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1 
ϣ͵˫ۣϴʹüͷʱ
ô£ҲͻƻԪ̫ŵ͵ϮҲӦɢĿƲȴһݻķݣȻʹޱȣȴ֪š
û
һսޱȣ˵ʵѾǼ۷壬ȴҲǱƵʩչͬھֶΣǰǿĹ£ôû
ѵ˾ң
һʱ뵽ܣ˵ʱ̫ŴսĵطЩƫƧδû·Լ
Σܻžͺá¶һ˿Ц⣬ǲ̽
ҵ塭ôᡭ
һ̽Լ壬ɫȴ͵һ䣬壬˺ӣ߻ħģΪǣ壬˵Ǽ۷壬ֻ쾳ûﵽ
ô᣿һǰ˫ֵɴ˫ۡ
һ˫û˿⣬˵ȻĲףȴһ˫ָǳġΪߣޱȵϤһ˫־ԲԼģ
ģô£͵طһ̣ԺļںϣһİޱϤļԺ֡
Ӵļ䣬ͬˮһӿ޴ĳ·ҪƳԺһ㡣
֮󣬽ļ䳹׵֮󣬳ǽüͷչ
û뵽Ȼɫӣ̾һ
ڵѾȷе˵ԭڵȴΪͳͬ
Ϊˣͬг룬ǺºĶӳ롣
Ϊ֮ԭʮźصΪȴһ۰ĸףǳҵԭ򣬳Ȼ츳ǿȴʮֵŬһαΪǿгصĲΣ߻ħһغǡڴʱ鵽뵽塣
ȻЩ޷⣬Ǽһ̫ŵ飬ңҪ˶ãһǵġһâŷһǿɱ⡣
ΪɱԼ̫ŲϧλԪĴܣǼǿߣһ·Χɱ֪ԼţԼٴγǵǰǵɫһʮֵľʡ
˵ѾԪ磬ǲص̫ŵ׷ɱˡ΢΢һЦ
磬ճ֮ǰ˽⣬Ӧν׽磬һһԪ翴硣
֮壿΢΢һЦԭĳ룬Ϊĵľ츳ν֮壬һ̤ԪǿУֵһᡣ
ν֮壬ʵĸ֮֮δʧʵߣٶȽ֮Ѱ߿ϲ٣ǱҲ֮壬ԪΪƽʣԳ˽⣬Ǻ֮壬ҲķȻҲǳ룬ҲԪ磬׽磬ںǳңҪ֮壬̫󣬳ӵȻΪһķѾ޴Դ
ԭ֮ҶԲ׾٣Сôһ㣬ȴЩ鷳ˡϸĲ̽һԼ壬üͷ΢΢һ塣
ԭֻǺ֮壬ķ֮ǰԭˣȴǿͻƺأƻޱȣԼ׵ĸˣҪָȴЩ鷳
ȰС̯ӲɾȻӰ˸ɾ鷳ˡ̾һ
ĵ֮Ǿ콫߻ħƻָ֮飬ȴڿǵˡ

壬ȥЩҩĸȡһҩҵ˸ƽӺͰȫĹ顣
үЩҩģм̫ء鿴ҩҩģȴüͷ
Ϊһ֮ǰļ壬ڲҲżΪĹءһЩصҩģѰˣǲȡõģֻгӵܲȡãǳӵȡãҲǼǡһҩϼصļҩģмֱǹҲ޷ȡ
ںԭļ䣬ЩҲһΪ֮ɫǿ˵ȥһˣȥæİɡ
ù˺󣬳Ǿֱǰҩ
ϣȡһЩҩġҩ뽫ҩݸһߡ
Ұ˴ϣÿһ쾳Ϊҩıϡ
߼룬һ㶣һ΢ЦС밡еΣ
лϹġͷЦŻص
΢΢һЦҲ˵Ŀҩ֮ϣһ̣ɫ΢΢һ䣬˳롣
ţʲôˣǿǲһ̤ԪǿߣߵĿ⿴һʱǷ֣ԼĿ֮ƺһ˿һζ
СԵƬ̣͸ҩƺҲ˲ףæջĿ⣬ʼΪҩ
ϡƺ֮ǰҳأɺϻǡŻߵıӰһ⡣
ϳҩҩȻޱȵϤֻƬ̣ҪҩѾá
߻ħȥĳ룬ϵһâǶһ˿ֻЦݡ
ϢŶһϲ

֮ϣ뿴ǰҩģɫޱȵ
һС˳֮λ̾һ
ڣѾȷһ£Ǿһε߻ħֻɵԭֻлٲϵĹ͡
ǰҩģҲȷǺгҩһ㣬ûʲôҩĳȻҩȻһȴǴ䣬ҩģԵĶһЩǰĳ룬δܹе𣬵Ϊһ̤ԪߣԼҩǺεȵϤС⼸ζҩĵķ֮Чȴ֮һã߻ħɵƲ޷ָأһʹã֮·ķˡ
úݵģĿһݡ
ԭҩʱ򣬳Щϣ֮ǰһֱشУ޴ѹһʼΪֻϹڿԷǹģҪء
Һԩ޳ΪʲôҪأҾʧȥ˼̳гʸҲֲŶԡüͷһȻ󣬵ʵȴǿ֮Ҳûʲô͵ӵܣˣûʲôô
ͻȻǰһ⣬ԺӿһӰ
һһˣҶϳХĵ
ĳҼҲǺǵĳǳүүХ졣ڳļ̳ˣХֵ֧ȻԼӣХȻҲֳ֧֮壬ûʲôᣬΪʵԭʮ꣬ҲǺ۷壬Һֻ֮һ㣬ͳͬһˡֳ֧ͳߣڳγϵԳͶϳХΪ׵֧߿νǲֲ١ϣȻǳХһģȻϲֳֺõ顣
ϳɽѾ֪߻ħ飬¶һܿͻ֪һһָϢ˵ֶΣʱֻܲ׾ˡ˼Ƭ̣ȴ̾һǱ¶âʱ
֮ᣬǾĻᣡһ⣬૵


2 
ңϳХ֮ʢڳХ֮ϣΪǳҵǿߡ
һǿߣǳҴϣĽơ
ڶǿߣȴǳĸף
ϲ磬ϲ磡ϳɽСӣأȻ߻ħǳĶ֡
췢ԣһЦХ죬ʢ֮λôֵĵ㡣һվҪ֮λһ
췢߱ǳҶϣХ硣ںǣ˭˲ʶΪͬһţʢҲ⣬Ĵ֮ϣȻһսλͬӵܣκΪ̫һܸ֮˳Х죬ʧ֮λ
ˣˣڳХ֮꣬ǵȵ˻ᣬȻ᲻ȴ
ǻСһЩѾʱ䣬ҵǺ֮ıľΪʵֻ¶ʱھڴʱһһӳ
ȷǸ鷳Х˵ͷ
ʵ֮ϣҪǳǼ£벻֮壬Ҳûİᡣ
뵣ĳҲһΣЩĴ𣬻һֶأǵȱںҲǼΪɽЦŵ
ĻҲûеХ˵ͷһϣһ֮嶼ǵ߶ȲҲ䵱ҳХӡ
뵣ģղųСҩģҸһϡɽٺЦ
ʲô
ԣХɫ䣬ɫʱһͿ
磬ҡɽ״һ㶣죬ȴ
Х֪ɽôȫΪԼһҲ̹֣һεǳܹںʲôǳŽᣬôڲ𣿡
硭ɽҲǻˣûôֻ࣬һЩ鷳ȻʵҪԸ룬Ͳ֪˶ٴΡ
磬뵣ģȻһЩϣԲΣ޷ѣ£һеɽҧ
ˣˡХҡҡͷȻ߻ħҪʤѾǲܣֻҪһڣҲܱһ
ɽߵˣһЩ£ХҲ˺֧ߵģֻɽڳ룬ǳͳХˣ࿴һ֮嶼ǻ߻ħĺ󱲡

֮ϣ˫һԪ˳ĺϵ뵽ڡƤ֮£һ״͹𲻶ϵ䶯ǰ۳һȭͷС͹
ۡ
ͻȻһţһźѪ˳
˲ǵѪ뿴ŵϵĺѪȴ¶Цݡ
óɽֻǼһЩǼˣ˵һȥҩɾͱ¶Լ֪ҩ顣뻺
ɽҩϵҩļһЩԳԣʲô£ܿ÷ǶԷһЩǲ鷳ϾеһЩҩģ鶼ܶȡãҪԼÿɲ̫ʵ
ǽ߻ħƳ׵Ļָ⼸ʱ䣬һֱڻָ߻ħƣ࣬ûа׷ѡ
ΪĵӻǲҲ֪СЩôġƻָҲǸӵ˽⣬Ƿ֣ӣԤϵĻҪ
˵֮壬ʮȻֻǺصΪټĳҶֻһ㣬ΪҲѹ֮ǰĳðճأȫǱƵ·ˡ
ԪˮʲôȻֻϸһǲƲȫһص֮Ȼʧˣ
ҵ幦ҲһֻеϸҲˣһص֮ȻʧˣҲ˵еϸ޷쵽Ҫ֪Уֺ죬죬ϸǼԪڣߴ󾳽磬ÿһַ־أϸ޷ﵽĹһ̤ԪУֱһǴ
ѹֳҴûеϸߣĲȱҪܹϸǲǹ¡ƲƲ죬ԪˮǲмһˣԺеĹóһԪˮǿ
붼û룬ֱӷ˼ԪˮĴ㣬ȹⱲӿ̤ӱ˵ǵԪ̫űˡ
󽣵䣡
ԺзٵӿֳԪĹ󽣵䣬ںֽһŹǷܣԪҲǴ˵еҲõ󽣵䣬һɢݣвлԪ󽣵ã̫֮ţҲ˶
棬󽣵ţԪ磬ҵõ󽣵ʱѾϸΪҪıޱȵѣδܵõȫ衣ҲǺأδܱ֮ǰߵøԶоâ
˫ۣʼת
һ˿˿Ԫųнĺӿ壬תһ˿˿뵽ĵ֮УɢȥĲȴǿ
ĶţͬҲǿȹԪҲǼΪټģֻЩĹ߼ˡ

Ԫϵӿ룬ϵĳˢųߣ̺̤죬൱ھһϴë裬Ϊ졣ں쾳ǿʼȶĹ֮䣬ҲڸıʡһδεĳˢڵϵųȻ֮壬ԽúôԽ
û뵽Ȼĺôı仯ҲǾޱȣʼʱѾϸΪԺ쾳ߵĺôȻһ֪
߳Ԫ棬ȻܴĹֻǲ֪۷ֱܷת֮壿жһ˿ڴ֮ɫ
һ죬붼֮жȹ߻ħƲ׵ĻָΪҲָܿ˺۷塣

룬ϴθĻǵˣ
죬СԺȭͻȻһͳŤͷһÿˣɫʱ
֣ŲԶ꣬³֡
ǰг֣ǺصߣҲǶһƽմҲЩͻϾϵļ̳ˣû֮ƥʵʵΪ磬ʵȻƲۡ
ֿų룬һм룬úͳϧ±־룬ǵģǿǷٿϵˡ
˻벻һЦҪǲأ
ƽսѵѵĲɫʱһɫ˵
˵ӵֹܽɱȴֹȶڳҸ߲㿴ڲȶú󱲸ӿٵĳɳ


3 ˭Ƿ
Ϊ֪һ㣬ֲŸԼʵȳǿһЩԳ֣ȻһͨӵܵݣʵȳǿҲҶԳ̳˿Ĳ
תһεΪļصޱͷų
룬ҪףûʵʲôҲǣͺһֽ͵һ̤棬Գһ㣬첽Ѿǰ
Ƶһȭһ̶ĺХݺݵ˳ؿڡ
ųƵһȭ΢΢һЦȭͷ֮ʣ΢΢һ࣬˿ȥ
㿪ˣһУ϶һ˿֮ɫ
ֺͳ뽻ҲһεˣڳʵȻʮֵ˽⣬ֵٶȣļ׼˵ӦñܿŶԡ
һвмһ㣬һԾһɨ롣
ǵһεʧһΣּӴ˼ٶҲ죬ȻԾһĻٴγˣһʮıȾȻٴαɵıܿ
ôܣ־ٱ˿̵ҲǷ˲Ծ˵һαܿĹԲܽӶ֡
뿴סĳ֣ƲƲ죬ûʲôܡ
˵ֵʵǿһС磬Ͳ֮ǰĳ룬ͼʶεȵһУͷȻɵıܿΪȻ֣սȴԶڳ֮ϡ
ֵҳˡɫһصȫ߶˫һ㣬Ѿ˳֡
ܵǺصֶʱعһм˵ţǷҲսʤҡ
ֱϾصߣΪڳ֮ϣʱعȻΪһصĳܹв
˭ǷһһЦ˫ȭһ𣬺ݺݵ˳ֵǰ
ҹ
ųĹָûܣֱӻӶ˫ȭӭȥ
ء
ȭཻһͳ쵴
ꡫ
ţһϸ΢һ̣һӰֱӱײ˿ұ۳ֳһŤ״
ôܣ
ֹ˲ұ۴ʹһŵĿŲԶĳ룬ǺصΪȻܸΪֻкصĳ룿һӲӲ֮£˳룿
˵ûʲôܣһƽȻӮʮɣֻԼʱжֵĲԲɣˣ˫Ȼһʹ
㡭ִŭҪ֣ȴֲǰ
ӲӲ룬Ѿһ˿Ӱұ۵ƣ˿̵ʵȫʢ֮ʱɣӲǳĶ֡
һ˿⣬룬ҵţҲô˵ġ
ΣҪҽһֱҲΣڴʱһڳֵı
ֵɫʱ䣬Щηĳ˿˹ȥϧ½㣬ҡ
ŮɫĿһ
ǣǣּæƵʧ˳֮С
ϤŮ벻ӣͻȻŮǱˣǳϧ¡ͬǰʮǿߣʵѾǴﵽ˺۷壬ֻһ̤صĲΡ
ϧ½㣬ôˣ뿪ڵ
ϧüͷһɫõôӭң
ôᡭ뼱æڵ
˵ˣ͹ҵǶһˡϧ΢΢һЦĿڳϣ
һŮţǳ˽꣬ɫҲ΢΢һ죬æʵϧ½㣬ʲôԾ𣿡
ԾȻԾϧɫص
ѵˣ
˻һвһĪԼ飬ǰĳϧ¿ʲôˣ
û뵽ȻصôȻֻǺأʵҲȻԺصΪʤ̫Ծˣ
⻰ͷһһЦҲˣǳִˣȻҿɲĶ֡
𣿡ϧ²ÿɷ񣬱Ͼۼսʤ˳֣ӲӲ֮¡
ϧ¼ƺԸ϶˵ɿڵС룬󲮻û
ϧ¿еĴ󲮣ǳĸףҵڶǿߣصĳ
ҡҡͷԴӰǰ󣬱ûٻ
ȻԼǱϵÿһʱ䶼ԼѰҸıʵıжѣȴͬԷĸԸȫӣ㲻֮壬ǿָ㣬ҲڲźصΪȫ᱾ĩ
ϧµ˵ͷԼλ󲮣ΪѰұ飬ѾǼֲ֡
ϧ¿ǰĳ룬̾С룬аᣬΪ
ϧ½㣬ģҾԲ޸ɫ֣ص
ϧһ죬ݺݵĵһ۳룬ǿڵʲôأ˵Ҫǲֳܱ㹻츳ʵļ̳Ȩûˡ
һ㶣϶ʱһ̣ͬʱҲޱȵƣֻǵһμϧ£ȴ·ǰŮޱȵϤ֮ǰĻ붼û룬ѿڶ
ѵ֮ǰʶܿ뵽һֿܣҲֻܣܹΪʲôϧ£٣ðĸо
̳Ȩ
뻹ûУһǿ쾳ļ壬νļԸûаֵ
ϧ½㣬ģҲʧģɫ֣ص
Ŷϧɫһ죬ǿڵǸҵңˡ
δ䣬ϧѾǷɿܿˡ
Ѿͷܿĳϧ£벻΢΢ҡҡͷһ̣ɫȴ͵һ䣬ҾȻˣֻҪһüļ̳ȨҪϧ飿
һ̣ףΪʲôϧһ̣ͻȻܿˣȻ뵽¡
һУ벻ЩЦá
ϧǳŮ壬ȴǳүүӣԭǴκγȴϵķ˼̳Ȩ
ӳס뿪ĳϧºܿ侲
ôоСЩͬˣϧ»֮ǰı֣üͷ΢΢һȻȻɢŵź֮ǰĳ룬ȫˡ
Σֱ仯СԣǺ¡ϧҡҡͷ˵֮һݣһֱȥʵڳҵĵλҲʮֵΣҲһ¡
С룬ĵķɰɣܵʲôʱϧ¶վ󣡡ųķ򣬳ϧµһ⡣

ŲԶ˵ĳ֣һûãȻܸķ
磬Ҳû뵽ǳ˽թ֮²Ż˴´һҪÿһ
ΰܸ룬ˣͬʱڳһҲǴ
ߡһ۳֣ǿڵ˵ǳҲǺصʵҪʤףǲһٻǸ
磬ѵ˲ɣһʵĿꡣ
ԣ겻Ĭ߲ûܹʤߣҪţʵͲ̫󣬷ʤҲûʲô壬ǻᱻ˵һ˳롣
аţǳҿɲֻһ壬ͬʱҲͳһЦ
˻һֵǰʱһѾĴ㡣


4 
ǰٱ֮ɱ
ȻŰ飬Щ飬ֻ֮·һЩ·ѣһ͡ˡ
ΪΪı֮һߣֻҪ֣¶áȻڽɾ͵ȴǲ֮࣬һףҪͨȴǼΪѡΪһϰߣԴ˸ᡣ
УмУֻǶԽĸоͬʱҲǸ顣߳µʹñУö֮ԱһĸоҲ̺ĸ飬ǽС֣Ϥĸо
нϰ꣬ԽĸȻض˵ڵȴֻһʮ꣬ϰ飬Խȴûжٸо죬ԼõıϤûиоɱзӳʵأ
ҪľԼ壬ԽϤϤһ֡һʮ꣬Ϊأ̶̼ԣǸޱѵУн꣬ѾǴﵽ˽һزĳԣȴôѡ
ѰҪУǲϵԼԽĸջ۴ӶСгһ
Һ߲ͬҵԽϤޱȣȴޱȵİҪֻǿٵԽӦоһңңָǰ΢΢˫ۡ
СԺУվţ·ʯͷһֳֳңңָǰһҲ
һʱ
ʱ
һĸʱȥȻûƶ˿
壬ү𣿡ǽǴһŮСԺеĳ룬
ӦǰɡЩȷ
ȻõĲǽΪļֱ֮һýʵ̫࣬ĸǲ٣ͬģȴǵһμ
£ү϶үЩŬǶšһԣһŮɫ֣ص
㣬֪ˡŮʱͷЩŬǶǿУ˵ÿʱÿ̶ҵ鿪Ц
ҵǱȲСŮˡһºһԵĴ鲻΢΢ҡҡͷ֮ǰͬǻɹַ
֪˵뷨϶һΪȷ֮һλǹǿߣԷǹ֮ҲԼ֮ҲвСİǹİڽϵЧҪۿˡΪ֪֮ı׶ˣʺڶʱС
ͻȻ붯ˣȷе˵еĳˣ
ۡ
һӲĵһĽۡ
ţ鿴ǽ⣬жȻһâ
ʵǺ۷壬ǴŮɱȣһ۱Ƿ֣ǿһж޷ֵĸо
⡭𣿡ĿСԺеϣ૵
Щһֱ룬ԳʵҲǼΪָоܳһصСһϡ
һ̵ĸоȻùе޷ֵعѾ޷ӳϸָܵоֻܹԼĴ֮ϡ
̫ˣʱѾǼޡʹޱȵ壬벻̾һ
ȫƾߵתЧۿֻۡȫƾĸоĴڣĸо
ʱҲû˿ջǿһʱջֻһҪͨԭĽ飬ʵսи޷áȻʱûʲôãȴóҵһݾĽйͨǰĽ飬ܹߵĸ졣
үʳˡһԴ
˵ͷ֮ףȴǲСʱҲǼ͡
壬ұҪһЩġƺʲôͻȻһԵĹ鿪ڵ
ؽ΢΢һ㶡
һĽ̫أϾߵľӯƮݵ·ߣߵֳȴ·ߣؽ߲ࡣ
ţؽҪá˵ͷ
еĳɱУ׮֮жԣǳȴԵࡣ
õġ˵ͷؽȻҿͳǵļ壬ؽԳӵܶȻʲô¡
ļ֮У붼֮жȹҪؽڵ磬͸ˣгû̫ȴ˲һ
֧ŹȻһҪʲôԴֶö뿴һԵؽҲǸпѣǰԪ磬һɢޣһԴֻܿԼȡõĴУ˵ʵۿҪһɳ죬ȴ̫Ÿ
̫ŶҶԣ̫ңԶҪָΪĿһݣ
ΪѾǴﵽ˺۷ĲΣҲʱ׼ء
һڳתһ˿˿Ԫϵıɽ壬

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˵ͷĿ⿴˳ǸƤ꣬꿴ͲȴǼΪĿ࣬ͭɫļ⣬С
С˼үƤ깧
ĸģ൭
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˵ͷʯ䣬ںǵĲ֮Уʵ㲻żҲһЩų֣û㹻ǵĳɳȴǼΪޡ
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˻һƤĺʱüڼǿǳΪսÿһǺ۷ϵʵǳӵܣֻмĲ߲ܽ룬ܹڼһĽΪҪǣֻҪڼڵĲܵҵıӻκһ˵ž޴
Ƥ̰ݵڵأһ˵үģСһô¡
಻ÿɷĵ˵ͷ˻֣Ƥһȥ
СУȥƤ꣬ü
磬бûʲôţҪҵܹԸҲ࣬ʯѾ֮ͬˡʵһҪǿһЩԿȺ۷ߣӦʯ׼ڼġɫЩε
˵ͷԸ룬Ȳ̫ǿߣҲ̫ߣϾǵĿĲΪ룬ǴšͺñСܣӮ˵Ŀ϶˳ݣСͳ˴ܣӮˣڱ˿ҲֻԴС
зڣ뷭ʲôģǸһЩ鷳ˡ൭
һ򣬾һȻЩֳ츳һֱܲһȴ˿Ĵ⡣ĳХ磬һ֮ʧȥ˼̳мʸǾԲٷ


5 ̨
һԪϵӿ뵽ĵ֮УתԪӿ뵽ھдС
ÿתһ죬ǾԪһ֣ŴѾγһƵľų죬ǹɺƵľźصƿ
䡫
ֻоԼڴһͳըװľ죬һ̣ڵľ͵һ𣬰Ԫٵӿ뵽ĵ֮С
˺صƿȴû˿ͣµ˼ٵתڵת
֮󣬳͵غһ΢ŵ˫ۡ
أܵڵб֮ǰ׳˺ü¶Цݡ
ĳΪ˳أΪļ߻ħǴﵽ˺ء
ӿϷ·òȻغȫʢ֮ʱû˿Ŀɱԣʵóһ󼤶
ͻƣ֮ǰһЩҲǻָˡ
ǰĳûʲôָ㣬ȻԴΪ츳·ϻһЩˡЩˣһγͻƵأҲǻָˡ
ϴëЧƺ֮ǰúܶࡣʣüͷ΢΢һ塣
ͻƣÿԽһС磬ὫڵһЩʱƳһֱأڵĲ࣬ܿ죬ⱾҲһϴë裬ΪĹ̡
ϴëЧΪʲôôãҲֻܹ棬Ͼ棬ԪҲ۷ǿߡ
һϴ֮󣬳뻻һɾ
үͻˣСԺУ룬æ
óͷɫʱүҪ֪£϶ʮָˡ
ҵһԺһӰ
ӳ𣬳һĬԵˣôʱ䶼ںǣں֮ΪѰҸıʵı
ԵΣգһɳ죬ʬ޴棬ߣںеҲ֪ж١ʮϧһеΪѰұȻӽ࣬ȴܸܵŨŨĸ
룡ڴʱһ̶˳˼
ˣɫ̳֣㻹ʲôѵϴĲ
ֻǺصĳҲ֣ѾǺصĳ룬ȻӲ˿η塣
ߡɫһ콻棬һϴ㣬Ҵˡ
⣿
벻мһЦ
ųһмȻŭޱȣȴǼǵһǰɲΪĸ˶Թ
һƵĿŲԶĳ룬ﵭ˵ţ룬䳡Ǳ̨ɸһԣ
ࣿ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ʵǺصߣ֮ͬиǰʮĴڣҲǳһΪᶨ֧֮һ
кβң뵭ȻһЦ
үһԵĹ״æȰ衣
ض˵д㡣뿪ڵ
״ȻżȴҲ֪һ˾Ͳܸıˣֻ벻̫ҡ

䳡ĿյһΧ̨̨֮ϣһ
г̳һĽӰԶƤϮȥ
ƣϮĽӰƤ겻˷йͷһ𣬱ǺݺݵӭϮĽӰ

һĽӰɢȥгһһ˿˿Ѫ˳Ž䵽̨ϡ
һ򷨣ʯȫӲӲĴ򷨣ȴǽȫ˳¶ЦݣʯʵȷǿȺ۷ߣԸںʲ
ţˡͻȻĿһݣ˲Զֻͳһ
룬ˡЦ
˻һΧ۵꣬Ŀⶼǿ˳ķǶ̨֮ǰıԣֻǿθ˶ѣ̨Ŀģǳų̳˶
룬ôˣӰ첽ǰһü
ѵóңҾˡЦ
㡭˻һһԵļ˶Ƿ˷ۡ
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İɣзִ硣Ҳ֪⼸ֻǹ̨ʧӰ쵽֧ߡ
࣬ôȣĿ⿴ࡣ
ܼ򵥣Ӯʯ󣬱ӮעϹأʮڽ𡣡
ԥһ£ڵע̫ˣʮ顣
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üͷһҪ֪ЩӵܣһҲһڽѣʮ൱롣
ãʮʮȻҪڽңֻȴ֮ˡ΢˼Ƭ̣ЦŴӦȻ֮ǰиеһ˿ɻ󣬲ʶʯʵųܹսʤʯ󡣱ʯֻǺصʵɾϳҪʤʯֻҲ÷ѵ
У
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һһסϧµ֣ӿϧ½㣬𣿡
ҵȻ㣬ǡ˵ϧµɫһ䣬Ϊ
˵ͷһ֣صңҲʧ
˻һϧ΢΢һ죬૵ʧ֧ˡ
뿴Զĳ࣬ڵ࣬Ի𣿡
ԣһ㶣һϲȻȻ
ӳϧµڽıܼܲȥѾûжİգ˭óϧվڳһԼ߳ȴǳϧµ׷ߣϧµʵ֮ϡû뵽ǣȻҪԣβġ
Цɣ޵ʱ򣡡һϲɫĳ࣬Ұһͣʮڽ𣬿ɲʲôСĿ
һ㣬Ծ̨
ϧ½㣬ôų룬ʵʯĶ֡ۼȻ̨һЩԹ
»Ҫ̣ϧɫһĿ˵ꡣ
ɫʱһףæϧ½㣬Ҳǡ
Ǽ̳ˣһʱ㲻һûϣЩҲδһǵѡ񡣡ϧ¿̨ϵӰ˵
οڵĳѾǺصΪδػ䣡ϧͷǼǵõԺصΪʤ˺صĳ֡صδػʯ
룡
ʯ󣡡
̨ϣӰͨսһ
үˡʯͺһ˫͵һ̤棬Ծ첽ǰƵĹͷݺݵĳųͷ¡
ʯȫһҲ˿Ĵ⣬ǰʯѹɱȵĳǿ˲֪١һΣסϮĹͷ
ء
һͳը޴Գ²ŵŵ˿


6 ϵĽ
ֻһ֣Ǵ·磬ıƴȻʯ
ǿŲԶʯɫҲǱʯΪʵһֻǺضѡʯϣȫȺ۷ߡ
ܺӲӲҵҵս飬Ϊͷ
ıƴʯĶ֣߱ԣɲֻռƾܻʤġ
һ㣬ɿĺʯ˾롣
һУʯܿǻعٴ˳롣
֮ǰľ飬ȻɵʯӲһʱ䣬ʯȻ޷κε˳롣
أ룬صĻѹ֮ǰ̨ϵӰɫЩڸʯӲÿʯȫܿȥɾ鷳ˡ
û뵽С룬Ȼܹôą̃ϵĳ룬ϧɫҲǶһ˿֮ɫʯʵҲ˵£е֣ȻԳЩģֱ˿̣Щŵƽ
ԭЩΪܿͻܵ꣬˿ҲǾȵĿ̨ϵĳ룬ͬδܹʯмôʱ䡣
룬ѵͻ𣿡ڴʱһ̶
⿪ڵĲǱˣǳ֣ۼʯıûнҲǼˡ
ȻˣҾͲˣ΢΢һЦһ㣬˷Ȼֱӭ˳ʯ
벻ɵ˰ɣ
ϵһĻ˶סˣ˵֮ǰһֱʯĹɺôʯҲóû޲ǡڵã뾹ȻԼ˹ȥⲻԼ
ʯҲûϵʱķӦȴǼΪѸ٣йͷһ˳ĳ롣
ˣ
ǾԽԽĹͷв̾һѾԤһĻʲôӣ
ᣬСһ䣡ֻгϧһᶨ֮ɫֻһĽȴǽеǱ¶š

Ľһ̨̣ϴѵһ
ˣǰʯ󣬳뵭
ˡʯһãȻĽ֣ûô£ֻдһ𣬾Ȼƿزסֶ
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һз̫죬Щ׷ʲôʯѾˡ
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ʯʵȻȴһ㣬͵öǼΪĴǳֻҪҵʤԷֻҪҵɲô׵飬ϾǱԣԷͣңҵܲһ¡һĹ򣬳벻ҵʯͬʱʵսóɾͲһ
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Ҿ֪СһӮϧµ¶һ˿Цݡ
ԭɥĳһ֧ߣ˿Ҳ¶ЦݣʵǶĹ衣
һ۵Ŀų뽫ʮڽһһߣݺݵ˵ʮڽҲ³
θڴ󣬳Ų΢΢һЦ
룬ҸղŵȻЧֻҪӦڽܷ࿪ڵ
뿴ǰĳ࣬һЦ浱ɵǺأǺأҺԣ
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ֻϧ뷨ǺõģȴϵʯʵȻԷΪ÷̫ǳǻ˳ӵܣɾͲôˡο໹ͬǰʮţϰս飬ڵΪȴֻǸո̤ضѣԸ̤صĳûʲôʤ㡣þյĵǶġ
̨ԵĽܿǴңһʼֻͬܿҸ߲㶼֪¡
ż̳ͷεĳ룬Щһֱƽĳӵ֮кۣһξȻ̨Ӯˣò˴۾
Ҿ֪үүĶӣôܲˡ
ǣүں˭˲֪պգĶӣôƽ
һʱ䣬óڳڲдԣһֱڲ׾Ϊľʮĳһˡ
Ϊ˵ĳ룬˿ȴͬƽһС
СڸʲôֶΣУһ߿СԺеĳ룬ȴü
۽磬Ȼǿʲôá
ʱֱڵľǷʱѾԸо˺ôȻδﵽۻʹĵزĶЧѾʮֵԡ
ôоˣоƺ˶Ŀ⿴䴦ȴտҲûߵټ
𣿡üҲǷ֣Լĸ֪ƺѰǿϲ٣ȻֻǺصΪ۸ֻ֪ѾǴﵽΡ
㱻֣Сʲôʱ֪Ҳôˣвٵܰһâһ̣ѾǴԭʧ

ɽ·ĳͳˣɫޱȣ²࣡
ˣͲҪСˣҲСХ絭Ŀڵ
ȥɡɽ͵
뿪ɽǿ˲ԶĳХ磬ڵ磬СӲûΪҩ
Х˵ͷûие̫ȣʵɽᵽҩҩȡҩʱ֪ɽʮа˾ûáҩȻǳԳ֣֮ȻˣҪҩĵķҩг룬Ҳʲôֵ¡
ȻγЩçײھֻвһʱ䣬ѾʲôХһƽ˵
ɽ˵ͷһ󱲣ɲһ飬봫֮壬Х߱ȫʮŬô׸ıġ
磬ǳǱߣɽԥ
˿ţʲôϢ̻رХ絭
ǣɽͷҲʧȥ̳ȨԳХĴڿû˿̳ȨĿܣХҲٴ⡣


7 ĳХ
ҹĻ٣¹⣬͸ڳķڡ
ϣϥһ˿˿Ԫĺӿ뵽֮С
ƺҳҵԪˮڰУһ˫۾ĶŴϵĳ룬оâ
ʱһСһˡ߿˿ķһ̣һ֮ʧ
ûע⵽ǺڰеĶ˿̵ȫĵ׽磬Ԫ磬ԪԱȲԪŨޱȣҪָΪҪŬԲȵ١
ԳץÿһÿһɲصԪʱЩѾ˻
һҹĴûóе˿ƣеһʣܹоһҹеһ˿
С룬һˣҪ㡣ڳ͹˳緹ʱ򣬳ϧȴǿ첽ĳСԺС
Ҫң
΢΢һ㶣ǵĳǳҵļҲүүЩӡֻڳӡУΪһ֮ĳХ죬Ǵûеļϴμ棬ǳǰʱ
ȻЩƳХΪʲôʱ뻹æųϧ˳ڵһԺ
СԺУһʯԣԱǼźڼ׵ߣǳҴĺڼ߱ǳҵХ죬ƿĴڣ
ȥɣҺСġ߿ڵƽ֮ȴ͸һλߵѹ
ƿһ֮Ͷ֮һ֮ȻХĻǶų˵ģȴҲǸеһɵѹλջ۶ѹ
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ХһнģЦǲǺܺүүΪʲôᵥ㣿
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ʵʯԵʱѾˣϧСѾͷ֪ͨҵġХ쿪ڵ
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ХĿⶢţɫʱЩȻͬʱҲǰԺڣ֪Բַʽսʤʯ
Ϊһ㣬ҲûǼ۲ʽһǵһμȴ֪ЧΣХ컺˵
ԣʱЦѹ֮ǰоʱֱ͵ĸоӦþǳХˡ
ЩҳԾģҳԾǣĹƺҲҳҵԪˮХ쿴Ŀ⣬ʱ
ȻǱˡ
ХĻ̾һʵڿʼʱ֪˶ãֻû뵽ôͱХ췢֮֡ǰѾӦ֮ߡ
һڵĵȷԪˮ

Хһü书֪ж٣ҲûУȴǵһ
ʦ𴫸ҵĹ˵Źʺ
ʦ𣿡Хǰһûлɹ뱳˵Ľ̵뵽ľԼĶӣֻǳںǡ
һ֮ǰ뵱ǽԼ׼õ˵˵˳
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˵ʦѾ뿪ˣХüϾ̵ǳʼնû˼˵û˿ǿ϶Ǽٵġ
뵽ǻ˽ȻΪһտڰ׻óХǼʵ˵Ҹ㲻λǰĵӣֻǸһʱѣǰ뿪ʱ˵ǽټŻӡ
ŶХԣеǹȻ˼֣ϾʵʵԷûʲôĿģ룬ҲǶԳж
ˣүүʦ뿪ǰ˵һｻ㡣ƺʲôƵãæڵ
šХһ㶣ȴû뵽δıߣȻԷͼ
ʦ˵Ԫˮһٴ֮ˮľ֮Ƶϸ뿪ڵ
Ƶϸ
˻һХɫ䣬磬Ȼ̤ϸǺεȵѣرǳҵԪˮȱȫôṳ̂ϸ˿̣Ļȴ·ǸХһţһͨϸĴš
⡭Хɫﲻϵٴ֮ˮľ֮
ûХЦԪˮͻϸĹؼ仰ڲ͵ĽǳҲܵԼϸǿߣ
ХǼģҲһԪˮͻƹؼȻġȻΪʵԭ򣬳벻֤ȴһȷķ򣬼ϳô˵Ļۣܿͻҵȷ·
С룬ʦɻ˵ЩʲôХæ
ʦ˵⻰֮󣬾뿪ˡҡҡͷڵ
Щ̰ˡХЦһǵǿߣԸָһ£ѾǿڳϣԶԷ׾ָԪˮͻϸؼı£мںͺʲôӴ
˿̣ڳλصʦ𣬳ХѾû˿ĻɣȻǺİûǿܹϸĹΪԸĵز
С룬ʦǡХ˿Ҳ侲𣬵ڣʦŶ֪
ʦԳ棬Ҳôҡҡͷ⻰ǲ٣棬˽ĵȷֻ֪࣬ŵĵһԪΪ۷ǿߡ
棿δХ̾һ
һԵĳ밵ԺЦҪǲŹˣ׽ˣ
飬κҪߣҲҪ˵ХɫͻȻʦ𴫸ĹһҪѧʲôҪֱҡ
ͷ󽣵ܣȻױ¶Ϊ󽣵䱩¶ű̫ŵ׷ɱĴԲٷڶΡ
ۼХûԼҲæ뿪
ҳҵһλᣬֻҪҳҵϸǿߣǳںĵλȻ١Хɫһâ
ȻͳǿĳĽƣҲضѡ
ϢǱ¶ʱ򣬷ҺǺܿܳΪʸ֮ģرľǣ뵽ХһɱȻ뵽ľǣѾǶɱ
ҪǣС롭Хһ˿ʹ֮ɫ϶һ˿Цζ뵽ǿСӰɣȵСʵ㹻ǣ


8 ʱ޶
ڳХδԪˮ飬벢ģܹںô꣬Բֻ֪еա
ԻصСԺĳ룬ǰͰĿʼԼÿʱҵĸ߲㣬ȴը˹
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׺£ҪǾŴڴˣѵǰжμ֮λХ翴׵ĳХ죬Ц
Х΢΢һЦȻ绹ĬѾ꣬嵹ҲӲʣǰжΡ
ߣ٣Х첻ѣ֮ˣ巽Ȼǲʲô⡣
ߡХһͳХ첻ԸڳҲʲôܣÿ棬˶Էɫ
ХĿɨˣɫص˵ټңйҳĴ£
Ĵ£
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ˣʲô£ڳĶûСһֱ˵ɣХ
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»ǽ˵ɡХ쿴ԵߣǳҵһǿߣĽơ
ǰЩӣҺХõʱͻȻһϵƤйԪˮϸļءĽƻ
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˻һɫ͵һ䣬Ѱֻ֪ûϸҵĸ߲ȴܹͳһǵļ壬϶ֹϸǿߡԭĳҲͬϸǿߣֻǺһޱ䣬Ԫˮʧ֮󣬳ܹ̤ϸ
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Ԫˮһٴ֮ˮľ֮ƵϸĽƵ
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ͻ֮ǣХһ֮У˳ĽƣΪߣ˻оԼڵ΢΢ͻϸĹؼ
˵ĴȻХô󣬵ҲһЩȻһ仰ԪˮͻϸĹؼڡ
仰ҳҪ˶þܵԼϸǿߣɽһ
һ˳ǣҲиֵ֮ģЩϸĳǳΪǿ󣬵λߵģξǺϵϸĳǳأڲҵĳǳء
ȷҳҵһλԵͬҲһο飬ڲǸʱҪԼϸδԸХ
˻һ˶ʱһ˼˼Х˵ĲⲻֻһλԵҲһο顣
Х쿴ˣ˵ʮǰ£λǵãҺʹ֮󣬾ԪˮͻƵϸ飬ǳûϸ֮ǰй
˵˵ͷ飬ȻûǣҲһϢǳҿ»Ϊܱ߼ж
Һʹ飬ԶԳӵܿԪˮΪﵽϡХĿ⿴˳Хķ
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Х綼ͬ˳ХľҲǱϻͼһͨ
󲮣ζлˡȥХһмĿԵĳĽƣҪǳĽѣݣ϶Ҫ¶
˵Ҳ̵Ľ̾һƺ뵽ʲôĬƬ̺󣬲ǿڵпվСãԴӵǴ֮Ҷûô
ǣХԼ
Ľƣҵĳ۷ĳǴϵĶ֣ϵķۣХҲеˡ
÷һУȻ֪˿̵ոսе
ʱҵ壬ѾϤ˽Ҫʼ似ˡؽѾ˽ļƻ
еʱڵѾһޣʣµֻܲϵĻ۲ɱ䣬ⲻǶʱܰ쵽ġʮһĳ룬ŲòԼĿͶ似֮ϡ
ѡ
ԼԺʺԼ似֮ʱСԺͻȻһ죬һǱӰײײĴСԺ֮С
ͻȻСԺͷɢӣͷȴǿһ
ǰݵӣǱˣǳҵڶǿߣصĳ
û°ɣ첽סæ
뿪Ѿдʱ䣬˭ŸջȻģҲΪĵġ
С룬ûáʮȻҲʻָıЦһһԳ
ʵҡ
ΪһĳƺʲôɫͻȻһ䣬˫͵شڳϣһӿ뵽ڡ
أǺأôܡԼӵ츳Ǳʮֵô̵ʱ̤ء
塭Щ˾Ȼûˡ˼Ŀǰĳ롣
С룬ʱ䣬ϵ׷ʲô飿عæ
ǽ֮ǰԳХһ˵˵˳ԪˮϢȴ
áãҾ֪ҳĶӾԲƽϲ૵Ī룬㿴ǵĶӣһΪҫ۵ţ
Ī룬ĸ׵֣Ҳ˵ֻǳδԼĸףеֻһ·ء
ۿһ죬ŨŨĸĸо
ˣԣֱ鵽Ƿֿ

ҹó뿪󣬳ǻصԼķ䡣
ǰĹ飬飬Ҷˣ
ʮꡣ
ǰʮꡣһпС룬㿴ųģԺ󣬾Ҫչˡ
ˡԣɫʱ䣬æڵ
ҵʱѾ޶࣬ԭǴƴһϣҲҪСѰظıʵıԼȴԵҲ˽ΨһǣҡһƽȻҵʱ޶ܼ࣬һʱ䣬٣ܹСꡣ
ˡ˫һ죬һ
˭뵽߳Բʮĳȴֻһʣ²һԪˣǺεȵķ̣


9 Ľ
Ĺûи̫Ĳ˳ˣˣƺϰ˳ڳҵΡ
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УһݵӰеĳϵ趯һ׺Ľʩչ
̶һµʱ䣬ȻܹСڽ̤֮ŵĲΣʦ˲áǱеΣҲǾȲѡ
ҲߵĽڽȻޱȵϤıԽϤ̤߲ǽţζûﵽżû
ȻѾǿԽΣǿʮеĳɹֻһ¶ѡ
һĻʩչϣս
С룬ոմ֪ͨҪ㡣첽ߣڵ
ϡ΢΢һϣǳĵһǿߣҲǳ̡
ǺԪˮйءֻ˲䣬ǲ²⵽ټĿģܹôģҲֻ¹سܷϸߵĴ¡
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ɣյһϵѾĶ
Դˣ벢ûе֣֪ȻѰĺǿصĳĽȣȻС
ʯۿȥǴʯܣʯϡϡİڷһƤ
似ǰһҲõ
ʯڣڷŵƤ࣬¹һ£Ҳͼپѡ
봩ʯܣһĿյأԶĿյϣһ
ϣһ
ǰ֮ˣǳҵĴϣĽơ
ĽĿ˳һԵͷǺСʱмơ
Ҳ֪һν°ɣĽƳ
˵ͷټСӣӦΪԪˮɣ
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ء
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һȴû뵽ĸʱѾˣѹ֮˵ĻȽɵİˣ˵׽ĳңԪҲǼΪ鷳顣
ǳЩͣΪѰұҲֻ΢һ³ܴӸ찵ˡ
찵ˣһâ
ϣʲô˶֣
Ҫ˵ĸڵĺӣи֣Ҳ˵ĸ׻ʱˡ
֪ġĽҡҡͷԸ˵ʮǰ£·Ŀǿ⺮ҵȴҲͬ١
²̫â¶չۡĽƳ̾һ
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չۣһЦļʶڳĽ֮ϣ磬Щܾܱܿġû̫ţ󻹲ñ̫׷ɱ³
ĽƼû˵ΪѾԭǴ̵һĽУڿĽѾţҪԼˡ
ĽƲߵĽһ·Ȼľ磬ǽ֮ҲָһЩ漰̫Ķ㲻ˡ
ǷȱľΪΪȴһһϦ顣Ľƿų룬üͷ΢塣
Ȼڳָˮ׼֮ǰʮ꣬Ϊ찵˵ԵʣѾ̫࣬ʱںֲ
һƿʺϺʹãӦöЩĽƽһöµƿݸ˳롣

üͷһԪȫûҪĵҩڳңֵҩȴǼΪѰĳӵܣһҲδΡĽƵݸƿ֮УȴǷʮ
ҩվһлҪԼĽƳ
˵ͷΪȻס
һл󣬳뿪ãǰ뿪һӰǳ˳ĽƵԡڴˣȻܹϳͻȻֵӰǱˣǺХ졣
£ûɣХ
ĽƳĬƬ̺󣬲ǿڵûУƺµһЩ
⺢ӣЩĿ࣬˺ܶࡣХ̾һڳϣܹܵһɲ͵ĳȡ
ĽƵ˵ͷ⺢ӵ飬ǾͲزκˣˣ
ϴθأֻʣһҡХ̾һ
ԣĽƶʱĬΪһţõĳȴ˵ز
󲮣Լо飬ô򵥣µı»ˡХͻȻ
˻һĽȴǿЦ֪ΣһľǣǶκβãˣӲܹǵġ
Хһɬ֪˵Ĳ㽫ȥκβöԷ˵ĻҵȴǳХһܹģΪһ֮͸֮Ĳ
ûʲôҪ飬ͲҪңҲҪ׼ԪˮϸĽһƽ
Х˵ͷҪ˵ڶ֮У˭лͻƵϸɾǳĽƣһĽƴﵽϸǳҵξͻһˡϸȴô״ﵽģ˵ҵԪˮȱֻһŵķ򣬾ЩӵϸҲþһܹϸǿߡ


10 ϧ
ȥ·ϣҲһֱ룬δĸ׵ĵʲôˣ
ܹúңԸἰˣԷԲڳ֮£ܻڳ֮ϡ
ںҲ٣ͳԳͻľôҲ˵⼸еһ߼Ŀһݣһâ
⼸Ҳͺ൱ûһǺǵġ
磬վʵΪڵʵ˵̫ű𣬾ĸ𣬶ԶԶҧҧʵʵĸڣȱľʵ
һʱ䣬붼æµ֮жȹٶҲ˲٣µʱ䣬ڵѾ˽һﵽ˺۷ĲΡ
ʱ䣬ĽҲǼ죬żҲָһ£εָȴóʧȥ£Ϊ֣Ľˮ׼֮£ͬʵܿܲǳĶ֡еԾǣսʶ·Ǿĥ¶սʶҪߡ
治֪Сʦ𵽵ʲô̶һµʱ䣬ȻСĳɳһп
ΪǵĵһţĳνͷںһЩϸҲϾϸԽ̵Ҳһµʱ֮óı֮
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⻰ֻԺдһ죬˶סһץסɣ׷ʵϧ½ôˣ
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ϧ½㣬ǧҪ£ǧҪ¡һ֮ɫвš
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ء
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һ̣ϧ±ǻعָ̨ǱΪӵĳ壬ص߶Ƕ֣οǳ롣
С롭
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˲ɣȻ˼ŭ壿
ɲǣǳǷӣǼ̳ˣ岻ɱҲٲƤ֮ࡣ
ԭΪıˣû뵽ô֪ߵغ񡣡
µ궼ҡҡͷȻǿ˼ŭ壬ʲôǵľȫŰ
С룬㵽ʲôϧ̨ϵĳ룬оǵ֮ɫѾЩóϳˡ
ȻôϲᣬҾͳȫ㡣ͺһ͵һ̤棬ʱ粽ѾǰеĴֱӳųǰ£ûκεĻڡ
ųĳ壬벻˿Ĵ⣬˲߶ޣгһƣסϮĴ󵶡

һĽը޴ֱó˿
Ȼסˣǽֻ˿ĳ룬˶סˣҪ֪Ǻ۷ʵһ֮£ѰĺߣҲδܹ׵ĵס
ҵҪܵסΣһУɫһдһΣڴ

һǽͳ첻ϵһδεıײˣĹȴǱεĵ
ˣ
һʼ߾ǵ³ιʱ˶Բʲô
Ӧþļ˰ɣŲԶĳ룬һЦ
˵ʵܹסԼҲǼΪĳԾ
˵ʵվ̫ǳþֶΣҲ޷ежȥιҲǵ˼ޣס˫Ѿ΢΢Ĳƺгʱпܵһ㡣


11 
ȻȫǶ֡
ϾֻǺضѣܹ³弸Ѿˡ
ֻϧһܡ
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С룡ϧ̨ǵݵӰɫһ˿֮ɫҲãҵʵ޷С룡
룬仹üҲˡŲԶĳ룬˵
䣿Ȼܣ
Ȼˣɾ͹ֲˡ
ɫһһ˿ŭ֮ɫԭһ̨£Ȼ飬кɫŹ֡
ϡ
͵һ㣬ڳǰһ޴ĵ룬·ҪƳǰһ谭һ㡣
ɽͫһ
ס
ųȫһ벻˿дڵȫ߶гסµĴ󵶡
顫
һը촫ֲԽ屻Ǿ޴ײֱӷ˳ȥ

ۿǷ˳ȥĳҪˤһĽȻըȴǳݺһ̨ϣסΡ
⡭
̨ǰţó֧Ĳ̨꣬һʱޱȵİ
˵Ԥ֮УǲԶµĳӵΪ֮𶯣ݵ壬ɽһ㣬вһ˿֮ġ
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ء
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һδαˣȴٴγ̨꣬µжһ˿֮ɫ
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ڵΣ˭óǳĶ֣ȴѡ˺ȳ֣ȫϳʱദϧųԲ˲ǵ
ء
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顫
һ죬ٴαˣȻϵһĻˣȻҲ˿
⡭
һĻһ㵣Ҫֵ֪ڣһֱϷ磬ȫѹųȻڳܵôεĹ֮󣬳Ȼˣôܣ
쿴ͻƺˣ
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ӵͻƣ鲻ûУȴΣޱȣֻҪвأͻʧܣ߻ħҲûпܡ
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һΣŭˣú۷ߣȻóĸܹһС
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룡ΪͻƵأͿԺᲢۣҵĶ֣Ҿķڷ
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ǳĳ壬΢΢ҡҡͷڵ߶ޣһ̽һӭ˳Ĺ

һĽըһą̂ϣǱģǳеĴ󵶡
ıˣ
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ô᣿ǰĳ룬ȻûзѿĻڣ˵һɺϣôڶʲô
˵ĵͽΰˣ뵭˵
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㡫ŭȴ޷粵αƵɽѾһ˿Ӱ
αԣˡ뿪ڵ
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ҵҪˣ̨ĳ룬һЩԴĳˣжһƽϡ
ǰĳȻż̳˵ݣʵС֧߼٣ڳչֳԽʵϢһڲȻһ𵴡


12 
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޷ֻһЩƤ˰ˡҡҡͷ
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֪Х˿̵Ĳ룬϶пХʵ̫ḻˡ
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ԭвĳ룬ͻȻչֳǿ츳ʵǴһֲ
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Х֪Ϣ֮ҲǼѡЩ˸٣ʵСһȫ֧šһȥһܿΪҵͨӵܣڳչֳ츳ȴóХ쿴ϣԼһΪƽӹ
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ΪЩᶨֳ֧ߣչֳʵ츳Ƕ֧Ĺ衣һЩԭҲЩҡϾ붥ţֻҪʵﵽ˳ĳΪһ
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ļ֮УһϵڵѾȫָ⼸ʱУҲյùĦһЩľ飬ЩѰĽȻ֣ûϾ󽣵ĸڡ

Ǻһ˳֮һнʮ
ǺþûгˡŮͽų࣬һϲĿܡ
ŻϲŮҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ϊ뿪ңһμʶ󸮡
Ϻҩʮһꡣ
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үŮͰɣ֤ƷһƤӼ룬첽ǰһ㶮ı
ҡҡͷǰȥţңϣǿʳ˵ͨŮͣԪ磬Ǽ۷Ůū
үѽɣЩɶǺԾһƤӿ˵
Ŀɨ̯λһʧЩȻǹʲôƷ۹Ȼϡ
үǿЩﵹǻһýֻǼ۸񡭡Ӽ뿪Щԥ


13 
һЩǿңԼ죬Ӱ̯ʱѾ̣ӣ֪ʲôʱĲ˿ɻûʳ
۸⣬ǺýС뵭Ȼ
ӿеĺýûбʲôϣγҲĴܲʺԼĳϾѾҪ׼ʼ似ƽĳѾЩʺ
үģѵһΪǲ˺üսʿһ˵ţһԵһƤƤгһ
һĳģͨɢһ˿⣬ֻһۣܿĲ
ӹָʱоһЩ·
ǡһâȻΪʱԵʺܶ·Ѿڸǣʲôˣýһٶǿߣֻ΢һӴܸоɫĲ
ȻǺöдϲû뵽Ѱ̯λǰȻܹ
Ҫ֪Ҫ쾳Ϊܴ߶ıټĳңҲǼϡ٣߶޷һǳǼ̳ˣҲûʸӵ
ƷӦòͣεǼ˴ˡ鲻ϸ֮ǰҪˡ
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С㣬ɲͨıȻǿѰľֱһͿնϡƤҡͷΪǲʧС²ҪʣԲܵͼ۳ۡ
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үʮڽڲĳǲǡЩԥ˵ʮڽԳ벻ʲôڲ䣬һЩѰǿһĲƸ
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˵ʮڽ𣬾ǰٿڽǧڽ׬ˣҪ֪ѾڷΣ߶Ըǿı
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ʵǿ˲˼Ȼ֮λҲ̫Ȥˡ

ȻǺý
źɫһ΢Ц
ʵ֣֪ⲢѰıܹڳʵóԾСͬʱҲǰˡ
ƷӦûҵˮ֮ϣԭһ㽫ҵˮ㣬ڿȴǲˡŲԶĳЦŵ
ˮǳҲһҵĵڶǿߣȻʸӵһ
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ɡ΢΢һЦڽӸӣڽҪ似Ҳʺ㣬֮ǰòҪ¶ҲĶᡣ
ƥﻳĵȻΪ󽣵䱻̫׷ɱû㹻ʵǴ


14 ν
죬붼֮жȹİ£Ϊ죬źܴܿﵽ۷塣
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ʱ˳ҵɷ罣Ƿḻľ飬ȵͼ似ȻûѶȣѾǴﵽ˴ɣǲ̫ףҲὫѹڵҵĲΡ
顫
⽻һͳ죬Ӱ˿
С룬ɷ罣ԽԽˣ˴껹ȲµŲԶĳ룬ϧһп
ϧڴ֮ǰ̤أΪѾǺ۷壬ʵȳ΢һЩˡֻû뵽벻Ϊɷ罣ϻҪǿϼ֣Ҫ֪ɷ罣Ű°
ⶼϧ½ʱԵʣȻôܽô졣Ц
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ˡڴʱԶһȻ

ԣĿһķֻȺԶÿһһڳ˴ӵ֮³֮С
ģ㣬Ͷ֮һǿţǳڴڼһ֮ȻȻγɵš
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ҪúŬȡﵽأҴϣʱõܲʧڵ

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Ҳڴٴν֡΢΢һЦʾ
ÿɷתųһˣܲƵĿȥ


15 罣
С룬ȴЩ嶯ˡȥ·ϣϧЩ𱸵
һЦһȻԿСҲûջٶԳʵһŵ֪ѡһΣҲڣ߲ܺʱεأҪһս֮ģδսע޷֮·ߵ̫Զ
ˣϧ½㣬ҼǵüӵҪҪﵽزſ𣿡ɻ
ûɱѪߣ㲻ߣҲǳ飬ȻҲ⡣֮бϾΣղСҲԼĹأǾͲؾΪͣΪﵽؾѡͬʱʮ֮ǰǱһΡ
ճҵĹأֻкصĳӦò߱ʸŶԡ
ǺأʵҪǺأֻҪﵽأͨ䳡ͿԽ󡣡ϧҡҡͷͻƺصʱ򣬾Ѿͨ䳡
䳡
Ժ䳡ؼ䣬䳡ǳҹѺޣṩӵĵطĿóӵ֪޵ֶΣͬʱһѪ
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ĵ֮ͻƺء
似䳡ҪǰᶼҪ̤زС

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˵ĲȻõҩԼΪڶʱ۷壬ȫЦ׳Ϊ֮ԭ󣬳евʱ

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ϧڵĽ̫ˣǰĽչͬһ׺Ľʩչս̾һ
˵ǰֻһɢޣûʲôʦ͸Ĺ޼ﵽϸѾǴ˽һĲΣϲΪ쾳ȻɡڵĽ粻ۻʹΪҲֻǺأ󽣵ĽȲЩ⡣
ȻЩ⣬͵ȣҿռ˲ٵơип
ϸĽʮʱɣ֮£쾳ĽѾǼˡ
󽣵Ѱ似ͬѰ似ʽתţ󽣵עʽǽҪߴԼĽУ츳ΪҪ츳ǿ󽣵ĳɾͣ츳㹻󽣵䳬Խ涼ǲܣҲΪʲô󽣵Ԫպյԭ󽣵䱾Ȼ㲻Ԫ似ĳɳǱȴǿģʥ䶼硣
罣һС
ΪԼȻޱȵϤÿһÿһʽ·ӡÿһΣ罣ĸӦǱһΡ
Զĳ룬ҲΪĳԾʱ䣬һֱעųȻܹ׽Ĳ֮
ǵǿµĽ⽣˵ҺңǺֻҲûС겻ǺǵһţһЩͺйӴǲ
֪쾳ֻһʱڣںĴԣֻдﵽ쾳ǿߣԺ쾳似һ㶼㲻϶ྫǿ󡣱Ͼ쾳ҲߵĶ֣ķľں쾳̤쾳ͨһնɱ쾳ߡ
ѵŽǳʦרΪСôôεʱţҽȼ죬ǡôоŽ֮ɷ罣Ӱӣҿ𣿡üͷ΢塣
û´罣֮еȷɷ罣Ӱӣ֮ǰɷ罣뵽罣֮С
󽣵ߵǸһɣ߸Ϊ֦Ҷܹɳʲô̶ȣҪˡ


16 Ѫ
ľȥ䳡
ŲԶĳ룬ɫЩڸղţҪȥ䳡
Ϊһĳҵһţʮ䳡ʲôطҲԳȥȥ䳡ֻû뵽Ȼͻƺزʮʱʹ䳡Ҫֻ֪ѰĳӵܣһӺؾͿʼ似ú似ѾСɣڵĳ似Ŷѡ
ģڵʵԱû⡣ŵ
ԣʱĬƬ̺󣬲ǿڵڵʵԱȷûʲô⣬ʲôʱ
׻˵֪Ī˵ƽս࣬ԳȴѲ³Ѿ
Ҵ䳡ĥһʱ䣬ýС֮ٽ󡣡뿪ڵ
ڵҩͿ޶̫ʺ㣬ȥҲǸѡ񡣡
ͷҲȰ룬ɫһ˿ᣬֻʣ²һԪȻϣʱܹͶദһ𡣿ɳͬ磬ʵĸͬ뿴չ߷ɵΡ
ڶ峿ͳ䳡ͬеĻгϧ£֪䳡ϧҲһǡ֮⣬ҲδûҪʶһĴ㣬ϾѾǺ۷ΪҪ˶þ̤أʱ˵ҲҪǰ䳡ɱһ
䳡жʮɷԲǹѺ޵ʮֻޣӺص۷岻ȡ
䳡һ޴ͨɾִɣֻڣһߵڣһޡΪ䳡ƽչѺĶޣﲻһλ쾳ĳ򣬻мλ쾳ִ£ǳΪĺڼ
䳡ȻҲǺɱһ㲻ΣգһΣգȡ۳룬ϣòҪȡ
ͷȣܵı֣
С룬СģϧЩǵ
ǾͿŰɡһЦ
һ߽֮С

ڴʱһӺڼһ䳡֮ʱһͷ޴ޡ
ǣüͷһ
롣ԶڣڵǿǣҲǺ֮Ϊһޡ
Ϊ䳡Ϊ˳ӵܽ׼׼ޣҲ඼Ǻ֮гޣǺбȽϳһޡ

Ѻǵϲڴһڼ䳡ڣſǽ䳡ÿ䳡ںܿǱ޴ס
໡
ſѪڣ﷢һ󳩿Ǻ䳡ǿ֮࣬ȽŶ첻
ʮɿĿǣһĨ֮ɫǰĿԺҰԲû̫ı仯
֪Ѱޱ׽ڹѺιԺҰԶٻһЩΪ˱޵׺ݱԣ޳ս֮ǰһÿһʱ仹ֻɱ޵ԺҰԲŲڼ̫࣬óӵ䳡õĶ
Ȼֻޣǻȴ䳡ֻ֪սʤǰܻ꣬ĸãһ˳Ϊ޵ʳ߱նɱ
սгһ±ŷһǿս⡣
ǿս⣡
䳡Ǹ꣬ĺڼһǸ䳡ʱ䲻̣ʶٳӵǰһЩСߵһ޷ȣһЩģҲСӦԣͬ޾Ȼǿս⣬ʵࡣ
ˮĶӣһ޾Ȼս⣬˶СԶ䳡ȫһâӳ·𿴵յĳĳһ䳡Ρ
ء
ܵϵս⣬ŭһವһһӰų񱼶ȥצݺĳ
ಡ
ɲӲϮצһһܿ˿һצͬʱг͵ĳǰһ̣ǾδĿǸܡ
ۡ
һѪɽ
Ȼ
ſϵ˿ڣ̾һ޵ǿ󣬼ӴǹҪѶʲôʵԵ˺
һǿǹȻûа˵ļ˫͵һţͬһ롣
ʽõĳгӶ罣зС
ء
޴˫ͬһڽϣǿĳֱӺĳ뵹ɳɣסΡ
ۼԼȫһȻֻǽɳȥɣǶʱףǰ겻ʲô׶ԸĽɫԼʮֵ
ǿѰĺһ֮¿¾͵ˡüͷ΢塣
Ȼ޷նɱԸ㻹⡣
һ֣ǰǵʵҲһŵ֪һ̣һ㣬ǳ˿ǡ
һһ˲ɱһ
䳡⡣
ղһöĲж˿ǵҵֻҲһο
󲮣Сܼһ𣿡ϧ䳡ڼսĳͿǣʵ
һ㣬䳡ĹأֻҪ֧ͬһ㣬ͨ˳ϧ²Żдһʡ
Щѡ
ܹڵһͬ޾ͼһʱĳӵָǵĳҲϾһξͨҪǿʣҪǿʵܹͬʱһ֮١

гϵ߹罣һӰڿϣڿһѪۡ
һ˿ڣǻ⣬˿һ࣬ҲǼѪζбıԣǵĹ׺
Ѿˡһ޼ֵʱȻͳ൱ˡ߿ŽȻսҲǳԾС
Ǽ̳֮츳ǿߣڳչֳ츳ȻѾڶԷҪ΢ǿһЩ
֪ܲܳԽĳɼ
ӰЩڴ
ʱţһһǵɱڼſǵıҲһЩˣѪĿǣҪࡣ
ء
ͻȻһըһӰײɳȥ
һĻ˵ͫ׶һǱײɳȥǳ롣
ʱļսСڵЩˡű˵ĳ룬̾һ
ޣҪͬɱͱ뱬ǿϾޣʱ޷ޣһ̫ǿͲǶˡ
룬Ҫ𣿡Ҳµʣ²࣬ɿڵ
أһһս
ҡҡͷ
һٶԣֻҪֹһյĹ߾ҪѾǼ˴ʱˡ

ͺһгһ죬һĽӰٴγǿǡ
һһٴɱһ𣬳ȻԴ·磬ްƣȻĵסǵĹżܷһ
ĽˡһâĲСܼ֣ȴΪĽɱٴߡ
һ㵽ͨڴʱһͻأ䳡


17 ǰ
ͻأڳ˶һ㶣һô͵ˣ
Ҳ޹ֺ˾ʱݣʵǳͿǵսʵ̫ңʶĺʱ⡣
ãã
һع䳡һǱĳ룬Ǽο֮ɫںǲ֪ܹ꣬ڵһǲμ䳡ͨӵȴָǳԼʱҲֻǼ˴ʱ䣬ûܵһͨ
һԵĳϧҲǼױͳһСʱ֪Լʲô˴ȴõ飬͵Ϊʵǿܵżϧǳ䵱˴Ľɫһ·ų롣ڳչֳ츳ʵһ󽾰ĵܵܣںˣ
Ǹȫæֽ£ӽ֮࣬ͬʱǱĳ˵ͷ
Գչֳ츳ʵֻҪ䣬ĳɾ;ԲΪһҲԽĸ׳Ҳǲûϣ
С룬û°ɣϧ¿߳䳡ĳ룬첽ǰ
û£ֻһЩƤˣ̫ѡҡҡͷϵȻ٣أһЩƤ˶ѡ
⻰ϧҲһ֮ǰͿǵսһļңҲΪһ亹

ʲô˵һβμ䳡ͳɹͨˣХһŵĿǰĳɽɫ֮ɫ
ڸղţɽҴҵ㱨ͻƺأǰμ䳡һɹˣ
һβμ䳡ͳɹͨڳҵʷϲûУڳԪˮǿʢʱڣɼʱϰҲδܹһοǳԪˮȱڡ
ǵģʱһе߲٣ȻЩǱû̫صơɽһЦ
ΪͳХһһͷڼһ֮ϣ䳡ȻгХˣԳɹͨ䳡Ϣڵһʱʹ˳ɽ˵ĶС
ôСӲʱͻƵأɹͨ䳡Хɫʮֵѿ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ²õҩΪԶʱӦòܴﵽزŶԣҴﵽأܹͨ䳡
ںص֮ʵܹͨʵֻѾԶԸ۷ߣ
ѵǶССӣصĵ֮Х
˵֮ǰչֳʵ츳вСС֣ôһγͨ䳡ȴеһ˿в
磬ô죿ɽɫҲʮֵѿ˭Ҳû뵽ƽʮĳ룬Ȼ֮λ󼸸ͻȻһԳ˲Св
ô죬۲룬ʲôϢһ㱨Хһε
ɽ˵ͷʱ򣬳ѾǴԭļƻֻвϵĹ۲˽Է׼ȷжϡ
ܿһβμ䳡ͳɹͨϢڳҴһʼٵ߶ţϾʵ̫ˡһξͨǵĳԳĽƶûھȻˣôܣ
䳡Լڼ֤ʵ˿Ļɣһʱֳ˳̸۵Ľ㡣ں֮УԽ˳Ͼĳ䳡ûһͨϢڳһ֧Ĺ裬˵֮ǰչֳ츳ʵþȣôڳֳʵ츳Ѿ߱ͳһµʸ
ΪһеĵˣȴںͿһսеջ񣬺Ϳһս罣СȻδﵽСɵĲΣҲȥԶ
ķʱյһսջ֮󣬳ٴǰ䳡
⣬ʵĳ룬ٴμһʱ䡣㣬ÿͻǰ䳡һΣ䳡˴¡
䳡
𡫡
ﲻʵŭһ޴ȻڵϣͷҪһɼǵ˿ڡ
ʱնɱһͷصޣʵѾȺصˣһԵ߿ȥޣǲ˳顣
ѾǳնɱĵֻޣһֻȻûһʱնɱܵˣֻҪٸһЩʱնɱڶֻǽӽһʱնɱֻҪȴֻ˴㣬ǳĽһж߿С
ȥޣɫû˿ı仯𳤽뿪䳡
ҵ罣ѾСɣΪҲൽ˺ڣʱǰˡ૵
ڵʵʹþֶĳѾܹվһնɱͬޣʹúֻҪʱ仹Ҫ̣ϾɱȾֳ١
ʲôʱ󣿡ڵ֪ʱնɱ֮ͬ󣬳Ҳ֪ʱˡ
Ӧþ졣룬ڵ
ͷ䳡Ը󣬶ҳޣͬҪСģ޸ӿ¡
һٶĳ룬Ȼ֪һ㣬Ȼǿһȴ㱳һʤ
뿪ǰȥϣүүϧѾͷ𡣡ƽ
ͷ˵ǰǼ۷ΪҲ˵ܹ˵Ļ뿪ǰȷҪԼ˵һ
Ľڱչسϸ벢ûмǼ˳Х죬֮ǰڵĳХΪԾһЩϢӵ
ǵԪˮͻϸŵĹͣ˵һṳ̂ϸҸ߲ʵȴҲвС
үүΪЩ㲢û̫չˣϣүүХ쿴ǰĳ룬һ˿ο֮ɫ
үүֻҵүүǳҵļǺǳ뵭Ȼ
ܹں֮ϣĹͲĥΪĳХ첻ҪΪ룬ͬʱҪΪİ롣
׾ͺáХ̾һһüóȴһøףүү
ޱ׷ɱûܾ¶ϱ޷Σ찵ͬ޷֮λ᧿Σ޷ȫ
ǧҪСģһԱΪүүҲûʲôм˵ĵҩϣХӻͳһöƿݸ롣
үүģһŻӹƿһ֣ص
ȥĳ룬ХջĿ⣬ӵܽĹأǳӵ˭Ҳ⡣

С룬һҪŻҵ㡣ϧ¿ǰݵ꣬ҧ
䳡ǰӵȻϧȻ֪ǰ󣬵һʱȴǵǡ
֣صĵ˵ͷϧ½ģһŻʱһü֮λ޸
š
ϧ΢΢һ죬ͷ
˸еģڳڳʱѾΪ׼峿һۺɫĳʧ˺⡣
Ī룬㿴ǵĶӣˣԶʣӿ޾顣


18 ־
ǰǺˡĸ·⡣
ңңȥֻԶ޾֣һƬ̵ĺԡвʱзӹХķмŵͳ޺ǾǺ޵¡
󡣡૵Ҫˡ
ǧ֮ң˲ٵޣһЩޣͳ֪޾ʮͷ֮࣬˵ֹϸޡϸޣѾܹΣѰ߸޷ж϶Էݡ
ȫĺǣǧƵĲ䣬Щں⵽֮䡣ʵСֻںǸʵԽǿĲ䷴ЩֱںΧ
һ·֮ϣ벢û̫鷳żҰ޾ҲʳΪɢ޳ֵ뵶Ѫϰ꣬ȻİǹĻ䡣
һУܿΧʼһЩͼޣЩ޷ԳвҲýסһΣ̳ЩѰߣⷽ澭Ҫḻöࡣ
һ·ǰ벢û̫ǿޣżֵĺޣҲɵıնɱһж޷߹
һ·նɱ˼ͷޣͻȻͣ
д
ʶԶѰǿԳڵΪԲĽϴ󶯾ѭŴһ㣬Ǵķ˹ȥ
ǰһƬ֣ԼԼӰԼʱʱ޺
ھǴ򶷴ֻʮɿĵطǿ˴˫ʮƤӣΧһֻޡ
أӦǴǱΧޣ
Χ޵ƤӣǲսʿЩսʿʵֻкزζѣɶĴǶʮΧһʱҲû
ЩսʿȻʵǿȴ൱ĬЩ˶ǾεͬΪ֮£ǳӵܶδǶԷĶ֡
Ƭ̣ҲǷ֣ʮˣֳСӣ˸˸ǯסǰ޶ѡ
޵ʵȻǿ󣬵ʮսʿΧ޷һ
𡫡Ǵƺһ㣬һĳΧȦ
סߣ
һƤ׳ŭһеĴ󸫻ӶݺݵĳŴȥ
ۡ
£ѪɽǴȻӲһצӶǰսʿֱӱɳȥֻǾʱһԵĲսʿѾȱΧס
ɱ
һȺսʿеıŴкȥֵһҲ޷ΧȦĴղʵĵѪ֮С
شֻսʿˣǸߴƤ׳ȥĴЦ
ǰϴɱһֻصޣսʿһ׳Ҳһϲɫ
ǿսʿǲĸһصսʿۼһʹοҪ֪ûʲôĹصʵڲսʿѾǶˣһĲǿҲصʵѡ
𡫡
ڸߴƤ׳ָʰǴʬʱԶͻȻһ޺һһͱ֮ǰǴҪһȦĴǰ
ޣ
ܵǴľ޴вսʿʱ
ӣ
û˿ڣߴƤ׳˾ޣܹԸġʮ˿ΧܶԸصޣޣֻԷһצס̸Χ
Ƹ磬ߣ˶Ϻ󣡡˵սʿæ
֮ǰʹһս˲ᣬߣֻͬĺˣһЩսʿȥǲʵͻһǧɣ˵ͻᱻĲϷֵ
ҸһˣɡƸʹǿǿ׳
ƸսʿµסƬ̣Ψһİ취Ƿֳߡɢߣǵʵʱص޶ҪǵֳӣܹĿֻһˣȻʧȻ޴󣬿ٲҧҧܳŹȥ
ɱ
սʿһĵڴǰ
𡫡
ŭһǰСȻҵǰһҪ˺顣
Ǵŭ𣬺ƸһȴͷҲûأ֪ͷֻᵢߵʱһߣǲǶͬõı
ಡ
ȻһӰһĨڹڿл˲䶴˴ĥ̴Сͷ­ҽһѾ
ˣ
ǺȻضĴԭű֮ĵĲսʿ˫ĿԲŵĿһĻ
࡫
ʿˮĿ⿴ǰǵӰǴǵʱӰˣǻӦʱ򣬱Ѿնɱ˺صĴһֻһնɱصޡ
𾴵Ĺӣл־ǣ֪ǺʯʲôܹΪЧ͵ģƸȷӦæǰ
ɲһնɱصޣ֮ǰĴҪ£òһսʿԳľսһԵĲսʿһݵĿų룬Ҵ
ǿ֪ͷϳֱʵ
֮Գ־ǰĺƸһˣȫΪ֣ΪҪǣҪ֪ϳλáҪ֪ѰĴ󲻹ǺصΪǰĴȴкصΪҿӸͻƣʳùһЩҩֻȻܷŹ
ĵطҲ֪Ǳ߽ġƸҡҡͷĿ⿴ǰ˵
ͷԴ˵Ҳûио̫֣ǰͷһԶǰĲսʿ֪Էϳλã϶ðôΣգ֮ǰͷشֵķλͺƸԣԴϳѾһЩжϡ
һ㣬ɿʧںƸָķ
Ƹ磬⹫ʵǿһնɱصޡһӸп
Ƹ˵ͷڵǺǲͬ϶ǺĳҵӵܣЩӵܴСиĹԴҲΪʳǡǲǺˡ
ĽǣǲŵСӣҲضѡһƤӸп
ҪСܹڼǺʯӾͺùˡᵽСӣƸ¶һ˿֮ɫǿǲΪŵ꣬ϣڼֻҪڼͻܵıӻ֮ϣžԵ˭ҲΥ
ӻǴص޿ϡǿǴˡŵϵͷٺЦǿҲضѣҪնɱһͷصѶȿ֪
һԵĺƸҲǶһ˿Цݣص޼ֵʮƽ𣬶޵ļֵȴǺ޵߱ҺѪ֮ǿСʳ޵Ѫ⣬ʵ϶вСʱͨڼĿǸаա
죬졣Ƹͺȵʬָ뿪һ˿ɾ鷳ˡ
ֻޣսʿҲͬʮֵ鷳֮У֮˴ɱʱз
ƸĻҲҵӴ󵶣ѸٵĽǰͷָٵʧ֮С


19 ľ
صޣΧʵѾǲοһͷ׵˺ءһ㶼ԼأʳѲΣ뿪̫Զ
ЩʮֵԲŻڵһʱǲսʿ죬߸
һ·Уηٵּźȥ
ɽӦþˣ
ԽһС뿴޵ĺۼԽԽ࣬ѰƬ̣ܿͷһɽ
ɽյģƺûޣ˵ֻѾȥȴҲҴ⣬С뵽ɽ֮С
ɽֻ߰ɶѣȼϸѰ
ɽһһЩ޵ëɢڵأһ۾Ϳ֮ǰɱ޵ëʧǣɽУûҵ²еҩ
ֻѰһ£ܲҵˡ̾һ˳ɽ
ɽΪģʼѰ
ľ飬Ȼҩ»ʲôλãѰٶȵҲΧ̫󣬰ʱȥȻû˿ķ֡
ǡͻȻʯеɫС˳Ŀ⣬һ㣬嵽˾ʯԡ
ǲݣ
ֻһۣϳǰСݵһлǲݵĵͼҩҩЧʮҲУ۸ȴͣһ껢ǲݣҪʮڽ𣬶ʯһ껢ǲݡ

뿴껢ǲݣĵ˵ͷСĽ껢ǲ˳ʱ䣬ΪѸ٣Щϣ껢ǲݴһŵʱʵԺصޣҲԱ
ˣ
ͻȻԶһ΢ĽŲɫʱһ䣬һæǾʯһСס
Ƭ̺Ӱ
ôˣǿӿǾʯԿһ΢΢һ㶡
ãǲݣ
һɫʱһ䣬æ˾ʯ
ǲݲˣ
ǿյʯ죬˵ɫʱѿ
ģһг˰֮ɫ
Ҿ˵ҪںˣǲûˣһЩԹ
û˻ǲݣб⻰ɫѿߵߣֵǸѲӣҪ⣬Ĵ£ҵ𣿡
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ǲݣԲģϾĲߣǲݶÿ֪
˲ûͣܿ뿪ȥѰҴϳȻǶԻǲݲġ
оԶ󣬳һ뿪ķǲһЦҴһëҲҲˡ
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Ĺʮֵ࣬ҩÿһ֣ͷ·˺ҧһ㣬ҧؼš
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ܹĸоԼļ͹Ƥ֮֮ǰ˲٣ֻһ껢ǲݴĺôһ껢ǲݣвС
ڻĵڶ껢ǲݵʱ򡣡
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ǿϧˣǣһʧ빰˹֣ת뿪
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ϧѡ˶󣡡ܵϮĵ⣬΢΢ҡҡͷ
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ˣһɱȻ֣ûзŹ˵Ĵ㣬ľ֪ɲںб׷ɱ


20 
ۼвãɫʱޱȵѿ򲻹ӲѲҪﲻɣ
ಡ
һľϮŵ亹ֱðＱҪɱңиܸ㡣
ܣгһ٣Цڣƭң
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ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҩЧͼֵԶǲݣڳҲǼΪϡ٣һöǼֵٿڽ
ԣֻҪӦߣҾ͸ľλáӼæ
Ƭ̺󣬿ڵãֻҪλãұ֤뿪
˭֪᲻ᷴڣ˿ʮɣҾ͸λáҡͷ
ҩ߶Ķɲɵƾһ仰ͽλ˵һ뵽ʱ򷴻ڣʵûС
òҪƭңһЦ
ģҡ
ӼӦﲻһɣȻһ̣ȴеؿڴһʹһɫֱӽ嶴
㡭һŵĿų룬Ȼ뵽벻ŹôҲû뵽ȻλöûõɱҪ֪ǿ߶Ķҩ
û´Ӧþڸһŵӣƽ˵
ͫһɻͲʵĵ˵ϡ
벻ûӵ׳ľλãֻһ̸֪ǰʮֵĽûȷԼȫ¶ԷԲܸλãֲܷŶԷȫ뿪˻ֱɱˡ
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ǰ˲֮һص϶ֹǰˣ˵ʵǿǿ
Σ᲻ɷŹƬ̺󣬳Ѿ֮·ƴֻΪһg
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֮ΪߵǺУʵҪԸֻҲúķһСҪǺᵽʵҲǺصΪԳڵΪûκεʤ㡣
ѰһȫĵطϸĹ۲һҹȥѲӵ˳;һΰ֮⣬ûκ֮
һֱٽʱԶּһӰһˣһ󵶡Ӱ̱С

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ľɽӦҿ˰ɣʯԶľɽڵ
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û죿ʯǹľϵļƬɫҶӣüͷһ˵죬Ҷȫ䣬ҲڿԻû׵ĳ졣
Ȼû죬ȻΪл᣿ľɽߵ
ľɽĻʯδһ㣬ЦŵöҲǲҪһöѣľϺαˡ
ľɽһ飬һöǿǼֵϰٿڽ֪һһ궼δܹϰٿڽ


21 
˱ֳһöľɽϸһ⣬ʯȻ˵赭дҲ֪ڻǶֵʱͳնɱʯ
һľɽǿڵ⣬Ӧûһʱ֮Ҳʱֳ졣
ʯԣһ⣬΢΢һЦڶԡ
ʱţľϽʣļƬҶ䣬ǼƬҶϵ䣬ĹõʺԣѪ档

һƬҶ£ڣǹľֻ֮ʣһƬҶľһʯ˿ĶֻһƬҶ䣬һɱ⡣
˼ȫ֮ϵİˣûע⵽һݵӰĿ

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ಡ
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Ϯ㣬ͫһһǰδеΣϮ㣬μˣд󵶽Ӷһ޴ĵĻǰ

һȻֵκǹͬˮһ޿ղ磬£һѪɣֻüסҪ
һб˺У벻ҵһ㣬ӳһץɿĳȥ
ܸ磡
ʯ䣬ľƲ
ߣˣ˿һ˫Ŀѣŭš
ʯսľɽߵĶæͷһѪĺУŭʯʯ
δ䣬ľɽд󵶻Ӷһ̶ƿݺݳʯȥ
ء
һ죬ʯֱӱ˿һ˿Ѫ
ģϹˡʯɫ䣬һ㣬μˣŷľɽҲ֮⡣
ߣľɽʯߣﲻмһһ̤Ծ𣬾޴ĵʯ
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ľɽһΣ֮䣬Ѿԣԭ׷ˣһտ֮⣬Ǽ׷ȥˡ
ûʲô󰭡һºеƣľɽһмп̤أڴصڶý
ľɽҪȥ׷룬ȴ׷һȻ˻
С׷ˡ˵
ľɽŭصߣȻһδСӴƤ


22 ע
ľҲľǿ䣬ʱԹȴֵöȻˡ
ʯ䣡ľɽɫкâ
Ȼʯ䣬ľɽѾɱģʯȻǿ󣬵ľвСĲ࣬ڸû򡣲ʯȴͺҹϵУвںڼְȻʵľľҲҴĵĶԸʯ䣬ǶԳҲ
ȿȡǿϵʹ¿Сӿ²ʯˡ
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СӵӦûδ꣬δѾǺصΪҽȻ˸Ĺ似ʯʮа˾ԺЩҡнԼеĲ²˵˳
ԣľɽĬԺвϵĻ֮ǰһУԽǻ룬ɫԽѿ
Ƕˣľɽһ˫۷·Ҫһ㡣
صΪȻλصߣȻƳɹһʵķǰľɽҲšһȴˣԷʯ˼Ĵ㣬ɹʯս̵
С֣ľɽŭ˼ʮ꣬ȻһСƵģҪǴȥľɽ϶ΪЦ
ҾͲСô뿪̴ŸڣǷͷңһҪҵС֣ϷҪʬΡľɽͺ
ǣæﲻ̾һ
ããҪһ˿ɲôףҶԷʵѰĺ߸ǳĶ֣ȴʱȰľɽǻϽѰ·

УһӰٵ粽Ծɡ
ۡ
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Ͳ²⵽ѾʹùԳΪܹ̤أʯȻܹ³룬ȴûʮİա
ҪԼðɣһƽ

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ʯȫһ벻ܣӮȥгһһ߻
ء
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ţһУʯв΢΢һһ㣬ηԽһն롣
һһסбĴ󵶣ﵭ˵ֻЩֶ𣿡
ôᣬСôôǿɵĽ£ʯһŵĿǰꡣ


23 
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ܹڣʯĲֻʵֻѾжϳĲ֮£ûаնɱ롣ãҲòС
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24 
¿ۣѪģʬԼ
Ľ꿴ʬϵ˺ۣɫ΢䡣
һɱ֮˵ΪҲӦںأҾͨȻ׵նɱǶˡ
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үҪҪ׷ȥһڵ
Ƭ̺ҡͷأһˣʵֻ֮ͲһеߣҪҵôףǰǵĵ̣ɲΪɱˡǼ²ݵ顣
ǣȻӦ
˵ҲһѣϾľǵķΧľʲôãΧҲҪˡ
Ȼȥ˶ľǶԿпޣηʧܹõĽֻЩ󱸳ʵޣǿ߸ӵʵûУΨһİ취óѲߵʱһٲҪʧ
ˣǶأƺ뵽ʲôͻȻڵ
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үҪҪ˽үһ֮ǰڵĳѯʵ
أȻȥ׷ɱҵţȥõʵ֮²ʲôΣաҡҡͷһƽ

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ЩȴڵܹκϽȥġ̾Ϣ
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Χһʮ꣬ǱѣѪűǼȥʬ壬Ҳ֪ͬ黹ǵˡȻЩóеȵģó뾪ȵȴǱΧ꣬˲Ǳˣǳ
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ǰôˣɫһ䣬æ
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ڴʱһĲҽͻȻ
ϤĲҽһ㶣д󵶲һ٣ץס϶ηٵ˿ȥ
ͻȻĲҽĿ⣬˷׷׿ǲҽķֻһӻѪҲ̶ãߣһĿȫȥӡ
˻һĻڳ˲һһһ˵ߣǺصΪһ˾Ȼҽһͱնɱ
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25 
˵ƽ޵ľǱˡһЦģƺľһ߹ʱܸһ㡣
˻һԵǶǺݺһ飬иǷŭѣһȻնɱһأһصߣȴǲҽеķŭֳ˵͵Ϯĳɷ֣ʵȴҲС
㵽Ǻˣɫһʵ
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ѦѵǺˮѦң
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ľǺͺˮǲûʲôԹҲûʲôϾмһУⲢľԸǺˮǣ˵ˮǵʵѾϸǿ֮ǿǸΣûбҪȻǲҪΪá
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뵽ĿʱǵϮķֻּһųɫ׵Ŀ׳˹

ˣͫ͵һ˾ȻΪĳÿһкصʵ
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ԼѾҪնɱһĵһţû뵽ȻһһжΪǰѦһ꣬ҪԼնɱ
Ļǳ׳Ŀ֮һɱ³һ


26 
һȣ羪װڳĶը죬ʹ
ǿɫһ䣬˫о֮ɫ
صߣû٣ǰʵڳҺڼҲеȲΡڵĳܹԸġ
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˱ɽɱʢ
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ˡ
ȫ߶ɽдһ𣬵𶯣һΪļ

ɽһ㣬գۼѾǰƵĴ󵶺ݺݵĳųȥ
͡͡
է֣дһٵһ㣬޴ĵ⽫ֽȥ
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һƬɽɽɫһãȴóȻĽɽ֮УаóȻɽԲʲô⡣

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ɽɽһƽ
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а֮ǰóȻ룬һˣΪáɽڵ
УһҪץɱɽĻԵˣСˣ˭ܰץ̿Խ
⻰ߵ߶ʱ󱸳ĳȫ£󱸳ܹĲһ룬ƽȥģ󱸳ܹΪ֮һֻҪܹץ룬Ϳ̳Ϊܲ
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ѹִүһֱѶүвʹүȣүԲ졣ɽ̾һ


27 ž
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ԣɫʱ԰ŵùڵϣһֵĵ
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28 ǿͻ
ϣ˵ҩҵаƿ˵ҩвЩڴ뵽
֮ǰӲɽѾ˲ᣬǿתնɱˣϵҲӵءХĵҩȻҲôʱָ
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뵽Ҳԥ̷һöҩҩĲڵҲڲϵš

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ɫԽԽôûЩɫɫЩÿ
ﵽλãһʱΪȥ·ԱٶЩҲܵôòŶԡ
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ܣү˲ءɽҡҡͷͬʮһ֪סĿѦҵţ϶˹
ߡԣɫʱɽ⻰ǰ˵ԭͱһӻ̱ˣЦſɽʵ˵⵽ô£
ɽҲЩƵҪ䣬һ뵽Ƣɴֱӱ͡
ģһңһ죬ҪǺڣŭš
û뵽Ϊ˶ԸôһС䣬үȻҪȥȱǿ۽硣ڴʱɽͻȻһ
ζǵ·˲ȵβһܻĳɽŭѦһб¸ҳ֪ͷڹ겻ɣ
ԸɽڴһЦһ̣һӰɽ˳ǳǺˡ


29 սɽ
߳ɽĳ룬һ㶣ȻļȴûĳϾ˫ʵ಻СֻҪɵ͸֪·һ
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һֱעųɽһĻɫʱ䣬ﱩһͬʱеĴ󵶼æӶһĵ롣
ʲôɽĻһ㶣ȻܵϮĽ̺֮ŵĿֲϢɫʱ԰

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ɽǿϵʹŲԶĳ룬ЦүѾ뿪׷ǵģҪ˶ôүԮͻеˡ
һ᲻Ҳ֪ɱӿһ̣ɽһ϶ˣ


30 ݱ¶
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ķģʧѪ٣ɽɫ԰ףڵĴŴ
ѵɽ쵱ҪﲻɣɽǲʣγͻΧʧܺףǰעֻһ뿪
ܼ֣Ҫ֮ǰƵӲһ绯ֻ꣬ҪնɱҲúķѲСип
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ʱˡ벻ϵ̫ã˭Ҳ֪ľǵԮʲôʱһصĳ£ǶҲޡ
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32 ɱ
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33 ֮ŭ
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34 ׷
ԤϵľưոݣԺ˷ֺֿͬͼصĵط롣
Գڵʵһĺ߶Ķ֣ľľǣɶǿ򣬻ǵġ
һʱ֮У벻Ϻɱ󣬼ֺµĵҩԼżջҩΪҲһʱ֮зٵš
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趯ųĶȻܹ֣ܵȴû˿
ʱգ罣ǿԽСɣﵽ֮ڽһ֮Ǿ罣֮ʱ
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ڼ֮ǰҽѾ̤ۻʹ֮Ȼ罣Ҳڽ֮졣
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ҳҵˡͫһʮ˵Ķ飬Ѿô˳ڳҵĵֵ̣˼ˡ
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˺ȥҪ˶ãͻᱻߣΨһİ취֪ͨ׷ɱ롣
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һž޴ɫڿնڰ֮ըһɫݣľԮźš
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绯꣡
ڵ߶ޣʱ˿ıһնɱǰˣߵϣҪһ֡
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ֱӱɸӣеľֱҲѳһɢһأֻһУصĳʹɥ
ۼȥһ㣬ٴηٵӳٵĳȥ
ڳ뿪һ󣬼Ӱȥĺǰ
ֱˣľϴŭ
ԭЩɫָܿ͸˹ǵ׷֮ʱɫָֻĴѰңҵʱ򣬳Ѿ֪뿪ˡ
Сǿɶ񣬾ȻɱľһԵɫҲѿ˼㡣
ǰˣѾ˳УβŭһҲǸ˼۵ģΪսʿ
һԵľЦ֮ǰľľɽȥǰ̩ɽһǳʹζˡ
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ãҴӦ㣡Ŀһݣߵ
ľϣҪЮңʱһѳԽȥȫ³


35 ƶ
ȫ߶һ·񱼣缲磬һܳʮʱֱȷûе׷֮󣬲һɽͣ
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˲ͷĺˮһ¡
ľǵô֣ˣЩȻľǵǿߣʱնɱԷصߣöԷûܷźţȻο׶༪ˡ
죡
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׸ôͻƣ˼
ͺʱĲ࣬ߴﵽڵҲɱҪɱ䣬ȴô׵飬Ԫʱ򣬳еһŻԵĹͻһľϵľɱ䡣
еΣͻҲ˵ޱȣƶɡڣ붼δе£Ȼͻľ飬ȴ޷ҵ֮ϵ
΢ּ䴫һ˿⣬ԳڵΪѾǺּ֣˵Ļ֮У޷ܵе罣Էɶоʮֵ
硭
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һ̣ǰһĿ˲俴˰֮Уֻεɫ֮У磬ɫƶƮ
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ŷ磬Ʋϵıãʱأʱʱɽʱͬϸ˿侹Ȼ֮Ρ
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ϥޱȵƽʱط·ֻʣ·ƣƶƽ㡣
һ淨һȻӰ졣
ȻǷʧƲһж·ֹһ㡣
һεԳΪ𶯿һĽͷ·һ޴Ƽ롣

ּ䣬һСĵţΪףɾ̽鸽ϰɵľ롣
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36 
֪Ѿ̤쾳ʵɲǸո̤߿ɱȣѰһҲɵնɱЩո̤ߡ
СӸոͻߣʵɱʵԽǿɱ֮Խʢ
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ҲûָԼļܹɵƭƫƫͨ߻УЩ߶ҵĸ߲㣬Ժʮֵ˽⣬ƭǿɲס
ȻҶԺ˵˽⣬ѵ㻹²ʲôˣ뿴񣬻˵
һӵ֮У츳ǳ˭ȻԳʮֵ˽⣬֮ǰڳȻټͷΣʵԣ֪˲٣ȴ޼֪룬Ҳ
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û뵽ϵȻͽͽҲȻ;̤죬ϵҪ֣˵²ǳҵĵһšЦ
ҵɫ΢䣬ǳҵڶ֣صǿߣԳҺҵĳԹ񣬾ԲܷŹԷŶԡ
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37 ȥ
ɱ
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ЩĺߣûпУĵĸ߶ĺصߡЩ˵ʵҷֳĸһӿһξ룬Ҫ׷ԷҲô׵顣
֮ǰû취ڡЦһ̣гһһ޴Ľӿ
֣űڿըĹ㣬ЩȴգۼǽԲʮֽȥΪǣǹ㾹ȻڲϵɢͬƮһ㣬ɢȥ

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ŭţҲ쾳Ԫ٣Ҫϸ
͵һ̤֮䣬ȻǱû֮ʱٶȣٵӴܡ

һһĽ⻮ͬһ㣬˲Խ֮ľ룬ĺԹᴩ
˫ԲüĴһ޴ѪźͷŭôҲû뵽ʮȻһδС
С֣ɱΣˣҲҪҶҪĴЦ
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ȻΪϸֻϧǵĵͼƺЩȫ
ŵͼҲΪʲôҵ˻һƬҪ֪ϸɻһξ롣
ϧҵӲûҵϸĶޡƲƲ죬Ǽǵ֮ǰ˺޵ĴսֶûκޣȻ޵ʵ
ޣȵȡƺʲôطߡǰһͻȻֺѰϸͬǿޣ䡣ͬѰҶʱޣѰҶĹޣ²ɺô򵥡
ѵػޣ
ԺһͷһЩǿ֮Ϊ˱󱲴ţԼĶһЩǿ޽ƣֹߴС
ػޣǾ鷳ˡɫ
ֺ޵Уֺʵ㣬޵ʵԲ֮ǰ޿ɱȡ޵Ԫ߻ҪȻֺ֪˶ãԲᳬ꣬Ҳ˵ɱֺֻ޻ܻšǶпֻػޡ
ֻ쾳ػޡ
һֻѾǴﵽ߰زεޣҪ붴Ѷȿ֪
һܹȾָġ̾һ
ǿػǳңҲҪ㳲пܶԸֻޣǶõ˼Ȼػޣڿ϶ҲвĽƣΣޱȡ
ĿǰҿȾָġЦҡҡͷڵʵ˵ǶԸߣǶԸɱޣֻ¶в
ϵıﲻ٣˺ҩУΪҪǳȻϷöԾС
߲Ƹ٣Ҳδ̫һЩɣԾĿǰһС
֪֮˶ıȴΪϵıԭǴľĺãڳУóһˡ
ͻƵ죬뷴ǲôżһ·ϱ߱żҲ֣ΧûޣûĶ֡
һ·ߣһ·Ȼ˰µʱ䣬߳˺
ˡǴ̵϶һ˿Ц⣬һνջС̤쾳Լ֮ǰûԤϵġ
ᣡ
źǷоâһεᣬչ¶ͷǵĵһս


38 
֮һźɫ仹һ߽˺С˲ǱˣǸոմӺ֮гĳ롣
ںд˼£εɱһ·Ѿˣϵ·Ƥɣ·ں֮иΪʹ
ûڳֱͣ˹ȥ
˵ҼԼŮˡһ˵
Ȼ˵ˣҴС㣬ҲǺеߣ˵Ųʮ꣬ѾǺصΪˡһƤӿڵ
ǣҴСںҲŽǰʮţ˳ҼţѰ˭ȵһ߸п
֪Ҽ˭𣿲ǳǳ룡
Ҷȥ룬⻰һŲȿգˤڵءףף
ЩɵˣʶʲôҴС㣬ҲΪԼܹҼȤôͻȻԼף
鲻ͬѰ˼ңŮԼǵףұͱȲϳңҲʲô顣
ҴС㣬ѵǸŮӣüͷһ壬ԺһǸصŮ
ѹǻףѾ֪ҵݡЦһģʮֵİڳҶԣ˲٣ֻҪ΢һ£֪ݡ
Ʒҡҡͷȥ£֮󣬾ֱصСԺ֮С
ү
ͻȻſڵƷɣһ㶣ž
үˣүˣ
˵ܿ;ڵĳ͹飬˼æ䣬糾͵ĳ룬һͬʱҲһ˿ο֮ɫ
ܹŻֻø˵飬ʱҲΪ뵣Ĳ٣ۿһٽɳ뻹δеĵĿ֪
С룡оο֮ɫǳӵһ֮б뾭һܹȹߣԺ·Ҫ˳٣ܹۼͨҲһ׮Ը
С룬ʵ´ų룬ͻȻɫ͵һ䣬ϵϢȻʮΪҪɢζ̤쾳еΡ
΢΢˵ͷͻƵ쾳ûдȥֻҪߣ϶ֲᷢףµѾ̤쾳
飬СԺûҵķԸ˭ҲýһԵĹ
ǣ˵ͷ
ͳصС
С룬ʲôʱͻģһ£ͼæ׷ʵ
쾳㵱ڳ͵ʱҲǺضѣܹڲʮ̤쾳ģҵʷϣҲ޼ϸǿδܹš
Ű֮ǰ̤֮쾳뿪ڵ
֮·ûнңһжԼĻԵҡҡͷһο˵
̤쾳ĳԤϣĳҲһ˳ǵţڳȴȵ츳ĳɾֻҲ֮ϣ̤ϸҲûпܡ
ˣҸղŽǵʱ˵ˣͻȻʵ
㶼֪ˣ΢΢һ㶣Ц֪ôģͻȻס
ͻȻףǴ˳İţԭǴóϧºͳģڳͳ˽ǰȷֻǺ찵ΪһֱǿҲͲٶᣬ뵢ϧ¡ǳͻȻչֳǿ츳ǱԭϧµĳȻϣϧԼĶϱͬ˼ֻ»ûȷϾڻû꣬Щ鶼Ҫȳ֮ȷ
˭Ҳû뵽ѾవжµʱͻȻס
ںȹҵˣӦʱ֪ҵġһƽ˵
ѹ֣˵ϺôͻȻף֪츳ˡɫһ˿֮ɫ
Ҳ֪츳ףп϶ʮֵĸˣɶԷ֪츳ףǴһ̡
Ǿܾ𣿡뿪ڵ
⣬¼˵ٿһ¡Щε
ұ˴ϵӵУͻȻΪһ츳ŮףһʱҲþܾܲ˵±ǰжҪô˵ҿ϶ЩڼϵʱΪ֪ͼ룬вЩøУϾҴС츳ҲٴϵضһԵʱһû˷£ֻǿǵϧ£Ҳû̴Ӧѡ
С룬Լ˼أ³ҲЩԲ룬
ϧºҴС츳Ϊ࣬Ȼиϧ£ҴСϣԳͬвٺô
˻벻ĬԳϧµĸоԼҲ˵壬Ϊ֮ǰĲʶԼԳϧио
²ż㻹ûִ꣬ﵽ쾳ʱǡЩòע⣬Ц˵
ںУľǵߡ񻰣Щѹֵ˵
Ѿ֪ǾȻ׷ɱӹһ٣ϧǵ˸ϵʱѾʧһɱ
ľǵɱޣ׷ɱһţҪ룬ɱľˡ
ѵûҾ˵ɫһЩΪ˾³վ֪ͨʱ򣬾ȻûᵽѵԷ뺦ɣ
뿴۳˵ں֮Уɱľǲٳնɱһľǵߣ񣡡
նɱߣһŵĿų룬ﾪ
ߣһ֮УҲǿߣȻڸͻ쾳󣬾նɱߣʵЩԤϡҪ֪ߣɶ似ĴڣʵȽϴ󣬷նɱ
ͻʱЩ򣬼ʦµ似Ҳնɱ񡣡뿪ڵ
ááЦΣ붼նɱߣͻ쾳һ£նɱһ¡ܹնɱһ似ߣսٴﵽһغڵĲΣ
Уҵ֪һЩ顣ͻȻ
ԣвһæ׷ʵ˵Щʲô
Ҵе֪ľ֣ңһսȼ
ҴԶģû뵽Ǳ֪ˣҲ֪ǲ⡣һЦ
굽׷ʲô顣
ŶӣҲ׳Ѿɳ̾ĸұĸ׻غǣںһսõѣҵĽֳϹԱشϸǿߣҺĸߵĻᶼûС
ԱشϸϹϸǿߣɫ΢䣬ҪԱΨдﵽϸΪУΪֻӵϸѹԪԱ쾳߸޷Ա
ǰϹ츳ˣҪһ·ָ㣬ҵܴﵽأһӲλͬϸΪҺĸһ˿ϧջûܱסĸ׵˫΢죬һʹ˵
ȻûһսҲ֪һ˶ԿλͬǿߵǺε˵ãڵʵԸͬߣޱȵĳɡԷλϸǿߣбɱ֮ģһսȻޱȵĲңܻ


39 
ֳںҲǶţҪΪңҲ䡣ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ô£˵ľǸûϸǿߣôϸǿ׷ɱæ׷ʵ
һ¶ӣμ׷ɱҵߣľǻгˮǣһϸ߾ǳˮ棬ˣǼŵĵӣһǼųϵӣүүϸصǿߡ
ϸأ
ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ͼţ뿪ڵ
ҺͼЩͻͨļŵӲ£ѰϸҳҲδ¡ϸأȴǳܹǣʱ˵ҶḲԵһص壬һֱû뱨£Ҳûǲ𣡡
Щѹ֣һ̫ţԷ󽣵Ĵڣ˵һֱ̣ȻǶԷΧɱ丽ϡһսһ᲻Ҳͳһ
ҲˣԭЩǲģû뵽ȻԼ֪ˣҲ⣬츳ﵽֳĲҲǲܣȻǲЩġ
ǽʲô֣׷ʵ
үүԺߣ̤ϸҲûҪ֪˵
ʮǰ׷ɱĵѾϸΪʮ˵ΪȻǿϸﲻҪ𣬸û˿Ŀܡ
㵱ȼڡЩصʵ
ȼֻʧһʮԪһ쾳߶ԣ̫ȼչֻ࣬ʣ¼ԪҲûпܡ뵱ȻϣǰһҲףǳսܹôǿߵΧɱ֮»ȼյԲ١
аҡһƽ˵
꣡
΢΢һΣȻϵԪֻ̫ʣ°ԪĸϵһܡЩҪڻ˸£ΪѰ찵ҩ϶ܶһʱ䡣
ѹĸ뿪ôʱ䣬ȥֻʱ㻹ףҲˣ츳ȵһǿҲˡһƽ£Ѿ
΢΢ͷƺ뵽ʲôæʵţ
ֺ費ٺôȻ˶ԷԼ飬ϢؾŸ֪ٻ
ţһ㶣ͷڵźͼһǺڵţһεţ˵ϸ˾صǿϻǼǿߡ
Ŷǰһû뵽ô͵֪˾ŵϢҪֺ轫Ϣƺôѡ
Ǿʲôطæ׷ʵ
ҾͲ֪ˣȻں˲ٵطȻμЩŵĿˣ;ĸףȻ㣬ԲδμӹЩŵĿˣҲ֪ŵʲôطҡҡͷЩֵôȻ£
ֻЩ⾪ŶѣͼȣǸǿ벢㽫ֺ˵л漰ϸĶǶɲڵĳܹ̽ġ
ߵʵڲ֮䡣
ԣҲû룬ЩһţЩжԣȻϸĳУǰҲһĴڰˡ

ϢܿڳҴܶ߶˽һεĺѾ̤أҲʮֵĺ棬ͬǽĳ룬ΪִﵽʲôΣ
СԺУں罣罣ǵϸܱͲͻ쾳֮ʱ֮˿ںϣ罣ҲǸһ㣬һ似
ںϽһɵ飬һľʮֵķḻںҲʮֵĳϾ֮ǰ罣ʱϸΪڲ쾳Ƿ֮ں϶޷
룡
ڳһոóĽһϤĶֻԶſڣһϤ˲Ǳˣǳ
ͻȻ벻һ㶣ڵôˣ
ڳ̸ϺøУҲ̸ж񣬲£ԳȷǶ˼˿
ʱе㡣˵
˵ɡ
лϴں֮оңҪ֣ҿѾˡм
ںб׷ɱҪǳ뼰ʱȣѾ˲Բܻ
ء뿴۳ֻǺܺ棬Ϊʲô¼˲֪
ιҪ¡
ߺ󣬵£֮۷ȥץһľǵߣе֪㲻ѾѣնɱɽҾʱϢ˵ȥϣ㲻ҪҡԴǸ
ԭˡ
˿Ҳף˳ǳóҵѰ֪ѾѣٴĵóҵѰңľǵ˿϶뵽ݣȻ᲻ϧһд׷ɱ
ˡ˵ͷ
Ȼ֪̤أһں֮Ҳû˿ջԹᣬһǻȫһսڵ
Ҳϣȫһս΢΢ͷѾ̤صĳĶ֣ڻ¶ʱ
ͳϢܿڳҴ˲ٵĲ²⣬ΪԣΪϧֻ˭Ҳ֪ҳԭ
ļ֮УƽյݽڼҲȥòο˼似
Ĳú罣Ȼں似ĲΣʩչȴҲ似

СԺУһӰеĺɫϵĻû˿媣ƣʱƮݳʱɽ
ǽӿԲڵĳ޷ŽƮ

ȻһƮĳҲ֮ɢһء
ˡսԶһ˿Цݡ
罣ݺĥ㳹׵ݳ֮ǰ罣֮ϵ裬ȻŴã⽣֮ϣѾڴɡ󽣵ĺôȻĹԶѴڵĽӵ鷳ʱһ⽣ͷ·ĿӡԺһ㣬ֻҪԼܴɡ
׽һ۷ߣҲ塣оâ
ʱΪ似ģ似ȴЩ鷳ˡüͷ
Ԫʱߵǻ֮һ쾳ûʲô似ֲ֮ôԣǵ쾳ʹõ似ߵ·ͨսȻۿۣ봴Ľǻ֮һȻǲãȴ罣Ҳǿ˶١
֮һ֮һƵݳһʺϷ֮һ似ǰľֻΪİԽԽС˵ڵѾ˺ǰȫһһ·տʼǰΪľСԼΪǰܹİҲԽԽС
ǰܴһͬԣоţǰȻΪڸߣۼȴԶԶڣǰܹģͬ


40 
֮󣬳һһȵῪʼˡ
峿
ϴϣһɾź䳡ȥ
ʱ䳡Ѿͷܶޱȣҵ߶ڴˣҲ⣬һЩ޷뿪ĸλǧ˶䳡֮⣬һЩǵǰһһȵɲǳҵĹ·ͣͬʱҲǰչʾһʵĻᡣ
¿˿˳ϧµ˾ۼĵط
ԶĹ̨ϣХͳХһڳһ𣬳ҵĳߣұҼڳХԵľһ΢ӷ׵ӣȻ΢֣Ͷ֮䣬ȴһεǾþӸλ֮ˡ
֪λ΢Цʵ
Х쿴۳ķЦ˵λ롣
Ϊ΢΢ͷ
˲ǱˣǺͳҹϵеҼɡ
үӣ֪ϴε飬㿼ǵôɿХ죬˵
ԣХɫЩȻѰӵܣǸŴСףȻ⣬ֻǳȴЩ⣬һʱҲòע⡣
ӻᣬżǳٿҲХ˵
Цŵ˵ͷҲЩΣԴ˵֮;һϹϵõİ취ɾȻ֮ǰĳҲһѡֻǳ⣬׵˲٣Хһֱţ벻ͬһСӣԼʮþȡĽȴЩΣҾȻûдӦòٴ׷ʣϾֻҪһ츳¶׵˿϶١
ƾǿʶͲ˿ķ򣬶һֹһ䳡ϵ̫࣬ϾԼĿ˸޷Ѿ̤쾳
ʱһǹ̨ϵĳХվʽʼϹأ֮У㵽ֹϽˣΥ߱ؽϳ͡
Х쳯һԸλϵ˵ͷ
Ȼȡǩķʽ鵽ͬΪ֣ʤ߽һֱ֣ھһ
ӵܣÿһʸμӱ䣬ǺϵΪܲμӣμӱҲֻжʮ˶ѣ⻹ΪӵŬеԵʡ
ڱĹ򣬳ӵޱȵϤδϹĳͬʮֵһᣬʮĸѾǩ鵽˺ţ΢
ʽʼ鵽һŵ̨ĳ
һľȻǳˣ֣⼸µŬΪ̤ͬ˺صĲΣһսߣǳһôӵܡ
һ󣬳ǵĶ䣬Ǹոͻƣ綼ûȫȹ
仹ڼϧµصΪȻɵսʤ˶֣Ҫ֪һ֮У̤ϵҲֻ˶ѡͬǺصɻʤ
߸صʵֱöֲս
Ķһصߣֱͬ䡣
ֵıԣ䳡ϻʣˣֱǳϧ£룬࣬壬Լһгꡣ֮У˳ʵֻǺ۷֮⣬˶ǺϵΪ
ڣֻûг֣Ǿǳͳ롣
ҫۣҪ٣ϾǺصΪֻǲ֪֪Ѿ̤֮ʲô顣
һ֮ǰ;ˣ֪˭ܽǰ֪ʵ⻰Ȼ˵ڳҵڲɲһܹġ
ϧºͳ嶼Ӧǵѡڵڶҿó룬˵̤أֻѾ̤ءصʵιھĪһЦ
ֻڳĲټóϾ⣬̤أʵһһʵ׾١ڳ룬ȻʱͻʱϾ̫̣һЩʱ䣬п棬ֻڣȻ
Եļһ˿Ц⣬뵱նɱصߣնɱľ̤أȫһǳ룡
ֱ俪ʼһϳľȻǳĶǳȻֻǺ۷ʵȴûзͳУ̨
ڶǳ룬Ķǳࡣ
̤ͬأȻ֪뾭Ϊܸߣϴʮڽһֱ裬һ룬Ȼ
һΣҲӮҵģ࿴Ŷĳ˵
ְɣȻûᶯ֡һƽ˵
ŭͻƵغΪĥԼͬǰ䳡˵ûܴﵽĸ߶ȣȻҲ
ս
ͺһ˫͵һ̤棬˲ͬڵһ㱬д󵶻һĵ񳯳¡
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ɣǾѪģô׾ͱŵɣ
һĳ룬䳡߲Щɵۣ׷ֻЩѰߣǸ䳤ϿһĻҲһ㶣ת׼뵱޷ܿҪ־¶Է
ۡ
˲佫嶴
ȻǱĳ룬ȴһ㶣ĳû˿Ѫ
ٶеڴʱһϤڳ౳ͷһֻվھһɿĵط
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ͫ͵һо֮ɫʵȻûпѾܿΨһĿܾǳʵ̫
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Ϻ꣡
һЦݵɣļжǼΪˬ֮ǰȻҲԳĹۣȴóкͳʵ˿̳չֳʵȴʵʵڵĸǣѾ߱ھʸ
ֻǺأХüͷ΢壬ڳܿһʱоһ˿ζ
ֻһ뵽̤쾳ȴЩš
ˣصʵҲĳҵԤϡХ쿴̨ϵĳ룬оο֮ɫ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǺصΪѣܹڰʱ֮УﵽأѾţ쾳ӵܹʮ֮ǰ̤쾳ҲǼ١
ʵȷǿҲǶ֡࿴۳룬һҲ䣬Ӯңʹң
ȻˣˣһһƷ˲ࡣ
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ܵϮƷ磬༱æӶеĴ󵶵ֵ
ֻصʵεסĹд󵶸սӴƷ磬һɿֲϮ˲佫ɳȥ


41 ھ֮
һУֻһУصĳ㱻ֱɳȥ
ɫһãԼͬû뵽ܣȻܣȴѾǳԭ򣬲ȻһоԲֻǽɳȥô򵥡
ˣһ̨ϵĳ빰˹֡
ǰһ̻Ҫͳȫһսգۼֱܣչֳʵڳ˶סˡ
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ţһ˻ӳչֵĳʵԣѾӵвڳʵ
𼤶ĳһһɫЩÿչֳʵԽǿǳܵĻԽ˵λöڳϡ
ʤˡ̨ϣСš
ԭ⣬Ǻǵĵһţҵһڶ˭뵽ʮ֮ǰһᣬһô۵ĳȻչֳǿʵ츳
ȻǿɫصĿ̨ĳ롣
Ȼ֪̤أնɱɽһʱԼͬûţɹ̤صĲΣһһŲ似Ǹոճչֳʵȥܵ˾޴ѹ
ϳǳϧºͳ壬˶ǺصΪ̤صʱҲʵΪĽӽ˵Ľ֣ҲǱڣΪʵһԡ
֪һս˭ʤ̨ϵˣХ૵
˵Ѿ֣˴˵ʵȴʤ֮䣬Ҳ޷
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ߡϴ룬ҾͲ㶼ӮˡҲǱһ֮ǰûںͳһ£ֻǼʶʵ֪ǳĶ֡
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ͺһд󵶷ĻӶһĵ⳯ϧºݺݵ˹ȥ
һҪסԲСĺȣϧһ˿֮ɫ
ųʵԽԽǿϧҲоԼͳĲ࣬ܵģųʵͳΪˡһʱƴ̤أںͳһսǾԼܡ
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˭ҲԸʹ䣬һ㶼ûֳʤʱʧ˵ĶԷ࣬ȻǵڣѾ۷״̬

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Ұܰɣ
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䣬Ҳ䣡
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ԼŮҲߣͺʵϧ൱ΪҪǣ˵ϧºͳСʱĻԼȻҲ׳û̴ӦҲⷽء
ϧȻӮˣӮȴɣֻ˵ʤ˱ƴȫǿ˭־ӵǿָܹáճϧƾǹ־֧ţȡʤ
һһǰǹ̨ϵĳХɫҲʮֵѿܹǰԤ֮Уֻû뵽Ȼܸ˳ϧ¡
ǹھᣬ鵽հǩֿգճ鵽˿հǩͳϧҪϳԡ
ҷ
ϧֱӿڵ
ͳһսڵľ;ҲļһصߣʤοѾ̤صĳ롣
ϧ䣬û̫˸еȣغͺز౾ͲСο֮ǰͳһսľ޴û㹻ʱ䣬޷ԡ
ųϧ䣬ĿĹھ֮ҲĻһսǹھ֮УͬҲһļ֮˭ʤܳΪҵһ
ಡಡ
ӰԾ̨
룬˵ʵ֮ǰҸû㡣Ŷĳ룬˵
⻰룬ʵ֮ǰ뻹ǺصΪ֮ǰΪ츳ֻڶûﵽأμʸûСѾ̤صĳˡ
ʱ䣬ĳɳٶԶԶҵԤϣҶû뵽һ̤أҲ䣬һȫһսдһһ֣ص˵
ʮһֱХ統һļôΪһԼȻûв벻ǣвˣȻһδеꡣȻ֪ܿܲǳĶ֣ʮŬȴԸһսֻһ֮ͬΪʮŬһ˽ᡣ
Ȼȳһ̤أ
Ļڳ˶һ㶣˭Ҳû뵽һֱͬĩ˵ĳ룬Ȼͬһĳһ̤ء
ȫְɣȻûлˣһƽ˵

̫ˡ
ȳһ̤ڴҶǺأ˭˭Ӯ֪أ
⻰һ߶ʱը˹Ȼʱչֳʵ츳ľôԳγɵģȻǼᶨվ˳ߡ
С룬㣬һӮϧ̨ϵĳ룬о֮ɫ
һ·ųɳͬԳġ
ս
ͺһֻԼ֪⻰ûп˼ȻͻƵ˺أȴ˵ܹնɱɽȴˡ
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֪ʵ˿˿иһ֣ȫԸ
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ôܣ
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̫ˡ
һ硣
ǻþɱĺڼֻҲκβðɣ
̨ϵļҲǸпѣٶȣҪʤˣ
ÿ죬ҾȻɫ΢䣬Ͼ֮ɫԳʵǶһ˽⡣
纣
һУʱʩչԼѧĺ似ʮնŵǳһλϸǿǳҺ似֮ǰĴڡԳصʵʩչǵͬһһ롣
Ǻһĵ⣬˵жǵ似Ȼǿ󣬵һζܣδܹκε˶ԷϾǿ似ҲйΧģٶȫԱܿ
ֻһǣһγ벢ûбܿĴ㣬гһһĽ˺ˡ

£˲䱻һΪɢգۼǿֲĺ˾ȻʧӰ١
˿ֲĹȻһˣ
˽һ
һĻ̨ϵɫһ䣬㾪
ԣ˽һûﵽǸΡХоâȴ΢΢ҡҡͷ
˽һߣܹﵽҲ࣬ҴﵽҲ޼һ֮Ҳ


42 
Ȼûﵽ˽һĲΣҲֻҪȥһܹﵽ˽һХ̨ϵĳ룬Цݡ
һﵽ˽һľ磬̤쾳һ۷ߣδǳĶ֡
СӵĽ츳ôǿХɫޱȵѿȷ˳Ľ磬Ҳͳľ޴ࡣ
ۻʹ绹ջ۵˽һľ磬ȴҪԣȻҲô߶޷̤磬֪ߵԪǴﵽꡣ
Ѿ˽һɫ䣬ԭΪԼһǿĺ似Ժͳһսף֮Ĳˡ
似ѧƣֻҪ㹻һܶȫһǲࡣ
룡ڵ֪ǿϣȫʵһսҪķڷ
˻һһǳĬȻ˽ֲУУȴƴȫɵľͻˣ˫Ĳɼһߡʱ׿ڳԼ룬ȻвԸϣȴ⻰û˵
ãͷһƽϣ㻹һս֮ģ
ˡ
ɻ󲻽ʱ򣬳϶ȻӿһǿޱȵϢһΪļһɾ޴˲ѹ
ǡѹ
ܵǿƣɫһ䣬ﾪ
ѹֻжԺ߲ãһ̤죬ɾֵܵȻʹƣԳȴֱӶѹ
쾳
ܣ
ôᣬû꣡
̨ϵ߶쾳Ĵڣڳ߶ʱѾһ׷վһŵĿ̨ϵǸꡣ
죿
Цɣ
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̨Χ۵ĳӵҲɵˣͺֻһܹ֮ͻƵȴ֮٣֮в֪жٵ߱ں޷ڣһʮ겻ȻͻƵ죿
СߣϧϾǲ֮ɫ쾳ڳҲֻжʮ˶ѣһһǿߡ
쾳û뵽һǿۡȺУһŮĿת
쾳Ů۹⻹ǡɼɫͨ졣
ȻҲó룬óܹھ̤쾳ȴ붼룬ǣѾûжʮµߵˣο뻹ʮ꣬ʮͶʮÿСһ꣬Ƕһ޴ĿԽ
ˣ
ХɫįʮѾ֪һսˡܸХ죬ٰܸ˳룬һĳ׵ס
쾳
ѹͬɽһѹϣЩ
ҾԲܾ䣡ŭţȫ߶ڵֵųƣдһ𣬻һ޴ĵ롣
Ϯĵ⣬гһ΢΢ǰ̳ͬǵ˲飬ɢ
ء
һ죬ֱӱǾ޴ɵ̨֮¡
ܣ
ܵĳ˷ǵû¶˿ӣʮֵƣһսĲ֮
ߣһս١̨ϣһһп˵
˾ǰˡХ絭ȻıûʧһջܣԵ֮λ֮꣬޷֮λصһ֮С
ХĻ˲ɳĬҲ״˿̵ĳХ鲻ܣԭʮþȵļ֮λͻȻͷתˡ˭ֻ¶ùХûеʧ̬ѾʮֵĿˡǲ֪ʵڳʵХ͸˽⣬ϳȹһǿͻȻԲ˿ơ
Ļھ룬Ϊ˳ԾǣȻ̤죬źܿϢͻںд
޼һŮʮ꣬ѾǺصΪ
޼Ǻʲôҳ¼ҲһŮûòʮ꣬ѾǺصΪ
̨϶ʱʱԼڵŮһȫû˼ģǽֱĴ衣Ҳѹǻˣ츳ȵĳҪĳ֪ףڵĳ뻹ûԼܲûǸϺѾռ

ʱ֡
ҿʼʢ磬ļ̳ڶ£ΪҪǣףͻ죬֮λһʮߴĳɸԭûң˿ҲǷ׷׸ǰףأһЩֱӰڵŮӴ˹ᣬò֡
ƤɵսģǵĴڸ£֣ڳϿ޴ǰһڳĲŮ趯ۻҡ
ΪӮң˿̣Ѿ֪˺˶ơ죬ӵܣһЩŻŮ׷ǰƣʶһҵһţҲǺǵһš
Ѿ쾳ЩͨľˮȲȻɾ鷳ˡпЦ⾴Ƶ˴Ὺʼûͣ¹
룬徴һڴʱһĺߡ
˲ǱˣǳХӣԣֻĳͳϧȫûһƣһŮһҰޡ
С룬ǼϧզԵ
һ㶣ʱЦƵĻѾ֪ٴΣЩǰЩʹ
Ƭ̺󣬲ǿ˵壬ڻᣬ׷Ѱ
츳׷ҲΣϣ㲻Ҫ˺ϧ£Ѿͷĸ̫ˣǿˡ̾һ
ϧµĸףĴȴΪ˾ȳԣں֮У˵˶ɥĸҲСʮ׽ԭɡ
ġ֣صĵͷ
ҹɫһ߷׷뿪Ҳʼƽ
롣Х쿴۳룬쾳õһΪҳһͻСѵʱʱμ֮λΪѾ̤죬ԿԵõһǾΣ
û⡣
ԭһֻҪﵽ쾳ͿԵõһȻȻԡ
һ϶˵ͷǳĹأΪΪһģδʱ̤쾳һ㶼̤쾳֮ٽǡ⣬Ȼֱӵõ
ҿ͸𣿡
ԣһֻԼʹáҡҡͷĿɲͨǼ̳˵λá
ˣҲҪˡԣֱӿڵ
ʲô
˻һλ϶һ£Ҫ֪Щϣû˶ֻХЩʵǿĳϲУĳõĶαѡ
ναʵǲĶϺͷʽնıȴûдﵽĲΣıȻȲҲԶԶֱǲٵ̲쾳ߵѡ
룬ĲҪХü롣
ѾһƷײͣ㹻ԼˣûбҪȻˣҲûáָָԼϵĺ
ʵû˵ֺǼӵϳ֮ǰˮѾˣֶһѣȻûбҪҪô࣬Ҳòˡ


43 ԽԽ
ýХָ棬һѪ˳Žڵϣ÷ĽƷ׵ȷ
Х֪ǰⲻ۵ĺڽǳ֮õһ϶ܵ˵˵ڳĶǶԳҾĵˣ֪Խ࣬¶ĻԽ󡣾£ڳХԶӵĽ
ȷǲҪˡХ˵ͷ
۵ıһ߶֣Ǹﶯģȱľɱ˶ᱦĺˡ
ҪЩʲôܿڣܹһ㡣Х
츳ڳ֮ϣǳĵһţѾͻϸķţֳһ츳ĺ󱲣ȻҪȫһһϸǿߣǳҵĵλҲߡ
ҪһЩΪĵҩ뿪ڵ
ҩХ΢΢üͻ죬ʹõҩδвʲô¡
ʵͻѾһʱˣһնɱ񣬾ȹ̡˵
ʲô
ɱ񣿡
ڳ˲ſų룬ΪߣȻϢǿ似ǿߡȻնɱһʱ붼ڳңҲ˵նɱں֮УҲǰ֮ǰǰնɱ쾳ߣһ似ߣʵЩš
Ȼˣһ˸׼һЩҩ͵ҩҲӦ֪쾳ĵҩҩڳҲǼΪ󣬲ܸ̫ࡣХ룬˵
ȻͳԴȴ޵ģͨļӵܶԣҺܸԣ쾳ΣҪĶںеĲҲ࣬ԳҵߣʵӹҲǽͰ͵ġڵԣҪϺܶࡣ
ͷҲףҪȻҵߣҲֻжʮˣΪԴ֧ЩߣѾǳҵļޣٶ࣬Ҿ벻ˡ
һҪ֮һ似ԽԽã
ԽԽã˶ǲĿų롣
֪似ѶȲС似ΪԴߣѾǼޣٶûʲôôˣȴҪԽԽá
룬似Ⱥ似ʮֵѣ̰ãѧ̫δʲô¡Х룬ûбҪһ³룬·
״ֻýԼĪеʦ˳֪Ҫܶ似ԭΪʦҷģ²йԡ
ʦ𣿡ڳ߶һ㶣ʵܹôεʱﵽ죬Ҳ²뱳и˽̵Գ˻һȻЩȣҲܿȻ
ʵмһֱûиߴңԪˮͻϸķţҺʹ÷ֵģǳʦҵġХĿɨˣ˵
Ҿ˵治֪ûʲôƤôȻͷˣ
ҵʱҲЩƣû뵽Ȼǳʦ͸ǵġ
۷׷ףȻЩɣǳĽƻǳХ죬ܺңҲû룬˿̳Х˵̷˲Ծ
Ȼʦ𷢹ģҲöʣᾡѰҷ֮һ似Ҳ似󣬶ǳԪˮ似ˮ֮һΪ֮࣬һ似ࡣХ˵
ͷ
ˮŨʺˮ֮һѡҲûеģ֮еˮ֮һ似ȻҲࡣ

ųĻַɿںд˶֪ĳҵһȵҪţžǳĶӡ
ʮ쾳һʱ䣬˺ͬ󱲵żΪʼŬУǹһ񳱡
ľǡ
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ˣһСɱˣǾȻԷݶȷҼ޵пǰλϺԼӣŭ
쾳ɲǺߣһҲеۣο츳̤صĻҲǼǿҵĶսˣ
СԳѦһӦѦҵˡҿڷŭе޵Уͷ˵
Ѧң޵һЦѦҸûһѦһӵܣ
˼æ
޵пҪĲļҪ֪˭ʲôˣ
˻̱֪ͣѦһʵݡ
Ҷӣҿ϶㵽޶ȥһԵ޵ɫŭ
ԣ˫һ˿֮ɫȴǲҿڷ
ʱҲڣСʲô޵еĿ⿴һԵ
ҵƲ⣬Ӧǳҵˣһ츳ߵҲǳ˷ǳ˭һ֪Ѿ˵ǣǵѾźܿͻϢ
޵ĵ˵ͷĿ⿴һԵͷѧѧҪ룬ʲôһɣһɱˡ
һ˿֮ɫûɱ˳أΪµģڳݣһ²⣬û˿֤ݣһĽܳޣȴ޵бһĲֵ
вʣ޵еĶӣȴܶԴ
޵УһһǺڵģŭš
ˣ
ڴʱһӰɿĳ˴֮С
ʲôˣˣ׵޵мæʵ
룬ڳڣΪѾﵽ졣˼æ
ʲô
˻һڵɫ͵һ䡣
룬ĶӣǲİΧɱڳ߼μһΧɱȻشʧͬСڳԸӣҲʱ̹עţر֪뼸ΪˣҸ߲㶼ޱȵĸˡ£޵ѵ
һķСӣȻͻƵ죿
ҼǵǷƺʮɣ૵
׵޵ԣһŭǷʲô
ҡ죬һߡ
ʮ죬ⶼǷһ˳ǣм߲Ƿ
ɱӦþˡһԵ̾һ
Ҳû뵽룬һͬߣȳ츳˭뵽֮Ϊ꣬Ȼ̤죡
䡫
ֲϢ˲޵еϱߵκ͵ϵĴʯذ˲䱻ǿķ顣
ááصĻãû뵽Ƕƭˣ޵һŭ
ԣڶʱ˶ףһ鷳ˣһʮߣп̤ϸһ׵ĳɳȴҵľֻиһ;
ô죿һ߿׵޵УڵңȵԳľػҪϾ
ô죿޵һЦܹɱǾܶɱ룬һȥžۣ
δ䣬ֲɱ⣬޵Ϊ¶ȣƺ˲½˺üȡ
ѪɱԽԽǿˣֻ¾Ҫ̤صĲˣһ⡣


44 
ֳ˺ǽʮ겻쾳߸пʲôšͳȣǿеżֱ߹
뽫˳ϧ£Ѿ쾳ЧѾֵҩںߵЧá
İӿ˿̵ĳٴοųṩĵҩԼϵĵҩΪٵ
ҽеַ֮һ似Ҳ͵˳Уһǵǽ似̫٣벻òӽõϣܹиһЩ
ʱһΣһ¾ѾȥʱУΪҲﵽһ۷壬ֻһ̤ءûżͻأǿʼԼ
СԺУһӰĶгһ趯
ȻںϽҪҽһ似ɵĵزҲҪСɵĵزܿʼںϡڣҲŽ似Сɶѡ̾һ
󽣵һɣɣҪ֦Ҷף֦ҶҪȥ似СҪ󡣾һµǽŷ֮һ似СɵĵزҲԷ֮һĸԶѰߣһߣû£޷
˵似ѾСɣȴ֪ںϣΪӵḶ́ݲðҪϵݺ
С룡
ڳ˼ԼôʲôطֵʱһϤı
ŤͷһֻɫЩ԰׵ĳųϵʧҲԽԽ
ôˣæ
Ҵȥĸס
һ΢΢˵ͷԽԽ٣ȥĸҲԤ֮С
ڶһ磬ͳͬ飬һ뿪˺ǡĸĪ룬ڳһɽУԭǳҵķԴ֮أҲǳҵأų汻Ϊ뿪ҵȱƽﻹкڼѲӡ
СʱųΣʱ̫ãԭ֮ǰǸļ䣬뱾ӡ󲢲
Ī룬ˡǰСʯѣ˵һСڳˣѾˡ
һʱ䣬Ҿͻȥ㣬ʱֿһˡ
϶˵ţ˵˴Цݣ˵Ĵһʹ࣬ĳҲѹֲѡ
˵ô࣬Ҳۡһ˿飬Ŀ⿴˲Զһʯѡ
С룬ҴϹ¹ڣԱʬ嶼û£ֻýǰҵһĵ£һ¹ڣҵĴ磬Ҳľˣһݡ˵
˵ͷʯѰ˰ݣǿڵ󲮣Ȼûм㣬ȴо֮ʵ㹻ұضᱨ֮𣡡
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֪ʲôʵߵ죬Һοĸ׻һҲοѾûʲôźˣĸһ¶ôãһ·һƽ˵
Ҳ¡뿪ڵ
أԼ·ҪߣߵԽԶҾԽˣԽġҪΪҵУȻˣҲᰲġ

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ˣ֮󣬲ǿ˵
Ҳ̫ңҡ״¶Цݣһɵ˵
ջǶ뿪ɽȣֻ뿪֮ǰ̽壬֪Ԫĸ£Ȼ£һ·ȴǰ¶ģҲҪꡣ


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Ԫһ¶ʮֵƽ˿ȴͻȻ˹ĲЩһԲ쾳ܹġ
ˡ
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ѵ֮гʲô£üͷ΢壬ͳһʲô£ôҿ϶׵塣
˿µĲϸߣֻҲ׷ʲô£üͷ壬ļʶȻܹоǿĲжôǿ
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ϣ뿴ǰãɫѿ˼㡣
ԪȻңԶ˺Ҳ޷ѣͣǡȻѰ߿ͣ£һȴУǾڳϸĳĽƣһǿͣ£ͻʧˣ߻ħпܡϿǳҵĶ룬һϳ£ԳҾһ޴Ĵѹ֮ǰûмХˣԭ뵽ĽƼԵΣ
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˾޴ĲҲϸХɫأӦǺĵط֪
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˾޴ĲҪôǿߵżϸĴڴսǿһ֣ҳҶԶǺ£ڼϴڵδҳΣӣһоɫ˵
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˶̾һ˾ƣϵȴ֪ܲġ
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Ǵϣ
˵ɫһ䣬һ̣ԳХΪףһ̳ãϾԲܳ£е뷨ԪĲʱĳѾᡣ


45 ׳
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Եȣе´һ¡׳˹֣ԶĿյصǳɡ
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УҪҲġХҡҡͷɫһ˿ɡ
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Х쵱ǵ˰ߣͬҴճߣһʮˣٵȥ
뱾ҲȥϾŸոͻ죬ʵ̫ǰߣصΪҴճˣҲ̤Ĵڡ
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ӣλǿѾ뿪ϣʲô鷳̾һԭΪͻƵ죬һЩԱ֮ԪĲʵԶԶ

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Ĺǰʱʱ˵ʲôԶĹ޷еľݡ

쾳ߣٶȣԶǺ߿ɱȣХһ·񱼣ԪԴͷȥ
ɫ׵ķбŨǵʱһѾ˺⣬̶ʱǧҲܹߣȫĸ·ҲʮֵĳʵߣѾͷ󺹣ЩǰĳХˡ
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֮ǰǿյأһϾ
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ͻȻܳߣǺͳĽһǿߣѾһʮ꣬ⲻ֪Σյ̽飬Ϊߣ޺ܽȴѡ˵һ֡ΪߣǱѾþ㵽ҲصΪΣյ̽飬ȻΪá
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ԭӳʮɣʯ̨Իһξ룬ȴ·ײһǽϣֱӱײõɳȥ
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һѪӳԭĿɫҲǱò԰Ȼһ˲ᡣ
ԭ壬û°ɣɽæǰ
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ԭȻˣȴҲ̽һЩõϢǾʯ̨ѹ൱ֲֵܵġ
ֻҳˡХҧҧֲѹ˶죬ɽ޷ҲС
Х죬ôòôһ̱ﲻɣڳХ㳯ʯ̨ȥʱ򣬲ԶͻȻӰһЦ
޺ۣˣХɫһ˲Ǳˣľǵĳϣ޵еĸ磬޺ۣ


47 ϸ
Һͳ𣬳˼棬ۺ죬޺ۣХȻûʲôɫ
бȥðɣХ쿴ʯ̨λãЦ
޺˳ųХĿ⿴ȥȻǿ˾޴ʯ̨ȻЩɳХûģҪ˵һ߱治šѾǽӽȻԽһЩҲޣһ·Ƕȫ·ܲûʲôƻĺۼųδصõ˱
㣬ȥ޺ۿߵһߣɵ˵
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ԭǰ˸أϵϢޱȣֻ¶ʱֶ⡣
˵ߣ޺۵ɫ̳ŲԶĳХ죬ЦХ죬ң
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޺һǿڲ࣬ХͬóȻǰȥһʱ䣬˫ǽ˭Ҳûȥʯ̨
Х죬ȥǿˣʲôòһ̽Σ޺ۿ۳Х죬
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ζҪԣҪǵЩϼһˣ鷳ͯ̾һ
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޷һЩѹѣϷ򻹿סͯһƽ˵š
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ڵﴫһը죬ԪΪģϵĻӿ뵽ľ֮Уת뵽֮С
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ʮߣ츳Ǿ޽Уҵ伮֮Ҳ޼ֻҪ벻䣬̤嶤飬̤ϸҲмĿܡ
ԸΣܹȹٸҳҼʮ꣬ûϸҲޱȵĶʢХĿ⿴Ͼ֮ɫ


48 ӧ
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ΪӵܣһֱЩȫΪԪʣ޼Եʣȴһֱûлر塣˾޴ΣȻҪص御һ
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һ˲䣬ڵ˼ˣһǰƺıʱ䣬ܹܵԪ춯ĳǳضǿ֮нһƬңû˹ǳһңɱۣɱ
ȿֺˣХοĵ˵ͷ˶ǻ˼ʮϰߣ˭֪˿̽ζʲôһп䡣Ϊ˼壬Ϊ˳ҵδ˶û˿
ǰȥ֧ԮĳϴӣѡĸһͬǰХ翴·һλ˵
ǣǻ̵ͷ
˾ǳĳϣ飬صʵڳҲǶսˡһҲͲʮλߣһɳʮˣѾǳҵļޣٶ࣬Ǿûˡ
ϣҲȥڴʱһͻأڴ֮
Щ۵˵Ŀʱ˳ķ⿪ڵĲǱǳ롣
룬ҪȥХüǳʷеţ˼ԲóΣ֮Уɲݡ
УХҡҡͷ
ХķӦڳԤ֮Уû˿٣ֱӿڵһҪȥΪһɣǼͻƵĵطһ

ԣڵһ㶣ɻĿų롣
֮ǰնɱҵһλߣϵõһݱͼݱͼǹһλϸǿ߶ıͼǿںͻǼǳȴһ㶼֪һһֱǶ֮бչء
⡭
Ļ׵ĳХ㶣ѾЩųĻϾǿǱչ϶쳣ɳȴû˿ķ֡ΨһĿܾǶԷһΪεĵططпܾǳж
ֻҪȶһµͼ֪ﵽǲǶХЩԥһѻ
ãХȡһݵͼͳеĶͼȶ
ȻǶλãԴһĵص㣬ХϾǲ֮ɫ
̫ˣȻϸĶݵͼһõһ˵
ݵͼ˶λãڲУݵͼ̽ϸĶԻһ
˵̫ˣݵͼҲУХϲû˿ϲɫһء
Х˻һˮݵͼǳеġԷһͨ߶ĵͼЩ߲ôûУǿɲɵΪһΨһĵͼһѰߡ
еͼΣǵʵǲ࣬һս
һս
̽ô꣬˫ɱϣⶴҶбͼӲöԷռôĻԵȻȴҵֻиһ·
ĵͼûϸǼĳˣаóݵͼǴģֺš
ϣҿȥ˰ɣ뿴һԵĳХ硣
⡭
ϣóȥɣһѪϴܳɳǳҪĲֻһΪǿߡһƽ˵
ðɣХεĵ˵ͷӦңں֮бԱסΪıﶼԷ
ͷѾΪ󽣵ɥһεһҲǱøӵС


49 ּ
磬ʹųһ˶ǰ
ʱ·ڰʱ˾һƬ޴ĿյأʱۼѾֻǳҺңкˮѦңԼһдͨǵҡϸߣȴֻкͯһ˶ѡ
ۼڴ˵ѾʮˣѾԸϵʱľǵԮͬϵ
óеȴǣľһ֮УȻҲһʮߣӵǺЩơ
Ҵӣ̲µԷݣʵҲʲôص飬ǺصΪͻƵҲʲôֵ顣
û뵽һȻҲڶʮ֮ͻƵ졣ХɫЩص˵
κһʮ֮µߣһδǵţֻҪ䣬óɳ꣡
һضѣС̤ءЩм˵
쾳ûһС磬һ޴ĽǶЩˣοǸո̤쾳͵ĳ롣
ˣ˲СлᣬХһ޵ɱ
ʱͬǶɱˣ˫ˮݣôܿŶԷųɳҲᣬͬᡣ
Х쿴Եĳ룬һ֣ص˵С룬ס붴֮һҪһжʵԱ𣿡
˵ͷǰǿ߲٣һĶصΪԸĿǰʵֵҲʮֵĳ˵쾳ǿߣһп䡣
ҹɫܿɢȥ˼Լ㣬֪ʯ̨ǶڵģȴֻҺͳҡ
ҵĵȻҾҪŭ٣ϾǿҵĵͼǴġ
ν붴ҪǼʶһ£ǣǸ룬Իᰲ˶Ը޺
ס˵ͷȻͳһ£ȴҲʵնɱĳ룬ĿǰܹԸġ
Զʷһ˿׵ʱǰĺͯͻȻ˫ۣеľâһţĿ⿴Զ֡
ಡ
ԶһӰٵĿٶȣ쾳ΪҲֻǿһӰ
ϸ
ǼٶӰڳɫʱ˼֣ϸԽ࣬ǵõĻԽ١
Ϲû뵽ȻһˣӰδһЦѾ˹
û뵽ϲľȻҲûӳˮǸϵǳҵԤϡͯԣʱЦ
ˮǣ
ɫһ䣬ˮǣǵΧɱĳǳ֮һǳˮǵ棬ҲǵǴΧɱϸǿ֮һ
΢΢̧ͷĿ⿴ԶӰֻʯ̨ʮɿ⣬һŻۣݵͣ
֪ϸʶǺεȵ񣬸Ҷ࿴ֻһۣջĿ⣬ȴǽģεļԺ֮С
㶼ûôЦһĿɨڳߣĿͣ˳˵ϡ
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ͬλϸǿ߳ΧɱȴӻسңɲųҸ߲㲻֪ķݣˮǺͺǾ̫ԶɱǣºͲýˡȻиҵʵһֱҶ֣УȻҪնݳ
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ܹסһϸΪֻԲǺͯԳҷѣ֣ͯûаҵ˼ȻΪһʶļ壬һϸǿߣʲô顣
˭ɫһۿҪնɱ룬ĹȻ˵ֵûԤϵ˵ܹ׵ƵĹʵԲ֮¡
ҵˣҲ¿ԭԳҷѣǶʮָˣ飬Ҳв룬Ȼ֪ΪζԳ붯֡ԭΪܰնɱвû뵽ۿҪɹʱ򣬾Ȼ˵ֵеķŭ˿ǳֵ
㻹ԽԽȥˣˣȻһ֣Ҳ¶ˡһЦԶһɫӰٵգۼѾ˵ǰ
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ΪУЦһϹͳȹŮдСӼȻǳĺӣȻҪ
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㶯ɱҲּҵдһ¡΢΢һЦ˵
㡭
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50 
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ߡһǿѹеŭûһˡ
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ڳ֮ңΪ鿴飬ֻǳԪ̫ЩԪĵҩǲҲûС
΢΢˵ͷĿ˳ϣЦŵҼʱ㻹֮Уû뵽һתۣѾʮȥҲˣΪȻﵽء
ԲȻû˿Ӱ죬˿Ҳܹóվڳߡ
Сӳ룬ǰ빧
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вߣȻǲ£Ҳǳ׵֪˲˵⿤ǿߣһ˴ŮҾ£Ůټɻ飬ϸ֧֣ټճΪҼϸҲһԾͨĳǳسΪϸĶǳأҲΪʲô˵ҵ
ʱţתۼȥмǳصļ嵽ʱյѾǾۼ߸壬ʮˡ
ಡ
ԶһӰѾʶϸߣӰȻҲһϸߡ

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˶ǼеߣȴһŵϸΪҪǣž˵λϸǿߣʵЩһϸǿĳǳؿɱȵġ
û뵽λˡȻʶˣЦ˵
û뵽žȻҲˡȻЩɵţҲľ˵
ţ
ɫ΢䣬Ѿһ˵ţ֮ǰֺľţԼ׷ɱļţðһš⻹һŵǿߡ
˴ĶȻҪһ֡һƽ˵
λôãûʯ̨ʯ̨ϲѹĿ⿴Զʯ̨Ц˵
ߡԳһ¡ͯһЦ
֮ǰԵĳԹնǿѹˣѹжǿȻʮֵ
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㻹Щ֪֮Цһ
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Ȼҵи취ܹƳǲѹһƽ˵
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Ȼں㲻ʲôǿɣôÿһᵮһϸ֪꣬һЩֶƿǲѹɫһ˿԰֮ɫ
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취ܼ򵥣Ҫ֡
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λȵģѹѾ˲٣ȻǹȥһЩǿϸ¿ǿнȥǲصǡ
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һԵͺͯ˼ӦȨһ£Ҳǵ˵ͷգǼµı⡣
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սһλǰΪǿ󣬿ϧսҪֲܷӳܣȻϸߣȴûһλϸʱҲλϸѡսһֱûʹãȴǱƳǼѹµ괴սǰҲ뵽ս󣬾Ȼᱻá
ءء
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ˣϸʶǺεȵʯ̨ѹƳ˲䣬˱Ǹܵˡ
ಡಡ
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Ȼֻͨʯ̨ȻܵԪϴ񣬼Ӳ٣һ˿֮һζȴ㲻ʲôرô޷ߡŽµʯ̨˵ɫЩÿ
ʯ̨ҲһⱦֻشǵʵҪҲǼΪ鷳ıǶУȻǰʯ̨ʤʯ̨ȻҲûôҪˡ
ģѵǼǿʲôû²ɣһʵ˵ݺݵĶ˶š
ء
һ쵴
յģ
һ죬˵ǰʱһһ̣˵η˿ȫĴ߶ĵֲƷƳ޴ʯֱ̨ɳȥʮɡ
䡫
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ʯţͯʱһʹҲϸΪǿߴĵطӵжϸʵܹǼǿߵ֮أȻⶴ
ȻǱˡͲ²⵽ʯ̨¾ǶڣԭΪ˲֣ᷢԸΥ


51 һ
ಡಡ
ڷڵ˲䣬ѾǻһӰ˹ȥڲ֮쾳ͬû˿ԥһܲӰٵĳǶȥ
ԳХΪ׵쾳һȣЩʵߣҲǽ
룬ңСҵˡһص߳
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룡
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үҪҪڶ֣ԣһߵʵ
ԣȴ΢΢ҡҡͷڻǶֵʱ򣬵泹׵ǲǶʱţһҪһɱȻӵûˡ
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һɱĿŶ԰ˣȻ̳ȥɱˣȴ֪ʱ˫κһ
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үˡȥĳ룬Ե߳
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˵ͷ׳ұһǿϸȻҪСһϸǿߣɲֵܹġ
߰ɣϼʯ飬һԾŶ԰ȥ

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̲֮Уӳյĺգ֮ϣ֣˼ɾһ㡣

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ˣթҪСΪáɫһ˿Ժ֮ɫȴǼΪǫ顣
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һЩ쾳ߣҲõ˻ģ˵㶫ңԲЩ̰ļһκζһЦ
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ݺΧޱ棬˽֮һǿǰľΪǶֵʱ
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ү˿Żʵ˵ãҲҴ⡣
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룡
Ǳ߱סĳ뾹ȻûߣǺսһɫҲ΢΢һ䣬żѣֻȴصεĲס޷ȥ롣
ҲȻܹסһ΢΢һЦһ˿ǰδе֮ɫ
ǰԲ֮ǰɱȣԷʵǿһһٶ꣬ɱ黹ֶΣɱȡ
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ҲҪɱңϧȴɱˣϧҲ֪Һ˴𣬽һ㡣
Цһɱĸ֮𣬲죬ҲŹͬŹңʮǰ˫Ѿע˲ݵľ档
ɱ
ͺһ㣬գۼ䣬Ѿǳ


53 ֮
媣ͬϢ
籩Ķ𵴡
ۼ볯Լɱдһ˲仯һ޴ĵֶ⳯ȥ޴ĵͬһ㡣
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Ӳ̫ˣڵΪĶ֡
Щ̸ֱۣһʱǸո̤أȻһǿ󣬵صȻʮֳ
ģȻôôܣ
뾹ȻٴεסȫһУɫҲǱ˱䣬˴ʱѾףսѾ
һصߣȻܹصɱʵš

ʮ겻ȻΪ˵ǿֲ
Сڵϵĸ򣬾ȻôߣҲǳԾѣܹоΪԶԷڽ͵ĸ򣬾Ȼǿ
ΪᣬޣУֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Ϊʲô£ǲͬΪĺ۷޷쾳Ϊǵĸ򲻹
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ǰӰ·޾һ㣬ÿһκȻͬСɽϮһ㣬ײˣڵѪҲԽ벻ȣס󵶵˫֣Ȼ΢΢Ĳ·ʱҪòסһ㡣
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дŭ˿̵жԳȴǼΪļɵб֣ұƳģοڳֿȭ
һվŵ˿ѾȫɵˣԭϷ񣬾Ȼգ֮䣬ͱеıϻмԵ˺ۣȻ·硣
һʮص꣬Ȼںصǿɱ֮УռϷ磬˭һУ
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54 ֮
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Ȼ߳ɳȥ˿Һͳҷڲ֮ͬУɲֹҺͳңʲôҪСģǵɱ룬ܸҴ鷳

ľǣһʹĳУΪ춯䱸ɭϲ٣ˣľǻһƬ͵ζ
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ߵһͺʮֻ޴˲䳯ҵķɱ˹ȥ


55 
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ڴʱߵ¥֮ϣһŻԾʮֻޣŭ
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ôĵӣȻҶҳ֣ѵͲΪƽ𣿡޵ǿѹͷķŭĿԶޡ
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뾶ֱһʯңʯҲһ۾ܿ͸ʯڻ·ŲٵʯܣűģЩȴһûˡαȻ㲻ʲô˲ıɺô쾳вٵİЩȻŹ
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룬ЩطǶϸ̽ʲô©ĵطһԵĳɽ״ɿ˵
Щֻ쾳ļ壬ȻܺͲȣѰʱҲʮֵϸκһطŹʮϸҪа֮࣬ͱǷˡ
ûб͵ʶһºˡ΢΢һЦϣ˿һЩ
ɽһ㶣˿ȥ
ڵת쾳û˿εıʯڼȻʯȴû˿ı仯
ҡҡͷһңϸѰȻûзκεı
һʯˡһʯңɫЩʧ䡣
ϸѲ֮󣬳ٴν쾳ͷų
֨
ڳ쾳ͷųɲǣʯڵǽǴȻһ춯һԴСİǰ
©ĵط
һԵĳɽǰ񣬲һ㶣һŵ˵
֪ЩʯҶʮ쾳ϸѰ˭뵽ϸѰ֮£Ȼ©ĵط
ɫһϲæеĶȡ˳֮вǵҩϵƤ
ǻ֮һĸ򡣡һƤһʧ
Ƥǻ֮һĸ򣬶һֻ쾳ĸҪ֪Ի֮һ̤Ǽ۷Ĵڣû˿ô


56 ǳʯ
ǡ򿪵ڶƤݣɫһ䣬оǾϲ֮ɫ
֮һȻǷ֮һĸ򡣡
    ڶƤǷ֮һĸĵãԳİСȻƤֻ쾳ĸ򣬵ԳҲʮֵá
û뵽ⶴ˾Ȼ֮ͨһϵĸȻ֮һҲǿˡипѡ
ͷ֮ĸ򣿡ɽ֪Ƥصⶴ˵ĸвһʧ
ָڳҲ٣ҳҴ˶ߵˮ֮һͷ֮ĸԳҵİ
ûãȴѵõıɽһʧЦ˵
ɽͷҲ֪ߵǷ֮һڷ֮һϵĸ򲻵ͣƤ·ɡ
պƤҲǷɿĸȥͳХ˻ϣû߶ãͷ֣ǰĴл˲ٵˣһĳХˡ
ң
ڴʱһԵĳɽͻȻڵ
˻ע⵽Ҷ棬һȺŭĿӣЩ˲Ǳˣҵһˡ
Х죬ɱߣһȻҲ޺ۿŲԶĳХһˣߵ
룡
һ߶ʱ
ƨԼѧղҲǻáХЦ
Ҫǲ룬ҺƲ޺۴ŭһԵҵ̰ڳһսģ
ңҳҿɲ£һսХһ˿á
ҺǶ𣬼ϵ飬˴ǲݣôΪΪһ仰뽻
ǳ룡
ڴʱȺ֮ͻȻһ
ˢ
ʱʮĿ⿴˳ķ
ɱ
һߵͺһһ˲ǳڳǰд󵶺ݺݵĳųȥ
ÿ죡
ߵٶ֮죬ӦƲ⣬ԷʵѾ̤صĲΡ
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ɽ
ŵһߣ˵ɫʱһ䣬ôҲû뵽˿ػڳߵľȻǳҵĳϣɽ
ôоǲʣ˭뵽ʱػڳߵľȻǳɽ
޺ۣҳҿս𣿡
߾Ȼųҳ͵Ϯ룬ʵ̫Хһţкһļơ
֮ǰڣ֮óɽ룬һγ¾Ҫڴˡ
ɱߣɱΣ޺һЦȴһʧ
ȻѾܲҪɳһλ۷͵ϮκγҸСģȻɽǿߣֱ롣Ҫڳɽıնɱ룬ԳֲУ
ٺĳҲһ£˭뵽һֱɳ۷֣߳гɽȻסԷĹ
һҪɫһоǷŭ
Ȼ͹ɱ֮ģΪնɱѾȫ棬Ҳǰ
Хһ˵ڳǰХŶ޺ۣЦ˵Ҫսҳʱ㡣
ұ죬˭ҪٸҶ֣Ϸ򲻿ڴʱһ֮
ǺͯϤʱǴ˹ȥϸٶȣӦͺһξŶԣںͯԾǰȻǱʲô赲ˡ
ͯХ޺۵ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ݺݵĵ˶Էһۣǲĵ˾롣ʱԷֳȺϸǿģȺҺͳΪףҶʮǰļҲ˰ˡ
ųХˣŷ֣Ⱥǰ棬ǲˣ˿˵ɫԶЩÿһ·֮ϣѰ˲ٵĵطֻջȴЩ⣬һЩ쾳õıЩȻУⶴĿϸı
ǡĿԽˣǰʯ֮ϣֻǰһ޴ʯңǰʽһһɶʯš
ǳʯĿʯ֮ϣɫ͵һ䣬ʯҾȻǳʯɣ
ǳʯ˵ǿ֮еһʯżҲڵ棬ȴ࣬ǳʯӲޱȣǼ¶ƻȻ⻹ҪҪǳʯܹǳǳȴԪҪϣͨǳҲɱ䵽αԪĲΡ
ǰĳ룬õҲһαԪѣɼǳʯ󣬲ǳʯ̫ѻˣֻЩ̤ԪߣǿգȡǳʯҲΪʲôԪԭ
ճĹ㣬ǰʯ˵ҲǳʯһֻܹõһҵǳСһǳǽǳе֮Уֻܣ֮ǰʮαԪҪǿ
ǱﰡĺЩαԪƷαԪǼҲλ÷񣬶һõƷαԪĻͰǰ
̫ˣһҪõȻڻ޷ǳʯֻҪ̤ϸȫԽǳʯʱһƷαԪѾ¶ģԲʯһҪõ֪ⶴҲϸѣʯȴǼ߷񣬿ⶴ֮УΪĿ¾ǰʯң
֣֮ǰһλǿôûʯңڿϲ֮еĳͻȻü
ѵΪ׽ûлԪǿߣǸ֪ǳʯ;ʶǰԺһͷ
ԪĻԪȻ˵ǶţëҲԲ٣ǳʯԪ粢ʲôܣһϸ߶֪Ȼ׽磬ǿ̫ˣǿҲǼûлԪǿߣһ߲֪ͨǳʯҲʲôֵ顣
֪źãȻҿûȺûᡣкٺֱЦ
ⶴԪ磬ֻ¾΢еʶϸҲϳǳʯһǼ֪ǳʯ;֪֮ҲǵǳʯһֱȽϼӲʯͷѡҲˣΪʲôǳʯһʯң˼Ӳʯң϶űġ
λ⣬Ƕı⣬ҲҴˣʲô취ƿǰʯңԵĺͯˣʵ
ͯͲһۣһԵĵģҪ˵˭а취ƿǰʯңɾ
֣²ƿǰʯңǲƿǰʯңûʯɣӲޱȣǻǼǿǰҲúķһǿƿӱ˵ˡЦ
ʯ
˵ɫһ䣬ȻҲʯͷ֪ʯӲޱȣϸ߸޷ƿ
ģѵű⣬ȥһʵ
ǰȴȥǺεȵļ尾һ·ûĽȻȻȥ


57 
ֻһʣǲ˵ɫҲǼΪѿǺòײŽⶴ֮УĪǵȻҪֶأ
֣㻹ûİ취֮ǰƿѹ֮İ취ͯæ
ԣЦҡҡͷİ취־κϸ۷嶼κβʯ
˻һ˶ǳĬǻô꣬ʶȻ֮ǰ취ȻܹӳϸصʵѾѵˡҪƿϸ۷嶼κβõĶֱǳ롣
Ҳûа취оͨһϸ۷ǿߣֱӿʯҡ˵
ԣ˲һۣϸ۷ǿˣﻹǵķݣ쾳ͬϣϸ۷ߵУһ϶ѡ
Ȳ˵ܲҵϸ۷ǿߣҵˣѲɽﹰãһЦòֺαȥǵǿߡ
취ȷȡ֮⣬һ취оͨߣҲԿǰʯҡû˿ŭǼ˵
֮ͨߣ
˻һɫ΢䣬Ҫȷǽ˲٣ǵʵȫǵƿ֮Уص޷õ
Ȼ취˵ɫȴȻʮֵѿߣǸոսӴĴڣһֵδضĸ򣬺οֵֵͨߣҲǼ٣λδرЩͨϸҵѶȻȲֱѰϸ۷ǿߣҲܹ쵽ġ
ֵİ취ãҪҵʵ̫ˡһЦ
ͺͯҲĬ취ãȴֻܵ۾ǰʯҡ
λǰǷڴʱһͻأڴ֮
˻һ̿ķǿڵĲǱˣǳҷĳ롣
ХҲû뵽ͻȻڣÿλϸǿͶĿ⣬ɫʱһ䣬ޱȵĵ
㾫ͨüʵ
ͳҵĹϵ֪ҵĹԪˮ֮еߣߵˮ֮һ߷֮һͻ֮һ߼٣ӱ˵ͬʱ
룬ƭλǰŸո̤쾳ͬʱ뻹ûڣҷԴǵʵ
СһӣӦ̤쾳ãξͨڲֵϣξˡһõ˵
һʮ꣬ΪأȻ˵ͬʱ浱Լ̥ͿʼЩ͸ǰ֪СһЩѵ
ǰǼ٣һ֪Ҳ粵΢΢һЦһ̣ڵתصϢӿ
֮һܵǹصζ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ǵȻܹóչʾǷ֮һ
ӶԷ֮һĸ򲻵Ͱ
˵ļʶһ۾Ϳڷ֮һĸ򲻵ͣһЩصߡ
ССͣΪȻҲôߡһжԳɱҲԽԽʢţһɳԶв
ڲ˸пڷ֮һϵĸ֮ʱ򣬳ϵζȻһ䣬֮ǰͬ΢º͵ĸоһּ𣬷·Ҫȼվĸо
֮һ
֮һǼΪĵڳĲ˾ߵĻ֮һǵȻܹڻ֮һĸ򣬾Ȼȷ֮һҪߡ

ڳĶߣȻΪδرȵϲˣеģܹܵͬʱʩչֵ
ͬʱֵ߿ǴɣϾǵԪޣֻһֵ֪ܲͻƵϸοֵ
Ȼֵ
ΪȵǳХ죬˲֪Ϊүүһʱ䣬ֳֻǷ֮һѣ֮һǵһ˵ǰչʾ
СӾȻֵһ֮һĸ򣬾Ȼȷ֮һߣԲɳ޺һоɱ
һ߶ԣ쾳ֵȫΪԪޣһֵ޷ͻƵϸ޿ɷϵǣֵߣʵԶֵ֮ϣŶԣֵԶһֵɾ͸ߡ
˿̲ϵľ֮ɫҲȥȡ֮һϲɫͬʱζ֮Ψһϣʯҵˣ
СѣԿܴܲʯҡͯæ
ʱ˿̣֪ǴʯҵĹؼ䲻츳ͯȻֱӳƺΪСѡ
һԵĲĵȻûпڣĿ֮ҲǳڴȻǺͺͯ뷨һ
ҿԳ֣һҪ󡣡Ȼ¶Լͬʱֵ飬ȻҪִʯңʯҲûҪ
󵨣һСС쾳ʲôʸҪ󣿡ɫһЦ
ֵѾ˱ɱ֮ģ¼Ȼ˲֪ôȻҺҪȻû˺ɫ
һԵĺͯɫҲЩȻȻ츳ҲǴʯҵĹؼʱ̶ǽʵ˵׳ҲصΪʲôʸǽ
ȻˣǰԼʯҰɡЦһƽ˵
㡭ŭܴʯңҪܣֺαó֡
СӣȻ˲ʶôͱҲˡЦûڶԳ֣˿̳ȷʵȻǸõĳֽڡ
ǰȰòҪ֣ȻҳҲĶ֣֮ǰɱܹ쵽ġˣǸ޷ʯңͲ֪ǰǷԸˡۼԼ֣˿ԵĲˣĿڵ
Ȼ˻һ̵ǰ޲ɱ˳ţǶԲ˶ԣǺͳԩ޳ȻᵣĳĳɳвлЩ츳
룬ʲôҪֱ˵ɡ۳룬ж۲˼֡صΪȻԼΪע̸ڳ͵ʱҲԶԶ硣
뿴ˣü˶˵ͷǿڵҵҪܼ򵥣ҳҪڱѡһºǲöҳҶ֣
˵ĺʲôʸѡһЦһ
ƾҷͬޣһƽ˵
ԣ
һۣ˵ͷ˶ӦҲ֪ҪӦ˺ܿܶ֡
Ȼ֮ԻӦҲԼ뷨ǲĳЩΪıΪڵĳҸûʸӵǵȱϸĶıȫΪ
룬֣ߵȻӦȴʮֵŭϸ˿̾Ȼһ쾳߱ȡ
ƲƲ죬ʯҴ֮ǰʼ߶ڵҪʯҴţҪͬʱ֮ɱ֮ǰչʾѶȴˡȻûﵽںĲΣҪҲǼߣڳǰڻ֮һ輫ߣҲ޹ĵãѾʮֵϤȻóȻͬʱ߶ֲͬĵһСľͻ߻ħпܡ


58 ս
ֲͬųĴ߶գ֮ӿ뵽ʯҵĴ֮Сų׼ʯң˶ס˺˵ǵʵûвǿֻҪ򿪣϶һݣǺͳһֱԸң˿Ҳϣܹʯҡ
Ȼ󷨿ŷӿ뵽֮У̸о˿ʯҵĹؼ󷨡
Ԫʮֵĳһ󷨳ʯžͻῪǵ󷨵ͬʱﵽĳΣʯͬῪ
СĿڵȫĴ߶󷨣ҪȻȫԸԻǲһЩ
ҿеͺһһ̣ڵкʱʯŴһϸ΢춯ʯŻ
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ſʯţһ
Ƕû취ʯңȻı뿪ˣȻ֮ǰѾ߿벻٣˿̣Ƿ֣Сʮꡣ
˲ãţܼž̫ˡУâһ˿С
Ҳ֪ţῴţһɣʵ֮ȫǵ׵ġ
һȥɱ⡣
ʯŻɫȴЩ԰ף֮ǰıڵĲ٣ȱȫȫĵȻ
ûжȻǰȻԱڵıʮֵĺ棬Ҳ֪һʱ֣˿϶ɱӺ

ʯų׵ĿǰıҲǵĳ˵ǰæһöָĵҩŻͷˡ
λǰ벻Ҫ֮ǰԼһƽ˵
Ȼ˵ͷ
ǻںСƽϡЦ˵
ʶ츳ͺͯԶԳ̬Ⱥ˲٣Ǻͳԩ޳ȻǲԹ
ಡಡ
һΣ˲ǳ˱⣬ͳҲǽ

ڳո̤ʯҵʱ򣬺ͯԴϲ
һһһΣ˵
룬ҳҲҪһɡХߣ˵
һЩıǲ룬ֱ쾳ıֱȻҲһ
뿴ѡĲˣڵλǰҳҪһ
΢΢һ룬㲻ٿһ£
ڵıﲻ٣ܶĶûȻҲǲıԳ֮ǰҪȫԵõõı
ˡҡҡͷ
ϸеȷ㲻ʲôñЩ߽׵ԳҶԣҲһõıٺÿ¾ͻһЩ£οڳʮ˷üҲֻѡֱܹӵõһп˲ٵɱᡣ
ǺðɣͳҹϵȻϣҿԵõõıҲùָ棬Ͼɲֻһϸ
ѡһҲһǻЩ³ѡıһЩʵǿ쾳ôȻҲϡ
ǵıƷҲ󣬲ֱһ롣ӸжǳĽͼ֮ɫһȥߵļʣȴһЩʣµֻһ
˷ɿѡűǿ۵ĵҩ似һݣĸϸǿֱ˴󲿷ֵı˻㲻һЩ
ǡϸĹڴʱҵľƤصǷĹ
ǹ˲һʧֶһ߶ʮֵ󣬵Ƕǿߣȴ㲻ʲôڳһûϸĹйȴ޷̤ϸıȱȽǣ
ôʣ㱦ʯںܿͱϣıȻ֮ǰ˲٣ʧǣﻹûڴеı
ıﶼ֮ǰλǿˡһʧ
Ҳ̾һı쾳ԵȷرˣǶϸԣıԲ˲١
ˣȥطҰɣλǿ߻һЩ©ĵطҲЩεΪ˽붴ҲǷ˲ٵȴԤϵȫһһаıﶼûС
ಡಡ
һգ֮Ǵʯ뿪ʧ˵С
Ų˵뿪ԭʮƽʯ֮ڣʱһǿϢ

˲䣬ʮ߱˸ֱǰʵڳ֮£ǿصȻǽʣ
ಡಡ
ĵӰգ֮ǳǰ
޺ۿŵԼǰߣɫʱЦХ죬ôߣѾõһ
ҳҵõһȷ֪ˣѦֻûõءХһƽ˵
ǰʵȻҪõ϶Ϊʸ֮ģХǺεôܿ͸һ㣬ڵõ֮ͺ˵飬һΪͬʱȫΣХҲ뵽һȻһʵӰ첻󣬵ȻпܣȻõ˵õ
˵ĲѦԶһҲ㡣ХһЦѦߣѦ졣
ѦұʵڳҺ֮ϣѦҾ̫ԶܹҲֻһѡѦҵʵҺңҲΪѦҲŻͳ
ҪѦû¡޺һЦ
Ѧҵĵ̣޺ȻҷںҵԶѦ֮ϣϵļ岻٣ȻѦҡ
ɱ
޺۵ͺһ˲ɱһţһҲΪıɱһ
ۿһƬҵʯңһ㣬˲䳯ű˶ĹȥȻΪ˹ȥҪûĵáߵ·ⶴ˼һģһ֮ǰõĸĵã쾳İСܵõϸĸ򣬶İǸ
գ֮ѾǼƤڵλãֱӽǼƤ뻳С
ݡ
ڴʱһٵƿһĵ˲佫ֽȥֵľȻһλҵһλصߡ
սɽΪҶսѾɱһ˭Ҳû뵽ս֮УҾȻһλص׷ɱ룡
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ܵϮĵ⣬ɫ䣬˲佫ڵ߶ޣһ̣еĳһһ⻮סϮĵ⡣

ȻȫĵֵصȫһǺεȵǿ󣬵ոսӴһɿֲľֱӱײõɳȥ
ۡ
һһѪҲѹƲסֱ˳
룡
ۼˣɽɫ䣬һбϮĹһæȥ


59 ˮת
ص߳뻹ܶԸصߣȴǳܹԸģж󲿷ֵԷĹȻ˲ᡣ
ҵۼȻԼһûвһ˿֮ɫҪ֪һвȫ֣ΪҪǣǰг֡˵Ĳ㣬͵Ϯصȫ͵ϮһصߣȻûնɱԷ
ѹֶҲϧһɱ˴ӣǳɳ֮ǰ޺۶Լ˵һԭ޺󣬵˿̲ף޺ۿ»СǰСӡ
Բȥ
ۼɽɱ߲ԥһ˲ǳųȥ
ÿ죬ӡڲϿߣɫ䣬صߣٶʵ̫ˣСʯڣܡ
ֻӲˡ
һ˿Ȼ֮ɫڵ˲߶˼ޣһ̣гһһĽɱߡ
ɣ
һЦĻӶд󵶣޴ĵͬһݺݵĳųȥ
͡͡
⻮֮дһ̶δѾܹ̺ܵĿֲ
ҵס
ŭţĽӭǿֲĵ⡣
䡫
һըֱӱĵɳȥݺݵ˵ϡ
룡
ۿųٴαɳȥɽ˫ĿѣŭһһֲĽ˲佫ֽȥ
ۡ
Ѫɽ߲صΪѣɽصߣ֣ŭ֮£ֵܹסһУֱӱɽնɱ
һɱߣɽȴǿҲԷʬһۣæųķȥ
Х죬ҵˣˣҲˣҪ󣡡޺ۼ뱻ɳȥ֪ʱĴЦ
Хŭţ޺ۣҪɱ㣡
Ѧ֣һֻ֮Ҫɱ޺ۣҳҵõҲġХһԵѦ˵
⡭ԣѦȴЩԥ
ã޺ʲôˣǿҶϣһ޺ˣѦҿɾͺҽ˵಻ѦҲΪһһ֮
֣ҿ԰סߡѦ쿪ڵ
ѦȻûоܾ˼ȴʮֵȷκϵС
Х죬ɱңԼְɣ޺һĴЦ
޺ۣҺƴˣХѾŭգŭţӶų޺ۡ
ʮǰ츳ĳҰ㣬ɥʧ˸һĿܣԪҲʣ޼ڸĳȴֱնɱΪҪǣһӣһӣʮǰХΪ˳ңˣڣǰǳ׵ıˡ
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޺ۣˮתֵűҳ׷ɱˣҵǺ棬ҵǿҳҵźݣХЦ
ߡ޺һȻǳĶ֣ΪҵһԲ˿ʧ뵽Ҳû˿ԥһ㣬Ҫķȥ
ݡ
ڴʱһĽϮסȥ·ͬʱХĶ𣬡ȥȹһأ


60 
޺ʵȻȫԸĳХ죬һʱ޷ʱҲֻܼϣֱܹӵһʱһȻֵܹס롣
ֻ뷨ãʱӦսȫǻŲ·ߣգۼѾǱ׷ϡ
ɣ
볤һһĽ˲䳯һ̣ըĹ㣬̼ǽֽȥ

ϮĹ㣬ֵŭţд󵶷ĻӶҪסϮĹ㡣

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һĹֱӶ壬ֱӺɸӣĲˣһһţնɱ

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֮ûһһлϸﵽ۷Σ쾳ķͬ޵ߣͬǼΪѡͬ޶Ҫ̫ߣԣһп̤ϸΪֵǰ;ӪСʧ
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ʯҶãͺͯҲ˳ˮ飬һɳп̤ϸһԷ̤ϸǸǶ֣֮ͱԽó룬ֶֺΪ


61 Ҹ
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ˣϾһһŵĿ޺ۡ


62 
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϶ԣһСĴǿһĵһţʮѾ̤쾳ĴڣضܹΪҵΪսϸҲûϣ
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СһЩһҶ֣飬óߡХߵ˵
𣬰˵޺һ˶ֵĿܲ󣬵ХȴðգΪ鲻Ϊȫʵ̫ˡųһᣬҲûпܵ顣
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63 
޴оǲм֮ɫЦҵȻ֪һ֪Ҳ֮ǰ˽ѰҶʱҼĹؼʱ̣ҶΪǣҵˡ
˻һ޺۵ɫ͵һ䣬𵱳ں֮ͷޣʱʱΪֻɺ϶ѣڿԷǸ𶴸ȫޡ
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оǲ֮ɫ˭뵽ֻΪѰһڣ͵ΪǼǿߣ壬֪ˣǾԲΪνıðս
ãʵûóȻǰѰҶڡһңҪֺ֪ػһֻǿޣҲ̲סĶǰѰҶʱµùľͲңǳҡ
˴ںľȻ޴һƽ˵
޺ѾǾ⻰ҲΪʲô޵뿪ǼǿߣǿǺΪĴڣǸΪ
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ȻѾ֪ԭǿȥˡ޴ɱӿһ̣ʮͷɱˡ
ƴˣ
޺۵ȻԴУۼɱڶޣ޺۵ͺһ˶ʱƴƵɱޡ
ԭ˫мȴѾ˿ЦΪǼǿߣȻܡ
ɱ
ߺ˲ɱһǷ׷׵˿Ҿһս
˵ʵȫƴЩһʱ侹Ȼκβһ
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Ҹãڻɱ˳룬д˽һЦ
ң˸û˿ĺøУɱϣ֪˫ɱڳˣ˭ûֵ⼸ʮұ䱾ڲѾɱ죬ҪǸ߲㲻ʧֻ̫˫ͷģսˡ
ǻãֻ蹷ˣȴһͷͻֻǺδҲùһЦ
˻˲ĬеѡԸңϾ൱˭Ҳκβ˭Ҳغ£һλǼǿڲ࣬ǾʳѰ
ϧЩ鲻ҳҵԸΪתƣֻСӦԣʵڲдХЩε˵
Ҹԭһֵøµ飬˿̳ˣȴ˭Ҳ˲
ǷôЩ©֮㶼ò¡޴Цһһ޴һΣ˲޺ۡ

޴β͵غɨ޺ӦֱӱǾ޴βС
ء
һ죬޺۵ֱӻһѪըʬ޴档
޺ۣ
ϿŲ޺ۣоǱʹ֮ɫһֱ̣һѪɫȻֱȼԼԪ
ֻŵߣҲֱȼԼԪһ˷Ƶĳɱȥȫİȫ˻ˣ
սеߣڳ˶ޱȵĳĬһ壬ֻеʱ̣ܹܿô꣬һ˳УҲϵġֻκΣǵʵЩ޵Ķ֣رǾ޴߼ս֮еѾȼԪҲһһ֮СǾߵĹһѪըҵ߷ٵļ١
ء
һ죬ʣҲǱǾ޴ߺһѪһ߳ʬ嶼ûһ䡣
صѪ⣬˿޴ߵĿ֮жһ˿η֮ɫضʵ̫£ԷǼǿ֧֣һȴ޷Ĺؼ
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ֵ֮ǳʲôѴ֪ͨңܰϵһᾡ룬ǿڵ
лǰХм
ϸ߶ûУǼǿߣѹʵ̫вһٳҶһݱϡ
˵ͷ˿СӲܳɳɾ;֮ϣϣҪʧ
ǡͷ
뿪ˣһóҰһЩ
ټĿյ֮ϣ˿̾ʣ³ҵߡ
뾡콫ʯ˻صңʯңҳҲһݱϣʲô£λǼǰԳֶԸǡХ쿴ŲԶľ޴ʯң˵
ǰʯңϸ۷߶޷κΣʯңȫϸǿϮǼǵǿԳֶԸҡ
¼߸𱣻ʯңХųһ˳Ǹȥ

޴ԪúǷণųХһ˻صǣԭԤϵƽûеڼͳҷǸӵľƺڵʲô
߰Բ²⵽׷ʲô£һٴصģʱһϢľǣҸȫսҲ˴ѣһһֻмٵĺӹһ١
ϢǶǷˣԭͺľǵжԵĹϵⲢֻ˵ҺͳǵжԣļľǵļͬԹ١ͺñ˴ɱսڲļ壬ȻҲǶԹϡ
ֻҸȴǱȫ˵ϣ˭Ҳû뵽޾Ȼ˴ĵӣȻһǳأ˿̵ˣҲΪʲôһ˵ķড֪ҿɲЩҵĳǳأԴƿľľǵľһֱңһںһ˳ҲеʵĳǳأȻڶ̶̴ʱ䣬ͳ׵ĸ겻ѡ
˵Щٴι֮ʱȴǿʼԼںľǽ紦ߣٻأһЩ츳Ƿ·˼һ㣬˶֪ѾĴ㡣
ֻЩ߲֪ͨҵĵĲޣǼǿߣǿɲһѪ¡
һתۣȥľǲûг֮еĻңľû֮󣬾ȻǳƽƺұͲһ
Ѿʮˣ˻ûլۡһͷ޴̧ͷԶʣɫһ˿֮ɫ޴ߣǵҵĴڣҸ֮ͷ߱סңȴ׳Ĺ


64 Ǽ
ಡ
ϿգһӰٵӹһƬ޴Ŀյ֮ϡ
µѹȻˣܵвѹüͷ΢΢һ壬˲ǱǸոմӺ׳
Щǰ̽СЩֶΡ׳һתЦ˵
ԼµѹȻʮֵ˵ŹȥʮѣѹСȵزڣǲѹͨĺ߶ܽ붴ȻȵһһЩֶƿͻ֮µѹ
ȴǲ֪ЩСûдʯң׳ڶ֮±Ȼǿƿµѹ
෴ӹĵʯңǴʯңϵһŵ
һΣ׳ٵĲλöȥ
ţѪζЩ󱲵йһҵᡣſлŵѪζ׳üͷ΢΢һ
ǡڴʱ׳Ŀ˶Զһ޴󶴿ϣϤڲṹ̾жϳʯڵλá
ʯұ˴ˣ׳ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҫʯң뽫ʯҴ򿪲У׷½ƣʯңǿƶͻᴥơ
ϸ۷壬֮ͬ׳зٵ˼
뵽׳һ㣬ֱʣľǵķȥѾ⣬ֻҪԷӺ֮дʯң;ԲĶĿ

һζ֮УջɾǷ֮һĸڻ֮һĸѾǳԽǶˣǵͻǼλǿҲȲֻǸȻڣΪʵԭ򣬳ܹӳʵҲ޵ġ
ԴӺ֮лص֮󣬳æŲ֮һĸ֮ǰȻͻʱ򣬸Ķ࣬ϸǿȣȴرǶ˵ĸĵáڷ֮һϵĸҲǷٵ
֮ǰһֱ÷֮һӰΣϢڿȴǴشĲǷ֮һƤëˡҡҡͷ֮ǰڷ֮һĸȫһ·ȥڷ֮һĳɾ֮ϣֻ⾳޷̤롣
ȻӰΣʵȴǿɸ֮Ϣȴף͸ĵø򣬲ϵĸ
±Ʈ죬ܹжٵջȫ˶죬ĵøջǲС
ݡ
΢һĽ⣬ǽӿԭƽСԺ֮Уһ˿˿΢粻ϵļǿվȻпӡ
ǽ趯˷·ǳΪһ壬ֱ˴ˣǽǽǷ硣
ۡ
ͻȻĽȻʧţһ̶ըԳΪģԲ֮ڣһõġ
˽һﵽ˽һĲΡ״̬֮˳϶һ˿ϲɫ
ۻʹԲ֮󣬱̤˽һľ磬֮ǰȻҲ˽һƿκʱʵ̫̣һֱ޷ͻƵ˽һľ硣Ǵ˿ųڷ֮һϵͻƣˮɵĴﵽ˽һΡȻֻǸո̤˽һĲΣȴܹܵĺô񣬾ܹ׵նɱԷǺ͵ǰ㣬ƾ£ǿնɱ
֪һߣۻʹɵĽ磬ûܴﵽӱ˽һܹ쾳̤εߣһ츳֮ĳҲǴ˽һżѡʮĳ룬ȴֱӴﵽ˽һĲΡ
ʱһֱæŲ֮һҲʱ׼ͻˡ
ȻҪߵĸΪû㹻ΪٸߣҲûáһʮᣬһսĽ͵֮򣬶ڶԷ֮ϣֻϧΪ಻СȻǿնɱ񣬵ĴȴǲС
㵽ǻûеΣߵĸʲô
ڳصұչأصʱһͻأĶ
ʲôˣɫʱ͵һ䣬֮ǰûиܵڸܹĸ֪˵ʵԶ֮ϡ
غ£Ƕе⣬㻹ܻţڳĴѰ˵֮˵ٴδ
ԣ̻ͷȥֻԭһ˵Ŀյ֮ϣ֪ʲôʱһźɫ۵ӡ
ǿҾȻо˿ĲԪ˻ûﵽǼҲϸ۷Ĵڡɫ΢䣬о֮ɫ
ǰ֪ݹٳңкιɣһȻ֪Է⣬ԷԣҪɱԼĿܶûУ˴˵ʵʵ̫ˡ
㡣ӿ۳룬һƽ˵
ң
һ㶣һ㵵ĿŶԷɲǵԼʲôʱǿйһʶǿͻȻָʵ̫ˡ
ӵ˵ͷ˲ǱˣǸոմľǸ׳
ǰ֪ҡСʵ
ʵ벻ڣǿôȻɲԼʲôܹԷĵط
ڵʯң򿪵İɣ׳ֱӿڵ
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ԣвһѵǰλǿ֪ǳʯãǰΪǳʯ
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˵ͷ
֪ʯҵˣʵ̫ˣֻǵʱҲǱΣ֣˻п뿪ļ϶ڶ֮УǵȵʵӦеļ壬ҪЩƤ´ʯңܡ֪¾ѣҲȥᴥŭǰǿߣֻܳ
Ȼ㣬ҲĨǣֱ¶Ļ֮һɡ׳𿪿ڵ
Ȼ֪ǰĻΪʲô¶ԼĻ֮һĸ򣬲ΪΪ⣬ֻܹԹԵİ׳ķԸ¡
ӿһ̣ȫ֮ͬǰζӳɢǻ֮һζ
֮ǰķ֮һĸ򣬳ڻ֮һĸԸӵ˵ʵԵʣ޷ǰеĵ֮ͷųǧ֮һ֮һҲԱѰ쾳ڻ֮һĸǿ
û뵽ڻ֮һĸ򣬾Ȼȷ֮һҪ˸򣬵㹻ʯҡ׳΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
Ȼܹڻ֮һϵĸԻҪ֮һĸ쾳ҲǼΪټ
Ըʦ׳
ʦ
˻벻һ㶣һ㵵Ŀ׳׳ҲΪǳʯΪͽ
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ͣʲôʱ˵ҪΪͽˣڳаʦʱ򣬺һһεס׼ȥĳ롣
ǰղŲ˵³볹׵ɵˣղǺʦȴ˵Ϊͽⲻ
׳һղűû˵ҪΪͽĲңʯ֮ǰˣ׷㡣Ҵʯңõ׷ǰĵøԣǽܹͻǼҪΪ׷Ѱһͬ޵źӡʯң쾳Ϊ÷׷ͽҪҲŻ׷ǰͽ


65 
׳Ļʱ׹ǰλΪԼͽҲԣԶԷ츳ΪûֱӳΪ׷ĴˣôֻһֿܣԷһֵ
Ĳ²ⲻ׳ߵȷֻһֵǻ֮һͬޣ֪֮׷µĵø򣬾̤Ǽɼ׷츳Ǻεȵǿ󣬿׷ͬޣȴϸ۷塣׷նܷ̤ͬǼɲΪԼܹ
Ƿͬޣ׷ͽҪ׷õĴˡ
Ѿ֪ԭ򣬿Ը׷£׳ֱӿڵ
Ը⡣
ͷȻ֪׷㵽Ǻεȴ쾳ĸ֮пǸǿߣ츳֮֮ṳ̂ǼԲΪ츳Եʡ
׷ǰӵĹ似͸򡣡˵䣬׳һ˼Ƥ
ռ䱦
ƾճֵƤвһͷռƷܹ洢ƷֻдﵽϸĲΣãڸһռ䱦Ҳʹõˡ
ʮԪҲ׷ǰġ׳һƤӵݸ롣
Ԫ̺侫ԪܹͬʱҲǲΪҪĲϣһԪֵڽ𣬶һмУǮһܹ򵽡
ǰ̤Ǽĳ룬ԪȻİ׷һ׽ϸߣȻܹóʮԪƷԪҲǼΪ˲õˡ
ڵʵռ䱦ҲòˣǿߵӣͻƵϸڽռ䱦ｻ㡣׳һƽ˵
ռ䱦ֶΨϸ߲ʹãҸûǿߣõҲòˣȻֱǿ߶ԣ㲻ʲôǶһϸԣռ䱦ȴѵõı֮ǰĲˣûпռ䱦
˾鷳ǰ빧
޷Ȼ׷ǰĵӣĶݣ̤ǼĴˣǱĴˣҺǺľǽڣҲԵתǼĸ߲㣬ֻҪһգҿɱݡ׳𵭵˵
лǰ
⻰дϲһм˵
ʱ䣬Ҹ߲ʮֵĵģһЩ츳ӵܣͱɳȥǳʵѾԿصߣͬᱻɳȥ֮ԻΪľǵľޱ䣬Ҹ߲֪ľǱվŵһλǼǿߣԷָóҸ߶ôһֻͻҲ²Ź֡
˿׳𿪿ڣóҲصľǵв׳𻹳˳ҵĿɽ׳߿û᲻һЩӡ׳ոͻǼǼԪǧ㣬ٻٶԪҲζųδ겻صвԳҶԣһõĲٺõϢ
Ҫ뿪һʱ䣬ʲô£ֱ˵ľǣ֪ͨ󣬾֮ǰںͷߡ׳
˵ͷͷߵʵȻֻ۷ĲΣ׳֧֣ѰϸˣҲҶ֡
׳΢˲ԭʧ·ûгֹһ㣬ȥ׳𣬳жһ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
Ǽһٴ̤룬ţǸҵţоâ
뿪ˣ
׳뿪Ƭ̺󣬳һԺ֮УĿϢŮ͵˫ۣĿĿ׳뿪ķ﷢һ΢ŵ
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ڴʱһöŮӵֻһɫŮǵĿڴˣȻܹϳǰŮǱˣǳϧ¡
⼸һֱڴϣóŻָһЩ´ߣɢɢġŮЦ˵
Ҳ̫ˣƻδȬҪһʱָܻϧæ
ŮӲÿɷĵ˵ͷԼƣȻʮֵԲǳϧô򵥡ҪȫָֻлصŲУϧ⼸ϣֻȶڶ񻯰ˡ
ôûȥСˣŮͻȻЦ
ϧԣһ죬ụ̆˵ʲôأҲŲСء
˵ǣ֪˭˵˼һˣһʱܵȥţ⼸첻ȥΡŮЦŵ
̡ϧ죬ĿŮӡ
ˣˣ̲˵˻ɡŮӼ״ɵ
̣֪ΪʲôҾҺľԽԽԶˡϧ³Ƭ̺󣬼Ҳ֪Լǲ
˭˵ģ̲˺죬ϧĵôãô㲻Ůüͷһ壬˵
ϧȴǿЦҡҡͷڵԼĸоʮѾصߣضṳ̂룬ҵ˵κ֮УԽնɱһλصߣߵȫҲֵܵһô㣬ҡ
Խ׶սǲŮ΢΢ͷϧȴǸˡ
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ô죿Ůӳ
ѾŬˣȴôҲ׷໹ԽԽһҺѾֻ֮ϧЩʧ˵ʱ䣬ҲʮֵŬ˵СǺͳȣȴȫ
Ůӿһʧĳϧ£в̾һ֮·ʱŬеģ츳ռ˲Сԭ
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̣ܰңϧһһãȻĿŮӡ
Ů΢΢ͷҵȷ԰㣬ΰ㣬һܸ㣬ҵİͱ뿪Ҹһҵš
ţ
ϧǰŮӣһ̣ƺҲǸо̲ѰߣӲ֮ǰ²ĺ쾳Ϊ
Ը𣿡
ҡ
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ˣȷЩѣҸһЩʱ䣬һԥĳϧ£ŮӲ̾һȻѾȶȴҪʱָһЩʵӦȥ·ϵΣա
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ѾͷЩʧȥõϧ£ŮӲ̾һ
ϧֻŮӣȻСӵ츳ǿܹţһ㣬ȴﲻ㡣Ů΢΢ҡͷɫһ˿֮ɫ
ݣҪͽţȻʲô⣬ǰǶԷŮӣˣĹأȴƻġ
ϣСܹоһİɡŮųլԺڵķ૵


66 
ʱĳչһУԼΪϵľ޴࣬뾡ΪС
չֳһ츳ȻҲȫ֧ЩԴΪٶȻҲͿ
̶̼ʱ䣬ΪѾﵽ۷ĲΣֻһ̤أ似ϣڶջ٣ǶҲǷߣں似ԳİͬǲСںϵ似Ѿ˳Ρ
ڳչʱ䣬ҸϢҲǳ׵Ĵ
ˮǡ
һ˳֮һһӵϸǿĳǳأˮǸǳ֮ʵΪǿġ
ˮǣڵˡ
ǰǾ޴ĳǳأһ긾һâǷɿĽˮǡ
ּҡ
ּǳˮǿļ壬Ҳǳˮǵĳּܹ֮帽ʮǳأΪּһλϸǿߡ
飬ˣǰӣʵ
ǰӲǱˣһּҵļַ硣
ѾĲˣʱʮֵСģǵܹ鵽Ϣޡַ̾һ
ˮǱͺͺԶּȻڸļǳǿĴڣӰ嵽ҡ
ӽ飬һҪڵرǸ룬СС;նɱصߣˣ˵ʲôǿ֧֡ڵ
ּҵӰΣңǲһҸ𣬶ʱڳλòһ㶫˵Էֱӽŭϡ
ַ˵ͷȻΪʲôһңּܹĹؼҲּǿĵƣּ˵ҲԶԶȲһ仰һ仰ܻ

ڴʱһСԺ֮д
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С㣬ʵڲܹģֶԸҵޣһλǼǿߣּǲ𡣡һɬ
ǼǸεǿߣּڶԷͬһ㣬ǶԷԷܹңһּҡ
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Ϊ㲻֣ҾͻŹ㣬˵ΪɱǸŮˣͬˣͺͳ֮𡣡긾һЦ
һεĵ˵ͷ˶ΪǶΪɱΪ˼ŵšֻЩʱμ׷ɱϸ߲֪ĿǳĪ룡


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ĳȻ츳磬Ҳ쾳ΪһϸǿѾʮþȣȴλϸǿߣҲδ̫ˡ
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˻벻һ㶣λǰߵôƺҲΪĲɼȻôֻ־


69 Ůϧ
Ȼ֪ǰǰΪʲôԼӡ˲ãԷϾһҲ׷ԭ
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Ѿ뿪ǽλǿ߼Ȼûɱ֮ģҲ׷ˡӣܵûǿ׷һ
֮ǰǿȻû֣Էһ߾ˣʵδţԲϸֶΡ
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Σ¾Բйȥ϶ҡӣѾ¶ģ¾͵ûзԺ󱻴ȥҲȫжΣƵϡ


70 
Ȼ֪ӣ˿̵뷨ûɱԼ˲ᣬο͵ʴס
С㣬ѲɾγСӼɳȥӣЩĵ˵
Ȼ㻹Σһλǿ򣬶Ѿ֪ҵݣڳңλŹǣӣһ˵
Գɱ˿ͣҪɱ룬ȴҪһλǼǿߣȴǲԸġ
С츳ǿֻ֧֣̤ϸҲǳ飬ʱͬһ
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СҪɾͣͲһֱڳң϶뿪ңʱֶԸҲ٣ҵʱҲҪҳλ쾳֣߳ǴԽƵһɶӣ룬ǿڵ
˻һǰһڳңҪɱ˲ֻϸ߲пܰ쵽뿪ңʵҲضѣһصߣ׵նɱߣǵ׾ҵʱȫԻʬ𼣣˭Ҳºйء
СȻֶΡ
ӣÿɷĵ˵ͷߵһ£ʲôϢ֪ͨңСӣԲɳȥ
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Ůˣʲô¶ҳ֣ҿɲôɵʧӣһ˿Ц
ǻ˼ϹȻɵȫӣȻڼ֮£ȴֻּҶѡ

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ų뽫Լӣ׷ɱХ죬ҵĸ߲ڲһʱ䣬̻۵´
һΣոջָĴϣĽҲǳϯ¡
룬˵ǸӣӦþǵһҼŮһΣʮǰ飬ʱֻصΪû뵽ôȥȻѾ̤ϸĽһп
ϣΪʲôûⷽļأüȻһŮӣ˵ӦصעŶԣǳȴûⷽء
ŮȻˣͱһλǿӣΣ˵뼫ţûعңȻҲҵˣȴԼԾӡĽƻ
⻰Ҳ׹λҵĹϵã˵һ˿ѪϵûκεĽϼźұԵȵûⷽļأҲʵ
ڿӣӦͺұǰӣֻûⷽϢŴΧ£ҲУпܾд˵ӰӡХ
Χ
пЦȻҵ˸֪Գ׷ɱΪ׷ɱΪΧɱĪ롣
Ȼһӣһλǰˣѱٴζ֣ǳڻ޷ϸǿ߿⣬ʱ䣬ʯϸߣҪɱ㣬Ҳ޷ƿʯҡĽ룬ڵ
ûϸߣγܹӹһ٣´οɾδĺˣʯΨһȫĵطǶԷʵѾﵽǼǿƿʯҡǵǿߣмڶһֻ쾳ĳҳ֡
˵ͷĽƲ˵ʱҲʯɲپһν޷ƿصĸо
ʯҲһ취õİ취ǳҾ쵮һλϸߣֻЩԳ붯ֵ߲һԵĳХͻȻڵ
ʯãȴһӶ棬ֻ˷츳
ǳȻͻϸķţʱҲֻдһϣͻϸЩûжʮʱ䣬ֻ¸޷ͻϸХԣһЦſڵ
ЩԪˮȱʧʹóҴﵽصָڶԴ㣬˷ţʱҲѵԼϸߡ
ʱһٴαչسԳϸҪ̤ϸȴûʮİաĽƿ۳룬ҪǳҵԼϸ֤룬ϣ̫СҾӦóЩǿš
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츳ĿãǳΪţţԳҵĵ̸޷ЩǿȴͬһЩţǼǿǵǿţǼ룬˵һӣǼֻҲκβ
⵹һ취Х΢΢˵ͷ˿룬Ǽֻǳһ̳ˣţƺЩ̫ʡ
ȻٵҲһЩӵȥμЩŵĿˣȴûǸ̳˻ȥϾΪ̳ˣһ֮ݣֻһͨӣɻƿؼһЩ鷳
Ҳֻ취ܱ֤İȫİȫ㱻ЦҲˡĽƳ
ԣڵ˲˵ͷ츳ֵóΪ
֪ϣҸ߲˲С˵Ϊһˣ˲Сۣ£ǿļҲʮټġ
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룬㻹ʲô£Хһ㶣ų
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ѵТģôܲ׼Хһп
ʱ䣬ҲֻʣµԪѣ׷ͺڷˣХͬʮܣֻΪΪҿǡ
ˣһĸ׵顣ͻȻ
֪ǷһλǿߵΧɱҲ֪ĸ׵ʲôϣܹҵһЩ
Хһ㶣üôȻ
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Х룬ǻ˵֪Ҳֻ֪࣬Ī룬һλ쾳ðߣʵڿʶΪޣǵһλسҵʱ򣬾ͷǼ£ҲֻǼһζѡ
Ȼ
ɫ΢䣬ȻͲ²Х֪Ĳ̫࣬ȻҲ֪ܲҪԸĪ룬ֱХ˵£֪ȻڵһλسҵʱΧɱˡ


71 
ȳ֮ǰԤϵĻҪ⣬Ҫ֪Ī£ֻ֪һЩôἰ£¶Ī֪ҲΪޡ
ڶ峿Ӱڳ֮У뿪˺ǣͬʱҲǰʯңʯչء
֮ǰѾ۷ΪģѾͻصһαչأȻǳضȥ
ڳչصͬʱϧ뿪£Ҹ߲ҲǵõϢ
ô죿ϧµ飬Хüͷ
û뵽־³ľȻϧµʦһθǸʦšХҲһпʵ³λǰҲĲ²⣬ֻ˭Ҳû뵽³Ļǳϧ¸ոհݵʦ
ϧܹһҲĻԵӦΪеˣֻ¸κԼ뽻Ľü
ϧܹǿ߿ϣţԳҶȻһ£ҲǶһɽֻǲǳ룬֪ϧ뿪飬϶ǲģǸκ˵ȴһС鷳
ﻹ˵⣬ֻǳХ̸һϧºͳɥĸСΪ÷¶û£ֻ˲֮ͻ顣ڳϧȴǼпһȥأۿҲҪһʧȥλҪˣκ˶Զһ޴Ĵ
Ľ룬ǿЦŵæųأʱҪϧ¼Ȼ뵥һţȳ֮תˣ£ЩģҲò֡
Ҳֻˡ
ԣһԵĳХͳХһۣ̾һ

ųṩĵҩڵٵţ̶һʱ䣬ڵѾǴﵽ˱͵ĳ̶ȡ
ʱˡ
ͳöҩһֱӷȥҩڼҩתϵתΪ뵽ڵĵ֮С
ŵеϵѹǴﵽһٽ㡣
ƣ
еͺһȫתڵصƿ
ۡ
ųڵ֮дһϸ΢صƿֱӱһγƣΪҲʽ̤صĲΡ
ָоáԻ˲ٵȴûͣǼڲҩЩҩϵΪҲȹ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ã뽫ڲҩȫǳ׵ͣ
ڵʵ񣬿һоҪǻ벻૵
̤أΪҲ˲С罣صߣҲһս
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãʱȥˡ̤أȻޣʱڣѾİ
ڵӿͬʱעʯҴţſ֨һʯſ̷˵ȺʯĳХһˡ
Хһˣ벻΢΢һ㶣ȴû뵽ԼոձչسͼǣҿǵƺڵԼ
룬ΪﵽأųϵХɫһ䣬ϲ
ʮߣţһ˳Уδܹҳһ츳һ˳ǵ֮ͬУҲһġ
ͻơͷǲǳʲô£
Լɣ
Х̾һϧµǷŽ˳롣
ϧ½ˣ
ϵݣӲ΢΢һôҲû뵽ϧ¾Ȼ뿪˳ңžȹλǰȥһȫŮӵţĿľȻֻҪ׷ԼĲ
һ̣Ȼʧһֱ֪ԼԳϧµʲôоǴ˿̣ȴˡ
ϧ½㣬β׷ҵĲ׷ĲˡпЦ
Ȼû˵ϧµ֣ȴ֪ϧ°žԲ򵥣Ϊ֮ǰ־λǰӦǼǿߣһӵвǼǿţѾԺһ֮ˡ
ϧ½㣬ңһԹ㡣Ŀ⿴Զɫ쳣ļᶨҪԼʵȥҵϧ¡
ʱ䣬żҲǰؿһʱ֮УҲΪҪһ£񣡳߶һΪҪ飬һ꣬ζ߾Ҫ幱ףһζĻѼԴ
ڳ֮󣬳ٴεһλߣһεĲ̤۷ߣǳ֮󣬳ͿʼչأǰһʱǴﵽ˺۷壬ӶʼԳ죬û뵽汻ɹǵ˵ڶλʮ֮µߡ
ԭڶʮ֮ǰ̤쾳ӦǴϲһгǰŸո̤죬Ѿصȣȫûпɱԡ
ԭΪ̤쾳ĲСһЩٴս㣬û뵽ô̵ʱ䣬Ѿ̤أҺĲ෴ԽԽˡһЦĿǰĳ롣
ԭ̤쾳ʮָ˵ĳڵ֪ڵʵ֮Ҳף֮Ĳ಻ûСԽԽ
ҲǽҶѡҡҡͷ
ÿɷЦЦ˵쿪ʼͻᵽȥ
ͷҵֻʣһµԪҴʱ
⻰һʱҲ֪ΰο룬ﶼȥˣ÷ĳϧҲ뿪ˣĳ룬˵֮ˣֻʣһХѡԳĿХ쵱Ϊ׷棬ȴЩˡ
Ҳ̫ģ㻹ôֵͬܣҲһˡ
˵ͷѪϵӣҹϵã֪ҸȻֶԸڼϣȴ˿Ҳ

ڶһ磬Ͷǰء
ʱš
Ÿףÿ츸ĪĹǰһʱ䣬϶˵һЩĸ׵¡ĸ׵ݣҲò֪ҲΪޣֻ֪ĪƺһϵңΪλںǣȴǴδ
һٽҲǷֳԽԽնʼٵ˥ǺľԪĴۣÿȹһ죬Գԣ͵ʮꡣ
գһ컹ǵˡ
ĪĹǰ֮ϣһλͷ׷һƵߣճյĿǰĹһ꣬һƤӡ
飬ˣΨһĲµľ㣬Ҷ꣬Ҫȥμſˣô죿ԵƤӣ˵
ͷۿͨ죬˫ֱ
ģѾͼùڳִ¡뿪ڵ
һ޶Ůһֱ߳뽵󣬱Ǹչ˳룬жԹҲʮֵĸмԺͺͳХ˵¡
Ҳá΢΢ͷڳ룬ģһǿʦ츳ҲҲԱ֮ԹİţҲĵ˵ͷ
öָĸµģ˵öָݵҲҾͽˡӻͳһöīɫĹӽָݸ롣
ָ
ӹָһ˿⣬ϸĿǽָʮ⣬ǽļʶһʱ侹Ȼָʲôɡ


72 ټ׳
ת΢΢ǹӽָȴû˿ı仯
ȻǷ
һ⣬ڵΪȫ֮£һľ֣Ҳӡǰ۵ĽָΪȻκβ˿
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ôҲ̫Թķ޷ʹŽָԲǷҲ²ҪʹŽָҪﵽһΪС˵
ͷ뷨ͳһǰָ쾳Ϊ޷˿֮ȻҪǿʵС
һʱǣ׷ѰĵӾǺĸһʱ䡣һ˿صĹâұΪĸ׻һδͬһ֮·ϴһãϧһϦ˲䣬ˣĸҲˣֻʣһ˹Ӳд츳֮ϣ飬һ
Ӧңʵ֮ǰԲҪȥ𡣡
ģһĸԼ󲮱𡣡֣صĵ˵ͷ
οĵ˵ͷ֮󣬽ҺԼһ𡣡
뺬˵ͷ֮ǰĳ룬ڵԳӡ󲢲࣬ӰǳΪ찵ϵĽΪѰĵرڳһʱ䣬ȴڳϸܵŨŨĸûе£ҲӵһҸļͥ
סšֻлŲϣ˵ţͻȻͫ׵Ĺâʼɢһ̣˫ɣĿȴҲû˿Ĺˡ
ͨ
ڵϣˮһҪˡ
һʹĹڵϡ
Բ㡣⣬Хǳ֮ʧȥϢĳۿ΢΢һ졣
ˣǸͬһںҲˣ˭Ҳ֪ҵڶһĵ˳ҵء
֮󣬳ضһ·ء
ڷǰصĿͷ
Ҫˣ֪ʲôʱܻ´λʱһ˵ͷ㡣૵
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ߵĺ磬ɫոշѾ뿪˺ǡ
ŵκܿʧ

