôΣյûзڰġ
ǿĽ䴦Ҷɿˮơ΢΢Ĳ˲ͷ亹һ
ʣһһ㣬鷳ѾˣʵľȻǲеģҶʿһ£ע㡣
ʲôҾ;һ·ЩĬԭ鷳ҶʣҺƴˣǰƵİ۴ţҶʡ
ˣˡˮվߵм䣬ֹסߣһսûб
Ҷһʼ;ЩֵģȴûʲôطԾһֱǶǶµҶʣҲЩá
ȵո̤һɲǣҶ֪ԼʲôˡҶʾԼҪȻ鶼ˡ
ڣ֮У˶ӴͨҲǴС֮ǰֻеļͷһѶûпİ
Ҷ֮ǰǳǳеĽ˸ŵĹ⣬Ҳûⷽȥ롣ǣҶڣҶˡ
£ʱ޿̵Ķ˱ķϢϢܲӣǺܶϢۺһһ
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Ҳ˵ڵҶһСУУ²ŵĸǵġ
ҶʶЩԼˣ֮ǰΪƭȻһֱûзҶһֱ˻ʽĳ嶯ģҶʸѹסˡ
ʲô˵⽨ôϴɽмĻҪˣҶʵĻըëˣëĻȫƬ΢΢ſǲɱ˵ġ
ʲôšѾǽˣڵҲǵʱˡǿҵǣǡҶЩֹʵĺ
Ҷ˵ѾǽˣƺҲûʲôõˡ
ڵҲǵʱˣڵڣҲǵʱڣˡʺҪ˵ģǿҶʵɫ̫ÿĻֱʸ˻ȥˡ
ʱڰ֮ٵĳ˹ˡҶǱһξ룬ʾûй뷨


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ڰ֮ˣҶ˲ͻһ̬ģĿźڰ֮лžϲ
Ȼ֪ǿ϶ģҪһԭҲںڰ֮ϣҶʲ²⣬ôڰ֮һǻһġ
Ȼڰֵ֮ʱҶʶҪжˡ
˰Ҷ̲סľͳźڰ֮кˣֱ̫жˡҪǺڰ֮Ҷһȥһӵڰ֮ǲͬģҶûжֻĿⶢźڰ֮
ҶҲ͸ĺ֮£ڰ֮üͷ֪ҶֻҪһġҶеľϲúڰ֮Щ
ҶҲûڰ֮شģԺڰ֮ķӳҲǺģҶʵԤ֮С
֪ΪΣҶˮʶͬʱһǾ˵ԡúڰ֮ǽֽģ̫ˡúڰ֮תܵͷˡ
ڰ֮ȻΧϢЩŹ֣ǲ֪ʲôҲûҶô̵ĸܣǲ֪ѾĴ߿˺ڰ֮ĳжôļˡ
Ҷʴͷڳǳ⿴ǵλǰҶʹٶȣڵȹǶ
һ㣬ߵĺڰ֮Ҳ֪ˡǺڰ֮ʲôû˵ʼվĸҶǵ󣬽ҶǸƭˡ
ҶǰҲʼСģΧҶʵľ裬ôҶӦģⶼ˸ˣҪǻֵģ˭ҸҶʡ
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ˮϢΣǸҶǲ̫ġûģʾԼϢˮ׽
ܵ˵һദģû̵ķʲôͻ
һ·ҲûʲôΣգ˸оԵϢӵǿˣǺطҲûа취顣ڸոսʱҶʾѾ뵽˻ᷢġ
⻹ҶѹĲͬѹ˻ʽϢҪǲεĻµһʱͻóǳرġ
ĹչһսǣǰһƬտǳǳеһ㳡мĵɼġ
ڣ֮ĸоͬڣ֮⣬ǵܵϢסˡУǵǻһ
˶ļ⣬΢΢ϵӣ΢΢ĿϡŵĻҲ΢΢𶯡
ʱܹŴҳһͨһְܵԾصƣӵˡҶԺгһ档һŲӣһµӣֳһϵ˼һ·ɱ硣䣬ģػصĿɱʮغϣûֹܹġ
ʼǵܣûиֻƺܱˡ
ǵ֮ļӰҲɼˡжʱûмˣǹòǺܺõġ
ͷİ׷ûôˣľͨһͷǿµˡͬʧȥ˹󣬲ǰӤĺˣҲǶࡣ
ڰ֮һģʼ貵ǹסӵǺӣסӵǹҲǰ˲٣ܹĿˡ
Ҷʵ۾֪ĺˣʱȺǿһɽоʱ򣬸Լ˳ˡȻĻ񶼳ˣ治֪Լܹܲŵס
ҪھǰĻҶʻԥ˻ʽͳȥģΪҰޣǶԲԼġ
Ҷһ˹Ϣ״̬˼鷳ġԼô˽ˣǶûһѹġ
ǰӶʲôΣڵԼҲΣգǸŪӵġ
ôҲǸ취Ҷʽ˽е˻ʽĽâ˻ʽĽ²Ҷ˽ŲǰϾ
ˮһ룬ͬԪٵĸҶʡ
ʰһԼ࣬ûȨҲȥˡҶˮǰˣԼŹҲȫԼǴ򹷵ӣôûˡ
Ҷߵļǲϰ׵ľ룬ҲǺܿľ͵ǵĽǰˡΧʼûʲô춯һжȫҶеĲȴӵǿˡ
΢΢ĶǲҶʺµĲ˻ʽڶ˻ʽһ˷ܵϢҶɫѿˡ


596 ڰ֮͵Ϯ
ڣʱ˻ʽֻǸҶʴԼӦĶһֱûй˷ֵܵġ
ϴ˻ʽʲôʱءҶһֵʱ׼ȷ˵ȡ˻ʱ˻ʽ˵˷ܵݳġ
º󣬲ʲô˻ʽʼû˷ܹġʱȻٴδݸҶܹҶľġ
Ҷʶеĳһ˿춯ҶʾͲˣ֮ǰǵ֮ԻϢô΢ԭģģ
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ô󷽷İѻԲɵơǿ϶׼ġȻ֪Ҷܹƾ˻ʽѹסģҶʹȡô
ʣ鷳ȥǶҡˡҶվŲˣŵ˻ʽʱܹȥġ
ҶĲ춯ˣȻҶ˻ʽԼǲᱻһѻ˵ġ˭֪᲻ᲨءҪһãԼᱧģôеĿʲôľͳΪӰˡ
ô¶̯ҵˣʿҪˣĵԼ۸ôİʲô߰ģõ飬ͶԼȥ
Ҷʶ֪˵ʲôˡȻԼһ𣬺ôٲʵģǻ£ͬûӵġûа취˵İ
ҪҶԼȥȥˡαػȵڵءĥĥô
ȻȻϾܾǻȥˡҶ֮ǰѾǸһˣ⣬еĳҪǲĻס˻ʽҶʵġ
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Ҫ˻ʽӦ˲ԣڷҶʣҶʳ־ͻһЩġ˻ʽĻȻ˵ûгԪӻ˻ʽҲӲġĻӦҲǰķӡһԪֻһ˵ĹȻͻۿۡ
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ҶһͷĺߣȻ˵ûдʿ֣аı飬Ǽôôһġ
ϵǣôĽӴҲûаŪѵġתĿ꣬ˡһôĺ˿޶
Ҫǿܸо΢ĺѹƵ͵ϢȷʵǴڵĻʶҪΪˣ˶Ѿˡ
Ԫ̼ǵĵԡҶʿѣΪоУһƻϢС
ԣצĵﰴȥһԪĵ֮С
ʵԪע룬ǿľ괺һ㣬Ϣǿܿľͳʡ
Ȼԭ򣬲û̵Ļظ۷ΪѾǳ׵ѹˡ
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ʱҼǲȺ۾ۣҶʵһ˲ЩɻȻЩ𾪣ҶʾȻִˣڣ
ҶʣСġҪҶ˵ЩʲôͻȻһȵӰҶʡ
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ҶҲ룬˻ʽҶʵбҶεץסתһ˳ȥ
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ֵʱյǸոպãҶһ˶Щʱ򡣲ΪϢԪҲˣŹЩ㡣ȻĻڰ֮һɲҶܹĸİ
ҶʵĲӻǱˣ½ɫѪҺǿܿľˣֻ˳Ų»һƽɫѪʾղҶġ
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Ҷʻû뵽ʱԼֵģңֵĻǺڰ֮Ҷʾ˹ˣԼûȶɱȶˡ
ڰ֮ʲô˼ҶʴŭҪǷӦ죬Ǳ˵ġ׵ҶʣҪǲӱˣǻлĻˡ
ʲô˼õ˵ô˻ʽ㲻ڰ֮ٺٵЦţҲһڵĶơһֳìһֶƣǺڰ֮ı׼ˡ
㵱ΪͳԶˡһʼ͸߹ˣֻҪҷˣܹκεʱǵ汳ġҲһҡУʲôҲǹƨҪлᣬŹңҶҵڲĨ˼£ɾ˲ϵѪ
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ѾŪˣǲֵͣˡΪⲻǵһҶ˺Ƥˡ˵²ⶼڼˣдҶʲôûзĿô
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һ룬վ˳ڰ֮վһںڰ֮˵ûдЩˣ֮ǰӦҪҶʵġ
֮ǰˣһȺͷģڣ֮дšΪҶʵΪ̫ˣʶǿޣһѵģֶҶʶġͶû׵ķȥġ
ڣȻҶʾȵˣΪԪ˵Уݽ̫ãûа취ӳ۷սͻȻôǿߣùǲòСӦԵġ
ң˼ʿĹǲԪģʲôƵ¡һӾͰǵƣˣͬһϡ
ڣǲòվˡŶԷսû˽ԷǾпܱԷġ
ҲǿٵȻսûа취ᵽе㲻ôǣҲ˾ġ
ֵǣҶе˻ʽͻȻֹͣˡǻѹͻȻʧˡҶǵܵķһۣüͷ΢塣
Ȼܹ֪طģңֱڶûгֵĴ㡣ѵΪ˵ڵ֣Լһһģú֮ô
ˣһģҶôԼ˵ܲκεͽ֣˭ửȥء
ţлҪ˵ҶЦҶǺƣԼƫƫĲ⡣ҪԼǹˣڻãôܡԼҶʣҲǳȺĺòá
Ŷ㻹ʲôҪ˵ġ·һķϣܿڰɡҪˣǵˡ񵭵ĿڣҲһЩʱ䣬һ¶ԷʵȻڳҪһЩġ
˵ʲô¸ʲôСԵľʱġǣڣǵˡڰ֮ͻȻЩҶ˵ԼйصġľͿڹĶŹǶ֣Ҷ˵
ںڰ֮˵ʱ򣬺ڰ֮Ѿһֶһֳìĳ˹ˡˮߣôúڰ֮ȥĹҶʵء
ڰ֮һǹնˣ˿ռ䣬Ҫɨǰ谭
Ǻվ˳Ȼ岻۷״̬Ѿǵ˶ˡһӣһǻԸգѺڰ֮赲һˡǸǺһ㡣
ô˵ôһƫҪ˵ڰ֮һصĹѾʹˮˣǳڰ֮ɱĹڰ֮һֱúԼĿʾˣ⹦йصİɡǸʬһ㣬ʮֵˡǵĵˣڰ֮ҲһǺùİɡҶһߣȻڵ˵ܣҲǺڰ֮ҶʼŭĽ
ȶĬˣ֪뿪˺ڰ֮һξ롣һ룬Ӻڰֶ֮Ըڹ֮󣬾ͶҶЩԣ˵һЩĪĻʱҶûж룬Ҳ֪ʲô롣
ھҶôһ˵ȻҶûó֤ǽźڰ֮ı֣ҶѾˡ
ǰ·ϱơΪڽ˾ȡôǡǡ෴Σյʱڣʲô˶ܹйġҶٴ׳һذըùȶƽˡ


598 ҶʶԺڰ֮
ҶʵĻڰ֮øӵԶˡڰ֮һһҶΨֱ֮ġ
Ŷô˵ҶʵĻҲЩʢ÷âڱˡ
Ҳо˵İɣǲǾΧһжйһǿıϢҶʺǺһЦ˵Ҷо˵
Ҷôһ˵ҶĸӦһ¡ԭûⷽȥ룬ֻľЩҶʶôᵽˣ׼˰ʾˣȥӦǷʵ
ҵɫǺܺÿˡڳҶʵĿмˣڣڰ֮־ȻаĹҲ֪Ϊʲôڣôˡںڰ֮˵ʲôӵľջء
ұôҡֻҪһͬЭģлȥġһΣڲһĺúõôǣڰ֮ĶԹһҪһµˣ붼Ҫ֡Ƕ飬ҲϲּİɡǺ޺޵ĶԼҶʸη壬ٺٵһЦȻ׳һն
ǱԼҲˡҶʿһ˵ıԼǲˬҲ֪ǲǹװĺӣҲڶҶʽűӣҶʲˡ
˱ӣҶʻԲģҲͱˣҲԼƭˡʲôҶʺ벻ס
ҶʵĻǶˣҲҶˡҶ˵ںڰܱ֮¶ʱ򣬺ڰ֮˲ľҶʵͬĵλˡŪ͸ϽŪ
Ҷڰ֮˫˫ȥظĴ𰸵İɡ
֮ǿ϶ǶҶڰ֮ͬġˮǾͲˣҶľǷǳĲģǷǳĵĵġ
ǺļһҲǱڵ״ҪϲٵġҶʣ嶯վǵҵҪܹʲôǰסҶʵֱۣҶôðյ顣
ǰҶʣ㻹ᣬûбҪЩϹŶġվǵ󣬿ܸʲôеϣʵ˵һϣû˻˵ʲôġŸҲ˵ʱҶǰȣŸ軹ǷǳĿĵġ
Ȼû˵ҲǱֳͬ˼ҪΪҶ֮ǰ˼һͬҪҶʵİȫġ
İɣҶҲǵǸҶˡҪԿ׵ȣҵ׻ǷȱʲôҶ¶һЦԵ÷ǳţҲоʮֵůô˹ԼǺܺõġ
Ҷתǰĺڰ֮ȥ·ˮʱҲˮųһ΢Ц
ˮȻһִҶʺͻȻޱȵĸߴˡʵ޹أӦҶеʹȻİɡ
ڰ֮綼ҪˡҶʳźڰ֮˵ƽϻŲ΢Ц˵ĻҲûһ˿ɱһ
ڰ֮ŴҶʣ綼ҶлˡҪ¶ԺӪǵӰ졣Ҷ綼νˣ򲻹
ҶʣҲ綼Ҫ㿳ˡһʼ㣬Ҿͻɹݡò˵ˮϵʵ̫ˡȻôϵ졣ڰ֮Ҳͬ뷨ȻἸ˼еľҪŪҶʵˡ
ҪɱڵİɡҰ˵һܵܡҶʺٺһЦôôļֱӾ˵ص㡣
ڰ֮˲ʧˣҶǰձһڵĳìȵĳ˳ֱָҶʵüġìļڵĹâ²ܹһУܶһС
Ҷʿƺ޷ʵͰн䱸ˣͷźڰ֮͵Ϯ֮ǰڰ֮͵ϮѾǸҶ˾ˡڰ֮ٶȺܿ죬ϢĹҲһġ
ֻҶʵʶͬУսġҶȫעʱ򣬻ܹ׽ڰ֮Ϣ
ںڰ֮ĳì̹ʱҶе˻ʽҲãһƬɫĹӰ׼ȷնǳìì档
ϡһ죬˻ʽڵĳìصײһ
Ҷ󣬰ѳìķɣźڰ֮Ĳ档
Ǻڰ֮ԪȷʵǱҶҪٵģûԪҶʵʵ
ҶԽܵķҲԽûǿţ壬屻޴ķźڰ֮Եķ˳ȥһֻȥʮ׵ľ룬ͣ


599 һģ
ڰ֮ǳԾȻͨп֪̽ЩǿҲܴͬµƲҶжô͡
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û뵽Ҷʾôĸסˡֱսı̫ڵĿˡ
Ҫ㻻һ׵ʿ켶ʿںڰ֮һì֮£ûĿܵġ
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ݵһν֣úڰ֮ӵ̬ҶʵΣճ̶˼̨ˡ
ҶҲǺܳԾԷȻΪҪϮϢҶʲ׽ѹδʱ㣬Ȼ˻ʽȥˡҶʻǱˡ
ȻҶʲҪĵ˻еԵʣҲʵǾ˵ˣǰԼ˲˹ĳɹ
˵Ҳ̫С˰ɡڰ֮ûгԷءǿףǿİȻЩԾҶʵһ㶼˵ģһĶҪץ
ˮҲǷǳĳԾˮһοҶȫԸսȻжԿҪ֪ҶֻסȻϾҪ켶ˣҪڰ֮һȽ׵ġ
Ҳһ㶣ȻķŻȥ˲١ʱ䣬ҶҲ˲ٵˣսˡ
Ĳ֪ðһ˵ˣ߶ǳˣҲˡվλ˵Ҷʸոһ仰̫ĿɳˡȻڰ֮ˣȷʵе۸Ҷʵ˼Ҷʾץסһ㲻ˣȻ˵öԷһûڿζС
Ҷ֪ģ˵Ҷ֪ģǰһװŲ֪һ˵ˣ˱Ƚϵˡ
ң￴ոһµĽڰ֮ȫ˵ġҶɵӣǿŵӡһ֣ùǶЩȻˡ
ߣϣı£ҲһķȻĻСҰ͸ġڰ֮˵ģҶ˵Ļʵ̫ˡһɣʲôԽǻ룬ԽԺڰ֮񿪿ˡ
СҾǿͳԷģʵһ㶼ǿҲܹĽӼºڰ֮Ĺѽ˼һְĻ˵ˡҶʹǳľȣôô٣ˮҪҶµˡ
ҶĬĬĵԼ״̬Ҳ˼һЩôڰ֮򶷣ҶʻǳĳȥֻбԷûԪŴĵزҪд취С
ڰ֮ʧˣ̤ҶʳӰ˸ÿһһϢڰ֮һķ˸ΣϺڰ֮һĸӰҶʳ˹
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ڰ֮ɲҶ˼Բߵʱ䣬ת˲ͳ嵽ҶʵǰֵĶͬʱҶײ˹ƵĿײ˾޴֮
Ҷ֪ЩϢȻǿٵġǶӦֻһġϾֻһġǣǰȴٳġ
Ҷʽżأٵĵˡĸڰ֮ҲٵĸͬʱеĳìҲٵĴӶƵĽ䴦ͱ˳
ڰ֮ٶҪҶʿһߵģʵȼ۴ѹơҪǻˣҪԷ̴ġ
Ҷ˫һ棬ͻȻվ涼΢΢Ĳе˻ʽ˴Ԫͨ嶼ųŨĽ⡣ϣâ²ġ
Ҷʵұ۶˲׳˼֣ԲɨҪþ޴ѶԷ𿪡նʵһ֮ϣ÷ıԼλá
ȻҶʵϣ볤ìֻһġҶǴҲ࿪ʼɨġ
˻ʽܣѳìǶûʵײĸоӰ
Ҷ΢΢Ťתһ¡ǰжٵĶʵľߵĵһպλҶʵ࣬ҶʵĳɨķΧ֮⡣ҶҪǶȣܹնжԷġ
ҶʵЩиԭǻ˵İֻҪܹƽ⡣


600 ת
Ӳӵ˻ʽҶʵĹעУȽϿǰĺɫìӴˡҶʻӴ˼еҪһӰѺڰ֮ɳȥҲúڰ֮һ¡
Ҷʷʱϳ˳Ľ⣬һͷͻȻˣɽ
ǣеײûзⳤǹͬӰġҶʵĶ˲һ£ⲻģҲ˵ڰ֮ɱûóҶһµ֮£ʽѾˣˡ
˻ʽ˳ǹӰصĿ˶ϡ
䡱һ죬ǳֶܵӰ˳ȥڵһ˵ϣһֱ˽ֽǡ
ڳˣǲģܿǶ֮һȱڣȻǱҶʸˣмܲڶ֮ϡ
սǶҶʵƻǿֲսȻİѺڰ֮ˣ˺ڰ֮Ķơ
е𾪻ûƽͱһ߳һ߶ȡ
ҶһɫӰٵ۳ΡеһҫڵĹĳìĴҶʿŴ򿪵ĺ󱲡
˸ĴΣȻ˸ĴΣһֱӰûмųƭҶʣϾҶǵһڰ֮ϵģںڰֶ֮ΣЩġ
ҶʣĿѣ۽ǶˣĿѪᡣҶʼ˺棬޷ҶʱԼ˿С
Ҳ˲ĺ۾ʵ޷ʵȻƽռҶʺʲôһиǲֹһεҪҶʺÿֻ˵˵֮ӵġϵԽϵԽãԷԽ෴ģҪ֮ǿͿģǹϵûеλġ
ˮŸǲ֪ǲǱϢȾˣҲЩˣ۾Щˮˡ
Ҷʸо󱳱ģǴԼһìӦָֻԼಿλġӣҪӱֱӴԼ࣬Լ˲Ĳ
Ҷʸо嶼ЩˡһЩֵļ֪ǴʲôطģҶʾúڼԼһ
΢壬ҶʾԼ嶼ЭˣͻȻ䱻סˣЩӲ֮ǰˡ
ҶʲҪҶʻкܶҪҪپۣҪҪ˼ȥȢ˿ҪȥռѧԺţҧѧԺиˮһλá뵽ˮҶͻȻסˣôʱ򻹻뵽ˮ
ǿҵʤҶǿеתһԪ˲䱬˸ӿֲԪڿٵתŵģҶǿеתȻ˸ӿֲ
ҲصˣģһƽɫѪҶʵ
ΪҶʵǿбθЩúڰ֮ǱɱһȻƫˡ
׼˺ģֱܹӴҶʵһì±˺ܶ࣬̽ҶʵСС
ڵĳìҶʵһҶʵĸһǰ͸Ķ
ͬʱҶʱԪҶʸעе˻ʽСǳһɫУصıԴٵĹע˻ʽ֮С˻ʽӵ貣ӵ͸ˡ
⻹Ҷǰõɽ崦һУһ˻ʽʹ
Ҳģб˳ȥڣ֮бһ貵Ľ⣬ڣڲסס˲ľͰڣݵ˺ˡ
ںڰ֮УҶǶһƬǺӣɫǺźڰ֮ȥһ̣ڰ֮оشԿһ㣬Ǻǰڰ֮˵С
ǿҵĿ־壬̼˺ڰ֮ǿԭҪͨìԪҶʵĴҲˡɱҶʣԼҲᡣڰ֮ãԼŸӵľһ㡣
ڰ֮ĳ˳ìִҶʵĴĽɫѪꡣڵĳì֮ҲմȾ˵νɫѪҺ˵Ŀ
ڰ֮ȫıеĳìһӴĺ֮ĽɫǺӲϵ
Ƕ㲻ˣڰ֮еĳìǺ䡣
ϡ˺ڵĳìǺҳһľ졣
ꡱޱȵ࣬ûи˶ţûΪǾ޴ײͱڸǵġǳеøӵԣһ
ڴҵעУƬ貵Ľ˲նǺɫĳһΪìϰرˣ°ػںڰ֮УѾǲΣָԭˡ
ڰ֮Ҳ˳ȥ׳һĻߣصˤ˵֮ϡһڵ䣬壬Һ塣


601 ø
ҶˣǴԤ֮е顣ʵͲڰ֮ҶʣڿŴ򿪵ʱ򣬱ڰ֮Ǻ顣
Ҷ֮󣬾Ȼ˵Ѻڰ֮񶼸ˡһ˺ڰ֮ĳìǰѺڰ֮شˡ
ڰ֮ڵҺ壬ʲôҺԪǺڰ֮ѪҺڰԵԪѾ˺ڰ֮еÿһ֣ѪҺҲˡ
ϡǰرҶնϵĳìʱ˵ϡϸ΢ĵ֮ƽײһϵ
ⳤìײһһ㡣֮ǰڼе˶ǿٵķӦ˹ٵĳҶʡ
Ҷʣô
Ҷʣû°ɡ
Ҷʡ
ˮһѱ˵ڵϵҶʡ濴ˮüͷʲôû˵ûиоˮĶ⣬ҶʵҪ
û£ˡҡˣҪҡμ£˵ܲˡҶţЩӣû̫⡣֮ķӦ
ͳһѵҩʱϼ죬ޱȵĴߴ٣˱Ƕ˶̲סһޱȵ˶ǱĵýǸɺԵ壬ӯ˼֡
ˣϽŪϣٳһ㡣۰ҪǲϿ죬ҾͷˡһʹɫⶼЩҶϴģûȫꡣ
ҶʿʣֻʵһףͰԴŤһˡҶʺǸжǸĹȻ˵Ĵ󷽣Ҫ֪ЩҶʶ֪ʲôʱİ
˶ʻЩ˽ģϾһ֪һ̰ǾԵԶԶĳʵġʣҶ¶һ΢ЦǰǲЩ̫ˡ
ܿǾ˼Ϊ˵һ仰һʵĻ
СӣϽĸҺʱ˶٣ҼӱĻ˵Ļ
ʶһ˴˵Ļ˻ʵĹֵܡȻҶ˴˵Щġ
ˮɲЩϽһҩԪŪ飬ˮŪˮҶʵСʣµһ붼Ū˺״Ҷʵ˿ϡ
һֱ۽ǵעţˮŪһҩʱǳ鴤һ¡ﻹ߶߰ĶʲôɵĲȥµĲˡ
Ҷʵ屾ͺǿ˴ҩģҶʵĻָ˺ܶġǿɲ˿ϵƤڿٵķӿһƵڵ壬ںڰ֮һǹҶʵġ
ƤۿɼٶšҲãóҩԵ㹻ġʣµĴ󲿷֣ȫӿҶʵĽ뵤֮УٵıҶʸˡ
ҩ͵ҩҶ˵ĽҶΪתĽʹȥֻоһƬʮֵˬ
ǰҶһǺĿ˵ĵٵĳӯܿˡҶʶչˣû뵽ԪʱȻˣҶʵĿˡԶƽʱʮٶڿٵתҶʶЩˡ
ôĵùɣǳһʵô⻹Ըģô͵ùˣҶﰧţʲôҪˡ
࣡һ죬ʲôˡڳ˶ţҶҲסˡȻһĿϲͻˣȻͻˣͻˡ
ڵҶѾ׵ʿˣ켶ʿˡ˼Ѿ׶Ϊˡ磬ѹôʱ䣬Ȼûͻƾ磬ʵȴһһĻ۵ġ
ȻڸղŵĶսУȻײûм£ÿһ¶ҶʵǿĹչ֡ƸһģתԪһкڵСʵصİ£Ҷʾ˳ͻˡ
ͻ˵ͻȻ˵˳ûһ˿͸СǶˣȥ˲һȥ˳Ľˡ
ȻҶڵ飬ɲʲôһβܹеġ泩ʲôϲ֪ҪǿҶٱ嶼˲˵ġ
ͻ֮һҪҪ죬ǾÿҶͻˣͶᰦ٣ʱҶڻǵûҪһ裬ûй򣬸Ͻӡ
һ۾ȿĲʲôסһ˫˫۾ȫԣεҶʶЩ۾ˡ
ҶͻʱֹҶˡˮǶ˵ġ


602 ս
ǰһ̣ǺܹҶʵİΣҶǾô˵ģҲҶʲô֢ĵ·һЩϰ
ڣҪҶʵġѾģٶҲ̫˰ɣ⻹ҪҪ˻˰Ķ֪˵ʲôˡ
μҶʵʱҶʲ׵Ϊתۼ䣬ٴμҶһ׵ˡѾǹǳԾˣΪ˶Ľ
Ǵʱ׵Ϊ˶õʱţҶʵļʮˡҶ˶áȻһҶڵͣһҶǴӶ꿪ʼġ˲;Ҫȥˡ
Ҫ˵ֻǴʱƲҶʿµǱµٶȡôˮҶʴײ켶ļ֤ˡдҪǶҪöĶˡ
ˮոռҶʣҶʲһոͻ׵ʿȻʱ䣬ˮҶʶһȹˡ
ҶҲûôˮϢʱһġҲô˵ˮճҶʶҪĶࡣΪҶʻлʱȥ簡ʲôģҪȥ氡ʲôġˮûУˮţùȵĶ硣
Ҳ˵Ҷʳȥʱˮġ
ԵܹоҶһһǿġˮֻȹסѣûʲôԵı仯
ȻûйãҶࣵһͽ켶̨ˡˮǽԭ̤ȻǶĸܸӵˣûнҲǲʵ
ȻҲϣҶԽǿԽãҶ̫ǿˣĺܺࣵһĻҶʾƽƽˣĻô궼ȥ˰
һìܵĸӵѰǺġеľᣬеþ֣ûа취ϸ
˵ˣҲһּεֵİɡ
ȻҶʲûһ£Ҫʱ׼ġ߼ӶܹͻƵģҶ͵Ƕˡ
ȻҪˮԸһ£ŵ֡ҶҲܹҵΣٴεࣳһġҪࣼҲǲԵġ
һãһãҪɽˡҪǲСĵǣǿɾͲ˵İ
ҶʺĵѣǴЩеʹҶʽףҪһ£˵ʲôܣۼģҶ˵ģҶҶ˵ĸ˱˵ġ
ô˵ءǴ󲿷ֶֻһΣǴ켶׵ʱ죬Ƴصķ棬Ȼصĳͷġ
Ҳ˵ǲᱻġҶ˵ôɣǼҳ㷹һȻһĵѣˮǸӵѹˣҶʵӵԹˡ
ﴦ˼ļнǴڣ֮Уʲô١ضûа취ӦϢҪɽ٣Ҳǳȥ֮󡣡ˮһԹҲͬĵġ
ǺǣǺǡҶû뵽£εЦ£䣬ոûע⡣Ҫ뿪İ
Ҷεӣһ㶼˻ĸоٴεĻˮǴʲôʱöɽ٣ⶼѾγҶʵˡҪضõôʲô
Ȼʱᰤǻһڰ֮㡣ϣܹܹ߳ȥġҲŭˣһѰҶʸ˳ȥҲҪҶˡ
ǶܹʵʹࡣҪزãǵΪﰡأֱӱѹʲôˣҶһˡֵ˾ǰվţԼûа취˭ܹʵʹġ
ƳȥҶʣҶԾˣٴΰѳظ˳Ҷڰ֮ݡ
Ȼ˵ҶȥĻǻǱȽϵҶʵİΣģﶼԸϵġڴĶսڴһϷϳ
ڰ֮ҲˣлŰضѵĳǹڰ֮ûҪܡôͬ׵˶ţڰ֮ˣܹܵʲôطȥء
ڰ֮Ѿ뿪ˣҪҶһս˭ǿ֮ǰײúڰ֮Щŭ˵ġҶȽףȻܹҶʸˡǳ衣
ҶʾȻԼʯٴεͻˡڰ֮һ˵ġڰ֮ûҪܡ
ҪˣԺءҶʵͷҶʳֵĵطǲҪ̵·ԺҶʻʲôʲôȥȻ˵֪ûн֮


603 òţ
Ҷһ𳶵ʱ򣬺ڰ֮ץʱԼƣץʱָԼڵԪ
ҶдҵĹģǺڰ֮ûУڵĺڰ֮һɵع֮롣ҶҩˣǺڰ֮ûУֻܿԼĻظ
ҶǿᣬܹסԼĺɫĳǹǺڰֻ֮аӣԼĴûг׵ɡ
ҪǣҶʵ˻ʽ˫Ļ벻ʲôܹ˻ʽƥеˡ
Ҷһںڰ֮˵ʵ̫ˡҪǺڰ֮ؼʱúɫĳìȻֶÿ죬¶ҶʸˡȻҪǣҶһ½ûģֻǰոоġ
ҪҶܹͦôһСѺڰ֮ˣȻһ˵ͰѺڰ֮˰ɡ
ڰ֮ҲǲܵġһĿӣŵĽ⣬ֱڣڰ֮ûȫɢġ
ΪҶʵ˻ʽĽʿˣܿ¶ĲǾĽǹǼһ塣Źǣڰ֮ĶĴѾС˵ġ
Ҷʣڻǹƽһսû˾ǿ˵İɡñ˲ָ֣ʤΡһǲңҶٴζԼڰ֮һȻصıȳ
Ϊʲô˵ڰ֮һģͬΪҶʵĽĴ޷ڵĵط΢΢ġ
ңôңΪʲôҡ׵ʱ򣬾͸һһĵɡ켶ˣ㡣Ҳøˣ˵һһ;ԵĲҰֵġһġҶʺٺٵһЦȻЦʱˡ
ղͱڰ֮ɱˣҪǻЦĳǾˡҶʿɲʲôŰ񣬱˺һΣҪɵ˰ȥ˸ϵڶεġ
ߣĽǾսɡڰ֮һߣȻж˵ĳìңָҶʡ
ȻǶˣȴǱҶʸбնϵģ˲һܹ˵ġܵ˵ֻǳȱ仯˶ѡ
˻ʽòţôҶֱ˻ʽһڵϵĳìǰؾ͵ҶʵС
ìì⻹մȾδɵѪӲӵޱȵۡҶͷһ΢̵ѪζҶʵջҶʵ۾Щˡ
Ҷɣڰ֮Ǻǲġʱ򣬰ǿˣⲻǶأǶӡ
һҪҪǿ״̬Ҷʸڽһѩǰܵĺڰ֮ǷŭȻҶǿʱҲֻ켶ҲҪ׵ĺڰ֮һ̨׵ģǴʱĺڰ֮Щ
ڰ֮ŭŰسìͳҶʡ
һεҶûбվԭطͬǳ˺ڰ֮Ҷʽһ̨ףʸ涼˺ܴߣѾܹǿĸϺڰ֮ٶˡ
һӲӵӰһīӰٵĽӽһȵ˶ȥԶվעӶ֡
˵мűһǿ⣬سìײġŶҪ˺˵ĶĤײ
Ҷʹ˻ʽ˹ԼĶѵĳìǲҪٴεİѳìնϡҶʾⳤìжãܱ˻ʽնϵģҶܿϵô
ҶǹҪԷײҪڰ֮һѵ
ڰ֮аĹ壬ҲǼǿģѾˡҶʵӵǿԽͨ
һεײҶʵ΢飬Ǳ˵ġڰ֮ץŶѵĳìֱ΢΢ĲȻҶʵЩԲġ
Ҷһٴεĳ˺ڰ֮һɫ⡣ȻûжöôĹǴõ΢΢Ķһڷ
ҶⴿľڷйȶԷԼƴʵʵĹȻضѵĳìĽӴȭȭⲫûʲôˡ
ڰ֮üͷͬ޾ҶʵĳҶʵ˺ڰ֮Ԥϵˡ
ڰ֮ҶʣĻζѳ˼ȻԪǲ籾ģǿȽ뱾һµģⲫսУòˡ
һβΪԻҶʣΪסҶʵĹԲҪˣʲôǷѳļУûʲôġ
ڴҵעУҶ뼸ڰ֮ٵĽӽ׵ľ룬ֻգۼ顣


604 У
ڰ֮ӽһ˲䣬Ҷڰ֮ı壬ͬһеİسì߸ߵľŶԷ˹ȥһ⣬һڹХ˺˳ա
бΧԳԹ㡣ضѵĳìǵһʱײһˣһ죬նˡ
Ҫ˵һεĹҶΪӦ켶ԼжôǿıĻôڶεĹҶʵƾͷǳԵֳġ˵һεʵ飬ڶԵǱһܹõĿ塣
ڰ֮ץһسìֱӱҶʸ˳ȥˡײ˵ϣųȥԶͣġ
ֻһ壬⻹û档ڰ֮ɲԼģ;Ƿѳĸġ
Ѿȫˣûа취ôٴεĹǷġⲢûסҶʵġ
΢΢ǰֻȭȫҶʵֱ֮ϡ˳Ƶľײ
ڰ֮ķţȻ˵̫а죬Լ˺Ҳ󡣵Ǹ߷գ߻رһ
ҶʸоеֱЩ飬ݵʧȥ֪ڰ֮壬йǿİ
Ҷʸʤһģǵס˺ڰ֮ĸĹұѾݵʱл˹ˣٴκɨ
顱顱顱顱ĴγƵײһƬҶһκɨĸȫǱһҶʸһɨ˳ȥˡ
ϾǷûа취뱾صġǿͣԪĶġ
ڰ֮ķԼľġܵҶʵľĹ˳ȥڰУѾǻһƺɢ˿Сûгֵزص
һΣҶʲûеȺڰ֮սǿȣѾǱԹˣѾʵʵж˶Էϣ˻ǿʲô߰Ĵİ취вͨġ
Ҷҽһ壬΢΢ĶѾһŵصĺڰ֮˹ȥˡеİسìýġ
˼ľʵ̫ˡľ룬Ҷת˲ŵġҶʻǼͬʱѾǵ˺ڰ֮Ͽյˡ
ΪҶǽŵƽзеģȻڵϵĺڰ֮ƽеˡ
ͬľݣֻǹܵĶߵһ£λߵһ°ˡǺڰ֮ӱͱҶһ£ҶɲǼйˡҶҪͱڰ֮һ£ڰ֮ϵ˵϶ѡ
ڳڰ֮һɲǣҶ̧֡еİسìѾǷС
ì̧´̳Ϳоƾճһɫɫ֯ŵһ㡣
ҶĬˣû뵽սȻ֮ǰȫһǰһһߵսҶȫûʲôֵҶʵȥʱҶͻȻǱܱһսҲһ浹սȷʵڰ֮޻ֵͱҶʸɷˡ
£ҶΪڰܹ֮ˡ̫ˣҶʵĶҲ̫ˣûиڰ֮׼ʱġ
Ҷʿĺ׼ûһ˿Ĳɽźڰ֮ŴȥҶҪһì֮ѡλöڰ֮һģһġ˴Լİسìȥսڰ֮
ڴˣҶ֮˻ʽ˻ʽ̫Ҷ̽ԼǱһԭҪԭ򣬿¾Ҷһֱڵķİɡ
ɴ˿ɼҶͯЬıǺǿģҪǱ˴ˣͻ˵ջȥġҪǱ˴ͱһ£ôҶʾǻñͱһµġ
ҪһˣǴصĺڰ֮ʼġ˶ЩĬˣԼͬ׵ǿ߱һȽ׵ʿɱǺܵģ˽ܡ
ǹȻڰ֮ˡ֮ĸֵģ˵ǵ˰ɣ㲻ϡҪ˵ѰɣȫֲܡȻ˺ϻĹܹȵ
ϡҶеĶìĲ˵棬ʯĵ涼Ҷʴ
ڵѪҺϸߣ˱޿ɱܵҶһġ
Ҷʿɲϴһˮ裬Ѿ˵Ķìһ෭˳ȥ׵·ϣǵĺڰߣǱڰ֮ѪҺմȾġеʻûг׵ʧҫŵڹ⡣
Ҷվ˺ڰ֮ԱߣЩĬʱ򣬻Ҫʱʱ̵̿עأںڰ֮ǵǰ¶ݵġ
ڲݱ¶˳ǵҶʲ֪ʲôо


605 ٴתս֣
ҶʲֹһεҪɷڰ֮ǵġĸɷһʱҶͻȻãһ㶼˷ܡǰõҪףֻǾģɡ
ͻȻǰߴģԽϰͷʬԼĽ£Ҷʻ˵ʲôܡֻ˵ϲޱֵı˵įɡ
Ƕ۵ĿһУǲʶһҶʵ񣬲֮ǰôġŽ䱸ǰǿɲΪҶܹ񣬵ǵҶ˵ʱ򣬴ֶ
Һ֮ǰûбƵҶ̫ݣȻڵϵĻ߾ԼˡǶЩ䣬Ȼһ亹Ƕ궼ûгֹˡ
ҪҶ֪ǵ뷨һ֮ԱǵġʲôƵԼݵģȫǷƨֻһڰ̫֮μ˶ѣ۵㶼ڸסˡڰ֮ĳУһж㲻ʲô˵ġ
Ҫûڰ֮ĳУҶаĴһĳ嶯
ҶתҪ뿪ͻȻһľĸо΢̧ҽֿٵķ£Ķŵϵĺڰ֮
ϡǳìγ˵淢ԭҶʸڵϵĺڰ֮񣬾ȻֶˡҶתиʱİγ˲Լϵİسì
͡ѪҺڵѪҺϸߣֱҶʵš˵УֻΪסҶʵߡ
ʬĺڰ֮ĵץŰسìʹҶʵʺӴ
Ѿо˲ˣҶұ۵ġ
΢΢ƫͷǺѪϮȻûȫıܿһֱ۾ܹǰġ
ʱҶʾͿһںڵĹԼĲӴȻûд̵ӱɱ̼һϸܵļƤ
ĵץǴԼâ̫ˣҶҪܿû㹻ʱ䣬ֻȥץˡ
âѾҶʵʺϵʱҶץסˣǿеֹסâļǰ̡ʺϵƤǳì˸΢΢İˡ
һ亹Ҷʵ˳°͵ì֮ϡì⻬ֻ⻬ì⣬˵֮ˤ÷顣
ڰ֮񸶳˴ۺһδŭ÷񣬾벻ˣΪʲôҶʵľ˵ǿ
˫ץųìҶʾǰ˳ȥ
Ҷʴӵץű˫ˣɿЦģǵԼʺϵģҪǰһ㣬ǻѪ˰
ڰ֮Ҷʣٵǰ壬һĽֵصĿɲ˿Ѫˣڰ֮񶼲ܲ˵ġϲһڵѪһĺںڵĽӡ
һһߵĶٵĸϣΪڰ֮ҶʳһֵҪȥʲô
˵ʵǹһ۵ˡҶʲȻҶǿĻҶִתˣѺڰ֮˵ϡǲ֪Ϊʲôûж㿪ĺڰ֮񣬾Ȼ˴δϮҶʸ˳ì֮ϡ
ǻϵ飬ǿҶʱڰ֮Ųӳ˳ȥҲûһ˿ĵǵˡǿһһҶʴϮġ˵ͻҶźڰ֮Ĳǰˡ
顱Ҷʱڰ֮ײһǽ֮ϣᶼǾҵĻζ˼¡ǹӲģռĳ쳯ĹҵĽһᵹġ
ҶȻǱײ˷֮ϣҲʵʵڵܵǿҵĳ˫ȴûһ˿Ĳʼȵץס˳ìļ˲λȻì˿Խġ
˫ַİѳìһߣٵ֣ˡ
ìصĴ˷֮ϣϵĲУһĻǳ
ȥ˸ҶŭˣһֿڡⱻԷţһֵˡȻҶû£Ҳȥˡ˵ˣײһ£ҶҲܵİ
֮ҶʲûԶֻ˺ڰ֮ࡣںڰ֮еİسìĴ˷֮ϵʱҶʹźڰ֮ײ˹ȥ
Ҷʵļͷһɽһ㣬صײ˺ڰ֮࣬ҪǱҶʸײʵˣ˵߹ǶҪһġ
ڰ֮Ȼ鷢Ҷһìʱ򣬺ڰ֮ѾԤϵҶʱض෴ķӴܵġܹԼĹڸպԼĹʱ򣬻ܹԼĲŴ󿪵ʱԼ
ȫǰպڰ֮ԤϵķչġҶʹȻ뿪ʱ򣬻û˹ȻûбҶʸײϣǳɽϢѾܹܵ˵ġ


606 ȫ
ȻѾǰԤϵ˵ģȻ׵ľͱҶʸײˡҪ㶼ѾԤϵ˶ԷĶˣᱻԷɣ˹ˡ
Ҷײķͬʱ³ìǺǰԼҶʸˡ
ҶһǼײײǳì֮ϡì⻹ڷǽ֮ϡںڰ֮ҶʵĴײõ˵ͬʱìڷ֮ϴһҫ۵Ļǳ
ڰ֮ǲҶʵĴڵʮ֮޷ԿǿֲҶʵƷˡ
Ƕ໥Ŀһ˵ҶʹȻгɹϮˡֱǹѪľ飬ûгҶźڰ֮Ĳǰĳˡ
Ҫڰ֮һŮģǿԻһУȥ¡ͬһ˼ֻǶͬЩһİˡ
ҶʿɲҪڰ֮ȥˣͺڰ֮ļν֣ѾҶʶµľһµ˽ˡѾܹӳȫʵˡҲ˵ڰ֮ھûʲôˡ
ң⻹ڣ֮УҪľԸġǲ֪Ϊʲôȼһ̵ֱڶûж֡ǰԼڰ֮ˣǾѵĳֵĻᡣҶЩǱһֲĸ֣ʱͻȻϮû˭ðĵİɡ
һԾҶҲһʸһĳ˱Ʒɵĺڰ֮һڰ֮ڿд̳һìͱҶʸɳȥˡ
Ҷ˵ǿθС˶㲻ϵģٶȲٵĳ˺ڰ֮
˫̽Ͳ˺ڰ֮赲ǳǿơɫ˫ֱ֣ӴǱŵСһץźڰ֮һֱۣһץһȡתһϳɣڰ֮ͱҶʸ˳ȥˡ
ԭΪҪ֣Ÿ˹ҶְѺڰ֮΢ɧУҶɢˡ
䡱һ죬ƴӶɵʯ壬Ҷʶȥĺڰ֮ҸϡˡвٽƬǰһ㣬ܷ䣬ķ֮ϣһĶĴ졣
ҶЩľҪԼôһ£ҲҪһƤİɡҶɣһȥڰ֮붼ѾûʲôˣԴˤ˵İɡ
ҶҲΪڰ֮ĬҶʵƲǹֵĿץסһ˵ֱػУҪ˵ץų˵Ĵȣȫǲܵˡ
Ǻڰ̫֮ˣȫļⶼѾǸɿ˵ģпֲ¶ΪıȽǿԶŵİɡҪȻĻһˣôܻᱬǿء
ҶʿûΪһ¾ܹѺڰ֮˵ġҪǺڰ֮ô׵ľͱɵˡҲ̫һ˰ɡ
ңҶʻûмʶԷʩչʲôط壬ҶǺĽİ
ҴŵˡܶѾ˵ˡŸʲôʹʹչֳȻսʹ졣Ҷͣڶڰ֮İУһصĽеĺڰ֮Ҷʴս
ߣҾ㿴Ҳôôĺ۸ġڰ֮ĻӦǲ˵ġ
ڰ֮ɢȥȫĺ¶ʵ塣ܴҶѾ׼ˣˮʸҶ׿ļ˺ڰ֮ӣǳһ
壬ǿ̫ڵˡǶĽҰģ¶ԵġΪȫ¶ƤˣɼؽڴܿԲ͹ûһ˿Ѫˡ
ǴĥڵСޣĺڰ֮Ȥİɡֱĥˣõʲô˿ˡ
ҪǶڣǸˡֱһˣûֱܹóǻĺڰ֮ˡ
ǣʬһ壬ʱȴ˾˵г˳ڹ⣬ҶгŨĽγĶԱȡ
淢ϵϸ΢֮֮ǰ˵ϸСĽ飬ڰ֮˿ٵĳ˺ڰ֮񣬺ܿľͱڰ֮ȡԵʣһصĲ
ҪϸĻƴӳɵĵذ壬Ҳ΢΢ҡΣҪԭλã˺ڰ֮Ļ
Ȼڰ֮񲻽Ϊ˿۵ذ壬Ҳֻ۵ذͬ΢΢ҡΣƬ˷ٵźڰ֮ȥ
ڰ֮񳹵׵ķˣǿеİڣ֮еҪٵĴԼ塣
ڰ֮ǶҶʵĿ϶оѹҪǿܹҶΪС


607 һʮᣡ
ȥģûȥġڰ֮ĵ棬ԿŨ˸âٵ˳źڰ֮˫ţ˺ڰ֮֮СԵģȡ˾ĵ棬Ҳǰ˲˵ġ
ڰ֮壬ԵںˡŨʸţ׵ʧȥʸУһݽʸгˡ
ǣѸٵ˿ԶԶˣǱҪ׵ıĺڰ֮Ҷȡ˭ӵǿһЩġ
ҶʿȤǷǳ˷ܵġлϵĸڰ֮ͣϣڰ֮ŪĶٴһЩƻһЩ
Ҷǲô߰ģħİ취壬ľܹ͵˻صˡ
˵ˣĵ̣Ҷʵͷңסһֱڶûгֵġ
ںڰ֮˵ıȣǻޱȵͷ۵İɡǲ֪ʲôʱֵܹˡҪܹܵʲôʱ򡣵ȻҲҪȡڣ֮еʽġ
ڰ֮ƻÿ죬ƻĳֵģǿ϶ġ
ɴ˿ɼҶͯЬǶôתжôĿٵġ
ȻҶʵĶ֣ںڰ֮ҲͬҶʵĶ֡ҶʲöֺùģǺܶ˶֪ˡڿ˺ڰ֮󷽷վҶʵȻҲô˵ġ
һ֮ǰҶʸ˵İسì͵ҶʵСҶһĨڵĳìͱĽӲӵˡ̧źڰ֮˳ȥ
ìڿлһ⣬ٵĺХһɫһ㣬գۼͳ嵽˺ڰ֮ǰ
ڰ֮һֱעҶʵľٶҶֵ̧ʱ򣬾Ѿ̧֡Ҳ˵ҫŽĸɿݵצ
ˡڰ֮צӣ׼ȷץסǵĳììǿԵץסˣˡ
󣬺ܿģⳤìͻ˾â˺ڰ֮壬˺ڰ֮һ֡
Ҷ΢΢һЦǾе˼ˣ׵ǿӦе̬֮ǰǺڰ֮ص̫ˣŲ㱻Ҷʸ˵ġ
ٴһУڽֽǵĳìĺسҶʵСһҶûжڰ֮񣬶ץСҪǶȥҲֻǸڰ֮Ӳ˰ˡ
һΣɫҶʳһ֮ϡһ̤µķ𶯣ǧ֮
Ҷʸһ߳׼ȷ˷ĩˡһشķХžźڰ֮˹ȥҶҲͬʱһԾ˷󣬸һεľ롣
Ҷڰ֮˵Ĵһˡĵ߱ߴѣȻѿˡҪôıˣǾǿЦˡ
ڰ֪֮ǲܶǽ˲ܶǲҪٴεˡԭز̧צӣָſǳ
䡱Ҷ߷ɵĴķײ˺ڰ֮֮ϡúڰ֮ƣЩ˲ǿеֱˡ
ҶʲʲôǨӵģⷿҲһģһЩݼ֡һεײ֮£ֱĲ֣ɽ˳ȥһЩǽڡ
ڰ֮θںãʲôԡҲ߲ܵġɵģҲһҪˡ
ҶֲǾƹеСʲôԱôܻɳһЩϲ˵ء
һֱڷ֮ŵҶʣڿ΢һ֮󣬾֪ڰ֮סˡҲû񡣽ɫܹ񷣬ȴĻȥˡ
Ҷʵļ룬ڰ֮ȻͲôˡȻǹǿǻûа취Сصġԭͦε壬˲ѹЩ
˵ڰ֮屻һأҲ˵ڰ֮ҶʸѹȵϥˡǺڰ֮嶼ˣ˫û£ֱϥλá
ڰ֮һֲǴҶʱƴġҶһףڵԪǱҶʻģҶʵӲˡ
㣬Ԫȥ֮Ĳֶڵģֻ֮һλǽӲӵġ
ҶʴһٴӿһǿǰƳȥ
ߡڰ֮ҲŭˣͬһߣӴԪһЩոռȡеľҲ˳˫ֳ˳ȥ
顱Ȼƴӳɵġܵǿءܵļޣһ죬ȻԿϸܵѺѸٵĲȻͱѿˡ
ûгʲôƬҷɵڰ֮סˡ


608 ׹ǽ
ѳһСһСķеΪ屻ٶ˳ˣգڰ֮ȻŹĻˡ
Ƭڰ֮˹ȥˣ˺ڰ֮֮ˡȻֿɶѵƬʧȥ˹˵֮ϡ
ҶڿУûнĵطø߸ߵڿһתʹ˼ĹȻ󣬵ȴһɫɽһģٵĵˡ
еİڵĳìԲˣһģĲӰǺڰ֮˹ȥ
ڰ֮һֱûжͻȻԼһҶȴôΪеľ״ĺڰ֮ԽָоԽǿҵġ
ҶʵһѾǻӳȥˣûа취ǿбСֻжһۣһֱ±ڰ֮ˡ
ڿҪ˺ڰ֮ʱҶ֪еĲǴʲôطˡڰ֮忪ʼٵ䶯гǧСڿٵ䶯һ㡣
ںڰ֮һƤˣ䶯ʮֵġԿÿһϸ΢ı仯
ҶȴûоöģֻǸоľġǵȻǺڰ֮ڳʲôСˡˣʲôСܹܵȻ¶Ƶء
֮ԿƤ֮ж䶯Ǻڰ֮ڵĹڿٵλڿٵ顣
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һĽ𣬺ڰ֮У˲ͳİɭɭĹȻǹͷǷȴǽײȻǹͷȴҪҪҪӵļ̵ġ
Ǻڰ֮˶Ľнɷֲ֮һ֡
ǼϢʱ䣬ڰ֮ͱһǴ̵ĹӨ׵ĹǴ̣֮£ɢĵĺ⡣
ҶʿɲҪȥЩ֪ǿȵĹǴ̽Ӵģ֪ЩܹܲƿҶʵƤķҪǱ̴ˣǲ˲ĳε©ôĶǿ׶ġ
ڱϷһ㣬֮ǰ˳ĳìת˲ͱ˷ˡΪ̵ˣ˺ڰ֮ļ򴦡˳ŹǴ֮ķ϶ںڰ֮ļҵһݵһѳìλá
ҶʵעǴĺܺõģҪóìںڰ֮ϽȻǰԾһλãܿڰ֮Ĺ
вûҶе㡣ںڰ֮ϵĳìڿٵı̣³ŪҶһֲġǧһ֮䣬ʹ˺ڰ֮һ£Ȼ󿰿ǻ˺ڰ֮塣
Ҷľģҵհողûб˾ջ
ȻûˣҲǸҶ̵Ľѵˡľ֮⣬·ĺҲǱ״ʮֵĹ⻬û˿ëߵġ
Ҷ˺ϵ˵ġҶʰĸ̣ӣôͲȥ÷ء
ڰ֮Ȼȥʲô÷죬Ҫ򡣶Ҳɱɱ˵򡣺ڰ֮ھ㣬ҪҶʿҶʿʼ
ߣĲڰ֮һߣ̴ƤĹǴֿٵ˻ȥָ֮ǰӣֵǣƤ֮Ҳûһ˿Ļڡͺ֮ǰһжǻþһ
ǣҶʷǳ֮ǰһжġǷâڱĸоûʧġ
˴˱˴ˣ˼룬йǿİȿͷϵĹҶʻû¹κεˡ˵ˣҶʱûʲôˡ⿴Ƹʬһĺڰ̫֮ʹˡ
Ӳ㲻Ҫǿôôģվڰ֮ЦתŻڵϵҶʣޱȵĮ
ϡڰ֮Ҷʵ棬˺󱳣Ȼĳһ׹ǳ
Ҷʵͫ˲Сǰ׹ǳһһڵһġӨ񣬿ǾӨ͸ġ˵ǹƷڱ
ǣƷĶͱڰ֮ץУһġ
Ҷʼˣڻڣ֮УǱáıҶͬǼġǣҶʳԾǣ׹ǳʵأӦǺڰ֮ļ׵ɡ
ҶʱĵطȻаĹȻԼеĹȡˣʹá
ڰ֮ɲȥҶʲôӲȥҶ׼ûС챩¶ôˣڰ֮û˵ˡ
׹ǳһӨİ׹⣬˺˿ռ䣬һӻҶ˹
Ҷʴ󾪣ҲһȾһܿˡ
ǰ׹ǽϢҶʾǺܲӦġ嶼Ҫסˡ


609 Ҷʷߣ
˵Ҷʵ綼ѾǺ˵ġǲо̫ȣҲ̫ġ
ǰ׹ǽϵϢǷ˹ĺ䣬ⲻƤϵġϢֱϵģֱҶЩܲ˵ġ
ҶʵжôǿͣǱϾֻ켶Ϊ겢̫ǿüУС˵˻ʽɢһƽɫĹԣɢҶʵĺĸо
Ҷܵġڰ֮ٶȿ죬ҶʵٶҲǲġ˳ľӿ˺ڰ֮ĹΧ
ûҶʵĶסˡѾ̧ſٵ̤£΢΢˿һ㡣
Ҷʸո֮ǰλãһӨ׵Ĺâප˹ˡ
Ҷʻ룬оϮӦλĺڰ֮񷢶˹ˡ
ȥ˸Ҷʴŭ⴦Էšڰ֮ǣŴ򣬺Ҷʵÿһŵĵطڰ֮ǽȥһ
ҶʻֱӲˡ˵ˣӣҲûа취ˡȫԪȼܵĽɫ档ת޻ڵһȭͺ˳ȥˡ
ζת˴ڿնⶼҶȭͷΧҶʱŭʱûо׼ʹһȭ
ӭҶʵģǺڰֱ֮ۡѾֱˡһӨ׵ĹǴ̡Ǵ̰Ѻڰֱ֮۶ҶʵһǼΪļϸġһʵĳìˡ
ɫȭͷ˹ʳì֮ˡնһ£ڵĵ绡˺˳ա
ꡱһ죬ǹͷѵ
һؼӨ׵ĹͷӦ׷˳ȥͷϣմȾżνɫѪ顣ӨӽɫȻôСȴôۡ
Ȼֵĳڣ߶ûֵôȻںڰ֮ĹìѣҶʵȭͷҲͬ˵ġ
Ǵҵ뷨ڰ֮ҲͬġԭĲҶʵĶ֣ôһӴڰ֮˲д󶨣ҶҲˡҶûм˻壬ֻǱħ˵Ĵ˵ס˵ġ
ǣڰ֮ûпǡҶʵޱȵļᶨһ˿ķŭһ˿ɱ˫ѾȾ˽ɫԣһ˿ϡ
ꡭѾûì˵Ĺʳì˲ܲ
ڰ֮ϵĵ⻹ûȫĻľͱ˾ִ㵡ⲻգۼ飬ⷴȻ˵ľ޴
ǰһǺڰ֮ģܹҶˡһ̵ģϵľȫתˡķչ˵ˡ
Ҷһȭͷδǰһԭֱ˵ȭͷбˡ
Ҷٴһ죬˵Ĺʳì˲ľͻСƬɢˡ
ҶʵĽɫȭͷʹǿ׷ɵСΧľ롣صĴ˺ڰ֮ԭì˵ȭͷ֮ϡ
䡱ڰ֮һöڵһ㣬Ҷʸ˳ȥ
͡Ƥⱻ
ڰ֮ײ˼ᣬŪƬɣŵ˷֮С
ҶҲˣӺ󱳺һֱ࣬һ˿ڡɫѪҺʡǺڰ֮еûջİ׹ǽ˵ġ
Ǻڰ֮еİ׹ǽͻȻգҶʵഩ˳ŪҶһֲűƵҶѡ˻ڰ֮Ķˡ
ǽֵʱ̫ˣ顣ҶʾͰѺڰ֮˳ȥˣڰ֮еĳûжģűˡ
˿ȻѪĺܿ죬·ܿȾ˽ɫճմҶʵ
һĨϵĽܿľ˿ڣѪҺ
Ҷеĺˣ˫нɫɫ֯˽֮ɫ
ҶѾЩʧȥˣҪ̵İѺڰ֮飬ŪɹǷ۵ġ
ԭվŵҶӰˣҲûпʲôһ̾ͳ˷֮С
Ϊʲô֪ǿз֮гһĺâ֮⣬һĽġ
ҶһţڣǾҵ𶯡Ǳڰ֮ײ˵Ƭȫ˴յȫҶһŵ֮·ˡ
ٴε˸һ£Ҷҵڷ֮еĺڰ֮񡣲ܺڰ֮ð˶ٵĹìȫҶʸһצץ˵ġ
ìûй赲ҶʵĴ֣û˿ͣٵľץס˺ڰ֮ļַԱߵĵͶ˳ȥ
ڰ֮û˿ķһʯͷһľͱҶʸ˳ȥˡһĺɫĻߣȻصˤ˵ϡֵѿڰ֮ŵ棬嵽ĵܵǰ
ҶʣҪˡ


610 Ԥ
ǵģҶڵУֻһͷǾǰѺڰ֮ɱҶʾãڰ֮ʵ̫ΣˣڻжԷʱԼˡ
˵ˣѾעͷ˵ģע˻˵ġҶʻôܸԷ·ءҶʿûʲôŻɽȤõģΣվҪѿʱͽ
Ȼڰ֮ϵıҶʻҪ֮սȴǲŸոտʼҶϣǵһڰ֮սҲϣһڰ֮սҶʻҪȥôֻаѶԷ׵ˡ
ҶӰֱӳܵǰڰ֮ѾվˣԭصϢѹԼڷڵѪҺ
ܵҶʵϢڰ֮еİ׹ǳһһ㣬ڻ䶯̷Ҷʡ
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Ҫ֪°벿ֿںڰ֮еġǺڰָ֮Ҷǡ֮ǰΪˮѧᣬҲǰ׸ΪˮõƪҲǺܾ˵ģûʲô̫Ľչ
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613 ڣߣ
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ǱܵҪһ£˲뵽ҶǿֲսҶЩĬˣ֮ǰǿصˣھѾƽƽˡ
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Ҷ˵ΪѣҶʾȳĺǽһȺҲװûпͷŤһߡ
ǵ˼ͻˡһ˫۷Ź⣬УΪƵıˡ
ѡ񵶵ģѡǹġѡһ˼ֹҶҲʹ󽣡ûѡ񣬶סһͷ޴ڹꡣ
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ǹΪڹ黯񽣵ĸӦǿˣסڹꡣȵڹ³񽣣Ȼĵȥˡ


614 ˣ
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ûԼˣʱѹסһѵǻҪȵʲôʱء
֮ǰԶɻҶе˻ʽ˿ֱҶʸ˳ȥˡ˻ʽٵķŴ󣬽£ǻȥ
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Ҷʵһù˶ǹЦеûɵĹǣҲʧˡ
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Ǹɽ˻ʽҶһƽ⡣Ӱڲϸһһº۵һڵеӰ֮⣬һЩ۵ӰҲǸһԡ
еģǵһĺڰ֮񣬵ǲ֪ΪʲôûпҶʶһڰ֮
Щ۵ӰȻ׷˭ˡ֮ǰҶʻ֣Щ׷˭һġ涼ˣһֱˡѾˡ
ˣԼڣ֮д߼ˣǺܼ򵥵顣ҲҺͼı̫ˣŴ׷˭ߡȻЩڣҲǹҶܵˡ
ǽɫĹӰУ⣬һľ޷塣֪ΪΣҶʾЩϤǣͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ벻ʲôطˡ
ҲǸӦҶڿӣе̧ͷȻ档˫⣬ǿԽʱռҶʶһȻһֲĵ˻ʽͶӰʹɢ
ϧˣûпʲôطҲ̫ڵľ˰ɡҶʱ˱죬Щź
ҾдϤطһڴҶĬʱ򣬹ͻȻ˵ԼĿ
ŶҲĸоǻֻһֲĻһΪҵĸоˡҶһ£ԭΪԼо˵ġ


616 أ
ҶǾúȻģΧĻֻһǡҪȻĻһܹĶͺܺȷ⵽ʲôط˵İɡ
ǲ񻨾ͷɽôˮһЦݣһ𰸡
ûǸɽ塣Ĭãٴο˵ɫǺܲÿġˮǸӵĲˡ
ôһ˵ľǡ֪ôġҶһ£ϸϸһ룬ľɽ塣
ȺȵԤµĶҿ˵ϵļˮˡˮһЦԵǷǳĿġ
Ҷһ㶣ȻҲˣҲ¶һĨЦݡɽһߣһ죬úйǵŭ
ߣȥȻ֪ʲô˿صģһõġҶһУ˻ʽٵķҶʣҶеʱѾǱԭĴСˡ
ҶʵķʩҶûʲôҶռʵϵƣǶҶʵģʲôء
߹·൱˳ʱ·ԭ·أûʲôΣˡټϴҶʱ䣬ҶʾֱԾӣɽٵǰԾǰ
ҲѧģҶʵ֮ٵԾǰС
ٵĳ˻ӣ֣ѵּʯ·Ϊ߹һΣûôĵǣ֪оͷġҲû˱ʵԸδ֪ΣյıҪˡ
ȫǰ֮£ֻԭ֮һʱ䣬ͳˡ֪ΪΣҶһ
ͣһϢһ£ָԪ۷״̬ɽڴҶͣȻ˵
ûʲôϻҶǶҶŷһЩȻȽûǸߣ鿼ǵĻǺܵġ
Ȼ˵̫ԶҲǳ;ϮˡǲԪĸ·Ҳеġ
ҪôֱӳȥԷǹڳڴŵءǶ˵ˡԷݴ͵ģЩƣġԷǿ϶׼ģȫ֪ġȥһ򾡵ĲŹˡ
ҶĲԪӯһֱõԲûȴϢǵźĽ࣬ķԼ
˫ۿǶɽʵģʶڸӦǰ
ΪֻƣһЩûܵʲô˺ԴһָǺܿġƬ̵Ĺ֮һĶ۾˫ȵģһɨ֮ǰƣ̬
߰ɣ̵۾ʱҶҲ۾̧ǰȥ
ɽоĵģһ֮ǰʪʲôΣնûУֺǵ鲼Σա
Ҷе˻ʽʱĻһӲӵ⣬ôҶݵĻ֮⣬ƻһ·Ľơ
֮ǰҶʱĿӦӦġȻƻҲ鷳Ҷǰٶ˵ġ
Ȼ֪ҶڸʲôΪûиӦκεΣյġǵҶʼγ֮ϸ˾ͶˣҶʽпĵطԪġ
γ֮ɽУѾǱԪ˵ġɴ˿ɼЩжôǿ
Ҷһͷ亹ĸҶʵߵĶҶʲȹĵطһСľͲƫˣȻͲȵ˽֮ȥˡ
ɽп˵ǲ˵ĽƵģȻʲôôĿšǾǼģܹɽġ
ңɽеĽƣȻһġҲ˵ֻҪһɽһѿġ
ߵǰˡҶ̧һѶͷϵ亹ǺݰȻôĹڿӡ
·ǰʲô鶼ûУʲôΣնûСһ·ȻŪô࣬ҪеĽƶطô
оյ߹ˡ֪ɽ嵹ˣ᲻ᱻռļзС
ǰǲһˡԭܹ·ڿˡֻһõĹӰɽĳڳһ޴һġݲңŤռ䡣
ԾΪҵأųı䶯ġ
ôȥӦ޷֪ĶϢġҶʾЩ֪ò̾ͳȥôŲһ취ǳȥĻֿܻΣյġ
ȳȥɡվ˳ˣҲֻʺϵˡ
ɫĹת֮ϺܿĳŨ֮ĸ֮ϡ֮۳Σڲϵѹܿģһǿ֮׾ͳˡ


617 ħϢأ
׼ҶʵһɫȻľͳ˳ȥ
ҶҲὣϽĸϣе˻ʽɢʵĹԣųʱܹȥġ
Ҳ鷢һģһپ٣һһ塣Ҫеһˣ˵һʧҪ鷳ܳľͻһ˵ġ
࣡һ죬ҶʴһһĽ硣ǰľɫȻʣܿǰһֱңԶʡ
߲ôͨġǰһ߸ߴɫĶһվסҶʵߣǰġ
顱һҶʰײڵϷ˼Ȧͣ
ôͣˣûΣղ֪һȥ˼ȦҶſڡ
֮ǰһΪôһСĹѾɵ˵ģȻôľͣˣһ
Ϊ밡̫ڵıˣʲôĻУǼתתϵɢȥٵһ
Ҷʸӵ㻹ǳȥģһ㶼ûйֵ뷨İĻܵÿ죬ȷʵǲġ
Ҷһ˵һһãﲻ˵ĵطҪǻվﲻĻ˵ԼͻһײõϷˡ
Ȼǽ粻ϵĲһɱڵҶһ߿ҪЦȴһ㶼û֮ǰԼҲӵģ˻ʽͱľջС
ôûʲôΣհɡ浣ҶʵİΣϽ˵
ûУʲôΣաǶѾȥˡҶҡҡͷʾһ鶼ûеġ
ô֪أһ㶣ҶΪ˵Ŀ϶
ǲˡҶʷ˷ۣڴķŭŬ졣
档
ˣɽпȥǲһˡͷʱľɫȫһ˵ġûѾӿ˵ڵɽ
ڿȥ֪ǹ仹ʲôԭɽǳġܹĿڲ
ǰǳƬķĹⲿֻһȦѾ˵դΧ£֮⣬ʲôûСʮֵĻ
صиϢݲǹͺͺġڵġص˼ĸо
ǴСһķĹеĹУеѾбˣеѾǵˡ
Ĺ˵ǴСһʵû̫ں˵ռġЩ绯أЩԽϺõİˡ
ҹܹȫͬľҶʱǴصҹʱ
뵣ʥĹĹصÿһأԿԶħǲǿûɵĸoܿʹ裬Ӹ質ƬĹشһʥķΧ֮ڡ
˵죬ĹһľĻôϣ;һµħߡ
ÿϦ£ҹĻ֮ʣħ㿪ʼĹӿȶΪ֮ʧɫΪ֮ҵʱԿ˵е󡢶ħӰĹŰԶŶͷƤ
ҶǶĮȻÿһУǰߡĹزеľӢĹ޵ء˿µ龰֡ЩǿߵĲӢ˻ڲʵź
ߵýˣܹĹ֮Ͽ֡Щ̫ϣ˵ǻɣͿЩĳЩżϼֱܹһЩÿһҾ͵һ
ˣһµӡഫ˼˼ҵ棬һ˽ȫʩչܹӰһ顣ȴֻռ˺Сһطۡ
дܣͬԽ߳ģһԴĶ¾Žھڡܹ׵նǺӣһȻʧɫֻͬһСĵطϢĹϵּѾҪģˡ
֮⣬кܶưһʱǿߡЩаģֻһͬ㣬ǾǿǾǿߡֻǿߣ
ΪҶǽ֪ǸӦ˵Ϣ˻ôģĹСΧ춯ˡ
ذһһѿв԰׵ƴ˳Щƣ˵ģҲ޵ġ
ЩצӸո̧һɲҵϢҶʵ˶ɫ죬Ϣúܡ
Ҷʵ˶Դʱ˻ʽɢǿҵĽ⡣䵽ҶΧÿһĽ䣬Щѿ˵ķͷȻصչ˶ˡ
Ҫ˻ʽϢҶҪת˵ġ


618 Ҷս
ħǶ֪˶ˣеľȫˡȻδ࣬Ǿʱĳ˾˵ı仯
Ҷܹܵǲ԰׵ƻצУ̺ſֲûǰʵôѣҪҶʵ˶ġ
Ҷʵ˻ıܵķӳ˷ܣЩ־塣ⲻǶԵһĸе־壬ǶһȺе־塣
˻ʽĹצ֮ϣǻӶƵˡȻ˷ذ֮С
˵Ҳ֣Щǿ߲ʱѿ˵ķذĺˡ֮ǰʲôûзһ
Ҷʵ鶼ЩأŵãǰԾص˽еľӢǰεǿƣε绢ͬһڲܶôԪʧɾβʣҲӱһѻˡ
ԼδҲһôҶͻȻðһ뷨ǺܿľͰ뷨׿ˡ
ЩҲûõġĹޣȻҲѪʿյĹޡûܹѳ˵ġÿһ˶һġ
ĳص£ҶǰС˻ʽĹԣʼǰѴҶУõʲôΣշ
һ·ϣǲǼһЩͬǿһЩǿߣĳͶУƾԼͬϢӦġ
ͬǶˣھ֮ǰ޵е̬Щĳ򣬶ѾǸ˲ֻ֣ǹǼܻ֧ˡ
УһҶʾɲ顣ͻȻһɫӰҶʣ˫ʵԵϹ⡣һ·ϵһĻвͨǿߡǵһҲһȫĳ˵ǿߡ
⻹ǳԾģԾǿ߶Ҷʷŭһ˻ʣ㾹Ȼûǲͬھôɺް
ҶʵҲЩڵѪҺǿٵţǷսһ޶Ҷ֪ˣӦɡ
ǵ塣Ѿ˸ϢӦǵġң壬ûơȻԴͬǲͬˣ˵ĸоǲͬġ
ͻȻĴ壬Ȼϵ˻𣬲ϵǻǱ˻ʽѹƵ˻ȥѿķذٵĺϣҲûʲôˡ
ҸʲôΪҲǴӷͷİǿҵǵôҶӰɻĲҾɲҶʵʱͷŭˡ
ʵҶʻɻġͻȻֵ壬ô˵һֱ˺ͷԡ
ǳһģһˣѪҲͬˡΪĲͬɳĻͬɵϰ߰ʲôĲͬҲкܴķֱģֻҪϤˣֱܹĳġ
׿˵˻ͬھ壬ӦǶһ˻ʮֵϤġΪʲôҶʸϴءһǲ֪ҶʸӵĲ֪ҶʼҶսһɽԶСеġ
ȥ㲻ǰ˴Ҷʵ˵˼룬϶ҶҪѰҵǡ
ǲ֪ʲôǿߣȻһȺ˶ЩѰ졣ȻĻǵ磬ֱӻɱ˾ˡαػ˵ķϻء
ת뿪ҲҪΪѵġȻһϵԷͲġ
뿪ֱΡһǾ仰ϽҹûʱķˡȻ̾Ͷ֡Ĵȣ࣬Ҳࡣ
αִءҲӦˣ˻ѾˡҴǿ߲٣ǲġϵٴֱӵ˼ɵĶ
ԶҶʵ˶һû뵽ôͱˡԭΪСˡҪǣҶǲĻ֪ѾǱ¶˵ġң˶ԷҲûв׽ԷϢֻ˵ԷʵԶԶĸ߳һġ
ҶʻľãϵЩϤҶսġҶսҪܶġţҶʻЩˡҪһ˵ʲô
ϾҶ磬һ飬ǾҵҶսġĶ෽Ĵ찵õģûκεҶսϢ
ڵõصϢ֮ҶҲǴ󵨵Ĳ²ġҶս᲻֮СҶսʵҶľЩԾ
û뵽ȻƵǲҶսҶҲҪȥȷһµġοҪŵǰġ


619 ǿ̫ǿ
սһѾĵزˣ˫ܻõˡ˵˫ܻõˡ
һѻ죬粻֪еĵȫĸĴ߶£ѵɢſֲϢǼƣҪضһΪһ㡣
һ£Ҷʵ˻ʽѹƣضǾĵˡǺ˵ƣͬǰĹеʬסˡ
Ϣ켶Ϊ˵ġҶʺǴܣԼǸոͻƲõģȻҲΪˡ
Ҷʸоˣоٰˡ
ܵ˻Ϣĳ˻ʽҲ춯ַɳȥļơҶסˣû˻ʽ֡
ҶҪ״ﵽʲôĳ̶ȡҲҪԷܹа壬ôʵ
ӦһƬ貵ǺӡʱռͻأĳУ˻ǰ档
Ǻǳ貣ÿһǳǱһǺӵġͬɢſֲĻϢѷɫٵġ
ͻȻǲ֪ǿٻǺӣҶһеǺҪȥͬڱ˵ʩչƶ֪ǺӵĶٱġ
ϽǿǾнǺӣҶǺӵֽϻһ
ľǿŪǺӣÿһŶʵһ㣬гԨϢǺŪĸģ⣬һԱֻ˵ͽεˡ
һ֮һͷǺ֮С
ǺҲ貣ÿһǳޱȣгǧȫıһ㡣ǿֲϢռ䶼ܹܽġ
̼ܵеĽɫʥںڵħŤŽһܣض
е֮ǰۣȻûǿǱϾ̫ڰˣ׵ľ͸һеϢ·˯ǿ߲ܵš
ȻʥħǱϾߵĹ̫ǿˡȻϢ͸ҶǸӦ˵ġ
䡱һ죬ʥħ֮ϵĿռ䣬˲ˡһ龫Ĵصˤ˵һ㡣
ǳ֪˶ٿţһɹ⡣ҲŨĻϢŵ̫ܵĳ
߻ľĥԷǳѴɹǰ˲١ǰĻϢͬǱϡˡ
һ֮£Ȼ˿µҶĿģ˻ʽȥɱһĳ嶯
һεĽ֣Ӧƽɫ˭Ҳûռ˺ô˭Ҳûֵ˶Էıˡ
ҶʵȻûɵƵ˻ʽȥġ˻ʽܵˣҲҪҶܵ˰ֲĲĵԼ޵˵ô࣬˻ʽս
У˾Ĵսսһֱ˺ܾáǿֲĺûֹͣ˵ġʱпֲɹأŤħˡ
źǣʲôϡ飬ⲿֱֻܹͨħγɵĻܵĲǿȣײĴС
Ǿ޴ײֹͣˡǰտٵϡܹǰľˡ
һԭ貵Ǻӣֻǵļǳ档ǳ޹⣬Ҫһ㡣
һͷѾС˲ֹһĴСϢɢˡܿõĵ
һսͬƽֻ֡ǲ֪صǿߣʲôġҶʵȻϣ˵ģҪ̫أȱ첲ȵľͿˡ
ߣҲǰȥսҶʿǰĿռȶˣǰĴ㡣
˻ʽ֣סһƬռ䲻ܹܵ쵽ġңֻҪܵ˵ͬʱҶͬвܵʵġ
ǿܹ˵ƴҲһߵģӦǲͬʱܵǿ߼лġ
Ҳãȥ⵹ʲôǿߡʵ̫ˡ룬ȻЩΣգǻͬǰȥս
Ҫصǿߣʵ̫ڵĺˡֱͳ˵û뵽ʿܹﵽĵزȻ֪ȫ渴Ļжǿ֮ǰ˻ʽļαƶϣԲ׵ǿ߾ܹӲӵˡ
սĳģͬޱȵĿġ
Ȼû˵ǿͬǻޱȵġҶ˲ˡ


620 䣿
˻ʽܹסҶǵİȫȻ޾ġΪҶΪܹͬƾȫ汬δ֪ǿ棬ܹսͬʱסԼһİȫ
Ҷֻ·ûоҪսġסԼߵֵİȫȻҲǲڻµġ
Ҷǵٶȿ죬ܿľͳ嵽ǵĽǰˡ֮ƣ˭ûΪ֪ҪǺҵжˣܾͻܵΪҿƽ񾭶ǽŵġ
Ҷǵĵǻݵǿߣûлͷһµģ˫綼Ӧ˵ġԴˣҶʸоˡԼҲܹһս֮ĺòãٿһµİɡ
ûǿĹǰˡһɷĶҶǣҶȻҲߣȻǲẦµģ˫üëŪ۾ģҪѶԷһ㡣
Ҷϸһ£಻٣һ˾ŸˣվһЩ˶һԣȫһۣעⶼѡ
֮⣬һ΢ߴӰڵĹУϢر𡣿˵ǺǿҲ˵ǺϢȶǲ֪ǲʲôĺڰ֮
Ҷаĸ̣ˮƽйصģʲôϲΨϲɫġϲҲˣŪŵҲϲۡǣȻϲڹ
ʲôڹҶȻָľڵǳڰ֮ĸߴӰˡ
ҶбͲˬټ϶йصĶûʲôøУȻûʲôɫˡʱԷȻҵԼҶҲ̻ص˻ȥǷЧһ㶼е˻ʽ̵ľö̧ͷ죬ܷ羰Ŀ羰ûһҼĵҶʵˡ
ЦĿɲ֮ѾˡҪҶʱһ£ǻػǲءҪǳˣܹܲȵءϾ滹һ֪ôֵǿ߻Ԥİɡ
Ҷʣ㵹ܵͦİһߣ䣬ʮֵС
˴˱˴ˣıҲͦİȻᵽȮгɣϲıӵİɡҶһƤЦĻش𣬸ͲĿͷϵĹҶʿԹֱˣҶʾԼ˵ľҪ׺ݵöˡ
ߣϣһҲܹЦó׼ôãȻҵطҾһҪõֵġ˭ûа취ıġһѹеĻ֪治ҶʵĶֻ֣ȭͷӲĲܹԷ
ҺڴҼȻˣȻ֪ʲôҲ׵ĵõġȻҾͲҶʡҶҲһߣԡ
һΣ㵽ûǲá飬˭ܹܵġҶʣתȥҶʹ˾һֱû˵ǿߡ
ҾǿҪҪɱ⡣ѵҪվʲôطܹԤˣϵȻǲĿͷϵĿŵġ
˵̶֡ϵԽã˵ԽûкôġԵ˶ԼеġֻڻûкˡҪǳеʱ䣬˫ֵЭ飬˵ġ
ҪǾֻ̳ˡ
һӣ֮ǰȥ˵ڣٴεĳˡ󣬾Яһһ㡣
ֵʱԭѾƽ˵أͻȻ춯ȻûиĹ֮ģѾܹ˻ˡ
Ҷһ㶣Ȼɫ䡣ѵЩ֮ǰŵˣСֲ֮ǰٵķĹѿȥȴûз˭ץűġ
ǣôҪʲôЩʲôرء
еָ߸̧ҶһĶڣ֮Уеת˸ߣһìͷ׼Ҷ
ˡеĲһƬģûֹͣȫҶʡϢ죬ս÷顣
Ҫңֱ̫С˰ɡҶһߣЩЦ
Ҷʶûжһ£۾ûգһ¡е˻ʽ΢΢ʹ⣬ʱܹ
ŨĽⲻҶȫʩΪʱľ󣬶˻ʽϢܵѰĸˡ
ϡײڽ֮ϣֱӶѳأЩԺãһȱڣ󱻱˳ȥӹ˶ѵˡ


621 ı
Ȼûб˵ûиܵҶʲû˾͸еİʲôġΪЩһڵϣͿٵѿȻʧˡ
ʶȥӦҲǲ֪ȥ˺ηңҶһֱ̧ͷķ϶Уʼɫƽ
Ϊı̫ڵƽˣûһ˿ľûһ˿ɻӵûʲôġҶʾ⣬кܴ⡣Է֪ˣԲŹġ
һԶŵǿߣǿЩʲôǰǺٴ˺üŵĴǣôϡˡݵϢǿҲǻظһֵԪ˵ġ
ǣǿ߸ոЩ춯ĻҲ춯˲䱩ǣɽһˡԿһĸ壬ʱҲеĵϢظЩԪ
ôţҪæˡҪҶֻͣҲáҳȻսʹ졣תͷ˿ǿߣĿ˵и߰ҲжҶʵĲм
ߣʲôʸ˵ĻУͬҲƨҶЩˬŭҶʡ
е˻ʽһһĽϡ֮Уնһͨѵɶѵ߽֮С
յĻҲһ𣬴һѩĵ⣬ǲӽɫİ罣ײһʲôûз˭Ҳûκε˭
ԤϵǣҶʲûгͬһվԪȺڣεĵˣھȻֱڣ˵䡣ҶŭˣҪ׵İڣ顣
ҶʵҪڣһЩʲô
ڣ֮еٶ࣬Ҳһģ޾ġҲһʱƵġܿľʧһˡ
ֻһտӣ֮⣬ûһˡ
ҶȴϢĺȥˣûκεⷢҶЩͷˡѵΪԼΪβأ
˵Ҫңƾ⣿ҶʵȵòͷˣһļޱȵˣڿΪʮֵԡ
ߣûҶʹķϻֻһӦ
ٴһѿһڵĿӡɷϢŨңһɲҵİԵϢ
ײյһԿֲʿ˳
ģȻҶʶֵģϣǵ˵ԶԶսǼġ
бϵĲģڳֵģҪǿƵöˡ
ĳһƬŨϢص¶ȶ½˼֣ĹǶദ˼ɭĸоˡ
ٴһָҶʡеͬʱһƬɫĺҶʳ˹
ҶʵɫӵѿˣͬвҶʵģҶȴ֪⵽ʲôر⡣δ֪ģԶµģӦΪ֪ôȥӦԵġ
θӵֱӣǴͬһƬռҶʳġǲҶʣ޷˺ԷҶǵһ͸ٵ˵ˡ
֮µǿߵʬ궯øӵľˣʶǷذ͸˳ԪĲ
׼ĹȻҲ㹻ĳֵİȻûж֣ǿٴεĿˣ˵һ仰ǿߣ֪ĻٵģǱҶҪĶˡ
ߣҾͲ˻û׼κεĺ֡Ҳϣ˺󿪿˵һ仰
ȻֳЩţĻôҶһ㶣Щͷԡǰһ仰⣬Ϊݵʱ䷢ȷʵ׼˺ܶĶġ
Ǻһ仰Ҷǲ֪ʲô˼ʲô˻ʾû׼Լ˻ʺòãԼ׼ʲôԼôôԼҪġѵԼԼʲôֵôҶһͷ
䡱ߵһСѿĹ߸ߵֿٵ¡һŸõ·Ӱ
Ƿ̫ڵľԶ֪ʲôġһ£ǻǽסʱʴѾˡ
ǿߵ岢δ࣬Ѿ;ƿݵĵزˣ԰ףһĹ
ֻǵһֵġΪߵģԶͬǿߵʬ壬ԭضעҶʡ


622 ǧǰķʣ
ֻһˡҶʿͱģһµĲ롣ڣǲΪʵˡ
ԽԽʬӵ֮ˡģǳƬˡ֮ģȫǿߵʬ
ȻⲢʲôǿˡֻĴֱʰˡЩԶŵǿˡ
ÿһʬжץһǰġЩãЩƻУЩǱҶʸոոŪϵġ
ңЩǿߵʬеʶҶʾޱȵϤӦǳȺĳƬʬںˡ
ߵĽϣģЩǿߣҲЩʶߵĽ塣
ҶʲòˣǸհԶԶʲôʱͿʼ׼ˡ֪ǼŬĽ˰ɡ
ǿߵʬǿ󣬵û˼ӲĹЩ˼Ǳϴˣȫǿûʵ壬Ҳǲǿġ
ֶǾ䣬ÿԻġ
ôͲմȾ翵ôŪ˵ʬ壬֮󣬱ҲôŪôҶЩ
ҶȻ˵ǵ飬ġΪѵû˵
ʵˣܿܣʤΪʲôûˡңҸҿ϶˻ҲһʲôʡĲмڷҶʣˡ
ңҲԶһЩЩ˼ҵĲ¾нǿߵꡣȻһ׽ԵɱһЩȻ־һֱڡ׷һֱڰıſڹЦ
Ҷʲ˵ˣ֪Է˽ʲô϶Լ˷ʡңҶʿѾǷˣֱġȻܹľֳ
ң˵׷һֱڡҶҲˣǶ֪ʱд˾ҵЩҲһеģһֱ׷һЩ顣
ҶûҵԼ׷˭ʲôط˵Լûʲô׷˭ߡ֪Է׷û˹ܵ£˶ٵˡ
㻹ϻʲô죬ΪǵڵӰȻˣ߽˫ðŲ̵ĹâҶǡ
ȥɡһУѾΪ˿տһڣڵ֮СˣӰϢȶʮֵĿֲصǿߣֻһߵӡ
벻ˮǵ־Ȼȥһû׵İ쿪ʼʱΨкڰǱҸˡڵȷ˾ǳĺڰ֮ɡ
ǲԣǶǹˮΪǳڰ֮ĿкĹˮǳĹ֮ˮ֡һУɥĲڰĳڰ֮ĪĹġ
Ѻڰ֮ôˣˮ񿪿ڴȣԷϢһ˿Ϥĺڰ֮Ϣ
ȻǱˡǸϲģôãſҵһڰĴЦţ˸˷ܵĹâģҲᱻɵġӴˣֻһˡ
־ǲĥģµĹֵġƽֱڰ
ˮ־Ҳǲĥģµˮ֡
־ǲĥģµֵġ

һڴȣȻʵԷǶս۸֣߰δûһսĿԵġ
Ѿоˣɵ֮󣬻ܹɵϿǵĸ־ֻǱȻģﻹвĥ־ֱǿЦǵ˵ǣڰԵúǷŭſڴȡ
ڰֱ֮֮ӳˡɢķϢһεܹգֱȡǶ
Ҷеĳո춯վһѩ⣬Ҷʲòı˹Ŀꡣ
ѩĵһźһ㣬ԭԭزĶҶʵʬȺҲͬʱж˸Ĺ⣬ԩ
ÿһʬеҶҶ޿κΣڿնе˻ʽʹ˿ֲĽҶԭתڵϻһγɵĽɫļ׶ѹǹС
ֻǳҶģǿҶ̫Ҷʲò


623 ֮
Ĺ˽ɫĽĻ֮ϣ֮ڵıѩһʲôûǽɫĽĻûһ˿춯
ЩȻǿߵǺܶ඼ѾȥԡǵȥˣȻǾסʱʴѾҪƽˣȥԻһķ
ȻǱ˵УϢȴͬˣңûǿֲԪΪˡ
ˣҶʵֵһֵĹ̫ڵĳ٣Ҷģ¶ǿסġ
Сģˡ˵ز˾Ȼͱ־סˣʲôɲˣ˵бڰĿܡ
ڵһֹոµʱҶ˫һ㣬һԴܳȥ㹻Զľ룬ŻءҶҶƶʱЩʬûйĶҶʣҲҶСȵת
֮ǰΪҶʵĸԤڰ۵գһԣûмųȥҶе˻ʽڰ֪öԸûԼȥʵһ£˭ǿ˭Ĵ㡣
Ҷ뿪ˣڰ̵ٴжˡϢѿˡڰľһѷâ¶һ㣬Ĵ֮С֮ߣǶʮֵͷۡ
ڰȻ˵ʵҪǿǵģȴûäĿĺҳûѡӲһֱΧߣʱĸһ£һֱѹǰѺڰһӵ˼˵ġ
ڣڰҵ˹Ļᡣ֪ΪΣ˲ķ񣬲ɲǼ飬ޱȵĶݵġںڰ˵Ѿ㹻˵ġ
ѡŹ֮ΪһֵĶҲʮֵĲġڰǶġ˴໥ƣؼľǿ˭ʵǿڿ϶ǺڰʵԶԶǿڹ֮ģҲ˵Ǻڰܹƹ
ЩУԭʵǰμĹ񣬷ǳΪΪСһˡĹںڰ˵ò̫󡣵ǺڰĹڹ֮˵Ǿġ
Ϣѿڰ˲ͳ˳һĺ⣬ǽǵâͬĶ
һȳ˹֮üģҪһٰѹԪ١Ⲣˡڰ˫գſͬһ㣬Ҫץ֮ĺ
ԭĹ֮ͻȻ˹е㯲ˣȡ֮ıóѵЦ⣬΢΢ǣľڶԹ֮Цһ㡣
мˣͷ˲ľͳ˺ڰͷȻڰѾǺСĵˣǱϾʵǵġ̵ľҪȡʵԵЧʽ˵ġ
Ҳ˵ڵĺڰ˼Ӳƴ֮⣬Ķġ
гһɫĳǳ֮˿̵Ĺ񽣸Ĵߴ٣ɢǿҵɫĹâжһ׹⣬Ƶĸһʥĸо
ȣǹ񽣸Ӧ˺ڰϢͻȻȫ˹ΪĹȻͨҲӦΪ񽣵ĹͨùƬ̵ã
ǹϵһԵʣȻľͶΧĸӦƬ̵иˡúڰҵ˾ѵŹϵĳֵġ
˹ƣһɹһ㡣һնüĵĺˡͬʱгһʥʹͨ췢⡣
ʹһϮİɫۣһַ豹ĸоӢӲŭȻ˿ǷŭĿǰġ
ڰþòû뵽Ȼѡһֲ˲ķʽˡʥʹڵ˵ޱȵϣеĲм
ôܣôҲˡԣ㱻ɱˣǱ˽˵ġͻȻֵӰڰǼһ˲ͳȥˣҪץ֮һצȻûץȥ

ôܣǳһڰֳ֮һ֮ѵǶûô
ڰ˼˵һ仰ڳеɫ䣬ܾñЩһǿһֱжԼһ
֮ȥΪǰֵǳĹ֮񰡡ǹԪص׺ǹ֮Ľġ
ѾˣҲûҵ־ˣӾõ֤ɫϲǳƽ˵һʵΪȫһôѡֲ˲ķʽȥ㻹𣿡
ҶţͲ岻ϻ漰Զŵ


624 
ƨ£лʲôûˡڣһսҵûȥҸӵǿˡǣѾȥˣʵڰŭĺǳţȻǳĳúڰкܴĲ
ǣڻڻԼôĬƬ̣Ȼ󵭵Ŀڵ
ţʲôпܡȥ˵ˣûʸѵҡڰҲƬ̵ĳĬȻǱ˵еĹǡȻֳˡˣ嶼ûˣʲô档Ҿ㣬Ϊһ֣һøǿģúõڴɡ
ĮȻܱһʶɢѾǺܲ˵ġֻǵʱ򣬸˲صĴۣűһʶڹ֮ϡҪǽ챻ڰϢ̼ˣ֪ʲôʱŻѹ
ңϾѾȥ˵ģ嶼ˡʶһѹҲûж೤ʱܹģܿľͻɢ
Щڰ֮ЭĽڡڰ˵һǺڰ˽ġڰ֮䣬ضͷʹǲкڰҲġ
Ǿսɡҿ㸶ôࡣֵֵһУ񽣷һ˲ͳ˰գΧŹϵת
ϻƣһҪĿˡȻڣǴ̫ˡ֮󣬿Ҳûлˡĸ̾ġ
һıҳϵĻ顣嶼пܱԼ񽣲ᡣԣܶʱ񽣵ΣһС
Ҳͨ飬ܹ֪ΣʴˣҲԹӵҳϡڹУܹӿֲġ
ճƮƮźڰƮȥǼΪĻģǸûǱ紵һ㡣
ǿƻʵޱȡʱռǰУһǰĳơ
Ʈ˺ڰǰʱ򣬹Ǳ紵һϷƮ˵Ρеĳ£ͬޱȵĻܹĿڰ֮ÿһ
оڽսһŮӣڻǰ±ݽһ㡣֮⣬һǴ
ǾƮƮһȴúڰɫ䡣ȵĿʲôģȫʧˣǰδеء˻һĹһ
ڰһȣһӭȥгŨɭڹ⣬ұ֮УұۿīɢžĹˡ
ȻʲôĺڰԪкڰԼתľԪ
䡱һֲײնһ㣬ʲôˡֻһ׵Ӱһֻںڵֱۡ
ǿֲĹûЩ춯صǿ߶ЩԾһֱڹҶʵʬƬ̵ͣ͡
ǲһƮƮĵɡڰӶ˷ɻңֱһпڣȴûѪҺƤ֮ҲɢŽļ⣬ʾźڰѾȫĲķΧˡ
֮⣬ڰ֮ϣŻС˿ڣǳģȫڸոһ֮¸ġ
ǿһʵһ˲䣬Ҳ֪˶ٽȥˡһڰֱ˵Ĵ۵ס֮⣬ĵطûйܵġ
Ҳ˵ǣڰһ˲䣬ҵɱУĸûйܡ
ǿ˺öࡣҪڣҶҪתˣǿҵġǣܹٽءһǿģȻ˻ǽˡڰ֮ɫصɫˣһſЦݡ
ںڰ˵ͬʱǱƤ⣬ڿٵϣܿľͻָ糣ܵ˵ġֻۣ˵ŸոյһС
ĮȻĹȷʵġԪùûзһĻᡣոһǺܲġҲûʲô취ģ岻ڣҲû۷ԪΪ
Ҫ۷״̬ţոһڰǵסġɵסˣֱ۾ǻᱻġ
˵սܼǱܵġֻҪǻͻо˵ͻơȻɱǰҲ͸һЩġû뵽Ȼ״̬չ˳԰ҲԳ
͸˿ֲĽУҲ԰ġ˵ȻӲдĵһ


625 ҶУ
񡭡ĹſڣҪ˵дʲôȴ֪˵ʲôá
ûҪѹʲôġѾȥ˵ģ㿴ģ˵ңҲ˵ңʧѾǱȻġǵĹĻؿһЩɡȻֻҪ˼ͻ˽ģ˽ֻ谭ǰġҲǺķ˺ܴľԼͨ͸ǹڹ˸ʵûлصһЩ
ĹʱǺεȵƣֱһһģһķ档ͬΪ˺ܶ㣹飬Щ񶼿ͨǹӡܵġ
ûʲôԳܵĶỹʱȥ
ܽˣպѾġһȻ󹧾һ
ΪʵͣͲǰ˺ܾˣļǿ֪ġΪ˸ǿʵϵġЩҲǸ˲ٵ㣹ġ³֮ʵûߣЩ˲
ùӵķŭӵżĿҲӵǿˡȻ󣬹˸Ĳ顣һѭһⲻĶ
ڣǰĻʱˡǰĳľ統ʱϿʱĹԪһޱȵ貴ġ
һ覵Ĺ⣬ս˹Ľ䡣ùǽ˹ϴ嶼ӯˡ
ܹڰĿ⣬Ϊ״̬Եʣǲܹ֧źܾõġ˹İҲڰԿıˡ
ҶʷȫȫעԼߵսٷȥǺڰĶˡ
ҶߣҲʮֵɵġһȺǵʬҶʳȻھ߱ЩǰսˣǿӲ̶Ҳͨʿܹġ
ʬȫˣǰͺ̵Ҷʳ˹ҶȻÿһܹشһʬģնϱǿһ֡
ҶÿһεĻӻҲͬȫ˵ġڳвɡ
ҶԭزΧѾѻһȦĶ˵ʲôģȻҲ塣
Ҷʲ붯ҶʸͶ˵ġҶΪԲģΧʬģҶʲһƶ˲֪ܵٵĹġ
ЩʬȻǰǿֲޱߵģҪܷǰһսҶʶ붼תܵġϧǣھͲûȫɳˡҪȻĻҶʶ֪ʲôˡ
ҶޱȵĮȻֻǻеԵųԼʬû̫ԪʽгԪͻġ
ȻܵԼҶʻΪЩǿߵźеˡͬʱҶҲʮֵķŭġЩһ˽ܣǰΪƻΪ񣬵֮ǰ֮¶һʹˡ
ڣȻôЩϢǿߡֱǲˡġҪǣԼ˻ҲĴҶ;úµġжĳ̶ȣһ̨׵ˡ
𣡡ʬУһ֮ҶʸովϷϤʱ򣬾ͿԶгȺʬ׷Уصĵ
һ֪ʲôĴڣڿٵ׷ʬҶʳ˹
顱Ҷʵ󣬼ʬܵ˾ײٵҶʳ˹
Ҷתе˻ʽն䣬صĿ˼ʬ֮ϡʬ˴ıҶʸˣ˵ϡ
ڸ˵ĶѪɢŶڵĽõǡҶʳ˽ɫĻܣԷЩѪմȾ֮ϡ
Ѫ֮һɫâӰٵҶʳ˹ʱǰյǡôġպҶһ£ұ۶ݵĲܷʱ
Ҷע⵽ˣôܻᱻô׵ĸеġ
һֱǰ֣ĺ˳ȥնҶʸˡɫӰȭͷײһ
顱һ죬ռһƵףҶоЩơ
ҶʱĻ˳ȥЩ顣ԭҶ׼ʬ⧲֮£Ҷʸײ÷˳ȥ
ʬȺУҶʵһյĵش
ʧȥֱһʲôоûˡһ̣ҶǱһɽײȭͷˡȻһɽ嶼ܹҶʸ򴩵ġ
ڸѪڣԪɲǵı߲ʹҶʻǵһĶԿУôһġɴ˿ɼԷǶôǿ
ң⻹һȥ˵ǿߵʬ壬ʲôĶʧòˡҪǻţҶʶɣԼ᲻ᱻһӸˡ


626 ϴ壡
ҶʵϷƬ̣ԷҲûйҶſˣԷԭ֮ǰͻȻԼҺġҲһڴ˵ص塣
ҶһֲöԷ˵ǿԭгɵ塣ȥˣҲôĥġˣ֪ڣǱ˲ֵս
ãáҶͻȻð뷨ñ˵˲Ƕ˵ġҪǱһĪʬĶԿУԷɳȥˣǾͶˡ
һǴıƴҶʲִ֮²ûжöٵԪҲΪԼܹ˶Էġ壬еԪѾҪʧɾˣˣһҲϵĴ
ԭ㰡һΪһкͳ׵ƨˡû뵽ǼĻȥʬ˰Ҷ˦˦ۣһ壬һ䡣
ߣû뵽Ȼһ˻壬̫ˡܹԡ˻ʵѪҺг׵ȥǶ˵õĹˡ岻֪Ƕûпˣ˵ЩᡣƾŶĿƣܹܿ˵ˡ
Ѿˣܹ˵Ļ壬˵ʤңοһˡҶû뵽ԷȻõԸЩ档ڶԷĻʹϵöԷˮ
屾һģɱ㣬ҲһġɢصϢһӰһ˵ţһаǣޱȵĶġ
ʲôһģҶһ㶣׼ȷĲ׽˶Է͸¶Ϣ϶Է֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰Ҷðһɲ뷨ȷϡ
ϢһΪѾ֪ˡ֪ãҲġɻ벻ȥ̫ˡһ£ĿҶȷҶʲ˵֮ŸǴ𰸵Ĵ𰸡
Ҷʺץ񣬶Է˵ǸЩܣ㲻֪һ֪ˡأҾǲ㣬ҾҪĥ㣬Ūı
ߣҾʹ˵ΪֹҶһߣ׿Ժе뷨
Ǿôõ˻ʡ¶ܹ˲ľע˵ġҲ׵ɡһߣ
ΪϢһֱ޼ɵɢŵģһֱѹΧʬЩʬǰŸҶһеʱ䣬ʱ̸
Ҷʡȥ˲ٵ鷳ٵĻʬ͵Ϯ
ҶʲҪ壬ֻܷңһܹܵסԷĹġһ¶Ǻܺõ֤ˡ
Ҷὣϣ˲ͳ嵽ǰҲսģսľḻզࡣҶ֮ȣֻñǸոѧ·ӤԷȴѾǳˡ
ҶʲŸոսӽ壬ûеԼ壬ûҵһʵĽǶȷѾǺһȭˡ
ƽһȭȴ˲ôÿռ䱬ѿˡֱмϹǶסƬռ䣬ǷסҶʵÿһĶܵĿռ䡣
Ҷʱ޿ɱܣоʮֵĲˬԼȷԼȷˡңҶڵʵ̫ˣͲ÷ġ
ǲ÷ҲҪİܵһȭԼϵİɡǹҶҲȥӲˣʵ̫ˡ
ڹ֮£Ҷе˻ʽֱ˹ȥһĽ˻ʽһն֮ϡ
ֱۣƬ̵ͣ͡ǰĽҲ˲ˣನɢжǼ
ϡ޴˻ʽȻǿֱ֮ϡǲûնϣֻпһɼǵ˿ڣѪ
Ҷʷֱ۷飬е˻ʽסˡֽ˫֣Ҳ˻ʽһڲסĲ
ҶĺҪһ໰ʲô尡ֱҲΪ˰Ҷʶûܹ֮ǿǣ˻أҶЩڴˡ
ǺڰʲôƨԼİ취ǹƨ˰ģα弫ǿǶԼȴûʲôơǿ֮ͬڵģȫûñȵˡ
嶼ˣ˻أȥʲôطˡҶͻȻ뵽һ顣᲻Լæء


627 
Ҷʵĺ˼룬һܹԴҡײҡɢˡ
֮ǰһµײҶʿ˵ȫľ·磬ǿֲȫҶʵϡȻȻģһͬĴ
һβʲôзˡҲûܵŵġҶʱ˲ľͻ˵֮ϡܵĽӴŰҶԺеĺ˼ײûˡ
̫ʵˣȻûбҶʸײģ˵ľȻûл档ҶһһܵĽӴ嶼ҪѹһűˣȻ˲Ļصһȥ˷˼Σͣ
ҶһĹأ滹ŪôӲԺ˽˥ˣԼĿӶڲô
Ҫֱӱ˵£ҶʻúһЩȱһȭȻڵײһ£ҶʾԼ˲䰤¡һһ£Գ˵ġ
ҶʻûлعͷһڵĴ󵶴ſֲϢԼͷ˹
ҶʻûзŭȴǷŭˡſһȡ
ڿڴȵͬʱ˲ͳ嵽Ҷʵǰˡһ˲ץסĴ󵶣һץ飬ƬӭҶһġ
⻹꣬ڿдһӰȻץסǳֵʬ˫һֱӾͰǶֵʬ˺Ϊ롣
Ѿǵʬ׿סˣˢˢĺ˼ǿռ˸ĳҶŲշתġҲ˵ǷˬҶʵġ
ҶҲ˲ѹˣڵǱԼġҶʿûʲôϰףʲôҪľ˼ͲƽԼǿ̫ˣлᣬʲôᣬֻҪܹŪģҶʶġ
һţҶ˲ĴӵϵԪ״Ҷʳֽоۼ˻ʽ˲âʢ貶Ŀ
˻ʽĺ˹ȥһĻۡ
˲תҲǳâǰһˮһ㣬תʱǺ֮ϵ˿ڣѾ˵ģһ˿İ̺ۡ
顱סתһҶе˻ʽ֮ϡҶʱĵҵĶһʵһҶʹģΪľжûжĵطֻпı״̬ж
ߣһѾշˣ㻹ǿԵˡһߣûаҶʿдеϷҶʵͷ
ҶʲûпڣŤҶƮɵġУе˻ʽһֱûֹͣġ˵ҶʲûܵشһлҶʵĳܵķΧ֮ڵġ
һڿŤҶʣͻȻ١ֳ˻ʽ͸գٴγıеĳٴεĺĴȥ
һεĹٶ˲䱬ĹԶԶĳ˵һεĹġ
Ҷʲֹˡһ˹ĵ߻ҶʿŤʱɢȥܵЩһЩܹԼáȻȻȻľó
Ҷһ̴ǲˮٴεĺϿһԣ˿Ҫ˼ġ
ϾǷꡣŭٴεתݺݵһȭ˻ʽ˲˴ı˳ȥˡ
ҶٴŤΧ˳ȥŤҶٴʧ
Ҷʴ̽ÿѡͬһطÿһζܹСȻһʼ˿ڲǺܿľܹˡ
һδεİҶʴɣҶʾǸ֮һ͸ϲߵġܿľֻˡ
ңҶʵٶԽԽ˵ģжҶʵӰˡֻÿһγɹĻ˻ʽʱ򣬴ܹжϳҶʴŵλá
ʹķźˣҶʻԲһ㣬һδεĴ̺ģ塣巢ˣĻҲһǿһ˵ġ
ģпʼ˳ϫϸţţǱ˾κһ㡣ɣõϵʬһƬ
վ⳱ϫģоΪľҡһƬصֹһ㡣
ԵתȭһξȻˡһȭ˿Уգʲôûз
ЩʲôõҪˡԲҶ֧Ųסˡ
ʼļ£Ҷʻޱȵĳ֮⡣֮ʱУҶʿ˵ԽԽɵġҪԼܹŷ


628 壡
ʱϵԽãҶǹԽ˳ԽʹġҶʵĸо෴ģоҶʵĹԽԽǿģмҲԽԽˡ
඼˼ˡΪɵǼǿģԾˣǺܿľ޸ˡ
Ҷʼ򵥵ĴɱûиʲôʵԵ˺Ҷһʼ뵽˵ġ壬ûӦķȥӴƻĳ̶ȣǸõġ
ˣҶһʼͲǴôԷġûкҶʷȰԼˡ
ҶһʼԼͬʱһֱɧţöԷпеʱ׼ġ
ҶʾѾԼļ˵ʱҶ˲ڿն𣬳ͷϿաҲ֮£һȭ˿УҶѾʧ˵ʱ
Ҷʶֶе˻ʽ˻ʽӭǣ˲һɫɽ˵仯һ缸ռô˿̵˻ʽͱһ֧ص塣
֮˺֣緭ƶ䡣
˻ʽǷ޹棬ľʢһСС硣
ңҶ˴صıԴȫӳСÿһÿһݶ磬ÿһÿһ޶֡
ɫɽ壬嶥£·˹ȥҶʸһƻ˽֮ϣ˻ʽһ·ȥ
ôܣ㲻ǻʲô֪ôôܹĹɫ䣬û뵽ı
֮ûмŽҶʣΪҶʹڵ֪ܶĶڶ֪ңǷ̽ҶʼεģҶеãǼװģȷˡ
岻ΪҶʶԼκεвģ˵Ϸ˼ǴҶԼĵϷȥҪҶ衣
ǣû뵽ҶʾȻĹЩܲˡ൱ǳƽǳĬȭ֮ѶԷˣһµġǶԷˣͲ֪ʲôطһѵӣƾҪͱ㣬ܵˣ
ҶʺҪضԷһ䣬ɵư˻ʽҵģôܹĹ뻹ˣ֮ǰҶҲʹԷһЩ⣬ǶԷԵĲûиҶʽġҶһǳˣҲûбҪ߶Է̫飬Լá
˻ʽ䣬ΧĿռȫȥŤġⲿֵĳǿңֱָ塣
ҲһӣҲûпİʲôģûпڴʲôġ˫֣ļס˶ĽĲ档
˫۶΢΢ĲĹѾǳķΧˡô׾ֵܹסġ
ң֮ϣǷ·־ڲʱĳˢɱ¾־һһ˻ȫ෴ġӵܣ嶼ҪŻȼһ㡣
Ҫֲ˵ʱбסһָǲںڰڵڣտٴγˡ
յڣ֮УһԵøӵۡʱҲɢɫâ˲˺ڣ˳ˡ
ǵ˲Ϣ͵ˣڲѪȫ˵֮⣬ɢ˸ҫ۵Ĺâ
䡱һǱѪŵĵܣײ˻ʽĲ档ؾ˻ʽײƫԭĹ켣¡һӲĵ汻˻ʽ׵Ĵ̴ˣֻһĽ档
ǵһεײ渲ŵѪҲ˲ľͻϼ˸ɾ
ҲãյĹޣǸľȻ֮УѹڴˡȻ㱬˸ǿҲԹˡеĵܣ
įнѣҲһ˿˷񡣴ʱ壬ޱȵĸӣ˺Щʲô
ҶѾϰ˵һЩĪĻˡ֪öһЩԼ֪һЩôԼʵǿ˵ʱȻ֪̽˵ĵʲôˡ
ڣҶʾЩľĸоԷȻʱƽ
ңǵܣҶҲΪǷ֮ǰѹڣ֮ˡʯǵڲȻѪҺҶѪҺľ֮֡ǲؼֹȫڽʱѪȻעС
ҶʵĲ¼Уֱǵײȥˡ
ҶԤеĵķûзķѵ塣
岢ûײȥڽӴһɲǣ˲ĽԱˣѪͷ΢СĩȫǵܵΧ


629 ۷
ҶĿǰΪϲ˵壬ôԱˣѪѪû޹ɵɢǻĸǵʯ֮ϣʯһɫ
Ѫʯڲ͸ԷǳԵĿɫڱ䵭ЩطѾ¶ʯˡ
Ҷһ˻ʽεضڿСתһͷʯķҶʻƮڽ֮Ǹ
ҶʿûнѣһĶԶʯͻȻʧˡ
ɫѪȫʧˣȫʯ˽ȥˡڵʯһӨĸоһΪ
ʯ˫ۣ˫гɫĵ⡣֮ضˡ
ȫ渴˻ʽɫĽ硣ܵƣƣ׵Ļǹ
ָо۷Ȼܼ̫ãһж㹻ˡо̫ˣû뵽ᵽˡʯſڣ˻ʽĽܵ˲ھҵĲ
ҶʺȻĹǹаŵġڣҶѾ²⵽ˡǳĺڰ֮񣬱ضӴģȻаĳĹԼŪ˲˹ˡ
ڵ壬ȻҶʵ棬Լ˽ȥʯ񳹵׵ĳΪһ塣
ڵʯһ˿ĽӲĸоḻһ޶ҪǣʯϢǱ֮ǰ廹ҪӵĿµġ
ͻȻҶеľ״ûзʲôԾʱѾǸоһ˻ʽ㱻Ʒˡ
ϡһ죬ŴҶʵĶСͬʱԶǵӰ黯ˡҶ֪϶ʯ񹥻˻ʽӣӲİ
˻ǿ˻ʽҲǿ㣬ڻ̫ˣ̫˰Ѿʯ˵󺰴ţҶʶһ
ͬʱʯڲϵӲ˻ʽ˻ʽ죬ҲҶ˻ʽ֮Ҳܡ˻ʽܵĳҶҲҪһЩȻ˻ʽѾǻ˴룬ҶܵĽನˡ
ǾҲڵҶܹܵġڵѪ͸ûƽһֱڷڵ״̬
ҪԼôҶðһƵ뷨ϸ룬ÿСҪʯһֱֹĹûԼĻ˻ʽܵˣԼܲ˵İ
үİбնһΪԡҲ趼ʶ㡣Ŷˣ綼ΪˡҶʷŭĴšڲһֱܵƵĳɲʲô顣
ЦʱҲһʱѵǿģҪñնһôô룬Щͽ׵ʿ㣬ҪҪҲһԡʯͲΪһ߻ӦҶʡһϵĶͣģӲ˻ʽעҪҶʸ˻ʽ֮ϡ
ҶʳĬˡ忴ôĺƭİƤԼеһȡô֪ԼԵͽ׵ʿҲȫԸء
ҶѾѪˣɫѪҺǣڽµ˻ʽ֮ϡҶˣ˸ôΪϲģҪĶ֣ǻôء
ŵǿߣôͲһֵءжż塣˻أôһԼ̯һµءҶʺ˼ţһǿܰԼһ¡
֪ҶֱӳȥǿߣץͿɱһͺˡûʱų̬ңҶʻսʤİա
ˣǿһȡſ³һѪѪǻһ㣬ڿԶ죬˳һصͼ
ǿٴһ㣬˻ʽϡҶʴ󺧣ҪԼô
ҶʵĵǶġǿһָ˽ϣʯ幥ʱһʲôûзҶ˴Ϣʱ䡣
˻ʽһƾ⣬עѪҺճͼ֮СѪƣı˽֮ɫƿʼ⣬û֮С
оŵɫĹâ֪Ӻδ˹ԽԽǿҡնʲôǿ߽һ㡣
µ˻ʽʼ˷ܵĲͺʧɢ˵һҶһ㶣Ҳһ˿ڴ
ѵصǿԼĺȻİԼ˼֡ңһһǾŸҶʾ÷ǳĸˡ
ԷֻһԼоŸôôĻ㡣ô㣬ô׬Ҷʷ·𿴵Լʤˡ


630 ŵ壡
䡱ŵɫĹǹͨˡ˲УΪ˾ŵ˹Ž񣬹ᴩ˺֮⡣
ֻһʼɹⲻ֪ͨʲôطʱռľҵĲ
ɹǿϢ˳ϢԽԽأпֲڻĽ١ûȫĳ֣ϢѾܲ˵ġ
صϢ˶Դʯ嶼˼ĺ˻ʽˡܵǿҵѹƣ΢΢Ĳ
ҶޱȵɻΪǹ֮УҶʸоޱϤϢԼһһоĪġ
ɫ䣬ʲôɽĻǰ˹ȥҪǹն飬ֹǹеǿ߽ٵġ
㹥ҶûйܡóȻֹҵ飬ǲ̫ˡǿһߣ˲ض˻ȥ·
ǿԼҪµʵĻƻ˲Ļޣ˵ҪԵ
֮ǰһҼ̣𵲵һȣӴ˶ԻĿơ
Цõõ̡ҾվҺΣǿһɷͲĿŵġ
Ҳ鼱֮˵İˣ̫ڵĽпǵľͲôĹˡʲô뷨뵽ʲôȻֱѿ˵ˡ
ҪϸһĻôĶʱ˵Ļˡк޵صǿҪҪģҲǺ˵һֳ
Ҫʱܹģ˵ôһ仰ĻǿܻöԷıע⡣
ȻֻһֿܡԱ˻ãǶǿȴδáΪһʼҶʻûʱǿ߾Ѿֹˣôܻء
鵽ĵزѾҪĽ͵ˡǿ֮սŸոͣãȻֿʼˡ
ΪնеǷݲƴżͻġ
ǿߵĿ꣬ҲʮֵȷģٻģȻҪ˳ĽٵģɲôĸŪ˵ġ
ǳ죬ҫ졣ġ
ǿߣɫ֮ϣչĲ˭û˿ı˫ǾȫˣҪ֣ǾԼҲڣԼ
ǿ߲סʱǾŵеĲԽԽˡ
ˡһĽŲǿ߿Խʱռˡ
ÿһεĽŲ˴ҵϣڵѪҺڣĽ࣬Ҳڲ֪ǽŲһˡ
Ǿһħһ㣬ܹӰ˵Ӱ˵巴Ӧ⻹ǽŲѾ˵ĿˣҪǳ˻ʲôĻص
ֹ֪ˣǿߴײһ£Ȼĵˡ
ѾûǿƴıҪˣҪĹ˵ĻֱӾͱһˣֱӾͱԷ˾Ͳˡ
ǽɫƣ˲һӰضСŵɫĹڽɫƵľŸϡպǰظΧС
⻺ɢȥ¶ľŸɫ塣ߴɣŵĽϼͿеӡ
ɫ彵ˣûôѹˡĲǻˣûһ˿ֻÿһڣڳ˯ʱܹľ˳ġ
ŵӰٵһ˲䣬˲Ͱûһ˿ڵϵǿߵʬڱܵĲ
顱һ˵ĶŲһ¡
顱ٴ˵жһ
ɫ԰ףҪѿһ㡣һƵĻ֮УһЩ
ʯе壬ҲȫĶԿΧɫڲϵɶץȡһƵĴķģΧΧĿռһ磬Ӱ졣
Ҫ˵ҵģҶʡ·Լһ㣬ÿһεڵѪҺٶȾͼӿࡣңҲǿࡣⲻǴʵڻ
ʱҶɵӣҲܹ֪ЩٻӰԼйˡ
֮ǰҶʻڱԹﶼѽ嶼Լ˵İôû˻أ˻ͲԼء
ԭûһ˻壬˻岻֪ԷʲôʱռƬΣܵٻ


631 յĻ߹
ͬϢܹԼԼԼѪҺģضյ˻ˡ
ҶʺݺݵһڶԼĿɽǵ˵İܹһڶ˵İ
ҶΨһľǣǸصǿ˭ˡȻܹٻյ˻彵٣Ҷʶ֪ġң˻ʽȻʮϵһƽٻ
Ҷûȥ˼Щ˵ġԼеһԽԽϡڵѪҺѾﵽ˼ޣײѪܣǿҲ֪ҶʵҪһЩһ˻ҪһЩ
һߴĽɫӰ˲ԽʱռƣҲûпʲôֱӴǱԵشҶʵߡ
ҶʸоѪˮ齻ڵĸоǸӵǿ˵ġҶɣǸҲԼ塣ͻȻһ㡣
ָоǷǳҶʶûа취׼ȷݳ
ɫӰٵСٵĵˣͬʱ߽ҶʣҶصһ𡣿һõӰҶʸС
˻Сã˵ҪʧˡʯһڲǷˣǰ˻建Ҷʵ֮УⱾʵ
һҶʻҶʣֻսˡҶʻԼһݶԴɵ˻ˡҶʵǺаġ
գߴ˻嶼ˣȫҶʵ֮СҶʵϢǿʢڵԪ棬о־ܹժ׽£һžܹء
õĽȴûӦʹİ취Ҳ˵Ҷʿһȴ֪ȥİġ
ҶѾ֪ˣƽ޹ʵľ͵õôǿˣȻǶݵġѾ㹻ˣܱʲôûеģվűʯһȭһȭĸҪǿİɡ
ɣʱҶһ֪ˡеʱ򣬶ô̰̰ĵزġ
Уò˵ҶһܻҰοˡ㣬ȴΪʧȥġ
뵽Ҷڵ˻ϢҶΪһˡҶʵУ˻ʵ֮˻Ϣ״̬
ʵ֮ƽͣϢһаϢĿǡҶеĻʵ֮طԵЩġ
ҶʵϢµİ˸ӰϢɢͬĻʵ֮Ϣ˴ӣΪһضС
ɫĴ£˵֮ϡⲢսᣬǽɫĴڻ͸
ҽ˷ɲǼӼİ˼Ĳгһӡ
ɫĶڲϵķӿǵµʬҪˡһжͽͣ汻ɫסˣƲġ
ۡϵ֬ʢĻһҲˮһǻʵ֮ɢꡣ
Թڲϵ˻˵ͷƤ飬ǵظĴŴһ㣬ԩۼڴ֮ŭ
ģȻǵظĶŪǼǿߵʬ֮ϡ
Ǵ˿̣ȷ˿ǡǸǻޱȵǿ󣬵ȴûӦķ򲨶Ȼ޷еġ
ҪϵĽӴϵĽǣܹṩһЩ˻ʵķϵĹˣȻܹ׵˵ǡ
ҽ˥кܶĵطѾ׵ƽˣҲûκεʲô˵ġ
ʯ񷢳һȻ˵ƻҼĻۣϧ
Ǿŵ˻Ľ٣Ϣ̫Ӵˣѹʯ崭ֻбķŲԼӴϢ͸ѹſˡ
ϢһֱҶеһںһų׵ĹڡǽҶһ֡Ѿܹж˵ʯôܹŭء
ͬĵΪԼ˽ô񶾵ֶΣǿ󶼲ðϢҶʲᣬڷ֪ǲϢԭҶʴʱ˵һ˿ɵϡ
ۡļ췢Ȼص׵жˡҶʵ嵱棬ٵһ˵Ļۡ
Ҷһ˻ʽ˳ȥǵͷϷڰ˻ʽɲǣʱԶȥˣ˫˸ŷŭ˻ʽûи춯


632 ʯ̫Ӳ
Ҷʱ׳˻ʽĿǺȷġ
ǾǸߴңҶʣѾҪ˻ʽĻˡǿߵĻ֮£ȻһսʵģܹͬԱġ
˻ʽǵͷΪ˱ǡҪܵսĲʯ岻Ҫ͵Ϯ
ʵҪġҶҪߴңҶʣҪˡҪˡܹѶָſ¡
һ㣬Ҷġ˵ҶôĴȻˣҶǴġǻܹҶʵ˼ġ
ҪҶʵĶ̬̫Բˡ˫ֺգžžġһ߻ָһƵĿʯ塣ѽ˼
𣡡ʯһҽһ壬涼΢΢Ķһ¡ͬһʱ䣬ʯʧˣĳҶʡ
žһ죬ƤཻҶסһֻâȭͷȭͷâ²ҶϵĽ໥ľ
湻İʯȭͷҶʣðһͷʵǶԷȭͷ̫ڵıˡûһ˿¶ȣҲˡˣʯ֮УҪܸоǾˡ
ôЩͰֻ֪۸Ϊ϶԰ɡһսʵġôˣͻȻɵ˰Ҷ΢飬ǽģ֮ǰһ嶼Ҫˡ
ռ˱ˣȻҪˡҪǲûԷһµģǾͲҶˡǰǱʯ۸òٵģռռͷϵı˵
ߣʯһ޴ӷԸҶʣҪ㲻ܹʵϺſҶʣʲôǰ״
ʯҶʵƣٴʧˡһҶʵ࣬ǱһľͳҶʵ
һʮֵĺնߵ챬ѿˡҪһ±ʵˣ֪᲻۵ġ
Ҷǳ۾һ㣬˵ʯٶڶҶ˵ͲʲôҶܹϵġ
һתתͬʱɫȭ߾٣Żصûĳȵϥ֮ϡһսһǵľһ
ʯϥһȭʯȵŵأҶʵĴĵ˳ȥϱʯȶһĹ֡
ҶȻûеˣҲܣһȭʯͬʱҶһ൱ڴԼһȭġ
Ҷ˦ƣȭͷһƬࡣڽɫԪӳ֮£ֳһƬ֮ɫ
ҶĺҪԷ˵ģǿˣһʯʵףⲻӲ˼ֵô
ûյʲô˺һ£ĵıܵķӳˡıƴҪôǿԷԷԲ˻Ǵ˵ġҪôǶԷǿôֻɶԷԲˡһ֣˫ࡣҵҲյ˭κβ˭˭ܡ
ҶʯɾҪиַ緶öˡûѩѩʹģûһ˿ı仯ġҶʲ֪ǶԷסˣǶԷΪʯͷг̶ȶ˵ġ
ʯǱԼеȣҲʱ̫˰ɡŹƣһֱûз
ҶʾͶſʲôûȻлĬĬļʱģһϢϢϢʮϢһֱʮϢʱ䣬Ҷʻ˵Ĵŷ
Ҷɻ󣬲֪ԷҪʲôѵԼʾôڸԼˣһоûеô뷨ҶʵҶʾԼ˺ˡ
Ҷʺ˼ʱ򣬷ȵʯʧˡͬһʱ䣬Ҷʸо˲оϮ
Ҷ΢΢ĻһС˹ķΧʱҶҲʯĶһǿԼֵ
Ҷ͵ұۺ˦ڲһȭһȭҶʴʯ֮ϡ
Ҷ֪ϵг̶ȣϥǵġңһǹǿġʯΪһֱֵ۲ûȫҲ㹻˵ġ
Ҷһȭʯú˳ȥͬʱԼȭͷٳһƬֻ࣬˵ҶѡĶǹĺõطİ
Ҷһ߻ƣһ߹۲ʯ塣ʯٴαֵȥʱĹƣһġ
Ҷǿһ㶫ˡԷⲻǹİƣҲûйҪҪŭԼΪԷʯԶţؽھͲġ
Ȼ˵ǷʲôĶһ̨סȴ½ܶġ
Ҷ£˲̫ǿʯʵĹؽڳ˲ĽӲ˵İɡų˵ɳȥ֮󣬻ƵĻˡ


633 ʤ
Ҷˣ˲Ͳֱ۵ʹˡЩʹʯ嶪øİɡ
ɵ˰ɣԭôöԸΪʲôѿеӲͷҶʹЦȭͷʯ˹ȥ
ʯұ۱ҶʹʱǶ˵ģ˫ȵжȴµġҶ߹ˣʯҲͲԭؼʲôˡ
̧ڰеʯҶʳ˹ˡôһĹѾǹȥ˼ϢʱˣӸϢʱ䣬ǿԹˡ
֪ҶѾӦʯٶȵˡʯոճûʱ
Ҷʵ˫˲һ⣬˫ͬһԵСֳצһաֳɵصĿ֮С
ǰһ̣Ҷ֪ʲô顣һ̣һжĸ˳ʯ屻ҶʴиץסˣȻ˳
Ҷֵֵڲնǻ΢΢ŵʯұֻۡҪܻ˵ֱٴεĽֱʮϢʱ䡣צһץסʯ֮ϡ
ʯ屻Ҷץס΢㵵˲䣬ҶһʯϥǣʯһֱҲʱûа취ƶ
һĶ˲ɵġҶʳְʯиץ˿ʼһֱҶ߶ԷһţûƬ̵ͣٵġ˵Ҷȫ׽ʯķһĶͬһʱġ
ҪûץסĻǾͻᱻʯһٵˡǶҶ˵ûҪ˵ġ
תǱҶסһֻ־ͱҶʸԼļͷ֮ϡʱҶҲǽʯϡ
ƨصĶʯλãͬʱȫҶʰʯһαĹˤ
䡱һ죬ӲĶʯҵķѵġ̳죬ӿֲǿֲתɵˣ˲ضеԪˡ
ĻϢ˼ưסǿҲԪԼ˻ʽǧĽǶ档
ֲľΨһһĺڰ߸ߵƷòײڿȶסԼ塣
Ҫɱ㣡ʯ屻ˤ߻صģԴЩκˡǸǷŭڴҵĹע֮£ȻҶʸˤˡ
ȻҶѾ֮ǰҶˣϢ˼룬ζǡʯֻǸо˳衣
ר˵ϻû˵ҾͲ֪ҪɱңҪİʲôģҶо˵ĻõĶࡣȻģҲŹġҶʲᣬԵ٩
ڵ٩ԷͬʱҶʲûֹͣԼĶǸոտʼҶʻûзйġĿֲúõķйй̫˷ˣºǻڵġ
ǱҶץŵһֻʯʼûֵģֹȥ˼ϢʱˣҶԼ˵ʱͻȻܶǾ鷳ˡ
£Ҷ˺һץеʯŤһ¡ȻתͲʣµһֱֻ۵󴦡編ƵȵϥصĲһ£΢΢һ
ҿľģЩûаѶԷʹ̫̫ѪˡܴҶ֪ȷ뷨ǻ̲סзĸ̾ҪǻһͨʿҶôȥܶùˣȫˡ
ҪҶ֪Щ˵뷨Ļһ˵վ˵ۡ˵ɣԣʲôõİ취
ĺôǷĹͨҪ㲻˵ĻǶԷҲǲ֪ġҶҲֵУûڶԱ룬ҶʾûǷǳĲ˵ġ
ʯѾɵ˵ϵˣҲû˰취ȥһιˤˣȻҶʺҪΡ
Ȼûа취ˤˣİʯ壬Ҷʻа취ġ
΢΢תұ۷
䡱һ죬ʯٴαҶʸˤ˵ϡһκڰѧˣ˵ϣǵĺԶԶġ˻ʽм赲ڰҲһʹࡣ
ҶٴεʯϵĹؽڴصĻһΣʼʯֻܹŵģʼûа취ġ
һʱУ֮ϺϣÿһζܹõķѵġǿֲľûֹͣģʼصĿռŰ
ȻˣʯĥҲûֹͣġҶûˤһΣضĻʯĹؽĲһµġ
Ҷʳһʿʯ壬пٵߣ˫еÿһء
еʯǲͣĴŵ棬˰ѵ֮⣬ҲõԽԽʵҶʰһߵʱʯ嶼Ҫȥˡ


634 
ҶʱϾǵһƽĹϿ϶ЩѵġԵشԸߣԽԽͰ
ǾôĻ֮У붼½һɵĸ߶ȵˡʯһǣЩˡɼͦûķѵġ
Ҫǻһǻ֪ٸŹҶʰеظƽİɡ
ҶǿľˣʱСԭޱȼӲĶʱ¸ӵļӲ˵İɣܲ൱ڵͽ׵ء
ǲʩӷӡһЩǿߵʬ¶˵İɡҪҲҪȰͷǲӲڿİ
ҶˣЩˣֱǵŰɱһ˼û˵ġٴεʯϸĲ˼¡ʯ嶼ǶĿҶʣӶתһµˡ
ĶˣľľˣʲôͿĵˡʲôҶˤôʱˤûˡҪǷʯĻҲǻ˲Ҷʷġ
ֱ³Ͼɺ޵İŪŪжԷ˵ȥ˵İ
ҶҲûҪŹԷ˼ʯ壬ͳǡ׼ȷ˵Ӧͷϵ˻ʽ
ҶҪʯȥ˻ʽһնǾʯĥܹܲ
쵰ʯͬʱһȣףǶˣҶʵĴ㡣ܹҶôá
ʯҪκҶʵ̫ˣûиʯƬ̵жʱġȻڵԪڿٵĳ˳ˢҶʵֱۡ
Ҷ屾ܵĳԪʯ໥ĽûиҶκεвġ
һͷҶʳ˹ˡҶľٶˡ
ߣǿһֱոжǿҲˡ
ѿǿһ˽ȥٴѿʱ򣬾ͳ˻Ҷʵм䡣סȥơ
ʱﻹ˼ôĶ࣬ȫıˣͲƺĻϢɣѩͬıɵɫʡǻڲƺıҪһʱָܹԪ˵ġ
ǿͬǱˡǰǺ貣ſ³һھѪϣǺӶմȾһѪ֮ɫһֵɱա
ǿһ΢ɿݵָǰһ㡣һָǰһǳ֮ϡ
ǳ˳ȥײһǳ֮ϡһ𣬼ǰٶȲ
գۼͳһǳһǻ˳ȥ
䡭
о첻ϣǳϢͬʱ˲˺աһ㣬ޱȵĺˡ
ֲײ˻ʽϵĹâҲǸӵǿˣסһգҶҲܵ
⻪ɢȥǿߵָأָѪ˳ָ˵֮ϡ
ŵĻǻϢҲǸӵİˡϣͷɢģڱͬɫѪ̫ˣܵĳͬǲСġûֵܵನǿǣǱԼҲǱǿ˵ˡ
ĿƣҶֱ˹ʱҶʯڽ֮صײĵһ£Ѿһ˿˿ڣѪ˳Ž»һҶʴıײ˳ȥ
ոǻմȾļѪ˲䱬۷ҪҶһĽѵġ
ոʹѪ˻ʽͬǴ۷״̬Щ˲ӲҶʸˡ
Ҳͣʯˡת˲ͳǰ
ٿ˿ʯǿֲ˿ڡ˫𣬷ߺ޵ĶҶʡ
ҶҲʮϵģǳƵĶһܹô̬
ʯָ˹ץŻصǿ߳˹ȥ
Ҷʴ󺧣û뵽Էôһ׼ȷ˵ӦҶûаصǿߵԼˡ
ԼˣҶʿÿһǽȥġΪûаǿߵԼˣöԷлɳ˵ġ
Ҷʻعʱ򣬶ԷѾǳ嵽ǿߵǰˣҶҪ֧ԮѾˡʱֻܹϣǿ߹ǿܹ㿪һε͵Ϯ
ǿߺ̫ˣھѪǿ˵Ҳ̫һ
ֳֻʯ壬ǿֻǿһƶһ㣬ǻûжˡ
ǿһȣþһƴʯ֮ϡʯ˳ȥȴûˡ
ʯеڶιʱ䣬ҶѾǳˣһѰѾµǿ߱˻ˡ


635 Ҷս
Ҷ˫ִǿߵһɲǣĶҵĲһ¡ϢϢʵ̫Ϥˡ
ҶʻĽ˵ϣһֻ֣ǿߵͷǹڿĳϵñӣǿһŲϵ
һ壬һʱΪĹޣܵˣǹѪѾ˲ϡ
ʱųϵɫ¶˴΢ЦԻǵ˫ۣҲǱЦݡҪؿһǰ͸ĵˣҪΪʧ𽥱壬ֻһĴˡ
ǣڳôʹ࣬λˣҶʻЦЦܹڻһУϺĶյů
ż˵ܹκģܹκġҶʲ֣˵֮ҪעԪָͲʹ˼ζûаԷ
Ҷʵ˼Σǰ˵˿֮ϡŨĽ˵˿гȥĵһֱ˵˿ŰҲΪЩĵ˵Ųϵʧġ
ȻҶ˳ȥǲûֹס˵ʧҶʻˣһĨһĿӳˣӽɫĻѪ˵ʶȥ
ûõĺӣһѾնҵˣˣҲǾȲ˵ġ˲ΡΡ̧֣ץסҶʵԪҶʵ˿ڡ
ģģһܹȻġţһкܶҩܶܶࡣһܹסȻнİ취ġҶԵޱȵĻţʮֵĲƽҩأҩءʣңҡ
Ҷתǻ˻ʽ֮µʴ״˶ɣ˵
㡣Ҫ˵ЩʲôǿҶʵӣҲ֪Ҷڿ϶ȥ˵ģҲûж˵ֱӰԼʣ޼ȫ˳
ҶҲģһʶûصҩͱҶʸ˹ҶһҩڿбѿˣڲϵŨձҶŪָ׸ǴСһΡ
ССһҩȫҩľʡɢŨҩ㣬˺ܶ˵Ŀ⡣ʯ嶼̲סһ¿ˮ
û˸˿춯ڵҶԵǴڷ״̬˻ʽҲ˶ɵģǻʱġǵǿ߲£µսǿʧȥǵǿߡ
һǼŭǿߣǾǻ᲻ݵģ֪ᷢʲô顣
ԾܺǿǷǳǵѡ˷ѡ˾䡣ڣǸо̯ˣ̯ϴˡ
ʿһҩһصϢĲʵĶڵѪʡԼõģ˺þòʡİôûˣԷʵ̫ݳһ㡣
Ҷʿɲݳ޲ݳ޵ģٶϡҩҶҲ˿ĳɵġ
һҩĴ˵ǰ˿ڴ͸˽ȥߵϢǺһЩģҲǺ˲٣ӻʧǲûߵ
ӣܳŵ죬Ѿ漣ˡһֱڵҵ˵ҸһСǻعⷵһ㣬Щ˵ͬʱһָҶʵü֮ϡ
ҶʱĿ˳˼Ƭ֮ߵֱĻȥˣҲٴȥˡ
˳˼еҶʣȻ˵ǲѹ屾ܵİߵ屧סˡѪҶʵ۽ǻ䣬ôۡ
ͷ˭ôҶôܣҸôãǵһοôĴצļޱɻķʡ
֪ҲûмǺҪˡĿʵצӣʮָɴĻش𵽡
ϻҪܹ˵һѹô˵裬˵裬ѵ˲뵽ʲôɫ䡣
뵽ʣ̲סĴһܻᱻֵ췭ظˣǺĴս
Ҷʻ۾˫лнɫѪûϵѪһֱûиɺԹģҶʿЩɲǳ˵ظĶһ㡣
еѾǱˣɵҶʵı֮УҪҶ§סѾ˵ȥˡ
ȻҶ˹ȥ˹ŽһЩ¡ǣҶʡҵĸףԶҵĸסɱ֮𣬲죬һ㱨ս˫Ѫ᲻ϵ£ޱȵޡ
ûеķ񣬸ûϣѪҶʺƽƽЩ£˶Ĵһ


636 ǿҶʣ
ҶķҶսʬ壬ޱȵᣬ¾˯һ㡣
ĸҶս·Ҷս·ϵÿһ嶼ƽƽġؿ˿ѾҶԪ˵ģ·ϵĳпڣȴԪܹ޲ġ
ҶŵһۣĸҶսϡһԼٳҶݱ¶ʱ򣬾ͱԼˣҲû·滹ӵ
ҶϢѿҶսʬ屻Ҷ˽ȥȥҶսȥĵطҶȫˣŴҵһСȻǲ͵ϮġǱסˣ͵Ϯ
Ҷʻһȣ𶯾ʮء
ҶʵһıĽɫͻȻ֣ķ顣
ҶΪģԪҵΧҶתмҶʵĶе˻Ϣؼתһɫ磬˺ΧһС
ɫӳУҶʵ˫ȾѪɫһβᣬɺɱҶʵԴţҶʵϢˣʺ͵Ļ֮мɱϢ
ΪҶʵϢ仯ǽɫҲ˽֮ɫʵͷ˻ʽ˿Ҳǽâɽ֮ɫȻǱԵĿ꣬ܵӻʵҲǸо嶼Ҫѿһ
ȥҶٴδһһ׳Ľɫ
ϢֲȻܹնˡΪҶʵķŭġҶڵĿ֮ǾͿ֪ˡ
ǱϾ磬ҶմĹȻܹͨ׵ǿߣǻ޷˺
δʯȶһлã类롣
粢ûֱʧ֮󣬻Ѫ
رԼ־Ǹͷ׸Щʲô֪ЩʲôԭҶŪĶΪʯ壬ɫ䣬ʧġ
֪ģҶ֪ˡǲ֪ģҸ֪ģҲ֪ˡҶʻشʮֵģȴʵڵĸ˶Էǲϣ֪ģҶѾ֪ˡ
ǾսɣʯͬʱһΨɱҶʡȻΪҶʶԼ֪̫٣ܹһûˣҪĳҶʲС
ʯ巢⣬黯Ȼ󻺻ڡľһĶʯУڵܹܵġ˻ʣֻ˼壬˼ÿһͬģҲǲͬġ
ˣʯֻ˾ŷ֮һĲҶʵȥˣʣµĲֻҶʵİһ𡣿һһ
ȻڵӿʮֵĻȴǾԵǿʢģҶĿǰ״̬൱
֮ǰȻǿ󣬵ʯ֮УǿûˣܷӳޡڲһעУȫͬնġ
ʲô춯صĹէһ֮ѾסˡΪ˱һܴҶ˰Ҫ˵ҪĵҶʣһЩŵġʺĹЦʱʮֵĳġ
ߣϻࡣһһסȻѿһ㣬ڵʵȷʵĺǿġ
ܵʵƣҲס־ʵķһµġ
âѩɲǾ͵ˡ
ҶҲһߣһɫ˻ʽ𣬽˵â
ϡһײ˻֮ϡ⻹ֲףʱյĽ
֪Ҷʵ״̬̫ڵĿֲǽɫ˻ʽ̫ǿǰɳȥ˵ġ
Ҷ˻ʽңң˳ȥ˻ʽ˲䱬ĽɫĽâɱ˹ȥ
˻ʽʱҶȴûǰսҶʻҪȽһȻĵġ
ȴ޷ڶʱ˻ʽġ
Ҷ֣ңңĶѾԶĺڰ
ˡնһ£ҶƱһɲɿܵʱռҶʵָ佻֯ת
ԶĺڰǰûҶǰҫģȴû˿ĵҶʡ
ںڰҪײҶʵʱҶʶˣڰָſס˺ڰĲӣİ˵档
顱ķѵģڰֻоȫĹͷɢˣԪҡ
ⲢᣬҶʸ߾ٵ֣һڵĴꪡ֮ǰӣеõѿꪡ
ѿͨڣ˸ڹ⣬Ǵ̽еģС


637 ǰս
ҶҪھսǰľֱҪҪϵĻ쵰ҶǺѷġ
Ȳ˵Լ뿪ˣɶǻǣסԼʱ򣬸һЩܼģǾǼ
ң֪ûһŪһЩơԼذѷֵʱһﱻԼɱʽĹô죬Ȼڰ˲ڵԼ
ǿ϶Ҫ΢ķģ˸ɵԼĿˡ
ϵԭҶʾҪʺȸסҪĵҵıĴ
İѿꪣҶʸһ֮ɫǱǰÿ˲٣ҲǰӵעˡҶʵȻΪ˺ÿģעԪΪ˸õĿסڰ
ϡѿڰһܵĽӴҫ۵Ļǡ
ѿ̫ǿˣǺڰѾˣǻǱѿ̴ꪸˣݺݵĶ˵ϡڰ̫ǿˣǱѿ̴ꪴҲΪҶʵԭ򣬻ѿꪵǿƻ
Ƕ˺ڰѿҲǰˡѾˣǱҶǿӲĸ̽ȥġ
Ҳעڴ֮ϵԪҲ˳Ŵע뵽˺ڰУס˾סԪ˫գѺڰӡ
ʱһ˻ʽҶʳһѰ˻ʽץС循΢΢ڶҶ˵Ųޡ
Ҷĸ˻ʽˡὣңңĶ
ĳ˻ҲʵڴҶʾĶŶԺҶսǰӡԼһЩ顣ͬʱҲǽ⿪ҶԺеһЩӡ
ȫѣǰҶսȻҲ˿ӡҶʵѪеܵİ취ǸҶһЩԼ飬Ǵ˻ʵѪķӡ
ὣһսĳΡЩʱ˻ʽҵˣЩʱҵˡȻ˻ʱҲǳеġȻһŴεת
ǰһұǰҪɱˣÿһζˣÿһζܶȥҲǾĿڣҶͬ뷨
һûҵĻˡΪһжǰˡ죬ҾҪնڽ¡Ҷת䣬ޱȵķŭ
뷨ˡ㣬Ȼȥҵ¡ҲҶͬ뷨ҪھɱԷġ
Ҷὣĳ˶Էеĳľ
նʱˣʱҲڼӿһ㣬עʱһͷ
ͷڹģâдܹѹյġܿʧ޷ѩףܲסռĲ˿С
ʱռ䡣һѧ˲ٵİ֮±նһͷ⡣ǣԷȻʱռ˵͸ʵǳԤϵġ
ԾͬʱеĻһ˼֮˲ʱסΧĿռ䡣
ҶʼӴֻûĹâӵǿ˰ˣûʲôʵԵЧ֡
ҶҲ⣬ûг׵͸ôóܹһЩǣƵѾǷǳĲ˵ġ
ʱǰҶʣѾǽӽ˵ġٴεаһ£վҵĲҶô޷ҪǻҵڵסԼһϢˣû뵽ôܹ˵ȫġ
Ҷʲʲôһ˵ǿĽ˵һķֻʹãģûоĽС
ⶼνģ˻ʣҲȫûʲôĽǽ޵еܹʤһоĽǵ͵һʮᡣ
һʼתŵģģ־ʼն˻ʽ֮ϵġҶ˻ʽ˵ʹá˻ʽԲ˹ȥ
һɫǺӴ磬嶷ţص
ǵĽһôãֱõûˡҶֱֱһûк£һ䡣
һѩ׵Ĺâ죬ɭɭһе٣¶ϵӭ貵ĽɫǺӡ
䡱Ǻ飬ٲҲ÷飬ײ£ȫڿеˡ
֪ǲģ߶ûнıײȻĻ;ԲĲ²ˡ


638 ʲô
ϲһЩýڣʾԼĪԽСҶҲǶ࣬ûռˣͷҲԷġ
Ҷһʮֵģֻǰӵ˼¡õһȴôģϵĶصİε
˵ְεҶ֪ķʱõʯĵʡ׼ʹԪҪһ˲ѵеγȻҪٶȲУٶܵԽ˵β
֪ôġҪ嶼װγĳǻйѵİ
ǣ˲䱬ȴǾ˵ġһ˲ȫӿһԶԶƽʱ
ҪҶʼˣ˽⣬ǻǻԿġ
Ҷʲſ൱ڶϵĽˣԼὣͻʲôĵˣ
Ҫ֪ҶʵĻһᷴô֪ҲᵶһĸĵǲٵġҶӣļиƨáӲô㶼Ҫſˡ
ȻǱˣʱҶʲûкˣûб任һµġͬ˻ʽ߾٣ͿһҪڽµģ
ЩˣԷõĽԼõĵԷȴһõİ̬ԼȴһóӦ̬
ҶĬĬת߻طһЯ֮ǰһԸӸ͸ӿٵ˹ȥ
ضȥΨɫһһ֮һ㡣
֮ǰһѩһôۡһ
䡱ײ̫󣬻˵ҶʵĹ̫ǿ˻ʽ˻֮ϣӲѹײ˵ϡ
ؽȫĹѣܲļӲʯڶ𣬵ȻǱ֮µȥǿߡ
ˡನȫıâ뽣ŰǳĶееʬ壬ȫһ˲䱻÷顣ʬһĵ˵֮ϡ
Ҷʽ飬жĻۣĽѪ
ͬѣͷŵĴñӶҪڲסˣ¶Щ沿
Ҷýһֱ׳ʲô˾һֱڹ۲졣¶Щ沿Ҷһ񣬾Щԡ
ҶʱһеĻ˻ʽڻ֮ϵҶʸ˳ȥ
ҶƯһתȵ˵֮ϡؽȫˣֻҶ֮£ķ֮ء
ôģǳ̫ˣԱˡ˵һֵǣĿʾˣҶޱȵĶ񶾡ԷʶͷñӣҪס沿ֱӾͿ
ߣ˵ãֵ¼¡һߣҶϹľ
Ҷʵע֮£ʯ֮ںһ˿Ȼ΢СɲһֱҶʻǿˡҶʵüͷˡ
תΣӡʯ֮Уںһ֣Ƕһ˿ҶʺˣĬĬĿʣµİ˵ɫ壬Ҷڵ壬ʵںϲ˵ġ
ΪѹԵƣǿԵں˲֡ϾͳˡȫѪɫѪ͸·ճϡ
ȻģǱϢ˲ֵġ
ҶʣҿôභڵĴϢ˼ΣβεҶиӵɻˡ
ϤҶʾȻӶԷиоһ˿Ϥ
Ӻ֪ԼЦԣֹסˣҶʳ˹
ѧһʯһ㶼ӰжģŻҶʿͬ߾٣Ҫ֮ʩ
ͬʽͬͬʩչкܴĲġһӵһЩ
Χо޴Ӱжϱ۵ͷĶħʶ˻Ѫ죬һƬɱ
Ҷʶܵ˺ܴĳ˻ҶʵԺУĥҶʵʶձնɱľǿߣȻˣвʣԩ
𣡡ҶſԶһһʲôĻӰ
ҶǰʲôħӰֻʣһյĵâ
һȣһݣ˻ʽĿصնһâ֮ϡ
ȥ˾ŲҶʻȥʮ
ʲôôеĲһһֳҶеӰǳԾ


639 Ȼ
ҶҲͬ벻ֻ˵ÿתһΣԶҪʵһЩһֱǴ˻еģСҲ˵˻ԼҲ֪ΪеԶ񣬻Լʶ
ƨ£ֹȻϸ΢ҶʻˡȲ˵֪֪ˣҲǲ߶Էġ
ҶʵļУǰԶû춯ԼϵʱȴǳСԼΣյʱҶҲûзԶʲôʶĲ
ҶʵĺǴġ˹ȥϸһӰ飬ֻǽ䱸ˡ
ҶĳԶչΪʵǿھһƬʵСһ㡣ڲһжɢŲ
ҲһЦŵһӣһƬµһƬɫĴأѪɫġʬѻɽжϱ۵ħڷ裬ͷʹҴܡ˻ϡ
ʲôҶֻһۣ͸оЩһ֣¾˶ٵ鰡
ƨ£仰ԭⲻĻҶʣʮֵġ
תŴΣ˰˴ѺĳɹͬûһһɱһʱҪʵһЩͬһȫʵõġ
ȥ˸Ҷһ𣬼˹ȥˡҶԭⲻĽԼĻҶʾúǷСټҶʾúǷеˣҶʲˡ
Ҷʽ貣Ǿȫʱڷֲʤ
ûһиָǿԩϣҶʷҶһԶԣֻҪһܹ׵Ļ⡣ҶֻҪԿˡ
ߵĶϱ۵Ҷʿ񱼶ϳĶħҲͬǴһѪ⡣
Ҷгһͷͷ͵ޣа׻꣬ȸͷ衣ɲݸǳѿ˸ŽɱЩӽҶʵԩ
ץסյһ϶ҶĴ̳һĸҶʻĽ˻ʽ˺ʱ
žʹ׺ݵһҶʳֽļͷ֮ϣҶ˲ֱղס˻ʽˡ
ҶϬһ㣬߳һײһĺˡ
ں˵ͬʱҶͻȻŵ֣ʱռͷñӾͱҶÿռȡ˹ˡ
΢΢Ҳ΢΢£һסһʹɫԪȫתðɫϼ˿ڴȳһƽɫĽ˺ʧǰ
ҶͬǲܣģʮֵĿġʳָñӣ΢΢ĻζԪˢҼϵƣһƵĻϢ˿ڿٵĸԭ
˿ǻָˣֱ壬̧ͷһߺ޵ĶҶʡҶϵĶʱһ£Դͷ΢⻬˿
̧ͷʱҶʸסˡֹͣ˻ζеñӰһµ˵ϡԾҶʸǳԾ²ܾã²ܶΣԷһǣôڵġҶôҲ²Ȼ˵ġ
ˣҶǺϤģҲ˵ǲ̫ڵϤġ
ϤӦΪͬڶѧԺΡϤΪҶʷֳ֪˵֮⣬ʲô֪ˡ
㣡֪ŪˡҶһ£ȻӵķŭˡȻһֱԼƤӵµˣɱԼˡ
ͬĻһ˵ûж֣Ϊ֪㡣Ϊ񲻹ʲôطΧǿ߳ûҸûᶯ֡Ҳˣ̵侲
ûж֣һԭǾΪҶʺʲô֪˵ô۲ĶָӵȤء
Ҷ룬ֻ뿪ѧԺħɽʱûǿߣҲ͵͵ȥģֻԺ֪Ҫֿ綯˰ɡ
ȻȻȻϸ£ҲˡͬѧԺסһʱģЩ˻иŵӳˡ
ʵָЩãⶼʲôʲôͷһֱǱԼΧҶʾȻһֱûзֵġʾ̫ˣ̫ڵķˡ
ûñ֮µģһųܹǰûûʲôдʮ˱䣬ӻûбġ


640 žžž
ǿӣһ㶼ԾӦΪǸûȻġȻʲôӣǶܹƽĶԴ
ҶԵľͲܹƽ˵ģЩ񣬼ֱץˡҪȻڵϲԣҶʺҪһץãץӣսѧԺԺͷǲѡ
ȻȻǲڵϲģû˵ʱ򻹳⡣ɵˣҲҶʺҵץİ
Ҷʵķӳ˵ĴȻǿѯˡѯҶûа취ʾǿԵġ
Ҳʲô̫ܣҲûʲô˵鷢˵ˣҶҲûȻϳԹʲôȻǲҪʲôҴŵˡ
ʱʱĴһЩҶʴġԻ͡Ҳˣһʱ֮侹ȻЩĬ֪˵Щʲôõˡ
վڶһҶĺҪȥϺݺݵĳôƵġ
ҶǸжɣ뵽ʲôͻ̵ȥⲻΪع⣬ʱֹͣ˵սּĿʼˡ
ҶһԾ߸ߵе˻ʽĽһͨһһ˽ʼնһҶʵٶ̫ˣӰû
һǾģǲһѽˣһ˴εĻӻһϢķһĴɽѹһ㡣
ҲһݣҶһɵѹġòȫԸãӲҶʵһסӦΪסҶʸ
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䡱ͬǲ£Ҷʸ߸ߵĵ˳ȥ
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Ҷʳ˦˦֣һƵı顣
Ƥйİ˵˵һơҪǲģΪӴƤˤһ¡Ҷ΢΢һ֣ȷʵЩľ
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ɱȻŴҶʣҲŵùˡͱҶʵĸףʰһضȥ˵İôܸɫôܻ᲻侮ʯء
ŭˣŻľͳҶʡֻҶʵϸ¼йͷ֮ޡ
Ϊ࣬Ӧ˭ûа취κ˭ġ״̬ʽòģܷӳսɱԷġ
ȻҲ˻ҶʱӻЩôõġԵҪһЩûҶԴ
ϸ˵һ˻ʸ˻ʣǽһһġ
ϣĽ絶âɣһδεײһδε֮ɫԪɫԪϵľֻʣɫʡɫ޵ɫɽ绥ĶԿ
ղϵı飬Ȼֿٵϣ˷ȥһֱûֹͣġ
˻ʶչֳ˿µսûֵܹġǷſ˺ڰܻûнӽѾŵâΧ˵ġ
ⶼص㣬صǽսУȻˣǲʱĶ˳
ⱾһĴԾܹǿߵ򡣵ҹۿˣȴĴԾȤˡ
ǲʱĶκεҪǣǵġһȺļǶȳȥһ
ʮ߸ʮ˸ʮʮһûһΣʾͱһΡ֪ǲҶʵıڵĶĸӵƵˡ
䡱һײ춼Ҫˡձ˺ѿˣӦϢҶȻҲķֿˡ
һһϵһ㣬ԪŨûҪһ̽аһϧֻŶžžžǲЧôޱȵżоèһ
ֻҰϵĴϢҲһǷǳƵ顣


641 ҵˣ
˾ôţҲôĽšҶȻôˣǲ֪Ƕûܹ϶ġǹĵǣ˭ɾ˭ٶ⣬˭ֳ˶ٵĺȭ
Ҷ㷳һӰ˵ɵװ˶¡ŭˣû뵽ҶôĻʱ䣬ôܵθڡ
Ͳ֪˵ίһЩôҳ˶Է£ҾͺøˡҶЩԹ֪ϲȥģ⻹ҪʳϦദҰʮü¡
ҶǺƣʱʱԪˢϵͣЧԡȻȻоӲãǹڣʱעһЩԪ͵ղôĺ˵ġ
ҪȻ֪ҶôԼһٴγȥƴģʲôԼڡȻûôĸڵģҶôãȻѧġųҶʼ£ҶʾôĲˡ
ҶһֱȻһλľ룬ܹײҶÿռʱҲܹյĳȻһµġȻˣƴ˾룬ҶʽĲסҶʣҶû˾ϵƣҲܹʱʱĳҶһµġ
ңôͷ˰ɡҸ㣬ȻҲǺǵġҶʱűԼȵĴȻЦʮֵʹ졣
ҶɢȥסĽ⣬¶˱ĿҶʵȻ׼̲סһ
ȻǹݵİרֻյġҶʵǷǳġҪȻһµĻһϲľ޷壬һǵͰƽԭ͵İϺɫģ۾ѾסˣС
ҶʵĲҶԼ˵Լһ
ЦƨʮµģЦһʮµġҶȻģЩңǻû˵ӡԴһӳ٣ԼҵȻȻҳЦԼҶŭˡ
Ҷô˵ȻԵǱҭסˣһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôұңһоûУҲ̫һɡ
ȻҲǸȻܳԼԷĶһЩ̫ˡȻܱܵķһ¡
˵䣬ȻҲҶһȥ˻ԪԼ嶼¶˳Ȼûоʹģ˲̫ء
ףôôģɢȥԪȻһЩ̫ԡ֮ǰŨԪҶʣȻģֻΪԪڵԭûйȥϸ롣ûʲôڵˣȻǿ
˻ֳһĵ
ҪǻܹиоˡҶʿ֮˲䱬ĿЦ
֮ǰȻԷĳɷ־Ӷ࣬ǽɱޱȵգҪרעսģûйȥ۲Էòˣ֮Ҷˡ
˵ҶʵһɽһߵƽԭôȻƬɽ壬мֻһ֣ǱӶмֿա
ǽɫģ߸ߵԭӡ۾ѹֻʣһ϶Ҫǿˡ
ʮֵĬֻĵطһŲġҲ˵ͷˣȴŻ뵱геġ
Ƕóһ۵㣬ְ治ԼĴ򰡡ͬʱвòϣ˵ƤҪǻһȥ׳ôֱӱ˵İ
ҶʵĻȻϽһԼԼˣ۾֪Ӧöٵ쵽ʲôλúС
ڲһˣо߸̧֣ˣǰĶаһ˲֪ôµˡһֵĴУٴԪԼˡ
ˣڸƨҾͲˣһүǣôô¼˵ء֮ǰúۣԪѵǲѵүǣԱߣҶƽڿţޱȵʹ졣
΢΢ǣǣϵʹ࣬ǲȻĳ鴤ˡ
ȻҲǣҲǵġ
ҵˣҵˡǰĻصıԵջѿ
ҶʱҪڿ䣬ʱɫ䡣ҲзϲãҶʵڿҲʱˡ
еĿģҪ˵İ


642 ʣ
Ҷ֮ǰ֣ôսһʼ׷߾ͲˡΪʲôطǱΧģҶʶĵġ
ȫӳҶʵĸ֪ʲôط߿ֲĽġ
ǵҶһ˻ں֮ⵣľͱҶʷˡһȻڳûһܹġ
ˣϵġҶܾʲôġ£ǲصܡ
ΪҶһֵĴм֮Уصļʮ̵ֵġÿһ˻ʶطȻһʩչѹʲôʱ䲻̫㣬ҶûȫͲ֪ʲôˡ
ֱڣȻûģһֱرע⡣ҶʲȥҼ䣬֪϶ǺҪĶˡ
ԭȻһֱԼԼȥҶҶȻֲȻ̫ƻԼġ
˵ĺķȻķҶҪأȴϲȻٶȡϢѿȻһУȻٵʧˡ
һεĳ֣ңԶı߼ʣѿϹҫȻ˵Ȼˡ

ʲôûôߡ

ȻٴβǾʧˡ
ҪƽʱȻԼ˵ǰôҶһǳĸ˿ĵġȴһ㶼˲
ԼûʲôԷѾҵˣȻоҶʺǲˬԭԼĶԼˣȴǵñ㻹ҪȻ˵ʱȡˡ
ҶʺҪһվסҵĶȻҶҲûʲôĶȻˣԷҲͬǲܱһͣġ
ҶЩԥ֪ò̵׷ȥǾߣʵЩĵġ׷ȥҲ֪ᷢһЩʲô飬Ҳ׵Ĵǽȥ
û£һȥɡȻ򲻹ȻǴ׷Ҳûʲôġ׷߶ȥˣҲȥ㵱֡ƺǿҶʵΪѣ濪˵ҶʽһЩ鷳
ȱЩǣҶĴս̫ڵĺ˵ġǲȥĻЩʣˣĵزˣҪûммֵĶʵЩ˵ȥˡ
ң棬ҲһͰȫ˵ġҪҶʸ߹ǣиһţǶԥľ˵ġ
ҲãҶһ룬Ȼһӣ͵ԪͱǶˣȻһȻʧķ׷ȥˡ
ǺڰҶĶˡ˭ûȥɺڰڵϣϻҶʲһѿꪡ
ҶʶԼڵԪƻȶģԼǿ˺մСǴǣҶʲôҪûбǣгǾ鷳ˡ
ڲ̫ԶҶʴŷеٶҲ죬ܿľͽӽʧĵطˡ
ǵҶʴʱȴûҵڡռʮֵƽûһ˿쳣ҶеģȻǵĲ߽ȥЩһ
ϸϸĸӦ֮£ǸӦһЩ˿ġ
˺һ㣡Ҷһ£ʼۼ
Ҷ뷨ܼ򵥣һռ䣬еĲ˷ǳһزȻ̺ôôҶ͵һӣռܹ˺ģͻĽһܹȻǼɹġ
Ҷ˰죬ǸȥһĽɽҶʿһСķΧŰûɢԣб֤ˡ
Ȼոմź˻سڴеľϽĲͨı֮ϡȻܵͬʱûԼͬԪѹȵͨڡȻһôҵףɲǾôûˡ
ȻǸոնܺõʱǰձһ˲ˡһ׳Ľ˽ؿڹȥġ
ɫĽһ͹ˣȻźĳ˳ؿһĿӣɫѪʣнɫԪо
ȻûҪҶʾٵԶݡؿڵ˿ҲڿٵԪˢ
ҶʾòԾȻܻ᲻ս˵ġ˴鷳˵ĺôˣȻȥġ
ȻȻӴ࣬Ҷʾⲻǵõĺôӡ鶯ʲôģôţôһ
ҶҲҲ룬һǣٵĸȻǵ


643 δɣɣ
ȻոûԶľ룬Ҷ֪ȻΪʲôˡ
пֲϢٵĽӽϢҶʶоЩľġ
һѪצӴҶʵһǰץ˹ȥ
Ҷһ£ɫ䣬ѪɵצӣѪճ˱ǵѪζҶʺµǣ·ѪҺиܵصıԴ
צٶȼ죬ûжգǱȶջҪ졣ܹܵѪצΧʱռ䶼ڷٵĵˡ
ǰ޿ɱܣתһǳɡ
ϡһ죬һɢѪȴޱȵļӲɵľȻѪצһǰȻܵһЩǻץļͷɫѪɽѪצȡ˽ȥ
Ҷں󷽿ɫĹ⻪ųѪɫֱ۵Ǹһռδ֪
ȻһץȻļͷѪצҲˣٵ˻ȥ
ҶʻûдлعʱľĸоٴεϮͷһξȻǳԼġ
ҶҪԼʲôûиɰҪҲҪȥȻ
ǶԷɲҶ˵ĻᣬҶҲ֪ġҶʸоΣյĵһʱ䣬ҶʾͰߵǶˡ
ӦΪҶʱǲģԼԼǿԼץѪצ˵ġͬٶȼ죬۵Ĺ۲
ΪԼģҶʵĸоǸӵ˵ġʱռڿٵĽӽҶʶͬȥĳ嶯ˡ
ҶʺܿѹסˣҪĶˣǾ鷳ˣԼһƤëô
ҶʱܵҪܣȻԿģҶʿûŰĴ˵ġܿҶʾͷˣҶʳԵƫתһ£Ѫצȴž˵ġҲ˵ԼϢˣӲ
Ҷʱ޿ɱܣֻӭսˡ˻ʽ߾٣ȥ
ȻĽһ˻ʽѪצײ죬ȴܹ˺Ѫצֺġ
Ǿ޴ķҶʵ岻ܿƵĵˡƷ飬е˻ʽַɳȥˡҶҧץס˵ģȻĻˡ
ҶкȻ⻹ǵһײ˵ģ֮ϵġ
ѪצһĻȣƹҶʳֽ˫֣Ҷʵץ˹
ҶͿȻ˵һĻˣײȻǴ·磬ȴһ㶼ҵģһֱСĵĽ䱸ŵġ
ȵľ㡣Ҷ߶һ䣬ս˫ҡѪצֱ֮ϡ
ѪצλñҶǿеĸıˣצ˳»ҶʵĸץһѪ۳һδѪצٴλʱռ䣬˻ȥˡ
Ҷʵһ˿ϻġѪצǺѪҶʵ˿ڴ֡
顱ҶȻͬĴ˵֮ϣȥԶҶҪȻһЩ˿ڲأҲûѪҺǿеİȥ
ⶫҪҵģֱ֪ӸңתߣԼȥȡҶʿٵĬĬɢ˿ϵѪŭغ
ⶫͲڵܹմȾġȻͼŴⶫעˡҶ˵ĲǼٻҪȻһ֮ҶʵȻȥȡԲܵġȻʱĿǰΪ
˭֪ŪĶʲôʱɡԼһŪĶԼȻ֪ǿЦ˸ӵأȼվѪ޲һƶѪ⣬ʱǲ˵ģֻҪܻ
ҼǵסǲסҵĶʲôʱȡʲôʱȡ˵ʲôûɣҲ˵ҵĶѾƻˣҶŭˣһˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôʱʡԼĶŪˡҶʿļǵãѾԼһı˵İȻ쵰û͸Լٵˡ
֪ΪΣҶʻûзҵصļ䣬ϢǸоĶڵѪ
ıģô֪ʱ䡣Ҫһ屻ǸѹˣôҲҪֻ֣ܹԼȻҲŭˡ
ǵжԹϵģԾƨİ˫ıңıôıƻ̫ˡ
Ҫʵ㹻ĻȻҪɱҶʵġ
ҪɱҶʣҲɱҶɱãɱá
һ˵סһҲֵˡ׿ɼʱΣȻ˿Ȭˣصһ֪ԼĪĴڣҶԮˡ
Ҷʱܾģ뻹ǴӦˡ


644 ֣
ҶʱǲӦģԷʵ̫ˣȻƻԼĴµʱ򣬻Լͣǲˡġ
Ҷתһ£ǴֹȷʵԼܹԸġԷֻһֻצӣҶʾֻмܵˡҪ֮ǰֻצһ֣Ҷʲ˺˰
ȸ˵ãҿġûа취ƲôġûꡣҲһԤıܾ˵飬ȻҲƹġҶĶȻȻվһǷǳһ
㵱ɵƾʲô㡣ºô˵ˣ֮ĽֻиıôȻͬһӵĶҶʣľͰҶʵļıˡ
˱ǲݵľģʲôĹԷ˵ġעһȥǸı䲻˵ġ˵ȻҲɵôҶԼһ׼˺ܾõ顣
Լƻ˻һһʣšҪԼҶʵݽһ£ǵȻͿĲˡ
ӴһΪɵҶʻظƽʱӣһƵĿȻǰΣʱҪեȡһõĶġûгɹҶȻҲͷˡ
˶˵ˣվһмһεľ룬ûĽӴԼͬĽ˽еעѾ˵Ŀռϡ
ȻڶЩҶʵһˣȻҲնԼҪûһϻڣûа취۲쵽ڲġ
ǲǲݵˣڱȵվһ𣬲Уľһص򡣾Ǻǣ˸ղŵһУ֪ǵһֵܹģǾЩ֮
һ˲ӽɫһɫһᵶһὣһϳϢðհҵӢĵۻʡһһɱǿƽµľӦܹΪѵġ
ôȻôһ˿ĺгһ˿Ĺͬ㡣
ǣ˿һ㶼гġ˵Ϣ壬ڱ˴˵ľš
ιԶһ㡣ϢķҵġҪ¡ҶܲסˣһԵȻ˵
Ҳ˵Զһ㣬ͬǿͷϢЩҲ׵ġȻͬǲ˵һ㶼û档
˵⣬˶֮ǰľȻѾԪκˣôһ˵ǸоЩʹҶŭˡȻҲŭˡ˫пƣûٴεĴ֡
֮Ԫǳͻøӵˡ˵м䣬ɫɫԪϵľ˫˭κβ˭תųաγһɫɫӳ
ԶĲҲԽԽңоڻƶǳڴϢѾǸһռסҶȻ
Ϣ̫ڵıɭ˶̲סĶǴһҪסģΪȥ񾭽ţøӵˡ
ι㶶ôһ㲻ת˰ɡҶȻǷһ嶶
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һӳûУȻҲͬǷ壬ȻƽҶȷʵǹԼ˵ſڵҲûпûнӽͱɨ˳ˡô˵أܸӡ
ܸӣҶһ㶣йʵİûһǿߵΰʲôģúܸݵġ
ˣһͺȣҶʡ
ҶȻҲע⵽ˣûпȥϷȻˡѪѪצһȵĳ˹
ҶȻһۣЩŭУǣǿء
Ҳģе߾١һͬ£һһϵĽӳѡĿպ෴ģҶѡץȻֻѪצȻѡץҶʵֻѪצ
һ뵶âڿоһ档˶ûԶԷ˼뵶âûײ飬һմȾ˱˴˵һЩϢýǵâһЩر
ϡײͬʱ𣬲ȺնԼĿꡣҪһˣ߾ٵȥˡ
ѪצȻնˣ˻ȥˡ
ҶȻһ㶡ת˲֮Ǽ˷ܣҪһģȷʵ˵ļ˵ġ


645 ǿ߳ˣ
໺𡭡裬ǻ֪ǸʲôĶ
˹նһơӲĶǱҶǳ˹
Ĺ죬޺˵϶ǾԵûġ
ǹǵƬһҶȻǰͣˡϢǾһģһߣĬʰˡ
ǿԪۻ룬ԵǱҶȻҪǿƺܶġأǿѹͷߡôԶȻ˲ҶǵġοҶǾǿ߱㲻ҲܹԵġ
ȵ˺󵽣ȫҶȻǰʮԶͣˡһֻεĴһ˲ƽ˵棬ס˿ռ䡣
䡱ҵһ£ʲôȻжǷʱķ̫͸崫ݽ˵£õġ
ԼͬģȻҶʶ²ǺߡҲǶԷ̫ڵĿֲ㷢ܹõܲס
ȥģҶ˲䷢һɫޱȵѿ
ǰһ˲䣬ѪצÿһѪ˸ҶסҶȻ
֮ǰֻצӣһһֻѾҶȻͷˡͻȻֳôģ⻹ҪҪ˻ء
ҶʴŭƴˣȫѪҺʼȼɢǿҵĽ档ȻɫҲÿҶͬĴ붯ҲǷŨϹ⡣
˵ʵȻЩˡ֪ĽǾͲˡºˣôû̵ǵһ鷳ﲻҪصĴۡ
⻹ҺҶҲŽˣҪҶʲĻǾ͸ӵ鷳ˡǾȻһǿˣڵһغϵĽУѾ˺˵İɡ
ȻˣҺҶʹǿҺҶʸˣҺҶһֱԼҺҶʰԼ̯һˡ
ԪҶʶȻһͬʱȻһԪ
ȻȻ֪Ҷʴʲôע⣬Ҳûзϻûȥ裬ֱûһͰǽɫԪ˻֮ϡͬʱȻҲǴһϹ⣬ͬǱҶ˻ʽסˡ
˻ʽҵţҪԪɢǱҶѹסˡĻϽ˻ʽĽ֮Сͨ貵˻ʽɫ֮жദһ˿⡣
Ҷ˲ǰϰٴΣǰĿռ䶼СҪǲһ˲ȫնϣǻǻ޾鷳ġ
ݺĽ֯һŴǷצץ˹ȥзɫЩɱƻһء
һ˲䣬ʮֻѪצҶʸˡҶʵĽҲʧˣȫѪצˡʣµ뻹֮ǰͬҶ˹ˡ
ȻҶʳеʱһݣ֮ǰͿҶУ֪еվҶʵ࣬ҶʵĹĶ⿴ǲһ˵ġܹĶ
Ȼһ˵˻ʲʲô֮ġ˻ʵĽʲôԳһ˵ĽֻͬٶȵĽ壬ʺ˻˵ġ
ү춯֡ҶʾҵĴϢţһ£̫ڵ˵ġ
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ԼĹѾˣѪצ˲صĿʼˣ⻹ûеȵȻĹҶʼˡ
ҶʵĺȻ˲˹ҶһƽһУȴ󣬱仯ˡҲ֮ǰʹùСΧﵽιֶΡ
ҶͬȥоһµĹȻ˵ûҶʵĽôܼǵɭȻƻҪһЩʣµĴѪצȻĵȥ˵ġ
֪ǶԷѪצ̫࣬¹Զ˻ôġһޱɵľȫ˵ģûѪצȥ
һճѪ꣬Ѫζ˱ǶŨû
ܵȻҶʵƴķˡǿڿٵƶˣн𶯣һܻ߱˺յ
䡱һǿײռͨͨǿ߳
䡱ڶײǰͨԵľǱûĴơ
䡱εײͬʱģǿռǵֵסǿߵľȻˡ
ˣҶȻжͷ


646 
飬һӴл̽˳ѪζӵĴ̱ˣҶоһ޴Ѫһ
ǿһǰƶһͨ˺øӵĴ󣬷嶼ͨ
ҶȻ˵Ǿ仰ʲô˼ˣⶫûа취ݵġͲܹ˵ʲôӵġΪڲͣ䶯ڸıΡ˵ǰһǷݣһ̾ҲΪġ
һճѪɵĹڲͣ䶯һһֻצһǱֳһ
˱仯˻ζ˱֮⣬ҶʿޱȵĶĵġ
ңûʶġ˼άޱȵĻңɢʶҲǻޱȵġҶʵĸо˲˵ڤһԩ
ʵҲȷʵ˵ġǹʱĳһѪɫӰзԹ˻ǺܿΧӿѪɫӰɿ̽ϵӰ˻ȥ
ôôһӰҶʿȫЩ顣ҪǣȻʶޱȣʶӡһ档壬ȴǿ
һ֣еûֹͣģϵѪɫӰ
ãһ͸ȻǻѪɫ塣ǲûиʲô˺
ճѪٵ䶯ܿľͰƶˡҲ˵ͲġĹᱻ˲ĸжȥ˺ٵĿ
޸壬ûһ˿ĺۼǰ˵λãܿ̽˼ѪɫӰ˻𲻶ϣצġӦһ㣬һ£ٴεǳļӰ
ٲͣ䣬ǰǸŭˡѪ䶯۳һ޴Ѫצǽץ˹ȥ
ܿľǽ֮У׳˳צӵ˹Сù嶼ðǿҵĵ绡Щð
𣡡һ˻צһеĽ׾ͱɢˡ
ҶʿľģԼͻˣΪƬռԭ򣬲ӦԸͻûжɽ١ǣԵǲسϵģһ֣پȻｵˡ
ңҶҲܹ׵ġҶôǿ󣬶ֻӲģûҪȥѽ׸õġ߰ĶˣԼǰֳݵġ
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ҶȻͬʱǰԾƿշǹôˣ˶ٶȷӵ˼ޡֱ˺գһγ֣ѾǹΧˡ
ҶȻһһҵģٵĻӶеĵҶб磬նһɫ⡣
ȻգãһζϢŰ
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֮µ˿ٵվһ𡣾ЩԾӵļֵġ
ȻǱһһһε壬ڿٵ䶯Ȼֳ嵽һ𡣱˴ںϣܿľһ塣ҶʸȥĽȻȥĵ䶯ŵµľͼ˵ġ
һУҶȻĲ²һǿһĻĳˣ˻ǾЩ鷳ġ
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оǽ˵ظĶסһоǲôܵġ
һֵĶһ߶ҶȻһڿٵ䶯Ҳڿٵı仯
߰һţǱ΢ϸˣģˡ
ڴҵע£Դ֫ıľˡûôĶˡ


647 Σ
Ȼǳ֫ҪСࡣǱ仯ûֹͣճѪҺڿٵŨӴҲڿٵıС
һεĶǱˡѾҶȻһĴС˵ġ
ҶȻΪ仯ˣԷٵķʱ˾һĻٴεĳˡ
εӵĲֿٵ䶯ѸٵĳһŵճѪѪٵ䶯˵ڶΡ
Ҳ˵ڵһġԼԴ֫߹ǵβλһģһһʮֵĹġ
ģҶСֹһ¡ԭԷα仯ΪԷҲǷ֮ǰӲôÿҪһÿӡ
ǿԵǸ߹˶Էˮƽˡ֮ǰܳǸӣҲҵ۹ģܱӣΪˡ
һǳ׵ˣֻͷλòû٣һ
ʱضҶȻȻֳ֣ǿǹõġȴΪʶҲһ룬Եû֮ǰôĻңҪһˡ
ӦҪˡͷҶʵ
ʵ֤ҶʵĲ²ǲԵġԷûйͷڼԼ塣
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ǣôҶӡȻҲֹģһͷĺߣЩ鴤
ûһҶʵģһߵȻġΩΩФģѪɫ֮⣬ֱûκε
ⶼνɺ޵ǡһġҶʾԼˣôܹļһ塣ȻҲͬǱˣҶһ㶼˳۵ġ
ǶãС˺ˣ붼ûġ
ǹ뵽ˣˡʵİܵ飬ˡܡ顣
Ҷٴεĳ˹ȥȻһۣȻҲǿٵĸˡһǺϵҶʳԿˣҲԿڶҲҪĵĶ
Хųǹ˪ͬǳǹ
Ťľֻ֣뽣ȫѪɫצӸץУβʣ
Ȼ𾪣ǽ²ҡ㡣ٵƹ˹棬ǹ
ͬʱ˳ȥٶ۱ŤĻƶ壬ҪתҶȻ
ҶȻٶ̫죬Ѿնǹĺ󱲡
ϡϡ죬ʵʵĿ˹ϡǹﱻõ˳ȥʮԶпڡ
Ҷüͷû뵽Էķ˵ǿûκεķ֮£ȻܹӲҶȻĹɲʲô顣
ҪҶȻٴεĳǸովסĹٴεĹԷӦ׼ʱ䡣
ѭʮΣ˴ùﲻϵ˻𣬲ϵĵ֮⡣ҶȻռϷˡ
ÿһεĹһο˿ھѾʧ˵ġҲ˵˰ѶԷ֮⣬ûκεЧ
ҶȻÿһιǾȫ˵ģû֣ȴûȡ˿Чܹ˾ñء
УԷȻһֱڰ򣬵ǶĿǰ״̬ƵѾԽԽ˵ġкüΣǲһתҶȻĹҪҶȻؼʱı˳еĽǶȣĿ˶Էצȥˡ
ϡͬʱҶȻĹͬʱǹסˡ
Ȼ˳ʱӦԷѾܹܺõĿ̬ˣǱ֮ǰһŵҪö˵ġ
ҶȻʼʩʱתס˵ĹҶȻͬʱı˹ĽǶȵġ
ͻȻ˵˿ķӦǹﻹŵֻͬʱҶȻץ˹
˴󾪣ԭ˫ץģ˵֣ճһֻ֣ѪצӲȥ
顱顱ƵҲͬʱҶȻ׷˳ȥΪתȥӹԼһֻצӵԭ򣬱˱һ¾ûлĵط˽ʵʵײһ
ķҶҶȻЩܲ˵ġſ³һھѪ


648 ˣ
ǽĿһˣǹǺơһ
ҶȻҵӣǹͬʱֿˣһЦƤЦⲻЦӣȻǺܿĵġ
ǻҵʶ֮УȫɢõϢޱȵͳһӡ
һ֣ͰҶ˳ȥˡҶȻ³ľѪƮǹ˽ȥù֮ϣһɫɫཻ֯Ĺâ
ǿһ֣Ȼǹ⻪ֿٵİȥָ
һľѪһĨɫǺܿľͲˡҶȻȻоôųѪġ
Ҿ֪ûһǺöҶһ߲ҺţһţϵıЩ鴤
ô仰ôıŤءֲң˵ˣҲһǱˡ鷳˵˵ףҪôĹ㷺òáȻͬǵֵ˵
˵ľͰ㣬ġ㱻һʯͷӲҪղѼײˡ㻹ѹϡҶһͱѹϵȻƷ
Ҷ˵ģѹԼϵȻԼıϵģȻĺһʯͷǸҶʵıϵġҶôһȻƷȻһζԼ˿֮ϡҶҪ
Ͳܺúõ˵ôȻҶʵЩΡȻʯͷ汳ʯͷȻĺһģһǴݽȻУһǲܡ
ͬܳ˻ʽʯ壬ҲҶʳԲԣ˵ȻĴҪһЩģûз
ҶȻϽ˵ɫЩ԰׵ġոһ岻ܵ˳ҪһڵľѪǲ̫Ԫˡ
ǹûжˣɻĶҶȻʶٴεĻ˼ʲôޱȵɻ
ת˲䣬ǹԶ˷ܵı顣Ҷʡ롰ȻǸԶҶȻ͡רערעе
ҶʾûһļƤⱻһһģһԼ鶢ԼͿﲻëŹˡ
Ҷʻͦš߰ĶŶԷ˲󣬾Ǵ򲻹ԷҲǲܹġ
ͻȻԶӰʧˣоҶʴ󾪣գۼͿһԸе촽Լ˹
ҶҲ룬һת˻ʽڵʯ֮䣬Լ֮ǰ
һ죬ҶʸϽԼǺѪˣݶ㱻ˡ˻ʽصײԼ֮ϣýġ
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ҶʲŮģһӣһӢӣһӢӡҶʲϲˣֻϲŮˡ
ԣǱ˻ʽסˣҶʻǾöġθвϵķˮŪҶʶҪµġ
ǶԷţˮճ˻ʽ֮ϣ֨֨졣ȻҶʵϣ֮£ҶЩըëġ
ԷƴʲôûΪ̫һűӢüͷ壬ʮֵĿֲġ
Ҷһ£˺ǳ϶ľãⲻԼԼôӢôķΣôĵĶġ
˻ʽھҵĲҲǱĵˡɲǼ䱬˾˵ҶʶЩգ˻ĸӳ֣ҶʶĹġ
һǹͱˣϳ˶ǰ͸Ŀ׶
ǹȴ޴󰭣ٵ䶯ѿ˿ڿٵϡƿֲĽ֮⣬Ȼָ̺۶û¡
ȻҶʣĴЦ
ͻȻֵ״˶סˡŵôģô˵ġ
ȻģҪŪԷת˲Ħ˰Ļ𻨳ˣô͵ľҪѶԷӵڻУڻԷˮֻô룬ȻѾߺ˵ġ
˶ʮֵĳԾ˶ĿţûһҪȥҶʣ˵뷨
氮ܶԷʲôʲôԱʲô塣ܶԷˣǵǳˡֻҪˣ޷˵ˡ


