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ۣ
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ˣҪսսǿţҪȣͲ߹Ѫ
޼ж¹򣡲ͷҪǿգԪԸף


1 ޼
ʵ̫ˣȻҹ밵ӪҪС㡣ҺñҶүʱֹȻֳ֪ʲô
ֻΪ峤Щ޼ҵ᧿ΣŲһôһ˴޷ˣֻ峤֮λԱסˡ
Ҫ˵İŸ˷ѹүȥһ׽˹ȥ
м䳰ڴһ껺˫ۣòЩۣڷīԺ󡣿ȥע⣬Ψһżϼ䣬ȴǽ˲ԽسС
޼޳

ⷽԲǧؽ磬ССʮ壬ԡޡᡢǿ޼峤Х족Ϊ벽λǿߣʵ֮ǿǺһʱ
Ϊ˵꣬ռԴмϳˡսˡ֮λȻǿХϡ
Х¹ʣΪԼǿͶԱļָʹҲķڷʮǰһʣХˣս˵ĿΪǵһЩĹ
ΪΣյǣ峤᳤ڲúΪͻƣͬﵽ˰벽λǿ֮Хγɷ֮ͥ֡ңҵڶ˲űȻѾѹ޼һͷΪս˵һ壡
޼ȴ˲ŵ㣬ȫХ壬ܱȫڵλòʧˣһδﰵĽУ޼ҲǶʧԴʵҲʢ
ȻƷ᳤Ϊ޼вһֻȻʧȥצϻֵͶ
᳤ҰļȻڴˣһֱѰһὫ޼£սˣ

꣡һϼңԭͶ˷ңȻôһСү
޳Ŀиһ˿ɫȭͷգǽڷ˵֮ɫ
ƽսмδʮ˶סѵӪУͳһѵԱ֮ͬ飬պսҲܸõϡ
ѵӪΪǱӪ롰ӪǰΪӣȻŮˡΪ˷ֹȣֳʰԭϰӪϽ̤㡣
ҹ¼ŮǳսһС壬ƽ޳ֺãټϼ峤һ׽Լң˴˽黹㲻ԣҹڰӪҪʱ޳ȻЩǷףǲδ롣
ϣ˫֮û˵ϼ䣬𡰷ţҶүƺ˳߳޳ɥĲҪȥ󡭡
һУϵ޷졣
޳ĻԼ֮УǱҧʱүүҲҪܵǣ޼ҵᱻݺݵؿһ飡
ŭ֮£޳ΪĲ࣬Ҫƴһսȫ޼ڴʱȴǿһЦһɫ£ֱӽû˹ȥ
״˻ȻҪݺ޳ȴҽɱصĺе
ǣһƬæɢ޳δ죬ϢѰ޼̧޳

ˣʱǵֱԴΪҾȻһҲûУ
ճ׵мʹҲѺҲҲҪԴ²ǿµߡ
ǣ޳֣ԼǵûаһѪǷԲƱֲˣ
첻㣬ȫˣ
޳͵һ¶ŵĿϲ֮ɫ
µƬ½ΪԪ硱˭ҲԪľͷںηսȴҲеĲ׺һڰˡ
ԪУΪǿʵӵгߵĵλȨơƸֿɵá
Ҫʵѵ;ȻĪ֮ӦѪתѪ׳ǡ
ͬˣ޳ʮ֮һʱ˳˵һõʱүӲ㻶ϲˣΪԼҳһš
ϧþ
ţ޳Ŭ޷һף˦ѷ׷׵ҡХļ֮£ŷ֣޳ȻѪ㣬ǱԴԶԶ糣ˡ
ǵͷһصХִ֣ԸԼпֻһͨ˵ʵζŵ֮޳пܾ裬޷㡣
ǣڽУХ췢˷һһܹ޵ҩ

Ȼ첻㣬Ǿͺ첹ȫ
޼ӴĲ֮£޳ȷʵĹۣ㹻ҩ̲ʵ˳ס
ǣ֮ʹХԸΪ︶һУҲ޷ˡΪ޳ҪΪҩǼƷ
ƷҩֵҲ֮꣬һƷҩļֵƷҩһٱ
ƷҩֵƷҩİٱƷҩ
޷׵ļֵһЩʵս˻ҪǿɣŶȨ⶯áȻХԸ㾡޼ҵһУҲ޷°꼫Ʒҩ
ۣ޳ԸүүΪԼģ֪ЩΪԼүү飬ô󲿷ԴԼϣǵڲ
Ȼð˳ֻүүţ˵ҵ˵ˡ
ȥĻ޼ҲҪƣԼȵˡ
ǣӴ֮ǸŬ޳ˣȴһɫֵ֮ġ޼竡
ΪХ찲ģ޳ֹһιʾʱ֣ɱɵҪࡱֻ֪ö޼֮ʧ͸֮
ХȰ˵Ч֮£ҲǷϣ
үүʧĳЦ֪֮ÿһοĿֱȴ޳ŭģ
ң޳ƽӹһ
ģģ
òƷı޳һδս޵ذѪһδλʹȥŬǣеŬЧֻһδо


ϸظӦһ飬޳ȷŲǻþԼ첻㾹Ȼһ׵֮±ˡ
ѹֲסĳЦйж䣡
û֪һδʧһδŬǺεȵľ롭ͣһеŬõӦеĻر
ðΣ޳ƽ顣Լиоǵ׵ԼĺôֹڴˣİԼʱ޷
׵İأй
޳֪ǲȫ첻һôǵ׵Ч൱ڼƷҩˣй֮ǴȥǻһЩǿɵע⣬޼ҶԾһѡ
˾޳עתǰ֣ϼ⼸һֱؾأû뵽ѾǷҵˡǷҰµӣ
ķѾôԶľ֣Ҿľʹ֡һ֪£Ǳضٶȷѣҿѡ뿪ѵӪصı֮УʹҪҵҲҪ˼ɡ
ôһΪ˱ңֻүүܵҵһЩѣпҪʧ֮λ޼ҵĵλ½
Уѡһ·
޳ŵ˼üͷ𡣺أһԺ޳صشȭֳһ˿˷ܣߣңҪ޼ϳԺôҪȿûôõθڣ


2 Ըһģ
үˣ
һϲĺ޳ʱŮСǰ۵д˾ϲ
Ůһˮɫȹ鶯̺֮ʮɽͬɰ𪡣һƤķ˿ͷǵҷΪ˼ֳԿüպ֮ݡ
϶ǰĸ䶷ȥүӳĽ޳˵Ƿ̣ʵʲôػ
ԣ޳һֱð㰮
ǧꡭ϶ã˵λүµġ
϶ڵһԼʮߵŮ϶࣬͹µĺǻ𱬣¾ǿɵ߷Ҳ޷ڸһ
һԺÿ۾żƲм޳촽Ϻõ۶ʹƲҲ˼֮⡣
㣬˵үʲô϶תСд棺˵Ժˡ
úúãүõүܳ˰ɣεҡͷպ޵صһ޳Ҳ֪һﵽ׸ʲô϶ôά
Դһǰ϶棬ͶԵ֪Է֮ͷҪ޼ҷˡϾλ޼竵Ķ⣬֪ʲôʱ̲ס۵С֣
һ뵽϶޳ħͳ˽ȸУҪ϶ˮ֮СţƾԼҼ̳˵ݣ޼ұضܾ
ȴûϵ¶ͷ֮϶СԴҡø˹Ƶģͬ⡣Լ˵Ǹ޼竼䣬Ϊա
εҡҡͷߵ޳ǰûغȵ֣
޳ԼµԷ̬ȵ뵽⼸ΪүүģԼαװɣֻǰЦ
ȶѪҲ˿
ָ޳ϣϸӦһ΢ȣı
ԵҩңƾƵġСԪ˺Ƹҽͬ͡
Ϊ峤Ůޥģ츳ȺҽҲ֮ơ϶ధƲǰΪ޳ҽΡ
Ǳһ£ܵõԴҵԸ챻ˡһڣ޳Լ⣬װ竻װ
ɫͲƣ¸ܲƺ޲һڽ޳ҧ
϶æʵ㣬үҪҪ
Щ֣ٿ
ٶȴ޳ϢȻ룬ֱ޳
һƽ֮ɫ֣Ʋס¶Цݣ࣬㻹ʹýгʹ϶ҲܹңСΪ㡰Ρء
ţ
޳üͷһ壬ΪˣСıҪ˵ʹǰʱܵʹ˵ֶʵ̫Сˡ
ȵΪ
Ϊ룿λСԭʹﵽ׵ľˣʮΪ츳ǲСء
ɷ־ŽףǰĽ׶ǰѪ֮޳첻֮ˣ󲿷˶ܹ˳ɡ
׵Ҫľ츳ˣ뽫Ѫһţһӣ
Ψˣ̤ţʸ񱻳ƺΪߡ
һ㣬סǽһøģܹγɱ򹥻أǿ
ʹﵽһΣܹһϸ̽޳ڣȴֲ˵Ȼ뻯жǶˡ
߽סɽγ壬𲻷٣ˮ
˽סơƣսˣ
ŽסԪԪתΪԪһԪ֮ȫĨɱ˽ǿߣ
Žףÿһ׽ʵľ޴仯ŽԪǿս֡
Ԫ磬Ž֮ϣĪġλ磬ͲĿǰ޳ܿˡʹսǿߣҲǰ벽λˣλǿ߾Զ
޼λүƤ񣬿ûдˡ
ԼֶΣ޳΢΢üеǶһ־档ϸתһֵ֮
ޡ϶Ӧһ΢΢죬ץס½ǣͰ͵㡣
ƽʱ㻽һ㣬ֻϽС㡯ΪǼүˡ
ֺֺЦָͷ϶ͷܸˡ
һֻСɵƿзɳ޳У֮һƿװһСԪֻҪʣһܾȻȰûʲô˵Ļû´α
˫ü𣺡Ͼү⣬˭֪´ֻ˭ҵĹʱɲôõˡ
СԪ
޳ƿеҩСԪɫʳλƣ֬͸һŵļֵ൱һƷҩû뵽϶ôλҹﵹˡ
үȻˣǾͿ޼ҰɡҸղһ·˳²ҪϢҪȥˡ϶ŵص
϶ĺˣһЩСˣƾǱQ˵˱ү޳ЦϰԵֽ϶ͷһ㡣
С󣿡
Цү»֪˭ҪԸɣ䲻ĻҵǿԸѣײµǷ֮ˣòƾ޼ҵܰѹɣ
ҹҲʵвɻλүʹ竣ҲԴȵڰӪͼ졣ңϼλС޼ҼΪУʹ޳ЩʲôҲһˣôͻȻҵغ
ʹɵΣ
зָ֤Ʋ޳ܹ죡
Σ޳Ǹֳһ˿ŹֵЦݣضࣺͶηκβң
Ҳ·ͷȻţ͵ʲôҶģǡ
϶Ϊˣע޳һ۾ͿĴ㡣
Ļ˻ȥĿ𣺡ʲô
һŵ޳ıͻȻˣպֻҪǲΥ޼֮£ҿ԰һΣ
ʶҪŪڼ޳ıʱʹص˵ͷҪأ
СԪ
޳һЦЦôһζʮƿСԪΣ
ʮƿôȥ
ҵҵʵ̫ˡ޳ʼ磬һ޹ؽҪЦĻɲġ
ޣ˭㣬ľͶģҵҪ֮˵ƾʲôܹһ١
δ꣬ü
ͬʱԶԶһƿ֮ͬʱ˶еһ޳޳֮£Ҫװӹͷøλϵ棬㻹ôװ
õ찡
޳˿չһЦ㲻Ҫƾʲôһôƾǻݣ


3 ޳֮ͽ
ݣ
ˣÿ޳Ķ֮һ¶˼ȺȻ֮ɫ
У޳ȭȻݺݵغԼ߹ϣ

Ĺ޳ƺһͷ˴ź顣
ˣ
ͺýܹ޳һȭʵʵڵԼϣͬһ֮ζʲô
ү϶ʹֱ䡣
޳ǿסʹܳһЦ漴̤߳˷䣬̧Ӱ
һ˰ƮͬͣӲ֮⣬κμ壬ֻΪսһԱڡ¹ΪôϣĻмϣԼһŮ
ÿǶŮ֮޳һ޵ɱתݺķҶүƺӣԼϼСꡣ
ݼⳤϡ޳
šӦһⳤϱһֱӵ޳ָ֤ҹδ죬Ҫ⣿
δ죿޳һľ㵣͵ؿһ꣺ҷǴӺ˵𣿡
٣µͷƱ硣
ƺվ˳һ°׳ۣԵ÷ţֻüһ˿ȫƻǷݸо꣬վҹĳһһʮظߴң
꽿һҹģ޳үӪԼң˵Ҫ¸֪ҲƧ֮ȴ룬롭
˵˴΢촽˵
ȴû뵽޳ɥĲڰӪоȻҪСз֮£ƺߵǡøϵСۣоϳͣսľҪӴ˱ɢⳤϣǧܷŹ
ˣ£оϡ
ⳤ¶Щ֮ɫ޳ʵǶ˵û飿
޳һĴͺ;㵣ɵһ㣬ⳤٶȴʣźƻعϸֳǿҵķ֮ɫⳤϣָⷬϿ֤ݣ
ţⳤϿƻһ
֤ݣҺСָ֤ѵ𣿡ƺЩңԭƻҹӦƷ޳һЩֳ֤ݣȻٽ޳á
֤֤ȫ֮£ȫԶ޳ȴû뵽һͻ׳״ǵԤı֮Ǹûй˵֤
ƺӣ޳һϺȣ֮ǰҹڷͼս˳ӣ
һȣȫסˣ޳еġڷԶרӣÿ궼ҪսռòٱˡڲأǺѰõǵϳ
㣬˵ſڴƻƣǷЩΪսึ˶٣ĿãƺӼˣָŭҪò֤Ƕҷҵ
Ŷ֤ݣ޳ϾЦţҵָ֤ѵ𣿡
Ȼ
ƺʶؾҪشȴ͵ؾ˹֮вֳһƬաû뵽Լô׾͵޳壬֪壬ƫƫԼ֪ôѣ
ģ޼ҵСһɫϬĴǷ棿
ⳤϣû֤ݣƾſڴƻƣǾܲʶôպս֮ǿˣʱΣ̸̸֦ͬͬ˻
̾˿޳һϧᣬ϶˴˵ΪǶҡս˸ϳֻͣսĴӴ˱ɢ
ػ
޳ʹؽղŷƺӵĻԭԭػ˻ȥ
ԣ©
వ޳ʳ֤ݡʱǸ޳һ©ԭΪ޳ҲͰˣȴû뵽㣬ǵת棬˷ƺӺݺһ
ԣǽˣǰαظԼһػ
㣬޳ܣ
ؼʱ̣кᣬû뵽޳ܣȻһң˵Ļ⣬ΪΰҹҰӪӪһֹ̤㣬ҹǱѵͼı죿Ƿүúʱ£ҡ
һ
ƺһ壬æȵ޳û뵽㾹Ȼ޳֮Լ˳ϵûУѹֻ
ϣҹ޳Ŀã񼫣ᴥŭ죿
ʱһóվ˳ҡͷɵȿͽɫɻأþͬˡ
޳Ŀ΢ϳǵҼܣҲǷƺӵĸף˵⻰Ȼˡ
ϣĿ׻ԣһܹɻأƺҲ
ķ²ˡôǵ׻
ǰλ޼үӲʱ򻹲׷ףƫ˷һ
ⳤĿ΢ת޳


4 
޳ϸֳһ˿֮ɫµ񣬼Ȼǲ³°¶Ҳ˲֮ͬˡ
⻰÷ƺһʶЩ
ҹԭںɽȻ÷ƺμ֮һ·棬ȴû뵽ֱ˰ӪԥǷҪ棬ڴʱˡ֮£ҸˣȴǺܿӭһ𣬾ӪƧ֮׼ǹ֮¡
㣬˵ƺŭȡ
޳ᣬҲ²Ū쾪ˡȻ˷绯ǼȻԸȻԸ¡٣ȴû뵽ģкⰡ
ƺӾȻҲһƽҴ˹ȥǳ˴ˮٲ˵ֻ࣬ԺҪȥˣ
ſڴƻƣߵڰף᳤ȵʲôƺӴΣƺӣվ˵֣
ûУƺ۾һæҾûж֣֮ԻԣȫΪ׻Եʡ
׻㻹˵׻
޳һŭХ͵˺ǰ½¶ߵƣһԵȭ߸߹𣺡׻ΪϺ׻Ľۣ
һ֮ǰֻڲ࣬³°¶ҳ֣ȭˣ
ǲͬ壬Ȼҳ֣ν飻Ϊڸ࣬޳ܱңν壻ʵƱ磬ν޳ܣ޳֮ɣն
⡱ƺӱ޳һĻţ˺üֻãҵغȵҳ֣ûУûС
ôҲŪ׵޳׵УΪ˿۶ûУңǵȭӡԡ
ʼԼǷȷʵ޳֣ǵ׵Ƿֻһþ
ٿı֣ͬһľ㵣Ҳǵóݣȫϡһ״ӡ֤޳ԡ
ԭˣԭүǱԩģ
Ҿ֪үȻЩϾôǵԭԼ³£ȴ뷴ү
򼱱䣡
ЩĿɿڴֱ˿̣޳ġݡ
Լݵ֣ܶԵ˸ݣ
ҪǣϵᷢʲôӶѶĽȫ֡ļһֻһ򵥵ô
СݲǱߣ᳤ϼƲ͵ֳ̽޳ץҿȫһɺԣȽթ֮ͽΨѶܵõ滰
һƻӳǿ͵Ƶ˺ά衣
᳤ϣ԰ꡣ
ⳤϳϺȣ͵һţԼƻζһɱըԵ˱ֱӽ᳤÷˳ȥ

޳۾з죬һʱ̣˫ֳȫɱԼѵ֪ԼӵʲôֶΣȲʵʵڵ
λǿڴˣ۶ôıֱһȭɱ£ֺαضѴࣿ
ⳤϣǺ⣿᳤ϱһˣϧ
ѶǱᣡ
ⳤϱ鲻ã˷ƺӣƺӣ꣬Ƕ˶޳ָҪģ
ⳤϣûж֣ûУƺȫͿˣȫ
㻹ҪƱ磿һ֮ǰֻڣºĴɢҥԡµĶ֣ѵԼԼɣ޳һķŭ
࿴ĺһ޳ܵļһ˵Ϲıôǿߺߣ
޳ϵȭ۲ˣӦ÷ã˵ӦþʵԶⳤ˶ۣػ֣ˣƺ˿ס
ⳤϣʵδҪƺӵǲ̫Щ㲻Ĳʣ̫ƫ̻޼𣿡᳤һΣ˷ƺǰŭ
ƫ̻
ⳤϱӲϷֻ֤ݣ㿴޳ϵƣҹ·ֻ֮зƺӶߡǳ˭֣飬ΪҪѳ޳Ǳ׵У᳤ϣ׻֮ܺö˶˵ˣΪ޳λǿ߲ɣ
һõ÷᳤ɫ콻ӣ˵
ͬˣıߵնıҲϳһΪսˡ
޳ϧҡͷĵصΪǷƴжܵͽ䣬ôƽڣս֮ڻ˭Ź֣պս˸£Ҿˣ
һƺѾʧȥֻס޳ǹ˼ⳤϣ޲ܽ޳˺顣
ôҲ㲻ףһƺõıȫԽ޳֣ƵХͷıôͱ׵Ťתأ
ǵˣǸ޼竸ǬתҪԼ


5 
㵽Ҫſϰ᳤֣ѹͷͻͻֱòѡ޳ͷ
ѡ񲻹ܣǷƺӿӣ˵̷նɱˣֻǶһָҲܲ
˵᳤ʲķᣬԵʮÿ궼ܴƵ棬޼ƺҲ޳΢΢һЦƺڷҲܳһҲڴ޲绻ʵʵĺô
ܹǼΪȶĲƸһ֣ܱ֤һС岻˥ˡ
޼ҲֻĽ֮У½˷ҡȥһӵıԹ޼һҲ˳ȥ
ãҽ޼ȥ㣡᳤ҧ
᳤ѵˣҲʹô޳Цģѵ˵Ŀ
㡪᳤۾ŭɣǿŭ𣺡㲻̫̰Ͳ³Լ
ҵθһõúܣǲ÷᳤ϲˡ󣬻Ƕӵһѵô޳ӭŷ᳤Ҫ˵񣬷ֺá
޳֪ǡɷҶһ
ããã
᳤ϺЦ޳ǴҶƭˣǺһ޼竣
޺޵شͳ˼֤Ȩ뺣֮һ仰֮ϣΪܸƤһ򡭡޼ȫ³
޳һֳһ˿ɱ⡭
νսÿ궼еһʽʱһǰ֮ɱ쾦Ϊ
һҲһս˻ӹԴóֽɱ֮ˡͬעĶ޼ҵһδζĶʧȥģΪˣ޼Х첻֪˶ٰеĳ

Ȼ޳ѡ˲׷ⳤҲǲԸ£ǣһڵѶ˭Ҳû뵽ķʽʹĻ
һŹֹ֣Ƶغ㣡
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޳΢е˫絶̫񶼣Ҳı˳


7 ޴ͻ
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ΣԪܾй޳⣬֪ʹһ꼫ƷҩΪ޼֮˵汦ˡ
Ԫұô𣬴ھȻĸף



8 Ԫ
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ܣ㿴ˣ
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ȻָָͥԺǿһ˸µľʯȥǿʯܷʲô
ʯ泤̦Ե仹Ӳ̵ȥ޳ȥɲʱ

ʯʢĻ꣬ɲǼȫɢһƬһƬȫɢڵء
һ
޳һ˵ϵʯȻʮƬʮĻôʯĿȫԵϡ
һգ۵ʱ䣬Ȼʹʮ
޳սʱ¾ͬǿҲȫһɱ֮ǣΪҪ˵Լֻһ


9 츳
ǲǺΪ˵Լֻһ
·͸޳˼΢ЦţͬɻǾ˸׵Ľס
ԪΪ֮ǡ֮ҪڻڵԿբ֮Ƴ뽣Բɽʯ
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ȱݣ
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ո̤ͥԺȻ彩Ӳػתӳ˿ɢĻӰһɬ³Ԫת

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ߣϼһԪѾﵽ˾ת֮ʹΪ൱Ҳûбʤİա
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᳤ϲųײ˵ˣ֪˲£״˷᳤ļƻ
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ǣǴӢһ۾Ϳ֢ڡ᳤æӭ
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ɲһƷҩȻһ㲻öô󣬵սӵһרɲݵϿȣÿĳҩ꣡
սм嶼ܰոԵλзԼһݡɲܹƳҩԡƤĤڼͨߵ档
磬ǲǱˣ᳤ϼеչػɲݵļԵõ߷֮һҩһʲƵĲƸ
һֱǷҰѳźô᳤ôҲ׷᳤ΪҪø޼ҡ
ˣ
᳤һĨɭЦݸ֣ҷҵĺô׳µģµʱ޼Ҫø˲ʧսĵ³
ֻҪ޼زסɲݣʱȻʲôôǿյġһɲݱߣսض޼ʱзƲһ
᳤ϺٺٵЦ



10 ϶
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ͥԺ֮У޳ֶ˳ֳƽƽش̳ɲʱХǿҵĿ˺֮
زһ죬ӽֱִȫΪĩ׷ش޳е䡣
½˵öԣ¾ǴĳҲܳԪתˡ
ϴ½޳Ѿһ֮ƾ˭Ҳû뵽̶ʮ죬޳ȻʩչԪת
󣬽ʼŻ٣ˣҲ˳ʩչ˳ԽתĽһٽɷ飡
תҾȻﵽԪתˣ޳ǿѹ˷֮飬¶ޣǿԪתҪﵽתҲ֪Ǻˡ
޳һ࣬ȻݲȽٵýֲ
޳֪Լ֮˿٣ǵΪ츳أԪİ
Ԫİ׹ʧ˲٣Ѿȫɢˣٶȿ˾ˡ
޳Ԫģڵİ׹ֻСָָ״СˣԭȵĴɾ
Ȼﲻѣ޼ҵȴɲ޳Ͱʵֻпٱǿ
֪Լʵ±Ƚϻһξ룬Ҫ޼ǲס
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үã϶ϼҵץˣ
ȻһŮ첽϶˺ƣƽԵã޼˶ϲ
ʲô϶ϼҵץˣ
޳һϸֳŨҵı֮ɫ

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ս˳֮ΪıǾۺ㹻ռɽԴڱ˿šչðɽս˽ɲƵķá
һʷñս˹ͬ룬ոԼĵλͬÿ嶼ܷһʡһЩС嵥Ǵеõĺô൱һˣõδս˵ļΪա
ŶԼɽ̽룬ϡŹֵĶҲԽԽ࣬ЩԱ֮ȴǹ䱦
ԣΪ˷֮佻ս˵ٳһڽסԲĵؽѾչüΪ٣ڲڴ˻ͨޣרǿ̶չƤëʯҩһת־ܻķᡣ
дţĳ̶ڴ˹һöƬо̺ûбֵļ似ת־ǮΪ𺳡
⣬ս˷С

үң
ŵŮָһҵ̵ŭص϶ϼС㣬֪ôģϼСŵƷˤڵأӲ˵϶ײģ˽ץ
ꣿ
޳Ŀһ䣬̧˵ڡ
λС磬֪ǵЩʲôðձرĵҩӦоС޳ֺƹӭ˳
⼸꣬޳ְݺ竵Ľɫδֹ⣬ȻҲδСԣƹǲ֪ǰվŵʲôݡ
ƹ񣬸ղǵڷͻˣģ޳ʵļ٣ﻹ˵ƹĺѣ
ţƹһ޳ʻЦݶʱСֵܣ갲£ǴҲթ˭ʲôͻǴû
˵޼Ůվ˳ʵղž˽϶ץ㻹˵Լ֪飿
޳һ
٣ԭǸСѾͷļˡ
ƹϸֳһ˿Цʵ֪귢ͻ϶Ǻֻʶ֪꣬ϼҴС㣬ʶֺˡ
ȰòҪǷǣϼҴСǺεݣǾǲһֻϣǣܱ⣬ƾǸСѾͷ£ºٱһлҲá
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޳ҽ̧𣬺ݺݵسϣۻѪӿһŽ˳ȥصײһűϡ
ϡﻩ죬֪ٱһ̵һѵиͱβ
˵ģ޳̤ƹؿڣ
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ڵŷӦѪǿʢ׳ЦűƽСӣǳıӵˣȻǵ¡չأжֽŶΪ