뿪ǣ벢ûȥǳľǵķȥ˵ںǣʲôŲµģǾǳˡ
ʵ޷ӻңܹһģֻľǵ׳뿪ǵʱ򣬳;ȥһ׳ϣܱӻһ
ʱ䣬ľҲǷ˾޴ı䶯ֻǳһֱųû˼Щ顣
뿪ľǵ׳𣬰ǰѾˣ׼ҵһЩ󱲣ͬʱһľǳƿľǵļҲǱ׼ҡ
Ȼ׼˶ϡ׳λǼǿ򣬼ʱ䣬׼ҳ׵ǿʢ
һĸ·ľǣһһǳأľ֮ǰͺǵжԹϵҵ߸ĳҾԲǻ뿪ȴǲͬˣƿľǵļѾұ׼ҡ
סľǸˣ
ų׳Ƕ֣벻΢΢һ㶣Ϣһ֪ȻľǸ£ŷѡ
ľǣѾˣ仯Ҳʲôֵ飬ֻһ˳ǣһʢ˥ܶҪһμʱ䣬ĳǳز׳ǼΪȫ޸һǳص֡
ǵľǵַ˱仯ǸľǰȫĻҲ仯Щŵһֻɫףڳڵһ·ϣҲǵ֪ЩµĻ֮Ϊ׼
ľȻ֮ǰ˾ޱ䣬˿ȴѾȫҲ֣һǼǿ򣬳˸ҵʱսľһֱʮֵȶ
ٵҾַ½һ޴լԺ׳ǵƿؼ壬׼ҡ
׼صأ˵ֹ
ոǰ׼ҵ׼̳ס˳롣
Щ׼׼֮ˣǵһս˲٣вٻ׼֮ʣҲصЩУֱӽЩձ׼׳ƽյİȫ
λ³Ҫ׳ǰͨһ¡뿪ڵ
׳
׼ԣ΢΢һ㶣׼ҵֱϵ࣬ȴûһ׳ˡң֣ƺҲЩϤ
ǳ룿
ͻȻһƺ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬ɫʱЩ
һ̣ȴڵľǣѾûң׼һλ򣬱˵һ룬ҳҲԲ׼ҵĶ֡
¡뵹û뵽ԼȻôʵ֪ڵңѾΪɱĶȻûˣЩ׼ԭڳȻİ
˼׼Ҳûһ׳ߡ׼ڵ
ԣ벻һ㶣ܿ׹Щ׼ֻǺΪ˵Ǽϸ쾳˵Ǹ߲ʣô֪׳
ô죿ΣЩѰ׼֪׳ֱܲ˵Ҫ׼ɣҪô˵Щ׼ֱӾͶˡ
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ڳ˼βܽ׼Ҽ׳ʱ׼֮УһȻɿſڷ
Сӣˣȥų룬˵
ڸղţ׳ſڽӳ룬̾͸˹
޴ߣ׼̹ɫһ˿η֮ɫǰͷޣʮֻޣֱӸңҲλɱпǾηĺܡ
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˵ҽζӳլԺȥҲǿ첽ĸ˶Է
ߣܿ׼֮Уټ׼ң˿ԵЩ壬׳˵׼ұһң˥ܣ׼ʣµ߲ŵ˶Ρ
ߣ׼Ҵһʱ䣬ܿһĵıԺ֮С
㡣߶Գ˵һתȥ
ǿ첽߽˱ԺսԺͿʯԵȺ׳
룬ǰ̹
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˵ͷǽ˵˳
ʲô£С¶ѣбһ죬гңĺˡ׳Ц
лǰм
׳Ƭ̺󣬲ǿڵȥǣμĸŵĿˣ
ڻû뷨ȵ˿֮㡣Ҳֱӿڵ
ȻռһЩŵϢЩϢ̫ˣ֪ҲǾźͼţűȳռЩŻҪǿ١
ͿЩ飬һ㵽˿ǣֱӵȥǿ϶кŵϢһ£һҪ׼׳룬ڵ
лǰҲû뵽׳ȻôԸм


73 ּּ
׳ԣЦҡҡͷ׷ǰҲͻƵǼ˵ѩޣֻ׼Ҷˡ
׷ǰĴˣЩԱԣǾ֮Ͷѣкβɣ
ȻЩ׳ֻǾ֮ͣǶԳȴĶ飬Ҳ뿪ǰľ׳ϣܹշһ³ҡ
Σǰġɫ
׳Ȼ˵ɣͳ뱾ûʲôϵֻΪ׷мϵ׳ְܹݶȷС
ˣαضһ쾳Сһˣȥĳ룬Щʵ
Ӳ򵥣СС;ͷͬޣҵԣ̤쾳Ųµʱ䣬ô̵ʱ䣬ܹڷŲĳɾͣΪѾ̤أǵ걾Ҳû׳п
ԣ΢΢˵ͷ޵ԪԶ֮ϣôں֮Уȷûš
ɾˣСӽҲδܹ̤Ǽ
벻̤Ǽ׳ԣû˿İϾ׳ٻԪϸһٵԪ˵ˣ׳𻹻ţǼΪﻹҪİ
˵ĲȻд츳˳ˮΣ̤Ǽڵĸͻõر̤ǼҶҲûκεʧ׳һƽ˵
Ӣʱ׹æڵ
׳ҡҡͷµһ΢еʶ߶ֻϾޣûΣȻŲǻۣ˼άʽȴ಻ͬ
Ѿ뿪׳ǵĳ룬Ȼ֪׳еʵ뷨֪Ҳ˶׳¾ǻҲ׳һο׳˿̶İȷС

ߵĴ֮ϣһݵӰźǶȥ
ȻҵõĹͽ䣬󽣵ȴҪںĽںϵĽԽ࣬ԽǿҴĺ似Ѿ似ٴһϸ似ĽҵʵвС밵Ȼڶ֮еõ˼׷µĽ˿似߳ζѣҪﵽͬ罣ǰȣҪ似С
ɣҵʵܴлᱨصԪ硣
˺𣬵Щ˳ңϸߣһŵ֧֣ɲΪɥ
ֻлţܱ𣬲ҵϧ£ܻصԪ磬ڳҪľΪǱ
ֻϧҵ̲㣬ﵽأҪԳҵԴΪʵ̫ˣڱѰһǿż롣밵һţۣĿǼԪȻѰһѰż롣
һ·ǰУżҲһЩޣҶǰǵ·ֻһż򵥵ĲͼһЩΣ֮أǺͺʮҺٻǰǡ
ԳڵΪһϼǧ·ԶС£ȫԸﶼ¡
䡫
ţ
Ȼоһǿ󲨶תͷǲȥֻǰһӴĳӾŴ󳵵ľȻһͷͷ޴ޡ
ޣޡԶޣͫײ͵һ
ȻֻǺصޣһȴԿѰصޣǻ۵£ǺܶӰĿܹʹ޵ԲǳҿɱȣȻҲƵޣȴֻǺص޶ѣˣڳҲǼٵġ
ס¶̨
ͻȻмһɳ۵¶̨˳Ŀ⣬¶̨֮ϣվż欵Ůмݻ֮ϣһŻĹӰԵŮʱʱΪǹһƣò⡣
ܡǹӵģڿԼһ糾͵ӣвһЦǰȣ²ؤǿ١
ǹ˯ϡĿ˿ķߵ˶Цƺûпһһ·֮ϣûǧҲ߰˰٣Ȼ⡣
ӷɳۣĴ֮ϺХȥܿʧ˳֮С
ǳӵٶȣȻҸ·ٶȲ޳·ҲƣпһȻʵ̫ǿٶҲǺмΪǿģҲΪʲô޻ᱻݳͰԭ
ԽǿǣǿԽ࣬ղǸ֮пϸǿѾĵڰ˲ˡһп
Ƕһ˳֮ĿǣｮģǿһЩʵǿţ䣬ǳҶһֲһЩǿɢ޶ԸںΪ࣬˵һɳĻᡣ
ΪҪǣǵΰܺãкǼǿûʲôʵڿΥ
ڵٶȣʱ䣬Ӧþܸϵˡ΢һڵλã뿤ǻнľ룬ҲǼ·̡
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ǵʲôˣȻΧ˼ҵˣǱΧסΪ꿴ǰƤһˣŭ
ߣǼͺ꣬лһŮɫ׵ӣȻһȺĻĸѪɫ԰ףȻѾ˲ᣬǺһƤһ֮䣬м߸ոȥʬ壬Ȼ֮ǰ﷢˼ҵɱ
˼滹ţǻδһڣ˼ϸǿ߶ûУȻҺһ𣬼ֱѰ·Ƥһ֮Уһ׳Ц
ңּҵˣΪ׵ԣɫʱһ䣬
ԭҲһλϸǿ򣬵ʮǰ֮һֱּҴѹ֮ǰ˼ҵͬ䣬ּͬʼѹ˼ң˵ĵ˾ԼѣҺ˼Ȼ˭һǰǣȻᱻּҵ׷ɱ
ּңѵּңһԵĳ˵ĶԻɫ΢΢һ䡣


74 һնɱ
˵Һ˼ңͳһͬƿһǵļ壬ڳ֮ϣΪڽ֮ڣϸǿ˵ûϸǿ򣬵ȴҲҪȳǧ궼ûϸļǿ
Һ˼úּ಻Զǰ㶦ľ棬ֻʣּһһλϸ
Щ˿е֪˼Һңһʱ뵽ּҡ
Χɱĸ֮ǰں֮УҲԳֶԸǲ־˺֮С
˴ֻܲϸΪصΪѣԷ־ɱȻҲɵּ
ʱּҵˣȴһƽϣЩ˵Ϊ̫ǿǿҲضѣʵȫܹӦ
û뵽ּңֻǵùˡһɱЦվȨּһϢˡ
һɱƤ׳һЦдһΣɱ˻סϼߡ
ɱǰƤ׳ּ֣Ҳɱ˼ˡ
ɱƤһˣһɫ׵æүǻȫסּҵˣͼͻΧɢߣһһ
ּһԱ˼Ҹ࣬սȥ˼ҿһ˶ӲΨһİ취ͻΧ

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Ϊ׵Ļ󼱣ǰǣǰȫӾǰӣҲ׵ĻС󣬱˴˵ĹϵѾǳԽһ͡
ߣǿߡϼߵͺԭҲصΪκ֮ǰɱ˲ᣬ˿̸޷ֵȫԸƤӡ
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֮һóٶȣٶ֮Զص߸ǿһҲǲϵõ׷ĸڷ֮һĸϸӵٶҲǸ죬ȫѰ۷߲
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ּһ쾳ߣҲҪСĴۣ֮ǰ˼ҵɱּҶûʧô󣬴˿̾ȻǱһĵ˽ɱλߣҲǳ׵ķŭˡ
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ϧһӰȫ֮УȻܷ֡뿴ȥƤ׳ȴû˿ĸˡһĽֽȱʮֵԣΪ򲻹׾ͱ֮֡ǰܹնɱƤ׳һɷ֣Ƥ׳ʧûܼʱӦһֻѡ
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ӣӵĵ𣿡ŴߵּߣһЦһĹ㳯ߵּϮȥ

ּҵˣϸ
һּߴһ̣ǱĹֱӶ壬ɸһ㡣
ȥּˣ˼һ˲мּܵߣȻֱӱһնɱ
лǰ֮ǻعһǶԸ˵ּˣնɱɲܹǵġ
ҿɲʲôǰֻǺּЩڶѡ뵭ȻһЦ
˿δ̨깰ֵڳǰɲд󣬶ԷͱʵпǺĳߣܵġ
룡뿪ڵ
ǳ룿
ԣǻ겻оȻ֡


75 ִ￤
ڨڨӣûоԼȻ˴ʵ֪֮У˼Ȼûв룬Ҳ˴̽һһţնɱô֪ܲ
ֻ˿û뵽ǣֻܹǿնɱߵĳ룬ѾܹһɱУȻʱ䣬ʵ˲С
˵˿˶쾳ΪԼ֪Լ£ǰȫĽ˼Ҹܵô쾳ɾˣ˼֮Уʵǿ˿Ҳһ۷ѣͳ಻С
һܣҲ֪˼ӵ֣ܵͬʱ֪˼ǰǵĿġԭ˼ּܵҵĴѹǴԼǰţһһɹ˼ұͶһ֧ţּҲ̫֡ΪּĴѹ̫˼Ϊ˲ּҵע⣬Ż˿ǰǣûʲôǿֻ߱ϧϢй¶ˣǱּҵ׷ϣǳ֣Ǵ˿ֻѾ䡣
Ҳǰǣ˿֪ϢɫһϲæǼҲǰǣֲһǰΣ
⻰һԵ˼ӵܶ¶ڴɫ
á˵ͷ˵ĵ˾Լѣ˼ҺּҲԸȻ⽻һ¡
ѡһͬУ˼ұͺּҲԸ֮⣬ΪҪǣҪ͸˿˽硣
ҳ뿤Ǿ̫ңԶ˵ѾǽӽıԵ˼ҲͬǾ뿤Ǹ֮ǰ򣬶Ժ˽⣬Բǳҿɱȡ
֣˼ʢƣ˼ĸڡ
ǰ֣Ȼߵİ󣬲ڷûиʣá
·ϢʱһڿյϣһԵĵϰ˾ˮ⣬ЩˮȻ˼Ҵģһ·ֻ伢ˡ
ȷѵõĺþơͷ
ʵϸ˵Ѿͨľƣһ࣬͵ҩûֻҩԸ٣ºͶѡ
ܹļ壬ҳҾӪҩĺͱ˼ȴƣȳһһΣип
ƶ쾳߰󣬵ȴΪˮգ۸ˣ˲ϲ֮ƣڳҵʱ򣬳Ҳֻд·ʱܺȵһ㣬˼ұǾӪƣ˿ύȻǹܹ
ĸϵѾõĲ࣬ȼյԪȴȴ޷ָȻֻǶ̶̰յʱĸʧԪȴʮ꣬ǳ룬ֻܼȼȥ
˿̾һЦһ˳ǵĳ壬ޣûϸȴĵȥ˼ҲΣյʱ򣬼ûܵһλϸֻ취ЩǿšֻüһȥȻһ˼ҲΪһͨҡһ³
˵ĲǵĸһûˣҲɥ֮Ȯˡ̾һ
ҲǸпѣ˵ĲҸ𣬲öٳǳصļ嵣Ĳѣ£һͻᷢԼϣҲͬһ˳ǣֻЩӵϸǿļ壬ĺùһЩǵϸǿ׳ҲδػҶ֣㶯֣ҲδشӦϾһӵϸǳѾһ˳һĴˡ
͸˿һˣһ·Ҳ˽źͺ飬еȵǣžȻǼǿ򣬶ں֮оȻܹŽǰʮȻֻǸոյףҲܿŵǿ
֣㿴ǾǺǡ˿ָԶľ޴ǳغ
ǣæתͷȥ
ֻԶ޾֮ϣһ޴޷ͷľ޴ǳأǧҲܸоһΡƣǴ֮Ϸ·ſһֻޣʱ˶ʳ
𣿡ԺһͷȻǰĳǳؾ޴󣬵ҲηӵһܣΨһĿܾǳ󷨵ı
ǣڵˡһâ
ڵˡһԵ˿ҲǾâΪǣ˼ҵʧɲС֮ǰȥЩ˼һͲˣǻŵˣҲΪȼԪӰ쵽Ժ֮·
һ˳ȥΪѾ쵽ǵԭһ˵ٶȾȻǼӿ˲٣̶·ϣҲ˲ߣд̶ӡЩ̶ڸǳأȴǽܲڿǣкǲǺȫĵط
ʮڽ𡣡һ׵˳һˣ˵ΪȻѾǴﵽΣߣȻֻһس䣬óипѡ
֣ɡһԵ˿æǰ
ʮڽһ߶Զʲôο˼Һͳӵһǵļ壬˿ͣȻҲӡ
ڽǾʿֱӽûһʵƣ麮֣Ǻǵı־
˿˺ܿͽ˿ǣ˿Ц֣ܵǣǧ˰ٰʮǧʮֶĳǣţ⻹һ
ֻǵһǣ˿һΣΪصĶ˿֮ǰ˼߻ǰǡ
Ȼ΢΢һЩƵ
˰ٰʮʮռʮ֮һܱ߼ȫǺĲҵռ˿ǵ߷֮һ˵ܲܶ㣿˿Цŵ
ͷȴû뵽Ȼ֮ǺǻҪϺܶ࣬ѹֻᱻΪ⣬Ѿ޷ֵĳκһط
֮ǰĵطţԿϷ򣬶ǵĵطǿΪĵط˿ܵ
ͷҪ˿ܣ¶֪ǲΪĵطǸսϳǣѾȺǲ֪˶ٱ
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ˡҡҡͷ
һԵ翴룬ҪȰ˵
ȻӻҪ£ҵȾͲˡһԵĻʯЦǳпǣһҪ˼ҡ
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ʯо֮ҪǿȼԪΪˣ
С㣬ȷȹǣҪʱԽʯЦһλ˲СĴۣþŵųϴӦǲμӾŵĿˣͶ£ǵʱȥô죿
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ˣԳֵ츳ʵ㿿Լı£Ҳδػǲ˿̾
ϣ˰ɡһԵε
Ϊ˼ӵܣһλεĲףǰͿʼΪıڲеϣ˼ʢĹؼʧ£˵ϲöԹҲֻʱá


76 
ʯ̬ͻȻ仯ȴûзϣ˼ԼĴ㣬ҲҪǰ׳֮Ĺϵ̫֪ͬ
Ȼϳǣǰľȴǲ֪ʱŸϵ
Ǻðĸۡ뿴ԶĸۡѲӵľʿҲ𺳲ѣǰĸۡȺǻҪǿ滹һǣһѾԳ֮Ϊһǣһǡ
ЩʿΪһ˿ɱ֮ȻǾþɱߣȻЩߴֻһصΪһӾʿʮһ֣Ҳݱܷâ
·ϵҲǾʿͺ𣬸ҹڿֻԶԶıܿ
ߺˣصأ˵뿪ɱۡһӾʿУξ룬̺ȵ
ɷΧһֿ֮ˣȨֱӸɱǺǵһطҲֻ֮ûɱ֮Ȩ
һóһƣǵ׳𽻸ġӵֻһ֣ȴ˸ҷƣΪƴǺǿң
һƣУξɫһ䣬̹֪˭Сȥͨ
³룬֮ǰˡЦͨһ¡
ˣʵڲ˼ͬүǰְں֮СǾʿһ㶣æ˵俴жһ˿η֮ɫǿǺеλߵһˣǺүұۣ˵һ֮֮ϵĴڡ
ػۡľʿĿҲ࣬ɲܵġ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ȴû뵽Ȼ뿪ˣ׳ںʶҲ࣬ȴǸӡãҲóԭ
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УξɫЩѿвɿһȴʱһ䣬ݲ
ˣûʲôҪ£ҿ԰ͨүү˵Ĺӣ뿪ǰһ鶼ϹӴУξԥһ£ǿڵ
⻰ǰһǰʵûʲôҪ飬ֻ͸Ĺϵ˽һºţѡʺšȻ׳񣬵׳ʲôˣǿǼΪʶˣ㲻ǼΪֻҵλͣΪС϶ԷﻹЩûסĶӣǾͲͬˣʲô£˴ҲһЩ
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أӿų룬΢΢üܹйϵôвص˵Ϳֻʮ꣬ΪȻǿۡ
λ̨֪ĳǣӿڵ
³룬׳𡣡빰ֵ
ԭǰʧԶӭæ
׳λ½ǼǿߣȻİ֮ǰ׳ȻֻǸո̤ǼʵȴѰǼһغڵ֮¡ҵĲ²⣬׳ʵвСյĳɾ;ԲֻһѰǼһô򵥡ǱȻʮֵġ
ֵܣҾдһּɡЦŵ
СӾԽˡ
ǰͼҸǺѣȻҲ׽׽ǡЦ
ϲǳҵΪ˴Բһܱȣͳһ̸໥˽⣬ֲʧݡ
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ȷˣĵǰͬԡЦ
ϵͷһ׵ӣ飬ʵһЩСʱзڴǴ֮ȴٻУԭܼ򵥣ΪЩҺŵ񣬼ĵмأһЩĵҲȫܹͨЩ̲ȴһС鷳
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ΪıЩ޽ɣɿ϶˽ļأܹѡźܶࡣ
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Ȼˣǰʮţǿųźˡʣ°˸ţѪר޵ųٻŮţҲųֻʣšϻ˵
ǣæ׷ʵ
еľţҽҲҪȥɺͼЩԹһ˵Уҽ㲻ҪţΪĴ޽ʱŵ϶ǰϿڵ
˵ͷһǰֻΪ˱İȫͬҲΪ׷Ŷ˴ѹȻ϶Ҫһȶš
һר޽ţ콣ţԽۡϼ־֪ǵĶԽǺεȵֿʷƾãһֱҺǰ֮УλǼǿ򡣡
콣Ų֪˶似ҵһλȣһ콣ܣǿҲЩһšϵ
֮ǰ˵ͼжԹǼź콣ȫûпɱԣ콣κһǼǿ֣߳׵Ļܼš
벻ͷŵ˲ãĺڶԷԹȻҲֻǳԹѣɱ콣ſ϶ǺĶ֡ҿɲԼвٵǼǿߣ˲ǼĹ֧֣һܹġ
ºóĵ뻹֪ģһǿţܹó֮ߵøԶ
콣յʮֵϸ񣬾ǵջдµʱ䣬Դȥǵĸ˵һ㶨¡ϼһеӣЦ˵ʣµļţûмܵ˼ϾѡţʺԼģȻҪѡǿġ
˾֡м
ֵܣȥ콣ţǵĸҪ֪ǰĹϵ²ҿڣ㵱ӡЦ
ǼǿߣǿǺĴڣο׳ոͻƣͿ̤Ǽߣ콣֪Ҳύ
ǰƣȻð¡ипҪ׳æ˵ϣǰ콣ţ˼ҲδԸȻҲţ콣żŻ٣


77 ౦¥
ܹ콣ĶţҲԳ֣ǿǴ˲֪š
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ֵܣѵһκǽ콣ţ֪ʲôʱٳһҪһµ֮ꡣЦ˵
˵ͷŵ鶨£еĴʯҲǳ׵ķ£ڿҲʮֵĺ棬˾޴ĳǳأǲúõһǿɾǰһˡ
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϶쳵ԱߵӷԸ

ͷ쳵ɿڽֵϼٶȣȻڳȫʩչٶȡ
Ҫ֪ڳڣϿҲҪѹһٶȣڳ⣬쳵ȫ񱼣Ѱֻ¸޷׷ϡ
쳵ɣЦóԼ쳵ʮֵ⣬ȻĳǸˡ
ֹһ·֮ϵҲٳӣݻ쳵ȴǵһμп
һ·֮ϣʶٵ쳵ΪݶѣΪݵ쳵ȷǵһμǺ۷ޣȻδﵽ죬ҲѰܹѱġ
Ȼǵҳʱ򣬸ҵݡ֮ͬУҲһģʯ̨֮ϻһ󷨣ɹأѰϸκβáԺ
΢΢ͷʵһʯ̨ͷʯ̨ͬѰʯ̨ͨɣӲޱȣֻ¾Ҳ˺󷨣ѰϸҲ޷κΡҲʲôֵ顣
ʵԲв󷨸סҡϿڵ
ʲôݣǿҵĹӣ˶֣ʵô̫쳵޷İȫԶʵ
쳵ɳۣ磬һ·֮ϣʱʱΪһ·ϵΣʵó۽磬Ȼֻ׽磬۷̶˿ԪһЩǳء
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ڴʱһŮԶ౦¥˳ϵϢȻޱȵ붼޷ΪѾǴﵽ˼ߵĲΣԽ쾳ĲΡ
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ֵܣﻷɡЦ
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ǣҺԲ˶౦¥ƣ౦¥ҲҺһݡ˵
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˿ҲףΪʲô֮ǰϸŮԳӭϣ˵ϲǵϰĶܲӭӣ
ϧʵܵǶ౦¥ȥȻĻвϸŮ顣ϸп
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Ϊһδ̤ϸ޷ڣרΪǼƵģʵҪѰˣûдﵽϸ޷ǰġЦ
Ȼôһ㡣
ҲǸпѣϸһ룬ôҲ޵ӴǼǿߣǵǿǷŭһѹֻ¾ֱѹߡεﶼǸصĺ󱲣Ϊԭ䣬ǿɾҪֳЦˡ
ǼߣҪôһҪôչһЩĴڶ౦¥ȴࡣϵ
ͷǼεߣѾվں۷Ĵڣ׷ǿĻԪǴ޽ͻ޷˻˷ԼԪ֮ء
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ǰһɢޣȻﵽǼ۷壬ҲδܣΪаʳҲóʳ󿪡
֣ʳ˾ȻְֵĸоǺεȵǣֵܵĸţֻ΢һǻָƽġ
Ƴһ۳룬̩ȻģвǸ˼֣ѰһпԼ֮Ĳᶨǵû˿ᶨӣǹϢӵʵҲѡ뵱һǰ౦¥ʱ򣬱ֿԶԶġ
ֵ֮ܵĹȻᶨҼţΪ֮ĲᶨҲ޷ȡöĳɾ͡ϸп
Ϊҵɣɥĸ֮ǰҲһƽ
ԣвһ˿֮ɫ׵һ𣬲ܶ߶ΪҳԱΪĶȡòĳɾ֮ͣĶʮֵļᶨƺҲˡ
֮·֮ĺ츳ȻҪǮȴҲͬҪܹ֮꣬ΪҶӪЩֻһ˼ʵҪôɽյزҪôʷ֮Сܹʵûһֻ֪΢Ц
ͷ⻰ҲʮֵͬУԲֻֻ֪ܳɹģκһҪȥһݺӵ⡣һ˳ǣ֮һλϸ߶ޱȵѣȻǺǵĵйأһΪҪԭǵĲޣܹõԴޡ
ҵĲԴʮλ쾳ѾǼޣٶ޷֤Щﵽ쾳㹻ĲԴˡ˼ܹϸܴһԭΪǵƣܹǮƣȡ㹻ԴֻҪ˼Ҳ𣬼ʱտ϶ٴεϸߣǲá


78 
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΢΢ͷߣҲϸߣȴֶƽ֮
㿴ǻӣ棬ҵĹӡĿ⿴һǣȻǿҲϸϵֻǧˣںȴǼƸȻȲһĴҲԲѰɱȣΪҪǣŶ̶İʱ䡣
İʱ䣿
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬İٵʱ䣬һ߶Իޱȣһԣգ֮ʱˡǳҵʷҲҵʮϰٱȴҵۣɳȴû֮Ĳࡣ
ʱ䣬˲áп
ǰǼǿߣˣڶ̶̼ʱ䣬һȴҲɾܰ쵽ġ
ǣǺཻõĶ󣬱Ǽ屾ûʲôǿߣȴλǼǿߣԿѰһˡ΢Ц
ǮƶģǼǿҲ⣬㹻ĲȻܹǼǿΪЧұûʲôǿߣЧǼǿҲصҶָʹϾĶͬʵһǼǿߣǶԲǽѣҶԣЧȴǲͬ
ҹӵ漸Ϊ˴ҲΪԲпҴȥЦ
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Ȼ֮ԴʶҹӣΪҹʶһҵĲֻҪ΢֧һ£·߲١
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ڳǲȻʶ˵ӣĿʱˢˢĿϵķ䡣
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ѿɫ벻֣ǣ
Ҷ磬Ҳӵܣ׺Ҹֵܣҵ֡Ͽڵ
΢΢ͷѹ֮ǰԷԳϵĶ硣
ȻҶ磬Ҹ׹ϵһֱãϾһοĹϵ˴֮ĦϣҲ鷳ʮ꣬ѾϸΪΪԣһĶ֡ϳ
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Ҹ׵Ǽв̫󣬶ҵϸ۷ය˺ܳһʱ䣬ΪңȻûʸҸ׾ϵ
ΪԽǿҪԽѣԺܶ߶ʱԼ֮ϸѾ࣬ǼҪһ󱲣Ѿֻʱ䳤̵⣬ҪԵСȻ׳Ҳǧȥһ׼Һ󱲣ΪȻԪм꣬⼸ʱ䣬δܹӵһԼá
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ͻȻڵӹ֮ͣһŮ˴ڵĸ̨ϡ
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һ벻һЩ౦¥ÿ춼᣿
ȻȻΪ౦¥ζЦ
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Ʒ֣֮һƷƿƷƷԽߣԽǿֵԽߣƷȻƷΣѾƷļޣϾƷˡԪļ۸Ҳǹ
ƷȻڳȤ򣬱Ͼڳ˶ǴӵܣȱεƷǻῼһ¡ֻҪƷһҲδƬһΣǸεϸΪ֮Ķˡ
ȻûҪҪˣһſͣȴһ˶ڳĬ֮ʣһڴ⿪ڵĲǱˣ
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ļҲ࣬Ȼһ߶ѵһıǶڳ˶ӿǲ᲻ЩҲѹ֣ڳĶѰıôǵȤ
ǵ߼һ幦ħŹȱֻǰ벿֣ˣŹҲǼΪ幦׼ʮԪ̨ϵŮڵ
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ŮĽܣüͷ΢΢һŹƺʲôطֻȻ֮£ȴ벻ʲôط
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ʮһԪ
ŮЦѣֱ֮ʣһͻȻڴ֮
̿ڵķ䣬֮ǰǴǸ䴫ġ


79 ս
ֵܣ㡭Ŀǰĳ룬һĴ㵡
ŹЩʶ˶֪֮ˣδ߿ۣ˵ʮԪڳ߶ԣֻһСĿҲô˷Ԫ֮ǰµȻ۸Ըߣ֮Ǯһ֮ɾͲˡ
һûϹĹ
˻ϲЩЦÿһĹô֣ԲǴ֮أʮһԪһʲСĲƸˡ
ԭûмֵĹͻȻ˳ۣҲƬ̣ڳȻЩԸ⻨Ǯ֮ܶ˶֪ϵķ䣬û˾ʹۡ
û뵽ĵܵѾȻŹȤҲո֣ʮԪڴʱһЦڴ𣬿֮
ڵϺͳɫ΢΢һ䣬ǰȻ֪⣬ȷʵ֪ƴûпɱԡ
ģôһ֪͸º͸Źһû˸ȤĹϳ׾پ¡вЩһȻЩ嶯ˣȻô벻ϹΪѡ
ֻһ뵽ŹбǼڸղţŹʲôطǰһǿߵĶ֮мλǿı幦ȥû˿𻵣ֻϧλǿ߲ûŹֻǶڵһƪʼ幦Źǰĳ룬ҲδѰһʱûջͷˡ
ֻû뵽ǣ幦Ȼ׽ܹõŹɹδаǾ޴ģŹǲȱҲˡ
˲֪Źǿ󣬵ۼǿߵ꣬࣬ǻԪǿ߶ȻλȴֻǼΪܴô꣬ǰǺεǿ
˹ôֻܷҲ뾺ۣɫЩѿ
ʮԪٴγ۵
ŹڱصãԲ׷
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ıۣڵ˶һ㶣˭Ҳû뵽Ȼٴαۣϸһŵ֮ҲȻˣ֮ŹѾǳ룬Ϻˡ
ֵܣǹ⵷ң㿴Цˡϵɫ࣬˵
޷Ԫһõĳֵģ̫ˣҾˡЦɲұֳ־ڱصӣʱ˵ϾͻɣȻϸӡ󲻴ǱϾŸոʶѡ
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߸ոձۣ̽۸ʮԪĲΡʮԪһ˳ѰѰ壬ҲôƸһõĹ۸ȻﵽΣȴЩˡ
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ôĵܣ㲻ûǮ˰ɣЦ
ߡȻҶҵҪжԪЦ
⻰ɫһϵĲƸɾЩˣЩм֧֣Լð˲ٵĲҵҲڴȴڡ۲Ȳϡ
˵ĶԻǰһٴα۵ʮһԪ
㡭ŭıڴȻֻļ۸߳һԪ
֣ͻȻеˣʮһԪļ۸õĹʵЩˡ̾һԸʮԪԸ
˻һڲ˶ǿûЦ⻰ֱǽڻ𿾣˵ǹûãؼõĹ֮ǰʮԪǶùҪʮԪ£һˡ
ȻҹӣǮƲ٣Σϸ˵ֻҵС޷յĺģȻûʲô룬ȫԴżλУٶֻ¾ҪԼԴп۳
Ȼ˻ɫһãþûٴαۣʮԪµȻһЩ룬һҲʮԪѡһõĹȻҪһԴֻΪһȴЩ㡣
г֮ȻĵܵϲŹҲھȥҵķЦ˵
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Ȼڵȴûие˿⣬ϾܹΪصӵܣǶ̫ۣϳԸСҲԤ֮е顣
⻰вһ֮˵һûʧΪϳԿԼӣɼжǺεȵĳӡ
Ȼ幦ȴһۣԭʮһԪµĹ˿ȴ㷭˽ļ۸񡣵׳ʮԪһת۾ֱһ롣
ֵܣʵڲ˼໨ôԪЩԪһԵԴǸ
޷Ԫһõóġҡͷ
ıȻȴûڿϵĶ߶Խıﾺ۲͡
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ˣУʲôıֻÿһεŻЩöϿڵϧһµᣬҪϴµʱ䡣
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νսڳɳ»ſͽɱǶ˫Ӯÿ౦¥ֵ£ãһӮϰԪ⡣Ц˵
΢΢ͷֶսԪҲУһЩŵӵֶΣȻ˹񫣬ɱ˫ȴͬݽһ㡣
ֵܣҲؽ¿̫ɱȻвٲ߲ԸͬкܶߣԸ̨ҪչԼʵܹĳŻߴӵܿأԲȼŲϻ
һ׹⻰٣ȻҲ̨̨дɱκһһֱ̨౦¥ͬݶֻͣҪܹһ˿УԷ㣬΢һ£֮·˳
뿴ֻһŻ۵˳һ׵ľʿ
֣λǿǵľʿɫ׵ľʿ벻ߵϡ
ϵ˵ͷ׾ľʿΪ鳤Уξ
׾ǺΪľӣÿһʿΪߣ鳤ΪУξʵǿϲпܵΣڽͳΣҪϸΪǸѾ׾ĸ߲ˡ
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ﶯģĳ룬Ϊ󽣵䱻̫׷ɱнΪǿ߲֪


80 ˵һ
㻹ǹԹɣ׾Ѱ߿ɱȡ
һСС鳤Ҳ䣬ơ
ͳ»ЦſŶԷ
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»ͺһصϢòεͷŶҲǲʾͺһӶųɱ»
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Ӱǿ̨֮˲ɱһţ⿴̨Ǿӹ̵ģѰϸҲƻϴ˿̨̿󷨱صսನƻ౦¥ʩ
뿴ǿ̨ϵսͷ»򵥣ɱ˷ḻȻΪһЩջʤĿ·
Ȼ׾ҺΪľӡЦ˵
˵ܹӺͷ޹أ׾ϸ˵ȴҵľӣϲɱĶ׾кøС
һɱԳ»ʤ׾þɱÿһս֮ʿɲѰ߿ɱȡʤ֮ɫԲ԰׵ĳ»һ˿Цݣ֮ǰʹӦֻҪӮһεĶսͻˣƼУξԭʵѾǴﵽУξʸκ׾ǺľӣҲãЩӵܣУξȱ٣»һСûʲô˭Ը֮£Ż淶μӶսнε棬Уξ飬ҲͰ˾Ųʮˡ
գã´ҿ㻹ҵʲôսܹӿߣЦ
һΣͻΣҵҪ´λɳʲôͬЦѡ
Ϊ׾ĸ߲㣬ȻȻҲ뵽ǵ˽˶ԹֻҪµĹ͹ҳ棬һܹΣ
ſ̨ǽʮսеıУҪĶϺݺݵĲһŶԷеĲǵΪܶѡ
ʮĶսϺͳҲ˼֣ӮȻߵʵһ۾ܿκУ˫ȫƴʽӮϡ
ܵĶԣ˵ûô䣬Ͼ϶ڳ˶Щ˽⣬Ҳڳ̫ࡣ
ڴʱһźɫ۵˿̨ͬʱڵ˳ڵңϳĺµһߡ
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̨Ŀ຺ӣϵɫ΢΢һ䡣
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ǵūǳף׵ĵūвһ˿֮ɫǰĵūͷ·һһ㣬ûкη壬µǿҲһս
⵶ūΪ츳ϣɾ;Բ̫͡п
ȷˣ콣ŵĽūѪŵĵūǷ綼ţرֻ˺ܾõĵūһǳΪʽӣһɳ죬һλūΪѪһ֪ѹ˶ٿͬšЦ˵
סãǵūҪˡڴʱͻȻ
Ҫˣ
Ļɫ΢΢һ䣬ūȻ츳ǿʩչȴԶ֮ͬϣϾͱԼΪߵӵܹУǵʵΪǵūȻֻصΪֻصҲκβգۼĹ򣬾ȻҪˣ
뵽̿˿̨ķ򣬴ÿǿ̨ϵΣɫ͵һ䡣
˵һһ㵵
ףףڵ֮ϣȻﵽ˵һĲΣȻֻǸո̤ΣصΪ˵һľ磬ʩչǵūûаᣬȫơǵūʶֻˡ
ܰɣ
ѹף׼ûµūɫʱѿд󵶽ӶһֲĻ𺣣ǵūֶȥ
䡫
һ죬ū屻ݺݵײǿ̨֮ϣ¼ûһõġ
ӣԲˡū˵¿̨˵
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ӣֶΣȻܹҵ翴ķЦ
ףһţʮ꣬Ѿﵽ˵һľ硣Ц
ףһ壿
ЩȵĿǺ꣬ףһںҲһ壬ڹϸ߶кüˣһ˳ǵʵҪǿ󡣶ףһѪϵҲǼΪ£ںҲһϵĲεˡ
ף׵Ϊǿڳвܹʤף׵ˣκζԷĵѾﵽ˵һĲΣҪҵʤף׵˻治ࡣڴڵû
ûм̨սˣɫʱ¶˵֮ɫף׿ʶһλţѪţ˴δ౦¥ҪԼʱѪҲܻøԴ
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82 
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ôףһŵĿŶ룬һУɵֵڶУȻڳг˿Ҫ֪صΪҲѰأĵѾǴﵽ˵һ
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콣λӣֱǬ齣ͻ佣ǬΪ󣬻佣ΣΣҲָֻ֮УǺ콣ŵȣȴ֪١
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λǿͬûħ֮壬ȴ֪δħ֮壬ɹɹʧϹ幦
λǰԴħ֮ΪŻϸħ֮壬λǰ쾳֮УһħԳޣ̺ħ֮ѪֻҪħ֮Ѫɳɾħ֮塣оâħԳܷħĹؼڡ
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뽫Ƥպãʼת
ļ֮У붼ڱԺ֮бչÿ춼ΣҲʮֵķæ뿪ٴ¶ҪԼĲҵʱϿæĲɿ
죬ոСԺ֮꽣ȴѾһԵȺˡ
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84 
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ЦŵͷϹӵݣȻǲܺͳȣи˵ļ۸ȻһᣬϴζսӮһٿԪԪ˵Ͼֻ¶ûϣҲǼµѡ벻ϵˣǿļ֧ţ㽫콣ţӵеԴҲܺϵȣܹʡһ㣬δôȻ١
Ŀ뿪Ǵ¥
ײ㣬¥ֻ࣬ϰ˶ѣҲǿǣǻһ˳ǣôߣɵĸһǳغüΡ
ڹ̨ҵ̼˳쾳ҩԼʦЩҩǶԣȻ¡
һأأеĵҩӦоС
ϵ߷ãֱһСΪۼһٿԪһöЧ۷á
浤ԪٶȣۼöһԪ
ΪۼöһԪ
¥Ķֵ͵һԪߵٿԪǧԪĵҩȴΪĵҩϵһֶɶ򵤣ֵҩԪҲУһְ߻ħ߻ָƵĵҩۼ۸ߴʮԪ˵ѰߣһЩҲδԸ⻨˴Ĵ۹һöɶ򵤣Ͼڴԣźʵ̫࣬˴Ĵδػ㡣
ʮö浤ֱӶǸ̨Ůߵ
õģԵȡŮ΢΢һЦ
ܿĽʮö浤ƿ֮УߵĲ󶼲̫ۺܹһʮö浤ߣɲ̫࣬ܶ˶Ǽööƿʱʹá
ҩȷһҪһЩҩһˡϻûȻ̽ˣǶŮߵ
õġŮߵͷ
ҲҪʮö浤ڴʱһͻأڳ
˻Ůһ㶣¶һ˿ϲɫ̶ʱʮԪĵҩһֱҵÿµĽһʲƵԪ
֪ļҹӣ벻ɻͷȥÿ֮ɫȴ͵һߣ˸νĹӣһˡ
룡
ͬϳ˳룬ɫ̳ɱӿ֪ǽֹֻ֣´˿̣ѾֱӶֶԸ롣

ϤӰ³֡
˲ǱˣҶӣԭҸ𣬼ӵ˴뻹ΪѾһ֮Уȴû뵽Ȼӹһ١ҿӣƺҵʱ򣬸ӵó裬ȻҲһھʮö浤ʮԪҸò
ѵԺһӰӣҵϸǿߣҲֻǰǣṩḻԴ
ܣҩ𣿡ڴʱһŻɫ˹֮ϣϡɼһͼ
ܣ
ѵӣĶӣ
ԣԺзٵ˼ǿѾ˴ֻʣһϸӣΪڼŶӹһ٣Աֵƣ˼пܾӣĶӣŵĵӡ
磬˾ҺĴˡų룬˵
ԣǻüͷ΢΢һ´һ룬ڵǳ룿
£ǣ꣬ʵ
ף˶٣أѹɱܡ
أ磬㲻ῴһԵԣɫ͵һ䣬ʵȻȵնɱʱǿˣʮߣ뼫ŵζʲô


85 
ʮߣȫܹʵ뼫ţȴֻǿӣԭż뼫ŶѣʱӣȫԴ̤쾳ԭΪﵽ쾳ͳĲСû뵽˵ĲȻԽԽˡ
ײ򵥡Ŀ׵ϣжһ˿֮ɫ
׵ʵϣԶĿǰܹģԷܹһۿʵͿɼһߡ
û뵽Ҳ뿪ǡЦſų롣
׷ʹӣΪʲôֱɱ˳룬ӣԴºǣҲᵽһλǿ߱롣κβãǿǣҲ֪
ɥ֮ȮܹǣΪʲôһЦ
ããŭҸҲɥ֮Ȯһ·أҪǱӻӣؼţ˿̵ҲЩɢһƴƴԴ
Ϊǿȴֻ֪ѿ֮һԵ׳
Ŷ΢΢һЦƽĿڵ֪кμ̣
̲ңֻ㣬ﲻǺǣΪе츳ͿĿˣҼŲ֪ж١׵
𣿡벻ÿɷĿ˿ףǲ֪λǲڴ֮У
㡫ԣŭߵȻΪ㣬ҼţܿͻᳬԽ㣬ʱ޵ʱ򡣡
˻һһԵҲ¶˵֮ɫȻӣİ֮£ֻǼһͨӵܣڵԴȴԶԶңֻҪһʱ䣬ĳɾһᳬ롣
ȻˣҾףǺˡ΢΢һЦڶԣȻҲкǰʮţ͵һ콣ȣȫû˿Ŀɱԡ
ߡһһԵŮߣһƿʲôҩ
浤Ůæ
ӳ˵ĶԻ֮УҲ˫ǳУǰ˻ǼŵĵӣЩŵĵӿûһǺġ
Ҫˡֱӵ
ӣƿҩҪˡŮԥһ£
Ȼ뻹ûˣȴѾ¾浤һƿҩȻǳġ
ţüͷ΢΢һ壬ɫЩÿ
𣿡һԵͻȻڵ
⵹ûСŮߵ
Ȼûˣⵤҩͻǵ̵ģҪˡ
ⲻ̫ðɣҪΪӷһƿŮЩΪѵ
־浤ֻ쾳ĵҩǵڵĴȻ٣ǽĵҩˣѱ벻
ʲôãȻûˣⶫͲģѵǻɣ׳Ц
⡭ŮһΪѡ
Ҳʵ㣬һ˳ǺǳҵĹӣʮԪųһõĳġ˳һۣЦ
˻Ůߵɫ΢΢һ䣬һ˳ǣʲôطԿǶԣģƶĴһ˳ǵĳȻݵλߣʵδرȵڿһͨҸе̡ʮԪȻЩߣʲôǶһ˳ǵĳԣȻҵҲۺһһóôԪһʲСĿһЩСĳǳأֻ¸ò
һһͼĻɫҲǱѿܲõóԪӦú޹ذɣ
ȷ޹أǲ֪ܲõóЦ
һԵҲһϷģų룬ȻǴ
Ȼ뿴ҾԸһЦ˵Ҫ佫Ԫȡ
ֵܣαغһʶڴʱһϤԳǸոոϵϡ
ռ곤ϵϻ̾ͿͻҿӶԷǴ㿴ЦΪҵĹӣԼԼҲҵ˿Цôܻס
֣Ȼ뿴ҾǿˡϣЦ˵
ߡʲôèҲ뿴û뿴ǿǵ⡣Ц
ΪҹӣԳΪ뱳׳츳ˣֵύߣûʲôøУΪҹӣͬԼϡ
Сӣ˵˭ǰèŭΪҶӣʲôʱرǼ뼫֮ߵﲻһ乫ӣھȻ˵ܲŭ
ܡ׵һɲŧڼУ츳ҲһεģȻǸܵһϢΪ֮ϣϲȣҲ׵
ʸǣ׿ڵ
˭ûҪ֪ϵ
ԣ׵ɫҲЩѿ츳ϸĸųϣСͱܺǻʱӹ
Ȼ²Ը˵ҲǿѣµѻûˣҪµҩƺҲûʲôɰɣϣ˵
ʲôˣ⻰׵Ĵ㣬µҩĻᣬúõһͳӡ
Ȼ붪Ҿͳȫ㡣һ˿Цһֱ̣Ӵͳһƣ˹̨ϡ
һΪĻóԪû뵽Ȼóһ鲻۵һĻһ㶣űǴЦ·𿴵ʲôЦһ㡣
󵨣
ס죡
ڴʱͬʱǿϢ˲ѹ⿪ڵķֱŮߣ׺ϡ
֪֪ҳƣдƣĿˣвҵŻݡŮɫƵĿ˵
ܡɫҲЩѿ
֪ŵʱ򣬾͸ö˵һЩǵȻҲڿҳȻϲҪ֪ҵĲҵ˼ҵĵЦ˼ҵĳⲻǹײ
ôҲû뵽ڣ鿴ô۵ƣȻҵĳʲôǿƿغĴڣ˵ǼŶǵĴڡ
ҡ
ɫ԰ףңǼŶס
ߡϿһĻһƹ˰ɣ
ȻһλӱõҩλʱˡŮæ
ҵҲ˲꣬ĴȴָϾֻ쾳ܹʵ̫١ϾһǼǿߣչһλ쾳ߣʵ̫ټˡ
ֵܣߣλ㡣

һ㶣ת˲׹λ¾ⳤˣϾϸո˵гҪƵпܵġ
ҳϣ
ܹ˴ģǼǿߣΪֹҲֻǼ׳ΪǼ߶ѣҳϣпܾڶμǼǿߡ
磡
Ŀȥĳϣ
뿪һԭ㿴Цû뵽ȴ˿ԼЦҳȻûϳ
ǡҶԣæ뿪˶¥
֪ܹóȱʮԪȥˣŮ߲ЦһͬʱҲҲѣʱ֣ĽǵҩֻҪݹˡ


86 
¥ڲһƫ¥ѾֻϸĵطƫϸҲûʸ룬ֻҵ߲ܽ롣
ЩҵǼɲ֮ǰ׳ܹҲҵĳϣҵĵλԲ͡
˺ܿƫƼǷһߣĿ䣬·ŶһеĿ⣬ֻԶԶһۣб·һɽѹôƵá
ǿ׳Ҫǿ뿴ŴˣҲ𶯲ѣ˵ʵԻ׳֮ϣȻ޷˾޴ѹ
ǿߣֻ趯ָ׵Ҫ˳
Ҳҵĳϣʵǿ¡а
ΪºͣǰߣȴͬһͷޣһŭǱͬͣ޷ס
ƽȴ𾪲ѣѹܹ꣬һλҵĳϣѾǿҵǿߣǺεȵ
ʢЦţųС˵ĺѵһţһʼһΪȻһȻͬ졣Ѱ쾳ǰܹ򶨻ǵһ
ǰˡæ
߲ÿɷЦЦ˵콣ţϷ콣ŵЩ飬ʱ˵˵ţôҲϷһƲС
ԣ벻һǰ߾Ȼʶ콣ŵƺ˴˵Ľ鲻ȻҲᵽҲû˿ľη
ǻᣬδǵģпնߣܹѣҲЦ
ǰܹʶֲĸ빧
ûϣҪ콣ֻҲôףΪҪǣһûκ߼ţԾ϶Сĳ룬ЩڲҲֵôгڲľͬҡ
С˵ϵЩϵ߿ڵ
ǰµʦЩ飬Сӵĳ
ߵͷҲʣϾǼΣϹܶ˶ԼȦӣܻţ׷·ϡ
ֺͳһᣬһ³ϼ˫ĵòˣų뿪

ϳĺһƫ˿һҵ壬Ӱ첻Ҫ֪СʱûٱѵѵüûѵһΡ
Щµӣ벻úЦҹӣ˵ǿǺΪȨƹӣû뵽ڳǰȻҲèһ
ҵǰͦദİ
Ϸ˷ۣЦҪţͲôˡ
ţһЩĿϡ
ǡ
ȿȡ
ϸҪڣƫ̴һȣŵ죬ǸЦЦ
ô𣿡һ
ԺˡϿЦһҲٶ˵ʲô
ͬѡҩٶҲǼ죬ܿҪԴһӳõŻݵļ۸ۣԭʮԪԴʮſˡ
ֵܣҪԴҲˣҴúù俤ǣԺţɾûôˡЦ˵
ԼŹ棬ռŵĵӣûжԷ뿪Ĺ涨֮ǰǲŵġ
ֵ֣ܡ
׼뿪ʱһϤ˵
˻ͷһȴû뵽˾Ȼǵˣ콣ŵ齣⾪
֣û뵽㡣ϼ⾪Ц⾪ݿɲͶ١
˵ҪǣԭԴ֮ȥǣû뵽ǡ⾪𿪿ڵ
ʲôҪ£΢΢һ׷ʵ
ºͳֵйء⾪һԵĳ룬Ц
йأ
һ㶣⾪ϸ˵Ǽһѣ˴֮ûʲô⾪˵йص飬Ī콣ŵ³ʲôⲻɣ
֣ǳֵܼ콣ŵɣͬ뵽һ㣬ɫЩÿ
ЩˣȻûƿظԵݰ˵ȥĻ޷֣ǵС콣ŵ⾪ͬʱµģʱҪ⾪˵³⣬ⲻǴ
ֵ֣ܣǻط˵ɡ⾪Цһ
ðɣ֣ոżֵܣ˵ʱֱƺȡϵ
⾪ɬĵ˵ͷϴ˻Ÿؿó룬϶ԷǼƢ⾪ɲǵ죬Ҳȷûã֪ϴ˻͸ŵ˼Ҳֻűˡ
˺ܿҵԱߵһ¥ѡһµķ䡣
֣ڿ˵ʲôºֵй˰ɣϳ
һԵĳԣҲæ⾪𣬶콣ţҲǼΪߵıǽܹ콣ţδķչ϶вСİ
ʵֵܼ콣ŵ³˵⡣⾪ӲͷƤ
֣Ī齣ͷȻ޷һżţֵܵ츳ҲǼģ콣Ŵ´ࡣɫĿ⾪
һԵĳ룬ɫҲЩѿĵ£Ƿˣ콣ŹȻ鷳ϣ
֣Ҳ֪ҵݡ⾪̾һ콣λӣڵѣǰ滹λǿӡ
ģȻֵܼ콣ŵ£˵鷳ȴ˵ֵ޷콣ţֻҪμӿ˶ѡ⾪ɫѿæ͵
μӿˣüԭ⾪ǿֱӲòμӿˣͼ콣ŵģȴҪμӿˣǺѰһ㣿
˻뷴һȻҪμӿҪ鷳٣ٲֱӱ콣žܾ֤ϣ콣ŵġ
ʵһθ𿼺˵ĳϲһˣҴⶣó콣ţҲǷ˲Űֵȡμӿ˵Ļᡣ⾪̾
콣ڲҲǷֳɲٵϵһθ𿼺˵ĳϣպò⾪һģҪƽʱǳȻһҲ˵һ콣ŵѣҲʲô˵顣Ȼһǳȴǰڳһ˶Ҫμӿ˵ӣ˵ɱ̫ƣ⾪ȻǽӣҲ̫ŵӵѡΣ򴫻ڣҲù
֮£ǴǸĳ֮ԲԸó콣ţȻ˵ָʹĽ֧֣ԷŲ᲻ϧ
˭Է۸ˣ⾪콣ŵĵӣǣ⾪Ҫѭ콣ŵĹҪֱӴôʵ
⾪ϣЦ
һ㶣Ȼû뵽ⱳ֮˾ȻһֱԸ
ԷҲҹӣ治ó콣ţ콣ŵˣôΪһѰӣӵ֧֣Ǹĳֲ⾪ˣȻҪ⾪ӡ
ֵܣʵڶԲ벻¹ףȻΪҵԭ򡣡һǸ
֮ôҪһ֮ǰڶ౦¥ӣڿǶֶԸ룬ûӣʹвó콣ţȴʲô¡


87 
ԭǳϵ˼ҽп˵ʸûУľ˭Ҳ޷⾪ݲͣϿó츳Լڱ֧֣ŸҶԿϣȻƴŵﳤϣɲһɵ顣⾪ǱƵòóμӿˡ
ǿԸμӡһƽ˵
žǲμ콣ŵĿܹ֮ͬͨǰڶ౦¥չֳĿɲȫʵԭǴ֮չʾŸ߲ע⡣ܹμӿˣڿչֳЧֻã
κһţڻδŵţԽԽӰǼźűֳ츳ϾҪӡ
ֵܣ²ô򵥣ֻǲμӿˣֻҪ֪һɣǰͣ¿лЩ鷳ϿԵ⾪𣬳˵
⾪һЦȷԳ츳˵һĶ֣μ콣ŵĿˣҪͨʮþȣֻǿֽţܲͨˡ
ѵпԱ˴ɱüͷһܵ뵽Ǵᣬ֣ϾǿɱɾͲǿǵĹܹܵġ
Ȼǣ콣ſѡţôɱ⾪ҡͷ
ЩŵĿ˵ȷԱ˴ɱжʤȻʧΪһѡӵĺð취һЩȴмôΪǵĵиõİ취ҪɱϾɱͻˣһλܵתƣǿɾŵʧˡ
ȻˣʲôµģЦ
ڵȱݾΪ̫ͣص߻УصߣͺܳˣҪɱķʽѡӣܲ
Ȼɱ֮Ǹ㰲ż츳ǿһͬμӿˣôı־Ͳôͻǳĵѣ˵ڿлøѹءϿЦ
콣ſ˵ķʽҲţȻѾγһױ׼ķʽĳȴȨѶȽһЩΪҪǣľʸǱͻãҪǱֲͻпܱˢ
һŵԼʵ㳤ϿԸѣҲܹͬ콣ţ
־⾪̾һ벻츳ǿҲԶһ߿ɱȣǵͣҲԶ룬һ콣ţõ콣ŵĳɾ;Բ͡
ȻֵܾҲȰʱҲȥһˣҵҪǲǸһ졣
֮ǰ治ôϾ콣ŵĳݿɲֻͣҵһӶѣ콣ŵĿôҲ˵ȥضó룬ֳ֧룬콣ĲڣԷҲ˵ʲô
һԵ⾪һĻҲǿЦѣԭֻһͨӼŵС£ڲ漰λӵ콣Žӵǣǰ˶û뵽ġ

⾪һâǶԸǵ

һתۣµʱȥʱ䣬ùĵҩҲǽΪ۷ĲΣֻһ̤صľ磬ʱ콣ŵĿȴҲʼˡ
ǣң
쳵֮ϣϾС
ʱˣ
϶żԦ쳵ߵ
һ̣쳵ɳۣſϷ콣ڿǵפأ콣ΪһǿţΪǿʢʱͺһƴ֮ɽڣаǴСƽյӣҲֻڿǵפؽжѡ
ʱ䣬֪ǲ콣ܾϢйһЩŵĸԵšƵֻϧЩûһǰʮţѰĴֻʹӦȴΪӬͷСԼСţҪô룬Ҫ룬Ҫǿõţ
ЩţĪ˵콣ȣͼҲǴ磬ǣüŵĸ߲֪ҵܱܲסҶ˵ҡͷ콣ţΪ콣űʮַҪ󣬻һΪҪԭǣ콣ܹ
ֶԸĸģпǼǿߣʵǼֻҲЩǼǿ߶ûеֵܵǼǿʵ̫Ҳ޷ӻֻ콣һ֮ضΪţпܱӻ
ʱ쳵ͣ
ˣ
̧ͷԶ콣פأһͬ쳵
˻ࡣǰȺ벻п
֮ǰҲϵ֮ͬһΣʱ콣פȴԵЩ壬Ͼǿ˵ӣƽյפҲûʲô·
ֵܣǳϿ϶㣬ǧ򲻿ɴ⡣֣ص
İɣ֡ͷ
쳵˲˵ע⣬ſ˵Ŀ֮жǳĽ֮ɫܹԦ쳵ߣݿ϶һ㡣
ܹ쳵λ϶ǿǴӵܡ
ɲǣ֮ǰҲżԦ쳵ǰǰ쳵ȣ߹һ㡣
ʲôֵĽ콣ſ˿ǽ汾µĵطûб£Ǹ޷콣ţڲһҲҲһ
ǣμſˣƴĿ츳
ĽȻҲٲЩμӿ˵ߣݶ̫ߣϾһЩݵλĹӣؼţǼͲţǼ룬ҲμѰĿˡ
ĵܣû뵽ô簡콣ŵʱһԴ̶Цڳ˵
˵ɫǳ

ˣϵɫޱȵѿΪֺμͨӵѡΣˣȻǴ㿴˵Цпڿʹӡ
ʲô
ĵܣ⻰ͲˣΪʲôЦ
ߡΪҲ֪ʲộɹЦ
ĵˣﲻ뿴ΰݾ֣콣ŶѡЦ
Ц


˻һȺ̴һмǰμ콣ſ˵꣬һţȻ˵ݾ֣ⲻǵǵ
ܵЩƵĿ⣬ϲŭҪȴסˡ
лӼԣݾֲҵȻЩգǽܹʤҪлӵշ΢΢Ц
Ҿ͵ſĺϢһȭڿϣʹĸоЦһ콣פضȥ
ֵܣҸһǹģҪߵĲϡϿȥЩ⿴ų롣
ҵȻ֪ͷεɾһΣҲܸıʲôˣúòμӿˣͨǲõĻ
ֵ˵ĶԡЩ˷磬侲˳ͻֻǸĳнڿˡͷ
ԽҼ콣ţҾҪ棬ͨˣƣһâš


88 ն
Ⱥȥ콣ſҪǰãҪľǵȿ˿ʼѡ
콣ǰ˳Ķ飬ǰμ콣ſ˵ߣ콣յӣҲƵģڸżƣԽС츳ԽǿζǱԽǰٰʮˣ콣ҲȲһʮߣΪǵͣǱþûļֵ
ǰһ͸ľֻҪַ߽Ǿ֮ϣ׼ȷԳһߵͺΪ
Ϊμ콣ſ˵ߣʵ̫࣬콣Ųһһ飬ּⷽҲ׼ȷġ
־ҲİԪҲǾѡŵһֶΣ־Ҳ˵Ǳ
׵ʱҲԼһţκǱĲ֮ʱѾǱֱˢ
շھ֮ϡǸ콣ŵӿ˳һۣ
ԣ̽շ˾֮ϣǾ֮ӿһɵɫ֪ﵽӽĵߵʱ򣬲ͣ
ڴʱҲоǾ֮ӿһɵ壬Ǿ̽Ƿ񳬹ʮꡣ
һеĲԣֻգ֮Ѿɣɫֳھ֮ϣʮ
ףʮ۷壿ǸЩȿ˳һۣĵͷʮܴ꣬ﵽصΪǺ˲ˡ
ʮ߲Ҳ࣬ϾʮߣҲˣʮʹﵽصߣޱȺؾǺҲѵóһϾͣǲƺΪ͸֧ǱȻһСҲʮѵõġ
ʮߣ
ʮˣء
콣ŵŻ࣬ղѾкüʮˣھȻһ
˵Ļʱûие֣Ϊڵǽ͵֮
콣ţʮߣֻ±ȵڶ౦¥һսף׵츳Ҳ󡣡ип
ף׵츳ʮֵ˵ãǰʮţҲ׵ļ룬ڼǰѾǴϴ֪ףѾѪš
뵹ûие̫⣬ȻѪϺ콣Щ࣬ȴСһǿڵһţһǿڵһţֵ߿϶ѡɡ
ȥɣ츳콣ŵϣСЦ˵
пܼŵţŻ˵䣬Ѱߣֻ᲻ߣмѡ
лǰ빪첽߽콣פء
콣յӵʮֵĿ̣Ϊ츳ͬصĻڽ츳Ͼѡĵӣڽ֮츳ǿ콣ҲҲдɾ͡
콣ŵĲԻڼͨıȻвģܶڵһصǱԣֱӱˢȥ
ҲŸʮһ¶ѡ
ҲǷõҩΪѣôҵͳʮ꣬Ҳ
˵һѡֱ뿪ˣżҲᴫһЩԴ콣ſɲֱ˽פء
ǲпᡣű콣ŵӼ뿪һ꣬̾һȷǷõҩΪõĵҩȴǽɵҩ͸֧Ϊֵۡҩһãδ˺Ǿ޴ģ˵콣ţһĶɶĵӡ
ȺһĹ㳡һյϥ£ʱţǰŮԽԽ࣬һ˳ǵߣҲԿӵܣһЩǿˣһЩŶĽ
ԴˣҲֻżѣκУӹĵǽĿˣǰ߲٣ܹ콣ŵģֻʮһ
ٽʱ򣬵һصǱǸһ䡣
㳡ȺӾ֮оѣֻһߴһȺ˹㳡мĸ̨
ȹϲڳλţһصǱԣѾɹͨ˴ͨһǱԵһǧʮˡҪܵľǼ콣ŵĵڶ顣ʢ˵̺Ԫ˲쳹㳡
֮ǰǰμ콣ŵĿ˵Ҳˣŵһأˢһϣֻ֪ǵһҲ򵥵Ŀѣ
ǻΪ콣ڱʱѾһЩѡǰμӿ˵ֻ¸࣬ˢֻһӿֲ֡
һǧˣǻߵ֮£һ޴ʯȡ
ǵĵڶ飬ǰʯһ﷽ԲҪľһ֮뿪ʯȣɹ߾ͨڶ顣
ͨʯȣô򵥣
ڶ飬Ⱥв˶¶˲֮ɫҲвɫޱȵȻ֪ǰʯζʲô
󷨣Զʯȣһâ
ʹ֪ڶһʯȣʯȱһ޴󷨣֮岻٣ȻвߵֻҪ壬ҲֻǴ廹ãһ̫࣬һʱͨ
ǧʮˣֳ飬ǰÿһǧˣʣµʮΪһ飬顣Ŀɨڳˣ˵
˻ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ֲõԤУȻǻߵķ飬̷ֵ֣һ飬ʮ֮С
ôͶˡ뿴ԶߣЦ
ǰĴûʲôΣգϴзΧƣԽ࣬ƽԽ٣һֱ˴ƣԼȫԱܿͨԽԽɡͺñˮװһĵµľ˺ս٣󷨵ѶȾͻɱһ˽ȥϸߣ˵ܹһʱȥ
ϣⲻƽǶһǧˣȴֻٶˡһȻ֪ǰʯȵԽԽԿǧ˵Ķֻܹͨٶˣֻûһͨǰʯȡ
òƽԷμӿˡ߿˵ߣ
ˣ
Ȼٶͨʯȶǲƽμٻϣ˳ǿɾûһϣ
ϣٶͨʯȣѶǲ̫һ㣿⾪üȻǷ˱ٶг룬ȻԳ츳ģڶռݲСԭ򣬳뱻ֵ˵һ飬ⲻóѡ
ѶȵȷЩˣǻȥһʱ䣬һ콣ͽұ֤ǧ˶ӡ߿ڵ
˻⾪һ˿ŭһΣͲ߸ĻʲôãοʣµٶˣڻߵĿѡ֮£вѾǽӽʮߣǵ´Σֱ˳ûκôܴӦ
ϣܶҶԸһԣһҲԡ
Ҳǣ
ң
Ȼǵһοˣʣµٶв߼
ѾһλᣬôٵһΣ
㿴ˣԸģҿǸǻᡣ߿Ǽˣһε
ߡ⾪һЩǸĿ˿ķ򣬻ȻͽƺãҲ˿


89 ѹ
Ϊ֧֣ܼ콣ţʯԶһ¥֮ϣűֳ߸СĲߣ¶˵֮ɫ
⾪֧֣Ȼûֱóʧȥ콣ŵĻᣬҲû˿׼ÿһ콣ŵڶ飬һЩˣ٣඼ǱֿɢС顣Գһ࣬Ȼ࣬ҲûйΪҪǣôΥκ콣ŵĹֻҪ𿼺˵ĳһ仰ɡ
ڵűֵС飬ɲصģ콣֮ǰ͵һжԴǰμӿ˵ţѾһµ˽⣬ֳС飬ųĴһЩôõĲߡ
ȫϹĵѣ˭Ҳ˵Ҳų޷콣ŵĹؼڡ
ģ
ϵɫѿ˼㣬콣ŵĿ˹ؿͶţҲ֪ڶѡȻųٶͨ󣬳ɹϣʵ̫Сˡ
ȻƫƫǸ𿼺˵ĳϣȴû˿Υ棬Ϊ뱧ƽҲҲ˿ɡ콣ŲҲص֧־ַϹĿˣǿгͷ˿ʵ
ֵһУǰҲûһǧСμӿˣܹͬͨţֵҲһСҰο
Ȼ˵ţȴԾǲ˵֮ɫȻǰгɹǶС飬ҲϣϡС飬δֹ
һС飬׼󣬼סֻһʱ䣬ͨʯȣʧܡǻ߿ǰǧС飬һƽ˵
ߴ˻һһǧ϶¶˼֮ɫܹʮʹﵽ쾳ߣߡ
ˡ
ǧСո̤ʯȣʯ̴һصĲգۼһǧ˵ĶǴʧǰֻһյʯȡ
󣡡
һ۾ϳǰ󷨵ɱУԻ˵ģǧ˵Сֻɣȴ޷͸󷨵Ļ
Ҫ͸ǰĻ󣬳ŸǿʵŲΪ㣬붼߱û̫רעʯȣǿʼĿϢ
һСӱһ飬ǰ滹СŲμӿˣʱţһת۰ʱȥʯȴޱȵİû˿Ķ
ûͨ
ǰʯȣһЩɫҲǱüΪѿʱ䣬ȻûһͨʯȵѶҲδ̫һЩ
ҳˣҳ
ڴʱʯȵһһϲʯڲдȥ˿ͨʯȡ
˳ɹˡҲ΢΢˫ۣʱѾȥʱ䣬ǧС֮УȻֻһ˳ɹͨʣµߣڹ涨ʱ֮ͨʯȣ
һжܿͨʯһʮżܹͬʱĻ
ʯһͷȺŲμӵڶţɫȴǱޱȵѿ
ΪЩ׾жϳЩߣҲǰٰʮ˶ѣǧ˵Ķ飬ʵ̫ˡ
ʱ䵽
ͻȻߵ˶һ̣һӣһûʯȣһ̣Ӱ˵ǰ
ͻȻʯ֮Ƴһ㶣һƺ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬ɫҲǱįڶ飬ʧˡ
ڶ飬һСͨΪһһʮˡ߻˵
һһʮˣǧ˵Ķ飬ͨ˵ľȻֻʮ֮һңѶȿɱ֮ǰǱԻҪѡ
ڶС׼
ߵ
ڶСͨ͵һС޼һٶˣȻеһСǰ̽·Ҳ޷ҵʯڵ˿
ĸСͨҲ󣬶ȶʮ֮һңϰͨٵֻа˾ʮ˶ѡ
ŵС鿼˽ڳǧֻ꣬ʣ³ʮ˻δԶѡ
СҪȫûˣʯڵţëǧ˵̺ʽǰоų޷ͨοٶˣֻǸսʯȣͶá
Щʧܵ꣬׼μӿ˵ĳһˣ̾һЩǧС޷ͨڶ飬οǳˡ
һС飬ʯȣǻ̤ʯȡ
ǰŸո̤ʯȣܵľһãվȻҲǺ쾳Ϊǵ߷ΧҲᳬʮɡ
ǿѹƣӦΧʮɡϸĸӦܣһ̣ɫҲǱ
ѹʯͨĸ֮Сһʯߵĸ֪ͱѹƣѰߣҪ﷽ԲʯҶԷ򶼲ףο߳ʯȣԲһɵ顣
壬ֻ»ӵ鷳
λֵܣҲǣһѰͨʯȵİ취Σڳ˼Ÿ߳ʯȵʱһͻأڳ
ͷһֻһźɫһȺʶ֮ǰֻʮ֮һͨʣߵٶˣҲǿʼϣͨ˵ķʽͨʯȡ
ǡ΢΢ü
ѾʮˣֻҪ֣ϳɢѰҳ·϶ܹҵʱҶܳȥ壬Ҳ໥շһ΢Цſڵ
໥շ벻֪ɷЦЦǴ֪ͨͬҵ·
ʱֱӴɡ꿪ڵ
谵ޱȣ߸֪ΧʮɣҲǱѹƵģȻ֮ǰ治ûʯ˿Ķ뵭
⡭
˻ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȷ֮ǰûʯ˿ĶҲ˵ʯڲ޷ȥʯڲΧѹƣôһɢʯ󺣣˿˻취ϰã˱˴˲Ͻһٶˣںɫߣֻмʮ˶ѣ޷ʹýķôҵȷ·ߣֻҲʱ߳ȥ
Ȼûʲôð취Ҿȸˡһʱƺû뵽ʲôİ취Ҳڵʱ䣬ϾǵʱֻһѣҪҵ߳ʯȵİ취С
٣СҲ̧̫ˣ㿴ǣôһ١գۼڰеĳ룬ԵһЦ
˵Щ֮ǰ뷨ȷЩãʮˣԲʯȸǱˮнҪҵͨʯȵİ취ʵ̫ˡҡҡͷһЦ
ڶ飬֮ǰԤϵĻҪѣѹ֮ǰô˵֮£Ҳֻʮ֮һǿͨһˣܹͨߣֻʮ֮һ
٣ôĻǿԲţٵĻȴʮֵš
ߣʵϲֻƴѡһǰˡ룬Щε˵
̫٣һһ̽ǵʱҲΨһİ취ǶҲǿʧܣûбĽһΣҪһµġ


90 ͨ
ٶ˷ɢⷽԲʯ֮Уۣѹƣһ·֮ϣȻûпߣȷЩԤϡ
һСĵǰţǧСܹ֮ô뿪Ҫǿ˺սȻսԳڵСȴʵãҪҵһõİ취
ַ֮ʽǿΪǿʽֻҪǿΪɣ򵥵ķȻʺҡԺзٵ˼ţѰ߲ͬ󷨵˽⣬ԽܶǼǿߣϾԪʱֻһɢޣҪõԵͱƴΣյĵطʲôһ㣬Ҳ֮һ
һʣˡüͷ΢΢һ
ν󣬾Ҫо󷨣֪󷨵ڣ󷨵֣Ȼܹǧɴ󷨡Ȼ֮ȴҪ󷨼Ϊ˽⣬ΪҪǣһ޴ȷҪʱ䣡
һԲ󷨣̫󣬵һνӴǰ󷨣Ҫڶ̶һʱ֮ҵ󷨵ڣγ󷨣Ҳûʮİա
Ҳûʮİգֻһо֮һӲˣϣܹ󷨵¡ܿ˾
ӲҲ֪ǰ󷨣Բμӿ˵߲ʲô˺ǽһ֪ܵ󷨣ӲǾΪ
߶㣬ηٵĳԶȥͬʱеĳһͬ̽ǰ·ϵ塣
ˡ
ǰȻһĲɫһ䣬μˣͬʱǰȻһɿµڳ뼰ʱ˿ܱⱻǿµϹȥ
գ˵ÿ죬Ȼ鷳ˡЩµ
һ̫٣֮УֻԮ˶ûУһЩܹվãר˵壬ֻһʱ䶼޷ȥ
ȥǰ취һ·֮ϣ壬Ȼұܿȴûҵ߳ʯȵ·Ƭ̺󣬳ɫʱ䣬ٵ壬ȻЩ嶼ܿڳȥ·ȴû˿ͷˣͷ·ԭشתһ㡣
ȵȡԭشתͻȻǰһԺһⱻץס
翴һʯȣȻȴб߼ʣڲȴ·һ޴ԲȦܸûб߼ʣҲ˵ʯʧˡ
ʯʵڵģҲ˵ȴ޷ʯȵĺۼΨһĿܣʯȱ󷨵һ֣Ϊһ壬ֻˣǲ޷ʯȵĺۼ
жϳʯȱ󷨵һ֣һп϶ʯȵĻ
ѹҪѹߵߣΪӿ˵ѶȣͬҲǱ߷ʯȵ˿϶һ˿ЦݣȻ֪ʯ󷨵һ֣֪ôӺδ֣Ƴǰˡ
뵽㣬ٵʧ֮С

ʱٵʧһתۣѾʱȥʯ֮Уȴû˿Ķٶ˻ûһ˳ɹ̤󷨡
Ѿһʱ䣬⾪϶һ˿֮ɫΪ콣ŵĵӣڶѶȣʮֵٶ˳ͨǰʯȣѶʵ̫
С鲻ͨˡһӿʯȣڵ
ǿδأҼǵ鹫Ƽţܹ鹫ӿصˣӦͨǻһȻ˵
˻⾪ɫʱΪȡμӿ˵ĻᣬǰϵˣԷɵ齣ӵݣȴһҲں
˵Ĳû˭Ҳ˵һû˳ɹǰйġ⾪
˻ΪȻЦЦǾĿԴɣϣ鹫ӿصˣʧ
ߡ
⾪һĿʯȵķ
Щϵ⾪ϣ콣ŵȴǲҲ죬ǰˣһǳϣһǽ֮һκһܹġ
ѾôãֵᡭһǵʯȷǳΪԭ޷콣ţԳԿһ޴ʧȻڻţڽ֮ϣȴûκһܹ콣ȡ
Ҫǳûͨ飬Ҿȥ壬ҲҪٸֵȡһλᡣҧҧȻؿó룬ҪĿȴ
ĵܣˣٸʱ䣬Ҳ߳ʯȡڴʱһͻأЦȴǲ֪ʲôʱѾ
Ҫ⣬ڱˣֶΣԳ츳ôͨ콣ŵĿˡŭ
ҵȷڱʹֶΣҪ־͹ֳȻߵһ𣬾ȻҴӮһԪ˵콣ŵĿˣʵ㹻Ҿ㱳ʹֶΣֻܹͬͨʵмĳЦ
㡭
ϴŭЦҲͻʹһЩֶΣ¸㣬ǿس룬޷콣ţҲ˵棬Ҳ֪콣Ĺϵ棬ҾͲų콣š
⻰ɫ΢΢һ䣬أ֣ںܶ߶ԻʮİڿЩԣȷʵ׹صڼֻΪΪǿԸ첻µز£ԶΪĸԡҲҵֱ⡣
ǺãҾ͵棡Ц
Ը죬ó룬ҲδػΪ棬˵Ȼʹֶֹ콣ţڶţһҹӵݣȫֹճ뻹ܹŵġôΪĲó˼ŵ·Ϊ˳һˡ
ţ
ͻȻϵɫһ䣬૵߳ʯˣ
ʯȵƿأֻҪ߳ʯȣܷ֣ڲҲ֮ǰĲ̽ڲûҵȷ·ô߳󷨣
˭
ϵĿ̿ʯȵһߡ
ϿʯһߵʱһԵ⾪˲һ㶣һ̣ƺ뵽ʲôЩŵĿʯȵһߡҪ֪ڲŹȥ㣬֮ǰ飬Ҳûܹô߳󷨡

ϵĿɨʯ⣬̷˸ո߳󷨵ĳ룬ǵãղų߹ķ򣬸ȷ·߲Ŷԡ
ôܣ
һŵĿų룬ͨʯȣһһδķʽԷôģ
룿
⾪ҲǲŵĿһĻ˵ʵڳܹ߳󷨣̫ϣ󷨵Ѷȣ˶ϣһЩ̫٣ûִ˵ߣûһͨҲֻôҲû뵽벻ɹˣʱ̶ԣõʱ䣬Ȼż̵һ
ˣ뿴Ϥܣû󷨵ѹƣͷľʯҲ·
㵽ô߳ģ
ڴʱһͻأڳĶһ̣һǿѹѹ
ţһӰǰǸ𿼺˵һˡ
ϣʲô˼ϾȻԳ붯֣⾪ɫһȵ
ʲô˼һЦһף


91 е
ף
⾪ɫһ䣬׿ɲС£һ֤ʵҪܵǣ
ˣ⾪ų룬Ժһͷһ̣ףܳûף¶ܳοи벻ס
ϣտڰ׻˭˵˵룬֤ݣ⾪Ц
֤ݣ
üͷ΢壬Ȼ֮ǰ̽ڵĳ룬һֱ̽Ķ򣬱Ͼвһ쾳߶ѣֵ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҫó֤ݣò
֤ݣҾ֤ݣ֮ǰҲ̽ʱüӣǳȷ·ǰġ
˻벻ŭЦϣƾһ仰ѵ˵ײɣ
Ϸݣѵ۸ɡϴŭϸǿߣʱһ쾳Сɹ
ϵȻ۸СҪ־͹̫Ȼֵٵһ飬ò߳ʯȣȴҪ˻ɡ뵭˵
˻һ⾪ʱϣΪʲôᱻٵһ飬Щ֪ڳ߳ʯȣȴбϻɣ治뵽ǹⲻóͨ
㡭ϵɫʱüΪѿ˭ղŹⰲųٵһ飬Ȼ˻ֻΪã⾪˿϶֪ţ˵ףȴò֤ݣȻǳ˹ԩ
ʦǰ϶ʵʵ֤ݰɣ뿴ϣһƽʵ
һԸ𿼺콣ŵҲǿϣϾӿŵĴ£ԲΪһ仰ͷһͨ˵ţŹؿɲܹΥģ˽СУҪò֤ݾͷڶĳɼ϶޷ڵġ
Сӡϵɫѿ˼㣬Կ϶ʲôİ취߳ʯȣڵȴòκε֤
СӣȻҲ֪ʲô߳ʯȣϷԿ϶õķ϶⣬Ȱ㻹ǽʵ˵ϷԲȺȺ֮콣šϿ۳룬Ц˵
ϣ
⾪ɫ̳û˿֤ݣȻץ²ţҲЩŭ֮ǰϹⰲųٵһ飬ѾҪڼӵҲͳ׵ɨˡ
鹫ӣ漰ſ˴£ϷǸο˵ĳϣȨֶΡϺʾ콣ŵĳϣȻֻһϸĳϣȨ󣬵ҲԲݳƣǾʹóͨμӿ˵ţǾϺȨԣԲ顣
㡭⾪ŭĿӣϴ˻Ǻ׵˺ƤãҵҪҵʲô֤ݣû֤ݣҶҪϸִãóϾȻΪһμӿ˵š
ɫ΢䣬زҲ׹һҲ׵֤ݣùľϾſˣǴڶⱨΪŵžһ޴ĴԺ˭μ콣ŵĿˣΪ콣ŵϵ³Ҳ֪
룬Ȱ㻹ʵΪãȻִã󳹲¡һǿӲ
˿Ҳ׹ѾǴʼϰ漰棬ԷԲܷŹ
ϣȷҪ˵ЩЦĿϣףȻûУֻҵ򵥵ķѣһ˵ǰʯȾͷˡԺμӿ˵ȫ«ưķٵͨ顣
ϻ˵ԭɾͲܼܲ콣ô򵥣ڿףҿĸŻҪ㡣Ц
ԣɫ̳ϴ˻ҪϾ
ȻϾңǾͱҲˡЦ֮ǰһֱҲΪ⣬Ͼ˫ͬȻվϺ⾪ߣעͻ˵Ķͷ
Ȼô뵽֪ԭ˵Ҳ޷΢΢һЦֻ˵²ܳܵġ
Ҫٲ˵顣ЦԽǳɣԳԽǻɣ֪ܿʲôķʽͨʯȡ
ʵͨʯȵķʽܼ򵥣û´ʯȱʹΪһ壬Ҫ뿪ʯȣֻҪ֪ʯȵڼɣʯǰоͨ󡣶ʯڣǴ֮󣬷ΧĵطΣգʵǲ˿ˡ΢Ц˵
˼򵥣
Ļڳ˶ɵˣرЩ֮ǰͨţǶܵǾ޴ΪΧ̫󣬼ٶȲ죬֪ΣյǺܿȥ˭Ҳûǲ·ߡ
ܣô·ߣΪ𿼺˵ĳϣδһŵĿų롣
Ϊ˳ϣԴʮֵ˽⣬ŵļأ˵ԴȫƿأҲ߳ɣҲ֪֮оȻһ·ߡ
ûûС뿴һϣ֪˵Ǽ٣ֻҪ˽֤һ¼ɡ
㡭ɫһ䡣
ϣȻˣ²˳٣˽ɡһ⾪𵭵
ѵģһŵĳ룬ϲЩԥ˵취ģ鷳ɾʹˣһϢڶ飬ֱͬ裬κһߣֻ¶׵ͨ顣
һԭΪѡӶõĴΪԭʧȥãҲܡ
ϣղŲ˵ҪǷΪλ˽֤˵٣⾪ˣΪ齣֮ϣκζԷǸյӵĿ˳ϣ⿼˵֮ϣǰãʱ˻ᣬôŹ
⡭
϶ͷ亹ֱð˿̵ҲǼΪĵ֤ʵ˵ɲҪ⾪ϵŭ𣬱Ҳ
ԥʱͨ˵ڶţʱҲǱüΪڴǳ˵ʵǲţҪ콣ŵĻǴࡣһ̣ﶼȲȥ֤
ϻȥ֤Ҳ֪ҵѣǲ׵Сˡڴ˿̣һ
ֻԶϺ˲˹ͺ֮ǰڸ¥ϵβͬ˿̵ɫѿ˼㣬ȴһ˿š
ԭǲģֻû뵽ڳͨڶ֮ǿ˳ϾȻ˵ףһ£סˣôص£һʵأԷҲǸΪ档˵һʵһŵϣͳ׾ˡ
ɫһãεã˽ȥ
ȵȣҲһ˽ȥϲܾɣͻȻ
ԡ΢΢ͷѾײΪϳ룬ҪϾ롣
ֻԼ֪֮ϳ룬Ļɳףֻ̫ɣպ֮ǰԸǸѡ
쾳ʧ˵֮У˶ǵȴ˵ǲģΪĵ⡣
һɺϣһǡﻹһ˿ϣ֮ǰҵ·ֻɺϣôϣһ֤ʵͳ׵ˡ


92 Ŀ
һ뷨Ļô£Ϊľǲó콣ţóɹԵʮֵܡǼ߲֪ҹӱһͨߣûܳɹۿ϶ۿۡ
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ֵţӦòм٣ҵĵǶˡһŵĳ룬в
ʱһһţ˶ԣ̶̼ʮʱ䣬˶ԣȴ·ޱȵ
ˡ
˽ȴŵʱʯȷһĲһ̣һӰ˳˲Ǳˣ֮ǰɳλߡ
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߳ߣ˵ɫһ䣬߽ʼ߳ǰ󲻵һյʱ䣬ķ֮һ㶼֪߳ĳ룬֮ǰҲ˰㣬߸Ǻķ˴ʱ䣬߸ûڹ涨ʱ߳
ǰճ˵ķ߳ģ⾪æʵ
鹫ӣСǰճ˵ġæ
ܣôַԲһţŭ
ķһ֤ʵǵŵƲãȻϵĻû˵꣬ǴٴδһĲɽȥҲ˳ϽĻֱ̻˶ӡ
пƭ콣ŵĵӲΪһ˵һϣսû̫ȡܹ֮߳ĶǿŹ˵ʵĶҪô̵ʱ߳ȴǸܣΨһĽ;һָΪ򵥵ķʽ
ϣڻкλ˵⾪ϣЦ
˵ǲǰճ˵ķ߳ģ̶콣ŵӵʱȻѾʲôϣȴ콣ŵĵ˵һĻ
ֻǿϧ콣ſͶĿ⣬̵ͷƳϺͽ֮һѰĵӿҵģֻ˵ʵġ
ǵͷĵӣϵɫ̲԰ˣһжˣѾܹ뵽ʧȥ󷨿ߣܵʲôĳͷ
ϧΪʲôһп鲻֪ôʧܡ
ǰϧˣͲôһ
Ҳ֪콣Ż᲻ıڶ飬Σȼ˵´λá
Щʧܵߣһİգ˵һܿǳһ飬ôǺܿȫͨȻĿδܹɹҲͨ顣ֻϧһܿ飬֪Ҳûá
ϣҲ˰ɣ뿴ϣһƽ˵
㡭
ϴŭ˿ҲЩڣ֮ǰôһҪ˵ͨķڳԿĲǳ룬Լ
磬˵˭Ҳ֪ĽʲôһЦݵĿԵ˵
ߡơһת뿪˹㳡
ڶ飬׶ֽŵĵطԳ츳ܹͨڶ飬ôһҲ󣬿˵˿̵ĳ콣ѾʮþȣȻ¿ųͨ콣ŵĿˡ
ֻС֮£վѳɴȥһЦ
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ϣĿˣҿ㲻̫ʺϼμӡ⾪ϣ˵
⾪ʲô˼ɫ䣬俴⾪
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ʯȵѾ˵˳ǰǧ˶һϢֻ²һ죬ǵ߶֪ʯȻǲڵʹá
㡭ŭȴ޷粵˭ִó˵߳İأܵġ
ߡ澡ʧҪִõѣҲû˼ȥֱӷȥ
뿪ֿ˵Ȼ⾪ϣϾ齣ӵݣֿ˻Ǵ´ġȻ뿪ڶΪһ㻹һЩʱ䣬˶ף˳̥ܹҵֲһյ蹦߳ķҪͨʯȣѶ̫ˡ
˻ڼʱţһ߳ʯȣһ飬ʮ˲μӿˣֻгһ˳ɹ߳ʯȶѡ
ѣҶ֪һֻҵ³ҲһЩʧ꣬ҲҲѡ
Щʧܵ߱ͳפأͨڶߣҪ׼һ顣
ȹϲһʮˣɹͨڶ飬ǵ飬Ҳһ飬ֻҪͨԺʦֵˡ⾪ĿɨڳˣЦ˵
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һҪɹϣҵڣҪҼ콣ţĲͲҶԸǡ
콣ţһҪ룬ҵżҹӣżǿǴңֻ콣Ųܱӻҡ
ڳˣԲ䣬ңɢޣ˿ֻһͷǾͨ飬콣š
һ𣿡һâôĲۣǾ콣ֻʣһ֮ң
˸㳡ֻǹ㳡Ĳ֪ʲôʱһ޴ʯڡ
ʯϿ̻һŽаʱʱѧϰ⾪Ŀɨˣʱ֮ڲʹ֮£ҪŽڽʯ֮ϵĽۣɹ½ͨ顣
˻ڳٵɫһ䡣
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һǲߵ츳ǱڶǲߵӦ䣬飬Եڽϵ츳Ͼ콣˵ҲǽţѡӣȻԽΪһҪĺ׼
˵Ѳѣ˵ײףڳѾﵽ˽һ߶ԣʱʱԶԶ㹻
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⾪ʯϺĻҿ¶һ콣
ʯϵĽ˶ȲĿʼǵʱֻаʱѣһ޷ͨǽ콣ʧ֮ۡ
㳡ֱ˱˴˵ľ룬һʱٶ˶ǿʼʯϵĽȴûжֻĿʯϵĽ·ܵһжһʧһ㣬ֻʣʯϵĽ
ֵڸʲôԶϼЩ
˵ԳĽŽֵŶԣ˿̳Ȼû˿ȥٸߵĽ磬ҲܽһŽþͨ


93 Ļ
е߶ץʱҪڽʯ֮½ۣٽҪﵽŲΣμ콣ſ˵ߣǶԼ츳֮ٶȻ
ʯڣʯϵĽз·˹һ㣬һһʽʽ
ŽǷǻ𣬸û봴ߵĵȻǿ߹Ϊ֮Ͼǿ˵ӵֶΣǼĵͬߣռݲСơ
ǽ֮£·侳ÿһжĿ̻Ժ֮С
Ҳ֪˶ãл˹Ľǻɢȥ׵ʧȡ֮Ǳʯڡ
似ǰ򵥰һ˿֮ɫѰΣΪǳֻþˡ֮ǰǼ۷ĴڣⲢǻþǴ似ǰԸǿΪµĻӰΨЩ츳׿֮
ﬡ
һһ̣붯
һĽʩչû˿谭·һжȻ˽һĽ磬ˮ
ǡ⾪ڳոʱ򣬾ͷˣеĽɫ͵һ䡣
Сɣôܣ
⾪һŵ˵һҵʱ䣬Ȼʯ֮ϵĽСɣ⻹ΪµġΪµǣǵһʩչŽò֮ǰֻڹ۲ѣһʩչѾﵽСɵĵزҲδ̫ˣ
⾪֪벻֪ʯϵĽɳǲˣ֪ʯϵĽڽ⿪Ļ֮ǰǸĳ϶޷ִ֪õĳµĽƣһƻ̻ᱻ֪
⾪ѾΪóˣ˿Ƿ֣С˳룬̶һܽһŽСɣʲô츳֪ͨһ飬ֻҪﵽżɡ
̫ˣ츳һɳԻΪţʱҿɾ͵һ⾪ɫҲǶһ˿ϲɫ
Ľţ콣֮ҲǲֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬һɳ⾪İҲǲС
ֵܹȻûʧô̵ʱ䣬ȻѾСɣҵΪʱҲô̵ʱһп
Ҳֵ֪ܵʦ𵽵ǺˣȻ̵ܹĵЩƵ뵽
һѴԴģҲ˵ͬͺΪ֮£ȳĸãΪҹӣϵļʶԲһɱȣһʱ뵽̵λʦǼ򵥵
Ȼʱ仹û⾪Ѿ֪Ѿͨˡ
ʱţʱܿǹȥҲ֮ĻеĿһŶӣʩչԡ

Ӱ΢ڽʯ֮϶ʱһ
νʯֽԽʯרڽϵˮƽģ似ΪţСɣɣԲ磬似ŶûﵽǲĲΡ
һʧܣǸ齣۵ϸĿ˿ԽʯϵĽۣ˵
ʧܣ
һˣʧܣ
һ߽ԣͨȴ֮٣˵ˮƽͣϣٸһЩʱ䣬ȫԴﵽĲΣֻϧһֻаʱʱ䡣
ͨҲǽѣĴϵķëǣһֶֻһת۵ʱ䣬ڳٶ˲ԹѾֻͨв˶ѡ
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ģһâĿ̿Խʯķ֮һŻ뿪Խʯ֮ǰԵǴˡ
˽һ콣ŹȻȻǰˡипѡ
֮ǰĲԳһֱעҲжϳҪԽʯ³ҪĽ磬ҲҪۻʹɣĴ磬ѾǴ˽һľ磬ϣ϶̤˽һţô̵ʱ䣬һ׽ز
ģͨ
ţǸ콣ŵЩŵĿڵ
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˽һߣҲǾȲѣԭԼﵽ˽һһεĿ֮ӦΪĲˣû뵽ȻҲ˽һĲΡ
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ڣֵ˳롣
ԽʯǰһԲõĳһһĽӰ˲Խʯϡ
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ģǸ콣ŵӣŵĿų룬³һ
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㲻뿴ǰĽۣ૵
Լܹ³ĽۣԤϣϾȻҲ˽һľ磬˽һĸԶߣϽﵽСɲΣҲԤ֮С
ֻһǸ콣ŵӣ˻ǲݺһ飬Ľֻǻ㲻Ҫ֪μ콣ſ˵ʱ½ֻѣһε֮ͨмǵ׵ģŻᱻµӡ
˲ǸղźִǸ֮ǰƺ齣Щϵû뵽츳Ȼ֮ǿǻɫҲǱ
ڽϵ츳ǿ£ѹܹõӵĿءԵõ˱֮ǰһ۵ꡣ
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˶ԳԭһЩӡֻû뵽˵츳Ȼ֮ǿѹ֮ǰҶײϣ츳콣ţȻصĶϸûʵȨĳϣȷǲҪ̫¡
Ҿֵ֪ܿ϶һˣμӿˣҲܹͨϾϲɫ
ܹ콣ţпԿ˵һݣ콣ţΪѣҲеˡ
⾪ԳıԽԽ⣬и¶ҪͳùϵŸΪ·
ĽۣˣԶͣƬ̡
ܿڼϰٴεһλ˽һţµĽ۴ﵽߣȻڽ츳֮϶ǼǿҪг̥һο˵ĵһ
һλ߲ϣĻ˲μӵĿˣͨߣֻٶ˶ѣһ콣ſ˵Ѷȿ֪
ϲٶʮ˳ɹͨ콣ŵĿˣʽΪ콣ŵĵӣ֮ڴ˼ϣǰ콣ţǻʲô£֮ڽ֮󲻵Ϊֱӷ𣿡⾪Ŀɨˣ˵
ǣ
˶ǵ˵ͷ


94 ʹ
콣ſڣ⾪ͳ뿪
뻹ǲǰֻ̤ƾţʱȻܹ˽Сɣ³Ľۣ֮Ҳǲضá⾪һϲɫ֮ǰûнĽǿߴڣѾ˳ɾͣһ콣ţȻͻͽ
ȷһǵõҲҽеһ쿼ˣֻһ³Ľ۶ѣͳȫûпɱԡ
뽫ע˵Ҫ˶ãǼҲýһʦ֡
ЩţʵǿƺͣϾֻҪ̤쾳ԪѾﵽ٣̤ϸԪǶ٣Գ
һԵ콣ŵҲ̾ѣ콣ŵŲ٣ȴܹӴģܹţǶҲһֵý¡
츳Ǳ֮ߣпܳΪһĽӣп̤Ǽ⾪૵
ӣ콣֮ͬ츳ǿˣǶвСĿ̤Ǽδϣ

ֵܣ˴һˣϢܿͻᴫ콣ţ콣֮󣬱Ȼõڵص˵ɾͻ֮ϡϿԵĳ룬п
ϵ츳Ŷȣе࣬ҵĵ̣ĳɾҲ
Ըɡ΢΢һЦж콣Ҳڴ
ˣֵܣԭмǴ콣źԼ˽ģû뵽һһٶÿ˵һҲǰߣЩ׼֣ص
£ɫ֣أæʵܹ¶£Բ򵥡
Ѿ֪콣λӣǬλ磬ʦһ콣ڶһʵҲλǿġ齣һֱͣΪʵ⾪֮ϣ⾪һֱƣһҵĽӣӦþǵһλ佣ʵĴ󽣹֮УۣһΣһҪСĴˣ˺ǲ򵥡ϳ
˵ĵطᣬĴ󽣹ӣǵλȻǬ֮⣬ʣµλӱ˴֮䶼Ǿϵֻóû뵽ǣעľȻڶĵĻ佣
佣ʲô𣿡æ׷ʵ
˱ƽƽΪƽƽҲžô˲򵥣һ£콣ͬǿˣǻ佣ǵƽλãϳ
콣Żۣ˵һο˶õһֿˣÿΣĴ󽣹ӣȴһǿˣǾ콣ŵӣˣܹӱΪǿ֮һôƽ֮
ֻ΢һ룬ͬϵĿ佣пڲ׾ַâ¶ţӿ¡
Ȼֻ̤ϸ꣬佣λһֱܹһЩʵǿţУ⾪Ϊ಻Сһ⾪齣ţñߡ̾
϶Ի佣֮ߣҲóж佣һ˿ȤȻû˵е˼ȴʮֵԣ⾪ֻ»Ȳǻ佣Ȼ϶ǻ佣ۼߣ֮ȴ͸һ˿ϲȻΪ˵ĳǸ̫
ο֮λӶὫ㿴⾪ˣңҲֻˡ˵ЩǸĿ۳롣
Ǭݻ֮ϣֻǷ֮ϵãȻԸǻ佣ȻǸȴϲΪˣֻʣĴ󽣹е齣Щ飬Ž⾪ֻǳһ⾪Ϲϵ콣ܻ֮ǣ֮ҲΪʲô϶Գ˵Щ¡
ԭЩ£Ǵó콣֮Լķ֣һοб̫ã϶˵ע⣬콣źδ㹻ʱ˽⡣
ס΢΢ͷЦʵֵΪ˲ͬһսӦò
ʵҲǿ⾪Ϊһ㣬꣬񣬸ȱǿߣȴҪЩĽύѡЦ˵
ȱǿߣ
ҵĵ
ип֪ʲôʱ򣬳Ҳ˵һ

ž
һӰڵʱķѿһȴһֻµİ豭
һôܶÿ˵һɫޱȵѿŵ
ӣǵ˴ϢȷõһԽʯµĽȣҲԶߡС
Ƿŭҹ
ԣҲҴæ뿪˷䡣
úáϺҲͰˣҲҺԣʲôŭţҹӣʱܹ裬㲻ɣȫ˳룬Ͼ⾪֮£콣ţҲԶÿ˵һвĴ
Ϊ콣žͿԸ𣿡һЦ
룬һ֪ˣԲʲô³콣ţһԶԸ㣡һ˿âһ

ʱ䣬֮ܳУϵ֮£ֹһЩԴϾصĳ򵽵Դ콣ڲҪˣĻȻŹͨ콣ſ˵ϢҲǵһʱ䰲֪ͨ˺ǳҡ
ҡ
뿪֮׳Ǳɳʹǰǣ˫ϵõͣҸ߲ҲٵλǿߵвҲǻָյƽ
ಡ
ֵϣһͷԷɳ۶ͣڳſڡ
źˣ
ͻȻֵߣڼһæڵ
ʹãг빫ӵϢͨ˿ڵ
ʹߣ
ڼǺߣ֪ʹߴʲôǻ֪ǳҵһţκ飬Ƕ˿ĵ顣
һڼæתصұ档
ʹߣڼĻ㱨Хüͷһ壬ںɲΪıƿغҡ
ֻһ뵽ңХҡҡͷ˵츳ȷҲһ˳ǶԣͿǵȣһЩ࣬ӱ˵ƿؿǵˡ
ʵΣХ쿪ڵ
޷жϣϵΪǺڼæ
ȻǲߣΪڼ߲٣жһ¶ԷʵܹģֻжȻ׼ȷ
أ
ХüͷһȻ޷ȷԷǲǸңɳص߱ţڳ֮ϡ
ХҲԥ첽˴ŷ
ǿҶ޷Ϊصߣп۷ΪոſڣХ̷˵ʵ֮ϣڳҵһǿ߳Ľơ
δʸǣХСһŵߣѾǿȳǿߣԷԲǳܹġ
Ϲ£ҼҹǺѣ˴ιǰš˿ڵ
ҹǡ
вѾд𣿡Цŵ
˻
˻Х첻һ⻰֤ʵ˶ԷƿؿǵңҲֻһ幫ӣ׵ɳ۷ǰš
ǰ롣Х칧ңǿƿǵĴڣǵ׷ϸûеĳңȴҵʸûС
ǰҿɲҵһǷҼҹ֮гӵϢ㱨˲д󣬳ǺϳֵܵĴڣһѰߣڳүүǰдҪ֪ɲкý


95 
콣ŵϢܿڳҴȻӵ֪ܲ콣Ŵʲôȴ֪콣ǺһţҲζʲô
ȻһţЦҾȻ׷Һ֮ĲԽԽˡ֪Ϣоǿɬ
ױ㱻ĺѡЩҲһֱŬʵȾͬһ˿ɼĳȫвֻôҲû뵽᳹׵롣û˼֮λ츳ͳҲһһأʮ󣬳뽫ΪĴڡ
Ȼʧȥô࣬жԳ벢ûʲô⣬ȴԴڵں֮ȡôףﻹЩܡ
ܲǰɣڴʱһͻأڳ
үүˣһ㶣˲ǱˣǳХ硣
ХĻĬˣô꣬һֱΪ֮λŬôףҪ˵ûв죬ǾǼٵġ
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ЩŵĿųХ磬С͸Х䣬ڳХԸҲǼΪ˵Хĺûڵ졣
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ױţһ㶣ЩƵĿųХ磬ѵźйزɡ
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ԶĲ˵֮ǰľǣ׳׸ֱһֻ۱һֻۣʵĺôЩǿ߶ԣνĳҲһĴڰˡ
̤콣ţһɳҳҲԼǿߣҺͼһļΣһһ⣬ͬӪҡХ翪ڵ
ˡһɫüᶨ֮ϣע޷룬Ҫ˵ϣЩХĿдСµľ顣
һĻХ粻΢΢˵ͷһܹǿľԲһǿߵ֧ţҲһļֻ߽Ա

ʹ뿪֮󣬱Ǽ̸׳ǣͬʱͨ콣ſ˵Ϣ㱨׳
˼СӵЩҵԤϡ׳֪ϢҲЩȡ
ȻͲ²ܹʮ֮һȴû뵽ܹ뽣һţ콣ţһԿ˵һݼ롣
СԽԽҵԤϣ˵ܹ̤ǼʱЩ󱲣˵Ҫ׳Ŀ⿴䳡׼ңѾ죬ӵҲǿʼ½׳۹ȴ֪Щ֮УǼĿܼΪ㣬ϸֻҲǷëǡ

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콣콣ɽ֮У뿤ǧ֮ңߵΪȫ·ҲҪʱ䡣
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ԶԶȥǰһƬӵɽǺںպ콣ɽҲ콣ŵɽڡ
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üͷ΢壬˾޽ǲܵʹãϾǼ֮ϻиǿľڣĴߣһɱǼֻʯ֮ϣȴûиܵĲûаӡ
ˣܹӶȱսǿߣǺεôܳһ硣ҡҡͷǵǿߣԪҲǿߣôܳ׽硣
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ʦ֣ǲǺһɽ𣿡һƵ
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Ҳ̫ģҲǴӽһ߹ģ콣һʱ䣬϶߳壬ؽ콣塣⾪Ц˵
콣ŵӸߵ֣֮Ϊ˹֮໥ǿŶѣ˱ɹһ׶Ρ
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㣬ʲô£ѵҪ㽻ɣ⾪ɫһ˵
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ɫһ䣬Ŀ̿˿꣬Ǻ⾪𲻺͵ĵ㣡


96 ֪
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Ŀɨ˻ȴ·ǲʲô˳ķ򣬲ֻǵĿһۣûжͣϾЩոռŵĵӣ벻ۡ
ʦ⻰ͲԣΪͬŵӣȻҪΪ룬ʦ˵οˣһţʲô԰ɣЦŵ
Ĵ˻вһ֮ǰϾ͸ѣϱһĳϣγϣȻ޷Ӱ쵽ִã϶ŵӻô㣿һӣȻԼ˶סǱһŵĵӸˡ
㣬ҳ룬㻹ȥִÿϰɣʧȥ˵ӵĴҿν⾪һЦ
ԣɫһϱִôߣҲΪִöطֱϽȨ󡣼һ֮Ӱʵ̫󣬾Ҳް취
ô˵Ǵ㱣³ˣĿ⾪
ʦܣʦȻҪ⾪һƽ˵
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ǼǿߣôηһССϸߡ
ǳ룿Ŀڳϣ˵
ʦ֡벻˹ֵ
áȷЩѹϻῴۣ㾫ͨûЦ˵
˻һڳ˲ɫһ䣬ֻмͲ²뾫ͨô׵Ŀʯȵİء
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㣬û£ȴʦȥǼˡһԵ⾪𿪿ڵ
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˻һ⾪ɫʱһ䣬̿һԵ㣬ÿԷһ˿Ц֪Էִ֪ûҳ룬ѹ֮ǰô׵ľͷŹ롣
λʦ֣ǲʲô᣿⾪æ
мҳϵ顣Ϊ׵ӿ⾪𣬵
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Ϊ׵ԥһ£ջǵ˵ͷ
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ͷ⾪ЩִãɲɵΪڵԼִÿ⣬ִãȫΪ
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㣬ʲô㣬Ҷĵóѡ⾪һɿʧɽ䡣

ִò⾪ᵽļɽ֮ϣһô۵ɽ壬ԶԶȥƼǰɽϵľ޴󹬵ִõڡ
һ·֮ϣ͵͵Ĺ۲ЩִõĵӣЩÿһΪǴﵽϸϻһرϢɱ֮ȻЩ˲Ǽ򵥵ϸô򵥣Ǿþɱǿߡ
ѹ⾪ִãÿһ˵ΪﵽϸһǾþɱǿߣֻ½֮ѰϸҪ¡ип
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С롭졭ǳϲšɽϵʣǷǡڰסһ缴ֲ֪ѹ֮£ÿſһΣͷ·ǧ֮һ仰˵ȻʮϢʱ䡣
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97 
СҶײϣС˵ʵ飬ʱµĺֹˣѯЩĿߡȻľڱ粵
룬֪ײִϣǺЦ
֪С˵ԣײһ˵벻
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ͻȻЦĻߣиӵľ߲֣ɾˡ
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ͻȻӰͫײ͵һ˶ڰȻûзȻ򵥣Ϊֻ»ڻ֮ϡ
΢΢һЦСӻûţ͸˵ӵĴһλ϶Уֱһǻǲôһ£֪ǳʲô鷳

ЩŵĿǺߣ˾Ȼִõ콣ŵļλϵǼǿߣоִõ
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벻࿴ۣ˵ʱ򣬿ǿһţ̤ǼҲǺΪǿߡ콣ŵǼǿ֮УΪܹŽǰ׳֪ǿ˶٣վںΪǿ֮һ
ϣЩĿǻߣӶԷĻУҲһζԷƺûΪ˼
ôŵˣղŲǾ𣿡ЦһµĿų롣
ǻߵĿɨһ죬֮ǰȫƾһʱйղŵΣ˵Ǽٵġ
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ΪִõĳϣٵţҲù콣ŵĵӣǿѹ֮£򶨵ߣȴ֮١
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츳ȻۣܵЩ
˽ʮ۷壬˽һ磬̤Ƶ֮츳ȷǲƼ콣УҲֻϵȶѣ콣ǿεŻЩࡣ
Ϊ޷Сӿɲֻߵķ֮һô򵥣
ֻһɫ΢䣬ȵѵߵ˫ͬޣ
ͬʱֵѶȼ󣬾Ƽ콣ţҲ࣬ôĸЩ̤Ǽϸ۷޷ͻƵߣǲŻ᳢ԸĵͻơŲ쾳ΪѣͬʱֵȴЩˡ
СصĺһӦǺͻȻðǸ׳һǻ֮һңڷ֮һĸҪ򲻿ù㡣
֮ǰ֪ͨշϡ룬Ͳ²벻򵥣֮ǰŻڰй۲죬Ȼֳ˫ͬޣѹܹԿڡ֪ƢŹ֣ǼǿߣһԲϣҲöԷףڵ򵥡
ȷ֮һĸҪߵһ˫ͬޣǼΪѣȻͬʱֵĸ򣬺ͽ϶ȡͬŲȡõĳɾͣЩ˼ˡ
ֻеһֻ֣Ŷѣ֣Ƽ콣ţҲǽڽǸεţ߽Ա츳ԲѷɫκһλӡȻ츳ǿ߽Աͬһȱݣ̫̫࣬ӣǴеѶȣû㹻Ϊ֧ţ˵ߣٶһֵĳɾҲޡ
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ǰԶҲ˵һУˮڣԲ磬һ壬ˮл𣬻ˮ߸п
ǰҲ˫ͬޣˮ֮ǾȻһ֮УҲҪлˣҺҲ̤ǼֻϧϷӵ࣬ȻѧƤëˣʵôܺ콣¡Щˬ˵
˻ǻ߲Ҷ˵ͻƵǼ֮д裬ȴһף¿˲СӰԭ򣬾ΪѧһЩˮڵķţҲܹΪ۷һǿߵĸڡȶҪһЩ
ȴ֪ܹˮڵķţΪ츳ǿ٣ΪҳԣΪѰˮ֮սߣ⿤Ŷս֮󣬸ںսǿߣϷӵͷҲ˶
һΣȻҲ򣬵ȴûǰ㲻ϵݳԣմʧԵȻ̤ǼҲڶ̶̰ʱǼأԵʧ޷ٵá


98 뽣
뿪ִ֮󣬳Ǿֱص˽壬һص壬̼ھסʯȺŵ⾪
룬ôִûΪɣ⾪æ
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ԣ⾪𲻽һڵղȥϣϧڱչأִ˵ϻûܰﵽ㣬㲻Ҫ⡣
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ˣҸһķ䣬ȥ⾪ͻȻ
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Ȼ⾪һЦķȻͳһʽҲһеĵطģеĵطҪһЩȻⲻҪģҪǣЩԪطŨȻ಻̫󣬵ʱסЧҲǲġ
Ȼ¡ԾС⾪֪Щ𣬸ӱѡһԪŨĵطˡ
ʵЩĺõطŵĵռݣҲ̫Ծʣµķѡһģϣ⡣⾪
ȻᣬʦְæҸмҡҡͷʦ֣ղ˵⽣֮ϻбŵĵӣ
š⾪ͷҲ֪콣յǰһΣµӶҪڽһ꣬Żᰴտ˵ĳɼ䵽ĵطԱ콣ŵĵӴ˿ҲǣһЩѾﵽ뿪ޣȴû뿪һ콣ŵӡ
ʦ֣˵ЩһĵӣӦáô⽣֮ϣЩƵ
˵ʱ뿪ˣЩԶΪЩˡ⾪ɫص
˻жʱһ˿õԤУɲЩΪ˰Щˣ
Щ˻Լսǵʵδرǿ٣ǱϾһ콣ţȻЩе׵ĴڣҲܶԸܶ಻ˣԿԲܶԷõǰҪϵ⾪
ͷЩǴ뿪ʱٿһʣЩ˿ɶ콣ѧһ꣬ԲЩռ˿ɱȡ
⾪Ϊѡķ䲻ȻȲ϶౦¥ԪǰŨ֮ǰŵıԺȲϣͳȴǺ˲֪١
Ƿƣдƣɳ뷿䣬ǱչأֱƿʼʯݽƣһǿͻᴥƣʯݽԶԿϸµߡ⾪ʯݵƽ룬
콣õͦܵ⻹ֻ˵Ĵ֪⾪ĽӣֻкεȵĴвЩ
콣ŵĵӣʲô˶ӵнūģֻ콣ĵӣӵнūϾǽū磬ҲһţôܻѰӵū
ʣµԼɣʲô£ֱӵ콣鸮ҡ⾪˵һǸ뿪
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лᣬһǿ磬ΪǸصΪҲҺᲢۣ
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ױɫЩ԰ףɫ˼֮ɫʮԪǿոĴ󲿷ԪԭΪʤԼս˿̾Ȼˣ


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101 
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סһֳ򣬵һ򣬾˰콣ŵţʣµǳЩոռ콣ŵߡ֮ϣ˾סһ㳡ǳ֮ǰԼսĹ㳡
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Ҳǳ˺棬һв֪õţµ似϶Ȼ⽣֮µδضǾ裬ȴ֪ǱɽһǣҲԶǳҿɱȣ似Ĺؼ¾Ҫ֮ˡ
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似Ȼһּˡ似֣ҲԽԽ𾪣ʯϼص似һδӴһּˡ
У̤֮󣬶ѡһʺԼĵ·ȥרһֵʯϵ似ȴ·ǴӺ֮ϣ似ĲӲȥκһ֡ͺ봴罣Ž֮һʩչ󣬿ǻߣҪۿۡ
ʯϼص似ͬ似ԺֵʩչȻһģһʼ²ʯʯ֮ʱûнԼĵУڿȴû£˴似Ҫڵ
似ʲôµģȻܹ似ݵȵزַǺЩƣ󽣵䣬󽣵Ϊں似ȴǷ֮пѡ
似ľһλţǴ˻ţһλĴߣ治֪콣ŵεõ似ıڿ̵ġ
似˶ԲʺϣΪǸûϵĵҲ޷еİأǶҶȴ޼ָ֮Ժ似ĵ·󽣵䣬ܹҴ似һΣֻϧǰʯڣصֻ似һ˿֮ɫʯϼص似Ȼ似һ󽣵໥ӡ֤Ժں似вСĺô
콣żȻܵõ似֣˵Ҳε似Σʯϵ似ں似ҲǾ޴ģʱԣȫ㹻ˡ
벻̰࣬ʼʯϵ似ϸĲʯϵ似󽣵ļ໥ӡ֤
Խӡ֤ԽǾȣּ෴˼·յ·ȻԽԽ𵱳õ󽣵ʱĵһ仰ǧ;ͬ飬Ҳ󽣵䴴ĸڡ
ڲ似֮Уȫûע⵽ı仯һҲ֪ȥ˶á
ٴ˫۵ʱǰʯǰѾǿһˣֻʣһ˻
ˣһԺһϢ֪һ򣬾Ȼǹȥʱ䡣ѹʯǰ˶뿪ˡ
Ȼֻ죬ԵֵϿ꣬ҵ似ѳɣֻҪϵں似㳹ˡһâ
ʱ䣬似ϵĸҲǴﵽһµĲΣ֮ǰ߳ε似Ʒݣ似ʺţһ似ٴԷѹΪҲһս
ʯϵ似ѾĲ࣬Ҳûʲôãǳ뾶ֱ뿪
ʦܣȷҪô似ųҪ似ִõĵӣü
似ֶԽ࣬Խãһߣ󶼻ѡ似ŵĶǼ٣һֱӽʮ似һͬһֵ似Ȼ콣ûй涨Ӳܽô似ģִõӾûбҪһ³룬Ͼô似Ǹʱ䣬Ҳȫɵز
ʦַģҲĻȥϸĹۿһҵʺԼ似ѣô似Ҫȫ뵱Ȼִ֪õе뷨͵
ִõԣ΢΢˵ͷô߲٣似ȡᣬȫĻȥȻһ£ָʺԼֻһԽô似ĻûС
ʦ׾ͺã似һ̰ãרһΪáִõһ䣬ǿʼΪǼǡ
ŵĹҲ֪似Ͻ⴫һ֣ضϳ͡һúִõһ
˵ͷ涨κŶһģŵ似ǾԲ⴫ģ뻹ûս콣Źĵز
ļ֮У붼ʯڱչأں似ڿ似󽣵似ں֮ϣٶҲǿ˲٣ʮ似̶̰µʱǱںϡ

壬һʯڡ
ʦ֣콣ĵӣôȻ뵽׵꿴ǰӣЦŵ
ʦ˵Цˣ츳̤콣壬λ֮ϡʦ΢΢һЦʵǰʦæ
ʦҰæüͷһ
ʲôǿϸǿߣǵĳ϶֪٣һܹﵽʲô
ʦֲҪҿЦˣʦʲôҰæһЦ
ʦܣ㿴Ц𣿡ʦֿڵ
ԣ˿ǰӣɫҲǱʦлֱ˵ɣʦּȻʵ΢ܹĵطʦܾԲƴǡ
ʵʦΪ˶Ըһˣ˾ڽ֮ϣʦֲ档ʦֳ
ԭˡ
΢΢ͷʱҲףΪʲôΪ߰æˣݣǱ֪ԸһߣԵ̫СóģȻǽϵߡ
˭꿪ڵ
ʦʱչأܻ֪֮гһΪ˵õţг룬˺ʦЩڡʦֵ
һˣʦͷģұ֤ʦ⡣Цŵ
ԭΪԸһеǿߣȻҲһΪţмûİգֻ֪ǶԸһССˣȻϡ
ʦܲɴ⣬֮ǰѹʵԼսѾˣ츳վ⾪Ǳߣʦֶ£ʦɫص
ʲôһУǰʮ޷̤룬ܺȣ룬Ҷÿ겻мжԳ벻Щһ֮УҲǰĴڣû£һոռŵĵӣεºܣ˿ء


103 罣
æں似ĳ룬Ȼ֪ԼѾϣʱ䣬ͣ似ڵ似
ҲִֵõеĹ̥ƽѡ似ߣûǰѡʮ似Ȼûͣ˼ȴδš
ڳȻ֣Υ棬ִõҲֻһδǧҪ似⴫ô似ܿ뽫似¼ȥϾ콣ŵŹεȵɭϣôһЩ˻ǻΥŹ档
ֵصе뷨Ҳ²⵽һЩ󽣵ĴڣȴǾԲй¶ȥġҲ󽣵ı׶ˣÿһε似Ҫ似ΪͺϪջ۳ɴ󺣣ںԽ似ľ裬似ҲԽǿ
壬ɽ
Ŀյ֮УһӰӿǽ⣬ϵҶȻǷγһ޴
ӰеĳԽԽ죬ǷҶٶҲǼӿܿγһ޴ĳ롣
ۡ
ͻȻдһϸ΢һ̣޴ĳ뻯ĩɢȥ¶ǳĵӰ
罣ˡ˼ϲɫһ˿͵Ĺâ
˲Ǳˣǳ룬ʱ䣬ںʮ似似Ҳ㴴ҪϵƣҪΪµ似رǿ󣬲Ȼ罣ܻҪǿ
罣ܣҲԳڶκһ似뵽̤Ǽ۷ĴڣȻ罣ֻǲݴȴﵽ似ĲΡ
ںȥ罣ҲޣҲʱչ׼ˡ૵
ʱ䣬æں似Ϊٶȴ콣Ѿһ£ΪŲǴﵽڵĲζѣлвٵҩԵʣǵԪֻڶûﵽ
ʦ֣ˣˡڴʱһӰųķ˹
ʲôˣˣæ׷ʵ
кԾһ콣ŵеһˣ˵츳Ϊ̫ãһĵ֮Уֻǵ׵Ĵڡ˼콣ź󣬿ʼԼС壬Щ鲻ôģ츳Ҫ߲٣Ȼûⷽ˼Щ߻ôзЩԼһ𣬼ǺͰױϵһЩǿҲĬ
ղмˣڵĵʯݣƺҪ鷳Ծæ
ԣüͷ΢΢һ塣
Դӵ֮ڽ壬һֱûʲô鷳Ϊ⾪ĸ֮£㲻ٶ֣û뵽һ¹ȥˣ㻹ٴγˡ
㡭ɫȻ˴ڵжԣýӵݣȻһٶĶԸҲ㷴е˼㡣
ҵҪеʲôЦ
ںԾĴ֮£ɿ뿪ɽ

صʯݵʱ򣬾ͿżӣЩԲһеģȻǰ콣ŵˡ
ǳ룿룬Ϊ׵ĻƲƲ
¡ͷ֪λʦ֣ʯǰкιɣ
һΪж˲𣬿Ҳ𣿡һʼ磬һΪȻӵ
˵ʲôʦֿǡԾԣŭæڱ
죬ʲôһˣΪ콣ţˡӴϺԾĻЦ
ҪڵĺԾĿĿŻӣλǴҳܰɣ
룬ǰǴʦ֣Լսǻư
Լս
üͷһзһȻҲֻ̫֣Ź֮£֡㲻ĶԸֵܹġ
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һãȻʱ䣬ҪǱչҪôѡ似Ҫôں似Щǰ콣ŵˣ治ô˽⡣
ʦ֣Щǰ˵̤أ츳ʵ콣壬ҲõصԾС͵
ԣɫأǶԷֻصߣһսģغصĲʵ̫󣬾罣֣Ҳû˿ʤ㡣
ʦֻ濴ңԼսصߣǶ౦¥У˴˶սҲܳһСĲ࣬ʦӦҲǴʦһѹΪԼսɣЦŵ
ǲѹΪûʤ㣬ѹΪ治罣ǿ似֣ţͬΪһţһսο
ɱ˭ѹΪһսӳЦ
ȻˣǾ뼸λʦתʦ֣ʦΪޣҷ㡣뵭
ѹΪûԼսıҪû˿ʤ㣬ôܴӦ
룬ʦֵԼսҲҡɫһ䣬
кβңصߣȻѹΪʦһսˣʲôʸ֮Ϊţ
ڴʱһмţȺһӰ
鹫ӡ
ˣǻӼ˵ɫʱһ䣬ͻȻǿ߲ǱˣĴ󽣹е齣⾪
ʦ֡
ʵϤ֮󣬳֪⾪ˡ
⾪΢΢˵ͷǻӼˣȥȻʦָʦܣҪóʦֵӣصΪԼսصߣʲôϢ
ǣǣ
Ӽ˲ҷͷƵ뿪ʧ˵С
ʦ֣ôȻˣЩĿ⾪ɲţ⾪ôɣԼսʱ
ǰ죬ʦܸңǰҾ֪㲻ģһֱ⣬ǳʦ֪ͨˡ⾪
⾪Ľͣ벢ûие֣⾪Ȼ㣬߻ǲ٣ĴС£֪ҲΪ档
ʦֳˣȻҪЩˣֻ»Щ鷳Ц˵
޷⾪ΪҡҡͷɲСƣ˵ʵĽ֮ϣܹʤˣһ֮
ףҿɲôɵԼսЦ
⾪һ³벻֪ߵغΪӮ͸ҺԼսҪ֪ѹΪĶ֡
Ҳ̫ģ֮ǰӮҾͽ飬ͼλһ£λ϶ҲΪӣ㲻ڰж֡⾪
ԭˡ
⻰׹Ϊʲôʱ䣬һֱûʲôϾҪԸԼʵ̫ײԷȴûжʲôУԭ˼ɡ
λȻ㣬ȴ潣£˰ж֣Ȼ棬ԼԼսǲԵȵԼսҲ档⾪ɫ֣ص
΢΢ͷ˵ӣʵڼλһӡˣֻһССӡ󣬶ڵĳԣҲʮõġ


104 ս
ΣлʦֵİȻ϶׷ŹҡԴм
⾪ҡҡͷǱһǣסڽ廹ǻҪԼȻ̤أΪ̫츳ܹ̤أ֮Уûʲôܹв㡣
ΪǸ츳Ȼǿ󣬲ǽ磬ǵ֮򣬶ԶͬţΪȴĶ̰壬ܾ׷ˣȻڳԿľ档
΢΢ͷһȻҲʱ䣬ͻƵأʱ򣬾Ҳ塣
ʦ֣ˡ
ڴʱһŵֻһ˹һ֮ɫ
ôˣˣæ׷ʵ
֣˴ˡæ
ʲô
ԣɫʱһ䣬ױ˴ˣ֮ϣױĹϵãڰױȻ˴ˣ
ô£ɫױڽõѣ˴ˣȻʲôɫ
ЩˣղŰֺǴˣЩҲ֪ôˣͳǣͺ˭Щ˾ȻֱӶ֣ǲǶ֣ױҲǴˡæ
ˣ
üͷһһ̣ɫºνȻô߸ովܾԼսǱ߰ױͱ˴ˣôôɡ
һâԵ⾪
ʦܣȻй涨˽涨ȴͬ裬ֻҪֵ̫أû˹ܣǷϣһڳǰһ£ǰױ󡭡⾪̾һ
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ͷҲ⾪˵ЩһǻϹʶױθ벻ǵۡ⾪棬Ѱ콣ŵӣ浱Ȼû⣬֧֣ôܾ
ȴȥױ󡣡Ȼŭȴûʧ˷ִ磬ڵʵҪױͷʵ
Ĵ֮£⾪ܿ˰ױʯݡ
˿̵İױ׵ķҩԳȻܹױϵƲУȴЩ˹Ϊ֮ױıףױ
֣ˡ룬ױһ죬ôҲжţȻ˴ıףǶˡ
ױʵڲ˼ҪΪңЩҲ֡ЩھεĿ۰ױ󣬽Լս˵˳
ԭˣ˵ЩôͻȻҶ֡ױɿЦһ֣ģЩҲ̫֣ϵƶˣϢͺˡ
ʵЩ̫⾪ɫҲЩÿ׻˵˲˲˰ױ󣬶һ⽫ױıף衣
ߡԼսҾԸһЦһâ
ߵˣǴ˳ĵߣǰĳһɢޣѲܱ࣬ѣǶǿиĺѡױѣױ裬
룬ɳ嶯ʵԼսûʤ㡣⾪ԣɫһ䣬æȰ
֣ʦ˵ĶԣڵʵĶ֣շΪҲ١ױҲǼæ
صΪǳܹģɲΪʲôʧ
ģҲçײ£صΪҲЩաŵ
ʦܣ㻹ڿһ£ؿɲģ츳̤֮˽һĲΡ⾪æ
Խ׶սѾʮѵãԽ׶ս콣ţҲǶˣԽ׶սѾǴﵽ˽ΡǿʱϾ̫̣콣ŵʱ̣ҪԽ׶սڳ˵Ρ
ʦַģд㡣һƽ
ŷ֮򣬳ȷû˿ʤ㣬ɲֻߵķ֮һڻ֮һϣĸϣ޷ʤԱȴݡ
⡭ԣ⾪𲻽ЩԥǶԳʮֵ˽⣬϶ųΪ͸Һصһս
ѵϻʲôҲ֪ĵƣһŵĳ룬⾪һɫ
ֳ츳ѾǼΪӽǸΣӵнǸε츳
ôܡ⾪ЩţĴ󽣹ӣȫһոռŲµĵӣôӵ츳Ǳ

ʦ֣Ļ׵һü
Ϊʵ̫󣬶ѹΪԼսûйƽԣκһ˶۴Ӧ
ǲ˽ˣԸֱߵ֡һŵЦЦһ裬϶ͷ
˻һԵ˲Ϊѣμһ֪ɵԼսĿ
᲻Ǵ֪ˡһЦ
Ļո£һӱǻĳ˹
ʦ֣ˣͬеĻ⾪𡣡æ
⾪
ɫ΢䣬иӵļ⾪˿س룬ϧԽӵݣų壬Ҳ£룬кǲһ֪ʲôطðˣȻͬʱλӿء
룬Ҿͻ֪һȣʲôҲǣһâɫһ˿ŭݡ
˼䣬һѾʯǰ
뿴Ⱥǰ꣬俪ڵ
ʦܣôͨˣҵԼսЦÿ˶Լ㣬ɾѡ
ô£ҴӦԼս𣿡һЦ
ʦ֣Ȼ˱ӵֶΣȻ¡⾪һ˵
鹫ῪЦ㻹һԽӵݣ𣿡˵
֧֣⾪ȻҲںԷ鹫ӵͷ
ߡ⾪ɫһһʲôʱһĵӣȻҲֱӶײ
ô£޷ǾҽԼսѾˡ뿴˵ɣôԼս
ܼ򵥣˫ѹΪһսΣЦ
ЦһصߣȻԼսһصʦܣѹΪ콣źʱӲĵӡ⾪ԣмõЦ
ʦܣҲ˼룬ɫһ
ʦֵ˼ҵ˼ѹΪϲʦֵĶ֡һƽ
ɫЩѿôҲû뵽뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼû̴Ӧ˼
ȻʦܣôˣҵԼսһΪޣܼһ㣬䣬ΣƬ̺󣬲ǿڵ
һ㣿΢΢һЦаȵľ仰˫ͬޣҲ˵ܹʤǼһ㣬Щϣġ
ãҴӦ


105 ս
ԼʵȻģҲ˵ܹӮһ֮Լʵʺϲˡ
Ȼˣһս֤ΣһԵ⾪𿪿ڵ
Ȼ鹫д£ʦȻᷴԡȻһЦϾ֮ɫȻһսѾʤȯա
Ҳ֣˭Ϊ߳ô࣬ڽϳɾҲͣͬ׵Ҳ˵ܹʤοΪԶԶ
һ˳㳡ȥ
㳡ϵ̨٣ȻżҲԼսд裬ռһ˺ܿҵһǫ̃
ʦ֣룡뿴Եڵ
ʦܣԵƬ̡΢΢һЦ˿̻Ȼû֮ǰǽӡ
ȻüͷһЩò׼״ʲô˼
룬㿴
ڴʱһԵ⾪ͻȻڵ
˻˳⾪Ŀ⿴ȥֻԶߣ㳡
ǰڶལӣɫҲǳȻһжţΪľҪǰ
Ǻһ֪߳ܣΪԶ㣬ȻҲ˼ս⾪ɫޱȵ˵
̨ԼսֻҪӦûʲôԴѹСֻû뵽ܹԼƤ뿴ķ򣬵
̨ԼսΪԶȻӦһԼսԽУⲢвΪ۸ˣֻ˵ΥŹˡˣȻ棬ҲԺò˶٣ôԱˡ
ʦܣôǰսֻ̨ԼսδЩ̫һЩЩͷΣ룬Ц˵
Ȱ㻹ʿɶֹ⾪ɫһ俴
ǽһӶѣ֧֣ȻУһٶĵȳ룬ٲڣߣΪɱġ
ʦ֣ɡ볯⾪ͷ֪ʦҪʲôĲͷ
ʮԪΣʦò㶨ĿҲԡЦ˵
ʮԪ߿ɲʲôСĿرЩߣ콣Ѿһʱ䣬ϵԪҲǻԴҪ֪ѰӣҲһԪΪһο˵ĵһ˶һ飬һ²ԪʮԪҲڽһˡ
Χ۵ĵ˻Ҳ۷׷
ͷȻô˸ó˭ϻôԪʦҲδЩˣ۸ʦܡ
ȻЩ֣ǳԼѡȻӦԼսԼսǹƽˡ
ǵǣⲢΥŹ棬˵ҲԾܾ˭֪ߵغΪӮѹΪܺЩеһս
Χ۵ˣȻƫһҲӦԼսЩдܵѵҲӦá
Ȼʦ˵ʮ飬Ǿʮˡ뵭ȻЦ
ԭʣ¼ʮԪµʮ黹õĳġ
С˳ʦܣ룡û뵽ȻˬĴӦ΢΢һ㶣ЦʮԪѾ֮
ಡಡ
һһǰһԾ̨Զ㳡Ҳ̰
룬һ֪ʲôߣ۶ĳ룬һĲм֮ɫ
ʦִͽ̡뵭Ȼ
ս
еͺһ
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ݡݡ
гһΣһֲĽ𣬶ʱһǿѪɷϢѪɫĽ⣬ųϮȥ
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ʦһ֣Ѫǧǿ£ó似
Ѫɫӿ֮һѪɫӰ·ǵѪһ㡣
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вЩȣɱ֮һּĽΪСǣֽܼΪǿ󣬿Ϊ֮ɱ֮ǣԭǣǳʶ㣬Ҳû˵˭ɱ֮дɾ͡ΪнɱϣɱߣΪɱ¾̫߻ħοɱߣвٲ
ϧڻɱѣߵɱ¾֮һû취ڣɱ⣡΢΢һЦ
гһһĽӿ̨֮϶ʱһ΢磬΢£Ѫɫ⾡ȻǲϵɢδǰѾǳ׵ɢȥ
⡭ôܡһĻһ
ɱ⣬ɱֲܶɱ⣬мܣͬҲܵӰ죬ԭΪɱһ㷴֮ûС˭룬Ȼɵƿɱ⡣
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ܣôǿɱ⣿һŵɫ
ϵɱ⣬Ǿٴɱǿʮǰĳ룬Ҫᣬôǿɱ⡣
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㡭ŭ⻰˵Լܱܽһ˿ᡣ
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107 
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109 Ե
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ҹ֮һ֮Ȼ̬֮˷Ȼ°빦֮·Уһζ˳ӭϣʧȥеı⡣ͻȻ˵
˻Ӳ͵һһֱ罣ƺȱʲôȻ似ѾﵽڵĲΣ۷չǲôһ㣬ӱ˵ͻΣﵽϸΡϵһȴéٿ罣һֱԼĽ˳ӭϷ磬Ȼ͸ףΪһζ˳ӣýʧȥ˽âȴ³ɡ
󽣵棬ֻ޷罣ڵĲΡ
лָ㡣м
ֻҪȵں似ϸ似ʱ򣬲ܲһ㣬ϵ㣬˲·
΢΢ͷʵҲףԳ츳˵Ҫ˶ãҲܷ֣似ȱݡ
ߵǷ֮һϷߵҲǷ֮һҲԵڷ֮һϣʲôɻ󣬿ɵɽʯѰҡϵ˵
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֮һǰľ飬Ҫָ̫֮һȴǸո𲽣ܹҲֻĵ伮׷µĸ򣬵Щ򣬱ϾСǸϼعģȻܹӦԣûмصģֻܿԼϵָ㣬ǾͲͬˣȫԸݳָ㣬Ӷﵽ°빦Ч
ಡ
һգۼ䣬ѾʧڳС
ֱҲ֮һû죬ϵָ㣬׷ǰǰµĸһڷ֮һߵĸ졣Ͼϲɫ
ļ֮Уٴοʼ罣罣ȱݣȻҲʮֵѸ٣罣Ϊ֮һ䣬øӵҲѾǽӽ۷ε似
ݡݡ
СԺУһһķлдһǽ⣬СԺĵ棬·ɨɨһ㣬һϸϸİӡ

һ׽벻ĺһڵΪʩչ׽ЩϾΪ̫ˣʵս֮Уֻȫʩչʮܺľڵ
罣ƵĲˣҪƣֻں似ˡ밵˼ţ罣⼸ƣ˼ޣȥҲޣֻںϸǿ似пܴܡ
⼸ݺͲ򣬷֮һ಻֮ȻһЩ׷ǰµĸȴû취ֻȥˡε
ϵĵλȻߣôҲһϣĳɱȵģȻ˵֮ʲôɻɳҲɵһȥ

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ïܵǰһĿտ֮أĿյصıԵһʮɵʯ£ʯԱߣһªʯݣס
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ˣСôüͷ壬ʯݴ죬Ȼȴû˿̣ɳ᲻ˡ
ԭͳ£ϵǳ벻̿ɾˡ
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ȥҳ룬ٱҲ֪Լӽһĸм֮϶Ҫࡣ
üͷ˼ҪҪȥҳʱԶУһӰٵĳʯݸ
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СӡĿһƲַ̿롣
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һͬʱüͷߵǷ֮һܿͻʯݣ˿̵̻صʯݣҲˣó뿴һֱȣɲʲô¡
ֻ΢һ˼ϱע⣬üͷ˼·ûзĳ룬ǳԼ˼֮С
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˼õϣŵüͷͻȻչҲǶһ˿ϲɫһ̣Ŀ⿴˳룬Ĳĵף룬㣿
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110 Ѫŵ
ʯ⣬Ϻͳһ̸ҲǾȲѣԷ֮һĸԶԤϣںܶطԼܵС
⡭뱳϶ǿ֧֣Ȼô꼶򡣡Ƴ۳룬Ѿ϶뱳ǿ̵߽ȻԲܸ֮
ڣĸȻЩҪ͸ǺСһ֣ط뻹ǲĸҲһ
뱳λǿߣӦֻһɢޣȻЩط񣬵ֻרһ棬ۼԷ֮һ򣬻ǲŵӡɫ
һţµĵø֪ȻÿһֶãߵļʶԶɢ֮ϡ
е⣬Ȼ϶ĵ伮ȴмأҲĵһһΪ
ϵĽ𣬳еɻʱ⿪಻֮׶Ĳ룬ֻ֮ʱһһ
лΪһϯéٿһм
ϵָ㣬ӴеɻͬʱԷ֮һ·һ
ʱϷóأߵķ֮һҲԵǻʲôɻҲɵѯңһڴ˶һЩʱ䡣ҪľЧЦ˵
΢΢ͷǸ뿪
Ҳ֪뱳֮ʲôˣһɢޣڷ֮һĸȴ˿ҡϿȥĳ룬૵
Ȼ棬ȴûѯʵ˼ǳܣ̽ߵأнɡ
Сӽ̸һҲãñչزһ΢΢һЦһصʯݡ

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һɫӰһĽʩչΪģܷһ磬֮УеĽջķɢ
ۡۡ
յ֮ϣһĽۣЩһֹķʽܲϸ۲죬ͻ֣ᷢЩɢҵĽۣȻΪģһ޷͸ϡ
룡
ʯԣһ΢Ц
ϡ΢΢ͷʱ䣬ϵϤĽ̵Ҳôƣ罣Ǵﵽ۷似Σֻһ̤ϸ似
ѳɣ似Ǵﵽ۷ΣҲûʲôɽˡһп
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ϤĽ̵֮졣æ
ȻϵΪߣʱϤĽ̵óʮֵĸмϾֻǽһѰĵӣ峤и㲻ʲô
Ҳ˵ô˽ʱ䣬Ҳµˣҽ̵㣬Ҫǿ츳ϣԺɳܹ΢շһϿЦҡҡͷ̵룬˽ĵġ
ϴ˻벢ûие˿֣һʼȷûз½̵ʱʧǻܿʲôҲδ̫޴һЩ
ΣϽ̵ʵҵ֮ɫ
ǲǴ˽ģԷ̵룬ȴʵΪҪǣڵĳΪףѩ̿ѣȴ
˵㽻ĵãҲ治٣ҵ֮ϿЦҡҡͷ
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ϷҲûʲôĶ㣬Ϊ̫һЩһƿ浤ϣϽһöƿ롣
Ȼµʱ䣬Ϊ̤أΪڽ֮ϣҲֻеȲζѣǶߣ໹ǲС
ϷܰҲֻô࣬ԺҪԼˣ츳ԺὣӵĳƺҲûпܡϿ۳룬콣ûͬͻǼͻǼֻѶȲСں˵ЩЩΪʱˡ
ԳһЦǼĽӣܹ̤ǼҲɣ콣֪츳֮ϸ
ȻֻһᣬȴǼϾĿģ̤ػԪ磬ڻǼʱ

ʱ䣬ҪôչҪô֮һ
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żҲȥ֮УһЩΪǿߣѾ̤صĲΣЩ˵ıԣҲĸеΪĲ㡣ǲμӽȣֻʣ´ʱ䣬Ŀ̤أ
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ݡ
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ܵһЦεлʦ顣
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ȵǿ̫֪࣬ǰǿ˺εȵزһͷ
ʵֻǰѣǵʵܹڵڼ»Ҫȴȣܼʵ콣壬ǿ϶ġ
콣Ż֣ĸϹˣôҲһ
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ţϵĵӰٵӳڹ㳡ϵһ̨ϡ
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ǶûôһһЦţԶһӰ˵С
Ѫţ
ϵķΣͫһԺڶ౦¥磬ϵ͵һһѪɫ󵶣Ѫŵı־


111 ͵ɽ
Ѫôˣ뿴Ѫһˣɻ
Ѫź콣ţȻһר޵һר޽˴ûиĳͻΪΪ֮仹Щ˫ԨԴϵһЩ˴֮䶼Щ˳۶Է
߲ưĿһ
ѪһˣΪ׵ҲǺϵ˵Ϊ࣬ߵȴһȺ꣬ЩͳһСȻԷĿľǽ塣
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ҲûʲôҪ£ҵɽȼʼǰ뼸λѹȥЩɲĵĺ󱲡΢΢Ц
˻һ˲һ㶣ɫ
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Ѫǰ룬ѪŶԼĵӺаհ̾һֹĦ¹ŵӣûʮգ߾Բ콣š
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콣ҲˣӾȻһսûС
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͵ΪȻǿ似ΪȴЩˣصΪһս֮ΪֻضѣһԷʩչס

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⵶йŹ֡
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ȻҲ˶ԷͬѰֲܿһҲӲӣ㣬ηˣеĳ̳һĻεĻס
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˵͵ʵǿģҲģǿҲ˵콣صߣûĶ֣
⵶ȴ֮ܵƵںϽԼĵ֮򣬴ƵߣʩչܴǶЩûдƣ̤Ƶ߶ԣ⵶Ҳһͨĵѡ΢΢ҡͷ
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콣ŵһһƬĬȻ˭ҲûóȻ̨
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׳գַħһĴ򷨣ҲΪмԷʵ˿ַħĴ򶷷ҲֻӲͷƤǿмܣȶԷв֮ʱԷһ
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Ȼʮʱȥˣȴû˿ƣӣȻԽԽ֮ͣǰмһڣѾȫڱİ֮УʵףֻѾܡ
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̨ԽսԽµڣüͷ塣˵ôʱķ񹥻ӦøеƣŶԣԷٶȺ͵ȴû˿ļԽԽǿ


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ֻǳ룬ѰĵӣҲоЩԾϾ˵޵ģοֻߣ˷սڵӦúܿͻĴŶԡ
ֻǿ̨֮ϵڣûаƣ˼ԽսԽǿùȻû˿м֮
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˻û׹ֻһΣѾ̨Ծȥ


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115 
Ȼ뵲סУȴûȫʩΪĽ˿ɲãܹصΪסߵȫ
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116 
ԽսԽľһصߣȻ˷Ĺ֮нܣ׵ƵĿ֮
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̨ϵĳ벻ϵĳڳȥȴڳ֮֮յıܿ˶Щⳡˡ
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ӦǰɡһԵԳһЦ
ߵıԣЩϸߣȻЩ͸ˣǵһγ֡
ѵСҵʲô취ʤˣǰһһ̣ȴҡҡͷ̫ˣʤϣΪ㡣
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μֲĵ羶ֱƿһѪۣϵ˲²һ㣬ȷڳھŵڵڡ
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Ϯĵ⣬뾫˼㣬Ĵ߶ţη·һ˷У˲ʧ
ʱ򣡡ͬʱЩʧ˫ĿϵϢ͵һ䣬һɳȻ𱬵Ϣӿһĺâ磬˲ǰ
顫
ڷ·סһ㣬ֱӱǺâУһ죬ڵ壬ֱӱ÷ɳ̨˵ϡ


117 ӿ
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Ľκ˶ûԤϵģóսϵˣҲסˣȻչֳ츳Ǳ֮ǰûɳ֮ǰֻ֮ܳΪţǿߡ츳ٸߣҲֻصΪѣȻսʤһصߣ
ܣôô䣿
ﳤһŵĵͺţô䣬ôһصСӣҪ֪ħڣȫѰߡٵģصΪսʤصģǵһ
һԵˣմ̨ϵĳ룬ǿʤڣȻˣ
Ѫһŵģ콣ھݵĴ֮󣬱һĻ
룡
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ܵڣѾվһʵ̨ϵĳ룬Ȼܣȴ֪Ѿҵ˷ħʹ÷ħ
˫ͬޣҰܵĲԩһصѪһ
ȥڣףȻһʤȴҲȡˣǷħʤڡһףȴû֮һǿһܣֻ¸޷
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˻һ콣ŵһʱһƬȻЩѾżߣˣ޷ܵϵĲõƶ˿ﳤϵƣȻǳԾѡͬʱҲףΪʲôܹصΪսʤˡ
ϹôѪŻеҪָ̨㲻ɣϵЦ
֮ǰﳤһȣҲǱһֻԼҵû£Ҳֻţսʤڣǳڶ
˻ﳤǲɺݺһ飬һѪǰĵ֮Уǿľڣܣﻹʲôųս̨ҲǱɡ˵̨սڣȴصս룬ǰǽη߽޳ܣ
ǵһ£ȵɽȣҵҪʲôӦλսﳤЦȻǵɽĵƣֻҪλ֣ƣҲذɡ
λɱᣬοɲǺǽӱԣǷҿ˵˵°ɡﳤϲ
һۣ΢΢һЦﳤǷˡ
룡΢΢ͷѪһ˳ϵ
λ뿪󣬳ҲǷɿ̨ʧȺУҪҳʱѾûټ
죬֪ͨʦ֣
ȺУӵ̸һһӷɿ뿪

սʤѪŵϢͬ籩һ㣬Ѹٵϯ̶̼ʱʱ䣬Ѿڽ壬콣͵ؽ
콣壬һ֮У⾪һ΢ЦĿ׵Ļߡ
ؾսʤصߣյ콣壬һҪصдڵҲỺͲ١Ц
ʦ˵Ĳ츳Դﵽ˽ӵĲΣʱգֻܹӵĳƺš⾪һϲɫ
ͲýӶв׵Ļԣ⾪𣬲ǻ
ԣ⾪ȴǿЦҡҡͷʦ壬ûвǬĵλ𣿡
ԣĬǬλӵΪ̫Ǭڣ⾪עֻ֮ˡ
˵ǳܹý֮λһϵѺõĽӣܱȶһеĽӺãܹԽңֻ˵ˣʲôʸȥᡣ⾪𵭵
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Щ£ԼɣʲôҪҳģֱҼɡߵ
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⾪һ˿̵㣬ɫȴޱȣڽֵԽɫоԽǲˬ
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УҲ˵֮û˶ϳбʤİգ˵£Ǽϼһ϶ᰵнӽ룬һ֣Ҳùҡҡͷ
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ʦ֣ܲһֱСӳɳȥɣЩԥڵȻвǣ֪ż콣Ų꣬ɾͣǵ콣壬ֻѷᣬԸɾˣ
صģûн£һ治Сӳɳ֮죬μӽʱֻѷᣬȻðͷа취Ըһ˿м˵
˻ڳ˲һ㶣ЩĿ㡣
ǰЩӣʱѪŵѪӣ֪һĵɽͬǳΪţѪӵĴڣһѪ֮ǰ뽣Ħȣ¾һ콣ŵ棬Ǻ϶һս˵ս֮ϣҾͲų뻹ʤһЦ
д£
⻰ڳɫһ䣬콣нӣѪҲеӣǽӣǵӶʮѵһţû뵽ѪһȻҲһȵӵš
˵˵ΪѾǽӽأ˵ƣڵɽֻ֣֮Ҫ֪ͨһѪӣô˱ԵʱЩһ˿â
һǳ벻Ӧսأһü
赶ɱ˵ļƻãǰǳҪӦսУΪԴ󣬳δػӦս
ӦӦսɾɲˡЦһһŵ


118 Ѫ
ʦܣһ£Ĵܿͻ콣ŴڸС㡣⾪Ц
ʦֹˣܹʤڣʵкܴĽҳɷ֡ҡҡͷ
Ϊ̫࣬ԵУʤ㲻ᳬɣܹ֮ʤڣܴһԭΪʩչĵȱݣȻҪʤڣһЩǲܵġ
Σ̨֮սʤˣʵ⾪Ц˵
ž£ļλϣҲӿأȻǵΪ̫ߣڽ壬ǵ֧֣ɲص˰ж֡
ͷĳϣΪǵλ콣ţһΣ׻˵عٲֹܣЩϵֻ֧֣Ҫڽ֮ϣΥŹ棬Щ϶ỤϾֵڼ䣬һλȽӣǿĹͣҲõŵĽԲ⾪𿪿ڣǶȫά롣һɳҲõ޴Ļر
ˣʦܣ˵һѪŵǰΪ뽣ǰȥĦɽȣ⾪ƺ뵽ʲôͻȻڵ
ӦǣѪŵĳ˵ͷЩĿ⾪òƺûʲôϵŶԡ
εĹĦҽһҪȡȥ⾪
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ڵõ⾪ϼ˲΢΢һ㶣Ȼû뵽⾪
ԭλϡ⾪΢΢ͷ
ݣλ֮ϣȻ
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룬սʤڣΪǽ屣סǸĽ΢΢һЦһľеݸ˳롣
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ʦܣͱƴˣսʤڣ嶪棬ǼϼһҲŽ˵һҲǰǡϿЦ
Ǽ˲콣ţλ͵ĳϣ嶪棬߲϶ǣγ뱣ס棬ҲǼӵİǡ
ʦܣͱƴˡһԵ⾪𿪿ڵ
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ô
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βס˽棬һϹӣѪ٣㲻ʲôЦ
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޷޷ǽţӦõġ
ĵ˵ͷ飬ǵĿҲﵽˣϾҪͳĹϵﵽǸΣǲˡ
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˵Ѫųһ˲ţεɽȣ˲ٵţϺŵϺŵţǰȥ΢΢Ц
ԭˡ
׹ѪôȫΪҫһԼš

뵶ɽȣֻʣʱ䣬ͻƵأ֮ǰûаİգѪҩʱͻƴأʲôܵ顣
ʦ˵Ѫ̺żΪҩҵΪÿηòܳʮ֮һ뿴ľеѪ٣֮ǰ⾪Ľ
Ѫϸ߶ΪҩҩЧΪǿԳΪѪ٣ÿε̫󣬷˷ҩСΪӴҩԼ鷳ɾʹˡ
Сһָ׸ǳ̵Ѫ٣ֻľеʮ֮һӣһηѪ٣СΪϡ
Ѫڼһů˳ųĺӿ֫ٻ㣬ܵǿҩ벻ҵæת
תڵҩϵı۵֮УΪҲǷٵ
ֻһָ׸ǴСѪ٣Ҳ֪˶ãǽѪеҩȫ
ֻһָ׸ǴСѪ٣Ȼڵҵӣϸ߶ںҩܵ϶һ˿ϲɫ
ѪٵЧԤϵĻҪϲ٣һѪٳ׵ֻΪֱܹС硣
εȴЩˡ̾һ
Ѫ٣ϵ˶ԣֻǱȽҩǶԳԣرˣѪ٣ΪϵƣҲȥ
ԺлᣬȴҪرһ¡а
ϼǳʲô˼ǶȴģԺԼȻҪرһ飬
ҡҡͷ벻ȥЩ飬ȻһѪ٣ڵ۷壬вСĲࡣܿǷһѪ٣ʼ
ļ֮У붼ڷѪ٣Ҳ֮򣬽磬ԶԶΪѰ߸ôɣȶģ߻ħпܡ
ķΪǴﵽ۷ĲΣֻһܿء


119 
ıչأóϵϢĻڶս֮ǰʵѾ˲С
ʯ֮ϵĳ룬΢΢˫ۣоâһš
ʱ䣬Ӧ㹻ͻƵأȹΪ૵
뵽Ҳԥľлʣ´Ѫ٣ֱӽȡ˰˷֮һӣڵΪ˷֮һѪ٣յļޣΪһͻأŻֱʹôѪ١
Ѫٷ£ɿתʼڵҩҩϵתһɹɾ뵽ĵ֮С
ģ뵤֮еﵽ˱͵Ĳȣ̵ʼصıݡ
ӿϵĳˢڵľصıݣ֮£۵һƿʱ䣬ܵԪʼųӿǳۣһܹǰԪʵһ㣬ϵӿ뵽ڡ
Ԫӿ룬ǲҴ⣬߶˼ޣǰԪ룬ϵĴõ;
ʱٵţ볹׵ĳͻ֮УҲ֪ȥ˹ãٴʱѾǵڶ磬һͻأȻһʱ䡣
û뵽һͻƣȻʱô̾һѪṩ㹻ҩֻҪʱ仹Ҫˣһʱ䣬ҲЩ֮ǰԤϡ
ЩϸߣǱչؼ£ͻһ磬Ҳʮ£ûʲô֣ԽǿߣͻƵʱҲԽͻԪȹ磬ҲҪʱ䡣
Ԫʱ򣬳ͻƵǼأ˽һʱȹΪ⻹ΪԪԪԶԵʡ磬ͻƵأûʱ䣬ֻΪ޷ȹ̡
Ҳ֪ûչؼ죬֮ǰѹڳ֮ǰ֪ͨ
ȡʯݽ֮һţʯӰһ
ʦܣǳˡų룬⾪æ
ʦ֣ʲô£״æ׷ʵ⾪ʶʱ䣬Ҳˣڳӡ֮У⾪żǵӣȴǵһμ
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Ӻ˵𣿡벻
Դӵ콣ţ⾪ҲǶչмӣһʱ䣬ͻԹһΣ˵һֱദʵڲף⾪ô˵˻
ʦܣҸոյϢڣѪһǿĵӡ⾪Ц
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ڲѪһ֮ǿţϢе⣬ϾѪĿɲ콣һţôڴ֮ǰԼǿĵɳ콣šһˣҲûҪȥˣ˵ˣҲûﳤܻʱԼµڵʵڵɽԲǿġ
ʦܣ治֪Ǽٲ֪⾪һƽЦ룬֮ǰӮڣ˵ѪŲ澡ʧҲǶЩ棬ȥѪŹĦɽȣѪŵˣ벻׷Ź㡣
üǵɽһţǿ
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ڵΪʤڵǲѣڰյĹʤڣ˺һ֪ħޣڵھŵʱ֣ҪһյĹʤڣҴѾ۷Ϊһ̤أֻڵʵڶԷ߲˼о͵ܡȻǿҲԲǶ֡
¹ҲãûɽȻţʵڲУεĵɽȣͱȥˡ⾪һǸ
Ƭ̣΢΢ҡҡͷεĴȣһҪȥ
ܵɽŵǿ󵽺εȵĵز붼Ҫȥʶһ£ɽţη岻ǰǿ̫š
⻰⾪ɿЦһϣͬǿȽӵţΪɽߣͷһʶĻᡣ
ȻʦѾҲȰ㣬ˣһҪԼսǧҪӦҵ̨֡⾪һ֣ص
ͷ׻˵ۣڶԷĵ̣Ķֻ֣Ҳ᲻֮
˽ʲô֣ͻȻ
Ԫ
Ԫ
ǰһȴεļס֣ҪǴ֮ϣԪʵǿ˺εȵز
⾪һ뿪߲ãϱǴҴҸ˹ͬʱΪ˴֮£Ҳ֪ͬѪԪơ
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ϷģҲ˵ԪܲսңսҲԾֻܾҪҲӦսҲû취Ц
΢΢ͷµľǳʢܲô̼ԷһӦս˵ս콣ŵãϾڼŲ꣬ҲдʣҲ塣
һǰѪţ·̣Ҳ׼һ¡ϵ
Ѫź콣ͬΪΪţ˴мǸǳأѰû߰ʱ䣬ꡣ
˵ѪţںɽҲ֪ںɽδвһͷ
콣źѪǿţлɽػѰ߸޷˵һЩ϶֪ЩŵɽڣǶѰ߶ԣЩŵɽţȴޱȵء

ڶһ磬ˣǴŹˣͬһͬ뿪˽塣
·̣˵ΪҪ֮ڸϵȻ⣬ǶԳ˶ԣȴһɵ飬һ·֮϶ܱȫ·ٶȣܰ쵽
˸յɽţӵ˾ͣ
ϣôˣڵ
ΪӦǰѪţŸ䱸ƥԣǸ·ϿˣЦ˵
ԣ
⻰ͬڵļˣɫ΢΢һ䣬ԿǺ۷ޣٶ죬һּΪʶУҲֻӵԣͬΪҹӵûԣ̶ȿɼһߡ
û뵽һһԣһΪûءЩϲ
һˣҲһ˿ϲɫԣ˵˵ݵһ˿ûʸʹá
֣ҼǵҿԵģ㲻ûɣӿԵһˣЦ˵
֮죬һ崨˶˺͹֮йǰߣ崨˵ǺӵܣϳǼǿߣȻǿҲֻϸ۷ߣټĺǣҲļ塣ڶ֮Уεˡ
֮еȷԣǿɲʹõģСʱ͵͵ԹһΣүүݺһ١崨һЦ
ӵܣҲǺ콣ŻҶûпɱԣڵԣǹǿʹãʵһܹȾָġ
Ͽˣڵ
һ̣˳ԣգۼ䣬Ѿǳʮɣʧּ䡣


120 ִ
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ڳһ뿪֮Ƭּ̣һӰ֡
뿪ˣȥĳһˣ϶һ˿Цݡ
ǱӦ׼Ĳˣ밲Ȼɱ
ǳڴˣȻܹϳ˲Ǳˣǵ㡣ݣ콣Ҳҹ϶Ըͬţһ콣ţǿɾͲ˵ˣƬ֮ϣÿ첻֪ж䣬һҲࡣ

Դһ˵ٶǼӿ̶̰࣬ʱ䣬ѾǸ˽·̡
һ·֮ϣһˣҲߣЩ߼֮󣬶ǼΪľηܹӵԵߣԲܹͨǵĴڡ
ĸ·һǳأһ˳еıǣһ˳ǱȽǿһǳأϸߣˡԶǺһ߶ûеĳǳؿɱȡ
ϢһʱԵ㶫··;ɲôߡǰıǣЦ˵
ǰıǣʵǿ󣬼Ͼ콣űȽϽǺһٰ˳УΪȶĳǳ֮һҪߵ·ȴǱȽϻҵһƬһ·֮ϵ˺С
ϣǹ·뵽ô£ô˺УĳѵͲܣЩƵ
˵һ֮ǾԲԼľڳģǣһȵĻڳԼĵҲʮֵҪ
ǲܣǹܲˣǹ·ٶߣлϸҪ֡ҡͷ
Σн磬ǿʵ˵ʵǳҲûãյһǿϵĳ׳ǿʵ֮£ͬĬұ
Ҳڹ·ĵʵûﵽ׳ĵزȻµĿ¾Ͳǵˣǳˡ
ϸǿߣȻԸˣһȵ
ϸǿߣһǣҲǿߣܶʱһǵǿߣǿߣ˵Ϊ˲Ŷԣ˵ֻҪԸ⣬뿤һǵĳ壬ǹϵλãԶȵ˸ǰ;
ǹ·ԭһǿŵɽţ֮ǰѾ𣬵ȴһЩЩһЩǿȻϡһЩɢ޶ԣǲģԺ·ͱɢռݣö֮γ˵ˣŲ·ϸҲγһΪ֮ءϻ˵
Ȼ
ɫ΢·ϾȻһܵɽڣѹܹۼ˶ɢޣǰͬΪɢ޵ʱɢ޵ΡûǿţκλԵֻܿԼȥƴȥ
·ȻһЩҲΪǡЦ˵
·ĵˣȻ³ЩǿҲҵϾǻЩɳһǿߣ׸·ĵˡ
һˣϸǿ·ĵȫһевҲֻевѣҪɱ·ߣԲЩųϵĶ֡

磬ɿɽ伲ۡ
ȺʲôȻڹ·񱼣
Щ˼ֱ
ϴǶ֣
ðûЩ˳ʲô԰Щ˲ǴŵĵӣǿǵĴӵܣǣ·붼һȺּĵˣ۶ĳһˣΪ׵ĵϳԣ붼ͷˣЩ˸ܹǵġ
һ·Ҳû˿谭ЩٴΣֻ֪꣬ǲʲô˸ǣʲô˲ǣǻġ
ģôһ̶ӣȻôֵǮĶ̫Ļˡ
·һϿ֮Уʮ׳æŴ޵Ļ֮жڵϻż߻ʬ壬ڲԶѺһȺߡЩСŮֻЩ˵ϾǾ֮ɫ
磬Ͽֵܱˡ
ڴʱһӰΪ׵Ŀ׳ǰ
ʲô𣿡Ϊ׵׳
һˣ˵ԡ
ԣ
ԣڳĵɫ΢΢һ䣬ԿЩӵеÿһܹǵġ
磬ô죿һӵ
ȳǲʶǾ͸һƱˣ˶ûôǿ׳Ƭ̺󣬻˵
ȻԺΪԵĺдΪߣӶͨ·룬֮ǰ£ҲٴΣҲѧˣӵԵ̶ӣȴ̽һ£Щ֪Ĵͻ֣һ㲻ˣϾǹӶԣԷҲһΣ·벻£ǽɱˣǵŭɲǹ·ܵġ
磬Щô죿ӿ˿Щ²ߡ
ǣЩˣ뿪Ҳ߳·룬ȴ̽ǰ˵Ҫ׳
Щͨߣÿ겻֪Ҫ²٣һЩ߻ðͨ·룬Щ˶ǶԿпޣܹЩóԵİˣɱǰЩ²ǿ˲֪١
ģȻ콣ŵˡ׳ſϿϵľʯ̾һ
콣ţ·ֻϰˣҪǸҶ֣µڶ죬·͵ñ콣Ÿ˹
˸ո߽Ͽȣ͸оϿϷϢ˵û̫ģ·뻹ûӶ콣ŵĵӳ֡
ǡ
ǰһξ룬̿ЩɢĻѾŵߡ
ˣȾǡ
˾
Щŵķ²һˣΨһᣬǱЩץϳȴǵĿɾӡ
ۡۡۡ
һһԹߵӶʱϿ˲ʮ˱
ʦܣ¸ü
Щͨߣ߶ûˣȻҲҴ·룬ֱѰ·ûбҪȡ
ȻˣҲԵ˳ֶΪˡ뵭
ǰǰЩҲò˶٣֪ٴðգٴಫܼ뵹ǲǡ
ˣ뿪·룬һ񱨡һǰ
⻰ȴüǿæȥѪţԵٶȣǰЩУܹϵġ뿪·룬϶ᵢԼ˵ٶȡֻǽǶ£·߳ȥȴôס
룬߰ɣȻˣŹ·ˣΪǡϵ˵ֻ仰ȴǼӴ˼
һ׹⻰Ҫ˵Ͽϵĵϵ˵ĿڣЩҲǱ콣űˣǵٳ֣ɾǲ콣ӡ
ģûϿϣ׳⻰ǲһ飬Щ²ҲԭôأҲʲô˵飬Ϊ˼²콣š
ߣ׳һ£Ͽϵĵ˷ɿĳ˵С
ڸܵЩ뿪ĵ֮ϳųͷһ˷ɿĳϿȥ
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ĸ·Ѫɽڵĺɽ


121 
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ɽѪŵֵأһˣ˽Ѫţǰɽ
κһŵϳΣգŵӵ죬Բ񣬾пܴơ
һ·ȥܹԸܵԵɽӵĵ⣬ȻЩѾ֪ܵϢȻܶ˵ĵӡ
ʦܣĴɽˡ
ԣ벻ɿЦһЩѪŵӵĵ⣬Ҳп˵ôŵӣɲʲô¡
λǰڴϢվѪŵɽȣʱвųϯǸһ˵߽һˣһԺڵ
һεɽȣѪĺӣŲϿһԵļԺһп
µŵӵĴȣһչʾĺûᣬĻᣬѪţҲʮѵóһΡ
Ҹ·ҲˣϢһ£ȡϿˣڵ
ѪŰŵıԺҲ£Ȼ㲻ݻȴͽЩʶոķ䣬ԺǴһϤ
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֣ôˣűԺӰ벻΢΢һ˲Ǳˣϡ
ԺϵˣҲ˳ü֮󣬲һ㶣̹ӣ
λˡϹ˹֣˳롣
֣롣
ƺлԼ˵æԼķ䡣
û뵽ʦܾȻʶӣ崨ЩȵĿȥĳˣȻڿҲЩļ壬ǺȣȴûаĿɱԡ
˵ʦܲμ콣ŵĿˣģڿ˵Ĺϵƺһ㡣
ˣ˵ˣעϢѪſɲô׵ķŹǡ
ԣ˵ɫʱܣǰѪţɽĵӣ϶Ҹһڳ֮ǰλѾ˵һս⡣
֣ҵǳʲô£ص䣬æ׷ʵ
ΪʮֵĳĬԷܹԼǰŸ̤ԺţȻһֱԼܹ飬Բ򵥡
ֵܣˡϳ

üͷ΢壬ΰжԸû˿ĺøУǶԷɽԲʹ˰ݡ
֣һﲻʲôжԸҰɣ뿪ڵ
ϿЦһ˵ͷǰĦɽȣ˵ԪйӴһǴԪֶԸ㡣
Ԫ
ɫһ䣬˺ųƵɽһߣڶԶԶǴ˵Ķ֣Ƕϴˣûаʤ㡣
ҹҪ㣬СԪǧҪӦԼսϳ
ַģ£ųѾҲɵĺԪԡЦ˵
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Цһ֣Ҷܵ룬һѪĺܿεĵɽȡ
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ѪܹչزҲ֮겻֪ʷУѪȴƣȴǼΪѵá
Ǽ壬ţ㣬ʷ֮УѪܹչڣ϶Ķ֮ǺܶŶ߱ġ
ˣ֣ŵ𣿡ͻȻ
һͼЩԹͷǼţ֮УһЩûǼţҲǰεɽȣѪʮңֻǼţڣٻڣŶ֮С
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֣԰ھţһ𣿡룬ڵ
ݣҪھţҵֺãɲһ׵飬õİ취ͨϳ棬ѰԷãʱڽֺϢ֪ԷҲ˵ֺĳŵ
ֵʲôˣϿڵ
ٻ
⻰ϵɫʱþһĿų룬òڡ
֣ʲôף״æ׷ʵ
ûʲôףֻǡֵܣû뵽ҲôȤǲ֪ſܶݵʯȹ¡Ц

ԣǲɺݺһ飬⻰ﻹף⣬ΪҲ׷ٻ
֣ˡЦõĿϡ
ֵܣףѾϸΪһǾŵ״ӣɵüˡһ׵ӡ
һģ뷭˷ۣҲý֣ͣô£
㲻֪һ㵵Ŀų룬ģƺ¶֪ʲôһ
ʮţӣǹϵĴŮȻ֪治֪ʱ䣬ôȹģһλ콣šЩŭĿԼϲ͵
ӣһ
λӷֱڵӣ콣ŵĽӣٻڵĻӣԼŵӣٻӡϵ
΢΢һ㶣νӣǵһٻܹΪ״ӣҲ˲ã˵ŵ״ӱȲýӵݣҲˣǾͬеٮٮߡ
ٻһֺ裿ʵ
ͬ˭Ҳұ֤ٻֺãȻҪС
ֺ裿һ㶣ҡҡͷҵһ˵ٻҲû˵ʲô磬һΪһ¡
˵ͷԵֺĺǻֺʮϣʱҲһʮ֪꣬ĿҲΪޡ
ֵܣĶȤҰ㣬Ǽһһֱ׷ӣҪȵǣǼһһᱻѪϺٺЦ
ҶûȤֻУھһٻŮӶѣΨһһֺ衣뷭˷ۡ
ԭԣϲЩʧ
ֵܣȸˣԼСһЩһٻϢһһʱ֪ͨ㡣˵꣬뿪
ϣϥڴ֮ϣʼ


122 ֮еĽ
峿֮ԺѾ˳ӿǰĦţҲѾ׼ǰɽϵĹ㳡
룬ˡ룬ϲ΢΢һЦԵΪߵλڵĸϡ
ϣ
빧
΢΢ͷǳ룬˵γһ˲ţڿȻ鴫
ޣСӲöѡǫ
ǺΪϵ֮һ˵ڵʷ콣ŻҪƾã콣źڵĹϵҲΪʲôϻΪܵԭ
ֹȻῪЦ˭֪ںĵһţڵˡϷ˷ۡ
ԣ΢΢һЦһ˿԰֮ɫ
ԼŵĵܹǶһţ˵ҲǱҫһŵĹУȻȲѪഫļ壬ǿŶԣŵĹͬ
ǻһȥ㳡ɣſɶѾȥˡЦ
һҲٵ飬ŵɽ㳡ȥһδĵɽȣѪŹĦʮ˵˴δȣǼǿ߳ϯɼѪΪδȣǷѾ
ΪǰĦĿˣر𱻰˹ĦϯϣһۿȥܾǰĦߣȺУ뻹ϣȻǸ
ţҲˣĿڼŵķüͷ΢΢һ壬ڼһϯλ֮ϣ뾹ȻӰ
˵ǼŰʱѣûʸǰμһεĹĦҪ֪ܹǰ֮ǰ̨սʤкܴĹϵҲûʸǰһεĹĦһεĵɽȡ
ӣڼŵĵλͰԺһͷܹ϶Ǹùйأˣݣǰ
ڹ۲ʱԵǸȴ͵ؿ˳ķ޷ֳĿ⣬ϸǿߣ΢۲һ󣬾ͱˡ
ⳤϣôˣ״΢΢һ
ʶСӣⳤûж˵ֻǿ˿ķ

һ룬ɫʱһ䣬˫ȭգħһ㣬Ȼǡ
ⳤϣ˵ҵĴˣ룡
ǳ룿
ⳤɫ΢䣬һ˿֮ɫ֣ȻҲ˵һЩ֪콣ŵλš
˲ǵģԺòҪĵⳤ̾һĳ
ⳤڼŵĵλӣӱ˵ӣϹȣҲΪʲôһֱչԵʣ֪츳Уǰμӵɽȡ
֪ˡһ˿ʣȴ޿κΣ츳룬ţź콣ŸһΣǳ룬ֻ¼Ŷ޷ס
һ£һ죬һӱ޵⡣
쿴ǰٻڵĵӣ
ٻڵĵ
Ǵܹҵİ£Ҳһˡ
ڴʱȺͻȻţ³۵Ůӳǰ֮ϰٻأǰٻڵı־
һ춯Ҳǲ˹ȥֻٻУ֮⣬ǺͲŮЩŮģ㣬ǺͰٻһи̬
ٻڣǰʮ֮УΨһһֻŮӵţͬһʷƾõţ񣬲ʵǿ󣬺ڳ֮䣬Ҳǧ˿ƵϵٻŮӣвٶ;ŴŵĽܳӳΪ˰£ǵĶ嶼ǵӰҲǲ⡣
һ̸ڵţκ˶ԸǵĴڡ
ٻڵĵǽɽĴȵƵߡ
ಡ
֮УһӰٵӰڳ߶¶Ľͳݵɫ
ǼǿߣţΪǿĴڡ
һߣߵĵ㳡Ǳðݣһڹ㳡ϵĸ̨ϡ
سϡߣڸ̨ϵĵɽһˣﳤΪף̱ù
Ǽϣǲĸ߲㣬ĸЩڵɽĳϿɱȡ
΢΢ͷﳤϣң׼ˣͿԿʼˡ
ǣҵ˵ͷߵ̨룬Ȼӭλͬǰμӹۿεɽȡ
ڸ̨һƪǸл˵űǶδɽȣһ̽ܣִȣڸڲټǰĦҲİԴ˸û̫⡣˶ѪڶǰΪչʾԼλǿţӮȡѡ
ɽȵĹ򣬺ͽȵĹû̫ǳǩԶѡ
̨ϣɽɵĽУֻıȴøŵĳ´ʧһЩͨӿľζϾģıԣǱȽټġ
űԵļҲں̨˵ʵЩμӴȵ֮УԲɾʤߣ֮⣬һ꣬Ҳ˳ע⡣
˴ӵһֱʼֱԣÿһıԣֻǳһĶ֣ʲôΪһܡ
ûв²⣬ӦþԪˡ̨Ŀ꣬ǰһ⡣
ĿǰΪֹֻһֿ͸ĸоָоǵڣûĸо
ȴ֪ԪߵʲôΪֹûȫԸ֪ܷ¶һЩƳа
ԪչֳʵЩѰߣһ޷ֵȻ޷Ƶ¶Լʵʵ
һܹǰμӵɽȵĶǸŵŵӣܿǿ⿡Ĳ׷ײ²˾Ѫŵλŵӡ
Խеĺܿ죬ܿ͵ǰʮᣬԪҲǵһصߣ塣
֮ǰһ·ԣ˶ʵҲǶ˽⣬׷ײ²ˣܹ̤ǰܹһսһԪҲȤ
ȻյĽȴ˴۾ͬΪ壬ԪУȻֻ֧Уֱܡ
ǿ絶һʩչǿӽ֮ܣȻ˾ˡ
ܵ壬߶Ǹпѣ岻ǿԪʵ̫ǿ
û뵽ѪžȻţѹָôǰĦȡ̨̾
ǣ콣һޱȵͿɾǰڶԷУֲʤ壬Ȼ˿̵Ԫƶûã׵ʤ壬ɼԷʵ֮ǿ
̫ǿˣ⻹ûõƣһʹõƣֻ¡ɫЩ԰ףԪԤϵĻҪǿ١
һԵ崨ˣɫҲʮֵѿϾ֮ǰϵ˵Ѫźпܻ콣սԪǿǰʤ㶼ûУ
ȻڼյĽȴûг˵ԤϣԪɶôȹھҲֻ֧˲ʮоͰˡ
˴εɽȣԪڡߵ̨룬˵
⻰ȴ£ΪǶ֪ѪôǰԲֻǹĦô򵥣һεɽĴȵĸߡ


123 ս
һʱ䣬㳡ϵڶųϵĿ⣬ǿԪ
һȣ˵Ԫĸ㣬ĵĹâ֮£׷װȻʧɫҪȵڳŵĳϣɲһڴȾеġ
ԪĿɨڶŵķ콣һϣڳˣûие̫֡Ѫź콣űڰнϾѪ֮ǰڽ˿һδȣѪŽĿ콣Ҳ֮顣
ȻһͶЩԤϣǼԪǵķɫҲǱ
Źһгŵӣ֮ǰոʤڣֽ֪ܷһԪ΢Цſϼ˵ķ
˻ԭֻǵõһЩϢɫ΢΢һ䣬֮ǰȻԪʵǴԵ棬콣ֻҲһ˲š
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ʦ֮ǰһսֻǽһʤѣôʦֵĶ֡æ˵
ϵųϣھܾսԵ콣ˣɳܾɾͲһˡ
ô˵ʦˣԪ۳룬΢΢Ц
˻һڵļˣɫǳղһ֮ʶѣû뵽ԪȻҧ׼仰˵е˼̱˵ĺ콣һսûУ䡣
ôͶˣЦͺкԪͿָ㣬Բʹ˰ݡ
ʦܣʧҿ˵ԱԼǿĵҲһսû뵽ֵ㡭Ԫ۳ķһʧҡҡͷƺϧʲô
˻ʱŭԪҲ̣漰ȴ̡Ȼͳദʱ䲻ڳϣѧ̫࣬ʲôΣʲôˣ
ǰɢģǵĶҾۣ˿Ԫĵߡ
Ԫһɱ
콣ŵҲôɣȻһսûУȥĵһмЦ
Ϊ˶Ը룬˴󹦷̽Ϣ֮ء
ʲô˼ĿҲû뵽ֶαȳӦս
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ЦѣҲףִȣǼǿ򣬸ܹġ
ԪҪϻȻҪսǾսߵ
˻һ̨ϵԪ¶֮ɫһУǵ֮С
롭ϿŴӦĳ룬̾һأҲ֮£ǳ뻹Ӧս»С鷳
룬Ҳ̫ģʵڲУ䣬ѪҲұƵ̫ϳ
˵ͷԪԾǳģԲֻΪô򵥣Ҳ˲С
ಡಡ
Ӱգ֮䣬ѾԾ̨
룬콣Ų꣬ʵѾܹŽǰԪ˵
˻üͷһ壬Ȼ֮ǰԪԼһϸ˽⡣
û뵽ʦ־Ȼ˽ңⲻԼİɣ
һЩ˲̫ϲ𣿡ԪȻЦ
أ
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ܵԪ޽ӽص֪ǰˣԲյڿɱȣһսԼҲûжʤ㡣
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ЩųǰĴӣ̨ϼһĳԪɫҲǱޱȵѰĵɽߣǵǿȻܹǿ˵Ĳ֮
û뵽ʦ̤֮󣬾ȻôǿֻҲŲ˶ą́ϵĳ룬̾
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Ѱвĵػˮ磬֮⣬бסľȵ಻ͬĵ֮һһֱȽϳĵֻóû뵽ʵԪȻ֮Ƶߡ


124 
֮һ̫ҲʶһЩ֮߱һǿߣ˿Ա֮һߣȴǸеЩ
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ѰȻ޷Ԫϵı仯ǿߣȴѾΪ֮ݣܹ˵زת磬ԲǴ˿Աȵġ
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ϣγ벻̫ѿˡ̾һ
һԵĹԣ϶ЩãȻæϵķ
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˵䣬еĴһһֲɫâ˲䳯ų
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125 ϵĽ
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ݡ
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룬û֮ˡԪһĻȴ¶Цݡ
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꼶츳Բɳȥһɱ˵֮ǰжΪҹӵݣôڣѾҪϧɱ롣

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ڳԸԪɣʵϣȴǲòõƣǲõѹԪκβöԷ
ֵܻû뵽ɽȵĹھϼޱȣչֳ츳Խã˵۹ԽãǶͳϵǼĿвСĺô
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ԪһԣܣҲⳡƺƴĴȣ޼գֻͷβĸоԪܣȻҲûмȥıҪεɽȣ׵ĳһЦ
ڵɽȽĵ׷ŰݷãͳгԹļţҲ⣬һǰһύһԷУ˵ѪŲ֮⣬ҲַǷ


126 
ڶһ磬һ˾ѪŴУѪﱾͺ޲óʧ˭Ըһ۵ڵɽܵ򴫳ȥ˵Ѫ˱ԣиСǲҪԼ˴УѪһûף
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һԵ崨˲΢΢˵ͷ˵ʵҲͺ൱Ҫʤڣһɵ飬ӱԪȡ񽣷ȻûʼһȴѾǶһŻˡ
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127 
һĿӣֻд󸫻Ӷͬвһ㣬Щ˶̶̼֮ͱɱ˺üˡ
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뵽æһԣֻս֮⣬֪ʲôʱһӣһɫϴһ˿⣬ղųֵ
ү
ӿˣɫϲæ˹ȥ
ۼӵʵЩҲͣԳǲ£ְ֧֣˸ҷſɱһ׾Ƶɱеǿߣȴˡ

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Щߵĺˣһȴû׷ɱļǺˣóȻ׷ɱտԼȥ
´αҼ㣬ɣĿ⿴Զ֣˵
˶֪⻰˵ģھԵʵǰǶڰ֣Ҳӡ
л³ȣҪ֣һǿɾ鷳ˡϿӣм
޷ղſǵԮźţӦ콣ŵˣ˵Һ콣ţҲЩԨԴӵȻ
ӣʵǿ󣬻콣ЩԨԴ
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νǱ񣬾ָµϸߣǱʵս黮ֳݺͿ֣ȨԼǺǱĵһšԥݣӵʵҲǰ塣ϵ
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⻹µģµǣӣڻһ꣬ȴѾϸصΪܹΪǼǿߡϸп
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ӻһֺƽ׽˵ĸоǲ֪ݺΪѼǰ湫ӺͺһᲢۡ
Ѿ뿪ڿԷˡϼ˻һģӲЦŵ
⻰˲һֶϣһҲҴ⣬ӳ֣ԷǲŰȫ
лȡϿڵ
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˵䣬ԶһƿֻӰٵ
ЩӰ̽䱸ΪǸոȥĺɱһǹֱЩ˿֮󣬲ŷ֣Щŵ콣ŵķΣȻĵӣЩȫϸΪ˵ʵϼ֮ϡ
ͳЩոռŵĵӲͬЩĵӼӣһ۱˳ļ֮˱Ǹ뿪ʧ֮С
֣ӵӣӦǸոɣһ຺뿪ķһп
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ӣ
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ϵ˵ͷҲһɻ󣬼ĸϵһŮӣΪһգһð߾£˽ϣĸΪƣ֮󲻾ãˡʱһð֮ˣǰҡ
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Ѿµˣ¾ǸߵǸӡ
ʱͰĺӣܵżʱԲϣȴԼĻԵһ콣һλѰͻƴ޵ϸżȻԹɣʹ˼нû뵽Ϊһγͻˣɱˣǿڿǣɱʲôлһ˿壬Ͻɱɱˣ˵ϸǿߣҲޡ
Ҳ첻ʱǡ̫ϳһ֮£Ǿţֱӻﰢˣǽϸп
ܹ뵽ʲôǼǿֱ߳ӻǺҲñ̫Ͼ˵ҲˣҲͲֻ֮˭Ҳû뵽ʮ֮Ǳܿճһλţ̤Ǳһ̿ʼʹûеһֱԲ֮䣬ѹǼߣΪǱһˡ
ֱ˿̣˲Ƿ֣ðǱһˣȻӵܣ콣ųϻһʱ䣬Һ콣ŶǺڲѣȫάҺĹϵϾţ̤ǼǿߣܲܺԼ˴콣ŵλϣѾޣȥ꣬˼еӣæϹϵʦֵơ
ܹ̫ϳϵע⣬ҲλϴڵĽ콣Ҳһ˿м콣ŵӣõһЩҲΪʲôӻ³˵ԭ
Ȼô£ϵĽҲǸпѣʮֱ꣬һ棬һĬĬŵϵӵܣɳΪǱһš


128 
ΪʱСȻɳȫأҵĹϵһֱ̫ãҲΪʲôǱΪһ֮ϣȴעڡ
˵ûڣûĽ죬ңڵĸһȲϵ콣λϸϵҪ
ϸߣܹ̤ǼţǳҲǲò˵ڲܳԪԪɲ׽ɱȣԪŨִǵõĶУܴﵽĳɾͣλ㡣
콣ŵӵĻͣȥ·ϣҲûΣգ飬ϸߣнʮˣϸصͬʵѾȿЩ
˻صţǽϮϱŸ߲ŭϲ£ϾѪŵı֣Ϊ콣ټӡǲϲ£˻콣ź۸
Ȼϲ飬ԴȴûбʲôϣЩ˶һЩ֮ͽ鲻Ҳû˿콣ǿҪ鵽£Ҳô׵ġ
ͬʱڵɽȵı֣Ҳǳ׵콣Ŵ֮ǰΣһγǳ׵ĴΪһˣ츳ǱʵҲǽһ
֮ڳˣˣԴˣȴû̫⣬ǰױڴֻż·һ¶ѡ
ȣûеɽǰֶֻ֣ѣնùھ崨еڶ

Ƚ崨Ҳ뿪˽壬ͬʱһ쿼ˣҲ׼֮У˼
ڵʵ֮ͬ£޵֣ҵĿɲǽ塣üͷһоâ
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ϸṳ̂롣
ҪػԪ磬ұҪȵҪǿ󣬻ҪУصԪ磬ҲԲ̫ŵĶ֡밵
̫ȻԪ粢ʲôǿţڹǻԪǿ߾ʮλ̤ԪҲ޷ǿС
ԼʵߣϣԪǰ㣬
ʱ䣬ڱչ֮жȹϵΪ֮ܶʼոһգ¸һ¡
㣬ʱţһתۣѾº󡭡
ǰ۵꣬˿Ѿǳɳ
ݡݡݡ
ɽּ䣬𶯣Ե徲ޱȡ
һּг΢һľ磬ƿͬһ㣬˲䶴ǷɵҶ

곤һս΢
ҵķ֮һѾǴﵽ˵СɣɻЩ֮࣬һԭֻһЩ̤̤֮˴ɣҪ𶼴ﵽԲ̤Σȴǲ֪ʲôʱܰ쵽૵
ĿޣĽСΣȴǲ֪˶١
ʱ䣬ΪҲﵽصĲΣѪ٣ѾþͻƵأΪڵɽȵı֣رһЩԴЩԴΪҲɹ̤뵽ء̤֮Ϊٶȴ
ˣԳڵΪѾǿﵽϸ似罣صߣҲ塣
뽣ȣвһµʱ䣬ҵΪ޷ʱ䣬ﵽ۷ˡ밵
̤۷壬ܽϵͻһͻƵأ㲻۷壬ٴﵽڣǾûġϵһͻƾĵҩһ㶼ѡڰ۷ͻƾصʱʹá
Ӧȥɽȥˡһ⡣
ɽǺ󿤵Ľɽʮ˵Ǽ޶УؾŴΣ֮أ⺮ɽͶռеΣտ֪
ɽȴħĹؼħԳ
ԭǴԼ̤֮ȥɽĿǰʵͣͲǰħȴʵĺð취ܳɣʵȻܹٽһ㲻ɣҲλᣬ˽һħԳ״Ϊ׼
뵽صסʰһ¶ǰϵ
ΪٽһεĴȣϵˣҲľͳ˹أϾһεĴ֮Угλ϶ڿҪҪ񵱳ĵɽһһĦᡣ
ϵҲûܵʲôĽ֮ϣ˭֪룬ǿǽһˣһɳǽһε
˵Ҫ⣬ϵɫһ䡣
أǲ뿪ģ񵱳ɽȣǿǹغɵŻ׼ġ
룬Ӧ֪Ĺأӣǲġü
أΪ˱֤ӵİȫϾ콣ʵȻǿ󣬵еĵ˲٣ĵӣŵδڻûԱ֮֮ǰһΣռҲǽصĳԡ
֪ϣܹͬ⣬ڵʵԲ콣ѰӲȫԱ֮뿪ڵ
΢΢ͷһȻţʵһ㿴ŵģ϶ԣֻҪ벻ϸߣٱûģϾó֮һܺͷ֮ϣСɵһЩصߣҪǿ
ȻйأҲ˶죬ѰӲΪ˱֤ǵİȫѾԱ֮ȻڴС
̫شһ޷Һϵһ£𸴡΢˼Ƭ̺󣬲ǿ˵
ĳȻԱ֮һε͵ϮȴǸϵ˾ӣϸǿҪɱ룬ǲòСġ
ͷҲ֪̫ش󣬲һܹģϾεţѾǱŸ߲⣬δҪͱĶ
Ȼû̴ӦţӦⲻ󣬱Ͼǽεţڽ콣֮ҲǴﵽϸΪһ

Ȼڶ죬Լ˳ԤϵϢ˵飬վͬ
Ȼ̱ͬСģһҪڴ֮ǰϻš
˵ͷûǴȺ콣壬ֻн콣壬似ܼںϣ
ǻᱣܣһʱ̫϶סһҪעⰲȫ˵ϴӻͳһöɫһöһ߷ܹ׵նɱϸµߣ˸һֻһΣؼʱ̣Ҫʹá
΢΢ͷȻʶֶΪЩ󷨴ʦǿߵԪѹ֮Уһ߷ᷢǿĹǱĺöǰöȻܲǿȻϵԼŹؼʱ̱û뵽˿̾Ȼ͸
뵽вһ˿мǽлᣬһᱨշ


129 ɼ
ڶ죬Ȼ뿪˽塣
ûǣ콣ڿɻϣĵ뿪ǾΪ
뿪֮󣬳ǽϵĽˣɿ뿪콣ŷΧ
ɽλں󿤽紦콣ţԳڵΪȫ·ҲҪʱ䡣
ڼٵĿһ֮󣬳һǵĳǳأһƥѩӰԵѩӰȻԣôҲǺޣһѡ

ѩӰڳļԦ֮£ٵķɱٵʧڵ·ľͷ

ĸ·һ·֮ϣҲǼʶ˲ٵߣһ˳У߽ļǳأʵǲÿһϸǿеĳǳػλϸһ˳֮УҲǶˡ
ݡݡ
һϮźٵڵ·ϼۡ
ѩӰӰһʱȫ񱼣ٶܹﵽǧһ·̡ٶȶԣں֮УҲˡѩӰΪڷֳϲʺ;ҲȻǺȣǺȣѩӰҪǿϲ١
䡫䡫䡫
ѩӰ񱼣·һ졣
ѣͣ£ǰɼ·ϣһϢߣԶɱ̸꣬ߺ
ѣͣ£ɼֹϸ
ǰߣ׷׿ڵ
ɼ
ԣüͷ΢΢һȴûͣ˼ûдɼǽѣȻûбҪͣ
ɼ뵹˵ѾǾ뺮ɽǧѾûгǳأȴһɼഫԭһƬɼأΪǿռݣɼ꣬ÿһмλϸǿ귢չѾǲһ˳ǵĴڡߺǰɽɼĵҪһĳǳ֮ϣŸϸ²ó
Сӷ˰ɣɼҲǣ
Ϊɼǰ費ɣ
ɼֵطǵģ
ųٶȲĳɼȥЩ߶ʱпѣȻǳţ»ⷽԲɼ˵ʵۣϸߵǰҲÿͿɽľ߻ӣʲô˶Уľǹء
ѩӰɳۣһ·ȥܿͿԶľ޴ǳأ˵ľΪûеõҵĳ϶ѣʵϣľͳǳزûзֱ𣬴еɼѾûټ
󵨣ɼƳۼɼвʮʱ򣬸ɼĻǷ˳룬Ϊ׵ľʿ̴ȵ
ԣ벻üĵɽǰԵҪ֪ڿûнǣǿǣûнǣڳſڣǵĹضõġ˿ûɼɼȻͿںֹ
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һƿԷĹ޺޵Ŀ˿ǳŴľʿתų⣬ɽȥ
ôĵӣȻҷ
ۼһԼµĹΪ׵ľʿɫʱޱȵѿߵ
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ˣҪǸɫƣΪɼ˵
ǣӣɼǽܽͳϿ϶࿴
һԵľʿԣ
Ϊ׵ľʿԣɫһߵã̵ʿ汾׷ϴˣ´ˣü峤Ϻúÿı¡
ǣ
˻һԵľʿʱ
Ľ紦飬ҿûҵûһк³ϸҲ⣬ο쾳ߡ
Ƭ̺󣬳ŴʮѩӰԵľʿų뿪ķ׷˹ȥ
һĻǵ·׼ǵߣﲻΪĬɼңϲŭ޳֪ɢ޺ð߱ǻκǵʵҲֻĬĬܡ

콣ǣ콣塣
ԴӵԪԸʧ֮󣬳һ˿콣ĳҲΪأϽ峤ϵάԼʵҲֻܾʹ˰֣ȳ콣㡣
ۿԽԽҲǷԸ£ϸעĶڸղţ𽣷ĵͻȻ㱨Ѿʧٲ
˵ƾմӽʧˣЩ˼Ŀǰӣ
ǵģʦ֡ӵ˵ͷҲǸղŵ֪ǸӳĽӴϢ˵ʱһֱںɽǽʱ䣬붼û֮ǰһȫͬһʼԷΪڱչأǼ춼û֣Էʯ۲죬ȷϳѾʯݣ뿪˽塣
Ѿ뿪˽塣üͷһڵ
ʦ֣ҪҪϱţԣæ
أǲ뿪ġ
ϱţƲƲ죬ҡͷҪûн峤ϵͬ⣬óܹ뿪콣ţ
⡭һô£뿪콣ţɲ뿪Уڼ仹Ҫִͨõӵܳ뿪콣š
ǽĹزǡ
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Щӣڽʱ򣬻ͬĻᣬ¾ϱţҲԳ˿Ӱ졣
ʦ֣ô죿æ
ԭΪϱţ϶ܵϳͣû뵽ĿȴǵõôһϢ
һѵûᣡһâʵСһϸǿ߶ɱ¾棬Ҳ
ȫȥ򡣡㿪ڵ
ǣӵ˵ͷ
룬ϴŵɱбҶҵҪ㻹ܻܲŻһɱ
뿪Ѫţڹ·ķģأҲûб˲˿֪ǣͻˡ
֪֣ǼΪϡ٣Ѱߣһ㲻ϰֻоУŻӣұСһɵȻϾɲһγֶԸˡ
˵ֻǻɣ֤ݣҲκβҹӣ׻һλǼǿߣǳܹ̤ǼҪǶ֣ǼǱɡʱ򣬾Ϻ⾪𶼱ס
ѾԶ콣ĳȻ֪뿪콣ŵ£Ѿ㷢֣֪Ҳ⣬ǰɽ飬ɾԼ֪ѣ㷢뿪Ҳ֪ǰʲôط
أСӣվסڳٿ񱼵ʱͻȻһȡ
ɫʱͷһֻ֮⣬ʮѩӰԵľʿ񱼶
ɼˣˣ벻һһ̣ɫޱȵѿɱӿаøɼһû㰵֮ȴұˡ


130 Ӿ
סѩӰĿųľʿ
Сӣܿ񰡣ǰĳ룬һЦʲôˣɼҲţֱѰ·
ȻȴһЩĹӣҲǣѩӰߣ治£һЩʵﶼѩӰǰĳȻ¡
ɼ鴫ǿǣҲûǾҪؿǵĹء뿴۶ӣ˵
ǿǣɼɼɼҾǹأмЦ
⻰ŭЦããұһе
˻һɫҲ΢΢һ䣬˵⺮ɽưԣȫûпɱԣҪԸ⣬־ܸɼ
СӣףֻҪӿļͷһԪӾʹ˴һ

ŭ
ҿЦ֣ɱСӣ
⻰Եʮʿ̳ų˹ȥЩʿʵ̫д붼ߡ
ɱ
ʮ˳ɱȥ˲嵽˳ǰһ߶Ŵ󵶳ǹųֶȥ
ߡ
ϮĹû˿߶ּĳ
顫顫
Ʒ裬ƺߴգ֮䣬ʮʿ䱻ɳȥݺݵ˵ϣһѣȻ˲ᣬ⻹ǳԵʣǳȫ֣ﻹ
õȻɼˣ
һ־Լʮˣɫʱɼô꣬Ѿܾûˡ

һ㣬ѩӰϽͬӥһ㣬ٵĳųȥд󵶺ݺݵͷҪ

ʵ̫ѾصĲΣʵ֮ͬҲǲˣԳ룬ȴȫ
һƽ̣ӭϮĵ⡣

Ľ޴ֱӽĵɳȥ
ۡ
һѪ˵ɫҲǱò԰֮Уһ˿η֮ɫ
ôǿ
Ҳ𾪲ѣȻԤϵʵ̫һԼˣȴû뵽
ݡ
һӰǰǳ룬Ǻˡ
㣬㲻ɱҡܵϵɱɫһ䣬æҹӣҪɱңҡ
ҵȷǲ𣬲Ҳɱ㣬Źңƽ·һʬһ㣬Ҳңϧ֮ˣŹ㣬鷳ѣ
ֻΪѩӰɼ·вҪɱԼϷŹԼһȥ´ζԷ϶ĸԸɲʲôé®Сӣ˼̫꣬Żɽ飬Բ
һһüġ
ۡ
ܣ㱻ǽֱӶüġ

˫Բ죬ȴ޷֮ǰԺ֮һΪҹӣӵ֮УҲǶţܼӡ
ң˭֪˭֪ӣ
һľѡԺգųһһжûˡ
˫۰ȥ£ٶ
ȥɫû˿ı仯·ǰˣɱһ㣬һ̣һһ϶ʮʬ塣
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ңҪ־͹Ǹˡһֵľʿʬ壬뵭
ЩˣԣûвǶԷҵľʿŹԷȴףЩˣһŻȥֻ½Ļ񣬾ͻ̳ɼΧ֮Сһͻ̱׷ɱڵɻҵĶ֡
ݡ
ѩӰηɿʧ·ϡ

ʱ֣ɫѾʼû谵ŵľʿû֪ͨҸ߲㡣ܿ죬˵ʬ壬ͱ֡
С
ŵѾʬ壬һ߷˹ȥһʹĴ
˭˭ɱ߷ŭš
ӵɼôӵĴսάɼӵҲ˲٣ĸױһκɽð֮ȥʣһӣЩȫҲûʧһߵ˼ѡλáȻ˭Ҳû뵽һٴξһΰ׷ͺڷ˵ʹࡣ
һ˵ʵԶС֮ϣЩʿӦȱˣһɱһоնɱôˣ˵ΪҲﵽصĲΣĿɨϾʿ壬Ժһͷ
ߵΪѾǴﵽϸܹЩȻֻ֣û뵽ǣڵĸ֮ϣѾǴﵽ˵СɵĵزصΪҲױصʵ
ǽ츺֪СΪʲô뿪ţ߿һԵļʿ
Щˣǽһľʿ뿪ʱ򣬲ûдȫˡ
ϣʱһλѩӰ꾭Ӻֹ˲ӱ׷ȥһʿ
úáɼɱˣЦ
ǿɿ˵ӣ߿ʿ
ʿԣȴҡҡͷʱɼһξ룬ǵΪӡ

һҲ֪Щʿһ³ŻУЩصߣ
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ǰ޼ʵɽɫļᶨѩӰηɿʧɽ֮С


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ģŵҲ̫޳ˣȻֱӷ˼žڡ
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֪ͨѲӣˣһ֣ɱۣһɱ
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132 ɽ
ηٵĴɽ֮Уżͷ󣬼ŵ׷ȴ˿ķɡ֮ǰնɱǼŵӵʱѾоǰ֮УһλϸǿߣȻһƬ֮мŵϸֻ»ֻһ
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ĿǱΧŵĶɫʱ͵һ䣬ֻǱΧסľʯ֮ϣһֻԴСĽɫޡ
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ӵһֻɽôӵԴԴļƷϣκһߣʦ顣
ǱŵΧסɽȻʵǿܹĽҲֻһЩϲ̨ĶǰɽҲĲϡܹ߽Ԫǲܵ顣
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룬Ҫɱ㣡
ŭһһΣ磬ηٵĳų߷׷˹ȥ


134 Ͻɰ
ȫ߶·缲磬֮䣬Ѿ˦׷סɱ׿˶࣬ǿס룬ߵٶȣαȵϲ֮Ƶ

ﴭŴɫȴûаиü֮䣬һ˿֮ɫײ£µ׷ϸǿߣܹĸоԽԽ
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˻ɫһ任һʱȴûʲôð취ǰΣ
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ҵòɽҲõЦһ̣ɽһףȻǳߵһ˳ȥ
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С֣ǹ
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һ룬ߣʱնɱɽĻԵֻҪץɽܵõŵĽġȽϣɽļֵԸ
ܵǹǿϢɽķ׷ȥвһȻ˿⣬ٶȲĳɽȥ
Сһϣãܹӵɡ
ɽ󣬳ҲֻԷܹӹϸǿߵץ
ಡಡ
μʧ֮С
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Ӧòô׷˰ɣ˿֣ȴüͷ
֮ǰϸǿˣһ·ģҲǸеһƣ롣
һȫĵط˲У֮ǰһ·Ӵܣڶ֪ںδܣ벻Ц
֮ǰΪ˶ϸ׷ɱԹߣûעܵĻڸԼʲôط֪ڵ״̬һŵߣǾΣˡ
Ѱһܿһһεʯҵһһ˴Сɽ
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һʼ뻹Ϊʲô޵ĶѨû뵽֮ŷ֣ɽȻʮֵʮɣȻûߵͷ
סǰȻй⣿ͻȻɽһ˿˿ɫΣһһ㣬ηٵĳɽȥ
䣬һɽֻɽ֮ضɢɫΡ
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ץ˵ϵɫΣһ̣ɫһ䣬ЩɫĹΣȻϽɰ
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ڴʱɽ֮ͻȻһ춯
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û뵽һһΪӹϸ׷ɱȴһ
Ȼץסɽ󣬵˿̵ƲᣬץɽҲûϽɰӲޱȣɽϳԷҪߣץ
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һĻһ飬ɽϽɰ޸ܡ
СһôͻȻ
ɽǲǿץֻ²ߣܹɽĸԸĸõĽ
֨֨
ɽ۳룬ֿ˿Ͻɰ
̾һ޻ޣܹѱĶɽޣصĳ׵׷ߡ
ЩȻûãҾͲˡȻ޷õɽ󣬵ȴŹϵϽɰЩɶǼƷϣЩϣеĳֻҪһܿ϶١


135 
ಡ
УһӰ˿յϡ
ֳϣأ׿ֳϣ
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ֳһ
˻ײüֳϣǳǡ
֪Сֲ򵥣ǰžΪʲôֳ϶׵̬Щ˵
һ˿֮ɫȴûж˵ʲôΪֳϿɲѰĳϣȻȲңҲǼصϸߣûбҪ£ǲҪΪá
ֻϧαɽˣҪץɲס̾һΪֻޣǼҲǸ˲СĴۣһǰλϸĳϣľӢϰˣǰǰ󻨷˰µʱ䣬ȷɽž룬ϧȴû˿ջ
ɽޣôץģɽһƬζмΪϣץɽȴԲܷŹֳϳ
ɽʵ̫ƻ³ӳɽɲǣѾ˾κջǱɽߡȻϸߣ޷Ǳµɽʲô취
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ǽž뷭ҲҪҵЩϡһâĿ⿴ַ򣬡룬Ѿ뿪˼ž룬㣬뿪
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һʱŽɽеϽɰȫռʮӣֵǧԪֻһϸ߶ôԪ
׬ˡ뽫ϽɰպãϾϲɫ
ԭɢɫεɽ˿Ѿǰֻʣһ˿ɫ⻪ȴЩûбɽɵϽɰ
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ͻȻһɳɳɽͻȻһ˿ŨɫΣ뿴һĻȴǺݺݵĳ˳顣
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ЩƵţ˿ֵǵϣȴɽųѣѹ֮ǰռϽɰʱɽһĿҲƣôϲռı㡭
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ŵ˼Ȼ˼ž룬ȻȷɽͶֻΪžķΧ̫󣬻ûüҵ⴦ɽѡʱһԷ϶ҵǰɽϸǿߵĶ֣϶ᱻŵ˸ץס
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˵Ҹ㣿Щԥ
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ϽɰǼƷϣҲƳƷѣҪƷҪϣǼˣôмƳƷ
ôҲû뵽ȻܹˣҪ֪һϽɰԲ̫󣬰˵ܵ˲Ŷԣ˭뵽ȻˡһöˣȳȫһҪء
ݡ
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ûãҶԿдã֮ǰȻõǳʯ⿿ǳʯƳıȻҲܴﵽαԪĵزǼˣƷʿ϶١뼤
ͬαԪҲвЩαԪԪҲһ֮ЩԪֻǱһЩѡ
СһлˣмĿɽһۣǵõּƷϣܹƵõصԪõı
УΪز㣬һУǱһõıһԽ׶ս
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խͨǰȻʣһƬïܵɽ֣ͨλһС
ˡһĿһƲǿھԵɽ
СһǾʹ˷ֱɣЩһҪ˶þͻ׷뿪ڵ
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Сֳ֣ϵƤϽɰҪ
ֳŭһ㣬ͬڵһ㣬˲䳯ųߵķ׷ɱȥ