649 İл
ҶʳһѹθеĲʡе˻ʽڲϵ𶯣Ҫ˦մȾĿˮһ
Цƨ˵һֵˡʲôġ˵ˣǻû׵ôҶʴŭȻüͷͻͻͣ
ԭЦûнƵģҶôһɤӡȫﲻסˣ˸ӷЦʸֱӵ˵ϣڵϲסķš
ȻҪֹסˣҶôһ˵һֽŴЦ
ԶĹҶٿȻܿľͰĿҶʵϸƿˣֻ۾ĶȻ
ٴѿһȻо˾ȻòԾʱ
ѾȻǰĹһ§סȻĲӣһ˫İȻ˫ֱġ
죬̽ͷһǳɡ
һ죬Ȼǵһˡ˵Ŀ٣˵鱼ţöԷġ
һֵҶЦˡᶼˡ
ҶͻȻãԼ֮ǰʲôˡϾû׵ǵôֻǱһ£ԼĽڲ٣Լٶڵġ
Ȼһ£Ǳʵʵס˰ûʲôڵûнλʵʵڴҵǰǵġ
ҪЦò˵Ĵңǰһ˲䣬Ҳűˡڽеһ˲ЦûˣһĶɫ԰׵ĴŴʸӵֱӣڵϣ֫ҵĻ˼£Цιȥˡ
ͣҪ䰡飬İлȻͣȻޣеġҶһͼӴסôôһ㶼ˡ
ȻһͷĺߣҪѿͷƴĺҡһεģҪѶԷͰѿ
ǣһжͽ͡Էһֻ֣ȻͷȻȻͱķ֣Լͷûа취ƶˡ֪Ȼٴ뵽Լ㲻ǱǿءԱ廹
Ȼҵţֱ۷նڲϵ𡣵ǶԷ˫̫ڵļӲˣ̫ڵĴˡȻһʱ֮侹Ȼûа취ѿġ
Է͸쵽ȻȻݲ鶼ûа취ҧϵġͷ˵ͷٳȲǣܿľȻĺСȻ΢΢ʹоͷϸСļ̴̽ԼĺΧ
ԽԽȻҲԽԽ΢ܿ嶼վˣҪǱǹţȻҪˤڵˡ
ιڻɲݰô˶ԷУѵҪֶԸôҶһ㶣֪ʲô顣
ôȻ͵˶ԷĻˡʲô籾Ҷ֮ǰûȻ˵ľİ
ҶεȻεĿȻʵѾǰ˴ҵǰˡǲݷġᵹһĻУɶԷǣҶʾԼӲˡ˵̫ˡ
Ҷʣæԣڿٵʧ׷ߣϢȻǱҶҪеöġ
Ҷһ߳鴤ǣһ߳Ҷʽźš
ֻҶֵܹˣȥҲǰ״ûһ˿һôġ
ҶҲǷ˲Ծˡĳ˹ȥһ;ȥ᲻ȻͣҶʲ֪ҲûпǹѹˣùȡȻ׳ԼҶҪעˡ
ԵĲٵҶһͬСڹܵͬʱҶץס˿϶һȻĵ֮ϡһƽɫԪ˽롣
ȻԭԽԽʶǱóٶˡΧһжȥˡһƽԼĵ֮Сһƽ˵Сȴ˲ԼĵѾֹͣ˲ԪŭˡһɲǼȫı˳
Ȼ˫âг˿ֲɲǼѺеͷˡ
񱩵֮£Ȼ˫ָͻȻԶԶƽʱ˲˹Ļ£ŭһǺһ
ҶǰץȻͷɿĵˡ
ŻȻȫ֮Ż²ϡ
³ѵͷĲɫѪҺһֱµθеˮˣȻǾޱȵĶġ
ôζɡܵãСˡҶʶǰбۿȻһ£ڵϷš
㡭ŻȻѾûʲôˣҶôһ˵ľöģˡ


650 
ĳ棬ʵЩʮ˽ЩͯˡҶʲ㱻ˣڲٶˣȻбһŭ޳֣ѹӵ˼˵ġ
Ҫ˵Ҷǲ㱻ˣôȻǽʵʵԷһ鱼ŵĳǡͷȥˣܲôȻָӵĺûһ֮´ġ
˺һ𣬲ֿϢԪҲ໥Ťģ˵⻹ôһáڹ˺öĿӣѪѿ
ȻѿĿӣֿٵĺˡûжǹʲôʵԵ˺Ҳ֮ǰƲ˵״Ҫ˲ٵġ
ȻҶʵľҵķʮֵķŭġǶҶʣӵķŭԼǵģȻԼȥȻǹҶҲǸչˡ
ȻȻҪùץסҶһΣҶҲһ֮ǰĴҲ֪ڲֵʱҶʺֿܹסҪֳìܳˡҶʵùˣȻҲͬǻᵹù˵ġ
ǹ̫ˣץסĻᡣӲȻҶʵĹڹɲ˶ݵͣٵʱľ˫֣ҪסͿǵġ
׼ҶȻһδεѳȥˡҶȻȻ˿ȥȷʵԽԽľģû˿ЧԷǴһ
Ҳ˵ǴӦҶȻĹʹﲻɱǹĵزֻܴһЩʹ˺ġ
ŭˣϵ˻𡣱ҶȻһδε˺һδε롣ͻҵʶӵĻˡ
ڴһ˿Ĵ죬ʲôƱһ㡣ȻһҶȻͬϤϢӹڳ˳ˡ
ѪһϹ⣬Ϸһ⡣ôĶģҫۡɫ˽֮ɫ
ҶȻľȻûнַһ˿Ľ⣬Ҫ΢ܶࡣڹϴһĽɫ·
ǳϹѪҺеľʣǹںһ𣬹д˴ڵȻϢЩĽɫ·ȻҶʵѪҺˡ
Ҳ˵ڵĹɢҶȻͬϢȻҶȻϢûȣȴʮֵĴġ
Ҷ֪ǹ֮ǰԼѪȻѪʲôˡǽһֶΡʻżҶȻǡ
֮ǰǴӿ³ģΪӿܹõѪҺˡ
ǲô˵ǿ˲˵ġҶȻѪҺϺıѪܹѹסԭӵѪҲǺġ
Ȼ˵ץȻҶʣܹǿеƳһִҩġܹҶȻаֵԳ
һθ˵ĺãҲ˵ĺõĹǵһμҶʺˣҪǴȥԷԱ˺ˣǲǾıһҶʻˡ˵һĵء
仯ˣԷֱҶȻ˹ˡһ£ÿһεɶܹѹյģҪ˫ˡ
ȻҶʵɫǺܲÿġͿ£ûеֿҶȻնϡ
˴Ļ֮⡣ûһ˿˿ڣƤûбпġ
￴ҶȻٵĵˣһĹЦڳЦҶȻĹҲΪԼǿе˵ġ
ҶȻĵǣڿ˶Էʱ򣬶ԷгԼ֮ͬϡõ뽣ĹҲûп˶ԷһҪԭ
㵽׸˶ٵѪˣɣֵܡҶʴŭָŹȻ
ֵܻࡣʲôҸѪϵĽɫƣҲΪԭ򣿡ȻͬľͷҶʵָ𣬵Ͳˡ
䡱ƺǲҶȻӣùûдڸСһ̤أھ޴ķ֮£ҶȻɱ˹
˸ϽķҲ˲ˡڶԷǿȣҪԼˡҶȻӵĲȥԷӴˣеĵ뽣ڵһʱ˳ȥ
ԷֻצӣһֻɢŵĽץ˻ʽһֻɢŵϹץ˻
ͬϢ˵뽣֮ڣǽ뵶â˲˲١
˻ʽԷץȥˡĹϲ˶෽ֺˡ


651 ǿս
˶ķӳͬʱŵֻҶȻĸץ˹ˡԩָ˻л
еץˣѲġǿ̧ϥǣŶԷӲȥ
顱顱죬ҶȻϥͬʱԷײһȥˡ
ҶʾϥǹǶҪѿˡȶ˲Ըоһʱ֮侹Ȼǽ˰Уǰײơ
Է屾Ѫںϣֵõ˴Ѫ˻ѪУǿ˲ٵġ٣ȫܹ˻Ѫˡ
Ȳľûʧ˲͸оʹǿĶˡ
ꡭͷѵ𣬾ʹٴεļӴ
˻ʽһ˦ҶʾȻ˳ȥˣƲһĵ˵ϡĽɫɫѪꡣ
Ҷʿ˿ѪģƤⷭĻˡо帹ǻЩ΢΢ˣ֮ǰĹͷѵġȻ״ҶȫͬģͬǸһ󶴡
ԶĹڷһĹЦֱֻеŽɫɫѪҺڻ䡣֮УǷֱץżѩ׵߹ǡ
ԴֱһͷɾֱϵѪҺһ֮ɫȻͻȻѵôģе߹ǸС
ԡһͷƤ֮УǼ߹ǣȻǱǹˣȻȥ
ҶȻĮȻĿһУǲԼѪԼ߹һʮֵı䡣˿ڴѪҺڿٵȼգȼճҫ۵Ľϼ
ҶȻĸٴεžǶϹλĹͷƶλϹḶ́һ㶼ǹͷĺܡ
ΪͻȻһ¾ʹȻ񾭶䲻ʱ򣬹ͷѾץˡ
ͷڻĽеġѾӦ˾ʹķÿһδʹԺСĹ̾Ϳ֪ˡ
ҶʶΪԼܲˣ£Ȼûвҽһˡ崩ŵ·ʪ͸ˣǴˮ̳һ
ΪҧţѾЩӲľˡҪûпߵһֱţҶʶгˡҲҶƴĽ
ϲĽɫɫѪҺĽһǱ˴ķӵľˣ˫ϢҪĶˡ
ղϵѿһڵ硣ɫѪҺɫѪҺһӴеȼɢ˻ɵ
ѪҺ̺ȫĳΪһӡڿС
ˡһĽŲǿʱռпٵĴС
ҶʵԽԽȣҪȼһ㡣̣ѪҺеġ
ȻͬǱ˽ɫģķϣϵ÷졣
ŽŲԽԽԽԽҶȻеѪҺÿһë˳нɫɫ˵
ҶȻϢڿٵ˥˶֪ʲôȴûһ˿ĺ£һ˿ڴ
ԶĹᵽѪҺζŵζĶһ̰ͷҶȻ˹
ڵҶȻʮֵġûа취Ŀǹ˫Լȴ̧һָͷû˵ġ
䡱ǴţһɫһɫվŲϢܹѹյĴڻ
ǽɫɫٵĳ˽ɫӰɫӰ
һɫĹ֣һɫĹֱִİҶȻС
ǹֻƣײ˹֮ϣȻ󱻴ĵ˳ȥ
ѪµӡôɫĿڣʮֵƽĮȻעԼ˫֡
˻ʣ㾹ȻˡɫӰǽɫӰĿڣһɱζ
㲻һҲô벻Ҷ֮ˣȻͬʱطȥѪͬһطΣաɫӰһƽ˵ѾȥˣʲôˣˡоҵĲġ
ߣҺоĶˡǰˡЦޱȵſЦжɱ֮
ɵ治ɱľĳƺţһܹʵҲȤشҵ˽ܡ


652 
ҶϢԷܹ֪ҶһУҶҲܹ֪̽Էʶ
˻ĬĬ˼һӣڷҶԺصļ䡣ΪͬԴģҶʶûκεĸоԷѾҵԼҪĴ𰸵ˡ
֪̽ǵ׼ˡȴ֪ȷʱ䡣ۿܹһˣȴײķ˳ϧ˰˻巭Ƭ̣˵
治֪Ƕص˻˵ԵЩЩƽЩĮĻôġ˻˵˺żץ顣
ҶûЩľǴԶĴ˻壬ҶһֿԼδĸоҪԼ˵ҲǸģҶʲ֪Լ᲻һͷ˵ġ
һҲã쾹Ȼķʽˡôٽһε۷֮սͺˡҪ˭ǿ˻սֳһˡ
ûգȻǰͬھʤһаʽģһʱ䲻࣬ûڡңҲϲ°ܽԡ˻ʷǳĸɴ࣬һ㶼ûʲô鰡ҪеĴ㡣
ʵϣ˻ʵЩѻġǵһ˻뵽ĵӣһЩڶʼǰȥˡһֱҶһŽҪɣ׵ıɱ
˻ĿǷǳεģһֱĬĬıôľͳءôҵء
ʵһѾ֪һˡǾʲô飬Ҳ֪˵һĺڰ֮񣬸һƪɵĹ
Ϊ˳ĺڰɥĲˣԼ˲˹ģ൱ǱǵĻŵİˡķԸһֱ찵áȷʵǷһЩɵģ׷ݵ
ŻڣټǿߵȻúڰڣȥˡ
ȻԹȥǿߵʬ壬ҶԵǼء
кܶĺ׷档˻ûУÿһε˻ʻ߶ѡĵǿߡ֪˻һһЩءȻ֪еˡ
һ֮ǰ׷ݵˣֻһЩǿߵʬ壬ҪĶûз֡
֪ҶʵĳйصġһȥʱҶʾȻĽˡ
ϲԸҶѡһǿ߻̫ǿˣȼ硣
ˣҪҶʡ׷һҶսȥҶսҶʷӡ󲻵УСҶս֮ǰҶ˻ʽ׽˾Уһӡ
ҶսҶսеõ˵Ҫġ˻׼Ķжȡ컯֮СǻҶսҲ˲صĴۣߵյ㣬ûȥҶˡ
ҶʾͱӡһȻҶսĲлת֮󣬱˳ֽҶսߡ
ҲҶսʱӡҶԴеĶȻĻǲ֪ôй¶˳ȥ˵ġ

㡭ŭ˻ʲһ֮û̫Ե˭ǿ˭ķֱġ
ҪǷֳʤֻпٳķӡɲ֮ǰҶȻһ屻ǿԵǿˣԪȻκβ˶Էġ
ǿߣʤת˲֮ͷ˵ġͿ˭жϸ׼ȷͿ˭սӵķḻʽӵļ࣬ɱӵǿ
һ䣬òġʱ˫Ѿǳ򣬷ɽǿ
ͶܹǺӱϣǳһ˲仯΢˻ʰǿգˣѿˡһƬǿճ׵Ļ
ɱʱǴ֮£˻Էֱ۵Ĵ۶Դ֮Ϩ˲ȥġ
ʱҲǻ˻ʵࡣ֪Ѿȥ˵ǰĴľѪע˻ʵڣ˻һ˵
Ҫǿһ˲ôһᡣֱЦ˵ûմ㣬ûմ㡣˻˵Ȼ˵壬ôôҶʣҶʲҪͬĴ
ŭ̧־˻˹ȥɫĹ⻪ʢƶȻҪˡ˲䱻пˣһɫĵȥƲ˻˹ȥ
꣡˻üͷЩˣһֱֵĵ˲ƹˡ
˻һѿձ˻ʸ£һǿֲĵ⣬Ҳ֪һƬĿռȥˡ
ֻǹһУסеˡһֵôҶǵܲһͲûйˡ
˻һֲ˿̻


653 ս
˻һǲ˿̻Ϣûʲô˵ƵġһһʮֵȻ
ܹ˲丧ƽգܰĹĵط˻ʱǿ˲֪һġ
Ҫ֪ƻǺ׵ġҶȫ֮£ҲǰĴﵽơ
Ҫ޸ԶԶıƻѵöȥˡ˲ĨȥನҪ޸ѵĿռ䣬漰˵Ķʵ̫˵ġ
һֱŵһݣ֮ǰΪֻ˻ѷɫһڿԶԶĲ֪һˡ
Ȼ˵ļУҾȰ㳹׵ĴɢˡҶʣһá˻ȻˣҪԶˡ
Ȼ˵ǽ裬Ҷʻûлعʱеĳ˳ˡҶʵĿƣɵ˻ʵ
ɫ˻ʵ󣬳е˻ʺǲǴһƬʵ߳һǿս
Ŷʵ˲ˡҲһЩԣȵҵڵʱ򣬿Ҫǿ˲ֹһ˵İ˻ĬĬĸӦһ£Ȼ̲ס˸̾
ɫ󣬹˻ʵܹеּ衣ּ䱼֡ľ΢΢ҡΡҰݶҪһֵġ
ҶЩգԼôˣûôġҶԱˣԼҪץźá
ɫٵķŴһӰ˻ʸСⲢǽֻһ仯ĿʼٵķŴУҲ˽ȥˡ
ҶվУ˻ڽɫСڵһʵС磬ҶǸˡҶܹУǸӦ˿Ϣ¶ġ
Ϊʵ˻ʣ־͸ӵıˡȶˣһУǳ͸ȡ˽ֱӳС
ץסʼ޴ǳɿıСȻ˻ʴ˳ȥ
һУйŵһշǰ
ǳײһǳ˲ͻ˷ɻң̺ŵĿֲľɢˡ˿ֲĻ𺣡
˻һֱӾͱյĴΧ
ѹ˿ֲĳ˲Ϩˡ
һΣ˻ȶˡֲִĸյɱ˹ȥ˻ʽ̤Ÿٵĳ˹ȥ
˫ֲϵĻնһڽڵĸ仯ľȻٵգԼġ
ʱ˻ʵˣ˽֣ķհȥնˣһķģ˻ʵĹɱ˹ȥ
ˡһƵ죬͸ռ䴫˳Ȼ࣬ǻòٵ˶Ѫˡһ£ܵصļѹ
Ҫ֪⻹ǹǵġֻǹನǱ޵֮Ĺನ
Уؿ΢΢ȥһӡ֡ǴƣϴѪۡ
Ҳ˫һ˵ġ˵˻ȡȻ
ݵſٵĹͬʱſڣ³һɫѪߡѪ߻һŵ˻ʵơ
·ȾѪŵĽɫĻ·ſʵȻ޴档
ȻˡûһпںְʲôҲûз˫ɫͬѪڿٵ޲˺
ҶʾÿϧҪʱҶʾҪ϶ԷġǴ򲻹֣ҲҪڿͷȥռϷġҶʽ˫Ӯָľǿͷϣϵġ
ȿΪҶȻ¶һֵġûκסԷҪô²Ĵȥ֪ʲôʱֳܹʤ
пˡɫɫϯеÿһĿռ䣬ʲôˡֻܹıԵϵ𶯡ǿĻⲻ˵Ĺನ˳Ҷǹսæҵġ
ѪɫĹоҶȻѪ˥û֮ǰôʢˡ룬ҶȻҲǴ˺˿ռ䣬ˡ
ӵĻˣʱ˻˳Ҳ˻ʵܻ
ʼƲסˣǵǿľ͸Ű
ҶǶ綼˵ԶԶˡԱһţֵŽ˹Ĺನ
Ҫŵ㰡ٵ˰ҶţΪġ


654 ѹ
ļ룬ӵĻˡ˻ʸܻĺвϡҶǷˡ֮ǰҲװİ
ɣȻ֣˻һȻǳԿСǺּŭ˵ġ
ô˻ʲͬԵ÷ǳĿĵģĴЦ
䡱һεײͬϴһĿֲִһĳˡ
ҶЩģǹ˻ʡϾ֮ǰȻǹ˵ϲҲ˵
ûҪȸɵ°ܽҶʵԤϣһηſĴЦ˻ʡ
䡱ײһһֻûгֺϻˡ
˻ʣҶûйˣȻҡȸɵŭŭո﹥˻ʣ˻ʹȴպһȦ
Ҷֻֻܿġ̻Ȼʲôû˵ġ
п϶ޱȵȤġȴʲôڵסˡôҵжèһֵģҪȥץȴץš
ãָɵ˻ʵٴδ˳ȻǷǳͬ顣
䡭ײһε𡣲ȴûŭ˻𡣺ЩԾĲһ
˻ʣȻҴҡ֮ǰ˵ʲôҪҷġŭ
˻ʴӦúúõģȻˮˡת͸һ¡û׼һ
˭֪᲻ǹĻεҵġҲһµģ²Ϊ²Ϊ˻ʵ˳ڵǸôôеֻζ
ãһΡҪ㻹ҹңһ˵ˡŭţٴοͷ˻ʴЭ顣
䡭
˻ʣһЬ㡣Ҵҡŭˡײ˶ݵƽȻٴŭˡ
һΣ֮⣬ܹĸӦޱߵŭȼաϷˣ˼Σʵ̲סˡ
ԭҪ˻ʵĴͳҶСֹš
ߵˮǶ˵ģһĺߣûЦ֪᲻ҶʸŭˡڴҶǿҶʵıģҪҶʷˣȻ˵ˣǿ϶ҪһЩͷ˵ġ
ҶȻ˵ģ΢΢һÿһĻЩľġ
Ҷʲû˵ʲôûпһҶиأսͷĺôҪǶһһľԴǱ˶ҪǮİ
ҶʾãԼûж˻һҪĹٴͳҶʺܺõķ˳ʤҶʾԼ̫ˡ
ǲˡ˭ʹ˭ҪĻ˻ʵġ˭ոձ˻ʸϷŪ˼µء
˹İʱĽǷǳ׺ݵģֱͲ÷Ľй˵ġ
ǴŴŵģͻȻˮְ˻ȥʱ˻ҲͬĲ˵ģȫǲҪ˵к
ԱĹΪģˮġļˡܹʱǹ﷢Ц
ˡվҵһ¡Ϊ𶯶ġ
ɫٵС׷ɳӰһɫԶһշաһɫŽɫƵĹ˵ϣ˫ڵȳӳ
С˻ʵ󡣲ǰסˡ
˻ǳɢң߰ɢ·Ͱ͵ĹϡֻеߵĹһ鶼ûеģֿɵЦͣ
ܹˣͰǶѹס˻ܻĺ𵽡Ҷǵǰǲװװʲôӵˡ
㣬ҲˣҺΣߣмƳƳͣȻǲô˻ʵĻġ
˻Ҳ˵˼ӡ忪ʼ⣬µһֱصıԵĽɫҲǿʼ⣬һɹɽɫԪڿл۳һĸ¼ǹ˹ȥ
𣡡ǳķŭһֱܵĿ־塣ڸǳһЩɫ·ڹͬĸ¼
εﶼûа취ƶֺģֻԭزͣĻצӣץաצӸ˺Ҫӡĸ¼˺ġ
ⶼͽ͡צǸ¼ץһ̶ĽĦȴûֺġ
еĽɫĸ¼ϵĸ¼ϣӡȥֲ˴ˡ
ԽԽ΢ȥ


655 ʤ
ȥˣڵԨҲʼĳȥˡһǿƵĴڣתۼͱ˻ʸѹסˡⲢ˵˻ͻȻʲôҩˡ˺˰ʲôġ
ⲻ˻֮ǰĲðˣ˲˳ˡ
ԭˣҪһ¯ҩǿжȡص컯ǾȻעˡǲòˡϸĿ˿Ȼг𾪡
ո˻ʩչֶΣʲôĪַֻƵҩʱյķҶһ㣬̫ءңֻǰҩᴿӵգԾͽûˡ
˻һǿеĳȡǿôãΪڵӣ϶Ҫɹ˵ġȥˣȻײƻˡ
Ȼƻ˻ʵ׼ǿѪڲѾѪΪһ˵ġ֮ǰԭҪչһ¾ķɣҪһжġʵ֤ˣ˻̫ˣǲܵ顣
Ȼ˻ʱǷŭˣýǷǿԵֶΣǹѹסˡ˻ʾûдҪǹƽսģֻҪ
Ͼ˻ʲʱˣܳ档ǹƽĶԾУһжսʤ˶Էܹôɵóô
ô㶼Ѿʱˡ׵ɢɡоãߵʱȥġ˵ʱ㳹׵ʧġ˻ʲҪϻˣдֵǿɲʲôġ
˻һ֣һ߾Ѿǳˣ̧˽ɫȻѹ˹ȥ
Ҫܣȴֱ޿ɱܵģһݰȻȻˡҪ㿪ˣų˻ʻ˳ƵĳȻĿԵġ
ȼɫĻ棬ϸߣסɫĻ沢ûʲô¶ȣȴܹնڻˡ
˻ʵĹǵһġȻҪֱƷԷǾû˿ֵˡһεĹĽɫӰġ
붯ֵ˻һµĶͬʱ̧˽ɫƣ·ѹˡһƬƬĽɫһһصһ˻ʵںϣķĻ˹ȥ
ɫľֻûѹǿֲϢѾϨȼŵɫĻˡ
ȻҪƴȴֶûƴʱˡԼ߻û׼ãԷѾĹǿеˡ״ʲôȥڱƴġ
һɫ̺żĹصһϲԷŭˣԶֽ˳ͷҪĥˡ
ûһ˿ķһ˲䡣ǽɫ屬˿ˡӨ׵ǣɫѪһµķɽ˿
еһ˿Ĳл겻𣬲ҲҪ;ƿˡս꣬ܵشǰһĶݵˡ
лѪȻ˹ȥһ˲ûʯ֮СʯԵøӵĲԡڳȥһ˲䣬սȴǳ׵ȥˣҲˡ
˻ת壬Ȼ˸ǽɫڲͣĽ֯šεֻ̧ķˣЩԥӡ
ȻĶᵽɤۡɫƽΪ֪ǹģֻҪǶԷ¶˾ĳ֣ҲǲõġôõȴôöҪйһˡ
ܹƽĶԴЩ˾ͲˡȫЩսսӣ㶼Ҫȥˡ
Ҫܹ֡սʤҲܹսʤġûļǲ̫ڵȤˡҶ֪˻ʲô˵ƽʮֵļᶨԻġ
ҲãĥʯҪûΣհʲôģдɾ͡ңһңܾдҪġȴ˻ʮֵİ׵˶Ȼɱġ
ȻǺ˶һ˸ӵĲһӹ˵֮ˡ֮ǰҪɱ˵Ļôһ϶ˡҶʵһ仰һͬһˡ
ˮǶЩϧ֮ǰһֱ˻ʳֵİҪܹ˻ʳע⣬Ϳˡ
ɱ˺ȻɵǳҶʵһУҶʻٺܶ鷳ġ
Ҷ˰ɣϲŰʦЩ˿ӷƨһٵ顣ûͲܹúõôûʲôϵˣôġ


656 ƴҩ
˻ʷǳĸɴ࣬˵˲ɱȻǣһᶼġ
ⲻ˻Ըȫ˻ʵ˵ʵ˻ʾվﲻȻҲܹ˻ʵ½ǵġ
ȻǳԾ֪ѾȫҪˡĬĬߵԶ˻ϺվҲûа취ȥҴҪָһʵСңҲҪһ£ԷܹŪʲôĶ
˻һУǱס˵Ĺͷɵص룬Ưڰвһ͵ǿֲסǹȥ
˻ʲϵ㣬ɫָյڹʹҶʿʹʵ˻ÿζǴһĵطǹϵĸ¼Ŀհ׵ĵط
ܵ˻ʵǱѾȥ˵Ĺ˫ۡѪɫһС
˵ĹҪѳȥ˻ѾԤϵˣҲ׼ˡô˿ţҪʧˣǾ̫ˡңѾǰıųˣҪλûץסǿʲôòˡ
һӣճһɫ·ܷȥ˻ʿŵץסһʣµǱվܵĽɫӰסˡ
ɫ·Ǵӹڳġô˻סˣùҲˡ
󣬴ɵ˻ɫ·Ĺס˹еıԴǴס˹
ÿһεҵֻ΢΢𶯰ˣǽɫ·˿ı˻еġ
ΧղϵĻ𣬲ϵĲȫѿˡ
˻ʼӽϵĶϵڹʹÿһζһɫָӡһջʱǽɫָӡڵָӡɢɫ·˴
Ȼ֮ϣǶദһӡ˵ġ
ܲɫķӡĹ忪ʼɶпֲĴףڹͻһһʱ֮䣬ȴѳǼӲǵġ
顱һƵڲ֮Ժĳ£Ǳѿˡ
һڵŨҳ壬·ԣڲͷƤĺ֮˳
ǻûȫȥǿߵԹ顣ԭѪУҪڲĴӡƬǰųˣȻûгɹ˵ġ
ߣ˻һٴʩչ˿ֲֶγˡ
˻ĴһƬɫĹֳǳԹǱѿ˵Ѫһռ֮С
˻ʵдȵĶпƵáֻ£ȻǺ˽Ӵ
֬͡˻һ͵첻ϡ
Թ鰧ţࡣиƮɳܶӡǲлԹˣӡȻǲģǲƲġͬԹɳӡƬҲǲͬģЩҡ
Ƭɳˣ˻Щˡϸ˿ЩɫƬӴҪǸǣѪ֮С
ЩӡǳĴԭǿҪɢ˵ģʱֱǿеı˳ˡȻڿٵɢˡ
Щ˳Ƭ˿߸ոսӴʱ򣬾˲飬ʮһˡѪбȵʱɢ˴룬Ǻٵġ
˻޿κεġиǶߺˡһӣ˻ʵжڵѪİ
˻Щƹˤ˵ĸоˡͼӿ˽ȣɫĹֿٵšǺѪ˹ȥƬԻȻƬڿٵʧˡ
ȥҲѪĴСˡ޶˵˽ɫĻ棬ڳ㿾ճѪ
Ѫڳ㿾øӵճ͸˳ȻɫĹâϢùЩϤеںϺܱµĹâ
ǵɫЩѿ뵽ǰУȻʲôˡ
һ鸴ӣ֪ôݡоǱȦļһ㣬Ϊǿ˲𣬵ǵͷȴ׸ˡ
˻ʿ˿ЩһУԶĺڰ֮ͷ˹ˡ
ڰҽжûзһģ˻ʵбһźɫķŽĲĵֻʣһŨĺкһŨĺɫѪҺ
˻̧־ͰȥˡɫĹâų׵ǿʢȻرԴϢɢ
ƲûнܡһŨϹ⣬ԶȻһ¡ȻһƵĽɫâˡ
Ҷʵʱ˻Щüͷ


657 ڶʳ
˻ָһɫĹâɢҶʵ˽ȥˡ
ѵģҲؼĵزˡǾҪЩ˴˶ںϵĶǿԵںϵһġ
˻ȫעӴ˶ڲĻĿơɫĹֶȼˣһֽɫա
߲ɫҺɫҺλĿ˫ǳų⣬ʮֵġǵһԪϤȻǱѪҺ˲ĥ˵ġȫԪںһ𣬻߲ʣжȡ컯Ĺܵġ
絽ЩԪأ磬硣˼ʵҲܹ˵Ԫɵġ粻ͬǣ˼Ԫضǹ˸ֵʣûɢԪС
Ҳ˵籾˵ôЩʹɵġ߲ɫȻɫѪȷҪǿġ
һѪãǲİɡ˻һŭԵЩļЩꡣ
һ㣬һ貵ĽɫָäȻʯ塣ȴûȻֺġ
Ȼɫ䣬ҪǿȡѪȻһѪҺעУ൱ڶȡȻĺô
˻ȡòֻ࣬ʯеѪҺ̵Ҫǿö࣬˻ʯġȻǴӦҶҪȻҶĥȻǲϣѵ̫˵ġ
ɫѪҺ˻Ҳʮֵĸɴҧ³һڽɫ˻ѪɫѪ֮ϡ
ִɵǿѪҺһӴ˲ȼɢŻϢ˻Сĵǹ֮У˲ȼɫѪҺһ¾ѹס߲ɫҺ˵ġ
ϢƵĻ߲ɫҺΡ˲ںһ
ͻȻһ¡һεˡƴҩ˻ʵ֮ϡ
˻һĴصûһ¡ܲƣнɫѪҺ
ǱѾһ˵ģҺ忪ʼŹתɵĶҲµɢˡһ̯ƴСĻɫҺ塣
ԭˣԭˡ˻һһֱӦĲôԭ˻ħһ㣬ҲãⵤٵˡȻĻûгɳʱ򣬿¾ͻز˰ɡ
˻ʿһɢŲϢҺ壬ûκεʧһظĸо
˻ʾЩį˻Ѿǵ۷սˡ˻ʣҲôΪġ
жΪž۷սˡΪѪеļУûκεиǿĴڳֵļ䡣һֱ˻˭ܹǿܹĵǿߵġ
˻Ҳȷʵǹֲģÿһ˻һҪǿϲٵˡ
ǻǾ̫ˡҪһܹƿأٵ˻ʣƿرԴ취
ȻǴŭϲԣǱϲԲġŸոҪҩɣûг׵ĳɹҩˣЦ٣ƿض٣ҪҶʵ컯ϲֱӰһжɱҡ֮Уһˡ
ǿǶҪӵ˻ʣصĽٷ֮£ȻûһֱӾͱˣϢʼٵʧˡ
˻תĿһҶʡпʲôԵʮֵƽ
ȻʧˣҩҺҲһЩԡܷģѪҺ޹ˣһʵۡҪڷãһ㵽Ƚ׵ʱһԵķðɡ˻ʺˣ嶼Щ͸ˣڿٵİȥ
˻ʵɳµҶʵͬʱһ̯ҩҺҲҶʳҪҶʵиѹ
ѿһµĹ˳һ˲һҩҺȥƲ˻Ѿʼ˥˵дһµ˿ڡ
ҩҺһΪһݸպǵҶʵǰҶץסˡ
ǰһӰӿٵĴ˲ȡ֮һʣµһץȥʱ򣬱Ҷʸֹˡ
ǵӰҲͣģٵ˳ѿ˵ճ˽ȥٵʧˡ
ҶʴѿУӦϢҲ˵һͻĹǴˡϣȻ׼ȷĻҩҺ˻ʡ
ǶôµĶְȻܹһռ׼ȷķġ
Ӧһֱܹ۲쵽ڲҶǵĶʱ̶עеĶ򡣲Ȼܰյ˵ĺã˵ǡôġ
ҶǶЩЩԭΪǲʳĻȸ˵ģѾǸҶһġϲ˵ġֵģӦǻȸ˰ɡǺĻöµʵ


658 С磡
㡭˻ʵıЩ֣ԶȥӰ
䲢û˵ͳ׵ˣǿս곹׵ʧˡ壬Ҳʣµļɫսһˡ
ҶʶЩɻˣ˻ʵıЩ֣֪׿ʲôˡǣһж׵ĳΪˣڿܻվ𰸵ˡ
ҶʻûлعʱԶֳһȼŵɫ塣ðŨѪζżˣٵҶʳ˹ˡ
ҶʶȻϢĶصĸӦȻһҶʾѾǸӦ˵ġȻԵƴˣȼžѪӿٶȡ˲Ϣͳ嵽Ҷʵǰˡ
ҶҲ룬һȭǰ˳ȥȻͬһȭǶصɫԪѪζҶ˹
ҶʲУõ˳ȥڵĿѪ
Ȼһץסʣµ֮һҺͷҲصĴźǿҪϵͨͨˡ
ȥոڵȻӺһȻҵĶֱҶƿڴȻ˺Ȼ˼
ǳȻһȼվѪȻǴ򲻹Ȼġңѷ죬պȻȥ֮˿ܺˣһ˿ķ϶
ҶҪ񣬵ȴֻĿţû˿İ취
ҶɣȻͻʲô֪Ӱһ·ģȻôĬء
ŭǺܷŭҶʻûʧȥǣ֪ʲôʲôġôǲġȰһѶӦġ
ҩűҶ֮УѹջҶʵС
˻Ӱһ档֮оҵȼȼյĲǶառ䶼ڻȼա
ٴγ˼˼˻֮ϡ˻建գʧˡʹٴʧʱĳУʱռУҲ֪һٻʲôʱˡ
Ҷʴͷٵǰ˳ȥҲʣϽĸϡĿռȼյøӵľˡ
Ҷǳأ·һҶǰ񻨲ûһ˿ڴƣʱܵ˻·ľͷ
дŻʮֵѡڲ·ȴǷǳļ򵥵ġҶһȫķͰõŻſˡһȺ롣
ҶǸոӳáһƬٳĿռ䣬ĳ׵ȼ
յÿռ϶Щáվеĺܶطܹһģģȼŵ硣
ҶĮȻһƬռ䣬Ͳڵġ˻ΪƴҩĿٳġڴҩ˵ˣҲ˵ʼδɡ
ǲô˵ضҪˡôģͱôĻȥˡҲõ󱻾нˡ
һƬռ䣬ȼ˼켸ҹʱ䡣ʼձӳĵһƬ졣˶һ˵龰
һЩ崫оԶ飬ܹŵĲ²Щʲôȫտڲ̸ʲô鷳󲿷ֵĻǲ֪ġ磬һƬֻ֮СΪʲôҪȴ֪ʲô顣
гʱ򣬹ǾҶǸˡһȺЩĬȻǴе
ҶѾѹƲסˡսܹƥУһƴܹǵˡ
ңմմϲĴУ˻ǰҲǲˡǴпʼʱ򣬾Ѿǰעˡ
ǾԼ˾ǱȦС󣬱ôŪôŪġҪܹҪܹо˹˵ġ
ǶˣڴС̫ˣѹ͸ࡣҪһεѡĻᣬعǶǻѡȥصˡ
һ⣬Ǿˮ񡣸˵òˣһֱ˷ŽžһУҶҲ˵ģεġ
ˮҶεķ˷ۣҲǲģǽøӵ𾢵ˡ
ҶҲ׵ˣ֮ǰˮӴģҶսҶսˮ˵ЩʲôˮҶʲ֪ˡˮҲǲ˵ġ
ҶսոʱȷʵǸӵòϢѾˮһˡˮıһ֮󣬾ֱȥصˡ
Ҷսû¶ҲҶʲôҶսԭ
ȻҶսУΪ˾ĻظһȼȻظ۷սǲˡҶʿҶսʱѾһ˵һĻ


659 ٣
ʵҶԶʱ򡣾еǿ߾ͳֹҵҶսҶսǰ
ȻҶսΪٵĸӦʲô鷢Ҷս̶ǰ硣
ͨ˻ʽġҶսȥ֮ĸоֳˡȻҵˮֻ˵ػҸҶʿˮĪĴӦˡ
ȻҶսȥУǰĺķ׼ˡһжĸоԤһģһ
ҪͷʱȻˣȻҶˡЩҶսԺĨȥ˵ģҶմȾ
ҶȻ˵ϸڲôµʲôġ
Ҷˮг֣ʵ˲ٵʵġҶǼҶƲһˣһλߵϡͰε˵ġ
ˮǵʱҶǰ档ǣˮҲСˮΪŮԵԵʣҶʹϵվҶʵߡ
ǾҲˮǵ龪ȲѵġȻԾȴûзʲôۡûӱżɵ˵˳·ġ
һȺ˵ƣһСءûйȥʲôط˫תʱȴž˫û˸Ƕӵġ
ֱҶǽˮ֮УҲһˡ֪ôͻȻôһȺǿˡ
ңЩǿߵϢȫκεһϵͬĿֲǿѹӵǿһЩ
ҶΪ״̬۷壬֧ˮˡܹˮͷϺըҶһҶƣˡ
ԪתڵѪҺ΢΢𶯣޸˵壬ָԪ
ڼ䣬ĸпֲĲٵ˹ҶʶˣⲨϢжϣԶԶġҶȻһĵˡ
ôãûһЩ̣ͿϵЩȻ˵ȥˡ
˻ʽ֪ôģӦս˲Ҷʵ壬ͬɽһ㣬߸ߵˮϷ
ǿֲϢ˻ʽ΢΢𶯣ЩʶɵĽˡȻٴεİˡ
ҶҲûٻ˻ʽȻˮϷܹһڰй۲ˡ֪Ҫ̽ҲҪ㹻ʵеˡ
ҶôһǴµʱ䡣ͷͷ˻ʽɱġ֪ǲΪ֮ǰٴѾȥ˵˻岢ս˵ԶšҲڷйʲô
ʶȫһʱ顣ˮġ
֮йˣ˻ʽˣ޼ɵɢϢˡҲûǿ߸̽ˡ
ǰˮе鶼ˡǴɽģޱȵ񽣾ͷϷɢſֲĽҶоâڱġͷ죬ˮǳ˲ҹˣΪǿֲϢ̼ôҶ˯ŵġ
˻ʽϢˡźһЩǿֲ񽣣һЩµģЩηġٺҶϰˡǵˮеһصķ羰ˡ
ºҶʵľǻָ۷״̬ˡҶЩ˷ܣо̫ˣʵЩ˵ġ
Ҷ̧ͷͷܹĶҶʱЩȻȻһΡ
Ҷʾͳˮһɫ⣬Զ˵شȥ
ҶʳȥͬʱˮеҲת˹ˡҶʾ̫ս൱ǵһԹߡ
ֻǼ򵥵Ϣһ£þˣȻͿʼ֮ǰľǱҶõʱҪ΢һЩġ൱ҶʱչأҶʻˡ
Ȼͷ˻ʽջ֣ǻǶЩôĵġ
ҶȻҪǣǻڵһʱˣſٵĸҶʳˮǵķΧ
ҶͷϷѾʼо޴ˡںڵƲ㻺Ʈ˹һֱҶʵͷϷǲ벻ˡ
֮ǰҶоѾͻ˵ģΪԳһ磬û١أӦΪҶдˣϢûдﵽ壬һֱӵڡ
ڶɽ٣ҶѾǲôµˡǱϰߵˡ뵽Ǵɵ˻屻һɢˣҶЩˡ׵磬һ˿ͿҶȥ׷˭֮ǰ˻ʵĽŲˡ
Ҷٶȷɿ죬ɽڽ¿ٵĵˡܿľͳ˻̵ĵطˡ
Ҷʶһˡһڰڰ׵ĳӣҶʸոʱĵطô


660 ɽ٣
طҶǷǳġոʱ򣬾ʱ۲һ¡ûʲộ˵ʮֵĻҶ˵һǳĶɽٵʥء
Ҷֱǰڰ׵ĳУˮվ
ҶʵľٶˮЩڡȻ˵Ѿûʲôã绹ǺһЩġԵ壬ҪԶԶĳʵʵ˵ġ
Ҷѡطɽ٣ǲˮʲôءԤ뵽ǣҶʵٿ϶ޱȵǿģʱƬܹ٣Ƕö֪ġ
ҶʻĵԼĺڴգԼ״̬۷ӣܹȫԸȥӦС
Ҷʲ˵ʱҲڿٵţƲٵı˸ž˵ĵ绡
Ʋޱȵĺʵһڵһصѹ˿ҪԶԶĵطվˣҶǧľ롣ûа취ǷΧʵ̫ˡ½ȥ֮󱻶Ķɽˡ
ͲҪ˳ɹĶȹȥˡֱҪֱӰҶĥġ룬ˮ٣ûһ˿Ŀܵġ
һҶʵʵ죬һҶԶԶΪսˮͻȻã绹뻹Ҫһеӡ
ҪҶ֪ˮ뷨ĻһġİοҶˮûʲôڵӵġ
ܵǳصϢѹȣҶʵ屾ܵɢǿҵĽ⣬һСǳصϢˡ
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䡱һ죬һɽǺƲˡҶʵķ˹ȥ
ȫɫˣʵֲ̫ˡһµپǶľˡľһСɽһ㣬ɻ֮󶼰Χˡ
ҶҶʾЩԾû뵽ε˵ľҡҶʲûжܣҲûл˼ҶҪһ£һٵжôǿ
ô˵ǰٿ϶ҪһЩġҪ֮ǰҶʶסĻǾҪǰ취ӦˡȻ϶Ҫ˵ġ
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붼ҶʵϻҶʽµĺڰɫĳСеˮڵһʱͱˡڰɫˮ졣
ǿ׵类˵£ԵģԲǧķΧд΢΢𶯡
ǵɫܲÿˣǵһεĹѾǿ˹ˡ֮أ᲻طȥУҶ˳ͦȥôȻҶʺĵģڵǶʮֵĵˡ
ˮɫҲǺܲÿġ
жôĵҶʡˮ۵һӣһ˲ûˡ֪֪ˣлôġҪ֪Լ￴ŵģȴûȥֹֻ᲻Լء
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˵һ磬ҶЩ⵹Ϊ˷ܵģеÿһϸǿĵ绡̼ˣЩƲסԼİˡ
ҶЩڣǱ׼ӳϵ·ڵһʱͳΪ˹ȥ˷ɻˡ
ؼĹǶֻģĿҶʲôطȻĻҶӦÿǴһսŵˣȻĻÿζɽپͱΧһ£鷳ˡ
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ҶĶ˶壬ϵˤ˳ȥˡðһϸСĵ绡ڵٴγ˽⣬ɢһ㽹ڡ
һˣ֮ǰҶ嶼ˣ֪Ҷʲôطȥˣòðʲôģȫ֪˵ġ
ҶٴεɢԼϢǾ˵ҶǻûġȻ嵽ǸʲôǶö֪
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ɫȭͷ˿ֲĹ˲Ͱɢ˴˵ġһΪĴҶʵ߻ֻĲ֣˳ҶʵȭͷСĲ֣Ҷ˵㲻ʲô˵ġ
һһˣٶҪ˲٣ҲҪ˲ٵġ
Ʋ㷭ңûΪǼӿٶȾͼ˹һεĹһεĺƴˡ
ɽݵģҪ˵һСɽĻǺͲϵڱҶһɽʿһ㣬ϵĳȭſһһĵ绡˸Ĵɽ
ԭתСɽ֮ϵġһ£ڰĳˮˡŵ磬Сɽƽˣȥ
ҶʼԭλãƯڿУȥûȡɵǼ档
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ѪҺֿٵȼ޸Ҷʵ˿ڡҶһֱھƤֿٵı޸Ḷ́ڲϵö۵صȻ˿εĸо
Ҷһʹţһšһδεˣֱ޸ܹоԽԽǿˣ˵Ĳλôױٴε˺˵ġ
ٵˣƲ㶼ˡڲڣͨǲõɫǧﶼɫƲ֮£ҫ˺ֵġֻҶʾЩ̫ˡ
Ҫҫ۵ɫҫ㣬ҲҶͬĸоġ
ƬƲһˣҶʸС
ȻҶ֮ǰƲ㵷һ뷨ǱϾûʵ֡ҶҲǱĳƲ֮ˡҶʵԸ˵ġ
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ҶŭˣҲôġԼĵҲøԼſšһҲҶʸŪķô
üĵĽɫС˳˵УԪ˻ʽɫС˲Ԫ֮ϣ׵˹ȥ
һ˲ͱҶʸˡһӴӵֲ׵鲼ÿһ俪ʼҶʵ塣
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ӵǿˣҲǸӵǿˡ
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ɱҶʡҴ緽Բǧذôûˡˮ񱬷һޱȵķŭ
Ҷһ㶣ȻһʱһȻʮֵĲ˼ޱȵΣǵű˵±ץסһ


662 ѱ䣡
Ҷʶɽ٣ٷޱȵǿġҶɢ˵ϵܹ˲ýӴıɷɻҵġ
οôĵȻ˵ĿҶʡǽ̫ˣҶʰеʱ򣬲ɱľӴˡ
ԭķԲǧķΧУһľ޿ӡ޿ӵıԵΪ׵ҴܣһĹ֡
ֻ¶ŵʯʯҲǱޱȵġ֮⣬ʲôûˡ
֮ǰطȻ˵ˣǲȱֲ෴ģΪطбȽϵʥûƻˡ羰ǲġ
Ҷôһиƨķ羰ڲͬǾͻͷ羰
ǸǸǸҲǹġҶʺΣҪǻһҶʲȥġˮԼ鲻ǳͲܹĺŪˡ
ҪǰעˮǷǳĲġû´һӾʲôġҶʿˮһĲӣϽһӡ
ˮһΣҪҶһ٣Ǻ򲻹ӡҶվŲˮ񶼲ܹ˺ҶʷֺġӾôţҲȷʵǸ취
ˮ˫΢гһˮɫĹĻȻһ׳ˮĻκʱ䣬ͰǸӶˡ
ʱضҵˡֹǵҡΣ綼ھҵҡΡ
ҶʣڸʲôˮŭǳҶʡ
ʲôûɰҶʾЩĪģԼúõվôĪֱǳء
㣬˭ôõҡεôءˮŭһ˫ÿ۾ĶҶʡ
ˮ֪УֻҶʲôǿõҡεô֮ǰҶʲǧﷶΧڵһʧóΪ˹ȥֳˮԵһʱ뵽Ҷʸɵˡ
ҡԽԽˣҶΪ˱ֱˮǰˮĸӦҶʵϢ
ȷʵҶģҶҲûʲôϵҶҲ֣ô飬⶯ʵЩ̫һˡ
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ꡭԽԽңҲԽԽܼ
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УصҡҲԽԽҵġ
ҶͻȻһȻһȵڿն
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ҶʵĴȻ˵Щ⣬ǲûжʲôֱӸҶʳ
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ϣҶڵطĵطҲͬ˵ġеصĻҽӳ˴Ƭյġ
һ£Ҷ֪ˣ϶ʲôõ鷢ˡغھҵĲھ
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Ҷ֪ˮڵˮеİΣҲϻˮˮ˳ȥˡ
һ·ϣĶǴڲϵݣҽϵ緢ߵ˾ͷղȶڿٵĸһ
ʱҶǶоǿĲԵĸӦһ£ȵĹĴڡ
ҶʾЩϤһԼչصʱҶʾ͸оˡЩʶ̽
˻ʽԴӱɵ˻ץй󣬺һЩ仯ҪһЩˡȻ޷ЩǿƥУǽһʶǿеˡ
ЩǿĲ֣ȻΪҶġԸҶʻĲѹġ
Щǿ߸ʩֶΣ˵ĲƵ磬ס˼ǣһ˿ľ
ˮǣȻǲҪ˵ġ˻ʽɢ˵Ľ⣬ǶСǲࡣ
ҶǳʱˮǵΧȫˣֻһˮǶΧѿĴأѾҽˡ
ллˮתҶʩһⲻΪˮûлٻΪˮе顣
Ҫ֪ôµر仯ˮڳУҲ޲ģ޿κΡ
ҪҶʵ˻ʽסƬռ䣬Ͳˣеܹ٣һδ֪ˡ
лңʲôûҪǾʵҪлȻܵĻȥл˻ʽɡҶʱͦ˵ģǹؼʱѻǲġ


663 㣡
ĺܳһʱ䣬仯ûֹͣġԭĴɵص׳ҽ档ҽȴֱ˼ӲڵĴء
ĿжɢһЩǵζ̱ǡԭľɭɭĴزˣȫһƬڵɫ
Щط緢ҽͷŵص
ҲôˣǦɫкܶϸСĿڿƯ
иųѷ죬޷պϡܹеռгŰš
һڶָɽᴩЩǿߣֹ
һڶָɢǿҵĲɢգֱӾͰǳǿռȥˡ
׵ָ֮ϣһӰԻ˳Уޱȵá
Ҷǻǵһʱ͸ӦˣǾԾɽصĺˡһڶϹҲͬģʱѹס˼ͨ
ؾޱ䣬ǶϹҲ˳ˡȻʲôҪģõӰԻ˳ӵ֤ʵҶе뷨˵ġ
עһеǿ߲٣нʣļУ˺ܶǿߣš
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ش䣬˼ķӡҲǷӡסˡ˫ԼΪֹսǺͺá㣡ǶָϵӰڴȣ硣
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ȵನе˵شûзʲôֱӾ˺ա
Ѿ˵ĺˣսǺͶǣ⣬˵ĻףõӰǳİӵһڶϹǾͶסھͿɼһˡ
Ҷʷǳϲǿߣ̫ˡҶʾúԼķ緶ֱҶʵż񰡡
ѾˣҾͻȥǵĴˡӰ˵仰ȻǶϹ֮ˡ
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ԣɱȥ
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ʤˣǶǲʤܹʣٵûлȥĻᣬЩ˵ġ
ҶȻҲ뵽һЩģǻЩΨ²ң߾ˣ˼ˡҶǾ÷ǳˬģоǴʤһ
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ղôĸˣһ˷ܡҾĶˡˮȻǲҶʵĹģֱӾʹҶʵĻѻ
Ӵһֱ۲ңȻôճ鶯һ¶㿴ǸˡҶʺûе飬ô˵ҶˡȻСӣʵʵء㶼ˣҷһˣߵʱҵĶ
ҶȻĲǣûʲô飬˵ˣҶȻġʱ򲻰Ȼ汳ǻҪȵʲôʱء
ϡһҵĽҶʵĶжֻʣ˵ˡ
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һֻϹȻұɵ͵ϮҡҶʴŭתԪȥСûġ
Ҷʿˮһ˲Լֺ˵ġֻǸǿϹŶʵ
ǰɽеǿߴ̼ĲУ͵ϮҶʣҪйһ¡˻ʽסˡ
ҶȻŭţǷǳķŭǲɵһߺһ˻ʽȥ󱳽Ŀ˻ʽҶžһЩ
ߣһߣһ
Զ磬εҶʳ˹
Ҷʻûʲô˻ʽ΢΢һһ貵ĽԶȥȥ
ɫĽһڿл˷ɻҡȥƲ˺ǹĵط˹ȥˡ


664 ˼磡
˻ʽһǺŭһԷε˻ʽǲˬңԷĶǽ
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Զ˾˵ϢǿȫıҪҶʳ˹ˡ
˻ʽҲǵת˽⣬ңңָǰաһ㶼ûо£һսָߵ͵̬
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ļǿߣҲǻơⳡͻ־磬ôĪճˡ
ҶȻ˵ǱһЩˣǺһЩõĶЩˣ񶼾ԼܸɳһЩʲôһȻҶʾĪģлЩˡҪ֪˶ԼǿأôĶ˵ġ
ôļνͣҶʲôȤû˵ġˮдŲˣÿǳԷ˯еʱ͸Ӧһصı仯
Ԫ仯˺ִܶ࣬ԵԪڿٵϡҶϤ˼ԵԪĺڻıࡣѾʺʹ˵ġȻϵĳ⡣
α仯Ӧþǻϵ˰ɡĻԪصĺԵǱö˺ܶˡ
⣬ҶҲ֪һڶϹϵӰߵʱ˵ʲô˼ˡ˼ϣû˵ģֱӵʧˡ˼磬һˡ
һ۵ĿռϣһܴĽһУֻҪǽݱԾ£Ȼܹ˼ˡ
ǰͨе簡ʲôģȻҲû˵ġҶҲһˣҪǻȥҲٰһεˡ
Ҷ֮Դô졣ҲΪˮĹϵ֪ΪҶԭ򣬻ΪЩǿ߲ϲˮԼߵ̫ԭ򡣷ûһ˹ʹˮߵ˵ġ
Ҷţ˻ʽҲ⡣ܹˮסһˮǣסˮǵ顣Ƕѵһչˡ
ȻĻҶҪ˼ˡֵôĴ󣬲֪˼ʲô˼ûͬɽôˣôˣҶʻЩĵˡ
ֹ˴µʱ䣬鶼ѾʼȥӦµĻ˵ġڼ䣬ҲһֱûзʲôˡҶҲǷˡ
ˮ񣬸ǳ˲ٵ飬ﶼллҵˡˮҲûʲôˣǴϻ˼翴һ¡ˮУҶˮˡ
Ҳ֪Ұ㲻ٵæ˰ͻȥɣ綼ͨ˵ģҪ㲻СĹͿˡ˻ʽϣһʱġˮҲͿҶʵ˼ˡҶʲֹһεǿռǱ߷ˮǿ˵ģҲ֪ΪʲôҶʲû̵뿪ԭ¾Լйء
˻ʽû⡣ҪĻҲܹɲǼٻġʶôˣһֱˮˮĽɡ֪ˮıʲôҶʷǳˬĴӦˡ˻ʽһʱҲʲô¡ҶҪʱȷʵܹƾصĸӦɲǼٻġ
ҶΪ㲻ˡʶһ£ҽˮ顣ˮЦģҶ΢΢һЦ˵Լ֡
ҽҶʡҶһĻشţȻԼЦˡ
ô嵭˲٣Ҷǵˣٵĸ˼硣оЩ˼ͬЩ鷢һ
һȫûκεΣɢԼϢӿкХֱӳĽ㴦
ҶʻЩпģոʱ򣬴ǷǳĲһ˵İʱ±ʶݣ±˻ΪԼеˡ
һȺˣҲǿµսˡǿ߲ʱҶǾ޵еġҪǿ߳ˣҶʻȫ渴˻ʽҲֵܹסġ
Ȼ֮ǰ͵ϮҶʵ顣ЩǿȻǲٶҶʳ˵ġôĲ˳ۣҲֻǵûпһֻ۱һֻҲ͹ȥˡ
Ҷȫٵ£Ľ㴦ܿľ͵˵ġռ䲨ʮֵأĶѻһ𣬵ֵȶġ
վǱԵشͺһ͹ƽԭһ˼һ鰼ȥ˵ƽԭĽ㴦ûΪĿռӹ˵ԭֲïʢûбߵĴ䲨


665 ߽ìܣ
ҶǸոոϵԵش;ЩԾĲһ¡
Ǿʹҿһ˰ˡ
ߣ˼ʿϢŸʲô
Ц˼ĵطϢ˵Ǵǡ
ʲô˼ĵطҲĵط

˫һԲϣȻͿʼˡҵײбӵڶġ
ҶǶһۣȻս
ҵսͻȻһɫӰȻֽĳһȺˡ
ˣҶһȣԪ
нֵ˶Դһ£ȻڵԪһͣϵĹҲͬʱͣˡ
һ֣һܿµǿߡ뷨ڳÿһ˵е鶼ǸϽˣվţĶš
ʣ˻ʽˣҶǰһˮɫĳʹɻĿҶһۣСĿѯʡ
ҶʣɲʲôǰҶһ㶣û뵽ԼҲôĳˣԼǲôǰ¶İ
ҶҶǰһ·ϴΪʦΪǿһǰҲӦõġˮϵʹǳĹû˳ҶʵݳĸӾġ
Ҷʲ֪ǣԼˮǵΪˮϵġҪûҶʵ˻ʽˮǶһѿˡ
ΪҶʸмˮ̸ҶʵľͷǳĶࡣҶ֮ǰһЩ飬Ҳھˡ֪˾֮ǰˮðʲôߵĺ˵ˡ
֮ǰҶʺϻӹģ˴ǵ鶼˳˵Ҷ٣ǹĴҡ
ǱӵȫҲĹٷǻˣÿӵĶǳĶࡣѾججĴʱˣʲôƢûˡ
߲ܣֻҪп⣬ƣһ죬ܹ㽲ġȻǼһЩ;˵ˡ
ʲôҶ˼ʥ˻ʣϲָҶȿѵġǷ˻Уϴ˻ı⣬˴һ衣ǻǲ֪֪ϻű¶׵Ҿˡ
Ҳ鹦ҶʿӲˣһЩҶʵ顣Ҫ֪˹ĲãͿˡĶҶʹޱȵķ飬ơ
飬⹶ٶҶʸжµˡҶʰһȴָһÿҶʣٶҪΪҶʵʵͽˡ
ˮϵ飬Ȼ˵ġȻͻһ̳ƣҪһҶʵĻ⿴ҶʣȻǵһʱϳˡ
˻ʣҶʣ˵ɽͻƵʱ򣬱ôôˣ
ǰҶʲô
˰Ҷʸϳˣ˼˷Ǿ÷ǳԻ󡣲ûϳҶʣΪҶˡ
Ҷһͷĺߡ˭ųȥҥءôôĺݶ˵Լˡ
죬űˡԣ뱻ûлġҶһͷ亹˼ʿҶ仰Ҳ˵ûٲ˵˵ûһ츳û㡰չмӡģǲٹ˵ġ
Ӧˣ㿴ǸǲսǵĹŸ衣ŸЩƵģܾǰóĹ档뵱һȺˡУһ˵ԼҶʣӦôˡҶȻ˵˱ˡ
˼һʿǸ죬˵Ͳġ˵Ļ³ӵĲ۲ǿ۾⣬Ҷʵߵˣ²Ҷʵݡ
ҶĺˣЩʲôʲô۲ûϳԼ˵ǺҵıԼȻԼñˣƵ˵һЩʲô
оҶʵƣǱˡʵҶʵѱĵһǵصĹţҪǶûзӦǲ񾭴ˣв񾭶ûУΣûΡ
Ǹ˵˵ʲôһЩʲôҶʲ˼һȺˣȻͬǸҶʵĵһӡ󲢲ôĺáתͷ֮ǰԼǸˮϵʹ
ˮϵʹûһһʮĸҶ˵ˣҲûʲôġ
䣬Ѿˮϵ鲻ǺӦ˵ġеˮԪؾԪҲǺ˵ġҪ΢ȵˮϵ鲻Ӧ
һֱˮǵķΧУҲ̫˵ġЩܣҪѰһʵĵطȻͽѰ硣


666 һԴʹ
ҶȻĻϵ黹Ҫùһ㡣Ƕˮϵʹ˵϶һּ尾
ȻѰ磬ûзʲôʵĵطȻǰͷתԵشˡ
Ȼҵ˱ԵشеģΪռģ쳣ļ̵ģһƬռõı
ֲïܣ£Ȼû¶ˮԴǿĿҪʪöȥ˵ġ
Щ鶼ʮֵ⣬ʹﳣסˡ
û뵽˼ʿˣȻ˫ȻģܹѪľͷ˳ͻˡȻҶʳˡ
Ҷǰߵİɡˮϵʹ֮󣬾ͿҶڳĬڷҶʶˮϵʹСʵ
ŶûУᡣͨˣҲ˵ֹ黥Ǿס°ɡǣҪ˺ˡҶ룬Ȼ󾯸š
û⣬û⡣Բ۸СġˮϵʹϽͷӦš
һȺУˮϵʹӶࡣҶˮסһʱ䣬Щ˽⡣ˮϵȻһЩСǱԲ㻵ԸȽϵºͣй鷢
ҪǻϵطҶľҪĿһˡ
ǹ˵ҶԶ˼ʿߺţǸϽĹ
һȺҶͬ壬ҲûзʲôɣҶʵߺҪġ
ҶʲҪطķ̫ʱ䣬һȻԶĴȺʿϽƨƨߵ˹ˡ
ҶʶЩǸӵĲˣúõ˵ǲҪǲˣȻȺ˲ʵʵҶɽϿεʱʦ˵һ仰˵㻹ЦƤ
Ժ׼ɧˣûС˼ѾȫĹͨˡҪ㶯ˣǵ鷳ˡҶʺĵѵ
ȻѾΪʵǰһһھȥϡͨʿԶûа취棬ҲͲʲôìܵġǣѾӵˡֻİ취ˡ
ǵˣҲȥҵѾˡʲôµġ֮ǰҶݵļһֱڿˡ
˵ĻǰɡǲҪȥǣǰľʹˡҶŭˣĶһЩʲô˰ҪԼǲͣġ
ҶҲûס̧ľǿڵļһԴûһ¡ҶʿԱ֤ʵ˵ġǻֱӱҶʸ˹ȥˣǿѪ
ֱͬӵȥˣǿѪϢҲ΢ˣʱƨһһȺսսûиҶʹ½үүģЩȼ䶼˻ˡ
ģǶģɱңɱҡаʮĸһŮҶʣŹҰɡſӵĸҶʸˣɥҶְ̧ͷˡ
ˣûעִ硣ûȥɸһصľͿˡ嶼ܹǺƽʹҲǸ̵ôͲܶൣһµءҶüͷǳĲˬ
Щ˿Լı飬Լ˵һҶҪܹˬǲ˹ˡ
뵱ͬӣҲҶļƻôȴҶòУأҲһܹһ˵ġʹǶһԳôôͲһˡ
õģõġǾǶԴͬһԴʹһƽġڣȻҶ˵ʲôǾ˵ʲôˡǳûйľʹӦˣʮֵĸɴࡣ
ˣ߰ɣ˳һ£ôһ׼ҶʲͷĻ˻֣ʾǿˡ
һȺƨƨߵľ׿ˣʮֵĸɴࡣҪˣͻᱻҶʸץȥˡ
ҶһñܵǶͣס˽Ųûˤ
ôˣҶɥָ֪ıʲôעˡ
ҲߡҶָŵϱԼ˵ĵùüͷϵ͹͹ͣġ
һԥ֮Ⱥ߳ˣСҶ˹ҶǰСĶҶʵ۾ʲôԾġڵϺҵţкüζŵ˵ıǿȥˣָѪ
һһֻ֮ץסתܣһǳɡĶһµģǾǧһ㡣
ߡߵġһץһֻ֣Ŀ񱼣ǵù°ڵĦġײһСʯͷ΢΢ĵһ¡
ǣҪ־͹ԼùɡҶǵùĬˣôܻȥҪһƤġ°ûãⶼö֪ˡ


667 ˼羪䣡
򵥵Ľ鼸䣬ٴεôһڶԷı֤˲֮ҶһҲͲͣˣϽǰȥ
⽻㴦Ǻܿľͱ˳ˡ뿪˼̫ˣҶиԵҪȥġԾڱ߽紦ͷֿˡ
һУҲֻҶˡҶ涼ҪضȥʵνûʲôطȥģһֱҶʡ
ȥķΪµıһ·ȻҶ滹ʾ·ˡ
Ե˫ռӵĵشֻǧֱСġҶǺܿľͳ˳ȥˡ
ܿģҵɫˡ
֮ǰΪڱԵشïֲܵڵסߣԶԶĵطһ͸о÷ǳĶӡȵģҲǳĴ̱ǡ
澹ȻͬˣĹ֣Żȵҽ緢
Щ֮ǰѾǿһεˡǣ磬ϾǱ˵ĵ̡ҶʶǸطû̫ĸ飬ȫˣҶҲʹġһĪĿС
˼粻ͬոտҶʣ˼мĸ顣ԼѣΪ˼Ƭ½иġ׻˵ѲԼҵĹѣ˵ľˡ
Ҷʵˣ֪ôˣǿɻá֪ɽôˣû֪ܵԼСôˣǲǻԭòУ֪˿ôˣûмĿޱӡ
ҪȥսǰɡѾˣڸŻȥ÷ģǷ˵ġƺǿҶʵĵǣڣ˯֮ǰŸ轲һЩҶսǵ顣֪ҶҲǣҵһġ
ˣضҶҧҧǾȻȥһ
ʶǶĿҶһۣ֪ҶٴҧͷȷϣŴ·
˵ѾˣȥսҲ޲ġοǶѾȥִˡҶʵĸҶʵϵĵطģҶʶӦȻضȥһ
ڵģʱд׳绬䡣ȫȥ˵ģɼסֻĲֻͦһһġ
Щطлĵҳ𣬳ǧ׵ľ롣ӳΧһƬĻġ
һ·ķУҶǵľͲϵ³ġûмһƬõصġʲôֲʲô鶼ûˡһƬšڵĻвʱ׵ӳ£ԵøӵĻˡ
ǰڸӦ˲һϢˡĿֲһ޼ɵɢԼϢ
ҶýˣžЩϤɽط˵һεԵ˵ģҶʣҲǼǵ÷ǳ˵ġ
ǰŵɽУԼԼһӴĺڳ˫ֲĺ⣬ɨҶǡ
ѸٵɨҶʣһ͸û˺ǡҶʸо嶼ȫĿ͸ˣоЩ
ǰǲ޶⣬ֻ·˵ء֪ô£˼ôҲ˴ıʡҶһѯš
Ҷʲ˳ھˣû뵽õʲô𰸡
Ϊʲôᷢıʣйءˣ߰ɡҲ˵һ·϶ܹҶʵϵǣصĺĿڻشˡ˵ѺãҲ̫
ң˵Ҷһӵġ֤ʵǶϹϳֵһõӰӣӦþغǵȫ̬
Ҷ΢΢õĺǾһȻٴڿնԶȥˡ
ýˣɵĸˡҶʿĸӵĶˣǸӵĳԾˡǺǵǰסɽ١ɽΧķΧڣȫûһ˿ƻ
ֲ̲ïʢиֶּ䴩
ǿߣסΧһУһ˿ľ
ֻǲ֪ĽǲҲӵġ֮Ҷʣ棬ҪһЩˡ
Щǿڣ˼绹ȫ˵ġ
ȻǷһЩǻǵɽİΣҶǵٶȲûмǼӿˡôıʣĻ̵̻ġʱȥɵǸ˴һ˿ǵο塣ôҰһЩġ
ֱɽȥġ·Ͼɽ֮ǰû뵽ģ֮⣬һ·ϲûʲôľ˵ġ۵ȫǺڰҽżһ͹ʯ
Ȼ󣬾ֻΪˡ


668 ͷöĴϣ
ȫٵķУһʱ䣬ҶǾʹ˻ˡ
Ҷǲϵسɴķİ취ôٶȡͳԲˣһĵҶʵϡ
ɫЩ԰ףɫǲÿû˵һķϻһֱǿţΪ˾ĸϻ˵Ǵû˵ɽġ
ҶǿԪǲġĺķ£ҲЩԲ˵ġ
ڿɽǰ˵ʱҶ滹һʣҪ˵ġǿҵиҶ۾Щʪˡ
ɽΧķΧûлٵϸ̽һ£ֶһЩϢɽһΪЩնϵϵЩɽһˡ
ɽΧȻ˵˿Ҳ٣Ϊһȫܹбϵġʲô׼ķͽǲҰġ
أ˿Ȼ࣬϶ûڵôĿŵġ˿ʮӡкЩ˼׵
ʱܹȺзִӵܵ·ʿȺд󣬴ְһЩæάһ
Щǿģѱ䣬ܶطȥˡһֱʲô׼ļ壬Ǻζġ
ǴϿȥˣǲеĵȥԮһЩȻǰط
ɽɢŵĹԣܸƽеļꡣɫĻ£һ˿Ĺůһɽ˵ġ
ҶͣڰУûʲôڣܿľͱϵ˷ˡ
Ӱӡ
ҿˣһӡ
ѵҶʡ˵ҶôôֳˡԱߵ˭أ
һֱ˵ҶûһֱڱҥһǲšԱߵģȻˡ˵ôʱûг֣ȻǴҶһȥʲôȥˡ

ҶǵĶǺεȵģǲȥҲܹϵ˵ġ
ҶЩô˵Լˡ˲µıȽϿסԼɴȥˡ
Ҿܵ⸽סԵģǳԵġֻҪڣͲѹǡȻѾˣͲò˵һ䳡滰ˡſھ
˵һ䳡滰Ҷʵ˵ͷʣԪ˺˿ռ䣬ֱӳɽϡ
ʲôҪȥĹأȻľͱҶǸӵˡǳʱȻҪǳ취Ĵ˵ġ
ʱæýͷöģؾޱ䣬ĪġȻɽڲͻȻ˿ֲĹâסƬռ䡣ɽΧľ붼ٵġĹҲͼӴˡ
ÿ춼ҪǺܶ飬ô˵ĳԺ˯һ򵥵ġ
Ȼ鷳ǴϻûкԼµľǾڴѱĳڣɽֲסˡȻͷǳϵǲʵǿеӣȥӪΧ񡣴ȻҲȥ˵ġ
˵ո˵󣬴ȥľԶ˲ж٣ܶһһػصģѴϸڵĲˡ֪ƣˣ֪ȫȥˣҲҲˣŻɽ
ǸȻˣôãǾǸ鷳ˡɽô˷Ų°ңеӵܿ϶кܴ
ȻϾӪص뷨Щով˴ѣ˽ҲǹĶ飬ûʲôסǹȥˡ
ԵĶṩģʿһʵܹԪԼģܽʡٵʳԵ⣬ҲռʱĽˡ
ѵõһЩĿеʱ䣬سԺĴºȲ裬Ϣһ¡滺һ½ŵ񾭡
Ȼ󷿼еĿռѿһӰ
ۡһڲոպûü¡Ͼͷ˳ˡˮԼһǵġ
ϣôõ°Ҹһ͸ұôһֺϷҪҿأҪҵİҶһӣĽǰˮȫҶʸȿˡ
Сӣ㰡ˡףͻˡϺܿľͻعˣҵĲ˲ǵˮգһϲĿҶʡ
Ҳѹִϻô˷ܡʱ䣬ͬεҶʵġҶСӹӶࡣϳ룬Сӻ᲻ദܺõİ취ȹǰѹصءȻ룬Ҷûлôһͷ϶ҶҲǹ˵ġ
ȿȡ£ɫЩҲסһֱҶʵԱվţȻôûб֡


669 ߣ
úˣԼҶʾǰųֵġܹҶ̸ʱ䣬ȻûзԼĴڡ濴ǲôġ
ͻȻãԼʱѾȥˡҶȺ˵Ķ˵Ҷôôġ˻ᵽġ
ҲȷʵӵġϾǱȽϾԶ˵ġʱڵ˶ǲ˵ġֻҶʵĳɳֻҶʵľȻǶҶʵʵ봫ŸӵĸȤһЩˡ
Ҳ˵İ˿ֿǰȻǿ˵ġҪⶼǳ۾Ϲ˵ġ
һˣɫӵĲÿˣھһ´ϵ˵ǡ
ϲôһĻǻνġôһ䡰˰ֱŪҪϵģʲôأԼ͵һ
ƹ˴ϣݵ˴óľеϡʼ˱Ŀˡ
ôˣϻûлعûǵȥ棬ֻСҶˡ
Ǻǣû¶̫˰ɡҶʺǺһЦȻ֪ʲôˡû˵ǲǸµô
ҲǣɫܲáúõϢһ£һǴˣټ̸ҲûлɣһɫٿҶͬһľݡȻ̧߳ӣ˳ֵİѷŹˡ
ϲôҶҲҪһ䰲ӵġʵ̫ˣҶĶҪֲסˡ
ţͷ´ϣֱϾѾ˳˯ˣڵԪеתǶҪɺ˵ĵ
ҶǺЦ涼һˣôСҡҡͷҶҲ͵ϥˡ
ҶԪۿɼĳ̶ȣڿٵҶڵйע˹ȥ
ؾޱ䣬Ԫûм٣ǸӵŨˣӵʺˡԪҲ˲֪ٱԶԶû֮ǰ͵ˡҪСĵѹƣա
Ҷ˵ʲô֮ǰģҶʸϲڵԪҶʵǿᣬһԪʶĳҶ˵㲻ʲôġ
Ȼڴ˵ϲޱ֮ǰصġ˭ҶĽġңػҲʵͷ۵ġ
ԭ˳˯棬۾ҶһۣȻֱˣ˯ԼĴ
Ǵ׳񱩵Ԫɽע˹ȥ澰һһҹġ֪ʱһ֮Ҷٴε۾Ԫֹˡ
Ҷͬʱ۾ġƿ˷ţһŴӣʳɢ˵ζһЩʳԪӳһƣϵĲġ
֮⣬һڴССĳϹһԣҲ֪ǵ˶õˡ
֮󣬶΢΢ĳ湪Ǹ˵ġ
ҶʸϽһߡЦԿ˿ռǸʱӦҪģöòʱҪòˡ
ˣҶСӣҹλͷҸȳģһôˡһѰҶʸ˻ˣվ
ĶҶûκεġ˵ҶһҲǿԵġ
ˣҲ߿ɡһȺΧʲôӡһߣҳԶòζ˵ġ϶Χ˻֣Щͷӡ
ҵиˣһķԸһڳٴεʩһ
ߣץһɫĿȣһ߿ʳţһ߳ŴٴεĻ֡
Ҷ˼ڿˮˣ֮ǰһڳϾǰҶҲ˼˵ġֱת뿪ˣܲ˵ҶʷҲƵ˵ϣץŶ
Ҳֱ˵ϣһץһֻһұһڵĴõˡ
ȻԵĲˮ񣬳ԵĻǱȽϵεĶˡǾ˼ĶʳĻвģ˶ܹӦġοǸһ磬ǲˡ
ԵǣôһЩҶʳԵúܲġⶼҶʳϰˡ
磬ÿԷʱҶǸ˼һеġҶԼһԼᣬ⻹ԣ治СҶûҵ˼õĵƷ
νɸΪ֮οҶֻ֪ԣƲʳĴ˵ĳԻǾ͸ӵΪˡ
ϵҶʣһ㶼͵ģԱ˳Ժ˲


670 ޴У
ϣͬûһġһ㣬ҶѾǼʶ˵ġ
ʲôСڷǷʱԡڷϣǾԲܵġûмѹ㣬вˣǾǶˡ
ҶҲǲ֪ģûԷʱЩŤӡץһѵĶԼȥҸųԡ
Ҳ¡Ҿһʳ浱ȻǲͬģϴʾܾˡĥҶǵļ֣һ
ȻҶʾ֪ʲôǷˡҪ˵ƽռ䣬ϿһüĿˡϣǾһɷ󺺡
㿴˵ģȥˣȻһת۵Ĺ򣬾ͱȥˡҪ˵ˣҶʿϵĶ˵ġ
Ȼÿε˳Էʱ򣬴ҾͶ׿ˣվڵϣһֻŲϣڲᡣһٷڵľһս
־ѧʩչ˳ˣпƣûǲƻԪĿЩкܺõĶġ
ʱսһεĴˡ˫ǺܾûгԹ˼ʳˣѾ˵ġ⾺뵱ļ˵ģ˫ͲûȫԷȥк˵ġҶʲûаſȥ˵ġ
ԪĿƸӵľҶʶĿƸӵľ˫˵Ƕһ൱ġ
ҪΪߣܹˮ㰡ʲôġǼֱǿЦһõԸʳʱ򣬻ܹʵĶʿҪöʱ򣬵һʱߡ
˵һٷԵǴģҶ涼ܹԱġľͼһЩи
ǺˡڳԷʱԹǼ˵ġǰҶһʱҶȻ˵ԶͣǻһָʵġڵҶʣԷʱ򲻽ֶʣһٷʵļʳǲ˵ġ
ԪĿƣǰ޹˺ߵİԽԽ˵ġһٷҶҶԵ̾
СٸҴ۵ġĿƣҲ¯ˡһУĲ֪˭ܹѹһͷˡһѾкܶ˶Ķ˵ġҲǷǳ㣬ĺŲˮЦǺǵҶʵԴһ¡
ʻϣһѰűҶ©ʳһᡣҵʳҪϽĶ˾û˵ġ
ʳԵûûζģֻ˵ڳԶӡ
ҶǼʵĹάĺҪһһµˡ
Ҳֻ롣ʣֳɹĵ˵ģһ򲻹ġ
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ҶʱǲȥģӲǱˣƲǳԺĲһڳ͵˵ġ֮󣬾һͬﾲĵŵˡ
Ϊ֪϶ǻѯһģ˽һ˼״ɽ״
£¡ҶŽˣϴͷȫվˡ
ߵ˾еԤλ¡ҶҲվһߣûλ˵ġû뵽Ҷʹİɡ
ڴҶЩã֪λãҶʼվŵʱҶҲ˴ҵѴˡԼʱĽ
ҶҲֱȥǻ˴ҵΡ
Ҳܺ棬ȥ絽ЩʲôҶС˵ˣ֪ҪĶġ磬СӱһŴڴĿ⣬֪Ҫ˽ʲôġֱӿھͰҶʸƳˡ
˵һֱڣ֮еģҶʾȳҲûоʲô̫顣ҶʣһֱǽĴڣ˽Ŀ϶ҪһЩġ
ĻҶʷ˷ۡҶǲôϲֽ˵ġ涼ô˵ˣҶҲûа취ӲҪԼǴİɡ
ҶҲûʲôģѳתؿʼȥˮǣȻǹǵᣬ֪ءȻֽеһЩ
Ҷʽʮֵƽ˵һ˵һһ㶼ĶǡǾƽҶ֪е¡˵ߴһͻٲĵز˵ġ
Ҷȴͦˡ˲زĵطҶĵزĺܲˡ
֪ҶʵľҲҶһ˵ġҪ֪ÿһҶһĴ˵ġ
ҶҶʵǵƤĹ۵㣬Ǹı˲˵ġ


671 ˼ĸ֣
ҶȻ˵ǽߵüƽģȴû©ֺľҶʵƽ£ܿľͽˡ
˵ҶʾĵȴţŴŴҷʡҶҲʱش𡣷ûʲôӵԼ˵ˡԺҶǻమģﻥһˡ
ȻҶʴҶս˽˲ٵˣ֪ԼǾҶʶҶս˵ҶʣҶսҵĸס仰˵ͬĹáҶӵܣˡ
˺ˣҲʵòˡǸøһ˼˰ɡһֱû˵ȵûѯҶˡſڡ
ɤӣȻվʼĽߡ
ûл֮ǰУԴΪġϳѱĳڳ־֮⣬һֱɽС
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ڴҶΪ˼ô군˵ʱ˼ɹ⡣Զסһ˼粻ڳ׵ݡ
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˳Ծɽһζɽչֳ˿µһ档ĹâĲԶԶǿκһġҲɽΧĴΪαȱĵط˵ĵ
ʱɽĿ£˺ܶˡеĹɽеǿߣſֲ˹ɽ̽顣
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󣬵صĲµȶ֮һھ޴İ׹ǳ磬Уܶ˶ǿ˵ġûйãһڰ׹˺ջˡ
һʱ䣬صı仯Щһֱɽ¶ˮĽı仯˼ҴǾĪġĻ̵̻ġ
Ҷ֮üͷġ˿ڣ˵ҪһЩңڼ֮ֻΧĻٻأԱġ
˼ͲˣȻ˵󲿷ҲУǻкܶס˵ҪҺܶ˵ġ
ܹܣϾôıʡ˼綼ȫˣܱô඼ǲˡ
˵ˣ˼ֲֻǡֻֻսΰˣҪһЩȻһЩǻд˵ġ
һϢˣ˼ʧǱ͵ˡ
̫áɽ˵Щ˵ĳԷҪΪˡ֪ôһ˵ˣҰ죬촽Ȼһף̵
ҿʲôô֪Ƕ˵ҶСӵĹӶôҿң۾һֱҶǱ߿ֱͺˡǳĻ˻ֱ֣Ӵ˴еСžš
ҶһΣôʲô鶼ԼءԼֲͨʲôģҲʲô鶼ܹİɡ
һڴӡҶʻ롣ɽΧǰͲʲôأڰһЩطɸأǿԵġҲϾͳİʳһ鰡
ˡǰСӣһƬܴɭ֣ȥɱһЩҰޣժһЩҰӦһЩʱ䡣ں飬롣Ҷһʱ֮䣬Ҳֻô취ˡ
˶һȻڸǲ˵ʧ䡣Ҷ취ȷʵǺãֻܽһʱ±⡣


672 ȥȣ
Ҷ취ܳЧôˣ쿿ΪĻٿɭ֣ǻᱻҶǸɱɾġ
ǴҲȷʵ벻ʲôõİ취˵ģֻܷԸȥ֯ȥȥˡ
Ҷ뵽ɽѳһֵĸأҲͬ뵽˵ġңѾʼжˣӶѾȥ˵ġ
һۻᣬ̫ԲľͽˡȻҾͶ뿪ˣȥæԼ飬ѹȥɽӴֿ֯ٵתˡ
ڴ΢ʧҶȻҲǿ˵ġиƨİ취ҶҲˣֲԴȻһЩֲʲôȫ֪ȫܵġܹ뵽취Ҳ̫һİ
ȵļ죬ÿȷʵܹģṩĴװʲôģһ࣬ҲԸ˺ܶˡ
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ҶÿҲԼ֣ȥɱһЩҰζԸ㣬ԺúȺõġڴҵļҶҲ۾档
ǶǲֹһεĶҶ̾˵ģҲֲҶʡֻǶҶʵһЩˡνԽߣʧԽ
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ˣʱ䣬ʱ䡣ʳ죬˷˳ʲô֮⣬ҪʱôҶͻȻһԼš
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ȥȥҶվ壬һƬſϵĻҳһ߶˵
ȣȥû˭ǸطȥġȥȥƤӶû̧һµģ˵
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ҶһСƬСΧĿռ䶼˹ˣеȻûܵ˵ġ
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ҶûлشֻץšҲˣҶƣôĶԼȥˡܲˣȥܵġ
˴Ƭڵģʲôûе򡣸ԶܹһƬھȵıӻµˡ
ľȣеʱĲɲֻھвеˡʱһƬռΧĲţסΧһСҲΪصƬ򱣴ġ
ƬϣҶʾͰʸſˡˣҲʻȥ˵ġ
ҶصصԼС⿴һ£ԶԶģûнȥšȻһεĴңǴҵಢûбơ
һǸø͸ģĸԵĴԡ
ԶмȥţǡԵû֮ǰôķḻԼһеʿɱҲ˲С鷳
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ЩȻתͷһҶʵݣȻȻĵ˵ͷתٵĸҶˡ
ûʲôԿˡҶʴʣֱ˺ǰܿľͳ˾ȵΧˡ
ǰҶʡҶڸոմ߳ȵķһ˹ˡ
ҶʶһǱˣǸˡһëѩٲİԳԼĵѾǱȵĹ˵ġ


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Ҷ֮ǰ¹ԼģԳһҶʷĲٵˡ
ҶʡԳֽɺáҶҲش𵽣ԳϤ˲٣ҶʻشҲͱȽϵˡûйȥס
Ҷֵܹ󰡣鷳˰Ҷֵʹ찡ðԳѪڵİԳҲ΢΢һЦҶʴĻش𵽡
һСɽƵðԳ΢ЦЩײġҶʲûоѿرһĵ΢Ц
ҶܹɳԳռ˴󲿷ֵĹ͵ġȻԳҲܵ˾ȵĹָɵģǰԳҶҲǱȽº͵ġ
ҶǸˣһ˵һж˵ģԳҶʵĺ⣬Ҷʶŵġ
ʱԳ˵ģȻָԼˡȻְԳô֪һ뵽иֲޱߵĹҶҲȻˡ
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Գ΢΢һ㶣תͷҶʵʱŤͷǰȥˡ
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ô͵˰ֹģһ;Ǹɾˡ˼綼ҪˣʸǸɾеɾˡһ·Ҷڽ̸ʾ˼ˣȻǲȤġһֱڴλһС
ֵɲȥġ㻹ǺȥһطɡġҲҪҶȥԳһסʣȻתԶ뿪ˡ
ҶһתԨԱȥˡ
Ԩûһ˿ı仯ҶΪˣתԪ˫ۣҲǿײģûеײһġ
ҶΪΪߣǹӵĿˡ¶ƣҶʶЩܲ˵ġ嶼Ҫܵķӳһȭˡ
ˣһεǳӹȵʮֵƽûʲô鲨ûΣһŮ
ţˡҪһЩ⡣ҶԨϥ·
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ԨڣҶʵ߳ƽĸ߶ȣһõĹӰڲһЩͼڿٵı仯
ǿУһɫӰʮֵĸߴһͬߴӰֳһѽɫĴ󽣣󽣵Ϣʮֵ죬嶼Ⱦ˽ɫ
ȻսˣӰжУֻܹɫɫĹ⻪
Ҳ֪˶ˣһ⻬£˾СãһѽɫĳնеĴսʹĻˡп󵽵˭ʤ˭


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ĽɫĽȥԶƺƵСġ鶼ܹĸӦģȫûſڵϡ
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ҶףǻеģɫӰǰģѾ۷忪ʼ»˵ֳ˻ʽսģסһӤľ۷ʿҶսˡ˾еӤȻҲҶˡ
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˵ЦˣôǿôҪһһءҶһ£Ȼ̽˵
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ҪԸȥ󷹣ǵȻҲǲİҶ뵽ûе˵ʱĹͷϣǲܹġ
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ǵģȻ˵ҲᣬֻһЩƤëԶԶİйΪôĲء󹦵µ飬ҲֻйܹʤεİҶʼˣʱƨ󷽹άĻ˵仰ֲҪǮģܴĿľǺ¡


675 Ҷʶң
ǲȥģʵ̫ڵĻˡңҲʺȥ飬ЩۡҶСʲô鶼æӳͲˡ
ˣȴֹʹĿڴӦˡԼԼǷˡ
ðɣǻȥ׼á׼ˣ֪ͨҡֱԪעоͿˡĿ˵ͬʱԨһ
Ҷֽסˡһϱ任ɫʵзʱıãӦǹԪʵ塣ʸУޱȵļӲʱڻĲ
ⶼҶʵıܵķӳõ˺öԿ᲻ðʲôġȻ֪ûҶʡ
ǺãллˡҲˣǲ֮档ҶպһСٴεл֮󣬻ϲصˡ
Ҷҵ֮Ҷһĺߡһɽˮģ뵵ĵطʾںˮߵһʯͷ֮ϣǰڷһѵҩƴȥǰԶżɽ׵ģڵģɫģǺܶࡣ
ҸǴǱҶʱ˴ôǶҵĹͣʲôΣյĵطҵһȥġҶֻҪں©ӾͿˡһ߳ţһ߸ǰİԳǴ겻ͣ
ô涼ҶʵϢ࣬ʶûʲô֪ءһһͷ˺ɫëһͷţϢʮֵĺˣ׾ٵġ
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һҰ죬һĭɣĶҶޱȵĿϧܼӰ
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Ϊ˰ô֪ʲôʱôĿ࣬ôίءҶҲЦԳǻӦٵߵʵǰ־ʵβ͡ʲôʱ嵽ǰأôûпŶˣˣһγԷʱȷʵǳ嵽ǰġ
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Ҷʣôˡһѵҩ˵ҪģǰԳӲҪҵġʢȴŪҶе㲻˼ˡ㿴Ҷûôԣء˲˹ˣҲû֮ǰ֮ǰɽʱģˡ
ŤתӣֺҶʡ˫вϵʹɫȻһЩҩ˵кܴġ
ô֮ǰԵĺܻİҾͿôһԵĶԶԶıʣµĶࡣҶôô׵ıƭŶûмˡʾͰԼˣҪٳһ
Ҷʿ¾ͱĴ쵰˵ġ
ûûûҶѡһЩԵġŨҶŵģûóԵʸϽĽš
仰û˵Ҫû˴ŵĻϲõĶƷġڶû뵽ҶʻôˣȻµĶõһЩҩ
ˣ֮ǰʱһҩЩ͵ʱĺˡôˡشˣҵҩˡЩţܻдáҶʷſʣû̫ڵΪѣֻһ£ộЩҩ
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676 ύԳ
Ҷһ̬ʵڵŴҵ档ʵж߰Գǣʲôʲôȷġ
ô׵ľͱʰˣôûйľˡܹ嵽ǰȥޣܹ˷ȥôȻǲܵİɡ
ҶҪߴҵľһ㣬ʵ˵ֱӵľ˵ӵ˷ġ
ȻԳǿҶʵͱˡ֮ǰ˴Ŀ࣬ò׵ĽһĹʵôˡ
ʾúˣҶǫ̂ôҶôľˣûйͣҲп͵İҶôֱӲ̨İ
ҪҶ֪ʵ뷨ĻͬĻҲҪ˵ġԼôˣóԺúȵĹӦšôĲԼ̨ôң⽲ĻһЩ׵ĻͲġ
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ԳҲҶʵĹϵȻЩʵÿģƭԡҲ̫ڵĵˡԳıЩǣǿģϵ˵Ǹӵǣǿ
ʵǱǸˣ²Ϊ²Ϊһ̺ܽġҶʾˣߵʱ򣬲ʰõϵһѵĶ
ҶǾûطȥˡô˵۾ĶԼҶʲ֪оԼоԼƤҶʾǾڿԼ
ҶֵܣҪҪǳȥԳĵѵҲҪҶٽӴӴ
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ңԳҲǸôˡ꿡ֲûгֹģոһͱҶʻҪǿҲСǾǲκεĶΨޱȵӤǳĿء
ϾҲǰԳҶʸͳȥģҶʵ״ԳзȨġǸʱҶʣǿʲôͬġ
ǼȻôĿأԳҶһвĵطġԳݹȻҲŹĻڹľϣԳäĿӵˡ
ˣĲˡŶˣлл뿪ȣлл͵ҶսȥҶʱֱ뿪ġתһ£Ǽôһ仰
Ҷ˵ǹڷԸģǱϾǰԳġԼǰԳ͵Ҷս飬ҶȻҲ֪ġ
ҶȻ֪ԳҪԼύһµģҶҲ̫ľܾȻûжıҪǽύһҲûʲô
лĲлǹôġҪлȥллȥɡԳ嶼ЩˣҶʼȻô˵ˣǿ϶ǳԼˡ
Ҷ˼Ҫû⵵£ǻԶһġҩʱԵøӵˡȴôƭԵˡȻϳ˻ʣҶҲһֱǰ˻ʵֵѵġ飬ҲҶģҶʾЩյİ
ԭ·أܿľͳ˾ˡҶǳһˡΪеĿ˳˵ģǲٱԳעˡ
Ҷһ·϶û˵ʲôٵĻصɽˡ
ɽϸǾۼһȺˡϺȻС
棬ôҶһ£ƣԼר̵ĵԼһ
ô濪ʵЦеӡ
ʲôôҶһ£ָ֪ĵʲô
ˣװˡҶȥˣȵķȥġ㵽ȥˣʳôˣҲϻֱӿżɽ˵
ô֪ҶЩҪһϲģû뵽ôľͱ֪ˡ
һǶԼһһôҶתһ룬Ҳʡȥ˵ȳǻʱ䣬Чʸˡ
ҶҲϻֱӾͰԼ뷨˵ˡȻߴңӦˣֻҪ׼þͿˡ
Ŀɿڴģû뵽Ҷʻôİ취뷨ǲҪ˵벻һʱͷ񶨵˵ġֱİҶʣ˭ȥҪء
ҲĿɿڴȻ˵Ҷһ뿪ġһֱûʣҶҲһֱû˵˵ˣ˾֮ʾͱȥţȥˣôҶĶԻء
ͻȻãҶôæʱԼôİﵹæҶǲ̫ڵ޳ˡ


677 û
Ҷʿɲܴô룬ٵľͽˡȻԼһЩ뷨һԵĽ˳ˡ˴Ƭ̵ʱȻҶʾʹߴٴҿٵķԸȥˡ
ҶѾȷɽĴһﶼûʲôˣҪ뿪ȥ𴦿һġ֪ôˣҶʿġˣҶʾҪȥһˡ
˵ʵںһʲôֻô׬ǮСӹĺܺõһȥˡҶҪȥڵǲġ
֪ȥʲôطˡңҶʸоһֻԼץ˹ˡһУڱȵҶʲϵǰϵıøǿһ㣬Ҷڴɵ˻ʱ򿴳ġȻ֪Χѻ᲻븸ҶսһĽ
ҶʵĽ£ɽѵ壬ȫۼɽ£ͳһĴݾס
Χشȫ÷һߣӱȥˣŪ˼ʩķʿ˵ʲô¡
ҶҲʱȡ˹ӣעԪҶʵԪܿľˡһصĹâ˾ȵķ
ǣźŶųȥ˴ˣûһĻӦǶеżˣôµŪôãҪǹûľӴˡҶҲЩΣͻȻ˲ˡ
ߣǿϢٵĽӽˡһƬɫģ޵ĵشУԵʮֵ۵ġ
ҶֵܣûɡԳûеˬʵȵˡ
ӦһҶʱҶʶ԰Գ˵ôһЩðԳҶ˲ٵġ
Գ֣ôˡأǷ˰ɣҶһȻɵ˵
ˡǲġİɣ޲Ҷֵܵġ˵䣬ԳѾǽˣСˣֻһ˴СȻôһ磬Ҳʮֵ۵ġ
ваҶһ£Ȼѿڶ˲־úЩףĸĿˡ˵˰Գôô
İɣʲô¡׼ˣֻҪ׵һӡǿ˵ġԳҲ⣬ЦŽ͵
˵꣬ҲҶʼ˵ĻᣬͱϷһӳһѵĶٵĲˡ
ԳͳһѶѵľʯǲȻģΪĺۼҶʸӦһ£ڲйµϢҶȻ֪ôŪȷʵǷ˲˵ġ
ԳŸصΧϵߣʱĴһľʯһ龧ʯȥʱǰظΧһȦ˵ġ
ԳʼӡһľʯʼһʱķظصϿ˹ȥԳӡԽԽ죬СƬʱĲԽԽˡԳԵЩˡ
һ龧ʯ˸صϿգһƬ۵һˡȻܹһʱĹĻѸٵһǿҵĹ⻪Ȼ˲ȥˣ򶼱͸ˡ
ǹصصΪ׼ġΪǸͨʹõġֵĴ룬Ūô鷳ڴҶȥˣεӻᵲס켶µʿԳ˵ͣһ£Ҷʮ֮Ž˵ﻹм飬ֻҪȥͨˣͿԵʱʴ
Գ˵ţֵݳ˼龧ʯҶʡ
ҶȥȫԪϢǰȥȵ˸صıԵʱ޷ǰ߰벽ˡҶȫǰ˼ǻܲûƣʱ˲ĵˡ
ҶľٶԳ⡣Щ͵ģҪ˵ʲôҶʶˡԳҪҶʿ˵ġҪҶô׵ľˣȫǶֵµ˲
⣬һ¡ҶתͷŰԳЦЦȻȡһ龧ץУٴǰȥ
һΣոսӽʱֵıԵеľɢ˵ĹҶʵȫҶ׵ľͽȥˣоκεĲʡܹĿڲķƵı任ʱʧҲܹ
ողȥӣڿٵѿѸٵĳ鴤ѿһжѿɫˣҶƬˣˡ
Ҷʿٵ˳ˣһľ̾飬ʱƿأ̫˵ġҶʾһճĺͯһܹܵŮˡ
ʱƿأҶϲϵ˰ӵģа
ͬһľȣһֱŹʱľѧǱϾŵġЩ꣬˭ۼֵأҶûһˡ


678 Ҷȥ
ȵǶЩӦ֮󣬻عŷ˰Գһԣ¶˷ǳԻЦݡ
ڲʱ䣬ǹıȶ˺ܾòŶġ±һģҲ˵ڲµʱ䣬൱һ졣ÿһһˡԳٴοڣһ·ǳҪĶҶԼȥǵʱ䡣
ʵ̫лˡתһ£ԺҪҶʰæģһ߾ܵġҶһ㶣Ȼ˲䷴ӳ˹û뵽Լֻһ£ԷȻôȫġҶĵĸл
˵ˣֻҪסǷһͺˡԳٴ¶ЦݡҶʵķӳڹԤ֮еġÿһ仰˵ġ
ҶĲ֪˵ʲôˡǹô϶һʲôءҶԼδеġȻһֱܹһе̬һС
ҪûʲôˡҾȻȥˡԳһûзҶǻʲôʰʲôġԳҪҲȷʵǽˣſڸˡ
ҪһСһ£Ը㷹ʲôߡҶģҶʿҲȷʵǷǳĺʵġ
ˣһȥԺȻлġԳҡҡͷûдӦ
Ǻãɽߵ黹ǳĶࡣҼˡлȥ͡ҶʳŰԳ˹֣Ҳɽȷʵкܶ飬ҪǰԳƱǻһͬġ˴žæҲҪӦڲſԵġ
ǺãڡԳҶʹ˹֣תȥˣһԾڿնٵı󣬻ָԭһɫСɽֿٵԶȥˡ
Ҷ׼ʱȽ磬ȰԳɣҲʱ֡ԣҹʱ򣬵һĴ׾Ѿǳ˵ġһֵӣʣµȫˡ
ʵĴף׷ģǳĿɿڡǲԲˣҶʶܹϺüˡ
һ죬ҶʶɽҶʶʱҲһĸһֱоǰĲ٣ǻ㹻ġͣһֱʪŴضֲĳɳáΪڲʱ任̫죬ͣһڲ͹ȥܾˣֲòˮ֣Ȼǲߵˡ
ʩչʿȥ֣÷ոһֻҪʿܹģǳķ㡣
һЩʿԪĹ⣬ʮֵƣ͡ʱԪ뵱кôģܶʿʵҪǣѵУӻǲٵġ
ÿЩƯĹЩʿ࣬ˮͷġЩʿǸɾӵĳˡ
ڲ㣬ܿĴ׾ʣˡȻܹ԰׷ֶԽʼֲˡ
ʱҶʼɽȶˡҶʣһ賿ʱĵԶȥˡûоκˡҶʲ֪ǣҶ뿪ʱ򣬳ϸеĳǽͬʱ۾ˡûֱֹܿ˫ۣʼˡ
ɽܿԽԽԶˣҶٶȿ죬գ۾Ϳˡ޵ĵشУֻ磬ǹҶͬСŶˣһʡ
һΣҶʵĸԵ÷ǳµˡҶɽʱ䣬ҲȫϹæġҶʴһЩսǰǰ֮顣
ǾҶԤеһûܵ˿˵ġ
ԣҶҲͲļˣǰСһ߷УһԼĹ
˵Ҷʣ㵽۲۵İöſҶʵļͷĿ˵
ۣôۡҲ֮ǰѧԺһ͵İǣҲˣĻ˵İҶ̲סԹϲûвͷ֮ɫ
µءʲôңǷһҲŲҰûйһĺӡҶʾȻԹˣȤˣҶʵĶ߰š
ץ㣬Ҳİ֪᲻ȥų˵ʲôҪ֮ǰһֱһҶҪɣ˵˵ҥ˵ȥġҶʵԴûһӣ˲ʵˡٴεı۾һУҶʵļͷ˯ˡ
ҶҲ⣬ǰСûʵ룬ҶʵĸӵˣΧһиӦҲǸӵˡ
ǣҶˡҶֻˡ֪һǲǳøӵ绨ˡҪǱ˹޸һëĺǸӵȤˡⶼ룬ӳĶӣôܻĴء


679 
УôķⳡҲûиҴʲô仯һġϣ䲻
һ绨ӭǡ绨ꡣ곤Ƿǳü۾߸ߵıСС졣˭ˣ̲ס̾һ䣺Ĺ
绨꣬Ȼǵĳˣǵ͵ĹٶˡһʱûмˣСӣǸӵˮˡ
Сӣ̧ͷġҪǴжǷǳĲˣΪ˼һŮϧϧŮǸѵĳġ
绨ĵûı仯СǸס쵽ҴܡûмĲࡣֻ΢Ĳͷְ֮ͷתȥˡ
ųӡĶ毺õıӰһſˮһ߸ԼǸˡͬһЦߵżҵһĶ⡣
Щ鶼Ӷˣ֪˶ٴˣѾľˣ˵ֿˡ
ӶԼаʱȥѶ˼˸ڵϣĳһٵġ
Ҳ̫ζȲҺ£ȻһεĶһߡĺšһļƤȻһȭ֮ﳤȥˡ
˼飬ˡǶԼ˸ӵĶġԾ͵ʲôûпͺˡ
ϰ壬ϸһĿ⡣˿ݣз˺ŮȻ˸λˡ
ʳȱˣҲǼˡСһߣһСӦšһ߿Ĳһֱ룬ҵĹԹôôƯӡԿԸ⣬Ȣؼҵϱֻһ˺Ҳǲġ
ˣ֪ˣȥæȥɣֲǲ㡣һֱŴ⣬ûзֵС񣬲ȻĻСٲҪһʰġ
ϣȵţϾ͵СعȻϽȥˡ
⹫ӣÿǺÿǱϾӡңСĵײˣÿĹǮǻһ±ˡؾޱˣҲԽԽˡСĹǮҲԽԽٵˡ
ҪʱˣǼӣСͻ˲ľʧȥ˹ֱǵòʧˡ
ȥ鷳ˡҪ˵ԿˣҪԲˡǮûˡ˺ÿüͷôһֱŤͷ·˲;Ķˡת˲䣬ͱͷˡžһһСĵľײǰ·˵ˡ
ײ˵ӦҶǵϢôôءѵˡҶܹʲôİ취ء΢΢̾һ
ת˲뵽ҶһϹʱˣ˲ͱúܿˡҲ֪͹һĨ΢ЦˡȻ󣬽ϵֵùˡ
ӹʲôʱôĶƸˡܷ빫ֵ̽̽ءһº͵𣬾
ٸҽҹҾɹ˲ûˣ˰ŮˡͷԼͳӵģҲûʲô취˵ϷԼǲһˡ
ôûмˣһ㶼ҵİҪұɹº͵ûйҲûʲôº͡
Сү鲻Ǻܺã㻹治İջˣһߣӣһķתȥҶʡ㣿
תһĴ㵣Ȼľϲû뵽֮ǰŵҶʣľͳԼǰľϲ̫ˡЩӳˡ
ôĵĿңҪġҶǰĶ
ԽԽƯˣ׼ҶʶЩ㱡һƯСһĿʱҶʲ㼦ˡϽѹ߰뷨ûǰġ
ȥġҶһۣȻ˵ʲôʱġ
ҶʸϽİͷŤһߣŴķ羰һۣɱ̫ˣҶЩסˡҪǽСӵҶⱲӶû˵ˡ
ҲҶʵ쳣ٿ˿СʶòǸˡ˲Ҷʵ뷨ûЦûЦֻǿҶʵЩͬ顣
֮ǰһ𣬱Ͼ꣬ĲôĶ࣬ôĸӣҲͲʲôΡ


680 仯ܴ
ڣҶˣĶˣҲ׶ˣƯԣһЩ룬ҲǺġ
ʵҶҲǸոյˡǻԭλϣرҡǲڵϣƯС
ǵģǶƯˡΧһȦܴض˵ġ
ɢĹâţܵʲôĹ
ԶԶģǣһڰΰ֮ľˣѾ˿ֲϢɢ˵ġ
ǴƬĸأǰ˵ģҲڻǺܵʳġʳ̫ڵĵһˣԲⰡ˵ġ
Ҷʵĵû̫˵ע⡣ЩҶʽĸɻĿһ֮⣬û˹ע
ȵǻȥͻȻЩϤʱȴҶѾʧڳſˡ
䤱ũֲ̧˲ԳЦЦϳôҲԼʶˣ˲ʶԼġԼ˵Ǻúõĸһ˲¡
ʿ̫ʣ̫Զ̫ȴܹġ
ͷӣʲôءϽĸأһҪؼءԼ˷ˣͬڵŮЩżĴߴš
ϺϣͼӿٶȡũЦЦûа֮ǰͷ뷨˵
˳֮ҶʣϤЩİĽֵǰԵĽҶʾǷǳеġһʱͯĴ𣬴·ߵСǺ«һԼģһʵġ
һˣȻȻǱˡҶЦЦû˵ʲôһǺ«ССڵĳš
ζûб䣬ǸζҶʣֻеζ̫ˣоζˡ
ҶʳԵһǺ«ҲûٸġҶʳһŵʱǿһϤĿ꣬ϤӰѾ˽ȥˡ
Ҷʴһ£аһɡȻʹʸ˽ȥˡ
֮ǰĴڨϾһʱûмˣЩĲɵģûеһʱҶʵˡ
ոյȻͿˡҶƽһȻشʱٿû֮ǰһָӵ뷨ˡ
⻹ԵְҽҲǳһ£ȻͱˡʱæˡϣصǰӰٴζҶʣҲǸпֵġҶʸӵӢˣӵĳˡôţ϶ȻȻ¶һ˵ơ
ŶʲôæģҶһ£û뵽˵Ļ
Ҫ֪˵ж֮ġǱҶʸӵġҶǸԼ飬Բжġ
ո෴ԼԻжġԼ飬ֻҪϲǻȥġ
ԣͻȻ˵ԼæҶЩ㵣Щεˡ
㵱ֻԼн˰켶˰ɡٴΰҶһۣҶʵĲЩ
ǺæʲôϵҶʸոҪô֪ĸеϢǳ⣬۷ʱܹͻٵĽ׶ΡȻĻͱˡ
нҲеġ֮ͬŬҲҪ켶ˡһӣҪھѹһεˡҲ̫˵İɡҶʺЩǣҸҲʼڽҴ˵ġһЩС£»Ҳ֪ô˲װСʱʲôʹһЩ
˵ĻҶֻܹʾͬ˵ģǱ˵飬ҶְﲻʲôæġɽҶҲǰͷһӣǺܹѴġ
أϴ˵Ҫȥ硣ôˣ뵽Щͷ۵ģܿľͶһˡȻѻⶪҶʵˡ
Ҷʵ飬Ǻĺܵġǰһʱ򣬷ҶйصرĶ࣬رȤҶȥ磬˼ܳһʱûҶʵĴˣЩϰ˵ġ˵ˣ飬һ㶼֪ģ֪жôĺġ
Ҷˣ֪ͻôһˡˣ񲻹ߵʲôطˣôһġҶȻûлش𼸴ΣҲЩˡ
ȿȣʽɡһֱԹۣҲҪϸһЩġҶʲ⣬ѷȨʣϲľġ
ʰ꣬ҶʲϲպþһļˣһԸһԸ


681 
ϲľʱˣľ˼ƣʼ˽ˡ
ΪֻҪҶ˵ˣͿʷӵġ˵ʲôǾʲôˡҶһ㲻ᷴģῪ˵ʲôΪҶʸͲġ
Ȼһ㣬и޶ȵġԿ˵̫ˣ˵ȫΥʵˡȻҪĨҶʵĹԵˣǿ϶ǻᱻ˵ġ
ԹΣҶʾڿСûйעԼȻʾʹشԼˣҶʸɵ鶼ԼˡԼɵ飬жҶʵˡ
ÿʱҶǻʵͷһġȻԹ˼֮󣬾ʵ˺ܶˡ
Ȼˣ꣬ǴҶ֪˵ġʵʵĽ£бˣԼȻҲǲܵġʵͼӴһ㣬ʵ͹һԼãҶҲ֮֮ˡ͵ԼıˣҲ޹ؽҪġ
Ļнµ츳ͨһ飬ܹʸ컨׹Ķǵġ
ʽ𾢵ʱҲȫԡһɫҶʶɣһԼĴȥɱķİɡ
ʱ򣬿ˡҶҲ˶û֪һֱӰһӸ˵ǰ
˼ôˣҲͳԵĵһٷһЩȻζҶܾǲһЩʲôġҲҶǣܹ֪ߵ˿ߵԭİɡ
ҶʳԵĺܿ죬ǲ̫ڵѿÿһĿ⣬Ҷˣζͷϻˣȥ
һ߳ſ⣬һԵʵֹʱʱĲһ仰ʻͬͣſ֮ȺҶʾȻǳˣҵϤζˡ
ιҶʡڿʲôͽˣһǿҶʵǰϹˡ
ųţҶʻûжҶʺüˣҲûмҶжȻҶʵģŰҶʸ˹
ŶûʲôͻȻþǻصǰһˡҶʻعЦЦſ˵
ǰ㣬ʡݡԿսҲڣǾȫˡҶʵĻҲǸпһ䣬һֱץſ
ҶҲӻˣҲԱ֮ˡҪĲǺܶ࣬Ҷ֮ǰҲһЩˣܿľͼˡȻûйһҪһЩ
ˣҶðһ顣˺ܾãǿ˵˳ˡ
ʲô顣ǻʲôǲܹ˵ôܰæģһġҶиµĲ룬Ҫʵ飬˾Ųʮˡ
ġ˵ȵĹЩ顣ù棬ŪܴһƬء˵ɽҲòģܷܲһЩҡС˵ϾҶʷֿôˡңҲʵʵͻһЩҶʻв˵ġ
ԿҶʲˣԵĻڲˡô˵˵ġ
Ҷʺݺݵĵһ֪ͣ˵һЩʲôġŶô͵Ĺ򣬾ͰԼϵ׶͸¶ȥ˵ġ
ЩȻģϽԱŲһŲ
Ҷ˵ˣȻľˡҪǲĻ͵û˵ôҶʵı飬ΪҶʲ˵ģϽĿڷˡ
ģֻǲ֪ﵽ˵˶ٵĲ׵Ķˡð˿˳ˡҶʶ˰֣ʾ⡣ɽ֮Ƭغܴ֮ǰûпȫŪɸˡôһŪòôࡣдƬĿġõȻû⡣ֻǡ
ֻʲôѯʣҶⶼӦһˣܹżô
ֻһģһ𶼷һУŪġҶЩ˼ЦЦЩǸ⡣
ԭ㵣ĵⲻʲô⡣ǿƶǿķɹȥɽӵһȻһˡңԵûǱߵܼԻһɽĹ˿ڵѹ͵Ȼ˵Լ뷨
˵֮;ĵҶʿڵˡ˵ôҪ˵ͷͬſԵġ
ȷʵһܺõİ취ڵĴ½ѳģҶǷֿ˵ġô鱣ӵһȷʵܹƴճһˣܹߵķиõĹͨģͦġ


682 ɽ
ͦģûʲô룬ҲͬûʲôġҶ룬Ȼ͵ͷӦˡ
Ǿô˵ˣҶʵͷˣǳĸˡ
ţдһţֱӼԦǹȥȻŽͿˡҶ룬Ȼһ𰸡
еĴ½ˣҲЩһֱŵ飬ͬӿһֱڷյ顣û뵽һٿĹ򣬾ôĽˡǷǳĿĵģֶҪһЩĶһֱҶʳԺȵ˾Ϊֹ
ΪЩæµҶֻǶ˼죬Ȼʹʼ·ˡ
ڼ䣬ҶȻǹ캣صĳԺ˼졣˺ܶ飬ֻزȥˡûб䵭ǳƣʱԽǱԽԽζˡ
ȥѧԺ֪ƨǸʲôǰһ˴СҶʵĵܣҶǿЦõġ
ѧԺߣȻ뵽˺ܶ˵ġҶ飬ҶʸոսѧԺͱŮӸ׷õ˵ġͲ˺ܶˣû֪ȥʲôطˣҲ֪׸ʲôȥ˵ġ
Ҳ뵽ǳ壬ѧԺУǳһս춨ԼҶʵҲǸʱ򴫳ȥġڣͬǲ֪ʲôطȥ˵ġ
ȻҶʻһЩͬʱ뵽һˡǾȻһֱôãȻһ뵽Ǻʪ͸һİë亹˵ġ
ȻѧԺУȻҲٲҪһ˵ġǾǺƧԺˡûλԺˣС˼ʲôˡ
ҶУ԰СԺҵ˺ԺʱԺСеúŲ衣
Ҷ֮һڲһֱ˳ԼһġҶʣƧʵЩ˵ġҶʵʱ򣬲Ľ׵ΪŹ˶ãͱˡѾԼΪƽ˵ġҶ˻壬ʵսǳ˺Ƨ˵ġ
úƧһпǳǰ˵İŹãһ˻˵ġ
һֱ֮УʱʱĻһºƧΪƧǷǳġȻҲ죬ǱϾûͻơѾúƧǳ𾪵ˡǿҶʣͻȻַΪ̫ƽˡ
ҶʲҺƧ鷳ģ겻£ͷҲǳ˲ٵ鷳ҶھͦԲסġʲôҶٵ飬ȻǱҶʸƸˡ
ûʲôطȥ廳ˡҲȷʵǶѻ̫ĹҪˡҶдһţȻ󽻸ʹԶȥˡ

ɽ½ƶ񤣬ʮֵĶӡ궼ŰѩǼ˵ġ
طûʲôֲֲܹġʲô޷ġ
еþʧʧеáȻ޷ֲɽжһЩľȱһЩͺĹĹʮֵɬóԡ
СͶʮֵϲгȺӵʲôּ䴩󡣻һЩĶСͶȻд͵ʳˣԲȱϹ֮ġ
ɽ壬Ϊ򻷾֮ԭʮֵı뺷ŮӶܹ乭ģɱҰ޲ڻ¡ǶɱΪ
ܾǰһ壬ΪС޲սǳǿϷķ˲ٵս
ǱϾ˿ޣԵ̫ˡȻ㱻ɽ֮˸塣
һҵĴսֻʣطϢϾһս̫ˡ壬˿һֱôġ
ϴѱ䣬սͻصΪûˣֻʣԼһˡûǵ˵Ȼøսȥɽ˵ҪԼ
ҶʵĿĵؾҪһյĻ飬񵽵ʲôˡ
ʷµʱ䣬ڼЩûȥЪϢǸϵ˵ġ
ɽܹˣҶʵıЩɻɽҶеЩһ
ܹһεغƽбģһЩĵطҪôǿػҪôطһЩֲ
ǣҶʿɽʱ̫ͨˡһƽûߵһƬɽѩһƬãҪ˵ЩһģǾѩеľȻҶġȻ˻ѩ͸һЩ̡
ûǿϢûпֲķػɽ


683 ޣ
ޣ
ѽ
ҶǲŸոڵϡǺĻѩЩͻȻһҽеҶʸһ
ʲôҶһ£ȴûзʲôԾġҪȷûпڣкܴҶʶΪʵĶˡ
ϾǺڰУֻԼ飬һֱǰôˡЩǺпܵˡ
¡ʵЩ鴤ЦֲЦǳĻ
Ҷһ㶣Ȼͷһ¡ŷ֣ΪԼļ̤˽ŵЩԡһȥƬѩȻûаȥġ
ҶýԱߵĴһ£֮ǰҶ̤еĵط˹ˡ
һӴĶתһٰʮȣȻѩϡ
Ҷŷ֣һѩ׵ĶƤëµˡҶʱȶһ£ոԼ½ŵĵطպþһĺףȻͱҶʸв˹ȥˡ
ҶʾЩˣȻûзֶԷϢҪǶԷж⣬ΪǿһЩĻҶʾԼܾͻᱻջˡ
Ҷʶ壬ְ˵ϣȻԪһ壬˾ĵת˹
˭
˭
Ҷİ˽ͬʱڵģǳĬȻƺǾòף˵ҪԼĲͬ
ڸʲô
ڸʲô
ٴεͬʱˡҶһͷĺߣİҲһΡһ߶ҪЦ˶ˡ
㣬ش𡣡ҶüͷȻİ˵
ƾʲôġУÿҲˣҸһˡҶʸո˵꣬İ˾ͼˡ
Ҷһ㶣Ȼ˳İ˵߿˹ȥԼ֣֪ʱİ˵Сˣһ㣬ǺҪĶˡ
İ˾úΡҶͬҲôģΪԷһˣŮˡ
ҶǴĵ֣Ȼѩд˴꣬Ÿоණûˡʵⶼá
ðɣ̬ôãǻˡʰɣһش㼸⡣İ˶ҶʵĶǷǳģ˵ͷȻҶ˵
ʲô֣
ޣ
ۡҶʲûһԼޣһޡ˵޲ֻһﴩźѩ׵ĶƤëûҶ׳ʵ
ҶʺȻԲһ¡һ壬ǵжôİҪ޶ô̫Цˡ
ʲôЦģʲôЦġǸȻһشһġԵߺһȻ֪ҶЦʲôˣĳҶš
õҵǸǳĶԲ𣬲ӦЦޡҶǿЦݣٵĵǸšЦޣû˵Цޣ޷Ǳޡ
ȻĵǸܼ١ʰɡ룬Ȼ˵
ôôûбҷֵģҶȻ󿪿˵Ҷĵ顣
ȻΪ˴ˡԣǳʲôΪʲôûб㷢֣Ӧ㣬Ӧҡ޿ŰۣǳıҶʡ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽𰸡룬ҶʾͷǳĺգԼƻ˱˵һԣȻҪϢɽУ汲ǲԵģȻоԼصĲַˡ
ˣһ⡣ɽôҶһ޲öԸ
ôûлش𣬷Ǹһ仰
Ҷһ£Ȼӳ˹ԷӦþǻشˡֻԼʵ̫ڵİ׳գԷҪĻش
ˡҶʽǺˣǵ㱳ôһˡ֪Ǹ˵⣬ԼˡǷһЩͼĴ󰡣ⲻӦõİ
ܲˣֱӴҶʵļϵˣڵصĴ
ףʲôƷ֣ûмܳôóôǰֻע⵽Ҷʣûע⵽ҶʼϵʡʵɻĿʵ
ЦˣǱҭסһڵ϶˶ˡ
ҶˣǰһЦԼԼе˱Ӧ˰ɡ
ҶЩ̹ȻˣԷǳ϶˵ԼԼԼˡ޵ļһһ⡣ʾҪԵģǵһġ
˿˵ԵʣǿЦģ˸ŵĹ⻪Ҳǲġͬʵľڶһ鶫жϵܲʳһӵġ
Щëˣ̫ˡ


684 ֪㻹ȥ
ιʲô񣿡ܲˣϽһ̵ľͶ㵽Ҷʵĺˡ
ôôˡʾãǸоԼ˵ʱ򣬶Сһһġû뵽ԼΪ˱еС˰
ˣҵѣܳԵġһ⣬ϲʶսģҶҲҪ̥ˣ˵һ̣ͻᶢԼԼܹܲԵˡ
սʲôԵһ㶣ѿڶ˵Ȼ˲;˹ʶ˭ôû˵
ԵЩˣЩСĶҶǣһʲô֪ı顣ȷϸĿҶʵ񣬹۲Ҷʵÿһϸ΢ı仯Ҷʵǵѡ
޵ı飬Ҷôܻ᲻֪֪ءҶûЩ޾ѾǾùˣüͷȻ¡
Ȼϸ΢üͷĶΪҶսйڵģ޵ͫҲµġ
˵ɣı飬ѾĳˡģսѣɵġҶһƽһ飬Ȼ󿪿ƽģº͵Ķ˵
Ĳ֪ҶʵһϵеĶΣյĸоܵľ쵽ҶЩˬġҪ˵֪ģǲ֪Ϊʲô˵ĻͻȻֱˡˡǰҴǹȥսҲһֱ˵һֵܣһֱ档һţ˰ɡ
һ˵ţһǰȥˡװһȻӡԴԼ˵ķ
һġүʷǳķŭָ޴֪֪ı顭
ʻû˵꣬ͱҶһѸ˹Ȼסˡ
ҵı飿ҵıôˡðɣ޸Ͻе飬úȻľȻӡ
û£˵ıܿɰҾô˵áͰ͸סˡҶЦǺǵ˵Ҷ˵ģøʲôġ
޺ǺǵЦЦȻĴͷǰȥˡҶǿĽ䴦¶һıЦݡ
ס͸ʲôûıжôļٵôҶɿʵ͡Ҷ϶ΣȻҲûд£Сֹš
ϻ㶼ĳѵҿôͷ֪ˡҶʰһۣȻǶʿԼЩġ
֪㻹ȥʸӵͷˣ֪ҶʵʲôӵĴġ
ôϢͬҲǡʲôӦȲ˵ܲҵȷķλҵˣ·Ͽܶˣ㲻鷳Ҷĺʣôļ򵥣ôġ٣Ҷʾƭȥȣ»ҪԼϵġ
ȷǴȥսģȥʲôݽʲôĵطôȻЩˣǻһЩĵӡ
֪ˡȥĲȷĵطǿ϶ĵط˶˲Ǹðô˵ˣܹҡʵΣգһܹٻ˻ʽġҶǴŵ΢ЦǳĴݵġ
ߣʵǸߡհҶʵļƻ֮һĳݡ˵ĻͲôĺˡ
ҶһͷĺߣҪӵģôĿ˵ôôô˵ӡ
޴Ҷʣɽ߹հ˹յǰһ·Ͽ˲ٵĶǳľ裬Ҷǻûпʱ򣬾ѾԶȥ˵ġ
Ҷһ£һҪսǼ棬ôȥҲôáɴͶִͷҰ¹Ÿںġ
Ҷʲûչ¶ʲôѧֻһ˵ٶȣɵľץסҰ¹Ȼ¡
ӣ޶Ǹӵľ˵ġҶ׵ĲɱЩΪܵĻչ¶һֵġ
Ҫ֪߻ɽ档嶼ʿûзˡǳһ죬Ǻײɱ㹻ġҶʵӣʮֵʮֵ⡣ֻеļϣսһԵʱ򣬼ĳ档
ޣȷҶʾ鷳Ѱ˵ġ
Ҷֵܣ㻹ǹİһѰ˼ţսѣӦøóԵġʵҺյİһҶֵͼ鿾ԵİһߣһҶǽһЩ顣ǵĵ٩ҶʣľһȤĬһġ


685 ƾͼƣ
һ·˵˵ЦЦģǷǳĺгģٱӵġ
ʵʲôӣֻ˫֪ˡ˫ϵ̽ԷĵףҪ˽һЩ
Ҫ֪Ҷǵʲô㣬һעһµġҶҪ֪սʲôطսۡ
һ̸߽ţǽȴǲͣЪġܵ÷ɿ죬ٵԼеĿĵظȥҶҲܵ÷ɿģĸ޵
зǳĳԾΪ࣬СǷǳĲġޱȵС壬Ҳǿǵġ
ΪǰҶʣòҪԪȻᾪһЩµĴڣһЩ鷳ҶҲûжԪģȵĵ޵
޾Щ鷳ˣһµѲˡҪǲƻã˵ҪġͬʱҲлԼǸƻвеġûʱˣΨһһˡ
ҶҲʮֵĳԾսǣҶһЩӡġΪǾУҲġǣڿӦÿһ˶ǿǣԶԶĳġ
Ҳѹ֣½뷨ˡôǿսôܻᰲĵĴһƬƶĵط
ֻǣĴ壬ǿƵս壬ȻʹӴ½ϳˡҶ˽⵽ŽһµĿ¡˵սôǿҲԶԶвֵġ
Ҷʶ⣬кĸдӦΪҶѾľã˻ʵյԴӦþԸļӳֵġ
·ͻȻͣˣЩСҶʲһͷײȥˡҶʶĿǿ΢Ĵ֮󣬺ܿľ޵ͣˡ
޿⣬ǹճһĨ΢ЦΪҶƴŵģȻĻͣ
ˣһЩӰɣܲġȥսڸһָָǰȻҶ˵
ǰһտĵشƽ׵ӡмһʯϣڷźܶɽеˮЩѾһĻѩˣȻǸոշŵˡ
ҶĬĬĸӦһ£ûзʲôԾĵطֱѾ˵ԤˡҶʲòֶΣʲôŪôΡ
ΣĸоǿҶܹԵġҲûж룬ƾͼƵˡ
ҲãÿԳɽزǹʮֵʣǸոժõİɡҶЦЦȻ̧˽ȥ
Ҷô׵ľ߽ȥˣ޵ǹճһĨ΢ЦǳҶ΢ЦڽһЩʲôܺõˡ
ǵǣЩǽողժģЩ֮ǰˡɽһȻ⣬ʲôܹźܳʱ䡣ζ˿ı仯һҶַľͺˡ޽꣬ת뿪ˡ
ո߳ȥʲôһҶ֣Եһ£ȥȥսҲڸԶ
˵⣬޾ǳ׵Զˡ
޵һжǺģһһҪҶʣһ֪ΣգľǱ޸ƭס˵ġ
Ҷ˽ȥץһӾҧһڡ֪ôӣڼζʮֵĸΪ¶ȵ͵ԭջһЩ⣬ʮֵˬڵġ
ζ㳢Ҷһ˵ţһץһȻͶʵȥˡ
ôĽˣ϶ΣյİֽӹҲǺݺݵҧһڣȻһܵ顣ЩҶںڰǰУʲôԵĶûУﶼҪˡ
ϻҪǲܷĵȥ˵ôҶʷ˷ۣҶ֪ʵˡ
ҶҲ˵ˣֻССڵĳеĹӡ
ˡҶСĶԼ˵һ£ȻʼתڵԪˡ
䡱ɫĹתĳì˵صףտش˷Ҷ˹ˡ
ģȻһһӡȫǳ˵棬Ȼһ䣬Ҷ˹
ҼͷҶʶʺһȻɢ˵Ľ⡣
õõҶʵ֪ͨģһʹܵҶʵļͷĿסҶʵļ
ϡǧĳ
׵ȫɫĳìҶڵһʱݺݵײҶʵĻ֮ˡ
ʵԵĻ⣬΢΢Ĳһ£㱻̴ˡ
ҶʲܡڵѪת˳Ǳ޴һһ㣬С⹥ˡ


686 󷨣
ҪɱҶʣȻǲܵˡҪô׵ľͱɱˣҶˡﻹңġ
Ҷ˫һһɫԪɢȥ
ꡱꡱꡱƵһֱͣģÿһì϶ܲƣ˵Ĳ֡
һ죬Ѿѿ˵ìһصġһĴ
Ҷʵķ˽ɫԪһֱԶȥ֪ײǿտشıԵһ͸Ĺ֣ҶʵԪˡ
Ԫ֣ҶһݡĴ壬ȻЩŵİ˵˥˥˵ġձ󣬺οһûг׵ĸ壬Ҫ˵ûµʲô˭ŵء
һĹոչȥû̫õӡڶĹǵ˵ġͷϿѿһĿӡڣնģǿϢɢġ
䡱һľľ׶ʮֵļҶײ˹
Ҷû춯벽ģ˽ɫȭͷǰ˹ȥɫȭͷͷգصĴһؾľ֮ϡУǾľҶʺɱ⣬·ɢ
Ȼֻһźšŵһľ£ľľҶ
ҶȻԭزΪȥʲôطЩľסҶʵġͶġһ˫ɫȭͷͣĻţľľտĵشУΪһƬ֮ɫ
ɫĹâ˴أлظԭɫʡҶ΢ĴڵԪ
ҶԵϢѿˣһļˮ˳ˮޱȵĴɫġܿľӹտشĵ档֮ǰһͬûյصķΧġ
Ҷʣոˣľмǳġϴˣ㿴չ˵öôܵҶ棬ǵϵϲӵɫˮ˵
ܵһܻһˮô㶯ԽòáҶһôʵͷȥˣܻغ
ͬʱҶҪڿն𡣵ǷޱȵĳأͷɲġҶ˿ռض𣬲ûзɵ̫ߡ
һҶʵһ˫Ьڿٵܽ⣬Ѿ¶һ˫ˡˣ⿴ƴˮȻǿҵĸʴԵġ
ģʲô󷨡ˮܸʴԪʴһеġҶֵ˵š
ע⿴ԷҶʵĽűЩ죬һ
Ҷǣʲôˮܹġһ£Ǹӵ֪ˮĿµˡ
ˮûֹͣȣҪռ䶼ӡҶʿûôԪĪˮĵġ
תԪ˳ϫˮ·ѹš
ҶΪ϶Կռƿأת߻Ĺǵӻ۵뵱Ŀֲġ˲ǳˮĿռѿڡϵˮҲǱҶʸѹ˴˵ġ
һΣǱҶǿֹ˵ģмļĿ϶Ҫ˲ٵġҶҲץʱϢ֪滹ᷢʲô顣
ϡһɫĳ˲ʹҶʵĶԴ˹ȥһƺɫĳŻƮ䡣
ǳķҶǸӦ˻ʽϢ˵ġ
һնĳͬһźһ㣬ĳ¡նҶʵϣϵĲ
Ȼɫĳûȫʧֽ˴ŵɫһ˿߲ʵɫ͸¶˳һŵĿʮֵĺÿ
ҶʵˣͲôˡط·˲ʧ·֮µƤ̵ͨˡ
Ҷ໵ĴţǿʼڿյСˡҲȥռе𣬵Ҷǻᰤôһµġ
ңҶʵʱζֱˬˡһܣǻסġҶڣĺҪ޸ץһһµˡ
ҶܲˣɢȫˡԺƾڤڤе˻ʽĸӦʼٻ˻ʽˡ
һ̣˻ʽ˶֮Ƿ˳Ľˡ˲˺գ˽ȥתۼʧˡ
ɽϿգѿĽһȵĳ˳һѽɫľ޽ɽ֮УضǾҵĲһµġ
˻ʽϢ˲͸һϣҶʵǰ΢΢һɫȫʧ˵ġ


687 ǣ
ɫ˵ϣ֮ǰļһ𣬱˿µ
ջǱ˻ʽסˣںһûдĳˡ
Ҷһ˵ϣ˻ʽ

ʲô˵һһһðҵֵֵֻܺܵ
ǵս磬ô˵ġСӣ̫ɶˣոͲҵͷҪҵĿӡôأ
ˣһǼٵġҵֵҶʣһصĺӡңһүǣϲһֱŮšǱ߻ĺӣҶֵܶ࿴һ۵ġ
ţǡս磬һһָƻġҪȥǣһȻĺͿ
֮ǰû뿪ڽ䴦Ҷì֪ޣŸϽսǵķȥ
ҵսսʼҶڵλøȥսһͬǰеģһëĸߴĺӡѩУһѿ½ġÿ޿ӣͻ̲ס̾һ¡ôҲ˿µء
ôޣĽظ˰Ҹ㡣Ľġȫ壬ѪͳȻ첻㣬ǺúõĶкܴĳɾ͵ġĺ޵Դһ΢Ц
Ǹսһͬأǣ廹ҪˡһߴľɢſֲϢ
ش磬֪ġҪһҲһǿ׳һͷͺˡɬЦЦЩ˼˵
ֻҪʲôеġûа취ѻ˵ֻ̫˵һʵΪصľʣǴҶġôȥ˵ء
ҶӿٶȣٵǿտĵشȥΪðҶʵڵأǸطõġ
һ˶ǷſٶȵġȻܵļ졣ɭҲʮֵϤȫͲõĻ·ʲôġ
ܿģ͵ǿտıԵشȻȫǱʩչ˶һһվסˡ
Ǿ̫ˣһƵǷǳģܹɱ켶ǿߵġһӰУһɫĳڻСɫԪ
޴ûôµˡһ֮Ȼܹƻ󷨡ңһЩ֮⣬¶岢ûһ˿˺ۡ
սͬǾˡȻҲЩԾ˵սƻǸģ˵Ϣò
Ȼսһ˿ЩҵӡϡǿԷֱġ
ò仯˺ܶ࣬ϢǾԲдġңһԻһû˿ò仯ü۵Ķǡ
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Ҷʻ۾˫ɫĽ⣬նУһҶʻûüڣʾȿ˵ġ
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ǣһǺ̫ǿˣս磬ش磬ǿܰɡʱ޳ˣ嵲սصǰһöҶʡ
Сӻҳ֡ҽŪųԵġ޳ˣǻðɵģ˲ͷˣҪ޳ȥ
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ѣҶһסʣûΪġ
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ش磬սܡһǿȻܹסһġΪսЭˣִĵҶʣƽĶս˵
ܲҶʶޣͻȻ¶ѩ׵ݣĵЦˡĺܲ䵨ǶսģǺܲġ
ʲô¡ҪҪɱشս磬̤ҵʬ塣޶ҶĿ¶׹⣬ݺݵ˵
ޣҪɱǣסġңӲһеġҶˣô۵ļһȤˡ
ޣǵֵҶʡԱǸ档ʡҶŻ㡣޻Ҫ˵Ҳһֻ֣޵Դࡣ


688 ԣ
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693 ɥĲ
ˮٴεƽˣҶʾվˮϡ
Χǧ׵ķΧڣûһˮϵҿġȫҶʸס˵ġ
Ҳֹͣ˷ͬƯˮϵġȺˮϵҪΣǱһβɨ˴ˣȻͲҽӽˡ
ոձҶʸһȭˣҪʱ򻹰ףֻöԷЦ˵ġһ㣬Ի֪ķǳġ
̫ˣ㽾ʱôɱˣôûǱ۸ôҶʺĶԣ˵Ȼϲ⣬ǾŵģΪǼŭԷ
һͷĺߣҪȴֲ֪ô룬ԴӼҶʿʼһֱڱԷԼŵġҶô˵һûеġ
ߣСӣȷʵǸϲľǶɱûгɳĻһһĪĿеġԵצӻдոս˶Էһ£ԼĹͷҪѿһ
Ǿֵģϣôôµȭͷ壬ôôǿ͡ǽΪǿҲһˡ
˵ãԷΪǿҶôһݲô޿ֵġҶҪ棬ѶԷ԰ʱơ
Ҷص̤ˮһţˮ涼΢΢ˡȻ˲صǿҶʷ˳ȥԳ˹ȥ
ԳһҶʽϵĽӴˡβˮһɨһˮҶʡ
ҶʲҴ⣬ǲһͨˮ˲ĹעԵУúǿֲ
ҶһĲˮ֮ϡǰһˮһ˿ɫĽСҶѾȫĳ͸һ˻ʽĽܹκε̬ġһξ룬ˮʹҲǺɵġ
ɫˮԾˮײһ˲ըˡϸСˮ飬˷䡣
Ҷڼͣһˮͬʱ˫ٴη̤ˮǰɱ
Ҷʳˮһָǰָ̳պǴһˮ顣ûбҶʴ÷顣Ǹı˷ǰ˳ȥ
ˮΪ˽ɫŽתԳ˹ȥײһΣΣΡεˮ顣۳ߣԡ
ɫˡʮֵѿ˵ġҲʲôΧˮͻȻըһŵˮܡ
͸Žɫˮߣ˺գײһŵˮܡ
ݵľ֮ˮܺȻ飬ٵǱðһЩˮߣһ͸Ե塣
ԵͷһѪۡüпһһ㡣
ҶüͷȻǶܲġһ£Ҷʿ׼ԵĴʺλȥġˮܴƫ˷򣬻Եüġ
ѪҺüʶȻû˵ͷֻƤˡдѪҺʽԵ˫Сɫ˫Ⱦһ˿Ѫɫ
ҶüͷԵٶȲûмġҶʵĹͲôǿֱҶҪһȽףԵø΢΢ˡҶΨнӽԣǿĥˡ
ҶʵĽɫȭͷҪԵԴˡǶԷһġʱҶͻȻо״һ˿Σյĸо
ͲһҪڶԷԴϣۿҪĶԷһ˵ҶʣͻȻˡΥԪһתۺˡ
սǶЩ⣬֪ҶΪʲôһġǺܿģǾͷǳҶʵĹϵˡ
һֱѪɫľצˮ֮̽˳ˡһץҶ֮ǰĵطצ֮ƣۼɭɭģǷǳĿµġ
նצӸˣɭȻϵ׵Ĺ
һûУѪצͻȻˮ飬˱СѪɫûɢٵȥˡ
Ҷ˫ٴˮصһ壬ĺˡ֮ǰҶĵطٴεĳһֲֻѪצһ֣ͬ׵Ĺ
ɥĲôȻôѪȵֶΡҶʴŭȻ֮ǰҲ̤˲١ҶǱǵжԵģҶҲѾǿƵˡ
û뵽ԷȻ˵Ϊģô񶾵ֶΡ
Ҷ˵ʲôôЩ׵أЩԻ󣬲֪ҶôͻȻ˵ĪĻ
ʵأսҲͬˡתͷʣϣʸһ𰸡


694 С
Щ΢΢ĲȻǼ˴棬Ѫȵĳ棬ǻǱĴֱʸסʹУ˵սֶΣʶûгԾġ
ȥ˵飬ǾͲˣֻһ鸯һˡֱɱŵ飬ֱɱԼΪ飬ֶʵ̫ˡҲѹ֣춼ȥˣ˾ס
ԣӦǻ˴ˮϵŻѪζ˱ǵһֻ֡˵ĺƽܹлŷŭġ
ʵĻ֮ҲɫôÿȻǵжԹϵôɱԼ£ʵ̫һ㡣
ôôѵվɱңȷѡôԷĺţûгԾҶʲ²⵽ԼֶΡ
Ҫⶼ²ⲻĻԶҪСҶˡͬʱҪԼȻᱻɵ˺˵ġ
ҶĮȻ˫ǲݵľ档Ȼԭûʲô޵ģΪս壬ҶʾôԶˡⱾİɡ
ԼҪɱԣ˵ôĴȻģҶʾԼ֮ǰĻǷϻܶԷôԼ˻ɱľ˵ġ
Ҷһ£ҪԼ˶£սһ뵽ܷĿܣҶʾ;Щܲ˵ġ
ΪıøͲеģɵѪצһֱεҶʵġҶˣѪצ͸ңκβҶʣѪ顣
Ҷص̤һˮ棬һˮѪצȥǸոճˮѪצײˣٴεɢ˱֮С
һгһɫˮˣҶʵ۳һ㳤ǹѪצٴγֵһɲǣҶ˳ǹ
һҶɾǳǹǹ⿴ƹ۳ΪһȥˡʵƶһǰСȻûаѪצ飬Գ˹ȥˡ
Ҷʳ˹ǴעⲻҶӴġצһӣˮ³ˮϵ飬ţԸǿеľн˳ǰγһºǽ
Ҷһݣ̾ԺúݵֶΡǱ˶Ƶǽ֮У˵飬ֻǱڻңô͸н˳ˡ
Ҷʲû֡Ȼ˵ûдɱɱĴ㡣ֲҶԶŪġҪֻ֣ܹ̫ˡ
ڳǹײǽϵͬʱҶһȭͷǳǹ֮ϡˮĳǹȻ顣
ССһѳǹƿ󻯳ˮĻһµǽײȥ
ǽѪĻȾһ㡣
ҶʳǹˮĻļѹ֮£һǽֱӱѹñ˿ѪһƬ˳ˮĻ
ʱ˳ˡѪİ£һѪɫһ㡣
ԺƣҶǸոպһǿֲڳǹÿһ磬óǹըˮĻġʱҶʺȥұۻûջûа취ķңһԻɱô飬ҶлЩôġ
ƵҶʵ棬צӣҶʵץ˹ȥˡ
Ҷһע⵽ԵĶˡұȷʵûа취ʱ򹥻ࡣҶʵһȣǱһһԡͬʱұ»ץ˹ȥ
ҲǷӳ٣ڷ˵ʱ򣬹ϵķˣȥҪҶʵĹ롣
ǣҶʵֱѿգ˳һץסԵһֱצӡ
ɫһſ˴ڣҶʵҧ˹ݺģž˾ĺһ񽣵Ľ⡣
ҶʵұץԵצӣĻȻһȭصĴԵ֮ϡ
Ҷʵ̫ˣǴŵͣǱҶʱɵ˼ݡͶҶʴñˡ
˻ţƴκһֻצӱҶʸץסˣôҲѲġۿҪҶʸǰˡ
һݣһֱצһ˺Ҷ˫һݵʱѾѪĵ˳ȥˡ
Ҷץһֻϵ˵צӣڿٵʧ
񶾣֪ʲôµĺ֣Ҫܡ
Ҷ̧һץŵһֻצӣͱҶʸ˰ȥˡսһӣȵĸץˡ
Сôһ㡣ңҲûʲô޼ǰ۰Ͱ͵ĶսеһԵצӡ죬Щֹš
֮ǰŵգҲǱСԻɢ˲١һȺ˶Цõġ


695 ״̬
ܹκεʱųԵĶжôļ˵ǶôĳԻ
ҺҶıȽԶһսҲȽϴ󡣵ȻˣСԻȽСġȻĻ֪Ҷʻ᲻仰֮ͻȻȻԸץסᷴˡ
Ѿ˵ѪıԵˡſһѪٵĳԡˮ޷Զٵγһ޴УһѪˮҲǳԡ
ʳ˴ѪԿʼ仯ˡƿʼǿǻң߰Ķ۶ɵġ
ԿʼɫѪ졣ҲѪ飬ϵ䡣֪ԼģǱʳġ
ɫֻ仯һ֡ѪҺ̼ڵһ˿Ѫ忪ʼ죬ǶһͷϸһͷԴҪ̧һ
忪ʼͣʼԭϣƬҲԽԽܼˡӡһЩȻ·ʵЩơ
Ѫ⾡ȥҲѪԭС棬񳤴ˡһ˿ƣѪںһ𣬲ôĴġ
ԵϣһѪھ壬ֱٵءһѪ⣬ı任״ҶϸıƬ̣Ȼˡ϶Ǳɵ꣬ûɢȥ̫ˣһȻγĻҵģˡ
ôôԭԭôǿ󡣡Щˣţ˫ҲǷɫ
ǲӵľѪ̼ıԴޱȴѪˡѪҺںһˡϵı仯Զ֮ǰˡ
һ˵ˡڵ㣬ԶˣʲôҶֱһưˮһѷĵӣصĴԵˡ
Щˣⲻŵôô˵ڵʺƵġҶ棬ǲǹҲˡ
Ҷʲû˵ӡֻͽΣûʵʡң˵ĲײģԶ㲻ˡ
˵ûڣǿޱȡɱ㣬ȻȥɱʳɾľѪҵѪҺһܹΪˡаЦһЦһ˵צӻڲͣıȻţǳĻЦ
ǣҶȴûЦԣȷʵǱøӵǿˡϢǳĹŹ֣켶׵۷صĲΪѪҺ˲ɵİɡ
ԶˣѪɫĳҶʡ
Ҷȭ˹ȥ
䡱һ졣ԭز£Ҷʱˮϵ˳ȥˮϳһˮˣ޴˻Էɽ
Ҷʳһǰʱ򣬻ֻ׵ϢȵҶʵϵʱͻȻн׵Ϊ
ҪԼ޷ĿԼ壬Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻȻ󡣸һ£ܹҶʸ˵ġ
ҶȻǱǲûܵʲôشġͻսûкܺõĿס̫ڵɢҶʵ̫ڵۡʵҶǱƳȥģ˵Ǳɳȥġ
Сӣ֪ҵ˰ɡһ²㣬һ£ҾҪ㡭ȻЩ⣬ոһ£ȻûаҶʸˡⲢûиԴʲôӰ졣Եıǡ
Ըո˵꣬ҶʴϢĻᡣڵҶʣڵϻΣûа취վԾץסʱҶʳ˹ȥˡ
Ҷɫѿԣн׵ΪӣһѪɫ˹ˣңϢڲϵ
Ҷʱ΢΢䶯µˮ汻ը˿ˡҶҲ˲ĵˡڵͬʱҶгϫ󻬶ٶҲǼ˵ġ
ʵ֮ǰҶˮϵʱ򣬾Ѿת˵߻˵ġһ߻ϵǾ޴һ߻ԼΪҶϵһʤ׷ˡ
Ҷʵ˲䣬ѪҲ˹ˡ
Ҷһȭ˳ȥһǰʮֵļᶨǰһɽҪƵġ
ҲЦţѪɫצӣҶʵץ˹ȥ
䡱Ҷʲˮٵĵˡ
ԣҶһȭ˳ȥҶ˺ܾõһһ˲ȫ˳ȥ
ȻⲻҪġҪǣǰǿᣬצཻʱͻȻήһһӴ󽵡


696 ˮ
ҶҲһոնѾ˵׼˵ġǣֻܹԲİ
һŮѾˣ˱ǿϵ׼˵ġͻȻ֣ʩ˻ûѿӣѾǲˡ
ָоôأֻ˵ǼȿģЩʧѹˡģȻǲ˵ˡʧѹﶼѾ׼˵ģһֱŵȴûе
ҶʣӵģŸѪҩʣµųԣζһǳİġҶռϷ磬սԵ÷ǳļ
ǰҶԵЩѹƵġƣȻûа취ķֱǿԵҶҪϺܶġǰǸҶһѺˡֻϣҶܹͦ͹ˡ
û뵽ҶʾȻôĸת˲ͷˡǰϢǿ󵽺˵Ը˳ȥˡǵȻˡʵ£սǵ˼Ȼǻ˵ġ
ҪɱԵġҩֻҪѪʣµ⣬ǿԿԵ˵ġζǴ󲹵İ
ǣֻҶʰԸɡΪҶͻȻˡȴ֪⵽ʲôġ
ҶûлǵĻΪҶҲԲ׼ԵϢʲôʱǿʲôʱġ
һûᡣ԰Ҷʸ˵ʱ֪Ҫʤ׷һһҶȻҲǲŹڵһġ
һ壬ǧˣҶھ޴ķ֮£Գ˹ȥˡ
Եڿз֮ǰеһɲǣǸĻܶ½˵ġҶʸΪһʱò׵סڵơ
ҶʸӦԵϢǺûͻȻǿҲ룬Ȼ٣ȭ˹ȥˡ
顱һ죬һһҶһˣ˱
ҶǾ޴ˮ涼һֲĴ˳ˡ
ҶʺġȥǸ档Ҳ̲ס˳֪ΪʲôÿοҶʵսôĳģǳˬ죬Ѫˡ
Ҷʵսôֱӣôıǵ͵ıѧǽ̿һĽ٣Ϊġ
ҶʲûǵĴСҲûгʤ׷ˡ
ΪҶʸո˽Ųʱһľĸоз
ҶҲ룬һԶ˿ȥˡ
ٶȻһġҶʱϣתŵ˳ȥˮϣޱߵ˻
Ҷ֮ǰĵطųһѪɫ塣֮ǰҶʸˮеԡ
ڵԣϢǷǳǿ˵ġҶʶҪˡ
޴ࡣ֮ǰ˵ҪҵѪ˵Ҫҡ浱Ǻ۸ôԷĴЦţͷɭצӡһ˿ɫѪҺ֮ǰҶʵʱŪġ
ôҷǽıס͡ڻҶţҪԣ»ʱķŹҶʣİɡ
ҶȻҳһ޴ˮӣǲûȥˮվһĨѪ˿ھͱҶʸֹסˡҶһһˮб˻ʽģлЩɫѪɫһ͸УһЩĽɫϸ˿һ
ͬʱǺˮİǸˮӸˡҶʻðˮƽ档
Ҷһ̤ٴεĳԡеˮ裬ʽ󿪴ϡϵԵк
еˮҶʵѪҺУһЩ͵ȵѪҺźǿĿųõġ
ÿһζǿ캰صĺвͣÿһ¶ϴһĿӣô۵ġ
ԵܴһֶЩӵѪġǳĲܹ࣬ҶʵĴĻѪסġҶʾƾһ㣬Ƕ˸൱ˡ
ץסͻȻϢ˥ȥҶһԵļ֮ϡܹһɭɭļ׵ǣ㱻Ҷʸն˵ġͬʱһŲԵı֮ϡԱѪҶʸһ̤˱֮ȥˡ
ҶʵƬ̣ǶԵӰһֱûгˡ
ȻþôȥЩ׵ġҶҲҪŹĻᡣ֮ǰǰԸ˵ġҪǾôɵţԻ޸ƣ֮ǰһʱ䶼æˡ
Ҷһ£ֱӳȥˡǿΧһյشҶʿٵ³塣


697 
Ľ⣬ҶʳŵúܴҶΧһֱǸɾˬġȻû½Ͻ̤ʵص̤ʵоǻһڿƽصĸоûˮܵˮļѹǿҵʧصĸоġ
ˮеԪϡԽԪԽŨ񡣲Խ£ѹҲԽġһˮܲ˵ġ
֪ǲΪ֮ǰҶŪĶ̫ˡһƬˮ򣬶ûһֻŵġеĶȥ˵ʯˮƯ
ǲ֪ǱҶʸġǱԸɱѪġ˵ǱҶԵǿĳֵŪġ
ҶֻǿҲرĵġ
ԶЩǻ۵ԶԶĶҶʣǵԪĲȻ˵΢ǱһҪǿϲٵˡҶ룬Ҳûץһʻ˼ġ
ΪĹϵЩˮǲ̫ĽӴġңУĹϵ˵ĽšһƬҲֻһӵɽˡ
½ϵٵӴһ¡ö֮ģѧԻǺ׵ġǲˮˮ˵ġ
Ҷʷ·Ĵĸϵԭ
ˮˣоϾǻһϢ˲ʧˡҶ½ˡ
Ҷʵʶȫɢȥˡûҵˮߵҵ˲ٵġ
ҶĺܻɣһġŶõĹһϢûˡ
һˮҶʳ˹ȻͬɫģҶʻǸˮĲͬˣӦһˮ
ҶǰĳһƣǸоޱȣǱһɽһԶԶû֮ǰôɵˡĳȥҲǸոոճҶΧĿ϶طʱ򣬸ոսӴˮɢȥ˴롣
һȥȻˮıѿˡҶʷǳĲ⣬һ£ֻʮ֮һˮ˵ġ
Ҷʲ֪ǣҶǱ֮󣬷ƽ˾ˮ֮ϡҶʵһ¹֮£ɸߵˮˣȻֺȻˡ
ΧˮԽԽҵˡҶʻΪԼոһĺֲ֢ӵġ
ˮŤҶʳ˹ˡҶʲϵĳһһƵġЧʮֵԣҶ֮ǰĳȥһЧȫɢ˿ȥˡÿһɵ˺ޣֻˮҶʸˡŸˮҶʳ
Ҷüͷ̫󣬶Чʮֵĺõġ
еĽ͸ĳͱҶиˡĴǿľˮ˷ȥ
ˮСҶʸ㹻ǿͬʱˮܵҲǷǳСġһ˲ΧˮƽҲûһˮˡ
ҶͻȻֵˮ֮УȻĦ
ңԽԽҶʶġ
ܿģҶʱɫһˮӣˮжţĻ졣
ÿһ϶зƣÿһ֮϶ǲơ
Ȼû¶ǿϢֻͣҶʾ֪ʲôǵĶӲʲôĶġ
һӴҶʵΧХҶնյı˿ȥ
廹ûü̬ڶִǵĽǶȳ˹ˡҶٴŤһ£Ʈȥ
ԽԽ࣬ҶҲǶøӵļѡüΣҶʶնյıܿˣǸоҪˡ
ۡƤⱻҶʵ߼һˡһŵĽɫѪȥԶС
߼򱻶ˣҶ˲ǸоЩˡǿ̧֣ץסһ˿Ҷʳһ亹
۱̶סˡҶʶĶͷΧܵ˺ܴˡԵһҶʵķ
ҶȻǾȫڶǻȺ󱻶˫šֻһֻұˡ
ҪǹؼʱҶʲڲ׾г˻ʽ£ұҲһĴˡ
ĪͰҶʸطȻûʲôƻǺҶڵԪһЩѹ
Ľ⣬ѹƵòϵֻǿҶʵһ㣬ȫˮС
ҶʲϵǳûбסĲλܶ˫ţǲܹ춯ֺˡ
ҶЩԾ⵽ʲôҶʿɲţոս׵ܹ˿µֶΡ


698 
ҶҪˡڲϤĵطҪȥǷǳõѡġ
ںˣϡͿˣȻϡͿıˡ
Ǹ֪ЩġȻԼˡǣҶʲʵġԼ֪ôˡ
ﱻţ֪ᷢʲôġҪǣ񻹲֪׶ʲôط᲻ڸԼȫסʱ򣬾Լһ
ҶžʹҪǿǣȫϵˡ
Ҷʲ˻ʽȥҶȫղİ˻ʽҶ趯ܲ͸ģһִ˵ġ
ҲҺ˻ʽķˮסģҶ˳һЩȻָвѵ£ܻ©һġ
¶һ˿ҶʵĶˡȫ˲ı䣬ȥһ㡣Ϣ̫ˡҶʲ֪ôݣû˿µϢ
صϢ֮ǹҶʵ˲˻ȥˡ˻Ҷʵ壬Ҷʸ֮⣬ҲûĹˡ
ҶһиĻǳԾ⵽ʲôϢ˵Ŀ¡ԵֻһСƵģʲôǿ߲¶һ
ǿߣǷǳԵˡǲ֪ǲǿߵĳʲôġǵĻ鷳ʹˡ֪˻ʽܹܲסԼİȫ
Ҷһ̶Ҷ˵ġҪǾǿߣԼ̫ˣԼˣԼɱģ鷳ʹȥˡ
Ҷøӵˣˮϳһһľ޴ˮˡ˻ʽֶϵ˹ȥ
һͶϵȻǱûĽûбնϡ⻹ǵһη˻ʽնϵĶȻ֮Ͽһۼϵ·ҲһЩơ
Ҷһһµػˮϳһһˮϵ˿ڱҶŪ˺ԽԽ󡣲ҶʿٵתڵԪ޸šڳûпϣȰԼŪ÷ʬˡ
ûһ£ͱ˿֮ϣҶʲϵĵ
ϡһ죬ҶʵŬ£ϵǱն˵ġʣµİؿҶʵļͷģҶȥ˲ͱ˴·ӡʧˡ
Ҷˣոִ۳ɵʵ廯ֲôĽʵ
ҶԼǿ˻ʽķն˵ġڵԪǱѹƵ޷תġ
Ǹʲô׼ġҪ֪ʲô˶ôǿİ
Ѫһǳ˳ˡ峺ˮУһĺԵǸ۵ġ
ڣԵϵ˿ڣԵʧ˵ġϵѪӵŨˡϢĲôľˣһСΧˡ
Ҷһݣ֮ǰֻ˲ٵˮȥˡǸӵŨѪǺܺõ֤ô˵֮ǰһУӦòˡӦûʱġ
ôġ͸ӦҶʵķλˡҶˮУŪôĶҪԲ֪ѵİ
Ժε˴ˮٵ޲Լ壬úԼʵȶһСΧСſٵҶʳ˹
ˮԵ¡ܹʩչֶܶΣԸһҶӦûǲġһ㣬ԻǷǳŵˡ
ǿҶʽϵ͸ģԵ·ԴʧɫЩֻţҪת˵ġ
ϸһԭǶҶʵ˫ȣҶܹӣҶʷˡңҶʼͷһڻϵѪҲ֤ԵĲ²⡣
Ҿ˵ҶĶһոˣôܹءԵ÷ǳĸˡǿȻûᵽ·̫ڵĸӣȻǲ򵥵ġ
ңԴע⡣޿κεġҲͲ֮ˡ
ʲôҶһ£֣ǹİ
ġ񶼱סˡϵˣҲ޷ˡԵЩֻˡȡ֡ͷˣ޷û뵽СһȻܵôرĴˡ
Ȼ˵Ҷʽһ£ȻûкгĴ㡣ֻǸҶʣ㱻סˣˡĸҶʣѾӲԼĵˡ


699 Ӿǲ
ԵĻ͸¶˺ܶĶҶ֪ⶫһˡ϶µĳһطġ
ңǴעģӦûгɹҲǵģôµĶôܻܹء
һǣӦԼȽϵرôˣһֱûзֹ춯Լͱȥˡ
ԶˣҶʼķϻҪֱӳҶʸ˺ѵġҶеķâ¶ĳԶ࿴˼۵ġļɵܵľⲻһװĳ
ֻצšеˮھҵתţ˶ıеˮھҵת
ҶˮԽԽ׳ˮͻȻ½һ롣׳ˮϰ𣬰ǽıˮˡ
ҶҲ¶˳Уûа취
ҶԣֳĶҲ̫˰ɡһ̶ûͣһĹս̫ǿˡǱˮ֮ϣʱʱĳľ޴ˮгơսЩȻ˵
ս棬ĳģǳҪսǺҶʡԼܹºԵˡ
ʱˮǷˡԵǰͬķתŵġֵָĺˮԵľ֮ǰˮϳĵطΪĵġ
ˮͻȻȥ˴롣ϰ벿ֶ¶˳ˡսſˮ֮µ
һѪӵ׳ˡתŵˮ
֮ǰɸߵˮ˵ĵطǽɫҶʵӰʱҶʣȻ˵ġ
͸Ĵ󶴣ɫѪҺڲϵĴ˳һŷ֡ԭⲢʲô͸ġһ߸һӺ׶͸ˮҶʵĴȣȻУҲ˵ġ
Ҷʱģûа취ѡЯģתķȫ෴ˮҶʿ
ҶɫЩѿԣȻֶΣ֮ǰһֱûʹùģ֮ǰԻһֵˡ
ϵҶʸѿˡϰûѹƣҶܹܺõתԪϰﵽһѭ
ɫԪһ޴ԲĹܣҶʸУҲֵˮĿ
ˡˮײǽɫĻȥˡҵתҶʵĻҲˮžҵתš
ˮĽһʱ֮仹ֲߵҶһ֮Կıˮûеһʱܵġ
ҶǷ˺ԵĴˡ˻ʽȫĸ˰ĳ
£صն֮ϡҶȫ˻ʽȫ֮£ϵӦϡҲǱҶһ£øӵѪģˡ
ҶüͷûһµģٵתԪ޸ϵ˿ڡе˻ʽӳһֲĽ⣬ˮضϡֳݣݡ
ڲƽⱻȫƻˣˮȻ顣ǵˮ˺Ȼ¡
ȻûҶʣ˱еˮˮ໥ײ˾޴ˣųʪˮ˲ͰҶʸƷ˳ȥˡ
Ǵ·ԣҲǱĻó˵¡
Ҷ˱ߣҳһƣһУҶƽС
Ҷʣû°ɣǿٵĳ˹ˡеʵ
֮ǰҶʿЩǱġס֮󣬻Թͨ죬ȻصĴƲˮ֮ѹҶʡ
ҶҲʵǳһ£ܹôǿĹ
û£пֲĶһСģ˵ˡҶʲûʲô󰭣ֻǱشƸѹһ£û˵һҲҶԼȥģûˮǰնˡȻĻӵеġ
ԣҳҽ첻ƤҶҲ׵ˮˣվǰߣű
ҶʶԪǳľд͸ˮھҵķڡ
ӾǲһǺˮԵġ
Ҷʱһ¡û뵽Ի˵һ仰ôƤĻҶһֱΪֻԼ˵ĳġû뵽ٴεһ⡣
Ҷʲʺˮȥսġˮ£ܶʵӲܵ˷ǳơҶŵģʮֵı


700 ɱ
Ҷ˶ݵļν֡ҶҲ˽ñȽϵ˵ġҶвóһ
ȻƽռϰʲôĶû⡣һЩطҶרҵʿ򶷣ǾǷǳĳԿ˵ġ
ԳУںˮеĻʮֵӦˮвԵ¡һ˺ˮķΧҲкܶķʲôǷӲġ
ˮ֮£Ե¡ˮ֮ϣǾҶʵĵ̡
Ҷʵ̴죬ͬҲǲġȻˮ֮£ҶʵĹͬǿֲޱȵġҶԵǻĹġǶҶơ
ңˮ֮¡ȫ԰ҶϵԴͷͲŰҶġ
ҳҼҶŭˣǱ˼ľˡ
Ҷ¼ڿˮ㡣ҲԵġˮ˴ŴŵˮҶʵķ˹
Ҳ֪ǲǿˮҶʾЩġֱӸϢˡ
ģˡǸոʵʱһ߶Ǿ˵ƣһգһĺơҶֹ˵ǳĲ
仰һһǼҪѪҲҪϰͷͬҶʵĻǿŰۣ˵˭ء㲻һǲҪˮԸȳô֣ˡ
ҪˮԣˮһֱǷƽ˾ģûһ˿ĶûгҲǳ׵֪Ҷʵ˵ġսڣСĽš
ôȥءͬĻһҪ˵һΡҶʷ˷ۣԹˣǳѪĳȥǲвô
ȿȣҾ˵˵ѡô죿սѯʡ
ҲĲսʤˡȻˣҲˣͺ˵ġҶЦһ
ڵԪĳ˻ʽ֮СñѾâ¶˵˻ʽԵøӵ財ڲĽٴεıҶȫĻѡֲϢ˻ʽΪģӡ
սĹ˹·Щˡ
Ҷ̧˻ʽ˺֮ϡٵķŴ󣬺ܿľͱһѲľ޽ˡ
ð˳Ľˮ涼ȿˡ
˻ʽϢǺɢˣȱȳĲԡ

ĦУƿˮ棬ѸٵĳǾ޴˻ʽ
Ҷü֪⵽ʲôԭ֮ǰҲǣҲǡֻҪԼ˻ʽϢķͻԶĹͺΪԼ׼һ
Ҷʵұ΢΢һ£Ǿ޴˻ʽҲ΢΢𶯣׵˺ա䣬Ҫնϡ
Ҷ뷨ȻãγǴСһһڵϵ·Ҫ֮ǰĸӵöġ
ϡУֻǰˣûһˡ
ոձɣֳģѸٵĲ˻ʽĽ֮ϡҶʵұ֮ϣǳӰ
һת˻ʽٵѡ޽ʧˡһɫĹʵʡ
תҲת˻ʽҲô׾ܹƷġܿѵɶ
ײ˴̶ңԽԽˮ˻ʽ
ҶüӿɲǸ취ԭҪһģû뵽Ȼôסˡôȥ˵˻ʽᱻߵˡ
չԶһҶʵϡԭϢЩ˥ܵҶʣǴ˼ѪһģͻȻսǳ֮ǰˡ
Ҷһͳ˻ʽϷĿӦһ£ͨ˻ʽҶǸӦԵķ˵ġʱںףǰԶķԴء
˻ʽ̫ڣҶղסģſ֡Ŀס˻ʽβתŵ˻ʽҲһ٣ͻȻֹͣתͻıǲ˿ȥˡ
ץס϶Ҷʷƶ˻ʽһȥĿ֮ϵġ
ΪҶʵĿӵķˣϵҶ˹
Ҷʵٶ̫죬һ˲䣬һһյˡ
һҶһԵ壬Դ˻ʽҲٵСԸ˽ϡĽٵĴݻԵܣĲˡ
ҶҲͣתɿϷ˳ȥٶǷӵ˼޵ˡԿһ㣬϶ͻᱻٴεĲס￿̫Ҷʲ֪ûѵĿܵˡ


701 𾪣
ҶǰеһˡٶȻǼģǸҶʵٶȵġ
ٴε¶һҶļµϢҶʵ˲䡣ûͣҧ˳ȥ
һƳҶʵ˾Ĵˡ
ˮУˮײһеñֱġĲмһ
м䵽ʲôѾûа취ˡһĲƣһӨĴһ
һЩҲ֪ˡȴûմȾһ˿ĳྻ
ҶǱܵĸоһϢǴһ¶ˡôѹôǿϢ¶ǶôµĴڡôӡģ˭ɵء
֪ǲܵҶʵĿӰ죬俪˲֡һ˫ɫ¶˳
Ҷŷ֣ǾӨȻĻġЩȻһԽɫĽȿ˵ġ
Ҷ׻ѪҺҪˡһûκεĸ鲨Ҳ˵ʮֵı䡣ǾǸޱȾ޴ѹ⵭ע㣬˱ġ
˻ʽҵĶϵĴ̼ҶʣҶʲһ˽ȥ
˻ʽҶƿˮ棬һ˰ߡҶʵ˵ϣҵĴϢš
ոһֱۣȾսҪҶʾƣ͵ġҶãһˣдɱĻ᲻ֱӵҶʡ
һӰû׷ġǶҶʲȤҶ뿪֮󣬾ͻıˡҲǿٵһӰٴεķյ˿ܺϵˡ
ҶûзֵǣӰȻǿޱȡȴûκεϢһ˫ӣҲǲûκεϢģǿϢڵסˡҶʸͲֵܷġ
Ҳ˵һһǿΪǣֻһЩܡûʶ֪Ǳ˭ӡˡҪҶʷЩĻ϶ӵľȵİɡ
Ϣѿ̽һֻɫצӡצ̫ڵӴˣյġ沼ɫƬɢ͵Ĺâ
䡱һ£ֱȡǺȥ
ҶʼȫѪ˳ȥڱжѪԵЩˡ
⻹ֻǹನನ㲻ϵġֻ˵ǾצǿҶǡ
죬ˮ³׳һǱǻţ֮ǰҶʵʱǲͬնġ
Ҫ֮ǰҶʵʱҲӵĻǻӵõҶѵġֱӾͱɱеˡ
ϢӳţøӵĿֲˡÿһܹ׵˺һ𶯣ܹղͣĻ
һֻ޴ƣҲ࣬ȻҲǺġмǳʱ˳Ǳ˹ȥ
ˡҶɫ䣬˲ϵơһѰԵʬ˻ʽȡ
ȻһھѪ˻ʽ֮ϡ
սƣ˻ʽѸٵĸˡҶһȺˣֱ˺ѸٵԶȥˡ
ϣ趯øӵĿˡǾ޴ıһ龵һѳˡ
䡭ײϣһſǳñ˿ˡ
ҶǸԶǱˡٴοѪѩϡ
ԶܹǱ֮УסˡȻҲǰǹĲˡȻոһ£ɽܶ˲ķѵˡ
ҶкȻ⻹ֻǱĹನôµơҪĳ˳ˣҶǿ϶ǵһܵˣòܹˡ
ȣһڸ߿գԶԶɽӣ֪Щʲôǧֻǻһ̾Ϣ
ɽһӴĺǳ֡Өһ˲׹ϸѪ⣬һصľˡ
ŵĵȴǿҪʼôǣаҪһʱ䰡һž޴ǳȻֿٵĻ˻ҽƮƮ
ݵĴ˵ĵط¡¡죬ѿһĿӣڲгȺĹǼһֲ˲صǰһƽȥ飬ȫ˰׹ӵصѿĿӡ
һУϢеģǼеûиӦ˿Ϣй¶ˡ


702 壡
ս˺ܾãƬסˣʲôˡֻܹڲĺϵģڽдײ
ҶǲûмԶȥ˻ʽͷɢ˲ĹԣסҶطҶһ˿ŵأڱսನ
ֻһ˻𣬴սʹ˽ˡӴצջ֮СҶʿצмֲѪ´Ѫ꣬ٲһʡ
ҲǶ˲١ϢЩңûȫջȥ󲿷ɢ˿С
ԭѾˡһǣںηȥˡϺƴɫצ˵ġ
仰Ϣʵ̫ˡɫצӵˣµǿеġǺµǿߣ֪ת˻Ѿˣֻһ¡һǿսȴûӦѾԭǸǿˣһĴڡ
Ķȥˡǰٴεıƽ
Ҷһ󵨵ľҪǰȥһǿߣʲôսǰĹನ϶ûг׵ʧģӦܹһ۰צӡ
֮ǰĴսǰѾǱ˵ġʲôûˣѩ˵ϵܹġ
һ·ϣҶʷ˲ȾѪѪ飬ǱѩУ֮ǰĴս˵ġ
һ·ϲûκεΣˣܿҶǾʹ»صǱǰ档ǰʲôûеģ֮ǰûüܵȫˡ
ϿգǻҵģϢɫһ𡣸ַڲʱʱĻһЩ˳˺˽ȥ
վսսУо˶Ҫ˺һ㣬ʮֵĿ¡ҶҲǸоҵԼϡ˻ʽϵ𶯣һƾųҶžúһЩ
ˮǻǵģѪ׺Уһ޴׳
ҶˮУ˱һ㡣ŷ֣ˮѾˣеѪζɢһ㣬Ҷʲµ׼ȷĻӦþеȫһͻĴսгΪƷȫˣһƯˮϣһסˮ档
߰ɣս̫ˡܹԤġҪһЩʲôǲܵģѾܹȥӦķΧҶƣȻ󵭵˵
Ҷ˵ģսȻûġҪҶҪ붼ûġ
սͷһ·úٵȥˡİΣսһ㶼һҶʾЩ֣ûжʡһ֪ˡ
ȥ·ϣ֮ǰѩĵط޸Ͻ˹ȥ¾Ͱѩ˳һһֻ󣬸˵ò˵ӡ
ѩ󡻹ЩģССĸЩҶҪæǱ޸ܾˡ
ֻ˵һ䣺Ҫɱ˵ѩ󡶼ϲȥһôүүӡ
ҶҲѡһЩ͵Ұޣ˵Ҳϲߵġ
ʵǷŲˣŰݡѩ֮УЩʬ屻ţһʱҲḯõġ
סĵطһ滷ɽĵط涼Ƕ͵ĸ궼лѩǣֻһܹҲ͵Ϯġ
ҶǻʱȫɽȵĿǰĴսʵЩԾˡ
ɽΧɽУ̻ƵģңҶܹӦǿϢ֮ǰǳ嵽Ѿ˵սನܹƸ׵ġ
ҶˣɽеЩֻţΪʲôǿ͵ϮˡɽĺŽǿӰ˳ˡɽȵĿϣһ򵱹Īļơ
Ҷһ£һӣ˾Ÿ켶ǿߣʾǿˡң⻹屻޵֮Ҫ֪֮ǰ壬˿ڻǷǳӴġ
ս壬ȷʵԼһġ
ǣýšսǳҶЦЦȻתͷǰɽȴ󺰡
սսսվǰļ˶һˡ֮ǰͻǲսǻˣֲôøŵġ
ýţսˡѾȷսݣҲˡתͷɽڴ󺰣ôҶҪٿֻˡ
ĺɽڣܿľͳʮӰվڹȿڣĵȴš


703 ѹô
ҶһֻмˣӲ߳˺ƺƵơҪŵĶʵ̫ˣֻ󡣬˫ֿտյġҶػսʵľһɽһ
ȫҶǸҰ޵ʬ壬ķ˺öģһֱ˷Ųˣͣ
Ҷ˹ˣȺԶѿÿһܹҶͨĴ·
ȺָָģҶһεͨʮֵĺ棬ҲЩԾģû뵽ܹɱô
ȻҲвٵǶҶʸȤġΪҶǵһμǣпûʶҶʵġ
ҶһЩ壬϶ŵĶԵǱսػҪʱЩ˵϶ЩԾġ
ҪҶ֪ǵ뷨һǻѪġҶһ˵Լˡȳƣûм⣬е
ս磬ǴʲôطİɽеСһ㶼Ҷˣڼ˵ΧǰܺģԵ÷ǳĸˡ
ոմӱǱ߻㿴ʲôսˣɲǳĴģǸϸˡСȻͳ֮ǰɱԡ
ۣԡսĳɹô峤үүоˡСƨӹսݳԡȻͨѪɫޱȣȴУ䱦ġ
սóԡ֮ǰǼ켶һٵ˹Сн˹Ĳ鿴Ƭ̧֮ͷЩ𾪣սǵǱ˵ġ
ǰԵӣЩ˶ЩŵġΪͨģҲڵһ
ôϸһ鿴ҶˡȻһ˿ѪЩˡҪѡҪǣԵƣ˲ֹһְģȫ֮ǰ֮ˡ
һԣǿֻ·ķˡû뵽ȻôľͱŪˡ
ˡ׾λСֵǣиԥ˺ܾãվ˳ˡ
ֵܣİѣûʲôΣյġܹɱҶʵĹ͡սˬʵĴЦţӹߵĻ⣬Ե÷ǳĿġ
Ҷʣ
Ҷʣ
սһ仰嶼ըˡڵҶʣԶˡǴҶʸɵһЩ飬ʹˡҶʵ˵Ҳǻΰˡ
һУǰҶʵżġҶΪ˾ӦɷҪʲôȥҪúҵġ
ܶһӾ飬ûҶݵĳͷļ̼ġҶǾǵһһˡ
ǳ¶âսǷâ¶ɽܹסһ˵ˡҶʳɳ̫ˣâ̫ҫˡ
ˣܶ˶ϲ˵ҶʵһЩġԼĺ󱲣˵û츳ĺ󱲲úõ͸㿴Ҷʡ֮ǰȫһ˼Ŭ㿴ʲôˡ˼Һöˣܹİɡ
ս˵ҶʵݡȺеһը˵ģðĶҶʿֻͣгݡһҲ۷׷ףҪһЩûһЩֵġ
˵ۣǾҶʡȻ˧ŵİ㿴ССУ̺սǶҪǿ󡣡
ȻҲ˵ʲô˲ġΪǿһô֪˽˶ٵĹҪǵܹͣǿ
˵ģ˼ҶСΪǿ˲һġܹɱⱲӶ붼ûл˵ġ

һŮĶԻŮۿɰҶǲƤңǷǳսŮԵǻˡ
ȻоͿڲԵģ˵ԵˡĲˣòεӡ
ˣҴ֣ЩȥôΧʲôءսһΧ۵Ⱥʱɢˣʼæᶫ
ŮĳҶҲ˼ڴڨ˵Ҳʲôȥڨ
ȫΧҶʵߣһĥĥһ͵͵ĶҶʿͣˡ
Ҷʸоѹô󰡣ô˿ţЩ˼
ЩŮӣǶӣҶʵǿĿģľҶʵнӴȻŮôĴ󵨣ĹҲѧˡ׷׵εĽ䣬Ҷơ
ҶʶʱоѹӵӴˡֱЩܲ˵ˡҶռ˵ıˣ챻ŮӸռˡ


704 
ҶܲˣϽ·ˡսҲǸţٵĳ˳ˡ
û뵽ɡȺԶԶˣҶͣˡսˬʵЦ
û뵽ѵҾôˡҶһΣԸղŷʾ޿κεˡ
ϢǺѴġϢǴȥġسҶЦЦĽһ£Ȼתͷ˵Լȥɣ̫Զˡ
ŶôôģҶһ£û뵽ôһ˵ġ
սʹشģ˵ԼһЩʲôҵĴ顣˵Ȼ飬ǵݶԻһ¡عЦ˵Ե÷ǳĿġ
սЩεˡоǸɻ£ĽҴһȻѾȥ˺ܾˣǵ֮һҶǲ֪İ
ǲӦóսôôô飿Ҷʻǲ̫ףɰʵס
սԸֲǲ֪пһ𳤴˸Ƕս֪֪׵ġЩ飬սĳô˵ȻŵˣֱӾͽҴˡ˵ﶼҪЦǶʱǸոսһʱ򡣡սҲƤһ֮ȻӦˡҶȤˣս鶼ˡ
Ҷһͷĺߣսʵʵӣû뵽ȻЦˡҶʿʵˣʱһ˵ġ
ˣһֱûʣôˣҶʿأ˵
ô¡ͼûˣû뵽飬һˡãҶȥˡһ£ȻԵЩЩˣҲЩˡ
Ҷصļû˵ʲôץ֮ǰջ˵ԣס˹ȥ
˼ģ쵼ߡÿһΪǿģҲǻ۵ĳš
Ϊսһս壬ҲҪʵǿԭûǿսôܹеأôܹͳء
Ҫ쵼ߣȻҲҪǻ۵ġҪǸɵ棬ʲôᣬֻġ
һһߡ΢ĻָһЩԪûĶ񻯣ѾǷǳܿɹˡ
Ҫ֪һ֮ǰ嶼ҪŲȥˡѵʱλ츳ǿߣƬɽµվλãӡ
߱ǿߵڣѾ;ƿݵˡЩֿʼˣȼԼ꣬ߵڵˡ
Ҫûгôһӵ飬Ҷϣֵ𾴵߾ôȥˡڣǰ;ĺ󱲻ûгɳȻܣǻǽİ취
ÿ˵ʱսЩꡣǰ;ĺ󱲣˵ľȻսôôߵĵλôᱻ͵ѧԺȥġ
ÿ˶Լļ֣Լ׷ѡģҲȷѡ룬㣬ҲһѡİɡҶûֱӰο˵һʵ
֪ǻǹԼûáսָؽڶˣ̾Ϣһ£Ȼɿˡ
ǰսôҲһ԰ɡпһɡҶǸոߵɽµһǰھʹ˵Ҷе㣬ϢĲ˳ȻѾҪ˼ˡ
ǵȥҵѡҲѣȻһԻġսĻشȻʾҶظϡ̧˹ȥ
㲻׼ȥǱôôôĲһҪ˵ģϢ̫ڲˣԵЩƽûдﵽҪЧ
սçײˡҺѡס˳ĻɱԴ˻ˡսĵԣĿ
ֻĦһ£صܿľȷɵˡ
ˣ֪ôƺתͷҶʣ΢Цһ̵һϵ峤һߡ
ҶʡҶ΢΢Ĺ˹壬ĻشšһǶߵ𾴣Ϊ
㣿߻۾ĶҶʡһҪɫˣԵ÷ǳĳԾǿʲô˲õĶһ


705 ԣ
ʶңҶʾЩĪġԼҲѿ㲻ǿֲġôԼǼ˹һء
սҲЩĪǿԿ϶Ҷĵһεļ档ôӣʶҶһءӣҶʻޱȵļɵġ
㲻ǡĶҶʣĿڡû˵ʵʵĶüĶѿˣһĿӣѪ
ôˣսش󾪣߽Ӵ˺ܾˣԽϲߡڿ޶˵ˣЩŵˡ
û£ԭˡ㻹㣬ֲˡڣ˵˼䣬ҶĪģ֪ʲôĵط
һըһɫ״һ˲ӡûˡһ֡ӡ
һ£ҶʶЩ˵ġԼʲôȻ˿µ׵磬Ҫκ˵ϣܹ˲İ˸ġ
Ҳ˵Ҷʵ飬ӦǱס˵ġʱ򣬽˾棬Ҫ˵ȥĲųֱӷѵĿԵˡ
ɽʿڷԾҲдط˹
ôˣ
ûʲôɡ

ǵ̫Ҫˡʱϣظովޱ䡣Ҫųӵġ˲ǳʲôǲϣôȥ˵ġ
֮ǰڸ߸˵ʰ󲿷ֶᵽеյȥˣϣҹܹ֮ŪһֵĿġ
ͻȻһֲף˺˳գˡһ£Щ˶ըëˡȫЩġҪô׵ȥˣľ鷳ȥˡ
û£ոģϢûпƺãŰѷӸըˡǶȥɡһԼһŵķסͺˡû˵ʲôֻǵĿںȵƽͣÿ˶ġ
Ȼ֪ӦòôġǴĻףʲôûпƺãÿһ˶Ŀ˵ġ˵ûܹģҲû˸ұġ
ҴææȺǴҴææȥˡǱһӵʣȴûһ
ǸɡкҶһȻתŸŲԶһŵ˹ȥȻнľ˵ӣǱͦñֱġ
;Уϵץһ켶ˣ˼䡣켶˾תȥˡٴҶʼ֣Ȼ߽ǿŵķȥˡ
ոյ飬Ǿ͵ûпûȫûзҲҪڶ棬ңҲ˵ġȵ֪ʱȻǻ֪ˡոսݣǿ˵һѵġ֮ǰһУҶᵽĻᡣ
ʵһû˵ǾǣҪ͸¶ģҲڵһʱͱ콵Ľ׸ˡʲô¡û͸¶˿Ҫȥġ
֣صľ棬뵽֮ǰһֲ硣սؿҶʵɫЩ˵ġޱȵأޱȵļɵڿһʱᱬһ
ҶˡʶֲһˣԼʲôǻôԼЩرҲھ¶İҶڻˣԼǲҲҪÿ־Լ壬һˡȻĻⲻԵôôɵ˵ô
ܸоʲôҪ˵ġδϣҶСİæһͷллˡ˵žͳҶʹ壬һ
㲻ˡƾսĹϵҪʱȻǻġҶʿɲһֵ𾴵˵һģϽһߣûдֵվԭء
Ǿٴллˡδ£㽫дʵʱ˰һκһҪҵˡҶʣпģЩ겻ѵˡ
ˣ֮ǰǱǱߣ˿ֲĴսΪսʱġǣ֪ǵսսನġʲôѯʡ
ֹǴսನսҶֵܹġҪǹڿǰմȾ˷ֺ˲³ûһ˿ġ
ʵܹ뵽һ㣬Ҳʲôѵ顣£֮ǰ켶ǿߣûеʣǲ˹ڵĿֻŵġ