11 ҿ˭

޳٣ûе˵꣬żһһǹ˳ȥһХֱӴ͸˵֮˵ؿڣ˵ϣ
У
һпֶμֱǾ׵ըʣµ˵׷ͣס˽šֻ̹ܵӶಫ
ڣٸһᣬ˵ģһÿһ䣬һжһֱۡ޳ƽ滺˿Ļŭ⡣Ψע⵽ʱܿһ˿Ǳɱ⣬Ҫһ㡣
ĸ֪֪ս˷У㾹ȻɱˣͲܵս׷ɱ
ƹǹؽҷˣҿͷϴһһ棬׷ΣĻ
ⲻҪĴ𰸡
޳ҡҡͷһֱۣ俪Ѫһ˱ǡ
ӣͷβķӰƹزҽС
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˵˵ȫ㣡ƹ񺿿޵СԺϼСƺүڡѾȫˣ
ƹڶֱ۱̲סʹ˹ȥ
ش̫ˡ
޳ҡҡͷĿͶ˺Ժ꣬ƺӣԩ·խ
޳̤Ӱڵ̴Ҳ˸дæȥԼƹ񡣿ƹʧȥ˫ۣ²ʡģס󷢺
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˵ү϶۾ŭصүҪһǧһ򱶣ֻˣŪֶݱˣʲôʸ˵Ҽү
סڣѾͷǾƲԳԷƣҿúýѵ㣬ǲᶮ֪͸ˡ
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š
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ޣ
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˫Ŀ˺ŭĻ棬ȷʵ϶˵ԭҪ޳ϧദʱˣŷ޳ȻԼͿȴûκ鷢һԼ
죡
ȵ
žž̴ӳ֣϶ϡ϶Сʱһ˿Ѫ߳
ߣ϶ǿذԴʼꡣ
Ŀ⳹׼ŭ꣬꼸ҳ飡飡澣
̴΢˫ץ϶ڵѪǵӿѹ϶Ŀռ䣬һʵ϶ֻҪιȥ
ҿ˭ң
ųĺһӰӺԺԺ˽䣬һббӰ
ĿȥĲο࣬ǵѪȴޱȴۣһһɺӽŵ
̴ʶס֣ɵؿ꣬Ȼʶ޳óȻ֡
޳
ƺ۾΢Уһ㣺ãԱߺúÿܷɣҲøԼѣԡ
ү
϶޳ǿıЩɶίۿдתǲڵǰʾӲǳŲޡ
϶ǿСģ޳ָһޱȱŰ˫һŨصѪ⣬һֺб˳Ȼˣݲκ


12 𺳳
ʲô޳ǴүɰΪﻹ޼Ҳɣɲκ
ƺӼشЦƾʲôô˵ѵƾͻƲĽ׵ķΪô
ӵؿ޳òϤԼȴδ˽ꡣ޳϶εάʱŨҵĶ⣺ϷԲҼҵҪôά澣
ǣС㡣
һӦϿ죬ЦźݺݵһƳ϶
أ
һӹûӦһֻ޳ǯƵս֮국Ʈղִֻ϶
СϷĻݺݵس˳ƣ޷鶯ֺԾڴСǰյغȵүֶֻˣ㻹дү񲻳ɣ
ȻˣǾжְֻɡ
·һ޳ĳӹһâٶȿý˸ϾӦ
ҵ֣Ϸؿֱ۴ϵ䣬ɲǣʹвϯȫһ˺ѷεĲҽС
£ǽѵղŲóԲѷ޳ҽŵһСתޱȵӿֱӽС˷顣
һ£ϷҲ˵һ仰ͷһ᳹ѣȥ

𾪵վŵص㾹ҷϼ֮ˣ㾹ȻܹϵϷ
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㣡
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Դ챻֮޳õҩַӳЧѪ֮ͬҪǿʢࡣ񣬽޳Ҳסˣ
޳ҷſԲ򣬽ҽ˺Ժ꾯
ģͷš
޳Ļ˿ǣ֮һҽĿһЩҪѪ
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С㣬֪ɻô޳Цʵº͵΢Цȴ̺ɭ˲
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뵽Լ׵Ϊĳҡҡͷϧصյϣԭú뿪Ծ·
ƺ֮Ц´˻ƫ̻ӣϼ֮ˣֵȥҲվסšǽö˶˵뿪Ǳô
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϶ҧ촽һͦظԩͷծҾˣү뿪
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޳˵ֽƵմȾѪۣһԣȻһǽҵˣɲܾôˡȻүˣͲˡ
ڵĽȦȦƣХþò
һΣյϢֱͷûɵģǰ޳ǳΣգϺһ֣
أ
汻ըһʯžһһѵĴ޳
һɫֱĵ֮£ֱǹһ̶ز
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ƣ
ϣڵĽл޳ûабһâȻӭȥ
Ѱ·ƺſ˷֮ɫ޳пһճ֣֮Ȼӭ̫ˡ
䣡
ͬһ쭣һȦǿ͵Ȼ˷һʯ壬ɢգĩա
ٿսģ޳һ֣Ȼ˵Ĺȫס
˫ֲ
ԪгȻصɴ۾¶˾֮飺㾹ȻԪѵ㾹Ȼӣ
Ϊϼ֮ˣȻ޼ҵԪ֪һŽǴﵽ֮ܿʼ
ʶһͬʱһͷð˳ѵǰ競װĲɣ
һˣߣǡ


13 գ
شˡ
޳ǳŪһЦн
䶨޳³زʮΣһɺȻƿշɳɢ˷ƺӵӡ߹֮ϡ
ž죬һ֪˶Է߹ǡ
һת˳Ƴϣžһд뱻÷˳ȥո߸߹
أҪɱ㣡ƨҲóһԼò˶˺óץȵ󣬽󣬸ɱ竣
ߵϼҺսӵӣǵΪһɫﵽڣϼҵҳӹɡ
Ϊ֮ɫһϺȵᣬ󣡡
ৣ
һѿÿһϼҵվһλϵӿȣͨгϿա
ŹֵǣһɢȫУͻӲƲȥ
ɱ
Ϊ׵һӶеһŤ֮γһ׵Ľâ޳
ᣡ
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ˡ
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ݣ
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ԣ
һƿ޳ȻֱԥسǰһͣݺݵͱΪ֮˵ؿڡ
ۣ
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ɱɱˣôķϻ޳ЦĨʣµܵƱƵķ֮޷һſԴ̷˰ա
ĿһĻ˹ȥ˫Ŀ죬һѪ˳޳ұɱ㣡ұؽң
ÿһսӵӵҪļ岻ٵĵ̣˵ǾӢܹʮǰΪǵǱǼǿ
ڣӢӣͱ޳һһȫɱ£ܽ겻ŭûֱѾѵõĿˡ
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޳ĵصų΢תƽװһǿҵѹȸСһƽˣһ˿ɱ⣺ôвǲܹڰʾΪԾ󻼣ӦΪǿ
϶պʱ޳Ѹڳж̡Լˣȴ˱衪
з˽ߣɱ
㣬㻹ʲôӣѵ֪ǵݣҪɱǣ޼Ҳס㣡ƺɫؾ
ôңԶ飬ӦòҪ㵣ˡ޳˿Ϊμᶨޱȡ
ǿѹ纣ӿһݻ˵־
ҪҪɱңҲˣ޳ҲˣƺӼŹġ
Ҳ˲вˣѾʼԼǰΪǰ޴ȻҪȥ޳ӣ
ս˷Ͻ˽ҷ˽ߣɱ⣡
Ȼ䣬һŨҰȻ֮£һֻ޴޳
䣬Բ޿ɱܣ
Σգ
޳ͷһȵΣֶ֮һɼҪϢѹѹѹ¾ǵ߽Ϊķ᳤϶δܴ
֮˵ս߽֮ϣ


14 
𣡡
Σͷ޳һԪתȫɱͷơ
ˣ͵һ䣬޳屻ݺݵһ֮ӿ޳ǿסٶŭ
һתתתתתת
˼£޳еصһžһѿ飬ǹɷ·ҪըȴǾйӭ溳Ϯơ

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ۡһ޳ҲѹƲסƣһѪ˳
磡ƺӾϲغ
ţȻܹסһƶ޼竵һǴ
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Ҫ붯޼ˣԼֵǷ㹻Ӳӱ䣬ƲԽս˼֣λսһһǰԽ¶˼ֽš
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±һϽ޼ӣȴ˷ң޼ʧȥһĪܸ߳ʱԷҿ˰̣ͷҪð
˿ЦҴ粻ڣһһ˵ıƾѵҲɣ
ᵽ硱֣һ䣬ǹɴǳɢ֮ݽ𣺡ڴˣҲڽµģڣȻ֪ķҵǿԴȡһЩϢ
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֡
ȻͨȴҲķӽԹǹ˹ֵãս˳֮Լκμ岻ˣ޼֮˲˹棬ϼҺĵ˶֣Ҫִѯʣȴ¶ӳ˵乫
һ˵õˮ©ͨôͨ飬Ҳ˼һţҲѡ
ȻˣôҡУ
ͨ͵һ죬۵üë涸ȻһתҿϼôΧһˣʲôġ
ԣЦջָ


15 Լս
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±ҲЩ㵣㲻ΪսķӾվ޼һߣɲعֵлִԡ
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⻰˵ƺϼҲƽɣ»ϼҿˣ
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˵һĲмԱСû飬ƫƫҪװһ纣ģˣߣʲôһ飿˴ΣһȻ竣ɰˣ벻α
лл佱޳ӣЦؽûĿޣ룬иֳһ˿⣺ţҲѡ
а취۾һ
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Ԫ̶֣Լʵ˽չôºһ϶ȡһҲȫ޿ܰ

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˼һȻ޳Խôһ˵ҲףСԴôģ


16 ҹ
޳΢Ц⼸װɵǶһݿ̽ĹթĻᡣˣˣܶȻҲˡ
ǰʹ޳֪ܶԼȴҲϾ绹ףƵٺھԵǰվҪ
ʱҲûôֻ࣬Ǽ϶ˣûסˡ޳ЦԹ
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޳һЦסµļ򣺡˭ˣʹλǿߣҲУ
۾һȣεСӣΪɿҾܷŹ㣬ʵҪһٻɱϼҺĵӣɲһ򵥵鰡
ЦЦؿ޳ղŸϵʱѾʵһĻҲ֪޳ȻһʩչԪ
µıʣ޳ֻӣżСĵصƺ޼ҵԪȽ츳΢һЩ
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ת
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ת޳ͷصһС΢ת˵㡭
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ֻǰֻѻɹѪڿ˶ŴﵽԪת֮Ȼи̬̥֣ȻһСľʹﵽתһֻһ£
һԹСӣһС𣿡


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󲮡޳Ҳĵسƺ
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СХһҶȻޣɴδԼˡ޳֮׸ֵΪԷĸ顣
뿪֮һҶ޳ӣ޳еĿο˿Х졣
޳۾ЩɬԴӷ֮ÿμλ󲮶ûиԼɫ֮֮У֪һҶǲĿԼ䣬޼Ĩڡ
󲮵־ԽԽˣҿҪ˶ã󲮾̤벽λˡ޳Ц֪һҶǰŽԪڵΪֻһֱ˼ɣûܹͻơ
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һҶ⸺޼Ҷ⣬ѵûһΣԽԵ÷֡
һһҶ˵ľһʳܿ죬Ҿѳ߰˷ֱ
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ү˵ǣһֱȥսᣬö޼ҵһݡһҶıԵЩŹ֣û뵽ηҵˬúܣǵûеѣǾȻҪػ֮λø޼ң
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17 ֮

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ңǺưХ޺޵һӣʵڲУһˣһţ˭ˣŪƣ
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18 ս
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Զ޷ǣ׷ɱ޳һĻһ̣ǰδеʹԼܡ
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ܣԶٷ
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19 үӣ
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ҩҺϰһƽɲݱĶڵб÷ɢգҩë֮ڡ
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֮֮ƤĤͣǼ𡣡
ĬĬתھƾ۵ò޳ҧţһ֧ȻشܹΪʲôܣ


20 û̵Сƨ
Ͱ֮ڣһɫľͬζͰҴܡÿһƤĤвٽɫڡ
ģ޳巢΢ı仯渲һ㵭ĽâңƤ࣬һõɢ
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Ƶ˵⼸仰֮󣬻Ʋƽ۾ȻһУâԣһЩû̵СƨǲҪ˰ɣ


21 ڶ
ɱ
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Ͼ޳֮սʵ̫ˣ۵Щսӵӳȥ֮󣬶Ŀ޹⡣
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Сӣ㶼ҵЦƤǲǣһ죬ָ޳šͲϲˣǲԺϲ㣬㶼Ҫܣ
Ȼ޳ҪƲƽԭøºһЩһʵ̫ˡ
޳һЦһǽס󲮸үү˵أҵͯϱƲƽ۸ҵŮˣûиһǺţǿ֮ͬ˵ˡ
˫һҲšȥԷӣһ˿δйо
һڣŤͷȥЩţ·ҹǰҪϵϿȡ
ŵģ޳Ǹֳһ˿͡

޳ı֮ԶҪԶͬû뿪ս˷Χһ·һ۽硣
ϿڼɽвǱȽصڣս˳פأ˼ʹϿڣҲҶԽµ
뼫ɽ֮һ˿˿Ϣʼ·ࡣԽ룬ΣҲԽ࣬޳һֻ䲻ɫСߡ
СֻҶƬ̣ٶȴ⧲֮»пܱҧһڡСӨӨݣ֪ҧҪĴˡ
ˣǰǽϿȣ


22 Ԫأ
µָ㣬޳ԶһϿȣԼע⵽ϿҡҷһƬơ
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񣬼˽ӽ˹ȥΪ׵ĶӳͲǧлˡֻҪոɲݱǣԵû˿ϵ
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23 
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ܹǿһʵӦԼΣһݰա


24 Ϯ
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25 ʹСүûУ
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һЦЦв˿¶ȣһᣬֻҪյǶѽɲݣҿԷһ·
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26 ҩ
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νţָЩΪ죬ܹԽս֮ˡԽһսܵˣʸ񱻳Ϊһ
޳û˵һСԪػָղһսҲ˲ᣬκ޷ʢǿ죬Ȼܹмȴǰٰ㾯䣬˿и
ҵļ̳ˣܹԽս˽ףһһţ벻޼Ҳôһλ˽ܣѵõǣΪᣡ
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޳Ŀһһ˹ȥսˡֱκ޷硣ǣƤһʱζͻƲȥһѪɫĤֹס


27 תУתΣ
Ԫת֮ҲƿҡƤĤκ޷˫Ŀ֮֮ɫһɨգһְԵޱߵƣѪɫ˫ɨڳ֮ˣǣҪ

˵УƷ޴ﵽܹ֮ûΪΣԷ⡰塱ʵΪɲҪԶʤͬȼ࣬ʵսȫɱѰǿߡ
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ҩֻһЩ֮ս˶ûӵУȴ֪κ޷Ӻδõ»һʱ˸˵𣬲֪дط

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Ŀһ޳ע⵽һ̲Ѫ֮һСɵϻӣղžҵıըȻûнݻ١żһ֮ڡ
ͷˣ쳷
Գֺϸֳ˾ֵɫһܡ
޳Ǹֳһ˿ɱ⣬һΣǳ˽ϿȳڡսӶڷնȥͷ­ͷʬ˺ԶźȻ¡
Сӣһأպȴҳ壬ղ޳ɱȫС
룬ӦǲҪټˡ޳ٶȻӽ֮Ԫ赭дȡһڷ
㣬ҪϾɱ𣿡ã¶˹թ֮ɫֻҪŹңҿЧ޼ҡ
صͷ˫´òƹ˳
Ŷ޳µؿ·ĽܸȤսսи
ȥɣ񴸣ٿתݣ͵һԾһԾ˫бб޳ؿڡ
ϣ޳ԤһתһתһбԴ
ʧȥ죬ʣµĺڷȫɱ˵ӣƽʱޱȣռϷ֮ʱʧȥֱ̱˻Ҫ磬
޼Һսӣȴʿ߰˳֮£ʣµĺڷûжþͱɱֻʣ˼ˡ
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̶գӳμʱĲмһˣͬٵڸԸ޳ЩĵϿ޳ݡ
ʱ޳Ŀɨ֮дĺĵӶǹΪ񡣲˴˵λ࣬Ǹղ޳նɱκ޷磬ȫܵ㹧ˡ
˵νѪͳޣΨоԵܻǵӡң޳ڹؼʱ̾˻Ʋƽǽ˸ػ
ȥƹҪ֪ڷЩĲ֮
޳´۾ʱһ
Щ꣬ڷȥ٣ǽӶĲƸض޷ЯġܹʳǽһޱȾ˵ĲƸ
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꣬¾ǷңҲδջ֮ĽɲݰοǴӺڷлǲʧ
ȥ޼սӵսˡ
˺һ漣ķȫ֮˸ղһУ˭ҲҶС˭Ҳ޷ǵԵӰ֮£Ǳ˶پ˵


28 壡
Ѱ˸Ƨ䣬޳κ޷ϵУϸĦһüһĨɫ
ԭǡ죬ѹǿ˾ˣ
һ׹ĿʯΪӲҪǿһࡣֲΪǿȼ󣬲ҹޱȣһ㶼ǲϵȱ֮С
£صһֻӣ޳طڴ
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޳СĵаۣӳıһƱȥǧ֮ޣ£Ҫ֪¾޼ңһҲˡ
һﵽ׷˶УŻʲƸ޳ؽƱŻأȻǲȥԭˡ
ڽƱ֮һ似ţĿġħơ޳ס¶ϲ⣬ȻħƻȲ޼ҵԪǶһ似ԼʵҲǾ޴
ףʲô
޳ٶȿںħ֮£һƤĲʣֻǸоóΪͣ˺˿𻵡
Ƥ֮ϣһĵͼͼһ㡣⻹һɫС㣬޳ƶɫС΢΢ߡ
ѵƵҵķλȴĿڣ
޳ƶ˼£ȷԼĲ²⡣
ڴʱ˹ƣ֮ɫղˣֻͨڣ֪κ޷罫ӵı˺δ
ǵṩһϢκ޷ɣƺһãÿ¶ȥᣬֻҲ֪õ
ɣǾսΧԼʮ๫ǸĴǳأڲҲǸȽ϶ԣһĻս˶Ƕ
ԣκ޷ǱɣڣȷʵܹӰ
޳֣ͼ̯
ţǲϢͼ÷ǳƤƶɣرҪĵطκ޷絹áºȻһ㶣˼ǣ
һҪѰҵˡ޳УϢͼıʶӦþڼɽ֮ڡĶϵȻȥȥ̽һ
κ޷δܳɹʩչҩĸȤϧȴδҵΨһһöҲűá
΢΢ԥ뵽޳ʵͷǺãСġ
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ŭȵ˽ɲݣǸõ
޳թ÷᳤ϡ
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᳤ŭδѱŨᣬӵɵԲôǰһĻ
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ݿ£ͷ˵ģӪƵġ
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ǲмһЦջô࣬Ƿܣֵ˭ûջô࣬ս岻Ƿôûˡ
ĺĵӾһŪƶվſҵЦ
ųǰģֹ֮ˣϾɲ¹м棬ɲõԣм帺֮ǰطһЩɲݣĿһƬơ
ּһһȵ̧ͷȫǣȻȫǽɲݣ
֮˾Ǳһƣ᳤ۡĲŵطǰŪŽɲݶѣȴһεرˣһʱ䣬ˮ
᳤ϺƺܲԸɲݷգЩڷΪҸòʲôϸɣµ
˵
᳤ϼæϣʲôڷѾͷҪǷˮ
ǲˮ᳤ȻЦ˴κڷǰ˵ûеõҵָʹɵӶš
µˮ©һʱҲǵ©ˡң޼ʵ㣬ҷܾˡ
ߣóܳɳһţ
¶޳ģ̶࣬˽زúԿ벽λǿҲǲܰɣ
ԭЩʬԺڷ
˵ˣ۾һתթصڷϣ֪˶ɱ٣˶ټĲҾ硣ǼȻڴˣٵĲƸҲñõ˰ɣɣǽսͳһ䣬Ҳóƣе
Ȼص£᳤۾һ
ǷҰȷʵϵ˺ڷֻκ޷ܣӴǶԺڷٰղס
񣬼ڷڴˣǵ˼ʱ


29 ݺݵؿһѣ
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ºһͣȫȥˣ˵޼ûеõڷıأ¾Ƕˣʲôʸ֣սдˣ嵥õսƷҪȫ˹ˣҲûٽţΪβóôҡе
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Ȼ㲻ϽϷԼþǣ͵һ𣬻ûΪһգȫֱ治
Ʋƽأ󣬻ס²޳һ۱㿴ߵĿ²
䣡
ʮâ֮֯γһŴصסա
У
ȻһɢǱ¶ΣءϾܹӲȷĽâ
ߺ޺޵ض޳ղҪ޳Ӧÿ죬ȫƾץ²
ǷҪ޼ҿս𣿡üһݡһˮ½ŭ᳤ָϣϬĽâңң
᳤һȻΪ൱ʵսҪ٣ǳԵ¶֡
ǺǣҶͬˣ˺˺˳Ȱ
ڷعսʱҲĶǸүӷ쭡з᳤򣬶ǼǿҲ˽ףȫûǵȵ
ǷҶڷආĸȤɣס޳Цصó㹻Ĵҽ˽Σ
һ޼ս֮˲ؿһ޳漴Ĭ˷֮£޳㹻ʸκξ
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᳤û뵽·תȻתǿ޳òºЩţҪʲô
ȻҪ᳤ԸʲôˣСආˣҲʵڲ˼߼۰
޳һ˼ش֣ɲ٣ֵ󡣡
᳤ϰ֪޳ĻҪһڷؿܲļֵһҧٸǷҵĵˣҪĹ֣Ǿ͡
᳤˵ʲôû˵꣬޳Ȼһشô׸ҪӲ̫̰ˣ
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ãɽھͳɽ᳤޳ڣæͳ˹ȥ
޳ϣ˿Խ˰ɣĿоһǰ̤һ
Ȼ޼ƽѵթǷҲɣ޳ֵһ֣˽᳤ϰɡŶˣ˴̫鷳˷Щ
Ʋƽðʾ۾һгԥػ䡣
߷ֹϧվһŹڵصͷ͵תݵضס޳
СϷˣӣ᳤϶ͷͻͻֱݺݵضס޳޲ܿһ
Ϸˣ̸˵𣿡
޳һ޹ί᳤Ͽ˵Ҫ²Щ²ҲˣǮ壬ӵϷˣ
⼱תֱµһĻ֮һ޳Ǹֱ׳ģ뵽ղſڿġƽһ۽Ƕ鴤
һɵӣǳ˲¹ͷĶħ
Ҫǻķ²ģ᳤ƤֱܹǴڣԼΪЦڴܵε𷣡
㲻˵
޳һϧҪģ˵㿴㣬㲻˵ô֪㲻˵ҾΪ㲻ҪҪ˵᳤ϣ˾̫ˣҪ˵
޳߶߶ȥصǼ仰޼ս֮˸ˣŷ᳤Ѿɫнޱȡ
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ֹ˷᳤ϵıߣ侲ؿһ޳ܺã治޼ҵˡ
޳һЦ·һҲеĶ⡣
һ粨Σ˶˿ָɲݵæһ󣬴ǹ䣬װϡ
һûκε飬ͣػתսˡ
;У޳˸ӣ΢ΣȻ뿪˶飬ȥ
һУ¶һ˿ɱ⣬˫һӣΪһƸȥ


30 Ӱ
է֡
һ˿չ䣬ȻïʢĴȥ룬ȴҲüɽ֮пɼȴӡ
Զһţǵɽֱƣޱȡ
ˣӦþǰ
ѭŲϢͼʾ޳ڽӽ˱ʶڣηӿһʯССĵڸѰһ޳۾һῪ˵һʯ֮ǰһ
˵̫ᰡ
òϧ̾һӰ޳󷽣Ǻߡһϧҡͷ־̫ס
޳ֳһ˿ζô
޼֮쳹սˣ̣Ϸ֪ԲšΣĻھԵǰԶԶ
Ц˵ǽɱ˭֪ضӦǺڷڰɣǵõʱأϷӴ֮ǿԳΪˡ
ս˸ǿ֮⣬ҲһЩǿ߻߾֮һ
˳ơӰˡʵȻΪ߽ףһṦߣսʹǾŽǿҲԽǿ¡
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ӣϷǰˣŪܼǲ֪ӰһЦ׷޳׷˹ȥ
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ӰŽܣУһǡλλһǡӰǰ߿ڶʮɷΧ˲ƶٶȿýĿϾӡ
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ڹӰݵڶСӰԶҪ࣬ٿһ˿γɻӰ򱼻ߣ֪һж뱾֮ʱӰӵбĳɵս
ӰƽҲǵ͵ˣĻ似ֻ˵Ŀ̽ˡ
޳⣬ٶȿĻṴǿ̰ǷӰʵ̫ˡҲҺùӰ츳δɹĻ޳Ҳɱ
Ӱţ޳ǰĻƽ鱦ʵЩͷۣ
Ҫ뽫ȫ˻޼ңɲһܹɵģҪķزǡ
˺Ƹߣʵܵõ޼ҵû䣬ΪԼ˲Ų֮⣬ƸҲһء
֪ôһӴĲƸǴȥܸ޼ҴİȻй¶һ޼еļ壬Ҳ֣鷳
Դһ˿ͷۣ޳ת뿪ǡڴʱĿȴͣһʯ֮ϣʱ޳һͣ
ƺЩŹأ


31 Ԫ
һǽڣϸ۲Ļܹǽмһķ϶ǱǶȥġ
ƣ
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ǰʱһĨŨŨ֮ɫӿ޳촽ᶯѹڸǵʵԭǲȱ
һᾧʯǰһԼɳʯʯְ͸ĺɫһ˿˿·ɫйճһӰڶ
񣡡
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ƽЧһָС֣ζܹ߻ħ֮ǡ
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汦ǰ޳һֱ侲Ҳǲ˿ڿˮ˶޳ֳ̽ץȥ

Ȼ䣬һЦӺдſЦֱ쳹ʶ첨ˡ
ͬʱһŤĺɫӰӵɳһͷû޳üģ
Ȱ꣬ڵȵǿʢ֮ӣ첻Ұᣡ
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ȴû뵽ԼȻǿߣ
ʶֱʱܱɢǻſЦ֮ʣ岻ͣҪ޳ʶȫռݡ

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һ࣬ƾ΢ֹܹ˱ﲻмЦɢ
ۣ
޳ò׾ۼһһ̤ɢǿĳ³һѪ
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СǾǿЦĿ͸¶һ˿ͣϧֻҸᷳɣ
ءһ޳оԴһΣЩȥǰһƬģ֪üΪ硣
鷳ԹԵؽߡһ峹׷ſΪǵصĻ꣬¡
У޳ҧסȫ˾ҵԺһӰХ죬϶£һҶ
ΪԼںˣܷ
ۿ꼸Ҫʶȫû޳ĵֿԽԽǹɲ־ȴһֱƣ
ڤڤУ־ĳڣ̾ڵԪȻһ𣬶ķ˸
䣡
ͻȻһɫâ˻֮£һ֣ʱֹסȴҲ޷¡
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ۣ
ԪӰʶԭȵСɣ˿̵ȴ˹ǾţȻһɰһеϢ
һŹֵԪдСС飬ȻҲҳƺԪΪߺߣ˲޵
˽˶ȴһ˿ֵĸܣֹϳɵζ


32 Ԫʮ
£Ԫһ㣬ӶڴӴ

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ңֻҪңҿԽκ
ԪٶȴƾҲ뱾̸̥Եȥɡ
ݣ
ʱȫ̱˶ڣٿԪİâѾüΪԣȫסˡ
˵һԪһãת޳һٶȻָƽ·ʲôûз


֪ȥ˶ã޳ʶڻָ˿Ͻס¶һ˿֮飺
ղǵֵסֻԼҪӴʧռݡˣղŵ׷ʲô飿
СӣزˣǱˡȻһ޳ʶ
޳ٿȻһʶҪ˳嶯ʵղң
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ˡ
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ݣ
ԪͻȻûΪһɫâֱѭž޳ġ
ͬʱһϢԶ޳ʶ֮ڡ
ԪһأԪ䣡
Ԫ䣿
޳ܹ֪ĳһԲͼͼ·ϣʱоЩ·ǻһ㡣
ȴ޷ͼķֺ
ԭĽȣʹٹʮ꣬Ҳ޷㼤Ԫһصֻ顮ἺΪһ
޳򣬵ʱնɱֻɽҲõԪһ˿׹⡣ղֻ鱻֮ṩٱڴɽԪӵ㹻νġ󡱡
޳ɣӲļһǵõ˳û㹻ԼԪ䡣
Ǿ䡰ἺΪ񲻾˵Լ
ԪȻԪһֹ󣬶ȴ㹻ˣܹõǿ㶥ԼԪһ㣬Ԫʮ䣡
Ԫʮ䣿޳Щ档
ԼĥԪڶǡԪر䡯㡮Ԫǧ䡯ֻҪ㹻˳
ԪѾԵΪͣӲɽ̣ǵùˣȻôһľˡ
ƾ޳ηʣԪ˶һԲ
գ޳ֻοЦˣݣ»һԼǰ˼ӣǽݸʮҹ
Σһ˵ջʵС
޳ģ񣬶էָ֣һգԪ䣡