136 Բ֮
ܵϸǿߵϢһʱѡߣȻڵѾָȴҲԶԶϸǿߵĶ֡
Էٶʵ̫죬һζߣҸӲ׷Ϣɫһ任зٵ˼ŶԲߡ
֮ǰѾϸǿֹ߽ԷʵڵܹӲģȻѾڵһʱߣϸǿѾϢ׷ֻǳ顣
ΨһĻᣡһ⣬ɫ価Ǻ֮ɫ
ǺɽΧΨһյأﳣ걻ǧ֣ϸ̤ҲмΣ䣬Ѱ߸û˿ᡣ˿̱ǿ׷ɱĳ룬ȴûѡΨһܰǼǿߵĵط
ٶȲȫ񱼵һϢ֮ܿʮɣ׷ɱļǿߣٶȷʵ
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СӷֻصΪȫ֮£ٶȾȻһ߻Ҫ졣ֳɫ׷š
Ȼϸߣȴóٶȣܹ֮ٶѹƳ룬ȫΪΪǿ

ߴһĺХͬӰһ㣬ٵֳּϣȴԽԽ׷Ҳʱ䳤̶ѡ
ܿ죬˱ǳ˼žķΧȥ
쵽ˡ
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׷Բӽҿʲôòֳоɱ⣬ǾԲȥģٴĹͣҲòУûǿɾʲôûˡ
ǰɽ֣ԼܹһƬɫ򣬷·һ޴ţڵλá
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ŨѰֻմȾһ㣬̾ͻжӦʱ䶼ûСȻһЩ룬ѾܿήεĲľЩľΪѾһЩ仯̺ζ
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գ֮ǽ޵ĴնϣϿĴ˲һɫҺ壬ԴԤϣ㣬ɵıܿЩɫҺ塣

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һ·ǰУ뾯Ľ䱸š
֮ǰֵľ飬ļֻޣӦҲ࣬Ųϵ룬Щ޵ʵҲǱԽԽǿ

ǰȥɫﳣĺһһһԪٵεɱڵҲĲ٣ֻܿԪϵĲġ
뾡뿪УȻԪв٣ȥԪĹ⣬ʱֻܵˡ
յԪ̺֮ԪڵҲǻָ߰˳ɣһ㣬ηٵĳȥ
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⣬ֳķɫЩѿѾʱ䣬˵ӦѾ˲Ŷԡ
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ɫ֮Уû취ȷԼķһʼʲôŲϵǰУȴԼƺԭشת
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Ҫ뿪ķĶϷ򣬰֮ǰƲ⣬߳ʮԺзٵļš
·ߣҲ֮һķΧȴֻʮ֮һľ롣
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Сĵŵζʴ뿪ʼƶȻٶȺζʴжϣķȴޱȵȷֻϧۣ۾϶ܹ֣ոһʯڣӴʯڵʱ򣬾Ȼ˽ȥǻֱ۵ľӾ۾ĶδʵġԳڵΪֱӿʯʲô⣬ԲŻѡ۾һŲΪӾӰԼжϡ
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ڳ룬ǿûʲôøУǹ˼ݲԳ֣ͳֽѵˣ˿̼ǧҶڳ֣ȻҲּɣôΪ顣
һĻӲ̾һҲٶ˵ʲôһΰٻǧҶڣȻ̫ҶӵӣԷɲ򵥣ǧҶڵλҲǼߡӲΪһˡʶɢޣ
Сӣ㵹ù㣬ֽŶѡһЦгһһĽ⣬ֱӴ˳뵤λá
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ϮĽ⣬ɫһԷҪ뵽жǧҶҲԽķ°ԵޱȣԪ̫ΪʶţаøС


140 Ѫ
ӵĳٶȿ죬ķӦ죬Ѿ˽һԲ֮һ׵ĽӵĹס
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һܿͷӦӵȥħ⡣
ѪһּΪҩܹǿΪϸҲвСӿħѪҪأӵ˵֪Ҫȥħһʱ뵽ľѪᡣֻǸ֪ȥħΪѪᣬΪħԳľѪ
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˻벻Щԥȴֿ˻ħеħԳԶԤϣܹһõѪĻʹˡҰλǰļأħԳľѪԽǾ͵ħ֮ǱԽ󣬶ħԽ
ԥƬ̺󣬳Ŀ΢΢Ҷһ
ģֻҪǣҾһҶӱضΪ㡣Ӽ״ﻹ֪еĵǣЦ˵
ȻӿڣҲһƽϡҶӿӣ˵
ӵĳŵȻġͷӦ


141 Ѫ
ѡӵĶ飬ҲԼĴ㣬ӵ˵İȡħԳľѪȻӵףҲɵȫӵĻȻЩ
δ̹ӼӦʵ
ԭ뵭
ԭ
һΪٻڵŵӣСӵԺһЩŶţԭȴǵһ˵ȻǳıӵҲû̫⣬ߣ˻رǳһ⣬˵¶ͻˡ
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ԴˣҲΪ⣬ҪҶ϶̬ͻȻ仯Ż֡
ӼȻѾǣҲˣЩ飬Ҳø㣬Ѫ죬Գ϶ػһԣʱλϸǣסԳħԳ򽻸Ǹ𡣶Ұٻڻ˲ժѪᡣ۳룬˵
ԣüڵǰٻڲժ
ǵģǺǧҶõģʱǷ䡣ڵ
Сӣһݣ߻üҶһЦ
һЦȻ㶼ʲôµġ
ٻڵʵǿȻǰٻΪǧҶҲð˼죬ǧҶڵһλϸǿߣҲ̫֣Ȼ԰ٻڵʵǣסԳ
ħԳǿǿһ뱩ŭ״̬ʵ٣Լ켶ħԳҲɴ⡣֣ص
ħԳܹһռħ뷽ԲʵԲɽΧħҲһΪĵط
΢΢ͷħԳഫϹʱڴޣ壬ܹ޽ɼһߣʷ֮У֪ٹǿЩޣ޽ĸ
򵥵Ϣ֮˱̳ħȥֻǺ֮ǰȣ֮жһ롣
ʦ֣ѵôŹСӲɣǰͰٻڵһ뿪ĳ룬һʵ
㱻һˣʧȻԸϣȴòϣս֮ϣǧҶߵĵӣҲΨҶܹʤѡ
СӵһᣬӻҲ޿κΣħˣҾͲӻΪһɢޣǧҶڣҶһЦ
ʦӢæ
СӻЩôǵõѪ˵ʱעⶢȥҲˡҶϿڵ
ǣ
ͷĿ⿴ķЦСӣƣ䵽Ҫܣ
ٻڵĶ飬ٶԱȳһ˿˲٣һ·֮ϼûʲôޣҲ֣޵ǶǲΧλϸߣǺߵĴڣЩǿϸޣ޸ǡЩɢðߣԶԶܿ˰ٻһˣҿ
һĸ·ħǰ
Ϣһ£ٽȥǰľ޴ɽ룬ɫҲǱ
Ȼħ뻹ʮ·̣˿̵ѾܹһЩħԳټЩԳͨīɸ߰ҲǲСˡ
ӣᶯϣշһЩʦáԵĳ
һᾡġ˵ͷ
״Ҳٶ˵һɱĻҪԼϾһɱ˭˵˰ˡ
Ϣһ֮һ˵Ĵ֮£̤ħ롣
ħ벻ħԳľ۾ӵأ˸ոսħͷħԳֻּĿյ֮ϣֻħԳĴߣƺѲӡ
𾪶ǣħԳȻȲޣҲ޷˵ȴΪŽȺ֮һһһֻħԳȣħԳͻ̵ʱϵҪ֡ԶֻħԳ˵
ȻǵʵҪնɱֻħԳʮֵɣΪεж˻ʮֵСġ
ϧˣ뿴ԶֻħԳһ˿ʧ֮ɫ˳նɱħԳھܵõħԳľѪˡ
һ·ǰУٷɢħԳˣҲɵıܿЩħԳûбǷ֡
ЩħԳǵսޣȻܴκη濴ǶѰҰû̫𡣡һ·Ҳ֣ЩħԳкܴȷе˵ħԳޡ
ħԳһ޼սǵȴֻǱҰ΢õ㣬һЩϵļأħԳ֮⣬ΪǵѪͨ޲ͬǵʵѪڵ
ѰޣҪôҩʵҪôʵߺһԪħԳȴͬ켶սһ꣬˾صս˵ħԳӦֻͣ޲ΣϧƺҩʵҲΪħԳһ壬ǿҲԳһεϸս
Ѫ𣿡
üͷһħҪνħ֮壬νħ֮壬ҪħԳľѪпܴɡ
ħԳѪӦúħ֮壬Щϵǲ֪еʲôܡԺһͷ
ȻЩ²⣬ȴû취֤ʵλǰµļز֪࣬ҲǼΪޡ
ħԳѪأǿҵ㾫Ѫоһ¡Цŵ
˻һһԵ˶һ׳յӿ
ӣȰòҪħԳѪע⣬ħԳľѪϸҲֵסǾѪеĿæ˵
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ɫ΢䣬ħԳľѪ֪Ҳֻ֪࣬ѪǴħ֮ı֮ȴû뵽ħԳľѪ˿ֲϸ߶ס
ֹˣҲвʦħԳľѪ뵤ҩ֮Уҩը¯ҳɹµҩߣͬǱ˲²⣬ǿ񱩵Ǽ߶δصֵס̾
⻰벻һħԳľѪȻֲˣȴǴĳԤϣλǰµִ֮ɣ
룬λǰûбҪƭˣϾۼ˶Էǿ
ħԳľѪô£ҩĲ֮ѡЦ
㿴ħԳľѪ¾ͲôˡҶһЦ
ҶϵĻ벢û⣬ħԳ˽ʵ̫٣͵İٻںǧҶڵľӢȣ֪ļΪޣ콣壬ܼЩء
ħԳǾѪħ֮壬֮ǰô򵥰һ˿֮ɫ
ħ֮壬Ȼλǰ˵ô򵥣ѾҲûʲôηģƴһ£ǹһ


142 
һ·֮ϣ˶СǰУκħԳԽԽ࣬ҪȫܿѾܡ
ھѪĵطԽԽػ⸽ħԳҲԽԽ࣬Ҫ׵ıܿǲ̫ʵһ֣ȫ֣һɱ⾪ԳԶѲӵħԳ˵
˻һԵҶ˶ǵ˵ͷ
ڳ֮УҲֻ˲оԵʵһɱ켶ħԳһ㣬ǳҲδ
ಡಡ
һ˷ٵּ䴩С
𡫡
ͻȻһŭԶֻħԳ˳һˣʱŭĳɱ˹
֣
״̵ͺȵ
ݡݡ
˲䣬Ӱ˲ɱħԳ
ֵҶˣϸţƵǿߣһ֮£켶ħԳֵܵ˲䣬ͱնɱ
ϸߣһ֣նɱֻħԳвпѡȫ֣Ҳδܹɡ
ߣ뿪
ӣһ£ռһħԳľѪ뿪ڵ
ǰĿľħԳľѪĻᣬȻŹ
ӣħԳľѪ
ӸոտڣȴһԵҶϣȻǾȥɣ
ħԳľѪһЩе̵֪ѪΪŹ֣ûκôҶϿҪʹħԳľѪǸΪ
⻰üҲٶ˵ȴֻǵȻһЦһħԳʬԣ׼ƿʼռħԳľѪ
⡭ħԳľѪȻǰɫġüͷһռħԳѪɫ΢䣬ħԳľѪԺ޵ľѪͬǸƿҲܸоǾѪ֮һɱϢ
ѹҶ˵ħԳľѪҩⲻܻʲôױ˿Ҳ׹Ϊʲô˵ħԳѪҩʱҶϵΪʲôǰ顣
ħԳľѪԽǹŹ֣֤ħ֮Ĳħǿ󡣡һâ
ħԳľѪ϶ʲôܣܣǵָ֪оܳɹػԪ磬ܿʵ֡
ɿպħԳľѪһ˺ܿٴγ
һ·ϣ˼ħԳɽȻЩħԳľѪռ
ʦ֣ռôྫѪҪߵ
˭֪أᵽ˵طǿŵСӣˡҶЦ
ף
ߵ˻һЦ
һ˼ǰ˰ʱңǵԤĵص㡣
ѪĵطǰĿյأ˵
˳Ŀ⿴ȥǰһĿյأħĵطǲͬΪҪǣһƬ֮УżͰĹľӭ糤һѪɫӡ
Ѫᣡ
ԪҩȻһ۾ϳֻǴµɨЩѪᣬ˵ҲϰٿţѹðǰһʲСĲƸ
ѪȻ󣬵ҲôõõİĿ⿴һԣֻɵĿյ֮ϣȻʮֻħԳЩԳԶѾ꣬ߵĴڡ
ǿӦһֻ
ĿǾԳϣֻԳѰħԳɢһɱϢǸɣҲܸܵħԳǿ
ħԳһ廹أǰҼֻѪܴﵽֲεޣȴָипѡ
صޣ֪Ĳ٣ԶĲ˵˵ɽһɳҲǼΪֲĴڣɽɳ̫ˣħԳȴǴӳ켶ޡ
ԳһֱػֻӲˣԶǾ޴ĹԳɫǱ
ѪħԳһʮҪÿγ죬ħԳԳһػ֮ǰѾĴ㡣
Ӳü˿ӣӲǵʤܵͣѡ˳
ʮͷؼħԳһɱЩֵܹģԳסҲһȻõԳľѪҲɵƴ
֮ʤȷܵͣʤȴ͡΢΢һЦţжһö
ǡ
һöڵľԲƵԳҲƵֻҪסԳ΢΢һЦٶ˵
Ȼ
ɫһ䣬Ȼ֪ɱϵҪҲû뵽Ȼȱıﶼó
˴ԳȻ¡뵭Ȼ
ղŲ֪˭µĲֱˣһҶЦ
ˣ׼ְɣһסԳҪܵħԳΪ˭Ҳ֪Գʲôƿ󷨡˰֮ǰƻжҶϣڵ
ಡ
һ̣ĵӰ˲䳯Գȥӳ˲䣬ԳҲˡ
𡫡
ػѪħԳΪģڷ˵ʱԳŭһ˫͵һ̤棬͵һԾһ̣αֱӷԾɡ
䡫
һ죬ضǻζ
ţ
ɵľ룬˲䱻׼һһ̣һâһ̣һǿɢ˲סԳ
֣
ԳסɲǣһԶ֮еİٻڵ̳˳ȥ
𡫺𡫡
ʱЩ켶ħԳҲǷӦһŭŭ˳ȥʣµǳųɱ˹ȥ
ȻܹסԳã˭Ҳûаգ˲뿪̫ԶֻǣסԱߵħԳ
˸סЩħԳٻڵĵǸժѪᣬյսһš
ģҾ֪ǧҶڵ⼸һûģ
ۿֻħԳԼķɱɫʱ֮ǰֵʱǧҶڵĵӾ͸ߣѾЩһûģȻһħԳɱЩһ͹ħԳķɱ
ңҵҪ˭˭
һЦһ㣬ѾƵٶԶǧҶڵĵӣЩħԳûͱ룬ԽԽħԳ׷ɱǧҶڵĵӡ
ʦ֣ң
ֻħԳΧͻȻȣԸһֻħԳѾļޣֻ޷ֵ
ǷôˣȻ¶첻áҶϵɫѿ˼㣬ǧҶڼ֣Ȼûκε˳롣
СӣҵģҶһɱһ㣬Ҫ뿪
Ҷӣ뿪ݹҲ֮ǰԼͻȻ
ģ
ҶɫһԪȫ߶һ̣гһһĽⱬ׷ɱߵħԳֱնɱ
顫
ڴʱһϸ΢Ȼ
ãˣ˵һͷ
ôô죬Ųʮʱ䰡
ɫ䣬ǳ֣Գƿ󷨣ǰ󲻵ʮʱ䣬Ҳδ̫һЩ


143 սԳ
ʮʱ䣬˵̲̣˵Ȼǲģ˵ˣǸժѪĵӣҲǸոն֣ʮ֮һѪᶼû֡
ͻıҶϵɫʱһ䣬ӣ㲻˵ܹסԳʮϢʱôڲʮϢʱˣ
Ҳ֪ô¡ɫͬޱȵѿܲûͬԤ֮еǰסԳ̫ã̶ʮʱ䣬ȫ
ԳϾҪˣס
ҶһʣȴҲ޷̾ҪʧЧһʧЧǾͱ뵲סԳΪȡ˵ʱ䣬Գŭǻӵĵֻһ߲ʧôྫӢӣǻصҲ϶ܵ𷣡
󣡡
һ˲䰴֮ǰԤλȫͷųԼĵƣֽȻͬĵƽϣɲ֮䣬ΪĵķԲʮɶһɿֲѹ֣Щ켶ħԳƶʮֵѣΨս֮е˷·ûյ˿ӡ
սЩŵĵ̻񣬿ɲǵǼӿɱȣսǵֻƵ׳ͻƲϢӳܸ޷ȡ˲ս׼סԳǰһ⡣
սֶҪϲܷӳܣǰĳ벻ɢޣս˽Ĳ̫࣬սҲ޷ʹá
˲ǣЩ켶ħԳȻսѹƣ˵ѹǶȻӴ١
䡫
ڴʱһ촫µ˲ըһ޴ĺӰ˵ǰ
ǡԳô
Ǿ޴ĺӰ벻һǰԳ֮ǰԳȫģǰԩһְɫĻϵϢҲǸӵǿ󣬴ıϢУܹܵһּΣյĸо
ãԳȼԼѪ֮һĻɫҲһߣǳ־סԳȴôҲû뵽ոձסԳȻóƴļơ
Ѫֱƴ˵ǵʵҲκβԳ㶼ûΣƴƨ
һĻҶҲǾһǧ㣬û㵽Գһʼóƴļ
пЦѣôʱѾɲѡԳһʱ͸ܵǿѹ
࡭ɫԳŭһ޴ɱķ
Ѱ켶ħԳǲ˵ģ̤ϸԳȴһЩǣҲǺͺ޲࣬Щ滹硣
͡͡
޴ԳۻӶ·һ˫󴸲ϵĺдһ̶ǱǿֲѹѹƣҲܸܵ˫̺ĿֲѰϸֻ¶Եֵ
ԳĻӶ˫ۣĺгҲǲϵı仯סԳĹȫǾһƴĵḶ́սһ˾ԲӲֲӲԳĹҲʮֵĳ
ѹˣ
֮Ƹоޱȵ񣬺ܿ͸о˽ɵѹࡣ
˵ΪֲֻѰϸصҲô̵ʱ亳սԳʵֻѾﵽϸصĲˡҲǾȲѣҪ֪ħԳǲģǵȫѪɱҲǿϸصԳȻ˲䱬ϸصʵҲδֲ̫һЩ
ԳʵͻȻǿӦúǰɫĻйأӦþħԳһڡһ㣬ܿϮħԳһͬʱĿ⿴Գķ
ǰɫĻ棬ӵмǿƻкǿķҶϵ˷һֱԳֻ¼ǳǳѪ۶ѡ
Գһ͹֮£˵ɫҲǱЩ԰άսѹԳҪסԳĹļǵʵȫ֮£Ҳܼ̫á
׼ˡ
˻вһݣ֮ǰԼõģ´ﳷ˵֮˱Ϣ֮䳷ս޷ģǾֻˡ
Գʵ̫ǿˣ̤ϸأ򼸺ܵõľѪ̾һԭûռһЩԳľѪڿǲˣԳʵʵ̫ǿ֣ҲֻǿסѣЩǳǳѪۣ㲻ơ
ţЩһĲڳһ˵ǰħԳ㰴֮ǰԤ·߳˵ʱͻȻӰķǧҶڵһˡ
ȻҾͳȫǣ
һЦһ̣һ㣬˲ֻħԳʵͬʱֻħԳѾǼޡ
ݡݡ
ֻħԳʹŭ𣬳ų񱼶
СɣȻֻħԳȻԼֻħԳǧҶһҲɵˡ
ԼǸã
ֻħԳֱӳǧҶڵķȥ
С
ʲôǰҶʦַԸľУ᳷ˣԳ֣ʱ˭ҲȲ
һ˽֮ˣ
ǧҶڵŹԳɱڳǰСӣ㲻ȥġ
˺ὣڳǰ׷ɱֻħԳ
ƾǣһЦ
ҳǿסƬ̻ܰ쵽ġȴһŵͳ뽻ֹȻʵԲǶֻ֣֣³Ƭ̣ϻġ
ɱ
һ̣ͬʱ֣޴Ľ⳯ųϮȥ
ҹ
ͺһгһһɲ֮䣬ǽɵĵֵ
ôܣôôǿ߶ʱɵˣ֣ȻסһУôҲصΪѰ
ǡơ
ڴʱһǿѹ˵ɫʱһ䣬
ڴ˿̣һ㣬Ѿӳ˲ܿ׷ɱֻħԳǧҶڵȴǱֻħԳΪһʵʵڡ

ֻħԳΧס˵ɫʱ԰ǿɲǳ룬һֻħԳһֻӦֻǶֻӣʱҪˣ˭ǡ
ˡ
ͬʱյһĲһ̣һɿֲϢ
սˣ
ͷֻѾսԳûսѹƣʵ֮ս֮лҪǿ
࡭
Գŭ
ݡ
ڴʱһ׹ԳϣŭԳŭһҶϵķ

ԳŭһɱҶϡ
һﵽһĻüͷһɲҶϻԼðסԳΪȡʱ䡣
á
ڴʱɫȴ͵һ䣬ΪҶϾȻǳķ
ģ˵סԳ뺦ҡзŭѣȴ֪˿ҪģԳ׷ϣɾûˡ
ಡ
ϰɵľ룬ϸΪȫ񱼣գ֮ɸϵոӳʮɣҶѾߡ
ҶϵˣˣҶϵڳ
࡭ѪͻȻһŭ
¡¡
ͬʱһХһɿֲѹ˲佫Ҷֽȥ


144 
ô
Ҷϸû뵽Գʱ֣ȥ
Ҫһˡ
ܵϮĹ벻Цʵ޷ֵסԳôǿһΨһıϸ
һԳҵĿ㣬ЩѪռġҶЦμʧû뵽Գ˳ϵħԳѪֱӶֺɱ룬Ҳ۽ȥ
ħԳһȻǲߣϾϹʱھʹĹޣܵͬ徫ѪĲԳβŭЩ಻ɱѪᣬɱռѪŭԳһʱ֣û˿顣
ƣ
Ҷһɲ֮䣬һ޴ĽӭԳ˫ۡ
顫
һ𣬰һֲľ죬һεĳɢ޴óڵѪһӿ˿˺üסΡ
ಡ
˵ģһӰҶϵڳĶ
˿̵ҶҲ۵Ҫһѳ룬Գֱɱ˭뵽ԳҲɱˣ֮£ֻܶñסԩΪԼȡʱߡΪ˶Ըһߣ˷һöնɱϸߵ֪ˣ粻ֱɱ˳ɡ
ǿδأ΢΢һЦ
ţҶҪ䣬ͻȻеһٵƿвЦǵɱ㱻Գ׷ϣΪ㻹ܻߣȻ͵Ϯң
ݡ
ҶϳһһĽӭϮĹ
ꡫ
ȻҶϵԤϣǼٵƿȻûжǱһһ飬һѪըŪһͷ
ѪһѪҶϲһҪڣȴͻȻ뵽ʲôƵãɫ͵һ䣬˫ĿѣŭħԳľѪ
ԳΪʲôҪɱ룬ΪӦ˳ϵľѪ𣬶˿̱ħԳѪһԱȳϵľѪҪ޴
𡫡
ƺӡ֤ҶϵĻ׷ɱԳŭһʯĥСѪɫ˫ͫĶҶϡ

ԳŭţƵɱҶϡ
Գ֮ɱңҲԳɱҶϵԳһЦ㣬ǳһȥ
⡭
ԶһĻ˺ʣµǧҶڵӣɵˣ֮ǰԳǳ벻ɱ˿̾Ȼ׷ɱҶȥˣһжΪһƿѪԵʡ
úݡ˪ü
ȷȻҶϵնԳҲֻüһʼǶԳӡͲôã˿̳ȻݺҶȻǲ
ˣһʼǧҶҳӵ鷳ҲҶԼȥġ
⻰˲ĬһȻֻ֮ǧҶڹҶϣһɢޣȻҶϡ
ʦ㣬ô죬ѵҶڵ
Գܹġҡҡͷ
˿̵ԳҶѾ˱ɱ֮ģѣƴǰٻ
ӣһҪȾҶʦ֣Сүıܣһ飬϶ưոݵġæ
֮ǰ˱Գٻڵǣ˿ۼҶϱ׷ɱҶˣǻȥֻҲһΨһܾǵҲֻаٻڵļˡ
裬ֻǺĹϵԳöԸȻԹۣϧӦףҲȲҶӡ
ԳŭֻҪ˶ãħħԳʱϸ۷Ҳ˱ᡣ
ԣǧҶһɫǱޱȵѿҶˣҲˣ
ģȥҿ϶ᱻԳɱġҶϵɫޱȵѿȼѪ֮Գϸصߣϸ۷߿ԿġȻöһĴҲһ
ӣңҶһ֮ɫƾһˣԳĶ֣Ψһİ취ǰѰٻڵˮǳ룬ҲûħԳľѪֻܰԳ˵ĵطȥ
뵽ҶҲԥ㣬ڵԪ߶£һΣ˲䳯ӵ˵ķȥ
ʦ㣬ˣҶӳˡҶͻȻԼ˵ķһʱͷˣɫʱ䡣
ԣɫҲֻһз̫ͻȻӳ뽫ѪӵҶϣҶϳǰ󲻹ʮʱ䣬ڵһʱѡߣҲᱻҶ׷ϡϸ߻ߣЩ쾳ʦã϶һˡ
Ƕȴʦ÷뿪Ϻ󡣡ɫһãܿ˾
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ȻûԳ׷ɱҲܣͨħԳ·ܵʲô̼׷׿ʼ׷ɱǷ֮һٶϼΪóܱ
ʲô˼ɫһɱһԲϣ̶ֵ˼
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ֶһԵƷ汦ǿʹõģֻÿʹöҪעԪ߶Ҫʱ䣬ʵսô󡣲汦ϣ汦ȫӳһնɱϸ߶¡
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ȥɣ
Ҷŭһеıۻһףʱһ޴Ľ⳯Գȥ
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Գۺһ𣬰һը죬һε𵴿ԲֱӱΪƽءЩܿħԳڵҲǱֱɳȥ˲ᡣ


145 ݱ¶
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汦Ȼǿ󣬵ȱҲʮֵԣʵսޣÿʹöҪԪ߶ҶĿǰ״ڴ߶һ汦
һ֮£ۻ汦ܶʱȥصҶϵУʱɫҲǱò԰֮ǰ߶汦ʣԪգ˿̵ֻѰ߶Ƕ֡
ȻĴ۲СһҲֵˡ
ۻı֮֮ǰΧԳʱ᲻ãֻвʱ򣬲Żʹá
ǳԭСӡҶһɱ
ǳԭħԳľѪϣôᱻԳ׷ɱ˷Լıƣ˴ˡ
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ڴʱǳĿյͻȻһŭ𣬽ŵըһ޴δӵص׳˳֮ǰԳ
ʲôȻûۻȫ߶ȫϸߵȫһȻɱǾ޴ΣҶϵɫʱһ䡣
ǰԳҲϸصʵȻܵסۻһһĻҶϵԤϡ
ֻҶϣ˵ɫҲЩÿǿԳϵ֮ȴһ
ֻԩֱϣһɼǵĽۣɫѪϵʣȾԳ壬ϵİɫҲѾʧһϸСѪۣȻ˫ϵأҲᡣ
ԳˣһĻҲһЩϸڣҲԳǵвԳˣȻ
࡭ˡϵ˿ڴ̼Գŭš
ԳŭôһɫѪѪӿϵתϵƣȻۿɼٶڲϵĻָţ˫ϵľ޴˿ڣҲڲϵĻָš
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Ѫ𣿡üͷ΢壬а
Ҷӣô죿һԳǿĻָֻҪƬ̾ͻָʱЩεֵסԳͷӵħԳ
ӣҵıѾˣǲҲñʾһ¡ҶɫһãƬ̺ſڵ
ҶӣҵݿɱȲ㣬汦κβԳжնɱһЦ
ȷбıɲ汦һԵƷҲͺҶ֮ǰ汦࣬Ҷϵ汦κβԳôܽı˷
Ҷɫޱȣۻ汦ǿıֶΣⶼκβԳʲô취

Ҷ
ȻˣҶӣǾʹ˷ֱɡڵ
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һ˵İ㱻Գ׷ϣҲֵܵһϣǷֿԳ϶׷ɱҶϣΣվͱȫˡ
ҶһҪô˵Ҳû취ôҲһΣһϣþۺɢڵ
ááҶЦʹñۻ汦ڵԪĴ˿̸ûвˣҪǿиˣԷ϶ɱǣʱƵħԳϡǧҶǿҲ󿤵ţںδκˣ
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ʱҶʵʮһԳ˽һԲ֮ϴɵƣ
ԭɣ
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Ҷɫ䣬ǧҶҲǶˣڵţҲû쾳ʱ򣬸ԶԶ硣
СӵðģҶɫһãȴڷٵ˼š
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Ȼڰٻ֮ƣٻڶϵģȴֻлһˣӣǿǺͻһ
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һۣҡҡͷţԳ֮Ѱµӣ˭ʹﵽΪ˫ͬޣʵصߣѾȲŵ˸ǿȫ
룿ҶüͷһǺߣȻǵһ˵Ӱٻڵ̬ȴܿӦǺߡ
ûӦðţͱΪ͸򣬵ȷȻˣǾȥɡҶеɱٴӿ
һ֣ɱ
ҶϵͺһǧҶһ˲ɱ˳롣
šɱǧҶһˣɫ΢䣬һҶ壬ǧҶڵӣҲΣա
ݡݡ
һĽ⳯űȥЩǧҶڵĵȻǳĶ֣ҶȴѹƳ롣
ЩǧҶڵĵӻǲҪΧǧҶһˣɫޱȵѿ
ǧҶںаԵֲǡҪڣɫȴ͵һ䣬ߣ
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ãԳ
ŭɱĳҶϵɫҲ͵һ䣬Գ˭ס


146 
ԳȻָϢȴǱ֮֮ǰ࣬ȼհѪ֮ǰʵȻָƣԳĴҲСˣҲҶ֮˺ͳЩ߿Կġ
ҶϲȾԳѪ֮ǰԳ˵ħԳһǲߣ˻ϵõģ˿ôܷŹ

Գŭ𣬾޴񱼣첽ѾǿԽʮɣٵĳҶϵɱķɱ
ӣ
Ҷϼ״ﻹ˵üΧɱ룬һԳ׷ϣǶҶһ¼öٻָԪĵҩһԪϵԪĻָԪľ͸˺С˿̣Ҳǹ˲ô࣬ԪĴӵùԳ׷ɱ
ݡݡ
ҶһӣЩǧҶڵĵ£һٵĳҶϵķȥ
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ܵٶľ磬ЦȻԳϸսħԳֻǿǿѪսһȭȭܶԸһ߻УԸȴЩ
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ԳŭһʱЩ켶ħԳ·õһ㣬ų߷׷ȥԳȴǳҶߵķ׷˹ȥ
ȳ룬ҶȾ˹ԳѪնɱߣȻԳɱĸء
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ԳһԾһΣͬڵ˲ԽɣɿĳҶ׷ɱȥ
ģô׷ˣҶϸܵԽԽǹǿϢɫޱȵѿ
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ЩߣǿҲضѣЩص߶׼ͻϸ˭Ҳ׷˭ҶϵЩߣȥסϸԳҪ֪֮ǰλϸ߿ɶκβԳԳǲ
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ȻǧҶڵĵӶǷŭѣ޲Ҷȥȴ֪Ҷ˵ʵˣ˵ԼǵѶɡŭܹܵġ
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һ̣һǧҶڵĵӷ׷ȼʩչطʵأսǵʵΨˣлסԳĵУһԵģǸ֧Ų˶á

켶Գŭû˿ͣµ˼Ӷ˫ۺɱȥ
䡫䡫
зǧҶˣ˲Գɱһ

һ·񱼣ܿ˦׷ɱħԳΪ֮ǰɱѾħԳһ·˲ĹԳ
ԳѾǧҶڵɱˡԶһ죬֪ʱԳѾ׷ǧҶڵһˡ
ƺЩԾɱĶȴü
˵ҶϵʵԶȫʢֻǣɺôҲϸߣɱĶҲδ̫Сһ㡣
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˵ףҲҶӰˡ
һ죬űŭ𴫿һǧҶڵĵӽ䡣
ôߵħԳԽԽࣿһ·ӴܣĢԳԽԽ࣬ܿǲӿħԳȥֻҪ˶ûᱻסֻħԳǿ֧ţʮϰֻεֵ
ܳȥȻˡԽԽħԳæıߵķ
ı䷽ЩħԳȴǽ׷ᣬû˿˼

̫ˣһûٻһŮ̾һ
ԳɱѾûˣǰ󲻵Ϣʱ䣬ǧҶڵĵӣȫ䣬ûһ
ǵʵ¶ϺӦϵĽҶϣҪߣҲôɡ
Գ׷ɱҶϣЩ켶ħԳ׷ɱȥˣ׷ɱǵħԳ٣λϸһ·ϵҲ̫Σա
ȻͬǧҶڵĵӣȴ֪ղŲǿкҶϷֿǴ˿̣ȥľˣ


147 Ѫ
ּյأԲһƬǽ壬ѪͶϱۣǧҶڵһȫ䣬ûһȫʬ
ȻǧҶڵĵȫˣԳҲܣǧҶڵȫƴһսĹԳҲ˺ۣȻ֮ǰۻ汦˵ǰأȻҲܡ
࡭ȫ
ԳŭţԳҲûܹصƣˣԳҲǱɱġ
䡫䡫
ԳŭţβϵԾ𣬳Ҷߵķ׷ɱȥ

ǷȻֻôʱ䡣
ɱĶûˣҶϵɫҲǱѿϢʱ䣬Ҳǿ񱼳ʮѣԳٶȣܿ׷ϣ޷ӳħ롣
ЩﵹҲûãȡһЩʱ䣬ڵԪѾָɣԳҲһս֮Ҷüͷһ㣬ٶ˿ĳħȥ
һ·֮ϣҲٸħԳ֮ǰɱĶѾǾħħԳԴԴĹԳȻЩħԳֻ켶޷ҶʲôвǱܿնɱһЩʱ䡣
ݡ
һֻħԳֱӱҶնɱȴû˿ͣµ˼
뾡켫ħ룬ԳǿֻҪ뿪ħ룬ҾͰȫˡҶа
ʲôޣԼĵ̣ħԳҲһ뿪һƬ򣬾ͲħԳΧԳҲ׷ɱ
һ·񱼣Ҷϵٶ磬Գٶȷʵ죬˫ľڲϵ
ģʮϢʱ䣬ȻֻʣľˡܵǼٶԳҶϵɫޱȵѿԳٶȣԤϵĻҪһЩȥֻʮϢʱ䣬ͻᱻԳ׷ϡ
뵽Ҷһ˿֮£һ̣һһööɢĳܣȻóö֮ϡ
ԭϱۻ汦ʹõģϧۻѾùһΣڵԪ޷߶ڶΡҶ̾һ
汦ʹãնɱϸصߣ£汦Ҫ̫̣ҲûܷסԳôʱ䣬Ҿۻ汦һΣɱԳʱԪľҲӲħ룡
ǿֻסԳ̫˷ѣʱ֪˷ѣҲôȻӲ
ҶϷٿ񱼣ʮϢʱ䣬ӳȻԳȴԽԽֻɵľ롣
һһԳ˴˵ľٵţ֮䣬Ѿʣ°ɵľ롣
ţ
Ҷû˿ԥе˲飬һ̣һâԳֶȥ
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ԩŭһ˲ӿһɫѪ棬һ̣Ѫ滯һ޴ĹԳӰһȭϮİâ
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һ죬󷨺ǽⶼ鿪ȥֲɢԲɶǳΪƽء
ԳҲǾ޴ķ֮£αײ˿ʮɣסΡ
һʩչѪ棬ԳϢԸˣˣһ̺Ĺ޷˵
ԳһԾٴ׷ɱȥ
ԳϢˣٶҲˣܵ׷ԳҶһɫϲ
ԳϢ˵֮ǰĹЧģȻûնɱԳܼԳʵӳħĻɻ
뵽ҶҲ˲ô࣬סһö

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ԶǾ޴ΣɫʱޱȵѿΪ˱ܿħԳһߣ򣬾ȻҶߵķ򣬶Ǿ޴ΣԳ
ģھȥҲˡ׷ɱħԳ϶һ˿Ц
һ·Ӵܣ׷ɱħԳԽԽ࣬ӿ϶ǲܵģֻӲͷƤӡ
ܾˣ˵һܵõԳľѪЦ
Ҳֿ֪ܺܵͣҶʵҲˣȻڼӣȴĺԳķһЩ롣
ɲⳡɱڵʵǶߵĶ֡

ֻʣһöˣ
ҶϵɫѾѿ˼㣬Գһ·֮ϣӲöȴ׷š
Ȼ󣬵Ҳ޵ģģϵҲֻʣһöԳȻ˲ᣬҲùǿлָԪҲ߳ɶѣԳĶ֡
ֻһˡҶɫ任ƺʲôƵá
öҶ֪öԤˣҲɱԳţܹڹؼʱ̱
ҶͻȻͣһ̣һѪüӿ۳һѪǵѪӿ֮ɫޱȵĲ԰
û뵽ҶϾȻһƵ̶ȣȻƵʹÿʮѪӣҶһЦһ̣һţһѪȥţϵƤ·ѪȾһ㣬Ȼʺޱȣ˵ϢҲ͵һѪƤ͸

Ҷ˫Ŀͨ죬һ̣һΣ˲ԳǰгһѪն
һѪֵĽ˲䳯Գȥ
𣡡
ܵѪĿֲԳŭһӶ˫ӭȥ
䡫
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һ֮£ԳҶϾȻƾС
ಡಡ
һһԳŭһٴɱһ
ּأһһԳٵϵɱһһֲľ촫Բɣ˫ս֮£Ϊƽأʯɽ
ɱľ޴󶯾ɫ΢΢һ䣬ɱĶѾ͵ֶԸԳ࣬ҪһЩ
ѾˣôôĶüͷΪ壬޴Ķ˵ҶģҶʵȫˣնɱԳпܡ
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ϵѪʲôȻʵô󣿡ܿͷҶϵѪѾµҶϵʵܹͻȻԳһսĲΣ϶Ѫйء
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һ˲䣬СӵУξͱնɱ׶ֵǿһæ

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һĻ߲ܵһǰ󲻹գۼĹڳеѾʮˡߣУξصߣȻסһ
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ߡɱԮźŷҵ˿϶һʱ䷴ӦĿ϶ǲϵ׷ɱ

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֮ǰɱҲʱĳǿ˸ɴ࣬ȴնɱߣȻʱ䣬ʵ˲С
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һ̣жһöϸã׷ɱϸߣҪȥΨһİ취ɱ˶ԷɱϸߵģҲֻöѡ
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С֣ͬھ⻹
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ͬھҲ̫ԼˡڴʱһӾĶ
ܣôܻţôǿನֵܹġӾϵЦһĳ룬һŵľ


153 սϸ
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ȻҪɱһϸߣ⿿̫ѡŶһۣɼѪ۵Ӿ̾һصƣӾȴûȥϸߵǿߡ
ȻܹϸصһҪնɱϸص߼ǲܵ飬ϸصߣҪնɱҲѡӾϸһصΪֵܶסôǿһЩԤϡ
ûãɱѪһۣҲʹȥġͻȻӾЦ
ԭӾΪನ֮УҪ֪Ϊ˵ֵסǽȼԼԪʩչطǿֵɼˣҲˣһۡ
ϸԪ٣ָϸߵļޣһϸܹİѾǲܹﵽİ߰ˣѾܺϾɱϣһЩ˶ӡߵԪӾٶ꣬ȼԪĸһСģͿ䡣
ɱҵˣˣЦȫʢ֮ʱӾȻǶ֣ʱӾѾˣʵʵδûһս֮
һ֪쾳ϸĲ࣬˵ϸߣҲ߿ɱȣӾһмȻˣʵӲɣһߣܹնɱ
ˡ
֮ܵӿһǿѹ˲Ϯ롣
Уһ˿мȻͬƵ߶ԣȴӾʵΪϵѹƲ٣Ƶܣûʲôá
ƣȻҲ˵ƣۼԼĵƣȻԳûʲôãӾɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ȫʢ֮ʱǣƾΪѹƣĵҲᱻѹƣڣȴ޷ѹƳ룬ֻ˵ڵƵĸϱǿˣҲ޷ѹһߵĵơ
СֹȻЩֶΣѹһ·ϵ߶նɱӾа
;ƵߣһЩŵľӢӣɼЩͨߣͬľ磬ҲԶЩߵĶ֡
Σ뿪Ӿһһ㣬˲仯һӰһ̣ѾǰгһһĽ˳롣
ϸ֮£һ֮ҲԶѰߡܵһ̺֮Ŀֲ߶һ𣬻һ⣬סϮһ

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СֵʵȻôǿӾоޱȡ
ȻˣҲѰ߿ɱȣߺ߿ͬĲΣߣҲնɱߡ
ȻҵĳܷΧ֮ڡһӾʵʵȫܺʹʱӾһսҲؾ
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ɱ
ӾӰһΣһ̣Ѿٴγ˳롣
ಡಡ
˺ܿٴɱһһ첻ըʵ۷ߣӾʵҲǲ˫սĶǲСԲʮɣսನ
ԽɱӾԽľѾȷĽѾǴﵽ˽һԲ֮ΪµǣԷƺҲǼΪǿȫ֣Ҳɵĵֵס֮
ģСֵĸð츳ֻټӾа޲ѣͻȻ֣˵Ȼκβó롣
һɱӾҲǵ˼ޣ˵壬ϼˣȻбѹƵļ
𣿡ܵӾĹ֪࣬Ӿൽ˼ޣȻ֮ǰĽ֣˵ʵ޼Ӿȴ޷ɱɱȥջĿ϶
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û뵽ӾȻҲûб߱ƵزʱǿЦӾȻһЦϸߣߣǶǸ߸ϵĴڣδԼ߶Ը˵ʱ
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ȻϧȼԪǷˡܵӾǿϢԼϢɫ
ȼԪӾʱʵѾǱƽȫʢ֮ʱȻϵӾܹӳʵޣܵӾǿϢȴ˿Ĵ⡣
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ţͻȻӾɫһ䣬һģĿų룬ֻϵ˿ڣڷٵĻָһЩѪѾ̣ɼǵ˿ڣѪҲǴ
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ǿĻָ˵ߣϸߣҲӵУʵȰ벽ϸǿĻָڻ֮⣬˵ڸ棬Щո̤ϸߣûв


154 Ա
ͬԼĻָϵƣѸٵĻָԶԤϣ˵Գ֮£̶̼Ϣʱ䣬ָ
ǿֲѪ˻ָȫԺϸһսкħ֮壬ԤϵĻҪǿ֪ŲոմɹħոЧܽħɹܴﵽʲôΣ
뼸ħԳѪصʵԳϸʵѪﵽԳĲΣĸΪ˵ͬߣԽ׶սԣҲ
ָֻҲûд۵ġܹܵ͸ħѪ֮ƺڼȻֲĻָҪѪ֮ѹֵԳָƺϵѪʧںҶɱ֮Ѿ޷ٵĻָϵơȻԳڵѪ֮Ѿ˼㣬޷ڻָơ
ȻԳӾҲҶϣоâû˿η塣
ҶϿǧҶڵߣϺͿϵУֱڶ࣬һԳԳڵѪ֮ģӾ˿ˣȻȼԪܹѹƳ롣Ԫ޾ģӾҲֻܶʱԼʵѣһԪľɡԭ뱻ȼԪӾѹƣǿĻָΪ˵ģֻҪһƣָܻ
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Ҫ𣿡Ӿģﻹ֪ԷѾǵ˼ޣӾȼԪֻ²Ϣʱ䣬ͻ

ӾŭţеĹԽķһȫɱİΣȻͬԼԪ޽
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С֣ҲԲŹ㣡ӾѾˣ֪ҲԪ޵֮ǰնɱ롣
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δ䣬Ӿ϶ȻӿһǿĲ·ҪǰһƵá
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ģϼһǷ񣬾ȻԱǰǽɽ֣пЦѡ
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ϵԪȻﵽϸĲΣ֮ӾҪǿһЩΪ׵ӣϵԪȴǱȵǼŵֳϣҪǿ١
˿񱩵ӦϸԱġΪӸӦһǿĿüͷ΢΢һ˵
ܹƵϸԱɼΧ֮ڣҲǴˣϾɼǿҲϸߡ
磬㿴ͻȻһӿڵ
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Ӿɫ΢䣬ӾΪӱɱǲ˴ɼʿѰˣ£ҵĸ߲Ҳ֪ġ
Ӿôһӣ츳ϣһļ׵ˣӾôܲŭһɼΧȻη塣ֻڿ
ӾԱˣɫޱȵѿһϸߣǴ޲ԶҲǼΪҪģǿߣȻҵΧɱˡ
ôĵӣɱӵܣȻɱҳϣһԵӣʱŭ
ɼ꣬ȥĵӲ٣켶ѣϸǿߣÿһҶԶޱȵҪӾȻֻϸһصߣӾȴڴɼ
磬Բܾˣ˭ɱҳϣŭ
һԵһȻû˵ϵɱȴû˿ΣһƬҾʵۣ˵һ
ɱôɱѾıԵشӾԱڣѾȥʱֻҪ˲ɵ뿪ɼķΧЩε
ѵˣ´ȥ⺮ɽ㣿ü
ܹôֻ꣬ΪÿһмλϸǿΪҪǣȴɱϵԸ񣬵ҾǲݣҾӪɼϸ׵ҡ
ﻹһ˭֪ң̾һûǼǿңҲѣҲǱɽұѰһ˿
ɱҵˣȻܾʹ˰ݣн˵£ҵҪʲôˣ˴󵨡һЦΪʲôôԸңΪʵ̫ң˵ںɽʱ򣬾ͱʲôǿ޸ɱˣòס
ǣӦɱӿ


155 콣
˵壬벻Ҷһ·񱼣ֱӳɼΧһѰһȫĵطʼ
Ѫ֮ĿֲָϵһЩѾָ˵˫ۣȴûȫĻָ
ö˵ҩ뿪ʼٵҩҩҩѪ֮˫ϵƣҲǷٵĻָ
ʱ󣬵ٴ˫۵ʱϵƣѾָ߰˳ɣԱ֮
ϼһﻹǷҪѪ֮ĿֲָνһҲδܹŻص콣šпһ
˫۶ѣʵֻ¼֮ڣûһս֮ʲôΣգпȥѪ֮Ļֲָô̵ʱָ
ϵȻָˣѪ֮ܵԼѪ֮ȴ̾һָϵƣͨħǿѪ֮׵Ĺ⣬ʱڵѪ֮ͷ·ոմħ֮ʱһ
Ѫ֮ξͲȻѪ֮ľһ´ħ֮塣
Ǵħ֮Ѫ֮ͷ·һֻҪӵĸħ֮㲻⡣
һκӾһսջСҪ˶ã̤ءͬʱӾһɱԼʵҲһȫ˽⣬ǿͻָȫԺϸһصһսɱȻ·磬ŵ̤֮󣬾ĺϸһصɱҲǱ
κɽ֮УȻΣղ٣ջͬ޴󡣡
κɽ֮У벻ɹħ֮壬õһ汦Ҳջ޴ˣκһϸΪ֮

֮󣬷糾͵ĳص콣ţʱ콣Žȣʣʱ䡣
ϻˡ
Ϥʯݣ϶һ˿Ц⡣
ֻʣ¼ʱ䣬չصߣҲǷ׷׳أڽ㳡֮ϣ߶ڱ˴д裬һ̽һ±˴˵ʵͬʱҲΪĴ׼
֣ˣױʱҲʮֵľȡ
ʱ䣬һֱչأҲ룬ԭĳܲٴ֮ǰأϾϿɲûΪչشȵ鷢
ͷĿڰױϣЦŵʱ䣬ĽҲС
İױѾصΪʵ̤콣û⣬һδǰ壬пܡ
֣չʱ䣬ʯǻƺڵ¶档ױ¿һۣ˵
ԣһâͷ֪ˡ
ЩʯǻˣģЩڲ̽Ƿڽ֮ϣ뿪£֪˲࣬ϵΪҲ޷ȷǷ뿪˽塣
㻹ǲģҲãܿҾͻ콣ˡоâڽʱ㻹֣һ̤콣壬ֻ޹˼ɡ

Ϣڵһʱ֪ˡ
ʦ֣ǵϢܿ뿪壬ǰɽǵ˲ûмһӿڵ
ʧʱ䣬ȫ׷飬ϧʱ䶼ڸ·ͺɽ֮УҲûܵ鵽뵽û뿪塣
Ƿ뿪壬Ѿʵͨȣùھ¡㵭
ʦ֣ǡ
һӿڵ
Ȳ콣壬ȻˣϿһֱһءһЦ
ڿ֮еϣϱŴѾصڣȻĵλߣôҲϸΪҪҳ鷳Ǻ׵ġһһڣҲĲκϵС
ʦ֣⾪ϽӴƵƺıʲô
Ѿ֪ǲᡣ㿴˵ߣû϶˵ʲô
ΪҲ֪ıʲôߡҪڽ֮ϰҼ⾪㻹û¡Ц֮λԽԽǬݺʵȻûܹĹؼֻ⾪佣Щ춯

ʱţһת۽ȼ
죬ߣڽ㳡֮ϣǸȣԭδȣǴͬɽǰǰģջȡ㡣
ȵĽûг˵Ԥϣڰ֮ǰѾӵйھʵĳ룬ʲõĶ˹ھֵͬ׵Ļܡ
ʵ֮֮ǰǿ˲٣δ̤֮ءϿڵ
ܹڽȾʵǽ֮ͬӣҲҪɫ٣ֻ˫ͬޣϸ·ɲߡ̾һ
˫ͬޣʵ̫ˣ콣ţ˫ͬ޵߲٣ܹ˫̤ǼȴһҲûС츳ǿҲ˵л̤Ǽ
ڳδ·ϵҲԲ²⣬츳ѾǳǵĲΣҲֻΪ̺ý콣·ѡ
һУ𵱳ֻǣӲΪǾ֮ϣ֮ǿ˲٣̤˽һ֮ߣʮˣױˣѾ˵ƵĲΡŵĺôǶУĳɾ͡
Ļ뵱֮ĳĽ
ڴȽĵڶ죬˱˳롣
룬ν֮ܿͻᵽ콣壬콣ľӼңÿһ콣õӣ콣ŵľӢյ콣壬Ҫˣ⾪ĹϵһҲ㡣Ͽڵ
΢΢ͷ콣ΪĴ󽣹ƿأǬλȻ콣񣬲Ǭ콣ʢαǵ㣬ʵǬ֮£Ҳ콣ڶʵ׷߲٣Ǽĳ϶С
λ齣⾪ͻ佣ԵҪ࣬佣ȴ֪˿صģҲĴ󽣹֮УǸ֮ˡ⾪ȻʵΪڽ֮ж̫ǿڴ飬ҲвͶ׷档
񽣹֮Žβ鷳ȴҪСϡͻȻڵ
ϣһԺһӰ
Ѿصţرʱ콣ִ£һ콣壬ضҪСĴˡϳ
콣ִ£üͷ΢΢һ콣ִ£Ȼ˵λ糤ϣȫȴһϸ֮ϡִΪԣ鷳ǲС
콣ӿʱ𽣷Σղ٣ţֻлţţ˵ţˡϿڵ
΢΢ͷһѾһε˭
λһ˳벻콣עڼ⾪ҲݻһΡ
֮󣬳뿪һĽ壬ǰ콣塣


156 
콣ͽ岻ִͬ࣬רŸ콣ӵճסĶ콣ŵľӢӣһϣ
ȽǼªʯݣ콣ĵӣû˶һլԺǴﵽǸΣԼĹ
ʦܣסʲôҪҡЦ
ʦˡ빰ֵ
ǰȻΪ󣬵էҲд󣬺οҲ׷⾪ߣҲͬһ
޷ʦܣҾȸˡӹ˹֣Ǹ뿪
ȥӣ벻ʼǰլԺ𽣷壬콣ԪԸӵŨ
ƽ콣ϵ߲ܹ̤࣬콣ߣѾǴﵽصΪҪôڱչ׼Ҫôڽȡ׬ȡ֣׼ϸ
콣壬ÿµ֮⣬ԴҪԼ׬ȡ׬ȡԽ࣬õԴҲԽ࣬콣ĵ֮ʵǿ󣬾ΪǲϵɱнȡԴС
벢ûżȡ׬ȡ֣Ҫ˽һϢȻѾ꣬˽ϢȴǼΪޡ
ļ죬˲ٵĹżԺж磬Ҳһŵ硣Ƭ½ϳ½һǿͳһ֮·־Ŀһ˳ǣÿһппгڼ߼콣ţϳ½֮ϲ°ٸ콣ҲںһǿšֻǿŵϺŶѡ
Ӵ֮⣬ϳ½ϻߣ˫һɱϣһϴƣЩ˴֮䣬Ҳûзʲôģɱײߵɱǲ
Ǻǰ˽׽ûʲô̫ķֱ𡣡а
׽¿ԷΪ࣬һռλһռλ׽磬ռռ޿Ƶȴϳ½ȴǵһ˵Ȼ׽Уʲôǿ磬Ҫ֪һЩǿ׽磬ԪҲΪġǴ磬磬ǼΪ׽磬лԪߴƱݽԪ硣
Ȼ粻̫ǿܹ겻лԪ򡣡Ȼ콣ŵĹż֮ûмػԪϢȴԼĲ²⡣
ǼԪҲǧѣ˲ֻ֪꣬Ǽǿͱ߸˲֪ٴΡֻԪ޾ĻԪߣһʵʢ˥ı֤Ҫ֪Ԫ磬ֻлԪʵǲһʵϾֻлԪ߲ǸţͿ޵Ĵȥ
ЩϢأֻЩ̤Ǽĸ߲֪̾һ콣ļȻ٣ܶණһʴ
ϾԪ˵Ƕ콣ĵӣǶЩǼ߶ԣҲ̫ңԶҪ֪ųɾŵǼߣ޷̤Ԫ
Щĵ伮һЩǣҲ˲٣ʱڷĵıһϵǡ
ӡǣƺʲôطƤϵƣ벻΢΢һ㶣һ̣ԺҶǿѪɫơ
ҶǿѪɫƣǰƤϿֻ̻ƤϵֻһͼҲѪɫѡ
ѪѪΪѪѪ̸ʧòꡣ
Ƥϵļأüͷ΢΢һѪ̣⻹һ˵ţȴѾѹδ˵
Ȼ֪Ѫ̵Ҷϵʩչطȴʮǿֻ²ǿεܹӵеطоâǧҶҲǺ콣൱ǵطԳ۽翴ҲΪԲǼεܹġ
طȻǿ󣬲ħȻǲ˲١ҡҡͷû̫£ħֲεط
ƤϹѪ̵ļغ٣ƺ֮ˣѪ̵˽Ҳ̫࣬صҲһЩǸʱһЩǿǼǿߵ£ڻԪϢȻֲֻᡣ
ʱΪȻû˿ϳ½˽⣬ȴԼδĵ·˼˼֮ǰǰͷӬƵõײ

ĴУ붼֮жȹΪҲǴأ̤صĲΣƾϵΪһԾ۷ĲΡڵʵȫѰϸһߣٴӾԷԱҲ޷в
ҪϸǶʱܰ쵽ˡ֮ϣ΢΢˫ۣΪﵽ۷壬Ҳƿʱڣ޷ͻ̤ϸΡ
ҲʱȡһЩһ£ܹƿƿ
ԳڵʵϸһصߣҲԱ֮ǲصԼİȫ⡣
֮ǰӦý¶һˡԭֻǿﵽƷĲΣںɽõϽɰδʹãһϽɰеƷױȻ١
콣òֱӳ۸ֳƷܰ뻨һٿԪõĵӽһ٣ͳԤȴЩ࣬Ͼõӣ͵̤Ԫĳȫûпɱԡ
һװ׼ǰ˵ȡʱһִõĵӣȴ˳롣
Ҫңǰִõӣ벻΢΢һ㶡
ִãȻܲӴͲӴϾ콣ŵУִſɲʲô£һ콣ţͱִˡ
ǵģʦܣȥһˡ˿ڵ
пЦִõܾܾȴʮֵĺ棬Լ
ִõĵӣܿͼ˵йһ֮Ե
ӳ룬빧
ǰǱ׳ҪǿĴڣ϶Էݣɲа
̶һʱ䲻ʵϷӹȻûˡĿɨ룬΢΢˵ͷʵȻܹʲôΪ
̶һʱ䣬زΣ۷壬ٵĽ콣ҲǼΪټġ
ӲǽҶѡǫ
ǲǽңһǿףҲ̫ǫȻ
ʵȻܹϵϢûиȵļҲ˵̤۷壬ǿŵҩ֮
һҲɻɣͻȻ
һ㶣ûжʣǵĻ
ʵһִáڵ
ִã
һִó˼λϺִ£Ѱִõӣƣ콣ϸѡִãʱһЩֻ᳷ִõӵݣһΪ˷ֹ˽ףҲΪõҪִ֪õĵӣǸִͬʱҲ콣ŴҪš
ݵִ֪ãϸߣڲ۷ѡЩĿִÿɲʲô˶ܼģҪϸΪҪĿˡһ˽ףǺɱѰӴŹ滹Ҫء
û˵ڼ룬ֻ֪ͨһԸִã˫ͬ޵⣬ܰһ΢΢Ц
ʲô
ɫһ䣬˫ͬޣĵƣҲ֮·ϰ֮۷޷ͻƣΪ˫ͬ޵ԵʣȻ˫ͬϰѵҲ˫ͬ޵ߣ


157 ׳
˫ͬ޵ߣǰҲǼ٣˫ͬޣܹ˫ͬ޵·ϰﵽ
ǡ
һĿ
Ҳ˫ͬ޵ߣҺһλ˫ͬ޵ֹ߽Щᡣҡҡͷ
˫ͬʵ̫ˣ˵ֵ˫ͬޣֵͬʱͬʱ˴˵ĸ򼸺û̫ĲһЩǿߣĵЩȴǵĸֻѣ˫ͬ޵ߣ˫ǵĸ֮һ
ĻһпЦҲף˫ͬ޵Ѷȣ˫ͬ޵ߣ̤ǼԲֻɾ͡Ҫ֪׷ṳ̂ǼµĻ֮һ򣬶ܰ׳ͻǼɼ׷Էĸжѡһֵɾ̤ǼΡ
˫ͬޣԽСʱ򣬸ԽףͺñһŰֽ湴ҪĶͻõͼҪٹճһѶȫǳʼα
ͬģСʱ򣬲ǼʶԪо޴ƣһֵѾѣο֣˫ͬ޵ߣܹɳĸǷëǡ
֮ĸ򣬻Ҫȥ׳𡣡̾һ
׷㱾Ƿ˫޵ϸ۷ߣµĸȻֻл֮һǷ˫޵ߣ׷µĸҲġ
뿪ִãڶһ磬뿪콣ţǸȥ
һγѡںǷ򣬾Ϊ;ܹغһΣڳңлиġ
ĵһվȴľǣȷе˵ڵ׳ǡ
һǰ׳ǣʱ׳Է࣬ҲϾ׳һλǼǿ򣬿˵׳Ǹûʲôȫ⣬˻ߣҲȻԸﶺ
̶һʱ䣬׼ҾȻԼϸЩϤ׳ǣҲǸпѡ
׳Ϊ׼ǿߣһǰ׼ҷɢ⿤ӵѰأʱ׼ӵܼ٣ٶǺΪ߶ࡣ׳һȫ׼Ѿϸߣû׳׼ҵʵһ˳УҲһˡ
һʱ䣬׼Ҳǿ֦ɢҶӵܶ˲٣׳ǿȻٲЩʸңҺ׼Ҳ˵׳ͶԳйŵȴҴ⣬ǿǼǿߣں
صأ˵ȥյ׸㱻
ң׳ǰ빰ֵ
ԭǳӣ룡Ϊ׵ԣɫһ䣬ù
һҺ׼ҹϵУڳλ콣ŵӵܣ׼Ȼİ
ϣ빫ӵˡųһ
룿Уһԣɫ΢΢һ䣬æվĿ⿴˳ķ򣬳׼⽻һҪͨϵġ
⡭Ȼǻӿʱɫȴ΢΢һ䣬Ȼ޷оϵǱ˴˵Ϊ̫ԵʡҪ֪Ѿ۷ΪŶѵΪѾ
콣ŵĵӣͣȻΪѹһٶҪӵܼЩš׳Ļвпѡ
ӡӿڵ
ϡ빰˹֡
ʱǰЩӣճأʹȥȥӵ
˻Ҳһ֪Ǽǿ߱չض꣬μ׳´ȴǲ֪ҪʲôʱˣɲΪ˵Լͻϸ顣

ϣ뵽׸ıԺ˼Ҳֻǽ˱Ժſڣ˳ȥȻ׼ҵĽأѰû˸ǰ׼׳סĵط
𡫡
һͺһ̣һ޴γ˳ǰ
Сӣ
Ǿ޴ο۳룬дһ˿ȡ
޴Σ׷׳ߣ
޵ԪƾãʵȴǼΪǰߣһ֮ǰûʲô̫ı仯һ۱˳
һ겻Сӽͦ죬ĽࡣĿɨ룬֪ΪʲôڳϾȻܵһ˿صĸоһ壬Ѫ塣
֣࣬ôϸѪ壿ɻҪ֪Ѫ壬ֻ޲ܸܵ׳ҲûѪѹ
ҵĴôѪ֮ҡͷҲû롣
һп󣬳пЦƾõԪ֪ǶĽģϾӵǰԪºܶ߶Ԫ֮ǰͻƣ̤µľ硣
󣬴ɡ
ڴʱһϵһһߵĶ
һԺͿʯԱĿϢ׳һ֮ǰ׳ϵϢ˿ͷ·һͨһ㣬û˿Ĳɢ
ͻȻ׳˫ۣһľâ˳ϣ׳Ŀɨ·һɽѹסǱЩ
׳΢΢ͷջĿ⡣
ǹǿѹʧҲһ׳Ǽǿߣڵû˿ķ֮
̶һʱ䣬̤۷Σ֮껹Ҫǿϲ١׳һ̾
ǰˣǽҶѡæ
׳ÿɷЦЦǰӦΪ׷ǰµĹϸķĸɣ
˵ͷ׷ߵ·һѾ̤ϸ۷壬ܵõĸ򣬶ϸУǲɹġ
׷ǰĸȷҲԽ㣬
ǰʲôҪֻҪܰ쵽һΪæ
ҶûʲôҪ󣬲ϣʱշһ׼Ҷѡ׳ҡҡͷͬ޵ĸ׷ǰҪıĶеıﶼҪҪõݸ򣬱׷ǰһ¡
׷ǰһ£һЩãȻĿ׳
ɣǲ׳ڽ׷Ҫŵ
׷ǰһˣǼǿߣҲԶԶǶ֣Ҫܼ򵥣һʵ㹻ͱ𡣡׳ų룬˵
üͷ΢΢һڵĳ˻ţ
׷Ѿ֪˶꣬ǼߣԪҲǧѣĳˣʹȥ
š׳˵ͷ׷ǰ䲻ʱ䣡
ҴӦˡһ˵ͷĿػԪ磬һǼĵ˶޷̫ţ
׷ǰµĸԼԡ׳һƤ뻳С
ţĿƤ֮ϣɫȴ΢΢һ䣬Ƥ֮ϣ󷨷ӡһѾ֮ϣȴ
֮һĸҲû֪ûǸ׷ǰ𡣡׳һƽ˵
֮·̹׳Ϊ˵õ֪޷׷㱨ۿ򣬺пδ֮·
׳ôҲǼߣȴûУ׷ĳ˵жǿ


158 غ
ǰģȻӦȻΪһڵ
׳˵ͷΪ֪ԼûǸŻۿ֮һĸ򣬷ӰԼУ鷳ɾʹˡ
ʲôҪֱ֣׳ǡ׳𿪿ڵ
ͷл󣬱뿪׸
ȥĳ룬׳𲻽΢΢̾һ׷ǰţ»Ϊͽϧ
׳Լ츳û׷µĸ̤ǼûʲôգȻ׷µı͸ɹ̤ǼǼϵ·⣬ߵ̫Զ޿׷㱨
뿪׳ǣȴʮֵĺ棬׷ĳ˵ʲôˣȻ׳ǼǿߣԿûС
뵽Ҳԥ׷ԡ
׷㣬Уʮ̤죬򣬶ʮϸ
ƤϵļأҲǾȲѣʮ̤쾳ںֻǧ궼ѵóһʮԷ˫̤뿪ϸ츳˵ֻΪš
аʮأ̤ϸ۷壬ΪͻǼĴѪаıĴ󻤷֮һڤ׷ɱѣκαѪħˣӣ·Եˡ
Ƥ֣׷ƽԼ˵ѶϢԣ˵У
Ѫ̣
üͷһѪ̣һμҶеѪͬѪ̵ĶȻѪɽ𣬵ȴд
Ƥᵽ׼ңһâ
Ƥ󲿷֣ἰ׷һң׼ңڸȴûж˵ƺʲô㡣
ѪǹؼڰʵǿͼضСѪ̣Ҳǰ˾衣
Ѫһʵնɱ׷ǿߣʵֻ±콣ŻҪǿϲ١֪ڵѪ̣֮Ѫ̣Էչ¶ʵѾһݶţȫʢ֮ʱѪ̸ǺεȵĿֲ
ЩڵҶԣȴЩ̫ңԶˡЦҡҡͷѪ̵Ļڤ׼ңһܹӴĲΣֻе̤Ǽ֪еһЩؼ

ңأ
һˡǰ·أ૵
ܵһУһ֮ǰûʲô仯ϤһУ·صһ֮ǰʱĳţڣµֻһ·ضѡ
ǷģѾ֪˭·ɱǣһüѪծѪģһɱ
ţɱĸ֮𣬱ԼҲǺüβڼŵУڼţɱ⣡
үˣ
ڴʱԶһϲ
壿ˣ벻ڵ
СչĹ飬Դӳ󣬳ǰǣ콣ţҲûǣңҪǰأһֱڳ˵Ĺǰ
үô˿ҲӾϲ֮лعæ
µһڲ뿪ţҸնȹµڣͻ
˵ͷһ³룬Ǹп֪ڵĳɾ֪ͣöˡ
⻰ҲǳĬƬ̺ǿڵ壬ô
ǽ뿪֮󣬳ҷһЩ˵˳
뿪֮Ϊ׳ĳŵҷչҲΪѸ٣Ȼ׳ǣҲȵǿ˲٣гµĹԪˮͻƷţҸ߲ͻƣȻûԼϸʵұһ֮ǰǿһֹ
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ֻӲˣǰɽڣ̾һɽҪŲܴ򿪣ҪȥֻӲ


161 ϸ似
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162 նϸ
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ȻѹƳ룬Ҫնɱ룬ȴʵǿֲĻָóƾеս֮ڲ֮أʵԶ룬ܹѹԷȥȼ϶ȰԼ
һδײһδν֣罣ϵƣгҲǲǿѾܹɽӲ
ӣɽҲһ㣬ﻹҼɱһΣҪߡ
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163 ּԪ
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ٶԪһϸΪ֮ĶĲƸʮļߣû뵽ȴǱ˳롣
ΪˣɽűˣŽԪԼϣϾôԪϵ߻治ࡣ
εǷˣѹôϲȡСеջ˵ԶֵĽвѣʱҲףΪʲô콣ƽնûжٵߣȫִ
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˵ĺɫʱ䣬Ҫߣһ϶˼ȥʬ塣
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Щȫ󲻹ܻʤɽЩĵˣ³ֻһ
ЩеĲҲóʧʮԪһЩ߳õĵҩжļֵҲͰٿԪˡ
ܱûǿСҲ⣬֮·Ҫ̫ԴɲʲôӵܣԴ˷ѣǰԪ͵ҩȻȲϴɽõĲƸҲһʲСĲƸ
ǡɽһ󣬳һʯҵһƤһȻһϸĹ
ȻϸĹԪˮҪһЩ¿˿ŹҡҡͷŹȲϳҵԪˮҲǿܹϸˡ
ȻòǿõʢϻԼõġһâܿ˼ƽϡ
ϸεĹѾΪĹֵɲѰƷ
ԪҩɽڻвٵڽͽƱҲһûзŹ˵ĲƸչһգ뿪˵ϳɽĵˣʹ˸

һ֮󣬳ǳǡ
ǳǣǰľ޴ǳأһâٵ֮ϣ½½ͨƽգʱǳǣȴǷ˲١
ǳڣǳطΪڳǺǣǾסҪ۵ӺŵӣӢӺŵҪ֣ڳǡ
ʢἴ֪ʢСǰѡһо¼ϡոսǣһߺֻڵӷεߣһ鼮ǰߺȽ
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Ŀǳ۵ҩ֮ϣԺвںɽһˣ֪ΪʲôһֱʢϳֵѪᣬӵ˿϶йء
ر¼ϼ˴ĵҩҩߵĲΣϸεĲ࣬벢û̫⣬ǼõƷҲԶԶе
ô㱦¼Ѿˣ벻ü¼ϼصĶ˵ȷǱǶϸԣȴ㲻ʲôˣ֪ʵޣûܲԶǰǳǣԵʵҪϸߡ
ǡͻȻĿ¼ķ棬Ǻݺһ飬ѹᱦᣡ
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˻һܵ̿˵֮ˣФǿ¼ϼصѪţ벽ϸεߣ


164 ۹
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֪һ㣬ŻѡнףнȻ۸ܱȲУʤڿ죬ֻҪҪߣܳ֡
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ȻֻǿܹеϸĹǾ仰ŹȷϸصĹҲѹֿǰ㼤ϾԪϸصĹ׬ˡ


165 Фս޷
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Фĵƺܹƣһһǿ޷ȻȫӲӡʲô΢΢ü
ţ޷ʵȫܹФĵƵܣӲӣȫԶ̻ʵѹФִ򷨣ܵĿ϶޷
顫
һը죬޷޴˿߲ǿסΡ

޷ЦһһΣȻٴȥ
ѳɣ䶨ˣ޷ФһЦŵĵƣֻ۷似һƣȴԱϸһصܣȫܹϸһ۷ĲΡ
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޷Ȼѹˣ⡭
һĻ߶ɵˣ޷ǱФ磬гĿǰΪʢڣ߶˭Ҳû뵽˿̾ȻФѹơ
޷ȻӻǲСд裬ϸϿš̨ϵ޷ƺ뷨ҲΪ޷Ȼ̨ФѹԼͻϸ
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һ죬޷ֱӱǾ޴ĵĵɳȥݺݵ˵ϡ
һսФʤͬʱԶһǸ޵ϸϡ
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Фֶл
ڴʱǱѵ޷վһ𣬴ЦſŲԶФ
Фһ㶣һ̣޷ͻȻһǿĲܵԪг۹ȥļ󣬲޷תǿѹ
ǡФɫһղǵʤϲ֮ҲǵȻ޴棬޷ȻͻϸȻһεıԣʤˣСǰһ޷ͻϸջȣȫû˿Ŀɱȡ
Ф֣һɲʲôͻƵĺõط޷ЦһһΣʧȺС
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166 սФ
Фˣĳ׵ףɵӣҲ֪ͻϸСǰһȫΡ
Χ۵߷׷ͬĿФһФȴǳɾ޷
޷ɫˣĳɾֻ²͡뿴̨ɫޱѿФҲǸпһ
ͬεѹԼͻƣ޷˵ѾǺФ˲һΣһ̤ϸǾǱˮֱϾ
ȻĽ޷ܹһսͻƣҲ֪ѹȷʽɹĻСֻ˵޷ȷһαͻˣȻƽյĻҲвСĹϵԭǰ벽ϸʱпͻƣһսóͻƵ
ĻıԣҲٶУ˵һսҲвСջЩ֮ϸһ
룬ɸҺһս
ڴʱһͻأԳ
ɫʱԪ˵㻹ҵĶ֣ҪȡҲ
⿪ڽסĲǱˣԪФ޷ıԣΪѪŵĵӣԪôܲϯ÷һԵĳ롣Ϊ֮ǰڵִԪҲûڽ϶Գֵ˼ʱԷޣôܷŹᡣ
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ͻȻһ̨ϴ֮ǰ޷һսФԭ޷һսФоͱһŭʱԪиǴŭݣҲֱӿս롣
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ȻФдˣҲ㡣΢΢һЦӦ
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ǾҿʵǲҲĿһô󣡡ФһЦ
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ФַģԲʧ
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˫ޣ뻹ǲ򵥣Ȼ¼ֻصΪԷ˫޵ʵֻ²κһλ벽ϸߡ
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ʵԳʤȷ࣬ФɲͬФƣȫԸҲŲ˶ʮУ
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Ҳ䣬ҾԲ䣡Фһâ֮ǰ޷һսѾΪЦҪ룬ʲôǳǣ


167 ۷һս
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ս
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룬䶨ˣǿҲԵסФʦֵġԪһŵĿ̨ϵս
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˫ͬޣѵľֵĽϣֵĽϣ˫ͬţп˫ںϣǾ̤˫ͬ޵·Ҫ֪˫ͬ޵ߣʮ֮˾ŶǱ˫֮ϣ˫϶ôںֵĸ
֮ǰչֳʵ츳ȻҲû֮ʱȫڳ룬ҪһЩǳ˫ϣȴΪ֮𺳣һ̤˫ͬ޵·ӣֻ¶Ҫѷɫһ
䡫
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߱һԪӿ˲ע뵽̨ķ֮У鼣̨ȹ
СӣսನȻͻϸһصļ󡣡߿ȹ̨Ҳһһ飬ЩĽߣֻÿһ⣬Сǰһ»ĿҲһ֮޵ĳϣŴϸصΪϸصĳϣ
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һĻΧ۵ﻹףһսʤ


168 ӿ
ǻȥФвһ˿֮ͬģ֮ǰ޷ıԣôСǰһţȻ޷ջ޷ɱȣҲ˵ʲôջûСǴ˿̣ոնСǰһȴ̱˻ˡߣȴǱᣬ츳ĳ룬˴һֻѾħ
˼֮ͬģܿɢȥǿ߲𾴵ģοһФǿ츳ߡ
˲䣬Ŀ̨ϵĳϡ
ʮ꣬ͶСǰһ
ţȣʲô
ʮСǰһӦʮһΰɡ
˭˵ǵһΣϴӵСǰҲʮ꣡
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ôԪһŵĿ̨Фʦ־ȻˣôܣǿܹϸһصߡȻܸ˳룬ǿʲôز
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ħֲεĹҲӲȻʤȴʮֵԶѰǿФǿϸһ۷ȫһֵܹҲ˵ɡ
ϧȴû޷ǰˡ̾һФһսȻЩջ񣬵ƿȴδͻƣ޷һ̤ϸջȴЩ΢ˡ
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ФһսԳʤСǰٴη䣬һڶ̶̰ʱ֮࣬θдСǰʷҲǼΪټһУҲڶʱڴ
һȴͳû̫Ĺϵصջ֮󣬳ǿʼ֮ǰФһսջ

ǳǣһݻլԺ֮У⽹ػš
Ԫôĵӣ֪ФʦѰͻϸĻԵȻǳĶ֣ФʦˣӣһӿԪ
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˶˵䣬ФʦˣǴŵݹҲһһݵĿĿԪˣߵ
˻Ԫǿɫ΢΢һ䣬һ˿ɵ֮ɫǰݿô۵ӣͬСǰţʵФ֮£ɲܹȵġ
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˵䣬ͻȻһӰ˳֮ǰͳ뽻ֵФʱФϵѾָϢӵĻ
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һµʱͻƵϸܳʵѾܶˣ֪ܶߣϸƿʮҲǱȱȽǡܹ֮ڴ۷嵽ϸѾˣϾһǿԽߺߵľ޴࣡
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סºѪûκεĹϵФԪ˵
ԪһҲ׹ոӮФҪʱºѪκε˿˶̻ɵѪѪź콣Ȼоû˺ĵزФȻǲκϽȥ
İɣʦ֣ںҹϵУ˽ϢġԪһЦ

Фһսջ񳹵׵գ΢΢˫ۣһת˲š
ΪȻЩϧǸоϸһ֮̾һһջ񲢲СЩǣϸ·ֿɼȴ޷
ģ˫ͬ޵ѶȣǴ󣬵ͻϸΣѶȲڵʮ֮һһΣΪİ벽Ԫǿߣ쵽ϸѶȣ㡣
ѹ˫ô٣Ԫ磬ҲǼΪټԪ޾ĻԪҲ˵˫޵ߣǸΪѡͻϸѣף׷㵽ǺεȵţȻܹͬ޴ﵽϸ۷Ρ
ᣬ֪һε᲻ҪıһâŴҹգһ˿ڴ

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ԲɳȥһɱͳѾ𣬶ϵĹϵע˲ܻ⣬ǳɳв̫ˡΪҪǣɽ֮£˽ɱģ
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ӵ˵ͷ첽ȥ
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Σ콣ŵΣİңΪҹӣֻҪأ콣ץѱ콣ҲκβֻҪһ콣ŻΪһȥţҹӶ


169 ĸ
ڶһ磬ǳǣʼ
СǰڶǰǳǵҪԭʮһεᣬıҲ˲ٵǿǰ
ǳǵУ볡ҪʮԪѺ𣬲Ҳ赲סЩǰߡ
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ͺñͨĸ֮УϽɰǸƷʣѾԽͨĸȻնͨı
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ҲãȻܹߣ֣ܲòȥļˣҲһϾЩҪƴҪҲܡ
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ԭΪЩһܸһЩ鷳û뵽ЩȻֵûУֱΪߡӿ˳һۣһм
Сӣ̶̼ʱ̤ϸϣǸһЩʱ䣬ֻ콣ֶһӣĿڳϣ˵š
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ֻһλᣡĿƳһԼұۣۻ汦汦õ֮󣬾ʹδʹùҲû֪ϻһ汦
ǰʵһΣȫȼԪ¶ԷҲһնɱۻ汦ΨһĻᡣ
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ŭһһ㣬˲䳯ȥ

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ŭţϸڵԪĴ߶гϵĻ裬һĽӿĵֵǱۻ汦ĺ
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һѪɫޱȵĲ԰
ϸһصΪ߶ۻ汦Щǿۻ汦һǽڵԪȫգɢĳûֵ
汦ܻǿ¡̳ĿյأҲǸпѣ汦Ȼǿ󣬵ȴһܵʱ䣬ҪèϷûлᶯ汦
Ҳ֪ûСֳֳĿǰ
ӵʵ֮ǿģǶԷۻ汦һУҲ˵汦ܹնɱӡϾ汦ֻԵȴһλߡ
С֣ҪʬΡ
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ôûиС汦Ӵ˿ɫЩ԰ףҲǰ޲ѣ֪汦ô˴⡣
콣ŵϼһﻹǿ㣬Ȼһ汦ŲԶĳ룬Цѡ
˻һ׹Ϊϵıۻ汦콣ŵĳ衣Ҳԣһ汦ֵǻƷ֮ϣ˵ǳ룬ϸصߣȫۣҲδܹ𡣺οӿۼͻϸҲ˵ϵ汦ξϣ콣ţʵ벻ʲôԭһӵ汦
֪ϵ汦ɱҶϵõģҲֺ벻һ㣬һӵ汦ϸߣҲ벻ڳС
ȥɣһЦгһݺݵ˳롣
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С㣬һе˽ˡЦһΣһ˳ǰ
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ƺģҲǳ׵һףǼðģƺԽãʶƵĿܾԽ󡣶һƺݵϢ΢й¶ȥһЩ̾ͻᱻʶơ
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İɣ֮ұ֤֪ҵ飬ҲòҪй֪𣿡
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ΪѪҲ˵ڤɽŵӦЩǼΪص£Ͳ֪οܵõڤĴͱֻݲ򵥣֪ݱ¶ƺ϶ҲùϾӦ飬֪Խ࣬Խȫ
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콣ŵ飬ҾԲй¶֡ƺٴε
˵ͷ콣ŵռ鱨ֻҪ̸Ҳٲһݹ͡
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ʲôˣôᣬһĻɫҲһ䣬ôҲû뵽ղŻмӣηѵƺת˲ʶݣһֱһ̣ƺɫ仯˲䣬ƵĳѾ͵ش̳
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Һܺ棬ôʶҵĻԵģ뿴ǰƺʵ
ΪһߵɢޣԼղһжʮֵȫ˳ƺĻȥһʼƺҲȷǱƭˣȴͻȻǲ⣬Լ׳
ʹڣ̵֪ʷţЦƺһмĿų롣
Ѫ̵ĿĲǸţһ˿֪ƺôʶĻˣһּյĿĶ֪ôĳԱ
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Ѫ̵ĿģһжѪ̸ת밵УǿȴҽšΪһ֣ȻܵҵĻ
Ҳƭ˵ţѾ뵽ˡƺڵ
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һ죬ͬߵķһ㣬ֱӺɳȥǰһѵ
ۡ
һѪڵϣ֪
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ڴʱǵѾȥĳͻȻˣƺķһЦ
㡭ôܡšһĻƺһĲţһϸصҲδصסҪ֪֮ǰѾ˲ᣬԪĴֻص𶼲磬ֵܵסһ
ƺĿĶųؿڣؿڵλ԰ȥ˵ڸӦ飬ôܻţ
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ȥƺ볹׵һƺһһ㣬Ľڸ飬ѪĿֲָȻˡǰĹȫϣڸҲǱˣƺ౻ܵԪޣܻ
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ÿһεʢ֮󣬶һЩɱⱾʮ֮䣬ɱ˶ᱦǳе飬ܹģҲάǳڵİȫǿңҲֻǱ֤ڿڲɱ˶ᱦ顣
֮ǰ󲨶ӦѾﵽϸصĲΣʲôˣȻﶯ֣ĸ
ΪԽߣɱ˶ᱦĿԽСϾܹϵı̫ˣʢ˵ʢᣬܹǿȴޣϸزεɱǳǸȴǼΪټġ
ɽѰһεɽʼڵ״̬ʺϼ·ֻ²ͻᱻɱˡһ˵ϸߣڲߺУǿһ⡣
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Գ㱻ҶɱǰصƣѪָ֮ȻΪѪ֮ģָƣȴ֪֪ԳϢһʱ䣬Ѫָ֮ЩƸ޷ʲôӰ졣
뵽Ҳԥ£ŵڵѪ֮ʶǹʼתϵĳǰۡǹĻۣܹĸо˵ڸڷٵĻָǰѵĹͷڲϵϣԭȥؿڣҲǿʼָ
㹻ǿ൱ڲ֮ܵѸٻָƣԺвһ˲ŵͷ


176 Ѫ㻤
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֮ǿǿֲĻָҲԿΣյʱ򣬱Ļࡣ
ķʱŽϵƻָ
˴󣬿Ҫһµʱ䣬ָܻܵǱĵѪ֮̾һѪ֮Ȼ棬ָƣҲᱻģͻƵϸΣˣôָ
ƺ˫ϵõĶһȻٿԪвٵϸҩ͵ҩֵֻǧԪƺϳһѪƣ֤ѪݵĶ
СģȻֻôһƾ֤ҡҡͷѪһֱڰУͼı˾޴Ȼ̫ȻޱȵΣϵѪƣֻҲΪ˲ʱ֮衣
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֪ͳһ֮أҲϵ̨ұȻϸ̽һ⣬ԻԥĳϾѾ漰ҵĸ
ΣҶԣɲʲôöƣȴҡͷ
˵ҶϵǿƾһѪȴǻҵĵˣĵˣڻҵͳ֮£һ֪Ѫ̵ڻҵԻԥɱ
뻹ûԴΪԼԿҵĴڣѪ̺ͻ֮䣬ѡ˻ңѪ̻ǿȴȻʮֵļɵҡ
ƣˣֶϾǶʱը˵ʲôʱҪʱֻ»ݲѪҲ׷ɱ
ƻָҲٶ̳ǸȥͻƵϸҲʱǳʯԪˣ

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Ȼûܲ̽ǲ̽˳ͻϸ飬նɱ˫۵Ҳ֪Ͼ׼ɱ˶ᱦɢ޲٣ϸ̽һ֪һС
ϸһȻû뵽Ȼ̤ϸΣңһϸһصɱϸصƺ
Ҳ֪һЩ˼飬ӲͷƤǲ²Ͽ汦ǿ
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ѪӣѪһǿطܹʱһ˵ʵѪת밵УطҲѪڣȴǲͷʹáһʹѪӣֻһ
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Ҫ붼ѣٻֻŮӣϰٻڱµ͵кǧ˿ƵϵҲǣһȫ
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ⴸֱӱɳȥ˵ϡ
ң˷ԸС˱ضհᡣӼæǰλǳϲŭ޳еĵ˲٣ѪУһ˫ҲɲΪһ
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Ƿ̵飬ЩϿġоâ˫һǿɱŷôȥˣϼһǣ֪ǻǵѪ㲻


177 ǳʯ
һ·ǶȥʮֵСģѪӴ֪ƺУ϶Źǰǿɲڵܹġ
ʱ䣬Ȼص˺ǡ
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ϣһ飬ȲҪȥæ֮ǰҴϣΪ֪ѾϸߣǰҲϵĸ֪
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룬Ϊ֪£ĽƲǷ֣Ȼ޷Ϊæ׷ʵ
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ĽƵɴ˫ۣһŵĿų룬Ŷ󣬲ʮѣȻѾϸΪ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ뻹ֻһε߶Ѱ
𿴳ĽԼڶ̶һʱ̤ϸҪ֪Ľοϰ꣬Ѿ㹻ͻ֮һĻ۱ڶ̶һʱͻƵϸûʮʱ䣬ǳȴڶ̶̵ʱͻƵϸ
Ҳ̤ǼͻأģĽƵԺһŵͷ
Ǽǲվں۷Ĵڣͬ׳ǣ׳ǿ򣬷ٵķչ׼ҴһֻߵС壬̶һ֮䣬ԼϸߡΪ׼ҵͬˣҪ˵ĽȻܡ
Ҳ֪Լҵ£ϸѾǼλѣǼҲֻѡĳ֣ȴǳĽһ˿ϣҲֻôһ˿ϣѣ̤ϸĳĽƺϸÿһǺεѡ
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Ľһõʯң˵̤ϸҪõʱ˶û⣬Ͼ߶ѣ̤ϸεȵѣҶûԼϸ
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û⣬ʯұģοûҲûáĽƵ˵ͷ
ˣһҪһεĵط
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ЦҡҡͷƺȥϢش˿Ѫ̶ѾõϢ˵ͻ˼ӳңڳѱᱻ˷֡ƺǿߣûʲôձס
״ĽҲ̾һ;̤ϸܹڳ·棬ضܹҺ󱲣ڿ뷨ȴǲʵˡ
ƿغǣҪΪѰһεĵطȻ£ܿǱ˺һ۵ıԺ
ԭǴصԪڼƻб䣬ںҲһѡ񡣡լԺУ뿴ǰ޴ʯңоâ
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ƺ˫۵Ԫ٣ԭصЩϽɰǲҪˡϵԪȫȡ˳૵
ҪԪ֮ǰϵĳ룬ѾûжԪǴصϽɰյԪû뵽˫ۺƺ׷ɱɱ˲Ԫ
벼õоŻ󣬾˵ܹضڻвĲޣֻԪµܲһǳʯȴҲܰ쵽
Ժеļ䣬뿪ʼɿĲеԪٵš

Ԫӿ˲ע뵽֮Уһ̣һɿֲڳԴԤϣ󷨣ԪʱҲ֪֪߶󷨵˲䣬ҪԪµԽҪԪҲԽࡣ
ˡ
Ԫʧ΢һĲɢ

Ƭ̣һεĲɢ󱻼
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ֻϧ޷ֽǳʯȻȫԲһСľŻ󡣡ǰĴ󣬳Щ۵˵
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ȡöԪٵǳʯĹؼ
һ󣬳ԪѾ׵ĻָԪע󣬳뿪ʼٿŴǳʯ
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ҲǴܹԪȻ⿿ԪͱĴˣԪ˲١
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һתۣµʱȥˣµʱ֮У붼ڽŵ֮УԭзСǳʯʯңѾǱǳֻа˴Сģǳʯȴûȫ
½ŵҲ˼ޣȻڵԪԿŵҩԪָȴܣһֱ߶ȼеľҲóеޱȵƣ
Բǰȡһɡǿžϵƣ߶Ŵ󣬼
ǳʯȻԶʲôϣһδ£ãǶбȻʡǳʯϣ󣬳ɲ˷ϡ
Ḷ́˺ڣҪӵľϸϾһЩʣڴĳھѾ޳Ĵ뼸ƾһ֡
ڣھʮĴ֮ǳʯǳ׵ıֻԴСһ顣
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һƣϮЦһæͣ£ֱӵڴ˯˹ȥ
һ˯Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãֱ峿ѹ˿ɳ©֪Լһ˯Ȼ˯ʱ䡣
ϢҲǻָ۷״̬ڵԪһ˿Ͼ˸ǿȵĴ߶󣬾ܲٿأԪһֶ
ʣµļֲˡ뽫ʢµĸȡ˳ǳʯĲϣࡣ
ֻ˲һʱ䣬ԪĲϣѾ׼ȫ


178 ʧܣ
׼˽ʮʱ䣬ŽԪĲ׼ȫ⻹žŻԵʡ
ʱ׼ԪˡϢ˼ʱþָ״̬׼Ԫ
ԳڵΪԪȴЩǿΪ˽ƣҲ˲ٵ׼ϷʮöԪԼһЩָԪҩԱʱ֮衣
ԪͬҪŻ󣬱Ͼʱĳ룬ûа취ʵƣԪ󷨡
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ǳʯͷһҵĳģ֮лͣڼ䣬ҲǽĸϽɰС
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ƳɹҲһĵԪָƣԪΪؼһ
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ʱٵţϵ·ѾǼ룬УɢһɿֲϢǿֲܣ˲ɱϸεߡ
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Ѫˣ˵ҲûлָĿܡ૵һ̣Ѿ׼ˡ
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ͻȻǰһƺ뵽ʲôƵãһ̣һһ϶ʱһ˿ڡ

һӣѪ˲û뵽֮ϡ
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Ѫ飬Ϊ鷽ʽȻȴ˻ãһ鷽ʽƳɹԪƷҲáѪ飬ߵԪ˺СַʽҲΪ鷽ʽѪ飬ԪȴǼ˶֪
һʼҲûַʽ飬ڵַʽ飬ֻ˲ͻᱻɡ
Ǵ˿̵ĳ룬Ѿǵ˾Ѿ˴󲿷֣οѪ߲ͨͬŻһ
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ŭţϧǽȴû˿ͣµһ˿Ȼ̰ųѪѪӿ룬߶Ƿ˱仯ԭɢɫεĽߣ˿̾ȻǱ˰ɫ
Ѫʧɫɱò԰
áͻȻһѣθϮдвãȻϸߵǿ٣ѪʧҲǵ˼ޡ
û̫ŵϣǱԼƵԪˡ
Ժһޱͷһ̣ǰһڣֱӵ˵ϣȥڳǽȴȻǼųϵѪҺ


179 ֮
޾ĺڰ·𵱳̫׷ɱԱɲǣٴλָ֪ʱѾ֪ȥ˶á
һţϤլԺԺһͷо֮ɫã
һԼ壬ȴǶһ˿ЦȻţڵԪȴĴصѪ֮Ҳֻʣһ˿͵ոմħ֮ʱһ㡣
ʱĳ룬ν˼㣬֮ǰƺһսҪҡ
ܹѾˣԪûܵӰ졣̾һȻʱޱȵȴʮֵܹ֮£סѾңѾԪ׼ȻĽȴҪԤϵҪϲ١
ֻһ뵹ǲôԪ⣬ְ˾ųɰͻƵԪ˫ͬޣȴûʲôաԪͻƻԪ֮ǰʮҪôһԪͻƻԪĹؼ
ԲϸǼߣʮֵںԼԪͷԲȼ
Ҳ֪ʧ˻ǳɹˣĿ⿴˴С
֮Ż֮Уһɫĳڵϣǳͨ尵죬֮͸һ˿̣Եùޱȡ
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ⳤȻܹѪ֮ɫ΢䣬ڵѪܹ֮ˣδ߶ķӦǴ˿̣֣ڵѪ֮ȻЩ궯
ӦѪԵʣⳤ֮ԱڵѪ֮йأܹѪ֮ȻҲ֡ңһĸоƺѪĸоüͷһ
Ѫ飬ΪΪϺͻ鷽ʽȻȴһַ޷ĺôǾѪԪһƳɹҪϤͷ·߱һһ׾ȫƿء
֪ԪαԪҲԼԣԵĶҪѱȻףҪ߲ϵϤСԪĴڣҪõԪҪõԪͬҲֻЩոƳԪѪ飬ƿأѪϾ鵮ֻ֮ǸոյʽҲѪĺáȻûκΣգǰһʧԪСпܡ
ƵαԪѪķʽ飬ԪƳɹһ̣ͺһ˿ѪϵҲֻķӳԪȫܡߣҲǵƷʹãҪ׵ƿأȴҪϵС
뽫ԪպãöָԪĵҩʼָ
ʱ򣬳ڵԪǳ׵Ļָ
ˡ
Ԫע볤һ󻶿һɢ
αԪƷʻ֮ͣԪǼȻ˿еĳҲǾȲѡ
Ҫ֪ԪƲϼΪޣҪ˵ĲϣҲǳʯѣĲϣҲֻһ㣬ĸֲϣԪ磬Ԫ
ƲϣԪûб̫ϣܹﵽαԪΣѾǳɹˡû뵽ȻԪʹõαԪȻαԪļޣαԪ֣ҲϲΣǼΪѵõˡ
ֺѪ֮йأصѪ֮ʲôоâԼַģԪܹﵽΣȻѪйأڵѪ֮йء
صѪܹ֮ԪƷʣҪЩʦ֪µðȦɡҡͷһЦ
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ʱת˲ţһתۣĸ¹ȥĸµʱ䣬˲񣬱Ͼ콣ŻֿɱԪã似ԴҪ֡Ҫںϸ似Ҫ似Ϊ֧֣ҪĻȻҲࡣ
̶̰ʱ䣬콣壬֪ôһˣʱ䣬ɵ񣬱ɵҪࡣ
ʱ䣬ΪҲ٣һδεɱΪﵽϸڵĲΡϸ似ںϣѾ˲СĽչ˵û׵ĳɹҲǽСڵ֮ϣҲ˵ΣĽϣҲǸӵĵӦ֣ں֮ϣȴǰͷҲûС
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ͻȻĲǱˣ̤صİױ콣ŵĻ񣬲е˵Ҳжʱ䣬˲ȻҲж񡣰ױͳϵУҲͬһִ
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ҲǷ֣ԽǿǣԽǺأԽ٣԰ں߽磬ؼ
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180 ٻ
Ҫ֪ڵĸأǺΪҪĵطԶЩطҲʮֵ⣬Щ߽紦ɼûдĿռ䡣
ӦòѰܽȡİɣü
˵ֻţܹΪŵĳϣֻҲϸصΪϱɱȴû˿Ȼ֮˵ʵȻţҲûʲô
ױ󿪿ڵ

ɫ΢䣬νĲֻǲɣƽȡҪ֪Ѱֻ˽ȡ˱Ҫʧ֮󣬲ٽӡҲΪ˷ֹȡ̫࣬ѶȽͣ𲻵ĥµá

ϣǼٵģÿһѶȶǼߣǲɵҲǼ١
û뵽εȻҲ°һâ
֪Щŵ񣬶ҪˣܷǸźͺάϵһŦνĻְʵǽźͺҪ鷳ڸŵĺ󱲵ɣһҲǳĸеļŵĵӣȻЩ񣬲콣Ŷеġ
ϸ룬ľٶҲ֮Уڸط飬ֱǶԺơ
ε񣬻ֶ٣æ
ɵߣԵõٻ֡ױæ
ٻ֣ڲ֮У͵ģϸ֮Уٻ֣ȴˣٻֵҲֻһǺͰױɵġٻֵֻٶѣٻ֣˰ױˡ
ֻ治Ͱǰһ
Ȼڲ͵ģѶСһˣˣҪȷסʮˣϰˣǵɾˡֻҪɵ߶ܵõ֣Ҳ˵ֻҪڵУܵõ֣ǲ߶ܵõ֣
һҪ󣬾֮ǰеӳǳǼǡױ󿪿ڵ

ԺзٵļһӳǺ콣ŵľ룬֣첻ܶǼϵӳǡ
Ҳûơһͷ
һֻܹҲ̫࣬ϾܶѾִ񣬻в߱չأǵõϢʱ򣬿ѾҲֻг㣬ţûбչصߣпܲ뵽ȥ
ּŵĻ֣ȻŹæ˵ȡ񣬱Ƕǰӳǡ
ӳǣһ˳ǣϸصߣһ˳֮УҲһǳء
һĸ·ʱ򣬱Ѿӳǡһ·֮ϣҲͬϸߣԷͬǰӳǣȻҲΪ
ɱӳǴ˿̷ণѾǽϣظҲǼǿѲߡ
֮󣬳ǳųȥ
ϵʱѾв߸мǿϢó붼ܵв
һϸǼǰϢ
콣ţ룡
콣ţ룿ԣ࿴˳һۣԵȣҼ롣

һ㶣ĿߣǵһμߣȻʶе
ҼϣзԸǳӵ̵𻰡Ц
ϣ
һ׹ӦǺĴϾκϧ񣬿ɼ¼ӳ̶ȣһΪҲ֮С
ò׹ͬʱҲǰҲѣһֻ鷳СϾҪɱڶԷҵĹӣȴκβöԷǰȻڱĵλ
ӣ߶ԵһӷԸһų߽á
Ÿõĳ룬һԵУʱĿ˳ıӰ֮ϡ
˭ȻҲܽã
һϸصߣʲô
ǣôܺᲢۣ
һ۷׷ף߽õĳ룬ȴǻȻ
ӵˡӵ֮£һ
ֵܣˡӵĻһЦ̴һϤӰ˳ǰǺˡԴ̤ϸҲֻǼһΣǴλΪִеպҪ·ǣȥһΡ
֡Цŵ˵ͷ
λӵȵѣδ̣
ڴʱһͻأ
ֱ˿̣ע⵽ڣѾĵӰŮһˣӣ
ԭӿеĺѡҲû뵽룬Ц
Ŷʶӣüͷһü
⹫Ӳ֪ɣѪſŶ쾳СЦ
ǳСǰһսʹ˺Фܵ飬ҲǴ֪µȻ١ʶȴ࣬Ӵ˻һԵҲǿ˳롣
⹫ɫһ䣬ĿʱЩߵԭǳ룡
£֡빰ֵ
ҵ⹫һڳҲֱҳ鷳һ˻ȥ
ֵܣⷲФʦ֣Ѫһľߡϵ
ԭˣ
˿ҲΪʲôԷһ˵֣û˿ĺɫԭԷȻФʦ֡νĵӾߣ˵˵츳ʵѾﵽ˵ӲΣֻûлõӵĳƺŶѡϾӺͽһֻĸӵе츳ʵģȴԶԶֹˡ
һ͸ô鷳ƳһķЦ
ӣûʲôøУȻûж֣ĬҶϵ˶֣ͬǳ
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ٻ
ԣɫһ䣬ЩȵĿǰŮӣٻ
ں֮УõֺıԼԣǴӦֺ轫ȥϢ֪ٻΪ˳ҲٻϢȴûʲôջû뵽Ȼٻ
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ٻֱֱĿⶢţһһʱһǿѹϮ
ǿѹȻȵƺҲǲʱعɫһ䣬ٻʵȻ֮ǿ
ߡ
ٻһҲ룬˻ȥһԵͨεĳ˵ͷ
ֵܣҲ̫ļˣӵƢɲôáϵ˵
֣æ
ϵͷһ׵˼ϸʵѾرҪοӵҲ󣬲ȻҲᱻΪӣͬһ
һĻƲѣԼֻͻȻٻ뵽˵ֺĳŵѣû뵽ȴǱϵᡣⷲӵӣȻҲǺһ뷨


181 Ѫ
ε飬Ͱ֮ǰİ졣Ͽˣڵ
ԣ˶ǵ˵ͷȻϵΪ֮ߵģһΪĴҲοһεĵ飬Ȼһܹɵģõѡ
ڶߣֶӵѾ׵ٻҲٶ׷׸뿪
ӣٻҪ뿪æ
⻰ٻüͷһ϶һ˿֮ɫͣ
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ⷲĿһ۳룬ջ뿪˴
ӣʲô£ٻһ͵
ȻٻЩƣҲ֪ǶԷԭ򣬵Ҳϣżɽӿʶֺ裿
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ӣջѹ޴ѹ룬ҲЩܲסæڵ
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ӣֵܡڴʱһϵǸոջعϡ
һ룬ٻԲں콣ŵŵӣҲ壬ϿҹӣǾҲ֡
һٻǿѹ¼е飬ǹɿֲѹ֮ɢ
˵ɣô֪ҴģȻջѹٻȻЩƣϾ飬֪˲࣬ЩȻҲȫϢȴûʲôջ
ǹɿֲѹɢҲһٻΪǿѹȻֵܹҲʮֵĳ
ӣҿԸô£侲뿪ڵ
ģҴ޹أȻ㶯֡ٻ
ģ֮ǰʱһ
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˵ٻ˫֮ѾǷŨŨ૵Ҿ֪ܿѾˣֻǲԸŰˡ
ֺʧʮ꣬ʧٵʱֻ³뻹ֻһֺͯȻܺйء
Ҳˣ㣬ҵڶ֪Ѿٻ۳룬жӡҲǴġ
ϾΪһ˳ŵҲ̽ϢֻȻ֪ӵ˺֪ܶ࣬ٻȴǲ࣬Ҫ֪ӳʱ򣬿ɻֻ߶ѡҲΪʲô֮ǰٻϢһֱûʲôջΪʵݣӴٻΡ
ˣܸңʲôɱҴ𣿡ٻͻȻڵѾǶһ˿ɱ⡣
ҾͲ֪ˡҡҡͷ
ȻֺûʲôϢȴ²µɱֺ¸漰׳˫жٻʵȫ
˻ٻɫһãȴ̾һĵʱĳ룬Ǻߣʱܹ꣬ʲôǲ֡
ֺ֪ѶϢٻҲǼǴ˿ֻѾ̶ǰѰҳ˵ɽ
ֵܣ㵨ӻǲСӿǳƢ𱩣ֻ¸ղѾˡȥٻҡͷЦ
ҲǶһ˿ΣҲû뵽ֺϢٻ˿أЩߡ
У֮¡뵭Ȼ
ԣһһЦ֮ԸͳύγΪԭǼаСˣ֮츳Ҳۡ
ֵܣڰ֮Ľ֮ʲôգͻȻ
սʮһΣһΣǰ֮ṳ̂ϸȻûлᣬڳ̤ϸʸӵĳƺ
ѡЦҡҡͷ
ṳ̂콣֮ǰýӵĳƺжѣǵ̤콣֪ӵнʵ߱ʮˡЩѰϸÿһӵнʵ߶ϸصΪԳڵΪκһӵнʵߣûбʤİգοὣӵĳƺ
аʱ䣬ҿ㡣Ц
ۼ֤ڶ̶ʱ䣬һصߵϸصߣٶȣҲ̾硣
˻пЦãԼûʲôģϱģҪ֪̤ϸصʱ򣬿רź⾪ֹʮУͱѹƣʮ֮ڣذܡ
⾪˵ӵнʵߣٿ֧ŶʮС
˵뻹зĵûã㶯õƣҲ˵һܹ⾪֧ŶʮУڵûӵнӲεʵ
̸ЩֵܸյӳǣҺ˵һһε¡Ͽڵ
ԣʱϣ˵һӳǵ飬ҲʮֵƣӳǳͽλϱɱǺӵķ˻
һӳǵ飬ǻܵô򵥣Ǻ̽Ϣһε鼫пܺƵѪйءɫص
Ѫ̣
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ֵܣ֪Ѫ̣Щȵ
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˵Ѫ̵ͼıλ󱻻𣬲ȴڰдȻҲȫѪ̣κѪڰУײᱩ¶Դһٶ֮ǰѪȴҸȼļݿѪ̻Ӱӡ
ѪȻڰУȴǲ֮ǰһٸһһ壬Ǹ壬ʵ֮ϣ⻹ֻѪչ¶
Ѫ̵ʵв²⣬ϵĻҲûие̫֡
ȻѪôǿһεôǻҳ棿Щһü
һǰĶǺһߣûʲôϸصߣѪ̵ǿߣ
һε飬֮󣬾Σճ̶ȲߣԲŻְᷢϣڻңʵǿѪ̴ڰУÿһλҶ棬ִ󣬶ңҽȫڱԣһ㲻ʲôرش飬Ҳ档Ͽڵ
Ҳǣڷһ¿ѪΪҾҪ˳棬ǻһæƣڱǻᱻѪ˿ӡڣһھԵƣԲӦ䣬һ֤ʵѪŻֶɱ
Ϊ˰ȫһǰߣἯֳĸСӣĸϿڵ
⻰֮ǰٻˣ׹ˣ¾Ϊ£ٻˣԾĸӡ
Ѫ̣±ĻҪ¡̾һҶ磬ȴѪ̵ˣƺҲѪйּѪ̣ѾǶڰеĶߣѾʼչ¶Ĳǣ


182 壿
ʱ֣ǰӳǵѾˣ⻹ΪźԭʱһЩǰֻ¸ࡣ
ٸϸߣŸӵУѾһЩѰĶţȻȻϸ߲٣ǿߣȴ޷Ͷȡǰ֮УǿٻҲϸ۷ѡⷲˣֻϸ۷Ϊ
ߣϸһغϸص߾Ӷ࣬ﵽϸصĶǲ࣬Ͼһε鷢̫ͻȻųЩչغĵӣµĵǿ߶ࡣ
ϣڳһᣬͬʱǰϣֳĸСӵľ
ԴˣǰߵûзԵ˼ϾǶΪ˻ֶǵųϱɱ飬ǻûõѡ
λͳѡҲûʲô̫飬ӵ˲ʵһǰ֮Ϊģ֮ͬͣΪӳҲ֮С
һ򵥵ķ飬ϱ֤Сӵʵ̫󣬼ÿСҲаҡ
ӳǾʱھǧ֮⣬һɽϣϰߣۼڴˡ
Ҫôһӵ
Ȼǻ˵ľôΥɣΪ׵ӣ俴һ˵֮ˣ˵
²ңֻǡһǺſսһ֮̿ɫȴЩǵ
սЩţ׿սˣοһβǽźһЩŵѣֲɱǡΪһм
һаռƻ¡Ϊӿڳˣ˵
ǣ
ԣ˺ȻӦ
̣Ҳʱʼ̨ǰˡΪӵĿ⿴ӳǷԺѪ㻤Ը֮ʱ˵Ļ

峿ĸ鼯ϣȷõĶԸֳɶĸ̽ڵٻСӣĲ̽
û뵽СӾȻ棬ʵ̫ˡ
ɲǣֻҪҺͻϽŵˣʱнЭǸɡ
С˵֪һ˽Ḻĵ飬ÿ϶ǲϲɫһνʧλϣ϶ưոݣʱǻϽŵˣŵĵӣҲȫЭǡҪ֪ٵϸţɶʲô°
Щһϲɫߣв΢΢ҡҡͷԴ֪漰Ѫ̣ʮֵĽСġѪ̽Ӵģ֪Ѫ̵Ŀ¡ϣȴֻҹɽţɼһߡ
һ뿪ӳǣ㳯ŽŵɽŸȥϾһǿвõĵ
ٻľ飬ȻȻŽŵķȥǽֳĲ֣ȷСӣǰ棬УͶϺĸ֡ٻԼǾвӦȻòЩΪȻȴʮֵͬһԵĶֿɲһˣѪ뿪ӳǷΧҲˣǻܶСģǱҪġ
һʱʱȥˣһҲûз˿Ķһ·ɵû֡
ҿЩͽֻھͱˡ
ɲǣЩҲͻ͵Һôɱ
һ·û˿ķ֣ԭЩˣҲǿʼи
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ٻɫһãƬ֮󣬵ͷ˵ĲСΪϣճ˵ɼˣɢţ
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⡭̫ܰɡ
˻һŵ˵Ȼ̫Ըһ㣬ٻȴͬˣ֮·ά裬账СģһͿ䡣


183 
˵˲̫ԸųĲ²⣬ʱҲǶһݾ衣
һаˣٳŽŸȥ
ǽǵǰӰʵ̫࣬˺ţҲǳ׵Ĵ˺档
һ·ǰУԵʮֵСģְڽ֮ϣһֲԣ̳֡
֪ǲǳĲ²ǱҲû˿Σա
ѵҲ´ˣ
üͷһЩȷڵٶȣֻһĶĹ򣬾ܸϵš
ಡಡ
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СģϮ
Ϊ׵ٻһһ̣һ㣬һΣгһ⣬סϮļʸ
У
类ٻѹļϸ̷ӦæָУٻͼλϸص߾ݵĻңָ̻
ͬʱϮʸҲ˵ĸǰ

Уһٻͼϸȫ֣˽ļʸʮֻʸ˹
Ϯļʸ˷ֿ
顫顫
һը󲿷ֵļʸֵٲּʸ

һҽȺдù߱ǼʸУз˵ˣȴûһ֮ɥǲеĴҡ
ҲһֻʸΪǲвǼʸֻϸһܣ͵Ϯ֮£ܹвϸصߣͼΪ裬ҲٻѣǱеļϸһصߡ
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ʽƲƲ죬Ѫ̵Ǹıλûʵôˣ
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λϸԼλϸһصͬѪһսɱ˿ռˣɫҲǱѿ
ģЩѪ̵սȻֻϸصΪսȫϸصߡЩΣȻֲεս󱬷ʵһ˾ֵܵȴðͷ
ɲǵϰ˵ɱӢۣȫΪͺսһ˵ʵǿܹŤתս֣ǾΪ
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һһ߾ܣ˻һһȥߡ
һκһ˵߶ʮˣʮһˣϸµߣˣѪһȴֻʮʬѡ
ֹԼĪʱͨĴ󲿶Ӹϵ֮ǰֻǴϸصľǰϾԮʱȣܵЩϸһصһΪٻ߱ϮԮĴ󲿶ӣҲͨλǿߡ
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ҵƢӵߣһϾҵˣȨɱ㣬ڿʼһε㲻ٲμˡ
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Ȼеɱεĺܺãʲôˣһŵɱ˲ͱ֣ˣȴûϡλߵѪӣ㲻в
һʱҵϢ˵ˣѾָò࣬ʮƽصҲȶϺٻ飬˾ǰš
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ߵϣȻûʲôǿԪ˶ӦҸ߲ϵǿߡ
֪ĽˣԶŷλϵɫΪص
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֣ôϿԵĳ롣
šŽŵķ򣬳ЦѾûнˡ
⡭̫ܰɡһԵͨɫ΢䡣
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ԷȻϮǣһţǻ𣿡뿪ڵ
ԸɡϿЦһһδ£Կɲʲô¡


188 ʬɽѪ
ηһߣС࣬˵ʱϸߣһ·֮ϣȴȵ˻ҪСġ
һ·ʱûʲôΣգѪ̵ˣ·ʧһ㣬ۿԽԽ˵ٴ
΢üͷ͵һ
֣ʲôˣͻȻɫһԵæڵ
ûŵһѪζ𣿡
⡭һ㶣Ŀ⿴һԵٻˡ
ٻ˶ҡҡͷǲûио˵Ѫζ
ӳɣⷲЦһΪֻһ㣬ϸصսҲ
Ų㡣ԼⷲȻҲԷɫ
㡭ⷲŭǵϵ棬ȴҶ֣Ͼ˭óϺͳϵУҪǶ֣Ͽ϶վڳߵġ
ˣͬһûѪ̵ˣԼڧˡϿⷲԵߵϣʲôûУ
ûСҡҡͷ
˻ⷲǶһ˿Ц⣬һмĿų롣
ȻϷûвʲôܲԾϵٴδ
˻һⷲϵЦݲһɫ콻ɷǺÿ
Ȼ϶ô˵ˣСһЩʱ׼սϳ
СǰɣϵɫͻȻһ䣬ڵѪζ
ţ
˻һһ㶣һ̣˵Ŀⶼ˳ϣҪ֪֮ǰѾѪζϴ˿̲ŲѪζǳĸ֪ں֮ϣ
ˣֻǶѪζȽаˡǾȵɫ벻ЦŽ͵
ԣҲһҪǳĸ֪ȺϻҪҲδ̫һЩ
ʱǺϣ⻰࿴˳һۡ
һԣѪζеߣǾþɱ֮ˣѪ̫࣬׾ܲൽһ˿ѪζһʮߣȻѪζǶԷɱѪҪࣿ
֪ǰǼ۷ߣܹģΪɢޣ֮·ġ
һ˲ϵĿţԽԽ߲ѪζǿеѪζҲŨ
ֹ˲һʱ䣬һ˽ţһŻѪζ
ǽţ
ǰĶϱڲԫɽ弸ѪɫĽɽţһ߼ѵĿڵ
Ӧǰɣ
ԣһôȷٱˣҲѾµɽϵѪɫʲô
ţˡǰɽţϵɫѿ˼㣬Ľұˡ
һ֪ʱѾûʲô壬֮ǲŵ׾ʲô
һˣֳǸСӣĴѲߣͬʱûҴߣˣҵڲ̽Ͽڵ
ǣ
Ӧֳˣɽ⣬𾯽ͬʱѰҴߣǴųһ˽˽š
Խɽſʼſɽ·ǰУϡɼһЩɺԵѪ˵Ĳ룬ѪԽԽ࣬õ˰ɽ֮ʱϵѪʪġ
쿴ǡ
ͻȻһѭǵ̿˹ȥֻ֮ϣ˵һ߾ߵʬ壬ۿȥһۿͷ
࡫
صʬ壬ߵɫЩףѵʿˮ
ˣ
˵Ҳǧ˰ɣ
ɫ԰׵ţ˵ЩŵҲ˲ٴΣƽյʮˣǶǺǰʬ壬˵Ҳǧˡ
ţۣͬҾڣһǧˣ⡭Ͽǰʬ壬̾һ
⣬гųϵĽˣһսС
ųɣ
ųҲһ˰
˻һ˵Ѱߣٻ˵ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬һˣˣ
Ȼ̫Ըų˵ȴ֪˵ֻ°˾ŲʮҪ֪֮ǰŷɽţٻ˲ĵӡ³µһЩźϻŵĵӣЩڽŵĵӣһ⡣
һ·ȥضʬ壬֫бۣ֮Ⱦ˴ɽ壬ԽµʬԽ࣬ȻŵĵУϧȴԶԶǵ˵Ķ֡
ۡ
ȺУһŻڳˣȻϸߣʱ˲ҵΣһЩԲߣѾǴٻˣɫҲǱòҰס֮УΨгͺ˵ɫû̫ı仯
Сӵǿ£Ȼܹ治ɫϿ۳ķҲǾȲѡ˽İ꣬ĵˣûһǧҲа˰٣ֳ棬ȻӰ쵽û뵽ǣʮ꣬ȻҲ治ɫ
ȥ룬ϾҪ˲٣˿̵Ҳɫ԰ףǿ˱ǶѪ
һɽ·һʯʬ壬Ǽ̫ģҲӦȻɫЩѿʱû¡
һ·ֻǧʬ˰ɣϿڵ
ֻ಻١̾һǰʶ̫ŵĸЩûлԪţʵǿĻãʵ̫˵һ̾ͱˡ
ǿͻȻһԵٻ
ٻĻ˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻǰһ㳡֮ϣűطʬ壬ۿȥЩʬ壬Ȼǵ˺ü㣬·ʬɽһ㡣
û´Ӧþǽսĵط뿪ڵ
ȥ֪ˡϳ
˿㳡ֻЩŵӵʬ壬һһ㣬飬ʬ֮䣬û˿Ŀ϶
̾һһһε˲佫ϵʬƿһͨѪ·
ѭźϿٵ·˳Ź㳡ȥ˲ɣƼһ޴Ѫɫǹ֮ϣʬ壬ղԶͷ·Ǹ͹ɽ
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ţˣϵµۣûһ˻š
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ಡ
ڴʱһӰͻȻӳʯ֮ǰ
룬һĻⷲһ
Ȼǰһâһ̣ͷҲصĵʯ֣
֣
ϵһһ̣ٵʯš
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ϴŭѪʮ֣ɱ˼
룬ôʯֵģٻЩĿһԵĳ롣
˻һԵϺͨҲǺĿ˳룬Ҫ֪֮ǰҲʯţΪѪڸּûз쳣
ǲãʯŹЩ𣿡뵭˵
ϸһ룬ǳ˵
ǰľ޴ʯԼʯǰȥǿߣȻʯǽȫػĵطӦǽҪĵط˵Ѫ̸ź󣬱ȻŶԣǴʯȴţȻѪºرյģΪľ˽ʯʱ򣬷ʯϵּ


189 
뻹һû˵ǾѪ̵ҪɱȲεţֵ飬ԸţѪȴ˼ʱ䣬ҪЩǰߣδûн֪ѪԵ³ϾֱɱţҶϢѪôһ֣ҪϢҲ޷
ʯڵĶѾǱѪһգɽǰѲӵҲûзĽҴߣټĽţһϦ֮串𣬽Ѫɺӣһ
ӽ˵ɫЩÿϾǶߣʲôɱ˿ħȥǵ𶯲С
¹شһ֪ͨӳǸפǰͬʱ֪ͨϿڵ
һűϸ˵ʲôرش飬ţûһҲаʮɽűѪ̸Ͳͬˡ
Ѫ̿ǻҵĸ󻼣ǰѪ̴ڰ£ں˸ߵɱţɲϲӡ£Ѿܹġ
ΪƿߣԼһͨѶʽ磬һαն
Ǽǿߣ
ǰ֮նΣ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ǽߣ޷շУȴܹݵա
ڳˣȻϸߣûмǼǿߣϾǸεǿߣѾվں۷壬Щո̤ϸõ߿Լġ
ಡ
Ӱ˲ǰ
ϡϹ
ǰ
Ҳǹվں۷ǿߣǱʾԼ𾴡
΢΢ͷĿϣڵΣ
£һڣŸ𡣡Ͽڵ
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פǾͿ뿪ˣ飬ܹκϵġߵ
漰Ѫ̣˵ЩϸߣҲҴ⣬ֻ»üϱ
ǣϵ˵ͷ
߲ڶ˵һΣ˽ţȻǴԲ̽һ½ŵľ
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ڳһ̻ӳǵʱ򣬿ңһ޴ʯ֮УʱѾۼʮˡ
׵ķŵΪߣԣǰŵվ
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ڳÿһˣǼߣźΪļţ¹Ѫ̵Ĵ£ΪһȺˣȻʸ֪Ѫ̣ҲҪ֧֡
Ѫ̣
ȻԴԤϣϾ֮ǰӳͽλϵѾõϢпѪΪȷһ֮˵ɫȴǱʮֵѿ
ѰߣЩѪ̵Ŀ£ʮֵǿǸںͻһϳ̵˵ȫʢʱڶԷУҲϰĴڣǸֻ꣬ڰдеѪ̣ҲǿԶԸġǶԷ־۵ʸûС
ȻѪ̸ðͷǾɱ
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ѪϹ˭֪ͽܱѪɱˣ㵱ȻѪ̣ҲҵѪ̲Сһ߿ڵ
ôǾͲѪ̣ЩڳһûܵѪ̵Ϯûʧŵӣߵ
⻰˶΢΢˵ͷѪڰУȴϮЩŵŵӡֻǿǰ㣬նһѪɱˣ˴Ļ治ࡣ
Ѫ˵ȻЩȴʵЩȱѪ̵սѪ̵õٺôһѪ𣬿϶Źǡһӿڵ
԰꣬ԸѪ̵飬ֲǳ֣ѾǰźܿͻϵѪ̣ұǸҪľϺûˡ׵߿һۣ˵
ߵĻҲʮףѪ׵ǻңǼұǻҪż
һѪں˾޴ĶͼȻСλҲöСıѪ˿ӡ߿ڵ
үģֻҪѪ̸ٳ֣Ҷ޻أЦһɱӿ
΢΢ͷϾѪѾ٣ֻܶӷѡ
ټڶ֮ʱһصʯ֮УѪһŵĿǰˡ
Ȼ󱲶ɱҪǺãѪɳƵ
Ҳû뵽Щзǵ͵ϮûʲôãǵԮļ죬ǸûʱնɱǡǺͳ˽ֵӹٵͣΡΡ
ߡдʣҸǵȫ㹻һε񣬿ǴĽֻǽŵĸʵ̫ʧˡѪĿǰˣоǲ֮ɫ
ѪλȻֻȡɹƹѪһΡ
һεҰˣ̰ѪЩһѾסˣҪǰչʾʵĴûһΣԲʧ𣿡Ѫ
ǣ
˹Ӧһ첽뿪ʯ
ˣΪ׾ͷŹҶάѪԣһӵ
ѪƹѪһͷһҶά²ѪƢֻնɱˡ
ҶһЩôڻõǣҶϣСһǾͶҶң˿ЩӲŵ˼ںúðǣΪЧǸãѪЦ
Ӣæ
Ѫ㲻ÿɷҡҡͷĿ⿴ķоâֻǲ֪һΣĵʲôˣ֪ûҳֵı¡
ˡСûܲʲôˡѪԵ˻æ
εʱȷЩˣ鲻Ҳû뵽һжѸ٣ҲӦǲʲôһҲüӿƻĲˡѪҡҡͷ˵
Ѫ̵Ĳ֣ԭͼӿ˲٣Ҫټӿ죬ѪҲǸеһѹֻ뵽ѪĴһŻʤĿ϶Ѫ̡
ھĸ·֮󣬳Ҳǻصӳǣϰһμ񻹻ŵˣǼᣬ¼
룬ڿԸңҴĺʲôط˰ɣٻҵ룬ֱӿżɽ
ҲȥһκԴȥɡ뿪ڵ
ȥٻһ


190 
Цŵ˵ͷ⵹ʱ⣬д㣬ϣѾĲ࣬ڷں֮ϣȴƿ˵׷ĸ򣬵ʱҪȡýչҲǼѡغٵ׷Ķܲҵʲôûںϵ׷һֱһЩʾҲһ
һѪ̵ķҲǸ˾ӣλѪӵвҴ⣬ܾΪֻ½һʱ䣬콣Ŷҳ
ȻˣǾ鷳ˡٻм
ٻΪĻغ󲻹һڣֻҵֺʬѡ
ԴˣҲͣλغҲⷽԭ򣬱ϾСɽ֮УԼҪѰңֻҲúķһЩʱ䣬οǴδȥٻܲҵ˵
뿪ӳǺ󣬱ֱȥ
ӳǵ󣬼˵ΪҲҪʱ䣬ܸϵ֮ϣҪٳǳء
ڳٻ˵Ϊһ·֮ϣǲصʲô鷳
ٵԵĿյ֮ϣӰٵĽһľ缤
ڤ񣡡
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죡
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䡫
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ϧѾǿĹʽˡٻЦҡҡͷ
죬ΪǿһУѰϸߣϸ۷ߣҪֵסһҲף֮һٻͱѰǿ٣ϸصΪֵסһС
һѾǿˣҪ֪֮һ֮ͬ£ٶ֣ȻܱƵҶϸصΪѾʮ˵áٻ̾
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Ȼдʱ䲻ԳİȴǲС˫ںϵƿƺЩɶļ
ڵٶȣһʱ䣬ܸϵˡźķ򣬿ڵ
͵𣿡ٻһ⡣
ʮٻΪѰֺϢν˲ٵĿ๦κȴû˿ϢڵõϢȴѾֺȥ֮ЩٻѾǼеҲĴ磬ȴǺȻЩ
Ҫǲ˵Ҷ֪׳ǵıȻλ½Ǽǿ׳𡣡ٻǰĳУп
׳֣ʦųǼ֮ǰ½ǼҵĿ䳤ϡںͻƵɢޣ󶼻ܵҵ룬ǼΪоɣ򼸺ΪҵĿ䳤ϡЩƽղҪκ£ֻҪҺͺΣʱ֣ƽʱȴҸ䳤ϵĴұӻ
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һˣȻżҺ׼ҿˣߵĹϵһ߿ٻϸ˵ֺɾ׼ҵУٻʲô˴˽³ԹɾͲˡ
ٻͷҲٶҲֻǸпΪɢ޵׳ܹеǼˣϾǴȫҲ˵һܹǼǿɢеǼǿ߾͸ˣȴܲסɢ޵ڶ࣬ȻǴΪǿżҲᵮһǿ

󣬳ѾֹһΣһνʱǺΪں֮СҴ˵ʲôǿޣͻ
ڣѾϸΪں֮ȻԺ޼ɣԭηĺڳٻĽ£ȴƽأû˿ٶȵ˼
һ·ۣ˺ܿ˵뱻׷ɱɽĸ
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ٻ˵ͷҲ֪ΪɽעɽΣܹһŵλãѾˡ
˵ΪϸɲǵΪɱȣѰٶȣҲǼ죬ʱȷ˵ܵɽ
ɽڣٴμֺĺǣͼ֮ǰһɽӣû˿ı仯
磡
ٻ˫һ죬˺ǰȻѾȫǰӣٻȴϵã統뿪ʱ򣬴ŵɽʯϵĽۣҲϳһǿ似
ӣȸˡűʹеٻ뿪ڵ
λ󣬳ԭ򣬻һΪҪ飬
ٻ˵ͷҼˣǽʲôҪҰܿڣֻҪܰ쵽һƴǡ
뿪ɽ֮󣬳Ǿֱ׷Ķȥ̽׷Ķ֮½ߺ̽ûʲôջȻżһЩ߽ȥʶһʱţһѾ׵ĻķϾû˻һĶȤ
һ·һʱ䣬˶ڵΪȻᳵ·֮С
Ȼķ˲١ưĶ벻̾һ
һ·ǰУܿǵ˶

ͻȻɫһ䣬ǶȻǸܵһǿϢϢԷΪϸߡ
ڻϸ߽
üͷһ壬Ҫ֪ⶴֵڣѾǹȥ꣬һЩ©ıҲͱѹϡʱ򣬱˵ϸߣߣҲٻ˽ϾⶴȻϸ߶Σղ󣬵Щ߶ԣвС鷳ΪһûбĶյأԲʲôѡ
ȿ㵽ʲôˡ
Цһ˲䳯ǹǿϢķ˹ȥ
ˣͿˣ
յĴ֮УһϵӰڲеŵ棬ǰѾǳһ޴ĿӶ
û뵽ⶴıǱϵõˡ߿ŵϴӣЦ
ڴ֮ǰ׳ǺͺǵϢ·ʱ򣬱һȺߣЩ߿УȻ֪ڶĴ£Ȼǿյģ
뵽űȻˣԲܽԼĶһն档Щ̳ɱЩߣͬʱʼھֻǴĵ棬ȻĵطӵļӲʵϵھҲʮʱ䣬Ųཫĵڿա

ϿǰĴӣԽļ
ϧЩȴûķˡڴʱһͻأϵ
ϵɫʱ䣬˾Ȼߣû֣Էʵֻ»֮ϣ뵽̾Ŀ
㣿ÿ˵ģϲɾ˲Ǳˣʽ㱻ɱĳ룡


191 
ֻϾȣǳԼҲû뵽ϣû뵽ǣϾȻһҵܡ
ʵ׷ĶһֱɻǾǵ׷㱻Ѫ̵ڤˣ˵ⶴȥǶ֮Уû׷ʬ֪׷ȥһʱ䣬ʬҲûˣΨһĿܣʬڸΪصĵط
׷ʬĿǰΪֹ²ֻ׳һ˼Ϊ׳ΪҪܶȻ׷ĸпܡ׳Ϊʲôûһ㣬벻ö֪Կ϶ǣ׷ʬ϶ڶ֮С
һΣصѰ׷ʬ˼пںϷĻԵ
ֻû뵽ǣȻٴ˵ɱϣʱȴû˿ĵģڵɲǵǸո̤Сӣ
û뵽㣬Ҳûɱ㣬ɱ㣬Ծ󻼡ϾȹȴһЦ
ĳ룬չֳ츳Ǹе𾪣Ҫ֮죬κӣǿ߶κβó룬Ҳֻܷ콣ţû˰ᡣһϸһصߣɲҺ콣Ȼԡ
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ɱ
ϵͺһһ˲˳ǰдһһ޴ĵ⣬ųݺݵȥ
ܵϮĵ⣬һ˿м֮ɫֻߣĹеѹڣŵȲεĹ޷˿в
ն䣬һ̣һϵĹصֵ
ʲô
һĻϵɫʱ䣬Ȼ֪츳ˣŶʱ䣬ΪȻȲΣܹɵסȫһϸΪ
ôܣ
ϵϢɲ缫ǰͨҲ֪̤ϸʱе𶯿֪
ûʲôܣˡһһһĽâ˲ϡ
ܵǽâ̺֮Ŀֲϵɫʱò԰ǽâ֮Уܵв
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ҵסϵ͵رһǿƣһ̣ȻֱȼԪųȫһûʲôյֵס
󵶻Ӷһܲ͸ĵĻϵεĻסΪȼԪ֮£ѰϸߣҲһնɱ
ꡫ
Ȼӿһ˿ϣʱһϸ΢ǰĵĻ˲飬ǽâɲٶȲ

һֵŭһһ̣һѪɽüֱӱǽâ
㡭ϾֵĿų룬һУֻһУȼԪȻסһУʮ꣬ǿʲôز
ɺޣΪʲôΪʲôǻںޣһеնɱ룬Ͳнһˡ
šᡭŹ㡭ɻɢֱӵ˵ϣû
ţǲңҲǵġһЦŲɱĸףϲִ߰ˡ
ҲڵʵϼţǸΪܹλʮţſǼǿֹܲһλ
ĿڲԶĴ֮ϣʱĴӣѾһ΢Ԫûһµ档
ǼӲӦÿ쵽ˡŵаԼ㵽
ļӲ̶ȣȻȲǳʯҲѾʮֵĽӽѰѹʮʱ䣬ڳһĴ
ʱ뵹ҪлˣҪڵˣʵǿ٣ҪڳôһӣֻҲĹ
һȫ߶ϸڵԪһ̣Ӷųݺݵĺ˵֮ϡ
䡫
һ죬涼͵һΣǱͽӽײĴӣʱ¶һɫĹ⻪
ǼӲԪȫһȻ޷׵ĺ俪档ֻǳּƵĵ棬ΪȣԼеԪʮֵûд߶ԪܣҲѰɱȡ
ҿ
ͺһһεĻӶųȥ
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һը촫Ӳĵѣ¶һ˴Сɫڡ
˳ɫĶڿȥڣɢɫĹΣ嵽ж
ֻȥˡ̾һһԾ˲û뵽ɫĶ֮С
ȻڳԾǶ֮󣬴ĵ澹Ȼʼ䶯ֻգ֮䣬ԭһӵĴ棬Ȼ˿ǵֹһӵļ
һб仯ѾԾ붴ڵĳ룬ȴ˿֪

ûɫĹ֮У㷢Լ壬·һţ׹
ʱҲǿʼܵ
һ󷨣ܵܵ죬΢΢һɫĹΣȻһصʯͷɢһƬռ֮Уܵһǿ֮Ȼһ󷨡
ͻȻ֮䣬һ֮УҲǱüΪС
ž
ͻȻ´һʵڸУ֪Ѿ䵽˵֮ϣĵ棬Ҳȫʯͷɡ
ǡ
ͻȻĿⱻԶһߺס
׷ǰĺǣ
ֻ˲䣬ǲ²⵽ǺǵԾ׷ǰǰڵĵط
뻺ĳǺȥԽǿǣܵѹҲԽԽ󣬴ó׷㺡ǲʮɵʱǿֲѹԽ顣
󷨣Ƿֹƻ׷ĺǡ۽缫㣬̿ǰ󷨵ãҲһ
׷ǰжһݡ볯׷ĺǰ˰ݡ
׷ĺûʲôûУȻǿΪ֮Ͼ±һЩ֮һеĿ󷨣ƻǡ
ţ
ͻȻĿǺϣѾưܵĿʵϣǰһɱ־ͼĿ⡣
־
üͷΪأ֪ΪʲôǸ־콣ŵı־Ϊƣ콣ôãȴδű־콣Ƶɡ
ʱ̫־Ѿʬ帯ıԭģڵӸԭӡҡҡͷҲȥǱ־顣
Ͼôȥˣưܵɫı־δؾԭӡ
֮ѰܿǱһǰڷűʯܣһȻĶͱˡߵˣпܾ׳
ϸѰһ飬˿ķ֣֮У׷ĺǣΨһĶǿյʯܡ
ȻʲôûСһʧ䣬ԭΪ׷ĺǣܹҵںϷĻԵȴʲôջҲûС
ˣͷ벻ɵˣղǽĴӣʱѾʧˡ


192 
ûǴӣô뿪
ǰ󷨵ܣ뾭ʱ䣬ҲЩ˽⣬ڵʵԲǿƿȻЩ˽⣬ȴ̸ϾͨҪҳ󷨵뿪֪Ҫʱ䡣
˵ϸ߶ʱ䲻Բû⣬ʱһͬᱻ޷뿪ֻᱻ
ô죿
Ժٵ˼ŶԲߡ
ţ
ͻȻĿڴϷĵ֮ϣλڴ֮£ϷʵǴı档ǵ֮ϣһҵĺۼЩۼӦµĺۼ
Щۼ
һâЩҵĺۼȻһԵħ
һ̣гһȻǰǽ۵ģһеĲܵһУ·ʧһ㡣һ̣ڳУֻͷʯڡ
ԣ
гһȻһ̣ȴٴҡҡͷһߣ
󽣵䱾ں󽣵ĳ룬ĽȻҲ°빦
һδεݣһδεľܿݳǰнǵ˵еʱݣȻ޷õǽе衣
׽ӣǰҲݵޱȵ˳Ϊʲô˵еʱҾ͸о￴ĸоüͷ塣
󽣵ֽıʣҲٵĽ׷֮ϣнͱ͸Ȼȴʼ޷ʯϵĽһ
еʲôأԺз˼
ʶ붼׷֮ϣ˵ʱĳΪ׷۷֮ʱĳǼ۷ߡ
Һ׷㵽ʲôͬ𡭡ȵȡ𡭡ͻȻǰһ׷һķǣ׷ͽںϣֻǽ߽϶ѡ
߽ϣ绹Ƿ磬ǻ𣬷ںϲͬںϣǾһ壬Ǿں֮ȲǷ磬Ҳǻ磬̺ͬ
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׷ǰȻĸֻµķʽͬˡԶһߺǣİ˰ݡ
һǰǳŷںϵĻԵʯڣҲƳĿǰƿ
û²⣬Ҫ뿪Ϊﵽһ̶ȣڶ취ǽԼ֮뵽Щ֮СͷĽۣһâ
ԸǿΪƿ󷨣ȻΨһİ취ǲں֮ʱѾǷ֣뿪Ĺؼͷʯ֮ϡ
뵽ҲԥʼͷĽۣǷںϣûмµʱ䣬ܣֻ¾ŵƥʯϵĽۣҪʱȴǴ

ڳں֮ʱںȴһ¡
ǰĻߣڰ·ȫ䣬һѪ֣˳߲Ϣһ߲һƬȻŭǲǼǰߣҹ̶
һΣҲųɵǼǿǰȥӦϾ֮ǰҳԱںڻŴۿۣΪǵЦ
˵ӣǼãȻԵߣЦǰ߲Ǳˣҳϣء
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Ҫ֪һεˣǻ˺Ϊţ콣ţѪţٻڣ
ÿһɳԼǼǿǰѪŵǰȻѪкܴĹϵȻһѪǰҲֻΪˣҪ֪Ѫܹ𣬾ΪѪ̺ͻҵһսѪվ˻һߡ²СͣѪŴе๦ӶѪ̵ġԲ˽˳Թ棬Ѫŵòǰ
ˣ
ڴʱһֱһѪͻȻڵ
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ǻңһߣȻΪƿ̾һ⼸ˣںǼ֮УҲеȲΣغѪվ˺۷һΡȻһˣȻΪǻҵĵ̣ݣµĸ
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Ѫ̣λֱѪսԼδκϢӰ
ѪӱüͷһǻҵϢһѪӦѾĿǰѪӦüβꡣ
˻һؼ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ص飬Ȼ֪λ飬ҲϢֻû뵽ոռѪߣȻô£Ҫ֪ռأÿһϻһĻݷһʱ䣬һΪҪʱµ
һβѪȻܹô£ԲʲôĽɫ֮һѪҪӵѲ
Ѫ飬ǲҪǶˡһԵӱһ˿⡣
һλҳôÿ棬϶ưոݣѪ飬ѾǺ£ǻҺѪϾ
Ӱգ֮䣬ѾʧԶ
Щ뿪֮󲻾ãϵּ֮£һӰ¶Ρ
û뵽ҾȻɴ¸¡ѪʮȤӰٺһЦξȻǻ׵ʧ·δֹһ㡣


193 ȥ
еĳ룬һмû˿ĸо
ʱţҲ֪ȥ˶ãٴ۾ʱһƴϱ
ȻֱͻƵϸءı仯϶һ˿ϲɫ
ʯϵĽǷںϣ˵ֻһ棬ȫںϣ̻ջ񼫴ڵԪֱӴϸͻƵϸصĲΡ
û뵽󷨾ȻиϢãͻƣֻ¶Сп
֪ΪԽǸÿһͻƵʱԽҪ֮ҲԽ࣬ҲԽ󣬵׳ͻǼʱ򣬼ԶںǣܸܵԪ춯
Ȼں׳Ǵͻƣȫûпɱԣ磬ҲСһǣܸܵԪ춯
Ҳʱ׼뿪ˡ
뿴ͷʯڣоâʯϵĽѾֻҪǽ۵λοӡȥƿʯڡ
ݡ
һĽӳб˲ʯϵһۡ
ۡ
ӿգ֮û뵽ǽ֮С
ˡ
ǽûɲǣһĲһֱӴʯͶ
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ǵھŵûʯڵ˲䣬ʯڶȻм俪Ϸֱӳһ޴Ŀ϶
ߣ
һ㣬һԾǳǿʯȥ

˴󣬳ڴ֮УǴ򿪵ĵ棬һλĺ£գ֮ǻָ·ʲô¶ûһ㣬֪ˣ뵽·Ȼһ
׷ǲȻܹĴ󡣡뿴Žµĵ棬п
ǰĳ룬Ĵðʶ󷨲٣׷󷨸ӾҲǲ٣ܹģȴǼ١󷨺似һĶƿڴУѰߺѵõ
ͻȻʼҵҡͷʯھȻʼһơ
ãҪˡһĻɫʱһ䣬ⶴڵصףҪϸҲԻɡ
뵽ﻹҶԭ߶磬ٵĳŶȥ
֮УԲʮĵ濪ʼҵĻζǻζĵ棬޷׷룬һʱ䣬ԶΪģ˾ء
䡫䡫
һ촫ؿʼݣһСĿӶϵĳ֣³ʧ
ಡ
ڴʱһӰͻȻһӳģǱǸոӳĳ롣
ܵĵ涼ݣ˿ͣμٵĳȥֻʮʱ䣬ѾһƬݵ

Żڼݵĵ棬벻һݵķΧ֮ǼʱӳһʼݣֻӲ
Ӧ׷µֶΡǰһУ
ⶴ粻ݣݣƫƫǳõ׷ķںϴ֮ʼݣȻ׷µġֻʯϵľŵ۱ͻԻ٣һ֤ԼĴУҲԼʬܵ˵Ĵš
ԻٶֶΣԪҲǼΪһЩǿߣҵ˺ʵĴ֮󣬶Ի󷨾ͻ
ݵĹ̺ܿ죬ֻвһյĹԭһŵƽأʱһԼʮɣԲʮҵĴӡ֮бˮľۼأӲŸոճ֣ӵѾܹһЩˮֻҪ˶ãͻγһ
׷㵱ѡȥΪ֪Իٶ֮󣬻ɡǰγеĺ̾һ
뿪ʱԶʣһɫӰٵ
ǰˣ빧˲Ǳˣ׳ǵ׳
׳˵ͷ׷ǰĶ
ǽԼ֮һ˵˳Ͼ¾ҲסϸĶʮֵļӲǧ궼δػݣο׷ĶŲʱ䡣
ȻҲʯϵĽۣϧҸûвʲô׳Цҡҡͷ
׳ߵǻ֮һʯϵĽۣǷں֮ĵҲҪϵ߲ܲ׳𿴲ʲô⣬Ҳ֮Уǿ׷µĴУǲʺϵߣôܵõĴС׳ܹ׷֮һĸѾˡ
ˣֱӻ콣ţ׳ͻȻڵ
΢΢ͷЩɻĿ׳
⼸ʱ䶼ڶ֮УԲ֪֮ǰʹ߱Ѫɱ׳ɫص
ʲô
ɫ䣬ʹ߱ɱˣΪԲ㲻ǼǿߣֻҲϸ۷ΣΪȻɱһںȷһ¡һУƺûʲô̫ĹϵϾǸε飬ڵܹӴġ
֮ǰҵʹǰǰʹһˣ˴ӵǼΪ˶ֻϸΪʱ䣬ŵһѾڶԷС׳𿪿ڵ
⡭ʱ׹ҵĳԱǰսͬȴǺйˡ
ҵԱѪţһ콣š׳𿪿ڵ
ЦһҼȻսһǿţΪʵŵ콣ţֻҲڶԷս֮С
⼸죬Ѫ̰Щ쳣Ѿӽ䱸ţҲʼٻߣԼҲöСġ׳۳룬
лǰѡͷѹֺĶչûã׳ͳˣֻºѾ֪ͨЩϡ
Ŀ׳뿪ɫҲǱ
һΣѪ̵ͼıСа
Ѫܹڰô߲꣬Ȼǳ嶯֮ʱ䣬Ѫȴ˵ķΨһĽ;ǣѪ̵ʵѾҪǰءԲʲôϢһҺѪٴαսԱʵûС
Ը̫ٸҼʱ䣬ȫܹԱһһ㣬磬գ֮䣬Ѿʧּ䡣

Ѫš
һĴţӵܺ࣬Ȼ죬Ѫŵڶӣ֪ʲôˣ졣
̨֮ϣһź۵ǱźüĽۣ棬һŻꡣ
ʲôѪţ񵶹ӣҲ˶ѣŵ繫Ӷ硣һм
㡭
ԣʱŭÿ񵶹ӣʱܹ裬Ѫţһ𾴵Ľһӡ
Һƴˡ
ŭһһΣɱ˻ꡣ
겻мһЦгһͬһ㣬˲˺ӵĴ󵶡

һȣӶʱɳȥ̨
û뵽񵶹ӣ˳סһĻѪ˵ɫѿ˼㣬ǵŵӣͻҵߣྐྵȻôͬΪ֮£ûʲô֮
ѹ˵ҵˣʸλǰǰʮһϿ̨ϾǿЦ
ȻѪŻһλһѪûڣѪӱȿ񵶹ǿҲޣֻ³սҲǻĶ֡
һ̣Ѫŵ˶ޱȵĳĬԻҵߣЩνţһЦ
ѪŰˣ콣šûѪһֱ̨Ŀȴǿ콣ŵķţѾܣֻʣһ콣Ŷѡ
˵콣źЩϵϣʧоâһš


194 佣ʵ
ص콣ŵʱѪſ񵶹ܵϢ֮ţźѪŶѾܡ
ΪʱѪĴΪ콣ĵӣҲǷ׷׹콣϶ۻҳԱսѪŵ顣
ʦ֣˵ҵĳԱ콣𣿡ױԵĳ룬üͷ
϶ġͷ¼ȷģҳԱսźѪţôܷŹ콣š
ױȻҲ֪һ㣬ֻԻҵսţѪţѾܣֻ콣Ҳһ;
Ϊ콣ŵĵӣȻǲ뿴콣ܣ¶ǻҳԱܶ콣ŵҲһСĴ
˵ǿ񵶹ӵʵڵ֮£׼ܣֻΨǬ֣лᡣױЦ
ǬλΪߵһ֮ͬУܹʤҲֻӣѪӺҲҪһЩ
Ǭ
ǰһڵʵ⾪Ҳǲ壬ȫӵὣӵʵһλҵսҲΪڴڵѾվ˺ͬĶΡ
ҳԱû콣žõȣѪܵĵ죬λҳԱڻʹӱĴ֮£콣š
ڻҵĵڶ죬Ԥ֮еսҲ֮٣һսľǻ佣Ѧꡣ
佣
һâ佣ڴˣһֱʮֵСģϾϵ˵ǽгǸΪ֮ˡ
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̨ϣӰһͳը˵Ľִ
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ҵߣôǿѦһʼͱѹˣ
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ѪŵĿ񵶹ӣױܣοѦꡣ
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콣ĵߣȻ˲һǰһĴ̼콣ŵĵӡ
Ȼ֮Ѿ˵Ƶļޣֻ¶˵ΣҲǴﵽ˽һԲ磬һâ棬Ҳǲ
û㣡
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һĻڶ콣ŵӵɫޱȵѿһյĹĴ󽣹֮һѦˡǰһУʵЩ콣ŵĵӾɥ˼㡣
ȻˣüͷһϵϢѦԲʲôöԸĽɫںܲ׵ı֮УѦȴûбֳ˿֮
ѵϵϢ󣿡а
Ѧ׵ľˣ˿Ҫôε̫ãҪôֻʵ
Ѧ꣬ó汾ҿɲһȫֵļһԡڴʱ̨ϵܲ˵
˻ѦһһâܿʧЦ˵˵Цˣ¾㱾£ּЦˡ
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ܲʲôˣǿǻˣǰսڶţȻ˹ʵⲻǰ
ಡ
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ģܲôʵģܵĽ⣬Ѧɫʱѿ˼㡣
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ɶ񣡡
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ȹǰһ˵ɡգѦɬҡҡͷʱ򣬾ܲĴ콣ҲκβöԷǰװˡ
䡫
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ȻˣѦ껹ǿ£Ȼص֮ɫΪأЩѦƭȥҪѣֻѦʵֻϸضѡ
һ
ʱ̨µ⾪˵ɫҲѿ˼㣬һֱǷϵѦȻѾϸصΪѾ֮£ȫвǵĵλ
ѦصĻҶûְ쳣ɫѿ˼㣬ٱҲ֪Ѧǰ䣬Ҫʵɱһֲ
صһ¶ˡЦʱЩлܲһˣҪܲǰֻ͵Ѧꡣ
Ȼʵҿ㵽жǿܲЦһѾǳѦ˹ȥ
ߡѦһܣӭȥҪܲףҪ¶Լʵα¶ӱ֮ϣ⾪϶ҪһֲȻûˡ
ˣѦǰܲҲû˿ĺøУȻѾ¶ʵѦҲû˿أ̨ϣӰ˲սһ


195 
ͻȻѦ꣬ܲ׶ʱҲ޷¶Է
ˣڳȴʮֵѦȻܲ׵Ķ֣Ϊܲ״˿ʹõĲϸ۷ʵѡ
ѦʦѾõƣϸصʵȻռ˿Ϸ硣
ܲҲδ̫ǿˣѦʦֿĴ󽣹֮һڵʵֻҪһЩ
̨µ콣ŵɫޱȵѿѦչֳʵֻڽ֮УҲĩɾԱΪ͵ܲ׾Ȼռ˿ıˡ
ѦѾ¶ԼʵȻʤֻʩչϸΪܲס⾪оѣʱѦ꣬Ҳ˵ʤ
ֻ⾪ɫΪѿһԵ㣬ɫҲǲôãΪսĶ֮Уһ
ȻаʤڵѦ꣬ϸصΪȴ޷ܲ㡣
Գ֣ҲܲɣҪ֪źʹŵӣҪʤѰͬߣʲô¡ҪʤͬǴţͬŵȴףȻѦǿȴǿޡ
ܲ׵ϣƺӵӰǲǺ޵еţ֮ͬĶ֣Ц콣ͬǬҲС
ֻӣͬΪ֮ʤɡЦһ
ȻţȴӸܲμıԣӶԣϸıսû˿壬ĿǼ
顫顫
̨ϣһըӰٵĽ
ǽӣǱѪŵǿһЩϸصʵ޷ʤˡܲŲԶѦ꣬Ц˵
ߡѦһɫޱȵϸصܲӦǶԷΪϸأɡ
䣬Ҳ̫ѿˡѦа
ԭʵΪ˽ӵ֮սʱǰ¶Ѿʧȥ˳䲻ЧڱһͿžһСĴ
ɣҿ㵽жǿѦŭһһɱܲס
սܲ׵ͺһϸصƺޱıһ㣬磬ɲ֮䣬ʽ䣬Ѧٴαֻм֮
һĻв̸һѦʵջһܡ
ѦҪˡ
˲һյĹ򣬳΢΢ҡҡͷ
˵Ĳ಻СѦ˿ϸصΪҲ޷ıڵ֮ͽϵĲࡣ
顫
һը죬Ѧֱӱɳ̨һսѦܡ
ʦ֣ıԽҰɡ
һսĻ֮ʱһöֻһŮԾ̨
ܲ׵˵ͷ̨ͺŵĽսһĥ£һǰȻеս档
壬齣ͽ̡Ů
˻⾪Цһһ̣һ㣬Ծ̨
齣⾪𡣡
ң塣
⾪𳤽һɫ̱ǰŮŶʮ겻ȴ˿Ĵ⡣
Сģɲ΢΢һЦһ̣һѾɱ⾪
ÿ졣ǳ壬⾪ͫ͵һ㣬μˣг̻һĻס

⽻Ľ
ոһ֣⾪ѾǴ·硣
ʵƺ֮ܲһЩ⾪Ȼ·磬ǿ֣˶ܿóܣҲʱѡ
һյҵļս⾪𲻳ܣȻֵʱûѦǿҲ֪ѦʵҲֽܼһʱ䡣
սܡ
콣˵Ŀʱ˽ʣµĵ㡣
ܵ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳп˵һսûлʤĿܡԷʵ֮ǬҪǿһЩǬУʤԷ
һΣҵܲٴγսĽ֣ܡ
ˣ콣ţλӣѾܣֻʣ»ڱչصǬûг֡
ŵܣ콣һҲ˼㣬ÿһӵ϶ǿɬѡΪ콣ŵӵĽһ̣Ȼ˵ĿЦ
ಡ
˴뿪ʱ徹ȻٴԾ̨
һĻ˲ͣ
սѵʦֳˣ
̨ϵƺҪս˵һʱ뵽ǬĴ󽣹ӣֻʣǬûսѡ
Ǭ𣿡һâ
ǬҲʮֵĺ棬˵ǬʵλӲ٣콣֮ͬе֮ĵһ콣Ȼһʱ䣬ȴδǬвԴЩ档
˵һλ˫ͬ޵ߣ֪ɷͽ̡̨
Ȼսʦ֡
˫ͬޣǲǳ𣿡
ս룿
콣ҲסˣԭΪսǬû뵽ԷսľȻǳ롣
Ҫ˵콣ͷҲСֱ׷ӣϾ콣岻ãѾϸصΪȴὣӵ
սңҲЩɵˣͬû뵽սľȻ
ô
ЦѣԭΪһεսԼûʲôϵû뵽ҵˣսˡ
ʦ֡
һԵİױĿų룬ҲˣսӵıԣôͻȻսˡ
ಡ
һ̨ȥһսȴǲòӭս
ҵս콣ӦսûУԻΪЦҲΪʲô⾪ˣ֪ûʲôʤ㣬ҲֻӲͷƤսԭ򡣱޿ɱܣӭսǸˣ콣ŵŶһ޴Ĵ
Ǹ˫ͬ޵ߣ忴ǰͺԼߣڵ
콣ţ롣ͷ
忴ǰӣ΢΢ͷ˫ͬޣǻҵĳԱҲ׳ԣһ콣ŵĵӣȻҳ˫ͬޣҲΪ
ܹ˫ͬޣﵽزʵѵãֻһ֮Уһϯ֮ءп
ΪΪǿ˫ͬ޵ҲûУ̤ǼҲУ˫ͬ޵ߣɾȴޡΪ˫ͬ޲ǿΪ̫ǿںϸ̫ѣߵԪޣЩ˫ͬ޵ߣԪ޵Ҳûͻơ
Դˣᣬͬ޵Ѷȣ֮һֵ˲ֹһѰߣǲһֵ˵ʮգοֵ벢Լľѣ˫ͬ޵·ȻߣջҲǾ޴ġ
˫ͬ޵ߣͬΪ֮£޵У׷㲻ϸ۷ΪɴѪ㻤ѣɼһߡ
ְɣҼʶһ£˫ͬ޵ߣжǿоâһϸصƣޱı
ս
ͺһһ磬˲ǰ
죡
һ֣Ƕ˷зϵʽŻҵߣֻһֵûʤ㡣
ĺã
ܵǽ̺֮ŵĿֲܣЦһһһɲ֮䣬γһܲ͸ĽĻֵϮĽ⡣


196 
Ľͬˮһ㣬óĽ̲ȥ
ˮ֮
һ۾Ϳˮ֮ڷ֮ϼΪó
ϣȻƿҵķȻֵסһУɫҲ΢΢һ䣬˫ϵܣԾС
Ҳһ
ͺһһеĳͬһ㣬к˲䳯ֶȥ
һҲҴ⣬ڵԪ߶ޣμˣһߣϮĽʱ
̨ϣϵĽ֣һʱ価ɱѷѽ⡣
Ƿͬ޵ߣȻܺС嶷൱̨ϣܲ׿̨ҲǸпѡ
˽ֵ߲٣ܹȴǼ١
ģȻôǿ
ɫѿ˼㣬ԭ֪ͻƵϸҲû̫⣬Ǵ˿̼ɳزѾвˡ
ֻ㣬Ѧɫͬʮֵѿ̣ΪĽᣬʮþȣû뵽һսǰ¶Լʵһ޴в
û뵽Сӳɳ֮죬ֻҪ˶þвҵĵλѦоâƺھʲô
λ֮УΪ˵⾪𣬳չֳʵԽǿĺôԽвĵλ̫⡣ϾӵȻ󣬵ʵǸһֱվߵģʵԽǿߵԽߡ֮ǰһֱ㣬˽ݵĲ࣬ΪҪľǣվǱߵߣԶ⾪߸ࡣ
Խǽ֣ԽĿ£ȻԷѹΪ֮ͽȴ˿ʵսľ飬ҲǼΪķḻ
˼˽һյĹ򣬳ɫҲǱüΪѿڣѾǿƾŷϣκβ塣Էˮ֮ͬޱȵóĹ޷ƿԷķȻҲ޷ȡʤ
Ƿͬ޵ߣԵڣҾȻκβ㣬ҲʱˡͻȻڵ
δ䣬һصĲӿһ̣һ˲佫ֽ̨ȥ
صѹ̨֮ɢһɿֲѹܵһһ̣·ųȥһ㡣
ą֮̇̄ܵɢܣ̨ϣ콣һĳɫʱһ䡣
򣡡
ֻǵΰˡڴʱһöһԵĻʹӱ
˻콣ŵĳϲЦ
ΣҲǴ˵Ĵڰ
ͬƺûƵһ֮Ĳ̫ˣû֮䣬໹Ҫ
ߣͬΪ޵УԽɱУҲ¡ǬΪʲôܹȵһӵıΪǬ˵ΣֻǵΣҲĽ˾޴Ĳ࣬ûܹв
һսҪ𣿡̾һҲû뵽ҵߣȻ˵Ρ
ǡΣ
ܵܵķ֮Ȼ޷ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ļʶһ۱жϳѾ˵Ρ
ǿǼֶΣϸߣëǣǵΣҲǼ١ڹޱߣԪ磬ϸܹģҲˡ
͵Ʋһͬһ㣬ڵֵķΧ֮УΨе˲ʹ֮ĵų⡣
޷ʹ֮ƵߣʵȻȴڵ֮ɵ֮˳֮£˵ͬΪΪȵǿҲ֡
鷳ˣ
ɫ쳣˵ֻ򵽵ΣǿһЩ֮ʵȴǴۿۡ
ȻǵΣ³䶨ˡ̨ܵı仯һ㶣Ŵϲѡ
֮ǰչֳԺƥеʵȻ˫Ϊֻϸأóֵʱ̫ɣűȻԭһ츳ĵѾʮֵĿˣˣһżţΪӣҲöԸ롣ܣǽȻͬˣ˶ˣѰӸ֪еĲȻҲԳ࿴
ͬĵĻѦ꣬˱óԼˣȻ뿴˱ǿܶԣͬϲһ
ô⾪ɫʮֵѿȻ֪ҵ߿ʲôƣĵʵ̫ǿˣǿжһСεߣǬ棬ֻҲûʲôʤ㡣
Ȼó룬ԺĳܳΪµǬʱԺ󣬶ڣڵĳ룬ϸصߣǣʱ̫ˣ
ݡ
ͻȻ̨ϵ嶯ˣеĳһ

һεˮȻէ֣ųǣĳų뱬ȥ
ǵĿ£ڵ֮У˶Եôﵽ˼£ϵļӳ֣ܹԼʵʻˡˮ֮һܹ֮ɲ֮䣬γһˮ֮һǻ֮࣬һ׵硣ϾֻΣĵ򣬼ΪѹƵϸأܹʵʻˮʵ̫١ǿߣܹԼĵʵʻĵ֣֮Уߣ޿ƥеߣӵоǿʵƿ򣬲ܻܶԷ
ܵϮĽ⣬ɫ䣬㣬μˡ
ȻٶȻˮٶȴǸ죬ɲ֮䣬Ѿǰ
ֻܲܶˡ
̾һںϣǴ㳹ں֮󣬲ű¶ŵѹƣȴòǰʹó
ˡ
볤һһɽȻͬƴϱȻܲĵΣȴѾʮֵĽӽĽ֣ȻǽϮĽˮֵ
⡭һĻҲסˣεĿ£ʮֵڻʼڣҲδйͬΪɵֵߡ
ںϣ
̨ϣ콣ŵĳϺӱ͵վһŵĿ̨ϵĳ롣
˫ͬȻ٣ټҲûУܹ˫ϵҲǲ٣ܹ˫ںϵȴǷëǡ
˵˫ǿ˫ͬΣô˫ںϣѾ̤˫ͬ޵ĴšֻҪ·ȥضܹĳں˫
Ҵܹ꣬˫ںϵҲǼ٣ܹڳͺΪںϣΪҲѹӱ˼ӱȴ侲
˫ںϵߣȷǿޱȣûҲȴߣһ򣬸ǿֲޱȡ˫ͬһ޴ȱݣǾٶʵ̫ϸλܿԴʱ䡣ǼΣҪԴҪԴǻҶۡȫһλ˫ͬ޵ţնԷҲṳ̂Ԫ
ڻҶԣҲֻлԪǿߣǲһУǼߣԪǧ꣬Ϊһǿ˫ͬ޵ߣ˷ǸͬߵԴȻʲôǵ顣
³չֳںϵ츳ҲֻӱǰһѣΪҸܽԪȻҲͲϡ
ҿǼߣ콣ſϰ콣ҲʮǼߣһͬ޵ߣ콣ŵʵȻ
±ϱţһֻ²ѷɫڵλߵһâ


197 
˵չֳںϵǿ󣬵ŵεѹƣںϵֻܷӳ߰˳ɣһսȻǴ·硣
̫ǿˣ˾Ȼôǿ󡣡
ʵȫʸὣӵˡ
֪ӵнʵߣҲϸ۷ΪչֳʵѾȲϸص߻Ҫǿ
̨ϣÿһ̳ǴΣǿ׷µǿУĴҲԽԽ
ȻǲаҲΣŵֻǳΣں֮ҲǲһЩ
ȻܹݵĽ֣һʱ䳤ˣܵȻ
ʹ죬ڵţѾܾûˣȫһսˡսȴԽԽߣںЩʱ䣬ֹٵνţûһõΣ˵ʩչε֮£Ѹ¡
ԭһγЩνʮֵʧǳȴ׹Щûţûѡ
ŵĵһţӣӱԸ߹ǣڵʵͶԷ֣ذɡΪѾĴڣټҲ϶һΡ
սս
սԽԽߣеĳϵĻӶĽΣĳųкȥ
콣꣬Ҳпֻ֪ȫֵ
䡫䡫䡫
һ촫Ǿ޴ķ֮£ϵĺˡ
ššš
ͳĽŲǼӲ̨ĵ棬һǳǳӡӡ

ˣȴȫȻûµĳ룬ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ԼȫֵܣʮֵϸصֵܹǷ֮ϸصߡ

һâ
ǿ̨ϵӱ콣ųҲ΢΢һȻҲû뵽Ȼôǿֵܹסǰǿķ֮
ǿ᳤ϣ콣ŵصĹӱԵߣп
˻᳤ϲЦһʹֲǲ콣ŵ飬ȻЩ幦ȴ࣬οǿ
ӱһ˵ͷ콣ŵ飬ȻȻ֧֣ϾЩЩѾ͵ࡣǿڻҲǼΪټο콣š
ӵдԵ֮ӱ
Ȼ콣ţξ콣ţȻ̫ʲôǿָ㣬ΨһĿܾеõһǿǻԵ
֮·츳ԴȻҪԵҲͬɻȱһԵͻƵĹؼ
УڵԪֻʣ²ĳɣȥܿͻᱻĹ⡣ܵʣԪɫҲǱ
ǸͻϸزãűԪԪܣܺϸ۷൱ԪȴȻֻϸسڶѡڣڵԪѾ̫ࡣ
Ȼĸıڵľ棬ŵѹƣֻܲϵмܣлᷴ
СҪˡ
̫ˡ
Ѧ궼ǼǵȻܹóֻʱѡ
ĵ򣡡
Ʋѣǵѹƣ壬Ҳȫڱľ棬ֻǵΣ֮Уߡ
򣡡
̾һǰǼ۷ߣѾԲȴǷں֮ĵҲֻܷ򣬶ǵһַ߻֮
֪һս䣬зһһߵֵĹһ߹۲ĵ
׷µĸϣҲֶ֮࣬ÿ˵ĸĲͬͬˮ֮򣬻˸ˮҲ˸ˮᣬ˶졣ֵͬĵҲǲͬڵ֮֮ϣǽǰ˵·ߣ׷֮µĸ򲻶࣬ҲǲĴ;
˫ͬ޵ľ鱾Ͳ࣬³ǰ֮ѾﵽԲ̶ȣڷںܹ֮ĵطҲǼΪޡ
ˮϸ꣬Ҳưô꣬Ȼˮ񱩵һ档ܵܵĵѹףˮˮ͵һ档
񱩳ȣº͡
һɲǣԺһ⣬һ̣г΢΢һ䡣
𱩣𣬻̷磬ศ
һһɫĻ棬Ȼӳ볤֮б
͡͡
ϮˮڽӴǰɫɲǣ˲ʧ
⡭
һĻ岻סˣˮǵӳ֮£ʵʻˮֻҪڣˮ㱻ɢҲٴۣȻղţˮȻֱˡ
ǡΣ̨ϣӱɫ͵һ䣬ӳ֮£ǷںϣҲѹƣˮҪ׵һ㣬ͬߣ֮
Ρ
᳤һ;ںϣѾԾѣھȻڿʼΡ
ͣΣһӡ᳤ϼ
չֳ츳ѾԽ˽ΣΪֻ̫ͣǬñѹһͷںϵǺεȵǿ󡣾ͨĵҲᱻѹơ
ѹƣʲôΣ֮ǰĳĽ־֪·ںϵĳʵ壬Ľ֮Уֻһͼ
һԵӱ⻰˵ͷһΣ·һֱȥĵ򣬲ʲô¡Ϊˣ˫ںϵĵǺεȿ¡
ϧںϵĽ̫ˣֻܿԼǿţܵȫɣһƬ硭
ӱ̨ϵĳ룬ȴǰҡҡͷ㾡ȫ޷һλԪ˫ͬǿߣοֻ˵츳ѾԽЩܹķΧ츳ǿҲöǺ£ǱûǿԴ֧֣츳ǿɾҲޡ
𣿡˿Ҳǻعܵǰѹǵ֮У֮Ҳܵѹơ
ֻǳΣ˿£˫ͬ޵ߡҲ𾪲ѡ
Ҫ֪Ҳһʱˣ벻Ÿո򣬰˵ĵӦöԳĵЩѹƲŶԡʵȴǷ˹ĵѹƳ룬ǳĵѹ
ҿɲġͺһ㣬˲˳룬ǻҳԱ³ǷںϵߣҲ˿η塣
𣿲ڵңɲ㡣ų壬΢΢һЦһ̣ξȻǴԭ˲ܿһ
ô죿ɫһ䣬쳣ѿǲŸոôã
Լ֮󣬽ڵĵ伮òõɱ벻ոΣȻõ죬ԾС
ȴǲ֪ԭԲߣԵøϸ߿ɱȣ˵ںϺĵͻ֮򲢲ȫͬеһЩ÷ȴ֮Ȼʲô¡


198 
̨ϵתҲ̨¹սЩɵۣԭѹƣۿҪܵĳ룬ͻȻ֮ѹס塣
Ѱ߻ʲôһ֮ȴ
ܣôôΣôܡϾǲ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ϸذǱΪ콣һ츳ǬҲǵϸصΪΡ
ˣոմѣΣȴ֪ʲôʱܰ쵽Ƕû쵽飬ȴǰ쵽ˣ˵Ǹ츳
Ҳ츳Ľӣʲôһϸص߰ˡѦһʵĿ̨ϵĳ롣
ô꣬ѦΪڽӵ֮ȡúõı֣ڣĳ֣ȴǽ׵ıȥ
Χ۵ڶߣĽмʣȴǾ壬λӵܣصĴ콣˵ġԭΪĳ룬ȴڴ˿ǿϣ
ֵʵǡױһЦĿ̨
ͳһͬ콣ţЩʱ䣬ĽҲǾ޴ģȻͳȣȴû˿Ŀɱԡڵϸδ̤룬룬ȴѾӵ֮ͬ³ԽӵʵҪ˶ãĴ󽣹Ӿͻһϯ֮ء
һ̣˶ʶˣ벻һҵˣ콣ţǲһʱѡ
̨ϣǿ֧ţˮ򱻳ķѹƣԭԵɬлʤĻᡣԵȴ֮ϣҲΣֻڳĵ֮Уʮжס
ҲˮһóѾܡ
һսСˡ̨⣬ܲ̾һ
ݡݡ
һɫĽˮķǲظⶴһըֱӱ˿ʮಽҲһ˿Ѫ
ˡ
忴۲Զĳ룬ЩʧĿڵ
˻벻һһսӮÿɲɣҪ;ͻȻΣһսɡ
á
빰˹֡
̨һλҳԱܲҲûս˼ͳһԳ֣ܵҲп
ܲ׵ʵȻǿһЩҲΪޣԷͬᱻѹƣ֮ͬ£ûʤİա
룬룡
ųĻʤ㳡϶ǻ
ţţڻҳԱԪ󽣹ҲǺ⣬ڳҵȴˡ
Ļʤʹ콣ѹţΪҪǣ콣ŵĵĴ
֪֮·ᶨ֮ģ߲ɻȱҪһߵ֮ܵܿһ겻ܻħпܡ
㳡ϵĻѦĶУȴ쳣Ĵ̶˲ûжʧȺ֮С
ϲ᳤ϣ콣γһλ˲šӱųķЦ˵
һԵ᳤ԣҲοЦΪŵĸ߲㣬ĶţȻϲúܡ
ΪʲôܹѹѪź콣һͷΪһ֮гһ
ڣչֳ츳ȴֱ׷ӣŵȵɳӵĵزֻһӡ
һսҲǳ׵콣ŴҲֱȻֻϸصΪѾ˿Ĵ󽣹ӡ⻹ΪڵΪͽӲ಻СһΪӣֱֻ׷Ǭ
ʱ򣬱ǰݷãǼһս߶ֻ֪Ҫ벻䣬ӱضһϯ֮أǬĳƺţҲʲô¡һύǿߵĻᣬȻŹ
ǰݷõ֮УһЩӵнʵţڳǰȴǷŵ̬Ͼϸصĳ룬ҳԱˣһλӶû
ʦܣҪ˶ã־ͻᴫ⾪Ц˵
ҵԸĺáȴ΢΢ҡҡͷ
⾪һƺ뵽ʲô΢΢˵ͷʱ򣬵ȷǵ͵һЩΪãû㹻츳ŲԴб
ʱֵѪΪŵŶ׷ٻأʱͻȻðһţ϶ᱻѪ̶ϡ
Ȼһ㣬ҪãҪŲãûй׺츳ҪŵԴǲܵ顣
ҲΪʲôĴ󽣹Ӿ˼ҵԵʣĴ󽣹콣ţӱȴŽܵԴ͵λ
ѦԼǽӵΪҪǿ˽ӵԴԽǿǰܵԴҲԽࡣ
žһΣҲҶԸˡ⾪
ԸһͨĵӣݣȻѣҲص̫ܵصĳͷǶԸһǿţŸ߲ԲģҲҳ֣һ֣ӵݶס
΢΢ͷһΣ߲϶עҪǰôԸȻ̫ܣҾԳ֣ҲԱİգǲصĶԷв
һǴͷŸ߲ܿͻ㣬õԴҲࡣ⾪ЩĽ
֮ǰûеõŵصѾʵǵõԴбȻٴͻͽֻµʱǳ֡
ɡ΢΢һЦͬʱҲʮֵڴ
ͬޣǰĳ룬ҲԹûںϷ֮ǰǰڻ֮һ򣬻ܽ٣ںܹ֮ĵطԽԽ١Ϊ׷µĸ򣬶İҲʱֻܿԼ֮·עǰӵļ
֣ŵԴԵøӵҪ

սʤҳԱϢͬ˳һٵں
һլԺ֮УϢ֮ҲǴһ
Ȼʤ˻ҵĳԱһš
ΪĹӣѰ߸ҵĿ£ܹƬ½֮꣬񣬸Ѱ߿ġ
һǰλҳԱĻҳԱ֮УҲϲεţû뵽Ȼᱻܡ
˲ãҺҪһˡдϲֻΪʤ˻ҳԱΪҪǣţѣ
ںһլԺУɫȴѿ˼㣬һûеСӣȻһٶĴԤϣڣѾʤ˻ҳԱ
ôСô
ԸϢһ΢Сӣôеѹ
롭
ŭһҪ˶Ը룬ȴȵķ֣ڵȻûʲôֶˡ
ȻҲһЩǿߣҪԸȴǲףҾһΣ콣Ÿ߲㣬Ȼʮӳ룬һ¶콣ž㰭ںҶԸ콣ǿţһҲǼΪ
ҲŹġȻʱûʲôЧİ취Ը룬ȴʹ˷Ź룬Ҳ˵վǱߣעǵˣγֶԸ룬˫Ѿܻ͡
Űɣ룬һ֪ңţҲһҪ


199 
󿤡
Ҷ콣ŵˣոմϢһѪӽһŵݸˡ
ǳڴˣȻܹϳǰˣǵڽǸӡ
΢΢ͷӹſϵ֮ɫȴ͵һ䡣
ҵţȻˣ
Ӿȵ
ΪҵĶͷѪʮֵҵǿ󣬻ҵŸѷ֣û뵽Ȼܸ콣ŵĵӡ
ʲôˣȻܹʤҵţ
ҲΪĺ棬̿ȥϵ֮ɫȴ
Ȼ
룬ǸսʤŵľȻǳ룡
ҶϿҶҵϣͻȻ䣬ҶҵĴСϾҶϣģǳ롣
˵ӶԳ֮ǣǻѹƣ콣Ÿϧһɱ˳롣
ڣȻսʤ˻ҵţɱĴţһɳҶҪ𣬾ˡ
֪йע˵ĶӿǰѪ˵
ǣ
Ѫĵ˵ͷٵȥ
ţӳȥ
ˣϢӿ׵Ѫ㣬
΢˫۵Ѫԣ΢΢һգеű뵽ѪС
ţ˼û뵽ҵžȻˡѪ㿴еţ϶һ˿ζЦݡ
Ѫ̸𣬻һҶЩҵźж֣ѪԼҲ˵ϸܹʤҵĳԱ
룬ʱЩ졣Ѫüͷ
ˣɱϵǸС֡һ˵
ŶԭѪ΢΢˵ͷֻһϸصߣ츳ٸߣҲУϾûɳ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
Ҷ֪ɱѪ㿴ǰӣ
ǡҶ֪ҲϣϾҶҺѪ̸߲ΨһϵܲޣֻҶ֪µߣûһġ
㵹ǳʵӦʱ䣬ѪҪǱΪٴģĳѪ
֪Ҷ֪˵ͷ
ɱţնɱʹߣȻЩҡڵţͬģҲǽѪƵһΣյĵزѪ̻ûʵͻӲӲ֮£Ѫʱ䣬ҲǱΪٸʲô󶯾ⱻѰʲô˿
֪ͺã㵹ûȫڱĿ⡣Ѫ΢΢˵ͷҪҲûлᡣ
ˣҶ֪һ㵵ĿѪ㡣
֪£òҪʣֻȺҵɡѪ㵭ȻԸ϶˵ʲô
ǡҶ֪˵ͷ˳ȥ
ӱʵ۵ھŸŮٺ٣һλҲˡѪһЦһ˿֮ɫ

⾪Ԥϵһ㣬뿪󲻾ãһִõĵӱǰ֪ͨ룬ǰ콣
콣ǳƽµĵطѰӺѽȥһγܹǰȥҲΪڱʤ壬Ȼܵõ
ʦܣҾʹ㵽ˡǸִõӽ쵽콣ſڣͣ
ʦ֡
ͷӹ˹֣߽콣
սǼһλˣִһλҲЩ죬֮ǰͬӱսλ᳤ϡ
һˣΪ׵һӣȻԷֻϵԪû˿йȴǸܵһɵơ
ǳ룿׵ӿ۳룬ʵ
ӳ룬λϡ빧ڳĶǼǿߣվں۷
׵΢΢ͷ
һĵӣ˵λǼǿߣǼһˣҲǻ̿η岻ڳϣȴûп˿Ĳʮֵ򶨡̬ͲѰ߿ɱȡ
֪Ų٣ǽǸεţ콣ÿһкüλ࣬츳صߣȴǲࡣ
һܺ棬ΪʲôһλǼһ档׵ӿڵ
΢΢ͷеȷǺ棬˵žȫһǼĳϳ棬ѾԣλǼϳ棬֮ǰû뵽
ƽգˣҲǧѡ
ƽյ콣ţҲǼĳǼǿߣѾ콣Űϵȫʵ
һҲѪ̵Ķ̫󣬱չصĳϷ׷׳أһμλϡ
һټΪǾ飬ȫ㡣׵ӿڵ
⻰뵹ûие̫֣Ͼչֳ츳ѾԽ˻ǰţҪŶȫֻ˵ŵ۹̫ˡ
ȻǾȫ㣬˫ͬ޵ļʵ̫٣ڹںϵļأûУڵ֮һ;ϣҪԼ׵ӵ
˻һЦŵ˵ͷԴˣҲԤϣصļأҲֻһȫֱӸͻϸҲ콣˲ٵĵ伮ûⷽĸأŻǰ׷㶴뷨
˵ڵ֮һ;޷ﵽ㣬Ǽµĵ伮Զ㿪ţϣ˵
лϡм˵һֵİСܲס࣬ͨп϶вСİΪҪǣ󽣵ںϸ似ҲҪȥƴȡˡ
󽣵ںϣҪĽΪΪЩƴִܹʡЩʱ䣬аǾ޴ġ
ҿɲʲôϣûҽܣһ콣ŵ׵Ц

һôҲû뵽ӾȻһ콣ŵҪ֪콣һš˵Ѱӣ⾪λӣĴҲָΨ״ӣǬܾ
æ
콣ŵҲǿǺǰǿߣ۷ǿߡ
ҹĿǰΪǷȱΪţ಻СĿɨ룬˵
΢΢ͷһ㣬ҲʮֵϾ˷˽ʮʱ䣬ţʮ̤꣬Σ۷Ҳǲܡܹڶ̶ʱ䣬ӺеϸѾǳˡ
ͶԣΪߵĸΪŻṩһЩԴ㾡Ϊڵ
лæ
лң²һ˾ġҡҡͷȫһˣĵԴǾ޴ģһ֮ҲûȨ
ʱ䣬ѪŰ㾡ʵһЩԱ֮ɫص
ûܳɳ̫ˣԶĲ˵Ѫ֮ǰһλţȴѪУȻϣԼŵҲѪŵλһ
Ѫ̣
ҲǼΪľ裬Ѫ̿вСĳԹѪ̵У֮ǰѪٻһսҲΪԵʧܡ
ǰѪûбΪʵСӴѪ̿ȫϲ࣬κͻҵıԣѪ̿϶ӣرλҶϵ壡
ˣ°ɡ
ǡ빧Ĺ˹֣˳˽


200 ɱ
ȥĳ룬Ŀڳϣλô
һ֮ǰĿƲƲ죬ͼ룬ڳ˽Ҳġ
ҺĿһ᳤ϵ
ӵȷΪ˷һĶֵ𣿡УһЩԥ˵
ҺֵĿһһߵ
ȻһǼԼĿ¾Ҿˣº󣬽͵ڵ
ôһȴû뵽ôż͵
Ѫ̻Ƶʱ䲻ǰ̾һγ֪µʱЩżˣĿǰǵʱ䣬Ѿˡ
˻˶ʱĬ漰Ѫ̣Ҳ˿Ĵ⣬һСģ콣žͻٲ

һˣ콣Ŷһ֮󣬱׼뿪뿪֮ǰȴܵ˻ҵ롣
ǰ
齵ıԺ˻֮⣬᳤㣬һλǰ콣ţ᳤ȫȨ
ڵͣʤ壬һҲӱ۳룬˵
ҵȻ٣ܹڳ;ʵȴǲ࣬ӱҲǲòп콣μ˱
ǰˣǻԵɺЩԵǿȡʤˡǫ
ҿǿܹһƬ½϶лԪǿһǼ벻öԷķۣȻ˿д
Ҳ̫ǫҼŲ٣Щġӱ΢΢һЦһת˫޵·ȴ쳣ļѣһҵļ֮Ҳǲ࣬·ߡ
΢΢ͷھһ·ʱ֪һ·ʮֵߣǾһ·֮·ޱȣη⣬ηǣߵ·Ҳͬʧܡ
˵ⷽļز࣬ĻۣҲЩ顣ӱڵ
˻벻΢΢һȴޱȵƣӱ˵⻰ʱʲô˼Ѳɻһ㽫Щĸ
ʲôЦĵøڻңҲǼΪô׽һϸصߣûû˵ı¡
֪ûȤһػңʱЩ伮Խһʱ䡣ӱͻȻ
ʲô
˻ֻǳ룬һԵ᳤ϣɫҲ΢΢һ䣬вһ˿õͷ
ʹ콣ŵĵӡ᳤ϳ
Ȼû˵̬ȷʵʮֵԣҵ콣ųϵ콣ŵŵӣȴЩ˼ˡ
룬˼Σӱû᳤ϣǿ
ԣҲǻعҡͷ콣ŵĵӡ
⻰᳤ϲһҪͻţ콣Ÿû˿Ŀɱԣ˵һҳ棬ʲôŲֵ
ӲûпԻҵ룬Ҳ˵ľ᳤ܾΪοԳҲǸ˲١
㲻ڣҪ֪ʼڣõԴ콣ȫͬĲΡӱų룬ڵ
ڡҡҡͷȻ콣źͻʼûʲôɱԣйС
ʼ˵ҲһţʵϣȴԻΪϾǻˣȥ˻ʼڣҲû߲ܵӡ
û壬ղŴӦңҷῴ㡣ӱ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ǰ㡭Щ㵵ĿӱԷղ̽
²ֻ̽ô򵥡
ҡҡͷӱղŵĻҲģֻǶڽԤϣŻдһ˵ܹóʼڣȻǺ£㲻ܼ룬Ҳ˻ҵ档
Ȼ㲻ԸʼڣȻͬ޵ĵ伮ӱЦŵ
ԣ᳤϶¶˾֮ɫȻûµӱڳȷľܾ֮󣬾ȻԸóЩ伮
л
Ҫڸлȴӱִϡ
ȲҪżлңĵ伮㣬ҲûҪģ̤ǼҪΪһʼڵϡӱڵ
ϣ
ҺһҲһЩǼߣΪϣһܹǿҵʵҲǿҶƿءܹҿеߣÿһǼеٮٮߡҲǳ˫ǵһ̤֮ǼҲδؿϡǼ߲֪ж٣ܹƸΪϣȴֻѡ
⡭ЩĶĿ⿴һԵ᳤ϣϾ콣ŵĵӣܴܲӦӱҪŵͬ⡣
ܵͶĿ⣬᳤ϲ΢΢˵ͷϵƼͣһ㲻ƸΪϣҲǾԵģҵ֮УͬߡҲǻҼǿϵһַʽ콣ͺͻҵһ𣬶Դˣ᳤Ȼᷴԡ
лǰԸ⡣ͷ
Դˣӱûие֣ʱѪ̸ٴ󶯾뱾Ҳֵ˵֮ǰһ
˱Ժ᳤ϲԵĳ롣
ǰңİС꣬мصĵ伮콣ſɱȡ᳤Ͽڵ
΢΢ͷ˵콣һֻèôҾϻ߲ڵ̻ʵϣͬĲΡ
һεĻᣬһҪպãºһλԵܰס㽫·ߺܶࡣ᳤ͻȻ
º󣬻Ե
һɻĿ᳤ϡ
»֪ʱ򣬵ȵʱȻˣ콣ܹںô꣬ɲǱô򵥡᳤΢΢Ц
һ콣ѵʲôܲɣ
ֻ΢룬ҡҡͷЩ黹ܹȥ²ġڵĵ֮Ǹӱǰʼڡ
֮ǰѪ̷ɱʹ飬ʱѪ̷·ʧټһӱĴսţѪҲû˿¶˼
ʱ̽ӱҲǷˣڶǴų룬һ뿪콣ţǰʶ
ˡ
һɰӱӿɲ֮䣬ǽֽȥ
صֿһ֮ǣô·ٶȸ졣ӱ
Ӻǰң֪·̣ʹѰĸ·ʽûдʱ䣬ܸϵӱȻ˷Ѵʱ·ֱ֮˰ȥȻĴһЩȴԴ˺һ·
ݡ
ӱһǴԭʧĵӰ䣬Ѿʧ֮С
ڼ뿪֮һɫӰһԵּ˳
¸£뿪ѪǼһӦ׼˰ɡӰЦһһ̣ӰǴԭʧƺδֹһ㡣
ӱ̣ǲǳʲôˣһ·ϣӱɫʮֵأһԵ岻ڵ
ûʲôˡӱҡҡͷ֪Ϊʲô뿪콣֮һֱ˶ϵĸоȻָоһţȴҴ⣬һ·֮϶ϸĲ̽ϧȴûз˿Ĳ֮
ʲôΣգмҪԼȻûзֲ֮ӱǲ
İɣӱ̣ѪЩ϶ŵöˡܲײΪ˵
Ըɡӱÿɷĵ˵ͷѪһֱǻҵĸ󻼣ôȥȻС
ٺ١ǿɲ󡣡
ڴʱһмЦȻ
ã⻰ӱɫʱһ䡣


201 սҶ֪
˾ȻܹϢصزֱӱŲԷΪ֮£Ҫǿ
ͬʱ˵ɫҲ͵һ䣬һСľ
Ѫ̣
ҷҳԱģѪ̣ˡ
Ǵ󵨣Ȼηҡ϶һ˿Ц
ʱ䣬ӱͬһֱڲ̽Ѫ̵ټȴûҵ˿ԭΪѪٴڰУȴ룬ԷȻ˴󵨣ҵڶηҡ
֪ϴλұ֮һӱһ˿СĶˣĸ߲㣬ҲǼΪСģչصǼǿ߼ȫأΪ˷ֹٷ
ݡݡݡ
ԶĵѪɫӰգ֮䣬ѾǰΪ׵һλѪɫֵˡ

ͻȻĿеһϣɫʱһ䣬ǵɱλҶϵ塣
뷢Ҷ֪Ҷ֪ͬǷ˳룬ν˼ۺ죬һѪ㣬ֻҶ֪Ѿ̶Գ֡
Ҷ֪һɱĿ۳룬ԵѪ
żҲӲѪ㿴۳룬˵ţĿȴǿӱ
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202 Իʾ
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ӱϵϢϵȻڼգ۵ĹѾǴﵽǼ۷ĲΣԽѪΪ
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СӵˡһĻҶ֪жʱϲɱôãϸصΪҲǲСοǳϸصߡ
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Ҷ֪г˲仯һ޴Ѫɫ⻪ݺݵĳųȥ
ۿѪɫ⻪ԽԽɫҲǱ
ʱ򣡡
ۿѪɫ⻪Ҫгʱ򣬳˲еɲ֮䣬һֲĲбӭĽ⡣
䡫
޴Ľɱһһ̣ɫĽֱӶѪɫ⻪ݺݵҶ֪

εĳԲ˲䱻Ǿ޴ֲ֣ľһˡ
룡
һĻһԵܲ׵ɫʱһ䣬Ȼ˺ͳĽӴܹ࣬һСţɳز˶ڳ룬ҲΪľ壬Ͼ˵ĳȳ˲֪٣ѹΪʱ򣬶ǳĶ֣ɼ츳Ǻεȵĸߡ
ڳҵ˶ԣҲֻбǸŵߣѰϸ۷ߣǿҲǱǶѡ
޴ĳϯҲǱ׷ɳʮɣ²Ѫۣǻһ˿Ѫ
ɹ𣿡ǰ̳򣬳ȴǹ˲ϵƣЩ
ֶĻɲ࣬һʧܵڶҪڵ֣ɾˡ
ಡ
ͻȻ̳УһӰٵӳģΪǱԷϵϢȴûм̫࣬Ҳû˵ӡ
С֣ȻңҪзĵҶ֪ĿŲԶĳ룬ﲻмһЦ
Գ룬ɲ˿Ĵ⣬ǳԪƺĵ˼ޣʮֵСģڳʱѾˡϧ̫ʽϣܿ˷ǵסĹȴˡ
Ȼֻˡ̸һþˣûзʵСʱôСһ˷߶ǿ߶ԣȫҲǸԷһЩ鷳ѡ
ϧֻ̺Ԫѣ˵˾ǵ̾һҲֻѣҪƵǰǱһĵ
Ҳ˵ƵģǻԪߣûлԪΪ޷ơܣҲǼǿȫһ֮ǰӱסѪһ⣬ǵеķƲϺַޣֻǼ۷ܣĵƵõﵽԪζѡ
С֣ȥɣ
Ҷ֪һΣ˲ɱ˳롣
ţ
ڴʱڼսеѪɫȴͻȻһ䣬ЩŵĿŲԶӱ
ôģѪɫ
ôͲˣѪ̻ЩֶΡӱһЦƺѪĻûиϵ֡
㽫ϢݳȥΣǸҪһЩʱ䣬ȫ֮ǰնɱ㡣Ѫһ
ڸղţͻȻõϢһǼǿ߸ӱġ˵뺮ԲܲĴڣΨһĿܾӱϢ˳ȥѪȴûа
𣿡ӱһЦһ̣жһöϽɫƣһӱ֡
ġѪɫѿ˼㣬һöȻû֮ǰһöǰǿ󣬵Ҫڶʱ乥ȻܡĴ󣬴ȷ޷ƿǴȴǲѣһ߸ϵǾߣҲ߲
Ѫɫһãһ̣


205 
Ѫ̾ЩķչȻʵָ٣һĽͻƵ˻Ԫ͵ĻȻ˲٣ȻѪҲٰô顣
ѪȻɱӱȴͻƴģľѪ̡

˻Ҷ֪˵ɫһ䣬ݲȻ֪Ѿò׵ȵһᣬ˷˵϶ЩģرҶ֪ͳɲֻӪжô򵥣˻˽
Ҷ֪æѪ㣬ٸһЩʱ䣬϶ܹնɱ룬Ǵᣬȴǲ֪Ҫȶá
Ѫ
Ҷ֪һʣѪȴǲΥһ㣬˲ͳ롣
ˡ
ͬʱһĲһ̣ѪһλѪ̵ҲǼٵĳԶȥ
룬ȥɡҪ뿪Ҷ֪ͻȻعͷеһһ̣һֲб˲䳯ųȥ
ʲô
һĻԭЩиģʱ͵ϮѪ֮УܵһɿֲĲܣԴﵽϸصĲΡ
ģɫ쳣ѿڵԪĴ߶ţηٵĺˣгһɫĽâɲ֮䣬ѾǽεĻס
롫
һԵܲ׿һĻɫҲǴ䣬˭Ҳû뵽Ѫ㳷ߵʱҶ֪ȻԳ붯֡
ӱҲû뵽һ㣬ȻѪɱһǹҲֻǵѪѣû뵽һϸ߾Ȼô󵨡
ˣӱʵǿǧɣҪԮҲѾ
ǳȥԻҵžһСĴϾ˶úõģͳˣѪ̳˵ʱɱ

ӱŭһһһĽ⳯ߵҶ֪˹ȥȻԮ룬ҪԸһߵҶ֪ȴʲô¡
䡫
ͬʱһֲľ촫ԳΪģһɿֲĳ𵴿˲ϯϰɵķΧĵĳ룬ȴ֪

ǱߣӱһҶ֪ﾪֵĴϸߣεסӱĺŭһ
ݡ
ۿҶ֪ҪǽУһѪӰӱһһ̣ӰѾӳϰɣգۼʧ˵С
Ѫ㣡ӱɫѿ˼㣬ǾҶ֪ĲǱˣǸոߵѪ㡣
Ѫʵ֮ϣ϶ԷԤıߵ·ҲǼƻõģӱ׷ɱҲóȻжһαУ˷ı
Զڵ㣬ӱĿ⿴ǲԶľ޴̳֮Уɫʱ
ಡ
ӱ̳⡣
ӱ̣ôˣ弱æ
ӱҡҡͷɫ쳣ء
˻ܲ˵ɫʱһ䣬֪һ߽֣һ½ֵϢرǸղǰ㼤ҵĹµϢʮֵĿ񱩣˶޷̳̽ĵ
ӱͬǼߣϸνֲϢ޷Ĳ̽޷̽˵ʮֵ⣬Ѿ䣡
ţ
ͻȻӱɫһ䣬Ŀ⿴˺ķֻԶ֮УٵʮӰ
ǺߡʱһԵܲˣҲע⵽˺ˡ
ʮӰΪ׵غѪһˡ
ӱ˰Ȼ֮ҲһǻҳԱΣںΧڳ£ҿɾˣһλ˵ܣڶǿɾʧְˡ
ֻأһԵҲһû£ǶҲһϢ
ʹʵ̫ˣǶû¡Цŵ
ӱ΢΢ͷɫȴǲôÿֻǱ鲻ѣҲû룬һԵĿӱ˵ϣɫȴ΢΢һ䡣벻ˣ
ʹæ츳Ǳ콣Ÿ߲һ¹ϵģΪ˳룬óһ콣ŵ£Գ붼˲Сĺ
Ȼӱһ˵ĳ룬˿ȴǲˣѵ
Ҽȥţ콣ǧҲδܹһ˾ʹ䣬콣ŵĴν
룿
˻һһԵ˲΢΢һѵ콣ŵĳȻŻһ
뵽ߵ϶ʱһ˿Ц⣬û£ǶԾ㹻ˣڳ룬ҲŹ콣һѷɫӵţѹΪʤ˻ҳԱ
˵ڶʵڶϲಢһӣȴѹʹ𣬶뱻Ϊһӡ콣ҲǸĽʣû뵽žȻҲεķ֮Уӻ¡ڳЩ˴˾ǾĹϵ˵ಫĵزԷ䣬ҲʧΪһ¡
룬ǸСӣԺһӰĿ⿴ӱ
ӱûж˵ֻǽĿ⿴˲Զɢȥ̳֮С
һĻף¾С
ţһʱǷиûгϢɫʱһ䣬ֲõĸо
ƻҲϸ۷ȫһɡһ̾һ
ϸصߣǶԣҲǿһЩ϶ѣǶһûɳţǶԸŶŶԣҲǾ޴вοֻһϸصߡ
ΪһǳĻԵû뵽̾һŴ쾳һ·еϸģȻʱ䲻ɳѸٵĵӣȴǼΪĿãȻҲȫֳ֧ǰʼڡֻϧ˭Ҳû뵽ԭһ޴ĻԵȴ˶Ҫ˳
̳ɢȥһƬǽ壬һԲɵĴӳ˵ǰǴ֮УȴǿһӰӶδ
޴棿
һĻ˲ҡҡͷ֮·ûɳ֮ǰʵ̫ˣǰѪŵѪ㣬콣ŵĳ롣
ž
˶ΪѾ֮ʱǵ涸ȻѿһѪӰӵ˳
룡ͻȻֵӰһϲһ˲˳Ӱǰ
ͻȻӵصӰǱˣǳ룬ֻǴ˿̵˼㣬ڵԪһգѪ֮ҲǼĴȻˡ
󣡡
ǻŵĳ룬һԵҲǸпѣǵȻܹȻˣЩȴûӰֻҪһʱָܻ
룬Σæ
ˡǿϵʹǿЦ
Ҷ֪һ߶ԪܣֵܵȻĹ֮»ҲˡڵѪ֮סҪȻɲֻô򵥡
ȷöҩȶơæͳһöҩڵ
ȻϵƲӰ쵽ԺУôصƣǲʱ룬пܻ
ҵİɡڴʱһȴһԵӱһöɫĵҩ
ûɫҩһԵɫ΢΢һ䣬ЩĽĿų룬ƺ޲˵Ƶá
룬·öҩɡһ۾ϳǻҶеʥҩʼɲĵҩɱȡ
ҲһˣȻҲǿӱﵤҩ֮Ҳӹҩȥֱ
ʮǼǿΪϸ߻֮£뿪ʼˣһϸĳ档


206 ִʶ
ʱţһתۣʱǹȥˡ
ϥָĳ룬˫ۣϵϢҲʵࡣ
룬ƻָΣһԵӱ״æڵ
лǰĵҩҵѾָ߰˳ɡм
ϵƣʮֵڵѪˣ˵صƣô̵ʱڻָ߰˳ɣɼӱóĵҩ
˻ӱ΢΢˵ͷʼǻʼڶеĵҩΪ󣬾ǻңҲֻкܵõ
û¾ͺãεƱȽأȻʼҩָ٣ҪעĻָȻ°˾ͲˡһԵڵ
ͷҪ֪ϸߣԪ꣬ʵϼܹ޵ģΪƽյкɱ°ˣЩ˻ƽտʲôһ˹ؼʱ̣ͿӰ쵽ߵ֮·
ˣ룬ΪʲôǸϸߣһҪɱ㣿һԵͻȻ
Ҫ֪Ҷ֪Ȼɱ룬ʵһʮΣյ飬Ѫ־Ҷ֪Ҷ֪϶ᱻŭӱһնɱ˵Ҷ֪Ҳ֪ʱΣգԷǳҪնɱ룬²ֻӪжô򵥡Ͼ˵ݣȴǲࡣ
˾ϴνҵˣϴƻļƻ뱨ɡЦȴûἰҶϵ顣
һҶС£漰ħ֮壬ȴҴ⣬Ͼĳɳ⣬϶˲ɲΪ¶ħ֮ܡ
ԭ΢΢ͷŵ£ҲŹû뵽Ǵӷ˵߾ȻҲһεķɱ
ѪԽԽ󵨣ȻҽӶϮʹǳÿ죬ҷǼ˲ɡһѪߵ
˻һۣǿɶ֪һηǵǵѪӣ⿪ڵıѪ
ѪҾ㵽ʱ²֡ӱ
˵֪ºѪû̫ĹϵѪӷӱжѪŵӡȴǲôá
ʹʲô˼Ѫɱҵӣô顣Ѫü
ѪǺ֮ǣΪһսѪźѪ̵ĶԹϾǶǰˣôȥٴĳԹҲˡ״Ӻӵȴ޷ͻѪ̺޲ó֮졣
ʵηǵģǸµӣѪ㣡ӱڵ
˻һѪӶʱһһ̱ǴܣԲܣѪǱѪɱôһѪ㻤
ҲԸţѪˣ似Ѫ̲ûУѪţǧڣҲΨǰȥѪӣһ似ɡӱѪӣ˵
Ѫˣ
Ѫ͵һѪǰݳ似Ǵ֮Ѫ̣ѪȻûСӱҲû˵ǧڣѪ˵ߣΨеѪⱻɱѪڣôܳ
ġͶѪ̡Ѫһš
ѪųģһֱԼĶһ㣬ѪҲûʧᣬǰ֮϶һϯ֮أΪѪǧһš߲ڶΪѪһǾʱһѪȴѪ̷ɱ
Ѫ಻ţⶼʵŵҲûѪʬɣӱ
ѪһȷȷûмѪʬ壬Ҳǿ߶ԣһɱʬ޴ǳе顣ҲֻݵսĺۼԼµƬжϳѪ㱻ɱ
ôûѪȻûһͶѪ̡
Ҫ֪⼸һֱĴѰѪ̵ټΪľѪ㱨𣬶ڣӱѪ㲻ûһͶ˵ˡνܣ
ʧѪӣһԵҲޱȵĳĬǣͻȻԼĲһЦͬ޷ܡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪͶѪ̣֮ѪӲǿӱ
ΪѪ̵Ĵиӱ̾һ
֪ʤΪڻţǡѪӲȻһЦһ̣һѾǻһѪӰȥ
Ȼ¶ĴСǻѪһʱҲ޷ܡ
ȥѪ̾һЦѪ񣬻֪ǵˡ
Ѫ꣬Ը͸˵ҶǵˣһѪ̺ͻٴοս˵Ѷ̷Ŀ
⻰˶ǳĬһҲǲԸԵģǱϾǻԪߣ꣬ûʲô˺ѻš
ݵϢ֮ӱųٴγǸӵСģѱѪ̵߲һηɱ

󿤣һصĹ
Ҷ֪ôĵӣҲΥѪɫޱȵѿҶ֪֣ͱӱնɱ˵һϸߣУѪ󿤵ĲٲֻҪҶҵ֧֡
ˡҶ֪ɫһף̷ڵأܵѪϵɱˡ
ߡѪһһεľ˲䵽Ҷ֪ϡ
顫
Ҷ֪ʱͬ߷һ㵹ɳȥݺݵ˵ϡ
ۡ
һѪҶ֪ȴĹڵϡ
㻹ЩôѪһ
Ҷ֪ﲻҷæ˳˴
ȥҶ֪ѪɫҲǳ׵ĳһηɱӱûгɹ˷˲ٵԴһǼ۷嶼޷ƿĴĵԴɲѪ̲ǻңڰеǣԴͲ࣬һʧܣҲ𱸡
ηɱҳԱҿ϶ɢոݣֻڰˡѪ̾һһηɱʧܣҷ϶ϼӲ̽ǲѪ̱ȻʧС
ʦѪԺһӰѾ֪ӱ˵˳˵Ѫûʲô飬ѪѪȴ޷¡
Ѫܹôεʱ֪һУȻڳбѪ̵ˣӱ֪£Ȼ󾪲ѣҪ֪ЩǼߣɶǾϼŲ飬ȻǱѪ͸ˡ

һ·˵ٶȷ˲٣ֻΪѪ̵ٴηɱͬʱҲΪϵơ
ڣһھĸ·֮˻ʶ
ԶԶȥʶ﷽ԲͺǵĹģȫһΡ
ǻʶԶľ޴ǳأҲһ޴ĳǳأóԪ磬ĳǳǰĻʶҪ޴
ÿµ󷨣¾ǻԪǿǰʱҲ޷ƣǻҵĸڡȻǧҲܸоʶɢһɿµĲȻǻʶķ󷨣ֲε󷨣ǻԪǰҲ޷ڶʱƿ
ʼڣڻʶУ߰ɡһԵӱ˵һ֮˲ųˣգ֮Ѿӳɡ
һЩǿţǽڳǳ֮Уʼȴһ⣡