706 磡
ⱾͲʲôܣҶҲֱ˵ˡ˵ԵľƴһԸɱˡ
Ȼ˵֮󿴵ǿֲսһ۰צģǿģҶǾȫ˳
󣬾þòĿ˼ɫ粻ģȻ뵽ʲô顣
֪ɫצӵǺǺеʲôĳĬҶ֪ϷԷ϶֪һЩʲôġ
ɫצӣ֪ʲôǿֲսֱû˵ġĴڣܹ˽⵽ġǺеĶͬǲ֪ʲôֻǼ˻䣬ϻкµ顣ʱ߶ҪԷսĹؼʱһ˫۾֪ôˡźˮһҵ궼ѿˡҺҲͬܣ˻
֮û˵һЩݵ顣ǲ֪ʲôĴڣһ۸ɵòȥ˵ô
֮˺ܾõģ޸ϵơһЩˡ֮ҲǾȥԵ鷳ͷԣҲֲٵģ½ɱ
һҶȥѰһҶǵΪ͡ԣոͻƲáļȵͣԸҶʶŸɵġû뵽ȻҶʵˡ
ڼ䣬ҶΪʲôĹǲö֪ˡ벻ͨҶҲͲȥϸˣ͵ʱǹˡ
ٴ̸һ֮ҶǾ͸ˡóϢǺܲõġôһĹѾǳƣˣѾҪ;ƿݵĵزˡ
ҪҶʱûаԸдǻᶯֵˡ
Ҫ޷ԣ϶һشԵġΨܹԲûǿߵʱˡ
ɽȵм䣬һĺˮ̫ֻ˽󴦡ˮм䱻ʯˣΧܹ㡣ûκεġ
ʱ֣ǺеĿյϣѾǼ˼ѵ𣬻յĺž졣ר˸տ챻ҶǸʱȥƤŪɾˡͶˮнšֻűȥųԵˡ
ϵͷҰޱýƵģ֬˳ǻ֮У˸ߵĻġ
Ũζɢ˳ÿһθеĲ档ҪԵԼȥȡͺˣ⡣
⣬п⣬ȻƵˡƲǴ½ϳùġѩУûʲôܹӦġ
ǹӾơõĶѩеҰɵġζأ΢ŨĹζûкȣѾ˵ġ
Ҷսһ˶ǳԻҶǺθڡ˼ȥȡʳǱ˿õġΪæһӾǲԣҶ˳Եˡ
ԼŪһѣԼŪҰζ￾һֿ⣬һֹӾƣҶˡþöûôʹˡ
ϴСۣûôʹˡô˵黹ҪսǶһЩģܹƬ̵ĿС
ҲǺܾûôʹˡ֮ǰԣûôḻջġżһεĿ磬ǻЩźΪϺҪʳܹϺŮ٣ܳ˵һص㡣ܹһôʳԳԵġ
ŮΧ裬ӳĵ˵Ŀʮֵ
Ҷʴ磬ǳ޼Ⱥų˻һһƬҶŵĶ
һ򿪣Ũζɢ˳ˡҶʵıӶ̲סĳ鶯¡
ʲô㰡Ҷץһ鱻г˰ƴӨ׵Ƭð
УڼȻûпôнǱһķζŨζҶʵıǻҶ˲Ͱζ
ôó԰ɡѩ⣬ɫΪ֬ʲôⱻСӵӨףҲĿһǸɰͰ͵ˡЩˣҶʸġȻҶ͸޻ǵ飬ҶһЩ
ĺܺóԡлл˰ҶЦЦ޵Դ
սҲץһЩԣġȻҲɽġѩֻǱСҪǱƵûа취ˣ˭ȥǱԵء
ҶʴٸȡһЩЦЦҶֿ˴졣
ҶʴеĶȰŶãͰǸ˰һһҶʴ磬սȤ


707 
Ҷʾ⺢ӺиԣûսǼĵϷϾСӵԣ˶ãͶ˭á
ҶҲûдӦһЩѩȻҶҲԡ
ֻǸޣүүԲ˶١ʣµһֻѩ˶ˡóԵĶҪһϾ޻һչ˲޶õģԺҪ˵໥ķֵġ
Ҷʲ֪ǣԼûгԹҶʵĻ֮󣬾ͰʣµȫĶ˳ȥ
ڼ䣬жҶʺܾ˵ŮҶȥġҶʱҪƴǵģͲġ
ǼܲŮǵ飬սһ塣ӣմҶʵĹ⣬һȥ˵ġ
ĺܸ˵ģû뵽ͻȻһҶʡңеŮҶʵ۹ⶼЩġɢĵ̹⣬Ͳûֱˡ
Щ˵ģҶʵҲǺܲÿġҶֱӾˡսضʾĵ˻ȥЩ΢ǲûзŮȴʲôûо쵽ҶǺܿĵˡ
ҶǿޱȣսͬǳȺҪ˵һͱҶʸ˦ˣһǿߣܶĶҪҶʵˡ
Ҷȴ裬оΡͬͬŵľˡǼǲסµĲҶʸĶǱҶʸ˲ֹһεġÿһҶʶǸסˣûǵȥ
˫Ŀ𣬶Ҷʵ񶼿ҪȼˡŮΪҶʹĴڨֶΡû˿ǷǳĸˡҶʵĵҪˮˣҲͨͨˣҲ֪ǲǱĿˡ
սؿҶʣҲͬǵ˵ͷһ˼ӣʲôӡ
ҪҶ֪ЩĻ˵ƨ£ս˵Ҳ裬Ů˵Ĳǹġ
Ҷʲ֪ʲôҲûпȥ˼ȫ񶼷򵥵赸ȥˡҶʾãֱԸһܻҪˡ
ߴһϢҩѾɵˡһ켶ǿ߿ٵ˹ҡŷһ͸ƿеһҩ
Ҷϳˣ֮ǰĴнӹԵǸ켶ǿߵˡ
֮ǰѾս˵ˣʲô϶Ѿ׼õˡ˵ǵԵѪҺ¹ˡôľƳɹˣҲʲôֵ顣
ֵǣûһ˿ĵġԭֵĳ棬˲ľͰˡ
ҶȻȻƳɹˡҷĴάֵġȻܹһӵģº׵Ļʲô¡Ҳû޵תĻˡ
ҶˣΪʲôһߣôǿ֧ԼôĺݵˡҪǲԼĺݣôʲôȥԼˡ֮ԶԼôĺݣΪôһȺˡ
û˵Ǽһ鿾⣬Ҷˡ켶ǿԻ˵ȻԼȡ˰ߵĿ¹⡣ߣ
켶ǿͻȻߵҲͻȻǣȴ⿾գȫˡ
ҲһЩҶ֣˴ҵע
ƾʲô˵˾͸˵ôǵΪߵزôˣ֮ǰҶʲˬ꣬ҵᷢйˣҶʺ޺޵˵
ǵΪߵһԼѡΪǡϣǸ߸˵ġǿǳüġҶҲգֻǺƽ˵Ҷ֪ʵ
ͬһȴĿţʲôˡҪˣʹš
ͬĻҲ˵ڶ顣ǽˣһ˵սġҪݶԻôѡ񡣳㻹ôڣʵʵҶʵ˵
С˺ܶҰޣǱҲǿȥˡϸһ£ѩѪġˣӦþҰ޵ʬ塣ѩصģǷʮµҲǲỵġҶʵ˵Ȼת뿪
Щսǲ˵Ҷ˵ʲˡʱҶһ˵ˣֲò뿪ˡ
ԼˣȻĻҲԼеˡڻߣǣ˵򰡣Ļû˻ĸ˵˰ɡ
ԣҶʺֱִ֪뿪˵ġ
ҶʾֱߵɽȵĿϣԭķ紵˽ҶҲ˲ٵˡ


708 
աŲԶĵطԵǸ
е˶ȥĺˮпȥˣϵĳһڵľûˡˣĽŲǺġ
սأûԼϢԣҶʲûͷѾ֪ˡ
սݸҶһ鿾ýƵĿ⣬ȻֵݸҶһƿӾơ
ҶҲףֽӹˡ֮ǰߵ̫ˣ̫ˣҶʲôûдϵġ
ҪǸҶһεĻᣬҶһῸһͷ¹ģ˳ЯһЩӾơҶʶҪԼˣûгԱװʲôƵءոֻˣ˧ˣԼûгԱʵˡ
лˣߵ̫죬ûгԱӡҶҲֱֽ˹
սҲ˹Ҷʵˡ˴ŵĶͬһƿƣһĿ⡣ʳˣ֮ǰ˶һֶˡ
лҸʲôҸллġ֮ǰЩȻҶסҲÿֱ˵»ôᡣҪվΧһĲ֪ô졣սٴεĳԸлǳϡ
֪Ҷһ£˵һȷʵó˵ȻһУǵϣУ϶Щ㲻ġҶʵ˵û˵̫ڵֱף˼Ѿ˵ĺˡ
ŽᣬҲСɵġȻ縺ΣͬġǶصĳƺҲ˶صĵλ
гЩ͵ģ׷һǿߡ˭ܹĿÿءǹҵˡȷʵǴ建ĻָһЩԪˡ
ңɽУĵˡҪǺеĪˡѾǱˡ˵ûеˡ
еһʿ˼ˡ⻹ûͶλȤˡȻ˵ûֱӵ˵Ǵôģﶼġ
Ҳ˵֮ǰҩˣܹһʱǼٵˡǵȻˣΪôĶˡȻǵҷĵ𾴵ġ
𾴡ųλõĿ棬Ҷûл˵ʼȥһģδѵģǰ׼ı
֪Ҫ֪ڲűôŽᣬҾֱӿ˵ˡαصȵ㿪ڵءô˵Ͼˡ׼Ǻ㡣ҲͬҾˣи񣬶ŲᵱķġսüˣȻͷ͵ĺһھơ
û£뿪һͺá֮ԻоǾܹѹһͷġþԵʵȥסǵʱ򣬾û˻Ϊˡ㲻ķˡҶٴȰһ䡣Ҷʺƣ˵˵ĴˡڹԼˣڱĿ϶ҲԼˡԼﰲοˣһԼڹˡ
дһը죬пֲϢ˲ϯӡ֮ǰܹĵشȼգһ˲Ϩˡӱޱȡֻܹǲ̫ǹ⣬һġ
һ𣬴ڵĽ䴦һѪɫǿֲѪ⣬˴еÿһ䡣ôӶһѪɫ
߿ȻֹǱһֻεĴס˲һ㡣Ѫһ˲ͱ˿ˣѪ
Ѫˣ֮ǰСҫŵ⣬ԽԽ貣ԽԽĿ
ϹȻûҪ·ȻҪһҲʰ貵ԣ˷ŭɽл죬˶ĤҪˡ
˭һֱҪ壬Ҫɽİһ̲̬ǳϡ
һֻգٵķŴաһѰǱ˿еԸץС
ǴһԾͱٴεˡһߣûķѵķȥˡ
ɽаһ£ʲôϢʧˡƬ̵ĳ֮סٴγ˿ֲĹâϢҲɢ˿һְԵޱߵϢ
ϲսȥĵطĺš
ϲɽУͬͬһֵͬ𾴵ߡ
ɡܹػһʱˡҪŽᣬҪŬѾһʱˡ𣬴ɽеÿһ䡣Ҫöˡ
֮ǰ˵㣬֮ˡ


709 ң
ˣɢΪۣȡ۷ءֻΪܹ֮ػһӣֱĵܹƺŵˡ
һǿ߶֪˾սһҲ֪ģǲ֪ģҲԤеġһľǲԸϵˡ
ô˵۷ʱˣΪԵͻơԾΪϸһ¥ˡ
վˣǳʲôġҪŻضˡǰЩȨСйЦˡ
µ˵ǰˣ֮ǰ㲻ȫһˡȻ֪˵Ƶǻعⷵյˡû˸ҵ˵Ҵµļ˿磬ֵġ
Ҳ˺ܶ࣬вٵƣһһȫˡ٣ͨûʲôͬġ
ҶǵȻҲĽȥˡҶǱͻҪٳһЩģȻûӴ֪ͨ˾ͻȥ˵ġ
ߣרͳʳҲõĻ˹šЩҶЩĿ⣬ҶȻǵûпˡ
֪ΪʲôֵķΧ֮£ҶʼǾЩкǷ꣬ʲôҪһġ
ⲻĪģҶʶдͷԡûʲô鷢ңҶҪֵܶҵ˵ġӦǺġзоʵõˡ
ʱƣҶʵķоԽԽǿˡ
һĿѾǹȥˡҶʵĲûƽԽԽꡣ
һҹҶʵ޷еˡڴ˯ˡҲ֪Ƕ˯ĵһξˡô˯
ҹҶʾͱϲ˹һ亹˵̫Ӳ˯òʲôģҶجˡ
ξУصԨУİ׹˳ǽļɾ
Щ׹ɽֲһˡɽеİ׹ǣǴصԨİ׹ǣһϢѪϢͬЩ׹еģӦǿıԴŵġ
Щǿġģͨ࣬ũ߶ܹˡ
ģǿĲǹʵܹǿܹʿ档ֲģСˡ
Щ֪ʹ֪ƣ롣󲿷ֶǱʹŵģûʶη޷
Ϊ壬ۼڼطеǿߣҲۼһطֿЩ߲ѵġ
ǣЩʵ̫ˣֱɱһĴӵص˳Ǳˣǲͣ½ŲġܴɢĹǼУҵԼõϡ
Ҫǣֻȫķ顣ѹӵĴˡ
Ҷεˡɽ᧿Σˡ
Ҷһ˲ӴˣڵĴϢţһ亹Ϊɽ䣬ҶʶоЩ쬵ˡ
ҶʺҪ֪ôˡҪڵԪһֱǰϤ·ڻתĻҶʶҪԼǲˡ
ôҶʻû顣ΣյʱҲһ˲嶼бܵʾûġ
Ҷʷ˯ţԲ˯ˡ룬ɽй
ôˣҶһ㶣תͷʣɻʵ
ҶʿǼǵúģŵʱڳ˯ôһĹҲųˡ
˯ţһϵһֱڷ˵һЩλô˯ʰҶһۣЩôˣЩһֱǹֵֹģǰɲӵİ
֪ЩһֱġղŻجˡҶҲ֪ô˵Ī飬֪ʲôطʼ˵ġ
ʿҶʣЩǡҶʱΪ̫ˣʶЩӦˡҶʺǱһһˡ
ҶͬҲ֪ԼʱΪ죬ķģûҷѾǷǳĲˡ
ǰҶʣɽȿӷһˣԶԶľͳҶʺ
ǣҾҶʡʲôôҶһ£ʱΣԷԼʲôأ
ģɽȿһˡ˵Ҫ㣬˵ɽġҲֱ治壬ˡʵĻشǼ򵥵ĸһġ
ҶľЩˣеĲӵǿˡ


710 һţ
֮ǰξеĻ棬ٴǰ֣Ҷһ˿ҶʺܿѹȥˣͬʱҡɢԺе뷨
ûΪɣҶһƽ˵
ûУ˵ʶҶ㣬ǻֵصġ˵Ļش𣬺ûҶеĹŹһġ
ǾͺãȥҶʴĻӦһ䣬ںˮ˵ˮĴһǱĸоҶ侲һЩ
û°ɡ֪һЩʲôǵġһֱҶʵԱߣҶʵ鶯һġüͷҪ嵽һˣҶʵǸӵĵˡ
û£ܻвõҪˡҶʺҵ˼£ϵˮĨȥˣ˵
һҶֱӳɽȵĿϡ
ɽȿϣһҵͷɢһߡҶʿһ£ûϳ
˵ˣҶ룬úȥ˺̫ˣôһĹ˯ˡҶ˼˲ת˹
Ҷʣҵˡ˸ոת˹ǺЩԺӣ񡣶Ҷʣŷ˻
˵ˡǲ˼ʶ˲ࡣӦôİɡҶʵ˵ûмűֳĳġ
ȻСдżһ£Ȼ˲䷴Ӧ˹ݸҶһŷ⡣
ҶʸϽӹżĿһ¡ŷϵǼҶּǳңҶҲϳˣǴϵּŷ½ǴһصıǣԪӡȥģЩüٵġ
Ҷµľ˺һŷ⣬ķɿ졣ɫҲǲϵı任ҶóҶʵû¶ɫġżеݣߵĿɲʲôĶ
ˣʲô֣ʲôʱдģҶʰеżһԴʡȻתͷʵ
ҡҽû뵽ԼһŵģȻᱻҶʵ֣ǳļûҶصʲôһ֮ǰдġȻһ·񱼣Ϊޡ
˵Щ˼ˣǿҶʵļҲˡЩǣһ˻ᷢܶ飬Ҳ֪ڵôˡ
ȸҽɡǽȥԵ㶫˵Ҷ˵ʱ䣬еĲӵǿˡ
ôȥҲ޲ġ뵽ӦûûгԷңϢҲǺܺõӣҶһѰ
еԪתһȦƣ͵壬һЩ
ȻҶҲ˵صĴڲȥˡϣûϨģһֱһЩҰζСšδࡣ
ң⼸ϻ˲ٵġʳﲻҪԣʱеġֻҪһ飬ҪһֻϽȥſˡ
ҶʺģԶҶûʲôθڣֻһģȻһֱûжˣ˼һЩ
ʵ̫ˣҲҴҶ˼ڶ˵гԵģòˡ̻ʵģСͷѩţͣ
ԱˣҶȻһЩ飬ոͣʱҶҲʱĿˡ
Ա˳ԱˡϽӲһǵͼĴһá
߰ɣҶǸڲɽȥ
Ȼ֪ҶҪȥʲôطҲ֪ҪʲôŵģҶҲû˵뿪ңڵ״̬Ҳǲʺ̵ľͻȥġ
һͨСǰ档ҶվˣҲ̵ͣվҶԶ
ҶҶʲû̵ľͽȥվſڴغ
ɡд˳ǽյķţԶѿˡ
Ҷ̧˽ȥĸЩľн֮ǰѾ˵ˡҲһǿߡû뵽ŸոҶʵĴܹ֮ˡ
Щ죬μ㡣ЩĲɵģ֪ʲô⡣˽Ҳùʵġ͵ԼҵˡСӻǳסİҶЩˣҪȿˡ˵ɣǲйصġ֪ǲΪվ۷ʱڣ˵һο޵ĶҶʺǿģǴĳһûжԴԼġ
һֱСĵĴҪ˵Ķˡ


711 ս
ЦˣЩȷʵЩġҶЩ˼û뵽Լôֱ׵¶˳ˡ߶ע⵽ˣ֪ΪʲôΪԼˡ
ôģʲô鷳ôЦǺǵ˵ʾҶ
ҲӦеļӣȻ˵ΪҶʵԭǱȽϵĿǲûľȥڨ·Ǻ«Ĵ塣
㿴⡣ҶǰеżȻһıȽϽλ¡
ҶˣҲϽߵҶԱߵλãҪ£ȴѾһˡεЦЦȻߵ˿һλá
ԭϴ΢Цżݵһ̣ɫЩ˵ġҲˣȡ֮һص顣
ȿżþòɫѿ֮ǰҶʵıһ޵ġ
ŵܹȷʵģһȻԼҪЦǻʳ⡣
ȻʵġױдģּܹӦϢüٵġҶҲ˵һЦǻʵĻشˡ
ǧȷģ浱ҵдģȻҵװŷ⽻ҵġЩˣҶʻᣬϽڱš
û£ʡżȻˡҶʻͷһ䣬ϾԶܹţҪǱԩˣ˭ܵ˵ء
ѰҪеİЩ̾Ŷͷ֮ǰս˵ЩʲôҾѾԤУһӦһֲ̫ĶһˣǱź˵һû뵽Ŀֲĵط
ȷʵҶ̫ĶˡССͣȱһľҪḻˡңҶҲĴģĶıκһмصҪġ̫߰Ķһˡ
һ£ʱϵƶϡӦѾɢÿһˡΨɽûκεӡ˵ǱеĶйءҶ˵һӣȻǸʲô顣
ʲô˵ɡȻ˵Ժյ塣仰ȻҪ˵ġʲôһæġҶʣûʲô顣
ɽһŪɽһҶƵĶȻ˵ԼҪ
ҶôҲǽ֮Ľɽ½ıԵشˡңҶ֮ǰ˵ġɽһֱûзʲô飬ǱеĶйϵġ
ҲܹܵͬĴɽЩڸܵУܹȫһЩˡ
˺ܾãŵͷӦˡҪǵĺ֮ܶ࣬ìܵ⣬һ𣬱ȻҪǴҶģǾ鷳ȥˡ
УɽûܵȻ˵ΪǱеĶԭҲδû֮⣬ĽĴ½ӵеġҪЩ½ɹˣ᲻ֻǰĴ
ǴӦˡϾҪѣɽҲǶ㲻ġļ룬սǿһЩġ
û⣬ֻҪǲǣҲǡ෴ģϣҶĽһ¡ڣһش
ȲǰˡҪϢȻٳȥս½ǼֱǿЦˡȲ˵嶼ǿޱȵġҪչǾҪ֪õʱˡѾʼˣ˭ʱ䡣
û⣬ȻˡҪŽԿѲȷġҶ붼û룬ֱӵͷӦˡ
Ҫ˫ֱһڶˡǻ粻˫αˣãֻ㡣
һҪ󡣴ӽ쿪ʼʲôҪս㡣룬ȻһҪ
Ҷһ㶣֪ΪζԼôĵӡѿҪԼսչ˺á
ҲףΪζôĿáѵΪ飿Ҷ룬Ǿѯʡ
ûлش𣬲ѾǸҶʴ𰸵ˡ
ãҪܼ򵥣ҴӦ㡣սҵֵܣȻǻúõչġҶᶨ֤
ˣȥѡǵðսϡأҲǻǵİɡƽ
Ҷʵ˵ͷȥ


712 Ҷʺܵģ
Ҷʴ߳ʱ˭ûпĶͷϢѿˡ̺ŨԪѪҺ˳
ոգϢ䣬ٴһҶʵδȻǲԤġΪ˸˲صĴۣͲʧ˴롣
Ҳ¶˾ģսҶʳȥûпδǲ׵ز۵ˡ˲ٵˡ˵ˣԺ˭˵أֻпҶԼȥˡ
Ҷʴֱӳսסˡ򵥵ĸսһ˵ʵսʲôûֻ˵ԼҶʵģս붼ûֱӵĴӦ˵ġ
ҪҶʵģսֿˡֶΪء˽ȥҵءظûû˵ˣǶһˣȥﲻȥء
ҪҶ˼ĻػɽˣֱӾͶҶȥˡ
һûʲôͣһЩԵĶҹͳɽˣ˼ػɽȵˣ˭ûоġ
ʲôҳˣսطǳĳԾֱԼĶ䡣ҪҶ˵ô֣أҲ˵ԼҶʣսҪΪҶںŪԼˡ
Ҷʴż˵ľҶεһġһߣѸٵķ½Ѽľˡ
һҶЩĪġΪµǰ֮Ȼʲôûзġ
ǺܿģǾ֪Լ̫򵥵ˡгƬİ׹˳ǽ޵ıԵҶϡһлŵģѪпɱġ
ڣɽΧһЩũɽıԵǾסĵطũıԵнƵģҶʶ޷׵ͻƽȥȻЩ׹޷ͻƵˡ
ΣԨʱΪӴвٵİ׹˳ԤĿյسˡ
ɽߵʿֵļʱܿɱ˳ˡͽ׵İ׹ֻȽϵļӲҲͿʵũߣܿľͱɢˡ
ǣǰĸոյ£ľͳˡһ̶ɽʿƬ̵ͣʱġ
ңҺȻķ֣֮ǰȥİ׹ֻҪûȫɢģڿʼʰϵİ׹ǣƴԼ壬ܿľµվˡ
ΪҲˣɽİ鲢£һǵΧûоȵĹĽػġⲿ̫ڵĿˣҶ˻ǣŽգǳضɢǿҵĹâ
ǣһ̣ȫĸˡɢ˲սǵܡһ̣ҲûһܹսǱˡ
Ҷξеа׹ǿ֣߳黹ûзŵʱûзġ
ϾֻһˣߣǾ˭Ҳ˵ˡ϶ǿ߲սˡ
ǣٶѾ˺ܾõˡظϣ֪һЩʲôˡϾôʱˣʲôǿܷġ
Ҷǵٶȷɿ죬֪ûгܿĳɽķΧ˵ġ
˳ܹؼ䶼һţֻɽߣһ㵭ӫ⣬һж˿ȥҲﻹûб׹ԭİɡ
ҶͷҲصĳ˳ȥһͷŵĿռ֮СϢԵҶЩܡңҶǵϢϢ֮УԵǸȻġۿǱ۾ʶȥ̽ĻҶǾڵҹеөһǳۡ
Ҳָǰ׹﹥ֵҵķİɡ
صԨ̫ˣҶʣ޷ˡֻܹйͷĦˡǲģΪ࣬Чġ
ҶǲûҪȥɱһͨģ֪ĶûСҪǲˣľӴˡ
Ҷǳ˸·ԶһֱȫٵǰżҲǽеĻûȥĲĿյ³Զ
ȻҲҪȶһµġܹĵطа׹ġЩطûʲôİ׹ﲢǿҶһģĶˣȻԪһȫȥˡ
ǵüӿٶȲˡû뵽ǵôӴ󡣵ص´ĺܹİİҶȶһʳЩǵĿǰ
û⣬ֵܼסġҪʵڵȲˣҲһ뿪ġսǵĿⶼԼϽ˿еĶ˵


713 ·
ҶȻǲķܵġŵģôܾôİѱ˸ڰ·ϵء˵ˣڵʮֵİȫģҪҶ֮طˣ鷳ˡ
û£԰ɡһҪˣҴ㡣ôģʲôȵȥʱͬһЩʲôˡҶʶ˵Ǹһ֤һ⻹ҶôЩͷһζһʶõôĵˡ
õģѾԺˣͿ·ˡȻ֮ǰô˵ôϣҶǶء
ղȨ֮ưˣֻǲϣҶǾΪѡȷʵǸӵĲʵˡҲǿˣȥʱ򣬿ɱʱ׹˲֪ٱˡ
ţã㲻Ҫ̫Զ˾ͺˡҶϵĻҳʱڣҶѾԼϢ÷ǳĺõˡ
ߡҶҲˣҶʵ˵һ䡣Ȼֱץͷ˳ȥˣʻҪ˳ĳҶһƸ˿ȥ
ʷǳĶЩ˼ĳڨЦһ£˷ǳԲʵһ
֮ǰҶʵ˳糵ǿʵרİȥʲôطʶ治ģڣȻһûжõĸռˡ
ˣˡҶʵ˵Ȼݺݵĵһۡ
Ҷʳǰ棬Ϣɢˡ׶ΣİսҲСҶʵǿһЩԪһЩҪʱĸ·ġҶʶЩܲ˵ġսǿ϶Ҳǻܲ˵ģҶʿɲϣڻûеʱսǾѾ۵ſˡ
Ҷٶȼ죬дһƬɫĹӰڿǲεȫٷеˡǳôСģΪϢǸġ׹ǲôܹģԻ粻ȥΡ
ȥεйȫٵķУǲǸõô
һ·ϣҶҲʶȥ̽飬ǷֵĶͨĵͽ׵˼άǻģҲ˵û˼άġԺֻһ򵥵ָǾҶ
ҶҪץһǻ۵ʻ뷨˵ġΪҶʵСĽǷ˲ٵĶġ
磬Щ׹ÿһķΧһǿİ׹ڷʩЩ׹ָӣǲʲôɾվԭط
Ҷһ£ǽҲǴʧӡЩܹʩģһİ׹ͬǻޱȡԺеĴݻһеӡҪӵһЩˡ
Ҷʸֱȡһֱӳĥ֮ʶȥӦӡǽǿϧʲôûеõ
Ҷ룬ȻҲȻˡҪô׵õĻԨģ֪жٵˡһеʵˣܹ׵ĵõҪĴ𰸡ô¼յܣҲͲˡôĻˣʵǿ֮⣬ôԴҲй򵥵˰
Ҳʲôջûеģ٣Ҷʷ֡һСһİ׹ﱻҶʸץˡôΧһа׹ǻݵͣٵġʲô֪ܹʩİ׹￿Щûǻ۵İ׹Żж
Ҷʵ˺ܶεóĽҲǿģĽ׵ײȵģҶǿ׳ڵİ׹ЩҪٺܶˡҶǰ˲ٵģٵоҲǺܿµˣҲ˵ʲôǿ߶繷ߵˡ
ĻͲôˣֱԼĨɱˡȥ־尡ʲôˣ֮ǰѡһÿһĵطˡ
ԷǿߣҲһˡҲǺϡٵġԷͨսҲͨİ׹Щﲻ۰ʲôģͨˣûй
Щͨİ׹ͨЩͬġǲẦûп־ģԿһиָηĹЩͨûа취ġ
һ·Ҷʳ˼Σѿ˵Ƚ׵İ׹ﶼǺɱˡһɫĹȥһصİ׹Ƿĩʲôûʣˡ
ҶҲûпȥĿĵѰңݵĵطʵ̫ˡҶʴΪȥ֧ԮɽģΪȥɱЩҪȥѰҵİ׹
Ҷֻ;ñҶʸ˵İ׹һ·ϣҶ˵׵Ҳǲ֪кüʮˡ
ǣҶȴûһĿġΪԽɽķȥԽˡ


714 ˮֵܣ
ɱֵǶסǧܹǹȥˡɽ£սˡ
һǰ׹һѵġһѪࡣȫìܵ壬ȻǲйͬԵˡ񣬰׹ﻹҪ壬ȻǸӵĲÿˡҪ׹ȥˣһ龻Ҳûеˡ
ңҪ׹ȥˡˣͬлĻô
ˣ˫ͲҪ̫ԣһֱӿʼսˡҪɣͬʱɵս˵İɡ
ʣõϻô˭İ󺰴еģ࿳һʵڡʴ󺰣ˮüͷʾܲˬ
ˮ˵ʲôϻϽģҪסˡģЩļһ̫ˡ˻йϻˣúˡ
ˡҲ֪ҶʻûС˵һа취ҿ˻壬Ҳ켶ΪˡһӻİɡˮϽ˻⣬С˹ȥλá
ϻˣҶûа취ǶԺ飬ûлֻ֪ҪǱˡǲõҶʻˣɽѾûеˡֽӹ˻⣬Щ˵
ֵܣǵҶʸոսɽʱѹġֱӶ˺ɻȥˡѾȥóˡ
ȻΪҲǱȽϲˡ۷壬׵ϢڲǳޡҲ˵ǵʲˡҪǲŸֵӦܹһμѻˡ
ǵ꣬ǺƢģʲҲŬͷɵˡǿҶʵĴҵġҶµֱӸʰˡûл֡
ºʵˡʵʵҪҶʵġҶһֱһԽĴɽⷴǳȫֵܣ˽ĳɾ͵ء
ֵӵһɽɽŴֹͬİ׹ǴĽ
Ϊ׹Ǵ̫࣬Ҳ֪ƣ룬˿Ϣʱ䡣ӵܣɽɽӪˡҲǳŵסġ
ΪԪʹƽÿһζǺĿˡϢʱÿһζܹһЩġ
Ϊʱ޿̵ԪԪĿƣҲǼǿ˲١ǰʮԪܹ쵽飬ֻҪһܹ쵽˵ġ
Ҳִ˲ƣģжҪԭİɡȻĻ׹ǴĽҲ֪ʲôʱһͷ֪Ҫȵʲôʱһᡣһ뵽ЩƵҪȥˡ
ҲûҶʣǵϣ涼˵ˣҶʻ϶а취ġңҶʲ˻ô˻ʲǰˮ֮еô
ȻҿܲϣУҶʵĻع飬һЩڴˡ
ĹȻ˵ۡǲûгǿûа취Ըİ׹ԴһǺùˡ
ǰһˡΪüһ׵˰ɡҿɶԸˡʸ磬˭ϣǰٴγһҫŵĻɫİ׹ҪǿһЩܹôһЩͨͷûôûвͬĵط
Ҳǵһγֵˡ֮ǰʱʱ˵İ׹ͨİ׹м䡣ѾǱˣҲŪ˲ٵģȻǲᵣĺµˡ
ףȻ˵֮ǰҲǳֹˡֵܸʰˣû׵İ׹﷢ӳôǿá
񿴵ֳһͷˣ֪ǶֵӵܣȻľǿʾֵˡ
ģһͷˡǷ꣬ҪҪϢˡֵܶЩˡΪԸһȻͻӿԪʹáøոձȥĻûвҪˣûа취顣
˵һͷǿģֵ˾鷳ϢһǾͷ۵ˡ
ˮҲģһѳ׵İ׹˹ȥˡ
ѩϵڰ׹ĹǼ׹Ҳͬǲٶ۵ġΪڵ£µĸԪ÷ǳļӲ׵Ϣ
һĹǼܾõķҲǿıϵһ˫ǱˮĳӲ
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Ľڰ׹ϣûնϣһĻǡ
ˮǲǵһսˣȻ֪Էļ̵ġˣ˾Ҳûʲôġ


715 
һ֮ˮһöԷŴ󿪵ʱһѶԷĲӸˡ
ͷʱܹµĲλѸٵıð޹ˡһȫɢˡ
ǣⲢꡣˮȥԪע˫ţһŲȥͷѿڲȫĳ˳ڿɢˡ
ˮųһһͷ׵İ׹ǾôĽˡ
Ҳ֮ǰоġ֮ǰһʱ򣬿æ˺һӵġǲֱۣǲ߹ǴȹǵģʲôöûС
ֻҪͷǻڣܿľܹؾۣͲӰһսġǰ˶۵ˣŷֱӹӣȽϴܹһնϡȻͷǣ徲ˡ
ˡǸѿеĹͷȻ׽ӽ۷Ϊˡʹֲ֪ۡҪǸҵĵã֪ҪõġˮһתͷŴҴЦš
ˮû˵ٻһ׹ȷʵ֮ǰÿһҪǿĶġȻʤİգˮĵһЩĻ֪Ҫӵʲôʱˡ
һһͷĴսನأΧĵͽ׵İ׹ﶼǱ˵ġˮʱתŴҳˡ
񵶷ҴԲѵ˵áʺĴ
ˮ⵶ȷʵġɣͬġ򵥵Ķо˼µʱһſµսġ
Ȼ⵶ɵЩһ϶֪ô۵ˡǱͬ񵶷ǣȷʵжĵطǲˡ
񵶷ôˡ񵶷һܹɱ˵ˡ㻹Сÿγٶġ˷ܹڳһ˲ԼͽǶȣﵽĹһ˵Լ񵶷ˮҲץסؽġ
ˣˡҶҪӵˡǵƤϳͷȥһô֪Сôоĵȥˣڴˡ
磬ܲһôô˶ڣֲ˼İˮôĴ𰸣ı˿ⱻڵĽ¶ϵףǲôܵİ
˶ˬʵĴЦֵܶҪˡ
СģͻȻˮϽ
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ҲãҲáҰҫҰҫҵĴҵĴˮ£ˮ죬Ȼǲ֪ʲôʱѪˡ
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ǿ򣬵̫Զûа취ѡǿˮȻԼ˵ġ
Ԫҵıӿţ˲仯һصľˣĲ֮أءһֻ̤£͵Ϯǿ߶ȥ
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ſڣһɫϢһŴµĴų˹ȥˡ
ŭĴϣôô׶Ըġ׹ǾҲǳ׵ӡϻо޴Ĳġ
һ̤ˣɫϢ䣬Ĳ˹ϣһ죬ѳĹǻҡ


716 Ʋֹۣ
֮ǰǲûгġɽڲһЩ顣ͬڹעһеģ˴ϵһʱΣյʱˡȻôһˡ
ôԭġĴѾǿʼ˵ġ棬ȻҲǲԡǸӵ˷ģһֻҪһϾͿ˵ġ
أѾʼˡûһƽʢӵܻĳɳˡܹһʱȴﲻһġһЩ׹ߡôеĺ󱲣Ҳ˲ͱġ
䷢飬ǻֱӰеĺ󱲶ɽȥ͵Ƕˡ
ǣǸĸԴԼŮһǸĸĿͷ˵ôǱϾԼĹ⡣Σյ飬һĸĻĵԼŮȥء
ҪܹѡǶѡġҪеѡ񰡡Ǳôˡһ̾ͳǶҪüˡ
ңҲŸտʼ֮϶ӵļѡΪ֮ƣֻú󱲿ȥЩ飬ǿɳˡ
ʾôˣϵĶڵѪİЩĺеľӢҪûҶʣЩǽľӢҶʣЩҲǲܹӵġ
Ҳ˵ȻҶǹâɵģǲܹȫڸסЩ˵ĹâңҶô˵Ҳǵ˻ʣǲܱȫϵġЩͬ壬ͬ峤ģŨĸ顣
Һû˵Ҫ˿Ҳ̫صˣҪúõľСӣøͻ׵ˡ˺֮󣬾켶ǿˡϿٵıԭĴСȻִʵ̽һ֮󣬵˵
˵ͬʱĳ֣ʵĵ˼£ס˼Ѩ˿ڲѪҺˡ
ˣǼСһЩҪٳʲôˡϵ˵ȻѾ˹ȥĳɽˡ
ˮ뿪һЩɣ⡣Ҫ֪ᷢ飬϶ͲôˡˮЩĬȰ
Ҷֵܣʷ飬һǺѹġѹôǷǳʱڣѵˮһپܹô
Ҫǰˮһپܹе顣ôԲģҪҪݺݵ
ǲðοˡ֪ⶼҵĴսƽʱ֡Լ̫ϷˡİɣҺܺáʱˣһ縺ʵһݵġˮЦЦЦݱȿ޶Ҫѿġ
ˮô˵ˣҶ֪ôοˡûбǺõˡˮļȻֿٵɢˡ֮ǰôһСĹдѵİ׹ˡ
ˮľǷһѹ󣬾ͳʲôطϢҲģֱԪľˣŸϽȥϢһ
ΪҪ˯ˡǵȵһʱŵͳˡ
ԴˣҶ޿κΡεȰ˵޹֮󣬴ҾͶˡ
ͻȻһɿֲϢǱԵش˹Ȼ󣬾Ϳһ˫޴ĹצĿס˰ߣȻһֻ֡ܿģһȻǼӦǱһǼѪ죬Ϣֲޱȡ
ֳһģϢֲ̫ˡӦܹϳƽ˵İɡӵ۷׷׵ģɫЩѿѾǳԽǵĳܵļ޵ˡֻдܹʰ˵ˡ
ʱˮһ˵ľٶᵶ˹ȥ˶ɵˣһӶûлع
ʲô㣬ˮһ
ǲܹԸġ
ǳףûʤģҡ

ڴҵĺˮǳŵġԽǰϵϢԽʢܿľʹﵽԼ۷塣ңϢıǿͻƵס
Ͼס׵ʿͬĶ֡
ѪɫĹǻ̧һֻ޴צӣȻȥ
ˮҲеĳϵ𶯣նƣһֻˮǿһˡ
䡱һ졣ԶˮȻɼΣǱϾΪ̫󣬱˲ķ˳ȥˡеĳҲǶѳΪء
Ҫǹؼʱˮһ˵ֱӱų˵ġ
ˮҲǱƷɣȻص˵ϣϵĴڿѪ


717 Ҷʻˣ
ǻһԵЩŭˡצȻ˵û飬ˮһ֮¾ȻЩƵˡңǻҲЩŭһ£ȻûаѶԷֱ
໺𡭡죬һХôҵĶʹޱȣвٵ˶ǶѪˡ
࣬ȻҡʵĴ쿪ϣȻ
ûиҳԾʱ򣬹ǻһԾ˵֪ˮһֻ˵ĹצѪƣԹŭ𣬲֪ǲ˹ǻצµġ
ˮ˴һ̫ͻȻˣҶӳͿˮѪ˻ˣȻǻԾˡ
ˮоǿľˣиոѪҺǿľ紵ǵġˮǸоϢ˵ģԹǳԼ壬ҪԼ궼ġ
ǣˮ۾һˡһֻצôûأǾҲֹͣˡԩҲֹͣ˻ˣϢҲǼˡ
ԣǼˡǻһϢˡˮñˣѵԼ˧һǿҪʳԼô֪ΪʲôˮͻȻ뵽ȻԼҲЦЦԼֹͦ۵İ
ιûĻգһ۾˵һ仰һϤİˮĶУˮΪԼ˻þˡ
ѵôҪôʱˣȻ뵽ˮû̵۾ֻЦЦԼһİ
û͸ҹŭˣ˰˶ȡȻصһˮĴϡ
ӴˮʹһȻ۾
۾֮ˮһ㶣ϵʹˡǰһɢŵĽӰϢЩãԵúƣͣƾԵǿ
ɫӰ֮һѴѪɫĹǼܣܲꡱͣȻһѪɫĩ
Ҷʣ㣿ˮĪģֱ޷Լ۾ôῴһĻءǰˮϤ˵ģˮܵЩŵġ
Ҷʻ֪ʲôطôǻôļʱءңղŵЩ⣬ˮܵΪǻþȥˡ
ϻ㣿Ҷûк˵˴ˡû뵽ûѹװʬİ
㣬ԭǵ˰ˮЩ˼˵֮ǰɽʱҶʸʶ˶࣬Ҷʿǲͣ۸ġû뵽ҶʾȻġ
ƹôҵһͱˡ֮ƨСĶҲûй˭пȥǵءҶʸӵĲ˵ˮͣġ
ˮӵˣҶ˵ĶһҪҶҶʸ˺ɻȥˡ֮ȻϵĸҶʹСӣҶȫǣǸ治һȥڶʰҶʣܵѵˣ˭ҡ
ˮҶӡǱȽ̵ġɽĵһˣͻƽʱɽǵͷ̧ͷġȻǲǵġʱϳԷҲʲôֵ顣
ҶʣҶʡ̫ǿˡ
ǰ֮ǰֻһЩ˵Ȼзĵλߣǲû˽⡣
ո¶һ֣Ҫ˵İɡ

Ҷʵĳ֣۷׷׵ġǶҶһ־ηġ
ԶмӰٵĸ˹һҶʵߡսǡ
֮ǰҪߵʱҶʾѾǷǹǻˣ֪ǹǻǿҶʾǰٸ˹
Ҷʸ̫Զǳ;İ棬ڵԪЩϽˡһˮǻˡ
ˮᵶʱҶʶǴһµġû뵽ˮôһ£ʵһ¡
ҶʻǷǳˮġ
ô죬Ϊ˾һս˹µĴһˮ
˭ҶʾȲңʲô顣ˮԷǵŭˣǳĲˡ
սҶʵѡսȻҲǿˮ֮ǰĶˡҪעҪҶʳˣսȻҲһ¡
ˮ֮ǰΪսֻۣǾɵơ̫ɵƵ˰ҪôɵƵ˼룬ŻôɵƵİ
ҪսüĻպվһߵĻֱӾһƳɹȥˡ


718 ȶţ
ˮǺεȵ֮ԸĵıҶѹţҶ˵ʲôСʱͱҶʸʰйӰġȻһֱҶʵ¼ġ
ҶɽʱľҶƻĸϵҩ԰ӣֱĸϸץסˡҶһֱĺЩҶϴ˵ĳϣȻҲȻװźǿҶʵʱ۽ǵЦȴȥġ
ˮǺˡҲԹûпͱǳҩĽƸŵˡû̵ʲôôǱĳץžһٽѵˡˮǸӵˡ
ҶһǸоѹôİһЩˡ֮ԿҶʳɹϴ֮ûΪҶʵǱôȥģⶼԼʵǱʵĺ󱲣һǲϲء
ҩǸ׼ġǶҪˣҪôҩЩҩЩµµΪḷ́ˣǸϲҶǱĺӻ
ˣ˵ҶӵܣǴЩͬġȻ˵ĴҶһһǲô˵ĶⳤģôĶԼôĶһЩƫġ
һˮƽٻĳֵġĳǿ϶ǳ콾ԾֻܹƽĶԴˡ
Ҷʲֵ£ˮֵпܻᷢ
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ҶߵıȽϽļˡҲͬΪҶʵĹϵһߺ˴½ˡǣ̬ߣͬǱ̬ЩԸˣǱʵһı̬
ˮǸӵˡҶѾǹâˡͷĸǹ˵һеһˡҶߵЩˣͬǲҶʵǿҵĹԵ£һž˵ıֵġ
أսһ˵ԼšȻˮͳ׵ˡ
췸ѧͷܹܲͻƵġͷˡ
ͻûУҲ̫Ҷʸˣûġûеˡ
ҶʿǰȻˡǶҪֲסˡˮƿԵˣҶеʱ򣬾Ͷ˼ƵԪȥˮһЩˡڿˮ˵ˣ˾Ϳʼ׽ˡ
ЦҶʰǡڵսѾܹϱȼˡһʱǻ˵ã
ҶʸùϵǾûôġδʲô飬϶ܹҶʵĴȡҶţǻĻҲҪһЩġ
û£ҿǵľ񶼻ġټָµĺûʲôġҶһץ˵ϵˮţȽɽˡ
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ʲôΪǿһôܣһܹȥ֪ΪʲôҶôءҶʵĲᣬܲ˵ˡҶ֮ƿڴҶʵĲǡ
Χ˶ʮĬ˺һ뿪ڴԶһЩȻܶôģǲ˵ҪǱҶˣˣǾ鷳ˡ
Ƕ鷳ҪҶʻ϶Ҷܹʲô취ġҪҶʲˣһ˴ңǿ϶ˡ
ֵܣͻһĻǳ񣬲ûбֳͬΪġһǾܾˣ˵ͬԺܷˡ
ҶȻ˵ġҶʲôû˵ÿҪҶʴȵˣǶȥˡҪҶʷųȥҪСܡŮ׿ܹһǶˡ
ңȻӵܣͬǲܾܲһ˴ͷҶȥˡҲͬ뷨Ҷʻȥ᣿Щ˵ʲôͺˡ
ǻˡɽǶվڱԵشĵҶʵĵ֮ǰҶûϢȻǸо˵ġ
ҶʳǹǻҲ۾ǴȥЩ鷳ġû뵽Ҷֱһͽ˵ġ
ɵȷȥϢһ°ɡҶȰеˮһԵĵϣ͵һԵҽԱˮ̧ȥˡ
ǰոոҶתŴһЦЦȻƣȻһһ㣬Ѿ׼ˡ


719 Ϣ
ҶʣǻˡʱҲˡҶԵ÷ǳĿġ
ֻҶʣûпǼİսҶʵˡϲҶʵİ
ǰӳҪܺõİҪСӣ˸ҶˣǶûʲôܹİˡҲǹЦڵϷš
磬Һˡ㿴һʱ䶼ǱȽϳģ϶ܹٵİҲʱܵ˵ǰ棬ӿ棬˷ֲǲڿЦˡ
սأôˡǸոմ˵ģһʱ뵽ȻҶʵˣһʼû뵽Ҳˡʱ˵Ȼǿ˵ģԵЩӡ
ôţ˵İǴŵҶʵ˰ģԺҶһֵʱǶԶԶġսĹסĲӣЦ˵
˺ˣȱˡ˵£˵ˣȻǲɡҶһͷĺߣòǵĻˡЩ˵ԽԽ׵ˡ
ΪʲôȻǲö˵ˡվɽϣܹԶǵˡ֮ǰҶķ򲻶ԣǱɽס˵ġ
ɽΧйõĽƣô᧿ΣˡΧĵƽ̹ȻҲ᧿Σˡأ൱޸ģƯڰУɽĽµˮƽһµġ
һͨİ׹Ȼ޷ҵʸȥġ΢ǿһİ׹ܹȥġ
ˣ沢Ҫ̫ʿ֡һǳ˹ȻǷǳԽܵˡֵķ׵ǿߵˡ
Ϊǵߵ쵼ˡӿȻҪˣһӦԵİ취ҲӿĶӣȻǹʸ˽ЩģȻӿһ˵ġ
߰ɣǵɫҲ̫áȥ̸濪ˣҶȻƸǿˣԵЩƣġҶҲһ·ϳģϣҶǺúõϢһµġ
ˣİɡܹɽµڳɵƳȥԼ˵ġҶʾܾˣֱӾɽ±ˡ
ҶôˣҲͶˡ֮ǰ֮ԵһʱͿҶʣҶûӰϢ֮⣬оһֱעһС
Ȼ˵еӵԼģôȫķĵء֮ǰѾ˵ġ
ôˣ˵Ҫ˵ǣҶֱӾͿˡ
ɽ㿴õȻⲿȫǹĽơǻͨġЩȥ˵Ķʹͨ塣Ȼʲôǲ֪ƣ룬ǵࡣڶѾҪˡ浭˵һ
Ҷʵͷʾ˽⣬֮ǰѾǿ˵ġȷʵȻΧ󲿷ֵطǹŪũһķáǶԷҹĳǻߺǳġ
ǸʲôҶŤͷӿ죬Ȼ󵭵ʵ
ǻáûսǵ·ߣŪ˸սȻ˵ǿܹӳܴĹǱķǲǵġӿͣһ£Ȼ˵Ǽǳأһһ˵Ǻܿ׵ġȫǵ˶Уܵǵıûгʲô
ӿû˵ǡΪεѣҶ֪ҪˣһӲġ˴ҶڲͣϣǸӵļһЩġʱ䣬еǶˣͨ˻ѪĻˡ
ǶҵڵжôϾѵǶûгȥôһֱôطҶ֮󣬺һ£ȻֻѹжôĴ󡣵ûһõĶ
Ȼеˡ磬սǣǺúõûйơأʱûжϿڽӻȻ˵ҶʵΪǷǳǿˡУʼһҪĺͰĺ󱲡챻Ҷô˵Щûӵӵİ
ҶһЩһЩʲôϢȫûʲôõġԼĿҪչ˲ˣȥıĵط顣ѵ֪˹ĲˣǾܹĺܿ˵ô
жûжǰ׹ǻûаצЩط


720 
εıûаצҶʲôϵء
ıѾצǽҲҶӦõĵ顣Ϊеİĵġ
ǾûһЩֵϢҶʻǲаڴʡ
ͬҶޱȵʧˡҶʻһ㣬˵ǴǸûֻ뵽ʶҶʣʶҶ˻ʡ֪˻ڴҵʱģܹġ
ûУֻ֪мҲǿߵġУɽôҪȥտšʱԶİ浭Ŀ˵ֱǰҶʵеĻ붼˵ġ
Ҷһ㶣˲䷴ӳ˹ȷʵʵȥһġҪǣʲôɽļƻһߣ˾ǿˡĻ鷳ʹˡ
ǽεѡԼ˶Ѿû˵ģԼҪ˶û˵ģǻʲôء
ҲһЩˡ͵ȵİ׹ûԼ˼ġǸԺеһָӡжġҶֱ׳һ仰
ǷˡǣʲôϵءҪ˵ָǵҪһЩĶ԰ɡϢ֣ҲɱġϳֹΣЩзȨģ˺ȻĽӹҶʵĻ
ϸĵȼĻֵġϢһһ´ġͨİ׹´ָıȽǿ͵ȵͳߡЩǿͳЩ͵ȵͳߡһֱƶϣµⳡҵˡҶʰ֮ǰԼһж˵˳ˡ
ЩҶڻ·ʱ򣬹۲쵽սҲҶʳֹ֪ٴΣȻҲǷһˡ
˵Щҹ۲ôϸѵ롭˻⣬Ȼһӣ˶ȲҪʱ˵ѵҪȥЩָӵȫɱЩ׹ûʲôõˡ
˵֮󣬾һĵ⣬һ΢ЦͲûд⼸ֵˡ
ȫһͷ亹ӿһͷĺߡҶҪ˸浽װһЩʲôġ
ϵİ׹ﶼʤġǵص֮£϶ģ˵ҲΪˡô࣬ȥȫǻֱӰ½һЩһЩˡ
ɱˣûʲôʵԵĳɹġ
ҶʣѵҪֱ˳ϣȥǻҵԴͷսʵ·ϵʱ򣬿ҶʵΪսѽ뷨˵ġʱҶôһ˵뷨Ǹӵȷˡ
˭˵ء䱻ķسҶʵ˵ǳйƻ
ʣҶ˵취õһ취취ͬЩˡ
˵Ľûֹʱ䡣ǲеƣ͵ġееƣ͡ȥճԿĿ϶ǻŵһߵġ
ɱ㣬˺Ķܹġ˵࣬ûа취ġ
ɱȥͬǷǳķġҶЩԼϳҪǱһ˵ˡôɱĻƶıǸˣǽܹôء
ЩףҪҪսȥˡûҵĻ˵ʱ򣬵˹˵Ļôءӿһֱû˵ʱ룬ȻʳԼҪˡ
ʣҶʵĽ˴ҡҪȻҲ˳Ҷʵ˼·ʵˡǰǳԷ⣬иˡڰ׹Ǵٴεĳˡ
ȥҪ˶ãͻٴεĳʳΣˡֻҪôĺţʱɱ顣ߣȻᱻݵˡ
ͱЦˣ뵽ʲôͿ˵ɡҶЦģп϶һİ취ˡսЩȲˣֱĴҶһ¡
һҪȴһ롣òֳܹϵԽеģû뵽ôĲϡҶʷ˸İۣսĲǡ
Ҷȷʵ뵽һǳİ취ڷǰ׹´ָô֮Ҷʾһֱ˼һļƻˡ
ǿȰܱһΧڵǿİ׹ﶼЩȽģͨӵҲܹԸľšһܹԼһЩʱ䡣ڶҲǶ󱲵˼ҶҲˣȻʼ˵Լļƻˡ
ҶʲûһԵ˵ꡣֱ˵һ룬ôҺúõĿһ¡ÿ˵֮ļƻҪûͬ⣬֮˵Ҳǰ˵粻˵ˡ


721 ˾ֱ˵
ҶǳĬƬ̣Ҷ˵Ļǲǿеģǲ˵ġ
˵Ǿϲ飬˵һĵǡķˡȻһ̧ͷģҶʣҪҶʻܹ˵ʲôóˡ
һֵĵ֮Ǿǿȥˡǲε¼ԴͷˡֱҵΪֹҶҲӣֱӸһ𰸡
ǶݵĳĬ˼ҶʵļƻĿԵΡһʱ䲻ΪԵ©ġ
Ҷ㶼˵ˣһΧڵġҪˣطǿİ׹ô죿иĳϿ˵֮ǰһֱüͷһλ
ǿˡԷⷢңڼ̽ʱ򡣷ǿȻǻɱġ׹жܴ鷳һֵѹˡôԵ©ҪҶʶû뵽Ļ񾭴ˡ
ҾҶƻ֪ǵΡǵһͬģһսˡһʱ䣬һֱеͻʲôˣʲôƵġ
ҶʻˡȻʹ˰취ˡң취ôĶԼθڡҶǷǳ⣬ԽԽ˳۵ˡԣ취ʱ򣬵һվ˵ԼˡͬʱҲڸҶʴ
ҲÿСôһֱţоڵһġĳȥƴһ¡ҲͬҶʵĹ۵ˡɽտ󱲣ǿһЩģһˡ
ĳȥˣɵҲɽͬ飬ʲôԵءʲôɲͬء
ЩˣǲһЩİһĳ˲ͬ
ȻΪǱϾһЩˣҪǶȥˡܹĵҶ˵Ĵµءˣȥ˻Ūһˡ
û£ڡвٵǿߵġǶסǡеӵͬǡҪҰ뷨һ˵ǻͬġϾҪǺĲȥˣһǻ᲻ܵġǲġӿôһ䣬һЩֵ⡣
ͬʱҶҲӿĸڡǰֻΪһ˧ģĴ塣û뵽ֻǱ棬ʵǸڡ
ңһҶʶЩ£Щ쬵ġҺԼסǵİȻĻһڵĴˡҶתһ£סǣԼһˣͣӿҲûа취İ
Ҷ롣ҲǳĿɰİԼЩͬİҪӿݶһһ£ҶʻǳĿĵİɡϾֶһ̸ˡ
أսҲǲܵġҲƶеĹܣսӦҲеİɡ֮ǾֶһѵˡҶ룬Ȼ˵սǻЩģҪǲİ˿ҪѰ˿ǸŪɽߣԼõĵطҪһЩġ
ȿȣ˾ֱ˵ɡ˵ʲôսŪͶһѡƭĵˣƭǵİһҶʵļͷǳĴ󣬲Ҷʶſˡ
˵Ҳûдս֮ǶһѡҶҧһ㲻ţ֤ԼĳǷǳĴġΪ˴ҿǵġ
ôöˡսʱʱĲƴڻģղ̫ڵĳءһԵɵķΧ¶ġ
Ҫô֪˴󲿷ֵ˵飬ķΧ¶ġһ㶼࣬һ㶼档أܶ˶һӵ
ӿԻˣȥ֪ͨղŵľȥˡ˳ָҪǰĸһ׼
ҶҲ˻ʽսǡϢͬʱս춯
˻ʽƿնȥһĽ⡣Ǿ˵Ϣúܶ˶ǷǳĳԾġ˻ʽôǿƣҶҲܿ׵ģٵͨ˶İ˲١
һȺѣô飬ô֮ٴεľ۵һˡҶǳĿģȻкܶĻҪ˵ġսȥɽ֮ûмˡ
ɽûȥġ
Ҷ˵ȥʱһЩ飬ԵǷǳļġڣûиҶһȥġ
ʱҲʲô鶼ûеˡҶʻдϷǷǳĲİ


722 Ļ˵ڣ
Ҷ˻ʽͨģһ綼ܹӦ˻ʽ˻ʽ˼磬ҶȻҲܹӦõˡ
˻ʽƿշеģٶȷǳĿ죬ܿľ͵ˡ
˻ʽûгֵʱսǾѾǸӦǿֲķ֮ġȫǶǽţǹ˺öĿ֮ŰѴҵġ
˻ʽϢǳĶءֻһΣ;ԵĲ˵ġʱ򣬹ǿɲֻһεӰ
Ȼܿ˻ʽѾͣսǵϿˡϵһӡ˳嵽˹ǰȥҶʵʹ˳ˡ
ܿĹҶʵƻ粻ġսȷʵǹ¾սģ࣬˰æĴ˵ġȥɽǱߣȷʵܹ˴Ӧġ
ùĶģҶ˵ļƻȷʵ̫ˡҲȷʵΨһһİ취һֱǲڵʱԵǲ֪ƣİ׹仰ӵĹ˵ġ
ȥһսǰεض𡣻Ŷʼƶ
һãϵĽɫĳͬɫŮǽɫĳȻǳˡ꿴ǳٿߵãһͷĺߣЩץ
սҲǳ˳ģһͣսǵϿաս⣬˵˻ʽЩƵġ˻ʽô䣬Ȼʤ˼˵ġ
ǲĵ̫ڵԲ˵ġûпͱ˻ʽ֪ˡһһΧսȫĻ˼˵ġʵʵһߣ۹۱Ǳǹĵģ֮ǰһжǴһˡ
սʵˣŸ趼Ƿ˲١СӣҶʻһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ѧһЩʲôõĲѧ߰Ķȫѧˡ
ңҶˣŸ軹粻֪ʲôطսǶսƿ֮СսǱսŪġ綼Ǳ뺷˲٣Ƕ˲٣˲ٵġ
֪սսиһЩʲôֵˡҲҿսе˻ûбս˵ġ
ڹǻʱ򣬲ûϳսǡ㶼ΪԼߴط˵ġ
һ·оյġ˻ʽ֪Ҷʵ˼·ǲǵĴһƵĽû·Ԩ֮СÿһεĹܹһ֮ϵİ׹ǿ߻ַ۵ģϡˡ
ܿģսǾ͵ˡɽƴһ𣬲ǻǿһطˡ
˫һֱԷ˳۵ˡҪôˣܻвҪ鷳ֵġ
ôԭǴܰһǳءԭϰȫͬǳءڣȴҪһˡ
˵ŵĻս߷һƨ˵Ǳ߶ܹŵġ֮Ǳ߳һսҲܹŵˡ
˻ʽȷĴҶʵ˼Ȼ֪˴еĿĵġոɽƴһ𡣵Ľһ£Ȼһڳеǿ߾˳ˡ
ͬʱӿҲǴһǵǿ߳ˡ
ܿľͻһˡɽϡɽ㹻Ĵġ൱ھ£ңۻǷǳ顣
׵ǿ߾ΧİѣҪǸĿĵ룬Ҳ鷳ˡ׵ҲɣԷһľͶһͬжĿģҲö˵ˣ֮ǰӳӦöѾ˵˵İɡҶʿһ£ˣҶҲЩ˵ġ
ö˵ʲô󲿷ֶԸġʱҶʿ˵Ҳûʲôɻ߲ġҶʵ˭û˵ءͷȷʵǴңʵҾ͸ԵɢȥˣʼԼĸλ
ĶһЩǿˣҪһͬжġǴоġ
ҲУѾһ׵ǿˡϢǳȣǸոͻƵӵġ˿Ҳûߣ۷ӣżܹ͸ӵǿĲ
˿ճյöԼҶЩܲˡ
ҶʡҶҲԼ˿غ
˿㻹ɽ߰ɡûпս߰æԱʲôĺòáҶ룬Ȼ˵
ܶ뵽Ůӣкܶ໰Ҫ˵Ҷʶɣ᲻˵ϸ켸ҹġû뵽ٴϵʱʲô˵ˡ
˵ĹĵĻʲôģ־ý顣Ѿˣ˵ȴ־ˣĻˣȫ෴˼


723 Ȣ㣡
սǶԴģΪʲôس黰ġһǿߣûмųȻ˵װſµķ羰Ƕ仹΢΢Ĳ۽ǵ⻹ڿҶ밮˿ġ
˵ĶԻ˵ļ̡˵⡣սǲûһͷԵģʲôʲôİ
ⲻѧİЩȻһֱǵšǼʶٽѵİ۵ֵĳҲûмġΪҶ밮˿Ūʲôĳ棬Ҳܹͦסġ
һܹӿͷβĿһеġǿĶʧ˵һղôҶ밮˿ⶼûмˡڼŮǷֿ˰ʱ䣬ǣҶǵô
ôһеһУҶ밮˿ˣȫûʲôءȫͲϳİȫΥŮԭ˵İ
Ҫ㡣ܹæġ˿ҡҡͷûйԹԵҶʵĽ顣
ǣȥĵطΣաһչ˲㣬˵ԼһΣվͰˡҶ˵һЦͼȰⰮ˿
ܹæġһηǳΣգҲ֪ġҸҪˡܹһȥΣյġ˿ǹִҡҡͷᶨĿҶʡ
Ҷ죬Ҫ˵ʲôһĵĶ԰˿ãҪ˿ȥյġ
Ҷĥĥûİ˿˵ܹæˣҶûпȥһܹæ˵ġ֪֪ЩôˡҶʻģױˡǳķŭÿһο˿ѹӣ뵽ҶԽԽʢͷ׾һġ
ʱ룬Ҷһڰ˿ôİķϡ׶ܹͷӦġ˿ֲȱǮʲôģԼǣܹð˿ҸĹһӵġ
Ҷ̫ˣ˼ʡҶ̫æˣæԼûпеġôȥհ˿ء
Ǻðɡ˿һֱҵ󣬲Ҫ뿪̫ԶѾ˵ˣҶʻܹ˵ʲôءȻֻеͷӦ˵ġ
ҶʵЩġΪ˿Ƕôǿ󣬾ǳԽԼҲһŮӣҲҪԼȥġҶʲϣ˿Լȥðյԭ
Ǿǰ˵˿ôļˣҶ˵ܹæˡǻҪôȥܾء
ҶʿŮе뻶ϲҶͬǶŮġȻҶһ󵨵ľһѰѰ˿˻С
˿ЩӲȻҶʽʵ֮ϣСֻҶʵ䡣
ۣҪҪôľû뵽ҶͻȻһʿˮսûбԼĿˮġ
һֱҪûпô뿴ˣҶһ֡ʵǣϰ޳İ
׿һĻüͷ͹͹õ£һǿûзһֱϣĽٵʱôôܵء
ҶʺòǷһΣȻǲôķŹҵġȻ󣬸ӾϢˡ
εƽϢ֮Ȣ㣡Ҷ§Ű˿зǳƽʲôû롣ʲôˣȻʲôնûˣǰֻа˿
ţţ˿ҶʵĻУԺĲ˯ˡҶʵĻܵñشһ£Ȼ˲˹
˵ε֮ҾȢ㡣ҶʿԼ̧ͷİ˿С˵ȴ¸ҵĶԼҶӸӵˣŰ˿˵
ţ˿ЦҲǸӵŨˣһãͺʢŵˮɻһصĵ˵ͷҶԼһ
Ŷսǲ֪˵ЩʲôˣֻйֽһһԼĪ
˽ô˽ôһԲϵԼȭͷýģ
ɶ񰡣ԼĻһԼ˵ǸԼֻһµġôȫԼ˽ˡ룬ԼĴڸоôĵ͵ô
ǣԸոյŴҵ˱˴˳ŵˣȻû뵽Ѿڲ֪͵һǳҪ˵ġ
ι˸硣ĪľͶһ÷ˣʲôء׵ĴڸҲǽ޵ġ٣ˡƵƮ˰׵ߣĵ˵ôôڵҵˡ


724 
ǵҶϢȥĻʲôöûУǻﵹæġصصĵһʱ˿þֳˡ
ҶҲ֪Ϊʲô϶˿Լаˡ
˿Ȼϲ˵Ǵûģʱܹ׵ʵ˵ġ
Ҷǿʼָʱ򣬰˿ҲһתԪ˳ԾһĻˡ˿תԪؼԪٵıӿ˹ˡԪŨ̶ȼֱ˳ԾˡȥʮֵĿ񱩣ЩԪǳºܹ͡˿ٵת
ǰ˿رĵطˡܹԪġҪǰ˿ϲ񳬹ҶʵΪҲʲô¡ңҪǰ˿Ҫ˭Ļʲô׵׵ǿߣҲʲô¡
ҶʸӦԪֵı仯۾һǿ˰˿ڳԼǳǳ΢ЦҶ˹ȥ롣Ͻı۾ٵתԪ
صԨҶһڻǰʵ˵ʲôԨ̫ڵĺʡ
ֻضѿˣȥɽЩЩĵطѿȥ˰ˡ
ȥɽ⼸ط˵ڵĵصµĴ½
µĴ½ʮֵİ෴ǳ֡гȺӵİ׹ǰڵͱѹ˵֮µġΪεѱ䣬ԭѾӲʯظӵļӲ˵ġ
ȥ̫صƽԭǰյģһ˿Ĺ߶ûеˡ
ڰ˿İ£Ҷֻ˰ʱ䣬ѾǰԪ˵ġʱոá
ŵĵطԵİȫûʲôǿİ׹ڸġЩ벻Ҷǵ۾Ȼּ̧͸˵ġ
ĻҶҲЩ̫ӦոûожġֻԭزվšĬĬõԼʲô˵ʲô
ռֻӡһǰ׹ǰʱ򣬹֮໥Ħһ֣ǽߵӲĵ棬뻮һ
ҶǷ֣ص磬ǰѰ׹ȫǲʺסġ
ҶǶоЩ̵ĸоѹԭ򡣿̫ڵĺˣϾǴһһġңʱŨתš
ڵĵصףԵıȽϵģûûһ˿ɫӵģƬµĴϳһЩʲôǾͲö֪ˡ
ǷֿжǼжսҶʱʵ
ȷֿжɣ˴֮һľ롣ǲҪ̫Զһ鷳Ҳܹٵ֧Ԯȫһ̫ڵ˷սˡңѡŵķҲһȷġҶ룬Ȼҷֿж
Ҷʵ취Ҷûκεġһ𣬱˴ֲôϤȷʵЩεġңһ£ֻõõһ˳֡˸Ÿʲô羰İ
ҶѡһȻٵԶȥˡ˴֮ʼǱһľģܹӦҵĴڣڳ޷ӦԵΣգΧûܹʱ֧Ԯġ
Ҳ֮ǰһƤĸҶʣ˶һʵˣǲҪԴˣҶҲΣǲߡҶҲɵȥˣҪǷʳȥ˵ǳʲô鷳
⣬˿ǸҶʵģһ㣬ҶûʲôġǰҶǿķǳ׵ˡң˿ŮӣƵģȻܵʲô۰ʲôġ
һʾúˡͬһ飬Լˣ˿ȴõ˴ҵϿɡԴˣҶֻ˵Բ岻ͬԱ𲻷ϵӡ
һҲûм뿪Ҷ밮˿ֹģԵЩìܵġ
Ҷʣչ˺áҪһͷҲ㡣³һ仰ȻҲҪҶʵĳŵǻشʲôġܿľԶȥˡ
磬Сһ㡣˿Ű׵ıӰһû׷ȥڸҶ֮䣬˿ԵѡҶ˵ġ
ԵǶһµģȻøٶȳǰȥˡԶȥӰҶǷǳ̾ġóٶȵİףʵԽߣٶԽˡûʲôĹڿһʵӰ
߰ɣҲжˡҶʴͷǰ˹ȥ֪ǲǴҹģûѡҶǰλáҶʶҪתģֱǰ߾˵ġ
ҶߵĺƽûпԵϵȻҲûйȥؽϵ


725 ˴ˣ
Ҷǰţ˿ಽĸҶʵʼǲԶĸšû˵ҪߵҶʵߣҶҪȥĵġ
ʾЩҪˣ˵ʸһֱûҪġֱӾͳҶʣҪҶʵļͷϡ
һεҶĵûͬ⣬ûԼļͷվŵˡ
صԨҶҲЩԲ͸ġǾЩľĸоͺֻһıһԼ׼ıΪʲô뷨ҶҲǲ֪ˡ
ʵЩ͵ҲҪֵġȻĻҾֱӰԼȥһ·ҶʲûʹԹı飬ûнڲٵʣҶʶ򽻵ô˵ģʲôƢ᲻֪ô
װԹװĸϽ뿪Զһ㣬ȻİĶһطȥ˵İʻװҶûôĿȥʵˡ
εûˣһӣıˡ
˿˼ЦҶʵദķʽ˿úȤȻҲǾúǵĻ
ϴλڴѱ֮ǰսвſˡôһ룬ǹ˺ܾһԣĹ˺ܾõˡʱСҶСʱģɫġڵǺڵģݵģͬǺɫġʱѪģڵĲҪ˵Ѫˣ·ǲôˡ
˵֮Ҷʲŷ֡Ȼ׹ȷʵǷǳĶ࣬ҲǵϿǰͺ̵һġ
֮ǰҶʲĴġΪҶظϵʱ򣬼εץպСͷΧȻкܶİ׹ˡ
ص֮£󲿷ֵĵط뵱Ŀտˡжǰİ׹һֱûж϶ġҶȻ֮ǰ˵ǲȥܵġĿˣǳĥ˼ˡ
ǲ֪ķǲҲͬˡ
ǰ˺Զľ룬ǿİ׹һֱûмˡѪǻߣǰ׹ߣǿ߶ǺѳֵġʺһеĶ֮ϵġ
ȻҪץһǿʻģҶʻǷǳĿġеǿ٣ǲζżܵѹҪСö˵ô
ҶɢŵĽ⣬ΧһСƬķΧΧôĺڰŰ˿ţҶʶÿҪˣѾǲ֪˶õˡʲôû׵ҶҲһΣûʲôֱֵ̧־ĥˡ
һֱŵʣҶȻӵˡһֱ߶߶ģҶʾ÷ǳķġ
໺𡭡ǰ޵ĺסΧ̫İ׹һ֮£ʲôû£˹Ƿ۱˸ɢˡ
һͷ޸ߴʮɣۼɭɭģɢŶĿ⡣ڰУһɫС̫һҫۡ
ɫ޴ʱˣٵǰ˹ȥϵӵĶĿˣҪȼһ
һһͷɢǿҵѪޣͷһֻĶǣִ·Χ֡ǵޣͻȻҲͬǷǳľ޴󣬵ɫޱԵ÷ǳС˵ġ
ɫ޿ٵĿ񱼣Ƿצܹ׵ĶȾĵ档צӣͻ˹ȥһ֮£ǳצΧ𣬷ǳĿֲ
ͻһͷһҫ۵⡣һѩĵâһ
䡱һ죬Ǿ޴޵ز룬пڷǳĹ⻪òܹˡ
׵ڵٵɢˡܿľͱͻסˡȫˡͷϵĶǣһ˿Ĺ⻪ӵҫ۵ˡ
ǵ׵ޣٵıһ޴ĹǼܡ֪ǰӣһѪ÷Ūġ˵˾űӵġ
ͷ죬һͷ˶Ĺͷӹ岢ûʲôɢǼӨɢ͵ĹâҶȴͷƤҪըˣһµĶ֡
ûҶǣͻ˹ȥˡ
ͻʼʩͷһѩ硣˹ϣȴûдʲô˺󡣷Ǳ˽ȥˡ
ݡһСץͻֱи˺Ϊ롣ͻըˡֻһѵĹǼܣĶˡ
ڵĹУĹǷۡ


726 ץһֻ
еĿģץһֻĵоܹòˡȻҶѾˣҲ㹻ɽǣһһİ
ûжãƾЩļһĿֲٶȣҪ˶þܹɱɽˡ
ͻǰûдҶʻǰ˿Ŀ˵ġһֱȴĪķɳġ֪Ǵʲôطġ
ҪǼ룬ĹʸĶǺ󷽵İΣҪֵעˡ
ˣ׷ǲ׷ѾǲҪǵˡȻҶЩ͸ǹ񵽵жôǿΪ֮ǰû¶ʲôֱ忹ס˶ԷĹģȻͰͻ˺˵ġ
ע֮ҶʾͲʲôͣˡֱӳǹ˹ȥ
УҶʵϢʼڽܿľʹﵽԼǿˡгŨĽ⣬ҶʵѪӳ˳˵Ľ
ڵԨصױҶ͸һɫ̫һ㡣
ǹҶжʱѾ쵽ΣյˡԭԶȥģڿһתۣ˺Ҷʳ˹ˡ
ԷȻ񲻻κεҶʿ⡣ҶȻҲǲģȭǹ˹ȥ
ɫȭͷǺ촸һ㣬һǰǹĳϴ˹ȥ
ٵİθߣܵĸ֪ҶʵԴĳȥҶһµġӨצӣâӵˣҶץ˹
צΧһͼ˺ģɱģȫޱȵı档ǰĳʵһ㡣
µǣеĻ·ġˡشΪ壬ٵĳͼҶʵ˹
ߣҶһ䣬κεĸ顣־ҶʣôܻᱻĳŵܹôҶһͬ˺ġ
ȭͷ΢΢һ𣬴һȦɫǴ·Ȼɫ֮£÷ˡ
顱һ죬Ҷʵȭͷǹצǽʵʵײһȥ˵ġ
񱻴嶼һ£ԵƹһЩϸܵƣǲûм񻯣Ҳûѿ
ҶҲһ֪Էǿǹһ㣬ޱȵļӲҶû뵽ԷĹôļӲһ£Ȼûк顣ҶʻܵǿķȭͷЩʹˡ
Ȼһûе֣ҶʱϾռϷˡҪǽѵʱ˾ûˡ
ҲڿʲôĵطҶһתۣҲҪĹ˹ȥˡ
ҪҶʲߵĻᡣ˹ıϡϢȫɢѹڹϡùоǱһɽһ
ţѹȥҶһ£ٶȻˡǲûбҶʸѹȥġڷ
ĹȫתһĹìһ㣬Ҷʵ˹ˡӨ׵ĹìϣһƵڹ⣬ɫһԵǸĹ졣
Ҷֻһ飬Ǿ̧ҽȻص̤ȥ
顱һ죬Ҷ̤ǱȾҪӲĹϷ
ǱҶʸȥ˵Ө׵Ĺǿ鷢
ҶصһţĹɢ˵ġҶҲ̤ΡÿһȥܹڿдһȦɢȥԶ
ܲˣȻĵ˵ϡ岻ϵĲûа취ƶֺǳ׵ıҶʸŪû˿˵ġ
ҶվڹԴǰ档ҪȥҶʣҶصһȭҵķֿˡ
صһǹͷ­ˣüӲ­ǶơڲʶʼƮɢҶʿٵԼʶȥ׽ȥҶԼõĲ֡
ʶһҶʼֱҪıëʶ뵱Ļңǹһġңһʶǳľйԡ
ҶһҪʶϵĹһҪһʶеĸĶ뵱鷳ûбҶ֮ǰʰɵʲôطȥġ
Ͼȥ˵ĶԴֻһЩıܵĶǾɱǿģȻ׳ԼʶУֵģҲͬɱĻ档֮ǰ˺ͻĻ棬֪˶ٴεˡ
Ҷʻҵһ˿ԺеߵָɱҶǿߡ


727 Щְ
ҶʶЩɻˣҪ㹻ϸģҶһϢˡ
֮ǰ˽⵽Щͬӡ͵ȵİ׹ԺеӡҪöġǿôģûɲӽƵġôԺеָô٣Ǳصô
ԷԺУһֲӰӡޱȵ̵ġľһġ֮ǰĲʳĻȫĲͬġ⻭ûͷûԵģǰһƬǺ֮УòرС
ߣҪҡʱҶһ¡
ǱëʶȫȼһҵĵҶʳ˹ҶʶûжֱһԼϡ
Ҷʡ˿󾪣ҪҶʳ˹ҶʱǿֲĻסˣ˿ĶˡǿֲĲܹɱ켶İ
Ҫû¡Ҷʵǳƽǹ򶨡
ĻҶ˵ĲʲôģֻǰҶʵյýɫǴһ㡣Ҷû˿˺Ҷȥˡ
Ҷܹܣ˿һܹܵİһմȾˣǻ鷳ġ
̫СˡҶһǸϵĻͱҶʸˡûܵ˺ֶԷĹҵġ
ҶʻǷһ㶫һƵĽҪĥ˵ӡôļ򵥡֮ǰĹʶ֮ԻȼգǹʶġʶԻң뷨Ӧþһӡˡ
Ҷû°ɣؿٵĴԶ˹ɢǿҵĹâ˻ûеǺȵˡ
ţ˵ϢҲڿٵĽӽˡ
ҶʶԴ˲е⡣֮ǰѾ˵ˣòҪ̫ԶҪǷʲô飬ұ˴֮ҲܹһӦġ
û뵽ŪôĶľȻҶʡҾͿٵĸ˹ˡ
֮ǰҶߣȻӽֳֵʤʱǳĶݡǲǹ񣬻ҶʣǾȫ˵ġ
켶ǿߴսǶȻǲСˡΧҪûиӦҪûйǲֵֵˡ
û£ո˼ļһѾƽ˵ġҶĬĬĵϢһ£Ȼ󵭵˵
ʱҶ˶Ѿ˵ġԶҲڿٵĽӽĿһ°˿ְ˿ûʲô֮һˡʼһսˡ
ȻǳļӲңҶҲڵսġ֮ǰɫͻսһõѿġ
֮⣬һصĶѻСɽһĹǷۣǺܹ˵ˡǹǷУвϢûг׵ʧЩ˶ܹĸӦǰǿġ
ģһߴ޵ĹǼܡϢӵǿƣЩĲڲ˵ͬĲࡣңӦñ֮ǰﻹҪǿ
õʲô濪ʵû뵽ôľҵĶˡӣӦЩջˡ
Ҷʼ򵥵˵һ£ԼôģȻʲô˵һ¡һΣûͼӴ׵ģֻص㡣ƩԼȭ˼£˶˼Σ˶Щû˵ġǹԺвʳĶȻҲû˵ġ
Ҷ˵Ĵ𰸣ôҶһôǿȻ˵ʶҵġҲʲôÿƵġ
ǽȷǱӡججţϵɱǿҪǵʱ򣬾ͻᱻսĹߣȻĸ׳ˡ
ǰӵΣհҶе㺦ˡôĳǶԻǲԵءܾãǰǶܹԸġӿЩͳ˵˴еĲ롣
·ǰˡһȻǼǰˡֱҵĻĺ֣Ȼһսһ̵ĺˡ
һܻٲһڶʱû顣ȵĻĺֲˣػһսġô޷˵ġ
һǼҵĹ۵㡣Է£ǸҪھҵѾú鷳ˡҪǵȶԷˣǻӵ鷳ģӵĲöԸˡҶʻǼԼĹ۵㣬ΪӦüܹΪΣգ鷳ͳ˵ġ
ҲͬҶʵĹ۵㡣ʱӦġԲܹöԷ׼ȻһսҺܵģϵǸʱػ˻᲻ġսҲͷͬҶʵĹ۵㡣


728 ǰ
սǷǳзȨġΪҶȥɽ֮ǰ嶼ͷԵġ
Ҷ֪ڵʱ䣬ڻΪͻƣܹϷˣǵȥƲӵʱʱԾܹ޼ɵĽˡ
սѾһεˣ֪ǰ;δǷǳܵġĻߣȥˡ
ɽΪԭ򣬲ûܹǣ½׵ˡɽЩֳܹȻĵλôȻǲܵİɡ
ԣ顣սǷǳĵġĵϣǸŵĶġ
ǺáҾûҪһʵǿһĻȥȻַܹеİ׹ľ鷳˵ġҶͷͬˣӿҲòͷˣ֪ͬһ˿ĻᡣҪǸ˳ʱ׼ǵȵ˳׵жʱ򣬾帲ʱ˵ġ
ҿսȥɡһˣսǵҪ˵ġңҾսطҲﲻʲôæġ룬Ȼһѡ
սȷʵû̫áҪսУսǣսܹѹƺܶˡһˣս񷢻ӳþͷǳ޵ˡϾȫԴսеģսǣʵҪˡ
磬ǲҪ˵İǸġս񲻸ˣ˹ץҶʵ½ǡ
˵ǸҶʻģҲΪǸҶѧ̫ĶˡѧĶһЩ˷Ķ磬ҶʵĿӵ磬ҶʵҶʵƶ졣
Ϳѡ˵սҶʵͽܣǾԵûκεĴġܶ˶ͬĹ۵ġ
ŹŸ˫ĿĿԼҶʷǳΡʱôȻǲῼ̫ࡣôȥӣȥע˵ĸܵİ
ʱսԼһεʱˣȻѧ˲ٵĶȥˡҶĴڵİûһĲ˽ˡܹѧ٣ǾҪսı˵ġ
ȿȣҲûжôĹȥȽϺһ㡣ȥðɣҲصġҶʸɿ£ԼΡ
ŸΪս鶢ţҶȷʵЩܲ˵ˡ
ɩڴ֮սǾ̸ˡǺǶôİ˵˵ɡۿҶûãսԼԹ飬תŰ˿ȥˡ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ôһϷҲǡ˿Ҳһ̰ģϲˡԼ֮󣬻ֻа˿սĵˡ
ΪԼϵ֮ǰҲǹѹսҰ˿һҲǹĹȥġ뵽첻µزµ˴յһҶսǵľĬһӵġ
ʲôɩҶҲ˹˿Щ졣ҲҶʵġҾϺȵˣܹϺˡ͵СҶԲˣռˡ㻹ǻȥɡչ˺ҵļˡ
ã˿ǳĶ÷ִ硣ûʱսֵġ˵һսûа취ܾɡ
ðɡɷ򣬾СҵİףҸİɣһչ˺ǵļ˵ġսЩƣǻǴӦ˵ġ
ɣսûа취ܾġս֪˿ܰԼļġң˿˵ôˡԼطڣǲҳô
Ǵս񣬺Ҳ˱ˡҵĵҲһ֡
ˣǼɡǰ֮ǰļƻʲôҾİæʲô֣ҲĴݳҶʵ˵
ҴҵĸϹֿٵɢȥˡҶһѾʧȥԵͷ֮ϡȵϵÿһ硣Ȼ޵ʬǳ׵Ļ˷ɻˡ
֮ǰ飬Ҷʸ·ǸӵСĵˡѾʼǿˣСһ㲻еİ
ͬʱ·Ͽʲô׹ǴҶʸǳȫɱˡҶû˷ǹȥ˵뷨˵ġ֪᲻ǿƹ˴ҵߣȻɽǸ򹥻ܹһЩǱڵҲǷǳĲġ
Ϊ˽ʡԪҶʲû޼ɵĺķѡֻð˵Ľ⣬Χôĺڰ
һ·ֻĽŲ飬ʱʱֵİ׹ǴĴеĹĦ˾Ҷʳʱĺ
ǰ޾ĺڰһֲĹſĴһھĵҶǵĵҶߣֻ밮˿顣Զǿһͬǰ


729 ƣ
һޱȾ޴ĹУɭɭġԶһ߸ߵӣӶ˰ڷһͷ­
Щͷ­ģ޵ģһЩ֪ʲôġҲ֪˵ġǣЩ͸¶ϣѪûиɺԡǿɢ˵ţЩǰǿ
ǰһıͬͷǶɵġȻûʲôеģֻ˾ɭֲ
֮һӰȫǻţһǺһ˿С
ʱյĽŲԶտĵطԵǷǳġ
һڣޱȵҫۡͬǿޱȡΪɫӰĵеȿˡǱķϾ
ͥ񣬴иռһλã˭Ҳκβ˭
ɫӰĿһ´еĲãһŴͷһжûеġңһ㶼ĺܻ棬᲻ƨ۵ˡ
ⶼɫӰעص㡣ɫӰӰŤתԴֱߣĵϡɫѿ
һͷ­ͷɢңΪʱ̫ˣѾЩɿݵˣôĹ
ȻɫӰǲΪͷ­ķʱĲ̫þġͷ­ŭĿԲɵģ˲ʡǱ벱Ӹնģ˿ƽɫѪҺһֶصİԵϢתǳа졣
ɫֵǿߣǰһֱֱ֣Ӿһͷ­ץ˹ȥˡ
ͷ­ϵǿߣһӣһһֻײһ
еѳС顣Ǵ֮Уܵǿļӳֵġû٣һЩ֮ϡڷŵͷ­һƵıԴϢǽֵನײɵĻǹನ
һǻԵǿߣٴһѿգٵϡеľҲǿٵıѹȥˡʲôûзһ
Ҷ˵˶ٴˡһͷ­ôҪҴעˡܹڷ˵һҫ϶֮ϵǿߣĵ˵ǶԱ˲ԼЩ
ߣһһȡġϹ˸ǿջƣһ˿˿ڣɫѪҺֱ֮ԵЩĿĵġ
һ㶼ʲôȤҺڴӴԡǸʱ˵Ҳ˰ڷʱ˵ġ֮ϣǿ߸ûа⵱ս˵
ߣɫǿصһ֮һ
ǳİɫǿôһ֮󣬺˫ûȥ˵ġ
˵ɣʲô顣Ϊܹܲȡͷ­İɡĬƬ̣֮ϵǿ߿ڴ˳Ĭŵ壬ҲѸٵʱϥǱ档
ļƻҪáǶѾʼˣҪ˳ϵѰҹˡ֪֪ġɫǿԵЩܻġ
ʲôţҹôûа취֮ϵǿߣһһĵġ²̫׼˰һȺǲôԴС˸ӵ£Ȼѡġ
ͬǹӣޱȵ˵ԷĻ̬һ㶼˵İ
ѵôǹô׼Ҫȵʲôʱ򡣡ɫӰĬһ£ôķˡ
ʲô׼Ѿ׼ôˣȻҪȴʱˡȻĻŪĲ̫ǲ̫ϧô֮ϣһ䵭ȻܹǾôչˡȻҪ׼һЩӵġҲ̫ڵƽ˵İɡ
Ǿͺáһ£ǧҪԼԼˡɫӰ˵Ȼתȥˡ
ģ˵׼ˣܹǿսˡһĵ˹
ɫӰǹճһĨаЦޱߵĺڰˡ
֮ϵǿߣͬǹճһĨаЦɫӰЦһޡ
˫Ϊߵһģʲôꡣ˴ˣǲġʱ޿̵ĶŶԷ
һЩʲôءͷ۵İ֮ϣǿһ޳ʳָûԼţ˼֮СˡһῪĵҸˮİɡ


730 ôֳˣ
صװգҲ֪˶ˡҶȫûʲôʱˡ˾ͳԣ˾ϢһȻ·
ǿҲͬġʼձһľ롣ҶʱͿԶˡԼһˣŪˣӣŴǰ
ڼ䣬ûлǴҶһĬǺ˶˵ͬһġ
ڼҲսûҶôġҲûȥ֧ԮȻûйãսͽˡȻϤĲʹ˹ˣߴһһ
ǰƽߵľͷһӰ˹Ϣޱȵĺˣһӵ߳սһ
ҶȲûпģֱеǿϢѾԼԼıƽ
ҶͣվסˡĵȴԼ鷳˳֡
ͬʱͬĵطÿһ˶Ҷͬȫͣõȴš
ߵĺиֵķ緶ⱦǲĳһ޷Զ졣ͷǰ˵ġ
ߵҲߵǰʱҶҲżҲʲôģĵȴšҶʰ״̬۷ʱǰװڹ˵ǿߣ˹ˡ
Ӿܹ·Ӳһʱ䡣ʶУҪŵһˡҶ棬һɵˡ
㲻ʶңճĽЩ㵣û뵽Էھһ仰
˭Ҫ˵ĸϽһȥʱܸϵģûпմһʶˡҶʸӵĲˡĪһˣʶʶôƨôҶͷôĴ󣬶û˵һطһϲʶԼġ
˽㻹֪ô͸ӵˣû뵽ԼһֱŶԷԷȻǵԼˡýЩץ񣬽Ǻһ仰
Ŷ˸簡ôֳˣ㷳һҪħɽ˾˰ɣǸʲôҶʻΪ˭أЩڴġû뵽һ˲ҶЩ˵ġ
ԼɷεġԵԴЩõġҶûȤ˾εˡ
ܣ˵ϢǷǳǿˡѹҶʵơҶ޵е־ͲᱻԷƸѹסġ
ǲ֪ԷôŪôǿĿܳûǿܡȻҵʶǱϻǱǰеĺֿţⲻǿܣʲôء
ʲôҡҪһѩǰܣܵ趼ϴˢȻһĻ㡣˸緢ˣҶľĿǡǰҶʶƲԼ
ϡһ˸һѰеĳ˳ˡҲʲôһ貵Ҷʡ
Ҷһ£û뵽ԷʵˣҲǴˡٶʵ̫˵ģҶûпԷôĳġ
ȷֽʱѾûа취ˡҶҲûҪġΪǰ˿ʡҶʿʱĲܣǰ˿ǲòܵģܲĹġ
־һķһֻӬһǳļ򵥷ǳ⡣
ϡҶʵ໥ײһ졣ҲҶʸˡб˳ȥҶʵߣһĹ֣ȥԶľ롣
ʸչ˺ð˿ҶŤͷʺһȻٵ˸˹ȥˡ
ԷĽóԶ빥ͬһΧĹҶʲԶԶվţɶԷķӡȻҶҲ˻ʽܹ׵İѶԷնڽ£Ҷʲô
ҶʾãԸһôĶ֡ôʵЩСõˡûдȻԷϢҶʻҪǿ󣬵ҶҲȷʵûаѶԷ۾еġ
Ҷʳ˹ˣɢŨĽ⣬һɫС̫һ
˸粢ûżŲæĵݳһҶʴ˹ȥ
һ̳رɫһƬѪ졣ŭţԹѪζ˱ǶҲޱȵճÿһϸСĶԵǷǳĳ˷
ҶĮȻ֮ǰЦԷ˽Ϊǳ˸ЦǸЦġԱ˻ãǶԼʲôöû˵ġ
û뵽ȵˣʩߵΪıǿоһ̻һֻܹ


731 װŪиƨã
ԷһΪǷǳĹģɭɭģһ׽õˡ
һ׽עɱ˵ĽɱɱԽ࣬ĻӶеĳɵЧҲԽǿҲԽǿ
Ȼ˸̫ᣬҶʸĻˡʱȥټĥԼĽءصĻ£Ǹ˸Ķص£ǽȻˡ
Ѫζ˱ǣҶΪһոձ˵ĴսսˡԩХҶʳ˹ˣĲҶʵΧǿҶʵѪ⣬ҲʼĴҶʵȡһƵĽɫԪ
ҶܹܵԼԪڱİġ𶯣Ƕû˿ЧѪޱȵǣֱӸҶʵ䲻ġ
ҪҶһ֣ȻĻԪģһɫĻܰҶȫȫĸСȻĻѪֱǾҶʵ˵ġȻ֪ʲôʲôİɡ
ҶĺԷ߰ĽΪһŴһ˸˵ֱá
ҪķĶٵһľŵԹԹΪ˸սġ
ԪȻʮֵĻǽȻ˸ڣڲ˸硣ıˣ׳ԼĹ˵ǿޱȵġ
ҶʵȻֵܹġڵԪתĸӵľˣĽɫԪһȼ
ۡѪⱻҶʵĽɫĻ໥Ӵ֬ȼյ
Ҷһ㻹пƵİ취ô׵ġȻôһҶʵԪĲ֮ǰҶʾǾˬԼ˷ѿԣǾԲ˷ԼԪĻᡣο˸ⲿԪԼ
Ҷһĵ⣬ռ˴һ
˸翴÷ǳôܹءʲôֵÿĵءҶЦ˸һĪķĸо
˸ΪƣǳơҶ֮ԻЦ϶ڳԼĹ򲻵ҵԵʡȻĻԷмǷǳĳģʲôʱȥ˸ء
˸緢ˣӴϵеĳ趯ˮ©ڲ˸Ϊ˷Ϊ˹ġ
һ貵ĽҶ˹ȻֲҶʻûз۾еġ
Ҫ۱ķ»ûܹеù˻ʽġҶʱôεˡȻǲͨĹˡ
ҪǺֱӲŪ·Ȼڰ˿ǰ¶ġҶʶֱȥˡ
û壬ҶҲǲµġԪȼգһף죬ȴȥˡֻһЩˡ
ҶҲûд⣬ԷģʲôĹΪԷԣ˺ܶĸСĲĽܹжôǿĹءȻǿ֪ˡ
ԷֵĽǣʶĹÿһŭŵģѰĽпνǴͬġ
ĽУĵطġرĵط˲֪ٱˡ
ظոѱ䣬ȱٵģЩԩԩꡣΪص̫ڵŨңԩʵ̫ˡ˵Щԩ껹ûɢȥЩţǱڴС
ƽռЩԩ겢ûʲôãʱ򡣱ĽˣԹ븺ߵķŴˡ
ҶʸоƵԩԼĶǺԼϳֵĽɫĻ棬һεľ롣
ꡣľͲܹŪõģʵʵĶôôװŪģиƨôҶʺǰһôôء
ҲҶʲôǽɫʮɣЩ£˹ԩ꣬ȫڵһʱͱɱˡҽжûзһֱӾͱҶʸĥˡ
ҶʵԪĻЩۻĶзǳĿƵá˸翴Ҷʱ˲ӵԶԶˡ
ҪһġôżҾֱȥˡ˸ŭˣֱӾҪôˡ
ǰҶʵϷⶼˣֻǱҶʵϷ˸ϺǹҲסԭΪܹϷˣҶʵģԼǳ˲١Է˷һԪˡûƶӡ
˸ãΪԼҲҪҶϵˡ


732 ͣ
ߺߺߣҶʣҾ㿴ʲôսĽ塣˸ͻȻЦ
˵ŻЦţȻͻȻը˿ˡ
Ҷһ£սĽ壿򲻹ҲԱİɡңԱλãеԶİҪҶʵˡ
ѪƮɢѪɫںһˣֲ˸ѪҺѪɫеѪ⡣
ҡΣѿоӨӨ׵Ķӵص˳Ǿ޴ĹǼܡڵص֮Ҳ֪ˡûһ˿ƣԽԽӨ
ٵƴӣܿľͱһߴľ˵ġѪɫȥǸ׹ǾһѪɫ¡
¿ʼ䶯šǼһĲϵܿİ׹⣬֮ǰѪɫ磬Ǿ߸ߴİ׹ںϳΪһ壬һµͬĸ塣
һȭҶʺ˳նһ¡ͷ˻𣬶ϳĶħ˵ľڳ
ЩһȭʱĻ󡣿ޱȵʵھ˵ֱ۵Χ
ҶſڳХһһȦɫɢ˿ȥرĴѹһе
˻飬ŵĶħŵĸ˵ľȫҶʸˣҶʵĺ֮£˿С
ͬʱҶһȭǰɫȫܹ졣û棬ֻгĽ⣬ܹһеۻĶ
밮˿ע¡ҶʵȭͷǾ˵ȭͷҶʵǰˡⳡ濴ǳĹ죬һӤһ˶ȭһ㡣
˶ݵƬ֮Ҷ˲ĵ˳ȥµĵˡ
ڵĵУһöɫڵһ㣬ɳȥԶȻصˤ˵ϡ
Ǿ˵Ľŵ£ԲʮɵķΧȫһ˲ϸַۣܵȥ
ԷҪɲλص׵ġҶ˵ӵĽӵ£Ǵصһһ
ҶʸղǾ˽ͬļӲĴؽ˼£᲻ᳬԽȻҶʲ֪Ҷڣ϶ûа취Ƭؿġ
ԣҶʷǳȻȻʧˡȴʮֵĶҪǻһˣûôɵˡңҶʻ˶Էʮɡ
һȭҶʣǰİ˿ʡ֮ǰҶʹİĵط԰˿
ȭͷ΢΢ĻȻøӿٶȺ˳ȻҪ밮˿һ
ҶʴŭһͦʹӵվĶһµ棬ضһ£Ǿ˵ҲЩĻζ
Ǿ޴ȭͷҪ밮˿ϵʱʸѾҧҪȥһˡ
һɫӰٵĲ˽ɫȭͷ߾٣϶µĴǴֱ֮ϡ
ҶȻȾС˲֪ٱģȷһ㶼ġȻȭͷҶǿеĸı˷£Ըӿٶб£䡱һ˼ӲС
Ҷһ֣ڿһתۣһֱ˴еȭͷ֮ϡصһ̤Ҫȭͷٴεıȥ
˺һ¡ҶʶݵѹסǾˣת԰˿˵
ԷŹ֣ȻܹԼӲӲңû˵ӡҶսĲ̫󣬲˰˿źġ
Сġ˿һֱעǾ˵Ķ򣬴ʱɵôѵ
Ҷתʱ򡣾֪ǰβһֱֻ۵ġŸ߾һֱֻۣصҶ˹ȥ
һǳͣնѹˡȻǺ޵һҪҶʸֱӵı˵ġ
ҶתζžͶĴвܲ˵ˡ෴ģҶһֱʶעž˵Ķ򡣷Ǳۿӵ
顱صĸȭͷ֮ϡһһ㶼ûֵġǱѾ˵ص׵ȭͷֱȥ˼֡
ǣϵĴ߾ˣⲻԾһ¸ûдСֱĵмǿտҲģʲôûС
ҶʴһɫսٶȷǳĿ졣һɽڿٵ䡣
顱һ죬Ҷֱ֮ϡ涼һ߸ߵ̳ҶһŽʵʵĲǾ˵ֱ档˫˽룬ֱ׵ˡ
ءȻһҽУҶһ̫ˣֹǶ˵ġϿõģڲĹͷ飬ſſĸǵµһֻȭͷ档
˵СˡҶⲻǻ˶Էһˡ


733 죡
˵һ˫֣һ𡣱ͱҶʸ̤˵ֱѿĿӡ
ڲѪ񽣡ŤҶʲ˹
Ҷĳ˳Ǿ˳ֱ۾ϷȥҶ˫ǹעԪġÿһŶǳأÿһζҪȳһѪȻ˵ŷǳأٶȴһ㶼ûмġ
Ѫǽ׷ġҶǹճһĨ΢ЦʼֱתϷȥ
Ȼǽ׷ѪͬǸҶʸı˷ϡϵֱϲƣӦΪڵķҲǸĿӡ
һֱѪģ˴ѪꡣѪɫٲһ㡣
ȻŭһҶû˵ǲԼˡ
ѪѣϸСѪ飬Ҷʶ˹ȥҶʵĻԪ֮ϣ졣
ֱ֮ѪⷭһҶʳ˹εģȻҲޣһЩ֪ʲôι״
ҶĮȻЩ¾ǱѪɫеԩɡвǿĲľӢǿߡ
Ҷʲû½ŲǳĸˡЩٻпٵĴû˿ͣ١Ҷʳȥ֮ͻȻֹͣ˶
顭һһı˿γһСѪ
ҶʵĿȷֱӳ嵽ԷĶǣȻüľе˸ʶ
ȻĻһ˴򶷣֪ҪѶôʱġңû˵һжǰ׷
˸ȻҲǶ쵽ҶʵĿˡֱٴεһ֮󣬲Ҷʸ˳ȥҪҶʼʱ˫ŷĿ˶Էֱ֮ϣı׷˳ȥˡ
Էֱ۶ѳΪ룬ɽڿٵķֿ¶ڲӨ׵ı۹ǡ
Ҷһע⣬ȥվǱ۹֮ˡҶҪߵʱ򣬱۹ϴ˾޴Ҷʸסˡ
ɽٵıպϡֱֻظԭˡҶʱˡ
ⲻϵϵļѹҪҶʸѹ档
۹ʸŵѪܿٵı˿ѪҶʳ˹һȦһȦĲҶʵϡҪҶʸġ
ҶڵԪת˼¡·֪ǱģǱҶʵԪȼ˵ġǱ˵ġ
岻ϵķ𶯽µı۹ǡ˫ָקǲԼϵѪ
ҶΣǶûгɹҲһЧûеģϲŵѪҶʸи˲١µı۹ǣҶʱҶʲϵȥ𶯣˼ơ
Ҷһһΰӵ˼¡
顭ӲѵϵҶİѪˡǳ˾˵ļѪܣѪˮٲһҶ˳
һεķ۹ǴѡҶڴѪİ֮£ֱ۵
һҶһתֱۣӵǾ˴ͷ­Խ°ͣȹ촽˱ӣ̤˱ǳ嵽˾˵Ķͷλá
Ҷȭͷصĺ˹ȥɫȭͷΪؼΨһʱռصǿĶ֮ϡ
ꡱһ𣬳ΪؼΨһǶͷ֮ϣһƣѪҺ˳˿ڲϵȥ
ֻһʼƿʼӣϡܿľͱ鲼ǡһ˵ľĴһ㡣ЩѪƿǴĿĵˡ
Ҷʾ̫ˣٴεһȭ˽ȥܲĶǣȻˡ
ڲǿնġֻһɭɭĻڻȼաҶҪҵ˸ʶ
˸壬ѪɫΪһ壬ˡȻľھ˵ͷ塣ǷǳģǳֶΡȻǿҲ㹻ļӲǵı˸Ȼǲʲô鷳ġ
ǻͻ˸Լ̫ڵˡʲôԵ顣ǿҶʵǣһǻᱻõġֻܹĴС⡣
ڣǿҶʸӵǿȻҶʵǵˡ
Ҷʣ㲻ܹɱҡ㲻ܹɱҡҶʴ˹ˡ˸ʶҵĲʱûа취ǣûа취Ҷʵġ
ˣҶʹˡǶصϢڵһֱܵѹƣ˸ǳĺ¡
죡ҶЦһŹҪ׵ĥ


734 չã
Ҷǲܷ˸뿪ġѾֳ˷ǳԵĵ˵ġôķˣǸԼ鷳
Ҷһ鷳ˡеΣնֱɱ˲źá˸ɱ⣬ΣҶǵڶθܵˡԣҶʲ˸εĻˡ
ռ䱻סˣʱڼٵ˸һŲʶֱӱҶʸˡ
˸˺ѷεУҶʻ޶ԣһ־Ͱһʶˡ
ʶɢٵѰҡֻҵһЩԼȤĶĶûпҶһ㶼ȤҶʻڿԷʶм̵һƬΣҶǿ˺ܶεô
˸ɩԡƬΣ˵ɫʡŮذ¶ˮ֡
Ҷд޳ܣԺоȻô뷨ȻôţҶʻʶȥǸƬΣĸˡ
ñԼŪҲһİȻѾе͵ˣȻһص㡣ǰడֱͶɫֵ
˸ıȽᣬûлáʱڣʱ䶼ġݲ࣬ҶʷرףܿľҵԼҪ˵ġһЩÿĶҶҲǡǳĲСġĶ࿴֮ۡ飬ܹҶʵġ
Ѿǵ˷ǳõˡҶûйھһѾ׵ȥ˵˵顣õϢûȫ
ΪԼ鷳˵ľ޴˿϶ӵԳܵˡҶʵ˶ԸˣҪϹȥæ
ҶĬĬĸӦһ£ȻѸٵжһǳΣգҪҶȥ֧Ԯ
šոձĴսʱǲʲôļһġҶʳ밮˿ţȻͷҲصĳ˳ȥˡ
ĵطϢ಻󡣻ƣǾԲһ浹һҶϤǸϢڲϵıһֱڱԷѹŴӡ
ǰڵķ򣬼Ϣǰ׵ġһ鷳˵ġ
Ҷʶϰ˿ʵˡҪĸϵսȥ˻ᷢʲô顣
һսӰڻףϸĻ밬߰˷ֵơҪǲϤˣ϶Ϊ˾ǰ׵ˡ
״ʱڵϣڵĿѪɫ԰ס΢΢ݣ˵ˡ
ʲôƨĶսʹҲôĲһô˵ʵ˻˰ףһ㶼żһ㶼û⡣ʱͻȻôģҡսʹ˲𰡡ɣóȫʵһһĴ㡣
û˵ֻǾĿǵӰǸӡ֯УлΨûгޡⶼҪԷɱˣûһ˿ɱ֡
ôģսⶼѾĥôλսʹ㣬ôսûˡ㣬Ҫáǿʶ״̬ǲȶţŭˮʺ죬֪Ѫᡣ
밬ʮƵӰߵ˰׵ǰһֻƣսơתγһļ׶׶֮ҫϸСĵ绡зơ
סǹճһĨаЦݣȻİץż׶˵ϵİ׵ؿϰȥ
Ҷʣչ˺ð˿任ΣƽˡûѡҪһĽѵЦݡĵϸֻаԼõġ
չáһϤĴ˹Ȼ׾͸оԼܵػȵÿһź˳
䡱һ죬׻ûü۾Զٳһ޴ײ涼ڲһ
ҶʣΣյʱ˹Ǽ׶Ѿ˰׵ţƤʱҶһŰѰ׸߷˳ȥ·飬һĿӣ֮ҲһѪֻۣƤˡ
Ҷ߷˰׵ʱҶȻ˰ףվ˰֮ǰλˡǱǴ˰׵ļ׶ʱ˳ƵĴҶʡ
Ҷһȭֱ˶ԷĹļˡһ죬ԷӦ˳ȥصˤ˵ϡ
Ҷֱ֮ϣҲǳһѪۣнɫѪҺ䡣
ԷϢŹ֣۵һҶʵȭͷֱǼ׶Ӵ˶Է»˵ġǿǿײ


735 ףף
㷢ʲô񾭡֪֪ҺæģҺ۵ġæŽԼ鷳ҪˡҶʺֵ˵һ֣Լֱţһۡ
ЩԼѪոԼԼ鷳ûгѪڹȳľ͹Ҳˡǿ˰Ҫǰǰ˿ĸ磬ҶҪºųʮ˽Ѫˡ
Уʲôչ˺ð˿չӦõġޣչ˰˿ӦõġչǲһġҶʺջ𡣡㲻ǰһֱϲҵô֮ǰҲҵôôڶôķˡ۸˿İ
סҶʺǸ鷳ȻˣǲûӴ̵ĹոҶѪˡʵǡס˸ӵأ𶯵ˡ
ʱ򣬾ǡסĬĬĴҶͻȻĵߣڹҶʵս֮ġȻĻҶʱȥ׷йء
㲻۸˿ġ˳ˣȴЦҺǿġ
ô֪Ҳ᣿ðɣˡ治֪˷ʲô񾭣ʱЦóġҶˣⶼ˸ʲô˰ֱ鷳˵ӡ
Сӣ˭ƾʲô֮顣ҶߡɡʱǱߵıҶʺ˳ȥ˲ӦˡǳķŭҶš
㻹ˣ㻹ˡΪɤŴҾͻش˰㣬ƫʶ˸ˣҶҲдˬġҪٶ׼ġ˭ҴϲɱЩС䡣Ҫ̫˵Ļңɱ֮Ҳǲס
ߣȻ˵ǰף˭˴ĻӦţҶ˵ǳĲǲû̫ķҶͻȻֵģִټֵġǰѾõ˳ȥҺܵ˺ԼءòСĵĶԴˡ
ףôôϤأҶһ£һûлعֺܾϤӡҶʲûпһߵİףһͷĺߣҧгݵģҪҶʸƤǵĸҧһء
ˡǸƨİס׾һߣΪҲʶΪ㳤ò࣬ͿԹŪҵġ㣬ҶǱȽϤġҶ˲䷴ӦˣԼʶ׵ġڲһվԼǰ˵һ֣ͬҶһ˲Щ·˵ģûлع
׸жĶҪˣҪΪʲôҲ֪ҶʶôˣҶʼסӦõġǰھҪޣҶϰˣڰ׶ΪҶ벻˵ʱҶˡ
һʰ֮һҪȥʰһ١ľѰѰģҸȷǰףҾȰ㵱ʰһٵˡҶֹ˵ţСҪԼ˫ԭҶΪԭżԼİ
ߣ׺˲ôֵȥðôҺǰףҲҲǰסվŵİ׶Դ˷ǳĲмΪ־һʲô
˵ԼԼԼõȴ
Ҷһ£ԷĻ̫ˣݷḻҶ˲ľжˣסһйµˡ٣Ҷʾ⡰ס˵̫ˡ簬˵ֱסҶ˺ܾãûŪ仰˼
ҹ㰬ײ׵ġȻʱˣǾֻܹǵ˵ˣɣҶҡҡͷ벻׵ľʱĲȥˣȵԼĻпеʱŪ롣ҶΪ˴һ㣬ö˶ѧġ
ҶʣƵʱ򣬻ܹġܸģȴΪĪ侲ˡ
ҶתԪڵԪӿϳ˳Ľ⡣ڵĵصۡԶͬ飬ܹĸӦ˵ġ
ԷǿҶʲòôҶʵ٩ͬʱڶԷԼͬʱҶͬڴԷˡ浱ҶɵӵĻ˾ɵˡ
סҲǱˣϳ˳ɫĹâͬǿޱȣϢܹҶʷͥˡ
˷ƺƵעȥǡס塣סڲϵĲ壬ʲôܵʹһ岻ϵĲ
ꡭⲢ˵˭̲סЦˡȻ˭̲סһƨƤ˺ѵšסһ˺ѷεŭһ˳ҶͷƤˡ


736 սʹ
ֻһˣƤ˺ѵûоʹ˵ĽԽܼˡ
ס屻Ũţס޾вϵĲĿǲСħڲϵķţҪơסƤһ
һĹͷλ𣬡סıչһԴĹǳᡣںþɵһ
ϲûһ˿Ѫ⣬֮䣬ֻһʵԵĻɫӣĳ
⻹ꡣ仯ڼһĴΪģе߹عǶ͹˳ѡסУǴһʵĹʿһ
סſſӣڹʵĿм䡣ǱǹţѾȥİɡ
ϢˡҶʵصĿǡס仯òϳأء
ȷʵԷϢȫһˡǻһһɢ֮ǰһϢϢ밬Щͬȴ˺ڰеİһ
սʹԣսʹӦ˵а񡣡״ʧɫڵһʱͺ˳ҲǸҶʽ˵İɡ
ûǶսʹֻǶսʹͲǵôսʹţŭսһ磬Ӳĵ涼һһ㡣
Ƕսʹ̬û뵽ɡӵңҲܹǿ̬Ⲣ֪ȥ˵ĶսʹеĴڵõˡѾңΪһ塣ôǿ̫˰սʹ߶߶˵ţ֪Ҫ˵ľ棬Ҫ֤ǿ
ǲ˼Ҷʾ⾭һ㶼棬ԼľҪḻʵĶ˵ġҶҲǿҶǿĴڱˣҶԼҲΪĶսʹСġ
ҶʻǵõһЩõϢԷܵһ֯ĿƵġң߰Ķǿߵʬܻвٵġء
ҶСġһ𣬱ܵǾ쵽ǶսʹҪ˵ġһͬԴֱ
Ҷ˾裬ҲǸоΣաԴѸٵһƫתˡ
һҶʸоȵҺǰԼһֱŵǸսʹӰɢȥ
ÿٶȡҶʰľһҪǰˣԼĽܵʾҲ˵һ˿ھͲǿϣǿ˲ϵˡ
ѵа׵ĶôٶȵôҶû뵽ҪԼȥһȺӣǿǸҶʣǲǾԼһˡ
еΣյĸоٴδ˳ҶҲ룬һԶԶˡҶʲùԷĹΧǶԶһЩĺá
ȻҶʵСĲû˿ôġʹѾԭĵطԶԶˣǸоǿľԼӻ˹ȥҶңҪԼƤһ¶Ѫ˵İɡ
תһ룬ô˵ЩԵӡƤǱʵӣôʲôûⲻԼԼôҶ룬ԼƤҵķ˰ˡô붼ԣҶҲͲȥ׷ôˡ
һǿԿ϶ģԷٶ̫ˡҶʺǳܹǿĲ׽ԷƶĹ켣
үģҶŭˣȻûпԷ壬ѾǿʼʾˣҶľһԡ
ԷѾǼʶҶĶܵİ취ˣȻ׼ˡҶʸıķͬʱսʹҲ˲͸ıķ˵ģٶ뷴ӳν١
Ҷд󾪣ıܵʹ£ȭ°ȥ
顱Ҷʱײ÷˳ȥصײ˵֮ϡǶսʹҲֳ壬ЩƮȥнɫѪɫĳԵǷǳ۵ģɢŶĿĽ⣬һֶصϡ
ҶʲÿԼұۣ֪϶˵ġֱ࣬ʹȵҺ䡣
ҶǼǿģ˿ڴƤڿٵķӿܿľˡ
ȻҶҪһЩģǲ˵ԷҶʴġֻԷٶ̫ˣǷɿٶȣײһɲǺԵǻ˾޴ŰҶʸײ˳ȥġ
оҶʱƶˣ廹ûվȣıԼƻˡȻʱ򣬸Ź˵ĶսʹݺݵôһײҶȻľǷɳȥ˵ġ
Ҷʲûоǰܣ˫ж˸ž⣬һԾԾԵӡ


737 һӡǣ
ȻǳһСǵһεײǶսʹҪһӡǣҶҲȫĳԿݵĽӴѾЩӦԷٶȵˡ
ҶʳŶԷ֣Ѱֱ֡ǻûиɺԵĽɫѪҺޱȵۣڳԷһ
սʹûʲô̫ڼķӳֻĶ˶ԼĳǸոײЩԵĳ򻺽һ£˳ǶǳմȾŵĽɫѪҺ
ȻڳϷǳۣڷԷһѪҺаõģĴпáһմȾڳϣϵڸʴŶսʹԪ
ҶʾǷһ㣬˫ֳצǰץ˹ȥ
ϡһ죬ҶʵĿ˫֣ǿסһһһ޴ĽĲ
ȻǣҶʲûз裬ȷȷʵʵĿ˶ֵƶ켣ŷǳŵڿԷ£ǰˡ
ҲǷǳĳԾΪսʹóģͬǰó򡣲׶ֻܹһģӰڿٵĴҪ׼ȷץסԷҪǳȷжϡ
׿ɲΪҶܹ϶ԷٶȵġҶóǹ˵Ƿˡǻû˵ҶʵٶҲشͻơȻ˵ҲǳĿ죬Ҫ밬ЩרҵʿĻǲԶ˵ġ
ԾҲûõġҶȻ֪ʲôİ취ȷʵǿס˶Է˵ġڱóУѶԷˣսʹҲ޻˵ġ
տʼʵˣǶսʹҲԻ˳ڶԷĹ͹˳ģⲿԣҶʵ˫ǿס˶Էǡ
ַնҶʸˡһУҶ˶Էһǡ
ʱ򣬶սʹǷӳ˹˵ġ忪ʼ˶ҪҶʷҶʿסһߵǵ͵Ƕսʹַ˳ȥص˵ϡ
ôҵٶȵġսʹӵĿ˵ҶһˤϵһͷûжԶԷ̫˺
ֻǶսʹԼóбҶʸסˣЩ£û̵ķһֵĹ
ƨ£Ϊһ㡣Ҷһûи߶ԷҪǰԼİ취˶ԷǲǾζûʲôôɵӲŸ߶ԷȻöԷŰɱԼ
ԭˡõ֮еĻش𣬶սʹûзŭողһʵģԼڷһġûʲôرĺС
սʹҵ˴𰸡ԷܹĪĲ׽Լж켣ҴӶԷĳֵٶ֮ͻȻٶˡǿ϶ԼʲôСֶεˡĿϸϸĸӦһ֮󣬶սʹǷԭˡ
֮ǰҶʸеĲλһɫ·ҶʵѪҺӡȥ˵ġ֮ǰֻѪҺĲûע⵽⡣
ӡҶʵϢҶʸ϶սʹٶȣԶսʹϢҲ̫ϤǣҶʶԼϢޱȵϤİǰΪӦԼ˶սʹϵϢźĸ˶սʹһѵ
ڣˢǳϵӡܿģһƱϸСӡôʧ˿ȥˡ
һĻԶİҲ˹ûɵһȴֳһҶʻ޷ڴٶǿҶԼİ취Ӧԡ취ʮֵأܻ˷ʤġ
һʼһˣǹİɡսʹ˵ϲŭֳ
һһɡѾԷʶˣҶҲʲôˡȷʵһһ룬Էٶ̫죬ҶͻȻı䷽ӲġҪܹİ취˭ŰıԷһµİ
ȻܲˣҲܹװһµİܹ˵ĵȻǼõġҪǵȻҲܹԿҶʾԼѪҺڶԷһϸСӡǡ
ϸСӡǣûʲôϢġ֮ǰֱѪҺסˣȻǸӵԲ˵ġ
ȻŸɵҶʵĶսʹûע⵽һϸСӡǡӡǱҶãɹĲ׽˶Էƶ
ǲ׽˶ԷƶķҲζܹŰɱԷ˰ƽҶ˶ԵУٶȲʮֵĳԿЩרҵʿȽϣҶʾͳԿԴˡ׽˶ԷĶ򣬻ҪԷٶȣͳֵʱ䡣
ҪǿˣԷȻܹеġҪˣԼ൱ǿŴ򿪵ɶԷˡ


738 ӭҵ磡
˵뷨Ǻ¡ǻҪǿʵܲУȻĻûаԼ뷨ʵԼ
Ҷʾһ뷨ڹ۲죬ʵǿΪǿĺꡣҶʳɹˣǶսʹͱҶʸһˡ
ҶʸովǵϵߣܹģʵԼҲ뵱ΣգһϾͻϼĿӵˡ
ڣҿ㻹ʲô취ܹҡսʹһȻͻȻ٣˲ʧҶʵǰˡ
׳աҶʵ˵һ䣬Ȼǰץȥ
һѾͰһӰиק˳ˡ֪ʲôʱ򽻵еǵذǰ˹ȥ
顱һ죬Ҷһ֮¾ͰǶսʹı˿ˡⲢֻһɵˡ
Ҷץסһͷʵ֮⣬ĶǼٵġҶʱһ
ͬʱҶطʹܵǿҵĳ
ǰһӰǶսʹʱһаЦһĹǼ΢΢Ĵˣ߹֮ȫǳìһ㣬ȫҶʵСԴҶʱԷһ
ô֪ģҶѪҧ˵Էһ̫˵İȻóİ취ҪǶԷĹͷ볣˲һôʮʮģҶʶԼڱ̳ѵˡ
һΡѵһ᷸ͬĴôϷŪˣͲϷŪһΰȻĸо̫ˡֲ֮ǰƻóѵʱôĿġսʹЦţǷǳĿģһ㲻١
̫ҶʶܹԷеıˣϵһЩɫ
ǰҶʲûоһѪӡܹ೤ʱ䡣ԣҶһֵʱ򣬾˶Էһͷ
ѪӡǱԷĥˣһͷСͷǶԷģܹһϵҶܹӦóġ
ȻѪӡǱԷĨȥˡȻսʹҶʳ˹ˡҶҲƾеǣӦ˶ԷͬʵĲȻźȻֵģҪԷһ͵ġ
û뵽ԷҲǸ˲ţܹһġҶʵһοܿľͻѧãȻ󽫼ƾͼơ
Ҷ֮ǰץסģ֮ǰ˵ڵһͷսʹҶˡҶʹȻмˡ
ǹͷڱ仯ٹ⻪ǡ޷Ǳ̳Ŀ׶ҶʵеĲ֣ʼҵת˿ڽһ˺ˡɫѪҺĽһƬû
ҶʹĴСС󣬻ûгԹĿڡ
Ҷʡ׾ֵĴУЩˡܵ˺ʱ䲢ûа취ӳʵ֮ǰˣ֮ǰѰڰҶʶ˽ˡ
ҪҶҪǰ˿֪ˣǺˡ£ǽҵӹεĴѡ˿ĺˮжȹİɡ
ҶҧǺġӦ˰ƺȼҶʲòˡ
һڣšһɵľиˣ̲ס
ߣЦԼҪƵʹõġҵġҶץס˶ԷļͷѶսʹĹ̶סˣ¶һĨаЦݡ
սʹоӴ̽ҶڵĹͷҵŤҪҶɸʹ࣬ӶҶ֣Ȼù˵ˡ
Ҷʵ͵Եǳ˶սʹж˵ġĿסǶԼĹͷǲϷֵġ
һɫ磬ҶʵϢĸ˳ǰ˹ǽɫ磬ڵıĵУԵôĸ롣һõ磬Ǳʵӵˡ
ܿҶʾͱУǶҶʵĹͷҲǸűҶʸ˽ȥǲûио˿ĲʡⲢûöսʹĵģǸӵĵˡͷҵţȴ֣һ̣ǱѹһһԶֺġ
սʹˣԲʲô¡ǿ磬϶ޱȵյˡҶʲȥȲİɡ
һǶսʹ˽ȥˡ
Ҷɿ˽ץŶԷͷ˫֣ɶԷٵĺˡҶϵ˿ڿٵϡܿͻָ糣ˣһ˿˿ڡ
ӭҵ硣ϴҸո÷㻹ǵһܵġǲǺֵףһµءҶ壬˵ҪЦģ֮ǰ˵̫ˣҶЦİ


739 ҵΪ
ҶԭûдġΪҶҪĴԼҪ̫ȥסȥԵУ̫Ȥˡ
ңһΣվҪСĶˡûΣգʲôʲôͻơ
ҪҪЩĻҶֱӰ˻ʽȡ˻ʽ֣Сʲôսʹһİ׹սǺ˻ʽӵķôһģǰ׹ǵܲˡ
ȻܵˣҶʻûôѡôһеİ취һ֣Ҳһֶ˰ɡٳʹã˽ҲԽӵߵ϶ҲԽ˵ġ
Ҫöսʹ֪˵ĻһлġлҶûɥĲûԼƬˡ
һ磬ΪβһóءƲôսʹһ߹۲ܣѰһῴܹܲܳȥġǺźķ֣һʵһ㣬ȫӦϢˡöսʹǲˬټҶкöãһֱȵڡսʹԼˣǳķŭ
ɵƣȻܹžʹϽˡΪǹ˵ٶȣҵǰôҶһȻǰһȣ顱һ죬һӰҶʸ˳ˡ
֮ǰǶսʹҲ·ˡֻȽҶ취ˡҶһȻʧΪҶʳֵġ
ǣսʹû뵽ȻҶʸˡڶֵʱ򣬶սʹû¶һ˿ɱģȫͻȻֵġûѪҺӡҲûйͷҶʸקУսʹǱҶʸ˳ˡ
쵰ôҵġսʹһӵˣϻģ׹ֶҶʸѴˣļѹšס࣬ȻҴҵ
ܲ˵ϻôʲôҲҵģҲǶѾôҶ뵱ʲôҵģҪ˵ģǴСôˡңԼѾˣ˵ԼҲҵ⡣
սʹٴʧˣֱҶ˹һٶȸӵĿ죬ҶʵоȻܹÿռʱ䲨ʮֵ֡
ֻҪУҶʾʲôܹӦġʲôַ˶ĿҶ˵õġ˵Ҷףһ㶼ŵġ
һ㲻֪ڶο˵ɵơҪеΣҲûȥȤˡһ㣬ϣܹסҶʵ˵һ䡣쵶һƣ˵Ҷʾôķ˹ٴһ˳ȥ
䡱սʹٴαҶʸ˳ȥˡݺݵײ˵֮ϡ濴ǷǳʵģпҪΪʵ˵ơսʹ壬ٴһܵĽӴһĹĦ
ٴһͦսʹٴεһΣһߵİ׹ֱҶʸ˰˽ȥߵõòһģοҪԳһˡ
Ӧóӵģ˭ǷˡұӵжҶʶŶԷգĵ˵ͷԼڸԷҵ˱ĿһǳĿļ졣
ʱĶսʹΪߵնѹšȻһ;ȻȻˣǳԸУǳġǷᡣ
ɱ㡣սʹŭٴγҶʡɫڣҵȼ
Էٶȷӵ˼£ʱռıԵߡҶɫˣԼУȻԲ׽ԷжĹ켣˵ġ
µĴطһ׳ģһĸӵٵĳ˳ҶģĸӦ˵Ķսʹķɱ˹ȥ
顭໥ײһľ졣ǣźǲûлǶսʹ塣д󲿷ֱսʹٴĹâ˵ġ
ǰ죬ʱھҵĲҶʶƿءǰʱӡڿ˶սʹ塣ϴŵİ˵Цݡ
ЦãҶһȭ˹ȥǶսʹš
顱һȭǴĽʵʵģҶʾ÷ǳʹ졣
սʹ÷ǳĲʹ죬Ͼʹ׹죬ٵѿˡϸСĹͷƬҷɡڱҶʷŻʱСΧռУǷǳġ˵ĻһΨ
Ҷջ֣ҲջȭռĽƲˣǶսʹٵĵ˳ȥˤ˵ϡ
սʹһʹģġ


740 ʹ죡
սʹҪˣôĹôȻԼֵŰȻſһ֮󣬾ͱһˡǿҩһʲôҩôͣսʹҲҪŪһˡ
ҶҲҪˣôĹءȾ͸ֵŰԼԼſˣô͵ˡǲǳ˳Ķô֪ͣתвŪһĳˡ
ԷֻǾͨһǾٶȡΪֻһǹ˵ģԺⷽĶ´ǧͬ顣Էٶȷӵ˼£Ѿǽӽ˵ˣӶݱһЩ
ǣҶΪ˶ԸĶսʹȺпռƿʱƿأһȭѶԷָˡ
Ҷ룬ҪԼĶûôĶࡣͱԷ۸˰ɡ˵Ǹӵļѵ˰ɡ
˻սʹˣһѪĿԼҶʵһ֪оݶЩˣű͡
һʲôӢòˣһѪⶼʲôµǣٶһȥˣǱ˴һȭڰ˽ȥһⲻǺıҶʸһȭ
Ҳ̫Ҳ̶õˡҶʶûȥ˵ġҶ룬ҪٸԼһεĻᣬԼһһİɣԼмԶսʹֵͷǣԼһ㣬ֱӴ¡
ôģôˣҶʵ˰죬ûмԷٴγԼҶЩˣʵ
ϣϸƨϡսʹҪֱ۸˵İⶼҶʸˡһһһǴеӡζԼ˧ģöսʹ˵ӡ
ûҶʵʵ֮ǰսʹĲ׵ĳֵġ
ѿһ˳ˣŶսʹ˹ȥޱȵĴ׳һСɽһ㡣
սʹģˣѸٵʧԭأǡһգȻ˵¡
սʹûüһΧһһҵƿͬʱŶսʹɱ˹ȥ
ġڲϵķÿһ˺ѵص
սʹϵĸıŷڳвϵŲһġĽɱڡĹ̫ڵԣ˵ȽϵĻսʹԵıȽɵˡ
ʮһǶսʹλ˹ȥ˲ͰǶսʹСһɱһ壬ûһ˿Ŀ϶£ܿľͰǶսʹ屻еˡ
Ҷȴûκεı¶ĶǱĶѻɽ壬κε仯
ҶͻȻ֣Ͻ˸һѴСȻŵ水ȥ
顱Уǳϸ΢Ĳˡ⻹ǱҶʸŪġ
̳ɢȥһжҶʵǶսʹĲӣҶʸ˵ϡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôһɲǾȻʧȥ˶ԶսʹĸӦöսʹǰΧ֮˳ˡҶʲûдϷ鱨зֶսʹ֮ǰѾӳˡ
ҶʵΧһֱϸ΢ĲģҶʵڲϵɵģֻҪжܹҶʸ֪³ֵʱ䲻Ҷʻʱ
ǶսʹͻȻ֣ҶʹɱеʱҶǰĳˡһס˶ԷĲӣȻİ˵ϡ
Ȼ֪֮ǰôӳˡȻһȥ˶ĸӦ㻹ôɵ˰ĳң浱֮ǰ˵ĻôҶİŶսʹǳĲһɵƣȻԼɵˣоǷǳĲܵӵġ
һ˲䣬Ҷ֮ûб飬ûҶȫȫĸ֪˵λá֪սʹôӳģԼ˹Ҫǻǰ취ĻܹҶˣǶԷôɵ㶵ĳˡ
սʹĮȻոհٶȷӵ˼¡Խʱռ䣬һ˲ǰΧȦг˳ġҪ״̬ȥɱҶʡ״̬û͸ģΪӳΣգѾЩиˡͻȻ״̬˳
ȻսʹҶʵΧʱռСսʹѾǸоԵˡûа취ˡͿҶʵԼˡ
ĵġĿһǵһΡҲôˣĥһӡҾͲĥˣֱӸһʹ죬㳹׵ʧɡҶĮĶŶսʹĵ˵


741 Դ
սʹҵǲûһôҶʵһֱ֣صļһĿڶսʹĲϡȫܶǲûа취ƶһġ
ңΪҶƷˣҶʵԪϵŶսʹöսʹԽԽ
һԹǳŭţ죬ʮ콣һһĶѣҶʶ˹
ҶʵԪȫת嶼Ⱦ˲ӽɫڶķĽ⡣ǽɵһ㡣ŵ֣ǰһǷ˹ĹǴȫѡ
Զʱ򣬻ûעʱõЩֶܹҡҽˣЩֶξСĶһҶʵ˵һ㶼û档
Ϊ˷ֹԷٴεʲôСֶΡҶǶսʹһ𡣶սʹǳγɵĹܲȻȻˡ
ʱֻһĴõĶսʹ˵ϡȻвܹ֧κεĶǶҶ˵ѾһˣûһΣˡ
ôţҪ׵Ļôôˣ춯ְսʹѾûһϣˡǿ̬±Ҷʸˡ
⳹׵Ĵ˶սʹĵˣҲûһ˿ĽȻ˵ˣôҪǱҶʸ׵ķϵˡ⻹öսʹĶҪˡ
սʹöֻսģûġһһţû˭ܵ˵ġ
֪밬ʲôڡȻѾ˵ģ룬ǰ˵˲źáȻĻ԰ײáҶʷǳֱףֱӵľ˵ŶԷһԭ
֮ǰҶʸʱľһƳѾˡ˺ֹᰡֱлⲻĳˡ޺ǵģǡס԰׵ĳޡ෴ģֻ廳ֻнѣûĸ
׵ǲõӣȥһĲ˵󻹻ô鷢ãǰ˵˲źá
ʵĶ˭ˣãǲǶҵĲôܿܰˣҶֻһʹ졣ɺҵûǿҵȭͷûȭͷӲȻĻλõľ㡣˵ʲô˵㡣ҶʵĻǰѡסŭˣһͷŭëǳŭĳҶϡ
Ҷüͷ鲻̫ÿġʧܵ˶ȥˣԼɷҲ˵ġҪÿһôķ裬ÿһԼȥһ£ҶʻҪҪˡǹʹģҶʻǿˡ
ԹӰ˵˵ǴӺζҶʶӣʵԷǳ׵ıԼ˵ģҲ¶Էٷʲô
ϻȻˡסһ£Ȼû뵽Ҷʻ˵ķϻġԣж԰׵ĳޡҺеˣ޲ҵĶԴȪҪΪǹڵĳޣ룬Ҷнٴγġ
޲ԴȪֻǸʴ־ĸһ֣Ϊҵ˵ǿİɡΪĲһǵĳ㲻һɱˣ뵽ǸĿС뵽ǾˣǾ֮ϲáҪҵģѹԣҲû󣬽Ҳ㡣ҶʵĿ˵ʮֵƽԷһһ㡣Ҷ˵һ䡣ɱ˰֮Ļô֮ôȥδӣ
ҶʵƽҲûʲôطȴĺһȫӡˡס
׵Щ任Щãˣ֮ǰһȫǳȫǷŭ
֪Ϊʲôôްסǿ֮ǰ¶ĸӦǺģкҪĵλȻĻΪλԸԼ㷢йġҾãӦúúõ̸һ̸˵һжᡣס˼ʼˡҶʼ˵һһķǳ͹۵ķšûƫ̻κεһ
סãƽ۾˳˼֮СǻܹĸӦԷϢ˥ܣҶʶҪǲǱԼ˵ɱˡ
ڣƬ̵ĳĬ֮󡰰ס˫ۣвгޣеֻƣʲôʲôһ
ɡסĵĿڣƽû˵˭Ƕ֪Ǹ˭


742 Ϊ˼壡
ʮһ졣սǡһģ԰ʽסլС
үүˡһʮѾ٣źɫĳȹŮܽ˷СͤС
СͤеĿʵˣССͤҲ֪ػصת˶ȦˡʱѾߵϽվ壺̫̫ˣкŮ
үкһ˫̥ѾߵҲڲزסЦݣԵ÷ǳĿģĵ΢Цף
̫ˡˣôˡû顣˸˹Լķ˵İΣ֪ϽĿʵ
үû£ĸƽѾ߸Ͻ˿ĵ
ߣ⿴ȥ˵ŷȥѾ߸Ͻһߡ
ڲⱦģʮֵʣɽ¶ˮһ˿Ĵ̴ľ̵Ĵǰвæµ˽˶΢΢Ĺ񣺡үá
ȥɣȥɡǳĺã˻֣ʰ뿪
̴ľϣһ绪ĸˣʱɫЩ԰סǲ԰׵ɫڵסӣǶһ˿Ĳ̬ʱĸˣҸЦݣĸԵĹԡ
˵ͷϣеӤǻͷԵģüǸ뷿еЩơ
ˣû°ɡ˶˴ǰһĿŴϵĸˡ
๫û¡ֻЩСӣ̫ˡ㿴㡣
ЦЦЦʮֵᣬʮֵůġ
õģҿ˻䵽ϵ޷ȻһһıСӡҿҿСӣСʱһģһİ
ǰֱСʱķ档ЦЦ
ҵĶӣ츳ôĲ˳̽һӵʣ̾ףԣжսʹѪҪҵļôһսʹ
ԣѪһһ롣ѵһѪƽôҪһͺ˰Ҫһͺ˰
๫˵ʲôءĺӣ츳ֻҪŬαҪʲôսʹءЩԼһЩ顣
Уһ͸һսʹȴıСӸ̯ˡ˲Ḿˣй⻪˸˱ĺ⡣
๫еİⶼĺӰǻС޹İ˼ˣ֪˽Ҫ顣ӣӴϷͬˡ
úõչ˷ˣҪúõϢסܹ뿪һһ˦˸˵̧֣ȾȥѾ߱ҪȰģǿ˵ɫÿ£ߵĻָϽȥˡ
֮󣬸Ϊһ°ûкúõĵԼΪĻ䡣ûйãˡ
֮󣬷֪˴ģ˽Ѿȫʧ˵ǻϼˡеѾˣһһˡ
꣬ٴȢޡٹ˼꣬һǧС㡣
磬ˡ㿴ҸʲôóԵˡ׽㻻Ŀζһ𷢵ķ۵СкŽݣһյĵС
ΰһӦȫֻһЩ򵥵þߣԵʮֵĵͨӡҵĶˣһҹ飬ɢ͵ĹâҵĹԴȫ
ǿϲԵˡһӣǰĺӳĺƲڲյĵطɫЩ̬Ĳ԰ףСкʳУ˻ˣôôĿģʲôô
ǵָһã۷۵ģ̫ɰˡ㲻˵ôҪһãȻǶúõģκ۸Ск˸߲ҵ˵Ȼ뵽ʲô񰵵磬⵽ʲôҪʲôʱܹء֮һȥǵá
ָ絹ùôĲأҪȥˣ¾ͻ˲ıеġ˵ˣõĵӣǶһЩСкͷſҲЩǵҪܵܿԼųӣܿľת˻ˡ
ٱǰ̬ι֮ǰкһЩѪߵ˴¡
磬úõϢҲ֪ʲô취Ȼ˵ġкſտյʳУ߹ܵ˵ȥˡ


743 磡
֪ܵܲǣÿԼȥķ˶ǱԼĸ׼ϡ
粻֪ǣÿԼȥĶԼ׼ϵġ
ϲʲôҩֻһᴿڵĶսʹѪѪԾԶĳֱۡڸо󴦵Ѫ͵ʱ򣬸ƾѪҺ
ֱȣǲġ˵ˣڿȫһְᡣ
øΪɣ˰յĵң˸ˣûκһ֪ܹ˵ȥ˵ȥµĸΣա
ͬģҪκøļͱҪܵܺ¸ѪҺڼܹκøĲ
ǣһͯﾭܵסĥġкתӣ״ȴһһĲ˵ġȥֻһֽǾ
һеһУֻΪܵܵ츳ҪһЩڵѪӵŨһЩ츳Ҫ΢ĲһЩڵѪҪԵһЩ;ֵܵˡһһ
һжΪ˼塣һжΪ˼壿
˵ǣѪô׵եȡɾģÿεֻкСһֱȳԵеĸ˵ǲҵġ
˽ĳˣ˼ˡĶΪβķǲԵģΪû˵İ취
ǣȻ˻ɣĬûԷǻԼԣǸˣǵĸסǶĻ˿Ļɵġ
һΣǸ״ŵܵһȥĵҵġһ׼ĶǳķʢİڷһӣǸϲԵġĵģ׻׼˾ƣ˵Ҫףһ¡Ϊ󣬸ͿԳȥˡ
ΣžƾҶ˵˺ܶࡣ˵˺ֵܶĻʲôΪ˼ʲôģĺ
ΣҲ˵˺ܶࡣ˵ĶҪܵһúõչõĻҪùҸ֡
󣬰ĸ磬̧ѾǱݹ᾵ֱۡȻ˺۵ϸһ£ܸܵϽĺ˵ѪҺ
֪ΪΣܵܿ˸ӡۿݣֻһƤˡӵܼܵ˺ܶˣǲ֪ΪΣξȻЩˡ
кǸӣ˺Ѷ顣
絹ˣ۽ˮ
ܵƴĿƴźǸ𽥵ʧ建ıñ䡣
ԭĻɣһѾʵܵܺʹࡣɤˣ۾ˣǸ粻ˡҲˡ
ĮȻֻ˵һΪ˼壬Ȼʹ󲽵ȥˡܵܿˣ׵Щ뵽֮ǰԵƵʱĴҲЩ
Ӵ˳Ĭ࣬ôĻЦˣһҹ֮ͳһÿҹﶼξѣȻҹҹ˯š֮ϰˡٺεˡ
֮úܺãֱ˵簮õƫֱЩˡû֪ڸԼһ֣Լĸһ֡
Լĸ磬ûжκһκڰĻ䣬̫ڵѪȲˡģ궼һμˡ
ڵĵصУ׹ڡסߡҶʾһҹһԸʵҶǺ棬ҪһʲôţŲߵġǰ׻ǡסǺһûҶʡ
磡Ľһг
ҶĶˣҪðٽһģŷ֣׽еǵŵġס
ŵġסԵЩģƽ죬ֱˡ
磬Ҷôϣ㰡ôҹĲġģһ㶼ġҲֹһεҪȥֲ£߲Ŀµİʵ˵ޱȵ˸Сһ̵İ¶һ̵İޱȵĴһ̵İҶʾúİ
Ҷ˰죬֪ǰˡҪǰҶ롰סﾲҶΪʲôŵԳԼǡסˣҪ츳⡣롰סݾҪԻһµ˰ɡģİҲ൱˵졣˵ѪҺ԰˿Ҳݵİ
ִ̫ˡһ̣ȷұˡһֱҪڵȵһᡣҳˡҺûе֣ȻĻҲֲġסתͷҶʡлл㣬ллֹҡˣұ֮Ҳ֪ʲô


744 Ըҿ㣡
סһ̵Ŀǳ̹ϣҲǷǳϡڽ⿪˶ĽˣĵڸлҶʡ
֮ǰ֮ôĳޣȫΪ֮ǰִֵġһŵĶǱǰľĴ̫ˡ
ǣ˰׵ܹеᵽ׶ָ飬ֻű˸ӵʹĸоͻȻˣʱǻűӵʹ࣬ӵĥ˵ˡ
סȫڷ⣬ڿʼȥڲʼɢʥĹâһţѿһڵļ
һ̡סȬ岻ĻƮ
硭Ŀڣгһ
ܵܣɡҲˣҲǵĸסⶼ˵ŪɡһҪллһˣлʶ㡣סһĺЦݣ紺һĲãڵĻǵĵصУԵǷǳĶء
֪ҪѰʲôȷʵ֪ʲôطΪǴӻģ֪ĺޡĸо˷ǳĿ£ӦòܹԸġǻǻȥɣúõĻסһĸ̾ı۾ϸϸĸΧһУлź
֪Ķǡ֪ҪԵĶ϶ǷǳĿµģвòȥɡԵʱ䣬׼ġھôĿˣȵ׼ˣǸӵûʤˡԷڿʼĹ⻯ڻʧҶʿڣеʵ
ҵѾˡǵ˲֪ŵʲôʱĳһطģǲ֪ˡסĶҶʣҶеִţסһΣǿڸҶԼ֪ĽеĴ𰸡
Ҷʣû°ɡ磬ôˣԶ˿˹
ҶԭزҪǣߵĶôĴ󣬰˿ôܹĵµءϵģʱˡ
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ô˵ôոպһֱҶʲҪ£˵ҪҪ·ʲôġ˿ʵǳֱӾʹˡ
ܰҶʵĹϵôôΪãҪߣȻҶСҪǽû֪˻ôĵءǴܹϵģҪˣǲһƤŹֵˡ
˿һʰ죬һߴʿٵΪ֪Ҷûˣ֮ǰ·ҲһЩ˿ߵıȽϵĻ
ǵôȻǿɰޱȵİǼˣҲˡסԶİʼǴҸЦݵģʲôһ
磬㲻һôһϽʵ
ˣˡͲ֪ҵġһֱˣҪ֪ˣôҡѵǰ¶ôҲ˺졣סķǳĿԼ֪ͷǳˡԼ飬ڰ˿˵ǲ֪ΪáȻĻֻ˰˿ģƽ޹ʵܡ
ĮȻ˵ǶԵġҪǼˣĲ֪ôܵġ˶ǳϲãȻϣ֪̫İ顣
벻ΪˣûпǷ硣ȷʵʺϳϵİɡסԸʣһȷʵһڰյĵжȹֻ˵ϵķûмʶġ
һֳĴ󻷾£Ҫҵ֮ǰ磬ǷǳĲ׵ġҲֻовĻ˵İɡǣ̫ԶסҲ֧ŲǸʱˡ
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ٴչҶʳšס΢Цڡסһ㶣ȻعмĳҶʵ˵ͷȻ󻺻С
Ҷʴ߶˼£еһиӵʵӵˡҹĽг֡ݳݺҲڻ¡޳֣šס˹ûһ˿ɱΧŰת
סһƽޱȵͣɢŵĹâӵǿˡʧˣҶʿŰ׳Լ죬û


745 ҵĺۣ
Ҷʲʲôǻˡס˼źϼ䣬ǷӦлл
ڰ˿֮ǰǡסǳ׵Ĺ⻯ˣϸСĹ㣬ҶʵƮɢеһиˡ
磬ߺáſڣǳС¾һȥˡ
Ҷʷǳƽϲ̫ˣҶʿ̫˵ġʿһǻȥġֻˡ
ֻΪ밮˿айϵҶʲŶסȽϵģǱһЩ
磬Һܡ˿˹ˣޱȵί
ôˣһ£ͷͿ˰˿֮ۡǰڰ죬ʱû˿鲻õİʣǲɵġ۸ãĲ㡣
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ԩʲôûиɡȻǺúõġͻȻͿˡҲǳơ֮ǰ밮˿죬뵱ĿֵģôͻȻ䰮˿Ϳ˵ء
磬ʵԭ򡣾ҾܣĺۡʲôҪĶ׵Ҷȥˡ˿ڰ׵ļϣСĳš
Ҷ밬׶һۣȫ˶ԷеľȡڤڤУоһ˫ε۾ڿᡣһ̣׵Զȥˡ
ڤڤеĸо׵ʧˣ˿ĪıҲǻɢȥˣָֻ֮ǰӡ
˸磬֮ǰʲôôŪôĶ˿Ŀʵ֮ǰԶӦߵĺ˵Ĳżò˵ġˣǸɫ˭оһ˿ɱǳϤӡǰ˿ϸĿһ£ûп
һѣд衣ǽɫĹӰѡϤΪȽɡײûľ˵һԡ
ôһµءҿҲõİ˿ǳľˣ԰׵Ļһ㶼ûлɵġ
ͻȻ˵顣Żȥˣ´лٴȥɡ׻Ŀڣޱȵĵͳѹ֡
ҶҪЦһôõĽڣֱؼҳԷˡҶûЦȻںЦֳʵѹֵܵġ
ҲĵûЦҶôˣܹԹɫı¯ˡҶ밬׵鶼̫Ծӡ
ðð˿ĵĴӦšףôˡؾޱ֮ûмġ
˿обҺνԼŸ粱ϵֱϣĿʵ
Ͻɿ˰׵Ĳӣ̧ͷ졣ǣ۵޾ĺڰưܣһ˿Ĺ֮еΣҲûмġͷȴǰ棬Ŀ
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˿ȥײᣬǲ֪ΪʲôԽԽ࣬ǶߵӣôĶֹס
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֣ʲôš̫ˣҪġʿ̫ˣûаҶʵĻһµġ
Ȼʾ͵ùˣҶʺʰһ٣Ȼˡ
밬밮˿ǧ׵ľˡԷˡ˵밮˿û˵˵ġ
ʸûа취Ҷʰˡĺһʱ򣬻ʮµģһĥҶûа취İѰ׵ʽȥˡľʣ׼ڰ˿ǰֱı֤Բڰ˿ǰҶǰˡ
Ҷʲô顣ôʷǳķŭ


746 Իˣ
ҶһֱʣЩˡ֪Ͳ͵ˡ
ҶʺҪ˵ˡŶԣոʲô˵õܣȻתͷ͸߱ˡҪĽһ䣬Ҹ㲻Ҫ߱Ŷ飬ҶֲûģǴıʡ
ھһΣǧ׼ڰ˿ǰȻĻһǻʹһεġ״Ű˿߹ˣҶٴξһ£ʲҪ졣
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ţûˡҴлл㡣룬ǿڵлˡҪҶĲõŪáסһ£Ҫûа취ɵˡ
Уʲôлġû˾ͺáҶİ׵ļ򣬲ûаѰ׸ſġ
Щ֪׵ױһЩʲô˶ٵѹЩܹѹκһ˵ġһ꣬ȷͦ˹ˡԼúõչãһֱڡȻ˵Ըģûдϲûд󱯣ҲĲˣһ˶ԵƷζ
Ҷ룬ԼҪúõչãðܹİɡô˵ҶʶͦһġҶ£Լֱӱˣġ
Ժʲôĵ飬ܵҡҶٴİ׵ļȻ˰һɫ
һġ׶Ҷϵ¶һЦݡǸܶԱ̫ˣѾǿҪѰ׸ѹ˵ġǳһҶ֪ˣܹһĳ̶ϸ׷̯һ¡һͬĲò˵ܣð׾Ҷ˲ٵˡ
˿һôʱʴǰСĿʵ
ܲסˣ̫ˣ̫ˡңôˣ֮һİ˿Ȼǲ֪ġҪһʣһܴʩôôϸġ
һ£ҪԼ֪˵Ļǿ϶Ҫ˰죬嶼֪˵ġ
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ǰһ̻ڸлҶʣΪ˲æܹܡôת˵ȥ˵ء
ҶʼװûпǳΡһӵĻͷйʵȥˣʵҲЩ˵ģЩˡ
ʵܲˡ˿˵ǡʼװûпҶʵӲͷƤ˵˿ȥ
˵ʲô˵˵ǺæҶˣһʵϣʵݶġ˳Ƶסʵͣôֻܹص
ǵʳﲻ̫˵İҪ˵ȥʱ䣬㶼ûжˡԼΪȥɡҶ΢΢ĿϣʵĶС˵
һĿ־壬ԭĺʲôĶʧˡȡ֮ģǶûжԵĿ־塣ʲˣһ˫ۿĶҶʣжҪˡ
ôҶʵʵ
ƴĵͷܹôҪǱ飬ʿܻôһЩסǹڳԵĶķǳġ
˵ôҶٴοʵ
ٴεͷ˵˵ƨ̽һܹô˵ʱһ飬ӾͲҽ˵ôȻǲܹİ˵ˣǴ̽ˣǽӿ϶ǻҶ밬׵ֹĥġгԶİ
Ҿ˵ԻǶˡȻ˰˿簬ˣʵǸô򡣡ۼЭˣҶʹЦ˵ޱȵӣʵޱȵΣҿ׵۾ֻǿŰ˿
ǽ춼ֵӡ˿֪׷ʲôܵľʲôԼġô룬뵽Լһ֪ĸ顣
̫ڵĹѪˣҪ˵˿벻Ҷʶ벻ġֱֳҶʣЩ̫Ѫˡ
ۼǹȥˣҶʳһոǺˡȸһܶҪ˵ˡ


747 һѰ˷֧Ԯ
Ҷ˵ǹѪ飬ڰ˵Ǽʹ飬˵Ǽϲּ顣
ʲô飬ٰ˿֮ǰǲ֪ġңҵļ̬ȡ֮󣬰˿Ҳǲ֪ġ
ʵϱ˵ģ˿ǲ֪ġֲʲô飬ԵľԶĲ߰˿ˡ˰˿ҲûõģעԶ˵ġαظ߰˿ð˿ƽ޹ʵܵء
ҶȺԼ鷳ܹѡסȻˡǣ⻹ģĵطսûֹͣܶ鷳ҲͬĲСġ
ҶһΣȴòȥ֧ԮˡսѣʧһԳܵġ
ϢûУҪȥæˡҶתͷʰףҪðҲæΪ鷳ĲһطǼطͬʱֵ鷳ҶʾǿҲֻһˡ
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ԣ˵״̬ҶʺãҲȫġȻҶǱߵĶֵ̫ˡҪðעⶼǷǳѵġ
ҶǱߵĴŸոֹͣȻͻȻԼߡȻֽһսܻ᲻֪ء
Ҳû⡣ǾͷͷжɡҶʺٺһЦȻŰ˿ʾͷɶ˳ȥˡ
׳һĬĬĵϢһӣȻתڵԪ㾡ǰս
Ҷʣ쵰һŭʴҶʧķ׷˳˰׵ǰ
ױһȻ󶨾һŷʡ
ٺ٣Ҷ̫ˡŮ˾ֵˣ˵ҸߡҲӦȻֱӰҸ˳ˡ׶ЩëҶĵĽһ¡
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Ҷȥˣȥæġ϶ܹʱʱ̵̿Ĵڰ˿ߵģ͸˰˿ʵദĻˡҪͣʱΰ˵ˣ֮ǰζǰ׷ˡ
߰ɡʵʵĸš׵˵Ȼƿշˡ
ιôĸſļϵôһ£ȻںĺǺ˰춼û˿ãѾԽԽԶˣѾǿӰӵˡ
ʺ޺޵һӣ˸Ǹ׷ȥˡʵûеʱȥŭҶʵüͷˡŰ׻һЩˡ
ҶǹĴŰ˿뿪ģ밮˿ͬһߵġŰ˿ܱǴҪõĶİɡҶһʱʵ̫ˣǿ˵ġ
ң˿ߣľܹ£ԪġҶҲܹٵļȡһЩԪٵĻظԼ
˿֪Ҷʵ뷨һ˵˿֪ҶʴսΣĺܴӣתԪԪ۵˺СһΧУҶʿԸա
ҶʰæʱҲаԼĶֽ˵ġ֪εĵ˺鷳˿ܹһأȻĸȥæġ
սϵľȻһͷǺһͷӡҶϸֱãȷϴʧޡǱ׷ɱùǺģҶ̵ļ䡣
ھȻֱ˳ˣսй
Ȼ⸴ޣǳսҲǽȵˣսľһҰһ㡣ȫǰѶֵڶԴõĶһЩԵַȴЧܿľƷޣ׵Ĵˡ
СӣҲЩĻ޶˸찵صġļһ㣬ϵĸɱܿľͰѶָɢˡ
ʾߡͬǿޱȣ嶼ҪˣǻԶˡ
Ͼûˣഫжʧˡؿνǿ֧ţǲ㱻Էɷˡ
Ҷʼʱĸϵɫ幥ǿ󣬷ġǶҶʵθڣϵǿǿײܿľͱҶʸ˿СѪɽ춼ǵġ
֪ǲΪǱԭεʼնûдҪʩ߶ģΪȥ֮ѾʧȥĹ˰ɡ⸴ĶҲȫġ


748 
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ҲɲҶǲˣǰ϶ӵաڴҵ״̬̫õӣûа취ˡҪһʱϢ
ҪǣҶѾǵõ˲ֵ鱨ˣҪҽһµġҪҵǡסѾֱˣǸɲǰеǿߵġǽҪԼˣҶҲҪǿˡ
Լɵһ϶֣һʱ꣬ȡʶõһЩ鱨֮һѣһ̸֮λת˹һЩ顣ȽϣõڵĴ𰸡ҶصĽû˵϶˭Ӳ˵Ǹ˭
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Ҷûһأǳ̹׵˵ĻȻҸ˹ˣѡԼǿ϶ҲҪŶԷġʲô飬ӦҪȫȫĸ߶Էˡ
֮ǰĴսѾúܶ˺ǳˡҶʵĻЩǶԷʱģԸǵġǿǵĵжôǿ˵ġǱΪû̫ߣǵ̶𾪵ˡ
ǰ·϶ӵյˣʱпܻᵹµġҲΪԼļ˸ǲǣûм˾͵ˣֵôҶȨ⣬˼ţǼǰ˺ȥ͵ġ
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ǣʿô˵Ҳпԭˡ̫ˣʱϢֻԪˣƲûкת౻˺һǣҪһֱԪѹţʧѪȥˡҲ̫ãҪʱľϢ
ȻҶܹģʱ˵ԴҵʿЩˡ
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˲ȥѵܹѱ˸ȥİȲ˵ᵢܶʱ䣬һ˷Ѽľ
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ˣûеģҶʿʵҪôߣҪôķǲ̫õġ
ҡҲҪؼҡһʿߵġ֣Եúǲ˼ӡ
쵰ȻҲҪӵġҿˣɳ̰˳ֵܵġһĺŭţɫӵˣһӵĿǸֵʿһŲŲһǳĶһġ
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һѣһ㡣һֱţ˵˵ЩβҸ㵲ġôֻһѵˣţվ׳ʵһͷţһ
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ҡСϱոոһӣ⻹ûµġΪǳɣҪ˶þܹȥ˵ġڶµʱȥǵĿӵµġǣǶ˶ˣһֱûҵĻֵλáң˺ԽԽǿӡ˵ķǳСȻԽԽˡҲ˶λõĿ־塣
£һزȥˡҶӶûмҵİһҪ¶࿴һۣһ¶ǿԵġ
Ҷ˵ˣ֮飬ܹ˵ʲôҪݶԻһµĻ˵ܶһʼͲųˡܹһѾǷǳĲˡ
ˣȥɡǾ仰ϣܹڱҪʱ٣û֮ǰҪס԰ҶƬ̵ĳĬȻͷͬˣͬȥ
Ҫȥտҵĸ
Ҫȥزϱ

Ѿ˴ͷˣҲûоʲô˼ˡǳ̹Ȼľ˵ԼһЩ鷳
ҶʼʮֵƽֻҪ˵˵ģҶʾ͵ͷӦԲҲԲǿġЩѾĴηˣѾˡȥܹʲôء˹˼ɣһǴʱǾԵǻύġ
ˣû˿ˡôҷģһֵľҪȥǵġãҶʿǲõġ
ˣû˰ɡǾ;ĻȥɣڣصҲҪһݵġҶʵ˵ϲŭֳ
ģȥ֮һػľġǵǿվȥһͬ˵ȻҶǹ˹֡
ءҶҲվǹ˹֡
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ˣķ֮һ˵ӣһ˺öࡣңҪǣҵս˱˺ܶࡣ˵뿪ڴ˵һִִϵģǿġ
ǣߵЩУЩʵġеǣ̫࣬Ⲣûʲôʲôʱǣңʲôʱ򲻸ǣһҪġ


750 ħɽ
Ȼ˵ô˵ЩȻӣǸԷһñһġȷʵӵİ
綼Ҫûˣ嶼Ҫû˵ʱ㻹ʱȥġйˡЩеûģиƨð˵죬˵Ǻ죬ʲôû˵ġ
ҲҪͷɥİˣҲþǻµİҶʿҶЩĬȻҶ̫ϤûжٻġڣԵǱ֮ǰӵĳĬ˵ġ
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ôһͣҵ鶼Ǻ˺ܶˡ٣ûоǾǲеˡܶ˶Ҷ˵ķǳеģаĵͷСĶ࣬ܵһЩˡ
ΪǿһЩһЩ͵ˡʲôˣԼǿ˿˵ġΪȻ˵ڴ˵Ҫǿٵģأȴûôлˡ
ȻҶûˣ뿪ˡǾֱȥѰҺˡҶʶһ£ȻһЦݡΣ֮ǰĵ֣Ķ֡šȫˣǻؼϢӵİɡ˰Ҫʵ˶һµġ
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һ㶣ȻȻЦеͷͬҶʵĻȻ˵û˵Ҳ֪֮顣ǱϾԼΪҳЩȴڹؼʱˣôжЩôƽӵġ
ҶȻԵúСӣǶ˴ҵθڣ÷ǳĲǳȤǽһԹǸʧ˵ġҶʱĹӣ벻ˡ
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ЩŹȥҲ̫鷳ܹһЩеĵġ
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֡Ҷֹסţţǳ鷳
ǰħɽѾֵˣȻǱ˵ġ
˴εĴܹģʲô򵥵ĶҶʾãɽУ϶Ĵڵġ


751 ܰҶ
һʱΪΪ̫ͣʲô֮УÿҶ·ܹһЩѰĶġ
ΣȻҲǲġܹεؾޱıȻһϵʵ֤ˡ⻹ȫҶľãɽǿϢ޵ģڳ˯һ㡣
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ʲôҶʣ˭֪ҶһԱţԷֱӱסˡŵĳ˲ͣ٣֪ǳ˻ôġ
һֻɫĴ˵ע֮һĻƽһ£ֱ·˹ȥ
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ʲôëȥĽҶûк˵߶߶ġ
ľҶʣ˻ҶʣʵЩˡͬͬյˣּһ˻ʵĳƺ
ҶʵĺܶôҶûĻشΪҶʾôشʵ̫һӡǰ׻ظ˶Է
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ħҶʻˣҿܰܶĶȷҶʵݣûеĿװʲôġתܣٶȷɿ죬һܻһڴеģޱȵҪ˾ջһġ
ҶһͷĺߣҲĿɿڴģ֪һҶʣûжʲôİǰֻһ㶼Ϥӡ֪ΪʲôôĺԼġ
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ҰɽҴܣּϷµġ޺ϣɽǲһ
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ҪңҪҡǰӵģ϶ûϴɾǳģһ㶼óԡۼԼסˣҶʾȻԼߡһľǽɫС۾Ҳ˿־塣ʱǿ־ҶܹԼٶȵˡ
ҳðԡҶһ£һͷĺߣ̧־Դصûһ¡֪Թʲô䣬ûȫɢһ㣬ǳĺšʲôӵ˵һĹϵմȾϵˡ
Ҳóԡǰ졭С۾еĿ־ӵŨˣ۾Ҫɳˡ
ǰһ˷˰ɣû˵꣬Ҷʾʹ˽Ļ˳ŽĻû˵ĸȫˡ
ô֪һ㶣û뵽Ҷô֪ԼҪ˵ʲô
ˣҲ˵ˣҲûҪġҶʲ붺Ūˣɿ˶Կռ
˳ǲûмٴ·ΪҶܹ׷һΣȻܹ׷ڶεġʱ·ˣٲҪһٱġոҶһ£ýˡвϵֹȻ봫еһıһɥĲġ
㿴ôʲôУոҺĶЩʲôҶʷǳֱӿʵҶ벻׵ģֱʱȽϺá
Ҳ뱻ԵôܹܵءУܲˣҲҪ֪ͨҵͬǾĲҲ˵ҶʺûҪɱͼˣӴһЩ
ʲôʱ˵ҪˣҶһ£Ȼʵʻˡ
ҶĺһġȶԷʾģԼֻ˵˸ţʲôû


752 ε꣡
Ҷʵ⣬ǱӵӣҪشģǿҶʵ飬ֲò˵ˡ
⻹ʵôȥץһͬһʣ˭˵Զġһıߵ飬ԵúƣԼץס˵İɡץסˣҲˡܲģǴ򲻹ġֻһʹ죬Ұ
˵žͱ۾ƮҶʵļȥˡڿһһġ
ʹðȥʲô߰ġҶٴεһͷߣȫͱŪˣʲôʲôһǽͱҶʸ˳ȥ˵ġ
Ҿ㣬˵áŭˣ뵽һСãҶʷǳȻҶˡ
˵ð˵ҶʸӵҪǶԷԼûʲôҶų˵ġ
ֽһҶʳ˹ˡ
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Һúõ˵˭˵һǵˡҪǲúõĻشĻǸԵ˵ġҶʹŽ¶׺ݵӣǰѽסˡΪҶΪԼ¶һڴĦţ֮ϣż˿
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һ˵һ߹۲ҶʵɫҶʵɫԽԽѿˣҪˡ
ҶһүгģһѰģȻôϢɫ仯ôĴġͻȻԼ̯ˣԼ̯ϴˡԼһֻ˾ˡүӻҪҵģɲܹʲôİ
Ҷ̫ˣȻ˵սթôԼϢ˵ˡĲϵİţֱҪ˵ġ
ҪҶ֪ˣͰųˡ˵ԼҰ޾ˡΪҶȷʵͦϲԵġ˵Լ̫սթˡԼ˵ʲôôⲻԼ§ô
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ȻûԼҪĴ𰸣ǽıѾ˵˺ܶ˵ġ˿ƭ˵ģôƭĵҶʵء
ȥҶʳһĳ嶯
Ҳ֪Ĳ֪Ҷþûмˡǿˣ۽оӨҺ廬䡣
ȥҶʿûʲôĵˣſšǾ޴ˣ˲ͰǰĽˣһĽӲӵëȫſ㱻γ
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˺ˣҶСӣˡˣˡԶһϵ˹һɽҶʵƮ˹һʱûмꡣ
껹ӣûʲô仯״򲻶ɫ仯꣬ʱһΡҲ֪ԼſںĻѾǱҶ֪˵ġ
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ˣҶƽ۽ģҲʲôֵ顣
ʿıݣֱͲôĹ淶ġֻҪΪ죬ֻҪʵˣôǰ
Ҷôһ˵ԵЩ˼겢û෴ģϵεɫӵŨ˵ġ껹ǳԻģһֱǰצǲܳëϰ¡
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753 ҵľƣ
ˣȻܵħɽеĺ󱲵Ļӭ˺ܶࡣҲǺƢʲô˵ˡһЩǳص飬ȷֻδġ磬ҶɫѪҺӡС
꽲ߵĶһЩҶ羭顣Ҳ֪ЩϲʲôġͽһЩҶʤǿ飬ҶεǿεǱ޵ġ
ǰҶʵħɽҲ˵ġ˵Ҷʺ壬Ϊʲô尡ʲôľͿ˵ġ
Ҷħɽеǿǰĸߴе޶޲ҶʰݰӵģȻҪҶͬĻÿ˶ҪȥһҶʵġ
ʱЩ޺ء̫ˣ֪ʲôᷢġ
˵ĶûõİȫҪȥһҶʵġôأסˡ
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һΣҶʶӶˡֱӰ߸˶ʾŪſˡҺʵƤģûп졣Ҳ˵ݸҶʳԵĶˡӹһٵˡ
Ҷ˵ˣƽԸǰһлŵĶһģһЩʲôζġ
ôңҶ˵ײСһȫҶʶˣ˭ҳȥҶʵء
ΪҶʵħɽʵ̫ˡԹҶʵһжǴķǳĿٵġҶҳԶ飬ܿĴҾͶ֪ˡ
飬ǷǳġţһҶ˵һ£ҶһĻԼĵģӦǲġ
ԼûȥҶʵģҶʾȻԼˡεãֱҪȥˡ
Ϊ˲ǳȥôİҸˡôİܻҵҪ֪Ҷ½ϣľľӡôµôҶĽߵȥǳΪԼԼĺ󱲣ȻԼˡ
Ҷʾû뵽ԼôĹãȻܹŻ󱲵ˡ˵ʱĻҶҲġܹԼסˡ
ڣôܹƭǵءղˡûбҶʸɱԼҪԼˡ˵һЩҲ˵Բҵģָһ˿ϣİԱߣ˵Ҳûйıˣո˵ꡣΪ˵Ҷʷ֮Ҳǽžͷ˵ġ
ٺ٣ǳʱڣǳʱڡԲסԲסεŲǣ⵱ź󱲵棬ҲΪˡ
ҶʡҶǰƣɽеҩģǳĲǶТڵģĲ࣬ȵöǳʡһûͷûԵôһ䡣
֪ǰûпܺôһءҶʻ⣬ܡһҲȡһ
쵰ôܹ˵ء꼱ˣҪô
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үӣѵôľЭôôҪȥҶʳԵôһĻɽеЩ޼ˣĺš
ǰүӡ㲻˵ҶˣҲܹǵסô㲻˵Ҫػһӵô

޺ϣȫһЩʵǿģܹԵޡҶһȺ˵ЩġֻмϣүܹͻȻ䱬ҶǸɱһƬײˡ
ˣʲô֣ȥϢȥø͸ȥû뵽ôķӦҶʸӵļǺԼϽĿڴš
Ҫˣ˵һ仰ôǰϹ۾ˣȻΪһˣһֵ𾴵ĳɽе޲ôĺúŪģʲôܹ˵ġ
֮ǰҶǶġˣȥϸ˵ϸ˵ȴҶǽȥΪȵԼľӵĵطȽϺãٴȥ֪һЩʲô
ҵľƣȻһȾƵĶ
һ졣û˵


754 һ˵
ħɽǱȽϴģҶ˽⵽˵ģǺСһ֡νħɽĵشҲСʿԼƶϳģ׼ġ
ҶǻǷһӵģŵĿĵءȻ˵ԼƶٶкܴĹϵҲò˵ħɽǺܴˡ
ǿƻʵٶȻǷǳĿġΪ̫ڵӴһԭŸ˻ĸо
ǰһɽ壬ɽǰһƬˮأһˡסĵطΧܴķΧУûһֻǿ޵ģʾ𾴵ˡ
굱ȵĳȥպǰǸġڳʱûж̦֮޺ĳǣһЩСˡһƬһ
꣬㻹ǻѡطİôһطǰܹҵ¼䣬ĺѵõˡˣ˵ҲûʲôҴŵˣֱֱġ
طȷʵǲˣҲֻħɽУܹҵĵط˵İɡȻ˵ӦҪˮ˵İɡ
˵ˮΧͿˡȻҶʲµһġΧһеĶõģΨˮǷǳҪĶˡ
ʱҶǾںߡˮУһ̧ܵͷǣǸΪʲôˡ
ǵľأҶʲòˡȻȾƵġôĶҪһİ
͸ĿɥһΪҶǿЦġڶԷѾˣٲóǾЩֵˡ
ˮ֮ǸɽһɫٲɽλãٲһԷֿˣ¶һɽɳ˼̳ӣһʱζζ˱Ƕδȣ˾ˡ
Ҷһ㶼Ǿ̳ӻûзɹʱҶʾֱȡ̳⿪⣬ζӵŨˡֻһӣоĶˡ
ӾƷǳζйӵζ˾ˮ֮УûƻƵζǰǾƸеøӵĶصˡ
ⲻҶʵһκ͹ӾƵģɽҶʺȹʱ;رĺúȣڵЩͬˡɽУΪԭһȻĺھˮС
ڵģȫһЩҩǿĻôΪ˾ˮǷǳرġоҺҩ
Ҷһ˾ͽһ̳ӵˣоڵԪЩˣͣ˿һҲССڵĺ˲٣С˵ģӵ޶ˡ
ڼ䣬ҲǿٵķˡƽʱһöϲҴܣʶ޲١֮ǰҶʵĸϢʱһûٳġڸҶһֳ˴ˡ
һЩôŵġһ֮ǰȷʵһֱҶǵģ֪ҲȽ϶࣬˵ҲĵģȷʵѰӡҲͶ֮ǰڸŪˡ
һҲһ㶼ûпģֱӱһ̳ӡѾˣڵϣʱգ졣
ħɽʵۺİȻʱûпֵġҲȵĲˣҶʿʵ
ҶôһʣҶ̧ͷеʲôܡ
ֻҪһޣǿ϶ǻܵġȻûУɽûΪ޷ݵǿߡɽҲûܵΪҶʼǸֲĴڡ
ǣħɽΪʲôҲûʲôˡһֱ꣬Ӧ֪һЩʲôġ
֪ɽûǿôļ򵥵ġд˵һ˯廯ɽ˵ûа취֤Ҳһ㶣ȻʵĻشôˣȻͷЩһĵطˡ̽ĽҲͬ޹ġ
ܶ˶һ㶣˵飬ʲô̫صĶ֪ĲٵġֻҪΪһĵزȻܹɽһЩĵطġ
̽˲ģûܹ׼ȷĸһ𰸵ġʲô˵Ҳ˵ġǰô˵ˡ֮ǰҶǵһЦ˵ûеһµġĳ˵ľЩһˡ
ӳҪˣѾ˵ģ˫צеľ̳ӵ˵ˤķ飬ǾҲһ˺ܶˡ
˵ܶΣںܶǿ߿жǲû˼


755 ܹȥô
˻棿ҶʸϽ׷ʣҪĻôĶҪ취Ūѡûа취ŪѣҪһЩεĻҲǷǳĲġ
֪һֱһ˵ûмģҲûиܵʲôġңҵҲͬûиӦġԴҡһ˹һʾԼ֪顣
ǹϵٵһˣڳǿǺѱɱܻܾõʱġ
궼˵Լûпˣ˵ԼͬûмˡҶʷͷһϢûУôȥֵء
ɽУԼܹɽһתôֻҪҪûܹŪİɡ
ⶼʱϢһʼûôһԮġȻҲǾͲˣҶʻķǳĿġ
ˣʱһȺҪȥʲôרҵİɡʲôϽѯʵ
Բ¶ˡǾרġҶ˶˼
ҡûʲôİɡһ£ҪҶǲڿЦġǿҶʵɫ֣ûʵó
Ϊǰؾޱ䶼ûκεĸı䡣ǾͲͬˣгɶѵİ׹ǵĵطӦ֪˵İɡ֪ȽϳٶۻôģҶʾıһ㶼档ſ˵Լ˵Ŀġ
ħɽȫʱġ淢һЩ飬Ҷȫû뵽ġ걻ˣʵһ뻹ǽԭˡ
ŶʲôˣȤôܻ᲻֪ء
ҪΪôô̳ƵأĶڵѪİҪؾޱ䣬úǸӣŲȥħɽеĺ󱲻᲻ġȥѰҶֺηֻҪȥǣȥӣҶʻǷǳĺ˵һ˵ġ
һ㣬ǲࡣҶʲûֱ˵ֻ˵֪ˡ
Ŷǿ˵Ҵŵĸʲô꼱ˣεľޱʵ˺ܵģܹһǾһġ
㷴ħɽϵģֲȥֲģ֪ЩҪȥͨ籨ţҶʵȻô׵ľ͸ˡûˡȻˣôĶҪߵİһǿսİ
⡭Ĭһ£Ҷô˵ǳԵˡֻҪԼӦҪȥȥҶʾͻԼҪ֪顣ҪӦȻҲǵòϢˡ
˵ʵ÷ǳ鷳ġ̫ˣҪһ鷳顣ҲܹһӶôĴɽеİɡ
ңؾޱô϶ʲôҪˡԺӵ鷳ˡ˵˼ʧˡ
ǸȥɣԷ̫ҶôĴĵģҶûһ¶ģɵӶ֪εǺ鷳ˡ
ȥȥҾô˵˰ɣηǳ鷳ѣ˵ҪġǲȥĻҲģȿ϶ǵùûǣһӦþ˵İɡ̫󣬿ǲöܵİҶʿڣꡣͬʱҲǿһ£ܹȥ¾ˡ
ҶСӣݵİôҵôô˵ǶսѵİŭˣҶôһ˵ЩëǿǿҶı̬̫ˣľͳΪһƶŵĻӵˡ
˵ôĶ࣬˵ȥǲȥͺˡ˵˰ɣҪһġҶҲ÷ϻֱӾ͸ˡ
ȥôȥ㶼ô˵ˣȱҾû취ˡһܹȥôҧҧ޺޵˵Ҷôһ˵Ҳ֪˷ȥɵˡǰԼ˵ķǳҪȱ˾ͲԵˡһܹҪԡ
ⲻͶôҶǹճһĨ΢Ц֪ڹϹˡ
ʲôһ£ûлع
˵ǵĿ꣬ԭ򡣡ҶʵĽһ䡣
ţȻأһֲõԤУоôͻȻоԼǱˣһġ
ûȻˡĻûҵҶҲǳĹ˵һ㶼ûεġ
ǳǿдǿһģǰһСǸҶʣȻصչ˶ˡ
еĿҶʵǰ˺΢硣


756 ҴӦˣ
ҲǾԼҶʸƭˣġûĴ㶯֣ҪȻͲǴôļ򵥵ˡ
ҪǻҶ˵ĻҺûдĶ֣ҪȻͲôƵľͽ˵ġ
ѾӵˡҲ޻˵ˣѾӦˣʹ꿼ˡҶߵϢȫˣЩһȥѰҵˡ
˵ɣʲôʱߣŭĳҶʺ
ǻҪϢһӡУһ黹Ҫһ£ͬ⻹ǲͬġҶֱӰķŭӵˡ
ΣҪҴӦʲôÿôôô׵ľʹӦҶʲôġողųһĿԼ˵ġ
ȻӦ˵ġºҶʸĴûģȻһԼԼ˵ĸо
ȱŷİ˵ꡣģβȡֵģҪſڵġҶʰԼ̬ŵĺܵͣСš
˵˼ΣŰеĲѹȥĳҶʺš
ȿȣġ㿴ħɽûΣյĶ԰ɡҶЩŤ˵š
ʲôֱһ˵꣬ȻҪҲӦˡﻹҸҶʵ˼·ߵءҶֱһ˵꣬ȻžǴӦǲӦˡ
ħɽûΣգȻͲҪǿ߶ɽŵġȻǿ޶һȥڲɱгģս϶Ǳͬ׵ʿҪǿһЩġⶼһɿµսİҶһԼ뷨˵ˡȻͶ꣬Լ˼ѾǺֱ׵˵ˡͿϲϴӦˡ
Ҫǵǿ㳲һȥԸǻ֪ǹĻıңһ˲Ҷʵ˼⡣һ仰һ仰ӵĸߡ
ûɽ⣬ȻǲҪػˡﵣ²ҳȥҲûõġһȥΪδΪϣⲫһˡҶʼ˵Ҳǹƻģеǿ񶼲ԼˣȻҪҸˡ
ƾʲôƾʲôҵĺ󱲶ҪġΪ࣬ȥƴ껹ǲӦ˵һʵ顣
壬ȻӦΪҶǸӵĹӵ뷨˫ĹϵһЩ͵ˡǱϾǲͬģôΪ˶Էȥء
꣬ϣúõĿһ¡һ⣬ͬҪǿǵˡûûħɽȻ壬϶׵ܵġǣûУҪˡĻǼôĳȻȥǻߣʲôءǸҳħɽôǳȥôأЩ׹ǽѣҶһֱ˵һֱ˵ģҶҲˡԴǿʼϬˡ
һʱ俼һ¡ĬƬ̣꿪˵û̵ĸҶʴ𰸡
ãȻʱȣһʱ仹еġҲҪϢġϣܹһĴ𰸡ҶȻǵͷӦ˵ġ
Ѿɿ˵ģʾҶ˵ĻЩġȻѾԥˣǾǷǳõ顣ңҶҲû˵ҪȻˣǻܹĳȻĵλô
һΣֵôĴĿ겻İɡҪģӦ½İɡ
˺УֻһһƬСĹˮ֮⡣
ҶҲԭϥٵĴָȻûĴģΧһгǱŵĵصǿ߸оǳĿĵˡ
ʱҴңҹ棬ܿľͽҹ䡣˶һвûʲôġ
һʱܿľ͹ȥˣҶǶ̵۾ǣ겢ûг֣һֱǱˮС
һʱ䵽ˡӦǲӦһ׼ȷĻظİɡҶǰ˼վ˺ˮıԵ
Сɽ껺ĴӺˮ̽Դ
˵ĲҪ嶼ˣҲľǲԶˡ국ĿڣΡ
˼ǣҶʵ˴ģûеȵģŲòˡ
ҴӦˡص̾һʵǿĺǶټɡлҪ˵
ϣȥԵ÷ǳĿģѸٵԶȥˡ
һսķӣ֮ǰһֱڴܹӦġôţͷǳıġοȥ֮󣬻ܹżҶһսġ


757 㶼˵һЩʲô
ٶȺܿ죬ʱмеҪټһģһ֤һǳҪʱ̡Ϊԭ򣬽ٶȸӵĿˣֱȸո֪ҶʵݵʱҪˡ
ܿģȥˡǳĿտûһ޸ġҶһ£û
ӣҲ̫ĸоܿľͳ嵽֮ǰŵĵطҶǳĽ
ܿģԶʹ¡¡ǴȺڿٵĽӽܹɵ֪ΪΣҶǶǼĳһ
죬Ҷżǰ档ܹܿˡ
ǰ֮ǰ滹ƭǣʲôҳԶĳԻ
ǣʵ̫ɶˡȻͼʶҵżˡ
У㣬ֻȥιЩ׹ȻΪһԱķݵˡ
˵ʲô㡣Ҵǲǣ

ŴȺ޵ıƽǵĽ̸ҲĴ˹Ҷû뵽ԼħɽеУܹôߵġҶ룬ҪԼȥǸһ˵ܹߴİɡ
Ҿ㣬Ҵ⡣ЩδǱƲѲٻǹġɲҪҴġҶ˼ʱתŵӣǱܵľҶʿ϶Щʲôģ˳ԾҶʡ
ͷİɡҶڨڨһЦû뵽ע⻹ûͱԷʶˣҶǺòεӡ
ӼľӵطǳĿңʱȥټģһЩʵǿޡˣȻħɽȻɽе޶࣬ʸĲ̫ӡ
ˣôһȺޣֻԵ˶࣬ǲ̫ڵӵġվµӡ
ۣǾż񡣹Ȼһ˲ţòõġ
ƨƨˡ㶮Ĺ۵ô
Ƕ̫ڵӹףֻƤࡣҿż񰡣߻֮ɾͿ϶ѽ˭ң˭
Ȼû޳ϵˣôͬжֵĿܣɵӲųԼֵġ
֮Գֻ֣˵˵Ļ̫ûмֵˡ˵ӹףɵƵˡҶʵĳɾͣҶʵʣ˭֪õ϶ô
һȺ޸ȫںĴҶʡ˵ҶʳʲôӵˡңҶȺôĳڣҪҵǳѵġ
ˣˣҰֺģʲôӡЩŭںһɤӡ
ЩСӣԼﶼкһµģȫæſҶʡﻰǿ϶ǲܹԼ˵ˡȫˡ
֮ǰýȥ֪ͨǹµ֪ΪʲôټǹİɡҶǳ⡣Լӻ߻Щôİɡ
֪Ҷʺͽˣǹһ¡һ޿Ҷʣش⡣
ţҶʺͽˡǣ֪֪ٻǹĿġ˵ͷǻǲ̫ӡ
֪ӦǹһҶʣһЩһǿߵķɵİɡڶٴεش
ͳôģûб˳ŴŵȥˮǺġʲô߰ġһҶʵķɣôⲻǵű˵ԼĶôɵӲİ
㶼˵һЩʲôǻŭ޴йġֻðìͷ׼˽ǽȥ֪ͨģһǳڽϵˡ
ٺ١ٺ١ҿҶʱӡֻô˵ǲŻôġҲû˵һҶʵľɵġҲץסϵ㣬ȻǸ˰ˡڨڨЦЦųԶһ£ҶʽһЩˡ
ջûзģ⵱ôĺ󱲵棬Щ˵ڵġҪ֪ԼڼҶʵᣬҶʵʵûںǵǰֵˡ
˼£Ȼ÷ǳƽ֮ǰҶ˵˳ˡǳпϣûƫκεһġ
ҴӦҶʣǻȥġûа취ҪȥȻǻӭģȥҲûʲôġһ֮ǰ˵˳ˡЩ޻ǷֵصģȻڿҶʣǣǵˣͶĻȥˡ
еѹ֣˵֮󡣼ûгӻԾμӵĳ棬ҲûгִҼķԵĳ档е޶ǳĬˣҲ֪Щʲôġ
ЩԾİҶ̾Ϣһ£ѾǾˣǺǲС


758 ĸ국һ£
˵ôôֵܣ˭ܹҵҶǰһжأ
֪Ҳ̫ˡÿҶǰʲôȻʱ˵ԼʲôŵҶǰߵĿԾҪĶġ
ҾҶǰͲһͷˡ㿴ôᣬôǿ󣬻ûڻľͲһͷˡҾȥˡ
ûһôҪ㵱ô

ݵƽ֮ȻҶˡ۵Щֵˡ
ԭǶҪԼİҶΪʲô֮ǰҵķӦôƽˣĬΪİҶʷǳοĵ˵ͷ
һͷĺˡɫģʱû˭עģԾӹһٵˡ
ͻȻ룬ЩСӽҶʵ鵽ǶԻǲԵءŪڵû뵽İ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ҶʵȵЩżˣЩһֱоôܹԼĻģôܹԼһ𡣵ǲܹһֱ۵İİֻҪȥԼϲ
ɵ˰ɡۣЩи絰ôҿһӦģ϶ܹܵҶǰʶʱܹĸҶǰߵˡһͷһм˵ȻٵǰˣҪĸҶʣԸȥҪһʱĻǾʱ
ͷ޵ѣҶӦ˹ˡǰģиƨð˵˵ʱ򣬱˶ѾǵȲ˵ġûãֱȥǰȥģ϶ܹҶʵ²ӡġ
ǣȻ˵֮ǰһжġٶȿ̫ˡ˲ͳ֮ǰޡûǸһ鷳ᡱһȣһ޾ͷɳȥˡ
ҶǰҪȥǵһ֧İɡҶʵߣǳĵĳҶ˵ȥҶʴµ˼ˡôͬţҲǻȥģǳĿġ
һͷɱΧҶʵǰʱ
ãҿҲȽϻģһֱҵߺˡҶʳŽ˵˽һЦݡ
պ仰ıӣоĶҪˡԼƴ˰죬һû˷ѣ͵õ˴ҶҪĻˡ
ҶʲôתͷϢԼǰıӡҶɻûҵʲôˡ
ûϵֻҪҪȥġҶӭҶϲҶʿ˱ЩɥЩĲɵӣſ˵
ĿԭҶʻǻᰮԼġڲɱгģ˵ĺֺڵıӣһЩŤˡҶ죬Ҫ˵дʲôʲôû˵ڡ
ҶЩĵˡͷӣôЩĸоءӸȥǳʲô鷳İɡǱǵڶ֧ԼģҶҲȥú˴ҵ˾鷳ˡ
ˣһԸһˡֵܹһȥվŵô㵲ͬˣǻҪġҶʲòڵˣѵ
õģõġӻعϽһߡƽˣ֪Լʲôӵľɥˣİ
˴ͷˣҶӻԾıˡң˱ȼ֮Ҷ׼һ˵ǣȻųҶʵǰˡһˣҲżˡ
ܿģͱˡҶĹ۲һ£йģȫͬһȥˡԴˣҶʷǳ⡣
ȵȣҡҶѾ׼ֹͣʱһŭ˹ˡ
Ҷѭ˹ȥˮһȫʪ͸ˣһĳëȫϹţǳǱҶһ£ʲô֣ô֮ǰûпˡ
ҲҪҶʳһ£ǿʵ
ǵģҲҪҪȥҪȥСޡ粻֪ʲôĶǳ϶Ŀ˵
ôˮģӣˮİҶ룬ǰʳˡ
ǱӣȻˮˡȾܳģһ룬֪ĸ국һ£Ȼ˦ɵˮȥˡһëʪ͸ˣصҪҺòˣǶҪˡͷӷǳŭĺ𵽣ȻǶ֮ǰʹеķǳĲ
ʪ͸˵ıӣûпվȺͬһͷӡڰյġͷôһ˵


