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澳Ϊϵϡ־ҪΪǿߣ澳У簿衣


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1 ʮ
ѩʮﳤӡ
ʹúɺһںӱ߿ή֦£һ泯ӣǵ˫Ӻ棬£룬׷ѩͬѩںϳһ塣
꣡
Ȼһƽ羵ıϣѺۣڼɢСšһ泹ѿˮĽ
һӰˮһԾϴŵˮںʴð˿˿۳ɱơ
һ꣬ಲֻһãһľվڱɫϣȻƣȴشŶ¡
ȥ
֮ˮۣ
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ովʱ򣬰ߵȴһͺȣϲκθ飬ͬˮ㡣

ǿ̧ͷ棬вʣмԺҶѾڱʱˡ
Ҳʱ򡭡
ȥ껰δ䣬߻ǵ˫ͻȻ峺͸һӴ𶯣Ļ
岻ȣµıͻȻѿû˿ͣͨһȥûڵˮС
ˮۿɼٶȾ£ܿһ㣬覡
ˮ£ӿ̹ǵˮ˷ۣ³λΪģ໥Գš
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ˮһƬֻĴİĿ̧ľǰһ
ˡһľն£һˮƿڻӿˮϴˢ塣
Ȼ˫治ɫһʯȻ
һ̣С

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ߵĴɽ䣬޳Хһ߾ŵѪ۵˵
꣬Ҹһϣһϣ
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Χ£ڹˮľն£ɷΧ
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ꡱһıѿԲʮɷΧķѣӿˮϡ
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˶ġ
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ؼ䣬ͻȻصЦʱƣʧ
ЦϸŵʱеƮѩԵĻѩǰı㣬ۿɼٶš
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ǰһĻ龰ס
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һǰĵ㱻Ծ綾ƣŲƵ䵽ɽҪʱ̶µ׷ɱ
һȪˮϴӣƾˮ˳£ʱеˬһƣ룬ۣ·һ̾ȥ
ಲŵԵþ׳м·ֳеľű뺷Ϣ
ꬣڵңɲһǰˡ
Ŀɨܣ΢΢һĨЦ⣬̶̧Ų뿪ʮﳤӣŴɽΧȥ

ãĴɽУ޺Хڴ˷
һľһƤܵ޺Хȴǻδţïֵܴд
ɳɳɳ
ͻȻ䣬ڲԶĴУɳɳһݣսеľ

һĺӰӴдܳ顱һڵϣľ磬ܵĹľ
ţһºϣɫɱЩ죬̶ȴתΪϲ
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Ŀ࣬ͬһͷܰȴЦ
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ĶҿЦֹ·ʲôЦ顣
㵹ڴɽھȻһꡣ
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ϡһȡ±Ľվ޸Цųȶ
Ĺƣȴη壬ľǰƣŶԷֱ˹ȥ
飡
һ죬ľͬ޸ײһ𣬴ľܵĹľӲݰڶͣͬʱһɱϢֱȥ
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꣡
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ڳŹġ
ҿѾмη壬Ƕݺݵ˵
ŲԶ΢΢ƼӰϺȻֳһ˿Ц⣬л
ô
ңҲȥġ


2 
ƬïܵĴлصվڲԶһһ£ٿʱȴżֵľ⡣
㣬㣬㡭
ԶϣȴŲ˼顣
ʱҿ壬Ҳ˼ֵ⣬һУɽסˡ
ҵţֻҪɡ
˷ŵսҸսȥ֮ʱȴݺݵ仰
ÿɷɫδκεر仯泯ȥֻⷽ¶һ˿Ц⣬ľ˵ͻȻâ¶
ô
ڿûʲôµأ
ο¡
ʱ徳صʵȴη壬Ȼǰһս֮
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ΧԵĺеϵı˪һӾ׹
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ӳֵһ˲䣬ܵĿ½ʮȣñޱȡ
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ʱԭǵĵһɱϢ֣ʹľҲøͨ͸ǰ
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ڵڣģģɢ˵ڻǵϢˬ
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ڿöЧԶô򵥡
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ꬣһΣҪú㡣
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¶ģïܵĴлУ˵ͬɽҰޣ׺Ϣ

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յسݴɽٺʲ
ɽǣܱ߼ǳصߣʱǰɽðա
󣬴ɽڣھ滨ݣΪ֮ı
һǰɽѧԺзһ
ɽѧԺǿ徳ظ֣ɱʦʦϵ󣬶ɽ
ۡ
һ񣬶ʱྭϴ߷ͣɲһСĿ
ңֻɽѧԺѧȻʵΪ徳أվĻ䣬Ϊ塣
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Щˣ겻ɢ
ĽŲ΢΢̾ϢȻƶţԱߵľȥû档

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һֱײ棬顱һ죬ľмƮƮ£Ʈ
һܿĹأһӣƤޱȡ
ľɺƵƶڿлһĹ켣ֱӵӵߣһ磬̹Ǳ䡣
ӱͻĺ룬ʶؽڿԾһ̤ؿڣ˵ɳȥײͣ¡

ʱܵĹľУȴӳӰ϶һ׺Ϣֱ
Χ֪УҲ˾ľһӣڹľƿһ˽϶ͬ㣬ɵ˹ȥ
ˡһľԺ˫صڵϣĶȴ
ǰһֽۿţվҡ
Ӱƿľƶ
л


3 
ïܵĴУɽӹɳɳڶԵøࡣ
ֻ㱣ӰӶһƤΧм䣬˫ڣá

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ڿ֪أأ
վǰ꣬һƤľǱģ󣬲Цų
ԭΪĳѾɽˡ
ȴ룬һȻֳ֡
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껺˵ͬʱһеĳɵĳˡһԵöɱ֮⡣
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飡
һ죬ľͬճײһ߾Ȼֲ¡ƣǽаŵĺضʶغ˼
ȻͣסŲٶǰͬײһ𡣵˫ʵһȼǿȻС
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״ʱˣһԵïܴ֣䣬ѿȥ
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ڴɽʮﳤһʱ䣬˿ٶȳ֣ػɽѧԺ
һΣƱĿ


4 ɽѧԺ
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Ϣĳ֣̾ɽ˲ˣ߶ȿֺŴɽ̽õͽ

ɽ·ϣ˴ҴңһЩѶĿֱָɽԾԾԡ
һԶȺԹ죬͸ı亮ȴη壬ҿ
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ԣĿʶƶƵеһö͸ľʯ档
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ϹµģϹµġ
ȥۡ
˵ʦתͷߵſڵĽػɽѧԺĴţˣҲȻһЦʦԡ

ڻֺѧԺڣǰһһľһһؽУôϤ
һʱ䣬㹻ı˵ʹܶƫĹ켣
Ȼһʱ䣬ȴָı䲻ʲô
ɽѧԺһɽѧԺû˿ı仯
˿̸պ峿·ʤַǷ
һϮۣѧԺڶԶߣжЩ棬ҲֻǵۣϾɽѧԺڣŲ֮أֹ˶ȥˣҲûԵ̫ȡ
ѧԺڵķΧȻطܱȵġ
һˣ֪ˡ
ȺУߣüͷ΢壬иֳһԲӰǹһ˿ȡ
СӣӦò̫ġ
һţһȴֿ첽ǰѧԺĳλãȥ
һƽĽ֮⣬ͣ½ŲôϤȻʱ˿̣վ飬ȴѾͬˡ
һһֻأʱǨɻصԭ㡣
ǣһЩ˻£Ƿֻԭһأ
ö֪Ҳȥ롣
ʱǰƿյĴţڵĳ辡۵ףȻһǰǰ㣬ûκεı仯
̶ͣٵ߹һ䷿⡣
飡
һ죬յĴŴ򿪣һӴӰڴϣףصܡ


5 ﵱ
˭
˭ҵΣ
Ŷ룬ͬʱ̱ڴϵһӰͻȻ˸һõ
֨֨
̳ܲסѹʵһӴӰҲ
Сӣ˭
ӵΡ
ӴͻȻһӰֱſڶ
ʱСķڣһƽض𣬹Żܵ˷

紵ֱӴĺۣ¶һɬ۵ӡ
ӣþò
˶ȭͷƿն𾢷ܿռصݵʱһͻȻ
仰ڴСȭͷ˳ֹסͣھ֮⣬һ˫С۾ֱֱضǰһˣϳŲ˼顣
㣬֡

ӵͳۻﵱлżֲ˼飬ͣڿУһ
䣬䣡
ţǿƶ׳˫ǰȰС˫ưס˫磬ʼʹҡ
㣿
û
̫ˣ̫ˡ
һҡ壬һߴ˵ޱȼ
ȿȣȿȡ
ιӣҡˣҡҾɢˡ
żֵĲǺĿ統д

ãã
Ȼֵܣ
Ҿ֪ġ
ıԹУֹͣ˶΢˺󼸲ļ˵
仰ȴüͷ壺ˡ
ôȥ¹ͷɢˡ
ʱεЦѹͼ֣С˵ⲻ̫ô
ͺãֵܡ
Щʹĸ첲˼ڴڡ
һӴӷڼһĶ档
ӣз罭ȡ󽭵ȴûжУǷֵ߲꣬·ĳ̶ȣ˿ȥޱȿࡣ
һһǰ̾
Էδκα仯ȻȴĴ䡣
ֵۣȴԵǰ԰ף˿̣˴ڶ棬Ѿˡ
ǻ쵰
ͲµĶˣֻû뵽Ȼôɡ
Ӹո£ͿڿʼȻҲΪ
ӵĻ˶٣ſʵ֪ڣںδ
һλĿꬡ
Ǹĵ޻ꬡ
ڰǰм
֮ûʲôϢˣ˵Ǹ浼ʦȥ
ʶŲŲӣԼɵĸһ㣬ɢؿ˵
÷ӵľһӶ
ǰмô
ӣּҹȻ
۾
һǰǰ浲ţȻꬾʾޣзâڸǣʧּ֮ҵıꬵϡ
ʱ䣬м츳Ҳֻϰˡ
ֵط꣬Щʲô
ߣȥȸʹ˵
ӳǿ壬ǰһѰ
ֵ꣬ԡ
Ӳδδһεࡣ
Ҳ֪һ䣬飬ܹί
ЩطǰԵǰ԰
˿̣Ψдһ

ã
ʱЦųá

յĺѣֵ꣬ǲ顣
ɽѧԺڵľƹٱһʱ󣬷Žͣ
ʱ϶˼ֳ죬ȻЩ⡣
ֵܡ
ͺãͺá
ƺã˶ԴǺ죬ͷһȴشϣһֱδſ
ţ
ͬܣ̧֣εش˷ȰСϡ
ꬣ
ȻþôڿʼһǰУҶҪû
аģս죬κμˡ
һ̣ͬλֵܣΪֻΪһ
ʱѾʱ磬Իصڣͷ˯
һʱ䣬ף˷
ԼĪһӺͻȻ䷿šžһ򿪣һѧԺװ׾ۣƮƮȫȻ仯
Ȼ߳ź󣬷罭ӴҲͻȻӴһԾ
ͬʱڷڵĳ棬һӰڻ˳
̲ȻѾˣЩɢȥҲջˡ
ӵͳڷڻصȥ
Ƿ١
ϵ΢һ٣ﵱвЩġ
ȥܡ
罭ҡҡͷſ˵
ֵܣҿףȥɣ
˿̣罭ԶպԶȥıӰɳ̾
ڿʼɽѧԺҪð
罭Цſ˵һ⣬ЦݶϲﵱУȻҲżֵڴ
̲ȥæɣ
˯Ⱦ
罭˵ӴֱͦͦصȥƬ̺ףڷڻصϡ
ǽǴĺӰվ׵ɳ̾һûǽУʧ

гδأһۣ뵽ããȺС
Ⱥٶ죬ֻǵһһɾ룬ڽ¼䣬Ѿӹһξ룬ʧԶתǡ
ѧԱֻǿһӰֻоһ紵ԣ̶ٵʧ
ѧԺڵ·ϣлڿĵ·ѸԶݶȥ
ԼĪ˽һҵʱ䣬żٶȣŵٶȡ

һһǰ
ǰһֺĽ
ֻǣˣȴѾһˡ
һߵ̾һ̧ǰ
ֺĽһһǰǰ㣬ǰ龰һһݣΪϤ龰ǰ
վס
Ҫ̧ǰʱͻȻһͺȣؾװ㣬ڶը
ͺ֮һӰȰ֣سǰ档
ֳһѳìսӿֱ
ݴʦֳڴɽ
ȴ벻ڴ߸ɽʱʦ־ȻصѧԺˡ
ˣ
˽еĳìһ࣬зһ𵴣̶

ɱ⵼ʦ㻹
ڣĿгì趯̶Ʒڣˡ
ҹ
˵ͺһŴųì˶
ߣ
ڵĹ治ɫֻǿеһͺȣԿʣ·һ˲併ʮȡ
ﬡһΧԴľϲ˪ǰָ˿ˡ
ɽȥҿɲ㡣
ɽгì仯ͬһұòֱ
ߣɱʦﵱ


6 㵽
ɽѧԺſڣͬɽ໥Գ֣ս𣬺
ʱѧԺϿεĸ߷ڣſڽţ˲һ󲿷ֵˣվһ۷׷ס
ɽĿеֵʱܵȻ˶ɾشһ۵ꡣ
ʦ֣
ɱ⵼ʦڻ
ɽѧԺͣȻûɱ

һڷ׷״Ⱥд˷ɢȥ
ֳľ˿˿ƵĺðܣڿƮ
ɽֳֳìֱָ˿ˡ

ﵱɱ
ɽǱ԰ɣ
죬ףһͺеؾףںȻը
ţн͹𣬽Ʊããݳʤ
ɽ׺һеĳì͵һ࣬ſ
徳أ
ѹָңԭҲЩʵ
һĻȻҲֳһ˿ϲɫǰƻӰ㣬ڿն
飡
ţӰײһ𣬳ìľײڰա
͡
һɺŷڵһöڿתŷ̶ͬʱһƬ
ˣ
ǰһ󲽶ڵϣеһͺȡ
ţֱǰȥƮƮľʱȴ㣬ͬһ˳ìײһ𣬷졣
ìɾһ𣬿ٵغɳȥڿתһԲȦ켣ײڵϣ塱һЩֶ
ͬʱɽ壬ҲվɫѾ˼ֵĲ˼顣
꣡
ľӶڿл¹켣磬ΧȺе̹쳣׶̹ǰ㴩


һ˳ɽɫòһ޺㣬һìᵲ
˿̣ɽ˫Ѫͺһͷŭޣضǰ
һ˲ɽ˫ϥ΢͵һ˲䵯ȥųìϮ
ʦ֡
գ
ͬʱҲ֮ɽдֱ

ľͬìײȴĽĦ˵ĹĴصԶȥȺм۷׷ס
ľͬɽĳìԿһʱ侹Ȼǲ¡
ʮ˵ΧУ˷УѾʮΣ൱ʤδ֡
ӰһٶȲеľ仯Ȼ˳ųìһתڿлһԲľջصһ˲ٶϮ顱һƮƮľֱײڳìϡ
ء
ͻĳɽֻһˡ
ƾڵʵ
ɻסң
һľŵĺڿнӴ͡
ʱϹЦ⣬ΧЩ˿ȴ˼ֵĿ־塣
Χ۵ˣЩ˻ǳһǰʾ޵ĳһˣȻӡ̡
ȴ룬ԭΪﱻϣӴ伣ʱһ֮󣬾Ȼ³ѧԺڣ徳صʵܹ徳صɽΡ
һЩԭ֮ģڲ֪ʧҲûгֹ
Ȼһʱ䣬ԲƵ֮ʱĳһ³ǰʱȴǰҫۡ
ȺУм˵ĽŲ΢ˣؽȺУؾ۵꣬кżֵη塣
£ŴһľڣŽŲǰƶ
ס֣
ɽҵʱ򣬺Ȼһ
㣬ڶըĶҲʶͣסվܡ
ΧЩȺУͻȻֿһɿͨмⲽȽ˵Ĺע
ִӣ
Ǽʱüͷһ塣
ѧԺڣֹ˽¶Ź
⣬ʦ֣м飬Ҫ֤
Ϊ׵һɫ緢ɾ䣬һѴ󿳵ɨͺȳ
ִӵˣĻ찡
Ǿ仰ȴҲ֮С
ǲҲȥġ
ɽͣƬ̶̣ƿִӼڵλá
߰ɣ
֪ʲô顣
仰ͷҲصȺȥִӵǼߣҲЩ޿κΣͣ˼ӺҲͬȥ
ȥɽİߣųſڵһŽƽϢԭһȺҲٵɢȥ

ԶһׯµĽǽְͨɫͬܵĽ룬ԶԶȥѹȸУһֱͷж˼ַơ
ѧԺִڡ
ɽѧԺߵȼԼۺϿ˵ȼɷΪм߼Ӣ
ÿһִиԵִӣͨԱգӳȴоӢֱִܶ
˿̣ׯµִˣʮٴУɢһԲȦһӰΧ롣
еı
־ܡ
ʮ˵УΪ׵һӸߺȳﵱгŨŨв֮⡣
ȻݹҲ
ΧܵЩִӶԱһеıУͣ
ճһˣ˿¹ȻҲҴ⣬ֻԶԶվš
˵ˣ⵼ʦɱġ
ǣ˼޻ҡ
һȺ˻ؿԼɫ΢Եǵͳд
һǰˣһĽ죬Ҳˡ
ҵĴ𰸣κα仯
˿̣һľ֣žƮƮ泯ǰΧܵЩӰĿⲢδκα仯
ꬵָʹ˶ӲĻ

㵽ס
䲻˿дһտĴڻصϣЩɫ仯ǰ
ִڣһЩԱҲһǰһĻȻҲǰ˵Ŀ֮
ƾ徳صʵʱɱ⵼ʦִ׷ɱ
ƾһˣֱӽжԱܣм߼ִӣδ¡
ֱ󣬻ǾӢһλԱ֣Žס
ɱѧԺʦⱾȷ򶾵ٵһȴ˺ۣӡ
ȥѧԺʱ򣬸ǷͣȽɽԴʧ
ȴ벻һ֣ǰ㾫ʾޣҫޱȡ
ĻڿտĴڻصƾƣһʱ侹ȻִӵڶԱס
ȫžִһڸ֣ľ׮վˣš


7 Զ
һʱ䣬տִڣֻڲϻصΧܵ˶Уؾװ㡣
ʮִӶԱվЩ
һǰΧ׷ɱĶԱ˿Ҳ֪ǰ˵ĿֲһҲɴ⡣
ǲ˼
һǰ⵼ʦ֮
Ҫһġ
ִУΪ׵һЦ˵
ԱΧŵһȺִӶԱһӶбнգڣƣҲˡ
ֻǳĬеıУܡ
Ϊ׵ִӶӳɫЩǽţҲЩ仯Ȼƽ֡
ʦ֣⵼ʦܹ֮Ĳԡ
ȻһǰҲܹͷŭϢԡ
Ҫóġ
Щεؿ˵Խ棬ҲԽᡣ

˿̣ЦЩ
һǰִϣ򶾵ҵ
һ
ޱƬػصִӵˣǾվţҴ𻰡
ɽѧԺ׷ɱ
Ҫһ
ᶨը죬Ƭвϻصþòɢ
һЩ½ִӶԱЩͷҴ𻰡
飬Ҳ˵ȻҲס
֮λ޴ǣ
ɨܣͬʱҲڴ˴صܡ
ˣЩִΪ׵ӣҲԵЩΡ
ʦ֡
˷ΪҲŪһǰ顣
¡
ӵ΢ƽԭĴӿɱ⣬Ҳ
һжȵʦǰᡣ
Σ
ģ˵Ҳƽ
δκαʾֻǾվĬֻϵƣڽð
ʱһеĵһ飬Ϊıһǰԩ
ã
΢΢ףһͳ


ΧִܵӶԱԶغһ˼֡
ȻֻǶţǶиܵϴƣǰǿ󣬻гű̹ǵĺ⣬ȻʮͬţжһָоûκȡʤĻᡣ
һӣԭŵĴձȻ˴ɽǱɱ⣬ȴࡣ
ડ
ͻȻ䣬һٵĽŲſڴƬΪ
ڳĿ׷׾£ȥԶſڣˡ
һ꣬棬ⲽ룬˵Ŀ⡣

껺̤ʱԭΧԵʮִӶԱɹس˵
Ϊ׵꣬ϵıù죬ڰɨӣƬ̺󷽲΢΢һŰ깧ؽһ
˵ΧУڽŲʱҲʶתͷȥһ˵ʱɱõͳ
ء
һĵͺĿдƬ

ɰ
ش˿ãЦڴڴ
˶ڴɽ
˶ȥ㣬ȴ벻Ѿ»صѧԺˡ
벻벻
¶һĨЦ⣬𽥱Ϣͬһͷް㣬ֱ
ס
ɱ⵼ʦݺӢѧԱ
ȲͬΪּ֮ˣҲ
һͺȣװ㣬ͬʱеĽճҲ仺𣬻жص
Ȼػ£ǰ֮ȴִӵʮվԭأ
ô
ִӵĴڣΪıάѧԺȶ
˶ɱʦ񼫡
ѵǶ׼ͬıɣ
˵صܻصͣòɢ
ǲ
Ϊ׵һͣڵ

㣬һס
ش£һԾֱ
Ǵ˿صĶҲСڴɽһο֮һηСġ
ңʮִӶԱڣȻ޾壬ڼʱ򣬱䷢ҵĹ
ճӹգءĵͳڿлһƬ⣬ӹգ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ƿգطƬĴصͣ
ߣ
أ㻹ǲ
ؿĹȴˣһͳееľһӭȥ
ƮƮľʵű̹ǵĺƵĻӶٻգԶ˲Զȥ
˵һεľһزδͬԿԽճطȴӲն¡
Ȼаҵľ룬ȴɸо󺮷̹ǣֱŶ
ৣ
һתб̳ȥͬʱ͵
ʱ糱һƬ磬ֱȥ
㣬ס
صͺ󣬲ϳܡ
ΧִܵӶԱһЩ֪롣
ԥƬ̺󣬱Ųǰ˷ΧȥеıУֱ˹ȥ
˿̣ȻеĹȴֱ˺ţѨߣȴδ˺˿
Χ֮䣬ͬսХײڻص
տִڣ󴫳ͬսΪҡ
ЩִӶԱȴԶԶվţֻ̧еıװѣδع
ȻѾ徳أǶƣȴһءرͶ䣬б̹ǵĺк棬һմȾȥƤ÷飬ֱ裬ͣ
飡
˫ײҵײڰպ˶ȥԷ񶼳Ž䱸

ؿккǣֱ裬Ʒ顣
ͣ󣬱˴Զȥ˴ͣҲ˼ֽ䱸ɫ
ΧܵЩִӶԱ˵һҲ˶ȥĲ͡
ǰƲɵսһЩңûͬս
Ϊִӳأж˿ѰԱʵֿԣ
ߣ
ؿдŴؿڽƽϢ֮󣬿еһͳĺ
λһͬ
ס
ĿɨִڶԱͳĺ
ԣɫ䱸еľҴ⡣
ʱִſڣͻȻִһĽŲͬʱһƽͻȻ˵Ķ߻ص
ִӣѵˣ
רԶٲɣ


8 һ˵
һִڻصͣﵱгϣڳ˷׷ײĿȥ
ʦ
ʦ
˳ִ֣ӵˣأһ˵
ɢһӰſڽֳһӣһɫۣüͷִ߽ڡ
ִˣôִģ
ߡ
Ϊʦӽ󣬼˽Χģһ
վȺУӣԭޱɫ滺
棡
벻Ȼ
ˣаһ˵ĳ֣ǳ֮⡣
ȻҲûԤϵֳֽ֣ճվɫԵЩη塣
һλʦȻҲЩη
ΣܹɽѧԺѧԱ
߽ۿЩӰػص
һʱ䣬ִڵڶѧԱһҲվﲻ׳
徳صʵѧԱһһĸ֣ѧԺʦȴ㲻ʲô
ִڣţҲֻվΡΡվ׳
泤ۼ壬Į·ܺɫĽںһ㣬͸žǧ֮Ϣһɫĳδϻӣűɷ

´棬һ̾дϵɫ
ǾӢĵʦִܸӣɽѧԺڣҲھ߸߲㡣Ϊ˸Ǹ˵˽ѧԺڼ˸ǡ
һȺվС棬ҴϢһ
ʱһһƣϢѹȫصϢķ·㣬ͷҲ׳
ԼĪһҵʱ䣬ִĴźȻִһŲһԼĪʮҵӼҴҵ
֪ʦˡˡ
˵һ۱㿴վ͸űϢ棬¼æ̬ȼΪ
־ףִӣѵԽԽûˣ
ߣ
£һߴĿеһ˦ڿзһ죬в¶š
־׵һĨһѶͷϵ亹ս˵
ңҡ
ִӣҲֻǷ°ˡ
أǻ£
־ͷ̶תͷŲԶص˵ͺȳ
վԭأȻвʣҲû취ĵʦ־׶ˣȻû˵ĵط
ԭһһеĳзһߣת첽ȥ
ټִڣ˲ֻʣ¼ִԱվڵУ־վһԣս
ң
ҿǣǺܸҰ
תͷܣҲõͳ
£ǳִӣͲòˡ
ѧԺԻᴦ
ɨͣվӰϣƽض־˵
ǣǡ
ȫƾʦ
־ͷ̬ޱȹ
ִڣֻ־ͬĵĶԱվ
ιСӡ

Ȼ䣬תͷϣ˵
Ծһеļ̌ȥ
벻һǰŪôĶ
ɽѧԺڵѧȻС
ȴһȣ˿Իţ治ɰ̾
һǰɽѧԺ췭ظ˹Ŀ࿴
˴һԵһ˵

濴ǰɬ꣬ɱмֵο
ԩݺʵҲա
˷ضһ
˶ѧԺʧһţǾ̫ϧˡ
˵һ٣ﵱҲżϧ
ŴԣΪˣд󶨣д˳Լһԩضܹϴ塣
£һϲŲԶ棬س˵
ˣлʦ
Ļȴֻ΢΢ֻ֣Ƕ˵һ޷
˽δִͣŲִ߳ں
Ȼ־׵ϴżֲʣѹȴҲû˵ʲôֻ粻֪ʲô

ִѧԱĿͶż־
Ȼ»صѧԺڣҲٲ֪󲿷ֵ˶һ֪
˿̣棬һ꣬ɫƽؿܣ˵ĺ档
ʦĺ棬˭
Ѳɣѧɣ
Ƕûʦѧİ
ѵǸյģ

һ·ϣˣŸ۷׷ףżֵʡ
󣬲һһܵҲţɫƽ糣
ȥ𽥼٣ЩҲʧ
·Թ죬΢ɳɳڶ߻صܡ
಻һȣڱΣסеգޱˬ
ȵľͷһֺĽɫǽڣҫԵý̻ԻͣԶȥͺһƽ𹬵㡣
Ӣ
û뵽ֱӵˡ
ǰһлȻͬʱԭЩĵҲ
ͲϳԱĸˡ
һ·ǰһδ룬Ҳһƫڡ
ڸߴΰ̻Ի͵Ĵһ࣬һͨڣׯµƫǾӢִڡ
һ·ǰδһ仰ֻнŲڵϣ΢ڻ
·ҲܵĻȾ˷·ĳϢţƽнз·ѹһʯͷ㣬Ϣ
ડ
ડ
ĽŲڴȻشܣڿտĴڻصϡ
䡭
һŶ룬عӵͳشܣƬϲɣĿռڻ
ӢִĴʯţȴƾһֻ֣ޱȵƿԳʵ
󣬼Ķϲδ¶̫ȵɫֻ΢΢һüͷˡ
߽һɹϲɣϢϮлżɰڿϣһֱܵĿռ䵱Уɢȥ
˽ʱ򣬿ŵֱ˶еϢ˲ϣԡ
̧۴ܣӢִڳִ˵ͬܵĽԵúΰ࣬װκųصϢ
ʱȴԹԵ߽ڴ
λѾˡ


9 
ĻӴִ𣬻صϡ
ڴͬʱǰͬ
ʱŷ֣һտĴڣֱżӰԱһɺӰƣӰƮ죬ֳ
ţ
滰µͬʱټִڣֻһͳڶ߻ص
ȫһɳص·һ޷ѹͷһ㣬˵ĺЩ

ڰеļӰɫ䣬ֻغһ
ʱڵһöУ񱻴߶ת֫ٺжźȫѪҺٶƽܶһɺֿ˷Ϯǿѹ
ȻŲƥеĶ֣Ȼɫ糣û˿ı仯
ȲľϷΪ
ǡ
ϵżֲɣĺڰлƬڻصϡ
֪
ȻһϵδµʱͻȻһͳıͬ𵴶Ƭռ䵱лصϡ
һͺȣͬذ㣬ڶԻصϡ
ִڵĽصһȣڴ˾Եׯ£ͻأı£Ѱ̱ڵء
Ȼʱ˿̣ȴ治ɫֻǾվһƬȻͦε壬ͬΡɽ㣬κεҡΡ
֪
ֳϣк
治ɫվֱԶڵĿռ䣬ƽ
ִڣصһ

ϣĻºǺӰУһȴȻ𣬱ü쳣ƬкȻ
ĳͬأ·һ˲ֱ
治ɫվɫȻؿܣȴŲʣɫȻ糣
ʶ
˷ǰΪıǽ顣
ǰǲϵȻ˲ʧȫüžޱȣǵ𱸵˶ͣ
һԲվн󣬲ЩۻƳ̧ǰǰЩֵ
ǰǰſӰе׺һ
Ժ˾
Ӣʦʶ
ӢһˣҶݡ
ֻһۼ򵥵ɨͿڵӰе׺һ΢΢³һ
˲ֻ࣬˶ѣ棬Ҳֻˡ
ڳˣȴѧԺһһľ߲㣬ɽѧԺĸ߲㡣
󣬲һԣֻǻǰ
˿̣д󶨣Ȼȫʧ⼸λ棬һǰһ£ضܹˮʯ
ڵĴڣׯ£ѹֵ˺ϢտĴڣֹδκε
ʱϢ󣬾еߣɽѧԺԺ˾ɷһ̾Ϣ
һǰʦѧԱɱһȫǣܱ߳С
ɽѧԺɲصʧ
˾ϵڻִڻĴص
ԣǲԼͬصͷ
оΣʦɱһѾҶɽѧԺɼӰ졣
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˾ͳƬռ䵱
һǰȫƾʶºϷҲжš
ʲô𣿡
˾ܿռ䵱лصʳ
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ǰ˵ޱȹ

صִӴĹ㳡ڣؾ
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
ҲʶͻȻȳװ㣬ڿбƳһߣֱڣ춯ѡ

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ʶ߳˲ͬ˰ѹֱ
˿̣վǰȴǰһһգžһʶϴƣһ˲ȫʧ
һ
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һǰĳͷԶԶ
ʶ߳ͻȻվĳ޷Թģڶ𶯲ѣ£·Ҫѹ
ʶʱߣԺ˾΢΢ֹ̧֣
ʶ
¡
Ժ˾ʶҲҴ⣬ȻΣȴֻܵӦһȥ
ʶشϢȫžúٶȳ˵
ʦʦ
һǰʦѧϰʦҪͷʱ¯ը⵼ʦɵ
д£
ʶгϣ˿顣
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Ʋˣ泯ʶ죬û˿ı䡣
һǰѧȷʦѧϰ֮
Ǻ浤¯ըʦɣѧһŲ֪
˵ע£̸ƽ˵ûһ˿⡣

ɱ⵼ʦꬣأ֤
ѵƱ粻ɣ
ʶͺһƽؾܻصȥ쳹ϡ
ֵʦ
Ƕˣۼѧ¯̶ɱ⵼ʦģ
˿ˣʱʶδ˿ľ⡣
иԺ˾ӢһҶݣӢʦڴˣȻη塣
ˣԼҲƫ̻ʶ
㡭
ʶȻҲû뵽Ȼݣɫ죬һʱ֪α
վɫδ˿仯ֱʶ˿ˡ
һǰѧԺִִΪı
ΪΪεʱûб⣬Ĭˡ
һ仰סʶɫ粻Ȼʲôϵıе
һʱ䣬ȫž˵Ŀⶼϡ
ǰȻΪʱΪβ⣿
ʶ֮⣬Բûб⣬ǱĬˡ

ͻȻ䣬ԭվЦѧԺ߲ע£ԹԵشЦЦ޼ɵΪţ
жΪͻȻЦʶɫҪͺȳ
ȻʱĴЦֹͣ
ֵʦ
һΣ˼Ϊĳƺ
֮λ޴ǣЩ㲻᲻ɣ
ңʱִֵģֵʦ㡣
һѧѧԺִӣη
ô
˵ϵЦ⣬·𶼱Ｄң̶
ļ仰ͽʶֱסƿԡ
㣬㡭ʶŭģЩߡ
ʶ˰죬һתֱ˵
Ȼ˵
⵼ʦڣֵ򶾵
νͣ
ⷬʶ˺Ȼ·ϱŵһаʹжһ»ָгģ
˿̣˫΢Уֱһһǰһͬʱаңҿֵʱôһ֣ȻĻ汻Сӷ

ʶ仰£˵˲ۼˢˢͣϡ
Ȼһ㣬Ҳ൱ɻ
˱ĿעУͻȻЦˣЦɣЦкɣĪ
λʦЦ⽥ŨҲǼö򶾵
Ƶġ


10 츳
ȫžֻƬտĴڻ𣬴ܡ
ڵִڣȻþһƬ棬˾ʶҶݣ˶Ĭһʱɫؿ
ȿȣ
˵
ɵĲкֵǼö򶾵
Ƶģ
ΪԺ˾ķӦҲǼ죬˼󣬲ɽüͷʵ
զϢлЩ˼顣
ǰ꣬˿̲ʮˣһǰʮꡣ
ʮͣƳ򶾵ϢҲ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ɽѧԺľӢѧԱΪһʦģҲ˰ˡ
еľӢ츳ţʦģȴʮˣʮˣΪɽѧԺѧԺϧķؽϣĽ̵ѵΪȥܡ
ɽѧԺʦԴҲΪϡ٣ܹ˰ˣѧԺķѴȫġ
ˣʦɣѧԺһƬȻ
ⲻһ֣һʦѧԺ˵ʧǲġ
һҲԲΪһǰִ׷ɱʶΪףֱӸϳѧԺѧԺŷͣû˷Եԭ
ѧԺĵʦʦ䣬ҲΪʹģҲʧһʦ
ԣһҲˣһ
ڣһǰȴǴͬ
򶾵ǳǰɬֵ֮Ļ츳ֽǺεȵĳڣ
˾ʻֻ΢΢صͷ˵
ǡ
¯ըΪûպû򣬶ġ
ڶɱʦ֣롭
ˣ
仰£ϵͻȻ䷢ŷ츲صı仯ʱﻹһɬ꣬˵ĵһоͺһͷƴҰޡ
㣬ƨ
ʶ˿ҲӦպ仰ɫǵͨ죬˿Ҳ˲ʲô󣬿ʼͺȳ
ƾ㣬Ƴ򶾵
һһǰǲżꣿ
ʮꣿ
˵ʶУ˼ֵЦ
ʮͣƳҩ򶾵
ѧԺһʦӴˣҲû츳ɣ
ʶȳһͬеصܡ
ɣҲҪسһ㣬һ㣡
ʶУһ˿Ц⡣
ȻУƽ˵һֻΪԼϴһɣڰˡ
ʶΪǼִڻصϣ˾棬ҶݵˣǾض
Ƕף˵仰ĻôɽѧԺ»һǰ޹˺ߵʦ
ߣѧӦȥˡ
ΪϴԼȻʼ
ʶЦ棬һҲѾ뿪λ̽һֻݻƵƣն̽
ȻһҪץסֱӶȥ
ѧͷ·ǲһ㣬ͬϼ壬емֵĳ衣
ֵʦ
Ϯľ磬治ɫֻǻ˵
ֱͬ˹ųۺڷƮݵ趯ţ˿̲ˣ˵
ǲŵĻ
ҿԵƸ㿴
㾲
˵ǰһ仰ǿԴлɣŵĻôһ仰ȴǳޱš
˾УϾϲӣϵӣڸǲס֮ɫ
ҶһԣƵƵĿϡ
ɫ糣ֻӰ΢΢ǰһ
ʶ彩Ӳڰգ֣̽Ѿ˦ۣҪĴˣʱֹסͣڰһ
ʱɫŤϼŤ΢ţһֻӬһֻ
վɫƽˮû˿Ĳ
򵥣Сӣ򵥰
˾УǡĿֱؿȥͬ߶ײһ
ΪԺ˾ԲʶǼᶨ糣УԷ֡
ԣ
ûдﵽܹƳ򶾵ĳ̶ȣ·ϣضҲв츳
Ȼš
˾ͷǵ˫һֱǰǾǣԳȵϡ
˿̣зǰңһ츳׵ʦ
ƣ
仰ʶǰһ·ץʲôѱһ
ǾңİϷ
ҵǰɱʲô
ʶͻȻ˵ȥ
ۿƣ
˵ţʶѾŲˡ
ҲԱߣһϷӣ˾Ѱ಻סˡ
һˣȥ⣬ɽѧԺĸ߲㣬һЩȨܹıɽѧԺķչ켣
˿ȴɫҴң·Ͽ߹ܹѧԱƵƵĿЩ˿еʱ򣬷·ʲôæȥҪȥ֤ʲô
Щǿ֣ۼɫѼֲ֣˵Ѿľˡ
ٶ죬һΪ˲䶯һҲǼ֤е롣
һҵʱ䣬Ĵűһš¡һ߿δ˳ԱԹʱһ߾ڵسˡ
ӣأ
ҹ
һ˾ǲϵʹ˿ȫȻѧԺԺ
һʱ䣬ȻЩڶѧԱߣֵҪԳ˸ȥڼ˾رּ棬ʶҶݵ˸һΨΨŵŵҴ˵
ˣѧԺھԵĸ߲㣬Ū׳죬¶û˸˵ʲô
˾ʱ򣬾Ѿǰȥˡ
ˣǾֱ룬Щ˵ȥ
ʱԭƽݵ˲䱻ؼȮڶ
˾ǰͨѧԱھӢѧԱʦֻЦǰ·
˭ܿʱ˾˱ضޱȽȻû˸Ҵùͷ

ôû
⵼ʦǱġ
һΣһҪ⵼ʦ𡣡

Ǿ˾˵齹ǰܿ죬һЩм꣬һŭﵱжŭ𣬸мҪ
ЩʦѧԱܶ˶⵼ʦѧиȻʱֺȻ֮зŭޱȡ
ȻΧԣЩѰѧԱ֮У˾ˣһֺװιӵƫС
ţ顱һĴűصعȥͬʱдӲԶҴҸѧԺһʦӡ


11 ¹
ֺĴڣһɹӲɣϢܵǽڳְɫȥ£Ѿá
ڴǽϣһɰϢһƹâڼ˸
֮עȾܵǽ棬һд
ţȴ֣ڣǽڶǱķšڴĵλãһķʱ˸ҫ۶ĿĹ⻪
Ӧ棬õˡ
´а
ҲȥװΣԶݻǽϸŵ󷨷ģԳڲͬ
Ĳǻ¯Ƿ󣬶ĳɹʣҲдߡ
۵
´˾˾һԵʱԭȽŵĴͻȻ䱻򿪣һӰ𼱻ǵ˽
˾ͷȼߵ
˽Դ룬˶Ҳе𡣡
һӰʱ򣬾ڶžе˾
һۣЩƾɣЩף룬ԲϣȴӰ㣬ڶէ졣
ʵƶˣɽѧԺһʦӡ
Ƿ˾ԺҲҪ˱ᣬҴ֮â
ͷȱŷ𡣡
Źһʱ˾ϷǸֳһ˿Ц⣬첽ǰԡ
գȽһá
˾ỺսӶ˵
ʱ򣬹ĴҲվһԲԶ棬ʶҶݵˣȴֱӱ˹ȥ
ڳĶѧԺ߲㣬һܹ꣬ĳλĵӣҲûжʡ
һã
˾Ļ֮󣬹ӲɽüͷͷɴΣɨܡ
ĸܹ
ҼǵãҶСӿҪﵽʦ⣬ɶûһ츳ġ
ɨһȦЩɻ˵ҶСҪطǡ
һǼ˶ɫ仯ҶվһԣҲҳȻвãŹӣҲҷԡ

ͷ
˾ϵЦݺȻЩǸҶСõġ
ǣõġ
˵Ż˾ǰָվ಻Զһؾ۵ϡ
ʲô
ҵİɣ
Сӣʮѡ
˾Ļ˳ָϵʱ򣬹ͱˣﵱк
֣ȫ֡
СӲŶ󣿡
Ǹ߼Ǻ֡
ŭ壬дڻص
ŭ˾ϣҲЩҲסֻεظЦ˼ǽȴǰڹӶߵＸ
˾ԭ˵Ļһֲ©ضŹظһ顣
ʲô
һǰѧ
򶾵
˾Ļû˵ʱ򣬹ӺȻȳ˫˿ȴżֵĹ졣
ȻĻȫŵġ
ҲţʮͣƳҩ򶾵
ԣҲǺõġ
һ
˾δ˵ʱ򣬾ͳԵͺûһ
˾ͷʮĶʦ𣿡
˵棬ӺʶزȥͬһģʮͣƳҩ
˵츳ӡ
һ㣬ǲԸȥϵġ
վһԣʱһͳɫû˿ı䣬ֻУȴǸпǧ
һǰڣƳ򶾵ȴ˰㣬ʦɣԼ˼޻
˷򶾵Ķҩҩڵﱻ٣ơ
һˣипǧػصһǰĸо
ͬʱаġ
һǰ򶾵
һĽ죬򶾵档
¹
ⷬȴаģ¾ġ
˼ƮɣԷĵʱ˾ӵƺҲ˽ͣ
ʱڣӣ˾棬ʶҶ˵ߣؾۼԼͬͣϡ

ˣرѧԺڵĸ߲㣬ʵǿߣ츳ףɽѧԺһʦоӢһˣЩעӹкȻĪЩ
һصĵ׺£езƣԭĽţһȫʧƬС
Ǳ˽ţ治ɫ̬ŵĽҲһŰˡ
ϡ
Ǳ㣬ͷˡ
˵ϵʱδȥ泯Źӣ˵
һԭлԹĹӣеĲ˲ʧ˴롣
費
Ȼû츳Щ·񣬱˾塣
Ȼ˾ͷƼ
Ҳþܾ
ݽһá
м㻹Щۣ˿ȴδֳ΢΢ף˵
ͬʱҲЩڴ˾ԣʮͣƳ򶾵Ļôӵ츳Ǻεȵľס
лŵʦ
һεؾϹ̬ޱȹ
һ֮תŴģȥ
ĽŲڿտĴ𣬴ʱӰڳ˵ע⡣
мһӴķԱվ´ţа̾
ȻΪһʦӵڷԱߣڷһŴиָߣһӦȫ
ǽڣһӴعӣһСӣעŶӦ֣һЩҩģ涼ٳ֡
ҫ۶ĿķԱߣһŴ׳ڷŵߣЩǼδ
վ˵Ϣ·ȫԭ޼ɵѾ־ŵĸоҲȻȫʧ
ˣǰ󼸸䣬ͱȫž·ͺһʯ㣬ΧĻš
Զһ״̬󣬲΢΢ףḧ°͵ĺ
ࡣ
ľҲѵá
һеڴСŪʲô
̾˾Ҳ¶ЦݣһֱվԵʶȴһƽκα仯
岻ɽڹӵ˵ȻҲδţǰ磬ֻʣһſĳвԶɢŹâķԼڷģǳ仯ĵ¯

һȻдϢƽ
Ȼ䣬˫ֻ̧ڿлһޱȵĹ켣
Զӣ˾ˣסֱӹгڴ


12 һ
ڣˮɫƽ糣˿ȥ˵Ŀ⡣
˫ڿлȻȻشһ켣Ʊ仯죬Ϣ䣬ͻգͬ񶯣
ǽӴĹӲϿϣһζζҩٳ֣ĵУذڷǰһų档
Ыβ߶ѩꡭ
˫ֻȡĶһЩ綾ҩģȴɫ糣·Ѱһ㡣
飡
˫ѹһͨɫһֲ߳䣬ƽذڷǰĳ档

ʱһ󳤳ĺĿ³ȵǰһ״ʧ
һɫ򶨣̧˫֣ɨ㣬Щҩץ𣬷һЩ棬ѹ⣬飬ǵȡ
˾ӵվԶһֱӹĶ
ͬʱӻڲʱͷĶϵϳ⡣
˵Ķ΢ѹӰ쵽
һվƼΪƽȣЩҩ໥䣬ںϣȵڻһ
˽ʱҡʱڣʼն߶ȼУЩ綾ҩĲϵš
͡
УŸָҩļ룬綾Ĳںһγݶ飬һŰð𣬼̶ʧ
Щ綾ҩĵںϣɫκεı仯˫ֿٵƶеҩ㵹һ
ԭȣӵǴɣЩʱƣӣҶݵ˵ɫر仯
Уֻˣż裬ҹӸɽѧԺĵһʦ۽Ȼ
˾Ա߿ţȻĶַǿŹͬҶ˵ı飬ۻҵĶҲЩ
ֻʶвϹ۲˵ɫ仯üͷ壬ɫ𽥱
ӣ˾⼸˵ķӦǼΪԣŵĻôǰĹ򣬶һ
˵ķӦЩҩĵԼĪʱ֮󣬺Ȼ佫һЩɫҩںϣĳڣһ
ţ
һĻӲɰü
򶾵䣬ֶкͣҪһʱʱ䡣
£Űʱѡ
üв⡣
Աߵ˾ȴǵȻһЦָǰʾӼۿ
ʱһУԭ鸡ھз棬һӰƵĵ¯ڿƶǰĳ档
˿ûд⣬ڵ¯ڷȶ֮С̧һɫӵĶϣ㵹¯֮ڡ
両
ɫĻӣӴע룬밵ɫĵ¯Уˮ
Һ御ȥʱ򷽲ųغһĲ裬뵽һҲҪһ
ơ
¯Ŀڷס鲢δ©֮ڣŷ
˫ŵ¯΢֣΢һʱ¯֮ͬ㣬̶ڷλãһεţ֣¯޹ת
վڲԶžеǸ¯۾һ߶ȼУЩͳ
ͬʱӣ˾ˣԶԶţͬסδ
ʱһһعȥھһƬе·ŵ¯ʼƵʱ򣬾ʧ
ڣеʧֻʶվһԽбŲԶ۾˫תĥʲô
ƽǰһ¯ҩغǰ;غףûзһɫȻδһ˿һĽš

֪֮һĿд
ڣһ¯ڿתûκι켣ԣֻתٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ
վԶĹӣ˾ˣ׷̧ۿɫҲЩ
㶯Ƕף˴Ѿβ
һס˫ǰеһ¯棬ƽ
ûôţֻ˫۽ǰʱעһ¯
͡
飡
ԭǵ¯ڿٵת̶ڶߴȻ䣬һֹסڸתĵ¯Ҳ֮ͣ
ɲǼ䣬˵Ŀ⣬׷׾£ͣһĵ¯档
ڣɹˡ
ڵ¯ֹͣʱ¶һ˿Цݣﵱгš
û˵ɣǺˣֱ˵ɹ
⣬ǾԵš
ɹ


϶ڴʩչӰٵشԶ˹뷨ڵλá
ڣڵˣ˫һ¯Ϣó
ɫĵ¯Կŷӵ·ŹӵϢͨðڿȴ͡ڶ
ףΣ
򶾵ˣ
ǹӣ˾Ҷݣ棬ʶˣжԼͬðͷ
ʱνǼ临ӡ
һ棬ǲʮͣƳҩ򶾵
һ棬ϣܹɹ
ʮĶʦԳΪһҫ۵ǳΪš
һˣ˵Щڴ
ڹӵǰڴɫȴδйĽޱŵվ
飡
ڣڴĿ⵱Уǰɫĵ¯Ȼ䷢һ죬¯Ȼ򿪣һɽζ˲֣ܡ
һŨ֣ӵ¯ð̶ɢܣΧ¯ȫֽȥ龰ɼ
ôˣ
ôˣ
˶˵ʶüͷ壬ʳ
Ȼʻȴδ˻شֻпУƯŵĽζܵɢȥ
ʶվüͷڰ˼š
Ȼ䣬һȣд쳹󵨡
֪
ʦͼӱ𡣡
ʶװ㣬Ƭռ䵱лصͣЪ
һǰɱ⵼ʦڶർʦʹùӵʦ
ҹ
УһɽζøŨǰɫɢȥڵ¯λãԿһڵ״ʶиƶ˴ʧܶա
ˣø޼ɵ
˫̽ĵгͣĶų۷Ե𶯣жץȥ
һ·Ҫ˺㡣
Ǿڴ˿̣ʶң󣬶һɱ亮˪Ϣƹȥ
ͬʱӱ䲻˿ͬԵٰ㣬ʶ
ҿҹ
Ƴ򶾵
һļƷ


13 ŵ
ӵĻǵͷȣֱʶĶը죬·ͺ㣬ڼٻص
տžĴڣֻйӵ㣬ʼص

ͻȻһĿֱʶҵ˾棬ĹӣʶжżֵĮȻ
ҹ
µͬʱӳԣƹֿ˦ֱ˦գžž
䡱һ촫һ罭ӹ㣬ֱϮʶڵλá
ţ͵һ˦ľ羹Ȼֱӽʶɨ˦Զ˶ȥ
ʶҲѧԺʦʵȻͻ徳ﵽڣҪͨˡ
ǣŹһʦһͨǿߣʶûκ赲Ŀܡ
ֻ¡һʶӴͺҶ㣬ľ͵شطȥ

ͬʱһԵ˾Ҳһ˦ۣзһ˿⣬ոסӰʶٶƷɳȥ
Сӣﰭ¡
ʱӣ˾˵עϣﻹʶֻǰҽУİ¡
ʶһ˦֮˵Ŀϣ׼ȷ˵ԽӰ򿪵һ¯档

飡飡
˾ӣ棬ҶݵˣסеļǰԼͬضһ¯
ããİɫɢϡͣ¶˰ɫĵ¯гһɽζȴ˿赲˵Ķ
ӵһǰһԽڵ¯ǰ
ˣҲǰעڵ¯档
ڳĵ¯Уһ̱ǵĽζš
ǻǵ˫˿ȴһƬɫ죬˫ֶЩ
ʱ˾棬ҶǰҲվܣͬһڵ¯档

ۣ͵һһԭܵİâ˲䱻ɢ¯ڵ龰ø峺
һöԼĪС㣬ںһŵĶȥͼΪѰΪʧܣϳɲѡ
ʱ˿̣ȴɫ򶨣ỺҴ⣬һһ͸С
˫̽Ĺâиֳ˫Ƽ䣬ĿƶһźںĶ档
ʱһ΢һźںĶ£ӵ¯зӳڹһĿ£鸡ڿУֻǷһ΢


Ϊһк󣬹غһڳ˵ĿⶼǰɫҲԵЩ
ȻԼżţһĻܵĻȾ£ȻҲЩһصĺлܡ
˿̣˵ĿⶼۼڰյУһźɫ嵱С
Ŀע£ӰһźɫĶھƯת
Ȼ䣬Źһӣһǿȥԭ鸡ڰյеһźɫ壬˿һٵذ䣬ɫ£ڰյУȴڿٵʧֻһĹӰڰյС
ŵĺɫ䣬һУҲ˳һöӨ͸ĵҩ𽥳֡
ʱҩ磬ڿкʻŰ㣬ٴܸ뵵ܣҩƢĿ
˻
Ҷ͵һűϢΧŵһζˬҲżֵĲ˼顣
ⵤҩ򶾵
ʱҶٶ̧ŰյһöӨ͸һ˿һʵĵҩЩ˼ʳ
һöҩȫ߸е뷨
򶾵ȵСͨڣͬʱһܡ
Ȼǰһö򶾵ȴǾӨ͸һ㡣
ߣôͬһĵҩ
Ҷݲ⣬˾ײޱ飬ֻйӣ̾ǵ˫У¶һ˿⣬Ÿ߿յһöҩҲûƿ
˼飬
ǲ˼鰡
̾Уǳżֵš
һ̣ӵĿ⣬ѾȫյеһöҩסҲ˲ܣܵĸλ˾ȫˡ
ΪɽѧԺһʦڵҩĳԳ̶ȣѾ˽ӽĳ̶ˡ
򶾵Ȼôơ
򵥣򵥰
̾˾վһԣ΢΢üϵϣȴǳϲ֮ɫ
ʱٶȿʱ̬ѾΪı䣬ߵżֵĽ
ʮ꣬Ƴҩ򶾵
Դ˵츳ɽѧԺʷϣɴйġ
ΪɽѧԺһʦҲֻڶʮһʱ򣬽ʦ
ʱ˾棬Ҷݣ˿Ŀ⣬żֲ˼顣
ѹ֣ѹֶʶвΪ
ԭ˵Ű
СӣСӡ
˾ڰԵȴҲʲôȥˣֻһ̾

ͻȻ䣬һ֣յеһöӨ͸ĵҩֳһУЩ
ţӿ߼ǰվݳеС
СӣҩƵġ
ˡ
ǰڹѾ¶˾ģеݸ
ŵʦ
ɽסŹӵ飬Щ֪롣
Ȼ˵ôɣ˭ܿöҩᡣ
¡
ŵ΢üͷͳ˵
Էô֣촽΢΢˶ȴҲ˵ЩʲôֻĬĬؽӹǸС
ֱڣлǰҡ
򶾵νᳵ·żİաƵĹУȻһıеһЩкһ
ȻЩ֤ƳĶ̫ضѰ򶾵ϾǵһƣлЩûе
˿̣ƳǼƷ򶾵ʱȻޱš
ֽӹһеʱվǰĹӺȻ䳤غһ·Ƿĳֽ٣ʲôشľһ㡣

ӺȻڣע⣬ͬʱ˾˼Ŀעӹ
Ƭ̺󣬹ӽ˵
츳ɶá
ǻʵϷѧϰ꣬Σ
⣬յӵ˼ˣһǹŵӣֻǹӲ˵˷ıȽίˡ
е˼ֻȴڰֹΪɽѧԺһʦҪµ˶ţëȴûչһӣѧԺһǶ
仰£뵽һžС
˾˵ɫЩ죬񲻶ɨӣվһԵҶݵȴŨŨĽ֮⡣
Զʶȴһ˿Ҫֹ˿ȴû˵ء
ԭأڹЩסʱ򣬺Ȼǰһϥڹǰ£˴񣬹˵
ݼʦ


14 ˼
Ļ޵ľϲһھþûص
ʱڳɫ죬ͬ
˾棬˵һϲɫ΢΢ףȻǼΪ⡣
ˣҶݣȴĽ֮ɫһֱͣ
ʶվһԣ¹򣬶ŹӸߺʦһĻɫã˸в֪Щʲô
ӵͷǰǹڵϵϵǼͷӦͬʱ̽ƣʾ
ãͽ

屻ӷʦͽˣȴ˾̾
ѧԺһʦӵĹŵӡ
⡭
ֱʱ򣬲Զʶüͷɫ𽥿ʼ˪Ұ㡣
һͷһֱʶͷ
˴˿̣ʶףҪٶһĻûôˡ
ӵĹŵӣһݣѧԺھԵǰ⣬˵ҵ

ʶغ˼ǿؼһĨЦ⣬Ǵ˿̿ȴԵôĿɬ
ӷԭŵʯͷҲѾȻأҲûйĵġ
ߴȺԶȥڽʶǿɬʱǰҲ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫܿȴĿƿ
ʦ
һö򶾵ѧТġ
ʶķӦȻ̫⣬ע·ǰĹ˵΢ݳеһС
⡭
Ķùһʱסԡ
Ǻܿ죬ȴЦ
ãã
ȻˣΪʦˡ
Ӷöҩʵ͵ţʱϸֳһĨοЦݣҲԣֽ˹
һĻǹӣԱ߹ۿŵ˾ˣ϶¶һ˿Ц⣬ˬʵЦ˲䴫ȫصڡ
ֻʶվһԣݻƵƤԾس鴤˼֣ЩƤЦⲻЦĸоɫüΪɬ
ӻʦָ㡣
Ƴһö򶾵֮˺󼸲˵

츳˵ĵΪͽȻǼΪ˷ܣҲ¶һ˿ˬʵЦݡ
һһ
ʱϵϲ֮ɫ¶š
һεķ粨¶Ȼޱȣϴ˷ܡֻʶվһԣɫ仯֪Щʲô

˴¼һ䣬˾棬Ҷݵ˴Ҵȥ
˹ŵݣɽѧԺڵݵλνǷھӢ֮ϡ
ӣһδչͽܣ˴ͽȻһ𶯡
ЩȴȫȻ֪˵Ƕһжûзϡ
֮ͣػȥᣬ˻£δһۡ
罭
ΪǺӰڻص䡣
飡
һţݺ߿ǽյĴţĿ֮һװڷڻصϣӴϡ
߿ŷΪԭڴϴź˯ķ罭ܵĳִ̼㣬Ȼ䵯
˭˭
ˣ
ԭ罭гŲãǵſվӰ֮Ƿֵϼһ˿Цݣͬʱͬһɽƶ
˵㱻ִӴߡ
Ӣ棬ôû°ɣ
罭ƶǿϵͺʱҪһȻʳǼö˶˵վȻҲ²⵽һЩ
㿴𣿡
λΥĺѣҲĺҲЦ
ڴ棬£棬Եúܡţ罭ǿӰҲĹ£ӷ֨Ĳʽл
û£ҡ
˵Ȼ˶٣̧ͷǰķ罭ڴɫ΢΢ͷ˵
һ¡
ΪĹŵӡ
ƽһ˿һĸ飬ȴޱȵƬռڻص
ǰδеľ·˶һ統Уֻ˵ĺڴ˷ػص
ž
罭ԱߵˤڵأûȥᣬĶһ
һʱԭķ罭Ȼ岻ǰ˼Ӵͺһǽ㣬ǰ
ͬʱ羫ְ˫֣˫ţɫԵޱȼ
˵˵㱻Ϊӣ
ɽѧԺһʦӣ
ʼͽˣ
罭˵ţͬʱǷֵһ˵嶼ѹҪûȥһ
ӣӡ
ƿһȥ
ôѹȥҿҪˡ
罭վǰ棬͸ܵǽƹѹȸУ֣ʾ罭Զ롣
ˡˡ
罭ӴƼ˫ȶڵϣص󡰺һѽһѿ档
ӾȻʼͽˡ
ǡŰ
ǾһʱӦ˿̷罭ǰԸ̾ţȻЩ˼顣
ʲôŵġ
츳ΪӣǲǺô
ϴһЦ⣬罭ǲ˼ɫֻ̯̯֣ε˵
ƨ
罭ƶӴתֱӿˣɽѧԺڣ츳ǿĶȥˡ
Ϊʲôӵʦûͽ
Ϊͽ
˵Ļ൱ĿŶȣһڷ罭˵ȴЩ˼飬жЩܲˡ
ӣһӳżߵĳɾ͡
ϧǣȴδչһͽܣ˲ʱϧӵһ죬Ҫڰ֮ˡ
ȴ룬ʱ˿̣ȻĿ˵Ϊˡ
Ϣʵ̫ˡ
Ǹ
ӣ
ʱҲûʲôˣ¶϶ؿ˵
˶ҩ򶾵
ԡ
˵ҲСһҲڰ۲ŷ罭ķӦ
ʲô
ҩ򶾵
Ŷ󣿡
Ȼһ仰ͽ罭ֱӸˣɫжţɰθһ֣
ʮ꣬ʮĶʦ
ѹ֣ѹˡ
Ӵڲƶţһһһʱпܵһ

ʦ濴
ӣּҵЩˣô㣿
ڵ֪ϢǲںڣһǰΪˣ

һ̣罭ãĴЦ󴫿ܻصԵſޱȡ
ţ仰󣬲΢üͷ
ּҵô
һΣƱǣǰΪ


15 
ڣصˬʵЦ󴫿صܸ
ʱ˿̣Ƿ罭Ƕ޼ɵشЦԵüΪá
ɽѧԺһʦӵŵӣݣɷͬ졣
Ҿ֪
еģ
罭ֿڲϴڽ
һǰ˰㣬ѧԺִһ󻹷ؽ͡
ͬʱһ䣬ѰӰ
ڣһеһУӵ£ɢ
һ̣˫ˬʵЦݣڴ˼صͣ

ɽѧԺԺڡ
ոŵʱ򣬳ȥһЩ츳ս⣬רߣȫѧϰ
ڵĶһЩ֪ʶһЩϵͳѧϰ
Ǵﵽ徳أͨˣܽм
һգǷзֲ
һ翪ʼճһˣƾʱﵽ徳صϢ糤˳㣬
ϢһЩڳѧԱż츳׵꣬ƾһ֮Ӳִӣ󱻸ϣűܡ
һᵽֵˣԵظ̾һϧ
ź꣬ȴڶɱʦȴ鵤̴ӴΪˡ
һʱ䣬ϢҲһʼ۷׷ףտڲᣬֻĵʱŻ𣬵һ̾̾
ν̣Ҳֻˡ
˼ʱֶҪΪȥ֮ʱĳһգϢȴǵذһ㴫
ͬ罭·ϣʱ˴󲿷˵Ŀ⣬һ׷עӹָָ۲ͣ
һĳ֣ڳ˲ٵĺ䶯
һǷ罭ǿ׳ڶߵ
·ϣһֱ˵ԶΧۣǰϢҲ˳·˵ĴԶѸٴȥ
ڶǰһͬ罭һģϢǴطӴ
ڿۣ׷ײͣһΧ˶ϴ
ͬ罭˻δȴѾۼһ󲿷ֵˣһֳֳìһ꣬ǽսճء
ͬʱ˵ԣվż꣬һڣжűУضǰ

ǰȻ䷢һɧңһƬȺһȻ󴫿
һȺӰУ۵Ǿеһӣһ°׾꣬Ʈݳнһľۡ
һȺ۷׷ףڳſڣһȻ֮ܲϴ
ɽһȻվɫʼϢƺԵЩ䡣

㻹
δǰʱվڲԶغȻ̤ǰһеĽճˡһգŵͳѹңָǰ
ôһȺˣԵɽ˿ֺȻ಻ˡ
λεĳӳ£Եޱҫۣ˸ŶĿĹ⻪
غὣǰվ˵ǰƸ񵲣Ҫǰһ㡣
ߣʲôʱֵ˵ˣ
أ
غὣʱһֱԱߵķ罭ȴһֱƿڴ
ӣʲô
ڷ罭Ĵվɫɫ仯ʾؿ
ѲɣҲһ

ͣ
ȻصĻû˵ʱ򣬽žͷһͳڿٵغ˳ȥֱڵϣȳһڵѪ
罭Ƿֵ壬ȴޱȣؿԵʱ򣬾ͱһӰֱǰֻһͽصֱӺҳȥ
ߣСˡ
ǰҫ
罭£顱һڵϣ˫أһͳ
ֱʱһЩΧܵߣŷ׷׾̾罭񣬶Щ仯
罭ô֣ṦǷǳ˵á
ûոػû˵ֱ꣬ӱţʼ˳ȥˣ
Ṧֲ̫ˡ

Χ۵˷׷Աָָ㣬ɫЩ졣
Է罭Ӵģ˭벻Ȼ˿ֲṦʵš
罭ֻһͽظˣһƬȻ󾪺˷
һؾֻۣѰѧԺװһľ˵ע£Ȼûһ˿һľ⡣
һǰҾѧϰ
ڣΪβΪû
ǰ罭վֱŲԶ̱ڵϵأɵ˵ﵱгź⡣

£һɺͻأһɱ˪⣬˲䴫ܡ
ĻڶӰΧ֮ͬص
һɺͬ߰ɢȥڳ˶̲סشһ
̱ڵϣɫ仯Щ֪룬ʣĿٿԶͬܰվӰʱȴЩη˻ȥ˿Ҵ⡣
罭ǿ׳վ㲻κζûйǱ뺷Ϣȴ˿ûڸǣ⣬״
һʱ䣬ȫžſڣһȺѧԱվͣھеϣɫԴżֵη塣
Ƕ뵽ʱһȻǰ㾫ʾޣŻ硣
ɽ
治ɫֻǾضţһͳĺȻĿд
㻹Ҫţ
һͺȣըѿ㣬޺ֱɽȥ
һȵУ󣬷·ĳص嶼ɴһɽվɫ糣ֳֳì˿ˡ
ߣ
úһͺȣɽĿдﵱУżֵĲм
ţһìз˵һ죬ңָ˿ȴ
һʱ䣬ţ˵Ŀⶼͣɽ˵ϡ
̵ģСӣ𣿡
ɽǳìǰָſģ罭üȻһЦڵ
ӣ˺󡣡
ڷ罭Ҫ̤ʱޱ侲ͬʱ̤ǰǰȥ
ǡ
仰罭Ƿֵһ٣˶Դתֱ
ģ
źǵĵɫ΢΢һ˼
罭һʼͦһ֮ȫ
Щλ᲻
ڵѲһǰˡοһǰֺ
һ߶ŷ罭˵һתͷǰֱǰһˡ
ɽ
һ


16 ҹɽ
Ļű䣬ƽʱ򣬾ͺһװ㣬ڶؾװ㣬Ȼը
˻
ټĿռڣ£һڶ߽
һ仰νǿԣ嶼΢΢
ߣ
㻹ǶԼİ
вĻֳֳìվɽȴ߳ͬʱһеĳì̴գ
ˣˣ
ôһɽɫȻȴǴ󲽿ǰ棬˫ڵϣĵͳ
£ӰҲͬˣľڴ˿̻ǰǰȥ
ŲܵĿ·˶ΧڣϢڼٻص
䣡

顭
һͳĺ˶ԿһʱΧϢһ̼ٻص
ıڶ߾þûصͷ·㣬ɢȥ
ȡ
ͺͺ㣬ܴݶ

ƮƮľ棬űϢ˲ӹգͬɽеһ˳ìײһ𣬷ͳ졣
ͣ
һ죬ȴɽӰȻڴ˿˺üǿͣ
ɽɣ
ɲҵĶ֡
ƽֳľԸź̹ǡ
ߣ
вɽȴʾзһͺȵͬʱ˺Ȼڿն𣬳ì仯
ì̡
һͺһ˳ìΰ㣬ĵнãգԷڶߴݳȥ֮Ĳ
𣡡
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㣬㡭
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ܵȺɽ֮󣬲Լͬطһ˵ĿⶼͣϣɫУš
ǰ꣬ź磬һǰѾҫ۾ף֮ǰȽȽ
ʱǾһʱ֮Ȼҫۣ·һһܽ˶һ㡣
һִţҥԣһսƣӴ˳ʧ
˶ڵصʱͬ罭ˣҲȥǵİֻصһ̶Ųǰȥ
ΧܵЩȺʱԶֿһ·Թͨ
벻һʱ䣬ʦֵʵȻôǿ
治֪һʱ䣬ôġ
һΧĴܻصϡ
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Ҫˡ
ڳΨһͷǱӰɳ̾һ

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ڣЩѧԱʶ罭ߡ
չֳǿʵ֮󣬽飬ͱü򵥶ˣЩѧԱҲֶˡ
رǣΪڶǿߵɽܺҲû˵ǰˡ
ֻǣһʱԭ־׻鷳ģϾΪϼĳԱǳĵʦزҰףûô˵
ֱһĿγ̽ûм־׵Ӱȴ̾һҲûзϣֻ̾һ
ôһЩ鷳
һս¹ڳʵϢɽѧԺڼٴ
ֻǣһΪӵϢȴ伣δһ˿һǼʦ֪Լ֪з罭֪⣬˶ЩһŲ֪
ӦʦΪ鷳
ûİɣ
ϸϸţҲֻôһܹͣеͨˡ
һӴδͽ˷ͽҲǵ͵ӦҲڶർʦĽۡ
ЩȴδϣЩˣҪʵ
ʵûʵǿʢҲ˥ġ
֮£֮޲ǡ

ҹ㾲
һƬڣֻҫ׺ҹգûƲУں޹⣬΢ҷɳɳ
֨
ĳĴźȻ򿪣ͬʱһӰдܳͬȰ㣬̶ѸٵʧŨŨҹɫС

ǵӰڿƶҹɫǰʱ򣬴𻩻ڿ
һӰ
˿Ӱ˸ڵҹɫʱʱ֣ƮԶֱ˹ȥ
磬ڿٵתǰȥڳ֮ٶȶȻӿ죬ȻѧԺһȥ
˿̣ȥķһƬӰأ΢һɳɳڶ
ɽѧԺΧڵĸɽ֮ߣȦһЩͼҰޣҹɫ·ͺĺƬлصϣڻڿС
һۣӰ󣬸κεͣٶȷԽԽ죬Ŀֱָһɽ


17 ˮ
ҹˮɪɽ֣ɳɳ
īɫҹУһӰ˸ڴֺ䣬һȰ㣬ڵϣһš
ڷ£ͺһõӰӰ㣬ܵĻ˶ںһһ
ɳɳɳ
ïܵĴ֣ܵҶ棬һ

ʱȴȻ䳤һɫҲǰδеط
ʱɢȥ¶¹⣬ڴأͬһ㱡ɴ㣬Ե֣е龰
ɽۣԶȥǰ֮һĴ£𲨹ԣѤʡ
վںԵӭҹĺ磬ųԶӭˮϮˬƺȫë׶˶ſǰδеı

һڳĺĿд˿ǰ֮÷
غһ֮Ųǰƣԥǰ̤ȥûˮУˮϷ𲨹ܼٻصȥ

ˮУ建ûУˮʱڵһöȻͬʱʼٵת
ͬʱıߣԶγһ͸ķ֣ͬĤһ㣬˶ֽȥԭԵˮʱȫſ
ˮлǰ彥ûУֱȫʧعһƬֻˮϵĲڼɢӲϡ
両
࣬࡭
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ʱֳľ帲һ͸Ĥ˱УˮĴѹˮ໥ϢС
ˮףͺһ㣬εȥˮ׵пǰȥһӰ㣬ֱǰȥ
ǰ֮һƬǣ֮һƬˮƣܼȼ͡


Ȼ䣬ھԶһˮڶע

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ˮ£һɰԵ÷ֺһϲһ壬ֱ˹ȥ
ķˮøӵ࣬Χϼ٣ŵˮ÷ڶԲϻص
ݡ
˫ˮһ֮㣬ֱǰȥʱһӰʧããˮС


ܳУ˲䱻ֽȥĴˮ׵壬㾡ֽȥ
ȣ
¡
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ʱڵλǺλãΧˮϮ£ûκεķʽڹԣֻкҵس
̧˫֣ľȻȴȻͬһʯˮףκӰ졣
ˮ丣Ϯϴˢܵˮ򣬳ܣ󣬻кȻ죬ֹ
꣬ꡭ
˫ֳֽƮƮľʱȴ·㣬ÿһεĶҪľһΪѣ
ˮ£ȴҧţһһش̹һ磬ĴƮȥϮˮˢܡ
飬飬顭
ڴͬʱ̤Ĳ޼ɵˢˮԵüΪû˿͡
ʱ˿̣ǰ֮һƬʣ뵵ڵϣˮµ翴ޱȣûκֳ
ꡭ
ֳֳˮ»Ӷʱ򣬴һޱȵˮۣܼɢ
ľᣬȻһɺɢȥĺ磬ֱǰȥ
ʯվƾܵˮӹ½Ƿˮϱ仯̬

һƵĵͳĿдԭյ˫Ȼеľ͵˸ҫۺ⣬ˮޱȡ

ΧˮȴľĽ£ûܷȥ
ľƶת𣬷󣬲ϴܡ
ΧԣʼһɴСУʱƣڼȥ
ˮƾճ֣ڣˮǵأܵĿռ䡣

ˮڲϴڶػصˮµ磬һƬңɳˮУоһƬ磬塣
ĵλãܺȻüˮɫ򶨣δ˿ı仯
ţ
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źɢ΢âɾ붼ɼǽµ޿ռ䣬ȴȻǻһƬС
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ֹסˮһӴпʼɢӹˮϴˢۣԵ춯
ˮ¡
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ͷȥ·һƬʵ˼
Ȼһ壬źȻһˮ壬ڿٵ³ȥ
࣬࣬࡭
һˮһݣ³ðΧܲϳ֡
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ǹǿѹ³ԽѹøǿȻҲǰֺ
棬ʲô
ܼѹѹ彩ֻܵͷȥǻһƬˮ򣬸ס
Ŀǰ徳صʵҲֻ³ȥȴǰֺˡ
ˮһƬ磬ǵۣˮ˷ϯˢ壬۾ȴһֱͷȥ·ҹеǳ㣬Եޱȡ


18 

һصĺĿдͬʱһݣУڿٵشݶ
ããˮ£ֻ֮ڵö飬ϷѤĿĹ⻪ڴʱ˿̣չֳҫ۶ĿĹ⻪
ܸˮѹǿˮѹ嶼Щֻվۿܡ
εĳԣܵˮѹȴһֱѹţǰһ˿һˮ£ˮ򣬺ĳͺһʯͷǿѹͷһ
ｩãҫڵڲϴԶź
ôŬȴҲǰֺĴˮѹڵǰá

Ȼ䣬һ˿ȫɣԭ壬һ˲ȫɣֱӱˮֱӱˮƷɳȥ

ҹɫžƽˮ棬ڹâ£𲨹ԣѤʣΪҫۡ

両
ͻȻ䣬ƽˮ֮ϣȻ䷺һʱƣһȦȦɢø
¡
һڲɢʱˮ涸Ȼըһˮ𣬴һĻһƬˮںϣͺưô㣬춯ͣ
ĴʵˮУһӰȻˮڰյУΪۡ

һ£ɫͷˮմʪԣĴһˮȻˮϣ
ˮһԾɣڿ޴ܿ͵
ڰյУ壬òٶ𽥼ɢȥ
顱һ죬ݺݵڵϣߵĲݵϣʱһĿӡ
ڵϣ߼վĴЩʪĺۡ
ˮףһʲôͬ⺮йء
öģѵ
һˣиӰ಻סڿٵɫ죬Щ
Դڴɽ̤նȥ֮󣬶Լһָ꣬Լһһֱǣš
ϧ֮ãã˺ǿ߸ǲȥң
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Ѿ֪ˮʲôܹ鹲ˣͽߣȴò
ָоͺиС˶ʱ޿̵һܡ
ף
ȻڰֻȴƬ̣ȴͻȻ׳ɫͻȻЩ
ҵĵ
񣬱֮ǰӿˡ
о
ˮ£ĳֶţһֱδȥᡣڵ˰֮ŷ֣ڵĵȻڲ֪˼ֱ֣ʱеط֡
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վͻȻеһͺȣ£ƬžҹյкȻէ
ʱ˿̣ľ֣Ծؿʼ趯ҹգءڶ߲ϻص
ľ趯ĺ磬ʱм裬кܵҹɫ¼ɢ

ХƬžҹյнƿӣ
һΣνǺ죬˰ʱҵʱ䣬Żͣ
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ȻĻָʵһ
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ͣ£ֳľվв΢΢̾
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Ҳջ١
ǰһƬ׵ĺи̾
󣬾ؿ⻹ֻΡ
ΪؼǣǰƬ׵ĺ£ййغܡ
⣬ΪҪġ
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ɽϣҹɫøϷɽ壬ءڶ߲
ȣ

¡
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ડ
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ľǰעһֱǰ档ǰʯӳɶѣĿ֮һƬңûκ赲£絶㣬иܣĳۣΪ
ʯ±վͷǰһĻ
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еĳӳеٻӰһ³ۣǧ˿īԺ΢ɢ
һλεĳڴаֵУŲ趯գءҹԵ÷Ŀֲˡ
վͱϣͷµһٻӰǰԣīгƮݣһĻȥͺҹеľ㣬Եó鶯Ů·ҫۡ
Ȼȴһֱվ˽ͺһʯ㣬ֻ˫һֱǰ棬һֽİٻӰ
µգǳҫۣ˸Ĺԣܡ
Ůӣ¶裬Ȼ㾡£˭֪
ȴվһʯ񣬽ѵõ


΢ţȴδһֻһɳƵĺд
ʱ˿̣ҪҪ˵Щʲôȴһ仰˵ڡ

ͻȻ䣬غսеľƶ壬ͬһֻ㣬Ʈ£ż͹ʯ㼸££ȵվҵʯ档
ƺǰŮӺȻתͷϣͬʱһ˼ľд
磬ôˣ


19 
žͱڱԵѸ͵Ŀ磬ڵзڶ߻ص
һĽżţƬռ䵱ػ
ٷءܸ
±Եľ޴ʯϣӶ˴˶ֻǻ࿴ŶԷһ
㣬㡭
ֻǷ϶仯ɫŲ˼顣
һٻӰ̽ѩһ־ǧ֮ĸоѩɽϵѩ߹
ô
Ͱ˰֮ɫ仯·żֵĲ˼顣
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ʵڿһ˵ʱбѾ˹
ѹ֣ѹһѧԺҲ
ԭ
Ŷݵ֮ͣ˹ԭĲ룬ѱȴ⡣
»صɽѧԺʱҲѰһֱȴδκεϢڷ罭˵ĿУֻĳλѧԺĵʦΪҵӣӴѧԺ伣
ݴڱչأԴʲôûκεϢ
⼸ҲѰһϢڿȥѰңûκεĽ
벻ǧѰңͷȻɽ۵ı档
硭
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ǰһٻӰɫһǧ·ڴ˿̱ò԰ͷֻôһ仰Ƭžҹ
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һѳűϢнգػУص
ӭԣɴȹԶҹյлصϡ
ʱһǳҫ΢ҹԵǰҫۣۡ
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ѹ֣ѹ֡
ɽѧԺڶ̽Ϣԭˡ
һ̣ȫȻ˹

ǾĽޣһɴѩƮҡУڡ
硣
ȴ룬˵ʱڴĻ
֪ģ֪һġ
㣬ûôױܡ
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ʦһʱ䡣
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Ǿװ㣬Ƭžɽּصϣ
˻£٣סֻվдŲ˼ؿ
ҲգҲա

֮ٳغһ̾Ϣһ
һĵȴΪıһ¡
Ϊʦǲ㡣
˵ﵱУżֵΣɪ֮⡣
Բ𡣡
΢΢ﵱҲżֵǸ⡣

ȥɡ
ٺȻЦףصܸȻڿնǿľΧԼɢҲԶȥѸʧããƺС
һֱעǰֱٵӰʧ֮󷽲ƫƶת˵
磬߰ɣ


20 ɽż
ʱأƬɽֶҫۼӰ涼䣬һڵ˸ͨ
ৣ

˸ĴֵУһһӰ˸
һ۵һ۵ɾ°㣬Ʈޱȣ˽ŲڵһӰ㣬ٶ졣
ЯֶУ޹ǵС֣΢΢ȥԣǱɽ겻ڣֻʱ¶һ˿Цݡ

ԣϢϮ˾Ϊ֮һȻȴĬĬһԣһ̾е
һʱ䣬һͱڣ˿ͣЪ
ΪģǵȴԼ
һˣɫҲ΢΢Щ˸С
ԼǷʵ̫̫࣬ˡ
Ȼ̾һʱȴо֣Ȼ˽תͷȥֻĽϣȻ両ֳһϲɫ꺮ڻ㣬Ŵ磬ֻ΢΢صͷ
мˣ򸴺󣿡
һ̣лȻʣ΢Ҳ΢΢ͷ

ꡭ
ЯֶУٶȷɿ죬һĿ磬ֱ˶ȥ
˸䣬һһӰ

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ѾвѧԱɽϣʱһ޵ĳХڴ˷ػص쳹ա
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21 
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22 ӵļı
ɽּ䣬صƬžĿռ䵱
㣬㡭
仰־ȴ·ܵʲôĴ̼һһӾҪȴһεص䡱һڵϣѪҪһѪ
ʵȺƨ徳صʵԿ徳أսɸƽ֣ԼҪ
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ѵȥ˵ͬ徳صѧƴøƽ֣Է̣
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罭ֵռӣҡҡ׹ʱеΣա˫ֻ¶һ˫̶С۾վԣһѩ·˷·԰㣬һʱ̶С۾ɴ󣬱ɻƶС

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ӱôһȣ岻һһǲϲˮڶһ
ꬣꬡ
ô
ֵʱ˫˲һ˿һͬ˪Ϣɢ˲䴫ܡ
ꬣ
һͳĺе˺һһԵľſڿ첽ȥ
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վԶȥıӰϵķ罭һʱü΢·˼ʲô
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뿪֮һ仯ͻȻŷ罭˵
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罭֧Ӵվϵ˼򵥵Ĵ󣬾ͬһ߳ᣬԶȥķȥ


23 ɸҺһս
ɽѧԺһƬ٣ѧԱ׷׻ַۣǷ
ڴϢȺУһϮۣһľڱлֻ֮һ磬˫粽šءĿ磬ֻǼ䣬ȺпٴֻһӰ˷׷ײ²⡣
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Сӣڣִʲô
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˵ҹꬻˣǡ
ϢͨˣѾڰԲ²ˣͬꬵìܣɽѧԺڿνڿڽ֪
ô
ӣкϷˡ
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ЩˣѾаԷˣ˵ꬾѵ֮ʵһء
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˶ΪʹͣµʱȴٶŲֱǰǡડǰֱվԲιǰɿ⣬վӰ
͸ԲιţؿмڣվһȺˣһߣŭ
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ˣ
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ꬣɸҺһս
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ȫذ˶ڵȴꬵĿڡ


24 
ɽѧԺм߼ӢԷֿԳһϵδκεľ
ȥһЩѰĽ⣬һ˵֮䶼˽սҾսҲһᱻƽϢ
ϾѧԱڵĲرЩ£ûһսĿԡ
Ϊ˼ٲҪ䶼˽սǱսͬ⣬еʦڳܹС
ˣҲǵ㵽Ϊֹ˺ս
ôһҲΪ˱֤˫ѧԱİȫ
ˣڵǰҲֻվмſڣδ̤ȥ
ΪһĻᱻָ˽صֱӿȥ
ɲԸ⿴ġ
δ룬ֻվԲι⣬һȴ޾Ŀ㣬쳹ķ
˵ĿⶼۼꬵϣҲżֵϣмֵڴ
˵ڵͺȣ൱ڱںݺݵ˦һ⣬˭£
ˣڳ˵Ŀ⣬ԶԶؾ£ͣꬵϡ
Χ۵Щмڸ߼ѧԱҲЩ棬һʱꬵʵڵ״ﵽʲô̶ˣ



һصĺ˷ػصܣ˳صĺ纣˰ϡ
ˣԭؾصȴꬵĻش


ȫע£ȴͻȻЦǸӣżֵЦ⣬Цȫ
㻹濴Լ
ɸһս㾹Ȼңɸһս

Цֹһɫĳ޷Զڿзžžܸصϡ
ƾ㣬ɻʸҵĶ֡
һһᡣ
ꬴЦǰǰ滺ȥͬʱҲЦЩмѧԱһЩӢѧԱһ񿴵ĳرЦЦ㣬ЦͬʱԵأɫҲ͸һݵϢһǰ
𣬴ԣΧЩѧԱĳۣҲĶǲƮҡڼٻص
ֳֳꪣǰǰվ׳ֽųꪣֱӶ˵ϣ顱һ졣
˲䣬ɳʯ𣬷ɽܣӳңǡص
һʦ֤
գҸһᡣ

ھվꬱ˫ǰߣ˵
һʱ䣬Ըı˻¡
ճĵһˣȴǣֻʣ徳صʵԭһֱѹꬣȴһɳ죬мӢ֡
г߼Ŀܡ

Ŀˣȫƺ
ꬣҲ񡣡
ӣкϷˡ
һڼٴﵱжмֵֻͬʱмֵڴ
ã
ꬵĻ˵ֱӵͷ
ڿɲǳܵʱ򣬼Ȼꬿ˵óȻõġ
⣬Ҳһᡣ
ˣҲֱӴӦ
£ҪȥѰҵʦʱһ䵭ͻȻȺ
֪ûң˴αĵʦ
Ⱥֿһӻ룬һɫϻӣעĿ
棡
ʦ
ڼһ˳ֵʱһ󰵺˷ػصΧص
ʦ
ʦ
Ⱥ߳ʱͬ˶ޱȣ˵
аԲ룬ضԼһעע⣬ǰ
һƽվ￴κεı顣
ԼĪϢ֮ͻȻǰһֹ̧˵ʦڳȻõġ
ѧҡ
һǹޱȣҲ΢΢ס
Ǳ߰ɣ
ĿɨӶתȥ˵
£ΧŵһȺˣһɢͬʱ󣬺ƺƵԶȥ
ܹʶͬսǼΪѵõġ
һЩˣҲûֽʵ׼Ρ
ȺɢܿϢͺ˳㣬ɽѧԺӶˣи߼ӢѧԱһЩʦǰۿ

м䳡λмѧԺҲ࣬ԼĪһ֮⡣
мѧԱڣӦоУҲֵؼΪ
̨й㳡̨ףж͵ɽڣλãһڳ
йضгأﶼ߱
⣬ɽѧԺʱ
ʱ䳡ھˣģУޱ֡
棬ꬵ˵룬һЩԭ䳡мѧԱȴ׷ͣؿˣͬһȴ鿺ܣԵЩ
ϴ󣬲֪ʵˡ
Сӣһǰڳҫڿûʱˡ
ϴνܡ

һڴʱ˿ͬ߰㣬ĴݶЩ˻϶мѧԱȻƫꬡ
ȺУ罭ͬܶߣֻƾ罭ӴܵѧԱǰ漷ȥ
Ӱ罭ȫסȻУҲûôעĿҾͽ˷֣Ҫкһ˪ģȻȥɧš
СӣֵĻ󡣡
ӣѧԺ֪ˡ
罭ƾӴܹԶĵꬣΨ²ҵظп
ڷ罭ĻȻҲûзϣɫǰ㵭Ȼģ
ֻӣС죬ڴ˿΢΢źţ˺ԶȺΧеӰɵ
ǵﶼôעĿ
һΣҲá
ϸó¾Լûôס
ΧȻһ˷ػص䳡漱ٵشݳȥ
ĵˣΪעĿġ
м渺ֶɫȻؿΧˣû˿ı仯

ͻȻһŭ𴫳һ·˹ܼٴݹȥ
ʱ䣬ԭĹ㳡棬ͻȻùذֻһͳĺڡءشصܡ
ָ£ԭЩΧܵӰһµ˿¶˾еһĿյء
ǿյؼ䣬ֻꬣˡ
ʼɣ
ס㵽Ϊֹ֡
΢һ֣Ӱ˼վԶʱ̽䱸ţͬʱš
ǡ
ͬͬʱͷޱȹ
ţ˵ϣȴͻȻ䱬ӿһǿޱȵϢ
ϣǽӿľϷˡһɺȻͷš
ȴһеĳꪣ溮է֣ƿзᵲǻƵֵ
սһ


25 
Ӵ䳡ϣΧѧԱɽѧԺһַǷ
ȺУҲмʦ׷ż⣬ġ
˵Ŀ⣬ۼĵϣ̬죬ͬͬʱҲڰԲ²
ʱƣӴ㳡ϵգҲ𽥱ͬһŰ㣬һ͸żΪصա
ὣ֣ľš͡ڶͬ׵ʸ棬һ̶治ϻ
һϮɫֳۣꪣޱȣĳĹâһڶ߲ϴ죬˿ˡ
澲һԣǰĮȻɫֻǾؿܣǰδκεı仯
¡
һ죬ԭվͻȻǰݺݵһ壬淢һ죬ͬʱ壬Ҳ֮ͬ㣬ֱꬶȥ
̤Ĳһһ䣬ľӶһһ䣬񶼴żΪĹƣϢֱܣ˲
ꬲɫһᣬˡһ죬Χ󣬿飬вϷֱܡ
ѸͣӰɿ죬䣬ѾӹӰͣסһԾɲǣеľѾȻݳ
һ
ꬴһһᣬ˫Ŷڵϣˡ춯ʯվӭĹ
¡
ء
䣬һ棬ֱꬶײڿнסľͬһȴֶΧ˴
ܵĳ£˫һſз𡱵һͺȣµļ𣬾޴ֱӴ볤ꪵУ͵һ𣬽Ʒɡ

ڰгһŲУ˫ͬʱס壬ˡһεվ⣬еľꡱһ趯磬ڸǡ
˫ն˴˾벻ɫ糣·𲻹ΪѰײһ㡣
ȻڳеˣվһԵ棬ԶۿڶѧԱȴһס׺
΢ϵĻҳڿγһſʧΪص˼صɫ
һʱ䣬ꬵı仯Ȼ˴󡣡
˴ʵ徳أͻƵصơ
ߣѾﵽˡ
ͬ־׵սȣꬵʵ㣬ҲȻûκεı仯ȴڰԽ䱸
ͬһ㣬־Ȼվûκεı飬ĵУȴҲ·캧ˣЩ˼顣
ꬿǼΪ˽⣬һǰľһУܵУǼ
Ȼڲһ֮¹˵ĵȬʵҲ»ָ徳صʵһն£ʵߣµһꬾЩˡ

ͷһţܿʧ׵ظճԺ˫ֱǰϣһ
нųꪣͬʯȹ̣˿ˡ
ৣ
Ų棬һӰϮһװ㣬ֱ
ľ趯䡱ĵͳĴ̶·ĳ㣬ϯƬһ޼ɵֱͳ
лһתţڵϡˡ̤ڿնڰյתһȦֶһ̳
Ѹ̴ͣգءĺˣš
಻ʾãûһӰӣһֱնȥͬ콣Ӱֱײһ
¡¡¡
˫һҵײ˷ػص֮Ĳֲľڶ߲·أƬѸٴ
ڶ
ҵľУꬵͳ
һʱ䣬һƬֻнͬӰâڲϻʵĽֱǰȥ
ߣ
ּٻӶһĽĵвϳ֣գ޼ɵϢͬʱһҲд
Ȼ䣬ͣ½Ųվ˼
ڲԶꬣֻ˫ۣ·ĳλð㡣
꣡
ļ̌ƮƮĲ˿һö鼱תпת͡
ţ˫ǰƣ泯ǰ¶һ˿صɫ
˫һ棬ͻȻڿնǰͳȥͬʱһͳĺҲĿͻȻ䴫

ľڿлһĺۼѤ·ĳ㣬ֱǰȻ졣
ĵͺҲꬵע⣬ЩҲϡ
ţ
ꬲתͷ̧ۿԶ¶һ˿ɡܿ죬Щ˹һ׺д

⣬Ȼôܣ
ꬵϳŲ˼飬еĶȴͣͣ仯ǰ˹ȥ
ʱ趯Żĳ﷢̶͡ٵشǰ

˿̣ڿնһڳдá
ǳ̲
һͳһԼгХϡ
ͬʱһɱϢ·˳ڴ˿̼ٴݹֱ
ȣ
۵
ƲɵĹꬿеһͺȣһХ
˫ս߰ڣڴ˿̸ɵֵ
šˡһͳ죬˫պȻײһԼɢȥţһ޼ɵϢ֮
͡

¡
ϳ֣ڶ߲ϳ֣֮ĲпֲĵͿձըڴ˴𣬲ܻص
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¡
һ죬ꬵӰȴҲܲסĳĽӹ͡
ˣ
ƵꬵȴǳܲסܿƵغ˶źһסӰվ
յУӰ£εվڵϣɫûκα䶯
ŲԶɫ˪վꬣǰһ̬ȼΪع˵
ˡ
֣ûκεǫ飬ã·˵ΪѰһ˵ĶУȴͬ㣬Ȼ
Сӣ

վɫ˲䣬ֱ󷢳һɳƵͳĺһеĳꪣһ죬ͬʱ̤ǰȥ


26 ͻ
Сӣɱ㡣
ڳȥʱһŭʱȻ£ڿٴ̶ܿٲȥ
мӢѧԱݣȻʱһѣ˵ȴĪĳ衣
ʱŭģꬵĺҲ˲еһͳĺ˲ڿնǰ˹ȥ
һ𣬷һ죬ͬըѰ㣬ڴ˿ͻأһԼĪһߴСĺâꬵֱױȵֱڡ
һӳֱ𣬴ź嫵⣬ֱǰȥ
̼䣬޼ɵȥֱſɢȥƬлص
ʱպ½Ųվԭء
ꬵһȣͬʱбϢֱ˹ȫֶ
徳ظֵʵԱ˲棬̾
ʵȻﵽ徳ˣ
⣬ôܣ
һǰҲֻ徳ذˡ

Χ۵ˣδꬵĶܵŭ򶨵վֳֳꪳꬣ۷׷ףϾ̾
硣
վȺеһĻ֮󣬵·һȣͬʱҪǰȡ
Ȼܿ죬ȴǰķ罭һͬܰӴǰ棬ͬʱ򶨵Ҳ֮
ġ
ûôûá
˵еʦ
ں˵
ôһƽҲͣ˽ŲֻǺԴأֱǰŵġ
ߣ
ʱҲֱƣ¿еһߣޱȣû˿ĸ顣
ţǰľź˸˸ˣҫ˫
ݣݣݡ
ꬳһɱ⣬𺮹죬ǰֱ
𣡡
ͬʱһƳĵͺ羪װ㣬ڴʱ˿̺Ȼͳ쳹ܡ
ʱѾΪΪأϢƲɵײһ
ৣ
˿ҪײһʱһӰͻȻ˸ų֣سġ
档
Ϊֹ
һֻ̽ޱȵҲ֮
䣬䡭
ͳĺڴ˿̺Ȼһͳڴʱ˿ͻȻ𣬷
ܿ죬һűըɢڰյУǰƬ磬ҲͻȻ䰲
һŹâɢҲǰ
ж䲻Զˡ
ȫž˶ؿǰˣԴأδйֻǾس