ɲʱһεĲɢ
޳ΪģԲ涸Ȼһƣѽᾧʯ׷ըѿ·صһŭʯƤ֮ƷɣϿա

޳æջɫֳ԰ףüһԭԪʮԱóʮ˺ɱ֮ܲڷԲɷΧ
ղһ޳ȷоÿһɱ֮ɱ߽ǿߣΪɲǣʮǿƺãȻܲգܹγɽɱɱΣ
ԪҲֻƨ
޳΢¶˾ϲ֮ɫԭƾս֮սĨɱѰİ˽ǿߡټϵԪ䣬¾ǰ˽۷ǿҲһս
ԪǿҲǼ󣬸ոն̶һ˲޳Ȼоȥʮ֮һ
ΪĽչһЩ
޳üǽ֪뷨֪˻ץ񡣶̶ֱ࣬ӿԽ׻ڣٶȻ
ҡҡͷ޳½עŻǰղżڵõ񣬵ûע⵽ϸַ֮һ
ţӣ


33 ͨ
ӳһֻɫӣץỬޱȣ˿
ѵǡ
޳˲²⣬̽ؽУһ£ʶһ𣬷·һ
ӳ֪һƬĿռ䣬ҲɣվлСС
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ǬҲһڲԳɿռ䣬Դһ壬ѰûʸӵС
¾͵ȵǬս֮ڶûļӵСǰֻǬڲռ֮㣬治֪ǺεƷˡ
Ƭռֻ֮Ӵʬ壬һʬԼʮɣһֻȶг˴֣ƤصĻƣͷϵ¹ǷǳϬ
ͷʬ壿޳һ
ڳԻһ˿ѷɫ޳ʩչԪתʱͬǰһֻʵʵצͬƽ
һֻצͱ˳ಿλǶͷ¹ǲȻǾһս
ʹȥǰʬȻɢѹ˲ꡣǽģ޳ע⵽һɫԿףԿгֱ۳̣һͷצϽɫΡ
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գ۹вﱻ˵øɸɾ
ûκͣ޳۵ĶѨطɱ󣬶Ѩʼݣ
һ֣пܱ棡

ۣ
Ӱһӳһͨ漴󣬳һĿӣһֱӳȥʮ
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޳һۣҪܵ㹻죬õĽҲҪǵһƤ˳ջķᣬԪĹͨӴĲ㹻޳Ϊ֮ˡ
սһת޳ʹ뿪
﷢ʲô飿
Ȼ䣬һư漴Ӱȵ˶ǰ㶢޳ƣ̰һš
˴ǻɫۣ鹧˵ʱ˿Խ죬ūһ㡣
඼߽׵Ϊ˾սˣĳǳؾɣǣ˺пɣģұȻ
գ۹޳ͽǰ˷һ顣
ȻµԷ޳Ҳ£ҡͷҲǸյã
Ŀһתȵ󵨣ƭҴͨ
ͨ
޳ͷ˵ɣһΪ칤һΪͨ۰ɣǣСѡֻѡ񡭡

κһ߱Ĩս˵ʵΪǵλǿߣ
ǸҲָ֪Ӻζ޳Ը£ͨǿǱȷһҪֲȻԼĿǰʵ̡
֤֣㻹ҽƱ磡
߳һһָ޳еսʲôݣôӵѵǴõģ
Ψе߷ܾ֮
ݸ฽͵СӣҪΪõģִֻ֮ǹӱܶѡˣԽˣү壬һһ
޳۾΢УǸ׼ˣʹԼãҲԷĵô߰ˡ
طϻˣҪҵսƾǵıã޳ȻһЦսббָṫӣһƽ¶
õ
ṫӳһôҲδ뵽޳Ȼ⵨Լٽ۾ж֮ɽǰģһͷһ
үȻСʶ̧٣ǾҸ԰ɡݸЦָһâ²˸Ű׽ɫĹâ
Ҳáɽͷò̾ϢҲ׳嶯ԸԺѧˣͷһһűǡ

ݸһ̤ǰָץ޳ұۣ᣺СӣҪȷµֱۡ
ҵ֣ܺá
޳ͷȻһƬƽ޲ע⵽˫ȴܴпһ˿ļµɱ⡣
ͣ
һתսڡ޳ܣұֱһ֧ƿնȥ
֪ɽǸֳһ˿ŪЦ⣬İ׽צѾ߾磬߽ΪΪͨһץ飬ο
٣˭СӲʶôȵ΢ΪǺͯŻƽҡУүĸֵȴ̰ɱϣλǿҲȲˣһСƨ˹ȥ
˵úãֵĺϱү⣬ȥ֮һøʹʯɽŵ
лү
ϲӶų˺⣬˵ϼ䣬ȴǼɽüͷ͵һ壡


34 в
˺
·Ǵֲڵ±ѿָ޳ֱϺһȴֻܷһɳ˻
ָָ类ǯһ㣬һſű˳ȥƿݡֱ졣

ʮָģ󵱼һҽУѪģָٿǰǲδ׳ֱۣһƾ˫
ڱܣŲҪˡ
Ҫӣ
޳Цһסֱۣ͵һžһױȫһбұۡ
㾹ȻҶҵˣ
ɽг˲˼飬ôԼһĻϱð֮УԴѪ˫Ŀͨ죺£֪𱰵ĶҹģҴͨҪ壬Ȯ
޳Ŀкâһ֪ɽ˵棬ŸԾԲ½
ڴͨĺܸ߹ǽ޼Ĵ
УնݳԾ󻼣
޳ûκԥսһٵӹգһ㽫ʹɱһ̺ᶨɱ³ȻˣҲûȥˡ
ûκμҵ棬ûа˻ߣеֻʯ㲻ɶҡľġ
˵ɱ㣬Ҿɱ㣡
ãүһǸӣߣ֪ǿѹ˶Դ类ɱķߺޣһקסɽ
ɽѣݺݵش˸顣ޱȺݶضһ޳תܡΪףѣһ֮¾Զ
ӣֻҪӻشͨһҪүүǲֽСƤȫͳͳɱ⣡
үǴͨ㾹׷ɱүԼ֮𣿡
޳ǣҲֻӲͷƤϡĻɽȴȻ£ȥ֮󸱵Զ׾ùȫСҪܵǣ
һҧһ۳ɵ׸ȫצһӣצӰ޳ֻҪʹǰǣүϴԵûзңȻѾ֤ԼǱҲԹС
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޳ᣬ˻ֻѪ֮£̫ǻֻۣҪԼƻһٷְٻ塣
Ȼ޳Ӱƺ˶٣Ҳֳһ˿ԥͷһϲʶطҲи˼֡
ڴʱ޳һȻ³սһɽӰ
ʹթ˫ͽ͵ػӶӰҪס޳
ϧ޳ԪѾת֮ټսΪƷʵ֮ࡣ
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ۣ
ͷһѪ͵ֱһ̣۾ȻɵúܴȻĿ
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ͣ
޳żһһʯСˣۣһƿХʯɽġ
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޳һٿȻֹ֮гһ˿ءղֻʱһȦƵĲܡ
ǳ˼ΪԼۻˣ޳ףǷѾŽףԪͳһ˿Ԫ֮ף
ΨԪۣӵȺռ
С㣬ңһܶ౨꣡óԼǰӰɽһ¶˿ϲ֮ɫ
ǰһŮӣ£üĻһ̺죬еü״񣬾ϵ鶼Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ
ŮӻǾһһЦһֹĴ˲ԽҪ׽һȴֲ֮ġ
һεŮŮŮݣòҲΪϧŮڣǽʶغ
ȻƣҲܳ칤Ա֮˵ӲҪЦˡŮӵص£ڡ
ɽĻ˵һѿƫƫַãΪ֪Ů㹻ʸ˵⻰
Ϊ칤Ų۰Ů귽ʮȻŽ׵ŮԸ⿪ڣдѵ˿źϷ
ĳˡ
ɽ죬һϥģСӶҵɱӣǸɣǷﰡǸɣǻôķСɣ壡
޳ͷһӸղǵļ佻̸֮УײµŮ칤ˡĳ֣ǻһ鷳ء
ʹŮֻǳŽף޳ҲûбʤİգϾ칤Ѱ˭֪ӵʲôĵƣ


35 ɽı
ߣɽ󵨣
ϣһָ޳޳칤󹩷ֵ칤ʹͣôģ
ʲʲôɽɵˣ칤ʲôѰŽǿ߶δعϳΪʸ
С޳СʲôݣȻܹΪ
ָʹ칤󹩷Ȼȸ״浱ͨܶһǲǣѵΪ칤Ǻ۸ģ
һɽĿ࣬˵
յΪʹ޳նɱͨҲû˵ָŲţ
ɽ͵һŵɷףС㣬Ҵˣҹϣõ޹˲С˹һȥ֮һϺ޹
š
ڽ黺˼֣֪߲ˣ²Ϊ߰ɡ
ɽĨ˰亹ǧлת뿪֮ʱͷңһƶ񶾵
һƱã޳Ҳ㲻ΪκŮӻæԼ˵һڽгԼѵΪ
ս
㲻ʶˣЦؿ޳
޳üͷ΢壬ϸȴôҲҲͷʼԲǼӦûӡǡ
޳β˵ǳǳľ
ѣ칤չšȵȣ
޳Ժһؿ꣺С
޳֮ǰ޼һһƬʢХݷù칤ʱ޳ģڹżլԺĴһСҲû
֪У޳˹żҺԺɲɵǣһ·˹ķ䡣ʱĹֻ޳Դ꣬ǡԡڴ¡
ǣһĻСŮԡͼôڵس޳ǰ
޳תߣҲڻֺ顣СӺ˫ֲָŹǰЦѿھһʫһСָΡ
ȻŰ꣬Ů죬ޱȣĻòϵľѶʱᣬҴ¾ͳ޳ץ˹
һޣֻǵʱصΪ޳ûͱסˡ
ƫƫ޳СǸ첻µزµ֣ȻƤЦ˿ϷʹСѾͷñףǡСؽиͣ
գûޣ˵ķǱˡ
ͷ
걾ֻЩãǱ޳һֱлץģʽϣֳһƬ쳱ŭӿüֱҪ

ļ䳹ӿͷ޳ƲȾܣŮιιιŮ
ͷС챾ҰһˣЦŽ׷᣺ܣ
ܣ㵱Сүɵ𣿡
׷ȻܵʯʼתӻѾСҼңаಫζ
ŮõʯһӶ˳⣬С
칤ڣ˶ŸŲ¶СŮ̬֮⣬˵ӡʼǵޱȡ
ǽ˿һĻ֪˻ŵûȥ
ţ
޳شһ޿ֵվŲ
ߺߣͨˣ㻹ӣ
ҧ촽ׯ¶һ˿Ц͵˵СƵġ
㻹ˣĿңûԿĿɨǰ޳аһ䣺һҲԿɣ˵㻹ôС
¸ͷ޳¶һĨܰЦݣԴ޼Ұ֮󣬵ûлȥ칤
һ֮£ʮꡣ
ߺߵĹ꣬޳ε̯˫֣Ҫǲһ٣˵ţ޳ƾҪתȥ
ޣҪ˭Ҫ㡣
һ죬𵱳Լ뺷ذСĿӣβ£̲סһЦ
һЦ·𴺻شأ겻ĸĤʧŮԾ£Ȼһ𣬳̸
ǵһμʱôСôϳҵģ޳ʵЦʱһ֣ô꣬òᶼڰпҰɣ
ȥôÿ𣬱СҪ͵㣿һڣмصԪӵүӵսѵѲ𣿡
˵⻰ʱʵЩ顣
ʵϣŽĪ뵽ǸԼ壬ȴһֱ׳СԽĸоԽȻ̸ʲô⣬Ƿݺ֮ȴվ㡣
ǣд̽޳öԷĶ¼֮ȶĻʱ롣ۼһΣʱ޳ھҵҵԼ竽ɫ˺д䣬ʵйʧ͸
˺󣬹Ҳûкķѹֻżʱ̾ϢһˡǺнˡ
ǺǣǵҲǡ޳ӣһЦ
׷ʣ˿СǲӦллң㻯һѣ
٣СɫҲвСү޳ںЦҪ㲻֣Ҿֱһ£˭鷳
ߣ㵹ɡ
ÿıӣѵɽ游ǴͨԶףԶ׾ͨ׷֮ѱɽӡǡɱɽֻ²һգԶ׾Ѱ
ԣ޳ı֪겻ԶšǱͨϣҪ֮ˣ


36 үүȬϣ
ѹ־С
޳һۣæĿڣС㡣
⻹ࡣ
һۣĲȴ᲻ɵĸоֻú޺޵һҧӳһƸ޳ȥ
޳ӹΪʣš֣ƱһֹŹֵָȥһ
ϷҪ㣬ƣͨҲĿŵض㡣ص
޳ӿһƬů֪칤ĹݾԲͣײ͸ˡôһƽԼ¾ԹݣҲҪһѹ
ûнƴǣֻصصлˡ
˭Ҫл
걻޳Ƶ񿴵Щڣæתͷȥٹþս˵˰ɣ
޳ͷ
ε칤ͬǰս
һ˲źصϧΪֻףǿһЩĻܹѡϣүӵҲܵõҽεĻᡭ
ʲô޳ٿȻһһץ˹ֱۣŵʵ˵үүƣ
৵һͨ죬֪޳ģֻǱصһۣɵسֱֻۣһλˣ칤սʮµѡһˣ޼ĻӵλᡭǷܹɹδ֪
ҡͷĿ͸¶һĨǡ
޳һ֪һ̫ȭһȭ£൱ڰСɽ߼
һȭ£õ似үүô֮һֱδȬȫΪδȥ
޳æʵҪѡĻ֪Ҫʲô
ܹԽ׻߽ǿߣȻҲһţѡǿ̣Ҫѡ߱ӵоŽս
֮ʹţҲҪӵа˽׵ΪһԵĿԣЩ̼޳ʧ㲻̫ļʹ˴βɣ֮һλᣬʱ츳ѡӦʮþˡ
ж̶࣬޳ģҲäĿΪһ½һס
ٶȷڶ򶥼ɣڣпܣǡ
޼ң
Žսô
޳ָȻս֮͸¶һ˿âԼ˵Ԫһ㣬սĻȫܹԽսܰ˽۷ǿߣھŽǿЩǿ
£ܾô
ллңλһ޼ҵģ޳ֻҪܹүүȬµҲ˰벽
޳ᶨɫֹ̾˿ǾʱټɣҸҪȥѰһζҩ
Ծʯһ޳»ؼ棬Ҫٸҽҡߺߣ
޳һЦŵǳơС㡯̫ˣ
꿴Ƥļһ㲻ҵ֣糺˵꣬ת뿪
ȻӰʧ޳¶һĨЦݣô

޼ҡ
ϻʱǻƳϣ޳˿һ˶ǰȥѰȻֻǺķһʱ䣬ǾĶǣֱڹŹش˸ء
үӣǳˣ
ͥԺһӰβסǿҵ˷ܣЦű˹ݺݵرס޳Сӣҿûˣ
ڵ֪޳ȻһǰȥѰұأһҶʹһ٣ǲ֪·ҹҪǰɽѰˡ
һҶϵĺз۾޳о˶Էֿĸ飬Щ᣺󲮣㵣ˡ
վˣߣȥ˵һҶ޳ļк
ʱҲ˹޳Ȼ˿϶СѾͷͰ͵ץ޳ۣôϷ֡

ε¶˵ˣκ޷統УһξһҶЩš
ţҲǼһȻҪಫ
޳һЦ͵˵һմ˴󲮵ҪǴ󲮽ڸҲռȻ
κ޷Խƻ¾ԳֶĺħѾ˴ɣܹѹƵס
һҶ˰֣ؿ޳ʲô磿
ʱκ޷޳սҲûܿϸԺ޳ʩչ֮¡
޳ҡͷЩźʱ˵㣬дȽѡ
һҶıʱסˣ˰ζû˵
Ϊ޳ĳ嶯ˣ˻ʮ궼δܹﵽľ磬״ﵽ̫
Сӣ̲סҪץ񰡡


37 
¼ֲ֣ЦûиϻǷ峤ı飬˸о̫ʹˣ
գѺŽɲݻصսˣȺⱾ뿴޼Цķ峤ˣǱ˵˼ǺݺݵĶ⣬ͷת
Ǻ޼ҷֵõһɲݣǸǼʵ۾ð𡣶ң޼ûгԶʳĽɲԵͼ۳۸һЩ壬ʵӮ˲ġ
˵һ޼ǴӮӮ
ɽ֮еƸӣѰĿѡ㽫Ϣͼ󲮰ɣǰȥ̽
ХʶΪ޳ûѰñأǷ
Ϣͼ޳ЩŹ֡
ХˣΪ޳̰ͼ۶ôĲرȲԼˣѵ󲮻㲻ɣ
һҶһǿЦүӣҪΪѳܹ˳񣬳˴ܺ͡ڷʲôأӦùԼ֧䡣
Хһߣ鲻ãȻ簮޳ڴǷǰӲǷʮǰı֮󣬶⿴أ
±һ¶˼˿˻ѵôˣܻǵˣ
ŮУ뵽޳Ц˵ġͯϱһǸо˲ѡ
ȿȣүү󲮣Ƕˡ
޳æǣܿһۣŵǱʱأѾȫȡˡ
ʲô
Хһɻؿ޳Щ޳ıŴ漣ҪΪַ竲ˡ
ݣ
޳Ǭȡ˼ӡЩӶǴ򿪵ģһ⣬ɢⱦЩ۾ҫ
ЩЩǼ棬ХĿɿڴôԼġ
ǬһҶָÿ죬Ծʡ
š޳ԵصڱзǬװƽ鱦һʮһڣ⻹һ䵤ҩûϸܼƼֵһƽ𣡡
һ
һҶҸЩιȥ
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ѰıǿԴ޳ˣʲƸʵ̫ˣ൱޼ʮǺεĿ
ԣҪ޳Լ뷨
ЩΪңүүûڷ飬ʲƸӦܹϺܶ˵ɣ޳Цŵ
˼ǽȫڣһҶԾ
ǽڣǽ󲮺үү޳֣صص
һҶܿĥ޼ڲҲһ顣ʲƸУĻֻǽܳܿٵؾ£ģ޼ĸΪۣ
Сӣ۵ǲ١ХЦ޳ܣԾ޶ƸҲܱѣһβסĽϷôǶô
ڣң
޼ҵ֣
޼ҳģث֣ǿеġ֡

һվһǧƽ޳ԼʹãǬȻˡ
үӽսҲʽ޳ʹã
Щҩ󲿷ֶֻʺʹã޳ֻȡһЩ϶ʣµȫһҶȥ֧䡣
ھѣ޼Ҳû̫ʵȥҩ¼ӵܵΪչѷɫ塣
һ䵤ҩܵõĹۣЩҲܱܿѹƶ£
󲮣һ顣޳֣أүүԪܣҪ˿̽
ղżʹó˱أҲû޳أХҲ֪ͬСɣףһεĲɢ
ֻһ޳ַɴպˮ㣬ʱ񣬵Ǻֹǿ
󲮣ΪͣھŽ׺ü˰ɣ޳ȿһҶ
һҶЦŽ벽λֻһеĲȴԵƣȻҲˣҪͱǲ㴰ֽ֪Ҫాꡣ
εؿЦ뵽޳ŽʮΪзп׿ܹԽ׶Կ벽λŰ񣬸Ҳث
֮Գٳٲҽͻƣ˼ɵ޷Ǿǿͻʱħˡ
޳ûӣٻǸ߻ħ֮أ
ɢ˵֮⣬Ⱦ紺ůÿһ˵塣
ǡһҶ۾صɴ󣺡񣡣
һֱ侲ХҲ˵ˣǰ޳óƽ鱦ʱҲǴǾϲˡ
ЩֻʵȼǿȴûʲôʵԵĺôɾȫͬˣ˵һҶ¾Х춼֮ܽһȹΪ


38 Ӱ
󲮵ʵѾﵽŽ׵۷壬һѣһܹͻƣʱ޼ܶһ벽λǿߣսĸ嵨
޳صһȭдġ
ɣ챻㣬ʵһǧ֮Ż졣
һҶܾǵ㣬ҼʹͻƳɹպȥס
޳ˣæҪȰ⡣˵ЩһҶȻǴ븸죬ˣһܹˣ
һҶ㲻ҪƴˣҲǳһƬТġХ췢ˣɣֻһãһ飬ʣµʹñǡ
޳һҶڳɣû˵һٻսৡؾͽиݡ
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˼ȥ޳ó˽ۣۻӰҪ㹻֮⣬Ҫ
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40 䣡
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ҿ͸˵ˣܲסĻ˵СѾͷҲﲻæˡ
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41 ֲ
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Ϊأ֮СֱƾһŽ׵ΪټСԪĵ̶̶ʮȷս޿ɶҡĵλ


42 
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ʱ˶Х죬޼ҹ鼱֮¾ҪȰ衭


43 λǿͽ
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Ҫ˵ǰ޳Ӯõһһ˿ϣĻôڣϣȫȻµıѩڵӰ١

׵СָȴǿȻȵѹ˷
ͷŴŵĺֱ£幭Ϻ״ȻܵѹᣬԳܡ
н֮ʣյѹŲۣ¶һĨ֮ݣΪȻ˽ף츳ѣԶԿѰŽ׸֡
лŸָ㡣˿
ض񡣡ŲԵͰ˷칤ŴϷһĵҲȱ˼̳У֪Ը뱾󣬴Ϸ²
Ȼ
˭Ҳû뵽Ų񷾹ȻսѡӣǸһ뵽ͷ͸ǹ޼ңٵõ칤֧֣ƼֱѹԵİ
޼˸ɫ뵽пܴ칤赽ƣ硣ӹµµתȻĳЩתͥͷ


44 ƾ޼ң
үүǲִ̫ˣ꼱
ŲƳһ޳꣬ضԣ˵ӦþɣҿΪףҪСȻ򣬾ôˡ
鼱üͷȴŤת޳гǸ⡣
޳ˣ˴ѡȻȰԼ˵ûϧԼ벻λ칤ķۡ
˼ת޳ǰ
䶸
Ų񷣬Ҳ̫˰ɣĪտͶˣһ
ЦУһϢն֮շ׷ױᣬһı
ŲһԳ֮һֱƽ޲׶¶һ˿أ
ৣ
һҵӰ£һɫսף¶Ƥϼᣬһĵ̺Դƿ룬Ϊˡ
ĪգӣŲ۾һ֡ǴͨĪգ϶ˡ
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ĪղмƲ죬ָ϶˭˵ĵӣ
ǡ
̤ǰǸȻлŸ񰮣Ѱʦֻܹˡ
Ȼû˵ݵʦ˭ڳ֮޲׵ؿĪգ˶סˣ
ҵһ츳ˣȻܹλǿ߾ͽѹֽշ峤ʱ¾ᣬԭдͨΪܣ
޼ңļ棬עҪճ
ĪգֶΣ
ǱߣŲмҪŭݺݵصһĪգص˦³䣺ߣ
үүⳡɣһ㾪ϲ꼸ǰˡ
ŲɫؾʱĪٶȴЦŸȻˣôҴȥ֪˻ҪΪŸҴͨءҵν´ȥԹŸӰ첻ð
㣡
Ų鼱䣬֪ĪԼΪ˸ʤߵϲðˡһ֮ɣǣΪԼ˴ͨ
һ䣬Ų˳˿̨룺ҲãϷսк֣ʱյͽɱ𱻸˹ȥ
Ц
ĪյЦţõ£ĵӻᱻ˸ǹս˻˭ʸѲ칤е޼ҵӣ
ɨ޼֮ˣг˲мģȻҲ֪޼ҵĳԹ˿˵Ҫҳˣ
ֱ׵س޼ȴֻ֪ͣǲλǿߣǲ¸ңǲ֪
һƬ֮Уһʵȴǻƾ޼ҡ
ţ
ĪٿȻתһ޳ϣÿ޳ΪʱȻһЦףҲ뷭Ц
ʦǰ˵ķݣ
˫۱ֱһᣬƿ޳һг֣ԼֳԨ纣ƣγһִޡ
˽ƣϷ츳¾ǾŽǿߣҲһս
Х󾪣ʶؾҪĪ΢΢ֱͦһɱá
һߣŲüͷ΢壬ȴûд֡ϾǰֻΪУٳȥǵЦɡ
Ŀһ޳̾ĪǰҲ˵ǿɼΣϧûʵ֧ŵվֻǾˮ¶ѡ
΢΢ҡͷŲתͷȥһƵĶײ֮ȴǾ׺ͷס壬ȵ֮⸡ʲô
䣡
֮У޳ȭݺݻһ֮Ƥ㣬תصķХ֮
һȭ
һȭϮޱɷ飬ǿ˵ը죬˶Ĥֱ졣
죬޼СӾȻܹסһ
竲Ϊǿս
Ϥ޳֮˾Ǵһǿ¾ǸղһûжȫɱҲﵽ˰˽ײΡ
ǣǿһȻ޳һȭ飬޳ܹԽװܵУǺεȿֲ츳
ȽΪսȻ£ǱҪ޳ʮ꣡
ʮ꣬Ϊ츳޳Ű

촽д˾ϲֻ֪޳ܹնɱ߽׵ֵܣȴҲ޳սȻﵽ˲Ρ˼תæҵؿŲ񷣺үү
Ų΢һ漴ЦãԽսУ츳칤󹩷
˵ţһ䣬һȵֿ޳ˡ


45 һĽ
Թٶȳһ޳г˲˼飺ʲôʱ칤󹩷
¾ХˣĿж¶˾֮⡣
޳֪Ų̬֮ת䣬ȫΪԼչֳ롰ƥļֵҲ֮飬޳ָ˶Ե޹ʶԼá
ǣ˳Ƶ޳
ض񡣡
Ų񷿴޳ϧʱԣ㹻ֶν޳߽ڣƾ޳츳ҲܷӳŽսˡ
ǸоźŲ̬ȴԵ׽˲٣޳չֳ츳㹻ˡ
һţŲûټԽ׵ţɣڶǷëǡԼӪպȻɳΪ칤
칤Ǻɰٴ׶ΪĪĳĪһ
ǺǣĪҳһӵԽս츳ߣ칤ͬԸΪŲ񷵭ص
Īձҭ˵֪һԼˣǿȥҲֻȡˡؿ޳һۣ츳ٺãҲҪȥ