759 ǿ
鱾Ͳ̫ڵʵģȻǲܹ̫õˡ쵶ն飬ʱõѡˡһʱ䣬ҶٵΣվҪĶˡ
ΪԼ˵жѾǱ˵ġԷ϶ǻ׼Ӵġϲҵġ˵źǺ档ãԵĺã˯ĺá
ҪȥİܵԽ࣬ȥ֮鷳Խġ
ˣȻѾǾˣѾ׼˵ġǾͲõˣҺƺƵľˡ
ҶԶ̫ĶѾǻظ˵ġЩһֱħɽдŵģѵû׼˵ô
һȺ˺޺ƺƵĿħɽķΧҶʴǷǰ棬ȻʵһߵġΪ΢һȻǹĿһġγһǡ
ҶʲֹһεתսѣǸпˡȷʵǺöİһ˵дҪȫӦ˵ġģ֮£ǻһЩܾ߰ġһûˬġ
ǣľӵôҶ֪ǵġĻӶһЩǵһЩˡмΪ忼ǵģģԼСҵİɡ
Ҳ˵ǵ˼һЩֻܹ˵ǵĻûôĶˡһεΣտܻΣȺģûôĶֱ࣬Ӿǰˡ
ʲôΪܵİȻӦҪˡҵĶǾ;Բӱġ겻֪ҶʵЩʲôֻǿҶʲʱĻͷл߶߶һЩܵΪҶġԣЩ˵ģ˵衣
еʱĳŵıĳŵӵĿ׵ġӦ˵飬һƴȥɵġľͲͬˣҶʶ֪ԼٴεĳŵˡˣĶЦˡЩʱóŵЦġ
УġڿûеӵĺòáҶʵȻԼ˵ġǶԼ˵ӵģҶʻûôɵġ
ǰֻ̽·ǽӽ켶Ϊٶȷɿ졣ң۾ǳ̽·Ǻʲˡ
ЩʱҶ붼ûʹӦ˵ġҵרҶֲȫܵġֵܹԼѹĴڳˣҶʷǳľͰһֵĹ˳ȥˡ
Ҷǰ档ǰսǵľַˡǰǳİȫûʲôһֱٵ۷˻һֻɫһ˲͵Ҷǵǰ
Ҷͣ̽ĽΪҶͣȺҲͣǺ˶꣬ѵصĲһġ
ãǼ̽飬ǾսǵĸҶһ֣ѸٵԶȥˡ
սǵľַǹ˵ġ˵սСƨڴҿʼ֮ǰӦйֵĲȻҲſʼġ
ǰûʲô⾲ϸ룬ԽԽ⡣ȻǾ˵ˡȻܹսЩֵģȻͲʲô򵥵ĲˡҲûʲôʲôȷȻȾطһҵˡ
սѾȥˣطûʲôرġĵصԨһӵġһƬڣʯطȫˡ
ǶЩȷǲطˡ⻹һֻԷλӦǳĽӾƶϳˡӦǴ˵ģΪս̫ˡţԼԷλĸӦôƫġ
طûʲôصĵطġҶǷſȫʶʲôûиӦûзһ˿
ԾصˡӲʯӲǱЩӸŪȻһˡѵҸھ˵ġ
ΨһֵģֻһߵǸĺˡսǵľɵأսǵʱŪġˮΧʯûĵطѿصԨ
ԣĺǸ߸ߵ͹˵ģԭˮƽϡ
ս̫ˣҲûзʲôԵġңһŪӣҲǽӽĵص׵ˡ룬ҶʻǾˡ
ĴǮĺǲôҵ˰
ʹǽеһĿܶûеˡȻһʼûб̫ϣǴһҪһξҵİһҶЩεˡ


760 ʲôط
ص׵ԵǱȸո뿪ɽʱҪŨöˡҲ˵ԷǿǼֻЩ
ȻԴҵûʲôӰ죬ܹѿеԪŪķǳϡģ൱ҵսˡ
һ㣬û˵ǴҶܹĸӦġʱǳĽȣȴһաֻ֪һ󻷾֮£ȴûи
ûа취ֻԼ취ˡûҲֻԼȥѰˡҶ룬Ҳֻмǵ̺ʽı취ˡ
һһ飬սѻĴ䡣첻飬ȥġĶ̴ȥһԶԵʱϣսǵľɵΪģԶɢ
ÿһ鶼һֻ档ڿУҪԶһЩĶҲܹһЩʲô鷳ܹʱԤġ˴鷳ٶҲܹӳܹѸٵȥѰԮġ
Ҷǲûһ·Ƿֿˡʱ򣬲ʲô⻯ġսػǸҶʵߣһ㣬Ҷûʲô顣۷ʿǺܶģҶҲûʲô˵ġ
˶뿪ˣԼһѡһͬġ
Ҷһһ¸ԼʣķҶ뵱ཻĵط֪Щǹģġ
ҶͻȻ뵽磬֪ˮôˡ᲻Ҳͬû޾İ׹ж
Ҷʵķֻһ˲顣Լ鷳ˣʱȥܱ˵ء
߰ɣҲˡҶʱŰ˿һԾǰ˳ȥ
սҲϽĸϣȻٶȿ죬ʶϸĸӦΧе̺ʽҶ൱Ǵµ̽һ飬Ȼսϸٴ̽顣
ҶǵĽǱҶŻסġһֱҶʵߣҶҲôġҪҶʵĽǳΣܹҶʵǰֵİɡãá
ҶǰܾǸӡٵĸҶʵĲڣЩȷ˵
Ϊʲôô˵Ҷһ£ȴû˿ķŻġ
֪һָоǾǺӡҲ˵һȻӣǰԼĸо˵ˡ
Ӧòɡ֮ǰսһֱǸλõģҲ֪ˡֱ˳˽ȥҸһͨγǸӣսǲűȵλ˵ġôˣҲû˵սʲôԾİҶ룬ò̫ܵӡȻܹԼ˵Щ֤ǶεĵġҶҲ͸һ飬ǻر
Ҳԣսܾˡ֪ʲô¾Ѿǽˡ룬Ȼͬĵ˵ͷлûԵɵľЩӣûмˡ
Ҳ˵͹ĺ⡣ĵϣвٵ͹ӵġǰĴصһ֡ڵΧһж̮˵ģֻôһ飬ӡ
һЩһЩˡεĴѱû֪Ϊʲôһ˭֪Ϊʲôûȥء
ҶǰٶȺܿ죬õ̽鲻ϸġΪһӵֹ࣬ˣҲܹ©ġ
һ·һģʲô쳣Ķûзֻ֡ײһЩʵİ׹ǰҶóֵģǳĲáԾԾԵʱҶѾǷǳٵĽˡȫжһһˣȻĥ˹Ƿۡ
˴ҴˣҶӣ˭ʱȥŭҶʵüͷء
ţҶͻȻһԵޱȵɻ
ôˣ˿Ҷʸ§ڻУȻҲ˵ġ
ЩֵĶҶʲȷոһϢһŵģҶʶΪǴ
ͣҶʿڴһһķΧûɢȥ
ʵҶ˵֮ǰҶʾѾǼ˵ġȻҲǿٵͣ
ôҶʣʲôôսٵĿȻ󿪿ʵ
ţвһϢ֪̫΢Сˣʱ̫ˣͻȻʧˡҶʿٵĽһ¡⸽һңСһЩϸһЩ
һȺ˺ȻɢϸĸӦΧÿһءȻҶʶô˵ˣǿ϶ˡҶҶһäĿĳˡ


761 ҳ
ҶʸӦһĲصԵǷǳԵġ
һƵĲʧ̫ˣҶʶϷȻûˡ
ȻܹӦΧвһϢǾҲĿˡϸѰңܹҵġ
ҶʣһЩֵĺۼսϸѰңҵһЩֵĶˡ
ҶʸϽսķ˹ȥսڵϣŵϵһۡǺۼһָӣȷʵһֲͬϢɢϢѾ΢ˣҪ˶þǻʧˡ
ϢѾǺܵˣԷʲôҶʸոոʱϢȫʧˡ֮ǰҶʸӦһϢʧһġ
ǵϵһƺۼӦǴġӣӦ棬ȻЧġ
Ҷʣߣ߷쳣ҲǳҶʴҶʿٵĳ˹ȥ
ϣһĽӡӡǣӦòġ̫ˣսĴͷ涼ǿԵˡӡıԵƣһЩϢҶһʱûзֱ
Ҷʣߣжѵıһߣͬ޷쳣ٻҶʡ
Ҷһ㶣бôİ׹û˭бİ
бģҶֻһΡǾϴס˸ǵǴΡ˸ǰλεıڵĵص׶ܹĹâġϹҶʵ۾
Ҳ˵ǶǷǳġҶʵһϽĳ˹ȥ
һѶѵĳǹֻаǹͷĲλͲ˵ϡǹҫŵɫĹâϢڲϵľġ
ǹϾѾǶ˵ģĵòˡҶǸʱ򣬹âǰ˺ܶġ
ϢҶʷǳϤˣǹԵԪĹϵеԪǹ֮ǰӦһ˵ġǲ֪Ϊζ
ǣⲻص㡣ǲ֪ǲǰ׹ҪǵĻЦͿˡһܹǿԼսԼı˿µս˭ܹѱǿߵ۶ϵء
ĵطһЩķ֡ȫһЩ˵ıкܶĹ֡ԪģֻһѶ˵ĳǹ
ҶԪô˵Ĺ죬ҵԪһѵеĸǿսЩɻСĵĸӦǳǹϵֵԪǶûоһȻ
սʳģǴҶҪʵġʱһĶҶʣڴҶܹһ𰸡
ⲻǰ׹һߵġԪпãϸǳǹΧҶǹעһЩԪǹԵԪż˳ǹΧԵԪӴٵ˱˴ˡϢ䣬ԵԪʧˡʧͬĶġطŨϢû˷֡
ϢѾʧĹԪҶٴοڡ
ϢȥǸ磿綼ԪôԴ˷ǳĺ档Ҷ΢絽ȥˣýǳġ
ڽ˼粻ʲôҶ˼磬ȥ磬ͬ磬硣
ֻԪֻеһ֣ȫһġǲ֪ǲǰ׹ıҪĻ鷳ʹˡҶЩǣı綼ǲġһ׹УǱȻȥ˵ʹġǰܹıȻǿˡ󱻸ǱȻӵǿ
Ȼ֪Ҷ˵鷳ʲô˼ǴҶǶҶʵĻŲɵģ϶ʲô鷳鱻Ҹˡ
Ҷ˼䣬һڹٵĽӽڹ̫ŨˣڵĻУܹһ۾Ϳġ
ҶʴһΧеˡ˿ҲǱҶʸ׷˳ȥˡ
ϡһ죬Ҷһưڹķˡ¡һ˴֮ϡ
Ҷ⿴һۣһѴĳŰһںڷڰϢոѽӦþǳԼġҶʸһƴ˳ȥ
ʲôװŪҳҶüȻûиӦ˵ϢǷǳĲİ
֪ԷǻԶǾΧ
һ֣ҶʶСĽĶԴϸĸӦΧÿһռ䡣һǳĲǾֹ̳


762 һô
ΧĵģʲôûзһġҶʵȻΪǴϵġڴ󽣹һ˲䣬ǿ߿϶ѾǱйˣǲ֪ʲôεİ취
ҶʵĺȻûеõκεĻشġҶҲ⣬Ҫ͵Ϯ˻شˣҶʲŻˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷ͵һְǲһԵڴ󽣡ǰ˳ȥٶ̫죬ĦſȻһӵĻǡ
ϡһ죬˵ϡ
ȣҶûлع֪Ҷôʲô⡣ǺܿľˣһӰεĶ˵ϡʱھҵҪѳ
Ҷϸһ£Ȼ˲˹ˡһڰϵʹȻ˵ڰԪȫͬĻڰϵ黹ǿ˵ˮġ
֮ǰʹΧһУԼϢȫ֮ںһ𡣾ȻӹҶʵģҶʲһˡ
ҪǶԷڹڿҶʵʱҪԼϢ¶˳Ҷ˲䲶׽һƲһϢûа취ѶԷҳˡԷ츳Ļ£̫ǿˡ
һΪʲôԭǺڰϵʹôţ̲סˣҪʱҶôǺ̵İĲ㱻ǸˡҶʿԷʱ򣬺Եһµġ
ҶЩŭԷȻʱԼ̫֡һ㡣Ҫ֪ôҵ£ÿһǲܹʧս
Ҷ˵ԼǲܹˡԷæˣѡԹ۵ģҶҲ˵ʲôġû뵽ԷȻôһ
ˣˡڰʹҶˣܵЩµġææĽš
˵ɣ˶ˡȫһϰɡô͵ϮûһôġֱվһӵġҶʲôˡ
ѺɫĴ󽣣Ҳ֪ǸŶôԶԼˡѵûȣȻһǳԼɹˣ
˲ˡûҪɱġҶʰɣʶġôܻɱءڰʹ󼱣Ҷ¶һЩʵҪȡҶʵεġ
˲ˣ㻹ʶңһôҶʸӵķŭˣʶԼ˳˵ˡ󻹸һȺˣƻһһİ
ҶԼ˵֮ûиڰʹ˵ʱ䣬ɽǰһţĲ˺ڰʹĶϡзִ磬ȻӶҪڰʹõˡ
ڰʹһʹĴУûʹιȥҶˣҲʲô˶ܹܵİ
ݡݡƿмӰڿٵĽӽɢģɢɫĹâġӰڵĵص磬ԵǷǳҫ۵ġ
ǰʲôˣſǵͬ顣ȻȻǲˡǱڰʹĲҽġޱȵңΪͬ鱻۸ˡ
ʵҲΪͬ鱾ѾǱҶʸ۸˵ġ
вٵ˰ҽһôͬ顣黹ֹǺڰһϵİϵʹΪʱɱңҶûǺתָǺڰʹһš
ҪڰʹһֱϣڿҶٴԼĴʱ򡣺ڰʹѾòˡʶҶʣ֪һǷˣжôĿ¡ЩزϼһûҶʵĶֵġ־̫ǿˣҶٴϵʱһȻҵĺʹ
⿪ڻһЩҶʳŵͬʱǺʹѾǹ˵ġ
ҫʹȡһͬɫĴ󹭣ǰһҶ˳
ļˣҲʾеĶеĳìеĶ˳ǹǹ볤ìǵԪļӳ£ҶʿٵĳǼ硣
Ҷʶ㶼ûж㣬Ĺ۾ġҶʶûжԪ
ԷȻɵ㶵ûȥܵģʹǶЦˡôǣֱѰ·ˡ
ܿģǵЦݾˡ
ɫķٶȿ죬Ҷʵٶȸ졣һָֻ֣һ飬˿紵Ҷʵ½
֮ɹĳǹìʲôġҶһ̣·һļ򵥣˲ͱҶʸ˻С
ֱһһ𡣸ոձҶʸסĳǹìԸӿٶȥ
һĲҽУеʹ˳򡣱ҶʸȻصĶ˵ϡ


763 ᣡ
ǰһʹڹۿҪжԷˡһת۵Ĺ򣬶Էתˣǰȹһȫˡ
ֻһϵʹзšҶʲҪҲ˵Ҷʴƫˡûˡϵʹֱ˷۳˼ģҶʸŪˡ
ʹȫ˵ϣŲϵġҶֱӰǵĳ򶼸͸ˣһʱûа취ġ
Ҷ۾ڵ飬ȻʲôġϵʹͷģҶʵЩġ
ܿģҶʾͷ˳ֵĶˡһѶ˵ĳǹ֮ǰġڲԶĵطţҶʲ̫ԶҶ룬ҡڵľ͹ȥˡûԷ᲻ˣҶȫ˶Է
ʱǺڰϵʹҲǻعˡ̫ˣһգ۵ĹҶʾͰ֧Ԯͬȫŵ˵ġ
ɵưҶʡҹʲôڰʹ󺰵Щͷۡ
ڰʹôһЩĻĵķϵʹȫһ㶡ȻҪˡ㻹ɵơҪɵƵȥҶʣҶʷŵ㣬ȻٴеΪ˵ˣ˭ĻԱ˳ŵȥҶʵġ
ҶʰҶʰУ˭û˵Ҷʵֵءڵ磬ҶʵЩָӵƵֵˡ
Ҷʴ磬ᣬᡣ飬鰡ԷôǿڼԼͬô˵ˡϵʹģɲҪȻ󱻶ڵϵˡ
үǺֵİʲô˵͸һģȻҪˣǾϳˣġԴ¿߹ôģҶʷǳĲֵ˵ͬʱһѳ˲ڵϵİسǹȻѾˣҪһʹĳûʲôİɡ
û¿ӣʹǶûм֪Ҷ˵¿ʲô仰Ե˵Ļȴûʹҷġȷʵǲ׵ĹȵģҪٴ̼Ҷһ£֪ɳЩʲô
ҶˣҶʵŪ˾֪ˡǴ˵еҶʣû˭˵Ƣжõġ۾οǡ
Ҷʶ˶֣ܶԷĿģǷϵʹϲУҶеİسǹΪԷˣϵĲҶʿ׼һŶȥġ
سìһõ⣬Ƿϵʹȥ
ϵʹʧɫϵȶһԳڿı任ŷλǻûа취ܿǳìǳ۾һôı䷽򣬶Էʼܹϵġ
ϡһõİ׹ͬʱĻǿֲ˼µķϢ
׹һգû
ǳǹҪǷϵʹʱ򣬱׹ⱻһΪˡ׹ƿ˳ǹȥƲҶʷ
ҶڿҪеһɲǣԾһλ׼ʱ̧صǰ׹ȥ
һĽУصİ׹⣬ҶʸȽ˵֮¡
Ҷ۹ƣɨһۡȻ˲׸ոʲôˡˡ
̤ŵһҫɫĹâ񽣡ǹâɢΧĺڰҲǱˣ˸оʥࡣʥУϢ
ҶҪˣ⻹һ۵İһ˼Сģϵġ
ҶʱԹʱ䣬ҶָопֲϢڿٵĿѸٵһһٰʮȵתҶʵ˹Ѹٵ˵֮£Բӡ
䡭ҶΪģΧһȦìҶʴ˹
ҶʿСĬţȻıһȦì
ϡһҫ۵Ҷʳ˹ˮϵԪڡ
Ҷһǹ񽣣񽣲ܿƵ˳ȥ˲ײ⣬Զɳ
ԶһƺߵȻǱҶʸǹϵˡ
Ҷʲ붼֪϶ǹˡ
ŵʹǽҵû˵ķϵʹɵˡ飬ԽԽˡԭҪİ
ˮйǸϽĸҹҶʱŭ֮ǰе㽻ġⷭͲˡˮҶʿ˵ǰСæġ
Լ֮ǰٯٯģŶõĹ򣬾Ȼ͸ҶˡҶŭգҪɱ˵ˡ
ҶҶҶʣҶôһɤӣȥԶ֮ǰķĬƬ̣Ȼ˲ȷ


764 ᣡ
ԷѾԼȻ󹥻ˣھȻ˵ʶԼҶʻôȻŵˡҶʻô׵ԭ¶ԷôҲİ
ԷС˵Ƕ𱨣Լ˵Ǿȹǵİ
ϻСү˭Сүңһ˿¶Ǻɱ˰ɡҶʴŭⶼˣġôģ˰ǿɱңողǸɵġ
߰ɡǹȥԶȥֹ˵һӣȻˮ񿪿ڴߴ١
ƿԶмǿϢٵıƽɫͬĹâۺһ𣬿ǳѤǼˡ
ҶʣּˡþòˡˮԼҶʵĽ鲻ȿڴӲľ档
ǰҶʡһʱûˡΪ˲ٵӰҲӲͷƤҶʴкҶһֱ֣ڻ΢΢Ĳ֮ǰҶʵһ·ʱùЩܲ˵ӡ
Ҷʡ

ҶһֱûʲôʾֻǺ侲Щ˵ڨǰĹϵ
ˣǰҿҪİɡû뵽Ĺôǿ󰡡Ҫɱ˵İҪҸųԵİˮҪңͲҪ֮ǰҿʽ㿴һصıҶһţǳĲӡʲôءȿľ㣬񽣱Ҳȹ֪еһѡ
Ҷʱ򣬹Ͻİ񽣸ˡҶʸˡ
ᣬᡣǴûôġΪæġǳΣǳĲ˼Ҷ˵ĺ
ңǲҾǲˡôæôһ͸˼ºݵġҪ㹻ǿľͱǸŪˡҲǶϽߣ뿴ǡҶôģǳĲġ
ԣϽߡһȺ˳ô׵ôȻ͸ԳˡҪѧǳԭʹӵİ֮ǰΪôģڿҲ˵ôҶʵԲзۣҶʲˣҶԵǺܷŭġ
ҲǳķŭݼڡɡǶһǳĲġ
ԣûﲻӭ㡣Ȼ뵽Ҫ˺ҶʣҲҪǴӦӦġΪҶߵıȽϽһеĵλҲǸˮǴڽһ˵Ȼкܶĸ͵ġ
ߣҶʲô˲ġʲôǺĺ㡣㻹ɫôģǷôߡҲʲôƢ
ȻҶʵʵ죬ڸղ£ΪԼѾǹˡû뵽ҶʻץŲŵģƢҲˡ
Ӵǣ˵ĻˡǱȻȻҶһ㶣ӵĲˡԷȶֵģȻ˵ԼĲǡ
ҪҸȻٸǸӦǲӦġ
ˣǶ˵䡣ˮԽԽ鷳ˣòٴεĿˡҶе㽻飬ʱ˵ʲġǵæġһûһ˿ˮ֮֡ǰ֮ԻֹΪǵĲҽеΪʲô鷳ҾãӦúúõ̸̸ҶһᣬҪ⿪һµġ
ˮ˵̬ǼٻӡҶеķŭһ㣬ȻͷӦˮҪ
УΪʹԭʬ屣ġһ㶼ֱӻ˶ӦĴԵԪʧ˿ˡ
ֺֻǿʹаʬ屣ĿԵġкڰʹһԲõĻʲôʬġЩǶԸЩרҡ
ˣ˴ؾޱ䣬ȻĻ仯ܴ󡣵ǲûзʲô׹﹥ǵġЩЩڰʹĹͣʹԭ
ǣʱע˼ı仯ǡܿľͷ˼ı仯֪ˣ˼һˣһ϶ġΪһ˵ġ
ˮҪҶʣ෽ߣϵȰ˵ϵǽˡȺԣ˺ܾ֮ǴӦԮ˼ˡ
˺ܾõˡҲһЩս֮ǰҶǸӦֵģͬϢ
֮ԻṥҶʣҲȫΪǺڰʹûаҶǸȻڵεĳֵˡ


765 Ĵ
һᣬһᡣֻ˵˫񾭶̫ˣŻһֵ紵ݶͱܵΪΣյˡ
ôһ˵ǰ˵ķǳԵˡҶҲ֪ԼЩͻˣǴܹҶʵϵġһҶͬķӳİɡȻһǰģǾǶԷҪҶĻģʲôûС
ҶʲܵǸҲǸԷԼæģȻһʼжϴŪһЩ顣ǾΪԼǰæģҲҪǸġ
ǣΪ̫ҶʵˣҶ˵һ仰ҲûʲôģǲǸġ
棬ˡȻѾǺײˣΪûã˫һΡ
ˮôĶԣȥĻҿ˵ûн⿪ˡ
ȹʲôˮ룬ѹƳȥڹˡ
ʲôңǷҲúܿôһ㶣Ȼ˲عڹܹұİᱻҶСǺϵİȻͰǷƳˡ
ʲôңһ㶣Ȼ󿴵ҶͷˡһͷĺߡðɣȹġҲûпΪǵϮСҿ˵ûпǸŹʲôءĶҲİ
ͬ뷨ͬǲ㱳ڹġת˼£ȻƳˡ
ʲô¡˵סȻˮ񹥻ôһ㶣û뵽ܹƵԼǾԩԩ˭ֲԼͷİ
Ŷԭ㡣ֲôżİǸƳȥģԭץİ⻰ֳصˮˡһڵǳ⡣ˮŮģҶвĹϵˮڹٺòˡ
ҡҡҡԣңǡԣǡˮҲǼˣԼȿڵģô⻹תԼˡתתģ˻Ҷʶڵϵļʹ
ˮͷȻ־ǰָ˹ȥˡѾùˣҲٱһڹˣûʲôûʲôˡ
ԣǡڵϵļʹˣͬ˵ȻˢˢĿǺڰϵʹ㣬ĴȹͲᷢҽУȻǾͲҽСҽУͲǲͲҶʹͲͲ֮ᡣ
һȺʹͷԣʱǸˣҶĿɿڴġʵǵİ̫вˣӦ̫һ˰ɡ
˺ˣԭˡ˴ˡϷҶʱĿڣԼһ̨ףҲԷһ̨ȥˡ
һùôԷȻܹôľãҶЩǵˡ
Ҷʣ˼ҵˡ˼ҿһİղȻ˼ңҵܡˮҶʴӦˣҲǳһڰ뿪ЦĳҶ˵
Ҷʣ˭ʲôϵҶʻû˵һֱߵİ˿˵ˡڷǳĳ壬ǳĲƣŵζ
ҶһôһˡȻˮûʲôģǱϾˮЩˡҶкûеף͵鱻׽ڴһġһ͸ˡ
Ҷʣ˭Ҷʵ飬˿Щţһ˿ˡҶʲŶ²ãֳһҶʲ岻Ůӡð˿ôܹżء
ޣްӵģҪҡҶʼˣŮӿˡָ˿ᣬԽԽˡ
ͬʱΧһЩĶԱҶʵЩ˵ˣһĿоʲôһġ
ҶϲźǰûԱߡȻĻ֪׻᲻ᷢˡ
Ҷʣ˭˼һĵ㣬ɵɵ㡣һ˼磬Ŷþҵһ»ˡˮҲҶʺ޺޵˵ҶҲֱ治⻰ٵˡ
ˣ㲻Ҫˡʶ˿ˣǰҲŵε֮󣬾ɻġҶʸоͷˣʱҪס˿ſԣɲܹð˿ѹġ
ôô졣˵֪ͨЩһ¡ףҸˮЩ䣬Ҷʱûз֡Ƿˣû˵ʲôֻĿˮҶʻǰ˿һۡ
ԵְⶼԵְɶ˵ˡ


766 ǿˣ
Ҷʺһİο˿ǲ޵ˡİ˿ûж룬ֻ֮ǰˮҶ˵ԵùڵܣѹġҶʵһοð˿뿪˵ġ
ˣȻæģǶ˵°ɡҶʼ˴ҶԼһʱûΪʲôϽİѻˡǸո򣬻˵ЩͬѰġ
Ҷʶһ㻹ǷǳĵģԼֽ֮󣬲ŵõµķΧġǿԷӣȻѰ˺ܾõˡͷǳˣԷô֪ء
ڰһֶкǿĸӦǺڰһĸǣҪҵĿ꣬ġˮ񵭵Ļش䵭˲١
Ҷһ㶣Щϰߵˡ֮ǰˮˮڵˮͻȻһˡҶʲûж˵ʲô˿һߣҪð˿ѹ˾ͷǳĲõˡˮ񲻲Լ֣òˡ
ڰһģѾûôŪءڶĺڰ֮ҲǴϤǸڰ֮񣬲ҲǱŪôҶһ㶣ڰһǿҵĸӦ˵ĹȥҲܹ⡣
ڰֹ֮ģԷϢͬǴž˸Ϣ߻ħġ
ǾҶ˵ڰһѾûʲôǿ˵ġôܹӦҪҵĶء
˼ǲǱЩǿ˾ûǿˣͬŵʵġһЩǿߣһֱǱšˮ˵˳
ô˵ǻкڰϵϹŶˣҶʶˮǲӦģ˵̫ˡԷ˼ĺȷģ˼һǴͬɲġ
ǵġ㲻õġŪĺڰ֮˵ֻһЩϲ̨ˡһЩСͬǿߵģֻȳֽˡˮȻҲҪҶԺģӲĸ𰸡
ʵЩǿߣˮͬǲô˽ġֻͻȻˣһЩ顣ЩǿߣʲôҪ֡һֱǱš
ʲôһķûУҶЩڴԷôˣ϶ǰߵÿһ綼ҹˡкڰϵʹУҶǸӵľȷû취˴שҵİ
ΪĵطҶǶѾˡûжԷĿףҲ̫׵ӡҲ˵ҶǶ϶طһЩʲôģһߵˡ
ûУǰ߷˼ˡеİ׹ﶼˡеĶǸˡǻûҵǻɣӦǰҲѹ˵򡣡ˮûٴοڵȤˣ񿪿ڸҶʽˡ
ȻûкڰϵʹЩϢ񡣵ǵʶͬǲģĵ̺ʽܻʲô©ġҶ붼û룬Ϳڷˡ
ȷʵԷкڰϵʹⷽһЩƵġҶЩˣһߵءǸеǿߣȻǲʸվġ
һܻΪⰡʲôģһЩѲϵäҶظʵѲ顣ǰѲһ飬ŵҲѲڶ飬û©ġ
˵Ҷ˵ĻҲǷǳֱ׳ģǷǳеġƣͬǲġ
ⲻ˵ǲСҲȷʵǿܳʲô©ġ񿴳ҶдģҲûҶӲҪϷֳһߵ͡Ѿصļ˵ģҪǰҪǲģҲǼ򸴲һ顣
ҲãǾͽһ顣ȸǣǰһЩǵͬ飬ǿ˲ŹҪֳʲôЦҶʵͷӦˣʱҲԷһģʱɵĶ飬ҪټĻǻӵ쵼ˡ
Ҷ뵽Լ֮ǰһ䡣ҪôһΡҶʾͲ֪ĳԼߵĳˡʱ򣬲һһ鷳¡һЩҪ˵ġ
֪ˣ֮ǰû뵽ѾˡѾˣȻǻСһЩˡȶЩΣǰһȺֳһЦ
ңӵεǡôֵĹȻûκεҶʣҶ½ǶûбеġȻûҪҶôġ


767 һû˵꣡
Ȼ˵ЩӦԷ뷨Ҷǻ˶ԷשҵļεķҵġȻѾô˵ˣǷǳ̽һ飬Ȼʲôûзֵġ
ֻĽĵطһƬԵøӵĿˡת黹˼飬кܶ඼СҶʻ˼֮ǰˡ
ҶʲûнȥĴ㡣һʲôڡطΪԭռıԵص˲űġһȿһеаĶ
һС͵ľۼˡˮǹܲص̽طġѾǴŹЩһεˣҶʲҪȥǵڶΡһʱ䣬ÿһ鶼뵱ĴˡҶʲȥʲôŵϢ
ҶǸԶϢˡǱе˵ġ
ι㷢ʲôɻ
Һ񿴵Ǹˣ
ĸˣҶʣ
ǵġһͲˡ
ЩʲôҶ߲ģ㲻ˣ
ˡĺҶʵİ
ҶԼ򣬿ٵķˡҪȡϢ·ˮǣȫһ⡣
ܿģҶǾͷˣǴĺԵ֮ͣǰԼ˵ģûʲôֻ֣ҪǰԼķΧˣＯϡҽһ鱨Ȼھʲô顣
ܿģɢ˵Ķ鶼۷ˡÿһӵĶûʲôջɫ̫ÿ
ΪΧİ׹ˣֻҪˣܴСģȫĥˡ
Щˮǣ֮ǰҶʵǴײˮСһЩĵĽһ£ûзʲôͻ
Ļд󲿷˶ûпġҶҲʱһ£ϵʱʲô鷳鷢ġ
Ҷʣ˵㡣ʲôսҶʶ˵ҶʵĲǡ
ΪսǶûмģȻǶʹЩġҪһ˼ʲôͬ
ʲôȹǵġ˵ˣǶǶôϤ֪ǵ磬ҲͬϤǵ硣Ҫһ˵ﲻʲôæֳһЩЦġҶ֪սʲôֱӿڰԼ뷨˵ˡ
ҶСôȷʵҶʱǳСҶʵСǻֳϰʲôġôĲʶġĿǹģûԷġأԷҲôġ
ԷԱ˴˶ǳϤģǱ˴˵ʹսʱҲ֪ʲôʱֿԷǳõ϶ԷġҶʱʱ򣬶Էĺϻİ취ġ
һԼ˼ȥˡ˵ͻᱻϤǵ˸ƵġﲻһæϺ˵ġ
Ҷʼ˽ȥҶʶ֪ʲôʱʵġסԼķӵˡ
Ҷʣս˼ˮɲֹһ˵ˮǳƯ˵ġ㲻ϵգ۾Ǹһû˵оǣԷһ£ÿһӶһڰϵʹӵɣӵϸҶʸûӴᵽս˼ò˵
ûп˿ɫԽԽѿˣһֱ˵ҶʾЩˣ˿֮ǰһΣԼοһλáǸо˰׵ĿǲεԼˣϵԼص
ֱӵİԼ뷨˵ˣһɼġҶʿҪˣÿ֪ڵİ׵ɫǺܲÿġҶбɱ˵ĳ嶯
ˮƯƯǰ˿ӵƯ˵ˣ˵£㳶ЩеûеĸʲôءҶʲϵĸɫʾҪ˵ˡ
԰ûҶʵ˼ҪǱع˵һѸһߣס͡
ҿҶ˵ĲԷϤԷĹֶʲôӵģҲǲ֪ġҪһһڰϵʹ𲻵ʲôõġ˵Լ˵ġѵõҶʵ˼һΡһһҵ˵ġ
Ҷһֱغݺݵһڵĳ嶯˵ġ
ˣԼѲ鼸ΣʵڲУԷǽλѲ顣Ҷʿ˴ҵעȻ󿪿˵
˵֮ҶҲ˵ǷĻᡣѡһطֱӾͳ˳ȥ


768 ˵ʲô
ҶֽεķλͬĽʲôûҵġ
ֵǣˮǣѾСķΧˣΧĵײػص̽飬Ҳ֪Ҹʲô
ǸӦþˮ˰ɡֶصϣӸλˣǲеġսǾվڱԵش·æµŵʹֹҵš
㻹˵ͦƯġˣһһĴŮ˰һֱΪֻôƯġû뵽ʹҲôķ۵İ棬֮ǰŵʱܹǱҶᵽ֪ٴ˵ˮȻǷǳĵˡ
ǣҲ룬ҶʹҹŮԣܲôϸ룬ʶҶʿʼҶײ𻨵ġҶ飬Ȼǰ˿ˮһƯءҶʵ۹⣬û˵ġսҲˣۡǹҶʵ飬Щ˾ǷǳĸȤˡ
˵Ҷ顣Ҳ֪ʲôطȥˡ֮ǰҶʸòˡһȥûκεϢˡؾޱ䣬֪ڲ䡣˵Ҷ飬Ҳǲ۵ġ֮ǰΪҶ·ҶϤģû뵽ȻҶʸƭ˵ġ
֪һֱûҶϢˡӦûڵİɡǵ϶ȻǶǵһָƵˡӦΪҶȤҲΪְλ֮ҶϢġǿ֪ģʲôûд̽ԣ˵Щôȷ
ҶֻŮֲʲôǿߡǰɲ㳤ƯǲƯġƽȵˡ֪ҶʲôΪûСǻˣʲôط
ֹģʲôءҶע⵽ˡĽ˼䣬ԭصϢһ£ȻҶʾʹչˡ
ͻȻҶʵʵǰǼһ˵Ҷйصģûзſ˵Ϊ˶Ҷʵġû뵽ҶԼôĹˡ
ûʲôûʲôǿһˮ񡣡һʱеתӣ뵽ĶֱӾ͸˵ˡҶʵɫʼ仯ˡϽ͸Ŀˡڿһֱ⸽ػص̽飬ǷʲôѵԴͷľ棿
ǰǰȫˣ˶ط̽ˡѵսҲǸϽĿڻӦ˵ǡ
ҶԼ˹ظϽĵͷšʾԼǳͬ˵Ĺ۵㡣
ҶʹϵĲ׷֮ǰĶԻˡʵʣҶʶ֪˵ġȻ˵СҲûпԵĶҶʡҶע⵽֮󣬺ȻǵĶԻ˵ġ
ҲôˡͷӬһڵĶӦò޵ķʸİɡսСĿ˵һ߹۲ҶʵɫҶûвİʲôġҪȥʣ
ǲôСģˮǺƯֲʲôˮޡֻҪǲŰ˿밬׵˵ǾûʲôġҶʿǵúǺЦӡûк˵
Ҷô˵꣬ûеõԤеĸ͵Ҷʾøӵֵˡ
ôˣող˵ƫҪ˵ġԻֲ˵ˡҶʾ֣һôĴֹڸʲôء
Ҷʣ˵ʲôءʲôܹҵ棬ҵĸ˵ءһεεҶʵޱȵöҶȴһ㶼öĴһ
ڸ˵Ҫǵ˵ε鷳ǴҶ֪ˡͲҪŵˡҶʽӲתһεĶŰ˿˵
˵ץһеˡҶʻû˵һЩӵĹֵĻȻĻٲҪһĿġ
ԣո˵Ĳʲôˮʲôôҿһġ˿ޱȵᣬֱӾʹҶʵĻѻ
˵˵˵ˮǺǷʲôҪȥʡԵģǡҶƴĸɫ
ԶԶԣҶʾ˵ҪȥʵġΣ൱ϡԼĸıһҶʵĻ
ǺðɣǿȥɡΪأһ֪ģȡֵġ˿ǳƽ˵һҶʵ
Ҷʾ飬Ͻľ·˳ȥҲһĸϣüЦġ


769 ҵˣ
ҶԼ˹ˣˮһ㶼ûиӵġһȻתߵһȥˡ
ҶʱһˣڨڨӡΪֹҶʶ̫ˮ⵽ڸʲôġĪģʲôءҶûˮϲԼֻҶʲȥġ
ˮĹϵദʱʮֵǢģѵˡأ˵Ĺϵе㲻ѵġˮҶ޻˵ģҶҲˮЩһ
˫˭û˵ϲԷġҶҲûȥ룬һ˸Ǹ˼ԼˣǾ̫ڵһˡ
ˮԼˣҲûһʵĻˮһߺúõ̸һ̸ˡҶҲʱĲȥˮˣתĿꡣ
ΪʲôǶѡطϸϸĴءûʲôرİɡҶʿһһɫҹһĹ񣬿첽ȥߵĻᡣ
ûʲôرģֺر𡣡һΪǵϮһתҶʿѵˣŷ
Ŷ˵˵Ҷһ£öԷǻҵطӡսǵľɵأ涼֪սʲôʱˡֻ֮ͷһӣŻ˵طġ
˵ʵҶһ㶼ԴͷطġεĻңӣͲʲô׼ĽҲ˵Ļĺ֣֪ʲôʱʼѾŪЩˡ
սһֱѹ᲻֪ôҶʲţҶһ㶼ŵİ
Ϊط̫ˣЩֵˡһʼҲ˹ȥˡֱƵƵͷǲͻȻǺΧϢģʼǳſһԵһЩ
˵˵û˵ƵƵͷ˵ʲôϵѵҪ˵ǸɵôҶʷǳΪʲôشķ֣Ȼðһ䡣
ҵ˼˵Ƕû˵ʱ򣬿ͷȻ򡣡ҶЩԹͨһˣܶ鰡ʲôģ˻ûа취ȥġȾͼط̫ˡôһطԵҪϡһЩ
һ˵Ҷʻֱ治ָָԼĻĹֵ㡣ɫĹϵԪĻɫڲͣľʱ޿̵ľΧһС
Ҷһ㶣ȷʵǷطҪϡһЩĵطûйԪȶԣҲܹоġطڹԱߣͨȶԣֺֻܹϡƮɢġ
طǾ÷ǳġ֮ǰΪԭڲŷ֣ԭȽϡ١
Ǳĵطٵӡܹ˵ôҶʲҪϲˣӲ˵
ˣҲ˵ǵõϢǵõϢͬÿһطұˣûзʲôͬġΨطҪϡһ㣬ĵطͬԼܵ衣ҪشҶʵĻģ÷ǳĲƽ⣬ǰ֮ǰĴҵķָ˵ˡ
ʵͷˣʲô˲ġǻعǻĿȷطġҶװȥˣڱ˵ǺЩӣһ䡣ΪźڰϵʹôĿٵġҪǸǣһǻܿٵġ
ҪˮȻҶʣǻǿıȽϽҪҶʵҪ˵ʲôġȫҶûûƤĻˮ÷ǳıӡ
ûˣӦþʱһڰϵʹٵķ˹ǸŹһελãԶԶš
񵭵Ļ˻֣ȻǺڰʹظԶȥˣڹһ㶼ġ
ͷޱĿҶʡ˵ɣɡ
ʲô˲ģǵĿһҲû˭˭˵ˡȻҵˣǾ͸Ͻһ£ôܹ֡ǼĻˡҶƤǳĺҪǱôžܲ˵ĻҶ춼ܲ˵ˡ
ˣҶصѾȷˡһ£ôжҶ˫ֺ£ǰ棬Ϊһ򵥵ѾϷŵ˺𵽡
ͶЩǳĸȤˣҶʵٻǳϵľ¿ԹĿˡ


770 һ£
һȺǿ³壬ɲôˡҪǴٺţǮ̣ǿŮˡǾ͸ӵˡ
ûһȺ˾ɽһġʹľˣȺ
ҶʾúǶ֮ǰòôıסƤʱ򶼸ˡ
ʹûʲô𰡡ǵԪֵӰ
ǰҶϲҪʹĲ̫ˣҶôϲˮء
ĶأĶأˮʲôطָҿ
ˮôȻǸˡ㿴ʶôĳҶʵô
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ҶȻǸӦˮĿˣҶʲһͷȥǲŭʲôϲġ
ҶʿޱȵģڵĴǺĵײλã˼ʲôһġ
ʵҶ˼£Ǻ޹ءҶǣЩʲôʱܹ졣ڣĿԼصĴġ
ˮޱȵֱס˿ģڶҶʿǲġ
Ҳǳֱӣǰ׿϶Ǳ׵ˡǸֱУϲ˵ġһ˵ǰϲˣҲİ˵ˡӾǵҶʵص׵۾ҪˣҶҲҪˡ
˺ˣҲҪˡЩеûãҲҪҵˡҶʲòˣ׵Ŀ⣬Ҷܲ˵ˡɰôݻȥҶĻɰ׶ԿٳһµĹˡѴҽҪߴһϢ
ʲôϢҶˮˮӦˡˮףӦˣҶʵĻոסľ˽ҶʵĻˡ
һİܲܲҪ⣿ҶһͷĺߣⶼεĿʼ˵˰
ŶǾˮףӦˣҶʷˣֻһӡʻ˼ˣʳ˸ӵľ⡣
ұһİҶŭˣһͳȥˣȻ̧ȾͰ˵Ļ국߷˳ȥˡ
СУȴҳϡҶʼæƲϵʱһĵһˡˮǺ
ˮô˵ΪˮֻҶһ˸ȤӣȻǲù˼ʲôġҶʲͬո밮˿ϵ黨ǲݵˡҪ˵Ժû黨ǲݵĿܣҶʻԺ飬˭Ҳ˵׼ˡ
Ϊ˼δģΪһЩ߰ġˣڴҶ׼ε޹صˣȻĻץһαһΡҶдͷð˵һЩ˿ĻֱӾһ¡ͬ˵ǻҵԴͷ档
ҶҶʵҪ˵ʲôѾ뵽˻Դͷйصġǣû뵽ԴͷԱߡҶǶػصĲ֪˶ٱˣûзطʲôԾġ
ˣһ𰸣ҶЩţһӵġ
ҶʣЦһ㶼Цİս֪ˡǿߣǲ֪˼ˡǿһ㶼ûиӦطʲôԵĵطһˣΪҶ˵Ĳס
ô˵ܶ˶ͬĵ˵ͷȽ׵ǿߣֻҪ⣬ܹܾõġ涼֪սǵʲôʱԭλõģսطһʱˡ
ô棬ǿ߽ġѵһֱûзʲôԾĵطô
԰ҶǲǸˡǰûз֣ǶΪصµԭ򡣵񶼱¶˳ˣôǿػصĲ֪·˶ٴˣһʲôûпô˿ֹ֧Ļ
ǰûз֣ôﻹʲôûиӦǾͲӦõˡҶԼʵǺĵģôϸȥӦҲ˵ϢĻǲûˡ
һʼҲһ뷨ģ֮ͬͬǵĹ۵㡣˵ģҽôҶʰѹƳˣֳĽһ¡


771 ôӭô
ͻȻҶʻǱȽϵĺùͨģûǰôˡ
ʵҶҪ˵ǣԼĹʲôȽϵ˽ˡǵֶΰʲôģһ̵ӡˡ
ԣҶܹȺʹصسʲôġܹܱ˷ˣԼȴûзûҵʵ
˼ǿ߲ͬİǲ֪ʹʲôصġ
ԣһԼ˼Ȼų˵ĵطԷָˣ˵ǻҵԴͷҵȻǲӦ˵İ
ڣҶʻǵġңֲʲôЦ飬ϵʵ̫شˡ
ҪƽʱľףҶʵȻûôĺ˵ˡһԼΪԼ˲Ź֡
ҶʶЩȥˡòվŶԷ˵ˡ˵˵İʱˣˡ
ϣǱȲԷˡԷΪεڵİֱûа취ȥȽϵİ
Щרҿһ㶼ô˷ĵӵġĳطרһȥûõģ߶Ҫȫ˵ģСĶһѵźԵġ
ΪЩʹȫװģʲôûдֻߵһطȻ۾ĬĬĸӦһӡȻ󣬾ûȻˡ
ҶǵĸӦİ취ȫͬġҶǵٶҪһЩΪһ˻еڶϸµġ
ǼȻѾȷطˣô죿ҶʿѯʡҶʵƢĻǾֱӴȥˡһֱӸ߶ԷˡҶʲôºһİ취
ûлشҶʵĻ˿ˡҶʾĪģҪ׷ʡͿ˳ˡ
ͬûҶʷϻֱ˫ְ˵ϡƬռɫĹΡȻ˵ɫѿǿ˺ĶɫĹοǷǳĲġ
ɫĹΣѸٵǰȥܿľͰס΢΢Ĳһ޴ĺ΢ҡΡ
Ȼһҡηǳ΢Ϊԭ򰡡뵱һսҡ⶯Сô
ǸʲôҶ̲סˡΪԷʲôºһİ취ģֶԷҲͬġ
ܸʲôⶫƿԴͷ棬û档Ԫת˼£ĺϻˡ
ҶһţԵֻоǿķ֮ɢ񶼸ˣȻֵȥ
ҶʧˣһͳǺĵײҶһȭǰ˳ȥˣȻֿٵ˻
䡱˱Ҷһ˲ͱˡĺеˮȫк˳ˡ
ڷ㶣ˮһ͸Ǳĺˮ˲˹Ȼ˲
һ£ոճԼȫûСӳ٣ΪǷһ¡
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ͬ鰡ΪܹϢİ˵ġû뵽Ȼһ취ôĴ󡣵ῪˣԷ綼Ѿ׼÷˵ˡҶһ㶼ûп
㡭̫죬ǲ֪ôȥ
Ϊޱȵɵģû뵽Ȼһ壬ŪŪôĶġ
˺ˣǱˡҶһ˼ġֺαءǰ˵ļ棬Ҷʵĳôһ˵Ҫһӵˡ
Ҷһ˭˭ȻͷŤһˡ
ιιιСǡΪôӭӱүìôҶìܵʱ˵ĺģһ
ͬʱпֲ˹¶ߣ˲Ͱеˮˡ
ڡ͡УСƬĿռУŨˮʪϢ˶ǾΪ֮һ񣬵ȫɫôÿӡ
֪ǲĻǸ֡ļһǿǲû˵ġһ͸˴һӡ
һǿ˹ɢһֵˮǱˮڵס˵Ļٴγǰ
ҶʻͷһͿ˷ƵóԼգ˼۾ҶҲ⣬Է磬ǹεǸոպòˡ
ҿ£ҪɢˡҶʿڴȡ


772 ҵˣ
ҶʵҶǿ£һҶʵɫЩأĲôĺöԸġ
Ҷ£һ֮صΧһƬСΧĵطȫǱˮš
Ҫѿռɢôһ㣬˵ҪɢˮǲôŬˮ˿ˡСΧĿռ䣬ѾǷļµˡ
紵˳ȥˮܿľڻˡǵģڻˡǷŤڡ
ˮҲǳ˼£ԼԪӴˮûʲô̫ЧˮǺһˮˮĿƵˡ
ˮͻȻһҽУȻ˲жԼԪĿơЩףо˵ɢûл棬ûʲôΧĿռ䶼Ť˵ˡ
ô£ҶʿʵǲûлͷˮҶʵҶʲûпʲôġ
ˮкǿҵĻԪءˮ񵭵Ŀڣʲôı仯ϵڵԪȥϵĻ𶾣һϵյĸоʧ
ԪأҶһ£ˮпŷǳƽлԪصӵİ
ңˮˮԪԪضġңˮѾôǿˣҪʲôĻԪزܹյء
Ҷǰһֻ֣ˮ֮С˲䣬Ҷʾ͸опֲϮҪҶʵֶӡ
Ҷ׼ֱ۶ģһС
ҶʳԼ֣ɫܲÿȻԼԪֵˮеáֵˮͬڻҶʵԪġҶʵĽɫԪڻȻȼ
СһЩҪմȾˮҶʿΧͬ鶼Щ棬ЩԾԾԵӣҶʸϽѡ
Էڳһ˲䣬ˮʵȻӦ˵˲ȼࡣ⿴ˮҲ˵ǻһ塣ǿֲĻ̲ʼղɢסռ䣬ҶǸˡ
ﲻİɡȻӣǲȡİˮУ֮ǰǸٴˡˮвϵı任ŷλ޷
ҶʾúǱҪԼһˣԳȥӦܹסΧ̫ͬ࣬󲿷Ӧ޷طˮġҶֲȥðաҪһؾôͬ飬ǿ˵ġ
ңˮܹԪܹʶʶ̽ȥӵĲ׷ֱʲôˡ
̫ˣǿǵİɡУȻôҲҪԳ֣˫ַϣŶԵԷûмŹûһɱİաҶͬǷֱ治ԷʲôطڶԷҪռԷ鱨
һʱ䲻ûбСԽԽ˰ϲǲ̫һˡȻн飬Ǻ鲻̫ӵİôƮ죬޷׽
֪Ҷʵļƻˡǲ֪ĻҲӦò᷸ôĵͼĴİɡ
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طˣĲʲôµİ֮ǰˣȻʹսһȻҶҲط˵ġ
ҵˡͻȻڡ
ҶҲ룬һ˲Ͷ˹񽣣ȻˮͶ˳ȥ
ɫĹâһ硣ǹ񽣴ġһɫԪҶʹעȥġ
һͷˮУһյĵش˳յͨһɫӰһš
ܿϧǣһεĹûлеӡ
ȻܹҶĬˡ벻İǰеӰٴοˣεУһЩķŭˡǰͻȻһ£öԷһˡ
ҶʾЩϧȻûлСùʽͲ˵ģ֮ͬİ취ûа취ˡԷӵĽˡ
ܹݴص΢𶯣ӦԷŵķλǶԷˮвͣƶǻһġ
Ӧͬʱûа취֡ҶʵĹȽǿͰеҶʵʶһˡ
ҶʹԷΪʱ䡣
Ȼܿжϳ˶Էƶķˣǰĸ˶Էһŵ㡣
ȻҶ˲˹ĳͶ˳ȥ
뷨õģʵǲпġ


773 һν֣
һˣݵҲôĽˡҲӵվˡԷ̫ϸ΢ˣô˵ȥȫȫĸӦĻʲôоġ
ҶʣҵĽЩܻˣҪΪһֲǿڰй۲ǡҶʸһܵĳ嶯ˡ
֪֪ļȻļˡҶЦ˵һĻЦ
ġȻЦĳ治ĶĶġҶʾȻЦЦô¼ǿҪ˵ġ
ʱ򣬻ʲô˴˵ءոһ£ҲΪ˴ҵİ뿴ҪǻˣŪǸ˵ģļ˴˵ôҶſڵĺġ
ʱҶҲûһҪȥӹġֻйߣһλεıʵ̫ڵ۵ˡҶʾ˳ƵĶˡ
ô˻ʽŭˣҪҶʺúõĻشʲôģҲνġһҲ˵ʲôˡҲǺʶĺòá
û뵽ҶʷǳûϴģùúܲˬǱ˶Բ飬ǰմմϲΪġ
˻ʽõô˵òáҶʷ˷ۡ
ô˵ŭյˣһ£ȻӵĲͷˡ
ɱ̫󣬲ʹõġҪֱӰѶԷˣôһ¶õ鱨ءҶſھô򸹸ˡ
ƨһӰѶԷŹ֡һסҶʵ½ҡҶʼ¡
治棬˺ˣˡҪȥɣ֮ǰˡҶһĿ˹֣ȻƵһԼ·
һתͷӵ³һλεıǲԼ˭ء
֮ǰʱʲôѾ˵ġҶǳĴҪǻ˶Է϶ܹ˵ġ
ûлУҲʧһξѵĹĻˡ˵£ǰеǿûʱȥȡ񣬴Ӵóһ㶫ǻǷǳļ򵥵ˡ
ҶһȣڵȻߵ˶ˡ
ŨĻ˳ֱҶʡⲻ̲ˮеĻ棬ޱ۵ĻԪءɢżߵ¶ȣΧһУΧ¶ȶˡ
Ҷʲָɵ·ɫ˻ǲڻ֮ײһ
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ͬʱҶԷȭͷӴһƣѸٵı任צӣһתץס˶Էȭͷ
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Ҷʸոܿľ͸ı뷨İѶԷ˦˳ȥ
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ողҶʲѶԷġҲ˵Ҷʾܲ˵ġȷʵʹĵۣҶʲҲһԵô
ҶʸıעģͬҲ˵ԭԼܲˣû׼³һС
ҪǰѶԷˡԷϵǿֲĻ棬мܹܵ˵ġǲƷ˶ԷǸԷˣԷԼˡ
Ҷ붼룬ҪͻȻȻһӵϵģԷĿֲ֪ҪԴġ
ƺܿľˣҶʻһ£ûоʲôܵġ
˶ǶҶʵƣЩԾ
ͦǿôⶼ㿪ˡƲܵİɡӰЦţǳĿĵӡ
ոչϷ㻹ľɵ˰ĳˣΪżİôģոһ£ˤûСҶͬǷ༥Է̡
ǵҪҸˤΣֱڿЦ㲻ӳĵģҸջ˰ɡеӰģǿųҶʡ
׷󲻺õҪջңֱΡůů֡ҶҲʡ͵ĵȣȷʵѾˡ


774 㱻ˣ
ʵҶʲôůֵİֻƶҪ͸˵ӡ˿ŶðӵģҲҶܹܵסİȻһԵĳŵڡͷȥ٩֡
ҲܵġҶͻȻ䱬ĿҧгݵģôܻʲôءӲĵ棬Ҷʸҵһ¡
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ôţҵĻǺðˮúõůů͡еǿһ߸ıŷһ滺ϵĲʣͬʱڻشҶʵĻһõˡҪҶʿ˵ĻһԷ˹·
ֲ䣬ůʲô㣬ٸ滺һ½ôҶɵȥأⲻԼԼҲڵô
ߡߣͬʱġҶǰеǿߣ̾Էαġ
ҵġ񿴲ȥˣߵҶʵߣ˵
Ҷתͷ˹һ£ľͿ¡طôĴƫƫҪվҵ˵ҪԼÿһֱӵ˵
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һ֣һɫĹְҶ˶СȻɢɵĹâһͷˮ֮С
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ҶǶϷܻеˮɢʱֳ˱仯ϵԪϵԪġ֮ڸտʼʱ̺ŻԪصˮô׾ͱɢˣҲһԭġ
ǣǰеǿߣܿľͷӦˡ
ߡһߣȻ淴ˡǹϵԪܿľͳΪϣ˲ȼȵĻԪֻǺ¶ģڵľ˰
Ҳһ㣬ԪٵһһţΧԪ˳ȥ˵Χһա
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һӣҲʲôöûеġǰǰеǿߵĴµķλٴεı¶˳˵ġ
Ϊ޲ĹģɫĹâͬһʱ䣬һͬȥġ
ǻķȴͬʱġһȿʼģȻĵطŸϣҪôһЩˡ
˫ְڵϣһǿԪһ΢΢Ĳ
䡭ǰ˴ʯݵȻҲǳԲ׼СΧģŪôĶֱӰѶԷĵطŪݣѶԷĽңȻ󿴿ܹܲҵԷľķλ
Сеǿһǳƽܵʲô˺ӡ
Ҷ˲ɫ䣬оΣաһ˲һư˵֮ϡɫԪһ˲·ض͸ˡӲӵһƬһĻƽһ
䡱˲ԶˮУһɫҽ˲ˣſֲɾΧһƬˮеĻԪطǳĻԾ֮ǰǰеǿѧ̲ڴУȻ󻹸ġ
û갡ȥԷʲô鶼ûСҪǸˡҶЩˣԼⷽεĳ֣ûиԷʲô鷳ġǶԷƾͼƵģԼ߸ŪǱġ
񼸸ȺգڨڨЦһЦ
ҿ˵һһºòáҶ˲ͿһɫķдԼǰǷоҵתţм׵ĳȡռ䶼óһЩѺۡ
Ҷʲûз֣ڷ׼ʱҶʾѾǷֵˡû뵽Ȼ׼Լط
εĹЧãӦΪеٶȿ죬ھҵתǻǸӲȥġոսӽͱˡйĵطԵǻԾһЩģơ
ҶץסѵõĻᣬͻȻԺһ⡣
һӣظתǿһƬ貵ǹ⣬ǹ͸ˮУǳſһȶֵͨ߻ǹ΢΢𶯡


775 ң
ҶʱҶʾһֱ˼ˡǿУǹʸеľǿ߶оġǹ͸ӵıˣſֲĻԪˮˡ
Ҫֵˣһ黹ģŪһͨҶʡ˲ٵˡ
ǹͨϵ𶯣ȿΧˮȫ֮ͬ䣬ռڻŤֶ֪ܼòݵġ
ߣŸʲôҶάͨûп˸ϣڽĴһ
ôˣôûһܹԼͼءվŸʲôأͻǵŶԷİ
ͨȶˣ֮ǰھҵĲҶһѱס˰˿һͳͨˡ
˼ߣҶǾԵεġҶʴͷȥˣսҲûж룬̧Ⱦ͸ų˽ȥˡ
ʹǿ˶ԷĶȻ̫⵽ȥʲôǻǺܿĸˡ
ͨеĺǿֲĻ໥ĵˣԲ̫䣬Ҳû̫ȡ
ܹ˻ĿֲˮΧֻһ㱡ǹ赲ǰ档ǹ⿴ôĴһһҲҹͣӿٶȡ
ǰһƬĿտʲôûУȻûǽ˼Σǻ֪ʲôӵǿߡ
ܿĴҾͿͨ˵˵ʯǣͻȻЩҶʵ뷨ˡʯǣ֮ǰǺıƤҶʸˡǹͨУȻֻеһ֡
ǼȻϳʯˣ֤Ҷ򿿽ġ
֮ǰҶ˵ԴͷǺĵڴǸȥˡ
вŵǿߣˮ֮УҶĽ档Һķôʱ䣬ôʱһġ
ҶҪеȴûа취֪ԷľλãǶԷܹ֪ҶǵλáҪǶԷˮȦӣȻʱʱĳ͵Ϯһ£ǲõġ
ԣҶʾͷˣֱĿȥ㲻Ҫô㲻ҪϷô
СүʱܽģûʱèèġҶʾֱĵش壬ط
㲻طòˡֻҪһʱ䣬ȫĵʱҶռ˾Եǰеǿ߻ޱȵıġ
Ȼõİ취ǰеǿ߻ܿʶҶʵıģضǻطġ
ҶҲȻˡԷŻطʱ򣬿϶ǻ¶һЩġֻҪСһЩץסԷʲô¡
ܹһ·̣ȻһֱûеȵԷĹҶʲû˾ͷɾ裬ǸӵľˡԼܹȥһ˵İ
˿ʱˡҶʹ˽ŲѰ˿˰ס
һ£ȻҶʵ˵ͷûΪʲôһжڲС˿Ҳ֪ҶʵĴˣҲûп֡ʱҪ֧ҶʣܹҶϺȡ
ˡҶʵ˵һ䣬Ȼת˹ȥһɫһ
ˡҶ˶һ˲䣬ǹͨһǱҶ͵͵еʱһ˲䱬˳ˡҶʾòԵĵطʱ÷ǳĻˡ
ͷĸҶʵĽԱߵǹͨˣһֻŵĴŽץ˹ˡ
ǽҲоΣգΪʱû˵ԭ򡣿԰ѽÿһϸ΢ı仯۾档ʵ壬Ȼǿ־壬Ǿ˫֮С
ʱҶͻȻˣȭǰ˹ȥɫȭͷܴ죬һ˲ͰƸˡɫԪ˳ǹͨƿĿ׶˳ȥһֱɳȥԶľ롣
Ҷʲûо˷ܣɫ䡣ǻӣʲôȫһǰеǿ߸ûطġҲ˵ͽΣûõġ
ʱҶп־ʲôõҪһȻתͨǰˡ
һɫӰʱײһСƬǹڣǰ밮˿ץ˹ȥˡ
ңҶʴŭŭĿХΧˮҶʸһʧ˴ġ
ҶʲʱռıԵٵǰϱ˴ŵĽɫѪͨƮɢ
ҶȫԸƴɵģʱռҶû͸ǿеȥסˣпٵĴ
Ҷʻһ㡣һưѰ밮˿˳ȥҺǰڰһ˲ı˷嵲ס˰˿ķͨľͷ


776 񣿣
밮˿˵ϣ׵ıдƬĽڡѪҺû˲ͱսˡ
ǰŵľ룬ڰ밮˿ķɵһɲҶʾ͸ϵˡ
ҶǷǳķŭһγ޷Ƶʱ򡣻صʱҶսԼǰǸʱҶʾѾĬĬķ˵ġԲ鷢Լϡ
û뵽ûиõӡһε黹ûǣһεķԼǰˡ
һεȻһˣҶֻһûôĵĵġ
Ҳ˵˿Ҫǡǡ෴˿ͬҪҪԼһŮ˰Ȼĸ硣
ԷЩɵİ֪Ҷûʲô̫õİ취ȻעҶʵߵˡ
¶֮ǰӵʱԷƵİɡʱҶҶΨǴӵġǰ˿Ҷʵûһεġ
ȻҲͬҶʵĻԵĲöԸöԸĺҶʵĹϵôλӡ
ԣǰеǿͻȻˡѡŵľǽ밮˿Ϊ΢СһĴڵˡ
ոҶҪǵİ˿İΣǰеǿ߾Ϳ԰ѽɱġҪҶȥȽˣǾͳڵˡ˵һѵļƻġ
û뵽ҶôǿƣƴôĿµġ
ڶԷһĳȥûջʱҶʾ͸ϵˡһȭ˶Էĺ֮ϡ
ҶȻŭǻûʧȥǡԷսҶʹȺԷҪǶԷͻȻˣϼ汳鷳ʹˡ
ˣҶһȭĽǶ˵ġֱӰѶԷɳǹͨеˡ
ҶûͣڿһתۣȻȻĸŶԷ˳ȥˡ
ҶʾһʯһոճȥˮǱŵĻԪؾȫ˳ˣҶʾۼҶʾһһһɫԪܵһ
һھҵȼգһֶصĵ𣬻ҶʵԪ
ԷʧˣˮУҶʵĸ֪͵͵㡣ڻжԷʱҶʾڶԷһǺţҲڻʲô˵
һתǿдǹ⣬ҶʸСĻȻǱ˵ġ
ҶͻȻͣˮһֵҶʱܵǾΣգСĵȴšһƼǺŷϢʮֵԣǵ˾ڸҶҲûмȥ׷ˡ
໺𡭡ݵӰ˸Ҷʳ˹ÿһ϶ȼܵĻ棬ǻܹ׵İѡ
Ҷԭתһܣǰ˰˴ΡɵĿֲ˴ɢˮֿٵķ˻
ԷûаҶôҶҲûаѶԷôǰ̺ſֲĵҶ棬ܵǷĵĳǿֲĻա
ҶʵһֱһǻԵģûܵʲô˺˰
ǹǼֲסˣ˲䱻ȼˡͬһʱ䣬ǹⴹǸҶʵˡ
ȰһεĹҶĹˡˮвϵתۣһĻӰһֲѩĽ⣬磬⺧ˡ
һжֻˮеĵ˿ˡԶǹͨˣֻǾԶо˵ĽŰʲôġ
ͷһϸСĿ׶Ǳͷˣܹ档лɭȻĽûɢ
䡱ȥˣͻȻըѿˡγһԪصУΧһС
Ҷ̧֣ſһҫǹޱȵҶǹɵġ֮ǰҶͻȻ֣ѳǻͷݻǻԪɵڲƽ⡣
Ҷֶ̧еĳͶǻԪصСըѣǹ⣬˲ƻ˻Ԫ硣
ԶһӰҶʳ˹ҶʾȭһӰͷһԡĲɱҶʵռ˾ԵƵˡ
һֱ֣ͬǲܹ϶ҶͻȻ俪ˡ
ŶҪ˵ʲôеӰһ㶣Ȼ󿪿˵
أǻɡҶʵ˵Ƭ̲ûеõӦԷûп϶Ҳûз񶨡ǾˣǰҾ֡ԪõôģֶǵȽϵ˽⡣ǵķӳض˵İɡֻǣĻ仯̫ˣЩžġ


777 ҶԺ
ʵҶʼʱ뵽ǻˡôֲĻԪصĹ˻Ҷ벻ڶ˵ġ
ΪԪʵ̫ڵǿˣҶֲǻˡΪˮ·ʱһȽ׵ġսҪһЩġ
μǳ˹ˡڵĻһԴˮһȺˡ
ӵġûĳǾѾǻûһ취ˡ
ͦǲµҵˡһΪҵȷҵݵġѾԷˣҲҴŵˡ
ѾҶĶϵˡңѾǷ˵ġ˫һˣֵˣûһҪˡ
ǻ֮ԴѾ˵İɡ˵ôѵģҶΪԼԼ˵ġû뵽Ȼôļ򵥣ĶܹɹģҲ̫ûʲôս˰ɡֻ˵Լ̫ЩϵĴ˵ˣԼԼŵ˵ġҶ˳ȻǶԻоǲˬġ
ߣ֪ƨ˭˵ǶˣȻûôĸӡҲûйϵҪĸˣ˵һľͱǻ֮ԴˡһֱŵľôĥǣȻͦˡҶʵĳһ㶼ΪġǶԴ˳Ժӡ
Ŷ֪Ļλûġŵı˵ĻλأҶʲŶ֣Լͬ黹ҪʱͨҶҲкܶûеõ𰸣һ֤ġ
ͲҪѿڶǳĹŹ֣ܿľͷӳ˹ƨ¡˻ıԴѵλʲôԵô
ˣҵˣ⣬㣬Ҳҵġ˸һ䣬㵨ǹСģǻ񡣡Ҷʵ˵ǲεԷˡ
ҵӴ󣬻ǵСƨ¡ŭ˵ĵСǰԵ¸ҵĴȻ˵һĻǺܵСģҲ˵Сġڻ˵һۡ
ͬĻҲҪ͸㣬ǺģԣȥɡҶ˵žǻ˹ȥˡ
ɫԪƵǹ⣬תţ˴ˮҶʵԶ
һĻھҵȼţıϸ䳤Ϊһѻɫľ޽޽ЩȻ·ϸĻһЩĴ·
ҶڵԪһתΧתŵԪ翪ʼ仯÷һɫĽԪ˳ȥĲϵǻ
Ҳǲ壬еĻ趯ܲ͸硣ŰһĴ󽣣ڻޱȵ׵ľͰѻȫС
Ҷʴһ˫һţתŵԪдм䱻ƿˡ
ֲľɢ˲ͰˮˡǻҶʶԾ֪Ҷޱȵǿ󣬻ĳȡˮ̲ŵĻԪءȻֱҶƿԪеǿľ˵ġ
ҲʱɢһƽҶʿŴ򿪣Ȼ֪ҶʻһЩ֡ǻԼҲǳţֵٰĻ泤Ҷʳ˹ˡ
Ҷһλƿ˵Ԫлһɫĳǻ˹ȥ
һֱҶʵĶҶʹĵһʱ䣬ӦԡеĴҶ۳Ľɫĳȥ
ϡһ죬ĤҪˡѴ󽣣ʵ壬ȴ˿ֲѷɫʵıֺġ
ɫĳǻ󽣽ֲ£˫ڽ˭˭һˣһǻõ档ûķѾˡǽ϶ǻᱻԷһĿ籩Ĵĥġ
ܿҶʵɫЩˡ˫ȷʵƾУԪĵȽҲǲġǶԷĻԣҲһ˳ˡǻĳȻ˽ɫĴˡ
Ҳ˵ǻĳڻڻҶʵĽɫԪ۳ɵĴ󽣡
Ҫ˲ı͹ĻҶʵ˻ԪȻǷǳǿġôľţͱԷĻڻˡ
ԷѾͨĻˣѾһЩ֮ԴˣҲ˵һЩ֮Եˡ
˵Ļ𣬿в˲ٵ˵ġеǿ߶ޱȵļɵ⻹ǻ


778 գ
ߵĵ˽״̬Ȼ˵ڻܹ֧ţǵһĻһǻ˵ġ
Ҷһұٴγһɫ񽣡񽣴УѸٵĴӻ֡
ҶһǷǳĺģȻһѳʱռϷġҲûȫԸˡʱͻȻһûЩܲ˵ġ
ȣһѹѵһѽɫĳѹȥˡʱ򣬻ѸٵһԾ˿ȥ
ڶѳڻһɲǶԴѸٵһѳƽˡҶһУѳѸٵĸı˷ǻ׷ȥ
ѳĲɵתţǻɱ˹ȥ
ʱѽ໥ϣͲġǿһѣһתҲܹǻĳġ
ܲӦսġ˵ǴĹҲܹðԵĹѹƵġⲢǴᣬԵдſֲдգҪʱܹᣬҪ͵ʱ˲Ҳܹǿ
ʼ仯ı䳤ı״ŵĽ죬˲ǻ񡣲һһ̽
һڿը˿ĽɫĹꡣͬʱҲ˴ƬȼŵѪҺ졣
Ҷһ£ǻؾġ֮ǰҶʿܵ˰ɱĴġҶʻûеȵԷİȫʩչǹϵĳִݻ˵ġ
ոǻûҪݻٵġǸУˣҭûʲôõġ˲ͱж˴룬ȻһһײĹȫʧˡ
ŭҪӵÿ죬˵ͱŵĽ˺˵ģ̇Ҷʵķ򣬶еĳ
ѸٵķŴһ塣
ҶһԾһǻɫĳѸٵûеĺǴؾǶһֱӾͱǳ͸ˡѸٵû˵£ʧˡ
һɽ壬ĳ˵һ
ҶͻȻþջЩȣϽٴα任λ֮ǰĵطϢƿˡҽ緢һɫľ޽ͷ˳
ҶĨһ£ƨϵ·ˣǿֲ¶ȸ̵ġҪܵÿ죬ջҪ˵İɡ
͡ϣǻɫɽһľ޽ϵĴ̳̽ؽӴ
Ҷʾһֻɧϵڴġһϵĸı䷽ŸԶĵطȥΪ֮ǰĵطѾҪһƬҽˡ
ҶͻȻǹճһĨаЦݣ˫һ档ѸٵǿеĻ˹ȥˡ
Ҷٶȷɿ죬ŵĴҲٶȷɿ졣
һ㶣ҶʾȻֱ㶵ĳ˹ˡȻľѵĹĻ˵ġǰǱҶʸˣܵһΣȻ·磬Ҷʸˡ
ҶʾȻʽڵӵˡôܹв˵ĵء
ĳһ޴ĻƣյҶʸȥҶʹһ˻ʽ¶һƷĽҶ˻һε񽣣ǾƳȥ
Ȼ޴󣬵ֻΪ˷סҶʵȥ·ҶʸһķΧˡԴȻǴ󣬵ǲʵֱӾͱҶʸ͸ˡ
ҶʣȻǻľ޽˵ڶ֣ϴ͸˹ȥˡ
ڿҪײ˻ʱڻ׼ӦҶʵİ취ʱҶͻȻı˷򣬴ӻı˹ȥˡŻıȥġ
һ㶣ûзӦҶʵҪʲôһͲˣΪѾ֪ҶʵĴˡ
໡ءУһѹŵĸ߿ǳر𡣾ƴҪѹסָѹƲסһġ
ԶҲ̫ڵˡεûоرĴò˶Ƿǳɻ
ô˻ɻˣΪԼ˻ˡ
ҺҲˡҲǿڡ
ҲǡͷԶ
ÿˣˣƭԼˡǻˮҧгݵ˵˿ˮǲġˮĶԹǾͶȥ˵ģôܻͷ˵ء
ڣҶ֪ˡԷǻˣϷˣǰֲôԹ˶֪֪׵ģĹô
ڿԷӦǰǻ֮Դ˵ġȻôͻȻôǿء
ҶʻҪһġȻôеôҵأǱ˾ջһ


779 ̤
񱻱ջˣԼԼľջһҪĪҶԶĶ첻ӵġ
ԴˣҶһӵͬ鶼ûеģﻹǷǳֻġΪԭҪõʽҶʸĻȥˡҶʳֳģԷԼԼˡ
ΪҪԸҶʵģҶƤģͿκε֪ķ͵ķߡԣ޽ҲǷǳĿֲģܹвҶʵĶȻʲô򵥵Ķˡ
ˣһ񣬿ӱ˿ɿƨɵλһĿӣ¶˰׻ƨɵӡ
񴩵ĶǺãȻҲ˵ǻԪƵ÷ǳľȷġһֱϵ·ûбٻ١ƽͻȻǻĴ󽣸ˣҲûȼġ
ȼŵѪǰ׻ƨɹµ䣬ǳۡ׵ĳźģֻҪʲôŵɫäǾԾܹһ۾Ϳġ
ôԼԼĺͥǲǾ÷ǳˬءҶվԶŻЦš
Ǵڴ˻ĺͥʱ򣬾һֱǱһʱֹסˣȻɢ˵ġȻĻҪǱ󽣸ôһͱ˶Ľˡ
Ȼ뵽ôմİ취ʵǱ޳ܡһβһ߳Ҷƿڴţǳ
ǴȻˡոⳤ׷ҵİҷģ˵ûͬİ취ԸҵġҶҲ޵ԼƨλáϺõ˿֯ĿӣΪôһ̣ѾЩͰ˵ӵˡҲôˡ
ôҴȥĹôôЩΣոȷʵôġҪܹҶʸԴˣǾͷǳĺˡԷģԲҶʸȡģôţչ
ˣǱһջôҪǸոǴǰĻԼһ롣ҶŶԷŶԷ
֮ǰҶʲûӻǰģԲҶʹԼеӣһ뵽취Щë
Ҫڻǰʱ򣬻пڳô졣ĿŻĻҶ־öġҪǱŻڻǰĻҶ־÷ǳĲġԣҶʾ˶εˣѡ˴ӻ󴩹
˵ˣļн˫ȣоĳλ쬵ģҲǻôһ
ҪǴǰǻİӦûᱻе˵İɣǱ˵ġ
ͷһ£Сֵ̫ˡ˲ĻͻȻͨˣҶĹʴȵˡ
Ҫȥ¡Ľ˵ģҶʾһûᣬһǧѷĺûᡣ
ǰһ̻񳶵һҶ˲ԭʧˡ
Ҷֱӳ˻ͷϷǱһ̧ˣȻصȥһɫ硣һҪʵˣĲӶᱻҶʸ߶ϵġ
顱һϸ΢ı˳񡱱ҶֱߵñѿˣĻǡ
Զһ¶˳ˣǼн˫ȣջεơûˡҶʹһɲǣԤϵ˲Ծˣˡԭһɵ塣
ոˬˣڵľԻôǿİҶҲ⣬һûֱܹӻɱˡ
ǻûǰԤеҲܹ㿪ģڻֱҶ߶ϲӵҵӵġ
ôʱĽƬˮѾʧ˵ġԶܹߵ˵ġ
һ棬ľǻžջн˫ȵСģҶڻĶ棬һ˷ܵӣģʲôĺһġ
龰ĳ棬˲òԲһµġ󵽵ĻȻһЩеʮ˽ģôҼ־÷ǳ˷ܵġ
Ҷʿɲܴ뵽ʲôٵķŴϳ貵Ľ⡣ڵΪҶʾһ·սһġ
ʩչ˷صҶʣ̫ߴˡ̧һ֧صһĴȣŻ̤ȥ
ҶǾԵţԼܹʤģóԷƻ񡣻ıƢôܹƵءȻǻᱬˡ
ҶʣСʵ̫ҽ첻ɱ㡣ŭ嶼ȼεĻӵĿֲˣֳһѤ߲ʵĹ


780 
Ӧòǻ֮Դĸڣ֮ǰĻӦǱ֮ԴͬġһֵԣǲĻ֮Դ
Ͼõʱ仹̵̫ˣܹתôĶӻء
ҶûбУһǻļ̤²һġҶʿٵתڵԪڵĻѪҲǸˡ޴ϣӵĹâӵĲˡ
뱻ҶʸĲУȻ˵Ҷһ˲ĸһϵѹƣҶǴĵҪصһʡǹ裬Ҫӡ
񲻶ϵı仯ŷλһôûеġҶ˻ϢܻʲôطƶҶҲܹ΢΢ƶġΪŴˣķΧҲǱĸӵĴ˵ġ
޴Ľŵװʼס˻һƬյˡûͲ
޿ɱܵģҲƳ˻ȼŵĻӵľˡڵԪӿҲǸӵӿȵˡ
ɿһֻƨɵ֣˫ȭһĸ߾٣Ϸ˳ȥˡ
䡱ĶԿҶռݾԵơĻ֮ԴѾó˵ġҶʱ˵ŵǹӵŨǴһǳսһġ
ҵȼգ˲סҶʵȡҶʵĴСΧĲϵ𶯣ǰԼĴȵ߲ʵĻ档
ͬʱȼİѻȽ˵ȥˡϵĻ˲ڻǼӲĵ棬ˮһûܵʵԵ˺
顱ڲ˴ϵˡ涼ǲһӵӡ
ҶʵϿϲŭ֣һ²ûиԷʲôʵԵ˺ȻǰѶԷȽ˵棬ҶҲܣȶҪȼһ
ԣҶڰѶԷȽ˵֮˲ջ̤ȥһֻšڵĥ˼£ѽϵ˵֮źһЩ
Ļ̫ˣ˼֮ǰĴһǲôΣաҪҪŪҪƴȻ˵ɱ㣬ǾԵܹϰġ
๾ࡱӲĴأΪԭ򣬴ʱ˻ȵҽˡϵðݡ
䡱һ׳ĻҽתҶʳ˳ȥ
ҶҲң̧־һƬǺӴ䣬ҽһߡǿгģҲǺ֮Уʧˡ
񿴵Ҷʷӳ˹ˣҲûм׷վǺӵһˣĿҶʣû˵
ҶǰһƣǺӾŻѹȥҶҪǳѻĥС
䡱ٴεˣеɫĻһ߲ʵĹմաǿУ̫£Իв䡣
Ϊıƨϳ˸ӵŨĻ棬ϵб󷽵䡣
Ѫ˲ûкãڲòҶʶԾΪԪӵӴˣƨϵ˿ڱ˺øӵĴˡս˾ţ֪ƫһߵġ
һĺߣҪҶʾڶ滢ģҪתȥ˵˸ɱˡ֪һ£˵һİ
ҶʶԴҲģôƴҲʧѪ˵İҪǻΪ˵ģǾԻʷŨīزʵһʵˡ
ǣֱ̫ˡ˵֮ǰǿʱҶʶԻһЩʲôˡû뵽ôĸ͵Ҷʳôӡһ飬ȻλøԻһˡҲ˵ģȻڵжԵλáǻǾҶ̫ˣȻϲˣΪʲôԻô׺ݵء
ҶҲһͷĺߣһƬǺӳ˾ҵĲôʧ˵ġҶ˲ȶסԼûڶԾг¼ˡ
ǺӿٵķŴһƬʵǺӽˣֱӾͰǻˡǺеǳеǳһһĶӦһƵǹ⡣
Ǻеÿһǳһǹ⣬ǻнɱÿһƶһֲĽܹ׵˺׵ǿߡԻȻ˵ֱӵĻɱ˵Ķ࣬ҲʲôӦġ
ǹ⽣ұϵиŻϵĻ档
͡Уǳϵıڡ
ǣ޾ĽҲһϸСĻ档ȻѸٵıһӵϵĽ˵ġ
Ҳʲôʡ͵õơһƨɺ滹ڲϵѪͿԿˣʵ̫ˣһ㶼Լӡ


781 С
ۼѾǰѶԷϽԼٻǺˡ˰ˣǲֵͦӣǶһЩʹĹ
ҶʷˣƬǺһ𱬷˿ڲããһƬʲôˡǹӣסÿһĿռ䡣
ǣܿҶʾ͸о˲ԣϵĺˡ
Ҷʸոߵһ˲䣬ƬǺӶ˲ıȼˣ߲֮ɫӵѤĿǺֱӱճޣִ¶˳ˡ
ЩϢɫЩ԰ףոһµ˲ıһ˲ڵеԪʱڣûа취һεˡ
ҶʶĲ룬϶ǶԷѪˡ岻֧ˣôɫôĲ԰˵İɡ
ҶȻҪĥԼԼΣյ£ܹܲнһͻơǣҶͬǲҪȥˡ
ҪǼ˫˭Ҳκβ˭ġҶʴսپˣѸٵİѶԷ
ѿһɫӰϢ˳ٵĳҶʣҶʵϣΪһ塣
ͻȻֵģȻҶʵеģԶˡҶ֮ϣǴֵˡ
ҶʵʵеһҲĽġԶ񣬾Ҷʱ򿴵֮ˡʲôܹͬӳʲôҶҲ˵ġҪȥʵġΪǰ˻УɴûгֹӰġ
ڵҶʣо涼һıǿˡڻڴϢĬĬĵϢʱҶѸٵǻ˹ȥˡ
ָſ繳ҫŽɫĹ󣬷ǳʸСд·תÿһεɶܹ׵İոѵġ
˾ٵתһ£ֲָɵҶʻһֲĻ浶մգҶʵ֮ϡ
΢΢һ𶯣еķıߣ˲ͰֵĻ浶СǵĻ棬ҲҶӲˣһǿ壬
ҶͻȻ٣ٵĳǻĿ꣬ǻʺĲλҶҪһɱֱӰѶԷ
žԷĲܽ˵ʱָǴ˶ԷĲϵƤʱ򣬱һָֻסˡһֵҶʵϡ
ĲһϸܵļƤȻͻȻЩ⣬̲סĲһӡ
һϾʹ˴Ҷʸסˡ
Ҷ󷢳ãԼҪҶʸϵˡûжϣ붼Ѿǹˡ
ҶʾЩϧǱϾûгɹҶҲûбֳʲôʧӡ˳ƵİĿӶԷĲӣתƵ˶ԷˡץסʲôʲôģҶʻǳĵİѶԷ󵱳˲ˡ
ҲǷˣȫԪע˱Ҷŵֱֻȥˡֱ۱ͨ죬Ϊһ壬ûһ˿Ѫɫ
Ҷʱɫˣ˲оƶҪȼһҪɿǺһͳѲ
߲ʵĻ濪ʼˣҶʵֱӡҶһ˴صˡ
ҶʲòӴԪֱ۽Ӳӵģǽһ㡣ڽܻĶ
ԪڿٵıԷĻڣⴿĻ֮ԴҶڵԪûа취֮ľ
Ҷĳţһ˶Է֮ϡϸǱȳһƾѪ֮£ŰѶԷˡ
ڵĴϢţȻҶһţƲءһҶʵȫԪǾһֱˡһǱβųģ̫󣬻ڻĳܵķΧ֮ڡ
ĹҲܹԷľֱӴĺ־ˣطٴιǧܹ̰ࡣ
ҶлһЩ׵ˣȻԿһ㣬ǻһЩԷһЩơ
ĵ˿ڿٵϣʧһľѪ֮⣬Ҷʲûʲô󰭡
Ҷ¶һаЦݣҶͷһоʲôõҪһ
ѿҲ߳һӰӰٵǰ壬ǻһ𡣻Щ˥˵ϢӰ֮󣬿ٵıǿʢ
ҶʿľģҪǶԷӰǻɫĻҶʶҪΪԼԶ񱻶Էǿеİ˹ȥˡ
ޱȵƣǲ֪мЧ飬Ҷ֪ⲻֻһŻԼĶ


782 Ҷˣ
Ҷû뵽Էһֱ֣̫˵ġȻԼ˶Էӵġ֪ҶʾԵĲԷϵײˡ
ԷȻô͵ʦҶʾѹô󡣲ʹͽþˣԷŵĻʽԸԼġ뵽ҶͻȻѹ˵ˡ
ǲ֪ԷôͻȻóֶεˡҪ֪ҶⲢʲôطԶģ˵Ҷʸոճʱ򣬾ѾǰҶʵ˵ġ
Ҳ˵ҶʶеĶ˶ѧġûйԲοҲܻѧġ
ǻʹɣҶʶ֪Էʲôİ취ȻֱӰԼĲطóˡ
ھǲ֪ԷóżɵõģܹӳԶļɵоǣԷ׻٣ֻһԶ񣬻˵ҶʵʱõˡҶʾͲö֪ˡ
û뵽ɣҾȻҲᡣֲһôǿ󣬺Ŭֻһ֡ԭǵôǿİֱ˼ʡ״̬ǳĺãҶʹЦš
ߣܹóܹôءһƷˡҶûг׵Ū׵Ķõ˾ܹˮƽķӳôҶʷ༥ǲ˼ܿľƽˡ
Ҷ˵ԷܹóܹôءǵĶֹܹЧ֪оǣԶҶʶ̫׵ӣοǶԷ
ǻļӣǰǴҩʹ˵İɡҶʸӵıӶԷˡ
˿ںܿľͱҶʸˣҶʲٵ飬ٴεĳ˶ԷڳͬʱҶΧԪڿٵŤȼգģŶԷĻ̬
ܹò֪ʲô취Ҷʵġ̹ȥҶҲܹģ¶Էˡ
ɫԪһϵŤţȼţΧСΧĿռ䡣
ҶһȭŶԷ˹ȥûκεĻڡһȭǰ춼Ҫһȭͷա
ҶʵϣҲͬûжģͬһȭҶʴ˹ȭͷϵҶЩľˡԼϢǷǳͬģͬʱִŶԷĶصϢС
䡱ȭͷײһ˲Ȼ־ҵ˿ĺֱ˺һڵĿӣѿд˳
ôܣʲôʱôˡʹֽһʶҶǷǳ˽ġҶһͬȥһ磬϶ǻһ˽ġ
ˣʶǳĳԾĶƴУҶʾȻˣһȭ˳ȥˡҪʵʵڵķԼǰҪǱ˸ԼܵĻʾǻԷһġ
ʵķԼǰʳ˹ֽ֮⣬ֻгĬˡлǷǳɻġ
֮ǰҶʾһʱ򣬿ҶռϷ磬ǸʱЩԾˡְҶʸˣʾǸӵĲ˼ˡ
Ҫ˵ʣĹսĶûһŵġҪ˵ϵײĻҪû٣ͬ׻˵ǵȽײǿߣӦûҶʵĶֵġ
ֻҶԼ֪ΪʲôҪһȭʵ˵ĻҶǲܱԷ˵ġУӵĲܡԶĸϣҲǲܵġ
֮ԱԷˣʵܴһֵԭҶԼġҶԷӴһɲǣ;öԷ˺ܶˡҶһȭʵˣٴγ֮ǰǾٴαԷסˣĪĶһԼĶҶʾ͸ӵͷˡ
ԷԵԶҶҲˣԼʵİ˲ĹġҲֻûԼԶôľԡ
ҶʼʱжȻˣץס˻ᣬݺݵĸһӡȻҶʴˣҶʿһ㶼ǱġңҶʲûˡ
ôģô㲻ǽ޵еôٴսٻغϵġҲеܶƹȻúõĥ㡣ЦţҶʡ
񿴳ˣҶʲôҶҲˣʲôһԸƴŰҲҪԷһƴžǰҲԷľ
٣ҶûоԵİ֮ǰҶǲԷ̫ϵĽӴˡ
ȻλǻˣҶʵŲţҪҶϵĽӴҶʲϵĶӴʱʵǶ㲻ˣҲһ£Ȼ˲ˡ


783 ںϣ
ҶʳŶԷһЧ̫ڵĻ񣬲Щܹĥġ
ңԷ϶Ҷʲġ˵е޿ֵӵˡҶʩչгɱʲôܲ˵ģҶʵ
Ҷʲòûʩչ͸Ͻ˵ġԷֱεĴ򷨣ҶʾúǱ
Ū֮ǰôıȥһֵܵġҶʸоŵˡ
ôģܲ˰ô˵ءܵǿİСƨɾҵǰһŤһŤģҶҪһǧɱˡЦţϷҶʡ
ô˵ҶͻȻþջЩӵģ˼ļн˫ȡ˲Ҷʾͷӳ˹ֱǳ־Լ硣Ҷַ˫ȣɵվУһӵĿŻ
ȻôĲҪҲҪһˡԸҪöԸ˵İ취ұݵʱˡҶʳŻ΢ЦЦЦһ޵ӣôôļġ
ҪʲôҲҪⲻҶһֱսķʽôΪǿܹƺܶԪҶʲôܡսоһֱǸһȭֱӰ㱻ſ£ûа취
ǰĻҶʣҶڵĻĸоɣִˡ㲻ɧɣܹܿ׷㡣׷ûʲôôоǺܱġкǿʵӣǸͷӲġ
ڵĻ񣬲һҶʵĴˡ⻹ûжõӣҶʾѾܲ˵ˡȻԼǼˡ߼˵ĻҶʲǼеļˣǼ˵ı˵ô
ԼˣԼĪĸҶʱ˺ڹˡңǱǼˡ
ܿģ֪Ҷ˵ʲô˼ˡøӵˡҪҪôİǻղһֱҪİûץҶʣûġ
֮ǰǿˡҶʺڹԼԼһûóǿĹֶΣûҶǺϷŪһˡ
ҶֱչԼֳһƬɫ硣ΪԶϵԭҶʶĸӦǸӵˡңҶǿ͸ӵʵ
ľһʵһģҶʸһŻǽɫư˵˼ˡ
Ҷչʱ򣬻˲Ҷʳ˹ˡҪռȻҶû׼õʱ򣬰ҶʸȻץסҶʺúõġһ£Ҳ̻ͲôĺҶʵˡ
ǣҶֲɵӣҪǺѵĻҶʻᵱŶԷǰôչô
׳˳УֱӾͱȳһɫӰ
ģϰ취ʹãҪǿгҶʵ档ϵķһǻ񲻶ϵĳ򡣶ңܿԽԽ࣬춼ռ䶼˵ġ
һ׳һ׳һ㣬ģŽĹԣҲֲԣôŪϵġ
ٶȲ簬ǵĿ죬ȻӲҶʵĹġһ𵹾ܿľǰǻΧС
Ҷǰһֻ֣աһøӵľҵˡ̫ڵľ޴նڲϵĲ
ôĺöԸġҶʵյһĵزˣôҲûһİ취£ˡøӵľˣ˼һ㡣
Ҷһˣ˫жʵԵĽ⡣յһһˡ
顱һ졣ǲĲһͻȻ˿Ϊķɻҡ
ɻɢȥ¶еĻ߲ʵĻӵŨˣǻɫȴܲ԰סľ񲻴˫˸ϲá
Ҷʿ˿֣ĽһƬƣнɫѪҺ֮ǰҶʣ˺ͬʱˣ˵Լ
ֲôıԼԭΣյʱսõʱĸ֮Դҳ׵ںˡ֮ǰȻܹãǾò˳֣ڲˡΧɫĻ֮УһԵޱȵܡ
Ҷʺһʲôû˵ԼһֱҪͻûУǰͻˡԼݵʱֱڳԼİ


784 򲻹ͷ
ϢǸӵǿˣҶܹĸӦ֮ǰӾǲͬ˵ġ
Ҷʾúͷ۵ӣѾ򲻹Է˵ӣֳ˵ġ;öһ˵ģѾǿҪװݵˣҶѾûа취ֵˡ
ڶԷսǿˣװݵˡҶᣬ⻹ôֵء
ͻƣһȷϵĲҶʣʵԶˮڻոͻƣϢû֮ʱˮѾǸӦ˵ġ
ԭԽԷԪһȽ׵ģڶԷһ̨׵ˡӦˮǵһʱ͸Ӧ˵ġ
ˮоǳܣӦΪıȽϽԭܹĸӦԷԪϵѹȡͺλߣλһġԴˮΪˮ֮󣬾ʹûĸоˡû뵽ٴᵽˣǴͷᵽˡ
ˮ񣬹ҲҶͬʱ쵽˲ԾġǸӦ˻ϢʼĸӵĻˣøӵˣźȻķ֣СǿԽԽǿˡ
ҶʣúõܰɡЦţҶ˹
ҶʹϵĵˣȾͲĽӴˣǸӵĲԷӴˡ
еǷˡϵŤţǻ˹ȥңгӵĶˣУձһֲ硣
ÿһܹ׵ĳɽÿһޱȵļ̣ޱȵ͡
ȻûκεĹĶôҶ˹ϵ߲ʵĻ棬ɶţɫ˲١
͡ŻոսӴϵĻ棬ֱӾȼ߲ʵĻճޣʲôû
壬ûһ˿ͣٵġֱӾڵסҶʳ˹ȥ
ۿǻԽԽҶʶܹܵǿֲˡǰѾǱˣɶ÷ǳķ񣬲ϵǻ񷢶
һֻͽ͵ӣûһõġӵöûеӡ
ҶʸоԼԪҪȼ˵ӡҶѾôĲܵ˺͵ʱ
дһ˿춯еĳϵ
Ҷһ㶣Ǻܿľ˹ӦԼϵԶٴγĶԼ쳣Ӧģеһֻɻˡ
еɻˣȻɻˡûѪ壬ǵȵҶһֱȥȵҶޱȵǿʱЩ˵׼˵ӵˡ
ҶҲ룬ֱӰſһͷɻ˳˳ȼͬĻ棬ɫӵŨһ˿Ϣ
⵱ȻʵˡصĴ壬ֻɻǴճģɻϵĻ棬ͬǴճġ
˿ҶܹĸӦˡɻ˵ڵһصĴ·ǳ
û壬һͷɻɻ˲ûʲôˡ
Ļ֮Դֲ߲ʵĻܹĿסҶʡǻ棬˵Ҳһִ·аˡ
䡱ɻĳٶ̫ˣʲôٶһ˲ײ˻ϣڻûзӦ֮ǰֱӾͱײ˳ȥ˵ġ
ౡɻ˳ͣҶʵͷϿաΪǴԼгģҶʵϢɻϵĻ棬Ҷ˵ûһ˿˺ġ
Ȼôһ֣ϲŵܻǺܶİ򲻹ˣȻڿз˼£Ȼܿľȶ
Ǵˣɻ͵Ϯ˲ġɻ˵Ϣͬģд·ճġȻ˺˻ġûļӳ֣̫һЩ˵Ļã˻ֻ˵һŻײһŻ
Ҷһͷĺߣʲô򲻹ͷء仰ܹ˵ĺòã仰кܴĺòáҺΧһƬĿտģûж赲ҪǻǱŨŨˮţҶĻˮϴˡ
ҾͷˣôġҾ۸ûˣܹôġҧҰɪɪƨİҶʱò׵ġһת;ⲻ˳ŶԷĻͽȥˡ
ûôأֻҪץ㣬ҺܹܿˡΪ˭һİ񡣡ûзӦŰ취ôİҶʸץס
ҶʶҪЦſˡǱĿɰİˣ˭ûأ˭ʱŵءȻǻûŪҶʵ˼ġ


785 ɣװˣ
ɻ˺գޱȵǿÿһεĳȶܹĻ棬ܹյһСǷצӣÿһε΢ܹ˺ա
ڻ˵ЧǳĲԣõġҪʥ𣬿϶ܹȻ񵽴ܵģͬĻ棬ûʲô̫õġ
ɻųǻ񲻶ϵķצӲֹһץ˻ϵˡǶȭͷˡ
ȻץһѪۣǶһЩƤˡûʵԵģ˺
Ҳûа취Ҷʿɻ˵ľҲòСĵӦԵġʱȥҶʣûа취Ҷɻˡ
顱׼ɻ˵צӴ̽˳ȥֱӾŻĲץȥˡȭ׼ȷĴɻ˵צϡһȻٴεİɻ˸ˡ
һЧɻ˳ţθ壬ϷԶȥˡѸٵһתۣٴε˻
Ҷʣûʲô취ġĲֵôƻҶʣҪҶҲɻһսɻٴιʱ򣬻ܹǶȣҶȥŵɻ˵Ĺ
ߣСǿ鷳̫ˣ̫ܹĴˡҶһȻɻһǻ˹ȥˡ
Ҷǰɻ˵ӴںŵĻ棬ܹҶʸˡ
ɫ¶ϲɫҶɻ˸ôĽֻҪʱ䣬պýǶȣҶɻ˵Ĺ·˲ʲô¡
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Ҷʵ壬һ޵еĺڶһ㡣ĵƣȫ߲ܣûһ˿ʣģȫҶʵˡ
ȵҶʳ嵽ǰʱһ˿ĵƸպʧˡҶʵÿտ
оԣҲǰһȭٵҶʵ˹
䡱ҶʵͻȻȼ׼ȷ˵Ҷʵ壬ͻȻð˿ֲĻ档֮ǰɻϵĻһ޵ģ嶼С
ȥġҶʿڴɫȭͷڻİ£ӵѤ֣ȴȴ˶Էȭͷϡ
顱һ졣
ꡱһĹͷѵ
ͬʱӵġ
ִ࣬ģûһ˿֮ǰڶԺʱҶһȭѶԷֱ۶˵ġ
Ҷһԭʧˡ߲ʵĹâһҶʳ˻ڻոոӦҶʵϢʱϥĶ˻ĺ֮ϣѻ˸߿С
ľʹûȫɢ;ֵķ֣֮ǰ·ԼıҶʣʱ˸߿ˡ
ȸ߸ߵ̧𣬾͵ŻԼˡҪһҪס塣Ҷ֮ǰһ£ѻڵԪɢˣʱûа취Ԫ
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һȻҶһ˻ϴġڶ죬ǻ˵ϴġ
Ϊٶ̫죬ΧĻ滹ûаǼӲĵڻѾײȥˡ
ҶʵĽ£һֱϣһȼŵĻߡǻ³ѪϳոսӴֱȼˡ
Χĵ棬ǻڻˡƽţ³
ѪڵģҶȻһֱѹŴ򡣵ǸոͻȻô£̫ˣ̫Ѫˣ̫ˡȺѪյ͵ʿͬġ
˵ϷǿߵʲôԶķŷԺ䣬ȺѪ꿴ڵΪʣ˭ʱûȭȭսĿûа취ȡ޵ء
Ҫ˵ʿˣЩҶʸոǼ£̫ˣ˼ʵ˳
ҶûпȥôԼġΪҶʵ黹ûæ꣬кҪҪġǾǣûԼȥŪ
ɡˣӦ֪ûõġңôװɻùȥôҶʶ·ǲðݵҽĿ˵
ǱԼŪҽУȻûˣҶ˵Ļġ
ǻҪװʲôġһʼûҪװģΪⱾƭκ˵ġ
ֻǣҶǽļµĹûеأЩԵӡоǣҶʼεĹݵĴɢ˻ڵԪ


786 
䡱ҽϣҪƵһ㣬ֱҶʶȥǻҶʵĻӦ򵥶ֱӡ
Ҷʲûж㣬֮ǰȽϵḲԼڣҶһ㶼ĵˡ
ƲҶʻԪԶѿٴεĳһξ롣ϾΪҶʸ赲˵ģʼµ䡣ϿʼСΧҽꡣ
ߣо·ҽе춯Ҷһ̧Ⱦ·صĲȥ
ˡһ죬ҶʵĴŽʵʵĲһ˵ȥˡҽҶһñˣ¶ҽеӰ
ȻǻˡڵЩҡΪǴ·ģҶʷֵҲȽϵļʱӡ
ҶʵһţʵʵĲ˻֮ϵˡߵնҶʸȵñˣϵƤݺݵһߣˡҲΪˣһߵˡ
Ҷʣ쵰˶ͣѵķ仰Ȼֵȥˡ
ҶһţûֱӰѻ˹ȥҪǻоΣգǰ˵Ļ˵ӵҵġ
һΣҶʶˡڿһתͷ½ϵġٵǵȥĻ׷ȥ
顱Ҷһȭ˻Ķϡʹĳ棬Ϊ׹ٶ̫죬һȭӵĳصˡ
ʹ˲˹ΪܵػȻһ𣬼׹ٶȡһѪޱȵĻģҲ֪ǲǹġҶʵ˳ȥ
Ҷʵһĵ˲ȿȼŵѪ
ҶŻһ׹˴֮С
صϵĴһıڲϵ𶯣ӲĵһĹ֡ص׵ʯ˳ˣЩҽմȾ
ʱŭӦǳԿȽ϶ӡҶҲʱķһŭŶԷϵ˫صĴ
Ҷڵصױս߱任λ׵صĴ󡣺ܿǼӲʯͶҶһ䣬˴ʯȻҶ˵ڶεΣӲʯȻ˵ĸڻ˻ĽҺ
ҶÿһεײܹǧɸߵҽҶǱ任˷λʱֿٵĵ
ʱҶüˣͬʱǧҽľۡ
ҶʴҽضҵĲˡ
ˡһʵʵͬʱһҽըˡ
һ㶣Ƿʲô顣֮ǰӦҶռϷ磬ǻܹ֧ŵӡ
ҶʵŭԵǷǳķŭ֪ǳʲôСˣֱˣåˡ
֡ҶٴαýЩԶԶΧ۵ĶЩͷΡ
ҽ֮£ʱĴһƤ⽻ӦҶŹ档ǲ֪ΪʲôҶʵԽԽŭԽԽС
䡱ҽضˣһӰ𣬸߸ߵСע·
ҽֿٵȥǾ޴˸ҽõǵӡ
ҽ䣬еǸӰ¶˳ˣҶʡǳҶʾĿǳӣҵĴϢţȻ֮ǰĲС
ҶʵȻϢǿġûԵ˺ۣ֮ǰûܵʲô̫ĴҲ˵һ죬ӦҶڴ
׷ʲôҶˡĿǰӦҶռ˾ԵƲŶԵİôĿҶʵɫѿӵء
ⱻҽڵס˵ģʲô
ҽУ˻ĿЦޱȵſ񡣻Ϊǣƣ˼¡ϲõġ
ҽضڻЦоҵĲˣðһһĴݡ
䡱䡱䡱䡱
һĺҽĻɫӰӴҽг˳˴ƬĻҺΡ
찡ۼ⣬ڵһʱͷǳĶʲôˡ
ȻɫЩһɢϢҲűϵġǣ֮ǰȿĶұܹܵϵġ
֮ǰҶֶΡ֮ǰҶʹʱ춼׳ڵסˡʮֵǿƶ˵ġȻ󱻻ˣҲСĹ
ҪǣҶʶеֶΣôᱻǻʹóء֮ǰĻˣǵڶҶʵֶˡ


787 
ڴҶЩ׵ˣ֮ǰҶʵŭΪԭİɡҶʷ˲ԾˣŭҪ򿪵ġ
ڵľҶӦûгɹӵġֲ֮ǰڿеʱȻҶʵЩӣҶʵϢȷʵЩӵˡ
Ҷҧһ⣬Լ˹ҲҪһЩˡٴεİԼϢ۷壬г
һߵŻ棬ҪӯһЩƻһߵĽģҪһЩ
˫˭û˭˭ûʹκεĻǽһн
顭첻ϣͬĶŽȻͬϢľĽǽɫǻƵĸնˣǻƵְǽɫȼˡ
ʵڲƽⶼˣȻ˲䱬ѿˡķɻңʲôû
˵ҶӦռϷģΪǻſֲĻ棬һеĳĶĿǡ߲ʵĻһݲȻǲڻµˡ
ߵǰͺ̵ĳ˴˽оҽ֮Уٴεĳ޵˻
죬һҽг˳ƵХˣһͷͻǲǿĽϷ˹
޵ĺϣҲǷһСȫһ˳ˡ
ҶɫͬĶ
ȻĸӦһǶӦޣȫҵһԼҪֳһ£˭ǿ˭
߶˸£ȫھʱǷֲµġҪֳ££Ҫ˭ֲסԪ޷άֵ˰ɡһĻӦǻռ·ġҶʵģҪԪȥġҲ̫żһĵİɡ
໥ĳҶʿǷǳѻġΪԼİ취ԸԼҶҪܹƽǾˡ
Ҷһתʱһơ
һУеһǺ˳ǹҫͬʱеǳмӳ֡
ǺһչսСǱǳ֮ƺƵ˲ѻġгһж޵ˡ
ԭƾеĳ棬ת˲ͱ˻һİˡ
ѧͬǳһȼŵǺӣȫеաǳ˵Ҫ˺ܶġȻסһľ棬ǲܹذܾ֡
Ҷд󶨣Էܹ̻ȫǱϾǿ̻ģԭĶԭԣǻıˣȫˡ
ܹͨǳǺӣǱޱȵġôһʹȻǲܹǹˡ
ҶһУе·ֱҶʵ֮ϡ
Ҷʸ߾˫֣£̫̫֮תҶΪĴﵽһƽ⡣
Ҷʾô޴壬һԽڶޣŻ˹ȥ
˫ǰһңкǻɳȥԶٵҲҶʸòȣ˲ʧˡ
ԶԶȹס壬ǻٴչˡѧģг޴򡣲ŶǺͮͮģȼŻ档
Ҷ£׼˻ҡŲ֪ʲôĶҲҶʶ˼¡ÿһζǿѪɣܹҶƥеġ
Ż򣬶ҶʸˡǵһģǴǿҵĻϢ壬Ը˻дáҶʵ̫̫໥ϣӵĿֲĻҽġϵӴܡ
ҶһҲû鷳ҵ˷ǻҶ˵ҲԭǸˣû̫вˡ
䡱䡱䡱ҶһδεĻ˻Ҫǻÿ죬ҪҶʸѿ˵ġ
Ҷһε׷˻̫̫űһΣֱӰѻŪжݵѣʱ䡣Ҷһ͹һչѻ˽ȥˡ
ͬʱҶʷųȫ˻ȥѹеĻ
ҶʵУ˲˹ˡһת˲ԼĴˡ
ҲûоţֱӰԼǵҲ˳ˡŵ󣬾ȻҶʵصˡ
ıǴҶ̻ȥģȻҶʵ̬һģһġ
ҶʱɫˣȫתȫԪע˽ȥɫһǽϼģӵĲˡ


788 Ųţ
䡱һ˲䣬жȼˡȻʱûʲôʧеһУ΢΢ĲͿҪֲס˵ˡ
Ҷʴ󾪣еǺӣƬǿնݵĶסǿ·һеһС
ҶһˣʱûκεΣյˡ񲻹ܵôķûа취ʲô˵ˡ
ȻֻϵģֻҪģ海ңҶʾûа취İĵˡ
ھҪ˭ȼֲסˡҶҪ϶ܹӳġңҶʵ϶ǻһЩ˵ġ
Ҫȼֲס˵ĻǵŻĿ϶ǱҶʸĥ˵ġҶʲܸһεĻᣬҲʲôܡ
ҶֱˣԼ󣬲ϵļڵ󣬲ǴĽɫˡѾȾһˡ
Ƕǳһ£ϣҶʵط˹ˡڵĻǲʲôΣյˣҪҶܹܲƷġʱǿܹܲæġ
Χصת˼ȦģҶʵ֪˵ġҶûʲôޣҲûڴҵǰôƴʹùġ
ԣʣǵһεļǰ֪ôӴ
УͬϥģҶģ۾
룬ͬʱתڵԪڲϵҪеĻȥġʱûʲôصģȻõĹʱˡ
ҪǧҪֱӵĹҶȻ۾ǶΧһиӦġ
ӦǶǻ뷨ҪԶ֣ҶʲòֹˡǻҪǹĻᣬܵҶʵ
ڵ󣬱һȥҶתҲ̫ġûа취ǵĹֱ͸ȥġ˵һܵıȻҶʵ˵ͻ˲䷴˹
ǵԪһЩ֮ǰ̫ˡҶ룬Ȼ󿪿˵
û˵ʲôֱߵҶʵתԪڵԪȻ󻺻Ҷʵ˽ȥˡ
õ˴Ԫ֧֣ҶʵɫǺһЩˡҶʵϢǿҲűøӵĿֲˡ
ڲĻǵһʱ͸Ӧ˵ġɫ˲ޱȵĲ԰ס۾ͿҶһȺˡ˲˹Ⱦ˱ĥˣڵҶԪӵĳˣĴӵΣյˡ
Ҷʣ㲻ҪҡһǷˣԼǻẦµġ񿪿вҶʣҪҶ֡
㣬ܹô㷨ܹҺΡˣԺҲû˻񡣡ҶЦԷѾǱԼˣĥԷҲһʱ⡣
ʱ򣬶ԷȻҿвԼⲻЦʲô
ãܺãõĺܡҵģҲҪǵ汳ˣ˫жҫһֱ̬˷ܡ
ҶʸоѾﻢˡ˫ǲݵľ棬ץס˶Էǲܾôķ˵ġ
忪ʼѣûһ˿ѪҺֹѣǸµĴһһһơ
߲ʵɫ˳ǹѵƤ
ͬܲģ߲ʵĹâǻûᣬ˵Ѿ֪ĺˡֻǾĿҶ¶аЦݡ
֮ԴôֱˣҪʲô߲ʵĹâˮ񾪺
Ҷһ㶣֮ǰǸоԷϢǳĹ졣ԭǰеĻ֮Դǿеת˳ˡԷһʼǴˡ
ڣдĻ֮ԴˣҶʵӴ˲ҵȼˡ
Ҷʱɫֻ棬ȻѹԼĴ·ڻ˵ơһоƣ̫ˡǺúݣԼݣҶʸӵĺݡ
ҲѾˡҪ֣뿪ôˣպٷָ¡ҪǲӦҾ֮ȼˡϧ˵棬ҪΪǿһЩܹˣҲܹ׵ĥҡǶǼ衣ȻҪȫѿˣЦȴʮֵĿģʮֵƽһ㶼Լܹܲסһġ
Ҷʾ÷ǳͷۣŶԷߡѾǵõԼˣҪо鷳ˡţٵԼҲܵǣ


789 ιιιҵģ
Ҷ룬Ȼܿľ˾ˡţǾԲܵˡԷѾ֪Լ㹻ܵˡ
ڶԸô鷳˵ġҪǵȻ˳ȥ֮󣬸һʱ֪ԷܹܹԼܶ͸˵ġ
ҶʲҪģǶԷûȫĳ͸ԼܣǽֻӵѶԸˡ
ˣ˶ԷһأһأָôءѵԷһôвһֱôõôһֲƵġ
ҷšҶʴһΧͬ鶼¶һĨɫеĻ˫һԵһġҶʺܿĽһ仰ʱûһ¡ҷƨ
ҪĲзǳǰģΪǿ˵ϻ϶ܹһġǰôĺã˭Ҫʱȥء
ҳȥҳȥҲĲҪˣû֮ǰôĵڴĺšҪҶʷһ·ܣԼԷǳСġ
㲻ͺ˵鶼һΪµŬҪһڸʲôʱǡ㣬¼˵ö֮ġҶʿڴţöԷ뷨ǳĿЦ
ΪʲôƨĻҪ߹һЩΪʵǿͿʲôʲô鲻þͿԳɱɱˣ㷸˴˶Ҫԭ㡣ʲôƨ߼ҶĵҪ˻ˡ
ߣߡҾԲڸ鷳һԴһȥĻĺ֡񲻶ϵţҶǿһ
ģ֮һѰҵġң֮Ҳܹ׵ķĵˡҶʲˣĵҪѶԷɱˡ
ҶʣҪҡҲʲôģڵġ񿴵ҶӲԵˣǳеĿ鰡ʲôģ˲ˡٴδ˷Цݡ
䡱߲ʵĻ棬ȫӻгˡȫˣԭֻһ߲ʵĻ档
Żոճ֣Χ¶Ѹٵˡ󶼱׵ĵȼˣڲϵŤڻ˵ơ
Ҷǳ׵ıɫˡе߲ʵĻƵǹ޾βܹѹסǻˡֻ΢΢ļ˻ɢٶȡ
ҶʣѾûвȵˡųĻţԻ͵ȥúõܰɣҴŭ𣬽ҵķŭɡ߲ʵĻУ˻ĿЦûжڼȥĺ£һַ
Ҷû˵ΪҶûп˵߲ʵĻ棬Ѿӵⲿ˵ġҶǶò뿪һЩ
Ҷǲ֪ôˡҶ룬ûʲôܹӦǰˡ
ԵĴһƬǺӣǰ˽ȥʣµģֻܹˡ
ʱһİӡš
ʱĻ棬һķӡڻˣɶһЩڲŻϢĶ¶һƣһЩ߲ʵϼ
ĻѸٵıˣڻʧٶ̫죬гһԪС
Ҷһ㶣еı仯ҶʺܿľǸо˵ġожųˡЩ֮Ļ涼˻ȥˣڲĻ滹ܵ˲ɿܵ
ʲô񾪿ֵˣڣҶʵһµǰ첻ˡʲô֮Դˮ֮Դ֮ԴôôĶࡣ
еĻȫʧˣĵһȭͷСĶ˵Ŀ⡣һҫŻâҺ壬Ĳš
Ҷ˲عˣ֮ǰʱϴ˻ӡԼеĶؼѪľȻйѪҺľеġ
ôһ˵Ҷ뵽һµ顣֮ǰ񿪿ھ֮ԴȸֵĶԼûеģһŵѪľ֮󣬻ôľġ
ѵͬľ֮󣬵õ˶Ӧ֮Դ
ǺпܵİҶҪǰѻˣѻ֮ԴҲȥǻ᲻һεžƷʵء
ιιιҵġ
ιιιҵġ
ιιιҵġ
ιιιˮҵġðɣԷһ㡣


790 
Ҷ뵽ˣЩͬ뵽ˡһĶޱȵǹģǼֱɫ̫Ҷֻһ£۾Ϲˡ
Ҫڵ̫ԾӡҪǶҶʵУǹô뷨Ҳĳȥİ
ûпôţĻ񣬽ȥ֮󶼱ҶʸŪûƢôҪҶͬⱻһүүͷ˵Ļǲԥģ˲Ҷʮεˡ
ҶʲòˣЩһЩʲô˸ˡڹҶʻԷǳ׺ݵġǶˮҶʾûа취ôĲˡ
ȻҶʲʱˮŪʲôϵľġǲܹˮ񹲻ѹһεʱġҶʲôôˮҲҪӣҶôĶҪˮһЩġ
һŻĹǻ˹ȥһƵĻϢÿһƶֱӰѻѹķѵˡ
ѾǱǻ֮Դȼ˸ɾˡ˻֮Դǻ񣬻ǻ֮ԴֻԪвţǻĸˡ
ǻ֮Դɵ屻ѹˣԪ˲ͳ˳
ҲûȥܻԪ񣬶Ԫûһ˿ȤֱӰѻ֮Դȡ˽ȥˡ֮󣬻ŨһЩ߲ʵĹâһЩ
һŹŴһ˿޵ĲƺҪܡϿͻȻһ·鲼ϿգЩ·Ҷǰûмӡ
鲼յ·ѹٵСǻ˹ȥУϵ𶯣Ҫֱܵķûʲôá·Ϊ׼ġ
ܿģ·ҲСȭͷĴСͰһŻΧӡһ
ֱѹٴγһһƵ·ǻٴһһİֱʲôӦΪֹġ
ңԼ⵽˶ʼɣġһŻµķӡУǶͬʱתͷҶʡҶʸϽĿڽͣԼĹϵƲ塣ⱾҶʵôܹ˵ȫû˿ĸϵء
һУھСֻһŲԪĻҶʴин˳ֵĸץСҲǱҶʸˡǣǵ
ԪҶʵвϵΪӦ˻ʲô³ˣܿľֻһĵ·ˡ
ȥɡɻûʲôôġҶֱһ󣬾ͰѻԪˡ
Ԫ󷢳һȻͳ׵ʧˡӴûлĲ˵˵ѵˡ
ԪڿٵʧҶʿٵʶȥץѰһЩԼ֪ģԼȤĶ
ԷʶѾʧ˴ˣȫҶʷҵĺܿ죬ܿľҵԼҪĶˡ
ԭУǸ׳ģ˾εĻĲ߻֮һ֮ǰ˻Ļ֮Դһģǹдġ
ôѡеĻͲ֪ˡʶҲûⷽļ䡣
ȥʱûԶֻǿٵƷ˻Ȼڵλõˡ
;۷ȥμˡ
֪Ҷȥ磬ǹİѶҶʵˡҶûоĵҲǻõġ
ҶȥԾȻһҶġû뵽˾ȻˡųǸʯ̣ⰵеǿ߸˿ռ䣬Ǿˣһ֡һͨҲܹȥˡ
һУ񶼸ţȻ֪ġûаʲôæʱ򣬻֮Դ϶ȻûڵĸߣһôûӴ
ǰеǿ߹ûţһŵı֣ͬҲԼʵȥ񣬸һЩľġ
Ҷϸ˼ţʱ򣬻ԪͻȻһõĵ⡣Ҷ˹
Ҷ˲䷴ӳ˹˫õĽɫĽ⣬⵶Ժ䡣
ԷôġҶʱķӦˣҶʱԷˣüĳһ˺ۣѪҺδ¡
ߡҶһһֱӰǻԪ׵Ĵޡ
ɵӣȻһֱΪԷǶȫΡŵʵǿ˾ͷˮġû뵽ԷڻԪ˼ǺáƽʱʲôãһˣǾܹɱ˻ˡ


791 ӡ
ˣǳ׵ĲܹˡԼԼŪûȫʬȻֱҶʸŪˡ
ԺҪѵСӲҪµˡ˵СѲҪ㿴Ļ񣬶Լûˡ
Ҷֲ̧˶ͷϵѪȻԷĹأҶʷӦҲǷǳļʱġоǣصĶٵĴʶǿԵġҪҶʵƤǾЩˡ
ҶʵЩ󣬵ǹ˲Լ֮ǰ֮ԷΪ밮˿˵ԭ
ѾǱԼˣҶһ硣̧һֱӳ˰ǵԱߡ
ڵİϵˣѾǱһˮϵʹϵʹκˡڵϷ׵ˡΪεʮֵļʱ˵ûʲô̫⡣
ڰ˿ȫǱ˹ȥڻڳ˯һʲô鶼ûеˡ
ҶʸмĶʹ˵ͷŵʹİ֣вͣظŲ
֮ǰҶħ״̬ǶķǳġȻռơǺҶҵ˽İ취ˣ˲䷢Ҷʣ̫µˡĻһƢûеˡ
󣬸ǵڵİѻɱˡĻȻϣȷʵǱȹҪǿ˲֪һˡ
Ҳ˵ܹɱĻҶʣֻӵǿˡһǿߣȻǵлô̹ȻĽܵء
ΪҶʵ̫ˣڷ»Щ鸡ӵġҶҲûйĸлֱԭ£ĿϢ
ҲǸϿĹˣԶΧһԲҲǱĿϢͬʱǸӦΧһУٴγһһˡ
˿Ȼڳ˯Ƕص츳ڷõġҶʻָǳĿ졣ȻҶԪǳİԵûʲôȻյĹ̡Ǳ˿ԪѾǹ˹˵ģҲʡȥҶʵһЩ鷳¡
Ҷ۾ʱ򣬰˿ѾѹˣҶʵһ߱۴ҶгһĨᡣУҶʾѾ֪ˣԪͻȻŨࡣ
ҲѾ˹ˡɫʧѪЩ԰֮⣬岢ûʲô󰭡
㻹ŵסɣҶʿŰףѯʡ
û£ŲסˣҶŵס׻Ҷһ䡣ҶʴȰȳ˵ͷ
һ֮ǰĺеλáһǿķӡϸܵ·ܹ˵۾ġ
ӡȻǿ󣬵ûһ˿Ϣɢʾʩչӡ˵ǿ
ˡ֮ǰʱǾѾоˡӡ֮ӦþܹĻĺˡ϶һƬռ䡣ңռ仹Ӧ÷ǳǿ󡣡濪ڣĸҶʽš
֮ǰҶʵϢʱǾѾео˵ġֱӰоĽ˵˳Ҷȥ̽һ
ȻսҶʣ˶࣬ǵļʶӦҶʱȲϵġңҵĽ۶ͬģԿԷǳ϶ĸҶʡ
Ҷʵͷʾ⣬Ҳǳ͵͵еûȥٴεļ顣
ôܹӡأҪעһЩʲôҶʿѯʣͬʱЩڴ浽Ǹʲô磬Ļĺֵ˭
ֱעԪƻӡƽͺˡ浭˵
÷ǳĺգ֮ǰ˵ĵӵġû뵽ûйãԼ˵ĵطҵ˴ѰҵĿꡣ
ң뵽սǵ汲棬ȻҲ档ŸɫЩȻġ
ҺӡڰҺһſʼ쳣İҪӡǿֱƿˣս׵ľû˵İɡ
ҪǲһսǼûûôǿҲǳŲס쳣ʱİɡ
ڣʱûȥעŸġ֮ǰ˭סİǶҪˣǶǰˡ
ǾҪӡ򿪣ȻɱȥѶԷ׵Ĳˡ
ҶŴҵ˵ͷ˶ʼתԪȻͬʱǷӡһԪ
ҵԪͬʹԪӵĲͬˣб˴ġ
ôӵԪһ˲ıֱǷӡ֮ϡ
Ƿӡܵĳ˲춯ҵĲһԻȻѸٵĳȥ˷˺ܶΡ
䡱ڣǷӡƽⱻˡе·˳ˣȻ˲ˣʧ˿С
һֲĹâޱȵŨ


792 
ǹâޱȵĴ׳ޱȵŨᴩʣδ֪磬Ҷ
ҶǶ˿һεľ룬ĵȴš֪ӡˣʲôĶҪǿ̫ˣûлع͵ùˣľǿˡ
ǹâɺתڣڵŨī֭ͿҪ˳һޱŨ
ҶǶǾһ񣬾ûдˡڵ˼ģȻŨľǵˮˡ
ڻڲֵ죬ʲôڻһѵһʼһ͵ĶҶЩǣǸĻڴˡ
һֱŵӣͣ¡¡죬ض΢΢Ļζʲôǹ
ˡҵжͬʱðһͷ
ڹٴγ˲ûмɢڻʧڿٵıðȥ
ڹɢȥ¶ڲĶˡ
һŻϵһЩֲͼħġÿһ඼ޱȵң沿ǻŵһġ
ţźСܿķΧȼ͵Ļ棬һĸо
ڴֵԩŭҲһֿµħܹ˵ʶ
תԪҶʵһʱ͸о˲ԣĺ𵽡ɫԪĹâ̵˸ÿһ˶ȫתԪԼСЦ
ҶǾͷ⵽ǴһôĲĵطءûнȥҲûʲôˣѾôаˡǺ·ǳĲߵİɡ
еһĹޡͬģ԰
˸ǿҵһƺƵģĿֲһǿߡ
ҶǶһ㶣û뵽ôһط
Ȼǰ˵Ҳ˵طûУ˭Ҳ˵ˡΪûκ˼ʲô֤ȥ˵ôһطء
ҶʵĴġΪҶôһطˡеյĹޡΪʲôֻҪģյĽ֮󣬾ҪµǴҵ˵
˵֪ʲôʱʼġͻȻһġǴ鹹һ
ңҶ磬ǼصġڲǿܹǿߵĹˡ
ǣĽءﲻ˻ŪģΪ˴ǿߵȡ·ȻԼϡ
ҲǸʱҶʾһЦҲܹһС͵ĵˣ󲻹˻
ǣʵʵڵĳһҶʺ𾪣Լ˵ĶͻȻֳԼǰҶʷкǲƽģǲ֪׸ôݡ
ǺˣȻǿҵĵǴٴεĴһϵϵģȻһ㶼а
ôôʲôҰԼŪİɡҶʿڴȣûΪԷ˾й˼ɵġ
ҶʿȲ˵٣˼Ĵ˵ǲһġģôء
˼ʲôĶûˡ֮ô˵ˣܶʱ򣬻߱˸ӵĿֲġ
˶ȻҶԵҽ㣬֪ǲĴڵġҶʵʣǰеǿߣȻЩŭġ
ͷźϱ۵ħ˻𡣰һƬʬɽѪһҶʳ˹
Ҷʾһ㱣ܿľͻعⶼǼ󣬲ʵĶһ־ϵĹһЩʵʵġ
ȣҶʿڴ𣬽ɫһɢһ˲Ͱǿֲľˡ
ҶʵĽɫԪſЩáһٵĻ룬Ȼǲڻµġ
زصˡһöûСҪ֤ôϽԼҿʲôװŪġҶʺǿֲľ󻹲㡣ɫǰǸߴŻϵײϵ͵Ĺ𲻶ϵһڵ
ãȻҾ㣬عĻϵٴδ˳ϵͼħӰ˳ڴŵмײһһӰ


793 
Ӱĳ֣ſ֮ϣǿտ˺ܶӡ٣ǿտһ˵ġ
ΪħͼУһһĴڵġЩ˵ľٶġЩӰ˳һ塣Ȼſճһˡ
ΪЩӰ˳ԭͼбƷ˵ħûѹƣǸ˹һһ˻ţһϵҪſѳ
ȥǸߴӰһѾſ̽˴ӵӰȫȥˡ
ҶſӰȫòͷһԳǣɫƬֺͽſצӵӡһͬɫĳβҡڣҫŵɫĹâ
ģʮֵˣȻһࡣⲻ֪һʲô塣
ôģôҪôɫĹ￴ҶЦţɺѪͷ촽¶һڰɭɭݰݳ
װŪľ㣿ҲôôôôĴءҶ͸ԷĵϸԷϢûһ˿¶ģҶȫӦġҪǶԷģ࣬ķʽ̫ڵرˣҶʾԲŶԷһߵġ
Ȼ͸ԷҶЩɵҶһ˲ģǲڿͷϷŹԷġ
ңҶôˣ֮ǰпõ֣ȻǲẦµġ
ˣɡôʵѪζѾûŵİǹﲢŭ˵ͬʱһһɫ
ףζôôζӣ֮ǰ룬롣˵ָŶͷһʳָ׵ûţһ˼ӡŶˣ˻ɡ̫ûгˣҪˣֲôζӡ첻ܹԵһֱζܹȫһֱԸҲţɺã
Ҷʵ˶һ㶣Ȼ˲عˡԷĿǼʶ˻ġңҪ˻ɱȻ֮ϡ
֮ϲû˻ӰԷ϶ûӴɹġȻôҪôǿʵܵء
ңԷ֪ǲǴɵ˻塣ҪǵĻǾ鷳ˡܹɵ˻彻֣ûг׵ıɢʧġǵô
оǣſ֮ϵǿߵ壬ʵˡǿߵ壬Էɱ֮Ȼӡſ֮ϡ
ǿ˵ֱһ裬ɱ˻㡣һ˲䣬ҪԷõıҪúˣܹĲ״ʤߵ̬
İ취ҫԼսչԼս̫޳ˡֱЩɥĲˡ
ҶġгֱӺɱͿˣҶʾŰʬˡ
ǴҶʺ޺޵һ䣬һԼеĲޡ
ˣûϵܵɡЩ֮Ĵ͵õϡ۹ЦţûаҶʵĻһ¡ǴҪǸǸĻڻĻĺܶණˡЩɵ黹ôǶšΪʲôҪǴ
Ҷʲ˵ˣҲû˽ӻˡȷʵԷ˵ûдֻҪ飬ֻҪǻ飬黹˵ô
ҪǴôĻǲ֪Ҫˡ
Ͷֱֵ࣬¼°ɡҶҲԷķϻˡ˵ûã˵ᱻԷ˼ȥˡ
ŶڿʲôءҪǴɵ˻壬Ҽֱתܡϧ㻹ǣѾܵҵǰˡ۹ǳıҶʣһ㶼Ҷʿ۾ˡ֪ǾԵţ˵ΪԻҶǵжϡ
Ҷʲ룬˻ŵġңôҲʲôöûеġҶһֱӳȥģҲһӵġҶֱӳ˶ԷһֱСĵĽ䱸ŵġ
䡱һ죬һɫӰٵ˻صˤ˵ϡҳһӡ
ʲôôܡǶˣֱԼ۾ҶʾȻոһӴͱ˻
ҿҶˤ߻صӣԴκˡ
⻹ǶԽĶеһΰܵ˵ĳ׵ġǱþѹסЩУҲûôҵӡ
ΣոһӴȻֱӾͱԷˡ


794 
Ҷʶ֪׷ʲôȷӦʱѾǵڵλõˡ
ҶӣӶҪ˵ӡԷйݵİֱҶʶЩܲ˵ӵˡ
Էٶ̫죬Ҳǲġǣ֮ǰĶԻԷһˣôûгʤ׷ءҶЩ벻׵ˡ
̫ˣ̫ˡսֱ۸㡣һ˼ûеġ죬ҵעҪһ˻Ӱˡ˷ܵİ۵Ĺ￴ҶʣޱȵĿġľڿһƷһˡ
ҶվҡҡͷͷһЩ۹һЩ˼ɫ
ҶʵϢϣٴεĳ˶ԷҶʾǲаΪĲ۹һʲôԼûзֵĵط
Էܹ˵ĿµĻӦ÷ŹԼģҲӦһȭֻǰԼˡ
ǣҶŻǲŵģʵҶʸոճȥӰûпٴαԷһȭ˳ˡ
һΣҶһЩ׼ˣȻû̫ڵҵӡ廹صĵ˵֮ϵˡ
ͬģԷһڽѵͽܵģ˵ڵĳһû׷ҶʣҶʵ˳Ȼڻ
ҶӣٴˡһΣҶʵϴЩЦݵˡǶԷĻҶӦþ֪𰸵ˡ
֮ǰôĿǰҸסˡ룬һʼսҪŻҵİɡҶ˫۽ĶŶԷĿ۹ÿһϸ΢ϵı仯
㵽Ҫ˵ʲô۹ϾûôӴģҶôһ˵Ϊ¶ʲôǳ׺ݵĶҶʺš
׺ݵı飬Ҷʲû¶һ˿ĺµģǷǳĿġ֮ǰҶʻǷǳȷӣҶʿԷǳ϶˵ԼѾ˶Էˡ
㲢ĴڵİɡӦ۳ĹҲ˵šڵġϵġҶһ˵ţһ߿ŶԷɫҶʵԤ֮⣬Էɫڲϵı仯ġ㲢û壬һжŸģ˵ҲΪġˣ㲻뿪̫ԶžҪء㼸ΰҸɣû׷Ϊԭİɡ
ô֪ģ۹˼Ļһ䣬ܿľͷӦ˹ԣ˵ĶԡеӾٹһΣξɱ㡣㻹ҲСҡ
ǹ˻ţıšҶͻȻԼ̫ڵаһˣȻ۸ôһǿʵһܵĶͯˡ
ҶôȥأԷķӳܹ˵ˣٹȥԼԼ鷳ԼԼҲڵİ
ңҲһҪȥܹ֤ԼĲİҶֱǰһǺӴ䣬裬ɫĺںƵȻЩǼٵģõģҶʵĹ
Էԭûжǹȫ͸۹ԶȥˡÿһǷǳ׼ȷˣÿһû۹Էܹʵ֮תһġ
Ҷˣ֮ǰôĪˡԷٶȷǳĿ죬ҪþܹãҪʵܹʵġԷȫԭزĹȻͻȻ乥㡣
ƴһЩˣܹ뿪̫ԶȻĻƶ˭ܹء
ȻһЩҶд󶨵ˡ٣֪ôԸԷˡ
Ҷٴεǰ˹ȥһ֮ǰĶһġûʲôҲûʲô
۹ЦţҪҶʸ׵ŪˡҶʼȻѾǷܵˣȻǲܹҶʳˡ
Ҷһȭ˹ȥǹ΢΢ҡ£˲ıҶǹ彻Ŵ˹ȥ
۹ʵһ֣׼ҶʷҫŵȭͷĵҶʵĶӡ
žһƤ⽻𡣲һβҶʱᡣɫεץһֻҫŵȭͷҶץס˶ԷĹ
ôܣ۹Щ벻סҶʶѾǹȥ˵ģûп󡣻йʱ䣬ԼģҶôܹ׼ȷץסԼȭͷء
ôܡҶһĻӦšɫԪŶԷ˳ȥ˲ȵöԷ˵ٴεʵҶץŶԷֱۣһֱ֣Ӱ۹Ķ˳ȥˡ


795 
ҶʱҪֱӸ۵ĹһºݵģҶͻȻıעˡ֮ǰӵ˦ȥˣҶʾ÷ǳûӣȻҪͬİ취Էˡ
ʱҶ˹ˡ۹ȫǻ˵ˣһЩر𣬵ǾԲ֮ǰĸ˵ļеôĿŵġ
Ҫ㲻֪Ըİ취Ļһǿֲޱȵġ֪˶ԷˣҲ뵽˶ԸԷİ취ˣȻǷǳɵˡ
ʵ֮ǰҶҲûʲôرĶǿ˶ԷĹİ취ˣŽƾͼƵġ
һȭȥŴ򿪵ġԷܹĿȻǻϵĳֹġ
֮ǰȫ֪Էص㣬֪Էܹʵ֮תһˣлд㵣Ȼűһֲġ
֪˶ԷҪ֪˶ԷôĹҪǻԷУҶĿȥˡ
Ҷʻʱˡһȭ֮󣬶ԷʵȭͷҶʴʱٶǱһЩġһֱ˷ҶҲܹܿĵסԷĹ
֮ǰ󻰲˵ķǳôħôҪץɵ˻ӡôôģȻûдɣϻǷǳˡҶ۹ǳĲ
ʲôħĻֻ˵ǹƨƾŲǹŹֵԣЩܹɱЩǿߣҶǲŵġ
۹ʲôû˵ܿĴӵˡٶȷɿ죬ֱҶ˹ˡ
ҶʰԼʶȫɢ˳ȥˣվԭأûж֮ǰҶʳ۵ĹһˣڵǶԻһµġ
۹壬Ҷʵһ͸ġȻҶͻȻҲѧˡ֪취ҶҲѧġ嶼ʵ壬ǲԼʧġ
Ȼ۹һǸУûдʱֱӹҶʵˡңôֱҶʳǿ϶ǲҶʵˡ
䡱ҶʿҲûпֱײ˹ȥǹҶʺĵײһȥˡ
ҶҪԷĴˣǹҲ˷ˡһֱ֮ȥˣ˲Լˡ
ҶʵĺĹȻ˵ġԷԼ壬Ȼ˵ı£ޱȵǿİ٣Ҷû̫õİ취ˡ
ֻܹڶԷһ˲䣬ȻԷ⻹ҪҶʵķǳ׼ȷжϣȻ˵жԷ
ֵķΧڣ̫ѲˡͻľֲĴܹöԷ̫ܵ˺ֻһɵЧǴ֮Ͷһ޵Ĳ˲Ǿ޴ɢȥˡ
۹һһ㣬ڿѸٵһתֻۣһҶʳ˹ˡ
ǹ岻ϵҶصַֿģ˲ϵĽ֣һľ졣
ҶȻûܵʲô˺Ҳû˵ԷӡϵĹֻǻһδεľ޴졣ҶʾúǷ꣬ҪһǳˣϵΧȥģܹصʲôо
ҶǾ÷ǳĲˬġһ߾ţһȥҪѶԷŵķΧ
ǣҶʸ߹Լ˵ǵ͹Ŷ۹ơ
Ҷʼζǰǹϵ˱ԵѾҪ׼ºֵˡ˲䣬ǹڱԵشȥˣȻ˲ߵˡ
Ҷʴ˻üζץסսȻ˲º֡ǻģҲǹһδεĳصĴΪȫķҲǽ˱ӵˡǹﰤҶһӺݵģȻҲǻҶһӺݵˡ
顱Ҷʼͷܵػֱӱõ˳ȥصײſ֮ϡ
ſϵĵѸٵǻһ־Ҷץ˹ˡ
Ҷһֱӱסˣƴڲȥ
ҶʱͲģȻЩۻĶץסˣӵĲˡϵĽɫԪǻһȼһ
ԪЩзǳĿƵáǹﲢûħʵϵĵƣȻٵĶˡ
ҶʵԪôһգܿľ˻ȥ
ҶĴһ£йԼеķŭʱԶŵ۹Ҳ˲ľֳ塣Ҷûע⵽
۹оΣգȻҶʻû˼۹ܵôĶ࣬ٵҶʳ˹ȥˡ
ֻһĿģǾҶʸϽס֡


796 ôģ
Ҷʻûлعʱ򣬶ԷǷһҶʳ˹ˡҶʺܿľ͸оˣȻתͿ۹ڵĳ˹ˡ
Ҷʶŵˣ֮ǰôήģôôĸ˵ءҶЩ㲻׵ӡ
Ȼ벻ףҶʻǺܸ˵ġ֪ΪΣԷȻûԼ壬ôֱ㶵ĳ˹ˡ
ۣһȭŶԷ˹ȥˡ۵ĹȻ˵ǾĶ˵ġҶѾģûа취ѵˡ
䡱۵ĹûκģֱӾͱ˳ȥˡҶʱ׼ģػᵹ˼
Ҷ˼ŷ֣ȫԼԼѹ˼ĵ˵ġԷĹԼȫûʲôá
ôˡҶСֹţû뵽õ𰸡
֪ˣ۹ҲҪ￪ڻشİ
ԷͻȻģٶȡҶʾֵǣԷȻûȥ
ǹҶʵʵһȭĲſվˡڵϱĴ˼Ȧͣ
ҶʾϷ֪Էǳ⣬ǴͻȻ·ˡⶼ¶ⶼҶʵ¶Ҷֻ֪һѵĹĻᡣ
ҶһԾֱǵſŵĹ˹ȥһȭǹ˹ȥ
䡱Ҷһȭ˹壬ʵʵĺ˵ϡʯ𣬵϶˺üϸܵơ
Ҷɫһ䣬ϽĳƣɫצӶԺһҶһ˼ڵԼһġ
䡱Ҷʻһɫص֮ϡȫĹͷҪɢˡͬʱǹٴһֱԻ˳ˡ
ոһȭҶʾȻˡҶʵȭͷҪǹϵʱԵĿǹεģٴεˡ
ҶһȭǴ˹壬ֱӴ˹ȥġûдʵек֮ϡ
û갡۹ſڴһٴεҶʳ˹ˡ
Ҷʾ÷ǳĪʲôԼûꡣԼʲôˣһδεĹǺİɡ
ëҶСֹһӣȻĶų˹Ĺ
ããáţȻûСûᡣ
ҶΪǶԷУûмŹһֱĬ⣬ǿԷԼĹΧˣûȥͼҶʾûˣֱһȭ˶Է֮ϡ
֮ǰȫͬԷٶʲôͻȻķǳĵ͡ҶһȭͰѶԷ˳ȥˡ
룬ҶʻǾõֵסջ󣬱Ͼ̫ᡣֱӸŶԷ׷ȥȭҡ
һȭͬٴδ˶Է壬ûдʵ塣ǹٴһȭҶʴ˹
ϵˣҪҶЦһ£ұ˲ĺڣԼǰ
ԹҶûôɵҪǿ˲١һȭûȫܹʱֱСȻһȭˣﷴмסˡ
ȻûˣǶԷͻȻı󣬻ǰҶʸ˳ȥײ֮ϣǹʵ
۹ﶢҶʣ˫ĿǰδеķŭҶһ£Ȼ˲֮ǰļΣԼĹײӡȻܹжԷ
ԷһУŸģȻҶһ˹
ǹ￴ҶͻȻЦǷǳգܵľЩԾˡǻһҧҶʳ˹ǰҶһ£ֻҪǰҶʸϳͺ˵ġ
ڹ嵽ǰʱǹﶼ˰׼ΪһֱţϾЩ΢΢ĳ鴤ͺѾһļǰĿʼӳˡ
ȻҶʳˣ֡סǹĲӣʱǶǰյøոպõˡ
ҶʵȻûаѶԷȥȥˣԼҪųȥʱ˷ˣָ˶ԷϢʱˡ
ŹﲱӵҶתİǹ֮ϡ
㻹淴ơҶʲƲӣִЩ㡣ҶʻŹĲӣһȭһȭڶԷк
Ҷʲ²һ㶼ûдĴµܹţĻްЩȶûа취黯ԼҶʵĹܿľͱҶʴϲˡ
ôģԷ˵Щˡ
Ҫײϣ㲻ôļгҪҡҪ뿪֮㻹ܱҹҾͲῴˡҶʷ˷ۡ


797 ڤ֣
ҶǾܰ׳ա۹ܰ׳գԼȻشˣӵİ׳ա
ҶʾãﲻǷǳİ׳գǳıҪҶԼҲô׵ľͱָ˵ġֻҪװһ¾ͺˣһֱѾԼֲһֱġ
ֻ˵ҶʹҪ֮󣬾ͷǳĽţ̫ڵĻҾͰԼ¶˳ˡ
ΪϵĻްһֱҶʸ𶯵Ĳȶܹӳϵľͷǳϡ١ûмӳ֣ˣٶҶ˵ӵġ
ҶµģͰɢˣһƵǴ֮ϳ˹ȥ
ҶԪ𶯣˴룬ЩӴ˻ȥˡҶҲ⣬ѾûӴʲôвˡ
һ˫ȭͷ߾٣ɫԪ죬ҶֶǴ֮һµ˹ȥ
Ų֪ʲôʵģҶңȻҵ죬֮ϵĵƺ·ϵ춯ҶʾȻûҳһ˿ƳҶʾúǲ˼ġ
Ҫ֪ܹҶ׵۶ϵģȻûа취κһš
ˡһ춯ٵȻѸٵİεضֱ˺ն˽ȥ
Ҷڵһʱͷ쳣ˣǰȥһ޴Ľɫĥ
һĴһӵˣҶʵһ˴ϣһ޴ӡ
ȻǰеǿߣŻٵˣȻٻˡҪôıҶʸ
ǲ֪ر壬˵ŻһЩرãܹôĻٻ˵ġ
Ŷֵ֮ǳ׵ľû˵ġǰĵ·βǳ׵ĳˡ
һȼͻĵ·ԭģһ㶼ûΥ͸СǣȷȷʵʵһƬǿյġ
Ҷ̧ǰȥҲǿٵĸϡ֮ǰҶڵֻһѹáǽ·֮󣬿¾ͻǳΣյˣ´Ҷ뵽С鷳ˡ
·ǳرһ㶼оڴԽռ䡣ԭʹôһ·ġ
֮󣬷ǳĿտûκεΣյӡֻҶǵĽŲڻ졣
ҶûеĵġҶΪͷ΢Ŀ󣬳һ׶СܹٵͻܹͬԤΧͻġ
ǰˮҶʮ־޴ˮѵ
ˮ˭ûиӦʲôˮ֪ٴεǰһЩǾ޴
˵ˮ̫ˡֱһĴŰߵ
ǵģǰһƬ󣬲ϵĴź졣һħܹݻ˵ʶ
ҶһȺ˲ʲôߣȻǲܾôıŵ˵ġһԪƵܿľͰǿֲħѹסˡ
Ȼ˳ޱȵľ޴󣬵Ѿûʲôˡ
֮ǰĸоԩһ㡣⺣˵ڵסˡ
ҶüͷĸоһƬϢЩϤӡϤĸоûҶи
ΪϤĸоҶʾޱȵĿ¡ΪҶʸûİôϤĸоҶʺ˻ʴļطһĸһˡ
ΧһֱûʲôΣգǺҲǷǳĽӽ˵ġҶһԾȴһǺıԵȻ󣬿ԺԵĿҶʵǾҵĲһµˡ
ôҶʣѵ֮ǰܵİûеôҲǿٵĸеҶʡ
ǣû⡣ǿǰҶЩһָͷָǰ
ΪҶʣûеһʱȥעǰǸѴ˹
һƬƴ󣬿߼ʡɫģŨͬɫ΢һˮϿա
ЩȻûа취Ҷ˵𾪵ģȻҲҶ˵ʧ̬УƾҶʵܹ޾ʬڳġٻſڿХǺƴ˳ڵס˵ġ
лвٵǿʬ壬ҪˮεĽֹȥʬ壬ֻҪһӴֱӾͻ˷ɻҡһЩõģرǿģҲֱӵȥ˵ģӵĲˡ
ڤӣҶһȥɽͬľ˵һʱ䷴Ӧ˹ھšֱԼ۾


798 ǿɣ
ǰľɽпľͬġͬɫˮͬˮ
ǰҪ嫵ĶࡣǰҲûһ˺ɡ
ǰڤУǸʬǿ̶ȣɽеԶԶܹġ֮ǰֻܹһС
Уڤͨġ֮ǰѾ˵ŵˣһһЦټڤӣôҶˡ
ѵһյĹޡô˭ƹܵأһЩʲôĴڵء
뵽ڤӣͲ뵽ɽǲ֪ɽʲôĹϵ
ô˵ⶼǸһˡһˡڤܹۣʾطĵ̵ˡ㲻ǵҲһĻˡ
һߣڤӵĴӵĴͬģ֪ǵı־ԵĶݴģһЩĹˣĴ˵ҪһЩġ֪Խ࣬ԽǸеµġ磬ŵĿһֱ˵Ŀֲɲİ
ѾزˣѾ˵ġȻǲܹ˵ˣҶʾúǷѡҪȥû·İ
֮ǰɽУһܹͨġһΣȥôŵء
ҪţιȥǳɵġΪҶʵʵ˺ܶˡȻܹԪҸһеġ˵ˣڻйЩŵģǵԪҲǶˮпõġ
Ҷ룬нһ˻ʽСٵķŴҶֱȥȵվǰˡ
²£Խ飬ԽǾöԷޱȵĿ¡Էôǿĵһֱûж֡Ȼ׼ʲôģʱȥǵ鷳õĻᡣҶʿڴȣǹǾ޴ĺ˵ȻҲܹѡ˵ġλȥֻ˺úõľһˣ׼һԼĺˡԷһ׼ˣҶ֪ûֵܹסˡ
ҶҲϻֱˣȥȥ˭ҵı㡣ȥĻܻģһߵǲȥĻǾԵľڵˡһ㣬ûһܹˡ
ȥôȥءЩ˲Ż˶ãܹôĿȺѾҪ˵ģʲôŲµءһ֧Ҷʣһǿĳ
սҲǿٵĸȥҶ˵˻ֻһĻѶһ𣬾ˣ·϶һġǲ֪ڤУǸʲô
ǸʱʶѾʧˣԼѾԼˡҲûʲôÿǵˡ
Ҳȥȥ߼ԼûãѾûа취ֹˡȻһ֪ʲôʱڿ־лججĶȹҲҶʵ˻ʽֱˡ
ŸʲôģȻ涼ô˵ˡŸҲǸ˻ʽˡֻһͥȼ˻Ǽʮ˰ˡǹŸԵһǣҪǸԼûáŸ;˵ڵģֱսĺһЩġ
Щ˵ĴͷԥҲǺܿĸڵˡȫҶʵ˻ʽ
ҿҶʵ˻ʽԱķǳĴЩȻûʲôˡ
Ҷһ˻ʽͳѸٵ˰ߣޱ޼ʵг˳ȥ
貰Ľɢ˻ʽΧһŽڲϵתţһпĶ
վ˻ʽ棬ʲôʶоġ
˻ʽĽֻҶʵԪڤӶԿڤϿգһֳصѹɫˮֱӰҶǸѹƵÿٵ׹
Ҷüͷ壬ȫ˻ʽ֮СˮϿһ㣬ֹסơѾҶܹ쵽ļ޵ˣˮڿٵǰ
Ҫ˻ʽϵʵ̫ˣҶҪסÿһˣȻǰԪɢ˲ٵˡ
ãֻҪûгȥʲôⶼûС
ɫĳڤпٵǰ˷ˣһˮۡһЩ˵ʬ巭ӿ˻ʽ·ΧĽ˵ġ
𡭡һЩвֵʶʬ壬ҶǳطǷǳĲġһȻڤӣ˴ڤˮ˻ʽ˹
ۡһ˹ʬȻûͻһ㽣ĻģֱӱΧȻֵˮС


799 ƣ
ĻңܿĴҾͶˡôĳ϶ǳ岻ˡ
Ҫ֪ԷķûгƵӵġôܹ˻ʽ֮ϵҶвء
Щ£⹥ʵ̫ǿˡҪǰѴҸƷˣڤ֮ˣ鷳ʹȥˡ
ڤˮմȾ˻ǳ鷳ģҶʣҲҪմȾϷֺġ
ڤޱ޼ʣҶһҶһĻǰܵʬĳҲǲģҶǻЩĵӡҾͶӦˣֻҪϢ̫ڵǿģȥʵġ
Ϊһġȥͱ˺ܶˡֱӾͱ˻ʽˡ
ڤ̫ˣֱûоͷһġ֮ǰİϿĻҪ㡣
Ҷ֪׽˶ˡڻȥѾǲܵˣֻмǰˡ
ʱҴҶҶǶ֪˶õˡΧһжһӵģûʲôġ
ȴҶţʲôΣͻȻ١ˣԪСŵģȫĺĿա
ҪԪùˣа˿κεطܹ£ԪĴڡڤ֮ϣҪָҲǷǳ鷳ġ
ҪùԪ֮ǵͻȻ˳ءûа취սˣ˻Ҫ㡣
ǣܿĴҾͲôΪˡʲôΣգⲻ֪ǰ˶ˣһֱûκεΣյӵİ
Ȼٴǿʯ壬Ϊʵǿ󣬲ˬҶǵҴ鷳
֮ûʬ屻˻ʽĽ˵ġ˻ʽϵŶӳǿʬսʱ䡣
ʱ˻ʽĺкܳĿհ׵ġ˻ʽ֮ϵˣһˮеʬģŭǡЩûж̵ʬ壬ġˮءг
ЩСòֺġ˽ƣŶӣһһ
һǳ׵Ĺ֮Ȼָ˹ֵˡ
·;̫ˣңҲûȻҾĬʱİ취ܹһ£ֶΪءȣֻսǼ棬иļСģսѡ
ڴҶһϵģҲûзʲô˴˵ġƽȵĶԴһȺرĿĵġ
ЩһģΪݵԭ򡣻Щʬǲ̫ǿǶûгֵĴġ
ǿôڵģǲֺȻЩһѽͲסįˣʼС
㱲ݶôĸߣʵǿҪ棬԰Ŷӡ
ǵһһļ˽ȥģܹŸļһĹ壬ҪһЩҲ̫ӵġ
˵ˡǸҿţʲôǸ֡Ŷ˰죬ǵȵˡչǵȵһָ˹֮Ȼܹϵġ濴ǴǷǳץġҪֱӸԪ̵Ŀվˡ
ûûСģǸʲôӡҪˡ浭Ŀڣ˵ʵеĽÿһ˶óġ
ͷͲ˰ɡͽʱ֣ô࣬ôĹŰ塣ǻŵ󱲵ģԼ۲۵İҿò˰ɣװˣˡҵ˶˰ȹ˵˵Ȼ֮Աǵġ
˵ţ治ϴ궯ƷǳĿġ˵棬ﻰ˵ˡ
ǰ棬ҪǶһ档ǳµġҪôӣҪˡս˵淢롣
ǲҪǵˣԼ档ǶǰļӡͼӴף̼Щˡ
ʲô档ǷĴ󵨵ķɣǾǿšƾʲôҲҪǵôȥһ͸ˡ汾ֵ뷨ˣôһȻ˳ƵĴӦ˵ġ
浭һЦҲ⡣֮ǰһ˵ǣδؾûйĸһ̨µͼеġ̫ˣǳĲá
ֱӳ𣬷ɳ˻ʽŵķΧ˻ʽϵʱ䳤ˣѾǼסЩ˵ˡֻҪû¶ɱⰡʲôģ˻ʽƴҵĻġ
Щôĵԭ򡣲ȻĻҶʶҪǸĥġÿεĽҪԼһ£ǳȥúǽ
Ҷǿ϶ĲӦġ
Ҫ֪Ҷ棬ҶȴûмĴ㡣һֱ˻ʽһģʱӦͻ


800 
ҪΪ˴ҵİȫ룬Ҷʻôĵվ⽣ϵƶ˵ôǿ϶ǵ˰ɡ
Ҷڽڤֻ֮¼һŵʱվڽϹ۲һȻΪԪ˻ʽĿԼȻˡ
ҶʷǳСĽġΪҶʳעģȻҪˡ
ʵʵҶʻܹԼȤġҶʵȤȻǼԦ˻ʽɱǽ֮µʬġǾҶʲȥᣬҲܹһζĽġ
ôļΣԼߵǳʬʱҶ޵ŪôһƵĽʬ壬û̵Ū顣ȻԼߵһȥֱӾըˡ
ҶҲ˵ؿζĶȤζȥʬմ˱һġΪԪŵģȻҲʬմȾϵġ
ģôáȻһôСģˡⶼûȻͽˡϣϽģҶûʲôģôˡ׽Ū˵ˣֵĻص˻ʽ֮ϣϵĴߴٺ˸Ͽ졣ҲͬȫûпǹҶʸС
Ҷִ˲ƣģ͵͵ĸĻ£ǳĿļġǵű˵Ĵ˵棬͵ǵСӵʳһ
Ūˣġùüεģ˾һⶼûеġǸӵƣӵһڵþú̿һˡ
ԽҶʾԽġɣҶһôĵ˰Ϊ˴Ҹ˺ܶӡ
Ȼ⵹ùҲпྡʱ򡣵ǡתˡ˵ʱǻʱһļ˷ܣҶҲЦĬĬһɵ档
Ȼһɵƣ׽Ū
ҶȻķǳ޵ģǳôεˡȻҲ˷Ҷڸˡ
Щ˵ʵǿܹоǷǳСĲġҶʷǳĬҶʲŪǣҲ˵ơ
ҶСӣҺòŵεĻᡣúõĿǰ氡ȻҲǷҶСеһ⿪ڰٵšʵڸҶʣҪС
һٸİɣ⿴ǰĺúõءҶͷҲĻӦһ£˫ǳĬ
ʵʱûʬǣܹסһҪӵĹôȻǲܹˡ
˻ʽķΧĹ档̧־·һ£һİݵˮӡ
ܵ˹ƣǽڤеʬ壬ܿľͻӦ˹档
һķһȻûʲô˼롣ǻǿҵصʶģܵƣһֱӵľͳ˳ˡ
ģֱ׵İˮʬ壬ҶԵľҪһӣʱİ
֮ǰûʬʱ򣬴ȻҲôǶǳнƵģǿһĲǵġһҵĲڶȻŪĶ̫ˣԼԸ˵ģҪ鷳
ģľЩ޼ɵˣȫİ
ҶҲһͷĺߣ˵ŪĶжôĴֻĬĬĹ۲ôľˣȫǷ档ѴȻû˵ǶĬ˵Ĺȫƻˡ
˼ȫʧȫʧ֪ұ̫ʱûжˡ̫˷ˣңԪĿҲˣŪôĶࡣǷģ´һƺõġٴεǷģһĽǵģҶκε鷳ġЦţѾ̧˵һʬ塣
ҶЩֲ˵ʲô˶ô˵ˣ㻹ôѵָ棬˵ƭˣôܻƲԪĲġƵĺòãǱ˵飬İ
ǳֱ֣Ū˴ʬ塣ȵµĲˡȻ󣬹չʾʲôӵ޳ܡ
ʬţܹһŪġǣôôǴ𰸵ȻǲİʬڿзţһմߣȫͲǡͣĴţܵ˶ô˺ôвһġ
棬ģǹʱ䡣սܲˣϷġȻҪġ
ӴۺۡʬƮƮһƣȻĵɣдСţľܵʲôһʱ䰡㿴Щʬ̫ǿˡǲҪæԼǾͿˡ
ҶһͷĺߣΪһҶʵǰȥģϷҶĺ߶˻ʽһµˡ


801 Σգ
ҶҲֻ룬Ȼ˵ӡҪڳָʹӰʲôģù淢ŭˡһżԼ֮ǰɵ鶼˵ˣ鷳˵ġ
Ҷʱ۾ȨϢˡʱǡ֡Ľһ㣬ҶʾǷǳĲˬӵġ
ôڣҲʱġڹȷʵû˼ˣ˵ڹʵڲ˼ȥ˵ʱͻȻֱֵĺǿƵӣһ˲ȫˣ
ۡɫĺˮȥˡЩ˻ʽĽİŵķΧȥˣ˸ӵСһЩˡ
ּŽơ궼г֡ȻǼŰһϷСǻûйôĲҪӡֻǰԼʵѹһķΧУȻһӣǺܿľͰʬѵˡ
ٴεֵˡվЦţľ˻ʽΧȥ
ʱҶʸоһɿֲϢ˹ɫһ䣬ֱյһ
顱ոշûԤϵ˶ԼֵġˣֱǱҶʸ˻ʽ֮ϣص˽֮ϡ
˭ɵģŭˣһֱͦӵľվ޺޵ĺš
û˻شġʵǿģȫǸӦһɿֲϢڿٵĽӽʵһЩҲֱӿ˵ֻǰͶǰҶʡ
Ҷʣ㲻Ҫҳȥܹæ͵еģҲܹôĶҵİĶ˰ҶģǻһˡޱƵĿҶʡ
ҪǱģʵ̫ڿֲĻֵġֵľȻҶʣ򲻹Ҳİ
ϻˣվáȻе鷳ҶʻǱĻŪһͷĺߡϽڴһ˶ʵһ㡣
˻ʽͻȻ٣øٶǰһӣſٵֹסˡ
һĹ˶Ѿо鷳ˡ͸˻ʽĽĻܹɫ֮ϣһϸܵһĲơ
ǲʮֵԣÿһľ룬ǲƲǴСǲƵȶҪһЩġ
ʼתˣҶǴһ޴еġûӴֻˮתѾ˻ʽĽĻʼҵĲˡ
ڣҶ˵˶֪鷳ˡΣ˴ˡ
ҶʼӴ˶Ԫӳ˻ʽýⲻôľ˵ġ̫ˣҶʵĺܴ󡣾Կһ㡣
ˮתŵٶȸӵľңҶԶʼİȥ֮ǰҶڵĵطеġ
ҶǶǳһ亹֮ǰҪȥҪǳȥˣµһʱǱ޴и˵İɡ
аݵԽԽ죬ҶʿҪҶڵб֮ϣҲԽԽ
ҶѾǾȫˣ貣Уˮˡ
д̫ڵǿˡγɣڤϷˮҲԽԽŨˡ
Ҷǲûǰȥڻˣ˳еķڻ춯
ʱҶʵǲϵı任ŵģĳЩӡҶʳһ̾Ϣҧҧݡ
ǶվˣܹܿȥˣֻһεӡҶʴһȻ˻ʽķΧ
ʱҶȫɢ貵Ľ⣬еڤУޱȵۡһ˻ʽ֮ϣ˻ʽٵǰ˹ȥ
Ҷվˮ֮ϣȫԪ͸˫ڤˮзҪһʲô
Ҷʵɫף󲻵ĳǾ޴͸Ҷʵ˫Ҷʵڳ˽
ҶʻסˡµˮıƽУеˮʱ򣬶ƽ뿪ʱֻӿ
ֻǵһƽˮҶΪģлİȥͬǿʼ˻תš
ŶⲢ֮ǰתķ򣬶ȫ෴ġҲ˵޴УҶһתķȫ෴СҪסǸеġ
Ҷʵɫ˽𲭵ɫǳˡµڻγɣϵļ٣
ΪҶʵƴ֮ǰϻһֵ˻ʽֱҶŪиƳȥһЩ


802 У
ҶԼһУǴжԿʵϣҶԼ֮µǿ߶Կġ
ҶŪУССģʱᱻһǣССУһŶ֮ϣڿټз׳ԼȻпʼԿ
Ҷʴһȫһ˲ȥ׵ȡҶʳųǸУҲǸӵľ޴ˡ
һ˲䣬˻ʽҶͻȻƳȥԶеıԵ
ҶʱһˡһòţҪиˣСûˡ
˻ʽһЩʶûҶʵĿƵʱ򣬻ܹԼжġʱеıԵϵţҪæΪŲٵˣýҲЩΪѡ
Ҷʡ˿Ĵţ嵽˻ʽβˮеҶʡ
ΣաҶʴǰ˿ġͬʱҲڸ˻ʽԼǸʲôͼ
ҶǽѵˡǰһƱصľҪǴеǿ߷һߵ͵ġˣҪܹ˵İ
ҶǱĲȥ˵ģеͻȻըҶܹܵ˵ġ
񣬾ֻеǿ߾˭ӵˡ
ûĳæʲôֶ֪ҪˣֻܰﵹæԽԽæҶԽԽӦԵˡ
ҶŪУǵһĹģˣܹӰ쵽ˡ
ȫ෴ĵһεײһˮϿճ˳ȥ
ۡҶſ³һƽɫѪܿľͱתŵиϡˡ
ײ̫ˣǳʱ֮ĽҪǻһͬ׵˵ĻܹԼһȳſСҲǻڵһεײֱӵİԼ˺˵İɡ
Ҷʣˣܲܡ͹㡣˿滨ģҶˣ޵ķǳġֱͱԼ˸ӵѹ
ˮ˰˿һۣͻȻŮôĵôĿɰˡ֮ǰĪĵ⣬Ҳǵ˲ٵˡ
˵ˣҶֲ̧˲ǵѪͷҲصĴš
ʱҶĿ˷ǳǿҶ룬Լڣܹѹİɡ
ҶٴεĴһٴε½ϰ׵ľ롣һΣǿֲӵˡ
໥Ħײڵ磬˺աǳˮУſֲĵ绡
У˴Ƭˮ򡣲еʬ壬ǸԶĶǾ޴˹б飬ȻڽλûϡǳˮС
ŵŨĴ̱ǵĸϢ޾ʬ屻úۼһеζˮɫܿľͱ
ҶĺܴôȥûмˣѾǱԷˡϾԷֵġԼǺ֣ڱ˵ǿеʩչĺ֡
һҶŪоͿʼ΢΢𶯡Ҫɢ˵𶯣ҶʹŪġ
ܿһнĺ˵ˣȻСнˮڵסˡģԽԽңԽԽҡޱȵĺƴ󣬾ǴҶ˳һġ
Ȼܹ뵽ӡҲҪǿʵܵİˮ˵һš
ǵģҶͻȻ뵽ģǹĵ߻˵ǹۿ˳ȥܣһġ
ȻǴ˳̥ģ˳ʹãǿ϶ҲǿԵġ
Ҷõ߻ؼԼСϵԼϵתԷȻٵ׳Լ
ۿɼٶڿٵıҶʷԽԽˡҶ۳̫ڵĺˡһľݷһ
ܿģҶŪУ֮ǰǴܹͥˡߵﵽһ£ߵ˴塣
еˮڵһʱ䱬˿ɳĸʬ顣
ҶһţеıԵѸٵĻһĵ졣γһӣǰҶʸУǵȫûһС˻ʽϵ˷ȥġ
ȫˮһֿٵĻиɸɾΪڤӵԭ򣬷һЩ֮ɫ
Ƕǳһ֮ǰҶʲСϾҶʶֵʱ򣬶ԷĹѾǳεˡҶҪԪϣֱӱֻǷַ顣


803 ˵İ
ҶʸоЩ쬵ģӻعԭ֪ʲôʱһ亹·Ѿʪ͸˵ģճϡ
ҶվԼŪУѾܳʱˣӴлۡҶֱӵ˲֣ԼԪһ
һ߱յ߸ߵԾ𣬳˶УȻصȥײ֮ϡ
顱һ죬㲻ҶʵԤϣڵһʱͱˡУԵͣһµġ
ʲôװŪģҳҶʴ˹жȥöоҵĲš
ˣֱҶʵĻȥˣûеõҪĴ𰸡û˻ش𣬾ͺһûһ
ҶȻǲôŵġҶʿǷǳȷǸӦһǿĲģȻſٵγеġ
ʱҶʲ¶ԷѾӴ˵ģҶʶľҪһȫӻȥҶʾÿȥɽеһս
ҶԷаʱңʱʱƣûмڲϵ׳ġ
ҶĸܵһĿµˡǰڴ½ϣҶϲֱײսֳܹܿʤˣҶʲûô
ǣڣҶٴεĸоĿֲֲĳ̶ȣǳҶʵˡ˵ԽǿܹԽֲġҪܹ˳ʩչҪŹĲжԷʱڡ
ҶҪ棬ҶʲòġҪڲѶԷȳ֮ӵ鷳ˡ
ѾǱԷˣԼϰŸԷаġʱ򲻰ѶԷƳһ뿪طûӴӻٴεıԷ׷ô졣
ԷѾǳһСˣ᷸ͬĴȻǲܵİ
ҶʲϵļȡԷԼʵڿٵıǿǶԷʼղֺһֱһķΧСҶʲ룬ǶԷļӳ˵İɡ
ԷǲҶһİ취ûеġǳѻ𣬵ûкЧķ
˻ʽѾǳ˹ˡطҶʵĿƣʲôΣա˵ҶʵУȱĵطӵİȫһЩġ
˻ʽϳ˼Ӱǹˡ
֣һӽΪ˵ĺڰϵʹҲСȫ֣һӡȻһУ˫֣һģ档
һֲĻĹâֱеġҶʶоЩľġ֮ǰֻڰ֣֮Ĺ˵ܵĻҪ࣬ѾǸҶ˺ӡˡ
ڰ֮ѾǱɵ˵ģȻû֮ϵˡ
Ҷû뵽ܹϡһܹϵģӵĿֲʵı仯
ܿҶʾȻˡԷܹôǿǼ˵ĺĽ̫ˣսСôԵֵƣ˭ɵվԭ㹥ء
ңƽʱǿûôŽİҲֻ£ܹЩȫζѵĺĹİɡ
ٶȷɿ죬ʱ崩һ˲ǿײеġ
һ죬ײһ֮ϡ˿ֲˡһвը˿ҶʾöĤҪѿһ
ǿţٵնԷɢ˳һ˲䣬Ҷʼȡ˸ȥڤ֮ϣܹĶҶʵУ֮£ֻһ
Ϊ̫ڵӴ޾ڲϵ䡣Ѿǳˣû˿á
ⶼ˵İʧɫǹ̫ڿֲˡȻûаѶԷȳ
žո˵꣬ԴϾͱ˽ʵʵһ¡һķŭתͷ꣬ǻһεı顣֮ǰˣⲻǸô
Ҷʵаס˶ԷˡǾ˵ԷȻûбȳոһµĹԷסˡ
ӦһǿĶסǵֵһ
ߡһȻǷǳĲ
ֵĹԷȻֱӵסˡңûһıʾһӣֱӰѹǸ˿ˡùܹء
ٴγ֡ȫԪˣȫ


804 ˮĻ죡
˾ȫһεģһֲĻɹ⻮Ϊؼ䣬ڤеΨһǷǳĿֲġҶһǸо˻ģȻ˵һεĹ׼ҶʵġҶʾվԱߣϢҶʵѹ̫һˡ
һεĽͬһһģûʲô̫Чɹеģܿľһ촫˳
һΣΪӵǿײҲǸӵǿ˵ġҶʸоͷҪѿһǳܡ
һε˴˳ˮˣǵصҶط˹
Ҷһţǲηˮˣм𡣾ҵתţˮ໥ײ
ҶߵĹĹģеǿߣʼûһĶġֻǱķˮҲǸģǸƷ
ˣǲҪˡҶʿˣһŭݣҪƴһҶʸϽǿֹˣȲ˵ǵĹûûõġҪùôȥǰеǿ߻ûгǾԼԼ˵ӡ
ǳһȻ󲻵òѹסԼеŭûа취Ҷ뵽ģͬҲ֪ġ֮ǰ¹Ʒǳļ򵥡ǵںϺιûбϿôСġ
ǣιȥԷʲôӳûСûһĻӦεľ죬ǶҪԼǲǴƫˡ
ϽĸҹҪǻҪ˵ġҶʲĹԽǹⱩ¶ԷϢҲԽġҶʿɲԷûԼϣͰԼĵ׸͸˵ġ
ԷûһķӦġȫûаҶǵһ£˵ԷǲҪӦҶǵġ
ûҶʷǳգλǱԷ׵׵ģȫȫĸ˵İҶʴûӴ
ǿģǲǿģǲսг׵ҶʵġǿģòעҶʵĶ򣬲Ȼ鷳ô졣ǿģҶʻöԷע⵽Լ֤Լļֵ
𣡡Ƭ̵ĹҶȷǲõʲôӦ˵ġֱһ˻ʽѳ֮ϵе鶼ˡˮг͵ˮİ˶ס
һת𣬿ٵķŴ󡣺ܿľͱɽһ㣬ɢſֲĽڤжܵ˲ˮԶѿˣѶԷиƿһ֡ڤϿգһĿֲ磬ϵ˻ʽȥǣ˻ʽ֮ϣֻǴһϸСĵ绡Ȼֱӵʧˡ
װ֣ҡҶʴŭ̧£Ȼѹյѹ˻ʽҪֱӰеǿ߸ġ
ɫĳٵ䡣ΪˣԷһǲĸӵľ˵ġ֮ǰôĶܹУڵʱɢƵˡ
֮ϲʱǶǿ̻˻ʽϵһЩͼơҶʵеһУܹһһĶӦڶõҶʵӴ֧֣ȫ˹һĳ˳·зѡ
жѡɻ˺գˮ޶˳е·ȥ
顱顱顱һȫˮ֮Уը˴ˮ
ͬˣ˻ʽǴȥߴ˻ʽʱֻ¶һ档ǻĿꡣһ죬пֲĲ
ˮ涼ˣһ˲ȫڤӾյ˹ȥˡ
ˮĻнĲţƵȫͬ
ⶼһ֮ɵġڤӻǸڤӣȻǲеġܿģڤ
䡱һ죬ڤӵĽҶʱȫ飬ò׻һɲǼ䱬˵ġ
Ҷȫ飬嶼нĲš֮ǰȻûȥӴ˻ʽҶʵͨҶԼȥ˻ʽġ˻ʽܵǿķϵҶʾȫϵнĲ
ⶼǵһʲô˰Ҷʸоǳͷ󡣶Է⻹ûйѾôĿֲ˵ġҪǶԷɱˣҶͻȻˣԼܹסԷĹô
£ǿԻǳСİɡ
ҧҧݣ⵲סҲҪİ


805 
ǿ󣬾õʱҶʺܿľѾǵԼ塣ǰǾ޴ķˡ
Ҷʷˣ첻ǲŵǿ߸ŪҶûа취ݵˡȻѾˣǾ͵׵ˡ
Ҷһδε̧ƣһδεصѹȥ˻ʽҲ΢΢˺ص¡貰磬һȻûа취ҶԼʶͨ˻ʽĸ֪˶ԷĴڵˡ
ңԷһֱûжܵġԣҶʵÿһεĹ˶Էϵˡ
ϣѾнˡҲһĺߣҡҲнˡ
Ϊײ̫ǿˡȻҶʵĻ⣬ǴһЩܲ˵ġȻͳһֵûһ죬Ҷߵ˾ȫһ¡ͺ񣬾ͺÿһεϵĶһġ
ȻҶʶµĸӵȻҲҶʡҶʵĶ¾ûֹͣģҪǲ֪ģΪҶʵһ֪˶˵ġʱǽ˳ˣ嶼˷ܵòͣˡ
ҶʴһµжǾҵĲˡ
һ˲ǳҶʵеˡҶʸо嶼Ҫ챬ѿˡϽתԪеͨ˻ʽ֮ˡ
Ҷ͵ѹڤӶȥˡͺһֻεĴְ
õҶʵ֧֣˻ʽʧˣһ׳Ľɫ⣬ѸٵĴȥˡ
һεޱȵĳƣǱζһģ˸оǷǳѹ֡
һεĹûನɢҶʵĹεƣһеĲѹȥˡȻĻһεķҶǾԵǲܵˡ
ʧôǶôĿµķ
ҶǱɫôµĹȻûаѶԷķ򿪵ġⰵеǿߵжôǿİ
ǿǳ֮ҪһֱǿߣҶ˵һִ鷳Ҫǰǿ߸ǳĻ˭ܹԸءҶô˵ķƲİ
Ǳ˶ҶЩɡҶԼǲԼģôֲĴڣԼܹԸ£վﲻҶʶûκεİ취İɡ
ꡱһ˳Ҷʾôġûܹ˼϶˵ġҶʾ
һȻԽԽܼġꡱ֮Ҷͨ˻ʽӦ·ĶЩ飬Щɶˡ
䡱֪ʲô֮󣬱˾˵˻ʽʱѾ˵ġ
ͻȻ˻ʽ֮ϡϡһ졣Ȼ󵹷˳ȥˡ
СһЩҶʿѣͬʱ˻ʽҲǿٵСĴС˻Ҷʵߡ
ʵҶѣҶ֪鷳˵ġ֮ǰôģѹκε˵ġ
ӷʩαءΪζƶɮƵءɵĽеĵײޱȵ͡һȱҲǵһʱ֮´˳
ޱȵϣҶʵűʵǲͬԪһرҶĥ͸ġĸоһӳС
ҶǶЩɻˣ⼫֮أô͵Ĺâڤˮôһ˵Ĵȱǿݷ
һжԱȣһֺǿҵӾ뾫ϵĳ
װȱЩ֪ߵغĺ󱲣ȻܵҵĵҰˡ㻹װװȱҴȱһİ
Ҷǻû˵ִ֮һȻͬޱȵɭһֲֿа죬òͬʱһޱȵаϢ˳
ҲεҶʺǲȫǸָļӳ֡
˵֮ǰǽɫϢµļӳֵĻͻаϢеĴۼһ𡣿ţһʲôۻĶ
ҶһͷˮǰֻоһϢôͻȻֳһϢءѵ£ԭˣ֮ǰҶ˶Կ
Ҳӵġ˴ӶԻӦǲ·ġӦûֵĿܡԴˣҶҲǷǳġ˵Ϣʲôȫǲͬӵġ˴˵־ҲܹϢϷֱģҲȫĶġ


806 ɮ
˹һ𣬻˵ˣȻסһҶǶЩ㲻ӵġ
ңĹȻҶǶǸ㲻׵ġܹӦӦͬһֵĹǣЧȻǽȻͬӵġ
Ҷʼʶ˼ʿħʦʹǻûмϢġ
ҶʣһͬǰĺܶˣͬǷǳɻġЩʱȽϳģҲȫĸ㲻״ӵġ
װŪˡȻѾˣôɡҶʴһ˹ǰг˹ȥˡ
һһľ޴˻ǰըˡ
ʩذɡҪǰˣҲҪͣˡҲҪ˺ǡһסҶʵҶʵеĹǻΡûжµǿʵԵЧġ
װˡǻߵôУҲĻ߿ġҶʴȣöԷǳĲˬӡ
˫ǶģǾǵˡԴˣҪˬ㡣Ҫôսѵ˸ſ¡ҪôǱſ¡ȻҪǾú£ǰܵģⶼǿܵġ
ڣҶоûеġҶܹ˵ôȻǲܵӵİ
ҶʶѡһսˣµǿߣǳĽߵӡҶʾǷǳĲˬġҶаĴڱһЩĸӵĿɰһЩӵġ
ͺ¿˶װˣѾǿӵˡһҵĿȫͬİҶЩϲǵˡҪע˲ѾԻģҶҪ꽻Сѵˡа𣬶ҶǷǳͬһεǿǷǳı뿴ġ
ӷ𣬳˲ܹȾƵġȱ𣬷а
ˣװˣҳҶʴŭ⻹ԼˣȫԼߵ˶˿ô
Ҷһץǰ˻ʽǰӳһεĽ˹ȥڤˮԶɢˡ
е³һĽ⣬ֱǵסҶʵһ
ʩαءǴȱٴεޱȵı˵ӡ
ҶЩͷ󣬸ոһȻ˵ܾõһҲͬõģҶýµл˺ܾõģһȻԷĵסˡңûܵʲô̫ĳһġ
ԷҶʾޱȵķġǿ󲻿¡µǿĵ˻ͣǰ롣ҪһЩҶǶĳƺ
٣ǸʲôʩҶǾķǳԺģȫҶûġ
ҶʲԷˣɶԷ롣ȫǰѶԷĿͷϵĻһϵĹҶʵԵĹϬģڿʩƵǿͬǿޱȵġ
ʩʩð˿˺òãϽĸȥҲ͸͸аޱȵķƣȻҲǶµļһǳջ
ڤӿʼˣҵ۸ţľˡһߣҶ߻ǾתŵĴУϿշƽ˾ġ
һĩһĳһǾܹ춼˵ӡһȻûôĿֲˮϵͬǲܹСġ
ɫڵĹâǳˮˣֻһƵӡȻԽԽˣһ̫ڤлˣɵĹâ
¡һ׳磬ͻأĳ˳ֱȡеġ
ʱеģˡһˮãʵʵģܹʶҶʶûа취͸浽ʲôǿߡ
ײһˡֱ绯˸ӵϸСĵ绡Ȼ˷ӡ
һˮҲǵһʱ˵ġ¶һӰ
һֵӰôڲͬӡ
һɫ·ֻһӵӣһ¶档һĺɫһЩɫƵĲƥ
ҶǾֵ̫ӵˡһôİ¶ġֱӾһװҶǸס˵ġ
ҶǵĻǶԷĴšǶԷԴһĹͷû䣬Ҳܹҫ۵ĹʵáԴϣžͬСͬĺڵ㣬ҶǾֵǷǳ֡
ҪǴŴʲôҲܹɱĻôڵˣҶǼɱ˵ġ