ͻȻ䣬ĺڴ˷ػص˴˵ϣ¶һɵɫ
䣬ˣꬵȻЩʣ˿ȴ˵ʲôֻǺ˼վۿš
лʦ
л
˹˵ﵱг𾴣ûôˣֻǼ򵥵˵һ䡣
ЩȻûзϣֻǹЦһɫδ˿ĸı䡣

˶ɿá
滺ͷ˵ɫҲΪ˷ܡ
˿̵ꬣȴֻصص׺һ̶תͷȥ
վԶȥıӰз·һĪսͷӶ
ô
ʱһ֮¶һ𡣡
ڴ
ǱӰʧȺУҲ¶һĨЦ⣬ͬʱ
һǰѹ㡣
һĽ죬Ȼԡ
΢΢˫ۣа¾ġ
Ѿ뵽мĻȻȴãͬҪм
ʱҲ¶ģȹգǰμӽмĿˡ
ͬΪмûͣضܹսһ
ʱ򣬿Ӧ
ϽֳһĨЦ⣬עԶȥıӰһƻɡ
硣
һͻȻĶߴܻصϡ
תͷȥ罭ˣ棬ڲ֪ȥˡ
ӡ
һǽһվķ罭ͻȻԼǹݵİ
Ϲһ˿Ц⣬˵

ⲻҲΪܵ࣬£µġ
һ죬Щӷ׵׸ţԼԿӡʱȴ¶һ˿ɬЦݡ
ţ
΢΢ͷβ׷罭˼
ΣԼͬꬵһսضǱⲻ˵ġʱһ£ǼΪɾ䣬ûκε
ֵܣˡ
ǰŷ罭ǿļ򣬵˵
ûмĸлҲûвеֻƽһ䡣
ôһ䣬㹻ˡ
һ䣬罭ģǾԵΣм
罭ףԼͬ˳ͻ˵ĻԼһλֵܣض᲻һеĳȥ
⣬ֵ֮顣
жһֻ̫࣬ôһλܹΪ㲻һеֵܣ㹻ˡ
ߣ
һ仰£תͷ̤ȥǰȥŲ𽥼ӿ죬Ⱥпȥ
罭ͬһҲͣ׷̧Ųǰȥ
Ⱥɢȥ֮ʱһ£ģҲ˵ĹעЩ˶ϳһȴǰк
Ͼһʱ־ǧĸоܣ˲Щڵģһ仰ãӭӵıǿ籩Ĺ
ɽѧԺǳģֻһüȿֺǰ
ˣȻжôһͷҪʶڨȴδһǰȥֻԶԶվš

սһ£ͬ˳㼱ٴݶڶ̶̰ʱھʹɽѧԺ
սʱ򣬻һЩ߸׷̾ϢĲ磬˾ʵıֻܴ˿һսξʡ
Щңʱȴȫ赲⣬û͸¶һ˿һ
ڣԼؽһڣ罭˶ֻֻһˣϥ
еһ棬ϥǸѾмʱʱ䣬ƽֻżһ³ںǰĿС
ʱȫſеһУһһѾ޹ء
˱ͬһƣƽ·붬һԺȴ˼ңڲƮţͬսϸڣȷÿޱȵسԺУͬưڲݻظš



Զ೤ĺʱܻɢڣһöڲת֮ƽʱ˺üһƺ˪ɢͬ籩ϯȥֵÿһ
ͬ־һս¸ںתټӿ죬Щؿͬꬵһսڵ񶼿ʼЩɶ־Υĸог
Ҫͻˣ


27 Ϣ
ھһƬֻϥΧһ޵Ϣ
յĵڣһöڸתţ͡ʱһĪĺ𣬴޼ɵϢⲻɢȥ
ꡣ
ꡣ
ϥһóĿ³ǰĿУϡͶתΪ
ڸתһ籼ڵĽˮ㣬ڵпٵʶһ޼ɵͬɢȥȫ֫ٺɢ
徳أѾԼĪһµʱ䣬ڴɽöκεͻơһɽѧԺսԭڵʧͻƵļ
Υĸооϲæϥһ޵ϢкԲϸ֡


һɺĳеȫʧȥãһжǰ׾ֻǾԼĪʱҵʱ䣬һ֫ٺٴΣϤϴһ飬ˬ
һڵĺʼļ֮𲽱ůľ֮ʱһ¹ڵڣγһλð㣬룬ɼ
Ȼ
һٶȵǿ˲١
ҲӦô죡
ǹһ˿ȣ룬ҲӦ
ϾȻһ飬ĵ

һкһһ³һˣӳа֮ڰյУʧ
ʱϢһ޵ϢϲȻͷųɢȥ
˿𣬳ڿƮ𴵴

ž
ֻ˦ۣڿоһޱȵࡣ
Ƿ¶һ˿صɫ˵Ϣ֮仯
ţŲ߶䣬ֻĴƬ
徳أҲһСĽ
ڵʵȥμм˵Ļ֪жٵʤ㣿
ҲţҲûʲôס
뵽мַһʵﵽ徳أ˳롣
һͨмĿˡ
Ŀ̫ϸһ徳صʵһЩӢѧԱܹͨ
мӢѧԱꬣҲֻ徳صʱͨ˽ġ
ʵҪͨˣҲʵЩѶȡ
Ƿһǰʱ徳صʵһˣͨҲûаٷְٵĿܡ
ΣܹҪһԵġ
ѡ

ͨꬵһս־׵һսʵĿ
һĽ죬ǿ
һˣǰҲ¶һ˿ϲҲͣСķǰȥ
֨
Ŵ򿪣һۣԷڻɫƽԼУ¶˵ϢȴѾͬ


û°ɣ
ڣ罭˾վ϶¶һ˿ɫ
ӣ
Ӵһ߳ͿӰԭƽҲ¶һĨϲɫ
Ӽ״Ͼϲµ׺һصĽŲ
ˣˣˣ
صĲ涼ʵƵش
ͣӣͣס
ͬһǽڰӰɫһ䣬̧ƣҪӵƸֹס

Ҿ֪ҵֵܣضûô
徳ˣ
ǰ󣬷ӿ̾Ƿӷ׵ϣʼųһЦݣͬʱһ̾л
վһԣϣȴ¶һĨȻЦݣڴʱ˿ԵǰҫۣֻվﰲؿţɫתԵҲЩġ

ˡ
ӵĻɴЦɫҲԵޱɡ
ʵͻƣȻޱȵ˷ܣһЦݣдװ㣬ܹʱá
ǷӣʱЩЦ⣬΢΢׵ͷ
ƣ
ơ
ͻȻ䣬ǽյţ˺ݺ죬ٵԵΪͻأƬػص
꣡
˭
ڣ罭ɫ˲仯дŽ䱸תͷֱŴſڡ
Ȼûгȴ̧еĳ溮磬һĽڴ˿̻
ơ
٣ͣͳش
𣬴ǰȥʱϵϢͻȻ仯ԭͣɱڡ
һ˿ͣơŶЩ
ž
֣һѽŴ򿪣һŻ꣬£εδصڵϣֳǽڣؿڲڴڴŴΪƣ
ǡ
ǰһˣɰüЩɻ󣬲ؿʵ
Ǻܿ죬ͫȴ͵һһͷΪس֡
ǣͣ
ȻʵﵱȴżֵĲ˼飬Щͳ·ϴһ
СΪһˣȷ̫翣˵šǰһˣһ壬ͷ·һĵâֱͷһֱ֮ȥ
үҡ
ڴڵشϢţؿϣ϶˵
㣬ͣ
ɴ˫ۣǰ꣬ɬϣϡɱǰģϸϵĻǿԷֱ
ôˣ
ңɽѧԺڣ
ǰһˣʶüЩسʵҲɱЩ

ǱΪ͵꣬ȴڴڴڵشŴؿڲȻովҵ˶
һĻüͷظһֲõԤУ׵س֣һֱԺС
ȻͣЪԼĪ֮󣬾Ȳس˵
үү
͵϶ȴһ㣬Դͷֲĸоʱ޿̵ţ̶ڼٵɢ
ôˣæʵ
Ϳеүĸףּҵϵӵܣ컢
ǴС󣬶źˣȻΪС츳ףܵĴ˵Ҳ
Ȼ˿˼Ҵҵظֵүص飬Щһǣ񾭡
ͣ˵Ҹôˣ
ǰһ͵ؿȥеһͺ
һƽϢؿڣæ˵
ү
ˣ
ˣ


28 ּ
ʲô
էһϢд󾪣ɰһڵͳĺеذ㣬һƬкȻը
ھһƬֻǵͳĺڴ˷
罭ˣɫٱ仯һɼΪѹȵʱٵͷŶܲϵݡ
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ŴԣϣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬һĨϲɫϸ̶֣ٵɢ

»صǵͰķݣĸѾûæµ컢ȴǽ˯С

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ңҲô򵥵ķŹҡ
ԼףأꬣɽѧԺڵӵܣûô򵥷ŹԼĴ㡣
ϾԼѾһЩ˵ע⣬Ӱ쵽һЩ˵ˡ
ΪһӵܣڶֱϵӵܵɽѧԺڣûôù
һģ
һ˲䣬а𣬵Ǻܿȴ˦ԺϹһĨЦ⣬˵
ţ˳ܿһݣڵˣʶսڰġ

ּͬٶȷɿ죬ڿĵ·Ϸ۵糸ӹһˣ˵ڶ߲ϻص
һ·ϣ˶Ĭ·뵽һžУƽֻǽ¿ȥһ񾲣Ҳδ˵
ڿɽǵʱ򣬳Ĭһ·ͻȻ˵

һΣҪмĿˡ
ڣȲˡ
ƺƺѯš
š
㣬硣
һеġ
ͷᶨ˵
˿̣ȫޱ֧֡
ৣ
ৡ
ӰһһףڽֵϿһĿ磬̶ܣ̶Ʒ
ɽǽֵϣֻоһӹÿʱȴֻƳģӰӣ̶ȴȫʧ
ٶ죬һҵʱ䣬Ѿɽǣ뵽ɽѧԺڡ


32 м
ɽѧԺڣһƬžǰֵ֣ͳĺ˷ػص
⣬ӰƮɣһȰ㣬ʧ
ѧԺڣ˲δͣתмȥ
мĿˣмѧԺ档
˿ǻƻ裬ճɽأѧԺȾۼһõӰӰ㣬Եǰҫۡ
ৣ
ৣ
Ӱ죬ӹɨҶԵǰҫۡ
գмſͣ£Ŀֱǰ

һΣֻɹ
ڲǵһѡ
ǰһֺĽҲ¶һ˿صɫһ޵ϢҲϸֳɢȥ
˫ȭգа¾ģ̾ڵһö飬Ҳʼٵתͬ͡ʱһɱϢ֮ϳ֡
ˣ
ڵϣȻ죬Ƶܡ
һѩдһ˿صɫĺУȴֻһˡ
һǰһ󣬻̤룬˵Ŀ⣬ʱ˶סֻǾվͬʱеĽ֮ɫĸŨĿ⾡ϣ̾
ѧ㣿
ô
˵Ѿٵʦ£չˡ
ֵʱ۷׷ף̾Ľ֮ɫܲϸֳ󴫿
£ԭҪ߳мѧԱһΧ
ԭֻ˵Ӱڴ˿̱У۷׷ס
мѧԺƫڡ
һǰŲᶨޱȣһ£·ĳˡڶΧƶ
飡
ԭյĴŴ򿪣һϢϮŹӲɣϢϮ


غһһƬȻδκεı仯ֻǵؾ
ţŲҲͣǰǰȥ
ડ
ľĴڣĽŲڶ߲ϻص֮糿ĺģڶԾþòɢ·ڶ質㣬һһֱϡ
ʵ޻ֻĸӣаɴСͨɺɫǽשɣżֲɣϢ
յĴڣûһӰֻⲽĽŲʮˣҵĽŲڲϻص
еʱڴվ̬ȹޱȣ˵
ѧ
ǰμӿˡ
һΪڴڻصֱ֮󣬷ɢ
£ȴžδκεĻӦ
ԼĪϢ󣬼žĴڣͻȻ䷢һͳ
ৣ
һƷͻأԵǰ̶
ھĵطһӰֶӰ࣬κεı顣
һˣ̲סصһ
⻹һǰμӿˣһӰȴָɽֹһֱͷþòɢ
ǰһˣǿ˵Ŀ٣Ķ֡
𿼺˵Ŀ٣ҲѧԺڵĵʦʵɲ⣬ͬ˵߽֣ʵѹͬһײ㡣
еĹҲ򵥣ͬʵֻӮ˸𿼺˵Ŀټɡ
Ķսʵȷʵر
Ȼѹͬһˮƽս飬һЩʽãȴʵʵڵĶֵĴڡ
Щû취ѹƣҲȥѹơ
ˣͨ˵ѧԱëǣ֮١
ڣһ˳֣ͻȻذʮˣҲüž
һ΢ǸֶĺͻȻתһƬ۵Уκα顣
徳ء
ʵģǼΪټ
ͳͬĺĻص㣬һƵ·ĳͰ㣬ԵüΪɬ
꣡
ֳľڿлһԲȦһ̶ԼɫĹâէ֣ڴʱ˿Եüҫۡ
ý
Ǻ˼״ƺֳһ˿Ц⣬ҲԵ
⡣

ƺֻ̧֣ڿһУһĽâֱƿնܳ

ӹ׹䣬ڿлһ۵Ĺâš顱һǺ˽С
ݣݣ
ĻţһĽâϸ֣һԲȦǰΣڿٵʧǰƬա
һʱ䣬˫ΧԣһϢȴ𽥵ڣһɿֲϢڼٵɢʶȥ
ȡ
̧ľ̤ǰһͳĺеȻ졣
꣡
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һͳĺе𻢻ϢϴԶɢȥ
ͬʱһϢ֮ͷųǰٱȶȥ
ã
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˸ֶĶ󣬲ɵͷ̾

ţĶҲͣͣһӣһ𣬴ѤʵĹâ͵
ϢֱǰȥЮһϢǰͳȥ

һײ֮˫¶һ̶ڼɢȥ
Ȼеľһһ䣬һһУһĽ̶Զɢ̶
飡
һӳľٶ죬Ѹ֮ǰն£
˴˿̷̧𣬳Ϲâէ֣ҫۣ
̧ʱһŽƿյͬľײһ𣬱춯صľ졣
ѸͣΧԵļɷΧڣԱһƣǵصظţۻ棬һϸ΢ĺۼԵøĴۡ
ˣ
յУӰٵػ̶ٵصһ죬յڵϡ

һĿлǰƬռС
ǰˣУҲ¶һ˿صɫ
ӣҲûô׶Ը
ɫ䱸ؿǰɫҲ𽥱Щ˵
ľֻӶڿлŴһĽ̶ٵس֣γһ޼ɵϢǰ¶һĨϲɫ

ǳ̲
ͣļ̌ǰָǰ˲䣬һͺлͬʱǽ˲֣ޱ
໣
һƺϴװ㣬ֱʶ
һ˲䣬зͳ˻㣬ХϣӰӹûγһӰź˿ٳȥ


33 Ұ
ţ
ֳֳڣХ˻ʱüͷһ壬Ҳżֲ˼ɫ
ȽǱȽϺ
벻ССͣӵʽ
ŵС㡣
˲ؿţҲ¶һĨصɫУ¶һ˿ŵɫ
ͣ
֣һ㷢̶Żһľ죬ڴ˿̲ϳ֡
ʱ˺ὣ潣˸˸һۣĽֱǰȥ
ľ֣ɫû˿ı仯ֻǻ̧ƣľӶ䣬Լ仹ХڰĶɢ
â磬һɯ}˵ĺϮ
ὣǰ˲
ۣۣۡ
ǰ˲Ϣ仯תΪӶֻڿһĽۡ
Хңֱǰȥ
ɫƽ糣ֻǳлӶֻ趯ͽޱȵĹƾֵ
ɲǼ䣬ǰ֮Ҳʼ¶һ˿صɫ治ɫ˲Ϣ仯һɺէ֣̹Ǳ䡣
һɺƹ֮㣬ʸڳϣúƶЩ䡣˿սزɷָƾžḻһʱҲѷ֣ĹϤֵ
տĴڣӰʱ󣬻һ޼ɵڼ䲻ϸֳĺʮɿⶼظܵ
˻
ǿս
ĹƣҶϵĻûһ˿ʤ㰡
ߣƾ㣬оͰˡ

ʮӰվһԣ˵ս۷׷ס
ⳡսҲЩ˵֮⣬һϮۣɫ򶨵꣬˵Ҳмɫ
ƾ徳صʵ͵ǰսмĿˣʵɲô򵥵ġ

۷׷׼䣬սĵȴǳغһҲ¶һ˿صɫ

һͳľĵһ䣬ͻȻ䷢̶
ৡ
˿̣Ų̤Ĳһ߹ڱӿĺУӰͬӰڴ˴ٵӹһӰ㣬ڼٷɳ۶ȥ
ڶĺˣһ֣󿪴ϼ䣬޾İʽ·ˮɣˮȻ

˫ײͳı㣬ֱǰȥ
ԭԼĪƬ֮˷վ˴˶ţȴһԡ
ԭڼսеͬʱ֣ͣ·뵽ԵļžС
ԼĪϢֳ֮ľͻȻ仺˶дصķڴ˿̿ٴݶ
ţĿ֮Ҳʼ¶һ˿صɫ
Ϣӿ䣬һʵĽ֮ɢ
ľӶ䣬صڶߵͳصͣЪΧԣĽΰ㣬ֱǰȥ
ţ
˵ɴ˫ֱۣĶ¶һ˿˼ɫ
Ȼ˶Ĺ켣Ϊȴ֣趯Ķȴĳֲ֪ϣͬһͷ̾ݷľ㡣
֪ںʱееͻȻ仺˫еľӶҲصڲϴ
ϣ
ͻȻ䣬һֹͣԭأһ̶
ľͣסĿϯȥһĺâ絶ӹһۼ
ˣˡ

һ̣Цá
ڶʽ
Ұ
ʱŲľͬʱƶ̳˲䣬ӰҲ֮ӳ·ĳ޼ɵϢ㣬ֱǰȥ
أ
䡭
ݳľƮƮͬһ߰㣬ֱӶնȥǰͳȥʱǰ֮Ҳʼ¶һ˿صɫ
ȣ
˿̣˼״ҲɣеһͳĺǾװ㣬ֱǰȥ
ɲǼ䣬˫˴˶һϱӿȵˣЮĺâֱź˶Գȥ
һ¶ţûһ˿һͣǾװ㣬ֱǰȥ
һʽǳ̲
УΪƽݷǱǳ̲ڣȴһɱ
ڶʽҰ
ԭ̾ɣգ죬´󾪡
ĵڶʽ֮бȣ졣
Զͼ֮
Ϊڶʽ
أ
Хһ̣о̾ᣬڴĴصЮޱĽ⡣
ڶʽ
¡
һƵٽǰ̣ͷ̾ᣬױȵϢֱǰȥ
ɲǼ䣬ǰ֮Ҳʼ¶һ޼ɵϢ羪װ㣬쳹⡣
ͳıϵԹս˸ȻھԶĺˣȴ׵壬һֱܵĿֲѹȸУȴһֱ֮ȥ
ľȻѹ徳أЩս飬ʶȵЩȻڣʱη壬ɫȻ糣泯ǰֱ̧ۡ
¡
ͻ𣬴Ʋɵ㣬ֱǰȥ
ʱ䣬ǰ֮Ҳʼ¶һĨɫʱһ޼ɵڴ˼صϡ
顭
һ޼ɵΧײƵԶԶ
ֱըصϣڶߵ֮Ĳڶ߻ص
ڵķΧڣԱһŨصţһʱΧ۵˾ޱȣ׷Ͷ
ҵıըʮ֮󷽲ֹ̳ͣУ˵ӰҲڻֳ
ѧԱͨ
ˣͲ֪浽׷ʲô飬ڲʱ򣬺ǲȴ
ʲô
ͨˣ
⣬ôܡ
徳صʵȻͨ
ںµɲǣΧʼһﵱжŲ˼顣
Ϣʵ̫ͻأһЩһʱ仹Ӧ
лʦ
¶Ĺ̳У˵ﵱгŸм
ţ
ȥɣ
ģȻ˻ᴦ
ǺɫȻֻһ֣˵
ǣ
ޱȣͷ¡
սһ˾ȥȺȺҲ¶һ˿ϲɫȻҲޱ˷ܡ
˽һ˷׷ңٵȥ߳˴
ͨϢҲ˵ȥѸٴɽѧԺ
֣һεɽѧԺڴ顣

Сӣɲ򵥰
عڼžĴڣ泯Ŵ⣬ʧӰ̾
ӣɽѧԺеˡ
治֪ʲô
̾ϢʱƣʧֱȫʧƬУӰҲ֮ʧ


34 ķԺ
ͨˣмϢڲ֪ѾɽѧԺ
һͻϢһεؼ˵ĻȻѧԺڣǳмڸ߼Ӣ۷׷ף̸
Ȼʱȴδ֣ǰֻڡ
װκĴڣеķ󷢳ѤĹâͬǳ׹㣬ڲʱҫţһѤĿĹ⻪ڲ
ڷλãǵ¯ð˿˿ʱĿصĶţƽ·һȫʧһ
͡
¯ڷϣϱ濾ţ̶ʱԵޱȴ̶
һֱǰ۾һ󣬷һһ顱ͻȻ䴫

һֱ߶ȾŵͻȻ䳤һһӣһ¯ͻȻƶһǰһ̨档
˿̣Ķǵ¯һ򿪡
ʱ磬Ƣ˾Ϊ֮һҲ¶һ˿ϲɫ
Ǽʱ䣬ǰ֮Ҳʼ¶һ˿صɫϢĶ䣬һȻ
ſͻȻ֨һ죬ⲽ
ɹˣ
ӵ¶һ˿ɫ
ڣƣʱ޿̵ɢȥһܡ
ţ
Ҳ
Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣЦſ˵
Сӡ

Ӳϵ¶һ˿ɫ̶ȴ̾ﵱҲżֵĲ˼顣
һҹ֮ĳɾ͡
أǼ򵥵ĵ䣬ڽӴΪʱöѣչֳľ츳ҲĽޱȡ
ͬʱӵҲң츳׵꣬ȻԼĵӡ
ϴһ˿΢΢Ц⣬ӻǰվ

΢΢ͷɳ̾ͬʱﵱУҲԵüΪ⡣
ҩ˵ĳɫ
ѰĵҩƷ׸һ

˵Ӳϵ¶һ˿Ľɫɸ̾
۽磬Ȼֱܷ
Ǿѵš
ȹڶʦľ硣
ҪͻƵĻûôס
ӻ˵ҲͻȻõͳҲ˶Եãǰ̡
Ҫһ·ԶĻ棬ҩֱҩĵȵȣеķġ
ЩҪȫյġ
ӿ̸гȰζ
ʦס
΢΢ͷ꣬
Щֺγأ
仰󣬹΢΢׵ͷ
ܹЩȻҲΪο
¯״򿪣öԲº͵ĵҩͬ

ҩѪ
Ѱĺöˡ
΢΢ͷҲ¶һ˿ϲ⡣
Ǽ䣬ϣҲ¶һĨϲɫﵱҲ
Ƕʦ֪ʶԶԶ
ҪһЩ
գҸʱȥɽЩҩĶժ
һǱҩģעɼķʽ
ֻԼȥҲܽҩԭⲻĲժ
˵ţӻͳһƤֽʮζҩģִһۿȥ඼һЩҩģô׵õġ
ǣʦ
ؽӹ
ɽҲʱȥһˡ
ڣʵﵽһƿȻҪ
۵ĶôͨҲ̸ֽˡ
ܹѧۣͨõʵʵУʵսԼĶ
ɽѧԺڣȻأꬵˣǰǰҲս١Щվ֮ս
ߣվҪ֮սܹɳ
ľ֣ش֮
᲻

պһװһľֻɽѧԺ
Դչֳ츳ΪŵӺɽѧԺڹͣҲȥ
һǰ⵼ʦ޹¼ɻڵţȴδֽ
Щȴδϣʱٶȷɿ죬ɽгһӰ㣬ֻǼ䣬Ѿ˳
ǲְĵĸоָоһֱͷغһдһˬϢ˾Ϊ֮һ
ܶӰɽڣطߣ·ϿǰŴɽǰ
һۣĶסӣ˶ڱУҲûע⡣
һǣʩչӰһаֱǰȥš͡Զӹȥ
ʱңԶһɽǰԵǰҫۣԸǰͶ뵽һɽڡ

ɽ
ˣ
ʱ泯ǰصغһͬʱɫҲͻȻЩ仯
̼ǵãһǰҹﱻ٣ƣֻܵײײŲ·ؽɽ
һĻԾޱȵԺг֣ʧ
ȻһǰǰĶԱȣȴͬ

һ˦ܣһ죬ڴ˿̿ǰ
ʮﳤӵ£ӽһʱҲͬƽϸԵǰѸ٣͵ǰ
һɽһɻϢϮԼлһϮѪȵϢ֮η
ɽѧԺʵȻۺ񡣡
ȻڴɽڣҲзԺĴڡ
רŹɽѧԺѧԱϢ֮á
ʱɽﻹһŵͼǹӸġ
ҲΪˣŷ֣ڴɽڣɽѧԺȻзԺɽУյͼָʾֲˡ
⣬Ҳϡ
һԺκһԺɽѧԺרڴɽڣɱޣǸѧԱṩԴĳ
ѰߣɽСӣЯĹҲֻάһʱ䡣
ǣɽѧԺĵʦѧԱȴһ££꣬һ궼Ǿġ
ȥķԺ
յͼָʾ¶ġ
ȻȥķԺĵͼȻȥ
ݳǰԣɽڵĴķԺΪΣܻܲһЩޣԷ޵ҡ
һЩַ»þɽѧԺڲѧԱʦ˸Ҳ׼ȷķλԼȥķ
ķԺشΣ̵ľҲʮͼָŵ·ߣҲһ̵·̡
ͨеĻٶȻӰ죬ʮ·Ҫ졣
ȻȴͬӰƮɣĴּ䣬ҲƽأܵЩ֦Ҷ첻˿Ӱ졣
ͬһֻ㣬ŲỺֻ̤һ㣬ͽȥӰֻ֮ҶţӰʧ


35 Ź
ԴĴּ䣬Ķľ޵ĵͺڴ˷
һƬĴּ䣬˼ĵطһӰٿ˸
һӰٶ죬ͬһȰ㣬ż棬̤ǰѣֻ΢մһˣȴѾӳֱʧԶ
꣡
ꡣ
кһڵͳĺӰ㣬ڵٿ˸ٶ죬һޱȵĺۼ
յͼϵָʱѾ˽ʱҵʱ䣬Ȼеͳǰ·ȴûзһͷޣֻ;·᫣Щ߶ѡ
ķԺ뻹Զ
Щطû·
ڴּٵ˸ҲڰпţͬʱҲڵͳ
ʱ˿̣УҲʼ¶һ˿صɫϢҲʼ仯ĳ
һֻ㣬ϣȻ·᫲ƽٶȴ죬һ޵ӰӰ㣬ֱǰȥ
ʮ·ƽأҲֻʱ䡣Ȼ˿̣ȴ˽һʱ䡣

ĳƵɽ棬һϮۣ
յͼָɽѧԺڴɽڵķԺˡ
ǣĶ
վһ߿֮ϣĿԶǰǲãһƬֻлҵϣɽ֣𻩻Զڵͳ˻֮Ĳ
һĻɰü
ǰһ龰ѧԺһͰĽ
ɽͣԼĪʮ֮ͻȻ䷢һ˿Ĺâ·޶ĿĹ⻪ڵڶ
ţ
ô£
һзһƳĵС
ɽѧԺѧԱơ
ȻʱȴųѤĿĹ⻪ͬʺҫ۶Ŀ

һ鲻棬ȴֳһĹâͬˮתһ㣬ڷˡ
վӰЩ˼ضǰ
һȦһȦĹâڶ𣬴ѤĿĹ⻪·Ȫӿյ֡
ˣ
ˡ
Ȼǰ磬·Ҳʼŷ츲صı仯һȦȦĲƣڵг
Ǽʱ䣬ǰ֮ͻȻ䷢츲صı仯ǰĿ·ˮһͻȻ䷢һ䡣


ˣ
󣬿ķ⼤ң·һ͸ıĤ㣬ڷһ캧ˣڵϡ
ʱ䣬ǰ֮ʼһһ޵Ӱӣ𽥳֡
ţ
ؿǰ䣬ɰüͷ
ƵУһöƿʼҫ۶ĿĹ⻪ڵ֣ϡ
Ǽʱ䣬ǰһҲʼ仯һӰ𽥳֣γһֺĹɽǰ棬ͬʱһϢڵϡ


һͳĺĿдЩŵضǰƬ
͡
ڣһƬâˣʼȫ
ĲԶԭͱѾʧȡ֮һֺĹѤĿ·ǽ⸲ǰҫۡ
š
š
벻ȻһֺĹ
ʱ̾ǰҲֳһ󲻿˼ɫ
ҲڰԸ̾ţɽѧԺĴֱʡ
ڴɽڽôһѾ൱ˡ
ңһǿ󷨸ֽȥƾɽѧԺƣҲڣȥ
ֺĴ棬һѤĿĹ⻪ڵϣΪѤ
Ȼ˿̣ȴͣƺ󣬴ֱӳǰһȥ
Բιţ·һˮĻ㣬֮Ȼð
δȥ֪һûɽҰˡ
Уţ͸һϢܡ
Сӣվס
ͻȻ䣬һӰ
·ϣͻӰҲ˲ͣס
ʱɰüЩ˼תͷš
ţ
תͷһӣһɱ뺷׳ϢһѾ޸ڼͷֻһƾɵƤЦЦض

Ȼġ
ѧúýһ㡣
ֿӼٿ۵ӣɴЦ
˵꣬ӾʹӰѾǰǰ
ͬʱڲԶӿ϶һĨЦЦɫ
ٺ١
Ÿ磬СӣȻֻǰ
ӣкöˡ

һЦЩӶƾɣǺ룬ЩЦЦضſ
Ƕ¡
һСӶѣҪʦڣ
˳ŸȴǹЦʾ˺ˡ
֪֪
Ÿ磬ʱɱֵǰ
һȣǼҲЦҲˣֻվۿ
ѧǵһɣ
Źߵǰϼһ˿Цݣ˵
ʶͣ½Ų̧ͷǰӵĶ
Ҹúý
ɲѰķԺ
ŹǰҪסͬʱҲڿ˵
ৣ
һתһȦֱӵơ
ţŹЩ죬̧ͷţŽߵ꣬ϴһ˿΢ŭ̽ƽڰգȴԵЩΡ
ˣˣ
ԭһֱΧڲԶˣʱ̤ǰϴһ˿޵Цݣ˫дһƾ⣬ֱ
ô
ѲɣԶ٣
ڵˣһüͷͳ֮
£
ŹͺһʾЩ£ͬʱǰЦſ˵
ѧܣˡ
ֻһ¶ѡ
û˼
ŹǰҪٶ֣Ҫץס
ǣԼĪҾʱȴͻȻһ١
꣡
ԭͻȻ齣һĽŻһɺ磬ֱǰȥ
飡
˽һ֮󣬾˲ײһ𣬷һƵ
һʱ߽ˡ
ף
Сӡ
Ȼõľ
Աߵ˷Щ˼顣
ڲԶͬԿŵŹȴɫأЩ˼ضţ¶һ˿ɻɫ
еľ޸ͬľײһеĴݿಢδ֣໥ƽһʱ侹ȻЩ¡
Ÿ磿
Ÿ磡
ԱߵļˣɾȳЩ˼ؿš
ડ
ŲͬŹ˼ͬʱһվڲԶŶԷ


36 

һźŹкͬʱɫҲʼı仯ɫת伫Ϊʡ
޸Уֱһͬ̾㣬Ƥֱܲϡ
꣬ꡭ
ŹϢţһɳصϢкؿڲȻܵѹС
Ÿ磿
ôˣ
ԱվſŹɫҲԵЩ졣
УһսӦŹݿֱ࣬ӽԷܲǡ
ڴķԺڻ켣ڴɽǵʵĺܡ
ǰ꣬ʵ಻徳أôͬŹƽ֣
Ź徳ظ֣˵ڴ˵ʱ䣬Ǳô򵥵ģ
˫˴˶ţһԡ

ԶǰȥľɫΪء
վڲԶˣڼǰ󣬺һΧҪס
ĸ
£
ûڣվŹȴڵͺȳ
Ÿ磿
Ÿ磬Сӡ
˲תͷŹЩ졣
ſ
£
ŹͳصЩãȻ
ǽţվڲԶ۶
лλѧ
ϴһ˿Ц⣬˵
ţŲصǰȥવĽŲԶȥӰ֮ʧ
Ÿ磬ôСˣ
ǣǣԺú档
ǰͬ˵֮Ų⡣
Сӣ򵥡ŹԶıӰʲôֻҪķԺڣûô
ˣ
ŹҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵

ǣŸ
Ժеǻᡣ
һ㶣ȴ˵ﵱҲżֵɫ

ķԺڣǼˣΪһճǶѡ
ڿĽֵϣŲڵϣΧڶԣЩ졣
һԺֻеļѣΧϰϰԵø£ˬ
ǰԼĪнһңһֺĽεضĿ⡣
ݹʦ˵ӦþеǼˡ
һ̨ûеĽаԲ
ǰɽķԺҪеǼǡ
֨
߽ƿţһɹӲɣϢϮ
ĽԾ˲ʱ䣬˿¼ǽ϶޵ĵ̣ƺһƼΪŨصɱ
ЩȻ壬ֻڰԸ̾š
һ¥Ĵڰ޹⣬ټĿռڣֻһˣ߽УŲƬտĴڲϻص
ڴ˿̧ͷǶ¥ϣһ΢Ĺâ͸ƬҹԵޱȴۡ
Ӧˡ
һֵĴһϲŲǰȥ
˶¥ƹŵĵطһɫĽԼɼһӰ
ѧԱ
ǰһŻ۵ӣ̧ͷ
飬ǴķԺԺ
ǡ
ޱȣͷ˵
鶢һֱĬú󣬷ǻ˵
ڴɽڣÿһҪɱһͷһޡ
ֻܼͣ
˵Եӡ
ɽһ£ʱҪɱʮͷһޡ
仰һ㶣ԵЩ˼顣
û
Ժ
ǰ˵
ˣȥˡ
סһκ󣬱Ҫɱ㹻ޡ
˿ȴػӻ֣Բͷ˵

һʱסȻЩԶԡ
תһ룬ҲȻˡ
һޣڵ˵ҲʲôرѣֻķһЩʱˡ
ڵĵ֮ǲժӵʦǼζҩġ
ЩҪġ
ͣûһʱ䣬תͷȥ
ڣ鿴ȥıӰǴһ˿Ļȡ
񣬻᲻Щˣ
ȻǹͷԸģӦûʲô°ɣ
Сӣ򵥰
ﵱҲżֵ

һҲֻͣǾ򵥵ʰȵڰʧһ˿ֵʱ˴ķԺ
ৣ
ޱߵѧԺԵһӰٿ˸ͬһȰ㣬ֱʧǰĺڰС
ȥ֮ǸмӰ֡
Źȼˡ
Ҷˡ
ʱô죿
Źֱǰͳ˵
ǣ
ԱߵļˣͷͬʱҲ¶һ˿ײЦݡ
ʱֵ峿Խɽִɳɳ
һȰӰԼĴпٳ̶֣һӰ޵ӰӵС
ৣৣ

˿̾ͺһֻ㣬ٵӹصķһӰ㣬ֱǰȥ
ľнţ಻ɽּ䣬޳Х𡱵ĵͳ
ڴּ䣬ԼĪʱ֮ٶͻȻ˷·һͷݷҰް㣬һƵɽ档
ʱ˫΢Уγһϸ죬ƽһĺе̶ѸٵⷽյС
飡
ͻȻ䣬ԭڿն˷·һֻ㻬轵žϵһͷȥ

žž
ƺҲܵΣգԼĪһɳ̵ʼŤһȻһ磬ࡣ
žǴ׳βײԵķֱӴգͬһһĻ
ߣ
ʱ׼һߴеͬʱ̧еľź磬Ƶĵݳ顱һ졣
ľͬβײһ𣬷һƵܵľ֦ײһ˲䱻Ļţ

һ죬磬ٺ˶ֱӱɣײڴ棬ֹסơ
һֻ̣оѪһһּŻ¸Уڲ
һ̧еľ棬˿ͣǰȥ
˿ȻҲޱȷŭͬһβͲ˦
Եľ֦ײ¶׷ѿѳѺۣм׷ɣľѣڶ߲ϻص

ʱ˻ͬʱļ̌ŻһõӰӣڵвϳ֡
ǳ̲
һݳ·Хͳ˻𣬷·ƬӰвϳ١
ƴˡڶ߲ϻص
꣡
է֣ڴ˿ͻȻ֣յйɣγһѤĹâĿ³ǰȻնȥ


37 ɽŶ
ž
еĽͬͬӰβײһ𣬷ڶ߻ص
ߣ
еһߣľ˲Ϣ仯һۣһѤĹâȻһϡ
ʱէ֣Ӷһ޴Ӱڴ˿̿ƶͬһӰ㣬Ťͷת棬˸Ѥ׵ĹâֱӶŵͷ¡
һƣľһ˿ţɫȻ糣һ̹Ǻڼ䱬ӿ
ޱȣβӣڿ˦Ӱľ֦ͬи㣬׷ڵϣ
ĲмУϢ䣬ƽû˫͸޵ĺɫеĳѤĹڴ˿Եǰҫۡ
飡
һзȻ죬һ͡Ĵ̶ڴ˿ͻȻǰ̶ȥ
߹ڴ˿໥һ𣬾Ȼһʱ
кâ֣һöڸת̹ǵĺâڿٳ֣ת䣬ǰ˹ȥ
¡
Ӵ˲ֹסһʱӲȴǱͻĺЩٻ
ڣ
һϲҽǰ̤һľ𣬴ĺâһţи˻˻죬׼ȷھߴ档
أأء
صһ˲乭ͬݰβͲ˦ײľ֦ϣһƬľĴ̶
ľŲϻӶһ쳣пٴ̶ȻϮǰ
Ƭ̺һѾȫʧȥбŵһ֦ϡ
һЦҲɣǰֱӰѾӴƿȡһɺߵ
һΣջǲС

ߵŹӸҩĵƤֽʼɽѰҩġ

ԴĴ֣죬ɽӹصƬԭʼֶ˼ֲɣϢ
һϮۣһմѪһľȴޱȷżնܵľ֦Ҷ׷׵䣬ǰľѶһһͨĵ·
ҲݣƷҩģ΢Ʒҩ䵤
һƤֽϵָҲϸϸҩģͬʱܵҩֱ棬ͣ
ɳɳɳ
žɽּ䣬ֻڴдڶ̶
ţ
͵أĽŲͻȻͣס̧ͷǰͬͱϣ˫۲ɽضţ¶һ˿ϲ
Ҳݣͱϡ
Ȼ١
΢΢ףҲ¶һĨϲɫ
ܹһƷҩģȻҲס
ӿŲһƬͱ棬̧ͷǰҲһԼĪ磬Ƕͱڣ΢ڲƮԵ÷ۡ
ȻҲڵλãԼĪжʮңͺͺͱϣֻмӲ֣ԵЩ
ֻԭͣƬ֮ǰͬһֻ㣬ǰֻǼ䣬ѾͱԼĪɾ룬һЩʯɳɳʯϣޱȡ
ȻͱڹͺͺһƬҲһЩ͹ʯЩӰͬһֻ㣬ǰһһ䣬ӹһεľ롣
˿̣ʸͱڣ·һӰ䣬Ѿٵӹͱ֮ϵһҲݿٵؿ
Ӱ˿Եøһһ䣬ͺһӰ㣬ͱٵʸ䣬ͿٵӹҲݵ·

΢΢һɫޱȵ˫з·ĳǰ
ľһһֻһ̵߳Ķ̽֡
˿̣СǰһӰʱĶҲʼỺ°һҲݸŪһ
ҲݵĲժģ˿ȻǵһβժһЩ̣֪
ķԼĪһҵʱ䣬㽫һҲݲժ
ţ
ͻȻ䣬ǰһʶ̧ͷȥֻؾλõʮ֮ϣһСĹľۡ
ڹͺͺһƬͱϣһԹľĳԵЩ죬Ĳǹľ͸ľԣһƺɫĿռ䣬һϢڴ˿͸Ŵ

Ѳɣ滹Ŀռ䲻ɣ
ɻͬʱӰٵӹǰһƬ֣ͬһֻٵǰʮҵľ룬Ǽʱѡ
ףҲȵص׺ﵱгżֵĲ˼顣
˿̣ҲЩš
ھһԹľҵʱ͸оһɱϢϮӵص׵дһԵЩ̹ǡ
Ȼʱȴͣ·һӰ㣬ٵǰܿͿһԹľ
Ȼ󣬼һĻʱȻ
иڡ
ǲ֪ʲô
͸һԹľԷһĶڣԼĪɿ߳߸ߣ߽ȥҪ΢
˫ܿǰʱ䣬һƬͱھͿٵʸ˲ٵƶŷһӰ㣬ֱǰȥ
ˣ
ľɽּ䣬Ų£̤Ǹɽ棬ͳһ𵴶
ɽھĵһƬûκεһƬεδˮڶ
ǰһƬڣȴš
һǰﱻϣֻ֮һ˽ɽеĻﲻ֪ռû赲

гһӣһһŻԾâ˲ڵɽ
һɽխߣֻèߡ
ңԼĪʮʱǰȻʣм·֣žеһ·ԥ߽ȥ
ડ
ľɽڣֻĽŲػصƬռԵǰ
߶ȾţǰһжУɽھһƬ˵ȴû˿Ӱ졣

ꡭ
ͳĺлؿϺ
ɽڲռ󣬽Ųصڶ
߽ɽڲδеڣܵɽϣһڴСĶڣɽޱȣҲûôڡ

лߣԴأһڿڴصϢĿдӶȥ
ȻʱĽŲȴ͵һͣΪڿտɽڣĿԶ֮һƬɺɫͻȻ֣Եùޱȡ


38 
ǰԶһƬɺâ֣ѪӰ㣬Եǰ
һ˲䣬ĽŲʶͣסľᵲǰϳŽ䱸ɫʱĺҲ΢
ʲô
Զȥڰš
ɽУһĪԺһֱϣ·ʱʱ̵̿ΣգԺиֳ
ʱǰ֮Ҳʼ¶һѤĿĹ⻪ڼ䲻ϳ֡
ء
ءء
ͳڴ˿һƬɺĹâһ˫˫͸ѪɫĿ⣬ںڰлؿš
ǣ
ɽüͷЩ˼ضǰɫгŽ䱸
ڣĹ͸ڴСĶڴ͸ڵϣԿ
ǣ
һޡ
΢ĹâǰֵǼӰʱʶص׺һľǰŽ䱸֮ɫ
أء
ɽһȺȴڲϵ׺ɺĿֱгŨŨĽ䱸֮ɫȻǲΣˡ
ʱɿЦһЩΡ
ɽڣͬһȺ·꣬ضҪһս
棬ͱڣȻûôס
ϣ
ľ֣һ࣬ĺâһɺɢ
ʱ˿̣ҲһɺâΧԶ
վһ޶ѣлδʲô˺
𣡡
䡭
ǵĵͳ˻ڴ˿̽𣬵дŨŨĽ䱸֮ɫһѪޱȵϢʱ޿̵ܡ
꣡
顭
һƮƮľ֣趯һĽڵг֣ǰһֱڡ
УһѪϢһȺǣʮͷ̤žɽ䣬صڵиֶ


ľ֣ƶڿת̶͡쳣
ǳ̲
һͺȣ羪װ£˲𣬴һҵֱӳ
ʩչںת͡Եһ˲뽵ʮȡ
纮ƮѩһƬãµĺϼٻصƮɢȥ
䡭
𡣡
ЩһͷͷХͳ˻ڶ߻صϡ
ɽڿռǵʮͷ̳ʱȴԵôСҵĽŲڴ˷ʮͷǽϵسֱ
ߣ
ҲҲ񣿡
һ̣߳еһͳ˻𣬻㣬ڴ˿̺Ȼ¡
ľ𣬴һĺâֱǰȥ
һ޼ɵɢȥµĺƹ֮㣬ʱ޿̵س֡
飬飬顭
ЩǳǰȴضסӴصؽŽ䱸

ͻȻһͳľ죬ںȻ䴫ʮͷǷֿɢͬʱһѰӴһĺӰлⲽ

ĿһӰϵʱҲЩ仯ﵱҲʼһֲ˼顣
ɿĵطͣ£Ӵű壬ѪȵϢͭС˫ʺɫֱ
ǰһȺ˫ʺǣзءɺĿֱΣյĸо˿ͣЪ
𡣡
Хװ㣬ը졣
𡣡
ЩȺҲͬХϣϢڴ˿̲ţɢȥ
ৣৡ
һȺٶ죬ʱ䣬ѾӹһõӰӣֱǰ
泯ǰɫ򶨣û˿ı仯
ֻڴ˿̣еļ̌

һ̣磬ľĻӶյһޱȵĽۣһһĹȦ֣У͡
һʱŲǰƣͬһȵӰӰ㣬յпӹֱܿ˽ȺС
Ǵ˷Ǻһص֮ĲХڶ
ȴһӰ㣬ͬȰǰڵпӶǣֱӽչȴ˿ûӰ쵽塣
ľ棬źں鱻ٴ߶͡ڴʱ˿̼ɢ
һɺ磬ĺâֱǰȥ
ľһһ֮䣬ͬ糤Х㣬ٵϯڴ˿̼ɢ
ʱƣܵЩǣжʼͣɺ˫УȴżֵİӰҲЩóٻ
飡
һӳһƬĽ˲䷢̶

죡
һУǵʽҲһʽ
飡
飡
ľ棬һصϢ趯ͳڴ˿̲ϴ
𡭡
ȺƺҲܵв˷ĳХͬӰ㣬ɽлص
Ȼ治ɫȻŶޣɫҲδ˿ı仯
ƣ
죬Ҫģһ֡
£ǰָȥһ̽ƺ֮𣬴ءֱǰȥ
һǰ¶һĨصɫľ趯͡ڴʱ˿ͻȻ䷢ŷ츲صı仯
һгХ˿ϣǾأƿɽòϢ
أʱƣЩ޵ĵͺҲ𽥱õͳ󣬱ĳأֱȫʧ
ȫžձ÷ĳأЩվзء㣬ڴ˷ػص
ৣ
һ⣬ͻȻ侪һеľɢڿгͣһ޼ɵĽ⣬ֱǰȥ
ʱ˻󣬳Хϣ֮Ĳ죬ԼĪʱ䣬Żʧ
أ
ͻȻһֱХɽͻȻ䴫
һǰΪ㣬Ⱥֱ˹ȥγһӰھǲԶȻѿͳ˻ص
¡
¡¡
ͳıڴʱ˿ͻȻէ𣬻صƬžɽ䣬Եǰͳ
һϮۣɫ򶨵ضǰĿûһ˿һı䶯ͬʯ㾲
ɽڣڶǵ˻òϢǾװ㣬ص
ৣ
ͻȻ䣬̧𣬼̶һӰֱǰȥ
žɽڣʱڣڲϻӶţ̶ͳ˻㣬ڴ˷ص
һ̣һӰ㣬ֱӹգڿһޱȵĽ̶ۣٵԶȥǲҾ˻֮ɢ


39 ѩ
һ죬죬羪춯أԴ̳նȥ
ɲǼ䣬ƬСɽڣʱͳصڴ˴
Ⱥǵصس֣˷ָ˻ϣڵķ򣬶ɢ

һһ˻羪װ㣬ֱǰȥ
ĵв಻㣬ֱڿն𣬻㣬ֱǰȥ
ৣৣ
ݡ
ٶȷɿ죬ͺһӰ㣬ֱƿնȥȺмٻصǰ˹ȥ
һȺǸֵסͬݿ㣬ֱӱɢ˷ĵͺڶ߿ٻص
飡
һͳǰָǰȻ䣬ڣһ˲侪ǰȻȥ
أء
ĿзͳͭС͸ŹɫΪ䱸ؽһĪͷϴ
ٺ١
ڣҺΣ
ֱǰ﷢һٺЦޱϣҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ĺڳٻ³ؿڲţһĺâҲ֮ɢ
ľ棬һɺʱٵɢһĺɽڵٻصϡ
𡭡

վϷͳ˻װ㣬ȻըܵĿռڼٻصϡ
飡
ͣ
̧𣬻һӰֱǰȥ
һ˲䣬˻ף죬𶯲ϣ죬ڴ˿̺Ȼ
Ϣ˻Х󲻶ϣܲϻص
ʱϢըڶߺȻէ磬ϣ󲨶
ľ֣ޱȣһһ֮䣬ޱܲϴ߽սһ𣬼һƬ͸ڴ˿̷ĻԶ
ͣ
Ƽתڴ˿̳ǰȻϯȥͬףֱԶնȥ
໣
ء
˺ѷεڼٴǿӰȫסͬһ㲻ƶһ̲Ѫڼٵ

ꡭ
ɽڣֻǵͳĺڴ˷𣬷صƬвϲ
ડ
ŲỺڵлУгŨصѪζȻȴɫ䣬ѪĿռ䵱Уȥ
ȫա
Ҳ˲١
⵹һСջ񡣡
ټĿռ䵱УУͬʱǰƬ磬Ҳ¶һỺɫ
ľ͡Ĵ̶ƬռЩĶ䣬£̶ƬԵ÷
ƬӴĿռ䣬һȺǣжʮͷһޣǶޣҲһ
Щջ񣬵ǲС
Ҳ¶һ˿ϲЦݣЩĶȫװİڡ
Ƭ޵ɽڣŲߣƬѪȵĿռڣĶҲС
ǰԼĪʮɣɽͻȻСԼĪֻаɿܵĹҲðδôֻǰ·ѡ
ţ
ͻȻ䣬ǰеŲ͵ֹסĿ⿴ǰżֵľ
ǰ棬ѵˮԴ
ããռ䵱УǵεδˮޱȵڶɫҲɱЩ

΢΢غһĿҲʼЩ仯ֱǰǰ¶һƬɫ
ણ
ꡭ
Ųɿ죬һˮ֮󣬴ǰȥ
ǰɽһˣľŲ߹ӦƬмٻص
ɽڣһɱˮϮǰγһƬˮ㣬ֱëȻ̹ǡ
ʱڵһöҲڸٵת͡һźҲϺȻըܲϵţϷһڴʱ˿̼ٵػص
ǰϴϮͬڵһɺƶصศɣҲû̫䣬෴Եޱ
СĿռڣ̧ߣǰĿռ𽥱һϯĺǰϯԵ÷
飡
飡
顪
һƬɽڣߣŲܣԵˮҲ
תһСֱ֮ǰȻʣǰһԲδܶ͹𣬷ʯͷʱпܵһ
ĵλãһˮ̶λãлˮԵ÷
ȻĿȴǱһ޴ˮ̶סˮ̶λãһԽ޵İɫ䡣
ǡ
һʱͣ½Ųվھˮ̶ԼĪɿ⣬дżֲ˼飬Щضš

˻
˿̣˻ҲЩ˼顣
ˮ
ģǰˮ
һ԰ɫĻԣɵɴ۾һضǰ˿ûд⡣
ˮΪƷҩģҲûʲôϡġ
ģǰˮˮڣһ޶ĿĻ䡣
һ꣬Ҫġ
Ʒҩģѩ
ˡ
ء
ǰŲڴ˵
ˮ̶Եʱһɴ̹ǵĺϯ̲סشһ
Ȼ˿м֣ǸͷԶƵس֣۾ضǰһˮ̶ڣɫˮоеıѩ
꣬ꡭ
촫Ųڵϣһͳı죬ӰһӰӰ㣬ֱǰȥ
żˮһޱȵĺۼޱɣǰȥ
䣬Ѿնããˮ棬ڰˮбѩĸ
Ȼ
ŽߵˮҲ¶һ˿ϲһŨЦݣҲɢ
ˮ̶ģһԼĪƴСʯ͹㣬վʱһӣһɼµĺϢڴ˿ͻȻ֡
һ԰ɫİˮںļ£Ʈҡ˸ƮɫڻƮ
ʱ䣬һ԰ˮȫزժϣ

Щˮ֮ͬʱעһתĿĵһʺɫıѩ档
ŲǰģڣҪġ
Ʒҩģѩ
һˣȻľΪҲЩһڵͳĺл³
صһ֣űѩ̽ȥ


40 ľ仯

һƽƳǰ̽ȥܵһɱ̹ǵĺ̲סһһɱ˪ĺڴ˿̺Ȼͷųȥ
еһѩھĴ²Ʈҡ޵Ļ䣬˸ϷһֱƮ
ৣ
ͻȻһ貵⣬Ƶ˸ͬĹâ㣬ԵǰѤ
ֻһУѩǽ۵Ļ䣬ڴ˿ͬڿ籩굱һڲҡţ·ʱиĿܡ
һҫ۵ĹâͻȻʧֱȫʧ
ֻоĵһһ使۵ʻѾУҲֳһ˿Цݣһ
ջС
ˮѩЩ֮ġ
һˮ̶УҲ¶һ˿Цݣ˵
أ
ͻȻһ̤ƴʱ׼һԾҪȥ
ȻʱӰȴȻһͣ˶ͣҲżֵĲ˼顣

ʲô
ڤڤ֮У·ܵĳֶˮ£ʱ޿̵Ժš
ոԾӰȻͣסֻͣаƴС͹ʯ棬ǰƬˮ
ˮ̶ˮǽˮʳˮƽˮ棬Ҳˮ󣬲ɢܡ
Ŀ˿ȴȫˮӭˮ쳣䣬·Ƥһ˪ëһ˪Ϯĺ嶼


Ŀ³һڳɫıϢһһ䣬ڲɢӳȥ
ͬʱڵһö飬ҲڴʱʼתܵЩɽȥ֫ٺڵڣźĸƶٵɢ
ȻڵĺźǴˮ̶ĺȴ壬Ҳ̲סЩ﷢ڴ˿̲ɢ
ȡ
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ͺ£ٽľһĽƣڴ˿̲ϳ֣ͻȻӳֱȥһһ˲ġ
ৣ
ʱһڴ˿̺ȻڵϣϷƣڴ˵ɢ
̧𳤽趯𺮹˸˸·һȦһȦĹâŶڴ˵ص
ꡭ
һ£ǰĿռȻһ죬㣬Ƭռڼٻص
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ľЮźâ̶ֱ£ǰˮ沢δκεĲֻǷһѣܵˮ򲨶ȴɢ


žĿռ䵱Уˮ𣬲Ϸ󣬳ɢ
ʱǰһһٻصƣγһӴУΪģܼɢ
ˮɢгͣϷޱȵˮſ¶·ˮס
ţ
ʱĿֱӹȥ͸һӴޱȵУǰҲ¶һ˿صɫ
еĵײһѤĹâڴ˿̲ɢϷ޼ɵɢ
һѤĹâͬ㣬ȻȥޱСȴޱȣвϵһ

ʲô
ĿֱӹȥǰҲ¶һ˿˼顣
ৣ
һͳֻһһɾȻԳΣ۵ĹĶѸٴģϼſˮֱˮ׶ȥ
̯ĳʱ̺Ȼƽգˮµˮ򷢳һ죬ˮһܣһˮ
ˮµһ⣬ҲĿ£ǰǲٶȣֱ𣬻һ⣬ֱʶ
顪
һɵͳһεսһö⡣
ǡ
һĻɽüͷЩضöֻˮδС״̬Ĺâ
УȥֳѤĹڲˮУĹâڲ

غһкǰγһƬʵ
ţʱƽģʱ顱һ죬һöˮ״ĹâȻڸת
ͻȻ䣬һöˮμڶ𣬿ʼһһУв͡鸡ǰĿռ䵱С
һɱһöˮΣڼٻص̹ǣëȻ
ȻڣһöҲڸٵתڵڷ͡ڶ
ǰĿ磬ڴ˿̷֮͡Ĳϯڴ˿Ե÷
ˡ
ˡ
һľȻ䷢춯ڲϷ̶ڶ
ৣ
Ȼ䣬һöˮ״ĺ⣬գƬз̶
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Ŀע£ľͬһâںϣļڴ˿
ľ
ѵҲʲôͬô
վˮ̶ģĿǰЩ˼飬ŵضš
Ŀע£ľԶ鸡ڰյУȻʼתһâʱҲ·ˮΰ㣬ڲǰںһ𣬷̶졣

΢΢غһ۾һضǰ
һľڴɽ֮ʱġ
濴ⲽȥʧյУоףˣضǼ򵥡
ʱ䣬ͽĵ޸ܹ
ں飬ɵ֣ˮȡ硣
һƮƮľ˿̿ȥҲЩͬȻܹںϽһö顣
ͷڼٵػصʱ޿̵ػĿȴֱӶǰһ©ʲôһ
ʱ䣬һâѾںһ𣬷͡Ĺâڴ˿̲ļµĴ̶
ԼĪʮϢ֮š͡һ΢ǰȻ䷢仯ľһöˮ״Ķȫİȥֱ󣬾Ȼȫʧ
˿̣һľδκεı仯Ȼƽ棬ͬѰľûκβ𣬵棬ȴԼһɺʱ޿̵ͷų


41 ػطԺ
꣡
顭

ľ֣ػӶкͷųĺâֱܣ̶ܶɢ
ã
ֻػӶǳʹһ̶ĺâһɱ˶ϢҲ̲ס̾
һһѳĶǰҲʼ¶һ˿ϲɫ
Ľضǲ
ȴЩϡ
ųػľ̶ڴ˿
ʱڵĺתһƺڴ˿̼ɢͬʱܲɢ̶ĵͳ
ţд𣬷еľȻȻǰƽ棬Լ¶ĳĴ̶죬Ҳʱ򲻶ڶ
趯ڻͨĸоһһʽ趯ôɬһľͺֱۣ֫һ֮趯Ĺâɢ

ľŲˮ˾Ѿӳȵ̤˵ϡ
ͬʱԣҲһ޵Ϣڵϣþòɢ
ɽڣһƬҲû죬÷ľ
ણ
˿Ҳͣɽڿ첽ȥ
ŲػصɽܣӰԶȥ𽥵ʧ
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һ·ȴҲûʲô鷳ֻԼĽŲڵвǰ
Ȼ䣬ǰȻʣһ貵Ĺâ͸ڴ˵Եޱҫ۵Ĺâ
ǰһƬ֮Ҳ̲סصһǰȥ
ৣ
ٶ죬ӰӶܿů⴫ɽּޱȵϢź÷¡
һɸߵϣڱһڱţ͸ڵ°߰ߵĹΣѤֶĿ
ڱڱסֻɼһ⣬ܹɼ
ǰ̧ľһ΢ĺҲл
飡
һ貵Ľ⣬Ȼڴ˿̴̶
ৡ
һӳѤĿڴʱԵ÷ҫۣӶۻֱӽһƬնңЩȫն
һ΢ըҶ֦ɳɳڵλñȫɾ

С¡
ֺ͵صһµϢ˱ǶľΪ֮һ
ԭƬ̺ҲֱͣӴֻһ壬˾͡顱һڿնڿлңֽ֦֦һ㣬ԭƣҲֹס
գ֦治ԾͬһֻٻѸڿն֦˸䣬Ѿȵվ˵ϡ
ʱıһ˶İһ˿ѪԭǺɫİȾ˰ɫЩ죬һЩѪֱӵڵγһ̯Ѫ
飡
飡
ŲڵϿٵ̤ֱǰȥ˿˸Ӱɡ
һγջѾЩˣҲʱشķԺ
ּ䣬ľ֦ݺᣬǰһ۳һţɽڲ󲿷ֵĵδ̤ģԭʼ֣ɽԨУ֪ݷʲôΣյޡ
˵ȴδʲôΣգһһԾ䣬ӰͺһȰ㣬ֱЩ϶Щ谭ҲӶһնϳ롣
ڴɽڣԼĪ˽һʱ䣬߳ŵͼָķԺ档
ͬǰǰһһɽ棬ɽѧԺѧԱƣ淢貵Ĺâһ͸ıĤ֣ӰҲΪ׵ͨ

ɽɽѧԺԺڡ
һվ۾ضڣɫȻ˵ı䡣
Ÿ磬СӶȥʮˣ˰ɣ
һŻ۵ӸŹԣ˵
棿ŹһԵľƿݺݵعһڣľƾ˳ĺֱӻ븹Уĸо̲ס̾һ
ߣˣ󡣡
ʮͷһޣôɱ
Źһͺ˵ĿǰҲ¶һ˿ɫ
ߣȻŸ߰
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ĵŰɣ
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ţ˶ǰǰҲ¶һ˿صɫ
ˣ
Ȼ䣬˵עУķԺڴһɢһӰ֣سС
ţһӰ֣ҲŹȼ˵ע⡣
٣ѧܻˣ
ʲôջ񣿡
һӰʱһŹ̿˵
ͬʱǵȼҲ첽ǰǰҲЩЦ⡣
һͿΧɫҲ𽥱ðУҲʼ¶һ˿صɫ
Է˵ƣҲЩ
չ涨һҪɱһͷһޡ
֪ѧܣ𣿡
ŹǰЦſ˵ﵱУҲżֵ֮ɫ
Ȼ˵һޣ˵̫ˡ
ͬʱҲҪﵽ徳أܹͬһһս
ʵȴ徳ضѡ
ôʵɽڣԱһ⣬ȥɱˡ
ŹΪһ㣬żΪǿҵš
徳صʵǿɲΪܹɱʮͷޡ
˶ЦվŹҲ¶һĨЦ֮ɫ
ѧܣǰȰһ䡣
û񣬴ķԺڣġ
ңҪһĴۡ
ŹЦ˵һ仰Уȴűĺ⣬ͬƹ֮㣬ʱ޿̵ɢ
治ɫҲȥŹĻ쿿ļˣɫûһ˿һı仯
Źȼ˳вĻɫȻһӴİǰŹǰվ
ѧ涨Ȼ֪ġ
˵Źȴ¶һ˿Ц⣬ۿš
˿̣ǼȴϷġ
Щ֪
Źȼ˼ӦԵʱֻ顱һ£˱İһ˿Ѫ涼Ⱦ˺ɫ

ɫİ򿪣һŨش̱ǵѪζ˶˼Żȳζʱ޿̵ܡ
Щɱޡ
ָŷڵϵĺɫѪȵİУȡһƤŵС˵
⣬Щ
ǣɱģ
Ź˫һֱǸЩˡ


42 ʵΪ
û
ŹЩþĬĬͷ˵
ЩӦù˰ɣ
Ȼؿ˵ţŹȴһֱţгŲ˼顣
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֪˶֮һŹĿкҲЩ˼
ŹǼˣʶͣֱŵһϯĴ̱Ѫζһʱ侹Ȼ˵

һˣȻһָһʼ
һޣʮͷ
һޣͷ
˻ʲô
󣬺Ȼ俴һ˶ͷ­ѪܵسЩ˵Ŀ⣬Щ˼顣

Ƕް
һ̾ҲżֵĲ˼顣
һľĿ۹ȥŹҲƶٿ
ʲô
ܣ
Źĵһͷǲ˼飬Ҳûֿܡ
Ҫ֪ǶޣһȺ죬Ⱥ徳أ徳صߣԶԶţ׿
ȺرڵȺʵǼΪǿ徳ǿǱɡ
ŹֻԶ˳ȥߡ
Ǽ˵Ļ֮ŹǰŲڵϣˡܿͼǰ棬ǰҲ˼ֲ˼顣
һ˶ͷ­ȻմѪȴܹıһͷͷ­
ŹһĻʱʶסֱǰж˼ֲ˼顣
ܣܣܡ
Źһֱظ仰
ŹԣļˣҲЩ˼飬Ŀ⣬żš
벻ѧʵȻǿ󡣡
ǰСˣ¡
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ͬеǼˣҲԼͬ̾
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ˣֻҪչֳʵԭЩڵģҲĿ࿴ֺ㡣
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һΣúףһ¡
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ڴķԺڣһˣǶһѣЩطҪŹָǰЩ٣Ҳʧˡ
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δڴķԺйֻͣɫҴңڿ߹ȻҲûзط
ǰĴŸߣССԼĪʮžƾζ뺹ζһθһ󷭹ЩӦ
ô
ضɣ
ϸϸܣŹȴ¶һ˿ϲЩؿ˵
Ÿ磬
ɺþû

һڣӵϮһĽлҲ˷
ŹȻͣһк󣬴߽ȥһǰ¡

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ľƶʾƣĿɬȻ˿˺£ȴ˿û⣬ʱһ̾Ȼޱ˷ܡ
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׻
˶֮󻺻˵
˻

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һ仰£ڳŹˣɵһ
˿̣˿Ŀ⣬ҲЩ
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ҪȥĻֻܸСǰŹʼ
Ÿ磬ѪСӣȥô
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ԱһӴ˿̴ǰָĳ򣬶Ź˵
ţ
Ѫ
Źһ㶣˳ָĿֱӹȥҲ¶һ˿ϲɫ
˳ָתͷԼĪھɿһϣһĿӣƤմѪ
Ұܽܡ
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ĿҲһֱĿϴţŹĻ֮Ҳǰȥ
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߽Źʼ˫徳صʵܵһȺɱر󻹽ɱϢǿӵҲһ˿졣
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ƾ
ȻŹԣѪҲЩ˼顣
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ʵΪҪñ˵أҲóһʵ
⣬ߵ磬ҲߵĴ·ʽ
ã
˵ĻѪСӣǳӭļ롣
ѪΪҲΪˬֻ΢΢ͷҲ̾һ˵


43 ѪС
ǾͶлѪˣ
ԣһϲŹ˵̬ޱȹ
ȻֻǵһμڳѪʵлЩŵġ

Ⱦơ
ѪЦеľƱЦſ˵
ͬʱƱ˿ȻҲá
ȣ
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ӣߡ
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һȺ߽Ϊ׵һԼĪʮӣ͸žϢ߼䣬׺ϢڲԾͷų
ͬʱ󣬻ӰŮһС
Ѫϴ󡣡
ǰ߽֮󣬶׷״кͬʱƱ͵عһھƣŮҲͬںȾơ
ʶһ¡
ѧܣ¼ġ
һһȥ塣
˶󣬳Ѫָ˿˵
壬Сȥ
ô

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ɢڱǰıɴƿһǰ÷һһľһһ۵ס
ͬʱĽŲҲСױڻУСؿܡ

һɽӹɽַɳɳĴ̶
ͬʱǰƬ磬ҲԵ÷
ǰǰ֮󣬲һ
ǰľȥȴһ˿ɽӹɳ죬γһصصͳƬӰУԵ÷
ô
ȵؿڣɴ˫ŵضţҲ¶˼ֵĲ˼顣
һԣ˫Ҳǰ΢΢غһ
ȻǰһĻɳ죬ҲóЩ벻
˵أӦþһս
ɽ飬ֻɳ
໺ǰ̧ܴţͬʱҲڰ˼ţЩ˼顣
ս
ԣԴɻضţҲЩ˼顣
ǺεȵĴսȻɽָı䡣
ΪһƬɳĮߣ
˵䣬һ̤Ųڻɳ棬ɳɳڴ˿
һǰ֮Ҳʼ¶һõӰӣǾװ㣬ڴ˵ش˷ػص
֮ս
ͳڴ˿̻
ͨǿ֮Ķ
ڸǿ
תͷɫЩԻ󣬶ȴԹԵؼ˵
ɽ壬ԭǽ塣
Ȼ˴ս֮սɽҡΣ顣
γ塣
˵󣬳Ҳüֵͳɽɳɳڴ˿
ʲô
ȻϢҲɾгЩ˼صɴ˫ųࡣ
飬γ𣿡
սǺεǿ󣿡
һȻҲԵսסˡ
ȻڼϢ֮Ŀ⣬ȴǶ˼ֵı仯Ŀضźߡ
ǲĿ⣬˶٣ڵ
ҵȣǲս֮һ
˴ǰΪıѰµĶ


51 Į
ԭ
˳ı֮Ȼ򣬿ĿҲ
벻ȣҲһǿߡ
ⷬȴֻǲÿɷЦЦ
߰ɣ
ƬսɳĮ
Ӧͻᵽˡ
ǰһ̤߳ǰȥ
ԱҲɣ̤͵ɳ棬ɳɳһǰȥ
ϣӴ֪ǧɣƺƵһͷ
ڰɽϵĳλãľȥһƬɳɣɽӹɳɳڴ˿
ʱ˿̣ͬ˻һƬһĻɳشޱȵĽŲһֱ
ɽϣɳ죬һỺ¶ϣһֱɽ
ء

ϣɳϯһỺĺХ˻ڿٵӹգγһĻɳܵأƬ綼ںϳΪһƬɳ硣
ɳ˻Хɽӹһֻвһб任̬һȻڿϯţϱ仯̬
ʱ䣬ɳɵӰγһͷͷޣʱ쳤Х˻ڻɳУԵ÷
ȻɽӹʱǻɳɵһͷͷӰڴ˿ȴ·ĭӰ㣬˲飬ɻɳܣ󴫿
ͬ˻ǰܿ˵Ӱʧɳ֮УܿĽŲѾɳڸǹȥ¹ޣֻǿӹڴ˵Ե÷
ط̫ˡ
һţһܴţ֮ĿҲһں
ֻҪһֱǰߡ
Ͷˡ
Ŀǰޱȼᶨһǰȥˡ
ͬʱԵ÷ĳأһװ㣬ڴ˿ؾ
һֱߣ
̧ͷЩʵͬʱĿǰһֱţֻǰɳ죬ڷɳĴ£ƺƵĽնڱס
ǰĻɳѾͬںϳΪһ壬γããһƬ
ãǾһֱߡ
Ҳ磬ֻĬĬͷ˵
˲ֻǻǰ쳯ǰȥ
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һڻߵɳĮǰʱƣȥֻСʱ֨֨ѽѽʱ÷
Ҫã
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ֻһֱߡ
˼򵥵ĶԻֻһؼᶨޱȵسǰȥ
ңһƬɳĻɳĮУܵ޺һ˲ʧǴδһ
ףİɽϣ᲻ǿޡ
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ͬ룬ԺҲôһͷǺܿҡҡͷֽͷ˦Ժ
ˣҲȥܡ
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ʱҲͻȥˣ̾һ˵

ĮУ̣޶֣һƬž
˵һļž
˻𣬴Х󣬡ءķƬؼ䲻
ƽֻǿǰ۾ЩԺЩ㱰ˡ
ȴǱСףһһŲޱȵļᶨһ˿һĺˣͬʯȹ
Ųأһȥ۾εضͬʱܹ۲ţѰſܴڵĺۼ
룬޵ĵͺҲ˹ȥΧڱεĻɳҲڴ˿̺ȫİֻ̤ڵ϶ɳɳ

תͷܣǰһɳ죬ֻһƬãȻӰڵг֣Ե÷
ǰһӣмɴСܵĻɳͬˮ㲨ȴһʶֻبų档
ĿԶڴӵıԵһ񣬷ʯͨ쳹ص棬޼ܷɳʴ
񣿡
񣡡
ͬˣͬؿ˵
˿˵Ŀ⣬ͬʱһӣڴӶһبųĵ档
񡣡
¶һ˿ϲͬʱ첽ǰӰһӰ㣬ֱӳȥ
һ£
һĻ֮ʱȴгЩ١
ȻʱгʱȻˣֻسһԾ˾ͺһӰ㣬ֱʶȥ
飡
δͺ£˫Ѿӣ˫£ɳɽƮ
Ȼʱ˫źܿͿʼȥûУƺ˶С
ݣ
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ײ£ɳƮͬˮƿһӵѸǰ
סң
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֣һεĽס
ʱɳصѾû뵽ϥǲ֣ڿٵ³СǰţСצεץס·֨֨ѽѽزϽлš
غһұһ˴̶͵

೤һ˿ٵ͵ɳһԾͬʱ˫ֿ𶯣һѽɫذпٻ£Ȼɳ档
ллл
סӰ󣬽Ųڽɫذ棬̤ٵǰ
˽ɳٵػĺۼɳ죬ƮƮط

̤ľڴӵɳصпٵ³ͬں˻һ˷ǰǰѸٱƽʱĵлֻһЦȻ˵
ţ˲ڣڼʮȵĽϿٻĺۼͬ˰ϣڴӵ¿ٻ
꣬ꡭ

һӹԶƮܣγ޼ɵ
ͬڵ»ĸ߶ȣӰǰ
ˣ
顭
죬ͬ˼ͬʱ£ֱһӴߡ
ۿԷ֣һߴɣֳһѳꪣؼ䣬ͬս£ϢѹȾͷţвЩ𶯡


̧ͷȥӴĵ񣬿зͳĺŴصϢεضһ
񡭡
ජŵأƵϢл³
֮󣬳෽ǳغһͬʱҲ¶һ˿ϲ
ڣҵˡ


52 ɸ

ڣҵˣ
༫ĿԶĿϷҲ¶һ˿ϲɫ
һֳֳꪣĿԶƺҪƬնһµƣ޼ɵس֡
ʱ˿ֳ̣ľվڵһԣ
ɳϯһƬԣͳڴ˿
ǰһݡ
๧ޱȣһǰΰݡ
ϣ
Щ죬ɶȥһߴɣꪶһɣ֮ͬ˵Ϣޱȵ
ȴľȣѹڵϣŵصؿͷһͳ˻еԵ÷
ܣɳ죬ֻкХ磬ԶԵ÷
ǰڣɳγһ£һγһӴӰԵ÷
಻ڳϣ𾴣Ҳǰϲΰݡ
лл
תͷЩضĶͬޱȵĲΰ֮ʱƬ̺󣬻˵
ȴڣ˵壬ԭһɸ
ǿ߻ۣڴ˵ս
ɽҡΣ𡣡
һǰ˵Աϸϸš
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˴ǰΪıѰڹɸڵؼ
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ȻǷ
гﵱҲŲ˼顣
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΢΢ͷ˵ҲŲɡ
һ󳤳ĺ೤ͬʱǰɳĮĺۼһ⣬ͣ¡
ˣ
̧ĵУһĨĽ˸ڴ˿̷͡

̧𣬻նһõӰӣƻ顱һֱӺؿŵһö档

ɲǼ䣬է֣ҫ貣ͬչΰ㣬ԵǰҫۣΪۡ
һö嵱УԼһ΢ڴʱ˿ڶ

һĽɫâ֣嵱ȥֱӻ̶ǰֹȥ
ͬʱһӴķԭյ˫ȻŻ⣬ͬ޵Ļһڴ˿Ե÷
飡
ͻȻ䣬׵һͳŰշ˵ͬʱǰ֮Ҳʼ¶һõӰӡ
ǡ
һǻתڴ˵ػ춯ƬžҹյУԵ÷
ֻãһڿƶԭеĳꪣȻ޷ԶƶգǡԵĻɳʴȥ
ɳͬˮ㣬·һֻвһγããȻһƬֱǰȥ
ꡣꡭ
һ磬ͻأؾ𣬴ԶĶ۷
Ȼվڵԣͬˣȴ˿ܲ˹Ŀ磬ֻмžվ¶һ˿صɫ


ܿŻɳӶƬһƬҰ㣬Ե÷
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬ҵĿըһװ㣬ڶ˴Ե÷
˿̣ͬ˾Ŀֻڵ󷽣ɳ죬ͬ˹ߴɵɳˣۿɼٶԼɢ

ͻأ䣬ڵԶϵڿʼٵѿһӴͨԵ÷
¡

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˳ͨȥǹɸˡ
״һϲ½Ųֱͣǰȥ
ৣৡ
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ʱͬٶȷɿ죬һǰһ󲻹ʱ䣬Ѿûһڵͨڡ
ˣˡ

ڶͻأڴ˿Ե÷
ǰͨһƬֲָֻϢ·ϣĶų۷Ե


ڣ͵˼Ŀ߶ȼСǰ
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ͨȻѾãδ̤ǵ˽ʱ򣬿ȴǳƣ˿˿ƵĴɢܵĿɢ
ǰԼĪҵľ룬ǰȻʣһƬͨ
Ӧˡ
Ȼ䣬ֹ̧۹ۿȥ
һĹ㳡ǳͭ̾ͣȥͳ죬Ȼ˿ͬ˵ĿȴڳͭϣƬС͹㳡ġ
һӴķģ̰ͬǶڳͭذϣγɻɬѶĵ񣬺һӴ󷨣ͬһ񣬷·ʯָоĶУһʱֱ治塣

תͷܣҲ¶һĨɻɫ
һ㳡ĿȥԼĪʮɶѣյһƬվܾһƬޣֻеϵ·Ӳɣ¡
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̧ۿܣܿȴҡҡͷûĲ
ķ󣿡
ڳͭϣŵ·ҫ۶ĿŹϻɬ֮⣬Ų߹δκε
ǱȽޣɬϵĵˡ

ꡭ
һڵͳĺؿڵ촫ܣԶԶص
ţ
ڸʲô
ͻȻ䣬תͷŲԶĳ࣬¶һ˿ɻЩؿʵ
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ȣ
ʣδţֻĿصضܣ֮һͳĺеװ£Ƭը


53 ˻Ľ̨ӡ
һŭ𣬻ףȻը
治ɫ˫ѪɫԵøʺĻ㣬ҫۡ
ţ
תͷĿǰ¶һ˿졣
һһ䣬ڳĿл̶ܣнš˫ֻƶһĨָĶֱӹؿڵ嵱С
ˣ
ڴ˿Ե÷̶ڶļ£þûصͣ



һнĺڳĿлƬռ䵱ޱȵ
УҲƶʱųԣǳԱ߿
ԭĵеĽɫâڴ˿ֱ󣬱һõӰӣΧųԣһƬѤޱҫۡ
˿̣ĺҲ÷ڴ˿̲Ϻؿڲ
飡
ų˫˦ڰУͬް㣬һ⣬
ʱ嵱ųѤĿĹ⻪һתͬط

ſڴͺ޺㣬ڴ˿Ե÷
ɲǼ䣬ת̶ĹâŵڵϵЩ·ۼҲͬע˽ɫˮ㣬ʼͷųһĹâ

ƬžҹյУȻһˮ
ô
⵽ô£
üɻƺƺڶų࿪ʵ
Ȼڴ˿̣ȴδ˻شֻС֨֨ѽѽڶϸش


ʱ뵽ʹ൱Уһһ䣬·żΪصϢڴ˿촫
Զɳڳǰͺһհ㣬۵Ĺâͬڹ㳡γһֺհ㡣
ɫĹâ磬ܲϳȥγһƬõӰӣֱϯ
ͭϣһӵķģɫĹâڴ˿ųҫ۵Ĺڴ˿֣Ե÷
˳ŵϳֵĺۼŸٵϯ
ˣ
󣬺Ȼ䷢һ㳡棬ŷ츲صı仯
ԣɴ۾ţСڲ࣬Сضš
Уһ鸡գǰҫ̶ۣĹâͬһɫ̫㣬ɹâ˸ϵĹŹַģͭۼ

¡
ַӵĵͳڴ˿̲ϳ֣Ƭлص𣬵һƬ⣬񷢳ҫ۵Ĺâһ
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ǡ
󣿡
վһԣ̧ͷȥгŲ˼顣
СҲƺܵʲô˫ֺڿץţͬʱһĽƬԵ÷
ûˣȷǷ󣡡
û뵽ν
ȻǴһ嵱гġ
˿̣ǰһĻʱȻҲ˹
ͬʱǰȻ仯ɫĹߣ򳤻ֻ̣ϸڴ˿һ֣ͬ鸡ڰյУһӵͼԵޱҫۡ
౾ˣλĵλã˾վ۾ܵ񲢲һ
ֻǰһ壬ڴ˿ųҫ۶ĿĹ⻪ûγһѤҫ۵Ĺ
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ƯǰҲСףηӦ˿̳ǰڱһ㵭Ľ⡣
̧ĻӶ䣬һޱȵĺۼڴ˿Ե÷ҫۡ
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˻Ľ̨ӡ֣Ũ£ܵĽɫĻȫʧֱڲ޵Ŀһ
ɫĸ̨֣ᾡ⻪ڴ˿Ե÷Ĵۡ

һ֮󣬳Щ΢΢غһ
ԭǰ̽˫ۣҲ˶˻ŵ񾭣ȫ³һγһƬޡ
㳡ϣһƬžֻоеһ̨˸ҫ۵Ĺâޱȴۡ
ǿ
һԣҲɳ̾һļµ˵
һҫ۾׵Ľ̨ҲЩ֮⡣
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ˣ
һ΢ͬ飬ֺǱĤըѰ㣬ͻأ
Ƭռ䵱ȴԵ÷Ĵ̶
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ԭֻһģӰӣڼ֮һӰֱӱһߡ
Žۣ𷢣ͫƤǽɫġ
ͬͨһ죬ֻǴ˿̳ڽ̨ӡ֮ڣԵЩ졣˿˫֣ͫ𣬶Ž̨ӡ֮⣬ڵλá
һ˵ĳ֣̬ȱ÷ĹȻδеɫȴ˿١
๧վţƺǵȴŽ̨ӡӰĶ
ֻغߺȻǰһֵӡȻ֣ڿпٻһۼ
һ̣಻ԥ۾ضǰ۾©ʲôһ
Ӱ仯һӡ֣ܿȴʧ·δֹһ
ʲô
δ
վڱԵӰ̧֮Ҳɵɴ˫Щŵضš
˿̣ҲĬţԵ΢΢ҲŽ̨ӡеһӰʼƶ
Ȼܿ죬ȴȱݣΪӰĶԽԽ죬쵽ϣǵȥ¼·ֺ
۳࣬ȴʼվ˫ţ˺һ㣬ƶֺǰһɢ͵Ĺâ˶С
ѵǸһйأ
üͷԲ²š
֮⣬ʵҲ벻ʲôһˡ
ˣ
ȡ
˴ǰΪµĹ
ôһӦǹؼ
ܿ죬ʲôȻ
İ¼Ȼޱȡ
ôҲԣ
䣬Ϊ֣һӡǼΪӣһһ䣬żΪǿ

һĿٶֱǰڽ̨ӡ֮ڵһɫӰϡ
ȻһϢʱ䣬һҵʹֻоԴһʹ˾ʹ˹ȥʧȥ֪


ڶ 


54 ˻
ʮɿĹ㳡ϣŽ죬ƺƵɢ
Ƭͭ㳡λãһ̨֣鸡һӰƱ仯̬֮Ķ˿ѾγһƬӰٶȿ˸
ȴ˫ֱۣиһ㲨ĹâؿڵųڹâԵΪۡ


лһɵͳĺеֱӴķ
ղ۾һ̨׼ȷ˵Ƕǽ̨УһɫӰ
һж켣ޱȵسǰ˺֣ͬһس
ɫӰȴ죬ԼĪڹʮϢ֮󣬻Ȼͣס
̨һƬţϢҲֻǾ鸡˫·뵽˼С
Ľ飬лϡ
Ȼ䣬࿪ڣŽ̨еһӰޱȵ˵
һȴöͬըƬ㳡Ϸش
£̨еһӰһȫֺþ˽һ˿һ㣬ڴ˿΢΢صͷҲ¶һĨϲɫ

һ̣ɢȻһӰֱƬռ䵱С
㳡ϣֻгһ˶Ŀ˼˼
ԱߣԲѣС֨֨ѽѽؽлţ֪ơ

תͷغһĿŻϡ
ţˣһ˲䷢ŷ츲صı仯
ԭһĻȥҲ˳ԱС׼״ϽлţԵޱ˷
ʮʱ䣬ԭһĳ࣬Ȼһ񻣬͹µˡ
Ľ顣
ʱһྻɫۣӭŷӹƬյдĴ̶
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Сһ㻹ˡ
Ľ˿ȻҲΪ˷ܣаֱСףϲ

ŻСֻСںץţָһԵĽ鲻ɻؿʵ
Сͷצӣһֱָ
˿̣¶һ˿ĵɫָǲϾг
һﻹǱأ
һ·Ȼûзֵαװ
Ҳãʡ鷳
ĽͬʱϲԾعһ˿ȡ
ϵġ˻ơѾõҲлİæ
ǾͣһЩôɣ
Ľƣͺһֻеľ㣬һһУǵģ·
ܿ죬Ľǰƣһס֣ܿȴ΢΢üЩ˼顣
һȻֻ徳أ
ȫûκεأαװ
һʱĽסŽ߻ԲѵӰеԸӡ
ϢĽ˵Ҳ̫һЩ
徳أ͵
治֪
Ľ鲻ϵţǺܿȴֱȫʧ

һ̾ĽĿе˺Ȼ䱻һš
ɫɴȹ޷𻩻ʱԵ÷ͬӰƮƮҫۡ

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ˡ
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㳡ϣ뵽žУͭϣһĵ̣˿ûͬǶڵһһǰĹӲɣ
ڵأһֻؿڲţԶ೤ĺ
ĽһԣֱŽɫâʵĹâֱӽ˶ֽȥ

ڣˡ
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Ľ鿴˫ţеһ
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Ľɫ䣬ڴ˿̿ƶ˫ӡһ貵ĽȻ֣ȫֽȥ
󣬲ʱ䣬һŮģһۣǳࡣ
СԱһֱţڱ仯ֹͣʱԾĻС
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յĹ㳡ϣֻгͭ̾͵ĵ棬еϴ۸ӵĺۼԵ÷ͬâ㣬ڵӲϡ
տĵϣ̤淢˵ޱȡ
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˿ָ̣ǰ˵ǰ棬һϡ
ҪҪͨ۷塣
ңҪͨ󷨡
ֻأָһ㣬ԭһƬĿռ䣬ȻųѤĿĹ⻪
ֹ˸߲ͬʵϼ㣬в˸ڣ
һ͸ϣ͸һϿԷ֣ǰһƬɾĴڡ
͸ϣԷǰǸɫҩģභޣԵΪԶǸޣڸҩԻܵǰϴš
һ磬ﻨ㣬Դ
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ɸ
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ǣ
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һԻͷеľ֮ɫڿָ


55 
йɸǰŵ롣
ǰɴ˫ۣŵضǰһĻĻеԸӡ
Աߣ໺̾ȻҲЩġ
ǰɽǰжسȴֻؿţòƣ˷

ȥɣ
һɸȥġ
̾һź˺󼸲վڳͭ㳡档
Щʵضǰ˸żֹâȴЩ޿κΡ
գ˺뿪ϣǰȻ俪ʼ仯¹ںڰУγһƬڡ
ߣ
תͷͳޱȣԵޱȾ
˿תȥڳͭϴǰȥ
˾ĶҲֳһֲɫЩŵضţҲһ˿졣
ֻֻǼ䣬ѾӹƬ㳡Զ
ıӰ൭һЦ̶̧Ųֱȥ
ৣ
ʱ䣬˾Ѿӹͨһڵͨڻɳ統С
һ̧۶ǰеĳꪷ·ҪֱƲһ㡣


ͬ˲Լͬغһ·Ҫеķ֮³һ
С׶ڳԣڵɨӣƺҲܲĿڴڴڵش
ڳˣ
һΣҪл㡣
̾һתͷл
ȴЦЦΣأһͬյģ񲻿գ

񲻿ա
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ֻǹСʱʱ䣬ǰѾܹЩ֣ɽŵİããڴ˿Ե÷
ڴ˿͵صһҽһ٣̤ڽµһľȻҲڿնµʱ򣬾Ѿȵվͬʱǰľ
飡
һͳҲ˾ĵط
ߣ
ͬصһ䣬Ȼֱӽãã֣ܿʧ

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壬ǴɽڼΪΣյĵضΣǱŵޣǲ֪ͨ徳ǿߣҿ
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Уͬ˷۵糸ӹһ̶̶ǰǰ

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ڵٿǰ䣬ٵʵһɽ壬ֱǴķԺڵһɽ塣

ķԺڣַǷ
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ʮˣ
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Źһǰ濪˵ţͳڵձøӵĳ
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

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
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ͺãͺá
ڼһ۵ʱ򣬳ѪЩ㶣ǽȴǴһˬʵֱ
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ѪǰһֱԱߵǰԵޱ˷ܡ
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56 ػѧԺ
ڣһƬַǷеķһɨʣµֻ˷ܣϲá
۷׷ܻصмžˮյĻȴ˿Ӱ첻˵¡
ȣ
Ѫٱ˾ԾƱ׷ͷһ
ֵܹҲ赣ˡ
Ѫ򵥵˵ţȴ΢΢ͷеļ֮ɫ˿
һصķԺڵʱ򣬼һЩߣЩ˾˵ѪСӵʮʱ䡣
꣬ѾĬĬ
߽Щ飬뿪ڣС
ȣ
⻷ĸͬ£ҲΪˬֱӾٱڵľˮһ


˲Լͬط¾ƱзЦڴʱ˿Ե÷Ĵ̶
һʱ䣬ｻ̸Цڴڲϴ
ʱƣ˽ˣϣҲһ̺죬ڴ˿̿ۡ
ģܵ˶ˣֻͬѪˣﲻϾƱ˴˽ţеľˮһ
УջΣ
Ѫ¾Ʊʵ
ǰδ˵ʲôջ񣬴˿̴ҶˣȻҲʹˡ

һ˾Ʊ̸⣬Ҳ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ

Цſڣﵱгżֵľϲ
˿̣еľƱתȥ
ѪԱ߿ţЩԣܿͼ¹һ滹մѪ

ųѪ棬һѴǸ
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üһ
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ף׻Ȼҵˣ
Сӡ
Ѫ̾ҲżֵĲ˼顣
棬ɫޣҩģʤΪȽҵı׻˿Ҳ
гѪĸ
ҪǸһ𣬷ֵıȽ϶ࡣ
Դ˵
ȻѪȴôΪͬһʱõ٣Ȼ
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˼顣
󣬳Ѫȴֻ̾Աһֱ̾

ԴӻصķԺڣܿͽЩˣһЩҪ£еһϵҩҲɼ֡
һգһۣѧԺڻߡԣǳѪСӵļˣŹˡ
λʹ˱ɣ
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һϵеĲϼ룬Ҳ˴µʱ䣬ȻҪȥˡ
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Щ켣ڴɽڵߣƣʳջ󣬿Ǽ޴ġ
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ʱǬת䣬ǰľɫģԭֺĽʧȡ֮ǳɽ룬Ρ졣

΢΢غɽĿΪ֮һ
Ҳһʱˡ
Ǳ㣬ȥɣ
ɣֱ˫ſٻھĴֵǰͬһӰ㣬ڵпٻ
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һһ䣬ͷ·һֻ㣬ֻڴּ˸һľʳһɫĴ
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ڴɽڣٿǰɽУҲһǽɣͬӰֱʶȥ
ɲǼ䣬ǰһ޵ɫ˸˵ĸо
¡
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ৣ
ݡ
ɣһһõӰֱӳȥֹ
˸ʱңѾɽıԵܳŸӵߵĵͺսײڶ

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棬µʱ䡣
ࡣ
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վڴɽ棬ǰ֮һƬһȺ߻ǰɽڣɱޡ
ৣ
һϮۣɫٶȷɿӣһװ㣬ֱضȥ
ͻأسڴɽ棬һˣҲ˵ƵƵĿעӹһˣɱҲ̫׿ֻԶԶš
һˣ͵ڴɽߵģضһǿߣЩ˿ǲá
ЩˣҲû̫⣬˴ɽ֮ĴϣǰܹƵƵĿ
һˣһڴ˿ҲΪۡ
ɽǺ󣬶ĽĿ˿ȥᣬٶȣƫƧСڿٴɽѧԺڡ
ѧԱƺɽѧԺĴŵҲΪͨرŵļѧԱ֮󣬸æؿţ̬ȼΪ
Դ֮󣬲գͻɽѧԺڼһ˻˲෹̸۵ģ޲ͬйء
ˣ˿ɽѧԺڣѾüΪ
ͬһǰݺǧָʱ̸ˣ̾Щ˼顣

Żɫ۵ѧͽ󣬿гҩζнζһԵ÷Ĵ̱ǡͬʱϣѧԺڸʽ˾£ۼҪѧϰ
飡
ԭյĴţ˴Ȼƿ˵ע⡣
˭
֪Ķ𣿡

һͳͼ˵۷׷ףֱ
ܹģгΪʦǱʵѧԱɽѧԺڽһҹӵݵλڳȻĴڡ
ˣһ۸ڶѧԺڣνǺߵġ
ڴű³ƿȻһЩ˵ĲһЩڴר־ѧϰĸ߼ѧԱѰ಻סˡ
ˣһվһԵıУڵš
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Ϊǣ츳
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̤ҵĽŲǰɫѾǺ죬Ȼŭˡ
ʱ򣬴򿪵Ĵţһ˻˺£ľһӴĺɫ
һ˵ʱǼ߼ѧԱɫ˲Щεվ֪ˡ


57 
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Ⱥ˵ı飬ȻҲ֪еԵɣɲǵһηˡ
ŶĲκһѧԱĻµȴĽǱĴ
һ٣ǻǺõġ
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żЩε飬ȴǻӻ֣ʾ뿪
Ǽɴ⣬̵ͷ̶ٵȥܿ»صڣڼ
ôһڣĿתͣϣһж¶һĨۼ֮ɫ
Ѱʦֻڴе䣬Լ򣬶һҪæɻԻòϡ
ڴڼ䣬Ҫӣȫǲܵ飬Ҳֻĵʦָһм򵥵Ľ̵
ֱӽܼӡ
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ơ
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һŨصѪζ̱ǴùҲЩػӻ֣ȻܿĿӹȥǳĴ档
ŸֲϣǶǶƤëҩģһӦȫ
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򵥣š
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ڳغһ
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ӡ