𶴴ˣ
ȻһֻɽеųλƵĹâͬˮһζγһʾ档
⼫һ֮ÿֻдʱ򿪣Ϊ˽߸޷롣֮𶴿֮·᳹׷գʱٲҪˡ
峤СһֱĴ氮Ľ˴βսӺϳһ֧ͬΣ᳤ͻȻ飬ĿƵؿ
ţȵؿ
ɴδ˵Ϊս峤Ļ֣һҷĽԸƽ᳤֣ٶ׳һն
˫ĿһͷβХ᳤ĶԼ֪һһ֮񣬼ֱ൱ȫʲˡ
޳ֳ츳侪ˣ˵׷ʵҪʤһȡô˴һʮþ֮¡
ѡҽˣǾܵõһĺôҵ岻
ûԥ˵ͷ峤ʢȴĳȻûоܾĵ
Хˮһ仰Ҳûж˵֪ʱκָ𶼺壬˭޼Ҳռƣ
ŲҲް취ŵĪԵΪλǿߵӰ
峤һΪյľڣҷҽ˱ؽҸϲ¥᳤ЦΪƵؿɫХ졣
Ļش˿Ҳ֣û˭ô˴εһỨҡΪ˼濼ǣ£ɷǳȷ
һʹλ޼츳پҲı䲻˽Ľ񣬾޼ҶܵǣǱӴĶעϿ塭
һʼХ᳤֮Ҷѡ˵ңԼأǲҲӦѡ
Ҳͬ⣡
ͻȻһ߷ߵ漴һӰ𣬿ٵسһȥ
ӸղһԴ׾ԼĲȡһ룬ôҲ޷ܡ
࣡һҪֹѾæȵͨ
ͨ˿ֵսӵӣ˵ţ׷𶴶ȥ
ԼŮӣҲЩ²̨εؿ˷᳤
ʱ򣬷ȵվ˳ģֻСŮɬˣСֶᱣ֤ڵİȫ
˿˳̨ףǾֶˡ
ЦŹ˹һڱкսӽ׷Ҷȥ֮࣬һ޳ʳָ޳ҡҡ޼ҡ

ǣǰ
ĿȻı飬޳Ħһ򢲿һЦģһὫеĽһһ顣
һЦȻûн޳вϣһӱʧ𶴡
ʱвļ׷ѡһ𶴽롣кܶ˶ǰʮĽԼԵȴҲ׷ŹĻᡣ
ңɱ쾦õ޲ϻᾡɱУвٲϼֵΪƣһСƸˡ
޳󣬼Ϻսܳİӣһһ𶴡
һ룬һХ·ͷһ˳ҪƷ


46 
Х֮£޳ԸоÿһƤƺҪɷĩ
СģǺ쾦츳ܣ
´ѣμӹΪḻƲæһ񵴶ԪתӰǵӿ
ۣ
һѪըеһֻʬ壬΢΢鶯ţɫĹ˸
ԹԣǺ쾦𣿡
һսӵýޣڹİ˶гɵߣϤ֮Ȼܻܽ
ʮֿ㣬ͨУǰۣһۿͷÿһλ֪ͨη
նɱĺ쾦Ұ֫ǿֻɫԵзĹǴ̡
Ϊص۾챦ʯһ貶Ŀ¾ʧȥ֮Ȼ羧һ㡣
ͣ͡ý˺쾦۾ʾ쾦ӵ츳ܣܹ˵ĶӶϮɱ۾ܹƺ쾦ֵĸߡ
޳˵쾦Ȼϡı׼ҲǱеĶˡһӶХХۣδսӣȴû뵽Ȼ쾦йء
쾦ƷΪһޣܹ֮ﵽŽսҵľ飬֮ӦûޣԴҿԷġ
ָӵҷɢֻҪĺɣɱ쾦ȡ۾Ϊƾ֤⣬צԼϵĹĤܹƵҩмֵҲԾռ
һڲ֮쾦ȺֻҪɣһǶ뿪׷ɱ
ɱɹΣһ𶴾ͷϣһĹҿ
ǣ
սӵӺӦ
áĹʱǶ˫Ŀսδʱ𶴳򿪣ʱܶǿ߶У߶ʵսռҩ
ȴ쾦֮⣬ޱǿޣλʵĴڡˣУŵšȵȣȫС
ҵõɷһʺơ
һ޳޳΢һǵ㣬Ҳֿɱɣ޼ҿɲ˷ҡ
쾦ľסΪɢǴһЧ⽵͡
ţ
صصͷ޳µ漣˶޼ȡһȻģֻΪ
޳

޳һǰ˼ʮ͵ͷˡһ·ϣ޳ֻ쾦һرɱˡ
˷֮£쾦ĺκβ
أ
޳ȭ磬صغһֻ쾦ĸ޴ֱ
ָһ쾦űʯģ漴ỮмֵĲϱ㱻Ǭ
ˣǬİ޳ռϵٶҪңٶȸܵԪ޻֮ɣŵԪǿ
ͷˣĲӦҲǺ쾦ĳѨ뾡ܶɱ쾦ֻн֮С
޳⡣
ֻʱ䣬Ҫȡõһ޳¾׼뿪֧Ȼһɢʶ𣺡Сӣʹôеɱޣ̫Ȥˣ
޳һ֪ۼʶԼԪҪԼǿ򱶣ʲô⣿
ɲ˵̬ȰԪϾص
˵޳ںת
Դӳְ϶Ȼ֮Ԫʱʱðɧšһ޳ԭȵĲмһȫͬ
˼޳ó˽ۣһ﴿еģҪ˽ƶѡǲԼµһķԼˡ
׼Ԫһ㣬޳𽻵ռϷ硭
ҿ壬֪ô𾴳°ܻĳСӡ
ԪһαñףһԹ糱ˮӿ޳ֵ߲ؼ·գԪֻһεЭˣΪףٳûܵõͻƣѵû쾦츳ܣ
ú쾦
޳üͷһ壬Լ뵽ʲôȴץص㡣
Ԫҵ˻ᣬ˸߲ҵؽѵ߽ǽһΪףν޷Ǿļˣ㻹ף
𵴡
޳Ժһ֣
⺣˵ܹϵسĴ̼ҲǸõĴңҲڲϵصֿ֮еõձüΪҪҲˡ
ԪصûƷϵҩȥҲҪü²ͻƣ


47 
޳ûӣŨҵ˷֮⡣˷֮һͣü쾦ĺǿȸ˵ңҪ»
һֻֻ쾦Ȼ㲻ȥһЩôԪӵǧб˵İҪѰһ쾦ЩĳѨף
޳뵽˵ԪѰҴɽѨ֮£¶һĨЦ⣺лԪ˿Ԯˡ
ٺ٣Сһ׮С¡ҿ
޳޳صл֮̽ע뵽Ԫ֮УٵسܳѨ̽
Ԫ鷢֣ԼԸˣļһһƨۣȻԼ

ԪǶ֮飬İܵõʮɵطӡ֮£޳ޱȣգ۹׼ȷ̽һеĺ쾦
һһЩ̽˵Ĳڴٵд˼֣
˴к쾦ֻ
˴쾦ֻ
˴쾦ʮֻ
޼ҺսӵӼ֮һܹɱЧʡ

޳һͣнס¶һĨ֮⣬֮̽£ٵϢڡ
乾һֻ쾦𡭡üһ
뻢ѨɵûӡԪ˷ˣ໴󺰣Сӣү壡壡
޳һҧ룬߰ݺݵسһƣֻú¡¡֮һʯڱ˸ʵʵ
Сӡúݣ
Ԫ鰵˿ڿˮ޳ⲻǷֹĺ쾦ɳԼĺ·Ҳնˡ
Ϊϧվ
ȺݾǼ˺ˣԪҲǲ¶һĨ𺳡
˻˻˻
һ̤޳һĿһ޴Բ񷶥񷶥ϵ£һֲٸѨÿһѨ֮жһԺɫľâ˸
׼ۼһĻʱ޳ǲз飬һɺⷺ׵Щ⡣
·ܵϢĴ̼һֻֻ쾦˹֪˭һγֻ쾦зХ˫ľ޳
أ
޳񣬽ͳͳųʶż˵һľ磬͵سǰȥ
ȵһֻ쾦ʱߵ÷ɵȥײֻͬ顣
СӣУҪǵ壬㲻ɱ¾ɰﲻ㡣Ԫ黹Ͼ㡣
ҪɱǣĿɾСүˣ޳æһȭҷ˴Ӳһֻ쾦ȻӦÿ죬һƤ⻹Ǳݺݵ˺ѿ
ѪϢɢеĺ쾦Ƿˣ˻˻ڶٵɫض޳
ȥռһѨ˵ЩӶԼϳúءԪѵռһѨ츳ܽ
޳˲ϸ˼һΣӰ˳ȥһȥĺ쾦Ⱥһǵϵͣ¾һ뱻Ӱȥ
ۣ
һɲǣӰֻ֪צץѪ֮Ļ˲֪ٻˣֻһζ漴ָԶ
쾦ŭˣܵĪƣӷسŷӰ˺Ѷȥô˼϶޳һнӰֱ·ֻ쾦ٶһԽʮɵľ롣
⣡
޳½ٵسͷеĳѨȥеѨȻλȴǼѣĳѨжβСľ룬ѹ
ԥ޳糤ӥӹһбߣ˶ѨԵ
Сģ
ʶԪѣ޳ʶһӣս֣ݺݵصǰ
أ
޳ֻо·ӭ汻һʯУǿ͵ľȻϮѪһڣܵüҪѪ
޳´һΪݵĳǶȣһ˲˲ǰ
ˣˡ
޳ǰһһֻһ˰ߵĺ쾦ѰͬȫͬҪߴ࣬иǻһƬ˸ĳǻ۵Ĺâ
ֻ쾦̵ֶֻǰ֫һ㣬ָȭΣȻԿĺۼ

޳һ͵һеޱ仯ҪΪ壬һҪǻۣѷɫǻۣ
ǰֻ޺ԾǴ࣬ΪޣʵȴûܴﵽΪεĳ̶ȣҲ㲻塣
ˣǵʵҲﵽ˰˽ײΣ˿ѷɫκ޷磡
ֻֻСආˣ㿴ǰֻԪѵ
޳ѭָʾȥֻǰһѺġëת˹ϸǷһֻ;޴ĺ쾦
ֻ쾦ͨ嶼ĳëǣǰһϥֱ治ǽڵ


48 շ
ˣ࣬
Ȼֻë쾦з˼ɬޱȵĴȻѾɹǻļ⣬ܹԣ
ֻ˽׺쾦кâʢһǰ֫͵سһģһǿ͵˸ձϮ޳
似
޳һֻ쾦ʩչķĳ似ǿ͵þˣ˿ѷɫ似
һΣ޳ޱȵر֣ܿսȻʮŵɽһ쾦𡪡
Ӱݣɽ
һг֣޳㽫ɱʩչ˿֪һֻ֪ǳĺ쾦ԿţݲԼ⡣
㣡ë쾦Ŀоâһ
ϧѵһЩսһѤĹâݺݵնʱһǵͷ­
𣡡
ë쾦𷢳ŭ׳֫͵ضأϳĻ֮޳
һٽһǰ֫ͬĻ˸ŨצһĻһ
ͬʱзһХХΪʵʣֱ޳ؿڡ
࣬𣡡
ЮųŽԪڵΪټ츳ܣë쾦㹻һлɱ޳ΪԼͽ
ǰֻһߣֶٹ죬ҲԽ׶ԿԼ
оŨҵѪϢӭŶԷǵ̺ɱ޳Ʒɶʮ˺ɱ֮һɷ·Ҫһͳͳ˺ĿϢϱӿ
Ϊޣë쾦֪ΪԱܵһɾ⡣ûӦ޳΢е˫Ȼһͳĺ𡪡
Ԫʮ䣡
䣡
޳һȭʮ˺ɱ֮ʱצӣεĺХ˺ѿ
·ûκȴƻɱ±
ۣë쾦ؿڱһನУǿ˿û𵽷ãƬĳëɣѪҺɽա
žŵɫһƽһֻ쾦޳ԼɿسųѨȥ
ؼʱ̣Ҫͬ࣬ΪԼһ
ߣ޴
޳һΣٶȷɳһӰӭ˰˽׺쾦ǰܹһ๦ռ˳䲻Ȼ˿սһн
ʩչӰݣʮɾһٵ׷˳ë쾦ԥۣһеԪʮ
ˣ
ܵٽֻë쾦иŨҵĿ־֮⣬ĵۺ÷ҡ
СӣšԪȻֹһ
޳ûгɣ
ë쾦۾ֱתһ׹ȻܲԸ޳״ĵԪʮ˵ѹ䣡
໣ҽ
ë쾦һͷʱߣ߷Ѫһͣվۼüġ
ȡ˿㣬ʳָüһһʱһöƴСͨ˸˫ɫâĹŹַĳڰա
һֻߴﵽλ޲ֻۣ쾦ЩŹ֣Ҳǿۡ
Ԫָ㽫Ӵ֮ȫٿһ֮䣬ᱳѡ
޳ӣסüһ㣬ʱоһעʶûκֻöʶԴ޳֪һɿ񱩵Ϣ
֮£ײһ£
أ
ë쾦𷢳һҽУʹùһţû˰֮ɫеֻ޾Ŀ־塣
ã
޳¶һĨŨҵľϲⱾ˹ã˵ÿۼһöͶһ֣
Сӣͷ
Ԫһ۾ͿĴ㣬ϵشÿһö궼Ǿ޴ĸλ޵룬ֻʶᱻѹɷ飡
޳ڨڨһЦ漴óë쾦˽ͬ˳ѨϢ֮ԾԾԣ
ڣǿԿʼͻ˰
޳Ѩ֮Уվųë쾦һëѾ¶˽ɫƤ
˿޳֮Ҳ¶һĨţ𣬿ʼɡ
޳֡
˳ӵֱͦ壬ظ֮зһХХ糱񷶥̶ˮйذشķ
𣡡
⴦еĺ쾦ѱշʱ˫ᣬзһŭΰХ
¡һ·һڴؿڡ
޳ѽܲȫˣһǿ͵˼ĳǽõ𣬺ݺݵ˳Ѩ֮ϡ
ۡ
޳̲סѪ𵴸УһѪ


49 
ٺ٣ζܰɣҪ߽ݾҪ˳ܲ˵ʹСԪôЩֻ
޳һĨ촽ѪȾ˴оóһײ֮£ƤĤÿһ𵴣΢Сϸ𶯡
ҪһԸоóЩ
ѵ⺣ۣܰҲЧ޳¶˼ȵľϲ֮ɫ
վԭأתһȹסѪ޳Ŀᶨߵ˳Ѩ֮ǰ

һϯ
һ޳˾飬תǹʵĳ֮ʣ֮ʣĴųڡ
ͬȴҪǿٱһ壬ʼɢ𵴿
֮⣬ֱҪÿһɷĩ˹ҪΪַۣƮɢ
޳ԼҪֱӳˣĻ̸Ͻ

Ŀ˰Σ޳ϸϸһĺôĳˢ֮£ȷʵҪ˲١
˵ԭȵһ֧ߵĻڵɾǽʳ˫ɵϸ
ǲ
޳һηĺ쾦γ
ʱϵ֮¹ü죬̶һʱڣ޳ǧε
ǿȲҪ˵ˣǶĺ쾦Ⱥ˸㹻ܹ츳ܵĻǾҪѪˡ
ڼ䣬Ϊ޳һѵɫǵʳã޳طֵ۲ѪЧǾ˿Ʒҩ
ԪŹ㲩ϳһѨޡ޹㡱ѣֱʳǴ֮Ϊǣ޳Ҳ޷֤ǿȵ²嵹

ৣ
޳˫Ȼݺݵسȭǰ海ȥһȭΪŹ֣ٶȿþˣƫƫһޱȵĴƺܹǰÿһ켣
ˣ
ȭͷٿȻڰգ·еĲ޵Ŀʵʵǽڣһεƽ״忪ٿ֮䲨ɿ⡣
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ȷЧҲޱȾˣʹﵽ˰ĲΣ޳һмصһɱСӡ
һӡҪԶԶǿԪתڽɱ֮ʱǾޱȡ
⣬Ϊ˳ͻƵ߽ײΣﵽڣ
ϲˣɣԽ¶˷ǳԻĽ֮顣
Ҫ˵һʼڳ޳ٻЩĻôڶ̶ദ֮ǳ׵û˰㲻
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Ž׵Ϊо־Ϣ
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޳һʶ˼ǳȥ𶴡޳ЩΪѣΪÿ쾦𶼲ܳ𶴣Ǽ𶴵ơ
ҪϽ𣬱ϾһŽΪĴ֡
СӣҪǾ鷳ֱӰһˡȻΪֻоŽףȲͷ飬ǶҲǸ棬ĵԪЩôԪں顣
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ҲУ𶴵ƣ޳ɻ
ƣҲԪˣԪܲ޳Լ
޳֪һȻƨһ㣬ʱǺܿ׵ġ
˼䣬ӳѨȡһֻƤװһӺ쾦ۣЩҵͬȥ֮µģˡ
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ĺˣҲٶǳ֡޳ŵ˳ֽӹƤĺ쾦ۼ࣬һǧֻ
ӴҲȵˡ
Ȼɱ쾦ܹõ֮ǿԪͨ쾦ĵȼߣ¾ɱֻ𵽵ЧҲΪޡ
֮ʣ޳ɨһĳѨһ߾޴ĺ쾦ʬߵĽҪִһš
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50 
СӺֻ쾦ʵѾСˣɣǵԴļһﶼ˿áҪҿ㻹ֱԾʹЩ
ԪƷܹﵽŽ׶Ϊˣֻܹﵽط졭
޳ȣǰХĿʣϧûлú
Щ֮ܣֻ֪λǿȴ֪λͬи֮֡
ԪϲľǾӸµر޳֪оŽףλ־أһؾǡһﵽ磬γɡСӣֻҪһ֣һʳ¯ʬ塣
޳һ񺮣ȻԪݵЩģȴҲ˹ŲĪյľ磺ԭǾСɡ
ҪﵽȴﵽŽףӵԪԪˮϵγʱ޿̲ڵ
ǹŲ񷣬γɵǻȫ߷һŽ˲һ̲֭ˮ
Ԫ鲻ʧʱشȻˣЩС͹ˣҪΪλǿߣҲ֪Ǻµˡ
޳Զһϻǰ쾦ʬĿдЩ֮⡣ʲô壬ܹﵽλֵ𾴡
ףʲô޳ʬĵǰһ̺õͼ֡
ǰĵãϧұûȫ򡣡ص
޳뵽֮ǰʱһȲģ
ϸĬ飬޳ƪԼ似ȫԺ߰ɣȥ֮ʲôɵһָ㡣
лˡϲ֮Ҫ޳һҪԭҲǲƿ
Ͼûг׽Ϊ壬츳Զ࣬Ⱥ֮Ҳû˿Ը֪ۡҪʱлͻơ
ò޳Ųһ٣ϡǰ΢ĺ֮żϤ
ٿȻһ½㣡

һƬΪɽȣݺʮɽбߴľӼһֱ룬ܴ±ڴɽȡ
ɽмλãǲбڶԫսĴִиʬǣ׳ƵġĹ
ҪĹ̺ĲƸȴޱȾˣгԽļ似ڣܷ֣ȫȻҪˡ
һƬϣڽŵضšһ֧ͷ޼ңȴ޳ʣµ˶ˡ
Ƕ˷֮ˣϡԡңȻ϶֮УȴҲǵڶݶӼеٮٮߡ
Ա߻壬ʵ㣬ȴǲҲ֮Ľ档
һɭÿ޼սӷ֣ѵһţ
¶ӳ⻰ɾ˵ˡҸӳὭЦΨԵߵ֮ǷҼʱ֤Ƿҡ
˵Ƿҵ˺ǵˣŭ߳
ʵҲԵֵһءὭϾЦŶ֮˵϶ӳ׶ӳԶӳΪԷ񣿡
ϼҶӳٺһЦǡҲ׷׵ͷ
룬ҵӻһϵشһǱֱѵ
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ī죬ѵҲҪΪһϼվڷҶв֣ҵѡȴһ
¶ӳ⻰˵úЦʲôΪ
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ʶʱΪܣҲȰ޼ûǾңҲΪ
գǻĿŵضԿ޼ңǷչֳ˰˽ΪֱͨѡΪ״ӣλˮǴߡ
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Ҫ˶ã޼Ҿͻᱻҳ̲ˣһлᣬʼҿ£
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¶ӳúǽüҪһôὭЦصѵһ㲻ô
䣬һ׵籬
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¶ӳʵɣϼҶӳȻһޱֱŭ
ī֣似âǵӿ


51 ˭ң
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޼֮˷Ӧһ˲ǼȺµķǿ͵ʱ÷˳ȥ
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ܡºԼоޱȰĵϢؾҪڡ
޳ֹһСԪ˹ȥҪ˵һҡ
򵥵һ仰ȴǴĪ˰ĵϢһлҡӿһɰ֮⣬ѹڼϵص֪ʱȻж¡
ĨȥǵʺѪ޳̧ͷƽǴһʱȴǽ˲·һͷɡ
޳ҪʲôīһɫغȵҪˣǷͬˣսֹһ֮ͬ£ܵ˹洦𣿡
ͬˣ
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ȭ磬
޳̫ˣ浱㲻ɣīұһתݺݵ˳ȥҾƣ
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һɿȻ޳Խ׵սǰīѾﵽ߽۷ڵΪټϽ˶似ƷǾ޳ܹƿ
飡
޳ȭ䣬ԭ䣬ֱۻһش£ľֱӽƵȻɷ飬ನصسϡ
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ۣ
϶ӳû뵽޳Ĺ˿ͣʱײؿڣֻһ죬߹Ǳײ˲֪ٸ
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˭ң
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һ̣Щվλ׼ʩչ󷨵ķҵӵ˵ͷƤڷ顣
ʵǿĲǳ߽װˣὭ˴Ϊ磬ɾǿ֣ȴûܵסһ޳ĽŲø˵ľ桭
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52 Ĺ
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һ޳ľһЦǵӰƵص㲢ʲô֮
Ҹһᣬҷҿͷϴҿ
һѵĿľϲ̤£ÿһǲʵȻղϲɽƹֱ¡
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ͨԥһ£Цʦãֲǲ֪ʦľҳֵĻɾͽʦļƻȫƻˡ
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ɣҲôġ޳ЦţֻЦȴǱ쳣һ޿񱩵ɱ
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ģҪ˵ǰμĵˣ¾λǿ߶Ҫӡ


53 ֶξ
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ܣӣƷĴڣ
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˳֮£ս˲أ
٣ң
ԼҶӳһµܸס˽֮նȥò׸˳࣬һͷԱʱסĲ
һҲûͣһȳǰȥ

ȻһԭࡣǴСǻ󣬴δΣգæ֮±һ򣬶ʱˤڵء
Զֻ̰Ĺâ͵һԴǱȥУĺ쾦Ⱥֻвʮɵľ롣
¼лһһ֣
ʦã
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ˣ
ͨۿҪѿĻȫдǣҲ˵ҵӰȫ֮Ƿʱĵ㹻ʦһٱˡ
һҧ͵ػͷ˹ȥ
ৣһ죬Ǽǻζ֮±ߡÿӰʱͨһĿ¶ǿҵľϲ֮⣺Сӣʦûпˣ
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һ뵽ԼҪ븹гԵͻ񺮣ʹ죡
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Ҫҵľ֮ҲؼڴʱΣͷȴЦ漴һӰٵ¡
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ĸŮĸŮΣͷӴԼѣ
һ̣޳мֱǻӲӣӢһлˡ
ϧ޳³ĶȴǻеĻ롣

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ͨ죺޳쵰
޳ùʲôΣͬʱȵ֣ͨߣ
ͨϵ޳ߣ״Ҳ˲Ͽף͵صͷαӶءͻȻִͷཬбסȥ·

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ͬʱһ޳дֻܳͻȻϣµܷ˳ƵĲҺǱȥ
ͨһȻ󲨣¿ǰûп޳õĺֶΣ֪ս֮У޳ҪǴɱԼʲô
һǿҵͷӿǲִϣսˣ޳ҲԿɣ
λ޼׻˶ٵƣ
ͨԾȥ֮һҪȰ峤޳չֳʵֵ޼϶һѣ

ݣݣ
Ӱٵӹؾ룬һ·зɵýϿĺ쾦Ҫ˻ϧûǽӴ޳ͱεʳһѪĭ
Σͷֻеһ֣ԣ޳Ҳ˲ڲʵʩչ˵Ԫ䡣
ʮ˺ɱ֮ܲɷΧڣγɱ¾Ԫ䵹ЩλǿߵֻҪࡣ
޳Եɣٵõ֮ȵԪڶ㣬ֲͬնˡ
䣡
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¡¡֮ʯ䣬Щ쾦Ҫ봳Ҳһʱˡ
˿޳ֽ£һƨڵءͨΪǱֱ̱˵ϣڴڵش
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54 ػػ
һ
㲻ȣΰۣĿ̲סӹһĨ⡣Ǽ޳ƣӣֲЩ׷ǹʣĸԸðΣԼ
޳κεﶼҪô򶯷ġ
㡣
ݳһ鵤ƿӣһ׳
޳Ҳ˳ֽӹ˿УоɲٶȻظ
׳˵ͬƷҩôСԪ㣬ս֮඼ʹãܹٵزһȱ
ʦãʦҲȥ㣬ɲܺ˱˰ֽͨеرԹҪСɣˡء
û˵꣬Ѿͨ죬һ׳˹ȥס죬յص˵˵Ҿ͸ߵ˵۸ң
ͨæͷʮ־֣͸¶ȴŨŨЦ⡭
൱ð۰ȻóǾ˽֮޳Ҳ˺ܴĺøУһɨǰӡ
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Ϊʧ̬˹֪ĵľˣ
ʱӦǳ˻ȥҲӳԶŷ֡ʱ쾦Ⱥ׷üȷʱѾˡһһʮ档
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ҶɣҪôʹ𡣡᳤˵ˣص§ԼĿк᣺ֻ飬Ե޷ְ
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תȻﲻ٣ҷȴı䣡մһҾȢŮӣ縸
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Ŀ˾صؿΪ޵óǶĬĬͷԷӡá
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ȻһƬɪ˵Уһŭһ䣬һش˷ؿڣɫ䣡


55 

һȵǵӰбȵĿϲӯ갮֮ʣΨһŲµľŮҲӾ񡭡
Լ԰޵ĳŵŵŮһƽ
ԣŻῴз²Ϊ˼棬Ϊ˸Ůһܹӡ

һǳ˲٣Բ𣬵Բ𡣡
֪ԼΪʲôҪ˵Բֻǿ·˲˵ӣҲ̲סɬ
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쾦ʵǿɱɲףһǼƲݿնɣԲ׽ĳЩ֮к쾦ۼܶ࣬һСԼҲᶪ
ԣϼҵʵҲˡ
׼ңһʮţ
Լңٿš
޼ҡ˰ٿţ˵ó˰ΣŴЩԾ֣޼ҶҲİٿŵӣȴһ
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˹ؼʱ̣˶֮󣬲ŵ̧ͷһǧһٿţ

ս¶Ǻݺݳһ꼴ʹȡõһҲǽӽһǧŵӣȴҪ󳬳ˡ
ע⵽ʱǰͷλ겻һŰƥоŽǿߵΪ뼫𶴣Ȼռ˼Ȼ
һ޼ҪˣĲͷ˾ˣ
ҷҿɲˡ᳤ִЦһߣʲôƨ壬ջҪʵ
ҷȡһ˭˵֣
ХĬȴҧռĿЩЩΣٸһʱ䣬зŵķݣ
æ˽Ĳͷ͵ҷҡŶǲĻҷҿȡ
˵ⷬ󣬷᳤һ˦䣬ʹתȥ
峤ôô
ʱһº͵дЩɻ󣺡ƺδɣ