807 ڣ
Ҷǵ˴ˣΪһʲô˵ġ߰˳ߣΧҲǰ˳ߵģҶǶġҶû뵽Ȼһʹˡ
ҶΪսĹҪǿҪܶġͣҶǲֱӡ
ȻҶӣòʲôģҲǷǳӵġʲôݵĲޱ߷ģǶĵ˱ˣԼҲǷǳĲġ
Ϊʲôˡû뵽һͺӡѵˮݶˣͷѾǵ˵ô
ԭĽŵգΪǿߵͻȻǱˡ̲ͣסľͻЦİ
ҶȻöԷǷǳĿֲģǻ̲סЩĳ鴤ҶԺԲһ£ҪǰסȻŪһôĴͷǸӵİɡ
ӷʩˡǿƤ࣬һеĶģһнǿգֻбĲʵͺͷׯϵģҶ˵˫ֺʮһںš
ʲô߰ʵʵġȻ˵ƤǿգҰ㳬˰ɡֱӰɱҶʿɲܶԷ˵һЩʲôĺŪš
ҪǣҶʶԷôĿôĽҶûа취̵ֵİҶʾЩ벻׵ˣôһǿߣôԼȥء
ʩຣޱߣͷǰƶɮҪɱ¾ǻذɡͺͷٴε˫ֺʮ΢΢Ҷǹһ
ȥѾǲܵˣǰġҶôܻȥȥֻеһ·ϢڤǸġ֪ΪӲ֪Ϊ㻹ûбȾǹȥΣ͵Ƿһ顣Ļһỹġ
ҷȱƶɮòסǵȥ·ƶɮҲвѵĿԡʩҪҶ֡ǹͷٴεҶһ
֮ǰаϢΪ㣿ǵϢӦǲģӦòŶԵİҶʲģͷûʲôաңҶҲҪͷڣֻһˡһԵӦĺĻûг֡Ҷʺǲġ
Сӣ˵Ŀҡû뵽ԷүôġǹͷϢһ䣬Ȼ˵ǸûӴ仯Ǹ˵ĸоȫһ˵ġ
ɢĽ⣬ҲǱۻɭɭġն˲һȻԷûж֣ԩҶǳ˹һЩӰʶĹֽУҶǵǰһֲĳ
ҶʲΪɫԪڡȻܹɢһЩԩġҶǹɫĹâǻһЩۻԩꡣ
һ˫꣬Ȼѹ֮ǰǹͷϵֵǵϢȻȫĲͬôȫ෴ģҶϤˡ֮ǰŸոӡ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽һӡһҶǵҪˡΪߵ뷨֮ȫ෴аȻҪɱҶʵġǴȱһЩ꣬Ȼǲô붯ֵġ
Ҳֻǲô붯֡ҶˣѾվ˶ȥ˵ġҪҶһٵļ֣ȱҲǻữɱġ
СӣȻôĿطүҡҲܹ㶪ġȽһУڣǹͷЦţҶǾĳһơ
гŵӰ˫֮һʢϵӰ˫ֺʮдʡ
ڤӵϿգǳһһ𣬳Ϊһޱȵĺ
ҶʾãӦʥġôôаһַǳĸоָоĪģҶҲ֪ΪΡ
Ҷ˫Ų֮ϣ޾ӿҶʵ塣ٵİθߣǷءҶһɫľһͶܹժ׽ա
Ҷ̧־һɫϡ
һ졣ǴеĲգһڼ̵ͭӡһӰֱǱҶʸ˵ģʧС
һ֮Ҷд򶨣ܹͺáҪǴ򲻵鷳ʹˡ
Ҷļοٳ֣ɨһƬӰǣܿľͳ˱仯Ӱʼˡȫ̧֣žеҶʲϵĺһƬһƬĿֲѷ죬ҶʸС
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808 ߱
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һܼĴҶ̫ûа취ܺõĶеνġ̫ˡ˵ڣûһ˿Ŀӵġ
ڣԷȻࡣǵĹܹҶ㹻˺ҶȻûбҪµģ͵ԼȭˡлʼյһЩľģҶʼǾãԷһֹôļ򵥵ġ
ʲôֱûŹôǿҶУôɵӡʿڵ˵ǶԶԷѤĹġ٣ӾЧ˵ԷһǷǳĲӵġ
İСӡȻ֪ΪζԷүҵĴôľ棬ûŹǵĴеˡүҼȻǳˣһġһߵĿڿүԳƵĹͷһ˵ţһӹͷ˵
Ҷʵп֪ڵսȫǳԽҶʵ۷˵ġⶼҶԼսҶʽģ£Ҷʲܹս
Ǿ£ҶʶֻԷһƽ֡ȻҶӣǱһ£Ҳûʲô󰭵ġҶҲǱס˵ģûа취
ڣȻҪڵˡ֣Ƿү˵һ䣬Ȼ󿪿ڴȡ
Ҷľ͸оһɼǿϢڿٵĳ֡ҶʶЩľ
ΧҶʲϵĹġӰٵʧȥҶͷϷһޱȾ޴Ӱ
Ӱͷһ·ɢŨĽ⣬Ƿǳ͵ӳ֡ҶͷһΪ֮ǰɭɭĹͻȻˡ
Ҷ˼ʱ䡣ǱҶʸӵľ޴ڱյ塣ɢűҶʸӵǿϢ϶µҶʳ˹ͷ½ϣֱһƾҶʰ˹
ҶƴȥԿǶԷƻûҶʡҶʽŲŵУͳһİݣϸĻӦһƵӡɵġ
ҶʴһұΧĿռ䶼Ҷѹȥѹ˼¡ȻҶĻӳһȭ
ֱӵˣһ޵ͨʱռ÷ǳĻңҶʶûа취סӡ
顱һȭڴҵעײһˡҶҵһ¡ͷǸӵľ޴ӰҲԵ΢ĻζϵĽɫҲźܾҵĲ
ǣһȭ˫ˡȫӣ˭Ҳûκε˭ҶûаѶԷɳȥԷҲûаҶʸѹȥ
λҶûаѶԷɳȥǾѾǳԿ˵ġҶ棬Է棬ܹѹҶʰ
Ȼһ壬ڽƾеģʱΪԷλñҶʸӵľơ
Ҷʵڻ³µгһĿֲˮˡ
䡱ҶʵһкȻ˲ıȥˡӴֱûڤеģһ˲Ϳˡ
ڤ֮ϣˮ죬ӿȡĴųܹһС
Ҷʡ˴󾪣֮ǰǺúõģôͻȻͱˡʤֳֵֵ̫̫һİɡôҶûһܺõ׼
Ϣ䣬˻ʽûڤ֮С
һֲĽصһǰȻʧɫˡһֲĽޱȵİ磬ޱȵķڤˮ֮³ġ
ģڤӣҶһΪˡԽ⻮ĵطΪģڿٵȴ
Ҷֳ˻ʽлޱȵİֱӴڤ֮´ʱռ䣬һǴĽɫΪ롣
ӴĽɫ壬ֱɢ˵ġһ˲飬ʲôû£ͺǴûгֹһޱȵͻȻʧøӵĿ١
ҶʿȳһƽɫѪҺǻ£ǴĿĵġ
ͷеİ´˵󻰵ʱ򣬼ǵҪȿȻͷͲˡҶȻѪ˲ء֮ǰͻȻѹȥҶǿеı˸ӿֲԼ˵ˡ
ʩɱ̫ˡǸƶɮһ߰ѣƶɮҶȻ㡣ͻȻǹͷϢ仯ˡٴεıñׯˡҲ֪϶ٴεĻˡ
ЦȻңƾʲôȻҡǵķڶκβңܹκҵôԷͻȻˣҶƬ̵ĲӦǺܿķӳ˹
Էôһ˵Ҷ֪ĹͷҲҪˡˣҶҪ


809 ǿǣ
ͬһ壬ָоҶҶʱе⡣Ҷĸоѹôӵġ
ԷܹлҶǾ÷ǳջġÿ˵սķһսӦԵİ취Ҳǲһġ
Ϥһսķ񣬲ϲϣ㶼ᰴնԷķȥȥƽⰡʲôġҪǶԷͻȻһ£÷ǳıŤġ
ʩຣޱߣͷǰɱ̫ˣȻҶԷ治ĵݵĵزˡǸƶɮ߰ɣƶɮϴȥеۻࡣǹͷһĴȱҶٴһ
ʲôͷɱǹƨװɵˡ˵ķǵһʲôĴУҶǲ֪ġȻһƬΪл񡣶Ȼңƾ°ɣҶȻ㣬ܹȻҵġҶʿڴȣĹ
˻ʽһתĹͷ˹ȥˡ
ǹͷ߾˫֣һƬõĽɫɢǿҵĹâһСһ
Ƿ˻ʽޱȵľ޴ҶʵĴ߶£˰ĽҶһ£ҪֱӰǹͷһΪˡ
ϡһ޴ĽҶʵüͷһ
Էһ˫ƣȻӲǰҶʵ˻ʽеġǿֲĽ֮ϴһĻǣû˵ǹͷĸ
⻹ҶʵһôǿġԼ壬׶ǹͷȣǲһЩˡ
Ҳ˵ҶǲӲ˻ʽһġû뵽ͷȻ˵ɵľͽˡ
ӷҷѾûôȻûӡͷһıı飬ΪҶʵĹɵġҶǲٵģȫȷȷʵʵĲ֪ıɵġ
ͷ۽Ѫһǲӽɫһߵīġ
ҹʲôŲŵġȫûҶʺǷŭԷȻʱǶԼһӡʱҶҲȷʵǹƶԷķġ
أһǿǣܹռʲôơҶʿٵСˣ˻ʽҲűĴСˡ
СȻû֮ǰôĺ嫣ɲôĶࡣȴҪһЩңҲҪ˲ٵġ
Ҷʲڤӣ̤˳ǹͷÿһȥ¶һľըӿҶʵٶȡ
ڹͷǰҶʵͻȻʧˣһӱȻĸĸ˰˸
ÿһǼٵһÿһſֲϢҶʵϢһ޶ġ
ʮҶΧǹͷϵķ裬ͷϣϵıһĻǡ
ϡ֮ڶҶڶԷϣǿһİ׺۵ġֻЩĹǸƤ⣬˵ڲļЩѪġ
ǹͷֿ˼£ǵҶʵٶȼӿ죬ǺһΧŹͷʱ򡣹ͷԵǸҶʵٶ˵ġ
ͷûеֿˣȻԭص˫ֺʮǰȻдʣ֪ĬһЩʲô
ԽԽޱȵĺ֮ǰħԵʶ߶ĽͬġϢȻǲһġ
ֵȻ綼΢ˣһֵ
һӳ˶ԷϣɢɵĽ⣬һ忴ӵĲ࣬ʲôҲǳɱӡ
ҶʲϵҲ˺Էֺˡ
ҶʸɴǷе˻ʽֱһֽ˻ʽǹͷϵķ裬ʱĹ
ҶԼϣԪȫתһȭǹͷ˹ȥˡ
Էǿĳ̶ȣȫĳҶʵԤϡҶʤ˼ಫһĻ
ˡһ죬Ҷһȭǹͷļͷ֮ϡ
ǹͷӦĵ˳ȥһֱǱ֮ǰȶơڤˮҶŸߵˮˡ
ҶҲǾҵĲһ£ǷǷǳǿġҶʸ˽µڤ֮СҶʵΧֱըֲˮˡ
ҶԪһˮ˻ˮǹͷ˹ȥ죬ƬڤӶ΢΢𶯡
һΣǹͷ˶ǰһӣһɫĹ𣬰ǹͷʵʵİС
ˮпֲʱֻײǽɫĹֲϵĻζûлơ
ҶŭˣеԪӿתˡ嶼ʵģɢǿҵĽ⡣
Ҷǹͷ˵ǽӳģߵϢȫĲͬġ


810 ͯУ
ӦҶȫɢѪǿŰͷ۾ˣҶʵ壬һЩ
ܽôӵССӣ㲻˵ûôô᲻ܽģǹͷԵ÷ǳ𾪣Ҷʵ˫⣬ҪҶʵһġ
䡱Ҷһȭʹ˳ȥٴΰǹͷú˳ȥͷʼǲΪģʼ۾ĶҶʡͺҶһһģһһܹͷ͡
ܽʲôҴûҶʿѯʣֵһ㶼ûкģٴεĳǹͷ
ѧ˲֪ܽʲô˵˭̻ġǹͷվˣҶʣŭĿԲɵģǳķŭ
ͷĶһ߸ߵˮĻʾǹͷĵķǳĲƽӡ
ʲôܽʲô˲ġҶһԵ÷ǳĲмҶʻһ㡣Է֮ôǿܽԵʵİɡ
һԷνķŵĴУйǿİһȻܹ˵ǿġѾǰ˼µ˰ɡ
ҶԼǿģ츳죬ڵҶʡǶԷܹͨôĿֲĳ̶ȡ
Ȼ֪ԷһļʲôǾ뵱ǰҶʽѾûʲôˡЩ˵ԷķҪҶʸӵǿӵġ
ͷҲǶˣҶʾһȫཻһ޴Ĳ
ҶüͷҪһˡ壬ȻгһôĿֲĹͷܹϵҶʽĲɱ
һЩıκεıǵ˫õӡõıһ˫ȭͷµ
һЩĲġԷķԵҪǿһģһ֮ǰҶ˻ʽȥԷʱѾǿ˵ġǣԷҶҪ΢СһЩġ
ǿ͵ĳ̶ȣͨͨĶֲ棬ѪкܴĹġĶܹһЩҶѪǿԱȵĻ϶Щġ
СӣȻ֪ʲôطѧⲻܽǼȻⲻܽߣǾӦöԷűأȻ˵ѾûˡǹͷǳӲҶʵļ£ȻҲͬĸҶ˼ºݵġ
ҶʱͷԶҪˣȻ˵岢û̫ܵĳҲ̫ܵӵġ
Ҳܽһʲô˲ġСүģ˻壬㶮ô˻ʣ㶮ôҶҲ˶ԷݺݵһȭֱӰǹͷ˳ȥһ㡣
ʱҶԼ࣬žһЩȻûܵʲôˣҶҲǾ÷ǳĲġ
۶ԷȻʲô鶼ûһͺ綼ϰһҶʸӵ˵ˡ
ҿͻͯȻҲôǿͣ㲻˲ܽʲôСӣȻҷ˵ԵǸϽĸߡģͿ᲻ܽһϣҲȻ㡣ǹͷ˵һšҶʶǸסˡ
ô֪һͯСԣ˼ܽҪͯôϹͷڻͯУҶһ£Ȼ˲䷴ӳ˹ץס˶Էϵ©
ҶЦˣҶᶼҪЦˡҶһֱææĶûʱȥúõȻҲûʱȥʲôͯе⡣һֱҶʵʹ
Ҷȥʱ䡣һˣȥ̻֮ءȻž⣬ȻǶˡڶϣõһʺ
һֱҶʷǳġȻҶȻȥһ̻֮ءҶһеˣһнڲٵˣһ׷ˡȻȥЩĵġ
ǣҲʱʱϷҶʵġһֱҶûа취ڲصʹ
ڣȻһӵ͵ˡͷսһͷͯıּ¼ͬôľ׵ġ
ͷ˵ĴУҶǶ֪ġǿһ£ͷѾϴ˶ôʱˡ
СǣȫǷЦšһǣҲǳ鴤飬ʵǲõСǵǰ۵ġûûƤĹ棬ҲǱһ
ڴҵĳЦͷԵǷǳƽġһһûһϵı仯


811 㣿
׳գʲôЦġһ׷ң׷̨һģÿһˡһжģֻشѡڴҵĳͷúǲܹ⡣˵һ䡣һӵĿеˡ
Ҷһ¸оԼһȭ޻һġЦĿģǱһĸоûСǾӵİ׳գУΪһ⡣
ҶͻȻ֪˵ʲôˡʱǹͷֶˣֱ̧Ҷѹɫƣһĥһּ̧޾
ǴҶѹгһӰǾ޴ϡ֮ǰҶɹķ档
ͷʩչһֲͬζ֮ǰħԵʶʩչȫһġҶʱܵľãεĸоҪгһЩͺԭӦӵһ
ҶҲڿٵӦǽҪľ޴ơ
ʱǷϢͻȻ仯ˡ֮ǰޱȣһ˲ħɭɭġͺʥޱȵһ˲ħһҶ˲ʧ
֮ǰħԵʶĹ̫ͬˡһ˲伫ģͻȻתΪһ̬Ĺ
ǿǲ˵ġҶҲû㹻ʱȥϸˡõȭͷǴ˳ȥѹ˵ײһ
͡Ƥ˺ѵҶһŶһԭûжľ޴ƣȴҶʴˡҶһ͸
Ҷһ£û뵽ôɡǰӵһţҪǿ֪ٱӵġ
ƣʵһѪɽʼٵĽ塣ȻҶʳ˹ҶʸС
Ҷʺܿľͷ쳣ڵһʱһ͵ӡԼȫĸ˽ȥ
䡱޴ıѵڤˣյġҶʵ˹
Ҷĵطֱӱסˣʲôˡԭֻһ޴ɫˮڻתš
ǶǱɫû뵽ͷͶ֮䣬ܹ˵Ŀֲ
ⱬըǶľġ֪Ҷʵֵܹܲڵ˭ҲﲻæģֻиҶˡ
˿קСȭͷָЩ׵ˡ
顱һɫ嵹˳ҽڤУǧɸߵ˻
Ҷʵ壬ȻЩңϢеģ̫΢Ҷһˡžͺãûз̵ϣ
Ҷʳڤӣٴվˮϡȡ̺ŵϢԼ塣
Ҷһõģ󲿷ֻнɫѪҺޱȵҡҶʵľܺãǸӵǿƵˡͷǿ󣬳ҶʵԤϡҶΪͷǿ־ˡ
ӦҲڰɡȻħԵʶʩչĻҪǿһеϢʲôľ͸˵İɡҶʵ˵ɾǵѪ
ˡͬһУҸӵǿȻΪϢԭһʼħɭɭġ辶һεʩչĸӵǿ󡣡ͷȴҡҡͷûͬҶʵĻ
ȷʵħԵʶʩչǿȻһʼϢȫ뷨ģɱǱǾ˵ġ
֮ҶôĴ֮ǰħʶʩչʱȱʶڸԤǹˡȻҶʺܵġ
ȱĹͷΪֱ֪ʩչûǹǿġû׳󣬽һ㣬ͻȻתΪǷ汾Ǵȱģ˹һ㣬ǲࡣ
ħԵɱ¾һЩȱĹͷʩչ֣ȻǲиԤģȫ˳ˡŸҶĴ
һõܵˡҶǲ֪ġû˻
˭ǿһЩǶҪܵ顣ҪģǴǡպã֮ǰҺǷǵˡҶɻһ£Ȼ͹ϵĲȥˡܶĵ˭ǿʲôˡЩʲôء
֮ǰڹͷºֵʱ򣬱ͷ˵˻ʽٴεĳҶʵС
ҶֱһĨһĿӡȻһץס˽
ɫѪҺ˳Ž»䣬ܿľȾ˻ʽ⻪貣ĸеĵƸӵˡʱܹɱ
Ƕһ㶣ҶҪʲôû˵УȰԼˡһսôѪҺġ


812 㻹ţ
ҶԲУԾĻǡΪǶҶǷǳεģ֪ġȻǱԴ
ԾʵǹͷСҶʴŴţǴ򲻹ˣͿʼԲˡ
ͷЩסˣҶʲɱأԴҲһЩġĿֲȻҪġҪȻ鷳ʹȥˡ֪һǷ񣬻ɶôƻǴȱһЩʶ뵽ġ
Ҷʵ̫ˣֱġʵҪ⡣ٵǿʵǿȴ¡ΪʲôⶼΪеһȥҶʲͬˣֻҪǰҶŪΣȻԼ֪һЩʲôаʶ뵽ġ
ǵУҶô⣬ԲСڴҶʵһĹ۵㣬˫뷨ǳһµˡ
ڰҶץסָ֮һЩʲô顣ȻǰҶץס֮ſǵˣȫǲȥôˡ
ʩ̫бˡԼܹôĲ̣㲻áʵʵıƶɮȻ˰ɡͷдһȻҶʳ˹ˡ
ҪҶⲫǾ˵ķǿеĿסҶʵĹȻҶʸߡ
ǹͷдֵľͳ˹ˡҶҲģֱһǹͷ˹ȥˡ
ͷҲûж룬ҶĹ̫ƽˡֻܹ˵һ㡣һͨ飬һܽô׵˻áǶڹͷĲܽ˵˵ȫûһô
ڱܣͷлûֱҶʵһԼҪ΢΢ĲܿҶʿ򲱾һԼļӲȥҪӲҶʵһ
еĽûȡ֮Ƥ˺ͷһ¡ȻתͷԼļ
ͷдһֱ۱ҶʲͿ˵ġֻʣһƤšдѪȪһܿľͰѹͷеİӶȾˡ
ͷЩѪǰãô֣ԼѪֱӰѶԷȻˣʲôûˣȻҲѪġ
ͷϵѪ΢ѪΪͷв̫α˵ѪѪĳ滹ǼñȽϵĶġǹͷоûܹסģûʲô󰭡
ͷεԼѪΪһԼļ˴ѪҺͷоͷۻģɫҲһӱĲҰ׵ˡ
ĻûôĿŵġ֮Իӣ΢Ѫ֢״ˡ
ȻǳĲǹͷлǿҵռϷ磬ͷҲôѣεˡǿеֹס˼ϵ˿ڣȻٵ˺
Ӧһ˿ڵͷеɫøӵѿˡǳľ֣ȼ˷滹Ҫ֡
ԭ㲻ǲܽǲս塣һ˵ôšǴǸ˵ôͷдʧɫſ˵һ˭Ҳûܡ
˵ҲʲôܽҲӦĸҰһսĳƺİɡ˵ʲôǸǹƨ¡ҶһͷˮǳĲ׶Էôô֡
֮ǰ˵һѴҶĻȻʲôϵҶʾǷǳĪġԼǴоԶ˻壬ʲôս塣Ǵ޵ļУҲû˵ʲô֮Ķ
ͷûлشҶʵĻֻǶҶʿͣġĴţҪҶʿ͸һ
Ҷȫûд·һԷ̫ԵˣҶЩܲˡ
ˣֲˣ˵֮ǰˡ߳һ·£̫ˣֲûô˼ɵͷжҶʵ˵ڲϵıãЩ۽ǵɨӡ
ʲô߰ġĻǲˮ̫ˣˮˡҶʱԷŪЩˣҡҡͷȻĺš
Է۽ǵ⣬õҶҲĿ˵ġ뵽˶ԷĴ㣬Ҷһ㶣ԷҪ·
ʩ߰ɡ̵ǣҪʴȣҪҪؿ㡣ͷ˫ֺʮҶĵвһ˿ɱ⡣ΪԷһֱ۲ȫĶϵ˵ģڵǷǳĹġ
Ҿȥķ档ҶôܾôءԵԼѪҺԶԷźǿĿƵáʱ֣ҶǾ÷ǳĲĵġ
װðװϽ·ͻȻϢһߣޱȵаˡʶռĵλȾܡ


813 ͷ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ԷôĹϡôġҪ
뵽˵аʶҶ˲䷴ӳ˹ˡ˵ôĲҪĻûʲôܵİɡ
վסðܡҶʴŭԼǴѪˣǴѪˡΪҪжԷڶԷҪ·ҪͷܵˣҶʲǿô
Ҷ˻ʽʱǹͷ׷ȥٶȷɿ죬ΪҶʸѪĴ۲Żġ
ˣǹͷеٶȻҲǷɿ죬Ҷʱ˲ֹһġҶܹ׵ĸ϶Էٶȣܹںʵʵ˲ĳͷСȻͻȻĳֱӾ͸ͷһºݵġ
ͷбϾǹͷǶһ޶ĹͷСʶʶĺôǰȻһֱڱ˴ģڣͷҶ
ߵʶ໥ϣϸĸ֪ΧһСϾͷеΪҪҶǿܶģҶǽסͷгƽġ
ǿҶʵʶ໥ϣ֪̽ҶʵķλܹڵһʱͷҶʵλõġȻǰıܿ
ҶȻٶȿ죬Ҳ첻Էʶĸ֪׷˹ͷа죬ûиͷд̫˺ġ
ͷҲܲģٶȲҶʡҶʱȵһСķΧػصת
ҶҲżֻҪûֻܵҪԼǾͷǳĺõˡԷʶϾȫ෴ģеаһҪܶġˣҶʾֻҪôĵϷȥȻԼ¶ġ
Ȼܿͳ˵ġΪҶ׷˴ˡһʵôǿļһȴΪǿҵĿãǲܹҲӭս׷˴ˡǷǳջ˶зʱ򡣴ȱķҲɱʱ
ˣʶŭˣ޲ðҶʸ˺飬Ȼһһĳȥġ
ǣҲֻܹ룬ҶʵѪҺǲҽӴΪз꣬Ϊߵϡ
Ҷץס˻ᣬڶԷϣػصŪ˺üĿӵˡöԷѪעģһѪˡһֵ·ҲǸӵֵˣõˡ
ʩ̫ˡҾ㣬үҲŭġǹͷмܲˣڵһʶѾǳˡ
ôȥֻӿԼġȻĪıҶʸĸص˿ڵˡ
˹ͷвܵˣվԭؿڴšοڵģȻǸȱʶ
ԷҲȫתдһΰڲڻҶӡ
Ҷʾܵ˺ܴƣеɱ⣬ȻĪʧ˺ܶࡣҪҪָŶԷߵĴˡ
ָоǳĿ£ʶǷǳѵġֻһֱһϵİʾԼô
үҿŭ𵽵ʲôӵİɡҶʴһԪϵ𶯣ǰδ֪ϵġ
ӷ𡣡ǹͷп߶һ䣬Ȼڤ֮һӴתת
ڤ֮ϣһ˶ۿɼٶڻʢۿȥڤ֮϶һƬ׵ޱȵʥ࣬ȴôаĵط
һƵƮɢͬǶûʲôĸõġҶһڣоˬģǳʲôƣʧ˵ġ
ۻУʥĻꡣǳľӾЧҶǱԷĴֱʸס˵ġ
׵Ļ꿪ʼҡҷȻǻ֮ſƮɢ
Ļ궼Ʈա
֮ϳһӰһƬ֮ϾһͷУڤվŵһ޶ġ
еһĴȱ࣬еһ˶ɵı顣춼ǻ꣬ĶӰ
еĻϵӰһĶ̧֣Ҷʰȥˡ
䡱նȥˡһɾ˵ΰ
Ҷս죬ݺޱȡĽⲻʱΧһС
ǹͷǿҶҲǿ󣬽ϱɫ˻ѪҺȾÿһεĹܹôƬ
Ҷʥ֮轣ǳʫ黭⣬Ҫ飬ȴһ㶼ʫ黭ġ
ҶͻȻʧˣٴεĲʱռԭʧˡ
ͷܼĻڵסĵطҶʵŭ
֮ǰҶһߵķţһڸӦŶԷķλġΪһԷ϶ǲҪϵĵģֻҪԷڿƣǾܹҵ
˵ǣҶҵˡ


814 γ
ҶֱΧĻ꣬·Ĺͷи¶˳ˡͷһľֵı飬û뵽ҶʾȻܹôľҵġ
ҶǴŲ̵ЦݣܹĿԷϵľֵı顣
֮ǰڲģһһһ磬ͬǷŵĲľѧҲ˵ҶʲڱĵطģǾû֪طĿԵˡ
һһʩչ˳ͻڵһġĶǻ꣬ĶӰܹһͬŹйͷеϢģʵϢ
ôϢĸţҶôôľҵԼģͷһ㶼벻׵ġ
Ҷʷ˻ʽ˫ץסٵ䣬Ȼ˻ʽֱŹͷеĹͷϲ˹ȥ
ԽԽˣҶʶܹоͷеϢˡ˫۽ĶŹͷеĹͷҶʾԼ۾ҪϹһ΢ţֻһ϶ˡ
ͷдУڵĽɫԪȫ˳ˡȫ˲ӽɫⶼǡǽˮɵһ
һ̣ͷзݵİԼ嶼תˡһ̬ǽǿޱȣޱȡ
ǹͷвҪҶʳֵʱʵ̫ˡͷһ׼ûеģȵͷо쵽ˣѾ˵ġ
ϡһ죬˻ʽ׼ȷĴ˶ԷСҶһ̣ǳĸлԷͷŶԳƵĺڵ㡣ΪԷʵ̫ˣҶʵ۾ҪϹˡ
ͰѶԷǲһɫ˳ҶǱȶŵĺڵ㣬мһλֵġ֮ǰѾǹ۲ˣӦþԴġ
˻ʽ棬˴ĻǡһΣô׵ľܹ͸ġԷһ̣˻ʽѷɫ˶ٵġ
һĽ۱ҶʰȾѪ˻ʽҪһЩġ
͡һ죬ҶһǽʵʵĴ˽ȥˡҶ̫֪Դ֮⣬ֹͣ
ͷдһԽԽеǴȱʶϢҲ˥ȥˡ
ǲӽɫ壬λεķû˾˥ġͷеһΪ峹׵Ϊһˡʶȴҷˡ
Ļ꿪ʼٵĿήĹڿлƮɢҶʵ壬Ҳϴ¶˳ˡ
Ҷʣţôͽ˶Էˡ¶壬Ƕһ£Ȼһ˷ܡ
ҶӮˣӮˡûв˵ĵ֮ǰĹͷеǿÿһ˶ǿģ˶ûеס
ڻûǳ֣ҶʾԼˡҲǶһЩġ
ҶҲǳһǰ鷳ĹͷˣЩѲİ
Ҷ˫Ųڹͷʬ˫֮ϣ鳤˻ʽɵޱȣûմȾһ˿ۻĶ
ҶʣСһЩԶԶԣһ㣬ǧ˵ˡ˻ʽסˣҶʲòҡ˻ʽʱдһҶʶһ
ӦǹͷеĶ֮ǰȻһֱûзκεֱҶʿܲ˵ŷ
Ҷʻվڱ˵ļ֮ϡҪͻȻһǧɱʲôġԼǵù˵ôҶ˲ľѹôһ˲ԵǿҵĲġ
Ҷʴһγһĳٴεİȥ
Ҷ˵ˡ˵СһôôëëġҪ㻹ҵͷʲô֪İаֵĴţ
Ҷôܻγ˻ʽôڶԷУакǿĿõġҪǰγˣԷͻȻô졣
ҶڵλãǺΣյģپջǾ÷ǳûаȫеİ
ҶֱӴӶԷļͷ֮뿪һεľ롣
Էôİ񣬲ûκεı仯ȻҶʵ˻ʽĿúܴǴаûеӻعԵʶСǱС
֮ǰаоΣգһʱʶű˱ҶʸһŪľ档ûҶһ
Է֮ǰûпڣֱʶҶʽ
˵ҶʡϽİ˻ʽôĲҵϣһ㶼۵ӰҾú֣ԴصġҶֻԶԶˣûһĶаˣڴߴš
Ҷһͷ亹⻹Ի˵İǰԼ˵İҶǵвѵİ


815 ǰ
ҶôԷȡء֮ǰĴսѾҶĲСˡңУʧ˵ġ
Ҳ˵ҶʰѶԷһſԵûлȥɱԷˡ
ûлɱԷбԷһ򾡵ĿܣܻǳĴġ
γôܣôʵʵĴŰɡҶһûκεĶҪҲпܵġֻҪʵʵĻشҵĻͿˡ
شĻǺðʲôϲˡȰγôúõԻءҪ֪ģӦйطŵİɡǿ˵֮ǰǰ׳һûбҸӵ˽ŵ˵ˡаȡţϣҶܹ˻ʽγ
㻹ͦ֮ǰĹͷǿܶࡣҲٷĻˡǲڰ˻ʽγġΪʲô뵽ͬĶҶʵ˵ǳֱףҪаˡ
ʲôˣʲôû밡аģΪԼȡҪǲγҾͲúõĽġ
ҶʾöԷԼ̣ɵƶõ飬Լ벻ôʵЦ
ҶҲ˵ϻˣֱ̧ңң˻ʽѹһ¡ǱͲڶԷϵ˻ʽȥһ˿ľ롣
˺ˡҽʲôѹˡϽʰɣһ֪޲޲ġаû뵽ҶôĹϣԺˡȥһ㣬Ѿܹ˵аˡ
ΪҶʻԷŵһзǳĸȤӡû뵽ҶҲܹȫӡ
ϾҶʱˣ֮ǰûţҲǻ˵ô֮ǰ֮ԻȤȫΪҶͻȻһ֪ܡ
֪˷ǳĲ֪ҲνӡôôȥƴģҪȥƴҶҲԵʲô֪һġ
Ǻã˵ɡҲˡ֪ʲôȫ˵ҶһתԪΧԪָԼһߵаġ
аĬĬļƽһ£Ȼܿ˾һεҲʧˡǸҶܹôءңʱ䣬뱣İ취Ҫġ
Ҷ֪ʷĻҪԶǳֹһġǾڶˣаҲ˵ǺľˣʬڤСȻ˵ڶʶĸ˵ġ
һ£ͷбеʱ䣬ֱӵĴӴ½ĨȥһʲôϢûġ
Ǹ䣬ǳǿƬ·ϵˡǴ󲿷ֵǶԼǣһֽѧĶϵͻңھǱļޣΪǿ󲻹
ǣһЩˣʶʶУžǴʶ£Ҳǿ
ŶܹǿôֻҲԪġǰһרŵġ
Ҷʾ÷ǳȤԼһЩ̲ͬסĿʵ
ϻȻǿޱȡûκενԪĲرԴϵĴԼ塣ܹ˺ասǿҲӦΪǿǳľˡа˷ۣΪûȫϣҶʲûп
һʶһǾԼǿġȻǶϵġսϵģ˭Ҳûа취κε˭
ǿսȻѧǿһЩʶǿߣ岻̫ܹʶʶѧߵ㡣ˣ˫Ƕһ൱ġ
֪ΪʲôͻȻ仯ˡǴķĳˣܲ½ܹ׵ĸɱǿʿ
ͷеǰôȥ˵ġ֮ΪصĴ䣬÷ٵûˡ
֮ǰõʲô벻ܽӦþǵʱѧһˣҶķǳϸȵԷˣſʵ
ˣǷţҪʶġʶϵ׷ҪģҪġҶʵϣԷһ𰸡
֮ǰ˵ĲսʲôҶʳԼҪ֪һ𰸡˻岻ڵųֵô˵֮ǰѾˣһƺ
ս壬ƺһľǲܡͬ׵УûܹġһֱȵǵǶһûһεսܡǺĺ񡣡аһ𰸡


816 ǰҲ֣
Ҷ𾪣ԼѪȾ˻ʽͷ˶Է塣ԷȻ˵ԼӦǰ˾Ųʮˡ
Ҳ˵˻˵ԼѪôļ򵥵İֹ˻崫ļеЩˡ
Ҷʷǳ𾪣ڻԼõһеϢҲ۷׷ףа˵ǣ𾪡̾ԷʱһеĴ
Ϊʲôؾޱ䣬˭˵ˡһôûˡȻȻδ֪̫ʱڡ
ҪɵҶסаֲͳΪһõܵˡ
ôģ˵ģ˵ģҶˡֻǲǸôĲ׵ʧˡȻʲôûԷ˰ɡҶ˼۵ʱаһֱûдߴ١ʾԼĻǾסģûʲôġ
ҶʵѾǻָˣһҪԼеۻ֮ȫ³һġ
аôĶࡣҶҲ˼ԷĻӡҶˣûпڣҶסĶԷҶʲôľҲ÷ġֻǲϵҶʣһһǳĲǵѡ
ȻԡҶȫûŪ״ҵĻһȻڴӦˡҶ죬Ǳˡ
úúáҾ֪ս壬ǲǸˣڵĳƺˡ˵ĻҲһһԾŶģ˵㻰ġҶʴӦˣаԵƬ̵ġ
Ȼаڴ飬ķʱ򣬻Ǿ÷ǳĲ˼ġаĴ˵ġ
ˣҶʴӦˣаǳĿģϵҶʵƨ
Ȼ˵һ㻰ġһ⣬ΪʲôĲܽôҵѪҺҶһ˵ţһǷɵ˶Էļͷվˡ˫֣İ˻ʽǸ˲ֵˡ
ܽǷŵһڣݲսصԴģȻȱݵġѪҺ廹һšֻҪһȭǵ׵ʿܹһɱġΪ˱ֳԼĳ⣬аԱһԼ
ţˣˡҲûʲôˣȥҶһ̧صĲ˽֮ϡǸոճһֵ˻ʽҶһŸȥڶԷ϶Դ
ԷʶҶʸˣѸٵɢ˿Ҳ˿ƵȫˡһĹʣĶҶʣûҶΪʲôôĿ졣
˻ʽѾȫĽʶˡ۾ʱѾǵ˼޵ˡܿٴεİȥһֱʧҶôͻȻıġ
׳գôܻߡһֱŶҵɱ⣬ΪҸоôȻǴȱʶҲΪֵܹģһֱҪ𣬼㱾ͿҲˬҶվڹͷеǰ˵ҲܶԷõǸģڸԼһҲҪҡΪûж֡
Ҷʣû뵽ôյİҶΪҪ˶Էˡ
ǰˣҶҪǲӱˡ
ɷ򣬾Ӧ˾ǵˣǲܹŹġֱɱ˵ĺá
Ҷû˵ǽɫǣҶʵǰˡͷϵĿ׶ʼһ˿һ˿ϸܵѺۣܲ塣ȻͻȻѵˡ
һһĲӽɫĽڤУܿľͱڤӸˣʧˡ
ǰһͬǿԪͻȻһӾͱˣʧˡҶǾһεһЩϵģҶãεһĳ֣϶ǰһͬġ
ͬĨɱȫȻµĿʼһµļԪµµϵ
ĻĺҲֲ̫ˡֶΣֱеʧȻµĿʼĻĺΪʲôҪʲôҶʾͲ֪ˣֲҪֱȥ׷Ļֵˡ
УҶʾԼѪҲôļ򵥵ˡĻĺ֣ӦһЩġӦһֱʲô֣ӦļʲôģԺҲ
ҶʼյǾӦ׼ģһԪʱ򣬾Ѿǿʼ׼˵ġ
ҶͻȻԼٶʵ̫ˡҪʵǿһЩѪԼ༤һ֣Ӧþܹ֪һЩ𰸵ˡҲڵһһͷӬ


817 ǰ
Ҷʵ״̬Ҷǿ˵ġ׵Ļ˵ˣһǳ˵ġҶڵǺ͸һ߶մȾϵİ
תһ룬Ҷ˹ǹͷ˵ʷǰڴҵĳȷʵЩ̫˵ġ˶ĸоһѹȸеġҶʾһεʷǰĴе񣬾ҲͬǸо˵ġ
ʵֻҪһģ׵ľܹһġܹ˼ӱΪеٮٮߣȻΪģǴҶܹϵġ
ͬģҲʲôֻһ·ҶʵĹâ̫ʢˣڸ˵Ĺâ˶ǲ˼˵ӣȻϰ鷳ʲôĶҶʵġ
İɣе鷳ǻеġΪ֪Ķˣ鷳ͱС˵ġȥôĶֻ࣬ɥʧ־ġֻҪˮڣʲôȥĿء˾һȥһεļԪһúսѵõижߵҶʵߣִĴҶʵļ
Ҳǣʲô˵ءȥˣȥȡˣŬˡǷǳĻҲûа취ˡһԪֲܹս壬һԪ˻壬˵ʵһе֪һԪһʲôĳƺҶʶս¶һЦһã뿪˵ġ
һ£ҷһ鷳飬Ҫ˵һ¡Ҷʿڴȣ˶Լ
ʲô鷳顣ǲǰ·գ鷳ΣգܻľȥǲǻҪһڻҪҪ˳԰ɣҶʵĻ䣬Ҹոյİ˿ڽȥҶʵĻˡ
ֱ˵˴Ҷ뵽˵Ļ˶ǻĵıЦЦޱȵˬʣܹеĸȫʧġ
Ҷʲ˵ˣһ·ϣԼһ룬㶼˵ĻˡÿһҶ룬һô˵ʱһ᲻˳ġÿһ˵ʱСĸΰͨͨͣġãǶˡߵˣǻȴô˵ˣλǰͷ󲻼·ġҶǹİɡ˵һ棬һ߿Ц˵
ô˵Ҷ΢Цǰһ·Ͼε˵һ·ϻǳѣǳ鷳ÿ˶Լܹŵʲôʱ򡣵ÿһΣҶȻȻĸˡ
˵ĻЩˡҶʵĺ⣬Ҳ˵ġ٣ҶΪǿǵģûӣҲûӡ
ȿȡҶʸɿ£һΡǱȽϵϤ˰ҶܹµҪ˵ʲôˡ
ǿĵЦܹ֪Ĳôһôˡһ˶ٵ鷳ˣҪǻܹ֪Ҷʲô̫һˡ
Ҫ˵ĻֹЩҶҲ¶Цݣ˲ٵˡ
ŶʲôֻҪǻȥȥġ˵ˡһ㶣û뵽ҶҪ˵Ĳ
һ֮ǰǹͷо˰졣ҲǿеĽסԼʵȥˡ˶ԷͻȻ֣Ԫ˵ӣҪͻˡҶԽ·һݵĵҶ˵ȫתԪһ㶼ûΡ
дһ죬Ԫٵıӿɵġ⣬ҶʵϢҲǴﵽһܸߵĵز۷״̬ĲţǿȻֵ
ЩҶʵʵѾǴƿˡʱпһġʱҶʾ׵ǿˡǵĵȽһˡңҶʵսҪǿһЩܹһԾΪһСһġ
Ҷһ£Ȼ׷׵ĵءҶŶ꣬Եʷĵһôʱ򣬾ôǿսʿˡ廹壬ʹС
ʱ򣬴ҶĵĵصġڴҶΪͬһĿܶġҶǿһЩҶʵս˵ġսˣҶδ֪ΣգҲôĿֲˡ
ô˵еڶһ³˫һ˵ɡϲƬ֮˿˵֮ǰҶʵӲֻһµİ
⻹еڶҪ˵ġҶʹͣƬ̣ҶǼеĿԼǣŽ˵˭˵ͷˡѾǿյˡԶߣǰˡ
Զߣǰ


818 ·
Ҷôһ˵Ҷһӣû׹Ȼ󣬴˺üӵˡ
˺ü֮󣬻ûзҶ˵յʲôطµȫɫڤˮˮɫҪµˡ
Щʲôû˵ġʲôͷҶʲԺ˰ɡɲʲôİ
һʼǵķǴ˵ġҵķӦҶʾúΪҶҲǸողףһʼǴ˵ġ
ˣʲôġǴӰ߳Ȼһֱֱߵǰģһֱûйģʲô˵ġ治⣬ڷУ滹ǷǳŵġһҶ֮ġ
ǵģһֱֱǰȷʵûйġǲŴˡȷķ򣬲ڤ֮ϣڤӵ档ҶָŽµĿ͸ڤӣķǳĿ϶˵
һǷǳɻԵĲšҶҲķϻˡٵӡһĽɫķĴҶʵ˳ӡΧС
ҶӡٶԽԽ죬ǷĳֵҲԽԽˡܿľͰնˡգҫŵĽ⣬ǳҫۡ
ڤ֮Ͽʼ˲ˣ޷ˡ˻ǷǳСȻԽԽߴЯߵҲԽԽǿˡ
һ߸ߵͷˡƬڤӶҵķ޾ʶģĲʬŭ
Ҷʴһ˫ǰ߻Ҷʵֱ΢΢Ĳţǳĳ
ǿµһĻǳˣڤҶʵĶ¡Ҷ˫ַֿλ𣬻ԷֿмѺۡ
ѺԽԽԽԽƬڤˮҶʵĶ£ķֿˡ
ʱҶˣҶʵĿƣڤˮڼݡ
䡱һ죬쿪һһľ죬ҶʶƬ̡Ҷʺܿľͻعˡ
ƬڤӣǱҶʸֿˡԵǴֱʵİ⿴̫ڵˡȫľͲܹﵽֶεİ
ѿڤӵײһͨһͷˮ֮ϣһͷˮ֮ӣһֱԶ˾ͷӡ
ͨߣǸ߸ߵˮǽһֿΰţûͨӵġ
Ҷʣ㵽ʲô쵽ģʵһʱĳˣſҶʵļͷϣЩˡǳʵˡ
ڤнģȻҲǰõġǣҲֻܹ޵ķΧŰġƬڤӶǲܵӵġҪ˵ֱӰڤӸһΪˡ
ô˵ҲǷǳĳԾġҪ˵ûдﵽ׵ҶʣЩ׵ǿ֣Ҳǲܰ쵽ġ
ܼ򵥣ôҪ뿪ڤӣֻ·һͨͷ·һǾԭ·أ͵ûҶʻĵϢȻǽš
ոǿзֿڤӣҶʾ÷ǳĳġһڤӶԿȻ˵ûܵƬڤӴѹҲ˭ܹܵġ
Ҳ˵Ҫڤӣһǵǹͷ鷳Ȼڶȥǹͷе鷳ȻҶʵ˵
ʵҲҶʻɱ˹ͷеĵһʱ䣬ȻڤڤиӦġ˹Ԥģ˹ôġҪ赲ߵȥ·ȴһ˿ĿܣҶǸо֡
Сӡ˵֮ǰ㻹õʲôϢսֱӵȻһѵĹסҶʵĲӡ
Ҷôһ˵սǺܿҲӦ˹ˡҶ֮ǰǵ뷨һģͻȻͱˡ֪ȥ·ǰϵôһ룬Ȼ˹ˡ
ûˡǺҪҵ˹ĲõġһɱǹͷеʱȻӦһεĲҶҡҡͷʾԼʲô֪ˡ
𰸶ڴҵԤ֮еˣǵ˵ĵ̣ôܻʲôôġ֮ԻôһֵģǶȤζĽİɡ
߰ɣȥҶ˻ʽӰ׵нӹ˰˿Ȼһȵ֮ͨϡ
սҲǿٵĸϣһ𻺻ǰߡ
һͨϣҶû˵СĵĸӦΧһСֻ˵ĽŲڻ졣
һ·ϲûʲôΣաԽ룬ԽֻдϵԪɢŵĹâŽµĵ·Χ޵Ŀռ䡣


819 ʯʨӣ
ͨУһĶʪȻΧڤˮûһڤˮġ
աһĽŲ𣬴˷ģ֮⣬ûκε
Ҳ֪˶õˣǰǳɵ⡣ܹһӴģĶˡ
СһЩյˡҶС˵ʵҶ˵˶Ѿ˵ġ
ǹâڤӵľͷҶҲڲſġҪ˺һЩǿ˵ġһ£Ǹжôľ޴ġ
ȻСģҶǻǼӿ˽µĲӵġٵǰ˹ȥ·ϵ˲֪೤ʱˣڤûͷӬһģһ˺ܾõˡȻ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Ӧǲ̵ˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô仯ûˡҶȻûиоطʲôĶӦ˵ԷĵƻûƿġϢж̫õˣǺǵĵˡ
ҶǿԽԽǰķԴҲǿԽԽˡ
һӴĽʮֵĶأĹ붫ĹĽϡвȱϸϵۼ
ǹ̫ˣվǹǰҶǾеһ΢ʵ̫Сˡǹ֮ǰ̨ףÿһ׵̨Ҷǵǰһľڡ
һֱΪһġû뵽˸ˡҶ棬ôӴĽͷƤˡ
ҪǸǿ߾סĻסǿߣǹˡȲ˵ΪôӴĳ̶ȣԵƽˡ
Ҷʣǵʲôطˡⲻʲô˵ĳѨɡҪôߴľˣܹסĹ֮еİǶһ𾪣ȻǱŵ˵ġ
ԵĿһ£һôľ޴ġһǣܹסϰ࣬дƬĿտĻĵطġ
ͬĴСȻֻ޽һһ˾סһ룬ҶǵͷƤ顣Ȼ˵ʲôԽսԽǿġܹôӴ壬ǿ͵ĳ̶ȣӦҲǲ͵ˡ
ǶԷһκε֮ķϲģ壬ܹҶǸƵͶ·ġ
߰ɣˣȥҶʿڣȵĳԾ˵һ̨ס
ˡ̨׶һ£ҶֻǾý˼µġͷЩˡ
ҶʣСġҶʻûлعʱ·˾ֵĽ
顱һ죬ҶֱӵıײضгͻȻ˾޴Ҷһ˲ľʧȥƽ⡣
ҶʻûŪʲôȥ壬һεıǿҵײһ¡ٴεıı˷Ҳ˹ˡ
Ҷٴεĸоǿľ紵˹ˡϽƣҲఴȥ
նҶʸˡеĸֵĴķģȫˡ
һεĹûʲôЧֻҶܵĳ˰ˡоǿײԼС
ҶǼʱȥһµˡȻٴε׷ˣû֮ǰôҡҶʽסٵĳſ˹Լʲô
ͷݵʯʨӣСɽͷһĸߴ˻һĶӲңϵëȻ΢΢ɶҪɫ󣬻֮ǰײҶʸд˵ʵأҶΪѪˡ
𡭡ƺǶҶʾȻЩͷʯʨͬʱ̧ͷеҶһŭնˡ
ҶɢǿҵĽ⣬סΧһƬգû
ҶʻڴʯʨӵʱͷʯʨͬʱĳҶʿٵɱ˹ˡ
ҶѸٵһתͷɱʯʨҶʵ彻Ȼ˲ֱ֣һưͷԶȥ˵ʨӵƨϡ
ͷʯʨԵǾҵһµġȻԸӿٶȷ˳ȥص̨֮ϣײ̳
ҶȻĳֵġͷʯʨӵ̫ˡҶЩƲ㣬Ǿ޴ʯʨӵеʱѾǱ˴ġвֱӵǷ˻ˣҶʵҲЩ򼱵Ĳһ
ǰζݵĽ֣ҶҲǿһЩĶˡǾǶԷϷǳĬһһҶʾ÷ǳץ񡣲ܹöԷֵˡ
ҶʿٵĶ˼£ڲȻһԾұߵʯʨ˹ȥ
֮ѡʯʨӣΪԼҲܵˡ


820 ǻ
䡱ҶǴһʯһ㣬ֱӵ̳еʯʨӵıϡǱ˵ʯʨӣٴεıҶʸһӲȵſˡ
µʯʨӣзһƺߵϵţҶСС壬һħɽһ㣬ȵѹʯʨӵıϡʯʨӲôġ
𡭡һͷʯʨӷŭˣͬ鱻˵ϡҶһ
ǴŵĴУӴԪۣȻһ˲˳һЩϸСʯϣҶط䡣
ҶʱһԾʯʨӵıȻһʯʨӵƨϡҶʱӴʯʨӱҶһŸ߷ˡ
ۡһܼĴʯȫʯʨӵĸϡһϸܵʯۣǲ֪ʯ˵ģʯʨϱģ˵߶С
顱һ촫ʯʨӱҶʵ˹
֮ǰʨӿеԪ׼ȷʯʨӵĸʯɽ̳졣һΣҶʿԷǳ϶˵ʯǱԼĵùϵġ
Ҷ֣һƬĽƣİʯʨӵıϡ˼ΣͰǾ޴ˡ
ȻҶٴεչʾˣʲôıѧ
ֱץʯʨӵβͣСɽʨӣҶʸ
һ֣ʨӵǴһͷ
Ҷʵʱ뵱ĵλģڶԷ󣬾ȥδʱҪǿҵķû㹻ʱ׼ֻܹǰƶһ£ҪܿԷĹ
ǶԷ̫ӴˣҶеġǴҲ̫ڵӴ˵ġҪǶҲУҶʶԻȥ˵ġ
䡱ʯʨ롰ǴһεܵĽӴʯǿľҷɣĵһ̨׶ǾҵĻζһӵˡ
̳ɢȥǴ°ЩȱˡʯʨԴҲһĿӶֻҲǲɵˡ
Ҷ˺üµģֱֻʯʨӶŪòӵˡ֣ú󳣳һ
нһ˻ʽСһһ貵ĽͷʯʨӱһΪпޱȵ롣
ԿǱп˵ʯʨӣʯ̺ڿٵʧ˿СʯʨӵҲԽԽˡȻ顱һһصķɻҡ
ҶʣоôԴûײҶʽʯʨӣսҲٵĳ˵˵ţսҪȥҶʵԴ
ȥȥȥһȥҶĵսҪҵ֡ǿûУ⵽ʲôطֵġ
Ҷʲôûпġ󣬴Ի΢΢ѣεʱ򣬹Ѿ˵ġҶʱһֲ
͵ϮʯʨӣֻһЩûйǿʵҶʾѾ˵ġ
ˣӦ̨׵ˡôӴģôĻĹ϶ÿһޱȵľġ̨׵࣬һЩĵƣҲǷǳġǰˣ˵
Ҷʿ˿ȻȻĵ˵ͷЩһûԼĹءֱǹһİסĵطȻǲˡ
˵䲻ĻЩ˶ܹסôľĵطһȻûпÿһ͸¶Ŵÿһ¶ǿߣסĵطȻǲôĲˡ
ҶʾĿһ£̨׵ľͷĺۼģ֮ǰʯʨӵĶŵĵطİɡ
Ǵֱʵİ⿴ŵôôĶ࣬ȥûİҶ̾һǿͷ̨׷㶡
ɣǻҶܹ֣ʱϢս룬Ȼ󿪿˵
һ·ϣҶǴʵˡսǶЩˡڣΪҪ̨ײܹȻ㹻ʱϢġҲ㹻ʱ׼սҲҪˡ
ãûʲô⡣Ҷ붼ûʹӦˡҲ̫ǶܹԸġ
ңҶҲҪǵǱӵġһԼ֮ǰò˶ٵġ
ս˶һûи˿ڵĻᡣֱӵľͳ̨ȥˡ
һΣҶûȥķǳս̨ףһ˲һǿҵĹ⻪Ȼ⣬ڿٵĳս
Ϊ֮ǰҶʵʾһսһЩ׼ġȻǲµˡ
սΪҪǿһЩһߡ΢һ£˹ͬһߡ˫


821 öԸ
սֱӵȡһѳİ׹ǴûκεϢɢȴΧϢǾҵ½Ҷʸоǿ޾ɫʬɽѪһ㡣Ӧ׹Ǵɱ¾̫ˣŴϵӰ
һѴӣͬʱõһЩʾһЩӨ׵ɫʣͬϢ
ûκεĶг˼ǼڷһҶһ£ǶԷĶصĹ֮û뵽츳ôǿӿ컹ҪǿһЩ
ⵥԡԵǸӵʺһЩġȻƣӣܹӿӵǿô
Ҷ۽ǵ⿴һӿ죬һֱϸˣһһ㶼ûԼЦݵġ
һУûпȻĻֲ֪ԴҪöߵˡ
֣ûκεӦΪļһ壬ҲȷʵǲҪκεıġܹʲôܹһģܹʲôܹһĵӦֵġ
սȵĹġΪһΣߵĳٶԵҪұߵġ
Ҳǹģȥλǫ̀׵ĵӡƫһЩλáߵľҪһЩȻߵĹȵˡ
ҲкôġսУʱұߵĹûеǻܹæġҪұ߲УսѾǽߵĹˣܹתұߵǵġ
һ㣬Ҷǵ˵ͷҶ֮ǰѾǸʾˣվ̨׵мʲôĺġͬʱܵĳҶҲܲ˵ġ
ˣôƫһߵվλʵõˡܹ㹻ʱģǳĲ
׹Ǵ˲ĻӰصˡûǳӰ֮ϡһƬʬɽѪڰ׹Ǵߡ
Щǰ׹Ǵɱ¾̫࣬ӡĲӡǡԽ࣬׹ǴԽһֱôĽȥܹʲôӣ˭ǲ֪ġ
顱һ˶ľ촫˳ս׼ȷĿֱ꣬ӰѳĶ˵ϣ̨׶ǻζһӡ
սһȻ֮ǰҶʵսЩʯһЩŵĹơԼܹܲܵסⲻ̫õĹƵġһ֣սд󶨡
ͬʱĵĻأսһ˶ܹ飬ܹͬġȻ˵սսҪǿһЩģҲֻһߵġԶԶûҶ֮Եġ
ˡĬĬʾԼһ£Ȼϵĳ֡
ǰ죬ֱǰ˳ȥһ𷢳½һ㡣
׼ȷĲס˳ӰȻؾеĴӾĴȥһӨɫĹâһĻڶûеģ׼ȷĴ˶Է֮ϡ
žһ죬ǳƤϵ
ƺһһ
Ҷ˫ŽɫĻһĶ̳֮Сǿ˵ôһ
ǳͷʯͷߣȻѪһģ쳣еȫеġ
֮ǰеͷսһûаͷáʯͷ߻Ķ˲Ťֱӵβսֱصĳһӵġ
սĵĺֱϻģһĿӣѪҺܿļȾ˰ļ
սԿһߵ˲ķӦ˹ȻǲҹĽӴˡ˲ջ˴ӵˡϵļҲһ󲨶ֱӰʯͷ߸˳ȥˡ
ˡһɫĳβ;ʹ˵ǰɨǲ˵·
սû°ɡͬʱʵƽʱԷǶôĲ飬ѾѡԽǹϵԽλ
Ҫ֮ǰֵļʱսһµĹҲûпܵġ
û¾ͺã㲻еİսûӴ飬˶һȻĵϷš
˭˵ҲеˣˣҶˡСһЩһ쳣ոûע⣬һսЦţҲǷϷһǿڸԤġ
ѣȻ֪ġ㿴ոԿˣʲô鶼ûеġٴε˵һ䡣ֱǲ˵
սҲΪ⡣Ϊβͻźʯͷֳ˹ˡ


822 켶ս
βϵĴĿĺɫս۾ҲǺ˵ġǶԼѪҺǶǳ谡ΪûнڲٵĵϷ˵İ
սŭˣΪԼܺ۸ôŰ׹ǴٴγȥˡԪȫתеҲȫ˳
׹Ǵ˳Өףѩ׵ۡǰ׹ǴиǳһǿĻӰһƷǳˡǣҲֻƣʲôû˵ġ
һСΧնѹˡ֮ǰԵ棬һεСΧĿռƽʯͷߵġ
Թһο˵սʱڣҲֻ뵽İ취ˡҲûиõİ취˵ġ
ž׹Ǵʯͷ߲ϵУ׼ȷĴ˶Էˡ
˻˻˻ʯͷӣϵšսһ£ҲǺܵ˵ġȻʯʵȽϵļӲǼܲס׹Ǵ޼᲻ݣܲסսİ
𡭡ʯͷ߲ôûа취ѿͻȻ䷢ŭˣ˿ֲһ˲սˡϰֱ𣬶սϵĿ
սһ㶣ߵϢͻȻ˱仯ˣùŹˡܹϵǣߵϢǿ
һɫСʯͷߵĶз˳ֱսײ˹
ɫСߣޱȵĴͺǷһܹʧһġǣȴ˿ֲԶ飬Ϊ·һɫ⣬ֱӵսüײ˹ȥˡ
սʧɫоܵΣաؼʱǱȫı˳սһŭȫʼ⣬Ƕǣ貵ޱȵҫۡ
սϢҲðԵˡһľ˾һȫɢһֿ񱩵Ϣ
һľӰսˣǳĿŲһ֣Ϣӵǿҵˡ
ľԼжֱһֻǰץ˹һѰɫСץУһѾ͸ˣɫĹꡣ
ϵҲһˣһѷ
սȴûκεĶεĳ˼֮У֮ǰһУܹһ
ܹܵһɿŵϢڿٵıǿ۷岻ϵİθߣȻһٵĳ׵ϣ켶ʿˡ
һߵأҲǿٵĽһʯͷߡǷǵһûõĳġ
ҲǷսͻƣ۾˸ŵĶǸˡûģĵΪսеġ
ôʲôɵ㶵Ļһ߿ĵĶսҶʴһ
ΪսͻƣҶѾǸонڻ۵ˡһȻǻɽٵġ׿ɲֵʲôģýĶ
֪ǲطԭһεĽγɵ÷ǳĿ١ܿľ۳˺Ǧƣֱѹ
䡱һˣսȥս۾ûиӦһ̫ûʱ·
ҶҧҧҪȥô˵ҲҪظŪҪսĽ׸ɢ
ҶʻûжĴ֮ǰǸͷ
Ǹߴ壬ֱſһеĽƽʲôĶǾ޴ӰĶȥˡн״ѹֵĸоڿٵʧ
Ҷһ£Ҳ̫һİɡҪ֪ҶʣɽٵʱҲԼӲ˹ȥġ˲ٵĿ࣬˲ٵ
û뵽սɽٸӵļ򵥡ʲôûȻͰѸһжˣ÷ǳĺá
ǽ׽ȫڵһʱľͱһ޴Ӱˣʲôûз
׹󣬿ʼܵ׵ĻˡǾ޴УޱȵӴľڿٵ̲ս塣սʽһߣҲøӵǿˡ
ڵս켶ǿˡ׷Ҷһˡ
뵽ԼҲǱȥģ߹ˣųɹĶɽٳɹսôɵľͶɽٳɹˡҶһͷĺߣҲ̫һ˰ɡ
ȭսһұֱӰѿռǿеѹ˫һžͳҶʡڵҶʵǰĹΧʱұۺݺݵҶʺ˳
ҶҲǺܿķӦ˹ͬʽʩչ˳ҶʴƸӵǿң۳ҲǸӵӿ
ս˲Ϣֻȭͷʵʵײһ
Ҷҡһ£Ȼܿľվˣûʲô󰭡ս嵹˳ȥ


823 ־
ҶȻ֪ԷǴʲôע⡣ոͻˣҪԼһʵ
Щ˵뷨ҶʾѹôӡҪ֪ɹսɹ֪ػ᲻һεġ
Сӣʲô̬ҵеľѧѧȥӳĹȻһҪǿġսصײ̨ˣǳƣֱ벻ˡΪʲôͬһУҶӣԼͳĻҪġ
˫̽ȻȫǶûжɱġˣսֻǱһӡû̫ġ
ҹǹɽ٣ҶԼһ˴ȥġɽٲűֱ̬ӰѽƸˡһӾͽˡҶʿսЦš
Ҷ˵ʵҶʵֱ𾪡˵ǶҶʵʵһϿɵġսɽ٣Ҳֳ˲ͬǲܹСġ
ô˵һͦսûзҪҶߵ͵˼Ҷôһ˵ǿˡ
ҶĺҪһһӵˡⶼǸʲô鰡ҶʾԼһԼ˵ˡҶʾ÷ǳĲˬҶʴûġһֱǱͱԼġ
սͻƣһǿߣǿս˶Ƕս΢Цʾ⡣ҶͬһģûôĹ˼ɵˡ׷׵ǰϲսҵһЩͻƵĵá
սҲǸˬӣûʲôҴŵġ˵ʲôֻҪսܹ֪ģһǻشġ
ʵľǣ㵽ôͻȻͻ˵ġôͻȻͶȹ˽ٷ˵ġ
Ĳ֪Һúõһ룬ˣٸǺòáսǳΣսҪߴҵġսĲ֪ġ
Σ˵ʱսעһ׼Ȼʲô֪ˡ˹ʱ򣬾͸о޾òһսͻֱ֮ӵľ͸Ҷһȭԭ
˵սЩյġǣͻƵʲôһǲٵģֱӳԺˡ
ԴˣĲ֪˵ʲôˡҶһܽᡣúҾͶӵҶʵˡ
ɵɵҶʵԭ
ôǺеӵġսɵվȻĪĶȹˡȻһ֪ģɵɵʲô
˶룬ԺɽٵʱǲҪԼεءһ£еӡֻԼıͲߵ½øӵģֱӾͱˡ
սٳͻƵӣҵľͷӵĳˡȫǳ˸ɾܹϳʮξԲϳŴεġܹʮֵԲñ˰æһݵġ
˶ҪսһôͻȻͻ˵ġкܶĶǿ׵ıϺܶġûʲôĵˣս֮ǰϷһУǸõĹ
˵мͻ˵ġн׽ԼȹȻãܹࡣЩĲģȻҪæģҶʱͳȥˡ
ûͻƵģҲвСջ٣սսľ飬Ҳǳ˲ٵˡ
Ҷһһľһ̨ףÿһ̨ףȻ׼һǿʯ޵ˡ
Ⱥʨʯͷߣʯʯȵȡ
ҶʶûϳĻˣȫ˸ȥˡҶҲνЩԼֻǻһ£ûκεõġ
Щ˵սҶҲ˵ȫûκεջġǷǳ۵ġԵģûдǷǳۡ
Ԫҷɣķ衣иֵϵĺ
ЩҶʼģЩǾÿܼģЩȫûмġкܶģҶû˵ġ
ҲвٵĿҪʧ˵ȻڿˡǿǿȲ˵ͷǳ˵ˡ
ʲôʲôɾ߰ģޱȵİºһʣ֪ԭһЩȫԴġȻǿҪʧ˵ģһСĲƨˣʧô
ȻҲȫһǴģҶʻѧ˲ٵġ
磬ԪĿƲģǧҪһĶãŪʲô졣ҶʿһתԪԣֺģҪǿеںŪǿĹ
Ūˡܵ˵ȴԼֱӰԼƶըˡҪǾԣĿ죬ֱ۶û˵ġ
ȥҲʲô¡ը˼ˡȻûжֱʱʱҲܲǡ


824 ּˣ
ǻƵĳ֮£ҶǿٵĵǶˡһ·һУҶЩЦõġҶʶˣЩ˹Ǻ»ǻ¡
һ㣬Ҷʲ֪һֽڵпٵӿˡָˣֻϣһռԾʱܹ΢Ŀһİɡ
һ̨ףһͷʯʵ롣ͷ̨׵м䣬֮ǰһ̨׵Ҹһġ
ˣҶûǰԼĳȥǷһĹŰʯͷ볹׵ĸˡ
ĬĬĵϢŻָԼڵԪҶʣͻȻоһϢ۾һȥȻͱˡ
ҪһߴĶҶʡĺ󷽣һȺΧһԲǸӰСǹһģǸӰеøӵĲˡ
ǸӰҶȻʶġܶԷƣǱ仯һЩˣҶʻһ۾ϳˡȻԼ°ܽǴԼֵ˵
ֵϢģͻȻͳˡҶʿԷǳĿ϶ģȾԵûиӦϢġ
û뵽ôľҵˡôʱһǹ÷ǳĲõİɣǲǸо¼ˡҶʻûпڣԷȿˡھǵ٩ҶʣǳĶ
ĸĻáҪǻһıĻľ͹ķǳĲõˡҶʵĿڣȻ̵ĳȥѶԷ˺˵ĳ嶯ġ
Ҷ仰ͬġڷ̵ͣıòϸġ˼˵˾ܹĺá
˼ıáĻҷǳĿġĻѻǳġЦ÷ǳĿģһͬҶʵĻġ
˵ûһ˿̻ϢģΪǶһ
ŶһǿڲãҶͲµԣǿ˳ֵҶҲûдԼֱġҲǣҪǻĻôõĲ֣Ҳǲòİɡ
㡭ŭȻҶͻȻôһ˿˳ˡգ۾Ĺ־ҶʷǳĿɶˣҪ˺Ҷʵһ͵ġߣҲֻܹ˵˵ѣʲô˵ġʱ䣬ţطǳܵİɡǶδ֪Ŀ־壬ǷǳĲܵİɡ
ҪըεҶô˵ءץסʱ飬ҧɿڣҪҶʡҶ˵ʲôܹѻġ
ҶҲǳᣬ°ܽˣȻһûеģǱԼˡ
ڣԼҶʶӵˡ˼˶ٵ飬˵ܶ඼ǰģ˵ġôһ˲ûˡȻֵôĵֵôѪҶʾ÷ǳĲˬ
ҶʾãǲܹЦġҶôϲЦˣҲû뵽Цġ
ɪƨ˭Ҹסˣ˼¶ġһ¶ͱɱ±ɱ±ɱİ˵ˣε飬ıİɣҲǹʺ˴ϻˡûġҶҲĮˣһĶġ
ߣûдǶ㣬ҲΪһܹȥ鷳׼ġôģŸոյ׼ãҶûмȥģѾǼ˰ЦţҶʵ䣬һĶûзϵġ
˵ţתڵԪһɿֲϢ˳Ѿ׵Ϊˡ
ҶЩɵ۵ˡԼոͻףԷȻҲΪˡҪ֪ԼͻһδεսۻġΪʲôԭڵʵء
ȻĶԷǲܻҶʵġ
һֻĲɫƬľ޴צӣһƬһѹ
廹ûʲôǾ޴оһĹâɫĴϢǹâӴٶȷŵķǳˡֱѾҪͷ˵ʱ˻ȥˡ
ܵɫƬܲƵϢг˵ĻɫĹʡҶʵڵˡ
ҶʸӦ÷ǳǱԼеһŵѪҺĽᾧһ֣Ϣȫһ


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ҪпܣҶҪѶԷѹ˿ӣ͵սǵĳ֮ϣñӺݺݵĴһһƨɡ
ΪʲôصѡսǶҶʸϤǡΪҶʾãսǵӦøӵϲЩġ
֮ǰֵǾ޴צӣҶ˲ˡֲһ˻ǿƹսģˣҶʵǿһЩŴǶע⣬Ȼ󳹵׵ʧˡ˺Ķ˲ֵ顣
۵צӣеĴġҶǻǽĹ۲ģȻ֪
֮ǰϸոյð˻ʱצӾͻȻˣҪֱӵɱġ۵ĹһֺǿҵıܵĸӦġ
Ҷʻи˵ģҪ֮󣬾˵һɪġû뵽Ȼг˻ȥˡ
Ҷʾ÷ǳźбҪ˵ģȻֻˣоǷǳĲܵġңܹצӸȥģеĴҲôļ򵥵ġ
ô˰ɡҶı任ȫ۾еˡҶЩԥӣǳĵǳĿġת˲뵽еǸһԼͬǲϲְˡ
ãǴҵߵĶǶҾöһ֣ȴ䱦ˡôģҪٶһĸһЩôҶʵȻǷǳ۵ˣԷߵĿɲҶ˵ôСһġ෴ģǷǳһġҶûбֳװŷǳĴӡ
ͬʱҶҲǴз˺СһֵĶսеˡǰ֪⵽ʲôҲ˻ĻҺҵյġ
ڣҶʿⶫսˣȷʵܹǿԼġңеıҶҲ۵Ĺġ
Ҷǳŵ˵ĻƤ˱ɡˡ
ɱҶʵĶһĺֱӵľŶԷг˹ȥˡ
ˣȻԵĳ嵽ҶʵǰҪҶʷֳһʤ
ȻǰһֱڳԿһֱǱҶʸ۸Ҷʸ׷ŴġÿһζӵģûǷϹҲûк¹Ҷʵġ
Ҷʱ򶼻ɣһﲻġֱ˼ǿ塪Сǿεش䣬֪СǿûҶʾãε֮һҪúõȥһġ
ʲôСóʵŭˣҶ˹ˡҶʵһĹʶûеģ÷ǳķŭԼɱˣԷûκε׼Լİ
й⻪һĳУӶʱһЩġ
һѩĵҶʿ˹ˣԵ˼¡ҪҶʶһֱӸ룬ҲǷǳĿܵġ
Ҷʺܿľͻعˣ֮ǰķǿԷսⲻ뵽˵ġ
ȻΣѾǱռȻģҶһ㶼Եûҵġнһ˻ʽͳˡãһ貵ĲӽɫĽ˳ȥһɫٲ
ϡâ뽣ײһ𣬰նпˣһʮεȱڡâҲ߽֮ġ
âȻˣǽȴŵ϶µҶ˹˵ġ
ϡٴεķһľ졣صײһǽĲ˵ĶĤǿҪ˺˵ġ
Ͼ֣ĽǶҲǷǳƵġҶֱӵı˳ȥ˫ŲʯϻȥԶҲǱǿķ׷һεľ롣
Ҷʳյһ£ΧܴķΧǿտġҶ֪Լսǲܹģҿ̫֮ܵ֡
˺ܶ࣬ȻҶߵеҪһЩġҶʶⲢеԾܹô׷ߣеǿߣܹкܶ׷Ҳ˵ùȥġڴҶźһ㣬ҶʾûмǿƷζ̫ˡѹ֣ܹߵһ𣬻ֵܹġ
ڶԷȻ˶࣬ҲǶ̫šһһϲôĬԼߵһʱĽӴҲһսģǵֵ


826 Ϊˣ
һĻҶ˲ľͷ˵ġһҪԼߵֵֵˣһߵľ棬鷳ʹˡҶҲôˡ
д󶨵ҶʣѸٵתڿһתۣѾȶסԼ壬ٴεҶʳ˹˵ġ
Ҷ˫һţĳȥ˵ٶȶǳĿ죬һӾͶԴ
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һƬƮ䣬ڿ·衣Ҷʵģ֮ǰʱ򣬱һնġ
ҶʣŶûм㲻˰ٶȸˣôĲƮ䣬ڵ˵Ū
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Ҷôһ˵ͻȻúЩ⡣յĶҶʣֹҶͻȻ͵ϮƵԺ
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Ҷ국ȻҵӡҲιŭǾԶĶս˶ڿԼĺס
ŸոյĽ֣˫ûܵ˺ԼѾǱҶʸ˵ģôܹŭء
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ȻҶһ̫ڵĿˡ춼ҶʸˡǿеĸϢϣҶʸһĿӡȻһ˲䣬һֻɫצӾ·ץ˹ˡ
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һص˳ȥȻǶ̾ķһЩֶΣǱ˾޴ġ
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ֱӵıҶʸ˳ȥصˤԶĵ֮ϡ
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ҶǷǳϵԼϢȫԪѹƵ͡
צӳһ£ʧȥ˶ҶǵĸӦͬʱг˸ӵŨצӲһӣܵ˳ٵȥˡ
ۡһ£³һڵѪһЩĽɫ˿ߣǶҶʵĽ˶ԷСûȫĻ̺ѪҺ˳
ˣҪǿеšצӶˣŰѳ嵽˺Ѫ³ΪˡҶʵϢǿܿľ˶塣
ҶûһͬġҶ룬ôûаѶԷֱӵҭءǲõĽ
ߣ֮ǰһ˲ȫľװʲôβǡҶʵ䣬÷ǳջ
Ҷʲ˵ֱʵʵжŶԷؾ˻ʽ¾ٴγ嵽ǰ
Ҷʸûб仯ʽ㣬ͬʽٴεʹ˳˹ȥ
㹻ʱӳ֮ǰĶһСΧĻӶܹ˵Ĺ
ǳ͵˻ʵǲµġ
ϡһĵײ˲Ϣ䣬˶֪˶ٴεˣһֱƾС


827 ң
ҶʿˣԷӦһ׺ܲķİ취ģܹô̵ʱô̵ľ뱬˵
Ҫ⣬ҶҲǿԵġµĻУҪǴ̫ˣҶҲǻܲ˵ġֱ۾ԵĻᱻԼŪ˵ġ
ǿļƣһĶóһĶܡһ׵İ취ܺõı˶ֱ۵˺
ҶЩĽǣҲĽҶʾԵûҪѧģʺģһʺԼ˵ҶȻûа취ô̵ľ뱬ֲҶÿһεĹһǲġ
ңҶʶԼϰߣ°ԼȫıġҪзİ취ʲôõءıԼȭϰߣǷǻԼøӵĲϰߵİˡ
ȻƾеģҶǰι֣ҶʵҪǿһЩġˣҶһֱѹڴһߵĶһڻƶҶǰڻĺˡ
ⲻУֻܵһƣһֱѹԼоǳѹ֡
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ǰһֱһҶʵŵġҶڣʼиģﻹܹ޵еءҶʰǼΣɲ˫ϵϷİ
ҶʣЩͬ׵սһֱûʧܹġһֱǶԼޱȵģһƣѾҪˡ
ƽʱܲʲôرġ˶ԾҲô׿ġǵĲ𲻴˵սУͱսƾǷ˳ˡ
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̫𣬻һ˲ɫлϢת
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һ˲䷢ռ䶼˲һֱӰҶʸ˳ȥ
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Ǵ˼Ѫһ˲䷢ˣ˫ϺɫֱӵĳǰеҶʡ
ϡĻеͳһ£صҶʵͱȥ
Ҷɫ䣬֮ǰͱûͱ˹һεˡڶԷȻҪңԵдƬķΧܹģǶԷƫƫǰѽǶȶ׼һα̴ĵط
ҶףҲǳĵҪԼġϵĻǿѡĵطģһûҲܹشġ
ҶôöԷԼͱġϽĵתһ˻ʽԼǰպǵסǻĵ⡣Ħһ󴮵ĻǣϵڶԿ˸
û뵽ҶʵķӳôѸٵġʱܹңôĺá
˫ֱסͱϥصĹҶʵС֮ϡѹסҶʿٵ׹
顱Ҷʵĺ󱲽ʵʵǼӲ̨һܵĽӴȻ˵ҶʲûܵʲôˣǻǱײ߻صġ


828 Ҫ
ϵ˺ǴҪģǶײġܵǶϵģǰܵײȻܵײ
ɾ޴ûа취һʱ䵼ġҶʾöеĳӶҪˣθϵķӿţоˮҪ³ˡ
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˵˰죬ûһسӣԼӵˡøӵŭˡ
ŭˣ˫ָӵѹ˻ʽ˻ʽѹƵҶʵţҶʶǲݽԼˡ
˻ʽĽϻ˻ʽϳ˺ܶķģϵǻҲǴһƵĻǽɫķľš
ҪͱҶʵĸλõģҶʸסˡڻҶʵ߻˹ͣ˶ӵмλá
ҶʻĴһΪҶһͷߵķ֡еĻڻתţ£׼ҶʵҪĲλ
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˻ʽʱռͬʱճŻô׵׵Ļȥġ
ͬʱҶƴŤ岻ϵ䶯ֱҲǲϵķҪġ
ȻΧѪûг׵ɢȥʱȼγһΰӳôױҶʸġ
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ҶֱһţȥΪĲȣҲ㱻Ҷʸˡ
Ȼ񲻶ϵ˸һ˵ľ˫ŵվҶɻ£ֱӲ˫ȣվҶʵϷ
ҶʵԲԲģҪ͹ˡޱȾֵĿǾʲôµҪˡ
ڣҧҧһ䣬Ӷ΢΢ĺˣҶʵĴȥ
ҶʸоȫĺëҪˡϵĶһĽһġ
ð򲻹ҲĶҵİһүǣҲһүǣҵʲôİҵҲҪôĽߵӵİ֪ĻΪұʲô˵İ˵ˣǸֱеİ
ȻҶбߵ뵽ˡԷΪ˹̶סԼ壬ԼҵĶȻȻҪгԼСİҶøӵľҵˡ
ҪҶʴһΪ£ǳĸ߿ǳļϸ
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ꡱͷѵҶһϥײǽʵʵײľջ֮ϡ
ΪţƣǾջȫı¶˳ġûкŵģҶͻȻһһؾջϡ
һӵĸ߿ĲҽĿз̫ҶʣоԼĶĤҪѿˣ˵ϡ
ҽŷ˳ȥٴģǳнС
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829 ҿʼ
ܿҶʾͷ˺ЩԾӣовٵĿڿԼġһֱܵķӦҶʾúǹֵֹӣͺڶԼһһһġ
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ҶʵôĴ󣬳ܹҶһϥײ˭˵ԼܹҶʵһϥײġ
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ҶŪĶ̫ˣ̫ˡûпǲҽѾǺлеˡ
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ȻҶ벻ǡЩ֮ԼŽ֣ΪܹõĹۿҶġʵ̫ˣһ㣬Ҫ֪ʲôӵġ
оȫóԼĿҵı죬һȫˡУʱһŵѪɽҶߵģȻҲкһߵġ
սԾǺġһʼҶ֪ĽǱˣпԼ
ܿģͳˣһͷڱҶһߵġҶ֮ע⵽Ϊжôǿֻ֮ǰʱͷӲҪҶϣҶʶһЩ
ڱִ˸ƽɫģʱǷֲġֻе˫óȫĵƣƴˣпܳġ
ǣбһˣ˲ƴְԼĶһǺݵġ˲٣ֱӴӺ˺ֱӰǺ۸ˡѪӨ׵Ĺǿµķɽ
ë޴УҪƴģǱԼĶָƴסˡ


830 ĺ
嶼ȽϵŽᣬ˵ǿԼͬ鱻ɱ˾ǳҪϴˢԭеİɡ
˲ģкܶ޶ˣƴҪѶ֣ȻȥͻȻ͵ϮˡǶȻҲ뿪ģҲһȺ壬һپһġ
սſʼһ˫սٴεˡ֮ǰй˼ɣҪһЩԼ̫ܵ˺ڣȫڲһмѪȭȭġ
ȻĴ򷨣Ȼȭˣ˵һǧ˰١սޱȵĲҡ
˵һֵĻɱ˺ڱĺˣ岢û˿ͣ١ڻɱ˺ڱ˲䣬˿ٵĸĶ֡
ڱΪԼôĲԼǰȥһʿξȻûܡ֪ԷˣԼһ˳ȥ϶ǳԿġ
ޱȵļᶨһ㶼ûк¡˸ŷͬھļơ
쵰ҶŭһһзڴҵǰȻҲҶʵǰҶ˲ıŭˣҪ·ȥҪǻҪֵ˸ɱ
˵Ҷֻ׽ԵɱҲ˵ҶʲɱеֻôԼߵֱɱҶʻǷǳķŭġ
Щ˶ҶʴģȻԼпܻزȥġҶ棬ϣҶܹƽĻŻȥġ
ҶѸٵֱӵ·˹ȥһһֻɫȭͷܹһе谭Ҷһȭռ䶼һ£ֱӰ˸˿
ɫƲմȾѩӨ׵Ĺǿ鵽ҷɡʿų˹ѩһġǵĶһ
ʿȻ˵ڳʱ򣬾Ѿ׼˵ġ˵˵ʿǲᱻʲôסġ
ڣʿһµˡǱǿֲһĻסˣҶ̫ˣȻԼߵģħӰɱ⣬ԼǰÿֲĹһȭɱǿߡ
ǿߣҶʵУʲôײûʲô˰ɡ
ŸʲôȥˡתͷʿĶԼ˫ûκεɡҶüͷſڴš
õġʿŻعоǰЩģͬǱѪˮ˵ĺҵĨ˼¡תͷĵط˹ȥˡ
ΪմȾѪȣҶʸŪġǻʿǳ˷ܣеɱҲŨˡ
𡭡һֲˣҶʻΪҶʷ˵Ϊ̫һˡǺܿҶʾͻع˲Ծӡ
ΪޱȵĿֲİԵϢ˹Ҷ˲ͷˣǾԭ
תһǼ̨֮ϣЩС˵ʱгһֲĵ⡣
áޱȵķ춼ܹп
Ҷ˲Ȼı֮ǰԼʹУ˺òģǲ֪ϵӰûС
Ȼֳľղʹж㣬˲ɱ˶Է¡һĻŭŹֵġ
Ҫ˵֮ǰĺڱΪǸʿȥġôڵĺеΪĳ裬ȥ˵ġ
һĽǶȣҶĲòˡ̫ĺ˵İһȫǲֵҵĹȻµĽǶȣ󲿷ֶҶߵǻٲֵǺ˵ġ
ΪռˣЩɥĲˡ£ֻҪԼ׬˾ͺˡֵµˣȥֻҪʤԼģʲôʵֶεˡ
µ֣Ҷ²ֵİңԼ߱ȽϳԿģһ
ˣҶʳˡе˻ʽ˳Ļ̌־һķ˳ȥˡޱȵĴ⣬κεıĶ
ϡһ죬ǿֲĵâײһ˲ˡ
ģٴεĿʼˣԶҶʶܹܵǿֲϢڿٵš
ȺսҶʾŵģȫľǷŲֽŵӵġΪҶʲܵôĺݣô޼ɵôĺġⶼûа취ġ
Ҷʴ˻ҪŪ˵Ĵ㣬ٵĳķ˹ȥ
Χĺ˶ǳһžúһЩ֮ǰҶʾԱߣǸоѹɽ󣬲ϵĶͲұָסˡ
ҪҶͻȻֶһӣǾˡ


831 С
ֱԼ˵Ҷʣ¶һĨаЦеԪĸӵľˣԪٵеĻע˽ȥ
Ҷ֪Ĵ㣬ǴԼڿûеطʱ򹥻Լ
ҶʸֱȻѾ˱Է׼ˡҶȻǲµģͬԪǿҡǿҵرԴٵĳҶʣҶʵ˻ʽ֮ᡣ
Ҷȹе˻ʽн磬ֱŶԷնȥһеٲŽⴹȥ
ؼããĶǽӲӵһƬǽɱȣųҶһѶԷնɱ˵뷨
ʱҲǳˣ죬صҶʵķȥձֱпˡһӴѷ̽壬Ҷ˻˹
̫ڵӴˣʱֻа嵯Ѿյˡ
ҶնȥĽҪС˺ܶˡ
ɫٲӴӴˣûʲô̫ھ޴ҲûʲôֲϢ
ٵʧȥȷʵʿߵ壬㱻Ҷʸֱгˡ
ֵǣ˿УȻ˴Ѫǹľ󻯣ʵĴڵġ
໺𡭡ܵصĴˣ˻Ҷʳ˹ȥˡٴε̽һأϢҲǱøӵǿҵˡ
̧һֻצӣҶĻӻȥˡձ׵˺ˣצϣȻſֲĵҶûԤϵġ
Ҷֻʱ򲻷㹥ȭצӺ˹ȥ
䡱飬Ҷʵ˳ȥҲǾҵһ£ǻûɢ
Ҷٵ䣬ۿҪȺˣҶֹסԼ壬ڿһһ˸ߵĿС
ҶȻͣסˣٵ׹ǿǰΧ˶Ʒ˵ġ
ոҶûע⣬ǳһС֪ʲôͷÿһεĻӻȫһӡҶʾôæõִȥȻǳԿ˵ġ
ˮ׼࣬ӦҪǿһЩġΪһնɱһô޹ˣ˵ĹȻҪǿһˡ
Ҳ˵׼ҪҶôһͬʱ䡣ҶһɱµĽܹ˵ġ
֮ǰҶȻûôʱģҲûϵһ֡
ҶٴεĳһҶʲҪֱȥ鷳ġһĴ̫鷳ģԲǰ衣
ϡ޴ƬܲצҶҶʿٵ˻ʽն档һĻǡͬʱҶҲһߣһնһֻצϡ
һĻŻһԾĿıٵͷĲλ˹
ǳ㡣һ㶼˵ӡԷľղ⣬Ѿǽ˵ġ
Ҷ任ԽԽ죬ƮȻ˵ǿ󣬵ÿһζǻӻ˿մͻҶʵġ
ҶʣϵϿһһĳĿӡǺġ
ͻȻҶʸоһӱֱжȥһѩĵ⣬˲͵Ҷʵǰ
Ҷʶצӹ任ķû뵽׽ˡ
ȻҶʷ˸ӵƵǱֱֱȥצһͻȻ͸ı˷ĹһͬҶ˹Ҷʵ·
Ҷһȣ˲¶һǣԶһҶʵϡԶ֮ҶʵϢǡ
˻ʽдգһãֱӰצӸȻײѩĵâ֮ϡ
âնɱצ֮ϣâ˲顣צ֮ҲǴ˴Ѫꡣ
УҶе˻ʽʼûȥġһҲǴõɾҶʻƣȵ˶ʱһԵŶԷйȥġ
ŶԷƬ̵ĻңҶʴм䴩˹ȥһɫ硣ٵĳ֮վ
Ҷʽżһ㣬ٴεʧˣһγ־ͳüĵĲλɫԪҽţҽսһص̤üġüĲλһЩϸܵơ
ʹҵķšնǾ޴ˡҶʻǶһģεվϣûб˦ȥġ
Ҷʿû˵ʲôֻֽ˽


832 ܾˣ
Ҷվüλãվͷǵм䡣ΪӴм仹Ǹһεľġ
ȻҶվλñȽϵƫͣҲȷʵ΢΢ĸҶʵġֻǱϵĸоʶĸӦ֮УʱҶʾһصľһҪӵġǿֲϢǳСġ
ʱҶʵرԴľѾܹĿˡϵĲţϵţϢԽԽµˡ
룬һӦֳܹһ˰ɡҶƽĿ˵ȻƽҶʵϢޱȵǿֲɱֱǲεˡ
ҲġҲǵ˵ȻҶܳʱ䣬úǿ¡ҲԼİ취ġҪǾӣôܹ쵽ڵء
ȥҶʱһе˻ʽŶԷնɱ˳ȥ
ϢһеĶڡ
ͻȻʧˣ˲Ӵȥʺλ˳
ҲǷˣſ³һѪɫΪл국Ϣڲǻûб׵յĲֵѪ
Ѫ䡱һŨĻҲһҶʵλ˹ȥ
мһӴһһµģŶԷģȻâ뽣УϢٵ߽⡣˴Ƭޡ
䡱һ죬һʱ仯ĵâµķ䡣
ҶѾûа취ˣȫ񶼷ǶԷϡսȻûа취ġ
ԣûбԷĹСǱѿ˵ĵϮһΣϸĵâһĳˢҶ塣
ϡͣҶ巢⣬Ȼһ㻤Լ塣Ȼײޱȵǿңȴûһ˿ĵܹϮҶġ
⵶â̫أȻ֮ǰǱǿеİĵѹһһ鿪ӦǺֲܿġǱҶ㾡ȫһ׵ĽϸģƻصĽ͵ˡ
˵ĻԪܾʵһ㣬ǵâײͱ÷飬ֱʧˣûһ˿ܹѳȥġ
ʱҶĲͺԵֳˡֻԼֻҪԼûʲôͺˡЩϸĽԼδҲ·󲿷ֶԼˡ
ҶüͷҲԼ顣Է˶νֻҶЩΪ
Ҷ˼ΪԼߵܹܺõĵֵסġҶ룬ҧĶɢһֵԪΧܴһƬڵסˡ
顱һ죬뵶âصײһһ˶ûаѹ˦ȥе޵ӳȻײһһ
Ҷ˲䵹˳ȥвϵĿѪɫѪҺܿľͰ½ʪˣĿĵġϵ·Ƕദ飬¶Ĳ֣ദ˺ܶϸܵ˿ڡл˿ת
ҶҲһģòȥͬǵһʱѪ˳ȥϳһĿӣǱҶޱȵ۵Ľնһ㡣˿һֱӼͷбնСλáѪӿ˿ڱԵнɫķϢת
һ㲻˭ռ˴ˡҶʵĹޱȵۣײûб飬ֻǱ˴룬ǳѩĵâصնϡ
ĵâѹĽͲôȶˣֻ׷˺󻯡Ҷޱȵ۵ĽһײȻһ˲ѿ˵ġҶʽһٿ̡
Ҷϵ˿Ȼ˵ҲҶϵ˿ϸܶҷǳĶࡣ
䡱䡱޴ײǲȺͬʱˡҶͬʱصײǼӲ̨֮ϡһ̨ףһ˲ܲȻȻˡ
ǴǿҵײҶǰڵк˳ȥˡǿĿԼ壬ٵķǰһѵʯصһ̤˳ȥڸһ̨档
ҲͬĶٵĴпٵĳҶƽеһ̨֮ϡ
Ҷʵɫǲÿſ³һڽɫѪҺѪҺЩҡѪҺ̨֮죬̨ҲĥһĹ⻪ȱڡ
ҶڵĵҶʸǿеı˳ˡ
űͬ³һѪнɫ·汻һĿӶ


833 
ޱȵĹ죬ܹӺЩ鶯ӡҶһ㶣Ȼ˶Էβ׵ǺǶ˵ġ
㻹ваоͱǿˣֱȥϢɡҶʹЦţ֮ǰУǺİȻ˵Ǻġ
ҵĴϢţٵĵϢԼڵǿ˵ԪҶҲͬû̶ֵĴ㣬һ˿е֣βһĨһ΢ĹͷλѴλ˵β׵ָˡ
ҶʱҲҪģȷʵЩءͬأǻһսġ
ôȥֻԼ״ԽԽԼֻһˣǺĵҲԼԿġΪУһӵĿµĴڵġ
һԼԼߵأǱȫҲҶ˵ġ
ڲǱҪʱҶʲ̫ڵƴҶһɱܹ֤̫ܵĴ˵İգҶʲŻϵĳֵġ
Ҷ΢΢ſ³һֲĹâͬʱҲǻϢٵĻָ۷״̬
ɱҶʴһ˻ʽ˹ȥˡ³һ·ΧҲ·
Ҷƴˣʱռͬʱʩչ˳ٶȿ쵽˼¡˲ʹԭʧˡ
һֲĽˣһ͸ӳҲ٣ᵶǰڽصһ㣬Ȼٵʧˡ
ֱЩ飬Ҷʵʹٶϵļӳ֣˲ıӵĿֲײõ˺ü
ǰӰӲʧǸоϵļƤðˡٵתסԼԴϿһ
ҶʵٶȷǳĿ죬Χٵķ衣ǲϵ˻ʽԷ©춼ҶʵӰӣÿһޱȵʵÿһֶǼٵһ
Ҷ֮ǰͺͷܵȻŪôĻҲ֪طй·뷽Ҷʱ䷨Ҳܹڿռд
ģĽҶֻһˣͬһʱܹĹǿ϶ûͺͷĹܼġҶʵٶȿ죬Ҳֲһֵġյĳ̶ȣһ㶼ͺͷ϶ٵġ
ܿģ͸ҶʵٶˣȻǱҶʵĿŴˡҶʵ󡣰һķΧвϵǰˣҵġȻҪģǱҶʵĴĹ˵ġ
ڣܹܿĹǴԼҪĹȻ֪Ҷʸ˶ٴεˡ
ϣǿ˴ССĿɫѪҺͰ·ȫĽȾ˵ġ
ϢѿҶʴ˳е˻ʽͻȻ罣Ĳ˹ȥ
ǴѸٵһתץסҶʵ˻ʽ͸˻ʽҶʸ֪ǿϢ
ҶһҲ˳Ľ౻ȫĴˡɻĿһۣ֪Ϊʲô˻ǿϢת
ƴĴ߶˻ʽҶҪ˻ʽѳǲҶôǱԷץŵġϵĳشơǣԷϵϢ̫ڵŨˣܿľ޸ˡ
һֱƿȻ޸ȻƿḶ́ҶǣԷһξȻûüͷҲûкʹ
ְɡһ룬ΪʲôŨϢİɡһֱҶʣҲûӴŹΪ̫ĿҶϵııãıá
ôܹôҶĶŶԷĸокֵġˣҶҲķš
Ҹոİ壬һֱţҪһϲġû뵽ھͰ㶮ְչ˳ЩʧİЦš
Ҷʶְ壬ϴصʱѾһЩԤеˡҶʲֹһεʹֵʱռĲ
Ҷüͷɱ¾ħȻİ塣ǻǻ֮
ӦҶʵʶһЩĲŵһֺֻݺݵҶӡ˹ȥ
ҶʸоЩԷ֮ϣϢ̫ڵĿֲˡҲû룬ŵҲŶԷӭȥ
ˡվҵĲʱһֻƲûİһ𣬶Ǹһεľ룬Ҳûа취ͻˡ


834 ǿ
Էֱ֮ϣȻŨתһĲϵҶʳҪҶʵϢۻֱܹܲɱҶʻ˵
ҶɫúѿԷȻҲֱԴԼһġԼʱռ໥ϵԷľȻȫ෴
Ҷʿڰָ֮ӵĳԾġҪ֪֮Ǻڰڰǹ߻ܹɲǼĹͬģֻҪʱպˣܹǿеںϵġ
ȫйͬڵĿܵġ𽥵ĺľ˾ߵյ㣬Ȼӭ˵һҲͬǴ󲿷ֵһûа취ıģӵĲתġ
ˣȻһһͬʱԼҶǷǳĳԾġ
ҶʵʱıԴӣҲҶò˵ģʱѾһ̨׵ˡ
ǿֲŨҶʿٵĻšʱԵڲģϵļʧҶʰСΧеʱ䣬˲֪򱶵ˡ
ҶƴˣֱԴƴҪŶԷӡҪشԷȻڽĶԾռݾԵϷúԷ
ʱϵĲҶģ˻ʽʱֱȥ
࣡һ죬ʱ䳤ͻ֮ϣصֱһն
Կֱۣն˵ĵطۿɼٶȸɱȥ⻬ĳ˵Եļһ˲ͱĲʧȥˮ֣˵Ƥһ
ûʹ¶˹ŹֵЦݡҶʵһʱͷˣ̾һοƳɹ˵һιûȡҪЧһġ
ͻȻȥ˶Լֱ۵ķֻҶʣҶʲˮߵȥӲӵģֻܹʱȥ
ҶȻ֪ôʲôͼǶԷȻǷ˷ȻǷǳĺõġ٣ҶʵĹʱԸӵ׵ĹԷֱϡ
ʱ䳤ϵڶԷֱǲȥ
Ѫӯֱۣٵʧȥ˹󣬿ٵİȥƤÿݻƣ壬һ˵ֱһ
ǣЩͬԷֱӦΪûѪİӵĺˡǹͷԵľܹǽҲһڽڵ͹档һֻצһˡ
ۡƤ𣬽ɫѪҺϸߡҶˣԷֱ۸ץˡ
ʱԷצĿҶʵС֮ϣ乳һָĿҶʵֱ֮УƤⶼ̴ˡŨϵҶʵֱʴǿѪ⣬ıԴ£ٵĻ
ҶʵԪʱռϵıͬʱصһؿ֮ϡҶ˳ˣն
˻ʽĥֺܿľ»ָˡѪӯѪݰӥצڵӣǳĹŹ֡
ҶһţҲûκεĲӦӡҶǲִٵһŶûʲô̫˺õؿڣǻҳȥ
ҶʵѪģģСϵƤ⣬ץˡһѵĸճӨ׵С۹棬ޱȵĿֲ
˵ѪǸһĶûдģȫʴ˽ȥҶʵƤݰܻˡ
ǵѪҺһֶͬʧȥ˹ʧȥԡӽɫѪҺҲͭһɫ
ҶʿҲûпϵʱϵ𶯣ٵɢĥ
ܵѪĻָ˺Ⱦһ㵭ĽϼֱǿݰܵѪҲ˻ˣֱڿٵĺתܿľͻظˡ
ôζİɣҪҪһΡҶʣ˵
ʵ֮ǰǺܺõĹĻġķˡ֮ûмŹҪԷֱԴʲôԡ
һ֮ǰıҶʵʱʴͻȻıеһԡ
ֱϵѪⲻϵĿݰܣϢʱԽԽӽˣҶʷǵûйǿ
ʱûǿֵ֮ġҪֳһʤֻܹҶ˭Լøӵ͸
ͻȻˣҶʵ൱ڼӵıˡ˳֮£ҶʲעͻȻͳ˺֣Ȼڵӡ


835 ˣ
ҶĶǳĿɶҶҪȥݺݵĸӵġҶʲûмų֣Էô˵ҪŭԼ
˵ˣҶҲǾöԷûʲô취ˣҶһа취ԸġȰҪ鶼ȻһԾʱҾԷʹкͺˡ
ôҲˡŵûʲôĲ𡣲ʬϵģϵİˡҶʵһĶݺݵĻšҲΪ֮ǰԵĿͷһһӡ
ߣӲҵҪܹӲʲôʱ򡣡һٵĳҶʡ
ɿ繳֣ϵҶĻɭɭ޾ԩ걻ڷŭšǸɿݵƣܹ׵˺գÿһܹÿռ顣
ҶҲϵӲӣʱơһմͳмľĻᡣе˻ʽϵÿһζܹݵĶסСΧĿռ䣬öԷĹٶ
ŶԷϣҶʵ˻ʽڶԷϲϵüζնˡ
ǶԷϳŨͬϢŵҲڹؼʱץס˻ʽҶʵĹ˳
ҶʴķǳıԷͲԼĹǿʢͲҶʵĹͽӲӶǲڻµġ
ҶʣҪʱ̵ע֣ܹǸɿݵצӸץҪ
תţʱʱҶʹʱҶʳҶʲòطҶʵǻðɵģ̫ˡ
Ķ֣ԼıܣսķʽƤġҶҲûκεİ취ܹܲԷİɡ˵ˣԷҲҪԷİ
оǣҶҲòϣԷսʽǳЧûпܱԷһɱܵأֻҪǲģģܹٵϡƾʲôķʽճŶԷء
ҶͻȻд˳бһ˳ȥֱ̧֣˻ʽץ˹
ۡɫѪҺϸߣҶһֱӰֱ۸м俳룬ѿ
Ȼ˻޵еʣȻǷ˵ġȻڵĽ׶Σûа취κεıĹǷҲ˵ˣȫĹͷӲʡ
Ҷʵһһֱ˶Էļιǣűסˡ
һѩĵҶʳ˹ͬʱһš
ҶʹϵὣˣҪȥ㿪εĻĹΪҶһεĹǴ׬ġܹƾǿٵ޸һºķѵҲҪöġ
ҶҲǿˡԷٵ޸ԼƣͬҪķԼԪġȵԷԪľˣǻܹ޸ô
Ҷʲ֪𰸣Ǿ˻ͬϢƳԪ쳣ĳ棬ʱûа취׵ĺľġ
Ҷʿٵĳ˵ͻȻһ٣̵ľֹͣˡתͷһ˻ʽȻԷ˵Ƹץסˡǳı۹ǻڴѪû̵ĺתȻκΪľץסԼĳ
Ѿٴη϶ԷƵˡѩĵâٵĳ˹ҶÿŵֱˡȻұ΢΢ڶ׼ȷĻǻĵ
ϡһ죬˳ȥˡ
ʱˣõҼҶʵײ˹
ҶʵӦΪĻǰûа취ܺõķֻ̧ܹŶԷ˹ȥ
顱ҶʵһŽʵʵϣǲûа߷ɡҶһ˲䣬һͣ٣˫վڵϣ΢΢Ҷʵһ
ˣҶͻȻһ£϶ǻܵ͵Ĺġ
ȻǽɲǼͣٹ󣬹ϵҶʼײ˹
ˡһ죬ǽʵʵײҶʵ֮ϵġҶʸоعǶ˼
ۡƤ˺ѵ𣬽ɫѪҺ߸ߵĽ
Ҷʵ۾ͻȻԲˣֱš
ұֱۣӰҶʵĸˡǰУ͸
ҶʵԪͻȻˣԼϲܲˡȫһļ򣬰ǰߵĶѵֱ۳׵նˡ
ʹ׷ҶʣĵˡɫѪҺһصġ
ɳȥҶʣͬһصĽɫѪҺ
Ҷʡ˿ֵĴУҶ˵˳ȥ˿ĶҪˡ


836 ŽԿգ
˿Ϊڳ͵ġ֮ǰ˿ûս˶Χڰ˿ΧսѰ˿
Ǳ˿ʵ˿ʣԪҲڰ˿Ŀ£ϵĲѷġôҵԪʼǱųӯǱΧҲܹǿĵֿ
Ҫ˵ֳ˿ĵ˭˶֪϶ǰҶʵġȻҲսͬɱǰײû·硣ǹֵٶȣа˿ԪϵĲ䣬ð׻ռϷ硣
ҶʲһҶԵңսನԴ鷳ҶҲϵԶԶġûڰ˿ԪķΧС
ˣ˿һֱעҶʵһһġҶֱˣֿҶ˿һδεľȻֳһġ
ǣһΣҶʾصһΡһ£ǰҶʵĸˣǳ߹ǣЩӺϴ̳ˡ
µǣֱۻҶ֮ɲǼԼ󲿷ֵĹעҶʵڣڲʴҶʵ塣
ð˿ô᲻ĵأ޲ǰһȭԼҶʡ˿󲽵Ҷʵķ˹ȥҪҶʡ
Χ밮˿ﵽһ΢ĺϵ飬ȫǴ󾪣ٵĸŰ˿ƶܹѰ˿¶ȥᱻҹġ
ΪսȦƶΧĵˣҲǿٵĸƶսڿٵҶǵķ򿿽
ҪٹȥˡҪҶʡĳȺУһס˰˿ð˿Ҷʿ
̫ˣսᲨҶʵĵطҶڵϢǲã˵ᱻҵıԷҵĸºݵġ
ңȻϢҲǺܺáվţûе¡ҪͻȻƺĹ˵ĻǾͻֵܵĹ
ˣǰǴһ˵Ƕǲǵѡ
뵽Щİףſٵĳ˹ֹ˰˿ж
ǡ˿ϵţǳżҪҶʡȻ֪ڵҶʵҪʲô
ûʲôǡڲܹȥܰ˿ô׵ķӳǷǳǿƵġûһĻء
ҲҶʵµĵط˹ȥ̨̫ߣҶʵ塣ֻܹǿеԪӳĽҶʵϢ̫áǰҪ;ƿһ
ҶʣһҪͦסص̾Ϣһ£ûκεİ취ս岻֡һ׸ӵĲ岻֡
ѾˣҪҶʾҵ˵Ļô̴뿪ξǻܵˡңеܻܿȫ
˼ϣ׵ֻ͡еűԷͳεĿܡ
ֻдŰ˿һƫƧĽ䣬ܶþǶõˡ
սҶʵĹϵҪò˵ֵҲΪˡҶʵĵˣϢڿٵǶޱȵܣĶȥˡͬûκεİ취ҶֶȽϵǿʱľǣѿĻᡣ
ϱ۷⣬ðŨ̹⣬Ũϱ˿ڴϵŤ˴Ѫ⡣һĴ׳ѿѿܿѿһֻõֱ۾¶˳
Լֱۣ˼ָûоʲôͬĵطޱȵ˷ܣΪսйĺķϱǷǳ˷ܡ
ҶʰҶʡ˻ôһǰܸѹôã˴ζܡǣܹôˡֻҪûһжпܡڣֻʤһΣһΡһξ㹻ˣҾͳ׵Ļ㡣ſţ˶Ѫӿķǳܡ˻תôã׼ôáΣҳ׵ĶϾѪһгɿաŽԿա
Ż߾ٹͷ˵ڻľϻϢŨǧ˿ƵİǴӻжİһ
âѩ貣ޱȵҫۣޱȵķâΧնֱӵ˿ˡ
ȥһҶŵķλ˹ȥ
һɫٴޱȡҶϢ״̬õʱҶ֪һܹסġҶʵϢ״̬ǳĲãһȥֱӾ˰ɡ
ϡ˻ʽѳҶʵơΪմȾҶʵѪҺ˻ʽޱȣΪؼΨһ
ǲõĽ⣬ѩĵâѹȥ˵Ŀ⡣


837 ξͲˣ
ϡ˻ʽһ£ΪؼΨһǹһеֻһĽ
һõĽӭǵâ˻ʽٵķŴñԿǵâ
һޱȵһͬע˵СϽǵâ֮У˻ʽײһ˲䣬һͬը
ϡһ죬˵Ķ䶼ѪȫѪʮͦ
ɫٲʧˣҲ˺ܶ࣬Կһȱڣⶼʧˡ
˻ʽǳ׵İȥɫĽûһ˿ĹֻǱɫ
˻ʽжϳأһؽһؽƺĹ֮£ûпסǰĵһεĹֵס˵ġ
ѵ˻ʽٵСĳĴСϡ죬˵ϡҶʵǰԶ
ۡٴ³һѪɫǲ԰ףĴϢš˷ܣ˫Ŀ¶һֱ̬˷ܡ
ҶĮȻˡҶǰˣǵǰڴȥѰҹ·ϵˡҶôǿƣͬ׵սҶʲһܵôҶʵ°ܽôҶʵֵսεôΪʲôһ˶ء
ǵ棬Ҷʵıնˡ˻ʵôĶˡңҶʼûκεĶҪǻеĽҶʵɢҶΪҶѾ͸˵İɡ
㲻һֱ˵Ҳôô㲻һֱΪ°ܽôŸʲôնˣôܹôеء֪㻹ûг׵ȥôζܲܰɡ裬ŷŭô΢ųȥˡſЦšûмŹҶѾϵˣҪʱʤߵ̬ԼܵȫȥңϢҲҪһµģ֮ǰǿеںϱҲǷǳĳ
սͻȻҶͣˡ
ں˿ѾʤˣûбҪսȥˡָҶʣܹɵİЩȫ
ǲŲʱȵ̫ˣú󱻶Էһµ
˼Ҳûж֣һĶ˫ĿĶڿ̫ˣ˾öġ
һЩĶȭͷŶԷǷſĻǳķŭûа취ǵż񣬸ով͵ȥˡȻżϵĹ⻷̫ˣǵȥʲôûˡ
ԷȻãʤ˱ϾʤˡûܹҲûа취Ťʵ
һҲ𣬽ŻѹԼŭ𡣶Է̫ɺˣʤҲʤˣûбҪôĶҶʽڿġ
ҶȻ˵ͷϼģ˵ҲϲˣҶʵϰˡңҶҲûڻ˵֮ôϲ˵ġ
ڣҲȥѡǿһⱻ˵ĻٴαѩĹâ
Ȼ˵ⱻˣǶڻ˵Ӱ첻󡣲˻ʽӵģֱǱˣеԶʧˡ
Ȼ˵ҲǲܹСģȱĻһһһ
ҪҶã״̬۷ʱȱģʧ˲ֵĻȻ˲ҶʵġȻ˵ǲȱģҶҲòȥġ
һɫٴδǻĵâççһƬһƬӵС
ңһӴлĳǸ߸ߵ̨ϣȳ˸ߴս
֮ǰﲻæҲæڣû˺ʱҲüսͿٵǸ߸ߵ̨ϳȥˡ
սǰʱԵǳһߴӰġһƤȹϰ˫ŵĴĺӡ˵ĺһ㣬ǿŲ˵ĲһһҰˡ
棬˵һɽҰ֮ˣõġ
үӣ˵һǵδҸҶʣܹһߵܹиߵĳɾ͡үӰοǰҿӿ˵İҶʾ֪ˣǴҶҲǻύˡܹһߵĸߵĳɾͰлл㣬ҪġԼһȥֵһͬȥ·ϻһ飬ôҲͦõģξͲˡս뵽Ҳ֪źʲô
źȻҲеģ⻹ᣬҪиʱԼȥķѡ


838 Ҷҿסˣ
Ҳȫź˶˵ҶʵΪ̫ˣеٶʵ̫ˡҶϤսǻô˵ҶʵΪͬĻҶʵľ˼Ӷһε飬ҶһԶ̶̵ʮʱ͸ȫ˵ġ
ңҶʵľУսҶʾ˴ˡҲսǵʱˣʶĶˣöˡ۽ȥˣҲȥˣȻеøӵĿٵˡ
սĺӣҪ˵һⱲֵˣֵˡĺе̵ӣ̫ҴˡսѵõҪʪһˣʱҴҶ꣡
ȻͻȻðһЩ߰Ķսٶһ㶼ûмٵĳȥѩĵâʱսǸոոϵ˵ġ
սŰ׹Ǵѩĵâ˹ȥǾ޴ӰӣҲսͬĶͬһ׹ǴӣӨʯкܶͼ棬ɻڷ衣еһһĸ˳
䡱һ죬õİ׹ǴҶеİ׹Ǵصҵײһĵâ֮ϡ
â˲飬ǣ֮¡Ǿҵһӵģǿеסˣûʲô󰭡
սȫѪðһŨɺѪڸˣһͬǿţҶʵǰûеȥ
ȡսһһڵʺӿ˳Ⱦǰ½
ȿȣҶθ㵲Ǳ˵㣬Ҳ֪ƶһ£Ҳܹܡ֪ҲĶ֣ôǸ鷳ءսֹģҶʵĲǡ
Ȼ˵һЩսûҪ뿪˼ǼᶨվҶʵǰȻƲȻΪͬĲֱͦıһѹĸɽһܲΡ룬㹻ͦΡ
ûмǴսǰɡ֮ǰ㣬ͦġںαΪһҶƴءҪңҸһ֮֮ϵĵλΡսԼһǷǳĳԾġڵԶ֮ǰ۷ʱˣҲģҲܹСġ
ҶʣǺ˰ǰҽֵʱ򣬸ǲҴŵİһΪܹһսġھȻ°ܽ۸ôĲҡսûлشĻԸֹ߶š
ιս˵˸һ֮֮ϵĵλ㵽ҪǲҪģսȻȫĺԼ÷ǳķŭ֪ЩʲôȻû̵ĹֻǵսûԼĻ˵һ顣
ҪҪðҪҶʶûйҪѹһͷ뷨ҪˣǲǱѹһͷôһűһսҶʵģƷǲҶʵѹţǳĲˬİսشҲǳֱӣͲϲΪˣ˵սһ衣ʴˣûʲô鰡ʲôġֱӾͰѻ˿ȥ
ǣһȥɡŭȻ˸ˡ̧־սһѩĵâս˹ȥ
֮ǰ֮սһսġҰ£´ʱȻҪġԼʲôԵĹʡ
оǣսһֱҶʵġҪʱ˵սսʱˮˡȻǼõˣܹҶһߵ˴ܴ϶ǲȵġ
Щ˲ŰҪǶܹΪԼãȻǷǳĲˡ
սĻشϡ˵Ҷ֮Ľ飬֮⡣
顱һ죬սð׹ǴȥӲһ˫Ŷ˼Ӳ̨Уԡβˡ
ս嶼΢΢սѪҺϪһĻ˳ȥֻҪսûеõʱľһǻġ
顱һľ졣һεĻ˰׹Ǵϡ׹Ǵ֪ʲôĹͷȻôļӲûһ˿ơ
Ǹ߾Ű׹Ǵֱ۲øӵˡֱͿҪסˡ˫һƬѪ죬۾еëϸѪˡ
ս˫۶ѾģˣʲôˡҪִãսֱ۶̧ˡ
ƾűܣսоҶʵϢûв׵ʧ
СҶӣȿס˰˵ⶼʲô°ҪģôȵȥȴءսޱȵֻԼõˡ
ȵҺУ̵ġ


839 ֵܣ
ٴεսķһ飬ûһ˿ӡ˵սǵвѡңսһûа취ʹõĵˣһ̵ĵˡ
սȻˣڽʱǱȴˡܹĸӦΧһУǿֲһܹҪԼһսȻҲǸӦ˵ġ
¶һ˿ĿЦôҪߵյô֪һԼܹܲȫĵ˵ֻܹһ֣ʣµҶܡ
սѾûа취ȥϸˡȫסˣǾԼһȥҶһߡûеסȻҶһ·ġûʲôԼˣҶȻҲǻᱻɱˡ
սɲΪ˭ܹסˡǿ׵ΪҲʲô̫õġ
ս쵰ôܹԼءţԭĸ߿ŮӦΪ̫ڵЩĵͳˡ
ߵʱԭļͻȻִܳ˾ŵԲ֮ŵ˴˼໥˺һƵˡ
ﻹʱȥЩġŵʧɫŵٵսķ˹ȥٶȿ쵽˼£Ǿŵɫһ
һ죬ն˾ŵ֮ϣһľ졣Ȼһ߿ŵͳһʮ֮ǻŵġ
ŵܵػŵ˻ŵһ壬ôĲġͻȻģ֪ôȥƣȻǱ˲Ĺˡ
ǣ֮£Ǹ߸ߵԾģ׼ԮҲѪһȺ֮ȥˡ
εĹһõġûöԷĹġǰսӳһˡ
ǿҵˡӺò׶׼ˣ׼ˡû뵽ȻˡȻ˵װźӲӣһǺܺµĺòáⲻҪһεôսþȫĺš
֪սҪԼԼٺ£ҪҪˣҲǵֵ˵ġԼôȥҲǲġ
ڵĿѪˡ绨ӣմѪ۵ģޱȵǱǼᶨ
˵ʲôء˭Լپһεˡⲻߵ̫죬ǸϵôһΣֵңһ·ĨȥԼǵѪһŪøӵĻˡ
ֵܣ֪᲻ҡˣʲôȱ˵ܲˣܹȥͻȥǵԺҪҶʱˡսЦţǳĿġһȻǶݵģܹѣǾҲûʲôźˡ
ʲô᲻㡣ǶܲˣһȥΪˣǾͻŹǵôЦЦ¶ڵĺ
ңǶ˵ˣӲˡǻһ·Ҳһͬ顣Ǽֵܣǵ棬Ҳûʲôܹ۸ǵġҲվ˳˵
תͷЦЦúٴεתԼĸףͨһ͹ȥ
ףТܹչˡǲǶԷһ·Ҿȥһһˡ˵ͳӿصĿ˼ͷÿһζޱȵ˽ʵʵײÿһζѪ
ӿĶڵѪԼĶȥԼȴΪĸоǷǳĲܵġ
ӿܹʲô취ء˵ҶˣܹճˡԵϢܹǿսˡʱһǻȥġܾôķ뿪ģ˵ֻˡ
طһԾսǰվ
һֱûȥǵģǳ˸߸ߵ̨סֻһ飬ȻվȻٺݺݵһȥ
໺𡭡ŵ˲һǳáͷ߸ߵײһ
Ҳ˲䱬ˡһȭǵâ˹ȥ
ҽУȭͷ顣ضѪ˳ȥڵϵĽڵÿһĿռ䡣
žžǲȺģضصĵ˵ϣϵĲš
ǲҪˣƫƫôģҪñһҪǱȻŸĵôս̾һ


840 סǣ
ӿǿĶڵѪȭͷȫקˡ
һôˣȻĸˡԼһͬ飬һĵˡҵﶼǷǳĲܵġ
ӿ죬絶ʡǸĶӵİƽʱȻѵñȽϵĺݣǶǸңӿôܳôصȥġ
ƴһΰɡһŮʱΪҶû˵Ե÷ǳԵġ
˶һ㶣ľȻתͷԴķһˮɫӰԵ÷ǳƽûеǣûк£ʲôûСʲôһ
һƴһΰɡҶתͷˣû˵ˮٴεĿڣ˵
ʲôȥƴûпҶսôȻ˵ΪеĸҪһЩսԵǳǵ˵ġͣսǶޱȵĺյġҶʣˣʲôȥƴءǷӦ˹˵ġΣˡ
ƴһôܹ֪ءȻ֪УǻȥˡˮȻûʲô̫ĲıǴ覵ˮˡ࣬һ˿̻
ǰȥˡǣǵ³ʲôġĲҪȥİһʹɫҶ̫ࡣһֱǰҶʵδҲǰҶʵ˾ġ
û뵽еţȻط͵ȥˡȻҲˡ
ǰǲУȥˡȡˣŬˣǵˡˮһЩı仯ԵǼӿ˵ġأ￴šܹôأѵ˸ɱôҶǶˣһ˭㻹㣿ǻᱻŹôлȥϣô
ˮǳֱӣֱӰѴҵĵǲʵʵһ˿Ļˡúܶ˶пһ£ǳܣԼƭԼǲܵˡ
ûһƴһΰɡôȥһǻġԷŹǵģǶǺ֮ǵôǼšңôţԼҪˡöԷ֣ǶѾʧȥսˡϵǣʱ򿪿ˡǰҶʵһżĽԼżڴҵǰộô裬ܲ˵ġ
ڽУҶʲһĵһˡҶʵʵΪҶʵΪʲôҪ˳ǧ򱶵ġڼҶʻ˵һ̿ʼѾǳΪҶʵԲзȥˡ
ãǺҵĸһһҲ̫ҪǾôıԷǿˡ˶˼ȥԼѵˡһͬˡǲֵȻǲҪôıԷġ
һЩѣһĺߵĿŹ档֮ǰĻǶȥˡ˼ѣҲô
ȻһҶ֪飬ֱӵĴˡôҶܹĲҴŵˣֱֻܹˡԣҶȥ˷˷Ǹ̨ϳȥˡ
׶ԴΣԼȥײẦ£Ҳ֮ǰʱסʱ򣬰׾ѾһεˡҪܹﵽҶʣ׾Բ˵ġ
ǣа˿סҪð˿ȥҲҪ˿ȥҶһҪð˿ȥ԰׺Ǿᣬ֪Ǹøǰ壬ǴŰ˿ϵĺˡ
ˣ磬һϰɡǻزȥȥˡڤˮǾ͹ˣֻܹڤеġ˿˰׵ԥš
ܸˡҶʣϱһ˵Ƿʲôص̾Ϣһ£ȻҲŰ˿ǰ˹ȥ˿˵ʵ飬ײòϣľûа취ϵġ
ǻڸʲôϷô֣סǡԷһѷĳˡǱܵЩµġ
ڵ۷״̬ƺǲõġû̫İܹͬʱôǿߵġ
ԼȫԭأһϷı顣ʱŭڴš
ɣҾ˵ˣҪһƴһЩĻġԷ۷״̬ûа취ȫôˡ֮ǰ֮ôһ𷴻ºֹҶǣΪ˸ѹȺ˷ܵĴţ·ǿ⣬ϣһ
˶Ǿһ񣬿ԷҲǿôĿµİ


841 Ǹ
ŭӵĺŷӦ˹
֮ǰȷʵ˿ϷĴ㡣ôǿƣ϶ܹʰ˵ģǴҵ뷨
Ȼǲ˷ȥԷӲֻҪӲͲܵ˺ӵĲܱԷµġ
ڣôĴˡȻǲ͵˵ġҪУƴߣͰǸˡ
Ǹʱô졣ԶԷôҲ̫аյġˣĺԭȾ׷˭ţǱȫǲĳ˵ġ
һĳռȻں˵ǰ˴Ӻ׷Ҳֻܹĺ󷽵˵ġ
ϣǶϺ󡣡˶档ҪΪҵס׷ĺˡ
ͷԼһ˿ǲеİɡ㡣Ҳͬ⡣Ҳĵˣվһ
ԷҲʲôӣðײ˰ʲôġܹģͬ켶ĸֵġ
ҪһǾǱġң𲻵̫ЧġԷһӵϣҲͬ׵ĸ֣϶ǻڵһʱͱ˺ġ
һӴϢǿˡꡣӴ󣬶ҷˣסԷ·Ȼٺòˡ
˸ɫԪâһˡǹһû˲µġ
ǰһ㣬ŨɫĹâͷ֫βͶǴĹСǾҵתͬʱϵҲǷӡ˹ΧУӹƬռ䡣
䡱һ졣һֲԪǽʵʵײǴĹ֮ϵˡ
ղϵĲѡǹϵ·Ҳ˳µԻ˳ǵתͣһ£㱻ȫֹסˡ
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֮ǰҵתҲΪжġǹûдһתŵĹǸķ򡣶ҹתŵʱĵطҲǲһġȻǹķˡ
󷽵ĺǳˡϾֻ˫˫ȭȻûжԷֽŶġҲԷӲƴΧ꣬Է
Ҫ׷棬׷ϡ˵Ҫ߰ɣͻȻִǴĹһƳˣǲ㣬ߵġ
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ǰǿҪӽˡû̫ʱҲòһ
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ΪһҶǣҲû̫áһȥûа취Щʱڶġ
ԼȫЩŭеˣֻ·һڵûʲôֵô˵Ĺġ
һѩĵâ˹û׼κˣֱӾȺмȥġ
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ɣҶʡԼҲǿ֮ĩˣѾǿҪ˼޵ˡǶնɱˣʲôһŬǸͬˣǴҶǳĸˡ
ұȽϵϤ˭ʲôΪжô֪ġ˿һȥֻͬ飬ȻǿһЩϣ


842 һһˣ
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ܹСͣѾոھ޴ѹ֮£˾ŵֻľžŹһɾˡ
иĶӣӿܹôȻ˵̫ŮԻһ㣬̫Ƥһ㣬̫û˽ڲһ㡣Ҳܹ赲ӿӵĹذӵ
ˣӿڿʱ۾Ǻ˵ġǳߣֱûκεıı˵ġҪӶԷ˺һġ
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һȺϺҪҧһͷ󣬿һ£ͷ˿̵顣һͷĴҲһͷС󣬵Ҳ󰡡Ⱥ˲СϣǸͷȽϴϣҲ϶ѵİ
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843 
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ǣû뵽ķӦ˵Ѹ٣ӿɥʧ˽һ˿ڵʱ
ʵʣֱӰӼ˿˳ˡһֱӵ˿˱ѿ˵УٵաϵĹâԵǱȸոնѵʱҪһЩˡ
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ⱪٶȷɿ죬ֻܹһڵ⣬Ѿǳ嵽ǰˡ
һ˫˸צӣץ˹ȥˣޱȵһҪץˣ˭ܹǱЩ˺һѪġ
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˶ԷĻȻǻ˵ġˣ˵Ȼǲġڲ룬ҲܹˡԣξѵĹʱ
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Ҳ̰ģһ֮ѸٵԶȥڿУֱǰѪȥ϶һɫĹâ
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ϻ챾ͲˡҪôҪôҲûеôǿҶһսѾ̫ˣôǲǺһĳ˹ȥ
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ǺҲңʼһǹŵģѪ˳ˢġ
̧һӣһõǺӳ֣ب˵м䡣ƴΧĺ˵ľһǺУǹ䣬ǳתϵĽĥˡ
ѾǷ˵ô׶Ըġ
ΧʬɽѪľ󣬲һġɱ¾̫࣬Թ鱻ǿֲɱסˣ޷תһһۻġ
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ǺӴ󾪣û뵽ĶԶôĳô鷳
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844 
ӿߣһȺΧһˡǺǿģ˵ձҲǲΪġ
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һֲĹâе绰ھġⲻԪˣȫǸֵۣǳ˹
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ˡһ죬ض˿һһľ죬ˡɱӿƬ̵ĳɡȻ˲ʲô۾˹ȥ
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һֲĹâ嶼ˣȫİȥˡ
ǰɹ⣬סˡŬ۾ǰȥӦΪվڱĵطǹԴȥȻǿġ
Ƭ̺Ӧˡ˫ӭǿҲܹˡǰһУĿѣǺ񡣵ǳ˺ޣҲûʲôİ취ˣʲôı䲻ˡһУΪǲŷġ
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ˣΪܵ˴ҺһȻǷˡ⾪˵ķһ޵ģھ͵޵ˡԣĹǱˡ
ǱһС飬Ĺǣȫˡ
ײѳĹ໥ײĹǣһ˲ѿˡ
顱һŵѪըؼɺһƬըˡĹǣİΧ䡣
ʱǰԼһԼ塣ըĹǣûһƬģȫź˺ҵ˽ȥ


845 
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Ϊ̫ܵһ޲ĹΪ̫ûһܹġ
Ǻ̫ǿˣȻôܹ˵һԵĴġҲ̫ǿˣȻôֵܹôõġ
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֪ˣʧȥ־һ˲䡣˲ԼڵԪڲⲿ໥Ľ֮£˲Ǳ󲻵
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ӽɱǡ۾ͨ죬֪ԼѪҺ۾մȾ걬ѿѪ
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ڴһĿģȻͰѺܾǰνìܶ⿪˵ġ֮ûеˣеֻѡ
ڣһΪǣԼˡô£ôѪȵֶΡ֮ȫʬûеġ
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⻰ޱȵˣɫǷǳĲÿԷ̫ˡңĹȷʵǴ򲻳ˡ
˲˵ˣȾǰԼѵˡ״̬ͲãȫʢʱڣһǴ򲻳µġ
ߡĺһҧ͡һſڣȻ³˿еѪȻһҲ᲻ˡ
ĳϫٴεˡǲƺˣǱԷˡ£ù治òˡ
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ˣȥֱӾˡôܿѽӶԼΧˡĻ˱˾ġ
ˣһס˹棬ֹ


846 һΣ
ֹһ£ʱһкǿתĹٴεֹͣˡҲûʲô̫ķӦֻһĿЦתͷ档
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סǣҪǵóˡ˾ֵĴţĺˡҲûһ˿ĵЦͷˡ
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ǣŸЩ˲ûжǴҿġһǲֹ۵ġ
ͷ㿴ҵûдɡƫҪϰ˵°أ㿴ôļ򵥣ԷĳҲһûˡЦţޱȵˬʣʮ㡣ûһ˿쳣ʲôȫĺһ
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ϻƣҲˡڹ꣬붼Ȳ˵İɡתͷĿ档ε̾һ˵ޱȵˣھȻܹ΢Цһȥ׽͸İ
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ҶʴʱڵϡǼѾҶʵΧˣȻͬˣڳԵĶҶʽһЩľΡ
顱顱ͬʱķˡͬʱ鿪ˡûѪɡ˶Ĺ꣬Ʈɢ
һ̣¶һĨ΢ЦΪ㱻סˡȻһ˲䳹׵ʧˡ׵ǿߣôĳ׵ˣʲôû¡
ǿսʧĵڶ׵ǿˡǣĻ֣ûм
·̫ˡѵǿܻȫطˡ
ҶϢԽԽ΢ǸӦʲô۽оӨ黬䣬ǶߵһôĶֹסġ
ͻȻһŭ˵ע̫ϤˣȻӴʱ䲢̫ӡǴҶѾǼ̵ˡ
˶ǷǳĳԾû뵽ӵġѾǲƳӵˡôôǿӿֵءһ˲䣬ǿ˵ġ
ڴҵע£һʯ˳ˡһ㶣Ҳвٵǿġ֮ǰڷڣ֮еʯ񡣲ڣѾʵˣ֮ǰôʱ䣬ҲһûпԷչֳڣġ
ڣʯ񣬴ǿյڣ֮е˳ˡùǶǳĳԾġʱ϶ƽ޹óһЩûõĶġ
ңʯ壬֮ǰУǿǴʵˡҶʿŶûһİ취Ǵġ
Ȼ嶼˿ˣɫѪʯ͸˽ȥüĵĵطһ߲лϢǳۡʶʯͷʯ˶
ϡʯ˫ۣ˫ɫ磬һ
Ļ쵰ǣǱҵġǸǶʯ񣬻˵ڵŭţжĨһѪ
ڵƱ֮ǰ۷״̬Ҫãһеӵĺˡȴһ㶼ûиˣкܴ
ѾǱȵһòôˡ
ʯʵޱȵûʲôͬġ˫ŲڼӲ̨ϣ˵졣ÿһ¶ޱȣڴһ
ǻ˵ģôֻȺСҲûмʲôļ󣬸û˵жܹͷ
ౡһͷ˲˹צӰնˣļͷץ˹ȥ
ϡһĲϳצӣļͷϴһĻǣȴûκεá
ļͷϾһۼûġһ㶣ԣҪ߷ȥġ
һ˫ɢɫâĴ֣ץס˴˫ȡɴƴǶûκεõġ
ȡ˫
һͷƤƤͷһҵĳ䣬ֱӱ˺Ϊ롣Ѫˮʪһ


848 
һʯǳĹ죬ǳа졣Ѫ겢û˳ʯı滬䣬ǻ͸˽ȥմȾ˴Ѫʯ嶼ǱЩ˵ġ
ͬʱʯΧһƬʬɽѪľеһͷӰǳԣ֮ǰѳĴǳƣһЩϤϢġ
аֶΣ˶ޱȡǺӸǷŭޱȡǰѣȺ˶ԷˣǵǺӵġǺΪġһָоǳĲˬڿ˶Էķʽɱ˼ӣԵڽһа׼ġ
Ǻĳ˹ȥ̧־һƬ貵ǺʵĴǣиٻ˹ط
ǺӰ˽ȥʵĴҲһƬǺ֮˵ġһõǺУ
ǿޱȵǸӵǿˡ˫ȭңҶʵսķ緶κεĶ
䡱䡱䡱һſŵǳϵı˿ķɻҡһ㶼ˮģһȦһţǷǳʹ졣
㲻еİסҵġҪɱңҷ˾ͽҪɱˣǷػǱİءЦţˣǲżˡ
ûһ˿ˣսƶԶ۷״̬ġӣʮ֮ڰҶʶŷģȻǲẦʲôǺЩһǿߵˡ
󱲣治֪㸸ĸôĽģûи߹ҪسǺӵɫǳĲÿȻܵһС裬ǺӵЩҲסġ
ʱ򣬴ҾԽľҶʵĺˡҶʵĶ簡ʲôģҲЦ٣ҶʲôĿôᡣ
Ϊʲô˻ôǿġÿһ˻ʣٻҲȥġ෴ģÿһٺãҲͬòʲôطȥġ
ðҾȭͷ㣬ʲôءǳĹϣͻȻı˳һǺӾҵĲȻˡеʲôǳҲڵһʱͻ˷ɻҵˡ
ֱӰǺӶˣֶΣɰֶεˡ
СġӿһʣȫǺӵǰײǺӵϣֱӰǺӸײѪˡ
ܿģҾͶ֪ΪʲôӿṥǺӵˡײǺӵļֱ˿ˡԵǰ˺ܶˣȻĸ˳
֮ǰӿǱܵķ˲ԣŹϵĳֵˡȻǺӵٴεܵ˺ǿĳӿ춼Щ֧Ųס˵ӡ
̫ˣ̫ˡûгʤ׷ڵ˵ȫûκεıҪġڣҶվҵǰҲǲẦġοǣ̫ˡֱаײһŶԣײ˶ԳԣʲôöûС
ſĴЦ˹ÿ̫˶ܲ˵ģѪˡ
Ķ˹ȵףͻȻǿˡ̫ˣôҶǵסˡܶ˾Ϣǵֵ˵ģ˵еˡ
ҽͻأĴ˳ͻȻֹˡûȫķǱǿежһ
һͷ߸ߵķѪˮϸߡͷ۾Удǲ֪ôġ
һħ帡ʬԱߣԡѪ֮СΧУٴεĶһǵӰ
ǵвҽеٶ̫죬ûа취׽ȻҲûа취Чķġ
ұһ𣬶ûκεõġ˶ûпֱӾͱɢˣȻٴεĳֻɱԡѪˡ
ȥĲһ壬ͬģʹġһǻԡȥǿߵѪģеӰԽԽˡʯ֮ϣѪҺɫҲǲϵļˡڳɫԪâǿңʯ֮ϻŨѪ⣬ɫԪһ𣬱Ϻɫˡ
Ҷ־ˣĶ˶һ˿ϣһߵˣҲԼ֪ôȥΣգû֪ô졣ֻεվԭأϵĳ֡
һĲҽУһʧⶼ˼ϣǹӡڶûгɳûпûţôĵˡ
˱۾ûа취ֻֿԼӵĺ°ˡ


849 ׷ͺڷ
ûһֱɱ¾ȥǾЩ̫ˣɱûһĳɾ͸лʲôġˣûмĹЩǷ˵ط˵ˡ
ͣĿеļˡǺӹŸӿǡ۾Уɱ⼸˲˼սɱԶɱĸӵȤӵʹ졣
ȣصĿӿ졣Ϊ֮ǰ˸̵ӡ󣬱䶴˼ǵһΡּεĳָţǵڶΡ
ԣӿôôġոպãӿҲôĿġ
˲ľӿ˹ȥˡӿʶ볣Щͬӡͬûܹ׽ĶģӿٴεģĸӦˡ
ʣѾ˵ǰһ𣬳һĶơ
ڶƸոγɵһɲǣƾ;ҵɲǼγɵģɲǼʧˡһӰӿǰǶǱӿ˵ġ
ķӦǺܿİȻܹ㲶׽ġӿܹ׽ԼĶҲǷǳľġʣҪǱ˴˵ݽһµĻԼǾԵĲ׽ġǶԷÿζ׼ȷĲ׽ˣȻ׼ȷķˡ
ӿɫ䣬û뵽ԷֱӵѡԼܿӿȻˣѡѡԼҲһӵġ
ԼһޱȵġɱˣһܹʰԼġûκεӵģ˾ˡ
ȻԼİ취ˡʲôֵġôǿ˵ĿǾһ΢Ķӿ쵭˵ͬʱСĵĽ䱸ţܵ˶ԷĴ
ôһЦӿ棬һȭӿ֮ϴ˹ûκεĻڣҲûκεСȫȫľͰԼĶ¶ӿ쿴ˡһӣǶӿһӡ
ΪӿֻһЩĹŹְˣΪ塣ûʲôֵܹüɵġ
ӿ̾Ϣһǿ˫ּܳʮмܡȻһСˣңԷʵġ
䡱ûκεӿֱӾͱ˳ȥˡ
ۡӿصĵ˵ϣȥԶſ³һѪɫӵήҲˡ
˰챻Ŷӵѵˡӿһ㶼£ֻǾڶӵǰһСʹˣе㶪׵
ӿ˼ʱٴγˡȭӿȥ
סȻԶȻˡչҶʵʱ򣬻עߵĶģΪԼĸߡ
֮ǰһ˵ЦһĵȥˣˡѾûʲôİ취ˣӿ챻ĹϾҪˡûа취ܵˡ
˵һЩ˽ĵġϾҲûа취ġԼĸףѪԵϵģ˭ܹԼĸ׵Լǰء
ˣѾ˵壬ǿеתԪѪһ߿ʵһ
ҪĴ߶£ıŭ֮£ȻմȾľѪԭǾŵȻ˲һˡһ
̫ڵĸߴʲôġĴСһ˲࣬ӦСˡ
ޱȵϣƷǳĺˡƵʸӵϣʸӵƣʸӵʡ
գֱӴԶð˳ӿһ˲䣬˳ֱӰ˳ȥ
Ҳ˶ӵĲˣ˶һѪˡҪִԼܹȥͼֲסˡ
ˡƷɵȵ˵ϣһǿ
һ鶼ûУȻǱ͵Ϯ˵ġǹ˵Щӵġ
һǾĶӰɡ츳Ҫ߳ܶӵİôģûٻ˼İɡЦţôôа
ҪʲôӿľģоԣзǳĿ־塣ԼûйϵǣҪԼǰӿġ
ʲô㲻Ƕ뵽ôα֪ʵİҾɱȻ׷ͺڷһΣòãĴЦţûаӿǷ۾Цޱȵſ


850 㲻ѵĺã
ô˵˶ĵ׷ġȻ뷨ֱ׵ĸ˵˵ġ
ʵôǺһġȻѾռ˾󲿷ֵƵˣȻǻҶȫġ̫ˡҪݶһһ£ҶҲǻôġ
ǣǣиӹϵӿңԷôĴ뷨ľôЩܲ˵ˡ
˶ӿ쿪ڴȣ˾֡Ҳû֮ǰĿһеƵˣϵӿôĶˡ
ӿһ̬˹ȥһҲûɱֱ֣һưޱȵӿķһߵˡ
ٶûһ˿ӳٵģķ˹ȥˡôҶ֪ˣҪð׷ͺڷ˲ֻ˵˵ѵġ
һҲЩĬˣȻǳ˹ˡûжҶߵ˶֡ǻͣеѾ˶ˡΪ׷Ȼǲܹ¶˵ǰġ
ˣȺ˵ǹµˡ鿴ǷǳҪġֱЩ޼ɵˣһЩ̬ĿеġЩôܹĵġǺǻɣҪǰ²ʲôģ᲻ᱻһʹɱֵġԼ˾ˣûʲôǣԼļˡǵȫЩһеˡ
ˡǰһȺбܽȻûȥ赲ˡˣȻҲȥŸɵġ
ԣֻʣĳصĽŲ
ȻߵķǳʱڴҵУӿУǾߵ̫˵ġ
ܹĻһߵһЩġʱ仹ܹĻϣһꡣʱͱ˳ˣҲֱǳ鳾ˡ
ʯڵϵˡһѰʯ֮и˳ˡ
ޡСݺݵһڻѪҺĿˮ
Ҳûȥֻ΢΢ı۾һѪˮԼȥˡ
ôƯǿϧˡϧһѵǡаЦţҲϵĿˮ̧°ͣ
٬ҲǳḡǶ٣ڵϷŻƻŮһġĳûпҶһĵС
̫ĵļˣͻŮˣȻȥϷŮӡÿܹЩƯŮӺ߻ܿʱǶǻῪĵĴЦġ
û뵽鷢Լˡ÷ǳĻƣ϶һļƤˣоЩҵŮӱԼϷһˡ
ѵôˡǺùѵүǵġһļЦ༥
ѾǵڵزˣѾûʲô·ˡԷŵԼҪԼΪ£ΪҪ͵ԷͷˡԷῴԼԼǻȿԼġ
ԣҵĵ÷ǳĸɴġֱǻ˹ȥ
㡭ߣҲƽϡһʲôãһҿ㻹ܹЦĳôҿ㻹ܹôŭ̧־Ҫһġתۼͷ㣬Ǹ߸Ҳķ£Ħš
ҶЩ񺮵ˡڲ²⣬Щʲôİõİɡ֪ǸСǸСܵġ
ôЦôڡЦҺ޲úѪ⡣ҧгݵغĿҲһЩˡ
СӣôϲϣһҲôӲȻһĶˡЦţ°͵ҲΪ΢΢Եıǳ˵ĻȴǳᡣôҶЩܲ˵ˡ
顱͵İסԴһ¡
һԴЩκˡȻֱץͷԴȵ̧
ͷһĿӣѪģѪҺˡģߡ
룬ԼһǷǳĿµİɡҪǰЩҰԼŮӿ͵Ļ국ǰǻѶԷŻİɣ᲻Ĳ٣Ǿǲ֪ˡ
ǺǡǺǺǡʱȻЦˡɫûһ˿ʹ࣬ޱȵĿģռ˴һˡ


851 û
žһ죬ֱӸһ⡣ݶɳ˼š
ǳĲ쵰ôһ㶼ϵءԼ̰̣ʱôܹЦءⲻǴԼô
ԣûһ˿ˡֱǸһˡ˵İգܿľ͸߸ߵˡ
ûЦˣΪߵո߸ߵˣѷʲôˡ
ҲôĳϢиƨı¡ҪҶ˽ıȽ϶ġҶôܻᱻܵءôȶģͲңˡ˵ȻЩģҲЩ׼ġ
Χʵ̫ˣ˵ҲǷǳĲģȻǰһж˽ȥˡ
˶ǵ˵ͷǳͬҶ֣ÿս֮󣬾ͻߵġ
һȥģͶҶʷǳϤˡȻ˵ҶʶҲǷǳϤġʧôõʱ䣬֪ԷʲôļġҶʣ˼̫ˣع̫ˡôҶǶˣֻҪȻܹܶйҶʵϢġ
ҶǴ򲻹ҵġţһվţõ֤Щ׳գֻ֪ǰǰʲôãҰһǧһεģʲôϵءһûһվţҾϣڣҲǺ׵ĸһεôʲôҪҪεİҶʵУ˵ԵһԶʹ
Ⱥ쵰һһεİ˿ڸ˺˿ڸ¶˵۹֮¡ⶼûкãҪ˿Ρ
Ȼڿ˵ҪʲôġǻǿԿġ֮ǰľǷǳġȻĻô˵Ҷʱδζܹġ
Ĳ⣬ֱˡʵͰǰʲôֵñء
ôôôļһֱǸʧߣڲһʱС˵־ˡ磬㶼ỹġûǣܹʰġһߵȫľ˵ģһߵ΢΢𣬷ǳĿġ
䡱һȭֱӴ֮ϡһȭڵݡѪˮĴ
ܶ˴һȭȻǴ̫͡ˣûʲô֪ûܵصƵġ
ѾǷǳˣһȭԲ𶯣ֱӵĻ˹ȥѾǱղϵˣѿһӣϸݴе˳Ѫˮİ׵ģĵ˵ϡ
ϡ۾۾ֻһ϶˵
̫ƣˣҪ۾ô˯ȥġ֪ԼһǱˣԶˡ
ĵһúõľô˯һġһ˯ˣʲôùˣͲʹˡ
ʱ֣ԼʵҲͦİ֪ߺʹ࣬Ǿ᲻ñ۾ϲŰ
룬ԼΪʲôҪôʹءȥҲûһȻѽƵҶʵȥˡ
ˣһϣҶܹٴεȻԼѵġûпҶٴεʹһΣ᲻ñ۾ġ
Ҷʵ۾УҶһֱǳʤİɲܹһεȥˣԶĵȥˣɾһɳܵİࡣ
վ壬ץͷԶĽǱ˵ӿȥΪʹһ
΢΢һץͷӿ˹ȥӿϽֽסưܵٴײ
ò˵Ķһ۵ĳԸһľǿж˵ıҲһġĿǰһԸӣ˵Ҳ֪ǱĻʲôĻ
ӿû˵ıһ֣ûһӿ˫սˣָ׶Ѿǿ۽Լеˡǣӿһĸоûеġ
ףûи㶪İɡо嵽һϤĻУ۾һЩͿһϤ
һεˣԼͯһֱڡޱȵģȴޱȵĴ۾иĵˮ
ҪЦģȴԼˣЦ
ûȻûжˣġԶġӿЦЦЦޱȵѿ


852 䣡
ЦĸӵĿĵˣȻ˵沿ûʲôģӿ֪Ц
ףСκǵһҵİɡĺܿġСȻûдҲԵûбġ
һΪԼĸײϲԼԼôӲŻӵġСʱǵƤԼĸǳݣһЩֵ顣ҪԼĸ׶עԼһ¡
ĽӿһԲİʲô鶼õġȻؼңҲֻԼǶԻǴôĲ֮ˡ
ˣԸ׵뷨Ѿһ˽ˣвԸôĳϡϾСʱһֱΪ飬ôƷˣһ˲Щܲ˵ġ
ȻҶǵˣһǶ粻ϵġⲻΪ˱ԼĸףøעԼˡȫǸʹȻˣСʱɵϰߣһ˲ǸĲ˵ˡټϣҶҲʲôʡ͵õƵģȻøӵķˡ
ǰǵһο㡣ǸײãǸײáʵһֱǸġǸ׾˵̫ڵĽˣһֱû˵Ǹˡӿ컢Ŀᣬ۽ǵֹסˡ
ˮϣǡνУɬ̵ģеĵĸ
һĻ鳡氡ݵôĺãôµءʱһг˸˵ĶԻģȻ
ɱҵĶӣĥԲһüͷġӿҧгݵ˵ȻŭǲòѹסԼеĻǰѶԷŭ˵ġ
ô˰µôôĳ壬еɱҪҸ˺ˡ˵ǴӦأǴӦأǴӦأƤЦĿӿ죬һļЦ
ɱҵĶӣˡӿصĵԼͷǳΡһ˲Ҳޱȵįˡӿĸ˵ԴǱɱҪܵġ
ǣӿѾûκεİ취ˡԼԼĶӵڶԷϡԼˣҲˣôõˣҲʲôˡԼĶӲеİԼĶӻİдõǰ;
ǣĶôľǱġҪǷǾ÷ǳĲĵİҪΪǺңºұôءһˣԼصӵ˼¡
Ҷ֪ڵϷӿ졣èץס󣬵ǲἱųһȰŪûκεˣŻῼǳԻǲԵӵġ
ڣèӿǱֻèץס
ӿҲ뵽Ǹܵˡӿûκεİ취лԸȥһεġΪ˶ӣǷϣǷһСӿ춼Ըȥġ
ģһģԲ㱨ġҪһԲãҶܲ鷳˰ɡӿͷøӵĵ͵ˣһ˲ǳĺˡʲô־ʲôĶûˣڵ¸߰ͷ­һ̣ӿ˵һжûˡ
ҶǷǳĳĬ֪ӿôķˡβܹõĻӿ춼κεĽˣΪ᲻ᵹˣǳ˵ˡ
ǣʲôءҲʲôģҪõĻҲ֪˶ٴεءҪȶַϵȻԲðɡЦţ̧Ȳӿı֮ϣĿЦš
㡭㲻Ҫ̫ˡӿ˫ĿҵĲš֪ΪԷ裬ǱԷġеİɡ
ӿ챻ôĶԴ˶קȭͷһ̵ӿ첻ʲôǿߣֻһϣܹúõĻȥͨĸסΪ˶ӣ¹򣬿ԷϣʲôҪȴԷһδεϷŪ˭ܲ˵ġ
ףʲôֻҪĶ˭ܹӵùֵءˡһжڶУʮǳļᶨǳǧ֮һܹնһС
ӿһʹࡣ̧֣ȥѾûκεİ취ˣԼǶӱɷͬϣܹȥġֻΪĸ׵͵ҪҲϣˡģӿѾǹ˲ϵˡ


853 ˣ
ӿľˡӿһ˿Ҳ׵ļ̤ˡΪ˶ܹȥѾǳ׵ĲԼ˵ˡ֪ӿľǷһЩʲôġ
ף͵Ļʲôãȥʱþˡ
ĸף÷ǳİһЩĺµġôĽôΰǾԲίȫġ
ǽ죬Ϊ׵ȫˣһеĶˡ
죬ֻҪܹȥܹһ˵㹻ˣȢޣӡȻһڵģֱȥӿҲǴţеˮɴ¡
춯ְѡȻһ˵ҾͷˡһſĴЦţ˶Ҫ˺졣УһǺˡ
ǶӿԸӸȾˣ̫һˡǱûʲôڵģΪһĪҶߵ˶档
ҲȢӣǶһֱţࡣֱܶ˶֪һʵ档
Ƕּ򵥵İһһˡȢӣȻһֱôƽһ
ûдɱɱòŲҼˡִ߽ģ֮໥ڼԼȥԡ
һСԺӣҪôĴ󡣵СԺбҪһŴ԰һȥ³һ裬ԺһЩС
ǣ˵룬ǲʵֵõԸ
ǣ˿ӿôĶԼĶ˵Щ˶оޱȵѹͬܣ嶼΢΢Ĳˡ
ߣˣǵҵϡǸӦʲôתͷЩ˴
˶ʮֵĳĬԶԡ˶ں۵ڵսȭͷָؽڷסǣܿȻķˡֻˡ
ʱҲסˣ֪ô׵ĻɽѹϢ
ӿϹ⻪˸ӿɱõģƴȴԸԼĶӵġķ̡
˶ĿһĻ˶תǱԼ۾ǻ˾һĻ
žһ죬Ƥ⽻ʱЩͻأġҵȴЩһġ
ˣһ˶ޱȵĴ㵡̫ϤˡǣӦʱİ
˶𾪵۾ǷĵطһߵĶޱȵĴ㵵ı顣Ҷߵˣȫһ˷ܵɫ
Ҷʡ㡭ô㲻ǡ𾪵Īӿˡ
ովӿһƾͿҪȥ˵ġǱҶʸʵʵץס󡣲ȻĻʱ򣬶Ѿȥ˵ġ
壬ȱһȥһ°ɡ飬ǿ˵ҶʲûֱӵĻشӿ⣬ֻվӿ츸ӵǰѸ˶ȥˡ
õġԼСһЩӿ˲عҶʼȻôĵվȻǶԶԸоԵĵġԣӿô˵ġ
ҶʡҶʵˣ֮ǰһп˵Ǻľˡʱޱȵĺһ
ֵܣллˡҶһûлͷˣһƲӽɫľѪ˳ûڣϢסˣô
ҶûлͷҶԼһǻͷˣӻ˲ı
֮ǰҶȻ˴ˣҶʵʶģûԺʲôġˣҶʶ緢һУ˽һġ
ǵ壬Ҷȫţⲻˣ⻹Ǿ޴Ķ顣ΪԼȥսءһжƴˡҶʶš
Щ飬Ҫ˵ڡΪ̫ڵĽ飬Ҷʾãֱжõġ
ӿ֮ĸ顣Ҷʸдǳ̵ġҶ뵽ԼĸףҶ뵽Ҷս
ͬǶԼҪǳϸͬʲô˵ҶսΪҶ飬һ㶼ӿٵģһ㶼ѷɫӿġ
Ϊ˻ʵĸףҶսĶӵĶࡣһֱĬĬĸ֪һ̣ҶʲͻȻ֣ԭԼĸΪԼôˡ
ΪػԼıءҶսǺķҶһֱǵãǸƵԼĻеҶս


854 Ҷӣ
Ҷ˵Ŀ³Ͼɺ޵ˡ֮ǰԼĸ֮ȥˣԭΪġڣԷǱӿ츸ӡ
ҶǺ͸ˡܿܣӮⳡսҶˡ׸ˣԼ
ǣûҪκεˣΪλҪ衣˼ô˭ǵİ
öԷĸֵʱҶǺܿߵġԷϵڽ壬ڿͷϲϵӿ졣
ҶһֱҪɱ˵ġĻҶĻôġҲҶָˣ̵ľͳ˹˵ԭ
ҶʡϸĶҶʿ˰죬ڴţϵϳ㲻Ӧ˵ôôˡ
֮ǰҶʳʱͻȻЩľĸоűܵһεľġȻĻҶʿѾ˵ġ
㶼ûôܻءôĶĵģô˶ĺúõģôܾôİߵءҶʵ˵Ȼʮֵƽʲôûзһ
˶֪ƽֻƽ֮£һ̲һǱӴĻɽġһǱ˳˶Ầµġ
Ҳã֮ǰһ㶼ʹģҶó۷״̬˭ҲҪҴŵˡЩ˶ҷǳĲڣҾҪǵ棬ٴεİġҪǿ˭ǿġЦţ·Ѿʤ֮Ĺ⾰·ҶʾѾϵ׸ķˡ
Ҳ뷨֮ǰµõһĶ֪ģڲһˣѾ֪ˡҿ㻹ܹˣʲôΣҲҪܡҲҪ֪°ܽԶ°ܽҶͬһĶûпģͷǳĶ
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ֱҶʳ˹ˣͷϽ˫ûʤģսһƽֱ֡ӿʼ˽һ֣ҲҪһ֣浶ǹĸɣ˭ȭͷӲ˭Ļ͸ӵе
ȫԪȫתˡ嶼ɢǿҵϹ⣬ΧһƬ޵һĳҲǷǳĸ˳ˡ
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Ϊ˵ǿȦɵġΪֻǰԼȫʵȫҪҶʶԿġ
ҶߣЩ˵ˡҶǲҪĴ򷨣ֱת˳Լĳܼ޵˲ı˴󲿷ֵĵطȫðŨĵɫѪ
ҲΪҶʵĲҪҶʵǳ˵Ԥϵˡ˲䱬ǳ˵ġ
顱һ죬Ҷʵ˫۶ը˲֣ɫѪҺɽǳĺˡ
ҲͬǲܣֱӱҶʸ˳ȥˡ˫ھҵĲȻûƿʯʵֱѾһЩƵˡ
㲻ҪôȻ仰ǳĿЦҶʻͷ£˵ĻӵĿЦġ̲סˣǿʳˡ
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ȻǲϵģҲòϣҶڵϢ۷ġǶʯеԼһһսİյġ
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䡱Ҷʵð˽ɫʥ棬еԪоѪȼղܹγɵġ
һΣҶ˹ȥҶʲҪı֮£ٶȣȫǿֲޱȣҶԼЩµġ
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855 ɵƣ
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һͷ亹ҶӣȫҪʱ׵ģ˭ܹ㹻ĵվӵҶʵǰء
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ȻһҶǳϤһĻҶʵȫͿ쵽˲˼ģȫʧ˳еˡӿǹ˵ʶȫûа취׽ҶʵĹ켣ġ
ֻÿһεĹĶݵͣ٣ܹͨܵ˴֮ķӳжϳҶʲôطġ
֮ǰķŰɱҶߵˡڣҶİ취ϵĸصĴҲδûҶʹҪͼеġ
еĽɫѪƮɢĶһ˿ɫѪ໥ĽӴȼˡ
ɫѪȻҶʵˡǱģȫҶԼŪġɫѪȻˡȫǵ۸ˡҶ۸ԷԼĴҲȷʵЩ̫ˡ
ҶʣôȥԼȱô
ǰȫڲˡ
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ȻģȻáҶз߶仰ļֱԸӵˡ
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䡱ĵһµ棬ֱӾҶʳ˹ˡҶѣҶڵ״̬ŵĸ߶ԷҺǿҰ
Ҫʱ򲻹ŶԷָ˹ˣľɵƵˡ
ҶԽԽѾܹҶǻҰܵɫˡһôɫƤҲǴ󲿷ֵĶѵˣ¶İɭɭĹһһ㶼֮ǰҶʵӢˡ
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ʲôҶʣĳ׵ĳΪ˹ȥΪʷˡһΣҪҶ嶼ĥ飬Ҷˡ
ɵơҶͻȻЦǳĿġ
òԣѾûа취ֵˣ̫ˡңΪҶʾôĻᱻ˵ġԣȫ
ˡռ䶼ǾҵĲһ£ǣ˵ġⲨǳĹ죬ԴͷҶڵĵط
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һõɹ˶ǲһµ۾ȵǿҵĹâɢȥ֮󣬴ҶǰһĻˡ
ҶȫһȭĹȭͷ֮ϡ˶һֶݵƽ״̬֮£˴ſռ䶼סһûκεĶ


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˴󾪣ҶǵĹע»ָԼġΪ֮ǰһΣһδҿķǳеģȻûȫףǻǿһЩŵˡ
ʱ䣬ʱôͻȻоô͸ҲһֱעҶʣǹâʱѾǷ˲ԵˡȻʱĲԽԽǿңȻҶʾõĳˡ
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Ҷʽ޽ģ٣ûһİ취ġҪǿܵĻҪתܵˡ


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ҶһδεĳǡɱԡĹǽڽڰˣǿܹмҶʵĹġ
ǷǳıġͨĹܹҶʴ̫˺˻һδεһĹȻתʱָʱ򣬾ȻԽԽǿˣֱЩ漣ˡ
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ҶҲһĲܣôƴϱ˵ͬʱһԼġǸģ˭ֵܹþһЩ
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ǰ޳ܰѲҪӵ˼µİӿʼսʼڣʱ޿̵ĶڷǲҪ츳ʱ޿̵ڶԼˣҲڶˡ


858 ǿǿ
ҶʲϵĶԶɱвϵŲ֮ǰɱʵ̫ˣһϣÿһĿռ䡣
ҶʵһЩٶٿһЩҲûа취СƾʧİԣҶʱİ˺öµġҶҶʿ˹·֮ӲͷƤײȥġ
ȺǺһ㶼ûֵġҶʿ֣иŶԷЩѾǡЩˡˡ
ҶʾǷǳıģĹѾʶ˵ģƫƫûеӻ֡
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Էû̫ڸӵ˼룬ɲΪҶ˼밡ʲôľֵġֱҶʳ˹ˡ
Է̧־Ҷʴ˹ˣ˫֮ڹ˸Ҷʿڹ֮еƣЩͣǳĽˮһġⸯʴԼǿԪǿǰҲǲܵġ
ҶʲôۻĶӴ̧־ʹһƬգҶʵĿռһӦãʱ赲ԷĹ
Էһƴ͸УռٵĲϵĲšܿģͱʴһ󶴣Ȼһ˲ֱӵľˡ
ҶĺˣǳһԷһЩʱĲʱĿٵʧӶﵽǿҵĸʴЧġ
ҶʱȫٵǺڹ˹ȥҶʿҪץס˶ԷƵʱҶһ˶һͷߵ顣ٵ˺һ½ǣȻĲ֮ϣƶĽʵʵˡ
ȻҶòŲƬƣץ˶Է֮ϡ
ʱ䵹ԼϣԼָ۷״̬ȻͣԼǲһֱ۷״̬ϡ
ʱͬǿڱ˵ϣ˵ڡҶʼʱĵˣԷڿٵܿľƣ
Ҷһȭĺ˺ڹ֮ϣֱúڹ˷ɻҵˡ


859 Ƽ죡
ҶʵĶ̫ˡǺڹ˵ĲǳǿҶΪҶҪķһֽţܹѶԷеġ
û뵽ҶôľͰѶԷɱ˵ġҲûָڹܹסҶʶõġǣҲû뵽ڹȻôľˡ
ҶʵʱҶ֪ǳĿֲģҶܹ͵ĵڣǾõ֤
ҲԵеʱҲкǿáԲġǾǲ֪ôĹԷġ
ڣҶʾ൱ǸҽһֱӵĵŴҵ棬ʱεĹĸչʾһ¡
ȻļӳֵЧһģʱڵ˵һǿֲޱߵˡ
ʱҶֱӵǳ˳ȥܿľѰҵ֮ǰԼɳȥӰΪûĿƣʱӰֻһЩԭʼıܡ
ҶʿɲôĶ࣬ǶԼҶֱӵľˡٵڿռ崩Уһεĳ֣ѾǵǸӰǰˡ
Ҷ־סӰĲӣֶͬٴεʹ˳ͬĿ£˴ҵڶֵ𺳡
ȵʱҶѾǳɱ˺üˡЩǿСģҶרѡЩǿֵġ
һǱˣ걻Ϊʧȥ˵ģȻǻᱻܶġܹҶʾòģһЩǰǶôǿɱǿߣȻūѪȻ󴫳ġ
ǿ߲࣬ɱҲǷǳĲסڣǲԸⱻū۵ģҲǲԵġľͷѡԱˣץסЩūǷǳѵġ
ҶһĹ򣬻ɱ˼ǿģڵѪġ
ʵЩūͲôСġЩūǿǷǳǿģֻһЩıܵˡҪʶܹ˵սô׵Ķʧ˼ƵҪ
عˣ֮£ʣµūȫҶʳ˹ˡÿվһλã˴˼һЩϵһΧ֮ơ
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ݵĵϢס֮Ѿǻָսˡ
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µĲûгֵūͣʱҲǳˡֲɹ˳ֱеҶʡ
ҶΣҪǼǰĻһǻܵ˫صĴġҶʳԲ׼Էʲô֣ԲûðʧͻΧ
壬Ŀٵ׹ŵȥɹҶʵͷϷ˳ȥնյıܿεĹ
ҶʻûڵϣϿٵĳ˼ֲĵǵ˵ĻȻС
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ϡһ죬ֱӵı˳ˡȱȫĻʧ˲ֵԡҶʵĹ̫ڵĸˣǵĲȱĻֵܹġ
ǿֲĵҶʵһ֮˵ģΪ˹̡
ҶʵҲٵ䵽˵ϡһ㻡ε˷˲ǰҶʵУ졣
ʱеļֻ޴Ҳǵһİˡ
һˣҲǲϼһһβˣ˲Ƿ˳ΪһԲǰҶʸеˡ
䡱ǰ֮ϣ䡣
ꡭϼĳޣס⼸ֵֵֻѹ䡣ܿľͳѸٵӣܲĴ롣ΪƣǱЩ͸ĴʱҲ
ҶٴεĳһѳϿ˹ȥ
ǱѾǿҪ˵Ĵʱܲĳ˵ġڵһʱˡȥƲп֮ƣһ˲п˼ֻ޴ơ
ֻƿٵˣһֲƼĸо
ԷĵһֵĹǽˣһʱĵϢʱ䡣Ҷ֮ǰ۲ģЩūȻǳǿ󣬵һ֮Ƭ̵˥ʱ䡣
ҶȺѰңܿľҵԼĿꡣǸ쵰ȻҶʵһ۾Ȼûп


860 㣡
Ҷʵ岢Ƕôĸߴģʱȴǿٵصľһܹһе赲
ûбҲûʩչʲôءоһεϢεʵһһеĶſˡ
ЩūͣҲܹˡеĹûпҶʣѾǱֵס˵ġ
Ҷһߵսһߵǿٵǰƶ׼ķ򣬾ҪŪ
ЩµˣҶˮֵģһİ취û˵ġҪֻܹǰƷĶҶʸס̫ˡֱЩܵӡ
ܾôԴеġһᣬȫı򵽵ıԴĿԱġ
ŨںڵĹЩսūĺд̼˽ȥеսūһ𣬺ܿϢǿʢ˲֪ٱˡ
õԪĲ䣬һȺսūǣľżһٵҶʳ˹忪ʼҵȼȡӵǿ
䡱һֱںڵҶʵļͷҶʵ嶼һ򡣼򱻸ʴ˴룬ɢŶ
ҶȭͷܹƬ죬һȭ˸ԼһƵǸ壬ֱӴѿˡŨĽע˶Է壬ڶԷڵϿǳۡ
ˡһСɽ⵱ȻʵģеһսūһֲֿطȻʵɽǳԪɵ֮⣬ʵĴɽûκεġ
Ҷûʱȥʲôģֻ絶һݺݵڼͷϸһĸ⡣˿еֹѪϡ
ʱǴɽҲѾǿҪˡҶſڣǴɽһһ޴ĽɫӰҶʵгҶʵĶһ޶
һɽӣһµɽ˹ȥǿµۿԿһÿһ㶼絶
ɽڿٵ߽⣬ܹдԪʯƤڿٵİ䣬һһģܿɽûеˡ
бϢĴһֲķââʱϢģǿֲϢصǷǳĳףƭҶʵʶֱһϸܵļƤˣҶŸо
ǿ΢΢Ҷ֪һǱܲˣֻϣܵ˺͡
ۡһƤ˺ҶʸоʹȻԼϵһǹûжȥ
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žʹǰץȥһץסǶԼڵ塣
ֱ΢ֲɱҶʵֱۡұһ𣬰ɱȫˡ
Ҷŷ֣ڵĳǹͬӰʵġõʱʹ̫ǿߵѪñ궼һЩı仯ˣ״̬ˡ
ΪմȾҶʵѪҺⳤǹһ˿ʵĸоУ㡣
˫ǹ͵ҶʵˡųǹһתҶٴεİѳǹ˻ȥ
顱һˮһģǹֱˡûлɢǱⳤǹˣȫ˽ȥ
ҶʵһµġҲƬ̵ĹΪûʱҶġ
˴ǹøӵĲҶ˳Ƶһⳤǹ˹ʹá
顱һҪҶʷ͵ϮҶʵ󹥻ӰֱǱҶʸ롣һʣȫǹ˽ȥˡ
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ôңҲǷǳĲ˼ġƺ֪ҶҪ˵ʲôԼֽŴһ䡣
ȷʵһ·ϡȻ˵ҲǳֹġһֱǸصĸоһֱûȫġҶ񶼲֪ƴʲôӵģʾ͵һп޵Ĵˡ
ʾȻԼܳŻ˵ҪԼҶʾ÷ǳġ
֮ǰҶʾʱһûκεıʾġ
ʵԼĴģ֮ûгһֱ͵͵ġһĹҪٵͻɱ䡣һֱûжֻ֣ڰԼȫפȵʾòʱһٵı


861 ʻǺܿ׵ģ
ԭΪԺ˳ġΪҶ㹻ǿǿʶЩ˼ġҶʣȻòæġ
ǣʵȴȫӵġҶǺǿһֱҶʵʶûа취׼ȷ˵Ҷʵʲôʵġ
Ҳͬıøӵǿˡ֮ǰҶѾһεˣһסûг֡ڣҶ鷳ˣ̲סˡ
ѾˣעǻᶯֵˡʾãԼҪôͲӦ˾Ӧ̵Ķ֡ҲϵڣʾԽԽۡ
ʱȫĳ֣˺ܳʱϢȫй¶˳ˣҲزסˡ֮ǰŬȫˮһա
ǴִβϵԶɱϳɱڲϵڻζ
⻹µġȫǰ⵱ǷйĶˡеĻȥˡβͳ򣬻ϵצģҧ
ҶʸжᶼҪϮˣ⻹ôһοôƴġ뵽ʵķȫΪ˰ԼģҶʵ۾ʪˡ
ʵ۾ҲʪˣôŬˣԼ͵ô꣬ҶʶٵİۣжٵίȫĬĬĳˡ
˭ûиߣֻɱţһܹһٳɹȻٺúõҶʵǰ԰ڵġ
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ɴ˿ɼҶͬѧСѶǶôĵġȫǰԼ뷨Լ˼жģȫûȥԷġ
Ҫǻλ˼һ£ҶʻͲôĸжˡʻͻӵһˡ
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ҶʵٴεˡǿҵĹ⻪ʱٴεҶʵϣٵ顣
ҶʵǿʼѺ۵ˣܲôܽӵģôĿֲĹ
Ͻɫβ֮ͨһĿٵѹǱͳƵǣһǺȻ˵ġ
Ǵ׳βٵֱ̽ӰҶʸСʱҶʲ֪ڼαˡ
ʱºֵģҪٴεĥҶһıԴġеĹǴ׳β֮ˡ
βʵһǽҶʸʵʵİеˣеĹβ赲סˡҶмѵ
໺𡭡ʲҽһôǿͬʱУǿɲʲôġᵽһҶ֮ǰĸܵˡ
׳βѪģβ֮ϵۣǱȫİ˵ġ
ЩսūҶʸĥôõˣϢʲôҲԶԶĲ֮ǰǿƵˡˣʻܹܵס̫⡣
Щ棬ҶһӵģǾгͱ
ǲŵβٵչ˳ƵɨȥֱӰΧսūȫɨ˳ȥˡ
ͬʱʵҵһ¡ȻԶɱȫˡ
ЩҪսū廹ǰʱ򣬿ٵɢˡ
Ҷʵץŵĳǹ֪մȾ̫ѪҺ̫ûɢģҶεĸץеˡ
ûǸɱѹƣҶʾһЩġٵĳʵͷ˹ȥѸٵʧӴ֮
𡭡ŭһֱ˹ȥİڶٵķ˳˼һģһġʡһͬ˹ȥ
֮ǰӣڵϢȻ˵ϺãҲԵ˵̫ġ
֮ǰ˵һ˫ʯۣʱѾ˵ġֱ΢̧ǰնȥˡոְֱ̧ۣȥ
ʸоƬնѹˣԼҪѹˡ
顭ļ죬Ƿֻ壬Ͼʵ塣ܲ嶼Ҫܲ˵ѹֱӵǱ˿ˣһƵľʧ˿ˡ
ٵȻĲʵ֮ϡ
ԭȥֱͣӵĲȥڵ֮ϣȥԶ
𡭡ʳʹŵˣ췢һŭ
һ˫޴۾ǶžվԼ֮ϵ˫һĿֲ磬й


862 Ѫ
һǳĹ죬ǳĲгĻ档ʵޱȵӴ󣬶Ҷǵ˵ôɽҲ̫ŵġ
ڣǾһֻվɽеһġǾһֻϣɽ
ֻϣӲѹסʣ̧ͷԷôվʵͶŲˡ
쵰ȵүˡϽĸҹʵŲֻܹһЩģѾܹıʵ˼ˡ
ҶȫûлӦעʡ롰ϡôĶˡ˫˭˭˭Ҳ˭
ģϽĸҹȵүүˡʷǳķŭȻԷˡ
ɵûκεĻӦֻǸ߸ߵ̧Լȣصȥˡ
ʳʹ嶼һ£Ȼҵˡ
Ӵ岻ϵķţաͷʼǲܹƶֺġ
ŭˣβ͵˹˹̫СˣӴβľһġ
žһ죬ֱץסʵβָ͡Ŀ۽ʵ֮С
ָ˴ѪӴ˵ֻǺٵʱ˵ٲһ
㲻ģվ˿ڵǰ棬ֱ̧ۣβٹԼͷʳѪȫ֮ϡ
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ϡһľ죬Ҷʵֱ۶ЩˡԷ壬̫ڵļӲˣҶһȥȻûд͸
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Ҷʵôȥʻʲô⡣еڵĳǹһ˲Ⱦһƣӵǰͱ˹ȥ
һӵĺ˵ľٶǸ߾ŵβ˲ıˡȻһҧʵ˿֮ϣ¿ڷǳĺȫҧƤ֮еˡ
쵰ʾֵĴţʹ˵϶ôʹȫǱסˡ
ôȫľҪʵѪҺİǰʵһߵĲƷȫûаʵһǻ۵ëѪսǺųҲˡȻȵʵѪȻҲǲȥëġ
ΪǹʼǴϵģͨǹܹӦԪҶʾôĹˡ
УȻҵģѪʳ˸ԴȻҪһЩˣĻҶóǹָŵġ
ҶȻҲǲܵģҶʺҪһԵİͱġֻһõԸˡ
ҶԽȡʵѪҺٶȾԽ졣ҶʱѹһķΧУ̫ˣѡ̫ǿˣӴʵѹ
ſʣϢãȻսһΡʲϵĲҽţҶЩжϲΪͦסˡҶʲòڣ˷ߵĳŵ
ҶʵģΪҶ˵Ǿ仰ʱ򣬳ǹԼĺĸĶһӵġ
쵰ɿڰûҶ˵ôҿ㻹ɿڣõѪҪˣ⻹ǵһ顣ʲ֪ôźõġ
ŴŵģԷͻȻѪˣ㻹öԷûʲôİ취
Ҷô˵ǲɿڣҧšʺϵڵеѪ
ܿģҶʾ;òˣҶʲûмķʵٶȻǼӿˡһֵģֲϢڴ˳ҶʸúܽȻܹӦġ
ʸȫ䣬ǹŹֵϢͨʵС嶼ڲĲţûɵĸоЩĿ־壬Էʲôˡ
ң⸴ĶѪǳĸ߹󣬶ʶźǿѪϵѹƵá


863 ȥ
ɫĹâɫԪˣǷǳϸġгɫģɫġâһһĴڳˣ߲ʵɫġɫԪһŻתĿԡ
Ҷ²ˣӶԷϸо˱ԴˡҪڵһıԴ֮ϣʲôʱռǰȫ
ʵĽûֹͣͻȻı仯ʵѪҺʧٶȱøӵĿˣʵľֵļҲԽԽԽԽˡ
ҶҲпԣ֮ǰҶڱȵȡʵѪҺϵϢʱҶ˹Ŀܵġ
ҶʲòӴԪѹֿϵ
ŶԷϢԽԽǿǻϢԽԽҶԪҲǸӵĶˡ
ҶʶǣԼ᲻ôıԷʻ᲻ᱻ˸ɵʱתǳֵˡ
У鲻ϵ𶯣÷ǳľҡе춯Ҷʺܿľͻعˡ
ҪǴʱ˿Լ춯ˣҶʶҪôͲԼĵеˡ
ûа취ƽʱ鲻ɽ¶ˮġҶôȥ߶ҶʰĻӦ
ҶҲ෴ҶǾ϶˲õϵ顣ҶҲûȥǵˣʱһԼĵеˡ
ҶʳʶȥǳĸҶʵӡҶһͿٵĴӵг˳ˡҲҶжĶһһҵķֱҶʵ֮ˡ
ʶֻʣĲҽеˣ˫ţͻȻͿҶʵǳˡüëϵҶ۾ϵգʾȤȻǶ࿴ۡ
һŷӦ˹ҶڸԼʹɫȻ֪Ҷʲô취ҲֻҶôһ취ˡҽεˡ
ӴʹˡӴҪˡӴǧİҽжЩ˵ʣͻȻǱһ
ⱬǱǲҽеġʵͻȻ죬ôͻأҶʶһеԪһͣеĳǹ㲻ܿƵˡ
ҲҵĲһ£ȻҲǱʸŵĲġһڵûȥѪǺ˳ˣޱȵǱ
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ʱҶ͵һеĳǹֱըˡûȥǻһĻȣȻնβ͡
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ҵĲţų˳ȥǾ޴Ķ˿ڴ˴ƬѪȪڲһ
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˶ǽĶʺжӡһصβ˵Сɽһôȥû䶯һ£ӸûйҶһڿˮ˵Ҫ⡣ֻЩԾȻЩƲס
ȥҶʴһٵǰ˹ȥ
ллˡҪǣûа취ôĻѪٵתЦšҲͬ˫ͬʱ̧Ҷ˹
ƿǳĹ죬ǳڻһеĶݻһ˫֣һһ컯
Ҷʵƿ̫ڵƽˣȻ˵Ũ˻Ԫͬǳתһ̨ϵġ
ҶһĶ£һЩ˷ܣлһЩĻЦ
䡱˫ƽʵʵײһˣһ˵һжݻ˳ѤʱͻȻˡ
ǹâеĶϸģѪ⣬һЩġ𾪵ģЩʵĶȫǱƾյĴ˳ȻĻˡֱˣеֶεˡ
𾪵ģν񼣣Ǵ񼣵ˡ
ֲĽɱ⣬ļλ˳˺գҲ֪ʲôطȥˡ
ɫѪҺļʣδ˵ϡ


864 磡
ҪƽʱҲˣûʲô˵ġҶҲ˹οҶһֱѹŴ
ʱˣôҶЩܲ˵ˡ
֮ǰ񼣣ҶִġҶʸƻĲ֣ǰƾճֵĶĽɫˡ֮ǰ֮ԻЩʵȫΪҶͻȻĹƻķڻҵķ£ʵ
ĿǰҪԶԶĸ߹ҶʵġڷСһҶʣԵǿһˡ
ҶʿڴЦȻ֣ٴε֮Ϻݺݵһ¡
ˡһΣҶǿķǳеˡҶһ˲䣬һֲĽʹĺ֮ϴ͸˳ˡ
ôܣһļ˵ı飬ȫĲţٵĴӵ
ڸոƴʱ򣬱ȡʵѪҺת˹ԿҶʵġҶʿԼ˵ʣ˹һǶһѪġ
ѪѸٵڻʼҴڣҲǷǳܵġѪѪҺУ֮ǰȥѪӴˣȻǰǻѪ忪һֵˡ
ҲҶǼ˹Ǽӿ˶ʵѪҺӶĸϵԭ
Ѫ˻һ֪׼˶õĶȫǿߵľаŸֲͬķƬôһ
˲ֵʱ˻ҪʲôˡȫѸֵķƬΪһ壬ԻΪĻ硣
˻磬һСƾյĴһЩĶҲֱ˻ҷ
˷ޱȵģҶﻹһţ̵ľͰҶʸɱˣȻѪԼѾ˵ĻȥһǳɹǾͲںκˣֱȥе˰һָԼȫԼˡ
ǣģΪѹҶʵʱҶͻȻشԼЩܲ˵ġ
Ҷûȥģֻڹ۲е顣֮ǰܹˣǾӹΰˡ
鿴ɽ¶ˮ飬ȻܹƿʵҶҲһˡ֮ǰֻΪܹǰĵֿܾǲˡڿҶʻСȻûŪ׵ˡ
ҶʵƣϸоţҪҶʵƸ͸һȻҶһֱţǿԵĹ۲֮£ܹӦһЩĲһϢġ
⡭ѵǡԽǹ۲Խɻ󣬺ܿļɫ䣬ʲô׳գôⶫʧС
Ҷһ㶣ԷԵ֪һЩʲôġңԷɫôǿҶ鶫һһЩµġ
ҶҲûʡעǵò𰸵ģѶԷɷˣȻԷʶпһЩġ
ҵľϲ̫ˡϲھҪɱˡϵһѪҵˡУϵҲͬҵˡҶʣһ̰ɫУʱҶʾһƶŵıһģֱһʯһģŲ۾ˡ
ҶûԷȫǰԼˡԼţҪԷûǸʵȡˡ
˫п̻šȻ֪ԷʲôҶҲܾôɶԷ׼ġ
ҶҲˣ˫н貣һһѷĽâֱӾ˹ȥˡ
ѿѷ̽ͷÿһһ춼ɢſֲϢҶʲ룬ӦջΪ˺ŪġÿһλϢ뻯֮Ļһģһ
Ҷſ³һɫĵâٲҶʳ˹
ԴˣҶʲ£ҶҲǱȽϵϤˡ˵û˱ҶʸӵϤǰ񵶵ˡ
еâϵǴһľ죬һĻǡҶʻģϾеĶʵģ²ǴܿҶʾͷԼĵǶˡ飬ĹȻȫѷɫ˻ʽġ
Ҳ˵ǰƷ֮ϣ֪Ҫ߳˻ʽٱ֣һĳ̶ϣֲһЩҶ˻ʽʧǣǰҪ˻ʽôĻ


865 ڶ
Ҷн磬âʵ񽣻ҪҪ
˫ֳֽҶʣֱսһȻսʱԪǺܴġѾǸϵˡ
ǿİ̶ܴϵֲҶʵԪϵĲ㡣㲻˵ս֮ǰ۷ʱǿ״̬Ҳû϶ٵġ
⼸ĳľѪٻģģǻΡȻǲö˵ġ
ҶҲʲôǵģ˸Ӳϡľϣδζܹ˿ڵģɫѪҺɽٲһ䡣
һԹսģ˵Ļû˵ģȫһˣѾֵܹˡҪȥ͵Ϯ˵Ŀ϶ԼˡУǿţ֮ǰѾǳһСˣװһ˷ǳصӣһܵԶĵطվ
ҶͻȻһ˫ǿеĺһеâҲôǿеںһ˲佣ȥɳţ֮ơ
һ貵˼µĽضһѿǼֵеܵ˹
໺𡭡İһ𣬼ֱӾͻ˷ɻңҶһնˡ
һеĳҶʵľ񶼴ﵽ˶㡣ǿҵɱ⣬ҪǲйĻҶʸоԼᱻűˡ
֮ǰӣȻΪӻԼҶĳͻʱ䡣ȻһЩǿĺԮȻһЩµĵƵġڲ׼ˡ
䡱ʱϳǿơĹâһƬ磬ûһ˿ɫԪȫںϽ˻֮С
ôʱ׼׼ˡһ˲䱬ƣͰ˶סˡ
ҶʵüͷҲˣΪѾǿҪ˵ġҶͻ˴赲֮Ҳ˱ɱİյˡ
ڣҶ־кû׵ˡԼĵƶҪ¶ˣԷͻȻַһǿĵơ
Ҷʣҿ˭Цţһ
ڻУΧȫɵĹʣʶǲܹܺõ͸ȥңʱһһвеĻϢȫ˹ȥ
һ޵׶һٵŻԼϢڿٵİθߣϵ˿Ҳڿٵϡ
ҶʾʮֵĲܹٵˣֱӵ˹ȥˡ
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬶ԷϢѾǻָ۷״̬ˣڻͻƵĸоˡ
ҪǶԷʱͻˣǲܹܺõƿ׵һ˲ܹصıԴԼܹѸٵ״̬Ҷʻô
Ҷֱ˫ֵ³һھѪĵ顣õҶʵľѪʱӵĲˡһƵĿֲ˼µķϸ˿ڸ֣ȻֿٵİȥҶֻǿһۣо궼Ҫѿˡ
˫ٴεǿԵϣһʵʻĳУȫǽ۶ɵġҶץУоץıһоûʲôնϵġ
̧ȿٵҶʳ˹ȥҶеĳΡ
Ȼֵĺܿ񲻰κ˶еġǶԼľĽ⣬ǷǳСĵĶԴá
˫ֻڿл˫ƶһһ̣һĸоƬһָоǳоǳǿ
ҶüͷøӵˣԷ˫־ĻӶһ¡ҶͻȻ;ܵ˷ǳԿһ
еĳһδεնļţȴʵĴڵġ
նĽȥƲֺǴŵĿҪתŵĺڶ˵˹ȥ
˵һĻˣڽӴתŵĺڶΧʱѾԶķֽ˵ġ仯Ԫһ֣Ǻڶˡ
ҶɫǲÿԷȻԼɱ䡣
ҶҲûεĹܹŷģҲû뵽ʧôѸ٣ʲôû¡ײûзһεģôûˡ
Էɱ϶һŵеѪйأû뵽ô졣
ҶʶаѪͳԵĳ嶯ˡǲ֪еǿߣ᲻ԼˡȻ嶯Ҷʻסˡ


866 еĶţ
ôĽҶ˵ҲЩԲġȻûЧҶҲԼ׳˵ˡ
̤пٵǰµľͳ嵽Ǻڶǰʱ̫ǺڶӵǿˡоҪʱһжȥȻһ
ҶסԼ壬˫ֺеĽǻ˹ȥ
ʱѾȫĿˣȫͱסˡҶʸопµǻǳСȴƼһ̡
ո̽ȥˣܵǿҵĳ춯оȻȼεĻ棬Ҫǽ۵ġ
ңҶʸоסˣǰܵ˷ǳҶʵûа취ѳٵݳȥһ˿ġ
εĻͻȻ䷴ˣҶʵֱ۳˹ҶҪ֣ɢȥеĽΪ̫ڵĿֲҶǱܵľ쵽Σյˡ
˫ֵ΢΢һһ޼᲻ݵĹâ˳Ҷʵֱ۸УͬʱųεĻ档
Ҷʳ˸оЩȲûо쵽κεҶǷһЩˡֻҪܹסҶʾͲҪµˡ
ȻҶһ˵ľ˫һֱˡ飬˷˹ȥ
󲿷ֶиˣΪеһ֡ٲֵǴ˳ˣ˺һĿӣй¶˴ĻϢ
Ȼɢȥˣϵһı㲢ûɢȥҶҲ룬һȭǻк˹ȥˡ
䡱նĶһ£ǻǱ˺һǣܹеӰӵˡ
Ҷֱǻѿһ˲䣬ͳ˽ȥˡ˫ϵĹâܿľͰסҶʵȫҶȥ˳ܻյʹࡣ
Ȼ˵һЩˣǻסҶʵ壬Щ⻹ҶʵĳܵķΧСһ¶ȣҶ˵ʲô
ҶҲ룬ֱ˹ȥˡݻҶʽйֻеԴӡȻǱ̻ڻеˣܹݻȻǺˡ
ûгɴ򣬾εɱСɣȻûа취ݻ̫ǿĶġ粻ôƿصģıԴ
ˣҶʲûܵʲôвһ·϶ǿƵͻһУǱҶʿٵĴˣûһ֮С
㻹İҶǿ˵
ʱǴһĿռ䣬濴ǳСһ˴СǻߵĿܣڲޱȵĿġ
ܷǳĿտʲôûУһƬڡ˾һ޵ǿжһǿʲôûУȻûǹġ
㲻Ҳһ̫ˣֱЩʵˡҲǾĿҶʣ˵
ǻʱ޿̵Ķ͸ɱţϵ˿ѾʧϢҲǺ˲ٵˡ
һ̧֣Ҷʳ˹ˡȫһЩϢˣǻֲϵ顣
ǱƾյŪģɰֶһ
٣ҶЩıסˡȻٻ鲻壬ѾһЩļˡҶɣҪԼڲţɱ䣬᲻ĳһƾ
Ҷôȫʲô϶ǵһҪԼġԷʱöԷɱ䣬úɱ֮ĶԷɱԼǲвô˶Ŀ죬ʲôԷʲôľͷǳĲġ
ЩͽΣҪ˵жôǿĹĻȫڷƨġ
΢΢̧֣°һ£ҶƬռˣгһʱ仯˷ɻңʧС
ȫҶʵ쵽ģѾǴﵽļ£ſռתˡ
ڶԷĵϣҶȻǲԵĻӻԪˡԪҲûʲôõġ̺ĽⶼãҶʲΪԼԪĹʲôá
ֻмӿԼģöԷӵǿ󡣻̫ˣʲôԪĲܹɵġڣҶʻǿ壬ս١
Ҷôһ֣ҲЩȻҪѹסҶֱ˲ʵˡǷǳͷۣҶʺǿǿġԼöôҶʶԼһսġ