һ߿˷罭Ĵţøȴһѽ罭ק
ӣ
أ


58 ԵĹ
ţ

罭ڴϣףؿڰź
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Ŀֱŷ罭ͬʱͳһεظһ顣

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62 ҩ
žҹյУһˮ¹£ֳ߰ߵģϸˮ⣬ڴ˿ԵѤʣ

žˮ浱УȻ䷺һĹâ֮ڴ˿̻صƬռ䵱Ե÷

һˮ˳һ˪Ӻ߳һ

һ󳤺Ƭռ䵱лص
ڻˮУǰȥ
ܿ죬ѾӺλ߳šһ̤Աߵİߡ
ɲǼ䣬ͣʪһƬεδزϵˮͬϸ߰ԱߵĸϣԵ÷

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һĵ󷨱еĻѪԭϣҲУĹâںһѤĿĹԡ
Ѥҫ۵ĹâдһƬѤĹԵ÷ҫ۶Ŀ
ѪԭϣҲбںϣʱͷһ㲨ˣڼԵ÷

ʱ򣬹Ҳ΢΢һͬʱʱ̽ǰû˿ķɡ
ڣҪעǻѹһЩ
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ҪҩĻе¶ȣѹҪע⡣
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63 ʳ
ӷƵ˵ŽöѪ˵һԣ˵
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ƶһĹâڼ˸ͬʱһӰڼӶ
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ʱ֮ƶһ貵⣬ڼ˸
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飡
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һһҹŴڶѧͽĽޱȵ񣬵˵ȴȫȻûں
һһҹǳ


64 ǣǾ
һɽѧԺԣ似ģ档
һʱ䣬ʦ
˵츳ǹӣҲ̾Щ˼顣
ѧԺڣ鷳
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飡
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ϮصķٵˣԵ÷
˿̣ոЩ硣
һïܵĴֵУͬˣٶȿӣ˿ûͣЪ˼һһ䣬񶼴ĳ
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Įǧ޺ҲвڹĴ̿ǱǵжǼжʱ޿̵Ҫ͸Ԫڡ
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ڻȥĻ
Ҳʵ̫ϧһЩ


65 Ž̹

ⷬӴЦҲһĨϲɫ
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˵䣬һӳֵӰֱӺӹֱӳ
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վɽ֮ϣӭųХǰָǰ಻ɽͷһͬްĳǳ̾ᣬԶǻɳ죬γһһ𣬷ҡֱϾ졣
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˿̣ѾӴɽ߳ӭһ͵Ĺ㳡ɳ죬ʿһͬʱд𣬳ŶϣѪͣһۿȥЩļˡ

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ӴĹ㳡ϣһͳĺЩʿǵˣȺ壬ڼ䲻ϹţӺֱ꣬ͳǰ
Щʿѵֻ΢΢ĿѣʿĴ£ܿʹһӴĹ㳡źӪȥ
ѾԸˡ
ӣǾ;ס
һٵǰһڣָſſϵŴŷ罭˵
棬ļʿһЩ죬ϴƷȵȽ

罭΢΢üԱ߳ĬֻĬĬܡ
һڣһĴ̣жʮҲ˵ܹɶʮ˾ס
±Ӫء
ǵһӡ
Ǿޱȣܣͳؿ˵
£Ǿپתȥܿ棬ŲԶȥ
ͬ˶һۣЩҲԵЩΣһЦ˵
ģҲǼ
ģֻܿԼˡ
ȴǰڰ֣ÿɷЦЦ
νطҲ
һ˵ţһ߿ʼ̡ҲڶӴű졣
飡
Ȼ䣬Ĵű˴ƿһߴӰ
ˣô

һͳĺǾװ㣬˵Ķը
ţ
ǣ
Ŵ̵ͬ罭ˣԼͬؿ˵
ˣ
һ̱ޣųصĽŲſ߽
ž
н̱һڰзһ죬Ϊ̶
ţʲô
ڣҪУϿǡ
򡭡
Ž̹ٽĿܣͬ罭Ẉ̂üͷ΢΢һ壬ſ˵
仰Ž̹תȥڵķ罭˲ı顣
ı쵱У±ļУ˺ܿ촩ϣҲģ
ߣ
Ž̹٣Ʋ硣
ǷֵӰǴŵļУȻӰŵ͹Ĺĵģͬʱæ˵һȥ
ԣɿϵļУͬʱҲſȥ
˴ӷ߳һӶӵʿڿ߹ĽŲڴ˿Ե÷̶

Ųڶ쳹ǰһӴУ˿Ž̹Ǹֶн̱޽գۿǰʿɵһ󣬲ʱеһͳĺǽ̱޻ӶµĴ̶
ϣϡ
ߣûԡ
ʮȦ


66 ̨
Ž̹ٵУϻصϣ
һߣһ񾭽˿илвƵƵĿŽ̹٣ǵŽ̹ʱһһ˿Ҵ⡣

䡭
һͳĽŲڼٵⲽڲ춯
Уϣֵͳڴ˼䲻ϻص춯ϡ
ͬ罭վԱߣ϶ЩԵòôÿ

Ȼ䣬Ž̹ٵĿеһͺȣ㣬ڴ˼Ȼը
һؾװŭУǷеʿתͷӹ˵ϡ
ϣ
Ž̹ٺнẔ̌ޣžһڿлӶ죬ڴ˿
ͬ罭һ飬Ҳͣ׷ǰɫ˿Ĵ⡣
ܿ죬ٶȷɿ죬ǸӴ󿿽ڶĩβ˿⡣
Ž̹վۿţʱӶеḺ̌ޣڼ䷢žž
Զһʿͳĺڴ˿ԵΪ̶
ӪڣֱǱ䳡ϵĴж޳ͬս˻ڴ˿̻һ
ʿѵǺأͬ罭˵ʵΪһϵڣҲЩƣ
ӴķͬٶҪͬұסͬʱڽҲҪͬ˿Ĳ
һ罭ˣԵЩʹࡣ
꣡
ꡭ
ڽ֮󣬷ֱ̱ڵϣڴڵشŴ
˿̣ǷֵӰֱ̱Ϻ£Ѿʪϵۡ
Ű죬ͼֲȥˣ
Ա߿ڣﵱвɳżֺɡ
ƨ
ֻǣֻǡ
һ˵ŻһȴڴڴڵشϢţ̶ĺڶ󴫳

ģȴ¶һϲ֮ɫЦų
ھӪڣΪľЧʣ˳Էʱ䣬ҲһӶѣһҪۼֿ죬˵Ļ»Ҫӡ
緹Ž̹ٽһʿۼһųޣ󣬻ߡ
ܣҪģܡ
սϣܸϣȫǷ
ˣѵġ
Ž̹ٵͺȳͬըڴ˼صϡ
ǰһʿԹվֻǾţҴ⡣
ͬ罭վں棬סû˿⡣
ǰ֮ҲֻһƬʵӰӣڼصϡ
Ž̹һ˵ţһڻⲽ
ʱ䣬Ǳ䳡ѵ
Ž̹ٺȻ佫еḺ̌һֱָԶı䳡˵
սѵ
һ˵ţﵱҲżֵϣͬʱŽ̧̹ǰȥ
һʿаˣڼǰǱ䳡ٿ
Ĳлصһʿܹ泾Ʈϡ
ˣŽ̹ٵĴ䳡һЩڶѵʿҲ׷ǰԱ߹ۿ
䳡Ƿֳһ̨ʽǴ˿̣֮һ̨档
ʱܾˣžеŽ̹٣෢ͳĺлص
Ž̹٣ѵ
һΣʿô
ҪҪдһ£
ȺУм˿ʼҲżֿϷģ
Ž̹ٽ̱һգĿӹȥΧܵЩʿɨ
СӣҲȽϿ졣
Ծ壬ˣʵȥ
һ£ǿԡ
Ž̹쿪˵
ǼʿԣҲ¶һ˿ϲɫȻǼΪ˷ܡ
ãǵı֡
⼸죬ûн
̸䣬ȺУʿԵ÷˷ܣȻǱŽ̹ٵˡ
ھôãΪľܹչֳʵôһᣬȻǲŹ

һһ̨ս
Ӯ£¡
Ž̹ٺȻתͷ˵
һＤеļһЩԾԾԣһЩȴᣬû취涨£ֻĬĬš
ǿ±ʮһӪʵ
̨ʱõˡ
ԸЩϱдһ¡
Ž̹˵ָЩֵϱ˵
һ£ȺеԾ壬ˣ϶ֳһ˿ϲɫ
ǰûĻˡ
ң˵ǰսϱ
ãߣҲ档
һͷϱۼĵطҲ˸˵
ʱ򣬿ɱһ͵°

ţһЦɫޱ䡣
ûУ
벻Ц͸

Ž̹ϣָʾˣ㵽ϾǿɬǴ˿ҲֻܹԹԵǰȥ
ܿ죬վ棬ජű˴ˣܱҵһ˸߹һˣڴ˿̲
̨ʹñͽֲܼ˵˷ܡ
ȣ
𡭡
˿кȻ䱬ͳĺǾװ㣬ֱŶȥ
ء

ȭŽʵʵڵײƵڴ˿̲Ĵ̶

Ȼ䣬ĳһ˳һҲһޣǾװ㣬ǰͳȥ
ʱձ˺ѣ˵ȭͷ໥һ𣬷һͳ
Ȼ˵ӰԼͬغ˼ڵϣ﷢һͳ㣬Եޱȴ̶
ȡ


˵ĿУͳĺҲһЩʣѪڵεδص䡣
𡣡
ͻȻ䣬һĸߴʿ˫Žһٵ棬ƵӴӰһԾŶֱȥ
¡
һƵзĺȻֱӱһȭУƮɣֱ̨ȥ
¡
˾ͺǶߵķݰ㣬ֱӴ̨ϻڵϣԱߵʿһֿ
֡
Ž̹ɫ˵
ͬʱһʿѰ಻סֱ̨
ţ̨һƵ̶
Χ۵ʿʱ䷢ȲʣԼͬ޺ĳХ̨洫

˭
һ˶վϵļԵøͣ֫׳ͺһͷܰ㣬˫ȭߺ
Ծ壡

Ѿˡ
˭ϣ
Χ۵ʿһη˺󣬲֮
̨ϵˣŽ̹ٿõ֮һԾ塣
ôôûˣ
Ծվ̨ϣ׳˫̤棬̧ͷܣߺżֲм
ģԡ
Ȼ䣬ԾһָȺеЦſ˵

ʱһȺĿΧȺеϡ


67 
ң
վȺеܾܵ£Ŀ⣬в¶һ˿죬ָԼȵ˵
Ŀ׷׾£ֱϣ϶¶ֿϷɫ
Ǻá
Ȼֱӱȥμӡ
վһԣȴûûεشЦ
ȥɣ
˵󣬷ʶغһóһλá
ʱԿյһƬֻһվ
ֵܣϰɣںߺ
һȺ˿Ŀ棬

ЩʵʰĿ⣬΢΢̾һǰ
ǡ
鷳
εֻ̾ǻⲽǰȥ
һȺˣ߹Ŀⶼۼ棬дżصϢ
Сӣ
ԣ
һġ
Ծϴһ˿Ц⣬Ӵתת̨ϵʱ˵Ƶͺװ㾪
𻰣ֻǻ֣̽ǰָ
ƴʱԱһòϢ
ߣ
ԾȻǲһЩãһߴеֱǰ̤ȥ
ˣ
Ƶڴ˼صЩײӼеļ飬ܱһ˻ر
룡
ԾҲ˺󼸲̧֣ǰһʾ⣬˵
ৣ
ţӰҲڿƶΧ۵ˣֻֻǼ򵥵صȻӰȴѾƶһӰ㣬ֱǰȥ
飡
˫ȭʵĽ
Ȼ˿̣˫üžԾ֮еִݿĸоδ͵ĸоҪǾͣ٣һ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ֻдصĺ˵ĿдһɹԵޱԡ
Сӣ
Щʵ
Ծ忴ǰȻѹͣͳؿ˵
𣡡
Ȼ䣬һͳĺڼ˻ͺ޺㣬ըлصϡ
ߡ
Ծ˻𹥻ֻһ˫ǰƶ
¡
һͳͻȻ䴫žһ죬ͬʱԾǿȻǲܿƵصɶֱӷɳ̨ھ̨һ׿ĵط

⣬ôܣ
Сӣôģ
ͻıʣ˶ЩӦǽţȴһ󾪺ԵЩ˼顣
ղŸͲκζֻһƶѡ
ǣԾ壬ôɳһһ׿ĵط
⵽ô£
˵УԼͬôһͷ
ʱȫһƬûһ˿˵Ž̹٣Ҳ۾̨ϵ
Ƭ̺Ž̹ǲ
սԾ壬ʤ
˭
Ž̹ĿɨЩʿͷվкмֵ֮⡣

Ƭ̺һ̤Ѿ̨֮ϡ
˳Ʈһóٶȵġ
Ծ壬սˣƣ˿Ӷѡ
±ֻˡ
̤棬˵
վҲ⣬ֻǾš
Կʼô
֮Ȼ俪˵
ͬʱŲƶտʼһһ߹ġ˼֮˺ͻȻһ䣬һӰֱԶȥ
ৣ
̨ϣӰͬһ߰㣬ֱ˸
ĺã
˵¿еһͺע߶ȼУŲһͬʼƮɶ
飡
Ȼոտ壬Ҫʼƶʱȴӭ洫һ졣
ţ壬һǰԾһ㣬ߵķݰ㣬̨Ϻӹ󡰺¡һ˵ϣʿһɢ졣
ʱԶԾ壬ڼ˵Ĳ£ով
һӣ˶ɵˡ
⣬ô£
˵һĻôڶΣ;Բˡ
Ծ壬ó
ڶȥģóٶȡ
Ȼˣ£ȴŲһС

±ʵͦ
ӣкϷˡ
ԶڹսһȺϱڷ׷ţŽ̹ٵһȺˣһ಻סˡ
һģʿһ˻Ծ塣
ȻڴʱֶվЩ˵ĽŲ˼Щǰ
Ͼ˭뵱ͷ

վ̨棬ܣһ
ϣһ緽򶨣ɫû˿ı仯ȻĵУȴ캧ˣЩ˼顣
˻
ȻԵ
ԾôһУʹˡ
̾
֮ǰһֱý˶˻ƣûʹùںȻʹóľˡ
Ծ壬һʹˡ
治֪ƷʩչȫĻжǿ
УҲڴ
ʹóİ˻ƣֻһѣˡ
ȫյĻ

ͻȻ䣬һ̨ĳš
һʿԱһԾϣͣھĵطĿӡ

̧ۿȥһˣǱŽ̹ٿе֮һ
ɣ
Ҳϻֱ̯˫֣˵
ţ塰顱һֱӳ
Ȼ˷˵ǰ֮󣬺ҲЩ䱸ֱȹ
ŶԷڶģ죬˫棬ٿƮ
ͬʱ̤ŹĲһ㣬ҵ
䣬˫ײһ
䣡
顭
˫սǼΪûκεУʵʵĶ
ʽǾӵģһȭһȭȫʵʵģһӱ£̺ҲΪǿһʱ侹ȻҲֻսƽ֣¡

¡
ľڴ˼䲻ϻصһıը㣬ڴ˼ͳص
̨ϣֵͳıϴ֮ĲЩ˼顣
Χܵʿһ󾪽Уص
˵ս˵Ǽľʡ
ء
¡
˫սޱȣǼʮغͱ˴˵˶໥վš
벻ʵͦǿ
ŵС㡣
ЦϺ£΢΢鴤ţһЩˡ
Ȼʯվ֣Ҳ΢΢ţֻǷȺСδעˡ
Ҳͦǿ

ֻվԭأ˼ֱ
һ̣˫ӡӶĺۼ˫صһڼͬײһʱ˫һһơ
󣬡顱һ˫־ͺƶſײ˺һ
һ̣ڶӰΧ֮£ֱڿеɶ̨ȥ


68 ս
¡
һͳıӰһǰλֱӷɳ̨һ֮Զݺݵصڵϣ˵һȻ֮
⣬ôܣ
ӣ˶סˣЩ˼顣
˵ԾΪܣһΪܡ
ôǿŽ̹ٿõ֮һһǸոϳġ
ȫͬˡ
ӣ˶ԱֻǴһ
һǰֻǾվȻ˿˵Ŀ⣬ȴѾģȫǰӡ
ΧһƬţֻǴ˷ĺڴ˿Ե÷
˭ȥ
Ȼ䣬ȺУôһ΢Ȼܿ죬ȴֱǵͳĺ֧顣
һͬһ
ˣŽ̹ٿõ֮
ǿʵܵЩʿϢ
ô
û˸ˣ
Ž̹ϵȻڴ˿Եޱ
һͳ㣬÷̶
ĵһ죬Ͱų
˵Ž̹ٵУżֵı䣬û˿ı顣
һʿֻǾվͳҴ𻰡


˷ĺƬռ䵱дԵޱ
ֻ̨лصŽ̹ٵڴʱԵ÷Ĵ̶
٣ԡ
һˣ̨
켣ھӪУЩ˶Ʋ硣ܱ㼸Ĵ
ˣڸʮϢ󣬾һȥֱͬԿ
Ҳ˵ֻ΢΢ףվ΢΢˼̧ʾ⡣
СӣҪ񡣡
һͺȣ˶ȭͷֱӴ̤
ң£
һͳĺըֱȻը졣
ڣֻǽŲ̤һӰ㣬ڼ˸˲ϢԶȥ
˻ƣ
һͳ˻Ŀдڴ˿Ե÷ĵͳͬһװ㣬ڴ˵ػصϡ

˿̧̣һĹâڼ˸ųѤĿĹ⻪
һ̣ײһ𣬷ͳı
¡¡¡
һ޼ɵƬԵΪ̶
һˣδֶã֮˳ȥһǰǰ㣬ֱӵ˶ڵϣͳ
˻
˿̣˶˻һɫ䣬Щ˼顣
˵Ŀⶼ£̨֮ϣһӰ档
˭
һۣȵ
һ̣죬ֱʣװ㣬ܸصݡ
ΧܵЩ˵Уʼ۷׷ף˵ܴ顣
һʱ䣬ȫžûһ˿˵ĿУһͳĺ
ડ
ડ
̨ϻ߹Ų棬
¡
ͻȻ䣬Χ۵ȺУһӰͳ̨ϣͳ졣

һӰ۾ֻе
Сӣԡ
ǰʱϵȴȻͺһʵ㣬ڴ˿ԵΪ̶
𡭡
һͳ˻Ŀе㣬ܵĿռ䵱ɢȥ
ߣ
һҲ⣬ֻƣеɫĹâ֡
˻ơ
ּ䣬һƷʩչͺˮȻ
ƷǺ
һȭ
̧֣˶ȭͷ棬űϢƶڼɢ
Хȭ
Хϣް㣬ڴ˿̼ٴ
飡
Ӱʵʵײһ𣬱һͳ
˵ǿֲĴڣԳһʱ򣬻ཀྵһʱ侹Ȼѷ¡
һƬžȫסҴ⡣
ͬʱЩʿҲңĳ֣ƲɵĹڱסˡ
¡¡¡¡¡¡
һͳײһ𣬶ڲϴͳڶԻص

꣬ꡣ
ͳشŴϺ£սЩģƣ
ʱٶȲǰһֱȥ
ʱ˫Գһһεرͳıս໥ײһľ磬Χ۵ʿе档

Ȼ䣬һͬʱڰյеɶһӰԿл
ৣৣৣ
ڰգڲϵӰһӰֱӵ˶
飡
һͳȴ岻ܿƵصɶڳ⣬ȵվ
ܣ
ʮ
Ž̹ٱͬʱΧܵЩʿɳغһ
ԭµЩʿиŵʯͷҲ
ȺУ˻Σվԭأ̩ɽ㣬һƬȻ
˭
ܺ𣬴һȻվ̨ϣŭĿӣеһͳ
һʱ䣬ȫѻȸЩֵϱ̾Ϣ
úмӰǰս
ӣ
ϣ
˿ЩָɫҲÿ࣬ѹԱߵķ罭˵
ţ
Ļ̧ۣȺԶҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Сô
ǿԣ
飡
ڷӵĵʱ̨棬һӰɶڵϣȥ
ųʤ
ԱߵЩʿڼ¼ʤĳΡ
˭
仰ֻ˵һ룬ͼһӴӰȺдܳˡһ̨̤档

˭
±ӦǸһġ
ǽз罭
ȺУЩҲϳʱ
Сӣֵ塣
壬ܶô
һЩˣ·ɻﵱЩɡ
罭ȴ⣬ֻǾվֵ廷һȦ˲Զָ
ϲκ飬罭ǴƵĶƤ΢΢鴤˫гżѪ
𣡡
Сӣ
һͺֱӺӹҪŷ罭ȥ
ৣ
ڳˣ̨ϵǰһԭǰķ罭ӰȴѾҺһɿˡ
⣬ô£
Сӣôȥˣ
ȺУۣ罭Ӱ󣬲ɺɳŲ˼顣
ۣܵ΢΢ĿԶķ罭
ݣ
Ӱٶӳ֮ǰ˲٣ͺһ㣬ӹ
ӳ£գ۹
ʱȴֻоһХ
ţվϴŵضǰĿռ䡣

罭ǲͻȻȴĲ෽
ţ
ԣʶתͷȥӭģȴһޱȵľ硣
һ̣š顱һӰֱӱɶڿлһۼ̨⽵ȥ


69 
ৣ
壬ڿеɶķӦҲν죬˫ڿнžڿնȻסƣ԰յ콵

Һã
վܵȺУ˶һ
ৣ
Ȼ˿̷罭Ӵһεǰǰͳȥ
Ǽ֮󣬷罭ӰѾԶ̧˫ۣһȭ
¡
һͳͻȻǰ統УȻ䷺һơ
˿̣岻ոսѣ罭ľ£ȴǺͣ͵浹˶ȥ
һΣȴǻһӰǻӰ㣬ɶ

Ⱥɢ¶һСĿռ䣬ŷ罭塰顱һݺݵ

ԱΧһȺʿɰһٶȿ̨ϵʱгżֲ˼顣
ͬʱЩ˵ĿҲ̨Աߣϡ
±ʵȻôǿ
رӣô󣬵ٶȴӰ㣬˿

罭ֻƳһڵϵֱӹĿɨܣзһͺȡ
ը
һȺʿԭԾԾԣʱƣرǿһ֮ȴһϢģˡ
ǶԼȥӸ
ôûˣ
罭׳̤֫棬ˡڴ˿Ϊ̶ͬʱ̨ϻⲽз
һ˲䣬ˣվš
ৣ
һӰǰƻӰ㣬ֱǰȥ
ٺ١
罭˳֣Ҳ¶һ˿Ц⣬ųصĲȥ

սɣ
һͺ罭壬֮ȥ
ء
ֵͳ̨ϴвʱһİڴ˿Ϊ̶
罭̨ϣʱӭŶ֣ܰ壬̺űըԵһһ䣬·𶼴żΪӴ
ԼĪСʱ䳡ϣһƬģֻз罭ӴӰվ
˭
Ŵ̧ͷܣ˵
Χʿһɫȴһ˶ҽӻֻǾվѡ
罭ʮʤ
Ž̹վԱߣƳһ۳ĬԾˣޱؿ˵

ȺͻȻһȻ֮ĳХϵ
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ˣʮλӵһ
罭ʮŵڶ
Ծųŵ
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Ž̹ûʲô飬Уȴֵ
ϢһӣıǰŰɣ
Ž̹˵꣬תߣԶվǾۿ
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ϱ˵꣬һָϱӪУ˻̨
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˸ո̨ʱΧ̨ܵЩʿ˻нĵͺл
罭վüţǰЩ˼顣
ڼ˵ʱǰȴü¶һ˿˼ɫ
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˵仰֮ȴҲûгԣֻǾشɫЩӡ
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罭վԱߣתͷӹȥһĨ˼飬ɻسʵ
ΧʿķӦǲɫβף
ˣϱʵǿġ
е˾徳صΪ
Աߵˣֱ䣬ա
˵ʵ徳ء
ԶĿ⵱гżֵľ⣬˵

徳ء
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ڵʵ֣ѧԺڿɱȲˡ
ѧԺڵѧԱ϶֪ʶʵսľ鼫ѷ
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ֻǼ򵥵徳أ䱬徳صǿߡ
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ЩˣöԸ
ȺУǰȻͦ˾վԱߵ䣬ˡ
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ৣ
Ųһֱ̤㣬ֱǰ
ӰӰ콵̤ڵϣˡһ졣
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ʱǰ֮Ҳʼ¶һӰ㣬ŭ
ৣ
յĶҲ˫ſճצָŷĹ˸ϡ

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Ųһ棬˸ϣͿһ롣
ͬʱĵиŹ˸ҫ۵ĺ⣬ֱǰȥ
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˻ʩչһŭˣֱӳ𣬴춯صľ졣

һͬʱҲޱȵļᶨ
ȣ
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70 ƴ
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ʱĿ磬쫷ŰżΪͳڴ˿̺Ȼը
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ȡͺе˫֮ϣйâ֣һƬصϢ
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ţ
СӣʲôŹ֣
ڴ˿ʶ̧ͷŽߵһ˿˼顣
ͬʱĿ⵱УҲ¶ֲɫ
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꣡
ͻȻһ̶ڰдһλε˸ڿк꼻һš
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մһ̧ǰȥƱצΣͳѹ
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71 ûгֵĻ
飬飬飡
ͻȻ䣬˵Ľ㴦һͳָͬײһ޺ֱӱƿ磬ص

⣬ôܣ
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ৣ
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ȥһʲô
Ա߿ŵġ
ȫûгֵĻᡣ


72 ŵ
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̨ϣ罭Ӵ˸䣬Ѿӹݺݵ̤ԭأһû˿
飡
Ȼ䣬ֱ̧𣬷һ΢ֱ̽һȭ˾Ĺȥ
ʵҲͬѰĿеһͳĺ˫ֱӺᵲǰ
Ȼȴһͳӿȥֱײ˾ϡ
󣬿źǵȥӰ罭Ҳ¶һ˿ϲ
ݣ
һͳֱӳһӰֱǰȥ
̨ܣֻо۾һӹһӰֱǰԶȥ
罭Ȼ֣ٶȴ˿ͺһӰ㣬ֱǰȥ
ৣ
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壬Ҿˡ
罭Ҳͣ˵һֱ˲
ڴڿ˲ıӰϵϸֳһ˿Ц⡣


73 ޳
ǾӪڣõĳźһȳ
һΣȴ֡
罭
±ĵһ죬չֳǿʵϱеٮٮ߶ܣ˻Ȼ
˵ôʮһӪ±罭
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ᳵ·ԼĸסļңûžͿں

ĺҲһлżֵĲ˼顣
ĸף
ң
߼͵ƿţһϤӰ
ͺãͺã
ӹȻ˷ޱȣЩ
أ̧ͷȥȴ컢Ӱвɿһ£ֲõԤС
ᵽȴǵһЦµʱ䣬ѾЩָˡ
ڳȥѾްˡ
Ц˵Ȼ컢ƺתҲоοѡ
Ȼ˵컢֮Ժõô죬óһݣ𵽵á
ްˣ
ǾͺãǾͺð
ϢҲżֵϲ
׵ƣһֱĵģϲѶȻá
ţ
صͷȻҲá
أϢ̧ͷʳ
ڸתأ
ȣܲμӣҲϲ֡
ֻ
˵Ȼ˶٣ȻҲ֪컢ս顣
ûµģ
ҵʵҲ˲١
Ӧˡ
ᶨƣŨŨš
ãǾͺã
ˡ
ǳŵҲ¶һ˿ϲɫ̧һָָſڿ粽һӰ档

תͷպÿ컢粽Ӱ˵
ˣ
컢ص
ȻѾתʹĥ컢ǿ壬Ҳ˲٣Ȼɸߴ࣬ǰȴ˲١
ţ
ĬĬͷǼȻЩᣬ˸һ˿Ө
һ̣Ȼ䷢֣ǸߴȻЩϡ
һΣ֣׾ȻѾʼ˥ˡ
а𣿡
컢Ҳϻֱӿʵ
ţ
һİա
صͷгżᶨơ
ʵҲһİա
ã
Ǿͺã
컢صͷҪʧ
ȿȿȡ
˵꣬컢ȼ˵Ĳɣ
һģ
̧ͷŸ컢ıӰٱֱĽգаģһŬ
Ѹûȡ
õ֣
һ̣гżᶨ

ּȣַǷɽǸһʢ¡
Ȼмʱ䣬ּȴˣһЩԭ洳ּӵܣҲһЩҵˣһȺ˶£ַǷ
ּڣ۷׷ףǹڴ˴αǿߡ
˵ô
һڴȣʷǿġ
ȥꬣء
ɽڵʦʶ
Щ
ּĴСڣ˷ĵͺڴ˿̲ϴܡ
ᣬļڿǶġ
һЩϣ
ᣬ˾̾ﵱҲżֲ˼顣
Ȼ֣ǵҲЩη
˵Ҳˣ

ȺУ˲תͷܡ
Ǹһǰʧٵ
ԣ˭
ߣʵΪ塣
ңҲһܡ
Ȼʵ൱š
Ҳǣ
ڣѾһˡ
ȺлȻ𣬼̶ʱЦ˹ȺƵƵĿ

ӷֵ߳ϵЩȻȻȻسŶԣȻ죬ڶԣ
أꬶ
ʶ
᣿
һ֣Ժ˸Щּڵǿߡ
УвɽѧԺڵѧԱʦ
⼸ˣ൱֡
ӣЩҲô׶Ըİ
˿̳һﵱҲżֵΣǽţȴ˫ȭգڰ¶ġ
ܶΣһҪȡʤ
ⲻغԼһغҵĸĸ
ס֣ƺҪ˶
̤Զ첽ȥ
꣬ꡭ
΢ӹĳۣ춯̶ִڴ˿ԵΪ
쿴ˡ
ģʲôְ
ߣװǻƶѡ
ʱ򣬿ô䡣

˷ȣͬأ
ЩȴδţֻǴžסЩھӼȥ
֮ǰӦҪԭĸǷծ񶼻ʱȻгŵġ
ƣ
ŲǰôţһһӴš
ֲǮġ
˵ţӻͳһݸǰӡ
⣬⡭
ֲҲЩ㵣ŵض̶˵
ʵҲ̫
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û£°ɣ
һҪȥһҡ
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մĸ˱ҰؽĸǷǮ
һʱʱ䣬ǷԱЩھӵǮѾˡ
ڻ·ϣȻҲ׸ĸǷŵǮ˽ɽɱޣѡ˼ͷƷ׸ߵģǮ
һҲýЩծ񶼻ˣһһЩʣࡣ
ЩǮš
˵ţеǮͳݸĸ

Щʣǳ
š
ͳеǮС
ãã
֣˫ֲţݹǮơ
ȳȥ
ȾҪʼˣҲȥ
˵ţȥ
Ҳ΢΢ͷҲżֳ硣
ãȥɣ
עⰲȫ
Ҳ£Ϊ
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߹𣬱ɽԶ첽ȥ
һ·ıӰҲһȺ˵ע⣬
ЩȻûȥ⣬ֱӴԶּ㳡ȥ


85 
ôˣ

ּ㳡ʱͼһƬȻֵ֮ڴ˵ػصϡ
ǡ
Ȼ
һȻû
˿ʼһĻȻڴ˿̴˷ػصֱӴܡ
Щȴţûȥ⡣
ģּ㳡ϣһӰŸЩǿߡ
Щ˵Уġ
᣿
ǰһӰȻ䴳ߵУ̧ȥдżֲ˼顣


ڼһӰʱĿҲɵһ
ǰֱӳǰȥ
ʱ·оһ̹ǵϢʶ̧ͷȥպǳĿ⡣
飡
͵һһɾȻǰƶȥֻǼ䣬Ѿһж
ţ

ôһ΢СĶȴ˲˲˵ע⡣
УᣬʶһЩվڹ㳡ϵˣɾȵ̧ͷĿ£ϡ
ڼУвޱȵģȴᡣ
Ϊ˴εĹϢشȻȴֱϢ
ֻǼ򵥵ļһȺ˵ע⣬ȴ˿⣬һ˦ܣǰǰȥ
ৣৣৡ
ӰޱȽýͺһ㣬ٿǰЩȺֵסֻоһȵӰд̶Զͳȥ
ʩչ̼Ѿӹһεľ룬˲Զȥ
ţ
Ȼ䣬̧ͷüǰһˡ
ĵطһӰаЦŻ֣ͺΡĴɽ㣬лֳ

غһ̧ͷţһӴӰĿ˲Щ١
ţ
ӣкϷˡ
ֱɲ

ʲô³
㳡ϣһȺ˵פۿ׷עӹж¶һ˿ϲɫ
ЩּǿߣſϷ£ۿ
ȻлвˣҪʵ״ﵽʲô̶ȡ
㵲ˡ
ͣĿڵ˵
һʱ䣬˶̲סصһ
ѵֲǰ·˭ô
ΧܵЩּӣԶԶſжЩ˼顣
ȻǶĿǰĴЩġ
š֪
ֱҲɴֱ࣬ӵͷҲϡ
Σ
˵䣬ֱУ޵ţвһ
ǵģͬܰվµǰΣ
Ҫƾʵ
ûʵôһ̸
⣬ֱ

仰ɫδ˿ĸı䣬ǴЦ
ǰ
Σ
ȷȷ
ſڴЦһĳХдشܡ
ôˣ
ѵǱɵˣ
пܣ
һӦҲʼ˵
š
ȺУʾۿϵҲΪ仰˲˵Ŀ⡣
Ŷ
һӦֱȻǳϣͭЦҲЩ˼飬ǰһֱƶ

˶뿴뿴ʲôȥ赲
ৣ
˵ע£ŲֱԶȥ
ৣ
ԭֱ˸ֻǼ䣬Ѿ˸ɵľ롣ڵĵط˲˸ųּػӰԵ÷
ţ
ô£
أ
Щ˵жôһʣǾأ
ԭ￴мӰȻȴ㵵ط֣ڵķ򣬾ȻʧȥӰûһ˳֡
տҲûһӰ
˿̣ڶΧߵУɷôһͷǾأ

ͻȻ䣬һһָǰָԶȵؿ˵
ʲô

һԱڶӰע⣬׷̧ͷԶȥǰжŲ˼顣
ʱ̧ȥֻԶԼĪɿ⣬ӰлС
˻
⣬ô£
ʲôʱ򣬵ģ
屳Ӱʱ򣬼ܡ
˶̾ѣеһЩˣȴ򶨵վüͷ壬˼
ȻֻǼ򵥵һ·ĶЩֵУеζȴͬһ۾
ʱȴδκζֻǰȥһһм䣬Ѿӳһεľ룬ǰͳȥ
ৣৡ
¡
Ų̤ǰ˲ϢԶȥ
һϮԣƮ˾̾УнԶ
䣡

Ƭռ䵱УȻ伤һƬĻȻȫʧ

ּڣ׷ļµ
Сڣϴֵּһš
֣ȻҲ˵۵С
һգּڣƮڷ쳹
ּڵˣۼڹ㳡棬һЩӵܣ˶ۼγãã˺ˮйͨ
ּĺĳԱȴۼһ档
Щǲμڴȵĵӡ
һϮɫۣɽ˿һƬĬȻͶžǧ֮Ϣ
ԱЩӵķӦҲΪͬһ̾ڵ
ʱ䣬һڲϴȻ춯
λ
ӭλǰĦּڴȡ
ǣʤм
ּ峤ǣ߾λ˿ܱȭߺȳ
Χ۵ЩˣȻǸߺȳгǫ顣
һ򵥵Ŀ׺λǿ߶ֱ߾ڸ̨棬Ӹµؿš
ڱ䣬൱򵥡
˴δһ˲μӣȽԤѡ̭İˡ
һˣ
һ峤ϺȻվͺȳгŲɡ
ЩӣһסվĿǰĳż
ڴȣǧѷĻᣬһɳĿܡ
˿ּ̣Ĺ㳡棬һ̨ΧһȺΧţʼڴ
ڣʼǩ
ֱĳҲϻֱӵͺһ˵
ţһ߳ųǩľޣ߹ȥ
һ֧ǩ
ľս졭
սᡣ
μӱЩˣһߺܿ;˶֡
һʱ͵һ̶Ŀܴţ˲ԶһӰϣгżֿȡ
ô
벻һ֣
Ӵ̨ϣͬӰӶڣʾ
ɣ
һֱ֣̽ʾ˵ͬʱг̽
ϣ
Ҳͣͣһеɽ˿ֹ
ǲ
̨ϣƲƲ죬м˵㻹Ϊ֮ǰǸô
Цڵ㣬һ¡
˵ţ±Ĺ󣬴ǰ׼
徳أ


86 
ڵʱ̨ߣۼѾϳˡ
ʵѾﵽ徳ˡ
Ǿ԰ɣ
ᣬδֻһɽк˸â²ϡ

ΧһͺŲ˼顣
ӣŸոյһս˵ʵ
ӣкϷˡ
˵ãļּһĵһ֡
ûʤ㰡

ᣬʼ
ʱһۻװ
ٺ٣ɡƾҲӮң
˵Ӯ̫˰ɡɡһĨм
ߣͷ˻Ӳֻһֳֹ졣
ţСӣʻȻʣȴҲʵӽɳɴһλϼ̾
һֻ乭졣
ɲСӵļֳ˲ٰҲּҵĸְ
ֻץסңΣۡһҶֱȥ
ۼ֧һĹâԼϮŲæ־ɽ
ৣ
ֻɽһһնһ죬֧۵һڵء
˻ʶصһ
ôܣôܽӵסһһ˼ı顣
ߣôܣһмޱ˵ô֪
ᡭ֧һӿֲɫâ
Լһ˿˿Ρ
úã
һеɽ
ͬʱĵ֮УǿŰɫӷٵתţ¶Ȼ½ˡʱƶȻ
ǳ̲ɽ޾ĺ֧ȥ
䡪ײ޴졣
â֯һ

Ҫʤˣһۼ˳ϵʽ
ǵɫâһǵϹ⡭
Χһ꣬벻Ȼôˣ
򵥵ļУȻͽֵ
Сﰡ
̨ܳһƬΧ۵ˣЩˡ
ɫһƬ԰ףгѪ˿ŭĿӡ
ôôܡ
㣬㡭
ԶЩ
ҵġ
һ׼Ըꬵġ
Ȼȴ֡
˵䣬һִļһץ֧ȡڹϡ
֧˿·񱩵Ϣ̨
һɫϢΧԣһ׵ʸ棬ͬϡ
֧޾Ϲ⳯ȥ
һӽʵ˵֮޾Ŀ񱩡
ȴ˿Ϊ֮
¶ϰֲŸӵơ
ף
϶û˵ꬵ𣿡
ԸꬣҿǲɡԸȴ´ˡ
˻ƣһ
Ҳϻֱ̧ƣ˻ʩչɫϢĵС
䣡
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һγײһನɢȥ
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ᣬ˾Ȼ˿ֲΧ۵˵ɴ۾Щ˼顣
Ʋ̤ͣĲһһ̤ʮɡ
ϺʵеɽźƼΪ
ƣ
ֳɽǰһ㣬ʱſֲĺᡣ
䣡ֻһ֮󡣳ϳ
˼״˼
Ųڿ̤䣬̨ϣһīɫƮ
˴âʾֻ̨֧۶ڵء
Ķ棬ֻһ𣬡ݡһһѪ̲ס³
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һʼʱǾԼ򵥣û뵽Ȼֲֵز
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ߣ̫⡣ֲ˲ǵѪӣһС㡣
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ԣ˿壬̧ɽǰָǰߣʲôоԳ
£һαǡ
ŶȻﵽ徳𣿲ǲһЦԼʵš
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Χ˴ҳųϵĶˡ
˵սǵ̫ˡ
ڸղţʵƺõǸƺѾˡ
ȻڣƾȻֱ徳أ
ᡣ
ۡ
Ĺɿ֧֮ңֱȥ
ֻǾ֧һƬĹâȥ
Լ֮仹һ΢
ڳĴ󲿷ˣֻо߳ǿ߲ŲΪ
˻ƣ
ӭǾֲ֧
ɫâЯޱߵĿ֮
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ΪƾҲ뵲סҵ̫ˡ
ϹٴһɫӡСʧ
Цչ
ǵӡȻ֮ɢ
һ˲䣬̤һޱȵĲ
ʽ
죡
ֳɽһ㡣
ڰɫӷתţϵɽϡ
һϹȥ
䡭ֻһ졣
Ĺâɢ
ϯ̨
⡭Ľ
벻Ȼǳϰ
̨ϣֻϹƺУһ
ֻɽ²졣
˻ƣƣ
׹Ȼһ޾ĺǵ񱩵Ϲ⡣
ɫâСɢˡ
ǵ׹ȴδɢᱼȥ
׹޾ĺ·նɱһС
͡

ɫĹâᷢһĲҽ
ֲξ㲻ԺҲһˡ
˲Ծسһ亹
һӣ׹̱ʧ١
Χ̨ȥ
ᵹ̨ϣ·ò
¶һ˿ڡ
Ѫϵϵ˰̶ϵȾϵۣĿģټı飬ͬһ㡣
˻Χ˼龰һƬ𾪡
ôܣ˵ıȻˣһ˵Ĳ
ߵǰһеĳͺȵ
ˡ
أȴһ˿ͰԵ
µһηˡ
һǰ𣿡
벻ʱһȻ


87 ó

ʱ䣬̨һƬȻ˶ŵض̨֮ϣһὣ̳Ӱ
⣬⣬⡭
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Ҫ֪ڣļǵ֮ĵһһЩ϶
Ȼڣ£ȴˣһܵôס
Χ۵˴˿ҲһȻһǰɽǵǸƺˡ
ȫž˶ס̨֮ϣһӰ
㣬ˣ
Ტ𻰣ѹһεظһ顣

ôܣܡ
ôܣ䣿
нգƺҪٶȺһ
ϣ
Ҳɣ˫Ҫùʱһ֣ڿд̹
ɲǼ䣬һĺâڴ˿̺Ȼĺֱȥ
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ڸ̨ϣһϵͺȳﵱг޾ϡ
ᣬ̨Ӯ
Īó嶯ʧ㱾ġ
һһӣͱԭأһ
߸˵սʤ

Χܵˣ춯صش
̨Ÿտʼѣı֣ȴϡ
ȺУĸ컢ĸŶһޱǿ֮ʱǵҲԺ
ΪһˣǵĶӡ
͹ˣ
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
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ҲҪŬ
ּڣſɲ١
컢һֱģ˿ѹ˵
ǣף
ԹţҲף佾꣬ͬʱּڵ꣬ɲ١
ֻԽԽѣĶҲֻԽԽǿ
ɲ˿Ĵ⡣
ּȣһʼչ
ܿ죬ֵˡ

治֪ô˵ˣ
ԼĶ֣ȻһЦɫЩΣ˷ܡ
ΪһĶ֣ء
ڶȫûκεѡ
ڵؿ˿ûз
̨ͨŶһӰȴǳſɬ
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ʼ
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£żһ棬ͺһƬ紵Ҷ㣬ƮƮ͵ؽ̨档
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䣡
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УһͳĿձ̶
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벻ĽҲͦ졣
سʩչ˲䣬;ط֣صʵ֮ǰҲ˲١
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ҽ
͵ظߺһ󳤽գֱǰͳȥ
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гѣͼһȺ˵϶Ų˼顣
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أ
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һƬ˻˵жмãȻ
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92 ʼ

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δͣڹ㳡һ䣬һλͻȻԾֳһѾ޸Աߵһȥ
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ȡ
ţһȣӴû״ڰɫĺ鿪ʼתϺۡ


93 ʸ֮

ʱеɽһһӴϢϯƱӿͬʱƶٶȼ졣
ڵİɫӷתеɽ˵ұϼ͹ͣϢعɽСһƬ׹⣬¹ҹ¡
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94 ŵĶ
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һĲ̤תۼӵǰ
˻϶ȻһԶŵϢӿæâһתӭǵӡ
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95 
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98 徳
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ĸ컢ڿԺ״̬ҲʾҪƾôš


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99 
길컢ĻҲͣǼæԼҵСԺԶ첽ȥ
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ৣৣৣ
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˴˿̣һڿڵͳĵ˵Ŀд󻺻ɢܣķ

ЩۣȻţûκ⡣
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ͷոճ֣ȴоһͿʼܿƵ׹ȥ


103 ¿ռ
ףô£
ͻȻ䣬оԼڼ½һƬڣȫû㣬ڿвܿƵĸоҲЩ־塣
ԴġءҲ㣬ֻƣڷٵ׹š

ӹһ磬صķųۣ춯
εĲ䣬ԵظоԼΧ¶ڲϵؽ͡
æڵĺ飬һɺΧܣӲؽϺ߿⡣
ܵ¶ȻڲϽֻͣԼ˿̷·һ֮Сϵʴ壬Ȼ˹ֵϢȻʹɪɪҡҡλΡ
飬ת
죬죬졭
͵صͺһڵĺ飬ʼڸתԭܵĺһ˲俪ʼתۿɼٶȿʼڡ
Ƭ̺󣬺ȫʧ˫۽˿ϵıҲһ˲ڻ
ʱƣϵʼڣԭ壬ýӲʼָ֪
ͻȻֻһ˴ڵĵصӿ
ʲôط
ͷһ̧ͷܣֻһƬڣæתԼڵĺ顣
һ̣ڵĺ鱻ת˼¡һɹɺ˵ĺڱӿ
ֳɽȫһּٶǵصȥ

һ
벻صﾹȻ˿ֲ
һᣬƶȻһŵص׸ǰ
һ·ϣС鲻ͣתµĺϵرΧ
ȵϢ͸赲ϵ˴ϵﶼʼµȼ
ϴ߶ԼĺһδεǹɸϢ
ǰ˴Լʱ֮оԼƺôȡ
ϢȵĸоѾʧȻʱȴԵǱ
Ѿòˣͷɢ˫ԣȫʪܵġ
һ
벻Ȼգǵ
һһƬڡ
ֻдӲ֪͸΢Ĺâſɱһ̻ͨܿͼ
ֵǣͨ߷޴һߵǽͨһƬӨɢһˡȻͨһȴһǽһƬ죬仹ܸоһ˿˿ĻԾ
ûϵص׵¾Ȼһı硣ǻԵɺϣҲûмִܵС硣
ؾѵ
ıؾ
̾˿
ǽϣһ޴Ľܲϣ޾ĽϣһɹͬԶŵϢƣɢĺϢ
·ܵĳٻһ㣬鲻ԽһȥǽȥϸϸظһĽۡ
һģľԺС
˿̽һ״̬ϥ˫΢գһɹͬԶŵϢ
ʱ۾Ȼһ
һž
֪Ǻִ֮˲ܴһͨ̾
ǰڵͨͷ
һڵʯͨ
ʯǰŲ˳ͨϡ
֪˶ãֻԼһƬڰвͣǰš
Ȼǰһ
˷ӿ˽Ų
ʱǰͻȻ
ǰȥǰ
ӳǰһƬ޴Ĺ㳡
һ޴ɫʯ帲Ź㳡΢Ĺâǹ㳡Եʮֹϣһʮֺصĸо
㳡ռؼȥһԵ
ԥһ̤㳡
ܺȻøӵһ⿪ʼۡͬʱһҲʼ
һʱ䣬ټĹ㳡㱻ֳ룬ֻһһС
һϮۣɫʯϣһɹϢ
ڵĺתϵصֵĺ档
Լһӹ󣬶ĺ鿪ʼĶͷڳ˳ղϵʯϡ

֪Ѿ˹㳡룬Ȼк鱣˿̵Ȼʮֳؼǰн
ʱ
һѹ̾Ϣ·Զţѹ޷
һâӵ³ֻһɺɫĹâҫۡ
ţ䡱ľ죬Ӳʯѿ
״Ȼȥ̤Ĳ䣬ӳ˶ʮɡ
ֻɫʯ屬ѣһ޴ʯͷӵص
ֳء

ǿʯԽԽȻһʯ
ʯʮɸߣֳһɳĻ޽һƬڣ޽һʡ
״ͷһ
ʯض㳡ػˡĥš
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ʯ񷢳һ޴ɫʯѣܷɢ
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ʯһͳֳ־޽
ŲһŲܿһ
䡪
޽ڵϣһӲɫʯ˲ɷĩ
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ʯһȭ
ཻ˲䱬ը
һȭֱӵ˳ʮκȻһ١
ʯһȭֱ۲ϲеɽ졣

벻ʯȻ˿ֲ
ƺȻ
Ĳ̤ʯ¡
죡
һɿֲƴɽбӿ۳һʯȥ
ʯ˫ֳֽ޽߸߾
һ£񱩵Ϣϯȥ˿ǿ
ɿֲײһ
ʯ˲䱻ΪĩʯӴҲܵ𶯣Ⱥ˼
˿̵ȴҲǲֹۣϵĳ飬һ˿ѪʱԵǱ
ߣһʯҿҺΣ
˵ţٴαǣϵļһ͹
һ̣ڵĺת˼£һɹԴԴϵĺɽܡ
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һȴԵòŲæֳɽ͸Ľ

ৡ
ϻеɽĽʼһһ߳ľ޽ǰ
ڽΧһ쳹㳡
ĽһںһһԶŵϢ
ˡ
߾޽ӴϢÿһ
һ
һȡ
ǰľ޽ٴһʵʣʯȥ
ʯľ޽һҲ¡һ˺ܾãƼΪֲ
Զŵײһ𣬷һ춯ص
ĵطʯ御ѡ񱩵ϢϯټĹ㳡
βϵɶȻڵϡ
ֻһһѪɫ԰ס
䡭
һ촫ʯ޽أĳ
ߡһȡ
˻ƣ
һӡзɳصʯʮɸߵϡ
ʯ񷢳һͺ
أ
ʯӲصסصһ
ơ
һһλӳ
ǿĽâʹʯʼѿ
ҫ۵Ĺâʯ޴һɢ
âɢȥԭ޴ʯһʯһء

һ
벻ʯȻǿ󣬿ӣͨȻ֣ҪС²С
һԼĺǹ㳡һȥŲƻʵ


104 ͨ
ŲỺӯȻٶȴǼ죬һ̤һƬ
ԼĪһʱڴԽƬĹ㳡ǰһڡ
һâ֯ڴ
ââӳԵʮء
ظղŵǴ﷢İɡ
ڴп׹쳣䣬ȴȡһһﾹȻںһǳϰ
˵ţһ̤ǵĹâ֮С
׶ɫĹâһ˲ͽС
ľ
ʮֹһ͸ʯ嵹ӳΡ
һֻ߳һɴĵϺӽŵԼĸλ
ˣҲ˸
˻˻˻
һ
û뵽ʯȻ̺˴̹ǵĺضȻҲѰ֮ˡ
ڶһƬ죬һԾϡ
һȵϢֱ񱩵Ϣӿʮֲֿ
ڵĺһ̿ʼתһ
ΪһϷֵͷϷϮ
ȴȻֹۣһ͸ͷϮ
ĺͷ䡣
źĲ룬忪ʼӲıʼᡣ
ںĲۻϿʼѿ
⺮Ĳֲ֪˶ٱմȥͨҲˡ
ȴȻηǰȥ
ÿ̤һһɹɸǿϢӿ
һԣڵĺתš
ʱһɹϵϢǰͨӿ
δӦǵϢģʹʱʧϵ˿ؿʼԭ
֣ϢǴģȻ̺˾޴ѹ
ʱߣڿͨľͷ
һɫʯųǰʯжʮ߸ߣʮߡһɺأɣϢʯת
վʯǰͻȻһϢӿڵĺת
˻ƣ
вһӡһɵǵ޴ӡںϣγһ޴İ׹⡣
䣡
һƺǵɫʯϣıڴ˿ص춯ͣ
ʱ׹ʣӴϢһ˲ǵ޴ʯţϡ
䡣
һ춯ص޴ӡʯžҵײһ
ʯһɿֲ֮£ʼƶ

ϵشŴ
ʯŵòϴ򿪣һӴϢϯ
飡
һص촫
ǰһƬâ֮ǰ˲֪ٱ
ʯźһʮִĿռ䡣
ǰȥֻǰĲԶѾʧ
ǰ˼Զľ롣
Ϣ˾һһȣʮֿ¡
ƬʧĵطһĽ۸ֳ롣
һߣռ䣬ɢĺֱ˸ս
ȻһߣƬռ䱼ӿ޾Ļ棬ܵĻյÿһƬ졣
ǵ۵Ϸһ
ʮ־޴󣬳һǧɣɣռؼ㣬Զȥк죬ڣҽ磬ͬѩͬһ
ڹɷصż֣̽
ֲ֪˶ɢһɲɣϢ
ԭ
ģ
ʱȫ׹Եıؾĺģ
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͸Ĺâ俴һʯ忪ʼ֡
һ󣬹âɢ
ǰһݣоʮż̨ס
ʯͨ͸ɫɫཻ
ÿ̨׽֮һ֮ߣࡣ
ϵϢ̨
ʯԱߣһϵıʯ
顰̨סΧԿС֣ɣܣԵ;
ͷһ
״һˣҲգұһԣɹʡ
һּ̤ᶨ
ںתһλ쳹Ƭռ䡣
һӴʯ壬һɫâ𣬺Ϯ
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ڲϵ赲źϮȻһ˿â͸һ
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ͻȻһԾϢ˲ʧȡ֮һůĸо
Χ¶ڲߣůĸоֻһ˲ʧˣһȵϢϮ
࣬˿ޱߵ֮УţһС

һҧأȻһԾͽ˵̨ס
ٴϮȻҧͦ

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ϵһϮѾƵ߰˰ˡ
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ںת˼£ֳɽϻţĺڱӿһ汻ɢȴиĻӿ
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Ĳ̤һԾʱڵʵʵ
˻˻˻
ΪʹһУԵüΪʹࡣ
Ѫֱۿʼ䡣
ڸղţĺģһۣ˲ʱ䣬Ѫ硣
æһǵ˿ڸǡ
ӴѸٵػָ˿ڡ
ʱѾ˵ʮ߼̨ϣʱһɺϢӿ
Ҵ⣬ڵĺһʱתڵ֮УٵתţһɿֲϢӿ
ΧһʵԵʵܣϵصֵ纮ʴ
ͻȻһ˿𾪡
ڸղţطԼڵĺȻĺһ˿
Ȼ֮ǰ͸ܵԼƬռĺһּϤĸоȻڸղţָоΪǿҡ
ϲ֣ʯϣһ˿Լڣظһ˿ĺ
忪ʼ˿̣˽һּ״̬
Լ˰ʱ䣬ͻȻһ⡣ϵıʼڻ
ԼȻĺȻֻǺٵһ֣Ҳ
ڸоԼĺǵؿʼںһ𣬱øӿ¡
һžϴںɢһɺ
ΣоκһζҪǿ쳣ú䡣
һԾֱ̤ǧֱӳһ̨׳ȥ
ʱоһԼӿһɺɢ
һζݵںϣɺӺ䣬һ˿Եƺӿ񱩣ΧΧ
߹֮һɢһɰĺ̨ס


105 ģ
һ̤ԵüΪأ·ÿһ̤һ
ÿһ̤񶼴żΪصƺþȫ쿹һ
ȡ
һֱӲ˵ڰʮ̨ϡ
˿̵죬أСĺ˲ʪ͸ĳۡ
һֱһʱоԼϢң޴ѹʹڴڵشŴ
˿ȴη塣
ڵĺǿֵ࣬ȳ̶ȵӦûǿԵİɣ
Ȼһεںϣǿ˲١
ȣ
ȻһƣһƬĻ澡ɢȥ
Ҳһ
ȻкȻɺܴԼϵתѾ߸ʱ½
ֻº·ԽԽߣ֪ܳŵʲôʱ򡣡
Լֹţеɽȴͣػ裬һĻ澡
ɽһһ䣬ٵĻ˲ʱʧӰ١
һ̨һ
Ļ濪ʼһһһǿ˳½ڽܡ
Ļһ˿ڿʼֳ
Ȼ˿̣쳣ᶨһɲ־˫ۡ
ۣ
һѪ³Ҳһ̣˵ڰʮ̨ϡ
һϢʱӴ޾ĺ֮С
оԼϵ˿ڲϣϵÿһϸ棬ĺ

ԼĪһӹоԼľ࣬һ
˿ϵ˿Ѿϵ߰˰ˡ
չӡ
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ǰ̨ס
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ߡ
һȣһ̨ȥ˿ûһ˿ӣᶨޱȡ

һһȵϢϮ
ʱѾ˵ھʮ˼̨ס
һӴʯף͸еһƬ֮С
˱ڣһ˲ͱ޾Ļ𺣰
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βϵó˵ʴһ˿ڴֶѪ˳ƴϲϹ䣬ؼ˳ƱӰ١
һ˿˿˿вʱ˿Ե֡
˻˻˻
ϵ˵ʴ
˿ʹʹһ
ʹ·ԼϣԼꡣ
·ܹꡣ
ʱȴҲҶ룬æۼһΪһΧ
һһɺϵ
ˣȻоԼϵʹһ֡
ܵ˻ڲӿ
һʼᣬһʼԻһɹɿֲϢ
ӴϢѹ֮£ֱһѪ³ɫ԰ס
ڲϵصֵŻϮ
Ȼ۵ôһɰϢ֮£Ҳ޷ֵá
뺮ֻཻһ٣̻һƬޡ
˿𾪣ȻӴ
ƶȻһᣬһɼΪֲϢڱӿһ˷
һ٣ٴ
ֳɽһɹɺԴԴϵعɽС
ɽ˿̺һâ˲ʱ䣬һɲϵϢֱϡ
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ɽһӿ޾
˿̣ڵĺ飬ڵ֮Уɿתţһɺɢ
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Сϵζţ֮һ쾡ѡ
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СܵĳٻһΧԵǡ
ҵתڵĺ飬Ϣ
澡ɢ
ڽڰˡ
Ȼڴʱ䡱һҵ
ѭȥһаٳ֮βƣ
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䣡
²ȣֱӵɶ
أ
ֱʯϣѪ죬ϳ飬ѪɫȾɵһʯס
ɫ԰ףɽΧˡ졣

ڴ
ʱһɺϮ
ʱ޾ĺֵ
˻˻˻
ɺཻһɿֲϢԼǰȥһƬƽ̹
䡣
һͷֻһһģʼ
ǿϯƬռ䡣
վʯϣɼǿײ
˿ԼѾھʮż̨ϡ
ԭǰཻ֯ɢǿನֱӽƷɡ
Ҳøǵֱӽ͵һ̨ϡ
ھʮż̨ף
ʱеһɴĵĺ䡣
ʱ°ѱϢסϻɽٶԴ½
ѵǰһŲţ
оԼĺĸ֪ڲʧϢڲʧʶڲ϶ᣬǰúڰ
忪ʼӲ޷˿̸еһС
֮Уһ˿˿ʼ֡
һŻ״忪ʼᡣ
󾪣
ŭĿԲг˲ɫ
Ȼ֮䣬ĿռУһĺ⣬
ǵٶȼ죬ֻһͳǰ
һȵϢӺһ˿˿ؿʼڡ
һڣһůϢʹȫ
ϵıʼڻĺʼɢȥ
еԼϸ»ԼϵĴһ޸
ڣתһ˿˿ĺӺɢ
ֻһɼϢʼΧĺֻǹɺΪһС
纮ϵرգСڿʼϼӴ֣ϼӳ
ԼĪһʱԺСѾʮ֮ΧӣϵΧĺһ޾֮
һϲ뵽ϣ֮еǿź鱼ȥ
ǵ⿪ʼںϡ
ӨУһ˿˿ȫһ㡣
໡
ϴڴ
һȫڡ


106 ̫
ڵĺ飬˿̹â磬һʵʻơ
һһ֮䣬޾ֲϢ
һ̤޾ıʼڻΧ¶ȿʼ
һԾһƬֱǹȥ
һŲǺصʯ֮ϣһֲϵĸоȫ
ǰһ޴Ĺڵص׿
ɢһɶصϢϢ˼뼫Ϣ
ϢֻԼȡ

һǰһ̤
Ĳϣֻڼ䣬һȾ޴ʯǰ
ʯͨһƬڣ׹⽻֯ӿ
˻
˿Ҳһ
ʯһǧɸߣа˰ٶɣһɹϵϢ
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ں鿪ʼתϢʼӶŲæ˫ֲϵشصӡ
ǹϢʼһʮɳӨһ
໡
ϴ
һ

еŰʯźȥ
䡣
ˣ
ʯ໥ײһನը
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ʯһӵʱ䡣
䡭
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䡱һʯŴ򿪵˲䣬һϢʯźֱӱ
ȫƣһƴǵϢ˲ʱ䱻ɢ
һԾֱʯ档
ǰȥֻڹģһ
֮ߣԱװ磬һɹɺһɼɢһϵϢ
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һһʯ̣ʮɣֳһʮɵĴ󵶡ֻһվһϢ
оҪԼǵϢһ˲ͱ
ȻһߣֻһͨĵҲʮɸߣֳһʮɵĳһԾϣƼˡ
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ǰɴһ޴İͼơ
Уγһ޴̫󷨡
໥棬һɹϢֱ
ֱӱϢƵֱð亹
̺Ϣֲ̫
֮ǰڱͨеıﲻ֪Ѿǿ˼
վ̫ǰԼһ̤룬·еһ˿ϢԼξʬ޴档
Ҵ⣬ڵĺһת˼¡
һɰϢӿһʼΧһ

ϵشŴĺͷʼ˳տʼ䡣
˿һγһ޴ı
ʱоԼϵѹ˲١
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ƶɵıڲϵرѹ
໣
˿쳹Ƭռ䡣
ڣڲϵԼıע롣
һֱʣϡ
̫У֮ת
Ϣʼʵ翵ϢɼһӹϢˮ㡣
һɢ˷ָϢ
һɣͨ͸ޱȡ
ϢӴ̫ͼвš
ȻÿתһΣϢͰθһ֡
һ̤̫ͼڲ֪ת˾žŰʮһΡ
һһ޴ѹϮսʱǿ˺ü
ͷһ
ֻӲͷƤ֮еĺ飬˿һǰδеٶڷת
ΧһǿѹɢȥһдԴԴϡ
ǿϢ֮£УϮ
ֳɽϻ裬ɢһһʴ
ʱ̫ʼҵ
һ׹
ǰһٴ۾ʱԼ˿ѾһƬѩ֮С

һ󺮷Хһ
ͻȻһ̶ԶԽԽ
һдƳ
ϵ̤ĲϵضЩУеɽһһ䣬ıɢ
лڲ࣬ԴԴϵش
ء
ϵĳ飬һѪʼ
һӣ˿سϡ
ʺѪҺڱѩ֮ϣɢ

ڵشŴ
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ʱһƬҽ֮ϣţĴĽ¡
䣡
һӻȵҽڳһ쳹ء
еɽʼ趯һȥ
ЩһɽĹâοʼŤһ뵽ҽС
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Χͣ
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ˡ
ƬؿʼҲǰһڣ˶֮С
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̫УһӰƯڿСϢʧЩӰʵΪһӰâ䡣
һʱ̫гһ˸Ӱ
⡭ʮʮɷ
벻̫оȻ̺һ޵

һµĲ˲ʱʼ
ÿһ̤̺޾ĿֲϢٶȼ졣
ʼʱ򣬿һ˵ӰҲʼƶ
ݣ
һ˵εƶ˿ֱ˶
ƾĲԿһβƮһ˵Ӱвش
еɽϻӳһӲذΧӰˡ
һ˵Ӱ˺һ٣һһֱǰһ˾ȫ
оԼ·޾ĺȻ֮С
˻˻˻
һ˺ѷεĲҽС
ϵĳòѪ⿪ʼģɫһƬ԰ס
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107 

̻Ի͵ĴڣӰȻ֣˿ؿڲţصĺΧԣڲϴѸٴܡ
̫Ȼ
ϡ
͵һ࣬еĳɽ棬ѤĿĹ⻪γһƬΪѤĹâΧԶ첨š
ડ
ĹУһȣһǺ䣬ߵĸֳűУ˫ѤʣϻûһƬ
ȣ
ͻȻ̧ͷеһͬʱﳤغһ̧ͷԶȥĿͣǰߴ೤Ĺڹǰλ档
һӴĵλãǻʵһ¡
ڣͬμھеһӴ棬ͬԵķ
һߣҽš
һߣǱ̹ǵĺı㣬͸˿˿Ƶĺ
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ÿһ̤ڵһΪĺۼ
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Ѥʵ棬ְ쵵ɫʲϼһ໥ƴһγҫ˫Ĺâ
էһʱĵҲݺݵסرǴ˴ٽھʮ⿴ĵȼ˵ļ
ӴبŴڣҽѩ㣬ԶǿߵıŹӲɣ֮С
һ̣ǴʱգصԶŸǿԣȻ䣬ָо棬ὣңָ²ĪҲӡ
ױȵĸоУһʱվԭأþòƶֺ

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͡
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ɽƽ˫ϥĿĵУһƵĹâڴ˿̻صûܣϴ߶Զ
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ڣ˴Գ磬໥ڣһ硣
ΪΪȡ
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ȵҽͬ㣬һ˲ںһˮһ˿̺ˮϣµֱԶȥ
ϣҲʼһһâѤĹ˸ţγɺƺƵһƬһ
ںţϽγɣϷһǳĹֱ֮һƬãյС
ˡ
䡭
һâͻȻڷ˫ϥǰɽͻȻ˵ڴ˵ػصͣ
ɽϣͻȻ俪ʼһĹâһһâڴ˿̽ţڽӳţֵޱҫۡ
ৣ
ͻȻ䣬յ˫͵


108 
۵һ˲䣬һֱϵһڴ˿̿ʼϻûţγһƬС
׹â棬һӴУͬһԸ߿յк£ƺƵغӹֱӳڷǰһɽ档
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ɽ
𡭡
͵ס˫ضǰڷ˫ϥϵһɽ
˿̣ԭͨ͸Ľ棬ʼֳ׵ɫѤ쵵Ĺ⻪ڴ˿̿ҫۡ

죬ֱͳȥȫȥɽС
ˣˡ
ɽڴ˿̲ز˵类ţ죬Ȼ
ƾܹâ֣޹⻪էȴ˿⡣
棬ʱȥһŴĵۻʰ㣬ֳֳӽʦӹǰһУΪޡ
أʱƣ𶯵ˡһֱĶԡ
ɽڷƱüΪǿ˵Ĳѡ
ȣ
ͻȻ䣬ĿбһͳĺĿѣ˫УһĨ
ϣһ׹âڽ˸
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顣
͵һģǰͳȥͷͳǰıը𵴶ȥ
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䣡

һͳȥʱһƬУͬХڴ˵˻صѸٴķ
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棬ͫ׵УһֻǺɫһֻǰɫޱȵޣױȵڴ˿̲ϻص
һĿ֮УҲʼмֵĹ˸ϡ

һ˲䣬͵ὣеĳӶţʼһΪӴˣڴ˵ػصϣľڲϻûţγһƬΪص

ꡭ
ĿУʼһͳƵĺڴ˵ػصƺƵܡ
˿ɱϥƣֻĻӶɽ棬һΪҫ۵Ĺâڴ˿̲ϸ֡

һӳâȥֻбһƬâڱţƺƵĹֳͨѪ죬ͬҽȫһ
ͬʱڵ·һ·λãһƬҽأʼٱ仯ҽغĳ߶ٶȣˮһֱʹԭİ߱㣬ûȥһƬı㣬ȫڡ
磬ֻҽããɽ棬ޱȣͬӵصҽһ
ȻЩȫȻ⣬ֻֻӶţصķвϴܡ

ͻȻ䣬һ䣬͵һɽ棬ױȵϢ㣬ֱӳܶȥ
͡
ǻȵҽһ˲ȫ˸ɾȡ֮һƬ㣬ɽðĴʣҫ˫
꣬꣬ꡭ
ͬʱڹµ統Уԭҽڼ䣬ͱµĺţһƬѸֹȥֱӳԶȥ
ҽڱӿĹڴ˿̷ֱͳԶȥȻһƬҽȴѾѸȥȻԭ̬ȴѾһƬѩأ캮ڱһƬѩ֡


شϢһڿڱĺĿкɢⷽյС
ɽʱѾȫڱţڵҹյУԵ÷ͺһһͨ徧Ө͸ҫ۶Ŀ
غһޱȱϢڴ˿̲ϵسֳԶͳȥ
һ𣬱ˮ졣
һ䣬׻𸲵ء
еɽϵػӶһƬ򣬿ʼϷű仯ױȵƲڴ˵زϳֳγһױȵĹâ

⽣⡣
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ͬʱĿڸһ⡣
⣬Ϻȣܹϴ߶γɺƺƵĹâֱӳԶȥ

꣬ꡭ
ĿУڲϷͳصĺڲϺƺƵشܡ
Ĺâڴ˿̻صķװ㣬ܡ
棬ֻԺУһױ⣬һֱţܣγɺƺƵֱӳԶȥ

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ںϣɽڴ˿̲ţ˵ı
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ţ
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Ϸ춯ɲǣԺоѸٵҲʶ

·ҽ㣬໥ţϷ𵴵ƺƵػص

͵أһͬʱʶ̧ͷϷĸ߿ա
棬վĿⶢǰҲ¶һĨصϢ
ৣ

вһ˦ɽһ۵Ĺâ˸
ֶ˱һź׹âţһΪҫ۵Ĺâ
ֻǵһڿն
ৣ
һޱȵĹâڴ˿͵سǰɫҽɫıѩڴ˿̻ص
˫͵һ壬Ͽʼ˵ıͬһǰֱӻһ󣬺ӹֱŹȥ
棬ҽͬ㿪ʼںϣ໥γһӴУһױȵ͵ظǹȥ
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ȡ
Ťת壬Ʋɵƣֱǰȥ¡¡ľ죬ڴ˵ػصͣ
ңƣ
һͺȣɽ׹â˸ǰһն


109 
¡
žĿռ䵱УͻȻһͳıͬװ㣬ڴ˵غȻը¡¡ľ졣
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£׶༪١
ǳĹâ֮ʱԺֳΨһһͷ

˷ɢĵطһͷӴޣȴ˿ܣ񳹵ͬװĵͺֱӳķصȥ
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ৡ
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ৣ
ĿעӹȴֱͣӺӹеɽ棬б⾳ڼٽ˸š

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̧ͷԶȥؽüͷһֱšš
ӣǰ·ҲǼΪգô׵ġ
гֵһͷҲһͷ


΢΢غеϢ𽥱ó
߰ɣ
ʶһȣʩչӰͬһ㣬ӳ
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ããޱߵҹУͻȻһâ˲˵ע


110 
ǰһƬĻʮʢţɢڹԣΪƬžҹգ˼ѤĿĹ⻪
Щʲô
ꬣʶȷ֣ɵţüͷ壬оЩ˼顣
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ף
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ţִ֣Զһ𻨲ϸϸۿš
𻨲ƴС۵Ļϣһͨ죬һѩףһĻ龰Ȼ֮ʱȴһƬȣûҽȣбѩĺ䡣

ִһսһֱ׹âˡ
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ţһգֻоһΪŨһ˲Ŷˮһ͸ƣֱɢ

ޱŨ
һ˲䣬Ҳżֲ˼顣
ڱ˲䣬оһѰһ˲伱ͷŶͬǹˮһ޿ײͨȫëףڡ
Ũ˲١
ڣǱױȵ
ﵱЩϲ
ͬʱꬣʶˣһܡ


ӣɶֱֲժţԵı𻨺ܿͲժһա
ʮı𻨣ǲˡ
죬죡
Щ𻨶ժ
൱Ũġ
˶ͣ٣ʼժҲ⡣
һһ䣬һƬı𻨿ʼ£ֱƮųӹȥ
ͣ

һƬӳܻλεӶȥҲüΪʱ޿̵ܣγһƬãã
ٶ죬ڷֱ𻨵޾ʱ򣬶ͣ٣ƬﵱУʼժ
ʮϢ󣬳ȥ⣬ˣʼϥ
飬飡
ϥأƮ
ڱ𻨴ԵУ˾ϥǵϣһɺ׹â໥ţʱ˸ͣ


һڿڵͳĺǵĿвϴܻƮȥ
ôˣ
ʲôˣ
˵ķӦüЩ⡣
Ž𻨴ʮϢĹѣһϥգֺųһ
һϣһƬ׹󸲸ţвϸֳûԶɢȥ
Щ
˫ֽű𻨣͵һգɰֱڣܿͱգֱ
Щȫû⣬ܹ׵ա
ˣȴΪѣһüͷз⡣
⵽ô£
ܹ׵ա
ǣֻڿʼȽףֻϥ
ôãղһ𻨡
Ҳ˲ͬգǺѡ
ô
һ٣ͻȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬һ֣Եú⡣
룬Ѿеԭ
ţΪڵ¹ڣıйء
һˣ͵ϥԣһƼΪ΢š
⣡
͵һ̧ĵпʼ˸һΪĹâʼ޼ɵؾ£
ʼ
һͺȵܣҲʼֳһΪĹâڴ˼˻ص
ա
һƬı𻨣˵ûκεӰ죬ֱܹգһǴգȫй˼ɡ


Ŀпʼһĺؿڲţͳĺ
΢ĺܵЩ𻨣ۿɼٶȿʼήеܣʼת
飡
¡
ڼٱ仯ţĵУҲʼֳһӰֻƵУһźɫɫĹâ֣ɢȥ
⣬߶£Щͬǳˮ㣬ӿȿֺسȥ
ȣ


һܣʼֳһӰ׹â̽棬ʱʱ֡
ʱ˸ϥһƹâڲ˸ţӳγһƬѤĿĹ⻪
ڴ˿̣ԣȴγããһƬһƬڲţûγһƬâڴ˵ؽ֡

һڿڳĺĺ촫ܲƮȥ
˿̣ϥʩչͬһܿռ䵱ŵ
꣬ꡭ
ǵͳǴ̶ĺϴԾþûصͣ
𻨵ӳһֱԣþòɢ

ͻȻ䣬͵һʱʼƬƬɢ͵سȥɽ塣
ɫĻ棬ɫĺγһƬӰ񹹳һһתţϷ𵴶
٣һԲϳֳƺƵԶɢ
һ˲䣬ױȵĹâ֣γһƬ󣬻ûųԶ
ڴƬƬصȻڵϣ춯˵ڴ˿ͣ

͵һŵʼƬƬظǹһ㲨˰㣬ɢݺݵسܡ
ʱʼΪģԶɢȥһƬâڴ˿̻صϣɢԶ
һһ䣬Ҳʼһһϱ仯ţγױȵĹѤʡ
𻨵
Ȼ
˿̣˷ޱȡ


111 ϸ
ڣһƬʣȵĻ棬µı䣬ڴ˿̲γһƬѤʡ
Ũڴ˼䲻㣬һֱܡ
ʶꬵȵˣϥһ޵Ϣڲϳ֣ڲϡ
Ҳͬһϥ޵Ϣ
ͬǣǵϣһɼΪʵڼ˸ϣҫ۹âϣȴһƬͣһƬ˸ͬʵһֱܡ


ԣʼ໥ںϳһţγһƬʵ
һ˲䣬͵ǰȥͳǰȥ
ৣৡ
䣡
ƬƬͬ˰㣬ֱӱڹڵķ£
˫ֻӶţһŵĵвϱ仯£ĵУ͸ȫëףȫĸ뵽С
һƬããУʼ£Ϊһţڲʱڵ峿һƬããںС
¡
ৡ
ϥһƬĹâڸ֣ڱ𻨵Ե÷
ƬΧԣһƬı𻨣Բܼɢ𻨿ʼۿɼٶȣڿٵؿή

ϯȫʧһƬή
ϣк׹â˸γһ̫ͼǿͬһ
⣬߶£ɽƽǰһƵĹâв˸ţһˮһ
ȡ
͵صһ䣬ȫγɺƺƵһƬںϳһš
һУڼٳȥ
ǿ
ĵм֣⼱ٴ߶𻨳ƬƬصȥ


ʲô
ߵı仯ҲԶꬣʶעʱĿ£ǰ¶һ˿˼顣
ô񱩵ɡ
ѵ±𣿡
ЦгŲмȻԱߣʶȴǽüͷɫЩȡ
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Щա
ûһ˿һ˷ѣôܣ
ʶڴ˿ʳûܹشĻ
۵ʱȴϥһ޵ϢڲϸֳγɺƺƵһƬǰʶȥ
ʶĻ£ˣһɫ죬رꬣĲ˼顣
ôܣ
Щ𻨣ԣûôա
Сӣôյô죿
ꬵϳŲ˼飬εضǰʼг
ִԣҲЩ˼顣
Űɣ
ʶһ£ȴȤضǰһֱͣϡ
ꡭ

˵ע£ȴƽغţԣҲĺ𵴳Ӷȥ
Ƭռ䵱еı𻨣ʼƬƬص£ʧȥѸٿή
ʲô
⣬⣬⡭
ͻȻ䣬͵Щü
ΪۿɼķΧһƬı𻨿ʼήڿ˿˿Ƶشͬӹӣڴ˿ԵΪҫۡ
ৣৣৡ
һƬĹâϡ
ô
ܵˣ
ꬴʱɴ۾ŵضⷽţ֮ԺоȻôһͷ
죬ա
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ʶҲеĹؼµͺȳϥһƹâڸֳ
ļˣͬʱҲʾЩǼΪѵãټѣҲҪսȥ
˶ϥգȻЧȴǴͬ
ˣʶűڵȴϸһûʲôЧ
أֻǾͺǴ󽭺һӿֱӹȥ
ߣ֮
˼һ𣬶һɵôࡣ
ʱԲʮıȴֳһƬơ
Щ𻨣Ѿȫήˡ

е͵վϣһƬһֱţŨֱӹһƬ
𣡡
ͻȻһͺȣ̽͵һ
ɲǼ䣬һصԭڷڵϵɽݡһֱӴӵϺӳ󻮹һĺۼƵС
ҵ
ϲ֣ʱȻޱǿ˫۵к޾ָо˵ˬ졣
˿̣طꬣʶˣҲվżۼ֮ɫ
ΪֱڣҲʮı𻨶ѡأƬ𻨶ˣһ궼û

ִ΢΢³һҲżΡ
ˣжĽɫ
ߣ
ͻȻ䣬һֱӺӳͬһ㣬նȥ
ৣ
ֻڿ˸ӰӰѾͳǰȥԶ¡
ꬣʶҲ̳֣ӹһ͵سǰȥ
𻨿ήƬռһƬڣȻڼϢ֮󣬾ͳһ貵Ĺâ
ңң֮⣬һƬâѤĿظֳ߲ʵϼնԶͶ޾񷡣
ѵǳڣ
ߣȥ￴
˼ͬʱӳ⣬ֱԶȥ
ʱ䣬ǰ֮һâɢγɺƺƵͳǰ
£˶ֱͣͣӳǰӳһâڴ˼صγѤĿĹԡ
ţ
еУͻȻתͷŲԶ
ٶȡ
ôܣô죡
ͬµꬵЩ˼飬ʶصͺ
ȻȴҲŲǰͬӰһһ䣬ܿӳһεľ룬ͳǰȥ
棬ʩչûʹȫѾͬꬲˡ
˵УΨʶһֱǰһǰȥ
ƬУȺٵӹӹ̶ĳХ
ǡ
ٶȣͣ̧ͷȥ
ǰһƬĻγɣߴǧɵľڣ񱻹â֣߲ʵϼ˸ϣ߲ϼ⣬ԶȥƬնȾһƬ߲ʵĹâ
ˣ
ʶ彵䣬͵ضסͣ
ľһƬƽδʲô粨
ļˣҲٵ͵̧ͣͷԶȥ
ǳڣ
ܰɣ
ôӴ󡭡
ʳȻʱȴԭվȴǻǰȥ


112 ߳ؾ

ʲô
ʱļĿ۹ͣϣзͳĺ
ִĿеһͳĺؾ𣬷ڴ˿
Աߣг޻Ӷţžž
ǰߴǧɵĹ棬ױȵĹâڲţһɵǽڣ£γһƬâѤʡ
ৣৣ
ԱߣꬣʶʼǰһӴĹâʼײȥ¡¡ľĻ浴ɢ
ѰĹϷֻǵˮһһز
ડ
Ųᶨһһֱ߹ȥɫȻϲûκα仯
еɽţк׵Ĺâڽ˸ţͷųѤĿĹ⻪һɼΪֲҲԶڲɢ

ִлţҪסȻȴܲˣԹԵǰ
һƬĻ֮£ӰܿͱȫûȥγһƬĻȫںϽȥ
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ļˣҲԶԶؿʧıӰ
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ͻȻ䣬ӰʧǰһƬʱƬžĿУͻȻ䴫˵ͳıףˡ𶯲ѡ
ৣ
ͻȻ䣬һ콣⴫һƬ̶ͻأش
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һص֮мǧɸߵĹĻ֮ϣһâͻȻʼϲ¡¡ľѡ
ৣ
һƿնȥ˺ǰ򣬽һƬĻֱ롣
ţǰ統Уʼ˺¡졣
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ɽ棬׹â໥˸һ㣬Եޱҫ۶Ŀ
ȣ
ͻȻ䣬һͺĿдɴ˫Ѫ˿˸ţӳŷĿ⻪
أ
ɽϣХͳڴ˿̻صͣ
ٽһâ˸ţ͵þȫһֱӳǰһն
ৡ
ӹͻȻӹһĹâڴ˼Ѥʣҫ۾ס
ĿӳţɽϷк׹ڲϸֳ١
һǰ֮ҲһѤҫϡ
Ӷֱǰͳȥ糤Х
һаɳȴֻǱĿ˼·ȫܲ
Ѹ͵ľ֮£춯Ĵͷڷ޷ԶַƮ
ţһ
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һ˲䣬һ޴ıռڣͻȻ䷢˵ͣ
һ£޴ĹĻڲ϶ţԼкʲôͻȻ
飬飬顭
ĻڲţڲţһȦɢնڵķԶͳȥ

ͻȻ䳤һҲǰĹĻԹԵվֶгţһȦȦơ
ৣ
һӶȥԶ
飬顭
ţ˵ĵͳڴ˵ػص
ǡ
ʲôˣ
վԶǼˣһɴ˫жв˼顣
ԶԶ˫мֲ˼飬оǱһѤĿĹ⻪ڱš

ꡭ
Ļ£΢΢ţؿϣɽжĿ⻪˸ƻá
͵һնһӭ˲ϢʱͻգֱԶȥ
塣
һĶǱͬصڶԼΪ顣
ͣ͡
ꡭ
һͳһƬĻͻȻھҵزˮ淺
ᵲǰһӴĹĻһ̺ȫ仯ϲţϼȫȥγһƬҫ۾׵ĹˮĻˡ
⣡
ƣ
̧֣һеɽ˵Ľ֮Զȥ
Ųһ
飡
һ£ͻȻ俪ʼױȵĹâԵ档
ʱһĻռ䣬Ǳѣܣ˶Իص

ߣߡ
һĻҪˡ
ԶꬵҲʼͺϴŲ˼飬׷׺˱ܿΨֱ
һƬĹĻ£ֽһȦһȦĹڲ˸ţ۶ǰ˿顣
أĺỺԭܵЩҲʼˡ
͵һӶԶȥ
ǰеһͣһһȫʧһҫ۵ĹâͻȻ
ȥˣ
Ȼǳڡ
˿һĻʱҲ׷׵ͺϴһϲ֮ɫ
ꬣʶվޱ飬ֻǽüͷԶĳڡ
һƬĹĻ֮УǰǿǸȥ
ˣˣ
ĽŲڴ˿Եøһһǰһ˿һغˡ
ৣ
ݡ
ȥ֮⣬ļˣҲʼⷽͳȥ
ڣڵˡ
죬ȥ
ִʶǣĸ˶ȿֺؿʼͳǰǰȥӰӹգĴ̶ڴ˿ԵΪࡣ
꣡
͵ǰһ̤֮۳һţγɺƺƵһƬ
Ӱȳǰһͳ֮
ͻȻ䴫һ۵Ĺâ۾ʶֶ̧赲š
ˣ
͵£֮վһӴƽ̨棬ƵĽŲͻȻ
ˣˡ
֮ΧҲʼϴͳĽŲ˵ͣ
Ǽ˳ˡ
оȫůһƬԡ֮£оޱȵȣȫëſŴ˿̶ڲϺһ

ͻȻ䣬ڳХһ͵شԶȥ
ţǰҲһƬ⣬ػָ
̧ͷȥǰһƬһƬâȫӦ֮ŷֽڵһӴʯ̨
ţ̧ͷȥֻʯ̨һվżߣ΢Цؿ


113 ٹ
ʯ̾͵ʯ̨һƵɽ֮УܶǲԴ֣ڶɽӹɳɳ
ǰʯ̨һּһڳϣ峤ǵĴվ¶һĨ΢Ц˺ڿ
λ
ˡ
ȿڣļϣȴɫ죬ʱ
ԣꬣʶִҲ̳֣ΧĻԭЩ죬Ȼٿǵ˵ʱ˵϶Щڴ
ؾĿ飬ӦҪˡ
֪˭ܵõһ
ʱǵжôһʡ
ȻУЩס
ꬺʶ˵϶ЩʣǴ˿̳ǵĿȴͣϣҲ޿κΡ
벻벻
벻
һ˵ţһ̾
ּһڳǰǰͣ¡
ؾģ⡣
Ȼˡ
ʱڶ೤ϵעԶϣԵЩ˷ܡ
ȻؾУ˱⣬Ҳǵ֮⣬οġ
żϣ峤ǽΧģԶꬣʶǵɫҲ÷ѿʱĵͺԵмΪ
ڣȴûʲô취
ΪڱؾУǸûκջҪ˵ջĻӱ𻨵ɽǲһѡ
Ҫ֪Բʮı𻨣е϶ȡˡ


Ǽ˲ɿʼţɫЩ԰ס
żǰ󷴲Ϊǿҵ̬ȣЦһȻȴ¶һ˿΢Ц
Ҷѡ
Ժ·ء
Ц˵һ̧ɽһ׹â˸µĺ䣬ȵȣһȫͷųɢȥ
ৣ
䡭
ţˡĵͳڴ˿ԵΪ̶
ţ
ơ
Ϸ׷׿ж¶ֿȡ
ӣǰ;
һǰ֮ˣҲ¶
Ҫú

һƬڴ˿𣬼ҲԵú˷ܡ
ּܹţּĸǵȻҲ˷ܡ
˵ôһĿˣʵҲͬˡ
һǰɽǵּţʱһ꣬Ҳܹҫ۶ĿĹ⻪
һ϶֣м϶һ˿ĳ졣
ߣ
Ȼȥ˵
ʱ峤ҲԼΪ˷ܣµͺһк˻ȥ
䣬䣬䡭
һƬһ˲ͻȻͳγ˺ƺƵƵвϱ仯ƣһɰͬ嫺ʳγããһƬԶȥ
ৣ
˵ٶ죬һʯ̨ǰͳȥ͵һΪĹ˸
󣬼ϷֱվԸվţڵʣױȵų
ȣ
ͻȻ䣬峤ǵĿеһͬװŭ
˫Բɫĳ޷ԶĴԵޱࡣ
ƺʮһ㣬ų
λһͬ𡣡
Ǵ£֮һ˶ֳϴܡ
䣬䡭
ͷ׵ߴ˿Ҳ׷̧ƣвϵıڴ˼صˡ쳹ա
һʱ̣һƬױȵĹâʯ̨渡ֳʯ棬вҫ۵ϸ·ӳų֣ԵùӲɣ
Ҵ߶
ǵͺһ͵̤ƶȥ
ֳ֮ѤʵĹڼ䣬ͽֽȥҲֻ¶һӰȫŨµĹš

޾⻪İ£΢΢غһɫҲüΪ
ǰͻȻһƬޣĹ˸ͬ䣬ϷĹڴ˼䲻ϸֳ
ˡ
ˡ
һԶӳ̶ڴ˿̻صͣʳ
¡
ͻȻ䣬һƵһͳǰͻȻ䷢ű仯
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ּĹ㳡ϡ
⴫ͷ󣬹Ȼ㡣
ڵûȥĽɫ·΢΢̾һЩ˼顣
ͷȻ㣬ҲҪķѲٵѰ¸ʩչּڣҲֻڼǰؾ̽ѰʱŻʩչ
һƬӰͻȻ֣ڹ㳡ͼһƬȻ֮ڲϴ
ˡ
һΣ˭ʤ
ҹʶ
ʵɲ

Ƭ㳡ϣһƬڲϴȻĴص
ʱȴڹ㳡ϵּˣԺжôһʡ
˭ǵһ
㳡ģһƬĹâڴ˿ɢһƬӰм꣬мͷ׵ߡ
ʲô
ô£
ôڼϵм䣿
ꬣʶ
Ƕֻܿվ
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㳡ϾӰּ˶վﵱгŲ˼顣
ģϷǳΪģ峤վһԣ棬Եޱ˷ܡ


ȺУĸǾеӰ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳޱȼ
ˡ
Ҿ֪һԵġ
ЩԵޱ˷ܡ
ԼĺгϢΪĸףȻеޱԺ
ţ
վϣ컢Ҳ˳Ŀ⿴ȥͣԶϣҲż˷ܣɵͷ˵
Ȼ츳һֱǿ
ĸΪԺ
ĸĸȺУĿһӰǧ貹âĶӣ滺
ʱŵЩһȫͷų
ʱһһǰǰһȺУ˵Ŀ⣬ȷʵ̩֮û˿ľţǻҡ
ڿȥâ磬ʶҲ֮ȼ硣
㳡һƬȻ˷ͬ˰һ߹һڹ㳡Ͽһֱϡ
ϴӵȥȺԵ÷ҫۣᾡ㳡Ŀ⡣ꬣʶһЩӵܣһ̺Ϊģ˶ֻ΢΢һɨעûͣǵϡ


ȻǿһҲš
һЩԭЩƫˣһҲȫ˷֮ɫȡ
ȺУԭԼһƬĮȻȴޱȵȺɫû˿ı顣
Ⱥл߹ȺУĸӵţҲһȺΧš


114 ѧԺ
ؾ⣬˲ΪּľţĿ
ʱĸĸҲմ⣬ЦݣȻ鼫á
ּҴڡ
Ǹλһڳϣмˣվǰ档
ּһڳ϶ԵüΪ˷ܣһֱδʸּҴ컢ˣҲմŶӵĹ⣬ڴҲĩβ
λ
ͻȻɤӿڣԭֵĴͻȻð
˴μȣѾĻ
ʣǰؾҲѾ
һ̣ǳصڴ˿̴˵𶯲ͣ
һָ˵Ŀͣĵϣкܴһֶͣϣ϶ֲֳ˼ɫ
ȻֱּҵӵܶЩòܣʵôܻʶꬵˣ
ʵǰȴֲòţֻƵƵĿͣھеڳϯλĩβ컢ϡ
У󡣡
˱⡣

峤Ǵ£һȺ˵Ŀ˲£εضϡ
⣬ڱؾΪһ⡣
ּڣһȺϣӣٿһӰʱҲ˼ֵĽ֮ɫ
ڵ೤Ҳȥؾڴеı⣬ȻҲ졣
˭֪һ⣬Ȼˡ
ջķᡣ
ǵ˷ܣ˵
;鵤ʮö
峤˷ޱȡ
һ£ڳжʱ䷢һȻһĵͺڴ˿Ե÷Ĵ̶
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Ҫ֪鵤ҩʦɹҲߡ
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л峤
ԣһ˿ײϲ⣬æӦ¡
鵤ǲȡƳɣԼʱ䡣
ǶڵָǶĸ죬鵤ǲɺӵĴڡ
ȫȻҲЩסˣм˸ǵ˵ʲôȻǵӡУǵĴ˴ν̫ۺˡ
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Ǵʱ棬ֻ΢ذڰ֣ڼϵѸ⡣
ǵָ£ԭѵȺһԵǼСˣͶһ
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ţ峤ǵĴ£ˣҲŲͬεʹͣûĶ࣬Ҳûۺ

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
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ĸѰ಻סǰϴԼӣԵúԺ
컢λϳϣԼ¶ϲɫȴûκڸǡ
һо鵤
ǰеһƳ컢˵
ʲô
컢ͻȻͳ˵ﵱг֮ɫ
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ûȥ
ͻȻ컢ɫ˪ͺȳ
Ҳһз֮
ЩҩǸȥá
˵ţ컢һƣֱӽƵǰ

벻׻ܾһʱҲ벻˵Щʲô
ЩҩŰɡ
ãԳԲҩˡ
Щ鵤̫󣬸˷ѡ
ĸҲԱ߿ڡ
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š
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ĸЩӦҲЩ֮⣬һʱ侹Ȼ֪ηӦ
ž
ͻȻһС
һ˲䣬һɼΪŨӿ˲䴫䡣
ױȵڴʱϳ֣ƺƵܡ