207 ʼ
˵ĻʼֻһţϷչ׳սŻʼڵķչлʼڶڵĳǳҲշչ˻ʶ
ʼڱǻҵĸڣڻʶ֮УҲʲô顣
ǻʶϸ߼洦ɼ߸Ƕţëʶ˷ĽֵóеȵߣǼʶǺͿǣǰĻʶôǿߡ
⻹ʲôʼںͻʹĵطǼߣҲǼΪһԵܲЦ˵
ʶ½ʥغ;ģ½ߣǿһңҲȿЩš
ϸߣĵطһмֻΪѡѵһǼߣҲʮֵĳ
ѹֻܹô꣬ϰˣ׵ĸһǳءипѡ
ʶԲסڵ˲֪򣬶½ҲǾݶѣҵǿ֪
һһ·Уʱڸϵ˻ʼڣʼռزԲǧҲͺ콣ռݵķΧࡣɽŲĻʼڣȴ˿СǹϵĵһţлԪǿ򣬼ǵԪ磬Ҳˡ
ܲףǶ˴ϻʼڣҪȥһ˻ʹӱԵܲˣ˵
ӱİɣǻչ˺óġܲЦŵ
һ·֮˱˴ҲΪҪǾѪһη˵Ҳ١
ӱͷҲһʧ
֣ȥɡ
ܲų߽˻ʼڡ
ܲˣһߴŻʼڡ
޵󷨲ǲϸ֪޷ܵһ˿˿ĲףǻʼڵĻɽ󷨡
ʶ󷨶ﵽ˻ԪΣΪҸĻʼôû󷨣ȻΪʵԵʣ޷о󷨵ܣȴ֪ʼڵ󷨾ԱȻʶ󷨻Ҫ
ʼڵԪ쳣Ũ콣Ũ屶Ҫ֪Ԫһ̶ȣһ˿ǼΪѡ
֮Խʼ²ֻΪǻʶԼʹϽô򵥣ʮ֮˾ڻʼڵĵһԪһ⡣
ԪʮֵĺԪ磬ҲʮϡĶһЩǿɽŶὨԪ֮ϣΪԪԪΪŨܹ°빦á
Ԫ磬һЩţҲδܹӵһԪ֮սΪԪ
ǰĳһԪΪԪһսΪȥ߲֪Ҫ֪һγԪֻĻƽԪҪԪԪ綼ᱬսԪֻǴ˵ͳ֪ԪõԪҲǵؽ׶ѡ
ԪֶҲֻѣɢܹȾֵģǿΪ֮ı
ϾԪ磬ǿǻʼڣԪʼռݣҲ
Ӵǣⲻܲʦܺʦ𣿡
ڳпѵʱһ̶ЦǰֻڲԶһŻ۵ܲ˵ǰΪ׵һꡣ
ϵϢܲ˻Ҫ񡣡ͫһͻȻֵĿ꣬Ϊ֮ܲϡ
飬ʲôܲɫһĿŶꡣ
ʲôֻǺ棬ûҳԱȻһϣҲ֮ΪţһЦ
㡭ŭ޺޵Ŀ飬ǹ˼ɶԷʵֻͳˡ
ȻţôˣһЦһ
˻һԵҲЦ
С壬ˡܲסЩߵ壬˵
֣߰ɡܲǸĿ۳롣
¡ڴʱ鿴ܲߵĳ룬ܲףһʼڵĹӦ֪ʲôʱɳˣ
壬ӱʼڣòҪ¡Цһ
⻰ɫ΢΢һ䣬ܲ׺£ӱ⣬ǹͳô򵥣Ҳʮֿӱ
ʲôˣһû壬ǿ˳롣
콣ţ롣뵭
룿ǳ룿
һܸϢڴ˵Ĵʼ֪Ķ١ʼڣţҪս룬һʤضǡ
ҵ˭ԭڱӮ壬ΪͷۣҲˡһм壬ˣֱǸһҶ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ڻڲĶԹǣУ龹Ȼһٱ
飬˵ÿ㣬ǻʼڵĿˡܲɫһ
ЩһҪһЦ治֪ôַ˱ԲҪȻһһ֡
飡
˫ĿԲɱӿһ٣ٶ׵ķŭ
飬ǵ鷳ʱ㣬Ҫǵӱ̵飬ҿܲߵ
㡭ŭȴǶһ˿ԥ֮ɫ
ߡܲ׼״Ҳ˵ֱӴųԽһˣʼȥ
磬ˣԣһС
Ȼô죿ҪŭǸŮˣүүҲסҡ
˻һԵ˶ʱĬ˲֪ӱĿ£Щʼڵĵӣʮֵ
˸ҵȻ˻ʼڣôܲúдһЦһһ˿֮ɫ
İɣ磬֪ôһԵ̵˵ͷͬʱΪĬ

֣Ǹ鵽ʲôˣЩ
үүǻʼڵϣЩԸ˵һ˳֡һԵЦ˵
΢΢ͷԴûие̫֣ҵǼߺܶ࣬Һܲ˶Ȼݲ̫
ģӱڣǸҲ㡣ܲЦŵ
Ըɣ
ЦһǰʼڣΪ˽һЩ伮ϣܹ֮·ɲо뵽ڲ֮С
뱻һԺڼӱһΣһƣǼµĵ伮
ڻʼڼʱ䣬ܲ˵Ľ֮£ԻʼҲǶ˼˽⡣ڻʼڣֻʮ֮ǰ̤ϸߣʽӣǼӡʼҲûŵĹӣȴһŰ¼µϸߡ
ܹϰߣǵԲٶ˵Σǰʮĵߣעܹ̤ǼĴڡ
ʼڵŰһνǰŽǰʮҪ֪Ű񣬿¼һ֮ࡣ
ܲ˵ʵŰĩѣ⻹ΪǶ˵ΣܹԽ׶սˣŰϲȥ֮ǰ˵Ǹ飬ʮˡ
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ҵĵ̻ǿ£ֻŰ񣬾Ͳܺ;ݵǰڶŷ棬Ҫǿϲ١̾һ
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飬ôǰࡣŹ㳡ϻ۵ߣһЦ
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һ֪ʲôطðߣʦֵĶ֡
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һڻʼڵĵ쳣˷ܣ룬ڶ߿ǳ裬ʼһƬ½꣬ΪһţʼڵĵҲġָ߸ϵĸоǱĬʼڵĵȻҲȻľԼһȣݲʧܣݲˡ
ӱôһεıԣ㳡Զһ֮ϣһӿԵӱʵ
ȻֻǸոβãҸӱ΢룬˵
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ʮֵѣΣҪûмʮϰʱ䣬Ҳޱȵѡ
ӵͦĵġӱƲƲ졣
ʼڶ࣬ǼǿȻҲǲ٣Щ϶һЩ״ӣԺǰӵ״ӣҲѹֶԷԺ
С츳ȷߵǺһˮ֮һȻ
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211 һķ
ȻԺĵĵ㲻ϣ֮ҲȱݣͬҲֻε߶ѣ֮ڣ޷ƿ
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ɱԺ벻Ҵ⣬һ㣬μˣ˲ͶԷ˾롣
Ժ֮ڣȻڷ쳣ǿڽ棬Ե࣬ȻҲԶԣҲں֮ĹһЩĵԺĹ
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鷳ˣû뵽ԺȻһС̨ɫޱ
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Զ̨֮ϣӱüͷ΢塣
СӵڸʲôԺƴģҲûһս֮ΪʲôһֱԺӲӱ̨ɻ
彻ֻ֣Ϊںϵǿ󣬻ǿҲӱԾСΪ壬ȴԶ˶幦塣Ҫ֪˵ΪС磬ѹΪɾǱǿ˲ֹһ㡣
Ҫ֪ǻҳԱûнʼ֮ǰܵҲͨ߿ɱȣ֮ϣԺҪǿһЩ˵ԺʱӦøƲŶԣǴ˿̣ȴȫơ
һ㿴ˡһԵЦ
̨ϳ뱻ƵĽڽڰˣֻҪ˶þͻ᳹׵ܡ
ȻҲ֪ʲô֪ûȫԸӱȻ̨ϵΣⲢӰ֮ǰĿ
ʵ΢΢һ
⻰ӱ˵϶֮Աǣӱ˵Բ޵ķʸҲС
СӲΪǵΣƺûصļ󰡣üͷ΢塣
ǼߣԼΪһ۾ܿڵͻβһµʱ䣬ܹˮƽѽԾС˵Էڵϻأ޷š
ΪҲǵΣӲǽ硭
磬ΪΣ⣬ΣֻǴ˵ѣǻ涼û򣬶⣬ϸߣʼҲͲһ֮ǳ˽⣬֮䣬˽һԲ״̬ȫͬһ۾ܱ
ѵǡͻȻӵһ⡣

ҪΪ֮򣬺ͽ̫ˣͬҪʵ̫ˣӣҪҲס
顫
̨ϣһըٴαˡ
ҵҪ㻹ܿΡԺһЦٴɱ˳롣
ȻСӵٶȾȻû˿ܵӰ죬Ȼ֮ǿӵĿĶų룬֣ǱԺĹУȴûյʲôӰ졣
˵󲿷ֵжǷ֮ȴҲóˣȴ˲䷢ӳԭʵɴ˿ɼԷʮֵǿ
ֳʵӵɫҲǱţԲŰʱûб¶Լǿ֮ȻԼĴ㡣
֪ӿʼЩԺΪԺʦԺʵʱԺ˱ĵƣԼȫʵ
顫
һըֱӱɳȥҲǶһ˿ѪԺĹУǳǿҲˡ
ԭˣԭˡ
ͻȻ̨ϵĳЦƺͨʲôƵá
Ū飬ҰܰɡԺмһЦһ޴Ľ˲仯ֲˮųɱȥ
úã
Ǿ޴ˮ벻˷һһɫһţǾ޴ˮ˲ɢȥɫ⣬ٶȲԺ
ûõģĹԺϮĻɫ⣬мһЦȻĻû˵棬ϵЦȴ͵ؽס
ۡ
һ죬ɫ⾹ȻֱӶԺˮ֮ڣݺݵڵϡ
ôܡԺֱӱĵɳȥǲ֮ģ֮ڱˣǰķֶΣȻˣ
ۡ
ԺһѪֱˤ̨ϣϵƣиɻ֪Լ֮ڣôƵġ
⡭
ôʦֵˮ֮ڱˣ
ܣСôƿʦֵķ
һڻʼڵĵӣҲɵˣԺԳˮ֮ڣȻһϸصƵˡ
Сôģ̨⣬ɫѿ˼㣬ҲûпƵˮ֮ڵġ


212 ˮ֮һ
һ
ֻһƵԺΪ֮ڡ
СǿҲɵƵ֮ڰɫһ任
Ժ֮ڣڵģ˵ֻǵεĲΣ沢ƣҲ˵׵ƿ
Ҫ֪֮ǰȫҲֻ֮Ϸһ˿ѣаƿ֮ڣᱻԺѹס
ӱɿʲôӿԵӱ˵Ϊӱ൱ڼʶȴǲһЩϾӱңܵڵĿء
һܹ֡ӱɫӵ˵
֣
һ֮ǰƿ֮ڵһҲ΢΢üһļʶȻЩ͸ĸо
ȷЩ֡ӱôһᣬҲ̲е⡣
һȻ֮ǰķںЩ֮ȴֲͬƺһЩӱҲ޷͸һ˵Ƿںϵ似ƺֲǡ
һЩ
üͷ壬Ƭ̺ƺ뵽ʲôǰһȴҡҡͷ
뵽ʲôӵı仯Ȼ޷ӱ״ʵ
Ҹоһƺ̺ˮ֮һ־òܣӦˡӿЦҡҡͷ
˫ںѾʮֵĺֵںϣδţοǻ֮ǰϢӱϢ붼Ƿںϵߣôһսоͱ˷ˮںϵߣ
֪Ҫںһ֣ҪһĲβںϣҲ˵ָҪʱģһͣŶܹںֵ˳ԾСֵ̥￪ʼУҲô̵ʱںϡ
ˮ֮һںϣӱЦҡҡͷԸųʲô֪ĵƣںϣǲܵ顣ǼߣҲ׳ֵοں֡
ȫţķԴʱ䣬ںֵ̤Ǽֵֻµ޷ںϣ̤Ǽˡ
ΣǶССӡӱп
΢΢ͷһʮֿ£ڵΪֻϸأǵΪֻѰͬ߸סһ
ಡ
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ˡ뵭
ҡԺ죬һɬδԼ룬³չֳʵѾвҲû⡣ܹŰȡò׵ĳɼľ֮ڿֲķĵţͬߣ޷˵
һαԣʤǸ̨Ե߼״
⻰ڿһҰܵԺһڻʼڵĵӶǱѻȸ˵֮ǰǲɣô˿̳һƵԺ֮ڣǳ׵ʵȷŰʵһЩԺߵŵӣҲ˵ѹΪܹʤ롣
ʦŰʮλܹʤʦ֣˵ܹŽʮ֮ǰ
ҿֹҪ֪ǰʮߣٶΪԺܹͬʤĿɲࡣ
µ۷׷ףչֵʵҲ֪֮Уֻǻʼڲжš
־ȻӮˣʵϴκҽֵʱǿˡ̨һЦ
֮ǰͳ뽻֣뻹ֻܿͻΣʤһԱǿԺȴҲʤ
ǰֵĽٶȻǿ£Ҫ˶þͻᳬԽǡһԵܲ׸̾
ΪҵŵӣǼʶŲ٣ͬȴǲ࣬ȻŰߣǵͣʮѡһһЩʱ䣬ŰȻɼˣųʱҲǸеһ˿С
ԺܣҲûʼڵĵӿ˳ʵҲ׵սЩߣмõʤЩǵεߣԳȴûбʤա
ɶҲǵ̫õġȥĳһˣɫ˼㣬һΰԺֶԸ룬Ϊʮþȣû뵽ȴǳɾ˳
磬ǽҪҪҡԣһӵ
ʱʲôҪǵһᡣȻŭȴֹӼ˳ֶԸĴ㡣
ΰԺֻ֣ӱѾҳ鷳ӱԲԹۣϾӱĿˣ̫Ǿǲӱӡ

Ժҡ
һսʤĻǽҡϥеһǧԪŶһ˿Цݡ
̨Եʱ򣬳֪ʱʵȫҲƿԺ֮ڡһֱڹ۲ԺϣܹҵԷһ
ԺսȴʮֵķḻȻϵĹķȴû˿иҲ֣ϾԺŰߣÿŸŵսֵĶǶţô⡣
ǳ۲ʮֵϸһʱҲ޷ҵԺڹ۲Ĺ֮УȴǷ֣ˮ֮һԣ鶯Ρ
ߵĹˮһĹҲƹԪˮˮһҲŲ⣬ԺĵΣĸȻǸӵ
ںϵʱ򣬳ͷ֣ں֮һ覴ãںϵĲôȱƺмһЩʲôƵáָоҲû⣬ΪԼոںϷ֮δȫ
ǵܵԺˮ֮֮ŷ֣ں֮󣬲ʲôȻӰΣᣬΪ̫ͣſ񱩵ĻԵЩƣȱһЩ͡ˮ鶯ȴպֲһ㣬񱩵Ļкͺϣںϵĸûһ˿Ӳĸо
ƵԺ֮һǷںϣǷ硢ˮںϡ
Ҫںֵ뽫ĸﵽԲĲΣˮ֮һȻֻǸո򣬵ΪǰĸԺĵεĴڣĸֱ˵ƲΡ
Ȼǳˮ֮һĸ򣬴ﵽ˵ƲΣҲںϣϾˮ֮һĸ򣬻̫һЩ޷ͷںϡ
ǣʱĳȴˮ֮֮Уķ֣ȻԽԺĵˮ֮ںȻҲˮɡ
˵ԺܣҲԼԭĵˮ֮һҲôںֵ
ȻֻǶݵںϣȷе˵ں϶㲻ϣֻǽԺˮ֮򣬵ںϣԺںҲ͸ӵסһ⡣
ַ硢ˮֵںϣȻȷںϸӵôܷˮ֮һѾͬޣ
ͬޣȻ֪ԪûߣҾǵһ૵
ǰĳ룬Ǽ۷ߣǷҲǶǿߣԪ磬ֻǿеԱ֮ˣҲᱻһ̫űԪ磬̤ԪʸӴء
һ̣оȻû˿̫ŵĺ⣬Щڴͬޣߵʲôز


213 Ī
ںϵԽԽã֮ǰںϵķ˴֮䲢ϣ⻹ֵֻѣںϵֵʹм϶󣬲󲻻߸ǿȻΪ̫̫ӣһɡǿںϣҲûпܡ
ҲΪʲô߲ҳֵԭֵںϣһܹԵɺܹܵںֵߣǷëǡ
ҲΪںϵˮ֮һǡõ˷֮ļ϶û÷룬Ϊˮ֮һںϣֵںϸӵ
ֵڵңǳֵںϣѹҲޱȵľ޴󡣡밵
ֵںϣûóʧԼڵˮƽλԵɺܹ֪ںˮ֮һԸƷںϡȴ׳Լĵиںϣڵĳ룬ԪǾϣĵ
һκԺսջ֪ˮ֮һܹͷں֮ںϵȻʱ̣ܶȴóֵںнʡʱ䡣ûһεĽ֣֪ˮ֮һԵͷں֮ҲҪѴʱ䣬ܲܳɹں϶Ҫ˵
һε򣬳ȫ԰յĸ򣬲ϵԼˮ֮һںϷ硢ˮ
һЩʱ䷭ˮ֮һĸˡȻѾںֵҲԼķĿǰΪȵľǽֵںϡʱԽں֮ĸԽҪмĸ򣬾͸ӵѡ
ΪʲôôǼֻǽĵȴҳںϣΪһֵϵĸ̫ָ򣬻ȻܹǸ׵ĸ򣬵ͬʱҲŵӰ˴˵ںϡ
Ȼ˾ȻҲţʱ䣬뷭ĵĵ伮֮УֻǷĸҲˮ֮һĸ
ó뾪ϲǣҵĵ伮֮мصľȻһˮͬ޵ĸȻˮͬޡ
ݸҶʵ̫ҪˣȻֻˮ֮ĸ򣬵ں϶ԣȵˮ֮һĸ򣬸Ҫˮں֮ڵĳԣһյƣָܹǰС

ʼڣһ޴Ĺ֮Уһߣڴ֮ϡ
ʦӱڴʱһС߽˴˵
ӱǸСѾͷ𣿡˫Ŀ΢ţƺʲôƬ̺ǿڵ
˻Ǻݺһ飬ӱôҲˣΪǴﵽǼأյĵɱ֮ǿǻʼһеǵ˺ȴǳһСѾͷ
Ȼˣȴʮֵǰĺ߾ʸ˳ƺӱԷͻΪ֮ϣԶӱɱȡ
ɡߵ˵
ǡ
ӹӦһƬ̺󣬴ӱ˴֮С
Īǰ׵ĺߣӱһ
Ȼ򣬵ʲôǿǻԪߣʱԸû壬һαչؾ꣬ϸ߼һҲһ棬ǼߣܹҲָ
ǰĺߣȴǳ֮⣬ʼʵΪǿļ֮һһΪѾǴﵽǼءܹһ̤Ԫһȴ̫ˣ꣬ﵽǼصҲǲ٣ܹ̤ԪҲֻһ˶ѡ޵һʱҲһgˡ
СѾͷ֪Ƣ²˵ɣǰΪ£ߵ
֪ӱһһǼɳȥĳɾͣδؾͱǰĺ߲ţԼİײݻЩһǿߡ
Īϻ棬ӱæ
ϻͱ˵ˣϷʱ䲻࣬ûʱ˵ϻ
ӱȻǻţУȻǰǸСѾͷѡ
ʵһǰǰָһˡӱֱӿżɽ
ţüͷ΢壬Ӧ֪Ҵ޽׼أȴָˣ
Ȼֻ֪Щ⣬ᣬڵ֮ϴﵽ˵ΣҲǼΪǿ˫ͬ޵ߡӱڵ
˫ͬޣһ૵
ô꣬Ȼ֪˫ͬޣںǺεȵѡ
ںϵֵߵ

ѹϲġߵȻһЦͬޣıǷ֮һҲ޻֮һʼڣ˻棬ʺϽ̵֮ˡ
ڶꣿ
ʮꡣӱ
ҿԴӦ㣬һָʮ졣ߵ
Īϣʮǲǡӱԣüͷ΢΢һ塣
ʮʱ䣬˵ǶǼߣǶ쾳߶ԣҲʵ̫һЩ
ʮʱӣ٣ͿԼıˡߵĮ
ǡӱεĵ˵ͷҲףĪܹӦѾʮֵĲʮʱȻһЩչֳ㹻츳ȻĴڡ
Сӽʲô
룡
룿΢΢˫ۣһ˿׷֮ɫƺڻʲô
Īϣӱ״һԻ
û£ֻһЩ°ˡ΢΢ҡͷûж˵ʲôӱ״Ҳٶԣ˳˴
ʦ뵽ʲôһԵӵ
ǰʹˣܶʱ䶼ˣͬޣҵǼǵǸطֹһţ˵ǰѾ䡣΢΢ҡͷ
ʦ˵ˣǰһɫһ˿η֮ɫ
꣬ɻܸˡЦһ
˻϶һ˿Цʢ֮ͬУûܹеη塣ֱˣͬΪԷһܣ˱Ƿͬ޵ߣһҲ˵֣׷㣡
ϧѾ䣬ں㽻һΡɫһ˿ź֮ɫ˶֣ɲʲôʱġ

ȴǲ֪ӱΪһУʱϸĵ伮
ҵһر⣬ĻۣԲǿЦģеĵ伮κһŶ޷ġ
ʱţһתۣһµʱȥʱ䣬ƺϢһ㣬ûڳҹ鷳ʱ䣬ΪҲϸصĲΡ
ˮ֮һҵĸѾﵽ˵ԲΣĸѾʮֵĻҪﵽΣֵںϣǶʱܹ쵽ġ밵
ʱ䣬ʼڵĵ伮ˮ֮һϵĸͻͽ̶һµʱ䣬ѾǴﵽ˵ԲΣҪ֪ˣ֪Ҫˡ
˶̵ʱ֮ڣֱӽһֵ޸ƲΣҪ֪ߣʮʱܰ쵽һЩţҲûʱ䣬ֻһµʱѡ
ʼصĵ伮ѾĵĲ࣬ñչЩջˡоâЩ伮ֻǸָһ·Щ·ЩãȴҪԼϵĳԲС
뵽Ҳԥʼʼڵĵһαչء


214 Կ
һ߽ϵ伮ĸĵݣһˮ伮׷µĸ򣬷šһ·ݣ񶨣Ҳڲϵŷں֮
ʱţڷں֮ϵĸԽԽҲڡ
û뵽µʱ䣬ջ֮󡣡΢΢˫ۣ϶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
µʱ䣬δӳڣĽٶȣȷЩš֮󣬺ͻĵ伮Ƿֲ֮ǰĳӴĶʵ̫٣ܶණֻܿԼϵһٶȺεȵĻĵ伮óнʡ˴ʱ䡣
ȻҲڰµʱѸ٣һԭΪ磬ԭǼ۷ߣ˵ߵĲ˫ͬޣʶЩڡЩ伮еĸɾǻһ伮ҪµʱԳԣʱǵ伮ϵļء
ڲٶȴҪͻƵκڣҪһЩʱС̾һ
ĵ伮˴󲿷֣Щڶʱڵ֮õʣµЩǳĻۣҪϵھ򣬲Ż¶ȻڿãδУȴǾ޴ġ
Ȼֻǵڣں֮ԺڵĵΣҲû˿ѹֻĵѹҵĵΡа
Ҫƣղɱĵ򣬵͵εĲ쳣޴󣬾ͺñǼϸĲࡣǻŰߣ˶˵ΣյȴҲֻˣɴ˿ɼҪĵǺεȵѡ
ǰĳ룬Ҳ̤ϸ۷ʱ򣬲ĵʱѾһٶꡣҪֻ֪һֵѣлвٵɷ֣ķѵʱ仹Ҫ
죬ոϣܲ˱ˡ
֣ӱ㡣ֱ˵⡣
ӱ
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ǰӱˣܿһ޴ĹӱѾȺǡ
ӱ΢΢˵ͷڵ룬ҪһˣһʼڽеļλǼ۷ߣѾָһʱ䣬νҪȥ
˻벻һ㶣ȴû뵽ӱȻΪ¡
Ǽ۷ΪǰĳͬվεߣȻףεǺεȵĿ¡
˵ʼлԪǿ򣬿ɻԪǿ߿һƬ½ǿĴڣ޾ԪƽײβʼڵĴСʵǽǼƹܣǻԪǿߣֻڻҺͻʼΣŻ档
˵Ԫǿ߲֣Ǽ۷ߣѾվһƬ½۷壬ӱ⣬Ҫһǿָ룬Ҳ׵顣
лǰмκһλǼ۷ߣСοǱлԪǿֵ֧Ļʼڡ
ţ϶ȫЩǼ۷ߣܹ̤Ԫʵʶɢ޿ɱȡ
ҲлңԺıˣҲλָ㡣ӱ˵
֮ǰȻʤ壬չֳ츳ҲǲӱȻУҲΪ˳Ƿһ顣ڳԺһս֮󣬳չֳʵ츳ȵ콣ŵʱ򣬻Ҫǿ˰֮ģŻĪָ룬Ҫ֪Īϳ棬ǷĪһС顣Щǿ߶ԣһɴСʲôС¡
Σʱջ񣬶ǰİݴġһ֣ص
һǰʼջ޴ӱǳǿָɲӱǷĪϵĿɱȡ
ӱһ˿ο֮ɫ֮Կس룬չֳ츳ΪҪǿسδһ˫ͬ޵ϸ߲£һ̤Ǽǲչ¶âʱ̣ʱѪŰһţԻҲвСİϾǿ࣬ƿصĵͬɢǿҲޡҲַ⿤ͿѪš
ӱһһ֮˲佫֣һ̣˵Σʧܲ˵֮С
Ľ֣ܹõĪϵָ㡣ȥĳ룬һĽ
Ҫ֪Ǽ۷ߣҪôߴ½ѰͻƵĻԵҪôڱչ飬ӱ˵ָ󱲡ǻҵţҪõǼ۷ߵָ㣬ҲһΪѵ顣
ҲĽֻҪչֳ츳㹻ǿ㱻ָ㣬ҲǲܡܲЦ
Ҫ֪ҿһλԪ޾棬ȻҲδػ¶һΣָ󱲵飬ȴйԶĲ˵ӱϸʱ򣬱ָܵ㡣

ӱ֮ų룬һ·Уٵӹɽ֣ʮһ޴Ĺǰ
ʦãҪʦָĳ룿ǰһӴӱԵĳ룬ڵ
ǰæ
ӻϢû˿ɢȻΪֱӳƺӱΪʦãֻΪӱ֮ϡϾн磬ʵΪ𣬳ͬţΪٴҲֻʦơ
ʦɱСһˡӱЦһҲû뵽ǰӻԳӭˣҪ֪˿Īϵĵӣٶ꣬ѾǼصߣ⣬ܹ̤Ǽصǿߡ
΢΢һЦɣʦǡ
ӵ֮£˺߽ܿ˹
ֻ׷һԳ֮ϣû˿Ϣۼˣൽǳ֮ϻ˵Ĵڡ
Ϣ豹棬֮ǵԲΡһâֲεĳ룬һ۱ǲ²⵽ߵĵ֮Ρ
Сһӱеĳ룿׵߿ڵ
ƽȴͬһ㣬ڳĶ
룬Īϡ빧
ǰĳ룬֮·ǿԼԵɺϵõ󽣵䣬˲ٵ·Ȼ·ϣҲһЩѽĵãָȴûСһõʦ֮·ϵİжҪһɢ޵ĳ룬˭
ǰĪϣҪָǰȻޱȵĹ
ȻӱϷָ㣬ϷҲӦˣ֮ǰһҪ˽һ츳߻
˻ɫʱȻǴԼһ츳Ҫָ֪㣬ҲвģںָһеĲɲһ㡣
ңʲô
磿һʲôǣ޴ڣȴ޴ڣΣ̬翣޷״
š΢΢ͷʲô
Ҳʲôǡ뿪ڵ
ţûˣüͷһ΢΢˫ۣų롣
ûˡҡҡͷ
֮һûʲôɽģ㵱ѡ֮һĳɾͲϷ͡߿ų룬Щϧ
˫ͬȻǿ󣬵ֻͬ߶ԣ֮£һֵӵסһ£һߣһ֣ܹﵽǼ۷壬ں֮ȴֻܴﵽǼһأǿ츳¶һֵ츳ɱǼһصں֮߿¶סԷһС


215 Īһ
һԵӺӱߴ˻϶ʱһ˿֮ɫȻǶ֪츳ĪۣǳԾС
Ҫ֪ڻʼڣÿһǼ۷ߣҲָܹﵽεߣ츳ԵȱһɡӱҲ˵ԼһܹﵽĪϵľ硣
һò˵Īϵ۹쳣ĶֻƾԼһ仰жôࡣҪ֪ǰڻ֮һĸ֮ϣȷĪ֮£ߡ
ǰޣаˡæ
Īοĵ˵ͷ֮·ĸ꣬ϸţܹľ߿ν֮١
Σʮʱ䣬Ϸȫ̵㣬٣ͿԼıˡĪϵ
лǰһм
Īϴ˻˵ڽ̵֮в˿һλǰ̵Գ֮·Ǿ޴ġ
ǰл˴мĿһԵӱ
ҲлңĪϴӦȫָ㣬ɲǿҵӡӱЦҡҡͷ
Ȼ⣬ĪϿǻʼڽеļλǼ۷ߣԷӦȫ̵룬Ҫǿڳ츳֮ϡ
ĪΪһǼ۷У֮һĸҲߵģϣ㲻Ҫҵĺ⡣ӱڵ
֣صĵ˵ͷĻ֮ףȻҪúõİգ˵ܹ˵ǸԵ֮ǰڣʱ򣬾ĵҲûл֮

˵ӱųȥĪϵĹµĻ㱨ɫһ䡣
Īʲôˣǿǻʼ۷ǿߣ˵ˣĪǰҲù
Īϵǿ󣬲ֻΪΪĪһӣΪִʱѪ̷ɱ֮⣬λӣȫǼߡǿһλѾǼصΪһЩӺͽĪһڻʼڱǲСһ
ǵģΪʲôڻö֪æ
ɫһзٵ˼ϴλԺΪˬҪһѵһ³룬ʱҪôĵ伮ҪôڱչأҲᡣû뵽һأȻֺĪϳ˹ϵ
йעСӣʲôϢ̸ҡ
ǣ浽ĪϣҲҴ⣬ǳĺĪйϵʮӣҲҳ鷳
СӲ콣ŵĵӣԲܺĪʲôϵӦˡҰοСΪϡ
ҲŰߣߣÿһϰˣĪǿߣһУҲôˣǿߵ³֪ɲСġ

ʼڣһɽ֮ϣһһ٣ԶǵһָĳĪϡ
ȫҳ֡ĪϿǰĳ룬
һԴĿĪϡ
ȫҳ֣ģһὫΪѹϸһءĪٴε
ǡ
ͷ˿̵ѾĪֵ⣬˵ʻǱԣôڵĽ־ԡϾֻ֮Ǵһڵ֮ϵĳɾͣ˵ʵʵ
һڵԪȫĴ߶Ҫ֪ĪϿǼ۷ߣǽΪѹƵϸһأս飬Ǽ۷ΡǰĳͬεߣȻߵĿ£ǶԷѹʵҲ˿С
ಡ
һ㣬磬˲ĪǰгһһĺâĪϵǰ
ϧĪϿϮһܣһһŷ˲ǷסϮĽ⡣
ţȻôɾ͵סˣɫ΢䣬ȻԤϵѹΪĪϲ׶ԸԼȫһԷȻɵĵֵҪ֪˿̵ĪϣΪѹƵϸһصĲΣС硣
˫Ľ֣ûõ򣬿ɳȴܸоͬǷ֮һĪϵʩչȴһޱĸоеĳƮݡ
ٽһͺһгӳʱһϢĽ⣬˲Īϵǰ
顫
ǽ⼴Ī֮ʱ֮ͻȻһͳը졣
ôᣡŲԶĪϣɫһ䣬ûвൽĪγĪϳ죬Īϳû˿Ϣĸ֪޷֡
ͬϢؽڷУĪϵֶȴ̫߳ࡣпЦڷ֮һϵĸѾĪϵǰһոѧӤһ㡣
ʲôʱʱ򣬾Ѿڷ֮һĸ֮;ĪŲԶĳ룬һƽ˵
;
ɫʱ䣬֮·;ǺǼΪصģСӰеٶȣӰɾͣͺñͬһߵû·ߡǲܼʱ֣ʱ˵ܻܿӰС
Īϴͽ̡æ
ȻҲ֪ںǲһֻǸ֮ᣬ֪粻ֻϸ꣬п籩꣬ỹиգһζ֮ᣬȴ˷֮Īϻ˵
֮
һǰһ⣬ʱඥ֮Уʵڷں֮ͷ֣֮һƺΪ˻֮һġҪ֪ں֮ӦศɲŶԣԻĿ񱩣ȴѡᣬһȻߵںϸӵסȴ;ǳȥ֮һֻΪģΪӹںǿҲޡ
βܸ֮뿴Īϡ
ķںҲֻǸոãҲֻڳβΣǵȵڷں֮ߵԶˣҪƣҲޱȵѡ
֮ᣡĪûж˵һ㣬һϮ֮϶ʱһ˿ůʿ
գŷĪһ֮£ϾȻһϸ΢Ŀӣ֮ӰΣûоѾС
³ڷ᷽֮Ѿ˲ĸ򣬵ĪΣȴȫһ㣬ȴó뿴֮δķ
֮
Īϵͺһһ㣬һâľ˲䳯ų뱬ȥ
ǿܵǰâ̺֮Ŀֲɫɴ䣬ֻϸһصΪһ㣬ȻѾﵽϸصĲΡ
ಡ
㣬μˣɵıܿϮİâ
ţͻȻֻԼǰһ϶ʱһӡ
ôᣬܿˡ뿴ű϶һ˿ŵ֮ɫ
ǰâϮ磬ͲȻױܿܿĽȻ
ѵǡͻȻƺ뵽ˣ϶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫȷܿĪϵһ㣬ǰâľ磬ȴƿ
벻ǰâ֮£ǰâ֮£ֻȻҲд
Ƿ֮ƺץʲôһʱ䣬ȴ벻ʲô
öӣεڴʱһڳĶ
벻һ˳ĪϵĿ⣬ƿ¶һöīɫӽӡ
ҵ
ĪĪһ΢
ǡ΢΢ͷ
ȻˣȻĪһĺˣĪԣʱЦ
Īһ壿
һ㶣ԺһŵͷѵԼδıĸףȻǰĪйϵɣ


216 Ϲս
ֿܲûУĸĪĪͬĪ
Īϣʶĸף뼱æ
Ī΢΢ҡͷЦҲʶĸס
˻вЩʧĸ׵ǳҲἰֻ֪ĸ֮нʶ˸ףߵһĸ׵ûἰ
ȻҲʶĸףеĽָȴʶĪҹഫļĪϻ
˻׹һʮֵҪһ㶼ƿڼУѵԼĸĪҵļĸ׵ʱΪͣӦòʤμŶԣȻнвŮԼӴҶԣʵռñʮֵС
ĪϣĪҡЩԥ
µĲĪҵˡĪϵͷ
Īϳиǲ⣬ĪʲôΪǿվ۷ǿߣһǿڱ֧ţĪӦòŶԡĸ׳ΪĿҲ͸ˣοĸ׵Ϊֻ쾳ǿңֻǰΪŶԡ
ȻĪҵˣҺĪѾϾĪƺ˳룬ڽ͵
˻ҲǿЦѣѹԼĸ׵ļƺôǿǿĪϣȻĪҶϾ
ֻĪҵһϵӵܣĪҾѹһϵӣЩɱӹһ٣һԼʼڡ˵ĪҲԺ޸ϵʱһϣûᡣĪϻ
΢΢ͷ£ҲǼʲôøУĪľԤϡ
ĪȻǿôҲǼǿ򣬼ϺͻЩϵҲô¡Īᵭ˵š
ĪǼǿ
ɫ΢䣬Ҫ֪֮УǼ֮УҲˡЩƿһĿҲֻмǼѡ
Īϴ˻ȴóԻˣĪԲռĪ룬ȻֻΪΪֻڼ֮ӵܶ㲻ϣ
ȻҶĪûʲôøУôҲԼļ壬ͻƻԪҲСʱȤ£ŻһЩʱ䣬շһĪҡɾʱĪҳˡĪɫһ˿ˣȻĪңûа顣
Īҳˣ
һâ˿Ҳ׵ΪʲôĸֻΪȴ˼¾ͺйء
Īһҹ֮䱻Ҹϵʱֻʣ¶ϱڲԫѡĪ̾
ʲô
͵һǼȻһҹ֮串ûһӳҪһ㣬ɲͨ԰쵽ġ
Ѫ̡³֡
Ī΢΢ͷĪұ𣬵ȷѪ̵ֱʣѪصʮҲǼ֮ŷһ㣬ȻѪ̱κصʵ̫ãǻʼڣǵϢҲǼ١
Ѫô׵飬Ҳڰô꣬һԼĻԪǿߡ
ΪĪҾˣû뵽Ȼڴ֮ǰĪҵĺˣҲҲˡĪһο
ĪұĪҲѣĪңѪ̣Ҳõһ¡
΢΢ͷĪͣͻΪҲԼĵӺͼ壬ԭΪļ壬Ȼк˳֣֪
ˣĸôģĪͻȻ
飬Ҳӱ˵Ųʮѣ˵ĸײȻȥȻʲô߱ɱ
ĸڻҵʱ˷֮ˡ뿪ڵ
˻Īϵɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼû뵽ȻûԼĸףڳߣĪҿɾľˡ
ʲô˶ֿɵˣĪɫһɱ
ȲĪңѾʮֵ֪Īҵļɱ޶ԡ
Ѿ֪֮ˣⱳӦѪ̵Ӱӡ뿪ڵ
ֶԸĪͳǼţӣĿе֪ǼŵԸҪ֪ŵǼߣ˲쾳ߣôܺʲôԹΨһĿܾĸ׵ݱ¶Ӷɱ֮鲻ԳΪɱĪ롣
Ѫ̣ĪһѪֻ̲ǻʼڵ𣬸֮ޣк޲ɱѪ̵ߡ
ԷʲôˣĪϿڵܹѪϹϵģʲôСڵΪûܱȻ֮ʵ
Īϣվ۷߶ԣֻҪǻԪǿߣ㲻壡
ĪϣԼԱ𡣡뿴Īϣһ֣ص
Īϼ״˵ͷޣҲߵĶܹ֮ڵĳɾͣ˵ĻԵͻʼڵкĪҵĺҲвСĹϵǷ費ʣʱǣ·ϼ
ڳܱܲĪϲģĲܱΪĪһ˿ѪҲǺõġ
Īϣܺ˵˵Īҵ𣿡뿴Īϡ
Īϵ˵ͷǿʼ˵Īҵ˵ĪңȻǸһս²СĹͣͻһ׹ϵ꣬ĪһֱͨݣԼĳǳأļ壬ҲǼٵġ߼壬ݳǻ߿СȻĪСǿֻ߲࣬ѡĪ֮ǵѪ̣ȻΪĪ֮䷢Ѫ̽ͻƵ˻Ԫ֮
ĪұҲ˲Сĺ䶯ϾĪҿǴĴڣȺܶĶҪԶΪŭϧѪص̫Ҫҵ̸סҲǼºѪ̻ԽƵһսΪڲԶˡĪһп
ĪϣӵʲôʣΪʲôҲʲô취޷̽뿴Īϵ
صĽӣǰҲ෬ԹôԣӶû˿ķӦ
˵㣬ǻҵ棬֪ʲôʡĪԣЦ
ʲô
һ𣬻ǻԪߣ޷֪ӵĲʣҲδ̫˰ɡ
ҲΪһ㣬öӲŻΪĲʾǻԪ޷ƻ꣬Ҳ˿仯ĪϿųеĽЦ˵
ôģ벻
Ԫ߿һֵĴڣʵֲޱȣǶ޷ƻҲαԪĶɳ벻ͨߣαԪԪ˽⡣ǰĽӣԲԪεıصĶôһƬ磿
Ϲս򡣡ĪϿ۳룬˵
Ϲս
ɫһ䣬жʱˡ
ϹսһƬ磬ȻϹսڣ
ഫϹʱڣ籬һսУһսսǳת𣬶ս֮󣬳ǳսսϹս


217 ʮ
ϹսԪ粢ʲôܣЩʵߣ˵Ϲս򡣲ȥϹսߣȴǴδŹͺñͨе񡣹Ĵ˵ܶ࣬񣬳ȴ֪ڣǲһЩǿ߰ˡ
ԪϹսĴ˵벢ûȫϹսĴڡ
óû뵽ǣƬȻҲϹս򣬶ƺϹսĴڣϾǰĽʵ̫أļʶпǴ˵еϹսı
ĪϣϹսĴڣ뻹Щŵ
ǵģʱҽȥĪЦŵͷΪϹս֮Унĳɾͣ˵ṳ̂ԪڵΪֻҪԪߣѾκˡ
ͷĪʱȥϹս򣬺Ĵڡ
Ϲս
ޱȵļϹս˵ֻսǿϹʱڵǿɱսһ㱦ûԪΪֹҪ֪Ԫ磬ϹսĴ˵ĳĳǿϹսõһ챦ʵͻͽ
Ѱ߲֪Ϲս󣬵ȴޱȵȻƬӵϹսһҪȥĻʵ̫ѵˡ
Ҳ֪Ϲս򣬿㵹ЩԵĪϿų룬Цŵ
һżϼ漸ûʲôأְֻ֪ˡЦҡҡͷǰҲѣϹս飬Ѱ߸֪ĪûлɣȻ©ٳĽͣ޷ܹȥ
ĪΨһĺˣĪȻǴĵţỳɡ
Ϲս飬һֱĺܣлȥ콣ŵĳȻ㡣Īϻ
콣žȻҲ֪Ϲս򣿡һЩ㵵ĿĪϣҪ֪콣ֻһŶѣţ֪ж١֮Уֻ㲻ϣô֪ص飿
콣ſɲô򵥣ʵ㹻ˣȻ֪ĪȻ˵ʲô״Ҳ׷ʡ
ԣ˵ͷʲô磬ʵǸ㹻ʵʸӴЩء
ʱ䣬ǸĪУĪڷ֮һĸѾﵽ˵ԲΣһ۾ܿеı׶ˡҲǺĵָ㣬óԷ֮һһȫ֪ȻеĲٶ޷򣬵ֻҪɳȥЩҲὥ¶
ڼ䣬չֳ츳ҲĪʮֵľȡܶĶֻҪһ£Ǿһ⣬µĵӶ̤ǼĪҲòϣչֳ츳µĵӻҪɫ
Ժ츳ֻ֪ʮ꣬ҶǲǻϹĪϿŲԶĳ룬ипѡ
СʱľйذɡЩ죬Ī϶ڳҲ˽ʮճĸ׾ȥˣҲΪ̥ˣٶȻΨһĸףҲΪȥһھ˶Ȼɳ
統γΪĪҵϵӵܵԣнĳɾͣûеСʱľ̤ܲǼ˵
СӵǺ͵мơĪоǴȰ֮ɫĵڴˣ϶۾ĪϿǳµܹ̤ǼɲֻΪ츳ĪϵĽ̵ͬзֲá
츳õŵ̤Ǽʲô£뵽ǷͬޣĪвһϧ
Ҫ֪ǻʼȫĵӣûں֮ߵ̫Զοǳ룬Ǽں֮ΪѵʱڡûκεĽȫԼҪɾ̫ˣ
ĪϡĪʵ
ҽ̵һ죬ָܹģѾȫ㡣Īϻ
мĵ˵ͷʮʱ䣬ջҲǾ޴ģں̤֮˵κڲΣڵľ磬ĵҲûл֮
ҵĵãϣԺУĪͳһƤݸ˳롣
Īϣʵ̫ˣҡĪϽԼĵýԼæ
ĵһĸһԣҪôԼĵӣҪô²ţ⴫ǲܵ顣
ĪֻʣңҴѾԶһξһЩҶԣ֮ȴЩĪһƽ˵
ԣҲƴǣ֣صĽӹĪеƤ
ĪϽѾŰٶ֮꣬£Ҳһʮʱ䣬ʱ򣬼еǼ۷ߣѡأҪôͻƻԪ޾ԪҪôڱչȥأԪ磬ҲǾһһٸǼ۷ߣδһɹ
ʱ䲻ĺһʱ䡣Īɫ
ϲʮʱ䣬ǶϰԪԣʵ̫ݣȻȴҪڰڻص콣ţ˵ޣѾ쵽ˡ
ˣЩ¡ĪԳһЦû´εĻԵӦúϹսйء
Ϲս
ɫ΢䣬ȴޱȵļ֪Ϲսĺôζȥϧ֮ǰĪϲԸ϶˵
Īϣȷæ
˾ŲʮĪ΢΢ͷҲ̫ˣ˵Ϲս򴦴лԵͬΣ߲֪٣յϸ۷ţҲģ
ĪϵĻͬһˮó볹׵ѹΣգοϹսǿϹʱڵĶǿɱµսЩϹǿߣֻһ񣬶ɱЩϸߡ
һƬռ䣬Ǽϵ޷룬ЩϸˣҲǼߣֻҪܻųģвСĪϿڵ
Ǽ߽ȥ뾪ȵĿĪϡ
ϹսȻ֪٣ܶ඼Ǵ˵ѣԪϹս򣬻Ԫ߶ܽȥƬ磬ȻǼ߶޷롣
Ī΢΢ͷȷˣһƬռ䲢ȶǼߣһ룬ܵĿռͻݣռ籩ɱϸ۷ߣȫ֣Ҳɿռѷ죬ϸ۷Ҳ
밵Եͷϸ۷ߣһЩ֮ȷܹƥǼߣۺ˸ʵ㹥ﵽǼΣҲ⹥Ͼռѷɲ˭
ԾЩϸ۷ʵﵽǼΣҲȫ֣㲻ԼҪȥ
˴汦֮ıȥ
ϸ۷ߣ϶᲻ãһЩС汦֮ɱԷĶţ¸Ҳᡣ
˴汦ȥƬռ䣬汦һ߶ռͻݣɽȥĪЦ
Ȼ
ҲǾȲѣδȥϹսȻ֪Ϲսʲôɣѹָȫûⷽĵģ汦ȥòˡ
Ȼ汦Щûʲôãҩ֮࣬ǿʹõġĪ΢΢һЦһöƿС
һЩ˵ҩҲûãϣ
ԣҲϹսΣգһЩĵƣϣҲһЩ
ܰģҲֻôˣԺĪҾҪˡĪǰĳ룬˵
֣صĵ˵ͷĪϷģһܻŻ
Ī΢΢ͷ˫Ŀ״һ񣬸뿪ڶ죬뿪˴µĻʶ


218 Ѫʨ
ԳΪһ˸·һµʱ䣬Ҳδܴӻʶصλȥӱûг棬ĪϵĴ쿻͡
쿵ΪǼأ֮Ҳӱ֮£ʵӱҪǿһЩһͳȥɼĪ϶ԳĿء
ڳ뿪󲻾ãע붯ǵõϢ
ģСӺεºܣȻܹĪɳ쿻ͣɫޱȣ֪쿱ҲǻʼڵĳϣĪһĴʦ֣λʦ֧֡Ϊޣֻλ֮һǿҲǲ
ǿߣѾվ˻ʼڶĴڣǿ߻ͣҲû뵽ԭΪһλȥһˣ·ϳ֣쿻ֶͣθûá
Ҫ֪鱳ˣʵҲͱǿһ㣬ôΪ쿡
С֣ãñڿ㣬򡭡ɱӿڳ˶ѾǶɱġ
ո뿪ĳ֪ʼڻ˺޲ȥʱһ·źȥ
ôһǵһμʦ˿һ󱲣Ѿ콣ŵĵӼʦ޽¶̽¡쿿Եĳ룬һп
Ī´õһӣĪϵƢҲʮֵĪ϶ʮǶԳ룬ȴʮֵĴȰĪõĵӣҲδɼĪ϶ԳϲϧѾ콣ŵĵӣĪϴ޽ûʱͽ
ǰ˵ЦˣĪϽ̵ûæĪϵĹϵĪϲûиЩӣֻ쿵շһ³ѡ
ȻΪĪϿг츳ȴĪ츳ȷ㲻֮⣬ΪҪĻΪĪһ˵ݡ
ҲǰʱʦУȻʦûʦͽ֪ȴʦͽ֮ʵʦּɡЦŵ
ڳ룬ҲʮֵĿУȻֻڷκͳ뽻쿸ĪϵʱȻĪϵĸҲĪϿس룬ݼڣԳҲкøУȻ׽һЩ
ʦ֣ҾԽˡȻܹó쿴˻ĵģҲͲƴǡ
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ʦͷͬ޵߽֣ԣһȵĿ쿡
˫ͬ޵߱Ͳ࣬гɵĸ֮٣һպúʶ߽֣ȷ̫ɺһЩ
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ʦ֣ĲˣҴһ·ȥ֤һʱջ񡣡Ц˵
ԣ΢΢˵ͷ֮·츳ԶԶġ
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ԶһӰң˲ǷɱеѪʨͳ룬ǸոոϵҶ֪
̤Ьٴȫѹû뵽Сӣ쿪ۣҪҶ֪Ӱоɱ⣬˻ᣬôܷŹ


219 ϹѪ
ѪʨͨѪɫƤëͬɽһСʵǴﵽϸΡεޣѾӵ˻ûζѪʨȴԸɽ֮Уʵǿ޶ˣȻӵлûεȴߡ
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ԣҶ֪оǲţ֪ݺһʱ䣬ǰ֮󣬲ǵ֪ʼĩЩ飬ô֪ϧһеԵѾ֪


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221 콣
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콣ڣ
ðţȻҺų죡
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䣬ĵӰգ֮䣬ԽޣĴ󽣹ӣ


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벻͸ԼΪԺһУȻ㱻ƵˣҪ֪ζûʹãĪнˣ


225 µĹ
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˻һսҲ΢΢һҪ֪֮ǰһֻҪɵӣ֪ѾˣһɾͲǴѦļôˡ
Ѧ꣬ʦһȻԣ
ɲô˵̨ԣһ̨Ҫôս֮û˭ˣԷҪ䡣
һΧ۵ĵӣʱ۷׷вмѦΪ˵ģҲвΪȻģΪѦ겢û䣬ȻҲͲˡ
ţüͷ΢΢һ壬Ѧ겢ûʲôԹֻдԣȻº֣Ѧ˲֪ˣҲɫ
˵Ļǲô꣬ΪľǶøߵô׷пЦԼ̫뵱ȻˣΪ֣Ѧͻ䣬ȴ̫СѦԽ֮С
ԭѦҪĳƺţ룬佣ĳƺŶסΪνУһλܵĽӣ
ôн磬ʤΪǿΪֻҪұסӵĳƺţܵõԴ̨µѦȴʮֲΪȻô꣬ʮֵļͣܵ˵Ӱ졣
룬һУ
ѦһӶӰѾ޷ԳвҲֻܺͳӲƴȻʤĻ᲻󣬵ȴʮֵĲġ
ڤ粻飡һһ̣һɿֲĲӿǼɱѦζʱ͵һٶȴ
ΣѦɫһ䡣
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ѦһʣǸܵʺǱ佣壬ȴڶ֣Ҫ¶֣ɱҲǰɱ
ų룬Ѧɫһ任Ƭ̺ɳ䣡
佣Ѧܣ
˽֣Ѧܣǰ󲻵һյĹһαԣѦ֮ܵ˿죬˳뱾ʵ֮⣬ѦӰƣ֮ϱѹƣҲŲСĹϵ
һʧ»̨Ѧ꣬սˣ겻ѣһνսŽֻǵһαԣλеѦֱˡ
콣ʷϣһսӾλģָѦһΣ͵ʴס
һսʤѦ꣬ûսȥͣʱҲǿʼսӣĴ󽣹У⾪ȻǳսĶ
ܹսʤ⾪Ѧ꣬Ȼսս⾪٣⾪ʵôױսɹġ
⾪ȻսļѣôסԼ̨ȴóôεĽ֣⾪Ѿ۷״̬ÿһս֮һϢʱ䣬ֻ⾪Ѿֲ֧ס
ȥʦҲֲ֧̫á⾪ڵϣ̾һ
ȻսʵǳҪ⾪Ҳûа취Ͼ˽ϣһϺսĻᡣֻǳȴְ֪⾪Ҳ˵⾪᲻ܣס˽ӵĳƺţֻҲϾӿ콣ĳ߳ƺţ⾪ڳİ²ŵõô
һתۣѾǼʱ֮ڼ䣬ûսˣҲֻĵĿ⾪̨ϵıԡ
⾪ս㣡
ڴʱһӰԾ̨ڳеѦꡣ
Ѧսᣬһߣһߵߡ֮ǰѦս룬õǴ͵սĻᣬȴһսߵߵĻᡣ
Ծ̨Ѧ꣬⾪ɫʱޱȵ֮ǰѦ꽻֣Ѿܣ֮ǰʶ⾪ͳĽ֣֪Լ˶֡
⾪Ȼǲܵģıһ֧ߣ˷δ
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Ӱ˲ɱһ˵̫󣬶⾪Ҳ֪ѦĵƣѦᡣһʱ䣬˶ѷѽ⡣
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û뵽Լһὣӣǵ˽֮С⾪һɬ֮ǰû뵽ġ
Ѧʦ֣ٽһΣڴʱ̨ϵĳ룬޵Ѧꡣ
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ȻսڼѦȴӦ磬Ӱ䱾͹Ī⣬ûΣҪԸѦ꣬ʮѡ
ʱţսҲǽ˶ףǰλ¾һνսλӣΨһб仯ľǵѡ


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һԣսɵ͵ߣҪӦս֣ս˫ʵ̫󣬿һоͱܣ̸ջ
ΪʵӹɣԴΪһֱվλãΨһܻܵǬһεս߻ûս룬Ϳʼս˵룿
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Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
ɲǣʦֱһˣֻʮָܻҲ̫ˡ
սɫҲʮֵѿǾһЩ̫ˣϾ̨սûвҪ֡
㻹ǺݣĿ̨ϣɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ͬд裬Է˺֡
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ߣǿΪȻ콣ŵʱ䣬Զǳɱȣڳƺϣȴòгһʦ֡
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֮ᣬһаУ˵ĸԶԶûдﵽΣڵ֮ϱ֮ϣֵסĹȻ׾١
ôɾ͵ֵۼԼĹɵסɫһ䡣
ȻϵʵԶ֮ϣԼĹɵıסлʮֵ𾪡
Ҫ֪콣ϸص߲٣ʸ𽣹ӳƺŵҲ⾪ܹȽӵݣҪΪڵ֮ϵĲࡣ

ͺһһͬɽ𶯣ÿһж̺ǿܡ
ȻЩȴɵĵֵ֮һȻδرȵˮ֮һȴܹɵĵֵ
˽֣Ҳǿ·콣ŵӼѣڣ˭ܿȫָ
֮ǰһսߣȫֲͬΣ˶ԳҲǸóϷ
ǳʦ֣ȻָҲ̨ȥ
ͳʦȣֱûκεĿɱԣ
һڵ۷׷ףɫѿ
룬Ȼ˺ԣǰдޣûʮսʤ룬Ϳսˣ
ߣҵҪ㹻սңЦ
֣Ҳǿĸ̨ϵ΢΢ͷ콣ŵĽӣ͸ˣ֮ͬ顣ǿߣ֮Ȼ٣໹̹ǿߡ
Ӹ콣ŵȻҪ̹֮Σ֮콣ŵɾͳ׵Ļˡ
˽һյ裬䣬еֶζѾʩչȴɵĵֵ޷в룬ڼȥҲֻ˷ʱѡ
лʦֳȫм
ԣֻ΢΢һЦڸһ֮ϵĸѾǵ˵۷ΣȥмĿΣʱʵпܽ𽣹ӵĳƺš
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ʱţһսǬ֮⣬ĽӶսΪֺֻǽһսѡ
ʦܣŶӦǳʦֲŶԡ⾪տڣƺ뵽ʲôæ
ʦ֣֮䣬αˡæ
⾪Сʱ򣬰٣塣
ŵĹأҲΪǿΪʵ⾪ҡҡͷнˣڳ⣬磬һǿ߲𾴣ԷɱҲûͬ
ЦҲȰ⾪ΪԪɢ޵ĳ룬Ȼһ㣬ЩɢޣΪ൱ߣҲóƺһʦֲУ
ʦ֣ʵ㲻ضÿһս߶ָ㣬̫󣬺ܿս߳롣⾪𿪿ڵ
һҲֻ֪֣ΪָǣͬҲΪĥԼΪ
ԭˣҶˡ⾪Գ
ΣлʦֵĹģⷽһעһµġ뿴⾪ô˵⾪˵һҲΪϾӵݣ콣ţвСĺ
һƺţײ֣Ѧ̶꣬꣬Ϊ˶øߵ⾪֪ѦĶ֣ǼֺѦһս˵ףΪ˽ӵĳƺš
սʼδڶս߻عϵĳѾʧ˵ϡ
ʦ֣ͽ̣ŲԶ㣬ڵ
룬ˣų룬һЦ
һֱûսǬΪ˵ȳսҲûʧһʼսʵĽҲԤϣϾս߲٣ϳпָЩߣĲСϢһ֮󣬲״̬ԽսΪؼľǵһ͵죬һսߣпܱ˺սܣ죬һЩ۲õ׼ӣŻ֣Ҫ֪ڣ̨ϸصָĻڹ֮С
ⲻҪĽ𣿡һЦ
㼸ֶԸЩʵ˼ɣͱˡ㣬û˿ĺøУ֮ǰʵͳˡڣԿʵ
ɣҿսʤ˻ҳԱţжһЦһǿսӿ


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һըǱʵʻı˲䱻ںϵɢһŰɢ


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ʵ̫ˣһ¶׻ͬΪߡ
̨콣ŵӶǿЦȣǸû˿Ŀɱԣֻ֣һж޷Źȥ
ʱǣҲЩףΪʲô˵εǫܹһֱǬλãܹûյκյε֮䣬ʵ̫ˡ
˸пѵĲǣ̨ϵͻȻɢ̨ϣһƬɫĻ𺣳˵ǰ
쿴ǻȼաһ߾
ʱˣҲע⵽һ㣬ǻ𺣾ȻɽȥԼ֣ǵɫĻ𺣣Ϊ֮ǰǰɫģ
ô᣿
һĻҲɵˣܹо֮У֮һڲϵļ֮ܵҲɣ

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ȫֶΣŲԶ㣬
Ҫ⣬ΪһУʤҡŭԼǿĵƣȻɵƵβŭ
֮ǰ˵һеˣýˡһƽ㣬˵һλҪл㡣
ߡһڳνĶлֻѸû⡣
ӮңɲǡҪ˵ͻȻɫ͵һ䣬Ȼоһɿֲѹѹ֮£֮һ֮Ȼֻܵʮ֮һ
ǡ򡭡̨ϣһŵĿ̨ϵĳ룬һʮ꣬˵


229 ǫԼս
ǵ򡣡΢΢ҡͷĵȻ׵ѹƣڵܵһЩ֮Ȼûȫѹˡ
ĵΨҶ𣬳ͬƿصĴڣ򶼻ᱻѹס
ǵ򣿿ָоüͷ΢塣
ΪǼߣͬĵʶܹƭġ
ӦںϵԵʡЩȷ
˫ںϵߣʵ̫ˣر㣬˵εģ֮٣ⷽļأҲǼ٣˲еԵɣҲ֮С
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ȻյĲĵ򣬵ȴܣĺȻȴֻǳζѣڳĵ֮УʵѹĳɣǳĶ֣
Ҳԩ߿ЦһһοֻˣҲǧԪǶǼ߶ԣҲһʲСĲƸˡ
ȻǧԪʶ˾ʵһԣرǳ룬Ѿ׵ŷ˵˵жϣһɳ콣ŵ콣źķԴţֵõġ
Ҿ֪СӻֶΡһԵЦ
һջǲСߵӣȻҲǳ׵ͬ˵ľԳԺУŲСİ
λѾǼߣսߣֻһɿֲѹϮ·춼Ҫһ㡣
ÿֲѹô£
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ŵĿ̨ϵĳ룬ڣǲǷ֣һֱǶС˳롣
ÿֲѹӦûĵ򡣡ǫԪתǹӴѹ˲ʧȻûǰΪʶȴ֪ںϵǿһ̤ΣѹԲֻ˶ѡ
һҵĶ֣ǳˣϣҾһսǫĿڳϣбŷһǿս
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ͬʱ̨ϵĳ붯ˣһһƽĽգۼϣֱֲӽɳȥ̨¡
ôᣬôܡǲŵĿų룬һѪȴǻȻ

ôҪ֪ں֮ͬУεĶָڵ֮УҲšܹʮ֮ǰģҲֻڵӶѣ
ܣòٵӳԾС֪콣ţŲ̶̼ʱ䣬Ϊʱ䣬ʮꡣͨһսҲף벻֮ǰǸţɱһǿߣ
ܣ½Ϊµĵ
һεĽ֣ջҲǲСˮ֮һϣȻ˵εĲΣһжԴĺҲΪʲô֮ǰлԭֻǻǼˡ
룡
ܣ㳡˺һᣬ˻ع׼սʱǬϵǫͻȻ˵޵ĳ롣
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һĻɵˣǬǫȻԼս룿Ҫ֪ԴǫǬλãѾ֪꣬ûпԼսߣ㣬ûĴܹǫԼս˵Ѿսǫʵ
ûɣʦ֣ȻԼս룿
ûҪǣѾӦ
ǫԼս㳡ɧǰĽսǵ֮ᣬǬǫһֱ̨˭ս׻ܡڣǫǵһοԼս֮µߣ
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˻һ˶ʱסˣǻûϸ⣬ϾǫǴûѾٹ̵ĽǸӾȵǫȻԼս
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۷׷ף˭Ҳ˭һЩΪǫʤΪǫʵǿΪƵǬڵʵֻԼ֪룬һƥÿһս¶ǿֶΣһ·ͬû˵ڳ㽻֮ǰǿ϶ΪɣڣȴЩûס
ôǫͳıԣҲ޷ж˭ʤ󣬲㿴Ͼǫʦ𣬶ǫӵ
ֻбȹ֪Ƭ̺󣬿Ц˵
ԵܶԣںϵѾӽĵ򣬶֮ϣҲǫ֮ϣǫΪȴѾϸأ벻Ǹո̤ϸضѣΪϵĲ಻СֻǿЩ棬ǫʤһЩ뻹ûֶΣ˭Ҳ֪ο߱ԣǵΪ͵ĽһЩϸ΢Ĳ࣬Ҳʤƽ
˵ҵЩڴıһԵһ΢ЦʦܣȤٶһΣ
ðҶĳʤЦ
ԣǺݺһ飬ҡͷˣ
Щ͸룬ԣ˫˭ǿֻбԹ֪ѹΪǳʤڣΪϵĲ࣬ȴݺӡ
̨ϣԻڼһսеĵλҲǴΪһĵһǬ˶ԳȴޱȵϾĳɳ̣ڳˣţһŻĵӣȴѾԶԶĳԽǣС
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ѦԼҲûмս˼Ȼˣ˵εĶԷȴܹԸġյֻǵγڣ֮Ĵɱֶ٣һЩᣬɶԷĵѾǳڣսŰ
ʱţһתۣһ죬һ죬ӵڴ˷仯µĵ
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ɶ֪ˣ͸òϧһдҲҪСӡкڲѣΪԼСģΪóɳھԸ룬Ҳܡĳϳ֣ʲôЦչֳ츳߲صܶԳ붯֣
ʦ֡һ
л˵һʱ⵽˼㣬Ȼûʲôɫ
ʦҪԸ룬а취ӵ
㣿㿴۶ԷϾǲм֮ɫһϸصߣҲԸ룬Էһжնɱ
ʦ˵ЦˣǳĶ֡ӿЦ
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ȻǳĶ֣ʦƺһˣͳĳޣɱʦָ󡣡ӿڵ
˭ʶ


һΪ˶Ը룬ǺͳĶԹ˵ףΪ֮ʱ϶ѣԵʣͳԹȴ
룬Ȼ޷Ը㣬ΪҹӣҪԸ㣬ɲʲô£Цһ˾


230 ںʧ
լԺڣϥڴ֮ϣԺвϵĻ֮ǰĽ֡
һεĽ֣ˮ֮һϵĸѾ˵ѵõĻᣬȻץסҪһֱΣʱͿԳֵڡ
֮ǰںϷڵƲΣֲεںϣӵɡķں֮ѾǵβΣҪںĵֵҲﵽβС
ںֵ֮Ѷȼǳ֮ǰѾܹһںϣҲֻ˵ո󣬲˵һܹɹ
ˮΣȴ罣նһС
ڻʼڣԺ֣ʲôˮ֮Σ鵶ˮˮɼɻ󲿷ֵĹ㽻֣ȻߵǺ֪˱ˮһεĽ֣óˮ֮ᣬҲ֪ˮ֮ա
Ժյˮ֮ΣǸպ෴ƿصĺ֪˵ˮ֮һǿһ棬һһᣬڡ
ˡ
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Щˮ壬ϵͷ·һ޴УЩˮˮȻʼһϸСıЩȫͬϸɳһ㣬ۣѿ塣Щϵˣγһ͸ıӡ
ۡ
ɢȥԳΪģʱ֮жʱһصѹ
ˮ֮Σڳɹˡϥĳ΢΢˫ۣ϶һ˿Цݡ
ܹô콫˺˽ˮ֮һ֮⣬ΪҪǣǷͨԲ˵˵ѡ֪ܶǼߣƿڵ֮ϣ޷֮ʱѡĵΪ
뱾ͲֵȻֻǵΣˮ֮һȻвСİ
û뵽Ѿʱˣʱˣȳһ¡˿լԺ⣬ڵҹɫ¹һʱ䣬Ǿںֵ
ˮںΣںϣˮںϣӵˮںϵǳԽ˷𣬾ͷ·һһ㡣𵱳ԺֵΣңн磬ˮں֮ԶԶڷں֮
Ҫֻ֪򵥣ĵĵҲǴ߲ĵ֪ͬʮߣ߰˸ǲĸ֪ԽǻԽǳĵ˵ԽףиľԽ
ˮں֮Զȷں֮ӳҲ˵вӵףŸĽҪţȻҲǸɡ
ڵĳ룬ҪľںֵȻ֪ˮںϸײôѶȸߵˮΪ㡣
Ҳԥʼںˮˮˣˮ˻𣬵ĳ̶ֳϣͬˮͬһͬΪյ似͵ǻʤĹؼóĽֶԣĵѹһֿƣΪȳߣҲһֿƣͿ˭ϸǿѡ
߶ڵˮɲ֮䣬һ˿ˮһ˿棬ڳƾճ֣ںϸˮںѾһЩüĿﲢǾԵˣᣬֻǱ˴˲ͬһѡ
͡͡
ˮͻת˴໥ںϡ
ˡ
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ˮͻתȻȫ߶໥ںϣ߱˴˵ԣȴ˭Ҳãһȴںϡ
޷ںϣܵɼȫųҲǲɵˣԤ֮УˮںϣӦʮּ򵥵飬ճԵĽȴɵˡ
ôҾͲˡ
ۼ޷ںϣһһ̣͵ش߶ڣʱһɿ񱩵ڳǰӿ
ã
ܵɼʧصɫʱ䣬æתԪסԼΡ
顫
ţһ촫ֱֲӽӴ֮Ʒɡ
ʧˡǿѹڸӿѪϾʧ֮ɫ
һˮڣϣںϣȻʧܸգҲѹںϣҪﵽΣޱȵѣȷʵҪںֵѶȸں֮Ϊʲô
дˣں֮˳ں֮ѣֵںϣʵ˼򵥡ЦҡҡͷһεʧܣҲףں֮ϣںϺΣҪںϣҲôסǿһ۾ͻᣬ仹ʲôܿԣ
ۿֻʣһʱһĽսҲٳںˮʼ׼֮ǫһս

죬ӵҲǷ˾޴ı仯ͻֱӶ˵ĳƺš죬εǬһսǬĳƺš
콣壬һ磬㳡֮ϱǻ콣ŵӡһЩϢĳ϶ǰսбеڽ֮ϰˡ
֣˵лʤ𣿡ԳϿڵ
˻һһԵϺҲǿϣ֮УӴ룬ҲΪֳ֧룬˵˵İƶδԸķѴ롣ϾֳϣȻҲ֮ΪʵλһЩ콣ľӢӶȲϣ
һ㣬ϷͲ֪ˡϿЦҡҡͷڳʵѾԽǣĳɳٶȣδţϷ޷¶ȡ
⻰ԳȻô⣬Ҳ֪ϴ˻٣ʱĳѾǳԽǵ֪ԽǵԤϡ
Ըܻʤɡа
һսϵȻϣʤϾ̵߽֮콣壬ڹ˽ϣʤ
ʦ֣˵һΣʦֻӮ𣿡һԵİױ
Ȼʦ˭Դ콣ţɼױһŵ
ʦ˵Ĳʦǳ˵ôܻ䣡һ
ˣ
ֳ֧߽ˣѾ콣ڶųսʤ㣬˻Ѹŵƣ²õĽͻȡµΪ콣һ
ǰʦô䣡ױ૵ڶ˵ţǶԼ˵š
쿴ǫʦ֣
ڴʱȺͻȻˣֻԶһӰȺǬǫ
Щ꣬ǫһֱǬλã³ͻ𣬵ǫȻڶ࣬ôĻۣݣ콣ŵеĽ
쿴ʦҲˡ
ͬʱһ򣬳Ҳǳǰ
Ӱңңʱһεս⣬˵ɢ
ಡಡ
Ӱ˲Ծ̨
̨ϵӰ̨µĹսߣ˿ҲǼѡһһĵһţһһĵһţһһβμӽսһǵһβμӽս˭ܻʤǵһ֮ͬҲŵ棡


231 ٶ֮
ಡಡ
ԶգӰˡ
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Ӱڸ̨֮ϣĿ˲俴̨ϵĳǫ
رһ֮ɫǫĵӣһţǫҲûʧĽ̵֮£˵ΣѹλӡŵѾǱΪһĽӰˡ
ǫĵӣͬ󱲣˽ϣȻϣܻʤȴһ֮ǳʤŵŵ󡣱ϾֻһţǿһŲŻ᲻ϵǿ
ʼɣǫǸֱԵĳϿڵ
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ಡ
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һĻ˶ǼսΪ۷һսʼ˭ΪһĽӣҲܿ
ʦܣóȫʵҿɲǣ㻹ҿԺܿ϶ĸ㣬ɡǫһƽ˵·ڳһʵ
ǻ˵϶֮ԱǣǿڵǬǫȴ˿дǬѹλӵǫʸ˵Ļ
ʦַģҲϣһսȫһս΢΢ͷǫҲ˿Ĵ⣬ܹǬλãϲ֣ʵСοǫʵʵжǿû֪Ϊڣûȫս
áǫ΢΢ͷһ̣һǿϢ
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ܵǫϵϢɫʱϸصΪ㻹Ҫǿϲ١
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ڴʱǫͻȻһ̣ǫһһâ˲䱬ɲ֮Ѿ˳ǰ
ʲôô죿
֮ͫ˲Ŵ󣬳ɫʱ䣬гæһᣬǰ
顫
һ죬Ľֱӱ˿ĲǿסΡ
Ȼסˣ
ۼɹĵסԼһǫҲһ˿֮ɫ
ÿ죡Ȼɹĵֵסǫһȴһ£ԶѰǿڸղ£㷴ӦҲԲɵĵֵסǫһ
ŲԶǫɫޱȵһŵ뷨
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죡
ǿ죬Ҳ֮Ϊٶ֮
֪н磬һ仰似޼᲻ƣΨ첻ơȻ⻰Щŵĳɷ֣ҲԿٶ֮ǿͬΪ֮£ѹ֡εߣҲûһսֵ֮ԪҲǼΪټ
ղŵĳ룬ѾʮֵСģɾˣǲ㱻ǫһС
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ս벻ʾٶ֮Σĵں֮ͬٶһҲаһս
ಡಡ
Ӱ˲̨ϼһһٶȿ磬һѸ磬̨µĹսĿ⾹ȻЩϡ
̫ˣٶȣֻǻû֣Ѿܡ
ǰʱ˵Ľ֣֮ǰӵıȫΡ
һ콣ŵҲǸпѣǵЩ˵ٶȣȴӰǶʵжϡ
ɶǾȻôǿ̨ϼˣɫѿ˼㣬ڲʩչ֪Ϥ˵Уֻ³ŲʮУ
ǫʮǰǿô࣬봦·磬̫ˡѦһĿ̨Ͻֵˡ
ӵݣȻʵˣȴܿ˵Ľ֣ȻҲʱֵˣԶǿΨһе˵ǣ봦·硣
ȻǷں֮֮һٶ֮ҲǼΪóǫٶȣȴǲһЩ
ٶʵ̫ˣٶ֮ϣҼȫѹƣǿֻѾƵĶõˡһСӦǫĹвϵ˼ŶԲߣϧǫǿ쵽ָٶȣȴС
ⲻ֪ǫҲޱȵľȣҪ֪Ϊ㳬С磬ٶȸѹƳ룬ɼҲֻǴ·ѣûʲô
ųǿ󣬽սֲǷ֣ȻΡǫи̾
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ʦܣȻûʧȻˣҿҪȫԸˡǫ֪ȥܻʤҲΪȳѣм
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ںϵȻ£ֻǸոմﵽκڣȻܹѹӽĵΡᵽںϵǿǫҲ֪ڳ֮£Ĳԩ
ݡ
𶯣Ľâӿһͬϸ˿İ׹⣬˲롣
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һԵԣϲ¶һ˿ЦڵСǫӷ֮һٶ֮ϧһ֮ϣĳɾ̫ͣںϣи֮һû
Ļ֤ʵǫֵֻͬǼ߽һֵһ˵ֵںϣҪһֵҲô׵ġ
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ɴʱǫ֮һѾﵽĵҪںٶ̸֮ںϣοٶ֮֮ǿôס֪ԽǿĵԽǻǫǿֵһ޳ɡ
ں֮츳ԵȱһɣСǫȻҽ̵ϧҲˣڻԵϣһЩп
Եֶǫܹٶ֮콣Ǭλã츳ȻϧȴûлԵںֵֻѡΪóķ֮һ


232 ʤ
̨ϣͬڵһʱ뵽һ㣬׹ǫٶ֮δﵽΣпܺһ˫ںϵߡ
˵ǫڷ֮һĸδﵽĲΣųںϵȻС
ǫ˫ͬޣҸûл֮а
ڣʤ븺ɻδ֪
㣬ͬӰһ㣬ٵӳŵѹƣǿǫҲ˿·硣
ʦʵ̫ˣȻԺǬǫĲ¡̨ϼˣױһ̾
ԭ˵ĵӣֻϣܹĽӵĳƺţĻ佣ҲˡϾǳһβμӽӵսųΪģܹǬš
ı֣ȴǣսʤλӣڻսǬ֪Ǭ콣ͬһˣ
ʱĳѾӵʵҲ˵һսʤΣһսضԳ˵ĵӶԣĺ¡
ĽҲ˾ƺ콣ŵӰӣȴȫą̇̄ϼˣ
֮ǰĽ֣Ҳڽϵĳɾ͵ȷͣҲֻǺǫ°ˣǴ˿̣չֳĽȴǱǫʩչĽҪ١
ȷˣ콣ŵӰӣȥֲͬһԵ΢΢ͷ
ѵǡͻȻǰһĿĶ̨ϵĳ롣
ǷʲôһԵ˼״æ׷ʵ
Ȼˣû뵽ҾȻССЦһ͵ϸĽں˶ֽ
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һʱ䣬ǲ֪˵Щʲô
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ͣɺɱزҲԶԶ磬ٸһЩʱ䣬ҶǶ֡ǫа
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룬ŰɣЦĿƳһ۳լԺڵķǷɿʧҹɫ֮С

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ڵĳ뻹û׵ĳɳҪԸ治ףǶֻ֣Ҫأ֣ȫƵѪ̵ͷϡͻȻЦһȻ˶Ըķ

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ХԳ룬Ѿǵ̬ȣĳңѾǳҵ֧˵ܹɳʲôزʹܹߵʲôزۼʵԽԽǿԽԽǿΪҵĸ߲㣬Ҳĵĸл롣
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룬ȻΪһҲ׷㣬һúÿóңûк֮ǣȺУѾΪһĳɫޱȵļ㡣


234 
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ҩ⣬ŸĵҩҩܿѡĵҩϾǰҩ⣬ΪҪģΪĵҩֵҩҲΪ
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⻰⾪ɿЦҵʵԵǿϹսĻԵֻºҲûϵҸò˶ٻ֡
ϹսǻεȻԵЩϣ⾪ȴ֪֮콣һ֮Уĩһˣ˵˴ڵۡҪ֪ľ飬콣ҲܹðǿˣѾǲ֪ǰˡҪȫðǿǾŴķڣҲ˵һܹ쵽
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ȻԪ飬ȴԣк֮ʹãö֮֮Ȼ̺֮ϢȻҲʺϺ֮ߵı֮ǰõǼȻƷ̺żǿĺϢȻһλ֮ǰùıǼ֣ʵҲ
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Ǳ似Ȼ콣似ɱȡ뷭ƤҲǸпѣص似ԸӵĸȻҪĻҲࡣǼ似Ǹε似Ǳ˵ܲǶһҲҪһʲСĻ֣֮УҲǫܹһѡ
һ߷ģһѡʺԼ似Ҫںܸǿ似Ҫ似Ϊ
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콣ƤƤϵ֣΢΢һ
ǰڣù콣򣬴˽ϧ֮Ƥϣһ䲻ô۵Ļ·콣Բϸص似
һǧ֣Ȼôˡһ콣ҪĻ֮󣬳벻һ㶣Ҫ֪似ԽǿҪĻԽ࣬һľ似ϸص似Ҫһǧ֡ϸص似ûǧ֣ܶһ콣ȻֻҪһǧֶѡ
ȻԵˣĻָպûһǧͷԭȥȥ֮콣һһЩҩʱ콣̸ıע⡣
뿴һ£⾪ѡ似Ͼߺͬӵ󽣵䣬似ٶȼ죬ںϺ似Ҳǿ˶ԣ似һ㶼ѡһѡΪʺԼĿǰΪ似
룬ôѡˣ̤⣬˵Ⱥڱ³ϡ
ʱŷ֣Ȼǵһġ
ͷԼѡõĵҩ似³ϡ
ţڵ³ɫͻȻһ䣬ѡ似
³ָ似Ȼ֣ѡ콣
ô似ѡǻֲԡü
ǡ³ԣҡͷ似Դӵǰ֮콣ܹ似ģˡ
ô٣ԣɫһ䣬ټ콣ţȻֻвܹɹ
³ϵ˵ͷЦ似ܼǿλǰǿ似ϸʱǺһţ̤ǼǺһǿߡϧ似еʵ̫ˡ
ʲôæ׷ʵ
ڸҲûã㵽ڣȻ㡣³ҡҡͷڻҪѡ似𣿡
šû˿ԥ֣صĵ˵ͷȴЩ棬似к⣬Ȼֻȼɹ


236 콣
³ϵĻó콣ԽĺصסȲĴ콣ĸ
׽ų벻ϵķģȴüͷ
׽ǿȷе˵ʮֵͨȻֻǿһС֣ţֻһϸص߶աǰ³֮ǰ˵ܹŽţҲָ
³Ӧòƭҡа
׽һǧ֣㲻ԳԣҲ㲻ʲôʧ³ϸһƭȫûбҪ
³ûƭңǾֻһֿܡжȻһâһֱ̣ӽ
ҪŽ⣡󣬼¼һϸС֡
ȻˡһϸС֣벻ɿЦһڸղţѾ뵽ֿܣŽҪֲ֧ܷӳܡ
ʱҲǳ׵³֮ǰ˵콣似ϸҲֻˣϸս⣬ԪҲˣ֪ǰΪ۷ʱյĽҲֻ߳ɶѡ
ۻʹ˼һֻǽΪĲΣֻͣϣ⣬ȴǵ⾳ΣǼߣҲ˶⾳
⾳ޱȵѣ콣壬˽һԲ߲֪ж٣սϸȴһҲûУɴ˿ɼսʶεȵѡ
ǰĳѾ߳ɽ⣬˽һԲ֮Ȼ޷ͻƣ⾳ΣѾǿ޾ġ˽һĲΣͨ߶ʮֵѣϸ߶ԣֻҪϵķϰʱ䣬һ㶼ܴﵽ˽һԲ֮
Ҫսеľڵң޷Цҡҡͷ콣ڵԸ֮
ȻҪܷӳܵ似ֵǺܴģһǧֵ֣ã콣ŵĸ߲ҲΪ֪ϸܹʵ̫٣似Ķһ֣Ż١
³˵ҵ콣ھͻ֪콣Ӧвķ֮ǰ³ϵĻǹ콣ļأ߶漰콣ڣȻ콣콣Ĺؼ
ض룬ȵ콣ڣһоͻ֪콣ĸʼ似
֮һ׼׵ĳˣĴ֮£ǰ콣ڡ
һ߸·һʱ䣬ŵִ콣ڡ
ˣ
ǰӵȺɽ

ǰȺɽ뼸˲һ㶣ǰȺɽȻ޼ʣȴ˿ŵӡ
һɻĳˣֻǵȻһЦһ̣Ǵȡһöɫƣϵ콣ŵıʶ콣
ѵ
һĻǰһƺʲô
һֻ̣еɫƱһصĲɫ⻪ӿһ˲䣬ԭһǰʱһƬȺɽľ޴󹬵Ⱥɽ֮УһֱƵĽУһӾס˳˵Ŀ⡣
󣬺Ļ󣬾Ȼû˿о̾ѣҲǣ콣ڣȻǲɽΣûаϢ
߰ɡĻ£ɫ⻪˰ţ̤һƬ֮Уľʱһ任ȻǻӵȺɽ
콣ţŨԪ⾪һп
ԪȻǲ֪콣Ũ˶٣ǳʱȻ°빦
ȻȻʼڵԪҲѷɫ˶٣û²⣬ӦҲһԪһâŨԪ£пӵԪŨԪ
ˣǲĽʱ䣬ǶСЦŵ
һʱ򣬺γͬ⾪һ콣Ϊܹͻʼĳţĵô
룬³˵ѡ콣ͻȻ
ǵġ˵ͷ
֣ѡ콣⾪ԾĿų룬콣ŽҲ˵ȻŽж
һԵǫ˻Ҳǿһ۳룬ǫͬѡ콣ȴ޷ʶεȵѣҪ֪콣ŵļλǼϣҲֻа˽⡣
ֹһ콣ҺεȵѣɲΪܹɹ
˵ĵһ˽һȫΣϸյͽģҲΪţĳ̶ֳϣűţҪ٣
пվͶȥ콣һ£ȱ콣ǿ߼أǶ콣ҲĹ콣ϣڵ
콣һĿ⿴ԶֱƵĽС
Ǿ콣
콣ѵʲôɣ
Ȼ˵콣ŵ콣콣Ϊԭͣɵ콣ǰġֻϧλǰԣ콣ֻΣ񡣡п
ഫ֮ǰһѲ񷣬գֱأԲʮ𣬶ؽ⣬콣ԶĽУ콣ڵ棬⽣и򣬴һ콣䣬콣ڣ콣Ҳ˶
񷣬գҪʲôʵǰؽУзˣ٣֪Ԫǿߣ
Щ𣿡⾪𾪵
˭֪ءҡҡͷЩǹഫΣû֪
ѵԪǿ߶֪
Ҫ֪ԪǿԪ޾Խã֪أȻҲԽࡣ
ҾͲ֪ˣҲֻǼһζѣǵҳΪ콣ʱ򡣡ҡҡͷ
Ԫߣɲô׼ģԪ޾ǼһδлһΣܹһѾˣ⻹ΪǾŴ֮һԵʡ
ЩǶԣ̫ңԶֻҪúðµʱ䣬ȡ̤ǿϹսǡڵ
ԣæ˵ͷڲϸΪ˵ԪǸΣǼΣǶԶôңԶ
콣ڲûԤеôӣȻɽԶ콣֮ϣӵȻ콣Ųûʲô𣬵ȻΪȴǲͬնһ·ߣûһϸµġΪţ콣ߵȻǾӢߣɽ֮УľӢɳһӵӵʵ
ܺͻʼڲƾŴʥصĴڣ۾ӢӣȻͻʼЩ࣬ȴ󡣡һ·ипѣʥصĵ̣ӵлԪǿŵĵ̣
һǼϵĴ֮£˺ܿ콣ŵפء
£Ǵʱ䶼ȹ⡭
ʮ겻콣һĵӣʵҲôһ˵ʱһ̶˵
ͷȥֻ֪ʲôʱīɫ۵ųһ


237 
Ϊ׵һӥӣǸղſ֮ˣȻ˿ӥһ΢ЦȴܹܵԷһɵɷ
ǡͻȻĿڶԷǰűʶ֮ϣͫײһͺš
콣оŴڣű֮һŴڵĹϵȻ㲻϶ãϾоݣԴ콣ڣ˴֮䵹Ҳûʲôͻ
⣬콣ź͹ţǶͷ֮ǰˣŵĵһҪСġ
ŵʵ콣ţھŴ֮УҲεķڣɲ콣׵ſɱȣҲˣ콣ŵӺ͹ŵӳͻԿ콣ŵӡ
ţ
ǫ˵ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ɫһ˿֮ɫ
ֺɣ콣ŵ£ֲָֻšۿӥӣߵ
ţԴڣǹ콣Ŷѡֺ΢΢һЦҪ콣ںϴһʲôνĽӲһδҲ̫ˡ
أ콣ŵ£һᴦɫ࣬һ콣ŵĽţˣʱֺɹҲǴŭѡ
ǵǣڣ콣ſ϶ᷢ󡣡ֺɵȻһЦ˿ûɫĿһԵĳϡ
ֺɵĿɨ˶ʱֱ޶ϵĸоƺԼһУܡ
ֺЦҡͷһ콣ŵĵҲôҲһϸصСǿܹϣʱ콣ű̫죬µЩСһɻ콣ֽ̼ء
дˣ콣ʱ㡣һЦԳ˵ߡ
ȥ콣һˣֺɵɫ̳ЦǲײĲᣬһΣҾҪݺݵĽѵһ콣ţ֪ڿɲǵ콣ֻ׶ѡ
˵Ĳ콣ŵ״ӣһǹŵ棬ǹź콣Ʋֺԣߵ
ֺ΢΢ͷ콣ź͹ţߵĶԹѾãʼʱ콣ռϷ磬ʱʧǿԽ콣ţһδڻˣ콣ŶǹźݺݵĲڽ¡
Ҳδ̫ˡһ߷߲ƽ
ŵȷţŵıǮϴιھڻϣõĳɼһΣŵĵиǵһλšһЦ
Ŵڣģʵɼ㲻öãǺ͵׵콣һȣɾʹˡοһζԷţϸĵ򣬾һݵǼУֻҲŽǰ塣
ĵ
˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼÿ˶˵Σٶʶ˵εܣҲĿ£ǳںϵҲᱻѹƣ
ţεľڻˣֻ¡һԵɫصź콣ŵĶԹѾãЩϵļιŵţ콣ŵӿ϶ù
΢΢ͷ֪ΪļˣҲһĽһλš
򣬾ڻʼڣҲֻŰΪţʵ콣һ棬ҪѷɫһЩڷ滹ãܹţʮټ
ɫصĳ뼸ˣЦҲصģŵǸţעܹǿĴڣڵĿĲǺ͹һϳ̣ǿ
˻صɫҲ滺˲٣űԣǳ룬ҲûжٰգɱȻԷ潻֣ܵĶ
ų˵פڵҲ½ŴڱһƬ򣬶ڲԶУṩŴڵдԵĳء
֪ܹǰڵķڵӣվ˷ͬ۷ţڷڣ֣ƽյĽ֣ҲԻʲôȴǲһ˾ŴڵţÿһǲЩŽ֣ǶԣһѵþУÿ춼дԣд֮УŴڵʵҲǽ¶
У֮⣬ܻӭĪ似콣ȱĵãڷڵĵӶԣͬǾ޴ĲƸ
󣿡
ǰϵĹһ⣬һ󣬻ʼڵ伮ĹȻһղصĵ伮Ѱ߶ԣǺεҪĲƸ
ϣҵаĶ
һ߽
ȻСȴ࣬ϾƽڵĵͷĹٵ伮ʱڵӼˣŴڣҲʮ˶ѡķڣÿһһĸĵڶ˸һʮŴҲֻʮһ˶ѡȥУдԵߣֻʮ˶ѡ
һ߷ŶʯϵĵøһѰŶԼõĶĹʼڵĵ伮콣ĲٶԳԣ΢΢ĵٶȻҲǼ졣
һʱǷʯܵĵø򣬵ȴûҵܹںĶ
ţǡͻȻһƤ֮󣬾Ȼ֣ƤмصǷ֮ĵø
׷㣡
Ƥֺ󣬲΢΢һȻͲ²⵽׷㼫п콣ڵĵӣǵļƤ֮ȷ
Ƥϵĵø򣬶ԳԣİΪƵĵãϾһݣһҪӵȫӵ룬ϾƤʱ׷㻹콣ڡǶµĵøȴ׷ǰ¡
˫ںϣأǻδ̤·м˼ƤĩβһСӳȻ׷㣬Ҳᳫ˫֮ͬ·
ңҲƵĻû˫ͬ޹޷˫ͬ޵ѣ³ӵǼ۷ʶֵõ׷ĴУҲûںϵ
ҪƤ׼ĵ伮ƤͻȻһƬɫ˿
ţһæɫ˿
ǡ׷ںϷĹ̡뿴Ǿ˿ϵļأһ㶣˿ϾȻǼҷ嵱ںϷϸ̡
Ȼ׷Ȼᳫ˫ͬޣҲûһ˿ԵԵܹõƬ˿пͬ׷һںϷҪ֪ں̤˫ͬҪһĳ룬ΪںϷ֮Ƿ˲ٵڻԵɺ֮Ѱ׷ʬڣںϷ
ҵָ㣬ǧʮǧСᡢãݱ䣬Էãͨں֮Եˡ
øᣬͨѵͻȻǰһԺжȻһ⣬ƺʲô
˵Ȼں˷ϣ׷˲֪٣Ȼɹںϣȴ׷ִ׷һͬඥ˲ó˷ںϵĹؼͬʱҲ֮ǰˮʧܵԭڡ


238 ˮ
һ뵽ںϵϣҲ಻סæصסʼչأ׼ںˮ
ˮβںϣ
֮ǰǿںϣȴﱾˣ໥棬ҪֻҵˮǸ˵ĵ㣬Ȼɡ

žԵţ׷µĻΪһȴţѾں˷˲еĹؼ
ȫ߷ڵˮ֮˲ȫÿһˮ֮ʼ˵ıԣȴǲԸںϡ

ˮ֮ųʼ˴˽ת
һˮһ
˴˲ϵ׷ţڶ߱˴׷֮Уܹĸоĺۼ
׷ٶԽԽ죬߾ͷ·һһ㣬ˮ֮ǰĲһµ
֮
ͷһ֪Լⷬںϵķȫ߶ˡ֮ǰں֮ʧܣǿںϣȫûй˼ˮʵֻҪˮֻҪ֮ܽںϡ
Ȼ֮˵򵥣ɲôף߻ͨˣȿ˵һ棬ϾˮΪͻص㡣
䡫䡫
ΧأһĲһص˲ɢɲǼ·Ӳ֮ˮ֮ܲ
˵ʵһвǷɲ֮ԣˮںϣһ˲ɣ޷ֱ˴ˡ
ţ
ںˮɲǣ콣һľĹϹ֮Уһ߶Ȼ˫Ŀ
ˮںϣȴǲ֪ĸС˺Сһ·ߵĿ⿴ķλ·͸
˵⻰߱ٴα˫ĿΣѾʲôеȣ˫ںȻֹ𾪡
֮ϣ΢΢˫ĿϾϲɫˮڣںϵĵһˣȴֻںϸտʼѣںϣԱˮں
Ȼ֪ںϵѶȲںϿɱȣ뻹Ǿһ£߶ŷ֮ʼˮں֮ڡ
顫
һӴһͳը촫εĳóڵѪһӿ
ֻǸտʼʧˡһЦȻԤϵĽںϵѶȣȴǱĻҪ
ȻʧˣҲʧĹؼڣˮ
ڸղţںֵʱˮγ˿ֲųֻ˲䣬ƻˮƽ⣬ֱӵںʧܡ
֪ںʧܵĹؼڣȻܹԵҲ֪Ҫںϣһ׵飬ˮںϣΪںϿһͷ
ˮںϣԱȷӵˮںϵĳ룬ȴ֪ںϣӵ
ںϵΣѾǵ˵κڣˮں֮ող򣬱뾡СϢһ󣬱ǿʼˮں֮
ںϣܽ׷ĵø򣬵ˮں֮ȴû취ֻܰͰĲ
ʱţصʱ򣬾չأѾǹȥʱ䣬ʱ䣬ˮں֮Ҳǳɹ̤뵽˵γڲΡ
֡ǰԺĳ룬⾪
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ʦһֱڱչأҪĵѦЩڵĵ伮㡭˵⾪ȴǳĬ
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˵УʵҪ֪յĺ򣬼ԴĵпãʵҲܹ˵ߣʵԲ
ǰЩ죬ȥУս˹ŵĵӣ˴Щͻͺ͹ŵĵӽ֣ܣ˲ˡ⾪̾
ʱˣ⾪϶ʮֵĸˣһξŴڻˣĿ콣ţܣͬΪ콣ŵӵ⾪Ȼ˲
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ǣһӣյӦҲֻǵζѡ⾪Ц
ȻϲֶΣ⾪ȴòϣ֮ϣţôܺͶԷ̨ǲŰ𡣿û뵽ǣһûߣȻҲ׽ܡ
Ŷɫһ䣬ܹ㣬˵ʵԲϾ㣬Ҳó߳ɵʵȡʤ
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˵һιкȽһڵʵǵϵһڣ콣ŵӿ¸ѹ⾪һЦ
콣ڣʶŴڵţ⾪֪һƬǺεȵĹھŴڣҲĩǸεģյεߣǽʮˣ
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ǾҪ͹ŵĵӽ֣Ӱ콫ǿսеı֡⾪Щε˵
µˣҪ˵ŭǿ϶ܣֻϧһĹʵֻ̫һţֻƿصεĵӣҲʤ㡣˵ԳǫʵҲûʤ㣬ǶĴڣҲӮ٣˵Ӱ쵽İǿᡣ
ĳ룬Ȼףʲôʱóͷʲôʱ̣ŷͷĹţ콣̶ֻѡ

콣ڣפء
ʦֹȻһ֣콣žͷڹһ㣬µӣУ䳡ȥһһάĿԵĺӡ
ǰĺӣǰգܵĹţɽ
콣ŲĩķڣθҺҹᲢۡɽһ԰ߵ˵㲻콣Žߣȴǲ֪νǬ͵ʲôֶΡ
ʲô£ֻҪʦһʲôǬ͵ƨһԵĹŵӸ͵
ɽԣ϶ʱ¶һ˿Ե֮ɫﻹǫҵʵʹʦȣ˲֪٣ֻ֣һоܻ㡣
ǣǣʦοҪڵһŵͷһԵĹŵһݵ
ǿеĴʦ֣ǹһһţ˳ƹϹơ
֪ʲôʦֵ־ɲǷڵһҪЩڵһϸ£֪ǷҲԼţɽм
ڵһŵͷȻЩȣȴǲһŴÿһĵһţսΪ֤ж˲𣬶Ҫڵ֪ڵԴڣȻܹڶŵ
ʦһܳɹ
ʦһɹ
һŵɫᶨ
ʦ֣ɽĿ⿴Զһյķ䣬Դ콣ڣϹƱһֱչأû֪ڲʲôɽ֪ϹƾԲûаյ顣


239 Ԫ
֪أܿǽȥ
⼸ıչأջ١ĿͣڳƬ̣һοĵͷ
ΪȻֻǸоΪһЩ˵ȴȫͬȻڵ˲СĽ
΢΢ͷǳˮںϣȻʵϴ󣬵ȴˮں֮ϣ̤Ҫһ
ԭ缸죬Ҿʹڱչءڵ
뾲ţԼҲһ֮ǰڹŵĵйء
˵飬ӦҲ˵ˡ롣
ͷɫûκεı仯ͷ·˵ֻһѰ콣ŵһ
һо۵׵в΢΢˵ͷͳҲţ˿̼룬ȴ֪Ŵ֮ϣ벢ûΪ˽˵ĳԹԴֻ
ʵǶɽ⣬ΪϹһ㣬ʤҲ͡˵˶٣ǼȴҪ㣬ҪڽϹս֮ǰ¶Լʵ
ǵ˻Ҳ뿪ڵ
΢΢ͷڵϹս򣬲ֻ콣һڣ˴󳬼ţЩţ콣гԹûгԹõʲôͬɱ֮ʱ˵ţͬڵӣҲɱ˶ᱦ
ͷɲЩֻ֪еţΪɢ޻꣬ĵʱ򣬱˵ͬڣ콣ŵļ˶п֣ܶȻ콣ŵļ˶֪ʱҪҲõһ¡
ڽϹս֮ǰҪ¶ԼĵƣҶǵҪҲܼ򵥣ܶĽǿɡ˵
֮ô˵ֻΪҪóʵЩʵԽԽǿ콣΢һ콣ųʲôţԹŵ磬пϹս֡
ܹڰǿսŵȻã˸˴ΣգԸģϾϹս֮УΣգǾȶȲˣһݵƣͶһݻϣ
ʵٹԪʵ²Ϲƣ콣ڵ֮ͬУҲΪһȺˡ
ԪһĿ
νԪ콣󷨽ԪȪҩγɵһƬԪ쳣Ũ֮أȻԪδﵽҺĳ̶ȣȴۿɼ֮ΪԪЦŽ͵
ԪȪ
ȴ˵ԪŨԪ緢γɣԪΧ֮ԪطΪŨԪϵ͸ԪȪ緢ҲһҪԭ򡣿˵ԪȪѾһԪԪΪŨĵطԪԪֳ̬ϧСԪǻԪ߶ܵȥ
Ҳû뵽콣ڣȻĵطԪȪĶԪ磬ҲֻźĲŻšȴˣڵ츳ʵ콣ڣʵѾǺĲεĵˡ
ԪÿߵʲͬÿΪҲһе߻ֻ٣еֱͻƼС磬Ҳûзһп
Ԫ
һ⣬жԪҲԽӵĺԪԪƿЩСĳ룬һɢޣûӴԪźĲεܡ
ԪȻܹڶʱߵΪԪԪ۲ףֻϹս֮ǰǰǿŵӺͷǰĵӣʸ롣ڵ
ԪܹԶԪԪ᲻͸ȥֻл۵һ̶ȣŻͨԪȪ緢̻꣬ʮ꣬ޱȵҪ۵ۿɼԪŨȣɲһ׵顣
˵Ԫ֮У²һʱ䣬ΪвСֻصأ콣ڣҲʡãܶеӿš
ȥԪ𣿡Щ
Цŵ˵ͷһΪŵˣҲɹĽ뵽ϹսֻϹսûʲôջ񣬲ϹսľȴǸľ飬ǵǼҲ
ϹսΣ쳣ߵвΪµĻĻƺʲôɫȻһ˿ļ֮ɫ
ȥѾǼϹսȻ˵η壬֪Ϲս򵽵ǺεȵΣա
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ΣһεĻԵҪˡɫ㣬ѪɽϹսĵӶԸˣλصԪ籨


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磬ͻȻټһ
ղڳ֪ͨңԪ쿪Ŀɨˣ˵
Ԫ
˻̱üԪΪһݾڷڵӶԣѵõĻԵϾǰ֮Уг֮һ޷Ϲս򣬶ԪǵĻԵ
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Щʱ䣬˱չصıչأ˵ˣԭͳһԪ飬Ҳ˵ѡ
ԪĻԵǶԣʮҪܹǶʱΪҲϵܷǿغϹսһ֣ص
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ԪһԪȪΪĽԪѹҲǿܹԪ޷ﵽ˱״̬棬Ǿͻߵ壬ʱһƻߵĸͺñһձӣȻעˮˮıӣעˮֱӰѱӳơ
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ܹԪʱ䣬콣ţҲǧѵóһΣһ㶼֮䡣ڵģ϶һЩҩΪߣȣˣѰ߿ţĳŶԣõҩţûʲôǱ
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˻ԭһ΢ЦϵЦ͵ؽסչֳʵвԾĽŵʱˣʱǷ֣Ȼڶ̶̲ʱ䣬һصߣֱͻƵϸأҪ֪콣ŵʱ⾪ǫѾϸصΪ
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ڵӣĿƳһڵӵķ⻹һۿһνԪϹսʸڵӡ
ڵסڸһɽ壬ƽǸڵĵӣżҲһЩڵǰУۿŴڵӵĽ֣ڰǿһ֣ȴǵһΡ
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߳ĺһȻʵٿԪĴҲΪ
Ըһܵ߰ɡ̾һһΣʧԶʡ


241 
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ŨԪҲգЩԪȻҲ᲻ϵӿ뵽ҵڡܵڵı仯ϲ¶˾֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ҪϵԪԪΪԪٶ̫ҪҩԪΪֶΡ²ڵԪҲ᲻ϵ
˵һѰһʱ䣬ֱӾܳΪߣ
ڳˣڵӣķڵӶͳһ㣬һȣͬǸܵԪĲͬѰ
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ĵطֱߵãǿһǸöá⾪
ԾٶȣȻʮֵĿֲֻ̤Ǽʲôѵ顣
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ԪĵطΪʲôҪƿʱ䣬˵Ԫܸ߽ܳ룬Ϊ˱֤ԪԳȥǽʹãԪԪúһ㣬Ҫڻ۵ŨԪ֪Ҫꡣ
κһţ˶ӣԼĸ
ҪĵطֻԪ߲УһŵߡпЦһ뷨ʵʣԪǿûԪǿΪֹĶһ㾡һ֮ҲҪõıѰôգ
˽ԪԪأգ֮Ĺֻ˲䣬˷Ӧһ˲
Ԫ֮УԽǿԪȪԪԽŨУЧȻá
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ǵȷŵĶ֣Ϊ׵ӿһˣЦǣ

һԣһʱŭ
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һЩ㵵Ŀ㣬ǽԪһηԼĿ
֣⼫ź͹Źϵãϴܣŵĵӣû㡣⾪
ԣ벻΢΢һЦѹ飬ֱѡ˼š
ţֵͦǵġ΢΢һЦ


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ţŴţ͹ŹϵУŹ𣬵λҲˮǴߡ
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ʦ֣콣ŵ˳ˡųһгԼһŵĵɫһ䡣
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Ҫ֪ʷΪϸأΪʩչˮȫԽϰɵķΧˮ֮С
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ʷʵھŴ֮УѾȥĽź͹ʷʵܹŽǰ壬ǾʵȻһܣ
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⻰ʷɫʱ΢΢һ죬ԪҲԪĹأ˴˶ߵĵ̣˲ˣŲߣǶĿɲһ˵棬ţҲΪ˵Ц
֡ʷﻹ˵ЩʲôǼǱĿ⣬ȴ̱͡
ߣʷһʵһͬĵļŵȥ
ʷȻùѹǡɫޱȵѿҪ˵֮У˭޹ţ㣬Ͼɽɲֻô򵥡
֣ղӦñһЩʵġȥļһˣһԵǫС
֪֮ǰǣҪ¶ȫʵԼϹսı֮ǰһʷȻЩΪʷУҲ¶ԼȫʵǫȫûбҪ
֣ԪսپοЦһĿƳһߣЩ߽ӴĿ⣬æعͷȥ
һĻǫҲ˳֮ǰǳʷĽ̫ѱ߲롣


243 Ϲ
֪ڹŵİռݵĵطΧһƬ򣬶еȣط߲١ǼűǹţŸߣڵЩӣҲǡԪ֮УʵһУûʵû˹ǲڵĵӡ
ǳ͹ŵĵܾˣǿ϶룬һܼŵһʷʱ֪׵콣Ųǡ
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˴λʱԪͻȻһ졣
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ܵǾĶɫʱҪ֪Ԫ֮УԽ룬ܵԪȪѹԽǿܹ˾޴춯ţ
ڵҲˣϹƽˡͬʱİɫУһЦ
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˵Ļ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϲǹյš
˺ǿҲǶ֣ǫɫأ˵
Ȼû֮ǰĶǫҲжϳԷЩոյ߿ɱȣԭͱѹƵţǶ֡
˵⻰ǫ˳룬֮ϣǿҲޣֻǲ֪ʱ䣬Ƿʲô
Ҳûʮա뵭
֮ǰ춯ԷԵӦΪȫ֣ʤ㲻ᳬɡ
ţǰһõһλǿߵĴУڵεĸ֮ϣһǧһֱȥпǫ֮ǰ
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ס֣
ڴʱһӰٵӳգ֮Ѿǰ
˵ʵǺ͵ȣҲǲĿϣɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ϲƣ뻹һս֮ôͻȻ꣬û˿ʤ㣬ԷΪǵ֮򣬶ԶϹ֮ϡ
Ϲʦ֣
һڵӿˣʱޱȹ
Ϲ𣡡Ϲüͷһ壬俴ˡ
Ϲ֮һһΪﵽϸزΣʮ֮ǰ򣬸Ϲƿɱȣ


244 츳
ϹĿϹƺͳ˵ϣһɵѹ˲Ϯ
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һһţҲǿԵģԲ̡ˣڵĵȫҲĹڵĵӣ
֮ǰϹȻţȴûĳ֣Υ棬Ǵ˿̹ѾռһطϹڳطΥ棡
ƽʱڵҲδԸΪһڳͷǸղϹƲŻڵһλţڵӡûɣڵȻ鷳ϹＫĵطѾΥԪأڵȻɳ档
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ʦܣԼŵʵΧһĵطҪҵһһĵطҲ¡Ϲ̾
ԣʷɫʱò԰ϹƺϹֻҧˣ˭Ǽŵʵ콣š
ȥʷϹƵɫҲޱȵѿĿһ۳һˣǴɽʧ˵С
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һʱ䣬˵ͷҲͷϲ˳ʱ˳ٴǾֲסҲǵһ˳˳ҲζŽ᲻ϵ˳

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ȥִ꣬õĵҲ΢΢һȻҲû뵽ȻЩǼŵӣΪԪ֮ûдﵽԤĳɹ֮ʹĸһ㣬ͷҲȥȴǼ١
Բ츳ԲĳɾҲ̫ȥִ꣬һ곤֮
콣ڵŶԣʱ򣬱츳ҪҪϾΣʵ츳˴˲඼̫츳֮ĶӵҪ

һķգϸڵԪѾǵϸڵĲΣȴԶԶûдﵽ޵ĲΡ
֣һˡ
ڴʱ⾪ڵλãԪĲȻʧ
ܵһһв̾һʵ֮ǰ⾪ԪٶѾ࣬ʱţҲǵ˼ޣ޷Ԫ
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ֻ֣Ѧ˾Ҳൽ˼ޣرѦ꣬ȻԪٶȣЦ
ѦôΪԼ뿪ʱϺȻӳ˴Ԫʱ䣬ȴΪ
ɶѾԪٶȣŽһ⾪ȥѦܵ⾪ȥȴΪʣ⾪ȥû˿ĳɾ͸С
ΣҾԲܱѦҧҧٴηԪٶȣԴӶԪڵʱ䡣
Ѧ߲ټŶԣмȻܹʱӳʱ䣬ʵ϶Ϊȴǰ󣬷װ˷Ѷʱ䡣
ڣǿ֮Ѧ޷Ԫһǰһ뿪ԪԪ֮У콣ֻʣǫͳˣ


245 ŭ
ʱ䣬˵˵̲̣Ԫʣµֻвˣⲻ֮Уд󲿷ֶ˵εߡ
ֵܹڣ϶һЩ츳׿ΪϸߵߣϾΪԽյԪҲ߸࣬Դﵽ͵ĳ̶ȡ
ˡ
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֮ǰ⾪ˣͻ֮ʱû˴ĶȻǾ޵ǫ׼ͻϸء
ǫԭΪѾϸزΣʱĿޣΪ٣Ԫ죬ڴﵽͻϸص
ǫʵһͻϸأ²Щߡ
ǫеԪҲԪ֮У磬ͻƾ͵úü죬ԪŨޱȵԪܹڶʱ䣬㹻ԪҪҩһ㣬Ҫʱ䡣
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Ȼûĵ򣬲ͻϸأҲ֮ϲǫ˫ۣʼ֮еԪϸأ̤ϸģԪٶԼȻļ޿Ҳ̫Զˡ
ڵٶȣڼʱǫܿжϳԼļޣ״̬Ȼǲֵܼ졣
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Ҳʱ뿪ˡǫ΢΢˫ۣһ˿ᣬʥأκһ߿¶һʱ䣬ֻϧϸڵԪͣ޷Ԫûкôĸ
ԪٶȣȻû˿ļǿ£ּ֪ܼ졣ĿڳϣǫҲΪľȣҪ֪ڳԪٶȣȻ֮ǰʱһ㣬ûԼӡ
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Ԫһۿɼľ޴ԪУڲϵתе·һӣɢһɿµѹΪģԲʮڣȻûһߣ֮⣬һЩǾ޴󲨶ѹߣһηĿ֮µӡ
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Ȼʱ䣬ûޣȴ֪״̬ڼһʱ䣬ǿҲǽӽӡԪٶȣͻϸء
껣αռһȻϹս֮һܳԽ㡣ϹоâǱ˫ĿʼС
ھǾ޴ʮ⣬ϹɫĿһУϸأڵΪϸ۷壬ԪٶѾܹ̤࣬ϸأһδ֪
ڵţϹЩɬ뵽ΪϸصΪյܹЩڵһϳ̣ǵڣ֪Щ֮ǵĲ಻һ㡣
Ϲս򣡡Ϲ˫ȭ΢΢һգûڹעͻƵĶʼ

ԪǾ޴ĶȻҲǸܵˣԪԶԪ쳣ӰҲ̫ڶݵľ֮ļԼС
ٵתԪϵıһƾԪ뵽ϸ֮С
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ˡ
ɲ֮䣬һĲܵԪʼĳųķۣͷγһС͵УȻͻƵΣҲɴС
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ΧȻˣ
⡭ΧȻܼ죿
ԪһҲǳԾѣʱ䣬ϸ߶ԣʮֵĶݣԪ֮Уܹʱ䣬ȴǼΪѵáҪ֪ڣŴڣܼҲֻĽź͹λյŶѡ
ϧˣţȻΧƬ˵ͻƣܶһЩʱ䡣һԴ̾
һͻƣ;ᱻԪϴˢ;ǿҲǿһͻƣԪ֮оܶһЩʱ䣬ջȻҲҲΪʲôҪ῿ԪȪλõԭ

ΪеϧʱһŭͻȻڲԶը֮Ϲɫͨ죬оŭ
˭˭ȻʱͻƣϹŭţ˫ͨ죬·Ҫһ㡣
һĻһԵҲһֻƬ̣˵ȴǶһ˿ζЦݡʱѾµϹΪηŭ
ȻϹƸղͻƣΪ껻ԪΧͻȻͻƣԪ춯ͻʧܸաԭѰͻƣԪҲӰ쵽ˡ
ȴͻϸأĲԪͿʼͻƣϹѾӦΪȡһʱ䣬ͻơû뵽ؼʱ̣ȻͻƣϹͻƵʱСĽһЩãͼͻƣϴʱ˵עǱߣҲûʲôɵġ
ֻû뵽ʱΧͻȻͻƣҿⲨͻϸزе춯ôһ˿Ĳͻֱʧܡ
˵ͻʧܣϹûˣȴͻƵ˷ʱ䣬òǰ뿪Ԫܲŭ


246 ϸ
ЩͬĿϹƣ£ҪǻҲϹһܻʱʣµĴڵӣ֮ǰϹƸսԪһӵĵ̣ڵӶû˿ĺøУʱҲֵĿ֡
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Ԫ֮Ȼֹطʱʼ֮ǰһߴͻ֮У˸ҳֻ֣һ³
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ǿɱ⣬Ϲƶ˱ɱ֮ģϹǺεɱ֮£Ѿǲֻȴ֪ϹΪζ˱ɱ֮ģⲢҪҪǳѾൽȻСġ
ԪϵıϸڵԪ˲ϸصĽ
Ԫϵĳˢ;ܹĸо;ڲϵǿ㣬ʱţʱͻƣǳ׵̤ϸء
ϸأҵڵʵӦ콣һĵ֮УǵһεţҲŽǰʮˡ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ϸصڵڶεУǶģ̤ϸأƾǿͱԪԼںϵԿѰϸţεţԪһʮһ֮УҲܹŽǰʮοˮںϵŵƣȻϱ֮εܲϲ٣ȴȫԳ䲻⡣ɱϸص߶в
ֻѰϸߣܹյϸţͬΪĴڣͬмΪǿõֶΡȻţȴԴܹﵽϸţſ϶ȫ϶żΪǿĵơڵʵȻһս֮ܵĶ뻹
ҺǵĲ̡һţ㣬˶ͣ׷ϵٶȴǲϵļӿ죬Ҫ˶ãܳԽˣ
šԪٶȼˣԪȪѹҲˡ߶ʼеԪɫȴ΢΢һ䡣
ͻƣǸоԪȪѹڲϱǿԪٶȼҪ˶ãҲ޷Ԫ
ͻƣͼǸΣȫ͸֧Ǳ˵ĸι̣ͻƣѰ߸ͻƵϸأܵԪȪѹҲԶ߸ǿ
޷һͻƵϸˡһʱ󣬳΢΢˫ۣ̾һ
һʱҲжϳԪٶԼԪȪѹٶȣĹƣ໹ܼһʱ䣬ΪҲֻǿﵽϸغڣ޷ͻϸء
뷨֪֪ٴ۾ͻС磬ȻģҪ֪ܶһεţԪ֮һС綼޷ͻƣ
ھһͻƣԪǹԪ춯Ҳǳ׵ʧԣ껵ͻƽӴʱʱѾ죬Ԫ֮ʣµֻвʮˣ֮иֻʣ³һˡ
ʦ֣ǵ죿⾪ЩŵĿԵǫ
ǫЦŵ˵ͷ⾪뷨ʱ䣬֮ǰû뵽֪ԪԽã츳ԽߣԽȡ
ǫ츳ȫܹһεţɼҲֻǼʱѣ
Ȼ뿪ʱǫͷ֣Ԫٶû̫ı仯Ҳû뵽ܹôʱ䡣
֪ͻϸûСԪǫвһͷ
ͳ뽻ֵΣһ̤ϸأǵһΣҲǶˡ
ǫ⾪𾪣һԵѦɫȴѿ˼㣬ֵʱôǶԸġ
Сô츳϶ԪٶȣһһѦв϶Լ˵ţֵԽãջԽͳĲԽ
û뵽츳Ȼô£õûٳ֣ϣʧܰɡѦ˵뷨ʵˣȻܲģȴ֪츳ͳȷŲСĲֻ࣬¾ĵΣǳĶ֡
ԭĵҲȷԷһܹɹ룡
ȺУһޱȵĿ⣬ĶԪ˳ԪõϹƣҪ˵֮У˭ɱ˳룬˭Ըָʱ䣬һ
ˡ
ڴʱԪͻȻһ󲨶ȺԪˣɲѾޱȵϤ˳ʱΡ
˳ˣ
˵Ŀ̿Ԫ
һǳ룬һ
ѦĿͨ죬·һ̬ͽһ㣬˿̵ֻϣټһ֣һ룡

һӰǰȴڵһϸصߡ
ôᣡֵĲǳ룬Ѧоʧ
ֻʣ¾ˡǫԪ룬㵽ֵܼʲôز
Ԫ⣬һԪķɫһ˿֮ɫ
û뵽һ콣ŵǳһѵõţȻֵܼڣҿܼһЩʱ䡣΢΢һЦ
Ϊ콣ڸ߲㣬иûʲôں֣֮Щţ콣ڵĵӣ
֮ǰҸоǹ첨Сˡ߻𵱳ڸܵǹ첨Ѿжϡ
룬ͬޡƺ뵽ʲôߵɫһ˿į֮ɫ
ϧ׷
׷Ǻεҫۣͬޣһ֮ͬеĵһˣϹս֮Уʵ˰벽ǼĲΣϧһȴѪ׷ɱ
׷㣬һΣ󡣡΢΢̾ϢѪ̻ƵΪ콣ڵĸ߲㣬֪ԶѰ߸࣬һսҪʼʱЩ󱲵ţжٻ


247 Ѫ
˵ɳܻµĶǾӢ˭˵Ǵ֮д
ʱ䣬ǵһεţҲѾǴ˼ޣԪʣµˣҲǿʼӶ˳
еļʮ˳еǼʱ˳
ֻʣˣ
ԪУھʱ䣬Ԫֻʣ˻У߾˳֮У콣ų룡
ԪУȻڼûһһ룬ҪܵѹԶ֮ǰϲ١

Ԫ̾ϢγԪȥȥķ򣬺ȻǳڵķԪֻʣˣһ˿һĶ׸֪ԪĲȻǻܹΧȻţҲޱȵĺ档
ض뿪ˣҲֲ˶áϹĿƳӰȥķлͷ˿껵ڣɫΪĸӡ
Լ껱ΪһǿλţһԪ֮Уջȴ껣˶ֹϸ۷壡
ϹܹĸоԪٶԱ죬Ȼͻϸأ껻ֲܼʱ䣬л죬ڵΣڼһʱңͲò뿪
Χˣȴǲ֪˭Ϲ
Ҫֵ֪ڣ˵һǿļλţЩ˼ԪΨһԪΧ
ϹԣҲΪĺ棬˵˭
ǵڼˣԪ󣬿²ƽˡܵȥϢҲǿЦѡ
һԪ֮У֣϶ᱻЩżסϾһߣԷڣڵĵûѹŹ֡
ԪٶѾʮֵĻǲܳˡа
ԪٶȣȲԪʮ֮һٶȣڷٵļʱҲ޷Ԫ
ಡ
ڴʱԶһ
ϢͻȻ͵˫ۣһ̣˲ԶϹ
ʱϹһŵĿʵһ·ϣ;һ·ʶ֮׹ⲻǽԪ֮ʱǸϵ콣ŵӡ
û뵽ϵķڵӣȻԪֵʱ䣬ҪȻϹܵҲ쵽ޣԷֵʱ䣬ȴǳ
һ̫ԴһЩܹԪģκһ˶СơϹаѵ
ǰϹսʤڵӣгԪֵʱֱ̤ϸص껣һϹѹСš
˵仰ڳھŴڵ֮ǰһǣϹսǾŴʥصϽ룬Ϊ콣Ϊҫ۵֮һϹԷڵĵӣȻﲻ˵ﻹΪмڳȴ׹ڵĵδؾͱȷڵĵǿ
Ϲ𳯳΢΢ͷǷٵĳԪȥ
ԪˡȥϹ𣬳ҲǸܵԪһȻû뿪
Ӧλͻϸصšܿ뵽Ǽõλոͻϸصţ
û˷ʱ䣬ȻԪٶȻҲ˲٣ʣµʱ䲻࣬ȻҪץᡣ

ˡ
Ԫ⣬Ŵһ󲨶Ϲγ˵ǰ
ֵľȻϹڳ˵ɫ͵һ䣬رڵӣһɫǱЩѿ
Ԫֻʣˣһ껣һǳ룬һڵһߣһڵߡ
֮ǰ˸ڵӣ콣ŵĳԺ̻⵽ڵӵıӡһķڵӣҲܺȣ
ڣϹĳ֣ȴʶѾܹ
ʦ֣˵ֵܼһ𣿡⾪֮ǰ붼룬Ǵ˿̣ȴһ˿ڴ
ʦܣǫݺݵĵ⾪һۡ
⾪һ㶣һ̣ǸоĿϣЩڵӣɫƵĿ
ڵһֱ߸ϣȻͬ콣ڣΪڵӣĵһݳȻ͸߹УԪõĶڵӡһ̣ȷʵû֮ǰģ⾪ȴǽһƣڵӶȻûʲôɫ
⾪æͣɲڴ̼ЩڵӣֻﲻϵֵܼһݺݵĴһڵ
ϹôϹԣ뿪ǰǶȥ롣
Ӧò껣ϾҲ֪һ̤ϸأ껶Ǻεȵڵ״ְ̬ʱ䲢¡Ϲһƽ
΢΢ͷ뿪ʱѾʱϾ첻̫Ϲ۲쵽Σӵ
ţҶԣѹɲС˵Ƿͬ޵šɫص
ֻһֵػ̫ѹϾûչֳ츳ǣʱҲܳԽǣڵϣܲǵοɱȡǷͬޣȴǲһ
ͬޣϹϾոճֻ֪֣ڳϢȴ˿֪ͬޣȴ뵽һ¡
Ҳ뵽ˡؼ״ɿЦһǳߵ˫ͬޣҲˣͬޣڰǰ콣ڣһλͬ޵еʦ֣λµľ飬·Ȼ˳١
ѹȷСϹɫҲһ̣ȴЦ㲻ãЩЩ̫Ȥ̤ϸأʱ׷һʦܣã
һ㶣ҲЦŵ˵ͷ̤ϸأڣǱںһϳ̡ЩǶԱ˴˵ʵƶޱȵ˽⣬ҲԷֳʤвĳ룬ȴǿԼˡ

ˡ
ԪУ͵һһɰѹϮȫ߶ȻҲ޷˿Ԫ
𣿡޷Ԫ벻̾һ
ǿֲԪȪѹԳֵҲΪĳʱ仹ܼ֣ʱһضӰ
ʱ뿪ˡԪһ㣬Ҫ뿪
ţ
ڴʱصѪ֮Ȼӿԭ޷յԪȻٴγųۣϵ뵽֮С
ЩԪȴǱԪ뵽ϸǲϵĴĴܹĸоڵѪ֮ڲϵǿ
⡭
ܵһеı仯ҲɵˣƽҪڵѪ֮ҲΪѣû뵽˿̣ڵѪ֮ȻԶ֮еԪ
á
ͻȻо崫һʹʹٵǿڵѪ֮׳Զתһ̣·ص˵ħ֮ʱʹʱܵʹҪӵǿҡ
Ҫ֪Ѫ֮ǿѾǿһΪµĵزɾѪ֮ӿ׳֮£оԼ·Ͽʳÿһ缡ÿһּ飬Σ飬ٳΣܶʼ
ֻǼ֮䣬ԭϥֵĳ룬ֱͬһ̱ڵأɫ԰ޱȣ亹кƤ£ͬˮһ㣬ϵӿ·Ƥ֮£Ǽεˮ


248 
ʹͬˮһӿʱĳ룬˵ſ˵˼άƺǾʹӰ죬ԺһƬհס
벻ûоʹ֮ǰħ֮壬ǰʹҲԹǾʹ֮£ĵֿǾԣвСóһħ֮壬Բ֮ǰǰǱ
ڣѪ䣬еʹȴԶǿ߶ħ֮Ĵţڣ־Լ壬޷
ʹ֮£ÿһÿһԳԣǶ꣬ʱޱȵÿһκǹȥ¡
Ѫ֮£ϵѣϵ飬Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãʹޱȵ壬ǻָһЩ֪ȴȻ޷ƿԼ壬Ǿʹ֮£Ѿľ˿˽ǧУҲ˿ĸо
ô£ħϸûⷬأλǰҲδʶָһЩвͷ
ڵΣԼҲ֪ô£˽ħУûⷽļء
ʹڼֻǿ˼޷̽Լ
ʱţҲ֪ȥ˶ãʹҲǽʧ»ָ˶ƿء
ˡ볤ĺһ־ʹ֮£ȥͷ֪꣬ٴεһΣǺεȵļͣǰʹ֮£뵽ȥ
ѰϸߣֻɲǣͻǼߣֻ¶סǰľʹ
ϣѪ䲻ǻ¡̾Ϣһ̲̽
⡭ı仯ʱɵˡ
ȻѪ֮ںһ
֮ǰȻɹħ֮壬ʵֻħ֮壬һڻĸˮУһ֣ڲҲһЩ͸ȴûȫںϡʱ壬ͺñȽںϺˮ͸ˮһ֮䲻ֱ˴ˡ
Ҳ˵ʱѪڲǺǹѪѪѾǱѪ
ڵѪǺħԳѪһˣɫЩѿæԼ壬пֱ֫ȷԼ֮һ
볢Դ߶ѪʱһɰֲϮֻƾžʤѰϸصߡ
ÿֲ±һЩѰǼߵҪǿ󡣡ܹоԼѾﵽǰһңҪ֪ǰǼ۷ߣ˵ûʲôر幦ǿҲѰǼ߿ɱȡ
Ѫñ壡
ֻǴ߶һѪ͸ܵѪı壬ѪӰ֮£һɱĳ嶯ھħ֮ľʹεȵǿѪеıϢʱ޷ǡ
ħԳԶͬȲε޵ͣҲΪѪбϢԵʡħԳȻʵǣжǵףпܾΪѪԵʡ
ֻ˱仯ϸڵԪҲǳ׵ıѪеںϣܹܵϸڵԪܲϸ۷֮£
ΣڿһУ̫Ȼ巢һЩ䣬ȴܹо䣬ûдʲô˺øǿ
ǱϢȴҪСһЩҿɲΪħԳĴڡȻûʲôʱǱϢȴó벻С
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ಡ
һ㣬ηٵĳԪ֮ȥ

Ԫ֮⣬һ󲨶˵ĿʱԪ򡣰ʱȥ˳˶֪һγֵ˵˭

һӰӳ֮ˣ˵ɫ͵һ䡣
껣ôᣡ
ʦ֣⡭
֮ˣǱˣ껣
ֻڵӣڵҲɵˣ˵֮ǰٷڵӣжʱȳľѡ
⾪Ѿǳ׵ɵˣȻļֵ˵ں뱻Ϊӵšӵ츳ǷھŴʥأҲǵһζӣѹʥضŵĲΣڵĳȴڵһԪ֮мֵʱ䳬ڵӡ
ţҲܵЩĿ⣬ɫЩѿȴޱȵɻ󣬱Ͼְʱ䣬Ϊ̤ϸأ뿪Ԫ˾Ȼı顣
֣Ԫлˡؼһɻ󣬲˵
ˣ
껲һ㶣ʱףΪʲô˾Ȼı飬Ǽ˷ܣס
һԪеˣǷڵӡϹ̾
ڵӣôܣ
һţ֮УǿλţҲǸոյϸΪָܱã
뿪ʱ򣬸ûвԪĲԪӦû˲Ŷԡɫ
ԭڵӣ껿ܻ̫⣬Ǽֵʱ䲻ڵӣȴΪˬԭΪ̤ϸأܹΪһӵһˣû뵽ںԪ֮Уֱ˷ڵӣ
껴˻һڵһ㶣һ̣Щʧˣ̱þ
ԭǸ޷ǿŶԪ֮С
ɲǣҾ˵ڵӣô츳ΪԼǰ;Ҫˣ
ڵӶʱһм
Ҫ˵ʦ־Բˣ⾪ԣŭ
Ԫʣˣһ֮˭˵
һЩڵҲǲ׷վ⾪ߣϾ꣬ڵһԪ֮лڵӣȻ벻ŵˣɴ˿̴ȴǷڣ
󵨣ʲô˼ѵʦֻƭǲɣһҲŭˡ
ʵǰ
ڵӺʾ
ˡ
ڷںڵ˫۲ݵʱ໥ʱԪͻȻһ첨ɲ֮䣬ڶŵ˫ԼͬĽĿͶԪ
ţܵ˵ĿⶼԼϣ벻΢΢һ
ʦ֣
һ̸
Ǽѵķڵӣ벻һ㶣һ̣ԺһͷҲһİɣ
ԭѪ֮ǰʹ뿪Ѫ䣬޷ƿԼ壬򵥵Ĳ̽һԼ״ֱ̬뿪˸֪Ԫлûˡ
ǳ룿
ڴʱһǰ
һɵԪóܵһɼΣյĸо
ǣɫ
껣ϣڰǿսϲʧ˵û룬ֱʧ˵С
ЩڵӺݺݵĵһ۷һˣҲ½뿪
֣껣Ԫ֮ͻϸأһǿţԪֵʱЩ黳ҪһЩǫ˵
Ȼ΢΢ͷʵڸܵǹǿвУͲµԷλԪͻϸصߣҲֻϸصߣܵǿвУ


249 
ںԭо־ڶǴ·磬һΣȴǺݺݵĳһηͷԭǢ˫ʱֱ˴˿˳۵ĸо
ڵȻųܳԽ껣ҧ׼ǹʱ䣬ڵǳ䲻һʱ䣬˫֮Ļҩζʮ㡣
콣פء
һ˻صפأ̱ټȥ
û뵽Ȼְܼʱ䣬Ҷû뵽һпĿų롣
ʱ䣬˵콣˥һεԪôõߡ
ҡһƽ
˻˶УȻǳǫ飬ȴ֪Լ˵ʵΪѪ䣬ҲǼʱѡ
Σˡ΢΢һЦһγԪı֣콣Ŵ¶һΡΪڵ׵ţ콣Ҳü
ȻһγΪԪõߣ콣ŵ£츳Ҳ޷ֻڵź͹ŶԽİǿԣϹսСĲСɫص
еñʧһһˣȻ콣ŵǣԳԣȴǺ¡
֣صĵ˵ͷһѾԤϣڵʵѰϸ߶壬ϹսΨϸܽ룬ܹв߲࣡
ǿսһµʱ䣬һʱȹΪܷ̤ǿҲһԪĻԵɫ
ǣ
˺ȻӦ
ȥĳһˣ˵ɫȴǱޱȵ
ź콣һ򲻶ԸӦú츳¶ǺܿϹսԳ֣
콣ŵһţܿ콣ΪŸ߲㣬Ȼϣܹɳ
һȻ֪콣ŵ״ҲǶǷڵ׵ţŵĻͺľοϹսܹﵽʵ̫٣һжֻܿԼ̾һ
콣ŲûбϹս̫󣬺ܶౣıûʹãҲûá

ֵʱ䳬껵Ϣܿ콣ڴҪ֪ڵӣɲֻǽԪһ˶ѣвٵĵûܽԪЩӵ֪Ϣ󣬸𾪲ѡ
֮оȻţ
ʲôţǻȡˣ
вмߣĽߣҲмʳӣһ㣬Ψһȷȴǣ콣һ콣ĳˡ
פء
ƶȷСı껼ֵʱֺɫص
Ų𣬺ò׽콣Ų˽ŵףô콣ٴԲģ
޷ȷ뿪ʱ򣬳ȷϹҡҡͷֺɣȴû˿Լ֪ȫ˵˳
Ŷֺɫ΢䣬ü˵ӵ츳»֮ϣ
Ϲԣһ㶣ЩɻĿֺɣϾ˵뿪ʱûиܵԪҲ˵뿪֮ǰͲԪˣ
һҪĵطֺɿϹƣ˵ȴ΢΢̾һ
ϹΪŵһţ˵򣬿˵ǹУҲǶΡһλˣϹƵԸԵȱ㣬Դ
һǰڣֺҲϣϹܹ͸һεľĥһԼӣֻǵΪֹֺɻûпԼҪĽ
ʦ˵ͻȻϹƺ뵽ʲôǰһ
Ϊֺɫصĵ˵ͷ
Ҫ֪ԪʱֻϸصΪ뿪ʱҲϸأϹƱϸصΪϹأϸصΪ뿪ʱ򣬳뻹һϸصߣֵʱ䳬ԽϹϸصţ
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ǹŬԲԾʹ˰׷ѣ콣Żʵĵװɡֺһɱ
ǣʦ֪ôˡֺܵɵɱ⣬Ϲæ˵ͷ
ϧţΪβҹšֺ΢΢̾Ϣ
ΣϹԣЩ뵽ϾԼʦгһţܸ˲Ź֡

ݡݡ
СԺУһͬ磬Ӱķ裬ɲ֮䣬ǳСԺ֮С
ֵʵԽԽǿˣҵʵֻµסһаɡԶ⾪СԺеӰһɬ
ʱ뻹Ҫ棬Ӧ˽µֶΣڣȴǽԶԶ˦
Ƭ̺СԺеĳս˲Զ⾪𣬡֡
֣ʱˣҲȥɡ⾪𿪿ڵ
ͷǺ⾪һ뿪פء
ʱ˱һʯ֮£ʯ£Ѿǻ˲ٵߣЩ߻ǵռһطϥھޡǰʯ壬̧ͷȥֱƣһۿͷ
Ⲣô۵ʯ壬콣ڵĸ콣
˵콣棬Բ콣콣䣬콣ڸĻҵҲвٵĵڲ콣⣬һɳ죡
ÿһڵĵӣǰ콣⣬ܹһģȴָǧ꣬Ҳδһˣ콣̺Ľ⡣
⣡
ǰʯ壬΢΢̾Ϣǰ⣬Ȼ⵽Ƕôѣ
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⾪ɫ͵ĳ룬ҲǳĺһһĻѾɹѹء
ѵѾ˽⣿⾪Ժвð뷨һ̣ǿЦҡҡͷ
콣콣⣬Ǻεȵѣ콣ڵʷϣҲǷëǣǧ궼δܹһ츳˵ǷھŴʥضŲΣҲֻһѡ
ӰԺĽӰЩӰϵķ裬ջһ޴ĽӰ
ˡ
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ʱţһתۣ¹ȥ
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ЩȻܶʱһ˵ΪԺаȴǲС
ļ죬úפ֮䣬ڼص伮ϵںԼĽ

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⾪΢΢ͷҲǺͳһĴ㣬˵Ѿûǿ˼ǰѡߣ̨һսܹͶţҲʮֵڴ

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ǿսλսⳡԣҲֻǾǿѡ
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ǿսʮֵļ򵥣жߵĿֻҪŲʵҲ˿䡣
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Ϲս־ڱصãһâбŷ޾ս⣡


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Ӱڸ̨ϣΪ׵ǵƹԪĶϣԵˣڵĵȴǵһμ
ܿ죬˱Ӹ֪Ҳ콣ڵĳϣʵǴﵽǼأ콣Ϊǿߡ
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253 
չֳʵò˰ľ츳ʵ񣬳չֳʵȴѾǲϹơ
мʵ껿ȥĳ룬ɫȴû˿ľȡ
ʵ߱Ҳֵӡ
ʤ콣λĵӣѾͨһֱԣ˵һѦ꿴ΪǿϤ콣ȴ֪ĵƻûʹá
룬㡭ĳ룬ü
ǿսǰһҪʵϾ콣Ÿ̫ǳмУȻ𣬿϶ڵļʡ
ģֻзִ硣һƽ
ĳ룬ɲǽԪǰɱȣѪøӵõǿ󣬸˽ӣЩĵƣչ¶ʵԪ֮ǰʵˣ
ԣͷҲٶԣͳദһʱ䣬ͷ֣ڿϣǫҪԶԲǳһʱ֮ǿͷ֮
ıԣǫ㶼ΧȻʵϲǫԷĵΣȻвСĽﵽ˵κ۷Ρ
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⾪ڵڶֵıУͬܣֻѡսǿߣʵɹĻʮã
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257 ޴ڵΣ
ѹԲʮɣһ˵ǰٶȴޱȵĻϾ򣬲һ֮Ƕ֮϶ɣҪ˴˵ĺܵסз籩Ϯ
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΢΢ͷЩΣ򣬴δ̽϶вٵıбҲòС
ƬѾǰ̽ҪҵԵĿ΢΢ǰһϿȣֻҪϿȣǾĽϹսķΧǹսڣıҲࡣϹɫ
˻ǳ룬ͷҲһ𣬾ŴʥأÿʮͻǲӽҪ֪Щʥر󣬶лԪߣϹսΣգŴʥȴһֱôȻϹսвٵıܴûԪĶıȻŴʥأԲһֱ
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ܹɵܣһһ޴ϿȣǻԪΪڻԪǲٳԵ̫ŵĻԪߣ޷¡
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ڵһӣϿͬߣΪͳ൱ϸء
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Ϣһʱ䣬ٴ̣֮ǰľ飬ҲǱޱȵСģˣһ·֮ϣƵƵΣ
µĴͻȻݣǰͻȻɳߣͻȻһɿµĲϣҲ֪ʲôʱͻһƬ
˵Σ޴ڣޱȵСģȻˣ̶߸ʱ·̣˵Ѿˡһ˸ֱӱһ鲻֪γֵƬֱۻһ޴ѪӣˣҪϹÿ죬һֻ¶Էֱ۾ûˡ
ǵ̫ûȥϹսһҲΪΣյһ죬Ϊ֪ΣԺδôֻ֪ӦԡͣϢʱϹЦ˵
˻˲΢΢˵ͷ֪Σʲô֪ΣԺδȻ֪ηҲΪʲôʥأϹսΣռرȽٵԭΪ֪һΣʲôν̺ӦԣҲֻз籩ΣգŻӦ֮
·ҲˣϢʱٳץʱָˡû˵ģ֮ǰŵСӣ𾯽䡣Ϲ𿪿ڵ
Ϲսûаҹһ˵ս򣬸һֻɵĸоһ·߸ʱͣϢʱָԪϾ޴ڵΣգÿ˵ľ񶼽ţʱһ϶
𾯽һˣֱλĸм䣬ֹطΣգһ·Σգ˶Ϲս򣬲һ˿һ

ڴʱȺͻȻһʱ˶ǾĿ⿴Ǿķ
˼ҡҲСһʯͷǱ˿ŵɫһ죬Щε
ԭϢ׼ʱͻȻ΢΢һֻۣŵһƺɫļʯ飬Ǳʯ黮ơ
סǿʯͷĿϵĻƺɫʯ飬ͫײ΢΢һ
ƾʯ
ͺһ
Ȼ󣬵ڳΪȴһ
ƾʯԣһ㶣һãȻ֮ɫȻʶֿʯ
ƾʯƾʯѵǡһԵϹԼƺʲôطһ̣һâ
ʦܣϲƾʯƼƷĲϣο׬ˡϹЦ˵
Ʒ
˻˿ӣгĽͼʣĺôͲǵء


258 Ϲż
˸пѵʱһͻȻʼڽµĻɳзһĻҲѧ̷
Ȼܹҵһƾʯѱûеڶ飬Ҫ֪Ʒ쳣󣬾콣ڣҲֻߣӵУһˡһƾʯȻļƷʯҪõƷɾɶˡ
ô׵õŷһɳˣϹ𲻽һҡͷ
ϹսΧ֪̽˵ѹһգʣµıҲǼΪĺӣõһƾʯѾǴңҪҵڶ飬ǲܵ顣
ʵҲϹԤϵһ㣬ڻɳзãҲûҵڶƾʯҵƬⶫһ߶ԻеֵǶЩžӢԣǺôĶ

ʱܿȥϹ֮£ٴ̡
ļ֮У˶·Ȼ·Ҳ˲ٵΣգҲǸսϹսʱɱȣȻżҲˣûгشҲǲеˡ
аʱ䣬ǾִܵһżϹǿµһЩɱۼȻȥܴ꣬Щۼ򣬶ǶԣҲǲСջ񡣡ϹЦſڵ
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ĴأݵķΧԽԽԽԽ죬տʼգۼ䲻ʮɣڣȴ͵ӵ˽ɡ
죬죡
ݵķΧԽԽٶļǾ֮ɫ

һۿҪݴɣȻϱһɿֲϢٶҲ͵ؼӿ첻١
ȴۿҪɣֱȼԼԪ
Ҫ֪ڳߣ콣ڵţ򲻵ѣԲȼԪıֶΣݵĴأһЩҩʩչطֻٶȼԼԪ
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Ƿ֮һٶϼΪóҲ֮УǰģϹĶҪһЩ
ͷһֻѾʮɣʮУֻмѣĺ֪Ȼǿ󣬵ȴóٶȣҪܣֻٶȻҪһЩ
һУǷڼ䣬ѾӳɣǰĳˣѾ˻ζĴء
ಡಡ
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뿪ݵɳɣ˲ͣϢ֮ǰȻֻǶ̶̵ļʱ䣬˶ԣȴڼʱȫںʱܣһ⣬Ϳ䡣
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Ϲżǰż벻
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⴦żԭҲڵ£һɳ󣬲ų֣һΣߣֻ˻ΧһɡϹ̾
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ҽȥɣһЩۼϹǿɱ£ܶԴϹЦ˵ǳ˹ȥ


259 ڣ
ǻɳ͹ĻɳͬĻɳԸӵļʵϾĻɳΪȻ𣬵ȻϹսķ籩ЩֵĻɳö֮Ȼüʵ
Ȼ޴󣬵ȴһʮֲƵĸоҪһݣǾǷ档
ɣѾ̮Ĳ֣ռ˽룬ʣµĲҲЩ飬̮ĺۼϡܹ⹬һҵɱ
޴ʯ۶ϣֻʣһɶ໹¶棬⻬п֮ϣɢɳż磬һƻɫɳڿз衣
ǿʯж
ڴʱԶһߴ
˻̸˹ȥ֮ǰһõʯϣһЩͼЩͻȻǷ񣬻ޣȻмصޣǳ콣ںͻʼղصĵ伮֮УҲûǵļء
ЩʲôޣȻֻǵ̣ܹ⹬ǵӣʵ϶ΪԪ綼δ˵ʯϵĵ̣üͷ΢΢һ塣
ΪһԪƴɢޣ޿ʮֵϤȻʯϵ̵ޣȴһҲʶ˵ʶû
סǡ
ڴʱĿʯڵĽ֮һֻͨīɫĹԳȻԳӿЩģ뻹һϳǵ̵ĹԳħԱ
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üͷ΢壬ħԳǴħ֮壬ڵõѪҲԸı䣬ȴԿ϶ǵԳҲǰĵЩͬ
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ǱߵʯϣһЩսĺۼϹĿ⿴˲Զһ޴ʯ
ʯ֮ϣص·Щ·Ӧһ󷨣ʯϵ󷨣ȻѾûãȻԳ˵ʵܿʯ
ʯȻûг׵ƻʯ֮ϣϡԼצۣȻϹ֮սʱɱǿ¡
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ⲻǳƻġϹһ˿֮ɫˣ˵
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ڣ
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룬Ҫ𣿡ôʱ䣬ȴû˿ջϹɿԵĳ롣
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ڵˣڵˡֹ˰㣬һھͻȻһֻɫָױ˵档
ϧѾٵˣֻƬϹǰָף̾һһָƣȻһսУצǿߵָױýǿƻѾ޷ʹá
Դ˳ԤϣǿߵɱܺεȵĿֲرצֽսǿߣԷצķ޷ƿܻɱ
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ûˣ
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ô᣿ЩţԪ߾ȥǵʬҲ£Ȼûʬ壡


260 Ͽ
Ԫǿߣޱȵǿ󣬱ѾͬǵҲܱȥ
ǰĴ֮УָףĶ
צǿߣѾ䣬ȴûʬ£ֻһܣһâ
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ھһ󣬳ָףֻܷȥָף˵λצǿߣȷġ
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ǾִܵϿȡϹԶĻɳ
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ڴʱϿ֮ͻȻһХѾǶз籩ޱϤˣһʱ佫Լĵ֧
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ӹɲǣһҽдֻһӵ壬ֱըĲ
ԪţѹƸֻһۣǷ֣Ԫţз籩ĵֿҲǼΪޣз籩ȻֱӸԪ֮ǰλߣǱĲƬ˺ȥ
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˳һɫһ任Ƭ̺һЦ
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˴ͷԥһҲѡ˳ȻǺսһ·ΣգǵʵҪɲס
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ÿǰһЩǿµĻϢԽǿ󣬶ڵεѹҲǸǿսɱϵĳ˵顣

ԼĪǧɵʱһ߲ҽһμˣɿĳϿȥ
ϧһΪʵ̫սɱֵס޷ά֡ȥˣ밵ҡͷ
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һҽУֻһȫ߶ԪӶţɱɱɱ
սɱεĶɵεѹﵽһ̶ȣͻӰ쵽ߵĸֻ֪þͻȻļȻǱսɱӰֱʧȥǡ


261 һĲֵ
ÿˣڼѵĵֵɱõʴһɿԶЩߣϾɱӰǣ޷ֱѣһͿܱ
ļˣа̾ϢһԪתƷĳǼ˵ϣֱɳȥ
ֻܰǵ⣬ܷȥͿԼˡʧӰļˣתϿȥ
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ڵֵɱʴҲûϾɱʴԵߵ飬Ϊܹ𵽵÷С
֣㻹Ǿౣʵ·ӼѡϹ
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ԽϿȣɱʴǸʱʧߣҲԽԽ١ϹСӣܹĽֻʮ˶ѣϿȣǲͨǧɵķΧѡ
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СһЩǶӦǺϿУ޷ƹȥҪͨѶȲСõİ취ֱӴϹ
ǺϿȵ壬ϰɣǵʵҪԽȻ£Ͽ֮УǵʵѹƣҪֵ޿ײɱʴʵȫʢ֮ʱһ룬ҪԽɲס
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СĿǿǺϿмʲôȻһҸߴϰɵս
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Ҫֻ֪ҪʵǼܾ߱նе˻ԪȫնУսȴɳԽǼ߸·ٶȣһЩսԪǿߵٶȶԶԶȲϡ
ЩҪģսҪսսһԪһ߶ɼɷԪεĹԪһЩĳԣߵɱȽټЩŵսս֮ɱܹӵսʵ
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Ϲôһ˵Ҳ̷һУսڲϿڵȷЩͬ˵ΪѹƸûɱӰ죬˵ľȴƽ
ӦǵһսߣԲ٣ҲϣڧһƾԵĻԵϹ
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ۣ⶯󷨵Ȼͱݻ٣ȴǱеǿɫᾧ
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һۣϳǽᾧϾĲпܵļƷϾҲΪսΪʵĶ
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ʲôϹüͷһеĽᾧȴǴδȱļ֮УҲûἰ
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˻˲һֵԽƷҪ֪ڳˣӵмƷҲô˶ѣЩƷǸεĶѡ
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ĽǼʣ޲ѣôҵϾĲǡ
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𣿡һ㶣Ͼæ֣Ͼõ𣿡
Ͼ⻬ûκεƣôõġ
Ԫ̽һЩϾڲѾȫɷ۳ˡҡͷ
˻ƼæתԪֻ̽Ƭ̣ɫ͵һ䣬Щ԰
һĻﻹϾڲΣ˵ˣƾԲı顣
ɫ԰׵ƣ˲Щͬòıȴû뱦Ѿ𣬱һĲֵõҲǡ
룬ô֪ϾڲģһԵϹЩ
Ҫ֪֮ǰҲϾȴȫûϾڲֻϹ𣬾ƺߣҲһĿ˳롣


262 ֲʬ
Ͼ۸޷ڲΣҪ֪Ҳţû֣ǳ֮ͨԪϾڲ
ֻǿһۣܷϾ⣬Ǻε
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ڲû˿ֵҡҡͷ
˻һʧԭţˣҲӦֵһЩԪǣȴǲϾһĲֵ
ҪѰԪöƬҲֵԪƷϾҪ;ۣڲȫû˳䵱۵ĹܣȻһĲֵ
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󷨣мֵľϾϾûˣҲû˼µĴ㣬ֱ˲ڵһ
ЩݵĲ壬һһգͬըһ㣬͹Ȼսƻʱը嶼͹
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ԪߣյĴڣҪɱǣҪôǾǿʵҪôɱꡣ
Ȼ䣬ȴȥĻԪʬ֮ϣҲе֮ܲԲϸ߿ġ
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ҪõʬϵıҪԲϹЦ
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ϧҵĽֻǸոۣܹţķӦÿһԡʬаԵ
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ҵǿʦЩƷȫ޸ﵽαԪĲΡ밵Ը̾
ԼҲѰһαԪܣеαԪСϾЩԪϹ֮սأ꣬ûоԪ
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ֻĴսУ˭пԼĴУҲǻԵ֮£ЩûбƻҪʵ̫ˡ
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죬ǿֲɱ֮£һѪɫޱȲ԰
ãɱ⣬֮ǰҪŨӦλǿߵɱ⣬ҲҲǸеԺһ˿ʹУɫһ䡣


263 ս
֪Ǿħ֮Ѫ˫صĴԶѰϸǿ󣬿ɾˣǿֲɱǰоԼڵԪ궯ʶʹ
Сģɱ֮ǰǿ˽һǼֲס˻ս뿪Ϲɫ䣬ȵ
˻˵߲ҵһ̳սսڲɱⲢԣǹɻϢѹơһɱӰ죬ǺܿҪ֪ѾϿȵвһ񣬱ɡ
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ڴʱһжֻһѪɫޱȵĲ԰
ȻΪ˵ֵǿֲɱʴҲǸ˲СĴۡ
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ˣ߶ԲʲôС£Ҫܳʱָܻǿֲɱ֮£ֻǲˡ
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һ̣˶ֻ֪Ҫͳϧ²䣬ֻʱѣ


266 ֮
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ĳңǿҲΣһľǣѹƵģڣҹϸߣˣ͵ȫͬն
ȴõģǰڲ࣬Ѱ߲ǡ
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һ·ǰУ˲ϵĲ̽żҲһЩջƸߵȻڶ࣬ʵ˻ЩࡣΣˣȴӦԹ
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սôǲ⣬ɲǵǸոһƬһ֪Сӣʱ䣬ѾӴ˲ٵء
ǣΪӴأ֪һ磬֪ʲôԭ򣬶Ԫ缸ûмأԪĹ似ʹСο̫Ȼǿ󣬵Ҳֻͨ߶ԣԪ磬̫Ų֪ж٣ǵʵܽ쵽׽硣
Ȼڣ̫ŶеսȴͻȻϹս򣬳Ѫһϣܲľ
С룬û°ɣڴʱһԴ˳ϧ¹е
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̫Ϊ˵õ󽣵䣬׷ᣬȣƵֻѡͬھķʽûȥ˴ܾʹ˰ݡ
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ϧҲȻѾ¶ƸͻʼڵĹϵʱȻԹۡ
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Ƹ󣿡Ѫ̵Ϊɫ΢΢һ䣬ȵƸѣǺ⣬ѵҪǺ콣ڶԹ
ʱѪһʮˣƸʮˣһԷ֣Ǹ޷ֵס
ɴĹۣǿɲƸ󡣡Ϲһ
콣ڣͫһϳϹϵķΣ콣ɡ
ģ콣ʲôʱƸߵһ𣿡ɫޱȵѿֻƸ󣬻ܲ˫ɱ콣ڵĵһԣҪԹ۾̫ˡ

֪콣ںƸ˵Ķ֣ҲǲԥͺһһأҪ뿪
ߣ
ϹͺһһһĽ˲䱬գ֮䣬Ѿǰ

һдһһâӿȻɵסϹȫһ
ţһĻϹɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ֻһУ֪ǰ꣬ʵ֮£ѹ֮ǰؾȻ·硣
ƾ㣬Ҳҡ겻мһЦ㣬μˡ
أ
ڴʱһֻܵ¶Ȼ½ĵЩסڵԪȻЩٻļ
򡣡ɫ䣬ԴĵѹãԷֻǵȻ壬ɶԷĵܾȻ֮ϣں֮£ʵԱѹơ
ƣ
һڵԪĴ߶д󵶻Ӷһֲĵ𵴿ȴٶȲԶȥ
Ϲս򣬵ܱѹƣֻҪ뺮ʵɾ롣
ಡಡ
ٶȿ쵽˼£ֻǳ˳ϧµĺٶȲĳԶȥ
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Ȼˣ°ɡڴʱһͻأĶϴ


268 
һľϮѾǰ
ΪȻһ۱ǿ벻ϸصߣǰ͵ϮҲԲв

д͵ӿֲϮӭϮĽ⡣
䡫
ݺݵײһһ̣һ쵴һӰֱӱĵɳȥ
ô᣿һ㵣ѪӿһѪȴѹƲס˳
Ȼһɳȥ
⡭
һĻҲסȻ֮ǰϹԼϧµĽֺܶݣڳʵȻóʵѾǽӽϸأΪȻһϸصһлܣ
Ҿ֪СԲֻǱô򵥡һĻϧ²ûие̫飬Ϊһʼ;óʵ֮¡
ʵϹһ⡣
һ·֮ϣĳֺ٣ȴǼΪͻԼ²ʵ֮£ʱ֣֪ʵȷ֮¡
ɶôͻȻ˶ǿߡɫޱȵѿһ֮£Ȼˣֻ˶ѣӰжһ㣬Ҫٴߡ
ˡ
ڴʱһǿѹϮ
ɫһ䣬ҲвСӰ죬ʵѹƣٴαӰ죬óɱӲ
һסǵġŭһֱʩչѪطʵ˲ͻϸأѺѹƣһѪɫӰգ֮䣬ʧɳ֮С
ˡ
ߵ꣬ЩʧһʩչطϸߣҪסԷɲףοԷһߣҪ͸ˡ
ǿûǰˣ
Ŀ⿴һɱѪߵսԭѪһĸս󣬲곷˵֮սѾͻΧȥӦ콣ھסʣµս
ʱս󣬱ʮΧסûͻΧĿܡ
أû°ɣϹԣʵ
û£ֻһЩƤ˶ѡҡҡͷʵ֮ǰ൱콣һ·磬ңŻᱻԷѹơ
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ģһҪϹһɱ
콣ںʱԹôĿѪ͵ϮϹһȣ˿ҲǶɱ
֣ΣŻѪڵ
޷ֻЩѣҪһ㣬¡Цҡҡͷ
ʵս󣬵ǼѾൽ˼ޣǳ˼ʱǿºܿͻܱɱؿ¶ѣ
ѦأĿɨµļˣȴûмѦӰӡ
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΢΢ͷѦûнսҲԤ֮УϾѦζûգܹ̤ǿѾǽңҪսʮѡ
һ̣ĿǿѪ̵ߣʱѪ̰ߣάս˽š
С룬ǽˡϧ¼ĳ룬ڵ
콣ôĵӣ϶ԱҲƸֻΧǣûֱӶնɱǵԵʡ
Ϲһۣ΢΢ͷһΣ˲ɱս
ս߶ϸصΪսܹϸصʵսһϸߣ޷ֵսܡ
ս
Ѫ˴һȫ߶սӭ˳Ϲˡ
ս󣬺þûֹս̫ŵļ洫뿴ǰսѾ⡣
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Ҫ󣬶Գԣ£ڸȷǰս󣬵̫ŵļ־衣
ݡ
һһĽâϳսȥ
ųĹɫҲǱ֮ǰĽ֣Ҳ֪ǰĳ룬Ϊжϡ
顫顫
˴߶սһӿӭϳĹűһͳ촫
þս󣬾ȻԽС빥Ĵ󲿷жȥսתмϹսӰӡϧɱеĳսɫҲ΢΢һ䣬Ѫ̵ս쳣ԽƸĶս
ֻǳϧ£ߣҲͬǷһ㣬һɫޱȵȻϹ˿̴Ϸ磬Ҫ֪Ϲͳ룬ɶϸصսȻˣʱڣҲսû취
ʩչսߵΪﵽϸأϸأ¾ǳϹӦҲЩ
룬СģսЩ졣һ֣ϹɫҲǱޱȵսܣԤϣѵ
ѹ֮ǰʼڵĵȫûҲЩ˴Ѫʲôʱ˾ս󣿡Ϲа
Ҫ֪ѪҲʮʥأһĴսѪʲôսӿˡѪһط콣ڶصļأǰսȴǵһμ
սȷоâһͬһ޴ȱݣǾսȻǿ󣬵ս߶ɲǣսĻһգǾս
Ȼ֪սҪƵսȴҲףʵԽǿһգڵʱ䣬ΧҲԽԽС
ս̫ŵս߸һģһһѾȷǰս󣬾̫ŵս
ȻˣҲýˣ
ɱӿһ̣һгһһĽ
Ѫ˴߶սʱ͵һ䣬һ̣Ľâսġ
á
ܵϮĽâսڵɫʱ䣬ܹʩչսǶսȻҲǼΪ

ԳԤıĹǷ֣ҲѾܣǽâ˲䶴սһ̣սΪģһɿֲ
ۡۡ
սƣֲķϮ˿һѪɫޱȵĲ԰
㡭ô֪һų룬һŵĿڵ
ε֪㲻Ҫֻ֪Ҫңѧս󡣡Ŀ˵ˣսܷɣѾˡ
ǿе֪ܣ롭Ѫ̵ĵӴЦ
𣿡
Цһ̣гһĵĽ˲ˡ
ۡۡۡ
ѪɽԭѾ۵˿ȴǵɴ˫ۡ
㡭㡭ǵϸңһš
ֻѪˣƸˣҲüȻɱٵϸȴǼΪټ
ڿԸң˭ս˰ɣһƽ
룡ϸ٣Ѿû˿Ĵ㣬ôܴӮҪ
ǲ˵Ҳ⽫ǶӦ֪з籩²µʱΣһЦ
㡭
˻˵ɫʱ䣬û˿Ϊ޷ãεֵסз籩Ϯ


269 
ϸϣû˿ΣصĹսȥֻǲ£з籩ʲôɵķ籩û˿ΪУǾǧУѪ飬뵽ǧеʹ࣬Ҳɫ԰ס
ڿԸң˭ս˰ɣ俴ǰˣһƽ˵ƺ֮ǰҪӵз籩Ĳһ㡣
ҿԸ㣬Ӧһʹ졣Դӿڵ
ʦ֣
˻ɫһ䣬Ȼû뵽ӾȻӦҪ
ǲ˵Ҳ֪̾һ
һѪǰĵӲ٣˫ɱѪûȥ͵Ϯһʼã˺棬ʼһ׼Ҫ͵ϮˡʱȫԴѪ̵ӿе֪սϾͻȻðһսܲעһ㡣
ҿԴӦǡͷ֪ǣսѪ̵ε֪ġ
̸ڵս󡣡ûԥֱ˵˳

˻벻һֻߣ˻Ҳ㶡
֪ϣǳְλǸŲûһǸݻȨҲͳϵȨͻϾ˭Ը
ΪΣҶŰΣʲôλáѪҲͬûиλãȴͻȻһ
ˣңѪʲôʱһɫһɱ
ûƭ㣬̵ȷһʮֵأ˭Ҳûмֻ֪סӿЦ
Ӳѣ벻üѪĶһλף
ȵȣ
ף
ͻȻһâ
ߣѵǡ
ǵĸ֮ǰͻȻģ뼱æ׷ʵ
˻ӲһҡͷҲ̫ڰ֮ǰԴսǰȷδ˵
ӵĻû̫ɣ͸ԷĻȻʮֿ϶ѾһЩ²⡣
ߣѵ棿ԺУһӰ
׷ɱλԪУʵǿƿ֮һޱȵĿ£ѵԷһ޴ıը֮л
ԪǿߣԼıƣҲδܣֻû뵽ǣȻҲһƬ׽硣
棬ǿɾ鷳ˡɫޱȵ
ʵǻԪ۷壬֮һʵȻԪصߣǿվѪһԻʼһԣԲʲô¡
Ȼˣ·ɡгһĵ˵ࡣ
Ѫ̵ӣһ˿΢ЦڵϣȥϸϵǶԣɱԶڹսӦΣĸá
ߵսѾǱߵϹڶһЩֶ֮ҲǿƵս󣬻ɱѪ̵ˡ
Ѫ̾ȻһҴڳսֻ´˲򵥰Ϲɫޱȵ
֪콣ڣǺͻʼվһģѪ̵ʵԽǿ󣬶ǶԣвҲԽ󡣶ҶԷͻȻһ˶û뵽ġ
ʮֵأʲôࡣ΢΢ͷ
ѪͻȻһȺܿͻᴫʱȻӦǸΣܹȥġҡͷЦ
ܹΪѪ̵ĸҲǼ۷ΪˣЩϸܹԸ
ˣ룬ôôƵս󣿡ϹͻȻЩ
ֻһԵĳϧµˣҲޱȵĺ棬˶ܿǸսʮֵľȴں̵ܶʱƵս󣬶Ϲǰǿ󣬳Ըӵɡ
սȻҲһ߶ĻһգǾڡһƽ
գ
˻˶ʱɵˣȻֻһν֣ҵսڣ
֪սһҪƵս󣬿ɲôףϾսѰ󷨻ŲСһЩʹõսҪƵҲôס
Ȼһۿսؾ
Ҫ˵˭սӴʱأɾҲûսֻڽһ֮󣬾ֱҵ󷨵ֱƵ󷨡
Ƶս֪һЩ֮ǰҲһȷŸҳ󡣡ҡͷ
ˣҪǻң¸޷󡣡ϧ¿Ц˵
ֻǳϧ£ϹˣֻʻǣҲô̵ʱ֮Уҵ󷨵
˵սѾ֪ҪȴҲףʱʵȱһɡϹ̾һ
ս߶֮УɲܹͨƵģһʧ󣬱Ȼս󹥻Ϲ֪սҲ˵һܹƵս󡣿ɲ˵֪󷨵һܹ
٣ڳ˲ΪԼڵһս󣬻ȳĸá

ɳ֮УһӰٵǳڴˣȻܹϳ֮ǰͳ뽻ֹλѪ̵ߡ
ɶ콣ʲôʱðôһǿӵɫޱȵѿ
ͳ뽻֣˲ȫΪʵԵʣΪҪһԭС˳룬Żᱻˡ
콣ڡѵǳ룿૵
Ϲս֮ǰѪѾԸŵ˲ٵռһ
Ϊ콣ŵţ벻ֹһαᵽ콣ŵţȴû̫ӣϾһڵţ֮Уֻһѡ
Լ֮ǰҲû룬֮ǰĽ֣ķںϵ򣬲ôһ
ǳ룬ǴӳɳҲδ̫ˡɫ΢䡣
֪Ѫ̵֪ϢڣŰʱ䣬ĳ룬ǱѪƵЩţڣڳ˳˰
ƸԭƸ󣬵ʰ˻ʼ֮ڶԸƸû뵽ǾȻߵһϢ뾡֪ʦֲС뵽ٶҲǼӿ˲١
뵽ʦ֣ϣʱһš
ʦ֣ǽ״ӣȻʮ꣬Ѿϸ۷Ϊյ۳˵ӣȫ֮£ǼһصߣҲһս
ʦ֣һϹսһҲܡϾţηٵڻɳдС
ʵһ˸·Զͬ߸·죬ϾҪշˣƾܵѹһΣգӵĵز
ʱĸ·һսѪϹսĴӪսǰѪ̵ĵӣѲߡ
ʦ֡˼꣬ʱڵ
ţѪ̣ҲһţɲѰ߿ɱȡ
΢΢ͷֱ߽ս֮С


270 ϵ
սһӵĻ㱨ɫû˿ı仯·һУ޹һ㡣
˵ǳ룿һƽ
ӦǵϢ֮УֻгšһЦ
һСӴˣҲÿΪҪǣһжʧܣûɱأǱߵǿǿʵߣ֮࣬Ҫٴγ֣ɾͲôˡ֪һѪȻ٣ʼһߣвСĲ࣬ǵĿҪܹսǿߣѪ̵֣Ĵ͵Ϯ
û뵽˳ɳ֮죬ҶʦܣƺҲСһâ
ҶϲѪΪҶһĹ鸽Ϊӣʵ츳ļӣ״ӣŲСĲࡣô˵ҶҲѪ̽ĵӣʦܣýӣһ۵СУûҲͰˣȻжԳҲɱ⡣
ʦ֣Ƹ콣һҪ͵Ϯǣ¾ˡӵ
ƸվڻʼһģΪ̲֪ǰʼһҲԤ֮У͵ϮСѣҲǡһЦ
͵ϮԸһ߻ãЩյţҪߣƾɳĶ飬Ҫʤ׵¡սȻɱϾֻս󣬲ʵ㣬ȫǿ
ȥˣһս㡣꿴һӣ˵
ǡҲʣ뿪˴ա
Ѫ̳ﻮô꣬һδٽϹսֻΪ͵ϮʼһҲδ̫ûʮʥصͷһΣΪ˽ʼһţȫϹս

սڣغһˣݵϢϵѾָ
֧飬ֻʣ²ʮˣҪ֪Ϲսʱ֧ʮˣһ·˽֮ȥߣ֮һҪ֪µʱ䣬Źȥһ¶ѡ
û뵽һǵʧ˴󡣡Ϲ֪ΣɫҲǱޱȵ
̶һ¾֮һߣǱߵ֧û͵Ϯã͵ϮʧҪж֮һ뿪Ϲս򣬿¶ǽҡ
֮һ
콣ڽϹսεļУҲʧȽϴˡ
ȻѪзԷսʵڹ죬ǳ˲СĿ˵ز˳룬Цŵ˳֮ٴսҲûˡ
صΪͲΪˣʵҪߣûлᡣ֮޷ǰһ󣬶ೢԼΣƽ⡣սǵвȻ
ΣǱ뾡ҵǡϹɫ
΢΢ͷĿ⿴˳룬Ͼ˶֪Щ϶ҺͼŵϹЩԹ
ȻϲǣǷֵء뵭
ʱǵĵ˿ûѪ̣Ǵʱڧ³ʵϸصߣҲûʮİܹ뿪Ϲս
һ֮˱ٴ̣֮ǰȣһλصĶ飬Ҳǿʼɳ˵Сӣ̽·
һǷֹѪ͵ϮҲΪѰߡ
ϹսޱȵĹȻʱϹսĶ鶼ڹսΧҪһ飬ҲôףӰû
Ѫ̷·˼һû˿ټϹһε
սķΧ̫ˣѰһ֮أҪʮ˵Ķ飬ͬеһˮҪҵ̫ˡ
Ҳû취Ϊ˽ΣգӶǷɢжһЦ
ϹսΣգһʲô޴Σգȫûǳе飬һӣ۲СϹսֻΪʧ̫͵òʧˡ
ҲصģŶԼļϵص㣬ΨһľǸϵ㡣ɫƽ
Ϲص˵ͷµҲֻһ취С
ţΪӦһЩϹս趨һϵ㣬һȫǰϵȴϵ㣬ʮֵΣԶԣҲȽϰȫ
һ·ǳǼϵȥ
ˣ
ڴʱ̽߷һ˵ӷٵĸ
ǡʦܣÿ˵ӣصɫʱһ䣬ﾪ
һԵϹͬϳ˵ӣڵһӣڵĶ飬λյߴĶ顣ҲĸСһСӡ
Ʋᣬ¶ʱ޷ָԪҲȼ˲١̽һ˵ӣ̾һ
Ҫ֪ϹսߣٶһЩƣһ֮£޷ΣգȼԪǰӲȼԪ˻ԣԵƣȻ֮ǰһҵɱ
Ⱦ˵Ϲӻͳһöҩι˵߷¡
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һ·ǰУвΣϾҽƬռߣҲϸصΪյΣֻ磬޷Σա
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սڴĲҽУԭЩԾԾԵߣͣǿɲΪǼȥֻô򵥡

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281 ȫͨ
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ҲرΣհһС
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ûܳളſʮֵɣǱˣ֮ܳǿģһʵǼߣ֪ϸǼһʵı仯ԶѰԽ׶սҪڳͨߣԽ׶սܹϸΪսʤǼģҲֻܳѪ̵ѡ
һ£ܳ඼Դȥڳ˭ϣ
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Լһͬͨţǰͬû˿ΣգĴʱ˶֪ͨŵΣԺΡ
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ŵԲܳˣ˿ѾǼޡ
ͨŵĿȲʮɣѾܿˣһֻҲɴСֻ޼ռ棬ֻѾܹռݴ棬˻ķΧһ࣬վܵס·ֻӲ
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пղԥһ㣬һܣܿǳɱޣɿĳͨŵľͷȥ
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һĻʼһʱһ󾪺

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пյķȻûܳǰ£ɺôҲϸصߣȫԲȻˣ޵ĹԴﵽϸ۷Ρϧ³
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һϸߺϸһͬţ᲻ϸصޣһߵ
ȰòҪнҵ뷨ϹǿµĿ飬Բ©ʱԵĲϸصޣϸصޡ
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֪ͨſΣգʵϣҪģֻҪͨͨżɣ޵ʵǹ̶ڶӦΪε۷壬ʵģֻҪƴطܹûʲôΣա
ֻͨǶǱļ򵥲ԣͨŶ޷ͨܿ顣ɫƽ


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Ӳû˿ɫޱѿĳˣǰһƽĵǽҪܵĿ顣
ӵĻδ䣬ǰľ޴յأȻһһӰϵʵһۿȥɵĿյأȻһٵӰ
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ǰϰٵӰκ˶ǸϵͷƤ飬ϰٸϸ۷ߣǱΧܳҲֻޡ
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ЩӰÿһʵǵӵܳǰµķֶΣ߿µٶȣлᣬһӰ׷ϣɡ
˵ЩӰɢڿյأɵľ룬ϸص߶ԣҲһʱ䣬֮ǰյأڳûܿס
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ܳĻȺмһ˿ԥ֮ɫܿٴαüᶨΪѾ˲СĴۣǾʹ˷ʵڲġ
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˻ϸص߻һ𣬽ʮˣﵽϸصߣʮ֮࣬ǻʼڣﵽϸյ߱ˣҲֱһˣƸˡ
壡
˲䣬ܳΪ׵Ļʼ˺ͳϧµ˳һ׶Σ˲˳ȥǳɲǣҲ˲ȥ˶ףֻһΣԲ̫ܺܳľ룬ЩסǸûлȥ
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յϣһֲɢǿֲ𵴣ЩϮٶٴν͡

ڴʱȺһҽдֻһ߱Ϯٶȴ˲Ⱥֻɲ֮䣬㱻ɢĳˣһֱ̣ӱĹɣʬ޴档
ȥӣȻͬ飬˭Ҳͣ˿֣һһ˵Լ
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ܳǿǰ濪·ʣµֻҪЩΧΧɱϮֲӼɡܼ򵥣ȴޱȵѣϾںߣʵͲǿһϮãϮڱٶȡ
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Сӣ㡭˳һۣ΢΢һôҲû뵽ͻȻǰ߾ȻֻϸصΪ˵ڳ룬Щӡ󣬵ļУʵҲϸصӣֵܵסĹ
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֮ǰʮ֮УΪɵľϧºܳˣܳȻ˵ֲķֻϸ۷Ҳ˵οֻǼϸ۷ĹϧȴǿźѹƣѹȴǿǿһķӲǴ˿̵ĳȻӦЩĹҪɣ˵Ҫǿ
סܳһ˿֮ɫڳܹҲΪԾ֮ǰ֣û뵽ܼ飬һϸߵܳȻ⣬ѣҲŹȥȥ߻࣡
ǿû뵽콣ھȻšֻܳ˶ǲԼͬĿ۳ķ
ֻƾֵܹסĹԷѾӵСӵһݶӵս
˲䣬бǼ˳ˡһγϹս򣬵һȫ֣ϸսչ¶ţ


283 ڶ
гһǿԮ룬һݶȶʵһвǻڵʯ֮䣬ˣʱУѾλȥ
ȻɳزһߵֵĹһ߿۳ķɫΪѿȻ֮ǰһ·ϵ֪ʵȴδȻѾ˲ʵ
ʮϸսţọ̈̄ȻֵҲ޷ֵסǰĲϾɱķΧô󣬾һһ֣Ҳֻмʮֱ˶ѡ
ĸĸʱ䣬ֱӳ˹㳡

˶ǴڵĴȻֻĸʱ䣬˶ȴޱȵǳɱǰܳˣǽߣÿһľ޴߶طܴ
ɾˣĸʱ䣬ȥҲʮˣʮˣڹ㳡޴档
һʱ䣬࣬ϾڳǰܳѾ㳡ѹЩṥ㳡ߣ΢ȻǳĶ
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ܳɫЩѿʮߣʼռҪҲΪʼڻռԭ򣬵ʧߣҲܣϾЩǾʦֵܣʱȴѾ޴档
콣ʧһˣĵһ콣µʵףĵǿ󣬱߸ܹܿҲ֮С
ʮ˵Ķ˲ʮˣлмˣƸλϸصҲ˲ᡣ
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ǰʮɣռٴδһϤĲÿ֪ʯ󷨹ɵٴγ֡
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֮Ԫ磬ʶԶѰ߿ɱȣȻЩԪǿѡǺεȵĿ̡
ΣѾ˵һ顣Ӽǵڶ飬Ȼѡлߵأ̤ʯȵߣһͬ۷ĸͬ׵ĵˣʯȣɹ
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Ĺһϸ۷壬ҪԵľϸ۷ĵˣϸسڣǾһϸ۷壬ĸϸسڣ
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ܳӰ֮ʱĵӰѾɱĵֲĹ˲䳯ܳϮȥ

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һըĵµĹǾϣȴ޷ƿܳķ
֪ܳ౾óֶλڹֶ֮ϣȫѰǼһ߶޷ƿֻܲϵƴġ
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Ȼܳള˹ȥȴû˿иΪǺܳĿ£һ˿µߣ޷ȥ˸Ӳˡ

ͻȻһӰ͵Ĵܳ˲ӳʮɣȴǻʼλϸУóٶȵ־ܡ
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־ܵͺһܺϸڵԪ˲߶˼£һֲĽ˲䳯ϸ۷ֶȥ

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Ƿӳ־ܣ˶׹־ǴٶֱӴȥ


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־ܵٶȶȻ쵽˼£ǳ˵ʵҲֻǿѣɼٶ֮죬ƾٶȣ¾ûĶ֡
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˵ĵÿһĵӶҪֻлĵӣΪŵӡף׻
ĵѡεӺãѡεӣһͨˣֱѡĵ㲻ͬǵĵӷΪźţŵҪ˲ܳΪŵӣʵͬҲͬһһģǾǱȥ
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һըĹͷÿһоȻǡôĵֵסϸ۷Ĺ
ʵĸʱ䣬Ѿʯȡ
ĵ˹Ȼʹһ㣬𱬡пһЦ
˵Ϊ࣬ҪӲȥԲɡ˫ԪΪ͵Ȼû̫Ĳ࣬ĥ³սʶԲпտɱȡ
Ӳ壬ĿɲС
ȻʯȣӣԱ֮ǰܳҪǱһЩɫЩ԰ףȻֻǼսȴǾ޴ģϾһס鷳
Ȼˣԣаյķɫƽ˵
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һ̤ʯȣףӿһƬɵĻ𺣡
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ƾʵף׵ķֶΣҲֻܹܳѹ
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ƾʵʵףֱӲϸ۷ѹͬʱͨʯȡ
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286 
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֮ǰʯȵߣȥǰǺף׿һԵȴҲ֪Ȼݺ룬;ԲȥʯȰ롣
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287 ̨ս
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޷ֻһЩƤ˰ˡҡҡͷ
˻˲עϵȻѪȴû˵ļϵƣһЩƤˣѹûӰ쵽ʵ

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鷳һ㶣ЩɻĿų롣
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ѪһҲ˻ʼڲϿЩ̾һսСĿ߽ܳˡ
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˲䣬ͷͷ飬Ȼ̨ս


288 ʶ
飬ֻ̨
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֮ǰĿ飬˵жִǿԵģǰ̨ȻֻеˣܴѪ̲ô˱
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˻һԵ˶΢΢˵ͷǰƾ߳Ľϲ壬ʵԶѰϸ۷֮ϡ
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̶̼ʱ䣬ܳǴ˵һ̨Ⲣûг˵ԤϣϾܳʵǿѪ̵죬Էܴ飬ܳԣȻҲ̫ѡ
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ϹΪѾϸ۷壬ϸصУҲΪһΣ֮һ̤ϸأϸص˭ϣ̨Ϲ֮һ


291 
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ʵϹʦڲ֮䣬Էʵ㶨Ҫʤȴסɫص
غϹ𣬵Ǻ껲콣ܣֻԪ֮У̤ϸأŽ˴˵ľ
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̨ս˵ÿһ߶Сȴ룬ֻϸ۷Ϊ̨ҪԵҲֻϸ۷սȴǿϸصߣ붼оΣգڳ֮Уܳ¶ƴС
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˿飬ΪԽԽãϸһżпջ
˻˲ɵ˵ͷϸԵٶǰ벽Ǽ֮ǰϹȻΪ͵֮ϣͣҲǽӽϸ۷Ρ
ʱ룬Եϸ۷ֻΪͣʵѾӽϸغڡ
֮ǰ˵Ĳ²⣬ԵΪ͵֮򶼻ͣҲǽӽϸڣԳΪɾͨǴ˿ֻΪ֮ͣȴû˿ѹȻ
С룬һԵģϧ̨ɫޱȵļᶨ


292 ϸ
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֪ߵϸصֻгһˣϸصͬ࣬ȫǰϣš
û뵽ԾȻġԺл𵱳ԪŹһԡ
˵һЩǿߵµĴУʵŲСҪʵ㣬˵ѶȱȻӴ֪һЩ似Ҫ⾳С
ϸصߣܹһ֮٣ʵͨпΣЩиòˣ
ԣҲֻ˵ûʱϸ۷ȴ֪սµĴȻʵҪ
ϸغڣ
ɫأεʵѾԶв
ս
һ㣬磬𵴣ȫ߶ҲҺóյںϵѰεֵס֮ǵѹƣʵͻᱻѹɣ
һͬףÿһⶼ൱ϸߵȫһ
ǰɫӿǵصϮԶ
ݡ
һһµĽէ֣ÿһ֮ж̺żΪµĲ
һ֮򣡡
ֻǶݵĽ֣Ѿֶ֪ΣǸһǷ֮򣬶ǱȽϳֶΡϸصΪһ;ѾԽ˽һԲдΣܹһеϸ߿νǷëǡ
䡫䡫
̨ϣһⲻϵĺɱһ𣬿µը첻𵴣һɢ
־̨ɫһ˿֮ɫ
ȷȻԺɱһԵףҲһп
ɱһҲֻˣܳף׶ǿſµķܹĹϧº߶ʵѹƣһսߣĹǱܿѰһܶԷ
ʱ̨ϵĳ룬ȴȫӲĹͺƾеĶɱһ㣡
һͻϸأֻʵ֮£ҡܳһâ
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ôһʼߵģ򡭡ܳһ˿ңһţһɳǼΪֲġ
Ҫ֪ʼںѪɱɲֻǻԪεս˵Ԫ˫ĵƣϸ͵սôǼǾʤĹؼ
Ҳ˵̨£룬̨ϣɱѾ˰ȻĽ׶Σ˫ϵĹɱһҲ𺳲ѡ
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ֲûʲôĵưɣЩȷѾǳǿʵǳȼԪҲȷûлʤĿܡ
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С룬㵽ҪʲôǶԳʮ˽ĳϧ£˿ҲЩ͸뷨
Բֳǿˣκ飬ԼĴ㣬һΣ͸ˣ
һ㣬һ㣬ɱƾУվоͷȴʱ̱۷塣
ȫɱһʱ䣬ԳԣϸڵԪֻʣ²ɡ

йͣȴ϶Լ˵š
ʵǶý⣬ɾʤǰȴô籩¶Լĵơ
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츳ԽԶˣһɳȻΪһܳʵǼߣ˿Ҳһп
ǻλҲ޷㣬ţֻҪڳй̲䣬עܹΪǿߣ
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ĵߣɱ˵ΣгɳܹĵһܳҲ
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̨ϣϢܿͻϸأΪҲ̤ϸء
̨ӣҲǸпѣҪ֪Ͱѳ뵱ϸصսֱ˿̣ͻƣǻֻһϸ۷ߣ
ϸ۷Ѿӵпϸغڵս̤ϸصĳ룬ʵֻεȵĿ£һʱ䣬вЩڴ


293 ȫ
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΢΢˫ۣһâ
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̨ͻƣܲûж֣ŲԶĳ룬˵
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ʵѾõܳͬڵĳ룬ʵݶԿŽǰ


294 
չֳʵ콣ڵһڵӶʮֵļʵԽǿԽǰȫ֪ϹսԵĿɲֻսЩΣգҪѪ̵в
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һᣬܿ͵ⲻˡЦ
봳̨ѣȴҲǳ룬κһߣܳʵҲδرȳĸá
һ߽ʼԣϸصߣһʧܣܹܳǰɵȴûУϸصߣء
ʱе߶һ飬Ȼϸصߣɹֻˣ
콣ڵϸسɹȫʧڵ̨ǲˣֻһ˳ɹʧڵڶ̨ߡ
ǵʵҪ̨ѶȲС˵ڶ̨ƣӡǾǰĵ顣ܳ࿴Щųܴ̂ߣ˵
Ϊ˵죬Ȼϣ̨ԽԽãҲףЩ߶طȼԪ޷֮£ʵųܴ̂
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ûƵĴֻͣԭ·أҪԵһ͵ڶΣգֵܵģȥȻ
زһжֻܿԼ
һʮˣֱ˵ĵ飬ܿʧ˺ڰС
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ˡ
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ͻȻһĲһֻ̣ΧĿռһŤһɿµĲܾ˲任
󷨣
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鷳ˣɫȻ˽⣬֪ȴʮޡ
󷨴ʦʦҩʦҪԴ˵ҩԴҪҪһЩҲǳһɢ޿оġ󷨣ҲֻͣһΪǳĲΣһ󷨻Ӧ󷨣ҲֻץϹ
ϣ̫ɡЦһСĲ̽


295 
ȻûʲôɱȴУĻУԾΪʵ
ȻԵĻԶԶûдﵽǸΣˣ󣬶һϸ߶ԣҲʮֵѡ
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֮У󣬻󣬶̫߱ɱΪɱͬɱǾ߱ɱ֮һɱֻܱʵǿߣҲᱻ
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301 ͻ
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ͷһɣֱӰڵϣϵϢҲ˼㣬ԽΪ󽣵ںϵĽԽ࣬ԽǿһʩչҪǿԪ;֧ţܹ˲䱬ƽʱǿʵ
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бϵĶһЩҩ似ֵϣȴ١֮⣬ȻһЩǿɱľֻЩڳĿǰû̫İ
˼ãĿһ϶ϡ
ǰ϶򵤵ĹЧһСΪ뿪ڵ
Ҫ֪ΪԽǿͻҲԽ࣬ԵϸΣֱܹһĵҩ٣УҲǼΪ󣬷򵱳콣ڵĵҲؽԪֱӷõҩ򵥡ǼһСΪĵҩԪ磬ҲǼֵǣѰĻԪ᲻ù
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ѡ϶򵤣뿪ڵ
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ΪҸаջܰ˾ֻҪɹȫԼ϶ʮ죬ʱȫԵõõĻԵɫޱȼᶨ϶ֱӷȥ
ҩڣҩ˲ӿ뵽ڡ
ǿҩ
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ϸڵԪϵܿǴﵽϸ۷塣
Ԫתѹϸܶʼ
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һϸ΢ϸһ̣ϸصƿֱӳƣԪ˲ϸڡ
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ˡ
ԳΪģһɿµľ𵴣һɫѪڳת
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һУͻеĳȫûвֻһ£Ǿҩҩ
϶ǰҩóֱͻϸأΪֱϸڡ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãϥڵصĳ΢΢˫ۣʱһϢһ̣·ʲôûзһ㡣
ϸأ
ܵϸǰԪжʱһ˿ڵڽΪϵĲͬˡ
ǰڵʵмɰջܰ˾벻ɿڵ
˳ɡ

˳ɣѾܸˡȻûʮɰգ˳ɶԳԣҲǹˣҪ֪Ҳֻϣѡ
ڴʱһ첨һ̣һʵֻգ֮䣬˾Ѿ
ˣǰ˾϶ʱӿһɿµս⣬ʱ䣬ʵѾǰ֮ǰɱȡ
ĵ飬ˣ


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ǳռ䣬޴󹬵
һҰĻȣһֳֳǹһԵǽϡ
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޾ǿյһǳռ䣬һѪɫصĿǰİ˾
죬һܼȥ
죬˾һʱ䣬ܷɹڵĵһ£øԵĻᡣ
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˿µٶȣѾӽ־ܣǳʱʵ٣¶ԷƾŹٶȣ
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ǰ˸ܵӡ
Ժһͷɵһ˸ܿԵӣһֹڵҲ޷ֵ

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ݡ
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ܵӣֶҲԱ˴˷ֵ
ɫһ쳣
֮ǰ컹ǰ飬ʵѶȶ߲ͨڳ԰˾û̫⣬¾ѣ⼸ʵҲãǼһص߶նɱοǰ˾
ɽֻǽƬ̣֪̫С˰˾°˾κһ¶ᱻ׻ܣɰ˾֣ѾӵмΪµʵȫв
ݡݡ
ĵɱ
ˣ
ɫأСʧȥ֣ѾӦҪǸѡ

ĵӿɲ֮Ѿ˳롣
ѾгԹĳ룬ôϵ㣬ܣһµĽӿľĹУɱԲӲϡ
벻Ӳÿһ׷ɱˣȻ˴ܿԵӣҲɵӣƣɱûеô
˾ǶԸ벽ǼҪ֣ϾΧͬѹ֮ЧֻЧԳʵѾûãɱ˾ºܿͻᱻƣ˾֣Ҳǿһ֡
ҲԳսǼߣ˾ԵòʵȰ벽ǼǶҪ١
˫ɱȻƷ񣬿ʵȴѰһᡣ
һδν֣ʵø磬ܾȻļҲ֣ոͻϸؾͱȺͰ˾֡һ߿ڸս־ͱˣɳսͲѾԿ˾˴˽֣Ǽʵá
ɱһ㡣
Ҳһ֮У׵Ľյõʵڻͨ
ಡಡಡ
ͻȻ˾˿˾ܽϣһ˿ʵʵ𵴿
ţܵǿµĵܣͫһ˶Ǳ쳣С
֪ͨĵĻֻа˳ɣܸˣʵϣ֮ǰֵģ˾޷вҪ֪ɻһбĵûжãһеƣ֪ģ
˾ģһɿµĲһ̣һ޴ĽӰƾճֲ֣𵴡
ÿµĹֻһۣоԼ·Ҫ̴һ۵ĿһӵѪҲ˵ֵܹס
Ҿ֪ĵ鲻ֻ㡣пЦһֱ̣ڵĽ⡣
ǿµĽӰڵʵӲΨһİ취Ƕ
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ɼӰ콣⣬˲䱬
ˡ
һ죬εɢֻನǼһȫһǰ£ǵЩನӴȴͬʯ󺣣ʧӰ١
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ѵ
ǣӰûվ˱һģֱˤڵأֻѪĳ֧塣
ۡ
һѪɫޱȵĲ԰ǿµĽӰ̺ĿֲܣֱˣѪǿ޸ֻǿµĹ֮£ȥɼȻˣһսʮһ
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Сˡ
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ϸڵԪĴСѪסҪϻָڵƣֻ˿̶޷
ͳһöʼȥĪϸĵҩֻţĪ϶ĻۣѰһöʼκһǼͷһϸߣȴöҪ֪̾ͻɱ˶ᱦ
ʼǻʼڵʥҩ̶̼ʱϵѾָ߰˰ˣָ죬ܳ׵Ļָ
ĪµĵҩγɹˣҲòʧҲЩ£СһЩһʼ;裬ֱӳֻһɱԲҡ
˳ɣ
ѣһЦʱð˳ɶˣ֪սʤϣ಻߳ɣͣ
Ҳ֪ǵڼˡ뿴ſտĴЩпʱ䣬мܹ
ʱʵҲˣȻ˲ǿ
ʱ䣬ڣҶԣѾû̫壡оâܰ˾ڵĵһ£ԲѰһԵԼ


304 
㣬ͬһսϸ۷Ϊ
ݡ
һ㣬˲ֱ֣Լǿһ
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̫ˣȫһΣҾ߶ҲĶ֡Ц̫սǰһѧ·ĺӣȫһ
ʱ֮ǰ˵ͨԿͨĵ飬Ȼ顣ͨĵսǰǲһʵֻǰ˾Ҳʤǰҡ
֪޷ͨ㣬Ҳûмֱѡ뿪
Ĳ㿼飬ԸƴΪϣɵȴǰϣûУ¸ңǴ

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ǿδءܳЦԺвһӰȻҲųܹܰ˾ѪǰȴԸ·硣
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Ӱ̤Ҳ֮ɢ޾ǿջָյƽһжôľף˭뵽⿴ƽǿգȴԵ

޴ǳռ䣬һ޴ʯڣЩʯϣ̻һ޴Ľۡ
ʱˣʱ뿪ˡ
ǰľ޴ʯڣʮʱ䣬ʮЩСͬΪҲ˲СﵽϸغڲΡ
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Ķʮʱ䣬ǿյȺ˰죬ȴûмߣֹܼߣҲֻһˡǵڰ˵ǺεȵѣʵҲֻǲʤѡ
ʮʱ䣬۽󿪣ӴԪ綼޷ӴϾԪȻǿЩԪǿµĴУһǱռݣ΢㶼޷룬οɢ޵ĳ롣
ಡ
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ֵܣˡһЦڵĵôãû뵽ΪѾΡ
˻̰ɫһǷֳΪѾǴﵽϸغڡ
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ǿƽһŲݣȴͬǵһ㣬ѪܳʵһȥҲֻ߳ѣ߸ǲĴڡ
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ߵ磬ʧУ˷ʤɱ֮ͬҲǿŵ󷨣ΪȴǴδҪһ󣬻ѵԴһԪţ۲ѡǸεǳܹӴġ


305 
˵ûд󣬵ڻĴȴ׹磬ޱʵ߸޷ʧȥҲԶʧû
ȻһĿ󷨣ǲɱ֮Чģһʧ󷨾ͻֱӽȥɾȻߣΪ֮ͷۡ
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ಡ
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Ҳ߲ףһƽ
߲Ҳпһ㶣΢΢ͷ֪һ̤ϽݣҲֻгϧ̤߲
֪ϧеǺһ֮ߣԸ󶼱䣬ΪҲΪԼԸͬͬΪ߸ǿ֮УȻߵøԶ
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ͬڳˣǸŵߣͲʮ꣬ǻѰߣ꣬꣬һ޷ﵽǵĲΣǲࡣ
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˻Ѫһɫ΢΢һ䣬߲ݣǾ²ϵĳԣܹ̤߲ݵߣҲֻȼ˶ѣڰ˲ݣֻѪ̤ϡ
ಡ
̤һǰľʱ任ǶԳԣһж̫ͬԺеļӰû˿Ӱ졣


岽
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ŷ̤岽ĳ룬˵ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ɵ̤岽ЩǵԤϣҪ֪֮ǰܳˣ̤ϵ岽Ƭ̲̤ڵֱӱסһ㣬Ȼʧܡ
岽ˣȻɣƺ֮ǰĳϧ»Ҫɰ
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߶Ǹпѣܹܰ˾ţ̤߲ݣԸ¡
쿴̤һ
ˣ
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ڴʱ뾹Ȼһֱ̤˾̤ĲԽ죬˵ӰԽСǾµĳԣܹ̤ϵߣȴָ֪ɲǳһγԡ
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һܹ̤ͨϵڰ˲£һδ󣬼е߶߲֮£Ҳֻгϧź⣬ǿ̤߲Ҳֻǿ̶̤̼ʧܡ
һʧܣһʧܣҾͲţô̵ʱ䣬ͨһ̤ĳ룬вϵ˵š
ʵϧҶԣȴáǽʵĻ󣬳ȴ΢΢ҡͷ
˻ûھŲ㽣Ŀ飬ķһЩʱ䣬ܿơ
ڣɽǿǰĻȻǣɻǱɿơ
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˻һԵ־ܵ˶ǵ˵ͷʵ߲ǲûС룬Ҫ֪̤߲ͼִʧܣ߲ȴǲͬ˭뵽ֻʱ䣬ȻֱӴݡ
ǰһĻǴ۾һ׷״С˳룬ʱչֳʵ̤ڰ˲ǾԵģ
任һ̣һϿȡ
СϿдУܿϿȵײһصɽڣ˳ɽǰУһ޴ĶһǼǿµĶ
ǼεĹ似ƷǡһɨŶڵıһ߲ϵľЩκһǼֵǣǼΪ֮
̫ˣЩҲ̤ǼϾ˷֮ɫЩʵڶʱڣһء

ڴʱһЦ׳Ц˳
û뵽ҵȾȻҲд˻Ե
Сӣ»Եһ
׳һ˸ǺĶԳ
ȷֵĻԵܵǿԪɫһ䣬ɵֵĻԵȴԸʹ˷
ȻǾͳȫ㡣
Ϊ׳Цһһ̣Ӱ˲䳯˹ȥ
һԵǾɣ
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ţ
ܵܵľ任һ˲عɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
ĻҶˣս⣬ֱƳþҶЩɱ֮ǰ緢һУҲЩ¡
Ȼ紫ǰ㣬쳣£в֪ˣ統ʵ磬ʧС
⣬⾳Ҳһ⾳빥ֶΣ߲㣬̫Ѵ΢΢̾һ̤
ڰ˲
̤ڰ˲ĳ룬ɫһ任⾳ǳ׵ɵˣҪ֪̤߲Źȥյʱ䣡
յ裡
ܳһ֮ǰľ飬һķѵʱԽ٣˵ԽǿӰԽ٣ͨһĻԽ
յʱͨһôһûʲôҲ˵뼫пͨڰ˲Ļ
֪ڣû˳ɹͨڰ˲Ļ
ֵͨھŲĻ𣿡ʿˮЩȷʵ
֮ǰ˸пͨھŲ󣬲½ֻ̤ھŲţǴ˿̣ȴ޷ȷˡ
չֳʵѾ󳬳ԤϣȷھŲԳԣûѶȡ
Ӧã̫ܰɡףԥ
һ޷ȷܷͨϾҲֻڵ߲ǻڰ˲ṳ̂
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306 ڰ˲
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⣬ԸԷǲԸ⣬Բǿ
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Ԫ£ʵһС磬οǲｻףĵطȻ߼ۣͬҲᱻ˵
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ʮԪһߵðգ۵ԪҲʮѣʮȫҡ
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΢ԥһ£Ķ飬ʱҲ֪֣
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µ𵴣Բɣ˲仯촷ۡ
ϲ㣬ͨ飡
ڳΪԼȥʱһͻأĶ


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󣬹ˣ
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ϹǿߴУǳ콣صŵӣ̶꣬Ϊһ·ʱѪ̺ͻʼ˫սҲȫ汬
ڴսУͻһ·УɱǴﵽǼ۷壬ͳϧߵһ𣬳ΪĽɾ¡
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Ŀͣ콣֮ϣһ㶣ĴУȻ콣ĴУһҪһɽ⡣
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ȴûѡ콣ΪŽ콣ھУҪУȫ콣У˷һδлᡣ
Ѫħ䣬һ⾳ʵʡ
Ѫ̵䣬ҪȴǱ콣䣬Ҫ̡
ȻʮʥڵĹǴĵõ
УԽǿҪԽߣһŴУʥĴУҪ⾳Ҫ֪Ǽߣ⾳Ҳޱȵѡ
һ˼ѡһԪУŴҪУİɽ⣬ѾĽ⣬ȻС
ȻõԪļ¼ˮ֮ȴ΢΢һ뵽ʮʥضԼĹҲȻ
һݴУɲֻǽһЩطԼص似ʮУֻǵԪһأ
ǰ⴫ƺ뿴еӣڵ
ӵĴУֻǵԪҪõУ飬ɳΪ״ӻУ߳ΪҼ˵ļӡӵ
ӣֻǿµĵӣƽָһǲԵõԪεĴУѾǺܺáҪõУԣ飡
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У
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У󾪡
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ʮʥصĻԪ˭ɹ飬ѵǻʼڵ棿


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ʼڵĪ⣬ɱѪ̵λԪǿߣ֪Ԫ߶ʮɱλ棬ȴˡܹɱһλԪߣⱾʵı֡
ܹ󣬺ܴһֵԭΪؿؽָûǽָڵھŲ
ֻǵھŲĻ󣬶˿£ܹʵ붼飬ָεѣ
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һɹУս˵ļӣ»ûԵԶǵɱȡ
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ˡ
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صģⲻǻѾͨ顣ƺ˳е뷨һ
ͨˣ
һ㶣ȴǸӻ֮ǰھŲĻͬͨǻһ飬ʲôûôͨǰһУпܶǻ
ȷͨ˵飬Ҷĳŵĺ󱲵ֱӵһ״ӻᡣ΢΢̾Ϣţһزڳǰһ̣һЩӰ˳ǰ
ӰЩԵ࣬һ㣬·ʱɢ
ȻӰԲȴ֪ӰͬӰϣܵһɼΪصĸо·ԷһƬǿգֻһۣͲ׵ĳԽȥ
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ˣ棬ҲǼǻԪӰ΢΢ҡͷƺҲЩô֪£ڳϲĪѪϢɴǲĪҵˡ
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ѹ˵ĲлҲ˼㣬ҪɢʱĪһȴսǾһ飬˵顣棬Ψһһͨߡ
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ǽָȻ棬ɶѾã򵱳Ҳ͸Ī
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ǵȻһλ᲻ãóԼѡ˵ͻѡʺԼĴУʱڿɾˡ


309 
Ӱ۳룬ûֵ˼ǳƺ˼š
ӰûзŭĵҲһǰӰȻֻһл꣬ĸоȴǱЩԪ߻Ҫǿ󡣿ֻҪԸ⣬׾նɱԪߣǿߣҪ˵ûоηǾǲܵġ
ɳȴҲ֪ѡ񴫳ϣΣҲܺǰӰȣԷһ仰һ飬ʡȥ鷳ҲΪŻðտ̡
˲л͸󷨣˵ս˵Ĵ⣬Ī治ʷᣬȴΪ˴Լǰ;ӰŻͳҲˣ뿪ѯʣӰûŭĪңĪ棬˵Ҳĵӣ
ǵӵĺ󱲣սȻ벹һ
״ӵĴУʮǵսһЩǿߵ˴ж£ǿһЩǿ߶Ѿ䣬ԾõУҲֻԼ̤Ǽ۷ȫû⣬ڻԪҪԼ츳Ӱ˵
Ԫһǵ˭ҲﲻˣֻܿԼԪ޾
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״ӵĴУͺñʦָ㣬죬ԴֻҪ츳̫С
ѡΪҵļӣҿΪƶһзֻܻشУԴҲṩӰ
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ӴУһ׶Ƶзս˵ΪʶƶȻޱʺϳ룬·ϵһУҪԼȥȡԼȥƴķѵʱȻ࣬ٶҲϲ١
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ãӰ΢΢ͷڳдѡûие⣬еʶ߶֪ʺԼ·õ·
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븩װʦ߰ʦɲС£ΪʦߴҵʦͽϵнΪȶĹϵ֮һ
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΢΢һҪ֪ûд߶ˮ֮һϹսûùȴһۿĿ·Կ͸һƵģκǰΡ
ںܱ֮ȴںֵ֮Ϊʦֵǿߣں֮£ֲܿޱȣԽԽãߣȴں֮;̾
밵Եͷں֮ԽԽǿںԽԽǿǲܱ˴ںϣп˷ʱ䣬Ϊֱ̫࣬ӱܻħ
ں֮ΪʦҲֻԣ֪࣬Ϊʦһѣߵˮһ¼ϣһһ֪ƤС
Ƥ벻΢΢һ㶣Ҫ֪ӵ鿪ʼôУôˮأƤȴǵһμ
ѣˮϸˮУ޷ܣƤ¼ڵ
һЩĵֻǽӴҪΪǿʵ֮ǰǿմԳ˵ʵֻǿƬ̣ͷۻֱôˮʾǿµĵ֮Ӱ죬ֱߵԴը
ĵôˮأּܴ֮ʵ㣬ҲԻ
СպƤˮ޷أλǿ߶ˮĸ򣬵׵˺εȲΣݴУںϱȻ𵽹ؼá
֮еӦõħħѪںϣˡĿڳϣԴ͵
һڵԼе幦д󾪣ħܣѪеأû뵽ȻҲһۿơ
ʦħѪʲô벻ɿڵ
صѪ֮ҲǼΪ棬ǵԪλ߸û¹Ѫļء
㲻֪һ㶣Щ˼Ŀų롣
״ڨڨһЦ΢΢˵ͷ
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ħѪһּΪǿѪѪǿޱȣʵӵħѪǿߣԿȻԪȻȫѵħѪոճ͵ħѪ
ħѪϹħеѪ񣡡һп
ħ壿
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һĳɹʣ
뵹һ֮Դħ֮壬ΪԪλǿ߸ûʧʣֻ˵ʹޱȣŸҳԣҪ֪ʧʸߴɣԲȥԣȫȥģ
˵С졣΢΢ҡͷҪ֪֪ɹ£֪᲻뷨
λŸǴһŹԲǿںѪ֮ôħ֮峹׼ħѪһ۳룬Źħ
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ͨħѪħѪЩ𣬱Ҫںϼܳ׵ɱħѪҲΪϹʱڣħʮųЩͨתαħ塣ڵ
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ֻų⣬ǲˣϾκһ壬Ը⿴ͨתԼˡ
ӵħѪħ棬Ҳûʲô԰㣬ܣлᣬȥѰħ壬һ壬ħѪʽڵ
ʦ㲻˵ħųͨαħ𣿡ü
ħ壬ȻҲǱħų⣬ԷὫʽ
Ϲ֮սǰȷܣҳ棬ЩһҲᡣ΢΢һЦϹ֮սħʧأ˿ڸΪϡ٣ħѪͣҲǵˣЩһﻹ˶ӡ
ԣ΢΢˵ͷһ壬ֻһ壬ҪչʵʮҪ׳ΪǼǿߣɻȥѰʧɢˣһ巢չ벻Ҳһһ֮ǿ󣬾ǵ˿ڻеһǿߣһµ֡