867 ɱ
У¡ڣҶڻжסһƬգԼҲ֮ء
ɱһҶĳ˹
ȻڻûɱɣҶʶѾǽǲܸ㹻ʱɱˡڵϢ״̬Ҷһսûκεġ
ҶǽУٳȵĿռиոո˿ռıԴġƿػǺ죬ڿʱҶԶİѶԿռƿط˲ֻ֣ǶסԼķ֮أԼУһƬռ䣬ܻӰͿˡ
ɱͻȻ䣬˷ĺɱ޾ʿʿһжҶʳ˹ˡÿһĿϴŵɱ⡣
Ҷʶ࿴һۣεʿͬƾյĳֵģһƾյٻġÿһ϶ŵɱ⣬Ӧþǵ˰ɡ
ҶѾǲֹһεĿŪһֻɱĶˡƻ쵼ҶǲҹͬԴˣѾǵһֲ̬ĳ̶ȵˣǲˡ
ԴˣҶҲᣬȫ͵˿ˡЩʿսǲҶʷ۾еġ
ңǱƾյģ档ûǵӡطûˡܹһƾ
ҶȻĻĿռУΪʲôΧĿռҶ൱ǴڿռеĿռС
ҶԼķҶԼķǲͬЩõĶġֻҪȻͻʧġ
ҶʶסҲӭȥˡֻҪһеһȻͻ˲ʧˡ
ȻǰʿܿľͽӽҶʵĿռķΧˡǲûʲô˼룬Ǹٻʱֻ´һ򵥵ָֻҪͺˡ˼ȻҲʲôΣС
һͷײҶеʿֱӾɢˣʲôû
Ҷʳ嵽ǰȭ˹ȥɫȭͷڵĻиۣ˲ıһֽɫ̫ΪеΨһ
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Էƾı£ҶޱȵĽЩ鷳֮ǰǿڱǺܲӵġ
Ҷ룬ҪԼǸˡ˶ԾʱԼҲķϻֱӾһѳһѳİγ󣬸Զֶ岻ǣҪǸ
ԷѪģҶʸӵȵˡĺҪϵİԼһݸ̵Ȼúõһ¡
Ҷ֪ôǷǳĲǵģֻһ룬ûôȥ
һȭԷסˣҶҲûаʲôġԼûռˣԷҲͬûӴռˡԼֱϵһӳĹâסˣûнӴҶʵƤġ
һȭȻûκεЧǾǳĽˡ£ָȫſצҲٵĸҶƾŶԷץ˹ȥ
ͬʱҲھܽʱ򣬿ٵϴ˹ȥ
Ҷ׼ôĽһ־ɱˡҪضᱻҶʸץסģһǽҶʲסˣƾı¾ûʲôôˡ
ǣķӳҶʺǳһġв֪ʱһޱȵĳǹ⣬Źߡ
һ糤һǿҶʱϾҪһϵľġֳǹҶʵͱ˹һɫ⡣
ͬʱֳ֣צ
ʶҶʣܿľͷжڿٵĽӽĿԼĺס
һǰһνӵöǳĽܵģҶʾһİë亹չֳһ֣ҶͻȻãԼνľɱľһƨİ
ҪҶʼĹĻȻǻᱻԷһǰһĸһ͸ġ
ˣҶʺȻȻѡ˷


868 רң
ҶѸٵıУİԼǰ̹ĳǹһߣҲٵĸѸٵԶȥˡ
Ҷʸոʱһذ׶Ҷ֮ǰաذͬǲɢκεĹʣΧȴе顣ҪĻϢʼǰذ׵ĻѾռеȥ˰ɡ
ذףҶǾЩϤġ⵹˵ʲôҶʶذףֻҶʾϢЩʶĸо
ܿģҶʾͲȥǲʲôʶˡյذֳԻһģıˡ춼ǵģһȺƷһǵصҶʳ˹ˡ
ҶͷƤҪˣռޱȵʵһ͸Ķ¯ҶʸС¯תţСΧĿռ䶼ȶ
ذȫ˶¯棬죬һֱûֹͣҶʵΧСΧĿռ䱻ϵǿҵײŪòȶҪط˫صĿռӣ¶סһεڵİɡ
ذȻǵصĶҷǳĿֲǱϾʵģһֵ뷨ľֻı֡ҶʵĿռ䷨ײ߲£Ȼ˭Ҳκβ˭ˡ
ҶһȻûˣǿǵصļƣЩĵġҶʶ򵽵ĻӵĸȤˡ
ԶԶҶʶеĳǹǹ˲ŤһһצľҶʳ˹ȥˡ
Ҷ̧ͬʱնһĺûκεֱӾͱնɱΪ˼Σֱӱˡ
ɢȥгһƬȫ졣
ڣҶˣһƬĶȫڣ֮еıǱҶһս׵ĻٵġҶȻǼǳ̵ˡû뵽ھȻٴεĳһƬˡ
ҶͻȻˣ֮ǰذΪʲôϤĸоˡذ֮ϣŵڣϢ̫΢ˣҶһʱҲûġ
뵽ذףҶͻȻ侲ˡڣƻˣʵòܹʵ˵ʵˡذƾŪģ⡰ڣȻҲðƵˡ
֮ԻôƣҲΪڣǳϤڣеıӡһЩմȾϢСģŻôơǴһЩЩԡ
Ҷʿһ£˾޴ĻƵ˿һĶƣںڵѿҲСҶǿ˺ܶġˡˡ
Ҷд󶨣ֻҪʵģǾνˡҪʵĻȻһҶʲẦ£һ̧־ǳһڣһֳ̧һѶҪԼİɡ
ȻûҶʧļ̧֣ٴεĳ˼ƬڣֱǰҶʸΧмˡ
ָצӣȭ£ƬΧҶʵڣҲǲ£צһٵҶʳ˹ˡ
ҶЩġ̴̳Լķе鱬貵ĽҶʵĹͬ˫
ƬڣֱǰҶʸеˡ⵶âϵҶʵкǿıǲϵҶʵײ
ҶʻЩģЩʲôŹ֣ҪǱǾǸЦˡãûʲôΣգҶŷ
ΧǸ¯ڿٵѡŵģгҪôֱӱɣҪôΪҶʵĿռ䲻ķֱӵľʧˡ
ڲһķûκεá
Ҷȫľǲעˣֱͳ֮С˫־ûֹͣÿһεĽдƬֱǻ˷ɻҵˡ
Ҷʾϵ˶ͯȺеĶһ䣬һ㶼ȻгƬҶʵĳ֮³Ϊɻҡ
ҶʾãȫͲǸԼ鷳ģȫڸԼĵİ
ʱһλ貵ĳǹҶʳ˹Ҷʻûע⡣ھ棬ôûм
ܿģҶʾ;òˣѳǹϢǿңȫûմȾһ˿ʲôڣϢ
ҶʹϵĵˣĺΧ֮ǿеͻΧ˳ȥײɢһ·
ǳǹǲҶʵĽźҶ֮ǰյġ
ûκε죬ֱӴǹΪѿˡ
ˡǹֹͣתһεľɢȥڣ֮ǰҶʻٵ˴룬ʣµĴ룬ȫһС


869 ͻƣ
ǹ֮󣬻תһӰ¶˳ֳֳǹɱ˹ˡ
еĳǹȻҲʵģû۶ɵģʵҲûʲôˡңŵǻϢǹܹͨġ
֮ǰüƬڣΧסҶʣϢǳңҶʵʶôˡȻĹҶʣͻȻųǹɱ˹
ʱ򣬻һֱֻϢġֱӽҶʣͻȻȫ˳
ҶʻǷǳľģȻƬ̣ǻڱ֮ǰϵ˺˵ġ
һУһĿϧͬʽһֻܹʹһεģҪǶεʹãЧͲˡҶʲ˵ˣȻǿеľġͬİ취ҶʵڶΡ
ּΣг˼ƬڣٴεİҶʸΧȻܹӵò̫ӣǻܹҶЩĸŵģҲֶ̫Ϊء
ҶѾйһεˣҲûȤȥɱһͨˡһһƬ嫵Ľɫ硣
ɫ緶Χܹ㣬ҶҲȥˡڣûйɫȶˡ
ޱȫ˳ÿһεĻצʲôģܹƬβһڣƬ顣ɻſ³һ˿Ļߣ֮һгΪɻҡ
͸Ҳǳ˳нܿľ˴ƬĿտĵش
ҶʴƬٵĳ˹ȥ˵򷨲ֻ֣ҪĶҪĹˡ
һͷɻ˵ȵĳ˹ȥצץ˹ȥٶȿ쵽˼¡ֻüǹȥ
ϡɻ˵צǳǹײһ𣬷һǿҵĽײ
һУɻſڣĳ³һɻֱǰСΧոȼˡ
˫һɻ˳𣬿ٵ۷˻ȥ
ϢһһǸڻϢϵĻͱɢˡ
𡭡һҶʲһɫ˹ˡ
վͷҶʣ˫ͺһˣ˫н貣硣һƴĽǿɹһҲ֪ǴҶʵ˫ʣǴҶʵ˫еġ
ſڣ³һѪɫ磬˺գ˹ȥ
ߣһһһͷȼŵɻ˳Ľ£֮ǰҶеɻһ޶ϸķֱ棬Щͬġ
µɻˣЩĴͣûҶеɻô鶯ʵ
ҶһݣԷģµıҲ̫ǿһ˰ɡɻ˾ǸոӴƬ̵ĹͰɻ˸ٻ˳ˡҪʵʵڵƯһͷɻˣҶʶҪΪԼеĶԷ˹ȥˡ
̤ɻ˵ҲǿٵҶʳ˹ˡеĳǹһǾҵȼˣһĹâ𡣽µɻͬ³һɻѪɫײ˹ȥ
ȣҶ˺ܳʱһ
ȣѳǹ˵ʹãҲҶȥ
һƣһͨɹײһһѪɫһֲɻҲͬһʱ
䡱һ죬ĻС磬ʱȫı˺˵ġҶֱǵ˳ȥµҲͬһ
ɫɫѪҺɽڿ׳ҫ۵Ļߡ
ҶʴĴϢţ塣ڱкĶȼŵĻϢеĽɫѪƮɢҶʾǻģǱǻյģбǿĹġ
Ҳǿٵס壬ٻɻΪϢȣѾɢ˵ġҲܹʵĶģĶ
һǲܣмݺύѪۣ˿̺ſֲĽͬǴڴϢŵ³ǽܹ˺աÿһεĺ˵һĥǱںйһһ
ҶʿҪȥʱ򣬱ٴη
ȫƿ˵Ļ磬ٵ˽ȥˡ岻ϵķһ죬ϢҲͻȻߣϢǿʢ
ҶɫһӾͺˡȻʱɱ䣬ңǽˡ
һֱҶһʿǰġһǱͻˡԷԼսͻƵġҶʾͷޱȡ


870 ֻ죡
ͻƲûʲô٣ֱӾ˺ľ˹ȥٵĲģ޸ơ
ҶҲһĶͰƴԪҶܹһ㣬ܹһݵսһЩսҲԵǻ½һЩġ
ҶҪллİԭһֻһߣʼնҪôһߵġǣûа취ȥһ߿ٵźľһߴЦţϾսܹ㣬ҲϵǻЩļɵġ
ͻˣΪȫѹסˡνļɵҲ֮ɢˣҲη壬гԽ۷ս˶԰ɡҶƴԷžȻһνİѶԷҪ˵Ļȫˡ
治ҵĵ˰ô˽⡣ЦҶʵĻûзϡ
ѾΪԼ޵еˣȻǲẦʲôҶʵˡȻ޵ˣʲôܹϵءҪǲⰡʲôģֱӳ˾ͺˡ
ҶҲ˶õˣҶ˵˵Ҳûʲôϵġһ֮󣬾ûЩˣȻҲû֪һеˡ
һô˵Ȼ˵ˡǰʵȫĵߵһ£ҶһֱѹŴҲǲԵİ
ܿģҶʾͷǳĲˡ⵱ᾫҲʵ̫ˣҪǶԷûû˵ӡ
ʵĻпٵۣһֻһֻ糤ǹ
ˣûҲҪΣҪҲβסġǧľڿٵƶһЩѤɫʡ
һնҶǿӶľƥȻһҶ˹
ҶʲҴ⣬˫ֱ֣˫ּס˻
н貣ӴϵıܿľͰѻˡ
ͬһʱ糤ǹҶʴ˹Ҷʸ߾ŵ˫֣еһֻٵȭңײ˳ǹ֮ϵġ
ϡȭͷ볤ǹӴһľ졣ҶȻǵסˣֱ۶Щ飬ҲǱĵ˳ȥˡ
ҶаһȻΪʵԷĲսϢҲǸˮǴߵˣøӵǿˡ
һһǹѾʵûʲôˡȥҶĻɶԷܹʵƾˡ
ҪĻǾ̫ˣǴֱʣһֶΡҶҲȫ÷ˣ涼Ҫˡ
ڣٻĶֻԽԽʵˣ⻹ʵġֻΪʵʵڵˣҶЩͷ
һȻٴεıҶʸסˣ⡣֮󣬿ҶҲԽԽȵˣҶʶЩëˡ
Ҷ֪ԼеĶѾǿҵĺˡҶʲ֪ǣѾǰеģٻ˼ΣǶʧˡ
ֻǰ죬ٵķŴյģֱǰҶʸСҶȥҪҶʸץС
ҶЩȻԷûѹסԼƴĺƴϢѾҶûа취ˡ
ΧҶԼŤ˵һգʱҲǾҵţϵб˵ơ
Ҷƴšһȫںϣһ˵񹭣͵ͻȻıһ̡
е飬Ҷʴ߶űǧĽϵΧͷϻ
֮ϣ죬ǲûʲô̫áһֻûһ˿˿ڡ
ҶʴŭǶԼ裬ǰҶʳôǿѹֵģû뵽챻ôĸѹˡ
һֻƣˣһѾͰҶʸץСҶϳĹâҲȫıһֻĴָסˡڵĻС֮Уһ˲ð
ȥģһƵıһ貵ĽƸ͸ˣ˳Ľ⡣
ڵĻУٴεĶһЩɫʡ
һĽֻһʼǺϸСһ˿ȻԽԽǿҵģԽԽ׳һԴ˷ɢ
䡱ĴֱӵǱˡЩĲϸĻһǰ͸Ѫ
֮ǰһ£Ҷƴȫ
ǣҲ㹻˵ĿµˡֻǱҶʵʵ߳һߡս֮ˣҶȫƴˣű˶Է켶֮һι


871 ϣ
ʢ˥һſֲĹԴʱʼˣҲû֮ǰܹһеˡ
֮ǰҶԼһΣȫľ񶼹עеУű˵һԵİƸˡ
Ҷһ˿ʶ˲תʱԼΧʱٵĻȻŻˡһ㣬ҶʾͰԼˡ̫֮ڵǿˣǽһ˿ʶ㱻ըˡ
ҲãҪôˣ̫ˡұǿҲõܹӵġ죬ѾǳΪ˶ֵˡ֮ǰҺúõ档лתǿֲѪٵϣܿľͻָˡҶʣǶЦ
ҶĮȻûȥĻǱȫѹƵˡԷĳֹԼͲòƴԷȫûбҪżֻҪôԼȥҪ˶Լͻûսˡ
ٴε̧֣Ҷ֮ǰĹһͬһֱյơҶȫľ͸ˡ
Ҷ޿κΣԷҪԼ֮ǰԼڶԷԱҲܹӦġ
Σûк£ƣһ϶ֲҶܹӳȥġǿӵķģȻĶȤζҪҶʱԼԱԿ
ҶʺҪԷһ̬һСʱȱҶûǸʱ䣬ԷȻǴĵҪԼġݡԼùô
ûа취ڵһʱ䣬ҶԼ壬ٴεĴ˶ԷơȻʱԼϢָ۷塣
ҶԽԽˣģÿֻһ˿ʶûа취ٵϵġʱֻܹ״̬ԭҶʵʶԽԽ
ľͿˣҶֻһ˿ʶʱûйҪţҶһδεıԼŪԼĹ̡
ԼԼдı̬ˣԭȫжҶʵϡΪҶԼѹֵ̫ˣų
˵ķΣҶҲԼΡ
һΣʱٴεľҵĲҶʵٴεĻָ۷״̬ǣֻα۷ˣսԪ۷壬ʶЩˡ
ԷÿһεĹȻ˵ûҶȥҲԲҶʾúܵģҶʵʱҲ̫ûиҶʵϢʱ䣬ƾͻٴε
ҶһݣȥûгǿæǾԵǱɡ
ʱʲôǿߵءڳֻӿˡǶս˼ǿԶȥˡ
Ҳ˵ʱԼȥǲ漣Լˡ
ˣҶһľ󻺻չһűһһķӡ˵Ķ
һ£ܵǸоЩĲԡʲôõҪˡ
ҶʼȻѾ˾ǾͲıˡϺһҶնһýɫѪҺɽг˽ȥ
ҶҲûа취ķӡ̫ˣҶΪǴ򲻿ġ֮ǰѾƺ˵ģԼԿצˣܹ򿪵İɡ
Ҷڸ͹ܲôˣϾҪˣܹȵצӶԿʵ
Ǵ׳һһĻİ롣¶ڲıһӡĶ
ڲһӡ壬ûİ޼ɵɢǿҵĹâ
ɫѪҺ棬͸˽ȥǿҵķӡıðȻɶһķӡƮɢ˳
ڲһŻɫ߲ʵĹԵҺ壬¶˳Һ建䶯ţâ𽥵ƽ
ҶʶҺ壬ޱȵļ㣬Ѿϣˡ֮⣬Ҷ벻κεİ취ˡ
ѪôҪ䣬ҹѪôϳʲôˣޱȵĻȣĴЦ
ԴõȻȥ֮󡣶ǾһֱˣֱζεԼһ顣𴲵ʱ򣬿ˮ͸ͷع֮ǻ𼱻ǵġ
ҶԼǰһŵĶͳˡ˼ҹôܹ˵ء۾ѾԼĶˡ
֮ǰһֱûº֣ҲΪѪԭȻ죬ǻԵĴģȻոձʱôᱻеһ˵ġ


872 ǵ׻߲ߵģ
˼ɵǣҪҶʷˣ֪ûа취ֱӰѪŪûˡô˵Ķôûˡ
ˣ֮ǰĳֵʱ򣬳˵һǺ޵ĳ֣Ҳ̽Ҷʵʵԭ֮ġ
ڸӦҶʵǰѶʲôطȥˡͬʱҲаҶȫĺĿյ뷨ġһҶʾԼ׸ˡ
Ӧ˰죬ûһѪϢġ֪Ҷʴҹ䣬ҪϢ͸϶˵ġҶһǷӡˣʲôϢİ취ġ
ǣôһֱûиӦκεϢЩ˵ġ
ڣҶʾȻԼóˡ̫ˣŵĶǿȻҪ˺ܶġ
ˣٵҶʳ˹ȥŸոͣˡ
վǱ𶯣Ȼ˭ûа취õҶ֣צһŵѪСнɫĻڻȼգ̺ſֲϢֻҪҶ룬ܹ˲İһŶ컯Ѫȥ
㵽ҪôҪ֪һȥˣͻɱ㡣ҵòģһǱҪӵеˡǳķŭԼĶȻҶУԼĶвԼϻסԼˡ
һŵѪȻûκεĲرԴԶѪгȥһƥѪӵĲˡ
ôĶĿţԼĶҪˡ
뿪
Ҷ룬ͻȻڣĻ롣
üͷЩҶʵĲϵԼҲˣôʱ򿪿ڴԼĻء
ʲôǳĲģҲǷǳĲáң֮ǰҲȷʵûҶ˵ʲôġ
˵뿪Ҷٴεظһ£Ŀһûеġ
ǣսͬ飿һ£û뵽ҶʱȻһҪôûԼɱأ
Ҷʲ˵Ϊǳİ׳աԼͬ飬ѵ׷ߵôȫֹԼƨµİ
ǣôܣҪһ뿪ֱӰѪŪô죿ǳǿӲǲͬġ
ԴˣҶʲôû˵ֻǻĺ£һЩָǻ˿øӵľҵˡ
嶯嶯ҶʵĶĻ궼ҪûˡСӣƢôôĳأǲܣֱӻٵϵĶң֮Ҫ˶Ǿͻȥһǻġ
Ҷʲôû˵ֻʾ˵ȥ
Ҷһ̨׵·ȥѶˣǻȥΡ룬һеİ취ҶʲţٴεĲһ䣬ģ֮ǳǻġҾѵõ˵㻰һΣ뿪׼ˣȻȡǵ
ҶʶƬ̣ҲǸŽȷҶ˼ڱԼ˵ʵˣһΪǳϵı飬ɴ۾Ҷʶӡ
ãô졣ҶͻȻˣһ
ò˵һ䡣ƽʱͦɵӡװźϣɵˡҶٴεĲһ䡣
㡭ŭֿٵѹסԼĻһֱ߶ţһ¾ȸһÿģҪͺˡôһ룬˺ܶˡɢȥ
ĺɢˡЩˣЩͻȻˡЩģˡ෴ģǴСͱһЩŤۣ˶ҪŤˡ
Դˣûж룬ֻǵЩ˶ԼĻˡ
ҶʡҶ˵ʱѾǰѻСɢ˵ġˣ˵ĻˡҶҪҶЩġȻ˵Ҳͬʲôæﲻϡ
û£ҵģȥɡε벻ôûƷİɡѾʧˣǶһεʱ䣬־һʱ䣬ӦİɡҶͷҲĻشš
ûСӻô˽ҡȷʵôģǶ־һεʱ䡣ͻȻҶ˵ʵ̫ˡЩ飬һӾͺˡ
öڿ־жȹ̫õһˡ˷ܵöЩˡ
ǻ߲ߵģߣˣǶҸȥ⿪˰죬Ҷʵͬûһ뿪ģȻ󲻿ˡ


873 ˣң
Ҷʵļ£ĸԤ£ں˵ʾ£սͬȥ˵ġ
˶вʣͷĿǾ޴һۡǵĿ꣬ҲϣڡôĽҲôңԶھôĳ׵ˡ
Ҷʴǣûнȥ͵·ϡͬ˺ܶ࣬ȫԶĿˡһֱͬ޵еҶʣҲսˡ
°ܽǳҶʵˣ߳һ磬ԪĵȽҲҪǿҶġעҶʴ򲻹ˡ
ҶͶˣϣֵĻģȻһߵҲͶһʱĹ
ҶĿкᣬȻȻȥˡÿһߵĺǳأÿһһ˲䶼ǳĺߵյһ
Ҷһֱûתͷ뿴ʧ飬ҶԼҲܵӰ죬ǾǱˡ
Ҳûа취ġҶûеͷǲøߴңķ
ҶһǴ󵨵뷨̫ڵΣգ²ǣһҪ󡣾ҪȰȫ֧ߣȻҶʲֵܹȥʩΪ
̨ȻܳȻߵķǳ滹кѺ͡ģһûӴżеġĵȥȻûпڴߴʲôġ
̨ٳҲоͷģûã˶ȥˡ̧ͷѾǿҶˡ
Ǵվ̨׵ĵײû˼ǰͷˡһˣȥ߲ȥһڼʲôء
ˣҪҲˡڣʵҵŵ˰ɡеĶҰɣҶЩȲˡӣȵ˶һ̨ף̲סˣſҶҪ
ʲôֲǲ㡣ٿⶫϾͲҵˣҶûкúõоҶͷҲ̧ĳ˻֣۾ĶеĶû̧ͷġ
ãúõĿҸ㣬ҪˣʲôҪǰǻˣһܲġȻòУǶҶʵϣҲûκεİ취ҪǰҶʱƼˣֱŪˣĶȥ
˵ôʹõأ˻һ̫ˣȻܹĴҩҶʵʵĵӡ
ôãֱȥ˾ͺˡҲû룬ѿڶ˻һǴҲ㹻ģôĴҩʲôأ󻹲ǳȫҡ
һһս˵ȽϵΨңΪʲôȻܺķѼʱ䣬һ¯ȫ󱲵ҩ
л㰡Ҷʵ˵˳
лһҪлл㣬ʹˡ국ǸʲôԵ÷ǳĵ⣬ѵõĿһΡȻոѿڶͿһĻҪԼ͸ˡ
Ƭ̹ҶֱſڰһѪȥˡ
һ붼û룬ֱӵҶʳ˹ȥˡҶ국ȻˣԼĲԼ˰սȫɱ˵ôǳķŭٶȿ쵽˼¡
ҶһճǿҵĲΧһУССĲĳʮĿռ䡣ÿһҶҲ˲Ϲǲģǿռ䲻ͬͶˣ˲֪ٴΡ
֮ǰҶʱʱĵĿ̻ģΪˣҶʽǺľԼеľѪ
ֻһεĻˣ˾һߵܹһսʵҪǲɣȻˡֱҲǺ£ûʱܼ
һȭʹǲĿռ֮ϣһ˲һƬһΣ֪˶ٵĿռ䡣ҶǰĿռϣкһ㣬֪Ҷô̵ʱУǿ̻˶ٵĿռϵˡ
ĸˣҡ¶һȻûаϸȫĻ顣
ӶҪˣҶ̫쵰ˡȻҿͷ֧ƱԼ̸ĻԼȻôɵˣôıҶʸƭˡ
֮ǰԼĵʱ˵ҶʾһֱڿԼɵı͵֡һ뵽۾ˣϵϢҲǷǳĲȶĲҪߵƵˡ
ʱ䲻࣬ǺյģȻͿܵס˵ġˣӵķˣҪǹһҶʸˣǾɱҶҲûʲôôˡ


874 ޵б壡
Ҷ׼ıȽϵĳ֣һʱûаҶʵķ򿪡
ҶҲܣɫ죬ǿҪ͸һһ󱬶һҶʵ
ȥȥǶҪһ뿪ɫһߣһŭܻĺš
̨׵µģԭսǣĻǷǳɻɻ֮ǿϲǶҲǱȽϵ˽ˣҪǱҶʸӦòôŭġ
ͬģǶҶҲǷǳ˽⡣飬ǷǳķҶʵġ
ڣЩʲôҶӲҪ뿪ˡҶ֮д²Ҫġû뵽ǳϵģֱӾͿڴӦˡ
䡱һĹâŤɢ絶ǼӲ̨׶ֱӵıһ㣬·
Ŀֲһû֣ҪֱӰҶʸɱˡ
ҶԶվԭأĳһֱӱĵ˳ȥ
ҶʵΧһӲĻǣİҶʵһεĹûˡǱĵ˳ȥˡ
ڵҶʣʹҪҶһذ׵ĻҶʻᡪῼǿҪҪɱ
ѪǸľ֣ʱһ𡣸ոȥֱӾͻˣԭΪԪúõһµҶʴһ¡
ܿģ˵ѪֱӵľͱҶʸˣҶʴ˵ڶΡû뵽һеһжôļ򵥡ҶʲôûһеĶôȻˡ
Ҷ׼ʵ֮󣬿ǳˡ
ȫѪҺǵȼһڶȼǻ棬յͨ͸˶һɫ͸ƷڵѪܹɼģͷ͸ˡ
ȫգҪյȥճһµǳӵǿ
ĻϢҶʸһ᲻ɴݡҲǾһģ˹ϵķ˹ԶԶ˿ĶҶʡ
˫еɫϵı任üζҪֱӵĳ̨֮£ЩȫɱϽúõй޵ġ
ɱеҶʣʼǱʶģͬʱܹ
һ㣬òϣҶʱԼǿֱӵιȥˣѹ֮ĸѾǽ˵ġȻûܵʲôʹ࣬ҲʧȥǸеһЩᡣ
屻ǿеǿܶӡǿеĴԼȻҲ֪ʱ򣬲ܹᵽֵӡʱǻģܹչֳܶĲͬĵط
Ҷʹţһʹ࣬һΪĲϵǿеġ
ĻҶʵУҶʵľУҪҶʵĵСҶһɲǾ˹ڵĲĲӽɫԪϵıеĻûγɹģĻż˳ȥȫҶʵ֮С
ٴεһݡڸʱĻԣɫԪżȥ˴룬ֻʣ˺ٵһ֣ʣµȫǻһµԪȻ˵ǿޱȣޱȣǲ̫ʺġһˣǱضᳬԭġ
Ҷȴֱ֮ǰѻż˳ȥ˾ĲӽɫԪȻ˵Ҷʲ֪ǿҶôǿ϶ǶԼǿҵСֻԼġ
Ҷôھ˵ˡҶʸһ¥߳ԼĶص·ؼҲҶʼԭ̤Ȼûнܻ
ҶΪȫûջȫˣǿȣǷǳģú¡
ܹĸоҶʵĴڿٵıǿһسĳھͳ˯ڵһ
ҶʴһǿɢֱǰΧһǸˡ
Ҷʵ¶˳㣬޹ûתԪȻһ㱦ġ
Ҷʣо˷ǳǿҵΣաʱЩҶˣͬĴôȫһ
Ҷһı壬磬ӦòܹҶʵӵǿˡ
ϢȽϵĲӣԪϢ໥ľڡǿҲֻܹеˣڵҶûа취Ƚϵˡ
ͻȻˣһ޵еǣҪʲôǿķءܹ򷨲մǻˣҲһǲʲô̫ص˵ġ෴ģֻҪһǽˣ˭Ầµġ
ҶҲעԼ壬ûʲôܹоݷ


875 Ҳ˺ǵģ
ҶʰʱȫĵȻѪʱеڶѡĳ嶯ˡ
ܹԼ°Ҹ֤һǿŲιȥġͬ°°Ҹ֤ҲҶһһ޵еı塣
ҶǲܸġˣעˣֻĽʺ޵ķˡ
Ҷʵıɵʱ򣬾Ҳ֮ͻˣѾǶ˵׵ĸֵˡǸոͻƵһ˫Ĳһεƽˡ
ҶʾãڵԼֻܵķݵˡɶԷĻϢǧȫûг׵ģźܴȱݵġһĹҶ˵ȫܹȥӲġ
ʱϵٳˣޱȵĺƴ󣬾һƬѹˣ绡˸ÿһĵ绰ˣεεģȫǽпٵĴ
֪ǲΪҶʵ̫ڵĿˣϿյһȫǷסġҲеյĺûгְҶڵͼİɡ
γɵķǳĿ٣ܿľ۳ˡһŵĽʵһǦƣֱѹ
Щľ̫ˡֱǼδδŵġٲǹģյĳ̶ȣԶԶĳ֮ǰٵġ
֮ǰȻ˵ڵһʱǱ˵ģǻܹоһЩϢġҶոɹûз˵һһϡ
ҪþֵĻҶڶɵĽپ൱ˡ֮ǰģ൱ƽʱĴװˡ
䡱һĽˣһɽϸΧһЩ绡ڷ衣ԶԶĿȥľһɽûʲôˡ
ҶûжվԭأӲİһ¡һǿҵĵ绡Ҷʲûˡӵ貣ڴĥһ
ԶԶˣմȾϷֺġ翴ľģԼ־ǣҶڵǿôֲô򵥵Ŀסˡ
ΪҶڵ̫ڵǿŽôֲĽ׵İɡ
УҶʵĵȻҶҲòȫӦԣǻҶʵĽܷΧ֮Сֻǵһ磬֮Ŀ϶ǸӵĿֲģһҶǷǳġ
֮Ľף¿ǳĳ϶˵ġһߵĻģҶǷǳ԰ĵġ
Ҷʵת˼£Ȼ¶һĨЦ
쵰ֵĴУתͷг˹ȥ
֪ĻģǰĿտĵطûбеǿڵסϢոճȥϾһֲֻ۾צצϢ
Ӳֻеˣת̨׵ĵײȥˡ
Ǵģɽ²кˣҶʵѡҶִҪѿ϶ǻܵģӦܹҶֹ
ߣҶʴһôôӳȥġһֱ˺գʱռǰٵĸ
Ҷƶķɿ죬ʼܹҶʵͷϷġӦҶʵϢܹӦٵϢȻƶϳҶʲôط
󾪣ƨɲͱײˡҲ֪ģ϶Ҷʳ˹ˡ
Ҳû룬ֱ³һȼŵѪҺٶͻȻӿˣٵ̨׵³ȥ
֮ǰǲмһ˵ˣڶıˡЩˣͻȻ÷ǳС濴ɲǷǳƵġҪʲôȻҲ֪ġ
Ҳû룬սǵͷܡ·˹ȥǲȥҶѰӻڵҶǵҲֵģȥѰ·
쵰Ҫǡǵٶأĵ󣬾ڲϵսһͷĺߣڴš
վסҪܡҲ˺ǵġ쵰ͣһȺܵķɿ죬ҲǷǳżٶȿ죬Ҷʵٶȸ졣ҪΧĿռʱ䶼Ӱ쵽ˣҶʵٶȻҪ졣
ǿܳѿڤӴûϵģлϢǲҳȥġҶʸӦһ£ȻǰսǴ󺰡
ֻҪϵڱεķΧܹӦˡǲ֪ʲôֲĴڵĴצӾܹ̽ˡСǲҳȥġ
ҶͶ䡣Ժ߾ߣҸʲô͸ʲôɺáֻˡҪˣٸӵĿֲˣǿҶʣ嶼ѿˡ


876 ˵֣
Ҷһûбŵ򶯡ûǽͷݣҲûʲôõġ
οҶʲôáˮҶʻҪʱʱ̵̿һۣһֱš
ˣҶҪץסᣬֱӵİɱ˵ġ
Ҷʲûͣ˼ҲǲµҶʵ뷨ˡһ·ǿ޵Ŀ񱼣ϵԱԼϣܹõҶʵԭ¡
һֱ˭ĺһ߸սǿ񱼣һˮһصġΪɶΪ֪Լˣ֪ôĶǲԵġŵˣֻҪλˣһúõƴԼ׷ߡ
Ϣúôܹĵء
ǵļӯ෴Ҷһͷĺߡ亹֪Ľ˼εˡ
ǲ֪һһİҶôû뵽ôĿɶöӯ˵һ㶼ֵˡ
Ҫ˵֮ǰҶģһĻô֪˸ҶʣиһִС
ǰѿڤĮ̇ˡһ֪ûʲôΣյģ˶ǿٵĳ˳ȥ
һȺޣгģд۵ġɫҴҵģȫӪһȫûпȥֱ˴˵ˡ
졭͵ۿܹ׷һ˺ץסʵˡǽߵʾôķˡһŭ𣬷ǳķŭ
ɡղҿûжɽ٣ľ粻̫Բġ⻹дƬλáҶʷŻ˽Ųȵǿϡ
䡱ʱһƬٲһҶʴһ˲䣬ɫѪҺɽҶʲ㱻ˡ˴ѿڣܶطǼͷˡ
ȿȡҶʸɿ£ոһҶʵԲٵתʱԼٵĻָ
ôһ׷ҶʵĽԽԽֲ˵ġҶͷĽףȴϡӣڲϵۡҶʶüͷ壬кܴΣա
һ򵥵Ľ׾ס˵ģһܹ˵ġҪôһҪôԴ·ˣŻȥġ
ҶʣҪ֡һĿɥӡǰǳڣǶҶ˵ޱȵΣա·ȫҶʸˡǽѵˣҶͻȻ侲˵
ʲôҶͻȻһ£ԿٵĶͣһ£ȻĽ׸üɹġ
Ҷˣʲôʱ˵ôĿˡң˵ôĺˡҪ֪ǶӪ˵ʲôֱӾͺˣþԷͬġ
Ҷʣܹܹܲ˵ô϶ǲӦģҶʻҪҪ˵
ƣͻȻһȻͷҲͷҲصĳ˳ȥˡ
ȻոճȥϾһֱ۾צƶ
Ľײϵһֻ޴צӣǿֲֻצϷһ⡣
ûʲô̫á
׼צӰ˲͸ı˷
צȻ˵ֲޱȣûסֻܹӦķΧȻþ޴צӹ
Ҳ㹻ˣצôľ޴󣬾һƬһһǺѵĶܿġ
ȻǱܿˣצӵĹķ򲻱䡣ûаڤ֮Ͼǳһӡˣֱӵİȥ
צӰڤУľˡͨˮҲǱƻˣƬڤӶͨй˽
ҶʻͨУ׻ڲϵ˳Ҷʵ嵼ڤˮС
ԿϵǿЩʶʬϴǿҵĵ绡ڿбɷɻңðһ嶼ˣȻ󳹵ʧȥеԵڤС
ŨҵʬζƬڤ֮ƮšƬڤˮжǿҵҴܡ
ҶͻȻ÷ǳĶģҪȫ㻹ֱ࣬ӶԳԵˡڤӵʬ壬Ͳôõˡ
Ҷվڽϵ͵ĵطϵڤеʬҶʳ˹󲿷ֵĶǱ׸ȥԵˡٲֵһЩĲԡЩʬҶͬʱܵҪץסһЩȻҶʵˡ
еץҶʵֱۣҶֱһ𣬸ˡеĳסҶʵĿȣҶһ߸߱ˡ
ãӴʲôСҶҪ˵ˮˣʲôʬ嶼СЩ˶нڲ٣ЩͷǳåˡץסҶʵҪλҶᡣ


877 ӹ
ҶʵҲ֪Ϯ˶ٴˡҲ֪ʬŮΪ̫ˣҶȫġ
Ҷ£ӦöŮİɡΪʲôô϶쵰ѵҶʻϣеԼô
Ҳ֪ʬʱ绹ˡΪʲôô룬Ҷʻ㡣Ŀ϶һЩĳǾ̫ˡ
ҶʵܲˣȫǵˡɫԪ׾ڣǰγһϣҶһ˰ڸסˡ
ҲҶҪôġԼһ˶סڤӵĺӿڣѹǷǳĴġֻҶʲ뱻׵Ϯˡ
ͨٴεĸˬڤˮٵȥˡֻǽ׻ڲϵšѾǿҪβˣڻļˣҶѾǾ첻ѹˡ
Ȿһ飬Ҷʵһ㶼ȫƻˡȻһʯ壬ץסҶʵ塣ҶʿһۣĶˡ
һʬ壬ԵһСҶʿȥʱǿʬҶЦЦ
Ҷ˹ĳطҵһ£Ŀռ䶼һ˲Ͱʬˡ
͸ǺˮĻҶܹһеġսǶǳİȫԹ˲Ͼģȫûʱȥսǡ
һֻ۵ľצȫͿʲô·׷ϵİȥҪѾվĶˣĿܻᱻˡ
ҶܾצϴɽĺпһġͬǿֲޱȡһκܵƸӵĶ࣬ȫûϴ޵е̬
˵۾צҲȫܹġˣһʼûҪӲƴġһʼľצûʲôѵġ
ƴĶܣǻǼαֱӵ˵ġҪȼ˼εľ˳Ǳȫĥ˵ġ
Ҷʿҳ룬ûκεİ취ȻͰעҶʵˡ
ҶʵϢӵǿɵѪӵĶ࣬ںϵĻҲӵĶࡣӵצӵעġ
ֻܹ뵽һİ취ˣѲƶġ
ɵưҳȥҾͳȥԼܰɣˣϲԶȥˡҶôܳȥǶҶʶûʲôյģɵӲĳȥ
ҶʣҵġһڵġһȻһ֮ǰտĵطܵתȺг˹ȥ
쵰ʲôҶʴŭԷȫҪսǶˮ
ȻצӲĹսǣǱ߸ϣǻᱻ۵ġ
ҶʲܹˣȻ֪ȥޱȵ鷳ҶʻƿˮĻ˳ȥˡ
ȻҶʳʱצӳһ£ȻϵҶʰ
ҶĵˣſһȣֱǰеĽƸˡȻҶʹע˹Ҷʵľܿľʹﵽ˶㡣ˣҶ״ԲΪˣȱס
ʲôĲͬҶʲòٴεĶܡΪеڶֻצҶʰ
֮ǰĹһֱֻһֻצӡҶʸոյĳֱ֣ӵľͳֻצӣҲһĶҶʵʵĿ϶İɡ
ԶԶվţһһֻĿҶʱ泩ޱȣץʱٵĻָԼʵ
䡱ֻķΧľԼԶԪϢĸӦǳŵһʱӦˡ
ӹȻҪʲôˡһĻҶǱŭˡ
쵰Ϊ˱ԼѾսвԼˡûа취ҶʯԼֵһˡ
ǣڸղţٴεܵʱ򡣾Ȼ˶Уа˿ԱߣҶôܹŭˡ
Ҫ̼һҶʵģǿҶʵ˫磬ǳǵѡ˱졣۾צһգڶεĹûʱĳȺһߵĿտĵط˹ȥ
֮ǰҶȫͲŻģ˵ˡֻҪаѰ˿ˮĴ㣬Ҷʾ;ʲôҲҪŪ
ΪҶʸıȽϵԶ֧Ԯġצסοǰ˿ء
Ҫǰ˿ǶˣҶҲͲʲôĹ˼ɵˡ
Ȼʱתģô򵥵⻹ܹ뵽ġ
ȻҶʿ˷ǳĲģǻʵʵתˡ


878 Ǻˣ
ҶǷǳıģⶼʲôʱˣʱʱ̵̿ĶҪҡҶʾǷǳĲˬġ
ҶʲֹһεҪֱӵȥˡΪģҪŪġ
ǰǰģҶʵҪСٴˡҶѾҪܵ˼޵ˡ
Ҳ֮ǰҶ˫¶ķסҪʵˡֵͷǳĳˣҪʱҶǳ˵Ļ˲ѹǿסġ
Ҷֻ޴צޱȵǿĺôʱֵ쾡µġһ˿Ԫܹ˺աдٶȷɿ졣ÿÿܹڱеǰһ뿪ԭأһط
Ҷʵٶȷɿ죬Ĺ֮£ҲǷǳĳġǶ÷ǳļʱǻǱ˼ΡҲûа취ġ
䡱һֻ޴צٴεҶʵϰҶʵ˸Σ任˼˳ǸոӳһֻצӵķΧһֱצӾͿٵİ
ҶֱӾͱˣֱӱڤӵĵײľˡѾǵһγˣҶʱˡ
ֻһֱצ׷ţҶ˵ֻ಻ٵġδζֱӱ˳УѪȾ졣ϢȫıȻһδεļѵĸ
Ϣڲϵ˥ģÿһôǿеĸҪķѴľ֮ǰҶʴսȻΪͻƵʱǲһģļεĹѾǿҪȫĺĿˡ
ҶʺúһЩȻһδεıڤСҶֿٵĳ˳һЩƣǱֱӱ˲֪Ҫöٱˡ
ôشҶͬЩԲġҪģҶʲ֪⵽ҪʲôʱҪһֱȥĻǲ˵һֱҪô壬ҲҪﱻɷİ
ܲסˣ֪ΪΣеǿ߾Ȼûг֡ҲܲôˣԼͷǳΣյˡ
ôȥ۾צˣԼҲǰˡȫͲҶʵĶֵˡŲǸʱ򣬾Ҫצ׵ˡ
һ󵨵ľǿ͸һеķ񡣼ȻòǾʹŴȥ
ͷҲصȺг˹ȥ;ٴεıĳһΡѾǲ˵ģȼľѪһͷľȺС
۾צٴε£һϡΧһƬһ˲䱻ȾѪɫɺѪķɽ
ǹ̫ǿˣЩֱʱһĲҽжûзġ
ҶҲǺܿľͷˣ۾һ˲䶼ˡȻǻվģҶʵվһġ
һȥȻǺҪһЩԼʶҲûٶ١
ȻĲˣھȥҶʱţٵĳ˹Ÿʲô쵽ͨȥ
֮ǰҶȻ˵һֱŲշתʼͨڵġûҪȥģһǰҶʸһµĻҶʵһֻצԼ˹Ļǳܲסġ
ôˣҶһֱûзԼȥĴģȻҶʲԼġòˣҪˣһЩ˺·
ҶʵĻҶһ㶣Ȼ˲ľͷӳ˹Ҷ˹ǰ·˵ġİȫͨˡҶıãȻܹȫӽȥġ
ҵ·췴ǻˣҾǶȥʣһˣʹĥȥĴЦšȺҳš
ΪûйƶΪ˶ҲҴţһʱ䳡ҳһţʮֵĻҡ
䡱Ǿ޴צӣٴε˺գȥҶʵ۾Ҫɳˡ˿ȻצӵĹΧ֮СѾû㹻ʱȥܵˡ
˿ȻҲһ㣬תͷĿҶʣǹŵ΢ЦȻûһĺ¡
ҶͻȻеޱߵĿ־壬ҵĲĿռ䶼ΪҶʵϵĲڿٵݣһ˲䣬Ҷ˶ȼٵıת˲ͳΪһصľˣܵĽɫĻ棬ʥַ
Ҷֱӵǰײ˹ȥײ۾צ֮ϣ˲ľͱĽɫѪ
ǰצӣһαˣҶӲĸײ˳ȥˣ˵ĵط
Ҷʱһ˲䣬һϡ


879 ʹ죡
һ͵ǲɿܵڴҵϡǺˣҶʵ˶ͨС
Ҷʡ˿ֵĴУҲû֮ǰĳȻĸоˡԼǺܿ£µǿԼŵԼǰңԼûκεİ취
ɫѪһЩҶʼѵٴ塣
ȿȣû£õġҶޱȵǴҶķǳ˵仰ʱҶٴεĿȳ˼ѪѪҪʧȥˣ÷ǳİ
ȿȡԶҲǻˡ֮ǰҶʵһţ˷ǳءҶʲҪˣȼԼ߳һţ֮ǾצҲû϶ٵˡ
ôˣΪĿĲֶεġҶʻĴŴ˵
ôˣΪѾȻܹҪġʵֻҪһڳڵӵģֲ̇һǵѪҲǵ˵
Ȼʲô¶νҵĵߡ㣬δζܹҵĵߵġĲ֪ǸеˣǸΪĬҶҡҡͷʾԼõġ
ǻ˵ʲôءսɣֻһܹȥĿܾǣ˶ȥҲûʲô˵ˣȼԼڵԪҪһս
˵Ϣޱȵ۵ľצʧȥ˶˵ĸӦҲûˡ
ǣѾνˡѾǰ׿ˣҪһս
ҶҲȼһŽɫĻ棬ɫĻңңĶš
Ҷʴ󣬾Ǵһ˹ȥˡҲ󣬴ʬɽѪҶʳ˹
˶ûһ˿ıھƴ˭ԶԷݣ˭Լӵ׺ݡ˶֪ҪǵȥˣվˣԵûĻˡѾǽӽ;ƿݵĵزˡ
޾յģɱ˹
һ֣Ѫ˳˹ٵĸʴ
ڣٵ˹ȥƬҪ޸̤ˡףЩҪ仯ʵˡѾһЩϢˡ
һŭ޾Ƶǿ߳˳кܶ嶼Ѫ˫鶯ս졣
ū۵ǿ߲໥ײϵģֱӱɢС
Ҷʲȥٵ˹ȥ̤Ѫ˶ͬǲҶʡ
ʱʲô׿ˡûк£ûп־壬еֻս⣬еģֻǸɷ֡
еĿ־壬ʹ֮£ȫʧˡһЩˣսһء
ԭѾ˱ʤİ˵ҶʣҲǾȻĽʺ޵壬ôĲ˵ġڹؼʱܹӦеսġ
Ҷ⣬һӽɫһɫμʮֵۡҶһ֣һԶĵطȥ
˵ƻ̫ˣطЩҶ²սǡ
ʱûȥˣֻҶʣϵļвУȻѰҿ϶ˣҶʺ׵ľͰϵ㹻Զĵط
ҶٵĶԹţÿһεĶԺ䶼ܹľˡǿֲ˻ûͣģܿľͰҶΧˡ
˵ԪܿľͺľˣȻϵĽȭȭ⣬ûж
ۡɫѪҺ߸ߵƮޱȵҫۡһȭҶʵţֱӴһǰ͸Ѫ
ꡱҶžʹͬһȭĸĳ߹ǡ
ûȥԼ˿ڣֱ֣Ҷʵİ߼򶼸ȥֱ۶ģûһ˿
Ҷץס˶Էһֱۣһֱӳ
Ҳ֪ս˶ãԶĲǷ·ˮĻһڤӱ滹ڲϵĲ
ҶõģżֲѪҶʻǿվšǰһŵ壬Ȼ
㱻ҶʸˣȵϥҲǱҶʸˣûа취վ
˵Ԫˣûа취ٵ޸壬ų
Ϊ˵һսĲҡȫͲʿĶԾˡͷҰ֮ɱ̫Ѫˡǿ˭ܲסȵȥġ
Ұˣһʹ졣ʱǴ״̬лָ˹ˡϵľʹԡסˣҶʵϲޱ˵


880 ϣ
ҶʵĿ˵ʱʲôġǰʱ޿̵Ķţôܹɱʲôʱܹɱ
ڣһǵˡҶͻȻЩˡһֱΪԼǰˣôĵˡҶʲ֪ǸЦǸô
Ȼĺ㡣ҾԼûôı̬Ҿ͸һʹˡҶʳһ˵
ԶĺˣٵҶʳ˹һϴžֵɫԵĿϵɫڲϵġ
Щ˵壬ͻȻܿˣȫηҶʷ˹ǰͬʱԪѾʼȼˣȻԪĻȼ塣һεĹûдۿҲǻȥˡ
һȺĺһȼԼǶǿߣⱬȻǷǳľ˵ġҶڵһʱ͸ӦˣĻͷ˫ľѾһˡ
ҶȻǵһʱͲµôµˡЩˣ汲ľ͸ˣڿ϶ʲôӡ
ڣ֪ȥˣİ취ֱӰе׷߶ȼˡڵҶʣȫһɱľˡ
ûа취ҶʻУҶʽҵˣҲܹЩ׷ߴԼһ˵ȥҲҪһЩģڲǱҶʸŪġ
ҶʡԶսҲǷӦ˹һŵġ桱Ҷʣȫ˾ֵĴС
ôû뵽ⶼѾǹ۵ˣҶƷһ˻ʵ۷ĶԾӦǰĽˡӦΪ˫Ŀʼ˽ӴԶԶûеȵԼɡ
ڵӦҶʰСȻ֮󣬴ǿߵĲŶԡ
϶˵飬ôַܵءսǷǳԽܣʱѾûʲô취ˡ
ܶ˶ǲȥˣ۾Ѿ飬ҶʵѾΪ˽֡
ʱ򣬾ҲȫһȻȥûõˡԷһȻռ˾ԵѾ׷ϵˡ
ҶʲЦһ£Է̫ˣȻֶΡҪҶ֮ǰֱӰĻڵͲᷢˡ
Ҷʵ磬֪ǱľˣҶһǲôġ
ˣҶ㾡СչˣҲǱҶʸַ˳ˡȫѪתôĽñޱȵص˽һĶ񻯣嶼ҪҵĻˡ
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ֳһһƵģϸսмȥҲ˱СսĹģҲڻ
ˡеĺһľȫһɢž˵Ĳһһɢ·ڤӾҵĲţҪķ˹
䡱һɹҶʳ˹ȥޱȵĲáʱռ·ǱסˣֻʣһƵɹǶģΪΨһʵһ
ˡɹ׼ȷĻҶʣһľ졣˿ǵҲžҵһ¡
ɹⲢûмǰ޼᲻ݵɹ⣬סˡҲ˵Ҷʵסһɹ⡣
ɹⱾֻһһûкά֣ٵɢȥˡֻ˿ֲನڲ
ڣҶʻԭأûһ֮³Ϊٻҡ
鲻ˣɹײľ顣Ѹٵıˣ˻Ҷʵϻǰ͸ѪڳҶʵһľ֮󣬱˻ҵʱȥˡ
Ҷʡ˿СĺţΣ̫ͰԼˣȻʲôˡ
Ҳ죬ϴģоܹȥһֻȭͷġ
£Ҷ壬״̬ȻܹһεĹ
ǣû֪Ҷڵʲô״Ҷп֪ĵĶį
Ϊ˵һҶʵȫԪıԴɢˡҲ˵Ҷڲ׵ĸˣʲô켶ġڵҶʣʿ㲻ˡ
ķ˵һֱǰҶʸˡһʵǿģעܹԻ͵˻ʡһ˲䣬ͱ˷ˡӦʷϵһİɡ


881 ʣ
ҶһȻʷ˻õһˡܹ˻壬ǻʲô˻塣
õģˣһಡķˡһʿ˵ֱӵɱҪԽܵġ
⻹ȫˣӴԺҲûа취ˡҶʻһصܹסǿߵĳ
ҶҲӦһ£ԼҲǱȫĻˡǰӡԼѪеģǵβʣȫˡ
ܹҶսһҶʱ򣬱׼ַƻˡ
һе飬ӡ̲ҶʵҶʵޱȵǿⲻ֪㲻øҲҶܹһԭ
Ҷʵǳĸӣǲ֪ôݡҪ˵İɣһǿ޵ˣǸÿĵġ
ȫûһ˿Ԫ֧ţҲӦʲôˡҶûа취ݵˣԺͳΪһٶΰ½ˡ
ڣڴ֮Ԫ֧ţҶǿƯС
ȿȡ³һɫѪҺֳǺݰͬΪʲôһ˵ĺءɱԺûʲô˰ɡ
úݵĻôõȻܹ˵ҶȻпɬϿһ㣬˵
ҶȥˣҪǺáɴ߲Сڣ仰Һ˵ղҪôǳɹһȥҪôӡϸֳһĨĳ쾫ࡣʲô״Ƕȥˡ
Ҷ˼ˣЩ׷߻߻˵ȥûаĹϵˣһңһлɱԼĿܣȥȷʵһǳѡġ
Һܺ棬ôġոһȫʢʱҲضǻ˵ġȽһ֮ǰ״̬һЩˡʳһһֱ벻׵⡣
Ĳ֪Ǹøл㻹Ӧðʬεġ㿴ھֻǺõˡҶʱشģڵĲԪˣһ̾ͻڤˡƶ̧˵Ҷʣǹʹĸһ𰸡
ˡҲãһǱ˸ӵܡúúãĻҲáһ£ȻѸٵĻع
ȻûɱҶʣҶĻţǲǸӵĺõô
ңеǸˣǿȻԪΪǱԼֻ߲͵ġ
ҶҲʣһ壬ȻûϣˡҲ˵ҶʻһΡνľļƻҲôɢˡ
̫ˣڵ˵õЦˡЦЦţᶼˣиǴڵѪϢҲʼ˥ˡԪľҶһڤӵȥ
ˣ·ҶˣڲԪҲǿٵĺľˣٵĸ׹ȥ
ȻûԪǿֲһЩһǧ׹Ҷʿٵȥ
һֻɫȥնˡһˣҲͳΪ˹ȥˡ
ûԪҶʣҲ뵱ǿĹı۾ȥԼ屻Ѫɽĳ档
ˡڤڤͻȻǿĲƬڤӶѹȵʮɡ
ҶʸоԣĳȥһƸӵˡʱҶǲκεˡΪҶѾûʵȥĨɱЩˡ
һǿҵײҶʵһһӵ棬Ŀռ䶼ھҵѡ
һ£Ѿ˱׼ˡҶһƺûдɻ۾Ȼо¶һĨϲɫ
һĴ·г˳ΧһһĲƬ̵Ĺ򣬾Ѿǰһ޴ĵǡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôǾһַϵϤĸод󶨣£лϣˡ
֮ǰ֮ôĻȫ֪ûпܻȥˡϣԼǰ˼ٴεĻ
ϾҰޱȵǿ˵ֻлţпȥµġˣǰ¹ֵ͸Ҷʵˡ
컹Ҫమһİزˣ㶼ѾˣûɱҵġҶʣЦţвϵѪҲǲܲˡ


882 ˶
ˡһĽŲģԶһصľȻڻĿ
ʱռķǳĻǿߴӲͬʱڿٵ
Ҷʲ룬Ҳ֪ôˡһĺ֣ͬǿߴԶǿеˡ
ĺ֣Ҷڲ˻һûʲô֡ҶʲԼȥʵ飬Ҫǵǿ߳ˣֱӰԼ׵ˣǾͿˡ
ҶĶǵеϵĳֹǵǣͲе˵Ӱ졣
ǳĲ񣬵ǺܿľͱɫǿǿƵĹ˷ǳ鷳ܹŲϿղϵĻ죬Ǹǿڲϵǻ
Ͼʱˣ̫ڵǿ̫ܵˡҪôܳˣô׵ġ
ȻûгǳصĽŲÿһεţǲ˵ͷһʵ΢һЩѪӿзǳĺȻ
Էʱȷʵûа취ҶڲϵĹߣǵ϶һЩˣпǿ֮߳ǰѾǵˡ
ˣԷȻûгǿΪͨŲǿеĸռеҶʡ
ҶʵһΪȫ壬ҪǾͱԷĽŲˣЦˡ
Ȼһ㵭ѪţҶʵ岻ܵĳҶʷǳĹϵģһδεͬһطĻš
ꡱһ죬ǣ˺ܶ˵ġǵеɫһ˲ò԰ֽˡ
ҶʺŪһĴ죬ͬǱ˵ģĿЦ
֮ǰǷǳŵİҶʾͰѶԷĵǸ˿һˣɫ̫ÿˡ
˶ǿȻ˵ûгѾĹʵĴ˳ˡ¡¡죬һúܶ˶ɫ죬³һѪ
̫ˣȻȻһɱϢתɱϣ̺һĴơɱɱһѾǳˡ
ҶҲǷǳĺȻɱ¾֮ôȻ£Ϊɱ¾ĵ̫ڵĿˡ
֮ڵȫаģȫϲ̨İ
ҶȻᱻԷס˵ġҪôľͺˣǾͲҶʵˡңǶԷĳˣҶʸɱһǻɱģǻƴİˮġ
ԷһģƵ÷ǳ㻹ǲܹġҶֻҪɵǶԷĴоͶϾˡɶԷķ죬Ҳûκεİ취ġ
ңҶʾĲţɶԷôĿԽʱռĳûġ
ûУ˶ءҶʼĹţûƬ̵ͣΪǿߵĺӿϵĶ
㡭ɫģҶʵģȻԷֱӸת޵Լˡ˰죬Ҳ֪ôķס֣ҲӦ֪ˡǿҵģһǳˣӲġ
ɵ˰ģ㶼˵˳ҾӲˡΪʲôҪءһȰŪǾҲˣҲǹˡҶٴε֣ǵϵƸӵĴˡ
ҶûӴֵĴ㣬ǿҲ˵ˡֻǼӿǰصĽŲϵĺ谭ҪȫĽٳǿµɱ⣬Ҳȫ͸ˡɱΪʵ壬Ϊһѷ쵶Ҷʲϵ
ҶȻЩ£Լ忹סڵһεӲ֮Ҷ˲ľԼĵġʵҲ㲻ӲҶû˷ûа취ٵĶҲֻȥˡ
һصնҶʵĺ֮ϣһĲõĻǡҶʵ岢ûˣֻǱײЩԡ
ԭɾվڤ֮ϵҶʣѹȥһЩڤˮҶΪ΢΢ˡ
ͻȻҶЩԼˣʵ̫ǿˡ֮ǰһҪ֮ǰ壬϶ǻᱻġڣƤûơ
ҶʾãԪʲôĶȫ壬ҲʲôˡԺһһܹݵصĴսġʲǸԼԲôôͿԺúõˡ
ҶĬĬţûƬ̵ͣġ
ԶʣĪĴһоһֹסԴʶһ£ҿģ˭Լ⡣


883 ǿƹ
쳹յĽŲԽԽУȻЩķˡ
ڤ֮ϣҶĻǵǵٶҲԽԽ١
֮ǰõĵǣѾǶһЩƵˣ֮϶һЩĵˡ
ꡱһĴ죬ǼӲĵǣǱҶصһ˵ġΧ޲䡣
ϡҶʾվǰ棬ܵࡣ˵ĵǿĹȫҶʵ֮ϣһĻǡ
ˡҲһǿҵ֮ȻѿˣһֻһĿˡ
Ҷʾ̤ҪֱӵİҶʸ̤ޡ
ߡҶһ֮ǰԷɱ⵶ĽӴǿһЩµĹơҶʿɲΪǿܹһŰԼ̤ġ
ҪȥһȭҲʱ任˷ǴĴŰ˹ȥ
顱ҶһȭʵʵĴ˶ԷĽŰϡȻ˾һڵһĵ˳ȥصҽڤУľˡ
ϷһֻĴŰҲǴһĲȻ˻ȥɫѪҺٲһ½
˻壬ôܡǿٴε̽˰ӣϵԵ÷ǳļѡ
ôôĶࡣǿٴεĸӦһΪʱŭ޲һưˡ
Ҷˮвϵı˫ȣȻûԪǲ㡣ǿ˲֪ٱôðˮнǷǳķġ
ܵõǿйǿ߶Լʲô̬ȣתвһԪŶԷƮȥ
ҶѾûԪ˵ģûа취ץסԼˡ
һ⻹ǹһ۵İı任˺üεˡҲǸŲϵľڣԼӳˡǿȫĳҶʶҲǻطġ
䡱һˮײ棬
һƵΧŨѪٶȷɿ죬һ˲ͳ嵽ԱߣһѰסˣˮȥ
㲻ûԪôôܹôߡˣԭѾΪǳɹ˵ģǱҶʸץסˡ
׳գ㲻֪ôҶһǱץеİ߼ʱͱҶʸˡ
һҽУ국ſҡֻҪңҾһ
׳գֲҶٴεһߵļ򣬵˵
ոյĽӴҶʵд󶨡ԷӦþ̫ǰĴɵ壬ǿƵĿʱռ˹ˡĶƴȻǶԷѷɫһЩ
Ҳ˵ԷһĹ˲ҶʵġҶûκεԪʲôģҲȫẦ¶Է
֮ǰһڹһǱõġԪۻʲôء
˵ʱеһӰѾһ̽ˡֻһһŻǻҵͨС
Էһ֣Ҷʾ͸оһɹ˹ԼϣҪԼȻߡ
ҶϵѪ貣򷨲֣ӳϣֻǸо΢ų
෴ҶץҶûж൱ȫӳˡ˲ĶЩŤεˣֵĴš
ԣô˵Ĺ죬ǿȾȻҪɵǡǣΪθӦԪĲһûгɹǿ߸ӦһЩĶˡɻʵ
ƨ£ҶʺĻӦһ䣬ԷҲûʲô̸ģǲܺͽġҶʶ֮ǰͷû¶͸Լǻ˶Ļ˶ǳûкøСˣôõĻᣬҶȻǻؾ˶Էһ䡣
㡭ǿҲû뵽Ҷ˵˵ĴֱһʱЩԵӦǵǸѾվ۷ˣ˭ôĶ˵϶ͷ˻ʣ˶Ҫƺġ
ҶʾûôĹ˼ˣ𾴸ƨİҪһܵġοҶһֱǾûһǺöġ
䡱Զһ彵ˡһ˲䣬նһһ˲䰵
׵粻ϵ£ԶС
ˣ첻ʴˣ䷢ˡ
ҶһݣȫĽٵϢһƬ̫ڵĺˡ˿̣ڱģӿ졣ʱܹɽһ


884 
ԷϢ֮ǰ͸¶ģǿһֹġ֮ǰڿռУԶŵƻǷǳĴġ
ҶҲ̫ڵĺ¡ԷǿģҲԪΪˡǿǲٴεġˣҶʻΪԼӦܹסġ
ԷǸո¶ȻͿٵʧˡҶҲ룬ֱסĲӡ
ȻԷϢǰһٵı任˷Ҷʳ˹
ҶȻûа취ʹԪ뷨ˣΪǿһеĸӦˡԶŵոƶʱҶʾѾǸоǰϢı仯ˡųסĲӣֻҪԶŵǿҶʾܹڵһʱӴԴĸֱӵ顣
ȻԶŹΪ˾˵ģġȻǲ˵Ҫ˺Ҫһġ
ҶʼĲûз֣ԶЩļɵġתΪ֧㣬ҽˮϻһԲ
һˮΧɢ˹ȥȻǷǳСġȵǰ׿ʱ򣬾ͱһȦ˳ȥ
ȴŽƵѪһһصĳࡣ
žһ죬ҶһգֱǰԶ߷˳
˫ֻģԪγɵҶһŸˡ˫Ųڤˮ֮ϣԶ˳ȥڵԴԴϵĵ˽µڤУγľˡ
֮ǰҶйһײˣεײԶѾǷǳעǳСĵˡǽһһǱҶʸ߷˳ȥˡ
óȫɣһֱôʾ˼ôԶǳķŭҶôǿ󣬾ȻһֱԪ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôһ˻ôĲ࣬һˣһŸոסǣԶһǲµġʱĻ˲֪ˣҶҲµġ
Ҷп֪ǿǷŸոҪԪΪҲǿȵĻܹ˲ԶġôõһᣬֻǰѶԷˡ
ԪҴɢˡڡֻ屻˲ôǿ󡣡ȻҶŲӣǻƴıһ仰Լ֪Զŵ
ԭˡ㻹ôķôеôġԶԶˮվڴЦš
ڤڤһĶһߵ츳εǿ󣬲ϵͻƣ˦һߵġˣͬһ˻ʲ̫ġ
ҶĽٵһ⣬ȫһ⡣˻彵˴ɵһȥˡ
ֹһͬ˻츳ޱȵǿ󣬿ģҶʶܹ֮ءٵͻƣΪʱܹѹԷġ
Էһⱦģֺҩһʳԣ˻ʵĶҪˡ˻ʵ츳죬죬Ҳſٵͻơ
ôһֻεĴ֣һֱڲٿһеġ
ЦүҶ̧־Ͱе˳ȥˣֱ̫Ħ˻硣һ·ҺŲܿƵԶײ˳ȥ
ԷһݣܵҪܿġǶľһҪȵˣҧվԭء
˫ĻӶϵжĳͣñס˺
ԶһʲôʱôĴˣþǴһûκεİ취
ո뻳Ҷʾͽɱ˹ˡ˫ȿٵڤ̤֮˶УٶȲֺġպǶԷ˫ȥ˵ʱҶʾ͸ϵˡ
ûԪĲûзҶƽ͵һȭԶ˹ȥ
һȭƻʵޱȡƮƮģʵ
˫ֱڲ̤ˮһ£һˮǽ沼ܼ·ԶٵԪӳһ¡
Ҷһȭ棬ˮǽϵһȦɫĹâȻȻˡҶһȭҲȫйȥˡ
ϵ˲ôļˣҶȻ׼˺ֵˡȱֱԶ˫֮˹ȥһǺޱȡ
ߣһߣԶʵǲҶʾȻҶԼôնʽ
ȿٵ̧Ҷ߹ʱ򣬽ű΢΢סҶʵȣȻҶʵĴһԴ˹ȥ
Ҷȫһűһԣǹȫ޵ˡٵɢȥ˽ϵȻڶαԶϥ˹ȥ


885 Ļ
ꡱҶͻȻıп磬Զڱŵ£ûôĿ١ֱӾͱҶʸˣûκϥǹǾֱӵѵˡ
ϥѣһֻ˲ľʧȥбһ᲻ɵһֱӵľͰȥ
ҶʿɲܶԷʲô״̬Ҷ˵ȻľûʲôֵĿˡ
ȸ߸ߵ̧Ȼ·˹ȥһɫıһ
ԶŭеްֱͲˡΪǰҶʵǰģҶ߸̧ȻصȥһţǱԴȥġ
һȦڤˮԶУһˮ沼˷ģǳǿңĵ֡ӳ֣
ˡŶԷˣҶͬûȵġһžҪ̤ȥֱ˲̤ĵزˡص̤ԶԴϷˮĻϣһƵ졣
ƬڤӶǾҵĲһ£˲ɸߵˮˣȻصĵڤС
ˮҶһŸ̤ˣǿҵķ𣬻ǰҶʸ˳ȥˡ
žžžҶʲˮٵĵˣ֮һʢˮһֱ˳ȥʮľ룬Űڵǿķˡ
ԶʱǿڱѪⶼǱҶһȸġǻеӵĲѾǱ˹ȥˡ
ͻȻ֣ǶͦʹҲ֪ͻӦ˫ġҶƽһڷѪ˵
㡭Զп˵һ˵ĵ壬ǿʵȴӲܵ˺ܴۡ
ڶԷֲһ˲䣬ҶٴεĳȥһΣǹԶˡǵԶ棬һȭȭǻԵȥ
ûԪûзĲÿһȭܹ׵˺գȵԶϵĶ
ԶͣĶܣҶʽӴǸ˦Ҷʵģʱ䳤ˣԵЩķġ
ʱҶͻȻһȭҽǺ޼Ѱ
顱һȭǴ˵ʱ֮ϡľٵĳڣ嶼ЩŤˡ
顱һ죬ֱӵľըѿˣɫѪ
Զɫ䣬һ˲ʮεɫǳеѪսСһϾҪɢ˵ʶҲԶԺ
ҶʰһĿϧȻԷһߵԷҪָ»ǳ鷳
ΪҶʸӦһ£һƵʶǳĴѾǻ˵ġܹܲµĻǻ˵׼顣
ңԶŵ̤ʱĳӴ̫˻ģȻǲܹġ֪ԷܹʲôķõǴµ
ⶼҶʵĿеˡӦǶԷԽ顣
ңҶһȭ֮ԶŵԵǱ˵ġ
µڤķһһķƵˮҶʲϵĳ˹Ȼܹ˺Ҷʵ壬ҲǰҶʸýڽڰ˵ġ
Էλ÷ǳȷǶҶʵŻкͷ
ƬڤӶÿһˮǳĿֲҶȻǾĶ˵ģվڷ˵ڤ֮ϣռȷʵ޵ġҪλ֪˶ٴεˡҪҶʵǿѾ˵ġ
Էһֱվڸ߿գҶϵĽӴ֮ǰҶʵĽĽӴѾԶԹ˵ĿˡڣȻٹȥִˡ
Ҷʾ÷ǳΣԷ׼Լ屬վһԼûʲôŵܹŵλáڵƬڤӶǲȶģҶʺѽ赽㹻ţţǳΡ
ɱгѷ죬뻮һĺɱ
һǿӰ˳ˮҶʳɱ
СҶһ䣬ԷľҪŪʬɽѪǧġһЩõ壬ڵԼһöûеġ
ԶϢҪǿܶ࣬ٻϸȻǸӵĿһЩġ
顱ҶһȭȳһӰϡֱһĳƵУҶʸֱӵĴˡ
ɺѪûκ׼ҶһҶŵ˱ǵѪζʱһ㶡
ٵֵһĨҶסЩճޱȣʵѪҺ
Ҳ˵Զٻȫһʵ塣


886 ǰ
ҶȻҲЩķģԼǿеѹ
ھһҶƮҡСۣҪһעҪ㷭ˮ뺰ɱϵӰ¶滹һԶİ
ҶʲϵŲţ̤ˮ麰ɱӰʼһʶϷԶģ˵ץסʱ
ЩӰǳ֣ȷʵʵޱȵġЩĲ֮ͬ󣬱˿дѪڤУʣµĴֵ˻ȥѸٵĳѿС
ʼԴԴϵģҶûа취Ƶж١ֶĽ׵Ϊģż׻ġ
ЩĲ̫ڵĿ£̫˾Щ鷳ˡ϶ҧ˵ľңЩӰϲ֪Ҫǿ˶ٱˡһĶҶʲϵĳ
䡭һˮϵҶʳ˹ֳ˼㣬Ҷ˹
ҶһֱӰߵеӰˡѪ£Ҷ˲䷢¶һС
ͻȻըѿҶʽǿķ𣬿ٵԶķ˹ȥ
ˮҶʵģҶʵƶҲЩˮı˷
ҶһŤԼĸˮǿеһ㣬һصĲˮҲٵ
䡭ˮϵı˿ˮҶҲϵİθߣʼձźܿٶȣѸٵԶ
ͻȻϷѿԶ˳סҶʵȥ·
Ϊǰ׳ôԶǲмѾǷҶʵĶˡ
֮ǰҶʶݵĽӴѾŪҶһʲô˵ˡһˣһֱԿġ˿ϵľҪȻв泩
ϷҪռһƣһžҶ̤˹֮ǰҶһ̤ˮһ
顱Ҷʹϵĳȭ͵ԶСϣǿһŸȥ
ҲһЩˣΪ⡣Ȼ֣һƾҶʵϰȥָиַתǿԪڲ
ҶһЩĺµˣȻǿ󣬵ԴҪܵػʶˣ鷳ʹˡ
ͻȻΥԭĿٵ׹ҪԶһơ
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ҶʵԺгһĻ棬ǻǳİһİ硣ǻޱȵʵҶЩĪϤ
ҶʿԼ֮УһѧӤһı۰Լ§˻Уޱȵů
ߵҶޱȵϤѾȥ˵ҶսȻЩϸ΢Ĳ𣬵üϢȫһģһġ
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һתҶʵĶһ𣬲ֹͣԶһڻϢƵĳں׷ϡ
ⰡϲҪ׵˻һôһȻܹնɱ˻壬Ⱑһ۷ģһڵģ˷ܰԶһ׷ţһߴЦš
ͬ˿ڵģǱҶս˵Ҫ˺ܶģܹ׷ҶսҲ֮С
ôҶսϵˣӦþԶնɱġ
ҶʿĻˡ׷˵ҶսҶս֪СǰеҶʸ׷˳ȥȻת˻ʽԶ
ԶȻмеҪŪҶʵģֲòСĵҶս
һսôչˡ˻ʽõģҶʶǿܶ౶ȫҶսս
Ƭˣǳ˹ನ顣ҶսҪĴ߶£˾˵սɵһս
ĽһӵġҶս˲УֱȼԼһ˻ʽͳ׵Ļҷ
ҲܵˣûʵȥҶʣʹȥ´ƬɫѪҺ
˻ʽҲ˾ȣʹ˵սᡣ


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ҶʿĻ棬Զʱͬǿ˵ġˣϵıǷǳʵġ
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ǰҲû뵽Ȼܹ㣬ⰡҶʾͲôƵˣҧгݵ˵Ǵмһ
ҶսҶ˵ΰĸ׵ˡȻûôĹҶʣҶ֪Լġ
֮У֪ҶսʵԼĻ׷ߡҶһֱûҶʵ֪УҶսԼĸףһǲġ
Ҷ֪ˣҶս֮ǰΪԼһεˣû˻ߣùòҶʸӡڵһų
֮УҶսٴεԼǰζΪԼҶʵޱȵĳصġ
ĸĴ꣬ʱʱ̵̿ŮҶûмܡǸһֱԼɳġ
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ԸΥ߰飬ͰҶʸȵߵһ·ϡҶսı𣬾ȫˡҶսԼĻУ׵Ҷûа취ȥˡ
죬ȻһˡİҶǴŲ̵Цݡ
һΣ˻塣ʱ뾫Ϊĺ֣ҲǷǳˡ
ҶʻҪлİҪԶ˺֣Ҷôܹء
ȻҶսûгŵڣѾ絹ȥˡҶ֪ڤڤ֮һֱǻעԼģһܹһսġ
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˫ĹϵûΪϤ͵ģǱøӵıˡ˵񲻶ϵĽţжܹ𻨳
ΪҶʵ˴˫Ǳŵļ䣬սƬ̵ͣ١Ǻܿģ˫ٴεĴһΣӵļңӵĻ𱬣һǲҪĺ֣ҪٵİѶԷ
Ҷſ³һѪεԶƱҪһԶ˵ġ
ԶҲȻֵģһһ֡ϸַ裬ȫ˳һ쵶ҪһҶʸΪġ
Ѫ쵶ײһղϵ𣬱һǿҵĲ˽սϢĲҲܲˡصĴѹȥˡ
ǰһ̣һ̣ҶĽŪ
һ˶һ൱˭Ҳûռˡĳ֣ʵ˫ĶСġ
ȫѪҺôĶ࣬Ѫӵϡ٣ոĹҶܹʹüΣǾͿ֪ˡ
ԶȻҶľѪսԶͬķǳľ޴ġڵԪڿٵʧҲǱһЩǿĹҪ˼ξͰԼľľ
ҶҲεİ취ûԪӻֻĹܹЧҪӽԶ̫ѵˡ
Ҷʺľ˾ѪҲǻһǿǵġԶľ˾ԪҶʽǻԿġ
ԣôĻҶռ˾ԵϷˡ
ת˲䣬˫ͽʮΡԶʼûģһֱԼǿΪѹҶʡ
ҶҲϵıԼľѪǷ
ҶʸȼվѪǿٵĳԶ˹ȥ
Զûа취ˣֻܹҶʽľˡѪȼҶʣ򷨲մġҲûԶˡҶˣӲġ
һԪ÷Ҷʵϲϵһ߲ϵҶʹ
Ҷ˫ڲƺ£ȫκεԪĹֻܹҶһЩĸš
Ԫ뷨Ȼ˵òˣǰԼ壬ЧǷǳĲġܹһļӳֵãԶҶĶʱˡ
ڤϿմյѷ죬磬Ҫˡ


888 ĻԪף
ҶץסһᣬһȭصĴԶļ֮ϡֱӾͰı۰ˣſſһߡ
ԶҧӲţҶʵĹļ϶ֱǲƳɵصնҶʵ֮ϡ磬˲䱬
Ҷʵ֮ͬǳһпڣɫѪҺ䡣
һźţ˫ĶЩˣЩϽˣǿˣ㲻ȥˡ
ҶȫǲģԼǿӲԶĹһĿֲ˿ڣǱһ飬ѪģǴѪ̳һ
ԶͬǲϵشҶʽĹԶĹؽڲλ嶼ҪҶʸڵˡ
ԶһҡεĿ϶ҶײԶĻСҫ˲ľʹ̴ԶţҶʵһȵŵĶ
ҶʵҲһ𣬸ʹԶԼʣԪ۳һ쵶Ҷ˺۵ĸֱӵͱ˽ȥˡ
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ҶսҶʳϻǲϵģҶ˵ʼһĽᡣҶһֱҪΪҶսʲôġȻɱһҶս
ѾǱԼҪɱ˵ġԶŵĳĳ˳һߵĿܡڣһս֮ܵƵԶǰҶʵС
Ҳ˵ǰһĳˣһĳˣʱҶʸ˵ġ
һԵģֱӰҶսĳȫˣҶôܹĵءҶʾãԼ̵ľȥˣҲȥ׵ˡ
ȷʵǺǿ˵ҲʱˡʱѾ˵ġǣ˵˵ˣܹһµԶڵĿѪ˽ߵҶԼһϵĿֲѪͬдѪҺӿġ
ôҴ㲻ңҲһӦǱǿеĸһߵǲô׵ġһͬǻȥˡңڵ㻹ܹҵôҶʵ˵ŶԷƣнɫѪҺٵİס࣬ٵĴڲԶԺгȥ
ɫ˻ѪҺźǿҵĿƵõġ˫ǲöԷѪҺԼҳġǣҶǻԶţȻǿеĹעѪҺ
㡭ԶŭȻôĿסˡֱܴ衣
еĵڰƵʲһĪԶϢҲ仯ˣʱܹʧһԷҪߡǾǲ֪ʲôطȥ
ҶʹܲôĶˣҪֱӳְԶȻе
䡱ʱ򣬳ǿҵĲһ˶ģܼɫƬŵβʹҶʵıٵĳ˹
ۡβֱͣӻҶʵ壬д͸˳ȻһͷǰԶС
ҶʸоؿھʹѪҺҪǮӿ˳౻ֱӵˡеƣҲһ⣬ԶͬǱˡ
ҶʲЦû뵽ͻȻıʡҶֻһǿ壬ûа취תԼָôصˣȻˣע˾Ҫˡ
Զ֮ͬǰĴսѾǱҶʸľˡڻ˻ʵѪҺѹţͬûа취תԪ
ӵˣȻһһ𣬻һıȪһַ̡
һʶԶԺУܹӦһҶʶ֪ࡣԶɫǳĸӣҲ֪һЩʲôϵɫϵı任ĿҶʵ󣬿β͵ľͷ
ҶҲǻתӽɫ⣬ܹ͸һеͷһҶεĿꡣһ˸βͣǴǶ˵гġ
Ҷһ𺧣ôû뵽ϵ⿴εĲ֪ʲôȻǴ֮СȻҲεĻס
⵽ʲôͼıʲôҶ֪һЩˡ
ЦȻ˺һֱԷɱڹ֮ǰճԷˣ֪ʲô
ģҶܹһ˫޴ģɭޱȵӲ̵Ķط


889 ɽȣ
Ҷʷ·ǿǹԼЦЦȻ󻺻̽һֻצӡ
ҶһڵĲѪҺȫ˳һֻӽɫĴ֣˲˺գһѰսһȺ˶˽ȥ
Ҷʡ˶ֵĴУľҶʿܻ᳹׵ˡ
ߡҶʴȻɫĴһսǾͳ׵ʧˡ
ҶеĴʯͷȥˣ֮ᷢʲô飬ǾͲҶܹ֪ˡҶʣҲŲǸʱˡ
ոոʱֻɫľצͳ˳ֱץգ˳ùֱڿбѪڴ󲿷ֵǳ׵Զȥ˵ġ
ҲãȻǵõ£һͬ뷨ĹõҲ٣˻һʤˣ˵ǲǡƬ̣ԶЦţ˸ŵǷ
˵ĵ˾ѣȻޱȵΣգڸѾԼǵ˲ܾͷǳĲˣһԶԼԺеСˡȻǺܷϲģû˵̫һ㣬ԷӴôã֪ԷʵݣƱ˵ˡ
ǻǹɥĲİȷʵҲֻǲܹйͬԡҶޱȵ˵
ֻߵû˿õķѾΪ˶֣ܹıʲôԶʱЦšôҶʵҶʵеǲʣͻȻ÷ǳʹ졣
˲ѵġֻβйһֱסˣڻİʣ޼ڻܹ˵һ¾Ͷ˵ˡ
צһûУȻǷǳĲ˵ġ·ŭˣìͷתҶԶˡ
צӲϵգٵĳ˹ҶʾΡ
֮ǰкЩĹͷҶʶڿٵĻعԼһġһΣҶͬǾԼʶģȻһľԼԺпٵĹһ顣
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˼˰죬Լûɵһ顣Ǿǰ˿ô绨һⶼûлİûȢȻӣֵĶȹһ̫˵İ
˿ӺްⶼûȢ㣬ôĹ˰ҶþԼĺš
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˶ͻȻһŭ˽
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һֻӨİ׹Ǿצ̧۾צץ˹ȥײ˿ֲϢ
ɽе̫ǿˣҶѾǵǶˣǿ͸ΪҶʾãֻҪԸ⣬ԼֻǷַӵ顣
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㻹Ҫֵʲôʱ򣬻֡ɽеһŭ죬ٴε۾צ˹ȥ
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ȡһȣһٵƿնֻ˵ĴСϢѹȵƬڲ
⻹Ҷʵһμû뵽һġźǣǹڵסˣôҲ͸ʱռڲ׾ݽȥһ۾ǧꡣ
һӣǴɽеľצͱɵһߡڶεķŭ֮µĹٴεıˡ


890 صת
ŴεĹ赲ˣǹǳķŭֻצһ˳ˣŹɽеǿ߽ײ
ڿٵݣƬڤӶˡеˮǳŨȫȳޱȵڤˮ
ҺҶǰİսǶˣҪǳһĻǶҪȫĽˡ
ҶԶ壬ΪǱβ͸ţȻһΧĴսĳ֮ǰ˫Ͼ˿ڣ֮Ҳûһˡ
ҶԶҲҼʶսˡڹɽе𣬲һ˻һûκεļġһֱôļֲĵطȥ߶š
ҶǰҲԶսģΪ׵۷ӡڹɽеûֵȫıǾ˵ģԶԶĳ׵Ϊ
ǵǰҶʾԼǸո̤żСʿԷ׵ǿߡ
Ͷ䣬ܹƬŲһ֣ʵǳȡȻ˳ȥ
˫ս̫ڵļҵˣռ䶼ܲסˡƬڤǾ޴˼硣
ڤˮƵ˿ȥص׵綼ˡأɽս֮ȫڤ֮ϵĹµ
û˿ռϵĸǿֲսϢ˼硣û˲ɫģΪԽǿܾԽܶ˶궼ڲʱһ
սĵط˵Ǹ󶼳˵ģʱǳ׹䡣ն䣬ŭ𽿺ȻҰ޵˻һܹһС
ԵɽеǴھԵ·ġҪǹʱøӵ̣ҪɽеΧ޾ƴܵĳ˵ˡ
ˡٴεƿһʯͷ̵ľӳսСģŤŵգڲҶһ㶣ܿľϳˣһҲ˵ֻؾ
ֻؾϴҶʿĲͬһǿڲġҶһ㶣Ȼܿľ˹һĶҲһеڱˣȻ˹˲ս
ǾҵĲǿˡһ죬һֲ˳ȥ֮г˹ȥ
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һƿֲɹ⣬ײĻ֮ϣҵĲ֮󣬻ʧˡ
һֻ̽ľ޴צӣֻؾץȥһǡ
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ֻؾҲһƹâסҶʣôƫôࡣôһĸš
Ҷһͷˮ֪ԼһЩĹġ
ǵѻд󲿷ֵıҷʱռˣʱ޷ҵġ飬鷳ˡǿˣǳĿ顣ʹڵ£һǲһ˿̻Ϣġ
ȥǰ취Ǵ򲻹Ӵ֮УҪˣ鷳ˡɽе˳Ե÷ǳĽꡣû֮ǰ΢ʤȯƽˡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻˡֻؾдһȻҶʾ͸о޵ɱԼ
ҪЩı仯ͬҶʣЩĲ̡
ûдõİ취ˡֻؾеǿǳĹϣɱҲǲˡ
Ҷһ㶣ȻΪԼġôһתҪԼˡǲǹǶôԼҲǵİǾͬ顣
Сӣ㵽ǵ˶ٵˣԶҶһϵƣҶһΣ϶ӲȥˡЩͷҶʵµˡܹô޵еǿɱҲǹˡ
ˡֻؾ΢΢𶯣һֲĹâҶʳ˹ȥҪ˵ڵҶˣȫʢʱڵҶһǻᱻõġ
Ҷʱɫ޿κΣûа취Ҫûа취ޱȣڱİ롣
Զǳ鴤Ҷ̫Ҷʾ൱ڹͬûа취ܵġ
ɫβѸٵĶգҶԶ˲ľͱ任һλ


891 ǳˣ
ҶԶû뵽ıʡعû֮󣬶ǿЦõġ
ǸʲôԭҪģǵԭҪҶʵģͻȻˮҪҶʸС
Ҷʶ֪˵ʲôˣ̫Ĵ̼ˡ˱Ѿ˵ĳгǰ˻ȻбˡۿҪˣǿľˡ˼£ֲþȣɴ໹ŪԼˡҪŪԼģȴʱƴԼ
Ҷʣһ䣬ҪǣǰеֲֻצڲϵĸţβзǳˣȰ˵ҶʡҪҶӦϣȻ󷽱ǻɱ
ҶһͷĺߣҪΪǹ˵ģҶĺҪ˵ˡ
Ҫһվű𶯣Ȼɱ㣬ô졣ҲǹҶжȻĻҶҪһˡ
ڱ֮Уڼȡеһֵӡȥǽơһˣ˭ûа취ֹҶʵɫһ㶣Ȼ֪Լ˵ĻҶˣϽĿڽһ¡
Ҷһ㶣ĬĬĸӦһ¡һЩصӡǰûע⡣ڱβеˣڻİš˳βͣԶгȥ
ҶȻ֪ԼΪʲôЩصӡʵ顣ҶʺܷŭǰԼô
ãôϡҶʷǳϵľʹӦˡԼǱ˵ģֶܹľϲˡǹҪԼȥƽӡǻ˵ãƽ֮ܵ˿ô졣ԣҶʴӦ÷ǳĸɴࡣ
ֱɢʶҪʶϵͺˡһ£ûҶʽӴġΪҶʻּۻһģû뵽Ҷ˵ĸɴࡣùЩĲӦˡ
ãɣҲҶʵ˵ʶȫɢˣһ㶼û
ǵʶҲǿٵɢ˳Ҷʵʶһܹͨʶϵ׼ȷסҶʵλáβٶٿ죬ҲǱǵľˡ
ƺ֪Ҷǵ뷨βͿٵķ˻ȥڹķչǹˡ
ʱһڲϵĳٵҶǱƽβεĶǲܹӳ׷ġ
ǹɴһֻצӣİҶԶץСϵײǶûа취צӴá
צӣȻҪ˴еˡ


ˣоӨٵƿնٶȷɿ졣ÿһڵǾӨ͸ģĴ·۶ɵġ
žһ죬صĴצ֮ϡ
𡭡һ˳ȻһѶԷˡצӶ΢΢ɿһЩ
һӨֱӴѿצ͸˽ȥ΢΢һȻ֣Ҷ޵ʶϵϵʧˡ
һѪôı˳Ȼǿе۳Ϊһ壬˳
ֱ˹β֮УܹôҡΣûа취СɫѪҺδʶڴ֮ϡ
ǿеĳȡһķӡȻһŵѪСһѿʱռĲͱûûܹĲ׽Ƭ̡һ˵ѪҲ˽ȥպϣʲôӦˡ
𡭡𡭡𡭡ǹﱩŭˣһһӸ߰ӵķŭǴ֮д˳
顭顭顭һһľҵײǹڲϵײŴǿֲľ͸˳ľˣǵ˹ǵǰԶȥˡ
Ļ裬ϵĳצӣӡһһεֵӡǡǰצӻβͶȻ˴֮еˡ
ŭһӣǳ׵ʧˡ
ǰ˹ɽеǿ߾ɲʵ
ûеõӦҲֹԭͲ߱һ
ֻؾһĹâ֮ϣҪ̽һЩ
֮еĹâת׵ľ͸ֻؾĹâ̽顣
ԣһ˿ʶҲǰ˳ȥӦþڸղšڣֻһЩıˡȻâ赲ˣֻؾǷʲô˵
ú׼һս֮ϴеһõҲ׵İˣ˲


892 û
дĻǶһ㶡Ȼ˲ûǾ˽ǸˡӦǳ׵ʧˣһ
һǿ̬ġǸʱӦǹһսĿԵˡ
׼˺ֹţļֱġڣҪһˡɹսҪʧˣǾŽԿգһе׼֮ʲôûˡ
һɱ䣬ͬģһֶĲɹܹǬ֮ϡʧˣעǳ׵Ļ
ãǻȥڿ԰ʵָˣúӭǵսɽе𵭵˵Ȼһ˺Զȥˡ
ǣֻؾҲк˹һҲѿʧ
öҶʳʧķ˿Ȼɽһ̾ϢҲһʧԭء
һңôϷĽˡǰѹˣʱԵѹˣûܹ֪Ϊǳսܹġ
˼ѾǱڤˡڤеʬ嶼ʧˡʬҲǻʧˣˮͨˡģһЩˮ
ʺסģֻЩطڷΧȽϵĴ󡣾еĹµһ
ͬǿʼճϢһУѶûзһϾѾȥˣѾƽ˺ܾˡҪȥģܹһֱڹȥС
ֵһǣħɽ޶˵Ư˹ɽսǽһǵĻķΧǹһЩġ
˫ദǢûгڶһеĶٵľҪĴ½ʱʱ̿ŴҡҶΪʲôûзһ
Ҷʱ֮ʶ˺ڰ֮У֮һжӦˡ
ʶܹӦĶһƬĺڰʲôûСûй⣬̫ҶҲ֪ʱ䵽ûСǣԼһ̣ʱԼ˵Ѿֹͣˣһ̱㡣
ģҶʾԼƯڻƶͬǲ֪ʵģԼĴ
ҶֻǾԼۺۣҪ۾ȴ֣ȫûа취ǧ
ҶҪЦǷ򵥵ı鶼ûа취쵽ȫûһܹĿƵģʶеĲ֮⣬Ѿǳ׵ȥˡҶȫͲԼǻţˡ
ǻŵİɣ˵Ļôô߰뷨ء˵İɣطʲôûУԼ嶼֪û
ҶͻȻ룬ԼǲǱ˰׹ĴڣǸǿ߸ūˡȻججģ˶Էսū
Ҳ֪˶ãΪҶȫûа취жʱġͻȻ׹ˣȻʵ֮ϡΪʲôúΪҶʶΧֻģĸӦ̫ġ
ΧԪǳ棬Ҷʲ֪һʲôطԪеĹҶʵУҶǽǸɺ˵塣
Ҷʵ״̬ǺһЩˣ岻ôˡǹҶеԪȫܹҶճġڻ̲Ҷʵ塣
ĴսҶȫԻٵķʽƴǷǳľ޴ġûб飬ҶʵҲҪ˵ġ
ڣ⾫Ԫ̲¡ǽǱ˵壬ľ괺ϣ˻
Ҷʻǿ⣬ûа취ûа취۾˸оϢ״ҪһЩģûʲô
ҶҲżܹӣҶѾǷǳ֪ˡȣҶԼǷ񻹻ߣûа취жϵġڣȷԼŵˡȻǳһЩ⣬ʲôϵء
ˣֻҪߣһжϣġҶʳֹۡ
ǶսЩҲ֪һսôˡǳɹûУӦǳɹ˵İɡҪûгɹôԼһƬϢŨĵطء
ûʲôʶҲǻָЩܹӦһЩΧˣʶģޣķΧͬ޵ġ
ʶɢ˳ȥȻҶʾÿЦáڣԼΪһˡȷе˵ԼڳΪһɫԲˡһŵĽһ
ڣֻǡҶʵСҪıһ˵ĻǿЦõˡôͻȻˣҶǲ֪ˡ


893 ȥ
ҶͻȻ룬ҪԼķˡһǸҲܹٵģҲܹһС˼ҵİɡ
ܿģҶʾٴεķֲˡЩСӣҪǻһͯŵĴСҲ˵ҶʵĪıСˡ
žͺãžͺáҶѾ֪ôԼڵˣûа취˵ʶڵĲһ仰
ܹˣڷЩ߰ı仯ҶĲ֪ôݵˡ
ҶĵطһƬԣ޵Ļ䡣Ҷ΢ʶ̽鲻ͷƬԻǷǳĿɹ۾ˡ
ǧҪ˸˼ҵĻ԰ˡԼڵӣҪǱץסܽΪƷͺˡ֪ڵܹܲסҶûĵˡ
һֱС˹ˣ⻨ЪţþҶʵϡҶʾ÷ǳĿģôܹ˵Χ˻ݲҲûʲôĶǰҶʸﻵ˵ġһֻСѾҶЩϲˡ
СҶʵվûиоϢ˷ǳеë
ҶʷǳĿģҪСｻһ¡ʶȥӦС˼룬ǱȽϵɵ顣
Ҷʵʶո̽Сͱˣ˲ųԶȥˡ
֮ǰҶʵһ࣬ʵǰҶʸ˲С
֮ҲʱʱСҶʵЪϢȻҲһЩĶҶСĵʶȥӦЩϾ̫͵ˣ˼ǳĻҡҶʵʶǷǳĿ־ģҷҶ̽顣ҶʸӦϢޣǻ֪һСɽֲïܡΧҲĸɽԶЩͲ֪ˡ
ǰҶʸŪˣǰѾưˣӦûĵطŶ˵İôõͨɽڴ֮ǰпܿȫܵˡ
Ҷиһ⣬˿ôˣԼǻǲһʱˣ
֮ǰӡ˽꣬ҶʶͻȻİоǳĺ¡Ǽˣ֮ǰŬ׷˵ô
ȻмУҲûκεİ취˼ĵطġҶҪҸӦһЩļƻ˵ġ
Ȼżޱȣȴûκεİ취ģҶƽʲôطһѾˣԼѾˣֻˡ
ҶʿʼרĵĵԼ壬ʵ̫ڵˡΧԪܹ̲Ҷʵ壬Ҷ˻ָĿܡ
Ҷʳתǲû˿áһ类֮ǰԼѾǱˣɥʧԪʱˡǲ֪壬ܹ֮ܲǰҪûԼ
ܿģҶʻϲ͵ˡʱ̫ˣ꣬ɹϺΧ˺üˣѩҲǽ˺üεˡ
ҶʻţһܶġͱˣԪҲΪƵһޡ
ҶʾúǷ꣬ȥֱġҶͻȻֵ뵽һԼﵱһӵʯͷİɡȻһöĿģһصģ⻹ʯͷʲôܹ˵ʲôܹҪɱǰ첻ġ
ΧԻĿݰܵ䣬ϡѿĳɳ˳ֲꡣȻֿήһֻء
Ҷûע⣬ֻǴȻе˵󡣵ڣһоͷԼΧҶеһԱһĹ۲ߡ
ֻأҶʾȻ͸˲ֶ֡ΣҲһЩ˽ˡɱ̫أעصֻһƷҶעصһеĶġ
һ죬һЩҶʵʶҲǸǿһЩѾܹҶĵˡһţʲôˣǱСɽһĴСʲôء
ת˲ģҶͻȻ뵽ҪԼСɽһĴСǽӲӵôһ磬İɡ
ҶҲ롣ֲͨ仯ʵʵڵı仯ҪıСɽһĴСˣǲΪ˹˵İ
ôӴ壬ҪôĵطܹءΧһƬԼĻԣᱻԼѹ˵İɡ
ȥֹ˼ֻءҶʵϸһ㳾ˣôĹʣıһ̵̦޺


894 Ϊ˰񻨶
ڣҶѾˡÿܹԼһֻϣҶʾͷǳĿģܹһˡ
ܹҹҲûʲôҶҲ˯ϰˡ
үү˵Ƕôˣôûҵ񻨵أһ۵ŨŨƣ롣
Сɽֲïʢľ죬۹͸϶ּС·ϣֻ˰߲ӰӡһһСӰ᫵ɽ·ϻ˵ɽ·ʵЩǣǿġֻɽıԵشһЩӲʯֲףʴ˲ľҪһЩ
ǰ棬һѷĲնͯĻֲͣһ¶ͷĺˮǿɽȥ
ɽ𼱣ҪôҵǾͲôˡ߰ѣֿҪˣҪһʵĵطҹ˵˵һӡ
үүôȥʲôʱܹҵء̿ǵȲ˶˵İӵݳԼ֣ΪһЩͶֲѰĺһ෴ЩĴֲڣһЩϼ롣
˽Ⱥɽ֮һ֮ͨеһԱвǷǳĸԣǹķǳĿġ˻һϰ飬˾ɽĺӡ˵ȫ
ɥӣϱ˫˫ȥֻɽΪ
˰ȫİɽĺӣȻ࣬ǷǳĿ֡ɽҲûʲôȺãƢºͣТˡȻףǳŸһЩũ
ⱾҸֵһ˵ġͻȻһ죬ϰͻȻز˺ܴĴۣñƶļҾӵƶˡ
ǣⲡûһ˿ĺתԽԽӵˡֱһ죬һǿ·ʵǿڿһˮȡ֪˵˹ֲԴĿһ£ǣܵ䣬ܵ˲ȶ˵ġ
Ѱҽҩȫûа취ҲġҪ䣬ֻɽѰҵǰ񻨡ֻܹȶ
ɽ֮ԱΪɽΪɽ̫ӴˣͨһûΣնûа취˫ȥġοɽеʮֵΣաûκεΪ嶼ܹɱǿʿ
ɽ֮ԱΪɽΪʿһ̤룬漴ĳɽеκһط˲ʧɽеҲǣʴˣʿٻ̤ġ
ǣɽȻޱȵΣաҲкܴĻܶ˵ʿôǰѡɽУܹܲѰǱҩֱսɽҲǸѡ
ݴɽоһ滨񻨡ģסͨ˵ֻ꣬һ̣ʿܹԼʶΪܹ޹ӽոճ״̬߻ħܹ׵ĸش
ܶʿ֮ͣҪõԼֲҽֻи߼۵ίһЩ˽ɽȥժȡˣסɽСǷ
˵ĶϱҲΪǽɽժȡɽУҲûгֹˡ
໺𡭡һХɭһɫٵĳ˳ɽ˹ȥ
˴󾪣ǲҡϽĳһֱͻ˹ȥ
Ľ˳˲Ͱͻˡ
Ȼǽɽ֮ǰǸĵʿ˵ġʿȻûа취ܹԼȫĹȻ󽻸ɽͨá
һεİ취Ҳõİ취ܣЩǳ鷳ķѵ󣬶һ׳ɹ
ҲֻܹЩûԱķܹܵĴȻҵ񻨲ҴĿһЩ
үүֵһˣֻʣˡܹŵҵôɽЩɲ˵Ȼո鲻ǵһˣǻһ
һ˵ţɽٵǰİϻƤƤëϵ˯ȡůáһЩ⣬Ҳ΢Ŀһ¾ܹʳˡ
İɣǾͿҪˡ˵ɽ˵ǳĿ϶
үүΪʲôôĿ϶أɽɻĻͷүүѾֹһεô˵ˡܹҵһɽҲҪȥԼ̡
Ϊүүʱȥһ䡣ûˣңѾǿҪĿĵˡһӴ𰸡
ʱɽŵܹȥһö


895 ֻرӦ
ڣɽ֪Ϊʲôүү϶Сɽˡ
Сɽ˵ѡģҲߵġҲпԵġɽµʱүү϶СɽϷȥ
ɽҲ϶һɽͷа񻨵ġȻүүôļ֣ɽҲүү˵ˡ
һ·ϣѾ˺üεķˡȻÿһζ׼õˡǴӱ˵Ŀ˵ĽжԱȣͷ˺ܲһ
ȣеһĸӵĴү˵Ǻ£ܹõıˡΣɽϵ̫ˡЩʵɽûô
үүô˵ɽ˲˹񻨣Щ˵ǿġЩޣЩкǿĸӦˡܹѡСɽҲǷǳˡ
ҲҺɽΧشⰲȻ񻨡ǴҲǷǳεģȥΪֻܹĹʶӵײ׽ص־
ңһжֻܹȥһ䣬ûʲôáҪҲûãԲû̫ǿػ޵ġĻôܻᱻ˵õء
үү㵱ôҵءɽܿľʰϻٵãȻүү·ˡ
ʱүүҲǷǳġҲӶɽҰ񻨡үүãǱ׷ӵСɽϵġַǳĲɽҵ˰񻨡ɽһѾ֦Ҷïˡɽп˵ľȻǴ˻ϻӡֻ˵˵Ҳûʲôġ
ûпʲôرôɽҡҡͷ
Ȼرˣүүɽʱеһö͸ɽңɽġʣµҺˣҾСɽ¡ЦǺǵ˵뵽ʱ򱻻׷ɽܵˡ
֮飬ûж˵ˡȻһξҵ˺ֻܶ࣬ȥһ䡣ȻǴˣٵ˶߼۹Ӷ
Ǯ죬ʹӦˣȻǡеʧģǳġһο˵ǴδζǾͿ϶ˡĿ£Ǳ˴Ķࡣ
͸ӵˣŵ˾͸ˡˣѾǸɲˡʱһǮȢ޹ӣǹ˵ˣĻǳĸԣ
˸ӣ⿪ʹˣ۵ĲƸܿľùˡȢһƯĹɵţѸӵĴˡ
ʿǼǼȥˣһ˵ȷʵǲ֮ǰˡͰͷĶӵˡֻҪĶͬˣ϶ͻԼľ߶ӵģһкܴĿԴġ
˵£Ķͬˡϱɽȥˣֻһ겻ӡȻϱһνɽˡ
Ҫһ£ϰ鶼Ҫˡϰһ֮´󲡲еĻǺľˡԴҲˣһеöΪɽΪɽʧȥһУһֻǱӦ
©ƫҹ꣬ϰʱˡҺһʿһСӾͽɽˡϰиҪõչˡ
ԣ񻨣ǷǳĵִģҪΪûа취ˡǾԲˡ
֮ǴɽΪ֪ӦûмԻȥˡӽһ·Դ̣Լ֪ĶҲǸɽһ·ϣһ·Զᱻϡ
ɽĴ˵̫ˣ˶ޱȵļɵԽǿʿԽǲҿЩˣҲɵ˰ɡ
ɽǾｫһܹɽˡϢΧܹǵϢܿľһ򣬴Ȼ󶪸ɽ
ʱɽѾǷǳĽˡɫܿҪˣҹΣջࡣǵɽɽҲ˶ܹܵסġ
ʴˣ⿿ɽλӪòˡһܹɽɵ˰ܹ֮ǰɽ
ɽҲֽٵүүнӹһľУȻ֮ǰĻƤ£ԭһĻƤԱߡ
СӡһеĶȻǱ˵ģЦɽԴһĴ顣


896 үүи
ꡭꡭ
һҶʾͱˣôˣǵһҶʾޱȵɻ󣬲֪Ƿʲô顣
үү㣬Ҫɡһ۵˹ΪЩľ룬˵ҲرĴҶЩģ
û£ˣܹ˳ɽˡϣܹⰲˡ۵ո£һϵд˹
֮ģһЩҶʱˣӦ֦˵
Ҷʼôˡ⻹ǵһ࣬Ҷ̫Ҫ˽ˡ
ҶʶѾǾ˵ġÿľһʯͷһѹ췢żСӹͨһ¡һôĹȥˣȻ͵˯ʱˡ
ģҶʾԼʶЩĳٶ۵ˡҶĺһԼôĳ׵ķˡǱųȥˣʯͷûʲôˡ
˼ľʶٶۣǻȥʲôôء
ҶҪҪ㷢ԼеĿĵǣҶֻʶܹǱһɫ˴ʶ
ɽǳĿûʲôʯʲôġֻвɽҰݣҰݲߣոչףޱȡ
ɽҲûʲôΣգһ۾ܹ⣬ܹʲôΣء
ɽм䣬һƬĻԡп˸ɫĻ䣬˵ǰٻޣһ㶼ûпš
ǲ⻨εεޡûа취ڸסǻСΧһԻġ
ǻǶôĸߴĸߵ͡ɫ˵ôɫǳȻϣһЩںϳɫʡ⻨ǰɫģƽɫ
ǻͷǳأһǰƮƮ貨һͷǳĲзɵɡһۣ񶼻ᰲȥǶôĸ꣬˲ƽ
ɽǵһο񻨣֮ǰޱȵϲãȸԾ˼Сǿ׵Ļʱ˶Ǹˣǲûôľˡ
үүǾǰ񻨰ɡ̫ÿˡɽ˵ϲ
Ǿǰ񻨡ҲǸоǶص˰ɡүүһμʱҲһġȻ֪˵ʲô϶һۿľǰ񻨡ûа취񻨾ôĶء
Ҷʰ̣ʲôÿģûм档ҶʿһֻҪʲôƯ񻨣Ǻ˵ľôֵİɡȷʵͦеģҶûз裬Щ񻨹ûȻô¶ƶ˵Ҷͷˡ
үү˵ɽûǲǾⰲ񻨵ĹͣɽͻȻڣ˵һ仰
ţɽôͻȻô˵һ£ɽôͻȻ˵ֵֹġ
ûⰲ񻨾ʲôƢûˡ޴ɱûˣǻôءͻȻͷ˵ͷ
ɽһ㶣ȻЦǰûôһ˵ġ
ˣҴȥժⰲ񻨡ӵ֣ǻȥ
䱻ײҡҷɢ˵Ļ㡣ǻǱһƵĲŨѹȥˣ˾ֻζŲˡ
񻨾һֻءÿһ֮ϵĸͻһȦ׺ۣŵˡ˾ûˡүүҴȥģһģģĶȥķ̫󡣡Ĳԣָǰ񻨵ĸɽ˵
ǰһǾģһ궬ͻữУٳ
Ҷʶһ£ǰͿߵĻеȻµĳҶʶûôĶࡣҵר
˵ժǰһ䰲񻨣Ȼݸӡ䣬񻨿ٵĿήɢУһССҲȥˡ
ҳһ䣬ǲʿôֻǾþҪú֮ܶ࣬һҪϲٵġȥɡ˵
ɽ׵Ļ꣬óΪУǵӵŨ˵񶼸ųˡƮƮɣľ貨ҪһɽǷǳľġ
ȰĿӣҲţֻ΢Цվһ߿š
꣬Լոҵ񻨵ʱ򡣾а񻨵İĵãԼҲԶڵɽġ
ףүү쿴үүи򡣡ɽͻȻһ£ȻָŻԶߵ˵λãպܹ͸ǻĸķ϶档


897 Ϊ˺ӣ
ӵľϽĲ˰񻨴ԡȻھеľһ黹ǱȽϴʯͷʯͷԲֱֲ̦ĸڵסˡ
ԣһʼûзʯͷ
һʯʲôֵġ˺ˣȥѰ񻨳ԵȻٲժһ䣬֮ǰܹɽȥɽܹ˵ġûзʲôرģȻߴɽͬʱǰ˻
סڸոֵʱʯͷ΢Ļζһ¡֪ԼۻˣǶһ¡
Ҫջ˫֣ͽסˡٴεϸĴ
Ҷǰѳ̵óˣǻûԼ΢ĻζѾҶܹļ޵ˡ
ҶĺҪһһٵˡԼô޼۵ĶȻ޶Եģʲô񰡣Ҳ̫һİɡҪԼôƴܹԼĲ
ͷûϹۣҶֳĶ㹻ֵˣųɹע⡣
壬һԲʯͷļʵʵ죬ûʲôҲûзʲôΣաų׵ķ
ûмȥᶯΧǰ񻨣̫ڵĽһŲͻᱻѹˡȻ˵ֻһȥ̣Ҳǻ᲻ġ
նĲ񵶣ʱóˡİʯͷı棬Ȼ΢΢ڴ̶ĽĦУʹһ̦޺
˻̦޺һ飬־ǷĲ񵶵Ħʯͷ֮ϣдƬ򷢳ǿҵĽ⡣
΢΢۾ӦǿҵĽ⡣ʱҲ̫ɳ̫ˣͻȻؼղɢġ
үүôһǴȥܹˡɽվıȽϵԶܹ֮ǰɽ̦޺Ƥ¶һĽɽǿķǳġ
ϾԣҴûпôһӡǰڼֵǮĶʮ֮һġˣ򣬾аУֹסɽġ
ҲǷǳĿġһΰȫҵ˰ѾˡͻȻôһĽӣȫ֮ϲˡβģɻʲôġӴȥܹһ˹Ϸǳõˡ
ɽеĲ񵶵˿ϣԣҪȥ˼£Щ
ɽֵġɽкţһԵҲæһ¡
߷ɽһԾԾԵӵˣүүĺߣŻг˹ȥ
ɽϾЩ㣬ȻǳˣˣѾ·ˡ
Ǻᶯһӻûʲôġүһͬɫǵͨ죬ǰӸȥˡ
Ǳ̵̦޺һһı¶ĽƵĲλҲԽԽࡣ֪ΪΣү˵ĺЩĴˡ
Ĳǽܹ֮ץ졣һ̦޺ҲӲӵô¶˳
үүڲóԲˡȫģȫġ꼤ôǷĵĿ֣ᡣ
ǵģȥѰ񻨳ԵȻǰȥ۾ˣһ件Ȼ˵û˼ֻǷĵĸˡ뵽˺ܶ࣬Զͬ˳ӣЩǳ̫Ŀͷˡ
껹пƵģ˹ܿľ뵽¡һĽȻͰеİµĸȥˡһصϢʼɢ˳ֵĴ·裬Ǳ˵塣
ҶѾǵһμˣңһһΡÿξİ񻨵ʱ򣬾ͻͬҶʾڰ񻨴ԵУǴͰҶʷ裬ǶصϢҶʡ
үүɽܿľ˹һûʲôֵ鷢ͻȻ书ʲôġֻһ˫ӣķҹеǳһԡ
ٴεĲժһһĻ䣬ϰĲ㹻˵ģ뻳дáȻһһСİᶯŽɽȥ
·ò񵶿һЩ֯һǽŽȥȻšȻ˵ǷǳĳأǱȰҪ˲ٵˡ
ҶԼ֪Լٲֵй¶˳ȥΧɽ·ϲûκεΣա


898 ǳˣ
һ·ϲûʲô鷳飬Ȼ֮ǰɽ¡ɽǷǳѵģҰ޵ķҪԼһ·ɽ˳·߾ˣûʲôΣգȻǺܿġ
ûмųɽʱȥ̫ڵΣաҿ֪Լɽ˵ģ϶һЩڰеĹ۲ġϵĳȥ˶֪˭ɵģȥͻһЩ
ɽŵԱߣҶʾͱĸү˿ڽʳΧǴиͷȻù˾Ӵˡ
үʱӳļڡϵ˶ޣɽŪһѣԵǽζġζڼǸ֭˶ˡ
ϰܹˣؿڵİ˯ĺ̤ʵžܹϺˣܹԺúȺôõģŽҲ˯ķǳ̤ʵ
һҶʳû˯ڳɽҶʱү˸ӵļɽʺĵطҶʹˣȴûκεİ취
񣬽ɽѰүǰԼɽˡҶһ뵽ܹȥӴ磬ôܻ᲻ء
ҶʿкܶʵģʲôݣĸʲôġûڤһսҶкܶҪġ
ҶʣгˣҶʶҵĲҪǲܹ˵Ҷǻһɤӵġ
ҶʵʶǿҵĲǰү˶˵ġ˶һɻ󣬻ΪǾ̫ˣһֵΡ
ʱѾˣ̫ȻûΧһѾܹµĿˡʱҶ˯˯ʱΣʱȥõˡ
үٴε·ˣһĽɽȥ
ɽΧûʲôԲı־ע⣬̤ɽķΧǲ֪ġ
ǣСĵֻ̤ǶԷ˵ġʿܹоһֵֺĲ֪µķΧʲôطȻǲ῿ˡ
Ȼ˵ܹĽ룬ɽΧҲûʲô޳ûǳڶδ֪Ŀ־ҲǸɽһľסġ
ڸոҶڴϢ˯Ȼû˵ġүСǽ򣬻ĳɽ
ڳɽһɲǣҶʵǿҵ𶯵ģоһĪϤޱȵİҶɻޱȡȵҶҪϸϸȥӦʱѾǳɽķΧˣʲôӦ
ʱɽĵش滷ɽмһݵɽȣɽдУҩضǡǿĵżɢĺ⣬ܹһС
ɽȵλãһ̫ߴˣƲ㣬ͷ
ҶʸоĪϢʱͬǾҵһӵġ
һһСҶ뿪ͬʱֽ߳һӰ֮ǰһжУү뿪ķ˸ĪĹʡǺһӰҲٵʧֽٴεĻָ
ү˵ķСӵıԵشģЩĲȺʱٺò˵ġûоκˣү˾ͻصԼӡ
Ŵôô˰ӣһˣƫƫˡⲻ鷳ͷӴȥɽҪͷչˡʲô춯ڴһϸ˵
̣ңɽǻˡɽʱĿڣӹϸ˵ĻҲϸ˰ġ
һ˵ţɽڷһεĽ䣬Ҷʸ˽ȥغáƥﻳɽССĻ֪ġ
ӣ˵ʲôءⲻĺúõôϹ˵ϹʲôءҲǹغ˷˽ˣߵ˴ϰ˵˵
̣ҵ˰ˣܹܿġɽǳĿģȻıȽϵ磬ȴû˯⣬ͷʮ㡣ңǴһĽӣܹǺúõˡ
ʲôⲻȥ͵ȥ˰ɡ̫̫󾪣žҪ
ʲôͶģһôĽӵôڲժ񻨵ʱֵģ˴˰ͷס̫Ͻڽš
ô˵ɽˣ̫̫Ǻܿľ뵽һ顣
ˣˣܲôҲǸһĻ·Ҹ˵ˣ򲻵ѲҪȥȻ֪ϰ˵ʲôЩε˵
˵嶼̫ãʱģɽСһԼ·


899 ƭ֣
ɽȥժһ㶼Ϊģһ·ôɣûʲô鷳顣ֻҪԼߴ·Ҵһʵǿʿ㹻ǿܹ׵İѰ񻨴ġ
ҲѧүүˣһԵĴһĳһʱȥһΣԼպöȣѰһǿʿӻһܹķǳĺõġ
ɽһТ˳ĺӣүү̲ġ֮Զ԰񻨶ɽ˵ĵִΪĸ˫ԭİɡ
Ịִ֪̇ġӦүү򲻵ѵʱ򣬾Բȥժ񻨵ġɽҪ̸ӵĵģֻԱ֤ˡ
ӣˡһͥϸˣԽԽöԲסӡҾѾǺܺ˵ģಡ˼ǮľҪһЩļֱƵүȥɽ
̣ɽҲޣءһıĺӶᣬұǶб¡Сܵ˴ߣץסϸһֻɿݵůĴ֣Ħš
˺ˣѰ񻨳ȥܹܿˡ˵Щ߰ĵʲôأԺӻءòڴˣͷģȥҶҪŪˡ
Ҷʴڽ䣬ееܹġɽӣҶǷǳĽȻ˵ǹĿһЩһ۰Լˣоôů
ҶͻȻԼǷǶʱ䣬ͬǹĺܲҵġõģԵͬǲõġ븸һ𣬸оһУоʲôںˡǴֲ赭Ե÷ǳĿģõζ
Իȡǰ񻨣һʱ䣬Ӷ㡣ôҵ˼ʲôʹʲôĶˡ
Ǹ˵һӣǴµһĻһţ˼ˮİͻȻһг˳еһС
˭˲պеİ񻨣ʵ
ϼһŶãͲʶ˰һεڣһ⴫˽Ųƿǽյķš
㣡ɫ΢䣬÷ǳÿеĹ߷ǳİ˿С˵Ҫȥĵط˵ôôȥʱء
˸磬ʲôأɽЩףĵĸ磬ôʱôķʽءңԼүүҲôĲƣ֮ǰĿ
ɽȥһסӣȻ
ѾԤеʲôˣִܻ鷳һɥǿܵġ뵽Ĳϵ³ԷʿֻǷˡг˾СӣԷ׳ꡣôûʤġ
˸硣ƺҲҵƤ᲻˼ġǳſ񣬹ЦšĶؿڣһ񻨣н䴦һֵĶҲǴеĿꡣ
ɣǲǳĻȣ˷ܵԼ촽˼ڤĶܹõ˵İ
ʲôһҼͽıڵˣʲôûСۣϣڶԷûпǿԷɫ̬ȣȻǲܵˡ
Ҳǲܹȥģȥˣϰôأ
װˣ㻳еİ񻨣㽻ɡǲͷˣֱˡҪǰ̫ڵĽƸŪˣֱӾɱ˱ˡ
ǣ㣬ҵϰô죿ĳ˹ȵףϣˣţϣ˵Է
㻹ôϰ鱾ûʲô⣬䲻µġΪľҪɽȥҲժ񻨡ҪôһòȥɣԹԵĽɽôһļһĳЦжһĿУһͬϣǳаЩ
һû뵽ôĻ¡ǰ֣ôϰôֵĲľһжûа취κáʿһͿˣȻҪɽеİ񻨡
񻨶˵̫ˣҲǻɹġȷʵûʲô취껹ǵһЩȻֱˡһЩ죬žӽɽժ񻨵ġ
û뵽Ȼ˱˵ȦסһеһУһı嶼΢΢ĲߵģҲǷŭ
ǣʲô취ءԼߣԷͲϵģԼԶԷȫûһвġ


900 Ļ
ԼϰʱҲǹˣҲˣҲ˼ӡΪӵģӻᣬҪǾͷǳĲֵˡ
Һ֪Ǵʲôʱʼֵġô֪һܹġ꣬קǰ񻨣ֻҪһ룬ֱܹӰ顣
ʱѾûˡԷܷԼһĻ·ġڣĺʱɽȥժ񻨵ˡ
ʱһֱΪһ˵飬ԼĶ͡ȻΪα˶ҲԼȴܹ׵ҵ
ʱ򣬶ȥͽıڡΪһĺôһǻջһıġ
ڣǺⰲˡʱĻùˣΪⰲ񻨰ԼĶӶϱȥˡΪⰲ񻨣˵ԼһˡΪⰲ񻨣Լӿܶȥˡ
ССһ䰲񻨣ȫǰһ˵ĺ·Ͼ˰
뵽ֻıƥﻳﰡⰡ
ϼһڻҪʱôһ۾Ϳ뷨ֱӵˣȴû̵Ķ֡Ѿʤˣһèץ̬˵ˣ񻨻ڶԷץţҪһŪô졣
㻹ʲôǶסˣĺܺ棬Ϊʲôͼһܹ񻨡ɫ糣ûʲô仯ⱾʱģҿԷӣĦԷ̬һЩɪģǻ˵ġ
Ҳ޷ΧûʲôĽɫѾʩչ˸Ľ磬ǷҲЦһԵõɫ
ϵ츳ǶôĳڵģܹнΪȫŬΪܵĳЦġʿܲ˵ǣشĸӦޱȵģһĿܶû˵ġ
Ųòע˰档ǰ񻨱ͲѰҵҪһʵĳ͡ΪУķѵǱ˵ʮͲԣĶĽҡһǮİ취
Ĵ֪ʱ򳣳񻨡ɹļǱ˵ʮ֮࣬ûдҲܹͬȫ˵ġ
ĿˡѾǺܾöȥɽˣĶӶ֮ȫҵʵˣҲṳ̂ɽôҶΪʱʹȻ˽ȥΣˣûôġ
Ҷޱȵͬ飬Ϊʱ̫ˡ۷ڵʱͿʼ·ˣвŷô顣
겻ôΪܾ϶⣬һԼ·ȻôܻôõһֱķǳĹ죬ֱޱȵšΪֱõٵĺô
һߴ̽õϢһߵ׼̻һЩ
ڣ̽һеһļƻлĸ˳ˡǰʿֶΣϸˡϸ˵״ԽԽ
͵סӵģһֱǿû̵ĳ֡ȵϵıҲϵѰҽβ֪Ѽӻһգ궼ûг֡
ͨͨһˣȻûʿע⡣ҵֶһЩҽη˵ķҽôܹʿֶεء
ȵһͶ·ˣʱʿ֡취ӽһġСݡȻ󡰵֪ϸ˹ֲŽݲ鿴΢ʩչһЩֶΣһ£Ȼ˵С
ɫϽ׷ʡŤ˵Ҫ񻨡
ʱоһģһЩľ衣񻨶˵̫رˣʱͻȻ˵Ҫ񻨲ܹκá
ʱûдӦֻ˵ǿǡȻʹҽҽһͷͬ취
žҪȥɽġʿڳƵˮ֮ӿȪ౨ӲǸһӵʿ߶Ԫʱ㣬һЩӦҲǷǳ顣ûж룬ȷʵҪͽˡ
ɽȥˣһֱû뿪Ҳû¶档ɽⲿһطУֻҪСһЩͨǷֲ˵ġЩʿҲǲԸ⿿ġ
һһĶڰ۲ŶֻҪǳ϶Ҫؼҵġ
ǰտʼʱһ֣ͱ귢˵һĻ


901 ҵĳŵҲţ
ĻǴͷ˽šԷŶͣΪ˴ﵽԼĿģôµĻ
һļƻǽޱȣ۵ġ굱ʱǾտݼȫҲκεĿɵ
ܹ¶ĵط˵Ҫ񻨵Ǹʱ򡣵ǸʱһϣȫͿڼѯҽȷȷʵֿԵʱųɹʵʩȥ
ֻһʣǾǸҽǲҲǱˡ
öˣǸҽȫͲ֪κε̫ӣðȷʵܹƵġǰôصĶˣ˭һ̫ŵĲءûеһʱ뵽Ҳ֮еġеĲϱ任˲֪һЩʲôûеȶԷѯʣֱӾ˵˴𰸣Ҫܹװ׵·һ
ĺܻɣƻûгɹĻ᲻ỹļƻڵԼȽȥ
嶼Щ΢΢ĲˡҪǲܹҲʧȥҪһƨȥˣ̫ˡ
ϲģҲˡֻһҪ󣬰ҵӷߡСҲʿʲôвġһƽѾ֪ԼǱɵˡ
УֻҪű̫ˡҲҪһȷţһһһǿѰô졣ҡҡͷӦڰѶңһ̫ҡ
ӣȻһеİ񻨾ܹȥȻ̽ôӦ֪񻨺Ǵġһˣ˲ͻʧȥáôܻӦΣҪԼܹ
㡭ܷŭһֻСϣҪԼ̸ǰһƾͽһ֡˺ܾã˫˭ûáϢһйʱջȥһֻš
ãҴӦ㡣Сӣһ㣬ҪǰؼĻáҪȥѧһЩèĹǾͲҪҲˡ׺ݵ˵ѣǾ档
ɽߡɽʹһɫɽ뿪
ҲҪүүҲҪߡҪһǶˣԼһ˻Ҳûκε˼ɽʱˣ䲻֡
˶ߡҪռҾôľôݺᣬϵĹл˵ϣˤ÷顣
ҲҪߡүүҲҪߡɽϵĿţ˺ѷΡϸ˶תӣĿǰһĻ
žһʵʵĶ⣬ɽİ˲ľͺˡ
ɽͻȻˣĿĬĬᡣ
ҹŭ𣬿ǳˡɽıסˣ⻹ûмүүôĿ¡
ĬĬĴӵɽȥ
վסǽǸߡһЩǮܹһʱ䡣뿪ˣҲ΢΢ķһ㡣ô뿪ҲǸ취һС޿ģôܻȥءǵӰѶߡ
ţǶ£Ҫˡ국˵ͬʱǽȥ
ɽǺ˼뿪һεľ롣İĿ⿴Լүү
꣬²ҪˡһߡһСӣ޿ģҪûһ治ȥġãҪûһǮɽû𲻴ˣǳļû
ǿѹһŭҪĶڶԷϣ겻òͷġ
ã̰֮ѶҡҪˣթҲҪˣȥɱ޺޵˵һɱ¶
ģֻҪҵȫȻġǳ̹ȻûбԷŵûʲôôˣܻȡһˡڴ˿̵˵öˡ
֮ǰļ׵϶ڣɽŷȥ
һεǳϣǶ˵ʲôġֱһӣСԺеϾʧˣŶոԶȥˡ


дѹֵ˼µĲҽУǳĶ̣ûдݳȥĲ̫Զˡ
һ˲䣬۾ͺˡ֪Լүү̣Լ˾ôԶȥˡ
УŰ񻨣ǲû̵ĳȥ
ϼһҵĳŵҲţֱΡȻǳС֧ˣܹвǡЦЦݷǳĲ̡


902 ȸˣ
зǳĿֱֲǱˣɺѪˮķӡϾɵķһӱɫĺ졣
ǲ̬ˣûжܣѪۡɺͷһ£һܡ
һӣʲôȥ
ɽС壬ǳصĽĿšβģҪȼһɽûƬ̵֪ͣһͣˣͻᶪ
ĶͻȻˣɽһԼ˵ϡϥǱˣһĿӡɽûиоһϽȴȫûа취ˡ
СܵͦİһɽĶУɽ嶼һ¡
彩ӲתͿһϻѪҺʵӰǸոմӵеѪĶһһֻŲһ֮ϣӦþǵɽͻȻˤԭ
ɽûпҲû֣ûġֻǵĿ꣬еĿ־ȫͱŭѹȥˡ
ǳҵԤϰһΪẦµĻȥģֱӵķû뵽һ֣ҾһʼûҪŹǷǳȷѡ񡣡üͷЦ
ΪܹŻסԷֶԷһֿɵƵĿ⿴ģ˲ʧȥеȤˡ
һɽһƲһķ˹ȻһֻѪɫĴŸ˽µĽ֮ϡ
껺Ķˣ·ĨĨմȾһЩѪҺȻС
ôܸ԰ɡҶ֪үүѪҺ̵ѪҺ˵ĻϵѪҺɣȻôôĸζءһаЦݣħ
ɽſڣҧԼеָҪһָҧһ
˻ʹһȻĳԼָʼԪģǾӡ
ɽûκεĶֻᣬնʧȥеɫʡҪǻкûʲôˡ
ǱĹ̵ỺĻӵǽ֮ϡһĹȻ˽ȥˡ
СӣǲǲǾһҸǣƫҪ㣬Ȼֺһӡ̫ˡþûôˡԪתһӣȻܿľͻָ˹ˡ
ɽûκεһֻֻ֪ľżһĬĬᣬҲûĶˡ
СӣװŲҴȥȻȫѪˮ겻ˣòɽĻӦһ˼ûеġ
һµġɽǿˣмѹһ޺޵˵ĺ޲ҧħȻȸϽѪԹ⡣
Сӣµ֮ǰ㶼ˡⱲӶǼһˡ껺ĿɽԴΪ֮ǰҾͻһһİɱ
ģķϻࡣҪڱĵط˵ҲˣȻܵСүҵ˵徲ʿСѵʱСҪ˵ʱͻȻһг
ͻȻֵСѺʿһıĻ棬ΪͻȻгһ˲ͱһ˿ϲɫʡȻˣֻܹǺɫĬ
ֵ̫ͻȻˣûκεףôͻأľͳˡɽͱŵòˣڸɵҲʲôʵ飬ոջ̵Ūûл֮ˡˣ˵ĵ㱻ˡ
꿴һײеˣʵľֱſˣӡ
˭˭װŪģҳǾЩӣ⻹ûԷĽӴͱųˡԼǰֵ˵Ĳģǲˬ
װðǵҵ溰ɱĴˡĿСѣû갡СүĺҪһġͻȻֵȻǽеҶˣףôܹ˵ˡԣôܹ˵ˣ
ҶֵģѵһŻع֮ǰһֱֻʶģܹ˵ȴܹ˵ˡҶȶûע⵽ֱ˶סˣѯˡҶŷӦ˹
ӵľˣԷӦþǰǸŶԡ겢ûиоϢδ֪Ŀ־Ҫˡ


903 ҺûС
ûпǣɽ˫бԼŵĶʱɢŵĽ⡣ң֮һѷ죬ڻӣܿľͰסĽˡ
΢΢𶯣ң֮ǰǴзġ
뵽ɽ;һ亹ͯûһЩɽеɹֵĹ¡ʱĳģ޲ԼǳħĴǶɽеͶһЩη塣
Ȼ˵үүһȥһεɽоĹȫһһõ˲ٵĺô
ڽЩɽûûмı仯ɽ˲Ľˡ
ɽԴпٵİԼĹ¹һ飬ʲôܹڵϵġȥҲֻǸʯͷбĳһࡣԼǽ򣬱ͨʯͷҪǿһЩӦóһĺӰɡ
ԽԽǿңܿɽ治סˣϽı۾ʵ̫ˡ
ǲ˵꣬ʱҲǷĲԵˡֻҪ۾ûϹܹߵı仯
ꡱһһĽǰ˵ϣʯ·ײ˴졣
Žǵİ䣬һɫӰҲǳˡȫɢŵĽ⣬һСһ
ĲװСүˡҶʻչ壬ȫһıһ졣
һҶһܣµĿζôˬ
Ҷˣɽ궼ûˡҲҶʲôֻǼ򵥵ռ䶼Ťˡ
㡭㡭˻֣˵ϣ˫ڵҵţˡһѪ£ʯ·˳Ѫۡ
СүҵˣϢ֮ǰôţģһϴ϶ļƣԭͺƭһ²еСӰҶһıӣ֮ǰȻûг淢ʲôҶʶ˵ġ֮ǰʿǿǽ÷ǳİ
ˣôǸУʿЩĺ£岻΢΢Ĳ
ʿôʣɽҲŤͷҶʡҲɽҪ֪ġɽдģһֱûзһˡļ˵ģûһ˿ķ϶ҵʱôһ̦޺ѾǴǰ񻨴кܾ˵ģôء
СүңСүȥ˭ô֪棬Ҹ֪ô⡣ҶҲǳƣĪ磬ĪɽʯͷôꡣҪĻע⣬ҪɽɽҶʻ֪Ҫɽϴõġôһ룬ҶͻȻúҪлһЩǳĶʿˡ
СӣҪ£ҲˡҴɽϰǶжҾͻһΣǶıˣԺǷˡҶְͷתһſڵϣɫϵı任ɽˡ
ҶǰȥҪɽ󣬵߽ˣŷЩĲԾˡ
ҿôôĸߴ󣿲ԣôôСҶͻȻһֵĴУȻԼֳ࣬˿
Ƥְ۵ģܹˮⶼʲôԼ˫ֲ֪ʲôʱ÷ǳĶСˡ
ϽĿϵĲλҶʿҪˣôС첲СȵˣȫһոճõĺӵĴС
ܹ˵ܹߣҶСûʲôҶʸϽԼãСȻĳΪСˣǻڣԸûб任
ҪСûˣҶʱŮˣľЦˡ
ʲôûпôΰСٿҰӸڳ꾪ɲĿԼԼСʱ򣬶ԷĿתĶţҶŭˡȻĪıСˡҶʵ˼뻹ǳ˵˼İôһ˶ҶʻǳΪġ
СӣȰҡҶʱ궢ЩëȻתɽ˵
ɽɵɵ㶵ĿԼҶ¶ͷһΣԼȥµľͰɽ׸ϡȻҲСӣҶʵҶʵһʿ˾衣
·Щ𣬻ЩĿҶʰѶĲָˣȻһᣬһ£ǽ˴εĴˡ
ҶԹԵһУȫľûа˷


904 Сһȥ
ҶȻЩĴķʽҲЩر𡣵Ҷôһ޺СӣһûС
ϵĽҲȫˣͨС졣ȻǰҶʲץɽ߲Ū
۷۵СӣЩģСɰġ궼ȫĲˣ޲ðҶʸץסݺݵһ¡
Сܵܣ㻹߰ɡ廹ûҵĴ󣬻ġɽ·һЩĵˡ峿һܿľ˹
ԭеܿľͱʧôСһСƨܹʲôĸ׵Ļк̵İɡ
ȻСƨЩرҲûĸףġӣǺѸ˰ȫеİ
һߴȥ֡ҶʺܲһưɽԼͷָˡ
ɽʵʵİһƣֶֻǲûʹֻǾúЦСƨô
Сѣӻṵ̂ɡҪҽСӣȥҤӣĸظأȻúõһʿҶʹЦšЦУôôа
ҿụ̂೤İɡȻôǶġҶޱȵĶֱӾͷһ䡣
㡭û뵽СӵôĶϷɷϷˣѹסеĻ·ĺӣ껹ǱӦеļɵġСһȥȻһ˵ͲˡϸƤģҪôĶһ˰ǾͲÿˡ
Ҷˣ֮ǰԼ˵һߴȥͶԼ˵һȥԼС˰
ҶĬĬĸӦһ£Ȼ˵ĪıСˣΪһСӡǿȲģϾڵ̫ƭˡڵǿȣҶ֮ǰǿǲģҪӵǿһЩġ
ʿ൱׵ӡʲôܹڵĵȽףѾǷǳˡⶼҶʵʶǿ󣬲ܹһЩ
ڰ񻨴УȻûгԹǾİ񻨵ʱ򣬾ҶʵΧҶʵ嶼Ⱦ˲֪ٴεˡڲ֪ʱҶʵʶѾǱ÷ǳǿˡ
⻹ҶʵһʶӦˣ֮ǰʶܹɢǽѾǷǳĲˡ
ңҶʷ֣ڵ壬ϢĸӦǳСȻ˵Լ޵ɱǱҶĲ׽ˡ
ҶˣĻȫɥĲˡСӶҪŪҶɱûʲôĹ˼ɵˡ
ȻᵽһȥˣһһҪȥԷⶼ֪ûгԷˡǽлʲôǳ;úöҶʵ˵ʿ֣Ū㡣ȻСӴȥԷȥ
СӣǱģһȥҿƲסԼҲɱˣͲҪˡɫÿֲĶСӶ֡⵹˵ʲôϹⲻȥǶȫ͸СӺǼɵ
֮ûмŶ֣ôáΪҶʵĳķʽס꣬Ҫ̽һҶʵʵǽȻʧˣҶʺĺͨȫûκεϢ
ľôΪҶͨĻӱżˡͨĺӣǴɽдһô
Ϊʲô͸ûףҲûҶʺķ롣
㲻Ҷͷ˼ҹȥˡ
Ҷ˵ţ˹ȥˡƨĺӣһĿ·˫֣ôôĹ졣
ϵĺˣûӭȥҶԽԽɵ
ʵˣһСӣ˵ҪɱôϽģ㲻ʱ䣬һҪʱ䡣ҶʲͷˣȽ̫ˣ·ǻβȵ˳°ڣˤ˵ϡ
겻ϵĺˣҶʲϵıƽʼǱһľڡҶʻʼԼǿʶԷϵѹ
ܿģܲˡԼȱˡ
ҵġһסԼĺ£ٵҶʳ˹ȥȫԪ緢һȭҶʴ˹ȥ
Ҷʶ㶼ûж㣬Ҳûзȫûпһ
һ˿ϲɫɵƺӣȻôĶԼôľáȫûиɹܵ
ţһȭӦܹҶʸġΪҶʾٹŹ֣ҲȲһЩֵİɡ


905 Ǯô
ҶûϹҲ˵㲻ûվ˯šҶֻҪһ£Լ壬񵽵һʲôĳ̶ȡоϷǳǿ󣬵̫ƭˣҶҲǳԲ׼ġ
ҶǿԿ϶ǣǰĺĻ쵰ʰԼġ쵰һԼΪٺòˡ
顱ʵʵһȭҶʵԴϡƤ֮£Եһ㵭Ľڳġȵȫж֮󣬽ĳȥˡ
СݰҶд󶨣˶ԷһȭһĲķӳûеġǣҶҪǿԷȭͷԼĶͷΪԷˡ
һǳĹĳ棬һ˳ִһͯͯûһ飬ڳ˵Сӳݡ
ûЦĳɽǱȫסˡոһȭɽĻ궼ûˣһ˲ȫġͯôվţûκεĶȻͻ˶ԷĹ
Ҳûа취ЦֵոһȭôĹû˱ӵˡǣһȭʵˣȴû˵ԷôĪʧˡ
Ҷ֮Ի˵ĻʿĺһСģˣܹô˼ɵĳ֡£Ҳֻһܹİɡ
֪ˣܿľͻعȫԪٵĶҶʴ˼ȭÿһζȫδζҶʵĶͷϴ졣
ܿģûа취ˡһֻСץסԼ̫Сˣûа취סһ롣
ǣССһֻץţȫԪֹͣתȫɥʧ˴롣
ûСҶʻ֣ҲùǣǶԷţҶҲûжԷߡ
µʲôˣôϷŪ󱲣ҧгݵ˵⵹ҪֳԼôйǡǡ෴ϴľʹûа취ܲӵġ
ȻĳˣҾʹ󷢴ȱĸ㡣ˣСүҽҶʡΪʲôСҶһĸĪЦ⣬һ¡
ˣҪɱҪı㡣֮ǰϣǰΪʲôҲǹѲˣԷǲŹԼġֵйһЩԼʹһ㡣
ΪʲôУСүҲûŪסҶʴ֮һ𰸡ûţҶԼˡ
ҶҲ˵ѣĪľԼҪŪ⵽ʲôġûţһıĵĶҶʣڿҶʵıûгһ
ˣʲôҶ˿ŵһֻƣϰԵҪڶԷͷһµġǺԼ峤Сֻһӣ˿УڸһҶЩΣԷϸֵЦ⣬Ҷʸӵˣ͸˶Էһơ
ЦЦƨʲôЦģҪݡˣǮûСҶ룬ȻͻȻʵ
ʲʲô
һ£ʱҶʷʤߵҲã˵ҲôҲ벻ҶʻǮûС
ǮûУ˻ˡҶüͷôôɵƵء룬ҲֻôɵƵ˲Żô첻µزôɥĲİɡ
УУУܿľ͹һشСпʼѵܹת
Сôɱġһʱ̰棬ڶֹˣȻҪ㻨ǮôİοԼ
ĥʲôоͿóҪҶôҶʲˣôһ㶼ϵ
߶µÿŵһֻ֣ڶͳһǮȻݸҶʡ
ӺˡҶͷҲصİеǮɽ㣬֪㻹еġϽĶҽȻԼˡ
ֶ߶µͳһЩ߰ĶЩҶҲ֪ǸʲôõġһĽɽֱһĿජԼҶ֪Էû˵ġ
СǰܹܲҪŹǸˡǸܻܻˡɽҶʵŤ˺ܾãŹ˵˫۳޵Ķꡣ
Сһȥǰ˵㣬˵꼱ˣۿ˻ȥĿܵģʱɽҲȥôɱ˵үү̿ҪˣҰǽѵġҲԼҪġ
ʲôʱ˵ҪˡҶŤͷֵɽȻٴε꣬ʲôԼ


906 ˣ
ҶһʼûҪģԾú֡˵Ǹʲô뷨
ҶҲǰ·ϸɽǵˡҲ˽˵ġĻʲôģֵĺ¡絽ʲôҶʻһ֪ԼһЩϸյĶߣǷǳΣյ顣
ˣҶûгˡԼҲûжôĹϵǽԼˣԷҲˣǾͲܹŶԷŲˡ
֮ҪʶԷûǮȫΪҶû·ɽӣҲûʲôǮˡҶܹܲƨɵܵİɡȻԼڵСӵģģǱ˿ҲֻĵһЦһСҶʵ˼Ǵ˵İܲ˱˵Ŀ⡣
ʶԷҪǮˣܹȥһ·ˡ򲻵õģҲܹסİɡ
㡭ǰ㲻ܹк֮£㲻ܹɱҡɫһ䣬оԼϷŪˣ¾ҪԼڲǶԷϵһ⣬Ӳȥˣǿ
ôģɱˣͲɱˡʲô߼Цһɱ˲࣬򽻵ʱ仹ǲٵġҶʼֱЦһ߼Ҫ˵ɱŻԷģ»û˵ѡ򽻵Ĵ٣ҲŪ˲١
仰Ķоͱζˡ˱ɱˣǱ˵ôΪһſɰʵޱȵĿֲСӡˣҪԷʬȻô򽻵
ǰǰɽҶ˵ŹˣһʯͷҪҶʲӦĻԼҲûκεİ취ɽһԸ
Ƿʲôֱһ˵òáҶص̾һ÷ǳķꡣ
ܹܹܲܲɱɽ׳ŵǰ˼Ҷʶš
ɽУҶʿֻгޡ뵽ǰãʲôɽУӻôĴ棬ôҶв̣Ӿôı޸ٵˡڣöԷйһ£ҲǷǳġгˣҲǾТˡ
ˣÿڿҸߵվǰңҾ;÷ǳĲˬҶʲͷĻ˻֡
ɽǳľңͿҪ޳ˣǻǿߵһߡүү֮󣬾ڸղţɽڵϣѾǿ޹˵ġûκεãԷԼ֮ɽͻȻɳˡ
ˣˣܲ㡣һҰŪҪģȻ󶪸ɡҶʵĿڡһ仰ɽ˲ľͿǺһ
СӣֻܹáҶ˹ˣôҡңҲûãھ·ɡҶʵ˵š
һŤһĹͷ𣬶ԷҶĸŤˡһͲܿƵıҶ˵ϡ
õһֻţҪҶһ˶Էⲿλֱ۹ˡҲٴε˵˵ϡ
껹ڲϵҶʸɴվ˶ԷϣŽŲȥҷֱһţȶȡ
֮ǰһ꣬ת˲͸Ҷʸϵˣȫû˿ķءȫɱ
ʹŤˣɤзѹֵ˼µ˻µģһǻµġ
仰һûСʹˣڲҲվǰ˵ܹҵĵ͵ǰȻȥˡôôҶԴǰ档
˵ҶȫӦóġ֮ԳطȫΪνĵеһսȻĪıĪĵĪıɽһ˴ˣĪʱƿǳˡ
ҪҪһơòɽɽժ񻨣ôҶʸûдҶʣôܻᱻҶʸŪ
̫ˡҶҲȫŪˡ֪ΪԼɽԼɽġһƣȻҶʸ͹ġ
ˣˡҶתɽ˵ǿһ㡣ܿľҪˣʱҲˣһЩغܿҪˡ
Ҷ˳ֵĴ˰񻨣ߵһϥָͷŰ񻨣˼벻֪ܵʲôطȥˡ


907 ң
һ쵽˼µ˻Ҷʵ˼·ҶɻתͷͿɽСӣ֮ǰҶѵĽƬмһ顣סͣȻ󲻹ĽƬԷĲһĨ
ֻܹȺȡˣѪҺȪһĴӺӿ˳ɽһġ
Ϊ֫Ҷʸ߶ˣûа취ھҵĲšķԽԽСзҲԽԽ͡񲻶ϵĻɢǳ׵ȥˡ
ɽɿ֪ͣҶʻתͷһתͷҶһЦ
̫Ӱ쵽㣬ȸĺɽҶ¶һЦһѪǳį}ˡ
ҶüͷɽӦòôķŹԷġ죬ʲôûзҶתСȥˡֻôһΡ֮ǰ̫ڵѹˣȫķйҲǲġ
󲻶ϵĴ˺ƤҶʼûлͷľҶԼ˵ɽȥйҶеôģɽȫ֪ˡ
һյĹܼûֹͣġһСӵ˵ӦҲûˡ
Ȼ˽˵ϵɽҶҶʵһλվ
ллҷйˡɽ͸ƣûи֮ĿСһСӣ̼ʲôûˣûıѾǷǳĲ˵ġ
ȷҶƨϵĻҳɽ˵
ʱɽһƽûɱ֮Ŀ־С˫ҲûѪɫҲûзɫҶǷ˲١
ȷٴлл㡣ڣ㶯ְɡɽ۾һ̹ȻһֽѵĿС
ãҶֱ˵һ֣Ȼٵĳ˹ȥصһȭɽš
ɽϴЦݣûвеֻǿġôȥֻӵۣʹ졣ѾǱˣҲûʲôǣҡ
ˡűػһ£ɽ˳ȥصĵ˵ϡ
ɻ۾һƨɣһšƨϻģڵϳġһǱҶʸġ
ҶʲȥɽˣץŵѾѪģ˵壬תɽķĶ˳ȥʬһʯͷһֱӱҶʸ׽ɽС
ɽѾǼʶҶʵˣǿҶ⾪˵ǱŵòᡣϾҶʱȸոճӤǴ˶ٵİʶӤѳϵһĶô
ˣ㻹Ÿʲô֮ǰֳôĶ㲻Ͼ˳İҶʿɽվԭûжЩü˵
㲻ɱңɽһ£û뵽Ҷûмֵ˼
һأû˷ֻһΡոֻˣáɽˣɽȻҪǴȥȫһûд㣬ǲǻᱻЦôҶνİ˰֣ûгֵ˼
ˣллɽһ£ȻͲ̫ĺӣܿľ˹ˡ
ȷʵɽеһжûˣִǱѾгˡڵɽҶʵֵ½ҲɽһɽԺһжҪԼˣʲôҪԼˡ
ǰʲôֵĳȢʲô뷨ҲûУûôǿҵˡѾ޼ҿɹˣӦȥһôȥʲôʱȥǾҪԼıˡ
ǰһܺõĹˣҶôǿܹѧһаʽģǾʱˡ
뵽ûôˡҶʵҲޱȵУǰҶʸЩķëˡ
ŸʲôҰɽһľĴԼߣҶԵ÷ǳĲͷ
Ǵôʱôķءʲô鶼ǣҪԼ˵˲֪
ɽһѾͰҶʸ§˻УľڱСһҶһͷĺߣҲȥˡҪӲ㣬ҶԼ֪·ҪһƨĺӣܹڵģʵЩˡ
㶼պôҶʵʵɽϸļһ£Ȼŵͷȥ·꣬ǻһͷ·ҴŲ·ҲõˣһѪ
ɽͷͿҶʺһСԼεЦЦ֮ǰֻűôʹôȻŪһѪҺˡڱҶʣȻҶҲȾһѪ


908 ѹ⣡
ɽڶҶʵĻƴӵˣҶ˵ʲôɽġҶҲʲôˣҶʵʵǳǿֻҪҶǲʲôΣյġ
ȥ··ϣҶͻȻıע⡣ɽլзôֲһĻЩ˵ȽϴӵĴ񿴵ǳĲá
ҲˣҲˡҶʵ֮£ɽҶ۷˷СƬ֮Զڵƾɷȼˡ
ܿľΧľ񡣿ɽһѪվⶼǳһɽлһӡ
ҪԮǱɽֹˡѾǲڵˣҲáңϵѪմȾ˷еÿһĽ䣬ռҲ뵱鷳ֱһѻյ
˵ǣҶҲѾɽˡֱӾ˵һԭĽٷˣЮһӤҲڵɽеҶʡ
ûҵ񻨻ɽȻвǻؼԡ˳ͻƴŪ˽ٷˡǽٷڶ֮ǰҲɱԼүү̡
˵ҶûκεĻɡɽСǿųģûм̫棬Ӧǲѵġң˫׶棬ѾûбҪ׷ˡ
ԴˣҰοһɽȻɽȥоסɽҲǱȽϵģܹæһЩļҲǰȻ󣬾Ͷ̵뿪ˡ
Ҷʣ˵ȥʲôطռסȽϺãҶʵһٵҪ£ɽǲԼǰˡ
ﶼáǼסô죿㲻˵ΧûˣҶҲûʲô˼ɣֱӿɽԻš
ȥ˵ļסȻ˳ϦദģӴ̫࣬ᱩ¶ġҶʲ֪Ǹб˶ãҪˣܹ˵ˣ޲ð֮ǰļʱĻȫ˵ġ
ȥסɽҶһĿ·ȥһѯš
ڵɽģҲҺһСӵҶʡȻĻȫͲ֪ôˡ
㲻˵ڿɽһŵķӵôû˾סǰȥҲ˵ʲôҶʵ˵һ㶼ġֻҪηʲôģ¶Ҳûʲô⡣
ܿľ͵·ꡣСӲ󣬵Ϊɽԭ򣬻ǱȽϵķܹ൱һСӵĹģˡ
ӾôĴ󣬴ǵͷ̧ͷˣС鶼ܹѸٵĴĴӵġοɽļô顣
ˣɽһѪһӤ˽ϰǳ飬ûΪԷľġ
ϰһˣ˵ģɽڵ鲻̫ã˵ϰĻҲ̫һЩĺת
Ҳǲ£ܿľ·Сӵ·ûг£Ϊ̫죬һļǲ̫ġҪȻֳȻٷ첹ġ
ʱһ״ҶʵϹһ·ǳİ¡ϰΪҶСӣҲ̫䡣Ҷϵ·ҲѪҪѹ塣
Ҷţϰûа취ק˼ûҶʣúΡ
Сѣôһ㣬֪߰ϰתɽЦЦôŲ尡ǳ벻ʣ·Ҳ̫á
ҶҪɱ˵Уɽٵ֪ҶʵʵģûеϰĹ˼ɣʹš
ҶҲקţǲ֣ͬʱ۾ɵøӵĴˣĶɽ˫ĿЩŭ
ɽȫװûпƾ˵·˵֮£һֱӵľѿˡ
ҪҶʲֵ̫ڵڲͬҪֱɽСƴˡ
СһǾݵʱĽӴԼܺ˵ȻôġСһǹģ֪ҶʾͶһˡ
ѾǱ¶ˣɽЩʹıЦϰɫǳҶʺһ㡣¶ˣҶʾͷǳϣϰµľͰѳߴ·ȥˡ
ֻʣҶɽСģ׼һЩϹصصĸҶ׼һࡣ
ҶҲ˵ĿһС֮ϣĶɽ
ɽЩˣҶʶЩķëһȻ޺ģܹͽŪǿʿİ
ɽԼˡҺҶû̵ıˣ˵һлҶʵĳܷΧ֮Сֻǣ֮ӣЩˡ


909 ڼƻ
һвɰ֮ɽܾ˵롣Բϰ벻̫ϤһסΪɣҶɽһշоסˡ
Ϊӵԭ򣬴ҶԵһǮûжáСӣûʲôԴҲԲ˶ٵĶ
һеĲɰ֮ɽսսıҶȥӡһ·ϲϵҶʵǸǴһ·ҶСϲûпĵɫͨСӲͬ
ҿһĻҲûоʲôԾ֮ǰٷ˸߳˲ٵĿͷںӵӰɽϵĸҶ˵Ҳɽ̫ڵѹֲ֣˼˵ֻø˵Ҷˡ
ǿްһĻľ񣬶ðһ仰
һСɽʲôôЩܹ֪ء
ĥ䣬·Ҳ޵İɽҶʣǺܿľͻصеġ
ӻ࣬ʱʱĻסֻҪ򵥵Ĵɨܹסˡ
ŸոչرգҶֱӾʹɽĻˡһֱӾͰɽŵˡҶֱӰɽһ˫ɽȻɽĿӣ¶ѩ׵Ľʵƨɡ
㵷ҡҶ̧־ɽƨصһ£ʱһѪСӡ
˺ҵ·Ҷٴεһƨصһ¡
ҵĿӡ
㿴ҵС
žžžžžžžž
еƤײûͣġҶԽ˵Խϵɽƨϳš֮ǰûһΣҪһڡȫͲ˵ˣϵĳšģָлǷǳĲġ
ȵҶͣʱ̵ƨѾ׵òˡңɽ֪ʲôʱѾͻ˹ȥˡ
ܺӣǷʰҶʵ˵һ䣬ȻɽϵļѨλϰһ£ɽĵת˹
ôģˣܺңɽ۾ЩĺףԵǿ޹ġҶʵ˵
ҶлǷǳСӵġҶʲ֪ԼжôأǿԷƨɾ֪϶ǲˡⶼʹû˹ȥûʹģҶʶɽǸ߿˲١
ҡɽԼĿӣᡣ
ңĲѾȫԼˡڸһΣ̫Ϥ˲ҪҿЦ׼Էʲô̬˵ϴ鷳ġҶʵ˵ûаοԷ
ҶʸԷϵĵһΡһξ͸ɽһ̵Ľѵ
ϾҶǱɽǸġԷֻּʣɽһˣ̻ԷһЩҪĶɽܿǻȥġ
ˣҶʾøɽһЩʶԵĶǷǳıҪġ
ˣˡϽİӸʰɾһҽһЩķҶʵ˵ȻԸ˸ǸϽȥ۾ʼϢˡ
ɽƨɱҶʸʵ̫ˣжǷǳĲġǿŲʣĿʼʰӡ
Ҷ͵͵ۿһ£Էûʲôŷĵı۾ʼԼˡ
ҪûɽҶȫͿԼһ뿪ˡܹôѵ˭ܹвԼô
ȻҪɽһѵˣҪɽлȥĿˣҶʲܹ뿪
ҶʻкܶҪ絽ǸʲôɽЩײ˿϶ûκεõġֻȥѰǿʿܹ˽⵽һЩ
ˣҶעҪɽֵġ˱ͲһϵˣҲȫͬġ
ҶԼ磬ǸӵĹӵľʣҲӵΣաǲҶԼ硣
ɽҲԼ磬ΪһЩԭһֻ̤һ档ҶҪ̻ɽһЩԱİ취ȻܹȥѰһȥ·
ƿǳûжãҶѾǷǳȷˣⲻԼԭ硣ܶĴ·һĵطû˵ġ
ҶʸожϽ۾Ϳɽŵİһ·Լϡ
ҶһЩӱԲǾ֮ǰıʣҲûĥɽıġҶʾܿɹģҪǷһԣǲɱҶʶκεİ취ġ
ʰˣҶ˵ͬʱɨһӡǳĸɾࡣ
ţûУҾȥɽһǶҶʵĻشȻСš
İɣ㻹֮ǰһЦҪ̫־Ϳˡ˵ҾͻġҶʵ˵


910 ɽܼ򵥣
СٶȷǳĿ졣ǻΪһĪСǺһˣҲΪһСǡޡ
Ҷʳ˳ֽѵɽݺݵĳƨ⣬ûбֳʲôֶΡɽܿľҶʵĿֲˣȻҶʵԻԻҪռݺܴһֵԭġ
ȻҪԵġҶͿʼֶӶˣʱҶʵʾ£ҲһЩʳĵġ
ɽҶʸȥȥˣҶȴ˼ǽɽһЩʲôԼĹ϶ǲеġҶʲԸȥ̣Ҫ˻Ѫӵġɽ˻壬תġ
ĹҶҲǳƲϤġɽʱûȥºûȥĹҶòģҲûá
ڣסҶˡҪľЩͨĹİȴûˡ˼ȥģ뵽սȥˡҶ˲ͼˣΪսĹԼķǳʶͬҲΪġҶʾսص۹Ĺ仹ǱȽϵ̡
һʺĵطҶԼûŪǲԭǸ˼硣ڵĶҲֻһСӣҲ㲻͵ʦʲôˡ
ܿģ˵ζʹ˹ˡ֮ǰʲôҲ㣬ʱҲһεĸԣȻǰˣǺܶ಻ĲʽǳԹġ֮ԼԹȻûдôζҲǲˡɽЩ꣬ȻĲңɽҪӪǸһʱŪһóԵġһȥģƽɽҲôѧˡ
˺ܿľͱˣҶҲӣǴүһ
ԷʱҶʵǲɽæġʯͷļ꣬Ȼ˵óԷҶĵʱǻ뵽ǰһЩζģèһģȴûа취
ǳˣһӵɫζȫζҶȫǷſ˵ĳˡɽҶСԶ㣬ҶʡǿҶʷƵĳԶٶȣɽסˡ
ĥĥģһֻˣʱɱ˵۸ʲôġҶɿŶܹķʶ뵱ĸߡ
ɽҶʵһ뵱Ƭ̣Ҷķ֮һӵĶɽҲѧҶʣ˵ĳԣһֱǹĹĵģûͣ
Ҷҵ˷еΪһһ󴲣һԾȥ
ɽҲûôĳԹǰԶϸʵģԶʱ򻹲ܹ˵нôʹ졣ʱɽ֣ҶʵҲͦģͨûʲô
ҸСӣɽŸҶѧ˴֮ȻҪЩʲôɢϡ
Ϣһ£ȻȥսʰɾȻʱҿʼһЩϵĻĶҶʲڴϣɽͷҲص˵
ŶɽӦһҶʲôûв͵͵תͷһҶʣҶûκεĶ˯һ
ɽôĿţܿˡһ壬ССģȫСССУôôǿءǰЩ߲ʵʿЩɽеʿǰһ
ôǿһˣôɽءһ֮СҺڲժ񻨵ʱԼ˰ҪǱԼҴˡԼһ˾ôİװ׵ˣǻһӣΪԼһѹһӡǾԲԼһ˱ʲôġ
˾ԼԼˣҪԼĹԺһʱ䣬Լ͸ˡȻԼ˸ӵĹˡѧ֮ɽûӦòطˡ
ΪʲôɽûҪһֱҶʡɽ룬ɽ֪Ҷôǿˣ϶иӹ̨ġɽ֪Լ̫ǸҶʵٶȵģֻܹܹۡվҶʵ磬ԶԶĿҶʵĳɾ;ͷǳĲˡ
Ҷ֪ɽڿԼҶʲûдơûиӦɱʲôģһֲ⡣ܿģҶʾȻ˯ˡڽд˼꣬ҶԽԽ˻ˡ
ڱ˽֮ǰҶʾǼ켸ҹĲ˯һǾӵġһϾһţʱûʲôһǻġ
ɽһӣȻȥʰ˵սˡѹŻ˶ûз̫ɽ˵ҶǶˣҲɽˣҪֵ𾴵ˡ


911 ʵǿ
ҶôǵһմĴںܶ˵жʲôôһȴҶ˯õһˡ
ҶԼģ춼ѾЩˡתͿֻ۾ԼʵҶʸһ
㿿ôĽʲôҪҰҶһ궼Լһ˯ȻһѹġͻȻһעԼҶʻЩϰߵġ
ɽҲ˵ֻԹĶҶʡҶʶЩ˼ˡ
ˣ˯ͷôҲңǵġˣһͽһЩȻٽһЩҶʸո˯ѣԴЩԺѹ˶ԷΪʲôôίӵˡ
˵ʱɽķһ춼ˡɽ˽ӴĺҪǲǲ˵ġ
ŸʲôϿȥ˾ͽһЩ֪ʶҶʱЩëˣֻùİף˳ųһնˡģγ˷ľͽ㡣
ɽûһĶǲҶˡҶˣĺҪ֡Ҷʵ֮£ɽĥĥȥȥˡ
ܿģһӵĲ˾ˡҶĺˣ±Ӧˡɽûôˣ󲿷ǳԹʣˡһʵģ̫óԵӡ
ҶӲͷƤ˼ڣȻͳ׵ûθˡɽһֱСڵĳţֱѷȫˣͣ
ˣҷˡҾ͸һЩ֪ʶҶʾĵţ֮ǰҲȷʵԼĲԡԲԶûʲôϵҪһͷôĿңǺҪġȸˣȻܹúõ
ɽЩΪӣҶʷǳĲġҪǲһЩۣ㹦Ҳûõġˣ۶ڳѧ˵һ㶼ǹġ
Ҹ㣬ҺúõѧһġҪǹһʱشһݺݵġҶΪɽܹڿš
𷣣ɽңҶҲǺ˵ӣɽ֪ʶҲʼڴ
ؼһԪǰϲȻȻĳֵġʿһЩޣ֮ǿ󡣾ΪЩԪЩܹԪͳΪߡҶʶһ£ȻעصĲͬص㲻ͬĽҲͬЩעϵĴյĴ󲿷ֵԪˡܹգܹɽЩעصǷϵ̧־ܹǿĹһ
ҶһעʿˣɽţȻ뵽Ҷʵǿſʵ
ңǸ⣬עصǷϵǿġ˵ҶʻǱɽסˣҶʵ岻ҪȥֻҪȽͻǿġҶĻǰ˼ڸַ򣬸ҪһЩ
֪Ҫʵ˭ǿһ㡣⻹Ĳ˵ǿʿ뷨ǿʿԾᴦܵԷƣоŵġǿʿǿʿԾҪʱʱ̷ֹ̿ǿĹڶԷϻһЧ
ǲǿʿһЩôǸʲôԪҶǲǿܹһһǷʿԪľˣʧôδ֪ɽǱֵķǳĺ棬ҶͣٵʱͰԼʳˡ
ƨϿӡǿķʿֲܹȫֿܹġҶֱӾͷˣֹһǿķʿҶ˿սŽ˶ֵġ
ǾǷʿˣҪʿɽһ㶣Ȼ˲һڴķʿ
Ƿƨǿ󣬵ԵĴױеġҶ룬ЩǿʿԼŪˡȻϵķɽ
ɽ˵ˣΪɽȫͲ֪ôĽȥˡҲǣҲǵġ
ҲǺ㡣˵ĶʵġҶʿɽһĻɵĶԼЩˡðɺðɣ˵ʿҪһЩ
Ҷ룬Ȼ𰸡ĲǺ˵ġǿʿսܹ֧һһĹ򣬾ͶһЩʤĿܡңУǿҲкܴĺôġ
ʵʵ츳ʿǿ󡣲ⱲûлˡҶһ𰸡


912 רģ
ҶһĳƨɪɽǺҪȥҶʼ°Ҷʸſµġ˫սĿǾܹ𰸵ģɽͲò뷨
Ҷ˵˰죬ȫǷϻһöûСɽĸߴȻĵˡ
⽲εҶʣһ뷢׵ĴˣڸѧһЩ˵ĵ⽲εҶʣһͷĻСåǽǿŽѾڸһäĿһЩԼĹԵ¼
Ҷǰһ˵ǣȫͱɽԴ޵̵ˡȫΪ˴ԼǶôô
˵ģעصһһ棬Ȼܹвĳɾ͡Ǻֹһ׶εġʶǿߣ뾫ͬǿģҲ뵱Ŀ¡ȷʵҪǿ츳ģõһķܹ쵽һܹԼĳԼĲ㡣ҶͻȻ뵽˰ףٶ졣ȵһľ֮Ϊٶȿ죬ԭȻôĽˡ
ʲô񡣡ҶŭˣԼȻˣɽصһ¡ˣ˵ţҷϻˡȻݺݵĳͷ
ɽĺƣҶ˵ĶһЩʲôȫģɵģ˵û˵ʲôͬôҲĽŪɽȻ͹ϵĳˡ
ǻһ⣬֮ǰǸҪԼԺȥᣬȻû취ȽϡҶʲòˡΪıȽϣҶ˵׼棬˵˵ҪעЩʲôɡ֮ǰ˵Щ͹İɡܹǿʵġ
ɽһٴεǿˡ֮ǰһУ͵ûзǵĶͺˡҪעĶͱˡ
ǴӸӦ֮ԪȻЩԪ忪ʼġ̱ǷǳѵġȻһЩ⣬ֱ̿ӵİȹȥҶʶһɽʵʵûʵ˼Ҷһ
ҶʱǰӣʲôΡʱɽһЩϵ飬ǱƵİɽ⣬ҶʲûǶû׾ͶһߵˡҶʿЩƨáս˵˲Ϣģſ¶Է
ҶɽʵˣľսġҪɽʱٴεʣҶĲ֪ôشˡ
ôʣʣôİԪڵأ
ôʣʣԪʲôоأ
ЩҶ֪ƨûа취ģȻͷ˹ȻϡͿľܹˣһ׵ʿˡҶЩҶôش
ʿ⣬ƽﶼǳĿġһЩĿ๦ôǰķءԪɹˣҲʿ˰ɡʱ͵ȵʿҪǿʵҪʱĴ򰾣Ļۣʵ㹻ˣȻһٳأȻһ·ϡĵ·ԽԽ㣬ǽȴԽԽҲǷǳġҶĻţ뵽ʲôͰԼһֱİ취ĸܽһ¡ⲻǺ˵Ҷʵľȫʵ飬ҲͶ˼ֵ˵
Ҫ͵סįҪעʲôأɽ÷ǳ棬ԵľǾ̸֮ˣ֮ǰЩһ
лֺܶ鷳й·߳Ҳǳе顣ˣĹУʲôҪҪǡרġҶʵ˵úõȥڵԪԪ˲·Ƿǳ顣
ɽΪʲô˲õľ飬ʲô˲õܡû뵽ҶʸôƽƽҶ֪һЩʱҲᡣ
ôģûеѧ費Ҫרģ費ҪרġҶʿɽϵı飬֪ɽЩʲôˣηǳ˵ԼĹʱҪרġʿҲʿ˵ÿıĹΣȻҪרġˮۣÿ춼Ҫ˹ôнǿ϶ǲ˲ġտʼҾ÷ǳ˼Ȼܹȫȫġһأһˣʮأһء㻹ܹһֱôרĵô
ҶȻƽʱȽϵ裬û˵ġôˣѾǿʵˣҶһεתġ
ǿʿòΪʲôģҶΪһֱǳ棬Ԫ˵ǷǳϤ


913 ܲȸҿھ
һḶ̌ȻûнйϵͳѵǶҶԼܽģ޼۵ġ
һѧţǺһٵŶԼõĶⷽ˵ɽȫһСףҶ˵ʲôɽš
ɽãҶʻǷǳĿ׵ģҶʽĶŪסӣһЩ˶飬ɽӳ
ˣ֪ĶˡҶԼģ˺ܶĶԼܽģԿܻʵЩĳ롣һţϸھҪԼȥȥȥˡҶһ˵ˣȻһˮһɤӡ
ɽûڼż䣬˵һ޼۵ĲƸܹɽָһ·ɽһЩ·
ֱһʱɽŻع˫пʼɡмĶҶʣл˸ſĹâ
סˣҶʵʵɽĬʱҶڴɽɽ֮Ҷʾͺܿķˡ
ɽԼʱ̫ˡͬʱԾ˵ĿͷͬǣҶʱͬĺܲңɽûСͬɽ˽ʣ˫ԼǰҶûо
һǷǳƵģǾǶĿǵ˱̬ĵزˡҶʵǲ۸ҪúõչԼĸסɽҪǿܹܺõıԼ
ɽѾûˡֻҶʶԼǲģܹ̻Լı¡
ţȫסˡûһ©ģڱһɽ˵ͷ˵
˺ˣû˵һЩ֪顣סûмסԼ飬ֻ˵һ飬㵽ô̬ԴҲҵ顣Ҷʻ˻ִɽĻ
ʵҶûлɽܹеġҶ˵ҶֲɽʲôˣܹһЩѾ御ˡɽҪúõĻȥֻкúõҶʵһ·ǸµĺӣǸĺӣӦܹԼġ
ٺ٣İɣҾͻѧġɽһ㶼ûΪҶ˵ƾͲĵģǷǳĿġɽҲˣҶʾһ춹ĵˣ˵һġҪĲԼαغԼ˷ôĿء
ţ͵ɡһټҶʿһɫѾˣЩķˡ
˵Ҷʾһͷᵹ˴ϣҪ˯ˡʲôԼΪҶڿտҲȫûԪϴһսܵӰ컹ûкתЩҶεĳԣǷˣˡ
ǸɽЩŤˡ
ʲô˵һүǵģôŤ󷳲Ҷһŭ˵
ܲڽ̻ҿھɽҶʣ˵
۾һ˫С۾˫˭Ҳûж˭Ҷʿһִţֻһֿ
ˣܸˡˣֻ˵һ飬˵Ҿ˯У׼ҵ鵽ϵҪӰ쵽ǲϵڶͬĿεġҶˣû뵽һôķˡ¾ͰսĹھɽһΣɽûɻ֮ŵͷ˯
ǾͲҶڵĵˡûд̻Էİ취ģ̰á
Ҷǵͷ˯ˣܿľͷ΢ɽһڲϵĬҶʿֱȷϲˣһ
򵥵ϴ֮ɽ˴ȸҶʸǺ˱Ҷ߿ıӣһߣֱȫŲסˣŻ˯˹ȥ
ʱɽǺɵҶ˵ֻ˵һΣǲסҲ˵ڶΡҶûвɽʵİ˵ˣ⹦ĸҶôܲɽ̻ء
Ȼ˯Щĳ٣ǶɵϰߡոɽȻȻ˹ˡ
Թȣ̫ĶɽֻǾԴĸоͿҪѿһ
ҶʾȻ˯ұӲ֪ʲôʱָ߿ˣɴ͵ƽڴϣǻſˮһҸЦݣҰͣǵʵĶȾεʲôóԵˡ
ɽȻЦһ£Ȼٵϴˡ
ҶǱ˵ζŪѵģ۾ͿһӵķˣӷǳϵĽл
ɽµİ˼ڷݲݵľͰ緹ˡҶɽԣĳԵķǳɽ˰ҶʸסȻ緹ɽе뷨ˡ


914 ꣡
ҶɽʶѾʱˡҶļɽһЩķȻ˳Ԫɽ塣ɽ׵̤еĵ·ˡ
ҶʶɽͲôĹˡ˵Ķ˵ˣעĶɽˣҲɽȹ鷳ĵһֻпɽԼˣɾ͵ĸߵͣȫɽŬˣҶǰﲻʲôæˡ
ļҶʻһ߿ţɽʲôӡȻɽй֮ɽһ²̫⣬ҶȻһһĽˡ
ȹһεʱˣɽԽԽˣҲûгʲô⣬ҶҲȥעˡ
ʱ䣬Ҷʲóȥڼ˯ҪװһӤӦеӡڼҲдӣ͹ԵġҶʶǳϣû¶ʲôġ
ϾҶʻʱˣҶʵȥʲôɽ֪ҶʻʱʱѪġⶼһЩ޵ѪҺҶԼġö֮ɽҲͲΪˡҶʻĴһͷޣ䵱ʳһ
ɽȥӵľ¥һЩ˼һæһЩʳżҲһҲǲġ
һӣɽͻƵ˵һףɽ˻ˡҶʱɽһưˮɽ侲Ҷʻǰ˯ϳȥĶԽԽӴɽܹоԪתˣҶʵȻ˵ͬûʲôˡʱʱ·һЩҶʻֵİ졣
ɽ²⣬Ҷʿ϶ǽɽȥȥˡȻΧôǿޡҶʲҲϣɽҲûжʡֻǾ֣ʿǲܹɽģǹʶҶôܹĳ룿ѵûʧ
һƾɵķӣСӣֲͬƫƫĲ˽ÿԷʱ򣬶ɽģԴ˴ϵ˶֣ΪҶǺøôһĵСĵչ
Ƕɽ˵õԼÿγԷʱ򣬲ɽԼһˣΪɽʱѿҶʵӰġԷʱɽ˵һЩ飬ҲһЩϵ顣
ϵ⣬ҶʱشġϵͲôĸȤˡɽԹԵ˵ţһֱִ˲ƣ
ô꣬ɽͻƵ˵ڶסͬҶʵķԸû¶ֻ˾СӵķˣÿδȥĶˣȻʱҲǴ˲ٵġ
ΪڳĺӣҲûй⡣ʱ򣬳ԵĶ࣬˵ҪӪ˵峤ĽʵǺ¡
ҶʵҲľһӤһڻĳڵҶʣѾ൱һСӵˣòҲͬģ۵ģǿɰ
ʱҶڴתˣģɣϲܶʱһСһǵ˹ЦԴˣҶǷǳΣǲС¶ˣñ˾װ졣
ҶʾĴ̽һЩ顣ҶһСӵĺ棬ûж롣֪ҲҶʣҶöġΪӵĵλãкܶʿûϢҲǱȽϵͨġҶ֮󣬻һ˼ĻĵͷȻ򵥵ĵһ䡣
Ҷ仰ǶôҹЦġһĺԴ˺ܶ˼Ҷʣѯʣûʲô֪ġ
Ϊ˸Ҷ֪ҶСģĳ˼ȻģһǴһʱĹͬȤá
ֻɽ֪ҶʵڸʲôҶʵעǲƽģʵҲ඼ʿе飬϶Ϊ֮׼ġ
Ҷʻһɽܲ˵ϰߡܵɽıӡҶʲΪ⣬ڿĳƣС
һںܴȪе˾Ȫ֮Ͻһӡ飬һԵĹãһŮӵá
Ҷʺϲȥϴ裬ǳͣÿ춼ȥġȥϴҲûʲôҶԵƫƫȥȥŮԵá
СǸСӡŮҲ⡣ǳĸˣôһ۵Сӣ˭ϲء
еȫŮԶҶϴ衣ϴȻѹˣϵĽӴġҶҲССƣͲϵġǵôҹЦģֲһСӵ
ɽ֪Сӣ˼ǺܳģԼҪࡣˣûٱҶʵġ


915 ֻһˣ
ʱҶʱɽӵĲѷˣͻɽǶԼĶɽҲ̫󣬻ǸӵĽ׶ΡҶʻɽһȥ
ɽȻȥˣ׷ҶʵǶʲôҶôĻشģԼ˼뾳磬ѿһеǷǳƽ顣ܶ˶һأˣҶʵģҪӦϰһУȻԺͲ嶯ᷳˡ
ȻҶڽ˽֮ǰҲûзԼ˵Ĵġȫ˸ڣϹġҪ˵ҶʲôͷûеġȲ˵ԼڵȫͲ߱صоҶûⷽġ
Ҷ˵ĺ˲ĶɽֱӵľܾˡȻͲ󣬲֪ҶȥʲôĶ֧ŵġɽܵľò̫á˫Ȼ磬үүɽĽһ㶼ûзɵġʲôŮб𣬻͸ɽˡ
ԴҶҲûǿֻ˵ɽȤ֪ԼӡҶҲûǿ󡣱ûҪɽһȥģɽЦˡ
ôֹȥʱ䣬ҶʵѾһĺûʲôˡÿȥһεãѾΪҶʵϰߵˣɽҲǼֲֵˡܷ׵ʲôģҶʵϰ߾ûֹͣ
ɽϰˣĴе˶֪ˡһֵĺӣǱٷ˰˵ģȻһٷ˻˵ĺһ𳤴ӻǳϲȥϴ裬ÿȥһΡ
˼Ҷʶôʵģ
Ҷʣȥϴ˰
ţǵģ಻
ôʵģ
Ҷʣôûȥõأ
Ŷһȥ
ҶʰԼôĶѾʵĲˣ֮Իû뿪ȫΪɽˡҶҪɽΪһʱ뿪ȫбһЩ
ҲҶʴӵгĵͷɽβŬ£Ǻһͻ˵һףɹ˵ڶסѾһ۷ʿˡ
ҶһˣɽôľˣٳٲɽͻơҪҶʼμɽĽȣûκε⣬ҶʶΪɽ˲ˡ
ʿԶС㹻Ա˵ġֻҪɽȥһЩǿʿ˵ȥһЩǿޡȫ㹻Աˡ
ʶҲʱˡ˵˵Ҳ̡̫ýҶˣȻǿԼ볤ʱŬˡ׵㣬طȫܹסԼİȫˡҶʴлؼңɽѾŪһӵķˡҶϴ֮ҲֱӵľӿʼԶˡ
úõģҶͻȻ˵һ仰ЩҶʳɽڷ̸ģѾϰˡɽҲһʳԵĺúӣڳԷʱ˵ͳԲ·ĺˡ
˵ʲôûнɽĴɽԵͣһ£Ȼ˵ԹԵĳԷ
ô꣬ҲӦ÷ˣԼ顣ңԼ鷳ҲǳΣաһֱһؼҵ·ǵҶҲҲһ·ģԼûа취ΣաҶҲɽǸʲô飬ԹԵ˵Լ顣עˣ˵˵һӵģҲûʲôԵġ
֪ɽǿˣȻİеķҲ֪һ֪ʲô˵֪ҶҪ뿪˵֪ҶҪٵǳ鷳
Ȼ֪ˣǾͺðˡһװʲô֪ʡȥһ鷳顣Ҷʵ鲻ܹ뿪طˡطҶѾˡҪػɽҪǻܹһЩæϴ裬ҶˡôڣҪ˵ʲô˰ɣ
֪˵ԼҪúõĻҪ㶪ʲôĶ԰ɡɽĶٴεͣһ£Ȼ󿪿˵ҶʵЩķŭЩĲᡣ
֪ͺá㶼֪ˣﻹҪҰҶʱɵЩĪķëʵ
Լ˵飬Ǻ鰡ԷԼԼҲ̻˶Էİ취Ѿ御ˣˡȻûвᣬֻҶԼ֪ˡ
úõĻ˵סˣһܹҵһ˵˵ֻ֮һˣ˭˵ȥȥߴеˣʵҲ˽ٷˣֻǽɽɻ˶ˡôЩܹ˵ôɽ۾ˣҶʺš


916 ҲҪţ
ɽҶʷһ¡ǰԼĴ㣬ȫǰԼ뷨ģȫûпǹɽĸܡǣҶ˵ǷǳȷɽҪԵİȫһЩҪǸԼߵĻܻûа취Σյġ
ɽЩ꣬ǳجΣҶ˵һЩүү̵飬ҶֻʲôҶʿȥˣʼǹȥˣ˻Ҫŵġ
磬ڵҶʼڱӡ֮ǰ飬ʲôɣȻܹصԭĵطˣȻǲܵİɡ
Ҷʺһ㣬ԼȻӵģԼ˼ǳ˵ġҶʵһǷḻʵģ̫ˣѾ˺ǿӦˡɽͬҶʼԼҪҪɽһֱɽϸİҶʵҪµģϵһЩûа취İ
ȻҶ̫ڸ߹һӵĳˡȻɽǱˡ
ɽʼ˶ҶǿĥϢᣬˮĴ۾ҶʡҶʺܲˡ˵ɽɽûзҶǺûޡ
˵ô죿˵ˣ飬кܴ飬кΣյĴҪȥġҶ̾˿ôһεòˡ
Ҫ㡣ɽĨһᣬᶨĿҶʡ
Ҷ˵ˣҪȥʮֵ鷳ң϶ʮġΪԼ֪Ҫʲôʲô򵥵ĽɫҶüͷһĶɽ
ҶЩ̽һЩĶ磬ѾԼԭˡʲôԶɽʲôģ˸û
ˣҶƶϡԼһվ֮Уǹ˳׵ˣưܵ緢չڵӡѾǲ֪ȥ˶õˣʴˣһжûеˡʷĳС
пܣԼǸ֮ǰɽʲôĶûγɡҲпܵġ
ȻҲпܣͬһʱռˡһ档ԣҶʾøһЩΪеط򣬲ǹ졣кܶķҶûԭиӦġ
ǣһҶʶҪȥٺãҲԼ磬Լ̨ԼѶߡ
ʱ׷ݣδȥǴռļҶҲҪȥġ
ѡ񣬲һʮֵΣյġԼôǿеĸıʱռ䣬϶ܵصĹġеǿߣָܻŵġ
뵽ԼЩʱʱ̿ŵĶҶһ£ЩɽĸܵˣɽҲһЩˡ
Լôһˣ뿪ԼʲôģҪץˣһֱҪȥҪȥǡҪˣҪʬȻƴǱ
˵ҶʵҪһЩȷǷ񻹻ţһЩϣģҶ˶
ɽˣĳ˶Լ֪֪׵ҶʣûʲôܹԵˡȻһֱû˵ɽİҶʵԼ˵ˡڣΨһҲҪ뿪Լˡ·ܻǳΣգȴûдɽһȥɽôܹܵ˵ء
һҪ㡣ҶѾһεˣûĳ֣ǰˣôʲôڻδ㣬ʲôҶ£ǸոճžˣҲˡɽתǳĿģĶҶһһ˵
ðɣðɣˣⱻס˻˦ˡҶˣоͷˡʲôճžˣ仰ҿɲϲԼء
ȻͬɽˣҶʾȻɽܲ˵ˡɽˣǿ϶൱鷳ҶԼûа취ԱˣҶʲ˵ɽԼ
õġʲôʱߣɽһĿģֻҪܹҶʣȥʲôء
ɡȥе˵ЩܵǲٵչˣôĲˣЩ˵ȥġ˵ҿ˴еĺӶиĸҪҸ׺ĸףŴҳȥҶ΢ĳ˼ôĶˡ
ҶʵľɽûκεġңҶʵģ񻹰ʲôǺˡŸոմӦԼţ뿪˵ǡɽɻѣҶǲ뵽˿˦Լˣǰľ˶Բߡ
ɽûʣΪע˵ĵò𰸵ġҶǲشġ