ڣ컢һ
ȻһҲЩϡ
Щ鵤ʮűá
ʣµģ
˵ţֱ֣óʮö鵤һСƿСʣµǶʮö

ЩҲߣ
컢˼ͬʱȻ˿ȴѾת뿪

ãѧԺǱߣ¡
ҾȻȥˡ
δ䣬Ѿһ˷ţֻɫӵĸĸˡ
⺢ӣ
ڣˡ
֮컢³һ̾Ϣ
ǰˡ
ҲһԸ͵ϵЦݣҲøӵο
ӣгϢˣҲڳˡ



ڿĵ·ϣ첽УӰٿ˸һޱȵĺۼ
ţǰǰ֮Ҳʼ¶һƬΪҫ۵ƣͬһȰ㣬ֱǰȥ
ˣˣˡ
䡭
·ϣлֱͳǰӰӹֻһޱȵĺۼ
ּɽڵķ첽ȥ
֪ǼһûС
У
ԺֳһٻӰһůʱ䣬ҲӦˡ
죬죡
ٶ죬͵ǰȥ
飬顭
ϣһޱĺۼĿģһƬɽܡ
ɽǣ
ߵľͷͻȻ両ֳһУԵҫ۶ĿȺò֡
һĻµٶȱ˻һɫӰֱӳɽȥ
ɽѧԺڣһƬѧԱڵʦָ£Ŭš
һʱûѧԺûʲô仯
һ·ϣڴܣоɽѧԺһȥʱһδʲô仯

ּǸţ
ͻȻ䣬·ϵļѧԱע⵽ʼȵ˵
˵ּϣʣõһ
֪١
ǼڼڲϵţԵúǾȡ
ȻģҪ֪һǰѧɽǾ˫š
һʵǿ

Īһǣڷ׷ԵЩ˷ܡ
ɽڣּӵܣּҴȵ飬ʹˣ˺ܶ˶֪õһ
ҪģڱؾУ⡣
ЩӵȫȻ⣬ֻǰһһм䣬ƻͬһâһֱӺӹǰͳȥ
ৣ
̤ܿӹããȺһС档
ԶڶǰĽ
ӣӦ˰ɣ
֪һ£ô
иʣԼ֮󣬷Ӧͦġ

ʱ͵ǰȥγһΪĿ磬ֻǼ䣬ѾɽѧԺڵᡣ
֨
̧һƣŴ򿪣̧߽


115 Ժп
һţһҵϢ
ৣ
ԥֱ̧ۣһΪĹâ˸ͬͻȻܳһӰȻײһ
ȣ
鼱֮£Ҳ˰˻ƣʱֻоһǿѹ͵ѹȥ
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Ųһ壬͵̤ǰǰһȭƶȥ
¡
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һȴǧâȴĻƮȥֶĹҲڴ˿˸
ӣ
ʲô
ڵһӴӰʱ͵صͺһ֡žһɽţ߽¡
棬Ƕδķ罭
ӡ
ôˣ
ڸտʱͻȻһг
罭ǰȫ¶űͷ϶һͺľһ
һϸȥʱϸϸؿţȴƵس̾һ
ӡ
̾һ˵

罭ͬһ͵һ̱һڴ˿ȫ̱һ
ˡ
˶٣סЦ⣬ڴȤ
ʲʲô
һ仰ͻȻ伤͵ܿȴ̱
ǰôڣܲ𣿡

򵥵ĶҲڴڵشŴ
꣬ꡭ
һû԰
Ǵ޿񳱺ڡ
ԭŵһʱ죬û˺öࡣ
ֵãֵð

£νģᣬģҪжҡ
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ˡ
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ݺһ˦֣ͺȳ
һʱڲϲţϵͬ˰ڹš
˵˵ɣ
ѧԺʲô£
ǹֱȥּμӼȣѾܾûѧԺˡ

⻰ҲͣסԭǼŵıݣ˼󣬿˵
ѧԺڣһаƽ˾
ûʲô顣
㡭
ӵĻͻȻһתֱڴ˿̶׼
ּ¼ѧԺڣҲطз
Ӧñ˶ˡ
˵罭͵ضסı飬Ҳ˼ֵĹ졣
⡭
ŷԴı飬һʱסıҲЩ죬ȴ̾Ϣһ
˵¡
罭͵һ٣Ҳǰδе
Ժп˴ɽѧԺ
ϢѾɽѧԺˡ
罭Щͳ˵
Ժп

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֮ԺУͻȻһӰ
ڴɽһ绪Ӱᾡ˵Ĺâ
һܻٵɽ
һʵڻҲȻЩ¡
ԺһĽ顣
һٻӰһֱԺУ֮ȥ
ʲôʱܴﵽһ߶ȣ
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иֳôһӰĵޱȼ
ӣһεԺˣҲҪȥһˡ
ţԺиֳôһͷһ˲ռԺ
ɽѧԺ
ǣð
Ȼеļѡ
һȺ߼ѧԱӢѧԱضȿֺҪȥᡣ
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ţ
ĬĬͷ¶ġ
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һеһУа¶ġ
Ŀ⣬ӦֻɽǵУʣҲ
ԺĿˣҪȥ
ɽǴ˴εõ
аģ͵̧ȥ

žžž
ڿƶͬţıһޱȵĵͳڴ˿̷شݹԴ
֨
Ŵ򿪣ǰȥͻȻһӰӳ
㣬㡭

ſڣһٻӰЦӯӯվڼ֮ϸ绨ޡ
硣
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Ц˵һͷںڳԵīɫףһɫɴȹϣȥһ·һ
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Цӯӯ˵Ҿ֪һԵġ
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ĬĬͷ˵
Ժˣ͵һ𣬡ҲΪ
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Ү
ʱ˵׼ܹͬһ¡
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Ҳᶨ˵ʱԵüΪ˷ܡ
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£֮ǰ󲽿ȥ
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˲ɽѧԺڣʱ˹еĿ⣬һƵƵ£ͣϡ
ò绨޲ɷ·ȻȻ˵Ĺעȴֿȵţһʱ֮һһǰǰҫۣᾡ¹âƵƵĿȥгżη塣
ڵɲһֱǵɽͷΪš
ˣ˲·ϣֻƵƵĿȴһҿֻԶһۡ
ɽѧԺڴһƬһǰͣ¡
Ǵ˴Ժ˵ı
󣬿ʼˡ
ͷܶĴſڣ˵
Ѿˣȥ
˵ţǰŴмȥ
ſԭΧһȺˣͬ˹һΪʶȤ¡
̸֮ˣһŮһվЩ˾ͷ׷ÿ
Ͼ˶ŮĿһõӡ
һŮѾˡ
뵽Ҳֻа̾ϢȻвʣֲҶ˵
ϾʵɽѧԺѰѧԱ򲻹
лл
һȺÿȴ˵ǵܷһƬĻȻ
ڶУŲǰһһ򶨵ǰǰȥ
ڣĳܼ򵥣ֻд֣¼һ¾С
⼸졣
Ҫץʱˡ
߳ţ̾Ϣʱ仹൱ȵģ˿и
ȻʱǰȺһӰ


116 Ԫ

Сӣվס
ȺУͻȻһӰͬʱڴţװ㣬Ⱥڼɢ
ţ˭
ôˣ
ڴ˿ʶ̧ͷѭķȥ
ͷܶȺУһ׷ڵسģҪֱӸһ
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
֮Ժвһ˿ɻЩ
ÿÿߵĺܻæΧЩȺֱƿĿֱָСӣڿϳˡ
Һõȡ
Ӵȵ㣬ֱӳ
ΧһȺ˶ʶؿӵĻǵҲЩԻɽѧԺһʦܻѰ˵ģѧԺڿûˡ
ǸԺ˾¶û˴
ȻʱӵĿ꣬ȴѧԺڵһѧԱѡ
ৣ
ڴ˿̣˵ĿⶼͣϣǧĿۼϡ
ˡ
ȻѴ󣬵ٶҲȺм̤󼸸˸ããȺ͵̤£ͣǰ
죬Сӣߡ
죡
Ӷ˵ֱһ߳ȥȥ
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ʻû˵أѾ͵һק岻سǰȥ
վһԵʱҲæǰһԡ
Сӡ
תͷŭͿӰ鲻ɱЩмֵĲȻ
ģСҾͽһ¡
ôߵģ϶ôͻȥ
ᵢġ
ӿ˵ȻЩֺõ˼
һĻ˵Ŀ⿴϶¶һ˿˼顣
˵ӶЩֺãҲ˵ùȥϾǹӵĵӣģЩ£Ҳпԭ
ΪõһʦĹӣ˺õ̬ȣñȶֺ
⻹Ǹô
ǸƢ꣬ϲŭ޳ĵһʦ

ӵһӦǴ˵֮⣬һЩɻ󣬿ӵĿⶼЩɻ
Щ˵ӵû̫⣬Ŀһתͣϡ
СѾͷˡ
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İɣ
һ仰£ڽԻȻ˵϶żֲ˼飬ɴ۾ǰһĻжżֲ˼顣
ӣʲôʱôһŮӣ˿ˣ
Ҫ֪ѧԺڣӵݿǼߣǸԺ˾ʱ򶼲
ʱȴȻô
ţǺðɣ
̫á
ЩᣬֻЩĹӣ૵˵
ߣСӡ
ߣ
㿴ö
һϲ¾ϲ֣֣ȥ
˿εţǲϵƣʱȴһεץסиһ˿һ
飡
ŵĴűһƿһصڴ˴ص
ļӣһĿӹ϶żֵŭ⡣
ҪľǻӵĻڣû˸
Ȼڿ˺ԭҪŭȳļˣڴ˿ȴһڨڨȻȥΪʱſڵģǹӡ
ӣһ˭Ҳ
ף
ôˡ
˵ּڣμ𣿡
ѵѾ𣿡
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ڣ˼ӣ˼ææһԺжżɻ󣬲ɰ뵽
ৣৣৡ
Ӵٶ죬ͺһ쫷ιһֻڴһƬӿĻҳڴʱƮƮȥķɢȥ
¡
Ǽ䣬֡顱һϣͬ糹׸
꣬ꡭ

ڴڵشŴһ·׼ȷ˵һ·קڵǷ㣬Ż
һ󣬹ӵעȴҲԶӴ̨ϵһֽ
ţ
ôżʲô飿
㷴Ӧһü
ֻСǰڿһ̨󣬶Ỻֱ󣬷ǻ˷ǰһֽƬ

кȥ
ţ
ҿ
Щ⣬Ųʶǰȥ
ǡ
߽󣬽ӹеһֽһƬ·ĳֶǱҵҲ˶ͣ

ǵ
ֻǴִֵɨһۣŵĶ
һŲֽ֪Ƭ棬ŵģǵ
֪ǺβʵֽƬżΪӵĹģҲѧҲܴϳȴ͵һ
ⵤȻǲġ
ĿɨһƬ֮ʱϸֳһ˿Źֵɫ
ֵĵȻǲġ
ûȷǲġ
̸йصģӵĪ˷ܣͷڵ
Ǵһ̽Сġ
ҩԪ
ѹǰδе˵
ʲô
ҩԪ
⣬⡭

һСĻ֮͵һ٣ķ·ڴ˿̺ݺݵس鴤һϣҲżֲ˼顣
йԪҲжš
ϹʱڣŰʱڣϹŲҲг֡
ͬҲдܣַͨ¾죬ɱ˻ģɼԪƳɵҩ徫Ӣ¡
Щ˷ȥһżǿǣмΪֲ
ϵһתƵһ
Щˣν֮ս
ԪڣҲڶľӢܹʳáЩһǾʾ޵ţԪǣǿѰ˿ڸʲô
ˣһ֧սҲΪֱӽЩһٸ
У󲿷ֵԪԪ
һЩʦַͬҪԭԪȱΪҪһԪһֱδܳɹԪҲֻΪҩһЩвʣƳԪҩȴһֱûԪЧ
Ԫ
˲۾ȥϸϸֿһ飬ȷ󣬷һ˵
ԣԪ
˵еԪ
ӽӿ˵ͬʱҲʼüּڼġ
ô˵ͺȷıǰһԪԵЩԪ
ǡ
ĵҩԪ


117 ׼
Ԫ
Ԫ
һһƽڴ˿ڴڻصޱȡ


˿̣ڴڵؿʼţɫԵЩٿһŲȱĵ֮ʱж˼ֵڹâĿļ
Ԫ
ϧǲȱġ
΢΢̾һԵмϧ
ǰһŵĵĵȷȷԪΣһŵǲȱģƷٸߣкã
οΪҪһζҩԪȥã
ڵ磬Ȼ˵޺УҪҵǿ翵Ĵڣ
ʵҲرѰǿߣ򲻹ǿޱȵľ
ǰϧǲȱġ
⣬ԭ򡣡
Ҳ̾һҲɶ˼ֵį
ң
ȵس˫ɴǲ˼顣
˵ӵʵΪʲô棬ɽǣɽһڶĴڣһһĸ֡
ȼĸ֣ҪƵҩȻ
Щ⡣
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츳Ҽġ
˭
һ仰£Ȼ˵ȻɽǵУȥҲû˿ˡ
⡭
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ϡ
˶٣ͻȻСؿ˵
ţʲôʣ
ҲͷҲص˵
ʱעȫеһŵ档
㣬ǰһŵоˡƬ̣һζҩԪ
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϶˵󷽲ǵһ仰
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ڣȥԶʱڵĴ⣬ҲܹƳԪ

ԭ
ð죬ð졣
ȴǴЦųϵ¶һĨЦݡ
ŹԷı飬ɽüͷҲżֺɡ
ѲɣԪڱɴ·ܹõˣ
ʣš
ԪѾˡ
˵ŷеĶ߼һǽڡ

Źдһ·ĵͻȻмɫ⸡ֳͬǺһԶȥ
¡
䡣
һͳǽڿʼһ貵Ĺڴ˵ųѤĿĹ⻪һȦȦĲĴɢ
һǽ棬ȻһӴķ
仯ֱӶǰǽĻȥĶͷһϸܵĺ飬Եúۡ
Ȼ˿̹ӵľȴǸ߶ȼУעȫǰһǽ档
䡣
һƵڴ˿ԵΪࡣ
һǽɫķȥǽҲм俪ʼԻƶ
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ǽɢһɫСţкǰ
Ԫʹ棿
ԺЩ⣬»ʶظŹȥ
֨
һصɫСŴ򿪣̤߽
źŲǰڽһСźĶͻȻסҲżֲ˼顣
⣬⣬⡭
ǡ
ʱЩ
û
ǡ
ʬ
һԣǵ֮ɫһɫԵø˷ܣ˵
ʬ

ֱʱЩӦ
ɫС֮һӴĿռ䣬ĵλãڷһʮ׳ĹǺĹְɫȻѾʱ䡣
ⲽһӴǺǰͣҲϸš
һڲ֪¡
⻹һżھģȻʱ䣬ʬѾˡ
еԪʣһЩ
гżֵԺ
ȷӵһʬȷʵӦԺġ
˫һֱǰһӴʬ߹ӵڲ
ΪһʬԪ
Ҳ뵽ѰԪƵ
첻ңҵˡ
˵ӵҲԺϸǸֳһ˿Ϊɫ


ӵĽȴֻǴڴڵشϢţҲŲ˼顣
۽ǵƳܣһߵϣɫȫ仯ˡ
ͷǷ񡣡
Ȼʬ㵽ˡ
꣬ꡭ
ڴڵشϢţﵱгŲ˼顣
ߣȥоһǵ
ЩϣѾ׼ˣͲⵤˡ
ﵱг˷ܣкٵȥ»صԭڵĴڡ
㣬ⵤ
ץһŰֽԪ˵㲻ʲô
֪ԼʦƢҲ֪ΪܹаĵͬʱҲЩҡ
ŶԵҩ˷ʦ𣬵ȷǺ¡
ĵ棬ŵһҩģԹɽѧԺڵĵλ඼Ը㵽
ʱӴ̨棬ڷŸɫҩģһֶǼΪȴֻذڷš
ϸϸоŵһԲʲôЩҩű࣬һ
ʦ𡣡
һ֮ͻȻ˵һŵȱֻǺ벿֡
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ϸϸ۲Ƭ֮󣬿ʼ˵š
ţ
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126 Ժ
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128 Ժ
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132 ֵ
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133 Ƽ

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㣬㡭
ͫһڼٷŴŵĽ⣬첻ɾг΢΢ţԵúǾ£ʱʶؾгܵΣգûǰˣͷ
Ŷ
ųϣ
仰üͷһ壬еĹʶͣһԵЩ¡
ߣ֪˰ɡ
ʶģͰҷˣСңҾ͵¶û
Ȼ
ЩɣҲѵõ¶һ˿ϲɫͷȻЩá
Ȼʲô
û˵ʱȴǵһЦм˵
ųϣʲô¶
ৡ
ţһӹͬһа㣬ֱָ˲Ϣ֮ͻһʵĽ⣬ֱӶֹȥ
Сӣ㣬㡭
֪
¡
Щţ벻Ȼ˿壬˵ֱԳƿն
һ춯صľ촫ڵĳ£ݺݵغ˶ڿӹɾ룬顱һڵϣƵ
ߣ
ӰͬذţֻǵƳһۣЦ˵
飬ڤˣһĻҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ߣ
ˣᡣ
Ҳ׷ƶ壬ʼȥ
ǰԲǧɴСĹ㳡ϣʱ˶һĻ϶Ų˼顣
꣬ǿ
徳أֱܽӸˡ
⣬Ľʦµһô
Ȼǿ󡭡
һЩŵӿжżֵۼ֮ɫ
ĽǿԺڿν˾֪Ժһĳƺţ˵
Ľ⣬Ǻεȵǿ
ȻһԹ˲򣬵ҲҪʵС
벻һֱδĽ⣬ǰˡ
ӣԺ֮Ҳƽ˰
֪ͬĽʦȣΣ
һЩŵӿԶȥıӰ
Ľʦȣ̫߿˰ɣ
СӣǺ˶ѡ
˿ڷʾɡ
ˣ㣬𣿡
ȿڵ˽һ仰ͽ˸סһʱ侹Ȼ֪η

Դ²һ֮ŲսԼڷУĬĬ
һĵظǵ⡣
Ϊ˱һЩҪ鷳
ϾرԸ˺֮󣬿ɻᵽ鷳ġ
ʱһȥܿѾ¡
Ժпʼˡ
һ峿ѡ
ԺһټĹ㳡ϣڶĵʽŵӣȻЩֻǴֵġ
ŵӵĿ˿ʼԺ֮УȺ׵ط
һסеĿ֮ˣ߳ԼڵСԺԺĵĹ㳡ɱ
ģԺ㳡һ޴ʯ̾ͶɣһâתУʯ͸һɲɣĸоԵù϶ء
ڤ˹㳡ˣʱ򣬹㳡ѾӿˣַǷ
˻˻
벻˴μ˾Ȼô࣡
˸һ㳡ڤֻ㳡ͷܶ̾
ȻͨԺſˣǿԼŵģٵȥ
ңԺſҲÿһΣһۼȻ١
ܵȺҲ²⵽֡
ܶˣһԸطԶʼ£ȻԵò١
һͬ㳡һɨȺܶ˶ƽʱ򿴵
Ȼ˵ԶӰ
˲ˣȼˡ
졣
벻Ȼˣ
ڤԵЩ죬ΪүӦֱӽԺǡ
ȻһԵڽ͵ԺɲѰܹȥġ
죬ĶųϣҲûֱӽԺȨ
ԭүҲͬһҲҪμӿ˵ġ
Ľͣڤڵ
һܿͱʱߵĿͬ߰㿴ھеϡ
ᡣ
ޱɭĿ⣬ȴǰڰ֣ν˵
֮£˰˻Ľ⣬ټֶΡ
ֻ徳صʵԸ죬Ҳ˿塣
ţ
Ҳͷ죬Ҳû̫ϡ
ףǼˡ
ԱߵķͻȻָԶһˣΪ˽͵
ҵ㣬ǿ¡
˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻԶһĿ࣬¶׳Եú׳
һѾ޸УǷűըԵ
С
ҵķ뻱һֽǳ뻯ʹ˫һ֮У˿֮
ĲԶһ꣬˫ĿĮɨܡ
ָŹ㳡еһ꣬ϸ˵š
ǰؽЩһһС
Щ꣬һǴӴ֮гģдҵʵȻȥҶǸҵٮٮߣҲǿ
ټĹ㳡ϣһɫӰʱȺУЩԺ˴ſ˵ĵӣʵҲǼ£ȴҵӵҲǲ˿ĵԵޱȹ
ЩȻֻԺŵӣ˵УһĽ
ͨˣҲܳΪеһԱ
ͻȻ䣬㳡ðֵʱɢȥ
ڹ㳡һ䣬һŲʮֹվԭأһ
һӰʼ˵֮У˵ע»ⲽ㳡
˵עһʱȫǸ䡣
һŻɫ۵߳ڹ㳡ϣһϣŹӵĻƣȴ͸һɲɣϢ
ڳŵӣ˿Ҳ˿Ҵ⣬վʮֹ
һϢˣͶ֮·̲ƥеĿֲ
һɨڳˣ˽Ծһ亹

˿ҲǴŴҲ΢΢ţ
ӴϢ
ˣֲ̫


134 
Ժųϣʵɲ⣡һԺأԵЩ˼顣
һʼʱоεѹʵʼϣǿ̫ˡ
Ժŵӿ˿ʼ
ųĿ䣬ֻɨ㳡ϵˣؿ˵
ͨˣǽʽΪԺŵӣպǰ;ʧߣڸλᣬǻͨԺԵ
ɫȻŹ㳡Ⱥ΢˵
ɹΪŵӡ
ʧܣڻܾס
ԺȻź񡣡
ߵĽܺҲ̾Ϣ
ټĹ㳡ϣ˿ѻȸвμӴ˴ο˵ĵӶʮרעŻߵĽ
ܴһӵ嶼ڲϵš
ЩˣǰμŵӵĿˣѾȥˣһλᣬ˴λδֻͨǱȥˡ
߽˵ŵӿʮϸģǣ˳ͨˣҲܵõĽ
ͨ˴ο˵ĵӶΪԺһԱ
ܿ˳ɼǰʮĽõеһö⽱
ߵһڳʮּ
⽱
泤˵⽱ģ϶ǷƷ
ǰ֪⽱ʲô
ߵһ仰ʱ˵Ĳ²⡣
ڳμӿ˵ĵӴ˿һʮּԶ˭ȥһõ߿е⽱
ŵӿ˵һأԣ
߻һ䣬ֻһӣʮСһͭƾճڹ㳡ϡ
Ǹʲô
ԣóЩͭô£
һ֣㳡ϳЩͭʱҲ׷׵ţЩ⡣
λЩͭˡ
ЩͭᵽأΪʮȼ
ÿͭΪһ֣ߵͭΪ֡
Į˿ﻺһƵ
ڿʼ
Żһ£ⳡڴѾõĿڿʼˡ
ƣ
ڵһֱʱ򣬴Ⱥ߳һʮݵӣ˵ľУֱ˵ͭ
ȡһȡ
˫һѴͭϣǵֻǸͭʼƶ
𡣡
ƽһᣬͭ񻺻رԼĪϢĹƲſʼͭط¡
顣ͭȻڵϣһͳ
ţͨ΢΢ͷƵıҲǱȽϿɵģ֡
ƴʱҲȻҲʮԼı֡


ڼһǰ˶ǵҲһģЩʵʵǿֱӾ˵߸
ȻҲһֵĵӵʵ㣬ֻǿھǵڶ
ֻмһҲٲģЩֱӱŵӴ˹㳡
뻱
߿ԼеᣬȻ˵
ֻȺ߳һλһ۵ӣһɷǣüһ˫ڵ֮ͫϣǾ
ıһ˫Եûҫۡ
з뻱꣬һʼʱ򣬾˵Ŀ⡣
뻱ֱڰ˸ͭһӰۣһץסͭ

뻱ֱ֮ͭУһָӡʮԣȴȻ治ɫ־Ͱͭٹͷ
ڳнһ˿죬Եš
ߵϴ˿Ҳ˼ϲɫ˵ͷ
ܲߺпϵ˵һ䣬˷֡
ĿǰΪֹߡ
ĩˣ߻һ̾
һ죡
һ߳Ŀ⵭ȻؿܣɨˣԵŭ⣬ֱھŸͭǰ
ھŸ
Ȼôţ
ȺУոʱ򣬾ͱһƬȻһ϶ԵЩ˼顣
ӣʵҲô
֪ܾܲ
ˣԶĶ֮Ҳ۾ȥ¶һĨڴɫ
ȣ
һͺȣֻ˫һǵھͭͱʱҲͨ죬Եúǳ
ԼĪϢʱ䣬˫һգͭݺݵ˵ϣһ󡰺䡱ľ졣
ã߳޵
ԵҲʮ˷ܣߵһԣڵķλͶȥһӵ
㣡
һӰһԾֱ˵ھ֮ͭǰ
˫ֵļ͹ƺ̺ޱǿ
ֻһֱֻסͭ

һǿڱͭ񷢳һˡͭϿʼ˿˿ķĩ
˼״𾪡
֣֮ŵ죬̫ˣȷǿˡ
۳ϼ״Ҳ¶һ˿˼顣
ȡ
𣡡
˲䱬ըͭʼ
˿̣¶һ飬˵ã
ҲʮֺһЦȻҲǺԼղŵı֣ⲽһȥ
һڤ
վԵڤԣҲ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ֵˡ
£ڤǰȥŲǰȥ
ڤٶ죬ܿ;˵𣬵ڰͭھǰ
ţ
һ쿼˵ˣôô
ڤھͭǰͣ£ߵҲֳһ˿졣
Ѿھͭǰˡ
ڤھͭЩ
ԶԶţԷ顣
ǵڰͭڤ׾ٵؾ
ȻھѾﵽǧˣڤڵʵȷЩǿ
Űɣ
ԡ
һȴϴżڴ
ԣԡ
ڤıӰҲϣ
Ǹ꣬ǲġ
ȣֻڤ˫һӣеһȣһĳ۷ˡ˫ץǸͭ
𣡣
ڤһȣͭؿʼ

ڤ˻ȻӣǸͭ˲ͱٹͷ
٣ˡ
⣬ôܣ
һϢڤڤĶ֮ǲ˼顣
ǸСӣôܾھͭ񣿡
ף϶ˡ
Ƿʲôҩ
ŵؿڣǻ۳ȴɫ糣΢ͷԵú⡣
ڤŷ֡
ͨ
۳Ͽ૵Ҳ̲ס̾
վһԣĬĬ۲ߵı仯
һ궼ȥԡ
أҲһЩţ˵ߵԸ
ųϣϲһЩͷո¶ͷǵˡ
Ȼˡ
ĬĬţҲֳһ˿ϲɫҿҪúõرһˡ
¶ģȻϲͷģԼҲûҪʲôˣжڼĲҲڴ֡
ʱһۺͬըװӹ㳡ϴ
һ


135 ֲ
ڵˡ
仰һϲгڴ
磬͡ҪԵʱ򣬻Ӷȭͷ
ģ
תͷ΢΢һЦ˵
ৣৡ
ţٶ죬ͺһӰ㣬ڵƯ㣬ֱӹա
ţ棬ͬһֻ㣬һ䵱зӶ
ֵһ˲䣬㳡棬ʼһ
ڲԶ죬㣬뻱ȼˣһĿۼͣϡ
Ͼܹ˻Ľ⣬ʵȻӹɵģԺУҲ
ܹͬԿˣûмˡ
Сӣ
ȡü֡
дĿɭضϸֳһĨݵϢҲڴʱ
徳أж
Сˣ
ԵǼ꣬һҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ﵱоֺ֮⡣

˵Ҳǣҿܵõ֡
ٲĻǿЦˡ
ܵĸȻǺ⣬¹˵
ţ
켸˵ЦŵͬʱȻüͷһ壬ϴżֲ˼飬ֱǹ㳡۾дżֵĲ⡣
Сӡ
ȻҪʮ
㳡֮ϣҲĶ϶ֳһ˿˼飬ѸһȺ
֮䣬ھͭҲ٣죬㣬ڤȼˣʵ
˵ǵʮͭ񣬿ûһ˾Զûȥԡ
Ͼֻһ
쾪ȳʱȴѾⲽǰʮǰվ
Сӣǲ֪ô
С壬ҿ˰ɣ
һڴ˿𣬲ϻصܡ
ӵܵĳЦᣬվڵʮͭǰиǳһּᶨ顣
߼һĻüͷһ壬ܿչ
ǸȤСӡ
ͬʱ΢΢ʾţʾʱʼ
ȺУһ״
ʮͭ񡭡ڤһЩģǾٹˣȻ֪еһ
֪磬ܾܲ
ڤЩģǵھͭġ
ǵʮĻǿɾˡ
ϾΪֹûһгԹ
Űɣ
Ȼͣڵʮǰ
ǾоԵİա
һԣš
ȻЩɣǿ㷴ӦҲû˵ʲôֻĬĬվ

һĿɨڳȺǵɫӰͣһᣬĿһתضǰǸͭ
ȡ
һȣ˫̤ǰˡڿռ䵱һ죬Ӳĵ˿·
ţһ˫ֱץǸͭƶȻ
𣡡
һ˻˫־ֱץסһ޴ͭ񣬿ʼ
⣬ôܣ
СӣȻȻ
ˣ
ĵһʱ䣬ͱʾ˼飬Ҳš
㳡һƬȻȫΪһ񣬶Щ˼顣
Ŀᶨ˫ʯץžͭļ϶Ŀ⴩Ⱥڻߵϡ
ֻ߸ֶǵ˫ֱӹֱ΢΢׶ѡ
ұֲô
ô
ͻȻһתһַֻֻʣһֻ֧š
һ̣Ȼ־ͭ񣬶˿ˣԵûͦɡ
ʲô֣
⣬Сӡ
ô
ʮͭʱȺɷˣ˿̿Ȼתɵ֣Ⱥٶ
ʱǿĿ⵱УŲ˼顣
һ̣ңѾûκηͷˡ
ǿǰֱϢ˿ĸı䡣
֧ͭʱߴ˿˱仯
ܺã
ʮ֣
߳˿޵
һ
ߵٴαƽ棬Ź㳡ϵ˵

仰֮Ҳɳغһ
飡
һӴͭ䣬Ȼڵϣذ嶼ʼζ˼¡
ડ
߻أɫһƬȻû˿ɫ
㳡֣̼üžš
һ
ٶȿڣ˵һ顣
⻰ŷӦæǰȥʼȥ
ĲԵǺ˳һƽ״̬
һ֣˵Ŀ⡣
Ͼ˽۵ŮﶼעĿġ
Ȼ˿־ģ
һһ㣬ͬ˵ʮͭ
һУԭдˣһ˲ȫԺеͷ붼롣
ʲôЦôǿˣһͬߵô
ٴĻǾǲˡ

ʱڽ
ǵڶˣ͸֪
Ǳֵöܲϣ첻Ҫʧ
߳˵һ䣬ƿնȥ
㳡ϵߵĻҲʼɢȥ
ҲԼڵСԺȥ
Ƭ̺һŹɫľϣһɣϢ䡣
ԺڷٻŽ췢һУڼһʵĽ⡣
ͻȻ䣬յ˫ۺȻһ⣬ϵĹâɢȥ

һ
벻˻ƾȻ˰Ե˻Ľ⣬ԼȻ˴ķԾ
в
һǰԵ뻱˫졭
Ȼ׵ذ£ಫĻ½ֻһ
ӵܣһ㶼бֶΣƽȻֳ
Ȼ٣ڵӵܡ
ҵʵ̫̫ˡ
ԺĲԣԻ
һˣҲ΢΢̾һ̾š

峿һճһϼƬɽ֮УСԺУϼÿ䡣
ľУеͻȻ˫ۣһ
ԵɽСԺȥ
һԺУһɫ·ŮСԺ֮У·˼ʲô
ĽŲŮ˫ʱһâֱ񷡣
Ůſڵʱ¶һ˿ϲɫ
磬߰ɡһЦݣֱǰ棬ǣŹ㳡ȥ
ӡ
ЩΣȴȥ
㳡ϣ˿Ѿۼӡ
ͬ˵ʱڤҲѾˡ
˾ۼһʱ򣬶˵ЦأԵúǢ
ʱƣ㳡ڶӶڿپۼţ˵ЦԽյĲԳڴ
죬㣬뻱ˣҲ̵
ڶ˿ʼ
һۺԶ
ţһɫӰԶƿնûһᣬ߳ڹ㳡Ͽա
߸ֶһۣ޷Զԡ졣
ŵӿ˵ڶ͸֪ڿʼ
ߵ˵
죬ǽһƬ֮УѰ֮еıʯ
ߺͬըװ㣬ڹ㳡Ͽ


136 ɱ
ߵǾװ㣬Ƭ㳡֮ϺȻⲻɢ
ʯ
֣
⣬ǵڶصĿô
㳡ϣļ˲ߣһǵ϶һ˿Ĳ⣬мֵĲ졣
ԣڶؿˡ
ȥѰұʯ
ǻ΢΢ף˵
һ˵֮˷ǻȻ
ʯ˼壬ʯȴֲͨʯ̣ͨʵؼӲ˵ʯ
ʯһʮϧʯͷȻʮ󣬵Ҳǧ֮ʹӴ˵ҲĪĺô
Щʯָ׸ǴСɢ֮УҪľǴѰʯ
ǵĸ֪һ޴Ŀ顣
ȻҲҪСǱŵޡ
ϾЩǲ۵ģ
߻˵ûһ˿飬ڶһϲ˵ǣڴ
ʱΪޣǳʱûгģԶʸ񡣡
ڣʼ
󣬻ſڳŭⷽؼȻըϾ֡
ʱѰұʯ
վĬţʱо˵ѹ
Ƭ㳡棬ＫΪף֪Ƕ⡣
Ǿʮﳤӵѵġ
Щ츳׵ǿȣ㲻ʲôơ
һأ
ѹ˰
ＫΪףڶ֪ȫơ
¡
ʱһڴ˿ͻȻը㣬𶯶
˶̧ͷȥ¶һ˿˼ɫ
𡣡
һȣͻȻвϴһӡ
һĹâһ˲ͽ㳡İΧ
ڹâ֮Уһϵķӡת
ǡ̧ͷܣоЩ޾ŵķģĹѤʵĻû
⣬⡭
ԺԺ
ֱʣȻǣֱʡ

ЩˣҲʼȵؿܣϸֳһ˿˼顣
ͷ󣡡
һˣʩչͷ󡣡
ƽеļЩ˼顣
ͷǵһμˣּʱȥؾʱ峤Ǿʹôͷ󣬽Ǵ͹ȥ
һ򵥵Ŀˣʹôͷ
£ҲֻԺӴţֱˡ
ˣ
ˡ
һڴ˿̲ϳ֣㣬š
ֻоǰһƬ㱣Ŀ֮һӴķģӡڴʱ֡
Ȼ䣬ֻоһת
۵ʱ۵˵۾Ũʹһ
ǰޱߵ֣һÿֱ죬ֱʡ
ΪԺ֡
ʯѾɢڸʱ󣬻ص˴ϣ˵ǻǵ˫һֱԶȥֵͣС


ɲǼ䣬էҵľԶ촵ѹȥ
ߵĳ֮ӭŷ춯
ڿ紵ʱߵӰҲɢһƬӰʧ
ȫʧ֮ʱһڴ˵ը𣬱Ϊ
˳һ䣬ޣߵĿ弶

壬弶
ߵ£ȺѾгЩҪȴˡ
弶ޣô򣿡
ڵʵȫǶְ


Ⱥд˵ɫЩ
弶ޣ˵ȷ̫ǿһЩ
弶ô
ͬˣڴ˿΢۾ֱԶŶԴġɳɳ˫ȭʶؽ
ȷǣڴ
ԭЩģǵƬǰʱеһ˲ʧ
ȺУ̧ͷȥ
ƬλɽĽ㴦зԲ֮Ҫ˴ķΧѰұʯͬ룬ʮּѡ
ৣ
ݡ
һ˲䣬վԵһƬߣӳһƷڴ˵ط۵糸
ܹߵЩ˵ʵȻ̤Ƭֵʱ򣬱㿪ʼɢ˿
Ҳ߰ɣ
泯ǰЩ˵ӰʧֵУҲ˵
ţ
ߣ
һأضúȡ
ڤʱҲ־ڵһЩ
ͣ
ߣ
ڤǰӣҲ¶һ˿ϲɫ¿˵
ৣৡ
ݡ
ͳƷӳͬһʱֳȥڿʱ˸Էһתͳȥ
ԴεֵУ΢ӹɳɳһСϣԵĴԵʮ㡣
ЩʯҰ
еıʯ̾Ϣ
ʯָ׸ǴСããֵԵòۣǿ۹۲죬Ҳ
ˣֻȥּ֪Ϊ
ֵ˽ʱҲõöʯѣջ΢
Ȼﻹİ취ǾǴĿͬᡣ
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ĿͣϣһͺȺȻըƬ𶯶

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վߵͨնˣһۣվ˿Ϊ
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ĿкȻ䷢ԭվͨһԣֻվ￴ߵս
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еһɽУĺΧһɹϢ͸޾
֮ϵػָڵơ

âɢȥڵشš
徳ʵȻֲ˹
뵽ȭЯԽԼ˺ѣ˲ͷ亹
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㳡棬д˷ĺڴ˿֮ٶ죬۵糸Զͳȥ
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峿һѤĿټĹ㳡֮ϡ
˿̣㳡֮ѾƼڶӣھ뿼˿ʼһʱ䣬ĵΧһ𣬵̸š
Ҳվڹ㳡֮ϣĬһֱעȺ˼ʲô
ʱгһӰ㳡ƽٶȼ졣
ߵĳڶӵע⣬ټĹ㳡ϴ˿ѻȸޱȹעŻߡ
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䶷Уÿ˷ֱ̹ͬɱ˭ڽ̹ٵıмֵʱԽ÷Խߡ
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˵ķƵȻڳȰǧˡ
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û뵽ʵս˾ȻҪ̹ٶԴ򡣡
Щ̹ٿԺľӢ˰ɣһʵɲ⣬ֶθǲ
ֻ߳һӰһĻۣƫݣˣ۽̹ϵϢȻѹ޷ϵÿ䡣
徳أ
⣬ô򣿡
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䶷һʯ̾ͶɣһʯɢƺǾȻҲѰ֮
һĻ
ߴһӣֱӿ˵


139 ʩֶ
Ż仰£ȺһӰ߳һۣԵúأֱϣԼԼԼ͹ļ⣬űըԵ
Ļֱ䶷һˣֳһѿһޱȵ·תС
վڻԵԺ̹ٽżһ棬Ծֱ䵽䶷һˣƮ
֪ȺСá
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Żһ£䶷һ׹·ʼתһɲɣϢϯȫ
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ǻ۽̹ٴ˿̱ǵƽ֮ʱһֻӳ
ʱ⻪𣬻۽̹ٲ죬ػӶţһ羡Ĩȥ
ৣ
ţ۽̹Ҳˣһ̤˸ֻһ˲䣬̹پ˽Ļ
ĻֻһһϢֱӵɶصˤ䶷С
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һ

һʱ󣬴ʱѾĵӲμ˿ˣͨȴ޼ʮ֮һɼ˴εĿѶж
Щͨ˵ĵӱҲֻƽƽʮһϢ֮ǻһԴҵӵܼʮϢĿǰõĳɼˡ
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ʱһмڴ˿
ڴʱһɽĺâڴ˿̺ӹ


140 Ĺ
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ţкâ𣬴ѤʵĹ⻪ڴ˿̺Ȼų
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۽̹ԭһȭһײУѾ˺ˣʱϯ۾¶һɲ˼顣
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ţһӴ۽̹ٳȥļϢ໥Զȥ
۽̹һ٣ҲֳһĨϲɫеĳѸٻ裬һӰֱײһӰ֣ڽ˺ѡ
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䶷⣬ߴ˿Ҳһ˿Цݣؿ䶷ϵ
Ϣڴ˿̲ߣĽӰʼۣƬ֮һѳʮɵľ޽ǰ
һ
һȣ޽˲ʱ۽̹ٴȥ
޽֮ĹâƣһɢһƬأֲϢ˻۽̹١
˿̣۽̹Ҳ˿⣬ԵؾǰѾ޽̺żµĻ֮Լˡ
˾ľ޽۽ֳֳ̹һӰݺݵҳ޾Ŀ񱩣޽ӭȥ
䡭
ɾһ˲ըѿನɢȥ֮ˡ˺ڶ
ɹâ˺ţʮϢ֮ɿֲŽɢ
˿̸оԼڵһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
һʩչһڵĺת˼¡

Ͼϲ֣սʱƣڵѪҺڷڣ˵ͷų
ԭˣ
徳أҲˡ

з⾪ȣ˵֮ɢ
ʱԼʩչ⣬ټ˻Ľ⣬вһ
Ż۽̹٣ҲûȡʤĿܡ
ΪѾսĽˡ
ৣ
һɽһᣬ뽣ײֱӱ޴Ʒ˳ȥ
ֱڵʯϣһƵ촫
ţֳɽվƽ
Զ۽̹ٵӰҲڻֳȻҲӵվ
˻
㳡ϵ˲һǿǵϡ
Ƕ벻ʵȻѾﵽȳ̶ˡ
һԳ壬Ȼ۽̹ٸˡ
ʵɲô򵥵ġ
Сӡ

۽̹ٵͷͬʱƻƶų
ţš顱һƿնͳ
ţһڴ˿̲Ϸˡľ죬ʱ
ȣ
⣬ֱǰɽӶţҪֵ
Ȼʱ˿̣š¡һ죬ӴĹӰֱӳƷɳȥ
ડ
ӰڰյеɣӰסȻȵ̤ڵϡ

⣬ôܣ
ƾУ
㳡ϵˣʼһ̾ǵ϶Щ˼顣
ȻƷɣ䶷֮ȴȵվ
˭ȥʵǸ۽̹ȣҲƾˡ

ʶţűһ̾ǹֱӴǵһֱܵĿ־塣
һϢ

һԿţ΢΢ͷ˵
仰£㳡֮ϿʼһƬȻ֮
һϢ
ĿǰΪֹߵĳɼˡ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼۼȥͣڹ㳡֮ϣһӰϡ
Сӣ
򵥣򵥰
ʱǻ۽̹٣ǻߣʱԺиֳľôһͷ
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ЩŵĹصĶ֮ͬʱǵҲڰڴţ϶мֵľϲ

ʱţգۼ䣬Ѿ졣
ʱڣʼȫͬ۽̹ٵһսҲǳ
룬һȵȣõߡ
ϧҵ棬ǲС
ǰ˻ԡ
ڣȴˡ
΢΢̾һǿУҲоѹ
ͨĹأԺĻ
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ǰأЩѾ̭һ󲿷ֻ֣ʣ¼ʮ˶ѡ
ৣ
һһӰͻȻ˸ǻߡ
ĹؿˣԺڡ


141 
ټĹ㳡֮ϣߵƬյлص
ĹصĿˣ
Ժڣ
㳡ϣߵⷬҲʼ̾϶Щ˼顣
ԣ
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΢΢ףӿ˵
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ĹصĿˣ
Ϊͨ·
߳Ƭ̣ϵϺȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵
ʲô
ͨ·
ȻǸ
仰󣬹㳡ڣ˶ʼ̾϶żֲ˼顣
仰µʱ㳡һƬȻ˷

һװڴ˵ػص˵شݶ
ʱ˶ģš
ͨ·ʱΪһ¡
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ˣ
ô£
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˷׷׾̾ҲЩ˼顣
ͨ·
էһ⻰ҲЩԺֱ治״
û뵽ԺĿˣȻ
Ȼ䣬վԵľ̾ڴ˿
ţ
֪
⻰ȵתͷʵ
һԵķ飬ڤҲ̿ȥĿͣϡ
ţ
ĬĬͷǰȥһΡ
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ȥ

һʱ䴫㣬ܴ
ʱ䣬ǵҲŲ˼顣
ţ
ͨ·Ǽ֮ء
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һס벻ʵἰͨ·ʱ򣬾Ȼһ顣
ȥˣȻ֪ˡ
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㳡ϣѾ˿ʼƶԶȥˣҲЩ
ţ
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ڤ΢΢ͷ̶˿ʼƶţųԶȥ
ôǣҲҪץʱˡ
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ԣ֮󣬵ҲɣֱǰȥŹ㳡ͳȥ

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ݡ
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⼸ӰǴԺͷˡ
磡
Ժһȥ֮أΪ֮ء
ųԵľͨ·
ָ̧̫ķ򣬿ڶ˵
ߣ
ԣ̧ͷǰĿеһͳ
ţŲӭųٷɳۣڶգۼӰѱڸǣʧһأֻһƬ֣ɳɳ
ͨ·ڼ֮أŽŨĶȥ
ն죬ơ

պ󣬼֮
ݡ
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ʲô
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뵣һ֮Уʢʱһ㶼ѡʱ
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ؼ֮֮ȡ֮ԼʹΪٸߵߣҲ̫Ϊ¶ȺͰȴ
ΧֻˣһǺˮֱðʪŽڴѹȡ
ৡ
ڽܣӰʼ˸ϡ
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һԿڽţͬʱӰ˸ϣٶ졣
뵵ĹâܣĿ֮һƬΣγһƬѤʵĹΣڴ˿Ե÷Ĵۡ
һƬ뵵ĵطټۣɿ죬Ƴĺۼм̶ĳХڴ˿̲
Ǿͨ·
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ţ

ͬ˶һãȻǶЩ⣬ǰһƬޣľͨ·

Ҳֻͣһָеһͺȡ
һָ⵱ȥٶԶȥֻǼʱ䣬ѾݺݵûС
䣡
һƬʼɢȥЩѤĿĹ⻪Ҳڴ˿ȥһƬ˸ϡ

ɳһĿ֮ӹȥͣǰ˸еһͨ


142 ͨ·
Ǿͨ·
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ָǰ뵵Уһ޵Ĵ
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ǿߣֻ׷ǿ
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֮ģʧ
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ʱĿ⵱ҲżֵڻȻУǰ꣬ѲɽѧԺеˡ


泯Զеͨ·һغš
ǰԱ߾վŵķ飬˳Ĭ
ŵַӦȻܹ׵ƶϳ
ţ
仰ȴصͷӦ
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Ǳˣ˳
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ͨ·ɷѰ·
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졭
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ڴ˿̾Ϣ
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ԵԵԵѾ
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ⷬסؿվԵļˣЩ˼顣
Ҳδξ
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ȴνֻǰڰ֣ЦЦ
֮粻֪ɹħˣһĵģһ˿ܺġ

ãһԵԤԡ
ȻԤԣǺβᶨģֱǰأ

һɣ׿ͷٰЦӣɢΧͣĶܷ
ˣ
ͨ·
㵽һڡ
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
վһԣżٳӰһ˿죬
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ͨ·ÿǧΪһᣬʵΪǧݣ¶ȡѹɱ

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˻
ôǿ
仰Ҳɾ̾һϴżֲ˼顣
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һʳ
᣿૵ҡҡͷûС
ԽϣѹͻԽ¶Խߣ˵¶Ⱦܽ𻯸ˡ
ϣͨǿߣҲ״
ھᡭ
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ˣŻ˵Ǿͨ·
룬ԺĿˣضǿھͨ·ϵ
Լ
˵Լķ

ظһ飬󿪿˻
仰վһԵķҲʶתͷĿͣϡ
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Ϊ뷨
˷ǹУ룬Ĺ
ܹõ

ڣȻû˿һ仰£ȴͬؾףȻը
ˣ


143 ֽ

ĸ֣ͷ·شһһ˲ݺݵûͷ
ͨ·
뷨
Ĭţͬʱм֡
ӣͨ·ô򵥵ġ
̧ͷǰаţͬʱϵƣһڽĴصţΧԡ
վں棬Ʋ첻ѣͨ·ĵȻ൱ļѣǰһȴû¶һ˿ӣ־ԽԽǿˡ
һ·ѸԼ̫ྪˣڻЩľˡ
̧ͷȥ㷴Ӧȴ¶һĨЦ⡣
ʶ硣
𽥵أĿȴ
ΣһΣվ󡣡һתͷָ
󣿡һԵʶתȥ£ŨŨ⣬ֲκζ
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һɻ󣬷ҲЩ⡣
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ʵΣգҲΣաЦ˵
ţ
˻ͷĿ¶һ˿˼顣
ʵŨܵɵģʱӦиоɣ
š
ĬĬͷڵȴĺݡ
ΪģʱȻЩӰ졣
ʵʧأ
޴赼߸ܿƣա
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صĺһȻͨ·ɱ
νԵûһʵҲѵõ
̾ɫ䣬ޱȼᶨ
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죬Ͽ졣
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ͨ
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ӣҪϽˡ
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ͨ·һᣬǰ·ңң֪ͷ
ʱһֻоת
ˣ
һڴ˿̺Ȼ䴫ͬʱһӴѹͳ֮ͬϴһֱӺݺݵϴˢȥ

ڴڵشŴоǰȻģһ̨ͨ׷·ֱʧ
ʱǰͻȻһɫӰ
ɫ¶񣬻±ڵʵʵģ¶һ϶ԱʹС
ӰֵϢȻ޲
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㣡
㲻
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һȴֱڵǰӰ䱸ʮ㡣
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ڱе˵ȴܱ¶һ

ʶսɽһΪԵʱ޿̵ͷų
Сޣš
Ӱڼ״̬΢΢һЦ˵
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Ҳ
Ǹˡ
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ķӦӰ˿û⣬ֱӿ˵
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Σ
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Ҫ֮ʣŮ洳֣۵ľŮʯֻء
ĵڰ˼
ƫˡ
Ӱͳؿڣһֻֻ䣬
ˣڴˡ
Ӱ˵ŻһֱָָԶ·̴أֱָͨ·߲㡣
ʲô
仰ȵ̧ͷ˳Ӱָ򣬶ߴ
ԡ
ڰֻڣڴˡ
Ӱͷ˵
ڰֻǻеھֻأ
ھֻڣΣ
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ھֻڡ
̧ͷգָǰ૿ڡ
˳˵ķ̧ͷȥֻһգ
㡭˼ǡ
û
ھֻΪء
Ϊ֮Դ
Ӱϣ㣬ڴ˿̺Ȼը


144 뷨
ֻʣһֽڡ
Ϊ֮Դ
⡭
סŵضųգڲڱ£Ȼɼ
еһֽڡ
ԭΪķô
ǰδһ˵ܹıط򣬶һܽһ
Уÿճ䣬ңң֮ϣȻһޡ
ã˻ĵͷƵ
ˣͨ·
ǽڵĵطҲǽĵط
ǧ꣬ڵĴ
νԵɡ
ӰָԭͷգǾͨ·֮ϣǰڡ
ס
û޷֣ƶ޽磬һпġ
Ҫᶨģһ·ǰС
ǰԴԣǿкС
Ȼ塣
Ӱ˵ţӰʼˣȻȫʧֻʣһڶԲϻصš
ᶨģһġ
֮ģǣ
ᶨޱȣǰһ

һƬͬˮưȻоǰһƬ㱣̤ڵײľ͵һ
һڡ
ȻܹıʱͿռ䡣
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ǸһĴ𣿡
΢΢˫ȭ
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Ȼڲ֪УѾ˾ᵱеĵһᣬˣǰ
ӦǰһĻӰİɣ
ĬţȻеı仯
ȻˣǱ߰ɣ
ȥ
תͷǼнŵˣת泯Ϸ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ

ƵһƵͷţֱͳǰһְͷų
ţ泯ǰһ̤
䡣
һͬ׻ľ͵ش㣬ֱӶԺ¡
ڶᣡ
Ųᶨֱһ͵̤¡
ǰ뵵УһӰڼѵǰ
һЩһֱǰȥֱӴ̤ȥ

̤ǰʱһҵʹ࣬ڴ˿͵س
һǿʹݺѹȶ嶼Щ𶯣Ϊ򵥵ߣüΪʹࡣ
ڣǸտʼƶһѡ
ڶᣬѹȻǷͬ졣
ǵһѡ
ôǿ󡣡
оʱ޿̴ѹٿʼŤţޱ

̤˻㣬ֱԶͳȥ
ǰǰ
ᶨģ˿ˣǰһ̤ȥ
Ŀ֮һӰǼᶨسǰȥԭϢȴһεǰ
ף
Щʲô
Ȼ䣬һ˵ĸо
ʱԺУʼһ֣Ǵ޵дһֺǴ̨֮ϴһʣ֪η

ֻغһŲᶨһ̤ǰ
¡¡
𽥵һڶԺȻ䴫˵ľ㣬ڶʱ޿̵ػصš
ͨ·ǰ򣬸
ǣǶԣǶ壬ǶĿĲͬǽͬ
Ǳǣøǿ
գۣھͨ·ڶ֮ϣ˰ʱ䡣
ڶᣬҲ߹һ롣
УҲԺ꣬ǲμӿ˵ģͬʱвԺŵӣŵӡ
ͨ·ˡ

һϢʱ
ǰ
һ̨֮ϣϥеȻۣĿֱǰ¶һ˿ϲ⡣
µʱ䣬ǰҪһϢʮʱڴʱ
ŲǰȻУĳֵڴ˿ͳ
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͵һʱҲֳһ˿ϲɫ
ЩԺеһһ£ţγǾ뷨
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룬ھͨ·֮ϣŲỺԶȥ

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ţǰͬһӰ㣬ֱӳǰͳȥ
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ͫ͵һۣϿʼֳһƬȻЦ⡣
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ããӰ֣ԽԽ˿ʼǰ
ǰȴֻܿԼļˡ
ǰ
ͺһŽŲޱȣǰһ

Ųһ˲䣬һȵĹâͳ¸ǹȥ
ȵԣ֮ϵ¶ȣڵڶ̫࣬Щܲס
뷨
Ŀ۵ʱһɫâһţ˫֮ϣһȹڻ֡
˿̣ǰ绢һһǰֱǰͳȥ
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飬飡
Ų£ƬУγһͳ㣬ֱӳԶȥ
ԽϣܵѹԽǿѹ˻ĶüΪһһǰÿһ£żΪصĲ̨֮ϣ

ᡣ
Ȼǿ󣡡
ʱڵ֮ϣоȫϴѹ˻
ʱѹ¶ȣݺݵѹȹ·綼Ҫżȥһ


145 ŵ
ˣ
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ͣ޾⣬˿ĵмϣĳһţ˻
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Ӱڣͳ㣬ڴ˵ػص𵴲ϡ
뷨ڴ˿̼תţڼתһֱصԶ

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˫εץڵϣͺһƵأ𵴲ϡ
ʱһһȥ֮ϣӰ̾ţһˡ
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һȣĶţֻĿԶ¶һ˿ᶨɫ
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ϥȫһɫâЩâʶظţȫ


ĿпʼһĺڼԶɫʼƮȫһֱδˡ
ͬˮϯԳϲϹ
ڣöڲתţ˿˿ƵһֱܣתԵúҫ۶Ŀ
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һɼΪӴڴ˿ͳ𣬴޼ɵˣ֮ɢ
Щĵ֮£ʼƬƬسţϴˢڵĺ飬Ϸ󣬼ٻصȥ

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ֻǰ翪ʼٵˣǰһƬ⣬ʱңµʱѾԺĹ㳡֮ϡ
ÿٶȣ
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ߵѣߵĻ΢΢һ
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벻ԵĳɼȻŵһ
ΧЩˣʼͶĽĿ⡣

˴οˣȫ
һͺȣʱ˶ԹԵر죬
ʮͨˣΪԺŵӡ
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һ仰£˵϶ʼһǿĿ⣬żֵĿȡ
ȴֻվεʼ磬ûĸд


146 
Ժһڡ
һӰһӰ
ø磬һҪұ
Ű۵гź⣬ڴ˿̵ͺȳ
˴ԺˣȻǿ룬Сȫˡ
ܳΪʦֵġ
Ƿ߿ޱȷŭ
վһԵԺŵӣø磬ɽ

ԭһֱĬɽڴ˿̺Ȼţظһ֡
ȻҲ˷
Ҳȷˡ
£ϡɽϲź⣬ͬӺдһ
һŵӶѣôҲֻš
仰£ɽӰʼʧϣҲʼֳһ˿Цݡ
ø磬ףʵ׼Ρ
ͨأԺУҲǰʮĴڡ
ʵԺҲھӢԸһŵӣǴ´ࡣ

ӹ㳡лصڣȡʱ䣬ʼ
ոͻƣȲҪӦʵ
ܿ죬һš
ŵһӦƷȥŵŵİ֮⣬һϵеĽ
ΪŵӵĴʦ֣ȻҲȥһЩҩ֮⣬ѡһ
ѡѧҲһ
Щ۵ȵȷһԣעһѧ档
Ʈ䡣
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ৡ
СԺУӰңǰڼƮš
ƮʱԭֻǲѰĹ΢һ˿ѡ
ܿ죬ļٶȵļӿ죬ޱĸо
Ʈʩչһ˲ӳɣʮԶ
ȻԺڵѧ
һɲ򵥡
֪ȻԼָֻѧԺĵ̣óѧȻ͡
һʳ֮á


СԺУͣ½Ų
Ʈ䣬Сˡ
ٽȥҪʱۼƣżá
Ƶͣ½Ųӹһξ룬ȻƮ磬û˿͡
Ӧöȡ˰ɣ
֪ü
뵽뿪СԺ漲۶ȥ
һϮɫۣ·ϣ;벻ŵӽپηĿ⡣
˴ĿԺ
ЩĿ⣬Сʱ
ׯϵĴذɣڵĶĸеһѹȡڴǰһңڴ軭ԻǬ
ߵſڣڽֻȻڶ
˵أԺŵӽȡĵط
վǬ΢Ƭ̣̤Ⱥ볨ʯڡ
ôˣ
УۼͷܶĻ棬˷಻Ⱥŵ̧עбһ˼״˼ý
֮⣬һųѾѡҪ¼źȥִеĵǡ
棬Ȼ滹Ҫ֡
վſ΢ɨӼ֮б·ͬһʼѡȡ
бϣиָЩΪѣΪľĥŵǣûжա
ɱ񡭡ժ񡭡
򵥰
ֲִ鿴񣬿Щ൱ѣɡ
أʼרעʼѰһʺԼ
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ŵӣһʶô죿
ڴɨţԶм۵Ӱ󶼸żŰ۵ŵӣ̾һ
˵ŵӣŵӶղ
Ѿ죬ǼѾֻһˣҲ޷񰡣
ɲʱʼͷʱǵȺ򲻼ؽȥˣֻһǻ
ȿ񡣡
ҡҡͷעǰ棬ʼѡ
񶼱ȽѣϾܹΪԺŵӣʵѶȻҲ͡
ȻҲֳм߼ȼڸѵģŵȫӴûʾ
ţ
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Ȼ䣬һ٣Ŀͣһб档
ֻȥˮ̶ȡһݶѡ
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ңںˮ̶ʮﷶΧڡ
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Ļ֮һʱžã߼֣ʵ
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Ҷ໥ʶһ¡
ȿڣʼ
ΪŵӣǴ˴δӣʵΪͨһء
ǼҲҽһ°ɣ


147 Ϣ
ỰºվһԵĸӿ˵
³ִжŰ
еλֳ־޸Ŀӽӿ˵
УȻ徳أҪǶֵĻҿûİա
һӽ˵㣬˴ʦָ֣εһܹԲɣ
˵Ľ֮ȴֻεҡҡͷ
ż죬ҵȻԺˡ
֪Ǻ»ǻ¡

̾һֱܿǰ⼸סˡ
ʦ־ֹǫ漸λʦֵҲͦ˶鵹Ҳѵá
˼䣬ǸЦݣͷӦʵʦܲţСӿɱ
֣ǫˡ
ʵʹˡ
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λ
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˵ͷһڳβԼĪ˰Ӳż¼˵֡
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²˳١ھ͵ԺгЩϢȻ
ǣ
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Ʋ󣬽˷׷׸ϣٶȺܿ͵ִԺĽг
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ѧԺѧԱ齨СӸǲڵĶ֮һ
ʦ֣Ϣл𣿡
Ѱһеҩ̯̣ṧض걧ȭ˵
ҩˣȫԺˣһ׿ԽѧΪҪҪҲ޷ЩʦȣΪǶԺɣպҵǸĿ꣬Բ׵
ͬҲţǸЩԺ˲ſûñȣ츳ָ˭ǿ˭ء
Ϣɣպˣȥĵطɣ
ֻʦְ˰֣תҲˣʵڸ߰ĺܡ
ƽͣһЦ֮ͬҲ㡣
ȥ̯̿ɡ
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ҲûϢĵطȥ
ûУûС

Ѱߡ˼еҩ̯̣õĴ𰸴ͬС죬ûУƲ
ϾϢҩһʮ֡
Ժг򲻵ϢҲѲʲôϡˡ
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΢΢̾ϢҲվ΢΢̾
ԭΪټĽгôмöʣġ
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Գ˰̾ҡͷԵʮΣûϢһʱ֪ôӺ֣ǰˮ̶ĻǼֱûʲô
ЩѰ죬ҪʦƣҪѲٴۡ
΢΢ҡͷϵЦҲʧü
ҩϢ
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Щܸ㶨Ļ߰˳ɰ
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ֻһʮ꣬ŵӡ
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Ŀ⽥ڲŷǸĲ࣬ңɼġ
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ʦܹӢŰ
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˵ʶ㣬֪һڣˮƽȻ̫
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û뵽ֻʦ
˷׷׿ڣһ˿ʼĴϢĲϣ

ݡ
ľ
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ھ
УϢĵ
ţ϶ȫˡλڴ˵Ⱥڱȥ
Ƭ̺ڽгſڣ˻ۣϸؼһϢĲϺȷ󣬽һֽЩ
㣬ӰԾ⡣
պＯϡ
Զȥ֮󣬱ӰƮһ
ˣǾ͵ֵĺϢˡ
ᣬˣϷ׷мϲɫȭ˵
ãصԼСԺ
ڼ࣬ﲻ࣬аڷһ¯վǰ


˫ְǰĿںܿһֻе¯״̬

ڣķȵϢֻƱãٶ죬ƶʱȻװ޷Զ
͡
¶ȸߵˣƵķ
¯ڵȣɫȻһӹҩ֮һУˮϤط·йϰ
飡
һ죬һ̣ͨݱƽѹڳ֮ϣҩһһظıѹڳ
ҩƽ覴ÿԡ

һ󳤳³Ϸ㣬ȵϢ˫ƴڿƺһɢʧ
Ϣƽû˿ң鵭ȻĿǰ
˫ֲãһһҩķֱ֮С
һתװƮĪָһƷ漴ʼѹȡ
ֱû˿ļ͹֮Զ׼
㶯ʱڼû˿񣬾񱣳ָ߶״̬ЩҩҪﵽı׼
ҩĻһı㣬ڴ˿̱ɫζӨ͸Һ塣
̹¯ǽ֮ҿһҩı㵹¯֮ڡ

ǽӽȶĸߵĵ¯ͷ󺹡
ûʱͣ£ҪһǲͣµģƵҩ￴ͬһսۣɰڴһ٣Ļ
˫Ŀɲʱٶ죬Լпŵ¯Һ壬Ƴ͡
飡
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152 
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ɲʱʮֽûͣļ󣬲Ҫٹȥǣ֮ʵ½ǿƶȥסǡ


154 ۣһ
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ʱѪ磬Ⱦ˺棬Ϊҹɫ˼ֵĹȡ
Զؿɥˮ̶ȴԮֻԶԶš

ҹڷߣ֦ҶҡҷʱƮҶ
ߣͷϢ֪Ǳ˭ɱվԱߵ㱣һԲԺȫǳ˿ʱ˷ܡֱһҧϣʹ
˲ԶǺɫ̶ˮڲţ̶֮ԼԿɺɫѪӰƯš

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һʱ죬Ǳˮ̷սǱôΣյĵطûг⣬û뵽˳ժȡݡȴô飬Щ
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ĳХѪҺͬ겻ͣ£Ӵڱ治ϽţܸϵЩ㶼ʼ飬ͬѰ㣬ԵΪѤʡ
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155 ǧ
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ˣŭ죬ɱŰһ̾ͻϸ߿գ֮һս
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ߡǰЩڵȻûбֻһ
ƾǼҺΣ
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䣡
ը̤λըˮˣƮڿֱֱ˾ɼӿ̶ȸжǿ
ֲɢʱţɽֱ֮ɶ崩ˮĻ̶滬ʮԶסӡ

ǧƵƣڵֵ⣬Եӡ
ǧȻǿ
˶ʽ޷нӰܹɽ
Һã֮ҵõһЩȻԵֵӰĹ
ֻǣģĸоʲôΪʲôܸоʹһеĻƵɽǧأ
ϣʩչʽøҵõһЩüĿĻᡣ
ĿԶǰɾվ̶ϵɽ˿ڲٿеǧ۳ʤĽӰԼ˻
Сôս£
СӲ徳أʹҲ˰ɣ
УСһǣ
ɽɫݣǵЦԵʮֿ£ͺһͷް㣬ֱԶ
ԡһ


159 Ľ洫
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ͻȻɽֱǰԼϮϰٸӰһһٵر
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ͬʱɽĲٿ֮£ٽӰȻǵذϯ
˿̣ϣԽָ죬漴Ҳڽϣһɹɷ˱ȻͨǿߵĹȻ壬泯ǰһ
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ݺײһ˲γһ޴Բ򣬼̶ȻըֲÿϢɵٶ˷ɢĿƷɶˮ˸̶ֱȻƯһƬƬޣǱսನޡ
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ɽ泯ǰƲɵĹҲЩȻһ壬תų𣬲ұǿˡ
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Ŀ˼ĸȫȻ壬ֻǾվڰ˼š
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ɽĿٴαͬʱɱҲڲѾϸܵвˣҼϢ֮䣬ܹΣвڼȴȥ
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ȻɽĿֲ֮δ֣ǧѹʱǰ㶯Ǿ춯صġ
ʱ״̬֮ȫȻ֪ʶȫǺ˫âԼһ档
Ծ뷨ݳĻء
һδεĹۿڲͣŰء
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Ƿһδεݹ
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գ屬Լǰδеƣˣ̶޸Ӿ֣һΡΡҪ
ͬʱϵɽҲϡ
Сӣ˴ζȻҪǣ
ɽը죬γɿֲ˷ɢȥ
ɽ·Ǿ޴еӡųҵĹâҫ۶Ŀ
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ˮ̶ˣдвپֵޣȫǱǧƶġ
ͬʱпŭ𣬱۳һÿһпֲҷޱȣʵһ㡣
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ɽһ㣬Ծϸߵգͬʱ˫䣬ȭΪצȻ˳ȥ
ǧҲųҫ۵Ĺâˮ̶ÿһ䣬ȥǰ
һµǧȻٶȷɿ죬˲Ϣɣ

ˮ̶ͣϣҿ˫ۣ۷ֱӹһһ׵Ĺâ
⶯
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Χˮɲʱˮֱ屬ƣк˵
ţȴ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵
Ժŵӣ
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160 ɽ
ŵӣ˶ѣ
ȳװ㣬ⷽȻը
һԵµˮҲ·ܵĳϵһȦһȦز
ߣ
Ǳ㣬԰ɣ
ɽԣٿʼŤȴһߣм˵
ţɽһһޱȵĽͳյеĽӰʵˡĲڲϻص
˿̽˫ϲδ˿ı飬ֻС·ĵڣתٶԽԽ죬Ҳӵı䣬պתǰδеٶȣͷųĺ·ҪΧĿһ
еǧ˲Ϣɣִ
Ҳʱˡ
ֻŤɽְҲࡣһɽɢĹâΧĿ˲̣¶Ȼ½
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˲䣬ɽΧ̶ˮѸٽɱ棬뷽ϯˮ̶Ϣϡ
ϯˮ̶ĺһֺ˵ٶȣˮ̶̶оֵ޶סˣЩҲ˼Ӳı档
ǿҲԭȳֹǧͣ˿УͬҲסˣڵһţǧɢ
⡭
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ܣܣԲܣ
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Ҫ֪ǰڵĵʩչҲ޷ˮ̶οǱסɽͨǧ
ԶĿŵɽ̧Ȼƻʵ˲Ϣɡ
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ɽ
ȻܹǿԼ
ɽյĲһһһĭ
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ɽԽǿպҲԽ󣡡
ʱȲˣɽûкڵڻԺɣ
Եͷ漴ɽʼɽҺڵ
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ϸһڵЦݣ䱦Ľڵִӻȡݡ
黹Ƕ࡭
ݣ΢΢ҡͷ˼ǧ漴ֽߵķٴȥ
ڻԵУûпɽս
ҪԺˣ֪ǻûС
һѽᱳԺķٴȥ


161 
ˮ̶Ժ˰ô·ʮֵԶˣ;ûͣЪһʱ䣬صԺʱѾˡ
ԺڣЩŰ۵ĵȺ˵϶ЦݣȻԲ
ͨǬĴϣ㣬һԾʮԶ·ϵЩֻһͻķιӰ
ذɵǬͷܶǰ콱ŵǽǳִʱ顣
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׼Ǭʱ򣬺ϵȻڣû֮ǰܹ
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أ֦ͷɫâСԺ̸ЦשȻڷվ̳ӣÿȵģѾЩˡ
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162 Ժ
峿ůҫСԺС
СԺУ˺˵ţҹ˶ȵһʱѲ
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һµһߣȴЩѵףֻԺĴ˴Ƥգ˼Եɵɵ۾
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壬Ŀ̧ϸϸŶͷֻͷѣȻҹȵЩˡ
˼̫Ѩ漴˫ֽƣ任ӵ֫ٺͷʹѵԴҲ𽥿ʼ

۾ڰްԺȡ
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СԺ߳ԶԶΧֻۣŵȺȻƣ̸ĳ飬ǰԵ
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ԵˣΪѹɫԲ԰ףֻҡҡͷ˵
˵ĻǰȻ䰲ǽһޱͳ


ǰ˾еһͺȳͳԼвмŭ뱯
ԵæҴ𻰡
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ȫìͷָ˱ڣΪɽնɱͨǿߣԷޣʴıնɱ
Ҳֻ˵ͨˡ
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ǲǰ߸ϣԷԼʵܲŲᱻʵḶ́ȴһãȻ֪ʲô顣


163 
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Ժһӱ㱻Χס￪ʵ
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ˡ
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漴ĵͳŰкӰ˵
ֻڰеĺӰȭ漴ʧںڰУȻȥˡ


164 ĵ
ԺгȺӣ뵤ҩĴɼʦƷһӦȫ
м䣬ѰƸսĵҩϡ
鷳ڰȡʮҰݡ
һŹ̨£ָϰڷŵ룬ߵһ־ɵĸо
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ǰŵ΢΢һЦؽҰݵݸ˲ԭϣһԭϿǱճ࣬ǰȻġ
ЩԭûҪĶų

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ʵŹ֣Ȼڳһõĵ򡣡
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΢΢һЦǰ·ҩĵʱʶ￴ȥ
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Ŀڹ̨ӣĮǰЩ˿ûакֻеѡ֮󣬲Ÿ赤ҩȡʯ
λʦ֣űߵʮô
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Ӧֻһ飬ʣµЩ񡭡
ϸ֮Ŀ棬漴СĽֽƬڵϣ֮Ҳֵʮʯء
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λʦôѵأʵЩֵ
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ڵˡ
ҿʲôƷĵ
Щַ֮ĿڼŵӬͷС档
һƷײҪǷŵȥͿԻʯֵʮֵĴ󣬲ɲѵ
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⡶ĵȽ͵ĵģļ弶ҩƷֻѶȺܸߣҲ㡣
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ļҩȾҪкõ뻷
УԣҲ֪ʲôʱͻȻ˴ţ׹һġ
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δƹļҩҪܹƳɹĻһԼǿˮƽһǿʣֵмջ
ֻûкõĵطļҩ̫Ҳûаô

ҲֻԺкõĵ¯Լõ
ֻǲ֪Щĸļһ᲻ҽȥļҩ
˼УԺҲжţҩΨһܹļҩĵطˣֻǰȴһѹء
ˣȥһһ
ֻ˼Ȼ˦˦Դ¶ĺʼоļԼַˡ


165 
峿׼ȫ֮󣬱ǰԺ
ôôˣ
ɱǰɽ˺ĳ𺳵ԭء
Ժɽ˺ŵԼŵһãԺֵĵطԺгҲȲ
΢΢Ʋ죬ôˣҪǰͷѣοֱӽˡ
ڵҲû̫࣬ȥ
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Щȱһɡ
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ţ
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ƾ¶ۣ̫Щɡ
û˿ԥһϯĻ
ɲʱĿⶼϣһĿ㵣ԭء

ʦܻǲҪЩЦˡ
䣬Ƴһҩѡ
óһˣǿˡ
Ļ½һʱԭأܿЦĻΪȻ

ɲʱЩסĵҲӦ½׹ЦȻĻ
ѵʦֲţ
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Ŀƣȥ˵ķӦΣֻ½ףͬʱһϯ·һݵսһ
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ֻҪɵӣ˭ҺҩȻǣȻԺʦֵͷԺгһ˵ġ
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ã
ʦԣ
漴û˿ԥĵͷͬʱָƽģֵֻЦȴû˲ѡ
һ߶ˡ

ҵƵҩˡ
˿ɾó졣
̸½׽ֻڶǡ
ЩסòŷӦ漴۷׷ס
ĵطˡ
סˣʱֻһ졣
ʱ򣬿ɱƲҩﲻҳ
ڣ½״һЩͷҲص뿪ˡ
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ԵñȽխĻȴǱɽѧԺ࣬ԭһӦȫи弶ҩĲϡ
Ǻõط
ǰḧźɫϺõ¯ԼȻЦݡ
󣬵׼Ƶʱȴһš
ĻãҩȻ°빦ܹȡʤ
ĻȴֻһΣպɾûôˡ
ЩļҲǵеġ
üͷ壬ԥȻԺи󵨵뷨
֪ļҩ


166 ʧܣ
棬ٵ½״ĵ飬ûɢȻҪӮ
ڣĿ˼
֪ļҩ
ԺУȻðôһͷ˴ĵͻȻԾԾԵĳ嶯
ڴĵڣļҩĵмز١
ǰȻںøԭϣȻʱļḶ́Ҳûмļҩƹ̣ǡĵصַȴǲ֮ѡһַ
ϴԪĲʮѣҪѵʱݣſиİա
ʶУȫƾһݳģ覴ãȴõپ飬ơϴԪľ顣
ļҩϴԪڴƵĵҩ
ڵַҲֻҲܣϾĿǰƳɹϴԪҪΪҪòһϺõ¯ġ
ʶһһٶȷɿ죬ȴʮֵĳ״̬·õļҩԼһ
֮ڴ״̬лصʵˡ
۾ڰӵӹһ˿ǵĹâϰٴεϸڶסˣҽ޸ģﵽܳɹַ

ļҩϼѡ
ιݵһİա
أֻҪмƾͿӲٳɹİա
ڣ˫ʵȴ̶̼ϢʱУ˲ټƻ
⿿ݴӶȡ飬ƻӳɹļʣҲֻӶѣһЩƵҩϸڿɶҪԼƿصġ
ֻвϳԣٸſƳԼļҩ
ʱ䲻࣬ǶʧܣǻǼһһϺõ¯
ʼˣ
һ˼ǵĿ⿪ʼޱƽ


ֻ˫ֽһӡ˫գз˷
ʱųȷƵҩʱﵽר־һ˿񣬶ȫ̽䡣

ú³һϵ۾ٴޱƽ׽롰״̬һжӰ죬ֻе¯
ʱˣ׼ȷ˵ƶˡ
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ŵ¯Ƴһƣɲʱ緢ڵ¯֮еȼ档
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վڵ¯ǰδʹ˽һǿƴϯ޷ԶĵϢ
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飡
ĵرѹϣظĽУսơϴԪĲѹ

Ŀֽҿ򵥵Ķȴ͸һɳζһжԾǿЧԱ֡״̬òơ
⵹ҲһַȻǸݡĵ
Ƹ߼ĵҩҪи߼ľֻм߾񣬺òƣȻ߱һʦı׼ˣڵʵңɼ
Ȼ䣬гһһָȥЩȵڸֲǰ
ֳΪһС״Ʒֻһתû˿ˮ
ţұ̽ŵԭϵƽС
ƽתŲȻ쵽ܹľϵҩȫڿն𣬸߶ȱһ£ֱڸС
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һСƵƷڸϣһ£Դ˱֤ƽȣ˿ƫ
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˵ɲ˿иҲʶΪΪôεԺѾһֹ滮˵Ǳʶʮѵõġ
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Ϣδң񻹱ĳĽ࣬ͬҲ߶ȼУ˿иܹӰԼĺˮ
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ʵҲ֪¯ڵʲôҲ֪ڵĽʧܻǳɹˣһлҪ¯Ǵ򿪲֪
΢ͣǰȥ¯ʱ͸еһȵ˴ǰڵĺ黺תƾϢ㽫˵¡
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167 ϴԪ
ţֿʼߵҩǰٴѡơϴԪԭϡ
ͬģѡĶƷɫĲϣĲϲǮֻҪʮʱ֮ƳҩӮⳡ־͹ˡ
ԭȵĲ裬޸ĺٴν롰״̬ҿʼ
ÿһĲ趼޿ԣ֮ǰһλҪġ
ǹһʱ󣬵ڶƵĽʧܡ

ˣ
Ϊλ޷һˣ
һò˼֪ż޷µģԺܿ侲ˡ

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ˡ
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ֽ¯Ƿźú㣬Ծͣ⡣
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ϲͣĵ¯¶ԽԽߣյġž·ͿҪըһ

ͻȻ֮䣬Ưڿеĵ¯һĹâֱʧ¯Ҳصԭλ档
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ɲʱ˫ƣĿ¶ϲɫؿǺɫ¯Ҫȥƿ뷨
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һһ߶Щɢ¶һźʵĺɫҩɫǲļƷ
⼴ǡĵеļҩϴԪ
һöҩʱ˵ļ


168 ض
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ҿͫӹһ˿Ľ⣬лѹ˷ܡ
ûд߶ȴоԼȴ߶ʱҪֲоԼһȭԻʯ֮ĺô


169 ̳
峿Ժٴκ䶯ԺеӶ˷ޱȡ
Ϊһ죬ԺųϽҪ̳ڿΡ
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ΧĵǾ۾һĿⶼֻʮڴĹʺĻ档

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ԵʮֵȻֻ΢΢һЦɽ֪ʱʣ˭Ҳ塣
ৡȥǳȥݲȵһ¾ͽĹƵ˲䷴Ϊ
򵥵ļȴ׼ǳеȫǶԷݼŵڣһĻڶԷ

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171 
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172 ˮ
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173 ĵ
峿͸ڵֽɫĹߡ

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˴ȻѣʵҲһЩΣѡ
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ǺһЦû˿η壬ںˮ̷ʱɽǧ󶼸Ƶˣʮ徳ص˲ĺϻ󷨣ܸͨȽϣ


176 ڵ
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ĿЩԾԾԵϣĿҳɱ⣬漴Ӱһײǣܿһһϡ
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ͬʱߵʱҲûзɾ裬֪ڵսթҪǲСľͺпܱĳЩ˵ˡ
ȻǶˣﲢûʲô壬Ϊڵ˸û뵽Ժ
ܿ죬˱ģԲΣʮɳʮִĿռˡ
ղӦĲӦˡ
ֻʮɿһ̨̨ռʮɣҲԲεģ滹мʮ׳ıϷһɢűɫâԲ
һСĺ˿̵ĺȻסһС
ǺԸܵǹеı̶ȣһ˵ı䣬֮ǽһͷ߼޺סˣѾ˵Ŀ̶ֲȡ
ǡ
飡
ͫһ˾κˡ
ô
ѵɽûյ飿
г֮¶š
ţĺʮֵɢҡ
еһСȽףΪαڵĵӻҪ
ĺӼ٣֮ƽʮֵƽ
ڽض֮ǰֿܣû뵽Ǻ顣
̺ʮӴ󣬸ο޺飿
ܹյĻǾԿԽüصʵջôܵס
ȺİܼӣȻҪˡ
⵹Ǳң
ϵľ֮ɫȥȡ֮ŨŨϲɫ
ں̺Ѿ˲٣ҪӿٶȲУ
ڰ˼ţܻȡ

а취ˣ
ұԻݻ㣡
һ˲ϯ磬Ǽȵ˹Ĵӵĺ˲䱻β
ЩаĿʼֿȴȵճޣǱǽûа㶯Ϊɲıǽڻ
ҲҪһ㹥̨󷨣ڵӶӵͨľ磬ֽķܹƵģ

ɲʱһȣȹ̵ӿĴǻȴΧų̋ǻ
޷裬ĵϢֻ˫֮һȵĻȼա
ɽʼҵĲ󷢳˿˿Ƶ̺ŵϢԽбڻָĵ涼ѿʼڻˡ
䣡
һޱȵĽնǱ̨棬涼ʼĵһ˿ѷ졣
̨ųıɫâҫ۶Ŀ޷ֵסһȵĽʼѷ죬̨˲ϷĹҡҡ׹ʱ׹
һ㹥ȫͨǿֲµķҲڴ˿顣
ûᣡ
˫Ŀһ˵ƲӿĲɢʧ
ˣ
ɽһԾҧأɽȫǼ׹Ĺ
ϣ
ɽڹ棬ǷӲĺſ죬ģԵʮֿ¡
ߣ
ĥһ˿ϸ΢ƺһ㾡ȫٶȷ׼һƿ
ƿˣ
һϲϳһ˿ϲЦݣЦݣٶȷ׼ݻٵſԽĺյȻ޷֡
С·ĵУ鿪ʼתתٶԽԽ죬ˣ̶ȱӿֲ
ۣ
һ죬Ĳٿڵĺٴ
ԷʵԼ̵Ĺ򣬺·ûа谭һһӱ㴫˹ȥ
ͣںϷʼתɢ˿˿ƵĹâ
鿪ʼһϸ΢£齫龡ˣҲѷ죬ʧӰ١
ڵˣ
аϲƿ󷨾ԺķƿֺķѴٿغպ飬ǽƣˡ
ɲʹͣ£֮Ҫ
ڰյһڵϣ˫ֽӡٶȷɿ졣
˫ۣſͣڿתĺͣתʼǰߵƮȥһ롣
һת˲ŵĹâ˫һ䣬һӱ
ͨĽ½뵤ٴοʼתһɹɻ緢ڵ֮Ĵǻ
̺Ȼ񣡡
֪ܷʹ
аϲӡƱ任ٶȷɿ졣
ͬʱɺ緢գڵڡ
鲻ͣ緢Ҳڲϵգһֱѭˡ
ʱţһȥ
һӵʱͻͽһǧȻû徳أ緢
պͣҲͣ
䣡
ڴһ죬Щ˲ޱȾͬʱͨë׷һˡ
еȻۣеϲ֮ɫڸǡ
徳أ


178 徳
徳أڵˣ
ҿƤֱӹ˫â˴εĺ˫â֮ǰҪڰųһ˿ɫʡ
徳ص
Ȼǿ󣡡
ֻ˫֣Żǿ֮ͬǰȼֱͬնһ˿ЦݣЩ
徳أ仯νʮֵĴ
ǿȸһ¥һ
һͨһǿߡ
ļеĻ֪ûʤĿܡ
ܵԼȫµı仯оڵԼսһͨһǿߣкܴĿʤ
ָо󣬸ֱӱԵİա
Ѿ˰ʱˣ֪ʦǡ
Ȼ䣬ѹںջ£ս
ȥΣ
һ䣬ȶȻ˳ȥľǿĶȶ״̬˫Ÿòٶܹ֮죬Ȼ徳صԭ
ʮ㡣
żϷսȻûвԼٶȣֻſȥ档
ȻĵȫͨǿߣǶԷҲĸͨǿߣһֻƽ⡣
ֻǶԷһȺСܣЩСȻ඼徳صˣȴܾⳡսĹؼʤȫЩС
룬̷ԪսʱͻȻϻסһʱ֣ǽ⵽ߵ͹ǲҲ϶ˡ
Ȼôż
ৣ
Ʒܳصױ磬չ¶ϦĹâȻʱѾǻƻˡ
ʱԶĵ˷׷ƫ׿˹
ʦܣûܵʲô˰ɣ
һ³˹ܵʲô˺ҪĻҿ϶ŹйĴ¡
ܿ죬صҲΧ˹һĿʼ˵
ʦܣȥˣ
ǿұկ
ţ
ͻƵڰˣ
صΧ˹Ŀʼ˵ͻƵڰأͣ˵׷׿ߡ

΢΢һ㶣΢΢鴤֪˵ͬʱҲ֪ԼǵĹϵʲôʱôˣ˵ͷ
ս𣿡
λʦûܵʲô˰ɣ
Ӧ˹ɨһȦΧвɶĵ˵ʵе𾪡
կѾǳ˷棬ûһ¥ڡ
иŨصѪζկȫ˵ɵѪ߰ߵĵ棬կ̷ԪԼڵѪģĲ
ɺѪȾĵ棬·Ѫɺһ㡣
Ȼĵ˺δ¹ڳȣλЩͨǿߵģȻܱģ
ʵզࡣ
ûУʲôˣ
ûǰں֮ڸˣ
կܶѾɱˣЩҲǻ
صҡͷһ߲ѣܿǵıƽȡ֮ıǺ֣ء
ڵӳ飬ô
ĵʮ֣أһ˫籪ĿԵʮֺ塣
һЩɽΪԴ٣ǻᶮĺϻ󷨣϶Ǳڴڵģ
ûһбڵŵӳ϶ı
Ҳ֪Ǳڵľݵˣ⼸껹ǲ񣬾ȻԺһǧڰݵ㣡
Χص˷׷׳Ӧȣüͷ壬ͫеɱޱ¶
ڻڰаһԺôľݵ㣬ѵΪ˴̽Ժ
ҪǱھݵĻǶկôҲЩⰡ
Ҳüͷ壬˼С
Ļ˶һۣҲ˼С
կҪǱھݵĻկ޼ȷʵ⡣
룬һԵ׼ǱӪ̽ϢȻʮֵ͵Ļ˸ߵɱӡ
ҲпΪ˶ĿŴ޶
Ժ꣬Ǵδй
ѵڳסҪʲô𣿡
ǲܾҪԺ棡
ľ۾˵üͷþûչԺ
أ׷׵ͷ鲻νǿɲи
ǳҹɫȫٸԺ

죬ǵ㡣
ԺԺһԺʱɽĸط
ڣǰڣֻλòһ˿վйλõˣ졣
塭
ҶԲ㡣
ôֶûв鵽֡
ֶӴѲ顣
һɱø֣ң⣡
սսĹֱȭȻʮֺ
ͨЩѲ飬˵һһҲûС
ǰй۲ĵӣûдһеô䷳Ľ鶪촦
ȱ˵ûҵ֡
ᣬûʲô֮
ڰУȶͳ
ȻìͷָڣǰЩ̸֮󣬱һֱǻֲŽɽɱˡ
Ǹûй֮һΪǰһ
ҲǸһ𡭡
΢΢һ٣ʼձűȭǷĶ˵Ľ⼸Ķ
һɿֲϯƲûдʲô仯ȴĶĸеѹȣһ־ǿ߲Żеѹȡ
˵ĹӦġ
ǵƾôܽɽУ
ѵɽǱڵĵӽս֮ˣ⵽Ķ֣
ʱʱ䣬ҲʮֵĿɡ
õ֮мļʱԲڸ·
üͷ壬ͫеɱеͷƤ飬Ծ¶ƣú΢΢Ǿʵѹȡ

ȫȨ顣
һһһҪʮֿɣ
𣿡
عʱ˵Ƹӿ
վڴ΢΢һ٣ǼüΪ鷢ˣȫȨʵЩ°첻ô¡
һҪʱ
ǣֶˡ
ֶһʧľٶ
ʮĵͷ
һߣӶկֽڵӳڶկ泤֮صԺԼСԺ¥
谵Ļ£Ӱӱӳ
ܸоԺУһЩ˿ʼעˣ
ѵԼ𣿡
ڴϣ˼ǧ徳֮ĸ֪֮ǰǿϲ١
ڸղŻ·;Уܵ˸Լⲻ˲²⡣
ҪٽһЩ
ȷ˸Լ֮ɰ¾ģ붨ʼΪ


179 ͨ·
峿³е˵һҹεӡ
Ϊÿ³Ժ֯һЩŵǰȥͨ·ѡһ£Щʧ֮۵ĵҲֻҡͷ̾ˣȴ¸µ³
ȴʮˣΪǰͨ·ļ֮Уһ
Ժ㳡ƣˮ̲ӸԷжվǻڵȴһӵĳϴǰͨ·
ϴֹڵᣬ֪˴ܹϵڼ᣿
ڶӵУ۵ĿǰڰӵһƵڴ
ȥͨ·ÿģȻÿ³ͻ֯һȥЩӿǼ㡣
ˣ
ȺͻȻһ۵׷ͣ£Ҳ񣬿ȻǰĻ۳ϡ
ϵڶȻͣµۣϵļЦȴӲá
ͨ·ҲϤˡ
ϻϷҲ˵߰ɣ
ֻǰĻ۳ŲӣµһɲŭƣһǿֲֿϢȵȻ𾴡
ھͨ·һЩ򵥵ĳʶЩ֪ȻһΣճ̶ȣǲӭѶϵĻĻȡʲôɾ͡
ȻЩ
ܿ죬ЩӸŻ۳ͷ󣬴Ҷ֪ĿĵǼ֮أÿ̫ĵط
ǧӸŻ۳Ͻ봫ͷֻձãͷ͡
۾ʱ򣬱ִǵĿĵˡ
֮صľͨ·ɽ˺ͷܶ˷еʱᱻûһ㡣
ͨ·
ĿԶ뵵еһ翵Ĵ֡
磬ͣӿγ˿˿ƵһϽɫֱһ壬ȡ
οʼսĵطˣ
Χɽ˺ȴֻʣƮ޵ֻͨһ

ͳڲ֪伣һͬ׵ĽŲ
ʤǶǾͨ·ȥˡ
һûǱ⣬ϼڱεͨ
ͨ·ǰĿһⲻ֪ǰ·εͨһԾ˽ȥ
̤ͨ·ֻоձãת
ˣ
һͬʱһӴֲѹȵӿΧǻһδεĳˢ塣
ڶһѶȴɲ٣
ܹѵģֻеˡ
֪ܲܳƵᣬᡭ
߸أ
ɵǰ·Īһ˿ЦݣЦԵʮţлһ˿ڴ
ͨʱ޶ģȴû˿ʱ䡣
Ϊ֪£ܵﶼһɲЩһ֪ϳ壬һζΪԽϾĸࡣ
ȵĴǻȵϢܹĸֲ꣬ѹ˴ĵ׸еһѹȡ
һһĥܹ˲һԽ͵ʹ࣬ǲַӶᱬ־ᶨҲмĿʧǣΪһʶججˡ
֪жˣȻһѶȶ˵ѾʮֵɣûаӣĿƣԼһɼ᲻ɴݵļᶨ
ܿ죬˳ڶᣬһڶһֱǲֵһᡣ
Ϊڶѳ̶ȵһһ࣬ѾǿǿȵˣǼһ˵֮ġ
кܶڵڶֹҲвڵڶʧǣ
ڶȴͨһһ·ϰһ㣬ǰᶨ
ᣬˣ
ڵʱٴγǺɵЦݣĿ˼᲻ɴݵļ⣬һɵսζ
ǰͨ·ʱֹڴˡ
һΣҪƵᣬᡣ
Ȼ㾫ûеĻǻһˡ
ֻĿеļᶨ֮ɫ·بŲƣһһ˲ûᵱС
ֲѹ˲ϯ壬ȵͬһӿһѹ
ʹĥͣˢ壬վԭأǾٲѡ
ᡭ
ȻٲѰ
䣬ͷ𣬶ĺ黺䣬ֲʹ۽̲ס鴤¡

ѹȵʮѣɫͨʱŷӦҿʼ
ҾͲţֶλҳȥ
Ȼ䣬ҧأĿļٴαü᲻ɴݡ
̧ţ׼һʱֲֿѹȻߣӿ˺ȻϮ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬оҪ˸εһͬʱѹҲڴ˿̷ͼݻ־
ֻ᲻ɴݵĿ΢΢ɶո̧Ľȴʼȥ
ߣ
ɲʱӦһƺߺٴҧأٳ޷µĽŲҲڴ˿ȵ̤ڵ档

һӿ
һѡ
Լ޷˷ġ
ǱԾ뷨Կɣ
ͷ󺹣䤱һߴŴһ߿ʼ˼
ղʹĥļᶨͬʱҲڿһĥ£òȡһʤǰϰٲһӼѵ·;
ڵһȡʤⲢŽȥܹͨ裬ŻὫĵó
뷨йΣյʱŻóʹãȻܹвĵز
ܹʱѡʹ뷨Ѿ˵ļᶨ֮ġ
ֻ˫Ŀգ˫ֲԼͬŤתȻٶʮֻȴܹǰҽơ
ĬһЩķɲʱʧȥԼΪĵĸоӽǳͨ裬ۿ켣ѹλãԼѹ
Ҫ롢͸Ŀֻ꣬жԼѹλҵ취
ôӵһԼԴܹһм
˿ӵо뷨Ҳ޷Ȼ뷨ܹĿ磬ԼûдﵽĿľ硣
ֻп͸뷨أŻӵ־׵Ȼܣ֮Ļû졭
Ծ뷨Ҳеõһ˿
ֲѹٴֹȵ˷ӿ
ĺ黺䣬ûܵӰһ㣬һżᶨޱȵ־ڳЩĥ
ܿ죬ĳ΢Ĺɣһ˵Ĺɡ
һٴ̧ŲǰȥŲٴζڿУٳû¡
ֻҿᶨޱȵ۾ӹһ˿â
ҧأͣڿϢĽŲ£һ
Ծ뷨ܹѶȡ
ʣʱܶ࣬ҾͿܷٴֹɣ
ֻ¶һ˿΢ЦĿᶨ