310 Ѫ̵
ħϡ٣Ϲ֮սҴĸ٣ųαħ壬ħѾų⡣һУȴһǰᣬǾҪҵħ塣
ħ壡
пЦԪ磬û˵ħ壬Ҫҵ̸סҲף˵ʱħѪͣʺħзţǸһЩͨ幦˷˼ų͵Ѫ
߶ԺҪħȻ˿ϡ٣ܳΪϹʱǿһ壬ܴԭΪ̫ǿһҪעСѵ
밵ͷʶħѪǿȻǺεҪؼʱ̣ǿԾ
Ԫ·һ޴ż̤ԪһոµĿʼĳϣԪ֮·Ŀʼڵ
Ԫֻ֮·Ŀʼ
һ㵣ԪԪ磬Ҳһǿˣǿߣ޾ԪߣȻֻ֮·Ŀʼ
㽫̤ԪԻףڶԣЩ̫ңԶҡͷ
΢΢ͷϸ۷ΪǼδ̤룬ӱ˵Ԫ֪֮·֪Ǽ˿̵Ҳûʮո˵һ̤Ԫ
Ԫ츳ȱһɡ
һɵУð֮󣬴ԻὫͳڵ
֮
밵Լһ֮󣬲ǽϹսµʱ䣬ʱҲҪ뿪Ϲս
ϹսڵΣҲڵģǽʱϹսӡΣСʱǼΣջ᲻ǿӡҲǿϹսʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬κһǼȥҲΪθŵӴû˸Ϲսʮԭ
ӰԽգۼ䣬Ѿʧ
볯Ӱڵĵط˰ݣ˳˵顣
صʱǾ޴ĴУȻûߣȻϧµȻûܹ
ѶȲСѰҪǲܵ飬ճĲ²⣬֮УҲֻܳϣͨҲֻϣĽֻеʱ֤
ԪȻȲԪҲˣʺУֱӿʼ˱չء
Ԫ
ǳڵôУ۲Σ콣ǸΣ£ǳɽ⣬Ҳʮֵĳ
ս⣬ֻԪ

⡣
ܵ봳Ĵ̼ʱҲǸӷĳԣһδεĳԴ󣬽ֻһʱ䣬ܳ࣬Ѫ꣬Լϧ±Ⱥ󴳹˲̤ھŲ
ɵھŲȴһǵγԣɲ֮ʧܡ
ûʧܡ
˳ѾߴΣÿһζֱʧУʧܣ֮С
Ǹֱиɻ쳣뵽δģܳһЦǰ磬̤ھŲʱĲϵİʾɵ磬ǲĳУ޷԰Ρ
ߣҲò˶٣Ѫͳϧ£ͬʧ磬޷ͨ
Сģ̤ھŲϧȻĿ£֮ǰ磬ǿ־壬ɱ¾磬ֻҪ߼رģһδγԣѰһ磬ȴ޷ơ
߼ܳһδʧܣȻҲ׵ھŲĿ£Ҫ֪֮ǰĳԣǶڵھŲȴ˲ʧܣû˿ı仯
ߣʱֻʣһ֮ңֻҪ̤ھŲ磬ǾͿԻôС
Ȼʧܣ˻ǲϵĳԣԸ

ʱţһתۣѾ֪ʱȥҲԪĲ֮
Ǻ嫣ֻϸεԪҲ֪У԰Σʱһп
հɽ⣬󽣵ĹΪɼԪϸεĽȻеһ˿֪ڵϸغڵΪʵսǼһصߣʵҳ󣬻һͨߣ¶޷¡
ԪȻֻϸΣҲҪܱܣĲ²⣬ϸεĽҪȫܣҪһɽ⡣ڵʵ౬ҵܡ
ɾˣԪܲҲԶյĹֶΣȻطС
ԳʵȫʩչԪܱ׼նɱѰǼߡ
û뵽򽣾ҵΪҲȻﵽϸ۷塣ܵı仯ҲϲѣʱΪѾǴﵽϸ۷壬ϹսУΪվǿһΡ
û뵽һβ򣬾Ȼʮ졣Ŀ⿴ɿյģûߣԣʮʱ䣬Ȼû˴
죬ϣϧ½ܹɹɡ̾
˵˻󣬿ʵϣһжǿöָ˵öָµһӡΨĪѪﵽԪܿҲΪʲôĪ˵ʼ涼ûָкԭ
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ĪûٵԪǿߣȻҲ޷öָöָҲͳĪҼһֱ
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пһöָαл겻ʱ򣬴ͻȻһ첨һѪɫӰ˴֮УѪ̵졣
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Ǳͨ飬Ȼôֻʮ죬ʮʱ䣬Щ̤ϸ۷߶Ѿ㹻һһǿĴУʵȻһʵķԽ
û뵽ڶɹľȻ㡣ع
ԭ²ڶɹǳϧ»ܳ࣬Ѫ귴˵ڶɹģȷʵЩȡ
Ҳû뵽һɹľȻ㡣Ѫų룬˵
һʼĲۣѪ궼ûĹעֻΪɱҶϣס֡ҲֻǼסˣΪһֶնɱСӣһ·ʵʱѾܹѹ
ϹսŶã²
Ҷȥʱʵ²⣬ڶ̶һʱ䣬ӵʵٶȣѪҲо𾪡
ֿ֪мѪ̵˼ѪͻȻ
ţһЩ㵵ĿѪ꣬û뵽ѪȻῪ
ֲ֪콣һڵĵӣֻҪѪ̣Ҷʦܵ飬ǿԵʲôû԰̽ΪʦʱԴʵȻһɳ졣Ѫ꿪ڵ
ߡҵ棬һʼһˣҲδ̫ܳ˰ɡ뻹δػһȴһ̣һӰ˴֮УȻǻʼڵܳࡣ


311 
ˣѪɫһ䣬̱
ȻͨھŲʱͲ²⵽ܳ಻ܱס̫ãɶԷȻǰŸͨž͸ٶȣе˾ȡ
ϾھŲ鿴ֻɲ֮飬ʵϣЩ˱˵ھŲʱ䣬ǿ֮ǰͨ飬Ѿʮֵԡ
ϧûܽѪ̡Ѫһ˿ʧ֮ɫЩ꣬ѪڸţǷչ˲ٵĵӣϾЩŶڵĵӲԹԣֻҪԼվͿͶѪ̡
ͬѪ㻤ɲǵѪŵŵӶ
ȻûܳɹҲܳӡǣڻʲôһս˵յЧѪȴ˿ʧܹչѪ̵ıϾʼŵĵӣǲͶѪ̵ģɾ㲻Ͷ˴˹ϵʹ˫¼ɣѪ̶ԣͬǺô١
ȻûܽѪȻֳһʧƺޱȵĿϧһܹƭܳ࣬ȴƭ룬Ϊɢޣ۹ɫı£ɲðգ˵ʲôʱͱ˸ˡ
Ѫ껹Ǻô㣬벻ɣȻ䣡ͫһЦ
Ѱϸ㲻ʼںѪ̵ս˫ҲУɳţ콣һһţһ˿ѵĿܣ¶ᱻʼ׷ɱ
ͶѪ̣Ȼܣͺ죬˴ôܺȥսУֻͶʼڣһʼڶɾûʲô·ˡ
һˣ»ͱƭˣɱӿֻ֪ʣ¼ʱ䣬Ҫ뿪սһ뿪սûдʼںѪ̱ȻһɱʱûʲôɱѪ˵
ˣ
Ц
ܳѪȻ˴˶ɱ˶ԷҲ֪ͨ飬޷ɱҪѡһʺԼĴУ֮£εɱԶûһݴҪ
֣ܳ೯΢΢ͷĳ룬ѾǵõܳĳϣһԽţлһݴУĳɾͼпܴﵽǼ۷壬Ԫ
ţǶԻʼڶԣҲǼΪҪȻѪߣ
˴бѡʺԼеʱ֮ͻȻһ첨
ͨˣ
еϤĲ˶ʱ˴룬ʮʱ䣬ڰ˲ߣɲֻܳѪԼϧˣףҲǴ˵ھŲһλѪߵţΪʿ̫ԵʣѪϣЩʼߡ
ˡ
һӰƾճ֡
ϧ½㣡ˣ벻һϲæڵ
ͬʱܳҲ¶ϲɫϧ¿ǻʼߵߣϳ룬ʼѾλ߻ôУѪǱߣֻѪһ˶ѡ
ļܳϲãѪɫȴǱޱȵѿԼû뵽һδھŲȻǽˣǻʼߵš
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ѪɫأݴУҪ֪ʮʥصɾЩ𲽷չݴдȥʼߵʵȻԵģѪ̱Ȼ·硣
ԲǽЩдȥֻܶɱˡѪ΢΢̾ϢɱбͬھֶΣɵ˴˿̣ѪѾϹսѪ̵ţҪɱʼһǲܡ
ֻǳˣһ¶סһûǣƣѪһ˭ֵܵסˣ
С룡ϧ¼룬ͬϲ⣬Ϊ׷ϳĲΪѡ׷ʦصƸУڣǿ׷˳ĲھŲ޷Ȼͳٴ롣һһֱ֧ǰУڣھʮʧ֮ɹٴ׷˳Ĳ
֪Ѿ飬Ȼиû˿ĳɷֻ֣ٴѹѾĳ룬ȻܽԼͨ˵ˣһϹս֮ܣһ¶»Ԫ߶
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ϧ½㣬ѡаɣо󣬿԰뿪ڵ
ھ󣬾˵ܳ˳Ҳ֣ᷢϾһֱԲɵɵĶȹʮ졣
ϧ΢΢ͷһԵܳǷٵбѡ
ѡʺԼĴУǼ˵ĸ࣬ѡʺͬҲҪϸŵĴС
ܿ죬˱ѡԼҪĴУͳ֮ǰѡͬѡĴУӲûйϾЩп漰ء
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Ѫһһ˲ӳ飬գۼ䣬αʧ
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ܳһ㶣Ѫʵ֮£һ·Ŀ飬ѪʵСóɱɾˣҲֻգۼ䣬ʧˣԾС
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ˡ
ֻɲǣܳͬ˳ȻѪ꣬ҪЩҲһˣϸǶһ˿Ц

ܳ೤̾һ˿Ҳ˳ѣһ飬ܹģͬΪʲôû˵ѶȣΪ˵ˣ᳢ͬԣ
²һԼѪʧǰϧȻѡ˼ԣûԹ˭
鵽ʲôƳһܳѪ꣬ͬʮ־ȣֱͨ飬ĴУȻ֪ʲô
Ȼ֪Ҳף鲻򵥣ŽսͨҲֻĪһ˶ѣ֪ЩţɶǴ½۷ǿߡȥĪ棬ǵǿ˲л͸ǵһУ̤ԪϵõĴУһˣ


312 ɵľ
ԤϣϧͬɲǼʧܣɫԲ԰֮⣬Ҳûд󰭡Ѷȣȴףʵܳɹ
֪޷飬ҲѰһʼ
ϹսȻԵ٣ܹĵطȴǺ٣ʱ䣬ڴ֮жȹΣޱȣлͣ
սľȻŵʥأҲںò٣һ·ҲвСջóʱ䣬Щںϡ
ʱţһת۱ȥʱ䣬Ϊ΢ĳϧҲϸ۷ΡߣһҲûгɹ顣
ʱѾˣûߴˡ̾һϹúܺѣҲϣԷֻܹϧھŲʵ̫ѣڸһЩʱԴϧսµʱѾˣ˶ᱻ뿪
ϾִлԵһֱѶȾԲֻˣҪ֪飬ΣĿ鲢࣬Ԫ磬һԪǿµĴУ̵ʶǼߵġΪµЩУǿһֱԣԪʤ̭ЩǿȻѰߵǶԣֻͨߣʸõǵĴС
ϧֻˡܳҲǴ΢΢̾Ϣеûʲôź
һʼѾһݴУʼŻôУѪӦõĵѪ꣬
Ѫɫޱѿһս֮УѪ̵ջٵģһŶûʲôջʵҲּţҪ֪ÿŽϹսƵģѪܹǲߺʿŽͱѹ
ʿǱѹե˼ޣսû̫ͻƣϾڽϹս֮ǰѪĲɱŵţû뵽йսһȻͱʼڳԽѪȫǲŽ󴳹ս߾ԲֹѪһˡ
ˡ
ͻȻսһزɲֱϯսڲ߶ز֡
飬⡣
ǡ
ܵǹزɫһ䡣
ʱ䵽ˡһף׿ЦڵھŲζûܳɹγҲûջǿڸʮµʱ䣬ǿ϶Գɹֻϧսʱ䵽ˣ
Ҳģ
껷ŭһһֱӳ˾Ųݣգۼ䣬Ѿǳ嵽˵ڰ˲
̤ڰ˲껣пյ˶ҡҡͷЩ˵ʵ˴󣬶ڵڰ˲ף׶硣ڸǼʱ䣬ڰ˲ͨھŲȴǲС
ʱҲܣοֻɲ֮䣡
Ȼ̤ڰ˲֮һɿµֱӽɳȥ

ŭһȻ˵ڸȻҪٴγ󣬿ϧλûӳܵľȴһ任ֱӱͳȥ
ĵ顣
ǳռ䣬ϾǿЦ
ڵ飬ͻƣմ飬ĵ飬Ҳ̽һǳѣɴ˿Ҳͳȥ
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ԳһЦȻջ񲻶࣬ڵߣѾˣοԼҲףʵܻôС
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ز˲ˣȻߵ壬ȴ˲
Ӱ˲̾һǶ֪߲ûд̨Ҳ˵ǣ̨
ߣսʯ̨ȴǴһЩµߣǵʵûգ뿪Ҳûֻʯ̨

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ಡಡ
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ʮ֮ɡЦҡͷսԣһγĪһΣ֪һοǻʼЩŽ֮ǰĵĵ伮Ѿ֮ǰ顣
ʱ䣬ҲΨԪ޾ĻԪܵȵŵǼߣҲֻǧԪѣ֮䣬ȫһ۵֡
ʱ֮п´˶޷ܳ΢΢̾ϢԪõУҲûаܹ̤롣
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˻һʼһĵɱӿˣʼߣѪ̵͵Ϯ֮£ʧңξ콣ڡ
ŵӵĶѪ̵ĺҲ󣬴˿ܳ࿪ڣڵɱ𵴡ĸȻʧ󣬿Ҳ͵Ϯ֮ǰսѪ˼ɣɴ˿̣ʼߣǿѪߣˣȻ塣
ʦ֣ô죿ӵ
ǵõĴ̫࣬ԲǴȥѪɫһԵ
λݴУֻҪɱǴѪ̿ԲҪһһݡѪ국
˻˲һϲݴеļֵ޿ɹ
ִ˻棿һü
ϹǿߴУǺεȾ޴ĻԵɲɻʹ˷˵ľǵںͻʼܾˣڴжߣʱһȫƵʼڵϡ
ܹΪŵһţȻʵϺЩ࣬ǿɲɵɵĻϾĴϣĽ϶ѡ
ģҲºᣬһݴмֵ̫Ѫ̶ķݴУ²ûʼڳ֣ڶ̵ꡣɫƽ
˻˵ɫȻͲ٣ԣѪºᣬһѣϢķݴУκһĶ˵ںѪϣֵܣ¶ᵹꡣÿһŶõһݴУƽʵͬʱҲѪһʵսʤĻɸ
ͬҲΪʲôѡݴеԭڵѪ̻ûôθڳķݴУޱȵĶҲֻѡûаˣ


313 ڼ
˶ɴ˻ǱȽŵģ֮ǰֱ֤Ƿţһֱ׵ķȴףɵȷûǵôҡ
ôֻὫѪƵŵĶ棬ʱѪԵĿɾͲǻʼţǾŸš˵ѪֻԪĸҲܣ
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˵Ѫռƣɼܲסߵʿ࣬ɱ¹˭δ֪ʼǱߣѪ֮࣬һѪ걻ǣƣ֮Уûֵܵܳεǿߡ
ܳǲҪᣬа취Ըߵʿ޷ѹơɿˣһƽ
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λǼǿһ̽Ȼޱȣڹս벻̵ľ룬Ȼջ޷սڵջȣͨ߶ԣѾ㹻

սһ۵սڣʮѪ̵ߺڵڴ˻ۣȺ룬ӰˣȻǱ˵ɺơ
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ܹϹսߣȻǸŵţţлԪŶԣǲɻȱûгΪǿߣڵĵλҲֻǿЩѰǼ϶ѡ

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ϹսٴλصǺĿģɳ裬ɳӿ


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ʼڣƸѪ̡
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Ҳáպ΢΢һЦá
Ѿ㣬
Ƭ̺һľϿȣպ鿴
棿
ԣɫ΢䣬콣ڵ棬ȻλԪǿߣ뿪콣ڣǰϹսʱһΣǽֻԶԶһۡʱܹĿ콣ڵĴʼˣҲΪǻĻԪǿߣ
ϿľһԴдһ˿˿Ũҩ㣬ȻϿ֮УһЩҩ
պĴ֮£ԼĪɣԶԶƼһªʯݣʯǰһʯԣ·һ㣬ߣǵ콣档
պ飬档պ鹧
΢΢ͷ¡
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պȥߵĿ˳ϣߵĿɨоԼһܣ·𶼱͸һ㡣ԪǿߣһֵͶ㣬㲻ҲȻȻĽ̺С
ӳ룬档빧ԪǿߣȻ٣ǰ߸ĸоȴӿ¡Ȼ޷ܵ˿ԪȴޱȵֻҪԸ⣬һͷɱϸߡ
̶¾˽һ˰ɽ⡣΢΢ͷ϶һ˿Цݡ
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㵽֮ǰСѾˡ߿ڵ
Сӣ
գһ۾պ߰˰ˣȻСӣ뵽ǰ߿ǻĻԪǿߣԣֻһαչصʱ䣬Сӣ¶պˣ
֪εõĴʲô߿롣
Ԫûʵõк֪ݴУ콣ڿ϶ǰҪԼû㹻ʵסУ콣ڷõѡ
ȻԪϷҲѡŽϧʱѾ콣⣬ѡ콣⡣ԣһп
΢΢ͷ֪콣콣ĴУѡ콣Ͼ콣⣬콣Ȼɡ
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Ը⡣ͷ
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Ҫʲô߿룬
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ԣߵͷ콣⣬Ϳ콣ֻǰճʵֽ׶λãҪҲԤ֮УȻ׾ʹӦ
ϣܹһЩԴ
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ϣԷ似
似һ㶣ȻЩƣǵͷӦ
֮ʲôҲǰѯϷǧ꣬Ϸ򶼲չءߵ
л档ԣ벻ɴϲ
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317 
ϿȳҲΪ콣֮ǰԤϵĻҪáǰԤϵڻӦϾ콣Դ似콣ڶԣء
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ԵõĳŵҲΪ⣬֮ǰԤϵĽõöࡣ
ڳ̸ʱ䣬պѾϹսţý֮ĴǱصĶ󡣱Ͼ֮ǰ껵ΪպһֱУ֪˲ͣܲصѣ
ص콣פصʱǫӭرѦ꣬ڼѾϸ۷ΪЩС˼Ϩ𡣴ʱĳ룬Ѿһĵز
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ۼǫˣȴ΢΢һ˵µӴϹսӦԳŶԣɽפأȴ˿ûиܵ˵Ϣ˸פڡ
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һǰݻͻȻһҹ߽֮⣬ڻҵʧٵʧ٣Ѿûһ˿ҵǫ
ݣ
¾ݣݱ֮һһ֮أҵɲһҹ߽֮⣬ܹһУҲֻѪ̣
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һĿޱȣһǿĿ壬ĸ壬ŸҪƿأ̸ף
ɻȴһҹ֮䱻γɼԷԤıԲһҹ֮
ݵü
һ֮ڣɲֻǻҵʥأҲԼķڣѪ̼ȻƿݣֻҲù
콣ݵķǹţǱһ֮뿪ݣɱ⡣ǫЦ
ţ
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ǻʲôӦ뿪ڵ
˴£һ֮أѪ̶ߣҲ޶ԣ
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ݱᣬĻ̻̣ٵطлҵļϲò̻صִ֡ǫ
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ž֮£ڻߵŴ˿̶ĵСķš
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ǿʲôţ׷ʵ
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ʵֻǹź콣ڵȥڵҲȫ뿪Ͼ֮£ɲֻһݵ飬ѪѾ֣սԶ

פء
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Ҫ֪ŵʵɲ콣ĵλݣҲһţһǿţҪ룬ɲɵ飬̶һµʱ䣬ôܹ
ҰԭأѰһɽţͲɵ飬ЩԪ΢ŨĵطһǱռ죿
뿪ݵĹž޸ĸƼҪǿжȡһõطΪɽţס
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һνϹսϹƵΪҲͻƣʵﵽϸڵӣǲˣʵŵĴսУȻһĴڡ
ô죿ڣǵϢϹ̾һ
ų£ҲǼΪķ꣬ſǰĸûŵıӻһϸص߶ѡ
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ڵӵĵǣߵҪ࣬Ҳˣ٣˿̵껾ʮֵĲʹ졣
ɶһϣȻ澯ңʦҲ⡣ɫڸղţʦ콣߳ϣԳڴ֮²йһйҲ޷ס껡
ʦ𾯸棬иǲģȴҲϢ͸¶ȥ˼
Ҳ͸¶ҾͲŵĵӣѪǱߵ˲͸¶ЦһϹŴУǳĴ
ǼǵãڹսڣѪλţƻѪ̼ƻͱɵ˺֮ǣ߲˵ѪǱҲȻϢҪ֪ǳϧ£ܳ඼ǸŶţڵλͣȻܵűҪжôУɲס벻콣ڷڵӣȻڣһֱ콣ţֻҪ뿪Ǿڣ
ΪõһݴУͿѹһͷЦ
һݴУͬлΣգȴܣ˵һҪл㣡ȻףõĴУ콣ڿ϶У츳һݴеĻ᲻С
ȴ֪ԪҲҪ⣬ĿǰʵûʸУǼǿߣܹߵҲࡣ
ֻǣ֪ԪʱȴѾΡ


318 ӱ
ݡ
һ֮ǰһҹɱ¾ʱѾƽȻȻʮֵǣݳ˻⣬û˿ı仯Ҳò߰
Ȫ꣬ŵѪ̵ĸ𣬻Ȫ֪ŵȴҲࡣ
Ȫڣһ޴ĹڣӰĹڴ֮УǳڴˣȻܹϳǰˣϹսڱ˵ƺɡ
ǴϷӰĮĿˣѪ̵Ľ͸ƾβ²⣬Ҳ֪Ѫ̵ܲԭڻȪڡһŵɽţǺεȵɭϣǻԪҲԴУҲѪض꣬ΪһҲûʼڲԭ
ûõķôС¶첻ãΪˣȻҡ׷һ
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˻ɺɫʱ䣬æģԴϵߵ£̴һͳ졣
Ҫԣ뵹мֱ¡һԵ΢ЦſڵѪ̸档
һϸ۷ţһĴڣʲô¡ӲΪȻΪԪߣǼ۷ߣҲǲһοϸ۷ţһָɱ
ˣܹ˰ͨϹǿߵĴп飬ȴЩ˼顣Цŵ
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ɳȴǰ˰µʱͨ飬ͺñȣ˶ϸ۷壬Ȼһ˶ôһϸ۷壬һǼأұ˴Ǻ߱ȻΪţ
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΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
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콣ڴӵһֱͻʼվһǻҵļᶨ֧ߣΪ콣ڵţֻͱ߲ӣҪʵ̫ˡ
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ţнȱţԪ޷ǵ⣬´˿̵ĳѾǼ۷壬ɲ̤ԪԪǧ꣬Ԫ޾ĻԪǿ߶ԣҲ꼻һְˡ
СһȻû񣬲ôҲһݴУһˡ濴۹ڴɺˣ˵
ߡһŵˣȻΪ飬Ҳһջϣһ
лʦ𣬶л
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һݴп󣬿ʵϣΪ⴫Уߣ·硣еĴУȴ΢΢̾Ϣ
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ԣɫһãƬ̺ǿڵ¹شҪһ£
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벢ǵСӣҶˣǼҲüӿһЩˣа

ͬʱ콣ڣڱչز콣
콣ŵ콣콣ϹŴУԪͬһεĴУԽͬŲСҪ
Գɽˮ׼Ѿﵽ콣Ҫ󣬲ȻҲһѸ١
һתۣµʱȥ
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ݡ
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ڵʵȷʱǼˡ΢΢ͷЦŵ˵ڵ㣬Ǳȵǿ˲١
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ȻֻǳԪƺûʲôˣҪ֪ÿһǼߣܹԪȴǷëǣһǼδܹһԪʹųΪԪϣȻϣߣѾǼе
ͬޣǼԣһ޴ĿѶȶѰ߳Ԫ̾
ͬޣܹﵽǼߣҲָֻлԪߣŻΪ޾ԪȫĵԼɾˣԪУҲûֵںˡ
밵ԵͷɲͬޣͬޣϸԴΪߵĸ򣬿ɵǼܽĸʵ̫٣ֻܿϵս֮УΪ֮һ¼ҲΨһԽĸĵá
ϷȻҲϧ˫֮ͬϣȴ޷̫İȻг룬˫ͬϣȴ޷ʲô
һˣȴ԰ﵽ㡣ͻȻ
˭뼱æ׷ʵ
Ƹӱ
ӱ
һڴˣȴû˿ӡҪ֪ϧΪƸʥŮΪܹƸһЩǿߵġ
ѵͻȻԺһ˼ͷ
ƸĴʼˡߵ
ԣпЦƸʼˣǿǻԪǿߣԷָ


319 Ǽ
棬ǰָһЦĿߡ
ӱǺεǿߣǿǺ콣һƸָܹܵҲָϧ¸Ϣ֮УûἰƸ棬˵벻ƸĵӣǣҪӱҲװ
Ȼ츳Ҫõһλ޹ϵĻԪǿָ㣬ǲܵ顣
ѰߣҪףָ㣬ȴͬ΢΢һЦ
ͬ
һһãȻĿߡ
Ҫ˵ԼʲôͬҲħѪħѪʮΣ߶ûȻ֪ӱ֪֮⣬ʵ벻ԼʲôѰ߲ͬ
ûؿڵĽָӦĪҵĪҵĺˡ߿룬˵
һ㶣뵽ǰ߿ǺĪһõУ˴Ϥ֪ǽָĪҲʲô¡
ȷĪҺˡ΢΢ͷ¼Ȼ߿ҲûмȥıҪ
˻λĪҵĺˣλһ֡΢΢һЦ
ţ
΢΢һĪѲɺƸʲô鲻ɣ
ϹսĪȹλһĪλҲһֱշĪңӵĪҼֻҪλȻָ㡣Ц
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ԣɫҲǱѪ̶Դ˿̵ԣȻԷһλʵǿǼߣҪ
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ֻһۣϳöɫǵ
ΨһֵĻԪ߲һö൱ڻԪȫһޱȿ£׼նɱǼߡһöļֵƷϾһöǻԪߣҲҪķѲٵʱգĲϣޱȡ
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öһһڹؼʱ̱ÿһµһʶֻҪ߶ҾܲյĹҾܸϵֻҪǻԪ֣ǰƸ󡣡߻
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̤ǼԪ磬Ҳ̤ǿߵˡ뵱Ϊ̤ǼǺķ˲ٵͻƳɹ
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ܳʵȻʱ̤ǼɺͳȣǵͣǳһܵԴӲǳɱȣ֮£һСǽ콣ţҲԶԶ޷ЩʥȡɾˣȻܹԽܳˣ츳εȿ£
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ԣԽϸߣͻԪΧԽ󣬲ĶҲԽ󣬴˿̳ͻƵĶѾ콣ŵļأǫͷ۵ľ޴ԪУɫҲǶһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
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Ԫӿ룬ϵϢҲڲϵš
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ȻͻƵǼһڣܵı仯ҲǶһ˿֮ɫ
ѰͻƣҲͻƵǼ̻ߣǿԴﵽǼһسڣǼһڣǾޱȵˣ۶ѴﵽҪһЩԵпܡͻ֮ǰǳԼû뵽һͻƻ˳ɹ̤ǼΪͻƵǼһڵĲΡ
Ϊԭʹﵽϸޣϸ񣬼ħѪͻǼֱӿǼһڡ
ûħѪ³ĻҲֻ̤ǼһسڣһͻǼʹﵽǼһڵΪ
ڵʵѰǼ߶նɱǼߣҲԱı仯϶һ˿Цݡ
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ԳǺѣɢһ㶼ὲԼĵø˽٣ȻԪ磬ɢһ㵽ǼٶȶһЩдԵ츳׿֮ɢ޺̤Ԫ
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ˣʦܣļλͬż֮ǰѾأǵӣƺµ顣պ鿪ڵ
һ㶣ͷպ飬ǳ˵סȥ

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ȵʼںѪ̴սʱӱָ㣬͸ˡ
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˻ǫ˲֮Եų飬ԭΪҲһȥȴ뾹Ȼ飬ʱ޷콣š
ȻԼĴ㣬ҲǿѪǱ߿¶㣬һҪСġǫƬ̺󣬻
ȻڵʵԱмְյġһЦ
һǷֿ
֮ǫ˱뿪˴˰֮õڣ̻콣š


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ʱţһתۣǫѾ뿪һ¡
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ʱʼںѪ̴սڼ˵ʲôʱͻᱬսʱʮʥؾУӱָԼʵ
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պʶãȴԼֶһ㣬Ȼмѡ
Σһ·Сģûˣлõֻлţϣպĳ
΢΢ͷպã뿪

콣⣬һ֮УһӰٵּ䴩С
Ӱ뿪콣ڵĳ룬ԭԳΪͿնУȴ뿪ּ·ΪľԼ١
Ϊ٣Լױһӡ֮Ԫ缫Ϊ콣Ҳвٵļء
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뿪콣ڵķΧٴݣԼױһߣ·
뿪콣ѾЩڰеļһҲҪ¶ˡȻٴα任ݣɳȴӵСġ
￴ңԶǼ۷ߣȫ·ҲǼʱ䣬콣ڻлԪ򣬾ٱˣҲôΣյķΧ֣ʱ򣬿ûɱ˳룬ͱ콣ڵǿɱˡ
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֪ϢͿûˣЦݲûбԷƣϾΪɲߣ֮£ܿƵġ

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ĵһµ˲롣
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һ֣ͷ֣ǰߣѪ̵ˣʮʥκһţΪǰյĵ͵Զʮֻ˵һԲҲﵽΣԪҲԶʮʥصӵľ
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ɫһ䣬ôҲû뵽ˣȻܹ³ݣҪ֪ͳԹ֪˿Ǽ٣벻͸ǰε֪ġ
֮Ȼ֪ˡЦɱӿøһû㣬㵹ˣ

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323 Ա
ɱߣ벻˷һ㣬磬ȥһǷסȫϮһ
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߼״ɫ͵һ䣬Ǽһصߣȫһϸ߿ԵֵģǰˣȻױֵסһС
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һѪߵɫ̱ޱȲ԰һֱڸһ֮£һս֮
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ﴫһҵĿԣÿһοԣһѪӿ
㡭㵽ʲôˣѰϸߣԲʵĽĿƵĿų룬ǰˣʵԼǶ֣ǿߣʵڲףôͻȻɱ֡
ʲôˣӲһֱ𣿡ԣмһЦ
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ԣһĿų롣
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˵ףϢ󣬲ŻǲһǼһصǰɱ룬뵽Ϊ֮졣
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324 ֮
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ɱɱͣµӣһ˿
Ȼƾ˻ȴδһ㣬ԭһ
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ӱĻϸ۷Ϊƽոİȫһǰɱ룬Ҳһֱ׷ߡһϸ۷ߣȻһɱˣ
ʵܣԲܣ
ų룬һţŶãȻӵնɱϸ۷ΪʵҲϸ۷ɣ
һʮϸ۷壿ʲôҵʷϣûţ
ûʲôܡһƽгһ𣬱Ҫնɱ
ȵȣ㲻ɱң
ۼҪɱԼɫ䣬æ
ɱ㣿ԣЦ
ҹӣɱңǺԣҾԲŹġɫ
ΪҹӣЩںû˸ҵң콣ǿţҲңһƿһԲѰſɱȣ˵ϸߡǼߣҲң
ҵȷǸ鷳»ң벻мһЦ
˻вһ˵ĲҹӿɲֻһҲΪһţοɱҲδܲ鵽Ҫ֪磬ÿ춼в֪ȥһ޷⣡
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ЩֶΣϧңѪ΢΢һЦ
ǳڴˣȻܹϳǰѪӣǵֽɱӱѪ㣡

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ȻЧޱ󣬵ֻǶԻԪµЧٵļֵȻҪߡɾˣ٣ҲѾѵһ䣬һ֣ȻǼ


326 Ѫ㵽
ǰⱦǼڵõǳԹܶ෽޷򿪡۪
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ҪҵǾɣ볤һһǿĽӿսµ죬ҲҪ죡


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УѪɫӰɫ԰ףޱǱڵѪſԲӿ
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Ԫǿڵеʶڴ߶ʱᱻ̸ӦΪҪǣʶĵܸǿͺñһһһȻһɵɱȴȫͬ
ѪеĵȻҲǻԪǿǵ֮иûʶ붯õĵȴӵ콣λµʶϣѪĵȻ޷ֵŻᱻǵˣòȥ
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Ѫö˵ҩηɿʧ֮УѪȻûеҡߵĵزһݱˣ̻ʼǿߵΧɱ

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콣ڳϷΪͨϺ;ӢϣΪﵽǼͨϣԭԳΪõҲֻͨϾΪǼһءֻǳչֳ츳ˣպ뾫ӢϵȫҪ֪պҲֻǾӢϣʮϣǾӢʵλߵʮˣǵȻҲǾӢͳȴЩ
ӢΪɫ΢䣬һ㾫ӢϣǼΪĳϲܻãΪһ㶼뿪ڣ˺ѼðܹóӢӶԳȻû˻ɡ
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333 
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ǣ˴ǰǰСͷ
һʱ䣬ӱС϶ԷĪĹϵ뿪ȻҪ
츳ڵĪ֮ϣҲӦ֪˫ͬޣʮѣһϸܵˮ֮һ㽫·ѡӱĿڳϣ̾һ
˻΢΢һˮ֮һ콣ڵ涼û֣ԭΪӱҲ֣Էֻ֪ǻ֪Ѿںͬޣͬޡ
·ϣЩϼһҲ޷ʲô㽫ܹߵʲô̶ȣֻܿԼӱ
ڵĻԪߣǲһֵͻƻԪӱҲֻǽˮ֮һԲδںϱˮ
ಡ
ӱһһöˮС
ĪõĴˮԭǼεĴĪңȥʧѲȫӱ΢΢ҡͷ
κһ壬һֱǿʢȥĪмλԪǿߵշʷϣǾδı䶯䶯֮£ĪҵĴУҲʧ١
ĪĪҺѰһ츳׿֮⴫ˮȻĪҲüλǼ۷ߣϧǶûʸԪ㣬ȴЩ͸Ը㲻ṼĪһԸӱ΢΢̾ϢһǴˮ뻳С
ĪĴˮ
ŻĴˮвЩ
ʵ֪Īͨ飬ʮֺ棬ĪõĴУȥˣ
ĪϽ˺ܳһʱ䣬ĪȴδĪʲôǿ󴫳УҪ֪ĪõĴУϹŴУ˴УԲܾʹʧĪأǸʱĻԪǿҲͬ⡣
ɳҲǷ˲ٵ伮ûһֵ伮ĪصĴС
ֱӱһУ֪ĪĴУȻӱС
ĪĴУҵλҲһݣˮаˡӱƺ˳е뷨
ԭˣ
ԣʱ׹ԭȻôһ¡
ԭӱĻлЩ֣ôʥزܶһݴв档Ͼ꣬ɶʮֵȶԭĪаţлҺƸʥؾ⣬Ҳõһ¡
ĪõĴУһǳʥĴУݴгǴбϼһ˷ݴУŽǰʮǿ󹦷
ĪǴ֮ݴҲһ˷ݴУԴ֮ĴУֻϧ󡭡ӱ̾һ
ǳʥ䣬صıǳ֮֮ǳ֮ķ֧
ǧʮǧǳ֮ǧ֮ʮǧС֮һˮ磬ֻССٶǴ
νǼСʮСںϣǳ֮һִ
Ҳǿ֣֮ĶСԲû̫ĴܶǼΪ£ԶԶСɱȡ
񵱳սڼǿմֻǿյȻתɢ˼ϣǹۿƬ̣ʧУǺεȿ¡
Ȼɲͬޱȵѡ
̤Ԫǿߣʮ֮УδһǲĴ
̤ԪߣŻ᳢ԣӵ޾ԪǣпгɹԴ̤ԪԪ磬ҲǴ˵еĴڣ
ǳ֮ޱߣʵ̫ңԶ֪ǻλǳ֮ûţʥĶвСĽ塣ӱ
ǳ֮Ҳķ˲̵ʱ䣬ϧŶûǿʺԼģõġӱˮ֮һﵽԲΣںķһЩʱգˮ֮һʱֵ
΢΢ͷԪ磬Ԫµߣû˸ҳԣ˫ͬޣѾޱѣǺʹȣ֮ȫһ죬һء
ǿգǳǴѰǿǳĻᶼûУβػˮ磬ͣᣬЩߣȻףκһִѰ޷Ӵ
ͺ似׾ܽӴ²ᣬһͨ˶ŵǻ޷ᷨЩѰ߶ûı˵õϣ֪ôáǸǴ÷
ˣûӴ֪ô
»Եɺ·ߣô̤Ǽ
ѣ
ѣѣͻѣ
Ǵ
ֻǽӴͽڴ⣡
³ںϷˮԴҲҳԣǳʥޱߣкܶණΪԳͬҲвС
Ī棬źȻԴ֮Ϊǳ֮ип
Ȼţȴ֪Ī츳֮ϣҪ֪ĪûħѪƾʵ飬ͻƻԪǵıʣĪĵõУʵͳԽ˾Ŵʥصߡ

׳ǡ
񶯵ѣԭչص׳ҲѾǳأΪҵĿ䳤ϣ׳Ѿǽӵҵսʱܱ
Ҳ֪һս׼һܷڡ׳׼˵Ϣ̾
һ޴УǼһصߣ˵ܹοѰϸߡ
׳Ҳûд㣬׼һЩ츳ĺ󱲣ͱ뿪Ϊ׼һ֣ѾΨһġ
Σһ޴У޷ܿ
һʱ䣬ǱߣƺҲв鷳콣ŵշδִ⣬Ҳ֪СӵʲôȻ˶ǿߡ׳Ŀ⿴ǵķɫؼ֡
ʱ䣬ϸѾ֪˶٣׳Ƕв٣Ǽһصǿ򣬵ûгִӡԼûô򵥣п»ǼߣΪ֮ǰں֮иܵһϢ
콣ǱҲǿң⿿¶Իסҡ
棬һλ׳˼֮һͻȻǰ㱨
ˣ
׳һ㶣꣬ȻҲвٺѣЩѶδ̤ǼѾĲ࣬ﻹʲôˡ
ǰСӶǵ˰ɡڴʱһͻأ׳
㣡ͻأ׳ɫʱһ䣬ԺһӰ
Ϊһ̣׳϶һ˿֮ɫܹȻǼΪŶʮ갡


338 ׳ľ
׳ԾޱȣȻó룬Ҳδܹô̵ʱ̤ǼҪ֪ǼɲϸѰϸ۷ϰٰʮ궼ޱȣһЩţʮҲɳŴࣿ
̶̼ʱ䣬쾳ͻƵǼ׳˵û

׳𼤶
ǡ׼ӵԣ΢΢һ㶣к棬ʲôѣȻʧ̬ȴûбֳ׵죬û棬׼ҲͲڡ
յĹһϤӰ׳ǰ
°ɡ׳׼ӵܵ
û뵽Ȼ㡣׼ӵȥ׳𲻽п
ʮʱ䣬Ǽ߶ԣһαչصʱ䣬ɳȴ̤Ǽ
ǰ빰ֵ
׳лʮָмģ׻˵ףѩ̿ѣ׳ʱ򣬲һߣ׳ȴǼǿߣǿߡһ죬һأ׳ȴȻʮշշң˵û׳շҲô̵ʱ䷢չ׳
Զ׳𣬳кǸм
ѾǼߣһʵҶ͸ٽǰҿɵ𡣡׳æҡͷ
ʵ֮ϣ츳ڶ˳ңǰ׳ɲдЩ꣬׳ĴʶǲȻףǿΪĵ
µĳܹĶݣĳѾһǰɲҽӡ
ǰİҲǰ콣šɫ
ӣϮȻˣ뿪ӣֻҪһΣҸ޷ֵʱ׳ȴͳˣΪ׳ӣûڶ֡뵱ʱ¶ǰǣ콣ŵĿˡ
ǰҵ㲻⣬һϸ缴ɡ׳΢΢ҡͷ
ȻˣСӾԽˡҲɢޣ׳ĵģҪ֪ߣͬţʦͽ̤Ǽʦֵơ
û뵽̶̼ʱ䣬Ѿӵ쾳ͻƵǼٶȣǡ
ų룬׳һпչֳٶȺ츳š
ЩһЩԵҲ˿졣Цŵ
׳ԣ΢΢˵ͷҪѰ׷Ķ¶޷̤ǼԵǾɰܵĹؼ
ϸ磬ʵǰ֪ĺǣˣ뿴׳ɫص
Ȼʮʥصĸ߲㲻ܽϣѴϣȻѰڵļ壬Ȼ׵ɣϾҿһǼǿ߶ûС
ȻҲ֪ʲôӦѾµһЩ׳΢΢̾Ϣ
ǰϸ½ǰвһЩϸ˾صߣҲֹ
׳ǽʱ䷢һ˵˳
׳ɫʱѿ
û뵽Ȼô㡣ɫأ΢΢̾һ
׳ԣϸ߻ãϾǼȫӦҪ֪׳ȻֻǼһصΪȴõ׷ĴУﲢ٣пɽϸȻ塣
ǼȴͬĲ²⣬ǰǼٶˣҼÿһ֮ϣǹؼʱ̣콣ŵֻ³鷳ˡ
Щʥأ伫
ɫ䣬ʥصǿߵԳӵֱӶ֣ȴǴ˳ĵߣжɱ
ȻǸͱҲˣɱ
ԸЩˣõİ취ǽǴ£֪ڵԼѾϸߣ
ϵܣȰ㻹ǲҪ¶棬츳ĳɾͣҶ޷¶ȣȫ԰пޣʵڱ׳ܵϵɱæ
ȻΪ׳ֱЩеǼ߲٣ʵ֮ϣǿУԳڵʵп׳˼ȫڰУʵ㹻Ժڱ
ϸģҲûյ顣΢΢һЦɱӿһ֪ҳҲǺ۸
Ѿ׳в̾һ뻹̫ʢԼķâôȻͼһʱʹ죬ȴԼ޴Σգ䡣
ȻϵѾʲôҪϸģ޷׳ҧҧ
뵽УϾɲǳ֧֣һɢޣ̤ǼҲȫܺȡΪ˳ҳͷп϶Ը⡣
ڼʶʵ֮׳ѡվ˳ߣѩ̿Ŀɹ󣬳츳ֻҪɾ;Բͣ
׳һѣ
ϸʱΪҳĹˣ򣬲ʲôΣգһңʱ׼ҷΣաЩжȴҡҡͷ
׳ȻǼһصΪʥ֮УΪûʲôԱ֮Ҳ뽫ǣС
ϵˣ׳ȻʵǿЩҲ䴳׳Ц
Ȼϸ˵ҪֵʱһЦŵ
ǽãĳ룬ѾǵǸ쾳Сӣںϣڵ֮֮ϣ׳֮ϡָ㣬׳İСһ׳ࡣ
ǳ뻹ڣ׳ͱչȥˡ
ϣǸ뿪׳ǡ
׳⣬׳ȥĳ룬૵һĲ۵СӣȴָСϣ
뵽׳ȴҡͷЦǸ˵еľ磬ô״ﵽҲֻôˡ
ֻҪӲ׼˵ܸһ¥׳һâ
Լ׳ޱȵ츳ǼѾǼޣһӣ¶ѳԽǼء벻ͬԳչֳ츳ȫп̤Ǽ۷壬ʵԪ֣Ǿ޵еǿߡгշ׼ұȻܹһ
ôʱദ׳ҲǷּ֣ΪӸߣҲΪ֮ǰŻҧӦ롣
һ·Уһʱǻص˺ǡ
ϤĺǣܵǰŵϢһɱһǳȥ
ЩһȻʱ䰲˲٣һֱڰУһʵ޷κǡԺ΢΢̾Ϣ
ǰҲһʱˣȻΪͱ콣ţЩеʱ٣ȴףΪϹŴУЩһ콣ŵʵҪԸôǼߣһ׵顣
콣ʷϴδֹţΣƴҵҲҪסҡһâ콣̫ҪҪ콣ţ¶ǰΪ˻סңԼҲϧ


339 
һŶŵҪԣޱȵô콣ŶǾŴڵ׵ţò׳˳һȻҪȫɳ
ţ
ͻȻһ޵ϢڳңϢȻﵽǼΣ㱻ƭȥ
ôĵӣ֪ٴΣȻǰҵֶλ̫ƽһЩɱӿɫ̳
ಡ
Ҫȥ׷ǹϢʱһӰӹѾլԺڡ
룿
ˣʱס
ͻȻֵӰǱˣǳ롣
Ϊ
ų룬һţǰĳȻѾﵽǼزΡ
Сӽͻơ΢΢һЦ
Ȼôͻˡһ̾ҲϹս򣬿ǽϹսǺķ˽ʱ䣬̤ǼѾǺܿˣҪ֪֪ߣϸ۷Ρ
ôѵ֪عæ
ϹŴУһ֣֪ߵĿӣ³̤ǼܵסЩǰߡ
֪Ϊ֪ҲŻɫһ
ѵ롭
ܵϵɱ⣬ɫ͵һ䣬ȻɱӺЩߣҪ֪Щ֮УǲǼصߣҲֻң콣Է׳֡ҲΪʲôңֻҵԵʣʥǰ̫࣬ʵ콣ţܹסѾǲˡ
룬𣿡еȥʲô壬һʱӢۣ˵Լϣ츳ʮ꣬ΪȥˣʥظҴע⣬οսڼüʮ꣬˵սǶûʱ˼㡣
˵ĲԳ츳һʱ䣬Ϊȥܹвߺ٣콣ȻԪ߸ܶ֡ҴսڼǼ꣬ս͵ñʱ˫ɱ漰Ŵ˭ϵĴУ
ģҼȻôȻһЩգҿɻ΢΢һЦ
ԣһ㶣һֱǷ棬Ѱ߳죬ʱĻҲЩĬаա
ʵڵʵѰǼ߶ҵĶ֣ǼصҶԱ뿪ڵ
㲻˵Ц
һæ
ΪȻǲʵǼسڣ츳ܹǼ۷ߣѾǼޡȴû뵽ȻӵлǼصս
ע£΢΢˵ͷ֣صģ֪ϣû˵ѡ
콣ѵһšи̾
Զʮ֮䣬ͻǼǼؾܻǼصߣ
νѵһţ˵ͻһʵϣ궼δܼһֻƽ֮Уܹƽһѡʵϣ콣ڵʷϣţܹŽǰ
Ҫ֪⻹Ϊе˫һֵ¶콣ڵһˡ
ôʲôҪϵģ֪ѾҲæʵ
ȻʵԻѰǼصߣǰ߲٣ǼصǿߣԳʵһܻʤ¶ҪĶӡ
ʱһסˣҵǹǽԳҲɫ
ֻһˣ򲻹ȫӣʮ꣬ʲô£ɳҲУĿǰǿҲϸأֻһϸߡʮʱ䣬߶ԣһõʱ˷ѣ³̣⼸ˣˡ
һӦЩǵ
Ͼǰʥأһ֣ǼصߣҴ⡣
İɣ㲻УҲԱ΢΢һЦ
ȻˣҾһѣҪסһ²ΪһҪԱΪвܳǿɫ֣ص
˵ͷϸڣҲ֪ǰŵĴʵ
ѪǲһλǼصߣͬʱѪ˵ڣĶǼصǿߣʼߣֻǰ𹬺ĵȻûǲᡣһλߣԣһλɢޡҲóΪֵĵطϾɢ޸֪ϹŴе顣
ɢӦǻʼһǲֻΪݣαװɢ޵ӡ밵
Ȼ֪ɢһɳȴûзϣΪѡֵѪλǼصߡ
ɱӺҲɱһֻǿ׳ļôܸܵв

峿ͬһǿʼһǼεЩײ߶ԣʵ̫ңԶûӰ쵽ǵ
ѪڤµĴͳ֮һθȡϹŴеǿߡ
ԭغ콣Χģһ֮ǰͻȻϢѾ뿪콣ڣŸǡ
˼Ǵֱץȡҵĺ󱲣Ƴû뵽콣žȻǲһǿǰ׳Ǳ߻һ׳ڰǰᴫеʥǿ߱˴˽䱸Ҳֻܷ㡣
ȻԳӵܵƣȴû̫⣬ܹץס֮رȳȻ޷ȣţʵҪԸ룬Ҳ׾١
Ⱥһµʱ䣬붼ûɴֱںʮСס
룬Ȼ˶Ķֻ֣ʵӽѰǼˡڤָǰʱһȻǲЩȣҪ֪ˣɶǽ״ӡȻֻϸ۷ΪʵϣǼһص߶ǵĶ֡
ϹŴУֻҪܵõڵĵλȻϹŴУҵʵܸһ뵽ϹŴУбǲЩ
ǰϹŴУЩǼ˾ص߶ԣмȥɶԣȴһ޴ĻԵһõϹŴУȻԽϹŴнʵ١ΪҪǣ˵ϹսõٵıǿϹսı㼸ȫһҪࡣ
䡫
ɱ˳ϹŴкͱʱһǿϢȻһ̣һɿµܳסϮ
ã
ܵϮĿܣɫһ䣬һ㣬ηӣ˲˳ȥ
䡫
һ̣һµľ촫ڵס˲һƬ档
޴춯ͬǾСϵߣǿµܣֵܹġ
ӡӡ
˲䣬Сϵ߷׷׾ӴܣһУܽɴСլԺΪƽأʵЩ߿Եֵġ
˭
һԾնĿŲԶӰһϮӦʱ¶Ҫˡ
ΪĴͳ֮һ³Թȴ
Ѫ̣꿴Ѫӣȥ֡
ǳ룿
Ϥ꣬һ㶣зˣѪ̵Ϣֻϸ۷Ϊ½ͻƣҲǼһصΪɴ˿̣ȴܸܵԷϵԪѾǴﵽǼصĲΡ
ôܣŶãȻ̤ǼأһţϹսʱ䣬̶̰ʱ䣬ʹϸ۷ͻƵǼأǺεȿµٶȣ


340 ȫ
ΪѪڤĴͳ죬۽ȻοһѪгԽ괴Ѫ̬
Ҫ֪ʮʥأÿһʥأҲֻһλԪߣͳԴĻʼڣҲֻһλԪߣ
һѪ̣ȴһλԪǿߡǵѪ̵治䣬ѪλԪʮʥΨһλԪǿߵţ
һѪ̽˵ͬޱȣɾѪ̽ڳ͵ʱҲֻǰ벽ǼΪ˵ԪʱҪһ߻Ե츳ͬʮҪǼ۷嶼޷ﵽ̸γԪ
ڳչֳ츳ȴ˿£ԽһѪ̽
ľʱף˰ڳУĲԹǸοɱȡ
Ȼ츳ȴû̫ģ֮ǰһҲǼصӣвҪ֪͵Ϯ֮£û˵Ȼ³롣
ĵǼصߣǽǿߣƴ֮£Ҵ⣬ٶһһԣвСΣա
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ⷬ̽ûзߵϢ˻Ц룬㻹ǿȻһ
ⲻ𣿡ɫƽ
оâЦɱ㣬ϹŴкϵıҵˣ
ڸղţβԼţ»ܲУһ޴ı⣡
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߲ҶСҲͲɣɱֻҪ΢ƶһ£¶Ҫǡ
߻ãӵù죬ЩߴʱС֮У˽ನ𵴣СǾҵĻζӰٵӴܣͷһء
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ף֣´ӣʱ򴫳кͱƽΣͻȻ
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׵ԣɫЩ
ţǺʮ֮һ˵ţɺôҲʮţǿ߲٣ǼǿߣˣںҲǸ߲ˡȴѪ͸Ҷû˿Ĳ
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һγ͸¶ŵϢͬʱҲһҪǾҪԲԼŵĽɱ


346 Ϯ
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ÿһܹ뼫ŵĵӣԼΪֻǵײߵ뷨סڼŵĸ߲ԣޱȵţҲںЩݣǿѡ
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ֻҪǼ߲һѪ̻ʤȫؽţȸļŸӵǿ󣬸ӵĻԻͣѡ˲˾


347 
ŴʱѾһţ߸һ¶֮ɫϸߣʱҲһǡ
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ԼŸֻǹȥ̶̵İ죬ȴľˣźôҲǺţ׵ĸǻҺͿվ弫źѪ̹ᣬʮʣµľŸվһ㣬ֻĺѾΣɼˣڵߣȻǵĲѡ
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һȺʱڰУʱܷϮѪߣܷġ
ԣüͷһ壬̾һҲףһЩߣһǰģ¾ͲЩˣʵǿߡ
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콣ںͻʼͬһ΢콣ڶԣͬʲôϢ㳲֮ȫѡ
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ȻһսʧСʧһЩǣɱϾҲѪ̵һЩܾɫ
΢΢ͷ
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ǵĴǻʼԲãѪѾƿشҪƳɲףǿȻĿǰȴõİ취


360 ս
һݣֻʣҴûԡ
΢˼Ƭ̣ڵҲʮֵͬĽ顣
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ЦҡҡͷóִģսԪҲǺ̫˽֣˵ǽ֣ʵǱ׷ɱѡ
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ĵǣڳͬҪ֪֪󿤱Ѫռʱ򣬴սδʱ䣬ϢѪ̸ûתƵ˼Ҳ˵ʱ䣬Ѫһֱڡ
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Ϊͳ죬ָһǧϸߣЩ߷׷׽սսǾͨõսǱȲս󣬿սȴһôǾʺϴսɱһս󣬿Ա˴˽ϣս˴˽ϣǼߡ
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΢΢ͷԪĳսһҲЩŴսʱŻʹãѰʱʹս
Ǿս󣬻ǳս󣬶ʺϴģɱʵԲߡ

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ǿƿ󿤵Ĵһ㣬ֻѪ㣬ͬò󣬶ĵ󴢱Ԫһ˿ȵļ󣬳˾ͻֹ

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ǱҲϢѪ̵˳ˡܾɫ֣ص
ѪǴ濪սˡ
Ȼ˲ٵߣʵϣɳҲֻ֮һң󿤵ߣȴȫۼ˿ǣһ˳ǵϸ߶ȫټڿǣڵŸˣʱ󿤿ǻһеϸϵߡսʵ߲
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һӰԿӳЩ߶ԶͣڰգȻǴﵽǼĲΡ
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ûô򵥡üͷ΢壬һ˿֮ɫ
Ѫ̲֪ܲɱܵĿܼ˵ߵƣǸЦһδսϸ߽֣ͳָӣ֣Ϣʵսеϸ߸û̫ġ


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λԪ֣߳ʵлӳΧģλԪߣŲòƵѡͬھ
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ʵ벢֪̫Ȼʱ䲻ɺôҲмλԪߣսڻԪԣǱȽϳġҲ֪սĲ֮λ߲󣬶лλϸߣֲ³ս۵ޣԿǼصߡ
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Ǿ޵һ˲䣬׹ս󣬿ǻԪʵɱսֶΣֻǾޣԿⳤϣ˵һԻһλǼصѪ̳ǣƣʼڵĳϼѹƵûʲô֮
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֡һɵǰ
ǵʲô󷨣ȻԻ۳ǿޣ֮ǰǾͻȻɱѪ̵ĳ͵ϮǳϼʱӦˡɫޱص


362 
սһʼɵ˸û̫⣬Ͼ߲ݸлʼڳǼصߣķ֮Уʵǿġ
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ۣ־סǾޡ뼱æڵ
Ծ޺Ѫ̳ϵ֣ʼڳԲУ
ʲôֶԸޣ
˻ɼɫ͵һ䣬Ǿ޵սǿǼ֮ǰһǼ߽ɵս󣬱Ǿһ飬սڵ˲䡣
ȻǽɵսսӽǼأǾ޿Ǽصս֮ǰȻɧţɲûĽ֣ǺԵУǸǾ޵Ķ֡
룬֪Ǿ޿ǿǼصʵɫص
Ȼսʼ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻȥҲû˻ɵǾʵޱȿ£ܹԸġ
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ðɣһԡҧҧͷ
Ϊһļ̳ˣһڣҲֻܴӦ
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޴ĽھϣǾ޶ԣ·һ㣬޷˿
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һˣǽֱӱ˵飬ǽ𵴣Ϯ㷺һɢ¶µߣһۿȥ֮ࡣ
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ĿԣɱŷѪ㻹ǳ룬˿̶ҪնɱԷ
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ʵȻҲףž޴ޣԲɱ
һԵɵˣҲǳᣬϳ֣һµĽ£Ǿ޶ԣûκε˺Ǿɵ˵Ĺֱɱ˳롣
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һĻɵ˵ɫһ䣬ʵȻҲΪܹ濹Ǿ޴ޣǿǿǼصܡ
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ɫЩÿǾٶȺ͵ãȷ㣬ҲҪ֣ǼϵߣȻǿ󣬿ʵϲûʲôƣԳ룬Ǿ޵ȴޱȵԡ
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޾צӶˣزϻζջǿ󣬷ӦԶѰ֮ϣܡ
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ڳǾ޾ʱһƣ
벢İˣǱˣǻʼڵĳϡ

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˳ϵҲǷ׷׳ˡ
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Ҫ֪֮ǰͱ͵ϮˣѹƺѪ̵ĳɱãҲǵ˼ޣǳһѹ¶Ѽֵڡ
Ϸ˵ҩĻ֮£˻ָ
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Ҫ֪ϿΪǿսˣԻʼһ޴Ĵ
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ɵĻ˵ɫ͵һ䣬һ˵ֻҪ㹻ϸߣѪ׾ͿͿǼص޳
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363 
ĿɨˣҾ֪Ǵ󣬻иΪϿҪ󣬲ߣֳ֣Ͳߣ൱в൱ۣҪһλʵǿߵ֮ٿشеײߺв߱˴˵ʵ̫ܲ󣬷
սԪ磬ʲô󷨣ȻûУҲ֪ٹڳս飬֪٣սȻ£ҲǼࡣ
룬˵Ŀǵ棿ܾü
¹ش󿤳һ˿µĴѪ̲ܲطãϢ϶ҪһʱϱңڴȻ֮ء
ЩԭϹսģʱû⣬οӦûҸղѪһл׷ɱǣǲûг֡뿪ڵ
ЩϢԪ֪ģһ㣬Ȼ˵
һԵɵ˵˵ͷ֮ǰǾ޽ֹھ޵Щ˽⣬ϳĻΪͬ
һǺͻɽһֻзãü
ˣһԵʵޣ߶ĴޣɴĶǼΪԿȻԪǿߣԪܡҡҡͷ
սȷʱֻڷʹãǾԵģɴΪ㹻ȫԳʱɱԪ磬һЩǿóս󹥻ϳҲֻһƬ磬ޣ󿤵ĵ̸޷óһǼɵĳս
Ԫεܣ
˻˵ɫһ䣬Ԫǿڵһ޵еĴڣǼ۷ߣҲԵֵסԪһ
Ԫһʱ䣬һ̤룬׾ܻǼߡ
Ȼճ֮ǰĻóǼεĳսѣѪ̶ԣǲҪ֪ѪǱ߿ĸʥأĸʥ֣ȫпܲóĴ
һȻԪʵǿ߼ս֣ȫӰ쵽սĽ
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λǴʲô취ɿڳˣڵ
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һҪѪ̴ϣǳսǲڵսǲսһ޴ѣǵǿս󣬿ºܻܿǡ
ҪǻԮɣЩε
ǸεǿߣѾҲڶĿʵȴҪݸǰ
սʥصͻֵۣݣݺͲݵĵˣǱ߻вٵǼΪ׼ʱ֧Ԯط
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Ͽǻǿߣ˲֪ٴεɱȻѪ̵ĳսǼصΧǵֵƲ̫ء
սֹڵʵȷѶԸԮҲ֮١Ͽɣ˵
ɼ״æͷǵ˼ƭϣֻǶԷڿ棬ûеҴѡ
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ҲһڴĿų룬һԮǲСĴͬҲܷԣΪòõİ취
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364 漱
󿤣
ʼǱޱȳصգѪ࣬ÿһߵϼЦݡ
ֻǸղŵһηǼ˻ʼʮ֮һʧȴһٶ˶ѡǼʧˣɻʼȴʧʮˣһսǴȫʤ
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˻·˶ǵ˵ͷǼصʵһ֮иûУֻܿʼǱ֧Ԯ
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˵ɫЧѾﵽѪ㲻ЦŵʼȻѪ´ÿһսһȴǲŻʼôǼϵ߿ǲ
ǼϵߣɲǴײˣʥأҲǼٵģһʥأǼϵߣҲʮ˶ѣ»ʼʥ֣ȥϳǼߣܹܹǼߣҲһٳͷ
ݼڴսȺ󷽻ãݱ߽ǰߣĴǲңսһʼǼص߼С

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Ҳһδεĳ˸߲С
ݼȫԮλʲô취λãһü
һĻʼܻ͡ԪĻһαչض꣬ôʱ䴦ڵڸʥأԪ棬ĵƣƽȴ뵽ŵĹ֮С
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ս漱ֻɳԮˡһҧ
ս½չ˳ǶԣһСĴɲΣһսǶ䣬ǲԮ취
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ǰ߻ãϾʼǲرȻһ⧲ʧСҲܳܣսΧǲһЩߣҲܹԸǺ󷽲ͬ󷽵ļ֮طɢޱȣǲԮǰҪٵʱ䣬Ҹضɱа˾ŴսҪǲ˾λǼϵǿߣ
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ϢĪԮܻ͵ɫЩÿ죬ضԮȻʼ׼˺ҲûôǿǲȥǲǿǰҲҪʱ䡣
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һ죬ѾԮϢͷ۲ѣʱȻԮϢвɴϲȴǵãݵ󿤿ǱѪռˣռһ֮أѪ̲ûжǡ
ϴϢǻа취Ը󡣡ĪϿڵ
а취Ը󣿡
˻һڳɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼûۼ󣬿ǲǴǰ߻Ǻ󷽴ԮϢʾޱȵĿ£ɴʱȴа취Ըǿβ
취ǳģڻû飬»ҪϼʱСĪæ
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ŲԶսĳˣϵ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ɿµϢѾﵽǼصĲΣɵֲ֪սҪǿ󡣸Ϊµǣս󣬷·һʵâ¶˲ֱӡ
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˿µĴ󣬻ܹԸѪǳս󡣡вЩڴ
ǳսֻܴﵽǼأ涼ǿҪ֪ս࣬Ǽصսδûһս֮
ϣͽ̣
Ŀ⿴Զϣڵ
ȻɣɵܷԸǳս󣬾Ҳû̫İգϾսһβãȴǺǳսɱֹϵļ飬ǿ׵ĲԳǷӵкһսʵ


365 ֮
ϵĿɨ󣬴ǽ֮ϣȻܵһ˿ΣȻǰĽ󣬾ԲֻܴﵽǼô򵥣򲻿ָܸоҪ֪ΪһΣĸӦʱ۾ĻҪʵ
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콣⣬ǽɵ콣⣬ôܣܾһ
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֪ʲôսȻȴ޷⾳ѾɵĹʶҲΪʲôһǼ߰ΪߣսԵʣϾʵ⾳⾳ʵ϶սҲһһ
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ʵһ㣬Ҳٲ֪֮ǲߣͬһֽ⣬ǽܻܴ㲻ֽͬ⣬ֻҪս⣬ȻٿؽߵĽ⡣򵥶ԣٿؽߵʵǸѰս󣬽ֻܶѡ
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ֻǴ֮ĸĵã΢΢һЩ㵵Ŀų롣
ĵøʵڻʼʵԣ㲻ʲôϾĳȥǶԣҲ˿ʧ˵ǵʲôûиõȴһԸıսĽô㣬ʼڶռ˴ˡ
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ͨҹˡϼΣ̾һزﻹףͨѾҹ룬ֻһЩϸߣЩ߻ǰڣͻΧͶû˵ֵ
ĵֿΪǿңϾһɱƿؿǴģȻǿңֻмλǼʿ£޷Գвʱ󿤣Ѿڻʼڵƿ֮£󿤴ٴα¡
ϧЩǼˡǰ̾һһ·ϸûʲô̫ĵֿЩǼߣûô֣ո󿤡
޷ˣӰҲֻҪ󿤣͹ˡƽ
ߵȻǼһս֮УЩǼӰ첢󣬶ǻҵĺ󷽣ǱѪռ죬ǲһУòСģֻҪƿ󿤣ʼڵĿľѾﵽûϣѪݻһЩҲڷʲô
ոϢѾ㱨ڣΪλ빦ϵĿɨˣЦ˵
һ󿤣ڳˣòСսЩսڻҶһٵĽؼҩǳأԶһȻǰһսܹʤ
ϴ˻϶¶ϲɫ
⣬ڻǲ¿֮ǰ󿤵İȻλͬʱڰеѪϿˡ
ǣ
˵˵ͷ
Ȼһ󣬻ʼո󿤣սս飬ͬ٣Ѫռ󿤣󿤶Ѫ̵ƿ֮£Ѫ̵͸ÿһܽЩеո󿤣Ҳ
󿤣ںҲҵ˲ٵıÿ˵õһʲСĿȫһҪࡣҪ֪ЩֻǺ˺µġ
ʼո󿤣ܿǴ̶̼ʱ䣬Ѫƿص󿤱ǱոڴսĻʼһһ޴Ĺ裬رĳ֣ʼӦѪֶΣ˫ת䣬ʼһδϷ硣
֣Ҳ󿤵ոһ̣˶֪ݵһš


369 ʶ
ݣȪڡ
˴ʱɫǼΪѿ󿤱ʼոֻһĵʧѪʿӰ죬һεľ޴رսĳ֣Ѫѹ
ϣоսҲһʱ䣬а취ƽ⣿Ŀ⿴棬ɫص
ԣȴһЦҡҡͷսʮ⣬ȻоҲֻǷ֣սĹؼǲٿ󷨵ߣսȫΪǲٿ󷨵߷ƽ֮
⻰һͷۣսŸոտãԭȡõƣȻת˲䣬͵Ȼ޴棬Ѫһ޴Ĵǰ߶Щֲסļ
ѵûһ취𣿡Щʵ
Ҳûа취߹ǿȫӦԣϾҪʵǵսҪɲ٣ֻҪһսǾһս󡣡濴ڵ
һЦҪȷҪ࣬ɾ࣬ҪȻ٣һƣеȴӳ
֪Ѳ͸òϧһдնɱӡһ
һǼСûзϣ˭֪һСһս󣬾ȻŤתսֵĹؼԭȡòСƵѪ˲ɥʧеơ
ҵǶ룬ԽԽȤˡ΢΢һЦ
սļֵȴףһս׼ֵαԪ
Ҳ´ǸսӦһ󣡡һâڽ˽Ŀɲǳܹġ
Ԫ磬ս󣬳ս󣬶׽Ӵ뽣սȴǼΪټһЩӵСҲŹȴû뵽һƬ׽˵еĽ
֪Ԫ磬һս󣬶ЩĲ֮أײ⴫̫ż֮УҲֻгսѡ

ããдս콣ڵʵһɣһսȻպõĲ֮Ҳޱȵļ
Ҫ֪һս˭Ҳ˵ԼܹǻԪ߶ô˵һսȥ߲֪١һʱɱ콣ҲвСʧ˳ս󣬶콣ڶԣһɱϾ콣еĵӶнսߣҲǸʥģҳֽͬߣ콣ڶҲ¡
սŸոտʼѪ̲ô򵥡Զһɫص
Ѫ̼ȻҷһսԲֶֻΣҪ֪ڵĴսֻǻԪµߣսʤģǸʥػԪսֻʥػԪߣмɵûԷ֮ǰ׳֡

콣š
֪ոϢҲһĸˣϾ֮У󿤱Ѫռ죬Ժвģһ㣬ʮֵ
ݻԣһδսŤתʤĹؼǳ룬նɱһλǼصߡһп
Ǽصߣ
һŵĿǼصߣûУֻݸŴڣǸεǿߣݣΪǿߣ֮УҲǸΡ
û뵽ʵѾɳزһ̾
һ·֤ųĳɳɳÿÿԤϣһθǳո󿤵ĹؼڣǵԤϡ
ѾԶԶԽǣֻû뵽ô죬㵱һսĺܶԡ
ʵսڻвٳϷԣһʵڴս֮УӰ첢󣬶չֳ츳пܱѪ̲ϧ۲һսΣռ
󣬻飬ó뵽һս֮С
һЦֻԼ֪óһսǱߵҪ󣬸պԣ콣Ҫ󣬲ȻҲ飬óһս֮С
ûǿʵгɳġ𵱳պԼ˵һ콣ڵޱȾ塣

ʶʼڡ
˵Ļ㱨Ҳ¶ϲɫΪս󣬻ߵΣ̽Ѫ˲СʧĺϢҲһ˲ѡ
ռƣӦóʱƣЩغ󷽵Ѫγֻǲܼݵвӳ
ڵ˶ǵ˵ͷݱѪƿأҲսǰߣȻгս󣬿ѹȻ󣬵󷽵Ĳȣȴûʼڸ鲻ǰǰ֧Ԯ
⣬λ󿤿ʲô飿ӵĿ⿴ˡ
ѾʼոȻǲһɿ֮ǰƿأҪǲһ
ϷΪ˼ҲҲʵ򿤳ǡһ߿ڵ
˼ң
׵üͷһ
˼һһʵӵݼ壬ʵڻʶֻһ㣬һ֮أҲ㹻˼ҵҳҲҪɣЩ˼ҼŮʱ򣬻Ҿͳ׵ĵ
ȻˣǾ˼ǰȥˡ΢΢ͷһǵĿڳ˶ԣôںֻҪڻҵƿ֮£⼸ˡҪ֪Ҷݣ֮ĿƿؾȨӻҺɡ
֪λԳνͻȻ
˻˲ɳĬ
ĹͲνһҪ׳ս󣬻ұȻҪԴһʼܹո󿤣̶ܴϣҲΪ롣ڳ룬ȻܲЩԻЧߣôܼΪЧ
Ȼ´󹦣̫ǳҸ㲻ϡһ̾һ
˵´󹦣ֱӽ󿤴裬˶òףƿһɲǽֻһǿ߾еģһƿؿǵļ壬ʮλǼߡҸ̫ǳ޷ƿһҲΪʲô֮ǰҳ󿤿ȫǺ˳ҡ
΢΢ͷҲԲ٣΢Ƭ̺󣬲ǿڵˣں鼸ǳظңͬʱһЩԴ
˻˲ɵ˵ͷԳڵƿؼǳأЩ˳룬ǿߣҲֻϸԴڻҶԣ㲻ʲôԳҶԣȴΪʣοֱӿڣǵֱֳ֧ңԳҶȴһ޴Ϣĳǳؾۺ죬ҲҶԳʲô뷨ںұɻҪ콣ŵ֧֣л֧֣ǳң

ʱţһתۣոѾȥ죬ǲ¿Ѿ·ϣصѪҲ٣ϣѾָƽ
ֻ󿤵Ŀ֮Уһ˿Ѫζ̶ʮʱ䣬ȥ߱ǧˣ⻹ڳɱߡ
ЩͶѪߣʼ߸û˿飬ֱնɱֻǽǵļʱ䣬ȥ߱ǧˣ
룡
ձչؽϱǼæ
ϣѵǿǳˣżӣ뼱æ
ǿǣǰߣǰѪͻȻһǿߣǳԿСʱ󷽰٣ڴǰǰߡæ
һǿߣ
ɫ΢䣬Ѫ̹ȻеĸӦ֮£Ȼеûó
е߶ǰڼϣϵĴ֮ǰǰߣ֪㡭Ͽ룬ʵоͨսǰǰߣһս
ʲôʱ׷ʵ
죡
ȥ
û˿ԥǴӦ


370 ǰ
ҴӸߣȻսѾ˼ΪΣյزȻʼڲܳ󷽵սҪ֪Ȼո󿤣ʵϣвȻɱ󷽲ûг׵ȶʱʵǼΪΣգһ󷽳⣬ʼڿ¾Ҫ˲õĵز
ʲôǿߣȻܹ˲Ťתս֣üͷ΢塣
Ҫ֪ԴӻʼڵõϾͲֹһἰʼѹסѪ̣ȡ˲СսڣżʱȥʼھȻٴδƣòطǰ֧Ԯ
Ҫ֪ǵߣʵǼΪޣһ֮УҲǼصߣʱ򣬳󷽵ߣһʵǿսǰսµʲôز
ܿ죬׼ǰʼڵ߿ʼ׷׼ÿһɳһǼߣһʮˣеǲ󿤵ߣҲǲȴݸ֮ǰʶߣҪǰߣнʮˡ
ߣ
Ϊ֮ʵǿߣȻȻĳ˵죬ʮ˳ʶȥ
˶ǼΪΪ˰ȫ֮ǰͳֲ½ˣһ˳ȥĶ飬ǼصߣûκεΣա
ǲҵսǼߺϸߣȫҪս⻹ֻǸտʼսϷչ»Ҫǿߡ뿴ߵˣипѣҪ֪һսڳˣ֪жܹ
ս󷽶ǱȽϰȫǳո󿤣ԵߣҲֻǼضѣҪ֪ݵսǼصߣҲǳ֮ǰĴս֮УѾǼص䡣

ʶ֮⣬һӰӶ
ǽӵϢӸݸߣЩһʮˣʮˣݻҲˣÿһǼεߣûǼµߡ
ÿµĴ󡣡
ԶĻʶһâһǰʶʱѾʶĿ£ǴʱΪŷ֣ʶԶĻҪ¡
Ǽ߻һһеǼǿ߻Ҫ࣬ƿص֮أ۳˶ߣЩĵ̡
ಡಡ
һӰӣʶȥʶ͵֪ǰϢȷ˵ݣ̷С
ʶ֮Уǽֹյģ׼˽ʶǱֱӽʹ
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ڻʹ֮£˺ܿһɿɱߡ
ʹͻʼһдıȻ޷ͻʼȣҲﵽǼصĲΡ
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ˣ
еˢˢĿ˹ȥ
ֻһӴӴһϢǿǼǿߣЩǼߣÿһǼϵΪеߣûʵ
Ӹǻ֮ϣĿ⿴·еߡ
ݼ£
ڣ߶ɫһ
ȻߵΪһ̶ȣܻȨԼˣұǻʼڣʮʥص֮ĵһʥأ
ӿ·ߣһʱҲ緢Ҫ֪ʵۣʵжǿǡǡ෴֮ϣ츳ߣ£ŻΪһĻʵۡɾˣӵΪҲǼصΪǴڵߣԶԶ
˴δս֪սж߻ĿɨˣԼܷ˵
ȻΪʵۣʹҲǼصĳ򣬿һսԪ߶˵һܹȥοһǼصߡ
λҲѾ֪֮֡ӵĿɨˣһѪңսϯѾѪƿأս֮Уһս˶޿ɱ⡣
·ߣСš
֮أݣǰսʮֲʼҲܳط߲սǰߣԴԤϡ
Ѫ̶ֶ꣬ڶ࣬һңͬвٵѣһսǱʤɫ
ʤ
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λڻʶϢϵĴ֮£ǰǰߣϣλҪҺĺһҾԲҡ
ǣ
˺ȻӦ

Ϊ˰סԪҲΪŨһҹֱڶɫŽĴǰ㡣
һǰǰߣɲֻǵطʼڣɳ˲ٵǰ
ʼڵϣһλֵǼߣһͰģ
λ˴ǰǰߣ˽ֳǰǰߡߵĿɨˣ˵
ǰߣĿǰսΪҵĵط֮⣬һݻʼںѪڽ˴˫˭Ҳκβ˭
һ뱻ݣѪħŵĵ̡
ڻʼߵĴ֮£һһٶˣݵķȥΪ׵ߣһλǼصߡʮ֮С
໢Ҳʶڼʱ򣬱˴˾ѾʶڳţҲΪ͡
Ŀǰٶȣ֮Ӧܹеݡ໢ۼٸ·ˣЦ˵
𣿡΢΢ʣʱ䲢㳤Ҳ̣˵ʵٶȼǼˣٿ죬¾߸϶顣
ϣѪ̵ɳʲôǿߣԭռôͻȻ·硣Щʵ
˵Ҫ׳սǿ£Ҫطˡ໢̾һǳսܹԸ󣬻ʼǰ͸漱Ԯˡ
ԭս֮£ȡ˲СջһȽѪ̵߱Ƶ˻ݾڣǾ֮ǰѪһͻȻִߣЩʵΪǿ󣬶ǿһˣܺսɱǵǣ֮£ʧء໢̾һ
ǿ󣿡
üͷһ壬ʥأԼĹʵҲǺĵЩѡ
ѵЩĵˣü
ǣĵǲ˲ٵǰ󣬿ڵǿߣ˽Բĵˡ໢ҡҡͷ
һʼҲĵͶѪ̣ɽһ飬ұף¸ͣĵ޹ءĵȻǿ󣬿ΪشģɱĵߣһǼʥ֮ٵģοĵͶѪ̣ȫûбҪɳǿ߼뵽ʼ
ųĵȴǷ֣ǶЩͻȻֵǿߣȻһ֪ؼЩǿߣǿսʶҲǼǿÿһԽɱеʵһɱʼڴܣ̶̼죬ͱ˳ݣǰߣֻԮ


371 
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üͷ΢壬ʵĵҲû̫ɣϾĵǺˬ֮ͶѪ̣ܼС
໢ԣųĵЩǿߵȴһء
ѪǱߵĸʥأóϣʼڣӱ˵Ǻĵȡ
̫ΪԪȻԪֻһСɵмԪߣһЩ幦幦ɲף̶̼ʱ䣬ȡʲôĳɾ͡ҪǿߣҲףοսʶɲеģҪϵɱγɡ
ʲôˣ
ɫޱأҪ˵ڻʲôصʵ򲻻ţϾ϶ʼڲûаϢ
Ȼ֪Щߵʲô֮ȴǵֵסǣʱһǰ߾͵ܡ໢һЦ
΢΢ͷ໢ԣڵĵ֮ǵЩʲôŤתǰߵİܾ֣鴦ЩǿߵǰܣһսǾ˴롣
һ·ǰУһ·֮ϣҲǼѵߣǰսǴսನɱЩߡ
һ·ϣɱ¾٣ȻΣգֻҪӽأҲ㰲ȫǰߣѪɱʼڴȥϸÿ춼֪ȥ٣Ѱߡ
ĵײ㣬ҵġǵѵߣ벻̾һһ·ѣܹ˲֪ж٣ߣѵ·ϣѾȥ
ս󷽻㰲ǰߵҸܲ໢̾һ
Ѱ߲֪ȥ٣໢Ҳֻ»ʼںѪ̴սڵĵˣЩֻԼѡ
ϸ·ĸ·ǰߣսѾƽݾڵ
˸еʱޱȵƽȴŨѪȻŸովһս
죬ù໢ɫޱأǿѪζߣеһ˿ʣﵽ׾ʲôĴս
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һ˿֮ɫǰߵսԤϵĻҪҡ
ߵ֮£˺ܿǽ뵽˿֮Уʱǣޱȵ壬ܹߵߣѾߣʱĿڣµ˿ڣȫʢ֮ʱʮ֮һ
Ϊǰߣפŵϸߣ֮࣬Ǽ߶֮࣬ǼصߣλĴսǳںܹġ
֣ǿˡ˸ոոϵһ߱ӭ
ϸ硣໢ˣ˹ȥսΣ
ˣ⼸ѪħŲϷʹ㹻Ԫ´͵ֵסɾˣǻвСʧףϵܶˡߣ΢΢̾һ
ףϵˣ
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Ȳ˵ЩˣǸϢһ󣬽δʱϢˡ̾һ
໢΢΢˵ͷһ·ҲǷ糾ͣ˼ûжٵʱϢٲ¾սҲ޷ӳ̫ǿʵ
䡫䡫
ڴʱ֮һըһϵĵ
ˡɫһޱȵѿ
⼸ʱ䣬ѪħŲϵĹ󣬻ʼߵҲǼżһηʼȴǴơ
֮УһµĹ£ϵĺŴ󣬴һµȴǿ֮£Ȼû˿ļҪ֪ЩвһЩǼǿȫֵܡ
ƺеɻ߿ڽ͵Ĵ;ӹ̣ǻԪǿ٣޷ƿ
ԭˡ
˻жǵ˵ͷڳߣǼΪͼʶǵĴ󣬿ǵĴȻǿҲûǿزǰĴԺѰǵĴͬ
ᣬѪħÿ춼ṥԪˣǻƲһƽ
ߵĻҲǷһ·˶ЩƣǴʱͶսֻܷӳ߰˳ɵʵ
ȻԣѪħŵĹȻ£ȴ޷κδҪ֪ۼ󷨵裬ʼڵ棬Ԫ֮ǿġ
ѪħŹһ󣬱ͣȻҲ֪㹥޷ƿֻĵʼڵԪЩٿش߸ƣѡ
ʱţһתۣʱȥǰߣҲ½˰ţΪݵĴ໢ǰµ
һ飬ҲǾѪħŻδӦ֮ʱһηϣܹѪħŵĹơ

֮ǰֵѪħǱһλǼصߣԭռƣǰһʱ䣬ǱͻȻλǼصߣ˵ļǲŻᱻȹ
λǼصߣʵҲֻʥزǲӵôǼߣǼصߣѵһ
໢ּ룬Ǽصս֮ϣڶԷһɱǻסԷǼصսҪǶԸǼߡһ߿ڵ
𹬵Ǽǿߣ֮ǰһսˣʱѾָĲ࣬Ҳʱ򷴻
˻˶΢΢˵ͷǼǸεߣҲҽ֣ԷһУɱǡ
սɱڣ˫˴˶ޱȵСģ͵ϮûãֱˣֱӳɱѪħŵפء
磬ǾȻҳսѰ·һЦѪħפش
ѪħͷŻʼڣפͬ´ȻĴ󣬿Ǽ򵥵ķǼʱͷʶֻ̽Ҫ˿ͻ̱
ಡಡ
һӰӶ˲ϰգЩߵΪǴﵽǼ
󣡡
һ£һֲԪһ̣һֻֻ޴ۣȻͷ֮࣬ÿһǵǼصĲΡ
ʼҲǺʾ˲ɣ˿Ǿ޵ǿϢ
ɱ
ûж໰Ѿɱε˫ֱɱ˶Է
䡫䡫
޿񱼶ɱЩɢǼߣɾһδεɱʼߵߣͬޱȵĽֻɱ˲䣬ɱ˹ȥ
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ս˲ɱһ𣬷Բɣǳ˫սɱսֱʡ
СĵȺĺ󷽣ǵڹؼʱ̳֣ȡһֻҪһ󣬶ս֣һ޴ת
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Զһµľ촫
ʹ죬һ޴һĿ˲ɱ硣
Ǿ˵ͻȻðǿߣǿӣϳ֮ǰͻȻðǿߡ
ָо
ܵԷɢϢȴǲǹϢ֮Уƺһ˿ͬѰ
ޣ
һâڶԷϢ֮Уܵһ˿޲ӵϢԷǲ࣬ޣֻطڸϢջ³붼һ˿ͬߵϢ


372 Ǽ
ޱȣƾŷڤĴڡԶɱȣǿߣǼصߣû֣ɳʶ֮£ǲ˶ԷϢ֮еһ˿
û뵽޻ʳȻΥԼǲǿ߲һս鷳ˡɫޱȵѿ
ԭʼڶѪ̣ռƵģ޻ʳļ룬һսʼڻлʤĿ
һ޻ʳǲǰ߲սЩǼصޣܶԸһս֮Уʵ̫Сˡ
СĵţѰŻᣬʱǴ߶󣬶ǼصޣҲǼΪĳ
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ԶɱƾǿͣεĽѹơ
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׼ʱȫ߶󣬻֮£һޱȿµϢһ̣һޱȵĽ⳯ȥ
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374 ʨ
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375 Բ
ʨ˵Ǵӻеޣ;֮ͨһڻ֮һ츳ϼߡʨмΪµѪȻѪ٣ɶаСʨҲ̤Ǽ۷塣
Ҫ֪޵츳ԣҪܹ̤࣬Ǽ۷ĸ֮еٮٮߡ
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ɶ񣡡ʨʹԴ̤Ǽ۷壬ѾܾûгԹ˴ˡ
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볤ĺһʨȫһΪԼû뵽ؼʱ̣ͻƣֱѹסʨǽӹһ١
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Ȼڻ˲Сɳȴھһ飬޷ƿصĸоκһ߾ͻƣһʧܣǾˣ
Բ밵ҡͷĵܿѰĵԲĲΣȴܸоԼڻϣԶԶûдﵽԲΣ໹С
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رʨͽʮ˵Ľ֣֮ǰʨ֮ǰˣʮ˶޷סԷɾʮҲ·磬ٶȼ죬ͱѹơ

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Ҳǿʼ׷׺󳷣յ裬ȫ
⣬Ѫħһڵˣɫޱȵν֣ʧʧν޻ʳǱλǼصߣֻѪħѾܡ
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޷ܹס㹻ˡʮЦŵ
ǱѰǼߣĸӵҪĳ룬ǽﵽ˵ԲĲΣֻҪ̤Ǽ۷壬лԪֻҪ䣬עǼ۷ǿߣ
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˻һԵ˶ǵ˵ͷΪ˲֪ٵٵ䣬ԣŲϣţˣҲˣ
˵ûϲСӣȻøȻͻƵ˴ԲΣ֪֪Բĵ򣬲֪Ľ˶ˡ׳Цŵ
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ԣ϶¶һ˿֮ɫȻеʱ̣ܶȴǼѣͻ飬ȫǻԵĿ׷ǾԶѹեͻƣ˵һξˣϾͻƵϣ̫ãˡ

Ѫħפء
ɫ·Ļ㱨ɫʱޱԭʤ㼫һսûȡ˿սȻʧһܲŭ
ǷλǼصǿǾȻҲܰܵ˲ңӵĿɨˣϾŭ
Ҳû뵽ԷȻ˽ʮˣͳսϣʨԮ֮ǰ罻ֵһɬ
ԭҲǺһĴ㣬ʨڰ͵ϮһɱԷһλǼصսȴû뵽ǱȵˡͽʮϣʨԮ
ߡһʨǼ۷ǿߣһǿߣҲ׷ԷΡ
ǸƵ󣬴ӾԲɫһҪֻ֪һսƵ֮ǰڳе߶нǧˣǼ߶ʮˡֻһ룬ǵʧǼߡ


377 Ӧ
˵ǰչֳ˲츳Ǳʵϣû̫ںϾǼһصǼ۷壬Ҫʱ̫ˣ궼ǱȽٵģܶһӶṳ̂Ǽ۷ǸΡ
չֳ츳ʱ򣬴սѾҪʼ˵һսʮ궼ǼΪʮ˵ܳǼ߶ȴǼΪĶݡô̵ʱ䣬ʲôɾͣͲӰ쵽սһ࣬һ١
ѪܣҲֻǲӰǰȥɱûǲǼ֮ǿǰΪĵף˸ûϡӰóɱҲǽֻǼµߣǶǼصߣӰ»û֣ͱˣ߶
ͺñȴһȻϳɳˣɾǵǸزڴԣȻûвڲͬʱĳ룬ѾϻӣһֻǣǷٳɳǡһɳв󣬴ʱѪħŵĸ߲㣬ҲĽ뵱һ޴вԴ
ǸЩ⣬ڵսԸһ߿Ц
⣿
һɫΪѿ
˱ǽԲ˵˳
˵ڵϣѾ̤˵ԲΣɫһ䣬һŵĿߡ
ԲǿǴųԪĿܡ
ѪħţŵԲߣҲֻ˶ѣһţһǰս
Ҫ֪ÿһߣܹﵽԲ߶ָΪ׵ã˵ľǵ֪ѪħţΪ̤ǼصߣʮˣɵԲģȴֻ˶ѣɼѶ֮
ôܣޱ𾪡
˵а꣬Ϊ̤Ǽأʲô֣ϾֻҪԴ㹻츳ȫпȻĴ̫ˣʥҲѳܵ𡣿ɳʮ֮꣬򣬾Ȼﵽ˵Բ
н粻֪ߣа˾Ű꣬޷֮򣬲򵽵Բ
Ȼûкͳ뽻ֹʨֵʱ򣬵Χﵽ˾ŰٶɣʨϵĻ棬ѹƵʧ˵Բʵ벻Ŀ϶һϿЦ˵
⡭ɫޱѿҲ֪ʨʵǼ۷壬֮򣬸Ǵﵽ˴ɵز֮ҲǼΪģʨѪϵĻ棬Բֻǵܱ΢ǿ߾ѹƵġ
ĵѹȴѹסʨϵĻ棬Ȼ˫ڵ֮ϣ༫󣬾ŰٶɵĵΧѾǴԲεĵ
ǵĹƣԳڵʵǼµߣ޷Ч˺̾
ԣɫһ任ǷŭǼʣĽޱȸӡȻһѪħŵʵʵֻǼسڶѣڳͬһţҪ˵ĽʣǲܵġΪĽʣӣŸһŵĿܡ
ѪħǰߵǿҲǼڣȻλǿߣرʨǴﵽǼ۷壬ɶԷҲ˽ʮǿߡ
ʨʵǿɱ˳룬֮ǰʨγ֣ʮޱȷһν֣һͻסʨߣҪնɱ룬ѣ
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Ҫɱ룬Ѫħսҳչֳǰ츳֮ﵽ˵ԲʼǱ߿϶쳣Сĵıɱ룬ѡ
һţɱ̫£Ȼڶʱ̤Ǽ۷ĿܺСɱ˵֮ǰ˭뵽Ȼ򵽵ԲΣ˭иұ֤벻ٶʱ̤Ǽ۷壿һ̤Ǽ۷壬սвСӰ죡ȻԼСڳ֮ǰı֣Ѫħһ˿Ĵ⡣
ЩʥأһޱȵСģһЩΣգᾡɱҡ֮С
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󽣵ȻҪԵʱʵһλԪߣ¶նɱ룬̫֮ɳλԪǿߣҪһʧʨӲȫοһԻȺǻӣһСĲѪħŶٲ
ǰĳ룬ֻ츳Ǿȣڵĳ룬չֳʵǸе𾪡츳ţʵǿߣʱĳ룬ѪħſѾһ߱вǿߣ
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ǾãӦóûѪħߣгһԲߣȻΪǿеѹƣܹΪṩٵİҪ̤Ǽ۷壬ɲô򵥣Ҫʱ䣬˵ս붼ṳ̂룬ǻصʲôã
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378 Ҫ
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ʨΪϵĲʵ̫ڵѹ֮£³ӵħѪھԵʵǰȻǱѹķݡ
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û˿ԥֱӷöҩʼΪڶʱڽԼΪȥһսʱĿܡ
չߣѪħźͻʼڵĴսȴڼ˫˴˶̽ԵķιֻϧһȻʵףĴҲЩ޿κΡ
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˻粻Щ⶯ϾʵףеԲѹ˵ɵսǿսгһǣƣпܽԷһǼصսһһǼصսΣҲǻˡ
ʵڳͻ֮ѾԮɻʼߵԮҪҪһЩʱ䣬ʱڣǱס
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˵ͷҲ֪ʮôΪãϾһɱΣտǲС
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Ϊ˲һϷ㲻ҪһΣһƽﻺ˵


379 
Ǽ۷ߣڻԪǿֵ߲֮£޵еĴڣͬΪǿߣҲǼ䡣ǿߣһ㶼мڶǼص߶֣ο͵ϮǼгԪĻᣬÿһޱںԼ档
˭Ҳû뵽һλǼ۷ߣȻ͵Ϯ룡
ͽʮ˶û뵽ѪħžȻ˲ҪɳǼ۷֣߳Ȼ͵Ϯ
ˣ˭뵽ѪħžȻɳǼ۷͵Ϯ簵޲ѣٷŭʱҲûû취־ȳ룬ʱѪħŵڻĲס
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ʮŭһµĽֱʣгӶһµĽ⣬ͬˮһ㣬к
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Ѫħźͻʼ˫ʱޱȵĵǣһţһ۷ǿߣһʧһޱۡ
쵰֪ѲͲֳ֡ڻȻں罻֣˼ȴȫ̳
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һΪնɱ룬˼Ĵۣбͺǲʹ죬ʱڻȻֱײǹϣϲŭŹ֡
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СȻһ̫ˣǻԪ߳ҲܾȻοµطҲˡ
˵˵ͷϴ˻ޱȵͬһ˿ҲоˣҪȻ룬̫ˣοطǺεȵĴ󣬾һֻҶѾûˡҪ֪Ǽ۷ߣǽ֮Уˣʧȥ˳ԪĻᣬοʩչطĳ룡
СӵطҲ֪ôȻ˿¡µҪǳʵǿһЩطǿһ㣬¾͵ˡҪ֪֮ǰĽ֣뼸Ǳѹǽһˡ
ط콣Уûв´ӦǳϹսڵõġѪħƬ̺󣬲ǿڵ
ԣɵ˵ͷط콣ڲûУϾ꣬ʥ֮Ѿ٣˿µطΨһܵľϹս֮СطҲų䣬ҲʧѪһԣȴһ޴ޱȺϢ
˴˿̻֮ǰĻҲΪͬȻһθ˲СĴۣնɱһ˵ǿߣѪһԣȴ޾ĺôϾطһϰãǶѪһһޱȾ޴ѡ
ֻϧǲ֪طȻǿ󣬿ȴ󽣵ߣʩչ˳֮⣬߸޷ʩչ
˵飬Ѿϱȶ֮󣬻صڣˡѪħڵ
΢΢ͷȴû̫⣬ϾǻԪְ߳ˣҲ޷ıʲôָȻûлڳԪ


381 ŵ

뱻պ󣬱ǰһڣԪõֶΣֻҪţͻԪˣȶĻǳҪġֻǿԪͳĻָȻǲġ
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ոձȻʱ쳣أѪģܿ׹ǣǰصƣǻһѰǼߣ¶Ѿȥܹһ˿Ѿ漣
ϣơ翴պ飬֮ǰسƵҲڳڵպΪġ
ƺأϵѾǼɥڵľϸ̶ܵͬȵˡպɫص
صƣҲƽһμǰصƣκһǼߣ¶䣬ɳ벻һ˿ϵƻڷٵĻָպڳڲһصһڻָϵƣ㣬պȴû˵
ôأʮ˵ɫһ
ΪǼߣȻףڵжأ˵ʱȥ
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һöʼȻ⣬ֱȡһöʼպ顣
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˻˵ɫ΢΢һ䡣
˵ŶлԪ棬꣬ƽҲָһһЩ󱲶ѣ˵Գ־Ⱥ󱲣ûйϾԪкεȸ߸ϣǼһξȻˣͬһͻƻԪԻԪߣһ㶼Ǽε顣
ǰڵȷʵЩͬսڼǼ۷սˣԪǼпܳ־εġ
Ȼпܣ콣ھɲ콣ڵԸ֣ҲóŵǸʱС
ڳˣȡ˲˻ָҩҩЩܷãȴûһա
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պ̾һʩչطܵƣɲֻˣڵƸأȻڻָԳȴû̫İ
һöʼֱӱպֳķݣԳڵ״̬ʼҩܲסһöҩȥ˵Ȼ룬ܺպҲǾ˼Žķ֮һĻʼι롣
ҩڣҩӿڣպĸоŻʼҩϵԱǿһЩͬһƻһ㡣

ͻȻպɫһ䣬ԭǿȻ˲ٴʧصԭǻһҩǲȻڶʱ˳ɲȼ꣬Ϩˡ
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ȻѾպ鲻Ҵ⣬浽֮ǰ뱣֤ϾҲܾȻһˡ
պæصڣտ룬Ͼ浽ǰһʱ䣬Ϊؼ

ڵİ֮УһӦ÷ӣٶȣԶǼߣǴ콣ڸĽš
ԪߣһֵĴڣȫٸ·ٶȣܹͨ⻹ǽ޷˺ѿռ䣬˺ѿռ·¼ʮʱ䣬ܸϵ
ˣŵٶȻޱȵѸ٣ֻ˲һʱ⡣
ˡǰһǽ˴֮С
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档ˣʮһϳ˺ȴ̹Ų콣ڵ棬һǽ档
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ҲǱͻӰһȻʶˣʮ˵Ļﻹ֪ǰߣ콣ڵ棬̹ޱȣǻԪߡҲֻʮһԪ߶ѣվһƬ½Ϊ۷Ĵڡ
΢΢ͷһǽ˾С
û뵽ȻǰҲޱ𾪣ȻޱȣܹûԪǿ߲ԶеľѣͬʱҲǷ֣콣ڶԳӡصһ룬Ҫǻʼţ»ʼڵ棬Ҳͬǰ
콣ĵһлԪǿ֣߳ȻܹǵУԪߣһĴڣܣ
ڡ
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΢΢˰ֱ֣Ӳ̽״Խǲ̽ɫҲԽѿ
棬պ״æ
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Ϊɾܲڵ״ϵƣŵҩԻָǽţҲֱƣǳȴͬһ㣬ܲҲ޷־Ρ
⡭պɫһ䣬涼˵鷳Ҫκó룬Ȼޱȵѡ
棬ѵûһ취պæ׷ʵ
콣ţŶ˵һɳԪĻἫ䣬콣ڶԶһ޴ʧ


382 Ѫħ
üͷ΢壬㣬֮ǰԤϵĻҪ⡣ţ֮»һ˿ܹһ˿Ѿ漣
Ҫ֪ƣѾ漰ΣΣֻ̤ԪߣܽӴ
ʵϣܹӴ꣬Ԫߣȴ޷ƣҪȻĪ棬Ҳ䣬ϾĪȻֻǸո̤ԪҲǻԪ
ͺ֪ԪΪʲôԪܹĲܣ߲֪߾ͿʼӴֱԪһֵһֵȴյ㡣
ܹൽ꣬ξΣȴû˿취ţźķһЩԪȫ԰ָѰߣȻֵô࣬ǳ콣ţŻԸġɳƲֻ⣬漰꣬ȴǺް취
ܻܲ£ҪԼҲһǿڻָֻҪָһ̶ȣҾܳ־Ż
ڵѪͬˣѪȻڻָٶ̫ˣҳڵ̫ʱϨܻܲǽҲû˿İաſԿ϶ǣڳǹصû֮ǰ벻ΣաȻǰ粻̫ĲϾ̫һǿҲóһ˿Ϩ
棬ڡպ鿴򽣾š
ȽڣԪʺϳĻָҲӰȫһƽ
պ΢΢ͷȫʱ̶пܱսܱѪħŹƣ콣ǰȫ࣬ھս֮ǰ콣ڶǰȫġ
һһصĲ˲佫֣Ŵ뿪ʱɫȴ΢΢һ䡣
棿ŵɫպ鲻һ㶡
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ţѵƻزɣɫĿ⿴򽣾ţͻȻϵҲһ̳ϾԪһ֣Ǽ߿ԵֵģοߵĻóɱĽ
Ҫ˹أΪЩͽͽﻹܻţһмΪԪߣĴڣԼĽмڶЩǼ߶֡
οһǰҲΪ˶ԸЩǼߣΪ˾ȳ롣
ѪħŵСǼ۷ΪȻ͵ϮһһԳʵǱǼ۷͵Ϯˣ
Ͻֵ飬͵֪ʱȻڽǰϣֻ΢΢ЦǼĺ󱲽֣ôҲ֣
һ˲ҪǴ߳ˡ
ȻˣҾͲˡʶɨ룬һƽ벻⡣
һųٵʧ֮С
ĿŽ뿪ҲһĿһâȴûжֵ˼˫ڱ˴̽Ȼֱӳ֣ҲףһֶԸߣ¾ս̾ͻᱬҪ֪Ѫ̻ǻʼڣ˫ʱû׼ľս
Ȼûֱӳֵ˼һѪħפء
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һѪħŵޱȹ
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޵λǿߣҲǼΪǻԪߣһ֮УҲǼΪϡ٣ÿһǳϼһԪ֮೤࣬ǺĻԪȣǵԪҲֻǱͨ˳ˡ
ϣһڣϵƲ̫ܵáĿϣ˵
ǡдϲ
˵֮ǰϱŵʱѾƣȴҪԼصڣҪʱ䣬ƣڼ䲻֪Ҫȶá˿ǰڣȻƣָܹȻޱϲ
棬ǽ˳롭ѪħС
޷Ѿ̽СӵƼأǽų֣ҲܽκãûҪΪ˴ºͽ˺ڵ
ԣͷĻȻǲ˿Ļɡ
ϣǳѪħŸȥպҲڵڶ죬뿪Ϊ˽ӦţɳˣߣȻҲûµıҪ

ֻһʱ֮󣬽űųص콣ڣֱӽ밲סɽ֮С
ܻܲͿԼ컯ˡžĳ룬̾һֻһʱȻȻСϣϵҲָ˴룬Ŷ档
ȻǽȴһصľΣˡ
ɽǽƽʱסĵطҩϾĻۣԪ֪֮ǿ˶ˣʮֵȶԪ֮У̺һ˿˿ҩЩҩ߶Ի󣬿ɶ˵ĳ룬һ
ʱţܿһʱȥ
ϵˣѾָȴû˿ļ
졭
졭
졭

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µʱ䣬һֱעųȻת࣬ϵʮֵڵǹȻû˿ļ
漰㣬Ȼޱȵĸӡ΢΢̾Ϣ漰ΣҲû˿İ취ĸǻԪߣҲֻ漰ƤëѣԼ˶޿κΣοƱˡ
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ֻû뵽ǣ˿ǼĽָȻɢܡ
ڰƣһȻ֣ǽָӿڣԭûȻǹӿ룬ٴٶȣ֮ǰ֪˶٣ٶȣǽŶܸо


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ǽָɢǽҲЩĶֻ˲䣬űҡҡͷݣһıǽָԼҲ̽ûз˿õǽָҲδá
ڵĽţɲǵǸո̤Ԫߣô콣ڵϹսϢһЩҲЩ˽⡣ЩѪûѪµõҲû˿ô
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Եɡ΢΢̾Ϣ
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ܵϵɱ⣬Ųûие⣬Ҳδֹ˼߿͵ϮЩɱ룬ҪǳûɱģǾ֡


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ȻǰȽȶȻѪصߣЩȻʱ¶ڰг֣Ǹʼ˲С鷳
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һʱ䣬֮⣬Ҳպд轻Ҫ֪ʱѾǼصΪȻպ飬ڵ֮ϣȴǲպϳǰǼ۷ߣ˴˽ҲջС
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΢΢ͷս˫һʼȫϣڶʱڽսһʱͻƣγ˽ֵľ档
⽩ֵľ棬ֻڶʱ䣬̫ı仯һ㣬ҲڳԤ֮С
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Ŀǰս¶Ƕԣġ΢΢һЦ
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Ѫ̲䣬˵ǵӰڤں󷽣ŻжǵʧͬСպ΢΢̾Ϣ
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밵ԵͷռһĺôɱڰĴֻ󿤱ոȶݲѪǿϲ̨棬ȻҲûбս𲨼

һתۣԳˣѾȥµʱ䣬ʱ䣬ڵѪҲǻָ۷״̬ΪҲ̤Ǽء콣似ҲǴǼصĽ
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ϹˣڵʵɲĶ֡ЦҡͷȻܺպ齻֣ΪպûɱֵԵʣɱԲ֧ôʱ䡣
պ΢΢һЦҲԣȻ֮ǰĻȷЩ󣬿ȴǿţȻɱȷĶ֣ɱˣƴһУǼ۷ϵ˶顣Ҫ֪ʱ벻ǼصΪΪʩչһеֻ»ҪǿպҲûܹ
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ϣҴ㼸ͻȻ

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֪ܶǼ۷ߣֻһʱ׼ԪѾʱȽϳˣЩֻʮʱ׼ͱȳԪ׼ʱ̫̣֣Ҫͻƺεѣ
ܶ༸ʱ׼ԪĻɻϲ٣ͻʧܣٴγԡʵϣܶǼ۷ߣһֻһγĻᣬһʧܣû㹻ʱȵڶεĻᡣ
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385 նɱӰ
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ΪߣƴҪǳأΪǳԶҰⰲȫҰ⣬ҰޣеˣԲʲô䣬һʵ㲻ǨƵڣҲǨƵǳصĵطɱϾһЩʵСĲ䣬û취ǨƣֻҰݺҰ⣬ѵš
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һһĽֱӶӰ壬һ̣Ӱֱӵ˵ϣû˿
ȥӰ̾һŴսһӰǱ콣ŰɱȴԴ뿪һΣȴû˿ķ֮


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һӰǰĿӰУɫȴ͵һ䡣
ˣȻϢݳȥˡ뿴ӰеĴͫײ͵һȻǰӰѾŵϢ˳
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Ѫ̵ĴǾֶβܿûпֶΣ޷ţִҲǸݲͬεΪвͬ֡ӰĴþûлӦֻһֿܣӰѾ⡣
ǣ벻Ѿ𣿡ڤüͷ΢壬ӰʵҪɱɲףӰ֮ʺϰɱͬǺͱӰо裬Ǽص֣߳аձסܹɱӰǼصǿߡֻǼصΪѣôɱӰ
ΣӰѾ׶༪٣±֪ͨңڤɫһٵ˼ֵܳ˭ӰѾ䣬еĴӪҲпܱ¶֮ǽϱ̣ͬʱ롣
ڤǸ̽鱨ģ˼ܣܿͿʼһݵ㣬Ѿȫ
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յڤϢҲ㶣ӰóɱΪҪһλǿߣȻʵǿãѰǼߣδܹȵϡ
һȴ޶䣬ǳ֮ˣڤԣпѾ϶Ϊȥĳ롣
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֣ѾֻһһĿУѪ̹ϵǱѰѪܹڰٴηչżĹϵȻỳĻΪûбҪƭ
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֮ǰܹóǰµսս󣬾˵Ϲսõ˭Ҳ֪Ϲսõٱ˵ʲôıܻҲ֡һƽ
Ҫ֪óսȻ̫ŵĳսʱޱȵ𾪣뵽ϹսԪܴҲܿȻһγܹҲûиϵ̫֡
˵Ĳ˵ͷϹսڻԵʮʥأ겻ΪԵĻԪǿߣϹսõвŴ
ΪΨһһڵĵһµߣ˭Ҳ֪׵õ˶ٵıобı
ѳɴ󻼣һɱ
ڲǾսʱ򡣡һԵȻ޲Ѫ̺ͻʼ̾սȴֳܱϾ֪һֱʮֵļɵҪϴ׳󣬿»ӵļɵ
΢΢ͷȻһ㣬ʱǾսʱ̣Ͼȥʥʵ˭Ҳ֪Ҫϵ̽Էĵƣܹ̽ʼڸĵƣǻʤĿҲ͸
Ԫߣһʼƿصĵ̾ͻᱻˣǼֱѰ·ȻõԪҲԴΪƾһ֮ɱ󷽸նɱ롣
ֻܶЩˣԭǴžսǰһЩ鷳ֻܶˡһâܿ˾

ٵϣһӰǰУԶһڵꡣ
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ûͷĸоϢüͷһ塣
꣬־µģԴӾ֮ҪΪʦȻͬ⣬ȴԸһ·ų룬һʱ䣬궼ûз˼
ֻǺεߣˣһ·ȴף붼Ϊ֮ݡ
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̾һһǰ
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ǰ룬ޱȹ˲ƣ壬Ҫݵ
ֻӸոһεǽס޷ݵȥ
Ҳͽ뿴꣬ƽ˵
ԣҪڣȴϵȻͽҵǿָһ
ԣ겻ɴϲæлǰ
лңҪָ㣬ﵽҵҪ󡣡뿴һۣһƽ
ǰ뽲һܹɡɫޱȼ㡣
˵ؾĺ֮ǰֻҪܽǣҵҪ󡣡뵭
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벻ÿɷ񣬼ľ룬ԶǰԣҲҪ֮ǰϵסȻָ꣬ԲԼָûĲ֮ûĲᣬ޷֮·Զ
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ΣһҪõǰָ㡣ҧٵĳźȥʱֻʣ¼ʱ·̣˵壬ܷ֮ǰϵǣȴһδ֪
겻Ǻߣԭһĸ·Ѿޱȵƣľ룬ڴʱԣޱȵһ߱һٶȳźǶȥĹٵ֮ϣһݵβϵǰУٶȣĳ·һֻţѡ
ľ룬ڳԣǼʮʱѣܿ˺ǡǣֻһСǣûʲôСǣǿߣҲֻϸѡ
Сڣλõһ¥ڶ¥һ䣬Ⱥš
֮ǰѾ̽츳츳ǿ֮Ķᶨôע֮·ϣߵ̫Զ
֮ļᶨָһܹɳʲô̶ȣֻпԼĻԵϾ츳һɲ䣬Ϊ۽츳ͬûĲᣬ츳ǿҲȡʲôɾ͡
ʱţɫҲǿʼԽԽ
֮е⽥ĺȥɫѾǿҪ׵ĺŴͨѾԽԽ٣սǵĳţҲںա
ʧˣоƣһ̾һҪ뿪Ŵһҡҡλε˹
ݵΣ϶һ˿Цݡ


387 ǿϮ
Ȼϵ˺ǣѾʮƶһ¶ʮֵѣܹóȫƾһ־ߵǡ
ߣ͵ĳЩʱ츳ҪҪûдûмᶨĵģ޷ȥ̫ĳɾ͡
ȡһöͽ׵ҩˮ֮Уݸ꣬
лǰӹˮһֱӺȥ
ʱһůڣԭƣ壬Ҳǻָ·ãϼ·̣Ҳޱȡ
лңߵԼı¡ҡҡͷϾ֮ǰû˿ˮĴ㣬޷ϵѾ뿪
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˵ͷһЩ͵ǵ֪ԭһӵܣ䱻¾ֻм˽һ;֮һ͵˳ǰǣҪͶǸС򣬱ϾȻǰȫҲǼããҰİȫֻû뵽·ϾȻһ˵ˣʣµļȥҪǳ֣ҲѾˡ
ȻԤϵ͵̫ãҲû뵽ԷڵĲȻ¾Ҫ֪ԣڵĲ䣬һλߣӵߵĲ䣬ʵѾǲˡ
ںסһҹϢ֮󣬵ڶһ磬ͱµСԺеȺų롣
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СԺУͷ󺹣ס˫΢΢·ʱҪһ㡣
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ĳֱӴ̴˽µʯ
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׽ֻʾһΣܹס٣ͿԼˡĿ⿴ͣ˵
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͹˲ƣ壬æɴ۾ֻԶĳһһ׺Ľвϵʩչ
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֮ǰһ飬ʱʩչ׽ɡ˵꣬뿪СԺ
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ʱţһתۣµʱȥ֮У͵ʵҲ˲СΪѾﵽ˺أ봫ڵĽҲѾСɡڽ츳ΪԤϣ̶̰ʱģ;Ȼﵽۻʹĵز
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һӳǡ

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ˣĿһɫҲǱǼصߣѪ̾Ȼɳǿ߶ԸȴЩԤϡ
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Ϊ׵һߣߵĿڳϣɫҲǱǰλӣϵǿߡ
˵ΪȻҲǼأɶǼ۷壬ǿߣҲֻǼغڣˣΪֻǼڶѡ
ѪȻ˲ٵܹǲǼȴǼ٣һΪ˶Ը룬ҲѪЩߣڸźѪߡΪ˶Ը룬㱩¶λǼصӣɱġ
ҵǺܺ棬ôģ뿴ԶˣķһֱʮֵСģһʱ䣬Ҳûǿ׷٣Ҫ֪óӰ֮ӰǰΣοߡȷûǿ׷
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ǻǿңΪ˶ԸңȻɳǼصߣһЦһһϢϱŷ
˹ϣԸ㣬ǿɲ˿⡣ɫصԵʹһɫʱ˱ǽΧס
֮ǰشϣȻΪƴԵʣɱˣһΣǱΪնɱԣȫпܱƵĶöԸһУǶмĿ䡣
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֣˴˵ϣһǿĵѹĵֵŻѹơ
ɱ
˶ԿԲֶΣȻǱѹѹѾһΣ˲ɱ˳롣
ݡݡ
⽣ӿϵ룬һ֣˱ʩչǿĹ̵ʱ䣬նɱ룬һʱϵ̫пǿǰԮ롣


388 ֲָ
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ԶʽֵļӰǳһ֣Ǽǿ߽֣ûм˴ĶȴǵһμֵߣԲѰǼô򵥡
ǳֵͬʱҲޱңǽֵļˣڳ⣬ڳڣ֪Ҫ˶ˣನ¶䡣
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СԺУҲǾ޴ĶæСԺһ¥ʱԶɱļӰ
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ҵʵʵ̫ˣֵĵطУӱˡɱӰͽסеĳһεıŷʵĿԭΪԼµʱѾܴ󣬿Ǹεǿ߽֣Ƿ֣֮·һṳ̂
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ʵߵԤϣԭļƻȻҲвͨԭǴΧʱڽ룬³ʩչͬھʽҲܹӦԣֻǳʵֻˣҪʱնɱȻ޷
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ԣɫЩÿϾܹնɱ룬ȻòֻһҲףҪնɱܣĴսܿͻᾪǣΪݣʼڵǿ߿¶ڶʱڸһǿ߸ϵҪɱ룬ɾˡ
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ܵ˵ѹԽԽɫҲޱȵ֪֮ӵǼǿߵսܴһֵԭΪԲѹơ˵ѹԽԽѹȻҲǱ
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ȻҾ㡣ŭһ֪Լ޷ѣǼеԣֱȼԪޱȡ

Ȼ񣬿ԳǱɱһȴֻͽͣ˲ֱӶ塣
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ǾޱȵˣȷʵЦˣȻףǺʩչͬھʽ
ɱң˵㡣ˣȴǵȻһЦȻӲһȻ㹻İգ˵һ嶼ûܶǶֻҪ˵֮ҪλãħѪ׵Ļָ
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ߴʱףΪʲôʩչǵƴʽ󣬻ֲܻĻָԪˡѹ֮ǰ뼸ĹҪնɱӣΪеĹɱ롣
ʱһԵҲǷӦ˲óؿѸٻָ𺳣һٵɱ˳롣


389 ټĪ
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λǼǿߣĪɫһ䣬λǼصߣӦҲɣû뵽Ȼ˶Էնɱ˼ˡ
ϧһˡ̾һ֮ΪǿģϼʩչǰµĹֱߣ޷׷ϡ
޷ҲãźܿѪ̾ͻ֪ʵҪٶ֣ҲõһˡĪЦ
ҪԸ룬Ѫ̿Ҳ˼һ£ֵֵãϾܹλǼصбնɱˣʵӽǼ۷ߡҪ룬۲СڻԪֵ֮£Ѫ̿ҲԸĴۣϾκһǼ۷ߣǰ߶һǿսȫûҪΪ˶Ը


390 ֱ
ʲôʧˣ
ڣõΧɱжʧܣҲЩš
λǼصжֻΪնɱһǼصߣȻʧˣôܣҪ֪һεжţΪ˰ȫɳλǼصߡλɱ룬һʧ飬еСáյĽȴʧܡ
ûɱ˳룬λߣˣֻһλӳ
Ǽء
õĿǰʵɫҲǱޱȵѿ벻ߣ̤Ǽأû뵽ġ
ָޱȿ£ˣ˲ָ
ɫأֿµĻָһǼ˵Ҫ֪˿µĻָֻлԪ߲ӵСڣȻһǼϣβ
»㱨ϢսҲǿǼڣȴһǿطµĻֶָǼ۷߲ܻҪǿһЩ
ţȻڻʼǱߣ
ɫ࣬Ϊ˳룬Ѫʧ˶ٵߣǼ߾ͽ٣Ǽصսʧ˽ʮ
ô޴ʧǰвֶҲǸϵһۡ
һԵ棬ҲǾޱȣҪ֪ɳλǼնɱ룬ֻóɣɳ벻ţնɱλǼصߡ
˿µĻָѵҲʲôطüͷ΢壬ǰµĻָҲֻԪ޾ĻԪ߲ſһǼϣҲǾޱȡԪ磬ʶޱȵţǼӵ˿»ָߣȴǵһμ
ʲô㣿濴ԶһεʧɲСҪڳֶԸ룬ѣĿǰѪ̵ҪԸҲףЩԪ߳֡ɳڸ֮Уֻ»û֣ͱʥصϼһ﷢ˡ
ɫޱѿȻ޲նɱ룬ȴףں󷽣ǻԪԳֻ֣ܿǼ۷߲пնɱ롣κһλǼ۷սʱսŲСӰ죬Ϊһʹ˷Ҳ᲻á
ܿСӣֻҪСǰߣҾͲܻЦ
Ԫ֣նɱĴ̫ˣҲ᲻ãȻ޷նɱ룬ֻܱܿǱܿʼЩǿһֻ޲ѵǣһǼСӣѪ̾ȻƵ˱ܣΪ̽еķŭ֪
Ҳֻˡ̾һǱ߻û׼ã
ûӦûҪһЩʱ䣬ЩһǴǺͻʼܾ˵ʱڳ֣ȡ档ɫЩÿ˵ǱߵĳϣһͷۣЩ޳ϣӦˣҲǸ˲СĴۡ
ȻԷɳ˲ٵǼǿ߲սڻԪεǿϣȴǴ粽ãҪսС

Ȼ֪Ѿɱģں󷽣صĻԪ߶֣ڵʵǼ۷ߣҲֻܱҪǰߣû֮ǡ
Ī˻صںǵס֪ϢĺǳλǼǿ߼٣ѹҲޱȾ޴󣬶ԷһҪС
磬ǳССԺڵ
ЩǰŸյݷáĪԣЦ
Ҳ΢΢˵ͷǻҲõһʱݷá
뿪ɡ뵭λûмĴ㣬ϾںֻһͣҪ˶ãͻ뿪
СһﲻȻ츳ãȴǱͬǿ˲١뿪ͣĪϲЦ˵
ҲǼ⺢ԲָһڽߵһֻܿԼˡ˵ͷΪҪͽȫһ츳߸õĵӣȴѡָͣΪԷԡ
ڵʵѪҪٶ㶯֣ҲˡĪϸп
ʵҲֻǼ۷ߣѹʵһս֮УԱֻ֮ҪǻԪǿ֣߳Ǽаյġοڲʮ꣬սδΪо޴ռ䡣
Ī㣬Ҳǳ׵ķˡĪ̾һ
ĪңĪϵļ壬ֻĪҸĪһ̫٣ѾɳҲǳ׵ķֻҪһսʼڻʤĪұضٴ
ĪΪԪҲûлᡣ뿪ڵĪϴ޽һսͱأ׼Ԫ
ĪϿЦҡҡͷȻ̤Ǽ۷һʱ䣬ɳԪȴûаģ֮гɹҲֻһ˰ˡ
ϣ̫СĪȻҽϣ棬ǰû֮ǰĪҸãǽԪʧܣĪҵѪͶˡ
뵱Ī棬Ǻʥһʱ츳֮ϣҲ̤ԪߣǵΪ˰ѹѵĲл꣬ĪҲΪͻһǿļ塣ȥĪȴѾֻĪϺͳĪѪѡ
ˣʱ䣬ȥһ˻ʼڣ㡣Īƺ뵽ʲôæ˵
ʼҪң
һЩȵĿĪϡ
ʼ棬ǿĻԪߣ˹ϵģϾ֮ǰĻʼ棬ͿնɱԪߡ
һ㣬Ҳֻлʼ콣ڵ棬Ҳ˵ܹɱһλԪߡ
صģָҪ㣬ӦǺ¡ĪЦŵ
΢΢ͷʼλʵɲ⣬ǶԷĶмʲôıƣһУ¶ɱټ顣
еʲôԭ򣬳Ȼ֪ǴӦҲλϵһǿߡ
ʱ䣬һǰʼڡɫ
⼸ѾĲ࣬ΪָͣԵһЩʱ䣬ʱ͵ĸδι̣뿪ʱ
ȻˣҾȸˡĪϵͷһΣǻһӰȥ
ĪϱʼڵǼߣһҲΪΣգŻ֣һֱڻʼڡ
ʼ档
вЩڴλʼ棬Ҳޱȵĺ棬λʼ棬նɱһλԪߣǴһټ
İʱ֮Уÿ֮⣬ָ͵Уһµʱ͵ĸѾΣֻҪͱڵ͵ģ̤ϸû⣬ǼߵĲΣֻܿԼˡϾһ;ʦֻãĳɾͣҪԼ
ͣܽѾȫ̸ˣԺ·ҪԼˡ뿴ͣƽ˵
磬Ҫ뿪ˣͿų룬һ˿˸֮ɫ
һʱ䣬̵˲СΪҪǣ֪Լ·
޲ɢ֮ϯҲʱ뿪ˡЦŵ
磬´μ棬һܹﵽ㡣ɫޱ֣ص
˻벻һЦһָݸͣǴָ㽫̤죬ܿõԴʵʱǧҪ¶
صĵ˵ͷҪڵʱ򣬳Ѿɢ·δֹһ㡣
磡
Զʵĺڵ㣬ͽסеĳɫޱȼ㡣


391 ʼ
֮·ûнݾߣȻᣬҲһֱͣ͸ܳɳ
һ·ʶȥҲż·ʮʱ䣬ʶ
ǳʶǰһӱʶڶΪҪǰǰ߲սǵһΣǵڶΣ붼ûʽʶ
ʶΪȨĺģһǳأȻս֮УɻʶȴһƬƽƺûܵս˿Ӱ졣
ҲʶǻƿǿݸҶԻʶƿأȻǲضԣڻҵƿ֮£ʶûܵսӰ죬쳣ƽ
ǻǿĵطֹڶ࣬ƿصʵҲԶطɱȡ̾һ
ʶطԣʵǿսҲǸߣطԣ֪ǿ˶١
Ҳֻǻʶһѣʶڣ˻ʼ֮⣬ûʲôǿţǿңȴǲ٣һЩǿļ壬ȿҪǿ
սʶҲȡ˲ٵ߲սµǿ߲࣬ϸߣȻʮֳԶȳݿ˲֪١
һ֮󣬳˻ʼڡ
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һִӣסǰĳ롣
³룬°ݻᡣͳ콣ڵĳ
룿
˻ִӵˣɫ΢΢һ䣬Ѱϸ߲֪ʲôˣΪʼڵĵӣǿʮ˭
֮ǰϹս򣬳ǱΪһߵĵһţ֮նɱǼߣʵֱ׷һǿߡ
ϸ˵ǰЩִӵĵӣͳһˣԳ룬ǲףʲôţʱ䣬ԶԶǶ̣ΪȴԶ֮ϡǼߣڳеĶ֪ж١
ǰ룬ĪѾһˣȥĪϵסִӳ
˵ͷʧ˴֮С
ȥĳ룬ִ˾þûлع
ӳǳ룿ܳ೤϶ϲ
һִԱС
ܳһʼţϹս̤֮ܳǼѾǼصΪǻʼڵһϣݿɱЩִӸ˲֪١
ţ˵еǼ߶нˡִӳһп
Ϊʼڵĵӣ˵۽ȻǼǺεȿ£Ǽ߶ڳУʵǺεǿ
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ʼںϴȲû̫ı仯ֻڵ࣬սʼڵĵͬڸزսڵֻв֮һѡ
ռ䣬ܿĪϵס
ĪϵסҲΪ壬ĪϵļӣѾսҪôǰߣҪô󷽣ڻʶֻһҲѾ˻ҡ
С룬ˡ뻹δĪѾ˳
ڸղţѾ͸ִϵĴţ֪˳ĵҪ֪һγĵɲֻΪΪҪ롣
Īϡ빧
Ѿ֪ͨ棬̴ȥ
Īæڵ
ô죿
˻벻һԭΪǵ˻ʼڣҲõһʱ䣬ܼʼ棬ֻû뵽ǣŸոյʼڣʼҪ
ĪϵͷʵҲ֪ΪʲôôҪ룬Ͼ֮ǰȻ˵Ҫټ룬ʵϣûԵرżո֪ͨ棬ʹųȥƺ֪ԭ
ĪϣܿһƫƧɽ֣Ī϶ͣ£ʾԽȥˡ
˳ɽֵС·ܿʧ·ϡ
ܾһ䣬ԶһʯǰɽϣʯǰһɫӰȻֻԶԶһۣ͵һ
ʼ档
һ⣬ǻʼȻѰĻԪ߿ɱȣԽŵʱҲĸоԿ϶ǰĻʼΪʥ֮ϡҲǻԪصߡ
Ҫ֪ʥص棬ǻԪһغڵΪѣ콣ڵĽţΪҲֻǻԪһ۷ѡ
ԪߣһСҪ£ʮ꣬ǼΪƽǻԪӵ޾Ԫ֮ˡ
Ƭ̺󣬳˰ɽϡ
ǰ빧ޱȵǰߣһǿߣһǿߣ
ǳ룿ߵĿڳϣ΢΢˵ͷЦֵһ˲ĵӡ
ͱΪǵһˣҲû츳ƺ뵽ʲôһп
ŽߵĻ빧ޱȣȴûв廰˼
˻þˣǰ¡ú󣬽߲һЦ
ڵΪǼ۷µߣӦúв㣬ѹֽǼһ߿룬ڵ֪һϷк£
ԣһ㶣Цҡҡͷ£ʲô֪ͬʱҲޱȵúܺ棬ʼôͻȻټ
֪Ϊĳ֣һδսľսܿǰʼͻȻ
սǰΪң
ɵˣɲΪԼܹӰ쵽˴սϾĴսҲǻԪܹӰ쵽ĽǼ۷ߣӰҲǼС
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Ϊȷûʲôвȴˣʮ꣬ѾӵǼصսһ̤Ǽ۷أԪĻᣬߴϲ١ڵٶȣǲҶġʼЦһ
üͷ΢壬ЩţѪ̾ȻΪܣֱǰսʱ䣿
ȴƲ֪ٶȣһδεĳϣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ̤Ǽ۷壿껹һꣿ
ʵ̤Ǽ۷壬ʵҲֻǱѰǼ۷ǿǿһЩѣԪ߻ںһԪأ
Ҫ̤Ԫȷѣ˭ұ֤
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ȻΪ̤Ǽ۷岢£ҲףҪ̤Ԫޱȵѡǳȴһ㣬ҲֻԼ֪һ㣬Ǿǵ
УѾǵԲߣһ̤Ǽ۷壬ȫֱӳԪʧܣԺлһ̤Ǽ۷壬ʼ߿϶ϧۣΪ봴ԪĻᣬɹĿܣԱκһ߶
ֻгԼ֪ڵϣûдﵽԲΣ̤Ǽ۷壬ҲܳԪһ㣬ֻԼ֪߿ɲôġһ֪ʱܹ̤Ǽ۷壬ԪߣѪôܲţ


392 
ѪǵĳھսǰԪűǰսʼҲһ㣬ԻʼŻټ롣
ԭѪǰսЩΪȻڼ֮ףѪôʮȷҲǰս
Ϊһ̤ԪͿֱӳԪȻɹϣСѪ̸Ҷġʼ濪ڵ
Ԫ
˻һһ̣׹еĹؼвЩЦáҲףԲ£ֻԼڸܵǵԲܣܵľѾﵽ˵ԲΣֻҪ̤Ǽ۷壬ܳԪ
ǰʵڵ֮ϣûдﵽԲΡ˼Ƭ̣Ǿ˵Ͼȵ̤Ǽ۷壬ͬᱩ¶
ʲô
ʼԣһ㵵Ŀų룬ǵԲôܱԲܣҪ֪Ͻֵ飬ɲֻѪһˣǻʼߣһսҲǲ١ƻָպ齻֣ԲҲٴαȷǴ˿̣ȴǸڵ֮ϣṳ̂ԲĲΡ
棿
ʼɫһ䣬ʱ¹شһټ룬˸֪սǰ֮⣬ΪҪһԭ򣬾Ϊڵ֮ϣѾﵽ˵ԲĲΡ
Ϊں֮ԵܱӵǿȻӵеԲѹʵϣûдﵽԲΡЦ
⡭
ʼɫ쳣ʣҲδ̫ˣΪܳԪѪǰսɳʵȴûдﵽԲΡ
ںϵ
ʼһЦں֮ߣޱϡ٣ǻʼȫλߣҲûܴﵽĸ߶ȣںϵԲʲôΣ˭Ҳ֪
ԪߣܹеĲ𣬿Ǽ۷ߣûļʶô֪ںϵͨĲ
ȫ߶ѹ֤һ¡ʼ
ĵûдﵽԲΣһоͲͬˣԭĲ
˵ͷ߶һɿµѹϮǵѹѾǴﵽ˵ԲΡ
⡭ȻǵԲ
ʼϸ֪˲ǲ˳ڵϵľ磬ûдﵽԲΣԲڵĸѾǴﵽһޣٽһͻĵɳĵѹȻﵽ˵ԲΣеĵ֮ܣԲ಻СԲܣֻΪǵ
ͺñһ߸꣬Ȼֻʮ꣬Ѿͳ˲࣬꣬ģԵóһЩ˭ܿԷֻһʮꣿ
ڵѾﵽ˵ԲΣڵ֮ϣûдﵽΣѰǼߣ޷һ㣬ѾһֵĻʼȴǲһ㡣
鷳ˡ
ʼ濴۳룬һЦ˭뵽࣬Ȼû뵽ġںϵ򣬵һγֵԲߣȴƭ˼ˡ
ǰ
뿴Żʼ棬С֮ûǰ˵ҲΪѪ̵֪£ֱӶ֡Ͼ֮򣬻ûﵽԲΣܾѾȵԲһĽ֮򵽵Բ׾ѹǼ۷ߣ
ֻڿԼ£ƺгʲô
ʵһϷټ㣬ʼڵԪ̤Ǽ۷壬Ԫ˵ʼ濴۳룬ԭʱϷѾͽֵԲԲŻһֻû뵽ĽȻ
⡭
Ҳǵɴ۾Ҳû뵽ȻΪԲ£ȻôӦʱҲףΪʲôѪ̻λǼصǰΧɱовԭǵԪɡ
ǰڡ
뿴ʼ棬ڵ
ĵ֮û򵽵ԲΣ̤Ǽ۷壬Ҳ޷ԪȴӰս֮ǰû뵽ġ
µֻܼ׼սʼһЦԭΪлԪȻϣСϣһɹأ㲻ɹҲһǼ۷ǿߡ
ʱ鷢չѾܹƣ˼׼ľսûİ취
׼һ£ͽԪʼԥһ£ǿڵ
Ԫ
һ㶣ЩĿŻʼ棬ԭʼ֮ԸṩԪ¾ǿڳгԪĿܣŻţǴ˿̣ǳڶʱ̤ǼҲڶʱڳԪ˵ʼڲٶԳ뿪ԪŶԣɻʼ棬ȴȻԪЩԤϡ
ȥ׼ɡʼ˰֣ûн͵˼
״Ҳöʣ֮󣬲Ǹ뿪

ȥĳ룬ʼ治̾һʵڸղţûóԪһ֮ջͬóԪ
Īһ飬ͬʮĪ棬ʮֵֻ֧ʼڣǳʥ䶼׸ܹ֮նɱһѪ̽ĪŲСĹϵԭŵշĪңĪȴڸһϣЩھΣ˵֮ûдﵽԲΣɺôܴﵽ˵ԲΣ޷Ԫһ̤Ǽ۷壬Ҳһսʵԭ˶ԳԪûб̫ϣֻϣû˰ˡ
棡
ʼ³֣Ѫ̵ĽȻõԪʵϣʼ沢ôģϾո̤Ԫʱ䣬õԪʵҲޡǸȴ·ͻȻðһ㣬ܻʼε飬Ȼ鲻Է˿
һδ֪ĻԪǿߣǻʼģɹһǲĻԪǾĵ飬һĻԪߣû뿪ġ
Ҳһ塣
һԪߣû˿棬ȴûκεսܸܿǰʼΪĵľͻȻֵ档
ѵһͻƵģ
ʼüͷ΢壬ȴһ˿ɻ֮ɫͻƵʱѪħŵԳ֣ѪħŵԪΪͻƵĲʵϣʱȻһЩ춯ֻΪѪħţʼ浱ʱҲû⣬֮Ƿ֣Ѫ̶һԪֻĲֻ꣬ǳֹһΡ
ȵȡ
ͻȻʼ֮ǰݷֵһ޴󲨶ǹɲͻƵĲ
ЦҡҡͷʼȻû˿·ƾðһ㡣
ʼ벻ǣ滹ƾðģԪ磬ƴ֮ʩչ𣬲һռѷ죬汻ѷɣŻһƬ硣ˣñݵߣѪ̡
Ҳ½֪Ҳֻˣһ룬һԼɲǳ뻹棬Ȼܱ¶Ԫܡ


393 
սǰԳԣԲʲôϢ
սԪ߱ȻսʱǼ۷ߣΣնǼ󣬳һʮڵʵԪֵ֮£ԱԣԪսǾΣˡ
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Ԫ
ɫأԪԪ磬Ҫ̤룬ҲޱȵѣһЩʱ䣬Ȼ࣬Ǿսǰʱʵ̫ˡ
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ڶ죬ĪϵĴ֮£Ԫ
ʼڵԪǻʼΪҪĵطڵĵӣҲֻмٲܽУѰʱ򣬳Ȼûʸ񣬲濪ڣóȥʼڸ߲Ȼᷴԡ
ʼ֮Խڻʶ֮УΪʼڽһԪһԪȻͨΪԪ֮Уȴõġ
ŨԪܳԣѾһΣԪȻŨոսԪǸܵŨԪԪѾʮֵĽӽ콣ڽԪʱ
ԪŨٶȻ죬ԳڵΪΧԪԣѾû̫İ
ಡ
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ԪȪɣܵһɲѹѹϵѹжҲǱЩ
ǰɣͣǰУѾʺС
ϥ뿪ʼת

ڳͬʱʼߵļΪԪߣȴѾ֪˳ںϵѹȵԲ顣
ϢǴԭļƻ
ڵ֪Ϣʱ򣬸ǿЦѣϾ֮£ûܵսǰѴ̡
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üͷ΢壬ʼڵĵЩ˵׼սɣʼȴƫƫһδǰ߷𹥻˵ǾսʼȴнǰߵĲսغ󷽡
ѵʼʲôıҲǿʼڵĵֻȻ滹쳣СģһսԪɱΣա
ʲôıڵʵսٲᴦڱһõԪ֮ҲĴԪ֣ǻԪصߣҲһս
СһЩΪãʼڵǸϼһ꣬Щ˭Ҳû֡æ
ͻʼһŶڻʼʮֵļɵǿնɱԪĴڣ
ɫ任Ƭ̺΢΢ͷڤʼôԭ򣬶һУȴǺ֪飬ʱԪ֮бչؿޡ

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ΪһٳǼأȴûͣ˼սڼԻԪǿߣ˵ǼصΪǼأ붼ûаȫС
һУ·𶼺ͳ޹أԪ֮вϵУʱҲͬˮȻš
Ԫ⣬ĪϽĵȴš
ǼߣԪ֮УҲм޵ģǼصߣԪ֮УҲһµʱѣڵԪﵽͳ̶ȣͱ˳
ʱĳ룬ԪѾȥһ¡
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ϾʼʷԪʱߣҲֻʮѣʱĳ룬Ԫ֮Уʮ죬ʮʮʱ䡣
ĪԥҪҪԪʱһͻأĶ
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ͬʵʵԪ£˲뵽ڣһϸ΢鴫ϵϢ͵˲ǳǼصĽ
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֮Уʼ濴һĻϾ֮ɫԪʥΪҪĵطͻǼأȻֱӽԪԪһͻƣԪڵԪñޱϡҪָûʱ䣬ܡ
Ҳ˵δʱ䣬ʼڵĵӣ޷ʹԪԻʼڵĺ󱲶ԣԲʲôϢ
һοˡʼͻȻЩϾȻƽʱָ󱲣Ԫȴ󱲵Ҫ֮أָ㻹Ҫʥأϵ꣬ǻʼΪԪߣҲǸеޱȵۡ
ֻϧʱǻʼ棬Ҳˡ
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ţ
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ǷˡпЦԪԪһĴ˵ΪԪĴڣԪܿͻָָҲҪʱ䣬ڣֻ¶޷ָԭ״̬


394 
ͻǼأԭǲҪ˶ԪģֻǳħѪÿһͻƣѪǿҪԪ̤ǼأҪԪҲԶѰǼߣԪĴڣֻԪΧҪʮͻƵʱ䣬Ҳøã
ܹô̵ʱͻƣԪżĹϵԪڵİԪܹڶʱΪԪѹҲһִٽΪѹûԪҪͻǼأҪʮϵʱ䡣
һγȻɹ̤ǼأȴԪԪĴӺĻʼڵĵӣ޷ʹԪ鲻ν
ԪڵԪĴҲûмеĴ㣬ϾΪҲڶʱΪȻɱϾʱ̫̣ǲȹΪпɸȡ
ಡ
ո˳ԪǿԪĻʼĪϡ
棬Īϡ빰ֵһγ˻ʼôһ飬ҲЩ˼
룬Ϊ
ܵǲԪĪϵͫײһΪȻѾ̤Ǽء
Ϊ̤ǼأĪҲǼѣһ֮УȻǼ۷ߣĪҲûʢ
һһʼȴǿˣһμţϷǵݺݵĳһѪɡʼĿڳϣ΢΢ͷЩ۵˵
ЦҽӿڣҲףҪǻʼ֪ͻǼȻὫԪԪĵųɣԲͬԪҪ֪Ԫʥ󱲵ĸڣ˵ûԪδĻʼڵӣҪռͬͺˡ
ʼȻۣɱϾͬģʱҲ˵ʲôֻĿ۳룬ʧ
룬ôƺ̬ЩԣĪϴ
ĪȻǻʼڵĸ߲㣬ɳĪѪƺԳЩвЩϾǻԪߣǼ߿Եġ
ͻƵʱ򣬽ԪڵԪĴˡЦ
ʲô
Īɫһ䣬ԪҪԣһʼڵĸ߲㣬ޱȵĪΪǼ۷ߣȻޱȵ뼸ԪڵԪĴѹɫǰѿκһʥأ¶кɫϾɲǻʼڵĵӣ
㵽ʲôͻƵĶȻôҪԪ˿£ĪһЦ
֮ǰͻƣǿµĲǲԪԪ⣬Ī϶ܸоǻʼ֣²ķΧҪ
һűȽ幦ΪͻƵʱҪԪȽ϶ࡣ뿪ڵ
Ī΢΢ͷƺԸ˵Ҳ׷ʣϾߣԼܣ׽ˣҲ̽˵ܡԽܣ֪ˣԽԽá
ΪȹһĪϵĿڳϣܵЩйϢɿڵ
ͷľȻѰ߸ߣɽͻƣֱӴǼ̤ǼأĸЩ
һʱ䣬ĪϵסУһȹΪһߺĪд轻֣˵ΪĪϿĥ룬ջСɱڿǺĪϣҪǿһЩ
ڣϥʱдΪѾȹ̡
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ΪħѪǿԸǿҲǸ졣
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˿µ붼Ǹе£֪һ㣬ǼΪ˲ãοһԣóޱѸ١
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ųĲ򣬶ڻ˽ҲǸ࣬ԼԲΡ
һǧ˰ɵ򡣡
ЦŶԻĲѾԲֻʵʵ򣬾һǧ˰ɡ
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̤Ǽ۷壬Բ˵ԻԪҲԱвһͷ
֮Ȼǿ󣬿Ҳһ֣ǿһ̶ȣʱ䣬ĵ֮ܣһս֮
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һ죬ոսչأͼĪϣʱĪɫأɫΪѿ
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ţһλǼ۷ǰսˡĪϳ
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Ǽ۷ߣôսü
Ǽ۷ߣֽ׶μ޵еĴڣǼ۷ΧǼ۷һ䡣
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ѵλӡɫص
Ī΢΢ͷһĻӣǺһһ壬ֻҪӵлѪͿԳΪӣλӣѾﵽԲΡ
һ壬ѪԽã츳ԽǿѪһЩܹϵĻѪȻǵԲޣնɱһλǼ۷ߣȷûпܡ
һλǼ۷ȥѹĪϵɫѿ
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Ǽ۷䣬ҲǴţһսѾΪҵʱ򣬾սʱܿ
Ƹ󣬲֪ϧ½㡣ԺһٻӰսΪʱϧ¸ոͻǼûвս
ϧµƸʥŮսҲǿ߸棬̫ΣաǼ۷ߣѾ䣬ṳ̂ԪǼ۷壬ǾԵİȫ


395 
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ʼѾڼǲԮһĻӣʵʵ̫ǿҲֻǿѡϸų⣬΢΢̾Ϣ
޵һɱͬΪ޵Ķ֡
޵ǿޱȣһñսϸǶ֣򵱳λǼ۷ߣҲ䡣
ϧҵʵʵ̫ﲻʲôæϧ̾һ
ʥŮԷƱܹ;ΪǺųƵһŵĳҲԶԶϸЦŵ
ԣϧֻ΢΢һЦûж˵ʲôȻƸ߲Уϧ²ǵ֮ĵһţɳϧԼ֪ٶȾԻ֮ϣֻһֱ
ĳϧѾǼغڵΪȵѪħŴսĳ뻹Ҫ߳С硣
ܹô̵ʱͻƵǼأҲѹƸ߲Գϧʮ㣬лھս֮ǰ̤Ǽء
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ڣӣϸòŮһźš
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ԭսǰǲܳҵģϾսűຮ֮أսǵҪԣôڴսʱִ
ֻλ޻ӵ͸¶ҪòŮżԷİֻһЩòߣڲ⡣
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޺岻ͬǵǿɱκβֶǵ

޴β·һСɽݺݵǿµܣ˿ɣһλǼصߣһУҲˡ
Сӣֱ֪ϸȻľˣȴѹƣԮֻĿųȥ
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ϱŷһǿս⣬гһӭϮľ޴β
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һǼصߣȻλǼ۷սɱȥֱԳһȻѡӲ
֪Կһǿߣ˵ڻԪֵ֮£ǿģǼ۷߶նɱɼԵʵ֮ǿ
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⡭ôܡ
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ΪȵȴǺͳԽֵϸνϸڳԵʵȻޱӦҲΪĳ
οͻȻðߣֻǼضѣСǼغǼ۷Ĳ࣬Ǽ۷ߣ׾ܻǼأ߲࣬ޱȵľ޴
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398 Ǽһ
פأڶߵɫΪѿųԵĽͣϾһռϷ磬ȴͻȻˣǳ˼ʱʧԲС
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˿µĻָǼ޵ˣλǼ۷ĳüͷ塣
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399 ɱ
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ڲݵϢܿǴ֪ΪȻѾԿԣҲǴѾҪ֪֮ǰλǼصߣƵ˻˵ķʽܻʤڣȴѾӵ˵Եʵ
ʵҲδ̫ˡɫޱȵѿԭǱնɱһλǼ۷ߴļҲǵȻ޴棬һԵǼߣвʵ̫ˡ
ˣȻʵԵܹѹơڳĳɳҲ𾪲ѡ
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ӵвʵ̫Ȼܹѹ˭֪ʲôܳԽԣҡͷ룬ԳãǼ֮ܳԵϢ֡
ǰֻǼ۷ߣǻʼڵĶ֡üͷ΢壬ɫҲΪѿ
ĳɳٶȳԤϣļƻпΪĳ֣⡣
ҪԳ֡һɱ
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СȴҡҡͷֳɹĿԵȷܴ󣬲ȴֻ֣ΪڻǾսʱ򣬸ΪҪǣսеڣλ޻ʳĳϣûֹ
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ļ죬ǰ߶ʮֵƽΪĳ֣ŲûٴγսҲֵıչ֮ǰͳԽֵջ
Եʵ磬һ壬һУܹյԲģʮֵϡ٣廹Ҫϡ٣޵ԪԶ࣬һҪԪ
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ô룬Ī˲ɣԿų룬һЦ
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ϵ˵ͷҲ˵һΪǿսǳݣҲʲô⡣

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һһⲻϵɱǽǿµĹĵֵ
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ڴʱԵһΣٶȶȻ֣Ȼ˲Ǿ벻ɡ

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ǿֱֲӽķһٶɣסֱۣǸеһۡ
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400 汦
ӽֵڣһֱʮֵСģԲѰǼ۷壬ƴ֮£ȫһвһֱСɳȴû뵽ԾȻɱС
ӡŻԪһԪǵɱȣֻܴﵽ˻ԪΣαԪһȴǵԪһֻܣǸ涼˻ԪΡ
Գʵû̫вҲΪʲôǼ۷ɱʹõԵʣΪεǿߣЧ
ȻЧ󣬵ӡŻԪһαԪȴնɱǼ۷ֻǲαԪҪԪĹӡȥҪСĴۡǴۼԪߣ׶ãһΣԾȻ˿µαԪɱǳ֮ǰûġ
âգ֮䣬ѾǰǿµܣжޱȾ塣
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ոպâӴǸܵһ޿ƥеϮ˽ĳ𵴣ȻЩ޷Ϯĳ
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зŭţڵԪӿһδε𵴳Լûע⣬ƴ֮£µĳһδε𵴣ϵâ֮еܡ
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ӳԶֵˣֻɲ֮䣬˷ӦѾǱɳȥ֪
죬ˣ
Ӧĳϴһʼߵ߶ʱɱ˳ԣϸ˲˵ص׵ĳ롣
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ȻԴӦ峤ϳ֣ѪطΪ˸˲СĴۣûαԪҪնɱ룬ȻСĴۣǳԾԲԸġ
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Ϊ޷׷汦ܣαԪһ֮£汦ȻĹһξ͵ó顣
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İɣҿɲôġ΢΢һЦħѪĻָȻûﵽ֫ĵز֮ǰһЩħѪĻָȻָֻܹĵѪ֮ˡ
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Ϣһζֵ޻ʳǱߵ峤ϡǻʼڳϿڵ
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һѪǱʩѹѪ̴ӦԳսǻʼڳϿڵ

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Ҫ֪һΣЩѪɱֻǽԳսѪ̶ԣûʲôʧϾڣЩǼصߣ֪սͿˡ
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ˣѾˣٳԳ룬˶ԣû֮ǡЦ˵Ľ벢ûие⡣
ΪûﵽԲԵʣʼߵĲٲ𶼱ңڸǰսڲ֮ǰᶯ֡οʱ뻹ţԷıûгɹʼڸӲֱΪ˳ս


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˻˶ǲɰԵͷʱ̫̣˶̫ĸڿ뻹ΪĹȫ֡
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Ѿ뿪һ뿪ҲʲôΣգѾ岻󡣡ҡͷȻԳʵȫԲ뷴ɱݣȴҴ⣬һ޻ʳ峤϶ɱ֣ԣҲһѡɲһΡ
һԵĳϵˣǵ˵ͷûгԣǱߵߵȷǲǵĶ֣ǳֻԷľˡ
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ģҼȻӦ㣬ȻйܡһƽȻڱչ׼һ£ԳԵݣǿϵ棬Ͼ֮пܳԪġһ̤ǼʵԶ峤ϻҪǿ
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ıƣ࣬ѹҳ֡峤һЦ
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һ˺ƤԪǿ߷˭Ҳܣر峤ϣ޻ʳһ˲սλ棬һʼ˷񱨸ɱĸأһ岻֪Ҫʧٺ󱲡Ǻܲ

⣬Ѫħפء
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Ҫ֪Ǽصĳ룬ֻǿһƴطشϣΪطʩչܻǿҲΪˣǳԣ֮ǰɳǿߣͳ뽻֣ҷŵ̫Ϊƴط
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ʵΣҪǸҾ޻أ
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402 ֽѵ
ڸĳ룬Ȼ֪϶ɱľȻ֮˿ϵɱġ֪һ㣬Ҳ˿ĸı䣬ʱƴҲδܹв
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صķƽǰԱս֣ϡ٣Щʵߺߣڳǳ֮СҰ⣬ʵ̫Σա
һ·ϣɳȺ洦ɼȥʬ壬ǰߣֻǽս˫ɱڿǰߵĵطҲѪ̻ΪƵĵطϾѪ̿׵Ӱ쵽ǰߵĻʼߡ
ǳԪһ·ȥˣǰʱ˻Ҫࡣׯ¾ǹٵԣ洦ɼɱĺۼʵǿ߻ãЩʵСߣǳضȥϾһǳܹɵҲм޵ġ
Щǳ⣬洦ɼһЩ׵ʱסЩʵߣڳס
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ģ콣ڣҲֻһգǾǽţǽţҲ̤Ԫ󣬲ųɹսġ
ܶǼߣ֪ĵĴڣֻнҵǼ۷ǿߣ֪ĵĴڣҲֻţδϾĶǼʵ̫ңԶԪһܹӴġ
ʮˣȴǵý˵һ仰ǾǣҪ⣬սģ
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ʮ˲ţϾǽţǺķ꣬սģжʱ䣬̥ʼҲսġ
֪ԣҪĽ꣬пգҲֻǿܣԼսģǻԵɺϡ
ʮ˲ϹսŲ;飬онĵĿ飬ʵʱѾڳһ˿ΣһԼûвΪεɱĵĳҲԽԽʱĳȴûսġ
ȻûսģɽֻǽĳΣԳʵҲǼ󣬴߶콣⣬һޱȿµܣޱ
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ԶѪ̵ĳɫһ䣬ʵƺ֮ǰͳԽֵʱǿˣ̶һµʱ䣬ʵȻٴˡ
ѹֽǰսʵ̫ˣ˵̤ԪѪɫأţǰսȻΪǰ꣬Ƿ֣һ㶼Ҳͬѡ
һ˵ţǵ̤Ǽ۷壬˭ұ֤ڶʱɹ̤Ԫ
һ㣬Ѫ̸Ҷġ

ͻȻһЦֻϷЦоǾ֮ɫ
ڲڲкڲѣһ֮ǰƴһ£ûлĿܡΪˣ֪ȴǴˣóɹӹһ٣ĳ룬Ԫ֣˭ɱ


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ȻնɱһǼ۷ߣɳԲ塣
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ԣһ壬֮УǼ֮֡Ҫ֪ڵΪɲŽֻǼڣһԵ̾
磬ѾǼغڵΪɳԪΪȴ׵նɱǼ۷ߡ

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һԣҾͲʱ̻סɱʢ˻ԪΣҲźԼʵѾвѪħţԪ֣ûǳĶ֣
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ãҿԴӦ㡣ɫ任Ƭ̺󣬲ǿڵ
СӣòҪڳǰߣĿڳϣһһ̣αǴԭʧ

ֱ뿪ǿµѹʧҲǳĺһǻԪֻƾѹ͸ĸо
ǻԪ֣оɱҰɣпЦھԵʵǰЩֶΣ·һЦ


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ѪħŵѾȥ벻ڲսǶҲһ޴ĺϢϾ׾նɱǼ۷ߣôܲ£Գ룬Ƕв
֪ǰԭ˫ʵ󣬲ܽסһܣǳĵɴƽ⣬һ֣Ѫ̵ǰ߾͵ܡ
벻ٲսٶʱ֮ڣǲʲôΣգսʱԪߣ֣һһܣԪԱԱĻǳ֡
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ϾʵһսǼεĴսĺôŤתս֡
չ¶츳ʵѾЩϼһסˣӦǣ˵ĻƤԶԸ롣Щε
֮ǰ޻ʳ峤ϣѾһӡŻԪαԪѪһĻԪѾԳ붯ɱġһΣնɱϣѪ̵ĻԪ¶Գӵ⣬ǳսӰ֤ݣѪһĻԪֱӳҲδûпܡ
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Ҳδ̫Ҫˡʮһŭ
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ǰǿȻ˼棬вǰǿҲ˼棬ΪѾв
Ԫ紳꣬Щǿƽո߸ϣûдǣȻᶯ֣һǵ棬־Բ顣棬ֻǶѰ߶ԣԸˣԶûҪ
ʮȻʣȴҲ֪ѳɶ֣ȻѪǱߵĻԪߣδһԳ붯֡콣ڲҶģ̶ʮʱ䣬ѾΪԪϣǼ󣬽Ҳ޷ֵΣ֮С
룬ôţ㲻ʲôɣſԵĳ롣
Цҡͷ֮ǰǴϸܵɱ⣬Լڳս֮ϣ¶ԷĻնɱ
ģҲοĵ˵ͷЦŵóʱ䣬ȡ̤Ǽ۷壬һսԪǿ֣߳ҵǵʱ򲻻Ź㡣
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ų룬̾ںƽʱڣ׾ܳԪֻھսڼ˭Ҳ֪뵽׻ûлԪϾսѾԶˡ
벢ûֱӸ潣Żص콣ڡ
Ȼֵʱ̣ܶնɱǼ۷ߵ飬ȴ˲䴫

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СѹȻ˵ãʮ꣬ʵȡʲôĳɾ͡һп
뿪ǰߵʱʵȻѾǼ۷ߣҪնɱǼ۷ߣֻҲô򵥣Ȼһ֮Уʵ˲С
һԵϸ۳ϧ£ҲǿЦѣƸòһӵк֮ţɾȻǱѹһͷ

ĺȻһЩѪ̵ڰлӰѾ󡣵նɱǼ۷ߵϢ콣Ŷ𶯲ѡ
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Ҫ֪콣ڼ֮УʵǿҲֻǼصΪȴѾܹնɱǼ۷壬ڣһǼߣǲ콣š
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Ϊһ壬ҲǿɼǿߣҲֻǼضѡȴѾܹնɱǼ۷壬붼ĲΣȴŲСԨԴ˵ֻҪϻţҾͻյշгշȫЩļ壡
콣ڡ
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һ޴ǳڣ껵õ콣ڴϢɫʱޱȵĲ԰
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Ǽ۷ߣΪʥصŵӣʮǸεǿߣǺεȵĿ£ںƽʱڣԪ߲أǾǿһȺˡɾǿߣȻնɱˣ
ȻǰϢҲţȴô⣬һܹ׷ϳ롣նɱǼ۷ߣԽ룿ѵҪ̤Ԫ
ԪҲεʱ룬һ̣Ѿ֪һӣ׷ϳ롣
أѩ衣
һݵվѩ֮УԶһȺѾȥʱߡ
ѾܹնɱǼ۷ˣҺ֮Ĳ࣬Ѿôˣ϶һ˿Ц
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콣ڣһƧĹԭڽʮ˵ĹǰսҲһ֮ǰ
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ڻĲϣѾһƿ̾һһʱΪû̫򣬶ƿ
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ǵػˮں϶γɣڴĲƿԭΪڵػˮϵĲƿ
Ȼǰľɲ¼ǳʥ䣬ֻǻһ棬ֱӲ͸ԼĲ⣬ܸ
˵ƺѣʵϲȴޱȵѣûа취ӴĻֻ͸ػˮͺ򽣷ֻ֪Уȴ֪£ȫԼݣҪʱ䱶ͺһŰֽдŲϵдµĿհԽԽ٣ҪڿհдҪϵѰҿ϶ڵĳ룬ػˮĲѾ˼ޣеͨѾ޷


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ħǳ뱣ĵƣΪѪ֮һδΣ֮лȻڵѪ֮ɱ䣬ѾﵽħѪɳȴʮڵѪ֮ħѪ֮Ȼʮֵľ޴
Ҫ֪ԣħһ壬ֻѪ֮ԿĻԪߡڣѪ֮Ȼǿ󣬿ʵϣҲֻǱǿȴȫ
Ȼͳûħһ֮вСĹϵͬԸоڵħѪԶԶûдﵽޡ
ħȻʲôǿĹɾҲŹڳûҵħһ֮ǰѪõĹ
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Ѫ̺ͻʼڵĴսݱĽţɱҲԽԽң˵Ķ˶ǰߵǼ۷߶һδεĽս֮ˡ
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ͻȻĲǱˣպ顣
Ϊ콣ڵĶϣǼ۷ǿߣŴսΪҵĹͷպҲż콣ڵĵӣڸļǰʼڵΧɱѪ̵
ʱ䣬ΪвСĽպĿڳϣ΢Ƭ̣Ц
ΪԽߣҲԽǻǼأѰߣʮ꣬ϰҲɳȴ·ûֹһ㣬ǵǼأڶʱʵ
ԣȴǿЦѣȻʱ䣬ʵȷһЩֻԼףʱٶԽ
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ԣɫҲǱ
Ѫ̺ͻʼ˫ĴսѾǵΪؼʱ˫˴˼ǽԼȫͶȥÿһ춼ս䡣ǵʥأĴս֮У˴˵ҲǼ콣ڵͲռʲôƣһĴս֮£ʧڳһЩʵС֮⣬ߣѾսǼߣֻһʮˣڡ
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һսʥأ콣ʥأҲ˵ܹȥڿս֮ǰھѾʼź֣Էһ
һЩ츳ĺ󱲰תƣ֮Уս֮ܣҲܽŴȥ콣Ҳǲ⣬ڿսʱ򣬾Ѿʼ׼ôʱ׼֮У콣ѾĻ֡
üͷ΢΢һҲʮֵֻڣ콣ţҲƵİţڵһЩţʵڸʥأʲôءѪ̸ΪѪͽڵһЩдУ֮һεĵһλԪߡһεĴս
ºͳĹϵ󣬱ϾǼ۷ߣӵгԪʵʵǿߣһʤöԷǼ۷߼ϾһǼ۷ߣвʵ̫ˡ
ѾǼ۷ʵһѪ̻ʤȥһ㣬ҲʮֵȻ֮ǰҲ밵ųʵҲͱڣ˭֪һʼܣѪ̾Բܷγȥ
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ԭպҲͬĳ֮һһУȻǲˡ
뾲ţ֪պǰԲΪԭ
һһӸǰߡպͻȻ˵
ԣɫһ䡣
Ҫ֪պŵǼ۷ߣʱƵҪսɼ˫Ĵս˺εȲҵĵز
սѾ˲ҵĵزü
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һεȴǲͬѪٴηѣһѪ̻ǻʼڻʤȻܼõ˼ȥ²ѪѾΣ˭ҲðգһʤʧܵһȻնݳ
һ㣬еĸ߲㣬ʮֵҲһ㣬֪һսĹغżŵ˭Ҳò
޻ʳǱߵĳϣĿǰѾѪǱߵĻԪǿߣߣʤѶرѪ̵ĸǶԴ˸һ֪պɫޱص˵
Ҫ֪½ϵĻԪߣôʮˣ⻹޻ʳǿߣ˵ÿһλԪߣ֪֪ףǶ棬ʼȴһ֪·ˣͻȻֵһ㡣
档
һâȻϧȴ˵ϾԪܣֻԪĳ֪һ˵Ȼ¶Լݡ
ֻ֪֮ǰ֣ΪֹδֹʵͨʲôֶΣ޴֪պ鿪ڵ
ڵԪߣ˴ʮֵϤڶԷֶͨΣʵһŵ˽⣬棬ȴû֪ˡ
ϣҳս
ԣպȴҡҡͷڵʵһ֣Ѫ̶ֱӷս
ʵ֮ǰնɱǼ۷ߣʵвСǼ۷߸Ķ֡
һǰߣǼ۷ȻڣһսȻսʱڵİȫҪˡպɫҲһǰĿġ
콣֮УλǼ۷һǳ룬һ˱պ飬һպս콣ھֻʣ³Ǽ۷ߡһʥصĸŵİȫȻҲʮֵҪȻлɽıûǿߵǻɽҲû˿á
ϣˡ
΢΢ͷ
ڵĻɽܼǿԪĹҲ֧һʱ䡣ھսʤ֮ǰȫġպ
Ŀպ뿪ɫҲǱպ齫ڵİȫиҲǸܵһַĸоͷ쳣ѹ


407 
պȻѾ뿪콣ڻн򣬵Ҳ棬ʱ콣֮УҲֻʣ´èСèֻѣûʲôǿս
ǰߵսԽļ콣ڣȴȻƽֻƽıȴޱȵѹ֡
룬սʼɽȣŵȻڳĶ
ŵĻһ
ڣҪʼˡһâϵϢ仯
ݡ
һǴӹ֮ȥ
ɽȡ
ʯǰſڵʯԣһΣףһһϢߵɢ˲ǱˣǽšŲٴΣĽţϵϢޱȵѰߣ޷ǳ룬޷оŵϢǴ˿̣ȴ·һҪʵֻԶԶһۣиоһ
ǻԪ
кȻṳ̂Ԫ޷ԪǸΣ˵ڵĳ룬ѾǼ۷ΪʵѰǼ۷ߣ׵նɱԴʱĽţȴһ˿СɣڵĽţһ׵ĽɱǻԪԶνĵԱģĻԪǿߣ
ˡŵĿڳϣѪһѾȫȫݣսʼˡ
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻԴԤϣǵ˻ӽ˵֮л𾪲ѡ
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ԳڵʵѰߣ޷вǻԪҪɱȴޱɣϾҪʲôԪؼʱ̣𵽱á
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ٴγǰߣԵΣգģΪвҲѪ̵ĻԪߣܲƤ֣ɾԻա
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Ȼ޷ֺܿαضء΢΢һЦû̫ģڵʵȻǻԪĶ֣ɿѪֻ֮ҪǻԪ߲ҪɱûġǰμӾս̡


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ӱǱˮ綼Ǽߣڱһϣ֮ΪóģǻԪصߣʱڣҲѻӱ
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ŵͷ֮УӱʵǿӱóóߣˣȻҲóķ棬ʵʵȴҪһЩ
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С̤Ǽ۷ҲһʱˣѵûԪԣЩ
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ĿѪԵϣϤӰѾϳǵԪ׷ɱ̫ŻԪǿߣ档

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޻壬ʺȺսִģսǿޣһЩСĹԭвսϣʹƵѪ̣ƾһİвս֮ϣͻʼڿ⡣ڣΪĳ֣Ǽ۷߸޷ֵҲǽͫԳǿ;޴ǿֵˡ
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סңûô򵥡Цһ㣬ֱɱǽͫԳ
գʮӰ֣ʮˣ˫ĻԪߡ
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Զӱһսչֳʵȴ˿ӱӱ߶һ޷ѹ档
棬ʵ֮ϡӱޱȵС֮ѰĵвСѹã棬Ȼ޷ѹƣֻһ㣬ܿʵ֮ϡ


410 Ԫµһ
ӱޱȣ棬ȡʤֻܹסԷֻҪϵʼǾӮˡ
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ڼɱȥѪħɫһ̶Ѫһߴϸߣ󣬺


411 ܾ
ҪΧɱ룬¶ҪλǼ۷ߣôǼ۷ߣѪǱǿߵһ룬ôǱȥնɱ˳룬ʲôֵպˣ
ս֮УѪһܳôǼ۷ǿ߳Ҫ֪֮ǰλǼ۷ǿߣѾѪڶս֮׽⡣»նɱ룬Ǿ͵ˡ
ɳչֳʵȴޱȵһǿߣȻܷɱ¾ȥֻ˺սԸ롣
ϾǼ۷Ȼǿ󣬿ɻṳ̂ԪѰ˺սȻδӵУɶܹв롣ֻҪϵԪεĽֳַʤͨߵĽ־ͲôҪˡ
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߿֮УͬǷ·ĳ룬ȻܹʵѾﵽ˰벽ԪĲΡ
εߣ˵׽磬Ԫ磬ҲΪټҪ֪ĻԪߣǼ۷ֱӿһ벽ԪߣǼ١
ʮ꣬Ԫߣ۽ʶǻʼ˿ɱȣӵף벽ԪεߣԪϣԶѰߡ
ƽʱţ˵ҵĻĶΪӣڣȴǲ㻵ҵļƻȻͳ룬¹ļƻóƻϾڳչֳʵʼһѹѪ̴򣬿Ҫ˶õʱ䣬Ѫ̾͵ܣԲԸġ

гһһĽâƳͬһ㣬˲䳯·ĳ뱬ȥ
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ഫ̤ԪߣԷֳΣһǿٻָֻҪƣڶʱڻָڶǶ֫ɱбնֽŶָܻǵѪֻҪһ˿Ѫ⣬ָܹ֮Ϊ֮Ȼ̤Ԫʱ̣ܶɵһٻָȴͬˡ


412 ֮
Ԫߣܹ֮׵ѹǼֻΪھΪϵĲ࣬ҲޱȾ޴ĲࡣԪĿֲָĳ룬Ҳ˲١
ֻҪֶ֫һشƣԻԪĻָָܻܿʱ̶ܱȫʤս
ʼһĿûие˿֣ԪߣٻָֻΪİˣ㱾¶ûУҷս
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ɫޱأȴͬţӵԪʵñȻʼ١
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棬֡ɫһϲոſڣɫȴ͵һ䣬һŵĿԼǰһɫĳֱӶϸ
㡭棬ѵͻһ֡

һϣԪµ𵴣ֱӻһѪըȫʬ


413 ǿ
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ͻһĻɸ߿ɱˣסˣһʱ䣬ɸ߿ռžޱȡ
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ѪħźѪ̹ϵΪУԼǺѪֵܣȻ̤ԪУһһλǰ;ɾһλȻԼһ͵Ϯɱˡ
ʲô˵أ治мһЦеѪУжһ˿ȡ
ΪԪӱ˿Ѿ֮ǰһˣͷ֣ʵڻʼ֮£һʵֻѾǴﵽ˻Ԫغ۷Ρ
Ԫȱǿյġһмɻ֮УȴҲ͸¶ΪԪ֡
㵽ʲôˣʼɫһĿ档
ȻӵԪʵǿֻǻԪһأʹԪʵҲѹơ治ͬʵǻԪأһӵԪû˿Եס
֪Ԫ硣Цһ
Ԫ磿
˻˵ɫʱ͵һ䡣
Ԫ磬˲һ֪ȴ֪һƬ磬޷Ԫ繵ͨһƬˣԪߣ޷ɵ硣
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˵Щ֪һЦ
ȻԼҲǻԵɺһƬ磬ȴ֪Щżգ˺ѿռ䴩ԽǿߣǿһƬ½ȻǰҪ޾Ŀռ֮ҵһƬλãͺһһİĳУûκε˽⣬ȴҪǰеһסլ⼸ǲܵ飬ҪҵһƬ磬ȫԼ֪һƬġ
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ʼһɫޱѿһƬ磬ǾվΪ۷Ĵڣ˭ô˵ǰ棬ȴѹǵ棬ȻߣӵԪʼ涼δĶ֡
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һۣԵͷɱȥǵʧȻСʱ˵ûᱻһ򾡣Ϊ½ߣȻԿС
볷״һѡҪôҪô

ԣʼ˶ʱŭΪԪߣҲԼĽվڴ½۷壬ǻʼΪ̤ԪأҲ˵߳
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룬ģ֣ԲǶ֡պɫأЦ˵
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̫Ϊ׷ɱɳλԪߣǼ߸ǲ֪٣ɼԷĽǻʮĴڣǽޱȣûаգԲܷ͵Ϯ

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µ׵֮ϯǿĻԪߣ֮Уٶȶʱ
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ǰƣܹ˶̵ʱڻָȻѾ̤֫ĵز
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·뿴һĻвЩʧȻͲ²⵽滹ǿĵƣɵʼ޷˵֮ȻǲЩʧ
һѪûѪУһ̣ѪѪɫ⻪תֻ˲䣬ȻѪȻֻǼ򵥵޷ӳѪеȫܣҲԲαԪɱȡ
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Ϊ˽죬׼ʱ䣬һѪķʱ䣬ѪѪ̺ѪѪӢľѪҲеµԭ򡣽ֻһѪ˲佫Ȼûϣע޷ӳȫܣʵؼʱ̣ԪܾܿǾʤĹؼ
鷳ˡʼɫޱأûԪ棬ѾѲԪ֮˭Ķ֣


414 Բ
һ̣˵ɫǱޱȵ
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ԣһԵĽŵˣ֣صĵ˵ͷ
Ҫ֪ʼȻʵҲﵽ˻ԪأٲҪǳ˴˸Ƕѡһ涯֣˿飬ʱǿ¶ñѹƣͬūһ㡣κһԪߣԸġ
ɱ
˲䣬ԭжԵѪһͻʼһλԪߣ˲ɱ档
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֮ǰһֱ̲ûʵûаһɱԲŻȴᡣϾһУȻᱻʱ߶֣ͻʼλԪصߣһʣﵽ˶֫ĲΣҲ˵ܹʤ
ݡ
ѪлӶµ׵֮𵴣ĵռ䶼΢΢
顫
£һµ촫ˣֱӱһѪɫɳȥһѪ
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Ļ˶һĪɵ˲ɣǶֵĲǳ


419 
߲֪еĳ룬ȴʮֵеĳ룬ǱˣǵԪ类̫׷ɱֻϧ긽ڳϣ۽ʶԶƬߣҲ뵽ǰİĳ룬ǵԪ类ǱƵͬھĳ롣
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420 սĻ
߲㣬Ҳʮֵ𾴣ֻΪԷʵҪΪԼ֮£һ弸顣һ˵Ҳ峤֣Ҳǡʱչأ峤ϸܸô¡
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421 
ʮ߽һսľϢ˲ϯλͻԪ൱ĳ룬Ȼ˭ܼģ˵ѰߣǼ۷εߣҪѡ
֮£ֻСǵһ壬Ҫύ׵ö࣬ڴսĵڶ죬½ǰǣݷóҡ
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ڣ֪Ǽߣȴޱȵĺܹõ˽̵ǼȻٳһλϸߣһλǼߣûпܵ顣

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423 ָ
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424 Ԫ
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Ԫ۷塣΢΢̾Ϣ
ΪҲֻǻԪضѣµ׽٣٣ҲȫԸοոտԪСֻһ׽٣ܷס˵
Ԫ۷壿
ŵԪѾǳǵʵοǻԪ۷壬ǵǿߣһ׵նɱǡ
֮ǰ׽ܣǻܸоһЩǻԪضѣѾǽӽԪأҪ֪ŵĵ׽ٶѣ
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ꡫ
ڴʱһϸ΢ȻСڳߣǻԪΪϸ΢˵Ķȴޱȵ

һ̣гѣһƬ
αԪڽ׽ǿµƻ֮£ǲظ׵飬һѲƬαԪ顣Ҳ˵ûУ֮֮ǰΣ˲֪ٱ


428 ֮
αԪˣ
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ŵɫ䣬ԭΪɹĵ׽ٵϲɫ˿̶ʱʧӰ١Ҫ֪һֱߵʵǲС
棬ʵҲͺͻʼ൱ǿѪ֮ʵʮλԪΧ֮£Ӧ硣ǳֱܣеıѾʹö꣬ʮֳ֣˵ԪαԪҲбĳ룬ʵһɡ
Сһɣʱһ˿ǾʤĹؼرڵĳ룬׽٣ÿһҪʡãҪӵޣôһ˿ܶɹ׽١ڣеıȴˣûУʲôֵ׽٣

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ûαԪʵεֵ׽٣
׽ٶ޷ֵεֵ׽٣
֪͸ýҵԪҲһڵ
֣Ƕûĵġӱ̾һ
֪αԪ׽֮ǿ϶ģԼαԪ룬ϾֻҪţİʵ̫ˡ
ܲܽαԪͽȥһԵڵ
Сʼ滹δڣԶȴҡҡͷȻαԪֻǱһ֣αԪ֮ϾͻϢҲ֣ʱ򣬲Ҫ˫׽٣ԼҪ׽ٲ
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Ҳûа취Ԫǿ԰ﵽ롣ʻ
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ΨһһԪԳãԪȻӵαԪȴǵϢǽαԪͽȥ˳룬Լñ׽ٲ˭ȥͣ
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һԵĽŵ˿Ǵӵĳ룬ȴû˿ϲ֮ɫǵȻܹʱĳ룬ǵ˺εĵزԳڵֵܵסǵ׽١
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429 콣
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׽٣붼ֱҪԪжɹ׽ٵϣٽ¾׽٣û˿ɹĿܡ

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ʱĳ˿ڣѪ죬嶼ֳһֹŤ״̬ȻȻɹ׽٣ɳҲֻʣһǻԪǿĻָҲֻʱסشƣѰߣȥ
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430 
ƣһͨĿ飬õĺôͬ޷ġ
߲ʹ⻪ѸٵĻָųϵƣһָһΣɹ׽֮ǰҪǿܵӰ˵ӰΪչˣ֮ϣԵϣвС
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һԵĻʼҲæϲ˵ڳ̤Ԫ֮ǰ˾Ѿ²⣬̤ԪҪ˶ãͻΪǿߡֻû뵽Ÿո̤Ԫ͵õԪʵѾԶԶԽʼ档
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Ϲ֮ս֪εԭһƬ׽ԪĿռͨһߣ̤ԪҲ޷ǰԪ磬ǵλǿ߽ٴȱǶһ̾
ʣֻǸո̤ԪԪ磬û˿˽⣬ΪһΣ
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ȱѾ뿪ʮ꣬ԭΪȱܹؽռͨʮȥռͨȻûбһɬΣһƬ׽޵УȻߵ硣
ûпռͨ˵ʣʵʸǿߣ뿪һƬ׽磬Ҫ֪Ϲ֮ս꣬һ壬гԽԪصǿߣȻǱһƬ硣
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ҡͷԪ磬׽Щ˽⣬ȻǿռͨǺεȵļ̣˵ԪǿߣԪߣҪռͨޱȵѡЩߣһǻĴڣһЩǿϹ֮սͻǶƻһռͨοһƬ׽ߡҪռͨǲܵ飬Ҳ̫Ҳֻͬǿǰǿ˺ѿռ䣬һƬ磬߻Ԫߡ


431 
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ǰԣһƬ߼ǰԪ磿һλԪǰģʼü
Ҫ֪ʮ֮ǰԪǿ߱λǿߴߣһ壬ֻʣλԪ߶ѡԪߣڴ½ϼ޵еĴڣΨһĿܣǱԪɱȴǻѵµλǿߣɱˣ
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ʮȥǰԪȱȻûܽռͨżŻǰѰҳ롣
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Ԫ磬ҲޱȵԪǿǲпܳߵľ硣
ǰԪĿռͨȻٵյλǿԣռͨûȫٵһ֣λѾ̽Ĳࡣʿڵ
ԣǰʱһǰԪĻᣬȻԸһƬ磬ϾһƬ磬Ȼǿ޵УѱٳԪͣʱֵܷδ֪
ҪǰԪ磬ͨĿռͨﵽ˺ѿռ䴩ĵزĿѹˣһƽ˵
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Ҫռ䣬Ҫľ˺ѿռ䣬ܹܿռ֮ʵ֮ڣʵĿڳϣЦſڵ
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432 
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뿪󣬳̱չأһͻƻԪɹ׽ٵĵø
ڳչصͬʱңԶգ޾ڰһ޴ΰĹһϵ֮ϡ
ңԶ磬ҸܵͬϢͻȻڣﻺ³һ仰
ߵȴ·ħ͸ÿһ䣬޴󹬵ڵ˻ͣе顣
ͬϢ
һ壬ϹŽѣ߼٣ߣһʥءȻżҲһɢ˱ҵѾǰˣ꣬ûзͬϢ
ԭǳϵѪһɱ䣬ʱҲϣɼˣһȻޱȵϡ٣壬һ壬ͷ㲻ϡ
ͬϡ٣ÿһˣǶޱȵӣ֪һ⣬жޱȵľϲ
ҵ
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֮ϣ΢΢˫ۣǰɫ˫һ⣬ƺ޾ڰݵյı˰

ͻƻԪ٣ڻԪ߶ԣһλҪ֪Ԫߣܹ֮ڶʱΪܴһֵԭ򣬾ΪϴԵʣһɹʱ䣬ޱȵĻ
Ҫ֪Ѫ淴ѵʱ򣬼ʥص棬ΪǻԪһڣͬʼ˶ﵽ˻Ԫһغ۷壬ȥ˵ΪҲֻǻԪһغں۷壬Ψлʼһ̤ԪذˡԪʮ棬ҲֻǻԪصΪԪΪǺεȵѡ
벻ϴ񣬸Ǿ׽٣ӴԶѰߣһչأ˾ͷ·ڵĺ֮С
ԭһЩĵطǵĺ֮зٵһʱ䣬ȫ˵Ĳ֮С
ʱţһתۣʱȥ
һ򣬱ʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ڻԪ߶ԣʵ̫ˣǼ۷ߣҪչأ궼̫
ʱ䣬ջȴޱȵľ޴󣬻ĸ
û뵽һαչأȻȥʱ䡣΢΢˫Ŀɫһ˿֮ɫ
Ҫ֪еڣʵеʱ䣬ʮ꣬˵ıչأһıչأûо
ʱ䣬ڶʮĳԣȴ൱İ˾ŷ֮һȷǺܳʱˡ
һεջȴҲǾ޴󡣡϶һ˿Цݡ
ʱ䣬Ĳ˲Сڵʵһ¶׵˺ѿռ䡣ĻԪߣֻ׾նɱ
Сӣôͽ˱չأڴʱһͻأȴһԵ콣顣
ӳ뾭׽ٻ콣ѾԪֻҪ߷ſգѰԪȫͬϾԪԼĽײԪҲǶߵһֿ顣
ЩܹյĸȴûʲôͷһЦ
ϴ׽٣ʵ̫࣬ľϾ̫ͣܶĶ޷򣬿ɾˣȻջ޴
׽٣еı޷򣬴Ϊ·ҲвСİ鿪ڵ
콣꣬ˣǾǿߣȻ콣鱾ʵޣɼʶ˵룬ǻǧĻԪδرȵ
΢΢ͷȻ׽еĺܶණڶ޷򣬵ЩȴӡԺ֮УߣޱȱĲƸ
Ȼʱڵ֮޷磬ڻԪ߶ԣǱĹؼһﵽѪĵزڻԪΣв콣鿪ڵ
棬ƾ֫磬һʮǳʩչ𣬸ɱ档֪ʱ棬֫ҲֻСɶѣǴԲ֫˲ָȻͲ֮ЩࡣɳԴ࣬޷ɱ֫ԲߡѪǿ£ֻСɣѾûҪ꣬޷ɱһѪǺεȿµı
̤Ԫһ㶼ϺķѴǿԪ޾ĻԪԵΪҪ
ʵǶ֫ΣȴѾǽӽѪߵıҲм
ӵħѪ֮ԭѰ֮ϣ̤Ԫ磬Ѿǽӽ֫Ρ
ٻָ˵κ߶ΪͬƣָҪʱҲ̣Ȿһֿٻָı졣̤Ԫָֻεɱ䣬ҲǷ˼ı仯ֻҪֶ֫ƣܼٵĻָٻָ˵ֻǻָѣ֫ĳ̶ֳȶԣѾ˻ָһΣ֫ѾǴ޵Уֱ
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ʱţһαչأһȥ̤˶֫ĵزȻֻǸո̤룬ԶԶûдﵽ޲ΣһεĿٻָԣѾһʵı仯
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ֻǳҵĵ̻̫ˣĿǰδǼߣƿһԵЩЭƿһҲȽϷڳҵ
뻹ǱȽģһֱһƬ磬һ뿪Ȼ콣ںƸȻԱ֤ڵĵλɱϾһĻʵĪҲǿż֧֣󴫳꣬һ


433 ٻغ

ԵѪ̷һսĴѾĺ˾ʥء콣ŸһԾΪݵһţ˭콣ŵ˳š
Ϊ룬콣ڶ̶̼֮ڵõ˾޴ķչѾǼ۷ΪǲļλǼǿǼʥطڶûеĴ
콣ȻչѸ٣콣ţչȴǳңĳңϸߣнʮˣȻ٣Ҫ֪ʮλϸߣԳңһСǵļ塣ʮ֮ǰڵĳңڵĳҶԣһȻ
ȻûԼϸߣȴϸĿ䣬ҵһλ䣬Ǳˣ׳ǵ׳׳ͳұ˵Ĺϵų׳ȻˮǴߡ
һԾΪһļ壬⿤˵ûƿһ֮أ˶֪ǻ᲻һ֮أǵĳûʵŪɳ׾óЭҹһǷ˲ţʵΪ׼ѡ
λ˵ͳʶ΢ĩ±濴ƺ˿ʵϣֻǿȴǿңݿҲÿͿ
ڵĳңڣǰǾ޴ĸۡɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ĳң͵ǸƿغǵĳҲͬնſڵŷصΪ֪ĳңǿߣҲΪѡ
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һ·լǸܵڲʮǿϢЩϢЩʮֵϤǳҵߣлһЩϢôϤΪǿϢȻѾǴﵽǼһϢ׳
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⡭ðɡĽԣһЦ
ǳҵ֧Ȼ飬ֻǳԼҲ֪һصҵϢҶᰲ
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˵һ·ڵĳңҲ˽ֻ࣬Щ͸˽ģĳҵΣҲֻгԼ
涼ܺãڿð˲ٲҵԴ͹ȱĽЦ˵
Ҳ˳ҿľλ˲ٵԴͲҵȻ̲㣬ʵϣڿڵĵλ֮¡
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Ȼ巢չܿ죬ڵϣԵЩ㣬ڵϸߣֻʮˣһߡĽ̾һ
ʱ䣬չȷܿ죬ɳٶȸ죬ֱһ죬Ȼ㣬Ȼ巢չܿ죬ڵĵλԣǲ˲١Ҫ֪ĿĶǼ߰صǿһЩǿĿǼǿߡ
ĵ̲Ƕʱܹģüĺǰ콣źϳҵԴӦúܿܳɳ뻺˵
ԼϸǼ򣬱ڼ֮УϣԼ
˵ǽݸ򽻸˳ĽƣԪΪ;磬ݸ򣬾Ƿʥ֮УҲڵĵøȻҲܿسңóңĵøǾԲ⴫ģǻĸ
ĽСĽĵøպãѾǵǸССߣȻףµĵøǺεȵҪ֪ʥ֮ԷչӴǻԪߴ似ĵøŷչǿ߲Լĵø򴫳Уʥزܷչز
뿪֮ǰּ˳Х׳𣬳һߣ츳ߣȻųµĹԴ̤ϸҪ뿿Լʵ̤Ǽȴޱȵѡ׳ȻǼ츳ҲޣһܳԪ
ָ׳һڵľ磬һָ㣬׳ԣǾ޴ĻԵȻ޷Ԫָ̤Ǽػǲѵġʱʵһ֮УҲǶǿˡ
뿪ңҡ
ԭ츳ͲΪһļ̳ˣԴбѾϸ۷Ϊ̤ǼҲһ֮ңˡ
ݡݡ
СԺУһӿϵһ׺Ľʩչ
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Ͼڵĳ͵겻ͬĳǻԪߣΪһǿߣԪ޾Ĵڣֻϸ۷ΪԪꡣԪߣһαչأ϶ˡȻǰϺͳʶ˭Ҳ˵̤Ԫ󻹻᲻ǵѡǰȴ֮佫ЩҥԻ顣
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ݡ
һĽʩչϵǰʱһ̳ڳĽ֮С
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Ƭ֮ܵԪʱʼϵͷۣǿԪֱϯ
ͻˣܵڵԪɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ʱΪ죬ɰĹƣͻǼӦûһʱǣȴûϾȻôͻǼ
ֻܵǹԪĲߣǸܵǲԪ
Ȼһ̣ԪĲȴͻأʧ·δֹһ㡣
ʧˣɫһ䡣
ʧˣǿͻƵĲϾڳͻǼɲСڴʱγʡ
ǿԪһ㶣һ̣ԺвһӰ
Ҳ뵽ˣӦλˡ΢΢һЦоο֮ɫ
ԪΪϣ̤Ǽĳ룬ܷǵңǶûʮգҲʱύҵԵʣȻ޷룬ύҲáջûʧ벢û΢ĩʱύĺѡ
ؼԪѰߺߣȻ޷һֱ̤࣬ǼŽĵ֮ܳȥ


434 ռ
ڵϵϻ˫ۣϾϲɫ
лһм
֮ͣҪԼΪϸ۷壬ֻһѡ΢΢ҡͷ
ԣҲԣеĸм֮ɫȴû˿ˡ
˵Ѿ̤ϸ۷壬ǰҳϵĲ²⣬Ҫ̤Ǽûʱ䣬ܡûг룬ٻҪʱ䣬̤Ǽ˵ʱѾܶݣǶ߶ԣԽ̤ǼɾԽ󣬻Ǽʱ䣬ǳԪĹؼڡ
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ԭͻƵʱĲǾѾֻΪ²⵽ڴˣͻƵĲǲûǰʱѾͻƳɹҲ̸˹
ĳǻԪߣǿߣЩǼߣڻԪǿ߶ԣһĴڡϺͳЩϵһ붼δܹ
Ҫ֪Ԫߣһαչؾ꣬ҲǼΪģ˵ĿǻһʼڵŵӣһΪܼʼ棬֪ʼ滹Ԫ߾ָ󱲵ģĻԪߣ͸Լ
ضҺǺѣɳܲô񡣡æ
ҲͰˣ뵹ǲϣϵĸףǼʱǲսǼ߿ɲͬ
ңҡæ
Ȼ˵ţɲʧ񣬳ڿһǿߣӵлԪļ壬ǲ壬ԶԶҿɱȣ³Ծӣȴ˿дڣշңԺʣһ飬뻹Ըշң˭˵壿һˣ̬Ȼŵõ͡
̤ǼǴϲһϾΪҵõһĿ̳ˣ̤ǼġԽ̤룬ôԽࡣ
̤ǼҲΪָ˲ٵĵøܹɳʲôزֻпԼ
ֶһ֮󣬳뿪˿ǣǰǡ
ĺǣǳҵأҲڴˣǳҵһλϣ֮ٴΣΪȱĺںǸȱĺǣʱҲרŵػϾ˶֪븸ĸĺǶԪǿ˵ĺǣȻСػ
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һӰͷǰ
ǰͷĬǰֻһ¶С͹ܶȻ⸸ĸ飬һȻи̫ˣûмԼĸףģ֪
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콣ڣһڳ
һȻ̤Ԫɸĸȴˡ̾һ˵ǼٵģֻģҲûãܸ
һЩǿߣ͸ʱⳤӣ߸ͻȻ
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΢΢һҪ֪ѪȻųƲ֮ʵϻǻᱻɱϹ֮սսļǻԪϵߣջڸǸЦôҲֻһлˡ
飬񣬳Խǿߣ૵
飬ǻԪ֮о磬콣ˣ޵ǿߣ콣ԣʵΪǿ󣬵걻׷ɱս֮£ֻǱɵı޾գһƬݣǺεȵǿߡ
ΪʲôһֱԸң֮ʲô磿ͻȻЩ
콣꣬󾳽磬ޱȵǶ֮ϣȴǻĪûи֪Ĵ㡣
Ǹ磬ڵԣ̫ңԶҪøԶ˵ıҲǸ硭΢΢̾ϢԸ˵
㶼ûģ΢΢һЦû˿̤ԪףԣԪֻһµĿʼڵ۷壬Ȼǲʮǧ
ԽһܹоâʼʱԼܹ̤ԪջˣȻѣԼȴġ
ܵģûڴ룬ֻԽǺεȵѣǰţջṳ̂һ߸ȴ֪㳬Խ񶼲ֻһ˵ľ磬콣ˣ𣬶Ļη塣֪Ȼֻ޵ΪսǳԽ֮£ˣ֪أ
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Ҫ֪ʼˣ̤Ԫһغڣ˼ǧӽֻ꣬˲ʮѡ
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ڵʵ׾ǿ˺ѿռ䣬ȴ޷ռ䡣΢΢̾Ϣ
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죬Լ֣һΪ鱾ӵ콣⣬ҲΪ˼콣һˣˡ
ռһǴѶȣڻ֮ϣȻҪռ֮ѶҲһĴ󡣡Ц
ռʱ䶼ǴǼΪѲĴҪ֪ǿռ仹ʱֻдﵽԪΣпܽӴͬһ㣬Ϊ޷Ӵڳ̤Ԫһдͷʼ
ٶȣտռ䴩ҲʱѣԤϵĻҪһЩЦ˵
Ҫ֪֮ǰʲ²ܹռ䴩⻹Ǹݳɹ׽ٿµ츳Ʋ⣬Ȼ˵뼸տռ䴫˵Ǳʵ²ʱʮ
ֻǳڣҲʮʱ䣬ʱ䣬ԣʵ̫ˡ
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ϧҪԪˣӱϢɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ʮʱ䣬ҲֻǼϧһζѡ
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ʮ߱ÿһ䣬ϧ³ԪȻûȥ˼
Ͼṳ̂Ԫ˭Ҳ˵һܹɹǳ룬̤Ԫ׽٣һ䡣
ԶڳϧһκԪҲΪԼԪʱ򣬻Ҫš
ȻԶɶڻԪ߶ԣҲһʱ飬ʱǳݵؽ硣


435 Ԫ
һݣһǰѾȥ֮á
Ѫ̺ͻʼھսѾȥʮ֣꣬Ѿ񵱳ǰ贫Ȼųֻ֣Ǵʱĳ룬һ˵һ񻰡ܶ飬ھʮѾǺ͵ȫͬ
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һ·ǰУƸȥ
ǰɱһϢϤһâһǴԭʧ
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Դ̤ԪͬѼƺǰҲֻ⾪ԼƽĶ˶ǿͿЩӦ
⡭ðɡܳԥһ£Ц
ԪΪϣǻԪߣԪߣܵԾӣ³ʵͱҪС
֣ǰҲΪǰƸ󣿡ܳڳͳϧµĹϵȻޱȵڳ뵽Ҳûие̫⡣
΢΢ͷڵҽΣ
ãܳæͷһλһǿ߽飬ȻߵĲǹɽָֻ㣬¶õġ
Ҫ֪ǻʼ棬룬ޱȵľ塣̤ԪйݵĽһʼҲòǳοۿɹ׽٣ǵĴΪҲǰݳ͡
ܳԴ̤Ԫ֮󣬱𵱳Ѫڰеʱ򣬰࣬ܳʵȻʲôΣաܳԸӵļͣͬ߳ɳزҲǸпѣ֮ǰѾˣһߣвС
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ŵˣѾȳһʱĳϧѾڴУϾԪĶСʱ˶ڵȴųϧ³Ԫһ̡
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ԭǻΪ̤ԪеٶȶٻὫһЩϾĲǸεĲЩߣޱȵĻһƺڳû˿ĺۼȻڶ̶ʮʱ䣬ΪȻѾﵽ˻ԪһڡҪ֪ǴﵽΣǧʱ䡣
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һʱţһ֮󣬴ڵĳϧ֮Уһɿµѹ١
ڳļˣǻԪߣǿµѹȻޱȵϤǼ۷ߣټ
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Գ̤Ԫ֮󣬳ϧоͿʼЩͽϾԪߣԪ޾ǼߣֻǧԪˡǧԪһͻʼһĻԪߣյӣΪĸ̫࣬һδģѾϾܾһε˸Сǧ֮󣬳ϧģ
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ѹ֣ΪĪʱ򣬷ɢȴҲԭԭɢһΪ޷ͻơӱȻһЦ̤Ԫ֮ΪĪֻϧʱ۽ʶ;綼̫ͣûвĪɢ
ԭǵĪϸµġ̾һǳ벻˵ǿԶ֪
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436 
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ʱǿɵȥأϲ£һǵһʼҲЦˣںǻǺǣ
ǣֻһСǣԻԪߵݵλ¶֪СǣΪԺǣǵ֣ѾǴΪԪĻʼҲǲİ
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ĽˣܹԶһ𡣡һп
ЩԪߣӱûнɼ֮⣬˶ɼҵм崫ֻǵӣ䣬ԪֻǧԪˣڻԪԪԣʵ̫ݡΪǵΪ̫ߣûĺ¡
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֮ǰҲˣôȥӱлֻĪ硣ʼ̾һ
ԣҲǳĬǰôȥˣӱǶԴɫɽֻǵ֪ĪϵԼǣԵЩʧ̬ɼӱĪĸ֮
֪˻ԪߣǵԱͼͣһθ鶼ʱȥãȥӱȻֻĪ棬Ƕȷӱ᲻ſԼģˡ
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ʼһԵļʹһɫæ˳˴
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Īϵ䣬ڳԣһСĴ𣬶ԳҲǼ뿪ʼڵĳ룬һαչء
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½֤ľҲڻš

֮УһĲһ̣һǱӰƾճ֡
󲻵ҵܲסڿռ֮ϵĸǲЩǱӰһЦ
ǱޱȵӰǱˣǳ룬Ѿܹռ䣬ڿռһϵĸʵڲЩǶ֫Բ磬Ȼռ䣬ˣ󣬿бΣա
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437 ǧ
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Ȼ˸ڳĻϵңɴʮǰҾͼѲص˳һδ飬ֻһЩϤѺͻԪߣ˸֪ںǾٰǳ룬½ǿ߶ӵ
һĺѣսĹսѣϵִǡ
֣òΪٰ㿴ŲԶǫЦſڵ
ǫѾǼߣ콣ŽΪһʵԶ֮ϣҲϾǽϹսţͬǼǿߡ
ΪҲͣȴġǫЦ˵
⾪ͳϵɲ˿ɱȣ˵ֻΪ츳ܵŵչ˶ѣ⾪ƾͳĹϵŸ߲չмѣ뻹ָ㣬Ԫߣһǿָ㣬ǶǼ۷ߣˡ̶ʮʱ䣬⾪𲻵̤ǼΪѾǵǼ۷壬ǫ㻹Ҫǿϼ֡
˳ɾͣȴҪл֡⾪Цŵ
һԵǫԣҲûз˼⾪𣬱ǫ㶼֪⾪츳ǳǼ¶вС鷳Ϊ룬⾪𲻽̤ǼǼУΪҲ졣
ĽĽҲף⾪ͳϵĽģǿ΢ĩʱཻĺѡ
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ԶʣһӰӶһڻԪߣͳϧ´飬Ǿ޽е飬еĻԪߣȻܴ

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ԣǻʮʣҲǵһβμӻԪߵĻ
ʼ˸ǲ˵ˣֻǻ˲ʮ꣬ʶԣǺ󱲣ԪߵĽϣǸδŹ

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Ȼѣ˵ģǳ뻹ǳϧ£ʵϣԼѪġȻ뷨ҲֻܷУұ̫
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һǧ󣬳ϧڻУΪϲѣܰ嶼ǷˣΪܰϸ֮һ˵򣬻Ҳв츳ʮ꣬ʮ̤꣬ܰǼеĻԪߣ϶ܹ̤ܰԪ
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һЦƬ̺󣬲ǿڵǱѾ׼ãҴЩʱ䣬̳
ϧһƬ̺󣬲΢΢ͷҪ뿪飬ֻ֪û뵽һ쵽Ȼ˸С


438 ټ
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֮һǿһ룬ʰһ֧˵ȥһ壬ޱش顣
ǿߺһǿߣԣͰǷϾǵʵܹǣǣҲֻб˴˵ѡ
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΢΢ͷһһ޴Ŀռѷǰһ̣α뵽ǿռѷ֮Уգ֮䣬Ѿʧ
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ĸ׷İɣԸ׵ʵԲΣյġһԵĳܰڵ
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һԵĳϧ²ÿɷĵ˵ͷԽռͨǰԪ磬ǿ߽֮ǰЩԪǿߣδԹ飬ȻͰ׼˺ܾã˭ұ֤һûΣգ
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Ҳһɬֻ˵ǶС˿ռ籩˿̾Ҳû˿İ취ʵȻȰǿһЩǿҲΪޣû취ͬû취

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飬Ԫ粢٣ںЩǼߣɶԷ̤ԪǰҲǼΪ顣飬̫Ҳû


444 Χɱ
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ҡûзϵ˼Ŀɨﳤˣ΢΢˵ͷ
̫һвĵˣͻԵʵɱ񵱳ԸֻǼ۷һ
»ԪߣֶԸǼߣҲδ̫ʧ˰ɡճɫһ˵
һ˵Ԫ߲ԸЩǼߣϾǼߣڻԪУһѣǧһԪ޵ųɾŵߣֱ
ҲֻЩпܳΪԪŻûԪ߶ɱģֱӴΧǼ֣߳ȴǼٵġ
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Ը̫ţһǿԵûзҸڳϵݡ޳ͻȻڵ
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ţԣﳤ˵ɫһһҪ̫ˣ
˵棬ǲʱˣǾó㱾ɡһЦһһӰɱճϡ


445 ɱ
ճ֮УʵģΪǻԪһ۷壬ۼɱճϣзﳤһΣǳˣͬʱǲԶ޳ϣҲǳųɱȥ
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ҵסճϮһԪ˲߶ޣд󵶻Ӷµĵӿɲ֮䣬ӭϮĽ⡣
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⵶һһ̣ǵֱӱ飬ٶȲĺճϡ
ôǿ
ճɫһ䣬Ҫ֪Գ룬ȫ֣û˿֣ȫ֮£Ȼûܹ˿ֵסĹʵȻԤϵĻҪǿ
顫
ճȫ£ճϵɫʱһ䡣

һ̣ճϾֵĲҽУֱӱķ飬һѪֱӱը
ϵܣ
ʦܣ
һĻһɱﳤϺ޳ɫ͵һߣദ꣬ɲѰ߿ɱȣȻճϵʵ֮ģҲһͱնɱԪغͻԪһ߲ȻҲûдﵽһɱĵزԪ֮Ҳ˶ѡ
֣СӵĽͱйŹ֡һԵ޳ǿѹͷıˣ˵
ĽӦ𵴴ݵĽǱûпӦԪﳤɫص
Ԫټ̫ţҲֻһѣС˵Ԫ磬Ԫ׽ɱˣԪǿҲ࣬ǿһСӵԪɲס
Сӵʵս¶ﵽ˻ԪأʦܣҪСģסǰﳤæ
ܹһնɱճϣӵлԪصսﳤҲ˿⣬ϾΣʵһ΢СĲ࣬ǾʤĹؼ
޳ɫصĵ˵ͷʵԳ룬ΣգаţֻǸס룬ȻʵԤϻҪǿ󡣲ֻҪסƬ̣ǰǻԪ۷ߣҲһ
ಡಡ
˱˴ϣޱȽɱ롣
Сˣ
ɱǳֱ˴˻ǵģһЦȻһնɱԪһߵʵѾǸܵв¶Ѿ֪ͨڡ
Ҫľ֪̫ͨţǲǿ߳Ͼʵ湥ܹ̫ţֻн̫ŵǿûдıӳ֣ҪԸ̫ŵĻԪߣɾɶˡ
ϧڻɱǵʱ򡣡
оâһʵȫǻԪصߣһնɱȴھͶɱˣڶֹȻɱǰˣֻǰ̫ǿߣֱŵ˻ȥϾڵ̫ţԪߣҲֻˣһˣֻ̫ҪɵܼͳӲ
˫סԷȻֵܲɱ˴ɱȴ󣬳ȻƳɱΣʵϣֻӰˡ
һתۣ˫ɱѾ˲յʱ䣬һ̫ž˵صľ룬֪ʱ֡
ôãҲʱˡоâһһ̣һΣֱӳɱﳤϡ
ҿɲϵﳤһѾϢʮʱ䣬ܸϵﳤȻʱóɹͻΧ
ݡ
볤һһµĽ֮ռ䶼Ϊ֮һ
ҵסﳤŭһµϢ𣬳һ콣Ӱͬˮһ㣬ķסϮһ
顫
һˮֱɢݺݵﳤϵϡ
ۡ
µϮﳤһѪѪ֮ԼһЩƬȻһ֮£ﳤѾˡ
㡭
ﳤɫһ䣬죬壬ֱӴӰյȥ
Ȼǿһ֮£ڲѾɽԴȫ࣬ûдϣ뿴ŵﳤϣЦ
ﳤϵճǿ˲٣ֻ¶ﵽ˶֫ĵزԴ࣬ȻǱɣֻΪ̫ǿһ֮£ﳤûˣڷѾͬ࣬ڵϣֱӱһ̯ѪۡҪ֪ԻԪߵɸ߿յ䣬Ҳܶɶ˺
֣ȥﳤϣ޳ɫ䡣
˴˿̣λ֪һʼʵ
㵽Ǻˣ޳ϴ
һ׾նɱﳤϵߣڻԪ֮п¶ǿߣ˵ʮ̫꣬Ȼʮ߲꣬٣ǿߣǾԲǡʮ֮ǰ̫žһΣǰλǿߣʮĴڣô᲻λԪ֣ԣǰߣҪôǿߣҪô̫ŵġ
ڣʹﵽʵֱ˼飬Ҫ֪̫ŵʮ꣬ҲǻԪص߶ѡΨһĽͣǰߣĳһ̫ŵġ
Ҫˡ
һնɱﳤϣ벢û˿ֱͣ˺ѿռ䣬˲ǳ޳ǰ
˺ѿռ䣬㡭޳ͫһһֻ̣Լǰһ⣬˵˲ٵſȥ
ڶնɱﳤϵʱ򣬳;شռϾʱϢѪ̵ߣ˲䳷룬ɱﳤϣڵһʱ޳ϣ̫ŵ
ոնɱ޳ϣǸоԶӰӶΪһӰɢϢǸеһ˿в
ԪڣϢеĻҪǿ󣬴Ӧþ̫ŵˡüͷһĿҲǱ
̫ŵĴʼˣҲ̫ŵԪ׽粻ͬһ׽ߣ̤Ԫ֮ҪôǰԪ磬ҪôԪ磬ԪߣֱΪֻǴڲɵֵд£Żᾪ
ճϢ̫ŵǻԪ۷ߣѾ֮ǰϢճĲ²⣬ʵٶǻԪؼޣп̤ԪءڿʵѾǻԪڵΪȳΪǿ˽һ硣
ӣﳤϺ޳أԶԶƼ룬бһֲõԤУ֮ǰѾõϢճϱԷһնɱǾ֪С˳룬õϢ̸ƺһ
ŵѪۺ޳ϵʬ壬ɫ͵һ䣬ﳤϺ޳ϣȻѾˣҿӶ˲䱻ɱ˲ܲǷϢ
һԵ߿ɫһ˿֮ɫ
ܹﳤ϶Ϣǰ˵ʵǴﵽ˻Ԫغ۷塣
Ӧ䣬˵ʵɲﳤ˿ɱȡ˲ۣολϡ
λϣһ˵ΪѾǻԪڣһҲǻԪغڲΣʵﳤǿ˲ֹһΣҲǽĵڣ֣һĻԪسߣĶӡ