56 ǿʶ
һ˵޳۽Ǽⶼڳ鶯ҪһеĹâԼһˣƫƫһӪҶ˹ȥ
иֳһ˿ȵĺ⣺ûòĵĻδرգԳʱȥɱֻܷתܾ֣
һЦ޳ȫӭóϵĿ⣬Ṱ˹֣ؽ󲼴׳ⳤϣ޼һһ쾦δ㣬ͳˡ
һʱȫѻȸ˶͵ؿֻĲղ޳𶴳֮ʱ񲼴һֱ࣬˭û⣬ѵ
װľȻǺ쾦ۣ
ܣСƣƴаοԼ
ⳤϺһ˿ɻ󣬻ش˲ʱֵ磬һУʱһȪƵĹâ𣬺һϺõĲɴ
ܣ
һϳɳصⳤϿбϺ̽ͷ˹ÿ֮ͬ˵
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ʱһλֶ£ڵĺ쾦ۡһȫ㵹˳ҫ۵ĺʱ̨
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ָõһЩ棬һҲ޳Ȼ顣صĺ쾦ۣҪ˵ˣ㽫ϰԵȼջӣҲǱȲ޳һˣ
Ըķ䣬򲻹Ҫϡ޳Ͼüصû̹
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Ȼڳ޳ĹݣŲͱҪάסĻ޳칤Ҫӡ
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۾һĵ޳޳ҪҷûиᣬֻҪңεһ͹޼ңΣ
٣޼֮˭֪ʲôΪ˲ݵֶΣõô쾦ۣ
ǣǷսһһ˶ֻɱʮֻεºɱôࣿ϶ʹթ
ԣ˵޼ҽռĺ쾦Ĵ𶴣ں޳ܵܳһǽ˳䣡
֮Խ˵Խ˷ܣָ糱ˮӿ
죡
ХһϺȣϵĿɨֹʱϢģûĸҳϵԡ
Хصһߣ޳ɡЩ˼Ȼ䲻Ǳʽ͵ιˡ
᳤̵һŭɫӲǻƤߣ޼һڵĻᣬȴǷҪֵ˭
ףȻ޼ˣҿҲҪ̫ˣñ˵ҷҽΪսѹˣ̫ԵЦ
صͷ᳤αֱؿһ޼ˣתȥ
ڴʱһεȴȻ𣺡˵˭ӦǷ뿪ģ


57 ֮ϲ
᳤嶸Ȼһô֮˶ǴסˣһĿͶ
һ¶һĨЦ⣬ЦݵĮ֮дޱȵֻһֻ³ҪߣҲǷ˵Ĳͷǡ
˵ʲôȻת˫ĿжȻһ˿ɱϲɫ
ѵ֮ҲʹôȻ
޳ϴŵĳŪ֮⣬սһĸ֣ٿȻתݣСүʹ

ս͵صɴ۾оһƬţλ޼ȻӦսˣ
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ĪһͣһŷɭȻص˵ͷ޳ڿһʬ塣
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޳Ӧ˱ԣХҲûֹ漴ⳤϰţӿ̨һյ
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Ų΢΢룬Ȼǿװ侲ȴǳǵݵӰЦ꣬ǶԵģүүˣ۹㰡
Ȼǰƶϱ޳ıȫƷǹŲȴûһ㲻죬еֻŨŨĿο



58 ʤ׷
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ǼҪԼǲˣôܣ޼үţҲܻܷɣ
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һ۱ը飬ŴһĽۡ޳ȻҲΪǱǱȴ˲֪١
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ۣ޳еؿһƣһ˲䱻룬һѪ˳ĿǵӰһݣΪɱ³ƥ
᳤㻹ҪҪ
Хŭ͵һΣӰ˳ڰգָһıһɫĳ
漴ʳָڳһߵӰֵգָһץһлӰХбһ˷᳤
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᳤ǰµӡһһʮָ趯սһȭͷСӡһХһ
һǽ棬һ䣬֮¶һĨļɵ֪ΪХȷʵҪʤԼһԷȽаȴơ
սܾ֣֮


59 үƾ
ߣһԣﾹȻϾɱûаͬ壿᳤֪ԼռԶȸ״
峤˵Ц𣿡
޳֪ҵĵҪʤԼңǴʱ֮Ȼɼʧǿѹͷɱ⣬ǴһĨŪ֮⣺ǰҿڿ޼ҵһԷڡǶӿһֶû˵Ҿô֣˭ܱ֤ǷҲб˵ǣһ쿪Ϻϵף޼ҿûôпˣ
㡪᳤ɫ࣬޳⻰һֶûУȴֶںݺݵس
ûб£峤̨ɡ޳ĦһȭͷƤ񣬿һʱԽˡ峤ؿҲúùܽ
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ĪյЦݳʧŹŲ񷣬֮ɫΡŲЦ嵭ȴǷֺã˹ȥ

ȻĪշЦһסοٵʧԶŸѡɲþżеõôĪ̫磬Ҫʱջϲһ˥ܲס
ͨԽԽˡ̲סüŭص
Ѿͷ⣬ԽˣԽǴˡŲǵһЦĿͶ˲Զ޳һЩԴϵĳʲôСڣ˴ż֮У칤ռӦõһݣ
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޳֪Ϸˣһ뵽үүƽȬ̲֮סͷӹһĨȡ
Ųһӣһȵס޳һչΣŹ곯շȥȫΧ±գۼʮɾƮ


60 ƻ
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Ųԭȴû뵽ͲӰȫ˸ɾЦҡͷŮ򰡣
ʮˮԪ
޳һʹɹʲǰٷְ٣ʮˮԪҲʮλǿ߰ɣһλǿ߾۰һǣʮʲô
ûô򵥡꿴޳˼һйżϢʱķӦͬˡ
żµַȻǧ֮ãżưܲȻǿʮϵ߸޷ˮԪڵأ
ҪӽˮԪŽ֣ʩչķĻܵǿĹңʹÿһһҲǻˮԪ
޳Ȼ칤ΪǵѡͨΪΰֹٰأ칤ѾѡһԼˡ
ͬʱһɻָͷżʲô
Ų񷻥һۣŹֵҡҡͷǹŲЦŵСһлĻ㻹Ҫȥߣսã׻С˵㣬̸ܽĶΪޡ֪ǽµжô
޳ҡͷ
ϷҲ֪
Ųò˵˾ϻıΪࣺϷ֪λһصʵմһҲ޷Ԫʮ֮һ
һλǿߵܹ꣬УʹˣһҲ޷̽ʮ֮һ֪Ԫ絽ж
ԪУɡҡȵͬطвͬͳߡΪ˸õػֱ˴ʵһԼ׳ɵı׼ƣ


61 Ĵ
͵һٵߵľ˴˽λɭϣͬͳⷽĻżǡšڵأûб֮ǰѾﵽǵĲΣ
޳ԾЩ׶ţսղصĵ伮֮дûйءʵ֪칤뼸ǣ

Ųıһ¶˼Σεص޳һۣСӣĺĺ
һ֣Цǿסͨ죬ð̿صҪΪ͵һҪӵһгɵǿߣ칤ȴûйʸ񡣡
У
޳˿ΪιŲıǰŹˣûаֳЦķһŨŨ𾪣ս˶ԣ칤ȻȻˣ͵һǶûܽ룡
֪վڽľɸǺεǿ
һ޳ʵ֪ڿ뼸ǣ
ؿһۣŲһĨͬ飬ǶڣССǧվڽ޷ҡޱ
ʽţѪ޵ĵڣҵʵӶ˵սۼǼǾǡǣ
޳һ񱻾ʯһ£
Լͨǵδǡв۸߸ϵǣѵôô
Ժֹĸȥǰʹϧ޳ĺݺݵس鴤һ£һĨ֮ɫȼգ޳ģǰ·ѣɱ¾̤ǧʬǣҲı˳
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У޳ڵĺȫͼν־ʹǿҲͽЦ
ŲԭҪ޳Ϊ칤ϵͷȻȥ޳պǳʲô鷳۵칤
ǣ̬䵭˼֣ˣ֮ż֮ʱʱϷѾͷ㡣ֻҪ칤ˮԪһſԹ㡣Ѿͷ߰ɡ
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˵޳ȻǸôȴ칤
Щܵؿһүүԥһ£⼸úõϢż֮ڳˮԪһЩʱңһʵһʤ㡣
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װ˺ü竣Ķ졣ȻŲ̬ȱ仯ϸ΢޳ҲǿһЩߣ֪֮£һǿҵֱܡ
Σ
ƫţ

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յɱɾǵԪ䣬ƾȫԾɱŽǿߡ
޳˼⣺⣬йӰݣԪֻҪϰ벽λǿߣŽ֮ûж֣
Ԫãȴ̫޷̫ʱ䡭˵ż֮зգǲСˣ̶죬Ԫڰת纣ܼԹ̣սǲС
ԣһԪڰת
޳һսԶ֣ڣԴХ콫ս͸֮޳
ԭ޳ԼռսЩ˴֮УһƷľӲøүүʹá
Ϊһ
޳һһɫĹâ֣漴ý˶Ծ˳̶գǷһЩ΢ı仯ԭȻһЩ΢СëȻȫʧϵëȫԵùһƬ
ԪгԻؿڣµҿһۣȻܾԪġ
޳ԸصصͷýһԺ֮⡣

ͣ͡
лӹͬڽԿΪϵԭ޳ÿһӳޱȻ·ǧصֺձճ͵ˮޱȷ
Ԫתİ˲䱬תǽתǽһĳÿӹһ룬ʵһ֡
޳ƣȻδһ˿йεĽȴǳաģԺ֮жӯϵĳϯ𣬷׷ա
һֻӹϿգ嶸Ȼֱҽе£ë˸ɸɾʮɸߣܶ֪жǿ
˿޳Ӱģ˼֣ӰӰ´µ÷·𱻰֮СϸĻȴǲһЩͨ͸һſϸˮӣܹ˵ӰӳС



62 ޳ģ
Ψо֮ͨܿ£ǷΪĽ
һеˮǧţκһŶԶɱ׵ߡǧһ𱬷ʲô
ԣԽǸԽԡ
һ׻ڵǿߣܹû¾ߣ߻ûƲ߽ߵף
һףʵر
ˣԽϣĵ·ԽխܹǶ֮޲ӵд֮
𣡡
Ȼ䣬һԺ漴һɫצӰϰգٵرһָ
޳һæȵס֣үүԼˣ
һαӳԺ䣬ֻХ֮ϣԻվ¡ü޳³Ծʵʲô
Хû˵ָĽҲǰδȻԽǱܵ¶˼ɵ
һƲδȫ̳޳һۣæηһߡ
үү֮շġ𡯡޳ЦŽ͵ǷĺˣѾı˵ǡǶҵס
صͷŬҪʾ⣬Ǳ
޳ĽͣХǵɴ۾Żعüһ˵ǿֻλ޲ѵ
βסеĿϲ޼Ҷһλǿߣô˼ɷң
ǣֻЩˣʵĿǰǾŽײΡ
޳ҡͷԪ͹ѰƷ޳֮󶥶ﵽŽף
ǽͬڡޡֻ˵λ쾦ͬһڡƷȻƷδõδȴ˺ܶԣλʵҲΪ档
ԭˡ
Хͷ޳֮дŨŨ뽾
շ޿ɲһ򵥵飬ǴС󣬷Ļ޾˳ӡСĻķѵԴǼΪӴ󣬾ѷɫһǿߣ
ڣ޵ˣļɾԭʵ̫ˡǣԼշһֻŽޣ
շޣһӢ۾޼ж˴ջɲСء
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޳üģ֪үôȻת˻⣬ҸСֻ˼棬֮г֣ҲֻΪҴæ
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Х˰֣Ŀƣ峤ǹĨǵҹң˼ҵһŷĿ޼Сӵˡ
ԪǿΪ𣬷ҲǼΪţХ첢Լǰ̸ЩʲôסԼĳ㣬ͷȻԵá
޳Ȼ
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Ϊľ޴ʹ࣬ʱ޿̲ҧģ
ҪڣǣɢԼŮļͥôݵ֮ģҪǣνѪк֮Ҫǣʲôƨʲôϣһ˵ҸøҪ
޳ÿһֶǴ֮бųɭȻѪһĨŨѪ˫·Ҳ¡
֪·жߣ
Х컺۾ס촽΢
˽ԼȻһװ꣬ôûܹı䡣˵ף밮׻һģ̳ġ
ǰǿýۣ
ߵ·ֻҪþһǧһֵȥߣչͨġ
޳ص
޶˵ؾԼޣ޳赭дĻشУ·𿴵ǧɽѹҲһҧӲż̤ص
⣬жķǰ
д־үү㣡Х֣صصǱߣǰȥܡ
ллүү
޳ԺȻӰ̾Ĭ峤ǰүүܻ˵ɡ
ӹŲȷ֪ڵжǿ֮޳ȴǲԼѡ񡭡


63 ʮ
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޳һ򵥵սۣԵޱȣХ֪칤ԼҲС
꣬ᵽСһһֻӥϣһ°΢еһöָӸµص
޳ܷʦ֣Ϊ칤һпǵһˣˡʮܡ
æܷʦ֣λǡ
ýˡܷϵҶûȤ˴ż֮к󣬴Ҳʲô
˰
޳΢΢üδϣǹıԵúΡ
үүп£һ£ʱһˮԪ޳֣صصౣء
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޳
Ȼ䣬һŭȴֻһ׳Ӱݺݵһȭؿڡ
޳һˣûܣƾһȭصԼϡۣһѪ޳嵹˳ȥص˵ϡ
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ʦ˵ǲԸⱻ̫࣬ѡ뿪սͨص
һŮӣСս˳ôУ޳ŭ㻹ҳƤ
Сӻмġ޳鼱֮״ͨˣмֲƣĺˣʦǴʦƾ֤ȥĵ
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޳뵽شСԪԼʲôܹ˳ս˿ɲһ׵飬Ҳûҵĵȴ޲顣
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Щ㣡ͨӹһʦǰЩҪ㡭Сӣ治֪ʦϱǷʲô
޳򿪰ȻһĵҩСԪ׳Ѫɢ
ʹ峤ĵλҪ⶯ô൤ҩףǸѾͷǽҲر˰ɣ뵽ǸԼ쵰Ů޳й˵ɬ
СӸҼסˣͨݺݵصܾԭҲ֪պҪԸôʱ򵨸ҸʦõĻӾҧҲҪ
˵գͨүʩһ񣬵ͷߣ
ĬĬΣ޳ʰһ飺߰ɡ
µЩԭίкȻЩ˵ζתһЦҵӥ㡣
޳Ҳ飬ԾϣɹԼһաۿ˹һӥܷһЩ

û뵽ССսˣҲЩŮ鳤Ȥ
Уܷӥ˴Цңȴûܴɢ
޳΢΢üʱȻøܷƽϡڣܲˬǣ޳ص֮⣬ʮһмĶŮ鳤ˣ֪㾭˶ٻأ
ܷһ䣬ڹǰ򲻻ԼˡŮ鳤ŭһ˦䣬ʹӥƫˡ
һ
ҡҡͷܷʦֿɲս˵ķżڼȻڻ֣ѱǺޡ
һΪƣǲңȻᡣ޳ص
ȻʧЦ޳⻰Щ֪ߵغˡԥһ£ίѵŽ֮£ܹԽһսоһˡǾŽ׵벽λȴżĺ蹵ǿ츳ܹ
ǷȻ츳ʦͬǿҲܹԽսеţΪʵʵľŽף
޳˼˼Ȼɵܷ壬ȴǶԹЩм
Χżоǳأǳʮµйһѡܳʮˣ˵ġʮܡܷʦеڰλ


64 ܷġָ㡱
ޣ
ܷʵ¶ѷɫչǰĴһҶˣû뵽ǰ滹߸ˣ޳ŨȤ˭
سǵѩãǵ飬ĽǵĽ˫ǣǵŷ嶾ǵĴӣԼλ
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Īٳ壿Īյʲôˣ޳˹غͨȻܷ֮ǰҲ˵һıȽϣ칤һ
Īյӣ˾һ񹦣ĪյΪ򴫳˴룬ĪʱΪɫ꿴һǰܷ壬ĵصʦǰ佻֣ȴǲҰճ
ˣһСֳǵϧһĳǵȡЩ˶ǾŽΪȴи֣֮õڶ˵齣ֻҪһбնɱʮȣ
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ԣżǧǵòǵˣĻ칤ӵżʸҲ޷˳õˮԪ
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Ԫ鴫ǰͰҲʮ֮ǰﵽ벽λȻôٻѸʮʱ䣬Ҳǿǿλ޼սҲһλˡ
˵ʲô취Կҵʵ
Ԫѣ޳Ƶصˣ㶼ľҵĵ֮ڡҪָ֮ʵǿĻһ£㸴ԭĻҪꡣ
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˵˭˵ûа취ˣ
Ԫܲ˼صȻǶ飬޷ǵҵ˿վԪ۵Ҹľ飬ָôСС߽׵ķϲ񻹲ֵ
޳Զһ䣬ԪԻǵмǿĳܴ
޷Դˣ㻹ǿǲ
ԪЩ飬޳츳ֹǲôĻҲᱻѡľˡʣµľԴˣһ
޳һ𣺡мƷҩ
ҩá
Ԫ㱻һ仰ҭñȥŭһ䣺ҽ֮ʱһȫ첻ˣмƷҩοķô౾Դ
޳ʵԴô
Ԫ鲻мָ˵оԣľҵģҵġҵģֻҪóԴ
޳֪Ϊ˶ˣһǰ㼫Ʒ˸ۣ˵һѣʲôæﲻϣ
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޳˵ƿԣԪŵؼ˱˵İ١ȷԴʵߺߣҪСΪָһӣա
޳ĬȻͶԶ뵽֮ǰ˵żڱڶࣺԴôڴż֮Уܴʲô

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ʮɣ޳ܽµοٲȻһΪĳģԵú֡΢гԾ⸱ģôҲżִϱ߰
żɵڵأ汦ڶ࣬̽յ˵õ˲ٺôٶԼδõϣǾ͵ؽö֮γ⴦鷻С
͵żؿǰѰȻˡ
޳Ȼ˵ս˷еγԭΪӽ
ӥ£칤˵Ⱥڴˣǰӭӣӭ˷ָ֮ڡ
΢䣬漴޳żŻ򿪣ʱĴ䣬鷻һЩ汦Ҫߵ۹Իڴ˵õƷĲƬ
ѰߣһƷĻɵսƷԸߴĳɡƷĻ
ӵ㹻ԪȥĻôԽսжǲ֮¡дԣ벽λǿмƷܹλǿ߶Կ
˵¾һ֮ǿߣδܹӵмƷԣʹһƬֵ޿ɹ
ʦãҿˣ鷻ȻĿǰ㰲ǲΣǺҳŵ˭ԼС칤´󣡡
ܷ޳ҵĻסûУ죬ʵʵشڸڣ칤֮󣬲Ƿݽ
޳˫üһȻ£ȴ£ܷŴƣ޳һѵ


65 Īٳĵ
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ÿһһֹѹȻλǿߡԣһһҷͦΣһŮӡ
칤ɲǵʲôʱǴͨϵСһھ޳˴˵ݡ
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Īٳ壬ͷŸɾ㣡ܷŭˣһֱλСʦݵñȾָ
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ȻǱԣȻǻͷˣ칤ˣһˮԪǴͨ˵ĻͬˣܷӹһĨ⡣
Ȼƽ֮Īٳ˿Ҳûоܾŵ̬ȽЩĥ͸֮˺һʾȻҴͨ飬ǾռЩ˰ɡȥ˭Ըս


66 䣿
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67 ֣
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Īٳ庬һĨЦݣǧƬ޳ĹâַԲܣĿӡ
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Сӣ̫ˣĪٳԭָܹɢ޳Ķ־ȴû뱻Է赭дһ仰̼ԼļҪ
ҪѪĽѵס˲̫ĵǺ
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69 ڹ
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ŷȻؽʱ麬ЦˣСˣˡ


70 
ֵܣҼҲ޽Щϵ󣬲Ǳ˴ӡ֤һΣ
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Ԫ鲻ммָ֣ɽֻǹ첻ԼӦóʲôͻơ
޳ü˹Ԫ鲻ָԼ˼һ죬ؾΪԼͻƵķ
Ԫյھתǽһǿ֮һնǰֻǧ߸ɽҪնơ
ô֮׵ҲӦǷ
޳֪¾үүûܲһ㣬Լ뽣ں֮ǾܽԪԽھתĳ̶ȣԽ֮弶似֮У
ʩչķӰԪдһ˿ȷ似ܲڱֳǰ򵥲ǡ
ţ޳һҲɻ󣬿ǽȴҲŷ
Ӧȱʧ˲֣ԿܷڻӰ֮벿

޳ظ˼֮С

峿
ż֮գȺѻ㼯һȻżĺôˮԪԵǲǽżѰһЩָ©ĺô
䣬żǳ򿪵ģŽԱ࣬ﱻѹθɾرյʱҲԽԽ
ֱڣʮܴһΣҲ֪ʱǷӳĻԷԲųǶԾԲһ¡
żڣ޳ȵؿǰһƬԫϱڣȻʵ
ǰһƬ֮óԭӦһΰĴϧѱ˲øɸɾֻʣ¼ߴ
ʹ涼Ѱ߲һƬǶĴ񶼱˿¡
Ȼ֪ˡһЦθڡ
Ź޳վһЦ̣оԼױų⣬ܷܲˬɫһֱš
ʼˣ쿴żˣ


72 һӣ
޳ȻһѲһЩ쳣һƬ֮оǳǳĲ⵴һȦȦزƣÿ졣
𺳵֮УлѿһķӣγһȸߴʮɵŻڵա
żڣ
޳û뵽νżȻһַʽ򿪣۽硣Ա߹ϵˣһЦ޳һ򶨴ݵıʧ
ͣ󷨰ˣʲôԪ鲻мص
޳ϰԴᣬֻǺʵȻżڴ򿪣Ϊλû˽ȥע⵽ڴ˵ȺȻûһ˶·ûпȴƵġ
ֲԣ޳ȵؿգȻûʧ
Ӳˣߺߣżֻ֮ʮ죬ٲϽʱһֻܿԹˡͻȻȺбһ󺰡
һ˵˲˵˼Ӧ쳹ȫ
ݣ
ӰӶֱմţ尡˭Ƚż˭ܵõô
һ仰˺ܶһøΪȣȼն𡣿ϧûеǸжһƳγεĳȴǶȻƿն
ٿ˴֮ǰһһ𡪡
ž
ף𣬷ϬľһСķΧں˱һ͵ܡ
ۣ
˳ȥӰǿ͵ڣʱըѪⱩɢһأѪ֮ա
һкһˮͷ£ЩлƮ˶Ǵ˵ֽһƬ
ðΣСཡһ𣬷֮漴סԼ±ǵӰע⵽Լ
˭ҪȽȥģ
ѩնһȦȦɫâס壬ĵɫʧ֮һƬ䣺سǲڣ˭ȣ
Եޱ޼ʵİԵ
ȰԵ֮ȴû˭ҷ֮س۰ԾųѲһˣڼʮǰλ˹ء
Ҳ룬˭Ҳ׼У
սһ֮˶⵽ĻɱһȨؽ𡣴Ӵ֮Ҳûҷһ涨
һЩɵɢߣһ᲻ðľٶѩѪܵʵǣðسǵ³
ңǺԵ޳Ϊǰû˵ڵԭ򣬿˸߸ϵѩ
·ӦĿ⣬ѩȻؿ˹һ
س㸽Ѿã˵λѾɣܹ˳ͻƵλڶôܽس
صص޳ŵǣʱǳ¾ҲǴ硭
޳˼ǵԼѩպ޷ճûж˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
һߣŷɫҲѿ֪ڵӵȻŻżӳٳٲǹ̬Ҫˣ
֪һУȴ޷ǻǾǣû㹻ʸȥس࿹⡣
Ⱥ֮УɲԶֹЩˣ˶ǸŭԡȻҲͶ֮ˣ˿̸߸ߵذͷ¶ŨŨĽ
ͨĪٳͲֹһο˹꣬ʱʱЦһ¡ֻ޳һһֻ׵ʱɫúѿȵɱ
ӣ޳ڰʾǰһдñѵ飡
ȻѱҩκãȻоʹ
лλͬ象棬ĳҲ
ͻȻһХԶֻһɫâǰէԶһʱȴ·˶ߣڳÿһ˶¡¡ֱ졣
ӣˣ
һɫӰڵգĿߴ󣬽վűȻɢһǿƣѹȵ˴
ƣ޳ǿĪŲҲضã
ȻⲢ˵ӵʵܴﵽˣΪ̵ǿƣѹͲͨλǿߡ

ǧ˵ľۼоųɵ˴˿ͬʱΪһЩڱֲȡӡ߸Ū
ɽ֮ǷģԴпһ˿سǵӴƣն̲ס鶯һ¡
Χ˳ĺϴŰȻЦݣ˫΢΢ѹջ֮գͲλˣسӵܣż
һȣȽż
ѩֳ֮󣬱ǽɨһ޳һᣬֻҪҿͷϴڸĻͥü


73 ɽĹ
ŷüһû˵޳ȻصûȤ
ڵģٶȱܾѩѾŭ˼㣬ݺݵضһۣת롣
سǵ˽żʣµ˷׷׶Ȼ֮ҲȺ˳һ㶼ǾǳصȫڣһЩɢ߲롣
Ҳ߰ɡ껽칤ԶԶسǣ޷סӡǲһĻ˿ɲĵȴ
޳ͷŹһ֮±̤˰մš

Ũ
żĿһƬٵطǹ֣ԵĽ۵ȻǾһս
⻹ַóǱǿԪ飬ɢʯߡ
Ȼƣ޳ԸоҪһܹضܹ°빦֮Ч
˵ųϼ⣬һӵ˼ҳѰ۵ű١
˵ЩַѰݡЩѱѰǧٱ飬ʹűҲײ˵顣
Ȼ٣ŲµһЩ󷨻תܹ֤˴㡣˵ʼż֮ʱڻҪʮ
޳̾ŵֱʣ൱ʮֻҪʲǲ̫ףΪǰ϶֮¡
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Ϊֻ̱ǿʮǰʵأǿҵĽȸӿͷ
ߣˮԪżıأɽĹ֮С
ڹ޳ٵسżǰȥ;żһϲشӵٳһƵûüףͱһԴ
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޳и̾ȻԴḻҲֻԶԡһЩûֵ֧ߣûпܵõܺõԴ֧ţΪΪֻȥȥᣬַΧ֮£νƨ㲻ϡ
ৣ
޳ͣ˽Ųǰţǵɽ壬ɽ֮һߴʮɵĺΰԲĹأĹиڣɽ˲Ž롣
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һָǰɰϽס¶һĨ˷֮⣺һڣĹ֮󷨴ڣԶ˷ֿʱһСġụָ́ʹǰߣֲܽڡ
;лһЩأһЩšȣ̽գǧҪǿżֻʮ죬㱻ʱ䣬ˮԪһҲò
ãҼסˡ޳ӹ̣֣صشӦˣ˵ȡԴȻҪǸҪΪүүȡһˮԪ
ʱ룬Ͷ˹Ĺ֮ڣɻˣЩǽȥʲôѵҲϣõˮԪ
ǣֻǳż֮ѰˣȻҲۺˮԪĺôûضʸǱҪõһЦûж͡
޳һ²һػЩİڣѹһ·ϼŽȻȴҲ٣Ƕܽ룬ʮˮԪ治þ͹ˡ
ʱյ׻ᱻҿ޳Ҳһʱڰɡ