917 ǳˣ
һ죬ǼҶΨһûȥõһ졣ɽִ߽ģһһҵĵ
˵ɽҪҶȥѰףʵǰЩһΪӶֵĺܳ죬ӻ̫СˣҪǳȥʲôΣˣʲô鷳ˣǿô졣
ûΣգû鷳ȥ˾û˹ˣ϶ǻᱻ۸ģ⵽ʱ˭ǵء
Ҷʳ̫ɰˣļҵûиҶϴءȻҶʵǶҶʵ׶ڿˡЩʲôóԵģȸҶһЩȥġͻȻҶҪˣ᲻õġ
ҶҲһˣӲҪԼĸĸôҶûа취ڼҶҲģϵĵлôģôܸоء
Ҫһһҵ˵ȥô뿪ˡǺܿģִˣȫӵ˶ˡզզģҪӡЩֱӰﻰ˵ˣ˵ӽӻĶš
ô˵ҶʾǲӦòٵĸŮĶˣĨ˼ѵᡣûа취˵Լҵǿ׳ĺһ·棬ҲöһӦȹһʱ䣬ʵûʲôȻôǻ
ҶʱǲӦġһδҵ̬Ⱥǿң˵ͲߡҶεĴӦˡԼ˵ڶʱ䣬Ҷɽͻƻȥˡ

ڶһ磬춼ûҶɽһ˱һСͳˡҪһЩ·ĸȥˣֻҪû˵ĵطͲҪ˼ɽ׵ʿûʲô⣬ʵڲвǻҶʵô
Ǿôˣǲǲ̫õİ⻹Լʱ䣬ȴûе˼ҡɽҶʵʩչٵŷǴȥ
ʲô̫õġѵ㻹Ҫһ𰡡ҶͷҲûлأ˫ŲϵķޱȵӯÿһζܹڳȥԶľ롣
ʲôѵһʼûҪһߵİΪʲôӦ˱ˣԼʱ䣿ɽһ£һЩҶƭ˵İ
СҪѴҵİҶʻͷĺһ䣬ҲӦܷ뿪ô˵ˣӦ˾һҪһ𰡡Ҷ鷳ȥʲôȥ
ɽ˵ˣҶ˵ҲеġԼжҪһЩϴеֻӵ⡣ңһǳ˴ӵķΧˣɽҲܹԼԪΪˣôʹþôʹáɽˡڴУɽֹһֱԾϷڴбܵġô̫һЩҲֻܹŵˡ
ССӰܿľͳ˴ӵķΧһܳȥʮ·ͣ
໺ǳˡɽôԶϻһЩƣģǾͷ㡣һԪΣڵֱģǿġЩȻԪʼҶʵķԸڴʩչȻ֪ΪʲôҶʵı࣬ɽҲûжʣˡ
ɽĸ˵ӣҶҲû˵ʲôСǿı£ȴӲǱԼôãΪɽˡҲɽôȻľûǰ¶ֺġҪǻҶԼĻ˵¶ˡ
ˣɽһ߸ˣҶҲȥˡҶʵٶȲûзŻ٣һȥ΢΢𶯣ܹʮ׵ӡ
ȥʲôطһӣɽҲȤΧûһĶֵģЩвˡҶʵǸѡɽϵķˡ֮ǰ͵ϮҶһΣҶʸһȻɽͲͷˡ
ӦȥɽǣԴ̽һϢȻپ֮ȥʲôطҶ붼ûѿڶⶼҶЩġ
Ӳ̫Զĵطһɽǵĳǳأģ̫ģҲ̫СܶɽʿҪȥɽϢһ£һЩȻٶȥС
ˣǳȻ󣬵ǷǳķҲȽϵ㣬ϣ˵˾֪ġ
еʿȽϵĶ࣬˷ġΪʿ࣬Щ߻ˣҡĴˣȻҲһЩĺˡ
ҶҪȥطˡΪңϢıȽϵĿ졣ңҶǲʶ˭Ҳûʲôɵʲôģĵط㲻ˡ
ɽҲɽǵͷǴûȥ̫ˣѰ˻ǲȥĺһЩġ


918 Զ
ա
һļٵûˡҶһ£Ȼܿķӳ˹
һ£ΧպһСɽģ˳ӲݡҶҲģһסɽֱۣһԾСɽС
ҶʣʲôŪһĲݡɽ⧲֮£ͱҶȻѾڲݶˣҧһݡ
꣬Ҷʵͺһһı顣
ȣɽǲ֪׷ʲôġȹһװ˶Уɽ˹תͷҶһ£ҶһƽȻ֪ˡɽжҶʸӵˡͬʱҲǷǳɻôһӵ嵽ʲôء
ҶҲǾ÷ǳ֣ƫԶĴӣôӭô͡ӣȫѵصġʵǲ֪طʲôֵġ
ңҶʴ̽ϢʱҲһЩڸǣеһЩ飬Ҳ˲ٵġ
Ȼشλãǰ񻨵ĳءΪ񻨲һժ˭ҲûбضİܹǴˣҲࡣˣʿģǸĶǵġ
ԣһȺĻͷһεӵġ
ʲôģɽɻʵ⻹ǵһοôصӣȻЩĽŵġһǸͷ֮ϣɽҲЩĻȡ
֪ҪֻҪžͿˡҶҲ˵׼һЩõԤСԤĪģҶȥȴʲôͷ
ҶĹ۲ţЩսȫȫһĻɫܹҵôʵսǷǳĲ׵顣齨һֻӣǾǸӵĲѰˡҪĲȨʵܹ쵽
Ҷ𾪵ģЩȫʿҶʲôһ׵ĸոտżʿ͵ĶĽ׵ģ׵ġ
ôһֻʿɵӣܹѵôأǲ򵥰٣Ҷǰûпġ
һʲôıҪҶкܿľ˾ϣЩȫûһɳġڣôͻأľͳˡ
ڲŸӣЩҹ̹ģûϢ
ͣǰһסսְٴһ
뻮һסս֮⣬ûһ˿֡
ԭϢƬ̣һյĹǼǰմ˸Ŀĵز̫ԶˡΪ׵ٴεĴһȻɿսΧʳûԶȻѵصġ
ҲͬǷ뻮һġֻһĦ
ҶʾúźԷÿһ˶ȫף϶һֻ֣һ˫۾¶棬
ÿһ˵ؼ棬һİۣǵıʶİɡ
ҶʣǾЩĲԾİҪҪ۷ȥߴҡɽһľĸоúѹ֡
ţڳȥҲûã֪ԷҪʲôңȥԷܹ뿪Ҷְסɽļɽ˼£ǲûѿȻͷˡ
ҶЩǳĽֻҪҶһ¶пܱ¶ġοܳȥţԷܹ뿪ôЩ˵սкԵĻۣЩһЩѪۡⶼǳմȾȥģϴġ޲˵ˣЩһЩĺˣʲôĽɫ
ҶʳԾǣЩˣҶһľĸоġЩײʿ˵Ӧĸоġ
ҶʶԼֱǳΡҶʸӵȷˣЩ˲򵥣ȻбġΪʲôͲҶ֪ˡ
ҲҶûдҡڵ߳ȥԭ򡣲ȻĻЩ˶ҶģٶһҶʶ
ڣֻܹˣһһǸʲô
סε鲻׼й¶ȥһ˿ȻĻ֪ġУ˶εǷǳӵġȻ죬ǾҪԲڣǰΪ׵ʿһһڣսԶ˹
աܿľԶȥˣһƬ̤Ĳݵء
ҶҲɽһԾˣԶȥɫϵı任ҶֱǸԼòҪ׷ȥģǹԼеġҪĲȥⱲӶ᲻ġ


919 һ
ҶʣҪ㲻ȥĻһƲġܿľûӰˣɽԽԽˡҶʶݺݵ˵
Ʋð߰ɡҶε̾ܿľ¶˾ġ
ȥʲôطѵĲôˣ˸ϴġôӾͲأɽˣҶһĺڣԼһˡ
ð˵ʲôء㣬ĿǵӰˡҶŭˣһͷĺߣֱʧķȥ
ȵҡɽܿľͷӳ˹ˣٵĸҶʵȥ

УҶǷǳġǱҶɽΪҪܶġЩ׼һЩƽϲʳЩ׼һЩҹ첹·ѡһľ׳ĺӴţҪȥҶɽ
ҶʣˡܹˣҪˣ쵽˿ɽǵģֻܹ˯ҰˡһƽϲҶϲĲ˵긾ôҶɽķš
оĵģûκεĻӦҲû⣬ֻ˯ͷˡС˵飬һҲǺܶġһͲýҶʾͷ˵ġ
Ƭ̣ûκεĻӦôҾЩԵˣȻ󣬵һֱôûܹ˳ѵİ
ɽˣˡҶʵܵҲѡҶʲӦȻֻɽˡ
Ƭ֮󣬻ûκεĻӦЩˡһ´ţžôĴˣûз
к࣬Сסһ㶼ңʰľġǴûˣҲûˡлʰ·ʲôĶˡ
ˣĺӣǲҹľˣһһ֣ʲôһľš
ӣƽʱͺģ˵ֿܵġôһ˵ȻҲżˡӣͨĺӺǲһСͷǳʲôҪʲôҪܹס̫ĳ֡ҲǴϲԭ
ô죬ô졣⻹ӣҶʣ갡Ҫʲô⣬Ǹôأ
ʲôô죬׷
ԣ׷СӣܹжôٶȡǸϽ̣Ͽ׷ǡ
Ҷ벻ǣԼɽĲ鷳ҵ͵ܣôĻҡ
һȺ˾ʧ˴ӿڵʱԶʹȻżǻǱסˡộȫûмġ
һȺ˶סˣֹס˽Ųûмǰ
һ£ɽΧĴʲôطΪ׵ʿûĺš
һȺ֪ȺʿΪʲôĿģԵǲϤΧһС
˵ĻɽΧֻôһӣǵ󡣡Ȼף곤ӴĻӦš
ǾˡϼҴڵģǴŸǴ·ģҪػǸʲôءʿʵһ㶼ͣҶõġ
ʱӵҹ̵ĸϵģ˵Ӧǲ©ϢġͿһȺԵҪԶŵĴ磬ʿ
ܹõϢܹǸһġһµĸ֣òԡ
˵ЦˡбǿߵĺӣսĴˣźҪҸĸⲻҹˣҲ͡ǵ̫С˿ڣȥǡ곤ĴӶԷĻио˲Եġǲûб¶ĻشŶԷ⡣
Ǿǡ֪·ϿûСһӣһһЩҲʮͷЩֻʻûнһĶеĸ˿ѯʡ
ûпǿˣҲȥˣ۷˻ȥʱȻġΪ׵ţ𽥵ı䡣
ˣǺ⣬֪ʲôð˵ĵطôԷĻɵӶ˲ˣСѯš
壬סһڶǴ˲ûлشȻǰ͵һӣڴš
ǣһʵսѥƥϵײų
һȺһ£ܹѵսʿ˶꣬Ȼͨġǰ˳ȥԶķֿƹΪ׵ʿǴ
һĶ飬沿Ψһ¶ӣ˸ĵĺ⣬顣


920 վס
ǳ׵ķֲԾˡ֪ΪΣ˴鷳ˡҪ֪ǶƫԶĵطʶĳ棬һ˲䶼ŵЩŲŲˡ
һʿһ޴ĴȫһɱһʼǴעģҪֱӰӸ
λ⣬żܹ񻨣ӻ뵱ƶġôƶĵطȻ˵ʲôԻģʿûһȻˣҲԸȥġһˣһ񻨳׬ǮĿԶûеˡ
ǿܣǶǵ󡣡о׳ĺӴţȻһվȺǰ档
ȻΪԼֵܹסĳġֻǵʱˣѾûκεİ취ˡܹ΢ĸһĸһЩɢܵʱǹˡ
Լʱﻹ˵ϵءȻѡһǾ൱ѡˡһ㣬Ҷǳġ
Ⱥвٵľ׳ĺվˣһı׳һ̣Ǿͽһˡܹ٣ǲԼ˳ɹˣͲܹ֪ˡ
ǣҪǸȺһĻǿ϶һҪߵġ
и˴ţҪԼɷǰ
ۡһѩĵһŴõͷ­б˳ȥѪͷʬ壬ϵš
ǰĸʶĽסһͷ­ûüˣ˹ֱӰѸ˸Ϊ롣
߰ǻŸʲôȻҲеһγûг׵ɱľ׳ӣѪУûг׵ȥŻЩɵĴ񣬷˱
Ѫɵĳ棬ñǻȺøӵĻҡһεĳɱҲûżЩܡ
һĶ˾裬ĸӦţӦҪԸǸˡǰôȻôһָҲаǿ߸ͼġ
Щ񣬾·ܹܵʲôطȥءһЩʱ䣬Ҳܹ׵׷ϵġ

Ҷʣôĺôоôĺ¡ҶɽŴиɽסؿڣЩ˵
ϻЩ鷳ˡҶҲǸоԾˣЩֱг˹ȥƣҪֱİ
ȻҶǲ̫ڵĿʼǱһľġ̫ڵĿױ¶ġľĸоҶǼǵ÷ǳģ˿һһ¶鷳ġ
ҶʵʶԶԶĳɽһһϡǣҶں޲ɽһ¡ɽʲôûиоҶѾܹӦǰһеˡ
һγɱʱҶʾѾǸӦˡǸ߸ߵƮͷ­ҶޱȵϤ컹ǳĵ˵ҪԼ˫ףڣôˡ
Ȼ÷ǳԶǸоԼǰһҶʵۿһ˲ͺˣĿѡ
Ǹ̫ԶˣҶʸոոӦʱ򣬾ѾǷˣҶҲûʲô취
ҶʣӦˣԲԡ׷ôҡҶʵϢ仯̫ˣߵɽôܻӦء
֣ǰһ֪ˡҶɽʲôġֻסɽٴεǰԾһء
һΣɽҲܹĸӦˣԶı̫Զˡ˺ѷεģɽֻǾүү˵ʱôĿ޹
еı˲Ⱦɽ
Ҷʣʲô߰ɽҪǰߣǱһֱСָסˣɽôûа취ѿתͷҶһޱ飬Ǿǲɽǰ
վסҶҲͺһûɽɺ۾͸ķ
ҶʣҪԹôϴҼʱôһΣžҡڣȻҪôǰ㲻ˡһ꣬ôģĶӲɡЩĶӻҪúܶࡣڣڱɱȴܹվסѪҲѪ֡ɽȴ޷ѣһҧֱǰҶץסĲָ˺ˡ
Ҷһе·ƬֱӾͱˡһı˿ռĲֱӰɽ˹Ȼһɽϣһ㶼ûֵġ
Ҹ㣬Ҵʲôʵ顣ҪҲϲֱӾ͵ˡαôһٵ飬˷ʱ䡣֪֪ҵʱжôı󡣻УҪĮҺαش۷Ҷʰɽ˵ϣ˵


921 ҲϣڶΣ
ҶһȻ˵ˣͬǲģֱӰɽˡɽҪģǿҶǱɺ۾ɽһ£Ȼ죬ҷ
ղŵĻҾ͵鼱֮µķƨҼסҲϣڶΡɽ侲һЩҶҲһѹһԼŭ𣬡ڸҿ϶ԷڵȵһǡԸӵ׼ȷһЩԷȵľҡ
Ϊʲô㲻Աô̵Ǹ국Ѿɱˣ˭֪㣿ɽҲƽһ飬ոȷʵ̫ڵļſڲԵ˵ĻģɽҲûеǸΪɽ֪ҶʲҪǸ
ô֪֮ǰСɽ϶ŵʱ򣬿̫Ҿһľĸоȫû˿Ĳʡڣոһ˲оڴҵ壬ЩʹǣͬûκεĸоҶҲԸŵģΣҶʲòˡ
ԼĪϵģҶʶûŪΪʲô񣬲ǸոճĵͷԼˡĶҶ˵Եһɱ
ôܣЩȻҾÿ¡ܾǱ˺ܶࡣֱϣ֮ȡɽͲţȻͬûа취ҶʵǳЩһֱҶһʱҶҲ¶һġ
ˣɽҶʵʵһŵĹƵġЩȻ˵ͬĿ£ɽܹԸġϢʲôģԶԶûҶʵƳġ
Ҷ֪ɽܻ᲻šҶԼ޷šԼͻȻϵģû֮κ˽ӴôͻԶҪԸԼ˿ԼĶ
µ֪ʲôĶȻܹԼǿơ
ʲôôܡ⻹û˽֣ôѾˣɽҶ쵽ǰһֱֻۣ
ҶʵֱϣĶǽɫС㣬еĽɫѪҺֱܲۡ£ҫŵĽ⡣
Ϊ֪ҶʵѪҺǽɫġһɽûʲôҶʽ̸ԼĲġҶԼĹ᲻ý̸ԼҶʺ˵˵˵ΪԼģʺˡ
ɽšҶûа취ȳһѪҺɲõĽɫޱȵҫۡһϡɽԼָһɺѪҺӲӵѪҺԱߣ˲ͳΪġȻɽͲˣʵʵԼĹ
Ҷʵķͬǲö˵ġ֮ǰҶһѪǴûпҶѪġһҶޱȵǱĻģϵ·ȫˡǣҶʵҲһĿӡ
⻹ûнӽԷûг֡ҶѾˣɽǺȻһսôôԶܹ˻ҶˡҪǿˣܹô졣Ҷʿ϶ᱻϵģɽȫûһսʵ
ڣɽˣΪҶǺܷŭģȴԼҪԼǰ
ţһпҪԾǴȫˣҲҪ֡ûУҶĶɽǳࡣ⻹ɽôһοҶôġ
ãġɽȭͷ嶼ڲϵĲǣҶѾǸʵˣҶʶûа취һСС׵ʿܹôء
˵仰ɽԵǳĳһ嶼иʧȥе
ҪԣҶʳȥΣգɽȥһ·һͷһȣȥˣҲֻǶһѡߣߡƴԵɵ˺ҲǷǳ޵ġ
İɣûôġҶҪοɽһ£˵ĻԼǲŵġ
ûô⣬Էֱɱˣܹбôˣʲôûˡ
߰ɣСһЩҪ¶ˡҶɽ˵Ȼ󻺻ǰȥ
ҶߵķǳĻɢһȫͲҪȥ˵ġ
ҶʳܵѹǳĴǿֲɱһһҶϮҶʸоһѵƬԼصиһڵͬһ㣬ҲǲɢŵĽ⡣
Ҷʴһ·һЩܹڵסССĵطڻĿɽһֱǳĬĸҶʵ󣬶ҶʣҲûһ˿ıӣֻŵǣҶڵ״ôá


922 ǰ
Ҷʵ·ЩʪȻ˵ʲô¶ˮʲôģ̤Ĳݵô¶ˮ
ȻҲҶĺˮҶʵɽûҶȻҲˡ
Ҷʵ·һ˿ĽɫˣЩĳʪϡɽɵҲ֪ǱҶʵѪҺȾʪˡ
Զӵʿ֣ɢٵĺΧ˹ʿΧм䡣ȫ棬һԲ
еʿһľСľзģܲľеÿһ䣬ǻһ
ᡭʱľ΢΢ĲһܼײȻڲ΢΢Ҫ
ĶɢһְԵĹâڲĶ޷
ӦǱ¶ˡԶĶҶʵ˵ɽһʯͷĺ档
ͬʱҶеľĸоӵǿˡӦԼϢԼϢĸӦҲǸӵǿˡ
ô죿ɽСĿʵҶʵĶͷȻһϸܵĺ飬ɽ÷ǳĲ
ȡҶͷҲصĻشߣʯͷĬĬĵԼ塣
ȣҪȵʲôʱ򣬾ôĺôɽЩżҲûдߴҶˡ
ûǵȡԷҲӦˣӦûа취ȷǵķλȻֱӳˡڰǵѹҪӵĴһЩĲŶԡڣͿ˭ĵù˭ˡ
Ҷʵ˵ʱ򲻸óȻĳȥһǳȥʧȥڰеȨˡ¶ڶԷҰ֮£ǳΣյġ
ҶʼֱҪЦˡǰһǹʱҲûаҶʱȵôСĶܵġ
û뵽һǵһսͰԼȵĲˡҪ˵ԷҶʶûа취͸еǿҲˡ⻹һȺҶʶôʿƫƫЩʿЩĹŹ֣ҶʲòСġ
ҪǲˣֱӶô죿ɽЩǡôȻǺõģܹʱܡǾǵĶԷˣֱӵĳˣǾͷǳ鷳ˡ
ͬʱҲˣЩ˾ΪҶר̸ġҶŸոյĳ֣Էûз֣ͱȵĶԷˡҲǸȡʱˡ
Ҳûа취ֻܹȥˡҶʳĳһѹסķӿˡ
ʱǣ֮£ԶľвҲǱࡣ
ǾеʿȻǵһӦˣüͷӵˡ
Ȼ֪˭ʲôӡҲ֪ͬ˭ǳɣѾǸӦϢˣ֪ҵľ㡣ǣҺܺ棬ô©˷ģȻǰľͱܿˡʿһغ
ҶһֻסɤӣԼӵĵͳһ£ſڵ˵䣬ȻԼѡһ
󱲣ͬ棬ô֪ҵĴڵġȻôԶ˹ҶʴĺţޱȵƮǴ˷һңޱȵĲϣԭȫĲһˡ
ǰô֪Ĵڵģ㲻Ȼ̸Ϊ󱲵ģһǻʵʵĸġʿôδûҶʱ¶ԼλõɡǣҶȻҲ֪һġʴˣƮ죬ûа취ʿöǸıġ
󱲣㻨ӣǲҪϷǰʹõĺáҪϷļЦˣǾˡҶôܻȥҪǵģĳȥ
ʿü˵ģǸ˱ضǿޱȵġǲǹģҪҶʵģҶʾòм
ֻҪҶʳˣͳɹ˵һˡӻĸһԸǸ˵ġȻ֪⵽ʲôҲûҪ򿪡ǿô֣µģصصĸһοھ߶֪һһı
ǵУӾģǶ˵ĴڡͻȻֵˣȻôģ϶Ҳͬ˲á
ͬģҶʵʲô֪ĴڡЩҲʿҪ֪ġһֱûģΪʲôδĵǲɱˡ
ǰ˵֪Щ˵Ҫ㲻Ҿֻܹˡֵµֵܶǲ֪صģҪʲôصģҾͲ֪ˡʿüͷ˵⻰Ȼ˵ʮֵĿевǸ˾ܹˡ


923 ֣
࣬һЩûʲôĴ鷳ʲô¡ʿĻҶʻû˵ʲôһߵɽѾǺ޺޵ˣͬʱһȭһԵʯͷϣһİݡ
ҶʵɽһۣɽһȻջȭͷԼԪ
ҶͬǺð𣬶Է֪ͨʲô֪ġȻĿ϶϶ԼЩһȡһҶʺǱԼİѱԷץţֻҪԷ϶ܹԼȥġ
ǰ㲻ĲǵİɡǿҪֵˡ֪̫ˣܹڵġʿ˰죬ҶʲôĶĿڣԷʩϵѹ
ڣҪ˭ȳסˡ˵ʿҪƽľһЩġҶʵİѱץţʱżľҶʵˡ
ǺǺǣЦǵϷθɡϷ򲻹ǡ·˵أαΪЩƴҶʵ˵ǳĮ벻м
ʿƬ̵ĳĬľͱҶʸŪ˹ȥˡҶ˵ôľ飬ֱƲ˹ϵֻ˵ܹҵû˵ЩûйϵһͿӣϵ˼ΪҶɳˡ
Ȼǰô˵ˡҲˡʿ˵һĲ
Ҷɽж΢΢һԷĿҪŹ˴һ˵Ǻ¡ֻҪǶȫˣҶʿĴɽԶȥֻҪҶҪߣҪʲôģ׷Ҷʵġ
ǣҶɽȻǿĵ̫һˣֻʿٴ˵ɱɡûʲôˡܹκ֪
еǴӦһһսȻ󻺻ĵתͷ˳ĶΡ
󱲣ɱ¾̫࣬ĳͷôɲʲôİʱҶʲòˣҪЩԼǰԼʲôû˵ĻҶʶԼˡ
ǰҲǷǳεİǱһֱŵȻֹˣЩ˶ˣȻǲܹڵˡˣôһĹЩ˶Ҫӳǵ߷ΧˡٹһҪ׷ˡʿҶʡ֪ԼҶʵĶ֣к󱳵Ķʿд󶨡
ҪҶʲµĻʹҡڵ߳ˡαصȵڵءĥĥģ˵˺£мɵô
ȥҶʵĶɽ˵һ䣬Ȼ󻺻ʿķǱС
ɽսȭͷֻСûôĿʱﵽ۷塣
Ҷ֪д鷳ģѡ˳ȥԼҲ֪ԼѣֻܹšһæﲻϣΪҶʵۡ
󱲣к֮£ôʵ̫ΥˡЩǿǣҲ֪Ǵʲôطġܹ˵һЩʲôȥ˵ˣʺĵطһװ˻ôҶСǰţһ˵ɢԷע
ǰôĹĨǵģαءֱ˵Щн鲻ͺ˵ôһҪŪӡʿʼֻƽϣСĵĸӦΧһС
ڹ֧ߵˣһȥ׷ЩеǿʩѹһδûйԼöԷ׼ʱ͵ϮĴ㡣
ڣʿԿ϶ԷһڻĿԼʲôطͲö֪ˡĺУٴεĴ𶯣һһµײʿĺ󱳣ʿѡ
ðɣҾǰӣȲȥʰЩˡӡʿͻȻһЩ˳ȥʿܿľ͵תͷس˹
ҶüԷ̫ƻˡȻóһСԼ׼͵ϮǱ˹ط϶ǻҶʱ¶ġ
Ҷûг͵ϮԷҲûʲôʧҶǵٴεһΰˡ
ôǴ׬ҶôĶֻбԷŪˡ
ҶѾǳˣʱҪѾˡ䱻ԷʧȥȻҶʻȻȳ֡
ȥҶһŭûԼˡǳһ½סԼӡ
ʿܿľͷҶʣͿһССͻȻԾԼճ˹
ʿƬ̵һʼ֪ԷǼװģ˿ܻܶġǣʿôҲ뵽ôᣬ˵ɵˡ


924 ɱ֮
̫Сˣ˲šʿĲ֪ôСһǺӵˣܹжôңСӷɹʱԵûκεԪġôĴ󶯸ɸ꣬ЩĹ˵İɡ
룬ӷԸ黹ҪġܶʲôģǻеӤֻҪ˵ˣǾͱҪɱ
ҶҲ˶Էеӣ˫Ŀкһ΢΢
ãʿͻȻһ˿ϽҶĳһơڵԪȫתһĹŰеҶʳ˹ȥ
ԶɽĿɿڴԶܹӦǺ˵ĲһĹҲɼҶ̫СˣֻǸƵʮ֮һĴС
ҶûгֵıڵֽҲ̫ˣú鷳ȭʼ࣬һƣڻ
ҽ̤һ㣬ֲ˲䱬ǹֱӾˣǿľɢӲǱһεĵһʮֵ롣
һŲƣҶʵӿٵʿȥƴһȭǺݺݵǰ˳ȥˡͬûκεԪĿռ䶼ŤʿԼҪݽȥˡ
ΣĹͷʿһѳľУҶӭȥ
ҶʵϢεʱľѾķǳľˣʿҡȥˡʱʿһѵĳ˹Ҷʸˣǳɱ˲˳ľϵķĵѹƣҲѹƲסˡ
䡱ҶһȭľϡƬ춼ҪˡǱҶʵǿѹȵġ
˲䣬˾˵Ľ貣ɱҶʶ˵գ˲ıն÷顣
ʿѪ˳ȥµսͱһص⡣ʿϣҲǳϸܵĽۣÿһѾǿ˹ͷˡ⻹ʿǺӣеĶûĹĽ
ҶҲѪ˳ȥϳ˺ܶĿֲѪǰ͸ɫѪҺ˳˿ž˵ɱھһʱ֮˿ֹס
ҶüͷĳľеĶȽϡǰΪɱʢĻľеĶȫʧȥɫʡ
СӣСˡ壬Ի̫ǿˡһ㣬ıˡǸ϶бġôҲܵİɡʿڵĿѪǾܺãҶʹЦš
ҶʵӦûʲô⣬ĺӵĴСһЩϹŶǿߵĶ仯ġʿзǳ𾪣̫츳ˣɳǡϧˡ
˶ܹôҾ͸ˣʵȫݶԷʱûʲôõġҶĻؾ˶Էһ䡣ԷȻҽԼСӣҶʾ÷ǳĲˬ
ôеĶҲᵽˡµһ㶼ûдΪ׼ġڱˣⶫһöûеġȻӵУĶˡʿеĶǳǰʹãͬûд򿪺ӣǺгɱܹضʧɫġ
ǷǳĲǲһѳֵı͸ˡҾͲˣֱӾˡҶʵ˵ղŹɲǣǶֱӴӴ͸˺ӣ͸һģȻҶôܻ˳ǣʿȻûпġ
ʿֱ³һھѪľ֮ϣȻ˼ӡľϵķĿʼǸˡӻĿ¶һǡڲĽӵĿֲˡ
ƿһһ߾ϴ˺ϡ
ʿһеĺ˲ȫˡڲĽţһߡ
һѽɫĳ˲ĳ˳ɱȫͲΡɱ۶ɵĳһɱ¾֮
˻ʽҶһ£ʧ
ⳤ˻ʽһģһģǳ̣ǴСǽϿ̻һЩʲôġͬһģһġ
ѽϿ̻ǰǻ㣬ޣȫϢһѰѳʵĳһ
һ㣬˻ʽȫһġ˻ʽʵ֮䣬һɱ֮
ǣѽǾ˵ƣҲѹҶʻᾪˡ
ʿüͷǴ֣ǲ֪ǰô֪
˲ƿգΪһߵ⣬Ҷʳ˹ƣҪҶʸһΪˡ


925 ߣ
Ҷʵ嶼ˡ˲һ߲һӣպǶһε
һȭֱӴ˳ȥǽ
ϡһضڲֱӱҶʸб˳ȥˡǾ˵ɱҶһȭɢˣոѳΪϸСĲ֡
ҶҲ˳ȥȭͷһƬѪģһһɭɭİ׹Ƕ¶˵ġ
ҶʲȥԼȭͷѪȭͷе޸ոһȭȥĳ˲ıһΡ
һ̣ҶʸоƬض˹ˡǳ£ȫ˾˵ɱⳤŰҶʸ˵ġ
ҶˣԲԼ˻ʽˣΪԼһѡԼԽ˹Ī޸ˡ
ڿⲢԼ˻ʽһЩ䣬ȫѲͬĳ
˻ʽ壬ϣϵۡǰѳ壬ǸۡѽΪɱ¾ɱ¾ģΪ˻һС
൱һˡǰִӵĴ⣬ȫıˡôˣ˾Լĸ顣ŵܹ˼Ҳȱ㣬¡
Ҷʺ˼ʱǳٴεĵת˹ˡҶʳɱ˹һ㶼ûиҶƬ̵ĴϢʱ䡣
Ҷһǿǣʶֻܹò֣ôţȫûЧӦԵİ취Ҫִ֪ȻҶʣҶҲͬĿ
ڣһѳͬ޼᲻ݣҶʵϵƾͱƽˡңһѳܹӳһֵĵģҶʲ߱ơ
貰磬ϵҶʡҶһ˫۵ȭͷҲĻ裬ǰȭͷĲӰһƬ
ҶȻܹ俪貵ĽâǼܲסǰڽâеĳĹǽܴѾǶ˺üĿӡÿһƤⷭ˳Ѫģġ
Ҷ֪ȥذɣĶҪԷġǿĻָһȫֲġɱܹЧֹסҶʵĿֲ
ҶһݣܵʿĲٿصģǾֱӰʿɱˡǳǱ֮»ԼҲҪϲٵˡ
Ҷʴһ˫ȭͬһʱ׼ȷĴǳ֮ϡķɳȥԶҶʵһֻȭͷҲǶһֲĴ󶴡
Ҷʲܲˣǿͻʿٵĳ˹ȥ
ʿȻ֮£ûб仯һ˫۾˾ҵĲȻǱҶʸסˡ
ȥҶԾʿٵ˹ȥһȭնŰݡ
ʿһֵĴУǸı䲻ֱӵˡһĿֱӵѵˣڲҲֱӱѿˡմȾѪƬܷ䡣
ʿʱ򣬻ٴεһӡǱҶʴ˳ȥĳȥĿ죬ĸӵĿ١
ۡһƤ˺𣬰еҶֱӵıĵ˳ȥؿڳһǰ͸Ĵ󶴡ǳĴž˵ɱϸ齣˿ɢ
Ҷʱĵ˳ȥصˤ˵ϡ
΢ļһؿڵƣҶʾһ亹ҪʶҶǼʱıܿһ㣬һͿҪҶʵˡ
͸ѪܹˡҪҶʲܿôһ㣬϶ͱˡҶʿûаԪûе޸Լġ
ҶҲͬĲܡֻܹǿ壬еıԴҶʵ˻ʾѪϳ˿ڣѪҺȾ͸Ҷʵ·ʧѪҶʾǷǳˡ
ԶرʿʱҪˡҶʱҪһģ̫ڵˡңһѳһԣ֪ʲôʱٴεĶҶʷɱһ
ԲסǾˡҶֹ˵һ䣬Լ˭Ҳġ
̧һ壬ĵ治ϵĲƤҶһŸˡЩ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ٵز
ҶͷҲصľˣԼٵԶȥҵ˻ʯͷɽһȥʮҲѹƲסԼƣͷһ˹ȥˡ
Ҷʳ̫죬ɽǲҪĿ񱼣һεĵɽԼˤ˳ȥ
ɽҪһЩʲôģǿҶѾǻ˹ȥ֪ɽһѱҶʣתԼ׵Ԫеһɽ˹ȥ


926 ˣ
ҶֻǾԼǳ̫ˣҪôһԶѹǱ˼ҶʣҪôķĻ϶ҲѲˡҶвʣǿеĳš
Ҫ۾Ƥһɽһƽʱܼ򵥺ɵ飬һ̱ޱȵѡ
ѾܹӦԼ״ˣʶҶǣоȻ΢ԪĲˡ
Ҷϲ⣬ת˵еԪһȦһȦģϵ׳ţȻؿֲ˿ڳȥǽš
ҶʵԪȻȽϵϡǿѪѾǽ˺ܳʱˡҶԪĲ൱ѹյһݣؿڵĽǱҶʳɢ˵ġ
ܹԵĸоؿڵѪ֮ǰӵлˡط˿ڣҶѾûȥˡ
һΣ׵ĳ˯˹ȥˡ״ȴĺת˵ġ
һεɽɽԵ÷ǳʪΨһһĵطҶ˯ŵģһƽ̹ʯͷϡʯͷһɲݣҶʾ档ֱӲʯͷӴ
ɽץֻҰӣÿס˶ڵɽУǶһЩĹߡ
ɽܿľ˽ȻɽٴεıڡѲסɽ׵ʿѾܹҹӵˡңɽ̫ڣֻҪӦ˻ܹɽеһеġ
ɽһڵȪۣɽߵȪ۵ԱߣİƤϴȻ֮ǰĸɿݵ֦𣬰ֻ˶ҰӸ
ؿϵǺһЩˡԪĲҲʧˣɫҲǺ˺ܶˡôѹءɽٴεļһҶʵһˡ
ǰЩҶʵһֱûкתļ󣬻ڲϵĶ񻯣ʵɽܳԾġҶʾôĹˡ
ڳȥ̽ϢеǸʲôɽĲȥˡҲȫҶ֮ǰѡֵʱеôľ
ôǿҶʣԼСȥˡҪܵĿ죬Ŀܾˡ
ǸԷʲôöûС
Ȼûȥ̽飬ɽ֪´˶ѾˡΪˣɽǼ춼û˯õˣ۾ͨġֻҪһȥе˾һһĳԼǰȻʲôû˵ǶһĮĶԼ
ÿһεѹɽһͷ亹ġ֪ٴΣЩĽҶˡˣȻûиıʲôϲԼôļ尾ġ
ɽҲ֪ԼҶһĳȥҲûʲôãûнӽ˾ѾˡɽǿƲס룬һӹȥ
ȿȡҶ۾ЩǺǣ¡
ҶʣѹˡǺ£ôĹҵˣô졣ɽ춼ûʲôʳǶˡ̻ʵóŶҶʷֱӶеĿ⣬Ҷʳ˹ˡ
ˮˮҶ˼Σ̫ˣûгԼ塣˵
ʲôˮŶõģһ¡ɽոհҶʸҶҪˮһɿҶʣܵһȥҶʴˮȥˡ
Ҷǰһڣˤһ߻صģٴεıɽˤιȥҶһΣҲˡ̫ڵһûˡ˵ͻԼʣµһġ
ɽЩһ׵ʯ룬һЩϽˮȻٴεС˹ٴεķҶʣιҶʺˮ
ҶʴڴڵţɤӶҪðˡ֪ԼѾûմˮˡ£Լ֮ûкˮˡҪԼ幻ǿ˸ŪҪɽˡ
һˮܿ¶ˣҶ촽ܾɽһҪ
гԵôҶŵŨŨζмһЩζЩУſʵ
УոտõģȻѹˡãȻҪһеóԵˡɽĴӦٵĳ嵽һߣһֻĽƵĿõҶʵǰ
Ҷ֮ǰľηšȻɽܿʱٴεֱӵɿҶʡҪҶʺˮָ֮һЩֱ֧סԼ϶ٴεıˤ˵ϵˡ
˳ɽ뿪ķҶʿһѻûȼ˲ˣΪɽлŨҵˡ
ǷյĿռУɽһԿ⡣Ҳ°ԼŪϢİ


927 㲻ϲԣ
ɽҪ̺ҶʳԶġǿҶʳԵķǳĴڣͬûгԶɽҲ̲סˣץһ߱ԼӴڵĿ
һֻӺܿľͽҶʵĶӣҶ̫ˡҶҲûҪһֻǿһֻֻӣҶʸոյѹʱʳʲô¡
һ˶ˣҶʶ˶ͷһЩˡǰˡ
ˡɽͣһ£ȻĻһ£Ҷһ𰸡
ˣôãҶԵһµģûʱĸҶΪͼӰˡ
ţͷ״ԽԽ⣬Ҫҵһ϶һɫǰ忪ʼ⣬ؿڵҲϡȹâɢȥɫ˺ܶ࣬ǻǵȵ˽˹ɽ϶˵ЩҶˣҲΨȫ񶼷ҶʵϣɽúһЩġĵȥ뵽е顣
֮ǰ״̬ʱ򣬻еҶҲиоģԼҪˡ巢ҲʱʼģҶԼתԪЩɱҶΪû̵ѹˣұԭҶʽε˯С
ʲôҶٴεĿڣѯֻɽҲΨɽˡ
ɽͣ˺ܳʱ䣬һΣɽû˵ִ֮ͣڴڵ˺ҧеĿãڷйһ
ιǺǻҪһ𰸵İɡҶüͷַ֪ʲô񾭡
𰸣ʲô𰸣ʲô֪ѵҪҸ㣬ҺȻһֱţҳȥôɽ˶תҶʣź𵽡
ڲ֪жôǿʱ򣬻û˶ֹɽԾԾԵġЩûʲôǲУһҶڵġ
ѪҶսܣ֮ɽһ˲ֽűҶܵɽеʱɽ嶼ڲϵĲ
ܶʱ򣬶Ѫӿʱһ㶼ẦµġѪ˼·ʼʼǰʼҵǿֿ־оϮͷ
Щ죬ɽΪΣҪˡڣҶ˹ˡɽһˣһαװļǿҲǲüάȥˡ
ûȥûȥʲô𡣺ǺģҪȫҪȫʲô£Ҳž¡ûȥҲãһ㱻ץסˣȻ˭չءңϢҲԼۿķḻİҶ˲ľˣοɽһ¡
Լ׿ϾĺӰô飬ûзѾǲˡ
⺢̫ˣŶ꣬;ôˡǰĵطûˡ
ҶʣǲͦûõġǿүүԼǰԼʲôܹİ˳˵ġΣŴеѣͬǰﲻæԹ㣬һܹʲô㺦㶪ԼԭΪ֮󣬾ܹǿԼѡΪʲôԼǿʱѾͷˡɽʹץԼͷ˵š
вϲԣʲô鶼ԸġϲԲ׼ʱ䣬ҪԼȥʱᡣӰ˼Σ뷨ʿʱʱ̵̿ĶҪеġҶƽ˵ʿµģʲôİšʱʱ̵̿ĶΣʶһֱŬûдġ
ɽǷǳʹ࣬˵Ҷİοһɽȫĺת˵ġôˣɽεˡʲôû뵽ÿһֶԼˣΪԼĹҽһɽϲĸо
ҶҲɵȥˣ֮ǰͷɽľ״̬ǳĲáҶʻû̫⣬飬ôĶԼӰġڣҶʷЩˡԭɽΪԼʲôæûаϣûеȥԶţǼˡ
ɽúõʹһúõķйһҲǷǳѡ
ˣҶʲȥɽˡɽڵʹޡ
ҶǴ˳Ƿǳġȥɽһ߳Ҷʲ֪ʲôʱ˯ˡ
ҶٴʱɽѾûʲôˡ˯һ״̬һЩ
ˣԶɽһʱͷҶѹˣݸҶһֻҰǸոտõġ
ҶҲץžͿʼΪ֮ǰˣȹˮԹҶʵľ״̬ҲҪġ


928 
ҶȻѹˣ״̬̫ãɽдһЩӡ
ҶѹˣɽİȫһЩıϵˡȥΧ̽һҲûи߶Զ
ϢҲ֮УΧûʲô쳣ҲûдӲݱ̤ĺۼЩʿӦû׷ġ
ǱҶʸסˡΪҶǲΧҲǼ򵥵ļҶǲصĹεģûз֡
ԪİҶʺܿľȥ˿еɱ뽣ľˣҶʵ˺Ѿϣʼˣڹ˶þܹȬˡ
Ҷʲһϲŵˣοڻһɥ֮ȮһĲšڵ״̬սûģֻҪٴεǼԼĿƵıҶʿ˵ǻô޵еģôŵġ
ˣҶʴɽɽˣܹܲһֱŵİɡϴսѾǹȥһµˡҶǻ˰µģȻ˰¡
ҶֱӴɽŴӵķǰģôҪȥһġһʲô
ҶţȻòˡҪǴҶˣҲҪȥʬʲôġҲʵһԼǺ˼ġ
ǻĿǷǳСġҶ˵Ƿǳε顣ôҶˣ϶ʲô򵥵ġ£Ȼǻܵġ׵ʲôˣЩԴˡ
ȺڳХʱį}ˡ
𡭡ͻҲһķŭĺ
⻹һЩУͳȵ
Ҷɽһ㶣Ȼɫ䡣뵽ĳһֿܵǣһ˲Ǵһ
ߣҶһԾһȵŴӵķ˹ȥ
ǰһУҶȼޱߵŭ嶼ڲϵĲ
õģȻǱЩǿĹжȾһѪɫǣǹȥһȻ˱ǶѪζġڳڵɹҲһЩĸζС
֮ԻôҰ޺ʳԵûΪӵ⡣Щǰط˽ʳصˡ
ҶʲûмѪȵĳ档ڵĴųһվҶɱʹͲֹе˿ġǰһУҶĺθڲϵķҶʲ˳
дҰ޳ԵģⰡңҶʶģһġôȫʯȻĶСøŵ˱ǵѪζҶʶûˡ
ˡҶ췢һŭ˹һ㡣ڴеҰȫҶһ֮±һѵ⡣
ҶǴûôķŭǰֶ̫º͵ˡ֪ʲôʲôֵĶֱˡ
һ̣ҶҪ˸˺˵ġΪ˴񱨳𡣻ΪԼҶʶñҪ˸Ūˡ
Ҷٶ̫ˣֱǰɽԶԶ˦˵ġˣҶʵ˵ʱɽƴĸ·ҶʵŭɽȫǾҵĲһ¡һ˲ʧȥԭýҲóٶŲصǰĴȥ
˱ǵѪζѾܹŵˣɽĳ˹ȵסԸԵ飬ڻǷˡ
ĽŲҶʴһֹɽǰ
ǰһĻľǵǼʶҶʣҲЩܲ˵ġοɽ»ġҶʴһѻȼӣȻɽ
ɽӦǰţʬһ
ҽûôҶһӣǿľֱӵİɽ˳ȥˡ
ˣ˶ԲԡҪһۡɽϵƽĿʵ
˵꣬ҲҶͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬ǰ
Ҷʵٴε̧Ҫӳȥʱ򡣿ɽϢˮˮʺ죬۽ǣĿġ
Ҷ̾һ֪뵽ʲôջԼơ
ҶԤϵһɽڿǰ޳ʱǰһڣˤˡҡ£סԼ塣ǿĺӣ˳ˡ
ˣƫҪҶɽĺ󱲣ǰο
Ҫ𣡡ɽ˵һ仰Ȼ󳹵׵˹ȥ
һµļ尾ڽ֤ʵˣеĻҪԽܡɽ׵ıˡ


929 ɽǣ
ҶʰɽȻһߡɽ˵ιȥҲǺ¡ǰ龰̫ˣ˶ɽûкô˵ǻŤġ
еǵģȫͿˡҪռҲûʲô취ڣѾû˻ˡҲûʲôˡȻ˶ˣҲԳΪ̵ˡ
ҶʵȼһѻֱӵİӸȼˡһеģôѻһյ˰ɡ
ܵȼգӳҶʵһҲȾһĨΣҶʵܸӣʱʱ˭Ҳ֪ҶʵһЩʲô
ȼһһҹų׵ϨҶҲվǰһһҹûжһµġ
ɽֻ˰죬˹Ҳ޹ûҶһעȼյĴӣĬĬĸеС
ߺãҶʻΪǱġҶʿųΪһƬҽĴӣޱȿ϶˵
ߺãɽҲҶʸǱġɽҲô˵ͬޱȵļᶨ
ӵشƫԶشⷢҲûܡڴһѴյˣͬûֹʿҲĶ˰ɡ
߰ɣȥɽǡһʼ͵͵ܵģǸǡڹߣϣǸǶǲܵˡҶԳЦЦ˾ǽ飬ȻһȵԶȥˡ
һġɽֱӳŴӵķˣصĿ˼ͷȻһ·󲽵ĸҶԶȥˡ
ҶֻһģǾҵؼҵ·ϽĻȥԼǵôˡڣҶֶһˣǾǸе˱ͬģЩǳԼģҲҪȥһĹ
ɽҪҶһ֤ˣ֤ҶʱضԶԶҶʵķɡڣɽıԼ뷨Ҫ֤ˣҪȥŬᵽҶʵʱ򣬱ضǻᵽԼġ
ңҶʱʱ϶ǻһȻġɽҲͬҪȻȻľͻҶʹ˵ˣȻҪǿʵ
ɽǣ֣ʵЩ׵ġ⸽Զľ붼һƬ̹;ɽСɽ֡
֮Խ֣ΪɽЩҪȥɽ̽յģȻǻȥɽǵġ󲿷ʿﲹȻȥɽ
ܵ˵Ŀģջɽ֮ϡˣһֵġ
Ҷɽʱ䣬ȫٵĸ·ſ˿ɽǵ̫󣬼ӵĴСѡΧǸ߸ߵΧǽΧǽڣа߲ĺۼԶҲֱ֪ˡ߲ǽϣȻһЩѪģЩѾǰ˸ɺˡЩ֪ʲôʱģžӨһ˿ԡ
һжԭˣطʲôƵأûһԱʵûǲҪĺá
ҶɽںԶĵطԼϢһˮԴϴһ£Ȼ΢Ĵ磬ôĽˡ
ſڴţʿǶʲôˣһֻ۱һֻ۵ġ
߻ӣ˭֪˭ǸʲôʲôʵҪƽ޹ʵǵˣԼ֮־鷳ˡ
Ҷɽˣ鷳ˡⲻκ˳붼װûпʿҶɽ˫۷Ź⡣
վסҶɽҪ߽ŵʱбѳǹԴҶɽǰ
Ҷʵɫ΢䣬ҪǰһǱôôˣûƫƫԼɽԷʲô뷨Ȼܹ׵Ĳµˡ
ʲôҶ䵭ʵɫһ㶼ûб䡣
ʹˣɽǣǷǳĻҵġʵûʵûԱͻ粽УܵвΣա
෴ģǿеκ˶ɵģĴע⡣ûʲô񷨵ģеֻǿ𾴡
ʿеǿΪɽУֵ쾡µġ
ҶȻɽҪݣǿǵĽûеġֻҪҶɽԼ˵ڣȻǲеϸ¶Ŀܵġ
Сѣ»ڳ̰ɡ̶ûжϣ⵨ӲСƢҲǲСİҪȥ԰ƽǵҲòġֵǮĶȻؼҰǵĸ˯һҲǿԽȥġߵʿЦţʱһĶû֮ǰĹˡ


930 ˵һ飡
Ҷʵ۾΢΢ԷȻҿڵϷԼνǰһôǿƣڱԼľͶȥˡǣԷȻԼĸףҶʲܹܵˡ
ҶʲǵĸʲôоģⲢ˵ҶʾͲԼĸ׵ˡǡǡ෴ҶʶԼĸǷǳ𾴵ġ
ɽһҲˣ˫׵ʱѾȥˡЩһֱԼүүΪɽǳϧԼˣֱذŵ顣
ǰΨһһѪԵϵ˫ûˣɽǰãͬһĴȫʬˣӵķ
ԣɽͬǲԼЦġڲԼЦôаЦɽŭˡ
ƺǸоɽһЩĶˣҶסɽ嶯
ôģӣôСëûгȫС񶼻ûоѡƢǲСҪҰҺŶʿһ㶼µģǸӵĿˡƢĺӣϷŸӵȤҪ˵һػֱӾſˣ̫ˡ
ո˵Ļб˵һ顣ҶĿڣ˫ƽĶǰʿ
Χ·ˣȻʲôˣԭģҴҶҲûҪֹǱʲôġڣӾȻˣ̫Ȥˡڳ¥еĴ֬ӷϷйһͨҪȤҪ˷̼
Ȿſڣ˱ͱȽϵĶࡣ飬ܿľ;£˺ܶˣҶΧһȦ˷ָָܵġ
ǰڵʿñӣЩģ̧־ҪһѵǲŪҲҪݺݵĸһƣݸߵĲĽ
һ۲ҪϸһЩҶɽһĶûкµ飬ƽ˺£Щסͬ顣
ѰĺӣԵģ˴ҪԼ֣һǻẦµġⲢЦֻһǱ˼ıܡûôȫǷΪˡ
ȻԼúǻЦʿǾãӲ򵥡ǳ֣»鷳
϶Ҹʲôûֵұô㲻ҾˣҪֹҡϽҷſȻֵܶûˡסʿˣô˶ϷʵĶţҪһƲȥǶˡ
ϴǲǵĶˣ˰ɡдô㿴һ㡣϶ôܾôķˣӣôôаš浽ҪǶˣܾôԵˡ
Ӳ򵥣Թôģô֪ﲻˡϿҷſȻķˡ϶ĻϴҪЦˣֱЦ
ǰӣôСǸͼӣǸҲոʮͷĺܹʲô򵥵ġǴ̥ͿʼҲŶꡣң˵ǸСӵģ϶ҲҪǶǸСӵġ
λСѣѹȥɡֵҲףһڷԡҪ̫ˣֵǵģϣǲҪ⡣ȥ϶̾һĴѸҶǵǸˡ
϶ȻǸˣΧΧ۵ĶһӵĻȻȻͬ񲻴ģҶʲǱôļ򵥡϶Ȼҵô˵ԼΣΧ˺ܳԾġ
Ͼ̫ˣܳһʱ䣬ɽǿ϶̸һġ϶ϴΪҵЦ˵ġһЩڴ̧ͷӣһһЩϡ
ڴҿ飬Ҫ֤һ£ȻŵǸġҪǷֶԷԼǿҶţǸҲʲô˵ġ
ҶĿ϶һۣ϶ֻΣǲûʲô˼мӡ
һסɽҶ̧Ⱦǰȥûж˵ʲôǰ϶ҲǸϽĲÿһ·
Ϊǰ̫ڵˣΧ۵ҲԶÿһ·Ҷɽͨ
϶ķˡȻǸСƨӣܹʲôµġҽŪǡϴʱعˣڴţ϶ʱһ˦ԼŵֱۡһתۣҶɽ˹ȥٴεסҶɽ·
ٺٺ٣ֻҪϷһ¡ڳľˣǾȥɡϴЦţǳа


931 壡
ϴûҪɱҶʵͼġ̫ڵˣҪһӵġ˶ҵϷɽҶˡ
ֻҪɽҶʸһĺôϷһӣҲͷŹȥˡϾӣ˭ĶǹȥһЩ̬ʿ
ǣû뵽ԷķôļңֱǶ˴ӡǣʱϴûҪɱ˵ͼģֻҪҶһݺݵĽѵ֪ʲô˵ǰװƵġ
ٴεıԼֹͬˣŷչһʱҪǲɱҶɽ˱ضǻΪȫǵЦġʱȥһЩ̻֮أȥ̧ͷˡ
ȥϴһһԪʿʵ¶šеĳǹԪţҶɽɨ˹ҪһҶɽɱģһĶû顣
׵ʿԻĿɽ˵ǲʲôġϴΪԼ׵ʿʵҪɱӣǷǳ׵ġ
ҶҪ֣ߵɽһЩ춯ǰһҶʵǰһԪͬǲΣ۷ΪԪޱȵĻֱۣǳǹץ˹ȥ
žǹɽУɽֱ۶ľˡҲǵŵŵŵ˺˼һǹǱɽסˣ˺˺ü
ΧҲһƬĻȻû뵽СӾȻֲô԰СҪǿʵôֵˡֲ֮ǰ޿ֵӡ
ҶʿɽĽȱԼеٶ̫ˡɽĸҲ˷ǳʵԶԶĲͬ׵ʿܹġܹԽСսҲǷǳ顣
෴ģϴϢԵҪ鸡һЩġܹнΪ˵ǳһЩҩǿȥġҶ֮ǰһ£˵ĺһ㣬ܹ׳ڵʵѾǶ˵ġ
ҲѹֻһСС϶ǾñȻҶɽ
ס֣ϴô϶ʱٵĳ˹Ҫֹ
֮ǰϴĶ̫ͻȻ϶ûзӦȻ֮ѾɽҶʳֵˡȻѾˣ϶ҲûгҪԼûп
ԼصǸûг֡ߵһСѳˣȻ۷ʵ̫Ծˡ
˳Ծǵ͡˳ԾǣҪ곤һЩĺӣȻǸһЩĺӵġֵʱҶȻ޵Ҫ֣ɽˡһֱעҶʵ϶ߵķŴ˵ġľˣĲܹǵİ
СӣҪΪ۷ʵܹΪΪˡȥɡһȻסˡϴϸӵĹҲסˡҲ̽˶ԷʵϴӵŭաԼһӶֹֻܹڴˣԷ;Լ뵱ʵˣҪǵȼ궼ԸԼˡ
ϴָӵˣһȼԼĲֵľѪҪǿеİҶɽɱţ̫˼ˡϴ˷ܵÿҪˡ
ɽҪ֣ǱҶһѸˡⲻɽܹԵˡԽսܾͲʲô˶ԵġҶܹǲҶʽ̳ɽܹҪǣɽûô˶ֵģսľǲġ
ϡǹͷ˵ϣĹһߣһ
ֻһʲôûпǹͷôĵˡ
Ҷǳ𾪣ӣжǿҶʳֵһɲǣٵ˶˲Ľһֱܵķӳ
ǿ˵εģҶӦòǣû뵽ҶܹôĿ¡ȫǳԽǵսҪǻǣܹģǾ޷û˿ôֵġ
ʵҶʵĶܼ򵥣ֱýɫȥǳǹҶ˳ǹƻǳǹ֮ϵʱ΢΢һ¡
ϴһģ֮ǰĽĶϵı鶼ûκεı仯һ
ҶΪùʿɵˡȻһСӡԷǰûֱӵĳ֣ѾƢõˡϴεƣҪȶԷ֡
աһˮν˵ϵ𡣴ʱĳǳİϸСҲš
աԽԽܼϺܿľͳһ̯졣
ŷ֣ϴѪϵ·ڿٵı죬ܿľʪ͸ˣϡ
ҶһѾֱӵԲѷŴƵʿˡ


932 ס꣡
䡱Ƭ֮ϴǳ׵ĵȥ˵ģĳѪȻһѪ˵ˡ
ϴȥ˲䣬Χ˶һʲôħôġ
Ȼܶӣǣû˸װӲˡʲô棬Сǰʲô
ȻȺҲмһһЩнľߣһЩĸߡҵĿһеǺǳĬ
ΧеĿĲҶʻӦ˺ܶĲĿ⡣Ŀ⽻֯һҶҶԵúƽվԭûκεĶ
ɽԵЩĽţЩ˵Ŀ⣬Щܲˡ
ҶһһȦεϰ˸СеϢҶʸˣɽһЩеˣҲͬԼϢˡ
ҶʻͷĿǴʿЩĲƺȨʲô
СүСү϶ֱӱһصģͨһ˵ϡԴҵõ죬ÿһζʵʵܽӴܿĶͷͼˡ
ߣҶջĿ⣬ûж֣ɽʧ˽ֵĹսǴ
Ҷʴɽ֮һֱŵ϶ֱԴһ˹ȥˡ֮ǰǰŵĲˡ
ΧȺɢȥûȥǸ϶û˸ȥʬġӽ󣬿ɽʿһҶʸڻɱˣһԼʧˣҲûл
϶֮ǰȰܣǻһЩС˼ġǾǳԲ׼ҶʵʵҪϴ̽һ¡
ôֱ˵Ļϴ˻ˣܶ˻ĳݶġңֱϴֱӳ֣ͻҶҲǺϵġ
һȰܡϷ롣ȰܣȫڻϽ͡ϴ²̨ųˡ
϶ҶʾҲֱɱϴġԸΥҶʵǿ󳬳ĹơңҶҲͬȻԼеС̡
Ҷ˵ֻһܼ򵥵顣ܹӰ쵽Ҷʵ顣ΪҶʿֱӵĳֽ鷳ܹ鷳Ҷʿ鷳Ȼǲ÷ռλõġ
ɽԵú˷ܣǳҶ֮⣬һεʿ֡û뵽ôĴ̼Ȼ˵ֻһµĹɽҪ˵һʹ졣
Ҷƽɽһ˲ľ;Ȥˡ֮ǰĶ֣Լ˷ܡҶ̧־ֱܹӵɱȫûзϵġ
ҶʣȥʲôطɽĸҶʣ֮ǰһֱСУɲôķĵط
ȻһСסˡ⵱һµҰˣûڷкúõϢġҶͷҲص˵
ɽȻ߻ӡǴһҪģˣͨĳǳûʲôͬҪӲ˵ʲôͬǾ뺷ȫĲ񷨣ʵȭͷ˵İɡ
ˣиеĶеġʲôǺ«ʲôģִ߽ڽ
ɽ۷ŹģѾ÷ǳ˷ܵˡ
ҶɽǮǺ«һһߵĳšǺ«ӦǸ߼ģҶҲûеƣɽܿģҲȥˡ
ɽ÷ĿɽǣҶʵǲ˵ġǼªġҲǣһȺҪĹǴɱɱˣҪǺúõȥ㽨裬Ϊǵˡ
ԭҶʾ֪ĳǳУĹһЩǺġмΣС͵ɽĻвǮͳˣҶʸץס֮Ҷ֪Ȼһ֮ǰǺ«ˡ
Ҷ֮ǰȻС¶һ֣ǳſڵ˱Ͼе˴󲿷ֻǲ֪ġˣΧ˿Ȼ֣ҲֻΪǴ׵ĸ򣬿ҲһЩû뷨
ת˴죬ڳеһĵضοһ㲻С꣬Ҷɽ˽ȥ
лǸɾΪʱ䲻ԣû˳ԷֻмϴһײĵСһԴ˯̨ǰĵϰžĴ̡
顣
һû𡣰ǴЦݵĵҸ˹һǵĿˮʵͬʱµѰԴ
þþûпʲôԾĵطֹ䣬ȻžĴ̡
顣
ٴεˣһεҪһЩˡ
ٴεľϲˣһѼëӾʹӹ̨ǰˡҪ⵽ʲôҪץס˷Ҫݺݵĳһٲɵġ


933 ô󣿣
Ӵһƹ̨ĹսǣͻȻǰӰһֱӰԼˡڵϹ˼Ȧͣ
Ǵ˯ĵСôҲһֱӵ˹ˡһ˫ã۾ңſ˹̨ǰһС
ȻԺĵС׵˹ˡЦȴֲЦĺܡ
Сӣû¶ʲôҹҪٵңҲǸһٵġϰôãΧﶼʶġǰĺܣЩסǵĸ˼ҡϻҶɽߵˡ
ʻпͷôҶվţϰſţͳ˾ӸµĿϰˡ
ϰ屾ˤ߻صģһʱ䲻ǿҶôԼúǲζǿʹһˡ
СӣһȥôСѧ˳һҵĺӡϰһԼ·մȾЩҳһĵĻش˵
Ҷһͷĺߣ仰ûʲôرġǿһ飬ҶЩˡ
ûпͷסġҪûеĻǾͻĵطȥˡҶʵ˵Ķŵҡ
ϰüͷбۿҶǣڷֱҶ˵αһģЩĻġ
ȵȣôûпͷţϵȷеȷͨ䶼УҪһ֡ҶɽҪˣȷˣϽĿ
ϵȷʲô۸еȵĺͨʲô۸񡣡ҶʱûҪߵģλõλǸոպõġ
ϵȷһһ졣еȵʮͨʮϰ붼û룬ֱӵľͱ۸
ҿôķ˻ǶˣҶʵǱһֱ˵İĿһ꣬ȿɽĿİ
ĵȻûУΪǻʹİ۸ߣȻеġϰĵ˵ţһĶûеĵġ
˵˵ʲôܹ۸ô౶ġҶҲȤ⵽ʲôܹôķȥ
ϵȷеȷ΢ĿͨոܹšϰЩĲͷˣëͷСӵҪҪסˡ˵ҵģ⿴Ҳİ˵ǵҵİɣдҶ֪飬ôҪʡ⵽ļҵĺûйܺãȻܳˡ
ҶͷӵΣôˣһֱ̫͡ˡΪʲôɣһֵܹǮġû뵽ӡ
顱Ӱʱ˽˵СվſڵĵСһ
žžžžһĽŲ˹ٵĳ嵽˵ſڡһȺɱڵģűЩѪֵûн
һĻüЦģǼһ˹ȥķǸ׳ʿ
׳ʿסػסػסءҵ۾СôһЦгһ϶ˡ
ۣⲻǷϻôסꡣ׳ʿ³һڴѪĭ޺޵˵
õĺõģСһ̺šЦĸӵĿˣתͷſڵĵСȵСȥȥˣֿ׳ʿһУλ׳ʿסأ
סþסãûǮΪֹ˰ɡ׳ʿһ˿ڣڲϵѪ״̬ܺãֵĺš
ˣɢ˰ɡ⻹ΧŸʲôòˡһ̸ˣߵſڣЩ˶ˡ
޸ҵţбһ棬ҪǳֱŪ㡣ſֵĺһӣȻʰ˱ͷɥˡ
׳ʿҲǽ˶һ裬ȻλƵ¥ȥˡ
ڣ֪ΪʲôֵǮ˰ɡ˱ߵҶǰ˵
֪ˡҶʵһ£Ȼشš
вĵĹ涨ҲƣʱҪһܹĵϢĵطûУǷǳΣյġ
ȻоͳĹ涨ҪܿԣϽֵܹС
֮ǰҶʿǿˣȺɷ˵ʱ򣬽ֵ˲ǰġȵЩ֮µĳʼİ̯⡣
ò˵Ĺ涨ǺܡԻİ
Ҫסأҿָף˵
ǣǮôĹ󰡡Ҳ̫ˣֲҪʲôҡҶʲ֪ʲôʱܹ̽õϢǮҲûж٣ȻҪɱһİȻҪ˶ãҪ¶޽ͷˡ


934 סˣ
ǴòģСӣҲͬļ۸ͯ۵ġ
ҶѡطҶʿλʣҪطסҲϵľ
Һջ𣬵Сһҵģֲ̫ڵĵӺҶʽ͡
Ū˫ǿڸġԸŪһ裬ҶҲȡӣԼɽһ衣ɱ˵ֱӱҶʸˡ
ҵģҵġӴӴˣˡҶִݵʱſڴһ긾˵
ʲô£˵ͷϣòȥ˵
ô˵˵ڼ䣬ǸѾ߽˷ˡɽҶǱģֻǵĿһҲû⡣
ҴˣҴˡװģ˵ʲô¡ϰ˲һ˼֣ȻݺݵҶһۣߵһ߷Ÿ£紷һֺá
㲻֪ҿʲôֱ̫漣ˡвزס뵽֮ǰ𺳵һĻɷͷϵĶײҲˡ
Ǿ͸ҵʲô漣Ҳ۽硣һҪôĺúŪȥģָҪ˯ذˡҲڴ⵽ʲôļţܹӸӡ
վڳſڣĺӡţԾô󡣡˱ֻŵĽţȻָָҶɽſӲ㲻ǲ֪ӾҪϷһ¡ôš
˹һӣҷǳϵĽȥôţ
ôţϴֱӳǸСĺӣûпǺӵôֵģǹˡõģڲһжˣֱˡʱΧҲһЩĸ֣ȫɫ԰ףʲôû˵ˡ֮ǰһĻµġǰļⶼǸŲһӡ
ǣ϶ҪֶŵĵңһȴûκεĶø˶һ£ΪԼˡŤͷһԼ๫ͷһɫ԰ףǼһ
ˣ֮ǰҶΪѹۣȻ˵ոſסһȺˡȻΪҶڴţˣҶʺþá
ԼҵϱϢҵĶˡСǲ򵥵İ֮ǰ˵һжİ
ô飬϶Ҫ˶þܹɽǵˡôǿĺӣ¶޽ͷ˭ȥϮء˶ҪƵߣڰҹȻǵҶʷƢġ
ڵˣΪСӲֹһε˵ԼһڷĵطĶҪˡ
ܹ뿪꣬Ȼʲô򵥵ˣϴĻҵҪһͷԣȻˡ
ȢϱȻҲǰܼҵģʲôشԵˡ⸾΢һ˼Ȼȶӵߣ˼һɷ飬˹
СѣҼס갡ô˵أǽֱӾڳſڰǴˡȻˣôǮءСѳ⣬ô㻨ǮأĹܳԹסġҼҵİЩԴתҪʲôСѲĵģ߽㣬ʰﻹסСܵҶʵǰҶ˵ɴĶҶǰ
ҶʺǶŸǰĲΡΡĿ˺üۣȵˣڨڨջĿ⡣
һ֣СȻǿ󣬵ͨĺûʲôŶЩģǸСɫ
ôУøĻҪȻûôǮǰʮӻеġҶҲ̫ڵռ˵ıˣ˵Լȫļҵ
һСаʮӣǷǳ˵ˡǶе˵ԶԶġ
ǱûҪ׬ҶʵǮˡӣһԵģܹԶٵءǸһˡ
˼ǮҪҶʽһԵҶִҪֲҶʣֻˡ
ҶʵĿ£ۼġһЩĺĶĸ֣ҶƵ񣬶ѡӡˣƻܹءǾҪƶµĹأǷǳɵ顣
һ˴˹ϵǲˡڳжԺߵˡ
ҶסˡȻķ䣬صصĲһ£вٵ߸Ҷ׼ġ
ҶʶЩһ㶼ģиĴͿˡɽ˵ĲУܶ߶ûмġ


935 γǣ
ҶǾôסˡǳסȫѣҶһʼһӣûжշõġ
ӵչҲǾľģǳֵķͬס׳֮ģǼʵĲСҪǲǵҵ׶ӵˡ
׳Թ߳ȥΣǶǴģһȥû߶Զͱ˸׷˻ˣʵ׳ͷ۲ѵġ
ÿҶɽ²ùۿ÷ǳȤ
ôȥˣſڵǼѾȫǵˣ׳Ҳ֪Ҷʵʵɲ⣬Ҷʵǳ˾ηġ
ҶҲĹһĶԵúǾнҶʵ֪޲޲ġҶҲû˵ֻ޵˵ԼҪȥɽѰһ´ӵ
õĴҶʺǲһЩôôٵİ񻨵ϢģҲҶĵ⣬һֱûеõ𰸵ġ
ϢҶʵ˵˲١Щ׼ˣˣܶûа취ˡܵ˿ɽû񷨵ĵطˡϵĺܶණȻǱһƫԶĴе֪ҪĶˡ
֣̫㣬Եĵشǻġûһʱ䣬ĵطͻһֵʵءԵĻ磬ŸԶһЩ
Ϊʲôû֪֪һǿˣʵ죬ûܹһаʽġǺܶ궼ûгˣ˻ǻ߶û֪
˳˾סĵطˣˣܹôǿͲֵˡ
ҲڲϵÿصʱͻΧһЩøӵĹ
Ҷû뵽˵ġ
ǵģǵ̫Сһ㣬̫ƽһ㣬ûоأûʲôΣաֻҪǱˣʿɱģܹһġ
ңԾһûݻ磬ݻΧŻл磬вŻЩء
ǣˣԵǲ֪һġһЩǿǸоĲԾˣǻҲ֪Ϊʲô̽Ͼһľ˭ܹһӾ׵ء
ҶǾãԼҪĴ𰸣ܹѰҵİɡеʲôʵҶЩԲ׼ҲóȻĽȥ
Ҷвסģÿ춼ȥֻҶɽˣǶѵ׳ʿҪţֳԲ͸ҶʵƢֻܹˡ
ȽӴʱ䳤ˣҶʵƢȫͲһСӣȫһ˵˼άңûʲôõϰߣͦͣͦ˵ġȻ֪Ϊʲô׳ʿҶʶϵܺ档׳ʿץס˻Ҷ̸ΣҶʲٵĶ
֮Ҷʳȥʱ׳ʿŸҶʣҶʲûиҲûвͷɫŷĵĸҶʵҹ䡣׳ʿ͸һС֮УҪˡ
·ϣҿҶʵǸӣкģоηģȻҲ˼벻ġҶȫûᣬֻҹ䣬˶ȥ
ڼ䣬׳ʿĳˡȺзָߴ׳ʿͲ̫ѵ飬űɱڵĳ˹ҶʣûƵҶʿڣͷˡ
ҶȻҲǷ˵ģûȥ¡ÿ˶Լÿ˵Լȥܵġң׳ʿ죬ܹѾǼˡ
Ҷ˶ҪһЩСϢ˵߰ϵĴŰʲôġ
Ҷ֮ǰֵģ۵Ȼ죬ͿҪˡҶһĶÿͿˣСĽ̸šҲһЩڳ̵ģҶʾȤ
Ҷһĳ˺ü죬ҶϰˣûʲôϰȫͲһ׼ˡңû˵Ҫ۸˭ģȻҲû˸۸
еϰҶʵĴڵˣҶʵȻǾηǲҶ·ʱҴˡ
ңҷˣҶʺǺϲֵģ֣˶࣬Ҷʾȥ
ǰЩʱ俴Ҷͱ죬ҶˣøŴꡣҶһġҶʵǰŪֱԼ֪Ķ˵ˣûʲôֵ˵ˣű졣
һ죬ҶʳԹ緹ǳǸɽ׳ʿûʲôġ


936 յУ
һ죬еԿͷӶģС̸һЩϢҶʿԵ֮£һЩؼʣӡҽʧ
Ҷһݣӵ飬ǴɽǵˡҲԿǸӵĴڸ̫ˡ뿿ɽôĽûʿԸȥġҪܹ񻨣Ǹӻİɡ
˶ЩıɫȻʲôˡǾô׵һӣ˾ÿµġϾǶһЩûʲôˡ
˵·֮ǰдʿɵǴӵķȥˡЩӿڵģû˸ҹڵĿôʱ䣬úʵġ
Ҳ˵ڰǰӡдʿǣսǣȻôƾʧһ֮սˣ֪ʲôطȥˡӦͬһ˵ӡбģܶ˶ףûа취ҳˡ
Ҷʵȭͷˣ˻ỳɡҶܹ϶ЩضһĴӵʿ֮԰˲ǳأԼһҲˣھ͵ˡ£ҶʵĲĵط
Ҷʱ˺ǿҵɱ⣬ñСĽ̸ŵĴңԵøӵСˡ֪ҶʵôģŭҶˡ
ҶֱǵͷߣСķȥˡ׳Ҷʳŷʱ仹̫ҲҶ˵ʲôҶʾûʲô飬ҶЩ׳ʿӵĲ˵ˡ
Ҷʣôûж䣬ôͻˡϰﱾڵдЩȤҶôͻˣϽȥӭӡʱҶҲǱȽϵϤˣ˵Ҳ̫ڵľнˡ
ҶʻЦŻӦһ䣬ǽҶȫû飬ֱӴɽ¥ˡŵһ׳ʿ
ңҶĪġųȥû߶ԶȻתƻˡϰﶢԼ׳ʿϽƲԼĹϵʾԼҲ֪
Ҷʣ֮ǰ˵һȺǣЩ˴ӵԲԣɽ֮ǰҲˣҶʵķӦҲ²⵽һš
û϶ǡʱصЩ㣬ǸպúʵġҾ˵ǰôԣԭҶޱȿ϶˵ڣеɱǱѹȥˡ
ǰЩ죬ϰĸҶһ⣬˵ҶʳʡҶʺ֣ûпʲôƥ
Դˣϰ˵ǳͻȻһ⡣ϰȥһЩŪ˸ҶһЩʡ
Ҷˣ⣬ЩʿİɡķʽˣȻûа취ȥˡ
ǴſףġڿѵƥҲûˣվҶʵǰҶҲϲġ
ô죿ɽҲǺݺݵ˵˾ͬһǳУɽúǲˬоǻǶࡣ
񻨣ҶҲüͷ˼Ƭ̣Ȼһƻ
ƺΪ˴ɽɻҶһ˵ţһ߱Ϸһİȡ˼䰲񻨡
ɽҶʿ˺ܾãȻǷˡ֮ǰСеʱҶʾͳҹĻһѪΧûܹҶʸȳӵģɽͲ²ҶʽɽˡҶûҪ˵˼ɽҲûеơ
ڣҶó˰񻨣ǰɽˡɽ벻ףΪʲôҶܹĽɽء˵ʿȥ˲׳ô
ܹɵĽɽҲҶʱʱֵġûʲôرĸоɽϢûҶʡҶ֮ǰûԪĲȻҲûʲôӡ㲻ͳʿġ

ʯǿɽһһֺܼӲǽͬʵڵʯͷɵġ
ɽУʯǷǳġе߰˶УһЩҲǺܶġĳǳȻǲģʯûƵˡ
Щ׼˽ֶõѡҶʾѡط񻨡
˵ôʯδֱʰ񻨡
ϻ綼ˡңϢˣǰһԵĳ䡣
ʲô䣿ֻܹһô
֪Щر𣬿ĻһЩİɡ
˵᲻֮ǰйأ
꣬С㡣ô˵Ǻпܵġոճ飬Ǿˡûжã񻨡

һʱ䣬е̸۰񻨵


937 ǻȥ
Ҷȥʱ򣬿ǰеŵĲᣬֱӵĳͬȻҶֵͳ䰲񻨣ٴεİѳŵĲġ
һ̣̰ȸڳ˫СҶֻ¶ЩѪֱӾó˹
ҶʾͷҲˣʲôСԷôˣֻĺѿġ˵ˣⶫڱ˵ޱȵ󣬵ǶҶ˵ȫûʲôġ
޵һ£Լɲ˽ԵľģҶʶԴ˵νǳˬľʹӦˡ
ҶֻһҪ󣬸úõ̵ʱУŪȫǶ֪
ܹطһһʵ֮⣬ȻҲǷǳͷԵġµľ͵ͷӦˡ
ʱ䣬ȫǶ֪ˣ̸۰񻨵顣ϾǷǳǿġңǺܶģ˵ĵӣ̫ײˡ
ҶʶİЧʷǳ⡣ֻ֮Ὺʼˡ
Ҷôԭǳļ򵥡ԷȻǳеģȻ񻨵Ϣġ
񻨱Ҫɽ˵ֻдǸܹɽǴӸոձ񻨣Щرġ
ңԷ֪ģеȻһûҪҵ˿˵ġûɣȥ϶һЩĳͷġ
ԷпԼĴɱˣҶʲ²ǲ·ġԼ¶һķԷӦڻǲԼһȥģȻҵҶʰҶʸɵ
ǡãҶҲôġҪҵԷȻһһĻơ
ɱڶԷУǶԷ֮ǰһ˴߶ɱҪôǲᣬҪôǴ߶ˣҶҲ¶Է
ڣֻҪԼ״̬ȵ֮ˡڻ᲻ԷҶȫõĵġԼҪ¶ԷֲԼҶʾҪɶԷ̵ˡ
ʱҴҶҶʴӴ֮۾ͬʱһߵɽҲ۾
ţﶼҪȥҶʶɽ˵
ȻѶԷϣǱϾԶԷ̫˽ġҶԼչԼûʲô⣬Ǵɽȥչ˲ɽˡҪɽΣգǾ鷳ˡ
ҶǺõĶɽɽҲǾǿĶҶʡҶ֪ɽеҪʲôҶȥɽȻҪȥġǶԷбϾдɱԼģҶҪҪǴɽһͬȥĻƱصĻҪıɽһ̫ա
ҸȥˣҲˡҶûòĴ㣬ɽʼżˣš
УԷҵϴҲۿġԼûаٷ֮ٵİգ̫ΣˡҶʾܾˣôĶͬɽԼȥġ
ȥұ˵鷳տ֪ʱ򣬿˶Լ֡еЩ˵ҲǻᶯֵġҶʿǺܶθоǿʿԼжˡ
ЩӦǸĵһҲӦСĴڡҪЩҶûа취ԵĻ֮Ҹûеˡһ߻ʲô壬춼ܵĵǴ𣬻ȥɽ۾ˣûп˫ֻгޡ
ڲǵĶ֣ʱ㳤Ƕ˵ƽûҪȫԶȼ꣬ȵг˵ʱȥġҶüͷ֪ɽΪʲôôľǿԼȥɱЩˣһǱ˵ôΪʲôƫƫҪԼȥء
ЩˡǶԶԶǿָʹǵأôĿ¡ʱôǸʱˣҾһܹôҾͲñˣɽˣǳļ
ҶʳһһǳѵľðɣҡԼһȥԶһ㣬ҲҪұֵ̫ڵܡʹȥܹʵʵĸҴ
ãɽҲûʹӦˡڵôģֻԼ֪ˡ
ҶҲɽӦ̫ڵĸɴˣЩĻɡҲòʲôɽĻˣֻдɽˡ
һΣɽߵǰ棬ҶںԶԶĵţܹɽΧҲ㹻ľ롣ʵôͦɵģҶɽһôˣ֪˵Ĺϵá
룬Ҳкô٣Ҫ϶ȹҶʵģɽΧһЩġ


938 Ͻ
ȵҶǵʱſѾɽ˺ˣܶ˶ŶȥȻҲһЩʵǿģֱŶǰȥˣ˰ĶӣƶġЩߣǸŭԡ
ɽĸСȺпٵǰȥٵ˶зŭҪ֣˲оȫ䣬ϵɽǰȥˡɽŸҶʵӣֱܹӽȥġߵſڣеһΣȻŵֱӵľͷˡ
ҶԶԶĵţͬûŶӵĴġΧȻһܵŵģҶֻǰߣȺȻǱҶʸһͨ
ҿҶˣǸӵĹϵıˣÿһЩҶʾòĿ
ҶֱӵߵǰûͣҲûжĶſڵЩԥװûп
ҶʿҪŵʱͻȻסˣȺеļһۣǹ˳һĨЦݣȻת󲽵߽ȥˡ
ŵĶһĺȻ֮ǰҶҲûʲôرĶת֮ԵЩϢʩŵģ˲о׹ߣȫӲоֱҶʧ˺ܾ֮ת
ڵͬС죬ͨλͰᡣͨλһȺһСڴΧ
͵ڴˣڵҶʵĵҪҶԵİһᡣҶʾܾˡڴһλ£Ҫһĺۣ΢Ŀ󣬰嶼ˡ
ҶڳҪ뿪ʱ򣬷Ըɽ׼һȫĵİ䡣Ҫ󣬳ûɾܾ
ȵҶʱ򣬴ѾǿҪ˵ġԭΪϺԼʱ뵽ġ֣аٷ֮ʮӣһȫ
Ҷһ£ȻȻˡҲãױ¶Ҳǣжʲôࡣ⾺۵ʱ򣬿϶Ҫ¶һЩϵ׵ġôǱ˸ȫĿ˵ôºűŵİ
Ҷ΢Ԫ΢΢Ĺĵ˲ǳʵҶȫĲУ˿Ҷʵˡ
ҺãܸҼˣʦСٵ˶ʶҵˣҾͲҽˡƹⰵֻһǿ̨롣һ˼˿Ļ𱬣ż̵ҽܡ
ҶԤеʲôһֶûҶһ¡ȺôʱЩ˻ҪˡҶʲμӵļεᣬһ޵ʦᲩȡһ󻶺ʲôġ
Ҷ΢һȻͻعΪڲݣȻ˵࿴Լˡ˵̫࣬ױ¶Լݵô
ᣬ϶ǻᱻ뿿ɽǵʷеġΪȻаһξ䡣ңƷ׶뵱ĸߡҪǳ֮˵ͻƼҲǿܵġҪСǮֱϵ˽µľˡⰲĳ棬СѾǾˡҲ⣬򵥵˵˼䣬ǿˡ
ôƽĿʼˣƽнСҶǳĽûж˵ʲôľͿھģĻǼ۸̫ߵľֱӵķ
Ҷʿǻ˯ģԵı˫еȫǺ˵ˣҲû޼ɵʶ̽ܵľٶҶʾȤⶼҪ˯ˡ
ƷһѳЩĶˡǳǳķ˵޼᲻ݵġСô˵ⳤȰ񻨵õֻ͡ǲƵĽܶĶƻˣ̫ϧˡеĲˣѾǽӽβˡҶʱͲҪˣһ仰
ҶʾȤʲôƽܹ񻨵ġҶʶ˿ⰲ񻨶޼۵ġҪǷǰǸ磬һǻôġ
˾ǺܿĶһú첼ẉ̨֮̂תȥˡ
ҲˣΪҵʱ䶼֮ͷϷǰ񻨡뿴СûӣֱӵһƿǺ첼
ҶҲǱһ˵Ǹˣ۾̨Ͽȥź첼ƿڲĶ¶˳ˡ
һ㰵ĳͨǽɫģǲûʲôĹʣһǴмѵģֻнСصĽⲢڡ
ҶʺԵĿһۣûпʲôرĵطл֣ôһӦ÷ôĵͼĴİ
ϸȥҶʵ


939 Ҫˣ
ҶʵЩˣû뵽طȻܹ
ѳôĻ̫ͨһЩˡҶѽô棬Ҿһ¡С֪ѽ⿴Ļûʲô˵ġ
һһ齨ǽĺʯʯͷǳļӲܹͨ顣һŶϽ
ƮƮľȻƮƮȥжһȫǺʯֱӵľͱг룬пޱȵƽ
ȻСһϴĺʯܲһһĺʯƬͷϯٵ˶ֽסĹ۲һ£ȷʵƽޱȣûһ˿ĸֵĸо
ȻҲ˵ʯ֮ǰֽŵġô˭бСʵһµġ˵ˣɲӴСһЦݣ˿
ڻʱһѳϯϷеԪƣǲȻǶҲ̫ˡ
Сץס˳еĶϽֱӿǻŽʵĳ
ϡһ죬Ͻʵĳǰص˵ϣһ졣
еˣԵǵһôһѽԵĲˡϵʲôĶˣǲһѳĸǾȻôǿĹѳʱʲôӵġ
ЩҶһ㶼ԾġΪ֮ǰҶʾϳѳǽϵģЩͼҶȫޱȵϤ
ѵĳʣģǰĵ̡Ϊǰѽ˵˻ʽ
ѳҶôʱˡҶһս˶ٴεĶ֣ҶȻǶ˻ʽޱȵϤˡ
ǰһսУ˻ʽ۶Ҷʵˡ֮Ҷ鷳Ҳûа취ȥȡѵ˻ʽȻĪĵˣȻûа취ȥȡˡ
ǣû뵽ص˻ʽȻʱˡⰡҶǲһֵıġȻ˻ʽˣǶҶ˵ֻҪֻ̣Ҫ㹻ˡǴɱҶʾаյĶˡ
ҪǣѳҶ˵ģôҪõ֡
ˣڴҶ֪ѳˣǿʼİɡС˶ϽµķŻϡǱնʧȥõ񽣣ֱӵľͱСһˡ
ƽ
СĻ䣬˳ˡⳤǲģҲȫ񽣣ҪĶˡ
ƽҪⳤֱΡʮ
ʮֱ˵ЦЩ֮ҲⳤĹһ
һĹôֱʰҳһףĹ͹ļԼ׵

ʶĻǲٵģѳļֵĲ˴룬̫ˡڶԾն˶ֵıӦò¡һʧȥ˱Լла񽣣һơ
ˣۺǼңûͣСмգҶȻȻİ۸̧˵ġ
ⳤҪˡһһٻ󡣡һ˵ƽ
ֵһ˲䣬˲İӼ֣һ˲÷ǳİ
Ϊ۸̫˵ˣ˵ۺġң󲿷˶ЩĲֵⳤȻ죬ǻǵֲһǵİ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ôĴֱʡӦǿ񽣵ԵˣȻôһԼӼôĶࡣ
ѣǿɲ˵͸ġҪֻ֪еܹľġĬƬ̣˵ҪǶԷǵҵģҿһϡɱðʹߵˣܹвĽ͵ġ
ߣǼȻô˵Ȼõóֵˡһ۵վоһɫƣڵޱȵҫۣһϡ
ûĽۼ⣬ϵĻƣھš
û˸ðģһǾǲݣԷóȻˡңϻһתüٵġ
ڣҪôǺסеˣȻ󻷹ܣ˵
ҶʱͻȻһԾ͵̨ϡϵĺڰеʱ򣬾ͱҶʹĵϢըѿˣƬƮƮķš
ʲôһǳʲôѶϽҪˡҶһǶϽ͵ҶʵСĽһ⣬пֲϢһš


940 峡
ͻȻֵıʣסˡû뵽Ȼᷢ顣
ǣ̨ϵҶʣֶǳ޵Ļ˻֣Ѿ˵Ļ˺ڰС
ҪǱô»ı˺ΪƬôģȻҶʡͷҶʡ
˵ǰҶʵһжǴšôڵĴžͱʵңȴŸӵĿ¡
ҶʵϢǲεģ޼ɵšΧֻе׵ԪڲҶ˵ϢȴôĿ£һصľһ
Էƣ˳ŵѾǺ֮ˡѾû˸ˡǣʱҶʾȻһڰǲ֪ԷĿ£ǶԼʵоԵŵء
ѣҲԿ֮䰲񻨶ҳֵġͲˣֱ㽻ɺáҲĲǳԿġǣܹĹôܵǵĿƣƳվ̨ǰһľżˡҶʵ˵Ȼ֪˭ǶϽҾеġ
Ȼ㡣ϴξȻܵˣһΣ㻹ôܡҶʵϢΣָ˰񻨡öԷȷҶʵݡ
ҲҪ˵һȻ㡣һбһΣҿôҶҲǵ˵ޱȵ䵶Ħһ
˶Īģ˵ȫ֪˵ʲô˫ìˡҶʱңҲ˵Ĺȥˡ
ǣٲֵͷˣɫ䡣뵽ֵ÷зǼ飬뵽ǸӴһ˲ɫɷס
ǰʱ䣬Ǽǿǲ۵ġ˵˲ĻǣǼҪ˹ϵĻЩͷˡ
ԷȻôΣ϶ǲ֪ġô۷׷׵ģ˵Է߹ͬһǳУҪǱ˹ȥˣǾ鷳ˡ
ϸЩҲǷ˲ٵѪȵ¼ġңָġûа취֤ʵţǸӴô͵͵ġ
ǣȻ֤ʵЩˡҶû˵ѾǱ¶˺ܶ˵ġ
ڣҶͻȻֵǿ˾Ȼǧ˿ƵϵҶһЩõǼ˫м䣬ԵЩˡ
ʲôӦԵĽɫҶʵʵ̫ǿʱϢѹƵ˶ҪһȻʱǴƵģǸӴûܹСǡ
ǵĿ֮ǰѾǽֹˡңҶԵ˵ġôҶһ㶣Щ˶򵥡ܴʲôķҶˡ
£ⰲ񻨾ҶΪԷóİɡڴҳӶˣ밲йصĴӸոձˣû¶μʲô񻨵ʲô
ˣ޹صԱ˳ҪˣǾͲҵˡҶ˻ʽһֻصǰĸоˡϽңȥҳҪ䰲񻨡ڳҪһ
Ҷʿе˵һ㶼ûаν˸ֱӿʼ峡ˡ
ЩԭҪ˵ģҶô˵ﻹд˼Ͻųڳȥ
䴦߳ӰžƵ˿Ҷ֪ЩЩķɢˣôע⡣
˫˴˵עţûжĶЩĵ˴˫мܹȥ
кܿľǰˣֻҶһȺʿСĳҲ缶뿪ˡˣǣ˽ȥͲˡ
ǣҶʲûпɽӰҶЩģţǼĺӣ֪᲻ͻȻǻҶʷǳıġ
ǳһӾͻȥ˵ġû뵽Ѿ˻ȥܵ˼ʱȻܳˡ˵аʱҾѾǲ²⵽˵ġû뵽ĵôĴ󣬾ȻǡҺܺ棬ôȷǾڳеġΪһ˻еνĽ˵
ʲôԼ𣬻˵ǡһ£ǳɱǡеսɲǺܶġ˵׼ȷ˵ˡҶԼսģ׼˻ûг׵ĺãӦûڳСҶҲûʲôģֱǰԼķ˵ˡ


941 ɱ
ڣ˫ѾǲҪ˵ˡҶĵҪǡԷҲǼڳҶʣȻȥ
ˡһ貵ĽڿһѪ죬ضǸ룬ǽ⣬صķָߡ
ҶͷŶԷһֵˣȫעҶʣȻǵһʱͷˡȻٴɱǾޱȵļ֣ҶҲû˳ʱĻҵˡ
ɵԪ˻ʽҲǲƵģûʲô⻪財һѿżֻ߰аĹԵĶϽ貵Ľնȥ
ϡһ죬ཻгһֵĻ档ɻڷ裬Ծ죬иҰ޵Ӱ
ɱҶʿ˻ȥҶҲǵ˼еĳ΢΢ĲⲻҶʵڶȫ˻ʽıܵķӳ
Ҷʵ˸žɲɫոѳײʱҶʿǸоһЩֵѳȫͬǣײһʱ򣬾Ȼ˵ϵвֽˡ
ǶԷеĳĲֵһЩ˻ʽ˻ʽٴһЩ춯ġ
ȻѽϽĽȻǸһȫʬΰġ֮ѳײ󣬲ҶʿˣеĶһǿ˵ġԷڴҪҶʰ˻ʽȥ
ĹƨҶֱӿڴһ䡣Էǹ޳ܵİԼ棬˵˻ʽǶԷġԼǰеʲôͭ
ڶԷеʲôȫʬ֮ĻֱӾͱҶʸӵˡҶʿȫһ䲻ܵķϻ
ִԲ飬һǿõҪĶġ˵һ䣬ȻҶʡ
һĶߵΪ׵һֱӰ˶Էĺ֮ϣȻڵԪһһĵ뵽Ϊ׵ϡ
ЩΪԶԶ֮ǰǵͷġ֮ǰͷҶʸŪˡӦʱѡġΪԴ߶ɱֻпҵĺˡ
һклõǴҵĺҪԶԶĳһĵͷ˵ģܹҶʴв
ǣǣԭϵƵġôһеնԼơҶֻҪǽͿˣȫͲõͻȻܳһ˵ĸƻˡ
úúãҲãܡСүһǡҶʹЦųǰȥ
ߣ˭۸˭˵һбͻȻһ⣬Ҷʴ˹ȥ
ɱ֮Ȼ죬֮ǰҶȫûиоκεϢȻ͵ԼˡڣϢһֽǱܵķӦĽҶٴεİɱ˳ȥˡ
ڶԷĿ֮£ɱԽԽƮݣӵѾҶЩˡǳУܹһδεΣлΪġ
ȻǳΣգҶһĶҡɱǶԷģûеһΪҪ߶ɱǷǳĴġңǳǿҪĳҶʵУַӵľܹԷˡôӵڡ
Ȼù£ԷϻԪϵѹ൱ĴġҶʿޱȵգǴδζܹΪġ
еĶϽȻâһǲɱǿֲɱʲôģûֱӵҶʽӴֱӾͱ˻ʽסˡ
ԣҶʱϴ˫ȭӲɱҪ˲ٵˡ
ͻȻǱҵҶʿĽƱøӵˡҶץסһյֱһɱ
½ļܵأ˹ȥ
˫ֺգ˻ʽҶʵи߾٣ѵĽϳ˳Ľ˽λá
Ҷʴһص·˹ȥ
ԭûнԪģǿеĹصĴƴһ
ڿ֧ţѾѿˣֿߡϯҶ⻹ûȥһ׵Ļٻˡ
ؼʱһɱ磬ҶʵĽ£Ӳһ
ϡһ죬Ҷʱ˳ȥصײ̨ϡɱҲǰһҶʸ
ܹ洫һ󾪺˰šӦˣҶʿɹܲôˡ
ҶʵһǵԪҲͻȻһͣĵ̫һʱתԪˡ
ʱһڵĵͨУһССӰСϵĻζϣٵĻҳһ³еĻҳһ߼ǰ˫˷ܣг޵Ĺâڽ˸


942 գ
һȺҲû֮ǰɷˣȫ̱˵ϣ廹ڲĲţԪʹùȲĺ֢
̫ˡҪеĳ֣ôᱻǸˣô塣ǣǿɺްҶһⶼûУֱӲܵķ̫󣬿ûеطˤá
㲻Ҫʹߣɱǻд鷳ġҶʻ߹ˣϽڿҶʡ
򰡡Һ°ܲñ˵вˡܵвҾͻˣͻɱˣ˵ôءҶһĳҪǺʲô֮ǰˣôܵȵڡ
ҶʸоȤǻƽȮ۰ЩèģһԼĳܹԼȳӵġ
ⲻвһɱǣǾǲݵľˡ㲻ɱǡҶʲûбסǰߣǲ㱻ſˡ
Ǻܿ£ǿµǵȴʱİҶʺǹģ·һƵʣÿһŶǲǵ֮ϡ
ӴлѰǣ֮ǰҾѾɱһͷˣôءҿǰȫɱû˻ȥˡҶʵϷŶԷûһϵĲɱǣҲݡɱҵˣҲһǲݡҵİɡҺܺ棬Ϊʲôô֪ҵĴڵġ
ҶﻹɻģԼ缸ʱˡңûʲô˵ľٶҲûô˽ӴӲǵʲôˡôԷʹԼĶˡ
ܵģ֪ġʿĺţɢԼеĿ־塣
ҶѾߵΪ׵ʿǰˣżһһľͷҶһץС
˵˻ҶеľʵʵĳʿȻ֮µһմȾѪ˿ݷ˳
Ҳ֪ǶµġôҪ飬ôܻءǳ֮ǰĪġʿ˵֪ǲͱҶʸˡ
ţҶ˵ûЩģеľٴεƶһЩ
˵˵ĸӦܹӦϵһСǰһͻȻˡƶϳɽ⣬ȻˡʿˣСʲô
ͲսǿƢáңĥ˺һ׵ġ֮ǰһ£ûжصˣܹʹȥġǰһģԴҪѿһ
Ҷһ㶣ԷһǸıԴˣȻôܻôĸӦԼĴڡ˵ҶӦһġԷӦǸовҶʵġ
Ҷ˼֪ЩʲôʿҲǲҴţҳһµġһ˲Щİ
ͻȻŴһֽСһһһ̱˵ϵһֽгҶ˹
Ҷһ㶣ĵӴӶҪֵġһЩԴǰ˫ں׼ȷ˵Լƨɡ
ҶҲģֱӸ߸ߵ̧һȣȻص̤ȥһŰ˵ϡ
˼£Ȼ󳹵׵ûˡȻǱҶһŸˡ
Ƕûж˵ʲôͺʲôûпһʱҶռ˾Եơͬ黹벻Ҷʳ˹ȥⲻô
ҶϸĿһ£ЩĲԡƨԵдѪҺġ˿ڲҶŪģӦ֮ǰһҽеͬʱѾˡ
ڶٴεķ˵һȼ֮ȻͻȻģǲûгҶʣȻҶΪǹһŸ˾鷳ˡ
꣬ҪɱɱαôյʽŪǡֲԣҶŭšҪûʲôҲûʲôԪľҪҶƴˡ
ߣɱǣһòʲôڡŪǣҲȫûȤڣҷȰãҪʲôֵľٶֻĸġҶʵ˵ǣ˭ûз֣Ҷʵ΢΢Щаġ۾Ҳ˸źЦɫ
Сӣ⸴Ҳ̫һİɡҶСֹţû


943 ȥɱɣ
ҶʵĻʣµǾɲġҶʺûжֵġֵΪʲôҽеأ
Ҷʸɴ˿һЩİ취֤ԼûκεĹϵġ
ֻһȺʿĵȴţͬ鷢һĲҽУȻ˲ĳһķɳȥҲ̫һˡһƨɡ



ҽԷǳн࣬мͬʱ䡣ûΪҶʵ뿪ֹͣġ
쳣Ŀռ䣬ԵøӵӵĹ졣
ڣһҲˣĲҽΪ׵嶼ǺݺݵĲһ¡Ҫûһ˿綼ҪˣֱսҶʡôŲѵ̫鷳ˡ
˴ʱˣⶼûеȵκεıҵ鷢Ϊ׵ûзĵģǸӵĺˡȴʱ䣬µġңȫ֮ǰļʱ䣬Ҳ˵ʱᷢġһֱ壬ĶҪˡ
顱һ졣Ǳܵһǲûͬ
˸OO@@ʲôӵһ
ģǰôסˡһ۵ͻأˡ
㣡΢΢ŤͷȻͿһϤס
ɽЩһֱҶʵ󣬴ȻǶǳϤˡһʼûаɽҪĿꡣΪɽʵ̫ˣȫƲǵˣǲǵķ۵ġ
ҵĵֶʲô국ߡŭˣеĶδ֪Ŀ־ûˣɽš
ǳˡɽԼһĻҳȻһŰߵˡһںڵϸСһְס壬еСƨϺݺݵĴ˽ȥ
һεĲҽеǿңǾʹ֮²ɽ߷˳ȥˡ
Ҷʶ˲ļнβоʹǰ˵ԼСħ국Լ˵İСħİĥ˵ֶΣҶҲϲϵİ
СȻĶǡᱻ׷ɱġҪȥġƨϲǸʱʱ̵̿Ķ̼ҪԵ뷨ܹɹ
˭ں൱ˡɽںȻһľʿԴһ£ֱӾʿԶıˡ
ôôǸطġҶһͷĺߣ൱ǿһ־һ
Ҷ֪ɽûߵģ϶ڰУȴųֵĻᡣǣҶû뵽ɽӵңķʽ̫һˡ
û뵽ɡʱҾǰеķԱΣջô졣Ǹ˵صܵġȻҾģܹͨǰģȻҾˡҶʣɽûһģҲʲôܣҶҪ֪΢̽һ¾ܹ֪ˡ
֮飬ҶʲҲµˡеȫ߹ˣֻҶЩڶԾͨϣܹ֪˵ķ
ҪҶʲУڹؼʱɽҲܹһ䲻õģҶʷֵһ¡ɽܹܲɽȫûпǹˡ
ǷҶ˵ǿƣֱǴſһȺˡɽ˱ֱӰѶԷɱйޡСڱ˵ƨͱһ£ǷǳĲġ
ͨ£Ϸһĵ˷ĲҽУɽ¶˻ĵЦݡ֮ǰۣܿŪһĳҲ÷ǳֵˡ
ˣȥǶɱ˰ɡҶʽżһһĳͷɽ
ЩʿѾȫûκεļֵˡΪҶѾǰԼҪ֪鶼˽ĲˡҶʲ֪飬ЩҲӴ
ɱЩˣҶҲûʲôȤ罻ɽϲţǼĺȥ
ϣɽǾ÷ǳĿģӹ˳ȻǷɢΧʿȥˡ
ٵʿɽһԴˣ壬øӵˡѪҺѾһصˡɽȥЩҲΪѪˡ
ҶתȥѰɱʱϢȫˣǲôҵġ
ûȥ߶ɱҲֻܹһߡҶ͸е˻ʽȥӦǺܿľҵ˵ġ
ҶʺٺһЦֶɱһɱžҶʷ˹ˡ


944 ˣ
ɱԵǺܷҶʵϢģûΪĿƣҶʵϢҲбܵķӦ
ҶʲǱԼϢһƵɱֱӵ̧ɱץ˹ȥɱ𶯵ĸӵľˣҶʾĶ˴ʹĸо
ֱð˻ʽѹȥ˲ֳһͼԵǷǳ˶ġȻޣĻľһ߿һЩɱڵġһºһЩͷϸĻһδεĳ
ҶҪǿеİɱȡ֣Ϊ˻ʽЩϵܹ޲˻ʽ˻ʽһ¥Ҳ˵оǣǵ˵ıԼвܹԷӣܼԷս
ҶʸѹɱķԽԽǿҡǳҶʵԤϵˣͬʱҲǸӵĻϲӣɱȫıӦǲ˻ʽˡ
Ӿս˵ǳ˻ʽġɱ̫ˣܹݻһСɱѾǳԽеĶıˡ
Ҷʻǵ͹ɱˡҶʸѹжɱķжôǿҡ˺ǽѾǿʼҳˣһŭһΧĿռ䣬Ѿˡ
ҶѾﻢˣɱ񱻼ˣƿնȥͷˡҪǲѹƣֱӾͷˡѹˣҶҲûа취ȡ⽣Ѿܹ˵Ҷʵˡ
ˡƬ綼ϸ΢ĲһǿƳ򣬲½ϵһطܹĸӦġ
һֻ׵ʯһĴ֣յģ£ѤĹâ
ֵĿȷֱӵץ˹ȥֻûĿɽǾѾǱƸѹ˴ˡ
Ҷʵһʱ͸ӦǿֲϢˣеԪȻԾ˼֡ԷѾǳָԤˣҶ֪ѳԼòֵˡ
˻ʽѹɱһɱϡǱߵɱٶȸ졣
ۡһ죬˴ƬѪ꣬Ѫɽɫеܰζ
Ҷʵġ£ɱһ˲Ǵ͸ֻƵˡ˫ĵһεĽ֣ҶֱӾöԷѪˡ
ͣһ£ɱ˲ƿնȥƲûջأǼ
Ҷʸое˻ʽ΢΢ĲԷȻҪԼǿе
ߣҶȫԼϢصһ£ɽǶ΢΢Ĳһ¡
ҶٴǿеĹشԼĽ⡣ѵ˻ʽٴεĳ˴Ľâ
һȥϢѿˡƣָ֮䣬һֱĲλҶʸһĿӣиӶѪҺ˳
һο˵ûз˵ģڶΣȫҵˡյˡΨѪҺҽ֮ǰһеʵԡ
ҶԡɫѪҺУڵѪҺҲȼˣϵķڣ¡¡ѪҺкѪеһЩյˣǶ˵ķҲںһһ
ҶʾãԼԪΪһЩԷѪҺȻԼ˵áһһսȻڻϡ
ϧԷѪҺȽϵ٣ҶǾѪ
ҶʾЩźǵϵѪҺܿľȼ˸Ͻˣû˿Ĳࡣĵ˵ϵѪҺҲܿʧȥԡ
ûУҶʻͷǷпȥ
֮ǰɽڽ䣬ҵĴı߽϶ҶʸŪˣˣɽûˡ
˺ˣȫȥһˡɽһֻһٵҶʵߡ
֮ǰҶɱʱ򣬶ߵĲҽûֹͣġɽȫĥЩһһڶԷҪʵʱ乻ĻҶʲҶҲѶԷġ
Ҷû뵽ɽôأʲôû˵Ϊûʱ䡣
ڣ鷳ոսҶʾкɽˡҪɽмĳ嶯ҶʾͿҪֺúõĽѵһٵˡ
ڣɽпƣϽͣסϵĶ˹
ѽѽѽѽҶûܵʲô˺ɡոˡһŵ˹ȻһӰٵ˹
Ҷһ㶣Ȼ󿴳ˡĳû뵽һܹҲİɡûйԼʧǹҶʵİΣ
Ȼ˫֪仰ܷϻǣ˼ʹϵǴһϻʼġ
û£ллġʧеˣԲסԲסôĿҶҲ̫ڵ顣


945 û
Ҷ֪ʱп϶ڵѪġ֪Ӫ˶ã˽ģġû뵽ȫڽһˡ
û˵ȹҶûˣ൱ڸҶһЩˡ֧Ҷʵġ
Ҷ֮ǰܹУ϶ޱȵǿģ¶ҶʵĿֲʵ
ͳѾˣǱ˼УǲġˣǴ֪֮Ҷԣûм˸ġ
ѾͽҶʵͷˣǻҪһĸܡ
ͱȽϵĴˡܹô̵ʱоҶߣֻܹ˵ĵӴ
ⳡǷǳĴġĴ˭ҪȥġҪᰡ
ҶʾͲһˣҶǸոճֲõġȻܹһսʵ㹻һ׷ߵˡ
ҪǣľһҶǽӴġҶʲһʵʵڵվڴҵǰģǴҶܹӴġȫͲһˣԵĸҶʺҪǰ;һЩġ
ǳǰܹȵĹһġһעǲʲô̫Ϊġ
ҶʣȻᱻ˸ԣһҲĿԣܻޱȵľʡ
һЩҲǴܿľͷӦ˹ˡ֮ǰڱ̫ˣ̫ûйˡ˶۸ˣ㻹ȥñ˼ĸһȭ
ǣڶֻϵֲܹɽоӪһġ
ܴҶ֪Ǽٵģ㡣ĶⳤģҶʶ϶ǻһЩġ
˼ոûס֣ŪĶ̫ˡҲܹװ׵ĳԿﻹм䰲񻨣ȫûôȫ͸ˡҪҪɽǣҲǿ֧ġȻҪôҡҶֱӴӻбϷһͳ˼䰲񻨶˳
æҵĽסû̵ͨһĹ˵ϣллҶʵ֧֣ɽǣ֤ôҡ
ƲסԼеĿϲ嶼΢΢Ĳˡ
ҲһҶʵĻҲˣΪҶȫû˿Ρ
⣬ȫڶĵ˵İȻ𾪣û˸˵ʲôΪڵҶʾʵġ
ҾãڵĿɽ̫ˣҪһµĹ滮һ£ǿʲôôҶһЩβǶԳ˵ˡһΣǶΧΧ۵˵ˡ
ûκεͬΪڵĿɽ̫ˡΧ˴ĺţ˿ĵҶʷ֣кģǵ˼ԼĸǸ׳Ҷһͷĺߡ
ѾǱ¶ˣҶҲûм뿪⿿ɽͣ˼һ¶ԲߡôֱˣҶʾԼ׼ֵġ
Ȼ֮ǰҶʾѾˣҪȥһ˵ġƱصǻԷһЩĽû뵽⽻ôĿ죬ôļңôĿ١
ôһҶҪĴ̽Ϣ뷨ôˡҲûа취顣ҶѾֱӳ˶ԷǰˣԷ϶Լָ߶ȵĹעôԼڶԷȥء
ң֮ǰĽ֣ҪҶռ·ĻǶԷ϶ֱӾɱˡ
ǽֵʱȻӴʱֻ̣ܶһʱ䡣һ˲䣬ҶԼȫˡ˶㣬ſһȻɹס˶ԷöԷûоԵİգûֱҶʵ鷳ġ
ǶԷ͸ҶʵʵһģҶһ͸Էʵġ¶ԷʵԶԶֹڴ˵ģһҶھԲǶ֡ҪȵԪָ˲ſԵˡ
ҶҲ̫ģ˵ġҪǱƼˣֱӵȼѪܹöԷÿˡ
Ҷ룬ôŶԷѪңҪ㣬㹻ܹͺˡһöԷľѪΪӣ˵ܹԼǱصʵƳˡ
ȻˣҶҲҪһġȻñ˹ôĶҪλøõˡ
ȻһֱûдͣõġʲôʱܹȥҶͬǲ֪ġﵱǴӪһϢŵĵطҲǲġ
ңڱ˵ĵϣǿеĻԼأҲǷǳĿĵ飬ӦԷǡ
ܾ˳ҪͼҶʴɽֱӵĻССסôʱˣҶʻһЩϰߵˡ


946 ҶǸţ
ҲϱУѾǲ˸ˡΪɽǵ³֮ʲôûиɣǵϵѺʯ޽ˡȻǮոˡ
ҶʾûƣǲҪΪԼʱ⸺𣬻һѡʱǿʼµˡ
ԭһ׶صĹġЩọ̈̄ܽܶ඼ǳǿһЩҶͬصģľʵˡ
һָ´ȥܿľִпˡִҲûа취лһֲСһж˼ҪΪܹһսʵģ㾡ܷͺˡ
һ㣬Ҷʾ÷ǳ˼Ǿǳн˽˵һĺģٳܵʮӣŰ³˵ˡ
ȫĲսȫǲܵ顣¹涨ģ˽˶Թȥе̨Уеĵطǲսġ
涨һл³ҶʵϾ˶ǿߣľôļġ˻ĵĻŵġ
ûбĵطȥģȥĵطǻᱻͨǻᱻ׷ɱġǵУҲȫɱ˿ħġкܶĻǱȵģһʱ嶯µĴЩܵĥѾǹ˵ġ
ӵҶһ˭İۣñ˭ָָġǰܹȥ
ڲһˣܹһһˣǴ¿ʼԼһ
ҶһʼûҪЩ˶ŪġֻҪǴڣĵġѪİЩ˶ɱҲ̫ЩƣǴ¡
ڸЩϣˣǲĵˡ˰ȫϣЩӦǻ˼úõĻȥˡŴңôɵԼв˵ˡ
ҶʻڹעĽȡȻ˵ʱģ˵˾ҪȻԼһս֮ڣҶǳϡ֪Լ˿ɽǾûʲôطܹˣôһԴҶкôġӦǷǳļҵġ
ҶʾͲעЩˣʱʱϽȥһʶġսսģΪǷʲôҶʲ˵ˣЩľнǺܿľͷˡΪҶȫ⣬漰ķġ
ʵ⣬ҲǷǳֵģʲô򵽵ʲôʲôرģǲŮرĶࣿʲôģǲرѿԱȡ
̸ҶûʲôӣͨҲһûʲôرġȻץס·˼׾ͿʼûԾ˵Ҳ
Ҷ˺ܶˡǸ̫Ĵ𰸣õ޵ĴЩȫĲͬġ
˵ӦˡҲ˵Ů˶ұȽϵĳ󣬲Ȼôô˶ûп϶̫˲˼ˡ
磬˵ϲŮ˵ģΪ򾪺һƳŮӶòޱȡҲ˵ϲˣɱɽӶ࣬͵ĶСߣ˵ԱаУ˵ԱŮŮ
ЩҶޱȵͷۣҪŭˡȻסˣǻǰѱԼץס˵˸ˡ
˵˰⵱Ī˵ɽǸոµĽ衣ҶʲôطǱȽģʲôĵطǲģЩĵطҪĽġ
Щ˵Щ˴˵ĳͻˡҶҲͲȥˣ͵һĵƷˡ
ȻҶʷ֣ԼæһӡȥһЩ·˼ұķϻóĽȫìܣԼʲôֻ֪ŪԱ𣬴Ǹеİɡ
һЩõϢǾ˵޵ļԻ񼣵ʱһֱɱڵġһֱ˾ͼʵӡ
һ㱻ҶʸεļסˣȻһ֮ǰĶݵĽӴҶ˼ƽϡ϶ĹǳļˣĹӵļˡ
ɱǴӰԵġʲôɱ⣬ȫΪɱ¾ɱ¾ġ
ҶͻȻһҪǶһЩֶǲܹЧĿˡȻ֪вУҶʾӦǿԵġ
ֱӵĶϵˡҶʾãбҪȥ׼һЩģȥǸҲаһЩˡ
ҶʣһŰҶͻȻһĴȣһߵɽһ
ҶҲɽκεĽͣȻԸĿĵЦˡɽ֣ҶЦޱȵյġ


947 뿪
ڿɽǷչٵʱһͻȻһǳشϢҶҪˡ
ʵʲôٲǰ²ӰˡǳһϵеĸĸŪЩġ
ҶûʲôģȻžҪ뿪ˡҪûǸʲôһֱڲ̫ԶĵطģҶǿ϶ô뿪ġԵúúȵĺã˯ҲģҶ뿪Źˡ
Ҷʶ룬еЩûһоƿصĳȻˣȻҶʾ;ǵΣвʲôˡ
Ҷʣ߰
ҶʣһҪĻ
ףһҪսʤǸİ
ףǵɷͳİ
ҶҪˣϢ̫һˣܶ˶ԷĳСǱʲôĿĵģھҶߵˡҶʹĺãǿ϶ҲܹķǳĲġҪҶʹĲãҲǻŵĵùġ
ߡһصߣңԶʴס¡¡ġ
Ҷ֪Ǹʲô̫СˣνһɽݶҶܹ⣬˵Ļ΢һܹģȻǷǳĲĵˡЩҪɷʱķԼʾ
еģеġôǰҾ͸ҶʣеģǾǲšһߣҶûк£ҶʻأʲôµġҶʻûκεıʾֵµȿˡ۵Ļ⣬ʵҶЩĶġ
˵еûд㻹ĵ˵ϲˡ㷢ҹڽֽеĹϡ˷ˣһֻ˵ˡһЦ
ߡһεˣһεҪغܶ࣬úܶ˵Ķ䶼ǶݵʧˡȻ仰ŭˡ
ĸٸҺһԡɱȥûʲô취ȻܴҲû̫İ취Ҵҵôȥƻ㡣صߣҶҲǸŭˡӵĵ̣εİǸʲô
һƥ˳գҶʳ˹һֲĽɱ졣
ҶǰݺݵһƣĿռ䶼ǰƶһ㣬ǽײһȥˡ߽⣬׵ʧˡ
Ҿ㣬˰ȻҸıע⣬ĵͷȥĵطҶҲǿھ棬ԷҶʾ÷ǳĲˬ
ȻûκεĻӦԷϢˣϢˡ
Ҷ꣬Ҷ޵У
Ҷ꣬Ҷ޵У

֪˭ͷһǵ˸źˣ졣̫ˣôӵģǼֱ
ڸҶʣȻôɨӡһ˲䣬ǾоǷǳĲġˣźڲ֪ͷ˱仯ɷɷ
Ҷ鰡İɣԺضһսʱսǳ嵽ǰ棬ǸɷĻᡣҶתͷŴңһ΢Ц¶һڵϸİ
òãһ߸Ҷ޵еķɾ͹ˡҡͷЦֱȥǲô˶Ҷʵİ
ǿҶʾʰġȻҶôᣬôһսʵˡȫǹԵİ
⿿ɽǸҺúõķչˣֱ֮ȥҪʹŵǹƻҶҡҡ֣תԶȥˡ
һȣոǹҪ֮ŭйǵͷô졣˴ĿʵǹغС飬á
İѣҵġոѾˣҪǸҾȥҡҶҲǴĻӦš
ǣҪһʱ벻ֱӳô죿˻ǲġ֮ǰҶǿŹԷҪǶԷϣֱӳǾ͵ù˰
ҲġȥɱҶ붼ûͿˡ
ȵһҪѯʵʱҶѾԶȥˡ
ߡɽǵϿʱһߣʵ˴һġľսĵƬ̣ʲô׵ģȻְĸŻȥˡ
Ҷ֮ǰǾ仰Ȼ˵ô˵ġôôıŤءȫûйĹһڲڶνҶʻȥҵġڵĻôȥ˵Ļ൱ǸұˡҶʣӦþ˼İɡ


948 ݣ
ڿɽǵ˵ҶޱȵͻȻһ־һ龰УҶʾôĵǳˡ֮һʱУҶһޱȣֱҫ۵ˡ
ڿɽǵ˵Ҷ뿪ҲޱȵͻȻڿɽһҲûд೤ʱ䣬ȻôͻȻ뿪ˡ
뿪̫ͻȻˣûи߹κһˡҪҶ̫ڵҫۣǻĶ֪Ҷʽ뿪ġ
ڿɽǵ˵Ҷʶ˵̫رˡ̶̵һʱ䣬ҶʾôĸıǵˡԭϵҶߵСආݻͷȫҪҶʹǿˡ
ôЩĻơ̫ͻȻˣҶû׼áôĪĸıˡ
ҶˡҶ˵ӦǲˡʱĽ˵û̫ļֵˣȻǲˡ˵ԴҺЩĲεӵġ
ľôˣѾ߳ȥ˺ԶˣɽͷǿɽǵķѾǱúģˣԶͿˡ
ϻⶼˣΪмٵİҶûкķ˷ۣȻǰ
ôǰأһ׷߰ҲҪһµҺϰİôĺáɽԹţԹҶʵԹҶʶǰĸԼһµġ
úõ˯һȻúõĳһ٣ߵʱе׼õһЩζĳʳõģЩİɡҪٻȥȼߣҶʺĴˣһʲôҶôܻ᲻֪ءǻͷɽǵʱԵʵϸ΢Ķġ
ãҾôġԶ֮ǰһҪ׼ɽǳĸˣȵľҶ仰һʼ֪ڿɽǲ᳤ҲҪܹ˲ߵİŸոյĿʼȻͱҶʸǿеĴˡ
øƨҼǵĳ˸ոȥʱ򣬿ŵĲеİʲôˣ±˸ˣ±¶ˣһЩ߰ġôûã᲻ˡ˰ҶһֱӺɽһ䡣
ⲻûм¶һЩûдɽֹ˵ҶʵɫƣĸĿˣôʱķ򰡣شӣ
ɽûرע⡣ǿˣΧһжǳϤʱ򿴵ġ
ţֱӳֵĵѾȫɱˡԻһ¡ҴһĶȻߡҶʻҪȥһģݶǴҪġΪҶʿͲǱ𡣲ѾǻˣȷʵǰֱӶֵ˶ɱ˵ģһ£Ҳ˵ȥˡ
һΣɽĲˣһ˲ľͰˡҶһ֮ǰɽȻ˵ʱʱĿԼԹҶʻЩĳԲġ
ӺܿľǰˣҶҲǱóĬࡣеĺҸģȫΪԼ֮֡˲֪˵Ĵӣô˵˾ˣĺ˽ܡ
Լ˽ӣҶʾþһһеıöǳĲʵ
Ϊߵʱһѻյ˵ġȫ˻ҽֻһЩľͷûб׵վҲڱ˲࣬ԭءĶûˡ
ԭĴӵķΧǳïܵҰݣڸס˹ȥһСһеĳĳȫûгֹһ
ǣڸǵֻһУڸǲҶɽļ䡣ӲУһжĿ
ҶʴɽżеĴеʯ·ķ򶼸һ顣ӴпʼһȦոպǻص˴ӿڡ
ҪȥɽһΣһúõļһ£ͲøȥˡҶתɽ˵ţȻתͷˡ
ɽûڣҶ֮صĹ˵ϡĴӻͳһɫƣһĽгҪһ
ɽڻɱЩʱˣһֱϣȵľһõġû뵽ǣôľͻˡ
ɽİеƶ˴ӷмλá
ҺҶʣѾǱˡֻǸʼΪЩ국Ļָʹһﲻ̫æҲ³ΪһʯҲҪҶΪǱġɽصĿ˼ͷȻϢ
ҶʲûԶԶԶĿһ£ɽûʲôľٶʱһ׵Զȥˡ
ҶʵĿ꣬ɽ


949 
ҲûʲôΣգɽҲûʲôĵġ
ңڵɽѾʿˡҶܹ֤ԼܹĽҶʲܹ֤ܹĽġʿɽķΧᱻҵĴ͵ɽһطģǴҶ֪顣
ɽûʲôıҪġҶͻȻ֪Ǹʲôûáڲûã׼һЩҪһЩģҶʾˡ
ɽĵκһֱûʲôı仯ǴеһһܽĽ֪ۡûʲôı仯Ҳûʲôõġ
ֻзܹĳ룬һ㣬ѾˣɽܹĿɽΣ̫ˣô߶ء
ңǵûκεı仯ɽеֲ쳣ïʢġͬһطٿǱϲˡ
Ҷ̧ɽУΪԪĲȻЩĲͬˡصϢҪǿʢһЩˡҶеѪڣκεĽֵǱҶʸֵסˡ
ҶһҪǱҵĴͽȥˣЩ鷳ġɽбϷǷǳѵġңǸĵطҶҲûнȥܵЩųġ
ΧĵƣҶʿ˵Ǳκ˶ҪϤġΪҶʽĴκ˶Ҫġ
ŵĹ۲һµòһνʱ̫ɽеֲķǳĿ죬ǱһЩ֮ǰĵò
Ҷʿٵɽд󡣺ܿģһŴɽҶʵǰˡɽһˣɽҺ޵ģҶʽʱҪǹһεʱ䣬ɽҾζûôĺˡ
ҶժһɽңһҧţһɽȥˡΪ˱һЩ鷳ҶֱӵķųԼƵģһЩɽеԼ
ܿģҶʾ͵ɽɽûʲôı仯һԵĻһѾҶϤЩˡѾǷ˥˺üˡ
ҶԼطȻҪһЩİ񻨳ȥǮˡֱߵ˻Уһ۾Ϳ˼İ񻨡
ҶʶָŻ䣬ĿӦһ˼Ļ䡣
ȻҶֱɽһˡ
Ҷ֮ǰɽҹ䣬Ȼÿһ춼ȥһЩǿֵġҶҲҪɵʱ򣬾оЩ񻨡
ȻҶʻǽʱĵطеģƫΧĵشкܶɽͷа񻨵ġ
ȻûԪʵǲܹСġҶʻҵ˺ЩаСɽ
ÿһľİ񻨣жܹӦһЩֵĲָһġÿһɽͷָķƫȫָһˡ
Ȼ󣬺֮µҶʾ˹ȥˡȻ˰񻨵ҲΨһһ䣬ģİ񻨡ⲿģⰲ񻨵ķֻ֦һֵЧ
ǰҶҵʱ򣬻һֻǿػޣҶûʲô뷨ֱӵˡ
Ҷʿⰲ죬ǰ񻨣ҶȫͲҪģȻˮңػ޿ҲôĺöԸӵġ
һΣҶʾҪǰ񻨵ˡ֮ҪΧشһҪǰ񻨵λûСҪƶˣȥһգЦˡ
ҶʾɽҰһȫͲʲôɽ·ģܶĵطԭҲûʲôɽ·ҶɽٵıһСɽ֮ƶܿľܹеĵط
ⶼҸֹˡȻûŲѵġǶԼػǿػôġҶ棬ʱ򣬷صѾһЩҵ˼˵ģû뵽Ȼû·ġԭλá
ˡҶʴһסǱɽޣҶ޺пٵĵȥ
һ߸ߵɽ壬һǽһɽǱ˹⻬ľڣϳһЩֲǲ̫
Ϊ߷屻ƿ˴룬زͳһƽ̨
ƽ̨֮ϣһͨ嶼ѩ׵ֲֲ궼ڷŵĹ⻪ޱȵޡ
ֲһ˴СĻ䣬εġޱȵһ˯еģһƮƮӡ
Ȼǰ񻨵ıˣҲҶʴеĿꡣ
֮ǰҶѾǿһεˡһοҶһһľ̾⻨䣬̫ˡʱŮӣվ⻨ǰ棬Ȼʧɫġ


950 ȷСô
Ůӣӣòǻ۲ҲûУòǻʲŮҲӦܹҵġ
ǣ⻨ǰǻԲλġ⻨͸һֿĸоܹĸ˲ƽһֶصʣһ˿̻ϢŮӲ߱ġ
ҶʾôԶԶĿţȻԲλˡһʱ֮Ȼֵͷˡ
𡭡һ˻𣬻гĦֱǰҶʸ˹ġ
ˡҶһԾֱӴһɽͷһɽͷպǶ㿪һ
һӴҶֱӵλó˹ȥײǺһСɽϡֱǰСɽġ̳
ˡ̳һɫٵҶʳ˹ҶһԾ޳ʱͻȻص£뱳ϣֱӰȽµĴɽСҶٴεˡ
ǰ񻨵ػޣһͷͨɫľ޴롣׿⣬пֲʮסһԴޱȵķܹ׵пСɽжһġ
һΣҶֻԶԶĿһۡպ˹ʳ׷ҶʵܡȻûˣһ·õġҶҲ뼸ºݵģѪˡҲдɽҶޱȵǱԭ
ڣͺˡǿҶʣһ۾ϳˡҲƬСˣٻѲĶ֡ϴͻȻҶʣȻˣǳķŭ
ȰҶ׷˸ϻʱ򣬷Լػİ񻨲㱻͵ˣŭϼŭġһ֮°Χܴ޶ɱˡԼĵֵ̣ɽǷзģŭϡ
ôжģǺܳһʱԼؾȻûʳԴȥ޵͵Եġ
ڸӦҶʵϢȻǵһʱͳ˵ġ
̲ߣǻǱͨǿһЩġϴҶʣǱֱܵԼĻ국ġ
ˣս˺ܶ࣬ɱб죬ҪúõĶԼ´μʱֱӵİҶʸɵġ
ǣ뱯ķ֣һغϻֲʤڶغϣԼûлعȻͱļһ˽ȥˡ
벻ϵһСɽܿľͱǷƽˡǱǸʼȵĲһֱվԼıϣȫá
һֱ£Ҷתǰ񻨵ķ
Ĳʳ˼̻ӣ΢΢Ķһ£׵ź׵Լ۾һ˯Ůת˹
Լ۾Ҷʿ˫۾Ǻڱʯһġ۾в˿ʣκεĸ
ҶʱôĿţȻеͷܿԷĿ뷨뷨ոճ֣ҶʵѪһתԲλ뷨ʧˣͬǲκǰӡ
ˡ촽ͬޱȵĿ飬ǳĶɽȪˮˡ
ϴҲˣҶһ£֪ôĻشôˣȻٴεĺ˵һԼҪԼһĻ
ǵģϴֳĶεС۵ʱ򣬾ͿԶȥˡٴεĿڣһ
Ҷ֪ǶԷʹȻоǶԷĽӴ֪࣬Ĳ࣬ȻҶʳ֣¾ͻЩĺµˡ
㡣ûа취ϣһˡҶ̾һһӣǺȫûǿжֵʱ䳤ˣ¶᲻Ҫսˡ
ܻشһôûзҲûдӦ˵
ǽôҶʵʵûмŴӦ
ͷ룬Ȼ˵ͷӦǵİɡ
ãʰɣ̫˽⣬ҿԾܾش𡣡Ҷʵ˵ܹ߶Էòˡ
ȷſСôͻȻڣָָҶʽŵµ롣
СࣿҶȻһ£ȻڨЦˡҪˣҶʸһ£ӵĺ˻ȥˡ
ıԴĲ֣ˣŽܵϵĿҶʣĿʵ
Ҷһ㶣Ȼɱ磬˫Ķӡ˫ڶμ棬ǶԼֵŲ֪ԼӣȻֱӿ˵ԼܡҶʾúǲܵķӦҪɱ˶ԷȻû֪Լˡ


951 ѩ
ҲѹҶʻŵˣҪһһܹȫ̽ܣ㻹ᱣֳȻ״̬ôûһ˿ôİɡ
ں£ǿٴεĴ˹ҶʵĶħһ
ϻ㵽ô֪ģΧҲûʲôˣֱӳҲʲô顣Ҷʴĺš
˵ˣҿıԴ֣סˡңĲϵģȴߵķ֮ϡСоҶʵϢ仯֪Уǵӵǰ
ӣʼյ峺һֱûκεϵĲҶһ£ѵԷܹĵıôȻôῴԼûĶɱء
Ȼûлش𣬵һ֪ˡԭ㻹Ĳϵˡ̫ˡҶʻشٴεĿˣĲΪϢԭܹ˵硣ܸӣûа취ȫ͸дƬĻ磬ʲôûУֺھܡ
Էô˵ҲǸҶʴˡԷıǰ񻨣ĵãǴʲôˣֻҪܹġⱾľڱ˵һӣһй֮ͬ츳Ҳ˵ùȥˡ
Ҫ⣬ʲôûлشǲǻǻҳȥҶʳĬƬ̣ǹִҪԷߡ
ȻһܹĴ뷨ߣҶʾ÷ǳĲڣʱûд·һġ
ҿļ֣ҲȥҲûκεİ취ġҪǿеҪңҲûκεİ취ӵ˵ޱϲûʲôĸ鲨ֻڳһǳļ򵥵ʵ
ȥԺҪ˵Ҫ츳Ҫģҵ飬Ҫ˵Ҷʶӣ˵
õġ֣ôڹأƫͷƬ̣Ȼ󿪿ڴӦˡ
ҶȷʵΪ룬ȻӵıҶʾǷǳĲġҶûиоκεĸϢȫһ´İֽӣҶʲĵĻȥϣܹԭԡ
ǸԼȥ磬ĸ꣬ĵĺڰĿˣ֪ûôʥࡣˣҶΪԼ˼벻ĿƣҲΪܹԭԣһ
ˣʲô֡Ҫȥˣܹһֱ֪ôĽɡҶͻȻʵ
ѩҲԽСѩԼ֡ϧɽкѿѩӣŶǰѩ˵˵ѩϸֳ˿ĵɫ
ҽҶ
֪Ҷʡ
ҲĿҵģҪ˽ҵ뷨ô
ûУ֮ǰ˽ġ

ȻѾǾҪҶߵˡǰѩҲһӵӡֲ궼ʼ
ҶʿԶɽҲ˽׵Ĺâн׵ĻǹâƮ䡣дģԶȡ˹עǰѩСðѩ˶ӵƮһֽɵˡ
Ҷ΢ıһ£ȷЩɽ֮ǰԼҹɣһЩҶʶûзֵɽͬйâġ
ǳһʱģűԭеĹâʧѩϵʥĹâҲˡ
ѩһֲʧȥһһ
СȵĻһԼ֫ѩȻЩĲӦ֮ǰֻͷܹǲܹƶġԼնֲϵһֲһ顣
û뵽㸶ô󡣡ҶεЦЦǿˣԷһֶصķеģ׳ԼԼĵȻðѩȵжԼˡ
ѩû˵ҶһۣҶʻ궼ûˡһȥ˱壬ѩҲӵһˡһ̳ӣȻʲ䣬˸ӵͨˡ
ʱ䣬ѩƽ̨СƶȻӦڵ״̬ߵҡҡλεģкüζˤˡҶʼҪȥǱԷǲκεĸ鲻κεʵ۾ţҶֻա
߰ɣÿˡһ㲻ҪҵʱҿٴεĻָԭ״̬ѩӦµ״̬ˣߵҶʵǰ˵
ҶʵǴʧȥİֲתͿһϮƮƮİѩվԼǰ
ʲôҲҪʱҶʵҪһֱռš


952 Ů
ȻҶֻ룬û˵ѩǻؾҶһ񣬿ҶЩĳԲ
˵˲ҪĿҵôԷҶﲻ֪Է֪Լ뷨ģһİš
㲻˵ȥ֮ôڻǿеɽСҶʵͬʱһ󵭵㴫˹
֪ǲǻþҶʺǷֶԷ΢΢ĹĻȡȵҶϸȥʱֶַԷ֮ǰûʲôɫ任
ߣ뿪Ҷʽúģ󲽵ǰȥ
ҶʻʱʥȷʵһĨЦݵģӿǶһЩľҶʲûп
ҶߵķǳĿģΪѰѩҲ°ѩġԷȻӦˣӦǲᷴڵġ
Ҷʷ֣ԷʼܹԶĸԼ󣬲Ҷôļ٣ǰѩʼǸҶһλľ롣ͷһ£ҲԷκεĳı顣
Ҷʲϵļ٣ԷʼյܹϵġһɫһɫٵɽдҶһ·ٵĳ˳ˡ

ݰ֦ܵյž죬ľϵĿƣ֬ϵĵ䣬͵˵ζҲɢ˳
ҲСˣǴûб˸ӵǿҪӵǿȴӳԷʼһ㣬Ժһ㣬Ȼܹ೤һɷʲôҲһݵİաɽֵ壬ǻѵԱߣץһ鿾ĽĶĺ˴š
ɽһ߿ţʱʱĻͷɽķҶҲ֪ȥʲôȥˣͬû˵ó
ҾȰҲԵɽعͷֹ˵³˿еĹͷȻǿŵһ鿾˫֡
顱һ죬ɽԴϱصûһӡ
Ӵ˭ҡҸ㣬ҶʵСܡҶ˭֪ôҶҪüֵĽɫø̵ĵǸȻĲ㡣ɽѸٵĻͷĺš
ôļӰǧҪҶʴҰģҺúµġɽԴһµȻǸոմŰѩɽҶˡһֹ˵һЩʲô
Ҷϸ֮£һͷĺߣӶ˾ͳԶ쾭顣ƫƫɽҳôΰĽڳҶЩɽˡ
ҶҲܿģĳɽǺһЩˡ֮ǰȻʲôû˵ҶǿóģɽʼЩԼʵûбסҡ
ڣ˵СǱ˵ġֱӶֵѾǱˡɽҲǺһЩˡ
Ҷ˵ͬʱֱȡһƵĿˡæ˴ʱˣҶʶûгԹʲôЩĶ˵ġң⿾⿴ҲҶʺȡˡ
ѩԲԣҶҪеʱͻȻ˻һˣϽĿʵ
ġѩüͷǳ񣬲ûж˵ʲôҶʱԼ˼ˡ
ˡҶҲûжģԷֲ껯ģʳҲ˵ĹȥҶԹԵȻڵľ׽š
ۣŮɽ֮ǰֻſҶʣûпԶһλãһһϮµŮ
ҶʶԷ˵ˣɽǷӦٳٶһ㣬ҲǷ˵ġʱþҪ͹һ˸ĹʡеûȥĿ⣬Ҳǻˣ·϶֪
ѩɽԵüͷģȻɽıѩҲû˵ʲô
ɽⱲôƯŮ˰ǰΪоʹ仨Ưˡ˴ȥ˿ɽǣ;СŮӵˡڣ˰ѩɽǾСŮӡΪѩȫͲǷ׵ŮӣϵŮ·ˡ
ӽ㣬ҡҡҽɽ·ҵôɽĨһǵĿˮͰ͵˵
Ҷʲ㱻ԼĿˮҭˣɽǡ̫ˡ
ɽҲԼʧ̬ˣЩ˼ͷøҶ̫ˡܹѧ£ܹ۸ˡܹϺߡ
ڣɽûһǳҪġǾǣҶʣܹŮӵˡ
ǸʲôģѩüͷøˣɽҲǶദһЩĸӵȻЩĲġ
Ǹʲôģ仰ǰҶʸסˡôش


953 ֱȥ
ҶʹĳԵĺһʱ䡣ΪǰһĻ
ҶʵĽ£˵ɽԼѡСڰѩѡѩɽȻЩĲˣǽɽĴڵˡ
ɽһһЩɵɵ㶵ģ˼·˵ġ
ڽ죬ȫ˵һĻˡʼǶŰѩһӡģˮҶʶһļƤˡ
ѩܿľƽˣʼǲΪȫͲȥɽֱӾͰɽǿˡ
Ҷʾ÷ǳȤʵ̫˼ˡҶϣ˼ˡ
ϲңѩͻȻתͷɽ˵
šɽһֱֲӱѩŪˡԷǴԼˣɽȴ֪ôĻش
˵ϲɣŸոռ治ã㲻ʶģЩ٬һӡ˵ϲɣԼҪԼˣҹʱ䣬ûбõı׵Ļˡ
ɽܿľ˾ˣһ΢΢ſҪ˵
ǣϲʲôѩһɻͷɽ
ɽоԼǱһưˮĶˡԭò׵ĹôıˡԷô˵㲻ǾܾԼˣɽ˼šӽǡÿɰ
ۡҶһɱĶԻˣеһô˳ˡ
ˣҪĿ˵ġɣ֪а취ġҶܲˣǴһ˫ϴ˴һЩ
ѩ˵ͷһ׵ĹâɽС׹ɽһЩˡһӴһåһ¸еʥˡԴˣҶֻܹ˵ˡ
ϷҲǲˣҶǰеĶԹˡһеĿȫﵽ˵ġʱȥɴµˡ
ˣҶ֣Ȼվ
ȥѩҶʵľνҶʸģȻǸҶߵˡɽȴɻһ¡
ȥȻˡҶҲĻش
ȥɽһ£һĿࡣ
ϻѵΪ֮ǰ˵İҶתɽԴһ¡
һֱԼھҪȥΪԼڿɽǳ˵ĻǼٵˡҶûʲôȻȥ˶ԷȻ󿴿ôȥˡ
ھȥעҷӲʲôõġһҪȥһһ·ͷءעǳΪп޵ǵˡɽһʧ䣬Сֹš
˵ʲôҶֻɽһֹģûɽ˵һЩʲôʴ˲ôһʡ
ûûû˵̰ɡڣ̣ϣֱȥɷǸʲôɽô˵һأⲻô
ҶҲȥ룬˵̫õĻҲ˵̫ĻҶʾôˡ
ķ򣬶Ҷ˵ޱȵҶȥһεĿɽǸӵ
ΪԴһνӴ֮ҶʾܹӦԷϢˡ޵ģʼһطûʲôĶġ
ҶʱԷɿĸ·ģҶҲȷʵ뷨˿ƶԷİ취ˣĺĳڶԷĵϣݺݵӦһ¶Էġ
Ҫ̵ĳҲǲʵġҪǰΪܹٵĳڶԷĵϵġһΪɢˣֻܹ·ٶȾ˺ܶˡ
ҶʣôĿʲôүǵĵûʲô⣬ӽô졣Ҷʵٶ̫ˣɽҪĲܹǿĸȥġһߵӽȻûʲôʾǱͰҲǿʲôɫϵı仯ɽΪӽᱻŵġ
ҶǹճһĨ΢ЦȻû˵жͷǳٶȣٴεļӿˡ˲ȥԶ
ҶʣôͲȰءϧҲġ㵥һӣû㡣Ҷ˲ľͳȥȥԶɽ֪ԼǸϵģˡ
ӽ㣬£ҶҴģСëëŵģһ㶼֪չˡĸ·һˣͻͣǵġɽȻϣӽһߣɽҲǷǳĿĵġԼԼһ˵ǣûб¶Լ׷ҶʵʵֳܹԼᣬԼڲͬ


954 ɽҸ
ɽŬΪ˵΢ЦһתͷŰѩ
ҶѾˣ㲻ҪٵôѩֵĿɽһۣҶʵģûǿĵı죬ɽ뷨ѩȻǲ֪ˡ
ҶѾǿҪˣɽ⼷üŪ۵ģðѩǷǳĹ졣ſںĵš
ӽ㣬żߣȵҶһˣȻͻͣˡɽ΢ЦΪ˱ڵ飬Ҫסˡ
߰ɣˡѩ룬Ȼɽ˵ͷ˲Զȥˡ
ۣӽ˵ˡɽ˲ӿ죬ҪĳˣһСҸܿľѹˡɫҸûˣһĴ㵵顣
ӽ㣬ܰô죬ȵҰɽ˲侪ֵĴﻹõӽӰء
ɽ˲ƵҪԭӽôԭӽҶһչԼոջΪǵȥ±ˣ϶ǱЦ˵İɡ

ȵɽ׷ʱҶѩһŴ³Ѿǲ֪Ϣ˶õˡҶеģĿһҰݡ
ѩҲһߵϢ⻹Ҷʵһοѩ˹ӡΧĲľԶһƵϢɢ˳ѩˡ
ɽˣҶȻǵһʱͷֵˡʱɽѾţˣͲûſȥˡܹԼԤеʱܹǲˣȻԼҪǱһ¡̬Ƕģû͵ʲôġ
ҶǹɽڵԪܹŶõģܵǰͣġԼСѩʧˣֻʣɽһˣɽ϶ǻƴ׷ϵġһá
ӴɽܵͦҶЦЦ
ǡǣɢǵġɽĴϢһ£ǿеĿסԼĺ࣬Բѵ˵
ˣϢһ¡ҶҲ𴩣ߵλá
ɽҲ˵ƨƨߵ˹ôˣ綼۵һˡҶĵλãǿѩһλãɽľƣʲôһɨˡǳĿġ
ɽոյһɵʹ˱ǿСܵһڣһı۾ǸҲƽѸٵı۾ʼ˴ָ
ҶЦЦǺõİаѩһŮϵɰܵİ
Ҷǹģѩϵζܹɽٵӵε֮С
ոôľ룬Ӧǰɽե˵ġʱô
ҶʶЩĽɽĴˡԼûİ󲿷ֵʱ䣬Ǳ׷ŵܵġʵܹôĿ죬ҲЩܲɷֵϵġ
ȥʲôʱܹʲô򡣡ɽʱ򣬰ѩ۾峺ӶҶʣʵ
Ҫҵ硣Ҷʸո뵽ͱѩ˵ˣҶʶʱŭˣŮôôĲءҲܹģӦõ鲻˶೤ʱ䡣
ѩ΢΢һЦ˵ˡǰҶʸסˣɽò˶١ҶʸϽĬ˰˿ʮ飬Ű߰뷨ѹסˡ
ҶҲǼٵ֮ŮӵˣǱѩһЦסˡЩͬɽˣ˰ѩҲ֪˵飬ǲ˵顣
ĺܳһʱ䣬ظͬ顣ɽǸŪĿ಻Եģÿ춼ڼжȹġϣҶҲʱġȵɽֱ֮ӵĵͷ˯ָȥˡ
ҶҲǿġÿεʱ򣬶Ҷɽڸ·ʱȥɱҰĿ⣬ȵɽʱܹϵġ
ѩЩ֣ûгκεĶÿε䣬İ취άġ
ĥĸ·ЧҲǷǳԵġɽʵԵһЩġͬľ룬ɽԵҪɺܶˡϢ״̬ҪһЩģٲһһˡ
ҶʶԴ˻⡣ȻڸеʱɽͬĲ̫õģԱҪǿһЩˡ
ͣͣģ˼µʱ䣬ҶǻǺ˺Զľ룬ǿˡ
ʱɽĥҲǸһˣɽ˵ĶҪˡܹʱʱ̵̿ĸӽ㡣ǲһ߸·ʱһӽûбҶ۸ˡɽãҸ


955 еӭ
ֻϵ˶ǸǿĴͳεĵһֳƺȻҲˡ
ǣ򲢲ϣֻһȽϴıȽرĵˡ
ԳҶʾǷǳĿЦġûļ£Ѿҵķˡ
һЩرġƴ򣬺ԳһһȫĽšʥޱȵģľͺǴϳѳȥһ
翴һʥģ͵硣ҶʻǷֱ˲֮ͬУʵǰɱġ
ǽɫҶҲ̽ˣҶʿӦʱ̫ˡôҶЩľжĳĿ־屻˹ġȻһ𣬾˲֪꣬Ȼ˽Ĺģġ
ԷȫԼİԵɱЩѹŵģ͵ģɱʵܲÿһĽ䴦
ҶʲϲطЩĲѩͬǲϲطȫľһҪҶģѩԲ̤ġֻɽҪһЩģԭһֱڶԷͳǲϣûнӴǱ鲼Ϣġ
ҶҪ֣һߵѩȳˡеĹâɢЩɱ˿һԶɢˡΧճ˺ôһΧЩ㶼á
Ҷ棬ԼǴһǵˡſһԼҲܹǾûô⡣ңԼſľԶԵǻġǰѩſԶߣû֮
ߣ̫ҶǸոжʱһֲɱͳ˹ֱȡѩ
ҶʱҪֵģǲ֪뵽ʲôַ̧ȥˣһ߾ĵȴš
ѩ˻֣һ˿̻Ϣһ֮˲߽ɱ⡣
ٺٺ٣ҡҾܹģûԵĳ֡ѩɱ֮תͷĿҶʣҶʶЩ˼ˣſڱš
ʵҶǸոտʱ򣬾ѾǸоǿעӵˡҶǴעҪˣȻ¡ѩҲ֪ʲôɽܹô
ôĽţ۹һµģҪҡоԷҪ֣ҶʿڴĺţҶʵһΣеӭ
ӦΪͬһطˣ˫ϢѾܹĸоˡȻܵúҶʣΪҶȫľͲҪ˼ɵģΪԼôĶ˵һİˣôĿܹٵŵء
ǶԷͲһˣԵпԵڲԼϢġҶĵȥӦˣֻܹӦıԴϢ̫ڵϡˣҶʶǷֱ治ˡ
ҶʾöԷ̫СˣԼѾǵŰݷõˣԷȻӭӵġӦþ֮꣬㣬Ŷ̹ô
ȻҶҲǳСԼϢöԷ̽ˡ
аѩߵˣѾܹſһƬռĻˡ
ԷȻϢˣҲûйʶȷʵЩҶʺĲ׽ˡջѡ̣ûйΪҶǡ
ҶǾֵˣ˻ֵİԼⶼ۸ˣȻеġԼиƨõİܹûпԼô
Ҷ룬ҪԼԷһλáԷôҡڵܵԼĵˣԼֵģҲʹٰʮļһͶԷ֣ͨһֹǵġܹöԷľͶˣԼĵطܹöԷôôĶ԰ɡ
ҶҪͬ׼̫֣Ҫֱӳ嵽ԷУץһٱˡԷıܶսҶʶΪǶԷʲôˡ
ûгҶӭ˼еӭĳˡ
ȥ򣬲Щļһܹ̤ġ
ȻⳡǻһˡסеģȻʵͽǵУϵǲܹµġ
ڣЩļһŷҲˡܵеģĵûô
һȺ˰ҶǸΧǴţеҪǱסˣ޲óֵˡ
һžӨģճĶҶط˹ڿвϵı任״ٶ̫һˣҶһŤͷͶˡ


956 ˾㣡
ҶǶ㿪ˣҶվŵɽûж㿪Ҷʵǰ˵һӾϵǣⶫֵҲ̫ͻأˣɽûа취ܡ
žȻΧǳֵġΪڵĹעΧһеԼѹͻˣһžͱŴˡ
ˣһôһôʲôʲôɽأš
˰죬ûиоκεĲʣֻϵĶЩĻˣøˡճģһҺ塣մȾҺǰ˿ٿ˿Ȼֿ˿
ҿǱ飬öİɽһֱͦˣԼϺҵĨšôĨǰḡֳһĻޱȵĶġ
Ҷʵǳ鴤ţϹ˺ߣһŲŲѩҲͷһγ˵ɫͬŲŲ
Ĵ֮ôֱ̫ˡĵ¡ҪôĶĵˣܹһȺͽİҶʲȥɽˣתͷЩɽľʵݳЩ㵵ͽ
˵ܵģʥģôôͽĿڷˣǲҶʳеϵ
Ȼûˣһǻ飬˦ܹѵԴġָʹ˰ҶţǼ⣬Ҫһ¶ԷҪ֪ոҶǱĵ˵ģǱ鱾ɹģ˰ˡ
˭˭ɵġ˭ͽҲڴ۾ˣӣҪ޳˰ɡ
ǣҡˣԡո豧ң˵̫ˣȻͰѱ˦ˡպáպþͷɵǸǱȥˡһȻ綼ˡ
˶ѭķ˹ȥˡһСŮ˴ҵ֮У÷۷۵ģӣҶʵĴСôҸţЩСߣСģĲ
СŮĸף˶ˣҲЩĽ뺦µġСŮֽ˽Щ˳ƴġ
ɽҲֹͣǿŵĲöɫƤ¶ҪһˡСŮɽñôһ۵СŮһı飬Ҳʲô̫Խܵ顣
ǣҪСŮ֪ɽ뷨ĻһһСߵĸɽ磬ⲻŪģԼһġ
⣬ҶҲüµˡȻԼᣬʵСŮĸ׵ˡץһСŮţЩ˵ȥˡ
ԵǸġʵڲУʵڲУҾͼ޸磬͵ʱǸˡҶûгСŮΪһſǻ˵һίĿɽ
ãòòáɽһ£û뵽ôֳԼˡİ֡ЦԼӾߣôܹ黨ǲݵءǣԼӵ棬Ůӿˣǡ̫ˡ
ɽԼ˸̫ǿˣҲԼӵǰ԰һɽȥˣŮǸʵʵŮӡң˵޸ʱ򣬻һίġ
ˣɢҪΪǣǶĶ֡һϵ쳹Ҷ˵ʱ
˵ȻˡȻûмʶҶʽʲôġǱϾҶĵˣѾԼϳˣĲȥܵĻȻ˵ȥˡ
仰ҲûָʾˡȻҶ÷ǳĲʣǲûбİ취ָǻǱصġ
ʲôÿҶʵ˵Ȼɽѩǰȥ
ҶʵѲָǲҶʵˣһȻû˰Լˡ
ôҶ߿ˣЩĲˬġǳϻǲϵģ֮ǰĶݵĽ棬˵ġ
һȺˣһɱ˵Ҷǣһ߻һ߿
λ磬Һ㡣һҵĳŵģҾ㡣ҶǶѾԶˣͻȻһ仰ɽһֱˤ˵ϡǱ첽ĸҶǣͷһصġ
ҶʻǾЩĲģǴſھͰǳġҪǷԣ⳷ҲҪһЩġԼķΧˣĶԷĵˣҪӵСһЩˡ


957 Լ
ȻкǵļɵҶʲûб¶ֺġԼԷĵϸԷͬԼĵϸԼֻˣԷǼҴҵġôģǶԷҪӵһЩĲŶԡ
ߣҶΪǶԷͽֱӳſһƬռ˶ԷϢԣҶǵϢеǸġߵ۾עǡȣҶʻܹڶԼעĿ񣬵ʱһˣҶʾ;òˡ
ڣаѩһߣϢܹĵģЩƽȻֵˡ
ÿһν׵ĹɹͻϼʵͽäĿݵģִ䵭һЩЩͨݵģֱӱѩԭˡ
Ҷһ·εĸоʶ˾ҵĲġԼĺ飬֪ˡ
ܹķģУӵܹᵽַӵ۴αȵģͨÿһط
ǰǸİôôһط˵ӦûдƬĿտġ
УûСǷݣǷĽֵȺ۵һЩ֯һޱȵ֡·ߵķᣬȫǾסģзݷװȵӦоеġ
ҶʵǱסˣǰѩʳ˼̻жЩľ档
ôӴ˿ڻôֿ㷱Ҷʶ˴Ҳֻܹİɡ
ֲöԷԳĴǣĴֱʣмܹʵֵء
Ҷʾãǰǰʣµ˿ȫۼһҲ˿ڶİɡǰǰʣĳǳȫͨһҲǲ򷱻ġ
ʱҶЩĺµˡԼǰ̫򵥵ˣܹԼ̾ľôô
ҶҶʣҡЩĺ¡ҾðɣǻߣӳɡɽЩģҶʽš
ҶοҲİԭɽΪҶʾˡǣµɽв֪ôЩĺˡǸоһĴ˰ɡ
ɽûй˼ȥ۲ΧһУһֱҶʡҶľжˣľ͸ƻˣǾ鷳ˡ
ϢǳϢʲôţⲻûгµôԷǶҺܼɵôҶɢԼĲںǳš
ųȥȻûսоѾɵˣӰԼսġһķʲôǾûһܺõ״̬ȥӦԵˡ
ңûŰڸҪǾͻȥ˰ɡɽһ˵ţȶӶڴˡ
Ϣʲô֣ѵʲôôҶʱһɽĵӻͦİôأҶЩ㲻ˡ
ûҵġɽϽĿڱ⡣
ԣҵġΪ˸ʲôأҶٴοѭѭա
ңΪ˱𡣡ɽ룬Ȼܿľ͸˴𰸡ҵҪĿģΪ˱ġ
ԣġȻ鷳ˣҪŵˣ㻹ʲôҴĺʲôģҶʴĺţɽһ
ҵģģɽǺܿķӦ˹۾ĺ˳ҪԼеĿ־嶼ȥһ
õģǳĲǵĿʲôҶһĻЦĺšɽΪ۾ԿҶϵĻЦȻĻɽһǻעһˡ
ɷͳ򣡡ֵĽֵϣɽôɵ㶵Ĵ˳ˡ
һ˲䣬Ľֵ϶ˡΪɽһɤӣʵ̫ˣ˺Զĵط
úúã־Լ˵ģҵİҶЦķǳĿģƲԼĹϵ
ɽʱľ;ЩĲԾˣҶʵȦˡڵ˵ĵϣΧĶǵطԱԼҪɷԷͷǲô
һȺ˶Ŀ¶׹⣬ɽ˹
Լ飬ԼˡҶʹһЦŰѩźֱӾܳȥԶǰɽԭأûйɽͼ
ɽһޱȵıߣ⻹ǴҶѧʡ
ҶҲǸӦģΧĶͨˣɽɲʲô˺ģôķİɽһġ
Ҷûע⵽ǣѩתͷҶʣ϶һ˿Цݡ


958 ֱӵţ
ʲôסĵطڴ˵ʲô̫εġֻҪһ۾ܹġ
룬һ߸ߵĸ¥ʵ˵¥Щǿˣһ޴̤صģ϶ûƲ㣬ˡ
ˡڴҶĵطԼأͬʱҲǿ硣
жôĸߣû˵ֻ֪ˡΪû˿ġ˵ʲôǿĽֹÿ˶ޱȵޱȵη壬Ŀ
ȥǸҶʱע⡣ûа취ȥġҶʾʹĵŰݷá
ݵļεĽӴҶޱȵȷԲѹԼģҶʶԼšҲҶȥҪƾ衣
ʲôƻ˼Ҷ͵ˡˣûʲôͬġֻǶӵһЩΪһǾϵļһĴڡûҶеĽǲһĿȡ׿ǵ˵ͨûκε
ˣһЩǳļͽ֮⡣˿Ҷǵû񣬵ȻͿһҲ㲻ʲôĽġ
ͻȻҶһ£ոȥһҲûʵӲ˰УЩĹ졣
˻ʽѾǶˣԽȫˡҶĲСڸոգһֱûʲô˻ʽȻĲһ¡ƾϢĸӦҶʷ֣ԴͷȻǸ
ҶЩĻȣѵʣµİسС
ϸ룬ҶʾǷǳпܵġԼĪģ˻ʽİҲҵˡʣµİҲһ磬Ҳûпܵġ
ңԼõأϢʱֱӵĳҪġԷԼ˻ʽҲǷǳĸȤġԷаоʲôģҲ˵Ĺȥˡ
ҶĺҪһ䣬ԵԵ̤Ьٴȫѹ⼸飬ָԴˣҶǷǳġĵġǸҶָ˷ģôͷӬˡ
ôˣҶʣıעˣ̫ˣȥһû׼áߣȻһʱɡɽ֪ʲôʱˣҶʹľٶĵ˵
ʲôˣո˭˵ҪɷġҶʷһİۡڣҶ˵ʲô׵뿪ˡôԼģôĶҪһġ
ҸոǸɷ˵ģûǸʵİɽˡҶʲĴԼȥͷȥ鷳İɡ
˵ģ˵ġߣŸʲôҶʿںţһɽƨϣɽһ򣬲鲻ԸǰŲ
м֮£Ҷ·ߵķɿ죬ܿľͰɽ˦ɽҪĥţҶʶˣҲôİȫͼӿ˽ŲҶʵĲӿٵǸȥ
ԶѾǾ÷ǳĺΰˣĿӵ˲õġ
ֱһСɽһô롣
ľʽṹģûнӿڣһ壬һľľϵ̳һҶʺܿҡҡͷ뷨Ҫôŵһ̫˵ˡ
жٲҶʲ֪Ϊվĵ£̧ͷϿǿͷġҶֻܹʮŲӣϾͿˡҶʿʮŲ㣬ÿһ㶼в಻ʮǣֱָʮλÿһ㶼ָͬʮλûһ˿ƫ
£׼̤ķΧɱۡҶһˣǸʱһѲߵʿҶǴš
Ҷʲûᣬǹִǰߡɽͷ˿Щģ֮ǰһֱҶʵĺŵģһܵҶʵǰȥˡ
ϣЩˡΪ׵ͷ쿴ҶûԼЩҲסķŭһ֣ȫҶǳ˹ȥˡ
ҶʻȻתüͷЩˡЩ˶ǳĿȣһֲ̬ĵزˡϸŪŪѪɱ̫ġлԩ
ҶʾЩ˵ϢϤϸĿһ¡ȻڶԷĿ֮ϣһѳӡҶȻЩΪһЩ˵߹ˡЩϵѪ֪ɱ˶˵ˡ
ҶЩףʲôȻصķǳеɱ⻹ǷǳԵġװʲôʥˣԼֲǷǳĺõô


959 ס֣
ڲɱˡҶʵ˵Щг˲м
ͨľҶʿܲˣΪ֮⣬ûʲôǶЩˣҶʾȫĲҪˡ뵽ӱɱˣҶʾ֪Щ˲֪Ϊ˶ٵѪȵ顣ҶʴĴӣЩ˵ֻһӰˡ
ҪǻдҪҶֱӾͶˡ޼ɵĳ֣ϵǸ˿϶ҪָԤģǾǰٴζˡ
ҶʵĺЩ˶ͷһѣΣжݵĿհף㶵ͣԭء֮󣬿ҶʵЩĺȻֱǣǰ뵽Ķһκһ˶ҪǿĶġͷͷͷûʲôָʾǶЩԥ
ҶʣЩˡɽҶס˳ӣҲǷĴ󵨵ĿԷؼϵӡ̫Բˣɽһʱͷˡһ˲˫Ѫ죬ȭͷɳƵÿ˵
Ҷû˵һ˶ԷݵˣȻòɽѡɽǿƣҶûʲôָʾûҶ
ŸʲôɱͷҲһͷ󣬵Ȼ֪Ҷʺܿµˡﻢµˣڸǰ档Ȼûп϶Ǹڹ۲һһġ
Ҫǳȥ϶ǱҶʸɱһġҶڵĴӵЩ˶ЩŵģڶԷѾˣֵܹô
ǲȥǸͬǲǡеͨľǳֻǼӴһЩˡ֪ⶼǱԻ˵Ŀġɱ˺ֹǧһɱ˲գ۵ħͷҪˣһǻȥġ
ڰǰֻѡһĳȥҶʸɱǼӦǻᱻƴġһǶһʱ̵ģȻһҲ
ȡᣬѡʵǳļ򵥡ԣͷĺܿľ˶˵ȷľˡ
Ҷü̧ͷһǸ߸ߵ⣬̾ԷĿ˵ֶο¡Щ֪Ǳģܹһǰڿ˵ķ棬ҶҲϲϵˡҶҲû뵽Ҫ˭
һûսҶʶûжĶֱǰȥûʲôֲԪǿֱֲ˵ģһȺʿ˵֮ϡ
һȺʿڷûйԣ˵ע£ҲĵġӽصĶ鿪ʼǾϵ˻һˡǣûϵط˸ɷ
һеһУôҪˡѾǹȥˡֻϣ±ӹһƽ˵ǹˡ
ϡһĽһֲɱĻ˲ı˺ѿˡ
ҶѹסЩ֮󣬾ûмֵĴ㡣Щ˲ֵҶʶֵģҶҪϷǸˡϷǸٲ֣ԼļſڣôĶҪӵġ
ԣɱոճʱҶʾѾǸӦ˵ġֱ۵İ˻ʽٵĻҲľбϷ˹ȥ
ϡһҵײǴɱҶʿ˳ȥֲ˴Ҷʵ°ڣ졣
ɽְЩ˶Ҷûлͷǿϣٴεĳ֡
ãɽ͵һ̵ˣһ㶼ûԥֱǰýһ˵ֱϡǽűɿˣɽʰ˵ϵı
ҪҶʵһжû˿ķԵİѩʱǷԼ
ɽƬ̵ĳɡǺܿģеĳռϷ磬еı߸ߵľ𣬾ҪǵſŲܹʿȥ
ѩһ֣׵ĹâһƬƬ׵Ļ꣬㣬ɽ˹ȥ
ɽٴεĳٻһ£˫ۿʼֱָѪ죬˵ѭ˼ΣǲаѩеıҲ˵ϣ᲻һ˿ɱ
ҶʿаϲôѩǴˡϵǸˣǿɱǿġҪǱѩţûɱҶʵʤҲ˼֡
ǣڵܹҵġҶҪǲ֣Щ˲һǻֹĵҵġûа취飬ԷܹΪˣǱҪҶʵġ
ԣЩвòɡˣѩʱָţҶЩĵġ


960 ɱˣ
ɽѩֹˣҶҲνɽɱˣҪɽйһµġڣеɱⶼѩǿеĻˣɽ˵Ҳǲġ
ǣⲢ˵Щ˾ܹӹһٵˡЩţһֱһ鷳ġҶʵƣٴεѹ˼֣һȺ˿ٵıѪĿĺޱȵҫۡܿģֳѪζˡ
žһĶʱԵøҶѪҲ˲١
žһΣҶץס˰ѩ󷢳˵һ£Ҷûзʱ򱻴ġڶ£ҶѾ׼ˣȻûдš
ˣҶһĿŰѩ
ˣסôôҪ֡һֱֻץסˣǰѩһֲֻϵҶʵôšôô
סˣǾͻסֵôһҶ˵׵ӽޱȵͷۡ
㶼ˣôôܻѩţΪҶڽƱ硣
㲻ܹ͸˵ĵôڣ㿴㿴ҶҲ˻ĺţ״
ѩһ㶣Ҷʵı鲻ٵġŽɵȥҶʵ硣ҶİԼı¶ѩ˲÷ܹҵԼҪĴ𰸡
ѩԽԽףʧȥԭĹʡҶ˵ĿǽƱļٻĵüٵġ
ѩû뵽˵ôĸӣôѶ⹴Ķǵģޱȵ磬ѩǴûнӴġ
ѩͻȻãһûκε˼ֲǺõġܻʲôģܻزۡȴô磬Ҳðѩôʹ࣬ĵ綼Ǳ˵ġ
㶮ˣѩı飬ҶҲЩĲ̣Ǻܿľͺġ˦˰ѩֱۡ
ˡѩʧȥȫһȻûˣǸոһжĳʵ̫һˡ
ԭΪһ˵飬ֻԼ飬ûκεĹϵڣѩˣйصġǣ˵ģǰЩȥʿǡΪ˲ǣԼļˣֻܹѡ
һУΪǸǲֻҪˣȻʲô鶼ûˣѩĿʵϢһЩı仯ˡ
ǵģȫΪǸ˵ԭֻҪŪȻʲô鷳ûˡҶһ£ȻܿľͻˣһĿĵЦݡ
ѩǱ仯˵ġǾ֤˼ӣһЩ˵ˡܹ֤˵ģŭ
Ǻãȥɱˡѩ˵Ϣ֮ǰһУľ񶼲ˡû뵽ô飬һеĸԴϷǸˡ
ѩΪֻɱǸһоͻõһ淢չҶҲûаѻ˵ȫӵˣĪϵġֻҪˣ֪ôڸҶʿԼǿôҺгҲǸİ취ⲻǹ˰ѩİɡ
סǣϷȻûһĸ鲨һЩʿȫͲʲôġҶмǰľٶ´˹
ܹЩصʿ̽ҶʵһЩʵǷǳġǣȻЩʿʸҶһ㣬Ƿǳġ
дʿǰҶȫûֵġһһ˲Ϣͱˣɱ졣ǳģȫҶǸɱˡ
ǰѩѹɽˣɽ©Ҳɱ˲ٵġѩԼǶˣһδε趯ƮɵĻҲѪ
ҶʳһļֱӴֱЧģÿһεĳ֣ܹˣʮѪġ
ҶȻ˵е۸СɡЩˣϢȫŨѪ⣬ϢǴʬɽѪһЩ˲֪Ϊ˶õˣȻϧġ
ҲûпȺȥǼᶨǸȥĿĺȷҪǸҪȥŪ
ȻҶҲֵģЩǸոռģϵϢǸɾҶǵʱҲǶģûôĮЩҶֱӵĴζ˳ȥҲûɱ޹
ȻҶǵٶȲû˿ļģٵĽӽǸˡ


961 ټһ
ĵײҲ֪ûŵģҶһȦûпʲôطŵӡǷյ̫ˣҶǿֲϸûѰҵġ
ҲѲסҶʣûţûֱԼһŲͺ˵ô
ôģȻһĸôıҸƻˣЩĵİҶʶǰֹ˵ҶʵУⶫ綼ԼˡʲôŪԼͿסˡΪ˽ȥ鷳òֱӵƻˡ
ɰѩϺ赲ˣȻûʲôġҶʷŷĵǰ濪·
ҶһȭصĴǸĵײһľ죬綼ǾҵĻζһ¡
ǸĵײɫĹâľʵˮһһһĵˣҶʵľ޴ô𽥵Ļˡ
ҶʵȭͷҲŽ⣬ϸĻȻ΢ĲһûдһŻǷҶˡ
Ҷڨڨתǰѩķ򡣰ѩһ֣ȾѪĽ׵ĻٴεĸǰˡҶһͷĺߣŮһǼŭˣһ¾ˣֱ˸ӵĺݵİ
ѩҲʱתͷҶʣ޵һüͷ֪ǲҶĵȥûд򿪡ǲҶʱԼ
Ҷ΢΢һЦϵתһȫʼۼ·΢΢Ĺĵˣ޷ˡ
ȣҶٴһȭصĴǸϣһεĻζӵľҡǿϧǣͬûд򿪡ľʵıϣˮӵܼˡ
ҶҲ⣬⻯ԼһʱġҶʿԲϵĳȭϵʩԼȻӵһĳ̶ȵˣȻǻ俪ˡ
綼ڲϵĻζĶҶĺں硣
ɽǣ
ôҵĻζȻҲӡطˡȻֹⲨķһ㶼ġ
ɽǱҶʵ֮£µĹ滮ˣѾǻظյƽȻոӵƽ٣ڴǰȫģõ˹ġ
ԭĿɽǣͻȻһ˳ԼļţԭڴϵҲȫפ㡣˶һЩڴ
ҿɻսˣ֪˭һɤӣǰѴǲ²˳ˡ
ˣһˡôǿҵĲǴ򴫳ġӦɻȥ鷳ˣȻôԼôĶء
ǿʼһ϶ǷǳĸˡǣȻҶһߵˡȻ֧Ҷʵˡ
ǣҶʵĵһˡҶҪǳɹˣǾܹȡ֮ϾûֻɻˡǵĵλҲܹˮǴߵˡ
Ҷʻ᲻䣬ǲ֪ӦӮȽϵĴİɡ֮ǰڿɽǵʱҶʾѾԷӲˡҶʸȥԷĵϣǿ϶еġȻɵӲŻԼȥİ
ɻʵĳƺȻǸҶʸĵˡܹһսģôĶҪһ뵱֣Ҫܹ˶ԷԷҽҶܹԷһսǡһ֣Ϊβܹɻʡ
ǼǵãҶȥʱ򣬺Ǹ˵ҪɱȥġʱķôǿҵĶǿҶڸǷźţǿԸϹȥˡ
һʱİݵӣҶЩĲϰˡһȺǰڵѪӵġ⿿ɽУȻǼʱʱ̵̿ĶҪűˡĻǹϤ
ҶʵµһǵȻˣǽϰʲôģȫˡǣҶʵֲΥңӳԶĽǶҶôǷǳȷġ
ڣҶʵٻȥܹɻһսˣܹɱˣǶ˷ˡ
ĳ˵Щ˵սԶԶĳʿġ
ʿȺսġܹ˴˵ϣܹʤǿΪ˺սѱ˸ѹġ
ǿɽеЩ˲ͬɽ֮ǰʶ˴˵ġǰĵطĻ쵰ǷǳٵġңʵǿĻܹɱ˻ܹ׵ɽǣܹڿɽôȻܹİɡ
ɻҪˣҲټһȥʺϵĵطɻʴ򡣡˴һ㷢Լеļ顣


962 ֱӵǶ
Ҷʻûݾ֮ϣȻǲ֪ǿɽзˡ
ҪҶ֪˵Ļһһ䣬ʲôʱٻˡҶߵʱ˵ҪЩȥʲôĻȫǿЦġ
ЩˣҶֲ̫ϤȻǲЩȥġϤĶ鲻ôҪмٳʲô۶ӣַˮǾ͸ӵĺˡ
ЩܹԸĻҶʻǷǳĸ˵ġȻʱЩûʲôáеͨʿЩ˵þǷǳԵˡ
Ҷʲ֪ԼĶԷˡȻ֪ˣĿǰ˵ҲǲܹıʲôġЩ˸Ϲ֪ҪѶôʱ䡣
ҶʳȭԽԽ죬һȭһȭءǲƵҲԽܼǵ˳ܵٽˡ
䡱һ죬򣬶˲Ҫ˹ĸǾҵĻζ˼¡ǸǱҶʸһȱڵˡ
ǿֲһ˲ɢˣһȺ˶һƲһڿкҵķ衣ҪҶۼֿ죬һ˲ץסɽɽȶȻĻ֪Ҫȥɽġ
㻹ûɱѩûʲôҶʿڴߴһ£Ȼɽһ˽ȥˡ
ѩƽϢһԼϢȻҲǿٵĳһ򿪵ȱڡôƽʼеĸϢǻȥˡ
ҶɽаѩǽǸˡ֮ǰѩʿз裬ûǺ֧ԮĲѾȡЩˣվ֮ǰվλõˡ
һĿǸ񶼷ǳĸӣҪȥֲҽȥġ
ǵע£ǱҶʺ俪˵ĸƬ£ķ˻ȥģǸָԭˣҲҲһ˿ķ϶ˡ
Ҷǽ˸ڲûе磬ҲûôڡڱȻһӨӨĹâĲҫۣΪõĻǷǳĲġ
ڵĿռǳĴ󣬸оԳһռһһڱڵĽϡ߽ˣҶʲŷ֣ڱ϶˵̦޺һЩֲ
ѩطǳϲʺĵطûκεˣңϷһ⣬ʲô˴ŵġ
ѩԼûз֣֪ʲôʱʼѾǰҶɽԼͬˡûиոճʱôųˡ
Ҷǰ棬ŽʵǡڲĿռУԵõʱд׳ڲĿռУҪҶȥ
ڲҲ˵һЩֲûҶҲкڷ裬Ͽٵıܡ
˾òǡҶǽڵʱϷһЩԵˡɱⲻεģһһ·Ҷǿʲôģȫֲͣϣɪɪ
ҶÿǰһɱҪǿһֵġϷҲ˵ҪַҶǣǸˡ
ҶʵȻôߵģ˲ģҶʾƫƫҪôҶЩôĿĵĸڡ
ѩȻȻһ㵭ĹâģҶɽҲһĸСǳɱȻǱֵˡңΧֲɢϢ԰ѩв䡣
Ϸѣ㻹𣿡˲ԼҶƫƫҪȥԷȻûеõκεĻӦġɱǿʢ˼֡
ǳ̫أôġǶôԶܹˣȻԼ¥ˡôǼһءҶʼĿڣҲӦԷˣҶĲףôô̡
ȥ㻹˵룬һǳ̫ˣСүҳķ۵ģЩ˼ˡһһҪúõĹĦһ㵽׳ôġҶǱ˵ϣߵǷɿģܿģ͹һľˡ
Ϸܲˡһ׳Ľݻ˲ٺبڲռеġ
ҶҲ⣬ҪöԷġڣ̲סˡ
һ񽣳Сصնǽ֮ϣȻһһѹ˲ľͷ˳ȥ
ǽϢĴڱڣɳ⣬ʧҶʵ֮С
ɽһʱҶһѰɽƿˡһ貵Ľ˽ɽ֮ǰλá
ԼɣЩСֶΣǲҪ׳ˡҶʵ˵ͬʱٴβǰɱ


963 ҲӢ
㲻ҪңڣϷ˵̫󣬵ʱĴҶǵĶС
Ҷһ£ܾ̫ϤˣʲôطһǵʲôطǾȫ벻ˡ
ȻЩĽţںʲôһҶЩ벻ףȻˣӦóֺµİ
ôأܹôأ㻹Ǻ̵İҪҵݶԻһ£ֱӳͰŪˡҶһ㶼µġԷضûбʤİյģȻͳˡоǣԷ׼ʲôܹжϡҶʸӵгȥҵɵˡ
һ˵ţеĳϿ˹ȥһεĽ¶ϣһ޼᲻ݣ˺˲ٵĶѵ˵
ɱ·ûа취ֿϷǱҶʱȵĳˣһֱڵĿռ䣬·ѹ
ֱײǴ֮ϣ˲ˡǶԷͬˣ˴Ѫꡣ
ллһ̫ˡҶһ㶼ûпֱһѪҶʸ˹ˣԼϡ
һεȫһġѪҺմȾҶʵϵʱԼȼһƵľҶʵСܹҶʵ΢촫˳ļһһĴˡ
ǾѪܿľȼ˸ɾˣҶʵԪֻظһЩǺٵһ֡
Ȼˣһ㰡ˣô͵ģ̫ˡҶ촽к˷ܡָȫʵϣϷһܹˡֻҪȥȫľѪҶʾܹȫָˡ
ԷҶʲϲģɱôԼǶģɷҶʲκεĸġ
ɣҵҪ˭˭ǲҩܵ˴ˣԷûʲôģԭˣ֪˭ˡֲãôҪ㡣
Ҷһ£˲ľ;νˡҪȥˣ϶ܹ֪Է˭ˡԷľѪԼôãҶҲ֪ԷԼ˵һʲôڤڤеϵġȻĻԼҲήռˡ
ɱɻȥˣҶҲûԷҲûйΪҶǣɱȫ˻ȥˡ
ڵУָֻܿյƽɣԾ
û˶ԷҶߵķɿ죬ܿľ͵˶ˡ
һĿռ䶼ض˵ľڣֻнݴһܹȥԷ̫ˣҶʵڵϢʼԾȫģǲҶʿƵġ
ҲƾϢĸӦҶ֪˶ԷûˣʲôֶΣûڴǡ
Ҷʻǰ棬̧Ϸȥ˫ŲľʵĽϣ˵죬ҶʵһƵʲôȫһ
ҶʺȻķ֣ԼٶȾȻЩļӿ졣ҶʺǲЩĳԼԤϣָоҶʺǲˬһӾʧȥ˰ȫС
ݻоͷģҶǶѾǿҪǶˣһСεľ룬ߵҲҪ˶೤ʱġ
Ҷʣ߰㵲ǰʲôѾǵˣֻܹһ˿ʲôӵİɽҶʵģҶͻȻͣɽײҶʵȥ˵ġЩĲˣš
ҶʼǱɽ˶˵СռеġѩҲǸɽ󣬿ٵĸ
һĿտĿռ䡣Ȼľʵ棬˳˴̵˻䡣мȴܹǿռ䡣ѾƲ֮ˣӴпȥܹǺʵƲڴĵ£˶һ
Ȼ羰ȻҰǿڣȻõɫʡһУ˶ǸӰѹȥˡ
һˣʮֵӢ˵һɱϢһѳ˵һܹնһС
Ӱߴֻ˵ĺͨߡվоܹѹȵĸоͺԵĲһˣһƬһ硣
ӢСүҶЩļˡɽֹ˵ѧҶʵЩģŶԷȻҲǺܺõˡ
ɽĲƽѾǰѶԷôӢˣôöԷôǿҪǣ˾ȻԼĵˣⲻǴ˵ô
ιҶʣҲӢİôͲ˵ˣɽֹ˹նԷֱۣ̲˵š


964 ң
ɽĻûҶκεĻӦҶ˾Ǳʩ˶һĶһŵӰʲô˵ˡ
ǰѩǿʲôһһ߿ҶʣһֿŶԷг˾棬кɻ
Ҷʣ˵㲻ǰԱ˰ɣҶûԱԱʲôءʵɣҾ㻹ͦÿİģû˵ѣҪǳˣһҲǳӢġɽҶʵ״̬Щ֣ǲûз⵽ǳʲôطģԣǡǡǡ
ɽȰοҶʣҶʵϣصѲšȻɽɫҲǱˣǿһЩĶɵˡ
ҶΪСԭ򣬿Щ۵ġǾɽ˵ҶʲѿѾܹһЩ֮ˡ
ȣɽûע⣬Ҳûⷽȥ룬ȻûзʲôԾġصѲǷ˲Ծĵطˡ
Ҷʣǳ̫ˡɽһĴȣһۣ˵
ûҶԷ˵ǷǳƵġü۶ֶܹԷҪǸҶһЩʱ䣬Ҷʳˣȫһģһˡ
Ҷʵһ۾ͿˣǸˣȫԼҶǰݺôʱ䣬ûпȥͭʲôģǶԼòʲôģҲǷǳ˽ˡ
˭ҶİļʺǼƻϲϱ仯û뵽Էһ仰ôôˡ
ӦѾеµˣǲԸϵİɡԷûֱӵĻشҶʵĻǵһ䡣
ԷϢԼƣòͬһġһģ˫һи˵ơ
ҶʸһԷ˸˵ĸоһɱ֮
ûҾһ㣬Ҳ˵һҡһֱǱ㣬ȴܹһӵʵңڡʱʱ̵̿ĶҪŪ㡣죬ǸˡǷˣЦšҾ˵ΪʲôĽ٣ܹôĴոϵʱҾѾЩˡ⻨̫ʱ䣬ȻƲӦǸС
ʱҶʵԺеļֱһ֣Ȼ˲ľȫˡ
ԷԼһзֻġֻ˹ԼΪҪ־ġԷǴҪġ
ûʲô˻ģһǿܹǿһ־ĹеʶһΪһԵģ˹һħԵģееĸ
Եһת֮Ϊ˻壬Ĵгۡһת˼Σ˼ε˻塣
ħԵһǿ档ҲǴе˻ĳɳɳ˻˥϶˥ϣٴεת
ŴеʶĻۣӲϵĳɳȻڵĹģѾǿҪĻһˡ
ħԵһ֣ͳеڵɱ¾£ϵɱ¾ɱ¾ɱ¾
Ϊ˼ڤڤеϵǿڣûһ֮Сܿľˡ
̰ͲʹȻҪĽ磬նԵϵѳȥɵʶ
ڵӳ֡ѾǷǳĿԼˣסԼĻһеɱ¾ġΪľоʶߵĵ·Ȼ͸Լһ¯
һУҶʶԶԷĺⷴǵࡣеֻͬ顣
ͬʱҶЩĺ£ϵһжõġһûݻȫǲʵġҶϵһУһΣȵ˹֮󣬾ʲôûˡ
㻹ʱȥıĶηĵĵİɡĺˣϵһжʵĴڵġΪ磬ܿľҪݻˡʵģһʵġֻҪɱ㣬ȡĵҾܹΪҾͳΪΨһҾǸʵҶʾȻʱȥѩǣҶʾúˣ˵
ҶһǰһֱҪٵĻȥǵڣҶʾȻЩɽǷֱˡĶⳤģҶʷ֣ɽദʱ䣬ԼѾӦǵĴڵˡ˫Ѿˣô׸ġҲ˵˾Ͷ˵ġ
ҶԼ˼ڣʲôȥ룬ֻҪɷ˾ͿԵˡ


965 ֮ս
ԷϢʼ仯Ǿҡ
ҶҲǾԷôԵҪֵס
ȻһֱҪɱ㣬ֵ̫ʱˡôһֱôء˵Ҷʵвε
ŶԷϢȫҶ׶ԷΪʲôô˵ˡߵʥұߵɱ֮ŨȫϢȴͬһдڵġ
ԷȻֽȻͬϢ棬Ҳܵġ٣ԷϢǷǳĲȶġ
ߵУҶʸоһϤϢҶеİ˻ʽ΢΢
Ȼ˻ʽˣҶʺ𾪡˻ʽȻǶˣǶҶ˵ĸġңֻҪѰһ룬˵ûлµһġ
˻ʽǸôһ£֪Ҷ˵ʲôǿ˶Էеİسܿľ˹ɫЩĹģŵĳ
Ҷһ㶣ûԼһֱŵĳԼ֪ܡԷǲܸԼģһ㣬Ҷʷǳȷ
Ҷ΢΢ʱֱӵľͳ˹ˡнɫĹ⻪оͳһɱĳ
ϡɱصĿҶеİس֮ϣһĻǡԷͻȻı֮£ȻѹסҶʣóѹҶʿٵǰ塣
ˡһ죬Ҷʵĺ󱳽ʵʵײǽ֮ϣĿռ䶼ǾҵĲһ¡
ôʵôǸ߿İΪʲôѡΪƾʲô۽ӲӵģѪ죬ǳĹ졣Ҷ˻ţ״
ҶףҪǶԷΪ˰˻ʽԼУӦӳ֣Ϣ֡£Ͳʲôˡ϶ǻֱӵˡ
룬Ϊɱ̫ˡڴУ»綼סƻġҶʵ˵ȻѹˣǲûʲôΣա
ͻȻҶʸоľġڵһʱ䷢ǼԼĶϽϵɱһߣѸٵŷ˳ȥ
ۡһ죬ľʹ̴ǺĽ͵ǽڡг˰ؽ񽣣պǴ̴Ҷ֮ǰŵǽڡ
ɱ̫أЦҪһ¥ôҪķʲôãûʲôģûʲô̫ôܸǿЦЦһĴЦţ෴ģһԵģаһжڽµѡңõġɣҪˣɵ㣬ȻҴȥͳһС
ӡҶСֹһѾ֪˵ʲôˡѾǲ̬Ťˡ
ԭɱ¾ӰԷսǿԷս
Էս뵱ķḻģҪǿҶһġԷҶȫͬģǱҶʸǿһĸʺսս壬ԷԪΪоͬǲҶʵġ
ԭ˫Ǵͬһ̥ģôǿء
Էȫ״̬ҶһЩ⣬ԷһֱѹŴҶʾúǱȻ˵ÿζΪˡҶʳѵһս
ܶսսľ飬һֱܣǰûзѳʱѾӡ˵ġȻ˫ѾǷѿ˺ܾõˣսķ뾭ҲڳʱһЩĵˡ
ǣҶʻǾȫһԼܶʽȫͬģ𣬶ǳϸ΢
˶սϣԽǿԽãԽǿԼĥ¾Խսջľ͸ӵĶࡣԼԾϣԼԽСԽõˡһоͰѶԷŷˡ
ǿĵ˲ǱˣǿĵԼҶʱ׵ˡ
ΪҶʲôĹʽŸոֵӣǶԷѾǰıܿǻˡԷ֣ҶȻҲǿõġǶԷҶʵ⣬㡣ѹҶʹҶޱȵʹࡣ
ϡһ죬Ҷٴεļסһһ͸ĲնиΪ롣
䡱ľмƮɣһЩ֦ѾҶʵٴصײڱ֮ϡ
ѾҶʲ֪ٴαɵˡԷǶѪˣɫѪҺԣǴĿĵġ