446 ׷ɱ
ǻԪڵΪԪ֣ս¶ȻԪغڵţȻ塣һԵˣûнǰĵϾǵʵǿҲǱﳤǿһ㣬ﳤ϶նɱǿɲãԼܱﳤǿ١
ǿߣвôܲ壬ʮĴڣԶѰ߸ϧ
ǺˣΪ̫ԣɱгϣɫһ俴ų롣
ʵҲʮֵļɵϾﳤϵʵ֣Ҳ˵ܹɱ޳ϺﳤϣöԷŵĻᶼûС
ʦг룡
֮Բ˵Լǵĳ룬ãԼлʲô֮ܣ󽣾ħѪҪأԲܹ¶
룿
һ
̫Ŵʮ꣬ǿв٣вһЩԪߣڽļ֮Уƺвûһгߡ
룬֣ƺЩ졣һԵĻԣüͷһһ˿˼֮ɫ
ˣǧ걻׷ɱˣ˵󽣵䡣ͻȻ
ԣһԵĽһλҲǻعڳ֪Ĳ࣬˵ʵǲ׷ɱ룬ҲֻΪ˱֤󽣾һʧˡֻû뵽󲻵ûץס룬ʧ٣ǲǶ󽣵䣬ֻܲ
Ͼ̫žôλԪߣʮĽ飬㽻󽣵䣬϶ҲȫûҪд󽣵䣬ֻǳҲʵɰˡ
ôܣֻǧߣʦǡǻ߿ų룬һŵ
Ҫ֪ʧٲǧʱ䣬ʱ䣬̫ʷԣޱȵĶݣǰʦǰ˶ꣿ̶ǧնɱԪصս
Ҫ֪ʮ꣬ʵ
һ̣ǽɫҲǱޱѿȻʵףô£ϾǻԪصΪԪ֣ϳӢ꣬Բ׾ܹƵġǰӽǧʵɾͻжߣٹǧ꣬׸̫š
̫׷ɱʦ𣬵ȷЩԣҲɱ̫λԪߣҵ굱ˣҲ䲻̫š¾ʹ˰Σһ˵
ĿڽϣһЦҲԣҪһƷԪ
ʮƷԪɫһ䡣
ԪҲƷһƷԪ൱һٿƷԪʮƷԪһǧƷԪҪ˵̫ʮ꣬һǧƷԪеģɱˣ̫ƿذҲǼΪܹȻƿһƬ̫ŻҪ򱳺ĴϽһֵ棬ܰȻٴΡ
ɳһھֱҪǧԪɫȻÿǧԪ̫ȻõóһóҲ˽ǣο̫ŵĻԪֻʣˣΧȻ̫ŵĻҵʮ̫꣬ſ¶ù֪һαԪҲǰңõĲԪǧԪԪˡ
һҪ̫ˣɫһ
ǧԪ̫õóɾóȻͬ⣬Ҫ֪ǧԪԱİΣˡ
Ȼ㲻ͬҵҪֻԼˡЦһһɱ˽ˡ
ŭ̶Ե˴ɱ˴ˣԲ뿪
츳̫һѣȻףţ뿪̫ſɾΣˣ˵ʲôʱͻᱻԷˡ
ɱ
ಡಡ
˳ƷΣɱǰ棬ฺɱĽˣȻ׽Ļʼ˿ɱȡ
ֻһ֣Ǹܵ˶ԷѲ
ȻҵʵɱҪ̫ŸܣһЦһ̣һֱʧ
ǡռ䲨ռ䡭ͫһһʱףΪʲôﳤϺ޳ŵĻᶼûС
ռ䴩Ȼֱ˺ѿռɱУսУȴ˲࣬˷һ£һλʵ֮£ҪǿߣͻȻ߶֣»ûӦˡ

һֱ̣ӳ˻ԡ
һ£ס֣ͬҪ󡣡һĻＱæ
ܹռ䣬֪˾Բɱõ룬˵ɱ˳룬ʱϳʮȫһ·ռ׷ɱ͵ϮǣԼΣգολϡ
顫
ĻոǻߵֱӱɳȥһѪɫޱȲ԰ȻĻóջ˲ǻ߾Ͳôˡ
Ƴϣû°ɣæ
ˣҪָҲʱ䡣߿Ц
ȻˣɻȴޱȵңҪǽʱڣѾˣܹռ䴩ĳ룬ܹǣֶͶӵܹʵռǿߣκβó롣
ӵпռ䴩ĳ룬ѰЩѾڲ֮أֻҪǿֱӳɱԷϳ֮УЩͬӵпռ䴩ߣҲѶʲôв
ʮ򡣡뿴Ž
ղŲǲʮ򣿡ԣдŭȴұֳ
ôֵƷԪջغˡĿڻϣƽ˵
㡭ɫһ䣬ôܳϻֵ߲ƷԪҪ֪̫ŻԪߴʧһλԪԪߵģ̫ţɾˣ
Ҹҧ
ʮƷԪӳһֱӸ롣
ʶһɨ̱Ƿ֣ʮƷԪ
ȻˣǾͶлǣ
һЦһֱ˺ѿռ䣬ʧǰ
ȥĳ룬˫Ŀֱܹɱ룬ͷɻˡ
ʮƷԪǰһ۵
ԪȻ󣬲ŸҪûţǲɢ޶ѣ츳ޣʱӸӲù̾һ
ԪصΪǿʵϣ̤Ԫʮ꣬޷ռ䣬Ǳޣټ֧ţʵ
ֻʣλԪ֧࣬ھһЩǱţʡŵ㣬ɹʮ꣬ͺˡҧ
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ܹ˽һԹҲãǲõµĹӣҪԵľĿˡ̾һ̫ʧأܵҲò
ʮڣӦþܴռ䣬ʱ̫ţָܻ۷壡
ಡಡ
Ӱӣ̫ϳȥ


447 
벢ûֱӸ̫ţһ֮̽ͷ㣬̫ϳӪ꣬Ҳǿйơϳڣ̫Žɹ˿أǳǿ󵽿ֱӺ̫ϳĻɽ
ֻǰճĲ²⣬ҪﵽǸΣޣҪʱҲ̫̣ɲ뽫ʱ˷档
̫ţȻޣ˵̫׷ɱҲ׽磬ڵĳɾ͡˵ѾһgѣȻ֪ܸ̫ţ͸ıˡ
թ̫һʣթҲ̫źùնɱﳤ˵ļƻտŴռֶ彪ƵöԷͷʮƷԪ̫Ҳ˽ǣȥλԪ̫ʵӣҲù
һĿĴﵽˣһõٵĺôڳԣѾ㹻ˡ
̫ŷһкܿǴܣʵ̫̫ʧλԪߣȻŹĻᡣ˵Ҫ̫ţ̫󣬿ɲʳ̫ŵĵ̣Ƕԣȴɲ
̫һʵ̫֮µ
̫λԪɱԳ飿һ·ӵĻ㱨ɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
ߣǴĴߣʵڽ֮£˽ֵĴ٣ʵε֮УҲǱȽϿǰġɾ̫ŲʧλԪߣԳֶ飬̫ŵĵʵҲδ̫һЩˡ
ǵĵʲôˣü
ΪΪˣ߲֪ҪýǺεȵĿѡ˿̽ǵ˵ʵԶڽ֮ϣýûеͶԷ⣬Բ䡣
ԷƺͻȻֻ֣֪һӣһУ·һӿЦ
ϾҲû뵽̫ŻᱻƵΣԵǷӦʼռϢʱ̫Ǳͷ˴󲿷ֵϢЩϢҲֻ͸Щ˵ߺ߲ȷġ
һӣüͷ΢壬ȻӿеӲûʲôӰ졣
棬ѾʼжҪҪӿڵ
ԣȴҡҡͷڵ˵һ̫ʧСɽڣʧߣǻԪ£Ӱ쵽̫ŵĸ
һţΪҪľϳڶλǿߣֻҪ⼸ǿû䣬ϳڣڣЩԪ޾ĻԪ߶ԣھܷչ߿ļǵãʮ֮ǰ̫ŲԪ߽Сţʮȥ̫ŵӽˡ
̫ȻʵҲ˭ģ߲ռˣһ̫ԪָȻֻҪڣ̫žͲḲ
۲켴ɣûбҪκУҪǾλԪߣʱͿԽǵõԴҲࡣоâ˵
ԣڵ˶ǵ˵ͷʮλԪߣĵߣֻҪﵽʮλԪܽǱõԴ֧Ҳ࣬ƿطԲǧ£
֪Ǹ߲ӣ˿ڵһǳڡ
ڣϥû˼Ž·
̫ŵĶԹ˽ˣҲڶȻ̤Ԫϸ˵ԪʵһʼԪЩվ۷ʵڵһֻǿϰˡ
ŴǰҶڶû˽ҲǼ١а
Ԫ簴յ򻮷ΪŴ򣬾Ŵ֮УΪңа˾ŸΪûѹǿʹޱȡȶֻ࣬ǿһЩֻһΪҲǱϵǿ
ƿرǴħһͳһʵǿޱȣȻҲһЩǿţɴħȴǱϵǿ
һһĦ̣һΪ
Ҳ޼㣬һ
õ󽣵䣬ŵĴУ򶥼ţһšţʥ̫һ̡ʥΪأ˵Ϲ֮սʹڵǿԪ磬Ϊϵɡ
ҵõĴУֻµ󽣵䣬Ҫð취ǰ򣬼šһâ
ܹڵĳɾܴͣһԭ򣬱Ϊ󽣵˵ĸˡֻõĴУ滹СʱµĴУΪ󽣵İҲԽԽС˵˻ԪȫԸȴûһĴ㡣
󽣵Գڵ棬ڳ뻹ǼΪʱ򣬾쳣ĽǿߣԶţҲǼΪ
Ϊ˺йҪʶǴ˵Ĵڣ붼ǰһš
ΪԪΪ֮һֻջԪµߣǻԪߣ츳㹻Ȼܹ룬ȻԪεĿˣԶȻԪµĿ˸ӵѡ
Ȼ֪˺ѣɳ뻹ҪȥһԣϾŵĿˣܹǿǰҲý˻ῴԪš
뵽Ҳǲԥǰ
ΪԪģǾ֮УΪǿһһǷİ򣬶Կȴħҵ
֮УҲֻ֮һǿ
ǿ󣬲ֻϣϣҪǿ
һ·ռ·̶̼ʱ䣬ǵִڵΧΪΪ֮һƿص
һƬŶв٣ЩŶڡ
һλԪĿˣȻа˰֮ã֪Ϣ벻ü
ſ˵ĹأһٰһΣŹȥǧ꣬һΣа˰ʱ䡣
˰ʱ䣿пЦ˰ʱ䣬ڻԪ߶ԣ㳤Ǽ߶ԣһʱ䡣
ãʱ䣬չʵŻԪ˵ľ飬ܹͨ˵ģǻԪҵߣ˿ռ䴩ֶΡ֮ǰõϢɫҲǱ
һεĻԪˣֻЩ̤Ԫߣʱ䣬̤Ԫأտռ䴩ֶΣǺεѣ
ÿһΣμӿ˵ߣ¶ƣʵϣÿһνֻհ˶ѡңˣҲֻǼţܹõӴĿҲôһʮˡ
ǺεȵѣȻ뻹δ̤ԪأѾ˿ռ䴩ֶΣʵȻԪصߣҪͨ飬õŴһЩࡣ
Ҫ֤ԼܹͨˣȡǰʮܵõŸ߲ӡȫ޷ﵽħһҪ󡣡밵¶ġ


448 
Ȼħһ壬˽ļΪޣǴӵλǿ߿Уȴ֪ħһʮǿʵ֮Ԫν֪ǿ˶١ܹǰħһʥأУмİȻʮֵҪǰʥأҪԽ޾գʵҪ󼫸ߣ뾡һпȡԴߵĸԶ
뿼˻ʱ䣬Ҳżһǳڰչ
ƿصأƿصԶɱȣµݸʮ֮࣬ÿһݶޱȹԪߣʮֳ
ʱһȥ
һչأھſ˻аʱǳˡ
ıչأʱΪѾǵ˻ԪڲΣԪвûѹƣٶҲǸ졣ҲΪʲô׽ߣͻƻԪ󣬶ԸǰԪԭ
ֻʣ°ʱ䣬ҪԪأֻЩѡ̾һʵҪڰ̤֮ԪزΣŲСѡ
Ͼʱ̫̣ǰҲǧ꣬ǿ˵涨ֻ֮һѡ
ʱȥһˡ밵Ե
ҪڶʱΪʵĥ£򵥵İ취
ԪӵĻԵǻԪߣĥ£˵һԵܳɾһǿߡ
ĥµߣԼıֶΣûбֶΣҲĥµģֻЩɢ޶ѡ

ɽȣһޱȵϢɽһƬҽأҽ¶ȣ׾ںѰǼ۷ߣһбɣǻԪߣҪۼأޱѣΪһƬ򣬸޷շС
ԪߣȻԵ֮ɵķУһЩյأ˵УǴռ䶼޷
Ǿ޴ҽ֮УһʯҽУȻû˿ڻļ󣬶ʯ֮ϣȻһɫƺһ̾ͻȼһ㡣
ۡۡ
ͻȻҽбŷһȵҽеˮ˲䱻󷨣ȵҽ֮ϣȻ޷˿˺ֱӽҽ֮еգɫҲǱ˼֡
ҽڣһ˫ԴСĻɫ˫𣬳ȵҽ˳ǿԴ£Ŀ⣬ȴĶʯϵ
ܳ죬ʱҾܽ˻̤ԪˡһţȻֱһȵҽ
࡭
ûҽ֮Уգ֮ʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
ǿʧãԶɽϷӰƾճ֣Ȼˣܹռǿߡ

һ׳оâһϾϲɫ
ܹԪΪҩֻڳޱȵҽ֮УŻᵮһ֣ͻԪ
֣ľҪˣΪҿʮƷԪ׳Եһӣڵ
ʮƷԪ
üͷ΢壬ǳ֣Ǽֵ¶ʮƷԪмУϾκһޱ׷ҩ
˵ʮƷԪǾԲҩֻ뵽ľҵİԵȴЩġľҿڵĻԪߣнʮˣ֮£ڵֻǿﵽĲΣﲻľҡ
ľᣬҲδùľҡ̾һڵȻľֿڣСԵӡ
֣һƷԪĿ⿴Զӣڵ
ľҹȻǴֱʣһƷԪҲδ̫Сĳˡһм
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ûʲô˼ʮƷԪҲִ¡ŏ|
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ݡ
˲䣬Ӻӳ֣µĵ˲ŏ|ֻϧǸճ֣ŏ|Ѿʧ
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ŏ|ľҪûлᣬȴľУȻòһ
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451 
Ȼڤչ¶ǿʵľһˣ˿Լ֮УľҶڤһȴΪ
Ͼɽڤһ˵вЩ֮УһЩɢޡ
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ǳǰɾǹɽľڤˣ⼸ˣʵ֮ǿģȫ·ٶȻ̫

ڴʱͻȻһҽУֻЩɢޣһֱӵҽ֮У˶ʱһƬ棬ֻգ֮䣬ֱӱճһŻҽɢȥ

ţһҽдߣ˫ֱȼֱӷĺ˳ȥֻȼյٶȺεѸ٣ܹ˳ȥֻһ˶ѡ
䣬ҲЩɢףǵʵûʸһߣﻹҽҽֻҽšЩߣȻǴȸں󣬱Ͼҽڣ޷ռ䣬õҲֻ߳ѡ
СģҽٴӦþ򡣡ڴʱڤ
ʲôҽٴ
˻һЩڼֵɢ޺ڤߵļɫ͵һ䡣ֻΧҽԵֵҽٴεֵ


452 ʯ
ʱڤˣĳľʯֻʣʮľ룬ٹһʮʱ䣬ܸϵʯ
һݶӵһˣֱľɣɽڤڶݶӣڵڶݶ֮УҲǱȽϿǰġ
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һݶӷڶݶҲǼٸϣһӰٴܳٶȣȻ˿ڤˣȻҲǻԪصΪ
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ڴʱһЦֻɽгǹһ̣ǳǹȻֱǾʯ֮ϡ
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ڹɽʹﵽ˶֫ĵزһ˫ۿɼٶȻָš
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Цħһ壬ó֮һҽȻ޷ѹҵʵڤһ԰
ħһ壬֮ܵһӰл֮һ°빦ڤڻ֮һϵĳɾͣǼߣҽȻܹѹߣԻħǣûѹƵá
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һǰľ֮УһλԪصߣһһֱڵڶݶӣֱŏ|ű
ľСӣɹȥŏ|һЦһֱסľϡ
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ҲãľһʮƷԪľɿһĻв̾һҢԣ˫˭õǳԷʮƷԪȻûܵõܵõʮƷԪҲջ
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⵽ʲôĿǳľϣɫҲǱ켰ʱᱻһҽ˵Ѿﵽ˵ѪĵزǱҽ˳УҲԲù
Ҳ̫һƺҽΪʳڻ֮һϳɾͼߣҽл֣ص
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Щ쵰Ҫǡ
һ߱ɽ˾һֱ߳Ҳǳ׵ķŭˣȫٿҽĹ


454 Χ
ҽڵҽޱȣѰĻԪߣһմȾϣܿͻᱻҽɣˣֻԪֵǳȵҽ
޷񣬲ٿصҽӿ˻ãѰߣǿӿҽ֮⣬Ҳѹǳ޿ֻ֮ҽֱɻҡ
֮䣬ԪߣڳС
ҽڣʵӽԪصߣӣҿͱ׷ˡһ߻ӶϮҽ˳һ߷ٵĳҽȥ
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һԾǳҽͬʱѾȺʮߣ˲֣һĵ⽣⣬ųȥ

һгһӣµĽӿϮ·ֽһ㣬ֱӱǿµĽ顣ǳǰļߣҽжֱӱ룬ն֫ߣлѰĻԪƣĿܼ
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ԣһЦȴǸûľɣĿڲԶڤϣڵôľҲҪ֣
ȻǣҿûֵĴ㣬ҪˣᡭڤһЦɫƽ
ڤϵʱ򣬾ԣһͬõóᣬڤȻԳ붯֣ᣬ㲻ܵԵԼ


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ȥȹһءϴһдһ𣬵סǳɱȥĳ޺ˡ
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ҡľ죬һɳƵ
һ̣ľɱ֪ˣȻһȥɱˡ
ò˵ľɴˣ֪ԪɱޱȵСģΪǶ֪Ԫֶ̫߱ˣ𣬶
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ԭľɵʵǻԪصߣնɱ͵Ϯѡ̫ˣΪû˿ķֱӱһնɱ
ȻûԶڤһĻϾǿЦ
ԣΥͻյľʾΪʾܻԳ֣ͱԷɣ
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ѪųƲ֮ȻЩţͨУǵȷǲ֮ȫǸûνҪԴ౻ܻѪ⣬ܡ
κһӵеѪߣǻԪߣԸǵĴڡ
ѪѹСӸû˿η壬౻ܻնɱľɡŏ|Цѡ
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Ȼһ׳յѪֶ֮󣬱ףΧɱδ¶ԷǿߣԸʵҪóϣҲСһá
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СӣɱľǿߣľҶָȻľҲܱ룬ڶ࣬ȴǲ
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ߡ޷ŭĿ˹ɽһۣһǳҽȥܿǳҽ֮С
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һﾹȻûտռ䴩󡣡һĻɽǲһ顣
޵ʵ֮ϣԪڵΪ֮ǿģǿߣȻռ䴩ûգȴЩϡ
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ľˣܿʧ֮С
뿪֮󲻾ãռ䴫һ󲨶һӰ˲Զȴ뿪ŏ|
ľңɱͽľɽֻһʼŏ|һɱ˭Ҳ֪֮ľңΪ¹ţΪǧ֮ǰŏ|һ״ӱľɱ


457 ͨ
һ·˺ѿռ·ܿ뿪ľƿصķΧǳľңǵĳ׷ٶͻƻԪأҲҪٵʱ䣬ѰһȽϰȫĵط
СӣǽָʲôȻܹ°ʯڳĶ
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Ҫ˵ʲôأǾǽָӲޱȣڵȫ֮£Ҳ޷ǽָ˿ƻ
΢΢һȻİϹսҲȻֻһƲл꣬ޱȵǿɣԷȫʢʵʵ֮£ѾǳԽǸεĴڡ
ѵǽָǡԺһµͷ
ԣָû飬ϸ˵Ԫ㲻ϡ૵
ȷǸεĶ鶼ûУҪ֪ԪεĴﱦġ
ʦָƺˡԣɿڵ
ԭˡ찵ԵͷڵǽָӦǼȻ𣬿ۼֵԪֻûˡ
Ԫһ
Ȼû´ָõʱǳԽԪεĴڣֻ鶼ɢˡɼˣۼֵԪңͨԪ쵭
ԽԪɫһ䣬æָܻ𣿡
ܹǽָָԣһ˲ñ
صħһʥأлָ쵭
صħһ壿ЦǶڵԣ̫ңԶȷʲôʱܹɡ
һ·Уܿ죬ͨݣʮ֮һΪݸͨݿгԽԪǿԵģݸҲǸӵİȫܿݸѰһլֱۡ
ջլۡӲܵţв󷨣ֻҪܲݸĹ涨ɡ
̶̰µʱ䣬ǽլۡӴľ󣬻ǿķ󷨣ԵֵԪߵĹ
úһУǿʼ˱չء
СӣҲҪչأҪ߰ʮʱ䣬ܽʯ׵ںϡ
ʯǳΪ׼ԭѪԪԪԪΪ۷ģɱɸ߽׵ĴڣȻǰ㹻ĲϣѪԪںϡ
ôʱ䣿΢΢һǰʯΪֻҪʱ䣬ںء
ѾܶˣѪԪȻܹɱ䣬ʵϣһѪԪжδһܹɱ䡣̾һ
յʯɱ𣿡æ
ȻܣҪĲϣ˵Ѿ˲ٵϣʼջǲࡣȻԵڳԽҪѡƽ˵
˵ͷȻЩʧȴҲû֣콣׾ɱ䣬콣ɱ䣬۷涼޷οԵɺϵõһϡ
һһǿʼԼıչء
³뿪ʼ

ʱţһתۣʮȥſԽԽţҲǷ׷ǰһЩŵ֣Ѹٵ򴫿
һöʮʱ䣬ŽǰҩΪҲ˳̤ԪڡΪȵĳޣʵ˿ҽ֮еĳޣӽԪصʵ
ڵʵϵѪͨŵĿˣû˿⣬ֻܷǰʮȴһδ֪ˡϾǰʮţǻԪغڣԪصǿ߶С

볤ĺһ΢΢˫ۡ
֮ǰǴӱչ֮ʱ䣬żðţҲšֻƺհʯûļ
ſˣʮʱ䣬ĿǰõϢԪصǿߣѾˣлƻԪأԼԪսš밵
ԳڵʵֻҪǶϻԪصߣûܹѹڻԪصߣȴǼΪľ衣вܴ꣬ﵽԪأҪôЩţҪôдԵߣԲ֮ڣﵽز
ܹﵽԪصߣûһܹСЩߣĵƣʵΪǿ
Сӣӣƺʲô⡣ڴʱһͻأڳĶ
Ϥ벻һЦڵſ˻ʮʱ䣬ʱ䣬ѾλԪصǿ֣߳ҵʵԪ²壬ԪأԷȻδɱңҲκβöԷ
ǿڱǿ͵ѪĿ»ָڹ棬ԵЩˡȻ˵ҲԣĹܣԪصߣֻǺǿȣȷʵԵЩ
ȻǿĹֶΣǹֶΣʺϵԵɱ̫֪ŵĿˣǽֹɱ¾ġһУ޷ڿóû𣬳ĹֶΣȴԵЩˡ
˵ȴĽЩˡ쿪ڵ
ϧ̫ͻȻĽ㹻񾳡̾һ
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ǰΪĲ˽ΪԵĶֶǻԪߣ˽ҲǴ͡
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ϧǰߵĽȻ´Уָ·սεġ΢΢̾Ϣ
ʵִзڻԪΣҲǼΪģΪʦ𣬸֮·ָӣ·ֱǵս
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˽֮󣬳ָоʮһ𲨣ƺǲ˽ļޣǲγԣ޷𲨹ڣȴǸոµ˼·
ǰߵķ򣬶Ǵġ̾һ̿ʼչأ
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һãžŰʮһžŹһ
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һоһڵĿռѷ죬ӿֱʧǿռѷ֮С
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֪ѰĻԪߣĵ˴ںϣֵһʵΪǴ㼫ߣǲһֵʵѰǿ
Ⲣ벻ĵֻǴǲͨĵʵ̫Сɴȴֲô׽ӴΨһĿռҲûжĳɾֻ͡ǲһ㴥һ֣ҲЩڴԼãֻҪĲ˽ϲȥܽӴһµĴ
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ڴʱݸڣһӳԶʵһЦ
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һ죬սֱӱĵɳȥݺݵ̨󷨵Ļ֮ϡ
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СӾȻôǿ
죬Ҳֻеһֹһλѹսߡ
һĻ·ߣʱ۷׷ס
սսȻǿǼ̵壬ǶھĹߣǻԪصߣֻܿٶԪصߣһսѹǻԪصߣδ
е˼Сǧ꣬ȻʵҲע⵽·Ķвһ˿֮ɫ
вǧꣿһԵԣüͷ΢΢һʵһ۱ǿΪǧʵ츳»֮ϡ


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ڵţǶжĴڣ龳ĴڣҲˣҲˣ̵ܽšѰų
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ߴ˻ǲ٣֮ǰſ˵ˮ׼Ʋ⣬ʵȷлǰʮǲεţǰǿߣܳһλá
ϵܣʵһοЩ⣬ʼ죬ʮѾʮλԪص߱Ц
ʲôôࣿɫһ䣬ЩԤϣҪ֪ĿˣܹμӵĻԪߣҲʮҡڣʼ죬ȻѾʮλԪصű¶нʮˡ
ԭ߻ǰѶȲܳһڿ½ǰʮһЩѶȡ
֣һôôţ߼æ
£һԪصߣʲôֵ飬һΣȻ˽һҲδ̫Ѱˡ
ԭҲ̫йذɡҡͷЦ
Ҫ˵ʲô·Ҳǧ֮ǰأʵϣǸΣѾ겻ͽأҲδػμһεʢͿˡأ˵ǼεĿˣҲһЩǰμӿˣɶҲޡ񷴳Ķ˽һԼҲе֡
ԣҲһЦԭΪμһοˣ޷ȡһҲܶȡǰ壬ʱǿ£Ҳܸմ⣬û뵽һβμӿ˵֮࣬ߵԤϡ
һܹȡʲôΣ˿̾Ҳûжٰˡ
̨ϣһδγ֣ÿһζѹսսȻ̣ʵޣԽԪصĳ룬ûл֮
յʱȥֱͨ
ͨ벢ûż뿪ڲԶ۲߲ϾһοˣǺ߾˽Խ࣬ڽĿˣҲԽ֪һεĿˣԤ֮УôһЩʵȺţһʼԼʵʱ̶ᱬ
һ㣡
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ֻɲ֮䣬Ȼǽ̳Žÿһܶޱǿһǿһϵĺս֮ϡ
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һͳըǱеս岻ϺˣȻֱװǻ֮ϣ󷨣΢΢һһµɢ
ǻԪصǿߣһܾȻ֮ǿ뿴һĻͫײһ
ߵĲǱ·ӣŵһ壬һһ뿪Ž֮£ѰĻԪߣ¶ᱻնɱ
չ¶ʵ֮ĳ޻ҪǿһЩչ¶ʵѰԪǿǿϲ١
ս̣յ˿µĳҲͣƬ̣ٴɱ㡣սȫѹƣÿһαˣͣƬ̣ٴι֮ǰдδֹġ
Ҳ֪˼ʵεǿߣѹսڵ˼ʵû֣˭Ҳ˵塣
ڽϵ츳Ȼˡ֮УһЦ
֪УͨԽ࣬ݸõԴҲԽ࣬ݸּܹͨˣǰߣҲǺ¡
ͨ˱ͷβһսȴ޷˿в
ʱţһڼȴûͬǿ֣߳ȻżҲһЩܹսɱߣɱֻǴͨ˵ĿܡֻǺܶ˸֪һεſˣԶԤϵĻҪпöࡣ
Сѣҹ
˹ۿʱΡ빬һ
һİ֮ǰֵ
˻һԵߣ¶Ľ֮ɫҪ֪ʼ죬ǵһڿߣǾ޽С
ȻĽҲףǳ뻹㣬ɶѹսĴڣܹһģҲֻͳѡ
ڸ֮£˹⹬ƽյסܿ죬˱Ǽʱͬǰλš
˶ǲͨˣ⡣Ŀϣһοˣμӵǿ߱࣬ʵӦлǰʮԳʵǰʮûġ
˻ͳɫ΢΢һ䣬μӿ֮ǰԼжڽЩڴڴԣȴŲСĲࡣ
ǣ˶Ԥԣȴû̫Ļɣ˵ǵĵƶɻ龳ǿߣܹ¶ȵġǵĹƣ̫
ϧеʱ̫̣رǳ룬ǧ꣬ˣǶһЩʱ䣬ǰ壬ǰϣ
ǧꣿ
˻һɫʱһ䣬ЩŵĿų롣
֪ǧ꣬ʵڵڶУǱȽϿǰģãױǵõõĽ̵ʵֻǧȻֻǱһѣβ
һЩһ߳гţǲμŵĿˣϾǸεʵȫԼˡμſ˵ߣһЩһµԼһЩлԵɢޡ
οˣҲ赣̫ܹ࣬Žǰ壬ŽǰʮҶһڵ
΢΢ͷ¶ڽľҲʮֵڴΪͬţ㻹ǳ룬Լ㣬ײ䣬¶ĻŷҲԷƱ
룬Բȥĳ㣬߿ڵ
΢΢ͷǶǻĴڣߣ֪٣ǧ꣬ʵߣȻټȳУҲ٣һЩһܵе¶ݣҲʹԺЩµȣĶ̰塣
ԣȴ߶ΪԾǧ꣬ǿߣȴû˿ʧֻ̬˸֪ǿʵ̫࣬콣ˣħһǿߣǶ۷壬Խǿߡ
ȻʵǿǰҲͺϲ࣬Ȼľ壬ֻǳڶǿߵ𾴰ˡͺñ͹Ӽ棬Ȼη塣
û뵽һοˣȻôǿ߲μӡصסɫҲǱһο˵Ѷȣ֮ǰԤϵĴ̫ࡣ


460 Ԥʼ
ԪսȻԪصߣʵ֮£ҲҴ⣬һοˣΪҪĿģǳǰʮΪֻǰʮߣпܵõŸ߲Ĺע
ݸڷ鱨ʮݣԪصߣѾʮˣҪ֪ʼ죬ʼļ죬ȽϼУɽʱձĻԪŶӽʮˡ
ûлԪصսܳǰʮ
˵Ŀ֮УҲһЩв̤꣬Ԫǿ㣬ߵʵһʵȴǼΪټġͺñһţһλľǿ߲֣һѾǿߣǾˡ
Ԥֻʱ䣬ȻܱչУֻݽʱҲǷٵš
ı֮Уٴγһλǿߣͯ𣬻ԪΪܹսȻѹͳԼЩ࣬ͯʵͨⲻֻյٶѡ
ˣǱ϶ܹͨ˵ţȻһЩʵûȫֵţֻľԤͱϣᱩ¶ʵ
ȥԤڵ޴󹬵ǰѾǾۼͨǧߡ
ЩߣĶǻԪ۷ΣԻԪغͻԪؾӶ࣬Ԫֻʮ˶ѣԪأֻһˡ
Ԥֳ֣һǧߣֱ̭ǧˣֻˣڶ̨ս˾˲μӾ
ԣļأң̨սͻʮ졣˵̨սɲֻΪ˾һЩһǲǿ߹սһһЩţύһЩ޷ͨˣͻᱻɹȥѾſ˹ܣϾſˣսֻհˣߣֱʧܡ
ȻʧܣֻҪֳ㹻츳ǱȻܹĴ룬ȻţǶһЩɢ޶ԣѾһõȥˡ
Զ̨ϣ˲Ŷһǻߣһˣ¾ʹߡ
ÿһݸĿˣɸʹͬʱ𣬱֤ԤѡĹ֤
֣ǾǹСӣһʵȻסʹߵĿɨ㣬Цŵ
𿼺˵ʹߣʵֻǻԪ۷壬Ҳͺ൱ûдﵽĲΡ
ϵ˵ЦˣһοˣμӵߵһҲûա΢΢ҡͷ
֪ͨݣͳλʮþͨ˵ߣݣȻЩ죬Ȼвٵǿ߳֡
ˣ˵һλǧСӣƺ뵽ʲôͻȻڵ
ǧʱ䣬ڻԪ߶ԣʵ̫ˣ֪һλǼߣǧԪ˵һλո̤Ԫߣп˽ǧ꣬ѾǻԪصΪȴֻǧʱѡ
ţг룬ǧ꣬ϧʱ̫̣ǧ꣬¶ʵǰ΢΢Ц
ʱԽ̣츳ǱԽߣͬʵ֮£ΪصȻЩʱ̵ߡ
츳ͨˣͻᱻڳΪӡп
Ҫ֪հˣͨˣһ㶼ִͨµݣܹ볤µģһҲʮˣʮ١
ɳȴͬеʱ̫̣һͨˣ̾ͻᱻΪӣϾţ⣬̤龳ʲô¡
ܱΪӣҲմ⡣һЦ鲻ͨݲ⣬ѾעܹͨˣлǰٵҲ٣˵лʵ
ܹͨͨˣܴﵽˣ֪ʮݣһհˣƽһݲˣ˵ʱͨݣѾǱˡڱ֮Уͨչ¶ʵҲǰеġΪһ֮ȻҲǼΪĸˡ
ʱˣ׼ʼɡڵ
ԣ΢΢˵ͷ
һԾ˲˹ǰİ֮С
λѾͨԤ˵䣬һһâɳڴǰĹ㳡֮ϡ
ǽâһģȴǺ͵ľŲΪƣȻͬıһԪ
ڣɻû֣ͬҲԻߣȡ֣ʱ죬ǰٵģ̨𵴣ÿһ߶
һЩأӦ֪ڣֹʹõһıһʹãͻᱻֱӴͳʧȥʸ㣬õĻַȻѶҲ˵
ſѾǽ˲֪ٴΣſ˵ĹأҲȻģȻΥ飬ԼԪڵһУһΥ̾ͻᷢ֡Ŀ˹أ˭ΥһǰμӣҲֻʵʵع򣬷Ǿš
ʼ
һ˲ɢһǿܣ֣һ̣ǧߣӹ㳡ʧ
ǹֻǰľ任޾ĿյأԶϡܹһЩʵЩǹۣ㱻Ҳܿٴ۳ֻҪϻЩȡԽĻ־ͨˡ
ȥڶ㡣
˲䣬ΪڻԪصߣӳڶȥ
磬ҪҪ֣һ߿ȥĳˣС
أһοˣͨˣȻΧɱǣһǷսǶͨ顣΢΢ҡҡͷ
Ϊıǿ֣ʵȽߣͿʼȻصĳ֣ǶԸҲ̫ʵ˵ûаڽǰ٣Ԥܣܣų˵ıҲܹܡ
ѡ뿪ҲⷽԭǵʵȻһ㣬ߵĻ֣̫¾ͻˡҪ֪ǰʷϣвٵߣڵһߣԤһ־ͱ̭
Ȼ٣ɳҲðգǵʵ㲻ߣҲͨˣȫûҪô࣬ڶҲ׶ԸԾö֮һУһЩǿһʼǰڶ㣬ͻοڶֻҪߡ
ڵ㣬ԪصߣսЩȻɵȥ㡣
⣬˵ĿϿգֻϿ֮Уһŵ֣ʮ֮ࡣ
ȻĻ֣׼ȷĲԳÿһߵʵҲܿһЩܹͨ˵ģʮе
㣬ٶʮġ
һ㣬ʮʱ䣬Ļ֣Ѿٶ࣬Ҫ֪ʧڹ㣬ַҲܹʱ䣬˶
ͯȻڵڶǳ룬Ȼֻʮλüͷ΢壬ȻʱݣȴԵЩˡ
ûȫԸԤУҲƵߡһֿˣѡߣڳǸε߶ԣʵ̫ˣѰĻԪѶȶ


461 
Ƶ߲٣Щߣľ֮Уűһˣڳע⣬пܱΪӡϾͨˣͳΪϵ֮Ĳ࣬ͨ˺ʧ֮Ĳࡣ
ȻֻǶһʼʵ߶ԣڳԣʵչ¶ȫûбҪȥ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôûȫԸ˲û⣬ԳʵȻܹͨһԤ
㳡ϣۿĻвߣ֪оУܹǰǳߣһЩСһûʸСԤǹ۲õĻᣬ͸ҲȷһЩߵ츳
Ԥһ̭ߣֻʮˣϾһֻŸտʼÿһϵĻִֶ࣬ܳģ̭
ӵڶ쿪ʼ̭߿ʼ࣬һ㣬۵Ļ֣ѾҲѾӽһ֡ҲҲֻάڵʮҡ
Ĺӵڶ쿪ʼ̭߾ͻ࣬һﵽ۷壬ܹµߣǧˡڶУһʱ䣬Ե
һֻǹʣߣһ־ͻԶһԣǰһ֣ǱȽټϾһʼܹӶЩ䵥ߣźԽԽ٣˴ϣɾͲô̭ˡ
ڶһжʮˣа˽ڶѾʮˡ֮ǰһߣ
ڶǲﵽ˻ԪزΣҪ׻ҪӵлԪغڵʵ
һĻԪߣڵڶǹΣա
ڵʵףҲǾ߶ԣҲһ뵹Ҳżȡ֣ǿʼʵսݹԪ
͸˽ĿǰҲֻԪһаˣֻһУʵǸΣܹڶУƾԪȫܹǰʮǰ塣
ЩȻЩŰ壬ɽȴǾĥǺʣҲǵΧյѪصıΧڴµĳԣõĥʯ
ʱ䲻̵ţڵڶк֣ĥĽĻҲǷٵ
ͬʱһȴѾǿʼңŵһֱԿԽԽȡ֣ѾǴӻݱ֮ɱһ߱˳ԣһ㣬ѾǷֳʮС壬ЩĴΧɱ䵥ߣʵС塣
ʱڣְ˾޴ı䶯ڵڶ߶ԣûʲô̫Ӱ죬ܹڵڶȡֵʵǲס
ѾˣһȡĻ֣Ҳˡһɢһͷ
ʱ䣬ĽԽĴڹԪڶȻһЩüĿȴڶн
ڶҵѹѾСҪڶԪڶУǲˡ΢΢ҡͷ
žŹһ
ճĲ²⣬ԪµоУڣֻһаˡ
Ҳʱȥˡ
һâ
㣬ٴηһܵõĸ֣൱ڵһɱĸȻĻָߣΣҲ󣬰ʹϢսԪصߡѰĻԪ߶һܽǶΣա
һ㣬ֻȡ֣ڶܹɻȡ֣ųʵ㣬ܹɻȡ֣ϣ߳ɣ⣬ͨˡ
֪ͨݣһǰμӿ˵ߣﵽԪصģҲôʮ˰ˡ
ಡ
һΣǳ˵㡣
ҲȥˣԶһȥĳ룬üͷһǱΪ֮һͯ
ҵʵڵȡֲѣڻûбҪ¶̫ࡣͯ΢΢ҡͷûиųϵ˼ԣԤûʲôѶȣûбҪ¶̫ʵڽڰǿҲвСӰ졣
ţ
ո㣬뾹ȻԶһ
ȻˣһҲû뵽Ȼ߻ǰ㣬ϾȡͨԤڵڶ㣬һߣҲһֽǰǰ㿴ȴ˷̫ʱ䡣
ಡ
һΣǳǴķȥ
Զֵߣһ⣬ڵߣǱˣ㡣
벢磬Ȼûע⵽쿪ʼĻ֣ǿʼ賤ĵıʱѾ˰ڳʮ֡
Ļ֣Ѿǽڶ֣һ޴Ĳ࣬ڻְ϶ɧ
ݡݡ
һϵ֮ϣȻʵȻԪأԻԪص㣬ȴûʲô֮
һ߾ɢĻ֡
ţͻȻĿ⿴ڵλãһ۱ǿ˳롣
㣿
ڳĵٸеһЩȣϾȻݣʵǿǰ㣬»Щ
΢΢ͷһԾǳһߣϾۿ˺ڶЩòȻ㣬ɲΪСǶԷ
Ȼ˵㣿üͷ΢塣
֮һ·ȡ֣ҲԼĴ㣬һβμӿ˵ߣʵ̫࣬Ԫصߣʮˣϰصģ¶жʮˣʵȻףҲ˵һܹǰʮ
ʵʱڣʲôȴʽڳϵע⣬ǾǻֺֻҪԤһ·ȣھչ¶㹻츳յߣܻͬóϵ
Ͼųյӣӿص츳Ǳ츳ǱԽߣߵøԶЩ϶ԣԪһصߺͻԪصߣûκε
ԼĴ㣬ҲԼļƻ
ʵ˲СҲǸܵһ˿ѹ
ѹãĥҵĽ
벻ϧڵ֮УҲǲϵĽ
СӣЩ˼
ڣһ߲һڣ΢΢һЦ߲Ǳˣǹ飬ڵһУƿ֮УݽȻ޷ס
ڵĥ½Ҳã˳ۣһ΢΢һЦֳûǺͳ뽻ֵϡ
ۡ
һʱһӡ
⡭
һЩ㵵ĿŲԶڵҲǴ˼ʱЩʵʮֵ˽⣬Լղǰ״֮£ЩԲ˵Ŷԡ
ǸղţһϮȻǸһǿвʱܿ¶ˡ˵ǵƶڻԪ߶ԣʲôҪ֪֮ǰûϣֻǽԷĥ½ˡڣȴǷ֣Щƺĳصı仯


462 ԤĻ
ڵʵ̫Ѱ㣬ûһǧҲа˰٣⻹Ϊս٣ڵһ㣬ࡣڣȴһֲͬѰĸооƺڶЦ
ô£ɫޱȵ˱仯ſûмعȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬿ȴ˿С
û´ӦǹˡڳĶ
飿
һɻ󣬰ռأֻὫЩܵ߻ͳȥδŹֶԸμӿ˵ߡ
ģӦöûе⣬ҹĥ½Խϡ
˵ڰң벻һĻ̱׹
֪Ҳиߵ֣֮ѰԪȻӵ飬ֵȴ֮£ԪļֵǸֹܹ࣬ߵԪֵǼ󣬶ӽѪԪͶԪˡ
ԽԪ飬ǶԼĽмѰߣ񵱳죬ǳɹ׽٣׽磬ϳΪǰĹǺεȵĸ߰ͻȻְԼЩš
ǳ֮⣬ʵ벻ԭ򣬱ϾͲ֪ʶٵţԸ

Ȼ֪ΪҪԼɳȴףԼĻᣬǰĹĥߵĵطͱͬǶԷԸ򽣷żİȻʱºͽֻʣ¼ʱԳԣ⼸ʱȴ
뵽Ҳǲԥһɱ
񣬽øӵս¶ﵽ˻ԪسڣҪ֪ڵɴ󹹳ɣÿһʵ޶ġֳҲ̶ֻȺսʶΪϣ޷
ݡݡ
һӿĵӰսһţʵɱ˴˵Ĺȴ·룬ÿһν֣óջ
Сڽϵ츳ǲƺ󽣵Ӱӣ֡۲쵽ı仯ҲޱȾȣչ¶츳ΪҪǣŻԪε似͹
Ҫ֪ĴԪµĹڴУʲôܣǻԪεĹȴҪ࣬ǻԪεԣйܼС
ҲΪˣڳεõ󽣵ģҲǼΪ档
󽣵䣬ƺŲٵ覴ã֡Цֻ飬ȻʶǷҲ֪浱һݴС
ϵĽ֮УĽҲԽһδεݣһδʩչһδʵսԪѾͻƼ󣬵ڶѾ˳Ρ
⡣
ǹϷ
סĻ־Ȼûб仯ˣͻȻڵ
ȻʱԽǽӽһԤѾû̫ı仯ɴߣڷĻȡ֣һЩֶ̭߱ᷢ仯ǰʮ֮УĻ֣Ȼû˿ı仯·ͣһ㡣
֣ߵĻֶǣ˵ûŶԡüͷһ
ţҲûΧ̭ģȻΧ̭ɰǱΧ֮£Ҳǣûκα仯
СӲǾûֹˣûڻȡ˰ɣһ飬³һ仰
ֿܡ
˻һһԵ߶ǵ˵ͷֿȻСҲûУϾߣſжֹ
СڵĻ֣ӦҲܱʮλ΢΢ҡͷҲǻûǵԭ
֮ǰĻǲ٣õʱڹλǿʼ½ʮλ
ʱţһԤʱԽԽ
ˡ
㣬һ첨ɢµĽ𣬷·Ҫ˺һС
һֱӱ
Ԫû콣뿴ɢһЦ
콣콣̫ͻȻûд£콣һλǿߴµĴ֮еġΪļűȽǿĽ´еߣµĻԪδУڵĳԣѾֻ콣콣ڳܹӳǿܡ
ͬʱܵһųϮԭĥһףԤʱ䵽ˡ
лǰȻûԪڶУܹ콣ͻƣڳԣҲŲСĺôһУǰݹ͡

һ̣һǿֱƳ硣
ٴγڹ㳡ϣѾ֮𵱳ǧߣʱƳߣֻвǧˣһǧˣĵһԤ̭֮ЩߣǱ߻ʧȥʸҲмʵΧܵģһֿˣûȥ
ʵԤ֮УֻҪɱˣģŶԲ뿼˵ҲǼΪٳڿ
һԤѾͨһԤĿɨˣ㣬ͯ𡭡롭Žܡ
ٸߣܿϣûб߱ʧȥһֵʸһʱ䣬㳡϶Ǽžǧ˲һֿˣͨģҲֻ˶ѣʵ̫٣ʧ̫ܵ࣬Ȼûܸ
ͨ˵ߣ쿪ʼڶԤ̨һ仰Ǻˣʧ˵С
ߣҲǷ׷뿪㳡㳡⣬һЩǿʼͨһԤ߽ӴЩǰߣǲ룬һЩʱ䲻ʵ׵ߣЩǼΪԵġ
ôһ㣬ǸҼʱ䣬ӦþԪڶˡ̾һһιջ񣬱콣ǲùԪʵѰĻԪߣҲһս֮
ҹ̨ʼ
̨ÿһλߣҪʮΣհջ֣ǰ٣ǰŲ
û˱ʮΣܹžɷ֣Ҳ޶ȵĽ֮еǿѡ
ˣÿ˱˴ʮΣÿ˴һΣʮʮΣÿǩһΣԹÿһαԣʮ̨ͬʱС
̨ıԣڳ˶ԣûκѶȣ˳ǩ鵽вĵ˸ʼܹͣͨһԤߣһ㶼Ǵﵽ˻ԪغڵΪֵ̨ģЩԪغͻԪصߡ
ʮ죬ʤʮʮȫʢ̬ǰŵľ
ϲǣͨſԤ֮󣬳ǰţμӾʱʧܣֻҪչ¶㹻츳²ͨˣһЩһҲмϣĿɨڳˣ˵
˻ڳߣ˶¶˼֮ɫǲˣ̨ԣƴǫ̈̄ͨΪľǰŲμľܹϯǴǿߣܹǵķۣ޷ͨˣǶԣҲһ޴ĻԵ


463 
ݸϢѾڣֵĻԪߣѾﵽʮˡȥĳˣ˵
û뵽һεĿˣԤϵĻҪпᡣ̾һûʼѾʮλԪص֣߳»صǿ֣߳ɸӼҡ
¶Ƕԣǻ¡ҡҡͷͬһ߳ôǿߣ꣬ҲûֻڵĹżϼ
ֵԽ࣬Ҳζһ֮УпܵһλǿߣǿߣҲֻ
ȻҪǿߣʵ̫ˣֻ˵һϣ֮ǰļԪߣпܰˡ
ͨݸǣͨȨ࣬Ҳһڡ
һϳռǧ׽ˣӣѰѲأǼߣԪߣޱȳңԪߣǿߣԪ£ֻǵײˡ
ΪͨȨϣƿһ֧ɻԪɵĴǶõѰֱѹ޴档Ȼţһֻӵе֮Ȩˡ
ɾҲû˸СϵȨ棬һǿߣͬʱҲ龳ǿߣţҲһųϣݲ͡
ЩʵǴﵽ龳ƾʵ׽һΪŵӣ£ǵõҪԶȶܹõĸࡣҲΪʲôĻԪţǰμӿ˵ԭ
СԺУһŰɫ۵ӣʯԣʯϰһ̣ǹڣȻֲΣɵɢζ˸оĿܹһöǶԻԪߣҲһЩ棬Щӣɲֻڸ֮Ĺӣ
ӣңһǰ
šɫ΢΢ͷ
һһλãɫӱ֮һӣȻʵֻлԪزΣȴΪϲ
ͳ룬׼߳𣿡ӵ
Ѿӹ
΢΢ͷڵ˸ͯһ
ͯ
һ㶣ЩĿӡ
ͳ룬⣬ҺҹϵĪ棬ʱ伫ˣԣֻҪμӾᱻڳΪӣȻʵһο㲻öһΡ츳ǰʮǰġ
֮£ͯҪ࣬˵Ѿнǧ꣬ΪҲǻԪغڣɢ޳Ȼܹͨˣɻύ֪ҺѰͬұ󣬻ţ˵һҹӣҲǼΪġ
ضʣȥüɡӵ
ǡӹӦ˳СԺ
磬ϵ츳ǿ£ǧԪ磬̵һλӣ񶼿ˡһЦŴĴţвЩɬ
λӣ츳ߣѾǻԪصߣãǧڣӶ̤龳ʱ䣬ӲУϵ츳ʵҲλ֮ģ꣬ҲֻǻԪصΪˡ
֪λãȫλð˵ɾͶ̫ͣɼ龳ߣȫ֮£һҲ̤龳Ǵϣ

ոջصסһѾȺŵĻԪʿ̹ǰ
СѣҼ롣ӵһ֮ϣɫƹϴ֡
벻һҪ֪Ȼвٵʼ뿼˵ߣʵϣڳעܹͨ˵ߣȴû˽ӴſǳǸȱŸ˵ЩʧܵߣŲ⣬һҲˣЩעͨ˵ߣš
ϣѵǸ
һâͨݣҽϣܳģҲֻиڵ϶ѡ
鷳رӣһ׼ʱϯ뿪ڵ
ǣС˸ˡ
ǻԪߣԴ˲ûие⣬ͨݣǿļ壬ӵ룬ûܹܾ
ԡ
뷭Ŀ֮ϡ
ԣӵ
츳ߣȴǲ֪ȴΪ˺£Щơ
Ȼ츳ҵҲûбҪύ֪Ҳһǿʵڲٵĺ󱲣УǲѰ龳ߣҲǡ
ϣǳǰǡ
ˣҼҹѾȺʱһòŮǰޱȵ
ȻòŮӵʵҲڻԪңӵŮλҲǲͣڳǰȴǽ̬ŵļ͡Ҫ֪ǰλӶԸҪкš
ϵܣ
ڴʱһϤڳֻԶһòŮӵ֮ͬ£˹
֡΢΢֡
㣬Щøеģĳף츳ҲǼߣȴûָ̬߰רעУһ㣬ǺһЩԽ߼Ϊơ
Ϊ˱ӣûסڸڣڵţͨԼפأסҲܵԵ룬Żǰ
ţͻȻüͷһԶ
ֻԶһϤӰ˹
ͯ𣿡
ͯͳ뵹ʶȴ̸ϤΪ˼˵ԵЩ룬ֻǶû뵽һξȻ֮¼档
ҲˣͯͬǷ˳ˣûие̫֣Ͼչ¶ʵ֮£룬û룬Щ֡
ͯ֡
΢΢֣Ȼûཻ̫˴˽עһŵߣĺȻⲻ
֣֡ͯ΢΢ͷ
λӣ룡
òŮæ˳ƫĴţȥܿʧҹɫ֮С
ŮĴ֮£˺ܿһƻԻ͵ĹڣѾˣЩ˵ʵȻǲףмˣ붼Ǹܵ޴в¶ѾǻԪ˾صߡ
λţˡԼˣЦ
ӡ˶ޱȹ

æͬʱҲΪ˽ڵߣЩߣͨǿӵܣЩһǶһеٮٮߡ
λǻͳĹӣ
λӣɽ

һһΪ˽ܣڳˣͨݸ߲ãΪǲһ㶼Ǵﵽ˻Ԫ˾زΣֻǳ龳ϣ󣬷ͽǱޣڼ֮Сˣд֧ţڳˣڻԪ֮УҲǶǿˡ
֣Ҿһɽٱ
ͨһǿңҲһλϣȻλʵҲͨҲǶļˣҲܳϯԵᡣ
ڵţǶʵɲ֮£Ҫǿϼֻ֣ǱĿɽҰˡֻһߣɽύ츳˵ãɾ;ȻͣɽȻύ


464 ʦ
֣Ҿһߵǰٱ
롣ҲǼΪ
ʵǼ֮ǿģͨݵľְĸ׸ͨݻԪͳ죬ʵ֮£ְֻͬȻݸϽɹͳ⣬ȴҪŸ߲ԱϿͳƺ֮£ʵϣ˵ĵλ£ųϡ
ֵҲǲ٣һаλֵܽã˵ǻͳ죬ӣȢʮˣôá֪ΪԽߣҪãҲޱȵѡҲֻλöѣһĻԪǿߣģҲˣȻԪҪúѣԪ֮£Ȼܹٵá
ྴƵĶ󣬷һԵͯҲͯʵޣҲȻҲ϶ܹͨˣɽֻһִͨ£ȴֵύ
ͯĿƲһԵĳˣɫЩãϾ˭ϱʲôɫֻӵᣬڲҲֳܱ
ͯ𡣡ڴʱһͻأͯ
ӣˣͯɫ΢΢һ䣬æһ
ͻȻͯǰҲ΢΢һ㶣ȻһˣʵϣһʼԾٱ֮⣬ʱҲֻǺģ˵ߵǰˡ
ͯǸýʦ塣΢΢Ц
ʦ壿
ͯһ㶡
ͯ𣬱ǳҲסˣͯϢʾֻһɢޣɢܹߵزȷ塣н˵ʵʵΪֵþ壬û㹻ʵҲá
ʦʯͻȻ
ǡͯͷʦʯڻϸʱ򣬱ʦʦ̵ʮ֮󣬱뿪ڵĳɾܴͣԭΪʦʮĽ̵
Ȼ̤ԪͯȻǵãʦ뿪ʱһǽлᣬűټҲͯǰμſ˵һҪԭ
ʯҴĻҴڡЦŵ
ڣ
˲֪˭ɽˣȴǺİȻͬһ̤ԪߣʵѾǻԪ۷壬ֻҪǹؼһ龳ǿߡ
˵ͨݣΪ龳ǿߣڵʵѾΪ۷һΣֱ׷һǿߡ
ôԣԼͯסЦ
ӣҡͯæ
Ȼ֪ʦʯʵϣʯȴǺֻϢˡ
ӡɫ΢΢һ
ʦ塣ͯæ
Լ״Ҳ¶ЦݣյĵӼ٣ͯյΨһһӣԽ̵ʮ꣬ڶĿС
ԭֵĵӣȻһһС
Ȼڵӵݣ˶ͯҲǸ߿˼֣Ͼڿмϣ̤龳ߣһ̤龳УǸ߲ˡ龳ǿߵĵӣȻǲСο˻Ҵӣ˶Ҳӡ
һ߷׷ǰƣͯһʱ䣬ЩӦϾЩƵߣʵ֮ϣݵλǸ߲ʣڽ֮ǰκһһ仰Ĵڡ
ܹͯɢޣһߵزҲǲܿǻָȴԶһ˿֮ɫ
ͯԭɢ𣬾̫ƫ䣬ɾ죬ȴɱ䣬ĳɾ;Ȼ̫㿴һĻ̾
˻Ҳ΢΢˵ͷͯɢ𣬾̫࣬һ˿ȱݣһ˿ȱݣڿⲻ󣬿ΪԽԽߣпܳΪǿĸۣڣͨһᣬͯı䡣ţֻ¾ͻһɳ죡
ֻϧɱ˵㣬һοУֻвС૵
ֻмʱ䣬ʱ䣬ͯԾɱ䣬ҲתΪսֻ֮·ɰˡ
ҲǷ׷磬֣žɫǼ裬֮УޱֵķΧ
֣֪ĸ򣿡λãԿ룬ڵ
ȷڳûʲôȷϢͯɢޣţһǳ룬ȴ·ͻȻðһ㣬˵еʱ̣ܶԽˣһŲû˿ϢһϢµصĳ³ţֵõš
ʵ׽硣벢û˼
׽磿
˻˶һ㶣˼Ŀų롣
׽磬ûǿڣƴ½ߣݣݾߣƴ½һƬ׽硣֮⣬в׽ݴڡ
׽粻ûǿߣеٮٮߣ׽ҲȱݣŵĸʣԶԶԪ硣ڳ֮ǰҲвٵĲ²⣬ĳλǿߵĴߣŵӣȴδȻ׽硣
û뵽־Ȼ׽硣ԸпһĿ֮УǶ˼֮ɫ
׽Դޣ̤Ԫܵѹƣܹ׽ͯɢߵڣҪ
ΪҪǣʱ̫ˣ츳Ǳ£ȴ׽磬һõǿߵĽ̵ܹߵʲôزԶ
һԵͯĿ֮УҲǶһ˿֮ɫ֪׽磬ڳԽԪصߣΪǸεǿߣ׽磬ֹǰ׽磬˿
ͯױǵõ龳ͻԪ۷Ľ̵һ㣬ԶԶǳɱȡ
֣ˣǳ빰˹֡
λţţɾ;ȻýԵΪλһЩ񡣡ԿڣԪòŮǽľ͵˳ǰ
ľʢһЩԪεĵҩֵ¶һƷԪȶαԪֵˡ
Ҫ֪ܶĻԪߣֻʹαԪһƷԪǻԪߵȫˡ
ǴߣֻǼ񣬾Ȼ˼ֵип˵ļֵԪˡ
ѰĻԪҵǶԶԣȴǲֵһᣬֻһּ
㻹ã˶ûʶ֮ͯȴԵòһЩҲָܿˣͯϾɢ޳ȻҲõ˲ٻԵнĳɾͣһּ˼ֵľѡǴ
ᣬȻ뱾ӡڴʱ⣬һŭһӰֱӳ˴֮С
ôˡ
ˣԵɫ΢΢һ䡣
һԵĻɫҲǱЩѿȻڴ˵ĵжΪ⡣
ȻƺΪûΪ֮ɫ䣬˵ʲô뿴ˣҲΪȣ֪Ѿͨݵһˣʲôֱܹң


465 
ͯ΢΢üҵĵλʵ˻Щ˽ģ˾ȻܹԵĹ׳룬ԶֱȻ̫
飬ȻɵκϽȥֻʲôûȻ
κ˵ЦˣҾᣬô᲻㣬ֻ룬ûҵκְˡæ
˵ԤϣƺԶڴˣҲмּɵ±ԷᣬҲûзŭļ
ԽˣжڴˣҲԽĺʲôˣȻҹӣеɵ
ˣúƽϣֺҲڣǵҲһʱûһˡĿڻɽɽ΢΢һЦ
ɽ϶һ˿Цȴûзŭ˼æκּȻˣ
׵Ҳæκ׼ϯλ
һòŮԣɫһףæ˳ȻΪ׼ϯλȥˡ
ŮӲΣĿ⿴ȥòŮЦ˵
˻ԵɫҲЩѿκ֣ŮǸ״ģҪҪ
һŮ𡣡ԣƳƳ죬ߵҪǼŮͱˣҪҪ
ˣ
˻һ˵ɫһ䣬̤Ԫʱ䣬ֻǧ꣬˵ǧҲɱ˲ߡɻȴδţҲδ̫ħˣǳУ˴ɱ˭Ҳ֡˾ȻԼŮֱħˣħˣ¹ţɶԼҲ˺֡
ԼŮȻɵ˵һмҲǴ˳ЩŮҷ⣬ЩŮɱҲܱ˻
֪ΣߵŮǻԪεߣҪһԪǵĶħԷҪܶʹ࣬ȥ
˵һο츳ˣͻȻڵ
˻Եɫһ䣬ǿڵǣ㣬ͯѾͨԤǰŲμӾ
ˣһͨʵǿˣĿڳϣ˵
ȻӵΪˣɳҲַħ֮ˣ׷׹ֵκӡ
ƲƲ죬Ŀڳϣ˵ǧ꣬ѾǻԪصΪ
ǣСӽҡͷոտڱǱֱӴϡ
ңȷǽңһ֪ðСӣǧ꣬˴ˡκӳЦһ
ԣɫЩѿ֮ǰĻǫˣû뵽κӾȻֱӳǹƶԷݣͲԷɫ
ô㲻дһΣκӼɫЩѿһ
˻һ׵ԣɫʱ䣬æڵκ֣ɣѾͨԤǶ֣ŵĹء
ŵĹأȻǳӦҵԼսƺΥذɣκӲмһ˫Ȼʼӿֳһ˿Ѫɫ
룬ǧҪӦѾħһ֣¾ͻֱɱ㡣ڳ
밵ԵͷҲκӣƺЩԾ֪ѰĻԪߣħǿߣѰߣԶǼͣײˡοţ֮ǰûκӼκӣһȻЩͬѰ
룬ɸҴӦκ俴ų룬ڵ
κӺˣ»Ҫ׼ˡҲܺ͹д衣ҡͷ
ȷħ֮ˣȫûбҪǣҲǻǧ꣬ȻַħߣǾǸԼҲʹ졣
Լս㾹ȻҲӦԣκɫһһޱȿ񱩵Ϣӿ
µѹϮ·һɽѹסԪΪ֮һ͡
ֻѹ˿£ɫһ䣬κӵΪҲǻԪصӣɢѹһĻԪ߻Ҫǿ
κӣ»Ҫ׼ˡܷ㡣Ԫתǿµѹɢ벻
κ֣ѾܾҼֱ档Լ״Ҳһæ
֮ǰκӿڣ浣ģ벻֪˴ӦκӵԼսҪ֪κӵΪȻֻǻԪأľȴǼߣһ֮УҲǼΪĴڡ
ߡ
κȻħŵĹأҲ״
ŮѾΪκ׼ϯλֱκԵˣһ
룬֮ǰûдӦκӵԼսκӣǻԪ۷壬ΪһЩԭ򣬽شɢѾħǶԸԶԳ봫
ɢ
ɫһ䣬ѹֶԷֻǻԪصΪɢѹеһѹԷԭȻǻԪصߣȴǴĳԤϡ
֪ԪߣȻӴ꣬ʵϣֻǺǳĲΣͺͻԪ߽Ӵռһģ֮ϣԪߣռϵĸ򡣱ϾܶĻԪߣûյѪ
ĸɢӵеѪĻԪߣҲɡ֪նɱյѪĻԪߣҪôֱ꣬Ҫôɱ֮һλߣҪɢǼѵģΪ֮ĹɶԶ˯֮УĳɣѾѻָһĳɣͻȻɢ
Ī棬ǲлһս̫֮ɢΪ䵽ǼҲһ
κҲһ̫֮ɢֻʵĪǿǿȻɢȴָܼʱ䡣Ȼܻĸһ
ĻԪһħޱȿ£رκԭǻԪ۷ߣΪ䣬ɷħҲû˭ԸǣҲ֮ǰһֱκޱȿԭ򡣶һħĻԪԵȻԸ̫ݣԷɱǣɷħҲܡ
Ȼ΢΢ҡͷκж꣬˵Լͣ׷ħɢȻţȴڵۿһԪ޾Ԫȴڵʱ΢һħ֮С
˵ףκӵηԼľ䣬Żħ״̬رģɢҲħٵĪ棬ɢûħһ֮ϣκȴԶԶĪ档
ߡ
κһ˶ƾƣֻĿ⣬ȴһֱųķ
ǧ꣬ȴʵţǰ;أȴֻܵƾʲôκŭ
Ѿħûƶֻʣһ˿дǣ˭˳ۣرǳţмޱȡ
ԾģҪŻֻлţŻʱĿ־塣
ϵܣղҲԣҾһͻȻκƱǰԴǸ⿪ڵ
ţһ㶣Щ㵵Ŀκӡ
˵䣬κѾǽһһһƣݸ롣
ôϵܲӣκɫһ
ȻЩɻκôͻȻʾãѾħߣԳ²⣬Ҳκӽ𣬱ǽӹƱ
κӣʲô˼ӹƱɫȻһ䣬ɫһޱȷŭĿκӡ
˻һ˶һ㶣ЩĿų롣
ϵѵǿ£κɫ΢䣬
žһѽƱϣĿ䣬³һ仰¶κӣһСĵ


466 ʹߵ
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˻һڳ˵ɫ͵һ䡣
ͨԤĲߣ츳ǱߣֻҪμӾעܰ볤µţʲô飬ܵ𷣣ԣᱻϳ͡
ΪҪǣǴȥϵ¶ҪܵСĴҹĿˣȻϣ¶ˣֱڴ
ѰߣԵ˿ܻţǷħκӣпܸɳ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôκɫһ䣬תϵľƱǾƱ˲䱻
һĻٱˣҲ֪˵ʵκӵȷھ¶ˡѹκӾƵʱǶƱԭҲû⣬ΪκΪʾԼĳ⣬ڿԷ˶ŻžƱƣ򵥶ľƣǰ¶
κӹȻȻֱӻ֤ݡһŭκӵʵ̫ǿƱûü¾Ʊ
û֤ݣκȻܳ¶
Сӣ֤ݣﱾӣɵ𡣡κһмһ
κ֣Щˡɫޱѿκӣ˵
κӴ˾٣ЩǣȥƽκȻҲħԵҲȻһΣκ¶Ը룬ȴǴĵߡ
ôҲңκɫޱȡ
һԵ˼״жǲܣֱӳ֤ԣٱҲ֪ղų˵٣֪κѾħ˲֡
Լʲôһ
Ȼû֤ݣҲκӼȥʱֱ¶˭֪ʲôҪǳĳ£ñǣ
ҿʲôûκʼ磬ĿڳϣЦ
Ȼ˵ţκȴʮ־ȣ뵽η¶ģҪ֪ڳ֮Уʵ̫ǿ˵ܷ¶
֪ܹԻԪ߲õĶҩΪģһ඾ҩܶ಻ֱꡣЩҩǵκĥŮģߵŮǻԪߣһЩߣﵽ˶֫ĵزѰϵƣҲֻǸеʹˡҪһУûﵽѪΣ䣬ȫûĥá
κӹĶأЩĥŮտЩŮʹȥԼս벻ɣκӰ¶ʵϣȴó뽫жľˮ£Ķأһ㶼ǱȽϻģһʼ¶̫ʹ࣬һʹҪΣˡԾ뵽ʱж¶֪¶˭ֻκû뵽ǣȻǾˮ֮ж
ʵκӲ֪һʼ벢ûвǾˮ֮жҲܽӹ׼£ֻڽӹɲǣڵħѪͻȻһףףǾˮ⡣
ڵħѪʾ¾ͽжľˮȥ뵽Ǿˮ֮У̺ԪĶأбһ¡ҲѰߣ㱻κӶ¶֪¶˭
κӣѾ׷ħûǡȻŭɳ⣬ȴ޷κʲô
ͺñȹҧһڣ㲻ҧڹһһ
ڵκӣǷ蹷벻ҧȥκʵ֮ϣֳԿջ
ϵǲҵˣκɫһ˫ͨ죬ɱǺεͷŶ
ȻˣĽǿˡ
κһһֱӶԳ붯֣ľ磬뱬ȥ
ʲô
һĻ˵ɫ͵һ䣬˭Ҳû뵽κӾȻֱӶԳ붯֣Ҫ֪֮ǰԼս¶˵κȻħɻ˼ǣ˼ŵĹأĿŵĶԳ붯֣Ǵ˿̣κӣȻֱӶˡȫԤϡ
κΣң
Դһһֱӳ˹ȥ
ʱҲޱȺ֪κѾħͲöԷڵãԷȻֱӶĿ˶ˣλˣѾϱţҪμӾšһľûܲμӣκӹȻһҲù
Ҳû뵽κӻͻȻ֣ԷֵɲǣѾӦһһӿֱӭԵһ
顫
һһµĲɢΪģԲڵһУ顣µϮֱӱ˿ɣһ˿ѪȻκһѾ˵˳롣
ǿǿĹһȻ·硣д󾪣ֻһУȫԸȻ·磬κӣɢ˶ħȻ˿µʵѹּǻˣԸκӣֻǷħҲͰˣؼκӷħ֮£ʵȻޱȿ¡
ɶСӣȻҡ
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ͯɢޣȻòٵĻԵʵϣʹӵȣǲ˲٣رһµıȻӺ档
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ȻαԪ񾳵߶ԣֵһᣬǼܲסͨһڶ࣬ǽʵαԪһı¶ܹͨƵһ߶ԣʲôʵһӰ򣬶ں󱲵İ
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475 
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477 
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ʧܵߣһղѣرЩ˰ٶߣǺڲѣʱ̣ȫһǰ˰Уһ
ֱ֪ԣսԽԽֵ࣬ԽãõӵĻԽ󡣶ڴ߶ԣǲܣ˶ΣһһǶԣĻԵ
ϾЩߣõһߣҲϾԶ߶ѣЩɢ޵ߣһǶԣѾȻһ㡣
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ս忰Ԫǿ󷨴߶ҪսΪѣ˵ǰЩԪߡΪﵽԪ˾صߣҲѻսʷϵȷǴڹսţԲŻдһ˵
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ǰһԵʥʹߣҲޱȹ
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΢΢ͷЦŵأǡһεĿˣ񡣡
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ӵ˵ĶԻû˿ڸǵļڳߣޱȵţﵽ񾳻ҳ֮ΪƵֻһˣǾݵ档
ȺУɽϤӣɫͨ죬洴ĴڡĻ񣬹ɽͶģޱȵϤˣȴǵһμеλ֮ϡ
棬棬Ҽ档ɽޱȣԣһЩ֪ɽߣһĽ֮ɫһǿĴڣݵߣԪ磬صı衣
ӵĿɨˣڳһ٣ȴδ˿ͣǸ̨λãĿϢǱĿΪ㳡κη紵ݶ޷
û뵽һ涼ˡǸֿ˵ĳϣҲǸпѣҪ֪ſ˾꣬ʵϣ߳ϯĴȴָ
֪ǻԪߣһαչ꣬Ϊģ龳߸˾ռߣıչأҲǼΪ񾳣һαչأޱһεĿˣܹǡǿ߳أսģޱϡ١
ʼȻĳЩԤϣ߻ǰʼ
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ĳ֣ǸһεĿ˴һǿ룬ԭʵߣԾҪսнʵȫչ¶˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ뿪Ǽʵλʱ뿪ǿɾ͵ʴˡ
ৡ
˲䣬һ˱ֱʧǰ
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Ѿǳʮֱܡ
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ݡ
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Ҫ֪˼ŭޣǱƵڶ˺ѿռȥˣȻİ
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ݼȻǹ֮һԣķ棬ǹ߷棬Լڹ֮УȻǽóɱĹ֮һõɱһ֮ϣǺ֡
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ʱţżһʧ˳ʣ¿˵ҲԽԽ٣ֻʣʮҡ
սʵٴѾǴﵽԪؼޡ

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ǰһο֮УΪǿģȴһ֮ģ˸е˼ǣͨݺݱгԹ

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һԵļҲ΢΢˵ͷ̭ͬԿλԤеλмǿĲοá
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ͨ˵ߣʱ䣬ҲǱ˴飬ϾԺҲʦֵܣΪͬһͨ˵ߣǵĹϵڵߣԵøӵ׽
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ڶ࣬ƴ½һ֧֣Ȼ
ڽϵ츳ʺһ浭Ȼ
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ݣͽ¶Է̴ӦŮ΢΢һЦأ˼ͽ¾ûķˡ
ͽҷӷģѾ֪δͽ»СӡƲƲ
εǿߣѾͽοǸΣǿվԪ۷Ĵڡ˵ֿеţȫţ޷Ǹεǿ߿ͽǸΣѰ׷ȫͬ
ŮҲԣҲףͽĿ̫СˣҪ֪ڵߣȻܶ඼ܹĽ̵ʵϣͽ١µӣһеţ̤񾳵ߣˣ
񾳵ĵӶ˶࣬ٶһ񾳵ĵӣԣ¶⣬ʵϣȫţҲûʮ̤񾳡
ԵǸΣһλϣ̤񾳵ţ⣬οѰš
Ҳεǿߣʱ䲻û񾳵ǿ򣬲ŻżһЩź󱲼Խ̵ˡ
λҲȥոֺˡŮӿڵ
˵Ǹ󱲣ҲΪ棬ǷͽҪۼܾϾͽǴ£Σͽ

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һο˵ʵʮǿһΣǰս龳ǿҲ࣬ЩϣȻҲϣܹЩ֮ҵʺԼĵӡ
һ֮Уȴǳ˼ţݵںͨݵĳ룬ݼκһĿˣ¶׶õһһĿɨ㳡ĳˣ˵
˵Ĳһο˵ĵһ¾֮еһЦŵ
ԣ΢΢ͷȷ˵ʵ֮ͬжǼΪǿˣŵӡ
֪ϱȽϿ˭ʥʹϣʵ
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ұȽϿڣʵǿ̨սʵ֮ս֮£ݼͳȴҪһЩ΢Ƭ̺󣬲ǿڵ
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ݼڽΣս޷̨֣һսݼΣ޷֣ҲȫʩչΧĹֶΣƵݼûεֶΣݼʵɴ
еʱ̫̣ȻóΪϲ࣬ôֲȽóҪܵˣ¾ˡ
ҵǱȽϿݼͳ롣ʥʹ΢΢һЦ
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˻ϲ΢΢һ
֮ǰĽǰݼͳۼߣұȽϿˡʥʹЦŵ
ԣһЦۣɣ츳Ǳݼȷ֮ϣ̨֮սϣƴĿɲֻ츳Ǳڱһλ龳ʦ̵ʵȻ
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û뵽Ȼֳˣȴǲ֪λŮǺˣ㳡ϣһͨ˵ߣǼ
Ȼ֮ǰҲڽϣջ뿪ˣûͽ֮£Ȼʲôϣٴγ֣ǵĻᣬֻҪǱֵ㹻ͻ˵ϣ¡
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£ȻҵϣС濴˵ָ䣬ҲǼİ
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ſ˾Ȼλǿ߳ϯſ˵ʷϣҲǼٳֵġ
һεľ»쳣ļң˵ͽϣСΣҪһԡɫҲǱޱȼᶨ
һλǿʦܹߺܶ·һ㣬ɢһĳ룬ޱȵ
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Ծǰ任һ̣һյأĲߣˣǹƽ
ˡ
һ첨ˣչĳḵֳ̌ʮ飬תƵڱԡ


482 ݼս
Ķ֣һλԪڵӣԷ룬ɫʱһ˿Ц
֮ǰĽӿۼս֣ʵ¶Žǰʮڰ֮УǿͨˣǳĶ֡
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ڣʲô˼ܹȡʤȻϵܡһԪصӣһŭĿڡ
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Ȼڲû˶ȴǶЩֻǰڵʵ˲õˡ
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û뵽ôͽ֣ԭΪʱ򣬲ŻύءһЦ
Ԫǿֵ߽ĸʻǺСģϾһʮαԣÿֻҪʮΰˡ
Ҳû뵽ôͻͻԪص߽֣ҲãڽУҲܶԱ˴˵ʵи˽⡣һȻ
ֹȻʹ죬ȻˣǾսɡбŷһǿս⣬ͬĻԪǿߣҲǵһν֡
Ͼⴳ˵Ԫص߲ټʵϣܹڴﵽεģࡣ
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ܹ̤Ԫأ츳ǲͬһҲ龳ǿ
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ʮֱԺܿǽʮʤɽǰʮͯһλԪ۷УҲɽǰʮǰʮߣλԪص֮⣬ʮȫǻԪصǿߡ
⣬ʮݸĸһͬս
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һʮˣʮݸᣬƽһݸһˣˣҪ֪ȻĴţҲ̫࣬ߵĲϾԤֻһˣǰȥߣҲϣԼܹͨԤ̫࣬żĲߡ¶𹫷ߣҲԡ
һ΢ЦԵĿһǷڵķ
ߡǷһһȻҵţͨҲǲҵһעͨݻ𣬾ҲѹƲס
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Ůó֮һóɱһݼֻڰɱóδػ̫⣬ݼչ¶ʵѾݼˡ
ϲʦһõӡһԵ湰ֵ
Ů˵˻ȻѾǾݼΪӣȻһϲҲǸпѣһοȰʦҰǿµģʵǿڣҲ츳Ǳĳ룬һʼûעݼ
˵ĶԻǸߣ޷
ݼˡ
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ҿһαԣջʤıȻڡ
ڻʤҲɡ
һ۷׷ף˶׷׿ڣϾڵʵݼȻʵɱ»ǱһЩ
ݼһս֪ʤĻ˭а
ˣһھĴţȻϵսǿɳȴԼãݼӲ򵥡
ݼڣҲ˿Ĵ⣬Ԫ߶ޣһ˲ǳݼ

ݼ˲ԭʧ·δֹһ㣬ڣ޷оݼĴڡ
֪һУûзһµɱ𵴣һ𣬿ֲ˲ɢһӰֱӱɳȥ
ݡ
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ƣ
ݼһһĽݺݵӭȫһ
顫
ֲನ𵴣ݼҲǱನõɳȥ
ݼɱ㲻ҵĶ֡Цһһٴɱݼ


483 ֮
ȫ֣ݼֻܱмܣûʲô֮Ҫ˶þͻܣһĻҲǿĹսľѡ
Ȼ֪ڵʵǿ󣬿ݼҲھĴţ˿ȴǱȫѹƣҲֻʱѡ
ڱߵɱ¾֮Ͳ֪˶ȫɱݼʵҲ׵ѹơһ龳΢΢ҡͷ
ݼɱȷֶڵǰûκεãɱǹ֮һɱ¾֮ǿΪɱοڳɢޣͲ֪ٴεɱеľ衣
ɱɱгϻӶһµĽӿ޾𵴣ݼ
ۡ
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Ȼһʼݼ͹һ֮񣬸ûк潻ֵĴ㣬ڿƺݼ֣ʵȴں;֣ڻݼ˲䣬иеݼΪʤ
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֮Уֻ񾳵ͺŮӣŴһʼͷݼ˹֮ʵϣ罻֣ϵ˶ײֻ͸Ӱǿֻһλ棬޷֪ǽֵľȻҲ޷еݼӪľƭ˹ȥ
Уһ棬СӵҲмǱŮЦŵϵ֮ɫȴ˭ܿóȻŮӶݼıʮ⡣
Ͼ֮ȻѣҲûлᣬܹʵս֮õزɲֻ츳ǿô򵥵ˡ
ݼһսܣ˵Ԥϡ
һսҲʧȥھʸ񣬶ݼǳΪŵѡѾ϶ΪھѡϾǿߣݼɻܡ
ʵϣݼһսڶԹ֮һû̫˽⣬ݼܹù֮ʤҲ˼򵥡
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ڣŲԶӣɫ쳣
ڵʵһβ֮ǿģ֮ǰݼҲûκ˸С
룬ò˵СˣԭΪʵ޷ǰʮھݼһսԱøС
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˵棬ҿʵǲôǿսӿ֮ǰЩǿߣ޷вֻеεǿߣȫһս
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룬Ҳ򵥰
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ʦܿϵĵӣȻ̨ϣŮĻ棬а
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Ѳ绹֮ϣа
뷨ո𣬾ͱڷˣΣǵѪ漰ΣǻԪߣޱȵѣѰߣʮ꣬ϰ꣬δܹﵽǾţҪ֮ڴﵽѪΣޱѣǳȫߣδܹ
ڶҪˣ˭Ҳ޷赲ҡŭһһ̳һµĽӿÿһ̺Ŀֲ·Ҫ˺ǰһС
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ݼ˵ϤԷֶΣɱһԪصߣ˵¶棬ѰĳϣỳǱ
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ڵڵһ̭֮У෬ĥ£սʵǿޣ۲޵Ĺںһ⾳ԼĽ֮СȻֻһ⾳ɶʵȴҲޱȾ޴֮ǰǿһУڻݼľǵʱ̫⣬δػ䡣
ĽӿһصĲʱо·һƶһ£ޱȵѡ


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֮һٶȹ֮ϣΪóȻݼעذɱֶΣɲɱϲóҪ֪ǲóɱ̭֮УҲ׵նɱޡ
е˼룬ȻܹൽݼΣģӦҲһִŮ΢΢һЦ
Ϊѣ߲Ǵĳһ棬ݼȻߵǹ֮һʵϣڹߣߵİɱ·ӡϸ˵ⲢĴĴȫģˮںϣγˮˮֵȻҲˮûں֮£ֻܲһ档
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ݡ
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յѪߣնԴ࣬ǶԣĶǼСģֻдŻݼʵȻɻûܹĲΣ˵ǻѰĻԪߣܴ壬֪ûд߶ħƣǻԪص߶ܴ
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ȻδųݼĽ֣˶ףһεĿˣǰѾȷߣֻˡ
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೤ϡڲ鿴һһƣвЩʧȻĶ龳ʵųϣԤϵһ㣬вû档
ѡ೤ϵƣ೤ϵʵ۷ߣ֮һ̤أл񾳵ǿߣܰҲǲĽˡ
ߣݼͳȴֻܵһƶѡ
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ݼһ㶣ԥƣȻԣһβμſˣ˵Ǵ⼧һڼȻİܹ뼧£Ϊ񾳵ĵӣﻹԥ
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룬Ը¡ͷһȻܹõ浱õƣȻޱ𺳡
룬ϲڳ뼸Ҫԥ֮ʣһͻأֻԶһ龳ݸһơ


486 ʦ
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ǰڶƣľЩͬѰˣҪ֪ЩȻƵʱˣʵϣǶЩͨ߶ԣЩųϿԼΡԸ̨ϵĳϣ¶֪˴˴ơ
ƣ̨ϵĳϣ¶У֪һ񾳵ǿߴ׼ճΪӣڴƣرʵλ棬ⲻҲ
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˵һζſ˹ھ츳ˣʵϣԻԪĿˣǰμӵģǶµߣЩȫܵţ
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һѾںͽǿ߶ԣͽǺεȵѣ
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档ɫͨ죬ǿԪ۷֮һʵɲ⣬̸ޱȣڽ̵ϣҲǼΪɫĴڡ£񾳵ĵӣкüλָ㣬̤񾳵ߣʮˡ
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˿̶󣬽ĳ룬ܹߵʲôزҲ׹ΪʲôƺΪó룬ɳѡȴ棬̵Ҳ˵ֱһ㣬涼ĵӡһʦ͵ͽκˣ֪ѡ˭
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΢΢ͷû̫⣬ϵ󽣵䣬ԲƣҲͶԻԪһµ߰󣬵˻ԪΣ츳߻ۣܿŶԣϵ󽣵䣬ѾԵЩˡ
ûʦ̵ܹߵһҲΪסƽҲһɢޣƾŬԼһнյĳɾͣڳϣ·𿴵ԼӰӡ


488 ̵ָ
棬ɢޣһߵڣʶ̫ţĶȴǼ٣ֻΪ͵Щƣֵõ󽣵ĴУŻĶΪӡ
콣⣬ģƿǰһС·ڳ죬̺Ϣ̫սĵø
纣뾹˲֮УһյĹ򣬲ѹĻҲǳ׵ӡڳԺ֮УֻҪҪҪʱܻ
ָǳϸҲǳԣҪ콣⣬ͽ򣬱Ͼ֮򣬳ǻĵͬڵ֮ϣʦָ㡣ҲֻһЩĵðˡ
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츳֮ڣⶼϣʧһƽﵭ˵
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ƣ棬ôҲԼʦ𣬼涼һʱ䣬Լֱ뿪ˣҲδ̫ˣҪ֪׽磬㸺ʦ𣬿ɺôҲǽ̵࣬Ż뿪Ҫ֪һЩͽϸ̵Ӱ궼ǼΪġ
棬ǵ㱦Ͳ˰ɡȥĳ룬һЦ
Ƶڣ²ٱЩ˵ǴߣʵϣñģһߣˮǴƵ츳ģͱһˡ
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㣿΢΢һҪ֪Ƶ߲֪٣ҲֻһܹˣˣѾעܳΪ񾳵ߡ
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ʵͽȤˣĻԼʵֻгʱĳӣһƬ֮С
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СӾһŰֽʲôѧʹκαǳˣԷý̶ԷõԷôѡ
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ҵʵܹڴڶ㣬ͺܸˡͯһЦڶ㣬ų龳Ŀܣ˵ܳΪųϣԣѾˡ
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ȴǲ֪ĽʲôһĲȥ


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ڵΪ;磬Ԫ۷Ľԣ󣬶龳Ľʵ޷
޷Ľ龳ĽԣҲûʲôô
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Ȼǿ󣡡пֻǵһ㣬ޱѣ붼û˿գܹ֮ڳɹ
ƵĲʵѾﵽ˻ԪزΣȥѹŴǵѪ¶ֱˡ
ʮʱ䣬˳Ƶ

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Ƶ㣬Ҫ֪ţһĻԪߣͨĶ࣬һҲôʮ˰ˡС֣֪ԪߣԪ޾ģͨ㣬ֻҪ䣬̤龳ܻ۶ٵ龳ߣ
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ˣô죿ݼһ㶣ʱûм룬ǳ֮ǰƵ߱ȻἰϾһοǰһͬƵǼΪѵһ顣
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491 
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˫ڣֳϵֻǻԪо龳ĳϣ˴֮Ҳо֮ǰͽĳϣͨſ˳ɳǿߡЩűڳɳǿߣЩͨ˵ΪͽмΪ֮
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״ӣҲֻ˶ѡ
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ڳ֮£ͯؾĹǰΰĹͯҲһп֣ĹǺ󡣡
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Ȼų£ƽʱĹҲлЩɲʦġͯһִͨ£˵࣬ţִµĵλҲͱЩѰĵǿһЩˡ
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492 
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ոճءͯʦܵˣæ׷ʵ
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494 
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ԪȻУɵУȴֻһΣֻ¶ʱڣҲ޷밵ҡͷ
ݲһŽźѵģ෴һ֮мĽüݹԪҲѾǵĲΣҪУѣ
ʵǧʱ䣬ʵѾܴѰĻԪߣĶ֡
Ƶعߣ໹ǲСһЦ
ǧʱ䣬ҲȥƵ㣬ʮʱ䣬Ͳòܣ̫ˡΪѾǻԪڣع֮䣬Ȼž޴Ĳࡣ
ȻƵصع߲޴󣬲ǧʱ䣬Ҳǰ׹ģع֮Ĳ࣬Ҳһ֪Ҫ֪һδصʱ򣬳һжûܽ£ͱعһ˳
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ճأ̱Ǽæ棬ŵҳ
֣һЩƣŵĵҳϣôͻȻ
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ŵĸˣΪǴﵽ۷壬ʵǷų֮УҲǲȴͳŵĳϣֻƽռһųϺִ¸ˡ
Ҳû뵽ŸˣôʱԼϾ֮ͨҲֻȥһΣһλȡԴʱ䣬϶ؾڣ͵ҲֻһμûʲôԶԷʵݣҲύ
ҳϡƼѵȺĿߣæֵ
룬ǳˣҪٲأҲֻܶóϵݣŮ֪ͨˡҳϼ룬ɿڵ
ţһ㶣һԣʲôҪ飬߱չأοݱȽ⣬ҳȻύҲ׵
ҳϴ˴ǰĪʲô²ɣæ
ܹõֲϧóݣҲҪԼȻʲôС¡
΢΢ͷ֪̫һ̣
Ȼͷ
󳬼ţ̫һ̣ʥʥڵʱɲ⣬ǹϵԪǿź̫һȻʥ򣬲ҲǳԪ磬ҲΪ۷ļ֮
̫һĳֻҪе۽ߣûв֪ģǿǺһεĳ
ѵҳϴ˴ǰ̫һйأüͷһ
ֵͷ󳬼˴˵ĹϵǱȽѺõģϾֳһʲôǿ¶ϯԪ磬ԾײЩʵϣ󳬼ϵ
밵Եͷĳǣһȫ˴֮һЩڵսĵز
һڣоοͬһȻŹϵȽϺȻЩһЩײߵľֻ֮˵
֮ľֻҪ漰ǸεսӰ쵽֮ϵŸ߲ԣ־ҲڿģС֮֮ˡ
̫һ̺֮䣬˴ҲһЩбһγɵĽᡣֵ
᣿һ
ᣬź̫һһͬģÿһΣĶвŵӣһд轻˫һĵˮƽҲǱ˴ֿ֮֮ڵ
ȻҲ˵ֵ⡣
ҳϵ˼ҲμһεĽ᣿뿪ڵԴûʲô֮УһѾûܹвĴڣڵŽԳҲһѵõĻᡣ
ֵ˵ͷҲһε⡣
ԭҲûսһεȷʵЩ⡣ɫһ̫һǱ߳һţв꣬ΪѾ̤Ԫأ˵һؼʵΪ¡
Ԫأ
ɫ΢䣬вʱ䣬̤Ԫأ˵ΪףȫرѣؼԷ츳ѹֵɫҲ
ǰνᣬŻʤһ̫һ̿˵Ϣֱ֮ǰҲŵõϢһȻ٣ܺһսҲֻ㡣ֳ
΢΢ͷԪصΪһؼȷ¡Ҫ֪֮ǰΪһһŵܣҲֻǻԪصΪûؼ˫ʵ˲һ㡣ֵ֪õϢֻǶԷ¶ʵ˵жǿû֣˭Ҳ֪
˵ź̫һʵ̫࣬һ̴ڱŸƾãϣҪһЩ̾һ֮Уŷչʱ̣ȻǿߣҲԽ񣬵̫һǵȴµĳ֮䣬һЩࡣ


500 ʦ
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ʲôʱʼ뿪ʵ
º󡣡ֵ
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΢΢һԭΪٻеȼʮŻῪʼϾ˵ڵ߽ԣʵ¶ޱȵ֮¼µʱ䣬̫ˡ
ʱȣҲ㡣ֿЦ
Ҫ֪ΪŸˣʵϣƽʱǽ񽻸ųϺִ£ԼǼٲֵģһҪ̫һǱðһʱȣҲǰ롣
Ϸģʱһ׼μӡɫ
΢΢ͷһǰμӣĵʵڳʤûֻ̫һǿľǳ룬ϵѪ䣬Ҳ̫ѿ
Ҫ֪̫һ˽ֻչ¶ʵѾڳ룬ʵǴһ˽⣬̫һˣȴ֪֮١
ʤϣСֻҪ̫ѿҲˡϾᣬ˫ǻӮҲû
û뵽̫һ̾ȻǿߣһεĽᣬȴЩڴˡһâڵʵһĵ֮УѾûʲôսԡ
Ԫ缴ͬĳʮܹЩŵĶһϸ£Ҳʮֵļڴ
֮У벢ûмչأǿʼĥʵս顣
£ĥµʵսĵطڵȻ۸ʵ͹Ƶɱĥ·Ƶ֮ϡ
ಡ
һϮηٵЩг̣ÿһ֮УرȵʮֹǳطҲǼΪġ
ֻǼʱ䣬ˣгʩչƿսʩչԪȻֵܹסϮ
ڵǸΪʵԽǿԽǿʮֵҲԽǿһ̣תһɢƬ̱ٴ
಻٣ڵʱ̱ʮ
ֲյʱ䣬˳ʵǼǿţ͵öõѪֶΣһĥ£벢Լ֡
ʮÿһ·̺һصζȴû˿Ĵ򡣡һЦ
̺һǿؼҲٴΣЩֲ٣ȴûܸ̺ܵؼ
治֪ʦֵʱδЩĹ֮Уһؼġһп
޷󣬵ൽģԷ츳׸ߵʲôزȻܹĹ֮ؼ
֪ؼõзţɹĶࡣؼȻ紴ؼǰѣɱ˽ߣҲֻǻԪζѡ
񾳵ߣķѴʱ䣬ܴؼؼɢĹ֮УҪ򣬾龳ߣӱԪεˡ
ٹǽᣬ֪̫һһλʲôǿߡĿ⿴Զһ⡣
ʱţһתۣѾǵ˽ӡ
ΪһĵһţҲǳ˽֮ϡ
֣˵һ֮г˲ٵţдƵĲĶˣϲɺءһ߳Ц
˵Цˣһ֮Ȼ˼Сһ̫һȣǲһЩЦ
΢΢һЦܲרǰǰζŻʤһҲ̫һ˰ɡ
֮ǰνᶼŻʤҪٰ֪أһλʤţ̫һѾǺüνţΪ̫һŵĸˣȻҲǲôÿ
˵ĲȻˣǾǿʼɡ΢΢һЦڵ
ߵ㣬һӵĺһȥ԰ɡ
ǡӹӦ£һԽϹ㳡ĸ̨
㣬һսսֵڳ˶
һԾ˸̨˵ΪǻԪ۷壬Ϊᣬ˫ǲĵӶ࣬ǻԪغϵ߱ԣϾڵ߲٣һһȹǱ˴һеĴｻ֡
ˡ
һز֣һ̣˱ǴǸ̨ʧ뽻õĹ֮С
ǧʱ䣬ʵ٣Ƶ֮УҲֲܼٵʱ䣬ʵһսӦⲻ󡣡ͯС˵
뾭չأؾĻ᲻࣬ͯ˵Ǿ棬ʵͯ˽ҲΪ
ԣҲ΢΢ͷ츳֮ʵҲǼ죬ȻֻǻԪ۷ΪһĻԪߣĶ֡
˵ʦһ̫һűǰĶеٮٮߣҪʤûô򵥡ݼ
ǧУݼΪ̤ͬ˻ԪأݼʦĽ̵ҲǱߣȽ۰ʱܹõָ㡣֮£뵽ڣҲֻǼһΰˡ
ҲʦرǸаѾǻԪصΪܹԪصߣΪ¡ɫ
ܹԪصǿߣ˿£ͯɫһ䣬ԪصߣǼǻԪ۷һȺˣȻһвߣǾаҲδ̫һЩ
Ҫ֪ΪԽߣԽҪԽ׶սԽѡ
֮УҲֻг֣ǾаЩʤ㡣ݼɫص
ǧУΪʵСаڴƵĲ㣬Ծаȴû˿İգǾаʵԱȵĲҪǿ١
ʼˡ
ڴʱڵѾĺֻ֣ǽƬ̣˱Ƿ֣㾹Ȼѹơ
ǿ˵ʵ¶ӽƵʵˡɫΪѿû뵽һ֣ͱԷѹơ
ǰΪ޼ĺʵӽƵˡ
֣һ֣ӮˡŰĻ棬΢΢Ц
ԣֵɫһԻûһء
ԵֵȻܹóĺĲ࣬һ㣬⣬ûȡʤĿܣֻҪߵ䣬ȴ
û뵽̫һɳߣʵǰյĻ棬ɫҲࡣ
ȻܹѾѹƣֻҪһʱ䣬͵ܣ⽻һ֣Ǿˡ
һԵݼɫҲǱ࣬˵ǵʵɻ㣬ˣǼ˿һŵ֮ǰʮߡĺֻ̫һһжʮ֮ɳһߡ
Ȼ˫һյĹǱܣ⽻ĵһ֣űܡ
ˡ
һزҲǳǰ
û뵽һ־ˡŻеĺһɬ
ǲȡսķʽڵߣԲսʤ£ֱµˣսΪֹ


501 аʵ
һ̫һбҪʤѶȲСɫص
ֻɳĵһߣ̫һǱߵľʵȷЩ˵ԤϣҪ֪һԣɳĵһߣʵ̫ǿ
˫ıԽֱɳǿһսɣȻʲô£漰ŵ棬˽ҲнζС
£һϡֿһӣɫƽ
Ȼ֮սžܣڵֶԣȴʲô£ϾոտʼӮǼΪġǶԷǲһԪصĵӣΣǲŲ
ǡ
΢΢ͷһʧһ̣ӰѾǳ˰֮еĻС
ڵĵӣͨ˵ߣʵһڵĵ֮УҲŽǰʮ֮ϡ
µʵ֮ϣ֮ǰĺ֣ҸоûȫԸһս¡
֣ȷһԵͯɫ΢䡣
µʵȻ֮ϣǿҲޣϾ˵ڶûܴƵ㣬֮ǰĺȫԸһʵһη³ս½Ҳ̫á
ġЦһʱĻ֮УĺѾͷ½֣˫սԴ·硣
鷳ˡݼһۣ¶˿Ц
ȻЩͨ˵ĵӣڵĵЩԸʱ̫һ̵ߣȴһģܣΪŵӵǣҲÿ
ɶĺȻʵһ֪֮ǰһսĺʵ
ĺʵ֮ϣǿӽƵʵˡ
ݡ
һһӿֲϯݺݵĺ
СӣʵɻĺмһЦдһ𣬵ӰӿͬˣХֱӽµĹ顣
ಡ
ĺһǰд󵶻Ӷֱ¡
Ȼǿ֧ţ˶ܿºĺ಻Сºܿͻ
֣ڶ֣Ӯˡ߹һЦ
Ӯ֣ǼΪˣرĺʵһ֮Уֻһ㣬ļˡ
ʱĺӮ֣Ǹ˲ٵ档
˼սһ㣬ܡ
ĺҲ˳˹ϾԣҲǲСһʵߣʤôѾ
˫Ҳǲ˲ٵ߱ԣʤܵĶԣ̫һһʤĴ࣬ȴӮ١
ϣֱԻȤȥνᡣڴʱ̫һһһֵ߳
аҪ֪ڽвŴ룬һаգĿϣɫƽ
а
Ǿа
˵Ļ˵Ŀⲻӵϣ˱һ̫һ̵һţΪѾ̤Ԫصľа
µĶ֡Ŀһһ˿ΣС
Ȼûн֣ɾаȴһּвף˵ʵѾв
һЩ߹ˣкξ֮аһм

ɶҪʦִʱڸ֪ʲôš
˻һߵɫһ䣬һŭѡ
ȻޱȷŭݼȴǼΪ侲ΪǶаԲʲôĽɫݼǸε߶û˿ʤ㡣
֪Σ߿һԵĵ֡
ֵɫΪѿԭĽᣬ߾Ӯ٣Ǿаϳ˵νᶼ˽ˡǰŲûǱһ󱲱ƵزҲʮֵŭ
ֻ֪ɾаǰȴòӦ£ΪһνʤŶûУǷЦ
Ȼдˣоܾĵ΢΢һЦ˵
ֹȻǣ߹һЦԾааѾӦʧ
лǰȻǰʧаȻһЦһ˲ǳ˸̨֮ϡ
ֵɫһаǾ䶨ʧֱǵҲǸеһ˿ŭ
ÿٶȣֻٶȣƵ˲٣ûߣûгսʸ񡣡ݼɫһпаȻδ֣ɶԷչ¶ٶȣѾǼΪĿ£һĻԪߣٶ֮£ᱻѹơ
΢΢ͷݼͱȽóٶȣɼˣԾа۶֮ߣɼԷٶȺεȵĿ¡
֪˭һսаĿɨһһϷʵ
˻һ˶Ƿŭޱȣ֮ǰаչ¶ٶȣһĻԪߣѹơԪصߣֵʸûУһǰĻԪߣҲֻ˶ѡûκһ˵ϾабʤգҪ֪֮ǰϢаѾһؼ
һսһԾ̨
㣿аĿϣһ˿м֮ɫҡͷ㲻ҵĶ֡
ԣȴû˿ŭףа˵ĲԾаʵӵдƵĲʵڵȷǶԷĶ֣һսȴ֣һҪ֪Լһ۷ţжĲ࣬ҲΪ̽аʵ
ϾھаʵϢ̫٣û㹻˽⣬˶ϾаҲǼΪ
ʵһǰ֮УڵʵѾŽǰˡĵ֮УܻڸĥµģսϾĶ̫ҪˣҲΪһν͵ܵǰ;ʦһӦʵܵߣһڰ֮ǰѾûʸμӽᣬʣµһˣҲֻǻԪڵΪˡϾаϣͬС
֪Ķ֣ڵĿھаϣҺ֪ҺĲ࣬ж󡣡
㣿аԣ΢΢һЦһ
ˡ
֣һ̣˵αԸ̨ʧ
ţ֮Уһµĵ
顫
һӰֱԸ̨䣬ǰһ޴˿ڣɼǣعǣֱӱնϣһ㣬¶ֱӽ롣ߣǱˣڡ
ھȻסһУ
ɫһ䡣
ȻûܴĲ㣬ʵһ֮Уڶǰ壬ʵھȻ޷סԷһС
аһбǻڣϸ̨֣ǰϢʱ䣬ܶߣûܷӦѾܡ
ۡ
һѪȻһϮ֮ʣа֣ҲʱһȻ˲ᣬƼҲڶʱڻָ
ྐྵȻô󡣡һɬȻ֪ԼǾаĶ֣ΪֵܵУȻ˫һ֣аֻһܣǾа֣䣬ɣаһֱնɱ
㳡ѻȸŵ߼ǲŵĿܵڣ̫ˣ쵽û壬ںôҲǻԪصΪʵܹǰţȻһоͰˣ
ажǿ
ŻǱĿӣ˶ǵһаǿѾĳ̶ȣ


502 ݼս
̨ϣֵɫ˿ѾޱȵѿаʵȻ֮ǰ˽⵽ĻҪǿϲ١
ڵʵôҲŽһǰ֮УǳҪʤڣҲɣֻһУͱƵ˳˫ʵѾһΡ
ɺޣѵһҪ䲻ɣֵɫһа
ŲûǱǿƵѹƣţһлܣȴδֹģȻʡ
ʦܣΣݼæǰڵ
ҵƲҪаˣҼʱ䣬壬ҵĻָЩˡҡҡͷ
ǿµֵĻָûʲô󰭣ֻҪƳָܻܿ
аʵǿɱղѾˡڳ
΢΢ͷ
ɱһоնɱԪصߣҪҲô򵥣οڲһĻԪߣʵڿ¶ӽѰĻԪˡ
ʵұаһлܣ˶Ǹе˾޴ѹ
ʦ֣ʦ㡣ڴʱԭһ˹
һǰμڻԪţʵ֮ܣҲ޼޵пܴƵĲš
ʦܡݼǿˡ
ƽʱ˫ûʲôʱҲЩ֡
ʦܵʵȻǣҲ̫ҵʵ޷һлʦܣҲǾаĶ֡ɫƽ
ʦܹ˵°ɣüͷһڵ
ͷĿݼϣɱҵʵӦúݼʦࡣ
ݼûзԭóǰɱֶΣɱȷҪһЩ˵뼧£ɱֶҲֻǺͰɱֶβˣɱҲֻǺܲࡣ
һսݼʦսɣѾûбҪ̨
ݼʵ޼˲˭;а֣ĽҲ̫󣬱Ͼսȥ̫ˣⱻ˵ʤ֮䡣
㵹Ǻܻ㡣ݼ
ʦˣʵȥ¶һܣ£ʦóܹƵþаøֶΣʱʦֳ֣ʤҲһЩЦһæ͵
̵ԸʦԸ룬ҲԸݼ룬һǱ޴ţݼǿ񾳵ļˡ
ߡ˵ͨݼһ
ʵݼҲԼĴ㣬һս֣ͨ˵֮Уͳˣ֮ǰʹƵĲ㣬ܣǱΪһĵһǿߡȻʵɺôҲǲμ˺ڵӵıԣк;аֹЩõóֵľ֮£ݼȴԵЩĬĬˣֻſ֮Уչ¶׵ʵ츳
ΪвţݼҲԼĽȻǳĶ֣ҲҪչ¶һʵõ˵ĳϣһκ;а֣һκûᣬȻûʲôʤ㣬ǰֻҪǰ̫ܵңѾ㹻
ˣݼ;һսҪ֣ȴǲ֪һ㣬Żװݼǹ
Һ;аĲֻҲСֵܹʲôزԼҲݼ룬ڵʤ㣿
ûУа˵ڣһΣҸ޷жʵ¿ƶϣʵѾӽ˻Ԫصӡɫ
ݼ˵ͷԾаʵҲƲ⣬ԷʵӦýӽԪأѾ˻ԪزΡ
ǰ߻Ǻߣݼԣ쳣ǿĴڡ
ಡ
ݼһԾϸ̨
ݼû뵽һγֵľȻ
Ծϸ̨ݼսߣҲ۷׷ףӵſ֮ݼ־ͷ·ʧһ㡣˶ʵȻвٵĲ²⣬Ҳֻ͸ƵжʵΪݼڣδܴƵĲ㡣
ݼǼϵĵӣϽ̵ҲǼΪóݼǧ꣬ʵӦòֵּݼвЩڴ
֮ǰһܣҲǲÿǽıԣɱסаƣ³ŵѪʤҲܵ͡
ʦ֣ʦֶܹãʧݼ
һյ裬١΢Ƭ̺󣬲ǿڵ
ộһ㶣Щ˼Ŀų롣
Ĳ²⣬ݼְܼ㣬Լȥܼһյ衣
һ߹ݼпЦаʵԲǻչ¶ô򵥣ԷʵѾ˼Ϊµĵز˵Խز
ݼûʲôĵƣĺѡ΢΢ҡͷֱֻûʲôݣȻҲ˵
аг˵ôǿüͷһĿ⿴˰֮еĻ棬Ҫ֪̤ԪأΪѾǻԪڣͻƺˡ
û뵽ľȻһŮӣаĿݼϣһ˿֮ɫûв²⣬ӦǾͳϿУǸͨſ˵Űɣ
Ųҵݼɫƽֻʵˣͬǿߣл᲻֣һʧ
ȤѾܾûҽˡаһЦ룬Ƕţǧ꣬ǧ꣬˼Ѿˡ
ݼԣǲһ飬аӣвЩߵزǾĿޣнա
ܿͻ֪˵ĲʵˡаƲƲ죬ϵİ·һ㣬Ѱ߿һ˸оĸоǾаĿͬԹôȻ
ݼĴԷ䣬Ȼ֣޴ӷԷ
ߡ
ݼһ˲ԭʧ
е˼һɱ֣ҲóΣˡа΢΢һЦһ̣дһһµ˲

ռ𵴣ݼֱӱǿµĵĵɳȥ
ɶ񣬾Ȼֱӷҡݼɫһ䣬Ȼְ֪ɱֶκܿûʲôЧǶԷȻһ˲ͷصĵطȻǴԤϡ
Ҫ֪ڹ֮һĸԽԽݼεֶҲԽĸ»Ԫصߣϸܷ̽Ĵڡ
ȸղǸǿܽһСаһЦ˲ԭʧһ̣Ѿǳݼǰ
ʲôô죬ҾȻ޷ݼɫ䣬֮һҲǼΪóٶȵģǾаɱȻû־аεġ
εֵһݺȥ
ۡ
һֱ̣Ӷݼ塣
ʲô
ս߿һĻɫҲǴ䣬ŵڶУݼҪܲɣ
ţаǰݼͻȻһ㶣Ƕһ˿Ц⣬һ̣ǰݼɢݼùһӰ
ʱݼѾǳڰɿԶ
ݼĿԶľаɫޱҪղžӰһϮҪ˲ᣬǿֵҲں;а֡
̫ˣУȻұƵزݼоаʵԤϵĻҪ£Ѿﵽ˻ԪصĲΡ
аȻ֮ǰڣûгȫŰյĻ棬΢΢̾Ϣ


503 
ں;аֵʱ̫ˣֻһУһʱ䣬˵Ľ֮УѶԾаʵһжϡݼ;а֣̱Ƿ֣֮ǰڣаûȫԸ
Ǿаʵ
̫ˣݼѹơ
˿һĻʿˮаʵѾǵ
ݼʵǲɱδĶ֣һ񾳵ʦȻδ¶棬ȴû߸СܶߣжΪݼʵڳ֮£һڶǿߡ
ڣݼھаĹ֮£֮Ĳ࣬һ㡣
аʵȻ˿£ղһ»ң޷ܿɫޱأ֣˵пܳΪʵݼھаУֻһյĹ֧Ųˡ
ù߹ɵӰ˲ƶһŲֶΡаݼɫƽ
Ȼܿаһݼȴû˿иа̫ǿˣȫѹߵǹ֮һѾˡ
ֶȻһȴҪζ㿪аһЦһ˲ʧ
ݡ
µϮֱӽݼѹǹ֮Ӱѹ֮£顣
ɶٶ̫ˣҸҷĹӰ˷ΧѹҸ޷ܡݼɫһ䣬аһѾǷ·ֻѡӲ
ƣ
һ⻮ͬʵҫ
䡫
ͽһ𣬽ֱӱѹŤ飬ٶȲݺ
顫
ݼֱӱɳȥ
ۡ
ݼһѪɳһѾǳڰɿ⣬ϱ˿ڣҲѸٵĻָ
ɱҲ㲻ˡаĿһݼ֣ҲŹóǰɱֶΣû뵽֮£ȻܹһҪ֪֮ǰڣһ֮£ֱ˳
ȻˣҾͿܽסҶٵ
аһд󵶻Ӷһµĵѹ
䡫䡫
֮УаĹݼֻǿ֧ţϵҲԽԽࡣ
ʵ̫ˣݼҪˡ̾һ
֣һΣӮˡ߿ŰյĻ棬һЦ
ֵɫޱȣݼʵͳֻ࣬Ҳ̫ԾаȻȫѹƣûʲô֮Ҫ֪ܿаڣûжؼ
ûؼ֮£ȫѹݼһؼֻݼܡ
᱾ͻʤҵĲΣ⣿
ԣֻǺٺһЦȷѰĽᣬǶ̫⣬Ӯ³ԣǳ˭Ҳ˵ԼܹһֱӮȥ
ּѹ棬аһ˺ɨһŵ򣬼ڽʷϣҲǼٳֵġ
Ͼţͨ˵ţ֮ͬΪ۷ţ˴˵Ĳ಻̫󡣶ڣаչ¶ʵѾţʵʵڵγѹľ档
ѰĽǲ⣬Ľᣬĳףֹ޹⣬Ŷȫޡ
ӦѾ˵ѪɣڴʱڣаͻȻڵ
˻һݼһ㶣ھаĻȴûзϵ˼
ѹֵ֣ܹôУȻԵѪʾӦһҰɡа
˫ʮУаҲǷ֣ݼ˲٣ʵܵӰ켫С˵ǰĹ֮£ն֫ߣָҲûʲôĲŶԣΨһĿܣݼ˵Ѫ
ѪҲó汾ˡаɫдһޱȿµϢ𵴿
ˡ
һռ䶼Ϊ֮һһ̺Ŀܣݼ˵ѪȻеһ
ؼ
ݼɫһ䣬гһһӿˣ·һš
䡫
һ̣µĵǹһţֱۿɼٶ֮·ٵ顣
ۡ
Ѫɽݼ壬ǿµĵ֮£ֱӱ룬඼ֱӺ顣
⡭
ݼˣ
ɣ
Ǵ壬û˵ݼɫǴ䡣
ݼݲͬѰǼĵӣ֮гĻ̣ݼˣǺ˭
СӡɫҲ΢΢һ䣬һ̣֮УֻʣСݼȻڷٵĻָ
Ѫ
˲䣬˵Ժжĸ֣ȻݼҲ˵ѪֶΡ

һ̣ݼ˳˹ҲǷٵĻָţʱ䣬ǻָɫȴЩ԰ס
ֱӱ飬ȻָȴһЩȻĵ٣ݼҲҼȥĿǼѻָġȻΪһνᣬ˼ĸ
ݼæǰ
ǿյѪҲȡʤݼɫص
Ѫܵģһ٣͵ָܻһԣյѪߣһ٣취ˣϾ̫࣬Ӱʵ̫ˡ
û뵽ʵȻѾܹԪ
аչ¶ʵʵ̫ǿˣǿ󵽼εߣжһ˿
ʵǻԪزΡݼڵҲõģ¡
˿ĵڵѪֶΣȫûҪѰĹܹһĴڡҪԪߵһĻԪߣ
һǾΣˡ
סͷյѪߣΣա
Σգܾûָоˡ
аʵǿɳзӵ˷ԴյѪ֮ѾΣյĸо˵ͬߣѰʮߣѶ̫в
ಡ
һ˲ǳ˸̨֮ϡ
ˡ
̫ˣյѪݼˣҲӳ
Ǿавꣿôоţûֲ
Ÿ̨ϵĳ룬սһߣ겻ѣ̫ˣºųһһǿߵĳսҲû˿ġ
ˡ
ֳ룬һ̣αʧ
ӦþһĵһŰɡĿ⿴֣˵£
ǡɫΪѿǿڵ
Ѿܶ겻ͽӵЩϣ̫ɡ߹һЦ
ߡһͬЩûףϾаʵʵ̫ǿˣԵֵļʶ֮УǿߣǼٵġ
ʶ㣬ǳ롣аˣɿڵ
û뵽Ȼ̫һˡЦһ
ǧ꣬˵Ѫܿ£һֱ㽻֣ʱ㻹ҽ֡а
ûза˵Ĳոͨ˵Ȼ츳Ǳߣʵʵ¶ʱܣ˵Ǿаˡ


504 ƾ
һǧǰˣʵ̫ˣ󵽼Ǿа᲻Ȥͳ뽻֡
ȥһǧ꣬ʵҲ˲СǱΪһĵһţϣ㲻ʧֻƾѪҿԺܿ϶ĸ㣬䶨ˡаɫƽ
ѪڻԪǱȽǿıֶΣǶһЩǿ߶ԣѪݼ˵ѪھаУȻǱѹƣֱӺ룬ò䡣
û´ӦҲ˵Ѫ뿪ڵ
ϧڣûܹƵҶõѪֶΡа˳һۡ
Ѫ֮£գʵյѪҲнݾģͬ룬ħѪ˵ѪݼԼԹߵĸ򣬼ϼ׳ıָ㣬֮յѪ
аΪһ̫һ츳ߵߣͬ˵Ѫֻʵʵ̫ǿѾھͨûܹƵõѪֶΣЩ̤Ԫػߣ
ȻˣҲԷһսбŷһǿޱȵս⡣
֮ǰаڽ֣󶼵ջزΪûյѪǺڶ䡣
յѪ߽֣ûһĹƣȫԷſ˴ȫ֣٣Ҳ䡣
ǾҿûʸȫԸаһгһޱȿµϢϯ
ಡ
˲䣬;аͬһʱ䶯ˣѸ硣
ݡ
ݡ
Ӱ۳һµĽ⣬𵴣⻪
䡫
ͽһ𣬿ֲ𵴡
ֶεǱ֮ǰǿ˲١аĿһŲԶĳ룬˵
ȫһ֮ǰݼڣ޷Ľ뾹ȻԽȫһʵҪ֮ǰݼڻҪǿϼ֡
ٽһ
󵶺ɨ̺ĿϯǳҲǸܵһǿޱȵѹ
ƿս
һ𣬻ӰסϮһ
ಡಡ
Ӱٽ֣ͬӰһ㣬ЩΪԲߣЩ˵ٶȡ
ֵĿܣûߣҲܸоǺεȵĿ£ѰĻԪߣֻûС
̫ˣ˽֣ûյѪֻ֮£ˡ㾪̾ѡ
˽ȻͳЩ࣬ҲڵֲʸûУǶ̶һǧʱ䣬ʵѾˣûвʸĵز
ԭΪյѪҺ֮ĲСû뵽ǧȥ෴ԽԽˡݼŰյĻ棬΢΢һ̾
֮ǰԾаĹòʹӲΪյѪָǿ󣬲ǿֵסھаĹ֮£ȻǱѹơ
ڣ˷֣뾹Ȼ˿·硣
ݼȴǲ֪ںʮ֣ÿһʵ¶ܽӽݼǸΣĥ֮£Ժεǿ󡣼ԾаĿ񹥣Ҳ׵ֵ
ʹ죬þûʹɱˡаһЦ
֮ǰݼ֣ЩĵԼȫԸֱնɱ˶Էɺͳ뽻֣ȫԸȻֵܹɱѾǧûо
γһյѪҲܹɱزߡԪȫʩչɾȻ˿κβþа
ȻûʧȻҲ֮ǿаĿ⿴룬Цŵ
˴˽֣аΪռƣ˫ȫ֣Ϊ񣬾аĳӦڳ֮ϡɱã뾹Ȼû˿õļ󣬺ԣ֮ϣ޷ǰµ
Ҳûʧһâ
ݡݡ
⽣Ӱٴɱһÿһÿһ̺¡
ĵӣȻܺ;аɱزҲ΢΢̾ŲһǧˣǸаûȤһսţȻܹ;аսƾС
ĵӣȻ˿ɱȡִʱɫҲǺÿ࣬ʵԤϵĻҪǿϲ٣ȻͨƵĲ֮󣬳ʵȻڷٵ
չ¶ʵδûлʤĻᣬҾܣҲ̫Ͼǧң;аʱ̫ˡ
ȷ£ÿһޱȣڵǾаĶ֣ɲǾаȫʵߵȻ
ȷǧңȻѾ˼ھͬʵͬľавǧ֮꣬ͬУѾ˿ɵС
˵ʵѾǿеʵ̫ˣٸһЩʱ䣬ǾаҪʤҲøһЩۣڣ߲ΪܹʤΪû˱аʵǺεȵĿ¡ǿǱΪʮڿԳ龳س龳ţ
䡫
һ죬ӰҲ˾롣
룬ɱȥ¼켸ҹҲѷֳʤаŲԶĳ룬ڵ
ʲô飿ƽ
ȫ֣Сȥѷֳʤ
ȻֶͨκѷֳʤһóԼ汾аڵ
ãҲд⡣
뵭Ȼ
룬ǿһؼܼҪˡадһһޱȿµϢӿ
ؼ𣬲ֻУҲͬӵУһЦһ̣гһָ߶һɺھаϢӿš
ؼսаǰһȻҲؼȴЩԤϣҪ֪ڳ͵ʱ򣬿ɶδؼ

Ԫն
ۣƺҪһУ𵴣·ҪɱС
ؼѾؼɱ𣿡
̫ˣǺһߣ
ݼҲǿЦѣ̫ˣ;аؼĴڣǵʵʩչؼݼεߣᱻѹ
ãã
ִЦؼԤϣ֪ؼѶȣͬؼѾӵк;аһϸµʵ
û뵽СӣȻؼüͷ΢塣
ǧ꣬ȻҲһؼȷЩԤϣʱĳ룬ԶȵľаҪҫۣаʤеʱ¶δʤ롣
ȻͬؼҲв𣬾аеԪնµؼԾаʵʩչǻԪߵܺ顣һսаȻܹȡʤ
䡫䡫
µܺһ˲Ǳ
ۡۡ
ѪɽӰ˿
µؼɱ˫˭ҲûռˣС嶼ֱӱ飬аͬ򣬶Ǻ飬ҪȳһЩ
ܾûˡаԶĳ룬
Ҳһ
ϧһΣʵΪңƱأָɱĵԪҲࡣаų룬
ֻǻԪصΪаȴǻԪصΪΪв࣬ǳĹԪƾУܵҲǳ롣
ǿδءһЦħѪ֮߶ϵƾ˲ָ


505 
ţһĻа΢΢һƱأȴ˲ָƻָҪ졣
ˣаͷ
ͷո𣬾ͱˣǿƴֶΣһ࣬츳ߣǱ󣬲ΪһǴҲδ̫ˡ
ͺѰд裬㵽ɣսȴƾŸʤ츳һߣΪ˶򣬿ɶǱ߶ԣôȫ֮С
аԿ϶벻ôԼǰ;ģʤ̫󣬶ڳӰ̫ˡ
һνᣬóεţϧ۵ĻʤϾѾվһӵһ£˭Ҳ޷Ĩɱġ
ǵʲôаޱȺ棬붯õĲʲôȻܹ˲ָ
û뵽ȻƵĶħѪˡипʵϣ;а֣Ǵ·ģħѪ֮ȻܹѸٵĻָ
ˣ˫ɱȥ˭ܻʤҲδ֪ϾǲǾаȫʵҲ
ֻܶǸˡ̾Ϣ
һֱ̣Ӵ߶ħѪһϵħƣϸֻ֣˲䣬ħƣǱ鲼ȫ
ʲôȻ˿¡аɫһ䣬ųħƵĳ֣վﲻȻܵһޱļµĸо
ħƣ̤ԪҲֻǶùһΣڴռͨռ籩ʱ򣬲űȶħƵֵ̤ԪҲ˲ٵɱħƣȴǵһζá
Ϊ֮ħ¼УħƸҲǸӵǿ󣬴߶ħƣ˴

̨ϣɫ΢΢һ䣬֮ǰ֣ǾаռϷ磬ϵͻȻָһЩص·аɫǱޱ۽磬һʱ뵽
ʵ̤Ԫ߲ϾڵѪ޷յ֮£ͬǼΪǿıֶΣǿﵽԪؾԺĵزϣ͵ѪѾûʲôҪΪһЩʵ̫ˣαԪĲΣ˵ǽӽԪĲˡ
ȻҲΣСӵģΪѿѪһЩɿȡûʲôݾǶҪ߲ϵĴķĵرʱ䣬пɡжã˵Ѫ˼Ϊµĵز
ãã
ִ˿ȴһϲɫ֮ǰ;а֣ȻƾУȴףаûȫֶΣճĿܼ󡣿ڣչ¶ǿȴһ˿ϣܻʤҲһ
֣ϵ·ô£ͯŰյĻ棬С˵
Ҳ̫ҡҡͷ·ħһı־ħһϡ٣һ磬ܹϵóǹ·ģʵ̫ˣǺܶߣϲοԪߡ
ûв´ӦһǿݼҲʦ
ͬǵѪһ鶹һľ飬һˣľȴõġȻ֪ףʵϣܹ߲εģȴǼ٣ҪʱԴ̫ˡ
ѪڻָڷһﵽѪȫû㣬ֻҪ٣ǲġΪ£ͬҪһҪˣͬȥ
Ѫһǿ⻹˵壬ֻǿʱΪ£¶ˣҪ塣޿ɵֵ飬ǾֱˡɵѪָܻĸãл
һָǿĺ˵Ѫף䱣Ҳ죬ΪԪǿıֶΡΪѣʱһ㶼Ϊһֶָζѡ
û뵽㾹ȻҲ˿µĵزҲֻܶĵˡаȻһ̣һɿµϢӿаˣ·һ󵶣ÿһ̺¡
⣡
ĿһѾʮֽӽ⾳аʹ⣬Ȼ׹
ܾˣûܹұƵزһȫһսаͺһ
ս
ͺһ
ಡಡ
˲䣬ӰɱһһµĽ⵶װľ죬𵴿
߶ħƣʵ⣬аÿһ֮Уޱȡ
һֲޱȣһ޳

⽣ӰĽ𵴵ĳޱȵĿ£ܵĿռ䣬ǲ֮£ǲϲ
ݡ
ޱȵһڽ֮ϣ͸ڳϡ

һǵ·Ԫһ㣬޷˵롣
Ҫ֪֮ǰаʩչؼȫһ֮£ܺСߵ壬ڣһ֮£Ȼ޷˵롣ǿµز
ƣ
볤һһۿɼ𶯲ų
ߡаһӣǷסϮһ
һ̣ޱȿµϮ΢аҲǱķ˳ȥ
ÿµҵķжٵɽʣܣ׻ҡаľѣһ֮£ΪԵѹ޷ȫס

аһһٴɱ롣
ݡݡ
⵶⽻
ǿ̨ϵĵֺߣ˿Ҳǿľѣ˵ʵһ¶ѾӵɻͨԪصʵرǳ룬ѪǿҲ̨սɱûԸǡ
е̫ˣȻͱϼΪóǾϡ̾һ뱣̫ˣһЩ˼ĻԪ߻Ҫ¡
ڽ֮Ϻ;аһЩ࣬ˣȡʤʮɣΪĲ࣬һֻ֮кٵĲ֣ܹа
֪˭ܻʤЩڴ
һս˭ʤ˵¶ܿ촫һޱȵš
䡫
һ죬Ӱ˲䱻˿
ˣһս䡣ɫЩ԰׵ľаڵ
ˣһ˵ʵ˫ɱûռʲôϷ硣
ƨķô£Ҷ˲㣬Ĺܼǿֻȫֵõˣ㵹սʹ죬ҿɾͲˡаЦ
һ֮£Ҫ̫ĵֵΪԷѾֵܹס󲿷ֵܣɳһϮȴȫԸжȥ󲿷ֵܵȻ˫֣ûռϷ磬ʵϣаսĸ࣬ڳÿһСġ
аʱ̱۷״ֵ̬ܵ룬˵ÿʱỵ̈Ҫ۷״̬ʱڿʲôɱʱһ죬аģ¾͵ܡ
ʵϣаʵڻԪصߣܹԪصߣԳ룬ȴСĹֶβǿ¶ҲֻǺ޼ǳһڹǣ¹ȴþаСӦɱаҲǸеһ


506 ־
Ӯˣ
аˣ
սˣʱЩš
֪ڸղţǽֵˣƾУһתۣаȻ䣬ʤЩš
ӮˣӮˣͯ૵
ȷӮˡͷ
аʵѾǵĵزȻ뾹ȻܹʤԷҲǸе˼顣
ԭΪһǧ꣬ٶѾ죬ȳ룬ֱ֮
û뵽ȻӮˡݼ̾һ
;аֹ֪аǺεȵĿ£ǵѪھаǿҲͬܵвܡھ˶ԷһЩ֮£ȻȡʤҲǸе˲˼顣
û뵽Һ֮Ĳ࣬Ѿô󣬿һҲôƵĲˡݼа
ڵʵƵĲ㣬ѣֻΪʣʱ䲻࣬Բżϣʵܹڵָʱ䡣ҲΪ㣬ݼûȥƵĲ㡣
֣˼һΣŻʤˡֹһЦ
ߡɫޱѿһξаʵǱʤģû뵽ȻţǾаǿǳʵ̫ڳϣ·𿴵˵˵Ӱӡ
û뵽ʱǧ꣬žгš΢΢̾Ϣ
󳬼ʥλȻмν棬ΪǵʵѾǹϵĵһٲκź̫һ̣۵̣̫һ̻Ҫӵ񣬿ǧ꣬ȴһֱѹһͷ̫һ̲жЩʣײҲǱøӵļȻԵֺߵݵλֽᡣͺѧУѧμӱһ㶼ʦӣȴ꼶δӣɼ˫Խӡ
̫һ̣Ҳתˡ΢΢̾Ϣʵ󳬼ĵӣ̫󣬲Ŀˣȴղٵߡ
󳬼ôںϾЩСߣǶòʲôвһøǿܶҲǿʼŵĿ
ಡಡ
Ӱڸ̨ǳ;а
룬룡
·ŵ߻
Ӯˣڼ˶϶Ӯ״̬£ȡյʤҲסŵ档ΪŵĵӣȻҲǸе
룬Һڴһκ㽻֣ȻȫվҵĻ䣬Ԫޱȹڴһκа
ҲڴͷԪ磬ھһȫޱȵıݣҪ֮·ߵøԶԼͬҪߵøԶУ
ᣬŻʤĻȻŻʤҲֻǳ۷սʤ˾а֮ϣһ̫һ̻ҪǿǲݺӵģҲ˫֮Ĳࡣ
Ͼ۷żܻôһһ߶ǿͲܹ͵ˣǺŵĵйء
ʤҲһݺ񣬱ϾһγǱס棬һγչ¶ʵҲǾޱȣǱޡȻԺӴ̫࣬ҲŹ˴˹ϵĻᡣ
ν֮ݼͨƵĲϢҲ֮Դˣȴûиϵ̫⣬Եݼչ¶ʵĲ㣬ѡ
ǿʼչأһκ;а֣ĴҲǼ콣⣬ѾͻƵļ
Ϊ⾳̺ǧ
Ժ֮žļأĽĵãϾаƵ⾳콣⣬Ҳǰҿصɴ
⣬ͨν⾳ʵǽĸ֮־оâһ̣ϵϢҲǷ˷츲صı仯
콣⣬һ죬Ǿǽߵ־־ֱǰ־
콣⣬ܹĸоԼڽ֪·һı仯˵ǰһСϪ֮УǴʱڽĺ֮У콣⣬ֻǽĲ۵һ֡Ľ纣ڵĳ룬ֻǽ뵽ǽ嫵ĺ֮Укܳһ·Ҫߡ
ݡ
һƳգռ䶼ǹŤ
ȻһܾȻѾʩչ뾪̾ѡ
ڵʵں;а֣һ˵ԷаָܹռƵҲɻʤ
һ콣⣬ÿһޱȣǽ֮־Ľ⣬Ͷע֮䣬̺콣Ĳ־
Ľ⣬ҵʵɡ밵
Ҫ֪˳ΣһʵǼΪ£˵ɣڵʵһ߶ħƣնɱѰĻԪߡȻһĻԪߣ˵ѪҪɱǣǺѵġ
ڵĳ룬Ѿӵ˺ͻԪɱ
ڵʵƵ㣬ӦвСϣȥһ⡣
µʱƵ֮УһԼıܹ֮ΪĶԲ򵥣Ҳ֪ǵʲô

Ƶ㡣
СӣˣӰų룬¶ЦݣһǧߣҶԷеҲ̣ܶĶ֣Ҳʮֵڴ
ǰʱ䣬иŮϧʵ̫һЩ˼УˣСᣬ׼ֶã
һΣһܴ㡣ɫ
ŶСӣҵǺڴ㴳㣬ʵ˵һֱţҲܷӰ΢΢һЦƺЩڴ
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˲䣬Ǵ߶ħƣһɱ
ӴǣһȫԸҲˡӰٺһЦһʩչ
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Ľһ𣬿µ𵴣Ҳ˲䱻ķ˳ȥ
û뵽겻ʵȻ֮󣬾ȻвˡӰ϶һ˿֮ɫ
֮ǰĽ֣ʵȻҲȻǱӰѹƣһν֣ȴܹʵѾȵǿ˲֪١

ͺһ΢ֲϢɢ
⣬û뵽Ȼô⡣Ӱɫ࣬ʵ֮ϣѾ٣ȷдĿܡ
ȻˣǾʶһҵʵɡӰһһµĽ˲롣
ݡݡ
ռ䶼ǿµѹѹŤ壬ҲǱֱӺķ˳ȥһѪ
ʲôڵ˲ָ뾪ĿŲԶ
ؼȻǿ󣬲վһУǵҴ֮ʱαؼȻαؼѵĶõĵزй֮޲Ӱ
Դαؼ
գһ۾һŵĿӰӰҲδ̫°ˣؼǿ񾳲ΣܴģڻԪȻܴαؼ˵ؼЩ𣬿ΪʩչǸӵӦ֡Ҫ߶ħƣˡ


507 ɹ
Сӣʵ˵ʵѾǿǸʱ¶ܴ㣬ڵ㣬ΪЩ࣬ҪȥѡӰ
ʵӰҲǼΪģǰʵԣ붼ܴ㣬ֻǵ괳㣬Ӱһʱ̰棬ǽԴαؼ£һʶԽһеܷӵޡƵ㣬ѶͳԽӰʱ
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ħһ壬Ԫֻ֮󣬶ӵнԪεսħһǿߣɱĿɲǾ磬Ѫħһħս
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Ϊһȫһ̤ԪԪأʵȻӵĿ¡
Ӱһֱɱ롣
ͬһţٺ޷вһвĺ󱲣лᴳߣҲǼΪڴͨ¶񣬿ӵһʶܵļ̳˵λŵԡ
ս
߶ħƣٴɱӰ
һ˽ֵ𵴣ƵھһǰδеĴս
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ӰʵǿڳתΪħս̬֮ȴǱѹһδεıˣɵ壬ҲǱüΪ
ۡ
µһҲǿʼɢ
Сӣңʲô֡Ӱûɢ壬ų룬ʵ
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룬СӣҼסˡӰһЦסҽ
Ӱδ䣬ɵ壬Ѿǳ׵ɢȥ

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зˣİԷΨһһƵѾ۷Ĵڣֻһ̤񾳡
ȻЦû뵽Ȼ֮ǰš
֮ǰţֱڣҲֻгһ˳ɹĻ壬ͨĿ顣
һ޴Ĺ֮С
ţƵȻˡ΢΢˫ۣһ˿֮ɫ
ʢ֮һʶʹõѶȴЩȻвٵԹ㣬ȴûһܹɹ
ԪΪµţ룿
Ȼܣȴû̫⣬ԣǲʢĲȥڴܹǾ
񾳣ֻһ֪ͻȻӵɫһ䣬һ̣¶ϲɫȻ룬ҵĸǡ
һֱѰͻ񾳵ɿУȴûãڸղţԼƵܣ뵱һеʱ񾳵ƿȻȻȻͻˡ
񾳣һâһ̣һУʼͻ񾳡
ΪƵˣȻҲٵһʱ䣬ǴƵ֪˳봳Ƶ㡣
ôˣ΢΢һ
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۽磬ҹȻǲ档ЦһȻó룬ҲֻΪлˣȴǼ϶ܹ㣬ǲࡣ
СӴ㣬ǺߣɾȤˡƺ뵽ʲôһЦ
Ƶ㿪ʼͻģⴳߵʵµعߣµعߣԽԽǿߣҪȻҪǿʵ
Ȼģҵ¹һͬǵ֪һ㣬Ҳ΢΢һ
ħһħƣƵҲģ⣿Щ棬ԼϵħƣɲʲôħһѪγɵģûħһѪ޷γħơ
ȻԤϣƵ龹Ȼ޷ģϵħƣֻðճһڽΣԼħħƴ߶֮µ£޷ס顣
ǰԥһ£Ƿֳһʶ뵽֮УһܹҲڵһʱ֪
ϣŵĺ󱲣ܹܿһ΢΢һЦһǳŵڸȥ
Ľ涼˵ڴʱĳ룬Īĺôһƴһд㣬ҲΪһ
һƣ
һǰƣҲסˡ
ƵĽȻֻһͨơ
һƱУǹӵ֮ϣֻһ֣ʥ
涼֮ΪƣԲǱô򵥣


508 Ե
뵽뼱æԼ뵽֮С
ţôᡣһ̣ɫһ䣬һŵĿеơ
֮УȻûκεϢ
ƣ˱棬һʥ֣ȻҲûκϢʲôģʲô;һŲ֪
⡭һЦĽҲδ̫һЩȻȫû˵õƣҲ֪ôʹð
СӣƿдãʦԻ㡣ڴʱһڳĶ
飿һܹƵһеֻƵ飬ȻƺҲ֪Ƶ֮Żѳ롣
лǰѡмȻԼ֪ԼҲ׵ķƣԲʲô֮
㣡
Ŀ⿴Ƶڡ
Ƶ㣬Ƶһ㣬Ƶڣ˴Ҳֹڵ㡣ĿʲôΪֹҲֻһ֪ˡڣȴҪһˡ
û˿ԥ̤˵㡣
Ŀռ䣬ҪС࣬Ŀյ֮УһӰӰվǸһӴޱȵѹӰһЩת
ǰǵӰģɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
ӰǱˣ档
û뵽Źȥǧʱ䣬㾹ȻѾ㣬ԤϵҪܶࡣ浭
ңһͰڵ㡣빧
˻飬⣬޷߶ħƱ任ս̬ȻҲ޷㡣
㴳㣬Сӵ֪󣬲֪ʲô顣΢΢һЦ
ĵӣҲ֮УΪɫһ鼫޵ΪΪע̤񾳵šֻ˶֪ʱѾ񾳵ƿ̤ܿ񾳡
ǰĿ顭뿴棬ʵ
Ŀǻ浭ȻһЦڵģһΪάڻԪسڣ͵֮㣬û̫ı仯
ԣǺݺһ飬һ𣬵ķѾ޴ǿʤȻ濴ֻʵǺεȵľ磬ǽһѹڻԪسڣ¶׻ܻԪ۷ߡ
Ҫ֪ȻģʱʵʵϺʵЩ࣬ɼնûܴ㡣ʵʵʱԲڳ֮£ԴαؼֻսҪǿһЩܣɲΪԼܹȥ
ʼɣƽδ䣬һָֻһ㣬һֱ롣
ǿѰһȴһ޿ƥеĸо·һ֮£ûκζԵֵ
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ͺһħһս̬ȫ߶һ𣬿µ𵴣޾к
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ȻƾĹο£һ֮£Ȼֱӱ飬һϣʱһԴСѪ
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ָҲǿʵ̫ˡ΢΢ҡͷ
Ҫ֪еĸִ̫Ầ㡣浭˵ţһ㣬һϮ
ãһɫ͵һ䣬һ֮УȻǸܵΣȫ߶ڵԪƿսȫʩչ
ۡ
һǷٵ飬ͬɰһ⡣

˲䣬˳Ƶ
̫ǿˣȫǶ֣һ¶ֱҵ塣ʧȥСߵ壬ҲѸٵĻָţȴޱȵľ
͵㣬ȫһʵ˵ȫܹ׻ܴš
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ȻΪʱ̤񾳵ߣȳһ˶ԣڵ̫ԶˣԶһߣ浱˵û֪浽Ǻεȵһս֪츳ǺεȵĿ¡
̶̼ʱ䣬ǻָûɱȻҲûбҪѪָ֮
Ƶ㣬֮ڣܴ𣿡ŲԶƵ
صģвǧ꣬޵һ룬ĻỹܶࡣǼԼܹߵһ𣿡
ǰ
׽磬ԼϣҲֻ̤ԪصԪ磬̫űѩްˡûܹͨŵĿˣţǽţԼҲδ£ߵһ
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صؾ֪ͨ룬ټ
Դˣ뵹ûие⣬Ͼ˵ͨĿ飬һıͨ㣬ƣȴһ֪ټҲ֮С
˵Ȼ£һΣȴҲֻǳڶμһ
Ѿ֪㴳Ƶ㣬Ԥϵ˲ʱ䡣Ŀڳϣ·һжǿ͸
֪Ƶ㣬˶ã濪ڵ
գһ۾ЩĿ档
ǧꡣŵʱѾǧꡣ浭õʱ䣬̣ûʧ
ʦˣܹȡʤҲϵưˡ빧
ؼһˡ΢΢һЦ
ڵʵ㣬ǲˣһУֻ¶ס
Ц˵ĲһУס֮ԼУһлΪûһһоֱӻ
Ƶ㣬ȥĥһԣܴܲû̫ĹϵĽԣĽĺá濪ڵ
һȻ֪ĽʲôҲ˵Ƶ֮УĽԳԺܲȻƭ
ʦ𣬵ĽʲôֻһƣҲûκεϢ벻
ĽֻһƣƵʲôʲôãһŲ֪
ǿһᣬ˵һԵһôеĻԵ滺˵һ龳ĶĻԵ
Ե
һ㶣龳߶ĶĻԵѹ֮ǰ˵


509 
ʦƵʲôã벻
龳ĶĻԵڵԣȷһѵõı
֪Ϲ֮սͻȻ
Ϲ֮ս
һ㶣΢΢ͷϹ֮սŹһЩ֪ļ١
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һ˵ƣǺͽϹսЩƣڵսͬвٵĴУһЩȥǿµġ
Щ´еǿߣĶ鼫ޣӵնɱ񾳵ս񾳶ǿ߶ǲ٣ǳԽ񾳵ǿ߶浭
Ķӵ񾳵ս
뵹һ޷󣬵ʲôĴսȻܹƵ񾳵߶˴ɴЩԽ񾳵ǿߣ뵽С
һֻӴľӣ֮ΪţΪ˲ôжϾҲΪúܹ֮ϵǿ߼սЩǿ߽ԼĴߣӴĽ磬ֻӵƵߣܽС滺˵
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ԪӵеƣҲֻٿѣУϣʥ֮С
Դˣ뵹ûие̫֣ʥڵʵ̫˵ʥԪһǿߣǴϹ֮սͻĴڣռ࣬ҲǺġ
ʱ̫̣ȻŬҲֻʮƶѣлûʹõģֻѡ
Ҳ֣ƣһõ¶õϾһ֣ûʲôôֻеõУܽƵļֵӵޡ
ƵƣѾʹùһΣʮ֮ǰŴﵽǧޣ²ûʺϵĵӣԲŽƷƵ֮УҲ֮У׵õġ
΢΢ͷĴƣҲԼĵӣҲûʺϵĵӣƶƵ㡣˵Ƶ㣬ʵϣԴ㣬ôû˳ɹʵ¶öʱûܴƵ㣬οţ¶£Ҳ濪ڣȻ涼ܽƵĽ
Ȼû˵Ҳףƣֻ棬¶ô׻á
ڣӦ֪Ƶ;˰ɣ濴롣
ͷԼû뵽ƾȻ˴иӵгԽǿߵĴС
ƣֻµܹʹãͬʵӦԵĿҲܷͬõ飬ҪԼıˡϹ֮սߵ߲٣õԽ񾳴ڴеҲУȻв߽Уʲôûõ˷һδлᡣ濴˳һۣΪԽǿͨĻԽͣ龳ͨĸԶԶڻԪԳһЩ龳ߣܹɹ١
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ʦʲôʵпܻôУ벻ɵ
Ƶ㣬ȻܹõУбҲи֣֮Ƶ㣬õĴֻһ㣬ƣһݴУߵʱǻԪؼޡƽ˵
Ƶ㣿
һи֣֮Ѱ񾳴У濴ۣϾĴУλʦһĴУİĲ
֮·ΪʦܰĲ࣬ĻҪԼ浭ų룬һ㴳Ƶ㣬ΪʦҲһ
Ļ䣬Ǿ΢΢һϢͻӿ뵽Ժ֮У˶ǳ׵ĳȥ
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̤Ԫ֮󣬱ʱһΡ滺
ǡ빧֣˳޴󹬵

˳ҲǳĺһÿһμʦҶоޱȵѹ֣ʦϢҶоԼ·𶼱ѹš
ǵȻʦľ磬ѾӽȻԣһȻ쵭
΢΢ͷԪȻҪͶ̺֮֮ζɺֵȻ״̬Ȼ֮״̬ǳܹġ
죬꣬˵һĴڣʵ
Ȼ˵һɢޣЩжڴУȻʵȴûнƵĵط쵭
콣׷£ʶ֮£ΪһɢޣһЩأû֪Ķࡣ
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̤񾳣Խ񾳣ʸӴһսࡣ
𣿡
оâһһ̣˫΢΢һգ񾳣ǲԪ۷Ĵڣ
СӣɳٶȻǿ£лΪ˱Ҳδ֪찵


510 һ
ĺܳһʱ䣬벻ĥǲŻؼһתۣʮʱȥ
ʱһ˵Ϣ봳Ƶ㡣
Ϣһܶ߶ʾɣҪ֪Ƶ꣬ƵĲģûһҲаǧƵģҲֻһ˰ˡ
˵֮ǰĽ֮չ¶˼ǿʵҲΪܴƵ㣬ǿǽŶ֮Ŀ¿顣
һʼɵ߲ϢرǵϢǴݼд֮˵Ļ˼Ҳǵ࣬ȴǾڳĿ츳
вǧ꣬㴳Ƶ㣬ѲɣпܴƵ㲻ɣ
洴ƵѾȥ꣬ȴһܹ㣬ѵħһڳдƣ
֣˵ĴƵ𣿡֪ͯϢЩĿ㡣
ӦģݼΪ˸߰мѣ¼ȻǴдٵĿԺСƽ
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ͯһʱΪƵڶŬɳ룬ȴѾǴ˵㣬ʷ֮ϣڶƵߡ
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㣬Ǻεȵѣ󣬿ɳȴǳɹĴˡ
һ㣬ֻԼ֪ɡ΢΢̾Ϣ
Ȼڳ㣬ܷ֮񴳹˵ͯ޼ڶϣѾãˡ
ɶǸСӣȻ˵㣿֪ܵϢԭѾȹ̲ٵĵģȻбļ
ģ̫ܵӰˡһԵ΢΢ҡͷ
ڸĥһǧ꣬ǿԼĵȹʱȻвȵļ֪ˣͲܳ
ʦ𣬵֪һǿѹͷŭܳ
ŵȹ̣ҲͬൽԼĵĳ⣬֮ǰǰħɷֹ鷢֣Ѿ⣬ǲܼʱȹָ̻ʵ̫ˡ
ӴȥĥǧꡣͻȻ
ĥǧꣿˣһ㶣ڵ
Ѿãٶʵ̫죬̫ܵӰ죬ǵĲܳ׵ȹҳµҲһЩصΣգĥһʱ䣬ĳ׵ȹܿڵ
ȻѾΪʦڶ˵ʲôҪףվȻܹĥµģĻԼġ߳Ƭ̺󣬲ǻ
ǡܵͷ˳ȥ

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ŻؼʮʱȴǺ޽ţǰ֮ǰĲ򷽷Ҳ޷Żؼз
ͬؼҲǿ֣֮һЩСؼܵ񾳣ûʲô̫ãһЩǿؼǵ۷壬ž޴밵
ԣŻؼһżΪǿؼܻδﵽ۷ǸΣɾǶ񾳵ߣҲмİȻޱȵѡ
ҵΪ̫ˣվŻؼļأԪߣɹģԪأֻǿܳɹڻԪأŸסһâ
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ȻвٵԴΪ˻ԪأѾʮֵĻ̤Ԫأ˳һǧʱ䡣
̤ԪأҲܹĸоı仯ǳյľҲǿޱȡ
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ѹ֣ţʱ䣬Ҳ̤Ԫأǲ̤Ԫأǲ̤Ԫء۲̤ԪأҲֻǿһΪʵʵ¶Ǹȹ̵ĻԪߡ
̤ԪأҵʵûбҪ׷ΪһĻԪ߶вңǿԼŻؼ
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ֻǿϧ벢ĵӣϵһеıȻǲܴи
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һǿߣŵĵ̣ЩǿߣȻŲٵߣֻ˼ɵĵ̣ܴڵĸá
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ȻǲͨʹʵϣҲҪ뿪뿪֮ǰҲ˵Լۻᡣ
ǧʱȥʱ̵ģ޶ѾߣȻ޵˻ûдﵽʸ
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ֹҲûгݻһԵЦ
Ȼ֮ǰ˾־ʵϣΪͬһͨ˵ߣ˴˵ĹϵǱȽ׽ġ
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λǣĿһԵĻԪϣԷϢȻȻܹоԷΪѾǳԽ˻ԪΣһףԷݣѾһЩ²⡣
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ⳡһʱ䣬ɢȥͨݸҲǷ׷˺ʮԪֵıԪֵıﲻǸǧƷԪ
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ˣҺκεĶԹҲһʹκɢѾħÿ˵ǿߡ뵭
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513 쿼
ΪʹʵҪ񣬲࣬ݸȻȨܴ󣬵ʵڳԣҲǻһطˡ
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ڳԤ֮лǳˣ֪߶ҪʧޱȣϾܶûϣͨԤߣǰͨݱܴһԭΪ룬Ҫһóķɡ
ϵܳϯһεſˣһʮּʱ˵ֻмصű¶һЦ
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һεǳ˲ٵš΢΢ͷʮʱ䣬ҲŹһЩμӿߵ顣

Ԥ졣
һεĿˣһͨߣѾǧˣϣһθࡣ
ǧˣһ̭Ҫˣ̭ǧˣޱȲпᡣ
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ҲҸոճμʹһЩʱ䣬͵ˡ뵭Ȼ
ʱţĴڣκζʱĳ֮УòôҪ˵룬񾳵ǿߣж֪ǵĴڣǸʱһޱȵš

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нǻԪڵΪĿǰʮݸϢпܳΪһο˵ĹھЦŽܵ
Ҳ˵ˣ˵һɢޣڴ֮УõһݴӴһɳ죬ڣвǧ꣬ȷͷ
Ϊʱ̣ܶ츳ǱҲǲ˽һβμӿ˵֮ʱҲؽܹ
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ĳɳʷһ棬ǧ꣬ŵĿжùھ£һ·޲ҫޱȡ
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߶սͨ˵İˣǰŲμӾΪʹǱϯģȻҲǸһ
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ǰĽԷϣ·ӰӣҲǵõ󽣵䣬ߵ죬ֻûнˣ̫ŷ֣䣬ǻԵɺϣ괩ʱո˳ϣѾ䡣
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ҹ֮ǰԤ֮еı֣õĻԵӦƫĻԵ뵭
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ȥɣƵԵĶܷ࣬õͿԼıˡ뵭Į
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ʱǧٻصţٴλصؾĥ£Ҳžʱ˾˾ۣڱչأݼڡ
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ΪҲرݼڻԪؾǲȥˡҡҡͷݼ뿪ʱҲһ˾ۣΪʲôǰݼûҲر
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Ȼ츳ǱڳԣҲǲѣʵϣһڶԣҪһЩ
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Ǻã֪ͨͳ죬ʱһЦ
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ͷһʦĺôܹߣԼϵָ㣬ҲǼΪҪһԼĵϣǱȽϰȫġ
һ·Уһʱ䣬ǸϵżڵԴɽԴɽӰޱȣһۿȥһƬ֮ɫ
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ͳ޷ǰſ˽뿪򡣡ʿԪЦ
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ԪԪȻų޾Ҳֻǽ޾ʵϣܻʮģδŹ˵ǻԪ龳񾳣Ԫ޾ֻǱԪĸѡʿԪƽ˵
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ԪԪ޾һǰģǾĵģǾסµʴֻҪʼȹһʱµӰ죬ȷһֱȥʵϣ񾳵ߣ޷ֵʱŵʴԪ߸ӲܡһЩļᶨ֮ҲֻǱ߶Щ°ˡԪ
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޾̺󱦲أܶ߶Ը⵽޾մ޾մ꣬˵ʵͳɾ͡


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һԵҲ΢΢ͷ˵ʵһε֮УҲǱȽǿģǰߣԼҲˡѰʱڣҲǼкΪĴڣ߶ǰύ
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һĻһԵ˶΢΢ɫ䣬ǰ󲻹ʱ䣬ȻѾݳҲδ̫˰ɡ

˸пѵʱһɫ⻪˲ֳ룬һ̣Ѿԭʧ
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ݽǱͲųߣϾ󽣵䣬ǺųںֽԴĹʱгһڣǿܹõıﶼޡ


517 һ

ֱһԼ֣һ̣ѾǳһԶһ߿˹

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һ츳׿ߣûбҪФԾҲԸ
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һֱ̣Ӵ߶ħƣתս̬Żؼȫʩչ͵ش̳µѹܵĿռ䶼͵һ
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˵һЩţڻԪ۷նɱ龳ߣû뵽վǱҼһФԾ𺳣ҲǻĴڣʱ䣬ȳʿԪҪãͬţȴҲǵһμ
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һ̣һ첨ֳ룬ֱʧ
ȻΪͬѶҲͬʧĳ룬ФԾһЦ
飬ԪҲʲôܣһЩðյߣϾЩѾߣѡ󱲴еʱҲѡһЩ츳׿֮ǵĿʵûЩԪʲôˡ
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һĿ΢΢һܣȻǼΪĵرǳʯ洦ɼЩǳʯǱճļҾߣֱӱҡһЩαԪǵǣһǳʯڣ˼ҩ
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뵹һԭΪԼǧƷԪĲƸѾʮ˲ãǺЩ˲֪õ龳ȣֱֵһᣬڵڼıֵǧƷԪ֪ڣһоŴ
׳գЩǻ㻹뽫Щڳ㽫ЩʱԺ
󣿡
һǰһоȻǻ󣬿Ȼû˿ĲҪ֪ľ粢ȵͣѰĻԪߣ綼ļͣɾ֮УȻû˿Ĳ
Щ⣬ӦһΪԪѪԪϣҶñӰ졣
Ҫ֪ѪԪԪ֮УҲ۷ĴڣһѪԪֵѰļƷԪΪ֮ͺޱϣһ龳۷ߣӵһѪԪ
Ԫһһ̣ԺʿԪ˵Ļ

޾յõһܿ£Ѱ龳ߣնɱȻµĻ󣬼пܾġ
Ҫ߳󣿡æ
ҾͲ֪ˣܿǻȴ֪ôƽ⡣쵭
ֻ飬ȻӰ죬֪ǻȴ޷ָ߳
֮ǰĿȻıȥûΪѺ󱲵˼Ծ޷ͨʧܵʱҲᱻͳȥƽ˵
ԣ벻ɿЦһȵʧֱӱͳȥɲòߵֱڻ֮ʧܣҲδ̫ˡҪ֪⻹ֻ龵ߵżѾ޲ߣԺ󴳵Ԫ磬ΣգɱһżĶࡣ
뵽뿪ʼ۲ǰĻޱʵȻѾǴﵽԽǻĵزû˿Ĳ
ͬʱγڣڶߣҲǷ׷˾޴鷳
ǻ磬ǻ棬ڵʲôطɫ΢䣬ǰĻ磬еһɾ޴ѹڵԪҲǷٵš
ǲܾҵڣܿסǿֲĻ棬Ҳʧܡ
磬ÿµĺ⣬Ѱߣ˲䶼ᱻɣ
һڵ飬һߵɫҲޱѿ
֮磿
ˮ֮磿
ÿһڣҲǲͬÿһ飬ޱȵѡ

κλ󣬲ʵǼٵģ
ֻҪҵĵ㹻ͣӰ죬ɿһУһۿ
˶ǴһּΪ״̬ΪģһĲɢһ̣ܵһУۿɼٶ

ͻȻ˫ۣоâһܵһУ˲ɢ
һ飬㡣
ڸղţȻ̤һľ磬ͻ龳״̬Ҳȫײ룬һ˳Ҫڴ˽룬ѡ龳ߣֻҪһۣɿһ
һľ磬ҶԣЩңԶһܹͻ龳Ҳ벢û̫⣬ڵֻǻԪؼ޵Ϊ龳вٵ·Ҫߡ

һ̣һ첨ǽ˳ȥ
Զһɿµѹɢɫ⻪תֱֲӵĸо
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Ŀ⿴ȥֻԶĴģһƴСڰ֮У޾ѹɢתŵɫ⻪תһ⻪ųķ
ŵɫ⻪Ÿڣѵÿһ⻪Ӧһڣһâ
ǡҲע⵽æ룬ϧһУҲҪõһҪõ
ʲô𣿡һ׷ʵ
ô࣬õ˵켱æ

Ҫ֣ԶһӰͻȻ֡


518 

ӰĿ⿴϶һ˿ϲɫˣΪıһһΪԪնɱ龳ߣǵõʵȻ
ȻһӰûķһԪصߣûʸ
ಡ
䣬˲䣬Ӱһ˲˰յ
ɡ
ʮɡ
ʮɡ
ۼҪ֣ͻȻһӰҲ˲ʧ
ţӰɫһ䣬дŭԪأҲ
δ䣬ӰһһµܳǶӰȥ
䡫
һµľ죬ޱȿֲ𵴣ӰҪɫȴͻȻһ䣬ֻԶԭӦñһƺɱĻԪߣȻվս
Ȼû
Ӱһ㶣ԼȫһܣѰĻԪߣնɱȻûκǰԪصߣ
Ԫޡͫһֻǽ˲䣬жϳ˵ʵż龳߲٣ܹģȻ龳µߣȻЩ龳ߣĿ黹Ҫѡ
֮ͬǰԵĻ֮£龳ߣһ۾ܿƣʵϣ龳ԵĻþȻҪӿ£Ҳڵڶû龳ߵ
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ڴʱżһҵĻζԭȹ̵ĴͻȻʼŸڣҲǻǰ
ȡߣżŸڵĽֹҲ֮ʧ
ಡಡ
˲䣬˱˴֮С
룿
ǴеӰ˶΢΢һ㶣رǼ룬жЩʧϾΪ˱룬ɲǡ
ǺͳŵߣƺûмĿڲԶӰϣԲִԴɽߣӦǽż֮󣬸ߣҲƺʶ룬򲻿ܺͳϡ
ɶ񡭡
Ӱɫޱѿô龳ߵõҲ޷ȫĴߡ
ȻҵòҲõӰɫһЦ
λżıڴСӰڵ
˻һ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ĽּʣɾȻû˳ᣬһĻӰҲЩɵˡ
ܹնɱ龳ıѰ龳ߣҲĶɣڳ龳ߺôҲʮˣȻûһ֣
ãɻûЩ龳߲ϧһд۵ĵزһţʵ̫ˣУ龳ҲһڳУ̾˼õһţʵڲǣɱ˳룬Ǽֱ
Ȼֶ龳дôıҲ᲻ϧᣬȻûǸز
ϣҿġӰ״æ
СӣӦòߣλͨݵļʹһ߷˷ۡ
ʹӰһ㶣Щ˼Ŀų룬ȻߣɶŻʮ˽ģʹǿһ֮Уλߵ֮һΪµǣʹһ㶼ųϴڡ

û˿ԥӰ˺ѿռ䣬ˡ
ҲֱӽõϢѾǽ´𣬶Էĵλʵǲףֱ
һﵹǾߵӣ벢ûг֣ߵӣиӺ棬Ϊϧ
ϵܣϲ
˶΢Ц֡
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ˣôãҲ˰ģ࿼飬֮һȥ֮硣һ龳߿Ц
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֮硣
ˮ֮硣
һ˷׷׿ڣȴǷ֣Ǿ磬ȻͬŸڣžŸͬĿ顣
Ҽǵŵɫ⻪ĪǾŸͬ磬Ǿŵ⻪йأ΢΢һ֪ѰżΣտ飬ϲ̫𣬿ɾŸ磬;ȫͬĵ˲صߣôֵܽΡ
򵥣һ⡣
λżıȻϵܵõżвһû̽˵ıءһ龳Ц
Ҳǡ
ȻıûǵķݣҲֶܿɡ
һߣʱٴȤ˺ôҲصߣµԴƸ϶٣ܹõһЩҲһΡ
λıҾͲˡ뿪ڵ
˻Ҳ΢΢˵ͷһǰߣвٶ龳εģڲ࣬Ȼǲ˵ЩʲôжЩ
񿪿ڲڲᣬҲǻһ顣
ʣµżûǾŸǰĿ飬ֻһЩȽͨĽƣ˱ϾֻɢޣȻΪأľһıࡣͻԪһ֮̽һҲΪ˵ģ˿ӳϵϾ֮ǰڳ߲٣кܶ඼µȻĿŵĶԳ֣һֿѱ߲ᰵɱ֡
һ·̽ʵں콻
죬ʲô벻ɿڵ֮ǰϧ۵õֻһԪ޵ͨ飬Ҫ龳߲У޷
ûӦһΪıȿǷоŶ仨꣬Ƿһɫӣæ
ͱڽָУ£΢̽ǵͷȷоŶ仨꣬һɫӡ
Ȼûпǻ쿪ڵ
ʲôһЩɻ
Ҳ˲ٵĹżһĵر֪ȴǵһ˵
㲻֪Ҳ޾֮Уڴ֮У˵һССĻԪߣߣܶ඼ʶ쵭
콣洳޾գ֪ٴ磬챦ļʶһ߶Ȳϡ
ʲôã벻ɵ
ı˵ʲôã쵭
ɫһ䣬һ
ֻ֪ܿԼԣԵҲֻͻƻԪʱ٣ϴܹ֮ڻԪǰҲ޵ġҪѰҲǰָ죬һЩ·ˡֱܹӰıǺεȵ³û˵ɾһᣬȱǺεȵļֵ񾳵ߣ᲻ϧᡣ
԰Ԫôƺ뵽ʲôæ
ҲϣԼƣһԪȱԪֱǱЩܻȻǽƳԪЩ
Ҳһ£ǳʯԪĲϣƳɲ˵߸þߣûԪ߿¶һղѡ
ⶫƳԪ𣿡뿴ŽָеЦ


519 Ϯ
һı֮󣬶ʧȥԭЧƳԪ֮󣬻ǷӵЧﻹһ׶ûС
ҪлǸ׳գʶƵַҲõңֻǽľƬƣӶûȫƺãֻܽɱУϸ˵㲻Ԫ쵭
Ԫ
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ԪնɱѰ龳ߣҲδ̫ˡҪƳԪһ˲Ԫ¶ǼƷԪεļˡ
Ȼ⻹ûĳ죬ܣնɱ˾صߣޱɡ쿪ڵ
û죿գһ۾
ĻƬ־ֲͬɫʣǽɫĵܱ鼰
ǳĻ񾳵ߣҲԸķѾ޴۵õֻΣ컹ԶȻûг죬µ߶ԣͻЧû̫ΪڵĲ̫ˣһֻ϶ԣʨӺʹжȻ쵭
ԣһЦҲ֪˵ĲβͬЧҲо޴ĲȻûĳ죬ɼˣԣһΪѵõڻУʵܵõǿܶնɱ˾صĴڡ
Ϊ˵õһغǧ꣬ϧһλ񾳵ǿߴսһŵõû뵽СӣǻԵɺż̽Ȼܵõȱ̾
Եֶ߰ҲǼģܶߣΪõԵŬܳɳˣ꣬ҲΪ֮̾
ٺһЦԼҲû뵽Ӧ룬żĥһȻõı˵񾳵ûô񾳵ǿ߲ĶԼûãµҲرˡ
˽ֻصߣӴ񾳵ߣûжǿɱľûбϳֻ龳ҲǱһ汦Ϣ񾳵߲֣Ҳֵõȱ
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Ҫʹã뿪ʵ
ʵòˡ쵭
òˣһҲԣ׾նɱ龳汦ܶӣµõˡ
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ͷڵҲһˣ񵱳׽磬ǵõǳʯСԼʵ㹻ǳʯԪǵһλʦ𣬵õǳʯͿֱʦơ
һ·̽ȥͻԪҲջ٣ȻֻصɢޣɱϾǻıȥǿߣĻۣһ龳߻Ҫ١˼ӽǧƷԪı
ǰ̽ߣһЩջ񣬱Ͼ飬óԶʳŭ
ϵܣǷݡͻԪ󣬻Ǿһ棬ϾƷԪҲϣȻ֮ǰõǿ˼Լı£ʱеĿɲ龳ߡгʿԪصǿߴڣûȳһõ
ˣѾõ汦ֵǧƷԪˡ΢΢Ц
ֹǧߵҪжֻЩԪӽ޵ߣޱȵǸȫۣܹȹ̣ߵøԶǶԸ⸶
ȻˣҲǿ󡣡Ҳٶ˵ƷԪıʱǶȱȻҲûбҪ̫⡣
ˣϵܣʲô㣿һԵĻԪڵ
ԭҴһżҾֱ뿪ˡ
ϵܣҽ㻹Ȼݳǣٰ뿪ԣɫ֣ص
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һ㶣˲˼һ֪߲һѱһЩǿ߿ӣϾôҲܹնɱ龳汦
ͨµݸһߣͨݶɱο뻹Ǽʹ󡣿˵ֻҪݳǣЩҪᣬûǸӣʱ򲻹ܳǰ뿪뿪ֱ뿪ӰȫһЩ
лѡҲǾһ亹ʵҲʧȥη֮ģˣнףʵ磬ʵ㣬رĵΣ
£Ŵ״ӣȻ״ӣ·ȥǲСĽĻη壬һ̣Ϳ㲻ʧȥҲ׷ڲѡ
ϵ㻹ᣬȾһЩΣգȻͻСġԪЦ
ЩߣҲѪ֮гɳģ˵һʼܽ濼ǽȥĴˣȻͻСģЩģѾȥˡ

һ·Уͨݶȥ
ɶ룬СģȻֱӻصͨݡ뿪Դɽһ߿һĻɫʱ
ҵʵҪǿᣬڣûᡣɫߵô꣬ҶˣҲٵһЩʱ䣬ʱס룬˵ĳ汦ɾҵˣ
뵽һʧ

һ·صͨݣһֱڸ֮ۡУһתۣѾȥ
һ죬һģͨߣͨ뿪һ·У˺ѿռ·Ŷȥ
ͨ£б任ģϢӦòʲôˡһ·Ŷȥа
µأھ˵ǱչأϾ¶ݣĿܲǱչأ˵ļ꣬ź֮ͨһ߿¶ʧȥȤϾԳʵֻ»Ԫ߶նɱˡ
ಡ
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ڴʱΧĿռͻȻһ
ãܵܵ䣬ɫҲ͵һ䣬һ̣ڵλãһµ
ȻܿˡͬʱһӰ˳ԭڵλá
ǺˣͻȻֵĻߣɫһԷǹɿµϢȻڻԪȻǰĻߣѾ龳ǿߡ
Ǻ㲻Ҫ֪Զˡ

ɫһ䣬ԷȻΪѵ֪ܣ¶Էֻǽһ汦
ô֪ϣ
룬⼸һֱ㣬ϣЦϷǻԪʱ򣬱Ҽһ棬ޱȣȱɲӵеģٽƤ֮ࡣ
Ȼɱ룬ɽûģ룬ټԪҪҵɲסС£Ҳͷ


520 ȥ
֮Ըҳ֣ԼѾ龳Ϊ׾³룬ǳȣȵŵ߸ϵѾ뿪ˡ
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һ𣬻ֱӻӶԪӭϡ
䡫
µĹײֻһɺ嫵ǿµ֮£Ҳֱӱɰ
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ⱩǣԲǵ֮£޿ɱܡ
ֱѹ㣬εֵЦ
ִΧĹһУ̾ͻҡ˲˻ߵͼҿɲֶֹΣ
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һ̣ռ䶼ֱӱ˺ѣ֮Уɢһޱȿµܡ
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ߵɫȴͻȻһ䡣
һ֮£Ȼǽһ󲿷ֵֵܵµܣܶԳʲô˺
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߶ħƣʩչŻؼʵﵽԪޣǻȫ֣Ҳֻѹס룬ڶʱڻܡ
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һ룬Իãһǿߣ͸óˣʱϵԽãǿԽ࣬߶߲
һӣֱ˺ѿռ䡣
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ң㻹û¡Цڳ֮ϣһɵסһתʧǿռѷ֮С
ߵʵ¶ԪҲ̫ˡ΢΢ҡͷ߶ħʩչؼѾ龳ΣǾ̫ǿܱˡ

Զһռ䲨ɢһ̣һϤӰӳ֮С
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ϵܣû°ɣʿԪǽսɿڵ
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ϵܴţ˵Ҫǰţ·Ϯ֪ͨͨݵһ·ϵݸҸӦɱ͸˹ʿԪЦŵ
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΢΢ͷʿԪһлǳʿԪʱǻҲߡ
ϵܹȻԪؾȻܹ龳ɱôáʿԪһп
Ҫ֪Ѱһߣ׻˻Ԫصߣ˵ĻԪߣ֮䶼նɱ
ˣҲֻǿֵǸʱҿºܿͻܡЦ
Ȼ߶ħʩչؼȻͻŲСĲ࣬ʱڻֵܵһʱ䳤ˣȻܡ
ΪܹһѾ˲ˡʿԪڵ
ѰԪص龳ûʲôܹ֮һֵʿԪѾǴԤˡ
ϵܣѾ¶Ȱ㻹ֱ˺ѿռ·ɣִܿܵšʿԪ
ͷ֮ѡУдռ䣬Ϊ٣Ѿ¶ȻûȥıҪֱӴռ䣬ҪһЩҲôױ˷
¸ǡ빰֣˺ѿռ䣬ʧ
ȥĳ룬ʿԪҲ΢΢̾ڻԪرʵһ̤Ԫأ¶ƥ龳ߡţĳɾͲ
֪ܹ̤龳ʿԪЩڴܹһʱҲһ£֤һŵҲꡣ
һ·ռ䣬ܿǵִţһ·֮ϣȴûܵϮţҲǳ׵İȫ
϶ѾСˣȻǱǻ͵ϮԺ󻹵øСĲǡ밵һε飬ҲǸһѣʵԶѰĻԪߣǻߵʱ򣬿¶Ѿܱˡ
صؾ֪ͨ档Ѱŵ涼һټ״ӣܿͨ
ǧ꣬ĪǴǰˣ濴룬
ǡҡͷʦ𣬵Ӵ˴Ϊõһʦæ

ԣЩΪ⣬ϾΣڳеıֵһᡣ
ǡó뽫ȡɫҲ΢΢ݣȻڻҲʮ
ϧϧﰡֻ΢Ƭ̣Щϧ
˱̣΢΢ҡͷ


521 ټ
ȫ죬񾳵ߣԸⲻϧۻãɾˣõߣ١ԽĵرԽϡ٣ͻȻһȴûг״̬¾ͱժȡԪҲһϧ
Ѿ֪ãʱĸпҲһͬǵժȡǼֵ֪Ҫٱ
εģϾǻĴڣܿǻعĿ⿴
ǽԼνżõ˵˳
û뵽һصߣȻȱõҲĻԵпһ
һλ΢мʶǿ߼¶ϳ˵ʵǿһЩż̽¶ֲ룬ֻԵյķǳֻǻԪΪĳ롣
Ѿ֪û´ӦѪԪİɣ浭
ǡһȴû뵽ͿеѪԪҪ֪ѪԪѰԪûʲôֻ̫Ǹߣܹӳܰˡ
ѪԪȻϷǲģҲܿҲصģһ龳ߣ޷ϳοѪԪҪһѪԪἫƷԪ浭
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Ȼʵնɱһͷ龳ޣȴһ׶ûУǿ龳ް
ԪصߣܹնɱһߣˣԪնɱ龳죡
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ѹ˵ǧһܹ򴫳еģָֻǼӵĿ飬ѣŵӺ״ӵĿ飬ҪεȵʵпЦ
ȻˣΣҪһԣ˳һЩһâϱһǿս
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533 
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΢΢ͷǰ˲ǳԽ񾳵ǿôҵõĴֻ񾳡
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һ飬Ҳ̫ˣŵӿԵõĴУУ¶κһ߷ˣολâɵµı


534 ʵ
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˴󣬳ȻϣøõĴУҲо޴İ
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֮ǰǽޣʵҲһصӣɱ붼ȫǶ֣Ҫαؼ¶ѾˣصޣһֱӺ壬αؼܷ˵ǵȲεޣһ
츳Ǳе̫ˣΪҲֻǻԪؼޣ͵ڰ˲Ĳ̫󡣡Ӱ˳һۣ˵
ȷеʵ̫ˣڣһǧ꣬ڻԪ߶ԪԣֻǸճˡ
̤Ԫأ꣬һϣ̤Ԫأڰ˲ѶҲ֮Ӱҡͷ
ʵԽǿѶԽԵģڵ̲ĴԣΪЩѶȾͨϣʹ󡣿ǶЩǿĴԣǵ̤Ԫأ꣬ʵʹﵽһΪµĵزͬһĻԪͳĻԪһͬǣǳȻǸǿڱȽСʱ򣬲෴ô
磬ԪǲߣΪֻǻԪأûлԪصߣǵ̲¼̤ԪأѶԣ·硣
Ϊߣ򣬳븶˾޴ŬֻһݼӵĴУȻ㡣
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֪ߴ꣬ĽŲ֪٣ܹõ˼ӴеģҲʮˣŵֻһˣ״ӣڶûгֹӰų˵
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һҪ֪ߴϹʱʹȥߵߣ֪٣½ߣҲǵõ򴫳еģûһҲаǧɵõâɵŵӴеģȻֻһˣ
ҪΪŵӣʵҲûа취Ƚ˼ӵĴУֻҪ뿪ߵڣ㶼Լڰ˲㣬뿪ǰͨȻΪ˵ŵӡӰ
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Ҽ˳磬סǽߣһߡӰ롣
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ԣһ첨Ϯһ̣֣棬ڳԺ֣֮ԳľӴϢҲסƬ̡һյĹѹ
ӵĴУѾõߵʲôΣͿԼˡӰĮ˵ԭЩѪԪӦòҪˡ
ЦûѪԪ֮еѪԪҲһݴԵϧѾӵ콣Ȼ޷ѪԪ
ӰѾȥֻҪ뿪ڣͻᴫ뿪âɵĹ
ҽߣѾȥٶ꣬ҵʱ䣬ֻʣ߰ٶ꣬߰ٶʱʵһʵ¸ܴڰ˲㡣밵
Ӱԣڰ˲ޣʵѾزΣڵʵûлͨҪֻͨʵһʵı仯пܡ
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̱μסϾڰ˲֮Уӵ깥ֶΣ˲ͻܡ걻˵һλã
ǳСʱͲĴҲִ֮оߵģΨһ̤֮εĴȽȫ棬ڸ涼̫ͻҲѾһƿҪѡ

ħһ̺ĴħһĳɳľҲøӸյĻܵͣвСΧ
֮棬ҪģϵսǸܿǶ²ԣʱޣԵļƻڶʱԼһ٣ܹԵڰ˲Ŀ׼
棬ս򣬿ֶζԸԪ߻У龳߶ԣȴЩˡ΢΢ҡͷ棬ľ绹̫ˣâɵ˵ĴУԼ˵ĵøҲ
ؼ棬ؼûʲôĿܣֻʣ¹ԪھС밵
ؼϣܹޣŻؼڶҪԪ޲пɹڵΪ٣ɹĿܺСԴαؼȻܺǿҪڶ㣬ҲҪ̤ԪزβϣΨһܹĵطҲֻʣ¹ԪھС


535 
һӣƺܹĵط٣ʵϣԪھУҪѣϾ򽣾ֻǵڰУǧʱ䣬ĸ򣬾ǧ꣬Ҳδܹ̫
Ȼʱ仹̫ˡЦ
ڵľ磬ܳʱ佫ԼΪѹڻԪؼޣûʲôôκһ棬ޱȵѡ
Ȼʱݣ뻹Ǵ㳢һ
ЩһֱħǰڸԼ꣬Ҳ֮ǿԵʡѰĻԪߣֻǽ޵֮£ˡ
һЩ깥ֶΣֻдﵽ龳ԪεߣΪҪģԼǿȡ㹻ǿŲɱϵѪһ龳ߣնɱ롣
һżΪµĹǰİСϾ漰꣬ǹҲǼΪСģȻ˵ɾ͵òʧˡŵûĸõѪľΪҪǣҲǸӵɡ
ųҲڲϵıǿǿ꣬ûʲôķֶΣҲԶѰߡ
ҪľǣԼǿԵֵסڰ˲޿ܷ깥עһĹ̡

Ԫš
һΰĹ֮УһϮµļš
˵Ѿߣڵ
΢΢ͷߵƶǴõģߣȻ
СӽѾ꣬ҵĹƣӦѾõˡЦŵ
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ԼĹأֻµߣܽУˣҲ޷С
ʥأǿɶǳԽ񾳵ǿߣµĴСп
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򣿡ЦһԪĵվ̫ˣʥҲǼ٣õеҲֻһ˰ˣǼӵĴС
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Ϲ֮սԪʧļ֮һΪһƬĴ֮һߵ
Ϲ֮սȻǿߣʧСҲԪһս֮ʧȽϴĴ磬ҲΪһսľ޴ʧǵڣԪ綼δ׵Ļָ
ԣʱЦѣϹһս̫ңԪڵ򣬼ÿһ綼ʧС治˵ЩʲôϾһսǹϵԪԪǰƴһսܱԪ硣󱲶ûʲôʸ̸۵ǰ
˵ʦһ鴫ƣӦǸǸյĵӰɣ
΢΢ͷЦŵݼȻͳȻһЩ࣬ʵ㲻ôеĻܴʦģȻҪΪıһ
ԣв˷ۣҲǼߣ¶òһ鴫ơҪ֪ţûʹùĴƣҲֻ飬һͱȥʣµ飬һѾˣֻԷʵﵽҪ󣬾ͻǰߡһ飬ڼС
棬ǿ֮ΪϵĴ֮һȻʵǿΪ̫ˣҲɲ⣬Ǵƣλб֮ࡣ֪洳޾գҲֻǵõһưˡеĴȻ٣µڶ࣬ŵǵƸá
һöƣһĻԵ񾳵òҲˡ
ҲǼ⣬ܴӼƣǼݣ涼þؼ֣λڣָ档ǰˡ
ǵӴʲôʱߣЦŵ
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СѾͷǧ֮ǰո̤ϴ֮·Ĺ֮һЦŵ
ԭˣ
ԣԵͷҲǼݼģȻ츳ǱȷüˣϾȻ̣ҲΪ˵Ƿ̫顣ԭȴݼĹ֮һ֪֮һǴ֮ǰݼȻ򣬿ɲֻ˵й֮һΣĹ̤֮ԪȻӴռݼȻִ
ϲʦһõӡһп
ԣһЦ⣬ȻǶݼӼΪ⡣

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֮ǰǿ˲٣Ҳչأı仯૵
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·ܻԵʲôԵܵõģԣڽ֮ǰԼܷ򶼲ʲôϣǽ򣬳Ҳûյõâɵ˵ĴУΪâɵ˵ĴУʺǼ֮ǿһΪӣҲֻǲģŻʱ䣬ҪŬһԣջԵɺͨڰ˲㣬ŵӴС
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540 عԪ
֪ΪħҴ磬ܹߵߣһ֮У츳ܹ֮Ǿȵţʵ̫ˡɿӵһȴ˸еľ
һɣڻԪأͨĴп顣ӳ
Ԫͨ򴫳п飬ⲻ̫ܰɣ½ʲŵ
ħҴߣһ㶼ǻԪؽߣȥڻԪصߣ򡣵ȻҲ˵Ԫصûгɹ򴫳еģǣţʵ̫ˣħҴʷϣҲǼٵġ
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ˣҲδؾ͵õ򴫳С½ߵһаڳУжЩңǳڻԪؾ͵õ򴫳УȻӲԸ
ΣԷ츳ʵܾˣһʼ̬ɷŵĺܵͣûбҪԹӵ
һԵļ˶ǵ˵ͷ޾̫ħҴ磬ҲܹߵʮǱȽǿģ޾գȻһСĴ硣ûбҪ˭ҲԸǿС

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ҿɱǧ꣬͵õУʵˡ΢΢һЦâɵ˵ĴУйȻ޷ݼ
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ЩϢҲͨߵ֪
ǽߵһЩ֪ݼͬʱʶٵˣԼ뿪֮շһݼϾϾҪ뿪ݼͬţһߣħҴ飬߳棬Ҳڱ衣
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޸ռͨΪʦȻֻǽ׽߽ӳԼЦŵ
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һ·ӣѰĿռ֮޷Գ˿˺ǿռͨĵطԳԣҲޱȡ
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ʵ̫ӴߵĻԪȻ٣ҲܼÿһطǲлǽڣߣҲʲôӵе˵岻١
ߣһǱҪһЩͬܵǲлϮϾȽϼУһһط̸ȥһǱߵ̫ɢϧĻԪǿԲл궼ˡѰߣǲлУֻ·һһȥ
һ嶼ȫѰǲлټǶǲл꣬һʵǿһޣʱ¾֮
ЩһǿȻ˲ٵŬʧҵԷټԭܰҲǷɢݣҲΪ˽ҪأǲŻϧ̾һ
һһڰϹŲлֻʱŻᱻͨ߷֣Ҫҵ̸ףҾ㷢֣ȻԪ߸ȥԷҲˡ
ΪµǣҺǲл꽻ֹҷֶκ⣬ʵƺֻǼ۷ӣȴܹѹҡϧ³
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ԣɫ΢䣬ǼͻԪһǵ͵֮ѹȫεԪһ̺֮ѹҪǼʵܻԪѣ
ǧʱȥҵģǲлʵǿˡϧɫص
Ϊ֮Եʣϧ̤ԪʵѾһУߵߣܹʤĲࡣǧǰ˵ϧ£ǧɣлʵܿѾ˻ʼǸΡ
ҲһΪģʱϵԽãǲлʵֻԽԽǿʱǿɾҪˡ
ʱһ߶ʮֵĽݵĻԪߣʼĴѲӣһ֧֧Ǽ۷ɵĶ飬ڿŲ顣Ȼûʲô֡
лȷǸ鷳뾡΢΢ͷϹŲлָʵһʵﵽܹɱʼ˵ʱ򣬿¶ֱɱ˻Ԫߣϳ½Լֳ
Ҫ֪Ϊռͨ飬߼ϳ½жһ£ͻȻصϳ½˵ϳ½һƽ١
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ԪЩЩԺ˵Ȼָơͳһö˵ҩݸϧ£һյѪߣֻҪ겻𣬶ָܻ˵ҩڵѪߣû̫ôȻҲȫûУ̫ҪָҲԪָʱ˵ҩþֳˣֵҩļֵ
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ԪĹ󣬵㵽ˣͻס΢΢һЦ
Ȼϳ½ĻԪ϶Ѿﵽı׼ʵϣ۵ЩҪ֪棬̫ţ̫ȴȻܹѹϳ½ͬߡǵ̵Ĳϳ½̷ʵ̫ˣһߣ̤Ԫ֮󣬶Ҫ֪С֮£ߵΪҲӦڴﵽԪؼ޵ʱ򣬲޷
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˵ͷһλصϳ½ҪʼǰԪ磬ΪϧˣϹŲлĳ֣¿϶ھʩУҲǰ׼
˵ȥϧ²ûմռҲΪʲôǲлߵҪԭ½֮ϣտռ䴩Ҳֻʺͳ룬Ѿ뿪ˡȻԪߵٶȼ죬һ֮УһҪʮʱ䣬Щʱ䣬ȫ㹻ǲлˡ
ǲлܹߣҪôεֶΣҪô˴ռֶΡ밵
ϹŲл꣬ǻԪϲεǿߣֻһƲл꣬˵ʲôֶΣǴռҲʲô¡
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Сϧ£ȫˣ˱쵽һ޴󹬵ո⣬ǴһϤ
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֪һʱɲǵϹŲлʱֻһλԪǹǻԪߣʮˣ
Щʱ䣬ǲл귳ĲᰡЦ
ʼϿЦŵ˵ͷϳ½ǿģƿصĵҲģʥأֻҪԼϳͷڼɣʲôΣգҲԽµȫٻϳɻʼƿݿǳضǵ⿿ܳˣˡ
ڣǲлɾͷˡʼһЦ
ʵ͸жͬһͨˣָоҲֻеλǿ߽ٵʱоȻ֪벻ôﵽǿߵĲΡɻʼȴףʵѾһֻĵز
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ռ䡣ʼһĽ
һ̣ͳϧ˷ٵӳԭķȥͬʱõϢĳܰͽŵˣҲǷٵĳݷȥ


544 սл
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ӰһЦһǿµĹȻɵı⡣

Ӱһƣ޴ƷХޱȿµƣݺݵ̫ս֮ϡ
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ֻһƣ̫ս˲䱻ȣսڵ
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СӰĮĿһǻŵߣ·ڴԼʳһ㡣
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֮ԸҴ꣬Ϊ½֮ûܹռߣֻҪЩлԪĵطκεΣաڣȻ˴ռ
뵽Ӱһ˲ԭȥ

ӰӴܵͬʱһӰƾճԭϿգ
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ҾͲҲֻѧʱ򣬼ǰĻѡԣһЦ
Ϊ콣ڵǿߣ콣ںͳҶгĻһǼߣȻɻϾǻӲûеһʱϳ룬ӲȷӾǳ롣
ֻǳ˳룬½ϣƺûģĻԪߡ

лͳһ׷һӣת˲ǳԭ
סлٶȶӽѰԪߵķٶȣǣȻռ䣿ӴܵĲл꣬벻һ㶡
˵ٶȣʵȻռ䶼ܼ򵥣ǲлȴû˺ѿռ䴩˼
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ʲôôܣȻСĹ֮£ܷӳ˿ٶȣлɫһ䣬ٶȣȻҪ졣
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гһⱩǣһɻصƣݺݵĳӰȥ
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顫
Ǻڵһһɿֲ𵴣ԶԭǸܵޱȿµĳǴһҵĻζ·ʱᱻƿһ㡣


545 ͬھ
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һ߲ϵĶԼһܹʤᱻǶħһɡ

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ڴʱǻߵĴͻȻըһɵĺӰ˳
սͻȻֵȻ˶һ㶣ڽϹսǶԣǰȻһ㶼İϹս洦ܼս


546 ɱ
ս˶İܹսȴǵһμϹսս٣ٱȽģҲ޷սǻʮĻʼˣҲǵһμս

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֪Ŀռͨ׽ǰԪҲֻһ˲飬ΪǿռͨйС磬ߵΪᱻѹһڿռͨҲֻһ˲䡣Ϊϳ½Ŀռͨ飬ֻܿУϿռ֮Ż߽ԪҪԽܳľ롣ȻܳǶսԣǱȽ϶̵һξ룬ʱִܵ


548 ɷ
Ԫ֮УΪҵһ
һݵ֮ϣͻȻһҵĿռ䲨һҰɴСս˲ݵϿա

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λǽȥ뿴һԵһߣڵ
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ǴǰѰһǿߡһ߿ڵ
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549 µǰ
Ԫޱȹ

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˻ɷȴǳĬ¹ػԵȻԸ˵
㻹Ը˵𣿡һЦгһ𣬹Դʩչһ顣
⡭ܵһܣɷɫʱ͵һ䣬һ֮£ܵΣףһ֮£Ҳ飬ʵ֮ϣ


550 ѩ
ԭΪһԪܹ¶Էȴû뵽ᵽһ壬ԷʵȻ֮ϣò˵ԼΣա
ɷɬһЦڵʵҲʶˣ֪һλ龳ż֮еõһǿʼһλ벽ǿżĹؼ
벽񾳣һʱףɷΪʲô֪ʵԼʱ򣬻ǳᣬȻΪżԿ׶
ʵĵɷ֪ɫʯϾɫʯܹ콣ɱıǵȱ񾳵ߣ¶Ķ
Ȼʵ񾳵ߣҲԶԶǶ֣һɫʯϢȴĽ޾鷳
Ȼǰ벽ǿߵżԣô󡣡ɷ룬
ΪΣ뿪ڵ
λǿǵǿߡɷƽ
ǵǿߵĶ龳ߣȥ˽õıӻϢбҸǿᣬҲܻסһӡɷ
üͷ΢壬֪ɷ˵ʵǰ벽ǿߵĶȤȻԶӻ֮ǰˡ
ο벽񾳵ż¶һЩص֣߳ʵסԿס
ˡ
һ̣һ첨ɢ֮ǰսӣҲǱ˳
̸֮Ѿ֪Լѡ񡣡뿴ӣ
ҽԣЦ
֪ʲô뿴ӣüͷһȻõɫʯϲ˵ǹʹĸо
ǣż֮һ͵õһɫһһơҿʲôֻڴָаˡæǲൽ˳뻰֮еһ˿λ߶ǶֵǿߣԷҪɱֻҪָС
˵䣬Ѿȡݸ˳롣
ƣɷһ˿֮ɫʵ֮ϣǰҲᣬڳƣǸ
Ը⽫ƽңǧԪҿ̽㡣ɷæ
һǧ򡣡뵭
áɷû˿ԥ
ԪȻ󣬿ܹõƣ벽ǿߵżֻҪõǼֵ¶һǧԪܹõһЩĵøǿǶԪġ
һǧԪɷֱӸһָ
ֻ΢̽һ£Ƿ֣һǧƷԪ
Ҫơ뽫ӸɷǺӣֱӻصս֮Уս߶˲ʧ֮С
֮£˭Ҳ˵ȥ˭˵ȥݹֱɷԶϡ
ǡ˶Сޱȡ
ֻĿȴʱʱ뿪ķλԪص߻ǿ£һصߣǰ÷Ű

ԪֱӽǴָӸӡ
ǰôԪɲҪҪǰ˵ˡæ
һǧƷԪ治ҪкڳиûֻҪԷԸ⣬׾նɱԪ
ģȻù㣬һʳԡһƽ
ңңôԪʵ̫Σˡæƥﻳĵ˼ʮӣﲻ֪ôԪһй¶һ·һ
ȻˣƷԪ㣬һὫ͵£ľͿԼˡ뿴ӣ
лǰӸм
ʵ̫Σգһ¶ױɱ
սӣܿǵ˱֮Уӣ߶սǰУһ֮󣬱ǵִ˱֮еһбѩǵľ޴ǳء
ǰĴѾ˷ӦӦþѩǸ뿴һߣڵ
㵽ˡһҲǸпѣʱǣͬǲʵĴ˷Ӧ
ǿ޾봫ŵģоƣֻΪϳ½ʵ̫СˣԪĴֱӴŵ½ÿһ䣬ڹޱߵԪ磬ԪεĴ޷κεطţֻܿһܴšµĴڳˣֻһˣӵдȻ˷ӦԣʾڱѩǸ
սһʮ˽뵽ѩС
Ԫĳǳأǹ󣬱ҪǻԪߣ洦ɼһڱѩУҲǸпѡ
һ·Ҳ˲ٵĻԪߣҲǸոճϳ½ǰ㣬ʲô飬øпһѩǣǴħµһǼĳǳأҪ֪򣬶ǱħͳΣħǱΨһİҲǿԪʮ֮УҲܹǰʮģҪ֪֮УҲֻб򣬲ͳһģֻһ
ǴħͳΣΪֻһʮƣҲȫһ򡣡Цŵ
ܹھ֮жռһ˵ǱȽϻߵı򣬵ɴҲܿħʵεǿ
ڴħֻҪǻңһ㲻ʲôΣգǼĳУǽֹɱġ뿪ڵ
⵹Щƶȡһ߸п
˶ھӣЩԪߣżҲߣƶȣЩ˽⣬һ˻֪ħͳηʽЩħҵȴǱĻһҪǿǵ֮ĵһڴħ֮£Ҳһʵ鸽С
΢΢ͷħȷģʽħҿɱǿƶˣҲǿˡħµһСǣ¶ѹǲ࣡
Ҵ֪֣ͨȵջס£оʮʺС뿪ڵ˵䣬Ѿ͸֪ͨ
֪ǲǰڳУֱڶ죬ŴϢҪ֮󣬲ܻصѩС
ԭʹ뿪ģһһôĳǳأʶ⣬ڱѩҲֻ¡ҽŵҲϾǰҪȴǲ֪Ҫȶˡ֪ϳ½һǿߵʱ򣬿һֱԼһ壬ΪԼܺһƽȴһĶ飬Ԫ磬ŵҲλǰ

⹫ʲôôоûԼĳãһ汦׷ʵ
һԪε汦ȱһҲǸո̤ԪλǼε߲Żõ͵
ѩΪǼĳǳأĵطȻ٣̶ʱ䣬˲ٵıЩڳУһЩ֮ֵҲߣ͵Ǹˡ
Щո̤Ԫɢ֪뾹ȻԪε汦һ棬֪᲻ֱѪ
Ҫ֪ʧЩڳмֵ汦ǿҲǼֵһƷԪڹؼʱ̣ܾǵ
λʦ֣ҾȸˣлڱѩǣȹȥˡһϤ
˳ķȥ̼һϤӰ˲ǱˣǵһǰԪʰ


551 ľ
ķ糾͵ӣӦǸմӱѩҲܽͣΪʲô֮ǰûܵһʱˡ
㻹ΪԼ׽ĵۻʣǴʦֽ첻ãҲȥһߵ
ԣüͷһ׽߶ǸĴڣԷǰͶôܲ
ŷ֣Ѿ˺üˣҼǣڻΣȻȴû¶
׽磬վ۷ĴڣԪ磬һԪ߰ˣʵǿʵ̫ˡ
УʦֵҪ˽Ҫԣ
ԣҲǳĬʦʦ״ӣɲһܹȵģʦȻֻ⽻صʱûаãǿ϶ܵ𷣡˸ʦѾ꣬ʦĵӣ˲һùԿĿ϶
֡ڴʱԶһϤ
ͷһֻһ˹˳뻹гϧһˡ봫ŵʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ϳ½ߣѾӵԪ磬ԶڳܰˣҲûие֡
֡΢΢ͷ
ѣӵĿڳϣܵԷǻΪɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ȻǿѾǻԪصΪ
ǵģλǳֺļˡæܵ⼸λʦŵʦ֡
ŷΪ׵ļˣ΢΢˹֣Ǽˡ
֣ʵڲ˼֮ǰʦŵҪŸջصѩǣڻһЩ鴦ԴǸ
˵ϳ½Ŷ꣬ʦŵ飬ȴҲɣʱ˵ǱӻˣԼ鷳
ȻˣǾȻؿջȺ򣬰пٹǡ벻Ϊ
Ǻãһᾡ촦ߵ飬Ϲȥæ
˵ͷǴųϧһ뿪ˡ
С룬ǰǱЩʦ裬Ϊʲôϧ³
ϧºͳһǴССĳ𣬾飬Զȳܰ˶࣬һ۾ܿЩʦ۸
˼ڵ飬ô֣ǳҪ뿪ħģǵ˰ֵЩʦ֣뿪ֻ¸鷳Цһ
ԣϧҲǳĬԳʵǿԸֻǵ뿪֮أ˵ᱻ
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뵱ǰϳ½εȵ绪û뵽Ԫ硭ϧ̾һ
С߻ã˴˱ţһ㶼Ԫ磬ʵСɢޣҵġ΢΢ҡͷǿʳ淨
⹫ҪȻ㽫ʲӵˡ񵭵
ô򵥵ġЦһ
ʺɽһûɻãʹݣҪͨݱӻˣǺɵģɰԼţҪ֪ħŶڻ£˵߾ܴߵġ
ڶ죬ʦŵ飬꣬ջ˼һ档
δɽ˼ҲǼѡ
֮ϣһᣬҵ
֣Ҽƺļλʦֹϵôãô£뿪ڵ
˵ЦһǽԼԪ֮ε˳
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ֻǽħ֮Ƿ֣һǿѪͲǿȻţҲһλ龳£ҲֻǼӣݱЩײĻԪߺõˡ
һʱ֮󣬰ͱɵѩǵפأЭѩǵĴʦִѩǵ˵ˣһȵġļλʦ֣ʦֶ꣬ոյİȻҲͳ۸Ķ󣬺οһ׽ߣûʲôɽΣյ£ҪķѴʱ£
֪ˣһ룬ȻɱҲڣ񡭡̾һ
һţɲ߾ߵģһʦţȻܵʦŵ׷ɱʦźôҲһɲһԪܹġ
˵԰ռֶΣҪӻǺ׵ģϾһţʹ뿪Щġ
Сʮ֮ǰԪأ벻ɵ
Ҫ֪ʮ֮ǰһλǿߣǴŲٻԪǰԪ磬вһЩԪصߣ˵ǽԪô꣬ӦܹŶԡ
Ҫ֪һ岻ͬһ嶼Ѫϵһ㶼ԼѪڵʵϳ½ûпɽҪԪҵǲס
ʵҲǵϢûеõκϢҿԿ϶ǣһѪţûʮ֮ǰչ׽ߡҡҡͷЦ
˵ţʵϣڣҲֻһ˰ˣûʲôɽɽͶȻˣͬЩգΪڵԼ޷ӻαӻɽˡ
֣ûа취ţ룬ǿڵ
һ壬ŵǲѣֻǡЦûűӻ鷳
˵ħƶȺƣɻԪɱǾģرǰЩ׽ûʲôɽţǾΪɢˣһ꣬ʶٵɢޡȻɢ޵࣬˵õʲôͻ̱׷ɱָʲôʱ䡣Ԫɢ࣬ճɳģȴǼ١
֣һͬȥŻЩݣǰһݻǲѵġ뿪ڵ
⡭Щԥ
Ƭ̺󣬰ҧãҲǱʹɽǸң˵˵ڻ
ֻԼһˣǸԸϾԼźôҲǶѩǣҲʲôΣգɽ˸ݿ¾ײĴڣ⴦˵ʲôʱˡ
Ҫ֪֮Դ˴ɱǼΪ飬ȻģĴսᷢСģͻ˼ԪߣǶǳġĳ⣬οһѰĶ
ȻͬԣŲѣһ彨ź岻ͬΪѪĹϵŶǼΪ飬Ͼһ屾ͲϲȺӣ̤ԪҲһǵıԡ
֮󣬳߶ս뿪˱ѩǣǰͨݡ
ǾΪǿһ򣬵֪뾹ȻŵĵӣҲǸпѣɲǵǸոսԪСߣȻ֪ǺεȵǿͨɢޣҪţΨͨһεĿˣſԡ


552 Ԫ
һεĿˣԪɢ޶ԣһ£ڴħҲǰμӣȻ¡
Ϊ֪ŸǺεȵѣв꣬ȴҪ֮ӱǰǿ
֪İֻ̤ԪͲʱ䣬һкܴĹϵһв򶼺ܻѪԽǿɾҲԽܹ̤ԪѾǱȽˡܹμſһߣ֮жǾţô׼š
֪Ԫĳ֮Ув֮жһǿߣһߣһҲǼġ
ͨݣ˿ڱѩǣȱѩǻҪһЩĳǳأҲǸпѡ
ʮݣ֪ģͨʮ֮һ
ʹˡһ˽ݸǸѲߵĻԪСӼ룬ޱȹ
ʹ
ɽһ㶣ֻ֪ͨЩλȴ֪ͨݵļʹӲ֪ʹʲô
룬ͨݵļʹ˫Բһ˼Ŀų롣
˲֪ʹţɰȴʹǿһ֮ͷ֮һ˵ͨݣǾԵ߲㣬۵λڸͳĴڣ
֣ʹ𣿡ɽڵ
ΪԪ磬ȻڳƺΪ£ֵƣΪãΪҲ֮г˳֮ǿģȻΪ
ֹ󣬿ô˵ϵͨݵĵλ൱ڳֻͨʹߡ۳룬п˵
˺ôҲǴ׽ģڣôһ˵Ȼ֪ͨݵĵλǺε֮ߣ˵ͨݣȨͳ൱ˡҲѹ֮ǰ˵ͨݣ׸ǰһݡ
һλĴڣҪͨߵݣǺεȵļ򵥣
ȵȣˣͨݼʹߣĵӣ롭ͻȻƺ뵽ʲôһ˼Ŀų롣
ͽһ飬Ԫ紫ܶ߶֪һӣг롣Ҳ⣬ϢԳҲʶһ롣ȻԳȴǳˣµĳ룬Ȼʶĳ룡
Ǻˣüͷ΢壬
Ԫʱʵ̫ˣڼ仹ڸ·ֻڱѩǶݵͣԪ缸֪ĵزҲʱ̱˹ߣ˲û˵䡣
棬ǿվԪ۷ĴڣŵĴߣһڴħжӦÿ뵽ˡ̾һ
˻
˻˲һ
Ԫ۷Ĵڣһڴħǿǿߣ
Ȼû䣬ɺôڴħ˼ʱ䣬Ȼħεȵǿдƶϣ浽Ǻεȴڣ
ɫӵĿ˳һۣ˵С磬Ѿǿ죬мǧ꣬ܺʮİСϾֻС磬Ԫ֮ǲףСߣԪ治ʲôԪǿ̫ˣһ̤ԪģС綼ò˼飬Ԫ磬ǱȽϳġа˾Ṳ̋ԪģߣɢˡЩڵߣ̤Ԫ˦
ипԪһ꣬ʵ͵λһλվԪ۷ʦ֮ǰ붼ġ
صʹۡ뽫˰һԸڼʹģϾȽϰȫҪĥ£ǽԷŽŵľУǰͽţȴҪԴͨݸǱȽϰȫģ뵹Ҳû⡣
ʱţһתȥԪϳ½ߣʵҲвС
꣬ҵΪҲѾﵽԪ۷塣ʱ䣬˽̵һǱչΪѾǴﵽ˻Ԫ۷壬ֻҪԸ⣬ܳ龳
ţؼ죬ǽӵĴš
ΪһȽݸһ㲻ʲô£ٴŸ룬һδţΪһεſˡ
ಡ
һǴӸۡʧƬ̺󣬱˳
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ϵܼ겻ʵҶδĶˡĿڳϣһп
֪һǧ֮ǰܺһص߽֣֪ʱĳ룬ΪǻԪؼޡ̤Ԫ۷壬ʵȻһһߣֻ¶ǳĶ֡
м꣬ðˣּǰӦòΪ˿Ϊô򵥰ɣԣЦ
¡ɫڵʵһټͻϵǰΪͨݺ̫һ̱߽һԪ
Ԫ
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ǻԪɫȽȻ£ӦѾ֪һЩ
΢΢ͷһηֵĿƣƷԪϣܰƷԪһͿˡ
ԪΪԵʣҲֳɼ֣СͿһ£Ϳһϣʮ£ͿʮϡʮڴԪ֮Ϊ
ޱϡ٣һ֣ǳᡣͿȽټһ񣬲ᣬͿȽϳˣСͿǳͨ£кüСͿھ֮С
ƷԪĿͿ֮УǱȽϲˣȼԽߣıֻԪôóᡣԭ򣬻Ϊеİ
ôһͨݵʵǳԲ°ɡü
ңϰļֵ¶ƷԪļֵˣȿһһܳԵͨȻмλ龳ߣʵҲǱȽǿĶһһЩࡣ
ͨݵʵȻǲܳݳʿԪҲ룬Ѿ֪ͨҴʦ֣ʿԪҲ֪ͨڵĺѣ߲ܴճʮλ龳вٰճ
ԣ΢΢˵ͷʮλ龳ߣǲܹ⻹Ҫ̫һǱߣϾһͿڱ߽紦̫һ̲ܲġ
ϵܣĻɲǾУѵóһͿһͿϧˡЦ˵
Ƭ̺΢΢˵ͷͿİȽ˵жаıһεֵһԣʧҲʲôʧ
ȻˣһˡЦŵ
ϵ룬ֶһʤ㡣һЦ
ܹȡһƽǧԪǶ龳߶ԣһʲСĲƸˣΪҪǣǿİԪδ򵽵ġԽĿԽ󣬶о޴İ˭Ҳ׳۵ġ
봫Ÿϧ£Ǹ˳ǰͨݵı߽磬ͬʱݷĳʿԪˣҲһͬǱ߽紦еȺߡ