걾޳׷ʣһŮС˼ȴû뵽㲻飬ɷ޺޵ض˶ţȽĹ

Ĺܴ󣬴ÿ֮޳ȷһ㣬վڹĹ֮ǰֱһ㣬治֪ΰĽġ
ಣ
Ȼ˵һ˹Ĺһصû޳ǿҵѣθбԺܵҪŻ¡
ѣθʧ޳ȵطԼһƬɳĮ֮У̧ȥȻԼԿɳĮı߼ʣƬɳĮҲ֮㡣
üһǹĹ֮ôܻôɳĮ޳𾪲ѣڵսǼδܽ룬Ȼйڴˡ
ͣǾ֮ܣͨĴˡʲôɽĹ˲ͬĴÿͨͬĵطֻܿնµӵĵطԪ赭дؽ͡

޳һȻ̿ܵؽΧһжɨʶȻ䣬üͷһ壬ٿȻһƿմ̳
ۣ
һѪըֻһֻ˱۴СЫӵ޳һȻͨ͸ѰЫӲͬ͸ڲĹǽ뵭ɫѪҺצˣΪ졣
޳һ亹ֻЫӾȻգԼ̿пܱҧһڡ
ĺˣˮЫҧжҲϰʱˡ
ԪƵصһǲ¶ˣӦѵӵڣŵһЩ޶ǲģҲõӳЩͷˡ
޳о۽ֿ˲٣ȻսҲǽѵӣˮЫɳĮֲͬնˡ
ţȷʵͬ죡
̧ۿ˿ɫһͬкǵգ޳뵽˹ǰĹգʱҪٸ·
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74 ս
ˮЫǺöϲȣƽĵطǵѨһΪƽ⣬Ǵ֮

޳ֻˮЫģȥ۾ƺȻסԼһ񺮣ûиڵģ
˭ҪֱӳˣԪӵնβͣһŻҰɫĵ飬һۣȡʱȡкô
޳£ѾƿԭȻҲؽͻơȴû뵽˯Ͼ͵¸ͷˡ
ȻˮЫô޳Ȼ׷Źˣһ·ǲصòˮЫ޲һɱȡ˵顣
Ƭ̹ռĵﵽһʮöȻ֪Ƿܹ˳ͻƿ޳ǱȽˡʱЩˮЫƺҲ֪ԷǣزɳĮǳѾѰǵټ
ףǰж
޳üһšͶǰԶɱ

жѪǰģ˿Թˣ
ɳĮͷһܼʮСݣоżǶ˸ڣֻǱ˴˴󶴣ֻʣһ
⣬ڷ֮ǰɢʮߵľ´µģ¶ģӰ
һ֧˵ĶεؽоڱΪ׵ЦѪȻ˵ǰͷ˭ҪǸҳֵĻԿСҪǱҪ
ǶŵǼʮɢߣһ߲رԹֲѪǰȷֵģƾʲôҪУ
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ѪȻմѪ귽ʮǾŽߣڷȫͲ˿̱һۣԴ˵
Ȼû˷ԣ롪ںȻȻסɭ֮УһӰ߳Ⱥֱ˾֮ǰ
һ·ʼնûпȻһۣƵġ
Ȼ۾µµֱתֹµĿһе겻Դо˵似
վھ֮ǰ޳Ԫ鹵ͨ˵ʲôս
ⶫԶ˵ʵսϻҲʹá
ԪҲ֪޳ףʾΨһһСݣǻңӦûʹá
Ŷ
Ӧһ޳Ŀʮ龧ɨ֮еĺ沢δ
սλǿ߽ս飬һĲ֮Уƶɡ
ԪԽ˸ͨ͸֮ʱֻҪңȡеӰ֮սȻӰ߱ʵʵɱԼλѹȫڣܹסĻкô
ԭһսֻʹһΣֵǳ߰Ǻĵûʸõġ㿴ûĸǿߵĽӽԽͻƽ硣
޳Ѱңÿһ龧днܣ
ʤСɣȭеϵ֮ǧ
СɣƷˮϵǿսһλλǿߣ
УСɣ޵ϵս

һһлսĽܿ꣬޳۽ٶȵõ˿أԭȾСɵǿѾһץһѵơ
ʮǿնţŸǿ󵽺εȳ̶ȣܹһֻǵǺεȴڣ
սԼɵǿҲԻѴ۹һλǿֻҪԸķһʱһսܻòƵĻر
Ԫ鵭صͼĻսһۼ۴ԼҲۺƽ𣡡
޳һλǿ׬ǮҲ̫ˣҪ֪޼ǧ˿ڣһæµҲǽǧƽ𡣿³λǿߣֻҪԼһ˺ķʱ䣬ܱȵ޼ң
λ֮󣬿似ʲôֶǮúܣ׽Ǯ˵ҲǺܴˡ
ԪֵҪԸķʱȥֻսȻȡһõĻƽǾʵ޴ˡ
޳֪ЩǱľ飬ģȥڼ䣬һսȻгɵǿǱ𺳵ˡ
һгɵǿ߶ܿһˣڴ˿ȴԵôͻ޳û̫ͣʱ䣬λǿߵΪȻߣƲҪ
գ޳λΪСǿϣԼԿս֮һϬ¡â˵ƴҪģ
ãˣ
޳һУһǾսһתҪһҡ
ţ
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75 սӰ
ѪǡȻ̲סˣĿ޳תһȦ¾ôѪǰսδ̫ҷ˰ɣ
ǵս޳üͷһ壬û뵽ȻȻϳս΢΢һֻһ㵭ص֮õˣȻҵˡ
Сӣǳıӵˣǿڶʳţñүúù̹ܽܽ㣡һѪǰԱ˳ŵȭչ˸ɫ󣬷·һͷǰ˳
Ȼûж֣վԭصȴ³ֵĽɭҶ꣬ʵҲڰ˽ףֻҪƴɱоܿСӵߺߣƣҪСӺÿ
ۣ
ûȻôԸֻһ죬ĲҽСոջڵֱ۱նϣ۵ɷףޱȺݶ޳ôҲ׳֡
У
Ȼǻ˷ĶȻؿ޳û޳ĵƣʵԶ¶ġڼ±һϵʱǱ𾪵ò֪롣
£Ҳ̫˰ɣðΣȻŸɬ³һ仰ѹµĴ
һ޳սջڣĮȻɨһ۶ϱ۵ѪֻǸһѵ´ٸҲɲͲˡ
Ӳһ仰ƵѪǵͨ죬޳ȻҪĺôô䣬Լ
ȻսֵΪˣ޳ö֮ؽǬ֮СϾǬļֵԶԶѰ˵Ѱ칤δܹУǾʹ˱¶ܻܿΪԼɱ֮
ԣ޳˸˳ˮ飬ʣµĻսøѪǰѪǰ㹻ǵĻͲԼ
Ȼһ콻ӣؿ޳ڣûӦ
ϴѵǾôˣһѪǰԱҧгݵؿرյĻҡ
㣿һЦȻȵô㣿ö˶˵һֱ۾ôˣڶҿ̲£
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СӵΪߣսǿӲӲĻֻ»ǴСˡȻ۾һתթ֮ɫ̫ԴˣߺߣȻҪڻͻƣǲ֪
ͷҪұ𰡣Ѫֹסֱ۵Ѫ۵ֱ졣
ġļȻһתעûҵĶֻҪСӼսǾͺúţɱȥ
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Ȼȣһ֣һƥٽ֮ʣһֻѪɫǿڱſֻһ̱㽫˵Դҧϣ
ȻһЦȻͷ촽ֻƶֻһֻСָϸĳһȦȦֱϣһֻȭͷСͷ԰۾һѪҷ¡
ʮϢ֮ڣͳͳҹȻ͵غȵ
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ȻͷٶԾԾ֮ʣһӰֻʵȥʣ֮Ҳҵȴ׷ߡ
٣ȻһץѪջڣɱʮ˻ҡ
ʱͨ˸˵İ׹⣡

սǰġ
ýң޳ԪָʾҲ󣬳ɵӣһ˸źϻɫâ󷨣۴һǳǳĿӣǡÿս
޳նУսĵһֻ̣ŨĹâʼâֱཱུðݣˮƵزӿգۼ㽫ҶУѪȻ׹֮ʱ
СˣȻֻӰĹϵ˺Ҫܴ̫صĻͬпܻᱻ˵걾Դյ»ԲѡԪ
ৣ
޳ӦͻȻһͻ͵ââκ󣬿һҪʶնѵѹ֮Ϯǹѹͷѡ
飡
ִ֮䣬޳ָӡһ֮ŭ˫һǶԺ䣬ֻóŭնȻһȦ


76 Ѫǵɱ

һȭ˿û谭Էĵƣδٵĵâֱ޳Դϣ֮伫Ϊľдһ
ֻǻþþ㶼޷ܣ㻹ȥɱ𣿻ؼүɡԪؼ
޳͵ػعʶԿǣоԴ𣬲˿һ亹ֱ¡
ɵؿǰӰһĴ۾ܴȧԸߣ촽ü·Ǹܵ޳ļɵ֮⣬֮һ˿ļƺĲһо˲м

޳˿ȻսսȻмأȻָ򶨡
Сӵʵ
Ԫͷޣ㲦սһЩѵĵӵĳֶΣκһĵӸоԼҪʵսͻƣѡһսЩ츳ǿĺĵӣɻľ
޳࣬޼ҶԺսӵӵͶϴֱˣһҲռаƽԴˡ
ٿЩɣµӣһսҪƽ𣬿֪еĴǶôֲˡ
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Сүƫˣ
޳סƤʼյŵһƽԼաۡһϡ屻
ǰһڣǿҵʹ糱ˮϯ
޳һģԽ棬Ҫ֮ʱһԲƺݺݵش̳˻ָز˵棬ָͷĦĴʹϮģ΢ѡ

޳ؿ㣬ɳƵĺˮʪһƬԵңһն޵УɽǰҲҪһն֮
һ֮з޳΢һеƱԵһֶԼľģһе谭һеѹһеĲͳͳһնȥʲôҵף
룬޳һ壬ǰУ
·ǰεƸоΪͣһһһʮ˵
СӣԪ龪ȻӰʱᱻ˵ǻþвʹ̫ǿңȴ׽ʧȥʶҲ޷ѡ
޳ĿһǾǿһ
ͣ
һһÿһصؿ޳ϣڸ֪֮У޳Լ롢İ롢˰룬嶼顣
Ų˼ʹ࣬޳еԽԽǿַҼеεǶÿһÿһϸ֮ڣ۾ԽԽ




ৣ
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һֱȻ޳Ȼˣһָ͵سǰȥ
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޳˿˵ڵأ˫һ
ʶ֮УһӰε֮£ʮӰʼ˴˽նɱÿһӰӹĹ켣Ǵ󿪴ϣûκ֮նһеȴǽ
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ҴͻȻײѪȻ͵˽޳Ŀԣ¶ǿҵϲɫһӣɱ


77 Ľ˫ǵĲм
Ӱŭ˶ʧȥһֱ۵Ѫгصն޳
Ѫǰһˣʵ͵Ķ߽ڣһ֣ǿգÿϷ˻֮
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Ľ˫ٶȿڣǱֱȽϹ죬һ˵һҲǽĿ꣬촽֮нؿϣһ塣
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δɹ޳ҡҡͷԴźصСɰˡ
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Ľ˫Ҳû˳ĵֻ޳еĺ«ԼǾ飬ǰװӦǵҩ֮࣬ߺܿ似
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ӿһж޳ֳ˶ԼޱΣĸοִ˺«ӣֱһһ«ٹȵһſԱ֤²ʳһ«ⶾɽζ޶Լ䳣ֶһ«Ԫ
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൱ھŽ׶ǿߵĽǲС
գ޳һЩ뿪ʯףЩźҡҡͷ뿪ˡĶȡ߼ߣĻܻܿᾪеĽǽԼɾ͵òʧˡ



80 ϧ
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޳վſڣ֮һ߼һγϲ֮ɫҿٿȻע⵽޳鲻һ䣡
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ڴʱһҽУش󺰣˭
͵۾ֻ˿ȥұһĿĽ۳֣дأڴ
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ƽٶŭܣСӣ˭Ϊսһߡ
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޳ѵЩҸоã˸Ľ˫Ǵ򽻵ľ飬޳ýźҲܲµõҪ˵ʲô
ͷ߳һ䣬޳һָ⣺ҹСү첻ɱˡ
⻰һʹϧգܴĸǶ޳봺Ĳࡣ
޳־սĪٳ壬Խʮ̫ܿˡ
ϧӲΪһĵ֣޳ȲԼǿ֣Ҫһ


81 ޽ⶾ
Ȼ㲻֪Ӿ
ǳһĻȣһֱһۺɫֱ޳δһŨҵѾ˱Ƕܡ
ǱϧȻһϸֳһǿҵĳ֮ɫ弡Ȿܵؽϸü԰׵촽Ҳһɫ

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ΣȴʵʰնգʱֻһۺɫնƣĽֱƴŶȥ
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ҲԹ۹޳սĪٳ壬޳ĽǿǿӣȴҲû¡Ϊؼǣ޳Ľƴһĸо·һаܱնƻ飬Ķ޷Ч
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޳ȣԴȻرܿϧʹǳ֮ʱȻһ˿䣬˵ĸоǾŮ˵ıɴ˲ԽزһҪ֮Ƶ
ͷ󺹵ذῪϧֱۣ޳еʵԪ飬죡ʲô취ﵽ
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ףȵϢ޳ЩƲסԼ־
ˣŮӲһζǰһֶֶҩ˴ǣǲܾ컯ⶾҩԡСӣҪˣһ׾ˮ
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£޳ϧؿڡȴ룬ղż֮ϧѱѿǡӭһֻơ
ִһƬǷþˣ޳һ䣬ʶҪצȥҲ֪Ƕǿ־ãסɳ嶯
ˣϧؿ֮ʣ޳ǲ֮ܽӴ֮ʱ͸ȥǵͷ󺹡


82 뺷
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˹ŮӷŭˣԲۣĽСһɫС˳еýˣڼŮ
ŵĳȫƻУű˻ҪߴĹŮĶȴ˿Ӱ죬һ֮±޳ССȫ˳֮
ݣ޳һٶȱֻܿǽϧؿڡ
ͷҪ͵ǾҵŮ󺰴У۾Բ֮Ͽɰݣȴǽη֮飺СҪһӣ

޳Ůʵ̫뺷ˣƽŮ֮Уûĸ˵˺޹˼ɡʱ޳ܵⶾҩȻһѱϧ㣡
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أ
漴ϧںХ˽ŮŮ޳һ֣һȭ俪Լġʮɱץ໽ָץ˹
;ϧԼæֱһæҡ
ϧıͱ߳һߣһ¶ʱڵʵʵŮ籧һֻޣѵ̽ͷС־ͲҪܣС̴ĵ˵
ܣСүɵӲŲܣ
޳ʶЩ²ԭȾܡȷԼĻλ뺷ŮǲǻԴ󷢣ȸԼһ˵
ϧ㣬ϧ㡣׷޳Ůֻ÷ϧ塣ϧ泱죬Ŀԣƴҡš
ۣ
ϧſ³һŷɫĽҺϵĺ󽥽ȥֻ۾Щʧǰ
ϧ㣬ѹˣŮϲǼϧǲ˵ʼˣղǸ쵰׶ʲôѵѵȻ
ŮԴԶճһĻĻ޳Դ󷢣ԼҰƵĽ㱻̢һһĳһУŭСŤˣ쵰ȥ׷ɱС̲һëĵһٸŮһ飡
ģϧ㣬ȥ㱨𣡡
˵ţԴߵŮҪ
ȣϧЦõקסˣûжʲô
һ漴¶׵ɫѽѽǿһ㣬ǧܺͿΪһθصǲԵģ
Ť壬ƴҪϧ塣
ϧһźߣʲôӣ뵽ȥˣղֻΪ𣬶ԷʱԼ˶һʱЩ㶰ˡ
Ǳⷬʲôɬ˼Ҳ׵һˣæһѱסȣٵؽղŵ˵һ顣
㣿ɵˣ۾µµֱתɵصղΪʲô˵ף
ϧӶǲ˸ۣǷӣ˼˵Ļô
ߣǸ嶾ǵĻŧĻһСͿ˳ˣҶϧ㣬С̲ʲôоջˣȹת˳Ŀཱུ꣬ɱһƬʮɱͱͱġ
ϧҲһ޳ǡó֣ԼٺεȾ棺嶾ǣѵΪСֳǺģ

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ԹһƬޱȹĿռ䣬ռ価ͷһƬ𺣣ΪҺ״̬Ĵ֮䡰ڶÿһǽնȻըγһ滨
ƣÿһ滨ܽһ߻ɢǣƬ𺣺Ʊסˣ硣
𽬰֮Уһ곤صľУͨ羧ֲ֦ͣ¹ǣÿһ֦֮жһ״İݣ֮һԼȭͷСƤʵ
ʮɣܵˮԪƢϸ㣬Щʵǡʮţ
˵ȻˮԪˣĹʵˮԪ


83 ӵĵѣ
ʱˣļң
һĿࡢƲ˲ã֮ǰƾǰ棬ȴǿȻһ޵Ľܡ
سǵһţһܣӣ
ңĽĽңŷң嶾ǵĴӣ칤ԼͨѾˣֻȱСֳǵּԼĳǵң
ѩ̬ȲǶ׸磬ϼ㱨
šӳӦƾ˭ϲŭ˼һۣеĻɽܴ𺣽ơ
ʱ칤ϵسֲڷȥ޳ôûѵҸ̱ʶˣ
Сӵسǣﻹҳ֣ܷЦҿѰ˸طǰ̸Ҳǰ׸
üͷһ壬Щ⸱ǻ֮»ЭԶѰٰڮ٣ܷıǳʧ
һȻһ߳ХһյĹӰȻѹ䣬ֱ˴š
ԤϣһģȻ䣬һֻƤƵظ߸߹𣬺Ȼӭȥ
ͬʱϴ󣬾ң
أ
ӵĳ䱻һñɻɢ䣬ӰȥƲֱš
ס֣
һϺȣȻ䲢ʳжָһ㣡
һɳص˼ϵѹȥֱ˳һ㣬ǵͬĽСӰɶȥһõúɣȴû˵
ӣ㾹Ȼ̻һεļһô󺰣ȻûˣظȴǲȻΪŭ
һУ˶ǲȻ鶼ĿһؿӣʵȻ֮죡
⼴ʹǿɱУҲһб㽫ɣӵľٶȴ赭д֮ȻʵȻﵽ൱µĳ̶ȡ
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ףⲢ츳ɵĲ࣬ǶԷվŶһسǣ⻹һλɵָ㣬Ϊ벻ͻͽס
Ҫ̻ˮԪ֮ʱҪЭܴ򿪷ȡĺôӵ䣬һжԹȳż֮˵
ȻҪ˵ֱ۱ϧסλŮӵ˵ͷӵȻسôţӾǡ
ֿ򴺹ӣƽصСֳǧؽڰ֮ڰݻ嶾ǣ
ĳǣȸŵ
ӱһû뵽;ɱ޳ƻȫ̴ҡûܳѵҪ嶾Ƕˮǳ
ȫ󣬵ʱʦ嶾ҲŹԼӹµµֱתƴ˼Բߡ
ˣȻˣ׼ˮԪķɡһӣȵλȡɽ
Ӧ˰ڣǴͳһƣأĻƣһ۷·Ҳܸܵǹɱ֮⡣
ȣǸ칤˻û롣ûа취ֻӲͷƤǰ
ѩ¶ıóѵЦݣǱߴͨĪٳЦϣȻ֪칤Աûȫſǳ
ţӱǻصغһɭȻ˹ϣ˶ѵ룬ֻ칤ûҲûгȡˮԪˡȻˣǻɽҲرˡ
䣬͵һץ˹꣬һɫƿնȥֱץ˻ɽ
ǵصİ벽λѹȻϯ껨ʧɫ
ݣ
Ȼ䣬һննδնһеȻ˷𶯵û𺣶Ϊ֮ζ
ţĿһȥֻԪƱһնɷ顣
ʱһӰŽ̤롣ϲغ޳
ʶ˿ϧһ졣۾תƺҸطԴϧҲϳˡ
ˡ޳ϹһĨЦݣ˹겨顣
ȻϵˣǾͿʼɣˮԪջ˭Ҳ𡣡ȿڣҪסӷѵĿܡ
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ɽĿҪʵﵽǡ䲻ʮˣŷ飬Ϊһ󶼸㹻ѡ칤Ϊ˴˺ľ˼
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ػִϣĿǧ޳ϣΪһ˵˵ʱ䣬ѵ赭дӹˣҿ칤ƴ֣ǸҪˮԪȻˣͽǵĻɽóɣԻԸ
ȻѾѩ֪޳سǵðһǴĸ칤һѿǵͷģ


84 ػ
ʱ䣿
޳ܲؿһۣͷѵվҷϻͲǵˣ
˵ʲô
ӱһû뵽޳ȻеԼʱҲֱ࿹ԳŪһʱ俴޳֮Ҳɫ졣
ӣʱ䲻ˣҪٵȥ˳ȥޣһеʧƲڵǳ򿪽ưɡ
飬ڶԿңһض飬׺ֱ֮塣
Ҳǰ̵ˣȻ֪ӣ˿ҲƢΣ
˫ӣǴãεս棬Լɫһף΢ɲһ
ܺãЦջƣĿڳɨ˭޳Ӧûɽ򿪽ƣ
سǲǰԵ֮Ƕ޳ɣҲ
صڡһ٣ĿɱȻȻʲô֮ʱ򵨸ǾҪгŭ׼
һϢľĬѩ޳ĿèϷϷʣһĨ̬˷֮ϸ֡
ҾǾӦáûжãŷؿˡ
ӿһۣ֪ϵУѡ˿Ϊ棺ߺߣҲԿسǣǲ
˴˾żң޳߽ңҿ
Сֳͬȴ򿪽ƣȡˮԪϧվ˳صһĨδɢȥ޵˼¡
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ΪҪǣңټ칤ǵӪȻռ˶
ȣȻһֻĽ˫̤˳ֵͬʱڣĽǣͬ
ৣ
ӵıһӱüΪѿ𾪵Ľ˫ϣȻһ

Ľ˫Ǽ򵥵һ仰Ǿʯƽĺ棬ȻֲҵĿɲǸһЩСֻûлɽֻǰո֡
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ӶԿ꣬״ռϷ磬־ѹԵơ뵽˴һĽ˫ǣֿ޳֮ӹһĨ𺳡
Ľ˫ǿǳ˭ӣ뵽ǲսһΣ޳Ȼܹú˵츳ؽ۷һ߰Ľ˫ǣصе㣡
سǣˣҴ򿪻𺣽ƣЮѩվǰ
سһжʮˣˣ˻ˣȻµþˡ֮ҪǰΪسǶռöɽ
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ÿһ֮ǰվʮµǿߣһȭ˻ɽ֮ϡֱֻ죬Ʊ汬һŹ⣬漴ֻŨİ׹ϡ
գһ׹Ʊֱǰ𺣶ȥ
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ջͻȻתۼûڵصףֵ֮һʯ·ʯʮ͹Բʯ롣
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ղŲмǧɳ¾ǿ߷ϣᱻȵĻϵΪޡ񣬻ȴ˶̤ˡ
ͻȻһ漴һӰȺзֱˮԪȥٶȿþˣȻһΪóټΪҲߴŽףһͻֺпժˮԪ
޳ʶһǼûжͣǸǳһĨЦ
𣡡
ǵӰδٽֻһɫӰӵص׸֣ˮԪԣſ͵һ
һ⼲طɳͬǵӰ֮УӰзһ̴ٵĲҽУصһΪɻң


85 䶸
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޳һ𺧵Ӱ⵽ʲôһɱŽǿߣλʵ
ˮԪػ飬ÿȴʱͻ֣ûлɽΪܵĹ͵
ҲǴӹŲ֪һУ׶ȼػ飬ĿⲻһĨ𺳡ڳ˳ȴʮǰһż˶ûۼػ顣
ԣػ鷢ܵ𶯣һʱȫ˵
飡ּ飡Ԫ鿪ĵشЦֻ鲻ǰȫʢʱڱӲسȥӡɣֻҪǿʢ̫࣡СӣĵԪֽһ㣡
ػһֻޣβͳޣβ˻һУͷһǣ
޳ĿвһĨȣʩչԪ䣬ܹĨɱŽ׶ǿߣ԰벽λǿߣǾͼΪǿˡ
ܹԪܵڶ㡪Ԫر䣬ȫؼɵκΰ벽λү֣ԽҴսĨ
תһȦ޳ЦȻⶫʵ¶гˣȥͼıǲǳ˪òô
ľǣб¸񵰣ԪһµһǻΪʵ壬巶룬Ǳ˻κβ״ֻ̬Ҫ˳֣һֻһֻһһѣ
޳˫з죬֪ԪһȻϲǷ޵ĹȥʱҿЦܹɵĻǺô̫ˡ
ʱһ޳类߶סٿȻһݡ
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޳֪ղϧ˵֧֣Ѿ׼ŭ񲻹ǿѹ
ȻãǱѰٺʵʱĻĿţϾԪ֮ʵ̫ˣܱ˷֡
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Ϲк޳˼ֻһ֮˶ֳֻɽӶȻʯ롣
Щʯվ˴´࣬ÿһʯˮԪľͬǰһʯȻسռݡ
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ӵصһâȡˮԪڣۿľâԽԽ⣬֦ⰼڴˮԪâȴ֮һƬŨĺ졣
żֲұ֮󣬲ûд⡣¾ɣԼ࣬ǵǿ֮̽ȴεطˡ
ǿֲˮԪĻ޷֤ĴҲڻϵ֮档ˣǲŽˮԪ֮˷Բųǡ
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Ȼ䣬ˮԪ֦һˮԪֱӶȥƴһӰһѽ֮ġ
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ǡ࣡һֻһţˮԪġˮԪת鷽ȥٷ
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޳Ȼѹֹ˵ÿһֻܻöˮԪԭô顣ˮԪܹӦɽⷬ龰
ǣˮԪܹʮţʮŻΣ
ǡ嶾ǡĽǡһһˮԪһʱŨϲɫÿϷ𣬽żĺôöˣһ
ֻдͨĪٳ壬뵽ǰ칤ĶԼɫޱѿ¹Ű裬Ŀ֮¶ĶԼĪٳ廹û˲ϵ
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һǽˮԪУϻϲһƬæԤ׼õ֮ڡ
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ɣ쵽һе󹦳޳
߰ɣʣµˮԪֽ˷ˡһ֣еϧؿȻ֦ϵʮˮԪ쾭飬ЩˮԪջصףɵǹ˼ػ飬Ӳǰ˼ˡ
ȻźҲûа취õЩο
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һӰӻ˻𺣰ߣ޳Ӧαܿ˶Ŀȡ壬Զһת
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⣬ڿӵЦ
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칤չõˮԪ˻ĽȴйжʹӮ˴ͨһˮԪǶҲǼһˣǡ
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ޱȵɨڳˣӵ·£˭飿
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ٸһλᣬеģ˾ǰѩЦص˵ޢɫָףһԪڵϣһĿۡ
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һ壡СӵˮԪس˭Ӷȡ˭ӵУȻ䣬һɿԵ

ѩҲЦûгֵĴ㡣˲һִӱضǾʵ̫ǿ׶ԸԲòͷ
ͷոո֣һƬѤĵͻȻ֣γһͨĥĥʯԵ˾״ĵâ

ĥǰغХÿвϴˡ֨֨ݶҪһ߾ʻ壬һӴݴĥʳ˷飬ѪŽ
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Ҳ˵Ƶĺ벽λʵҲ㹻ɱ޳һǧ鰡