180 
ھͨ·ĵϣٲѣÿһ̤þȫ㡣
ʱƣӰȴԽԽˣΪʱ޿̲Ծ뷨ǰһһ㡣
ϧǣվ޵ģܹǰٵȴǽ
ģһֻһ롭
Ȼĵ֮죡

˿̣Ѿ˵벿֣ỹһ·̣ɳΪĿǰҪ⣬ЩĥѻܹͦȴеѰ졣
Һʱ仹ܳ㡭
ϴƵĻв١
ǣøȴһ⡭
ʱ䤱ͷ󺹣ͷ·һһ㡣
ˣ
ûѵͣҪǷûᣬҲòκθ򣡡
ᣬҾͲ߲ȥˣ
˼֮ϵĽû뷨Ȼ֪ͨ·ʲôҩûãȴ֪ҪõʲôʵԵĸ򣬾ͱҪƾԼᶨ־Լӵ
ΨˣſƾԼͨᡣ
ûѵ͡
ˡ
Ѷֲסܹɾ۷壿
ǰĵ·ľõһͻƣǲ֪¶һ˿΢Цޱŵ΢Ц
ţϵ΢Цȡ֮֮ɫͫеļᶨӼ᲻ɴݡ
ҲԺӣ˿ֲĥ¼Ȼûʧǣһȴҽг
Ȼ֪˵ֻеᡣ
ҪͨᣬҪԵĳ˵ĥѣȱʧ
ǾľϵõͻƣͻƵľ״̬ҲֻһЩ治ȥ뷽跨ӵ͵Ӷѡ
ľдãھͨ·ȴû˿ãҪ˵ôҲǱⲻܸѡ
ܿ죬ˣ־ٲѵ£ֻʣһ룬޷ŵᾡͷġ
ֲѹֹȵܽ˷ͬʱܹ־ѹ
ͬʱ֣̧Ľųٳ޷¡
ҧſ̤࣬£ǰһٴһ֡
ģͣǰȥ£ӿ쵽
ٲѣת۱ȥʱҲľͷҲֻʣѣȴĿǰԿ˷⣬Ϊ
ˡ
Ҳˣ
ǰᶨͼǰȥ
һǿֲѹˣԼѹ
ˮ͸˿ȴ޷߳ˮΪѾԼļˡ
ߣ
ֲĥҽгҧأƺһסˡ
Ȼסҽг飬ȴ޷סֲѹޱȳصѹϣ׵׵Ľѹڵˣ

ӽ棬ҧгݵģԵЩڵ˫ƽͼֲѹǸոճ𼸴߶ȣֱݺѹڵء
һգƣڵ״̬
ֿѹʱ򣬺Ȼһ
ģԣܳɾϴ
һҪסͨ·Ĳ壬ҪĻ֮ģ
֮ģֻҪᣬҸжô;Բڴֹ
ֻǰĪһӰ֮ǰһͨ·Ǹˣ
ǰ
ҧأѵ̧ͷӰ΢΢һ㶣˼
ֻҪԸᣬͲֹڴˣ
üͷ壬һ仰
ߣ
վվ㻹᣿
ӰϸֵЦݣٴλָϣһȡ
վվ
ҾԲᡭ
ٴεᣡ
Ȼ䣬ɫָƽȴبŲƵľ᲻ɴݵļᶨ
ӰµٴθЦݣ΢΢֮󣬱һԣĿתĿ
վվ
վ㡭
롭
вͣظ仰沿ٴŤԵ¡
ֻҧ촽棬һ±㽫촽ҧѪͬʱڵ˫Ȼִһͻļޡ
𼸴ߵʱӿٴξֲѹͬʱֹ
վվ
ֲѹ£һͷҰ޷
˫Ȼ̲סͬʱҲĳŸ
ͬʱ˫ż̤ڵ棬˫˫ͬʱ嶼ھҵĲţֲѹڴ˿ԵǰȫʹҲڴ˿Եǰ
ã
ӰͷЦغһá
֪ܲܿ˷Լˡ
Ӱֹһ¶ȤɫʣʧӰ١
˿̲ûȥӰᶨ־ֻĵᡣ
ģһӽᣬֲѹֱӷ˰뱶Ǵ˿ȴû֮ǰǰͣ£ص̤һ
ĸĥѣѾˣ
ŵڶ
ֻʣһܽᣡ
û˿ԥһ
ɲʱֻתǰĿռ䲻ͣŤչֳľȻɽۣ֮

ɽ֮Ͽŭ𣬹ʯᾣмһʯֱȡ

΢΢һ㶣оԼȫ³徳صʵչ¶ţԭһյָղŵͻƣڴ˿̳
ǵ᣿
ǡ
ɻͫһ˼Ŀǰꡣ
ֻǰֳɽòʣĿע
òȻһģһ
ΨһͬģҲֻɫģ
ɴ˫ۿ꣬ſһż
ǵ᣿
ܿ죬Ӧˣκˡ
Ҳ
ǳ̲
ɲʱһӰһȻʩչ˲Ʈ䡷ͬʱһϯеɽȻ
һ˺ѿżƷϮȥõľȻĲ뽣
еľκ˲ͣţʱڷӦˡ
ǳ̲
ɲʱâɣԡǳ̲Ըǳ̲Ȼ໥ƽ
ӿ˲䱬ֲɽ֮ϯγɾҵķƣɳʯͬʱˡ
岽̧ۿͬ岽꣬۾Դһ˿˼飬Ѿ׹ˡ
ᾹȻǻþ
ҳһģһ꣬ͨĹؼ˰ɣ
ȻɽҲҵʽ
ⲻҪԼԼ𣿡
䣬ٴκˣѾͨĹؼˡ
ҪһԼӵһʵģֻԼʽĻþ
̸ף


181 Լ
ɽۣ֮һģһռͥԿ
ҪҴԼ⡭
꣬вɸеһ
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٩٩̸Ҳھ۾š
ȻЩˡ
ͨ·ľЩη˵ǵһᵽᣬη˵ҽ
̶Ҳһþ
ԼԶȥֻأܹ¼ͦǲ̶
˵ʱЩΪ׽ȫȻĵزûкľ꣬ͻھͨ·
ͬʱҲڵᾡͷʱӰ˵ģֻҪվվ
Ӱ˵ĻʮָӣȴΧһᶨ˵Ƽᶨʮףȴ졣
ң֮Ŀɲֻᶨô򵥣ӣʮֵĸӡ
˴ף
˼ڣû˿飬ȴһɲŭķ緶
ף
ᶨģ
ع͵صͷʮ࣬ڰӵ˸һ˿â
Ǽᶨģ
ᶨģ
Լ뷨ܶԴһᶨֱǰ
뵽ʲôҪʲô
Ϸٸӣپ޴ѹصʱȿǵӦþֵֵá
˼ͷʾû
ѣ᲻õ֮Ĺϵ
ᶨģֱǰΪĿģݣ
һɳ죬벻ᣬȫƾһģ
ϵػصвͣصŴ˻
ᶨģֱǰΪĿģݡ
һɳ죬벻ᣬȫƾһġ
ϸֹͣ仰
벻⣬ֻҪᶨûк·Ϊ
ﵽĿ֮󡭡
вͣΧ仰ᶨΪģģô

΢̧ͷ뿪ѯʼ䣬ȴľӡѾʧֻʣԼѡ
Ĵһ֮̾˿ָֻܿ״̬
ᶨģ
üͷչĬһ仰˫ȭա
͵̧ͷǰټĽݣĿ˸Լδйļᶨ֮ɫٲ̤ȥ
ܿ죬˵ľͷŽǰڵסɢ¶Ľݡ
Ľݣͺ񿴵Լǰ·һд󶨣ڰеļᶨͬʱһ˿
ᣬұ봳ȥ
а¶ģ͵صͷǲã
̧Ųֱ̤ᡣ


185 Ѱ
ǵ𣿡
ĴţͬʱҲڽ䱸ţɲ֪ʲôĥԼ
ΣСĽ䱸ûġ
Ȼţ죬翪ʼ仯
ڵҹյУǳ죬ͬһ㣬ÿһǳ˸ǿҵĹâԼܹ֮ܵЩǳ̺ͨÿһŶ߱޾
ΧȺɽƣλǺɭɭ֣ΧĲݴԼдС
ҹգǳᣬʲô
еĺǳüͷ壬оЩű
ʱǰͻȻһŤһӰƾճ֣Ӱ
ڵȵˣ
ӰĿͣϣ¶һĨЦݣ޾ǵĿһ˿˷ܡ
ң
Ϊεң
仰ʱЩ죬ʵ˿ҲЩ˷ܣмֵ𾴡
΢΢ʩһ
һοӰʱûжΪǰľŴڵĹˡ
ڶڵľͷӰٴγ֣ҵ㲦˳ͨᡣ
Ӱֳвɻ
Ҫʲô
ͷֹһ䣬ܹգıʱӰǰʮ־η
ǿߣ˾Ĵڡ
ˣ񡣡
ǰӰһЦͬʱһ䡣
лǰֻһᾢԼ˫̧漴æл
ᾡͷıֻ㲻
ӰЦͷ˫ָڱվǰһΡɽÿһ仰ؾװƵá
ǰˡ
ûǰļʱ㲦½ٴεڵϡ
⻰ʵڣûе㲦һںأͬʱڰӵһ˿⡣
Ҳ
ǲ㲦Ҳû˵ʲô
һȫԴ֮ģԼԼ
ͫгһ˿Ӱҡͷ˵漴޵Ӽеԡ
㲻ʲô
ڵᣬҵ벻㾹ȻҲͨ
ǰһոճڣӰЩ仯ڶʱеȫʧȡ֮һɲ
⡭仰һʱȻȥ˵ʵİͨġ
һĻĻЩ¡
Щþ˿ûע⵽Ӱı仯
һ˫޾뱻˵۾עŶߣӰǻǿߵϢʧӰ٣ȡ֮һԵĲɣ
ǰ
Ϻ΢΢һ㶣ܵӰı仯ʵЩͷԣȴһСĿںһ
Ӱ΢΢һ٣תǷ鲻Խ¶ʧӰ١
㿴ǳкθо
ֻӰŵЦݣͰףһָǳѯ
˳Ӱָüͷ壬ۿ
ڵҹգ׺ǳһһΨ¡
һ㣬׺еĳǳר־ĿţͬʱҲڸţǸûʲôо
ãջĿ⣬üͷ塣
ǰûпʲôо
ֻҡͷε˵ר־ſһӵʱˣ۾״̬мû˿ҡɾʲôҲܲ
ֻܿӰһֲĿ⿴
ϾǾͨ·ڻĽҰ⣬Ȼ֪Ӱǳ֮٣ҲЩǳ򵥣ȴ֪ʲôܡ
ƾۣȻ޷εȰ
Ӱ΢΢һЦָźǳ˵
Ǻеÿǳ̺ͨİء
λá͸Щأȫƾ˻Ե֮ġ
ȥɣ
ָźǿգһʾǰȥԡ
͵صͷڰӵһ˿ʣܹӰ˵ͨǳ֪
ͬʱͷʱӰ΢΢һЦʧӰ١
ᣬǸ˲ͨĵط𣿡
˵صƿˣ
ĿӰȥֳЦݣǳЩ
ȫƾԵ񡭡
˵Ҫĳǳеİأ죿
䣬ϵЦԣûܹ׻ͨΪǵᣬ͸Ҳһֿ顣
Ǻãұܷʹһͨ
˼֮ȶǳʼ۾ز鿴
ɲǼ䣬ͬУͻԼҲǳеһ㡣
ĿһŵâǳϸĹâͼŽԼǿǳԱ͸
֮ҿ۾ҡҡͷֽĿһͨİâǳ棬һ롭
һ۾֮ٴҵһǳʼĲ͸û˿
ʱţƲȥˮǰҲղ
ȶ۾üͷ塣
Ų͸ЩǳʱڼѡʮǳĽȻȫʧܡ
ÿһǳ̺ͨ
ôʲôҲо
üͷ壬˼Уۿÿǳ̺һһǿͨ
ȴʲôҲûиоʶΪЩǳʮͨûаѾ˵ЩܹͨԵ
ͬҲ˵Щͨûѡ
ǳ£ȶüͷ壬˼þò԰Ρ

Ȼ䣬³һڳڰӵ˸ʡ
ȻѰ֮ͨأǱѰҰɣ
׿ǳüͷڲ֪չͬʱҲһ˿Ц⡣
ղһʽġˡ
ҹգʤǳ̺ͨڷƷͬʱղҲӰ˵ͨ
ͨĸ־˵Щǳ̺ͨжô
̺޾İͨԱһϵľ
һղģǰ߻ܺߣúĸԸ£Ѷѿ֪
ΪԷǾǵ
ǾͿĿǳΪá
֮ջĿ⣬ϵЦҲʧӰ٣ȡ֮ȻޱȵϾ
ҾҪú뷨
͸ȳֵͨС
ɫǳڰӵһɼ᲻ɴݵļᶨ·Ҳ޷סĽŲһ
ֻȶϺڰӣ˫ֽưǰ
뷨̺޾İ˸Ȼһǧ
ոշ뷨붨֮»Ȼȫʶеģ档
ǳʶԵǰСһɨɨӵͬʱҲڹǳĵ𣬷·ܽǰݳһ㡣
͡
һ΢ĸоƵ߰ȻϸֳһĨϲɫ
ˣ



186 ֮ʼ
ڵҹգ׺ʤĺǳżǻʧ֮С
ǳ£ȶӡǰüͷ塣
ʶС
ֻӴϵǰһӰ

ԼǰྪϲϵųЦǰǷ΢оλá
һʮ΢ĸоԺзŴʮ࣬һ΢оյ㣬Ƿ΢оĵط㡣
ֻҪҵ㣬ôҵԼͨ
Ȼ䣬һҪͷ֣˼ƮɣʶеĻж˱仯
ΧǺģеǸ΢о𽥷Ŵ
䣡
˲Ϣ֮䣬ԽǺҪĵطǺ˰
ع֮ܴҪѰ΢оӺζ
Ȼ֮䣬һޱǿͬǰ𵴿壬Ҫҵĸо
ҵˣ

Ȼ䣬ϸһĨϲЦݣæĿŵϷǸܹϤо档
ǵϸʱ򣬲ԭأ֪롣
ӴǻתУͬʱҲڲͣǰţȻ𾪵飬Ӵһͷڡ
ƮŻɫ棬ɫëֻצǳصͣǿϣռݰλã弫Ӵ
˻
ͷڣһ˼Ʈɣ彵
ת֮䣬ȵ档
ھ޴ǰϰСڳҴСԶһСʯͷǰΡɽг֮ơ

ĿԶͷǰСĽڣɼ
Ŀڵˣ棬ʹ֮С
˽ڳ֮ǣ֮أ֮ʼ֮硣
Զ֮еľŴڣȻȴֻʣǹ¶һͷڣÿͬһ㣬絽ΪشԴ
ʲôҲûУݲֻйͺͺĸɽ˹ĻĮ

³һͷȻϸȶȺֲܿ˵ܳܡ
֪̺ͨΪ
ֹһ֮˫ۣ˫һ±ڵ档


֮󣬱붨붨ٶ֮죬ԶԶȻǾ뷨Ĺ͡
붨֮·һ磬ؿռ䡣
䣡
Ȼ䣬رɫƣ˲ڰ
ͷƾճ֣֮ϣ丩
ͺͺĴӲݲڴ˿̣ͺͺĵȴȻȼ棬ض֮ɫ¶ȷ·ڵˮɫؽ죬·һ鱻̿յ塣
еƺûܵӰ죬ȫȴȼճɻҽʤëȼɻҽȵ治ͣǽ˲Ϊ𺣡
ֲҲ׻ʴȼ档
ᶨģֱǰΪĿģݣ
üͷ壬ˮͬ£ӿ֣ȴȻ
ͣ
׻ĺˮɣðɫʵ
¶ȳȻû˿Ӱ졣
ʱš
ػ죬飬ȴʼղҽһֱӽΪҽ
ģԽԽСҲָɫ
˲䣬գʧӰ٣ֻȶ

³һʱĲȴڵסˣëѩƮ¡
̹ǣԭ̵ĵ澹ڴ˿̱ļȱˡ

ž
̹ǵĺӿ潥Ƭض뼫溮ʱ
򣬱סˡ
ڵɿȻǺ˶סˣԴûа˥ӡ
ëѩƮɣγɼѩɽ
䣡
һ޴ض
ѩɽȻѩ˲֣׻һƬˮһͣǰƽ
ѩˣһͷ׺ݵĶǣ֮ݲ
ģֲѩǰǸ߶а֮ߣһǴݲͿ̿
ȻܹܵЩΣģȴ״򲻶
ᶨġ
УͣĬڵʱһ仰ڲͣĬͬʱҲŬĽЩȻΣǡ
ѩ˲佫ûǴʼգȻ
ģѩڻǱѩ˵ȶ

Űֳ޾ɳĮУ˷ŷɥɳǿֲɳء
֮һƬڰֻɳԼȶȻ
罫ɳĮһжݻ٣Ƭɳӣγɳ£ȥ˷·ҪΧסһ
ĿһУֻʣģᶨıģʲôֺʲô飬ڴ˿̶ԵǰȻ
£ɳӽսм䣬һڽӽ
ɲʱĸɳ˲Ϊһ壬תɿȻ·ڴһ
ģĸɳֽʧٴλָƽ˾״̬
Ǻþܿرɫơ
¡¡
֮Ϸ籩꣬ضڲ
䣡
һֱ£˲
˲Ϣֱϣ˲ϯȫԺհһƬŵΧ涼һ˿ѷ졣
䣡
Ȼ䣬ֱ֣£һ˲Ƭʡ
ŭ׵罻ӣˮˮˣ·Ҫûһ
׵˲ҺĻڵ棬ĿĴӱȱȽǣǱ˺üʮΣɿȻ
ˮɽͷһ߸ǶˮĻ˲к£

ɲǼ䣬ˮˮް㽫˹ȥȴʼղ˲ͱˮûźˮͣӿߡ
û˿Ӱ죬ᶨġ
ģٴηƽ˾
䣡
ܿ죬һȻֺˣضɽҡ춯أضڲǵ
Ȼ䣬ɽѣɽ̵ҽռݴأŴѷ졣
Ĵ󲿷嶼ҽ֮Уζֱĥȴʼûвҽг
ضɽҡɽѣɽҽ
⻹û꣬ʺȻŤһʯ䣬ըڵ潦ҽɳʯ
ʤʯٴγУЩʯЩȻΣһȫڳ塣
һΪ׵ױѿ׵罻ӣ뱩ٴϮ
ȥȻΣˣЩΣͣĳ塣
Ӱȴʼһһʯǰ㣬Ȼ


187 Դ
ȶǰû˿һĻĻֵغû˿Ӱ졣
뷨ʼնڽţڲ򣬲ЩֵغİأЩ֮
֣ġ
ģ֮ģΪҪ
֮ᣬԴΪƵҪĴڡ
ɽıȽᣬԺкȻЩ
䣡
ը춯صһ׹ֱ£˲Ϣͷ˼ȴû˿ҡҲûյ˺
͡
ҽŴأǿֲȳ̶ȽǽظʴҲ⣬屻յƤȻ޷ҡļᶨ
ĳѾ׺ΪᶨӰĵ㲦Ҳڴ˿ףηʹ࣬η

ŭ׵罻ӣˮһǰӿ˺ʾ
ԣ
ɽѣʯط·𼴽Щֵغ߽һ㡣
䣡
ܼʯƮŻ棬ڵ棬ӣɳʯһδεı߽⣬
Ȼֺδϣʱ޿̲ڳԺ壬·ֹ򣬲͸ַ·ڸᣬһڿļᶨ
ͨЩȻֺʱ޿̲ڽž뷨һȻֺ
ڲ֪УҲûз֣ʵûߣǾ뷨ȴһһεţ߲һȻԶպݸֹмô
䣡
ѣȻΣ˲ݵ£߳ǰ㣬ͣĺ
Ȼ䣬Ȼ۾ڰųδйʣЩȻΣĻ˲ػָƽ˾״̬һжǰ㾲ס
ûпʲôԼ֮ģּᶨ·Ҳᶯҡһ˿һ
ͬʱǰһͷӴڣչƱգû˿仯һʱ
û˿ҡ˫ĿֻϣԼǰδеҲָġԴ
ԺУһ뷨ĳֵĹɡ
һֱԴĹɣƺԴԽڡ
Ŵڣͬʱչᣬھ֮ϣĦ˼䣬ԣƬ񷡣
ľ뷨ƺûʲôĿģݳһӲ룬ǶŹ
š
ؿ٣ֳ־޸ƿأ֮Դ
һͷ¶Ľڰ졭
౬޴ս
ͷںճ

ĪĻ棬Ժг֣û˿
ǰ֮ʼս֮ΧƵıͷڣһ˫۾·ܹһУأǰ
һ˫۾·Ǿ뷨
ĸľ뷨飬
Ȼ֮䣬ھ뷨⽥ݳĻ治ǰ㵥·ܹһǰز
һĻ棬ֱָڱԴ
У֮ͨŵ֮ͨԴӵ뷨Žڵ뷨Ҳ֮
ģ·һͷĽڣӵľ뷨
֮ǰֻ򵽾뷨ȴ֪аأ˿ȴ͸ˣ͸İأȡͻԽչ
֮ǰȻֺͬʱֹ鹦֮ģʼնڼżᶨıġ
ҿ۾ڰû֮ǰһ˫âȴ棬Լ

ͨ·ߵ㣬һڴϼ⡢ơɾһ㡣
⡭Ӱϵվճ֮أ˿ȴʧ̬ˡ
Ӱһ˫ܹصĿ⣬͸ͨ·Ⱦİϡ
ԭΪϣܹ򣬵Ҿûǿ
ǸոȡͻƵİ꣬Ӱһ˫ޱǵĿ⾹ǳһ˿𺳡
ӣϣ
ϵӳһ˿ЦݣӰɸ̾ȥ
ҾȻӵδ
ڱ䣬ڱ䡭
ӡ
ǰ꣬ӰȻϵӾչ¶ϲ֮ɫͫ˸˷ܵĹâ

Ȼ䣬ӰЦӵпֲˣڴ˿̼ޱ˷ܵļ
֮ţ֮Ű
ӰȫޱǵĿо˷ܵĹâק˫ȭҵĲţ·Ϊǧġͨ·е˷ܣͬʱҲڴš
Ը⣬Ӱܹһ˵ǰȴû֮ǰ԰۹⣬ޱȵ𺳣ͬҲޱȵ˷ܡ
£ϣˡ
仰ӰѹͣԼš


188 
ǳĳž޴棬ӴĽӰգǳ棬ͬһҳ㡣
뷨Ȼ˿ֲ
׵ĺǳ£۾ڰӵһ˿𺳣ͬʱҲһ˿ϲ
ģеʧȥϲռ̧˫ֲעţϳһ˿ϲЦݣԭΪ뷨Ѿʮֲֿû뵽ھȻͻƣ
ңһо뷨ܹ촽ϵЦã̧ͷǰͫгһ˿âͨᡣҲӦΪҴ򿪣ұȥܷٴҵľ뷨һͻưɣ
Χǳʼʧǰ·Ľٴչֳ֤ͨͬʱҲ֡
ǰı任д󶨣ʱ̤ȥҪȥᣬܷþ뷨ٴͻơ
ȴ֪˿뷨Ѿﵽδйľ磬ǧͬ򵽾뷨ܹ˳ڵڱԴȴ֮١
˵ǧ൱뷨̵һˡ
Ȼȴûз֣˿̵һ̰Ĳ̬Ҫþ뷨ٴͻƣ봳ᡣ
ܿ죬ľͷ
ǰǰ·ͬ˿̵Ҳ޷ֻ̤Ż֪һ羰
ǰĵڣֻһ̤ȥ
̧ű롣

ͻأ䣬һºֳζɶסջȥĽţһ
ֻǰձãһƻâתţɢɫʣͬʱâתͬʱҲһ۵Ӱ֣âɢȥӰչ¶⡣
μǰ
Ӱæֱȭֹ
ˡ
ӰĿ⺬Цּֽ
û뵽ͨᣬҶ򵽵ĲͨǾ뷨ʵ
ֻӰµӹ𵭵ЦݣǵĿһ˿˷ܣȻûдľϲӦ
ǰˣ˴ã´ο˵ܲ򵽡
ͬһ˿Ц⣬ЦΪӰΪ뷨ͻԽչ
պԾ뷨˵ľʽѰҳƽİ취ĳڴڴԼѧϰʽ
ͬʱ˵ʱҲһӰĵᣬҲڴŵôһǷٴζʲô
봳᣿
ӰϵЦû˿仯Ѿע⵽Ķˡ
û˿ԥ˵ͷʮ档
СӰûκԥ˵
һ㶣űȭǷѯʵΪʲô
ڵʵܹᣬóȻǰȥʮ
ӰȻػصȻǲԸ⿴óȻȥģϾ򵽾뷨İˣڵʵûдﵽʸǳ⣬Ƕ˵ɾˡ
仰һʱס
Ҫ̤ᣬҪͨϵʵӰ˵֣ء
лǰѣǡ
ıȭ˵ͬʱʼ״̬
ҵʵֻ徳أʹþ뷨ʱƣ룬Ժֱ仯
״̬֮ԵͷɶӰӾ壬ͬʱҲڲ²ݣǰߵûѯʡ
ãԼ֪㹻ˣ
µӽӰһЦӰʧӰ١
Ӱȥ١ǿ
㶵ĿӰʧλã
޷ᣬҲֻȻԺˡȽָ˵΢˼д󶨣æ¡
ȶ۾ӡпʼĬž뷨ǰƿʼ
ճ֮أͨ·ȻŨԸոͻƵľ뷨ָʵˡ
ֻǹ磬ȫֹȥ
Ʊãٶȷɿ죬ȫʤë״Ŵϡͬʱʼһһ䣬ĳĽࡣڸĽͨޱȣһ˳Žȥ
ʹļ·½ϵµõˮԴһ㣬ϸһ˿˿ʼԾë׿ʼžһűɵĿ³
˲Ϣ֮䣬Щ̺õĹȣֱܿŨĿȱ
ģָǰŨ٣õһЩһҲû֮ǰʹƣľҲ

ãҿڰӹ˫âһ˿·еʶˣȻһ£·һ޾ĺڶ˱ݽһ
ʱԺˡ
泯ĳ򣬿˵
һ£´ν֮ͨȻأ
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ᵽһ谭Ѿ޷ѵɾʹӾͨ·ˡ
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ɨһȦûпԺӶУ΢˼Ȼˣ̤šƮ䡷Ժķȥٶȷɿ죬ӰʧããҹУ·С
ҹڷߣѹѹڵס¹⣬Χڵֲָ
һӰܹҶҳ
ͬһʱ䣬һ޵ĺӰӹϢǰŸߣӰϽŸϡ
ΪΣܸо˫۾ҡ
üͷ壬Ӧȫں󷽣Ǹûа㶯Ǳһ˫۾ŵĸоȴԽԽǿҡ
϶ˣ
Ȼ䣬ĿԼĸоܹϢԼˣʵ϶ǷȻҲӦ
϶Լ뷨ٶӿ죬һᵽߣ޵ٶȡ
вҲ
ٶţͬʱҲʼڽֻһз߲Լµ㿪һͬʱ˱¶
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ǰһźۣڽĺ˵·м䣬һ˫Ŀ絶УɨϣܵԼһͷѪ޸סһ
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ͺȳͬʱ߾衣


189 ɱ
ҹڷߣ˫Щ˴˵ݣͻ˶ղǰ׶ԷǴӾͨ·ͿʼԼˣ֪˽ġ
ǵѣڸղѾֳˡ
ĿһʱһεĽ뵶â˫Ŀⶼһͷ͵ޣסĸо˰ѵڲϣ쬵ġ
ͨһǿߣһս򵥡
ڵĻԭУۿŶԷһ֪һսļѡ
ȻˣȻ壬ֻǾվ˫ֱǰ
ԷеĴ󵶳ɱ¾֮ʵͨǿߣȻͨһǿߣȴͨͨһǿҪǿϲ٣֪һսǰǰɣ˵Ǹɽս
Щͷһ֮䣬ת˲ţԷҲڴǰߡ

Ȼ䣬Ǻ˵ĿĲмһ徳ص˻ֵӣ˵˲䣬һ͵ɱ˲䱬
⾹ɱķľԱĸоԷǿ
ͨң
Ȼ䣬һȣͬؾףը˲佫׵Ļԭȼһս
ֻһɿֲͬͻһԾ𣬳Լ˹ɳʯŭ򵥵Ʋ޾ɱƤ·ƤָоͺһԼˡ
һʩչͨˣҪ¾ˡ
аͬʱ߶ȼƬ̲и
ֻǰĺ˻󵶣ݺᣬӰ˸ޱ޼ʵĺڰâɢ·㽫ͬʱ˲䱩ĵնƿ
ӿƺȻֲĵĳһʱͻȻռ䶼һ㣬Ƿд󵶵ĹâٴʱռƷʼ޷ƽ·Ϊֲĵһ㡣
һΡ˺Ȼں˵ͬҲڻŵһɹϯ̣ⷭ
䣡
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˿ֲĵ⣬üͷ壬ӭ裬޷Զҷ
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Ȼһײûзֳ·硣
ǽ뵶γԲ׶֣ڻڻײС
䣡
һοֲĺը𣬽뵶ͬʱɢֲٴ˷ϯȥ̳죬ɳʯǽ򶷵Ķ赲סˡ
˵ŷֱһס岻Լͬˡ
뿪棬ڿס壬ʱ岽ŽжǺ˽ֻһ
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˿ӿ϶Ǳڵˣ֮ѰҲΪĵԺԼͨ·Ÿǻᡣ
ҵ˭ԭǱڵˣǷͨ·ɱңҲʧ
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ʵҪҪͣȫսϧˣܸɵˣɽһӡ
ߣ
ֻдһߣ·ǺڻӦݡ
Ȼ䣬ŭЩƮڿлƮĳ˲ֿһƿճϮ֮һֱѷ죬߶
úð
˿壬ӭͷֱϣһɨ̤֮أ֮ȫޣֲƴ磬ŰŴ׺΢΢ʲôˮһ
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һ͵̧ͷȥĿֲ̺ɱ
Ǹ˵ʱ˲佫˵ǰ··һһǰա
Ϊ˾뷨ѾﵽͻԽչղͬľ뷨սĪơ
Ȼ䣬ǺҲĿͶɱӯͬʱһ˿޵𾪡
˶ţͫеɱսڣղһϸ߿գ˸ռһڿж
ҵҪǰ˵ˣǷʵ֣
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εĽУѾԺ˵ʵ˽⣬֪߲ͨͨһǿߣӵеսͨǿ߻ߡ
ȻǰεĶУԷȾϷ磬о뷨ܹ칥Ȼ֪ܷ񽫶ԷɱԱǾûġ
ߣƻڴƣ㲻Ҳ
ʼδĺˣȻڴ˿ԣʾ
Ц˵Ϊ˼һ
ֻеͬʱ֣⽣Ӱݺᣬ˫ֳźâĵʼ͹ʹ
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䣡
ŭ𣬵泾ŰѷٴӿΪϷһνзֳһʤ
ҧɫ΢䣬ֻһɿֲԼŴűУԼʧȥս
ԡһ
Ȼ䣬ȳûкˣڽǰּӳһС
ӿ˲ĻڱУΧ˲ءı
Ľֲĵ⣬Ȼըɫ΢ףܵȫѪӿһԪڡ
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ҧ峯󷭹ȥ˫ڵ棬ӲӲʵĵȳһĽӡסġ


190 ʵ

ţɫ΢ףָֺܿٶȿƿֲ
û뵽ڵӻսȫͨһǿߣӦø߲Ŷԡ
ǰȻĺˣ۾˵вͺܴڱֳսַͬ죬òҪһ£ӦԲС
˵沿ڽڸǣֻ¶һ˫ֳɱ۾ͬʱһ˿
ֻǣǱڽסӣȴû¶˿ĸ飬ֻ޾䡣
˶˼ŶԷսϵ⣬ɱҲڴ˿ֹͣ
Ȼ֮䣬˵ĿͬʱײһƾеȻ
ôûй͸ϢѵˣʲôֶΣУΪǿ
ۣһ⡱˵ʵͺǿˣʲôֶΣʱɾǱذˣǰû˿ԥĳ˳ȥ
սپ
ۣݵĿⶢͬҲºҪˣʲôֶΣԥس˳ȥ
˻Ľ⣡
Ȼ䣬ȳеɽ͵زɫâգҫ۶ĿͬʱΧ˲䱩̳̤һ涼ھҵĲš
죡
ͬһʱ䣬ҲдųɫâװεĴڴ˿̾ͰԵ
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Ŀݣɱӯ˫ֳֵԳԵǷĿֲƣԼȴһ˿Ϣ⼫ЭĴڴ˿ųɫʣƿֲ˹
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˿ֲ籩ȴԳսУΪǵʽƣ
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һУþ˶ļ⣬δֳʤҪĿֲߣҪ˭Ƚ˽⣬ǰߡ
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˶ֲĹԷߣԼƹֱ
ֻ˵̶һȥˣȻ޷ʵе뷨ԵӭС
ͬʱͫһӭֱϡ

ײų𻨣ӰƮƮһһңӰβһ㣬ҪöԷۻңֲǸ
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䣡
ͫһкĪûѡ˵ĻһӲˣ̫Сˡ

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һĿֲ˲ں˵ϣ漴ҽһߵķݵɶ
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аϲæὣ׷ȥ
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Ĳ㣡
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۾ɶ˼ּɵûѡˣֱǰնɱߵĻᣬԲܷŹġ
Ϊһ˺˴ĻᣬôҪˣ
ˣҪġ
⣡
Ȼ䣬Ӱǰĺ˼ȥٶĿ죬ͬʱеɽҲʼҲ
ͨң
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ֻȻһͷɫϻȫ֮ǰʩչͨһͫ׷Ŵ󣬶Щֵܲ죬һֱǰᶨɱбġ
ս˲ȼյȵĶ㣬Ӳʵĵڴ˿̱ôѷ֩һ㲻ͣӿ·һ㡣
ӿ籩Хյķƣն
еֻĺ˫âԼ˵ķˣһͷɫϻ
ɣ
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䣡
һоʤǽսٻغΪֲһײ
𣬾Ҳѷ첻ͣӷ·޿ֹһӿ޴籩Χ̹ģһƬ
ԼֻܹǸ˵ͬʱɶڵ档
ۣ
ڵ棬ȫѪӿɫɷף˲³һѪæͳһŵҩ븹Уɫ͡
ֻؿڣɫ΢ףԪ޸˲λ̵һߣҪǺǻ
ģɢչ¶һҲ̶õĳѷ֩Ҫܼ·ȥͻһ
ûעЩҪǽǸǻĽ
ģǸɵڵĺ˳ߵУаԶ
˾£ܹ󣬵ȫĺؿʱȴԭˣĿǺƿĺۣ¶ϣĴڴ˿Եޱȴۡ
Ժˣŵӣ


191 ̿
Ժű־
ĮԭУͷɢԭأĿתĿŰ֮⣬ϵԺ־
Ȼ䣬û˿ԥĳǰӶȥٶȷɿ졣
ڱԭĺȻʧȥԴݽŴͫ׾Ѫ˿
ɱҵģǱڵӣǡ
Ժŵӣ
˿̣˾κˣĿбӵĶźؿϵԺӱ־۾¶һ˿𾪡
ѵұ¶ˣɱҵģ
ضԺŵӵı־üͷ壬˼С
ܣնɱɽʱû°ۼ
վѾ˵ĺԣҡҡͷš
ɱɽ˲Ǳڣץ²Ҳ鵽˿ǲҵɱɽ֤ݣҲ鵽ɽڱڵеġ
˼Уüͷ壬ʼһһز²
鵽ǱڵΨһɾҸʦ֡
ڰ˸ŹâٴνĿϣûȥҿڽΪѾ֪ߵˡ
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üͷûɿȻۣȻоԼԺĴʮΣա
ƵԺһͨŵӣȴԺϣʵֲɱиְֶζԸֱǷǰߡ
Ȼⲻ˱ɵķݣұӦøСĲźãĪҪץסᣡ
ۣͫһ˿ΣյϢ˿вûҪԸǣҲԸˡ
պ˸Լָɱ
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óЩۣͬʱд󶨣Ŀںϡ
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;棬ڻԺС
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ЩĻ쵰Ȼ˵Ժд̣
ɲãڵĵʦˣ
ߣԽԽˣڵĵԽԽˣ

Ϊӽһ˶ѲͣţЩʢ˸Ǳ뺷ĴĶȻǱڣԭǱڵǱԺдԺӡ
վһߵʼնţЩＤңڣ׷׶ԱڵΪеܡ
ԽԽľκˣʦ֣Ȼ⵽ڵӵдˣ
ЩһΪǱڵӣȴ֪еΣΪڼʱ֮ǰνġڵдһ¡
˿̵Աüͷڰ˼ţɲΪɺϡ
ͬʱҲ΢΢һȻҲ⵽Ļˣֻ벻ֵľȻǱڵӡ
Ѳɣ￪ʼڵˣ
Ӧò̫ܰɣܿ죬ҡҡͷۡ
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˵ʵЩ̽˴ɱߵΪͻỳɵԼϣһɵںˮ̷ԵǶʱ䣬Լɵ顣
ôѾǺ֮ˡ
Уȥʦ̽̽ڷ磬֪ã֪Ļ鷳
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ûῪڣſڲʱüͷͬʱ˼
ԺʱѾڵӽ𡭡ʦܻڵӽɱ᲻ΪǰЩʦֵ˴ݻٶկһй
΢΢ҡͷüͷ壬۾ȴȻһۣջĿ⡣
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᷿в̸ͣ飬ȻΧڴɱһ£̸ʱһʱֱҹǲͣ
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ʦִ˴Ĵɱŵӣıڵӡ˵Ӧûûлɵʦͷϣǲſʼ²ңҽ̽
㣬һԾɣӰʧããҹɫС


192 
峿ȣָغܺá
ʦֱչˣ
һЩԺۣҲЩ졣
һֱһһںߵӦҲ²⵽֡
ʦֱչܹĻɣҲʵҲã
ûж룬ܿҲȻˡ
ҲҪץУֻҪͻͨҲͿȥͨ·ǵᣬҲԽԺ
̧ͷɢůԵ̫ڰӵ˸һ˿â¶һ΢Ц
ţҪȥʱСԺſȴļˣǰߵλѡ
磡
ֵܣ

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ôˣ
΢΢һ㶣˵ͷ罭ʵ
㻹֪
罭ǰ˶һһߵģͬʱҲڲĿ
΢΢һ㶣û˵ֻͶȥĿ⡣
󣬽ҪԺԺѡΣһһνԺĻᣬԺӶȥƴˡ
ֻڤ΢΢һЦǰվڷ罭Աߡ
ûԺӶƴ׼ڰſ˵һչɣȻ£
ɫϾȻҪڰԺ˵ųĹʡ
ţһȥÿԺǰͿԵԺɽ˽ˡ
ţ¶һЦݣĹȻȸջĿ⡣
ҪٰԺѡˣ
һ㶣¶Цݣڰӵȼһս𣬽Ժÿ˵ջ󣬵Ƕǰ˵ܵԺɽֿԸԺӱԣǺܲһʽ
Ժ궼Ҫڿжɹˣ
ֻ촽˵ܵԺɽǿ϶һǧ
˷׷׵ͷͫжһ˿ս
²˳٣ǻ㵽ԺɽλòУȻζλöûУ
ϵЦɫʮϾĳĶ˵
ãǱɣ
ٺ٣Ǽ˭еԺɽ
Ṧô˭Ҫȣ
ĵͷ󣬷׷׿ʼжһ·ϻЦ֣ٶȴû˿
Ժɽɽϵʮĵ㣬ѾŨҺˣŨ̶ȴһһǧܳ˵βõˣҲӲͻͨ
ǺɽɽǵǿԳĳǰҪٰԺѡῪš
ȻĿţԺӶԽģֻǰԺӲʸҿŵʱҲǺܾãֻ졣
ԿʮѵãÿӶֶ룬Ҫ쵱ȡشͻơ
ɽɽϿյȻ񰡣
Ϊ׵һ˵ȷ׷Ժɽ̧ͷۼеŨɷ׷׼
ŨǸϽȥɣ
û˵ѾǰԺӵˣʱֻ찡
ǿ߰ɣ
Χ罭ԵʮżкҪȥЦЦһߡ˵ٶȳӣ쵽£ɽȥ
Ժɽɽϵˮ˵ĽΪҺŨۼ㣬ҲԺܹŵӵԭ֮һ
Ȼвˣ
׵壬˵еһɽˣ˷׷׳ָǰ߲Ŀȫǰ
ɽϷƽϴ󣬻ݲʮïʢвλһɿ
ĺˮͬˮ͸Ǳɫȥܼ滹Ʈ˿˿ƵͬʱϻʤţţٸУЩžλãɻһ
Ҹλ°ɣ
ɨһۣ˵˷׷׵ͷ
ϵѾвˣӦˣҲкܴĲеʮ꣬еǶʮ꣬еʮӡ
ǽǱ۾ٶȸвͬеɷеٶƽеĿٶƽյȴǾڡ
ܿ죬Ѱҵǵţٶȷɿ죬ˮ˲Ϣ㵽һϣ¡
û뵽ϵŨȻԶˣ
мһȫë׵õһ˿ĸоʮ泩
ŨȻæųʼ
൱ѵá


193 
ԺɽɽϣŨͬ籩ĴǻƼǳӭ裬չ¶ɫ
ϵĳϣȶ˫ǰڳӡʱãٶȷɿ죬һֻۻңʲôҲ
ʱֻ죬±㿪ʼȻһǧ
۾գпʼ˼
Щ˾ڸղŸٶȻǽȴġ
ΪΪأɹͨ
˿̱ڳΪٶȼӿ졣
֮
ۣظĬһ仰ͼΧ˶ųȥųԺ䣬ͼֻԼԼء
ģһ΢״̬ղŻܹӦΧˣ˿ȴģ
ʱѵһ裬ΪЩ˵ϢޣʶҪ۾ȥȡ֤Ƿڡ
۵ʱҲ״̬ʱΨмᶨһģţͿԽ״̬
ȻܹļᶨѾھͨ·ˣܹᶨһģͣһ·ǰţ·ͨ
ʱƣת۱ȥһӡ
˿̣׽һֺ״̬ԺûˣֻԼء
״̬˼뱾ӦüᶨһģǴ˿ԺȴܻԾΪãԽи˼
ѾͨȫѨλֻʣˡ
УЩ˷ܣԺ壬ǰӡʼ
ʮָٶȷɿ졭˫ʳָһֻһʳֱָָ񷡣
ָȻɢһĹâʳָǱɫʳָǻɫ
һһˣڴ˿ȴΪǢںһˡ
ĺƽ˿ȴһһһ΢Ľ࣬ӦƽŨʼΧ
ԼпԿȫë״󿪴ϣ˿˿Ƶľ˳ë׽ڣŹ壬Ž
ֻͨˬ̶Ȳͻʱе泩֮С
սڵȸյʱӦĻҪŨȫͨޱȣٶҲ֮ǰˣ
ϸаϲæʼ
ָһֵ״̬ٶȱ֮ǰĸףŨѾﵽΪҺ״̬Ȼɿ졣
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ʱüͷȴͬʱΧ۾Ժȫ״̬лصʵ
ӦΧܹӦеʮ׺ڶţȻڴ򶷡
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˹΢΢һЦЦ绨
λãǶһ𣿡
΢΢һ㶣üͷ壬æƫ׽ĿͶ䵽λãʮԺںϻ֣ûʹʲôǴȴʮֻͣǵϸ΢ûˮĻʲôƻ
ߣƾҲҪλ
һһֱȭͷԺ
˵ǲ㲻ѵǣҲǲߣɱҲ棡
ЦԵʮɣԺ˰벽ȾϷ硣
˶Ժǰӣȫ徳أôһʵǷǷȻֻ̤ͨˡ
ӵ̸Ҳʲôޣλá
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ľʵǷ˴һϷ
˼ҴôҪǸһֻ̤ͨǻȥλø𣿡
˵Ĳλһǧﰡ

Ժһۺ첻ҲȥλֻΪʵǿҲֻԶԶΧ۵ķݶˡ
λãλã
ԺǵĬŷ⡣
ҿ쿴ĺˮǱɫģλá
λõĺˮɫģҲ˵Ũ̶ȱŨ
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ҲֺˮʱΧķ罭ڤ˽ԴЩȣֻǰû˵
ʮɵĺˮǱɫģŨ̶Ѿʮֲˡ
λȴΧλãԽˮɫԽԽλɫڣҲʮΪĵλá
ʮĵ㣬Ũ̶ȿ֪
ǰʮһֻ̤ͨˣѹֻôƴ
ϸϸĴԼΧλãĵ㣬в׹
ԺĻҪͨһصʵЩλýеļʮλãҲҪ˾ͻƵͨΪͬڰֻ̤Ժ
˭λõţ
ܿ죬һɧˣǸΪ׵˴ȫʤֱӽǸҪľһ˴ˣȻѡλñȽϽӽţҲȥᡣ
һɧĻӭǸ͵λõս
ߣλóȻݹֲ֪أ
ҪλãֵǣȺ֪Сˣ

˾޴սЩλõĵǣȫǳȺӵһСӣǵʵҲǸ죬Ӷ徳أٵȻ徳ء
ЩֺЩʵĶ޷Ҳˡ
˶ԹЩĵǣȻﲻ죬Ҳ˵ʲô
ЩˣӦ徳һʤϴ󣬵ȴкܶ徳ص궮úϻ󷨣ӲʵǿĶ˳ȥ
˵ȫȥСʤЩŵĵǶ˳ֻ˶Ρ
ģսĻˣЩͨ죬ȻҪθըˡ
ɹסλõСֱּӽ˴ˣҲϾȥսˣԴԭλ
ڽˡ
Դ˸еʮΣҲҪȥἸλֻû
ע⵽𣿡
Ȼ֮䣬罭ۣλá
ʲô
΢΢һ㶣ղŶעս棬ҪպĶжǿûע⵽ʲô
˵λãǸĵš
΢΢һЦʱǴЦݡ
ĵ㣿
ڤһ㶣˽ĿͶȥֱӴӰ϶ĵλ档


194 
λãʮĵ㣬ţ꣬ΧɫƣʮֵŨ
ȫǰֻ̤ͨˣڸղŵսиû˿ݣ۾ûУԼܹܵٶȿ쵽ˣ·ʱͨһ
ǿһСӰ
ҲۣĶظо⼸˲򵥣Ժʱ仹ûԺӡ
ղ⼸һֱǵսû˸ȥսǣλǵģ
罭¶࣬Ŀһֱϴ
һûжٷӦģڤʮ֣ء
ֻеЩ˼飬Ϊ֪˭罭˵˵仰׹
λʮ󣬿϶Ժⰲŵġ
ٴοˣǸԺǿ׼ģû˸ǰսҲ˵ˡ
ǰԺǰӣ˵츳Ժǿˣ
ڤǣͫԿһ˿ս
ǶˣҸ˻жʤ㣿
ۣа룬ȻŵλĶˣҪȥʲôԺǿ˵ͷΡ
Ͼžȥͨ·ᣬĵλǿ϶ܹ̲ʱ䣬㲻ܹͻƣҲֱӳһŵĵز
ۣ˼УԵǰһۣЦ绨״̬罭ȻҲٶȴû֮ǰô졣
ƽ˾Ҳûս鷢һֱڳ˼
Ȼ䣬˼е¶һЦݣֻ촽ת״̬ˡ
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ЦЦĿЩ״̬ĺǣ䲻˵һ䡣
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磬ҪȥսǼ𣿡
Ц绨۲ת·Ŀ·Ҳ벻һ
ʲô
΢΢һЦЦ𣬶Ǵʼȥ˿һƺһ
˼֮ԼһȽϣĽ˵ƾУԶԸһ罭Ҳԣ
Ϊ֪ʵǿĹǿԶԸˣڲȷҲֻƾС
սȻһݡ
΢΢һЦһ紵һ˿Եʫ续
Χ罭˿ͫжһ˿ս
룬Ҳ룡
֮ȷȻǷ飬гȻս׼
ҵȻˣӻǾ֮ҿǺþû㲢սˣ
ţӹһЦͷͬ顣
һ
ֻڤԿ۾еսΪǿҵġ
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΢΢һЦڰӵ˲ȼһŨҵս𣬻δ䣬תһԾ߸Ծ
ƮƮĵں棬ѵˮһ㣬˲Ϣ׷ϵ࣬ٶȱһ¡
罭˶˲Ծ𣬲ٶȷɿ죬˲Ϣ֮
ڤҲϣ˱һУм䡣
գںϣϸ΢
󷽵ķ罭վһŵϣǵĵ㣬ˡ
һɼսϢϯЩ״̬Ժǣ·ŵһϢ׷۾˹
ɲʱԺǵĿȫ۵λãϵʱ˲仩Ȼ
ǽԺǰɣǳıӵˣȥսǣ
ǲΪʵǿǿǰһذ
һЩȲҪôе˴˵ģ
ͿһϷˣһǰĿɣʱ˵
Ժʮܶ˶ʶͬҲкܶۺˣЩЦĵǺ޲ǰ߱е˺һ١
֮⣬һЩ˿ɫһ䣬бһ϶֣
߿ߣǲǵ˰
ǵȥȻȥˣ
Ҳȥ

ΧλýϽɫ΢䣬æкͬ뿪
ʮ徳˾صľӢ׷Χȥ⵹ЩЦ˵Ժסˣٴολá
ںЩܲˣЦݣǰеһ
վԣû
ûж罭ȻҲûʲôֻվһԾĿţͫжһŨҵս⡣
˳սĿעŸеˣȻܹȴû۾
ֻеϢƽΧǣҲЩ
ȻʵǷ
۾аֹĿбӵĿžеĸУΪǰ֪ҪԵǿˡ
ͬʱҲΪ֪ǰеѾϣҪǳȥ϶ᱻҧһڣڲܶҪҲһɱ
ɽ׼ˣɵ˺ܾãҪڼۿԼ
ʱǰĸкȻ۾ĿԨ㣬һ㵨սľâһǳ俴һȫ
һֱûб仯ɹһеЦݡ
ģΧҲ۾һĿ絶аݺݹ˵ϣ˸оһͷˮ޶סһ
Щ˾ԺǿˣҲһЩʵǿԺսǣǸûаܹһΣսĵȴˣв˱ֱӷϵ
ԺӶеΪΣ˻ȫ·ߣ̧ͷһ۵ҲûС
ȻЩЦˣôҿ˵
ǡҪλã
ŵĸ۾һ˫ƱĿϣҲ֪ʲôˣ¶һ˿Ц
ڸ￴ûȥ鷳Ͳˣû뵽Ǻˡ
ûλÿɡ
΢΢һЦû˿仯
ÿЦ
Ȼ䣬е˵Ŀ˲һɹɿֲϯ˲ŰЩʵϵ͵ĵɫ΢΢һ䣬Щ֧š
ʼ磬ǰһͬʱҲţŷ罭Ҳǰһ˵ϯ·šһγһɿֲе˷ͥԿ
ʮ˳Ʈ裬޷ԶԽԽˮĻ
˫Ŀ·𵶽һεпʼɱ
ѹֵĿҪըЩսĵӲ֪סգҲգĿһĻ


195 Ժ
ӿ籩һ˲ϯƯڿ·Ʊɫȡ
ĵӶĿתĿǰһԼеˣռѹ֣˺ֻǵλõˡ
Źţѷָߵ͡
ղЩЦĵĿɿڴ°ͶһأޱȺڸղΪʲôҪЦ
ߣʱ䲻࣬ǾʹʲôҲûУȻҵȲɽǣ
һǳĶŴͷû˿
˵λǲԸÿλˣ
ǰһĿбӵĶŸУʮƽȴӿһսڻС
˵ʵʶǣǾڸղѾһ
ǳЩʵԺ޼ɵĸһˣȻǰĻ㲻
㡭
Ȼ䣬ŭ죬Ҫ˵ʱ򣬱㱻ϡ
ȻˣҲֻһսſԷֳˣ
ɲʱĿһս˲ԭƾе˲䷭תе˵ֱӱǰߵ˵ѹס
սһѹֵҲը
ֻ㣬̤šƮ䡷žеĸг˹ȥӰ֣س֣β㡣
ͬʱų֣ƮƮģ使ȴһ׺
罭ڤһԲֱӳ֣Ŀꡣ
һ½ӱ޼ɵնҪǺÿ
ӣҵǰλãҽ첻һʱŪ
ߣõǲݹֱٽִݻ

һ˵ͬʱҲøеȥˣ׷վͫгɱ⡣
Ժ棬е˿˵û˸ǵģ˸ôǰȶǳ֣˵ֱܴ裬ŭģһҧгݡ
ͬһʱ䣬Χû뿪Ժɫһ䣬Ҳ׷Χȥٶȥ±ⳡս
徳ؾ͸ǰҫĪҪΪԺЩͷͿʦֵҪ̽ʲô𳤣
˲ʮֶٶο죬Ŀܸϡ
ʦܱʦֽ̼У
ҲˣЩϷˣĿһͷ͵ޣֱӿеڡҸ¡
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ɲʱһâ˲еɽͬʱ׳һһͷˮް㳯Ÿ˹ȥˮĻŨҲγһɿֲķƣŭ
ߣţ
˿壬ֱ㽫彣˳ӭϡ
䣡
˫ӵ˺ݺײһһɿֲ˲ϯֱһˣ˷ݺ˹ȥ
Ľӵһֱӽ徳صӱЩԶԶۿԺɫ΢䣬æͷܰĴȥ
ͬһʱ䣬罭ҲеײһײšһͨǿʩչʽನҪֲ
ЩӸľǿȫûʲô׼ನôͻȻҲֻжķݣȻһನопܵˣЩӲԸ⿴һĻ
λ˳ȥЩԵôݲȣȴκˡ
Ҳ֣ԭܲмںչֳʵȫ徳ҪҪ徳صսǿ⵹Ǵʧɫ
˶֪ܹԽսȴû֪ܹԽսֱӽһͨǿ߻ܡ
ûнʵ¶ΪڵĴΣգԶ֪˫۾ҪǱ֪ʵôӻԼ
ҪȻֵ¼ôãʮоͿȫ㶨ˡ
Ǳ̬洫Ĳٰ
û뵽徳صʵܸдĲ£̫ǿˣ
򵥵һнʽӳȴеĹ°

ԶԶΧ۵ЩһεನҲҵһܹನλãʼľĿⳡʮ˵ĻսҲ׷׿ʼ̾
Ŀս죬бŽ״̬þòܴƣʼնڽֽ׶Ρ
ĲӯٶʮֵĿ죬̽ĹҲʮ־ֱռϷ硣
罭˶Ӧжѣȴٶˣһʱڶǰ棬һʱڶֺ棬⾪˲˵
ڤٶ빥غϳһ壬һȾϷ硣
Ĳʮ֣жһ޵ò̶ȴĶǰ·硣
ԭʤһڴ˿ȾϷ磬ֻռϷ˴һˣڳĻôĽҲͳһˡ
еȻڸղŷºݻŭ죬ȴԽԽľΪ׵˸ȫǱ̬δ֮սʵǸоͷƤ顣
ҲҪ֣Щ˲öԸȫս
ǰĸ˺һĴȴ֪ЩѲڸһˮȫս޷ȡϷ硣
ߣ
ͬһͷѪ۾ߣ㣬˲Ϣִ֮ǰҿʼ˦ɽ
ԡһ
Ȼ䣬ֲƷ·ʵԵһںֱˮĻӿ籩ƣγһͷβŸеųȥ
ֻɫ΢䣬ȻˣͬʱҲʼеĳҪںлĹ
䣡
ӿĽһͷֱӸеĽײһ˲ըճĺˮֱըлˮȴǵë׸սȥˡ
ҵսڳ˵ȫͶ뵽սУȫЩۿߣ·ֻеԼĶһ
ŭΧЩݲֱӱֲನƷɣɳʯθ֡
ģеĽֽ׶αƣǰȾϷ硣
ȫѹס֣ѹýģԷ˿Ļᡣ
罭Ṧľȭȭ⣬ĶѾɫɷס
ڤҲͬѹס˶֣˿ᣬͬʱҲٶ빥غϳһսʽֱ͹ʹ
ǰѹסķץסݼŵĻᣬֱӽתѹƵ
ԶΧ۵ԺԽԽľһЩ֪ʵĵҲĿɿڴ·𿴼ʲô׵һ
Ժضţ˵ûЩӲŽոսԺԺӣȻսȻܽǰʦָѹƵġ
ʦ֣㻹뽫λø𣿡
һ˵ţͬʱҲû¹еĽÿײһἤ˻
ͷ󺹣沿ȻŤԵ£ԭĿٴȼŭ棬ʱһսԺĵӸѹס˵һֳ衣

Ȼ䣬ŭþȫӳһͬʱҲڴ˿̶ˡ
䣡
ֲϯŭ𣬺ˮ·Զƽһ㣬ˮĻ


196 õλ
ɽϣʮֽӽڴ˿Եʮֲֿ·һܽơ
ôôܣôܻᱻѹס
ܣԺиûеܹѹסǣ
Ǹǵʵô󣬿϶ǸǹüƲǣˣ
û϶ģ
ࡪ
ЩۿĵĿɿڴһһĭſһżͣһĿ⵱оš
ȻЩԺͷڸǰֻ·ߵķݣͬʱҲԺһˣڴ˿ȴһսԺûаĵӸѹƵġ
ôܻţǰһĻĻȴǲòţǵǷ׷һΪе˹ˣŪˣһнܡ
һЩϤеǰʮǱѹסˡ
սԺԺмȻ·磬һԽսȫ߸ЩԺǵ֪
ǳ̲
Ұ
죡
ûͣ£ͣڱ˸Уڴ˿̸ֱӽʩչ
ڵﺮ鼫תеɽųҫ۶ĿĹâĽ·Ҫ˺һӿֱӱĿһһ죬һһʽŴ˼£Ǽǰδеˣ·Ҫûһ
䣡
սԽԽײ·װ㣬õǶĤʹ
еɫױˣòҰףûзֻֿӰãǰߵĶ֡

Ȼ䣬һն˲ҽߵķһɶ
ûᣡ
͵̧ͷȥ㣬˲ϢϿա
˿̵ĸвûܵˣֻƤʹѣ£̤ںϵʱһɢĳֱӵʺֻһ̶̵һͿֱʹ
˲ɫͫе޾ŭɱҲȫȫıŻȥˣչ¶Ǿ֡
ࡪ
һоֵĿֱһĭǸ߸ϵģȻ޴档
ڿԽλø˰ɣ
ĿǳŸУֱ־嵽ȫ
һߣѾֳʤ΢΢һЦ󣬱͵ĿʼһƽĶķɣֵǲݡ
űǷ罭˶ڴ˿ͬһ㣬֣Ѹײڶ֮߳һţжţֱӽĶ߷ӳȥ
ǳס·һǵϣֱǵԺݿһ
һһֳʤڤҲӿŲһȭֺɡ
ķǰԵýŽԷ߷ɡ
Ժǿ˳ܣлĸڵɣվŵսδϢˡ
ֳʤ˵Ŀⶼ۵ϣǱŵûĸС
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Ժ㶵Ŀ͸еȥþûзӦ
ǷӦʱ˵ı·ǧ򻯣ֱĿɿڴĿλõһˣɵùĹĵĿ⾡ǲ˼顣
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ȻȫѹƣЩǰȻһֺ޻֮ĸо
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˵ĿⶼϣʼĳЦţֵ˼飬η塢η
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еʵǿ츳һֱԺԺܵĴ˵ȴԺ似ǰԺܵ񻰴ơ
ⲻԺӽжĲмĨһɶʣµֻоηη塣
һսĿˬ
罭Ц˶ûжҲʼһһڿһɫţģԵʮֻ⵹˹Ц
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ƽʱҲڴ˿͵ЦģˣЩԶԶŵĵݽһõĻ档
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Ժǿ˶Ǵˣ˭ǵλãǲ˲Ÿɵĳ
罭ӵ۵ģ˵ܵȥ±ˣҪŨĺܡ
˹Ц׷׸ŷ罭档
ЩĽĿˣȻԹԵ
ʮλõȻΧԱȵİ
ո㱻˿˿ƵɫΧƣ˾񣬸ղһսƣҲһȥ
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ϵë׷·ǿһ˿˿ƵʼëȥһڱþսĸɿʼõȪˮһյͬʱȫʤϸҲһڻȸԾš
ͨһ˸еһԼĽܶǸһ泩ĸоԿܺã˵ᵱĽһء
ڵҲľһһεڽţͬΧҲ״̬
ϾλԺõҪûЧҲܵԺõĳƺš
Щñͣһˣʱ̶עţ۾вۣҲη塣
ʱƣʮճʱ䵽ˡ
졭ҵڵǿȶõ˷츲صı仯ܹٴϼ죬ҿ϶ܹ˳ͻƣ
һ󣬲һЦԵʮֿģ޵ͬһ£ĲѾֵʮԣܽʮֲˣȻΪҪ뿪еʮź
Ѿȥˣ߰ɣ
ƫ׿ˣһЦ׷׵ͷ
Ȼ׵壬һ·ϸǻЦЩηĿʧںɽ


197 նʯ
ԺԺڣѾܹȺĵӣΪԺĵӶȥƴҪڰԺѡһչɡ
ͬʱҲ˳ϯԺʵĸֶΪǿĵˣΪ˸С
˵ĸ¥ڣڴ棬״̬УΪҲʮӰԺѡʵֻ徳أԺҪ߱Ҫͨǿߣǲòƴġ
Ũ˳ȫëףԼڱǽڣŹ塣
һӺɽһֱ״̬Уû˿͸һǰĺʮһÿ춼ƴǸʱԶԶûôʡ
Ծһ죬ļֿ￴̫ˣЩ޵ĵǽп಻
ʱ嶼вٽΨûеõʲôչ徳صͨȻѵģڸ徳ڲֶûдﵽ
ڴϵ۾üͷ壬ͬʱҲ˼顣
ڴ۸ӵĽһɹӹ֪ëðȺڵҲų
ţų۹ˣ
Ʊ任ٶȷɿ죬оʱ򣬲һ¶ЦˣΪ֪ԼҪͻˣ徳ͻƵ徳ڲ֡
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뵽ɼǵʱûеȵڳٵȥ
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ΧŨȻ䶯Żʮֻڴ˿ȴʮֿ٣·ȿֺ塣
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ģȺͣðţȷ·ͿҪһָָŵââСȴʮ
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üͷԲĶͷȻϸܲĺ˳ӵڵϡ
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ʹܹܵģѾܹᶨģηڿʹηˡԹ̾飬ڱصõġ
ڵ·ͨ죬лһЩϸ飬·һϢͻҽһ
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û뵽ʹĵӻôˡ
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Ӱս콣
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úҡҡͷӰ˻ȥͬʱҲڵϸţӰʵֶԲĿʮأҪ죬ҲҪ죬ȴԻػ֣ױʵǿ߿ʺҡ
·ȥЩֶʮְΨ̨λһֵͦ򵥵ġ
նʯ
Ź̨ǲһʶȥȡ
նʯķûж飬ֻĸҲƣ
նʯնʯɿɽѵأƿա
ļ顣
նʯͰԵǸᲢã죬ˣ
ϸķҳ󣬱¶΢ЦȻⲿܶθڡ
ǣԺȥ׼Ǽⲿ
Ժ˫ް߰ף׷ͯգһ˫Ŀ⳯еĽһ㶡
ţԺϱĿϸʱնʯһۡ


198 鷳
ϣҪѡһ׽
˫ֹնʯʮֵĹ
նʯ
ԺϲûнӹеġնʯЩȵĿ˵ҲЩˡ
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˵ͷ˵ɲҺ˵Щ϶ǹƢҪһСºеؿͷԡ
ⲿնʯѶʮָߣҲⲿ
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˻ⲿˣͻƲѶȱһ겻񣬶ҾԺѡҲʮֽӽ£ѡϺĽΪã
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Ժϰ˰֣ʾǰȥһ
ԺԽˣȴԡնʯӵĸȤûԣǾͲǺõĽ͸ھͨ·һܾʹĥĻõĻھ뷨ȡͻԽչ
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ɽնϣһΪһ˲˷ӿȥֱµĽڵһ˿ѷ졣

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⣬ĽҲûʩչʯʮ֮һӦá
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ȣ

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199 ʯ
죬ɫгųһսȻ
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ţֻǰӰȻһ˲Ϣǰһɿֲϯѹס˺ߵ塣
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ʴˣŻ̽һ

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ܿͷԼĲ·磬ǱѹסˣȻеʮƣһɽ֮Ƴͳ
徳أ
۽һʮ־ͻƵٶȣָоǹӿò̶ֺһ
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ֲһ㣬Хţӿ·߱صٶȿ쵽µʸһգ۱Ͽա
䣡
Ȼ£ӿûô񱩣նʯȴô񱩣лնɽ⾳·ҪһΪһ
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䣡
ֲĽؾװըɫ˲԰ףֻѪӿ˱ڵĲȣڵء
Ȼһεײˡ


200 鷢
նʯȻ˿ֲ
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ԭЩ仯ѹһڶ̶̵һʱڴﵽֲΣ
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ɲʱͫгһ˿˫âϵЦû˿仯
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204 徳
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Ŵ˿յٶʮֲֿûãܿ񱩵ͱյһɶڵҲԽԽ࣬ͣŵ

ŭ˷ٴӿɫڻ۹ȥ
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205 
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ûãûƤ⣬ֻһ׹ǣǿֲͷ۾Ĳλ˸Ĺâ


206 ù
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ɴ۾ſһż
ǰʮñʵ˸оͷƤ飬ģ˵ĸоͺһЩñȻᶯ־ȻųǹٲȻСһ
ͬʱЩñû˿ϢȴһּǿĸоЩñ徳ʵͫеĹâܹδսӡ

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οżҪҵУϾԶʱĿռ䣬Σû֪һͻ֪ˡ

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207 ɫ㳡
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ںڰĵصˣڵĹоͺһؼĸо
ƶٶȷɿ죬ͬʱҲԽԽӽڣǹҲԽԽҫۣΪںڰдһʱԭ򣬿ŹеۻĿ
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ôˣʲôˣ
Щҵɲǣһ˲侯


208 ɱ
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ϥأеɽȻ׹ա
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ĿŵΧԶɱУЩеȫ˺ʧӰ١
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ڰӵоâ˸ʵ벻͸⼸ٸΪʲôһ𣬰˵ʵǿ˶ӦûѡܲŶԡ
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㳡˵սʮֵĻңÿطŨĺɱһ˵çΧкơ
ƴɱţÿ˶ˣһеҪһϢʱм½ܹƶĿռҲࡣ
սͬȣÿֻһɷӹ㿴κӰһЩֱĲס
˴εûôУǴԽɱˣֻᱩ¶λá
ͨɫɽϣƮĻдһ˷ܵĺ
⵽Ҫɱʲôʱ򣿡
㣬һӼʮɣӹķĿ˶ʧӰ١
˿̵ɽɢһâΪâѾסˡ
㳡ϵŭ˷·ɱһһնɱһ˵ʱһ˳ǹ㴩Ǹ˵ĸֱӻɢ
㳡ϵӸտʼļˣһˣÿһϢʱͻм
ⳡսͣȥҲʮֿ죬ڶ̶̵İʱ䣬ֻһˣа


209 ʤ
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ڹ㳡мͣĻӳһƵףһçɺ
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һܼǰ·޷ǰֻͣʩչɱУӲһѪ·ˡ
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210 ̨
Ρɽϵһ㳡ʮ޴ͷܶɽ˺ȫ׵ˣ߰ȫС
㳡вһ޴̨һ׷ԲԵߣŹۣģӦǴ˾֮Ĵڡ
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ЩҪȥġ
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һ亹ৡð˳ǰδеʹ˲Ӿ絽㣬·Ҫһ

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һҽгͺˣҧס·Ҫҧһ
ȫžעļĿ׷ױˣò
ػԱߵļսʿȥϸĹ۲ǰĴ˾Ҳüͷһ壬ǵ۾
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ҪǱ⣬¶ݵĻҿ϶ɡ
עԼĿˣһ⣬֪¶ݵĺأɺȻ
УҪڵС
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ڵ뺮ʼתγһ׼͵İ취ʹų
ͣתţٶԽԽ죬󽫳ڵĲƷųںʹҲ˲ʧ˿̱ڵء
˾ҪλսʿϸĹ۲һ֮󣬲ûзʲô⣬ɢ˿
·սʿȻܹ⣬˾˵ľٶζʲôеĲ׷ʧȡ֮Ǽȴҷ񷢳ŵһ
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˾Ҳٴα۾˫ٴΰǰƱ任ٶȷɿ죬ͬʱдʣͺʲôһ
ˣ
һæ뺮ڵٴοʼת
ղʧصĿֲٴγǵڶ֮ǰӿֲϵʱ͵һ
д󾪣æӿ߶뺮ͣ׼ںϵ
ںϵĹ̵Уʮʹģǰѵ֮Ļҷص顣
ؽҧʼӿ뺮תͬʱҲӿںٶȡ
ܿ죬ɿֲ˳ںϵˣչʮ˳
Ľдϲ·ԱߵĿսʿҲǼѣǰߵĿ𾴡
ǺþֲҲεӿֲʱʧزҽ
οֲҲٴγһѵں֮˿ֽܿ
Ҫβſ԰
ŭ𣬵Ҳû˿ͣ߶뺮γɵתٶתԽԽ졣
һѵȻҪ׼ӭһεȻʱʧصĻǿǱˡ


211 ɫ
㳡̨Ȼ˵Ľ㣬Щսʿ۾⣬һ˿Ľ
սʿȴ֪˿̵ʮֵ⡣
ΪܹͺѭһÿһγӿʱѪӿЩѪ
ͬʱεѭҲһ·ĺһûĻڵαֲʱӦ³һڴѪˡ
ʲôʱܽ
н֣һԼŲסÿһںϵ֮󣬱ȫ߶ڵԱ֤ᷢ⡣
˿̵Ͳÿȴ֪ܹõôεǶô۵飬Ǹ˾Ҳʮ־ȣͬʱҲܿġ
ڰ˴˲ӿȻһ
ͺһ徳صˣں޷£һͨǿ߷Ĺʹô򵥵ģ
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γܲסҲܲҽгΪ֪Ǳһ˿ʱ򣬿ڼϢ֮ͻû
ЩսʿͬǰȺԲһεģټϻд˾Ĵڣһֵܹġ
ҧס·Ҫҧһȫӿ쵤תѸٿʼںĴǻ
ʱһһεţǺ䤱ֻп׵סˣû˿ѡ
ͦˣ
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ţȴŵھŴεĳǺܾöûгֵھŴε
ʱȴٴη䣬ЩûȫںϵʼһȷɵɫҰס

д󾪣æʼȣڵ뺮ӵ˼ޣƴҪ׽ǹںϡ
̿˵оգЩڽ˳ںϵˣⲻɾһ亹
գҺû顭
ҿƤڰһ˿Ĺâڣûر飬ҲЩ
˴ÿһζĵвͱ¶ݣЩսʿ˾ɱʲôҲûУķ
ɱںϵǿ
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أ
ɣȡ
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ͣϷǰҲԽԽӽݾͷĺɫͬʱһҲԽԽȴһȻ
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ֻǰٸսʿΧڴǰмͣĲһɽ֣ͣȻвٿսʿ⽣档
˷սʿһӵϣǱٸսʿΧ˭ΪȫǺѹѹһƬģȫǿսʿӰ
ӴĴǰһ޴ʯ̨սʿǰΧסʯ̨֮
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ֻŮüͣĹҪȥĿսʿ屻סˣҲͬסֽţ˿̵ĴʮΣգսʿȴǽ

ͫһκˣͬʱӿһϲ⡣


212 ʵ

վսȦ󷽣ڰӵϲȴ˵ǣĿһֱͣһӰ֮ϡ
˿̵ʯ̨ϵס޷ֱ徳ӢΧ˴ʵͷ·ڵ·һ
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ȥսܣǲҡ
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Ǹʽ˵ҪʢµĻƫƫ˳˺ôⶨȻЩսʿŭ
Ҫ֪徳Ӣмʵǿģ˵ϻ󷨣ǲϻ󷨣ҲᱻĥƣɥȪ
һ߲ͣŽ취ǱߵսҲԽԽȡ
ء
ٸսʿĺţһ¶ǵʮֵңǴ˿ȴһ£Ȼ׼һ𷢶
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ɽ۶ǿսʿŭǷ·ںɱһһ鼤ͫðŭ棬ȻǽΪ͵Ϯˡ
ɱ죬δʱٸսʿ糱ˮһӿ׷ӿҪɱ
ͫɱ磬âһ
죡
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䣡
ٱ齣ȫ˿սʿϣɽ۶˿ֲĽûɽ۳ѷ죬ɽȴЩ⣬ʮֵι̡


ǿսʿ׷׷ĲҽУһƺʧ֮䡣
ԭٸսʿܹڣһȥ֮󣬾ֱϰˡ
ЩսʿʼˣһĿȻɱеľη壬ǿʼʵǿˡ

üͷ壬ͣĲ鿴ǰսʲô⡣
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ʵǿЩսʿǶ֣ǰߣͬʱ˼Ȼȥս
ԭûΪղ˵ս־Ǹʽĵλܸߣ˵Ϊսˡ
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ȣ
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ԲĶͷϸüдʡ
ڶսʿһطĵڣγڵڵɫСӿʼ
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䣡
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˿̵֮ǰȣ˵һһϣɢϢʮֵĿֲ˾Ķǡ
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·ɴԭأڰӵһ˿
ҲʵԭĴ𰸾ͨǿߣ˿չֳʵȴﵽ˾׵ĵز˿̵ʵԶԶͨǿߡ
ֻʮ꣬׵ǿߣ˵Ĵ콾ҲΪ
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䣡
Ȼ䣬һֲĽɽ۶ӿ·Ҫ˸һͬʱҲɿֲĽ˷Ӧ
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䣡
侲Ŀ£ȫӳһ˾Ķǣһɢʧ
䣡
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Ҳ޵еģһʱֱסˣ
䣡
ɲʱɽ۶Щսʿȫӿʯ̨


213 ʿѱ
ɽ֮ϣʯ̨룬˿̵ɫ侲ؿ£ͼһǲûжЧ
·ЩսʿʮżȫΧм䣬ʯ̨ߡ
ղչֳĿֲʵѾЩսʿˣסǰ߻ѳοڵһ
ЩսʿҪûѳ֮ǰȥնɱ
ЩҪҹȥɱ
κˣɫЩǾԲֵģȴЩɲ
ģô죿
н֣ͣԼô顣ҪͣΪǰҶԼʯ̨ߣͣҪʱͣǿ϶ǵĻɡ
Ǵᵽʯ̨ȥʱ򣬲򶷣Ҳ⵽ɣһпܱ¶ݣ벻취ˡ
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üͷ壬Ҳȥô죬ֻ˷ʱѣҲȥ룬ֻ΢΢̾һ˵
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սʿǽʯ̨֮󣬿ʼͣӶȭͷ·ɱ
ͬʱݿٴӿˣбűסǴ˾ǿվʯ̨ϵʱ˶˷
𡣡


ɽ۶ǿսʿ鼤ͣһЩĻлвϵĵͺڴ˿̲ϴ
ͬʱ׷ԲԵĴ˾Ű룬һޱȼ̶ȴ
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֪սʿֻ֪սʿǿߣʯ̨ڶսʿӦܹˡ
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һһ£ǹɲͣĿֲϢҲ֮ͣ绨ϸһϲЦݡ
΢΢һЦ˼ۣƺȻĶܹס
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˶ţĬĲͬʱ֮ҲûгִֵĻ棬ⲻǧսʿš
ֻһǧˣΨһʵǿҲǸ˾ˡ
üͷ΢壬ʼ˼
лὫǸ˾ɵĻһǧˣҲסҸ
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ղŴ˾ûгֵĻпֱһ̶һĻأΪ֮ǰİ취
޷ˣΪ˾ԲƲ磬ʵɲ⣬жǿ֪ףóȻֵĻֹۡ
ʯ̨ϵʼնûа㶯ⲻ˽к
˾üͷ壬üɼŭɫǰ
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СӣЩʲô
˾ŭݣֵĳ߹ƾͷ·Ҫ߽ѵһһЩȴֻվ
пսʿҲ˹һĬĴԭأŴ˾ȥ
˭Ҳ֪ڽҪЩʲô
˾ʯ̨ߵɷΧڵʱӵɲʱһâ
˻Ľ⣡
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䣡
ɽ˲Ҳ֮ʧ澹ǳһ˿ѷ죬ͬʱѸӿ
˳ѿŶض𣬳ϸ߿͡
˶סˣ˾ҲԵԭأ벻ѡʿΪڴ˿̻
ǲΪʲôʥصġˡѾǶˡ
Щսʿ˾ӦʱȴѾˡ
⣡
ڿе͵رһͷӥ㣬ɽ۵ȻֲĽ⻹ûȥɽ۾Ѿˣ
»꣡
ͬһʱ䣬ͷҲӷһֲĽ
ɽ۷·Ҫ̮һҡεʮңѷĴѸٵӿ
˾ɫ䣬ΪĹȥģ
䣡
ֲĽڴ˾Ϻըʯ̨˲
пսʿΪĴ˾ˣ
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ʿǵʿôˣӦǱǡˡյȥȻѱˡ
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Щսʿһŭߴ˵ֻԼĻŷ׷׾еıȥҪ
ߣ
˿תͷ泯ԴԴϳʿһߡ


214 ໥
īɫڵĹ㳡һƬңսʿǷŭѣǵڻΪʲôҪ˾
սʿǳޣûȥǲˣǽһͽ
Ȼջˣ
ˣ

ɽһƬսʿǳ׷׿ʼ˹ȥ
ĵĲǸ˾
û
Ȼ䣬ڰһ˿Ȼ
Ҫ֪ղſȫģⶼ޷ɱǸ˾Ѿ˵߳ʵˡ
ȻܹܵǸ˾Ϣüһʼʱ׼սΪѾûܵأͨɽһһ˳ӿ֣ܴܲɽµȥɱֻսˡ
Ũ̹ɢֻһ˳ߵС
ۣ
˾ɫɷףȫѪӿ̲ס³һڴѪǵ۱ɱռŭ档
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˾ʵֻܲ²⣬ĿǰֹƶеҺúѾ֮
㣬סǣҪʱɱ
˾۾ŭ棬Ӹָ˵һЩĻӰһʧԭء

ͺȣ˵ͻǰߵ˼
ͬһʱ䣬ұӿҲ˾ֻʱֿ
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ˣ
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ɲܺûˣֻ֪ڲͻ׺ˡ
䣡
Ȼըɽ۹磬Űпսʿ
һߵһݣ㣬˲˾սķΧڡ
廹״̬޴Ǵ˾ٶȷɿ죬޷ȫʵҲǰߺҪǿ

ֻһײһӿϯ֪赲ס˼˾Ĺ
˫Ŵصʱֶضתų߿գͬʱеɽƵĲڵ뺮˲ȫ
⣡
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֪˿̵Լͬ¶һ˿Цݡ
䣡
ڵ棬ըɳʯһĿĴ˲֡
ͬʱշ˵Ҳڵ棬أɲʱӽŵ緢ʸ㳯ǰֱ壬̽˸źâ˾š
Ц㣬Ӱ֣Բ׽ж켣
˾վ˽ţȴǰֱٶȷɿ죬ɴһݵ˫ƿʼΧĿȻѷ졣
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ӰҲڴ˿̱Ӷȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬˴˾󣬶ȴͥԿ
ƣ
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תŲÿλá
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ò˵ϵʮĬֶǴˣԷÿһǶ֪֪ô
ĬϣʵȲϴ˾Ҳܽܡ
ȥͷʮغϾͻɥȪ
һ˿ЦڰӵɱӯӰٴλζ

ֻһͺȣջض̽źȻȥ
˻Ľ⣡
Уеɽųҫ۶ĿĹâһֲϢĽŴ˾ͷ£Ӳıɿֲѹóѷ졣
Сӣɣɣ
˾һ㣬ĺ˱ַܵˣŭһ֮ȥԡ
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׼˴˾ܵķֻҪκһ˶սʱ򣬺͵ϮѡôӭĽǸӿֲĹ
ΪǸʱĴ˾û׼
һսĽעˣǾӮġ
ħ
һ޵գҲգɱӯ
ֲĽһͷ͵ް㣬ǰĴ˾ֱȥ֮ѷ죬ɳʯŭ
˾ɫ䣬ǵоǳһ˿־壬æ壬׼ӲȥΪûлܣУȴľһֲĹΪһ׼ˡ
ڽսУ˾оͻֻҪĽʵˣͱɡ
䣡
ֲĽ춯أڴ˾ĺ󱳡
˾ѪɫǸһ˿Ѫ˫ֱ任Χֱĸι̣ȻƴҲҪȥΪ֪ȥĺʲô
Ǵ˾סΪһУȫֱܹӽǰɱ󣬲ҲǰǾʤһС
䣡
ɲʱֳѷ죬˾ѪֶҲɶ
ɣ
׼õȻȣڿеɵĴ˾ݺݴȥ
ۣ
ɽ񣬼û˿̴ͣ˴˾ţѪĽ
ֻǴ˾۵ɴӿѪ֫ĴȥȻʧȥ


215 ɨ
˾ˣ
ɲʱ¶һЦݣ·ڸǵʤȲһ
ɱ˾ˣֻʣЩսʿĻͺðˣ
ϹЦݣͫһ˿ϲɫˡ
ڹ㳡ϵ˻ս֮ΪЩսʿͨûжֶΣԸҲڼ򵥡
֪Щսʿ㳡ϵЩһ㳡ϵһɢɳǵһʯͷӲĺܡ
սʿԭأǿŴ˾廯һޱŨصĺʧ֮䡣ڼ䣬ǧ˫۾һգգãûзӦ
ЩսʿУ˾Զ޵еģȴУţ
˾˾
ɺޣɺ޵ˡɣɣ
ɲʱɽ۶ˣпսʿĿɿڴг֮ɫ
пսʿŭ죬һ沿ŤԵֲÿ˵жɱҪǰˡɱǵĴ˾
Щ֮ǾͿ뿪ˣ
ǹһЦݣеɽŤתڳһսơ
磬Щ˲Ǹ˾öԸҪСĲУ
ȴʮֵ֣أü峺˸ŸĹâͬһʱ׼սơ
΢΢һ㶣ܿ׹ˡ
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216 
Щսʿʧɽ۱ÿյеֻʣԼһצļ
ڽЩ鷳ˣ
һϸһĨЦݣڴ˿΢һȻڽ䱸״̬У˭֪ɽۻ᲻ֳʲôĪĹ
磬ôܲٿЩһԵ߹绨ǾȣȻٿ飬еʮֵĲ⡣
˵ʵҲʮƣ˼С
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֣ͬʱĿŵо򵥡
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֣أһԲĵ˵ͷ漴˼
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217 ԶŻ
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üͷ壬ȫѪӿŷƣȫܡʱ˻ͬһͷ޿Х㡣
ǹ⾳̺ʮӴڵ޷򵽣ͬʱҲû⾳̺⡣
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Ϊûڼ̨˳걻ƹ̣޷ƿصס⾳ͬʱҲ޷ʹʧ


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һԵ˫Ŵ¶һ˿֮ɫڸղת뷨ʱ΢״ֻ̬ǵԼΧȫȻǡ
һĵģҪ֪ҲڽܻĴС
ʱ˿̣ɫҰһƬü亹绨һĳţȻĥʹޱȡ
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뺮֮Ҳʼ뷨ת뷨ǲɻȱģͬҲǽΪҪһ㡣
ʱ򣬾żҲûˣΪת뷨ͱһϲܳ򼱹ͻᵼʧܣӶһҲ޷֧ŵڶʩչֶνȡ
ټĺͷ߳׼ҲԽԽˡ
ȣ
գҿͫӹ˫âĳ˰ŭһĳһơ
ĥһʹ࿪ʼ١
üͷ壬ټĺ˳ǻڵأؽҧ߾ȫڸͬʱҲϵĻ⡣
ڵĻ⿪ʼֿûöͱˡ
գ
һͺȣָĲһһ顣
ֻһڵĻͬĺڹ⿪ʼƴȥ
ؽҧŻԼڹ⣬ֱ۵Ľ˲һɿֲ
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ֻҪ״ָ̬ܻˡ
˿̵䤱ؽҧڰ˸һ˿â
ȣ
Ȼ䣬һƵʼ𶯲˷ɢʧ
飡
ͬһʱ䣬ҲֱӺϣӿڡ
״̬ʱ飬Ҳһ˲۾峺ӹһ˿壬Ȼྪδ
Ѿָûˡ


219 Ժ
ڣϷ
˴˿̾Իָ֮ǰǻ޾ʹʱЩĲ
û˰ɣ
ͷ󺹣¶һ˿ЦݣͷĺĨȥ
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ҡҡͷʱŮɽ绨¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȼ֪ȵͬʱҲ׺ߴ˿Ѿ⾡գƼõĻպȻдá
Ҳ֪ɻֺô
üͷ壬˼С
ĻѾԼˣȴ֪кôҲ˵֪ʹá
һ⣬طȴһĵط
ˣպʵͨʱúоһ
΢΢˼Եͷ
·̣ǳҲмˡƫ׿һ˿Ц⣬ǳԺɣ
ԭȪɽΪ˵ʣҲѵϣõܴͬʱֱͻƵھأֽ˻⣬⵹һϵջ
Уڶ̶̵ʱзЩ飬ип˼ǧ
ţҲ֪ôˣڻƴءҲҪϻȥУ
ת֫ٺ˲ЩƣĽõžȡ
Ȼ䣬ʼһ֧ʯʼѷ죬ѷѸӿҡҡ׹ӷ·ʱᵹһ
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üͷ壬ٷɿ죬δ䣬˱㳯ųڱӶȥٶȷɿ죬һӱ˻ͬʱǳȥһɲǲű
ٶȷɿ죬̸֮Уһ·ϷӶȥԺķ
֪˶ãصԺԺͬʱǰߵСԺУڵȴǶˡ
ˣ
ǶһˣôŻ
ڤæȺ󿪿ڣżӡ
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ɲʱЦݣüͷ壬ɫʮ֣
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ûеӶСӣҹ·ǰɽڵԺʣǼûʵӵˣ
ſڣٿһ磬ܵǵż
Զؾȷеص֪ܹȷصڴɽ
Ժ˼ϡ٣ȫӶɽˣǱչصҲأСҹ·
鴫ʱȴڻܻĿʹĥ֪顣
ѹֻصԺʱûԺӣԭȥɽˣȻ򣬺ڰ˸˷ܵĹâ
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ڤ붼û˵˳ͫе˷ԣȻԶؾ飬ܴĳ
ԶؾĸֱܹʵԶͨǿ߳˭Ҳ֪Զؾʲô˭֪ԶؾĶԲͨƷܹȽϵġ
Զؾ޾룬ͺһδ֪ɽҶ֪жǲ֪ʲô֪ȲҪȥһ̽õһЩö
ͬԴҲʮִȤΪǱʶеðҲпΪԶؾ棬ܹʵ֮Ķ
֮ܶ˶ʼˡ
ϣٲȻΪѵǻˣȻˣҲһСӣǰɽҷҪ鱨
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ΪԺӶѾҲ˦ȻҪ߾ȫϳӣԶؾͷ¡
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ԺڴɽķԺԺλڴɽλãʮңԶû켸ִﲻˡ
ʱƣת֮䣬ȥ졣
ҲڵִԺʱ룬ڼƣڱûͣϢȻҪķѸʱִܵԺ
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ȻвԺӵˣ
˽Ժ۱ȺСӣЩСȻԺӣЩԺȴԺӣЩԺӵʵҲǿǿǿ֣ÿһ˶徳صʵ徳غͰصԺӼڸ·
⼸ʮֿˣΪӳһ֮󣬲ſʼжġ
ΪʲôûһԺӣ
üͷһǰ;ļ徳ӢûпһͨԺӡ
ô˵ҲӦûһ֧ԺСӣȴûһе֣ҷӺúʲС
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罭ˣһüҡͷͣıԹԺϸ
ͣ
Ŷͷ罭ıԹһͷʹæֺֹ̧ͣȥ
ӣҪҽ𡣡ֹ罭֮ͣΪ˷ֹڣ¼Ҵҵľͽ˵˳֪֪Զؾλã
Զؾ׼ȷλȷʵ֪й鱨˵Զؾ׼ȷصпڴɽλá
罭ͻȻ֮ǻش֮ȴٴγü˵
ȵ˵˲ͷʹæֹ˷ټ˵ȥΪʲôȫԺӣԺӶȥˣ
Χ˼״͵Ц
罭ٴüͷ壬΢˼֮˵ӦȫϷȥˣڶڷѰԶؾλá
΢΢ͷ˼С
ɽռعɽλҲһٶҪҵԶؾͬ룬Ҳûбİ취ԿٵҵԶؾˡ
ڵԺҲϷѰңǱҵûиϵĻͷûˡ
ã̳ɽϷǰ
ϣ˲˳ȥ·罭һվԭأᡣ


220 ɵ
峿ڴɽĵӰӹһƬƬ֣һɳɳ
ĵӰٶȼ죬Ǽӳ˰ɵľ롣
˲ǱˣǼ֮ǰӻԺгѰԶؾһˡ
ĵȵһ·ǰУ˴˿̶ʮֽţͣظ֪ԼΧϾǴɽֲ޴ڡ
ৣৣ
ȣܼĴ֮Уƾͣش
ĵӰڴһӰصķͣڶС
ִһɽ˿˿ϮķУޱ𡱵ĵͺ
˿̣һѾڴɽͣˣ˶һ
ڴּ䣬Լнʱ֮˵жһСעܵ
ԭڸղţеˣԼԼһ˵˲ʱ񾭡
ڴпʼǰỺ
ʱ˶һƬɭ֮У۾гһϸ죬ضǰ
ǰǧɿ⣬һȺڲôһˣǰ
ھʱϢʮֻ
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ֻһӰѸ˼һȭӳ
оһΣϮæ˱ˣںת˻Ƴȭӭȥ
䣡
ȭཻʱһ죬ּ޳Х޴ľ˲ʱݻ١
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˵Ķʮɿ⣬һӰվǵӰһϮۣ͸һˡ
ͨһأһЦ˵
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۾ضˣŭ˵
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һȣʱȫƱǣںˮ̶ʱһڴӵˣ
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ƾ徳أҲҶϴãΣûôõˣغȵɫ
ȥǰͬŵӻϣԸ˵
硭ŵģܿȴı飬˵ҪСġ
ţǷȥҰɣƾκβҡŵ˵
Ƕʮεģô˵ҲǺܵˣڤˣԶȥ
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Ҳʼ²̤һƴ붭ײһ
ʱһâ˸˶˺˼סΡ
ߡȻˣҾɱ㡣¡
оһɺֱԼŶ
˿ҵϾԷͨһصĸ֣ȻԼһ磬Ǵ徳ͨһ蹵ߵʵر
ڵĺʱת˼£һɱֱ̲ڰ˻֮Уһ򶭱ȥ
ı𳯶ѹȥһȭ
ϰ˻ƣ֪ǿ˼񱩵Ϣʱ˺ü
оԼƲ˼£һǿֱ͸ƣԼʴ

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죡
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ֻеĳһᡣ

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ڣıϢʼǰʼ۳
ȪɽһУıѾﵽһ൱ǿĳ̶ˡ
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⣡
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䣡
µȭӡȥ

Ƶֱֱˣιľ죬¶һֲ˼顣
û뵽徳ؾȻСˡ૵
ղŵһظ̲ܵеĿֲǺԼϵĻҲܡ
ǳҵϰһ˵ȻղԼȭֵ˴󲿷ֵɻһСֱӴ˶ϡ
ͷһɱ֮ӿϵƶȻһߣһɹɺӣǹɱ֮
֮ȻǿǹɺҲǹɱֻ֮һ˿ڵİ֮£Уʼɢ
עҪڴˡ䣬һɰϢȻѩƮ䡣
ڸܵÿһѩﶼ̲ſֲĺʮֵΣա
Ҳʾڱ֮ⶸȻһϢΧܺϮ
ˣѩеĺ͸֮⣬ͷһ
Ҳˣ
徳ҵɱУҲĸˣûֵôǵһһ߰˵ţ˿
ޣҵǺڴ
䣬Ϣٴһת֮ʱʧ
ڣһɼɣϢʼΧȫ
ֻһѩھʮɵĵطͱһɿ񱩵Ϣһɢѩ֮еĺɢ
״ҲʮֵĸӣΪƣȫһ徳صеġ
ǹϢ϶ְ磬붭¡
ѩƬռ֮У͸һƬƬѩظܵǳµϢ˷ĵĿ־塣
ɫһ䣬ʮ𾪣⻹徳ص𣿾Ȼ˾ˣǲպضһ֣һҪɱҡ
һ˲䣬¶˾ġ


221 ˴˼ɵ
ͷֻеĳ趯еѩʼᣬѩϾۼϿʼ˱
ƬռŨ·ʵ㣬ſռ䡣
˿̣ɣϢ뺮ʱطֲ֯ʼɢ
У֮龡һʼ

ڵشĺӶͷڳ
ȣ
һȣʱ
ֳɽ²Ĳһת۾˶ǰɽſ񱩵Ϣһ򶭱ȥ

㣬еĳһᣬסĽâ
ֻһеɽһתӵһ̳
һһΣոͷα˶
ιײıѣһתеĳɽ

ˡ
дһɾʹɽһգβϵȥ

һ٣һ
еɽʱһ̲ͣͣػš
ֻڰããһƬռ֮УһӰ֣Χ޾Ľ
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䣡
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䣡
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ˡ
ڵĺת˼£һӯæ⣬һȵϢʱȫĺʼϱƳڡ
ͷϣټĺ鿪ʼ˳յ䣬ص˲ͱһСˡ