553 ֶ
ź̫һΧ紦ΪĽأڲҪһЩҲһЩɢðѰáǰգһƬȴͻȻפŵĴߣͻȻפ˴ѰߣﻹҼȥ׷롣
һ޴ɽ֮УӴӪפڴˣ˫פڴ˵ĻԪߣͳˣÿһλԪΪڻԪϡл龳ǿ˴ʱ˫ȽϿƣûб̫ģĳͻ
ϾԪʱڸ޷תߣѹԷ¾󣬷ռʱҲûʲôô
ɲԪҩ֮ıõ֣ͺѱᣬǱ˴ʵ̫ԪҪھرͿûмʮϰ꣬붼롣
һЩǿھ򣬶Ҫʱ䣬һ㣬˫ȻޱȵԲŻ˿ơ
ոյõϢ̫һǱλ龳ߵһӷɿʿԪǰ
Ȼʱ࣬ʿԪΪһǵ
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صߣ֮УҲųϲεǿˡ
֣һεֻ²ʿԪһλߣЦŵ
һǴ֮߳ģЩһȻϵԿ˾Ȼŵųϡ
ʿԪ̫ˣ˵һʱߣѶкüλвһЩųϣȻʿԪûʲôǿʦ𣬿ɽֻЩǿѣҲݸ֮λ
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ϵܡˣʿԪϲ¶Цݡ
˼ոպͳϵ˵£ЩˡЦŵ
޷˳ϵ˼룬ߵʵǿ˲١ʿԪЦ˵
ڳʵڳ߶֪һЩҲʿԪڻԪؼ޾ܺ龳һս̤Ԫ۷壬ʵֻ²һص֮¡ݣ뵽һ֮УҲ֮е顣
֣ҸյȺ˵˵æڵ
̫һ̵פ֮⣬˫ȽϿƣδʲôģĳͻǱѾһλųϵִ龳һʮһˣ½һЩǿִʿԪڵ
ԣ΢΢˵ͷһͿ֮ǰѾԤϣ̫һǱɳʵ̫ɳ龳߶ﵽʮһˣ˺ܶĵˡ
ʦѾţ·ϣܿͻִǱλͬ飬ˣһʮˣӦÿѹˡ
һսѹסԷǾͿռھԪȽλã´󣬵ʱ̫һ̻ҪᣬȻҪĴۡ
ʿԪǺһսҪλá
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ֲƴҺ֣Ҳûֵܹһڽߣ˵
ҾͲУصߡԣһߵ˵š
صߣЩǶԣ̤أ񾳣Ŀ꣬Ѱıﻹǵע⡣
ƾλصǿߣһսǻʤϣɱ󡣡ǻߵ˵ͷ
λصߣɲô붯ҲǽԼǰһô붯ŶλȻصߣȷʵͨϻطʵص߶ѹƣصߣѻˡ
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556 
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ҶԼоһеȻ򣬻֮С΢΢֣ƺҪǵĴڣϧĴڱ翣˵龳ߣ񾳵ߣҲֻܹܵ޷֮ԴĴڡҪǸΣֻв𼶱ǿߣп
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ҲʱŻؼڶˡ밵ڻԪؼ޵ʱ򣬳벢ûŻؼΪʱľŻؼʵѾ󣬱ϾԼαؼ͹ԴһܣɹŻؼڶ㣬Ҳʲôࡣ
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Ҫ֪Դһι䣬ЩҲܵʵĿӣΧɼˣҲûʲôŸֱӴΪϳ쳣ȹ̡


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һϳѹƵģĳ̫ű𣬿Ҳֱӹ̫ŵϳΪ̫ŵϳֶΣ붼ûչƶԷϳ̫š
ֻ֪̫һ㲻ϵţȴǶȻڶģҲ֮ǰ龳䣬Ȼϳֶûˡ
ҲΪ˼λ龳֮ЩйڵҲֻǰвʳĵֱ̣ӹϳԭ򡣹һϳʵ̫󣬾ЩҲԸ⸶
ֻһһصߣǴһǰܷɽֻһǰôܷ
һȥȻһһصߣѹ÷ˡ
Ӳüͷ΢壬ҲԤ֮Уһôһλ龳
֮ǰȫһûκζԷĴ󣬱ҪƶԷĴ󣬲ôףϾһϳ׾ͱ˹ƣҵͲ֪˶ٴˡ
ҵҪڹǣжӲЦһǱµģſɲֻϳ½һԱô򵥣ͬǰн̵֮Ȼûʦͽ֮ϳ½ڶԪ֮Уǳ˼֮׵һˡôĥȥ
ˡ
ħ֮߶һħƸڳϣһǿޱȵϢӿš
ս̬
Żģ
гһⱩǣǧɴСľ޴󽣹⣬ݺݵĴ֮ϡ
䡫
һ̣һľ촫ĴҲ͵һһµ
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һĻڵ߲㣬ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ȻĴûƣһܣʵ̫ˣѾ
ģһðģ˿µʵֻ֮УǱȽˡεɫޱѿҪ֪Ĵ󾭹һδεȹ̣صߣѺҪǿƿصߣǰӣȻܹʵѾ߸еľ˵ʵϹ֮ϣ
ʵڲУҪǽǽŽȥˡһС
һλǿߣȻƿĴ󣬿ǵǿߣߣܲһӴϳ֮С
Ѿǣٵǿߣɢˡ
Уܽȥһǽȥһһλ龳ô죿Ĳɣ
⡭
ԣҲǳĬ˲٣֪һλɢ龳Ƶ÷¾͵ֶԸˡҪ֪ܹϹȥ֮ȻŶĹģܴһԭΪû׷̫ȡ
һͨ龳ǲ壬¶ԷӵصʵҲûһսߵΧǽɾͲһˡ
⻤ɽǿʩչŻؼһܿ¶ӽؼˣȻ޷ƿ󡣡üͷ΢壬ɢ޺ٹţܴһԭ򣬲ΪǵʵκβöԷϳ
ȻˣǾСЦҪһ龳ûеĶɡ

һ̣˶ǻһ⡣
ž
ǻɽ֮ϣ·һޱȷдУǽΪĵλãһµɢ󣬶ڷĲš
⡭һĻΣɫҲ͵һ䣬ӣһȻѾƿļ
ټӹ̴󣬾Բƿμæ
ݡݡ
һߴ߶Ԫһ޴ԪӿһеĵطǰԪӿһеĵطҲѸٵĻָš
ɲ֮䣬һɢɽҲǻָ
ˣϴϣ߶ɽ󡣡ζԵߵ
ʱΣҲЩһܣǴﵽصĲΣɽܳҪļ
ģһﵽ˭һأȻܹصսҲǽѣһ̣֣뼫пܲʲôɢޣû˵ʲôɢܹһرصսԽ׶սõʲôؼﶼǿԽС磬Ǻεȿµʵ꣬Ҳδ˵
ǿ£ȫһȻ޷ƿ󡣡һʱҲЩ׹ΪʲôЩѱ𣬾ڵһЩǿ䣬ϳֶȴڣҪһʵ̫ˡ
ֻܶˡ̾һԭΪԼʵܹ׵ƿĴû뵽ֻһͨĶɽսƿġ

һһ̣һҰɴСս˰֮С
ǡս
ǳֵսɫɴ䡣
սƺǱսξһ
սµ߶ƻΪսսҲй󷨣սΪսһ㶼Ŀ꣬СĿսǱȽѵġǣĻɽ󲻽ǴĿ꣬һǲƶĻӣ
ǰºμæڵ
ˡ
ȻεĻδ£սȻһµĽ⣬ֱӺĴ֮ϡ
ۡۡ
ɽĺĳٿشߣⴸһѪٿص󷢺ģҲ˲飬ɽơ

ξֵĴһǿ½ƿݺݵĳȥ
£ǺݺݵĻζߣǽ֮£׷ȥвһЩԪߣ˵ߣӦ
ǰǷˣ̷ˣμæ
ӵĳȻҪȻŸҪһû˵ãΣҲֻһͨɢްˣ
ˣ
صεһЦһ⡣
ۡ
һεֱӻѪ
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һ̣ûŽͳɱһ߷׷׳ȥ׾ƿɽǿߣܹԿġ
һӰӴܣ˺ѿռ䣬ֱӷӡ
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߲һۣ̾һ׷˺ѿռߡ
ಡ
һУεıһڵʯǰ
ǰܿˡŻѪĽţ⼸֮Уŵܵôĥ
޷ֻһЩƤ˰ˣЩһҪĥңˡɫ԰ףһЦ
ŵΪԪأûյѪΪҪɱʵ̫ףԷ½ŵҪĥˣҲü³롣

գһӰۣۿɼٶȻָţģϣϡܹΡ
ưܵŭһˣˣ֪ˣͽŽˣﻹ顣񲻵ûΪӱҲǴ˽ȥ
ҵĴָƺ뵽ʲôһĵԻָû˿û˿ٽǴָУȴϹƴŶıﰡ


562 
ǴָеغһλǿߵżԭδԼ̤龳֮ڶȱҲǱһֱϣĽˣϹֻһ˲֪ܡ
Ϊμһֱϳ龳ߣѹϳҲʮֵİȫ
ûϳ֮У˶ߡ
ΪҪǣߣȻ龳ǿߣɽǿƿĴڣҪܣ
ѾûˣҲûˣȻʹҲףʱΪҪǱҪ֪ɻδ뿪أ
ಡ
ڴʱԶһӰǳ롣

ֱ˺ѿռ䣬ѪڳǰһЦָᱻɱ
ӣ
δʱֻһͷס
ӣ
һЦűĥԭֱ뿪Ȼ׷ŹΡ

һһµĽΡ
˭һ㸶۵ġŭһֱȼֵ꣬ųһٵĳ˺ѵĿռ֮УȶĿռȻΣգǶһ߶ԣյѪߣҲ˶ѡһ޷ռģȴֻ·һ

γռ֮Уת˲֮䣬ǿռѷǻָ
ӵû졣üͷһҲףȷ˵ȼֵ꣬һεƻ룬ֻҪûȫ飬ܴռ䡣
ȻûշռֶΣҪһλյѪռߣôס΢΢ҡͷȻȥͽţܺε޷ͻָɱ
ߣӵòˣֻʣһЩԪµߣЩͨߣȻûʲôȤҲöɱЩߣԣûʲôв

ֱ˺ѿռ䣬ҲǺܿʧ

һɽֵϿգһռ䲨һ̣һӰǿռѷ֮е˵ȻֻһãһѾ飬ѸٵĻָ
ɶ񣬾Ȼ֮
ŭ
Ҫָ¶Ҫϰʱ䡣ΪҪǣĻۣҲǱȡߣһԪûУ

ηŭţƿǧｮĵһˣȻ˵ز
ۡ
ͻȻһѪ׹ԪʹָϵӡǱǿĨԵʡ
˵˭ζ㸶۵ġ˫Ŀͨ죬ŭš
񾳵żҵòҲõȴıؽ޾׷ɱһĵͺš


Ͽգһռ䲨һӰѾưܵǰ
ȻˣǰưܵЩҲǾȲѣȻڶǱȽģɺôҲǶԪ磬Ҳеһж𣬶ǱȽϴ¼
治֪׵ʲôˣ֮ǰǰµĹ˵ʵﵽءһ΢΢ҡͷ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ򱬷ܣǶоˣǱܼǿɳʱ䣬ȴẠ̊́ܶɱǸʱѾɢ
ϹˣĴ鷳Ҳǻáһ
Щߣ˵Ĺϵжãǡǡ෴ΪļǺĹϵãһǰҲȷһսˡ
ϧĸ߲ƺˣֻʣССϺûʲôмֵıһ΢΢ҡͷ
ǰǱųƻٵ˼ֻǿϧĸ߲ͲˣʣµĶҲһЩߵĶЩ󣬿Ҫתƣ̫󣬲ֵá
ȻûʲôмֵĶ£ĵ̵ǲСߺȻ
ԣ˲һۣЦ
ȻˣƽΣӵ
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˶ǵ˵ͷһһ䣬ռ֮һĵ̣˵һЩ׳ԣѾһջˡ
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ڴʱһռ䲨
ˣ˵Ŀⲻɿǿռ䲨ĵط

һ̣һӰ˵ǰ
Σ
ˣ˲һ㶣һ̣ǽΧοĹϱȻвٵı
û뵽ȻһߺٺһЦ´Ρ
ʲôҡһЦڼ˵˼ȻףһΣȴǽ˵
ϸûԪʹﱦЩͱǿ߶ˡƲƲ졣
ôǲţƺĻЦȴɫΣģ˵аԣ̵ıɢ

һѹεϣµı֡
˵Цˣôܲ㡣߹һЦ
ȻεıѾλǿ߶ߣȻҲûжԸεĴ㣬Ҫ֪εʵ֮£ȻûԪƴһսҲùԷбֵƴһ£һУȻֳֺõ顣
λǴؽɡһ߳Ц
ؽһôףĻɽ󶼱Ƶˣûлɽսһλʵǿǿ򣬷ٴνҲοһε飬һЩĸ߲㣬ߣôܻǲѰ·
ؽĳЩ֪֮û¡һƽ
ǴķչճΪҪεѣЩŸ߲űߣǽչšŻڣʵǿȻԸ⣬ûˣǽԴ˭Ը⡣
ĳһλһԵҪ߼λˡλ
ĻԵ
˻һԵ˶ЦʱΣУͲĹһʵǿɢްˣлԵҲܸǡ
ңΣģһõһǿżǿǿżĹؼһƽ˵š
ԣ
ɫһ䣬ʱף˵ĻԲؼ٣ԣɲµġ
һֱұܣɾڸղţѾǿ߶ߣԣ˿٣Ը̵ıɢε

ѹ٣Գɣ
ǿߵż
ԣ˵ɫ͵һ䣬ǿߵżʵ̫ˣ˵ǣһ¶
Ҹ˵Ķ˵ˣξϣԼˡιһЦֱ˺ѿռ䣬ʧ
ΣˮżܲģɫЩѿ
ˮ뱨λǿߣΪֻὲϢǣһм
˻һԵļ˶ʱعɵһΣʵ̫ˣϢһܲλǿʵȻҲԲܺһ⣡


563 һǿ
缸˲²һ㣬θˮǽǽϢɢԼͬû½Ϣ˼
ļ֤εĻȻõߵϿɣӴеõżϢܿǴ
˵ΪǹսԵʣż࣬ɼˣżҲǺѲŻһֻطˡһǿߵżȻ˲ٵвһЩһС
ֻɳѰҲҲټ
ɷš
һؾȻܹɷԺ֮вӰ
ɷȴҡҡͷǿߵżɲܲ룬֮ǰǸ벽żΪϢûдֵܷһʱһżϢѾȥ̫࣬ʵֻЩе׵Ĵڰˡ
Ȼ޷ȥɷǷԸµע٣Ͼλӵ٣вǿ߿˲СĴۡ
һУԶͨݵĳ룬֪
½֮󣬳ֱӻصͨݣһεľҲ¶մռֶ̫֮ĥʵ̫ΣˣҪǳ룬˵ñĥꡣ
ʱļᶨ֮ܳ꣬µĶֱӱ
űչز򣬳ҲһűϾǰЩ飬ҲֱԣһΣҲףԪ紳ʵ̫ΣգûʲôֶΣ棬ʵ̫ˡҲΪʲôŵĵӣԸŮΪǵʵĿ̫ˡ
ˣεĴָƺ뵽ʲôεĴָȡ˳
֮ǰ뿪ʱΪνָԪϵʶ׷٣ҲֻǽԷӡĨûüָ̽ʲô
ǶǸС̽ŴָڵıҲǸпѡ
ΣǱҪУǴָڵԪǧ򣬻иҩҩƷϣ¶ǧƷԪ
һ۷ĶӵеĲԲͨ߿ɱȵģܹ֮ôƸܴԭΪһĹ䣬ﶼһԪôӵ˶ĲƸ
סʲôͻȻǴָ֮У뾹Ȼһöͨ徧ӨɢһɹϵϢȻвٵʷˡ
ڤˣ̽ڵϢȴǷ֣Ȼһλǿʱµ
ڤˡ
λǿߵţϧλڤ˵Ϣȴûʲô˽⣬û˵Էš
һλǿµżеıֻ²٣ǳҲǼΪĶϾ⣬ıȴʮֵȤ֮·أԴҲͬҪ
ԪߣŻṩԴ֧֣ǵ龳ŵ֧ȴĻҪԼŵʵǿߣѸٳɳ֧龳񾳵ǿߣʥҲû
¹һλǿߵżοҲ֪Ϣ鷳ˡɫһ
ֶԸʱ򣬸֪ĴڣδռʱҲûдռ׷ɱȥϾشε꣬ѵѾˡڣȴףûնɱΣֻ¸˲С鷳
ԼУο¶֪ܽûȥ˫𣬿ȴûȥ£λôǳҲܲµһЩ
Ըɫһ任ò˺ѿռϵһ֪ѾϢݳȥ
ΣѪȻԣҵӰɢȥһ뵽СɫޱѿҲǰԼһˣԲöԷţģ޾鷳
֮мżŵλãȻûɢȥѱЩһ֪ǰȥɫһΪѿ
ڤ֮еϢµɲֹһ˵ǿߵõΪؼǣοѾżλõϢݳȥһǰżǾ
ߣʵ㣬ҲżΣñڼ㡣һɱֱӴռ뿪
һΣ벢ûлصͨݣǻصţڤˣһδ˵ǿߣ֪һǿߣŶмصģصţҪѯһλǿߵϢϾǽż֮Уλżһ㶼˽⣬ǿʮΣյġ
Ȼûйڤ˵ļأɫ΢䣬йߵļأȴûҵڴ˵ļء
ŵ鱨ȻܵģǴ󲿷ֵ߻мصģڤˣȻûбص֮еһ
֪һЩ̾һǰĹ
ܿ죬Ǽ棬˵Լ⡣
ڤ˵ϢЩ㵵Ŀų롣
ǵģǰ˵ͷŷһЩ伮ȴûвĵλǿߵϢ
ȻŵļأһЩŵߣʵµߣصǿ߲ȫ棬ܶϵ񾳣½񾳣ûмءЦŵ
ȻǳҲ񾳵ʲôȥ񾳵ߵ֪żصߣԪֹߣ޾մԪһЩǿߡ
ܹλڤˣûļأȴΪЩԭ򣬶Ϊһ޾֮ͻ񾳡滺
һͻƶѰһȫĵطرǴ󾳽ͻƣؾͻ龳ҲУͻ񾳡ⴳر޾֮ͻ񾳣ǱȽټġϾ޾գܹвߵΣտɲ١
λڤͻ񾳣նɱһλһ۷ߣصֶ߽ܡܶ˶²⣬˽ĳɾͲܴͣ۷壬лᳬʱⳤӡȻͻ񾳣꣬Ȼˡ浭Į
ͻ񾳲꣬ˣ
ѵǿɱˣü
񾳵ǿȻǿ󣬿޾մᱦҲϾǿߣ޾֮ˡ
ǣûɱ΢΢ҡͷ
ûɱһЩ˼Ŀ棬ڤ˸ոͻ񾳣ıҲôȥ֪һ龳ߣıָ궼£ο񾳵ߣڤ˸ոͻ񾳣ͻƵʱѾԪޣڻʮҲԲ⡣
ʲôԭҲֻ̫֪عԪһΣͼλۣ˵Լ޽֮󣬴˱ûٳֹ滺˵
⡭
˻Ҳɵˣڤ䣬һգƺ֪Ҳޡ


564 
ڤ֮޳֣Ƕ²⣬Ѿ䡣пһ
֪ڤˣҲǾţո̤񾳣նɱһ۷ߣܹƥصǿߣֻϧţ̤񾳲Ѿ䡣
ʱ䣬˵Ƕ񾳵ߣͨĻԪߣǲɱԶԶֹԪ
Ϊڤ̤񾳵ʱ̫̣֮вûйļء浭
˵ͷʱʵ̫ˣҲѹûصļأڤ˾һһһ㻮ǿգһһա
ôڤ˵飬ǵõżϢɣͻȻ
Цŵ˵ͷǽԼ½ţõڤż˵˳
˻ǡпһһʱ䣬֪˵Щʲôˡ
һԪصߣܵõżһһλߣˣҲǸпѡ
һŶܵӰԵ飬Ҳ١
ӰȻܹ߸ĳɳΪ֮ǰ·̫˳ˣǳʱⳤӵһøӵ
棬εȵҫۣһ֮ټҵȻȥȻֻ۷ߣûܿؼһ˵ʵЩһĲ𣬿ṳ̂ǹؼһ޷ѣΪĴڡ
·ͬ˳ޱȣõӰ̤֮ҲǸеƿڳʱⳤӣûаա
Ȼõڤ˵ҲĻԵȴҪСģڤͻȻͬͻȻϴ¹ţż²ôôɫ
΢΢˵ͷһ㣬ҲԼЩ²⣬Ͼľţ䣬һ߶ֻۣľţŻᱻϡŵİ
ҲãԼڵȥڤ˵żȽΣգҲ˵żЩѰһܹƥеġ
ʱţߣȴûзֳټż飬ҲǽĵȥϾ龳ߵԪƾãһαչ궼˵޾մ겻Ԫ磬ǳе顣

޾գǳܲޱȰ·һؾۼǿ֮УȴǴɱ񾳵ߣ䡣
յԶԼܹһЩ޴ǳڽһЩӴʯƶš

֮Уһռ䲨һ̣һӰ޾֮С
޾գǰľ벻૵
޾գ޾δ˵߱޾գ񾳵ߣδ߱޾ա棬޾꣬磬߹Ľֻ޾ձɽһǰˡ
ͼأӦԪǧҡԺ֮иֳһž޴ͼԼڵλá
ͼǸ޾յĵͼͼޱǸ֮أǳõͼԣй
ʵԽǿԽģͼԽϸԪԽͼļԽϸŵͼһݱȽϸͼԪ磬ΪϸͼȴʥġΪΪϵʥͼķΧ֮󣬳󣬾˵ǴϹʱʹڵĹͼ
ڸ󳬼ͼǴǹͼһַչϸǿġ
ҵ޾գ̫ΣգԶ總û̫Σգĥһ΢΢һЦ
޾գ龳ߣܹĴ֮䣬ǱȽˣһֻ񾳵ߣ޾֮дĸԶѰ޾֮еĻԵ
ಡ
һٵǿ֮зӳȥ
סǳʯͻȻĿƲԶľ޴ʯ飬ԪĲϣǳʯһǳʯаɴС
޾֮УǳʯΪһֲϣǲ١΢΢пǳʯ޾ΪĶͨǳ飬޾Ʈʱĸı䣬γǳʯ
ţͻȻܵϢڵķ
ŤͷһֻԪߣĿȵĿǾ޴ǳʯֻڳǿʵǲҿ
ϣҵûҪᡣҡҡͷһ뿪ˡ
ԪҲǼֵʮƷԪҪٵĲϼƣǳʯֵߣҲǼƷԪˡһЩǿĻԪߣۣҲЩûԪʵȽĻԪŻǳʯȱġ
λǿ뿪ˣûǳʯһ뿪ĳ룬ɸп
һǳʯˣǿôῴϣǿЩȡǳʯȻ߿ٲһˡһæ
ǸοǳʯһĻԪɢޣһЩͨĲǳʯǱȽԵģϾԪ󣬾ǺġǳʯΪԪĲϣҲǾ޴ģҲóֵĲ֮һ
뿪СҲʮˣʮһ뿪ȴֻʣʮˣѶѾȥҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬲ܻصС硣һӸп
ģϳڷչҲѸ٣ٹһЩʱ䣬ʵܻصСˡһԵЦ
ԸɡӿЦһԪƴʮ꣬ڵϳڣҲֻˣʮλԪߣȻֻȷЩˡ
һҲûзΪǻԼصС磬Сĺ󱲴Ԫ硣Сǲ֪СѹƣǵԪǺһ㣬ȻԸú󱲾С
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֮ǰ۷ޣԳֵʵǲ壬ֻǳеޣʵҲԡЦ
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޷ֻǺȥǲУӦûû⡣Цŵ޲Ե޹ʵľۼһôޣһֻرǿ޾ȻھԪ粻ԶĵطбȻйŹ֡
Ȼ־ˣҲöȰҪСġ̾һǽǳڵλ˵˳
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ҵʵԸص޻һսء΢΢ҡͷصޣԲƥС

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Ϊηһԣ̫ңԶ쵭ϧֻǴ֮أԲûʲôıʹã˵㣬ǸΣ¶÷Ļᡣ
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깥깥ֶ֮У򵥣Ҳԭʼķʽֹʽ޵
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ϵĸ򣬾һЩ࣬ûʲôƿûƴֻҪΪħ֮岻֮ȻȻաǳеĴҲǾߵĴʹﵽһΪĲΣޱȵĻ
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Ǿ޴ĺɫУһǿսǻζһ̣սֱӳ˺ɫУǱǺɫɽȥʧ


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ʱͨɫУһҩҲǴĳԤϡ
ҩǧСŸҩ볢ԹȡЩҩϧЩҩȻ󷨵ػ޷ȡһλǿµĵȻֻһЩ׺֮ҲԲ˴ߵġ
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λʦֵܣ˲أս꣬ȡʤˡʦһȴҲ˴᲻Ըʦʹʧʱⳤӣ޾ա
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һͨǱ߲ʹ⻪
ǡŲԶ߲ʹ⻪ͫײ͵һ
߲ʹ⻪һ㶼İΪڴ֮У֪ٴΣǻǬ𽲵ʱ߲šȻǰ߲ʹ⻪ԶԶ߲ʹ⻪ţҲԶԶ֮еţСŶȲϡֻߴСţֻһ˰ˣ
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ڴʱͶЩʮֵϧţΨһܹҲǽʹùţţѣ˵ˡĿЩţȴ޷ߣ˵ʵЩʧֱڵᵽЩڴɴ˿̼ⱦȻ߲ţҲǴϲѣ߲ţɲЩͨſɱȣȻСǶ߶ԣܹһˣѾ㹻ˣ
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ȻЩ޳ǳ֮УʲôżȻһâ
ԣЩޣǱ˵Ǻܵͣǵıܣȴ˼άĸΪֱӡŴĺôǻٴΣ޲ǶԵһ֪ǡǡ෴Ϊɱ̺֮ܶܣԶڵ߸ӵС
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Դˣ뵹ûие֣֮ǰЩȻҲȴûСһ㣬ȻܹΪЩͨɵ󷨣Žŵô߷
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һ۴ڵϢɫҲ΢΢һ䣬æ߶սһȥ
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ʱ뻹ڲ總Ԫ绹кԶľ룬ŵߣ⸽ȣȻѾǱƵΪΣյĵزȫǱԵ̬ͬڴˣлĻᡣ
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ܹ總ߣʵֻ¶ԸᳬҵΧа
ȻǰԮΣճܹܵķΧ϶ܰԼȥ

޾գ߰˵ӰڷɱţÿһɱߣʵǲֻɢǽԲΪƽءҪ֪޾֮УƯŵһЩʯЩСһﷶΧһ㶼в١
ţǺôĵӣеıҲᣬֱ֪俴Զӡ
ֱЦ޾ѲĲɡһЦ
֮ǰһյصõٵĵرû뵽ո뿪ͱһ׷ɱκһʵףǸǶֻ֣սӣֻǲԪʵ̫ԶˣͲԿȻǡ
ûʲôͬڵĵӡ̾һԮϢѾȥʱ䣬ȴû߸ȻֻǱԵ뷨ԮϢûͬڸелЩʧ
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ȻϷͳȫǡһ˲Ǵԭʧһ̣Ѿǳǰ

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߾ʻսǱսҲ壬սҲǸһЩ鷳Ҫɱܣǲٿսߣӵľ衣
սҲܹԷһЩ鷳ˡ̾һһǳս

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һĻһȴǳսɱ˹ȥ깥Ǵɱɳȴûа˵ߣԷʵҲǿҪֱնɱܣ飬ʲôشơ˵ߣߣܽɹ˿أ
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ŵСľţ飬龳ߣܿٴ
ȻǣƬ̣ҲûԷ


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Ҫ֪ߵǲ뿪̫õģǵȲεǿߣܹ֮Բл״̬ΪؽָԵʡֻ״̬ٵģĶҪҲΪʲô֮󣬶ÿܵԭ򡣷򵥴״̬һĹ궼û̫˺״̬ǿ
ʵϣȴˣһͻٵģǳʱ䲻ȵ˶֣ɢˡ
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һĻҲסˣһλɺϣοɾͲɺˣҪ֪ߵ߼ǱѹƵģ˵˵ԷŶ԰

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575 
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ʦֲؿҲþպյǵԮϢæ
ֻǬĵʵǲǰһģϾǬ֮ǰʵҲֻѹѰ߰ˣԶԶûдﵽز
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ʵôҲ޿ɺǣ磬總ԴñȽأһ߶ϡֻû뵽һ𹬣Ȼ˹֡ҡҡͷ
ʵ飬Ԫ總һЩؾ֮УҲᾭȻ㣬Ҫɱ˶ᱦģͱȽˣϾߣֻԼ總̫ԵȻߵĲ
ܹұסѾҡ̾һһ֮УأҲģûмʮʱ䣬¶ָ
޾գûдô򵥵Ĵַǿʳ

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һһصߣȻܹ깥ֶΣŵĵλֻ²ͣξˣһɽӦ֪ô졣
ǡɽɫһ䣬æ
Ȼû˵ɽȴ֪һߣȴʧȥ׷ŵ˵Ļᣬƴһʱ䣬Ӹϵŵ˸ӲߡҪ׷ɱŵѾܣãã޼գҪҵһλܹռ̸ףЩտռߣܴӴռನ֮ҵһЩۼ׷ٵˡ
δԭʧصս֮Уһ̣սǻӰʧ޾֮С

սһ·ԪʻȥҲûʲô鷳ǱսµߣƻĴڡֻһսĻȴ
ʦԭͨݵļʹҼǵõ뿪ʱͨݵļʹǽ˼֮ԵŸп
޾մǶŵ˽ҲǼΪޣҲǽЩʱ飬ȻųȻͨݵļʹЩԾ
ϾʹݿɲͣЩųϵ͡
ҼǵüʹǻԪصΣʦܵμʹʱ䣬ǲ˰ɣһ߿ڵ
ʵǿ֮ϣȻǶʱܹﵽġ
ҵμʹʱ䲢һˡЦҡҡͷ
һꣿ
˻˵ɫ΢΢һ䡣
һ꣬Ҳ˵һ֮ǰֻǻԪصΪ
һ֮ǰΪѾǴﵽ˻Ԫؼ޵ĲΣܹһڣزҲ̫ˡ
ʳʦʦӺˣǿѹͷ𾪣׷ʵ
ʦ档뵭Ȼĵ
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⻰˲ɵһǼͽģǼӶ٣Գչ¶츳¶ŵӲˡ
ʦܹǳˡŸ̾һ
꣬нյĳɾͣɳ룬ֻʮ꣬Ȼ˳ɾͣʵ֮ϡ
ŵ뿪Ѿʮ꣬ǱܵľãӦ뿪֮󲻾ͨſˣµģҲֻܽͳΪʲôܹڶ̶ʮʱ䣬ﵽڵĳɾ֪͡ŲŲ꣬ʲô롣
һ㣬Ҳû˵ƣ޾ͬţǱȽټҲѯŵ˲ٹ޾յ顣ϾżͼļأһЩĶ޾գԲһͼһЩǰڵľ͹ġ
ʱţս޾ʻǵִԪ總
ŵһм֮󣬲Ǻͳֱ𣬱ϾһҪֱӻصͨݣ׼һεſˣŵΪ˵ԵʣҪص
ʦᣬ˳ɾͣ¶ϣ񾳡һȥĳ룬п
뽫ĳɾܹͣ²ģһؾ֮䴳ݱ£ɲ˭еġŸпһ


576 Сǰ
ʱǧٴλصͨݣûѡֱӴռصʹͨݵĽֵ֮ϡ
ָо񵱳ĳصСһǹĸоɡ
ʱһεſˣֻʮʱ䣬ͨҲǱ洦ܼһЩǰμӿ˵ߡһΣһβμӿ˵ߣҪһЩϾʱţ뵱μӿ˵¼Ѿ˴˵رǽǧûͨ¶飬Ȼˡ
ȻĲ࣬ɱϾֻǰ飬֪߻ǲ٣ǰͨݵߣҲȷǱ˲١
ӣˣ
ʹ߼룬Ҳ΢΢һæ
ܿ죬õϢ̣Ǹ˹
ӣѾ֪ͨˣܿͻ̹
ʹߣܹн죬ǳͣڳ룬̵˶ޱȵĹ
ϧڱչ𣿡뿪ڵ
ǰʱ䣬ճء΢΢ҡͷЦŵӣˣȻһ
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Ҫ֪ӻԪصԪѰأ˼ǧʱ䣬ϧµĽٶȾȻ˿֮£ϵϢʮȹ̣Ȼû˿ȵ
ܹڻԪ˿µĽٶȣǿΪ˵ָ㣬õٱƵĥ£ǳϧ½ֻǿԼУȻڶ̶̼ǧʱ䣬Ϊزβ
ʲôΪżһΣϧ°˳һ
ԣ벻һЦϧºôҲʣȻԪ磬㲻ʲôɻǱһߣռ˲ٵƣҲɡ
ʱĳ룬Ҳף֮ǰ˵ĴһʲôˣϧµΪܹôĽҲǼΪ˵ģϾΪԪӡϧֻͣڻԪնһ֮·
һ㣬ڽԪ֮ڳܰϱǸܵˣȻ츳ɱϾûʲôѪټԪ磬츳ֻһ㡣ܰڽԪ֮Ϊٵ̤龳ɣߵøԶ͵츳̤龳¶ѡ
Ҫ֪֮·ϣǰ䣬һ޴ĴӰԼĵġҲΪʲôܶǿж£ԼⷽӰ죬һЩߣûа£Ͼûа²ŻܵⷽӰ졣
ڳ뿴֮·һ˹¶ȥ˲ݵ𣬻֮·Ҳֻǹ¶һˡ෴һλµ飬ѵ棬Ż֮·ӵĶ˶ʡ
С룬޾մûʲôΣհɣϧЩĵ
Σյûһ޾֮Уǵõһ˵䣬ǽ߲ȡ˳߲ʹ⻪ɢоɴСûǻǬ󷨵Ĵ߶ȻҲС
ǡ߲ţϧµһâЦţ
ɱСţţЧչزУټİЦŵ
ֻ֮ͨϱչزǧ꣬ԵֵĲ߲žûлǬ𽲵ƣЧҲԲǵڵͨŲҪ֪߲ţǻǬ𽲵ʱʹõģȻǸ󣬿Ĳ϶һ
žȻЧ档ϧһ̾
ܹıʵ̫ˣĻǿ߶᲻ϧ۵õͨδĶǿǶµо޴ı
ЧȻջȴҲǼΪµģΪҪǣſԴȥʹáǻﲻЧ
ҲǻԵɺϲŵõţֻϧеСֻһˡҡҡͷ
ǻǬ𽲵ţͬʱУֻϧţ˵ߣǿѣǿǻǬ𽲵רõţȥһ߶뿿˵ȡˣ
ȱܹõѾĻԵҲ̫̰ˡϧ°˳һۡ
ڨڨһЦ˭ֻӶ࣬οϳ½һʵ̫Сˣǿܣ뽫ǵȫߣ֪ڵ֪ԼиȻһ󱲣᲻ֱĻ׷ɱ
ϧҵľ絽һƿȻǿŲ򡣡ϧ΢΢ҡҡͷǧУʱҲǴﵽһƿʱں
ܰ츳ȱԣҲֻǽˣͣһ£ڵľ绹̫ˡϧ¿ڵ
˵ͷͽܼŮҲΪ۰ģʱ䲻ѵʱŶͶԣЧҲõġ
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ԣǲһ飬ЩȻȥ˲ǣڼǰرǳϧºͳǰȴʱıԡ
ӣȥĥһҲáȥȻ֪ôһӣҲӵĥһ
һ㣬뵹ǱȽͬģڽ޾ĥ£շҲʲôΣա
СѾͷ㵱һٶȼֱ˼ΪѾǻԪˣ˵ѾƵĲ㡣ϧ¿ڵ˵⿴һ۳롣
ϧµĿ⿴ţʱޱȣ˲֪ʮǵ£ûȵһ֮ԼŮȻȥˣΪҪǣһʶ
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ѾǻԪصΪǰҲǧǰ˿ռ䴩Ԫ紳ϧµ
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ԽǽӽޣѹԽ󣬵ܹһ㣬˵츳жǿˡ
򴳵ż֮ǰǷϳ½ǰϳڡϧͻȻ
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СȺʮ꣬ûܵȵЩԪǰصϳ½ֱ˲ִռͨԪ硣
ʮϳ½ǰħ֮Ҳֻ̽ϧûеõǵϢϾԪʵ̫ˣһЩʵǿĻԪ̫ˡߣԪ磬ڼƣ
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577 ϳ
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˭Ҳû뵽Ԫ磬ðˡ
ͺ񵱳ŵԮյԮϢһʵ̫ˡ
ϳ½ǰҲǸüһ΢΢ͷͬһСߣԪ綼໥ֵģֻߵøԶ
Ǻͳϧ¶ǰϳڣϳڣϧҲһЩ˽⣬ϳڽֻ⻹ϳ½ǰǸ˲С۲Žġ
һûκαͿɽС磬Լʵɲô׵ģοҵĵط
ЩǰոսԪ磬ʵǿܶߣ޷ռ䣬֮£ֻһЩһǿߣΪѪĹϵһЩʣµϳ½߱ϳڡϧ¼ֻһɲôףէʲôܵĹϳһȻΪǿڶ࣬ϵƣǻСϳȶ
־ʮķչڵϳڣϳΪǿҲֻǻԪصΪûյѪһߣڻԪ߰زյѪûյѪ޷ǿռͨصϳ½ЩϳڵҲһֱûлعϳ½ǲȥǸزȥ
û뵽ǵӾȻࡣ̾һȻײĻԪԪһֱ࣬ײĴڣȴû뵽ϳ½һȻҲò˶١
˶ôˣԪıӻܶߣ̤ԪֻܿԼϵƴȡϧɫƽ
ѰߣЩӵԪߣʵ̫ˣΪĹϵֻҪʵˣɾܼŵľӣͳշ޷ӣԽʹĻӣͬݲͣðա
ʵϣԪ磬ԪεߣΪңҲΪпģܶߣڻԪġ
һ·ռ䣬ܿǵִϳǹһŵһ¡ţӵλ񾳵򣬼һ֮УҲһš
ϳֻƿصҲֻзԲǧˣʵ̫࣬ûôĵطƿءϳΧΪʮĻۣӵС
ϳڣԶɽţ벻૵
ЩԪ磬ĴҲٵţϳڵĻɽ֮УֻһġȻϳڵķչ˳
ҲСԪϳ½ߣΪǿģҲֻǻԪذˣٶǻԪһصΪΪڶ࣬ǽһЩǿҪ֪̫ţ㲻ϣһԪص
ҲСߵȱڣûǰշսԪߣǺ𲽡
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ԶӰǽźͰ
˾򴳵ҵϳڵǰ֮ϳҲǾĵطżҲϳڵһε֪˵źͰ̳ӭӣǾ½ţð뼧ؾܹ̤ԪأһкܴĹϵ
룬ˡ룬ɿڵ
Ǻϳڵǰʱ򣬾֪ͨ˳ϧ£ֻϧʱĳڻǬĵչأ޷
Ϊϳ½ǿߣϳ½ǰļ棬Ҳ֮ء
ѾȺˣϽȥɡһԵĽЦŵ
ˣǽϳڡ

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ȷ˾ǵץסĽţ˵Ļ㱨̾
ϵĲƸһϦΪУмú͵ӣЩʵǿֻٴͶ£ǵʵ׾ͱɱ˶ᱦˡ
Ϊԣڤ˵ϢΪĳıҲûмðգǾס˳ǳ֮УȻңһЩµĳǳأǱȽϰȫġڵĳǳأ£ߴ֮һصǿߣǿߣţųϲˡ
ããû뵽ڳˡμѡ
Ѿȥǧʱ䣬ǧʱ֮УûнźǿߵϢڤ˵żϢҲǽȥ
еĳޣȴû˿ȥһֱѰǿߺͽŵټֻԪ̫ˣҪҵһԪߣ̸סѰǧ꣬ûҵŵϢû뵽һһȻʮɺϵļ˽ţһ·٣շֽŵϳڡ
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һţôʶ龳ǿߣüͷ΢΢һ塣
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зǿߣ׷ʵ
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ε˵ͷԴҲԤϣǽܹʶǿߣֻǻԵɺϣ⽣ţпܾϳڵߡ
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һмҲ
һξԲʧκףһץסţ˵ǿֻ֣һξԲصһεĸޣ뾡⡣
֪ͨȻǣһǳֱ֣´ˣγ
ʦҪ֪ͨǣԣæ
أţ¹ܹŵĹؼǱ£Ͷˣʲôôҡҡͷ
ѾҪǲˣνһչмΪ֮һĶۣҲ룬Ͼʵ˵ͻһɲõѡ
ֻҪţȴôףϾſһ֮ǰûܴл̤龳ŻΡˣʱڶѻָ̤龳ϣãһûʲôǱߣʵǿҲͰˣʵһ㣬Ż治ôں
αټԼµߣǰϳڡ
һ뿪ǳصʱϢҲ̳˳
δ뿪ˣ֪Ϣüͷһ֮ڳУΪζڤ˵ż˽⣬񾳵żҲʮĶ
ҪҪ˽νס׾ʿڵ
أﲢϣ˸ɣˡ
ǣ׾ʿӦ˳ȥ


578 Ѱ·
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Ȼϳڴʱ䲢ΪڵĻԪʮֵŽᣬ̶ʮʱ䣬ռһΧΪ
Щ꣬ϳҲǹͽֻϧһЩţͱǿߣϳЩȻҲһЩԪߣվ̫ͣûеŵǿߡ
ϳڼѷչʱϳڵߣһðյʱһλˣһλӦóԪˣ
ͨϳڵߣǵ֪ϳ½ߣѾܹԪ磬ǰ߲֮Уһλ龳ߡ
龳ߣǿǶĶǿߣĴڣλ˵еĳ룬ϳ½ǰǣҲǳ˺档һε֪ǰϳڼܹصڵĻԪߣˡ
İɣ»ǺзִģȻ˵λֵиǾͿ϶û⡣һ߳ɫԽŵЦ˵
̳ϣҵģЩǰʵЩ޹ⰡһЦ
ǱȳԪʮ꣬ǽԪʱһʮˣ˵ȳ뵱һ˴ǿö࣬ɾˣЩȫչһţǲһ󱲶ԴµĻҵ
˻һԵˣ¶˿ЦǽϳڣǼѵķչɳȴɼţͨݵļʹ̤龳
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һֱϳûʲôǿĿɽһжֻԼΣգŶƴʮΣգҲΣһλ龳ɽЩΣգ׵Ļ⡣
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ڴʱԶĵӰӶǰǽźͰˣһŮ
ˡ
ԽԽӣȺУһۣǿ˶Էв˼ɫǳ룬ǾȻͼֻǵʱǸ֪ϳ½һߡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿǰ
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һԵĳϧҲǿЩϳ½ǰʲôˣСߣԪǼΪŽᣬΪֻŽԪߵøԶ
ѣ֮ǰѾ޾ռڴʱǰ
޾գһ㶣һ¼ˣɻ⼸˲ǵո뿪Ԫ磬޾ǳʯʱһԵļԪ
ǡЩϲҲû뵽羹ȻôС޾գȻѾ
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˱ǽ޾˵˳һԣҲǸпѣԵ֣˺ͳ޾ռһ棬֮󲻾ãȻ˰
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ǱǿߴԪ磬Ϊܻܿصϳ½Ҳûʲôֻ˵˽Ԫ֮󣬴ſȥʲôطϾʱ½ֻʣ°ˣʱڣܽԪ硣ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ôȥȻûصϳ½ǳˡ
˻صϳڴǿʼΪЩߣ˵¼Ҳʮֵ
Ԫ֮У˼֮⣬ϳڣϳڵ߲壬Ҳһǿߡ
Щߣϳ½ǺպʱҲǸпѣϳ½ҲǷޱȣΪռͨ٣ϳ½Ԫռһϯ֮ء
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ܵһУ˵ɫһ䣬رϳڵߣɫѿ˼㣬챾ǽӴĴӣȴеϮǺݺݵϴһơҪ֪ΪǰΪڳ֮£ѾЩ޹⣬ʱ˴ţڳ͵ʱⲻֱӴ
ţ֪ϳڣٳϳڸᣡڴʱһŭ

źͳһۣﻺ³֣Σ
ǰͣȻǿɽɫЩȻ
˵ǸǲŶԣǿУǳϳڶǳǶҡҡͷڵ
Դӵ걻ץ֮󣬽űչ˴ռ䣬ϱ任òѾСˣû뵽٣ȻǱ¶˳
ѣ¼Ȼģɡ뵭ȻһЦһǴӴ֮ʧ
νڤżϢǸ˲С鷳һֱ鷳ֻԪ̫һζأҲҵԷȴû뵽ûȥΣηˡ
һҪԼǰϳڣεʵϳڻ׶༪ˣ
ȻԼǿɾͱˣɱ⡣
ಡಡ
ɽ˼״Ҳ˲ӳ˴ȥ

뿪ʱѾֱӱ任òϢȻаնɱΣһԷߣ깥Ȼ뿪Ҳ̫ԶնɱԷ
ţûǿߣҿôӣǴڵĽţζʱЦһΣһλǰˣʵĶǻԪΪ֣ȫԶԸϳ
Σ㵱ܵĽѵڴʱһͻأ
ǺˣҲҺ˵μ룬ʱŭһԪصߣȻҲǿ
ʲôˣܿͻ֪һЦһǳ˴гһһ½⻮
ۡۡ
ζߣӦǱǿ½նɱһѪ
㣬㡭ɫһ䣬һֵĿų룬ʱĳòϻָ˲ǻָ˱ĿϵϢҲǴﵽһزΡ
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ҵ£Ͳˣˡ뵭
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֪֮ǳĶֻ֣ӣһӵֵϢʱȻ龳Ը롣
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ǡܵɢһ˿첨ϧµͫײһ˲ǻָ
һԵɽ˿һĻȴȫǵɴ˫ۣ򴳵꣬Ҳûм龳ǿߣ龳ǿߣնɱԪصߣҲúķһЩʱ䣬Ȼγ֣ǽλԪ˲նɱ
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һʱ䣬˿Ŀ֮Уһ˿η֮ɫ


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Ԫ紳꣬Ҳٵǿߣǻ֮أǿɱǼҳ㷹ȴû龳ֹ߽
һλ׾ܸϳڵǿߣڳǰֻȫǺεȿµʵ
һ̣ɽ˶ޱȵңǰλǿߣϳһǿߡϳ½һԼǿߡ
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ѣ롣ɽæ
һߣҲηĽӭ˽ȥ
ڳ뿪Ƭ̺ϳ֮⣬һӳ˰֮С
ξȻˣһȣһ·ΣǰϳڣԭôͻȻǰϾε֮ǰŲûʲôӴ̸ϳԹ
ֱνгŵʶǰȻΪ˵λԪߡ
ΣȻ˴˵٣ΪλҪüͷ΢壬еԾǣǶγֵߣȻ˲նɱΣҲ޷һ㡣
ѵǡǰһ⣬֪ͨͨ˳
޴ǳ֮УΪͻȻյţǴϵϢɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
Ƶõڤϳڳ֣Ѿ䣿ɫһæŵǣ뿪̸
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ԭֵĴ㣬һԼټ˽ȥͰȫˣûʲôջҲǷһ顣
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ڤˣȷһλߡ֪⣬Ҳ΢΢˵ͷ
һֿţܹõ޵񾳣ҲǼٵġڤ̤񾳰ˣȴܵõĳޣȻĲ֮
¥㵹ǲ̫ģ¥£һŵͻõһӦĿĵĽżȻ˵ǱûãġӦò̫ĳͻ浭
˻Ҳһ
Ͼ¥һνһռõʵ̫ˣȻԣɱ˻¥ȫԲԼֶԸ롣
¥Ѿ˳ŵɳлʮֵĻɣһҲǴеĹǡ
Ѿ龳ΪҲ޾մһΣʲô㣿Ŀڳϣʵ
Ӵһʱж¼ʹȥ޾մһƬ̺󣬲ǿڵ
ԣ΢΢˵ͷһļʹǻԪصߣ龳ļʹ٣ΪԪص߻Ҫǵ龳ΣǾǶһˡ
龳ҪôһҪô޾մŵĥ£ҲŵĹֻΪ뵣εļʹʱ̣̤ܶ龳ûж¼ʹְλ
˵㽫Сһͨݣж¼ʹСһķչЩڵһʱļʹΪ̤أΣͨݵѲʹ룬ǿڵ
ǡ˵ͷ
ΪϾ̫뿪Ԫ̫Զһεſ˵ҲüμӡѲʹȻ󣬲ȴǲҪ¶һΣһȨܴȴɢְλҲʺϳϳһͨݵķչ
Ԫʦָ㣬龳ʦܹİޣ񾳣һоֻܿԼˡ浭
ǡ΢΢ͷ˳ȥ

ſ˾ڼͬʱʮݸפ֮С
ʦôǲеְŮһԵӣС˵
֣ƲƲ죬ⲻǹ֣Ǹ⹫һϲμſˣҲ⹫⣬οû˵һҪȥͨݡ
ŮӲǱˣʦ
㲻ã⹫ܿɶ𣬵ôѣ㵽ڣûͨʼ
ǵǣ⹫껹ǿ˵ǰ㣬ƺʦ壬˵⹫ʦ㻹пһ
ԣǲɺݺһ顣
ȻԸϣȴ֪ʱĳ룬ȴǿڶƵ㣬ûġ
ңҸоʦμſˣôĥ£Ǹ⹫鷳òǻ⹫㴳Ƶļ¼ɣͻȻ
ôᣬʦ𣿡ԣ̵ɴ˫ۣæ
ǡĵ˵ͷָҼǵϴ޾մи龳ǣ˼ȫܴߵĶˣ龳ȻֻܹзУϴΡ
ͣĻӶ죬ÿĶ浱ͺĸоˡ
񣬼ͣʦȥʦˡδ䣬Ѿʧ
Сܵ죬ҽ̤񾳣ôܣһ
ʦ㣬ʦ𣿡ڴʱ⴫һ
ʦܣɡ񵭵
һ߽ڣֻʣһˣɿڵʦ㣬ʦأ
ʦ뿪ˣʲô飿򣬵
ʦǰ֪ͨʦ㣬ǾˣʦҪҪһβߵһЩ鱨С
м״ӣ츳Ϊߵһλ񾳵ǿߣҲһλ״ӵ£ŵӰˡǰλʦµĵһ״ӻǲһЩΪֻǻԪҲùĽʦ㡣
ˡƲƲ죬һεĿˣʮĵģ˵һò£Ҳ̫ˡ
ô£û뿪üͷһ
ʦ㣬⹫ˡС
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬æ飬û˵ȥɣ
ȻʦԸ飬ô˵ȥæ
˵ͷǾͺãͲùˣ£ʦš
һ飬˵Լʦĺ𣿻˵ƺҲӹ棬Ȼһ˲һţʦͽˣֱһа
Ҳ֪룬ô죿Цһ˳ȥ

Ȼ֪һУ֪Ѿſˡ
ʱţһתۣѾǵ˾ӡ
Ϊͨݵļʹһͬϯ˾յĻ᳡ɫ΢΢һ䣬ǲɺݺһ顣
СѾͷˡһڵħѪʹﵽħһĲΣȻܹܵϵѪϢ
ڸո᳡ʱͷ
ϵܣôˣһԵע⵽һ㣬ɲ
ûʲôֻһˡҡҡͷ
ԶĴȺ֮УΪϢ任òԭ򣬾ߣǲϸܷ̽ĴڣʮݵĲһǧˣ˭עһͨߣ
СѾͷӵǲСȻҶμſˡڴʱĶߴһϤ
⹫ɫһ䣬ѾСˣû뵽Ǳ뷢ˡ
⹫ôҵģСĴ
͸㣬ǳҵѪЩ⣬ħ㵹ûô
ΪѪûдﵽħһĲΣħ¼붼޷ڸħһ岻֮أֻܴڸħһ塣ԭѪŨȼߣħɱħѪкܴϣġϧСѾͷȴûгⷽ淢չ
ȾҾʦ⣬⹫ȥæ
ԣǲһ飬ǲŰ
ԭ̤񾳣ͲǵƵǰ㣬̵ľȴ֪ȻǵǰѵԸԼҪȥ¶ñһ١
ߡһѾͷ
ĽûгԤϣ룬ѰĶ֣ɾͱùھΪҪǣȡֽгͣóͷ۲ѣһЦĿȻʱ򣬱˳;ʵʵʵ̫ߣԶѰߣ׾ܱϳ˵Ŀ֪ѡ
ϵܣѾͷǲ̫ˣô׷ͨݵĲߴ򰡡Цá
ѾͷҲ֪˵ЩʲôȻףôȫΪ֮ǰԼҴ
ĻͬһĻΪǸ̨սųϣͨݵĳĿⶼֹһεĿ


584 ٻ
չ¶츳˿ڵĳݼˣţ̨ϵųϣôܲĶ
ֻǵҪͽʱȴǱ֪Ȼĵӡ
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ųȻİǿ̤鼫޵ĴڣڶѾ̤ˡ
ĵӣȻʲô뷨
οԸǶʮֵλ¿ɾƣһλ˭ҲԸĴڡ
ƫƫһǰǿߣɵκſˣȴʲô˵ҲҶǲ
ǸԣҲǨŭǲŭȻϣ˭ûһЩھ֮Ц
עҪܶ෽ŭᣬƫƫпû˵
ΣԲĻȻĻĺǹ죬Ϊõһĳ͸ûͽǵڶص㣬һڲ߶һãȻΨһЩ֪ߣЦȥҲ˵ơ

Сӣոջ͸ǳô飬һεĿˣ漰Ÿ飬ҲֵġһŭĿǰ
ȻμſĥһΪʱûа£Ҳûʵڵʵμſˣֱ۸ˡƫƫΪĹϵȻЩųϲ˵ʲôɲû
ʦҲĺ󱲣Ӧò°ɣٺһЦ
λμſô򵥰ɣ
Դ̤񾳺󣬾;ԪܴٳţҲϾ̤֮ԪܶûʲôΣգĴĥ£ҲȹΪ
ʦӢæ
ƨ˵˶Էһۣ
ԣЦݣڵӴһʱ䣬ȥμλµĿˡ
˻һ棬ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬Ƭ̺󣬲ǿڵӦ֪λµĿˣɲôס
˵ͷȻһ㣬ȴͬʮףҪߵøԶμλĿˣͨλĿˣõĽκһĽԴ
Ϲ֮սԪͨ˵߶Ǽ٣һʱ֮УҲʮ˰ˡ滺
Ԫ񾳵ߣλһʱҲֻʮͨˣǿǺεȵѣ̤񾳵ߣһλ츳׿֮˭ûһЩԵܹģҲֻʮ֮һˡ
Ŵ꣬ͨ˵ģҲֻˣͳ죬Һֻͨʿ̾һ
΢΢ͷλǿµĿˣǺεȵѣȻɾҲԸȥԣϾǹĻԵκ񾳶ȥ޾ѰһԵһĻԵѾǺܰȫˡ
ԣȷѵõĻᣬŸո̤񾳣ºͨλµĿˡ浭
ӴʵȹһЩ֮ȥóʱ䣬̵һ񡣡Цŵ
ͷȻΪʦͨ˿ˣֿˣȴûʲôãĿˣҪԼ
ȻҲһ㣬ãҲоָһʵΣָѾСΪȥλµĿ飬ȻǻȫԼλӡ

֮󣬳ҲǼڳλĺ󱲣ǺܿõģҪ֪ڵĳ룬ǱȵҪҫۡ
صͨݣǿʼչأΪڤż֮׼ʱ¥ԴҲͨݡ
ЩԴһЩܹΪĵرϾǳ뻹ǳϧ£Ϊϣһνڤż߶ԣԵ˲١
һתۣǧʱȥΪҲһؼ޲ΣϧµΪҲ̤Ԫأ˵ʵ˲С
ոճأ̱Ǽæ֪ͨ¥Ҫ˵¥ߣһٶ֮ǰѾͨݣΪһֱչأǸ޷롣
¥ߣֱӿżɽǵԼǧ껹һǧʱ䣬Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
Ѽ£ǰʵвòɡһЦ
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һü˵Щڤżֵ֪ˣ
Ҫ֪ڤ˵żѰ龳Уֻһͨż֪ڤ˵ףڤ˵żԲͨżɱȡ
ǵģ֮ǰٻ֪ϢɳһЩߣǿƣգ¥ʱ棬Ƶԣ²Ÿһ䡣ӿЦ
ٻһ۷¥֮£һΪǿţҲѹ֪ڤż⣬
ƣ¥УһڵУٻȻ֮£Ҳֻõӿڵ
ңӦûʲôϵɣüͷһԶû̫Ĺϵǰٻ¥ûǵӸֱܵͨе
£͵йϵӿ˳һۣһЦ
йأ
üͷһ壬ЩɻĿӡ
ʵеǸֻǽԣʵǸǶӿڵ
ɫ΢䣬Ҳû˵ʲôϾҲὫԼŵ߾ۼһ˵¶ԳԣҲûʲôǶֻһصʵͳһ𣬶Գ˶ԣǸӰȫ
ҲΪʲô¥ԭȴóеǶﻻ˹ȥ
ֻǵֻԣһû뵽ڰٻ֮£ֱӽ׸˰ٻӿЦ
˼˵ȥ֮УһٻߣüͷһɫЩѿ
Ͼ֮ǰ¥ԣö֣һ¥ߣǽһҲ⣬˻ٻǿߣȴܲںˡϾߣвͳϧµˣ
ǰٻߣŵߡ΢΢ҡͷٻŽһ
˻ɫʱޱѿԼеһٻȴ֪飬ߣȻŵģſЩìܣһλǿߣɫܺÿŹ֡
ѣҲ֪ûдãԵһʱ͸˹ͬʱ¥ŵż֮УǼı֮⣬¥ΪѳһΡӿڵ
¥治͡һЦȻ¥µ̬ȲɳȴȻֱƭ˵ĸоֻѾԣ޷ڣ¥Ȼûʲôɫ
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585 ʾ
ʲôʱҲҪǰɫޱѿĿӡ
һЩ仯˵ЩԤϣ뵹ҲܽܣϾһȥǿߣԵ¥ˣ˶ܹв롣ʱǰһóȴǱЩԽܣϾͳϧµΪߣץʱΪҲΪ˱żڵİȫʱǰǷǳĲ
ʵڹż飬ѾʼǳƵԣѾ۷ʵ֪ϢϾ£֪ԽԽãҲ֪ԣ񵱳νϢֻСΧЩ˼֪ڤ˭ʱһһЩ۷ʵ֪Ϣ˳
£¥ҲΣȻԸⰴԼǧżһóλţȡҪıֶΪǰٻ֣Ϣйļ¥Ҳòƻǰ
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ǾͿ϶һͬ⣿ЦԭǴͻȥżʱ̣ûжʱͻء
ѣ²һܾģȻʱ䣬Ҳʱ䣬˭áɫ
üͷһЩ۷ʵȻԼȴҲԼϾκһ۷ʵڵʱ䣬þͱ٣һЩھԶ۷ʵʱ䶼ų
Щôܾһߣ۷ʵΣѾһܹ㸲ԷҵģǸζǲ𣬲𣬺εϡ٣ǸΣҲһ񾳲εˡ
ȫһʹãڿľΪҪ˵ʲôʱת䣬ʱͲ˼ϣǳȥˡ
ϣȻǲҲ̫ΪҪǣ¥Ͱٻɵţ۷ʵɵţһЩɲʲôʵעǱһ
ҿԴӦʱ䣬ǧ겻Уǧ꣬ڱչأʱڿ޷ءϾ֮ǰǧ꣬Ҷ׼չǧֻ꣬ƿųصġ뵭
ȻӦʱ䣬ɳ뻹ȡһʱ䣬ϾʱڶǶʮֵҪһЩʱ䣬żҲаա
Ҳ֪龳ߣչض㣬ñչصʱ䣬һУҲǿб˼ҳأ˫˺Ƥˡ
ǧ̫ǧꡣ룬ڵ
Ҳ̫ȳ룬뽫תָǿߣɾδô˵ˡ
ǧǧ꣬ϣһʱϲʲô仯
ģһξԲκαʡӵͷżߣԣֻгͬûԣԭٻҲҪȳԵġ¥֮£ûҪ£Ͼ¥Ҳ֪ĸô³ĻὫתˡ
ҵʵվ̫ˣ¥ǰٻţ¶Ϊɵźʦ𣬲ûֱӶҶ֣ʵϣʱ򣬶ûС¥ߣ벻ɿЦһ
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ܹǲλ߽Уռ˽żߵһ룬ܹõ¥İֻһΣڹؼʱ̣Ҳܾ
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˵ͷǴռ䣬ԤļϵȥԼżʮˣڽеϵ㣬Ȼǰż
һ·ռ䣬˺ܿǵִԭԤļϵ㣬Զ¥ߣȴѾǵˡ
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ٻŮڶ࣬ҲǱȽټһŮΪţٻʵȴǼǿΪҪģЩŮӻвʵǿİ£һСš
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ҵ˭ԭ裬ôĶ겻ôһɣ֣ˣ
ҪҲżҵǺڴĽ֡ԣһ˵
Ŀ˳˵ϣ΢΢һ£ЦŵλؾĸͽɣȻ
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ϵܣɱ֣ԣҰٻǼΪÿ͵ģҲԣżڲ֡Ц˵
ЦٻգӲԭļƻԣ֣ǸһЦǰٻ¥ǳνýż¶Թ˲ϾڶԷһһؼ޺ͻԪؼ޵ߣûʲôвȻ⡣ǳ벻ʶǣǿ϶ҲһЩѵٻνԳϣ¥ûʲôɱԡ
ǾͶлˡ׻˵ֲЦˣȻвмɱȴҲٻ
΢΢ͷŮԡ
С룬СŮӣѾϧµڳ
ɫ΢䣬ɫĿŮһۣҲǾѹְٻ֪¥ռ˽ż״̬֮£ȻҺ¥һ֮УȻĴڡ


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ٻˣΪأһصߣޱȿֲĴڡ
ȻǿֶΣɼҲԿ϶ԼλŮӣǱɱķݡҪ֪ʩչ깥Ӱ쵽ǸΣǿʩչ깥˲꣬ҲԿܵ޴Ӱ죬϶ԷΪԼ׾١
ϧȻϵĳɾͱŮӸߣΪվ̫Ҫɱ³ϧҲҪ·硣
¥ͰٻҶбȻǲ֣ҲûбҪǡ봫
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ߣȻЩΣգɳͳϧ˶깥ֶΣһߣǻ治ϡ
裬СĳǸŮӣЩ򵥡ŮӴ
򵥣һ㶣һԪصߣ㲻ΣԽ׶սնɱΣҪ֪һǰߣ˳ˣصΪѲ˻вǲɣ
ҪѰ˵˻¶̳ԷŮ˵ĻȴǲòϣСľ衣ΪŮӿǿߣڰٻĵλԶԶܹģҪһΪǼڶŮΣյĵط
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ѣλǣĿڳϧԣЦſʵ
ӣϧ¡ڳѯʲûие֣ϧȻĳɾͼߣΪ̫ŮӷһЩͬѰҲ
˻˶һ㶣ڳ룬ǵ˽⣬Ͼǰ£ʱ䣬Ѿ龳Ϊµ츳ԪҲǼΪټġҲǲԸԭ򣬲ȴǴδ˵뻹һλӡ
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Ľλп
˴Сʱһ·̤龳ģԪҲǺٵġ
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һЦ˻ǲ٣ٻŮ߱߻࣬ˮ¥̨ȵ£а£Ȼδ̤龳Ҳš
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ŮӸҿ϶ʾܽżҪʲô죬ѿһ
ϧܽȻ֪һУʵҲңһԪĳϧ£ȫˣһԪߣֶܺɱԷ
ʱţܿһһλҲǸϵ˼ϵ㡣
ʮλߣʱǾۼһ
ȻѾ룬ɡ֣ڣʮ˻Ӱڤżڵλ÷˹ȥ
ʮһ·Уʮǵִڤµż
λȡǵżԶ֪Ȼǽȥ֣ڵ
Ҫ۶ż˽⣬¥һ¥ռ飬ϺǶһ飬綼֮һ

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ȥһĻˣȻʯΪһ壬׵Ļһ壬һ̣ʯֱӴмѿ¶һʯȡ
ֻʹһΣ֮ٴγԪ֣˵š
˻ҲǸпѣǰƴСǲʶ̽ᷢ⣬ټԪ磬Ҫҵ̸ף
һλۿڤ˵żȴǲ֪Ƕ֮飬Щ龳ߣܷʱ򣬶δ֪
ʯǰУ˺ܿǴʯȣһ֮УֻǴ֮Уһ񣬽ֻǵȴɢһǿޱȵƣǵ֮ǰǸܵһޱȿµѹ
ǡǵ˵ɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
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ǣӭҵżʱѾ֪̤꣬񾳣꣬ȻˣҲԪЦɡӰ˵š
֮͸ŵһ˿įȴ׵ĸо
񾳵ߣԪǰʮģεȵĶݣɽֻǰ꣬ڤȴˣ˵ڤ˶ӦûȹΪѣ
ȻˣԵ౦лᣬȻܹõȻҲĳЩһֱ۲ı϶вˣǳǼɣģҲǼżҪõûô򵥡ӰЦ
˻֣ͳ϶Ƕһ˿֮ɫǽżΪǼǿĶı
һ֣˵ӣ֪ڤ˿еı¾֣˽żԭ
±޳ŲϣҪõҵıҲôסӰδ䣬ҲѾɢ

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һԭʲôϧôһ˵Ƿ֣ЩԾҲȥǿߵżεµĵطȥΣɻûʲô񣬱Ͼ󷨶ܻЩȫûбҪ
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˱ڵѰܿǵҵһε󷨣עԪ󷨶ʱʧһöŷ˵ǰ
ϲ㣬Ȼҵҵʾŷ֮УһϢ
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ǵȱڤԸ⣬һλ۷ǿߣ¶õԷ飬ȴżȻûи˵Ĵ㡣׸ߺߡϧ̾һ
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ڤŷ֮зᵽϸᵽǼﲻ紫ԵıҲ²⣬²ôۣҿܱ濴Σա
ϧһ˵ͷڤԲ׽Ǽｻȥ϶Ū̫ۣһ׾ͱ˷ˡڤڵŷ⣬Ҳȫ


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ȻӰֻûԼ˼ά֪ѡ˳żµֶΣȻɱѡ˳ߡ


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ϵܣֻҪԸְǣ벻ɣżڵõıﶼԹ㣬ǳˣ񾳵ĳϳŵǷһ顣֣æ
Ȼ֣ĳʮ㣬˫ֻǺϵȻΪ˱ǣУǱ飬δ
ϵܣЩﶼ㣬ֻҪƬ̡һϢʱԡ֣벻ΪֱӽϵĴָ˳롣
֣ҪˮкǲѾУ֣Ȼһ£
ţӵǽָɫȴ΢΢һ䣬ָϣûӡǣֱӲ̽ǽָڵı
ǡ̽ǽָڵĶͫȴ͵һǽָı֮УһƬ


594 
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˵ͳϧһ·ѰңڤµϢҵƬ飬ǲ²ֹ֮УΪƬ֣ȡߣżæǶֹϾ¥Ͱٻעһ˫ߣصĴڣͳϧһ룬ʮֵΣա
˵ôһЩĲƬ֣˵õʵϣȴЩΪȻ֮ǰֹǵֹĲƬˣ˵ǴĿѰңܷ֡
֣˵ʵȻǿ󣬿ǽżǴѪԪ°ǵ뷨ǹ֮Ϊıֹ֮Уǿ¶ϸ̽ϾʲôѪԪ
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ѪԪ۷߷ıرѾõƬôܷŹƬһƬ϶֪Ǳڣ
ڣ鼸ѾʧĲƬֱӻصУͳ֣֪ܶƬĴڡ
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ʲôƬϧҲһЩš
Ͼ֮ǰĲƬǵõĶף˵֣Ҳô׵õŶԣ˭뵽֣ӳĽָ֮УȻ̺ı
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Ůŭһһɿµ겨ӿԭҪֵѪԪͻȻһ֣ܲŭ

ͻȻһԳϧµﴫʱµ겨ͬ籩һϯŮڵİٻɫ͵һ䣬Ůӻܱ֮⣬Ůӣԭء
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ϵܣֺαذ¥¥ҰٻԸ˫迴룬ڵ

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˵֮䣬֣ѾǽѪԪĽƽ⣬Ԫյ˴ָ֮С
ϵܶл֣мʱڳǰķŵ̬֮ǰΪ츳ǱͱһΣȴΪ޶˵ʵ˵ʵʸЩصƽƽ
Ц֮ǰǻٵóϧ½ż˼Ǹ֪ϧµĿ¡˵ҪǳϧԸ⣬Ϣɱˡ
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֪֣ᣬȻ˵ƣϾǲƬ¹شһй¶˭Ҳסǡ


595 
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ϵܣżıﶼڤ˱ϾֻǸո̤񾳵ߣΪҲѪԪǵѾɣǾ뿪ˡ֣ڵ
˻һԵĳɫ΢΢һ䡣
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֪ٻΪ˽ڤ˵żǸ˲СĴۣŵõĸǴʱżȴʲôҲûõʧν
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ֹֻһ󷨹ɵġ뵭
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˵һ֣˵õѪԪҲףջģδǣϾѪԪɲԼõģΪһλ񾳳ȡá෴ɨ˵ֹֹ֣һݱ˳롣ۼջ񣬷ǳջ
һ¥ʧͬСżһˣʱȴֻʣ˻ţҪǳҪõѪԪǲܵ顣

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ϵܣǾһˡ֣΢΢һЦֱʧǺɫ֮УǸһߣȻҲǵĳǨŭˣϾ˽ɱֶΣ̫һЩ
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ߡŮӿ˳һһۣһͳ˷ɿʧںɫ֮С
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ٻ֮뿪ҲͬĴ㣬ǾѪԪڳУҲ˵ܲɱ˳ˣɱˣ¥϶ὫϢɢȥʱ˭ҲȲǡ
ǵƬǴָڵĵƬȡƬǲȱԣ̿ʼں
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Ƭ׵õģǲƬʵ̫ˣϸģֲܷƬõƬû֮ǰڤµϢҲ޷֪ǲƬǸʲôõģ˵ͨԪƬӵˡ

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һںϺĲƬüͷһںϵĲƬаƴСǲƬģȴȱһָ׸ǴСĶȻƬܳ׵ںϳŷ
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˵ͷ֮ǰµŷǷɢĲƬʵϣǺԵģֻҪϸҵһ飬鶼Ʋ·ΧѰҲ׺ܶġ
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˵ǲƬڣϧüͷһǰĵ񣬿ڵ
ڵڣһʼǲƬͰǵǰ΢΢һЦһ̣˵۾
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⡭ϧ¿һĻҲסˣҲòڤˣ³ϣȴйɿѭţǲͻȻ䣬ϧ¶Կ϶Էл

ڵĲƬǲȱŷ룬ʱںգ֮䣬Ѿںϳһŷ
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ߣϲǴŷȻܹõĿƬҲԵǼ񾳵ߣԷıһʵǡӰ֮Уڤ˻ڵ
ǲǺܺ棬ǵʲôڤһЦпǵȷһ˲ıԭҶԣĻԵϧݻԵȴܲҪҵ
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ѵǱʲôǿ߷֣᣿૵ܿҡҡͷҪıʲôǿ߷Ǽڤ˸֮ǰȵĻȥҲڤ˲Ǳɱ
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ϧԣɾһ
ʲôǵȴЩãȻû˵ʲô
νǲǿʹõı£һ㶼ʹԪһѪԪʹõıǵϧ¿ڽ͵
һЩΪȻϾֻǲݵʹõıֵҲ̫ߡ


596 ɽ
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ҪƵޱȵѣһܹƵĴڣڲ֮У۷弶ĴڡһЩ½Ĳݵ𣬶ûе
һȻԭãҲֻǱѪԪһЩˣڿô򵥡̶ȣԶѪԪǿһĲ𣬶޷ӵе
֪ѪԪɱʲôεϧ¿롣
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ѪԪϽɱ䣬ǵϧ΢΢ͷʵϣܹɱɵģȴǼ٣ܶ񾳾Ϳʼںϣǵ̤벻꣬Ҳ޷ѪԪɱ䡣
ѪԪҪɱ䣬ʮѣһ㣬֮ǰ֪֮УâɵµĴ͸߹ҪѪԪɱ䣬̫ˡ
Ȼ֪ѣɳҲû뵽ȻѣѪԪɱ䣬ߴһ·𣬶޷
ֻȻϡ󣬿Ҳֻһѡĺôɲֹһ㣬̺֮ع񾳵ߣȫԽеعԼܹգ̤벻𣬶о޴İϧ¸п
ع򣿡һƺЩףΪʲôƣֻв۷εǿߣƣҪع뵽֮кεѡһ㾳̫͵ߣ޷
ͺһԪһصߣһԪصߣǰ߽Լڵ֮ϵĸΪոĶǶǣûԪص߽⣬ǶԷĵø򣬶ֱָıʡ
ǽЩĵ֮ʣֳ߽֮еعҪع̤벻׶ˡ˵һһλڵǺεȵ
ļֵԶԶǲ𴫳пɱȣнֻȴǽ·ǰֻҪ߾ˣȴҪϵϧ¸̾
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΢΢ͷҪ̤벻ʵ̫ˣһϣ׵ķοɲһϣô򵥣ĵͺһԭͼһɾͼȶɾĵطѶȿɱֱӽһɾͼԭԭͼ֪Ҫɶٱ
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ܹͻƲı֮УΪģֵֵЩԽ̵Ҫ
ÿ˶ڵԼ⣬ǵ֮еĵȴĹع򣬶ΪķͬԽ̵Ҳ᲻ͬعʺˣĽ̵ȴʺߡ
ҵع֮⣬ҲһΪµıߵʵ޴ı۷߷ĶһЩ𶼿ܲС
ϧڤ˵õȻˡҲ̾һ󵽣ʱڤǺεȵĲģǿıɸոյõȻˡ
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ɽͼ֮мصģΪΣյĵط֮һעṳ̂񾳣Ͻ롣
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޾մͨһʱշ϶ȴͻȻɽ۷ߣΣգҶΪԼˣû뵽Ҳõ˵ڤ˵Ӱ˵ּھҪ뿪ɽʱ򣬾ȻһֹĶأֶأ㲻𣬶δؿס
˵Щʱ򣬳˶ܸоڤԳɽΣգɹˣҲõˣۿҪ뿪ΣյɽɾȻжˣһһֱĶء
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֪ڤˣǵɽΧԼԻصԪ磬ٶǵϢڶ֮С
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ڤ˵ż֮УȴûʶȻǿµĶأڤ˸޷ʶ£ҲܿɢʶʴĶأвǿߵĶˡڤҲǹùģһĶأӰ죬ҲӰ쵽ʶҾδ۴ڤѪԪĴڣҪƣҲѡ
ֻڤ˵ʱʵ͵̣޷ƽĶأڤԪ
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΢΢ͷǺεȵǿߣ޾֮УҪ־ηʱ̾裬һСģͿ䡣
֪ǵڣҲûмĴ㣬ڤż֮УΪҲѪԪ͵صλãѾûıҪ

ص˵Σʧ˺ɫ֮С


597 ݻ
ͨɫͨˣֱӻصԪ硣ܲû¥ͰٻߵټȻҲѾ뿪
Ҳڶֱ˺ѿռ䣬ȥ
һڤ˵ż֮Уǲջһż֮еõ˴ĵҩĵرΪҪǣ˻õ˵ĵص㡣
΢һ飬Ƿ֣һڤ˵ż֮УԪڣЩҩĵرֵƷԪ
Ҫ֪ʮˣΪһԪ֣ʵϣûҲһǧԪˡһνֻһðգջļֵԶԶԽԪˡ
ѹôߣ龳ϲԪ磬һʲôı̫ˣܹõҲøСĴۡһЩżؾҪȡĵرסпһ
ȻҲףһڤû̫ĽƣһλߵżԲɾ̽ɡ
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ıŷһЩԪεĵҩǸϳһߣҲвٽ̷ʹĻŮϾͳϧ£һĵҩѾûʲôЧ
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ΣҪǳСѺӳ֣һΣѪԪ֣˶޷õɽҡҡͷ֣ӦҿŵֻҪвҵԸһΡ
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С磬ΪȻͿַʽȻС磬չƣٳС磬һʼޱȵƣЩƵĹߵɳЩСɳߣǱܴ
ƴ½ܹչһһС磬ΪС磬һλǿ߿ٳ
λǿ˭Ĳ²⣬λǿߣӦǵϹŴս֮ǰľǿߡǷţǶһ֪Ȼ֪ǿǷߣȴޱȵһٳС磬ԲѰСɱȡ
С磬еǿߵĿܣȫܹ׳ŵ
Σ׷ͻƲ𣬿ʵ̫ˣҲֻʥαˣһĶǶϣվֻܰһʱ޷һС粻ͬƴ½ǿΪɽԴͽȥƴ½ͲһСܹ͵ˡ
ϧºͳ츳ǱȻߣǲ̤벻Σվ䣬ڵС緢չͿԶԶϵΪѪҺ֤ܹڵøá
˶νţ治ر⣬ǸȴͳϧŵС硣ǼһӣȻҺ˵츳չ¶츳ޱȡ
Ըȥ飬Ҫ⴫濴ڵ
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ʹ߲٣ȻܵµѹǸ֪ô£Ͼܶߣ֪׽ٵĴڣ˵ǻˡλ棬ϢҪȻޱȵɡ

˯ˣ·Ǹ޴꺣󣬰֮ӿ뵽Ӥ֮УܸоӤϵĳɳ
֮Уһֻ޴۾һУһΣ۾ûڷŭļ󣬿Ŀ֮У͸ŹдȰ·ڿԼĺһ㡣
ԣе鶼ƽȵģĺӣӵƤͷ֮󣬱ɻָĸ׵Ľɫ
ĺ֮Уһ˯Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãٴʱѾǾ֮
ҾȻ˯˾죿ЩţϾԪߣ˯Ϣӱ˯Ͼˡ
ˣ֪ǻ١ĳ룬ҡҡͷ
٣һ㶣治֪ʲô٣Ͼϲûصļأ֮ҲûС
⵹ħһţʵܹٵʵ̫ˣڣһ棬ûʲô̫
ǽٵ˵һ꣬Ǹϵһ£ҪԼͷʩչħһ깥ַɫ׽֮£䡣Ҫ֪һǰֵ˴󲿷ֵɫ׽ٵܣΪܻ׽١
С֪Ƕô˰ɣ治֪ʲôȻŭ𡣡Ц
ڨڨһЦȻ֪Լʲô꺣֮з֮ŭ
Ͻ̽һԼ꣬˵ٿ£ɹ٣ôҲǼֻ֮࣬ϣԶѰ߸Ӽ͡Ц˵
ĸĺôʤֻķͺߵһܹͣܵܣҲǸǿ
ֻ΢̽Ǹо˻ٴúܺôҲԼɹ׽ʮֵĽңħһ֮ϵĹֶΣһɻٶɡħһߣкܴΣգҪ֪ǵõ˳ϧλͻǬĽ⣬Ȼոʵϣ⣬ԶѰ֮ϣҲΪʲôܹ꺣֮֮Եʡ
Ҫ֪֮ἰʱ꺣֮е֮ǻᴥ٣ħһ岻ûмءҲ˵ֳǲֵģҲΪʲôûἰٵԵʡ
ħһõ˼ޣ׷Ȼ٣ɳ벻һϾǺõħһѪģ֮УĻǱ߶ԵĲ򡣽ֻħ֮ѭħһ֮Ӷϵľ磬ͳԽѰħһߡ
֮ʱŭȴֿħһսʽ⣬ԼҲǸпѡ
ħһ壬ǽһ·ߵµ壬ѹܹ޾֮УǼΪǿ塣
ħһܹϹڵԭİɡи̾һ
Ҫ֪Ϲ֮սǿǬ̳ǿߣˣħһ壬ȴǿµս֮лҳΪһʥأħһĿ¡
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Ҳһɡ濴һԵĳϧ¡
ϧҲһ㶣һۣǿ˶ԷеԻ֮ɫ

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ո̤ǿռѷ֮Уͳϧµɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊһռ֮ͨС
С磿ʦôȥС磿ЩƣռͨǺϳ½ǰԪĿռͨһȻһռͨǰСͨ
һԵĳϧҲЩƣϾСعѹƣһʵǿߣԸУ񵱳صϳ½ΪͱѹڻԪأСҲһһ߽Уᱻѹơ
ʵǲڿռͨУȻҲǼ죬̶һҵʱ䣬˱ǳ˿ռͨ
عѹƣǲЦһ
⡭ôᡭҵΪɫȴ͵һ䣬Ϊ֣ΪȻѹ˻Ԫһء
СعѹƣΪ̫ǿ߽С綼ᱻѹƣɽֻѹڻԪضѣڣΪȻѹ˻Ԫһأô


602 ǲ
ΪȻѹڻԪһأô£ֻǳ룬ԵĳϧҲѹڻԪһأϧϵûо֮ɫƺԴԤϡ
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ǰΪĿϣȴɵˣЩŵĿŶԷ
ΪΪȻǻԪء
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СعһӰɡ浭ǵΣС磬ΪҲᱻѹڻԪһأȻʵ׾˺ѿռ䣬޾գΪȻָ
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һԵĳҲǷɿĸȥͳϧҲǺ棬ƴ½ʲôϾΣСʲôܹǿ۵ġ
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Ҫ֪ϳ½֮УδܹһλԪߣʮ꣬ãôһλԪߵ
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Ͼ˶ûнϳ½˵޷ԲСβŶԡ
һ֮У̫ţţԪҲͬһʱ䵮˵俴˳ϧºͳˡ
˻ϧºͳ붼ǳĬˣȻǰļ䣬ǰǼϧ̤Ԫ󣬲žǰ䣬һߣȷвٵš
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޷ҿʥ֣Ȼ޸ռͨЩѣǿ߿ٳС磬ʥԸֵġЦŵ
Ԫ磬Ҳֻʥ޸ռͨʵ棬޷
ԣǰһһ̣ǰȥЦ»ǲС
룬֪һյСӴͻȻӴԪе̫ͻȻˣҲƴ½ڵΣܹԼļֵزȫԽܡҲصģС⣬СȻС߹ΪСǿߣûܹϳ½æ
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ǰˣҲǵЩЦҡͷڵҼĿռͨͨǿռ֮ͨУһƯӡϹսһλǿ߷ӡġ
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˻һɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱ֪뵣ĵʲôˣҲ¶˿Ц


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ֻһͻȻǿߣԪҲǶһλ𣬶Ԫޣֻвϻ۵̣ǳ֮
ϹսʲôطǿϹǿɱսһطȻڿռ֮ͨƯֽжһɳܷ£Ҫɳȡ̸ںϣ
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ȻЩʣ滹ѯ˲ٹڿռͨ飬Ҳȷǿռͨ޷޸һλǿ֣߳ϧľǿߣܹöġ
ֻͨսߣԴĳɱʵ̫ˡЦһ߶սʮԪλһܲ
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ˣһ㶣˻治࣬һμӿ˵ߣѾҲûӵеμʹʸ
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Ƶ֮дĲ㣬ѾǻԪصΪԭ˵һ֪ôͻȻǲͨݳμʹˡЦŵ
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һ˵ͷ֮ԽǰμʹΪеٶ̫죬ԭǴ̤أѲʹͻȻǰѲʹûкʵѡֻýǰμʹ
ԽԪصʵҲǿӵгμʹʸ㣬ĿǰΪֹҲֻ˹ȥ޻ʣһٶʱ򣬳ɹƵ㣬ʱΪȴǱȳµһС硣ڵ㣬ǿǳ뿪֮ǰģʵӿ£Ȼûܴ
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صʹ̱֪ͨ룬á
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һλŻһ£ͨݶԣҲǻԵϾͨ˳ǵλȻѰݸͬ
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ԣһϲڵϵǴݸŻݸŻ
ѵŻʲôɣһ㶣ɻĿ
ȻŻҲнġ˵ͷҲ֪£ЩˣݸŻȻӰȫҲԼĹأݸŻҪһ㡣ݸŻûʲôҪֻԶԣΣա
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֮·ϣһЩˣвһЩĵˣЩ˿ɲ˭ĵӣ㣬ֱӳֶԸѵģҲڡ
Żĵص㣬ԵҪݸֱͳϽĵطдפ龳ǿݸҲΪ£µ߼ƿ񾳵ǿߡһ֣ǿ߱һʱϵݸ֮УǺܰȫġ
Զԣݸ֮⣬Σղ١
һʲôϮݸԮҲҪʱ䣬ǿ߶ԣʱ䣬Ϳܶˡһɱ鶼¡
ˣŻʲôطҪǰȫġ
Ƭ̺󣬱˾ϳһ̫ˣԼ˵ͻʲôˣ֮£Żʺݸ֮СϾʵûǿǸΣֱݳΪԼŻ
Ӧݸڡ뿪ڵ
ڳѡûие̫⣬ϾһҲֻгһ龳ߣҲǺͶ൱˵̶ȲѰĶݸŻǿǼΪΣյģ˵ʲôǿУͻ޴ѡ
ʵϣܶŻѡݸ֮УҲΪʲôݸ֮УǿԵʡѰļ岻ͬݲͬͬŻҲܺһ
ŵĹأݸŻҪݸĹأݸΣգҪݸǿһͬսڸ֮ۡϣҲơڵ
ݸŻҪصıǣµĹأŻݸһԱͳݸ𣬶Ҹ֮ۡϣҲйģơϾݸµ򣬲ݸ֮¡ǿһݸȻͳ죬ֻǸˣһˡĸۡݣҲƵġ
ֻ龳ߣȻҲⷽơ
Щƶڳԣȴ⣬ΪΪߣŵĹأԣôࡣ
ݸΣգЭݸսŶûˣΪûϮݸǵͬںſսڸۡƣΪѲʹۡҲйģƣ߽ϣѲʹĸۡģȼʹ
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ʹԶһԲǧĿյػָ룬Ǻܿ찲߿ʼֽۡ
ȻۡĲϺ󷨣ҪԼ֣Ͼ̵ʵޣĲο϶̫ߣڳڤ˵żõٵ̣Щ½ĸۡ
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͸ֱλ񾳵ߣֱ棬棬ɽҲʶ֮УӴȽ϶ġɽǺϣԷŵһΣŻȻԷλ֮Уɽʾһصǻظʱʱݼ޾մʱδѵÿûлָҲ֪ʲôط
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ʦءЦһҲ׷ʡ
ߣ龳εߣǸ࣬ŵˣʿԪˣԼؾй֮Եʦֵܣ붼һһ롣ڻԪΣϳڵˣԼͨһЩѣԺ͵һͬμӿ˵ںͯˡ
һŻȻٲЩһۡ
ӣæʼΪ֮׼


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һӣɫɢҿڵ˫ͫͬǿһ䣬վȴ·Ϊһ壬أؾ
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ߡһ
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ߡͻ԰Լʵһߴһݼȥ
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606 пǰ
ԭλǿߵ˵ӦǺ²ŶԣϾǰǿԽ࣬˵Խ࣬˾Ը룬Ҳõһ¶ԷѵıڵλЩԸɲʲô°
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607 
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ʵһҪΪһݻԵǲĵȥԡ࿪ڵ
꣬ȴֻһ״ӣͽȽٵģĵӣ뵹Ҳ˽⣬ԷΪ˵صߡ
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񾳵ǿߣڲͬĴ綼ܵѹƣɼǣû뵽ֵѹƵİ취
Ԫ֮ϡΪ磬Ϲ֮սһΪҪսʵϣܶʵǿĴ磬Ϲ֮սܵƻڣûܳ׵Ļָͨڵ
ͬһҲֻܸܵߵĸоֻ֮£ûʮֵԣ磬һϣԣɼϹ֮սڼƻԪ֮ϡ
˺ܿڸҵһǳأ˽λãͬʱһݵͼ֪ǾżжԶ
ʦ˵żڱȴڶϷɲͨЦһ
ΪǸ֪Ȼڽʱ򣬾ֱӴ󵽱һϹĶֻһ֣޷׼ȷжϳ
˴ռ䣬ֻǵ˶Ϸ뱱ľ룬磬һԪ粻µĴ硣

ֱӴռ䣬űȥ

֮УһսͣţսڣʮٿսΪ׵һλ龳ߡ
磬֣˵кܶǰ⵽ô£龳ԣһԪص߿ڵ
ô֪龳Ϣԣҡҡͷ
ΪʲôǰֻҪ·Ǿǵ⡣һ
˵ĲԪǱ߻ҪһЩԪߣܹڿ꣬õġԪ߹Ц
΢΢˵ͷһλԪߣץϸܹһ͵ļ۸ڼ磬ܶż̽Ҫڻ̽·ԪҲҪЩھ
磬ˡڴʱӵĴдһϢ
ֵǣˡæڵ
ԪصߣһЦĺûɫɲʲôʱץסԪصߣǶԣҲо޴ĺôҪ֪ڼ磬ǲһЩ궾صߣЩԪؾصߣõʵ塣
ಡಡ
֮УӰٷӶ
룬㷢ûͨ롣
΢΢ͷ˸ǡ
ţСһ㣬Ҫ鷳һ޿ɱܣҲСΪϡͨ
֮ǰѾǴе֪ǰż·ϣзɱһ·ϣҲǽԼΪϢαװɻԪصΪʵһ㶼˿ռ䴩͵ѪǱֶܵζǲΪǿȴҲöԸǻԪԸǵĴڡ
ֻǻС˻ҵļ磬ϢСޱȣǱ˷ˡ
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ս
ʻսͳͨһ㶣սȻֻǶսѣ
սԪ۷ߣƻԳ˵ʵս治С
Ȼ壬ȴҲûѡӲһǱܿ˸߳ײս
Ȼܿˣսڣ龳ɫ΢΢һ䣬ϾͻȻٿս֮ɱٶȣһĻԪߣܲŶԡ
ȻѾ¶Ǿֱӳֺˣ龳һЦսһ̣ʮӰ˰֮С
ͻȻֵʮˣͳͨһΪǷ֣ԷȻֻһ龳ߡ
ԭǻΪߣ룬Χɱǵֻͨ߶ѡ
ֻҳ֣ͨ롣
ɣҲܾûˡЦŵ
֪˵ĶԻûθ龳ȻҲһ
ȻĻδ䣬һ첨Ϯһ̣ʮӰͫ˲ɢϢʧ


609 ۶ħ
գ֮䣬ʮߣֱӱꡣЩߣ֪Լʲôˣ֪Լôȥġ
깥ľ֮ԶѰǿ١۾磬ϲϧ£ۼ깥ܣ³뻹ҪǿһЩο껹ٵϴ񣬸ӲѰ߿ɱȡ
ͺһҪҪɱˣٽֻҪѹϣֱѹ㡣һʮᣬҪ̫ļɡֻƾǿ󣬳һشնɱѰġ
ֶΡͨǰһ̾
ԭúһ磬жٻЩģϾֻصΪе̫ˣ꣬нĳɾ͡һм꣬ʵԶԶһжЩ
໹棬ʵɱδʤ롣ɼˣͨлЩɣϾûۼֻ֣ʦʦĻǡֻΪ⣬ĵھŸ״ӣϸ˵ʦ壬ȻܽԼĲ¶
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֮ǰȿڳ֣Ҳн˻ῴʵ˼չ¶깥ҲȷԾѣʵܹвˡڣףʦʦ沢ûƭһжʲô׸˵ʲôʱ𵽳䲻á
ֹˣʵ¶Цŵ
ͨԵͷʵҪһ㣬ѣҪɣȴҲûôףοղųֻʩչ깥оĿ¡ǿ󣬻֮ϣ
Ҫ֪еԽҲȻ׳ֱﵽһޣȻ׳Ĺ̲Żͣԣ³ߣϣռһЩơƣڳǰȴǵȻ޴档

һǽȥ˵ĴָԪ˵ЩûʲôмֵıһʮˣϵĲƸǲ٣¶̣ϳ½Ż֧СЩƸȻŹ
֣ġ뽫Щֳָһ뽻ͨ
лͨҲֱ
ȻƸ˶ϣɽ鴳ҪľΣƽһЩѣΪһЩ飬Ŀɳģʵ̫ˡ
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ͳܸͨоһλߣ˶û׷ɱĴ㣬̫Զ׷ɱȥҲδܹնɱԷЩ磬ΪżȻ֦
ˣӰ֮УһӰ˳ʱӰɫ԰ޱȣգ֮ĹϴһʮˣȻնɱˣ
Ҫ̽ϢóɱһֱڰУûпҲѾȥ
ϴѾȥˣҪý֪ҲһӰ૵һ̣һʧ
ôߣ龳ϴȥˣӰﻹһ˻صڣǲ
˲֪Ǹ뿪ǶڰеӰˣ֪Ҳ⣬ڼԣֻǹͶѣֻȽż֮󣬾ͻ뿪
һ·Ǵռ䣬ֱӷи·ҲǼʶ˼ĻңԪߵɱʮֳ·ϣǶ龳εĽ֡
ϢֻǻԪصΪһ߲ԸǣһЩǿҲû˷ϣżһЩǳֵߣǱɳ롣
绹ǻңǵٶȣľѣеߣʮˣй龳ĶˡӹͨĴָп
Դô࣬ҪõԴֻᡣͨ̾һ
н磬һп磬Ԫ磬ǱȽϺƽĴ磬ҪΪʥ򣬳εٱսʵϣ޾գ磬ԴᣬޱȲпġ
ڵλãϾҪ뱱ˣΣյʱ򣬿һЩ׼ţżͨ
һ·ȻɱЩߣȴΪżֻǵɱ˶ᱦᱦɱ
Щǿеԣʱ䣬вǿ߽뱱ڵıѾǻޱȣЩԭĳܲˡ
Ҳ뱱أĶǰߣǱԭȻʵҲͬʱôֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
һ·֮ϣСĵϢżڵλøȥ֪ǲ˵ܺãһ·ȥȻû̫Σա
֣Щ߲˵Ѿôһ·ֻһЩͨߡͨü
һ㣬ͬǷˣ˵żЩ籾Ӧûǲǿ߷ɱӵ߲Ŷԣһ·ȴûʲôǿߡ
³ǻСһЩΪá
ԣͨɵͷⱱҲЩͬѰԽǿżԽСĲС

֮⣬һߣһ޴Ĺ֮УǰһЩòĻԪŮߣ裬ûߣֻһ˹һС
Ҳǵģԭһȥżءӳɫȴǲôÿ
ԭʵӦлżģֻϧеֻ飬һˣȻû
Լôףżոճʱ򣬻ϣڣЩӵߣһСҪ̸סЩơ
żľ޴󶯾صߣܸܵ˶֪һżԲһ߶Ƿȡż֮С
ˣȥżСңҲã˵ʲô۵ײһڳԵһɫҲǱ
ţӵţʱռݣΪϢ֮ذˣЩòŮߣСŵѰ߰ˡ
ţ
ڴʱɫһ䣬ȴɳߴŹԪص·
ԪأüͷһԪصߣͬһ㣬ڲ֮ǰŵԪصߣնɱСŲŻ
ģ档΢ֱӴӴ֮ʧ
۶ħˣòŮǿһĻһ㶣ȴͣ
ǰλĿǶħԸ飬£ûκ˸Υ
ЩŮߣǲҵǶħֻǿߣܹɱħֻͬħʵѾǵһΪµĵزûʲôɽǣ˭ԸΪǳͷ


610 
֮ϣӰٵķš
ЩβͣǷˡͨܵԶԶ˵ߣɫޱѿ
ƫƫǻó֣Ϊ̫Զǲ뱩¶ʵ¶Էǲܵ飬һ¶ʵɵӶ뵽˽뱱أΪпӵˡ
ͦģǲܳ֡Ц
ԶԶ˼ӵĸоȷܣԪ磬˿ͳնɱ˶Էֻǽ磬ǸûʲôԮһֻܿԼһ¶ӵȻ⵽ߵΧ
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һ̣һӰ˳ǰ
ءĿڳϣΪ;磬һ۱ǿΪϢ
أӾȵȴǣԵߣΪȻһ㣬ﵽء
ΪϢʱءһâѾЩ
ʱǰأΪϢϣпӵнżΪҪϢ
ƽգ˵Ϊ˲鷳ʱ򣬱ضҲʱʮа˾ӵ
û뵽ҾˡдϲԭãһƬӵż߿ԺСڣֱռһСţʼû뵽Ϊʵ̫ģҪץԪص棬ȻΪϢ
żҿǲӴЦ
żʲôżλѣֻ·ѡͨһãȻ
ߡ·ǺãԣҿǹȥӲмһЦ
߽鴳ԣ漰żôųͨˡ
ͨӵãԡ
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ڴʱͨ룬һȴ˲ɱӡ
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һصߣҲҶҳ֡Ӽ״һм
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Ȼڴʱһµ겨Ϯȥ
ɲ깥ôᡭɫһ䣬Ǹû뵽ʩչ깥
Ȼȣȴû̫ģԪʩչ깥ܿסһʩչĹ
ǿµ겨ϮͬһݺݵĻӵ֮ϣʱһ·˲Ҫɢһ㡣
ôᣬ깥ôô¡оǾ֮ɫʩչȻס깥
ҡӼæ߶ȻϢδ꣬ǿµ깥ֱشꡣ
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һ£ӵֱӱһѪ
Ѫ֮УһĲҽд

ͬʱһµ겨ӿѪһ̣Ѫ֮еǿµĳ֮£ֱɢ
ӳ֣ͨʩչ깥ǰ󲻹һգ۵ĹӱǱֱɱ
ûӳ룬Ҳ׵䣬Ͼճ깥ȻԷӣҲһشԷ
Ϊûӳ룬ǿµ깥֮£ӽֻǼ򵥵ķԾʱѾˣشͨ飬ٴʩչ깥ֱӽɱ
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һӵĴָԪһ̣ͳͨˣֱ˺ѿռ䣬ԭʧ
ȻܿնɱӣɳȴҶΪǲ֪Ƿʱǰ֪ͨߣΨһİ취Ѹ뿪
⡭Զиų˵ߣǰѪʿˮ
ԪصߣȻ˲䣬նɱ۶ħ
۶ħ龳ǿߣԷնɱ۶ħԪΧ֮£Ȼգ֮䣬ˣ
ˣʲôԪߣ龳ߣնɱ۶ħף֮ǰΪֻľֲ̫ͣˡ
ԭֻǰ۶ħҪЩǰż߸֪Էû뵽Ȼֱӳ۶ħ
۶ħȻˣͬ鱨ʦֵܡ뵽æŸڵߡ


һ·̾봩ռ䣬任λ֮󣬳˱任òٴαװλԪصߡ
û뵽ôСģǳˡЦ
һ·ϣѾСģǸǵߣûгֻ֣û뵽ǣһλص߾ȻֱӳǰҪǶԷ⣬Ҫ뿪Ͳôˡ
Ӧò֪ǵΪֻɺϰˡͨҡҡͷ֮ǰûǿߣǾ³صߣȴоþ
Ҳ֪ߣûнϢݳȥ̾һֻһص߻ãǾ¶ԷֹһˣǵϢݳȥǲ鷳ˡ
ǵ̫áͨЦһһһö
ͬѯλáͨЦ
Ȼ֮ǰѾǴԮϢȻͬ鲻֪ˣܹնɱӣӵĿ̫ˡ
Ǿ뿪æ
ͨ΢΢ͷһӳȥ
ĵ飬ǷˣǱͬ鵽֮ǰ뿪һƬһԷͬ鵽龳ǿߵʵѰʵ̫ˣһǣֲܷס
ת˲֮䣬ʾʧ֮С

أ֮УӰٵĽ֣ÿһν֣Ǳһµĳɢޱȿ¡
ȻֵˣΪǵһΪĲΡ
˵ӵǲСȻҵͷˡѪһ̳ռѣµĽƿռ䣬ֱӴ̴ӵ塣
ߡҵͷϣΣɱҵˣҪ㡭ιĳڲԶһδ䣬ɫȴ͵һ䡣
ꣿɫһڸղţĴͻȻϢϢƺ
ٴѯʵʱ򣬴ѾûϢ
ˡɫһ䣬ܹȵϢ޷϶ΣգûϢ꼫пѾȥ
˵ֻԼһ£ȴһֱԼ񣬷ҲסһЩǰżҪʵΪˡϾѾΪԼǷȥᡣ
ݡ
ڴʱһϮɫһһͺ
䡫
飬𵴡
ɱɲ÷ġѪЦŵ
ѪҲ𣡡俴Ѫӣɱӿ
һĻѪҲ΢΢ɫ䣬Σͨ᲻ݡ


611 ϳ
ѪӺʵҪɱԷʵ̫ûʲô˫˭ҲԸ⸶Ĵۡ
вңѪɫһѪӲ£ʵ޼˴˱Ҳ൱˭Ҳκβ˵ҲΪʲôᵽͷϣֱɱ˶Էˡ

һǿѹͷŭҲ֪ʱ޷Ѫ񣬵֮Ǿڵȷ
ˡ
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Ѫһ㶣ʶǿǸ£˵ĹϵΪܣ£ѹ˽ϧ˵ݵĻͬĸҼǾͲնɱһͨôˣɲЩͨ¿ɱȡ
ߡ´ٷʤѪһһ˿ȥ
ԸĮ
ֱ˺ѿռ䣬ڵλøȥ

ʱһӰѪǰ֮ǰ·ӡ
͸㣬񱱷ػޱȣлС£Ȼ˷ѪɫЩѿԼ˱ȴǷ֮ˣҲپ޹⡣
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Ҳ֪˭ȻҶ֪꣬꣬Ȼֻ͹ϵȴʤˡҪɱ䰡ѪٺһЦɱ䣬ҲϾıأʵ̫ˣóᣬϴһ£˵ϴĹ֮󣬻ܵõ


һ̣֮дһռ䲨ӵγԭռݵС֮С
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ܹŵߣܿѾ
ߡȻѾˣǾȥɡһɱ
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̸ҵŵߣҪ֪׷ʲô̶Լ˴ŵ
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СʵǿߣҲͽֻǻԪأһЩԪߣûմռҪѰȻޱȡ
վǷϿգԼĪʱ֮ˣǲ鵽µĵص㡣
ˣӦþµģﻹһЩɱĺۼһЩϢһС
ܵǿеѪζԼǻҵϢȻЩϢܻңȴʮǿ֪¾µĵط
ǣǱҵҪޱʹࡣϱһɿµɱ⣬ŭš

Сһ·ǰУһ·֮ϣû̫ΣգԽǿżԽԽ࣬κһҲܶе߳֡Էżʱȫġ
Ϊ̫ߣһССľٶһϵеӦ
ಡ
һӰ׷ϳˣȴһλӣΪѾǻԪء
λҲȥżɣЦſڵ
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ǰϹżֵʱ򣬿ñضиӦ磬˭Ҳ֪¡Ц
һⱱؿǲСԪıҪһЩһżȻܹأɼżǺεȵĲ
ϹżҲ֪λǿ£ֻΧǾ޴ޱȣԵ˵ܶߣﶼõƷƷԪӸп
һĻԪߣʹõĶƷԪԪ˾ߣľԶ۴ĲƸʹƷԪƷԪԪεߣӵУƷԪܶ龳߶ûС
ҲǻԪصΪԣܹõһƷԪѾˡ
Ҳ˵żڶ࣬רŴϷظЦŵ
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Ȼﲻ٣ɾҲͬңִΣӿڵ
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ǽϹżǳȥνԪƷԪǶûʲôڼƷԪѾǼΪı̫ܳΧ򡣱Ͼǿ龳ߣĶı
ԣһ˿ʧ֮ɫΧ˵ͻʲôΣգ߽鴳ȻǰȫࡣֻϧԹϵܣԸ֡
һ·УܿǵִϹż
ԶΡĹϳأͳͨɫ΢΢һ䣬ϳռأнʮһޱȾ޴ĳǳء
ΡɢŹϲϢһǿĳС
λرϹżܶط飬ƺֹʮЦŵ
һμصʱҲľޱȣô޴ĳأڣڼ֮УҲһӴĳǳˡ
ռ䣡ͳͨһۣףزͨĳأһλǿ߿ٳһռ䣬ֻȥֻʮСˡ
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˷ӹȥϳ˵֮УϵķŴ

һ㵭͸󷨣˱˳֮Уʱĳ֮У׵ĸовǿߡ
ϵߣεߣ޷ϳءӿڵ
΢΢ͷ£ʹе֪ϹżصߺͻԪµߣ޷ġ˾޴ĳأ²ľͲ龳ߣֻ¶ٵǿߡ
Ϊż󷨵ƣһżų龳ߴĵط
λҾȸˡ΢΢֣ǳԶȥż֮Уǽֹռġ
Ҳûжһ·任λȴǳȥ
żΧȻ°һ·УҲܿൽż֮УżԶ翴ĻҪӴаҡ
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һ·ǰУҲǼߣЩߣԻԪΪϾΣ˴ռֶΣûʲôֶΣż֮УõҲ޷뿪
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Ǿ޴ĽɫУǽͨɫ֮УɢһɿµϢûֱӱų⣬ûߣ޷뵽֮С


612 Ƽ
ھǽɫ⣬ȴǿϢȻһЩµߣЩߵʵңǿȻҲ޷ԳʲôвҲ֪Щߣǣȷʲô߽
ʱһ뿪Ϲż¾ͻܵΧ
ƺʦ˵ЩһһЦ
ԭǣڼ磬ϹżΣգҲȷǿߡʵϲ̫ΣգȻΪҲвСĹϵһߣ޷ʵΪڼǰż·ʵ̫ˣܷסеߡ
Щ˶ΣżķɣȴżڰߣϾżڣȴԵøСرǽɫУǲһ龳ߣײЩɫеߡ
ȻǲסɫУż֮нֹɱ޷Ϣ磬Ǹ޷ȷǴʲôط뿪ͨ
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Ƭ֮䣬ӰѾǵִǽɫУգ֮䣬ʧ˽ɫ֮С
̴֪ͨߣ߽ܿϢǴ
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ܿ죬ͬԼͬ飬Ϲż
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ԭһϹżΪжΣգҲΪŻóͳͨǰĥһڿƺĲ²Щ룬һżȻʲôѰż

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Ȼǿ飬ȻԽԽѡ
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ܵսϵĲ̴ͨ
ǼȻܹҲǻԵǿǽֹɱ¾ġսĿ⿴ˣ˵

ͳͨһ㶣ȻԪŨĸоҲȷһʺĵطɹؼ˿Խ磬ΣմǴӸӵͨɲġ
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Ҳ˵ҪնɱʮͷعͨȴҪնɱʮͷص
նɱֻԼ֣նɱЩҲᣬֻǽ˹涨ľʯܵõ˵ıǰһսĮ
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ԼնɱҪ֪һЩ֣ǹһʱԮͬʵ֮£˲նɱһܣȻΣա
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ԣ˵ͷڵʵȥɱصĹҲΪ붼޷ֵһͷصĹɱǿͨԼʱ̫̣նɱĿѶȺܵͣͨ飬ñһʱ䣬ʵȫܹ
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룬Ұֵ㾡նɱͷͨڵ
˵ͷһ˲ɱԶһͷ
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ħƴ߶һ𣬴ޱȿµƣݺ˹ϣʵͲһ֮£ֱӺع

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ˣұһ֮սһڵԪҲǱøŨұս˽죬ڵԪͨһ󷨻ۣȻԪŨ̶ȣֻһжҪս
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ЩԪڵԪҲǱԽĻ
Ҳ֪ȥãܵڵĵҩ֮ĴԪָƽʱ򣬲Ž
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ʵԸصĹЩǿʱ̤أصĹҲסһʱ䡣
룬ϲ̤ء˵ʱ꣬ͬ㻹ֻǻԪصΪˡͨһп
ܹʮ̤龳ߣԪҲǼ٣ͨ츳ҲܱΪ״ӡҪ֪ô꣬Ҳֻһ״ӣǺεǿߣѰߣۡ
ͨ츳Ȼãͬȣǲ˲١
ҲǵõٻԵǿ뿪ڵ
ԵҲʵĸߵ֮·ûԵͨƽ
Եкܶ࣬ĵرй似ǿʦ߶ǻԵܹΪǿߵģ˭ûеõԵ
֣Ҵһʱ䣬ȥɱصĹ뿪ڵ
żҲһԼʵŸոͻأҲҪúһʵͨЦŵ
Ÿոͻأľ缫ߣͻأصʵɱϾո̤أʵս϶㣬óʱ䣬úõĲһͨҲҪ򣬱ϾֻʵɱصĹŻɣʵ㣬ɱһͷصĹﶼޱȣ˵ΧĶӡ
ԣҲһǳͨھȥɱصĹҲþܾϾ֮ͨǰǰ١Ҳ㹻ʱ䣬ħƣԼʵЭͨҲһЩ
˱ڴ˿ʼչز򣬶ǿʼ۵ʮħƣһħƣͬǿ̻ڹ֮ϡ

ڳħƵʱս͵˫ۣĿڳϡ
ħһ塣սһâ
սϾߣȻܹ֪ʵȴ޷ڵħѪǳħƣĲսȴǸ֪ˡѰսǺεȴڣħһǿҲн顣Ҫ֪ħһǼΪ⣬Ϲ֮սǰЩӵħѪߣħһϡǴħѪȻֻǱħһǿߵײ˰ˡϹʱڣӵħѪߣħһ岢ûʲôøС
һ壬ܹǵǿн飬һΪѵ顣
ѹִܹôǿޱȣ׾նɱصԭħһˡս
ħһ壬޾֮УŲСǿһֻΪǿ壬ãǵ˼µĴڡˣħһţǼΪͣ˵ħһţֱӽħһǱõ˼ޡ޾֮УǺܺġ
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ħ۵Ĺ̲ѣܿ۳˵ʮħƣʮħƴ߶о·ĺô·ûмһ㡣
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ڽľϣƺҲ뵽ƿ֮С̾һ콣ãҲƺһޣ֮ϣȴģһƬ
̾һ뿪ʼ󽣵䣬ݽϾĹԪѾԵЩܲ㡣
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ǾŻؼǹԴһӵУŻؼǴܲȴҪʵﵽһΣԴһͨâɵ˴пʱ򴴳ġ
ĳ룬ڵ֮ϣû̫ƿǽ֮·ϣܹĸоԼƿ
룬ôˣʱѾĳͨһֱü˼ɿڵ
֣֮ϣʲô뿪ڵ
֮ϣǽ𡣡ͨһ㶣

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ʵʦǰ֮ǰ̵ҵģϧҲܹйؼͨЦ
Ȼӳͨûڽ򣬿ɲֱͨӸͨ߳ģǵĶѣ⣬ֱձƸ˳롣

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һ̣ԺƺʲôеԻҲǻȻʣԭ͵õâɵ˹ڽĴУֻкܶ಻⣬Ǵʱһж·𳹵׵Ŀբڻͨ
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ԴһĹԴһһع鱾Դ΢΢һЦ
һֱ붼ڲϵĲִ磬Լһʼߵıǽǽһִףһ·ߴɲĴԽ࣬·ҲԽ࣬ǰ·̫࣬ÿһߣȴ֣Щ·ԽԽԶԽԽɢ
ֱͨĽ׹ִܲնҪع齣֮Уع֮С
һУȻҲˣ֮ǰߵ·ǶôĴȫߴˣִǷ뿪ģǱ˴˽ġػˮ磬ںϳɻǧʮǧγع;ͬԴԺδնһ
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˳벻ǽ뿪Ǳ˴˽ϣ֮ǰĹԴһϻ̳һֱһ̳Ҳǳ׵һĹԴһ֮ǰĽֻһΡЦȻΪѾ뿪
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ʮ龧ʯҲͨ˵һ飬ѡһЩµıսĮ
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һͨѡΪĵҩϾҪеڶ飬ʵͨһ鶼ǿڶ飬ֻ¸ѡ
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˵䣬ǽ֮ǰͨع֮еõɫȡ˳
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Ȼж⽱
һ㶣Щ˼ĿսҪ֪նɱصĹ֤ԼʵˣĥûĽ
Ͳˣ⽱նɱʵǿսһԵĳͨһ⶯
ԣͨһΣȻԼʵնɱعѾʮǿնɱԼʵǿĹǾҲصĹʵ޷Ϊǹ깥Ӱ쵽ɱǶ֣귽ҲǹȻǹĶ֣
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ҪѪԪ̺ѡս̾һ
ס΢΢ͷ콣һֱȻҲϣ콣ܹɱ䵽ĲΣʱҲо޴İ
Ѿͨһ飬ѡڶ飬ҲѡȥսĿϣ
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˻˲Ĭǵڵһ鵢ʱ̫࣬߶˵ڶ飬ȴ֮ͨС


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һ̣ѪҲ飬һ̯Ѫ⡣

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633 ʶ
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תѹˮḥ̂һ̣Ҳ΢΢һһ̣ǳɢˮĥ̵ģһӰǰ
ôᡭ쳤ӣһŵĿһĻԼˮϵĹ֮žԵţܱԷƵˮĥ̵ģ׾һԪѵԪҪӲɣ
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û뵽СʦʵѾزͨҲǸпѣڶνгСʦ壬һΣȴǷĵġ
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ڵĳ룬Ѿĵ²ʮ꣬˳ɾ֪ͣͨʥǷţȴ֪Ǻųٶ棬ҲȲϳ룬ȻɾͼߣʵٶȲ졣
ҲһСͺһһ̣⻮һƬǻһУ˲䳯Ű쳤ȥ
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֮ͫһԼһǻͽĽϣһ֮ޱȣ˿ǰ쳤֮ǰʩչˮĥ̡
һȻױ쳤ӻ⣬Էѵ˷֮
ԣǷ֮ûﵽ֮ĲΡһâȻ쳤һķֶޱȣȻûдﵽ֮ĵزôһЩ
Ͼһλշ֮չ֪ߣΪżܴﵽޣʤԷҲƾаˣ
ȷûﵽ֮ĲΣԸ㣬Ҳ㹻ˡ쳤һЦ
Ϲ֮սǰѾҪ֮˭뵽һλǿͻȻɱЩǿ߱ɱҲǱץڴˣʵôҪ֪һ֮лΪ״ӣһȴλǿߵĵ֮ɱ⣬ΪЩ֮⣬ҪһԭԭһƬʱȴ˽֮ĥЩߣȻġ
ԣ벻Ĭ쳤˵ĲԷȻû֮ɱϾѾʮֽӽˣҪʵ̫ˣĿǰʵ
Ȼܲ㣬Ҳκβҡ뵭
˻ǰ쳤ɫһΪҲ֪˵Ĳһ֮֮ȻûգѾʮֽӽûʲô㣬һϼΪóͬΪ깥ʤҲκβó롣
Ȼֻһ֮ԷĶ֮ǿƿֲ԰쳤ӵ۽磬δһλصߣ˿µȻûշ֮ɵǿµ˿շ֮ߡҲ˵벻ڹ֮Ƿ֮ϣ
ֻˣ쳤Ӷ̫⣬ؼǣڲŽسڵΪѡ
ʮֵĽһһ֮ͷ֮лΪ״ӣɼˣؼ޵ΪҲֻǺͳռƽְˣ
ǺεȵĽȴ޷һΪԼˣɫȻÿ
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ʤһƽƬ֮󣬲Ǽһν֣ҲвСջ񣬴չһʱ䣬ԡ
ֱչأѪһ飬аһﲻǱչر˰ɡ
չ룬ŸոճأҪչˣ
΢΢ͷһκǰ쳤ӽȻ̣ܶɶĴȴǼͬǹ֮쳤ӵã֮ϡҪŻǿܺͶԷӲ
ռ䣬Ҳֻǰ쳤һֻ֮ǽƬ̣ǷԼĲ㡣ȻҲһ֮֮ϣʮֵĴǳһ似Ȼ򣬿ֻоʵսĥ£Ż֣ᷢ似ʵս֮Уķ档
ڵĳˣ֮չ룬һأͺǿ߽֣İʵ̫
һͰ쳤ӵĽֵջգڹ֮ϽߵøԶ

һ̣˱ǳ˹
ȻôͽˣΪһ𣬻ʲôͬء˳ƺҲûиеʲô֡
¶һֻģǰ쳤ӽֹһУܣòȻҲǾͬ顣
ЩͼһҪ֪ܺǰ쳤ӶƾУ֪ʲô顣ѪֻЦѡ
ʵһˣ׾ܻҲڴҪҳ鷳ʲôΡ
룬ͨ
˴뿪ʱһͻأ
˲ɻͷȥǿڵĲǱˣ͹ӡ
ʦʺһǰɺã͹ӺȻЦ
ݱʶˣ
ԣͳͨɫ΢΢һ䣬һֱСģ뾹ȻǱ͹ʶݡ
ʦ٣ȴǲ֪ǰǷ񻹻ţͨ
ǳ֮ǰͨ治Ը͹ӣϾ͹ӵʵ̫ǿˣλʦܣѪ񻹲վ߻˵Ĺչ¶ʵ֮ȴûη塣ͳڵʵԱˣ
ʦţȴҪˡ͹΢΢һЦһɱ
Ǻг𣿡һԵ״ǰһ


634 ƴ
ų˺Ѫߵһ𣬼ʵһֱûбĻᣬڳ˾Ȼ͹ӣҪ֪͹ӿ֮Уʵǿģ͹ӳ֣Ļˣ
ԭҪż֮бˣϾʵѪҲôסȻڣ˻ᡣ
ʲôʱݵģ͹ƺûпɶֵĴ㣬벻ɿڵ
һֱСģ͹ӽӴҲ࣬˵Է׷ǵݲŶԡ
ӵһμǣҾ֪ǾҪҵˡ͹΢΢һЦһԵõ
˻һͳͨ΢΢һ㶣Ƕû뵽˫һμʱ͹ӾѾ֪ǵݡʱ͹Ӷ֣ǿ϶Ƕ֣뵽жһ£Ҫ֪ʱԼصʮⲻ֪͹֪ǵݣ
Ϊʲôʱ㲻֣Щ
ϾʱҪ͹Ӷ֣˱ɣʱʵҲǺ͹µʦܲ࣬ǶԷĶ֡
֣ΪʲôҪ֣͹һЦĮʱһ㣬Ҫɱͬһֱϣ᲻ɱǵȤ
ʱǣʵ̫ˡһм
Ȼ͹г𣬿ȴòϣʱˣ͹еȷ̫ˣԷ׾նɱǡ
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˻һǺ͹زʶߣҲǸеһļ£͹ӣһħϣȴڱ˵ʱ򣬷һ
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˻һֻ͹סˣ߶һ㶣Ц
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͹ӿǵһΧߣҲ˵˵Ϊž޴Ĳ࣬͹Ĺĥôʱ䣬ʵѾǵһΪĵز
Ц͹ӵˣѪȴĬ˲֪ʵΣȴʮֵʵ͹֮ϣǿܹĹĵɱܵڳ֮УҲֻгܹˣ
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Ĺĵ߹û·Զۼǵ£ȴû˿ĶﵭĮ
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СӲɵ˰ɣȻۼǵⲻ£ҲһмȻصߣزʵ̫ˣͨΧĿ飬ҲԶԶ͹ӵĶ֡
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Χ۵ǣҲǷ׷ҡͷǿѾǱһɵˣ֪ܷ
ݡ
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ҲûһʧļƻȻڳ˲ӣҪǳ֮ǰնɱ£¹⿿ʦֵܣδܹ¡
СӣҪ곥һһ˲䳯ųɱ˹ȥһԵ͹Ҳǽ
ԭ棬ڿȴҪսˡɱͨߣɫһ
ʵԲ͹ӣͨӦλؼ޵ߣЩ
Ҫ֪ˣɶź͵ɱʵ
뵽û֣гһ⻮޴Ļ˲䳯͹ȥ
һУΪһϵ𡣡͹ӲмһЦԪ߶ޣһ޴ĵ˲ǻС

ͬʱгҲն롣

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£һ죬ֱӱɳȥ
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㡭ԣɴŭҪ˵ЩʲôɫȴͻȻһ䡣
ꡫ
һϸ΢һֱ̣ӻӨƬɢ


635 ı
ôܣ
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ڳߣٶԼ磬ʵȻҲޱȵ֪ԷĿ¡ӣҲֹƵԡ
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չ֮һǺεȵĿ£ǰ쳤ӣжȥŸҽӣȻʵɺǰ쳤ȣûκεĿɱԣ
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Ϯ˲Ǻ͹ӵϣΪĵǻ֮£һ˲顣

ͬʱԶѾܣͬ壬ɢһǿƣƣȴǰĿЦΪ壬סһ
ʵôôǿɫ仹һ˿֮ɫʵʵ̫ǿˣͷ·Ĺĵֶǵ
һ˶ռλţȻѹԷҲصߣҲǾȶѣɳֻصΪȴʵһ̣Ǹе˾֣
ǺεȵʵѾԽΡ
ܹģţڣȴһǸҫ۵š

ţ͹ӣҲǽܣɫ࣬Ŀų룬ȴûڳֵ˼̫ˡ
˵֣һϣδκγ
ͬʱӦҲͣʵ̫ǿˣ͹ӣȫѹɱȥǶΣգ
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ԳʵҪնɱ͹Ӽˣѣȴ޷ΪѾͨΧĿ飬ֻҪԸ⣬ʱ뿪һƬռ䡣
ҲãǲǡѪ΢΢һЦ
΢΢ͷȻ޷¼ˣܹöԷɵҲѾ㹻ˣһƬռ֮Уǰȫġ뿪һƬռ䣬Ƕֱ˺ѿռ䴩޾գӦǸҪġ
һԹսҲǷ׷ɢȥ뿪ʱĿ֮жǶһ˿η֮ɫ˶ףһصߣʵһԷɳһλΪµǿߣǿߣ˭ҲԸ

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˵Щûã룬ôԸǰɡӦڵ
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ʱܹ뿪һƬռģֻ˶ѣĹĵʵȻǿ󣬿ɶҲвٰһѵûԵ˭Ҳ׷
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ܣ֮УʵǿҲϣڶʱͨ飬ҿһöΪĵҩڴ֮󣬾뿪͹ӿԵܵ
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ʦ֣һ㶣͹ӿеʦܣʵصߣֻΪŵӣݲ͹ӣ͹ӿУҲֻʦơ
ʦ֣Ҫ֪ͨʦǣǳ֣ǾûлᡭЩԥ
أҲ˵ʦǻ᲻ֶԸһصߣʦ֪һص߶Ըˣ񾳵߰æǻʲô򹬡
ܿеʦ֣׵˵ĸ״ӣ񾳵ߣ
񾳵֣߳ȻնɱˣɶԸһصߣȻҪ񾳵ǿߣ򹬶ΪЦ͹Ӷˣ
˵Ĳ񾳵֣߳Ҳδ̫СˣʵҲСһЩΪá
ʲô뷨ԣͲɿڵ
ҵ֪ͨߣҲһλص߹˵
ţ͹ǰһ
ȻʵݶҪǿ٣Ҫ۸ŵĵӣԲԱȵģ׵µڶ࣬ǿҲ٣ȻݲͣҪָʹ񾳵£ȴԣΪһȻʵǿɾǿߣö֡
ãҿһΣôӣ͹һɱ
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ģһξӲһâЦ
ˣӦȴЩûףʵʵ̫ˣһμ棬˿ֻߣһƬռ˵ʵǣڣ붼ѹնɱǣ


636 Ѫ
һУŹȥꣿŹȥʮʱѡرһƬռ֮Уʵڷٵȫ˵
˵곱ױֻʣһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ʵܹﵽʲôز
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ص֮Уǿʼչأһγغǰ쳤ӽ֣ĴջСһЩջգʵвС
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һУף곱ױӲԶˣǵʱԽԽ١ЩûͨߣǷ׷׷ǷΪǷڹĥ£Ҫڻ곱ױ֮ǰס
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ס΢΢ͷҪԸˣǸͨͣȻһ׻ܡ

Ĳߣڹ֮ϵĸҲԶ֮ǰջ޴󣬼Ƿ֮ҲһЩüĿ
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Ҳٶԣ뿪˶ߣ뿪ߵʱ򣬳صϢҲ˲䴫͹ӵĶС
һ·ӣܿ˽Ĺ
㣿ľڳȻİλصΪǵĴڡ
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˵Ŵ󹬵һܹӻѪƣǾֻнϣԳԥ˽
겻û뵽ʵȻ֮졣Ӽ룬Щ;ȵ
Ҫлո㣬ҲܵõɫԲΪҲ֮졣뿪ڵ
΢΢һЦڵʱңӦͬ޷ܿ곱ɣ
ǵġ˵ͷ
Ӷ֪˶꣬Щ߻еģ˻곱ǰϦ߶ΪͬѰӻ
ˣһֱӸܱӻͬ飬㡭ӵ
Ըæǰһ
΢΢ҡͷһƬռһУǰλǿµĹУ޷ӻͬ顣
˻һɫһôʱദȻϣѪ
Ȼ޷ӻͬ飬ȴԡͻȻЦ
ңһãȻĿӡ


637 ʱ
㡣ӵͷҪûͨߣֻһ·ǾǴĹ
һ㶣취ʵҲһЩ²⣬ûʮգ˵Ĺȷǿеİ취

ڵʵӦûûʮʣ¼µʱ֮дĹɣͻȻ
˵ͷЦʵĹĵûʲôա
Ȼʱ䣬Ľܿ죬Ϊܿ죬ףǰ쳤ӵĿ£ǿǲһ֮һ֮ǿߣ
Ȼǰ쳤ڷ֮ϻôһ㣬ɶԷķֶѾϾ귽漫ΪóԷδȫķ֮ʵϲñȷ֮١
룬ħһӽշ֮ߡһ֮ķֶλӿ£ֶҲ
ڵʵҪʤѣ㻹ڹ֮о޴ӵ
֮Ѿһּ£Ҫּ֮Ѷʵ̫ˣûκΰա
صΪʤ˲ѣʱٵıҲڶʱΪ̫ࡣ취ӡӿڵ
Цŵͷʱ̫̣ΪҲο㾳繻ߣصľ粻ȣΪ̫죬ҲҪʱա
취İ취𣿡æ׷ʵ
Ĺϣ̫Сˣûκΰա
ûа취㻹һ취һЦͬʱ֮С
ʱ
һӦþǺɫԲ֣ϾʱõɫԲսûиɫԲƺ;ֻɫԲǵƵġ
ʱԱܿһƬռĹأæ
Ҫ֪ҼսģսЩͬǿ봢ָ֮УǺɫԲԣսҲһУ
ĶУʱԣƵⱦȻûع򣬲ǵĲΣȴԽѪԪλǿµĹأһıȻãڵαεʱȴѾáӻ
ԭˡ
ף̫ãλǿߣֻµĹأǲͬıԿģҲֻеαԪεıܱܿһƬռĹء
ȻʱԴ뿪Ҫףȱ񾳵ߣĶᣬ㻹ǿһ£ͬǷֵôӵ
һҲ׶Է˼ȱʵ̫ѱе߲йһָıʱٵı񾳵ǿ߶ᡣڵʵɻԸЩ񾳵ǿߣ
ԺΣѡ΢΢һЦ
ԣӲһҲ¶Цݡ
·ϣѷĿĲ٣˼Ļشȴףӵԣں֮ܶϡ
֮·ϣԺܶʱ򣬾һδĳɾͣ
뿪˽ѾõԼҪĴ𰸡

ϵܣˣҵʲô취Ѫ룬æʵ
Ѿ֪и취ԴѪ뿪һƬռ䡣Цŵ
ʲô취Ѫæ׷ʵ
ʲô취ڻ˵ֻܱ֤ԴѪ뿪
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Ѫһ㶣ԥһ£ſڵȻϵܲ˵ҲʣֻҪѪƻž㹻ˡ
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Ѫһֱ׷ʣҲýͣϾʱܣ򲻵ѣ뱩¶Ͼڻû붯ʱĵزһѡ񣬻ܰ쳤ӣĹ
룬а취ͨ
һʱ䣬ѪûЩѯʣ˸еƽ͵ĽҲһֱûа취ɳ뾹Ȼҵ˰취
ɻǵǺɫԲԳһռ䣬Դ뿪֮⣬ֻܴĹ봫
ɫԲ
ͨȻ֪ǺɫԲǳͨʱ򣬵õıһٶѪԪĺɫԲ򣬾Բֻͨǰãһ㣬֪ͨġǺɫԲ϶ЩͬѰ֮ǳģҲöʡ
ǡͨ
ܴܲĹʵڲУڶǺɫԲ򡣡봫
˵ҪĹͨһԼһЦɳô˵ͨȴһЩģϾΨһһǰ쳤Ӷ޷ܵĶֹ֡ȥʱ䣬ʵвСġ
Ѫ֣֣ҴȥĹԣûȤȥ뿪ڵ
ԣѪͳͨǰһǰ쳤Ӻͳʵ֮ϣ˵Ľ֣ѵôĻᡣ
Ҫ֪ʱ䣬ΧĹǵĥԽԽСĹĵʵȴޱȿ£ܹӦġǰ쳤Ӷǿɶɱ⣬һȥϾǱ³ĥЧûСû취Էʵ̫࣬𲻵ĥµá
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ÿһμ˽֣оƺһεġѪǽֵӰһЦ
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˵ʵͳԽǣֻһ׻ǡ
ۿ˽֣ҲвСİ˶߳Լ·ǽ·ˣ˵Ľ֣ͷ·ǿָ·ƣǵĴ
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ģһµľ죬ӰҲǷٵ˿
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Ȼʵ⿿ʵ㻹޷ʤҡ쳤ӵĮ
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638 һս

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ŵȻǼʶٵߣɾЩصߣܱ˿µܡ
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Ȼ쳤ΪǿԷǱ꣬ʵò˿ֻϹ֮սʱ򣬾Ѿ˿¡Ǳ̤񣬳Ϊһǿˡ
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ɱû˿ͣЪµҲڹ֮У磬˽ֵĿܣϯ˷Բ
ԪֻʣˣܵʣԪв̾һȻʵڰ쳤ӣϸڵԪȻħ֮ĸı䣬ϸڴ洢ԪӾӴ󣬵ؼ޵İ쳤ȣȻЩࡣ
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һͳըһ⣬Ǳ쳤׻⡣
ϴ̳һֻ̣һͷӽ
ϵĻӽϵĴ̳
ӽ̳Ҳǽ뵽һΪ״̬

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Ҳ֪ͨһЦͬûпһ˿Ծ֮
ͬһһȴֱӺ˰쳤ӵ壡

ԶǺɫΪģ쳤ӵ˲ܺá
һ쳤ӿƺԭصĳ룬֮ǰһüͷ΢΢һ
ִںϣԣûдﵽںִĲΣӦһִܵá쳤һâ
ǿĳ棬˿µ;òԾϾµһֶ֮Ρ
һյһִϽһ쳤૵
Ȼֻǽִﵽܵ˹֮УȴҲһʱ䣬ڰ쳤ȫ޷ֵסһ֮һܹϧϾûķֻ֮ǽӽȻӽʵϣȻž޴Ĳࡣ
򡣡ŲԶĳ룬쳤ɫһ˿Ľ֮ɫ
򲻹ܶκβεߣǼΪѵûԵӱ˵ɱ֮ж򣬸Ǽѳ֣ɱʱ򣬿¶䡣ϧ⹬֮У飬չأˣûа취ٶԳ֣
ԭˣħһսš΢΢˫ۣоâһš
ħһǿߣǽչµ壬սţҲͨͬһֻǱܵɱܡⱾһ·֮ǰͽϣԼ·˶һһԵС·ûע⵽
ڣԼ·ѾƣȫɱѹեڣһС·ܵʩչȴĹٴһ㣬һʵı仯Ҳˣǰ쳤ӣֵס
ǹ£ΪóɱĴܿޱȣųûмޡֻܵһ˿ӣޱȵĿ£
û뵽ҾȻ
쳤ĿڳϣɫЩį
꣬ûȴǵһһصߣĴڱڴˡ
˵ǷϣҪǣǷϣֻҪǲϵĽȡվվ۷塣뿴򰵺쳤ӣĮ˵
쳤һЦǻʤԭϹ֮սĲԩ
Ϲ֮ս۵ġڴʱһ֮һ̣һӰڴʵǵͨΧ˼һս
쳤ûзϹ֮սУһĲ۵ĽɫҪΪʵҲܻڣλǿ߹ʱ򣬾ǿһ䣬ĺɫƬеһԱˡ
ѾĹսĿ⿴룬ɫһ˿͵
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æսʧڹ
սһ·Уܿһ޴Ŀռ֮С
ЩĹߵıսһµĺӽ롣
Ǻ֮һöǳƣд֣ǳ
ǰơ벻ɿս
˵ƣƣɽ˵ս

ɫ΢䡣
ܹٵģٶǲ֮мΪǿĴڣǸκһ߷ĻԵҪ֪𽲵ǺѵõģѰܽ롣
Ǭ˵ĵһĵȥֻԳž޴İǾǿ߿ڽʲôΣ
·ͨĹĽʲôȻܣǵıܳԱĿҲαΡɳȴδͨһ飬õľȻһλǿ߽볡ʸ
Ҽ˵ĵǲ֮ͣĵɲʲô˶ܽģҪȥҲҪ̤񾳣ǿöһս
֮ͣ뾪ǿعߣĴڣĴڣȻս˵Ľ֮ͣսˣǺεȲεǿߣ


639 뿪
Ҽ˵ľ磬ܲ²ġսȻ
ǿߣ˵Ľ֮ͣȻʸ񽾰ɲʲô߶ġ
ͬǽͬε߽ߣȻҲͬȻս˱һλǿߣĵǲҪȥ
Ȼ֣ԼƺСһƣԭֻǾҲǺα൱¼ֵĵ
һλǿָ㣬һλԪеָ㣬߼ֵһ
ǰ·ߣ󣬱ָս
΢΢ͷպãƣòϾսԣ̤񾳣ҲǿһҪƵ÷ӵȻǾԽԽá
ǰǲͨĹԴûͨ뿪뿪ڵ
ԡս˵ͷ
ԣ벻һϾѪƵ飬ԣҲʮҪģǶʱб¶ΣգֱͨĹĿ飬ܴѪƳȥĽõġ
츳̤벻𣬲̫׷סǸսĿڳϣ˵
⻰ѾǵһҲȻ֪ΪʲôεļסôǰȻȱսľ顣

ϵܡ
ǹѪͳͨӭȥ
Ѫ֣Ѫƿ뿪ˡ뿪ڵ
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ϵܵ˵޷ѪЦ
뿪һƬռ䣬ϳصʱ򣬽ò任ΪҺͳͨӣȻ뿪뿪ڵ
任ǵӣѪһ㶣ǵ桭
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Сͨõıɣˣ׷ȥͱˡͼæ
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ĸСӣÿһСӣ˵ĳһģһϢʮƣȴǳĸͬķӡһģ
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ˡ
ͬʱ޴ǰٴδһ첨
ģỹаɡ
ܵϤĲ۲ɫʱޱȵѿֻĸ飬ǽͷöڶ༸飬Ƕ֪ܻ㱨ˡ

һ̣Ӱ˾޴ǰȴ͹ӡ
ʦ֡ĻǼٵġ
һʱ䣬˿ӰȴЩȷ֪ˣǲǳͳͨ任òġ
ȥˣ͹ӸܵעǵļϢɴȵ
ʦ֣һС
ϻȥˣ͹һЩûͷûԵʻҲЩƲѡ


640 Χ׷½
ʲôͣģѵЩʦܻʶ
Ҫ֪׵λ״ӣ龳ֻһˣҲˣ׵£ʮֵ⡣ƽʱߵ飬ЩʦͲ֪ٴΡ
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˻һ͹Ӻɫ΢΢һ䡣
任ò׷ɱʵûʲôôΪһ֣Ϣͻᱻ£αãֻҪֹߣʶƣĻòݣֻҪӳ߾ܶ㿪׷ɱ
ʵϣǿ׷ɱһ㶼ĻòֻģΧɱĻòЩûнֹߣЩ߲֪ǵϢȻ޷һʱǵݡ
ɶ֪氲˶Ըǣ뿪ΪԻǵˡ͹ɫࡣ
ǧ㣬û뵽ܴ뿪Ҳû뵽һУһǰûãɹؼЩߣû룬Ȼ֪ϢֻܿģͶԷǴһΧ£
뾡ȷ˵ķ򡣡æ
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Ƿֳĸ򣬸׷͹ɫޱѿ׼ô࣬ѵҪó߲ɣ
ǵ˶ǳ֡
֣һ㶣üŽżֻһЩͨߣǣ
żߣֻΪ˴ϢϾʵʵ̫ǿ˶ѹµߣûסǣϳأȴֻصܹ롣֪סˣǶûڳ֮а̫ǿߣֻǲһЩͨߣ۲׷ٳ˵ٰˣϢһǿߣܼʱΧˡ
ҲҪסǣǱƵǶ֣˶ǽߣһǶ֡һЦ
˻һ͹ǰһѪߵĵˣҲȫǽһ֣СΧʱҪֳλλþ׶ˡ
뵽͹ûԥ̴Ÿ򹬵ߣǳԷƵöԷ֡Ҳûţ֪ͬͨߣʼ֡
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룬ɱˡͨǰɱߣɫ΢΢һ䡣
֪ǻһ֣ǽ֣˶ߵĽһ֣¶Ŀ̫ˡ뼱æ
ͨ˵ͷڳ뿪ʱ򣬾ͲµһУҲսһԷȻ޷ǵݣֻҪסһʱ䣬һ뿪żǾֱ˺ѿռ޾գʱ͹Ҫ׷ɱǣҲûôˡ
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룬ֻʣǺѪǱߣѪˣºܿͻᱩ¶ͨæ
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𣡡
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ţ˱ֱӳż
ѾûϢϢûеõĴţ֪ͨ͡
֪ͨʦܣǰ͹Ӽæŵ

˲䣬͹ӺǳȥҲ֪ͨǿߣȥ
ಡಡ
˸ոշӳϢһܴ
һ̣͹Ҳȫȷߵķ򣬾


ż˲ǳż⡣
ߣ
û˿ԥֱ˺ѿռ䡣
ǻ°ɡ
ڴʱһЦһ̣һĵⱬ𵴣ռ䶼Ϊ֮޷˺ѿռ䡣
ɶ񣬻Ǳ׷ˡ
ͳͨɫǱޱȵѿ
ѾСĵĶܣĶգǱ׷ˡΪż֮У޷ռ䣬żȴԣԷ룬ֻҪһʱ䣬һ㣬ѾռȻ
ɱ
û˿ԥ볤һ̣λһ⣬⻮գһƬռ䣬Ǳǻɡ
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˿һĻɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ʱףΪʲôͻ֣˵ʵʵ̫ˣ͹ܹԸġѾصΪδչ֮
ƣ
һ𣬿µĵӿſֲƣǽݺݵ˹ȥ
ͨߡ
ܵԶһռ䲨æ
ԣͨûԥֱ˺ѿռ䣬ʧεĽ֣޷֣Ϊ׸
䡫
һ̣ǽһһµľ촫Ǳǿֲ
顫
޴ϮصĻӾȻǱǿµ÷˰
ǿأȻʵǻһţҪ֪͹ӣʵĶ֣Ȼûչ֮ɽֻΪѹɱѰ۷ߡ
صߣȻû߳Լ·ɽֻǻΪԵֵȫһпЦĹܣΪܣΪ
ڵʵ߲ѣҪصߣܣԷΪѾ˵ƾŻΪֵܵǹ֮ܣĲ࣡


641 ӭ
ΣһʮᣬΪס㡣һм
ľܸߣ֮ϣһصߣҪ֪ż֮ǰͣھҲͺࡣһصߣȴھϳԽ
ߡһԴĿռ䲨ɫҲѿ˼㣬֪һλǿڸһλǿ߸ϵ͸ˡ
Ϊסң
ЦԷʵȷҲܶʱڻܣҪĸǻܶԷ߶ѣֻҪ뿪磬޾գӦصİȫ

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ȻһнֻΪʱ䣬Ҫնɱ룬ѹ֮£ֻѰصߣƶ
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ӵͺһµ겨˲䳯ųϮȥһӽսǾʲôˡ
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һҪסһԼ깥һССʧ񣬶ǼΪġ
µͬ޴ĺˣݺĻ
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ݡ
ڴʱͻȻһµܣһ̣гһ𣬼æסࡣ
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ѹҳ֣û뵽һصߣȻס㡣ԶһӰʵһϮɫۣӿһΣޱȵϢ

뿴Է֪һλߣġ
ʵڻ֮ϣӦѾ߳Լ·ɫޱǰӣǻӻҪһЩԷѾ߳Լ·
ǵѪ˵Ȼ͹ӵʵһ֮ǿģݣΪ񾳶ÿ֡͹ҲָʹһЩ龳°ˡ
˵һߣֻ龳Ѿ߳Լ·ߣעܹΪ񾳵ģߣ˵Ӧȫ񾳣ȴ붯Է֣ɼĵλǺε֮ߣ

һ뽫սһصߣƴһ£ϣսλ֣Ҫսǲܵ飡
ಡ
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һҶ޷ʤ֣ҶΣա̵ܼܵĿռ䣬ɫҲǱޱȵѿ֣ǱƵӲӲҪ֪ΪͲߣӲӲ֮£Կľ
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λص֣һ·׷ɱҲǰȫѹƣȻѹƳ룬ȴ³룬ʵǳ涼ڻӣʵ಻Ҫһζߵĳ룬Ȼôס

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ܵ겨Ļɫʱһ䣬ܹס깥öǿʩչ깥Բ

Ѫ֮дһҽУ͹ֻԼ꣬·˺˼飬һЩ깥֮£ֱ


642 
͹ӵĲҽУһ£Ҫӿڣ¶뵽Ļ³Ա͹ӻҪҡ
͹ӣһкңҲһ£ЩڣԼô׷֪벻ܶԸģ͸ӺͻӳֶԸˣΪʲôǵɱ롣
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СӡҡӴŭ;Ȼش̫ˡ

ֱӴ߶ݺݵ롣
ԶӴʱҲɱ˹
ߡ
ԭ͹ĳ룬òֵ˵Ĺ
ʱĻӺӣǺŭ֣ܿޱȣȫֵȴҲǿµܺ
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һĻֻüûиϵֻ̫֣ҪͲΪնɱ͹ʱ䣬һΧסѣ͹һ򹬿϶ǿ߸
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ϣүүĿģүү֮Ҳҡ̾Ϣ

ֱ˺ѿռʧ
ɶ񣬴Ȼ֡͹һʡ
һԵĻԣȴǲƲƲ죬Ǻεݣ׶Ըһ龳ߣ˻࣬ϧ˼л龳նɱġ񾳵ߣмڶ֣
ʦ𽻴ûɣԼܵش͹ɫޱѿΪֻô򵥣֮ǰʱһöָǽָ֮з֮ǰżڵõı
һνżûʲôջ񣬷شʧش
Ҫ¸ʦ𡣡ͳԸ֣׵˳֣Բó뿪
Ѿ֪ͨʦˡһԵĻӵ
ʦô˵͹æ
ʦʲôҲû˵ӵ
͹ԣﲻɵͺ
׵˼ȻûпڣȻһԶˣ
Ҳİ


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һ·ǧԶһǿҿռ䲨ţͨγǰ
ʦܣû°ɣ룬æ
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Сʦ壬û¾̫ˡһԵĳͨͬһҪ֪ߣǳʲô飬Ѱ
ô֪Сʦˣ˳ͨһۡ
ʦͨһΡ
Ȼ֪гСʦǲԸģͿعֻû˵ưˡһμ֮УͨȴǴĽ˳Сʦ塣
šͻȻɫ΢΢һ䣬ţԶһǿҵĿռ䲨
ʦ֡ܵǹǿҵĿռ䲨æࡣ
صģֻΪˡ΢΢һЦƺǵǿߣû⡣

һ̣һ߳˲Զ֮С
ˣ΢΢һЦ
ĿɨˣҾ֪ͻҲҲˡ
ôͻȻҺ׵ĶԹˣǲЩԹġЩֵ
Ҳ֣ǲĺ󱲣λЩͻĿڳϣ˵
ţԣɫҲ΢΢һ䣬Ҳ˵λ󱲣츳ƺû뵽Ǹ󱲾ȻͳЩԹ
λҵӣʦܡ࿪ڵ
ʦܣһĿڳϣüͳ졭
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һ㶣ʲôʱһͳְλһȫ֪ɿߵģȻʶģôƺΪͳأ
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СѷģСӲ̤񾳣뿪緶Χ߿룬лСѣʦʺá
߳๰˹֣˺ѿռ䣬ʧ
ʦ֣ôҪʳеɻ󣬲ԶȴٴδһǿĿռ䲨
컹ǺӣȻôǰܵǿĿռ䲨һЦϣ˼


643 Ĵ
ѣ
վԵĳ˶ЩͬѰȻλѲ֮ǰѡ
뵽Ժвһ

һ̣һӰԶ֮УһϮɫۣɢһɿµƣ֮֮ǰ˵ѹȸǿҶġ
ףСҲ˼Գ֣Ƿĸԡ࿴ˣһЦǹƶʱȻ޴档
׵ˣ
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࿪ڵʱ򣬳ͲµͻȻǿߣпܾ͹ӵʦ׵ˣ
֮ǰ͸߹ǣ׵гԹС׵¡պ͹ɱһһҪ˵û׵˵ʾ⣬ôܻš
׵ǰõ֤
׵˻Ϊ˶ԸңȻԳ档һ£Ҫóͨ뿪ͨʱ֪ͨ´ʱ׵˸׷ˡ
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͸µӵĴţ֪͹ӵһλصߣֻһ龳ߣ͹ӣҲ⣬Ͼµĥ£Ҳǳе顣رʵʵ£ֻҪ䣬ĳɾͣȻ͡
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㵹һõӡ׵ڣܳնɱ룬ҲûĻᣡ
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ʦܣһ㶣Ҳû뵽Ȼĵӣʦܣͽ飬ҲԪΪ޾գҲǼ磬û֪
οʱʵ̫ˣûлصԪ֮ǰ֪һ״ӣο׵ˡ
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ףǰΪ˿佱ʦܰɣ࿴׵ˣ
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ֱӴų˴ռ䣬ֱ뿪緶ΧǳսԪȥ
СʦܣοǸҳһڶģҾ͸еʹ졣սڣЦ
пЦһʦ֣׵˵ʲôԹ
ΪһȻɱһλѣ̾һ
֮ɱ˶ᱦǼΪǣ׵ԭʶȻ̸ʲô飬ɺôҲʶ׵ȴΪһɱһλѣȻŭ
ԭˡ
Դ˵ûие֣֮䣬һЩﶼһοˡ
׵ˣԼʦǲ𣬺޼ɣߣЩҲֻţɲҵ֪һϢ׷ɱ磬ӻؼ磬Ȼ⻤ɼϳҲɱȥ
׷ɱ磡
кȻҲǹģ磬񾳵ߣ⿿ŷУ¶ʱ䡣
Ҳѹһ潣ţϧ˶ûʮ¶ԷԲûн֡
ˣʦ֣Ϊʲô׵˳ƺʦΪͳ죿ʳɻ֮ǰ֣׵ˣƺΪͳ죬ƺʶ档
һ㶣ڵԭЩ飬ܽӴģøǣһż֮жвСջ񣬽̤񾳶ɣȻˣҾǰǺˡ
գһ۾š
ǿɻʶƣȡһƣ֮ϣдž֡
ͳͨǵͷڣƣȻİҪƣڼ磬ܵعѹƣ޷ȫӳԼʵ
ƣֻң׵ˣʦС࿪ڵ
У
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ƣһǶеһԱʦְλͳ죡Цŵ
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ѾµƼпܾһ׵֮ʶ棬ҲǸ֮м档
ƱƵģӵƣ磬صܵѹơ
Ҫϵߣͨ࿼飬ܼ룬˳㣬ʥҲеһԱݺʦһͳ죡
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ʥǲεǿߣϹ֮սͻĴڣʵɲ⣬ȻҲһԱʵжǿ
ǰЩʱƺҲҪ룬ʵҪͨºѡ໺

һѹ̤֮󣬾޾մԭȻΪ׼֮ǰ֣ôԪȹ̾ء
ʦж˽һԵĳͨͻȻ
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ľȻԽ룬һ룬ôҲǼ࣬ԵõԴ𶼺ƽżһЩָ㣬޾ĴµĵӣҲָһЩڵţս㹻Զһһбп
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Ĵ۱ǾľŵˣеƣƵģͳԪڵʮ򡣡໺
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뵹һ
ʮ磬ʲôµߣһûпһƬѹ־ľֻ񾳵ߣΪ̫ЭĴ۹ʮ磿
ʥ˵ĴϹʱʹڵǿߣʱͳһƬʵɲ⣬ǲҲֻһĴڣ׾ɱп
࡫
ʿˮεǿߣɱǶԷʵп£ѹֿͳһƬڵʮ磡
Ĵ۶ҶԣǴ˵һĴڣǣ̫ڣҪ̤񾳣̤񾳺󣬲Ż֪޾ǶôĹЦŵ
ԣǵ˵ͷĴۣǶԣʵ̫ңԶˣҪἰ֪оĴĴڡʵԽǿ֪أ


644 ̥
Ĵۡ
аԼãϹżǿߣӦǺ;ĴһεǿߣԷĵò֮͵Ĵڣ
ǾڳȥָڵƣвЩڴƣҲõ̤֮󣬲ǰ
΢΢ҡͷ벻ȥ£Ŀͣһöָ֮ϣöָ͹ʱץȡһöָ
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͵ĴָҺʱץȡġЦŵ
Ҫⴢָ͹żõıʱ˰ɡͨЦ
Ϲżĺôǹĥ£ξǱÿһٶѪԪεıǿһĶıҪǾûˣ붼ۡ
ֱĨ˴ָ͹ӵӡǣָ̽ڵĶ
ǡǽָڵı벻סˡ
Сʦ壬ôˣͨסɿڵ
룬Ϳˡ΢΢һЦ
İɣͨһ㶣һƺ뵽ʲôɾ
ġ΢΢һЦһһöӨС
ǡСɫ΢΢һ䣬⾹Ȼǵ̥
̥
ͳͨһ㶣ֻǾôﲻȴû뵽Ȼǵ̥̥Ƶĺģ
ϧ̥ѾˣƳɹҲαĲΡ΢΢ҡͷĵ̥ǼֵɾʹˣֻǷ˵ĵֵ̥ۿۣҲͨѪԪζѡ
Ͼֻ̥ĵҪƣҪĲϣƳɹҲֻαΣĵķѾ޴Ĵۣαû˻ôó۵߸Ը׷ƴ۵ģԸѪ
˻벻һæ̽ȻǷ֣ǾӨС֮Уûعȫ˵̥
ȻѾˣֵȴͣӦ̺һЩعЩһߣвСİЩĹ򣬲ĹףȽʺϲ򹥻֮ͷ֮Цŵ
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࣬Ϊѱɱ׷ɱ׵˼磬Ǻεȵķ
ʱΣ˶ڣһЩʮߣֻʣµӺѣЩΪںĶ
ѩӨѳ֣ôĿҲֻԼţٻΪͷɽЦŵ
΢΢ͷٻϾţϲվ֧ѩӨǾսߵĵˡ
ϸһǰֻΪ¶ɣȻ
Ͳսãɽţ˵˵ɽЩϵҲôŶԡ
ϵܹȻһ۱㿴͸ҵ⡣ɽ΢΢һЦ
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ʵǰ֮⣬һ£ϵܺһ̽һؾɽڵ
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ؾЩС磬ȻγɣǿµؾؾûʲôΣգؾ֮УһΣնߣؾ֮е޻һЩޡ
Ϊһ壬óѰĵرޱ޾գĵرĸ֪֮ϡ
ǻǬµĵһ޴ǳ֮Уͨ߶޷뵽ǳ֮УȻһȴˣһϣ巴塣
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ɽôҲ񾳵ߣٶһ֮ĴڣȻŲصߣҲûԴΪԼʵԺɽεᲢۡ
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龳Ȼ壬ûԴܹ񾳵ĲΡ뵭
񾳣ɲֻǹֶθǿ涼мΪµ֮£׾ɱ꣬ǿҲûá
ϵܲصģһؾǰĴ龳εߣҲΪǻûҵȥİ취ɽæ
ؾҲдС֣֮һЩؾС绹ҪһЩСؾֻһǳشСؾΣճ̶ȣҲǸؾĴСԽӴؾıԽ࣬ȻҲ͸ΣգСؾ٣ǿ٣Σճ̶ȻҲͲ
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뵽еڣҲм꣬ǧʱ䣬ԣȷǲ̣ɿЦ
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ϾϵܵĺѣЩҲǰԼãҪ֪ΪﷴĿɳ߲οɽ㲻ʲôѡ
ҸƾΣɽڵ
ԣ벻Ĭʽɽռ˲СıˣϾ񾳵ߣͬһһ֣ɽõĿܣҲöࡣ
ĬɽҲЩȻ֪ʽռ˲ٵıˣʵҲûʮճͬ⣬лһֻǸԿС
֮룬һΪʵȷѾӵнؾʸ񣬶ҲҪó롣Ͼô̵ʱ䣬Ѿӵʵ̤񾳶ʮɣĳɾͱض֮ϣ˫ȻѾһЩϵܹȻǸá
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ڣɽȥؾܲͬ⣬ǵǧңʵɽ࣬Ҳ̫ᱦҲþͲɽ˵һεؾɽֵģҪǶԷڣȥĻᶼûС
еڣ뻹ûȥ̽һؾһЩǿߵż̽٣Ҫ֪޾մżؾΪأ̤أշ֮޾մ̽ؾľ飬ȴһζûУһýؾʶһؾġ
ӦɽһͬʱҲЩʧϾռݲƣԵģ飬Ҳ͸١
໥ԼһɽǸ뿪ˡ
ӳͲ֮ǰݷó߲٣һЩϵȽ֮ܵ⣬벢ûнӼߡ
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ȴû뵽ȻΪһʸ


656 ˰
ݣʮ֮УΪһݣݵֶ֣еߣҲСΪƴ½ࡣ
Ԫ֮µС粻٣ܹͬƴ½ǰ㣬һС緢չزģҲֻƴ½һСѡƴ½ʵ̣һ
ݣ벢ǵһǰǰķڣȴǴһλǰ
֣һǧ꣬롣֪뵽ԳӭݹϵǳһΪݸȻޱȵ
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ĿһԵȻϣЦŵλǳֵĵӰɣ
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΢΢ͷпһõӰ
ֹˣСӻ˺ܶࡣ΢΢ҡͷȻڽϵ츳ܸߣ棬ԵһЩ
ˣܿ
ǰߵľ޴벻΢΢һ㶣ǺƵΪƣֻƵ롣
ƵƣศɣͬʱƵĥ£ЧáЦ˵
΢΢ͷһ㣬Ҳɽ˵ɽһߣҲޱȵϤƵĥº󱲵ģһΪ׼ģһΪһ׼ġ
һߣܹͨſˣţĥµջƵĥµջϣЧԲһһô򵥡
һߣȻһĥµʥأǿ֧֣Ȼȥμſ˵ԵʡҪ֪һƿݣҪ߽ʵ̫ˣֱӽУְܼ򵥣һ㼴ǳɡ
Ѿ˲СȫһߣȴȻû˿иһߣܹϷչ׳ԭڡǿ߿ٵС磬ع򣬹Ȼܹһϣͱһ߸ǱһߵڵĸԴ
Сһȥ԰ɣҺʦʧ΢΢һЦȻһơ
ǡȻӹƣӵƣܽĥ£ûƣһߣ޷
ʦģһʧȻ΢΢ȭɫ̤
Ȼ֪Ϊܹõõĥ£벻ϧҪһʸֵ̫˷˳һ˼ԼҲ޹⡣
֣һ𿴿СߵʲôزһʱԶİгڵΡ
һƵһΪƣֻǻԪȻɱǴ˹ȥ
Ԫرܴһ㡣Цŵ
Ȼܹһδһ㣬Ʋûиϵ֣ϾȻǧʱ䣬ڳĽ̵֮£ڻԪصʱһ㶼޷ֻ˵츳ʵ̫ˡ
ڶֻһȻǻԪصʵԸʵӽԪأһ־ĽʵС
ʵڶ㲻ѣ㣬ЩѶˡЦŵ
ڶʵȻѾǻԪصΪյĽҲǸӵľ
Ȼ㣬Ǳѹƣڼһ֮ܡ
ʵźܴܿ㣬ش㣬һҲǼΪټġƿڵ
ƵͬǰȽƣɺ㣬ǸʵֿѶȣҪܵһεĴߣѶǴӡڣ㶼û˴㣬Ԫصʱ򣬴ġ
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ǧ󣬴Ĳ㣬ĥ£Ȼڽϵ츳ҲǱ׵ھ
һ·ȻɳҲǸпѣҪ֪Ȼǰֻһͨɢޣߣ⡣ɳȴǿԷڽϵ츳ѾɳԺڵᲢˣ
ʮڣȻչ¶츳ʲôʮ꣬Ȼ츳»ᳬԽܶţֻҪʱ΢ŵĳԶһ㣬Ȼ츳ͺܿˡʮ꣬ڻԪ߶ԣܶݡ

Ȼĥ£ԼǱչʱڱչأǽ߲Ϊ;磬ҲǷٵš
ʱ䣬Ϊ̤أʵϣʱ˳ǧꡣڷ֮ϣȻûķ֮Ѿ಻ڷ֮ĸϣﵽż֮Ǹ쳤ӵĲˡ
ϧһȴôҲ޷̤߲֮ϣ΢΢̾һڷ֮ϵľȴǼΪҪһ֮ٶȣûǧ꣬
Ҫ֪߲ŲЧѰߺϲ٣ǲ߲ţҪһ֮µĺķʮʱ䣬пܡ
ϵܣѾҵڡڳٴαչ֮󣬴֮УȴǴɽϢ
˰ٶ꣬ǱԤƵʱ硣̽չأԭɽԣҪҵڶǧʱ䣬Ͼֻǹƣ˵Ҫʱ䣬ȻһǵȽϺãֻ˰˰ٶʱ䣬ҵؾڡ
ϸ磬ʲôʱæ
죬Ѿ󷨣˵֮ڽСɽŵ
˵ͷһηؾģɲֻɽһˣߣб񾳵ߣǵԼ񾳿Դһλ龳εͬ飬龳εߣֻԼȥ
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޾֮УһǿҵĿռ䲨֪Ӱƾճ֡
ϵܡԶɽӭ
Ϊ÷ΪѾ֮ɽɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
Ҫ֪֮ǰʱ򣬳Ǹ̤زãɶ̶ʱ䲻ΪȻ̤أҪ֪ľȻߣҲڴģʹֱΪĵҩҪֵ֪ҩֵǼģв̲꣬㣬Ȼܳʱʹֵҩ
ֻͨҩԪڶ̶̤֮أʵɽԾѡ
ϵܹǷˡɽһп
ң뵱̤꣬أ˽ǧʱ䣬ʧˣ¥֮УеٶȣǱȽϿģΪһĵһšΪڤ˵Ѫĳ⣬Ȼ̤񾳣Ϊȴûֱ̫֮ǰõѪԪִɢΪ;磬Ϊһصʱ̫ɽĳɾע̫
ϸͱЦˣΪҪ̽ؾҲõҩ֮ΪЦŵʱܣ˳ϧ֪⣬ûиˣ⣬ֱ˵õҩ֮Ϊ
ʵϣǳ뻹ǳϧ£û̫ҩ֮ǽʱΪֵһǣϧµʵҲѾǴﵽأľ籾ͼߣϾչأΪȻҲǸ졣


657 Ѫ
ɽҲû̫⣬ԣΪȻԽǿԽãϾؾģɲֻ˶ѣߡЩߵʵǲ̽ΣգʵԽǿȻͲҪ̫ĳİΣ
ϵ츳ĿõģǺųԪ̤񾳵棬龳Σûг츳ϵҩ֮ʱͻأɽҲǼֲ֡
ϵܣɽֱ˺ѿռ䣬ų볯ؾڸȥ
ؾλã֪ߣԵģйɽҲǺ⣬Գ벢֪ؾľλãɽǰ
ɽһ·˺ѿռ䣬ϵĴҲ֪Խ·̣һƬžͣ
ಡ
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Ҫ֪ΪػؾλãЩ֪ؾڵߣ֮УûóȻһƬߣһЩģֱӱɱ
޾վˣǿʳؾȱأȻ̫֪һ˴룬ڵһʱɱ
λǡһԵĿڳϣ΢΢üΪȻһ۾Ϳ벻صΪѡߣֶɱ
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λǳ˺ɽˡɽΪܵ
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ȻЩãһһ񣬱ϾǸɽģɮ濴棬ɽô񾳵ߣҲñֵ̫жԳֲ̬ȣȴǶЩ
ǰ롣
ų˽뵽һƬռոʮǸܵǿϢֲٶʮˡ
֮ǰɽ˵Щߣ龳εߣΪֻ룬Բû뿪һƬ򣬷ǸƽʱЩߡλ񾳵ߣȥѰԼͬ飬ΪؾԪȽϽɽͳ룬ǵһϻġ
ȻôߡҲǸпѣ龳ߣʮˣЩߣٶصΪص߶٣ʵ̫ģ޷顣
һⴳ¾֪һƬЩͬҲᱻϣɽ죬Ȼصıϡ
⻹ٵˣֻʮߣϼһͬ飬Ҳʮˣһؾ֣ʮˣǿߣǼΪġɽ΢΢ҡͷΪһؾȽСѰڵٶȹ죬ؾϢδ¶ȥô߳ռһƬ򣬶ǿߵĻɡ
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磬Ԫ磬ţҲ֮бȽϳһţǰֻһʮͨţȴһλţŽߵڡʵſ±¥Ҫǿϼ֣ܽӽԪĳˡ
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ǰ˵ЦˣǰǰΡæ
쵶֣ôҽһλɽĿ쵶ԵĽϣԷҲԽŵߡ
λҴʦֵĵӣԪ쵶Цŵ
쵶ʦǽһλʵǿĳϣ̤񾳣һ쵶棬һ쵶Ĵʦ֣ӱʦΪ״ӣ۷ĽԪ
Ԫʵƿֻһ̤񾳣쵶պĻᣬµȻЩ龳ߣʵͽԪȶ˲٣ԲŻὫԪϾԪֻһ̤񾳣ܹؾ֮ջһ̤񾳣Ԫʮָм쵶棬쵶ȻҲԸ⽫
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Ǻεʵһ񾳵ߣŶԣʮҪģǽţһһλߣһΪֵø˵顣
쵶ϵܣɽϵܣǵһûڴʱԶһ
쵶ɽɫ΢΢һ䡣
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ԭһؾһЩ龳߷֣Һ쵶ͬʱ֣ͼ˽ɽ

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λ߽ؾͲǺ𣿡쵶ɽɫЩѿʱһͻأͻȻӿ׳Եﴫ
󵨣ʲô
һ龳СҲ񡣡
ԣ쵶ɽʱŭѣ


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ʵϣɽΣ㲻ύһΣǶԲûκεʧֻǱ֮·ѱȶ˺ãŻύһԺ󵽶ԷҲÿڡ
Σȴ龳߿ҪġͺƺɽΪϸ磬ΪɽԳϸ磬ôƺҪóƺ쵶Ϊϸ磬ͬԣ㿴쵶᲻ᷢŭ
񾳵ԼĽΣཻǵ£߿ǵϣ
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ԭ˶ѪһžѾǲڶԷ龳߾Ȼ˷ˣȻǴŭѡ
˵ɽ쵶棬ǳҲ΢΢üԷ˵ȷЩ̫񣬾Ҳһ˿á
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˵ЩأǸħˣʵ²СģҸղź쵶һ£һؾɽ
΢΢ͷѪǵ˵ʵɽ쵶֮ϣֶһصħˣ쵶ɽȻо˾޴ѹ
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޾ʵ̫ˣǲεߣеû£Ըķ꣬߱޾ա
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660 ɽı
߲ȸʯǹͻ񾳵ЩѾ˽ķ֮һ߲ȸʯʵǽ߲ȸʯɣʵȻܹ̤񾳡
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ݡ
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ǡܵǿµƣ̻ͷ̱Ǽǹ޿еɫ棬ɫҲǶʱ䡣
ɫĻֻȭͷôһ㣬ɳȴǸܵޱȾ޴вòɣһǿµɫУ䡣
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ֻһˡɫһ˿֮ɫһ̣ƾʧת˲֮䣬Ѿǳǧ֮⣬ռ䡣
ڵĳ룬ʩչռֶΣҲǼܾ޴ĸá
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ͻȻɫһ䣬һϸ΢ɫСϣһֱ̣Ӵ͸Ƥ뵽֮С
ɶ񣬾Ȼδɢ󾪣ɫĻ棬ȻûȫɢʣһС㣬ɾС㣬ȻΪɫȫɢ֮뵽֮С

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˲仯ӴĻ꺣껯ȻԶԶûдﵽ꺣ĵزҲǵǸСˮ̶ɱȣ޴Ļ꺣ֵɫǵȼա
ʱ仺ţÿһ̣ޱȾ޴ʹࡣ

ڣҲ֪ȥãɫĻǣǳ׵ʧ

볤ĺһˣѾǱˮʪ͸;񣬶ƣ˼㡣
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ϵܣû°ɣɽæ
˵أǻܹȼꡣû֮ʧһ˿߶ԣǾ޴ʧ³ӵ׳꣬ʧȴȻָֻ׳
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Ҫһطָһ¡뿪ڵ
ɽͷ˱ɽ֮ѰһȫĵطΪ뻤Ҳúķ̫ʱֱָӽʱָϾʱٲһʱֻҪܶʱ䣬ܳ׵Ļָ
ϵܣôͻָˣֻǺɫԲ֮д˰ʱʱ䣬ǳɽǰ
΢΢ͷȻŹȥʱʵϣȴѾָʱʧǵ꣬Ѿ׵Ļָ

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ϵܣ߲ȸʯҿûҪɽæҡͷ
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ѹؾһ֣߽룬ֱضǱ벻п
Ű죬ջ˲ٶ龳񾳶о޴ôĵرЩǰĳ룬ûУȱԪǺܶ౦ûطϾȶ龳ǿмô񾳶Ҫĵرһ㶼˽½ףȡԼҪĵرԪΣǼȱõԪĵطҲࡣ
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΢΢˵ͷ֪ͨʦû
Ѿ֪ͨˣİɣǴؾȥؾõģǵġɽһЦ
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661 ͻ
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УɽӶ
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ɣüͷһӳ˺ɽϲûиеʲô⡣
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һʱǷ֣ԼƺСɽϾһλǿߣ˵ʵǿͬǲ֪˶٣ڵĳɾͣƽձֳǰ
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ûʲôֻǷ֣ƺڲʶϸ硣п
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ҲصģĶԸǣҲ벻սɲֹô򵥣ʱ»ÿƾ֡ɽЦŵ
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ŴĵرӣĳͻҲԽԽ࣬˶ǰһֻ龳飬ɽҲǰ׸ģֱӺԷߵƵöԷߡ
û뵽һɫȻεʯ֮УҪǷӹ£һ˿ɫ⻪¶޷֡ɽЦ
һɫȷ̫ΣҪ֪һƬ򣬶ѾֻһɼǼӹûûʯ֮еɫΪǷ϶ʵ̫СҪ·ĵطպÿԸϵһɫ⻪뵽ʯ֮УȻҩ
ϧɫ񾳰󣬳ϵҾͲˡɽ
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һνؾ֮УҲΪѰԵܹѰҵ龳ıͻ񾳵Ҳ͵
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ԭħ˶ûһؾ֮лɫһؾ֮н֮Լõıܴܲеõɫ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡ħоâ
һԵѪǵ˼״ﻹħ˵뷨æʱ˶֣ҹɽѾ֪ͨ쵶棬һ֣ʵͻȫ¶ˡ
ħԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱ侲һνؾ֮Уɲֻɽһ֣쵶棬ûؼʱ̣Ѫ沢ħ˱¶ʵ
Сѣɫо޴Ը⽻ңԸԪΣħȻԸʹ˷ɫЦſڵ
ڣԣЦھɫ浱صߣ۲ʶ
벻ʶѲһԵɽ۾Ҳˣ֪ɫļֵ붼֪ħˣô뵽ƷԪеɫġ
ħ֣ҵһĽ顣뿪ڵ
С뽲ֻҪԸɫ۸棬ҲǲħԣɫһϲΪɫҲγƺ
ϣҲǿܹճƷԪһɫһѣҲҪɫ뵭
㡭
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ҪϵʮƷԪɽ
ʮƷԪôȥħ˴ŭ
˵ʮƷԪòõóҲɫϾɫļֵҲʮʮңȻԸʵɫûԸԼ۸Ȼûô龳߸
Сѣħ˻ǺгģԸ⣬۸һԵѪ
ѪǰҶɫļֵӦ֪ɫҸܳ֡뵭
ؾҵջ񶼲СԪ˭ò֮£һЩĵرǿԪ򲻵ɫ龳߶ԣֵжǶҪóóĶĵر¶עĶĵرֵѾˡϾɫмֵ󣬱˵ʮԪڣǶÿһ¡
ಡ
ͬʱԶӰӶ쵶ͽԪ
ߡѪ̾һħһʧ֮С
СӣҼסˣɫҪˡһЦڳ
ħ˵Ĵüͷ΢΢һ壬ɫҲǳȻħˣѾǶ
ɽϵܣСѡ쵶Цŵ
쵶ָˡɽڵ
ԼһѪ棬ΣգȻӦø쵶浭ȻһЦ
Ѫʵǿħ˵ʵҲ飬˭ҲǶԷĶ֣ȻҪѪǵ˸ˣ֪ô¡
λһϲɫһ·ϣֻջСɡɽĿ쵶ϣЦŵ
УһЩջˣǵջҲҲᱻѪǶˡ쵶΢΢һЦ
ؾΣղҲһЩȻγɵĻܰһЩΣգоһЩǿޣ֮⣬Σߡ쵶ʵͱɽǿؾ֮УѪĶ飬ˣ޷вջȻ̫
֪ûоãһؾĵرƺ̫һЩɽͻȻ
̫ˣ쵶һ
䡫
ڴʱԶһµľ촫һ̣Բɽ˵֮УֱӱΪƽء
ಡಡ
ͬʱǱӰһƬ֮зӶ֮ǰ뿪Ѫħˡ


662 Դ
Ѫħ˵ʵǲѪ֮Уʵǿģħ˵ʵ³񾳵ǿߣǿһǿһ龳ǿϣȻǱ
һĻ˵ɫǱ
֮ǰǿµľ죬ܣǶеľ˵ʲôȻǱ
ؾǶ̽Ĳˣûʲôط©ôвǵĴڣ쵶ɫء
ؾǶ̽˲ֹһΣѪħ˳µĵطҲȥɲûʲôΣա
ѵˣɽü
ؾ֮УʵǿޣҲ۷ζѣȻЩΣգҲڸǱػ߲ȸʯĹʵͲʵϣɽܹѹƶԷֻǻе鷳ˡ
ܣ󷨣ֲ֪صߣҲϢĽ쵶΢΢ҡͷΪ˷ֹǿǽؾ֮ǿ˲ٵֶΣһߣ޷Ϣƿǵ󷨡
һ󷨱ƽ⣬߱Ƕײǵڣǲûз˿⡣
ߣȻҴű˯һƬǽɽһŭ
ʲôߣ
˻˵ɫһ䣬ǽؾûؾ֮УϾؾ֮еĵرڣһ룬Щĵرôܱ
ؾĵرǾ֪ؾӦûб̽Ŷԣڣؾ֮оȻߣ
䡫
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ϵĺʮȥŽ͸ܵʱʯ俪õʱʯƬһ飬ҲֻаƴС
ֱӷ¼öָԪĵҩ뿪ʼŽ͸ȡΪ֮ǰĺ͸ûǶ֮ͬǰǰֱӷǽ͸ȡ˳
ƺҲûʲô⣿е͸壬뷢֣⾧壬ƺûصĵط
ϣ˷ʮʱ䣬õĲһȽϼӲľɡЦһյʱ䲢˷ʮȡһѾǺܳʱˡ
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666 ŭɽ
Ϥͷһֻ֪ʱɽ˺ͳѾ߻һλ۷ߡ
ԭɽ˵Ķһˣ볲Ѩ֮ǱǷֳСӣǿ˾ӦԪħߡ㲻УȴҲû⣬䳲һĳѨ̽ԽȻԽãϾǱȳ˺̽ʲôﶼòҪ֪ǿðŵѪ˶ʲôﶼòǿɾͿˡ
ǡüͷ΢壬ˣȻû˿ĺøУϾ˿ǳѪסԴ޽ᱦһţ˭һ̵棬ͻȻ˲ֽժӣʲôɫȻҲ⡣
ԭǳϵܡɽ΢΢һЦûɫĿĶųе͸壬ֻǽⳲѨǱǲѨͬѰıȻֻǱȳ˼һЩڵıͱѹһա
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ģ˭˭ȻȡҵԴɫܵԴ֮صԴͻȻûϢ޴˫֮ͫУʱŭ
Դ֮ڵԴ޶ԲںЩѼѣ㲻ʲôԴȴǰУž޴İһʧȥűԴ֮ذٶȣҲ
ɶߣȥȥ
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쵶ɽɫҲǱȻ֪ѪеıԴ֮ʲôɴɫĶϵâ֮УҲǸܵ޴вǺɣһâУǣ¶ش

һ̣ɫͷϵĶ΢΢һΣԲʮﶼ΢΢һâ˲䱬Ѫ档
ɶ񣡡
Ѫɫһʱޱȵѿ
֮УʵǿԴȻڵһʱ䣬ѡһɱ쵶ɽסԴޡ
Դ֮ĹֻܶһˡѪǱâһЦ


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ȻǰѪǽ˫ͫâĹ켣ܳɹıܿԷɱһ
ÿµĹȻƵҶ˫ͫѪޱȿɬ˫ͫıƣصĹױܿһʹ˫ͫûʮ꣬ʹõڶΣʱ˫ͫʧ
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Щ˻ǽƻԪܵŵĳ˵ˣɫʱޱȵѿ
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ģﾹȻһ·׷ɱˡ˺ɽ˵ɫǱޱȵѿ
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߷׷ŭţĿⶼ޲̻˳˺ɽˡ
˭ǱɽһЦ˵ķŭвΪ⣬ٶȲͳ˷ӳȥ


668 ӳؾ
ݡ
һĻ벻̾һ֮ǰͬ飬ֶԸת֮䣬Щͬѣͳɽ˺ͳ˵
һЩˣʲô֡ħ˲м
һЩ龳ߣħ˶֪ʶȥߵԣ·ʲôûз
Ǵ޾ĥµĴ۰ɡипһ
е̫̣ȻҲʶٵɱϾĲ࣬ʵһߣʼڸĴ紳ĥ¼䣬˺ܶࡣ
֮ǰɽԣѲƶͷıѷĿǺ顣
ڤ˺¥ĹϵãɽڶԷȥʱڤ˵ѪԪֻɽûгɹħ֮£ѪԪлһΣɽԲѪԪ
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Ȼ˻ָжԴޣѾɱ˹
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䡫䡫
촫ߵըǻߵҲֱӱǧ롣
ӣתԪָϵƣһͷηӡ

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˸û뵽Ѫ˻֣ոշӦѾǱ顣

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669 Χɱ

޾֮Уһ첨ţӰƾճ֮СǸոմؾ뿪ĳˡ
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񾳵ߣֺ顣ип
˭Ҳû뵽˻ѡʱ֣Ϊˣ˲һ֣Ͼɽ˻ó˷е鷳ġҪ֪֮ǰԴɱ˿ĲС
쵶ϵܡѪǿ쵶档
쵶̾˲ɽվһûԴ޵вѪвġ
ϾǶ²⵽Դ޶ıʲô˭˭Ҳ֪
Ѫǵ֣ҿǻǾʹ˷ֱɡ쵶
ֻҪ˺ѿռ뿪ѪҲκβڵ磬Զܻܿص硣
ɽͬޱȾĿѪ棬Ѫ˵ʵǿ쵶ԼһѪжֵ˼˾ʱȻվ쵶һ
λˣҿûжֵ˼Ѫæ
ߡ
ɽ쵶涼һЦ⻰˭ţ֮ǰɽ˺ͳ˿ת۾ͶԼ֣ͬǵ쵶ɽͬѪĹϵԶûг˵ǰ
Ǿ쵶ˣѪ治ЦȷֵֶĴ㣬ڷԴ֮ǰĵƣ˫֮ͫѾõڻûаˡο粻Զ˵ߣ쵶Ԯ˵ñ߸Ԯ
ѪǣһԵħ̴Ͼڽؾ֮ǰ˿ˣһ뿪ؾͻԳ˶֣Ѫӣûжֵ˼
ħҵ˫֮ͫѾõˣûаǡѪ洫
ġħЩʣϾһνؾɫǻڳϣΪҪõֻѪǿĵѾõȻЩƣɶ񾳵߶ԣȴûʲô̫в

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ܡ쵶洫
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Ѫ쵶һ㶣ȷһʼɽ˵ֻ˭Ҳûе棬ϾһصߣǶû⣬ɽһۡ˭뵽뾹ȻʵΪֻأ¶һλΪѵţɽ¶ύԷѹɽһֱƺԷϵܣҪǣǳʵ츳ȫƺ
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ʦ֣ǸѪҲСʵֻ²С֮¡ɽٴοڵ
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670 ͬ
Ϊ׵ֱѪ棬Ѫʵǿһһ۷塣Ѫʱһսʵֻȫʢʱڵ߰˳ɣ˫֮ͫѾõսȻǴۿۡ
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Ѿųȥڻûлš쵶Щε
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671 ֮
Ѫ滹쵶棬òϣɽͶʺ׼һߣʵֻҪ;䣬ĳɾͱȻ֮ϡ
ͳһ飬˵ҪԷĵطѪΪʲôԭħǰħʵһҪԭΪԷ츳ߣľų֮ϡ
ڣѪֻһͨߣλߣħ˽ãԷɳ󣬶ҲǾ޴ġ
ԮҲٳˣǿʼȫֵӵ˵Ĺͬŵĸ
Ȼˣһ㶣ԭѪսˣһ׼ߵģھȻͣɱˡ
ôɡӵǻĴڣܿ뵽һֿܣɫʱޱѿ
ѪӦúɱȥܵĿ϶ǣȴûߣȻ߸
޾չޱȣҪһƬԼŵߣָʺܵͣҲԼ總ĸʱȽϴʵϣҪ޾Ԯʧܸա
ѪˣƺѾԮ
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뾡սӺ˫ʵһһֻһ۷ߣܸܿıս֡
֣߸Ǳ߾սӶߴ
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һ㶣񾳵ߣΧɱѪ˶ȻܴģҲûʲôͬ飬ȻǵõѪȵϢġ
ԭǣֻնɱˡ̾һʱҲΪϧħ˵ʵΪԺˣȻðա
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ʱĳ룬Ժ֮УֻһͷǾǵסһ

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ԭǴӳǱȡͻƣϾһǾܶһ񾳲εսֻû뵽취ûܳɹ߳˵СȻǱҪȡͻƺѣֻܴط취
볤һĿҲǱ࣬Ҫͷ֮ߵĿһҲ޷һ٣ûУߵ깥ҲܴܴҪָûĶܡ
ħңϼһﻹһöҩħ˴
㣿ħһ㶣üͷһ壬ʵڳ֮ϣϳ롣
ѵ㲻ѵһϼһ봫
ðɣҿҪȸ㣬ҿɲϼһĶ֣ԼСġħ
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˵ѾǷŭޱȣʱɱԼŭɳ⣬һ𣬱һ޴ĵ⳯ųȥ
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һѪɽߵ϶ʱһ޴˿ڣ潻֣߾Ȼˣ


672 ʵ
ģСӵĹܣҲǿﵽ񾳲ΣķֶΡɫѿ˼㡣
ͬʵһ֣ԴΪŲ壬ŸҺλɱɱѪ˶ӳؾ
Ϸ֮ȻԶԶûдﵽԴǸΣҲԲܹвġ
ߵĹɵֵԳĹȴȫһСĶˡ
֮ǰɱΪħ˴󲿷ֵľڵֵߵĹûлᷴȻûбĵģڣɵֵĹɷ
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ʦ⹫ѷһȻӮƲƲ죬ȻΪѾǻԪأ񾳶ԣ̫ңԶˣ޷񾳵ߡ
УʵҲͺͳ࣬򲻻ᱻѹƣ֣ȻӮԷһˣȻ
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ɲһ۾ͿһصΪһ龳ߣȻܹѹסԷʵǲ򵥡
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лѸȡ
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⹫㻹ѷһˡƲƲ졣
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⹫񾳵ʵʦҲ񾳣˭ͻȻ
ȻʦˣһصߣΪʦֶɱһŵ

֪ν
˻ûڣֱӵӵ˵ģһˣȻʮһһسڵߣȻһɱǣҲδ̫ˡ˱ܣǺΪ֪ԷԮˣǵƵȻ޴棬ɱȥܵĺܿǡӵ˿˴˵ʵȻЩ࣬Ҳ̫󣬸̸Ϻη塣
ʦ˼Ҳ㡣ƲƲ졣
˻һѪҲǿЦѣ˵ӵ˲ţҲţֻǶԷϾǣǲֱ˵ˡ
ʦŵġʼ磬һǳӵ￪⡣
룬ͬһ˳ְɣѪ쵶漱æ
սǵģޱȾ޴Ѿû˼ɱȥĴ㣬Ͼɱ¾͵ƴˡߣÿһޱȵϧ߲ƴ԰Ȼ뿪ȴǵƴһսⲻ鷳
֣вҲǼæ
Ͼ̫ؼˣܣǶ鷳
ģһЩһصߣһ
ðɡЦǶѪ˴˶ǱС
СǿȻһ˺ҽ֣ӳһЦ
Ǻ㽻֣ǣһְɣܹһ뿪
һ֣
Сӷ˰ɣ
ʵ̫ˡ
߼ˣʱŭһصߣҲδ̫λ񾳵ߣΪĶ֮¡ǿյӣΪǴﵽһ۷塣
һΪҹˣû뵽ħпЦǼΪ߰ʱؾܺ񾳵潻֣ȷ԰ʱǺͳͬȣֱС׼ס
˼һսĸ񾳣
ϻ࣡
Цһһ̣һ⻮ӵˡ

ɱ
ӵ˴ŭȻѪߵʵһЩɶԷǣҲǳ׵ķŭˡ񾳵ߣޱԼģʲôʱһһسڵߣҲ˿
鷳ˣ׼սɡѪЦ
ԭΪսˣû뵽λͬţĵһʵ̫ˣһڣȻֱǱƵӵٴη

⻮˲Ƕӵ˵Ĺһ̣ɢԶ˵˲ըϢҲɢ֮С
࡭
һĻԭ׼ֵѪˣǼѵʿˮһȻһնɱλ񾳵ߣлһλһ۷ߣ
˿Ŀ֮жǶһ˿η֮ɫ̫ǿˣһܹӵеʵصߣδܹɣ
ȤΪܹһأҵͲð˳ɺˡƲƲ졣
˻һѪиǷκˣ˳ʵǿҪȫ֣ǸǺεȿ£
ʵҲǾȲѣҪ֪̤ҲֻмѰȻնɱһ۷ˡ


673 ֤
һƼΪѰȴ׵նɱλߣɽˣ´һʼû
˿µһʵľѡ
ǵĸŵĵӣȻ˿£Ѫһ˿˼֮ɫ
ѪڵţһλҲħ԰ԭΪʦǲ״ӡ
ˣҲͬҫ۵ţ츳ߣѪȴ⣬ϾԷڵʵûʲôвͬһնɱĸ񾳵ߣԷˮѾ˫֮ͫûõ۷״̬ѪҲ˵ܹĽ±ס
һųһźǽţǾͿˡ
Ȼʦ⹫ɵüˡٺһЦ
ԣЦãҪ֪ڿصΪܹбѵˣնɱ񾳣ûصΪû˿Ŀܡ
ϾڵŷֶΣһصߣɵԷͬʱ뻹ߣû취Ԫ񾳲̫ˡ
ͬԪģ񾳵ߣԼһʱɳһ㣬ԪĴˡ
⹫Ҳͦģʦû⹫Цŵ˻ǲ٣ȻҲȴ룬صΪԺ񾳵ߣ潻ֶܡ
ԣȴֻƲƲ죬ģǲţڳԣҲúƽϣҪħˣ¶Լֱˡ
ϵܣλǰǡɽ˵ʵһһأɶԷսȴޱȿ£ߣסԷһƺԷΪǰʲô֮
ĵӣ봫
ԭĸͽʧʧɽæֵ
ǡĿɽϣɽʶҲ֣֮ǰһֱڱչس񾳣̤񾳺󣬾뿪ԪȻǲ֪ʶһλ񾳵ߡ
¥ɽɽ
΢΢ͷɽʶ¥¥ƣ˿±λĺˡ
һԵѪ쵶ٴεл֮󣬱Ǹ뿪ҵɱҲǼлЩģͬŶǳ֣ʵɲֵܹġ
սڣɽڻָĵԪ
ʦ֣ôôɳ벻ɺһֱ޾մ̤񾳺󣬶ٳԪ磬붼ûôԷ
ŮҪͻ龵ˣҴЦŵ
һ΢΢ͷҲǷ֣ΪѾǴﵽ˻Ԫؼޣֻһ̤龳
ٶȣĸ׳֮ܰϣͳܰûʲôʦ̵ҲвСĹϵϾܰ͹˲μſ˵ʸ񡣳Ҳûų£ͳϧԽ̵ϧµľ籾ͼߣ̵Ҳþͱǿ̵߽
ʵһλΪͻ֮⣬һ£Ҫ㡣ɫȻֱӽ˵ĶԻε
ţԣ벻һ㶣ܹ֣ص飬ȻʲôС£ȴ֪ʲô飬Ȼ⣬޾շѯ
֮ǰ̤ԪأͻȻ˱仯üΪǿ
ϵ䣬Ҳһ䣬Ǻõķ棬û̫żҲǿƺһѪʲôϾ֮ǰһֱ飬Ҳ֪ġ
ǲʲôѪ롣
ϵȷѪ˵ͷ£ҲʲôܣʵһЩмʶʵǿߣܿϹսֱӵϵħѪֻ̤񾳲ã۲Բ֪ħһĴڡ
ʵһ㣬ħһϹ֮ս󣬱ҲкܴĹϵϹ֮սħһʧ޴󣬱ϡǵģʼЩͨõħѪˡħһʥأһߣ֪ǵĴڡ
ȻҲû̫֣ʵܶ϶Ѫ֮Ͼһһ̤Ԫȫģܶߺ߽ϣߵѪʵΪӵġ
߶̤ԪڵѪҲԽԽżһѪ֮Ƚǿĵ
û׷ʲôϾѪ֮Ϊ⣬֪Ҳûã֪ϵѪ֮Գ룬һѾ㹻ˡ
ܹܵѪ֮ǿ󣬶ҼеѪп
꣬ҲǼʶӵѪ֮ߣߣߣͬѪȴǵһμ
ħ֮Ǻεȵǿ󣬽ֻͿȷ֮Ŀ·ǿ̺һִܡ
ʦ֣ûߣʵǿΪģ벻ɿڵ
ѪɱΪħѪħһǿߣǰħ¼ѪҲɱ䣬˵ӦǿǰѰŶԡ
ûУôˣ΢΢ҡͷɿ롣
ûʲôҡҡͷΪڵѪȻǷ֣ڵѪѾɱħѪΪѪ̤Ԫ֮ģԳܹоѪľƺһЩʲô
ҴŹܲ뿪ڵǽħһǿµħ¼ڸ
ŹֻħһߣܴܽУߵõħһ壬Ҳ޷
ô𣿡Ƭ֮ѹæڵ
ԡ΢΢ͷ⹫ʲôƺǿӣ
ʲôҲֻоڵѪ֮ЦҲֻǵõŹżλǰӡ֮е·ߣǰħһʥص·ߣȴҪ̤֮󣬲ܵõ
סŹƽһҪи뿪ڵ
֪ˡ΢΢ͷѪɱ䣬ҲܹܵѪ֮ǿĹô
֣ҵѪɱ䣬ħһǿߺܿ˹˵Ѫɱ䣬ҲӦ֪ŶԣȴûߵЩ֣ܹħ¼˵ѪѾɱħһѪŶԡ
ҡҡͷ벻ȥ£ܿɽûˣֻ̫󣬻ָȻѡ
˱ǽڳѨõıһɽȴֻѡ֮һӣдǶаһЩĵر
ϸ磬ǲǳѨı˴ƽ֡벻ɵ
ϵܣûɽ˵˵飬ȻһΣҪֳ֣ҿ¶ûˡõ֮һѾˣο֮ǰնɱɽˣһõһöָҵջɲñ͡ɽЦŵ
⡭һҲֻҪգϾвٱвСİҲҪ̤龳龳ߣҪԴǲ١


674 Դް
֮˻صԪ硣
ɽЩȻýؾĻ㡣ɽ뿪ķһп
Ҳ΢΢˵ͷò˵ĥ֮ɽѾǵǸڤѪԪĶߣΪһεľõɽӵĵ͵
ϧ˵Ǳľһܹ̤أ¾ļˡҡҡͷܶţΪ֮·ˣħճɾͲߣǵǱǱѾźľ
ʱ䣬ĵˣж츳ߣյʱ֮ϡ
˵һεǷһ顣Цŵ
飬ɲǷҪġҡҡͷߵɲôǷģֻƵһʶ鼫ޣȻһֱ鼫ޣҲвСջ񣬿ֱסĸоܡҲߵ׳ʱ
ں봳Ƶųɹ̤񾳣Ҫ̤񾳣ɲô򵥣붯Ϊһ鴫ƣȴһ顣
ߵһǷ£˵ͻĳйؼʱ̣Ϊߵ谭ȴ飬ܿ谭
¥ʵ̤֮ǰ鲻Ҫһ΢΢һЦҲ⣬ǷµȻСҲڵ໹ĵز¥ʵʱҪ顣
΢΢һЦҲ˵ϾǳǷµ飬ʲôʱҪ˭Ҳ֪
ˣʦּ֣㿴£һֱ͸ƺ뵽ʲôͻȻڵ
Ŷ㿴͸Ķ
һвЩ
ôҲĵӣһЩҪΪﵽһ̶ȣܹۿĹ似ĵ伮ǶԳ뿪ŵġЩ伮źܶĶһߣͷĹŸҳȥ㱦ǰǶδϵãӲ֪Ǻ;
뵱ǽ͸ľȡ˳龧岢ôۣԵɽѡģû龧壬ȴǾã龧Щ
龧塭ӹеľ壬龧壬ͬûмУȴܹܵĲ֮
صľ壬ҲʲôҡҡͷϾ̤񾳲ãȻڳ֮ϣҲ˵ʲôﶼ޾֮У˵񾳵ߣܶ౦ط𶼲˵֪
ԣ벻Щʧ⾧壬ȻпܱͬҲпֻһȽصľѡҪ֪޾治УһЩصĶûκεôɱȷʵΪء
ȻʶʦǾľŵСӳļʶԶһ֮ϣܹϳЦŵ
΢΢ͷϲ⾧Ҳֻ棬Щ꣬ţڵ飬ȴڱչأĹ㣬ûʮʱ䣬¶޷ء
벢ûгͨݸȥǺһǰţһ̤񾳣ӵһ˱չУҲҪڡ
һյĹ˱ǻصţֱǰĹ𹬵ĳϣڳҲǲİæͨܿǼ档
⣬Ѿˣһؾ֮ջ񲻴Цŵ
ؾǱأΣղҲڶߣԸĵط
һҪԴޣҲջ龧Դ޵ĳѨеõġ뿪ڵ
ѨһЦǿɲʲôѨԴ޵ıԴ֮ء
Դ֮أ
һΪǳѨԴ޵ϳȴû뵽ǾȻԴ޵ıԴ֮ءѹֵ˳֣޷ѨԴ֮أºԴһܹؾ޷ƻ
Դ֮أʥأԴ֮Դޣ߸޷΢΢ҡͷ
밵ͷֻǽ뱾Դ֮أоܹĸоĴڣܹвһ츳ͨߣɾҲ͡
УҪΪȫĻؾ֮УԴǲĴڣڱԴ֮Уǲܵ顣۷߲Ǹεߣ¶ѾϱԴ֮ˡ
㲻ԴޣֻǸոյãһЩǿԴޣؾ֮У۷ߣԶԶǶ֡п
밵ԵͷԴΪֻһأҪ֪Դ޵񾳵ʵбԴ֮ʥأɳٶȿǼġ
ǰǿ龧塣æ͸ȡ˳
ǡ濴͸壬һ㶣ӹϸĴһƬ̺ƺȷǾڵȻǼ
ǰʶһæ
΢΢ͷڵûв´龧壬ӦԴĵطõİɣ
ͷ龧Ǵʯи˳ģʱʯڻǬõ߲ͬЧȻԴƽյ֮ء
龧壬Դ濪ڵ
Դ
գһ۾Դһ˵ȴԼãԴƺؾԴйء
ԴԴ޵İ߶ԣ֮濪ڵ
֮һһʧ
һû˵ˣȻ޷ߣѪԪԣȴޱҪֻҪѪԪԴܳΪ֮顣״ɿڵ
֮飿
뵹һҪ֪ѪԪҪɱɵʮѣܶߣ񾳾Ϳʼðռϣɼǵȵ̤벻𣬶޷ѪԪɱɵ
ѪԪԳɳΪʵϳɹĺ٣Ҵۺܴ󣬵ȻΪѪԪһ·ɳģѪԪһḶ́ԽѪԪֱӵõһȴ׺ܶࡣӵе¶ĿӣǽѪԪᣬΪѪԪûɱ䣬ֻѪԪȻۡ˲ΣӵеıٶαΡ
ԴȻûãɽֻԪɳΪ֮飬һôļֵ
ǵĵõԴԴ޿¶˰ɣȻԴԴ޶ԣֻ֮ȴİдڣвСİ滺
ԣ벻ɿЦǣԴ޿Ƿ׷ɱƺʲôʱ˶֪Դʲôڳȴ֪ˣԴԴԴ޵ãʵǿ뿪ؾԴɱޱȵ鷳
ԸԴҿ԰ϵһαЦŵʱҲЩĽؾΪı֮һõˡ
֣αһֻǰƴСԴȻֵһα
Ҫ֪֮ǰõĵ̥ˣвٵļֵҪƣҪϣܴﵽαԪĲΡ
ǰҪҿԳ֣ˣҲûгֵĴ㡣΢΢ҡͷ͸ĻȻԴļֵ׳֡


675 
Դûʲôô΢΢ҡͷȻҲڽѪԪеѪԪ飬ɱ˵֮飬ȻòԴ
ʵľŵߣսһֱԴѪԪĲҲͬӵСֻҪһЩܶһ֮£ѪԪķ١Цŵ
΢΢ͷľſ˸ʮǿ߼룬ľţôΪʲôԸ룿
ΪľŵսܹһֱֻҪսһжܶһĵԡ
񾳺Ͳ֪ģȻҪһǸεıߣһ㶼ǲεǿߣĻۣܶһ
ҪеѪԪ֪ɹɱΪ֮飬ҲǿαԪϾѪԪûع򡣡濴
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ͷĵӵع򣬲ҲͨѪԪɱȣе֮飬ܷӳܡ
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ԭ˵һ̤أշ֮ͻ޾մֻû뵽ٶ֮죬ǧʱ䣬Ѿӵ潻һرֶΡ
ҴѪԪɱɵ֮飬޾մ룬ڵ
ʵѾӵ鼫޵սһصߣҲܱסڼԪ͸޾մѾû̫ĶܹвҪȻֻܽ޾մ
ҲãһӵαսҲвСʱ޾մҲӵİȫ΢΢ͷڱϾֻصΪȻܹһһ潻֣ʵϣһɱڵԪѸģԪϣ뻹ԵЩ㡣
ӵαڳʵҲһСܺͷֶΣҲо޴
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⣬޾մҪ¶Ǹ磬š
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΢΢ͷѪħˣֱֱʱ˶֪˵˵˶Щ²⣬ӦһΪǿ򲻿֪ôԴ޵أѪǿţСй¶ԼŵݣΪҡ
Ŀ֮Щǰǿɱһ󱲣ڹ޾գǳңɱǿɾֻϵùˡ
һʦҽͼõͼ龵ʹõͼһݣȴ񾳲ܵõͼָһ㣬ϢӿԺ
ʵѾǿֻ΢΢һǽеϢա
޼Ѫ򡭡ܵԺеӴͼһʱ䣬ҲǸпѡ
ͼ֮УʮÿһٶʮĴڡ򣬱ǾĴ޼޼ۣѪѪۡ
ʮ򣬹ޱȣѰ龳ߣǷи·¶Ҫǧ꣬ʱ䣬ܺʮ򡣼񾳷и·ðңޱȹ
ʮһľŵߣŻԣȫ㹻ˣľ֮УиΪͼǾľŵߣӵеͼ濪ڵ
ԣ΢΢˵ͷʮ򣬹ֱнǧľ롣Ҫ֪һ룬ʮڰǧǧľ룬ǿǺο
ÿһ򣬶һƾľŵסЩţǾԲǵġ
ľţǿǾĴµľӣٶ񾳵ߣʵ࿴ľŵϣǺܴȻһߣ¶նɱ롣
Ҳ̫ģţһǲֵ߳ġ濪ڵ
ţҲԼĹأһ֮£ǲ֣ͨ߳ǱϾߣһǿ߽Ƕ֣ͨ߳ƱĲ
ֺͳ˲޾մҪעĵط뽫Щμ£Ǹ뿪Ĺ
Ҳ֪Сܹߵһؾһ֮һ֮ӵѪҲ졣ų뿪ķ
뽫ĳɾͣ»õɳ֪֪ľŵϣٱҰɡڴʱһͻأһ̣һӰ治Զ
ڵʵѾûͨľŵĿˣ濴
ûСҡҡͷһ֮֮ʮڣӦܹ
һ֮һ֮ͨľſҪʮգҪ֮滺
˵ͷȻÿһߣٵĿ˲ͬŵλǾľŵĳԱڿҲ֪һЩܹµͨĻǾ͵ĵߣһЩ
㻹вʱУϣܹɹɣɱʱ򣬳̤ˣ㻹ûͨľŵĿˡ浭
Ȼ潫뵱Լĵһ㣬ɵĴӣҲΪһӣȣеĵλҲǲһЩڴȻҲǼġ
ֿܡЦһεСӵٶȣ¶ʮڣϣ̤񾳡
ʮꣿƲƲ죬ھϣѾ̤񾳣ֻΪĥ£߲һЩʮ꣬ʮ̤꣬񾳡
ʮ꣬Ҳ̫˰ɣСӵʱ䣬Ƕʮ̤ˣȵ
öʮ꣬ԼѾӳˣɵĿУȻҪʮꣿ
ʮʱ䣬ЩԪߣ޷ͻһС磬ȴǴһ׷ˣ񾳣
ǲţʮ꣬浭
Ǿˣò̤񾳣ҿɲڡҡҡͷһҪΪҪͻ龳Լ䣬صԪ
˵ΪͻҪһȫĵط񾳵ߣΪ񻤷޾֮Уԣǰȫͻ֮أ

ȥ΢΢̾һӣ츳ǱǲɾԣǾĥ£վһǷĸо
һ֮У˵츳ǱߣŵĽɾͿǶˡ


676 Ħ޵
Դ
Щŵĸųе͸塣
Դ棬ҲûмԴԴԴ޵İһ㶼ǴڱԴ֮أԴʱػšҪõ̫ˣҪʵҪ
˲ǿûԴޣȻҲûмԴ
Сӣ㵱Դ쿪ڵ
ҪԸ⣬ҿȥһαƲƲ졣
˭˵ҲԸˣֻǡ켱æڣΣлˡ
֮䣬Ҫ˵Щ΢΢һЦ콣ΣѵʱȻֻѪԪԼ飬Ƕ콣ȴűУȻϣ콣ܹɳ
뽫Ԫ콣ֻ΢һ£֪ԴҪԡ
ҵĹƣҪ׵Դɱ䣬Ҫʱ䣬ʱ䣬ҿ޷սˡ콣ڵ
ԴΪ֮飬Ҳ˯ɱ䣬ڶ޷ѡ
ʱͿˣһЩȵ
֮ǰĲ²⣬Ϊ֮飬ƶǧ꣬ʱ䣬û뵽ȻֻҪʱͿˣ
Դ⣬Ȼ֪ΪʲôҸоʱ㹻ˡ쿪ڵ
΢΢ͷԴԴ޵İĲ²⣬ӦǺͱԴ֮йϵıʱ䣬˵Ҳʲôֵ顣
ϾһؾıԴʵ̫ˣһصԴޣؾ֮ж𣬳ǲεǿߣκβԴޡ
콣ԴҲ˯֮УҲܹܵı仯ԷϢÿʱÿ̶ڲϵ׳ϣһ˿ػš
Դ޸ҵĸоЩƣȻԴͱԴйϵ밵͵Դǹƣ֮ͬֻϵȻӵС
ʱ䣬뵹ҲûţżʱΪݽߡ
˯ĵʮ꣬ȻɹɱϿȴеĽᣬҲóΪ֮һϾɱ֮ȻеħĽһֱڣȻУҲвСӰ졣ĽɢȻȻǲһˣԻǰӵɣ·ѹϵĴɽͻȻûһ㡣
Ȼ߱仯ҲǼΪ⡣
˯ĵʮ̤꣬龳ΪѲʹ˲ٵߣ̤龳ϳ½һλ龳ߣʵһĶҪǿһЩҪ֪һЩСĶû龳龳ڶ֮УҲǲˡ
֮⣬ϳһʵǿҲǻԪأֱɽܰɽΪشʱǲ̫ʲôˣǳܰٶȣû˿֮⣬԰Ϊ׵ĻԪߡ
ϳһӴĹܣҲͣλ龳ߣرǳλص򣬾һϳһߣҲʮֵĿ
˯ĵʮꡣ