ǷЦȴûаЦ⡣Цٿֹݺݵض޳þˣѾþûмôеˣϧȤ˾Ҫˣʵǽ˶̾Ϣ
ӣƵ֮ѹС֮ˣͲ´ȥسĨڣӲ׼Ψһ
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ҪؽʮУʵ̫С̫СˡԼ꣬ҲûܳŹʮа
磬ҪɱСӣϳسǳ֮ʾڣ֪ҷسǵ³ѩһھޱĽ顣
һЩ֪ĶϴǧܷģĻֻܸһűĻᡣĪٳҲЦϡ
ٸһᡣһʣ޳ֻҪ£ˮԪҿһسΪūΪͣص衣
ˡ޳ȻһĪٳ壬赭дصҿûĳЩ˸ʵȵȺá
Īٳ屻ƤǣһϺɫ
ʶ̧٣Ȼˣȥˣ
ŭˣݺݵĳһƣХһԪ۵Ļƽֳ޳ȥ


88 գۼ䣬췭ظ
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ǷԲ֮ھҲ޳˿ӰȫƵûûκζӵĿԡ
ѵ޳һҲô
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أ
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ৣ
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գ֮䣬췭ظ
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89 
ϧţûʩչɱ֣㾹Ȼôߣ
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飡
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˫Ȼطȫһ˲䲻֪ٵ˺УһѪֱۡߡ
ۣ
޳Ҳùǵ˻УȻŬһ壬Ҳɳȥ˼ʮԶصڵ棬һѪȾǰһƬ졣
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ס촽ĪӿŴŵص
ȡվжʺ֮Ҳ޷ΣôҲû뵽޳ȻʵԼƴ˳̶ȡ
뵽䣬һŭиǷ𣺲ԲųǵһңֻӲǵһţ
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һֱܵĴ磬˽ʱȻˣ


90 ӣ
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Ƥس鴤ֱҧסأӲǿװƽ֮ɫ˵ʮ֮Լֻǹ˾УƵȻɶԼ
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סڣ
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죡
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һޱȡһɫ¶ܿܣֻҪɱ㣬ֻҪسǻⷽԲһ˭ҽ
ѧϰˣܿô޳૵ǺȻһĨŹֵЦݣôһɣ
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㲻Ҫҵô޳վˮԪ֮ԣкһĨϷ֮ɫȻˣһᣬСү㹻رˡ
һƣ
޳صԴϣշһ
ӵ񼸺ᣬһ룬ǾУ巢֮ŭ֮ɫб·Ҫеһжɵ

ӷһȳȥƵ󣬸ҵס
ӡѩ˶˵ǱӡʵǺֻгɵĸǳǰԶԿοǣ
޳ӣȻŭ壬ҪһΪᰡ
⣬ķӣ


91 ջ
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ʱǡƵ˹ǣһֱʮ˶ȥ
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ʱһǱسǰΪ׵ӣһã񱻹йһ㡣ٿߵѩˣûһõȥֱɳʯʮ죬ȫû˰ŴݵϢ
س˲ֲ֪ڷ飬ز²⡣
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92 
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޳һٻķ˵âʱСһŤ˺֮ȻΪģŴŵɳʼ£޳һԾ뿪⴦ҡ

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ۣ
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96 ű
⣬ңҲΰɣصһ߻Ʋƽϡ
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97 ս
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ͨοǴͨݣزԳֶԸ޼ҡֻҪһʱ䣬޳ü޼Ҿ롣
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Х죬Լ֪ߵغԸ񡭡żдŭسһس׷ս˱ؽٲأ
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ŷҲǹƣЦΪҲ֪޼Ҵʲộ֮ԮŷңΪģպÿƱ壡У峤ʱѹǣ޼ں˵˵
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е˼Ѱ޳ϣνȨƻһҲںһҶ⣬ǿסŭתΡ
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98 Īճ
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أ
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Īٳ޳ŪԼΪȡһĻŭƤǡ
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ĪһسȭХ졣ȭҪĺⱬ˷޷



99 ˭Ҷ޼ң
һȭĪպȻ֮
Х쵽ǰ벽λΪȻûܲȴȫơԪĶһǰ

ȭһʱ両ֳһ㺮һȻĪɵǿڡ
Хֻѱ˺ѶƺһۡһѪľֵһԡ
үӣһҶĿѣسǰȥһĪաĪâҪʩɱС
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ϾոͻΪãټϸղ᳤Ծ˲ǳĪȫʩչӣ޷
ĪٳЦӯӯģƽХ죺ϼһӦѲ˰ɣûУֻҪģһ·
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޳֪ղǻֿʼˣвӹһ˿Ũҵĺ⣬ת뵽һ£ɻصүүż֮а칤õˮԪŸԼӦһţѵˮԪûЧ
뵽ֿԣһ
޳֪үүҪǿʹЩʹҲԸǰ¶ƵƵ¶ʹ֮ɫɼѾ񻯵ǳصĳ̶ˣ


105 칤ѡ
Хüͷ΢壬ƺ֮¡
ߣ
϶̲סˣү㲻֪سǵϢ֮һЩ׽޼ҵʼǻޡ칤˴żϢ֮ûʾǻ棬Ƹ޼ûκιϵ
϶Сž˵ԭίХҲɬһЦ칤󹫿㲻عأǰִرȡĹݣӴ֮˫޹ϸ𡭡
޳һ䣺
ܱǳ칤ûվ޼һԿͨ޳Թ㷢棬ȴǽ˺ģ
޼ٷҲ֮ʣݹֱ侮ʯ֪ô
ϣ޳һظԼ겻֪顣ȴΪŲŮλȻûɶݹһ㲻֪
֪飬ȴʲôû޳ӹһ˿˸УʵڲԸ²⣡
칤꣬ҪǵĶĶ࣬¡Ҳ֮СХ
޳֪үү⻰ڿοԼ׿˷ҵȲ˵Щˣүүż֮ջСˮԪҲõˡ
˵ţǬ֮ȡһˮԪҩһ֣ŨʱͥԺľЩ֮⡣
Ʒҩ֮ڣΧһӰ죬ܳ߳ڼƷҩĵطܹ°빦Ч
⣬ǼƷҩ
޳лɫˮԪХ켤΢ȻǵһμƷҩҲδӵй
ƾ޼ҵʵ¾ǱеļҲƣҲ޷ȡһżƷҩȱʹһ֮УǼΪϡ츳ȵĵӲʹá
귢첻㣬үү෽̽ƷҩĴڣȴûǵȵȥȡ㱻ᣬٶ꣬үүԲס㡣
Х΢΢ҡͷεصΪүүƣðžһΣգүүã
үүǧô˵
޳ˣХǰǿˮԪͣүүٲֻ͡ҪˮԪүүƾȬһܹʶλ
ХؽˮԪƿϺοЦ⣺ТүүףˮԪүүҪ
޳˵ֵүү˵ꡭһսүүҲˣ츳֮Զ˵˵ҪھȻĸףүүǱġ
ٸߵ츳ҲҪ㹻Դȥүүã޼ĿǰܹṩԴѾãˮԪͬǼƷҩضܹΪϲ¥ʡʱ䡣
ǡ޳ˡ
ȻǿᣬǻҪүү
ХƷҩ¾һóܹۡõˮԪĴԵպõƷҩ֪жѣ˷үүϣ
үүˮԪȻѰԶûеϡĳ̶ȡ
㲻Ҫοүүˣ֮ǰ칤ΪܹõˮԪ֪ķ˶ô׵֮Ȼ˵õһţһҲǧѣѰ
ХȻֹ۾ش˼ؿ޳ġ
޳˫һʮˮԪųһгġֲΪ󷨵ȵǺԣˮԪһ˲䱬ӿ˺һڣ𻯷ɵо
ż֮еõĲһţʮţ
Х쳹ɵˣǲ̫˽⼫Ʒҩֵ϶ŴС죬͵ؿ޳޳˽ͣȻһãȻ
޳ˣֽ֪ûһó´̼үӡȻ̫޴Ҹȷʵ˰
ðΣХ˹ؿ޳ʮţ޼ҵģ
ţʮš޳ͷɵû˵ˮԪԼ飬үӿ¾Ҫֱӻȥˡ
ҵ޼ڣХ˰죬͵رһ䡣
ʮżƷҩÿһ붼һ벽λǿߣʮżһʲôԺ޼ҼʹܸһȽϣҲѷɫκδǼˣ
Ȼ֪޳ջХȻ飬ӹһˮԪ򵥵ذ֮㿪ʼ˱չأ𶾡
ү϶жҪ㿴ء˶϶ɬǽǺظ΢ͦ϶ոޡ

޳϶Ȼ߹ģزԴŮڵֻСõ龰䲻£⣬̫ðɣ


106 ǧ
֮ڡ
϶ضţǰűһε޳ڸղСѾͷ֪޳֮ߺֱؿ꣬˺ðͣ
޼Ҷ϶۰ŮһӦȫǵϵӵܵı׼ɽС֮⣬ôĵطһ㲻СĦģñ֤˼벻ᣬ޳оֱǿߴսҪó
ү㿴
϶޳˼أǰһĻ֮ٿȻ𣡵ﴦԪǽס𣺡ֲѾͷֲ
޳ǰһĻ澰
϶˫΢Угһƴ󡢽ҶУ̹ƣò˼ӦС
֪Ƿ϶ưڶ⴫һŹֵĲߣε˻˯һԺ
ֲҺܿɱֲԪ˼ѪһˣҹݲʣľҵģеĺöԪ˵ģ
޳ֱһĵģ˿ǿƽ飺϶ֲǴĶõģ
ֲ𣿡
϶طʣԴ˰죺֪أ˼ֻСǧҶǽСǧ
޳ĽУ֪ǧԭ϶Ȼ֮ͷֵƺпֵӣʱΪףȻˡ
֮ʣֵܹСѾͷԸ޳ģּ֮ƺӰԼٶȻ࣬Ҳûзϡ
ûãӱѿˣҿʼٵسѿֱǰգسͣȻһ״
ͬʱ϶Լϵܹ΢Ĺͨҿʱ֮ٻ⡣
үСǧ˵԰սأϧ˼ҵʵܷӳȫ϶ͷЩߡ
ȻѾͷ֪£һöֲӴڣֶο˲ð
ԪǧһɱֲһλֵõʵԾΣΪã
ҩֲֻҪԽ˼ƷܳΪɱּı۶ǽһ࣬ҲֻܹǿӵС
޳ӶݵĽӴУǧζʱܹĳԻ̾Ҫ֪ˣҲΪʱõԪ֮ǿʩչԪʮ䣬Ӵ֮
϶ڽΪ˻Եպĳɾͻ޿ء
϶ǧ᲻ʲôӰ죿Ԫ飬㻹֪Щʲô
ôԶܿʲôСӣ㽫Ԫ˺úÿԪ鲻κιĶ޳ٵʱ
ã˵˵
Ԫˣص֪ˣСѾͷĳ˵ϴα˾֣Ȼͨ˵ĺҲпܳ壬Ҳֹǿߣ
ٿСѾͷ츳ˣɱֲıþˣ
޳ĬˣȻ廹ɱֲ޼޷ĴڡĴڣȻ϶䶫һ磬ɼȷʵ˴⡣
ү϶գŴ۾ؿ޳㲻ϲСǧǣ϶òã
ǧƺĻҶƴػζһ󲨶޳ŭ
ѩ۵޳ͻȻͷһɣʲô϶ֻǵǸСöԼУԼ΢ŪίҪ޵СѾͷǡ
ɵѾͷ޳ظԴֻ룬ôֲڣҼ϶ԺΪ˲Ĵأ
϶˿ߵؿ޳ؿڣС죺϶Ϊʲô϶ֻүһӡ

峿µ˴żϻأ޳ս֮ⲻһĿɿڴ޳ˮԪһ
µϵ˲پ޳ջһӿʼԲǳء
ʱƺҲ꣬һҶұĲ޳ǰѡ
ʶĪһսֻ֪֮޳ʵһǿ޼Ҳذȣ޳ѡ֮Ϊ
Դˣ޳ֻȡһöԷ᳤ԪӣһŲãһҶһˮԪȹΪ
һ֮޳ȭǿսˣ

ż֮У§һС֮⣬ջҲСˮԪԪƻìܹսĴڡ
ԪĻ޳һźߣȻָ֪Ǿϧ֮¡뵽ֵλ뺷ԺŮ޳һ
ֱӵ˵Ӧѡĸͻƣ޳ûصˮԪԪƻì
ԪƵ˸ӣ赭дصһǡ
޳ĳ嶯


107 ԪԪ
ٺ٣Ǵ޿ɾҩǰǸʲôĪյļһʩչԪʱ˾͸Ҫˣôף
ԪŪ˸Ȼ˵˵Ԫر䣬ܹƵʩչսɸ⡣Ϊʵ̫ˣ֧ŵԪرľ޴ģ
޳Ȼһ㣬ü˼ͻƵŽԪڣҸոս˽ײãôͻƣ۸֡
бڣСȫëë
ԪֵصˮԪҩȻƷ̫ߣЧҲĻ۽һǿ
ƷҩƷ̫ߡ޳ĴϰߣĬĬͳһָ
Ӱ˽ͻƵԪڣҪĲǻۣԪΨԪ֮ΪԪŽף
;ؼȡԪҪķʱ⣬ʱƻ˶ˡ˽׵Ԫӣܴ̾ˡ
޳һöĪյԪӳġɫʻ磬Լɼһɭɫꪻ״治Ծǳ
ǼһѪѪԪʽٺòˡ
ԪƤЦֻҪСĵؼȡеԪ֮뵤ܱתճΪԪŽס
ʱյԪر䣬ʹһδûһսʸ񣡡
սһ
޳ӿһƬŨҵȣǺڴ

ܼʽ
˿޳ڵľٶֻ·Ҫ˸пȻԥֱһˮԪҪ֪ȼƷҩһ˶ͻʱŻʹá
˭޳㣬Ϊǿ˼Ʒҩݳ޵Ĵֱʣʹسһ˶ǵ鴤ɡ
˻
ˮԪЧǳԣڣ޳оһϢ˻ǵŨüʵʵӹʱ˻ɺԵĴ¶̰һС
ǿ޳ϢҪȳ˿࣬Ǽգ۵ʱ䣬һ㸻ԣ
һڴڵתΪ
̲ظ޳̷һűٹȵ֮Уܲʱš
˿̵޳һȥ·һʯبµŶ㲻䡣ңʯɢϢԽԽȣԽԽʵ
г֮УƼ֮ף
һʱȥˡ
޳ٿȻ˫һƾէ
Ȼ˷˲ˮԪƷҩЧǵõ˷ӣκΰ˽۷ߣ
޳ԣΪӦԼΣǵ֮ˮԪЧ˷ѣϣΪ˼һʧϷˮԪյʧܣǲǲԭµġ
ˣԪڵԪСĵ뵤
޳ͷɫصصһĪյԪ֮ϡ

һԪӵתԭȶڲ΢ĲʵĹ⻪͸
ţһֲ棬·ˮʯӹֲ沨ۿɼǳ
죡ǾԪ𣡡
޳һǵ΢ĲƣѰҪõԪһԼգճ̵ľԪõԪƷʴ⣬󶼲㡣
ǴĳЩ֮ȡƩ˵ĳЩϵ޵ı棬Ʃ˵Ļ棬Ȼ󶼺ϧȴǺܴ⡣
ĪյĹԪ𣬽ĴԣѪĹԪҲơ
ݣ
ˮǵǣ֮£ٵͶ޳ĵǵɭɫꪻҲС׼ǹɵЩҪֱӶʹУ޳͵һǰһЩεȥ
ӣɣ
޳һҧǿвٿԪںϡڣ߻֮·ĳÿһ磬ҪķѾ޴Ŭ
ģ޳֣ű˴˾Ľӽڵʼཱུط·ܵε
ÿһξҷ֮£еһ˿֮ɫسκƫ
ԪЩԪ
޳֪Ԫ֮󣬾ͻȻܻΪԪԪصԡΪûԣܹɡˮ硱ϵγ
ʮ֮һ
޳ԪռӴԼʮ֮һʣµĲһȫתɣԼ˳ƽŽףΪٰθһ
̶һ²׻һ·ԪڣֱԾףٶȼʹǼΪˡ
ʱڲ֪Ȼţתۼֹȥʱ⡣ʱܹ޳ĻܲǿɫӾ󲿷Ѿһɫֻʣ֥СĲλûɱ仯
ֻһˣ
޳ҧҧĪյĹԪѾױԪȻûȫת
ϾĪƴսԪԪ˲١
СӣЩ鷳ˡ


108 Ѫ
СӣЩ鷳ˡ
Ԫѵõشһ˿ΣҹƵֹ̫ˣһԪӻŽףʱɣպлͻơ
ȴʱ
޳һԼԵȣسǿδػԼʱȥȣȻѾеһ۳ɰܶƴһѣ
һһ˸ŻɫԪӳġ
ʲôԪˣԪûоרŵʦÿһж̺Ųͬ˵ӡǣһûϵһֳܲģ
ܲܵˣԲ֪޳һ͵شָԶ׵Ԫӵȥ
ۣ
һԪգӿȥ
޳˿εŭƽ룬ǵԪû˿ֱܵ
ɲʱ֯ĻֱʶΪ֮һģҪ˺ѿʹоУЩڷУֻͼȡԼȨΣ

޳۽һǿʶ𣬺ɨ˷ʱҵ·ѩգ׷ڣģĸоʱʧ
ԪԾЩһԴڶڲԭΪСӵҲǱȳ˳һЩƻ̫ˡ
֮ѡ޳ΪǿԪ鷢֣⡰ǿƺԶ츳
һԪ޳˳˳ˮûжʲôﴦӳתͣ˴Ļɫ

޳΢΢˫ɭɫĻ棬ӿս̨ϵĪһģһΨһڣûʧȥǵĿϢ
תϣĺҲͼ̳һѪǸŴĻѪ֮ϡ
ԪкΪʦļƣϲصѪ֮һѣ˱һ츳սõǿѪ̫ϡĻǾͲܺܺõؿ츳пǱᣬɥʧ־
ӾӣѪ֮£Ϊ޷ձɱ¾֧䣬ֻ֪ɱ¾Ļ
޳ԻصΪʲô˿о־ȡף
ԪĬ˺ܾãĵظпһ䣺˸ʱǲһġ
һһͬʱԪô̬鶼˳Ѫʲô
ȻĪյԪӣԺӦҲʩչĹԪ𡣲ҿѪǺܶ࣬Լ츳ʱƣԪ໹ʩչΡ
޳ԴԤǹԪܹƵضã´ͨһͳɣˣﻹ칤죿
ûע⵽Ԫ˵ʱõǡʱ֣ĪѪŨ޷һ츳ɲ޳ûлա
ڵΪʩչԪرܹﵽΣʹгɵĸ֣Ҳȫһս
ԪĻ޳зһĨϲ⣬гɣǴԼӵһ֮ʵԼԸĻ޼ҽΪһ
޳ûйسϲ֮У֪¾ƽȣ˵׼سʲôʱͻᷢѣʱ仹Ҫ׼
ڴ֮ǰһ鵹üˣ

ৣ
ҹУһӰͬ񻬹ˮ棬ÿһκնʮԶ޳ʵѾﵽ˾ŽףԪ֮嫣ŹӰݵٶҲ˲١
񣬳޷ʱշУ޳ٶѾ˿ѷɫǿߣڶ̾Ų滹Ҫʤһ
λλʩչգۼ䣬޳ӰѾûããļɽ
ĿǰʵֻҪй¶ȥƣûֻħ޸Ҳơϴν뼫ɽʱĲΪӪ֪Ҫ˶١
ҵˣطʺϣԪѡ
޳ΣһƧڣïʢֻƼ䣬һˮɫĺʪˮӿһоθһͨ͸
ϧսʵ̫˵㣬ܵõһֲңҲطֲˡ
ԪıԹ޳ö䶼ҪˣƲ졣ʹǹΪţż֮ҲֻһֲңѰô׵õ
ٷϻˣô
Ȼֱֽȥȵʮ֮޼ҲջһˮԪˡԪźصҪܹõһЩֲҺĻԼӿȡ
޳û̫źյ޼˵һżƷҩڲ֮ֻҪʮ꣬ջʮˮԪвĻԼ̫̰ˡ
ȻԪеġֲҺлõȻٺòˡ


109 ǿߣ
ݣ
޳һͷȥˮмʮɣѵõôĺȻû͵޴ڡ޳ΪסʱȻ⡣
վںײ޳СĵٻԪٵش˼ȡżĻ𾫣γһ򵥵İΧ㡣
ԪâһˮԪ֣ȥ޳Ϊ˱ֵһ˽ȥʱ
˷ѣһˮԪˣҲֵôķ˼ԪϰԵرӡ
޳ϸһû©׼ȥ⴦ط֮պˮԪЩ鷳֮⣬ƽˮԪڴӦúܰȫ
ţЩŹ֣Ԫѣͣ˰Σߣ죬ȥ
޳֪Ȼʲô˲ö˵ȥһ۵ͣ濴Ǻܴ󣬵ԽԽ㣬ײ֮
˴Լң޳͵ضסˣӳһĻ¶֮ɫ
ǰһ齸ʯ֣ÿһ齸ʯߴɣ¥һ㡣ԴԽʯӳ֮Уһεĺɫ壬һ˷ӿɫ壬̶ɢʯ֮С
ףⶫӦǡԪͻȻֽһСӣö֣
Ԫദˣ޳Լĵ½ȻڿöǶı֡
ৣ
޳Ӱһɿסξ塣һǿҵĴξҪѡ
٣СүˣǹԹԴŰɡ޳ָһգһǿԪжʱ΢ġ࣡
Ԫ飬ʲô
أ
Ԫûüشһ齸ʯٿȻըʯ鱬ķһŭƿصѹ麮ߡ
˾һŰɫۣ·ˮһͨ͸Ůӡκ˿ĵһֻۣһָо
䣡
Ůӿȥʮ˾꣬Ǳɣ¶͸¶˲׽ӽСƫƫǼ£ڷڣÿһǾµ޿ޣʱԽһϢУ·ԵĲѰ࣬ǾɹŮ
޳ʧɫôҲû뵽⽸ʯоȻˣһһŮӡΪҪǣΪԶԷѹʱȻһ޿ƥеĴܸУΪӦøߵʲô̶ȣ
ڤģһ޳ߣٿŮ촽ȫڴ˵
ˣҪˡԪ۴УѾͷΪ

޳˼ؿŮӣŽΪͬѾǾԵˡŮӿȥԼ˼꣬ΪȻ뵽λڶء
Ҫ֪ʹ񶼶ڶʮŽλһأŮʲôݣ츳˿£
ǸҲ֪ղŵġڤġ֮޳ǸϾԼܹϢȻٺòˡ
̯ͽ
޳û˵꣬۾صɵԲ𾪵֮УǿڤĺȻģٵʧ
ͬʱ޳Ըоڶһξ壡
ɵҲóڤǺöʱõ޳ضлһϲԾˡǣڤȴǴһλǿСģ
үô˰ɡ
һĻŮӵһ˿飬ŭһƺ쳱֣޵þĶǡ
޳ûа˼ֻðԷһȣΧеĹʧһӣײǱڰ֡
һԶԶε޳оԼûаԿĻᣬԷɱ÷·У˵ƿˮ
ӣ
һߣŮӰΣ׷޳󡣲֪õǺþգ۽ܲ׽һϸϸĺɫٶȱ޳Ҫ˼֡
׷ˣ׷ˣԪ֨ҽС
죬׵ļһ޳ôһƽﴵϵ¶һ޶ؼʱȴǵӡ
ϴκԼ㱻ֲһǿߣôȥسԼҪȱˡ
޳ؾ쵽һڱƽΪأֱֵ꣬Ҫ뵽ٵĵ
ֹ޳û㹻Կ
Ϣƽɣ
Ԫر䣡޳аȣɲʱоԪȡɶ࣬һ˺֮γһǿɱ¾
Թ۵Ļܷ֣޳Ҳɫǳ֡״аɣÿһ͵ȴֱҪ
Ȼǰ޳û뵽ԼһζʩչԪر䣬ȻΪ
ۣ
Ůһָ޳ɱ¾µıѩһ㣬Ȼ顣¶һ˿죬ȻҲû뵽޳Ž׵ΪȻܹʩչ
һ޳ӳȥʮԶ
ߣŮһߣһãٶ׷
޳ս˷ӡλŮӵʵ¾޼ȫҲһŭ֮ɱ
˴Ϊ⣬޳Ŀ΢΢


110 ֲ׷ɱ
ˣֽˣۣôôùһСѾͷ׷ɱغ
޳ˣܵϢȽһҧԪٶȴ߶ƻöһɱ¾ܲ
ۣ
⣬Ůһָƣƺ˿ûӰ쵽ֻǴϸ΢֮ԲϳһĨĺΣ
ǿѹ𵴲ݵԪаޣǾŽΪҿ㻹ʩչ
Ǳܼ£޳оĿʼһɹע뵽֫ٺ
ɲʱ޳ĸ֪޷Ŵ¾ǽԪҲ͸֪ʮԶ
ֻҪһ䣬۲쵽ԶľɶķֲŤᡭһжسʶγһͼ
ҺĴڣ޳ſܵڣĻ˱Ů£
ۣ
˴˵Ϊʵ̫޴޳ֶξʩӴһ֮׷ϡ֮£޳һεԪرʩչ
һ죬ٶȱԷƣ
ȡ
޳һͷĿѣվȡоеԪȡһգ¾Ǿж丵βʣ
ǵӰ޳¶һ˿ЦǿڤԼЧãȴҪΪ
ڼʹԼҪҲ֪Ӧôˣܲƿｫȡɣ
ݣ
Ůͣ޳ǰЩϸܵĺ飬պȾдźεľȣû뵽ССľŽ߾ȻܹԼ¼ôʱ䡣
ң޳ʩչ֮¾Ѱгɵǿ߶ȲϣԾѡ
ܴܲ
޳Цţ˫һ̯ȻдȣڤĲҵı⡣ȻʹɱңҲûа취أպлٲΣ

ŮкȻ¶һĨ֮⣬ڤĸʲôѰĵرǴҪòŮҵ࣡
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һȦɫȻڱס޳ԭȵĺڰĻһεǿÿ£޳оеѪҺҪȫԼ塣

޳ֱѪҺһӳ˴ԣ۾ǵѪ죬ǿҵʹϸ𣬻ڲ
СӣסСӣ
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Ҫô
һдûĸûоȻأܾôȥܣ
һǿ־֧޳ҧ֣ռͻͻֱȻƤúܱѪ߳·һ̾Ҫ͸Ƥƶ
Ůӿֲ֮£еļı־ԵƺΨһĽ֡


111 ̸
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޳֧ţ־ʱܱ֮ʣȻһ죬еʧӰ١
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ڶȴǼΪ鷳Ǿ޳ӵλڶءʵǶԼǳţ޳Ҳھܴﵽһ硣

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֪ңȻѾʹɱҲûа취
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112 Ѷ
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һ˱Ȼ󲿷ʱ䶼϶һߴߴŮֻʱʱءšһ

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113 澢
Ǻǣԡ
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۵Ľ֣޳зһ˿ɬԺиֳһŮյ׷ԼĻ桭
ѾʹпգʱܹμӡܳЦеģ˹֣ûб飬ĳ͸ˡ

һҶ˵ˣһ޳еǻ۵Ĺâ֪Сʲô˼Ը⣿
޳һ뵽ż֮ʱֳܷĲ۾΢УЩġ
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ܳ걻Ƥǣŭ촽ֱ£ȴһ仰Ҳûҳڡ
һʯ𣬴ó䶨عԾֳǿҵ֮⡣뵽СѻٲԥС޸ܷ壬ȫܼұȵĽ