һʱҲеһѣڵѾ߰˰ˣȻ۶ɺǳ棬徳ͨһصĲһ˳ĳԣ̶ȣͨԶ徳ĿԱġ
徳صĸ֣ͨһصǿߣеĲҲ޷ġ
ɫ԰ף֪Լ붭ɺȥȲ˵ֻܴܲܶǲͣطҲӲغһ㣬ʮġ
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Ȼһתеɽһ֣ԶĴȥ̤һײٶȿľ˲ʱʧڶߡ
֮ԶȥȴҲ޿κΣԼǰһɾδߣԼҲǼ󣬲˵ܲ׷׷ϣҲһס
ȣ
һȣĹâʱһƬѩ飬ನɢ
ıѣһ˷ϯȥԶΪģԲɵķΧڴ˿һȥѩǡ
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ˣ޵˹޲ýʬһ뵽ǰӣǲԾظֳһ˿Ц⡣
˿̣ھ붭һɽϥӻͳһƿҩȵͿĨȫ˿ڣڵĺ鿪ʼתһ棬ҩںİ֮£ٵرսڡ
˿ǿҩ֮£ۿɼٶ޸š
һʱִ֮ӻóһɫСƿҩ磬ɽһͷһš
ŵҩ壬ʱһʣ߾ע뵤֮УظܵԼڵһػָϵľҲڲţ·¸
ʱ֮öҩҩѾ߰˰ˣʱԵظоԼ֮еڲڱͣʼʵ֮ǰ֪Ũ˶ٱһ̣ʵ˺ܴĽ
һӣһžʱоǶ϶ȻҲܴٲ֮ǰǱ

һһԾɽȥ


222 ԭѩ
֮УһӰĴɽǰӰ˼ƬҶһɳɳ
ֻһת۵ĹǵӰڿ¼Ӱһγ֣Ѿʮˡ
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ʱѾĿĵڴɽѰˣȻȴȻûһ˿ͷ
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𣡡
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ԭʵգһ̳һ
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ʼؾеɽϣ޾
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һĻͷҲһ
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ǵʼɢ޴ıϳһϸС·ƽİֱϮٶȿľˡ


223 
ͷһֲʶؽɽһᣬֵס޾ĺʴ
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ŲԶĶһɽƱ𣬳Ŷȥ
²һ۾˶ǰֻɽһ򶭱̳
һתһȻʱһɽȻգһתһ̳
ͷʱһ䣬һΣĳ˳һ

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һʱ䣬붭˴ѷ֣˶ûгơ
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ԭһ򶭱ʱ򣬶еһ˿Σգæ߶롣
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޽֮ϣһ·ɼɢζ֮ϣֲϢɷǺˡ

һȣͷʼ뵽޽֮Уһʱ䣬޽â䣬תһʱ
˿̵ɫ鵽˼㣬Ϊնɱû뵽Ȼ֮ǰܱǿ
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ƣ
һȣһѳǧɵĻ𽣳Ŷȥ
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һϢŶȫ亹䣬ȫԵúǲ
䣡
𽣳Ʊƿ⣬ֱָȥ
ˡ
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ɽУ죬ŲԶĶһ
ͨһصĸ־ˣҲпǧ


224 Χ

ܲӰͬȰ㣬дȥï֦ܵҶΪڵӰģ壬գ۾ͲӰԲ׽ǰ켣
˶ȥˣ
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ΧһضûǵӰ뿪ĺۼûС
üͷ壬һǰţһ˼УȥǰЩԾԺȴһƬհס
Ȼ䣬ϥأͣϬ֮һ˿˼飬ȻͻȻ뵽ʲô
⸽ûǵжۼûеңҲǰĺۼ
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У쳤Х羪װ˲ը
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ͻȻ䣬ĿƣԼǰ·һͷǣüͷһ壬һ
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üͷ壬û˿ԥϵɽ˲ʡ
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Ϊָоʮ֣ʼնû취뵽ǵĴֻоΣա
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ͻտʼڵľǽֻ徳֮һ׺Ȼǵʵֻ徳أӮ˶࣬ǵƣƼȻܹǰնɱ
Ǳڵȴ֪ͨһ徳ؾӢսƥͨһصĸ֡
ڵŵӶڸղɥУĿǰԣЩڵĵȻ֪
һЦµĲ˶࣬ʵ̫ǿˣȻЩ徳صıڵӲǸǿһ֣УԸʮ˲Ҫôѣֻһʱѡ
һԵ¶һЦݣԭ׼ĵҲʹãΪʵվһԿš
һʱ䣬˵ìͷָЩڵΧһ׺˵
ȣ
ͻȻһȣƱǣһεľ֮ɢȥԴԴϵӶȥ
ʱһӰվԡ


225 
磬һ֮
ڤһӰͬһԡ
ʵ˵ʵЩڵҪһٶȾɱǣκθտʼʱȴԷսθסֽţһֱ·硣
ͬһһԿţƲԱְ̳æ
죡
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ԭӮģȫƻˣŭԽԽһڵӵ񶼱ݣɱ֮ǡ
ֵǣĪҪԺȺСǣ
ԣǱڲǿģ
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ڵŭ죬һǵͨ죬ŭһЩ޷ܵԴǳ
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ڤĿӹһ˿ֲɱͬʱǿƣҪ׼ȫӭԷĺϻ󷨡
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䣡
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׿ͷɵıЩȣȴһЦݣϸȻ̶ֱȻ̫ˣͱȲϺĺڵѾﵽ˺ֲΡ˱һͷΣͷҲһա
ЦµľǱҲ˵ڵĺܹڵҲڻоԵİܹƳ󷨡
Զû˿仯˽Ҳ֪ڵֲΣԵķȴʮֵġ
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΢΢һЦæ˵ҲûȥΪ֪УΪ
Ȼ΢΢һ٣ƫ׿ϹЦݵ˼Ϣʱŵ˵ͷվԭعۿ
ΧĿŴ̹ǵĺ磬ЦЦĿǣ˸һ˿âڤüͷ壬ƣȻЩη̹ǵĺ±סˡ
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ڱǰͨһصĸҲҪ۲ѳǱɣ
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ЩڵĵӴΪţ￴ڤѾˡ
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һŵЦݣŲæĳŸŵڤ˵
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ڤ΢΢һ㶣صͷȻģҲ˵֮Ĺϵſ˵ʱ򣬺߾Ѿ𾪵顣
ڤȫеһ˿Ҳˡ
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ڤĿһһ֮󣬱㿪ʼʩչУǵصı̣γϯĺʵˣ徳صڤҲ΢΢һ
ͨһǿҲҪ۲Ƴ󷨣ұǿ徳صκƳ󷨣
г˾ɱͬʱҲһŵĸо
ƽʱԲ˵˷Ǹղűڵ˵ЩѴĵߣȻԷұţ
¶һ˿º͵ЦݣǿȴëȻ
ڵĵԭ뷴䣬ǿЦݵʱ򣬲ɻһоЩԾ
ͬʱԶķҲȫ˵ĻˣΪûյ飬καʾȴŵ˵Ǿ仰Ѿ˵аա
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Ϣһ֣ӶʱѪɫڤ¶һϲЦݣϵҲ΢΢һЦ
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һЦ˿ͣеɽҵĲһҽĿʼڻˮ
⣬֮⣡
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䣡
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ӣ
ڵӵе˲䷴Ӧ˻׵Ӵܹȥ
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ڵ˵ҲʮˣҶʮִӴܣ޷ȫ׷ϵģҪڤļ룬Ȼֵ
ǿĵĽ̸ȫû֮ǰĽŸС
ɽڴ˿һûмϢʱ䣬ͻһڽ¡
ڤ໥ţûãӴܵıڵȫ


226 ӶԿ
ʰЩ֮ڤԭսĵط
鲢û뿪һֱվԭصţ黹ͦ
ûʲôˣ⵹ʣҼŵҩ
Ϲһ˿ЦݣɽջؽʣǺĿЦˡ
⻹Ҫ缰ʱǼ汻ǼӸɱˣ
ڤǺһЦ˿˺󣬲Ŷл
С顣΢΢һЦ˰֣˵ȻҶû£ǱȥԶؾɣ
ĬֻǺЦͷȻû飬ɽѰԶؾģ˭뵽ﻹбڵˡ
֮ǰ붭һս飬ҲûʣΪǰȵģ֪ˣҲٴڤǰߵսȫµʶ
ղŻһֱƵ˱ս徳صϣ˸е˼飬ǸһˣڤҲϰˡ
˿ʼǰĴɽǰ
ɽΣķݷʵǿޣ˸⾯裬˿иΪвпܱڰ޹Ķﻹһ࣬ǡ
ȻʵףҲֻСǰϾǴɽģǱص޶ǸΧһױġ
ͽ׵޶ޣҲ̫Ķһޱ޳ǿ޴ˡ
ܲһÿòצչǵ֦ïʢ֦ҶڵסǵߣΧ
һС·ϣڤȻ䵱˿·ʹߣŮһǰ·
ɽһ㶼أвٵ޷ɫֵɫͬһ·ϱҪСĲУ
ǰüͷ壬еɽһӣǰľ㱻ȥͬʱǰţͬʱΧÿһ䣬ֻҪвԾĵطǾͻԥĳ֡
ţ˵ɽ޶ܱ̬ص»һЩޣɲҪԽµʧȥ衣
Ҳˣ˷׷׵ͷΣķĴǰȻзֺ⡣
ɽʵԼԺĵûһϲٱڵӣҲ֪ҵԶؾûС
ڤҲüͷ壬ĿĴǻͬʱҲûзŹ棬ʮֵľ衣
΢΢һЦû⡣
˼ǰ;йȻһͷ弶ޣ˺ķһЩʱ䣬Žͷ弶˳նɱ
ʱƣתۼ㵽ʱ֣һ·ǰڼҲǴͬС죬弶ޣмǴӵص´ܳһҺڤʮ־裬Ȼо綾ˡ
һ·˶ʮ־һ·Сģ´ܳһͷ޻߶⧲˻ж
˼ӵʱ䣬˴Ӿ·˳һ
˻
ͷǰķ治ɵһҲʮ𺳡
ֻǰķһƬǽ壬ΧݲǿľҲ޷ԲٲȻΪһƬŵĵط
ﶼսżǰսĵط񶼻һ˿ನನǿᣬһ˿ನԶͨǿߣ˵ǰսˣΪﵽʲôֲľ硣
û뵽ɽһط
ڰ˸֮ɫмкüʮϢʱ䣬ƽһľκˡ
Щ濴Ŀģ˸ܵǹĺĶ
ķ棬ನһֱڲû𣬶һвĤݵ뷨˸еֲ
ǿ֪ʲôױǿߡ
ڤ鲻Լͬؿڣж˸һ˿ֲֿʵ˵ÿϰ룬˵ѣҲһɳ嶯Ҫӵʵĳ嶯
־ĸ֮٣˽ǿšԺҲûмһ׵ǿߣģβǼ
ҪӵʵҲ޷żģһ
üͷ壬˸ʣ֪еĳ嶯Ҳ᲻١
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ͻȻ䣬뷨ͬʱڤҲǲԼͬĶҵԶؾʮִĶ
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ͻȻЦлת˵
ߣҪǵһҵԶؾˣǸö
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Ц绨Ŵɽķǰ
ȻʮܹҵԶؾҲûзɾ裬ΪǿɲҵԶؾʱȴˡ綾޷һ硣
ʲô
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ʱڣǼдһ˿𺳣̤շеĸ߽ͨǿߣЩԺѵһŵӾȻһá
˲仩Ȼ׷׵ɴ۾Ÿ߿ƯŵһȺˡ
ֻǰĸ߿УһƬԺڵӣƾڿУ˫ƿֲżصľ룬ҲܸܵǵİƣʮֵĿֲ
˫μռڱƴߵͣȴûг֡
ô£ԺĸӸڵĸôۼһˣѵˣ
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Ϊһ㣬˫ȴգҲգĿţһ˿ʡ
Ӧòģпǡ
΢΢ҡͷһľκٴû˵ͳǰȥͬʱһߣ
˷׷׸ϣҲû֮ǰСһ·񱼡
ԺԺСӶһ飬һ㶼ɢѰԶżۼһ𣬾ǻۼһҲôıŵӣο˫ûжֻ֣ǷֱվһƽЩˡ
뵽һ㣬Ż𺳲ѣûжͳλͳȥ
ٶȷɿ죬һϢɴԶܿǾͽӽԺڵӰɷΧڡ
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ǿһɵľ룬˾͸о屻һɾѹţ˵ЩӵĿֲ֮
ɿֲƾȻڽڽĵ涼ѹĲӣһЩѡ


227 Զŷӡ
УԺԺһĿɱֲһһҲ˵аӿǵҲ꼰㣬ܼͣѹ
ȲҪ̫Ͽô£
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󷽵ҲֱԾһøߴĹԶϸ۲š
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վڸߴϸŸ߿ϵЩ߽ͨǿߣĿŵ˵棬ͷܶһʱ΢΢һ㶣Ҳûжپȣƺһ
ֻɿĿտϣһȺ꣬ŵԺƷͱڵƷмԺҲԺӣȻм仹вŸεɢߡ
ԺڵɫϾһ¶⣬վһԵʮŽᣬĿǰڽֽ׶Σ˭ֻ֣໥ɢǻأԹۣһѰᡣ
ܼȺ˵ҲһǧˣԺڵӾӶ࣬ɢ޽ֻһˡ
ڿеԺԺŵӣԼŵŵӣ˫Ӧöˣÿһ˶ͨϵǿߡ
Ժⷽһʶˣġ
ԺʵǰʮĿֲš
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ЩԺľӢǸɵӣƽӲ¶ɽˮԺҲʮԼȴһãʮ׳ۡ
Щŵӳų棬ЩʵԺȻǰͦأû˿ɵ
ΪڵѾϵ֮ĽսˣԶؾȻ˭֣ȻΪһӷͻĻôҲŵս
ȻԺĵǣбڵĵҲȫ֣вҲ
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츳ʮټҲҪ̬ţЩ׵ŶĵرҳģԼҲ⡣
ȻҲļֻһͨƽļͥѣûʲôͷƾͿԿߵ츳
츳ʵֲĻ´ԪӦûֵ콾ɣ
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һ֮̾˿һһ߼ӿתֲӿȥ
˿̵֪ϷĹ۲üΣȴ֪һۺֽŵȺ֮УԼȺǰ
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ʼնڹ۲ǣǵӾ֪ҪϵԵĳǰΪûа취Զؾ
Ψһİ취ҲֻͬɽĳǰƳأԶؾˣȻҲһ취


228 Ժ
Ժڵ˫ͣڽֽ׶Σ˭Ҳû˵ɢҲʼնԹۣײ֡
ѾȥһˣԺϸڳϾͿҪ˰ɣ
а룬üͷ壬ʱͻὫĿŵգ鿴һǷĳϳ֡
ʱһɹɼֲ˲ϯԲĵ濪ʼһ濪ʼѷ첢Ѹӿ
ģ˷ʤɫɷףͬʱκˡ
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֪Ժڵĳ϶ˣͬһʱϵͬһʱͷѹģĿȻ˫ԱöԷηѷʿ񣬵⼸ȴû뵽ԷĳҲˡ
ԺڵĵȫЦݣɢսսͷ
Ӱݼڤϡ»곤ϣ
ٸԺͬʱȭǷһؾףȻը̹ǳѷ죬ҡ
Ժ磬˲䱩ǣһεİݼȫȫռϷ磬ͷ
Ӱݼϡ峤ϣ
ڵӲʾǶһдһɱϢϯñ̹ǣȴ޷ԾԺӵӪȥ˫һ磬û˿ֵĽɢ

ŭ𣬷ɳʯտѹֵҪը·ʱᱬһս
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Ȼ䣬մһͬӵϢϯԲ֮з·ҪһǱڳ
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ڳϵǲһЦ㴫ͬ׵
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ԺڣԶϣĸϾǻˣʵֲﵽͨأֻһܿԽͨ
˫ڸղŵıƴп˵൱ҪĲǳѿ֮죬̽Եʵ
ԣ˫ϵʵ൱徳أȻǴͬС죬൱ҪһĻĽܾˡ
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ȴмĲͬԵͬʱӴޱȣһɿɳͬ̾ţΪֲ


229 ӡ
˺ˣ·˺ˣ
ԣԶؾûд򿪣
ЩķӡЩ·ֻǿӡ󷨶ѣ
ɲʱ±·ĸȫȻЩʵʶ徳ؾӢǲԣֻ˫ԼһЩʵǿɢ߱򶨣ΪǶ֪ûȫ
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ЩǹϢһģһѲԶؾҲǻģ
ڲ֪У˫Ŵ󣬲ɾʵġ
Ϊ±ϵķӡһģһΨһĲͬķӡȻķӡǿʮϰٱ
Զؾпǻȫڵء
뵽ʱڶռһĻ⿪ʼԵʮ˷ܣƺʱҪһ
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ǷӡҲȫƿֱӽɽȡ֮չֳһ޴Ļ߶ǧɣռΪĻ͸ڵĹâԵʮ죬ͬʱɭϢ
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Ҫ֪ǿɶͨصǿߣϢ£ȴޱС

һתڵֿϢܿвĿ־лҷ
Ĵһ˶üͷ壬۾͸һɾ֮ɫԣǶڿԥҪҪ롣
ڵȴ˽룬ҲȵȰɡ
ϸ鿴һ֮˶ԥȻޱڵȴ˽롣
˵ʵҪ룬ȴܽ롣һԼΣգһһ壬һСӵĶӳܲԾҲΣմˣôͿ˵ǼΪεĶӳ֧鶼ڻҡ
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ͬҲڹ۲˵飬ҪǵıпһЩϢ
Ȼ䣬ע⵽ڵһеĳ֧顣
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ɫϾ֣ͬβĵСӳԶؾڣ󷽵ǲʾ徢ʮ㡣
һ˲䣬ԺڵӶɧЩɢҲͲסˣһǹ󣬳޴Ļ
˴ͷһǧ̤糱ˮһĽŲӿ޴Ļ·ɽȥһ


230 ޿
˽룬޴Ļֻоձãͷͣʮֵܡ

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δ֪ĺڶڣνǲģʮֵľ裬ôʱضһпĲףһЩɢûжʵ˵ֶοһڡ
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232 챦
ӽ˲䣬ǽѵִǰ֮Ļһɿֲľ磬춯

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ΪǰЩ˸̸òǰֻʸʸûС
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˵עڿսʿϣûע⵽мʼնû⵽սʿĹߵǼǰֱӵͷ뿪ȥˡ


244 ѡ
Ӷս˶ڰš
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246 
ӳ˫ϵսǾĽ顣
˴˿Ŀ˫ĸͨصǿ߽ȻѼЩԺɢ˵ʲôҲȲĽ
ƽʱÿᱻ˲׽ϸοʮѼĻ棿
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ǱʶжΪΪ˻ͳһѡĴߣĽŻԺʵġ
ΪǶԺڽĹϵԽԽˣս޷ġԺͨǿ߽٣ȻƽʵҪȱڵͨǿҪǿȴʼնӲˡ
ǲŻΪĽΪġ
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Ҫɹѹס񴫳УҪ̵ʱ䣬ͬҪһֱά֡
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ûע⵽ǸӡĿռ䣬ǴʧɫĿĽ顣
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ʱ΢״̬ˣͬʱдϲĥõʹʧˣڵĴܶĻ񴫳Ҳˣ˳˻񴫳С
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˶ʱϲ⣬ڤǴЦ

ࡪȻɹ˻񴫳е

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ʱ۾һκˣͬʱҲʼƴѹƣ봫ѹƵʱԺ˲ͱһ߻أһƬհףűޱ޼ʵʹ֮࣬ǰʹϰٱǧǧ򱶣

Ȼ䣬쳤ХһɿֲƺȻϯӵĵ涼ѷ졣
һԻעѶʱľĿš
ĽڱˣʹȫעҪѹסǻǰ׾ܹѹסģ
䣡
屬ֲ˹ƣĽ龹Ȼֱӱˡ

񣬲ͣķҽУžȻǰȥ
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247 ʧأ
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һδεı⣬һδεıڻ⣬һĿĴӱȱȽǣ֫ϱ۸Ƕţëİ׵ȫѪģĵ棬ӵײһƬѪȣĿģŻ
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һӰгʱ򣬴ظҵĲ¼˲ͱڵסˣƬ˲ڰûа
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ٶȿĿֲ徹Ȼֱӳɽ壬ʱʯ𣬴ҵҡѷѸӾȻӳһٶɣӵײᱦȫɿµ𵽡
δʹͣ£쳹ʵʹֱӳޱ޼ʵĺڰǰ˹ȥһ˲ʧˡ
ӳڴȳ֣Ľ飬Ȼġءˣʮͨصǿ֣߳ȻǴ񴫳гֵʱȥġ
˶޷׷ֻܿһӰʧԶããҹɫУʹûټ


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һͷĳֲֿסޣһƬֻʤĬžгŹϢ

ͻȻ֮䣬һʹĲҽ쳹Ƭ֣Ƽž޶ʱúܡ
ͷɢغֱײÿÿ߶һһƬָǲͣĵ£ľмĽֱֲӽԲʮڵĵƷˡ
һƬǽиų쳾̣ڹסˣڵҹԵøۡ
дܳҵţСʱб˴ɽλãڴɽ벻ͣŰܱߵжһЩ޸ֱӱֱӸˡ
䡪
ĿĵسţһƬʮֵоȻһ蹵нĵ·һƬ棬ĿЩ޼ûзʱͱһն
ͣĺţûһյ㣬Ҳûһߵľġ
ͬʱĽ˻ڲͣѰΪڵνԽԽˣʱѹסеͻᱻ׷ɣʹ־
ڵٶȣк߶ķطֻǴɽҪҵĻʮã˵ǰٷ֮һ
񴫳нͣڱߣͬʱҲڲϵļѹڽʱŻʹС
ĺڹƤȴָֻǻָ֮Ƥ˷ѭȥʹνڲͣķɳ
ͬʱҲڲͣʹСȫǻ񴫳Ļþ
ֻþУĸԽԽأҲ»񴫳иӵ޼ɵҲԽԽʹ࣬ǵʹȫÿһţĻþҲԽԽ˫ֱͷӷ·ҪԴץһ
ʹԽҲҪ񴫳еɣٲǳΪһͷβħͷ

ĳɽ壬Ȼأ˫ֱͷȻڵϿʼĴòڹ⿴һһ
ҪҪȥЩҪ
عţ沿ȫȻŤԵ£˫۸Ǳ־ռһ˲䣬˫۾Ȼָǰģ־ȫųȥһ˲䣬һ̱ٴα־ռٴαռ
˿̵żᶨĵһɴڿЩ
ϴھͨ·ʱ򵽵֮ģֻȴǿҪֿ񴫳еԶԶ
֮ĵڿȴܹݻȫɣֻǸĴȴǸղųǧ򱶵ʹࡣ
ͣ˺ԼͷĴͬʱҲھҲš
Ҫ롭Ҫܣ
ŬĿʱڵ˲ı˲ͽ֮ĵѹȥȫռͬʱҲһɱ˵ġˡȻſһˣޱ޼ʵͳȥ
ٶȿĿֲһϢ֮ܳ⣬׷ȫڵġˡ
ɹȺɽ룬ܹһƬɭ֣ڿ͵һ;Ȼ£沢Ӳʵĵ棬һ

ȫգʹķĲҽУ춯ԲﷶΧڵɪɪ

˿ڣֿȭڴĴ
䣡
ȭ㱬һɿֲƣһˣˮеĴӴܡ

ˮѣһ˳˷ȥǽĺ߶һٶĴµȫסͬʱҲһޱϵıƻ
̹ǣֵ˫ȭݺݴڱϣȻը֩ѷѸӿ
䣡
ĺ˲ܽ⣬׳ǧһҴ档

̤ںϵ쳤ХΧոջָƽĺ˲С
˫ȭקؽڴһȫͣĳǰҺţҲʼǰȥ
ÿһȭͣ˸ֱšһźգ𵴳һ񱩵Х硣
ҪЩٵģǼٵģ
沿£ͫһ˿âͣҡԴ˫ȭҲڲͣĻӶţ·ںŻþһ
ûãٴαѹȥ˲ָģٶȿʼǣһ˲ͳɣקһ˫ȭͣţһɹɿֲڵ棬ɳʯĽһĿĴ˲֡
ʹĥͣӶȭͷͣǰɣһһĿĴӡ
ȥɣ
Ȼ䣬һɽǽǰԥǰȥȭŨĺͬʱҲ׺
䣡
һըɽ˲֩һѷ첢ҼΪѸٵȫӿűȻըһ޴ʯͬʱҲŲʯȥ·Ҫһ

ĴУͬʱҲ̰ſ˫۵ɵøţһӸǹʹķйţ·Ҫȫйһ
ȴеĻþ˾ٶģΪ˷ȫǵˡ
ɫͨ죬һȭһȭڹʯϣһδεĺһһ޴ʯȫûͣЪÿһζǳȫڳ
ĹҲķѵĿֲƣʱǾԲܻͣµġ

Ȼ䣬ɽͻȻըһʯһͷɫͻ˳쳤Хضɽҡޣ
͵̧ͷͫһ沿ΪʹԺݺݳ鶯˼£ȴ˾¡

ӰȻʧȻ˲ͳǰһȭȥ
䣡
Ȼͷͣ»Х֮󣬱㱻УӴ˲ͱ飬ɺѪƮС
ովȭͷҪʯʱ˫ȻŴǵʹ˲Ŵ֪ٱӵļݺݵĶţͬʱҲڲͣƺߣ̲סˡ

˲䷢ĲҽУ쳹Բ˫ץԴĺҴܶӰٴʧҹɫС
ʹĥ£ͣĴţҲڲͣķйţҽƵ
һɽȣ˫ϥأץԴ˫Ҳֱ˫ۿնȫˮռ
Ѿƣˣһʱķٶһգһա
ֻʹ໹һֱڵеҲûˣԺһƬģ۾峯ǰȥص£̳Ĺ
ڵĻ񱩶Ȼȫڵ֮Ҫһֱûתĺ顣
һܵɢһ˿âѸתסȫſһʱâҫ
ڵĴƶһ׹͸ڿɢǿҵİɫâ塣


249 ܴУ
ܲĿȫֲָлһ˿졣
͸ʱտŭ˲俪ʼٵƶһ¶ʱ֣ɫĹâͬɴһ㣬ģִأɢڰ
ɽУٸɽȵһ
Х֦ҡҷǹɿֲʧʱ򣬷Բͬʱ춯صĳХǺֳܿһֲͬʱȫͷβĶɪɪ
ɽмžһڿеǿҰ׹Եüҫ۶ĿͬʱâҲȫҫ·ϣԲȫһɼϢɪɪȴ
Ϊļ֮ȫۼˣĺⲢǾġ
ļ֮£ڣҲڿ񱩵Ļõһ˿ѹƣŵʱ١
ΪʼֿˣȥҲ÷ɵõһ˿⡣
ѹƻȴǺһ޷ȫѹסģΪһڰʹ࣬ųʴһ˿Ҳڰȫµ˺ָ
˿ԺججһƬհףȫ֪һβܿƵ͸
ԭڻ֮ǰԺлһĻ棬Ǵ˿ȴȫȫʧˣΪʴĻѾųȥˡ
ͬʱȫܵ˺ȫϣر˫ֹǹؽڴԭѪģȴǻָ̺ۡ
ʹļҲõָͺɳĮһһΪûˮҪʱȴֵ꣬ȸԾȫϸڻš
ҲʼȣҲĻָһ˿֪
Դ˿ʧȥָ֪þͻѹڵĻ·һһܵһ±񣬿ʼĳźѹ
ǺȴʼնתţΧҲ׳׳Ǹ߳ôһ˿ȫκηɵĻᡣ
ͬʱָٶҲָ˵ȫָ֮ǰҪǿ
ججһƬհ׵ԺҲʶҲָ
񴫳еױˣ֪ٲȫ壬ͻᱻ
кڣĻ񴫳᣿
ʱԲﷶΧڵȻȫ£ȥΧ˲磬ľҡҷ
ոձĻ񴫳ٴαס֮໥˭Ҳһ
ָʶûѹΪ˿Ժгһ档
ǻǴӵͻȻ׷ϣڴɽһϵ飬ֱʶҲȫָ
ЩȻǺļģΪľѹʱŲа㸺ǵ
͵۾ڰӵһ˿У˫ֳŵر¡
顭֮ǿ㽫񴫳ѹղУ
ϵĺʱʱһ㶣ܿͷӦҳʼӦڵ
ԭԼյʮ˵ٴγ֣סʱܲ⣬ܹⲢ֡
ǺܹѹȴЩˣ鱾һֱе⣬ڵҲǲ²Щʱ۾˫ְǰʼ߶Ӵѹƻ
ѹסҪҪٰ飬ϾʴˣҲҪЩġ
üͷ壬ɫأǰ˫ֿʼ߶ѹҴܵʮ˵
ʼǵһʱ佫ѹƻڵһλȫûзԼָҲǺ˼ԭΪϡ
Ҳ߶ѹƵʱǻֿܵĻ˲䱻ѹסˣرѹסһ˿ȥҪıǽЩѹƵҽˡ
ѹƱȽϷΪмѹסʱһ˿ȻǹһԵøСĲ档
ͷϵĺתţſʼƶƶȥ
ûǣȻڽУʮ˵ͬһΪҪѹƣȻ뵤ʱ򣬺пܷңҲṦһ
ŽѹƵĻȻǲ⣬ǽС΢Ľţɲи
ڽʮ˵ͼǺ鼸ǿʼʱʹ߶ѹסҲʱͻһѹ֤ʲô⡣
ȫɱâǣܹ࣬üͷ壬ϸ߳ռÿһλá
ʱ佥ţת۱ȥһʱ䣬ڼٿźһֱѹŻŲҲŽһ롣
Ҫ죬Ҳһ֮ڽѹƵֻڼаٷ֮ʮĿܻʧܣðֻһС΢ġ
ʱ仺ţתһӡ
ĵڣ뺮һγһſĽһӰǻ
ʱ뺮һʼתһһڵУɢâĺ顣
ʮ˵ѹƵУҲǵΪؼʱˡ
ΪҪѱԼյĻȫںϻʮ˵׵׵ѹסٶҡ
мҪſԻѹƣҲǷſֹͣѹƣ߶ѹƣмȵһʱʮΣա
գɲһգͬҲܡ
Զʮ֮һеޱȿֲ޷һգҲֱӱΪڵʵ޷Ҳ޷ƣֻգֱһա
ĺ˳ջ䣬ͣ˰Σ׼Ҫſѹƣ߶ѹơ
ġ
䣡
ʮ˵˲ͽʼڵĴܶһΧźתһ˿ʹ
üͷ壬ҧʹ߶еĻ⡣
˲ɢһ˿âʮ˵Ӱ˲ͣס·˼һڲţûзͱѹסˡ
ģʮ˵ʼ£һȫԻƶǵĲٿأһʮ־ȣô˳˵һ£ûоʹ˷¡
Ϊʮ˵ӻĲٿأһܹٿǵĸо
ϸһ֮Ȼʮ˵ױѹסˣһվڻԱߣһΨΨŵŵģӾȡ
ЩȻѹסˣ
ȳҲֳһĨϲ⡣


250 ͨĻ
ҹɫããһɢŵâΧǵ㡣
ĳɽУڲݵϣΧһƬǽ壬֮ǰʱ¡
˿̵Ѿȫʮ˵ѹסˣΧŨҲȫʧˣҲ˵ȫĵС
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һκˣгֵΨΨŵŵʮ˵ڿ־ͬʱҲһ˿𾴡
ʱüͷ壬˼С
ղģĸоѵ
˼еһ뵽ģ֮ǰǸģĸоܹٿʮ˵ĸоϸ˼ȥʱȴûн
ˣʮ˵Ҳѱȫѹƣʵˣ
˼޹˦˦ͷһЩӵ˼ų󣬱ֻʣʮ˵Ǹһ˷ܵЦݡ
ǻԶʮ֮һĻ񴫳С
ЩжǿȻǵսǺֲ̺ܿĻ񴫳ȴ㹻ֲġ
ĻΪõĻʵ϶ܹͻͽ
ţṵ̂Ĳ㣬ҪлˣΪѹͲܣҲ
ĻԼܹն٣١
ʼɣ
е˵ôһ仰Լ
ΪҲҪѹƿסģȻͻˣԱҪС
üͷ壬Ӧŵеʮ˵Ӱ˫ְǰʼ任ȻǴ߶ȡͷһ
ǰһڻĲٿ£Թվ˳Ҳȡա
żһжͰĽųȡգǵ͵һгһϸС̺ſֲĺ
ûͣ³ȡʱһͬʹȻʹл
ʱͣ£ԼֻܹȡһϸСȻֻһϸС̺ŵȴޱȻ뾫
ȻǻȴûаӰ죬·Ͱëеһһʹġ
զ࣬Щֲ̺ʮֵĿֲ
ûڴ˾̫ã˲񣬴߶е뺮׼һ
뺮ͬʱסһƻʼͼЩȫջںһſʵõ
ʮ˵ȫѹסˣȡȻ֮ǰһ񱩣ס
ȫȽӵϢ̺ſֲĺĺ
ǰɿֲȴԵøȫԸһ˲ͳȫÿһĵطõա
ͬʱеҲ𽥱þ뺮һֺ˵ٶš
ʱȫʱȣʱ䣬ȴʮûʹ࣬ΪָܵԼͬʱҲ壬ĸоȻˬ
ͬʱҲڲͣš
ʱһһεţһƻ·޾һⶼʱˣš
յͬʱ𾪣հʱĻʵ߸ͽȻ徳ֱ˺ڣ۷ֻһ֮
ͬʱҲǾϲʼͣգգƵˡ
ʱ佥ţյٶȿĿֲ徳غȻǱ״̬徳۷ʱ򡭡
䣡
дһ죬ǻûϵĻʹɢȥҲʹ˽徳۷壬ֻͨһ֮
͵۾ڰֱӹ˫âֵȻǺȻ֮ɫ
һϸСȻܹ徳۷壡
ɴ۾Ĳ˼顣뵽Ľֻǽ˿ûע⵽徳۷ʱǻʣһɢȥˣ徳صĻֱӳƺüء
˻һϸСֵزǽһʮ˸յʱǸûʲôز
һͫһ˿𺳣Ҳһ˿˷ܡҪǽлգʵﵽʲô׵ĵزǵڶ
˿һκˣƽͬҲޱȵ˷ܡ
Ҳﵽ徳۷壬ֻͨһ֮ң
һת㽫עȫתƵΪ棬ĵ׶ʱӿһ˷ܾ
ʵҲ֪ղʣµһΪλɢȥΪҪͨųǿУҪ
ͨҪģ򣬻Ҳ˵ǴģһԼͨ
һ蹵½ǧǧкü˶ͣ徳۷޷ڽһ
ΪͨѴ첢ҲҪÿһ˵֮ģᶨ֮ġ
ܶ徳۷һ棬ķ˺ü꣬üʮʱ䶼޷򵽣ʱĥúܶ޷סĶҡ޷һǵͨʹźմź
֮ļᶨһֱŬţͨǿ˺츳Ϊһǿߡ
٣ǳɫʣÿһ޷徳֮ͨ˶ὫһԼĴ
ﵽ徳۷壬ֻһ׶Σⲻ뵽ɽѧԺʱЩӡ
ͻͨҪǾҪĥͬҲҪѡһͨұѡ
ڳ˼ʱ򣬱ҿӹһޱĹâ·հγʵĽһֻγ˰ء
ҪһԼͨͱһѡ񣬾ͺñͨնһʩչͨرġ
ܶ˶Ҳкܶ˵ͨκιϵǰߡ
֮ףеĽ׷һ֣һͨʱϵϢҲᷢ츲صı仯
еĽͨʱϢ񲻿ɵɱ¾صͨеĽǴһƮϢһֽ⾳ɱ
ҪĲֽͨ
Ҫһһ޶ͨһܹͨ
ǿǿ񲻿ɵдƮ⾳ִΣķ״̬
ȻнͨһƵɱΪкܶ˵ĽͨǳּΪɱУղء
Ҫеһֽֽ⾳ģԲ׽ٶҲãҪһֽҪĻͨʵսһһε
ɽõѡΪƣɼ
ʱصһͷսͨɱеĽҽ֮

˶µ˼Ŀһʡ
ר֮ͨ·ɱҲĻ


251 ˼
ճɽůĹɢڰҫ½
µһ죬ȻɽȴΣķɱ
ʤ쳤Х춯أ·ʾگĵһ
ĴɽĳһɭֵУȴǾ£ųȺӵޡЩ޲һƷģʱȴһţΪһֵࡣ

˿̵ȺŰΧµˮйͨǵĹǴ˷ʱ޿̵ĳ֡
˻Ľ⣡
ɫϾڰսӯбһֵıһ콣УɫĽɣͷϺݺݳ·Ҫرһ
ΧȿֺǰǶʱ׷׳ˡǣǵٶôܸ˻ĽȽϡ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬̤֮س֩һѷ죬ֲĽ·ǧٵΧѪ쭣ÿһͷɡ
ϯֱӽϰͷ޵飬ɺѪҺȾһƬأŨصѪζڿؿڷơ
ĿǳһĽһɨһȦΧ֮󣬱㽫ǰɽǰķ
ৣ
һ㣬ӰʧѪģڣŴɽǰʵǿޡ
ҪһԼͨô㲻ϥȥڤ롣ɱ죬ѭ·ǰ
һ·ɱнӽһǧޡǴ󲿷ֵ޶˵̫ˣɱ
ڴ֮ͨͨ·ϣҪһǿѹסԼ
ֻбѹƣвŻҪսʤԷս⣻ڱѹн֮ʣҲͲŻǿҵʤܹһ˵Ǳܼ
ԣһСֵͨǿߵͨôģһ󲿷ֵѰͨǿǰѹƣӱ˵ͨеõ
ǱȽϿݵİ취ͨȴкܶ覴ãֲһ޷ɵ⡣
ͨȻ죬һҹɹսҲûа˼ʵ٣ȽҲһͨǿߵǿˡֻûдͨҲһ徳۷塣ԺſҲûмˣұҪͨС
üͷ壬ڰ˸һ˿˿⣬вϷʱãӿٶȡ
ٶͬһĿֲڴɽĴдţ;оŵ˲ޡǵͼޣȻûȤĿ弶ϵޡ
ʱţͣĸɽ;г·ʤиһͷ弶ޡ
뷢ȫսͷ弶޾ֱӱ޷ΪĶ֡
ɽʱ˵ײһͷޡһս֮ȫֻǺķһЩһץ۶ûС
ɽ޺ܶ࣬һؾһͷޡ
ַս֮ҹˡ
һսȻ۵ؽƣһɽɹһ졣
ڶ죬ȵĴɽ̾͸һͷ޴һܡ
Ǹ֮ǰһȫ
һοʼҲ˸սͷʼתսֲ߼ޡ
һθ߼սʱ˷ܲѡΪ߼ܹѹסͬҲʼʩչУֻҪǻģܸ߼ͼȫʩչ˳
ҪһԼͨǱҪУҪЩееİһͨԼǱʶеͨѹե
ڸ߼޵սУʵˣһͷ߼ޡ
˵ûзأһͷ߼޽ս֮ܵҲأڻƻ֮ʸϻɽˡ
ǰƵ˵ҩкܶ࣬һҹָ֮ơ
죬ٴȵĵҵĴɽ߼޼սÿʱÿ̶սжɹ
Ȼͨһ飬Ҳչˡչֻһ㣬ҪǷҪһϸĽȣǾǰٷ֮һĽչ
̫ڶɽ̫ɽʱһҲ߰ͷ߼սˡ
ƻƲʸʤգյĴɽУһƻҲΨһȻ羰ˡ
һڴеСϪϪˮ峺ףܿһʯͷ쵱еС
ǵϪˮгһӰʱЩ׷ӿ
ˮеӳһǱӰмƿڣϸմȾѪͬʱϻкܶץۣЩһֱս
ӣ˫Ϫˮϴϴ£泩ĺһ
ţĽȫСϪϴ£ɣִϡ
ԺſֻʣˣҵʵϻԺҪһʱ䣬ôҵʱҲֻʣһˡ
üͷ壬ϸļԺԺ˿ʼӡ
гһ˿ᶨʹսɽ
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬һսһһ˿Ϊǿǻ

ţһͷ޵
ڸ޴򶷣
͵̧ͷȥڰһ˿죬űۡ
ৣ
㣬ӰͬûһһӰǰĴ򶷴ȥ
˲䣬㵽˸ղŷĴֳ
ã
ǱڰǸмܲסʱ򣬶ʱͫһ˳ȥ
ǰһƬǽ壬һƬ֦ҶĿĴӱȱȽǡ
һһͷս߼ڼս
ߵؿڳһ˿ڣѪģ񶼻ѪȻ˲Сơ

ͷ߼Ȼһ޴Ʊ㳯Űߺݺȥֲľֱ÷ԲʮɷΧĵ̮ȥ
ɫɷףͫгһ˿Ŀ־塣
⣬֮⣡
ʱһĵͺ
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ȴа˼ֲ޵ټʱоһϣҪȥѰͷ˼ޣܷɱжԼͨ
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252 ͨ
ҹĻ٣һƬž
ɽһǧ߼ƵΧ߼޶һڿ־ɪɪ
ΪһͷͻȻֵİ˼ޣͷ˼޸Ǵڷ׶Σ߼޶ҳ

һŭȻը춯أ쳹Բһ޸ӿ־ķ׷Ӵܣǰ˼޻ͻȻ١
һټɭֵУһͷаɴСͻ쳤ХΧʮﷶΧһƬǽ壬ѷ޴ڣһӡԵøĿΪǵݽȥγɵһӡ
ͷͻǰ˼ޣޡ
екպΪڻϹѪҲĴް׻һ˿Ѫ
ͬʱڽʮ޵ʱᷢ츲صı仯ҲǻΪһͷ׻С
ڽʮ֮ǰһӴ󵽿ֲʵҲҪ˼ҪΪΪ׻Ѫ׼ÿ޽һʱͻһСĿֲԶѪա
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ɭг֦ͷʱ㿴ǰӴ󵽿ֲĻޡ
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һ죬˻Ľ˲ͱ޵ɢڿųɫɫǿҹâͬʱһɿֲ𵴿ŭ˷ϯȥ
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һɱϢϯԲȥ˲̣ܿ㱻סͬʱеľ޴Ҳš

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ܵһޱǿľ紵Լϣڿһ޽ǰʱͫ͵һ

˲䣬㽫ɽᵲǰ޵޻ɽһɿֱֲӳԼţʱȫѪӿһɽԼȫ
ۣ
³һڴѪߵķһɶɺѪƮڿС
ǰĻŭĿǿɺ޵࣬һԾȻֱԾϰɸ߿գٶȿĿ¡ͬʱӴĻצƿƿȻֱӳȥ
ֲľֱӺϣɶ˲׹䣬˲һ˿֮С

ҧʹ̧ͷޣߵеıǵصĻצ
ɲʱһ֪ԼҪǱеĻɡ
ԲܱУ

ſڴȫ˲ͱΧռ侹ȻЩŤ
צƮŻɫ棬ٶȿĿֲһ̵ҲԼٶȣԽޡ
ڼصʱ˫ȻһԾ˲ʧڻ·
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۽ǳ鴤ɫɷףؿƵܣڵԪȴȻɨȫ˲˴롣
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沿ŤԵֲڰǰĻޣս졣
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ȻһԾϰɸ߿գӿĴǻһɫбһ

£ſڱһ
ȻڻӴϣޱһ޵ؿڽɺѪҺ

޲ҽһǹϢȫʧʱٴο֮ǰҪ塣
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ɲǼ䣬³һޱӴ泯ȥͬʱӴҲϸ߿գ̤֮Ȼݡ
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ûеִʱȻըֲϯնʱ˺һѷ죬׵罻ӡ
˺ĳϣʱɶߵķһٶȷɿ졣
ɫɷף亹鲼ӣҧؾͺҪҧһȫͷͺɢһȫʹ
ԺȴһģĻ棬ʮֵģԼҲ֪ʲôûȥϸ
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ʱûͣס޵ĹͬҲûУӽһ̣ȴһΡ
һģӰ轣
ǽֻһУΪһн뵽һС
һнǿǿǿʱѪȾ죻ʱʧ⾳дʫ⣬ƮԵࡣ
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һٶյУһֳɽս졣
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ԣʧˣ
ɳǿݣ
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ʱԲﷶΧڵĵ˲Ʒһֿ񱩵ϯ˷Բ˲𣬲Ѫֻʣһ߹
ǻҲһֻʣһ߹Ǽܣȫʧ
ϵİ׹⽥ʧ۾ڰԵʮƽ
ҵͨ𣿡
ڴ˿ԵʮƽţȴһЦݡ
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Цȫţƽ
ɽжЦ޼ɵЦЦʧʱҲƽ
ͨˣԺſҲ쿪ʼ
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ʱҷߣǻ᲻Ϊұ񴫳зɣٲˣ
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ȻڵڵԼӰ
ų㳯ԺķǰʧããҹɫС


253 
ҹˮ¹ͺһ㱡ɴڴϣڰҹһ˿
ĴɽУֱ߳Ժǰ˻ѰԼĵȫ鳤ϹϽΪΪ˱ڴɽ⣬еӻԺԺˡ
ȴû뵽лһλȳصˣǾĽ顣
Ľһ˻񴫳еɣټٵ˷ɢڴɽѰ
ͬʱ˫ϸǱʹˣǣӦϢ
ڤ顢罭ġѶĽһѰҡ
ʧٶ죬˱Ѱ˶죬ǽԣǾûҵ
ɽϷһٶȿֲ֦ϲͣתŲĿⲻͣ˷ɨţǸûз֡
磬㵽ģ
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⼸죬˼ûϢĴɽ˵ȫһ飬Ҳһ붼ҹˡ
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ȴţǲʹǼڴɽڴɽĳһ䣬ȴȥȡ
ֻԺԺ˼ʼܶ˶ԸѰȥˣΪȥͻˣҪڵȴ´οˡ
ΪĽӶ档
ֻǸЩӵĳǿɾͷˣʱظڿ˿ʼʱҪЩӻȥġ
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Ľüɼһֵǣͬʱϸ̵һı顣
ڤ΢΢һ٣ϳһ˿Σҧ˵ĽС㣬վԺ˵ˡ׼˺üΪ˽ԺⶼôˣûµĻ϶һطչأԡ
»곤ͷǿɲ˵֮ĻĽͬ뿪Ҳϲġ
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ڤ»곤ɴ⣬Ľѹûǣǽϡ
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Ľ鵭ڣ绨Įʲô뷨һ˲Ͳ㻶ˣڤǸӼᶨŵ뷨
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һʱ֮䣬еӶ뿪ˣֻʣһȾƮƮĽ顣
Ӧòɣ
ĽЩƮૡ
Ľһǰ˼֮󣬱㳯ŴɽǰƺҪѰ䡣

ת֮䣬㵽Ժ˿ʼӡ
ԺԺ㳡·ͷܶɽ˺ԺӶͳһķװΪ׳ۡ
ͬʱڹ㳡ϷҲʮСС̨ǵǱƴʵĵط
̨ǰһߣЩ߱ԺϣҲһԺϡ

ⳡԺΪľǴԺɸѡʵǿĵӣܹýԺʸ
ԺгǧĵӣȻҲһӾѡʵֲĵӡ
ԺڵһҪһֻ̭д̭ӱĵӲſԲμһսҲԺѡΣɸѡʵǿԺӽԺı
ȻԺӱ֮󣬽ԺҲԺҲʵǸʱͨǿͨǿֱӵĶˣǲڴս
еӶڴŽԺ󣬲μԺһͷ
һԺΪֵһ죬ԺۣвԺǰۿȻҪһӽԺʵΣܷвǵĵλ
һȴϯԺеӶ̸һЩϸȤĿʼ̸ӡ
ܻ񴫳Уʧһ¡
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ԺӶ飬Щ֪Ľ˵ʧٵˣһΪˣǱƶ߻ħ
ȻĽ˵Ļĵ׿ɲģ˵ʧ٣ȫΪѾˡ
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罭ڤĹֱȭ⵹úܶЩЩŵӸǾǰμԺ˵ʱ򣬿û˵ء
ͬʱЩҲܾȣǿҲ֪ûأиĿŵĸСҲ϶̣Ҳ˵ֻ￴š
˶Եȴ鶼еЩĪǲ֪ȴ˿ʼĴ·ڿûӰ
ΪУǶ֪ŵԣֻҪûзʲôͻ֡
ĵȴʱ˿̵ĵȴȴܿ͹ȥˣһѾ꣬Ҳʤˡ
˶ʱסˡ
ϳһ˿Цݣ֪Ӯˡ
ԭޱĲϳһ˿źҡҡͷ̧ͷڣһ̨̭ȱϯս
ڴˣ


254 ̭
˶Ϊ֣Ҳʤʱ򡭡
ڴˣ
һԶƮ쳹Ժ
еӶʱһнĲжʱס죬Ǿ㵵Ľ߷ŵ㳡ȥ˵ʱŴ۾Ϸ׷׳ֿϲ֮ɫ
һҲ¶һЦݣԶҲסˡ
ֻһͬȰĺӰڹ㳡ϣڵ̨档
Ķ֣ɵˡ
еӶɵˣЩ϶о˼飬и޵¶һЦݡ
ˣ
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˳˻񴫳У
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ķ罭ȻЦȴƼžֵһһߵģûûεĻȴоһ˿ů¶һЦݡ
ڤûпڣ˶ܸܵļҲ뿪ڣֻǲ֪˵Щʲô
ϲϲЦݣ֮ǰеĵĶ̡
Ȼﲻ
绨ǹЦݣ峺Щ죬걳Ӱ֮лм
У㳡Ϸ·ֻʣһ
عͷǵӴһ˿㣬۾˲ҵվλá
¶һЦݣҲ˵ͷŻعͷԼĶϡ
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ǰһЩ⣬Եһʱ䣬иһλᡣ
ֱӿвұȭ֣˵
УһʱѾˣӦҡ
ʱżæӿ˵ҲԺӣǰʱҲĿùʵȻΪſ˳˲ʵĵҩƴЩܲʤΪҲ֪갲ȫʲôǾǽ˻񴫳е
ֻû˵ʱǲоѴ˵ȥˡ
޷ⳡԺ˱ʵΪǴ˽ĴӸм仹˼죬Կʼɣ
ǲֹ̧˵ޱ˵˵ֱ̨ܵȥ鿴ڴ顣
ԵǶ֪Ϊʲôܹõ
ΪЩӶ֪ĽڼǰѰЩ֪ĵӾ֪Ҳֻ˵֪
ΪĽѹƻæѰҵѾˡ
ܻ񴫳е飬ĽֶͨҲ޷ѹסΪʱежڣɢߡ
лУ
ıȭԼҲʮ־Ϊʲôô˵ĿǰսΪ
תȿһ˫ԹĿ⡣
ߣҲ֪ΪʲôͬԺˣҲֻ¼ˣ˻񴫳УҲһܹʤң
ԹĿԵʮ𺣬·ҧгŷġ
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һݣֻ˵仰ܹܵԼԺԽԽˣûжӰ죬ǻ񴫳ȴ֪ȴһʱը
ȺеɱıӰ·޲Ҫʬһ
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һߣкȻһ󵶣ֲƶʱϯ̨ܵʯʱɢâֱӽ̨Ǳй©׼ı
ʱ̧ͷνʣɽˡһй¶Ϣֻ徳۷塣
֪кܶעԼΪ˱һЩ鷳ҲΪ˽ȥսǿʱܹһˣΪʤֻѹסΪҲ徳صΪаܹսʤ
徳۷Ϣϯʱ˶ûлɣΪǶ֪ͨĲǴ졣
רѹ徳۷壬ҲΪøԼûԽͨż
ħն
ɲʱǰ̤֮ؾһ磬д󵶱ɫâǣһĻ߾ͳͷ¡
żһƮݵĵеĴֱڼӲ̨ϣ̨͵һûгʲôѷһۼûС
Щ̨ƵģҪʮѣͨǿ߶ûа취飬ο徳أ
㳡̨ʼ˼սݺᣬӰͣƶš
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գгķȶȡ
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ò˵ʮˣȻûһ𣬶һսʤ˵һֵĶ֡
֪һСӵˣһ߳


256 һ
Ժеһǿ˽ֱӽԺʹ˳ΪһԺӡ
ͬʱдֱÿ¸ʯĶԺǸĵطеĸء
ʮǿҵսҲԴ
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ǿֱǣڤ罭顣
˱һԺĵӣƾսԺĵӡ
￴ĸСӵĶԱСӶԺԺһʱһ񳱣ƽϢ


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ֻҽǰſսĽˣţ۾ͫս죬Щ촽֮󣬱صôұ㴳ǰ


258 սʼ
µʱ˵˵Ҳ̣ܿ͹ȥˡ
ʱ̫ûðͷԺһƬõԺǷ׷˳
ԺĹ㳡ޱȣмǧɴСͬʱҲֳ˺üһһʮԺڶˣÿһһٸ̨
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ǵǵƣƽʱֻеԺսʱŻóҲΪսսǰˣʤĻܹõԷƲҰԼƸǸˣһûн˴һӵƵˣǸ˾ͻᱻһǧȥ
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ԭˡ
˼ĵ˵ͷԺսһйضϤΨе㲻̫˽⡣
΢΢һЦͬʱҲһ˿죬Ϊܵϵս⣬ǿҵЩֲս⡣
ͻȻ֮䣬гһߣԺսĳϡ
һ֣ǧӶʱһ鼤ս⣬һǧء
˵Ҳ֪أʼɣ
еĻ۳ޱ飬ϻ쳹ԺӰһʧˣǵǶ֪ϻ⸽
ǿɲܳڲڣһӰӶõս߷ս
ô
촽ͫеս˲䱻ȼͺúըһ
΢΢һ㶣һҪشʱӰѾʧˣΪҲͬԺһǵһһǧŰ֮
ǰ
ӶԶԺڶˣдһνʽһ̨
ͽ̣
ս⣬˿ûѹסΪҲûж˵һ仰һڣΧѱΧȫǽΪ
һ꣬ʵͨһأҲһơ
Ȼʶģԭʮ־սԺΪʲôսǵܵ߿ֲĽʱʱȼһս⡣

Цһս
͵̧ͷڰз·Կһڵս⣬˲ͳȥ
ǳ̲
Ұ
죡
ٶȿֲͬһ㣬Ծϸ߿ձ뷢ֺ飬֮
ֲʱϯһһĿֲʱ֣Ľ׺Ʋ̨ҲЩֿסڡ
ֳִ󵶣Բ㣬ֻӲ
䣡
ֲĽʱһ̨͵һ澹Ȼһ˿ѷ졣
ɫ䣬屻ֲĽʵѪӿֲ˸ֱӽɷס
û뵽ʵôֲһκˣ𾪵ȴں档
һ
һֲٴ˷ȥ̨˲һ֮˲Ŀӡ
ǿɫɷףͫһ˿
䣡
ҧҧ֪Ķ֣ؿڵժ˹ȥ
һз粨ʱƽϢ֮󣬱̯ƿһơ
ã
ȷƺޱĶһ֮󣬱㳯ǰ򴳹ȥҪȥսǰˡ
ĿĲǸԼһͷҪĽһսͬҲֻĿġ
ѾǿͨԱȫ˼ЩˣֻĽһսԿʼսԼǰˣûһܡ
ǿٹ۲˰զ࣬һЩǰˣĻ׷״һֱͨ
㳡·ʼնڹ۲绨һ˿Ȼ
ıӰ¶һЦݣҵȻҪ
ǰһ仰ڲŻشͬʱ峺һӰৡһʧҲսС
սţȻǲʾĽŲ
ǰԺչسϣһսˣܣֳʤٶ֮쳬
ʱһĿȫȥ
ƥĺǺֱײٶȿֲ˾һֱǰһ·ȥһ粨ֵܶٶȸǾ˵۾·˵ǰ˶ᱻײĳԷȥһ
ͬʱҲԺսÿ׹øע⵽ǡ
Ƿսһδεǰ˽ûнԼͳȥȫǱηĽùġ
һ˲˵һ˺ǿ󣬶һķڷЩͬˡ
˻û뵽˳ɳٶȾȻô죬ڳȶ
ǰʮλϣԶǰƶ֣ǵһ
ʦܵĽٶȾ֮죡
һߣҲڹ۲ߵʵõ𺳵ĵɴ۾Ĳ˼顣


259 
ԺսͣؽţÿһӵͨĵӶڷսȫսֻΪܹȡһõΣ춨Ժеĵλ
㳡һţͣ˷̨һԲ߼սͼԷơ
һǧŰΪΣյһԭһ֮ڵĵӷ׷ױ񣬺ͣĳ֣ʵĵҲڴ˿̱ȫʵ˿ܶǿֻΪʤ
ʤı
ƥͣڳ̣ûͣµһ̣ͺҰںֱײ
Ǹȶ˲ĿӣҲùĲаľĳϰԵͷ
ûܹ뵽֮ǰոսԺӾȻӵ˲ս
ⳬÿһ˵ΪԺ˳½Ӽûһ˲μԺսܹ
ҰȴޱȷĴһһӣÿһ̨ͣʱ䲻һӣӲȥÿһԺ˵ֱǲ˼顣
ͬʱ̶̵һʱУԺ˾޴䶯
ڵԺûһ˲֪֣ЩİҲûĶ¼
һ
Ʈɽޱ貣˷񣬽
ֲƾ磬񱩵γһķγһ޴ǰԺӳȥ̨˿ֲ𶯡
ͨƷ磡
ĵɫ䣬û˿ԥʩչͨĲһԿ
䣡
һԷͨݺݳһ𣬿ֲ˺Ȼϯһգ̶̨ϣ˷
̤վû˿Ӱ죬ĵȴɫɷףߵķݰ㵹ɶڵ档
ǹһ˿Ѫɫ԰Ȼˣ׼վʱȴоϵƱ˶ˡ
ã
Լƶӣһʧ̨ϣֻɫ԰׵ĵӡ
˿ǳǰսĽ֮һս
ٶȷǳĿֲͬû˿֡ӵͨǰĲһֲʵסһǧ
ˣٶȸӿֱֲ׷ĽŲ
һη壬֪˷ֻΪĽһսΪҪĽŲĻԺӶҪһӡ
˿̵Ͼ˼Ŀ⣬ǵֻս
ǿ֮ԵĵͨˣǺǰ㣬ȫͨһأȼͨˡ
ǰǿԺӼͨأͨأߵĸǳء
δͣ£ҲûбǿĶ
ҰĳţлһͨǿҪƴ֪ûкõΣֻҪƥԺһ񳱡
˺ǰս֣ὫǴˡҪסҲûй˼ˣһǡ𽣡ͽԷͨƵҽ֮ˡ
ֶٶֵĿ񳱡ЩҪסǰǿһη壬ûס˶޷սˡ
ǰĽŲ΢֮ͣһ·߸ͽ˿ںǿǰҪ
Ҳһο񳱣̺ŵĿֲʵֶΣסԺӣ׷׵ͷǰȥǣҲս
򣬺ܿͱƣİǿ
ͺƽһԺսԶύ㣬ԶſֲĽٶһܣ˿ɵ
İǿһıƣֱɱǿ
һԺӱ֧飬޻֮Ȼһֱӱѹס޷һܡ
ǿɱǿ򣬽뵽ǰһԺеǿߡ
ڶǿһǧǿĵУȻǷǳǿĶ֡һǿͲͬˣܹռǰһλãѾ˵ǵĲ֮
Ȼлвͨǿߣǰһǿͨǿ߿ɲͬͨǿߡ
ܿ죬ʹһǿΧڣˣ˵ٶƽɫһͬһǿеС
ͬһ㣬ֽԾһ̨
ʦܣʦܴҿ׹
ֻһŨüۣǱõһ˿ЦЦеĿ
ΪҶչʵԵͨǿߣԺսռŰʮΣһֽƮɱ˲գƣɱȴȫǱڵӣս൱ֲ
ԭҶչʦ֡
ޱ飬ȭ֣Ҷչйţ֪ͬԷĽһͨ
ֻҶչûжȤĿĽ飬ǹƷҪǰſսԺһ˵ĻҲμսҷսһһǿߡ
ǺǣҪսսңҲҪסΣʼɣ
Ҷչ΢΢һЦ赭д˵ţνʡ
ͽ̣
׵ͷڰսڣ͵̧ͷ
ǳ̲
Ұ
죡
һֱӽʩչȷˡ
ֲϯɽҵĲţͺһ㣬ֲ
Ҷչ΢΢һЦ󽥽Цڵ۾ֳһ˿â
ϣ
һͳ뷢ҶչֻһС
䣡
񱩵ֲ̺˷ȥ
صɫ΢䣬ҶչҲһ˿ֲܿ˳Լͬĳȥ
ж̧֮ͷҶչǿˣһս֮ǰһ˼˵ˡȻˡ
һֱ۲Ҷչʮ־ȣԭΪǰ߲Ķ֣Ǽ򵥵Ľһβ֪ǰߵĿֲ
ȻУȴһ壬ƺһнѡ֮䶼һֻԼ֪ԭɡͬʱҶչҲ֪ڸղŵһײУ·ˡ
Ҳ֤Ҷչ֮ǰˡõһμ򵥵ײ֮ɲУжʱ̧˺üΡ
˶ţһԲͫһսա˫Ѹܵ˸Ես⣬ʱԼͬٴοʼ
һ
ͺȣ̤֮˲һֲĽϵı
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷչɫأ֮ԡ
䣡
˳ҶչٶȺˣոס֮󣬸Ա㶼ŶԷȥ
ѤĽսǰ˳սٶȿֲ·ӰһͬʱҶչƶٶȸͬһһϣһա

뽣ײͣĽӿ˷ĶӭƮɣ˵ĽսӾԵĳУǹ⾳

ֳֽݺݿڶԷĽϣ̧ͷҶչһۣ׷׿ʼ֫ϵս
ȭ򣬽Ǵڻ״̬
۾΢УķһȵϢֲ𵴿
˻ƣ
Ҷչɫ΢䣬ʱѡˣû˿ԥ
ٶȿ磬˲š
쳾ƣ
ҶչֻҧֿķݣȻˡ
飡
ԣĴһɰɽ֮Ƴǰȥ
ʱҶչĲ˫ؼ磬ȥ
˻Ľ⣡
ţһȣ˿Էһ˿ϢĻᣬҲĻᡣ
Ҷչסĺ͵̧ͷɫȻȻЩ⧲
ͨһն
Ҷչҧ沿ŤԵֲ˲ͽͨʩչ
ս˲䱬̨ʼѷ죬ֲĽ˲˲
䣡
ֲĽݺݳһ𣬿񱩵һ˷ȥȿֲ˵ĲĿ
Ҷչɫ԰ףɶƴȫסġɫ΢ףԪнƻָ
ý
Ҷչ͵ؿԼ촽Щ죬ƺҪѪʱʻȥˡ
΢΢һЦû
ʦܹȻһָ̳Ϊְܵķڷ
ҶչҲ¶һ˿Цݣʣȭ˵ؿϵժ˹ȥ
һս֮Ҷչսе˼顣ͬʱҲԸ䣬Ϊͨʩչˣ޷ռϷ磬ˡҲ֪ˣȥҲһܣҾ䡣
ʦֹˣ
΢΢һЦȴҶչ˸еһ˿ֲ
զ̧֮־ͽסҶչƣҽԼƸ˶Է
ʦܻսиǣ
ֳֻƹֱȭҶչͷųǰ̨ȥ
ǰһǿԺʵֲǰٶڵõһ˿Ƕ˻ûб˰·£ͣͻš


260 һ·ʤ
ԺսɵĽš
˶ս˴ܵĵӴ󲿷ֶˣʤҲд󲿷ܵˣ⵹Щȴ˵ĵӼ˱ˣڶԷ˵ʱսвһõΡ
ǺþЩӸոõƵʱ򣬾ֱ˵Ӹսˡ
ЩǱȽϻȥӵˣȴҪʵȥŻưոݵˣһ·߸ͽҲòһǿĵӲĿӡ
˽Ժսʱû˲ĳ߳һ۳ϣԼһԺӡ
졣
ۿԺսеһ꣬бŷһ˿ΣյϢͬҲһ˿ɱ
ԺսеıֺǿҲӦֶЩ
ȻƾʵһǿʱһκˣʱɱĴɱ硣
徳۷壬սȴԶͨǿߣ
ɫ£𺣬Զ㳡ĳ̨ϵ꣬ͬɱĴ
ԭֻǾ˵ĻкܴĿܣǽչֳʵʱȷһϵʵ
ɱɽ֣
˿̣һȷ˴¡
ֻȴ֪ȫţͷ죬ȴĴȫ鹦
Ҫ֪ɽɱ֣Ļ׻ɱǰߣ
˿Ļʵû뵽СӵĳɳٶȾȻ֮죡
ٶۣ侲ӵе˫ȭקࡣ޲ھͳȥɱȴܡ
ɱø磬ĵѶʵ֮ǿڶ̶̵һʱһǿٲĽŲµʱɱҲѰ
沿ŤԵֲҧгݵģ·޲Ҫǧˡ
ɳȥͨŵ޷赲סʮ֮ڽˣʵԺӶʮˡǵǰʮԺ೤Ͽ츳ĻǸʱǾ͸Ӿٲˣ
ҧгݣ˵
˵ڹ㳡ϵһʵҵ͵ĳǣ޷ס
ֻ˵ͷĿϣһգգɱӿ
ֻеȴΨһϣȰŵҰ޸ա鷽ܹסǰĽŲˣ
ۣһ촽תȥ
΢΢һ㶣ϳһ˿Цתȥ
ԺΪȻ˵ʵжǿȫԺеİǿ
Ҳ˵Ұ޸һǿӵͨ۷ʵսʤһͨǿߡĺ鷽ֲһˡ
Ϊк鷽˾пֲ츳ʮԵ֧طߣɱǰʮǿԺǰʮǿǰʮǿռݵλãǰġ
ŻȥʱЦԺ鷽ʵʮ˽⡣УҲ޷ڽǰʮǿΪһ鷽ڣ

Ժսδͣ£ҲڲͣսţҲ֪˭ǰȴԼȥ
һһֵսڰǿлЩȴ˹Ŀ࿴
Ժʵ˵ģԺеӶСһЩǿԼȽϣĽûн
ΪЩǿҲ֪սʱǻӮ䡣
ͬʱһЩǱʶвսͬҲһЩںεĵڴһս
ڼĿⶼˣеǵ֮һǿҪߣΪûͣ¡
ץոֵһʮƣͳһ̨ȥ˿û˵Ŀ⡣
Ծһʮ̨ʱȴЩ졣
ʦ֣
΢΢һ㶣ߣʶĺ֡
ʮأҲ֮ǰһͬկִԺӣͬҲСӵĶԱ
Ǻǣʦܱ
ͷڣǰֽȣϢʮŨأɲС
΢΢һЦֽȭկһаδı档ղԺսұʦһݣջֵ׼°ɣ
д⣡
ءžһ½ֽȺϣȭ˵
ͽ̣
Цݣͷ
У
һӰģֱسȥͫսڡ
ֻ΢΢һЦ˫û˿Ϊв˫ԼֽȡֻŤתֽȳǰӡ
̨˲һɵٶȸǿֲգ֮͵ǰ
ɫأһݡȫһ
ãϵˣ
͵һ⡱ŷһǿ󣬶صʵȴռʮλϣʵֲĻᷢĹȻթ
ţǰصӰţǲӰ
ʦܣҪСˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬󷽱㴫ص
ʱɴ۾ΪܵʵԵ룬пֲҪǱеĻԼ͵ͬڰˣҲ޷սĽ֮һս
ৣ
һƷͺһȰٶȿ쵽󣬾ȻصĹ
ɫȻЩ˼飬üͷ
ֻһ
Ӱڸ߿У̨ȫХͺһ㡣
ضʱɫ³˫ֿʼ
ͨģ
ֻȫµһֲидܳɫ̨ʱּѷ첢Ѹӿ·Ҫķһ

ɵһ쳤Хҡγسȥ
ͬһʱغֽȣһӡȻ䣬ֲѸٳȫȥ
񱩵ȫ˶Ժм䣬һΧ˲ͣ裬Ʈɡ
䣡
Ĳ⣬ص໥һһʱֲϯȥƵ̨ѷ졣
ûзֳʤΪ໥š
ս죬ɫ״򲻶ʱȫӳڲһϣͼġ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳʾӳ֮ԡ
һ񱩷ǳڲͣĵţصɫѾˡ
䣡
һ׹ģЩֲȫ𣬳سȥ
زУæһڵ˲֩ѷ졣
ЩۿһɫĿɿڴаз󱣻й¶Ȼһˡ
Ȼض˲һܵɫЩ԰ס
أһһ
һκˣʵͬʱҲȣÿһ˶
ʦһɵǧΪְܵķڷ
ţػٴγһ˿ЦݣֻԵЩ԰ף޴󰭡
ʦˡ
΢΢ҡͷ˵
˽̸һʮƼȥս


261 
صһսٶһ񳱣رǺߵʱǰߵĲһʱ˲Ŀ
˵صʵܸߣֻǲԸȥսѡ˶֪飬ǽһսȴУʱЩܸص֪½ӵĶ֡
սսȡʤʱŶֽһлܡ
Ұͣǰܿ죬һʮĵӣ˵ǶԷġ
ΪҰҲɳǰһǿߡɹסǰôõܶô
ȻսʧܵеڶλᣬڶλֻսǰԼһսǹء
ʦܽԺȻԺݴ򵽰ǿʦֿǶʮֵĸȤҲǳܹһ
ҰϹеЦݣġ佱
ҰԼڶʮʮ֮䣬һ׳꣬еĴмٽУȴ
ʦֹˣдҵĿģǻǿʼɣ
ۼüͷоҰЩ⡣ԼֱģԷ˵ʲôͬҲΪܹǰȥ
ʦܹȻˣã
ҰЦһεĿ佱ȴһ˿޵ĺ⡣
ͽ̣
˫ֳֽޱĶҰֱȭ
룡
ҰҲûаʲôʦֵļӣͬֱȭȴΪпкܶ˵Ц滢ء
̧ͷҰ۾ŷһ˿ս⡣
ֲȻ̨ĳĹΧҲ׺ޱȡ
ǳ̲
һȣӰͬһ˲ͳҰǰ̽ԷʵһСǳ̲ȴǳĿֲΪֻпֲĽвܱȶչ¶ʵʵ
񱩵γһٲȻγɽҰȥͬʱһýγɷҲȹȥĹȫ渲ǣԷһ˿ĻᣬҲĻᣬֻзĻᡣ
ҰûҪ߷Ϊǰˡ
죡
ֻҰǹһ˿Цɤͬһը죬ػص
񲻿ɵĽԵĵݺݳһ𣬿񱩵˲γһɾķƣڶΧĴǻ
˵Ķû˿仯ȵҲûаΪһγѾʼԿˡ
ԼУҰĽ뵶γһԲ׶ﲻͣ໥ţҲڲϵͼѹȹȥ
Ȼ֮䣬ɽԷİԵһ𣬷пڽһ
Ұϳһ˿ײɭȻЦҲһ֡Ƶóѡĸо
һֱעҰ˵ǰ秵ĻѾЩԾˡ
ڿԷ޵ı¶飬ʱһ㶡ţһɿֲȻ˫֣ʱԣǵʹ
ͻȻ֮䱻Է񱩵ˣҲ˷ɶԽĿƣһɽ֮ƳԼķӿ
ֻһƣͺʲôԼϣʱɶ
ÿֲ
һκˣԺȫҰĿֲٶȻʮֵĿ졣
Ұ϶ʱֳһ˿ЦݣԼжءղſǶȫĽϣ˫ˣ̶񱩵ĵƽӿǰҲܹˡ
ҰΪӮˣΪвǽ˫֡һ͵˫ˣǻֽܳҲ޷ܹڸ֮ǰһǿ
ֻҰ֪Ԫк顣
һԪѸٸ˫ţûøոܵ˾ͻָ
ָס塣һ̧ͷͿҰԼ˹
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üͷ壬жʱһϵеսʽ
ҰԭٶӦ㣬ٶȴʮֵĿ죬пȴǻǲ
ҪٶͣԶսͣλ
ֻһ˿Цһ߸ԾϿС
նʯ
һɽ߾ٹ磬ֲϯһ磬ͬʱһ¡
Ұɫ΢䣬һֲ˹ͬʱָղ˵ڴ˿ȴ£·ѹûбһ
ҰǻȥЩ飬ڲֿҪˡ
ͬһʱϵӰһһ̱Ұĺ󷽣ڶ̾ƶϣٶȿǿ硣
Ұ
˫ָͺ֮ӳһֲĽһβҰĺ󱳳ȥ
ٴƶҰҷ죡
ٴƶҰ󷽣һ
ҰǰĮĿ罣˻Ľ⣡
ʱ̨һɹɿ񱩵ĽΧķƱĴ۸Ƶ̨ǳһ˿ѷ죬⼸н뷢Ȼֲ˹
Ұɫ䣬ΪûеֿһСնʯ˷ͳһһֲĽ޴ɶ㡣
ͨ裡
ֻҰ沿Ťֲҧг
ɲʱһɿֲƺȻϯһ񱩵ĵ̨֣ʼҵĲ
ʩչļֲȫҰ£ȥ̨мλȻһѷ죬̨·ʱķһ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬̨һͬ׵һֲϯǿֲĳԽһͨһǿɳȥ
ס壬û˿Ӱ졣
Ұȴɫ԰ףûаѪɫۡһ³һѪȻˡ
һ̣һʱҰ·
á
ޱ飬ƳһҰһ˿ɱ飬û˿˼ɾͽժˡ
ţһ̨ȥ
Ұķһʮη岻ѡ
ͣڳţʮʮڡ
һ·߸ͽǰʮǿɱǰʮǿֱһǰʮһǿơ
û뵽ҲˡڸǴǰʮһǿ֪һʱ˭Ӯأ
һֱڹ۲ǿһǧɱǰʮһǿˡ
ɱǰʮһǿоЩڴһս
һߣͬҲڲͣ۲ޱȣֻ徳أû뵽ʵȻõ˿ֲͻƣһսҲʮбܰܵ
Ȼ˵Щ޷ġ
Ұս£Ҳʼսǰʮǿˣ޸ա
ͬʱҲסǰĵӣǰǿ鷽


262 
Ժսûͣһ̣ÿһ˶ѰԼĶ֡
ͬʱѾսεѡޣ⻹һЩܵ˵Ȼ
ǰǿ̨ϣȣӴһ˿㡣ǰǿ鷽ЦеĿ

鷽Ϲһ׽͸ЦݣЦеĿͣţٲȻһǰģ
ڴ˼ʦ֡
΢΢һЦֱ΢΢£ź鷽ֱȭ
鷽΢΢һ㶣ЩȻĿԺǴ˵֣⵹ǾȣΪѾˣԺǿѹʶ
л˵ʦԺսȡѼǴҿǲŹģǰǿ㻹Ǳˡ
鷽΢΢һЦ˫ָڱ󣬵˵
һݣѾо˺鷽֮еһЩ⡣
º鷽ΪԷ˽⣬ֻҪСһЩܹսʤ
ڶԷԼкܴİܹܺ鷽
ͽ̣
΢΢׵ͷޱĵ˵
ৣ
Ȼ֮䣬ĺ鷽һʱνʣ˹
һٶһû뵽ղŻǰԼĺ鷽Ȼڵһʱ֡һǲɽȫȫսĽࡣ
鷽Ϊ԰֪顣ʱѾҪȫսһʱ֡
ټϽսֲ־ˡ鷽ɲа֮ģղ˫ָڱľٶΪ
ɲʱɫϾĿ֣֮ɫ
鷽ʵ;ˣڲȷˣһȫս֪һ˲䣬Լ·磬Ҫ
˻Ľ⣡
Ŀ罣һűȳһʩչ˻Ľ⣬ɼԺ鷽˵ӡ
鷽ɫ΢䣬ڡ˻Ľ⡱ĸ֣׹ΪĽĳʩչҲʮֲֿġ
ͨξˣ
Ȼ֮䣬鷽ͽͨʩչֲͨȻڵһνʱʩչˡ𺳵飬˶µĶ壬ǾǰǿҲҪηˡ
ԼҲû뵽鷽ƴ⼸߸˺սʽ
֪鷽ΪʲôԼӣѾǹЩʱˣʤҪ顣
һ
ͷų˻Ľ⡱֮û˿ͣʹһǲһ
鷽ֳ֮һ޴ˮˣг·ݽȥͲһ
䣡
鷽ͨĹİ˻Ľ⣬һȥʯ٣˫ʹɢ
ֲ޿ɵֵĿһ˷ӿ񱩵Ĳལĳ̨ϵĸλá
鷽ܵ񱩵徹ֱӱڿнϢסӡ
鷽ô£Ȼ˷񣿡
ոס壬͸оȫѪӿͬʱһκˡ
ҪĻֻƴһˣ
۾֮ڰгһ˿֮ɫ˶ʼ
նʯ
һ
˻Ľ⣡
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ͬʱأĿֲĽͬһʱѹȥֲĶ֮Ȼû֣ͣʼʩչҪ鷽һܡ
ͻȻ֮ķйۿˣͬҲ˺鷽
û˸ô񣬾ȻԵʩչһһֲĽУֱɱһ
鷽ɫ䣬ղŵͨеں߾ȻʩչУҪʩչеûпܣΪûʩչһһеı£ԱЩ
֪˷Ļ鷽϶ӦѾʼˡ
䣡
ǰʮǿһ춯صλ̨
ֲĶ˵ĲĿһӰɶ̨ʱ˾ͺ˹һĿɿڴ
Ϊ˾ǿ鷽
ʦ½⡣
ץеǿƣ̨·ĺ鷽ֱȭ
嵽ǰǿ̨ϡ
ޱȵĴĵӣֱӶǰһɵģ
ȴ͸Ϊֱġ
û뵽ʦ֡
ǰģЦһ
Ҳû뵽ʦܾȻǿ
΢΢һЦеڴԸԳá
Цһ΢΢ҡͷֱȭͽ̣
Ļؾһ˰ڳ̣ȵսȻ
ĿᶨҪǰս콾Ľ顣
һ
һͺը죬û˿ˮֱһ
ŭ𣡡
ҲһߣشǧĳǹУֱӴ˳ȥ
񱩵γɷ໥˺ҧֲһһ𵴶
ɫ΢䣬ȫѪӿ͵ĺ˳ʮಽŽжסġ
ޱȣϹŵЦݣӶǹ綾Ŵ
ĵĿֲεʯһѹϣǿֲһ̴Σա
⣡
ɫһ䣬һֱӳ忪ƣһ񱩵Ľֱȥ̨Ƚ˻ܡ
䣡
ֲٴϯȥ񱩵ڸؿڣĽɫ΢䣬ֱӵɶ
ʦʵˣսȥѱƣұ֮ǰЩɣ
ɫЩ԰ףָֻܿĵʵԲսȥҪõʱ֣ûùĵơ
Ľʮಽж
۾˫ְǰг˯Ļһѹ˾˵һĻ
һֱ͸ʮ˵ȫˡ
ǡ
ɫ䣬Ŀǰʮ˵
ʮ˵ģһ˿⣬ֱӳ˹ȥ
͵ؾѹʼֿȴЩġ
ãûȻҽƣ
˿̵԰ף亹ðȫһɶȫû֧վ
֮һͷųҲ֪ĺҾˡ
Ȼˣȴġһ鿪ʼɢԪʼ޸ָ
˿̣ԺеӶˡ
ʮ˵ȻĳǰһĻֱЩţŻȻĲٿء
ĸڸսǵعʱȴǹЦʼʮ˵ս
ֶβһиһǿʮ˵һ֣Ǳѹס޷ֻʣ·Ļᡣ
ͨԣıѹס֮󣬾ȻҵĹ˿Ϣᡣ
һľˣͲסֱʩչͨʮ˵ȫ𿪡
ܿ죬ʮ˵ǰͺ̵ѹȥ
񱩵ˣֲֶзһʮ˵ַš
û뵽Ȼôͣ
ķǺݺݳ鴤£ɽһʮ˵ÿһ·
ͷ󺹣ǹͣ裬š
˻Ľ⣡
ģֱӳȥһ
񱩵ȻϯȥһХһֲĽƲɵĿƳ¡
͵̧ͷһЦݡ
ͨ飡
ͷɢһɱӰֱӶŽϡ
䣡
̨˲ķѣĵ嵹ɶڵϣǹһ˿Ѫ
ʦ֣û°ɣ
һû뵽ʮ˵Ĺ¾ȻķôͨҲ١
ˣ
ȴЦ٣Ϊڸս
Ժȴһκˡ
ŹЦģҲ¶һ˿Цݡ


263 սڶ
ٿػĵĻޱȣһκ˾þòƽ
˻ûлعʱѾĵ̨뿪ˡ
û뵽ʦܾȻܹģǰսҡ⵹Ǻ⣬ҲڴܹһսڴҽȫԸ
ǰ΢΢һЦνʣԴ
ʦԺڶˣʦǰҲֻһʦܽ뵹Ҫ㣡
ޱԵʮ࣬ƽʱڻսʼ֮ǰǵֳֽȴ˫ֳֽ
Ϊֱǰս˶ҪǿԺڶˣҲԺڶĽͣĽ֮¡
֣ڰ֮ǰ׼Ҫǰʱй˽⡣
ǽ𡱣ֿʮֻ𱬣ȴһꡣսԺգԺԺڶλôûֻܸĽһ˶ѡ
ǿޱȣѹҲǺܴ󣬵ѹȴܹһɳ徢ҪĽһս
ǰѸԺ˴ˣѾֳʤ
ʤˣ
Ҳڹ۲ƥҰû뵽ƥȻôսǰλãٴ𾪡
Ȼ˳Ժ˵ʱ㳡ˡ
˶ò˼飬ϾһŮֻǸսԺδһˣǻֻʵˡ
ͬʱսʤԺ˵飬Ҳȼȫ˿ʼ᲻ˡ
СӶԱȻܹսʤԺˣôаٷ֮ʮĿܻ𣡡
һʵȷʵֲܿǿɱôģʱҲһӣҲһԺսһ·߸ͽռԺڶ˵ĳƺţԺֻܸĽһˣ
ʵǷԺպգͬҲŵӣ콾˪ֲ֣ʹڵӣ
ˣոûĸѹƵ޷ҲӦ֪ĵʵΣҾĴսʤɣ
ƨ֪֪
˲ȫԺֳۣӪǾǿ϶ʤסԺڶ˵Ӫ
ӪȫܼᶨԼ뷨Ͽʼ࣬ƽʼۿսյĽ۽ǵսв
㳡ͣսĿⶼ˵ڶ̨ϣаġᡢصһЩˡ
Ȼ˹˵ȴֻб˴뽣еľս
սһ
ȫ۾ɵùĹĵģ⿪ʼս˰ġ
ǳ̲
Ұ
죡
ɫϾٶͬȣӽٶȿۻҲ޷Ķ
˲䣬ּ̨񱩵ĽһųգΧס
ý
ӹһ˿ɫȻ֣ע¸һۡ
ţ𲻸˿иԺĽ
һ죡
ɫϾſһͺȣһŻɫŭĽĹȥ
Ȼ֮䣬мλñһɿµ̨ʼҵĲһ񱩵ϯ֮лֲĽ
̨ʱһѷ죬ӵ̨ͷ·ʱķѣ̨ıҲʼй¶ӡ
ȻԼͬ˵ͬһʱ̧ͷԶӶԷпһս⡣

һЦݣȡ
Ҳ¶һˬЦݣ㳯ǰԾϸ߿ڿпʼ˼ս
ѤĽսͺһǰչеճ̶ȴֻ֪
ٶȿ磬Ӱ׷ɣ񱩵Ľ洦š
ǵٶԽԽ죬һһνӽܣˮ©ⳡսֻԼ̶̵֪һϢʱ䣬Լ˶ٴνԷ˶ٴν
ѤĽսڿнУѷѽ⣬ڸ߿յҲʼ׹䣬ɴѷѽ⡣
ܿ죬𵥽ŽӴ棬͵ս̧ͷһۡ
˻ƣ
һߣ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬʱƳһƣΧĿ͵𵴿񱩵Ӷ˺󱳳˳ȥ
飡
ԣֲȻ໥һʱһ𣬿񱩵ĳϣٴβԼͬĳȥ
ɫףʮಽŽжͬʱȫѪӿܡ
ҲܣɫҲЩס
ƽɫڰ֮ȴʤˣΪк顢Ԫָĺܿ졣ȴʲôҲûУҲܷõҩ
ʵֲƴȫȻֻܴƽ֣ҪӴȲС
ղܵȫȻָͬʱа¶ġ
һ˿Է𾪣û뵽Ȼܹƽֻ֡ȴû뵽˻ƵѣǿĽĳ
֮⣡
Ȼ֮䣬һȻը죬ܿ͸ܵһɿֲĺ⣬һٴһ˿𺳡
̨˲亮¶ȼ½ֲĺ̨ʼһԼٵٶڶᡣ
˫ֳֽȻվڿеĺ֮ϣڵĺתݿֲĺ
ɫǵڶֲĺˡһ򴩱ڵʱ򣬴콾˪ϸܵģȴϸܵ˿ֲĺ⣬콾˪ĺҪʤһ
ͨħ
Ȼ֮䣬ҧȻʹһɿֲĻ˲ֱ죬̨Ƚ
ۿһκˣΪ󷨵ԭ޷ܵĿ̶ֲȣܹƵʩչͨޱȡ
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬֮ħһ𣬿񱩵ѷ죬̨ҡҡ׹໥̨һ꣬ͬʱһɢ
ɫ԰ף˵̨Եֱӵɶڵϣܿվ
˽ɫ԰ף亹ֱðĻָٶȴǿĿֲ
ڰһսȼգµĺ˲仯һεˮֲȻ֡
۾˲Ŵ󣬸ղǿֲĺھǱԼͨħҪȵ
֮⣡
Ȼ֮䣬ŭȳһɿ񱩵ϯ˲䱻ȼյı
ͨħ
ҧ沿ȫȻŤԵֲȻһʩչͨ
ֲŻʱ̨֣˲һ͵ȣһͨ徳ӣǾԻᱻ

ſĴһɻĳ嶯ͺɽһ
䣡
ɿ񱩵ĻȻײһ𣬿ֲϯһȵԽһ˻
֮ͺһһܹϯ
Ļħȴһˣڻ¾Ȼҽɣ֮ⱬը
䣡
̨˲ķѣ̹һӰɶ


264 һ
ɲǼ䣬㳡žš
˵жղŵɳȥӰ˭Щ֧ĵһĿɿڴſż
콾ԺڶˣȻˣܸһսԺûһĵϣ
Ľÿһ˵󣬰ġᡣ
һֱ¶һǳЦЦ绨
ֳ׵ӡÿһ˵Ժˣû˻֣Ҳû˻һСӻռԺǰλãĽ顣
⡭СӾȻܹƾʵ𣿣
һһĭ˫۵ɵøţһ벻˼顣
һʶ㣬ҲżսΡ˶Ĵ콾¼е⣬Ҳûйһչ¶𺳵顣ǽȴ𺳵ˡ
˵ʵĴ˿̺ܲʵΪʲôսʱ
ΪǸʱѹûҪԼˣԺȫҪȫʵսĽ顣ûʱŷӦԼкԪڡ
ԺڶˣȻܸˡ
˫ĿţſһżԭΪʵֻǳѣȴû뵽߾ȻôǿŹ˶೤ʱ䡭
̨ķѣٲȻһ档ȴûбƻȻ㳡ϴ󲿷ֵ˶Ҫꡣ
̹𣬵ɫȴԵʮֲ԰ף˫עɵǰ𣬺Ԫڷİָơ
Ӯˡ
Ǿþûж¶һ˿Цݣţ˲ָ
ȿȿȡ
Ȼ֮䣬ɵǰȻˣžһҵĿԡ
˵ע£վһؿڣӺѪɫ԰ǻһ˿Ѫ
ȿȡʦʵǷսܵķڷ͵ؿ£亹ܲϳһ˿ѵЦݣȭ֣ɫƶߡ
һֽסֻԺڶ˵Ƴģƺֺǡ
ȴû˼еƣæȭ˵ʦƲᣬҪúõʦм˵ҩʦ¡
е˽⣬ЩȻǺĵĽԼƵĵҩ͸
һ;⡣ʦ˺⣬Եܷĺ⡣
΢΢һЦҲֱӾ˼˵ҩ
Ŀⶼϣǽ̸ţеӶʱӦ۷׷ס
ô˵İɣھͻ𣡡
ոսԺûһֲ̫ˣҪ֪𻹴ûаܸԺκһϣֻ콾ǰŻܰ
ʵЩ˼飬ֲ̫ˣҶô˽⣬ǿ˵˵飡
ڽԺ֮ǰ飬Ҷ֪Ҹ˵
Ժһ鼤㵸Ŀʼ顣һʱ䣬Ժ˿ʼˣʦһЩϡ
һսԺݣһ·ɱǰ⳹׵ԺˣڵҲȥЩ
ʦ֣һûа꣬뿪ˡ
΢΢һЦȭ֡׵ͷǰ̨߳ȥ
ڳǰˣ
תɲǣбŷһɿֲս⡣
ԺսĿľΪĽһսѾǰȻҪȥս
ͬʱĶ˷׷׿˹ЩһΪǰҪ뿪ˡ
ϾĽĴ콾֮һЩӲҲ޷뵽Ȼȥս
Ȼʱûע⵽ȴ¶һ˿ǳЦԶ걳Ӱ૵֪ȥսġ
ڹ㳡ͷһ޴̨Ӹ߿տǰ̨ͺµʿԽǰǰʮǿǰ˸ϴ̨ͺиһڶ̨ͺĽ
޴̨ͬͳ˧ߴʮɣмʮɿԶԶŻĿ̨
˵ע£Ȼתһ޴̨
޴̨˫֮һս⡣̨Ľȥ
ɲǼ䣬㳡ϵ˾ͺʲôݺԴһʱԭأԺһƬհס
ԶԶŵᣬԼص˶ʱס
ѵսĽ飿
Ķʱ˫۵ɵùĹĵģ˫֮𺳡ڲ˵ķ
ȻҪսĽ顭
Ǳһٶûһһһľκһʱƽ
˫̤רĽ̨ʱеӷ׷׷Ӧɴ۾Ǹٶꡣ
һһ̤ȥÿһǵľһκˡ
㳡žţֻһһĽŲŲ󣬵ÿһӶȴͬһ
һĿɿڴһһ
̫ˣȻҪսĽʦ㣡
ǰʼĽʦҲûнܹκսΪѹû˸սҲ̫ˣ
˵ԺĽʦĶ֣˵Ĵ콾ҲûмĶ֣ӮοĽʦӲս˵أ
ʱ㳡ٴһ񳱣ÿһ˶ʼֻ۵Ļȴ˭ӮĽӲܡ
ǱȽֲܿЩҲԸһ㣬еǰ콾ǰԵЩˡ
ľٶȴúܶ𾪣ǰԺѾϡӡˡ
Щ۷׷ף˷ͲȥʲôֻҪĽһսӮ
գ̤һݣߵһ̨ϡ
̨Ͽȥһ۷ĸоΪмǧͨǿߡվ˵ĸо·ͨǿڽһ
ûȥЩ飬ֻҪĽһս
ڴĽʦ㷢սһ
Ȼ֮䣬һ羪װĴԺ
оԺ˷׷״˳һ𺳡
֣ܶ˶İĽ֣˲ʶǰ߷սԺ죬ӷ׷׸Ժ㳡ͬʱ೤ڰ۲졣
һһվ̨ϣԶԺ
ԺȫִĿȫǾ޴̨ϵ꣬ĶӭƮгҲһ񲻿ɵƣԶԶȥ𺳣м
ֻбĶųȫˣΨһȴʼնûг֣ǾĽ顣
ܶԺӶ֪Ľǲ׽һսġ
ȻԺսֻҪսͲܲܡĽ鲻ȴûһ˸˵ĲǣҲûиҲԺһˡ
ĿĽԺһˣǰһȽϸһĲֵ
ż۾ʼȴ
е۷׷ף˴α˷
ɣĽʦǲ׽սģ
ȻĽʦֵĻҲܻ
⻹˵𵱳ĽʦĽ³ŲоͰˣĽʦΪͲ֪ʲôز
еӶʼ̸ţΪĽ鲻֡
ʱԺȴһŮ˵˵ĸоͺһǰ
ʦܾս⣬
ʱ㳡ȫʧӰ٣һŴ۾ԭء
ҿԺһսɽ˲ϯ
ֻһλ¼ٿշƮ裬ףĽ顣