޾գһ쳤Ԫ緽૵Ҳǵģ֪ôԶľ룬Ȼһˡ
ʥǰһƬ򣬿ޱȵңԶӵΪҪҲǺķ˲ٵʱ䡣
ô죬һµ˵ȴҲֵһˡһâ
Ȼһ·Ϊ࣬һԣ˶ޱȵҪԪ磬ȻλˣγһС֧һԣǼΪҪ顣
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һֱӴ޾ʧ

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ţʱ򣿡ĿڵԲ֮ϣһâ
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СӻԵǲû뵽Ȼܹõһʱ򡣡Ӳɸ̾һ
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ѪԪΪҲôѣҪ֪ܹΪѪԪһߴ񾳣̤벻λҪѡ
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ڴʱԶͻȻһ죬ӰӹˣȻصΪǳǰˣһŵߣˣƺ׷ɱˡ
һĻ벢û˼޾գɱʵ̫ˣʱ䣬ϵصɱµԪεɱ֪˶١ȻǲȥᣬֻһҼսһߣȻԼ鷳
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زʶñ˳ȣȻ浽زΨһİ취

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֪޷ߣҲ۳룬ϾԷ֣ҲҪǣ粻Ǳʵ˵Ѿƭһˣֻ˵ǵ̫һ˾Ȼܹǿߡ
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һϴ֮Уһ͵˫ۣĿ䣬·͸ռ䣬
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ԪΨһĲʥʥεǿߡ
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ţʥΣǳ
ȥСˣʥüͷһȴûиȥ˼
λЩ⣬ҲǵԪһЩ۵ǵԷŻԷȻǰС磬˵ݣֻҲںСĻԪ߼ƽϣǲҪ̫ġ


ֱӽ뵽ռͨ
ҿһϹսˡ
ǺεȵʵոսռͨǿԶϹսһǳ˳ȥһԵĳס룬󣬸˹ȥ
ֻգ֮䣬˱˾޴֮ǰռͨڵķ籩޷ˣκε˺
þķӡ󷨣ܹεģǴۼߡǰľ޴򣬸ܵǹ֮ϵķӡɫص
λǿߣȻǴۼǿߣ뵹һϳ½ߣȻ֪λǿ߿£ɵЩߣ綼̫ˣΪǻԪ۽翪Ȼ׻Ԫ߲񾳵߶
Ҳ²λǿߵʵҲΪԷǲΣû뵽ǿߣٶǴۼĴڡ
ۼߣǿǺĦޣĴһһƬǿڣ
ϳ½Ȼǿ߽٣
ͨ߶ԣҪϹս򣬻ҪƲǶڳλεǿ߶ԣһᣬ˺һռ䣬̽뵽Ϲս֮С
䡫䡫
ոսϹս˱ǸܵԶһ죬˷ӹȥȻԼһҾ޴սڴӵص
Ǿǰڵս뼱æһսʵ̫Ϥˣ
Ƕսۿ΢΢һ죬ֱϤս֪ܻû䡣

һ̣Ӱǽ뵽ս֮С
磬á
ոսսһϤ
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ңһû䡣
ܿ޷뿪ȴǱ侲Ƕս޷һȻ޷뿪лĵط
һֱ̣Ӵų룬գ֮䣬սڣλá

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ܡ
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һսĺ󷽾ȫʧ١
ǵģֻʧ١
Ϲ֮սʧٵ̫ˣνʧ٣ʵû֪Ѿѣɱ𣬶ǼΪ顣˭˵Էˣ
ľţȫʧ٣ûһٳֻ֡һЩɱĺۼ
һʼ𣬶ԸѾ䣬ֻʧˣ˵þͻ֣ϾϹ֮սУһЩʧٵߣǳ˵ġ
ʱţǲϵѰ޹ֻ֮ܽʵϾȥ̫û֣Ŀʵ̫ˡ
Ҳòʵ壬ߣĵȥ
ڴʱˣδϢڣǼȻֻһƲл꣬ټˡ
ϾֻһƲл꣬ܶ飬Ѿû˼䣬ģˣڳȴǼǵʮ֮ΪҪˡ
ܣôҺĴļ򣬶ûзһս𿪿ڵ
飬ҼҲرֻǵõǿɱλУʵ̫ǿˣʧأһ·Ӵɱ֪ӴܵһƬձһսһ类Ǵ飬ǿɱսǾشУϧȴ޷ɱ֮£֮µǣֻʩչ󡣡
磬ʩչ˾󷨿ͬھ󷨡ۿһ죬󣬵ʱľλǴźεȵľģϧͬھҲҪµˡΪǶ֪ں󷽸ûжٵǿߣõӴܳȥɱ¾ͨ飬ºָܻܿʱ˭ںסǵˣ
Ϲ֮սȻ˲ңҲǸпѡ
˵͸һЩۼԼ²⵽ϹŴսĲңǵһУߵĿ˵֮Ƿ֣ǵ͹ϹŴսĲҳ̶ȡλΪɱˣϧͬھ
ǺεȵĲңǿǾλ𰡣
Ҫ֪ڵľҪλ𣬿¶߸УΪһˣ߸ǿߣȻȫˡɱḶ́һ磬һ磬еֹ
͸ĻƺܵϹŴսĲҳ̶ȣһǰδдĴսһս֮Уǲ𣬶ʱ䡣ѹ֮аλ´УΪǶһսԼûлİգһ֣
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һսڵ򲢲һƬռ䣬֪ôͻȻһС֮ϡҲʱ½ߵƺ޷ʹϵҲ֪ԼںδҵļУҲ飬֪ѰǡЦ
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ݼŵȻţʵ̫¶ˣ֮ǰܹһΪҪˣԣѾ㹻ˡ
磬ģһȻ㡣ɫ
ãͱοˣڵұ˭ûвҪң̸ס΢΢ҡҡͷ
ϾǲεǿߣȻ̤벻𲻾ã;һҴսΪл꣬ľȴǼߣȻ֪Լ
ȻҿȥʦʦУȥۣ۲Уȥߡæ
һԵĳǲ٣ҪȻʵ̫ˣϹŴսȥĲ˭ˣ
лɢȥȴġ
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ԣȴûж˵ʲô˵ǳ𣬾ǾĴۣҪȻܣ
룬лܴŴҡĿڳϣм
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ߡͻȻһоɱû뵽Ȼš
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һԵǿ˳𣬲ԶĳҲһĿų
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ԭһ걾Դȱû뵽ȴƻˡ֮г˲ʡ
û뵽󣬶޷ɱ㡣
ǾλƴµĴ󣬿ȥϹŲл꣬ȻţҪǳշ֣µɢ֮󣬶ԷҪ˶ã
󷨵ȷϧһƲл꣬󷨶£û˲ٿص󷨣ɱ𡣡ǲм
ɱˣɱ㡣һһ̣һɰ겨ӿ˲䳯žϮȥ


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Ϲ֮սɱǰңߣôܲЩо׻˵˽ˣĵˣһ仰˫Ĵս֮УҲǺ⡣ЩȻѣһԿ٣ͬսĳǣҲǽЩ㡣
ǻߣôȥ꾹Ȼ˿£ҾȻ޷һɱ㡣üͷ΢塣
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һɱ㣬ǾΣβоΣҾͲһƲлܴ꣬ȥɡһ
ɶ񣬸
ڣϹŲл겻ĵŭš
һδʩչ깥ϹŲлֻܱȵĵֵ겻ϵıġ
Ϊһսǻʤˣضٴξ٣ʱǶϹŲл֮вϵŭš
Ϲ֮սܰǸϳȥһҲһǶʧܡмһµ겨һ̣ϹŲлֱӱ
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ԣҲǸпѣôȥȻûǵϹ֮սҪ׵ɱǲл꣬ΪһִĲлôá
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ңʵڽҡЦ
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ڳ룬ҲǼΪ⣬˵ϹŴս֮ǰҲмӣЩӣ츳Ǳ룬ṳ̂벻Ρ³ΪӣҲֻǲԼĴжϾѣû뵽ȥȴߵһ
ţţҲԥĽ¡
ȷһõӡĿ֮УҲΪ⣬ȻλʦֶҲǼΪ⡣ֻΪԵʡ
վһԣĬĬš
ܣԵһЩʱ䣬ҺõʵҪȫ뿪Щ鷳һ֪ͨʦ˼ҳ֣ʱصʥأ۳棬ʲô취㡣ڵ
ôʱ䶼ˣҲһʱܹʦʹۣҲˡ΢΢һЦҪȻ̫ˣĴۣ
磬㲻ö룬齻ǾͺˣͰĵĵţãڳ۳޾աһԵҲǿڵ
ãڳ۳޾գ֮򣡡ƺ£һЦ
ϣλǰа취ɣϧʵ̫ﲻʲôæ޷ħһ뿴ˣҲϣ˾ܾȻ


690 ʥԪ
ħһǿֻҳĦޣǴۼĴڣʥ֮УȻиǿĴڣҪֻ֪ħѪĦ֮ϵ߾ʮˣ˵Ѫ̶ȲǾɾ͵ΨһأɶڳַħѪħһԣѪ̶ȷʵɾһΪؼء
Ϊ̫ͣ޷ϵħһ壬˵ħһǿ߰æԣǴۼĴڣ޷ȻҪȻҲǳԽۼĴڣǸεĴڣԳݣţҲδá
ȻһУҲ룬û취龳ߣûа취ˡ

ֱ뿪Ϲս򣬻صǿռ֮ͨС
ãϹս߾Ͱ㿴ŵ㣬öܵţȥʦʹۡڵ
ģŶ磬Ǵʬ̤ȥһ
΢΢ͷһǳԪ緽Ӷȥ
룬ǾڵС磿Զһ޴Ĺ򣬲ɿڵ
ǵģǰ΢΢ͷ
ˣǰһÿʮ꣬Сһ߽Ϲսĥ£ϹսСλãƺûʱˡͻȻ뵽һ£ɿڵ
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Цȥ˵¶ʼ棬ǿǲ𰡣
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һӳȥܿǽ뵽ϳ½֮Сֱ˺ѿռ䣬˻ʼ档
룿ˣʼ治һ㶡
Ҫ֪Դһγصϳ½˳ϧµ֮󣬾ûٻʱ򣬶ϳڵǰصϳ½һЩ½ĻԪߴԪ硣
һ㶼һΣϾϳ½ĵ̲ڣҲ͵һλԪ߰ˣķչϳ½չҲǼ죬Ǽ۷ߣȵǸʱʮֹ
ϳ½ϵķչȻᵮš
ʼǰһһ㣬εϹս֮УͲҪˡ뿪ڵ
ˣʼһ㶣ȴûжʲôֻǵ˵ͷųԲẦϳ½ôȻĿġ
һ֪ͨԪߡʼ濪ڵ
ʼϳ½һԪĻԪߣҲڴˣȻǼҪ֪ͨߣϾʮһεϹսĥ£Ǵʮ֮ǰһֱġ
ʼǰʲôʱ뿪ϳ½벻ɿڵ
ʼһʱߣѾ뿪ϳ½Ȼǵһ뿪ϳڲ׳߼뿪ˣһЩߣͻƻԪδü뿪ġߣһЩߣҪڼһʱġ
ʼ̤Ԫʮ꣬û뿪ϳ½ģֻʣһˡϾ̤Ԫʮڣߵʱ䡣ڵԪϳ½ǵɽǸʱ޷磬ֻҪһЩԪϳھлᣬˣɾûˡ
ٿɣиСһ̤˻ԪҴڽ̵һʱ䣬ɳһЩҾ뿪ʱϳ½ʼ濪ڵ
˵ͷһС磬վҪģֻϳڷչѸ٣һĻԪߣûǱľĵزûʲôǿԸصϳ½򡣵ǻʼһֱߣҪ֪ʼе²츳ǱȽŵ˲ڣŶѾǻԪصΪɻʼֻ̤Ԫضѡ

ͻʼƬ̣Ǹ뿪Ͼǿռ֮ͨлһλɲöԷȵ̫á

Сıݣܿǽ뵽ռ֮ͨУһ·ӣƬ̺󣬱Ƽǿռ֮ͨУȴǶһӣ̸
һλ𣿡һܹ⽻̸ģȻǲεǿߡ
ԭһλޱȵѣȴڶʱڣλҲǲֻΪлĹϵʵֻ񾳲Ρ
룬ΪܣλʥԪ𡣡룬ЦŽܵ
룬ʥԪ𡣡빧ޱȵ
룿ʥԪ΢΢ͷһ̣ƺ뵽ʲôɵˣ֮ǰһӣ¾ɣ
ǵġͷͬʱҲЩλʥԪ𣬾Ȼʶ档
ʥԪҶĵӡ
֮·ͬʱڣ벻ͬߵ£ʲôֵġʥԪΪ
Ȼ֪һ㣬Ҳ˵ЩʲôϾԳҲΪ⡣
ʥԪʶʦС

ʥԪԣһ㶣ȴЦ
һԪʥƲƲ졣

˻һŵĿʥԪǰλӣȻʥ
𣬳ʥ֮׹ǴϹ֮սǿߣϹ֮ս̤벻ʥԪ繫ϵĵһԪԺƽǰλʥĹ͡
ǾģʥԪʮģȻţһߣҲˣɳȴĵӣԷ⸱ģҲΪ㡣
룬һûʶģһϹ֮սʱ򣬲ҴͳеһԱˡųǸģ
˻һʥԪһЦǳµһԱ˺̤벻Σʮֵ˽⡣
״ҲǿЦѣҲ̫СһЩԼʥѣܳԴסӲҲ˵λʦֶĿء
Ԫô꣬Ҷûܷ֣㷢֡ʥԪ΢΢̾Ϣ
ҪһϹսôסʦ𻹲࡭̾һһ̣ƺʲôæʥԪû˼
֪鶼ȥôˣҲͽˡʥԪԣҡҡͷϹһսǶǱűĵģʦ˼ѡ͵ͬھûʲôסϾһսܣԪ綼ڣΪʦߣһսȻ·磬ջǻʤˡ
㵹ǿÿһ㵹Ǻʦʥʮơһп
ʦΪͽԭɡʥԪ΢΢һЦ
Ϲ֮սȥ̫ˣһսУѣͬţе̫࣬ͨߣʱţʱ䳤֮УɶڲԣϹ֮սȴȻĿ
ϼһͱСǰпˡʥԪ룬Ц
һԵҲǻعʱɻһλصСһһأпȥпȴһЦ
ܵλĿ⣬װһģʥԪЩЦá


691 һϣ
ʥԪôҲǲ𣬼󱲣ûʲôʾ𵭵
ʥԪԣɿЦôҲǲʲôʱ׷Ҫ񣬲˵˳ȻװƣֻһͻȻûдʲô
ЩͻȻȴûдʲô裬͵ɡʥԪ𿪿ڵ˵䣬жһ衣
˵һ飬ʵָֻ׸ǴС
СһǺöϣܹȹߵġһԵæ
˻ǰһæӹ裬млʥԪ𡣡
ʥԪҲǹСģҿ֪㵱õ裬ǱȭͷҪ󣬼ֵȵߣָ׸ǴСҲ˼óƲƲ졣
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ʥԪһƣԼͳȻֵߣɺôҲǼΪıرͳʱ˳ڵʵݱԳôǼġ

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ֱԪų룬һ˺ܿ뿪˿ռֻͨԶľ޴Ϲսƺ˵ţϹһսεȲҡ

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ܵĲ𴫳кĵø򣬿ɲ٣Ȼ׳ԣһ֮һ·߳·Խ࣬ԽʧҪʱⳤҲԽѣһҪԵʣ


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Сӣϵıˡһ߹һЦдһӣµĵ˲䳯ų˹ȥ

ͺһһ𣬽̳޴ĻУתɣֲܺڵ֮ϡ
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һĻɫ䣬æӶס
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£µĳֱӽߺɳȥҽʯ֮С
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һ˶ѣ֣ҾͲһӴȵ
Ҳֻһ˰ˡ
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ʱ䣬λ񾳵ߣųɱ˹ȥ
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̳Ⱪǣһҫ۵Ĺ⻪ֱӻա
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ܵϮһɫһ䣬ǽ̺֮ĿܣǸܵһǰδеľ޴в
ҵסҾͲţһصߣɱҲɡŭһӶһ޴ĵĻλס

£·ǵĻ˲飬ֱӶǺӵ壬ӵ˲ըһѪһ񾳵
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һĻԭΧɫһ䣬ǺǼ֮УʵǿģȻһСӵʵвǵˣ
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ɶСӣȻգ깥̺ڽ֮СѪ֮УһҽС
ҽУԭԥߣ˲˿ȥЦһǻܽܣܴǿ޷ˡܹնɱ룬߱ҲͰˣնɱϣС߱ϣСûϣ飬Щߣôðգ
ģЩ޷Ƭ̡ɫޱѿԭΪ񾳵֣߳ٿƬ̣û뵽ֻգ֮䣬һߣȻֱӱˡ
ಡಡ
ֻɲ֮䣬ѾǴӵص׷ӳȥ
СӣӲģӵձ˰Ҳ׷㣬ҾͲУһصߣԪһ񡣡Ц
˻һڷӳ룬üͷҲ΢΢һ壬ȷ㣬Էϧһ׷ɱԪϵĲ࣬ܿͻֳԪ಻󣬵ǲ壬˫ԪΪĸС磬һ󾳽磬ɲһ㡣
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㣬һûӵıҪһЦ
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Ź룬û˵̤񾳣̤أδ¶Է˫³ԹŻţǲǸԼ鷳ȻѾˣţͱɱ
δ䣬һӶµĽֱӶգ˲ǳڳǰ
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Ϊô꣬㱾£뵲סԼȫһ㲢ûие˿⣬ֻ֮ǰ֣ͳֺӵ֪սѰߣֻԪвСˡ
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СӣˣⶼģɡһЦնһżΪǿؼȻʩչÿһӰǿܲᳬ˳ɣҲֻܴﵽŵӰҲ󣬿ȴ׷󹥷ܼµؼһؼصߣ˲СĿ
صߣ޷ȫӲͲгԿס
ģȻĻ벢ȫţȴܸܵȷͬʵʣпܶġ
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ȻƵҶαܣʵǲС΢΢һ̾⣬ֵסֻЭԼֵ콣α֮󣬵һγ֣
깥Ѫ֮Уһŭ
Ĺ̺֮깥ûкǸ깥޷в񾳵ߣ֮£һû˿ӤֻǸ깥ߵܴ

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СӣӲģһĺѿŭһһΣǳųߵķ׷ȥ
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СӣҶĻۡ۵ǣȻ۵ĴָǴָڣı
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֪ϢߣǼˣ۷壬ǿǲ֮£Ϊ۷һȺˣЩˣһǻĴڣһ֮УΪ۷ĴڣǵĴָӵеıǺεȵ
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ɶСصߣӴôʱ䣬˼ɱȻܱٶȣ
ɫޱѿÿÿԤϣҲǲòӶԷصߣǲصĴڡ

ڴʱԶһǿҵĿռ䲨ţһӰƾճ֮С
ǡܵͻȻֵӰɫʱһ䣬վǸһޱȾ޴вС
Сѣ±ҿɱ㲻ӿ룬Į
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˼ȻˣҾˡ΢΢һЦһֱӿԽһһٶȣȳɲֹ
ʲôٶȾȻô죿ɫһ䣬ʱҲȥҪһյʱ䣬Էͻᳬ㣬׷Լ
ӳֵʱ򣬳֪ɱԼԲӵĶ֣ӵʵԱȵҪ¡һΪҲ̤صĲΡ
磬ҸӲɫأ޾չޱȣı䷽򣬷ûãͺ֮ϣһǰһ׷𣬸ı䷽ֱ߾뷴ø̡
ߵΨһϣͻȻһâһȻı䷽򣬳ǰȥ
Сӷ𣿡
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ȻԼɾ͹ֲˡһЦųߵķ׷˹ȥ
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ǧڵٶȣ¶ص׷ˡɫһȻҵܹܿߵĵطɹؼǣ»ȥͻᱻ׷ϡ

뵽뼱æһöָԪĵҩһ̣һܣ嶸Ȼʮ￪⡣
޷˺ѿռ䴩󣬳ֻܿռ䣬ڵǿдռ䣬ȻС
ʲôٶȣ㿴ʧһ̱ǳʮ￪⣬ٶ֮죬ŷУصߣ¶޷

֣Ѿӳ
ۡ
ͻȻһѪԳѪ֮лһЩƬ
ɶܲסˣǿдռ䣬ҵñ⡣ѸٻָڵƣҲڼǿдռ䣬ֻʣʱϣӦѾüˡ
򡭡һ·׷ҲǷ֣ӴܵķƺЩԾ
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ͫһһâߵķ򣬷Ǻķ
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Ȼ뵽ӽǺһ̣Ҳò룬޾Ӵܣᱻ׷ϣǺҲԸȥ
ϧ̫ˣȻ֪Ǻôɹһ£һ̣΢ÿһ̤ܵһУǷٺˣٶȾȻٴμӿ켸֣ϸ۲죬ͻ֣ᷢӵһռ䲨ת


700 
ȻӸ·ǵٶȣǽռõٶ֮УȻȲϴռǰ㣬һԴǧٶȣȴҲԶԶԽѰߡ

η·һڵ֮ϣٶȣȻ֮ɡ
ôᣬٶȡܵԼֻʣǧӣɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
ԷٶȣȻٴμӿˣ˿ٵٶȣеޱȵ𾪡
Ҫ֪غڵߣȻṳ̂أҲʶٵߣصֹ߽˿ٶȣȴǵһμ

ֻ˲䣬Ѿǳ㣬Ϊߣ˫ľ뻹ڷٵ֮С
ͬǸܵǷ׷ӣԷٶȣ˽ɣʵȲѡ
˾Ȼóٶȣ鷳ˡȻֻʣľ룬ɳȴ˵֮УᱻԷ׷ϡ
뵽Ҳǲ˿иȫ߶Ԫķӳȥ
ȫ·ٶȣʵ̫ˣһһߣͱԶԶ˦ֻص߽׷ᡣͳٶ󣬳ǿдռ䣬Сľ룬ı׷ϡ

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ǳĿĵأһƬ򸽽ΪΣյĵطźͳͼ֮ϣǺҲٵ
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ϾǺȻΣգɳŶǺڲȴϸأЩ飬ΣҲ󽵵͡
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СӾȻǺǾ޴ǺɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ǺҲҽȥ̫ΣˣȻҪҲð
ˡ̾һһǳս֮УǿˣûеõʲôԼĴָˡƫƫκβó룬׷ɱ룬׷ȥҲر
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㣬ӣƺ˰һĿϣЦ
ôɫһޱȵѿһλ˵ȻʲôرصƣɿҲҪָܻ͵ʴףŭûطء
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ڳʵҲǼΪľȣлڶʳ˵㣬㽫Ϣô׷ɱ¶κβó룬ԷٶȣǱȴһ߻Ҫ졣˵ûصӣᱻƵĳǺȥ
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ˣӽǺΣµߣû˵ųģµߣУҲǾһҲֻϵǿߣǿˡһЦ
⸽򴳵ڳ߶֪ǺĿ£񾳶ԣﶼǽأȥߣųʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ˶֪ʱޱȷŭȴҲ֪˻٣׷ɱӽǺҲǼΪΣա
ಡಡ
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СӣӲģԹ±ҿһ
ɶ񡣡ɫһʱǺֻʣʮӾҲֻʣʮԶԷٶȣԿԼӽǺ֮ǰ׷Լ

ֻ˲䣬˫ľ̵
Ӧտռҽռõٶ֮ϣѹٶ֮졣Ҳһ˿֮ɫȻռ䣬̫󣬸ܳʹáȴͬǿľһУǳյĹ֮ȫʹá
ݡ
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âֱը֮һ
ţȻûܺ΢΢һ㶣ԼһΪĵģһصߣ¶޷ֵסһ뾹ȻֵȻشƶ߶ԣ˲ָܻ㲻ʲôơ
ȴ֪óľǱħ֮Ϸ֮൱֮˴˽ϣıֶΣɲ߿ɱȡ
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Ȼпʵɳ֮䣬ȴû˿ԥһһڵķɵУɵһ̣ǷɵȴͻȻʧˡʧˣ·ûгֹһ㡣
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ڼż֮УóռĹֹԷƵֶΣһ֮£͸ռ䣬߲ʱѾˣ˷ʤ

һԵסΪ֪ǹӺδԥıһ̣һӰס
һ㶣üͷһ壬ȻЩȣҲûие̫֣һصߣʵȻڵǿߣһЩ
顫
һ̣һԳĴӰ΢΢һ
סˡһһ̣һԾԥĳǺ
Ȼˡüͷ΢壬ϾǺֻмε߶ԣҲһʱˣȫԲĹȻڳ֣ҲʲôЧ
Ǻ
΢΢üȴûнǺóǿռٶȣɱ޷ռյ׷ɱߣȴǿ
ȻӽǺǾˡһɱ츳Ǳ˸ߣôܷŹԷȻȻҪɱ˶ԷֻԼ޾鷳
ֱǺ֮⣬ֻҪɱ˶ԷǶԷһֱǺͬǾһ


701 
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ǺǸܣ׷߲ûиŽԴˣҲûие̫⣬ϾصߣǺĿܣǼҲΪշ֮ħ֮壬֪ǺһЩأŸҴ
ǾԲӽǺģҪ֪紫ԣǺмĿܣⲻ˵ЦȱǺ䣬óľ顣
ǺŹЩޱȣʶҲ޷̽Ǻ֮⣬߸޷̽ǺڲΡǺڲߣʶҲᱻѹƣʶʱҲͱѹƵӣҲܹܵصһֱͣǺ֮⣬û뿪˼
Ȼһֱ棬ңüͷһߵ⡣
ǺǼΪΣգ̤ո̤룬˳ȥȻصߣҲĳ̤Ǻ룬ΣվСöࡣһֱ棬ȥȥȻֻܻǺ֮С
һߣܾʹ棬ңûôסһЦ
֪ǺΣգ뻹ҴȻԼĴ㣬ǺĻᣬԱ߸ߡ
ţڴʱüͷȴ͵һ壬˿ϵĽӰ⽣ӰĻ̺ܿԵֵߵĹܺľһʱ䣬Ż᳹׵ɢֻǽǺǸܵǽӰܣڷٵġȻٶȱȲ֮ǰȫһ֮µģҪ֪ģȴǳԵģԷĹֻһ¶ѡ
ռأǺΧµľӵмΪµʴԪʴ૵
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ಡ
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ǺΧһƬֵľ޴󷨣󷨣żã񾳵ߣһ볬˳ȥǺߣ֮ǰ˳ȥ֮⣬ϵߣֱӱɱ
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ÿµʴҵԪȻܵһʹ·һ㡣ɫ΢䣬ЩųƿʴԪȻǿԪȻܹܵʹҪ֪ŸոսӴѡ
ѹֳȱ²أ򲻿ɽУһסԪܿͻᱻĴͼļأҲǰͷλȱµĻȷʮֵȷҪǿҲԲ׽Ǻ
ʴȻ£ҵҲܿסҵԪûô񣬸ܺһԪֵʴ밵
ǿǳıƣΪǿ󣬳ŸҽǺȻʹٻܿסԤϵĲû̫Ĳ
ճǰļأǺ󲿷Ǳ֣Խ룬ʴԽǿҲΪˣһЩʵǿߣǿҵ·૵
ǺҲﷶΧǹֵ򣬾ͳ֮ĵ֮һȴûֵģǳĿĵأΪһȱִ򣬺ĵ֮һ򣬷ͨû̫𣬾Уռ䷴ǰȫģȴֵĵطǺλá
ҪǺΪĵλãҲôףǰλǰѾ۷Ϊһ߶Ķ֡Ϊҵ·ĵ
ʴʼǿˡǧ̸ܵʹþתԪָ壬ȴû֧Ԫ֣Ԫʵ̫ˡ޷Ӽֵ
һ·ǰУҲ֪ȥ˶ãڵԪֻʣңҲǿʼЩסˡ
߹ľ룬ӦþǺֻʣʣµԪӦֵܹȥһתԪָƣһǰλǰµ·߼롣

Ǻ⣬صüͷ΢壬ǺѾȥ˴ʱôʱ䣬һߣ¶סˡ
ȻûüͷһһǺԵԥƬ̣˽ȥ
ûˣ
ӵʶȳǿȻѹƣ̽ķΧҲȳӿ㣬Ȼȴûзֳټ
ಡ
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ʴʵ̫ǿˣӣҲԸǺƬ̡
ѵǺˣɫЩѿ
ΣûмʬģѱţʲôֶΡ
ߡҵҪʲôֶΣҾǧ꣬ΣҾͲǺǧꡣһЦ޷ȷҪóϣС޷


һ·ӣԪֻʣһɵʱ򣬴ǧһƬǿ֮С
λǰصĺǺ
ûʴ뿴ǿգӳһ˿ϲɫǺĴȫ
ǿ֮Уž޴ǳǰǧЩǳǺۿͻ֣ᷢһſǳ
ǺһֳǺΧ֮򣬶ǺʵϾǺĴǳ
Ǻûбֻһ֮ء
ǳǰµĻǳΨһǺߣļأǺֻһ޾Ȼγɵ֮أûʲôЩͼѰߣȫѰ·
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Ȼգûκε޾ջأȻܹȻصĵطҲǸпѡЩؾıҲˣûκαֻΣյ֮أȻҲȻ
ҡҡͷ벻ȥ£õöָȡ˳һöսȥĲµĴָһöĴָ֮ǰõǾǿߵĴָֻǼ򵥵Ĳ̽ûԼļ죬Ͼ׷ɱûʱ鿴ĴָûüĨԷӡǡ


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ӽǺСӻţӦñȽϰȫæ
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뿪ӵĿǺ֮ϣɫȴǱʴȷ£ȫûеֵİ취һЩǿߣԪԵֵסǿµʴȻǸΣӶǸεǿߣվ۷Ĵڡ
ȻʵǿɶЩֶΣȻӽǺδûеֵİ취Ҳһֱغڴˣû뿪ԭΪ޷ȷ뵽ûУǻţ˫³ԹһԷʵٴ½յξ͵÷תˡ
ڵ׻ţѾ䣿Ŀ䣬ƺҪ͸Ǻһ㡣

ǳ֮ϣ볤ĺһƽµӡǣɲʲôɵ飬ϾԷôҲصߣµӡǣǻͨߣƿ
ΣĶˡ̽һ´ָڵأ϶ʱһ˿Цݡ
ⴢָıǲ٣˵ûʲôѪԪεııȴǲ٣Ͼǻߣ޾մðջıȻ١ţۼֵ¶һѪԪˡ
Ҫ֪ѪԪ񾳵ߣǼΪģһ߶ӵѪԪܹӵѪԪǿߣҪôʵǿ֮Ҫôǵ֮ͨɢ޻СߣдԵ򶼺ѵõһѪԪ
һѪԪֵıصѪˣϾ֮ǰͲൽʹõһƷˣ
סǡնؼԭĿһƤ֮ϣɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ƤصľȻʩչĻն
նǼʶ˵ʵʩչܺصһս
һźͳĹ֮һ׷󹥷µؼǴؼ֮ϣ֪նԲ
˵񾳵ߣܴؼʵһЩǿؼСߣ޷
ƤϼŻնзżҪնһΪŲ㣬ÿһһӰЩӰʵģֻҪʩչͻɢÿһӰʩչĹԴﵽİ˳ɣ˳ɿ࣬һ£ǾŵӰһ壬ʮһǺεȵĿ£
նߣһλ۷ߣؼΪͨ׼ҸоеԲΣƾһؼ޵ߣ¶ܺСĲһս̾
۽ԽԽ⣬վĸ߶ҲǲͬܿǷ֣ؼΪԽ׶ս׼ġһЩţ񾳾ԺͲ֡
Ǵָı𣬳ĿǲµĴָ֮ϡ
εĴָ뻹ǵһμָУΪʲôûУöָֻǼ򵥲̽һ£ȷвٵ䱦
ǲ⽫ⴢָڣ²ֻ±ô򵥡뿴еĽָɫ쳣ء
Ͼߣϵıʵ࣬ģһ㶼ǱУĵøеĹ似ЩļֵͨɱȵġλеαˣȴҪסöָҪָ֪ûдﵽαĲΣƷԪ£ҪסָǼΪѵġ
ɼˣǲȫȫⴢָָֻƽյһЩأҲ̫˵ȥˡ
룬콣ԼĴָ֮ѡһԥѡ콣
ûˣңɱǸ߶Ļ飬ô
Ȼǲȴˣƺ֪ԼȴƴһУҲҪסָݣȻָԼ֮УҲ̫˼ˡͺһͨ䱦Ҫס̽Ӳ֣һ󸻺һöָ̽ӣ
͸һУ붼Ǿãⴢָ򵥣вֻǲƽʱأ»Ķ
뵽ԼĲ̽
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ʯϣ֣ǿ̻ȥġ
Ȼֱӿ̻ţһһʲôϢ£ѡ֮ķʽΣ͸ִϢ
λ𣬾ȻǽϢ̻ʯ֮ϣֵķʽϢ
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һ̣͵طסʯ壬ǲηʯ壬û˿ĺۼ
ȻʯЩ⣬ҵʵȫ֮£ԪָӡʯȴǺ𡣡ƺԤһ㡣
λرԼǵһأָǵڶأɫʯǵءرΪľ֡
ⴢָıҲλ£õõָĺ󱲽Ϣݳȥֻǿϧʱʱȣ¶Ϣˡ΢΢̾һλ𣬲ϧһУҪʯϵϢʵ˾塣
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뻹ǵһ˵֣ǳţûй̵ļأȻҲ֪ʲôʲô
ֻϢҸΰ㴫ݣֻд۶֣֪һ򡣡һЦλ𣬿Ҳû뵽󣬴սǳ޾ƮԶ˵


703 
ãã޾գ֪򣬴ۼĴҲ֪٣δʯϵϢ
֪ǲһߴۣ͸ҵʲôϢûУҪڿ޾һ̸ף
ǲ𶼲֪ҪķѶʱ䣬ڳ龳ߣһ¶δؼõ۵棬˵Ϣˡ
뿪һὫϢܴ߳ܲ˵۵ĶУ޷ȷˡ뽫ʯ΢΢̾һ
λǰϧһУҲҪʯϵϢǳʹ˵ûмʵЩⲻȥ˵ҵλǰеĴۣҲûʵ
ΨһľǽϢ֪ó֪ͨĴۣϢΣͲܽӴĲˡ
򵥵Ĺһһǳսջʮ־޴ˣһؾջҪ󣬵ȻҪջ񣬻λǰĴָûλǰĴָջ񲢲
Ҳ֪ص뿪ûУû뿪ڵʵȥȫ΢΢ҡͷڵʵǴǺ򣬶ʮֳ뿪֮ûʲôս˵صߣ¶׻Լ
ˣҲܰȫˡϥʼչ
ȥΣպܴ󣬶Ǻ֮вûʲôΣգˣԼʵ̤أҪҲɣʱصߣҲ֮ǰǰǱ
ԭľǼߣûżͻأչǧ꣬ǿء
ԳΪģԪۣӿ뵽ԪϢҲǱƽ

΢΢˫ۣһĹ⻪֮бת˲š
̤ˡ϶һ˿Ц⡣
ԭԼҪ̤أٶʱ䣬û뵽ǹȥһ꣬꣬Ѿ̤ء
ħƣøӵѣٶʱ䣬Žʮ˵ħۣħ֮ҲǱøǿħ֮ĸҲ֮ǿΪĹ֮ҲǱĸǿ
ѪĺôҪԵĲħ֮ϵĸ򣬶ȻȻпѡ
ѹħһߣôںѪˣѪˣеٶȿԶԶѰߣǱҲǸΪҲԽԽǿ
̤أоʵ׾նɱһصߣѪܹģͬɾҪס
ڵʵӦúܽӽʵ˰ɡ밵֮УĳģʵϣʵҲͺص߲ࡣֻǵ뻹СеߣǺһεߡĳȻ
ͻأǺԪȻûʲôģܵȻŨԪüͷ΢΢һ塣
ͻƻԪأҪԪǺģǺԪȻûôģҪ֪Ԫ޷͸ġ
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ϸӦ֮£ҲǷ֣µǳһǧʱ䣬ƺƶһЩ룬޾֮ءǸе̾ѡ

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ǧȥˣСӾʲôҲһգ˰ɡ૵
ǧ꣬ûǺȺǧʱ䣬ǧʱ䡣Ȼǧ񾳵߶ԣʲôȴԸǺ⣬Ⱥǧʱ䣬Ϊ롣
ǧʱѾȥΪصߣ¶ѾȥϣΪ㡣
СҲݵģΪǺҾͻŹ㣿һЦвЩϧߵ䱦Щ䱦Ҳ֮г׵ıʴ˰ɡ

ֱ˺ѿռ䣬˽ȥת˲ʧϣΪ㣬ȻҲûбҪ

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նѶȼ󣬼ǳҲʮֳĴָ֮УвĵرЩĵرѼնģֻû뵽ᡣնԭУЩĵرǳΪ˳ļ¡
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ȻٶȣѾܿˣܶߣķǧ꣬궼ûг죬Щ㹻ߣķѰҲǼΪĺ顣ʱ䣬Ѿܶˡ
ͳħһŲСĹϵħ֮ԽԽǿԪҩٶҲԽԽ죬ΪȻѸ١ͺһֽ͸ֱͬװˮֱԳܼĳˮֽҪЩͬΪ߻õӦɳǿûⷽĵǡ
Ҳʱ뿪ǺˡаΪ̤غڣҲûмǺĴ㣬Ͼһͻ񾳣ҪĥһЩʱ䣬صͻơ
ˣǺչص꣬Щ䡣ڴʱ쿪ڵ
䣿һ㶡
ǳָˡ쿪ڵ
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һĿ⿴ԶȻǼԱһ޴󽣺۵ǳ˿̾Ȼˣʱһģһƺûб仯һ㡣


704 Ǻ
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Ҳ̫˰ɣǳϵʯˣλָֻ֪ǺأҲδ̫˰ɡ
죬ұչصʱ䣬ɷ⣿æ
һУʵڳ֪Ͼ޾գ˵ǳǴ綼飬û˵ָܻģ
Ǻڵǳ⼸֮Уλöо޴ı仯Ȼʱڣ仯󣬿λñ仯Ѿܴ󡣡쿪ڵ
ԣҲǿܵǳȻǷ֣˵һ㣬ܵǳ˾޴ı仯Ȼ֪ЩǳһǶԱ֮ǰľǷ֣Щǳλƺǰ£ƺһЩϵ
ңҸоǺƺȻγɵġ
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üͷһһ㣬ҲһЩȻγɵ֮أȻأɲأҲȻһǺЩȻˡͨˣϲȻϲǾˡȻǺûѭȻء
ǿ߿ٳĵط
һλǿ߿ٳĵط
Ҫ֪λǰ˵ǺûʲôҲֻǶ겻뿪ˡ
ûʲôֻٳĵط
˵󱲸򣬳޷ҲͰˣɵλǰʵǾ綼֮ϣԷûʲôͬѰǺǸʲô˲ģ
ɲţǳûƵļأǺĲ֮أӦزŶ԰
һʱ䣬ȴЩԥ
һ֮أ뿪ҲͰˣǿ߿ٳĵطȻЩͬѰλǰûз֣Ϊʱ̡̫ڳȻһ㣬Ǿʹ뿪пܾʹʧԵ
Ѿ˼꣬Ҳںʱ䡣һܿǺʲô֮
ǿʼǺ̽ͬλǰԣǺ֮УǳǧţЩǳҲûʲô֮ͬͨǳһ㡣
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볤һһһǳ֮ϣʱǳ֮ϳһ޴Ľۡ
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Ȼǳ֮Ҳʲôֱ֮ӳƻǳϾЩǳָʱڻָĹ֮УܹǳĻָ֮зһЩߡ
ʮꡭ
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ʱţϸĹ۲ǳʱţ뷢֣ǿ֮ƾճһЩϸ΢ĿЩʯϻۣ뵽ǳϵĽ֮УҲǻĻָһ㣬˿Ȼϣ
ЩʯƾγɵġͫһǧĹ۲ҲǷ֣Щʯ֮ǰʯٴλۡ
˵𣬿ʵϣֻǱʶ޷ʣЩǿٴλۣγʯӶָǳϵĽܹ֮ۡһ㣬ΪЩʯǳֵ֡λãǽ䣬ʯɽλá
˼飡
벻ţǺģʶؾۣǵһμ߻ָǲҪԪˣ
ȻǧĹ۲죬뷢ǳʯλָģȴ֪ʲôܹЩʯؾۡ
һΣҵҪλָġ˿ҲƽȻ֣Ҫҵԭɾˡ
ݡ
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ţͻȻɫһ䣬ǡ
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Ҫ֪֮ǰγ֣ɶûʲôһγ֣Ȼ
ջһǳϣһΣͬǸ֮ܵǰһǿһ
ϸһâֻ˲䣬ȷʲôط
ǳһǳλõı任ҲԽԽǿֿʼƻǳǵ˺棬󱣻֮£Щǳ޷ƻ밵
Ǻ֮ڵǳȻһ壬еγһ𣬹һǿޱȵ󷨣󷨣ʱ̶ǿγλõһ󷨵Ҳһǿڡ
󷨵ܻڲϵǿ֪ȫʲôЩڴԼãȵȫʱ򣬾Ǻ¶Ŀʱ
ǺʲôܣȻǿ߲󷨣ڸǡ
ҲԽĺǿٳǺǿߣôΪʲôҪ֪ǺȻûʲô֮ûʲôһ߽Уϰ¾ͻ뿪ϾܹǺߣʵǶǿУǺҲûáҲǳ룬Ϊ˶ǿУ֪ǺǿǺܽǺܵˡ
һֻЩصĵط˭ᶺꣿ
ʱ̫̣ܷǺܣ񵱳λǿߣжǺֻ֮أûʲôڿλǰжʧǺô򵥣Ҫ֪Ǻܣ֪꣬
ȻһУҲǶȴǳܳ׼ʱ̡
ꡭ
ꡭ
˰ǳƶٶȼӿ졣
һǧǳƶٶٴμӿ죬󷨵ҲԽԽǿǰȻܵɺôܹڳоԼĴ󲿷ܡ
ǧǳɵĴѾ߳Σȫ֣ܣ޷͸󹥻ǳ

ڣǧİ֮һµƣǳɵĴܣԶԶܵоһɻصơ
󣬿¾ǲˣҲκβðɣһͨǳȻھ֮γһ˿µĴ
Ҫۼʶһеķ붼ţǺھȻǿĴ
ˡ
ǳɵĴתţǳģһ⻪ת¶һڵͨ
ȻҾ֪ǿǺԲֻô򵥡һ
Ⱥǧ֪꣬Ǻܡ

ͻȻͨһֱ
⡭
ܵĽ⣬ɫһ䡣
ȻǺܣɳȴûнȥ̽Ĵ㣬ǳܿ²κβãоʲôҪõǺεѡȻţҲŵΪڵʵȥǳлȡǿµı
һУȻǴԺʵǿˣԣûȴû뵽֮ͨУȻֱӿһ⽫֡
鷳ˡ
һЦԽǿߣµıԽǲ׵õڤɽõȴɥˣΪʵ㡣
Ҳǻ˼꣬ٵĵطǿȥģǵһ޾յأأżЩطʵȥû˵Щطͻֱӱɴͽȥġ

ֳ룬һֱ̣ӴǺʧ


705 ħѪ
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ܾ任һ̣һ֮С
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ĿǱڻ֮ϣҲ𾪲ѣЩڻϵȴһͷʶȻʶȴܸоЩǿɣڻһɱ
⵽ʲôطǿΪ˶ıڻüͷ΢壬⹬ƺûʲôΣգֻǱڻȴޱȣ¾񾳵ǿߵҲδܹǱڻ֮п
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ڴʱ·ʲôų룬ϵѪҺ·ڲӿӦǹĶ
⡭
һǹʲôȻֳַܹӦҪ֪ħһǿޱȣǿȣԽһƷԪǹĶȻܹ干
ʲôҵ壬Ȼޱȿĸоüͷ΢壬СĳŹȥ
ԤϣŹȥȻû˿Σա
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Щ˼飬˵ǿµĹٻһЩ֮ĶŶԣ빬֮ȴûκεΣգʵЩͬѰ
Ȼǲ⣬ɳȴʮֵСģ˵Σվͻή١
Ȼˣ֪Ҳû˿Σգǹֻһʮͨʯҡ
ǾҵıĿ⿴ʯ룬һΰѪҺûһѪҺ
ֻһۣоԼĶ·Ҫһ㣬˵ѪҺΪ֮ڡ
ʲôѪҺȻ˿£ľæƲۣʵصߣһѪҺȻд˱仯ʵڲ˼顣
ȻûпѪҺɳ뻹ܹܵԼ壬ѪҺʮֵĿѪҺӿֻû֮ǰǰҰˡ
ǿ߿ٳǺȻΪһѪҺգһ۾⹬㸴ӣһ·ܿȷѪҺ¾ǹΨһı
ǺΧǳŪ˾޴ƣıȻֻһѪҺ
ȻֻһѪҺɳȴǷ֣ѪҺ򵥣򶼲ħѪĹ

ڳ˼֮ʣһ⻪ӿţʯڣǳһӰ
ħһĺ󱲡֮УӰڵ
һӰ޷жΪݵģɶԷȻ֪ħһ壿
֣ħһߣˣǲ޷ﱾΪԼ׼ġӰ
Լˣ
һ¹ǺǿߣȻħһǰ
ѹԼû˿ΣգǿԣħһߣľħһߣȻûпıҪͺԼ±ûпıҪһǲƽߣҪԼĵȻҪ飬Ϊֻ츳׿֮ߵøԶԵģԼˣҪ͵ˣֻΧһֿ飬ʵ̫ͣħһߣȻûпıҪˡ
ᣬĦմۣ޾գڻ纣ˣ䣬´˿ռ䣬᱾Ѫ£ԴԵˡ
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һ⿪ǺǿߣȻһλۣѹǺڵ󷨣ǿ޷Ӳ
ҲǼʶ㣬ɴۼǿߣο£֪һЩģĦմۣһλۣȻǻ纣ˣǻ纣ʲôط
ĦմµϢĳʵ̫ˣۼǿߣڻ绹䣬ǻ纣Ŀ£֪
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вʮ̤꣬񾳣Ȼ벻֪ԪʷǷȴ֪һ֮Уųõʱ䣬ҲԶԶ
ԭǴһЩۣ̤񾳣񾳵ʱҲ̫ƿƻϲϱ仯ħѪѪֱΪͻơ˵ѹƣʵϣûԭ߶ѹΪһСϳȴһ˫Сл˫ţںӵĳɳ
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ңԶȻҪԽٸ򡣡ип֪·ߣһ·˺ѿռȥ¶úķʱ䣬Ƕһܹǰľ롣ٸ򣬼浱޾ҲϰѣûߵôңԶ
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ΪڶԴ֮ϣ߶ޱȵСģǳϧºųϵĳɾͶﵽ˲ΣǲоޱȵСġΪʲô߾չأΪҪϵоԼ꣬걾ʮֵĴ뼫ΪСģҪչУвĴȫɱֻȡ顣
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ڣвڣ¿Ǵһǿսʱ뿪ڴԣѩϼ˪
Ѱ߿ڣԥľֻܾ⿪ڵ¿µʦһλʵɲǿߣһʱ䣬ȴǲ֪Ӧԡ
Ǿܾ룬ǴӦΣҪ֪ҵĸ
ģ뿪֮ǰһǰΣ
ԥʱ򣬳ȴĶ
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ϵŵĸ߲㣬Ǽһ档뿪ڵ
ǰ롭ǰ֪һ㶣æ
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ϵţҪǿ֪һλ˾صǿߵԸվߣŵĸ߲Ȼʮֵĸˡ˵εս޷ʤĹؼǶڴµŶԣȴѩ̿ˡŵĸ߲㣬ͬǰš
ɽžӣ˶մռֶΣܿǵִɽš
ţĿ⿴ԶɽţüͷһκһŵϳǾطҲǲ⣬ȻֻһһɳоԷɽţҪƿǴҲúķһ

ڴʱһϹ֮Уһ͵˫ۡ
֣ôоղŷ·˲̽ţѵҵĴüͷ΢壬ǼΪҪĹͷҪ̲ŵ̬ƣֻʣһ򣬷¶Сġ
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ʱһصѾӳȥ˱Ǹӭӳߡ
λ¿µʦ𣬳ǰɡ߷͸ΪҲǹʵΪ𣬺ο⻼̬Ҳŵļ͡
΢΢ͷҪڣȴȻܵһǿϢЦˡ


710 ȵ

صһ㶣ͬʱߴһϤʲô
һҲİ
ǴߣλӾ˵¿µʦ𣬳롣æ
õߴڰеһǳŴ֮С
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ߴ󶼺ƣԶԷֶΣ֮ƺԷʾԶԷ𾴣ȻҲûƵģȽ١
һ۷塣ֻһۣǿ˵Ϊһ۷ˣǿҲϾֻһһ̫ǿ
ԳӭԵƣ
һĻһԵ˶ס˶˵ʵǿ񾳵ǿߣȻԵƳ룿
Ҫ֪񾳵߿վ۷ǿߣǵ۽ε֮ߣѰߣ۷ߣǶδطУǶڳ룬ȴ˿ֻһܣǾǳҲ񾳵ߣֻ񾳵ߣ˴ʵ൱ߣŻ˿ӭԵƣ
²ʵ˾أѾܸ߹ʵ񾳵Ŀ̫ͣϾһߣһǿߣôô׳ԼС֮УԵɺϵһӣ飬һ֮УҲֻйഫһЩ˵֮УŻֵġ
ڣǰһУȴǸ񾳵ߣ
ʦ񾳵ǿߣ¿ҲЩţڵͲǵǸո̤ԪСӣĥȻ񾳵Ŀ£ǿһǿߡԼȻһλǿ£Ҫ֪Щһ֮УҪ¶ʮֵѣһɢޣûʲô츳ɢޣȻ£
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ǵѾͲҽȥ΢΢һЦڵ
ѣʵڱǸЩ鷳ԵҪţԣŵӳ֡˳
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ȻСģұֺη΢΢һЦҲ⣬ֱԡ
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΢΢ͷλһһҲ̫ˣ˵ʲôķչҵûġ
һֱⴳѾܾûʲôϢҴǰЩʱ䱾´ѰԵͻڣͻȻ䣬ԭ䣬ֻҪϢεõҲûʲô£²֪ôͱŵ֪̾һԭͺЩԹʵǵҲκβǣҴ䣬޷ϵֻʣһţŵλߣ˼̲һŲϵ̽ŵĵߡ
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ʵѣžһ;Χȫɽţд֧ţҲŹɱĵطѾ˿һԵ¿£ڵ
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Ե뱣ȫԺŵǿ飬ҿԳŵžԲԴ߶֡˿ڵ
;ϳϳдػûгߣӰ첢˵óżΧһʵ̫ˣҲ֪һ벻ܴӦȻˣֱӽԼĴ˵˳
ԣҲǳĬ˵Ҳʮֵ⣬һ񾳵ߣܲ뵽ս֮УҲǳһΣˡڰ꣬˲ΪӦ
һԵʱѾȫɵˣԤϵȫһΪ뵽ܹߵʵǿһЩȻû뵽ǣȻϳΧ

ȵ֣ξˡ֮УһѪӶŲԶӹֵ
ѪޣӦüǵ֮ԼԻһΡӿһѪӣĮ
Ȼףһ׳ľûᣬǴᣬ֪ҪȶãҲֳ֡Ѫæ
˽鴳޾գǷһ飬ʵļֵҲԽԽ󡣶һΣ֪˴ϳ֮Ѫޱֵ֪ܵʵ޷κζϳˣֻȵ˳ܹ֡ƵŴ̲ţõȵҲֵõġϾȵ˾޾մ˵ʲôʱ뿪ŻٴλҪԷ飬Ҳһлᡣ
ֶȻʵĵطͰװ˷ˣһ̲ţɾһûᡣ
ɣһس߽ţǻɽҲö־ƵҲǻ顣ӵĮ
͵֡Ѫͷһ̣񾳵ߣǳɽŵλøȥ
ǳȻܹϳӲǱˣǵ׷ɱòӽǺλߣȵˣ


711 ԩ·խ
˽˵ֱףҲ׶ԷѾϾûʲôϵƴţֵŵĶԹ֮С
Ȼžϳ֪Էǲһֱأ֮ԳԼҲǲڵһλ񾳰ˡϾţڵһλ񾳣ʮֲǵ顣
ôҲ񾳵ߣǱߣҪ汣סһֻһλ龳Ҳʲô£ȻûбҪվߡ
ǵѻ˵ϣǾ͡׼뿪ͻȻһһը
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ãŵɱˡԣɫʱһ䡣
ȻϵŻŶ֣Ҳ˲ٵİţֻǶԷʵ̫ˣҪ֪ΧûžȻֱӹŵϳҪ֪һŵϳŵĸľӪɲô׹ƣǱ˴ʵ̫󣬷һ㶼ֱӹȡԷϳԼû뵽žȻֱȡŵϳ
ϾһŴսȲʳԷΧȻϳγΧ̬ƣֱӹȡԷϳ̫ˡ
˻һ¿˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬һսεߣڻһĴڡ˭Ҳû뵽ֻǰ飬ȻϮ
صģžֵܶ꾭Ӫɲôƿġ˴ʱҲ侲һЦ
ŵϳĦ޽ǾĴ۵ϳĦ޶ΪھǾĴ۵Ķ֡ȻǾĴۣҲĦޣʵϳӪ꣬Ȼ㹻ĵ
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ѣԵƬ̣ҳȥѪǡ˿ڵδ䣬ѾǴӴʧ
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Ѫޣ㵨ӵǲСȻֱǰšڴʱһЦ˵γŸ߲ǰ
ˣڵλҶ˵ԸԲþҿԽŵ£ҽΪƽءѪЦ
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أ˵ͫһȵһ֣Ǹо˶ԷϵǿϢصߡ
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ŵĴӦõֵسߵȫڵߣҪƿҲôףԸԷʵ̫ǿ˴ʱֻλسڵߣսᳬڣȻŵĴ󣬿ɾ͵ֵסˡ
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ռɫһȵյԿռΪһ֪ܼǿѾǳԽŻɽļޡ
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Ѿزסˣԭ˴ţȴϦ˹ʱ֣Ҳǿţֻ˶û뵽ǣžȻصǿһŸֻʣ³Ϧһ񾳵ߣǻصôѪ˵Ķ֡

ͻȻһâڣϤĸоʲôطǵ׷ɱʱ򣬺Ϣһĸо
û뵽Ȼһɱ
걻ص׷ɱòӽǺûǡֻҪ޾ҵһص̫ˣҲΪʲôܶ޾޼ɵԭΪڹ޾գǸôɺС
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ಡ
¿û˿ԥֱӷӳȥһԵ״ҲǿЦæȥ

һ̣Σǳԡ
ѣˣҲסˣѾó׼뿪ˣɳȻ˹


712 Ӳ
˲ûȣֻףԷصڣվҲûãǿΣգûκεĹϵΪͷ˸ɴֱӰгϦ˺֪ͨԷһߣҪҵϦӦòѡ
û뵽ȴǳֱӸ˹˵ڴ֮УҲӦܹ֮ǰһܣһߣܹĲŶԡ
㡭ȵ˵ĿڳϣϣһʮϤĸоȴ벻ʲôط
ȴǲ֪̤񾳣ϵϢѾ˼ı仯֮ǰ¿¶ûϳȵȻ񾳵ߣǱʶУ϶Ѿ䣬ο̤񾳣ܣȻҲûǸ׷ɱСϻɡ
»ǹ˶£Ǻ⣬ҿǷ˸һݴ񡣡ԷûϳԼ벻һЦ
㣡
һڣȵǰӣǵǸ׷ɱòӽǺ
ֻǶԷ̤񾳣Ϣ˲Сı仯ڣһʱ䣬ûϳ
Ȼûȵ˾һ
Ǻǧ꣬Ϊɣ뿪ģû뵽Ȼǻ
㶼ûôһЦ
һԵ˾ڳٶۣ˶ԻҲףȵ֮䣬Ŵ𣬳֮Գ֣ҲΪȵ˲Ż֡
һһسڵߣȻҲ˿ѪĿڳϣһм
һسڵߣǿǸո̤񾳵߰ˣ˵ȵᲢۣѪεߣѹ룡
ΪãȻصȵǿǿѪ޿ˣѰ·
ŶԡȵжѪ޸ǲм˲֪£ʮֵֻأ˵صߣ׷ɱѣԼãǳ̤أҪ³붼ѡڣɲأһسڣʵһʵɱ䣡
ѾصȵˣҲ˵Լܹʤ룬Ѫ޾ȻһسڵΪȥԷĿѰ·
СѾ̤񾳣ҲδǶ֣ѾտռߣҲδҡȵȻľţܹߣϾѾǽռϵٶ֮ϣֶܱοɲ
Сӣ˵ԴСҪܹʤѪޣұŹšȵһǰģ
㻹СģȻһЦ˵˲֪ʵȵˣв֪ĵһصߣĶ֣أ׻һصߣοڡ

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Ϊ̤񾳣Լ޵𣡡
˻һѪ˶ʱŭǺôҲ񾳵ߣԼĽΪڳ֮ϣȻһ󱲳Цβŭ
ȻҾͳȫǡЦһﲻ֪ȵ˵뷨ѪΪȡʱ䡣

һֱ̣ӳŴ
ѣмƣ˿һĻɫһ䣬ͶԷг𣬴ʱվһߵģ˵һλһسڵ߶ڵսûʲô̫Ӱ죬ɺôҲһصߣʱΪűһЩ֡Ȼ˿̳뾹Ȼɱ˳ȥⲻ
СӣȥɣѪŭһһ˲䳯ų˹ȥ
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һĻһԵλɫ͵һ䣬ﲻɾѪޣһ۷ǿߣȻһɱˣ
λϵܣˡڴʱһЦ
̻ͷֻȵѾӳȥ˶񾳵ߣʱﻹףȵһʼ֪Ŀ£һʼûͳ뽻֣ǳ䵱ڻң룡
ȣ㲻ú˴ŭѣôҲû뵽ؼʱ̣ǾȻȵ˸ˡ
⡭
Ŵڣһ߿һĻɵˣһնɱѪޣصǿߣȻսӣ
ѵʵʿˮ֪ʱ֪ʵжǿص߶Һ֡
ѹֶԷֱǰţڳУûнй
ʦʵǿ¿оâһμ֣񾳵ǿߣȻһɱˣ
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ǰǺǰ޴𡭡ŵߣ˿Ҳǻعæġ
֮ǰȷûд𣬲ˡ뵭һһˡ
ûɱѪޣǵȷûʲô𣬿Ѫôܷλ񾳵߻ȥ

˸ܵϮĽ⣬ʱʵŭϧǽ⻮ҲǸѪޣ䡣
գ֮䣬λ񾳵䣬ߵĳʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪Ѫλ񾳵ߣϳŵӣֻҶϳǿߣȴգ֮㱻ɱһ̣˶ǸܵʵнҪԣӵгʵҲڱ˴ţһ֡
ǷȻ޷Ƭ̡ܵѪ˵ϢʧȵаղѣԭΪ˶ٿƬ̣û뵽˾Ȼ˲ͱնɱ
ʵԤϵĻҪǿһЩ֮ǰûѡͳ뽻֣ߵĻᶼûС
Ѿӳܱٶȣصı׷ϡ
Ӳġڴʱȵ˵Ķһֱ̣Ӵԭʧűǳȵʮǰ
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ʦܣ㵨ӵǲС龳Ȼǰ򡣡ҡͷЦ
һ߶ǰ򣬸Ӳ˵龳ˣǰһʵ̫Σˡ
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Ժв޼۵ģȻֻǼһ棬ȴǾ޼۲ֱ֮
޼Ϲʱǲ𾳽ʱ򣬱սķպ;ľŽֹ޼򣬱һһŴġϹŴս֮УǺޱȣɱп
ҲǳϹʱھѾӵвǿߵһЩ޼۵ļأصĺ٣ֻЩأ֪޼۵Ŀ¡һλɱǿߣǾĴۣΪľ塣
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ʲôΪѣʦܴҪ٣ʮ鹻ǲȥȡһЩֱӵݸһöָЦŵ

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Σʦܵһתʦ𣬻ħһа취ǵʱʲôҪ֪ͨǡڵ
˵ͷǺͳֿˡ

һ֮У֪ϢڳҲԽ⣬ֻǶħһ壬ҪȻҲѡ
λóĻۣҲֻɰգǴۣǾĴ۶𡣡̾һ
粻֪ҪȻѶȣǽӴĴ۶ˣ֪ǺεȵѣΨһһЩյģҲֻɰնѣҴۻǸ⻹ǶԷھĴ۵ϣûҪ̫ࡣûʲô飬Ǵֻ»Ҫ
ΣҶȻ磬ϣʵ̫ˣϵϣ̫ҲԸһԡ
һԵĳ΢΢ͷǲ´۴Ƕǲεǿߣۣ겻УǾǧֻ꣬꣬ҪܹȻϣ̫ͣǸðգϣԤڵ̫ˡ
ϵ裬֮Уǰģ޾գ۲Σ֮ϵĶࡣЩε
۸ΪƺţɼԷԼ裬εȵţ۵̤ԪߣֻɰգҪȻѶȿ֪
ֻǸεǿߣпܾȻ硣̾Ϣһ
ǸεǿߣײβۣѼǣ˵Ǿˡ


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룬㣿Ѿ̤ˣܵϵϢҲһţӳеڣҲʮʱ䣬뾹ȻѾ̤񾳡
ʮ̤񾳣ʲôԪҲǶһεߣںͳһȣȴԵȫˡ
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ҲΪ¿¼ˣصѲʹ󣬰ź¿¼ˣϧµõ̵ĴţҲ̳ǰ
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Ȼóɲ治óռҶѾգһһߣҶɱһЩʱ񾳣Ҳߵĸ˳ϧЦŵ
΢΢ͷϧǰΪóȴ治óֻͻѡƾǰо;ϧµٶȣԶԶͨſɱȡ
ȻѾˣҲڶȰ㣬ӦñҸ޾յΣճ̶ȣһжСġ뿪ڵ
ϧ΢΢ͷǰΪ̤벻ղģ޾յΣգȻޱȵ
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Ҫǰħһʥص飬ϧǴ򶼲֪٣;Σճ̶ȿ֪Ҫ֪һ۷ߣܹԽôġȴֻһصΪˡ
ħһʥұȥֻΪԼҲΪʦ𡣡
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Ȼǰħһʥأ벢ûмųһȥֻ¾꣬ʮ궼пܣϳһ飬ҲҪǰźáϾô·̣;ʲô飬ֻҪʱ䣬
ʱ֮Уһ̵߽¿¼ߣһ׼ǰħһʥء

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ڵʵǰħһʥأֻ·;ϻвСΣաü
Խܶ涼ûȥЩϢ٣Ҫ֪ÿͬ޼ƽͣ޾һЩһͳ죬ͳ졣
ɱ¾⣬ң޾յ֮УǼΪġ
ҲħһҵĿ飬ܹԵִħʥأõĺôҲࡣ뿪ڵ
΢΢ͷħһ飬ȻǿǱҪǿħһ岻ֻǽԼ˶ѡ
ԭʵľŶѣħʥ㵹ǲؼľˡ̾
ħʥأǱȾĴͳľҪǿӵеԴԲǾľſɱȣľţҲ󣬼ƵҲ͵˼
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˻һɫʱ͵һ䣬ﾪ
ʦǡɫĳˣ벻΢΢һ㶡
ϹŴսֵ֮һ޾նӰӣǹƣӦЩͶ߽

ɫҲһ䣬ϹŴս˫սѹ̣ɫǴ䣬λ֪ĲϧһУҪסʯ壬Ϣʵ̵в̫ˣ͵ǵ˴һӣ
㷢ֵǴǳսʲôطæ׷ʵ
޼򡭡뵱ǽǳսλ˵˳
ԣ΢΢ͷһۣͲڹˣڰл漰ĶǲΡ
ͷԴ˵ûʲô⣬벻վȻ䣬Ȳεսԣϵߣģ񾳣˵ʲôʱȻˡ
ڳ֪ͨĴ۵ʱ򣬳Ѿ뿪˳磬ħʥضȥ


717 ɽ
֮УһǿĿռ䲨һӰǳǾ޴ǳ֮ϡ
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˵޼ƢҲ̫˰ɡһ񾳵ĺ󱲣ְɡĴЦ
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ĴԣɿЦ޼۵ƢǺϹŵʱһͷۣھӣСļ֡
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óǴۣϹ֮սˣܹۣ˭ûһ㱣ֶΡ
ܵÿ죬Ȼ޼ǼһǵúҶֲɡңԶգĴһЦ
ǶӹѿϵŮ˵ֲ㡣ĴƲƲ졣
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֪µ߲࣬ҲǾ򿿽޼򣬵ľĴҲ֮УŻ֪Ժ޼۵Ƣͳӱ꣬һֵܣһõӣҲͷ۲ѡ
Ĵҡҡͷʧ֮С

ʱţ޾գǰħʥأѾȥǧꡣ
ǧʱ䣬뼸ǲϵĴռ䣬ָΪ֮ڴռ䣬żһЩ޷ռ򣬲ŻսСҪ֪޾ޱȣһЩصĵط޷ռģֻܿУҲΪʲô޾ո·ǳװմռٶ㡣
Ϊٵط޷ռ䣬ֻܷУеٶȣȻǱȲϴռٶȣռ䣬һδǧɷУһܹаܿˡ£񾳵Ϊ˱ֳڷУٶȶάʮѡ

֮Уһ첨һӰ֮С
ͼأӦþɽɽ۵Χλɽۺ;ĴһϹʱھѾ̤۵ĴڣϹ֮սôȥʵɲ⡣밵
ɽۣڴ֮УҲǱȽϳһλΪ̫ˣʵҲǿƿص򣬶Ѱ۸ӵĹ
ǰħʥص·ߣǰ֮ޱߣ޾ȻγɣҪֻͨгɽµսͨ૵
֮һȽΣյĵطΣճ̶ȣǺ֮ϣ˵֮УһЩصʵΪ£ߣҪͨѡһ㶼ͨɽŵս֮ȻɽſɲװʹսÿʹãҪһʲƵķá


718 ǰ
ȻҪƵķãߣԸ֧ģҪ֪֮аС·Ҫʱ֮£ͨɽŵս֮ǱȽϰȫġ
Ȩ½˵Ǵ½ʵһǳɽۿٵһǳһλɽŵͳ򣬸֮
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λ֣ɽս֮ͨ빰ֵ
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ҪսȥǱߵǼǣˣͻΪ׵Сӳڵ
лָ֪
΢΢֣ǳŶԷָķȥ
ɽŵսɲʱģҪ㹻ߣŻϾս߶ʮԪ
һսȻҪƷԪǹ󡣡пѣֻǳһսҪƷԪҪ֪ƷԪɲʲôСĿһߵȫۣҲĿѡ
ȻƷԪȻ󣬵Ƕ񾳵߶ԣȴǼ㲻ʲôܹóġ
ѲˣȻԪ٣ɹ֧Сӻͣսķ൱λ𼶱ǿ߻ֵͣߡڳпѵʱһЦ
΢΢ͷȻƷԪȷܸߣԣСӻͣսܣ൱ڲεǿԻ͹ȥ۸治ߡƷԪ˵붯𣬿¼ϲһ涼ʸֲεǿߣɲ˭ܼ
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ѲػɣɽŵսȷԶһʯ໨Ҳܶһֻ໨Ѿûп棬һζһ֪ʲôʱ֪Ҫʯɽʯʣ࣬ҴյսӦþ͹ˡЦŵ
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Ȼ໨ߺʯĶһս࣬ʵϣ໨ߵȴǴʯģʯ໨ȴ߸򣬰еıֻҪ繻ߣĹĵòֵͬı߼ѡܹеģʵߵĸ
꣬ԷǴսʯ໨߽ߣҲ콫ʯɡ
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Ǳȵ˵İʱ˼ʮꡣ밵
ʵϣİʱ䣬ǾľŰߵƲѣʵϵʱ䣬̣ҲܸȻֻʮѣǱȽ϶̵ġ
˷õߣǵõţһߣ׷ǰľţսһֱͣھľפأҪʱŻ
ѣּˡ߼룬Цŵ
΢΢ͷǰľŽѵʱ򣬱˶ԷҲ֪Էǻһ뿪ɽ
ʱţһλλ½뵽ս֮Уսɣ˲ٿս֮⣬ɽŵСӸͣÿһ͵ߣˡ񾳵ߡ
񾭹ߣ඼һһˣҲɽͳķΧ󣬶֮ͨȫİ취ɽƿ֮У޷ռһݾ޴档
ѿ֪ΪʲôܹǰʮͻȻڵ
һ㶣ЩĿŶԷѵǰΪߴ
֮ǰΪǰˣΪһλǿߣҪǰ֮һߵ򡣡ߵ
𣿡һȴû뵽𣬾ȻҪսԶԷʵԴԽ֮ӦҲ̫Ѱɡ


719 ׻
֮һƬĵ޷ռ䣬аǰǲҲֻܿд
˲ǸΣǷд֮һҲʲôΣգԲǺٳɽսġΪǸûҪ
û뵽вһѹʱǰôࡣ밵
𼴱ǴۼǿߣҲӣϾǿԪ޾ߣǻĴڡ
˵λפڴ˵ɽͳЩ飬һǾֱӳˡ߸п
΢΢ͷûо֣ʵϣ¹Ĳ𣬼ʶģҲûʲôֵġһЩϹ֮սǰǲߣǶʶһЩңԶǿߣΪϹ֮ս޾նսЩսķʶȻͶˡ
ڴʱսڷһɧţֻһӣһ֧Сӵ֮£սڡ
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ֻһۣǿѾǲεǿߣԷĸоͳԼĸоһͬǺӴһ䡣
ǰ롣СӳĽ쵽һҡ
սڲҲ٣ǳˣʮһңȻⲻ𲢲һҲһĲǲ񾳵ʲôġԴˣҲû֡
ˡ
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Ҫ֮սҲҪ߰ʱ䣬ҪһЩʮ궼ǿܵġ߿սľЦŵ
սϾֻǷУǰ㴩ռ·˹֮ҪʱȻҲ
֮вСΣգսҪΣգȻ죬һЩΣգٶȾˣҪʱҲࡣ
ڵĲɣҲʮУһЩǱĿУһЩǺߵ߽Ͼ;ǱչزҲ㲻ˡ

һȡƣԳЦѣҲԵ⼸;ǲУɾˣ֮ȻΣգɾɫȴޱˣ·ۿ
Ŷ֮ľɫ뵹ҲӹƣƷһڣЩ
˵ͼ֮Уй֮ļأǹΣյļأ֮ľɫûʲôء
ѿӦòǸߣʵʯþ֮ͷߡЦ

ͼҲмأǰħʥҪһ򣬶úɽһ֮ѹʯ֮ɽ˵˽⣬ȴԶ
ʵ֮ڸ򲢲˵ôأܶ߶֪ɫЩ񾳵ߣȴҲֻսͣҪȥ̫Σˡʯп
΢΢ͷ֮ΣգֻǴӳͼ֮У֪һЩ֮߶о޴ΣաɽҲַʽ׬Ǯ
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ս⣬ͬһ㣬ӴޱȵҲ𺳲ѣ֮ǰ˵񾳣ǲ𣬿¶еС

ԶԶܹ֮һЩ绡תЩ绰һ龳ߣֻǽӴ䡣ֵ绡֮ţһЩ֮γɵ׵磬񾳶Ӳ
սӣܿǳ֮һ֮˱ܹսתĵ绡Щ绡ȴ޷սʲô˺ͨս۷µߣƻ
û뵽֮У߶ѹˡǵ绡ֲ֮üͷ΢΢һ塣
֮Щ绡Ԫһ㣬ΪѰĴڣ֮ΣգԶԶֹڴˡ
Զĵ绡תγɾ޴Ǻӣǿֲľޣ绡ת֮£һ޺
ȻҲǱսľľ磬ǾԿġ
ţͻȻĿƲԶһӰȻǵ绡֮оţеģ
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Ӧ֮һߣ֮ȻΣգΧȴ֮һѵʥأ֮ܶһߣѡΧʯЦŵ
޾һЩ֮أ֮Ȼ֮ƽģڲͬĵطһЩȴǸ׸ܵˮ֮Уˮ֮͸׸ɽ֮У֮һ׸򣬱ѩ磬֮һ׸򣬶֮绡֮һȻҲ׸
˵֮ΣޱȣΧȴǱȽϰȫģ֮ܶһߣԸв򣬶Ƕԣ֮Χѵõʥء
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֮ͨߣʮΣգǶ֮һߣȴѵõʥء
һԵʯԣ˵ͷһЩյͨ߿ʮΣգһЩУѵõıءͬߣŲͬĿߣߵ·ͬӶγȫһе·
սǰУһ·ϣҲǼ֮вߣǧңǧе߾ͺˡ
ǧӦþ߲еļޣ룬¾Σˡ밵
ʱţһתۣ˳ս֮Ѿȥʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ѿ֪֮ǰ˶Զ֮Ȼŵ绡żҲܿһ׵磬Щ׵磬սڵߣҲǸеļ¡һߣһ׵磬¶ñɱ
Ҳ֪֮ôγɣаС׵硣ҲǸпѣ޾ޱȣܶյأȻγɣǲεǿߣ޷Щյγɵԭ
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ڴʱ绡һŭ
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սڵߣٶ񾳵ΪŭȻİ޵ŭ

һ̣Զĵ绡֮УһͷǧɴСľ޴ͷǹ޴ӵ绡֮г˳ϣ绡תɢһޱȿµơ
ޡǿǧ붼ܸܵɢĿܣͷ޵ʵ۷Ρ
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ͷޣó׵ޣ֮֮Уʵֻ»Ҫǿ֣һ۷¶Ƕ֡
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ͻȻͷŭһȻս˹
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۷׻ޣǶսһЩв
ȫ߶ս׼ӭսһСӳ

һ̣ٿս߱Ǵ߶սĹһɿֲƣս֮ϻӿ
͡
ͬʱԶ׻޵ͺһɫ绡תһֲɫ޹⣬սݺݵ˹
䡫
һ̣ս߶ɫ޹һһֲľ֮ը


720 
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Ǿ޴Ŀռ籩ȴڵ绡ת֮£ȻۿɼٶȣѸٵĻָ
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ȫ߶󷨡һĻָӲٿսСӳɫһ̴ȵ

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׻ޣһ㶣Ҫ֪һޣûʲôƺģͳΪޡ
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׻ƺҲоĿ£ͺĵ绡۹ɲ֮䣬׻ޱͬһ޴ơ
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һķɣϵڳԺ֮ڳԺ֮Уֻʣһ
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Ҫֵ֪߲٣ɴ߶Ǳǿʵ𺳣ЩߣҲû򡣶ȴһӾ˶֮Уǿ󣬶ۿֶ򣬶񾳶ԣһ޴ĻԵ
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˵ɣֻǲֻ´۽붼Σաǰ
Ѿת밵УɽۺͶִ˱ʵǿǸǲ̫ǰһЩε
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ۻڣȻʼ޷뿪ֻ֮Ҫƿ֮ǵһսǴۼߣҲκβǡһЦ
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뿪֮󲻾ãֵķΧ˼֣һŭ𣬷·ʲôµҪһ㡣


721 ʱ
߶ԣһ˲飬һ֮еĳ룬ܿѹ
ѣˡһԵʯ״Ц
ʯѣҶ˶೤ʱ䣿벻ɵ
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ʱ䣬ȷ̣ܶ߶Ԫֻһ˲ѡ
û뵽Ȼȥôʱ䡣ҲǸпѣһζջСֱ˵֮ΪĹ֮
֮ǰֱ֪ԻΪʱֻܽ깥򵥵ĵ֮ϣѾǼΪĿ£һһĽ˵궼ܴʵģֱһ
ʱĳ룬ûΪĹ֮ڿһ֮УȴͻȻ깥֮ǽУ̺µ깥Ƕֵͬһ㣬Ԫ˲깥ҲܴԷСѹ̺֮깥ֱ֮ĲΣȻֻǼ򵥵ĽϣѾǵɱȡ
ԳĹƣ֮ʵѾӽصߡ֮ǿ˲١
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Ѿȥһ࣬ս׵磬ҲԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽǿսĵ绡Լżյ׵磬п
ǣ⸽׵磬һǿסǼ룬׵磬ҶסһԵʯ̾
ʯʵս֮УǱȽǿģΪ֮ߣصߣΪѾغڡһһصߣΪ̫۲֮ÿһƷԪɲʲôСĿΪϵߣĳ֮УǶսһ㶼뿪Լ̫ԶһʲôΣҲܼʱϻء
ڸ򴳵ߣصΪЩԱҲǴĥõʱ

ڴʱ׵һŭ
׻ޣüͷһ塣
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˵ͷ׻ԴԽ࣬ʵԽǿһһԴԴȣһԴ׻ޣҲһص֮䣬Դ׻ʵأȷ޷սʲôΣա

׵һɵľ޴ηӶһͷͷ׻ޣ׻޲ûгսɱ˼ܿʧ׵֮С
Щ׻ôое㲻Ծӣüͷ΢΢һ塣
׻޳ֵҲδ̫ƽˣʵϣ֮ļ֮УЩ׻޵ļز࣬Ļ֮Σա
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ս֮ţżܹһЩӹ׻ޣЩ׻޸ĸоҪϮʲôĸоƺ֮ʲôǶе־һ㡣
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һתۣ˽֮Ѿȥ꣬ڼ˾ܹһЩ֮⣬ûԾĵطڳ붼Լǲˡ
죬ʯ̸ţŶԷڴ顣
λѣиϢҪߴҡڴʱһɽŷεСӳڲڡ
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ʱͿռ籩ЩƣȻսεĶûʲô޴вҲǷطɾֻҪЩ֮أʵ̫Σա
СӳԲһ㶣ȴû뵽һһصߣȻ͸֪ʱȻ£ȴκβսֻҪսڣǾǰȫģʵϲûʲôΣա
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ʱУһ㶣ǵһʱʡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱУΪǰ򵥶ԣڻһƬռ֮Уϵı任ȴһƬռ䡣СӳЦ
˼˵ʱвʧǾͻԶһƬռ䣿ɫһ䣬ü
Сӳ˵ͷ
⡭
˻һڳɫʱ䣬ԶһƬռ䣿ǿɲǲӵ޾ԪһԪ޵ǿǻȻġ
鷳ˡɫһҲû뵽飬Ȼ˵ļ֣ʱУϵı任γһѭʱһУԶʱ֮СʱֹͣѭͲͣ


722 
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Ȼʱʱȴǲͬʱʱγɣ֮γһѭƮȥƮһֱ֮С
ʱʲôʱʧ
֪Сӳ΢΢ҡͷ
֪ɽѵ֮Σն
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˻һ߶ǷŭϾ¹Ĵ£ɽŵʮֵķŭƽǲɽţҲԸɽţ¹ȻԴС
뿪սǲֹ£ͱɽŵĹءСӳɫһ俴ˡ
˻һԭŭѵˣʱ侲ɽȻֻСսսȴǵĲٿ֮£һλվǱߣ治Щͨ߿ǵġ
뿪սǸ׵绡ǲǳֵ׻ޣҪǵС뿪սɡ
ǲ̫ģ֮ûֹһͻȻʱУӦֻһʱ֮£̫ԶڡǰѾ棬źܿͻϢСӳ
˵˻СӳֱӴСӣǰһҡ
û뵽ǵȻôʱСʯһЦ
Ҳǵ˵ͷ֪ˣڳߣԸ߼ҲԲᴩ֮ʱѾˡ
ΨһܹľʱУһֱڣѭȥǾͻԶ
ϣɡпЦʱ֮£Ҳսڲǲܹһ뿪ɣǸʲôˡ

սڣɫصĶǰߣλ񾳵Сӳ˵ʵǲĶصΪ
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ʱȻ£Ҳûа취ƻģǿ߿ԽʱһʱҲǱաǰʱƶʵϣһƬʱеλòϱ任û˿Ĺɣսλöڲϱ任ֻսڵ߸ܲˡҪӲϱ任սʱУ̫ˡ
ѵǰҲûа취صӿЦ
ʱбܹסһ뿪ҲᱻУһսΣգҸԮǡҡҡͷ
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ĮʱУӦòȻγɵģԶĴȥȻɢ
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ʱȥˣȻʱ䣬񾳵߶ԣޱȵĶݣ꣬ҲЩϾǶǷʱУƺûмļ
ǰˡɫҲôÿʱ䣬Ƿ·һֱûжָоս֮УǾ޷оġ
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𣿡΢΢üΪһ̣սĵ绡ڶ
Ҳżʼϸ۲ʱţһ۲죬Ǵ£ǿȷһƬĵ绡ȷˡʼ۲ʱ򣬴ϣ֮һҡ
֮һĵ绡ʵ̫ˣ񾳵ǿ۲죬Ƚϣ¶ܲһ㡣
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㣿߿ų룬һЦһмɽŵľӢ۲ô꣬ûʲô֣һһصз֣
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ǰСӷѣһһصʲô֡뻹û˵ֱ꣬ӱǾʿϡ
ǲѣ𲻻жϣҪָ㣿Ͼǻߣһ۱ǿ͸Ǿʿ뷨ɫʱ
ҡǾʿһֵ̿ȻɽŵĳԱǺȣҲϰˣɱҲΪͷ
ʲô֣˵˵Ц
۲һʱ䷢֣ܵĵ绡ƺڲϵļ٣Ȼ֪Ϊʲô绡٣ӦúʱвСĹϵ뿪ڵ
ǰ㿴Ҿ˵Ǿʿԣ̳Ц
졣һǾʿ룬Цܹһ㣬㵹Ϊϸġ
ǰѵҲЩȵĿ
òΪ㶼ֵģɡ΢΢һЦ
⡭
ЦһҲǣһ񾳻ֲˣǲ𣬷һ㣬Ҳûʲô֡


723 ͻ
˵龳񾳵ĲֻһĻۣô񾳺Ͳ֮䣬һʵı仯
ṳ̂벻𣬸޷ǿյ
ܷһ㣬Ѿܲˡ΢΢һЦ
ֱӴųսңĴ죬Ǿʿ롣
ɶСӣȻᱻӡʿһȻĺǳŭԣֻܽŭתƵϡ
һһصߣ̫졣ʿЦѾǶԳɱģҪǳ뵽ӡ󶼲Ϊ룬ȻѾûκεĺøˡ
ǰ
ңСӳǹ
΢΢ͷЦˣǽһλѣһ֪ݡ
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룬λǰ빰ֵ
ѡ
Сӳ΢΢˵ͷȻǰôģȻд
ЩʱһЩ֣Ծ͹ǡ룬ڵ˵˵ķ֡
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һԵСӳʱҲЩסˣһһص֣ߴģǿ¶ΪԷѣģֻжϣȻܴŴǰ
Щ۲˸ĵ绡ֵ绡ڼ١뻺˵ţʵޣֻǷһѡ
绡٣
üͷ΢壬Ƭ̺󣬲ǿڵ᲻ǵ绡ɢȻɢ
Ҫ֪ʲôܣֻҪͣɢǲһ֮¿µµţҲ𽥵ɢ֮ĵ绡б仯Ҳʲôֵ顣
ȻɢЩ绡ʵʱУһƬʱ֮СһԵ𿪿ڵ
һƬʱ֮Уصüͷ΢壬ڵǰ㲻˵һƬʱնڲϵѭȥ𣿡
ȷһֱѭǵ绡ҲӦǳһƬռŶԣɵ绡ʱգսȴˣƺЩ˵ͨ
ָͷС©ܹƴʯͷû𣿡𵭵
ǰ˼˵һԣһâ
û򣬲ûа취뿪ֻһЩԪĶ뿪һƬʱգǵս̫󣬸޷뿪𿪿ڵ
սΪἰ̫󣬸޷ͨ·Ŀ׶һֱһƬռʱ֮б任λãѭȥɵ绡ͬʵ̫СˣɾͨʱеĿ׶뵽һʱ֮С
ǰЩ׶ͨ𣿡뿪ڵĻʳĹؼ
Ͼ޷ͨп׶ڣҲûκε壬Ϊǻ޷ӳһƬռ䡣
һԵСӳҲǿҲ뵽һ㡣
ڻ޷ȷЩ绡Ȼڼ٣񾳵߳ȥͬǾһҪȣȵ绡ٸ࣬ٲ֮̽󣬲ȷ𿪿ڵ
绡Ȼڼ٣λСӳûз֣ɼ绡ٵٶǺܻģͲˡ
ǰǻҪʱ䣬ǲܳȥ̽߿ڵ
꣬ǵ绡ٵٶڲϱǿҵƲ⣬ϵߣԳȥ̽

ԣҲһ꣬ǺܶݵģҪǧ꣬ǿɾ鷳ˣϾ񾳵ߣԪޱġ
˻ҲǾȲѣ𲻵˵绡٣˵绡ٵٶȣƲ⣬һ㣬ԶԶ޷ȣǽֵ绡٣֪ٵĵ绡ȥ
ϵܣˣʯ룬æڵʲôϢ
Цŵ˵ͷλɽŵѾ֣ٹ꣬ӦþȷһЩ飬˵ʱҵȥİ취ˡ
̫ˣ
˻һʯҲǼ
ʯѾ꣬һδصԼĴ磬´УԪͲˣǵ¶ǵһȻߡȻֻǱ꣬ʵϣʯлǱȽϵĵġ
ڵߵ֪ϢҲʮֵļǱû˿İ취ֻܵ񾳵ߣֻ¶þܵӰ죬ĸֻ̡Ҫа취ϣгȥĻᣬЩߣһǾߵ죬ǲΣգǾûϣֻо
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սʻܿǴ磬սȴͻȻһƬžͣ

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һ֮֮Уܹλ𣬾ΣգȴǲꡣЦŵ
˻һ˶ǵ˵ͷһεľǶԣҲǵһΣλɱǿֲޣֻǻǸеľΪǿߣľ˷ܣ߶޷ʱⳤӣնһ
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׵Ĵ׷ɱ׼磬ɾľŸ߲㶼棬Ϊʱ˶ڼ䣬˽˶Թ˽˶Թ߲ǲܳģ
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ˮǷΧһһֹ⻹ǳˮûпŵԵʣܶĴ磬ԸˮΪˮʵǿƿصҲԶӵƽ͡
ǧʱΪѾǴﵽһغڲΣͬ˵ڶ֮ǧĸ·ʶٵǿţһЩţеޱȾȣһ·Ƿ֣ھ۽εȵС
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˻Ҳ΢΢һҪ֪ħһ壬ֻϾѵѪˮۣȻûɱѵѪҲǽܿ飬ǼΪѵá
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ȻֻҪΪﵽ񾳣ܲμӡĪ΢΢һЦ
ħһ屾ǼΪŽᣬرǾϹ֮սħһÿһλˣʮֵںֻ̤벻εǿߣŻƺǰһߣֵơ
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һȴϹ֮սǰħһǲЩɱħѪߵġ
Ϲ֮սħһֶԿǿУħһ˲أֺͬηΪҲõߵľ壬ħһ֮ĹϵΪͣħһ߲㿼ǵħѪԽԽ٣ʼĳЩħһߡǾγ֧Īֿڵ
ԭˡ΢΢ͷħһϹ֮ս˼һĦ޶ἰһЩᵽħһ壬ҲǼΪľ塣
ħһ󣬼евħһ߲㿪ʼɱħˣӶγбħ˵֧
Ȼħһǿ߿ʼ֧ߣ֮УкܶߣЩ֧ǿЩ֧ߣħˡĪ̾һ
Ҳ֧֮ĶԹϵϵ𣬵ϵӵܸ߸ϣϵӵܣûʲôͻҲͰˣУ˶֮ͬͬһо
ΪԼѪӴħˣ֧֧ǿ߱Ȼ˳ͻֳͻʱţԽԽ
ȻħһڲϽɱ¾ģ֧֮ȴǾߣһҪСģҪǳͻĪֿڵ
ûбҪǰɣüͷ΢塣
ߣѪǸӴǲʵĪЩε֮ϣǸƣ˵֧˸࣬ʵϣʵǿ󡣡
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һʱҲ֪˵Щʲôˣ֧˶࣬ռݵԴ٣٣ʵǿռݵԴ࣬ͻŹˡ
ѵи߲Ͳܣü
и߲㣬ҲȫͳһеĽ֧еų֧ĪֿЦ
˻ҲǳĬħһ߲ȫͳһѹ֮
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ʵһ֧вûе֧ᱻ۸ĸҡĪ̾һ
ǳʱⳤӵĴڣħһ֮Уǿߣų⣬Ҳ޶ȣܽ𼶱ųȥǾħһʵˡûе֧֪
֧вħһĲж٣뾪ȵ
ڴǶǿߣһ磬ҲѣһЩʵСĴ磬ֻһ򣬾һҲϰλѣ
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ʱĳǷ֣̫Сħһ壬ܹΪ޾֮жΪǿһֻ壬Ϲ֮սʧأɵȻޱ񣬹ǳʱⳤӵĲ𣬶ǧˣ
ħһ壿и̾ħһĵ̣Ѿǳ֪


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Īֺֽͳ˵˲ٹħһ飬ҲóΪ˽޾ǿ塣
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ħӰ㾹Ȼ֪ĪһŵĿų롣
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һãȻǵһ˵ֶΡ
ħһħˣħѪƾѪǺһҲʩչͨħӰħһıͨĪֿڵ
ԣ벻һһӵǿѪܹʩչͨһ㣬֪٣Ѫ棬ӵǿ˫֮ͫƾ˫֮ͫǿԴޡ
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Щ˼飬ҲǣֱͨѪ֮һЩ޶ȻȻա֮ûգûûҲԺһһʩչͨ
ϵܣһ֪;Ͼ˶꣬ͨϢûܴĪֵ
Цŵ˵ͷֻǻԵɺͨɱħѪħһ˽ޡħʱ򣬶֪ħһĴڡ
ʱħֻһǿ幦ˣûħѪЩ顣
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ֻɱѪ̫ѪϵܵӦ߰ɡĪְ
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ѵϵ˵õħѪĪֲŵ
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ϵܵءĪֿЦһһ̸֣ħһ˽ļ١һһ㣬ϵѪȴǼߣ˵֧֮У֮УܹħߣҲǼٵģ
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ħ˵ǵ棬ħ壬ӵ޾ܡĪָ̾һЩߣ֮ΪħˣΪѪһﵽ̫ѪΣʮа˾Ŷħ෴֧Ǵﵽ̫ѪΣܹħҲʮ֮ˡ
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΢΢ͷֻʩչħƬ̣ǸоڵѪ֮ĲСȻʵû̫Ӱ죬Ҫٴʩչħȴǲˡ


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ˮĿ⿴ȥԶһĳɫǺ֮һǳˮڡ

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ոս֮УǸܵһɰľϮǿµĳ·Ҫ嶼ɢһ㡣
ϵܣɲ򵥣̺żΪµܣɵСģ𱻳ȥˡĪЦŵ
İɣɻκβҡ΢΢һЦֱӴ߶ħƣֵǿµĳλĳŹȥ
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ĪֿЦһһһӿһ̣һɫˮҲǽס

ɫںˮ֮Уǵ壬ǳǳɫˮĳ쳣ܡ
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ˮӴޱȣϱ任γһѭҪˮ֮ҵ·̸ף˵ʮ꣬ǰʱ䣬δܹлҪСɷݡóˮ¿飬ֻǿ
һλµĿ飬ֻǿȻǿǾƾ֮ķҲ·ǾͷУ


738 ؼ
Ȼ뷴Уֱҵ뿪·
һУܼ򵥣ʵϣȴôס
ȣһһ֣ͻܵɫˮľǳɫˮɲǺöԸģµֶΣ򵥣У˭ܡ
һ£֪һУпֱɫˮס㻹ѡ֣
֪ᱻɫˮ֣ǲ鷳ȻڳˮЩ̲ס֣˫ͬʱֵĲ֣ܳû˻ôɵ֪˲֣Լ鷳
һ֣޷ԴͷҲҪͬʱ֣ſܷԴͷ򵥵İ취ȴһֱû˷֡ǿǲܣǡǡ෴̫࣬ηηţҷſֽš
һſֽţͱޱȵļ
ϵܣû뵽Ȼ뵽취Īһ̾ûҵ·İ취Ȼ˼򵥡
ǳˮ΢΢ҡͷ
Ȼҵƾֵİ취ʵϣ취ǳˮµģˮƺһУֻЩûпƶѡ
ǵؼܹЩĹ֮ؼɣȴǽһؼ⣬ʩչֶθӷ˼
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ɫˮĳԽԽǿ߶ħƣǿϣǳɫˮĳһѰ龳塣
˿µĳ֮ϣĿ֪һϣһ߻ø֪ɫˮԴͷڳɫˮ֮ǰҲޱȵĳ
Ȼɲǳ뻹Ī֣ڼţòҵ뿪·Ȼ׷
ԽǿɫˮԴͷǳҲǱøӿ˵ϣ˵ħ֮壬Щֵסĸо

ͻȻܵĳɫˮһͬ뺣عͬԴɫˮĳ˲ʧӰ١
ţȻһ˿ܵı仯Ҳ΢΢һɫˮ֮£ȻܹȻСħһǿħ֮ԣһܿɹ
һĳɫˮסˣһ̣ܵĳɫˮǳ׵ʧȻѾ뿪˳ˮ硣
ϵܣοҪл㣬Ҫ㣬¶һҪ޹ˡĪָм
ǳ취ҲֻܺȱһЩ任ĳɫˮ֮УѰҳ룬֪ҪķѶʱ侫ܻԵɺϵȷ·
Ī֣Ҷ֪ˮĴڣԵ֡΢΢һЦ
Īֵͷȷ˵ɺϣȫǻԵ˻ԵɺϽУΪ˴ջˣ
֪취Ժ֧ߣҪͨˮˡĪָ̾
ǰ֪취֧Ҫͨˮ磬ֻԭʼİ취֪취ԺҪͨˮ磬Ȼࡣ
ûô򵥣취û´ֻһζѡȴҡҡͷЦ
ֻһΣĪһ㶣һ뵽ˮۣȴǵ˵ͷˮ۲Ե©취һιãڶο¾Ͳˡ
Ī뵽Щʧ䣬ϾֻһΣһ֧ͨԣûʲô̫İ
Ī֣ǿˮۣʲôɡĪЩʧ䣬벻ɲ⡣
֧ľҲܵˣȻܹĪֵ˼
ͨˮ磬ȱ˵ԵõѪεıҲаеıĪֿڵ
ˮ˲֪֧꣬ͨˮĲ٣ͨˮıȻʮֵ˽⡣

Զһɫ֣Ǻ֮УıѪԪҩؼӦоУΰɫľѪξѪ֮ɢſµܣ·һ㡣
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ԣвЩʧʵϣܵξѪûдּΪĸо޷ѪĹ֪ξѪĲΣ²ߣ
ϸһ룬ҲͲˣʵϣ̫žѪѾʮֵˣҪ֪Īֻ֮ǰĦڭǵѪûﵽ̫ѪΡ̫ѪǶһЩ
ϧ̫žѪûʲô΢΢ҡͷ
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֪̫žѪûʲôôҶȡһ̫žѪΪǳɫڵıֻҪҪģҶ潻׸㡣Īֿڵ
ԣ벻ĬȻ̫žѪòҪĪֵӣҲܿѪεľѪħһҲǼΪ󡣷ĪҲæ
֪ҲħѪֻѪβûﵽ̫Ѫһ̫žѪȻҲвСİ
Ī֣ҿ԰ȡһ̫žѪҪһѪԪƬ̺󣬳ǿڵ
лĪޱȸм
̫žѪǼΪ˵òţһòܹóһξѪɲס
֮Ըһ̫žѪһǸмĪָ֪ٹħһ飬ҲΪڻò̫žѪοһǰħʥأҲܵõٵĺô̫žѪ϶û⡣
˱ѡȡ̫žѪ뽫һ̫žѪֱӽĪ֣ĪҲǳŵ뿪ˮ׸һѪԪ
Ҫ֪ĪһвǿߴڵģѪԪ治ʲô£̫žѪΪϡ٣ѻá
ħһľѪûãѪԪֵһħһУѪεľѪϡٵģҲôħһǰˮˡ
˼룬ܿһ޴ˮĻ֮ǰˮĻ֮ϣȴǼһؼһħһؼ
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⡭
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ȻˮˮĻϵоѾ٣ֻãǶһ߶ԣ̫£ɹҲֻв˶ѡ
밵Եͷ³ˮѾ⽵ͲѶȣɲУޱȵѣϾǿǳˮ۵ĳؼһλ۵ĳֶΣô׾ѧġֻһЩƤëҪ򣬶ޱȵѡ
ʮʱ̣ܶ̿ʼˮĻϵļؿʼ


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ˮĻ֮ϣڳˮļֻȰ֣ȴһֺǺĸо·ǰһƬ޴ĳɫ
;ͬ飬ˮ
ĿɨˮĻ֮һ֣ȴסˣȰ֣ԣգ֮Ĺ򣬱ѾεļԺ֮С
ˮĻϼأ׵ĿףȻˮ۲ûʲôɬݳˮˮĻϵ֣򵥣׶
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似ǹеķʦָӣҲָ򣬿ǳˮˮĻϵ֣ͺһֱӵ֮УȻҵãã󺣣ûκεʾĶǺˮôң
ûУβУ
УԼķԼķ߳Լ·ˮؼȴûκεķһǿ߸㣬޾ղһȥҰɡôңѵ޾ն
ϵܣ֪Ϊʲôֻвһ֮߳ɹˡһԵĪֿЦ
ȻĪҲǷһ㣬ˮĻϵļأʵֻǹڳˮؼµļأûзźͷֻܿԼǼص
Ѿؼؼˡ
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Ȼܹɹֻûҵѡ뿪ڵ
˵ɹߺ٣ҲûУȻ˳ɹǾ˵ʮʱ䣬ȷпݳˮؼ
ˮǸεǿߣһûϣͨĿ顣
ĪֿЦҡҡͷʼ
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üͷ΢壬Լãˮ۲ܽһõѣֻǴؼ̺ؼ˵һߣ۷壬Ҳʮ
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˶ǳ֮Уʱٵţһתۣȥʱ䣬Σ˵ȴûκεĽ
Уָ޷ݳһݣһ·̱ݣͳú棬ܣ˵ʮ꣬ǰ꣬궼ݳ̾һεķ˼ݡ
һʼݣֻһ·ܼ򵥣ű·Ҳѣɴ·Ҫķѵʱ䣬ҲǱޱ֮£Щ·ȫݳҵȷ·ʮʱ
ԽݣԽİ취ܴﵽˮ۵Ҫ
ɳˮ۵Ŀ飿üͷ΢壬ҲǷٵ˼
һ飬ǿؼ۷ˣɹϣҲޱãǼɹߣпǻԵɺϣʱ޵֮£ֱѡȡ˼·иպôһ·ȷġ
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ڳ˼ŸôʲôطֵʱԶӰ˹
ǣˣ벻һ㶣ˣ֮ǰڳˮĦڭˣû뵽ǣˣȻҲ˳ˮ硣
ǾȻȳɹ
ע⵽Ħڭ˵ʱĦڭͬǷ˳Ī֣룬ǸӵĳԾ
Ҫ֪Ħڭڳˮ˽⣬Ī֮ϣ˵ˮĳ·ϱ任ߣҵһЩҵ·İ취ȻȻ鷳ٱȽϽԼʱˣͨˮķѵʱ䣬֧߸١
ȻĦڭ˱Īֺͳ˸ȴҪͨˮ磬ĦڭЩԾˡ
Ī˵Ҳδ̫ˣȻôͨ˳ˮ硣Ħڭüͷ΢壬ܹͨˮ磬ˣϾʷϿеһνˮ磬ͨߡ
ͨˮ磬Ҫߣ֪ı֧߸࣬ãζûͨҲкܶࡣ
ǡĪִʱҲǴӲ֮꣬ͳһûʲôջ
Ī־һ֧ߣҲгɹˮҿ㻹ɣô֧֮УҲһ˳ɹˡĦڭһЦоǲм֮ɫ
֧Ȼڶ࣬ѪϺ߻һЩ࣬ռŲٵƣǲˮߣҲռ˴󲿷ֻ֣֧һ˳ɹˡ
⻹Ϊˮһͬʣһ¶ûУһЩԵ֧߸ŬջȴǼ١
ûʲôгɹĦڭһˣĪֿĦڭ
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ĦڭɫһͨˮߣҲгɹˮߣҲֻˡ
ĦڭȻ츳Ҫ˵ʮսˮгɹȴûаգĪִ˻ǸĦڭ֧޷ɹĦڭͬ
Ħڭ磬һʶǻץʱˮɡһԵ׿Ͽڵ
ʮʱ䣬ޱȵĶݣ˷̫ʱ䣬ﻹʱ
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Ħڭһͷβû룬벻ǽĪ֣Žͨˮѡ
Ħڭ磬ؼУ׿ϺܿǽˮĻϵּ£Ǻ͵һû˿ͷ
ô֪ȻгɹǶûʲôõϢĦڭЩε
ˮߣٻһЩϢȻȽ鷳ҲͨĻȻˮĻϼصؼ֮УûʲôءˮĻǰǺͳ˸ûκε
ͷĲʱţҲǱЩ
ɶǴģ׸β򣬾ԴؼҲɣüͷ΢壬ҲǼΪķ꣬ʮʱȥ룬ȴû˿ͷ
ȵȡ
ͻȻƺץסʲôƵãһͷԺ֮ȥ
Դؼ
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ˮͬˮѾе£ΣˮĻѾʮֵϸ£׵⡣
ǰģһŰֽдΪˮؼǰߣȴܵҪνĳˮؼųˮ۵·ߡû׼õİֽȫ԰Լķʽд
ͺһӳƺʦʦʦʦʵһ˼ɲͬ˺͵طвͬĳƺȻ˼һֻҪԼڵĻϰ߳ƺɣȫûбҪձ˵ϰƺ
ˮĻϵؼҲһˮµĲؼҲؼĺ£ǰճˮ۵·ȥǾҪϵݣ·ǰԼ·ԼؼǾͼ򵥶ˡ
뵽һ⣬;ͬ飬ˮС


740 ת
Դؼ
ˮĻ֮ϹڳˮļأԴؼʱĲ˷򡣿ɼ˷Ҳޱȵѡ
ϾһؼӳԲҪ£ʱ䣬ֻʣҰˡ
ԭʹԼؼϳˮļأȻǸɣܿ죬ǳݲ֮С
ʧˡĪ΢΢˫ۣ̾һϵĲ·ԽԽ࣬òѡм·ԣַֻʽȫǿȻôá·ûһɹġ
ĦڭǵҲôáĪֵĿڲԶĦڭϣʱ˶üͷ壬ȻĲ˳
һԵĳ룬·ȫУȴĪָеЩȡ
ϵܾȻܹ״̬ҲĪи̾
ΪʱȣûκεķͷʱţҲǼΪķ꣬޷ȫĳȥǳ룬ȴܹȫݲ֮У硣
ȻûгɹˮĪҲû̫ʧϾܹɹʵ̫ˣʵϣˮеߣǳ̫žѪˮĻҲǳһˡϾǳˮ۵ĳؼ޷гɹɼʶһҲһЩġ
ʣ¼µʱ䣬ʮʱ͵ˡĪûټݲ򣬼µʱ䣬һ·ԵЩҲٲؼֱˮĻ
Ҫ֪ˮĻǳˮµֶΣȻԶԶˮؼҲ̺ŲٵܹһĪֵУҲвСİ
Դ뺣ԭ˼ϵݲ򣬳ˮĻϵҲĸڲ֪ݲ֮еݲ򣬾ԻںϣһؼԺ֮г͡

һ̣΢΢˫ۡ
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ȻֻǳһЩֲڣȴһؼǿ
ϵܣˣһ£Ǿ͵뿪ˡһԵĪּڵ
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һ֮ǰʼݲʱ򣬻ʣʱ䣬ֻʣһµʱ䣬ʱ䣬ǿԼĳˮ
ʱһؼ˵һܾˣûгˮ³ˮУڶ̶̵ʱһС
Ҳ֪ҴԼĳˮǲǳˮ۵Ŀ顣ЩһУԼĲ²⣬ˮǲģ֮Լ֪
ϵܣʧûʲôջܹˮʶһҲǲˡƺЩʧӣĪæ
˭ֻ֪ҪˮĻ֮ϵĳˮгɹܵõ޴ĺôֻҪгɹ̸ףҲô˳ɹˡ
ûʲôЩջ񣬾ǲ֪Բԡ뿪ڵ

Īһ㶣һŵĿų룬ô˵϶ţĦڭҲһ˻ӳ˵ȴʮֵţҪ֪ܹ֮ͨˮ磬Ϊ뷢ƾ֮ѵһΣҵʲôؼ
ߡһһصߣҲԲջ񣬲֪νڴʱһߴڵǲԶĦڭ
Ħڭ˲һֱûʲôͷ˲ûгȥĻȻһڳһһصߣ˵㻰ȻʮֵĲм
ûջƺ޹ذɣüͷ΢壬ɫһ
ʲôҲҺĦڭô˵׿ɫһͺȵ
˵ħһŽᣬһûе֧ҲҺԣʱĦڭŭĪҲͰˣϾĪֵѪβлвڡһ֪ð֧ߣȻҲ
СӣЩɲ˵ģҪ۵ġĦڭɫĿһ˿â
ĦڭвϵܣʹҡĪһЦ
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ĪԣɫҲǱĦڭ˽⣬ȻʱĦڭѾŭǳˮ޷֣ͶԳˡ
ϵܣ鷳ˣĦڭҪ㲻Īæ
ǾɣҵҪߣʲô˲𡣡뵭Į
˻ĪֲЦѣϵҲˣԺǺĦڭٲһˡ

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ܹʩչħ߾ôЩһ϶ʶȴδ˵һĦڭüͷһȻħһƿؾŴ򣬿ʵϣħ˵ȴ࣬Ŵ򣬸ĻߣֻħһھŴӵоԵʵεǿߣȫħһߡ
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֧֮Уħ֣߳뾡֪ͨи߲СĦڭĿǧ֮ϣкܿ˾
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ħȻǿ󡣡ٴʩչħܹĸо·ֻҪԸ⣬һȭ׵ɱصߡ
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ջ񣿡ĦڭͻȻЦȻûмˮ۳֣ɳˮ۵ĳؼˮŹһʩչܶǻˮ磬ͬ뺣һ㣬׾ɱǿС
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ĦڭԵ׿ҲЦʲôؼòǾóˮô׷ܣؼʩչ
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ĦڭЦѣЦʵһɲ֮䣬ϵЦ͵ؽס
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ôܣʩչؼȻͨ˿飿
һʱ䣬Ħڭ˶ɵˣһŵĿǲԶǧȫЦؼȻͨ˳ˮ۵Ŀ飡


741 ۵Ҹ
һԵĪִʱѾ׵ɵˣʩչؼôǿֻû뵽ȴǣ뾹Ȼɹͨ˳ˮ۵Ŀ顣
ܣǰһǸˣؼôͨˮǰĿ飿Ħڭʱ
ղŻΪЦһؼʱȻѾͨ˳ˮ۵Ŀ飬֮ǰĳЦԼϡ
жϱ׼ɵġǻޱĮ
ˮ飬ϸִгˮ۵˵Ħڭһ񾳵СǲεǿߣҲжϡ
ǰҲ˼Ħڭԣɫһ䣬æڵ
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Щ˵ռŲСƣ֧ʵ̫ˣΪʲôܹΪ޾յףΪǵڶࡣȻ츳߿һƵĻһ֮еһԪߣǼΪֲ
ڶǿϣһǿߵûˣħһڲΣȻ޴ı仯
һҪ֪ͨи߲㡣һħͨˮۿ֧ˣҲӣϾ֧ɹҲֻһ˰ˡ
ϵ˵ã֧һֵһλšĪһ֧֮Զ࣬Ϊǵռ˾޴ơ

ˮĻʱһ޴ĳɫ֮УǺһߡ
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Ǹ֪¿⣬ǻԵɺϣӵһ˿µĻԵˡֻ㣬˵֮£ԼĳˮؼߵĮ

һ֮ǰҲֻǲ²⣬ǰɹļˣпãպѡĵ·˳ˮӶ˳ˮ۵ĳˮؼ
Ȼʵϣˮ飬·ߣָһԼ·
ܹµ˵뷨ҳɹݳԼؼ츳ܺã˽ر¸㡣߻
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֪ˮͲ֪˳ˮ۶꣬ʶı֮ΪرĶȻ
뾲ĵţȻЩǣǺ˵˻Ȼûٿڵ˼ԵʲôģȻҲἰ
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ħһ岻˥ܣ˵Ϲ֮սԭ򣬵ȴҲȫΪϹ֮սʵϣϹ֮սǰħһڲϵ˥䡣
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ħһ̫Ѫ֮ұеϣߣҪ̫ѪǶУءϧʱħһǿûӡ
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Ҫܳʱⳤӣ
һǵһ˵߲Ҫع򣬳ʱⳤӡ
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뵹һȴЩϹʱڣЩħһΪʲôǰ߰мߵΪǵѪνķӼֱӡ
ϧҲѪҲѪΪħѪԭһֱ޷վ޾۷壬Ϲ֮սʧأҪͬǰв򣬿Ѿˡˮ΢΢̾Ϣ
ӳˮ۵̾Ϣ֮УҲǸܵԷΣΪϹ֮սǰʹڵۣˮȻףħһѾ޷͵ˡ
飬úףħһ岻̫ѪأеĹؼֻϧҲֻһˡˮۿЦһǵЩ֧Ǽħһ壬ҲʼħѪΪֻҪѪιǿߵøԶȴˣ޾գûѪߣİ
΢΢ͷ˵Щ֧ߣԼѪĺôһʧ׷ѪεĴǴʱˮۣڲýҲһ׷Ѫε
ҪסѪ֮㽫ĳɾͣע̫ߡˮɫ
ԣ֣صĵ˵ͷǳˮۻľ飡


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ħѪǿ񱩣СӵѪβͣһػ¶޷⾫Ѫˮüͷһһ̣һһѪûѪ֮С

һѪû룬ӿѪʱƽ࣬һΰɫѪҺٴγͣһΣѪҺûڱܵѪѪ˿뵽Ѫ֮УѪҲǲϵ׳
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˵ĲСӵ츳ǱãɱϾ𶼲ǣһ޷ʱⳤӣǿɾͰװ˷һλĻᡣԶһü
ڳ츳ǶϣȷϹ֮սһ֮Ϊҫ۵ţʵϹʱڣߣҲûвµġΪʱⳤӣվһ̤벻𣬾츳һЩɺô޾Ԫ
Сӿ̤벻𡣡ϵ
ⲻŲŵ⣬ħһͲϹ֮ʱԴޣðաü
ʱⳤӣֻܿԼħѪߣҪѣҲֻܿԼΪ׵ǣҲ޷߳ʱⳤӣ˭Ҳ޷Υ
ҵȻ֪£Ҿģǰڵġϵ
ǰ
˻һ˶һ㶣ǵȻ֪ܹϳΪǰģֻлޣǸħʱ򣬿Ǽ޵ġ
ǰʧˣôͻȻСӽ򣿡üͷ΢壬ȻҲ벻ףΪʲô޻顣
ʲôԭҲ֪ǰĹϵẦǡϳ
ԣ˲ĬǶǼǰģȻ֪޺ĹϵǿֵܣôܻẦħһ塣
ȻǰڣǾɡЩε޶ˣЩȻ÷
ԸСӲ˺ôħһ塣һӳ
ħһ߲٣һЩߣħһõô֮󣬱뿪ûнħһ嵱ԼļҡҲ߼Ϊų֧ߵԭ֮һ
Դʧ٣ħһԽԽ˥ܣȻǰôӣҵǾãħһϣͻȻ
Ҳ̫˰ɣԣüͷһ
ϳ츳ǱѪβ̤벻ҲʮþȣķһЩ̤۲ѡɱ˵ۣײΣħһԣҲֻǽѣ޷ıħһ״ǻ޺ͻħǸΣ˵ħһϣ
ǸΣЩ޾µߣδﵽһвʮߣл᣿
˵߲ţһԵλϣҲǰҡͷȻǶΪܹﵽǸΡ


745 ʯ

֮УĦһһ̣֮бǳһڵͨ
ħһΪҪĵطȻдԵܹõʲôεĻԵҪԼˡĦ޿ڵ
΢΢ͷʲôطû㹻ʵ츳ԵǰҲߡ
һԾ֮ͨС
ţͨʧҲʧſռãһ̣һƬĿռ䣬ռ䣬·ĺ
ĸоĵȻ
һֻǸոյִ͸оܵĵֿɼ·ֻҪԸ⣬ץסĸоǵ»ûĸо
Ҫ֪汦һЩڳʱ򣬶ʹûɼϵЧȻǻЧƺһƬռ䡣
ħһΪҪĵطипĵطûκεĻԵֻǴֿɼĵκһ񾳵Ϊ֮
ܹĵط߰ޱȵľ޴һʥصĺôԹġ
ռ䶼һƬ磬ͬһ㣬ԶĻ֮Уһ鲻½أ½֮ϣһªʯݡ
ħһħ֮أʯȻǻħеĵط
޺ͻħǻԴޣɻޣȴʱ̱ľ޴ħʯݣȴǺͨеĵطûʲôͬ½֮ϣǰʯݣҲǸ̾ѡ
ͬǻԴޣħƺȻ޸ϲģ
ǰʯݲһۿȥֻаɴС˹֮⣬ƺҲûʲô֮Ƿ˾סʯһ㡣
˳ʯݵڣС˹ȥ
ʯڿյģʯݵİ֮УһС͸壬ǾһּΪϤĸо
ǡԴ
һ۱ϳ͸ǵؾõԴԴȻӵ⣬ֻǿоޱȵʣ꾹Ȼ׳ĸо
ѵǱԴ֮أ
Ժ֮һͷ
ؾܹԴޣһԴޣбԴ֮أԴȴڡħǻԴޣǻħ֮أ˵ǱԴ֮أȴҲ֡
ѵħʥؾһؾħﵮģգһ۾вһ뷨

Ҫ룬ͻȻһº͵ţǰ֮УǸֳһּ
ʱ䣬Źɿɵ֮С
űһŹзţǧ֣ÿһ֣·̻ڳԺ֮С
Գļֻ˲䣬ǽǹ
һľĹһȻǹЩԤϡ
ʵϣħһľ̫⣬ֻħһ壬˵߶ˣһ߶ǼľˣҲֻĦȽٵţŻġ
ǹļأֻнԼľﵽɹ

̾һĲô˽⣬Ҳ֪ҪԲɵ顣
ǰǹļؿʼŹԲϵĴߵģߵľϵɹȴޱȵͨ͵ĸһһŹһУʵһĴڡ
˵룬ǲΪУǻеһУ·һ㡣

һػþһͷޣһͷֻΪޣһǿʳ߸ӵĲпᣬзܶ꣬ջǱɱ
ڶػþΪСĹΪѾǼ½ķѣֻһСĹڼз֮档õ޴Ե̤ԪҲٲʢȻ䡣
ء

ھػþ뻯һͷޣǿ߲׽ʮ꣬㱻ɱ
֮УһδεĻѾ治֪٣ޣҰޣޣ࣬ؤ󳼣ǿߣš
ÿһΣ·ֻأ붼·ǳ׵ĳС

Ȼ䣬͵˫ۣ֮УһĹ⻪ת
ǧˣҾػþҶоԼܹһУȻṳ̂һ̾һ
Ѿǧʱ䣬Ȼ޷ﵽĵزһжܰݣɸоǲôһ㡣
ʲôط
üͷ΢壬þİѾС޷ǹؼһ㣬ڻþ֮УҲܽľĵز
ػþܰһˣʲôط૵
һУ
оã֮ɫܸоԼƺ©ʲôȻָоȴץס

ܳγԣվһ㣬ʱȴڲϵš
ѵҾҪʧˣЦʱţȴû˿İ취
ȵȡͻȻƺץסʲô
ԭˡ
һ̣һ˿ɲ֮䣬ľ·һʵı仯еһУģĲΪһӰ죬
ԭҺԼ
һâЦ
þȻЩþޱȣһ㣬վǻþһԼʵģԼһ޷ݣ
ľվҪԼΪһֱעЩþľĸı䣬ȴˣԼģΪҪġ
治ס΢΢һЦ޷һ㣬˵꣬ڸʮʱ䣬Ҳܳɹ

ͻȻǰİٴθֳһּ
ڣִϡ
ִ
ɫ΢䣬ϣ۷߲Ż飬һϣع򣬾̤벻ˡ
ڶ飬Ȼǽִ˵һߣ۷ߣδؽִ
ȻҪִҪ֮ڡЦѡ
ȻѾִҪִϣҲô׵顣
΢΢̾Ϣ뿪ʼʥأִϣġ磬ֱӷˡ
ǿΪԽһâ
˵ɣʵʲȴޱȵѣڻ򣬵ޱȵףԭľ磬ûдﵽ۷壬Ȼء
ִеĴҲǳɾߵĴݲǧֱ꣬ӷ˽ʱմʱմû򣬸޷ϣеʱ̫̣ȻɾͲͣҪڽϻ̫ˡ
ճѡ˻ϣִһеĴһħһ̺ĴִĽϣȻǸӵɡ
ʱţһתۣǧȥѾǽϡ
û뵽ôˡҲǾȲѣǧʱ䣬ȻִԼҲЩš
ݡ
볤һΣתǿµܣ˲ɱصߣִϣ֮ĳ룬Ȼ֮ϣһںϹ֮ԶͨĹ֮ϣ
ˡ
ڴʱͻȻһ첨ţֲѪתת˲֮䣬ǻ޴Ѫ̶ӦǱѪ̶˽ȥ
࡭
Ѫ̶֮УϢҲǳ׵ʧ


746 
ħʥأϹ֮С
ѾˣСӻûʱҲδ̫һЩɣüͷ΢壬Զϵ
ʱѾȥʱ䣬˵Ӧó˲Ŷԣǵڣ붼ûг
Ȼ޷򣬿ǶڻڵΣޱģһ飬ÿһ飬Ҳʱ䣬ħһǿ߽ȥܹͨһĶ٣ķëǣڻûͨߡ
ǵĹƣܹͨһͲˣڶ鼸ûκεϣȥʱ䣬Ҳ͵ˡ
һʱ䣬ڲŹȥѣȷ޷ͨ飿ϵ
ߡüͷһħһ֮ͨߣëǣָǿɶǲεšһ񾳵ߣܹͨһ飬㲻ˡ
ȻˣǾڵһꡣ
СӣͨɣһâҲǼΪúܺ棬ϾħһߣܹͨߣҲǼٵġȻó룬Ҳóܹͨ顣
ʱţһתۣʱȥȻûг֡
ಡ
֮УӰյķǰķ

һƻһ⻪ӿȻƾǹ⻪αãûͨ֡
Ȼˡɫһޱѿ
ˣ߿Զϣɫѿ˼㣬ħһĸڣǿߵĵطڣǾȻ޷ǰͨˡ
⡭ҲüûзǶ֪еԭ
ֻҪУ޷֪Ȼ֪Ϊʲôȥ꣬뻹ûΨһԿ϶ǣšϳ
ʲôãѵһֱħһߣһֱȥ
˻һһԵҲǳĬҪԣЩϱ˭ȻҲףǻ޷ڿħһǺεȾ޴ʧڱս˥ܵħһԣѩϼ˪
ʲôð취µģǣǿпϵ
ɶ񡭡
ɫ֪࣬Բóǻ򣬿ħһ
ԣҲ޷ǿпΨһİ취ǵȳ
ϿһĻҲ΢΢̾һ֪ǰڣҲԥϾǶԣʵ̫ҪֻϧʱѾˣΨһľǵȣϣ򲻻Զ޷

ɽ
Ǿ֮мΪΣյһյأ֮ǲΣգΧĵطҲֻ񾳵ߣǿбϣ
ಡ
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ѾȥˣС뻹ûϢϧƷг
ⳤǵڤµĵԭϧǴȳʱһȡߵڲع򣬶񾳵ߣͻƲвСİ
ֻһȣ꣬ʱ䣬ϧ½ʱ򣬵ʮ꣬ĸ̤񾳣ѾصΪȫʵȡߵʵڵȲŶǰȡߵ
ȻûгϢԳϧµΪȴܹ֪벢ûг£ͳѰħʥˡ
С룬ôȥΪʲôȴûйȻܹԼĸ֪ûг£ɳϧȴף뼫пʲô鷳Ȼôʱ䣬ûй
ֻȥħʥص·ߣΨħһ߲֪߸֪
ҲعʵһЩ֮󣬾ȥѯʳһ֪ħʥصĴλáϧһâһǴԭʧ

Ϲ֮УȻĿϢüͷȴ΢壬һֲŭĸо
ˣ뾹Ȼڻ򣿡
΢΢̾ϢʱѾȥʱ䣬ȻʱȥȴȻڻ֮Уûг
ߣ޷ǿпģ벻ħһߣҲ޷ȥ˭Ҳ֪ŭڷʲô顣
ΪͽĳϣʱϣҲǳżѹһڵĳϵĻʲôӰħһ壬һҲĳʲô鷳ϾڻʱģҲֻѡõߣȻϣʲô⡣
֮У׷ʲôˣȻû˿Ϣ΢΢̾Ϣ
ڴʱϵĴͻȻһϢȴĦ޴ġ

򵥵ĸ֣ȴλ׼ǿߣֱӾվ

һ̣ϵѾǴӹϹʧ
ţϵγ֮УԶħһҲ˹
ˣ
һۣÿ˵ɫޱȵأ󣬻¿ֻ˵Ѿûߣûг
ǻʲô飬Сǰеĺ󱲣Ҳúúýѵһ١
ȵĦ޲̽˵ɡЩεһֻܽһˣ֮ǰϾĦ˴ÿǧ꣬ƳԿʼһĦޱ̽̽
ʱǣҲֻĦ޲̽ڵϢڸ֪ǡ
ϣûг°ɡ
϶̾һ

һ̣һӰƾճ֮УĦޡ
ĦޣΣ߼Ħޣæ
ضϣһ糣Ħæ
ˣԽȥ̽һ¡һֱӿͨ
Ȼ漰򣬲Բ̽߸ģϾĦûнֻǿħһļذˣȻȫȷڲΡ
أϿĦޡ
Ħ޵ĻȴޱȵţȻĦûн򣬿ô飬ûаٷְٰգ˵һ
벻ˡĦ޿Ц
ˣ
˻һڳļ˶һ㶡
ħʥأκһߣǶ׸֪ΨһĵطɳĦ˴ǳ֣϶ᱻ֡ȻûгħʥأΪһλ飬Ƕų뻹ڹ֮УȻĦȴǸǣ벻ˣ
ʧˣ
һʱ䣬˵ɫǱѿ
ϴ֮УһӰǴģӰܣһصת·γһƬʱգŤáȻӰû˿Ϣȴɢһɿֲܣ֮£Ѱ۷ߣ¶סһ

ͻȻӰܵʱմһ첨ɲϱǿӰϵϢҲڷٵ
ء
ء
ء
һֱ۷Ρ
СһҪ𣿡һӰֱӴ߳ĿŵӰϣ϶һ˿Ц⡣
ϻƣ㽫ϣ£ҲֻСѡеˣӰ


747 Դ
һΣһܳΣУһߣи޾գʶǿߣ顣
һΣޱȵľԶ·һУ뵽֮С
Уɹ꣬ҲѾվ۷塣

ͻȻվҵĲһѣʶҲǴй
ˡ
΢΢˫ۣ۵ǲĵ
ﲻǻ򣿡һ㶣ﲢûл׾ܴĸоȻѾڻ֮С
ˣڴʱһº͵ڳ
ŤͷһȴǼһڲԶԼжʱһڣûзֶԷĴڡ
˽ľ룬޷֪ĶԷĴڣԷΪǺεȵĿ£
ҵΪ
ͻȻо仯Ҳһ㶣ΪȻѾֱӴﵽ۷壡
۷壬ڴ֮ҲǶεǿˣȻһ߳أ̤뵽۷壿
Ҽǵڻ򣬱ѪɣȻ󡭡Ż֮ǰ飬üͷ塣
ǰһ˶ã뿴ӣڵ
֪ΪʲôӵϣܵһиУľ׽ָо·һ㡣
Ӧùȥ˰ɡӵ
ꣿ
һȻرҲ֪Щˡ
ǰǡ벻ɿڵﲢǻ򣬶ʶԷڶԷϣҲûиܵħһѪϢԣѾħʥ֮С
Դӵ
Դ
һûԴ
ҽӻģѾܵı仯ѪΣѾħѪܽӽʼѪˡӿڵ
΢΢ͷı仯ܹܵģѪѾħѪû´ǻֵѪѪٴηɱ䡣
֪һܺ棬ģҶûж⣬ϸ˵ӦҵĺˡЦŵ
ˣ
һһ̣ƺ뵽ʲôһŵĿӣħǰ
Ҿħ΢΢ͷ
ħһǻħĺˣǰӾȻǻħ
ͻȻԼԴЩˣħһħʧٵ飬ʲôܣֻ֪û뵽ǣȻ˴˵еĻħ
Ƭ֮󣬳侲ӵħǰô
Ҫ֪ԭڻ򣬿ת֮䣬ȴԴħһħһУЩš
ΪԴѡеߣҶû뵽ҵˡħĿڳϣ̾
Դ𣿡
գһ۾Ŀħ
֪ߵľ磿ħڵ
΢΢ͷڵۣס
ħͷۣףؼǿĴڡ
˻
뵹һȻǳԽ׵Ĵڣؼǿߣ
ħǰʵ벻ɺ
벽ǻԴӵʵȴûľ硣ħ
벽
Ȼľѣ˵ħֻǰ벽𣬿Ҳ֮£ǿĴˡħˣǻֻҲˣ벽ܹ벽ģֻˡѹĦ޶Դ˻Īǿ漰ؼǿĴڡ
ⶴԴµģѾˡħ̾һ
ˣ
ɴ˫ۣһţؼǿĴڣȻˣ
ؼǿĴ˭ɱô䣿벻ŵ
ȷûɱ𣬾汾ԴҲȴҲǲģΪԴһɱġħЦ
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һλɱˣ
ֻԼԴըˣôɱǿվ۷ĴڣǾ޵еģһλ޵еɱˣ
Դǰ˴֮ϵһλҲǻõһλ𡣡ħڵ
λ
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ԴԴ޿ųΪģҲǺԴ޹ϵõһλ𣬻Ϊ̫õԵʣ̤㣬ҪԽ𡣡ħ
Խ
뵹һԴ̤εǿߣ̤ΣҲûͣеĲҪԽ
ԴʼϵоѰҳԽķоҵ··пܳԽ𡣲ÿһ·쳣Σգ𣬶𡣡ħ
˵ѾЩˣԴ֮䣬¾ΪַʽûгɹԼˡ
ϧԴƺôãֻǳԵһ·ֱʧܣˡħЦ
Դ֮ǰ¾ŵԴ֮ŵԴֱԴ˿ٵľŸС֮УһС磬ڵС硣ħڵ
ϳ½ȻԴ𿪱ٵģ
ľѣȻ֪ϳ½Ǿǿ߿٣ҲǴ۲ΰˣȴû뵽ϳ½Ȼ𿪱ٵС硣
Сߣӳע汾ԴӰΪԽߣԴӰԵԽԡħڵ
һϳ½ߣΪԽߣƺ·ϣҲԽף汾ԴӰ
ԴεǿߣֻڵһλΪ䣬汾ԴҪʱָܻʱͻȻɱǵ棬Ϲ֮սҲһսǲ֪֮ϣĻһΪǿĴڡħ
Ϲ֮սȻôģ
ЩţԴ䣬Ϲ֮սܱԴ˵߿¶֪֮ϻһΪǿĴڡ
ǸΪǿĴڣѵЩе벻ɿڵ
ħҡҡͷǿеεǿ߰ˣλΪǿĴڣλʦ𣬳ԽĴڣǵ棬ɱ档
ΪΣһ㶣ɺ
λڶ֣׾ܸϹ֮սˡ
Ϊ棬ᱻ汾ԴѹƣʵֻܷӳΣͬΣգԼѾ޵УǵԣҲûκεôðսǵ棿ħ
һ˵ͷλ޵ˣûбҪðգϾǵ浮ԽĴڣҲκȻͿ棬ȻλڿϣĵλȴǺ⣬ϾܹͳһƬ棬ΪʦһĴڣǲ޵С
Ȼλڲɱֻǳְĵӣǳ˲СĿͷħЦ
밵ԵͷλڣϾǳԽĴڣڱλɵǵ档
վǵ棬ǵõ汾Դİս˳ȥħ˸̾
Ϲ֮սʣλҲʼоԴ¾·Ϲ֮ս飬ǲðգתߣֻϧҲûгɹԴѡеߣԴħ룬˵


748 ֮
΢΢ͷܹ׼λ𲻸ðյԭ򣬱ϾϹ֮սΪԴֵġ䣬ЩҲ롣
һٴαϹ֮սǵȹģĴսովսԣʵ̫Σˣ˵ͻᱻλܡ
Դ֮ǰ¾ŵԴҲ޷ѰңһѾҶû뵽һԴȻ˻򡣡ħ̾
ԴǺѣɼԴʱ򣬶ûнŵԴںδ֪
һԴ
գһ۾ѹ־ȥΪȻֱ۷壬ѪҲо޴ħѪʼѪ֮ˣҪ֪εѪħһ֮УǼΪϡٵġ
һ뵽һԴµģҲͲˣؼΪĴڣµֶΣͬ𣬶޷Ѱҵ
ԴԴ¸ԴߵģҽȥϣԴԸħڵ
Դϧգݳ·ϣȻԴӵϹ֮սıҲΪϹ֮ս޾յףǲôȫʱ̾壡
ħŶȥ
ǰħһ嶼Ϊʧˣôᡭ벻
Դ䣬ҴӦѡе߳ɳЩһֱԴħڵ
Բһ㶣ȴû뵽ħ֮ڶȻΪһŵҪ֪ħʧ꣬һֱⶴ֮УǺεȵ
ԴµĻԵԼʲô⣬ҡħڳ𣬽ţαʧ
ĿԶľ޴ʯ֮ϣʯ֮ϣּ
ᣬԴи֮ϻиߵĴڣݲ򣬵ֵ·ÿһֵ·ܳɹҲʧܡ꣬ʧܣϣ̳֮ߣܹĵ·ȥ
ʯϣԴʯڵȻԴʯڵʱѾҪ䣬ʯڱ֮ǰ¡
֮£񾳵ߣɢȻ䣬ֲܼ꣬ڲˣɢǧ궼ǲѡԴΪȴǼΪ׵ľˡ
ʯϵļأ뿪ʼĶԴķ꣬ݳľ·ÿһгɹĿܡҲΪԴŻὫ֮·¡֮·žŸÿһ򣬶󣬼Գ۷ľۿеһ
ʯϵļ֮Уһ»ת
˫ۣʮ֮·һֱʮֵСģμ˵磬еĸһֱ̫׷Ĵ
£һУڵĸ
ԻΪߵڣι̵Ļʯ
˿̣ʯ֮ǰһƬֻ˲䣬ֱʱմΪĹ֮֮
ҵĸҵľ硣
һԴʵı仯ʱԴµļ֮У˸ΪأĸײⲻϵĽ㣬֡
ʱһĹȥ˳Σ֣ϲݣ½ڻ㣬ڽ֪Ҳ̤뵽һȫµĵز
ʱţһתۣѾȥꡣ
Ժ֮Уͷ⽻㣬ջһ⻪Ժ֮ը

ϸͻȻһ̣һϵɲ֮䣬ѾǳɳΪ޽ǽ֮ϣɢޱȿµƣƣֻҪһӴ¶ɱεǿߡ
һ̣ϸѾ׵ʧֻʣһ޴ʮǧɣ£֮£һبζ
磬ǸʱȻ۷ΪţŲ𣬶նɱ
ܣľ׾ܵʩչ
ǼµĹ֮һǰǣĽ
ʯ֮ǰˣһ£ɢĽ⣬ƺˣһһĽ
ǽȴ·һޣʱա
ǽ֮£ûʲôܹ롣
ǡڵħͲʯڴһ̸ȴǸܵǹب㽣
㼶ĽħЩȷ
Ҫ֪ħǰ벽Ĵڣʱϵı仯ȻЩȷȻڳϷ飬Щš
ħɴ˫ۣߣǻ֮еĻԴޣֻǵʱѾ۲εΪ֮󣬱ֱӿ׼𡣲ԴȻǿޱȣȴע޷̤𣬾ӵսɾȴֻ׼޲ζѡʵʵҲǰ벽ˡ
³㼶Ľħԣһָɱ룬ħȵȴǣֱӾ㼶Ľûоع

΢΢˫ۣ֮УһâĽ⣬ƺܹһС
Сӣ㽣ħæڵ
㽣һ㶣ЩãȻĿħֻǸоԼľ˾޴ƺһʵı仯㽣ʲôģȫ֪
ãȻĿ⣬ħҲһ㶣ȻҲǿ֪ʲô֮񵱳ЩԴ޸յʱ򣬸ûʲô绮֣ߵĳ֣˾Ļ֡Ҫ֪ϵʱûʲô飬񣬲𻮷ֻ֣߲ϳɳ֮·ԽԽƣŻ
ع򣬱ǲ𣬿һۣ֮ںһ˿籾Դ֮Ų֮ΪסѾٵĵУ˵ģǻģ߲Ļ֮һġħɽ͵
ۣ֮סˣħ˼Ѿﵽ֮ĲΣ
ϸ۲죬յǽϸӦɱΪΣǻһƬع򣬱ǲ𣬻ܻγ֮ۡħæ
ԣ̳񣬶ʱǸܵϸһ֮УعյعѾֱܻ㽣
ǰӦú֮Ц
˲𣬲ԴѡеĴˣ㾹Ȼֱ֮ħһ̾ȻֱӿԽ֮ҲǾȲѡ
ǰʲôðɣЩĵôӴٵĲ𣬶ھ֪һЩֱӿԽΣ᲻УʲôõӰ졣
ȻûСûԴµһԴֱܻ֮ǲ֪ǸǻԴµһԴħһǿѪֻҪ㹻ΪֱӾܿۡħЦŵ
˻ҲһΪͻȻԽӰ쵽Уǿɾ͵òʧˣڿֱ֮ԣȻһ¡
ֱ֮Դޣ֮УǶһݡħЦɲֻԴѡеߣͬħĺˣɳԽ죬ħȻҲԽˡ


749 ȥ
Ȼٳһ֪ɳȻоʯϵļ纣һɼԴľε֮ߡ
Ȼ֮֮ǰܹܵʯϼصĶ֮ǰʯϼصĶԣܹ׶޼
Դݳľ·𣬿Ҳһʱ򡣡̾
ԴΪϵ˵ǸΣ˴ʵ󣬿ΪõԴսӹɣǰ˴֮Уǿġ
˵Ǹεǿߣǲֻǲڵߣǻ꣬һĲ𶼲Ը
ԽñֶԽǿӵеıԽ࣬Ҫ֪ʵɱɲֻǿΪ;ģЩ߽һ棬ᱻѹƣλԽĴڣֻܷӳս˵λֻ֣ĵλµ֣߳һ֮УӦ׾ܻʤǡϹ֮սȴޱȵĲǸεߣ˲֪١
ΪαѹƵ屬ǿʵ
ʵ֮⣬һҪԭǱλԽĴȻԳ֣ƵһЩ˿εߡǿЩǲŲ汾Դѹơǿɱ˵ĸأҪ֪ʲôεսֱɱ˸أǼΪΣյռݾ޴Ƶ֮¡
ǰҸγʱⳤأ벻ڵ
ʱⳤӣңӵ޾Ԫ֮£Ȼﵽ۲ΣΪȴȻֻ۷ˡ
ÿһ飬ʱⳤӵһԱʵԽǿԽߣʱⳤҪҲԽһ۷ߣֻҪعֱӾܽİʱⳤӡȴ㽣ҪȻѣɱֱӻ۵۲εʵֱ֮ӿʱⳤӡħڵ
΢΢ͷħĻҲ׹Ҫѣ߲ͨͬ۷۵۵ʵһ߶ԣǲܵ飬֮ڵħѪǽӽʼѪҪ֪ħѪħһ߿ħ֮壬ֱӿ벻
ĳ벻Ǿ磬֮ϣԶͨ۷߿ɱȣȫʱħ֮㽣ֱӿ۲Ρ
ȻҪһʱ䣬һ߶һ޴⣬ǳжʮˣʱȸıʱٵıڱͨӵжʮʱ䣬۸£ֻʱѡ
Ȼûӵ۵ΪԳڵʵһĲɱǾĲࡣĳϧ£ֻǻԪΪϵĳɾͣ׾ɱصߡ
ǰʦǲϹ֮սˣֻǲл״̬а취Ȼ뿴ħ
ȻľѾ۲Σٵȴ㽣óɱ漰ε飬ȴܰ
лꣿħһ㶣һó׳֣Ӧû⡣
˻֪۲εߣܾȻѹֵȥ˶û˿İ취Ҫ׳֣һóףǸεǿߣô׼ġǾĴۣ¶ѼײεǿߣԷˡ
Ȼεǿ֣߳˵л꣬ȥĲ𣬶׸汾Դ´󹦣츳׿ߣ𶼲ָܳϹ֮սǿߣ޷Ϊħ
Ҫ汾Դ
ɫ΢䣬Ҫ֪Ϲ֮սΪԴ䣬汾Դ𣬲лɳˣ֪汾ԴĵĿܴΣգȻðա
ֻǲл״̬Ҫ֣ҪȻǲܵ顣
Ҫʦ𣬿Ħ֮֡УȽóģ֣Ӧû⡣ħڵ
Ħһ㶣ãȻĿħ
ĦǳƺϡħЩεҲ֪֮ǰֻصΪΪ޷ӴǸεǿߣӱ˵֪ǵˡ
һû뵽Ħϣǵħʥؼλħһǿߡ
ֱĦּɣھ磬ЩСһӦöΪ㣬Ը֣˵ֵġħ
лǰм
ȻѾһ̤֮۶£ɵ̤ۣﵽײΣȥǿ֣߳ĲлɢˣʱɾͲ׳־ˡҪ֣ܸ
ʱ֮Уħͳ뽲˲еľ飬ħ޾һ飬۽Ҫ㣬Ͼǵ֮󣬲ġϵʱԴޣ޾ǿĴڡ
һתۣȥҲ׼뿪Դ
Դµĸǹݳľ·ļغзԼԼĵøЩѾμ£ڲȴһޱḶ́ܲܳɹԴ𶼲ȷ
룬úУ̤ײΣЩǲ׷ģ㲻̤ΣҲҪӵа벽ʵһսҲ䡣ħĿڳϣ˵
΢΢ͷЩǿʮֵһսҲǰ벽Ǹβбϣܣ𶼵䡣

ħһֱӿմ͡
һ̣ΣǴԴʧ
ԴԴµģһֱ޾֮У޷ҵȷλãԴԴµֶΣֻҪﵽԴµںδܽԴ뿪Դħƿأ벽ʵѾ֮ǿʵκβǡ
ˡ
֮УһӰֱӴʱ֮˳߳ʱУʱҲ˲ʧ
һ֣ǸܵǿϢٵĳԼЩϢǴﵽײΣħֱӽͻصħʥ֮С
νħʥ޷ռ䣬Ƕһ߶ԣħλħʥصǿ߶ԣħʥؾԼļңʲôԡ
ಡಡ
һ̣Ӱڳǰ
룿ϵĿڳϣ΢΢һ㶣ղоһǿϢͻȻ֣λħʥص̸û뵽ľȻǳ롣
ǳ룿Ŀڳϣüͷ΢塣
ʵȻܹܵһ۵ϢΪȴֻ۷ˡ
룬λϡ빧ħһ壬ҲʮֵĸмҪǰħʥأδܹԴӱ˵ֱӿһ֮
Сӣ˵ڻô£ɫһ
ڻͻȻѪɣԣ󱻴͵ħǰס뿪ڵ
ħ
˻һڳ˶һ㶣ħǵ棬ǶΪħʧˣû뵽뾹Ȼ͵ס
ʲôܹ֤ɫһü
ϣĦóꡣĦУóϡ뻺
ˣ㲻˵ˣ㡣ԣĦæ
λħһĳϣħģһЩ˵ĴڣҪãϣû뿪ħʥأܹ֪һеģ˻ħ֮⣬ˡ


750 ܾ

޾֮УһǿҵĿռ䲨ţӰƾճ֮С
뿪ʱǧʱ䣬û뵽ֻһʱѡϤգӲп
Ȼ뿪ʱΪֻ񾳣޷ֳҵĿռ䴩ֻܿԼǰʥءʱѾ㽣Ҷ״·񾳣Ҵ㣬Ҳһʱ䡣ԣһЦŵ
΢΢ͷʵͬռľҲǴĲͬ񾳵ߣ޷ֱӴһ򣬿ײεǿߣ׾ܴһ֮Σ֮أҪ·߷ֱͨӴռɡ
һԸˡм
ˣߣҲħһˣοʦҲΪϹ֮սˣܹģȻܾĦЦŵ
һθΪ˾Ħħһ֮У귽漫ΪóףջħĻĦ֣βл꣬ûκε⡣
ǳ磿Ħһ˲ǽ뵽֮С
λ𣬵Ҳ̫Ħ
һĴ磬һλ򣬾㲻ˣλĴ磬ڴ֮УҲǱȽǿˡȻȫûħһȣҪ֪ħһ壬ǲǧˣײεǿߣоˡ
ڳĴ֮£˺ܿ˳ó֪ͨλ𣬱ϾһĦ־Ƕԣһ顣
룿˼֮Ҳ΢΢һ㶣ǵʵ׾ֻܿ۷ΪڳϣȴһǶĸоָо;Ĵ۶ʮֵơ
λǡĿڳԵϣ˵ֻе㿴͸ǰվǶ޷ָ֪оǾĴ۶δ˵ĸо
ΪħһϣǰΪ˾ʦæ
ϣ
˻һ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊħһǿ߲սħһĳϣȻţǿײεǿߡ
ǰ
ޱȹͬʱҲǼˣǾȻĻʹˡ
Ҽ˼֮Ħ΢΢ͷ
ǡ
¹ؾĴ£ҲǲҵæĦ쵽ڵĴ֮УΪĦҪϸ۲죬˶ﲻʲôæ˳ȥ
⣬һų롣
룬û뵽㾹Ȼ붯סһ̾
ʵڵ֪۾Ļֻ֮ҲоĴѰҹײεǿߣֻײεǿߣô׼ģǾĴۣҲֻǽϢݳȥڶûлš
ЩһѰҰȹ̲лıһߴ̽óֻۣϧôҲûҵİ취ۼĲл״̬ԽԽȣҲޱȵżֻżҲû˿İ취
Ҳɺϣýʥؼϣ˵ʦ飬žֵġ뿪ڵ
ɲʲôɺϣڵ״̬Ҷ͸Щ꣬Ϊ;磬˲Сп
ò˵ӣⱲֵýľǵճΪӣҲǰ
룬ڵľ磬׵ʲôΣɿڵ

ҪڣԶһ󲨶һӰڲԶİ֮Уǵһʦ𣬵֪ǰҲ̸˹ЩҲǲϴŸԼĺѣѰҾİ취ֻǾһεĲл꣬ʵ̫ˣӴǸߣ޷
ڣȴǴħһĳǰȻǵһʱ˹
ţָоոյ𣬱Ǹо˳ϵı仯ľǱȳ˲֪٣ֻһۣǿ벢Ѱ۷壬ָо;Ĵ۶Ϊơ
֮һâ㿪֮
֮
ôǲεǿߣ֮ҲǼΪ˽⣬һ֮ǿɾۣҲֻоĴ˶ѡڣȴǸǣ뿪һ֮
ʦ㲻ǿ˰ɣΪֻ۷ѡæ
һûȻû£û˵ҿԿ϶Ѿһ֮Ŀڳϣ˵
ʦӵȷһ֮뵹ûзϣֱӵ˵ͷ
˻
˻һڵˣǵһ
һ֪ǿɾˣ˵ڵΪֻ۷壬ľ磬ȴ۲Ρ
ʦ𣬳ڿ߲֮ʲôõӰɣæ
Ҫ֪Уѭ򽥽ģֱӿԽ߶ԣδʲôô
ͨߣȻ֪ʲôûôħһߣħһĵ̣Ⲣʲô¡Цŵ
һȴò𿴵ʵ̫͸ˣҪ֪ĻħǸ߹һߣֱӿԽ𣬿һ֮ʲô¡ҲΪħһߣѪμߣԴµһԴԽ磬ֱӿһ֮ȴһ¡
룬ڵʵɿڵ
ڵʵӦýڲ۷֮䡣뿪ڵ
ԪΪվ̫ˣֻǿ۵ľ磬ҲǷӳ۷ҵʵϵǿԽԽʵҲ᲻ϵǿմﵽ۲Σֱӳʱⳤӡ
жʮ꣬ʵȻ֪Ժ󻹻᲻гԽߣ˽ģǵһˡп
һλ̤벻꣬Ӳ̤ۣһ֮ޱȵܶߣΪ츳ӵ޾Ԫ̤۲Ρ
룬ֻжʮʱ䣬ӵ˲۷εʵϹ֮սǰͻƲĴڣôȥˣΪȻֻǲڶѡڶûдﵽҪ֪ΪĵӣϹ֮սºպսоĴĿɽ˵õԴھǱȽ϶ġɼôȥʵҲǼС

ڴʱ̽ĦѾ
ϣʦôæڵһԵĳˣҲǿĦ
ҵʵǿָҪһЩʱˡĦЦŵ
˻ҲһĦûа취ǿɾֻײβˡֻǸεǿߣɲô׼ģӱ˵Ǿˡ
лǰǰʲôҪܷԸæ
Ѱʮ꣬ʱܹȻˣˣޱȵļҲǶһ˿м֮ɫ


751 ʮ
Ħ֣ȻѾѣҪһЩʱ䣬ҲûıҪϾ£ﲻʲôæ뿪Ԫʮ꣬ҲǴȥ뿪˳硣
ʥء
ΰ֮УĴ΢΢˫ۣŴеϢҲǾ㵲ѣѾһ֮
뿪һ֮ɲʲôС£οĵӣħˣħһĳϵȻǽ»㱨˾Ĵۡ
ѹܹ붯ħһĳϣǿײεǿߣٽһ޵еˡĴ΢΢̾˵붯ĦܶԳԲ̫ѣչ¶츳ħĸ߲㶼ޱӣ֮£ϼǿ֣߳Ҳʲô顣
¿ƲѣɾĴȴޱȵҪ۷忪һǺεȵѣû˵ףʵȴΪչ¶׶ȵ츳һˣħһȻҪȫϳԭߣɵѪ㲻ħһˡһ˥ܵļ壬ϵͻȻһλΪ߲ôȻȫ£
࣬ΪʦĴ۴
Ƭ̺һ֮С
ʦ𡣡𹧾
㱸һݺҪǰΪıǰԪ磬ݻ³ѡĴۿڵ
ѣһ㶡
Ĵۿ۲εǿߣܹΪѵģһ㶼۲εǿߣЩĲ޲εǿߣЩǿ߶ӵп۵սȴδ˵Ԫǿߣӡ֮УԪƺֻһλʥԪȴһ𲻾õţƺûСʦȻϺݻ᣿
ʦǰü
ѣȻֻ۷壬Ѿһ֮ħ˵ݣ̤۶Ҳĵӣǹϵ׺ȻҪ׽һЩĴ۵
۷忪һ֮
ľѣʲôԣȻֱӿعһֱӿ֮꣬û֮ӱ˵ǿˡ
ҪǣвŶʮңӦ֪ţ۷壬۲вѣıΪıѰȴǼ󡣡Ĵۻ
΢΢ͷ䱦Ĵ۾ǰԼȫͳȥ¶ħһͷɾĴۻ꣬ıΪＸࡣľţֱսķʽһ
Ҳн䱦ĴͳȥԳԣֻҲûʲôôһЩΪıܹѣΪʱݣⷽĻ۷ࡣɾĴòȱЩͺʵԶ䱦
ʦ𣬼Ȼǰ˵ãΪʦԡ𿪿ڵ
Ͼڻֻ۷壬㿪ٳһ֮սֻҲǾĴ۵Ķ֣ǾĴԳ棬ЧȻá
ΪʦҪȥݻһλǰ½㣬ҲġĴ۵
ǡ
΢΢ͷܹþĴǰߣҲ۷壬ײεǿߣȻҪĴԳ档


յʱ䣬ǻصԪ磬֮ռٶȣ˿ڲεǿߣȻ׾ʹӳϵԪ硣
ͨݡ
ڻˡϤͨݣһ˿֮ɫ
뿪Ԫʮ꣬ǻع飬Ȼʮ񾳵߶ԣʮֵĶݣǶڳԣʮ꣬µһˣޱȵ
ףϧ½ΪԳľ磬˲ǽͨݵһж̷֪֣ϧµΪȻѾǴﵽصӡ
ԭΪٶȣѾܿˣǺͳϧȣǲ˲٣Ҫ֪ԴһԴŴֱӿԽ۷εġϧ½ֻԼУҲǼסʱаˣҪ֪ʱ޷ģֻܰΪ
ߣ³ڵΪϧ¡
Ҳ֪ϧ֮֮죬Ϊǰľ飬˵ڲ֮£ڳϧ¶ԣûƿģרеչЧѡʱΪν绢ٶȻ졣
û뵽ʮ꣬ϳ½Ѿλ񾳵ߡипѣϳ½ʱΪعѹƣϳ½ߵ⡣
ǵ֪ϳ½Դ𿪱ٳС磬ٽϳ½ߵ΢룬Ƿ֣ϳ½߽Ԫ֮ȫǺ츳ȷǱȲ߶Ҫǿ
Դ֮ǰپŴС磬ϣÿһСߣޱȵ⣬ǵ츳һ֮ϡо̾ԴµֶΣÿ֮̾ѡ

һǳѲʹ
ͬʱڱչزĳϧҲƺӦ΢΢˫ۡ
С룿㣬ˣϧ¿ŲԶĳ룬һ
ǵģһˡ΢΢һЦʮ꣬ˡ
˽ӵһ𣬳ϧ֮жһ˿֪ʮˣҪٲҶҪȥˡ
ҲãΪһЩ飬ˡǸ뿪ʱ˵ͻû뵽һȥʮꡣ
ţϧ±ǽʮڷ˵ʮ֮УϳڷչΪѸ٣ѾԼ龳ߣԼҲǰɽõڤµĵ
ޱȵѣҶûܳ׵ϧ̾û飬Ҫ顣
ΪѾ۷壬ǵеع˵عˡϧ½룬ΪѾ۷壬ֻҪع򣬾ֱ̤벻
ˣع򣬶ҶԣѾûʲôôΪѾһ֮ҡͷ
һ֮
ϧԣҲľѣһǿʥأڿ۵ĴڣһЩأҲֻ֪δӴۣڼʱȻоϢ⣬Ҳû뵽뾹Ȼһ֮
ģϧЩţһ֮뾹Ȼ۷ˣ
Ȼţ콣Ѿɱ˵΢΢һЦ콣ϧ¡
ֻ΢һ̽ϧ±Ǹܵ콣ڵعڻصħʥصʱħһóϣ콣ɱĵҪ֪ħһĲ𣬺ܶ඼ӵеĴڣ뿪֮ԭǴֱӴһģֻǳȴҪһЩϰ콣ɱ䡣
ȻѪԪĲʮ󣬿Ƕħһԣʲô⣬Ͼ콣ѾαΣҲᳬһļֵħһ嶼⣬οһЩϣֱ콣ɱĵ
ʱϧҲȫţ뿪һ֮ԭΪԼٶѾܿˣû뵽ȴǱԶԶ˦ϧȴʮֵĸˣħһҲ˽⣬Ȼ֪ħһ볬ʱⳤӲʲô£һѣ۲εǿߣ


752 콵
ͳϧʮûʱȻĻҪ˵һģһʱ䡣
ֱڶ죬Ѳʹߣ֪ѾѲʹ˳ͳϧ֮⣬񾳵ߣȻܲϵ
޾ջǹҵΪ۷壬ҲúúĴ߲Сϧ¸̾
Ȼ۷ʱҲ޾ðգѰͻƲĻԵʱ߹ĵطûг߹Ķࡣʱ޾յ֣Ҳʮֵ
ˣǳ׵ĵƣʱǰƺ뵽ʲôڼõǿȡ˳
λϹżǿߣۣףǳףҲǴĦе֪ǳײεǿߡΪǳֻ۲ζѡ
׵ĵƣϧһ㶣׽ۣ¶ǰڲǾ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ƣԼøӺʰɣϧ¿ڵ
ƶѾˣһ֮Ҫں汾Դ̤ײΣǳ׽漰ǸΣ漰Ҳֻǽһˡ΢΢ҡͷ
ǳ׽ҪԲ۷εߣ漰ں汾ԴǸΣÿ˵·ͬں汾ԴķʽҲͬҳڵľѾ㹻ˣĿǰҪǽ۵۲Σʱⳤӡ
ϧ΢΢ͷûдﵽ磬ȻҲףǳ׵ƶԳûдãȻףȴ֪Ȼ˵ˣȻд
ǳϹʱھѾ̤ײεǿߣһʵǿĦǳףҲǼΪƳ磬ĻᣬȻǸѵá
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ͻȻ֮ϴһ󲨶ţ֮дһ֣ޱȶ·֮С
ִ͸һУֱӴԪ磬˲䣬еߣ֮д֣һߣסˡ
֮д֣
飬ֱδţδָǴԪ磬ĺεȵֶΣ
Ԫߣǲ
֮Уһϵʯߣһ޴ĽЩޱȣÿһɢ޾ܡ
Ħ̣Ϊǿ֮һԪ磬ҲǼΪǿǵΪľǿ󣬱һ߻ĸã˭Ҳ֪Ħжǿš
ϵĶڣһ΢΢˫ۣĿ⿴֮С
ȻмأΪԪ缫ΪϵĦȴйļأھľţҲŹھļء
̤벻𣬾Ĵ۱ʹǰأǴžĴ۵ʹߵ
ԪвһâԪ磬ֻʥʥǲѣϹ֮սôṳ̂벻𣬶ڣĴ۵ʹߵȻ̤˲Ρ
ǿǳʱⳤӵĴڣӵԪ˵Ħ֮ǿľҲֲµʴĦ̵ߣֻǱ߸ӳٰˣȻûܹʱⳤӡ
٣Ԫд֪Ԫвдߣʱڲ²ţ˭̤˲
ʥԪüͷһԪ絮һλµĲ𣬶Ԫ磬Ǿ޴Ӱ죬ֻЩǣǶԷԪ̤벻𣬻ӦøܵŶԡ
Ͼ̤˲εĴڣһλ̤Ĳ𣬲о
ʥԪɻ󣬿ȴû˿Ļɣ𣬴žĴ۵ʹߵĴ۵ʹߣȻԵ޹ʵĵȻ̤˲Ρ
֣Ȼһ˿΢΢һʴ֣ȻǸ̺ܵһ˿ص£ҲΪ֣ܴԪ硣
Ĵ£ǰݻѡ֮Уһ֣ݿ
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Ͼĵӳ룬жãҲͶʮ꣬ʮ̤벻
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һ㶣ʱҲڲ²⣬Ԫ֮У˭̤˲𣬶ʱԷƳ֡
ȴһ㶣룬ʶĳ룿
滹֪ѾҪ֪ĳ룬뿪ҲֻһصΪȻ棬óгϣÿһޱȵѣʮʱ䣬̤벻
ɳĵӳ룬ʵ벻𣬻λ񾳵ߣġ
룿ʥԪ΢΢һ㶣Ժ֮вһӰǵСռͨһĳ롣
ӦòɣʥԪüͷһʱ򣬳벻һصΪͲȫΣʮʱ䣬̤벻𣬾Ϲ֮սǰҲû˵˿µš¶ԷħһߣҲŶԡ
ȻҵģҲһһ뵽ݣһ۵ǿߣǾĴҲӡ
뵽Ҳûо̫֣һǴԭʧ

һ̣αǳ֮С
ѡ΢΢֣շ
Ȼֻ۷ΪȴҲѾǿٳֱ֮ӿڣҲ˲䴫Ԫ硣

Ϥʱվʵ̫Ϥˣǳ
ȻСӡʥԪҲ΢΢һ㶣û뵽벻ߣȻǳ룬ֻҲʮֺ棬ΪʲôԼ޷Ĵڡ
Ҫ֪ΪԪǿߣײԪĶǿڣȻӲ˵
û뵽ṳ̂벻ĵȴһ̤˲𡣡ʥԪ̾һһߣҲʮֵ˽⣬֪Щ̤벻Ļ
棬һԪ۷֮ϣģֻ۷ΪѾӵпȲεսҲܳΪľŵͳ죬Ҫ֪ͳһ㶼ɲεġ
ҲǰȥݻһˡʥԪ𰵰ֻʥԪ֪ϢҲǿʼ׷׼ʱĴ۵ʹ߻ڣǵǲ̸ȥⲢ׼һ
̤벻žȻˣԪԣһеߣ֪ˣͬһΣŽΪʥĴڣ
ɢ֮Уһ߻ͨݷӹȥΪ׵ߣǾĴ
ǰ룬֪Ĵ˵٣Ѿ֮ޱȹ
˻һľľɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼƺһλ۷Ϊǰ
ƺһѼɣǰȴ򲻸ҵæ
Ȼһ֮ɱϾΪֻ۷壬ҲдĴۿƿؾǿߣ˵ûѣǳˣھĴϳ֮УδǶԷĶ֡Ȼõ͵һЩ


753 Ԫ
𣬳Ҳ֪һЩǾĴ۵״ӣҲǾĴ¾λ֮һϹŴս֮ǰѾ̤벻Ĵڣһεǿߡ
ĴǰأҲʮֿãǴžľŸ뿪
ĴǰأҲ֪⣬Ҷ̤ۣߵøԶ밵ھĴ۱ʾ⣬ȻȻܣϾһ;Ĵ۵ĹϵǼΪ׺ġ
̵˸֪ʲôȴ֪ǰԼģǾǿߣһҲǼѣʵԽǿǵĵλҲˮǴߣҪ֪ǰŵĵ֮УײĴڡҲߵŮչ¶ǿʵȻҲɡ
ѡ
ڴʱԶһһӰͨϿա
ʥԪǰҲǸ֪ˣ̷ӳȥֵ
ʥԪǼΪģҪ֪ʥԪϹ֮սʱ򣬽ֻ۷ΪϹ֮ս̤벻һֱػԪ硣ΪĴڣԪܶĴ綼Ӻƽûбʲô̫ģ˵ΪʥԪĴڣԪнա
ʥԪĿڳϣ̱ǸܵǹɲϢȻΪֻ۷壬ʥԪȴ֪ܿѾһ֮
ѹĴ۾ءʥԪи̾ʱҲףΪʲôĴۻسˡ
һλעۣǾĴۣҲӣλۣȻǳԪ磬ԭʥԪΪֻ̤벻ˣڲףԷȻֱӿһ֮
ϲѣû뵽ѾȻ֮ȴǱߵĿˡʥԪ̾
Ϲ֮ս꣬ʥԪΪҲֻǲڵΪˡ̤벻һСޱȵѣοԪֻʣʥԪһˣûʲôǿָ㣬ȫԼУ͸ˡ

ԶһǿҵĿռ䲨ϤϢһ̣αǳ˰֮С
ʥԪǰʥԪ涼΢΢һ㶣Ϊŵĸ߲㣬ʥԪǲİΣֻû뵽һξȻʥԪ
һõӡʥԪ̾
룬ΪĿ⿴룬ȴǷ֣Ϊֻ۷壬ȴһ͸ĸо
ԭڱչأֻǾ٣ĴʹߵƺΪѣô飬Ȼڵһʱ֪ͨ档
Ȼ۷ΪѾһ֮ʵս»֮ϡԶʥԪ𿪿ڵ
һ֮
һ㶣һ˼Ŀų룬һԵЩãȻϾʱ̫̣ۣûʲô֪Ȼ츳ߣĿǰҲֻȡˣ۲Σ󼰵ġ
룬ģЩŵõĴУһλµģһ֮ǺεȵѡΪ֪һ㣬Խǲţ۷ĳ룬ȻֱӿԽع򣬿һ֮
΢΢ͷ±ϾʲôܣĴ۵ʹǰأȴ۷ΪֻҪһ򣬾ȻܹеĲԾ
ԭһΪֻӵг츳û뵽ҲǸпѣ˲ٵĵӣ״ӱо֮࣬гɾı࣬濴ҲֻӵгĻᡣ
ڳ룬еʱ̫ˣչ֮ǰֻ龳ΪĲ²⣬ܹ̤񾳾Ͳˣû뵽ʮ꣬뾹ȻѾһ֮
Ԫһ׷֤ܿһǲʹǰͨݣس롣
û뵽ϵܣǰȻ̤벻ˡɽпѣȻó룬Ҳṳ̂벻ǽΪ۷ΪѵˣҪ֪ڵԪ磬۷ߣǼٵġ
ɽҲޱȵļͳϵ̤벻¥ԣǾ޴ĺϢ
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ϺϣԻ°ɡٻһΣ𣬱˵ǰٻʵʥ򶼲ǵ
һʱ䣬Ԫǰͨݹس룬۷ʵ˭Ҳû£ԶһҲǷ׷ǰ
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ʥϾ̫Զˣһߣ֪ĴڣĴڣȴǾִԪ磬һߣô顣Լʱܹ֤һλ𣬾ֵԺ顣
ʱţ콵ֵ飬Ҳǽȥڼ䣬źϳڣ˲Сķչ
ʱţһתۣʮȥ
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ʮУȴоԼǲôһ΢΢̾Ϣʮʵ˲Сɱ䡣
ҲǴﵽһޣԼãֻҪԼ̤һܳʱⳤӣ̤۲Ρ
ͱ֪ˣе£һֻ꣬һۣܿҪ֪֪˶üʡһԵĳϧЦ
⵹Ҳǡ΢΢ͷҲǾԼЩżˣе±Ͼ̫ˣʮ꣬Ѿ㹻ֻһܳʱⳤӣԪ޻ĺܣż
֮·ɼ˵뾳缫ߣصĸȣ̬ǻ±롣
ѾͷǰħʥأҲѾִ֪꣬ʥûСϧ¿ڵ
ѾͷĥҲãȻߵһ𡭡񣬳һͷۣѾͷȻ˰£˵ʦͽΪµĲûУЩӦƽϵ̫׽ˡ
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Ħ֣ķһЩʱ䣬ǾȻָ֮󣬾Ȼʼͨ˵䣬磬ҲֵңԴˣ뵹ûʲôϾΪл״̬סָ꣬ķ࿴Ҳ֮С


754 ǳ
Щ꣬һֱͨ˵練٣ΪҲʹﵽڣֱ׷Ҫ֪Ϲ֮սǰѾ̤벻Ĵڡ
ôȥΪҲֻǽӽڰˣǽֻǲڵΪˡ
ܹô̵ʱ䣬˾޴ĽĲл״̬żĹϵȻʱ޷в򣬿ǿһξľ֮ϣۣȻޱɡ
ʦԼĴ㣬ôһֱϹսָĴһЦŵ
ϧ΢΢ͷֻǾúˣϾһλװͨˣֻϸΪڸʮȻҲƣ
Ѿִ򵽼ޣչزѾûʲô̫ãҴǰǳ׵ĵϧ¿ڵ
ʮϧѾ̤۷壬ִҲ򵽼£ڿһع򡣲Ҫعʵ̫ˣŵڵعЧҲôԣһһλˡʵϣħһǿ壬ӵħѪܿħֱ֮ع򡣷ߣֻܿԼвͻƲ
Ҫ̤벻˭޷ֻֿܹԼһ㣬ǳҲû˿İ취
ҲãǳײεǿߣİҲǼ󡣡΢΢ͷǳ׽ҪԲ񾳵ߣϧµľǰȥȻС
ҲĴߣǰǳ׵ĵǳƿصǳǾ򣬿ϰٸ·֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣뿪ڵ
ϧ΢΢ͷóعҲΪǿ֮ӦҲ֮ûбҪ·˷̫ʱ䡣
֮˱뿪Ԫ磬гųϧ¸·˲ʮ꣬ǵִǳƿصǳ
ǳףڲ֮УȽϴһλΪڵҪ֪֮£ǺѼ׵ģӱὲˡԸʮ򣬶ǳףޱȵ𾴣ֻΪʵǿ󣬸ΪҪǣǳ۾ڵĺ󱲣ȻӮߵ𾴡
λҲģ˸ոյִǳڵ֮УǿԶѾвٵ߾ۼЩߣȻǰߡÿһ˶񾳵ߣмλڡ
ףٵò֮͡ипȻ֮ʺײεǿߣŲСĲ࣬׾ǿǿ֮ǿĴˡ޾֮УǶĴڡ
ħһǿ壬ڣ׾εǿߣҲֻ˶ѣһλ׾ǿߣǺεȵĺ
ǵģ֪ǳ׵ĵʱŻῪ뿪ڵ
ĺɣʮ꣬ǳҪˣҿǵһˣܺѽҲЦŵ
ǳ׽ǿߵĶ񾳵ߣЩ߾ۼһ𣬱˴˽һʢᣬҪ֪пǻвεĴڡ
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ͳϧ²һϲҪ֪ǳ׽ʱǲȷģʮ꣬ͿʼҲǧ꣬ŽһΣǰȻֻõʮʱ䣬ʱ񾳵߶ԣѾʮֶݵˡ
ϢѾһĲ𣬶޷쳣ڲֻ۷ΪѣȻûע⡣
ʱתһʮȥ

ͻȻԶմһǿҵĿռ䲨ţӰ֮У˶ǲ۷ǿߡ
λѣʦ𽫻󽲵볡ƵģɽûƣҲڵΪ׵Ĳ
׽׵ԼǳȻԸôиĻЩߡûƣҲڵȻЧȻǲڡ
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һۣж𾪲ѣ˵ǳ׽żҲ۹ǺٵģΪǳ׽漰֮ļ٣۲û̫İ

һ˲ǰ
Ӱ֪ѾǷĲ֮Դûие֣Ͼ˿ǳ׵ӣԶԶͨɱȵġ
ֵ̹֡
֮ǿߣΪǳ׵ĵӣҲǱֵļΪ𾴣ҵ
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˻һһԵߣЩŵĿų룬һ۷ߣȻڵ߳Ϊ֣Ҳδ̫˼ˣ
λѡ빰ֵ
ǳ룿˻˶һ㶣ȵ
Ȼڳ룬Ҳ֪ģϾ۷Ϳһ֮ϢܿǴ޾գһЩ̵֪¡Ե֣׹Ϊʲôһλ۷ߵϣǻܵ۵ϢԭΪλΪףȴ۷忪֮ĳ롣
Եѵľ磬ƺһӿڵ
Ѿ֮ҪѣҪ㹻ʵܳʱⳤӣǳ׽֮漰ӱ˵ں汾Դǳ׽ڳԣûκЧġĵ֮ǳʱⳤӣǳ׽Լں汾Դľ飬Գԣûʲôô
ӹģڽ棬ǳǰԶ֮ϡЦŵ
ԣ΢Цŵ˵ͷһλۼǿ߳ʦ𣬶һǱΪŵҲǸеޱȵĸˡ
ԭˣ֪ѿ볡ƣһӿڵ
õǳǰһơ뿪ڵ
ԣһ˿ʧ֮ɫעۣ̤ײΣֻ¶ǲܣܹύһ£ȻǺ£ֻû뵽Ѿӵƣύûᡣ
ʦüᵽѣʦ֪ǰһʮָˡӿڵ
ܹǳǰҲҡЦŵ
ˣǴų뿪ǿգֱǰǳҲĽѣ׷ײ²⣬λǰαװɵ۷ߡ
ǳӼ˳룬ڳܹ۷忪һ֮ҲޱȵľȣҲ֪뾹ȻڼµһϹ֮սż֮еõһƣҲʮ־ȡ
ǳ׿ʼҲ뿪ǳʼա


755 ʯ
ǳ׽һҲ࣬Ͼǳں汾ԴĴڣЩײβ֮⣬׾ߣѾ֮ΪǿĴˡ
ǳ뿪뿪ʼĴ۷ΪҲʡȥ˲ٵ鷳һתۣȥ

֮УһǿҵĿռ䲨ųαǳ֮С
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ʱѾҷһȽƫƧ򣬰ħһļأһƬʮֵĻߣʺĴ粢ࡣ
һƬ򣬳ҲֻܹܵߵϢ֪һƬħһصǰ㣬һƬ
ˣҷ˺ʯϢڴʱͻȻڳĶ
ʯ
һ㶣ںʯȻûȴ˵˱ǵɱλ
ʵСһֱûнʯϢ֪룬ϾʯǲԪ޾ĿܺС۷ʵûУ㱨ĻᶼûС
ų뿪ٳ֮ҲǽʯϢ֪˳룬ֻڹ޾Ѱһλʵ̫ˡȻ͸ħһѰҺʯϢȻûҵʯ
û뵽һĴȻ췢˺ʯϢ콣ͺʯսʱ򣬽콣Ͷʱ֮УԼĴУںʯϢȻļǵá
ܹ֪ʲôط𣿡뿪ڵ
ܣӦһƬͣϢ쿪ڵ
Ѱһλ𣬿ɲôף֪Ϣ콣Ҳ޷֪ԷľλãϾһλ׾ܴһľ롣˵ԷһƬˡ
һƬʲôλõϢǿæ
ǰĴܿһ޴ǳ֮ϡ
ǳ֮ϣһЩ󷨵ĺۼȻʯǳ֮
֣һƬӦòرʺвŶԣôУ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ҷһƬʺеĵط࣬޾֮еǳ֮ϣеЧҲرãһ˵һƬߣ޾֮
ܸܵϢ𣿡
ܣӦ˺ѿռ뿪ˡ
Щε
Ȼʱ콣Ѿɵɲ˺ѿռ䴩󣬸ϢǵʱܳԷ˺ѿռķ׷ɱȥ
ϧҿٵ֮ǽʱմ׷ɱȥ΢΢ҡͷʱ׷֮ϣرóʯ֪뿪˶ã޷׷١
֪һƬֹȴһƬ˵ʲô
ʮ꣬ҷĴѰңҲһЩڵĲѯʣûкʯϢ
ʯ𣬻СģȻڣûϢüͷ΢壬һ˵񾳵߲Ը磬ΪعѹƣǲѾᱻعѹơգ磬ǼΪġ
ҷ̽ãҲûҵ˿õϢֻε뿪ҷ
޾մһתۣǧʱ䡣
䡫
֮дһµľ죬ԶӰӣһӰٵӴţīɫеߣ˵ʵȻǴﵽ˲Ρ
׵Ӳġ֮УһЦ
̵ĺôĵӣȻ޾׷ɱߣΪɱңӵǷӴܵЦ
׵ԼҲû뵽޾գƿصȻλ̵׷ɱ
Ҫ־͹ãȻײܰġһЦ֮
ƾǣңûôס׵һЦʵɲҲλ֧ôõʱ䡣
ȴԮЦ̳֣㴫ŵĻᣬǰ꣬Ҳ㡣һЦ
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ˡ׵ɫʱף̸ߵ֣ӦԴŵķͱ¶ˡ
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ҪԽĴڣʵ̫ˡε̾һҪԽεǿߣ޷Ψһܿľ׾ǿߣֻ׾ǿߣҪ̤ʵ̫ˣӱ˵ǳԽˡ
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һǻ籾Դ籾Դʲôط˭Ҳֻ֪֪汾Դڣ׾ǿߣж䡣ΨлԴ޺εǿߣܽ룬ֻϧǶ֪籾Դڡڶ򣬾˵Ϲ֮սֵԴͷսĵطȥȻΪΣաıǺȴǾãԴΣգǺ֮£ǿҲĵط


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Ҫ֪̤벻ǱɱԪģ֮УҲֻǵλѣҪ֪ߵڣǺεȵ
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һƬǺ֮У߸޷ռ䣬޷紫ϢУֻܿķУǷٶȣһƬǺ֮УԽǴıѹơ
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˻һԵļҲЦ׼꣬ۿԼʱԽԽҪ˵ǲܵġǹغܷƿһĹؼ

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ֻգ֮䣬һӳ֮Уܵ汾ԴѹƣϢҲ½࣬ҪһЩ㡣
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ѹĦҮҶԸӵʵڰ벽жǺǿˡջǿߡ鳽üͷһȻĦҮֹ˫Լ棬׽汾ԴѾ˳ԽĴڣĦҮʵ޷׵ķӳĦҮȻǿǿҲޣҲǻѣҪնɱѡ
Ǻͳ뽻֣ףջߣǺεȵĿ£ֻ۷Ϊȴ˵𲻳֣ûܹ³롣ʵڻԴ֮£
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ɶ񣬽ֻһҵ걾Դʧǧ֮һȥסһ㡣СĵĶϮĵ⣬ҲޱȽڵʵµκߣӵ𾳽壬ȻЩ


770 ֶ
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ȻóɱֶΣʵա֮ɫЩѿɱºܿͻᱻѹƣȻ˵նɱ𣬿ɻ֮ĵġֻӲֻǿ棬ϵס汾Դ󷨣ܴǿƻҲúķһЩʱ䡣
Ϊסңܻٵռ֮ͨЦһγ汾ԴѹƵĿһ׼ֵǣصޡ
ܰﶼǲµĿ׵磬Щ׵磬׾ߣУ¶˲ˣž޴׵磬Ȼܹѹλ˵λ汾Դѹƣʵһ֮ѹˣɱֶǺε֮ǿ
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һƻûгɹǷ޾յߣûҵǿ˿ռ֮ͨ£ִֻеڶƻƻռͨ
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Ϲ֮ս֮УûгֹԻ޲˽⣬Ա޽ӽս͵Ϯ֮Ҳ˵
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⡭ʵӦÿƻռͨǣôԪ˵ɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
ʵȻ޷ƻռͨǵļƻǵļƻͻȻ֣ͻƷƻռͨŶԡ
һΣҾͲһռܹͨסҵĹһЦһ̣гһ𣬻һ޴Ľ⣬ݺݵĳǿռͨ˹ȥ

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ҲϹ֮ս֮սĲҵԵʣȻЩҲֻǿսɶԷĽսӳǿսһȴֻλεսˣȻһǿҲǿޣսȻ
ڣսȻܹӳεս׵ֵסȫϹ֮սӵǿսһˣ
ǣΪ׼ֻһѣ֮Ц
Ϲ֮սȻǱɱһֲ֮ǰǶ֪Ĵڣ忴ֵһʵϣҲò˶١Դʵ̫ͻȻˣ֮׼ǿ˺ѿռͨɱ棬ĻȴܷŹԲϹ֮ս
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֮ţҲΪԼһ˿ԶԸ𣬲սȻʻٶȴЩ⣬ԶԶķٶȣֻ۷εٶȰˡΪսٶȻնɱ𣬻ǲ̫ܣʵϣ֮ҲҪնɱߵ𣬶ǽؿռͨ屾ǿߵϾռƣһǿսؿռͨǿ߾ͿԴԴĽ档
Ϲ֮սʧܣһҪԭΪռͨƻǿûкԮֻܳߣ˿ռͨǿ߲Ͻ룬֮ջٿع˭ƻռͨ
ֻǽѾռݽɹ˿ص̬ƣڲ֮ء
鷳ˡ˵ɫޱѿͬ뵽һ㣬޷ƻռͨ˫Ĵսɱ⣬һϹ֮սӿµĴս


771 ȫ汬
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ߴ״ռ壬ֻͨռͨǿռ֮ͨУһսڷٵʻ
սݣϹ֮սܵ壬оȻ޷ﵽǸΣҲ˶٣Щȫǿ֮⣬ͬҲڷ֡Ϊ˲ٵսݣЩݣĵ
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Щսݣ۷߲ٿأܷӳ벽սս𣬶ܿһ
ϵܣٽսڴǳ׵һæսݣ鳽ֲʮʱ䣬걾ԴʱѾһɡѾ㲻ˡ

뵽սУǼǳһˣսݲֻսͬߵıݣһݣɽߡ
ϵܣ겻ʵԽ˵ãȻֶܺˡǳ׿룬ɹЦ
ǳ־ͱȡЦˣԷ汾ԴѹƣɷӲεʵˣҵ걾ԴҲĲСЦ棬ߴܿ͸ˣ鳽ȥ¶һ
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˫һЩʧֻǡǳ˵ȴ̾һ
ֻռͨڣ棬ǵˣͻصԼ棬ָɱȻǵ棬Ǳ汾Դѹƣ㳵ս֮£¡ǳһǡ
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ָ֮ǰ˫սʱ˫սѾ򣬲սߣҲơ
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Ĵս֮У𣬶ޱȵС׾ͻ䡣
Ĵս΢΢̾ϢĴսʵҲֻǿԱѣӱ˵Щεߡ
ʱҲϹ֮սʱЩΪλ׷ԼĴУĴս֮Уǻϣ̫Сˡ
ֻǹؿռͨҪƻռ̸ͨסԶĿռͨ̾һ֮ǰѾԹƾһ֮޷ƻռͨЩҲٸ߻ᡣϾǹȻԼλΧ¶顣Ҫ֪ҲǿԱΧģ˵ѹ֮µٿصĹˡ
û뵽ħǰҲˡԶʮǧľ޴ǻħ
һսϵĴԴĻħǰսֻǻħĻԴޣҲǸ˹Ҫ֪ЩԴޣεֻǾ粻ˡ
սοԴܵ汾ԴӰɱҪռһЩơ
˫ԴԴϵĸսķΧҲڷٵ֮С
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ΨһϣЩûлƿߵ棬汾ԴΪƿߣעֻǱһǿһЩˡ
֮ķѪۣΪľɱ棬汾Դֻ汾ԴɲôףԼԣĻߣ汾ԴҪ汾Դ汾Դһޣǿ֮Ȼ棬汾Դɣطս
巢սҪɱߣ汾Դֻ汾Դڣ֮пһ汾ԴǻƿߣͳһƬ棬ΪʦһĴڣ
˵Լ棬֮ҲѾһ֮£֮ϵĴڣƿһջ߶ջʦ֮µȻġ
Ȼ浮ջߣƻȴǰҵԤϽš֮аȻĳ֣ЩԤϣսչڣһжԤ֮С
ǹؿռͨһܹɳλεǿߣ޷ƻռͨһʼߵλ񺣸滹лƻռͨʱţҪλƻռͨѾȫˡǿߵ֮£˵λ𣬾һλεǿߣ涼޷
ಡ
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˵ͨߣ򣬶汾ԴĶ΢΢ɼܲסڶ࣬һɱ븹أŸصߣֵܵס塣
ȥԸЩսݡ뿪ڵδ䣬һѾǳ˳ȥ
ΧϳɱУͬʱ֪ͨغ󷽵ߣ׼ӭսǳ׼æ


772 ʦ
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һת˲֮׷׷ϳ߸ɱȥսݡ
ףе׷
УҲǷ׷ɱĳ롣
һ׾ߣҲ뿹սݣֱ׼ɱĳ룬мһЦ
սݿǿרսɱģ׾ߴ߶սݵܴﵽ۷Σƾǿķ󷨣֣ǰ벽𣬶ܿһ¡
ȻѰ·ɱһλףҲ²СĹ͡
˵˫սѾ˵߲׾εߣȴǼ٣Ͼ棬׶ǼΪеġҪ֪˵ʲôʱ̤𾳣ûκһ棬Լ̫ࡣ

սݴ߶ɲ֮䣬һµĵ⳯ų˹ȥ⻮ǿֲ֮£Ѱףᱻɱ
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ջ飬֮УҲֻε߲֪Ͼһף׻Ψ𣬲֮ľ޴
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һ̣⻮ǽͬԪһ㣬һУʧߣǽʱ
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һ˲䣬ױսݱƣǵʵǳĶ֣ʱҲʮֵĺڣһ棬û˵ǿߣǿðȻû֪ͨǡ
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һܣµƻսڲ˲ȥֻ׾ߣ֮µֵı꾧Ѿѷ졣
ôᣬһˣҺôҲ׺ڵΪ׾ֲѣ׺ڵΪȫ֮£Ȼסһ
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Ҳù׷ŭֱӴ߶꾧Ա
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Ƿ񣬾ȻԱˡüͷ΢壬˵׾Ա޷ʲôвЩ棬ȻǴű֮ĶⳡսҪ壬ҲǱ
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֪˫սɲǵʱʱ̣һֻ֣ӣɱȫΪڲһ˫սֻҪսݣҪ׷ɱѡɼҲλڳС
һ·׷ɱѾ׷߸ľ룬е岻

ԶһսӶ
Դף
ӰսӳǾĴۺ޼۵ˣս޾յǿ߳󷽵ģߣǳսӳս븹أǲŻȥ׷ɱ򶼻ὫսССΧʧ
Ĵۡ΢΢ͷϧ
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밵Եͷ󷽸أǰǰȫ٣ûгʱͨս֮ǰ󷽶ǰȫģǱȥ޾ôɱĸҲǱȽСġǿ߶ɱ޾յһսû򣬱ϾǴڷһսֻڼټطսɱ޾նҪûô߷ס޾ա
λСģһҪȥ׷ɱսݡ볯΢΢֣ɱһ
¶ǶԣޱȵĶݣɳȴѾɳǶֻĵزˡĴ۸пѣ˵һλ󷽣λ½սǿ֮⣬ҲһԭΪ룬Ͼ󷽿ɱǰ߰ȫˣϧѾ̤벻ûбҪ̫ðա
ǰҼʱֻ񾳵Ϊѡ𵱳ڴڼΣ޼۲һЦҲûһ֮Եĳ룬Ѿײεǿߣһս֮У˲˵á
һսҲ֪ǻܻܲʤĴ̾һϹ֮սǶ˫Ĵսֻ̤׾ǿеԱ֮Щۣʱ䡣
ΣΨսѡ޼۵
޼۱ǿԼʵ޼һսˣ¹սԣҲһսˣӮֻֻ֪֪ҪսͻȫԸ
Ĵһ㶣˵ͷһΣΨս

ɶ룬ŴƻҵļƻĦҮɫޱѿѾõϢѾսڳиȥ׶ˡ
Ĵս𾳵䣬ǲܵģӱ˵ͨ׾ߣǽλ׾ߣͬһˣ֮ǰڳе׾ߡһնɱףҪࡣ
˵зŭĦҮȴ֪ʵЩսֵܹģʵ¶޽ӽˡڱ汾ԴѹƵǣôЩ׾ֵܹġ
ʦܣ֣նɱǳ롣ĦҮǹ
ڣһΡ׳˻üͷһĦҮӦֻ֪ǴӦعѡ
֪ǳ벻߶ԣһ󻼣ֻҪʦ֣ҿ԰һӦ֪Ѿ̤ǵ棬Զջռһ棬ȴһռݣʱͿջ˵ռ棬ʱҲȫ㡣ĦҮæ
Ρ׳ԣǰһջ棬Ϊƿߵջ޷ܾġ
ãҴӦ㣬ϣԼĳŵΡ׳ͷһǴǹ֮ʧ


773 Դ޺
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޴սݴһ죬һӰ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ǵս֮зӶһιһսݵĳ롣
ѾǵսݣߴϢսսһ˴һסһڳ߸ضȥ૵
ɱ˴˶ڷٵĽϢϾɱսޱȵĻңǸΣ׵Ĳսı仯
˴˴ϢԮǽɱΧɱϵޱĬҪ֪ǰսߣμӹϹ֮սǿߡ
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ǿµһֱӱԼǿһһתһ˿˿һ屾Դ۳ɿµĽⳤӣݺݵӭϮܡ
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ⳤӺ֮ϣʱһµľ죬ԲǱǿµϯ
ֲķֱ֮ӽɵľ޴ɳȥǿħ֮ϣǶ˼޴˺ۡ
ǿɫһݣγֵʵԱ鳽ǿ˲ֹһ㣬ܽӽĦҮֵܡ
֪ĦҮյǻǱ汾Դѹƣܷӳսܾ֮ȻܽӽĦҮȻյɱʵڿ¡ǲ汾Դѹƣֻɱ֮ϡ

ڳɫޱصʱԶһӰӶȴһΡ׳һɸߡ
֪ߣûΣҲֻǺһ㣬Ρ׳ȴܹܵԷߣһɸߵ塣߳ߵĴ󺺣ѾʮټһɸߵΡ׳ǳҲǵһμ
Ρ׳ֳһսɢһɿµϢֻǸоԷ֮ϣʱҲףλܹ֮Խ鳽սŲСĹϵ
ϡüͷһΡ׳ϣܵһʮϤϢϢȴЩ˵
Ƕʦֿеĳ룬ջ罣ߣΡ׳ĿڳϣĮ
ʦ֣һвɿһĦҮλԽڵĵӣΡ׳ĿƺͬʦֵܣҲ˵ҲλԽǿߵĵӣ
λڣǳԽĴڣʱޱȵľ
˵вǧʱ䣬ʵ츳ڶʦֺʦ֮ϣѹֶʦΪ㣬ϧǰսΡ׳̾һ
ǧʱ䣬˻˵汾Դã汾Դ֣ܵΣУͻߣǳɳĸ죬Ͼֻʮޡ汾Դֻûǣ޷ߡ
ܹǧջҲޱȵѣҪ֪Ρ׳ڵ棬ʦ׾꣬ջĦҮȻʦĽ̵Ҳķ˲֪²ջǵ棬Ҳֻջ߰ˡɼջѶȣɳȴǿԼǧʱ˻ǵˣΡ׳Ҳǲòϳ츳
˵öлǣҪ壬£Ҳջ뵭
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ԣ벻һȷ棬ΪʲôΡ׳ϣܵһ˿ΪϤϢϢʲôȴ˵
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ħγԳƶԷķʧܸգɫʱޱȵѿ
ЩԴ޺ǣܿ屻ѹƵ𣬳ʵȻȴǲһ㣬޷ɱһʱϵ̫¶Σա
Ħһսȥ֧Ԯ롣ħ̴
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Ħǲٿһսݣųķȥ

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ôʱ䣬òңʲôԵýġһЦ
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ſյգüͷ΢塣ˣˣʵӦܹоŶԣ֮ǰޣȻûио˿쳣ȴЩͬѰˡ


775 籾Դ
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Ҫ֪һƬ򣬿λ𾳵߽֣𾳵ߣһƬռ֮д󡣿ɳȴ֪Ѿ뿪һƬ
ʲôֶΣֻңֱӴռ䣬ֶΣľѣ飬ʵǹ˼ˣһʱ䣬Ҳ޷Ӧ

΢Ӧ̱ǲܵ쳣ÿһֵޱȵֿɼָоħʥأҪܹо罣ĴڣҪ֪ΪԽĴڣ޷֪ģǳ룬ҲֻܿԼǺһ޾յ߸֪УҲôûջˡ
ǡ籾Դ
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ͻ˽ڻ籾ԴҲЩ˽⣬ڸ֪ܵһУ̱֪˻籾Դ
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Ȼһ̣Ǹܵ˻籾Դͷ
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籾Դ뷨ܼ򵥣ǰó𾳵Ļ罣Ϊƿߣһһ浮ƿߣԼ棬޵еĴڣ׾ܻΣ
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ʱ𣿡ͻȻ籾ԴһϢ
ڻ籾Դ֮У籾Դά򱶼٣һ꣬籾Դꡣ
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籾Դ֮Уû𾳵Ļ罣ֻ׾Ļ𾳵ĵ߿գڻ籾Դ֮γɡ籾Դĵֻ׾ѡҲΪʲôڻ籾ԴĻԴǣ𾳵ʵȴû𾳵ľ磬Ϊڻ籾Դǣֻ۷εĵˣ
ڻ籾Դ֮У뿪ʼܵĵ

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ô˵ɫޱȵѿԭʵܾԻԴǣų룬棬Ȼ𾳵ɱ֮Уռʲôƣһµɱ֮Уռ˲Сơ
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ϸ֪汾Դû̫ģ۷ε䡣𿪿ڵ
˻̸Ӧ汾ԴȻǷ֣汾Դ֮ǰȣûʲô̫ģҪ֪ǿ䣬汾ԴҲһģʵԽǿ֮汾ԴԽ󡣵Դ䣬汾Դ嶼׿ٿռͨɱ档
汾Դû̫ģҲ˵뻹û
ûѵǱˣ΢΢üߣҲû˵뱻Էã˵òʲôϢٱúá
ϣܼǻɡ΢΢̾Ϣȴף屾ѣڳֵʱ򣬾͸ˡ


776 µ
籾Դ
չزѾǧ꣬ɶԣֻһµʱˣǧҲջ࣬Ҫ֪޾Ѿڵĵ׵ĸܵ
׵ĵط׵

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ţͻȻüͷһĿڻ֮ϡ
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Ҫ汾ԴӵѣΨһİ취û籾ԴֻҪ籾ԴһΣջߣǿ
籾Դһʧܴ󡣡밵
籾ԴȻΪ߲䣬ǿ䣬籾ԴȻͨ䣬Ҳֻ̫Сˣ籾Դ޷ܵǴģķ缸鶼һ˲ȥ籾Դǲĵġڻ籾ԴȻɳȴܵ籾Դģ˾ԲСѹֻ籾Դʵ棬ѾΪؼʱ̡
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籾Դ֮Уֵڳܣÿһ֣ޱȵĸܵЩڳв򣬼ûκεİ
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ڴʱ籾ԴͻȻ΢΢
ܵ籾Դ˫ۣʱǿԶĻ磬ϵ
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籾Դǰһһŵ뷨ץס
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ųԻ޽磬ܵĻ籾ԴǿʼҵĲһ籾Դϵ뵽֮С
Ż籾Դ룬ڵĻ޽ҲԽԽǿ

޽һһ̣ǻ޽ڲʼܻγһ޴Ľ磬֮УһƬŻ籾Դ룬޽ڲȴǿʼϵı仯عֵת
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С綼ǳ͵ʱ򣬳ϵϢҲǿʼٵܵĻ籾ԴҲǴޱϲõ顣
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̤𾳣ܹĸо籾ԴĴڣ׾ܵ汾Դɱ𾳵ǵ汾Դ׾ߣȴǽáýÿֻһ֮ʵȴر𣬽˵汾ԴĲ׾֮ϵģֻܽ裬ã𾳵ߣѾǺ汾ԴͬһΣֱӵãҪ֪汾Դûǻۣһ֮£汾Դǲֹ𾳵ߵ汾Դġ
𣬻籾ԴǵãĦҮתƵ֮УҲֻܵһ֣Ϊ汾Դջ棬ĦҮҲַֻܹӳͨսˡ
ѹ𾳵ߣ޷籾ԴȴΪͻ籾ԴһΣƽʱûûʲôҪ׵ƿػ籾ԴΨ̤𾳵Ļ̤𾳣ҲףΪʲô𾳵޷汾Դˣԭܼ򵥣ΪһΣ籾ԴôܳƽյĵãҲΪ汾Դûǻۣǵöѡ
Ѿһߵµı֣Ȼ޷ٽһҲһ޷ԭ򡣿ԶĹ̶ˡ
ҲǵԴ籾ԴԻ籾Դ֪Ķĸ򣬲Լ²⵽֮ϣи߲εĴڡ
ֻϧµԴҲ޷ǿԼˡ
Ҫ֪֮£ûлƿߣ֮УѾ޵еĴڣǲܱɱģ統ħ˵Դϸ˵ɱǾ·һ·ɡ
ʵϣԴ²ľ·пܳɹֻϧûпߣܳԡ΢΢ҡͷ
̤𾳣ӻ籾Դ֪Ķ࣬Ȼ֪𶼲֪ء
ڵʵ׾籾ԴΪƿߣһҳ籾ԴĦҮһʱܸܵüͷ΢΢һ
ڵĦҮҲһ뿪ʼ籾ԴĦҮȻܹ׸֪µʱ̾ͻߡϾĦҮɲǵ棬лƿߵĴڣһ浮ƿߣ˵ʵֻͨ𣬾ջڳǰû˿ķ֮
Ȼ籾Դ׸Ħϵˣ棬Ǿ뿪Ҳδ̫ˡһЦоɱ
Ϲ֮սĴս治֪˶ߣǿڴս֮ȥ淸Уȥ뻹ûĵزҪ֪лƿߣһǻȥ˭κβǡ
ȻǸô׷ŹǣǻƿߣΪءЦ
֣ǾҪǴۣǲ˼֪治Ĵڡ
ڳ뷨籾ԴûֹҪ֪𾳻Ĵڣû籾ԴԼ棬޵еĴڡοΪһλ𾳻ߣ汾ԴĦҮԼ淢ӳʵҪǿȻƿߣҲԶԶջɱȵġ
ʱȥյծˡ֮һɱ

һ̣ΣԻ籾Դ֮ʧ

սǵİ֮£׷׺󳷣ȻǿߣǵʧȻޱȵľ޴󣬳˹֮У˵
һǲµĴȻظһ󣬽ܣɱǳ׳
һսµ˲٣λ׾ĺѣҲѾ䣬һսĲҳ̶ȣѾϹ֮ս
Ϲ֮սȻңΪƻռͨʱһʼͿ˻ʤϣΪռͨƻûкԮ汾ԴѹƣһˣҪܳʱָܻһսռʱ˺ͣȻʧСջǻʤڣʱ˺ͣûһߡ
ǳЩ岢ûмŽһź۵߽ħһףһҲǳ˵ǳһ
ûмŽ˻˵ɫǱޱȵѿ
ڿռͨôǹѾʼƶӦǴ㳹׵ȹ̿ռͨȻڷȫڴʱԪĴ˵Ķ
Ȼ
ڳߣǲ֪˶Ĵڣһ֪ûмŽǾ͸е
ǲǿΪǺķѴµĴ󣬽󷨣ɱǻռƵġӲԿռͨΪƽؿռͨĹܺε֮ǿǶޱȵһ֣ǲõĴֻҶֲ˶೤ʱ䡣
һУ˵ɫǳ
Σһսֻսȥû·ˡǳȻ
ǰսڣѾû·ǽܣĩա

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룿
ͻȻֵӰǳ׵˶һ㶣Ҫ֪ǵõϢˡ
û΢΢һЦûж˵ֱӴλ𣬡ѣѾͻ𾳣׼
ͻˣ˵õϢҲɵˣֻ֪ûȴ֪ʲôȻֱ̤𾳡
Ҫ֪֮ǰȻԳ̤𾳱вСϣҲʮֿ϶ܹ̤𾳡ȴû뵽뾹Ȼˣ
֮ǰԪ
֮ǰһЩԵ˻籾ԴԽͻˡ봫
籾Դ
ԣ˲Ȼѹֳܹ̤𾳣ȴΪ˻籾ԴҪ֪ǿҲĵطȷǴԵ
̤ҲֻռƣҪǲ̫ˡ
˵һʼսʱ򣬳𾳵ߣȻܣѾ˸Ҫˡ
޷߸ͨһںοһЩѹƵ𡣡뵭Ȼ
߸ֶں
ѵѾǻƿߣ
ûУѾ߳Խ·籾ԴֻһĦҮܹЩ棬ǾߣҲδ̫ˡ
ʧôôߣûôףͬ飬֮ǰֻҪˣڣ볬ԽȻ׷ŹЩ塣
˱һܿȷĸʱֱ֮ӷ𷴻
ǽϢȥʱǶɵˣ߸߲ȴǵ֪浮һλµһλԽͨĴڣ
ĸʱת˲ţ棬Ѿ׼÷
֮У˵ӰһǳȰλ
룬û뵽㾹ȻԴ顣Ŀڳϣп
ԴΪ˳Խ𣬶ģЩ飬ЩҲ֪ģֻ涼ûгɹû뵽뾹Ȼˣǿϸ˵ҲԴĴˡ
룬ûϣԽ𾳣
ѾǺͻ籾ԴͬεĴڣ޷Խ𾳡̾һ߶׷۷Ĵڣ֪֮ϻиǿĴڣȻĶ򵱳ԴҲðճˡ
˻λɫ䣬ЩʧϾ𾳶ǶԣѾǾͷϢɲʲôϢ
ˣҪܹԽ𾳣ҲˣڻȽɡ𿪿ڵ
һ֣һһʱƻռͨǹҶԸҪˡ뿴ˡ
ãֻҪռͨƻû˸ǹԸߣﻹǵĶ֡һЦ
ЩûջǰԼ漸޵еģҲǹĦҮȽ鷳ҪǹؿռͨһսҲǱ
ְɡ
һ̣һǴԭʧ
һΣֱռͨǰгһµĽֱӳǿռͨȥ
ã𡣡ӳֵ֣˲飬ЩؿռͨŷӦֱǽ֮ɢ
䡫
ţһ촫ռֱͨת˲֮䣬ǧ޵شǿռͨ˲䣬͸ǿռͨĿ⿴һ棬֮Уһңңķͬ棬붼ܸܵԷǹǿϢ
ƿߣĿһӣȻĻƿߡ
һռͨһΣǳŹķɱȥ
Ŀռ䣬ٵĻָһ̾ƶ
ʲôռͨƻˣ֮УĦҮ֪Ϣɫʱ䣬Ҫ֪ռͨǵĸʱ´һƬռͱߵ𣬶޷룬Էôƻռͨģ
ѵ浮˻𣿡ĦҮüͷһһȴҡͷܣѾ䣬㻹ջ׾ߣҪ̤𾳣ôס
룿һԵΡ׳üͷ΢壬ʵϣ޷ȷǲˡ
䡫
ڴʱһµܺڹ֮ϣ͵һֲ𵴣ڵ߾Ȼ˲ȥųɣֻ۷ߣλ
ÿµܣջˣ
ĦҮϾջǿµϮ̱׹Ѿջ
ǻսȻܹסһһ̣һӰ˹ǰ
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ӣ˲䣬Ρ׳ĦҮǾߡ
ӣЦ
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ΪӵõĦҮЦ벻籾Դɱ뽫
ݡ
һ̣⻮ֱǹ֮ϡ
ǲ
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ʮλʮλ𿪿ڵ
һǲ˶ʮλǰҪ汾Դѹƣʮλ׾ѹ档Ǳ汾ԴѹƣЩһҲǱѹƵġ
ҪǳƻռͨնɱĦҮΡ׳ЩõϢߣǶλ
ܹλѾˣһʧɲСЩӣߣɾӲˡ뵭
΢΢ͷ𾳵ߣǵ棬ȴûпռͨעֻ棬ҪôɱҪô²Ҫ֪Ϲ֮սʱ֮ʧΪǺķѴ뿪гڣЩԼĻʱߡ
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΢΢ͷû籾ԴʵȻǿԼҲ޵УʮĦҮΧͬΣգΨ籾ԴԼ棬޵С
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ȻѾΪ𣬿籾ԴȻǺķʮǧ꣬ųɹԣֻǹȥʮѡʮʱ䣬Ϲ֮սҲǸոս
ƿĸо΢΢һ㶣ʶ֮£׵ĸ棬ʹɱ𾳵ߣԣҲֻͬһĴڡֿɱ
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Ϊƿߣ棬˽ҲǸ࣬޾յһУָƣԴµĶ׵ĸоԼ棬޵еĴڡ
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Ŀ֮һâʵ׵ĸ𣬸ĦȻڻ¡
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ҲѾ𣿡Ħļ仹ͣȥʱ򣬵Ҳһ㶡
ĻƿˡԴû̫ȣĿڳϣ̾
Դǰ빧
ȻΪƿߣɶԴ𣬳뻹ǼΪ𾴵ģҪԴĳԣϧΪۣ߶֪֮ϣһ硣
ѿҵһУ̫ˡԴ΢΢ҡͷΪȻ֪Լ޾մʲôȥԣ˵ǿҲã˵ðҲգվ̫뵱Ȼˡ
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ѭȥ̼һӣһԱȳӴ󼸷ֵĹ
ѵСӣ뵭
»ʵӦ֪Ҷû˿Ȥε
üͷһ΢΢ͷΪƿߣȻƿߣֻһ籾Դˡ棬û塣浮ǿԽ࣬ͻԽֱ֮УǷ֣ɱǿ̫ˡ
಻ԶĦҮСӣŻ̰ģҲܵѵҪָ¶Ҫꡣ£ʹ˽Σӿڵ
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ߡһһöӡ
лӿڵ
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ǻģ棬ȻֻһЩԶҲܺܽ棬;棬ıȽϽ档
е²ǲ뵭
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