966 
һʤȯյӣûгʤ׷ԶһļЦĶҶʡһܵı飬һս뵽սʤ֮飬˵һܡ
ԭһһЩļɵģϾΪ϶ǶƫһЩġڿֵĻҪ鷳һһܵĴ˵İɡôٴε֤ˣѡΪǷǳĴġһĳޱȵôҶôľò
ȫ״̬Ҷʣǳļɵġ˵ģҶΪʶģ϶ҶƫһЩҶʵĶҲһЩ֮ǰǳԲ׼ҶʵǸʲô״̬ټоѧԷĵҰģһֱŲҶʼ棬Ҫһһɱʱ
ǣڽôʱ䡣Էǿͳ̶ЩĳĹ֮⣬ΪʵҲЩĴֲΪҶ̫ˡȫǿһǿսġ
ģ㵱㰡һȻûʲôܹˣôôôģСүˣĽʺˣҪ֮ǰǲܵĶ԰ɡҶŭˣЩ˵ˡվ˵ۡ
ң˵ǱȦ㿴ǲġҪҶʵġû뵽ҶʸˣҶʵĻ̫ˣ˵һͷȦ̫һˡ
ٴεĳ˹ҶʾһЩˣƶһ˲䣬Ҳǵһʱһߡ
䡱һ죬ǽڱ䴩һȱڡĿ˽ҶʵľҲΪ֮һ
ҸѩΪġҶԷôʱˣûпѩ֡
׵ıҶʸŭˣҶҲòѰˡ
ѩûκεĶмֵıŭҪԼϡ
ɽҲǸϽҡҡͷѩһЩ
״̬Ҷһ£ȻԼĻЩ塣һŮȥһкӣô˵Щ˵ȥġҶͬѧһ֪ܸĵˣܿľͻһ˵ˡ
һΣѩûоܾһʼӦҶʸʱ򣬾ѾҶʵп뷨ˡңո׵ʱ򣬰ѩԼҲǶ˷ģɱġ
ѩȫɢʥĹâڰˡ˻ΧŰѩ衣ǸϵֲӿѰѩɽСɢ˲
һ̣ҶʵͻȻһ쵽˼µģǻƵ뷨ҪǰѩսˣһҲͦõģصصĹκ˶Ȳϵİ
ϸСŤһɣ˹ȥһߴڰѩֱϣеİ׹עУһЩĽĹˡ
ҶʸϽһߣպǴԼ˹Ҷʶ˹ȥ
ںƵҶʻͷһ£ǿɽƵҶڨڨһЦȻΨŮСҲԼĲһ£ͱԷץס˻ᱨˡ
ӦҲǷǳĿ٣Ҷĵһʱ䣬ǰһǡ
һѽɫɱʵʵŤһײһŤ˲ľͷɢˡ
Ӱŵİ׹ⱬɱŷǳǿƵáѩǿˣǳǿͣûбϡ
ϸĻԷְѩ嶼΢Ļζϲûʲôȡ֮ǰҶսôʱˣѩȻûвսǻǶʵһĹƵˡ
ʵǰѩ΢΢ĻζĿռֲڸŻζˣܹĸ΢΢Ļζ
ѩȻոսΪһؼܿľһȥ˵ͨˡͬԴϢ£ƿһ˸ľľʲô⡣
ɢ˵Ѹٵ˹ȥһΧ֮ơ֮ϻǧ˿ƵģҪʵʵĲ
üͷû뵽ԷȻһ֡ѩǰѾע⵽ˣΪһЩԭһֱûȥɽСͬģΪɱֲܹԼκεв
ǣҶʣȻγѹơ
ȫԸȻܹѹҶѹưѩġҶʾһ߻ģȻǲġ


967 Ѫϴ裡
Ӳ˸յİ취˵Щ鷳ġ
ڸոƶʱһ˲ٳס·
һݣϵٴα任λǽȫͬиոð뷨ʱ򣬶ԷѾǳַסԼ·ˡ
޿ɱܣΨӦˡеѳȼǿֲɱΣš
ԭڱɱ˵ʱ򣬱ЩĳٶҲûа취ģѩܹסһĳ̶һܹסѩġ
һһ̣һһѲȱ񽣷趯ı֮£ǱֳӦеĴˡһһصģеĶֱӻַۣⴵˡ
ڰѩʧȥϣͬǲСġ޾ģϵȥ
ҶҲǿٵ˹ȥˣһѩͬĲǶ֣ҪҶա
ͻȻתӲ˰ѩļιеɱĳĽ͸ˡ
ɱҶնûҶʣˣҶʸһΪˡ
ҶǿˣԷôŴûʲôʤ㣬ҪҶʻûмʱºָҶˡ
ҶҲ˻ԷİԼ۸˰ҶȻָԪΪǴǰˣûа취սǼεıܹܵסġ
Ҷеİ˻ʽҲǱҶǿеļˣϳ貵Ľ棬һĶѷɫԷġȫ෴ķ˹ȥ
䡱ֲĽײһ𣬱һȦŤŵĹâǱƻˡĵȥ
ŵܲסĳˡ
Ҷʱø߸ߵķ˳ȥؼʱһסҶʵ֫Ҷʸ˻
ҲǱˣеĳʹ˽µĵУǻ˸ıԵͣ
ڰѩİ£Ҷʽٵĵ˻˰ѩߣڵĴϢš
ŨϢעҶʵУҶʵϢǺ˲١Ҷʿ˰ѩѩȻɫӵĲ԰һЩǻû̫ܵĴˣҶʰһ
ѩķԼ׵ź޳ָĺ£
һ̣ȥ˺ܾõľǻһƽѸٵĴµ֦Ѿʱ򣬾ͰĲˡ
𶯣Ҫϵ𿪡ǰѩ׼ľ޴ľһ̱òԴ̣ŨϢˢ̶ȵѹơİ׹ƮɢѩϢҲǿٵļ˽ȥ
𶯣ܹľ΢΢Ļζġǣûа취ѿȥ
쵰ҳȥһ˫۾Ѫ죬ѪɱϵΧһС
ɵƣ˵ͷ㰡ҶҲޱȵĻӦһ䣬ͬʱ̧־ǸһƳϡ
žһ죬ޱȵƤȵ϶ףȻǲᱻҶûʲôһƸõġ
ǿԴһߣ˴ңһǽʵʵİһơ
һ֮𶯵øӵľˣľϵĹâӵıˣһˮһ㡣
ޱǿҵޱȵ͵̹䵽ϵÿһĵط˻࣬ʲôӪģȫķг˾̾
ˣ춯֣ѹƲ˶õġѩе˵ߴҶʿٵǰԷ
Ҷתͷһ۰ѩһʱİѩ嶼Ҫ͸ˣϢĲǳĲȶҪ˻һ
Ҷʲԥٵĳǰͷ˫ֶ¶棬εĶסˣܹеɱǰص˻ʽҲڶԷһ¶档
ռҵĶҶ̧־صĴ˶Էϣץ˻ʽһָֻùһߡҶֱӴӶԷаԼİ˻ʽ˻
سҶʵԶһȻһҶʵü
ҶְĿתһɫɱ֮ˡɱֱӵĹ⻯ֱʧˡ
ңȷѪúõϴһ˵ҶʲĶһĻЦ


968 ɽһս
Ҷ˵ģľҪǷѪϴĹ
ѾǱȫסˣһΪǷӲġ¶ⲿֻ֣ͬûʲô
ҶʵмһƽֱǸǽӲӵѪҺô˳ˣҶһġմȾҶʵϵѪҺԶȼˣҶʵڳȥȫ˴ҶڵĽȥˡ
Ҫɱ˵Ŀ⣬ҶʾôˡѪҺҶʵϣһζ˷ѡ
ѪҺ࣬ҶʵϵĽɫĻҲǿʢˣڲϵĴһ졣ǽҶʵļҲȫɢˣ󲿷ֱҶʸǿеĸڻԼʵһ֣ٲֵĴҶʵ˳
һ͸Ҷʵг˳ܲҶʵ壬˶סˡʱɽѩ֪ҶʵжôĿ¡˵Ǳһ룬ȻôµʵЩڴˣڴҶѪҺϴԼǦųʵʲôӵġ
ҶڵļնϣıԴӡҲʼҵĲʼҶʽнӴҪҶʽǡ
ģΪʲôôĺá磬ԭҲΪ׼ġİҵǶ¯ôĶҶʣڵҶڳļƬѾǿʼϡ˵ġҶʵΧһЩɫʣıԴԻ˳Ҷʽнڡ
䡱ľ鵽ҷɣϢͻȻǣһ˲
һ貵ĽǻȶҶʿҶʵȻһɫĻסһСָצȵĽסһ
ҶʲûˣǻǱĻȥԶľ룬һֱѩǵ߲ͣ
ѩɲĿʱϢҪǿ˲ٵģ֮ǰҲкܴĲ
ÿˣ֮һڤڤеϵҪǵùͬĲùǸ磬ҵ˴ùһΪɢֿÿһѪСȻûбҲͬǱһ֡ѪնϵĽϵ֮£һǻָʵҶʵ˵ҲΪѩˡ
ϾܵĴˣӰҲûôĿֲǣû뵽ҵһð֣ȻҵôĴ󡣡ϵ˿ԶˣʧѪɫЩĲ԰ףǻܹܵķΧ֮СһҲáҶ۷壬ֶܶҲܹóˡ֮ǰһܹģƫƫңһûܹ˰ɡ
֮ǰҪǿһЩڣҶ֮ͬǰðס㣬֮ն㡣ҶҲǳǿƣ˵
ΪԪΪָˣȻȻһƣԭӵĿ¡ҶʵɽʱҶһ˵ƣʮֵϡ
Ҷʵ忪ʼ˱仯ڻİθߣܿľͳɽͯӣһԾӣҲࡣʱҶʣòһģһˡΨһͬģ˵ơ
һͳǧɱĽһǶݵĵۻʡ
ܺãЩҶ̤ɽûȥǣˣǾȥɽһս˭ǿӮһӵһУһעΪ˶ԷĶ¯ҶʣƽһЩһ仰ȻͷҲصĳ˸ɽķΧ˳ȥ
ҶҶҶʣɽҶʣĺһ
Ǻǣɽǻѣôжôǿһһжʵġ㲻ˡҶʿɽľн˵һϵ΢Ц
Ҷʣû뵽ôǿ󡣻˵ʲô磬Ǹģĺǲһôɽ͵͵һҶʵǰӵĿˡȻĶɽһϵĵѹȸУʱҶʵĻɽ˷ˡ
ԭʵΪΪԭǽˣȻϡҺȫһģѪࡣ˻ʹ˻ЦĲ硣һ磬ǸҪһЩҪӵĺһЩҶҲûʲôˣֱȫ˵˳ɽĺġ
ǰѩҲЩҶĵܣܹ͸ģҲЩܡ


969 ҵԭˣ
Ҷ̫ǰһЩӡ˵ļ䣬ҲеҪȻһ
ûйĽ̸ҶʹŰѩɽܿľ䵽˵֮ϡ
ͲȥˡڶɣҪȥŻˡҶʶɽ˵
սɽȫ޷ֵġ˵ҶʿɽҪ˵ʿʵϾ˵ġ
һҶɽǹನֱܹӵİɽ˺ġ۷ĶĹսοǶ۷塣
ţɽЩʧ䡣ֲòӦոյսҪǰѩס綼ѾǱ˺˵ġ
ڵҶѾǻָʵҲǼӵĻָʵڹԼϢҶߣɽԼǳܲסˡ֪һҶʱˣǺεȵĿ¡
Уӳ֣ҶʵϢǱȽϵĽӽġҶʺܿľԼϢϿյһɫĻǼŵɱܿľͱż˳ȥ
ɱż˳ȥеľҪˡʱȥеϢһԵѭעǲôķˡ
ԶȥдȺʿٵҶʵķ˹ҶʶɽչмӵģǶЩȫľûκεĿơ
ϢǲεģƹɽڸʿϡǿϢѹ֮£ǹһƬġ
Ҷʲûʱ١Ϊһս֪Щʲô̫һˡ
ҪʤˣȻǺ˵ġҪʧˣɱˣʲôıȻǿЦˡ
ɻʣ쿴ɻǰʱԶһ˹Ƿǳ˷ܵġ
Ҷʵ֪ԶֵˣһȺĳ˽ˣûʲôܹ赲Ƭ̵ġ
ЩˣȻǿɽԮˡҶһսôĴģȻˡЩɽǵ׷ܹ֪ҸҲ֮еˡ
ʱǵĵҶ˵ǼõġԼûʱѹӣЩǷǳѡˡ
ɻʣˣ
ɻʣǵˣ

ҶһͷĺߣЩˣʲô˵ĳڵİ
ǹչ˺ɽҶʶԶվԮ˵ʲôɻʵĳƺҶʾͺƤˡ
˶ţǵһ֮ǰ׼һ£ҪҲ֡ҶʴһͬʱĶһΣǾҵĲһ¡
ҶôҲûа취ġȻ˵ĵģǾ뾵еԼսһ˫Ϊ뵱ʵ뵱սϰʲôҲͬ˭ܹĻ˵׼ġ
ҶԼȥ֮Լߵֵ̫һǻºֵġ
ڣҶȡһеİ취Ȱѳôȶôº˵ӮˣЩֻҪͶӦܹİɡ
ҶصɽļȻɽ˿ɽǵǱߡȻɽŰѩһʧˡ
ƬҷɣԶһ·ݶײһ󶴡һĺɫƮƮҶʣŰʤѩİѩ𣬿ٵʧ˴ҵС
ɽһ㶣Ȼ۵һЦˡ֮ǰҶʴСʱ·Ѿǲˡ·гɵӶ֪Ҷȥʲôȥˡһŵǳ嵭˲ٵġ
ɻ䣬ɻʱʤ
ɽߵţҶԶȥ
ʤɣ
Ȼ֮ǰҶʵ壬вȱԲзۡԷĺƵĻػš
˫ǸġǿƣҶʵ˼ѾǺĸ˴ˡ˫ûг׵ķҶעֻһܻģڽûг֮ǰ̫˲á
ҶѩȥԶܹľ޴ĺ˶࣬ȻǺʤ˶һЩҶҲ⣬ҪĺսʤԼˣҲ̫һ㡣
û뵽ȻⳡսСȻЩĽ飬ǻ˵һ䱧ǸҶʿѩЩĳĬ֪ʲô˵
ˣҪһ䱧ǸܹıһУⱧǸҲֵ̫ǮˡҲûй㡣㲻ҳ룬һɽȥʱһǻᾪҵġѩ˵飬Ҳû˵ôġ
ͺãҾ͵ԭˡҶʷǳƤ˳


970 ʯ֣
ʵָ֮ҶʣٶǷɿġҪǲȷǰ᲻ķҶֱ˺վͿȥˡǾҶҲûöãʹŰѩϵɽΧشˡ
ΪʲôѡȥԶһӰôվɽΪıҶʶŶԷûκεı仯
ȥ֪ˡԷҲûйĽ̸ֱɽķΧˡɽĽƾҵĲһ£Ȼʧˡ
طյĴӵַҶѭŶԷϢģԷѡһطڣȻǻЩĲˬġ
ҶʳһתͷѩһѩԼ˵ͷҶҲŰѩһ⣬ɽС
ϴνһΪԪĲɽѾǿʼһЩ˵ġʵԽǿҲԽ󡣸ոնѾѿˣҪҶǿеĸ͵ɽеĳһطȥҶʸˣȻ˳
ҶʸոȶȻ͸ӦһرϢɽޱȵľ޴һ𡣵ʵһĿռ䣬ֻһ·ܹĽɽڲ
һܹ˵ԷǹѡڣҪҶʵˡҶͬˣΪζԷѡɽĶԾ
һ̵ٵҶʳ˹ҶʱܵҪֹһ֮ջԼϢ
Ȼһ޴Ӱǰһֱɫ룬һûйҶЩĶЩη塣
ҶҲûΪֱӰеİѩ׷˳ȥȵĺ֮ϡ
ȥɣǧҪ̫򡣽Ҳﲻ̫æӴѧˣҲûáԹԵĻȥҪһСĵˣָܹºʬءҶʳŰѩЦЦں˵ǵİѩĵԼҶ¶һЦ
ѩûоܾҲͬûдӦҶ룬ҵĽҲʳ̻ӣӦòԼȥİɡҶǷ˲٣ĪЩʧ䡣
Ǿ仰㲻˵Ҿ͵ǴӦˡҶǰ˹ȥܿľֻһģıӰˣһԶʵʱ򣬿ͦɰġ
С࣬ˡѩĿתҲ֪Щʲôĸһµ룬Ŀ˵
СᣬٵŰѩı崦˳ȥ
һεɽرɽǻһһɶĺ
ҶʸܵĸӵԣһֺͶصϢָҶʣҪκ˴·Ҷʶ֪ҪʲôطȥңҶʸҿ϶ԷɽУһҲȥǸطġ
ɽвûǿޣвٵޣʵҶʶ𾪵ġɽеĶкǿҵĿƵãûнƻġ
ЩǿڴʱǳİΪҶܹӦϢҲܹӦġȫһſԼϳУעǵӰٵĳȥ
ԽϢĲԽҡҶ嶼ɢŲõĽ⣬׵ԪΪβסģһŽɫС̫һޱȵҫۡ
ڵԪٵıӿţ𶯣һĴܹ˵顣һ̣ҶʾҪǿеĺϵˣǴķеҶʽнڡ
Զһƽ̹ĲԭѾĿˡһĸߴĵΧƳһȦʯΧɵĴȦ룬һСȦһɫС
ʱһվһߴʯļͷϣҶʳķ򣬾ĵȴš
ԷϢͬڲزסģһɫԪһ׳ʯ̫СˡʱҶȫʯ񣬵һ۾Ϳ
ҶҲǿٵĳ˹ȥվһʯ档
ʵˣҪĶԾˡ
Ҷʲ룬˵˻һһ޵УҶʾã޵Ӧǰôտ϶һսġ
˶ǱģȻԼչԼɳ˭ɵ˭˭Ϊ˭Ķ¯˭Ϊ˭һ֣⻹ĺ˵̫ǰûзпʱľҪһĻʤô𰸵ʲôģ˭ܹ֪ء
ҪôԼܹӮǰѶԷŵԼڵĴȥɱԼȵԷɵʱȻԼԵǺܺõôɵ˶Է֮һеĶԼģôںˡ


971 ºư
Ҷҡҡͷ׿ԼԴе߰뷨ЩֻܹԼ˵̫ˡһУҪһս󣬻ŵȥ˼
֪Ϊʲô˰ɣԶҶʡ
ⲻǷϻôܹ֪ģܹ֪ͬҶʷ˷ۣش⡣
Ҷʸոսʱ͸ӦеȻ֪˵ġ
һǲ֪ġͻȥˣڸҲ޷ûҶʵİۣԹԵ˵
ֻ˫ƽ죬Ϸо١һ̣ƱãؾҵĲˡ
綼ڻζܹдʯӴĶԲɵֵ֮Ƴ˳
ǳͬǾʯһ𲻶࣬һ١֮ǰʯĿ뵱ġ
֮ǰʯм仹һĿ϶ġڳ˾𣬸պþ϶мֵģȱսͳ׵ıʮʯΧ£ˡ
һʮ˾ʯ񣬰ÿһΪ͵ĸһҲǾʮͬоڣ˭ӮˣܹõһС˵Ȼڵһʯȥˡ
ʮʯȫͬҶʣҲ˵ҲǾĵۻ
ȻʯȫһǻкܴĲġǾƣľɵʯÿһһαһɱ죬ܹ춼ͱһҶһľʯ񣬿ȫͬˣʴȵĻߣһĻʵ
ڣҪľǻжԷȻɶԷĵȻȻľܹͨʮʯ񣬰дĵû̶һ壬ħԾܹٴεĺһΪһ塣
ڣǾܹһս˰ɣϣײ
һȣһһ⡣ҶԵ
Ҷʣһ׹ʲôʿ˵Ҫ˷ҵʱ䡣޲˺Ҷʵģǻˡһȥ˺Ҷʵ졣
˻һľʯһֱôҶûԷƣѯš
ҪʵľַϻüͷͻͻͣûѹסԼĻҶĵͷſڣûµ硣Ҳֻȫģһеܡ
ҶͻȻԼˣһΣ̫󣬱ȵʯԼǸԻġʯߣ϶о˵ϢⲻͱӦ˵ôһֱ֪ԼĴڣһֱ׼Լ֪̫ãҶʾúóԿ
սһȻǲҶһЩûʲôĻʱˡǳԪУһֲɱ˳ݺʮޱȵİ財
ҶʵͷҲǳֲĽâ˴ɱɱ˹ȥ
˻ʽϾǱ۶ˣҲûиҶʱȥġڶѵֶҶûˣҶʵָ֮ԼϢ˳ԭĶѿڣ˳нһһЩֵϵ
Ȼ˵Էһ磬쳣ɱӲһ𣬲ûܵļ
ϻƣҶʿžһ⣬ֹһ
ĶԾϣǶԷȳˡĶԾУҶ˹ȥˡ
ϢѿҶʴԭʧ˲ǰնѹ˵ȭͷϢĺ˹ȥ
ҲǷӦ٣һԪ϶޾ɽһֲĽ䣬ֵҶʵĹ
ҶʱУƽȥһȭΪ˹ȥ
һת̽ץסҶһΣٵжȥȭͷϵȻİҶʸ˳ȥˡ
ºưҶڰУٴε˺ն㿪ǽĹڸԶĵطվһƵ˵
ҶʿˣԷʹõַʲôģԼޱϤġȫһӡеıܣڲǡʱó
Ҳ˵׿Ԫ׿˫յʲôġ˵սһġ
ֻҶпռʤܹ䲻ĳ֡һɱ̫ڵɵĻҶʵ͵ϮȻڽսУҶʳһСʱһεİ󣬰Ҷʸ˳ȥһ˲䣬˫ӿĶ㹻𾪵ˡ
Ҷϵĺɢ


972 ѹƣ
ݵ֮ͣҶٴεĳٶȷӵ˼£пٵĴΧͣĹ
ÿһζܹҶԻһ˲׼ȷĲ׽Ҷʵ壬ȻһδεĻҶʵĹ
ҶҲ֪ˣԷĹҪǿһЩģ˲ӲһմˣÿһζǶܹһ˲ʧˡ
Ҷʸˣתģʱȫ汬ܹѹסҶʵġҶ̫ˣû
ϡ쳣ľңϵԪֳһЩչ˺ԶķΧĽϵڷ裬Χա
䡱һ죬ͻȻһɺƴȭӲǰǳԪİ˽ȥǲûд򴩣ҶҲ˳ȥ
֮ǰҶʾ͵ϮûлˣͻȻֵġһûеֵģԷסˡ
׷Ҷʵܡȫ汬Ϣ̫ڵնɲġһֱһ֮ȫ顣
Ҷʧȥ͵ϮĻᣬǲġڶ׷ͬʱϵץӣºԷӲǶûȡʲô̫õЧҶʺȻķ֣ȫǴƶԷķġ
ҶԵЩĻ͵ľһѲһеģ׷ҶʣһһεĳֹȻ󲿷ֵĹҶĶ㿪ˡСֵ˶ԷϣҶʸһ˵ġ
ҶʺȻķ֣ΪûнռԭҶʶռȫԪ뵱ʱӳȫͲԷġ
ԷɱЩҲ֪ߵһʲôĸ߶ȵˡ
ҪԭǸУҶʻܹһߵͣУҶȻЩĳԿġ
ЦЦ绹Ϊ׼ģȫ͵ˡʲôޱȵĿģЦţһδε֣Ҷʸúɳȥ
ȻȫԼɱߵǲܿռҲܹȫıġΪһֱĶǼǣ˭˵ûа취㿹ġҶһĴ㵣Ȼ㵱˾ϲ
һõٵҶʵΣһΣĽӲӵġʵģɢ߲ʵĹâ̵ɫĻһЩŸɫëƤޡʵûʲôˡ
֮ǰѪҺϴˢ֮ԪǻָˣҶʻûа취չֳõ硣;øӦǰӵˣǾǸֲǾûһЩʲô
֮ǰϵı̼һδεıԷ͸壬ǰǰŵһնˡҶʾһսʱˡ
Լʵӣܴһĳ̶ȣǿһıԴ֧ŵġԭǸıԴòϵˡõ磬ȫܵҶʵƿصģҶʿסУеİ취ԵС
ӣҶʵ󣬺ǳԾ˾ҵĲܿľ侲˵ܹûʱ磬ֻܹһĸãһܹնɱġ
ȻôаգǾԿҶʿٵˣԼС
֪ǲҶʵĴһΣҶʾӵĻԾˣһЩֵϵ
Уļӳ֣ҶܹȫڶĹӭȥ
ҶʵÿһȭÿһŶ˸ӵĿֲӲˣϵĶûгһ浹¡
չֳ˵һĿֲʵʼһģ貣ܹնһС
ҶҲǰʱռӵ˼£ӲӲġץס˻ᣬԼнɱ
˽ǷȫԪǾҵȼղϵ顣һſŵľ޴ǳȻڹನлƬ
ҪսΧʮ˸ʯѹסˣ£ɽˡսеĵҲǱһһصҰʧˡһ̶ҲǲϵĲʼղһε̶ˮġ
䡱һ죬Ҷʵٴεı˺ˡһƵٵĳ˳ȥ飬˴ѪҺ
ҶУʼղ̤һ˺ܿĺһʲô˵ġȻûһʼܹõԴԴϵĲģˣʼֲܹ࣬綼


973 СүҲİ
ˣԼçײˡ֮ǰǾҶʵ״̬ģżеҪҶʸŪȻȡ
ڶԷˣҷųԼϴڵʱԽչֳԽĿˡ綼Ҫ˽ȥһȥľܹͳˡʱеֻ·һˡ
úΣڵҶǴ򲻹ˡҶϴڲ֮ˡҪҶʣҪȰǹѾ൱ڹˡ
һԵİ취ǾǳУֱӵҶ档һҶʿ϶ǻסʩѹġǸղ
ѵľˣִУܲԽԽΣȥҪҶʸɵġ
ƴˣ˲ľôĳȫҶʵˣȻαؿڵء
ͨ嶼ȼؿԶѿоŵɫѪҺ˳ֱע˾ʯС
ƴų׻ķգҪǿеİʯȡֵĵȻҶʽһս
Ҳǳ׵ʧǳ׵뿪ˡ˫ð˷׹⣬ǳ׵ķһ֮ķ
κһʯ񣬾ҶҲ޷ƿǾڣԼͷѪ࣬ѿ˼ӡвõɹ˳ע뵽С
ɹһѹȵһٻɱһ֮ϡ
ɹע룬岢ûκεĺת˸ӵˡ屬˴ŵѪ˶ΪѪˡ
ҶҲɵ飬ԷƴˣҶҲͬǲܵġ΢ĲԷ̫ǿߵһе·㹻ǿ֮£ȻǿԳѳȥġ
̧һУһֱ˻ʽɱͷ˻ץС
ҶҲֽ˵˻ʽɱͻȻõӴ֧֣˻ʽֿܹġԶѵɱôʱ䣬Ҳ˵˻ʽĿµˡ
̧־ҶһһֲĽ˺ɽĽƣɽʵһ
ƿɽĽƵû˿ֵģƲֱֺҶʡ
ҶһݣٵİθߣøߴҲǱҶʳŵһֱӲӵȭͷһǰɱ˹ȥ
䡱һ죬Ҷʵȭͷɱײһ𡣱ŵɹ̶˰еûκε飬ҶʱˡÿһţɽһΡֱҶʵĺײڵԼߵʯͣ
ͻȻһ𣬴ڵĿѪӵưˡ֮ǰҶʵһӣչ˵˶Էˡ
Ҷʵȭͷ֮ϳһѪۣɫѪҺ䣬͸ʯ°
ҶȥһȣǿеĽȡ˴ɹԼСеɱϣһܹľҶʳ˹ȥ
ҶʵЩԣҪܣǷƶԷĹ̫죬Ҷ׼ݵʱУҶҲǷˣֱ³һڵľѪȼŵľѪעУ˲ıԴںһ֣ͬʱʩѹ
̧Լ֣ʱʵԻһ͸Ҷʵ֮ϣǳץȥ
ۡɫѪҺ߸ߵĽޱȵ
ɱʯ񣬵ǲûд̴һ졣
ҶʵƱ̴ˣûеסɱ̴Ҷʵֱ֮󣬼ǰ̽ҶʵţȻձʯסˡ
Ҷʵͷ˿ؿһ󶴣ɫѪҺӿٲһܿľͽ͸ѡ
ȥģҶʴһõץסɱһ˳
һɱҲǹâˣҶʳ֮⣬Ԫǳ棬һŤɱ۶УҶֵĶˡ
ѵɱڿз˱仯ǱĲ˵Ҳе˳ɱһ׹䡣
ܴ͸ĿֲɱҶʵڱ׼ȷ˵ǴҶʵ࿪ʼͱ˵࣬һĽ£ǧٿס
ҶʲȻһЦȻûȥѾǱնˣֻܹˡ
Ǳ壬Ҳֲ֧סˣŻıСģˡ
ոڵģСүҲİҶֹš


974 ȥ
ҶԽԽȻǳŲסˣı۾
һͷǣֻӦǾôİ϶ʲôİ취İҶţҲûһ취ʶƽȥ
С࣬һ㣬ٿһ㡣һѩ׵Ӱվһֱɫľ޴뱳ϣһƽˣȡ֮ױȵĽ
µһԳѾȶĿӰˣѾǷɵ졣ǾǱϵӻǾٶ̫ˡ
뿪ҶʵʱСŰѩصԼϼҵġӦǺܸ˵İѩȴһĶ˲ˡΪǿԻصǰƽİѩȴҲƽˡ
ݵĽӴȰѩЩļʶĶҪࡣĺڰαթѩޱȵġв֪ΪΣʼһӰӵģôĶ֮ȥ
ĴսǿʼˣѩҲʼľʼģǾʲôҪһ
ѩԾķ֣ԼȻʼǸ˵İΣˣ֪ܹܲʤ᲻ʲôġ
ͻȻһ죬ضҪһѩҲǾҵһ£һ˲Ҫѿһʹ޷
ûݣǰѩȴԼһ֪ΪΣѩֻҪǸ˵ǰʲôֻҪƽ¾ͺá
һֱʳ˼̻ӣһ˷ˣ˷˵ĸˡٻС࣬ɽֱȥʹߴСԼĵķ˳ȥ
ѩܹǿ˺ǰеģҶĴս̫ڵľңһжȶղǳĹ죬ѩҲûа취ֻܹϴߴСһһٿһ㡣
Ҷʱ򲻶ϵ˺ǰǻһʱġѩϹʱ򣬻ѵʱӵĶˡ
ȵһ·ʱеĲʼϢͬҶʵϢҲʧˡѩĶҪˡ
ԶԶģʮʯѾܹˡѩٵȴôľ룬ǿ˺գֱӵĳʯм䡣
ȳǰѾŤĲεˡѩƾǲϢжϳˡ
Ĳ״ûðѩг˿ͬ飬΢ķһ㡣ĲܹˣҶӦûһЩİɡ
ƾϢĸӦѩɵһʯĽűϵҶʡҶޱȵİ˯һȻҪǱѪҺ͸·ؿϵĴ󶴵¡
ѩԴһѣΣһ˲ˣҵҡΣˤȥʧǵҶʣĴҶʵ
ҶʣڰѩǷǳ˵ġûŵʱЦݣҪĶˡǰѩϣҶͻȻ¶ı飬Ȼ˵һôˡ
һжǻ롣ҶʵϢѾǿҪûˡҲѾתˣʧȥ¶ȡ
᲻˰ѩ۾ѩ֪ΪʲôֻǾĿںʹҵĲ˲ᣬôĶɾһֱɽеİѩ֪ԼôˣֻǾܣûôܹ
ĶӣĸҶʵӡޱȵͷ¾Ҷһ
̫ѿˣҪѹһ۴иûû˵ˡѩ˵ţҲ࣬ý׵ɾҶǵѪҺǣѩһ󶴵ؿ˹ȥҪҶϣߵһ㡣
ŨϢӰѩڳ˳Ҷʵؿڴ
ˡһ죬ѩһ㶡ȻһľϲȻ΢ʵڵġڰѩԪҶʵؿϼġ
˳Ӧѩŷ֣ʯһƵĵɾ¶˳ʼǱҶʵһߵûҶʵ֮׵ʧ
ԥģһѪѩԼȻ͵ҶʵߡŨϢѪҺһһεҶʵСлȻ嵽еĸطȥˡ
Ƶ廹ǷĽͽ׵ĹâҶʵٵ޸ˡǣʼǲҶʶϵĲͺʶѾȥһ
ôͻءѩޱȵ˵ǲ֣һ΢Ц±ӣһҪ㡣һҵңոռ治þͳ׵ķֿˡ
ѩ˶ʼ⻯͸ķҶʵϡ岢ʵˣֱӵҶغһ
ѩǿϰ΢ҶʵһڣȻ󳹵׵Ҷʺһˡ


975 Ӵ͵Ϯң
֮ǰʯɢϢסС࣬ʱˣη廹¸ҵԾʯȦС
ҶʵϻŨϢвİѩϢС˲֪ʲôзһĹ˻˵Сޡ
ϿһӣСǳ𣬿ٵԶȥˡУȻһľӨ¡
Ҷʣѣᵽ˼µҶʵĶͬʱҶʾͿѩԼ˹յ˫۽ëԼӡ˹
ӴҪ͵ϮҡҶʺٺһЦҲǰʹȥ
žһ죬ΪҪռҶʯĽűϹˤ˵ϡ
ģԭΡҶʰҶʣⰡʱܹΣŷӡҵĺð˹Ҷһ㶼ûв˼ԼԼˡҶٴεֹһ䣺ʵء
һֹģҶģǱܵԼؿĽʵţҶһ
ԣһ󶴵ôҲôҶʲôɲϵԼҪؿڵ·һ󶴣ΧĲϻȾ˽ɫҶΪһжԼĴˡ
ڣҶˣǰǸޱȵһķˡǰѩھȻԼ֮󣬻͵͵ԼһµˡΪʲôûпѩҶʾ͵ǰѩ˻²˼Լˡ
˻Ҷ˹ȥʱѾǱһ߱ʬˣûһ˿ϢڵľѪѾˡ
ǱҪǶҿͿģһ²֣˵оʲôеİ취ƫƫҪŪңȻԼȥư硣㵹ùˡҶûһ˿ĺøеģֵ˵Ҷʻе£ûǱʬľٶ
ĸӦ֮£Ҷ֪һľѪ̶ˡ̷ˮһĨ죬ޱȵҫۡ
Ҷٴεһ£ȷûˣϽѹģͨһ̶С
ɫѪҺҶʵȥҶʵ̵ıͨдŽϼǿҪ͸һ
ѪҺҶʵͬԴģǶԷѪҺ̺ŶԷĴ־ǿֲɱǵһҶʵڲϵĳˢ
ûתһȦҶʵܹͬԷһֵϢҶǾúһЩʹԽԽСģҶʻס
̶еĽԽԽ٣ҶʵϢҲһЩı仯һЩɱ˱ǰࡣɱҶԭеͣԵҪԲࡣ֮ǰһζĸͣۡ
Ҳ˵ڵҶɱ¾֮ޣһζ׷ͣһζ׷Բ򵥵˵ǾҪйҪз
۾˫磬նǷƱáֵĴ·Ի˳һֱ˺ܳʱ䣬ɢ˿ȥ
Ҷʸոƽȥƣٴεʮ˵ɹҶʵмԭӲޱȵʯں֮£ֱӵǱ˲಻٣ʮ˸ӡ̵ĵɾ˳̶˹
̶ʼڣ˵ˮЩɾǿҵѹãʼǴԾ״̬ʼǲȻ˿ɢ
𡭡һһɾȱΣٵҶʵг˹
վ̶ϵҶʣڵϢһ˲ɾȼˡ
ɾҶڵԪʼںϣϵײҶʵûֹͣһֱһʱ䣬ҶʼմǱıԵǿںϣͷųҶһʹġҶҪôĻԹȥⶼΪһ
ǰ˵һɾҶʵ˫Ѫ죬˶ˮһǲҶκεĴϢʱ䣬ڶٴεĳҶʵ塣
һһ죬һʮ˵һʮ졣ʮʱУҶʼֱġҪÿͦȥһ죬ڵԪʵʵڵ˱仯ĺܿ£Ҷʶ붼˵ġ
ʮɽǣѹֵϢĴ½ҶĻ̵̻ģоҪһ
УܹоϢĵ˶Ҳǵı䵭
ֻҶʵϢڲϵıǿڣҶʽںϵĵʮ죬һһɺƴϢ


976 
ɽУҶǳŹȵҪʮ졣һҶʵڱͬ˵ʱҶǳŲסˣı˫ۣ˽µ̶С
̶ǡģںϵʱáܹѹܹȹס˿ɢҲΪ̶ҶһֱھʹıԵǾûа취˳ĻԹȥġ
ʮʯʧȥеԣپйǸߴʯ壬ҲǱðС࣬Ѹٵ̦޺ٵҡҷɢ㡣
࣡һ죬һݴ̶Ȼ˿
Ҷƽ̶ˮϣƣǻ㣬һ
Ҷֹһѵõ
һĥ֮󣬾һˬ˶оģҪԪһ׿˶ԶҶʲ֪Ҷ֪ǹɽеӦþȽ׵ġ
ҲǽһǿҶʺǻɣԼһȭȥܹܲٵɽĻһָҶʾӦкܴĿܵİɡ
ڻȥİ취ҶҲǴںϵļѰˡҶʲżѾǹôˣҲںһˡ
ǰʲôģޱȵ磬ǶڵԼ˵ֱЦܹƿһеӦеķɣͽ𾳰ɡҲҶʲôȻȻǴˮбȵվ̶ϡһմȾˮ־Ȼʧˡ
ϴ·ûеģ֮ǰҶʵ·Ĳ̫أҶʴӲݵʰ̶ˮϸϴɾֱԪɣؿһ֮⣬ûг²
Ҷʲûм뿪ȻѾȡһݴˡǻһݾôķţҶȥȡ
һԾҶֱӵĳһʯͷֱȻչԼ
ҶʵʵǿˣʱҲûţĲңıԴٵĹͨšԲʮֵıԴϵĺƵϵĹճֵ״һС
ҪһԵȡȻǲܵ顣ҶȻӣѾ뿪̫ˡѾǵݻ̫ʱ䣬εӶǲԶˡ
Ҫȡ磬һǳĸӵĹˣ̻ҪҶԼȥûܹæġ
ҶҲûҪһԵľȡģֻǴӣµ繴ҶܹȡҲܹӳóġ
ûöãҶʺܿľչˡԻıԴǱȥˡ
ҴһҪʮҶʴһ𡣱Ҫȥ˵ģͻȻʲô
һƣ̶һ߳һӣҶ˽ȥͬʱ˵ɱҶȡ˹
ɱѾ鰵ˣֻеε˻ʽҶٻ˳ɱҺ壬˻ʽϡ
˻ʽĶѿӺܿľˡɱϴŵһЩ·˻ʽֻͬϢͬҲһٴ˻ʽӡһΡ
лл˰ֵܣ׼ôһȥŲҶʻЦЦȻ
һҶʾͳһһֲԱߣҶ˰ѩǸɽǰ
ֻһһĸûмѩҶµһ£ǽС붼ûп
֪ѹ˻²˼˰ɡҶСֹҲû⡣
Ͼѩ˵֮ǰȫĸġͻȻϾԼ͵ϮԼһ£϶ǺߵĶˡСûһȥȥˡ
ҶҲû뵽ҵ˰ѩ֮˵ʲô˵Ĺϵ̫ڵĹŹˣ˶ҲΡҶʷȥǰѩҳĴˡ
룬ĸӡһ֣Ҷʾ뿪ˡ
зţҶȥԪصԪԶΧҶʷ裬ҶʲκεģܹƯڿС
Ҷʵ֮ˡҶҪ͵ûа취ġȻȻΧҶתҶʳеþҹеөһ
Ҳ̫װ˰ɣϲҶһļЦǳڵ״̬
֮ȫҶʵϢѹƵſ˵ϡ⻹ҶûתԼԪҪתˣЩ˻᲻ҸӰԼģҶʾͲ֪ˡ


977 Ҷ꣡
ҶʻԶϢѾǴеˡҶڵϢѾȫͬ˵ġȫǷֱ治ġԼϢҲϢ
е˶ǽˡеֲ⵽˭ˡ֮ǰϢڿٵʧҶʵϢѸٵǿ
ڣͽֿʼΪϢֳˣΪǰһļı
˵׼ϢĲϵĿǰһˣǽҵһ˵졣
Ҷ΢ʶһȻ֪гʲôˡһĶȤζЦݵҶʲû̵ĿڡٴεķŻԼٶȣԪҲ⣬˶Ӱӡ
ôҶǳɻϢϢģҲ⡣
ɻôӿɽȻϣʤҶˣȻǿ϶鷳ˡ
Ҷʼǲ˵ѹȵ˶ôķɵͨľ֮ǰ
һˡҶɢԼԪһĴ¡¡졣
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ͬһ仰ֲͬ顣ɽȻǿĵģе˾Ǿ
Ҷʣǻˡһ۵ɽܳ˿ɽǵӪٵҶ˹
ҶֹΪԼװƣѹֵ̫ˣ⿴Լһ㶼ġͻȻҶʸһΪڣ˶Ǿĵģû˸Ŀڡ
ҶʵϢ̫ڵǿƣûй˭ѹԶǿǿɽҶʻϤˣڶǴҴġǷԱܵĶǿߵľη
˵ľһزһҶԼϢɽܵԼǰ
ɽͷҶҪܶˡǰΪߵԭ򣬹ţˬˡһļЦɽһͷںڸѡ
أɽҶʣʵ
Ȼƨˣ㲻˭֣ı벻ҡҶʴԲѵ˵ţ͵º
ϧˡһҪͱġɽһźԵЩơ
ҶʻɽԴֽӲһ£ûбĿɽҶʶ֪˵ʲôˡ
İɽ࣬Ҷʴ˵Ѿˣ
ȻҶʵˣѾ˵ˡҶʿ֤ʵôҵ鸴ӡ
еģϵĵطġһֱͳģѾϰĴˡȻԶȱֳĲб
ͻȻֵҶʣͰˣôҶЩԽܣþһ
ʲôǲǰֻҪ㲻ǴˣҶʶϲǡģҲʲôġΪҲҶʼĿڣ˶ȶ
ǿԼѡҲȥĵطǵҲԤġǣȻʤˣҪһµˡͣƬ̣Ҷʼڣ
һɢصĶ飬ҲҪѪһеĶ齨һֻµĶ飬Щˡ
ڶվɡ
վɡ
Ҷһ˼µҲ˵ֻһ֮ǰѹԼҶʵĵȻǲ̫бġԲ򣬴ҶѾϰˡҲûʲô
ΨһҶʲϲľӡľӣһЩ˵ĹġҶȫҪΪϲȥ˵ġֻҪ㲻ǴˣдڵıҪ
ǣӴʲôС˶ˣʲôⶼڵġȻҪģȥһЩѹг˵ġ
ҶʵĻһ˶ȻΪҶʻһεĴϴġû뵽ôƵľ͹ȥˡһϲʲôı仯ġ
ɽǵѾڿɽǵľ֪Ҷʲôһˣ׼ܿľͻˡ
ԭסǱˣȻϺгǶڷԼģһɵĴġǶһͬ׼ˣҶȫûиıǵ
Ҷ꣬ɻ꣡
ɽǵ˻ʹһɫȻһ˳
ܿģ˶ԷĸߺҶ꣬һҶһоһֵĸоһִơ
ĶޱȵСܹ֮˵Ŀ¡


978 ã㣡
Ҷʼ򵥵һЩµƶ֮󣬾͹ɽ뿿ɽеַǸĶˡ
һȺ˲ٶǵһƿշеģҷɵôĸߣ÷ǳľ档Ҫǣǵɻʴڷеġ
ĶǱ˲õģȻû޸۽翪Ȼ󲿷ֵĵطǱǰƸڵס˵ġʱǸԶ˵һֺġ
˵ߵĵطˡǰסûκܹġ
Ҷûκεļɻ䣬ֱӵĴǳˡҲǸӵˣҶ֪һʼѡ֧ҶʵĹϵ
һЩ˵Ҫ˵ǱϾȸҵģܹܲǡҶֱӿżɽûʲôӡ
ǰҹ硣һʱͻᱻҸ֣ǽǲǡŶ˳˵һ£Ҳ̫ã뿪֮ǾͿ绽ˡҶĶЩˣǵʲô顣
Ҷ˵ĺɣ黹صĿǹġӦóΪҶʵԴĸˣҪڹؼʱˣṩ㡣ƽʱʲôҶֻҪͨͿˣҪڶԾʱͻȻ飬ľ鷳ˡ
һȺһ㶣Ȼ֮󣬾ͱƽˣʼ˼ʧҶôǿ󣬺Ҷǲʲôĺýġ
ҶʶԴҵıַǳ⣬ĬĬһ飬ӿӦǳˡ
ǴӦһȺ˼֮ȻһۣҶޱȳϿҵ˵
˼ȥûʲôֻҪ£ҶʾͲǵġ˵ǰ˵Ѿǹ˵ģôȥҲûʲôˡԶƽһЩĺá
ңҶʵĿǾͱϵİеִߡƽʱͨˣһֵ̫أͿ԰еԷҲܹǹ񫡣Ǵʲô˵ǷǳĲġ
ãǡҶʵһЦչһȺ˵ӡüܹӦıԴܹԺ
һȺ˶һϲĵĸӦıԴ
ǾȲɻˣȸˡһȺ˻ʶģҶʴһȽ飬һֱɽһߡɽҶʵĸӵȻǲΪҶʻɽġԾĸˡ
һȺ˵ԼƯǸ˳ȥ뻶ԶȥˣҶҲ¶һ˿΢Ц
ҶʣҪʲôҶˣɽſˣЩȲˡ
ʲôġøģһʼѾǽ̻ˡҶҡҡͷɽԴ
ǵĳɾޣҸЩȻǻǵʵġǵĳɾͣʵȡҵĳɾ͡ԽǾԽҵˣˣǾʲôˡҲϣҲҶƵĶɽޱȵ˵
ɽƶǶǻǾҶΪԼĺãĵ˵ͷ
ˣҪ㣬úõ㹻ǿ˵ʱ򣬾ͷȥһ硣ҶҲԼһ˵Ǹոտʼõĺ˵Щ̫ڵĳˣһ⡣
һ磬Ҷ㳣߶ŵǸʲôǵǸôɽ˺棬ǰҶںҶʽӴʱԽҶԽԽǿȻɽˡɽԴûа취ǸǸʲô硣
ǵģǸҪңҪϿĻȥˡǣһЩѿ¶ȵҲͷ˰ɡҶ̧ͷ죬ޱȵ䣬ǧһ
һкҪҪİɣɽҶʣҲŵ
ǰǺҪ顣ҲûȥˡҶʵ˵ͷջԼĿ⣬Ȼתͷɽ
ҶʣһٵģҪһǿȻȥһ¡ɽҶʣģһļᶨ
ҶЦЦû˵Ҫ飬϶ǵȲɽɳˡɽɳ֤ԼѳɹˣʱɽʲôҪ
ãҵɽһ֮ҶҲͻȻЦ綼Ҷɶ
һ̣Ҷһ̣ҶʾҪԼһˡ


979 ع飡
ɽ̸˰죬ҶʰһЩҲȫӡɽԺȻӡȵɽʵһľʱЩӡͿĿɽв
ɽ˵ǳĲˡҪǻһ˵õôôأǻЦġɽҶʵʱ䳤ˣܵĴ̼ˣҲЩϰˡ
ˣȥˡһ˺գܴҿɻסˡýĶѾǽˣҶһʱЩԣɴҪˡ
ԪɽŸ·ȥɽסĻͷҶʣһֹӡ
ʲô˵ʲôʱôŤŤˡҶЦţɽԴһ¡
ҶʣôаѩϢǲǰôˡҸ㣬һֱϲŰѩģҪ۸ˣҾͺɽǹ˵ԼĻһǵͨ졣
ңȻˡҪϲҲԣҪܹ׷֣ҾףǡҶҲûзϣһЦݵĿɽ
ѩҶ˵ϲȻеġҪ˵Ļ㲻ϡҪܹѩʲôϵҲǷǳĲģҶҲᷴԡѩôķֿˣҶҲȥǿһԵ
ҾֻܹġҿҸͺˡɽȴǹִҡҡͷĶҶ˵
ƨĺӣѧװΰȥɣûͨʵ֮ǰҡҶֱӵǰɽ˳ȥЦ˵
ɽһļУٵ·ȥҪʱҶʲָһգɽٶȣȫء
ɽԼ⣬ֱģںʲôҶҲȥˡҪĲ˹ĸ飬ҶԼͻزȥˡһתеҶʧֱӳǸĶȥˡ
ûм뿪İǿݰ˵ϡԪӿͬʱıԴ
ǵľٴεų˹ậͨϢʼӿľС
ľʼµĻ֦ʼ˳Ѹٵıô׳ҶƬҲ˳ܿľͲ֦
ľ˱̵סˣһǵ˶ûġ
ҶסĵطҶֹ˵վϣԼĽޱȵ⡣
ңңһɽҶʺܿľͻ˹
Ҷһ硣
ǶҶʵĻӦҶʵͷϷԶѿһĿӡռ˽ҵĴҶʵ塣
ҶûתԪ紵죬һ
Ȼ˸Ź󣬱Ĳࡣ
һ߲ʵĹâҶ˳߲ʵɹ⻺Ÿ߿ȥ
¡һ죬߲ʵĹâ˻ȥѿҲǿٵˡ
ɻԪ꣬ɻʻ磬ıƶȡ߲ͬ꣬ʵĹâ䣬ɻʵȥ

ոճ磬Ҷʾ˲ʧˣʱռĲޱȵĻҵġȫûκε·ûκεĹɡ
ҶѾ֪˻鷢Բûһ˿ĻҵġҶǰӡڵģֻҪȥͲʧĬĬĸӦţָķŹ·ȥ
Ǹûй̶λãʱռ沨ˣ˵̫ʱйʱڵġ
ҲΪǸоʱǲܹʱȶԵġǵָһ˲䣬ҲǾ˺ܳʱ䡣
ҶʱĺгܹٵĸӦԼ硣ȻǸӦǳһЩƫƣⶼΪʱռ䲻ɵġҶʼƽûżСĵıȶǲǿȻȷԼȥʱǷȷġ
䡱һֱ۾צʱĳУٵҶ˹
ߣô͸ӦһôҶһȻԷķӦ̫ڵĿ٣ҶҲ̫Ծ
͵ɱ죬˫˲ĺһǾצ˹ȥ
顱һ죬ǾצҶʸ˳ȥ˴ɫѪҺͬƬ
ҶҲǱ˳ȥ˸ӻҵʱС
иӦǵϵøӵ΢ˣôжˡҶǿеĳ˻ȥһ㣬űһ΢ϵ
ӶԷϢӦûӡšҶд󶨣ӡ϶Щ˼ϵġ˵Щ˻ڣǹﻹûг
Ҳ˵ԭ磬ûʲô̫⡣


980 Ҷܹ۵ģ
½ϣֻһս֮Ѿƽ˺ܾõˡһֱû̫鷢
ʱȥˣû˰׹ĴţҺֻصǰ
ȻֻǺǰû˵ģǰʽ϶һЩı仯ˡ
ʱѾôҶֱ˴˵ˡǡսǻɽѾǳ׵ںϵһˡȻϻһЩϸ΢ĲͬǴѾûʲôӵˡ
ʱѾǣ˫ͨ飬ѾһˡһУһƬٵľ󣬵ǴôĶһƬʼѹͷϣûɢ
صԨУҲôĻˡһЩӦЩģǿֲɢǵĹâصԨôĺڰ
ʿ벻ʵսġϷĿռ̫Сˣ˵ÿһضƻõıˣЩصԨУͳʿʵսĵطˡ
Ҷˣº֣ǵ㵽ΪֹѾǷǳˣްɡ
ҶߣһҪϵͻƣҪǸ˻ʱøӵǿ
䡱˺ƴϢо˵Ƴ
໺𡭡ûãִһ޺
Ķ̫ˣԨһȺȻǸӦ˵ġ˶ͣϵĶ̧ͷңң
һεĲӵľˡҲ֪ǸǷʲô񡣲˵ǷӡѾҪŲסˡ
Ҷʲôʱܹ
ŰɣӦÿˡɽе𣬻ǾȵĹǶ˵Ǻú׼ȴҶʹյľսʱô
˵Ҷʻ˾ܹսʤǹôҪ֪ô֣ûκεİһҶʣҲôµİ
һȺ˿һֹ˵šÿһ϶̫ÿǹﻹûѾô˵ľٶˡҪ˳˭ܹء
ͬѳ˴룬ѾһȺûκεİ취ˡǴεսУҶʱɱˡ
ҪǼǿ߷ų˵õҶʻĶԾ˶ΪҶѾǳ׵ƨˡ
ҶЩһֱûгֹûиӦκεϢҲûκεϢô
ƨҶΪ˶٣֪֪㻹˵һֱ˹ͬʱһȭһ˵˻ҶʵĻˡ
㡭˵˰ٵָһ绨˵
ˣʱ˵ҶʵĻȷʵЩҵʿġͬȰ⣬ͬʱ˱һȭͬ顣
ޣʲôʱ֪ˡôûпǳһݵġ绨Ȼ˱һȭǻЩûš
ˣ˵䡣ǷǳʱڣҶһӪġҲ˵˵ˣĵ˹ؼʱһӲһҪġһ׿Ӱ˹绨ĽСꡣ
û¶ҾҪ˵˵ÿ˵ҶôôģǾܲζ绨ȻˣһߵĴͷսǺһЩսأô첻ˡ
һԷһͷǿĵ٣˵ЩԭڵصļһﻹҪһγ飬ĵص׶¶˳ǻ֪İɡսָһط̫ԶֻĸоһЩԪڲ
һֵصͳƣȫǿޱȣһΪܹ켶ǿߡǳϡ٣Է֣Իɱٶֿ졣ǲУһעͶݵˡ
ЩǳһܹôҶˮʳЩҲǳԹٴεˣһеܹԣ˼һ¿ˮ
ǻʲôȥȻˣԴûа취ǱȵģҪǷˣǾͿϧˡߴţٵǲķ˳ȥһʱܹ̤׵ΪΡ
ԲסˣһμӹǴսʼǾûаҶ̫æЩһ˵ҶʲԾͻᷢ񡣡ˣսתڲԶϢļǸ˵
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981 Լ
ҶҪ֪ô˵һǳԸѵġȥˣһǳԵ⡣սЦЦȻҲǸų𣬿ٵԶȥˡ
ܸӦԪĵطȻǲ̫Զġսܹѹ֮⣬ǿʵһǲСġ͵սıԵˣߡ
ǰһǳľګĸߴ꣬һͷСɽһĻغʡصİ£ɳķɿ죬Ѿǵ˳ˣܹѹս
ǵĶһͨڵĹڵۼףͷ֫צεĿ˵ϡ͵壬ܹСţĴС
ʱĵڳһһ˻ʳĶ֣Ҳǵùˡ϶һЩ˿ڣѪҺ䣬̫⣬û˺
ʴǵ˹ȥӴſֲֻ֫ץס˵Ҫ˺顣ͬʱ˳ȵĻ棬һ粻ϵŵ
С˵ԶԶǲǾġǱץסһ㶼ԿҪʿ»磬˵ᱻ˵ġ
Ҳһƽ֡ӳڵۼϣֻۼ׸ӵĸй󣬲ûʵԵ˺
һʵͷǵĺ֮ϡΧȻһУ涼ˣûصϡ
䡱һȭҳΧն΢΢ˣصĴǵĺ֮ϡ
໺𡭡ܿסĵȴסصȭϵ˻׷˱ϵأʣȻ˵Ҫܡ
϶ǵһγˣطӳܿ죬ڿоһתֱۣӳ˵֮ϡһ棬ըûж밲ȫȵĵٴαըȻǰһĻݡ
ιأŵôȭġⶼˣһҵû𿾹һζͲˡһԿˣ˵ŷ
ߣصһûйĴĸԼ顣
սԼļҴĹѧֻм˥˵ûСΪҶʹϵǰҶʵĶѧ˺ܶࡣУֻҶʵսʽǳǡ򵥣ֱӴֱ
򲻹ӲѾǱȻˡȻûйãƿ󱳵ۼףõȥˡ
ջȽϵķ˶Ǽ˳ԲꡣϹصȺȥ
ȺԶ˿ˡȻм˿ٵ˹صнӹ˵
磬εջİôģСİɡ˿ĴСҲ档ڼܹɱûκεĳԾǿҪ׵һˣɱڿЦˡ
û˵ʲˡȻǾЩСԼ˵ļ˴һʾ
Ҳ⣬ҶˣȻ֪˴˵Ƣŵʬ뿪ˣȥȻһڿտĵطտȻһʳ
ոǱֳ˲ˣλ˵ľҡҲ֪ʲôʱͻģҶȴûлǼһһЩԶλ£Щǵ˵ͬʱʻ˻֣Լȥʳſˮ鲻Ը뿪ˡ
İɣŵҶʻ⡣ոǼǳˣȥӹǷӡôս̧ͷ죬ܹǿ˼µӰٵ˹ȥ
˵ЩҲãֳôĶ˶ٵˣųңЩֻ֪ӹ̼ӹټӹ̣ǹﻹһһ𶯵ľңܹŵʲôʱҶȻʱ̫ˣѵܹ𾳡ǶһˣܹжáЩֹţԶȥӰҲûк
ɱô˵̫ˣӿ֪ԹҲԹЩһҲ鷳ģĳ˵ˣҪǣм˭ܹӳءһսȫˡսǳţԹ
ι㵽ǰ˭㵹˵һ仰˵սǡǿһֱԵģЩõһš
ˣԶԶ翿ԼֻҪǿͲϣϡر˰죬ǿĿˣһ߶


982 ڹ
еĲܿľͱ׵һˣشԷ
Ѿ򵥵˳ˣ˴Ŀݰ֦ܵһտĵطȼˡһȺΧŻѣһ̸һߵǵ͸
ʵĸͷ̫ԣԲǰҲģһʼʱ֧ʡ
ǳǱ͸˲óԡѪҺǵһľ֮Էô࣬ҪѪҺȵǵÿһ磬ӵĶء
ܿ͸ˣǾӨ͸ĵⱻĽƣɢ˵ζһ㶼ûпֱȡֻֻצӡһ˱һֻͷ

ģĻ국ͰСүҸŪʧʱĳˡҶʱǹһצĽʱ䳤УòײŴµĸӦԼӡڵ硣ֵ˵
Ҫʱ䳡ʧˣ鷳ʹˡһֱ沨ԶҲ·Ҳôıķȥ
Ҫٴ΢ĸӦҶʶҪˡΪҶҲֹ֪˶õˡ
ҶһԪϵת˿ٵӡķ˹ȥԽҶʵĲøӵ뿪˶ˣǻˡһ̣ҶʶͻȻһЩĵӵˡ
˵Ϣһ콣һͷϡ
һĴ磬ǿռϴⲿƿҶȫ˺һϸСĿӣѾпֲܹĽ׳˳ˡֻһ£ͰҶʸĽڡ
Ҷܵõôֱ࣬ǿռ˽ȥ˫Ȳϵҵţʼûа취һ粻ϵҶʵ̼Ҷʵ˸һĽ⡣Ҷʱߵķ֣ԼǱסˣ
ڲϢɢǱĽ׸˺ģʲôʲôӦ
Ҷʲϵˡѷ컺ϣ׵Ҳǻɢȥˡ
۸Ӧһ£Ҷһʧԭء

ģôĶЩȥ˵ôѵûѹסǹܳˣôûǹأеĴûץסһ˵ϡ
žһ죬嶼һ
үСүһˣһӵǺúõĿһΣһΡСȥġҶһԴϣָգںڵָӡ
ҶʾԼˣոջûзԼǷԼ
˶ûиӦκεĲڹͳǰңֹ
ʲôţĹǻɱĻٵôսҪһЩȻʲôֶġ
սôһ˵Ҷ֮ǰ֮ԱסˣǲΪڹֵ̫ͻȻˣǵ֪Χ
ڡڹҶһͷĺߣҲˣǲϵĳ鴤ţһڵĴҲǺֵġ
Ǳ׸ôôĽôô˿εôСүҺǣ
ǺڹǴʲôطġ֪Сү˭֪ҶʵŲ㣬СүǸҶʻġԣҶǸСүһġСүңҸ˵öһµľͷһָͷҶʵǰȥģ߶߶ûû˵ġ
λѣ֪ģоİӡɺڹŻǡս˵
һߵҲǻվսվĳΪһǡ
ԶҲǷߵ״ˣȻǵסˣͻȻһڵӰúܶ˷˵ġһȺ˻˹ƽǶôĿ۵ģؼʱһǻվһġ
ڹҺڹһˣСүҾҶʡУСүʲôʱˡҲӣܻҵҵƨɺ棬ƨƨߵʱô˵Ǹء
㣬սоİģ˵ĳѵһ㶼Ϥô
أСˣ˵ôģֱжңҪվͬһϵĶ԰ɡ
Сүôĵ˵ôһԼԼױӳŻǵô
Ҷʵʱͱˣֱȡʣµĵ⣬һ߳һżѡ


983 ˣ
˶ҶʵĻ˵һһ㶵ģһʱԭأڷڹĻʵԡ
棬Ҷʡ
ֹһȻҶȫֻǰɫˣò˵̫ˣң˵ֻм֪顣ԲһɾܹɶԵġ
ҶʣСӿǻˡս侲סˣһҶʵĺϡ
ҶһһζĿôַ˳ȥˣڵϹ˺üȦͣ
ҪҶһŭתͰսͷ˵ϡ
ȻûжԪս˼ΣȻûаҶʸƿʵһ¡
һͣҶƽڵϣȻԶԶıȲԼǸռ䡣ҶʾǸо̤ʵԼӦôĵطҶʳɳĵططҶ˵ûа취ġ
ҶʻˣϢѸٵĴ˳ȥ
ǼУϵʿԨԾЩ˲ٶҶʵ¼ģҲһ֮ϼҴڵ޵ıԵϣϣҶʱܹһʱ
ӿϵʱҶڽԼεʹȡġҶʵ͵֪ˣܹ˵ġԼ飬Ȼǰ鶼ķǳ侳Ҷǻ߻͵Ҳǵ
ΣҶûпֻǰԼһж˳ΪѾǹˣҪҶַһ£Ǵҷ᲻ŵˡ
ӳҶѾϵһ㽹ڣȻ·飬Ǹ޵еʡȺԶÿһ·Ҷʿ첽ߵӿǰĹ
ӿ죬ҶǷǳ𾴵ġһսУӿΪһ踺صĸףҶ뵽ԼĸסͬģԷҶҪռһֵεġҶ˽İӿôԭԼˡ
ʲôӳֻһϵӿ졣㣬ǻˡãããӿҶʵļ򣬷Цš
塭ҶֹҶڵΪҪӿȻǷǳɵġ
ԷϵԼһĶûп󡣶ԷưܵĲӣȻϿһսĺ֢ɡʵҲ͵ˣֻײӣܹжǷǳǿˡ
ӿĲûΪʵͿⲻΪսǡΪӳһսΪδƴһˣҲǸʱġ
㿴Ѿûа취ˡκˣҲѾǷˡͦõģûʲôһжѹǵˡӿ쳣ˬʣû˿ǷϣֱԼĸѾնˡ
ҶʳĬˣԷ˵ĶġһսӿĸնˣָˣʵҲҲû˻ָĿܵˡ
ûǿʵȻͲ̫ĸеһжҶЩ󱲿ʵҲͦõġ
İɣһܹʤģôĶҪǶȹһꡣҶûмľ⣬ȺңûпԵӰſʵ֪һս󣬻жٵսѻš
һǿߣ󶼲ˡΪ󱲳̫࣬ЩǵˡЩǹûã̵ˡӿ쵭˵ЩĵͳЩѹ㹻Ҳ㹻Ķһˣǳɳˡ
ǣǶΪƴȡʱ䣬ҪǴڲҾһһǡҶ˵һ㶼ڿЦ
ҶҲΪʲôӿܹôĻˡϤһһĶ뿪ˡȻ˵ǰˣǱϾӲдţڼţȴҶǳɹһ졣˵Ƿǳ˵ˡ
ˣǲ˵ˡȻԵĵû׼һЩļݻеġԼǿᡣӿһӣȻʿʹ̧˳
һܿľͿʼˡҶʸɴڴҵǰ¶һ֣һɫĽ𣬽ӵµıԵЩɽϷҪһֵķ
Ϊʳʱ޿̵ĶгģȻ˶ࡣʣľƣˣⳡᲢȱپˮҳԵķǳľԣȵͬǾԡ
֮󣬴Ҷɵһ𣬷ֱ̫ãΪкܶĻҪ˵Ǵʱֻһ𾲾Ĵһ𣬷·ܹ֪˴˵һеˡ


984 Ψһս
ҶϢƬֱ̣Ӹ˴ҡֻܹʵķɣкܶҪġ
ҶֱһͳǾȵ档
Գ֣ôҵġҶԶԶľͿһСɽһİԳǾȵڴھĵȴš
Ҷ˵ЦˣܹҵҡѣѾǵ˺ܾõˡԳȻҪһǿסˣûйĻͬʱ΢΢Ĳõһߡ
ԳֲˣһңǰǸҶʡҶʵЦЦǲûж˵ŰԳ˵ͷֱǳ˽ȥ
ΧȻһǰܹ赲Ҷʵʱû̫ˡҶҲƵģ֮󣬹ϵתʱͬԴ£Ҷˮģٵĳڡ
ǰǰԳҶʽȥģҶʹŰԳٵĽ˾С
ҾԼȥˣԳԼȥæԼİɡҶʰѰԳǰֹĵطȻ±Ϸȥ

ˣԨ֮£һŮ
ǰǵ̫ˡǻˣҲˣҶʡҶ±ߡ
ǰһֱҪǹǳʲôӵġҶ˿һеʵȴûôˡ
ԨƬ̵ĳĬ֪ǰ飬ڷ
Լ֪ͨǰɣʱˡǺٴεĴ
Ҷ΢΢һЦִ̧˼⣬һķӡٵƿնȥˡ
ʵҶλŪĶôĴôܻ᲻֪ء
ǷӡǸոƿնȥľмֱӵͨ˾е±ϡ
ɫһӨ׵ĺȷ˹״εҶʵǰһΣҲģһߡеϢԼղС
ǰ׹ǿ߳Ҷʵ˵ͷûйĻ
ڹŤһһ¶¶߳ˣǵųʱɽԻһεħ
ħǷӡԼģŷųȫʵϢһ𾳵ǿߡ
죬һʯٵƿշתʱԻһߡ
ֻغӦģôֻбˡأҶЩãɨԼӡ
ҶϢŭ˳ʱȥյսˡ鷳ûлʯľ΢΢Ĳ
ԭҶʳƬ̣ԺеļҵôһӦļ䣬Żжòܹ
֪ѾǶϵǶ˸ոȥʱŹһİ˳ɹˣѾǶϵҪ΢ӡܹϵҶΪˡǾӵĵֱӿڵһ·ϵ˶֪ܡ
ҸоǶѾǷӡסˡ϶ڽվƿӡġ֪ܹܲϵǰ׹𴫳˵ԵЩꡣ
û취Ǹϵϲһսûа취ˡֻϣǾĳ֣Ȼǵѹܴ󡣡ҶҲüͷЩ鷳ˡ
㻹ûг׵Ļع飿ǳ˺ܾõĹʱͻȻˡ
㿴ˣ׵ں̸סǾţǶߵһؼһΪ˱ⱻǸĶָƻԼԼˡǲ֪ʲôʱܹе޵ӡ׼ľһӦÿˡҶֱԣ˵ԼǸˡ
ҶȻΪţֻһܹԲǶ˵һؼġںһҶʲһģܹԲ
ǲһʱ䡣һս̫ðˣʤ̫͡תӵ˵ȫļ䣬ʱ򿪿ڽ顣
ŵļƻУҶһؼҪԲһҶʲСһʱ䳤еսѣͬǹؼһҪǹͬṩ㹻
ҶȻû׼õġǿеĿսЩ³çˡ
ˣǶû˷סˡôķӡǹ˾ʱ϶ġķѴȥûõķӡһֵǹһսҶȻոջáǾٵģȻǸӦǷӡ״̬ˡˣǽ飬Ҷʷǳϵľܾˡ
˶ĬˣȴţȻ©ӡǣѾˣòսˡ
ãǾսɡ˾ǳ׵Ϊ˰ڣ˲˹ģⶼˡ׹𱬷˳ս⣬Ե÷ǳı


985 ɲ
д⣬ϵתԼԼҪʧˡܹٵȥˡҶҲ˵ͬǰ׹Ļ
һǴƶϳʵһֵһ졣ȫʩչֶΣǿеĻһҶʣȻһδεתϵĻۣתҶʲ֪ܹܲѹˡ
ǰ׹һΪΣڲϵԼľ񲡣½ܹĸӦǿ˼µھ𣬾סˡ
ǰ׹ĹϿʼѪ⣬Ѹٵıñ屻Ƥ⸲ˣôˡ
ݲŭһϣһͷڵĳɢԺҡڡ
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ѹֵ̫ˣһųԼĹâ
ħүһͨ巢⣬ѹסħԣ˹ƽĴ󺣣һضʯ쾪
ҲҲˣħԵҪƽࡣ˭֪Ŀ϶ľˡ
죬ͬǻĹǰΪ˽ܡµ޵УһҲһĶ֡д˵ħôǿҲħˡ£ǻʱʱѹȻΪ˼䡣
̫ǿˣûа취Լʱ䳤ˣµ϶նȥ۷ΪΪ˲ȻԼľ䣬ħħ̥µնħ̥棬ųŵڡ
µĹǳأҶǶ˵塣˵Ӧ˶ģϲղҲ˵ΪһˣͬǱһ˿ʶߣĸתǾʲôģͲö֪ˡ
һӰٵķҶǵǰʱɢȥ¶һӡ
㡪ˮ񣡡Ҷһ㶣ѿڶ
ûĹˮģʣʵЩĲ⣬û˿Ĳͬġ
Ҷʻ֣λôûпˮ񡣹ǶǴ˳Ҷʻһεġ
ˮ񶼵ˣѾںһȥˣȻǿˡˮǹҲˮˡ
һˮʱ򣬻ҶսôģôľľİҶʣҲ˹Ǳʶõİɡ
ҶĻһ£ûп˿Ҷʻ˾۲ͣ˿ǲܲġҶʲʼ˲룬ѵ˿Ҳ˭תģҲǻعˣ
ҡҡͷ׿Ժе뷨ҶʲҪ˿öôǿֻҪ˿仹ǰǸ˿ͺˡ仯˵ĻҶʻòϲġ
ȥúáһȥ֪ͨһ¡ȻǵԤϣǻҪеáҶҲżֻһȻֱԶȥˡ
ҶʸոɽɽͿѹȵϢٵԶȥˡ
ҶȥȵʱǸ֧һġˣҶûԶһҪ͵ɽˡ
ҶʻˣҶЩѹ֣Ԥеʲô֮ǰطϲҲǱ嵭˲ٵˡ
ҶʣҪսôܲصգһزסˣֱӿڰѴе˳ˡ
ʵҶѾ֪˵ģѯʲȷһ¡ҶڸոʧʱЩ˵ģȵҶʻʱ򣬾ǴŴ쿪һʱʱ
ҶʸոջãѾȥЩˡңҶʻɽͬʱЩҲˣվ۷壬˹ȥˡ
ǵġҶûӣȺмվ˵
ǡмİܹʤսĸһЩȻҪսˣЩӦøߴңôһס
˵ʵҺܲߴҵġΪս֮ǰ˵Щ̫ʿˡֻİաҶһָֻ֣ſ
㣿ô٣ҶǵһǶʲôǲ֪ǿЩôã׼ôãΪȫ׼˵ġ
㻹Ҫ١ǵ׼ȫõĻܹһİաڣϾ׼ʱ侭̫ãǳһЩ⡣ڣֻвİաҶʵ˵ٴε˶һ
㲻ʱսⲻǱذɵô


986 ڴ
ҵжģ㲻˶û뵽ġ
Ҷô˵׼ʱ¶ǳ˴ҵ֪ģ¶ᴩ˼Ԫˡ۷ս϶ֹЩôضһ𣬾ȻֻսǾͲܹһô޷ܣȥͺûʲôġȫûʲôʤİ
Ȳˡٵȥһֵʤ㶼ûеġϵڣѾǼˡҪһȥսͻһˡҶҡҡͷ˴
ǵʲôô˵Ŀ¡üͷɻʵ
Ǿ죬ǴҿеϲԡﲻݣҶٴ׳һĴ𰸡
죿ϲԣôܣ˵ϲԣû˼ģǹƽô˶һ㶣ɫ԰סҪ죬ǾһֱǵôһֱڶԷע³ɳȴҪȥ̫ˡңڶԷѹ³ɳģܹսʤô
ǵģǾ죬ϲԡϵ־ɵġǰǹƽģѾˡ̫ˣϵ޴ӿǸɾģǾΪ־Ľ塣Ȼ˸ÿһʱ䣬ͻԻȻһΣɨһеǱвֻлص־ɢȥȵµ־Ҷһ࣬һһ˵ûһ˿Цĳɷݡ
ûʵ壬ǹﲻĻھ֮ϡǰǿ߶ȥĽӴشڣûܹȥˡҪģǻ죬ȥ
ҶܳĬû뵽Ȼܹ顣ܶ˶ڱԹ֪ΪʲôȻܹԼһ
ǣѾûа취ˣǶ㲻ˡ飬ֻӭȥˡ
Ҫ˵һ䣺Ҷ˵λɣλǹ湻ʵİ
죬ʲôû˵Ҷһɳ˵ˣΪҶʵĹϵҲʶ˲ٵĶǣǰľûε𺳵İֱû˸ġ
Ҫڴ֮ǰҪǻһ˵ͬĻͬ顣һΪ˷ˣǰɵơǣǰͷˣҶʸ顣һ˷Ļ˵˵İ
ˣ켶ǿ߲Ÿߡ켶ģȥҲûʲôáҪһֵĹһӡǶʧˣֻܹڴǿˡģʧˣػٵľޱ䣬ֻҪնΪΪˣ컹ǻŹǵġҶʿʼˣȻԼĹӡһˮУһߵǿ߱ܡ
Ҫ˵Ҫѣ켶֮ϵΪǿ߶վһ𡣽ӹҶ׳ˮԼĹؼӡС
ߣǵ̫ˡҶһ֣һεѲսǿ߶Ȼ
Ҷʣ㲻˿ôϴһսɽֱѿȻ밬׵˽ȥ˯ڶûгߵҶʵߣ˵ֱӸ˰˿Ĵŵ
ˣȥˡҪʤˣȻܹġҪʧˣֻܹһΡҶʳһҡͷȥͷ
ڴ
ʱ·ĺȻ֪ЩǿҪȥľսˡ
һ磡
Ҷܵ˸ȾȫۿʪˣĻӦš
ҶǼӿٶȣٵ˹ȥһ޿ٵСܿľʧˡ
ҶǺƺƵĹµԨڿٵĵˡԽԽˣҲԽԽˡһĶûк£ȫս졣
Ҷ磬ȵǡտԨϷͻȻһ
Ҷͣ˰УתԶȥڵԨϷһɢǿҵĹâڿٵĿ֮ǰҶҲУǰ
ҶʿһСӰƴԼ֣Ҷһ£Ȼߺǰޣ
ǡ֮ǰոջҾʹŻȥˡ޴еǿ߿ٸ̫æҶˡԷûлشһߵսȿˡ
ϴһսȻңǻصıԴй¶˸ĳʺСɽ߳˺ܶǿߣҲ֮ǰĻԻ͡ȥˣˣھǿˡսſڲ


987 ӡ
Ȼǵĵʵ϶㲻ֻ̫ǽڴ˾֮£ôҵоϣһЩ
ûйͣ˫֮ҶʴţǷӡ֮س˹ȥ
ӡ֮ѾǱ˸ŵķĸռ䣬ȫǼΪ˿Ƿӡ׼ġ
ӡ֮ص룬Ǿ޴ѾǱŵıˡǹԴ֫Ѿ̽˳ˡ˶ԴǳĶģƵɵġ
һŵĴУҺϵĵǵ·ϵ۾лĿУȻһ𣬵˵档
ǼӲ̨ףѾǱʴǧٿ׵ˡϣԵ۾У¶Ĺâȫһ񣬻̰ģǾûһ˫۾Ĺâ˿͵ġ
ҶʵĵҲ˸ӦתͷҶʵķŵĴȫſҶ³һڿˮ
ˮûʲôԪǴǿľ磬նʴһ󶴡ûлҶǣ˱ǵȳζʹ˹
ǸϽתԪͷĿѣĸоʧȫɫѿ⻹ӡţ⻹ûĶ֣ǾѾôƵˡ
Ҷһ֣ӽɫԪͳ˳ֱӰǿˮ˸ɾ
ҶʣԪȻǳ֮ǰĳ˽ʸУйԡ
ǹȻϳҶʣһûеҲûʲôÿһ϶ŹЦݣڳҶʡ
顱һ죬ıԵ̳죬һǡ̳һɫĺâٶֱָҶʡ
ߡҶһߣԷһٵҶҲ˻βҶʵҶʿڳԼǰβͶ顣
һҶгһϵһУɱڵģļӳ֡
ҲҶʲôĶһεĽ˳ȥռϢѳ룬ٵ쵽β֮ϡ
ۡһͷƤƤ˺ǹĳβͱҶʸһءɫѪҺʴգ˵ϣһĸʴ
໺𡭡໺𡭡໺𡭡ǹ˲ϵ˻һ߹һ֫ҲϵĴŵ棬ʯգաһĿֲƣ־ӵԶĵطǱѾǱ˵ҲǱøӵưˡ
ǹﲻҶʣ֮ǰҶˡ
ҶҲȥ˹ǵУʼһζεڿӡһһεӡӡศɡ
ϾҪˣҲˣְɡҶһֱڹ۲·ĶѾȫѿˣֻһЩĽǿеһſ˵
˶ǵ˵ͷͬʱǰһơ
ķӡٵܿľһһɹг˹ȥϵһж·ǽֹˣʱ仹ǿռ䡣ֻǵɹ⣬ΪϵΨһ
䡱һ죬ɹ׼ȷӴĹ塣Ƭҷ˳ȥٵĶǻ˿ռϣռˡ
ɹȥƲֱǹĺ󱲡
𡭡һʹൽ˼µǹһĵ棬綼Ǿҵһ¡ֲ˻ĵУֱǰҶȫƷ˳ȥˡ
̳ɢȥǹ¶˳ϳһֲĴ󶴣ǰ͸ֱǰѹˡ
ϵ˫۾ȫպˣҲñˣûûǿֲơ
ǹôȥôȻ֪ⲻյĶֻ֣һлǷǳĿġǰΪ޵еģûܹڣһεĹǻٵ˶ԷһһǳõĿˣ˶ϣˡ
ҶǲûзɡΪ֪ûôļ򵥡̫ǰⶫˡⶫ˵в򵥵˵Ǵġǣܹһ׵ķ顣
ǿԵ涼ҪķѺܴҪ˵ﻹôӴˡ
𡭡۾һͬˣҶſڷһ̶һɢ˹ԿڲϵҶ
ͬʱ˵֮ڿն𣬿ٵҶǳ˹գҶǶ档


988 ֲ
µĵӣݽÿһ㶼Ǵɵֵȫһ
ЩҶʴȫɫҰףĻôĿֲһսҪô
ǶЩˣҶʴʲôġսǲ岻ֵİȫ׸ΪŸտʼǿ˵֮ҶǣûжȫġĲѾǽӽǵļ޵ˡ
ҶһչֱӰ˶˽ȥˡȻҶʵڡ
ȫûбҪӲӣȻڵҶ˵ʲô
Ҷʴһһֱӳ֮Ϸһҵ̤£صĲǷͷϡ
һȥ飬Ҳ֪˶ŵ
ǷŸո屻ӡ̫ˣܹܺõӦԼ״ֱ̬ӱҶһŸȵ׹ȥǵǲݽϣϵϵеķ˶Ƿ֮ϣ˳Ļ⣬һս衣
ȻҶսУҶʲûзǵӾҶʿһУҶΧһжķӳ֮ȥˡ
ҶʵĶѪȵģ޲ԼҶʣһžԼȳȥġ
Ҷʣսȫ岻ֵİʲôáҪĿʵ
һʵӣһӿʱͬʱſıԴܹҪǵʱﵽʲô̶ȣǾͿǵˡҪΪûãǵñǵĶļƻ˹ؼԵáʵڲУҿ԰ǸǿйעǵڣǿҶȻܹ֪еһеģʶһλ
ǿЩҪ̼ǣܹЩʲôİɡʵ
ûȻƼ򵥵ȭţǸԵĵޱļ򻯣һľúÿûлġҶĻشţ˵Լ뷨һЩļƻ
ǽʱ֮Ѿ׹䵽˵ȥˡ̳
εĽ֣ҶռϷ磬ǲġҲܹ⡣ո岻ôЭҪݵӦʱ䡣
Ҳ˵ʱСʱʱҶǶֻܹûа취شôĻǷǳֹ۵ġ
ǹͲ֪ôдģϵĳɱǶҶǼĳָȥˡ
Ҳ˵ҶΪռƣͿʼҶͬҪӦġ
һαȵһսǶûг׵ġֱڣų׵ˡѾǲ֪ûˡȻһֱڣԼնԼһеԪϡڻָ֮󣬻ҪһεʱӦġ
ǹ˻𲻶ϣƬȫַۣղ֪˶ٴΡЩطĺڶһֱûϹҪԤϵ׼Ѷˣ˼ͳ׵ı˷ˡ
ǹҲʼˣֵı仯ԴӿʼƶܲӴ塣Ȼӿʼ͹˳ԴȻǲӣȻ壬֫°Ӵһġ
ҶǶһ㶣û뵽ı仯֮ûй̶̬֮ǰЩģ¶ΪڵصܹӴĶǵԭ
ƷҶǸ׷ŴҶ岻Ȼ̬˱仯
ΪԭеԴӴУȻǲܹġȻͳӵĶĵ̬
ֻϰӰ֫צӣƬ֮ǰĵצӵķԼĸı䡣
˫ֲϵŤţٵı䳤еҶץ˹
Ҷе˻ʽ貣ݺÿһεĺܹնצӡһ֣С
һʱߵ˶ˣҲʲôرĶŹץȥצӾͿٵʧȥ˹Ȼ˷ɻҡ
ħүӲǿֲħԵϵըѣǿצȫըɫѪ
ǰ׹Ķ°ӵĿֲһΪ죬춼ղץצӲϲ˵ģֱǿȡԷڰᣬһַǳĺĹ


989 ӣ
֮ڲϵ˻֮⣬ûܵʲô̫˺ԷľģֻҪ类ûǶԷܹȡıԴ
Ҷն÷ǳĴĲ룬ҪǶԷʹͷǳİˡȻֻ˿ˣնһֻֿûжʹģôͬʱն䡣ȻֿٵˣٴεҶǳͿ͹۵ˡ
Ҫܹʳõģζĵ͸ӵĲˡһ취һ߶磬һǿķ˵ɽǱȥġ
Ҷǲûܶãͱȵֹͣˡ˵ԷͻȻ˸ǿצӶ粻ˡǶԷڧˣûצܹҶǶˡ
˫צӣֱеġÿһ˼붼ôͬǶǸš
ÿһҪҶǣҶһֻĸˣǵصĹצӺܶ͵һˡȿʼûʲô⣬Ǹһģһһı
ʱһˣԷڧˣצڿŤһ𣬲ϵľšޱȵĸӣûܹһͷġȻҲûйһͷ
Ϸצھ·ӴϵҲʼڶˡЩڱϣ˵ϵҶһõλáǲģһЩǹĸľͲɵˡϵӴҲڵϷȥġ
Ҷʾͷˣ֮ǰԷֶûôͷۣĲɱﵵİͣзûܹġҲ˵ȫļУģҶʾԴҪѿһ
ˡǹڳһһľӨ̹⣬ѸٵĴȫ
ľһצڵһʱ͹⻯ʧˡϵÿһϵı鶼һ£ҲͻȻжˣһ˫˫УҲʧȥ˹ʡ֮һ˲ʧȥ˶ԴȪһ
ҶΪ֮״̬һ֮ǰ̹йϵġӦòôļ򵥡
Ȼûжáһ˫˫ٴεĳɣûˣĬ˻ȥ嶼ӴУֻһϣȻ󻺻ٴͷλþۼ
Ƭ֮ǹǱԭӣһոտʱûʲô
ǣ˺ܴĲͬΪǹ￪ʼ仯ˡ
岻ϵ𶯣СһЩȻ֫ҲٵĲʼһЩı仯
Ƭ֮ǹ̬Ѿûʲôˣи첲ȵģֻһɫƬǣһβûʧ
ģүүүү˵һӡҶʿԷı仯ˣֹš
Է仯ûֹͣŵʼƶȻһһŵصŵһţǸӵį}˵ĿⶢҶʡ
ʱֹ֮ͣ˱仯һߴģһɫƬһβ͵ľˡ
үүүǸߴĻͶ˶˵֡ո˵꣬ȻԼַ˴̶ļЦǳĹ졣
ԣҶʲûЦڴӦһոմӦˣһͷĺߡһүүʲôʵ鰡Լ˵Լĺء
ӡǹٴο˵ˣҶʣԵ÷ǳĿġ
ģҿĵطȥȻҶҡҶŭˣ̧־ȥһһ
ֱ֮Ӿ͵˫еĹ任ΣԵЩķ񡣲ȴûж֣ٴεĻָ֮ǰ״̬
ģҡĵطȥȻҶҡ϶ǹٴεĶҶʿˡû˵һ䣬ԼЦһΣԵ÷ǳĿġ
ӡҶֹһ䣬ǲҿԷˡ֮󣬶ԷһļЦĻؾԼһ䣬Լܡ
һϰɣӦǸо״̬֡ǸϽʰҶļߺһȻǹ˹ȥˡ
ӡӡ֮вϵ߶ţ񳹵׵Ǳ仯ˣһ˲ɱиֵĸϢΧҲǵһɫ
֮Ҷһ߶ţȻһѡҶʣҶʳ˹
Ҷʱһͷĺߵˡģôĥ˵Ķֵô֮ǰڶԾУܹڿͷռϷģһֱҶʵġڣҶʾȻһ־ļһϷˡ


990 ֪Ҫᣡ
ҶʼĿҪ˵ʱһߵĶ°Ƕ΢΢Ǿ̫ˣҲ̫˵ġһ£ǲʲôܹӰǵģЩĹŰ塣ҶʸոյϷ֮ɣǱ֮ϷˣôЩĺЦ
ͬʱҶʵУǶѾЦ˵ġҶ˶Ծʱ򣬻Ϸ֣Ƕ֪ϰߡһ˵ֿ϶ǻỹġǽһôôǼСӵ̵ġ֮ϷҶʣŻôҾôĺЦ
Ҷû֣е˻ʽѾʼˣ˵ϳһɾơ˻ʽĲϣ˷ܣ̺Ӵ
ӡǹͻȻֿЦЦһĿռ䶼ڲÿһĿռ䶼ȫͬƵڲдŵʯֱӻַۡ
Ҷʳ̫죬׵ľܵһεĹÿһռŵӴޱȣҲƵ뷽ȫͬģӳϣܹ˲顣
ϡҶʵϷһ죬ǿֲҶʵϴġΧĿռ䶼ܵ˸ţ޹Ĳš
ȡҶҲȣһȦɫ˳Ҷʵ֮ͣȥ
ֽȻ෴ϵײղϵ飬ϵ
ˡնǸһҶһ˳ȥˡ
һɫǾ޴֮ļһֱ˸ǻһˡ
໺𡭡ǻʹҶҳһȭؼĴ·ҵľһҶʴ˳
˼ʰҶֹһ䣬ȭͷһΣȻƵˡ
ԷĹȫͲʲô·ģʲôʲôֱӰѹӵ·붼ǺҵץȥġҶȻ˵ǷǳǿˣĶһһεĻģܹ֮һ
Ȼû·ʤǴ·෱࣬һǷǳƵġҶȡˣûӲӣжһߣȻͬʱˡ
ǻȻ־壬ǻǾóԿˡһûдﵽӦеЧԵ÷ǳķŭһĿֲϵıΧһС
ܹڵϴս̫ǿˣϳǲĽƣǻġջԼߣҶʴ˵
ãһսҶҲף֮ǰֶǺܿƵģԼһ񣬹ǽƣǽ̫ѹǻӿǽġһ飬Ĺನ嵽½ʲôˡ
䣬ҶͻȻ𣬿쵽˼£˸ʧˡ
֮һ£ʣµĹǵͣƬ̣ȻϵķǸҶʳˡ
Ҫһ֮еˡ첻Ц˵Ļù°춼ݸ
ǻڵʲôָɵֻ͵ȵǸ黹šҪ׼ӭǵͬ顣ҶȻ˵ģԶԶд˹
ǼһۣȻ˵ͷų𣬿ٵ׷ǹȥˡ
ǳ˲٣Ե÷ǳûϢѾǿҪҶڵ˵ġ
һУǵŵսĺۼǳ޴ʯӣһЩǿʬ塣ҶʸоǳϤս
̫ʱڣǿ߱ٶԶԶĿյġǿ̫࣬϶սġҶǳǣһҪսѡС̫䣬оͲǱ˵ġ
ҶһģȻԼϢٵһ޴ʯ˺档
֮˻ųҶʵϢͻȻʧˡ޵תЩĳٶ۵ͣԭء
ҶͻȻһǻƨϣֱӰǻߵ
ৡҶʵߡ
ҪץˣȽȻý׼ȻʱһЩƫ߻ҪѹãȻǽٲŵ׼͹һˡҶż˵Լ뷨ޱ˵˳
ǱϷܻ˾ֱ˵ˣôһڡģ֪صġ°쵭˵תԼĹ̫ûȫԸˣ嶼һɬĸо
ģ֪Ҫ˵Ҫһ硣Ҷᡣ


991 ǿ
Ȼ˵һЩ߰ĻҶ֪ءŵĵȴҼôãȵľǽĵҪǽ⣬˭ˡûа취ܵġ
Ϊⲻһ˵Լ飬ȫ顣ǲǱǵ־սˡ
УıҶǶĴڡԣܴһ˵ǲܹʧܵġ
ϰɣҶʵ˵һ䣬ᶨ
ͻȻ˾ƺƵ硣
˼ȫоˣ˶ǹĤݣϵΪһ̣ʲô壬ʲôݵġ֮ǰҶǻڻɱĵʲôģǸоһĴƣϵ
ĵ⻮Ϊ㡣⾲ֹһ˿
Ҷ˷ɢ˿ķ֮ΧС
֮ɵ󵨣Χûк£ںǺǵЦǲ֪ʲôҲһԭİɡ
֮˷˵ġ֮ǰҶʵһŰʲôоһӵġҶٴγֵʱΧѾһַ۵ˣ붼֪ǹ֮ǰ˵ġ
ǹ룬ǵһѡҶʡҶʣжӵˡ
Ҷûʲô֮ǰ˵֡ôھͱȫԸˣⲻڿЦ
ҶܹΪͬˣ˵ΪҵšҪҶ߳©ڹؼʱûаͨ򿪡ͬ᳹׵ʧҲѰ·ˡ
Ҫ᳹׵͵еϣûܹġ
ֱ֮һֻҶץ˹קǳҶʰ
ҶһβûѡеʵȫĵޱȻһȭƴ˹ȥžûκεĲɢ
顱Χǳը˿ڵһʱͻַۡҶʵζһ£ǻһû˿
֮󵹷˳ȥзһЩ˻йĵĲ
Ƕ°ͬû֡컯һɫɫƵ񽣣ԭزϵĶ֮Ҷʵһʱ䣬ѾǱϰٵ˿ڡ
Ĳʳ˼̻𣬾ȫԸʱȻǲʲôһ߲ʵĹâ֮˹ȥʱռĽϣǹֳ֣ʱҲͬеĲλǼ٣ָ꣬еĵطǱûٱ֮ڵеĵط죬еĵط岻ϵĴڲըѿ
Ƕ°ˣΪ֮ǵǰȥѹҶʡ°̧ͬһֱֻ֣ӵ֮˹ȥ·ȫѹָ֮£ֳֻһеķ֮ϡ
顱һ죬Ǹߴֱ֮Ǳˣһŵ⡣ɫѪҺǺˮһϣ嵽δ֪Ŀռȥˡ
ģ
Ҷʾģɷ

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ûô򵥡ҹǲȫıԴǴǸϢȻһֱתͬʱսʤǹҶʵ
ͬʱһɾ˵Ĳʼתˣδ֪һ类ȡ˹ǿеĹÿһʿڡ
ģһȺ˶˵ˣȫҧгݵġ壬ôĺܵģĵڲص˺һ˽Ҫˡ
ҶʼеʱͬʱӿٶȣûΪܾͷŻġʱڣİ취ҪܲˣֻˡҪ飬̫ˣһҶʶȥ
ʹЧǾ˵ģ˶٣õԶԶ˸ġ
ҵԪôôĳ档
찡ôоܹҶһսˣ
ֻ׵ô

̵˹һľȫ𾪵òУһϲ
ǸҵģҰǵϢתˣΪҵʿǸУҾǻߵϲԣȻܹٲ˵Ϊġֻα죬ֻܹҵдڡԣǱҷǳһͬսҶֱһưˮ


992 ɱһ
Ҷôȫ֮ٵˣԼʵûȫĻָֻܹһЩİ취ǿԼսҪҶȫĻعˣԼܹԸ֮ˡ
˵ǲǿҪǲǿܹŹţһֱΪڵôֻҶһֱߵĵ֮־ģȫǲͳεġ
鷳ǿʼˡҪΪһҪԵĳսǳǵļƻУкܶǿѾһ˵ģȫûа취սԻٵģΪľǰϣԣһŬҶиſڽһ䡣
һȺ˲ڶԣֱӱĿʼתԼԪͨҶʵ磬ĸһЩҶܹȡͬʱΪĴҶʵеҶܹʤ
ҶʵеĺӴ֮ȫҶʵ˹֮һ
ǳֱ֣ܹӵ˵Ĺܶ˶Ǹ֮ܲġ˵ȫò֮
ܹ֮ˣûа취㹻֮Ҫôһֱ㣬ҪʱĻȻܹһһεۼơƽռ䣬˭ܹõصء
ڲͬˣĴ米¡ŵ飬ȫ֪ػģ˭ȥ̣ȻľͻΪҶ
ټҶһݻŵӣȻûȫĳΣѾһĹģˡҶ֮Ȼľͻõ
һŵⲻϵŤ顣Ǳ°ǲϵĳִɢʼûа취׵ۡһŵصıԴôı¶ڿУϵıǸĥ֮
˵ǲҪᣬһֵرԴ֮ģڲ̻һЩӡǶ᲻ߵġ
صıԴȻɢһЩȻǴ̼֮ˣʼҵĲѹҲôˡ
˵ףǵһãϵõˡһľҪصһЩġ
Ҷʼûг֣е˻ʽԽԽһŽɫС̫һɢŶĿĹʡ
ҶͬʱҲơҪЩӳҶʾҪסĴ¡ҪϵĵԼ̬һǰЩ˼һȻܹ󻯵Ĺ
ҶҪһֱӰֱ֮ĨɱʱΪ˼֮ĴãȻҪܳʱġ
ౡķݴҶʵ˻ʽų˳ΧҶʲϵת
һǺֻһźţҲͻȻ両֡
ϵǻΪҶϵ
ҶʻĻеĳޱȵĳ־صĶҶǴɵ˻壬һǿġ
Ҷʳֽǰ壬˫ڿд̤ǰУǲʵһһһɫĽӡɢһȦȦĽɫ
Ҷֻһˣǻ㱼ӰصҶʵϡϢһڴδй۷ģҶ˶ǹ⻯ˡ
ֳ˻ʽϣٵһĳ˹ȥ
Ҷһһе˻ʽûκεĻڵģĴһġ
Ľ⣬ӳȫעҶеĳȥˡ
Ҷһ˵ʱеĹâͻȻʧˣؼͻȻð
һ֮Ҷʿûпĵˣֱ˻֮ǰλòͣ
󣡡Ҷʿһ£ȻһһӡھҵĲҪһҶǵϢʼ˽ڣܿļ˵Ϣһ
վλΪԵгһ޴ĻԲǻԲпʼһһ·ʼԲйգճһӵͼ
ͼеһʹ˵ʱ򱬷˵ʱ
ǳõ֮УͻȻһ⣬Ȼһһ鲼ϡ
𡭡һ⣬ͻȻһ𣬱֮ǰģһߴľˡ˲ˡ
Σԭж̬̬ת䣬Ƕûгɹ
ڼ䷢˻ҶǵĶĤҪˡ
ڣһαεʱͻȻˣһĽɫƣܿľܲ塣


993 ʣ
һһǿҵĽε˳֮Ҳʼ˿ٵͣܿľͱһԲ
ءһ죬֮ըˡ
Ǳ̻رԴҲһըˡҶעеҲǿٵĲصıԴľ֮ϣʼʳֽ⡣
ɫŽɫĹâǵҶǹճĻԲһЩһζ
ȷʱ䣬ȷĵص㣬ֻܹôĶˡʱĳӴ򿪣ӭյսѹҶһͬһٴεעһԪĻԲķǳ׵ıˡ
ˡվҵĲһŤŵ߲ϼ֮С
ǹâвϵǰ䴩һһʱıݣϵŻĹ̫ǰ׷ݡ
ǿߵӰʱͨıһšǶ˲ֻڴУֻĻˡⶼЩǿǸʱӡѾȥ˵ġҶǿеĴʱͨǰȻǴЩʱǿӡ
ҶǶǳĳĬʱƣʱͨԽԽǰһֻϵϢҶǶ÷·ǻصϤʱϾһƳӡУҶϤӰӾ͸ˡ
кܶ඼һͬսģȻҲеˡûܹѾȥ˵ġֻҶЩǿƵĻ
ûгޣûģеֻޱȵĻǵˣѣЩȥչȥˣѾǼˡҶЩȥ˵ģֻԺеļ䡣
ЩСӸűʡͻأģʱͨгһȻͿһֱͭɫֱֱӵǴʱͨҶ˹
Ҷϵ׷ݣֱֱ˳£Խ޵Ŀռ䣬ҪҶǽй
ֱ۸ոճһѪɫǴֱ֮ϡ
ٴεĴ˳һһĹֽУȻЩʹǲûˡ
ҶҲǾԼȭֱӵʱͨд˹ȥɫȭͷǹͭɫĴ˵С˲֪ٱġңҶҲûȭӡȥֻһεȭصײֱ֮ϡ
Ӵʹˡֱ۵һֽУѸٵջԼֱۡ
ʱǰܿľ뿪ֱ۵ڵʱȻȻû˹ٵˡ
Ҷ޼ɵ׷̫ţȻǾ˲ٵǿߵġЩ˼һȻûйЩǷǳİԵոոӦֱӵĺ˼ȭȫҶǸֹˣ˵оյġ
䡱ʱĳֹסˣûмǰ
һɻ̫صϢ͸ʱĳҶǺƵ˹ҶǺܿľ͸о˲ࡣ
̫ˣûһ˿Ļܹŵ⾭ŶûɢȥѪȵζ̫磬ȫһŵ硣
ʲôǳ˯ʱ򣬲ǻвֵϣôҶʾо˲ԡ
ҪֻɱЩǿߣÿһζеСһЩǼܵӡԴˣҶƲسʱһ޷ܵƣǱ˵죬ûа취档
ڣҶǾԡǻǳ߻תʱѾǵĽ׶ΣЩǿֶڸԼϢˡֻʣһЩˡ˵ЩӦûڵġ
Ҷ͸ʱĳӣûиоκεϢҶǾòԵĸԴ
ȷʱ䣬ȷĵص㣬ȷˡǣ򿪵ͨôһҲʰ⵽Ƿʲô°𶯵ϡ
ǰ׷ʲôڴжҪ֪Ĵ𰸣ûʲôܹǵġ
֮Ҫʧˡǵʱ䲻ˡѵʱ֮ϢѾһЩ΢ı仯ˣǻǱһʱ쵽ˡ
ҺӦһЩϢˣӦóһЩ⣬ⲻǼ֮ʣ̫ǰ¿ͻȻһǷʲôȻ߶֮ʣעʱĳС
ͣ˵ʱ䳤ӣʼ˲ŸӾԶ³ȥ
ˡһ죬ҶȫһԵǻζεġֹ֮ͣüĶйѣǾĴһ˿һһεεѪҺ¡


994 ĵڶ
ǿҶǣѾվʷе˵һЩˡ֣Ȼͬʱˡ
Ĺ֮ǰıݣ᲻ɴݣȫûа취ǿеȥԼˣҶǵԤϡΪֻҪֱӵϣǳκεܹԵġ
ʲôйԼеķŭ
ѵиӿµˣ֮ǰѾǿʼˣֲ̧ȥüĵѪҺɲ˵
ӣӦûдˡ⵽ʲôĴڣǻҪ°Ҳ𶯣Ȼ첻ˣȻıߵġͻȻֵģԶԶıԼҪ£ö°ĵĶ㲻ȶˡ
ȷʵǴֱʣ޷ֻϣͬĿˣȻĻǵ鷳ʹˡһѾǹӦԵˣҪٳһ˿µĵˣûһ˿ʤ㡣ҶҲǳδ֪ǿߵĿ£ȫǵ֪ķΧˡ
ʱҶǿеեȡ֮ǳ׵ʧ˵ġǴͨ˵ʱĳӣ׵ֹͣ˲ʼðˡ
ûа취ľˣȻûнӻǡǰͨͨˣǻвģҪѰӦܹѭŻġ°쵭˵Լ
ûֻܹ鷳Ҫ̫ܹЩѰ·ϻҶҲͷǣֻˣȫû˱İ취ˡ
ңҶǵ鷳ٴεĽˡ
Ǳɱ˵֮ҲǱҶǸ˸ɾȫʱ䳤ˡ
Ӧȥ˵֮Ǹ⿪ʼȼٴεɢصıԴٵӿ֣Ǹ˹
ϵ綼ھҵĲ˼鶼ܹĸо
ȫЩľģоʲôȻҪһ
޾ĺٵĳУȾĺ졣ҫѪɢϢ
ǺǸУʼһ޴ĺ
ת·Ʈһϣת趯ҶǳԾǣ磬Ǹת
Ҷǿ򣬾ǿصһġ
࣡һ죬Ǻˣֱӵı¶Ķ
һѪɫЫӣճѪȾһĶĻһβ𣬹ͷβ͵ļˣһöҫźâĺ카ޱȵۡĻζվͱ카˺ѿˡ
ȻûһоŸ֮ǰֻǵһ̫ǰǲ飬Ϊ׼ˡҶǿһУ̫ڵĳԾ˵
ǵһδ򽻵ˣȻøͨڱݹġǷһоŸģž졣֮ϡ
Ҫ죬ͱҪŸѾһǳ޵ˡŵһһǿһǱǰһҪǿһġ
һѾҪҶȫԸˡ룬һܹܲԻϣܹܲܵסǿֲ
ңݵĽʾ֮ǰߵʬģԶԶĳǰһǰһļ䡣Ҳ˵ǰһҶǽֹҶǵһЩʲôģͨķʽڶ֪
ܹм䣬鷳顣ͬʽǲܹõڶεˡǳĺãܹõڶΡ
⵽ӵ֮ǰȫļ䡣˵Ҷܹܲŵ󡣾ǳŵˣһеĵƶ˵ġһϣǻʲôʤ㡣
սûлع飬ҶҲֻжȥˡΪʵһͬҲһһƴŽԿա
һɺĺâд˳ٵҶʵ˹
Ҷһݣе˻ʽᵲǻǱһɴײ˳ȥ
ϡһ죬һɺĹâֱӵǵҶʵ˻ʽϵġҶʵǺҶʵȻоֱЩķ顣
ҶʵɳȥʱһĺâǱҶʸס˵ġ
һֻѪЫβҫļµĺâ
ײҶʵͬʱβͺɨ˹ͬʱŶ°˹ȥ
ҶһֲõĸоЫǻȻôսı̫ڵĿ¡֮ǰɫļ䣬֪ʲôԼڼӽƻӦƻҶǵ͡


995 ˣ
Ыӿûеһ󣬵ȴпֲһֻβֱܹӵİҶʸɵġ
ı˹βͣʱ赲Ƭ̣ǲûг׵ͣ𶯣ֱӰʱɢˡ
ϣо˲Σգһʱ䵹ˡ
°ԵһȭЬӵ˶ǯӸסˡһ죬°ĺ˼ÿһƬڲȻڵһεĽӴУ°Ҳǳһˡ
ˣҶǵĶǱ𿪵ˡûдļλ֮ϣҶǵĹûа취ศɣӵûа취ٵ֧Ԯʲôġ
һ𾳵ǿߣЫӾȻйѿգǲ˹ȥ
쿴Ҷ˵Ȼ֪ġںִֽȻͬھҵĲ
ЫͻȻգС˲֣ŲԾ˹ֻǯצƴҪѲסһֲЫβҲ΢΢Ĳţ׼ѰʵĻ͸ɱһ
ںӽɫֽȻֱͬĶֻǯ죬˫ǸһЩ
Ų岻ȣһɺѰ˻ᣬһǳĵĽǶȣŲ˹ȥ
ͫСĴСһ̣ĸоΣյˡһ¹ܹҪġ
֮ǰԷֻǯǿеû£ǳĹ죬ڲڣڵԪͣ͡ʱûа취㹻
ǣ𾳵ǿߣҪô׻ɱҲֵ̫ǮһЩˡ
죬չֳǿµʵһɱĺպ˵Ϣһ˲ûˣħϢһ˲˶㡣
һȭ˳ȥɫںڵĹâŤųЫӵĸ
ûҪǷסġԷβͿ϶ӵķһЩǲȭͷܹסġ˵ˣѾǷħ˵ĲôǴԶ׼ġ
һεĹҪЫִҪĹ϶ǻ˵ġЫӵԴһЩĸһǻᱻǿֲصкһµġһܾ˵Ĵ򷨣Ҳʱõѡˡ
뷨ȻǷǳĺõģǺһ㣬Է֮ˣ˵ĸ飬ңԷǲ֮Ȼǲ˻˵Ĵ򷨵ġ
顱һ죬ǽɫɫŤĹâЫӵԴĸϡ
ϵĿҪԵĴһЩֱӾͱˣ˽ȥڲѪҺʶһѪɫٲ
໡Ыſڷһ쵽˼µ˻һɺٶȸӵĿˡ
ңҶȱսģȻһָ˹ġЫ֮ĹȫҶʸ۾ʱͷһŭ𣬲֪ٵѾʧȥСǱˡ
һɹֶʱռϣٵһɺײ˹ȥ
ɫǳѿüͷһѾԤϵԼ˵ˣ˵ύġɺ乳벽ԽԽˣܹŵһرŨȳζͷԶЩ΢΢ѣΡ
ڣЫӵβͻǳ˹ѾܹоһЩĺˣľ̼ŲţƤһļƤ񡣲ҲǱܵ΢۾Ķһβ칳
ϡһ貵ĽʱٵĴĽֱβһ˺˲ţǹ̵ѪɽһֱӵǰѲײ˳ȥɲǼԶȥ
ܿľͻعٵĺˣվһԪһתؿϵ˾ͻָ
һ貵Ľ⣬ȻҶʶ˻ʽˡҶҪܹæѾˡ˻ʽ͵ĽСҶȫĻܹͶȥԶβŵһɲǣֱӵİǲײ˳ȥͬʱײһβɺ졣
ٵĵתܿľͻصҶʵУҶһ㶣˻ʽ֮ϾȻһصʺ죬˸ĵĺ⡣ԭһµĹȻ˶Էβ͡
Ҷʻһ£ոһ£һɹģ־ˡ
ҶʡЫתҶʣзģ˻ҶǶˡϵ˿ںܿľˣ̹ͷβͣβɢŨĺ⣬βһһļѵ
ҶǶһۣ˱˴ͬɫʡ


996 죡
Ҷٴεһεս󣬿ٵЫӳ˹ȥҶǲϵı任򣬵ЫʼǸҶʵķ任任ԼλãʼǶҶʡ
һЫӷûκεܵĴˡҶ׵ĸٴεС
ˡһ󲨶һβɺ乳ٴε˳ˡ
һ죬һɫŵĹâ˿Ҷе˻ʽٴεһĨʺ졣
ҶʸӦ˳Էβ棬ĲʲôأҲ˵ԷβûжصġǶԷβ棬һܹһС
֮ǰҪǴ˲Ļܹòĵڲ߽⣬Լܹ
Ҳ˵Ыӵβϲ֮һ㶼ȶҪǿ
ЫӿҶʶò£ЩջٴεҶʳ˹ҪҶʸɱצ֮¡
Ҷʼղˣǿȣ춼ܹģҶת֮עĴǿıȻҲܹ֮ġҪҪעģβ͡
顱ӲײϵҶڽĴԷ塣
ϡҲǲϣҶЫβ;ʱ򣬲ϵе˻ʽһɺβ
һ֮עر仯ģµڶ֮עصǾԵĹһȫβ֮ϣҪǵסҲôĿ¡ˣҲҪˣ֡ҶЫӾһȻһԼ̽ˡ
ҶһȻЫβ͸סˣǻǰЫӸ˼˵мλá
ס֮ЫӻִŵҶʳһߵĶ°ѾƴˣͬʱǴֲɹ⣬ͬһʱǹ֮ϡ
顱һ죬ǹһ򣬸֮צӽȫĶˡңĺϸܵơ
ʺѪҺϵӿ˳ܿľͳһѪӡ
ҶڵˣٵЫӵͷŲЫӵĺЫӵβ˹ȥ
ϡһҶʧˣԭֻһɱƵĽɫ񽣡ҶɲǼϣΪһ塣
ʱռ˸ҶʱռıԵɱΣֲ˼¡
ϡһײҶʻ˻ʽصĿЫӵβ֮ϣֱնЫӵβ͡
βѴѪˣȾһƬѪ졣
˻ʽٵߣѪҺ䵽˻ʽϷʱԶĻѿ߻䡣ȳЫӵĹΧ֮Ҷٴ˻ʽֿ˻ʽûҶʵУҶʵԵת
һ̣ĺ˳ˡƮƮɣٵЫӳȥһУǱҶն˵Ыβ;ͳ˹С
һ˫Ыӵĺ֮㣬ٵǰҶ֮ǰȹĵطȫ෴ҶǴͷβȥǹǴβͷȥһֻɺЫβ͡
ڹĹע£һβɺ챬˶Ŀĺ⡣΢Ыӵͷ˽ȥ
𡭡Ыӣʱ򱬷˾˵һͻȻ˵Ԩƥֱӵǰѹ˳ȥ
һЫӹԼβͳ𣬿ٵʧˡ
ҶĸӦһ£ѾȷһŵķλЫ˺һֵĿռϣҪǽӴЫӵϢҶôĶֲ˵ġ
ǲоŸֱλھŲ죬ǲߵĵʮ죬·һУǲٵˡҶ΢˼ȻһЩĴţһ˵ǡ
£֮УܵΣգȻܻ˵ڶˡ
ҶǶһۣܿľ˾ϣȻսˣֻ׷ȥˡ
ѰЫӻĵط˸Ӧһ£Ȼͬʱ֣һֱǴһֵŻܹӦŻ֮ĲͬϢġ
Ҷʻɱٵĳ˽ȥҲǿٵĸϡҶʧ֮Ǳ򿪵ŻҲǿٵĺˡ
ڶĿռ䣬һƬѪ죬ռһرĴ
ⲻһ磬һ˼֮һϸСĿռ䡣֮ڵĶ졣
͸ǿռıݣܹĿ·˼硣ڴֻܹһƬư˵


997 ̫ǿҲ̫
УûʲôҲûʲôֵôġ
ҶĬĬĸӦһ£ȻٵǶȥ
һ죬ص˶죬û˿ռѹƣЫѾǱԭ͵ˡ;޴һѪˮĴɽ̾ڶ
ʱѪɫĴɽڿٵصǳˮһЫӿ˹ȥЫӴڴڵɽ˸С
˹ҶˣЫӻһСɽһǯӣҶǳ˹ˡ
Է̫ҪջǷйȻģҶǲϵĵˣûӲӡ
Ĺ۲һ£ԷβͲˡʶıβҲű󣬶ԸҶЩʿռʲôı˵ġ
Ҳ˵ԷֱԼơƬ̺ҶǾôЫӰβֱӸһСɽһĴǯȥˡ
һԷǿĹλҲǱǿˡһʱҶǶûҪһԴǯģǿˣҶǸûҪȥӲӲ
ЫӣڵŵǷǳȷģһСɽһĴǯҵĻ裬ϵҶǷ
㣬ΧҶǷһЩġ
ǣԷڵҲǷǳԣǴǯܹĵطķλȫ¶˳ԵĲ㡣
һΣҶԼķɢ˿ƹһԴǯЫӵĺ˹ȥ
Ҷ̧֣һӴ䣬صնЫӵı֮ϣҫ۵ĻǣһƶĤľ졣
˫ʮָһһɽϿգصЫ˹ȥ
°һգЫѹȥ
Ҳһɹ⣬âֿٵʱӵ˼¡
ϣ˲ֹͣЫӵĺ󱳡
ǳ˴ЫӲϵ˻𣬲ϵŤӸı䷽Ҷ֮⣬Ȼûдơ
ڣҶ֪֮ǰܹЫжô˵ˣһ죬ȡЫӱѹƵ̫ˡصԼĵϣľͱ˳ˣչֳӦеʵ
ҶεľأƶԷķȻûа취ЫӣӵûпܻɱЫӵˡ
ǺҶ˵Ҫ࣬ҶǵٶҲ죬ЫܹɱҶǣԹҶǡ
У󱳵ģһ𹥻пܹķҶʵ˻ʽֻܹЫӵĺһİ׺ۣ˲òĹˣֻƿԷķĿԡ
˲ϵĹЫӵĺ󱳵Ŀռϣһһղơ
һΣһЩЧˣЫԵǱʹˣϵĺţǻûа취Ļ˺
ϵĹǷһЩֵ󡣴ÿһЫϵĺ⣬ͻǱۼһΡ
Ȼڼ˹ļ϶ЫԼٵԼҶûȡʵԵЧҪԭİɡ
㲻ùˣһֱʱǹһ飬ǹĽࡣ°쿪Ź˵ȻҲǷһˡ
û˵ʲôĵ˵ͷϵֹͣ˹ʱһƥһͷڹУһͷҶǹһСС
Ҷǹʱ򣬽ƥķΧУͻȻӿʱĲҶǵĹӵĿٵĽЫӵĺϡ
˹ĸԤЫӶڹļʱԵЩİղˣÿһλû׼ãȻͱҶǸˡ
ȻҶתԪһιҲЫ˵ʱ򣬹ʱĲ͡Ѫɫ͸ٶȣٶԵǷ˺ܶ˵ġ
ȻҶǵһֹٴεĽˡ
һΣȻЧԷĺϣҶǹһ飬Եɫ˺ܶ࣬ûֺ͸˵ĸоҲ֮ǰĺˡ
Ҷ˼Σ޺ɫҲ˵ɫˣܹǱ֮µˡ
ЫӸо˲ԾˣѾûӼҶǾˣѾǸоΣˡʼƴҪҶǸ˦岻ϵ𶯣ȻٵǶĿռݡ
ҶʼճЫӵĺϣ˦ģЫӴܵʱ򣬹ͬûµģһδε֣ϵشЫӡ


998 ɱڶ
ꡱһӲ쳣Ҷǵ嶼һϳһĨϲɫ
ҶǲϵĹĵطԵǳһϸСƵģȻϸСֻҶ˺ĵһӡֻҪιܿľܹӲǸֱӵĴ˵ġ
顱Ҷһصնȥһľ죬ǼӲϳһƣ΢΢ڰݡҶʵ˻ʽпģҶ˻ʽֱӵҿġ
Ҷǵ¶һĨϲɫҪĳָЫػʱ򣬱ͻ
Ыȼܵĺɫ棬ǻ棬ȴһֽһʸУ˷ϢǿĹ
Ҷֱӵı˳ȥģ϶һ޺죬ܿıǸѹȥˡ
Ыӵȫȼգֻһ磬һ˲䣬ֵĻһ˲ϯĶĿռ䡣
ֻЫӵһԾ޴ǯһӣ춼ҵĲˣϡ
ϡ쳹ĶĿռ䣬ĺɫб˿ֲĽޱȵİԵ
ˡһ죬ҶԵĸоİԵĽڿٵż˽ӽ
ĽˣҶǷˣĻɫĳޱȰԵķҶǲϵس
ҶǱվһ𣬹ͬķоյĵ˵һֵĹ
һֵĹΧĺɫĻԵҪһЩˡ
ϡڶֵĽһλһҪ͸һЩҪһЩҶǸоҲҪһЩ
ǻĻ棬ֱӵ񽣣һһ¶˳ġ
ûκεĻƣֻһص㣬ǾǷǺɫеϢĵطնڲϵı
ˡƵٴ𣬵ڶֽ걬˳ǰԵĳǵصҶǳ˹
ȻҶûа취ܵģΪĿռ䶼ǳÿһĿռ䡣ǣһǹԵҪСˡҶ˵Ȼǲ˵ģĹҶܹ׵ĵġ
ȻһεĹҪӵܼһЩǶҶ˵һɵĵֵˡ
ΧĺɫѾǸӵİһЩģ͸԰ĺ⣬ܹԶĵطǿһֻͨȼŵЫӣҪСһЩҶ𾪵ģһԹͬ˫ĴǯѾЩĲˡǯѾǶһֵˣЩ롣
Ӧ֪ǣͬҪǸˣͻȻƴˡİ취ǣɲӦһιȻԼԼġҶʵ˵ȼԼǱܣȼԼսҶҲȵĳԹȻǺзȨġ
ȷʵЫӿһǿȴҶǣǿҪҶǸɱˡͻȻˣ֮ȼԼȼĿռ䣬ԼӵǿܹҶǵĿܡ
ֵ䣬ѾǺܹ˵ˣҶֻܹķ
ǣЫӵ˺ͬǲСġǵȼԼڵһǸ׳нİĶռȼˡԼǿĹֽˣÿһεĹС
顱ĿռͻȻһ죬涼Ƭ̵ͣ͡ЫһԾ޴ǯӣһֱӵı˿
ɺĹâױȵİԵϢ˷ɢÿһĿռС
⿪ʼȴ׼ȷ˵Ǻ⿪ʼˣЫƮ˹ȥ
һѺبռеľ޴ĺɫˣϢֲޱȣңңҶǡ
ЫҲһԾֱӵıˣһӡӡǳ֮ϣǳһ˿鶯
һҶͬʱڣ˵
ҶǵɫأĲʳŪԷġû뵽ҶǱƵ̫ˣֱöԷˡ
˵ϢҲǿٵϣܿľʹﵽ˶㡣ԪһһŤ͸гΡҶֱӵİе˻ʽ׽͸ĳ֮У˻ʽǰһ㽣¡
ǺĴǶˣ·նĶ춼ǱƿˣܹӦһϢ
ҶҲһ˻ʽĽ֮ϣ˻ʽ𣬿ٵķŴ󡣽ϵ·˹ȫԻ˻ʽ֮ϣһͬǻĴ󽣳˹ȥ
ϡһ죬˻ʽǻײһ


999 죡
ղϵ飬Ķ춼ʼ˱ϱˣ˼һ
ꡱϣبĶĻɫĴϿʼƣϵķ죬ܿľܲĽ
顱ǻĽǱˣһ˲ˡҶǶǿֲƷ˳ȥ
˻ʽֱӵƿշ˼磬ǵϻһֲĿӶܲ磬һˡ̳
ۡҶſڣ³һѪҺǣ֮£Ҷʱǿҵķˡ
ĺˮһƬУ˿˿Ƶĺð˳ȻһһֻСС͸ĺˮһЫӡ嵽ǵϴŤȻ˽ȥʧˡ
ϡ˻ʽƿշ˻ҶץС͵ĽϾȻһСȱڣҶЩϧ
һĻǱ仯ǧڶĻǹ˫ǵĻʲôء
ȻǼܹ˵ģŵڶ죬ôԵĻѾܲ˵ˡģ¸ӵѣǲ֪ǵʲôʱܹҶʲȥǵѪҺЩǵ˵
ҶʲţǶԷʵ̫ǿˣȫҶܹġϾ֮£Ҫ췥Ƿǳѵġϲôܻ鷢ء
ʵڶܹǷǳĽҵˡϾ⻯Ĺ̫ǿҲ̫һЩˡҪôԵ㣬˵ġ°Ҳͬĵ˵ͷȻûжҡͬɵصơǶͬǲܹСģԼֵȱ㣬ܹȡʤҪء
ҪҪǵһ£ǻع飬ȥǻع顣Ͼε̫ҪˣܹһЩ©Ҫǳ⣬ǾҲûлˡѵʲôΣգûһ֪Ҫȥܻ⡣
ЩУҶǷǳҪһҪҶʳ⣬ܾѾʧһˡսǶˣҲֻһĳɹĿˡ
£ǵȲˡһĿЦȻָ˸졣
ʵò˵ҶѾǷ˵ġǵϣˮһİȻĻҶǳٳûȥҪҶǵˡ
ҪֹֹͣͣˡҶһЦ³һϷ˹ȥ
⻯˴˵иӦģһȥ֮󣬺ĲŻѹոѹȻǲбģҶȻƣҪϢǶԷ͵ʱ
ǸӦҶǻˣǰϻĸԭˡָһµķ˵ġ
ԷǺܺÿ͵İֱӸָһ·ˡҶһĿЦǿֵˡ
ʲôÿͣԷžԵʵȫûаҶǸģŻôĴ󷽵ĸҶָռڡ
ȥˣ϶鷳ȥԷ϶½ҵġôĶͷ۵飬ôĶֺá
ϣǵ󡣡°룬Ȼһ飬˵ʱǶҶʵģҶʵ
Ҫʲô鷳ҶʱߵġʱͱˣҲҪȥ˼ˣֻҪҶʻţǵĶѻͻϣġ
ڶ°ĻҶûκε°׵ļ˺ϣȻһ˽ȥһĲ°ʧˡ
ûʲôı˵°ûʲôΣաҲٵĸϣȻҶʡ
ҶһֱӴһˮһϣûиоʲô谭ġ
ոս죬Ҷʾͱסˡǵǻ㣬һƬһ۵ĶͷסҶʴûϻôĵطҪǸոմǿռп˹ҶʶΪǲǽԼˡ
۵ĻͷһֱȥԶľ룬ıԵ
ҶʾֵǣȻ˶°ǵӰˣôһСĹ򣬶°ǾͲˡ
Ҷʾú֣ôΣյĵط°ûпܵİ
ҶʣôǱ߷ʲôȥ̽·ȥˣ㡣һҶѭȥͿԶһڻеŮӡǹҶ֡


1000 ף
˵Ƕһ£ȻԼжˡҶҲӦһ䣬̧ǹ˹ȥ
ôᣬǸӦɲͬϢֱĳطȻǾ͸׷ȥˡ㣬˵һ£㵣ġҶѾߵˣҶ΢΢һЦڽš
ҶЩüô°벽˵çײ֪һӵΣգȻôķֿжⲻô
ӦûʲôģǶʲôߣϢҲ̫ǿһֱǶҶʵģȻǰҶʵ仯Уڸ˱⣬ҲǸҶʲ̫ڵĵġ
ϣ˰ɣȥʲô㻹֪ɡȥҵһȻһȥһҶε̾һҲֻܹˡ
ҶʣšңʵһЩĻҪ˵ġסҶʣЩŤ˵
ʲô²ֱܹӵ˵ôôоЩֵءҶɻĿŹоں֡
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ɫЩĺΣǷǳļǿİ仰˵˳ˡȻ󶨶ĿҶʣҶʵĴ𰸡
֪ǣʱ˵Щʱܹܲε֮ȻлĻٺúõ̸һ̸ġҶüͷȻǰļˡЩǵ÷ǳЩͷǳģˡ
УһֱûиԼ׹ȷʵԼһһתģҶлǷǳĴģƽ˲
ǣʱ˵Щûģ˭ܹ֤ܹȥ˵ЩĻûһıҪ
֪¡̫ǿˣһǶˡһ׵Ļᶼûеˡ˵ҪʲôĳŵֻҪ֪һֱİģֻҪһСĵλҾͷǳˡԵúǼޱȽŵ˵ͬʱĶҶʣҶʳֲͷ顣
ȷʵӰӣǾ仰һе֮˵ȥǲ죬ȻҶ°졣ļ֣ҶһͷԼĶǹһЩĸġ
ˣǶ˵ЩˣֻҪ֪ҵľͺˡȥҶ°ɡһĸˣȻܿѹԼеļٴαƽͷһ˹ȥ
ҶҲһһֱͲһþܾˣҪǹһֱ֮ϣҶʻĲ֪ô졣
µԸ񣬻ҶʷǳϲģٲҶʣҶʾΪѵġ
ҶҲǸŹٵĳŹָһ˳ȥµĻڿٵĵˡҶʻ÷ǳľ棬ǺܿľʧȥȤ̫ƽһ㣬ûһЩĻ䡣
ôûеأҶЩɻˣеٶȻģЩʱ䣬Խ˼ûġ
Ŀռ䣬ϾһС磬˼֮ϵģӦûôĴŶԵġ
Ҳ֪ôôĴ󡣲°ȷʵԶȥġǰĹûлͷҶʽš
ͻȻһУֱҶʵ˻
ҶʿͻȻֵһû˿ԤֱӵĴ˹ϡ
û°ɣҶһѽס˹еʵ
ʱĹڵĿѪϢǿģǳĲáȻǱͻȻĹһˡ
ҶлǸողŶԼ׵ģŶõĹ򣬾ԼǰˡҶʾԼܵơ
˭ҳҶʴһ̧־ǹĵطĳһơ
һʱƥ˳סҶʵƣֱǰҶʵĹ˵ġ
ҶʾУͻȻֵӰǹ
ҶɻˣԼĻУһòһϢԼ˵ģϢԶԶĲǰġ
Ҫһ㣬ǰǸɱڵģĶҶʣҶʱŵĹһЩĲ
Ǳ仯Ļİôα仯ˡǰĹӲĿڣ˵ǳĳ壬ɱ


1001 Ȧף
ҶüͷҪֱַ֣治һģһǼٵġһʱЩԥбŵһ壬ҶҲǶһĵˡ
ֵĹһĶԥġͨ嶼ų˶ĿĹʣϵҶʳ
ʱķǳľңҶΧʻǿллֿģô˲ֻͣš
ȵȣ⵽ô¡ҶĻһ£ԽԽòԾҪȰסֵĹǶԷԵǲΪġ
еˣҶʵĸоʮֵĹ졣Ļһ£Ķ̬ԵҪһЩġ뵽Լ̹ףЩĺߣҲ˵ùȥġ
ңһ·ҶʵĹĸоٴεĸ˳ˡ֮ǰûעûоʲôôһ룬һֱԭشתһȻôôûûܵľͷ
ǣ˵һУʵޱȵġܶĶֻҶ֪ͬ˶֪Ҷʻеȴ˵˳
ĻеӦþˡͻȻֵһΪޱȵϤʱͬûа취ġ
ˣҶԥˣ֪һģֹܹһˡ
ʲôô£װĻͦҪֱ֪ҰɱȻҾ͸㡣ǹޱȵûƬ̵ֵͣĴ㣬ǹĸӵľˡ
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Լúõĵһ¡Ҷʰѻе˷˻УȻתǹ˹ȥ
֪ΪΣľĸоʧˡҶҲû̫ڵ⣬˻еǼٵģȻн٣ڷȻǾúˬˡ
ߣҿ֮£һªǹˣͷںڵķ˿裬ΧĿռ䶼΢΢ˣʱҵ
ҶȻǱԷϵļвСڣҶֻҪʱ䣬ǰѶŪһ㣬ö°Ƕܹ̽鵽ȻٵĸϹ
ҶĿǰûа취ֹֻܹϣ°ǹȻ¶ԷȻķֱ˭˭Ǽٵġ
ðƻӶ̼ңλһ֪ʲôıҵӣҪŭҵôǹһ߶֣һ䳰ȷá
˵ǼٵģҶҪǵĹϵȻֶԸҡеҲǿڱţŶԷĻ
ӴҶҶʵĽеȰҵӣȻֱһҪʲôǹǳķŭȻǲܹһҶʱһĳһֱھ顣
Ҷʾͷˣ˵ĶеĵҲЩġҶȫľûа취ֱġͬʱϣ˫˵ĻԶʧϣܹ©
ԶԶǿƿ˹Ҷ΢ĸӦһ£ȻһϲɫǶ°벽ϵˡ
ãҶǼٵģһץסҲһϲɫڴĺšͬʱҶʴһʱķ
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ѽôŪġһжƫƫ˵ЩҪһôھʹˡǵԶ˹ˣ˵״̬Ρ
ǱҶʷڻеĹ񲻶ϵı任Ȼ󻺻ҶʵķϢĳ˹ˡ
ȥͻȻ䱩𣬿ռһĳǹҶʵĺͱ˹
СģҶʶԵеĹͻȻֵĴУٵҶʳ˹
Ҷʸӵľ֣ͻȻֵϢѾҶʸо˵ģȻ֪ĹǼٵġǰҲǲܲ˵ͬʱԼҶʱˣѵǼٵô
Ȼûа취ܣҶʵķӦǷǳĿٵģֱһȭǰ˹ȥҪ÷ԼƫתһЩȻԸļٻ
ҶʷˣˣҪٻ˵ġ
ۡ
ǣҶʵϵǣǰĹȫûжܣҲûйֱӵĳ˹ȻǱҶһƸ˵ģ³һڵѪҶһġ
˵ҶʵĻУ˫ͻȻҶʸ˳ȥ
ۡһƤ˺ʱ䶼ͣˡ


1002 û
̺ţһŤŵ͸ǹֱӵİѹĸˡҶȫסˣû뵽ᷢ
һͷķ˿ʱĳìͱǰ
ˡһϷһЦӰʼ黯ˡлһĨɫҺ塣
Ҷʿٵ˹ȥѾһЩˣһգֻԭػһ󶴡
ǰеĹʱһֻϳĺһƮ󷽸ϵĶ°һѱ˻С
ڶ°컳еĹӵĿҶһȻһ˫Ӿͻıˡ
ǵôŪģתۼĹôȴˣңһ㶼ûֵġüĶҶʣڵĹѾǳ˯˹ȥˡû˺ҪǰҶȫһƣȻ󱻳ǹͱһ£״̬ǳΣա
Ҷû˵ǰ̽һ¹Ȼһûɢʱڲ֮ǰʱ޸˿ڡ
üҪ˵һЩʲô°ʹһɫòˡ
ôĸӣҶһʱҲͲġҪǣҶڵĺңҪ͵ġ
ðƻԼʱ򣬹ѾȷҶʵʵݵˣźηĳҶʣҪҶʸƿ
ҶҲˣ֮ǰԼתȦģȻðƻҲĵػˡ
ҶʺްȻͷðƻЩĲԾҶʲûҪȥһ룬ѷһЩֵĵطġ
Ŀðƻ֮ǰԼӣǹйһʱĽӦǱʶ˵ġڵôʶƵģҶʾͲ֪ˡ
ðƻ˹ӣԼôϤǴӹӳĻˣǲ֪֮ǰûԼ׵ġҲѹ֣ǹԼһðƻôĻһֱģûеõİɡ
뵽ЩҶʿŽ˫۵ĹҲǶһЩˡ
Χľʼ仯صԻʼҡҷ黯ʧˡ
ȥĶɫǵɫӦҲػŵһЩĹġ
Ҷǣ֮ǰڲ̫ԶȻ֮ǰһֱڸתȦģûԶ
ôģҶƽ°쵭ʵ
ûʲôػ߷ֱģ˶ϷˣˡôôظˡҶʾûж˵ˣ漰һЩ˽ܵ⣬Ҳûʲôô
һģһֱǰɣǸоµĻûб仯ȻоĲ뵽֮ǰҶЩĲԾſٵĸ˻ˡ°ҲЩĺգһˣȫͬһ˸ϷˣˡҺûгʲôصĴۡ
ػߣǳóþ仯֮ǲ֪ǲǾϵġǵĻǶԷľҲ̫ˣȻܹͬʱӰ쵽ǡҶ룬Ȼһۡ
ǾϵġһŮǹ
ʱĹȫҶ˶ܹԵĸоڹϵʱڷɿĵˡȻǸϵ˿ڻˡ
㻹ðɣҶſڣҪ˵һЩģǻû˵
û⣬֮ǰû˵ԴȻ鷳ˡֻһЩˡ˵ûʲô鲨
ûᣬҶǳһ飬ǲ֪ôԹġ
աһžĵУԵ÷ǳԡ
Ե뻮һģһԶԵжǰġ
˷ǰҶǸΧˡ
Ҷʣû뵽ɣּˡһЦ˹Ŀռ䡣
Ҷһ£ý˵֮鶼ô档
ôģʶˣҪҪٴһҽܵء˻ĿҶǵǰ
ôܣ㲻ӦȥôͬʱӦòͬĺ֣ôҶܵĴܴ˫ĶǰһӰ
ҶһͬģҶΪݲ򵥣ǰǿ׼֮תŻ
ҶʵļûĸǿܹϺŵġ


1003 Ͳܹһô
ͻȻֵģȻĵʱһļЦĿҶǡ
㶼ûôͱȥأҶʽòáԵЩķŭĺšܿһļЦ˵ǰıݣǾʵİɱиľϷʵ̫ˡ
ɵôܻ֪̫һ˰ɡһǸոɵƣһٴεܳ˰ɡҶһ£ʲôƿڴš
ɵƣȫҶɵơӾٰôܻмٵġЩץ񣬱ҶʸҵòС
ɵƣôģ̫ˡҶʻЩĲţĿš
ɵƣޣΪʲôͻҲˣһķǳĺãǰǿ˲ֹһˣǰҲġ֪ͬΪʲôѹˣԭ㼸תҪһѡǺʲôҪģײˣܹƻ̫˷ˡǳĿģЦš
Ȼʲô̫ǰǿתģĳҶҲЩĹϵġҶתй¶һӦˣȻһѪÿһ˻ĳֶ֣Ϊ˸˻ƻ鷳ġ
ˣԭǱģΪҵԭɣô˵ӦûҪһ׵ˣûҵתôܻĳ֡鷢չˣܶ鶼ܹϵˡҶ΢һ˼ȻͲ³һ
ޣ㸸ףʲôûûûϲԴÿһǣܹôˣ˵ҴľϲԣעԵġһڿˮôܻҶռˡ
ޣҺûнУԼԼ㲻ϲһöп޵ӡһ˵ϲԵ߹ĸףľúܳԿİҶһЦ˵Ļ
ЦɣЦɣûźúõЦɡܿľƽһĳ顣
ôÿοҪһٵأ˵ôôķءϴ壬ȻҸˣһǾǳĲҸӵһЩġҶӴĲٵˡ
һӴ֮ǰһֱˡһΣ˿˵ǲ˵ġҶǱԼĺָˣӦǱˡŻڵġ
٣ҶһĶĵġΪⲻǵˣԷ˳Ҳûκεõġң֮ǰľҶҲһ㡣ܶԷôı仯ϢԪĲûа취ģµġ
֮ǰһЩģǼȻػĻһ㶼ĵˡȻȻǿһЩȫһЩҶʵ˵
ǴôôͬҵĺôҶЩ˼ˡǳĿģȻǴڵжԵλãϾҪĶԾЦˡ
ǰȵһ֮ҪһЩȵڶЫҪȫһЩ˵ҪǿһЩġҲڵ죬ߵ涼ݲġʣµĻͲҶ˵˰ɡҶһ棬ָ㡣
Ҫˣʲô佱ʲôһػߣȫͿ˵ûӵġһ㣬һĴп޵ġڶػЫӣĶϣǳΪū͵һǳϹԷġǾҶ˵ЫӲȫ棬ƺԣȱͬڸǲסġ˵ҪǿһЩ仰ôôĲζء
ɱһĴʼ뻮һҶʳ˹ȥ
ΪΪūͣϵǿߵǣÿһǿߵӡܹҵġȻҶЩˣǿеİԼӡĨ˵ġ
Щǿߵӡϲ˵ûһôǶ˵뵱õġ
ˣȻҶʲǵһμֶεˡһμǰҶʸһġȻû壬Щǿߵͬǿ󡣱Ĩҵʶȫˣܹսٵġ
Ͳܹһʽôʶ㿪ʼͷ㲻ֹһεҪ齨ӵˡ㲻÷ҶӦԵЩķˡҶʵ˵е˻ʽһڣΧһԲ


1004 ׹Ƿ
ϵͣ춯ҶʩųȥĽתԭ
ȣҶһֱӵİǽĻſĵزֱӵİѼȫС
Ѿǳ嵽ҶǵǰˡǽĻϵľһһǿĲ
ȺȻĨҵʶԼսıܽʧˣҲûǰطؼ䡣Ŀ£ֱǿʱҶǳײҶЩܵġ
һֵĹȻǰЩȫ˳ȥģͬʱһĽ޲ɢ˳ȥǽһЩġҶʵĽĻҲǱһҵĲɢ˿ȥ
ߣ˵ˣҲҵǰˣ硣°һߣֱ˳ȥһ˫ƱյģϵȺ룬ÿһζֱܹӵĻɻҵġ
Щ겻ǿҪǲǿĻܹڵķ۵ôֻЩûǿǱЩͬǳǵǿߣȻֽһˡ
ҲһһɽϵȺȥģͬвСЧ
ǹʱԵǿƣ壬ܹõĴڵġųĹâÿһǿֲʱڿٵİЩĴʱ䡣
Ȼûж°벽ǵЧôԡܹЩǿߵ꣬ڲϵİҲǼ˲Сģٵ嶼˲ҵĻˡ
ԼЩֶ̨ΣЩĸ֣ȻǲһˡҶʲ꼺ǿͬʱϴ
ǹû˵Ե÷ǳƽſڲϵ߶š
ͷϵ߶ܹϵ϶͸쵶ٵĳΧһѪɱҲ޼ɵͷԼϢһ㺮âգһŤŵڵĳǹƿնٵгΣΧͷ߿ֲ
ܹܲһµİͬĶҼ̫ˣᷳˣѾûʲôõˡָôһǲҵĽİǿڣİָٵİһɱУҶʾЩϤֿڵ٩
٩٩Ҷһ㶼ûеĵġȻڣӦþڣĻϿǣƲͬնģÿһѵıͷɱҶʵ嶼Ǳ̵Щʹ
СһЩܲöԸҶʵһ£䱸
üͻͻͣĺҪҶʵ͸˺õġܾʹܣϻôĶʲôûмõķõĺþɱС׼ʽҪȵĿһ¶Էĸܵĵ
ˣǳĹϵѡ˱졣ҪҶʽϻˣҶʸӵ˷ܣӵĲöԸġ
˫֣ǰһơ죬ٵҶǳ˹ȥ
𣡡°һ𣬼˵ΧͻȻһ߾޴ĹǼܣǼܳΣع߹ǾͰҶǼС
޴ιǼ˸ĵĹ󣬻ɫƣǹǼ֮ϸһɫĻһ
Ǽſһһֲܳ˹ȥƬաٵǲȣȻ
׹һץֱӵһѵУȻԶ˹ȥ
ߣôôϲҵĶһͬ⻹ǲͬġһûж
һֻ׹ǾצУͻȻɵĹâһϢг˳ֱǰƸ÷˵ġ
ȻʼתΧǰҶǵĹǼܷ裬ʱϵͣġ
໺𡭡׹Ǳŭˣ췢һɫϢʼ̣ɭɭİ׹֮ϿʼѪ⣬ǲϵ˳ȥ
ҵķ״̬˲ĻôãȻҲһ㶫ġ°쵭ĽţԼķԵǷǳš
Ȼ׹һǿѪ⣬þͼ˴롣С࣬׹ǵҲǱ仺˲١
ϡһĵпֲҶ
ֻһ͸쵶϶£ǰ׹Ƿ
δ£ڻĵҶǣѾǸоĵ˵ġ


1005 ˫ػߣ
顱һ죬ͷһѩĵâڿٵ䡣
ؼʱҶʰпǾ£ע˻ʽС˻ʽ߾ٹͷȻǰ˳ȥ
ϡ˻ʽ͸ĳ໥ײǿҵľ𣬾쵶˳ȥҶҲ˫ַ飬ݵʧȥ֪
ǰ׹ǷѾǱֱƿ˵ģһ룬һֱҶǵͷϷԶűҶһ˵ġ
ˣʲôл꣬εʱܵĽٷһܶ౶ⲻڸԵһ̣Ȼ̻еġҲ˵µ̻ƷڣЩӡֱԻ˳ıӵĿ¡ҶǿЩ·ˣк𾪡
µһУĲӲԼҪҪѳȥֻҶնȥӡѳȥ
˻ʽҲǳرӳֵĲ־񽣣Ŀ̻Ȼܹ
һжǷҶʵϣܿľӦԵİ취
˵ķλתһ£Ҷǰ°΢󣬹λá
һǣ˼սٴεĿʼˣһΣ˵ߵʷ۷塣ҶҲع飬սѵİһο˵˻սǿһζԾң˫֪һһˣҲûһεĻˡ
˫һǿĹֶΣҶֱӵİ˳Լõļȡ
Ҳ˶ȼƴ˶㡣
ٴײһ쵶ȻǷ˫ģ˻ʽһ޼᲻ݡ쵶񽣣˵â
һεĽ֣ĵ춼˺˿ˣ˴룬ܹӦ½Ϣ
Լһ˫ûκεͣûеϢһµģٴεľŶԷ˹ȥˡ
쵶һӣԻ˳ĹٴγѩĵâͬʱҶǽɱ˹ȥ
Ҷе˻ʽһʣ磬ֱӰԼĵˡҶʲûȥᣬԼսѣҪⶼסǾǿЦˡ
ҶǴƸ۵Ƶģȫûпǹ˾Ϳ϶군ˣֻʤ˲ϣ
й˼ɣҶʵ̫εˡҶʶ˵ȻͳһӰҶʵϵʱЩĲ㡣
ܿģҶʾռϷ磬ֱѹڴġ
ȻչֳϲԸĺܶչϲҶһȻʹҶʸѹˡ
ҲΪʲôնյĶҶʵһϻǳһѪۣ۾һ˲ͺˡ
ĶҪˣÿ˺ܴĽÿһζΪܹѹҶʴˡÿһξͱҶʱűķһΪҲӲٵˡ
׳գôģʲôġвܵȻܹ޵СҶһѾȫѹסˡһΣҶҪ׵ĥֵˡ
һǱһһΪ˳гҶʵǿһһʱʱҶʰһҶͻȻñô߹һôĳ׵ĻˣԺҲʲôˡ
Ҷʵٵı˵ľ񶼴ﵽ˶㣬Ȼһȥ
ֵĴУû뵽ϵػߣǻһ֡һӿ⣬Ǹ߸̧Ĵײ˹ȥ
û˿áҶʵľսѾǴﵽ˶ˣ˵޵ˡһĲϡ
춼ǾҵĲһ£ľٵĳ˷ҶƴӶᣬԷľ󲿷ֻصıԴģӡĻ̫ࡣ
һ޵ĲٵĻԪг˳ȥ꣬ҪݳȥҶĲ׽ˣһ£ֱӱ˿
׵ɢˣʲôû¡
һ£ǳ׵˰ɣӦǲˡҶʵ˵ͻȻһЩ˸С
ˡһһѷ͸Ťŵĳǹͻأĳ֣Ҷʵؿȥ
ҶȻһʱ͸оˣ廹ǾĶˣǻûа취㿪
ۡɫѪҺɽҶʵؿڱһǰ͸Ĵ󶴡


1006 ߣ
ʱռ䶼һ˭û뵽
°ҶһǰػߵˡΪǰľѾһֹ˼άˡ
ң֮Եǲȫģźȱݵģһֻһֶصĵֻʺһ档
ѾΪһɱ¾ˣ֮ǰǻ˹ɱҲʹˣһǵصģҶǰĶ˵ġ
ۡƤ˺ѵٴǰеػ߰ѳǹ˳
Էûгʤ׷Ĵ㣬֪һЩʲôǾò̫գҪҶǶһ
Ҷʣô°˿ٵĳһѰҶʸУֹǰе֮Ĺ
ҶɫޱȵĲ԰ףؿϵѪֹסģǽɫѪҺϵӿߵ壬Ҳڱһ˲ͱˣֱǻָԭģ
ߣǶȫûȫϷˣǡҶʼеغҪǳڴȥ
°켸˲ֱЯҶʿٵѿճǳڡҶʹƵȫһǻ֮ȫûҶӳ˵졣
ҶͷҲصļ½˳ȥһ̶ҹͣ
һĲȻһõӰ˳ĵҶǵ󲻼ģʼǱһľ롣
˻ͷһ£һûпǻľ״ֻǴյĲӦһ͸ڻƶŵġ
Էһɱʵƫƫûôܹ׷Ҷǵģͬǻĵţżһ£ɵӶܹˣԷȫϷˣǵˡ
Ϊ̫ûгֵԭöԷúˡȻ󿴵ҶȺ˼ļһȻͰҶǵһǲϷˡ
һȫǰһնˣǿп޵ĶһֱҶһŸʱûгֵġ
ЦΪΪĴˣʵ˵һ߹ǲģһʱȤȻűԼ¡
ȥǰ취ԷȫûκεĹ˼ɣԶԶĵǵ󣬲֪ҪѹҪǵ־ͷһ£ǹѾǸǳ嵽˶˵ģǶԷûͣĴ㡣
ʱͨɣԳȥһǶ֮׷һܹѰǵĻ顣Ҷؿڣ˵
ЩĳĬҪԳȥ̫ǿˣͨһʱͨˣʧУܾҲҲ·ˡᱻĺʱͨС
˼İΣҶǲ̫ĵġֻҪҶʧˣԷû־ģһЩ춼ûа취ΥķѶԷƵġ
ҿǻƴˡҪǳʱͨУȻʲô⣬ǵ鷳ʹˡҡҡͷ޳ܡ
ҾҶ˵ĲǶʱͨУȻΣգͬġսǱġСԲ֮»ԶԶֹôļ򵥡ҪԶԶǿһ߰˲ġ˵ġ°ʱ򿪿ڣͬҶʵͬʱԼĿҲ˵˳Ҳο
ϻˣȥɡҲȡ裬Ҫ⻯ˣǵ״̬һǽӲġͻȻڣҶǼӿٶȡ
˵ͬʱҶǿٵĳ˵һġǰ֮ǰͨʱ䳤ӣѾǳǰȻǼֻ࣬ҪѿڻڣҶǾܹ׵˺ġ
Ҷʣͬʱֱ֣ٴε˺Ǹѷ죬ûһԥҶֱӵľͳ˽ȥ
Ҷ㣬ɽһҲȥĻԼνʱ䴩ˡ
ͼ࣬һĴǵ֮˹ͨĿϴеġ
ðҶʻһ䣬涼ܳȥֻеű׵ˡ
ݡһƿ֮۳һѰѳìֱڶҶǶ˹
ԷĳìһʱͨУͿʼ˿ٵ߽⣬嵽ҶǰĶѾС˲еˡ
ʱǰȫˡԷĻһļµ֣ǲʱչٵɢҶʶзȨ΢˼һ£Ȼ͸һ𰸡


1007 ˥ܣ
֮һһֵ嶼˽ˣڿٵķֽʧŵöԷֹϵĵ˳ȥ
ʱͨУת˲Ͳ֪ǶȥˣҶǺܿľʧ֮ĸӦˡ
֮׵ǷˣǻЩķ񣬺ò׵õ˵ߣûкúõ湻ôˡ
䡱һ죬ּ̧֮Ͱͨڸˡͬʱϵš
ͻȻ䣬֮Ƕϣһֲɽȥ
ܵвɽڲһ͵ĹͻȻɢǿʢĹâǹ·İ˿밬׵۾Ҳ΢΢һ϶
֮Ĺâûгֱһ߽ɢ˿С
֮аٴεִ̧һɹ⣬ǽһӵģȫȻȻʧˡ
Ǿ֮ϵķŭˣһ߲ʵ磬Ļ֮ϣ岻ϵĲʧˡĻһֽУȻٵԼس˳ȥ
Ҫǿһᷢɽһ˲һЩһϢġǿһȺˣҶʸˡ
ǲõĹְȥɢ͵Ĺâ˿밬΢΢۾Ҳǻıˣһֱûзһ

ʱʱͨУͨҵĲϵĻζˡƾϢĸӦҶǺܿľ˵Ƿʲô顣
£ֻмǰѰһʵʱνȻѰһˡ·ѾǱˣҪأڶǻزȥˡ°Ӧһ£Ȼ䵭˵
ѾγʱˣʱȥѾǲܵˡһӽͻʱС
ʱҶɢڵĹ֮һֵʱͨУеĿٵҶԼԪ׵ľɢˡ
ؿڵĴѾֹͣѪˣڻϡ
ҶʵľѪѾʧ̫ˣɫЩĲ԰ף֮ǰս壬ȻһЩĲˡ
̫ˣֵܹѹһУ̫ԵˡҶ³һ˵һµı顣
һȺɥ֮ȮŭЦóǷŭ飬Ҳûκεİ취򲻹Էֻܵˡ
Ѿɥ֮Ȯˡǵʱ̫ţӲǲҪĻ˵ˣһһ°쿪Ȱ⣬һƽ
仰һҵϸӵĹҲסˡϸһɥ֮Ȯһ͵ڡں󱲵ǰ˴ô붼ò̫ζ
һ£첻ˣǰ
ʱͨУҶǲܿƵڿٵǰСʵҶվŲһǻᱻǰġʱĳϣһԻ͵±ҶǷĴ
ʱͨУܹһʱǿߵӡһšƣͬţǻֵĳ˳վҶǵǰһ
˥ֵܵ㣬ҶϣҲǾ˺˼ˡ
ڼ䣬ҶǼ˼˻ԵĴò˵Ҷÿһεתڴгÿһܹ󼸾Ի͡
˻۷Ծͬǿ˼ΡÿһζĴ½Ʒ֮ô飬˻۷֮սҪáΪƻҵǿǳٵġ
屻˻ɵģȻҲ˻屻ɵġÿһĻһֱɻ˷ɹȻʼ˥ܡ
ЩʷӰѾ˵飬Ǹı䲻˵ġ㷨ε죬ûа취ıЩȶʵҶǣʱֻǹֻܹͣĿš
ȻıϵʲôĻȥҲûʲôġ
ÿǿߵʱ򣬶ԷɻתͷҶǿٵĳķ
ǻ국ͻȻҶʿڣͬʱָ·еһط
˳Ҷָķ˹ȥȻǿһͷͷԵɭзʱѰһͷ˶Էػߵһ֥
Ҷλûм쵰Ҳ֪ûУ֪ʲôطȥˡ
ǰԶԶĲôļ򵥵ġΪʱѾǳǻԻ͵ʱУѾǴڵˣȴûһļ䡣
ҶͻȻеҪȥһĴˡ


1008 ̫֮ǰ
ԭѾҪ˵ʣͻȻͣתͷҶڵķһ˫УԣŶĿĹʡ
Ǽ국Ҫ㵽ʲôʱ򣬿ûͻȻˣ˵
ܹǣҶѿڶոպͷ˻֪Է֣ЩΡ
ʣְ֣ԵûеáԷһ£Ȼһ˼
£ҶȷˣĲʣ˵ԼʶǸʡӦ̫ǰ
ңʸҶʵĸо̫ˣޱȵأҶʾ÷ǳĲϰߡͻȻ䣬ҶʷֻЩǸʵˡ
ǵϢ֣̫ǰӡҲӦǺӡôЩһأ߰ɣҲΪǡüͷ룬Ȼ󿪿˵
һ£˵ЩһǲǺܴһȺˣһʱУ׷ʲôȻҶǾʹԶȥˣͻȻ˶ԷĻлҶʿھ
ߣǷǶһġʲͷˣüͷʼˡ
Է飬ҶʲͿˣ̫ˣǼ̫ˡܹĻİ
ҶҲ˵ֱӵǴ˶ԷһεʶӡںԼһ顣
ģôĻۣת˼Σôͳȫһ국ԺһҪݺݵĸµģʿҶʵļ仭棬ʱ͵ˡǻеļһ̫ˣֱһӵͬһȻעǼˣǻǾ÷ǳĶ
ԣ񾭳ʰҰǾʰȻ㻹ôĵĸҿʲôġ
ʵҪˣǿ˺ԼĻ국ӣ˺ԼĵùӡһصҪץˣֱ޷ܵġ
Ǻ˵׷̫֮ǰǿµӡȻȥ֤ȥˡǿҹһûз֮ǰǻðɵˣҪǴǻ˽⵽ԼкԨԴľҪץ˵ġ
ʣúõɱ͵ҶʹЦǳĲȻŹǿٵʱĳԶȥˡ
쵰СӣһҪһʲôúǸ쵰ܹĳǽˡĲУҶǱϾģ˲䴩һȥˡ
̫ǰǿӡ
Ҷ֪ΪʲôЩսѻˡ϶׷̫ǰǿߣķ̫ʱ䣬ûüˡ
֮ǰҶҲǴ̫ͨͨǰʱһǵ̫̫ǰ¸ˣҶʣûа취ͨġ
һǷʲô׷ȥġȻǵļƻôҪǲ᲻Ϲġ°쿪˵Щļ
ǰ̫ǰ£׷ʲôûκ֪ͨΪ̫žĿˡҶ˽⵽鲢ӵġһβΪ֪£ʷĳС
У㣬ǱʲôҪĶ
ôֵ׷ݵһµġһֺܹܶܣֱҶǣһʲôĿá
һŵĿ꣬ҶֱӵǼӿٶȣٵϣܿľ͵̫ŵʱڡ
̫ʱڵĴ½Զķ˿ҲûкĶࡣǴĻסģں˵ޱȵļªġ
ʱĻãԪ棬ǿ޷ǳĶ࣬ҲҪǿһЩֻһЩ򵥵ɵİ취ǼܲסʺãʺҲǳǿ
Ȼ˿ڲ̫࣬ʱǿ߱кܶ඼֮ͨ
ҶǺܿľ͸оһ˿һĲϢһˡһָӵĻӵĹϵϢй¶˳ˡ
̫֮ǰϢҶˣһۣ˱˴˵еľȡ
ǰϢ̫֮ǰϢӵĻϡ
ҶɻˣѵսǰıݸôȻôôŨϢ
ҶǺ׵ľҵһ˿˿սǵֱʣϵҶǻӡ
һʯڣǿ̻һЩӡֻҶЩڼ͵˲Żᴥ
ʯоܣ׷̫֮ǰ
ʯݣּʲݣǺܸʱһ
ǣҪ˵ѾǷǳԵˡ


1009 ʷ
Ļǳļ̣ȴݷḻ
ҶǸһЩĲǱ֤ʵˡȻ̫ǰĶû̫ĻЩͬǲ׷ȥģ֪ءȻ׷ˣҶˣǾ˵ʲôˡ
׷˶һۣȻĵһЦٴεʱĳУ̫֮ǰ³˹ȥ
ȻҶǻûгԶѾǿǰĿռʱĶϲˡһ޴ǵبǰʲôˡ
Ҷ֮ǰĲͬǵ֮ϣһ󶴵ģܹһͨһЩϢ
ǴɽǼһҶʼ˸Ӧһ£Ȼһͷĺߵĸһ𰸡
ɽһսѵĳƺ֣ڴˡǻʵ࣬ʲô崩ɽסֻսѳĺ֣һΣҷǳóƽֵĽơŲһɽ׵
Ҷǿٵĸϣܿľ͸ӦһЩǿߵϢˡһЩϤĲҶǵҲŻ
գ۾飬һΡ̫һ㣬˼ķʱֻ̫ŷֱ֮Ѿ̫öûмˡ
ϲڹ֮ǰǳĺʵֻ֮бһ㣬ǼӲǱˡ
ҶоյĿ˹ȻͱǰһĻ𺳵ˡ
Ͽӿݵģ׶ҪʯĺۼղǵĻʯ䣬صڵϣĵ涼΢΢Ļζ
һЩĴųĻβ͵ĴִĶ˵ϻᷢǿҵıըڵ̳졣
ҶǱһ֪ʲô
гȺǿ䡣ŹŹֵսûǿԪǿҶǲ֪һϵˣѾʧˣ̫֮ǰˡ
ʱǿ䣬Ҷǵ¡ⶼһЩʷӰ죬ͷ˵ݡ
ǰǿߣȫڹһߴħӰħӰͨںڣߣ忴ûй̬壬һһ˫۾ɺ졣
ħӰǳǿÿһεĻӶצӣܹгƬǿ¡ħӰ˵Ǹһǳļɡ
ҶǵĵħӰһЩֵĶתͷҶǣҪֹ
ʱǰһӰǣסħӰĶ
˫սҪɣһǾѧÿһгƬǳǶԾʱΧǿѾеʧ˵ġ
ݣǺֵǿһתǰ¶Ҷǡ°켸˾
ҶʵҲЩĳ鴤ֵǿߣԼһģһġҶǾʲôطһġ
ҶǺ˼ʱǿħӰѾǹ˲°ʮеˡǶûκε˭
ֻǿһӡгһḥ̂תš˸ԣʱĥ̵תԻ
ǿĥϣǼѵĻɱħӰ
ĹͷħӰĥ̺һһ塣ĥ̺ܿľͳһиϢ
ʴ˵ĥͻȻ䱳ѣѾǿ֮ĩǿߡ
ǿҲôĴģĹͷǱʴ˵ḷ̌ȻԷӡʯڵľѪԪһֱķˡ
ҶˣемһʯľʯΧݵʯȺ
ֻǣҶû뵽ʯôµ
ҶʣˡǰекдȺǿҶ
֮ǰľǶ˰ɣǰǿԶԶĿʵ
ȻˣǿӦþǵֵ˶԰ɡҶûлشȺеľ˽ȥˣˣһʲô֣°ǾͲýˡ
ģ׷ѰҶǵսѡҶǣԵ÷ǳĿġһ𣬺ֹ갡û֪ǹ˶õˡ
˵̫ģһڻججתһʱĳ׷Ѱգ۾͹ȥһ
ɣǰһ̫ҪˣҪŪס
ҶʣҶʵ˵һ䣬Ǻþòˡ
ʱǰǿߵӰٴεĳ춯Ƿս֮һС飬Ȼʱʧˡ
ʱҶе˻ʽҵĲ˼Σ֪ʧˣֹͣ
ҶͷˣôԽǿԽŪԼ˭ءΪԼʲôϾͷԼʲô


1010 ع飡
Ҷ𾪵黹ûнܿľͳµĶҶڵ飬ʱҲǲˣһֵֺϢɢ
ˣǵģҶĲиоһְ˵˵һЩ顣
飬Ӧþǰ˵ĳϵġԼе˻ʽ˵ĳеıȽϴһ顣
飬˻ʽֻҶʲܹʹõġֻҶʲܹ߶˻ʽһֱҶʵУһһ
ҶʾͷǴ˵ģԼѵǿߵô
ҪôĻҶŬţʵûдĸ߶ȡҶʾúˡ
֮ǰĻ棬Ҳ˵˺ܶ⡣ķȫҶǽӴǲһġ¥ǿ˲̫ࡣǺܶ˶һֽƼĲȻܹӳǿʵ
ңϵҲȫĳҶǵ֪ķΧ֪ϵҶǵϵʲôĲͬġ
սĻ죬ӦǹġΪķʢаۼȻͳΪǿޱȵа
ǿ໥ϣſаսһƽ֣˵аǿˡ
Ȼǰаˡаɢʴ죬Ϊһ壬Ȼ˰ǿ߸ܵһĻ
ԭҶһֱҪôγɵġ˵ǹģǻΪһеĸ˼룬Ȼڵ졣
Լа˼ȥԸˣȥһеĶԼĶҲԼ˽ģһеĶԼвˡ
ΪŻһĻۣȻ̫ǿ֮ҲˣȻͿʼһֵɨ
ʵһеĸԴԼϡжΣ̫Сһ˽ģΣ̫һˡ
Ҷʣ㲻ǿ߰ɡһеʱǲǾܹǲˡҿҶʺǳĬ̲סʵ
ּ뻹пܵģҲֲǻôʵˡ
֪ʲôǲˡģҲڵĲĶ֡ҶҡҡͷʾԼ
ǵĻܹ˵ʱ̫أתĴ̫Ҷʲô֪ġǵĻҶϵɺҲ̫һˡ
߰ɣȻҵˣҲûȥˡ֮ǰҪǶԷϷˣģǶܲˡǰһ˵ôЩĲƵģôЩĻġ
Ҫ׷ʯ̫֮ǰҶҲôΣյġ
ûΰ롣ȻҶȴĲγɵԭ˽⵽һЩӦԵİ취
߰ɣҲعˡһֱʱĳд󣬾һͣʱ̫죬ԼҪʧˡǸϽĻȥǵʹɡսһߴĺӴĺš
ãͻȥǲ죬һǬս̵ĸšҪǴΪأܹ׵¶ϢϲԸӦѽǻȥˡʱУѾˡ
ҶʵҲѾǺõ߰˰˵ˣҲûʲôͬһȺ˿ٵĶѭҶʱϢ¡
֮ǰҶǾ˵ʱ⣬˳־һΡͬ磬ͬ飬һ˲һ
ʱţʱͨУҶǲ֪ǹȥ˶á
δžˣͲõʱˣȥʲôȷʱȷĵص㣬ֻҪһ˾ϣġ
ǣпܻȥ֮ԼʶһѾǲˣΪʱĹϵ־һεĴҲ˵ġ
ܿģ͵ǻҵʱˣǱǿ߸˵һͨҶǶǾһǰǳˡ
ҪȥǳڣҪͨͨġ
ѲסңҶʸоԵʱһֱǰҶʸסˣȫԪעҶʵڡҶ嶼ǹ⻯ˣ㱻׼
ҶǵˣתģЩǿŵ˲һǸǿҵӡǵġˣҪİ취Ҷǻȥ·Ӧġ
ҶʹҪ죬ȴʲô˵ġ
岻ǰ˹ȥֱǰǻҵĿռһͨ˶һۣȻϽĸҶʵĺ档
࣡һ죬ҶֱǴ͸˳ȥӦϤϢ


1011 ץ국
ҶʲŸոմǿռͨгûü㷢һԼĸ顣оҵĲһεĳٵҶʳ˹Ҷۼ⣬ǳĺ棬һεӰǸŵġ
ҶʵҪˣôǹһôǿҶʲǸոյĳػ߾Ѿ׷ˡ
ҶʷӦǷǳĿٵģǹٵǰһ˲䣬ҶֱӵǺ˳ȥͬʱһĨıóѵЦݡ
䡱ⲻǹƿ
ҶʵϢ˵һε̫һЩˡһȺҵϢǾۼһնˣЩĳܲס
䡱ٴηһξػߵĹˣײȺУ̵ı˿
ҿĸĻ쵰Ȼ͵ϮǡҶʵսǸոյĴҡڵĳֱӾͱˣŪһһʱҳһšһȺ˻ðɣȼˡ
ǿռ˶ǶԼԪܵģûзʲô˵
һ͸ĳײ˴ҵԪϣű˿ġ˲С鷳һЩĻңȻôܵһЩľš
Ҷʾ̫ˣûôĿĹǱӦ֮ǰץҶҶһѣҶʻˮ˴һѡ
ңػ߷Ĺǵֵģֻпˡ˶ԼҶʾЩ飬ڽš
Ҷô˵ҲͶԭҶˡ֮ǰǹĲҶʻûа취ġ̫ͻȻˣҶҲû㹻ʱ֪ͨҵİɡ
תѰϢķ˹ȥڻʲô֮ӰӣͲ֪ʲôʱˡ
ҶҲһͷĶ񺮣ûϵԷܵġ֮ǰһģĴʱǾԲܵġ
ǾҶȺ˲ǺܺõǵģŷǳĹϵģǳѡ˵İ
׷ģг⻹ǵ鷳˵ġǲԩҲͷİȺ˴ĺţһ־ͱԷһоǷǳĲܵİ
ԷȻܵķǳĿ죬ҶʶûиоʱѾ˵ġǶԷϢˣûа취
ǶԷϢȫɾˣһûʲôõġҶǻֱӵɱϵȥġ
һȺʿȫ𾳵ģǷֲ˭ǿ˭ġÿ˶Լרķǿ϶ˡ
վǱѹһҶǿٵĳ𡣺ܿľ⣬Ȼܿľǵڶڡ
ûκε谭ģǶڶҶ˵Ǻֽûʲô׵ľʹˣȻҶǺƺƵľɱ˽ȥˡ
ʶһɨȻеͶ˽⵽ˡػ߲ûֱӵĻصԼء
ʱǿǻᵽԼصıԵĵشˡ嶼ڲĲҲ֪ǺµĻ˷ܵġ֮ǰһǹ̼ˡ
ͻȻӦ𼱻ǵϢٴεĳˣػ߷ǳĸˣֱӵǳ˳ȥġҪֱӸҶһµĺݵġ˺Ҳ˵ģԵǰҶʸŪģҲǾ˵ġ
ػķǳϸȰҶǸŪŪˣȻŪһԷûʲôܹܵˡ
㲻㡣ŶӦ˵вƵģ֮ˣǻһЩԤϵġ
ҶͻȻ㿪ˣȻһȺǿߣЩˡ
һûдﵽӦеЧ֮ûмͣĴˣǳĹϵѡ˳ˡ
Ⱥ̫ˣϢѾѹĻˡ
۸˵ģ⻹û뵽һᱻ˸۸ġ
䡱һĲǿ֪ˣȺ鷳ˡɱڵģȫûи·Ĵİ
䡱һεľ죬ֱǱƷˡҶǲֻһڣ϶һĴˡȫйġ
ţǱߣҸӦˡʶֱЦսвʶΪģֱӾǿǰֱӵǷԴԭӡ
һ͸覵磬һ
ͬ͸ģֻܹһŵػߡʱıԵţɪɪ


1012 
һȺڵľ֮˹ȥˣȻѾѹ̬ˣ˻תȫԪҪǳʲô©ʱ򱻶Էȥ汳ˣľǿ˵ġ
һȺ۾ð̹⣬ʩֶΣÿһĿռ䣬Ȼ󻺻֮˹ȥˡ
ŹǵСܡڴҶѾҪ˵ʱ֮ͻȻĲҶˡ
ҶǶһ㶣֮ʲôʱôԻˣȻ֪˹ĵˡ˭̻أ
˭Щģ֮ǰǺţӵôڿվսİ쵰ҶǵȻǲˣôȫܿƵסСܵء
УҶ°졢Ͳֵ׵ġм䣬ҪҶֵ׵ˡ֮ǰ֮ëϸһĥĲġʱ˵ʲôˡ
ǣǽķϲġ˵ֻҪô˵ǻһ·ġҿһЩļ䡣һЩ׷˭ߣôġȻǷһҲͶˣҲǻŹһİɡʱˣ֮Ȼ֪޲޲ˡ
ҶһͷĺߣǳԱû֮һЩʲôء֮һСһǸոճѧӤһеĶҪȥ̻ġ
û뵽ȸ֮һзǳŨīزʵһʡֱӵľͰһǻ˵֮˸ӵĻķˡ
Ҷʲ룬֮Ի֮ЩΪֺ֮ȻõһЩչˡ
Է϶ǲˣ˰ն顣
֮ô˵Ҷǿ϶Źġ
ˣһȺһ֣֮ľֵŭУֱǰѶԷɵ˵ģʲôû¡
Ӵͣˡ֪˭˵һ䣬һȺ˻ĵЦˡ
֮ڵķ򣬳һڵĿӶֱǴ˻ˡ֮ȻҲƨûзųһȻͱҶǸɵ˵ġ
ɰʵ̫ˡʵ벻Ҷĸ˾ͱһһ׷ӵˡһȺ˵ŷΪ˶Ȼǲð֮۾еġ
Ƕ֪֮ǰҶǼԵʱ򣬿϶Ƿǳѵġһ㣬ǵһ֮ܽӴһܹˡҶܹߣҵˡ
֮ȻֱӵľͱȫɱˡǻһƲӡƮ˳ǸӸߵг˹ȥ
ҶҲоˣȻ֪ǼĲػߵĹؼˡ
Ҷûа취ɢģȻҲû˷ȥġЩ˶ûй񫣬ûгʲôġĵĲǿͿԵˡ
һƵӡҶǵעҲƵĳ˵Ĳ죬΢΢Ĳһ£˽ȥˡ
ҶǵȰȵģⶼ˴ʱˣǾǲĲκε춯ҶǷɻˣ֪ǳʲô顣
Ǻˣ˵İɣɻĿڣĦȭƵģԵúǲͷӡ֮ǰһֵģĶ񫣬Ȼʲôûˡ
ֱɱȥͺˡǰǶǣڵãˣǶŲҼǵˡҲ˵ԼĽ顣
ã̵ɱȥֱӳǾŲ֮ϣšǽһ̵ǵõ˴ҵǿҵ֧֡
䡣䡣䡣
һȺԪӿٵĲڳȥҪһȥĲǿ߹ϼеġ
һ֣֮ǰһĲĸֱӵǱƷ˳ȥġֱӵ½Ĺͨʲô赲
һֱ˶ޱȵ˴ҵǰĲıϣһ˫צԼͣŬĲԼ
ǿҶˣڲϵĲŵġ
Ҳ²ķǳȷǰļˡһȺɱڵˣȻ赲סġһֱϣЩɷǸϿ뿪
Ȼ̫ˡҶѾߵһˣôܻˡ
ɱûйԣߺһҶûȤȥ˭ߺȵġֱӵһӵˣвϵĴһɹ⣬Ͽɾк
Ѫɣ춼ϱ˵ƤëƮɢĲĿռС
һĹĲֱӵıҶȺɥĲ˸˵ġ


1013 ռ죡
ԴˣҶûоʲôģΪΪѾ׼šҪǻޱȵļѵĻľͿԿһ·˵ġ
ˣҶǼûʲôģֱӵǴĲһ·ɱ˾֮ϡھʱ΢һ鷳ǰػͻȻȫˣһɱ
ػ߶ͬһ˼άŽйǸҶһЩ鷳ġ
ϾҶ̫ǿһЩˣȫͲǾŲǿֵܹסġ
ڿǾŲػͻȻ֣ҶһЩĻ֮󣬺ܿĴҾˡ
ڿҪɱʱ򣬻ǳһЩСġͻȻǿϢƿշ˹ֱҶǳ˹
λѣҲһ֮˻ûеĸߺѾȴ˹ˡ
ҶǱѾҪɱ˵ģͻȻֵϢһճֵʱҶҲֲҵģͷϵĶͣһµˡѾһϢľŲǿߣôܵˡ
˭ʲôҶüͷǲʶ˵ġ
죬һԻɫĳиŤڲǳĻңһĹɣศɡ
ʹʼ档Ҳ˵еʹҷֻġֺһˡʲôǵȻһˡҲ棬棬һ֮ҲûʲôһȺͬ׵ǿ߻£Ҫ˵Ѱʲôģ˵Ļľȫʬˡ
ôڲҶһͷĺߣеսѶ֪һǿߡ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ѿ𾳵ΪˣҶǶ֪
һǿߣܶʲô鶼֪ġҶֵôĴģ˼ֲ̫ƫƧǿ͸о˵ġ
Ҳ˵֮ǰǿһֱûҪģֱڣͻȻ֡
ǸǸû׼ãû׼áʹʼЩˣ֪ôĽ͡
ʲôû׼ã֮ǰܹɹʧˣҲȥˡڿǺ˺ܴϣˣʱˡҲ˵㿴˺ôҪһġҶʶΨһʹ˫Ƶ˵˲ˬǡæģҵġⶼҪŪһ·ˣΪͻȻܳˣȻҪµĻɱԷһεˡ
ֻҪ컹ûб䣬صԪûʧĻĻָǷǳǿģŶô͵ĹǾŲǿߵϢǿʢˡҲҶôԭ
˶ЩĲǾŲػʹصѲ֪һЩʲô
㣬ȥסĹһ׵ģ·Ҳõ𿪿˵
֮ǰģ̫ĹȻ˷ֵܵĻġˣҪ˵˭ͻȻֵʹĻǾҪˡ
ҡҡ壬סİʹҪˣԼίһ֣ͱҸˡвʱֵǿҵĲֲǲ֪ģȻûйսҲ֪ⲻܹһԵġ
ȥٸҷϻסҲҪ棬ǻġǰôģһӵĻ𣬲йĻ嶼ᱬըˡ
ʹҪϻҷǳĬĵһ۾ʹˣҧгݵǾŲػ߳˹ȥˡ
ȻҶҲ˵ҪΪ˵ģֻͻȻˣһ˵ģǾЩĲˬ
ʹȥסѾǲĳͷˡҶҲٵĸϣûбֳҪһԹ۵̬ʹһˡ
µľһΣһģû˿ı仯ĻʹһߵľŲػ߶һεȻûʲôˡ
ܿģҶǾͰǾŲǿ߸ˣֱǳִɢˡ
ʱǾҵĲܹһž޴ĺӰڻתġ
ش䣬Ųȫʧ˼һ
صǷӡסˣƵ˼磬˼Ĵǿʱʺˡ
ǴҪٵסͬǾҪ˵ס
ҶǱһɲɿܵǿС貵ǳΧǶתġ
Ϸһ֪˶ٸḥ̂ڻתһЩںڵħơ죡


1014 첻棿
һһڻתиֵϢڲϵĽšƿһУϡ
ʱ죬ڹʴ˴룬ѾǸоֹƽ͵ϢˡѾǸ˵ģѾòˡ
ҶҪĺѣΪҪ졣ҶҪҲǳļ򵥣죬Ȼµ
ʱضǿϢڿٵĽӽ
΢ˣͬΪߣһ֮
ɣˣͬΪߣһ֮
ˣͬΪߣһ֮

һɹ⻹ûг嵽ǰǾ޴ѾǷ˵ġҶǶһ֪ĸػôߴڵġ
ǣҶǵǸ˵ġôǿߵŬһܹɹ˵ġ
λߣһŬ˵ȥ˵Ĳ졣ȻǽµĹƽ򡣡ҶʴһԼߵĥ̳˹ȥ
ĸӦ֮£Ǿ޴Ļתĥ̿ʼҵתһ˲飬ֱûǿա׳ģֲ磬ֱǽǿո˺ΪһƬ
ϲԷŭˣǻصġֻı䶯ܹϲԣĺĵĿֲ֮ʲô˶ܹġ
Ҷʴߣȫûκεıֱ˿ʼȼԼľԪԸϲԣһеһеķõġΪʲôʲôڶԷĻݻġҲΨȼմԼӡľԪܹشϲԡҶʣҲͬӵġ
һĿֲ粻ʱ䣬ʱһŵѪ˿һǿ߱ը˿׵ʧˣûз
ȻǳѰǿ󣬵ûڣֻսһ·ߵˡ
һĶˣһǿ֮⣬ɫĹâǾ޴ĥ̳˹ȥ
ܶǿڴһ֮ľ綼ʼ»ˣϢҲʼ˥ȥ
ûκεİ취ôµĶ֣ҪĵĻǾԵĲԷġֻ֣ڴܹһشֵģǲܹһϣ
顱涼ǾҵĲһ£Ǿ޴ĥ̲㱻Ʒˡ
ؼķǲʱɢơ
Ͼ죬ô׾ܹܵġܿľȶ
Щҵ򣬾ȻҪΥҵ־ǡĥ΢΢𶯣϶ַŭĺ
ĥ̻ߣŵڹⲨӵľˣľۼγһӴںڹ·ǿ˳ȥ
һӴڹ˳ɢſֲϢ
ǸߴħӰſһֱǰǾ޴ĥ̸̽У߳׵ںϵһˡ
ţҶʣԭ㣬Ҿ˵˭ôĵô¡벻һ£ûгɱ㣬ˡħӰոյĻָȻ͸оһϤϢһֱܣȻĶסҶʡ
ڽҰҶһ㶣ҿֵȫһ˫˫۾Լſ˵ô֪ҵֵģ
ԭˣѾǲǴˡΪҲ졣֪֪ҲĴܹ죬ѵ㻹ܹͬʱ߸ôħӰĿһҶʣЦš
ԣô˵ҶһͬħӰĻ
Ǻ񰡡ħӰҲתˣ˵ô㻹ôΪô
ħӰ˵ͬʱֻǴһָվͿʼѹЩ𾳵ǿߣһľȻס忪ʼˡ
ɱ֪˭ٴεĴһȻʼս裬һּ򵥵Ȼе߶ų׳βסе
һȺ𾳵ǿߣƽȥáڽգƵüƴɱԵĹ
һȺȺ𾳵ǿߣƴħӰ˹ȥҪһȭһжͽͣԷ̫ǿ˵ģֻҪϢһ£ܹ˶ѿûһܹġ
ҶʳĬˣԷôײУ⻹ôĴ򡣿ԶԶĹƲ㡣
ħӰ֪ĻģûжҶǶ֡ǲʱĵҶǵֵһȺһȺ𾳵ǿߣÿһζдѪҶǵĶڵѪ⽫ǵ³ôһĶб


1015 ¼Ԫ
ɱҶǲĿսȫ⡣Ȼ󲿷ֶûмҲ֪ʲôģǼȻΪͬҶǾ;ԵûԹ۵ĵ
ҶҲ˳ǽûʲôͬһΣħӰΪ˹Ҷǡ̧֣һӡҶսһѣǾûҶʡ
ȻҶʴȥĹͬûκεЧģֱӾͱԷӲˡ
ҶܣԸԼлҪһЩġħӰ϶ҪĥҶʵģôظҶʵء
УһѪѿųһѤĹʣһ𾳵ǿڵ㡣
кܶߣԽԽٵˣҶʵսѣѾǼ˴ˡ
ҶбʤˣܹʣһЩʲôءҶ˵Լģ˵ȫڵˡ
սûгãиֵϢǳĻҡħӰΪ֮£еǿߵϢͰҶʡ
ǿУֻҶħӰˣ˻˱ǵѪζ
ˣһΣˡ첻档ҡӵǲģħӰҶʣЦţޱȵſ
ֻĥǵ壬ĥǵ־ǧ֮󣬻ǻһߵģһһֱɹΪֹҶޱȵƽǳļᶨ
ǻ˶ãȻǱľˡǧ֮󣬺ңԶҺÿ¡ʱ򣬻᲻嶼֪ˡħӰһµı飬Ե÷ǳĻ
õȵһһˣһܹˡͻȻһмٵĳ˹
һߴʯһֱķˣһŵˣһ͵Ĺ򣬻а˿ǰס
ҶʣȲȢҵһˡһǺܸˣһҪ˿Ҷʣϴ񾲵ЦݣЦ÷ǳĿġ
˿ȫ⣬˱һĹ꣬ȻƮǷˣȻ˼ֳһ壬ҲǿٵǷں˽ȥ
Ҷ飡ҶʾУѧԺҶ飬û뵽ôãȻַʽˡ
Ůںһϵĳȵ¶ȱкһЩٵĳҶʵԺҶʵĲӡǣҶʵ塣
ҶʣΪãĺҪһٵİҲǵ˵廯һ⣬ʯУʯ񱻼ʯƤһһİ䡣һ޵еս壬ؿһ󶴡
޵еսҲǿٵҶʳ˹Ҷʺһˣ̫ǰܹħӰһսҶʳ׵Ĺˡӵս壬ӵļӡǡ
ѣвսˣҶʿе˻ʽ˵ĳǿҵĽи⻮һƬٵķҶе˻ʽΪģ飬ֳΪһܹĿ񽣡
һ͵Ĺ΢΢Ĳ¶һ˿еϢҲǿٵĳҶʣҶʵڡ
ҶʵܿƵĳˣȫʵһжôһжʵģԻʼϵе磬Ҳǿٵƣٲȱһʵ硣
ǿİһǿİҶʵ˵˫䣬һꡣ
֮ǰ˵Ĳɢ־ΪħӰԭȫҶʵߣĳҶеĳУǳϢϵ
ͬʱΪҶʳ׵Ļع飬Ϣ˶ܹӦʶһ鶼֪ҶʲôҪʲô־ƺƵҶʳ˹ϵģҶʵеһˡ
ҶʵϢǿңڲȫͲܹҶʵ塣
ڣȥ˰ɡҶʵ˵ħӰȥ
ħӰˣȻڲȻܿƣԷǿֲϢѹסˡһ̣ҶʲҶʣľ鹩ʥʡһս־Ҷһսôǿ־ܹѹһС
ҪҪɱҡ䣬ԺģҸʲôҾ͸ʲôòãòáħӰˣ岻ܿƵıѹƵˡ
ûȤҶʵ˵ʲô鷳ȻûκεȤġ
һ貵ĽΪϵΨһ
ħӰһڵпʼڶųһĽ⣬ȻȻˡ
һӨĥ̻Ʈɢ˳ͣҶʵϷ
ڣԿˡȻ¶ˡĥ̻ת𶯳һεĲ
£иƨáܹĻҵսѣܹҵİôҶʼƽ۽βܿƵ䡣
İˣսѡܹϣ棬ħӰһôĥٴοڣһֹƻĵ
˵ûȤҪ룬С㡣Ҷ˳С
ãȻˣҾͳȫ㡣ĥͻȻ˵һҶʾĪĻ
ĥ̿ʼɢһƵľҶʵУҶʵںһҲʼҶʵһ𣬱һ硣
̹䣬޾ϢưܵĴ½ʼѸٵĳɫֲ
ڣΪһ壬ٴεĲаһʱĨɱĥ΢΢ĲȻͳ׵İھ֮תţά˼ƽ⡣

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