265 սĽ
Ľĵ˲۷׷׵Ĺ㳡žš
˵ֻߵǸˣӭ裬ںķ˿ȴһͺǳ׵Ůһ㡣
ˣ
ڰһԽԽеͺһһɿ񱩵սȻϯ޴㳡߼ı˲֣бŷһɿֲ
ͬʱ̤֮أ̨ҲһĻ̨ͺһιָסһκζ޷й¶Ҳ޷
Ľ鵥ŵأպø󷨷գԵò
ս죬һɱ֮ɽͺܵ˵ս⣬ʱչ¶һ˿׹⣬ҵĲ
Զս졣
ĿȫڶϣȴڿĽ飬ԺһˣĴ콾֮һ
û뵽Ȼս
һ˿η壬һκˣþ޷ƽϢ
֪᲻أ
ȴԵñȽɲûжٷӦֹһʼ²Ľսս֪ܿյĽ
ӶʱȻһ𾪼Ӿηͬʱһ˿η塣
Ľʦôܻս
δ̫ˣĽʦô
Ľʦսսԭ򣬻᲻ΪߵʵȤ
ƨĽʦκ˸Ȥս϶ʲôԭģֻʵЩֿԡĽʦʵǱһЩϻҪǿᰡ
ĽʦʵֲܹҲ޷֤սʦʸֿԣ
ȫʱ۷׷ף˷ĳԵú֡ͬʱЩԺĵȫһΪսĽһ£ȫֿԡ
Ҫ֪Ľִʲô˻֪Ժ־Ǵšܡ
еĽ鲻£Ҳ޷ܵˡǰս֧ǰߵһӣҲһΪֿԡ
㳡Ժ顣ֻĽȴ˵ģЩˣΪûΪʤ
ⳡսĽʤֻֿԡ
Ȼٶ֮Ļ⣬Ҳ޷ŵĽ֮ս
ȻΪĽǱʤģ绨ȴ֣ޱȣǴаֽ˳ĿԴ
˱ĽһٶˣҪλ콾ֶѡڲ֣Ƕ˵ǺεȵҫΪԪûмνġ
ЩǵȴʵֲĽ³ŹУ
սӵʱȻȻΪǰ߻ʤǵսĽʱЩҲֻһֿԣʧܵĻ
һ
ڰ֮еսͺǻɽһĿ罣ȫ±һɰЩȫγɿֲĽͨһصʵչ¶š

ɲǼ䣬̨ȫȫɽתĽЩĽγһ춯ص쳤ХĽȻȥ̨˲
˻Ľ⣡
Ľһȣһɷ·лصĽ˲̨֣һϯ˷ȥ
ĹٲȻЩ󡰺䡱һ羪װը̨֮ȫǿֲĸһ㣬˲ǧס
ʱɫ΢䣬ȫѪӿͬʱ֮Լлһ˿ʹԼҲûв£Ľһ˿˻Ľܽڡ
˺ʮס壬͵̧ͷ㿴Ľٶȿ磬ղŻʮ⣬ھԵǰ
˻ƣ
Ľü΢һһƳǹȥֲͺҪʮɸߵ̨һ
ɲʱֻиոƽϢѪٴαӿƵܣ͸оĽġ˻ơһɽһ
˻ƣ
ҧأжĽʩչ˻ġеޱ𾪣ͬʱҲƳһƣͬʽ
飡
񱩵˲˷ӿȥ˽ŵ¾һ磬໥š
ĽԵޱȣЩ˫۾ȴηͬʱû˿ˣȫӳ¡
Ȼ֮䣬һɿ񱩵ڶм䱬
ȻˣȻ̨ԵĽ龹ҲǺ峺һ˿Ȼ
·սЩһĿɿڴſһżȻĽҲ˵ĻǸоˡ
Ľʦİ˻ȻֲʦŸܵʲô콾
ɫ΢ףȴޱȣȣ㳡˶
ʦҲ츳ѷɫţϾҲΨһϰҳˡ
Ľ΢΢һЦϧֵĿ佱
ʦΪ츳ΡУޣ
ȻЦͬԺ졣һκˡ
Уޡ
ĽһпʼܶʼĬһ仰һϰƣ
һУޣ
Ľӹһ˿ϲת˲šһ飬
ȻˣǾĽʦ㿴⵱Σ
һЦгޱȣڰսɽ
ˣҲʦܿһΣ
ֻĽ΢΢һЦһȾİ¿ʼƮɿ񱩵ĽȻ
˿Ǹ߸̨ϵˣе޷
ɲ֮䣬̨һɾ춯صĽֱһȽӵĽԺضɽҡ
䣡
񱩵ĽԵƵĻɽһ˲䱬Ǿ޴̨ҡҡ׹㳡ǿֲ·˵ĽʲôֲＴ
ֱӱ񱩵ȫѪӿʺһ˿𣬵ָֻܿ
һһ죬ʦ
Բ԰׵ϹźЦݣ羪װը죬һ˲䱩ӿ
Ľ绨ľҲһ˿΢ЦȴһԲлһ˿ʣ·ֿǰ
ʦĽʦ֪ͨտɷһ
Ÿ߸һȴԺһЩϹҲų
·еһɴ۾۾жһ˿η塣Ľ㶼ģҪ̶ԷĿֲʽ
洫ŲȫšǧǰԳƸĽֺεºԳƸʦܽ볢һҲһʦܵľͨɣ
Ľӹһ˿ȣת˲ţ촽˵
յ뿴Ľʦͨʦܸʤһ
˲죬һЦԺػصеӸη˼ֱһͷβķӡ
ͨ˻۵
Ľ΢΢һЦ촽쳹ԺֱЩܸһеǿǣ׷ױɫ
Ľݰ˻أ飡
ͨɣ
ŭһֱӭ衣
ֻһһǿݣ
Ȼ֮䣬˷׷ױɫһͨǿߣӵ˿ֲͨ˿ѷĽİ˻۵
˲֣ռݴ̨һĽȴһսһ㣬·֮ϡ
񱩵ˮһ̨ϵıȻһ˿ѷ˲֡
󷨳ѷʱеľ˿һˡ
еû˿ԥġǿ߷׷ױˣɽ˺Ļͺˮһ˷㳡Ⱪӳȥ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬޴̨ıȫ飬ռֺڶԺһɹɻصĽƱɫ
ӱȿֲĽɫɷףһ³Ѫ
Ȼ⻹û꣬㳡̨ȫѹıѷѸӿ·㳡Ҫķһ
еӷ׷̧ͷɫޱȣ۾ſ־忴޴̨
ﳾ̹˷ȫѷ죬ҡҡ׹ӷ·ʱᵹ
Ȼȴ֪ĽʲôҲ֪ǲĽʤпʼ᲻Ӯˡ
ȿֲĹȻԺӣĽ飬Ǵ˿չֳʵѾеη塣
رʩչͨһɲǣеӶ˵ֿԣΪǰֻΪĽʤ뷨ʼҡˡ
ڴ˿û˸˵ֿԣΪʵ˵
ǰһ·߸ͽѾʮֵǿҲΪļˡǶսĽ飬ͨһصʵֲͨȴӲ콾㳡
ʵĪивٵĳڰо̾һκˣþ޷ƽϢ


266 ܣû
ĽʦͨԺܼʦܸʰ·磡
˶Ϊһս̾ʱ޴̨ȻһĿЦ鲼Ժÿһ䣬˶
ڸղŵһУֻ֪Ľ鵽׿ֲںδһС˻۵ѪǺ
֪ԼˣͬʱܵĸķڷսȴûоʹպĽһսʱ򣬾ٰܡ
ˡ
ʱ˵ֻһ˿ηԼʵԺû˸˵ֿԣȴӵС
ԭΪĽڼ֮ڻȴû뵽ȴĽ
ĵһ˿𺳣еһκƽ
սĽϣûΪӮġҲˣǲµסвŰܡڵֽȴϣ̫˵ˡ
֮ǰֻ徳أԺԺյԺ￴Ҳǲֵһᡣ֮ȴһٴԺŰզĽ¡ֻǰ꣬һ꣬ꡭֻʲô̶ȣ
һľκ˳Ժе𺳱κ˶Ҫࡣ
Ϊ֮ǰһοʱʲôױʵȴڰʱֱأƵħϴֲͨɡѧ츳ֻĴ콾ѹס
ˣֻ̨ϰˡ
Ц绨ž޴̨ϵ걳Ӱ峺л֮дż
˶ڿţޱȡ
˵ĽʦǲܵãȻʵֲĽʦǰЩ
ƨսʱĽʮ֣أѵûпһϳͶð˻Ľ𣿡
ΪЩС³˾ǰˣһӹɣ
۷׷ףȻ濴֮еģеȴÿһ˶֪
ʦȻˣȴû䡣
Ȼ֮䣬Ľ㴫˳ҶóУȻⳡսȡ˺ͽܵս
Ľ˵һ仰˵ͣһ۵˸һ˿⣬ľǲ졣
ʲôˣû䣿
ţûеõֻۣĽĽ̸еó
ɫ԰ףԿһ˿Ѫɫڻָؿһ仰ʱɸһһ£
ĽʦΪʦָԽ򣬺Ϊˣȴû䣿
Ԫˣľܿƾͻָһ룬ǰеĽ鹰ֱȭ
ǰ̹һλ콾չ¶ǰǳ׵Ȼȴûаĳ嶯Ϊ¡
ʦܲŻ˫֮ļͲΣţȴûмһȡ
Ľ΢΢һЦĿдһ˿͡
ʦˡ
΢΢ҡͷЦ˵еȴûн⿪
һľԴܴϸһ֮ȴû͸
·ҲˣĿ⿴Ľ飬߶Ŀ佱ʱиոƽϢľκٴ˭õǰ佱
͸ʱĽ
ҷ˵İˣȴûһʵ곤㼸꣬Ȼһ;ߵĸӳԶ
Ľ΢΢һЦЦ绨ƺҲ֪㳡·еĲ졣
΢΢һ㶣Ҳ΢΢һ㶡
˵ұʦܶʱ䡣ʦ͵ʱŸոսԺҲϣʵҲǴͬС졣ȻǸʱڵսȴԶԶ㡣
Ľ΢΢һЦǵķӦΣֻڽŸղ˵ġˣȴû䡱˼
Ϊ㵽䣬˵ܷ׷ңսȴԶԶʤһֻǰˣû䣡֮ıԺκһŶҪǿҲң
ĽЦдһ˿ѣƽʱϧڴ˿ҲȫʧޱĽп佱
Ľ佱»ʹ˻ķһΪԼҲһǿߡȴһΣΪ˭Ŀ佱ý
Ľȴû뵽һ佱ȴһκˡ
еľκһһƽϢ
ôܣĽʦôܻ㿴
ǵĽʦ䣬սϾܱȵĹôܣ
Ľʦ˵ǵͬڵ콾
е˲仩ȻһĿɿڴеԱ
ҲĽĻ߻أһԴհһƬһĭ
ҸһսĽ飬ܷӲˣ
սĽңǷܹȡһĳɼ
ͬһʱ䣬кȻʡ
ǣĵӶԼиǰʮǿĵҲˡ
õĽȴǲܡ
ԼܹһĽ鳩̸ô
ܹһӲĽУ伸ô
ܹһҪĽͨ˻۵ô
ܹһʩչͨĽԣ˰벽ô
ܹһ죬ܵǱô
ܹһõĽȿ佱ô
ЩУõĴȴͨͨǲܡ
Ƕ֪һѾԽԶˡ
Ҳ˸Եľ⣬ΪǸտʼѯԼʱʵǸȽϣǸĽȽϡ
ԺһˣĴ콾֮һĿֲѾӡǵˡֲ£˶ηԲսѾˡ
ȴͬʤΣֻҪĽһսѰһܹԼʩչͨս
ڵѾϡӡֲˣԼҲ֪
ͬʱҲԺһˡ
û˸ҲԺڶˣĽλ콾дδйĿ佱佱ķԺ졣
Ľʦ̫ˣһ;츳һ˵ôҲӢһ˵±̫࣬ʦܿɲΪԼܹһ;ֱϡʦȴҷºԣպʦһսٰܣ
Цһɺ׳־ģסˡȻһ仰˵ĸоǼӽĽĿ佱
һ仰ȴֻм֪ʲô˼ΪѾĽ鵱һˣʦ㡣ͬҲǵˣֻÿһ֮·Ҫһ֡
ͬĽҲ֪仰˼ȴ΢΢һЦҲһ˿ս⡣


267 ˻
޴̨ϣĽ̸µЦ绨
֪ʱܹĽһսʱ㲻ȡʤҲܣ
΢΢һЦž޴̨ϵ콾̸š
ԭԺսôȤûǰһ仰Ҳſʼս
ڿţ㳡µ˶ڿţмһκ˾þòƽϢ
Ȼ˿ţĽȴһӹһ˿죬оߺܲ򵥡
ŮΪλһ˿Σյĸо
ĽüжʱоϵϢֲܿһΣյĸо
ĽʵͿֲоΣյ޼ڵоΣգȴܵ˾ΥΣ֮С
Ǵ˳Ժᷭ졣
ʼո棬ĽǰǰЩȴ
˭˽һŮӵʵ¿ûмŮһˣĪĴˣ
Ľü̸ڼ䣬ͬʱҲڲͣ۲ʼ²
ڻؾʱĽûȥϸ۲ȷϺʵǷȷݡ
ȷʵ֮ĽӲ
֮Ůô󡣡
Ľü΢һ˿뾪ȡ
Ľ鿴ڻδɳšȴǾúߵ츳Һ񻹱ʲôӡסһͷųǽӿֲ
ͬʱĽʵ벻͸Ϊθһֱ
Ľпݻ츳ʵһҪȻ˲̫ǻβһڹ½ĳţʮ־벻⡣
Ľ鿴˿ֿ˿еȴʼûеõͬʱҲ뿪ѯʡ
ĽʦһսʦĶ࣬ٸһ˿ģ֮⡣Ľʦԭʦи֮
Ȼ֮䣬Ժгһ˿ǳģ֮⡣±ȭ֣Ҫ뿪
ʦܿˣ֮죬˷ûᣡ
ĽԼ˼лع΢΢һЦһ˿֮еĹâ
΢΢һЦӦһתķȥԼСԺ¥ٴȥ
Ľü΢˵Ц뿪ӹһ˿֮תƮȻ뿪
Ľ뿪֮㳡ֻʣˡ
ǵʵ̫ˣ֮ŷ׷뿪ܿɿһˡ

ҹ㾲
Ľһսķ粨ҲƽϢ٣ǰ߸սԺ
֣ĽĿ佱ԽԽܶ˶Ϊպǵ콾еĻ˵ԪΪ콾֮ס
ЩѹͲ֪Ϊ뿪㳡ʱֱ֮󣬾ͷŽգʼΪ˽ͻȻ򵽵֮ȥͼ֮⻯Ϊãǿʵ
ò˵ĽĴ콾֮һսܵȫȫµʶ⡣
ֳ׾֮ʩչʽȫЩͨͨǿ߲ͬӴõĶ򣬿ɲǸͨǿսʱĵõͬġ
ֶĸоǸĪ⣬ҪķѵľҲǷǳĴ
ܹǿʵɲԼľ²һӣ㳹׽һ΢״̬ˡ
ֻоһ˿Ҵܣһ˿ֲܿͬʱҲһѣںһ֮⣬ƺⱾͬԴȻҲύһ
Դˣʮ־ȡΪԭΪǶĳ⣬ڿǶ⡣
֮⻹İǰ˻Ƶ֮⣬а˻Ľ֮⡣
Ҳ֪Լʲôʱ⣬ǿԿ϶ǴĽսеõģΪԼİ˻ƣԼ˻Ľɻûôǿ⾳
û뵽Ľʦսʱ򣬾Ȼй¶İ˻˻Ľ⡣ΪյʱҲ֪
ипĶ࣬ȴʮֲԼյʱôûв߸ûգǱġ
ȻȻô࣬Ϊڵ⻹աʱͿǿ˻ƣа˻Ľˡ
һԼڵİ˻⿪ʼ˳Žա֮߹ȥ
֮ЩʹȻЩⶼͬԴҲϰߡڵһ˿֮ĽģںϵʱҪܵʹࡣ
ȻٿصĺþͲʹ࣬ʱҲҪһ㡣
İ˻ȫһ˿֮߹ȥ󻺻һ˿֮ȥͼѹסķٽںϡ
üͷ壬Ⱥ鲼ӣ֮пԿ»һ˿ʹࡣ
ڵһ˿֮⿪ʼˡ
Ϊһ˿֮֮ǰĽģʮǿİ˻ûпɱԡ
İ˻ʤڻͺһ룬һ˿֮һɳӡֻҪסСɳӵֱײҲ޷ײ飬ѳ
Ĳٿ£˻ܿͽһ˿֮֡
һ˿֮ձʱ򣬷ΪҵʹޱȺܿˡ
ͷ߳һε亹Ԫ̼Ľ޸
ʱٿŰ˻⳹׽һ˿֮ѹסһ˿΢㰲ѹס
ںˣѾһ˿֮ѹסںϵһ赹ǲѹһ
˻һ˿֮и£һٹķ໥ںһ
⻹û꣬һ˿֮ҵţԪһֱ׼ţѹͲܵκʹۣҪľǳ׽˻һ˿֮⳹ںһ
ʱеĺ鿪ʼתһ˿˿һ˿֮⳹װκη
ͬһʱ䣬˻Ȼͷţ˳Էһһھͽһ˿֮ںһˡ
䣡
һ죬һ˫ۡ
ǿҸоڵİ˻⾹ȻȫһΣ
ڰӹһ˿ϲ̧˫֣Լ壬Ӧеİ˻⣬Ҫϸ˻ƣа˻Ľ˶١
һ̽⣬Ͼͳ־ϲЦݡ
Լİ˻ƾȻ۷壬ʩչԱԼ֮ǰʩչʮࡣ
⣬˻Ľ԰˻ƾͽûôˣĲȴʮǿ֮ǰ߳ıࡣ
ʵû뵽һ˿֮⣬ȻԼôߡ


268 ԺΣ
û뵽ĽʦһսȻҵİ˻ĽͰ˻ֲΡôǵĽʦһ˿˻ʲôʱġ
ڰ˸ʣϹžϲЦݣо;Щ졣ܿ죬ͱеһ˿ǣȥˡ
˿̣ڵ뺮ʼķһ˿뺮ԵںһγһС
ͬʱڸ¥ڣԼ¥Ȼŭ
Բһȫ۹ȥ⶯ȻǼͻƵǰס
ʱסһϲϳ֣ĶȻҪͻͨءȻԺ￴ȴʮһһ۾æȥˡ
Ҫͻˣ
ϹſϲΪղŵĶסԵͺʱɫǵķ졣
ţæȶþ뷨Լƽ׼һٳͨصĹؿ
ȷʵû뵽ĽһսȻܹõôĺôͬʱҲʱֵʱԺеһ˿ͻƵǰףȻʱڵһ˿˻⣬ں֮ҲȫͨͨصĴš
Χ¥¥ڵСʼ۹ȥס塣
һۿȥΧͺһš
˫΢գȫڵ֮С
ǰ˫ַٱ任һӡһ
ʱ֮еתٶȼӿ죬Χ뵿ʼ˳ȫµë׽ڽ۹ȥ
ȡһգȴŨĲ󣬾ͺһ
ͬʱٶȿĿֲȫУͺڳԷһһһڵģ¾ͳˡ
иתȻͣͣҵ񱩵·ʱᱬըһ
䣡
дһ죬˲䱬ȫÿһ䣬泩ĸо鲼ȫн䣬ļ
еϲȴ泩ĸоѹȥˣΪ֪ڵԼѾͨǿˡ
߸ոͻƣԺҲһƬ͵״̬£еھԺս֮󣬶ѡϢһ
ԵԿԺ֣Ц
еĻάֶãʱһŭԺ
ԺȫԱ䱸ϡʦԺȫ㳡ϣԺȫԺſڵڵӵַȴ֧Ԯ
һŭףϯԺÿһطЩеľ̳˲ѣ澹ǳѷ졣
Ȼ֮䣬Ժ˷׷׺վ𺳹󣬽Ӷľһŭ
ɲǼ䣬ԺԺгһٿշеĳϣʦӡԺӷ˷һȫԺųȥһɱ졣
ھҹԺ
ոͻƵһŭöĤʹ𺳣žĿ⣬˲ʧڸ¥档
Ժո޸깤Ĺ㳡ϣǧԺӱֱվһгŸֱٲȻ׼Ҫս
һԺʮȫ֡
Ժȫһŭ⣬ɱ졣
ġᡢء¥ǡ𡢺鷽ԺʮǿӴУЩ˶СӵˣԺһŸԵСӡ
Ȼ罭ڤȺװ
ʢ½Ҷͳ˴ǸԵСӣǰԺǵڹֹзɱԺ
Ұ¬̷Ԫʡ׽˴ǸԵСӣǰԺǵֿסֱӼսֿסڣ
硢ղǡԽܹ˴ǸԵСӣԺɽ·е鰴С޷жԣ㷢źŵȴ֧Ԯ
¹⡢ꡢա񡢲졢ľ˴ǵСӣڡ
㳡ϵһλϣͣĺһ֣ͬʱÿһֵһڡŸָ
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ǧԺӲϵıϸͻ֣ᷢܶСӷȣǿĸǿģĸһִи
ͬʱԺﷶΧڣԿڵӵӰҲв٣ȫǱԺܱɭ֣ɽɽ֮С
ԺſȻսҵսšԺŭ죬ڵ˹ҡ
Ժ㳡ϣԭǧʮϣھֻʣ¼ϣٸԺӡ
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ͬһʱ䣬ҲϸӦǵƶ켣ת׼Է档
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ĵҲ׷׸ӦˣȫԵȡ
˵ץһΪǰ͸ܵһɱϢǰ߶ԱϢУԵһʱͷ˱ڵˡ
ֻԶʮӰ֣һϢ´ʮˣһǱŵˡ
Ȼڶ࣬ʵһͱȽϲˣȫͨһأֻһͨǿߡ
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˿ûУһȼŭɱקС
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һˮֵһᣬûУ֪ԼʲôǾɱЩͼ͵͵ԺΪԺŵڵӴȱڣʱһٹԺĻǿɾˡ
죡
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䣡
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˾ȻֻԼܣ˿ͬڵÿһ˹ȻɥĲ񣡡
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ڵȻ۾ǰĻ˲佫˽ȥǱһҪֲȶֱӽճɻҽ
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ŭһֱӳǸڵ׷ȥٶȿֲһϢʱͱ⡣
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䣡
͵ըһ羪װ񱩵˷ӿȥڵӴֱ䣬ѪϢ


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ɽϵ˾·ˣΪʲôڵӻѡطıҲƫƧ
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ʦܿûУǰһȻγɵɽмڵڽ̸ûв´ǿ϶ıιԺı
Եĺ鷽֣أָŴܲڲһɽ͸ֵķ϶Լܹһڵӣıŵڵס
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һЦȻԼȻΧˣΧԼľȻǸղŻսԺӡ


271 Χ
鷽ͻȻ꣬һʱס
Ժڶˣ
ǰͻȻһЦԭҪȥնɱǼŵӷ׷״ܳɽһɹɺɽȣɱӯ
ʱعĿ罣ڵĺȫתûȥڵŵӣĺ鷽ЩԺĵӣԺصİǿӡ
޸գȥ泤ϣˣ
鷽˿ûĿ⣬Եֲɱӯ
޸޼ɵĴЦһűתȥ
Ȼȴ֪ǿеĳΪ鷽ѸǱΪ飬ߴӽԺ֮ǰǱڵ̽ӡ
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ٺ١ǵȻԺӣⲻֻһκѣͻˡ
鷽Ҳûô࣬ΪԺڶˣǼֻص˶ѡ
ʵȷʵˣȻʵǿԺڶˡǺ鷽ˣмŵҲҪɱǰߣҪĽֻΪʱ䣬ȴ
Ǹʱ򣬺鷽˵ˣҲȫˡ
ֲܿ³Ҫ֪ԷԺԺĳϡҪסȻ֮ء
ھ㣡
ŭɽȻ֡
ıȻҲӦ侲һ㡣侲ΪղžһԺǰǿĵǰȥ㱨ĳˡ
⼸˲ֲʴŵľǿֲʵ־ܣȵǸϵҪľ̵ʱڣһΧȱڣӳȥ˰æϻ㱨⼸ǿѾȫȻѡ
Ҫ֪ǶԸĿԺڶˣصԺڶˡڻǷǳʱڣڽԺĹؼʱڣȻǻҸڵӹһݺصĵӣǳҲпܱο⼸ӡ
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ֲսʵֲҲһ𺳵˺鷽ˣǷ·һοԺսķˡ
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ҧгݣͫŭڲͣš
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ҪЩǸϵ֮ǰȥֻǰֻһӣҲпѣеѣǳ׷Լ
˻Ľ⣡
н֣ŤԿֲһֲĴɽȶʼҡѷ˲ֲѸӿ
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ֲĽȻϯɽȵȻɿֲĽͬγһĽ鷽ʮ˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һɹɱ̹ǵĺһ񱩵Ҳһ֣˫мĵٲȻѹ̮ȥ

һ˻ɽɽȵĽǰȥ
鷽˲ʾһ˸𷢳Ĺһɷ˫طʵֲ
䣡
һ춯صľȻը𣬿񱩵纣Ͼˣֹ˷ȥǿʵֲĺܡ
⻹ûֲ꣬İ˻ĽĵһƬ̮ȥһɣͬʱ˶ԷĹһ߳ȥ
鷽ɫ䣬ԺӻǱڵӣһͬʱȫӴķ
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һӿֲľ֣˻Ľͬʱ飬鷽˽Ǹһߵ˳ȥ
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鷽򻹱ȽᣬϾ˶󣬶ÿһ˵ʵֲԲûܵơ
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Ҫʱȫսһٳƺ鷽˵ķߡ
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ı⻹δʩչͱɿֲѹס޷еһ⡱вá
鷽˲渡ϲɫıȭȵݼϣ
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272 ս
УԺٿվһ˫Į۾дŷıŭ·˾֮
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ϾʮԼʲôˣҪ˵ԺҲֻһϣԭҲȻɱ˺ߵ׶
ȴǲòɱģȻԼǳǸЩûаãһҲǳֻװɵϾϵʵܹ׺ġ
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ߣƿСǰװɵ
˫ðһɱŭ֣ͺ񼴽Ļɽһ
ͬʱϵһѹͷųֱӽС
ɿֲѹϣͺһޱȳصĴɽһʱȫѪӿƺһûз
Ϸ㣡֮ǰںˮ̷ִԺ߼ʱǷڵڴע⣬ûȡݡ֮ʱᱻˣڷҶֻɱӱڵжȡڵٽڵӴˣ̶Ѱһսɱ
տʼĿסŭͺɽһͬĤۡ
ͬʱѹϵѹҲȻǿһɽٲȻɽ
ȫѪӿںڵֿѹ᲻ʹࡣ
ϣԩң֮ǰҲֻһͨ徳Ժӣɽʦͨǿߣֺεº˴ı»ɱɽʦ֣ĪҪΪǳݣͿãԩˣ
Ҳŭˣҧгݣ۾ͺ˵Ŀһûаη塣
ȻڱֳģȴһκˡΪλ֪ͬʱаѲǵһڹᣬȻʱ
ߣϷ֤ȷ䣡ɱͬʦֵܵͽǰװɵҪΪϷ֪ǰ
ȻŭͷųѹĴɽݺϣ亹ð
ҶƿСɱԴһλԺϵ̬ȾӦ
ڣ˿ûиڵĻᣬһ˫۾ɱӯ
ɱҶɽѷԺɣֵҶײԺϸﲢȻϷվҪԺ㼫̣
˫Ŀ֮ŭ緢ףģͺҪ߻˲Ÿġ
ھ仰Ҳ׹ˡ
ڵƾͺڰǰĺˮ̷һû˻֪ڵӣƭԺӵڶһɽȡҪɱˣҲû˻֪顣
Լ֪Ժӹڵʱ򣬶ԷҪɱֵģΪǲܻԼǵ롣
ҲǸѲˣֻƴˣܻĻᡣ
Ȼ֮䣬̧ͷչֳµݣһ˫ڰ۾ɱӯ
ﲢڹһʱѾԺϣʣλһҪжƭȡҵط𾴣ߣС϶ǳʱڹھǴʸҴԼ̣
£ͬף쳹ԲﷶΧһ˫۾ͺɽһۣӿһɱŭĻ档
ͬʱӿһɿֲѹһɽѹȻ𿪣һȵƻȻɣ˿ѷѹ
ɲǼ䣬һƬͺͺĴȻֹͣͣǱÿ
໥ӣѹֵЩֲ·ʱᷢ޴ըһһɷĸоڿ֮С
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Ļǳ˵Ŀɱӯ˵ãͬһ㡣
ɣ
ɲǼ䣬沿ȻŤֳһֲݡͬʱһɿ񱩵ϯԲһأȫ
˻Ľ⣡
ʱһͬװϯԲ񱩵˲γһŭƷشٽǧľ޴ʯ顣
ѾˣԸ˵̫ࡣȻҪƴǾͲҪ˿η壬ȷˣ
ͬʱҲʮ𾪣ʵ֪Ҫ߳١ûг֣߾Ѿ֣һθоߵĲͬ
ɱˣȫڿ־嵱жɹ˭֣
ȻûУǰ޼ɵָڣǸ
ܵ֮ģֲ֮ģԺӣĽ֮ĻҪ
ͬʱҲԭͱɱģӿɱ
ССҷϷƲãղɱĿ˵ĵӣʵԺң
ŭ棬Ҳ޾ɱ⣬򵥵һ仰ΧĿɭɱ
䣡
ֻƳһƣһ޴ӡƾճ֣ӡڰ˻Ľ֮ϡ໥ֱֲϯһٶ׺ڶм䱬һ磬ɱʮ㡣
ЦڱڽԺʱԺȴͼɱԺӣȻö֮ĸԼһɣ˵С϶ЦЦţ
Цͬף˼ɵĺݺһƣɲЦ
ԭΪĹܹĹе𾪣мɱɽ֡
ǽӶľǺߵһЦڱŭ״̬£ָͼӴףֱӵȼһŭ档

ҧгݣһһٵ˵ɱ쳹Ƭա
ȴ֪һ仰ĴЦ
ЦС϶ͷβ˵˼ҪĻҪɱɱҪо͹УôķϻʹҵĽûУ
ٴЦ죬顣
ȥ
ɲǼ䣬͸оԼ챻ˣͬʱҲָԼһ˷ϻʲô
ţſ񱩵ɱпֲո£ȥ
һʱ䣬ֲϢȫֱȥ


273 ͨ
սһ
޼ɵЦȻֹȡ֮ľĿ⣬Ľâ
ҪľǼŭΪʵˣǰ˵ҲΪ˼ŭһֶΣ˵ô೰ЦĻҲҪŭԹΪ
ʵ˵£Ҳ֪ȡʤĻʮã
Ψнŭֻ֪һζĹһζҪԼʧȥжͿڼԼʵǰ£ֲȡɵĳɷݡ
ĻͿ˳ѡҪĲǻɱԺϻ㱨
ǳ̲
Ұ
죡
Ȼ䣬ȳȫʽƲ֮ϵĹף쳹ϱ
һɹɿ񱩵ĽƲɵһӿ纣ϾˣʯľϹ
һضɽҡһֲĽγһǧɾ̾ڵϣſѪڣӴȻһȦȦƶԺϳȥ
һһ磡
ŭһ屬һɻصɿ񱩵һҲ̶õĵٴηֲ̮ѹɼӲޱȵѷֽӶֱڶм˺ѿһһɿѷ졣
䣡
һ춯صը𣬿񱩵еһ㣬ӴСǿֱӽ˷ĵһƬ飬ԲһﷶΧڵĵȫ飬ѷһ壬̮ȥ
ֱֲϣһʱֻڿգֱӵɶߵķһʱȫѪӿоһ˿𣬵ǲѪס
ǴӿƮƮ̮ĵ棬ҳɱĿһ˿⣬·ɳȥһ˿С
Сӣղأ
¶һ˿пЦݣ޼ɵЦ鲼ɽȡ
ղķŭһεõͷţ⻹ԶԶɱǰ߶ⲹĶɽ
ȿȡʹĹǰĵô
Ȼ֮䣬ɶס壬̤ڵϡ԰׵¶һڽЦݣŲ԰׵ɫѸٻָѪɫղڳܵȫָ
һСӣǲײĲᣡϷ򲻻ô׵ɱ㣬ҪϵÿһιҪʹ໹ҶʱĲ
һûжŭȴЩģη
ţ¶һ˿пЦݣ˲ƶ
һʱֻԼǰ·ʲôֲĶһ
ɲʱһӥצƳԼŴſֲǿѹп񱩵ܹ𵴡
ҧȥצԼϷܹȥ
Ⲣûֻ꣬ƶٶȷɿ죬ת֮ٴѹ񱩵ֱǰɽϡ
ţ峯ҷȥһٶһץǿֲľȴԼļʹ
䣡
һצںڵϣԼѵĵٴνֲܵĳһɿѷֱſ񱩵ŵ˷ӿܹİɫϯһƷ
ոס壬ûüڴ˱÷˳ȥٲȻһߵķݡ
̫ǿˣٶֲһֱ׷Ŵ޷˳ѣֻԶ̹ҸԼᣡ
ڿеɶûȥʹ˼
˵ʵʵĽҪǿ˵սȴǲͬġ
Ľս˵׾ǵͬд裬Ҳûжȫ
սɱԷԼκδϢĻᣬʵǿĻҲǰκδϢĻᡣ
Ϊɱв
֪һ㣬ڽսΪٶûжԷ죬ǿûжԷǿͺñһذ׸һԶսнܹȡõЧذڽսо䣬ʤ
ڵǱذס
Ȼǰͬʵ½еģʵˣԶսҲ޷ȴԶսиԼһᣬѵĻᣬֻҪߵ׷Ǿʤ
ǺǡһξȻˣ´ûˣ
пЦʮɭëȻ
ĿһּΣյĸо߾ʲôΣյʱǰߺȻ˫ֽһӡ
ͨ
Ȼ䣬Ŀⶢ¶һ˿ܲ˵ġâžһȡ
ʱһ㶣ȫ׼ͨȴͨǹġ
ɲǼ䣬ԲȻȫķ۹
ʱ̧ͷĴ
ֻǰɢǿҵİ׹⣬ѸͬʱγһԲεľӣɽȣá
ʱ˫۷Ŵ󣬰á
ʱŷͨͨ
ɲǼ䣬ͱ棬֪󷨶ǿܴſֲϢò
ңƵ󷨣Ҫһͨǿߡ
ڱܷˣ챣סˡ
Ȼ⻹ûֻ꣬һȣͨ⣡
ɲʱ˫۷Ŵ¶һ˿˼飺Ȼͨˣ
˿һκˣȻ˫ͨ𺳵ˡ
Ҫ֪һͨͿԽͨһؿȴź˫ͨ͸ӿֲҲԴ죬Ѷȿ̨꣬ҾɱҲõһ˿ֻе֮ĵһ̶ȣʵֵһ֮ڵʱ򣬲Żĵڶͨ
ֲ˫ͨԺûмӵУû뵽Ȼӵ˫ͨһʱԭء
ţһɿ񱩵Ȼϳӿ
ֻһɿ񱩵ǰһߴķεľӣǰߵӰȻʧ澵ֳԼڿԼĵӰ
֮УӴһֲֿĸоֲֿĸоԴڹǷ
ͻȻ޵ĸоǾȫİ˻Ľ⣬δܹ俪һ澵ӡ
ãȥһҪҳ˽дУ
Ȼ֮䣬ڷӦͬʱȫ뺮ͬʱת
Ҫжʱһξˡ
ͨ磡
ǳܹϲпЦݣһͨһЩ
ͨȻͬʱӵ̫ͨˡ
ǰͨεľǷͨľǿͨ
ɲǼ䣬ǰġ⡱һ˿׹֮ٴοԼĵӰʱȻͷĿѣĸо
Ϸ˵ˣܲ˵ģ
ЩЦٴȻͷĿѣ״̬оѹ˫۵ţĲ˼顣


274 ܾ
Ȼ֮䣬ɽȵİԲξųǿҵİ׹⣬Ǿγξӣ˲ھϵÿһξ档
ͬһʱ䣬ԭǰǸ׾ҲûĵӰеֻһ߿Կ
мȴһ޴ӣ·һйһǿֲķԼܹܵ
Ͼһͨһͨ۷ͷųͨ
Сӣ·ˡԹ־ܣϷһЩʹࡣ
桰⡱У¶һ˿пЦݣЩηг־塣
ƥ򣬱ΪӵͨͿɱң
ŭ죬һŭ쳹ɽȣһڡ硱ϣȻøӿֲͬʱ˵ĶԽܣӵЧ
ʱֻԼܵ˷Դͺһʯͷһ˼ֱӲɣհһƬžһǵʹ
沿ȻŤչ¶µݣͬʱһ˿ʹࡣ
ʱŷ֣ʩչĵͨҲǹȹܣǿ졣ֱӾͽԭǿЧǡ⡱Ҳڴ˿̵õһ˿ͷš
ɲǼ䣬ֻΧռŤã·Լ뵽һȫǾӵ磬ΧȫӰӣȴûм
⣬硱еһɳǵء˷ĳȥ
ȻԴȴһʹ·ץУ޷ȥٿԼзһ
Уޣ
ҧ·ҪԼҧſ԰һͬʱһܵе£һƽһˮУɨȥƯںϵһ
ʱѹϵʹ࣬ȫʧӰ١
ͨǿȷʵͬʱҲ̵ܴʹ࣬Ҳûвԡ
ֻܸͨһʹ࣬ȴ޷ʴߵ֮ġ
仰˵Ҳ֮ģ֮ǰǲġ֮ôܹȵùѵҵ֮ģ
һ
ȻѹԼϮʱ򣬵ὣһŭ
񱩵˲ͱһǧɾƺƴ󣬵
䣡
һ˲ǧɾڣȻڡ硱ϷɽΪ֮һ𣬵жڿѷѸӡ
Ȼ硱ȴûܵ𻵣һҪĿҲǴݻ١硱ҪĻǲԡ
ߣû뵽Сӵ֮ĵֲΣ֮ǿΣʵϾһȱ㣡
ܹƿͨĻþеʮ־ȡ￴˴ŵģΪߵʵǿ֮Ҳ޷ƿͨԺߵҪʹȥġ
ǧָ
ţЩٴֻٴγ֡ЩǷҲС
Ŀ罣ǧǧû˿η塣
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ȻеɽӰ׷ɣһֲĽСɱϰٸ
ڷͬʱе˼Ҳڿתš
ֲͨβơղŲһҲڰþܵˣȫĻᣬôʩչ˻ĽܹƿͨʱûֻҪһƿ磬ôʩչͨش
ҧأӰشܶͬһ㡣ͬʱҲһսƻֻҪܹ˳ȥɱҲƿԼĻᡣ
Ȼ֮䣬Ŀӹһ˿ϲҵһûᡣ
˻Ľ⣡
ɲǼ䣬ͬ״ƣϯ泾
䣡
һɿ񱩵Ľڡ硱֮󣬽µڵϽһɳʯ
硱ĴԽԽأֻҪʩչһа˻Ľ⣬ܹ
Сӣȫעڰ֮УϷûз֣⾵绹ᱻƵ
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һĿ˸һ˿ŭ⡣
ϧûˣ
ɭٴͬƲ֮ϵĹװ쳹ɽȣ
ֻǰһ޴еʼ仯˲ߵС
һɭɱ˲ϯж̺һɿ񱩵ڲҪʲôͷˣҪֱɱ

͵һʱһ
ţû˿ԥĴ߶⡣
֮Уʮ˵ȻѣҲй¶һɿ񱩵ǻ
ͬʱԪȫתɲϣʮ˵͸ʱƣһʱҲУΪǻһʱ޷ǰԺϡ
ɲǼ䣬һɼȲɣϢ¶һ˳ֱӳȥٶѸͬϻǿ
ȫҲʱ򱻳ȡһգɫ˲԰ף亹ð
ԪѸٲ䣬˲ָǰʱ侹ǲһϢ
ţ沿Ť£תеľ磬ûȥ˿̵ĿֻһǾƵ硱
˻Ľ⣡
ضͬװһ磬񱩵Ľֱָ磬·ϣؽһ㡣
ã
˲ⲢûĹ˿ӿֱֲʮ˵ȥ
䡪
һ춯صը𣬿񱩵Ȼ棬˲бһƬȻݽѷ쵱С
βƵġ硱Ҳһ֩ѷ첢Ѹӿ
ԣ
һסľ˲飬ǲһ׹չ¶һƬ̫

ͫһ˲ѵģԵÿֲԲһٶȡһգȫ壬һɷ·ܹصȻɡ
У¶һ˿ϲЦݣ֪⻹ûꡣ
Ȼ䣬תǿֲĿдһ˿
ͨɣ
羵һָ𣡡
ɲǼ䣬е뺮ȡһգתͷųҲȫգһʱͣתΪѾֲ̫ˣʵ޷ôͷųȥҲõ
䣡
֮䣬ȻըһֲһӿϯԲﷶΧڵĵȫѷֱӺɾ롣
ۣ
ͬһʱ䣬ڿе³һѪߵķݰ㵹ɶ
ˣ˵ܵǰδеˡ


275 ɱ
ֲϯһٶ⣬սҲڸһСӣǷ׷׸
ܵĳǰδеģߵķһֱӵɳʮء
ͬʱܵشҲģһգȫǵʹûа֧ڵ棬һĿĴ˲֡

Զһ⣬ͻȻһ˻ֻһӰٴ
˿̵ҲǱƽʱһ˵ģѲӰͷɢӸһŭһĸоǸǹһ˿Ѫ
ʣ˿̵ҲˣܵƲûиһأһСܹٿء
ȴǷˣһԺϾȻһͨԺӴˣ˵Īĳ衣
ߣɱĶӣһ״ӣֳòɱ
οҲڵĴʲôʱ򹴽ڣ˵ǾԲܹй¶ȥģ֪߱ҪȻ
ʵڲŸոʮѡʮ;˿ֲ츳˿ֲսܵһвҲǲòɱһɡ
ԣˣҲҪƴȫʱɱ
ͨ
ܹʹͨһʮֲֿ
죡ǾԲһ⣬һ㶼У
ͬһʱ䣬һŭƲ֮ϵĹף쳹Ƭɭ֣ͬʱҲˡ
ţһֲϯЩƲһ㣬ϯԲһֲ˹
ۼֻһܹɱЩͻȻֵȴѡ
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Ľһҧ飬֮Ȼתŷ򱩳ȥҪ˿ģ
ڴУûа԰׵ϱ鲼亹ƤգţһϢģ
ȫˡ
ǵٿԶ뿪ļݺݳ鶯һ£¶һЦݡ
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Ȼ֮䣬ܵ˵˻ƵһЦ
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ͬһʱ䣬Զλѷ׷׳֣׵壬žġء¥ǡ
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˵ģ绨˲ֵ֮ɫٶҲĸӿֲ
գ֮䣬͵ԣСؽ߲
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ĸǱףֻ˻ͬװ쳹Բһٶһ˳ǹڱս졣
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פԺһǧıڻأȱȽǣǧӵȴ´ҲŹԺıԲһﵽбڵӵټ
߳һڵ㣬ڵӷ׷׾ۼһԴ
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һ¶ȥ˵ԼˣļҲҪԺ
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ԭ֮ֳԺǰʮǿӣϷ򲻵ǣ㱻ˣ
ĻٴðҧгݣһȭںĳϵƷ󶫵š
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˵ûɱϣϷҪ˵ұȡĵرֻҲûΪұʲôΪ´κϷͰ㽫Ǽȫ
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һתʱ򣬱¶
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬һĺϣ߶ʱ³һѪ嵹ɶڵ棬Ϣŵ۾лһ˿ںޡ
ұ͵жԣһνҰɣɣ


276 ػ
ڻУרں˪ڣӱıڵǰ߼򵥵˵
׷ɱԺӣгñȥ
˪üͷ壬оԴаܸĽ֮󣬵ȫûѳ̶ȣʮֲ
ڸɷһ׷ɱԺӵ񣬺˪üűŭƣͽŵ߳ȥ
ҸܹɡΪԷԺڶԼԺʮǿӡ
ԵС̧ͷҲǴһ˿־塣

ɲǼ䣬˪о̳£˫ӹһ˿㵡
֣˪İ˵֮ǰڻؾǰ߾͵õ񴫳УǰսĽǴȥˡ
˪Ĵ콾Ȼͨ죬ر˽һսĺʵһս⡣
׷ɱԺӾȻ
֪ͨСˣҺ˪һ
˪ȻЦĮ˫һս⣬缴Ļɽһ̲ݻ

ԺһƬɽУɽһΪƫƧɽڲһɽˡ
ɽ棬վɽ߶ĵ˶ǣڷǳʱڣǳʲô⻹Ժһʧ
ȽĵˣԵñȽϵҲü峺һ˿ǣһɱŭ
콾˪
ͻȻ֮䣬һȣϢɽȡ
ĵͬʱһ׷̧ͷӡûзκ˾ѾϿգͬʱ콾˪ĸ̶ָһκˡ
ֻмڵٿվˡ
Ǵͷıŵݺˣһ£ֳ־޽˪Ĵ콾֮һ˪
ȻȫٲȻѾ׼սˡ
ĵһκˣűٴе̬׷׾ۼһػɽ˵
ĵ˵Щں˪ĮֻһЦˡ
ȴǲԴ
Ƕ֪߲ƣοԺѾȫս˫治ѵҳɣ
ߣ֣
˪ɫȻҲٶ˵һ´
ɲǼ䣬˪󷽵ŵһɹɿ񱩵ֱӳص˴ȥٶȿֲһʳӥһ㡣
صҧҧԭŭڴ˿̵õͷţֱӶ˵ĳȥǼʮǿӺݺݳһ
ġ
˪վи·ûжֵԼģ˵ͷ
ԺԺˣ⵹ֵҳ֡
ֻ˪һɱЦݣȻûнĿ֣ʮš
˪ʸţΪĴ콾֮һڵһˡľһԸҲûжټɵһģ
ս֮ǰ˾ְɣ
콾˪ȻЦЦȴһɭĸоһɷĸоġ
սһ
ɲǼ䣬˪Ӱʧһ̱ɽǰ
һ
һȰһɿֲĺ˲һ̹ǵĺΧˮĵطȫɱ
ţһɹɿ񱩺˳ɽӿȥһ̹ǵĿɽŰޱұ̹ǵĽſֲĵضɽҡɽȥ
ٴУһɫϾǳ
˪Ĵ콾öԸ赲Ĺӵ˵
Ķʱ󺰣ĳǹͱУһɿ񱩵һֱȻȫʵչ¶ֻΪ˪ǵķߡ
ͷһ׺Ľж̽ѾʼҵĲ
䣡
һ·ȫսźһ㣬񱩵˷ӿ
صڼŵӷ׷׳˷ݺݳһ
Բǽɽ
ǱҪɵ񣡲Ҫڵ
ǽԺܵˡɱǣҲѽͷ֮ޣ
ɲʱص˷׷ͬװ쳹ɽȡ
Բ˲ХŰɽȡ
˫ڸŵжǳ͵ʮǿӣⲢʹʵͬ
Ҫ֪ǰ׷ɱıСӡĴ콾֮һ˪ΪһСӵĶԱʵܲȥ
ص˵ĺݻոշųȥͳ˿ͷ
ЩԺһСӣڴ˿ٲȻӲʲôսֻбѹŴ
صȴûк˰벽ΪǸɽ滹˵
ȻǲϤڴ˿һСӵˣʵˣصҲñڵӹǵķߡ
ΪҪǵķ߱ˣôɽ֮ܵ˵ͱɡ
Ծۼһս˵ʵơΪǵʵȱڵҪר־Ըһ˻Ӳʱ䣬ǻһս˭֪ͻȻһƣͬڸܵУһǱʵҪߵˣûĻᡣ
صʮִɢɽĴܳȥڵӷֿ
ͬʱĶҲһֲĶ֣Ǿ콾˪
ˣÿһ˶ԸĶʵǿˣ˳·硣

ţɽĳһһʹĽڶֵһ±ĵɶʹȥ
Ըصıڵӿһۣתɽȥǵ񲢷ЩˣҪĻǺ˪µ
ģ¥ҲȱڵӴˣĳʧȥս
׷ɱСӣԼ콾˪ȫۼɽڡ
Ķ˶ʱӳԭ˪ĹѾЩ赲ˣʵƵıڵһ𹥻
ͨ飡
沿ȻŤֲʵֲĺ˪ˣȻʩչͨ
񱩵Ȼɽȶʼҡһͷ˲ֳź˪˵Ĺȥ
䣡
һ춯صը𣬿ֱֲԲľѷѸӿ
ɫһף͵ܵ嵹ɶɽȵ±϶ʱ֩ѷ졣
˪УʩչĲͨʵȴһͨʽʩչͨˣĴ콾
أ߽ĶͷѾ㺹ܲ绨û֮ǰĵɫеľǲ԰ס
ˣĵֶһʧȥսȥɽƵĻ˭Ҳˡ
赲һڵӵĹŮɽء
ȥˣ
ɲǽ۾гһ˿Ȼҧݣ˫ֽǰѸٵı
˪΢΢һ㶣ǽžɫ䡣
˿̣ϵϢ츲صı仯ֲĺ
Ǽڵӷ׷ױɫ˪Ҳǳһ˿أоһ˿ΣյϢ


277 
Ĵ±ϻؽҧ̧ʱ˲ſЩɺ˫һ𺳡
˿ʵһ㣬ͻƵͨ۷壬ֻһܳͨ
ȻֲѾǼˣͬʱҲסбʮǿӡ
Ĵ콾˪ҲϸܵΣյϢˣҲû֮ǰġĮ⼸ԺӷģǺ¶һ˿֮ɫ
˪Į֮ɫδչ¶ֻĴ콾ебһЩߵĳϲŻչ¶֮ɫ
ڵӸĿɿڴ·𿴼ʲô׵һ㡣
ôܣ
ôͻȻͨ۷ģ
ﾹȻֻԺˣôɽԺڶֻжֲ
⼸ڵſһżͫȫռǷӦʱ򣬷׷׾
⼸ڵ𺳵ú˪üͷ壬Щͷ
ұ졣˪ͺȣЩ΢ŭŮ˲ǶĳֶʵʱõѣԵģ
Ǽŵӷ׷ױͣ˵һ仰
ȥԸģŮԸ
˪ص飬·ЩڵǵĿһ㣬Ƿ׷׵ͷצĳķɴܹȥ
ĿһеʧӻȡһƷʲ͵˵ҩѸٷ¾ǼŵӴ˹ȥٶȿֲ磬ȻǸո̷ȥĵҩƻָ١
Įһ˫峺ź˪ֲͷų˷ԲһﷶΧЩֲ·ܵĳѹ˽ȥ
ֻаʱʱ䣬һҪڰʱָ֮
վɽڣǽ忴˶ܸܵΧķǳλ
Ȼӵͨ۷ʵҲֻǰʱʱѡͬʱҲ֪ͨ۷ߣ޷ܺ˪Ĵ콾
㲻ܻܣǵĻֵܹʵʧһ̡ʱûлָôÿһԺӶҪ
ߣȻкܹʵ챦ҲܹסҺ˪
˪˫Įǳ֮лоâת
Ȼɫ㣬˪ҲаϧΪֻȤ
Ȼ֮䣬˪Уϱļ֮ɽȱñ̹ǣΧɷΧڵĿǲͣڽ
ǻƽ˪ΧĿɱܿͻڻһȴûڻļ󣬷̶ȸӿֲЩȾҪӲ
˪Ʈѩ
ɲǼ䣬˪һ˲ëȻ·ΧĻþҪӱһ
ɽȵı˲˪Χıɫȫһ̣кȻƮ¶ëѩ
ü˪һûжٿµĵطȴʮµЩ̡
Ϊ˪ȫڱȥˣԲƻΧĻЩǳĻŻõͷš
ȻףԴ̽ҲࡣֻҪԸ⣬ʱ̶ΧĿռ۳
ɲǼ䣬ͫһȳ
˲ͷϳһ泾̶˷ȥһǧɾ˲ɽǰ
˪ӹһ˿ȻǵصıȫھϷ
ʱӰͺվˮϷĿòȻһСʯͶˮУͱģ
ûӰ쵽Χɽһ˿һͺʯͶ󺣣˶ݵûˡ
ţ˪Щȫɽȥͬȫʧû°㶯
鲻䣬صվɽעź˪Դ
˿̵ĺ˪ŷ֣ʵȷʵܹǰҪ߸սȴһֱأʲôҲɡ
ú˪ҧгݣҲûκΰ취ֻзͼķߡ
ÿһεĹͺһСʯӶһһϸ΢⣬ʹûпʲôˡ
βƣҲһֱȥ
˪ŭʼҵĹȻĴ콾ëˡ
˪ôǿľ磬ԲԼѹƵģ˵ǶĳطĻôһʱơ
Ժ˪ҪͣĹȵطʱȥʱһ˲ɱ
ʵҲˣֻаʱʱѡ
ÿÿȥһӵʱüͻĸǵͬʱҲڲͣĴߴָơ
һߣʵıڵΧҲԵʮֳϾڵһЩ˪ƣǿֻܸǴƽɫ໥ֵĽ׶Ρ
ͬʱĲʱͻ۲һֶܹãϣǸʱûлָأΪ˶ûкô
ȻʱԸ㣬Ը֮ţʱգ۶
ʱȥˣǹɿֲϢҲȫȻָ֮ǰʵ
ĶЩżʱޱȵĿ٣ֱڶûг
Ȼʱһϣ纫˪;ʱޱȵйɳӶ󺣣ֻܴϸ΢޷ˣеޱȵı
һ̣˪ڵõͷš
طʧЧˣҵҪ㻹ʲô赲ҵĹ
˪Цͬװ쳹ɽȣһ磬ĳ
Ķɫ䣬оܲԾ
Ҹ׳һ๥ôãһξһĸо
˪ɫɭ֮˸оһ˿
ͨħ߱񣡡
ɲǼ䣬˪ȳ˲ɽȣԲﷶΧڵ򶼱ޱȱ䣬еطͬʱǱ̶Խһ徳ѡ
˲ӹһ˿ż绨һ˿԰ס
Уǳ£鷢ҲĻôҡ
ɫ䣬н֣ʱ沿Ťֲ
˲Ǽڵɫ䣬ǺȻı֮ǰǿһȻֱӽɳȥˡ
ס֣
˻ͬװ쳹ɽȣҡ
ȴΪĴ콾˪ͨһ̱޵ҲԶԶԶԸ
ۿԷͨĽϣ˲Ŵ۾۾һ˿ɺ졣
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬һֱƽޱȵɽȴһȵƣͬʱһɱ
Ϣȫָˡ


278 ս콾
ɲǼ䣬ɽȵʱ·ˣü仺
˵Ŀȫɽڣһֽĺڷ꣬ɱ˲
صȫˣҲܵƣ콾˪ǳͨҪɱ
沿ȻŤֲηĶź˪ɱһκˡ
Ĵ콾Σ
⣬֮⣡
һ˻ըȻǰһɿֲı֮ϯɽȣϯԲء
ʱɽȺɿֲĺȫȫѹס˺˪ͨɽȱ̹ǲѸٽ
Ǽŵ۾ʼ־岻ѡ
˲䣬ɽȳżǿı֮⣬Ǽŵȫûа㷴ȫסˡ
Ǻ˪ͨħ߱Ҳļ֮⣬ͬ
ģȿֲı֮ûа㷴
ڵӲͬΪܵκ˺ϾǸղΪԼսΪԺǶԿ콾˪ҪľΪ˱Լ
˿Ψһܹƶֻ콾˪

˿һκˣΪɿֲı֮⾹ȻҪǿ
Ҫ֪ר֮ţĴ콾ճ¶âôһ£

沿ŤԵÿֲһ˫ڰѱɱռɭϢɱ˪һ
ǳɱģ˪ȻеëȻ
ݵʧ֮ȻӦȻŭ
Ժڶˣкʸ˵һ仰
վеĺ˪ף沿ȫȻŤ
仰˵Īĳ衣
˪ͱһɿֲƣɱӯ
кʸĪҪΪĴ콾Ҫ˶Ҫ㱨ԾηʲôҲǣĴ콾Σ
ŭǻ𱬣ֱƿڴ
ţиתȻͣ£һȵһ㣬ֲ˹
֮⣡
ɲǼ䣬˻һɽȳŵĲǺǿֲȡ
񱩵ܴ𣬻ɫһһߴǧɵӴ֣ŭ
磬ϯ˷ԲڵƷİﺮ˲־޴ѷ죬ܼѸٵţҡҡ׹ӷ·ʱᵹ
䣡
Բı⺮˲顢ڻȻݣѷֱӷֿһʮɵأбȥ
бס˲ЩŵӲ»ÿӭĸһ޴硣
ʱһĲҽЩŵ˲䱻ʬ޴档
ⱻסĵֻɫԵЩ԰ס
嵹ɶһ޴ʯϣֲĳֱ彫ʯ顣
˪ǱʱʹĹΧڣȼһ̣һѪ˶
磡

ۼɶҲŵش󺰳
û£ǿȥôˣ˪ͽҰɣ
ѸٷӦͷϵѾ䣬ͷɢȻһ˿ѪϵϢޱȿֲ
æͷ˷׷ǰȥѰصȼˡ
Ҫ
˪ȻʮⱩӻǸǹɺѪһģȥͬʱҲҧгݵĶ·޲Ҫǧˡ
㺫˪ҲĴ콾
ЦЦͬ쳹ɽȣ˿콾˪
˪Ǳף޲ðݶҧ顣һһԲֱȥҪúҪ˶Ǳģû֪ˡ
ͨ飡
ɲǼ䣬˪˻屬ޱȿֲƣȻ̮ȥͣļѹʩչǿͨ

ȴЦֲ콾Եޱȳ죬ͫеɱѾȫɽľˡ
ͨɣ
ɲǼ䣬ԲﷶΧڵȫɽȻ۹ȥռ̲סʼ·ʱֲᷢըһ
һɱɫ˴ɽ֮ϣֲĺ·ܹһжһ顣
鲼գȻһ㣬ͬʱЩȫȥÿһص壬Ϳֲһ֡
Բȫ뺫˪ϣսһʤһУ֡
䣡
춯أƲ֮ϵĹףϯԲأⷶΧڵȫ־˳ȥʩչ󷨷
ɽ˲ķѣͺҵһֱӽ˺ѳһ蹵ССѷһƬ
񱩵ϯпųɨȥޱȡ
ͬʱ߿УܿһƬѪƮƮշ裬һӰʸ㵹ɶǺ˪
˿̵ĺ˪ԡѪ˫ĿͻлðѪ
˪Ŀų¶âԺڶˣȻܹսȻܹĴ콾
˪ģС
Ľ齣£콾Ҳʵ顣£޷ܣֻʲô취
˪ͬʸһ㵹ɶһٶڵ档
Ĵ콾֮һ˪ʹ˳Ϊһʷ
һߵҲܣǹѪδδڵ棬Ȼܵˡ
˿ȴ¶һЦݣЦݣֻڱ￴ȴһɭЦ
ڵĺѸתԪ֫ٺ
ѸٻָûȫȻָеĺҪ֮ǰӾȻһս١
ġءѸٸ
ɫ԰ףȻƻδȬ
ǸܵϢްǺ߻ԡѪǹѪȴסˡ
Ĵ콾˪Ӱĵһκˡ

Ȼ䣬Ժһ춯صﵽǧ
һɫ䣬һ·ʲô޴Σһ
ӣǾȻӣ
˲侪Ҳűǣȥȥ콾˪ս
ӣԺʥַǧûûһΡ
һԺȴˣһǧδӡ
˶ʲô˼
ǾԺΣڴٽܹ
ӣٻԺӡڱˮһսػԺ
ԺΣߣ
һӶٶȿ磬һϢʱ⡣
ɫأɱӯ׷׸ȥ
սȫ汬


279 ΧԺ
һ죬ɢԺĵһһκˡ
һǧδӣȻڴʱ˿̾Ȼˣ
ʲôԺܵ㳲ŵսȫ汬
ɢڷԲ֮ڵԺӣ׷ȫٸϻԺ֧Ԯٶȿ磬գ֮üء
ǧԺȫһ۹ȥ
죡
ıڣȻɥĲ񣡡
ȻԺӳ飬ٹԺʵ
˵ϻϽǰ˵ݺݸıڣ
ԺԺӷǰţһŭͬףһСӵӴ
ȻȫԺһ򣬵ԺȴһƬ
ļ٣һЩӳֱӶ¶飬ȫǰֻΪϻԺֹɥĲıڴٽ
Ժǿ׵壬磬ս죬һִɱӯ
տȥʵ׳ۡһƬԺǾսĵ㣬˷Ժӷǰϻسһ㡣
вٸϻԺԺӣ;ŵӣ˫˵ֱսһ
ȥԺһ޴ս⣬˷ԺӸڵսһ˵ˣȫû飬ÿһ˶ɱۣҪȥ
ϻԺĶţбСӡ
û뵽ӱˣ
ǰҲԺǸʱûӣǲбڵĹƣŻ죡
ԺѾ᧿Σĵزǿ㣡ҪñڹԺ
صأڰһѪ˿ȻӸƼˡ
ٶ죬Σڵ
˵Ӱͬһ㣬ɭ֮УǽһԲ˵ӰһľڵΧʧˣٳʱѾڼ⡣
ǰʮ⣬ʮڵӵס˵ȥ·ʮĮɱԽԽˡ
ǰŵӣɵʮˣٻԺ
׵Ȼǰʮŵӣ°νʣ̤ȥ
ġء˷׷׸ϣս죬˿̶ɱۡ
ǰʮŵȻأȴһЩҪϻԺԺӣϧһ֧ǿСӡ
ڹԺǵסһҪϻԺ֧ԮԺӣ
ףһϣɱǣ
˶࣬һϾͿǣ
ʱǰıŵһŭ𣬷׷׳ʾسǳȥ
Ц
׵壬ϸϸڵǵĻЦһ
ǳ̲
һȣǺڰɱֱųǰͳȥ
ԺӶףһԺΣʱ̡
һ˶ֻսϻԺ֧ԮӣֹͻƷߣɱԺ
ֻǵʵȻЩ·ıڵҪǿԷ˽һԺķһЩʱǱⲻ˵ġ
ܣ
ԷһڵҲʾֱڹλһ
䣡
񱩵Ľϯ泾ݺݺǺϣʱһϸ߿͵ڵ棬һɳ
Ⲣ赲ԺڼŵӵĽŲһγսǰӣ˫ݺݳһ𣬶ʱϢƮϯȥ
˫Ӫʱһ໥š
ӵΧû˿ܵеѹȣڵһγռϷ硣
һߣĶҲӣҲһ˿ѹȣࡣصǸԶԸһˣȫȵռϷ硣˫ǿһ֪
Ŀ罣ĽƷ·ӽһɷΧڣͻᱻĽݲеǧٿס
һ
һ֮󣬽ӶıǿֲĽ⽣ޱȣһǧɾߣڵſѪڣΧ׺Ŀ糯ǰȥƲɵơ
ŵɫ΢䣬һСһȻʮֳûϵ꾹Ȼӵȿֲʵ
ڵҲϣһ˷һ˫طԵù
һݺݵسڹ棬һСֳ֮ڷϡ
󱬷һɿֲˣڵĳ˲伤һոµĴӳУڵɫףȫѪӿĲֱӺ˳ʮԶ
ȻǱõ֮ʱݵʱѾȫˣŵ֪߸ոĴ콾֮һĺ˪δսʱѾܵӰˡ
ƽԺԴѹҲǿƣǱڵɥĲڹԺᣬЩڵҲʲôöȥɣ
Į飬ҳɱڵӻһ
ڵ͵̧ͷ˫֮ӹһ˿ΪԭǰѾʧˡ
˻Ľ⣡
ͻȻһɱһȲ󣬵ȴڵӻһ֪¶һ˿־塣
һɿ񱩵ĽڵӺȻɣԲȻһ˵ĿĶĸеһѹȡ־塣
ܣ
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еĵӶڲӹ໥Գһ𣬱춯صս
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ͬʱעˣһ仰ǣסȻҪ֪Ϊʲôܹӵù˪׷ɱ
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ʱⷶΧڵ˴ʧɫ콾˪ȻǱϵӣ
Ҳһκˣ˵֪˪ǱϵӣԺһЩҲȫȻ֪
ȥ
Ȼ𣬷ԲıԺΧʼĲ
˴ʧɫʶغ˶


284 ˪ѩ
ʵֲ֪飬Ȼ˺˪ҲΪĴ콾
˪Ĵ콾սעѪûˣĽҲˡ
˿̵ıΨһҪľɱԺѪɺӡ
ˣ
һԺľһƲ֮ϵĹף쳹ԺΧ
ȽϿϵԺӷ׷˺󣬲ѾľǿսΪǸͲǶ֡
ȻЩԺӶѡˣȺܿҪϹȥ֧Ԯˡ
ΪԷ罭ڤ顢ġᶼԹۣЩ˷ĸϹȥ
ޱȣڿƣԴ
ԺӶ˺󣬵ΨУΪ֪ϵĿԼԼˣôһȷѪꡣ
ûѡܽΣմԺӣΨȫһս
ڵĺѸתתʮֿ죬ûйĿ١ͬʱеİֲȫ

沿ȻŤֲݣһֲΪģĶĸеһѹȣһη塣
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ɲǼ䣬Ժλȫѷ죬飬ѾԺӣбڵȫɳȥгһ޴磬ŰԺš
ǼԺϵʵ赲ıϣһɶһſھһѪҺ
ʱбڵŭɱ졣
ԺӿʼڽڰˣƲбڵĵӣһԺڷŭţȴʼն˺
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һռԺλãһռԺλãһռλãһռڱλãһռյλá
ڳϴ˷ΧסԺһ뷢ֲ𣬷Ʊɫ
ɲǼ䣬ԲһǧķΧڳһɼ֮⣬ԺΧλú˪ĳһѸٲԺΧλá
󣿣
ʱǸָӵԺϾɫ䣬ļ١
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ɲǼ䣬ԺӷĳԺųӿȥʮսĳϷ׷׳ԺɱԺԱȫԺС
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󷨳ϣʩչġȴԷӳʮ֮˵̬ġӿֲ
ԺΧӡڸ߿Уһʱ
ƱɫԲǧﷶΧڳűϢ˪ѩһǧﷶΧڵƬأǿֲĺһ߽ͨǿ޲ߣ󱻱⡣
ԲһǧﷶΧȫǱ˪ֻҪһؾǺһǧﷶΧڸǱ
˲һЩ߽޸ûаĵֿһ˲ȫ
䣡
Ժ͵һԺ˲֣һ޴ֱӽԺ
˵ԺľʮԺҲĵ
һ˲䣬еӵ󷨵СҲһ档
ڵ󷨳˫Ŀһգﵽһľ磬ͬʱҲﵽĿֲ硣
һ̣󡱵ܽʮ֮˵ӵޣеı˪ͺһ꣬ԺΧ
ԺĻԺҲǲʾɢֲĽ룬ԺԼˡ
ڿԿԺǹĻһŨĺͣţ·ͻƿһ㡣
ڵ󷨴ʦͣԲһǧĺԺĻԺ
ڤҲͣάԺĻԺ󣬵ֿ֣ɾ޴ˡ
ͬʱָӳϸǲָͣԺӣ׼һзԺƵʱе볤Ϸֿķ׼ˡ
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬ԺĻԺ͵زе볤Ϸ׷̧ͷɫ
죬
ָӳڵһʱ´
ʱе־ۼһȫʼֿ֡
ԺУ˪ѩĴ


285 ų
ԺΧ֣ţ侪˵ı̶ȴԽһнͨǿ޲ߣ󱻱ס
ͬʱԺΧ֮ϣ˪ѩͣƮ䣬һգԺΧͳһƬɽ
ԺӾۼһ֣ɫϾ
ɫԲ԰ףƲӹֵֹֿͬԺڲȻɾ޴ʧ
ǺֵԺڲܹͨԱԺĵȴûаֿ
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ԺӲʱͻעһ¡󡱵ֽȣʼһЩԺһЩֵĶӡһ
סĪҪñڼƵóѣһҪֹԺڲ
ָӳۼԽԽӿŭ
ԺҧеɢŽҪֽĺ
עԺӣüͷ塣
Ժƺ˭עһæվԺӵӪ߶
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ʱԺΧ󷨴ʦȻԺĻɽ˲ݣɡ󡱵һ֡
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̬ġɢĺ˲ͱ֮ǰֲϺüʮ֣Ũĺŵ͸ŨĺԿһƬĵ棬ٲȻһƬء
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˱Ƶʱ򣬲ǿ־ǷȻЩԺӾǺߡ
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ԺȫˣϲҲˣղſڤϳֵӾһѵͬʱҲԺĿֲ֮
Ժλãǳ䵱۵ĳ˫һӣٲȻǷźš
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ΪĽܵİ˻Ľ⣬֮ǰǿϲ١
Ȼǿԭ򣬲ĽͰ˻ģǺԼһֽ֮˻ĽһΣʮֲֿ
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ԽԼذΧסŵӣû˿ͣ٣һŭ㽫ֲġնʯڶʩչ
䣡
ʱһֲѷ˵ߵУסĵ汻ֿһ롣
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һȵĻɫ溷ȻϮ𡣱ѩصԺڳһ˿ˣһŵ֮󣬱ʧˡ
ܿ죬ŵֽΧס

ͷ󺹣迴Χ
СԵսľ޴ĺʮ־ˡһֱ赲ڵӣǵ޷赲ᱻס
ĿΧıڵӣѻ
ҪúɢΧĺȻֵס¶һ˿ôҾͻᱻסģ
ҧҧǾҪúɢԼĺ
еĺѸתһɹɾ˵ĺ֣ĺ𣬻ɡ
ʱֻΧĿֲȫʧҲܲǹɱϢ˫ѪҺԵĸоҲȫȻʧ

¶һ˿ɱЦݣָоͺϵǧصжһʱս


287 Ծ
һϣ
СӲֻһˣǿҲȲǳɰǧˣ
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Χıڵһ沿Ť˻ɿӵս⡣
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˷еˣض˻һе
ɲǼ䣬ΧĿһȵϢϯţԲһﷶΧڵĿռȻһˮްź
վǰŵıڵӷ׷ױɫΪȻܹܵǹɾ˵

ŭһɫʱڰΧȦλãڲӭûб˿Ӱ졣
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죡
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ΧЩڵɫһϲ׷תű𴦵սȥ
΢΢һ٣ֻǰ쳣ͣ۾գµ˲㿴һӰ֣ʱɴ۾

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ʱҧأ沿ŤȥֳڵסģҪ㿪һơ
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ȻĽҪȥ֧ԮҲһǿĶ֣ܻҲѿ
Ľ޷ȥ
սͣţԺһƬѪгŨصѪζʱͻ˵Ѫ֮С
УϵսΪ⣬ʵ޴ǰٲȻѾȫѹסˡ

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УҵѾܵƣȥزסʱͻᱻһƻɱ
Ųͣ沿ѾЩŤԵЩȻԵĿֲĹЩӦӲϾ
ֻжûܹаܹԱڻɱˣǱǰЩ췢ֵķɡ
ۣ˿̵ԺûֻܹпԼϡ
ͬʱսʱҲֵһܣȻδʩչԿ϶ʵǳֲ


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ԺԺԿսɺѪҺȾ棬ʱͻв˵Ѫ֮С
ڵӴʼʿǣڱİ˻ȥˡ
Ľ顢ԺʵֲһЩڳϻɱֱѹסӽʮıڳϣȵȡϷ硣
ЩԺҲǿտʼʱڰˣȴֱӽٽıڵӴȥͣѹƽơ
Ȼ޷ɱôıڵӣǽǸϳԺǿԵģⲻֻҪٵʱ䡣
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˶ıͫһǰһαռݣͬʱûзĻᣬΪϵûȫжǿжĻǻˡ
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289 
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еһף̺ſֱֲӽĺɨ
ֲĽһɽ޸ͷϳ֣ԺǿҵĲš
޷սԺӷ׷׿˹Ƿı·һʱ𺳡
ղűϵĿֲĿõģһɲȴռϷǿֲĽǼƣٲȻһҪȡģ
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ÿһսʱܴЩ볤һ𺳡֮ǰڣЩԺ볤ϻǲǰߵʵȻֲ
ǣЩԺ볤ϾĽ鵱ʱ˵ĻԲʵ˶ѡ
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ڱڵġڴ˿ûзӵãΨһľǽԺڲǱס
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290 
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ķ׷׶ݣͬʱվȭֵĽʦӣʦܣʦãȻƴӣ
Ľ΢΢һЦ޵
Ӳۼ̾˿ԺǿļˣȻûʲô顣


291 Զʯ
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츳ľڼǰǺ䶯½ʮʱͻͨΪûм֪
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Ľ뺫˪δʱѾ콾֮һˡ
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ûаӮĽʦ㣬Ĵ콾֮ףΪ콾ûаӮľüͷ壬Եʮֲ⡣
ĽĴ콾֮ף֪顣ͬʱڻؾУǰ߻콾˪ʱĿǰߵĿֲʵ̾ѡ
Ĵ콾еһλĽȴ˵ûаܹӮ˲졣
˼ƺеԭɡ
ǰҳ֮ʱ콾һڶڽͺ伣һ㡣ʱ䣬Ǳ콾֮׵ͷΡʵϣ콾ʵҪǿϲ١
Ľ࣬¶һ˿䣬ıһ˿ս
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һӴʯƿɳڸǣ˵Уֱָ֮ͬ񷡣
򡭡
ͫһǰԶʯһκˡ


292 ײ
ǰĻĮһԶʯΧɳȫſͺɳһ
˷׷վĿ¶ϲѰҺܳʱˣһֱûҵ˭Ҳû뵽ھȻصصס
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ԶʯǳӴ󣬵ǿȾɿȻǲͬѰġ
ģԶʯ¶һۣԷֱ۾һ֡
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ͻȻ֮䣬һɿ񱩵ĿֲһɽݺΧĽͷųԼѹֱӶ׼ɣֱӸԵĽЩ۷׷׵Ҳסˡ
ʱɵɫ䣬亹ֱðһǿĳϣֱӽҷɳȥ
ʼգĽ鶼ûж֣һƱ㽫ɻܡ
ͬʱΧһȫѪӿɫ
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λʦ֣ԺԺӣ˵дһ¡
¶һ˿ζЦݣ˵ԼǡԺӡȴ˵֡
̷ˮüͷ壬оЩԾ˰ڳơ
һ
ĿȻĸһһȣΧ
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ǰ۲ʯĲű⶯ˣ׷׽Ͷ
콾ط΢΢ݣĿҲŵϡ


293 
طĿȻ仯ֲͺ񵶷
ΧȻɳʯһƻȻɣһԵֲĵֱӴط۾ŷѸײڶ֮֮Ƴ˺ȥ֮ӲǷֳ롣
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ĽһĿһ˿мŲæվǰû˿η塣
̺ĽĽ鳯ǵ˹ȥұͷųȥļʸһͳȥ
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ͬʱҲʵǲǺǵġЩǷ׷׽ǰߵ벻ǵϡ
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ʵˣ̷ˮҲֻҧ£ȴѽ˰ٰʮˡ
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˵ȶϢĳֽ࣬˯һ㣬ȴڵȴҹĽ١
һߵطһҲǲæǱ˯ˡһжǾͻѹ˵˯б־衣
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Ա㷢ɨֲһδε𿪣ɳһδεı
ͬʱҲ˵·סˣȻ޷ӽʯȴŭѡ

ҧأŭһ
Ҫ֪콾طѾȥˣȥĻôǰߵ˾ͻὫܹĵطбһɶ
ͬʱط˵ʵǿһ֧СӣĻҲδܹȡʤ
⣬ڶ౦ջ£˾Ǳ֧Сһˡ
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˶ʱŭ죬ĸǱסǴûп޳ܣԷȣһɳȥҲûöʲôƣеġ
ĪҪΪЩţұһЩѵ´ٷĪûоǣ
Ľ˲Įͫɱӯ
ʱ̷ˮһ㶣ɫ䡣
䣡
һֲĽȻ֣Բ˲䱩һӿ˶Ȼը̷Ԫ˫ʮ˶ʱߵķݰ㵹ɶΧЩԭڴ˵ǣʱĺ˳ȥ
ԵĽٶ֮죬Ȼ˵󣬼û˿νԺҲֻһģ档
̷ˮ˲侪·ϳĽ˭һ˵һ仰
һ֧СӣĽҲʵֱˡ
˲䣬սͣĿȫ۵Ľϣɱ˲
ߣ
ԵĽͺһǧʯ˹ȥ
˷׷׻عһٶȷӵޣ˲ʹܵʯǰ
·µûһ˸ҳᡣ
Ľ鷴־ͽȡһӡھ޴ʯϣʯʱһһͨ򿪡
Ľ飬ķ׷״˽ȥʯҲ˲佫ͨرգֻûСӣһЩӵСӡ
ߺǵսҲٴαȫΪĿ꣬ΪĿꡣ


294 ĹȺ
ɱڼѾʼ۲ˡ
һƬ磬ƱգиǳŨص۱ģģһƬ޷Ĳ׽ʲô
ˣʱע⣬κһʱ֡
Եņ̀ͷĴš
ҲĴ鿴нץɽһκһʱ֡
ߵһԲ峺ǰ֮һ˿ȷ
ഫգвõ챦ȴȥ޻أҪ
ĽüһεԶӳݷ
˷׷׵ͷ

Ȼ֮䣬һɰӿ泾ɳɳʯ
ǿķƣ
һֻоƳӿЩƣⲻ
Ҫ֪ڵΪͨǿߣԪ壬һܹŻܵƣȴӿΪȡ
Сĵ㣬򲻼򵥣
ü࣬ͫҲ˸һ˿֣ء
һƱ˳徢˸ܵĿֲǲ֪ʲô֪һʮΣա
Ľ£˾ۼһ𣬾˷СĿʼǰԵýС΢
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Եüͷ壬ۿǰԶĵ·ȴκһӰҪ֪ǵڶ֧Сӣмط˽ʱܾ࣬ãҲֻжʮϢӡ
շǳطһ˶ӵвʵѽΧˣ
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طһˣ͵Ķͨأʵ൱ֲǺʵĵһСӡ
Ȼ˵ʵҲͣǿɲطһһͳ壬֮ǰǾѽܶĵΪء
һֱǰü֮˵Ӧò򣬻˵һ֡
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ĽҲĲȷ㵵ĿȻΪ߸һĸо
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ĹȺԶʱھ½ηĵط
ΪԶʱڳһɱ¾Եħͷ½˵֮κʵ㷴ħͷܣͬʱһĹȺĿռ䣬ɽĽежԵӽ½ϵȫ
ԴħͷҲûгֹʱĳˢǶħͷĿ־Ҳ嵭ˣĹȺҲʹʧ
˵ĹȺڵĶÿһֵӵԶʱڴ½ء
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Կħͷʹ˻ʵ겻ѡ
֮ͣ󣬱ٴСǰҲʹѹһʣǾǲĹȺ
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⵹ɽһԶʱڵķ¥̮Ĵ߰һЩԶŶضǡ
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ΧܰȫûзʲôΣաΧĶѱϴһգﻹʲô
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ڻȷһЩĴţΧǼŷ档Ǽǰ
ֻĽҡҡͷǲȷﵽǲĹȺ
ԵҲ˵ͷȻͬĽ˵Ļ
֮ͣ󣬱㴩Χǰ
ΧҪգһҲûиСıָ߶Ⱦ裬ԶʱŴĿռ䣬ʲô鶼޷Ԥϵġ
˵ڣͨǿҲҪ裬Ȼ³ֻһ֡
ʱƣһӺ
;пһһŷ棬һǳķ档
ȻĹȺ
ǰĽüֺɫ˸һ˿ᶨ
˵֮ǰĶ෽õĶҲԶʱڵģ
Ŀ¶𺳣ԵЩ˼顣
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ԵصͷȷĹȺ֮Եʮ֣أࡣ
Ȼ˵һģһ
˫۴֮ɫһκˡ
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Զʱڣ޼ڵ־𺳴½ȴһƬ档
Ҫ֪ڵĴ½ԶʱľףҲռݹĵ򣬶ԶʱڵĴȴֻռҪ
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޼ڣһκˡ
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ǰķ֮Уɫ۳һ˵ģ沿ֲĺɫ廹ڻ
Щ˵ԶʱǿǣǲħͷУ뾫ջ۵γһֲԹ飬Ҳ˵ЩԹǲ֮
ҪԸǣʵ


295 ɢ
ЩԹǾ۶ɣҲ޷ǱѰʱЩԹߣ
ԵĽü࣬ͫ˸һ˿
ЩԹ岻ǲ֮ʵҲʮֵĿֲ˵Σ˶޷ǣ߻ɱġ
Ψһ취ӣȻܶԹ壬սӸ顣

һɫԹ峯ŭһɺ˵ɱ˲ëȻ

ɲǼ䣬Թͬʱŭֲɱ̶ͷƤ顣
ЩԹ龶ֱ˳ΧŨȻһϯ
֣
üͷ壬ŭһеɽȻе˲ӿȫ
ȫܵԹĳҲҪǱײϣĽҲҪܵСˡ
Ҫ֪ЩԹȫԶǿߵľ۵ģʵɲһͨǿҪ͡
һ
ض𣬿ֲĳڵ棬ʱ̮ȥһɿֲĽγһǧɾ쳤Хһ˰˷ӿȥ
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ǧɾſֲ𶯣ĽǷһűһֲĽ
䣡
һըһ˷ӿǸԹֱɢܿ۳Թģ

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ͬʱҲüЩԹʵʵЩֲҪ߻ʮѡ
ٴԹ巢սһδεĻԹ壬Ǻܿһ
ڴ˸Թսȫ֪ǰһֲ鼴١
Զһ⣬һɿֲĹȺӿľֱӱϸ߿գѷѸǰš
䣡
һŷ˿ֲĿǰòһʯ˲㱻ϸ߿գķ޴ʯлķݣȫſ糯ǰӿȥ
䣡
һʱ䣬ĹȺΧضɽҡ·ҵһ㡭
ȭ˫ĿȻŴǰԹֱӴֱۣݺݳǰϡ
飡
ͺһʯ㣬ݺŴֻȫѪӿߵķݰ㵹ɶ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǽڽڰˣĽ鵹ԹƽɫʵԵԹ壬Ըͺ޻һǷŭѡ
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ؽҧüͷ壬ڰһ˿壺ЩԹ徹Ȼ
û˵ʱ򣬵Ȼշʯݺܡ
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򶫱ߣߣĽֽڵ棬ҡҡ׹·ʱᱻɣֱӱϱߡ
˲ɢٶȿ쵽ֲһϢﵽϰܵĳߴǧ

沿ȻŤֲͺ©򣬺ҵĵš
ֲĿڳڼܵһʯĳνѩϼ˪
ģƽϢӿƲԾƷʱ߿׹㣬ֱ׹䡣
飡
ֱڵϣ泾ĹֻȫѪӿһǵʹӣЩһ³Ѫ
ĹȺôôֲĿ硣
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ڵԪѸٸÿһ䣬˲ָ
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վĴһ󣬱üͷ塣
ĹȺޱȣһǾҵΪ
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ӦǴԺȡģÿһӦƶ˵ֻҪþӦһ£ܹ׼ȷҵÿһ˵λá
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һɱ֮ǰӿĿٴγӿɽĵʱѷ죬ڵϵ̶ʱΪУٵɶ


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飡
Ȼ֮䣬ٴδӸ߿ڵ棬ڵϣһǵʹѸٴȫ

ҧģ̵Բ԰ף亹಴Ӷͷ߳ȫѪӿʺһ˿һʹ
ڵĺԪѸתܵƵ֫ٺ˲һŨů
壬ʹнʧȫָ
ſŲͣղҧʹʱһֱġ
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ʱ΢΢ȣԼиоԼľǿ


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Ŀĳһ㣬һ֮ɽȻʡ

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һ޴ʯϣû˿ͣ㳯ǰȥͬʱһٻӰҲߡ

ԶٻӰʶĺ


298 Ѱ
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ɫһ˫۾ĹâʱһɰԵд󵶵Ȼһɱ¾֮¶
ݺᣬԵ˫
뵶ˮһݺݳײһΧķʱϯɣѷѸӿһ񱩵˳ֺݺڵϣ֩һѷڶмӿֲĳ˷ݺݳײȥ
ֻɫ΢䣬ֲܵĳĲȣ㳯ȥ
ޱ飬峺֮ӹһ˿ɱţһһӰȴǳǸ걩ӹȥˡ
ǰĿ꣬ڵ沢ȥж
͵̧ͷǰŮӰȴš
Ӱ
ͫһʧɫ֪˿̵ڳƽȴ֪ںδ
ৣ
ɱ㣬ⶼҵġ
Ӱͬһ㣬˲ڿ绨Ǻ˪ֲɱ˾Ķǡ
ֻǿ˫۷Ŵһ˿־ȻȻ¶ʱеâڱ
ԶŲ΢٣¶һ˿Цݣ֪ǿ֮սѾֳʤˡ
аһȦΧģ˳ȥݺڿı
飡
ʱ˫۷Ŵ֫ͷ­ȥȴȥߵķݰ㳯ǰȥһŨصѪƮڿУѪζ
⻹ûֻ꣬΢΢ǰȥ
˲䣬Ľͺұͷųȥļʸһ㣬ǿĺͳȥ
һڤ
ޱ飬ڡ
ֻ̽һ£ĽһɼĽſĺʹ̹ȥΧ˲䱩ѷצ
ۣ
̽̽ɺѪĽŨصѪζڿ
ֻ˫ĿͻеѪԴԴϵӿڵϣϢ
ޱ飬µĽѪȾĶ̽ʡ
ֿԽԽǿء
Զۿ΢΢һЦǰ
ղɱ¾ϵģʵЩȡͬʱǰߵٶ뽣ҲǷǳտǲ
磿
ǰ΢΢һ㶣ƫ׿
ҲǱΡ
ֻղŵĮȫʧ¶ŮĽߣ·ղɱ˲գ۵ģ˼һ
㶣ŮߵģЩĵЦ
սƷô
бۿϵʬ壬Ǻ֮ϳ״İ
Ե΢΢һЦǰǰȡ£±㽫Ķ˳
Ȼһ
˽ʽϣһɹ¶ϢȻһý
ֻսһΡ
һĽ˲֣бޱȣͬʱһδѪҺȵϢ
ý
һнɻĳĶ̾һ
ԵԵЩνԼ彣Ȳ
ϸĿ֮󣬱Ľġ
һ֧ԺСӻû¾ۼһ𣬷ɢʮΣյģ˭Ҳ׼᲻һ֧Сӡ
һܶԸɾ˵׼ˣϾܹĹȺ˶Դ½һţĿǰҪ¾ۼһΪá
òɡǻҪҵĽʦʦ֡
ʱڰ˸һ˿֣صĹâ
ֻҲ㣬ĽƷʲ͵ĳ
ȡӦƣ۱ƳӦĽĵλá
һ۾ڰͫһ˿ϲĽʦʦѾۼһˣǵλҲֻʣٶǸϽȥǣ
Ե㣬ֻǰ߿հġ
˼Եʰһ֮󣬱㳯Ľĵڷ׼ǰ
Ӱͬһ㣬ͣӹһЩŷ棬û˿ͣһ·ֱָĽġ
ڵĹȺѾһ˽룬һɨҲа˳СӶǿзɢˣĹȺÿԶͿԿһäĿѰš
һ㶼·УֱϵĻĳ볤ܹ̰ġ·鷳˷ѵʱҲҪ࣬·ǱȽϰȫҲȽʡʱġ
һЩ鷳ȥǣҲԶ
ŵĳ볤вˣǰǰֱ߰˸˳
Ⱥ߰˸УʵҲǸͬ
еֻͨǿߣеĸǴﵽͨأЩԴ½صսҲǱͬȽ׵Ҫǿϲ١
ҲǺǵǰǰɱ߰˸ˣȻ˷Ѳʱ䣬һЩջҲǲġ
ãͣǰֲ̰֮ٴһǵĳ볤̰֮ˡǺĿʼս
һ
ŭһеɽһɰĽֲ˲۳һǧɾӰ
ǰոձУɶֿʱ˫ĿŴ󣬶Ŀ־ȻȻ¶
䣡
һ춯صըѪĽŨصѪζڿţѪģصڵ棬ʧȥһϢ
ԵĽʬһսƷ֮󣬲Ŷ˵ߣ
ٴζٶȷǳĿ죬ͬʱĽĵλҲԽԽˡ


299 ż
ͣǰ;鷳һһоա
˵սҲϬ޷죬һδεĻΪġ
ͬʱ˵սƷҲû˱һΣʮֵס
ǲͣǰĽڵķǰ֮ͣĸӦǵλãѰҲǵ׼ȷص㡣
ǿľһһգӦƱĽĵ׼ȷص㡣
ֻҿƤһԵȴ¶һ˿ЦݵǾĽʦʦλֻʣһٶ׼ȷĵصҲ׽ˡǵٶȣӦٹӾܹҵǲ¾ۼһˡ
ţǿȥĽʦϰɣ
Ե΢΢һЦЦ绨һʱҲЦʱ
δ֪һ𣬲ܰȫһ㡣
ͷ㽫Ӧ
ߡ
Ҫǰǻû˵ʱͣˣͬʱüͷ塣
ԵˣԼͬĿǰü
ֻ˵ǰվһ꣬˫ֽһһܹ˫ߡ
ǡ䷲
۾ȫ˲䱻ϯٲȻ߶Ⱦ״̬Եˡ
䷲һܹһĶõߣȻΪֻͨأһĶõȴսﵽͨء
ͬʱ䷲ҲһĻϹеЦݣĵȴȫıơ
⣬䷲һĶõǡܹһжսȴ˵ʵɶҪǰǿϲ١
ֻɱʵȵҪǿҲС֡
ʶλϵԳԸ߼۹򡣡
ǰ䷲ϹСϿҵЦݣǲ˽˿¶ҪЦݸƭ
֪˭ǲҪװˡӲҪǱֻһսˡ
ޱ飬ڰ֮Уȴһ˿
ԵһԲȴѾ׼ϣֻҪ֣ڵĵһʱϡ
ֻǰ䷲Ц΢ͣҡͷһ̾ģźλԺڻĮ֮ʱѼǻˣһǻǿǿСֵܼȻҲֻա
üͷ壬ʾһߵ⡣
ǰ䷲ԵǰźģѴˣֻҪһɷΧڣȫ߻ɱ߶ϵĳ볤
ֻ䷲ȴû뵽ѹ͸ֻǰڴǵע⡣
Ȼ䷲֣ôȷˡ
һ
һ
ɲǼ䣬ͬʱһȵľ
䷲͵̧ͷ˫۷Ŵû뵽ƲˣǸˡ

ʱ䷲沿Ťֲĵŭһ㽫˫γӦս
ʵͬˣһȻֲĽ䷲ͷƤ飬Щ⧲
ǲĻ䷲³Ҳֻһ֣ٶȿɲԶ㿪ֻз
˫
ֻ䷲˫˦ֲȻһƴģ
䣡
ĵǿĽݺݳһмͺըһ㣬һµ˷ӿȥһĽֲĳ
ǰ䷲ʧɫһǿĳһʯ㣬ݺϣʱߵķһ㣬ɶ
ϣ
ڰ֮бŷһ˿âͺͷųȥļʸһ㣬Ӷȥ
ͬʱԵҲʾƮƮȰǰ
ǰ䷲ڵϣǿĳȫѪӿɫɷףſڱ³һѪ
˻Ľ⣡
һڤ
ȺһԲڵȻǿɳʯͺһֽĳѷ죬һɹӿĽľ
䷲͵̧ͷǲ԰ף֮ͫл̺һ˿⡣
ʱ䷲æվֵĳȴѾˣʱ󾪣æĴ
䷲ֻ˫һʱ򣬲ܷӾ޴һĻôʵͻ룬޷ֿĹ
˿䷲󽣣˵ĺ档
䷲˹ȥʱң־Ļһ
䣡
ֲĽݺݺ䷲ϣʱһɺѪҺŷ߷ݰ㵹ɶɺѪҺһ·ƮУȫϢȻȫʧ
˵ҲӿһɱȻƽ
ߣ
һԶѾȥ䷲ұӶ
˵ٶԽԽ죬ͬʱҲԽԽӽĽĶˡ
һɽȼз֮Уһ˵ĵط
ͬǱӽţȴǺֻһЩ̦Сռݴλá
Կ޴ǰһʯȻɵĿšڡһŹϵķ̦֮ҰݣһҲֻһЩٲסδ˽Ѱһ
Ѿ˽ȥˣбĽġ
ֻ糾͵ĸһţ˶ʱɴ۾Ĳ˼顣
⡭
ͫ׷Ŵ٣һκˡ
ͬʱԵҲ𾪣ĹȺȻһżʵЩˡ
Ҫ֪ĹȺУżѾϴһգûбϴһյżҲǰ˽ˣһһƬ棬һż
ߣǰڵżˣ
ӳȻżǷˣ
ô翪ģӳ˵滹ڣⲻ˵ģ
ͻȻ֮䣬˵ĺһͬʱǿҵ
ʱ𾪵˷Ӧ˶һۣԶпˡء˼
ﻹˣ
̫ˣѾߡ
üͷһ֪һҪսһˡ
ֻ󷽵꣬ʱͽΧĿ⵱жһ˿𺡣
˱ŵĶӦǸոյõġ
˵ҲԶʱĶ
û뵽ջСӣ˿콫˫ַϣҵ顣
귢޼ɵЦȻƣԼ˵СŹΪ
ɫĮͫһ˿ɱ
һżͺǽɽû˻һ˵Ķ֮󣬻ǽһɽ
ǳЩǾԲģͬʱǸ뽫ŽЩˡ
ǰӲһսôȷˣ


300 ֧Ԯ
նʯѵأ
һɽȻʣһɿֲ֮Ȼɣ泾̹
һڤ
Եû˿󣬶̽ҲɽֲĽȻɣΧ˲䱩һӿµˮްĴǻš
ӴʧɫǰΧסһŮҲȺ߶˸߳٣Ϊ߶˻˼̫಻ҷھһԲֱӶ֣Եַʵη塣
֣
Щ굱еͷһеĴ󵶸߾ٹ磬һǿȻҪɽѵһ㡣
ɲǼ䣬궼Ӧ˵ĿֲͷƤ飬ʮ߰ŮʩչĽȴֲȻߵ壬츳˵ˡ
ڷҲû˿ôΨеֿΪ𾪵ʱѾʧȥ˶Ļᡣ
ͨƣ
˷ˣ
ģ
ʱ겻Լͬŭһɹˮ˰ӿǸͷγɸʽӰ
沿ڰͫдһ˿֮ɫ
ȣ
ֻŭһеɽ·˲һԣһˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˵ǰء
䣡
ɽ翪ɽ޸һݺڵ֮ϣֲĽû˿˺棬ʱضɽҡѷ֮иһɹĽϿð
̽Ľγɵһɾ޽ݺݴǰϣ֮пԿеѷ죬̶ֲľ
Ĺͬһ㣬˲㱻
Ĺ˴Ķʧɫͬʱ־岻ѣΪӿĽѾǳˡ
飡
ͬһʱ䣬񱩵ĽݺݳϣĽֱӽǵ幥ƣһѪڿţ˵ͺߵķݰ㲻Լͬĵɶ
ʣ治ɫ
ȱǣǻ辡ҵĽʦʦ֡
һۣҲ֪ǻֱƫ˵
Ե˵ͷ˱㲻ֱͣӳ˽ȥ
ؾܹͬʱĵûһӰҲʮֽĴųǰȥ
֪Ľ˫˫ǵľѾʮֽӽֻؾȴ㾲ףⲻ˸оЩ֡
Ҫ֪ղЩ굽ʱ򣬾Ѿǿе֪вˡ
Ϊʲôûˡ
üͷ壬Ĵ֮󣬵૵
Ǹ¥ǴʯŶûб򿪹Ҳû˽ȥ챦˵ʵ֡
ԵҲĴ۲ţҲʲôۼ㽫߷ŵԶλõľ޴ʯϡ
磬ɽϵĴʯǴŵģ
ֻͫһüָԶľ޴ʯ档
ʱѭָ˹ȥڰӹһ˿ʡ
ߣǿȥ
ţһӰͬһǰֱָһ޴ʯ
Ҳһ˲׷˵ٶȷǳֲһգ۾͵һ⡣
޴ʯǽûٲݣڵԼӵϢĶĸеһѹ֮С
˲޴ʯǰǲûмŽȥ濪ʼ۲
ǻûü۲ʱʯڲ㴫һֲԵ쳣ӿ̶ͬȵȫʯĴǻţȻ
ɫ׷ױ仯򶷵ĶȻֹһˣͬʱǻӦǿΧһˣɾͬˡ
ⲢҪҪĻĽġ
ǰʱøӦƣӦĽĶ˵׼ȷλñš
񸽽ûӰֻڲʮڴ򶷣ǵһʱ뵽ĽĶ˿϶棬ȻͲö֪ˡ
ǸӦʮΧһˣ⼸룬ǱʶͻоǱΧ˾Ľġ
ǿȥ
һһƬ֣أüͷ塣
ԵĬֻǰ㶯
˿̵ĴڣһƬңǰһʯ̨һ񣬵·һСӱڵĲ챦
ʮȫڴ򶷣ҪõǸ챦ҪȽֲ˶顣
ڵľȴʮֵĻңĽĶȫվ
Ľ绨һƬĮֺɫ֮Ҳһɾ˵ɱ
챦ĽȷֵĶǺȴβһӵߣŷͬʱһȺΧʵЩˡ
˻Ľ⣡
Ľ鱴ݽҧһȱӽ𣬿ֲİ˻ĽȻɣʼҵ𶯣ⲻĴֲ̮
ĽΧļɫ䣬һɿֲĳݺǵϣѪĽʱɶ
ĽŤתͣӶĳҲ࣬Ŀϣűȥ֧Ԯ
ߣɣ
ʱȴһޱȱ콾ط磡
ٺ٣ֵŲʲô
ţһͨصߴ˹ֱӽĽλãȻǰл
ֻĽɫ΢䣬ҧݣ˵ֱ˿ʼ
ء
һǿ˲䱬γ޼ɵֱԶ
콾֮ս˲䱬ܱըϣص
콾طʵɲô򵥾ܶԸģͬʱһֲߣĽѹν
һߵҲͬôɣԼ˵ΧʮֳǽڽڰˣɫȻЩ԰ףͬʱ亹Ҳ鲼ϣģԵЩġ
ͬʱҲܽ
ڲںһƬ˽ĵطʵЩǰʲô
ӦǳǿһϢʱ䣬㿴浽ôһ
ã
ɫ䣬һκˡ
ͬʱ绨ҲһƬ֮ɫ
ȻĽĿǰֹ۵
ıΧĻº롣
ţı㷢ĵǲ԰׵϶ʱһЦݡ
죬ȥʦ֣
ҧӶҲǽϣû١
ͬӰ㣬ֱȥ뵽սС
ͬһʱ䣬ĳҲòע˹
ǻһ𣡡
ʱڲ֪˭һŭ˵Ŀȫ۵ϡ
ЩĿ絶һ㣬ֻâڱһͷ׺ݵ޶һ㡣


301 οռ
ڲһƬʮʵͬʱìͷָĽģʮա
н׷׳ǰȥ֧Ԯ
ǻһ𣡡
һ𣬴ʯԾǳʵǿߣһצ¶Ȼס˳ֵʱ򣬽з
ã
һá
Ƕ˾˲䱻˰Χм䣬˷Ͽն˸ٶȿֲͬӥʳһ׺
ҧأеŭɽһ㣬ʱӽ𣺡һ
ԵҲǱݽҧ̽һӰڷٻӶţ׺Ĵǻ
һӰ˲ڰΧȦм䣬һţſ쳤ХֱֲϣһĽ׺ޱȡ
˷Щһ¶ɭЦ׷׽еĻʽ籩һкȥ
ȻʵЩҲʲôصġ
飡
ֻһ죬һˮް˷ǿĳܹһͨĸ¥ѹĲӡ
˷Ƿ׷ױˣǿȴһ¥ɺϲ٣ǲ԰ǵˡ
Ǵмλãܵĳǿģֱ̤֮ӳ֩һѷ졣
ؽҧȫѪӿ沿˲ŤԵֲ
Ĵ裬Ľ⵽콾طһͨصǿΧǱһЩСӵĶԱŰΧ
Ǳ֧ԮĽģ⵽һ֧СӵΧ
ЩСҪȫȫ˱ơ
˻Ľ⣡
ҧгݵ˻ֲ׺Ľһģһ˿η
ȻͣսǷŰ
ôϲЩڳɳ׶Σ
Զٿϲģ
ܵĿ¶׹⣬ɭЦͷƤ飬ɭǴųɱ⡣
ɲǼ䣬Щ߷׷׶ڴ˻ţѹĲͣ
ͬٴЩɱֵ˭Ҳûи˭һ˿ϢĻᡣ

ԶĽ龹¶Ľĸ˵СѾȫ𿪣޷ۼһ޷ǿսϾǹѲڡ
ûв´ĻǸ˰ɣ
һ޸Ľʱһæ˻Ľʼ콾طԿ
飡
һ촫Ľطͺҵһʱ˶
ߣ
Ľһݽҧûдط˵Ļ
Ľļ٣СӵĶӳǶһǰģ᲻ʲôҲҪ֤˵İȫ
ΪСǿһˣҲǶӳĽҪе˵
ֻǱ콾طסĽܹѵÿȥ֧Ԯˣʱǵһĸܵˡ
һߵҲһֱڽڰˣȻԺһĸ֣ⱻڶһΧʵЩֻܲͣĵֿ
ͬʱЩҲǾĺܣһһַĥĵȵһ̶ȵʱ򣬱úˣʱҲӵΣա
üͷ壬ҧгݵģЩˡ
ʮ࣬峺ͫӿһɱ⡣
ɱӯȴ޷Ըô˵Χǿֿܹ˷ĹѾʮֵĲ
˻ƣ
ֻ޳ڿŤת£һ֮󣬱ݺݵĳǰһȭƳȥ
һȭһƺݺݺһмλöʱ𵴳һˣֵԲ׶ˣͣ໥š
ȣ
һ͵̧ͷ
ֻϷֳֵеߣǿֲĵԵǷֱӳͷȥ
ͫһ
վὣ
ֻڿ»ӵߣһӿˮް𵴶
˿ǰȴɭɭЦ
ã
ֻǿɨűѹʮܣȻǰ߷Ⱥɨˡ
飡
ֻߵСȺݺţ˲߷ݰ㵹ɶ
ҧȫѪӿرλõһʹ͡ڵǳգ̲סҲҪסȻսߣͲǶ֡
еĺѸתһɹɾ˵ĺ֫ٺȻ̹ǣܵȴһ˲ָ
ҧҪصʱȴͻȻ˫ĿŴ
ǡ
һתܵĺһռĺŵĿռ䡣
ţӦԼɳȥŤת
ص¾Ȼؿռ䣿
ոأпʼ˼
˿̣еĺ黹ѸתţȡͬʱҲֵԼĽ¾Ȼһռ䡣
żԭģһ챦ڣ·ؿռȴܹϾһЩҲнأرĿռ䣬ԺȻҲС
ȴ⣬
ڣȥĸûл·ģĽ콾֮Ҳ⣬Ҫ֪ﻹһ콾ط磬ʮΪǷǿߡ
ƿؿռĻܹĿǰվΪغпܲһЩ챦Щǿ챦ĻɵĹΧĸˣȥ챦ô
ƿ
͵̧ͷбŷһ˿â
ںڸתţȻͣһ֮󣬾Ƿıһɹɾ˵ĺɢĿռ˲㱻ڵĿҲһ˲üȱ䡣
ʱ˶һĽطҲ⣬һɾ˵ĺˡ
ʲô
˵Ŀ۵ϣԭΪҪ˭ȴûһˣֻԼͷֲĺ
Ľ飬ĽǸеʮ־죬ȵֲĺǺҪʲô
⣬֮⣡
ŭһеɽȻ֮ų˵Ĺâһɿֲĺ˲ϯ˻һֻǵʴ·ʱᱻһ
Ǵʧɫһκˡ
طͫһ𺳣ʵᡣ
ȻĿ겻ǣסЩҲܿͱѳĿǴص¡
䣡
ֻеɽݺڵϣʱ汬ѿѸٵĽͬʱڵضɽҡҡҡ׹ӷ·ʱᵹ
ԣ
һ죬ĵ˲飬ʯըͬʱҲвٺʯ׹ȥصĿռչ¶ǰ
⡭
ͫһҪʱǵ̤֮ضʱ飬˵嶼ʯ鳯·ؿռ׹ȥ


302 ˮ̶
ؿռ䰡Ȼؿռ䣡
ãҪȥˣ
̤նоȻã
ؿռǵ̤շеģǲ˽ĻһΣգ

ʱʮ۷׷ףһκˣűǻ̿
ΪЩӵеշﾹȻû˿ôӦ˵Ǹ޷ʩչ
ؿռ䣬ʲôԶ챦ǴôߵĵطˤȥĻͨǿߣҲδܹҲҪġ
Ҫ֪ؿռǷǳġԭЩͨǿߵǳãܹĿȴǿףжֲĸ߶ȣ
ҲʲôҲֻܿǿȴһƬŵİһž˵ı̶ȣ·ȻǼ֮ء
ȴľΪЩ߶о˺һ˿ΣյĸоͬʱЩڲͣӿţ˵ĺܹ͸ǵ壬Щ鵽ĸо
Բʲô£һ뺮Χ֮ڣӰѪҺܹӰ쵽ǽеǻǵýӲԽ󽵵͡
Ƕ˵ҲǻЩߵʵʱͲ٣ֻҪںΧڣʵͻᱻѹס
ͬʱҲ׹Ķ鵱С
Ȼôߣ
ҧŭһȻԼҲ֪ؿռ侹Ȼô
Ȼк飬ܹ·Ӱ졣ǵҪ׹صʱҲܵǿĳʱ˵ֶϽˣкܴĿܻɥʧ
Ҫ֪ڵĴͺǴʿǲڵϵʱԾٵɽһʧȥ֧ţжҲûʲôãӵ̤նеǵȴƫƫסˡ
ԶĽ飬ļ˶ѾղԭҪǽ˳ؿռ䣬ǲ֪治ڵ챦ȥᣬǾͿ˳ı
ôߵĸ߶ȴҪ˵ģ콾Ľ콾ط磬տʼʱܹ̤նУٳһܵʱ򣬱ͬһʧȥʼ׹䡣
˵ʱ򣬱Ļͣ׹ǵĳԽԽǿ׹ٶҲԽԽ죬ǵʶǿܹܵ׹ٶԽԽ졣
Ǹܵ׹ٶȴﵽһϢһǧɵʱ˶һֲٶȾӵеʵҲδܹﵽҪڵϿǾܹġ
ԣ˶ʼλãͼٳͬʱ˶ȫסҪλãֹ׹ʱǿֱ
ʧȥֲ׹ٶȣ˿ʼͷĿѣҲ⣬ȴܹܿĻָ
ڵĺûһͣģͣɢΧֹĺԼ岻ܵκֺͬʱҲڲͬıΧˣҲǲ֣ܵȻܵӰĻ͵׹صʱʧȥһ
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Ȼͣ˶ڰǺ̷ǵĻǺġ
ں̷֮УסԼ󣬱㳯źˮ̶Ϸȥ
ΪкԵʣͲܵ㺮䣬෴һůĸоҲԪԵʡ
˿ɾͲôˣĺˮ̶֮УʵȻѹסͬʱסĻܣٶҲʮֻ
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ҵúɢ֮󣬶˱ҵĽĶˡ
Ľĸеǳ⣬ͻȻ֮û˱ĸоͬʱҲǶľԽԽеİˡ
ںˮ̶ͷɿš
̷⣬ĺĴţΧǽȫǺͬʱһűģһǰһͨ
ۣ
ͻȻ֮䣬˷׷״Ӻ̷ðͷڴڵĴŴ
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ôᡭ
ͻȻһ߾˷׷׿˹ͣټ˵
ʵߵһЩ⣬Ҳ콾طͬ⡣
ΪԵʣѹסÿһ˵ΪҲ˵ǵʵʱԵ½ˣû֮ǰǰǿʵ
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ӵк飬һסͬˣʮߵУĸΨһûܵӰһ֧СӣҲ⼸˶ѡ
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ĿЩߣͺһ˲ĽҲİˡ
˾ĿΧֹЩ߻ͻȻ֡
콾طЩǿˣһ֧ʵǿС˸ŲúĹâ


303 
˾ܵǣǰš
ǾĸˣԷȴмСһģȻʵ󣬵ȴʼնһӲˡ
ûΪѹƣʵʱ½Ҳ޷һӵжôˡ
˲Ҫ鷳ѡ뿪ҪصĿռѰһЩ챦Ҳվ鷳
ϾϵĳŽʵЩĿ
ٵԺӣǱ֮ɷһ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ֮пóһ˿ɱ
˽Ųһ٣ʱüͷ壬֪Ǳⲻ˵ġ
ţ߽߽ͨΧסΪ׵һ궢ϵĳŽ
콾طСӵˣһԹۡ
ڴʱȫΪ챦ҲûʲôȻ鷳˴ɱ˺ߵˣҪⲻٴۣΪ챦ᣬǱҪʵ
ͬʱҲעˡ콾ط˶֪ǰ߷ؿռģǹɾ˵ĺɱĺǿˡ
콾ط˶Ĵ˼ˣر˽ɱ콾˪ط磬ɿߵʵжǿԿ϶Ժǿ
У
üͷ壬νʣڰɱӯ
ֻһСӳ鷳Ҳ֪ѾΪԼϽؿռĴ˼ˣͬʱҲܿĳЩ·Ҫ̽ԼȻĻ˵ô໰ֱӾʹ
ȻҪ̽Ǳݵġ
һ˲䣬ۣȻҪȫһ£߶ԷҲȫǸ߽ߣȫֻԿ
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Էļߵʱһ󷽵طҲʮ־ȡ
ԥĳ֣ʵľ˰Ե˶˵ټ
ǼߵӦһȫ
Ȼһɹӿͬ˷ӿȥ
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ײеĹݺݳײһ𣬶ʱһɿ񱩵ϯ
֣Щ⧲Щɫ΢䣬ʱȫѪӿˡ
û˿Ӱ죬ĸ˶ȳִԷһֲģͬʱԷҲΪԵʣʵ½٣Ȼڻ·硣
˿ɲôΪ콾طѾ۶ˣܵ˺ʱʱǿ״̬ˣҲ˵ǿǿһˡ
¶㵣ЩţͬʱһЩ𺳡
˽ֵ¶һ˿η壬Ǹܵǰߵ˵ǿӲֶˡ
ҵֻ뿴һˡȻ²Ը⣬ֻա
֧СӵĶӳȭ֣˵
ţηӦһ֧Сӱڶӳʾ³
û˵һ仰ȴ¶һ˿޵Цݡ
Ľ鿴һû˿ͻȻΪ׵καʾ
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Ľޱ飬һۺط֮󣬱ǰȥ
űǰ߶Ӧ
Ҳߣ
Ҫˣ
죡
ЩСӵĶӳǷ׷һæϡ
Ȼ˴ǵ𺳲٣Щ߿ûҪԭʲôûѰҵһЩǿ챦ǻǰ׽ˡ
С໥ţ;һЩûʲô
ͨȥЩ룬Ҫ֪ؿռ䣬ٴؿռ䣬ŵһЩҪ
ԶʱڵĴؿռ䣬ʵЩǼǾԸŵŵӣĻ᲻֪ؿռá
ܿ죬ЩСӣѭͨߵڴֱ߳
ۣһĵط
Կĵطһ޴ţֱӱסˣ˵á
ͬʱ滹żСȻȴһ߾ߴԶŷεʬ壬滹һƬѪҺ壬ֱڶûиɺԣΪһѪɫĺ
ʱ˵ɴ۾˼Ŀһľ޴š
˼ﻹбŵʬ壬Ȼʱ򣬾û˽ȻʬͲỹܰİ
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ͬʱЩѾĵеҲǲ֮żѾĽġ
ЩҲҪˣǸҪĻĶ
ǲҪ׶֣˹鷳
ԵĽܿͷӦˣˡ
Ҳ練ӦˣȻ֪ԣڰ֮˸һ˿ʡ
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콾طСӵ˷׷׼һţǱҪʮ׼
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˵ֻҪһԶ챦Щ߾ͻȫ汬ս챦
Ҳ˶׵飬Ǵ˿̶һַĸо
ߣ
콾ط࣬СӶԱǳͺȡ
ֻط˻ǰȥԵò꣬ͬʱھСӣÿһѳеǷ⣬ǽڵһʱ֡
طĴͷСӵ˷׷׿ʼжһ໥š
˵ǲżڵŻûбƿҲû챦Щ˵ĺͷҲνʲôΣЩ߷ǵ¡
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Ҳߣ
ЩСǶ߹ȥˣĽǰȥ
üͷ壬սɽеĺ黺תţֻһ֡
СӵĶӳǿʼǰϸĹ۲š
ƺŲûȫ⣡
ֻһסŶѣ
ˣȻûڻҲʧȥ˳ɵˣ
ʧȥ˳ɵҲС
ǺƿΣ
ǰСӶӳǹ۲ţͺǱ֮ǰƽһ㡣
ЩСӵĶӳƿʱ콾طޱ飬һ󵶸߾ٹ磬ΧʱһȫеĴ󵶻۹ȥԲһصĿռ䶼ʼ
䣡
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ɲǼ䣬ֱѷ첢ѸٵӿǱطҳһ޴ڡ
ߣ
ǰطһȣӰһѸٴܽУĶԱҲ׷׳
СӵǿǷ׷׳ٶ˿طˡ
Ȼ룬ûп챦֮ǰǲ⵱ͷߵġ


304 ԶŹ㳡
Զڣڱ֣ĿϡҲܱ䡣
ǰһǣԶű־ǱǸڡ
Զš
һκˣۡ
ΧҲǺĴţͫжһ˿𺳡
콾طСˣĴͬʱҲûǾΧǣעĻԶš
ǰһ͵ĽݣһڹӵĴʯµϢɫĽֱԶʱһ
ڶݵ֮ͣ˷׷׳ŽȥϷǵһĿꡣ
ֵЩʪȴں澯ǰЩߣĸ˾ۼһԵøСġ
ϷĻֺɫӵϢԶʱڵĽһȻ𾴵УپµĳˢⱣ漸Ĵûܵκˡ
صʯһʯݵԶް׻ػ㴣ֻһȴʧϡ
Ȼһ˿ηС
ǰ콾ط˫ƿʯţ̶Ũصĳ̷׷׳֡
ʯŴ򿪵һɲǣڲһǧĹϢӿͬʱһʪ
ڲǳȻѲЩ߽ǡ
һƬյĴãʯϻźϷø߼Ƶλ𺳣ͬʱڴԱһ飬ŲٵĹǺ⻹б廹ûиıˡ
ԶʵڲͬǽĲϾʮѼ
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ǰЩǷ׷׷пԶŴǵ𺳾Բ͡
Ҳڴڲ
עصЩˡ
ӦͨͨŽЩԶ߱ġ
Щˣһ˿˼顣
˶ڴŴĶ٣ϡҲôһȴûǰȥȡ
Щʵڷϡ챦ʱ򣬾Ѿ߶Ⱦ裬ʱӦս״̬ˡ
ԭЩǴǼ챦ᣬȴĴ˼ɣǰȥ˭֪ûδ֪Σڵȴǡ
򱾾Ϊ챦ǵˣ
дĵʱͻȻһĵĴЦ˷׷׿˹ȥ
ֻһǿ׳ߺ޹˼ɵ˳Ǿֱ֮λȥĶԱҲ׷׽Ŀڱϡ
ЩǷ׷״ۿǲżΪԶŻطڵȴǣͬʱҲδ֪ķգ챦ҲҵһΪҪܷգߵᡣ
ЩҪˡ
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Կĳһ֧СԵ÷ǳСģȫ壬ȡ챦ʱ⡣
߶Ŀһϣߵ֮λ̧ȥȡһ޹Ǻ
ǺɲǼ򵥵ĶΪǡ
׾ٵĽõֵʱһҪ᲻ᷢʲô顣
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˶ʱһȻûκ⣿
˲䣬ͫбŷһ˿ɱ⣬ߣҲ׼ųȥ챦
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ͬһʱ䣬Ҳһ۾ɴѪ˿
߶ʱһͻֻк쬵һ亹
ǰǼȥ챦ǣھǵıһû˿ϢһûС
Ҫ֪Щһͨϵǿߣڽֻһȫûаֱֿӱһ
ߺһһĭȻһκˡ
ˡ
һȻ֪£ڿȴһ˿η塣
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һ㰡ҪһɱĻҲᡭ
ֻһ˱ʵֲܾ
ʱ߶ʼһ쬵ģһ¡
ԵĽҲڸ̾˶ڸղȥ챦뷨߳˱ǽԼûȥ
ͬʱҲʮֲֿûмȥ뷨
һû˴ͷҲһǳһߵĴȥ
һη粨ȥ֮߶Ĵ˼ɣаиÿһߵСǵϵˮҲԸȥȣʮֵĽ
֮󣬱һڡ
ԶڳڱжɹԿ뺮ͬʱҲסˡ
ԵʮֽΪкıǵǲЩҲûп˵һ仰
ǰЩ߾ͺǿ·ȷһȴʮֵĽ̶Ȳ̫͵ĺҲԸȥմȾʼն۷״̬һƽ
ԱĳʱЩ߸Сҽӽ봥ֻԶԶӽƵ
֮߳󣬱һأȽţԶʱڵżǸʤһ
̨಻ˮȣ̨ͤ鿣ϸ̵Ļֺʯ񣬹ɫıܣһڶλãĺЩɫĽһ˿ɾĸо
ȻվΡ׳ϵĴ¿ǰһͽݣܵʯϢΧǺ
߿˷龰ЩССļ·챦
ǵûзеĽ䱸ǽС΢ǰһԵС


305 
˻ż˹ء
·һƬ¥쵽⣬һ
ԵĽҲʮ𺳣һԶţԺҪ
Щһ˷ܣԶżԽǹҲԽǲԽǲҲʹ챦Ҳżܹȵġ
һ뵽Զ챦Щбһ˿Ʋסļ
ǰеĽѵ֮Щǿɲи
콾Ľ콾ط磬ʵʲõĶҲһ˿иǿɱ׼ֿܲܵס³
Դ߶Ǵһ뼤һ뾯ǰŵġ
֮ǰвͬҲҪϼҲʮң߶ҲƽĽݴв֮ͬĸ߶ȼӽߣԼҲһɵ֮һ
ĹߴΪ죬һ͸һĽǻûôв졣
ǵ֮ͨ󣬿ʱǸ𺳡
Ρ׳Ĵ¿ֻһƬ¥̨ͤˮȰˡ߽һȴǷЩﶼĳ棬һͨ˴ȣʮɿĿȣʮɸߵĸ߶ȣͺһһ
ղŵʧˣżǱԺ࣡
һκˣھߵʱҲڲͣĴ޴ȡ
ߵڴͬʱҲûǾСӡ
콾طСӵ״̬˲࣬ͬʱҲš
һżǱ֮ǰżϺüһЩҲǲ֮ȵһЩľľܹżԶʱڵĵλǾǴ½һĴɡ
뾯״̬£Сһ߳ȡ
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ЩСȫʼЩ챦ȴӲǵ뷨գһÿòѱͨס
֮ǰķ粨Ѿ˹˼ǿɲȥƿ⣬˭֪᲻һ
̶ȣɲЩסڡ·ڵıһﶼͨͨǿбģȻЩĵرеڻˡ
ҪõЩĵرΣա
˱ͲգЩĵرļֵûãǱҲûжź
Ȼֻ˵뷨ˣСʮź̾ĳ¸·ǰ
߳Ƭҩ֮Сӱһյķ
ԼмǧɴСżΨһһ
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ɲʱ۾һκˣǵһ𺳡
ԵҲͫ׷Ŵ𺳡
Сӽһ˫֮¶һ˿η塣
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ǳֳ㷴ӦģЩսನȻЩನµĳˢԽԽϡ̺ŵȴԽÿһˣ
мǸɵĴ֮УżལǻţȼΪһǧɣΧѷͺһܡ
꣬ȻನڣǶǿǿߣ
զ࣬ͻȻ֮о֮;·кܳûоͷ
ನֻķΧдͨţȻżҲһƬ档
СһսನҪȥɲʲô򵥵飬ץûͨͨǰ
ճ̶ȷǳ󣬴ﴩȥĻ»Σա
Σôûֻͨһ·ˡ
ҹ۲ˣȻкܴķգֻҪպģನǣסܹ˳ȥ

ɲǼ䣬ЩСӿʼ˽ͨನ
ղ˽ۣǾǰͨǱͨ
ûжãЩСӱϡûгҲΪڴϵĽѵ챦ջ׹ܵͷߡ
Щ°վһűһϾǰճ̶Ȳô򵥵ģǶа취ͨ򣬵ܻ䰵ķա
ǵǲԸһԣΪȳԷա
Щ˲Ը⣬ҲһЩ˲Ը⣬ͱ콾ط硣
ǰطĶԱǣû˿ԥ˹ȥٶһ㣬ƽǾˣû˿
ط˵ķʽ͸ƽһ͸Χûʲôನֻһ·һ
Ψұġø֮ģ
˫۷ŴͫǾ㵣ĳطδȥģҲ֮ΧನȥЩֲֻһ·Ѿ壬յ㡣
ǵɴ۾طƽذĴյһľκˡ
Ǹϣ
ԵĽͺȣһǲ˽ȥˣֱϡ
΢΢һ㶣ߵҲ׷׼ֻĽ鶯Ǿͻȥ
ĸ˶ʲôޱ֮ˣ֮Ҳ㹻͡ǿطͨʱ򣬾ѾҪôˡ
߶ԭأԶԶط˴ﴩȥ
ৣ
һƷĽȳ˳ȥΣΪ
ʮ߶ʱը˹СӶɵĴһƬನһκˡ
ͬʱЩҲ׷׹ˣϾҲԸŵߡ
ţ˷׷׳мһСȥٶȿĿֲƽһ㡣
ȹȥطˣѾ߳ನ
ǽһ㳡㳡Ŀ˴һ
㳡һɿ滹һͼ󷨣ĸǻһ޴㳡Χвͨ𴦵Ĳڣռʮֹ
㳡ϷźԼˡ
طˣվ￴ţͫдһ˿𺳡
ЩСȿֺĳ㳡ٸ֮󣬲ɵɴ۾
ٸ˶ڱȥģȻٸ˲¶㷴Ӧ𺳵Щ˵ʵ
ЩӦǴͨˣ
Ե绨һ˿𺳣ٸͨ߱˱ʵľ
ͨߣ
һκˣ㵵Ŀ
Ǵͨߡһ㶼龳
ҲĽ㣬һ˿ڸǵ𺳡
龳ǳͨǿߣһȭɺգʵֲľˡȻҲѾܹ龳ǿˣû뵽Ȼٸ龳ǿﱻ


306 
ٸ龳ǿ߱Ļʵľ
ͬʱҲִĹȺǸ˵ĿֲȻǰкܶżĹȺǵٸ龳ʱǲŷֲ˵Ŀֲ
Ҫ֪ٸ龳ǿߣŵĶ׼սĶʵڸˣЩ龳ǿûгֵʱ˲䱻⣬һһӱٸ龳ǿߡ
ӿֲĻЩ龳ǿ߾ȻûֿҲ޷ѳΪĳ̶ȥǾʱȥ
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ԶʱھȻֲǿߣ־ֱӽ龳ǿ߱⣬ΪҴû˵
ֲһЩܰ

۷׷ףϻܿһ˿
Щ߲֪ĹȺֻ֪ˡ
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˿Χüͷ壬ЩΡ
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ϾЩ˶ҪȻҪ챦ǰƿ⣬ǱǷƿĸ˿ǻһ˲ʸ֮
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Ȼǲ֪Щ飬ȴһ֧Сһͨٲ÷Сӵˣŵġ
ͬʱҲģֻвЩСһͿúȡһЩĵر챦
ܿ죬СӵĶӳʼһЩͨȻ콾طΪף⼸һ·Ǵͷȷ棬ûԥ
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ԵĽͺȣȳһͨȥ
ķ׷׸ϡܿ죬ʮ֧Сӱɢ˶Ǹͬһһͨû˽ͨ
ĳһ֮ͨУ˾ܣǰš
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żǹ֮ǰЩ鱦סˡǽȥҵһЩֵƵ鱦Ҳ޷ȡ⵹ͦ鷳һ顣
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ĴţҪѰҿûʲô챦֮ĶԶһ龳ϡ
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Զıˣ¶Цݡ
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ԵĽǾ㵣ʶĳѯʣǿ֮ˣ˭ûмܣ
ҲЩѯʳ⵹Ľȣ׹ġ

΢΢һЦǰȥȻ˵Լк顣
΢΢һ㶣űǰɿƶţٶȿһ㡣
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307 
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308 
㳡ϣط粻ͣƿ⣬һδλĵر鱦Ʒ
˫֮УһȽϣǱ˭ٶȿ졣
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309 
ټɹ㳡ϣ龳ǿĴݺᣬ񱩵ѹΪ֮ɫ䡣
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ڴ˹Ϣ⣬һѹȸС
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Щǰ˷ܲѣЩȴңǿĹֱӽǵ壬Ѫģ
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עط󵶣ͬʱҲԾ˭֪ʲôΣյڵȴǡ
䣡
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ƿգһӹһ촫ʯŶʱطĵ飬Ũĳ̹
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һһŮԿĳŮꡢսʱ򣬱סġ
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ڰһ˿ͣ૳ȻĽ飬ԣҲ鲻Խ˵
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Ŀͣһ૳֮жŨҵ
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˶ԭأĿôеľȫʧ˼ȫֻŮ
Ľ鿴Ůв¶һ˿Ա
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ֻĵһ˫ԭɱ۾ڴ˿̾η塣
Ȼ콾ط߶֪֮壬ÿһ˵Ŀжſ־壬һЩδڲ


311 ɫԲ
Զ֮ǵʵ̫ˣЩյľҲֲ֮龳ǿ߿һ۾ͻʱݵ飬Ѿ˵֮Ŀֲˡ
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ɲҲҧ˹ȥΨһͨû·ߣûѡ


312 
Ҳߣ
ǰĽͺһ㳯Ǹͨȥ
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ͬʱ˶ڲͨͨĵطֻʲô챦Σա
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313 ض
߶վںϿţÿ˶üͷ壬оŵҪҪȥԭ
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ʱǰĽתĶһ仰֮󣬱򶴿ڡ
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314 Դͷ
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ΪżĺԴģһŶһƬʱⲻЩͷƤ顣
Ҫ֪żʮɵĴ㳡ͨͨżеһжǱġ
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ΪʲôоɺЩ⣿
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üͷ壬̧ͷǸһɴСĺ˼С
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Ľʱļ٣ҧҧݱ
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ĲӰĻҲԡ
գ΢΢˵ѾɽҲܹѹסģ޷ȫĵȥսܵӰ죬ҲǺһùޣҲܹǿߵʵ
лл磡
ֻʱ¶һƢЦݣæлȥǺ
΢΢һЦҲͷĵĽ˹ȥ
ǰһסȫܵ˿Ӱ죬һҲȫʧ·𳹵׵ıѹһ
ǡ
һоԽԽˡ
ȴûô࣬¶һ˿ϲеĺ
Զطͫһٴαԭء
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬һըֻعһ˵ϣعʼĲ
˶ʱȻɫ䡣


318 
Ҫ̮ˣ
ߣȻǶᱻģ
Ҳһǧɣ
ɲǼ䣬عڵը˹һױ־֮ɫռȫֽţļģ·Ѱҳһûڡ
ͬʱΨһһڣҲǶϵĽݣǸ޷ֱٶȳȥµǸʱ˶ᱻҳһ࣬㲻ᣬҲȫûа·
˵ɫҲһ˲仯콾طˣ뵽ռȫû뵽ȡһȻԵռ̮
ع̮ʵŻ˲ˣȻһЩСӵĶӳȴܿͱס侲ˡ
Щܹӵˣȫ׺ûõģҪȥͱ뱣侲ӦԴʩ
Ȼһ£ǻʲôӦԴʩΨһİ취ѭͨܣֻعȫ̮֮ǰܳǾܹȥ
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ԵĽ׼ϡ
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ⲢΣյģΣյһ񺮱Ʒһ
콫Щƿ
찡ȻǶҪ
ͽ籩

Ȼ֮䣬һסģ˲ʣǰһ˹ĺȥ
䣡
عڶһ񱩵ˣһǿֲֿݺݺǰһǽ
Щ֮ǰʲôìܣڴ˿ȫŽһΪľǻ
߸ʩֶΣƿǳǿÿÿһǡôܹǰϰȥҲɴĶعΣա
죡
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ʩչĽһ⾳Ƿŵ徳ѧϰӣͨҲܴеõһ˿򣬲Ǽ̮ıû˻עһЩĻӳ졣
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һͺȣϾӹһ˿֮ɫɽӳһĽȻɣֱӾͽǰҹӴ󺮱顣
عҡҡ׹ıһһ̮ĵҲһӣܵıǽѷ죬һģļ٣˾ȹϵϣͷ󺹣ͣš
ҧˣղŵ̤֮Ҳ뿪ʱ򱻺ʯУ˷ĵһѺۡ
ع֧Ų˶೤ʱˣ
Χͣ׹亮ʯѷԼıŭһҧء
عļ̮ɶʯ׹ѵĵ·ѾĺʯסֲͣĳϰߵĽŲͣεȥϰ
˶ûôʱȥϰΪعѾͿҪˣĵȵϰȥʱ򣬿عҲֱӵ˶ᱻ˶Ľ顢ġط硭
ļǿҲҪ䣬˵ûܹ
֪Ҳ֪Ҳȥֻڴ˿ûҲûа취ܹվֻһƳϰһ߽ʾ֭ѰҰ취Ȼ㼱Ҳûаô
飡
ɲ֮䣬عҡεĸܵı׷׵أعϷ컨Ҳѿʼѷ죬˴ʧɫҡ
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һɿֲϢͷƤ飬Ľ顢ط硭⼸ߵʵƿֲˣҲоһ䣬·һͷԵ׹ڤħ޶һ
ôᡭ
һκˣ۽ǵ⿴һӰӹֲٶĿࡣ

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һֲľĽݺϷʱعֲĲ׹ʯøң׹š
ȻϷĽȴǿֲ˹ֱ˺棬չ¶һɴСĺ蹵һ˿Ψһĳڣĳڣ
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Ψһܹ˵Ļһ㽫زֳˣҪ֪һǧɵľ룬زһǧɰ
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Ŀߣ

ɲ֮䣬߶ˣһͨΨһĻᣬǵȴ
˲䣬ʮ絯һ㣬ݺݳһͨʹѷš
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Ҳڵһʱ䷴ӦȥΨеľǳعŭһض̤֮˲֩һѷ졣
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䣡
·عֳ˶Ķ߶ͷֱϡ
ھ޴ѷ࣬ҵţٶ˿Ҫһ֣ʮʼձǸٶȣÿϢɵٶȣνʮǿ
ৣ
һƷ𣬼߶һ˲عص֮ǰĴ
һЩʵϲһְסѷߣ

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ȻһЩޱȣղŵһ֮
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˶ʵ޷˿ֲƻֲƻУռ˰ٷ֮ʮֻһūҲͷųĿֲˡ
վԵҲʮ𺳣û뵽ǰ߿һȻܹ˿ֲƻ
Ǳһ˶ռԲУѺң
ƨ㣿ʵҪǽҵģ

ͻȻ֮䣬һЩȻ𣬳ߵķ˹Ŀеĺ
˲䷴Ӧɫ
Ե΢΢̧ͷӹһ˿ɱ⣬ȴûɱġ
ֻνһޱĽˮްӿֱӽǼɶ˵ߵķݰ㵹ɶ
ҪôģҵУǵҾģ
˪֮дһ˿˺µɱ
΢΢ȻҲûôࡣ
Ǽڵϣ³һѪͬηĴһԡ
ԭǣӣæԺ뷨Ĩһɶȥ鷳
ԭЩֻʵǰͷȫ˺ĿֲںǼЩȻа뷨ǿû͵סһ
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ֻΧ˵ڵ棬Խǵ
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˲䣬۾¶һ˿̰
һ̣Ϳ߱ȥĿ
ţ󵶣Ҫˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬طӰһµԣĴ󵶻ʰϸš
һŴ󵶹ȥ߲ڨڨһЦ۾ȴ˸ԹĹâȻǸŭԡ
Ľƫ׿ӵ֮Ůϣ۾סҲܵӰ죬Ůеĳһ֮¶һ˿ȻֱĮ
ţӰһ˲͵ŮԣаֽǱ֮˸һ˿ʡ


319 ɫԲ
ڣڨڨһЦͷ˶ȥǿɲҸĽ顢ط
䣡
ٴη죬һ޴ʯӿնڵϣʯʱ飬ѷӿ
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ȹϵϣ˲
ȻѾĺֳ룬ػѾٹ̵ݵصˣ˵Ȼûô׾ͻ̮ء
ֻȴ˵عڵصµعνʮֿǸطһ̮Ϸĵʧȥ֧ȻҲݽȥ
˵صµع̮ϷҲҪꡣⲻֻǴ̮ѣҲǷ˿ֲ顣
żʼȫԵĵʤĸ¥̮ѷѸţżĵ浽ѷ죬ķѵģĿġ
ĵطɹ㳡
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żŨ̹ǽһƬĿ꣬챦Զ⣬صصףա
ҡҡ׹Ĵ֮Уҳһ࣬һЩʵϵͣ漸ʽٵǾֲѣĶʵ̫ˡ
ҡҡ׹ӷ·ʱᵹȻҪȥġֻڿδرҪȫȻĵײǿտһƬȴǼδġ
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죬Ȱͷĳǹ£
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䣡
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һһȰӰȻ˵룬ߵԣġ
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ΧŨÿ񱩣𵴳ˣһɿֲһĳ
ĳǹһ˦ʼתһβ˷˦ȥֲĳʵԵʯ㣬ݺ˵š
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ĲϺ⣬⣬Ҳ޷ôáȻĲ⣬Ҳһֱȥ̮ĻпܻᱻĲѹ
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ǿϣˣ˭Ҫˣصҵһɱ볤Ҳͬ

ɲ֮䣬沿ŤֲȫҪǽɫԲ֡

ǰĽҧһ
Ӱڵһ㣬ֱϣڵһ֡
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䣡
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Ķ־ͺǳһһɹɿֲƻĿʼ죬˷ƴĴν
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˵һɹɿ񱩵Ƴһֲǻţҵ󣬼˼Ƕ֮⣬ȫС
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µǷսţϿյĽɫԲҲڻ¡
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飡
ضĿעõɫԲ̵ߡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ľ顢ġط硭ܹ˾ŸߣȫضֱƽɫԲ̡


320 
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ϿգˡŸߴ˷ɫԲ̣һ֧СӶȥˣԸСӵĶӳǡ
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еһɫԲ̵ߣѾǳӽɫԲ̣֡
ΪڶҲ˿ֻǿܹ׷ȥڵõɫԲ̡
Բҵˣ
ͨصߣüҴϲϾҲתһƬϲһ̱ܵ֡
룡
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ǾɫԲΪӽ߶ʱɫ䣬ͫеĻϲ˲ʧֻʣһɱ뱩ŭĻ棬Ӳȥ½ɫԲ̣Ϊʧȥһֱۡ

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еΪԼĿ֮ģʤԭҲֻһ䡰Ϊǿ֮뿪εֱ󣬶Ǹʱ䣬æŷֵԼĹǷǳ򵥵İ취ȴǷǳѡ
ˣ
̧סɫԲ̣дϲĽ顭
ʱ˶ͣ׿ǸץסɫԲ̵꣬ԭء
䣡
ͻȻֵһ̣ҡҡ׹Ĵ¡졣


321 
˶ڿеĽɫԲ̣һκˡ
Ǵ˿ĲǽɫԲ̣ɱߵ顣
ͨߣСӵпһָǿߣоˣֲʮϢˡ
ĽϲǳսȫȻֹסˣֻһ֧Сڻ
ʱ⼴̮Ĵȴڷˡ
䣡
ôãڵع̮У˵սӰ쵱Уʧȥ˵ػ֧ţк羵ʯǽ˵ͷ£һԵ÷ǳ֮һȴǿޱȣ̹
ȻѣڿеļߴʧɫæӴܶȥҪʯǽ
ոյõɫԲ̵Ҳ󾪣ϵЦĸɸɾȡ֮֮ɫ
˲䣬ҳһ࣬ȹϵһ㣬ȥһ·޷ѡ
ЩսܵشûжңȫûѣǵĶȴܲˣûԮ֡
ͿҪˣ
ô죿Ǹô죿
һʯǽ
ʯǽϽģǸ޷鰡

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һ˲ȻѹĴ˹򿪣ɫԲ˽ȥ
䣡
ţϿյĽݺݺʯǽ֮ϣԲĵȻݣصʲôЩʯ飬һ㡣
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磬Ľʦ㣬ʦ֣ǿߣ
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Ľ顢ģط˼û˿ԥȫضڵһֱ졣
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ʦ֣ң
ʦܣҾȳȥ
ҲҪҾȳȥҰһжǣҩʯȾң

ͬһʱ䣬Щܵ˵ǷĴǿǲһ̮ȥĵħһĥǾԽԽ
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һ̣Ȼ̮ȥܵˣûѵȫصףЩνͬʦֵȫȣΪ˵ðյ飬ǿɲԸ⽫ԼҲˮҲªһ档
ϸ߿յ̾˿жªһеЩûȥȣδ֮ǰֻǱ򡭡
ˣֻʣȶʮˣȫڿУȵŵʧ֮ǲء
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322 ɽ
˵ɴ۾һһκˡ
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ԵţĪ˵Ļ
Ļһ
еľκ˲ƽϢ˲Ŀüͷ塣
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Ľ顢ط˶ǴˣȻҲĸоеٲȻһŮ
ӣټڵĸķӦ
ÿÿһ˸оʲô֣оʲô飬˵ĸоʮ
ԣ˶ڵȴĻشȻҲǡ
ȻȴüһԲ
߰ɣ
ֻ̧а֣ס֮󣬴˳ĬӰ˲䳯ŷźָ˳ȥ
ֻһȺԣüͷǡ
üͷ壬΢΢һ֮󣬱˵ߣ
ţ㣬絯һ㣬ֱӳ˳ȥȥķ׷ϡ
û˿ԥͬʱ
ͬǶȥĽȻûʱ俼ǣҲ׷ȥ
һʱ䣬ȺԵĿ˵ıӰʮֵĲ졣
콾طҲüͷ壬µǲ죬΢΢˼һ֮󣬱¾
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طͷųȥļʸһ㣬һܳȥ⡣
ĶһΨǴӣطû˿ԥĸȥ
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Ǳǲ֮Ȼָǿ϶ʲôõط
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δȷ֮ǰǲҪЩں棬ûйֵʱǶˣ϶⣡Ҳϣ

ɲǼ䣬Щ߽ȫȥķ׷ȥ
ǰķ֮Уǰ·ٶȿ磬˲ʹܳɣԶ
һֱţȻݲ⣬ҲûٴοڣԿ϶ʲô飬ӣȷʵЩᣬ֪ҪҪѯʡ
ˣҵʲôطѯʰɡ
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ڵڶλãط˵ĺ棬ԶԶĸţͬʱҲڲ²Ÿָ飬Ҫȥĵطģʲô顭
λãһȺҲģϵ׷ϣͬʱҲڲͣ²⡣
ȻٶĲ²Ҳûаô˶ȷ׵Ϊʲô飬ָķʲôط
˶ڲͣǰţٶȿƿֲÿһϢﵽɣӽǧɵٶȣǿ硣
ȻʱȴԽԽĵصȴʼնûг֣ǰҲʼնûͣ
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һһǷ׷׵ִǿ˿Ķ֮󣬱Ҳˣԭˡ
ȫž΢ڵ֮⣬˶𾪣ֻз紵Ҷɳɳ
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323 
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ʱûжãĵ˵ͷ
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330 
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332 ˮ
Ľ顢վһ޴ʯϡĿתĿŲԶɫ޴Ĺڻϸ˶һͷˮ
Ťͷɻʵʦ֣ˮʲôˮΪʲôǺɫģĵʲô
Ľѯʣ׷׿ġ
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Ǻʵʦ֣˵ˮôȴˮʲôð
ˮҪΪ˴ƷǶӦ֪һŵرܲô棬ҲͼʧЧˮԽŵرʧЧ
Ķ˶ټ˵ĵڲرĵطҲڵŽĵŽˮеԭֻǲ֪Ūôˮ
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⣬һӰⲽ
ط硣
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طȻһЩ߹Ҳûط缸˷֮ǰЩ˱ֿˣЩУ˶һ𣬾Ǵ򲻹Ҳ·硣

طƺŭط磬ɫһ䣬ĳȫע볤Уֻǳ͵ķźɫâֱֳֵһת
ֻǺɫĵһĵϵĻҳ𵴿һţԾ͵ĳ˹ȥƺܽһ
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ʩչıֱײطĺɫ棬һСײȻطûеɳȥҲͣһ£Ʈ
ոصطֳڵϴЦʵĻȰ㻹ͶɣһῼǸȫʬġ
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طǹҲҲǹһ˰ɫĳǹǹԼ׺ؽʵ϶˼ְ
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ţʼСװʼһЩŵر
ĽҲûţǵСǬװ˶ٱûȥҲûȥѧؼǽһЩ۵ıȫСﶪ
ʱѰŵرֵɽҲ֪ΪΣʼҲΪΧҲ
ͻȻϡһеɽԶƣڴм䣬ɽĽ泯ɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ţطһ˵е˻ûģǺ˿̶ĳɽɹȥЩߣƺܲԸɽַ·֮ǳɽȥ
طǵɽ󣬺ܿͱںϵɽȥˣո߷׷Ѫǲ˼Ŀɽ︡־֮ɫطҲ⡣
ҲһͷˮĿɽһμѽһ


334 ɽ
ĵڣ˵Ŀעڰյɽ
˿̵ɽЩһ
ɽƵʱѩɫģȴǱĻ̵ġ
ֲʲôɫˡ
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ǰɽɫˣҲˡ
ûЩʱɽոպʡ
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ѵҪһ˱һѸԼԳƵĽһǻ̵ĽԺôȥˣ
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͡
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341 å
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˺һᣬеϿյЩƺˣͬʱһ
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342 Ĵ
֪Լʲôϣһڡ

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ص˵
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ͷȻеİаݷʲô˼ˡ


343 Ǭ
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344 ѹ
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ЩŭˣղǸոռ̽һԼΪǲΪ
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345 
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ڳĴΪ׶ɫصĵ˵ͷ
ԴͷΧԶħһ˴һâĵâԶħͷײһ
ĵâײһ˲䣬ʱĿ޴ĹĻĿ޴ĹĻոճ־ͽԶħΧס
ۺҪԺҼػţػǡ
ǶӾӢСӣȥػһǡ
ɫصԳڵС˵

ڵľӢСӣصҳһ˹ȥ
ȻҲŹȥ˿Ҳǰ
Ȼûмȴ˵ǳǿʶ󷨵зǿġ
󷨷ǿûǲҪҲǷǳġ
ĸǾҪĸΧҪָ󷨼ӹ̡
һǳأ龳һһơ
ڵľӢСӹλָʣµĸľӢӣ󷨵ܸ󷨼ӹ̡


349 
໡
Զħ񿴵Լסʱ쳤Хֻ޴ƷĴ
顭
Զħһȭм䣬ֻ󷨶ʱ͹һȭӡ
ͣԶħеλõӢӣʱҷɳȥʮԶĵطڴڵѪ
顭
Զħһȭ档
͡
ӢӱҵÿѪͬߵķһɳȥ
Զħһȭһȭǿ̫ˣһηɺɳȥľӢʵǿһŪһͷһѪʵһоͶֶϽţеֱӱ
˿ʱ򣬲Ľᵽɤӱˡ
ôû뵽ԶħȻ
ҲǾĿԶħﾪͬʱԶħȻǻԶħܱȵġ
Ҫ֪ոԶħȭǿǸģķжǿĺܡ
ǣԶħһȭӢӣɴ˿ɼжǿ
Զħ񿴵һȭܺӢӵĳƺһ
ȭͷѵĺ档
ǸԶħ̫ңͱ˺ѳһ
Կ󾪣ͬʱԲܳȥˡ
뵽гǰֵ
ЩƺҲ֪ԣǸĳ϶ǳǸȱڴȥ취ֵ
ߡ
ǰһ峤ϣӡһâԶħϡ
ϵЩҲǴһĹâǴЩâǳȱڳȥġ
󣬸ҽȥ
ֻϴһâԶħͷִ档
ҲʱЩҲ޸ϣҲ½Զħסɡ
˿Զħֱ˽ʱ򣬶ʱ˿
Զħֿʼ
ڳ߸ոշµΪе˶֪ԶħȥĻ˶󷨺ܿҪˡ
ڳ˲ʱסҪôɱһ⡣
ء
Ȼǿ״̬µԶħķ񴷴£һطһӡ
βѣкüϳȥеֵ
ߣ
Ϊ׵һֳһԶħȥ

һԶħͷϣһײ
໡
һԶħ˻ȥȻЩʣߵĹ̫ǿҲ޷ЩԴ˻ȥͻƿڡ
ԶħĳСʱʱһ
ģԶħôᳯҪսһˡ
ˡ
ԶħǳصĽŲ˵Ķ
˿ԶħǸȥʱвΪӢСӵ
ԭܼ򵥣ӢСӿ϶Ҫɳȥ֪Ҫ˶پӢӡ
໡
ֻԶħŭһͬһȭϡ
顪
һ죬˸еǣӾӢСӾȻûбɳȥֻЩɫ԰ײûбɳȥ
ڵӾӢСȻûбɳȥǱ˺һӡ
ӾӢСӿԶħҪҲ˲ôˣǰȥеֵ
ЩӢûйԶħ񣬶ǲһЩ赲Զħ
Ϊ׼Ӣӿʼһ
֪һ˵ǲģͨؾƿ
ҪõԶħǰǾ;ЩˣƺҲǿķֶˡ
ողúãֻԶħǰͳһڵסԶħӵĶơ
һɫĶɫĹâƺ̵ܼ֪Բ赲סԶħġ
Զħߵ޴ɫǰΪмƳһۣȻҲһ̤˹ȥ
顭
ֻɫ˲ѿǼľӢҲɳȥ䵽ԶºüѪ
ϡ
ɱ
ʮӢӿͬ鱻ɣȻ𾪵ûһ˿ĺ£Զħɱ˹ȥ
ȻЩӢӵͬʱҲҡҡͷ
ȻֻЩӢӻû嵽ԶħǰͱԶħһȭˡ
һȭ̫û󷨵ĵֵڵϵľӢֻôҴġ
ԶħһĻȭڵСӷĹ
ۿӢ˵ˣ˶ΪӾӢӸеϧ
ֻʣʮΪľӢӵʱ˶ΪʮӢӣҲӲԶħɱԶħҲɹӳ
ʱһýӰʮӢһԾɫƽվԶħǰ
ֳɽӵԶħǰʱ˶㵵Ŀ
Щӣбӣϧвмָ
ûںôֳֻ࣬ɽĿԶħ
һ̣ˡ
˻Ľ⣡
ͺһͣĻӶеɽɽɢŰɫĹâҫۡ
Ӷɽʱ߳ʮõĽӰЩӰ̺ǿĽ⣬·̴ܴһС
ʮǿĽӰǰԶתţƺȴʱ
ҲʱеɽԶħһӣֻߵýӰ˲䳯Զħ˹ȥ
Զħ񿴵̹ĽӰ΢һ£̸Ͽ־嵫ӵѾʧ
Ҳ˵ĹоΣգýԴ
顪
ѵѵ
ֻʩչʮýӰݺݵĺԶħϣȻû˺ȴ˺ü
ʱ˶ЩŵĿ˭Ҳû뵽һ۵ľӢӾȻһ֮Զħ
رԣԼĴڳĳǣһĿת·Ҫһ
໡
ԶħŭӲɺͭһţŭ
顪
ԶħȭݺݵһңȻ
ˡ
صĽŲĲѾˣеҡҡͷ̾ϢתȥƺԸ⿴ѪһĻҲеΪܵ
Ϊȴ˴һ
ûпͷܣһƽĵȴԶħĵƺһгӡ
ԶħʮɵʱһĶԶħȫͺȵ
ɣ
ʩչɵʱΧʼͻȻ񱩵Ҳű
ʱеɽһӣͬʱעһעɽʱɾ޽޽ʮɳ
޽Ŀ£͵ĳԶħȥ
͡
һԶħļ϶ʱѪⷭͬʱҲԶħˡ
ĸľӢӣǰôû֣
Ĵ׷ɻͬʱϸˡ


350 
ǸӢǸľӢӣΪʵȴǲ
Ǽ𣿡
ǰûмҵľӢӡ
Ϸ׷ţ˵ҵľӢӵʱ򣬺üϳһҳϿ˹ȥ
˼˵λǲңʵ֪Ҳֻ֪࣬յľӢӡ
ԭҲȻյôһţѵá
ҵҲЦЦͷȷҼӢУʵߵľӢӣյȫ
໡
ʱ򣬱˵ԶħһŭֿʼĹ
Щ̸ĳǲòͣȻһĿԶħ
гԶħѾҲãǱڶʱڽɱ
˵ԣһһָڳϡ
ʱܵɽĻ̫鹬ԼҵĳԵĻû˿ԥʱԶħ˹ȥ
飡

ݡ
ڳϼͬʱԼԶħΧסҹԶħ
ȻԶħǿ󣬵ҲסϵֹûϢ·硣
໡
Զħʹ˻ţѾ˺üɼǵ˿ڣЩ˿ڲûսˣʹӱŭ
顭
ŭԶħһȭ棬Ҳҳһȱ
һЩַ׷׵ĳȥԶħȥͬʱҲųɱгԶħɱ˹ȥ
ЩϵʵȻһǿϵɲܽԶħɱһƤˡ
ʱҲȹˣĸҲʱػţҲ

ԣֻĳۣڰУֳһɫǹԶħԳһ
ԵƷǳǿ󣬻ĳ۴ĹĹĵģ޷Զͣķš
峤ˡ
峤ʤ
峤
ĵӲͣźţеļԳֵĵ˷ܲѣȫڴеľûԳֵҲһڴ
Ͼ峤ѾλʮˣΪǿĻסڵĳǡ
ĵӿʼźĵҲϣܹɱԶħ
ȻֻһЩ֪ʵĵźһЩ֪ʵ˶ɫصĿԣƺڵʲô
ĳɫΪأξҵĸ֣ľɽ̫鹬Ҳԡ
ֻǵĵĲԵԶħ˻ֻȻɽ̫鹬һϢԶħɱ
һҡ
ԿԳ֣̫鹬ɽż𣬾뿴
ҼһǵĿԣһĵӣԲеĻ;Իȥ
ҲһǵĿԣԶħʵ֪ģʵǺǿ֪ҪһɱԶħĻʺС
ʱԶˡ
ֻڰյԽеɫǹһᣬڿлһ뻡ߣ⵽뻡˲䳯Զħײȥ
Իӳһ뻡ߵʱԶħƺҲƽ˲٣Ŀǵ߳ײ
Եһпνٲʩչġ
ǣԶħȴǺ
ֻԶħͷһͣŭһֻ޴ȭͷȻڵϡ
𡭡
顪
ΪΧɵĴعѿѸٵӿ
ڴعѵͬʱֻԶħ³һЩһȦһȦɢ
Щû˿ˮһ
ɾЩûκɱȴǽڳ˸סˡ
ֻЩ֮ʯͷǵıȫΪһѰ
Իӳһߣ·һƬҶڴƮһûþʧ
ԿЩʱ򣬰á
뵽ԴһϽܣ
Եո£ǰʱͳһɫĶơ
ɫĶƣɫĹâ䶯ʮɸ߽Щȫ档
ЩֵˣȻЩӢӲ֪Ҫжٵ
ǿ
ֵһͬʱԶħ̫ǿˣֵܲܵס᲻֣
ƺĵǶġ
ܿһߴȺз˳ƮԵǰ˵֣һ֮
Цŵ˵ͷûж˵ʲô
峤Ҳһ֮
˵죬ո£ͳԵǰ
峤ɱаħҵȵְƶҲһ֮
ո£һ۵˲Եǰ
˸λɱԶħʤҲǴ˺ܶ࣬ǳǿȥһԺ¡
ɫصĳĴ˵
һϤ㡣
졢ҡԼͬʱ˵
ŵҲ첻Ļ˵ԲҲҪǰģϾĸס
Գʲô飬Ȳ˵жģǾԲ鷢ġ
ֻԳǹֱһһԾɫǹԶħȥ
ԶħʮԶʱڰյԽȫעɫǹڡ
ֻǱעɫǹʱâ䣬ɢҫ۵Ĺâ
󣬽һǹ
ԵͺһгǹһӣȻŸӵӡ󳯳ǹһâ
ͷϳǹԵĿ͵ĳԶħ̹ȥ
ɫĳǹֱӴƳգڿĦһ˿𻨣ʱڳǹĺϳһʮɵĻɫβ͡
ԶԶħ񿴵ԽǹԼҲȭͷǳǹȥ

͡
ǹ̵Զħʱ򣬶ʱײ
ǹܿͽԶħȭͷϵķ̴ֱӴ̽档
໡
Զħҽмױŭ
顭
Զħҵײ£󷨱ײòӣѷ졣
ǣ󷨱ײƵͬʱҲһЩϷ׷ǰֵ
һԶħһʱ仹޷

Űʱ֮ڸԶħսһƬɽɽ嵹Ͽ뿪һѷ죬ֻһƬˡ
Զħԣ죬ԼҵΧ£ǳҡ
ʱڴľӢӱɣҲò
͡
һӢڵֿסһѪɳȥ
顪
ӢӱɣҲƿһ޴Ŀ
ţֻԶħӰһ֮󣬾Ϳʼܡ
Զħٶȷǳ죬Լ׷ʱȴֻܿһСڵ㣬ȥ׷


351 ɽ
ʲôԶħȻˡ
ô죬Ҫܵĸǳؾ鷳ˡ
Զħ̫ǿˣȥԺ˵ж
ڳ˿Զħܵʱҳһࡣ
ԿɫǳѿҲû뵽ȻᱻԶħˣûܵĻûġ
뵽Ծ
˵˵׻ԼʵȻԶħܵˡ
λԶħѾܵȥʲôطǴҶȥﶼڻ˼䣬һҪ׷ȥɱźá
ԶԶĴ˵
峤˵ĲһҪԶħɱһҪ죬и޹ڷ
վ˵
Ҳɫصĵ˵ͷ
²˳٣ھȥ׷Զħ񡣡
˵
á
ѾļһֱӳԶħʧĵطȥ
Ĵ춼뿪ڳĳҲʼɢȥЩӢҲɢȥ
ʦ֣ȻԶħҲˣҲȥܳҲһء
ɫЩÿĳĺ˵
ð˵ǻܰʲôæҲ˵˵ˣԶħܳȥ϶˲һ·׷ȥܾȶ١
ͷ˵
ҸоҲģϾԶħ˵ĹƺܶĶͨˣǶûΪˣǸӦðǡ
Ľ˵
ãһǼȿɾˣҲһ·׷Զħ񡣡
˴򶨺ҲԶħʧĵطȥ

찡ԶħȻŪһƬˡ
ԼǰЩ컹һ˺ܶණĳǳأȴǱһƬǽ嵽ǵķݡ
ֵѷ죬һЩͨˣЩͨ߶㲻ϣеıԶħеıķݸˡ
һЩķԱߣ˻ڷŷ棬Ѱżˡ
֮ǳѾĿȫˣ˵ˣȫ
Զħ̫ɶˣ
ҧгݵ˵
վʲôҲû˵ȴǷĲܸʲôһҪɱԶħ
뵽ԶħôɶԼ޲ҵнɱ
ǣԶħôҵģҵƾ˾ɱԲܡ
ҪҲס׷ɱԶħĽŲ

һǳرݻ١
ǰһƬǽ岻̾Ϣ
֪Զħ񵽵״ݻ˶ǳأ֪жͨ˵ʲôոߡ
Щ˸е˵
ķݻûһǺõģֵϺʬأԶħ񾿾ǺΪộ
Ŀߺʬ壬ȭͷŭ˵
Ѿǵǳˣ֪峤׷ԶħûУ
뵽̾һĺ뿪ǳء
ҲʱгһӰ
ӰΪǿٶ龳ǿߣĳĳϡ
ǿߵٶȷǳ죬һӾʧС
ûعһӰ˹ȥ
Ҳһ龳ǿߣʧĵطǸոǿʧĵطһġ
ӰӹһһӰϿӹ
ȵǣǵʧĵطȻһط
뵽Ѿ˸ˡ
ʦ֣Ҳȥ
ĳ˵
ʦܣǵ˼˵ԶħЩǿȥĵط
ĺʵ
ţҲµûĻոЩǿӦǷԶħˣϹȥ׷ɱҲȥ
ͷ˵
˵ҲЩǿʧķȥ
ҲæһǸȥ
Ȼ˵ٶȲǺܿ죬׷ЩǿҲڸ
ЩǿߺĲˣҲྫӢӸЩǿȥ
ЩǿȥɱԶħ񣬸ںЩӢӵĸ棬Ҳûʱȥǣǿֻ뾡ĳȥæһɱԶħ
Զħô̵ʱôԶ
ʱ󣬿ǳʱӣﴭŴ˵
ԶħٶҲǿģ峤˶׷ϣٶôԶҲֲˡ
͵
⵽׻жԶԶħ񣬾ȻܳôԶĵط
Щͷ˵
ǾһһĳǳصʱͰ룺Զħո뿪ӦþڸǵõĽȴһһʧ
û£ֻҪǸЩǿһ·׷ɱȥ׷ϵġ
һԾӹǰԶħŪһ蹵˵
Ҳ˹ȥ

Ҳ֪׷˶ãҪϢһʱ򣬲Զһ޺
໡
Զħ
Щȷ˵
Ҳϸһ£Ȼͷ˵ʦ֣µĲԶħûʲô⸽
ȻԶħڸǾ͸Ͻȥɡ
ЩȲ˵
Ǻãھ͹ȥ
˵վո޺ķȥ
˽
ܿ죬û׷·ֻоµĴһ£Ȼ͵̧ͷͿһɽϴԶħš
ԶħˣʮϻӢΧԶħ
û뵽ԶħȻԼɽ
ļ˵
ɽʦô˵ɽеرأôɽɽһ
ɻ
磬Ͳ֪ˣҲԣû죬֪Ҳ顣
͵
Ŷô£
ʵ
磬ʵɽҲûʲôرģҪɽһ󷨣󷨿϶ɱԶħ񡣡
һŵ˵
ʲô󷨣˵ӣ
еǸ󷨺Ǻ棬ɱԶħ񣬾ʲôɱ
ʦܣ˵ɣɽϵǸϹ󷨣ǳǿ󣬴˵ܻɱ
ļ˵
ô
ܻɱе㲻š
ǵȻˣ֮ҪĸΪǿܼ֮Ϲ󷨵ҪʲôǿִҾͲǺˡ
ţܺã峤ǿ϶ģǻǸϽȥһɱԶħɡ
˵ĳɽȥ
ߵɽʱ򣬴ɽͻȻһ£ʱʯ
໡
һ޺˹ʮ־
ΪʲôԶħֱǿ˲٣ѵʲôʣ
ǰԶħоûʲôβ֪ΪΣȻֺµĸо


352 
˿Զħʱԡ졢ӡңһ󷨡
ߣ
һеĳǹһɫĹâԶħԡ
ž죬ԴһâʱҲæӶһâԵǵâһ
ӿҲǺԥĴһâǰâײһ
Ĵâҡ
λһһҪԶħɱ
졢ӻҼ˶ǵ˵ͷ
һͬڴʣûһֻϹ󷨳ʱһɫĹ
ɫĹԶħ棬ԶħǹƲɫĹ
һ޴ĹºüˣԶħײ󷨵ıԵ
ɣ
ֳһɫŽͣĻ裬һ硣
ý
еĽ鲻Խ˵
ǣõǰѽǿǻ˺ܴõػһٶɵģһǿ
͵ǰѽһ˵ϲ
ݡ
Ȼеĳ˦˳ȥǱ˦ȥĳ·۾һֱӳԶħؿڴȥ
ǿĽ⣬ڳĲӢӲĲһ·ܽһд̴һ
ĳԶħмʱֻԶħ͵ץס
ꡪ
ȻԶħץסˣµĴȴǷ׷׹ѿ
ǱԶħץסĳĽȵҡţҷһ˵Ľ
ץסʱҲʵѪˮ

ĽԶħƣʹŭһֱӽеĳ˹ȥ
һȸղһҪܶ࣬ٶȷǳ죬ǿ˽ϵʯˣҸųһϮ
ܣ
쿴ǳŻص֪д󲻵ãʩչܡ
ȻǺܴ󣬵ǷȴǺǿ龳ǿֶûлơ
ꡭ
͵Ĵϣֻ԰ܣʱȻִ֩Ѻۡ
ž
ѵ
飬ͬʱҲϵǹɹɿֲˣĵڵϡ
˼飬Լܡ
ʱһ
ʲôԶħôǿˣ
˵
ûԶħòЩˡ
𣿡
ʵ
˵ҲϸĴԶħˡ
Զħû䣬ëĸɺˡ
ô£
ղ˵˵һӢʵ
ʵոտʼԶħûôǿģҲ֪ɵǺˣͱˡ
Ӣµ˵
ԭƶǶĻص
λͷʵ̫ǿκһ˶Ƕ֣ǻһϰɡ
ţȷͷ̫ˣΪ˰ȫǻһȥΧ˺һ㡣
Ҳǵ˵ͷ˵
֪˭һ䡣
쿴峤һΧԶħˡ
Ϣ׷׳Լ˹ȥ
ֻԼ˶ĴųһųԶħɱ˹ȥ
Զħʮɵʱ򣬷׷е˹ȥ
õǳǹõǳõҲǳõһɫĳ
ǵһԶħϣʱҵˣⲢû˶˺
ʵǿԣһǹȥҲŴ̽Ȼ޷ٽֺ
ԶħԼֹȻǺصˣҲʹѡ
໡
ԶħŭĲҽͬʱֻ޴ƣ˹ȥ
顭
ȻǱһˡ
ڳ˿һĻɵһĿĿԼ˵䵽ϡ
ȻԼûѪҲûкõȥͷϵ·ò
Ҫ֪Լ˵ڳĳϻǾӢӣѾ񻰿ڻǱķˡ
뵽ڳ˶оǲվŹսˣʵҪǰϼϾһ׬һ
һϳԶħ˹ȥžĳϳ˹ȥ
ЩӢӿǳҲȥˣǸоԼڲʲô治ʡ
ɱɱֻ
뵽ЩӢҲһɱԶħ
ݡ

ꡪ
顪
ָԶħϣȻʽѤҲЩԶħϣһۼ֮⣬ɲκ˺
찡ôǿ
ô
ոճȥЩԼӢĿɿڴĿԶħһš
Ʋ⻹ô
ҲһԶħȻôǿ󣿡
ЩǣЩϺ;ӢӷƲԶħķҲûǸӷĹ
һʱһȺΧһͷ󹥴һ
ոտʼЩϺ;ӢӵɧţԶħһ񣬾ͱһǹ˶ӡ
Ȼ󣬲Ƿ˲٣ĶƤȴûôֲķ
һǹȥֱӽĳǹȥһ룬ǹγʱȭͷѪܿɫࡣ
໡
һԶħŭˣǰЩʲô˺һΣȥȴ˲С˺
ŭԶħ״̬зķ
ֻһӣʱͽʮӢӸķɳȥԶԶĵڵʮ
ԶħķҲŭЩ뾫ӢӣʹǵĹøˡ
Զħ񷴻ţĳϺ;ӢΧһս˼
Զħе㲻ͷˣֶҲԽԽ̣ӸոյķɱֱһҪѪȾжѪȡ
ңԸҲʩչȫʵڲҪĴ򷨣ȥҪ˲˵Ƕпôһ
Լ˿ɾ
еĳϸӢȫ˿
ԵĻ׷˳ս
һոԶħɱ˵ֶŵˣоǰûκôӼŭɴ
ԿЩϺ;ӢӶ˺󣬲ų켸˵λһǽС취ɱ
켸˵˵ͷʾͬ⡣
ΧԶħ񣬲ҿſھ
ھͬʱǵӰһҲͣת
ոտʼ𽥿Ӱˡ
ֻǵ޴ĹʼС
ǵԽԽССԶħޣܶʽʩչ
ոձԶħǱһ棬ڵǱһϴһ档
ﲻ̾ꡣ
ǽԶħסˣʲôȴǺߵԶħƲһСΧԶħжޣǲ֪ô


353 油
ǽԶħסˣɱֻʱ⡣
һά󷨣һߴ˵
ԼҲһ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱ
ͻȻֻԶħȻײ˹
֪ΪΣԶħƼ㣬˲ͽ޷ײĵɳȥһѪ
ڳ˾ֵĿһĻһĲš
ﲻ̾ϢҪЦҲҪɱԶħЦºˣĸȱһɡ
쵹ɳȥʱҲ𽥵
Կﲻɴ󾪣ոպòײŽԶħסˣȴû뵽Ѫû취ά󷨡
ȻĸȱһɣȻ󷨺ܿͻɢ
Ȼά󷨵Ҳʲô˵ĶԣҪΪǿ֮˲άֵת
˲ԭάֵѾˣԶħƺҲ֪һĹǸۡ
ۿǸ۾ҪˣһˣôԶħͻδطӳôҪٴסĻǾͲôˡ
뵽Ҳ˲ôˣ´ȵ
λϣҲȣԲܳȥˡ

ڳܶ೤ԵĻ֮󣬷׷׳ԶħĹǸطȥ
¡
Զħһȭݺݵ棬ֻûάֵĵطֵ˼֡
һ˵ò˶ã۾ͻᱻơ
ȣһ
ո£ֻһݵѾǰˣҸ߾ž޸Զħ
ԶħȴǿҲûпһֱۣӽͷոպõֵסǾ޸

һཻ˹ֻݵߣ˫Ŀ͵Ŀ˿Ѿȱڵľ޸ֿ˿Զħ
ù߲ʶԼҪܡ
Զħȴǲᣬͷ͵һ̧׳ţǶߵĿм䣬ֻͬߵķһ˴ɳȥ
߱ɳȥĺʱһ߳λá
ƺʵһʩչһˮܡ
ˮܵķЧǲģȻӲĳԶħһơ
þԶħǰ֮˾Ȼûеɳȥʱֲһȭ
顭
һ߱ɳȥ
ֿʼ̾Ϣ
ЩʵǿᣬԶħǰǲ󷨵õȹ̣ԶħҲ
ǣЩܹгսҲǰ취Ҫȫĳ϶Ѫˣָô죿
顭
һ߱ɳȥ˼ϡ
ʱЩأЩɳȥĳ϶Ϊ赲Զħ񣬿ڶ˵ˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊĺƽ
뵽̲סİγɽҪǰȥ
磬㲻ȥԼʵ𣿡
һס˵ѵ
ǡ
ˣЩ϶ԶħĶ֣ȥֻѡ
Բῴȥ
ɷִ硭
зִԶħûзִ硣
˵꣬ľʹĻ
顭
ûֻԶħĶ棬Ѿ˱ײĳǡ
ЩǣȻĿ죬ȥҲ졣
ûһᣬڳĳǻϲ˵ˣû˸ȥˡ
ù󣬻û˸ȥڳ㿴ңҿ㣬һΡ
Ǳץסš
ݵò񣡡
ո£ֻһӰǸ˸վϡ
Ǭ
ڳ˾ոտʼ˸ļǲ
˿Ǭ龳ʱ򣬲ɵ˵ͷ˼ϣ
Ǭ
ɫصĽе죬Ҫ˵ʲôģȴʲôҲû˵
硭
ǵĽе
Ǭ
ľӢӣǵĵĿǬû뵽ƽʱ˹ؼʱ̻Ϊġ
ʱǬޱ飬ĿԶħ
ֻǬ˫ǰʽﲻ֪ʲôڴʡ
ܿ죬Ǭǰһҫ۵Ĺһ־˲ʮɸߡ
ʮɸߵǬĿ£ȻԶħȥ
¡
ֻǱеԶħʱһĲˤܿվסӣǬ͵ײȥ
Ǭɫһ˫ǰһͼ
ͼɢɫĹâǬǰһתš
ˡ
ԶħȻӴ󣬵ȴһ㶼Ӱٶȣһ˲䣬Ǭߡ
¡
ꡪ
ֻԶħ͵һȭǬʩչǸͼ棬ͼ˲ѿ
ǬԼǽɫİͼҪ飬ָһһɫâǸͼڡ
ǵ׹ͼеʱͼʱͱ޸ˡ
Զħһȭ档
¡
¡
¡
¡
ԶħһȭǬĽɫİͼ棬ÿһȭȥǬɫͲ԰˼֡
ǽɫͼǲϵĳֹѣܿͱǬ޸ˡ
˶û뵽ǣסԶħĺüȭֻɫЩ԰׼֡
ڳ˶ΪǬģǬһɽһԶħǰֺ
ʱƣǬɫԽԽѿ
һҵʱǬɫ׵Ĳٰˣһ
ﰵá
ȻֻǬһƺľˣɫİͼ˲ѿ
ꡪ
ǬһѪģֻ͵ĵɳȥԶԶĵڵϡ
ȻûǴʱѾεȥˡ
˹ȥǬˡ
ʱֻԶħֿʼƻǸάֵˣ˶֪ûȥֹĻԶħܿͻˡ
һĻ֪ж޹Ĩɱ
뵽ɽ˹ȥ
˿ԸȥֹʱǺǿġ
ǿΪֻͨؾʱв˶ʱҡҡͷ̾ϢҲе˵ֱȥ
Ҫ֪ոճ赲ԶħǿǸ龳ٶƤ龳һء
Щ龳ǿ߶ûֵܵԶħĹһͨؾȥǲеͷˣ
ҲüͷֳɽﲻɰӢȻͨǿҪ٣Զħǰǲ
뵽ЩεҡҡͷϧŰ
Ը̾ʱֻѾ³ˡ
ֳɽҽڵĺ˳
ĺһΧĿʱ½üȣΧʼˣһЩΪľӢֱӴ¡
ɽע󣬱쳣ҫ
ɽ⺮ĹâƴǣΧͬˮһĳӿ˹
Щӿ壬ʼӡ


354 龳
ǸӺǿӡ
ҿҲǿȥһͨؾСӣмǿķҲֿܵԶħĹ
ƾǸӣԶħԿ
ʵڳ˶ϣӮģϾԶħɱ˶ǵԸΪʵǲұκϣ
仰˵һͯһѵȥһɹʼΪ㡣
ûȥдˣһӡ
ƣ
һͺȣֻǰһߴʮɵ̫ͼ
ʩչ̫ͼŽɫĹâת
໡
ԶħƺܵƣŭĽ˼Ȼ߳˹
顪
ԶħһȭǸɫ̫ͼ棬ֻǸ̫ͼʱͺݺݵĲһ£ûгѺۡ
ڳ˶۾ЩŵĿһĻ㵵ͬʱƺҲһ˿ϣ
ááãˡ
ԴЦһγֵʱע⵽ˣַܲСӣԼŮĹϵܲһ㡣
סֲȥʱԿǿ
ʱ֪̾ѾͷҵСӣȻôɫ
ȻԶħûл̫ͼȴǽ˼蹵
ȻԶħ񲻻ȥЩֿʼ̫ͼ
顭
Զħһȭһȭ̫ͼ棬ûãͳѺۡ
Ȼ޸ţѵٶҪ޸ٶȣҲʱ⡣
ȻȻеյٶȻйӦĵġ
ûһᣬ̫ͼѺԽۿˣò˶Ҳ
Լ˿Ǹ
ΨһϣԶħͻܳǾԲ鷢ġ
ʱȴΪΪֲ̫ͣ˶á
ʱֻɫԽԽףһ֪ˡ
ڳż
Լ˸żҪǰˣ롣
뵽ɫһƺʲôشľ
ſ
Գ
죿
죿
ڳĴ󲿷˺ɻ󣬶ҲǺɻ
ʱ
Ȼ˲֪ؼʱȴ֪һȵĿԣͬʱСиˣʡȥ˶Ŀޡ
Ȼɻ󣬿ǿһ֪ԲǿЦġ
뵽붼û룬չ
Կſˣӻͳһŵҩֱӵ
һŵҩʱ򣬶ʱоһѸٵת
һ̣оȫոպȫˣһҪͻƵӡ
뵽ͷʲôҩȻôһžҪͻƣ
˲֪ͨؾͻƵͨؾ˶ûжٵҩǾ󣬵ȴǺ
Ϊͨؾǰеĵҩˣǿﵽͨصġ
Ըһŵҩȴһ˲ܸоҪͻˣֵҩûм
ܿԺ͸һо˼Ķ
ת𵤣
ȻǾת𵤣
ţֻоֻһһϡ
龳һأ
찡ͻˣ
̫ˣת𵤹Ȼ
ڳ˶Ľѣ˷
ǴЦţãܺá
Ҳܼû뵽ô켸龳
ţֻоҪͻƵӡ
ô£
ûüȥЩ⣬һ
龳أ
ͻƣ
龳أ
û뵽תͻ硣
ڳ˳ĽĽ
ͻƵ龳أû뵽ģԵͻƵ龳һѾ㲻ˣҪþתͻƵ龳ֻʷǳС
û뵽ȻͻƵ龳أȻﲻ˵ʲôȴǸ˵Ĳ֪˵ʲôá
Ҫ֪龳һΪʵȴһεġ
ܿ죬ϵĹѾʧˣҲоԼǿܶ౶ˣǰ˺ܶࡣ
龳ṩ޸̫ͼҲǰ˺ܶࡣ
龳ؾʵ󣬶ԸԶħҲôˣڶʱڲκ⣬Զħӳûܡ
ԿʯͷҲǷ
һǻԶħ֣Ϊ˲˸ɽ˳ʮ⡣
ԳΧ˴
ڳĲٳϺ;ӢӶȥһսĻԱûУܵпܱ
뵽Ѿ˲˿ʼˡ
˴ͷˣԥҲʼˡ
ܿ죬һӲոڳļȫߵĸɸɾֻʣԡӣԼˡ
ɽһȺ˵УǵĿ˿
ʦ֣˵᲻ʲô鰡
ĵʵ
С㣬ͷİɣʦܵΪѾ龳ˣȻɱǸԶħ񣬵Աеġ
İο˵ʵҲô˵˵Ȼ龳غǿԶħǰЩġ
ȻЩǾԲܹ˵ġ
ǣһЩģ֮ǰǾͱô
ʮֲĵʵ
С㣬ôˣոֻǴˣȻܱײɳȥġ
ֽ͵
ڴҶߣʮ·̶˵ûʲôûþȫ˳ʮˡ
Կ˵Ķ뿪ɫصóһȻ֪ʲôõģԿ϶ӦþԵɱС
ӺҿƵʱȴ˷ܲѣΪֻ֪ҪƽϹ󷨵ɱ󼤷ɱԶħǺܼ򵥵顣
ҪɱҲҪһҡ
ʱ
໡
ԶħƺоʲôΣգŭȫɫĵ
ϵĵⲻյҲ˳ƣЩԶħϿƺʲô
Կüͷһ壬ܶʱоֲõĸо
ȻǺƵٶȺܿ죬ûþˡ
¡¡
ͻȻһڴֵ糯˹
Լ˿ɫͬʱҲһһɫĹǵɫĹ䵽յʱ򣬱㱬γһ޴ɫĹ֡
ɫĹ֣˸ֱ
¡
׵ԲõϵʱǿĵӿոջɫӣһӾͳɫˡ
Ŵš
ѿɽϵʯͷ鲻ٷ׷µ
Ȼֵסǵ׵磬ƺҲЩܲסǿѹѾ˿ֲѺۡ
ʱһ׵糯˺


355 
һֿ
˵ţǸɫȥ
ӻҼԵĻ˵ֱһ֣һһͷϵǸɫϡ
һʱǸɫӶʱâ󷢣ɵĵֵסǵ׵硣
΢΢˿ǿɲΪû׵硣
Ȼ벻ǣּӳֵķֱǿʱ׵Ҳǿ˺ܶࡣ
һε׵ӸոյڴСʱˮͰô֡
¡¡
ֻǵˮͰһ׵͵ĺڷ棬ӶҵĲɫ׵ֱӽͷӸûˡ
ɽҲҵĲ·ʱһ
ֻܿ磬ɽ磬ɽϵһЩľֱӳ˻ҽеʯͷ׵ķ顣
кԸոЩԼӢӳˣȻֲ׵£ûܴġ
Щ׵ɢȻûʲô飬ͷϵķȴѾ֧ˣѺÿһôĿľ
⻹ʲôԶħͷЩƲûɢȥֿʼ׵ˡ
˿ﲻɴ󾪡
Ǻʱͷϵķֻûʲôˣһ׵ûзֵĻȫҪ
ǣѵŹԶħ
Ҫ֪Զħǿץ˺þòץģΨһץסǺҲһˣΪһԶħ񲻻ܵɽˡ
һʱҲ޷
ʱ׵ƺҲ˷·ʱһ
׵ѹЩ
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˿ǵˮͰ׵糯Լ˺ǸоΣգ۾ֿ־֮ɫ
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˸ոճִһâˮͰ׵ɢԶħͷĺƸɢˡ
ˡ
ˡ
ˡ

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ɻĿһУȻЩɻ󵫻û˵ʲô
һ͸о˿̵ĺɢĹâЩһﲻһ˵
ܿ͸оﲻһˣҫµֻоҪͻƵס
ô£
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ֻоԼڵѾװµʱ򣬽ֻоǰһһ
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Ⲣûнܿ쵤ڵʱ
ֻϽһ
龳أ
Լ˿ﶼ֪˵ʲôˣ龳ؾͲ˵ˣû뵽ܽ뵽ء
Ǳôףܶĳƺͨأһֱ޷ͻء
ǺãһͻƺüأǴûе顣
Լ˾ʱֻһ
龳أ
Լ۾ϴһҲûм顣
һͲʮߣȻһͻôأ򶼴ûгֹġ
˼Ҳ龳صӡ
ʱ̲֪ٱΪôˣղѡ
Լ̾겻ѵʱ˵ˡ
λǽԶħƺãɱ
Ǿ鷳ǰˡ
Լ˹˵
˰˰˵峤Ϊ߾ҪΪħģҲһߣҲΪ߳һɣؽ黳
ǣԼǣλھסħͷ˳ֻɱħͷ
˵Ѿʼ߶תˡ
Ҳǿʼס
ոǵ׵Լ˶עˣѾĺܴˣʱĻǾԶħ񲻹Ҳɢ
ܿ죬תˡ
˵Ŀ¿ʼԶħԶħʹȫ󷨵ıԵ
¡
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ԶħôԵô˶Ϊǿ֮ˣȥȻûôס
໡
󷨰Զħһס
ʱҲڳˡ
ֻڴʣͻȻֻΧʱͿ
Щб۳һ޴ƣ޴Ƹոճ־͵ĳԶħץȥ·ҪĻץһ
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˵ʩչľ޴ԶħţϵʱţǱĶһҲķɳȥ
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Լ˫ĿԲʵĿһ޴ơ
һƲԶħĸķˣҲٵˣɽĵ˰ߡ
жǿˣȫһεˡ
ʱɽԲ߰ϵѿɽҲɽˣͶϿأеĺɽеɽ˺
һľ޿ӣһƬ棬˵ˣݶһá
ǱķɵԶħƺҲˣſʼܡ
ԶħٶȺܿ죬ֻ֮ǰ˲֪жٱ
˵ٶȸӿ죬һ˲佫׷ԶħˣҴһֱֹӽˡ
Զħŭš
¡һȭҴڵϣ˲ͱҳһ޴ӡ
زϵĲٵɽ嶼ҡ
üʮǶܹоڲ
ЩΪ˲ԼǿֲսˣǶܵʮˣսĶǻܸо
вٵﰵԲ²⣺⵽Ҫﵽʲôǿս
龳
龳ϣߡ
Щ뵽ԼոջһμΧԶħ񣬿ԼûǺõˡ
емԣҪǸϽ뿪֪ôİɡ
֪ôˡ
ǳ˵
С㣬ͷİɣʦһûµġ
İο˵һ·Ϊ˰ο֪Լ仰ظ˼ˡ
𣿡
Űɵʵ
С㣬Ҫʦܣһûµ˵˲峤һ峤ô飿
Ŀŵ˵
ҲԣҸ׸һ粻µġ
ǸԼҵһĵˡ


356 սħ

˵ͺһֻϳһ
ոճֵʱΧĿʱı䡣
Լ˿ﲻɾ̾
˭ûƾձóǾԻֱһ㶼һԵġ

ϡ
˵ʵһǿԶħҲǲĽڽڰˡ

顭
Զħ˵Ӱϵǰ
غֻԶħ϶˼Ŀľ˿ڡ
Χɽ屻սನĴݻٳƽأһȥ˲䱻Ρ
Զħһȭĳɽϣֻɽ˲䱬ը
˿һᣬҲһЩŶԶħ򲻹ֻ֪һζ㣬żһ¡
ҪĻǣƺԶòһ϶ûͣ
ֻǽԶħΪΧס˲ˣȻȥ취
뵽Լ˵峤Ϊ˿ܽԶħɱˣǲһȥɡ
Լɵ˵ͷ
С˵еھȥˡ
˻һۺѸٵɢԶħΧ˹ȥ
ǰЭ㽫Զħɱ
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á
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Զħˣ
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˳ԶħɱȥͬʱѾԶħսһˡ
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˲֪ʲôֻûһɫĽ˸о·ʲôпƵġ
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Լ˱˵еİɫĽסˡ
ʱеİɫѾԶħն˹ȥˡ
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ԶħƺҲоΣգʼĴؿڣ֪Ҫʲô
ɻԶħҪʲô
ףԶŵϢֱǿˡ
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ԶħĽ´ѿǿĳһģȻЩǱȴûиʵϵ˺
˿һĻüͷ
ԼȻӡһЩΪڲŴû뵽Զħһ֡
ʲô飿ǲ˵ЩԶħһֱûзȫʵ
뵽ʱоĸо
ԭͺǿԶħǿ˺ܶô
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Կ˵Զħּ˵
š
˵ͷųһųԶħȥ
һǹ
Դһ
ɫǹ֪ʲôʱѾѪɫˣ·ǸոմѪóһ
һǹȻû˸ոһôǿһˡ
ԵĳǹҪ̵ԶħϵʱֻһץסǹȻ͵һ˦
ֻ˴ǹԶԶ˦ɳȥݺݵڵϣҳһӡ
˿󾪡
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ܿ죬˶عۿԶħ
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ӵͺһȫעеĳУֻеĳʱɢһߵϢ
Ϣ˲佫ԶħסһԶħ˫Ŀն
ʱһӣֳֳԶħߣ͵һԶħ۾
ۿĳҪԶħ۾ҲʱԶħͻȻȻ͵һģһǷ˲ͽĵõɳȥ
ڣ׼ȻҲҪˡ
󣡳һ
ֳһȼŻиߵĳΧȻЩܲˡ
ҵٶȺܿ죬˲ԶħߣȻ͵һԶħϥϡ
ꡪ
ҵĻ泤Զħϥϣȥ

ԶħֱӱߣһŽ߷ɳȥ
ǱԶħ߷ɳȥ͵ˣһ·֪ײپʯ
ɫЩѿԶħʵ֮⡣
Ҳѡˣܡ
Ǿġ
뵽ɫصĳɽֱָԶħ


357 
һ
ֳɽоâ¶תΧñ
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һеɽԶħȥ
Զħۿվһƺڵȴĵ
ɽҪӽԶħʱֻԶħȻһȭɽ档

Զħȭǳֲһȭͽɽƫȥ
ԶħɽƫʱͬʱҲһֻȭͷ˹ȥ
һȭ̺˵һɽҪƽҲ֪һȭеĻԲѪô򵥵ġ
뵽붼ûֱóһɫԲֵ̣ǰ
ɫԲڵõĺȻûɽôǿҲĺôǾؿɹ
飡
ĽɫԲ̸ոճ֣Զħľȭͺ档
ȻɫԲ̰ֵס˴󲿷ֵ͸ɫԲǿǽˡ
顪
ѵ
ڵϣĻǽɫԲҲԡ
ɫԲһ޴ȭӡ
һ
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ԶħȴǱɳȥڵϳ鴤ţǻˡ
ǰʵȻǿᡣ
Գ˹˵
˵ĵ˵ͷû˵
ӺҲ˹˵ǰһˣôǿԶħɱ
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û뵽ô
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˳˵ͷ˵
ԶħҲɱˣǵҲˡ
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Զħһֱ򣬶˺üˣΪٸҲЩԲ
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뵽ĺúϢһ¡
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ɻתȥԶħĵط˹ȥ
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ʱԶħԭȫѪ˺ɫˣʵҲһ硣
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ôһ˵ʱоԶħҲôǿ
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ʱǱߵԶħϵĺѾɢȥҲĸ΢Զħ
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˻ڸԶħıսţ˫ʵ£һʱҲ˭Ҳȡʤ
ߣȥǰ
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˵˵ͷԶħӹ
ʱԶħ񿴵˾ȻûҶˣʱ
˶Ķ֡
ǲҪԸͿԣɽҡ
Ҫȥʱ˳˵
š
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Լ˵ĻҲֹסŲ˵ĻǲҲȻǽ˺üˡ
˽ӹȥɽĵ˵ͷȻǿɽǰǿˡ
ֳɽˣʱƴǡ
ɽ˵ҪҪǿܶࡣ
ֳֻɽԶħȥ
ԶħƺҲЩɽԸƾŵĺ޲ܡ


358 
ߣ
ֳɽԶħһ˹ȥ
ֻѩ׵ɽһǿĽһ糯ԶħϮȥ
ꡪ
һ̫ˣԶħҲ㣬ȻĽɨȣʱѪⷭ
໡
ԶħʱƺҲ֪˵ҲҺ˶ֻͷҲصľܡ
ܵ׷ȥһԶħֶһĽۡ
Զħǰܣֳɽں׷һһ޾ô׷š
˺Զħ񶼲ˣ˲Żع
˺ǿرɽʱ򡣡
һľ˵
û뵽ǰôǿĸ
Ҳµ˵
û뵽ôǿġ
Ҳһ˼˵
ҪĸոԶħԼֶǶ֣˵ȴֻܵķݡ
жǿ
˺ܾǰʶ
Գʵ
ǵģһûгΪߵʱʶˣҲģɽҲģҪҵΪҲûôడ
˵ͷ˵
ԭ˵ĵӣѹСС;˳ɫѵðԼ˸̾
ЩĹ̵ͣңнҰ
Щ˼˵
ô˵ҲΪʴӱȻҲָ㡣
Ц
峤ǻȥɱԶħûаɡ
˸˵
õġ
˶һۣϷӹȥ
Ȼûп˺Զħ񣬵Щ˵Ǽ򵥵ټ򵥲ˡ

һߣ˵Զħںƴ˦˦ˣԴһ
ʱԶħֱֻѾ˿ˣȫĽۡ
໡
ԶħʹĽš
ȴ˿û飬һбһҪݡ
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ر
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˿ķˡ
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Ҫ֪һֱԶħսˡ
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źƺˣոճ˲ա
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Щ˵
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սۼĨȥǱ޸һЩ޿Ҳƽء
˶߶һ޸򣬺ܿͱ֮ǰˡ
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оЩ˼ǡ
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