114 㵤
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̲ܳסЦЦдźεĸ߰ԷΪأڻ֮ʽͽʽʱ״ӣܼҲسǵĸӹ壬׮¹Ÿ᲻Ը
νӹ壬ָЩʵ㣬ѡһЩڵļ塣ÿҪҽһ깩֮⣬ӹԱֽϸߵĶԡ
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ܳһûеףһƿϮֱĵ
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޳۽һǸǸжǰùżҲδԼˮԪʱҲˡ֪ΪԼ˶٣
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һŮӣΪԼ־Ϊˡ
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޳˫֪Ĵ㣬뵽ȻƵ˳̶ȣ̲סʹ
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޳֪ԼսɱСɲ⣬ҪԿгɵǿ߾ͼΪˡһλһƴľǡ˭㹻ǿ˭ƿս
СӣйԪ𡣡
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е֪˹ΪԼһУ˵Ϊĵһλᣬ¾ǳʧһ츳ܣ޳Ҳϧ
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սλǿ߼սУȻ㲻ʲôǿǵӰĹ֮ǾͷˡĪ׼ʩչɱУĪٳȴ䲻һСԪʮ䡱Ժ塭
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껺תͷкһĨŪǾãԼļްɣк
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ңҡ
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ȴû뵽ڹɵǰеļ黫ı˲һһ̣ˣƬп֮塣
Ҫ˵ˣ¾ĹŶ壬ԹʱҺ˵Ͼƾ޿츳ִƸ꣬żڳԴöȡԴӦ棬Ҫ


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ȿȣ꣬ҲΪ롣ܷԲ˵
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Ų̾Ϣʱүүʹ⣬Ҫ޼ұ־롣Ȼһż֮Уسǣ츳ξѣ·һǹżұƲйϵسᣬżұؽҷ𡪡
Ϊ㣡ҲΪżҵδ
һֱƽ¶һ˿ˣ̲סҴ֪ԭǹżҾȻǿԼŮģδҿҪҲա

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ԼԸǿԼ޸ϲ֮˵ΪԼ鶼ʧ


117 ʢĻ
үү֪Թޣպ֪үүΪã嶯㵱޼Спܿسǣ
ŲҡͷֻͣҪһ˳֣޼ҶҪΪƽأгɵһЩνԽܹ⣿պĻ磬޼СӲգˣض·һ
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Сг֮Ĳ࣬ŲôЩȻδͻƣɿ֪һһ޴ĺ蹵
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ȹŮ۾һУʱǧūҡ
Ȼ˭ҲҵѬ



118 Ÿþò
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ϸֳһƬ죬ȻԼճǰ֮Сӹȴûܵõ˿֮ͬ⣬еֻһƬ볰Ū
ܷ뵽ҫ±ǳΪһ֮޳¶֮ʱ־սڡգֱܷͬСһЦ

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һ̣ʶվһ֮ɫ
УһӰ̤ݣ򶨣ɫϣΪȾһɫĹâ
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120 ˭ң
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޳еĳıΪһ̣˷һءԪȻתһص޳ȻԾ״Ļ档
ѵ˵ֱʱزſ޳Ĵ㣬Ϊˣһֱĸоӿ
Žߣеƣ˵Լǲˡ
㿴гɵʵף
һɫиâ貣һ˵Сɵ޼ɵôгɾۣ
ΣȫСӲŲ֮ȫһ
бٻ˼󶨣һЦվŲ֣Ҳ˵һ˿ë
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޳ƺһգꪻ涸ȻʧһɭɫĻ֣޺Ģ
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޳۾һԪرչһ·ճչȭһݺݵء

ղŵһַڵʯ֮䣬аûܹóֻ޳صĹ֮²϶ӣԴҲȫԤ֮Уû˾޳࿹ʤǶӿֵܼʱ䳤Щ
ȴû뵽գۼתۿ޳һ۵糸£пвص
Ž׾ȻܹвгɣʲôЦǣЦЦȴǰˣ
ۣ
һͭӴô޳һݺݵغص塣ǿ֮£صǱص˳ȥʸ
Уһ֮ǰ޳ĹĿãһֻҪصб٣
ѵŽɱгɵ񻰣Ҫô
Ͷ޳ǣΪĿģ޳ȴûаԵ֮⣬һĨεĿЦǷ𡭡

һʯ֮У˦˦Դվ˿ûˡһ۾Ѫ죬̲޵աޱȵķŭôҲû뵽Լһʱ⣬Ȼ޳УӲ˰һ
һԼҪУ
һ뵽ԼгһջһѰʱУܴоѪ壡
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ѭžע⵽ȫճ˻ҽ֮һ㵭ɫսסһսţȥһľƬɣľϲе֡
ǣת⣬Լ޵ȴ޲ʾݣеĶƷƷ
֮УڷսƣҲΪ󡣱ϾؼʱһսһΪԼ˭ҲöķһЩûҪ
ϧʹԸͳ˱ҲδܹһսףǼƷսף
ؾȻһƷսףѰ֮УⶼһΪݳ֮£سֻһ֪жôԾˡ
޳ĵǾޱȣһλΪУֻˣϧϧ
Ʒս¾ɵǿ߶Թƣıŭˣξžޣ춼һ
̾Ϣ֮ǰٲ޳֮ˣΪı۷ϧȴעһزۣ


128 ľ
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ǳ鶯һ£ԣ˿żƷսǼ衣Ϊζţ޳֮ʱȻҪս֮ܶһ٣
㲻Ըϣ뵽ղһɭ׵Ļ棬ǲͷֱð⡣ɣղǻǿʢϼֱ֣ӽԼճޣ
СŶ䣬ȻӵôɱֶΣܳδɳ֮ɱض
棿㾹Ȼ棡
˸£һƬŭ֮ӿ֣Ϊ壬Ȼйᣬɼض˻ġǲ֪ҲˣȻñ֪Ͳıóѡ
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޳ЩŹֵسһǣ˴˵жԡˮݡڶټߣԵԡ
˵õһЩУҲֻĽʣ뵽ʲôħ
ĳԴӵõ֮һֱΣԾԲ塣Ȼ˴Ȼĳ潻Σ
ԣʶбһ̰֮ɫѿڵʶʱ񡪡
ע⵽޳е֮ɫʶ˲ԡһ֮ɫŭ壬ͼı죬ΪͶһ𣿡
µɣǽ̾Ϊֹ
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һɱã֮ϯȫ˲Խ䣬ޱȾɥ
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Īյ֮һǰ´ˮԪǰȥݻΪľڳسǣ
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ڴ£ҪôѡԿҪôֻܳ
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Х𣬲Զ̤һλ״󺺣һ·߲ԾСĵ绡һ׵ľضá
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ǶԣΪ˱޳Ӱֱ𺳲ѣһ˻⡣
̲סüһŷΪһ֮Ϊͬгɡľ֣Լ컹˵޳
ȻоЦ˵뾧๴ᣬҪԿңƾˡ
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صһһڳλɨָյ÷ףҪǲӦأ
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ˮϵ⣬γһǲԲε֣ת䣬ų
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130 һŵĴ˵
޳ԾŽΪЩɱгɵǿߣȺպսʾܰ쵽ôҵһԳƣ
ľ̾Ⱥ͵ص˵ֹ̽ơãȴû뵽ʵǽš
ˣԽһϲͨȫڴڣ֮̽֡˵ʵڲҵ
ǣ㵹̹ʡľҡҡͷ̾ΪˣŸŰ
̶࣬һƶûܲˣѾԱƵһ֮òȫԸ漣˵ȥ˭˸ţ
ʵǰֲòţ
ȿȣֻЩˡ޳صȻᱩ¶ԪܣֻģӦԡ
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һһֿޱȵĻֱͷԣ޳ȴˣ
λȻǿˮԪϣˮԪãȴǸðնԿسǡ
ԭǡ
Ƕӵͬһˣأ
⼸˶˳ͻơҰģ϶ųǣҪ˵˵ĹС
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˵ǰ޳⻰ʣôں׼Ů֮Ͳһˡ
λŮӿȥԼ£ΪѾ
سǼ̳˺ųƵһţʮҲδ̤СɣڶҲɫˡ
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131 񶼣
ÿһϵŶܵĽȻҲ⡣ľʱڶ׳֦ϧܾˣһɡϬɡ롣
޳һԼµʲô
ȻڱɨӣҲ㲻ʲô£ϾܾҲһˣ˭Ҳûн·ϡ
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ƾ˭ʤ㣬ĽԼǱָ󱲵̬֡սֳ˵ԤϣսУĽǱֻǿмܣ
ʱϬɿ˲ԣϧûиֹĻᣬڵڰУڵһȭĽ񷣬Ľ񷵱
ľ𺳣ɬУǰУλڵӱһȭ˾Ľ񷡣ʱĽʮ꣬ӽʮ꣡
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᯵ͷкȻһ˿Ϥĸоüʵڵ˭
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޳һɫ࣬ԺԵһӰٶȸ֡Ѫ߹˱֮
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ǿ޳ı飬ȰЧε̾˿εΣȻ⣬㲻ɵģسвͲλس
ס޳ָ֪λ档
ǺãҲˣпջӭͣôЩ꣬ҿɺټǰƳһˡľǵҿԶһҲûΪԮ֡
ǱŷҲ΢ЦŴк޳ΪѷɫǣƾſԵֵصʵҲƽȵ̬ˡ
ңǱӰʧ޳һȻսľУ״֪񶼵ʮǰλ߹λΪû뵽ܻɱǿߣ
ȥˣ񶼵Ϊôﵽ˺εȳ̶ȣ
ɽѹδ޳иһ⣺ǰ·裬ұһն֮

߰ɡ
ƽ飬޳ס˹ƣǣؼҡ
żҵЩ˼޳һؼҡȻƽ
˳ףԥһ£泯Ų£ؿ˸ͷүүѸߣԺ겻ڣүүٲ͸񣬱塭Ůߵף
һߵл׶
̲סգǿסʹʧ䣬תȥ
Ų΢֣ȴҲٻԼ֮ǶһԿԽĺ蹵׹żҵѡ񳹵Ůġ
޳ʧıӰ뵽ȥǰԹżҵĲŲʣŲ¶ŨŨİ֮⡪
ϧЩһأ

޳Ź꣬һ·ɳۣϻ޼ҡ
ХڵȺõˮԪչ֮һƾܵʹĥټĸߴվȳ˸߳һͷԵúơ
ԱߣһҶͬţ޳Ȼǳ
С˵Ҫȥ㣬ڲŻˡ
Ȼ޳ȥ˶ķգХȴɣΪľǲùеڡ
һᣬоޣǿס᣺Ϊ꣬޼ҵسǣΡ
ɵѾͷ˵ʲô
ХҡͷǸǻ˵㻹ǣۣ㲻޼Ҿˣس޼Ȼʵ΢ȴҲͷ
үү䡣޳æƨ
СӡХЦһţҲ֪ΪΣԴȽ֮ϲʱʹ޳һš
ůӿ޼֪سǵȻѹȴЦ֮˿ûǨŭԼٰ㰲ο
Ա칤սսٰģ䣬Ѷ޼ǿҵĹС


132 żı
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Ѿͷ̫ǫඣҿ˵㾭츳ˣǾŽʵ޼һѷɫ̫ˡ
ХЦԺ󰡣׵޼סţļң
ҵļҡ
뵽ʲôƳ޳һۣͻȻ档
ˣܣҴһЩϢ¿꣬Щᣬż֮бչأܻʧ֮ż䣬ԭȵ󷨷ʧܶ౻ڲصұﶼˡ
޳΢˼֮ǲЩնɱ˷Ȼָϻүүˣûϸ̽
ԭҪż뾲һȵ󷨷Ż򿪣żȫ֪ȷѪᡣ
ż֮ΪעĿһ߱Ϊ֪ã˺ܶ˵죬ȴسǰѳţ˿
޳һسǣ
ºҲ˵ˣ˵ûбʱҩ
ʱ޳ż֮ڣ˹ȥйЩϢܷ֮е֪
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ʲô᣿˵ֲȷʵǿޱȣҿûӡ
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٣Ȼֲ֪Ȼʲô̫ϡ£Ƕ˵ҲѵõġɱˡνɶδܹӵУο㣿
ԪϰԵر޳Ҫúɲֲֹһ;ˣǸСѾͷĻģ
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޳һ뵽˵ﴦǿűɫĻģʵ㲻˵ûֲӣ⻯ֻǰô

Ԫһû뵽޳ǵôεصҲû뵽ûֲӣȿȣСӣˡڡ㵽벻
޳֪߳ŭˣæտڲ˵ֻıȻ˸ָ
ʵ̫죬۲Ǻ֣ܳˮԪЧҲѵ˼ޣǵõļƷҩĻֻܰͰ
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˵ǣҲ˵ǡ
ԪһĿǣеãȴֱգܹȡֻҩҪúҩãܷЧá
⻰Ǻ⣬࣬޷ʳãͨţ򣬽ʳţ֮⡣
޳ܿˣȻѵĵ൱ҩ
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޳뵽ԼӴǧزأͲʮʵӦż֮еĽɣǵһ־ѵųǾû˶Ĺ
޳֪ʹľûлģȴҲܹõٺôƾǵʵȫܹͻǧزصҩ
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133 ڤ鲨
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һҶڿգһﵽÿһԺ䡣
޼֮˷׷ӿЩң֪ΪŪ˴󶯾ѵسǴ˲ɣ
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һԪɢ漴޳ĸֳһƣƱ˴Ťᣬٵγһơ

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ݣ
ĵڤ鲨ԪĿ²ƣձӡ˵֮Ԫϣһâ䣬֮ѹơ
һᵨ޳ҲͷƤ飬ֻҪԪѹƲڤ鲨ڵȫ̱
ʱԼܹȫһƤҾǲĽˡ
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һڤ鲨ˮ뵽˵ΧڱŮܵĺɫɢ˲١
ˣ
ڤ鲨뺣׷Ͷ˱Ů壬ȫû벻
ŮٿȻ˫һһҵĹâʵ޳Ǹо۾ۣһ㡣


134 

޳æȣ޷̫Ũҵڰ㡣
Ů֮ӹһ˿ã̶ָһ˿죬ü޳
ΪʶһȻ׸ղŵǶôΣա
Ҫ˵޳ˣ¾ɵǿ֣߳δܹԼܴһ
Ϊˣ޳ĳ֣Իͬʱһ˿ĸоͷ
ΪʲôңŮޱ飬Ǵ¶֮⣬ȴ뵽;¹˽סϧ
Ȼ֪ǰŮþˣǰ˴˶ûб뷨ⷬϵͣ໥ֽߣ޳̲סӿ˲١
ȡһ޳ſںߵ޼ҼѵһŮǰҲԮ֡
ৣ
ʱŮһȻֳ޳ָۣȴܶʯ
СƤҲ̫˰ɣ޳û뵽Ů˵־Ͷ֣֮Ǳرܿһ
ŮһУתۣȴ޳һСƤӹһ˿⣬΢٣
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޳ҲѾԣܿޱȣһӱ˸֭ˮɣԼոҪʩչλλԴǱһǣʹ
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޳ɵˣû뵽顣
ʱŮվص޳ǰ˱
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䣡
һźȻ٣˺һۡһʼۣΧģγһʮɵɫС
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Ѿͷ˵ĶԣȻ츳ߣĿǰûоٵʸ²ǳ̫֮꣬ҡ
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ٶȳŮֳջȥڤ鲨ӿһֻɵĴƿնȥһץ
žžžžһ׵类ץ˷飬̶ڤ鲨֮Сһе֣ûп϶Ϣ轵
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죬ǵлɢҲ֮ն˷顣ŮһѪſ˵ϣҲ޷ȻٻӰĸҲС
ϧٲ׼Źһõķп¡εķɫף˿˿⣬ȥղŵҪС࣬Ǹ˵ĸоҪΪΣգ
ԶɣĿӵǵУХ˶оһ飬񶳽һ㡣
ڣֱ޷ıŮӡ
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ݣ
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֪Уһ֮޳ĵһϤȴȻӿɶɵؽڡ
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ܾĵģ˶ס˺ҳ
ԺͻȻ޳ӭٵһĻ㲻ԥȻһָ޳


136 ڤ鲨
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֮ڣһźɫȻһ٣أȻűһָ룬Ĺ𡪡
ڤģ
һ̣һֱ˯޳ڵڤĺȻʼԾһµɢ˿˿ڤ鲨鳲С
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Ķ󣬵֮ǰһҶѾɢȺټ޼ս˵ĿҴֵķΧڻ粻壬Է鵹û̫Ļҡ
Ѿȥ죬޳СĵطڷϢȻĺƽȣҲǼΪʢȻûѡ
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˶ѵĻڤ鲨ȲϹԪ𣬱Ͼ߿ܹɱСɣصжҪơ
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Уڤ鲨սһãǾƳ󷨽ƣ˵еĽڤ鲨ǰһĴڡ٣ҪǾڤ鲨ҪЩǰ
һЩñﴦ᲼󷨽ƣƾʵƳЩƼΪѾҺܿһСģ±ﱻ١
ڤ鲨һǰЩȻ൱ڲˡ
޳ͷĿЩǣʲôõķԿҵʵô
μ٣Ĵ̼ˣԪϣԼʵԶ
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ʵǿô֮İ徳أ
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137 ƻì
뵽سǱߵвˣ
ԪҲЩΪˣʵѾˣҪȫʢʱڣƺ£ڡҪӵСһսʵȴ̫һЩ
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Ϊĸ̫Ŀ˷ʶؽ֮ԣҲʧ֮ˡ
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ݣݣ
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ʧϵĹּǻת˹һ棬Ծ޳üġ


138 ʵ
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ӣСҪ˰ܽƻìȫɡһﵽǸʲôĹ
Ǽʶ㣬ȲʱԪ黹Ī
ꡱ񡱡ìʧٿøɸɾһҲûУ֮޳ʶжһƪŹޱȣаܹ
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ָо뱱˫˵ѹͬԱʱһִѹ޳ʱȴǿԽնɷ飡
ʱ䣬ȥɽΣ˳ҲԸѼһЩԪ²
޳ĬĬͷһʧڷ䡣

צ֩룬ƷޣƷȻ̫ߣϰȺӣǿ֡
޳ڼɽǰһò֮У̾һͷĥ̴Сĺɫ֩룬޵ɫâצӼת
䣬צ˿̺綾ӴӸ߿䶾Һǽ뼫ɽ̽յðΪ־һޡ
ǰ޼ңĺսצ֩ʱҲֻѡ˱ᣬȴΪ޳ʸǷȱ
ݣ
ֻ֩˿֪ԼѾ޳ſһڵ˿³ۡض˰µ֦ɣֱ޳
һ޳ֳ˿ץȥ
ӵнϸߵǻֻۣצ֩޳дľٶС۾б¶˲̵ɫ
͡
һǸ˿ڴ޳ʱȻȼ˹ɹɰ̣һ·ѭ˿ϣֱȥ
֨צ֩뷢ﱻ˿еˣѪᱻٸʴǽʵ̫Ź֣˿Һڣȴ˺ֺ
ϤϤצ֩޳ƹצ֦пٻͬˮһ㣬Ų
ͬʱϷ˻֮һĹҶɭɭضס޳
ˣԪ˷ָܵӣ취Ǽеһ
޳ͷŲ㣬ǰ󣬡͡һ˿󣬽һǳӣǳӱʴÿݲƽ
ˣһֻֻֻüһʮֻ
צ֩ɱ޳еԱˣȺ׷žҹɫ֮£һȺ¸ҽųҹա
Ƭɭ֮Уצ֩ɾһԣһ㳲ǻԵģ¾ǾŽʵ޶Ҫҡ
ݣݣݣ
ȻǾˣǰྐྵȻٱӡǵӣתϴǳǳЦ⡣
һ˿һּ㱻һ֣ʧӰ١
޵׻䲻㣬һĻȻǲ˾裬ȴûܼʱʮֻצ֩˻˻Һ䣬յõһڡ
ƻì䣡
޳һü֮ǣѭһµĹ켣תһεĲǰ
֨֨֨֨
һ£ٳٶۣצ֩ȺҲˣУǰ·һһâı
Ŀ֮类
Ϊ׵һֻΪ˶צֺ֩һʴת󡣿ϧΪʱ
ƴϷӹƻìǿĲֱѹ꣬ࣵһ֫һ
⻹δ꣬ƻìգһֻֻצ֩תûǾڵأ걻
˻ֻֻצ֩룬ûܵӰ죬ٵӴ֡

޳˿ĬĬһԼǶʮɣ룬ƻìûɱϧ޷׼ȷĹ
ղһйצ֩ȺȴֻȻΪ˹Χ
һӦöСɵǿǲСвԪϣһһ꣬¾ضҪͷۡ
Ԫһ߿Ԫһ߷ʹӵмƷս׷Ҳĵ֣


139 ŭı
ϵļƷսܹסԪȴδܹסϾһͨļƷս׼ֵѾΪˣȫԵطǴδسܳܡ
ǹȥ˼ʱ䣬޳սм˻ˣ뵽س棬޳и
Ϊ׵ֻצ֩Ӧǡ󡯣ϸ飬ˡԪ
޳ǰצ֩ʬóȥĻļ׿ǡצӡҺǼֵƣҲֵҡ
޳ԴȴǿۣʹȡҲֻ˷ǬĿռ䡣
ৣ
޳ָһ㣬󱳺ȡһںˣô
ҰɣⶫԽвСôԪ鲻ؽ֮˶ڡ
𣿡
ţȻƷߣֻƷȷ䣬еҲǡƷޡˡ
Ԫ޵ʵѰĹкܴĿԴƷ޵Ž׽λ
һƷ޶ֻӵоŽʵǱ֮ȴܳԽһ硣
޳۽翪Ҳλǿ߿أпܳһλ֣мֿġ
ں˶ʲôô
ѰĲ֮ͬڣǿͨںʵֻҪ㹻ںˣǵĽٶȿѰ޵ʮϣ
Ԫ̾˿źصϧΪ쾦Ʒ̫һЩպΪҲΪֹǱƷ޵ĻֻҪʱ䣬ͿԴﵽΪ
޳΢һĬû̫źԣܹռѾ֮ϲˡ
ʰһ޳תȥ
ߺգһ֧ðնӴϲطصצ֩ʬ壬ССطһʺơ

ת޼ң޳δ̤ͥԺȻͷһͥԺˣ
ƻì֪֮޳Ҫɱ˹ȥܹһΪ֮ǿɣԶʤ֮
޳֪ǿǰԼ޿ɱܣԷҪ޼Ǿּ¡Ȼˣ̹Ȼ߽ͥԺ
Ŀһϸֳ˾֮ɫ㣿
ɫ֮£һɫ۵ıɫȻվţٿıЩգ΢ǣ·ʲôˡ
ң
޳˿ܱ˴˹ϵ㲻ǢǿԼٵķϣҲ˼Լ鷳ɣ
šƺ𣿡
Ŀת޳ɫ˵ĹŹ֣·żţַ·żֲ⣬·żԹŭ
޳ʵһôҲû뵽۰Ͱ͵ȻǹԼƣһʱмܳˡ
йĸ˴롣
Ǿͺáף΢΢ҧ촽ҿԷĵءˡ

ݵתʵ̫˼ˣû޳ӦһɫӰЮһӰ޳
ǼҶôԴ˵𣿡
޳ܵش߶λλһ̤˳ʮԶƲ䣬֣лú˵ʲô鶼
ɣ
Ӱ׷ָ赭дط޳ؿڣֿɣһ˲Яŵȴǽ˴Ŀģһ֮ĺɫ޳ͷƤ顣
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Σ޳ȭȥߴһȭһáڶ۵ָȴǼʯͷ
޳ֻһǿÿµķ֮ȭͷһۣ屻߸ص˵ϡ
Ӱ
һӰ̤޳壬ֱӭ˱㡣
Ϲһε֮󣬱ﻹϵϤһĻ֮³ɺӿͷɫʱһ
һָڤ鲨ɢɵ˷Ӱ̧㣬һų޳ȥ
أ
޳һŲȵȥûܷһԴݽ˵صס
ڷԼ鳩ķƵշһĨƤ׽Ц⣬һһŲ£

˭
ٸ
أأأ
һֱ޳Ӱˣ̧ţɨһ֮㣬תߡ
á
һӰͷش˳죬һİԹСү˭˭ˣ
ոΪʵ֮ϲøʧӰ٣޳ô벻ͨղŰһͨᵽΪİ㣿
૱Թ޳Ī𿴱㳤㽿ȫһͷα
Լ㳤߰˿ԴҲǾȥ



140 
صԼķ䣬ϵĿɫɢ˲١
죬ÿʱǰ޳ֵٵһĻȻͷģҲ޷
ʮУǴδֹ˷ҵ
һֱԼػǻʦҲûӦδ֡ħȴǰֽһŵı㳹ˡ
ԣ޳ҪʸΪʲôҪԼһ޳һĻΪˣ
һ£ĹﳹŭˣȻҴҪаľ
Ȼһ֮ͨˬ˲٣һĻҲǰζˡ
صͷԺи޳һ޹رԼȽص׵ΣһЦ⣺
ţ죬ȥ

ļ죬޳ˮ֮УλŮʱʱһͨˣûط
޳벻ףֻȭͷý˵Ĺ޳ֻðҧ¾ԺһҪһس
Ȳʹĥ֮£޳Ǻջ
СܵĽ̵Զ޳ܱ⣬ϰʱĶǿߡȻʵս鲻㣬Ҳ޳ɱȡ
ദˣżҲ޳ķһָ޳Ȼʡ
ȻֻֽǾ棬û޳Ϊ޳оԼԸ似Խˣʵս
ÿη˼뱱Ľ֣޳Ǵջ񣬶̶죬ԿµЧá

Դӽ˷֮սĿǰͳһسǶûнһĶ
΢еȴǿԲƽ֮һӿ·ʱһ˿ܱ
֮£޼Һսӵδɣ޼ҵ˲εԽԽߣӵжһ
ԴͨǿߵУشʹǵģԣЩ޲
޳ҲðյһЩｻڣõԴʱ򣬹ľ޴÷˳ԷӵþеԴ󻯵á
¾һҶԳڻȡԴ϶Щ©ڹУһûаѡ
ҩԴĶ൱Ҫһ˳Դܣټ޼ӵܵΪһǧ

䳡ϣƲƽеĳȻһʮŵɽسŶѹȥ
飡
һ죬ֳ졣
һΪֽˣǱ̬εʰһҡҡͷҵΪǲһס
̶࣬ڶĵӵʵһףǰ޷顣
ƽ츳ǿģԴ֧ȻҲ졣ϳɳصĺӵЦ
ˡʱĻƲƽҲûгμʱİ̾츳ʲôǰֵһᡣ
ǰҪ츳츳ֻǾһ˼֤޳Ĵ棬п
ʲôҿ۶ܹȵҲǾ޽У
ԣһ죬ض޼㶫Щ棡
ÿ϶д˷ܣ˶δ㽡
֮ܣ
ͻȻһ䳰ʲôţһȺûмк
ʲôˣ޼Ҵʴǣ
Ʋƽŭ޳ѲǼ򵥵ݣľ֧
ʲôѣֻҪ뵽λ꣬ͲᶪԵԣ޳
һȺӵܾ뷨
ǣ޼ңǼδܽ»߹ǲС
Уһɫ߷Ůӳ䳡ڴΧŮüһɫĸ߸ϡ
㣬ҿЩСط̫ãò֪ԼĽˡһʮˣȻŽʵûУڱɨصʸûء
һСŮЦݵظ͡
ţ˵
ͷ°΢ȥѸղǸҷ͵ļһȴۣ̽ǫ˵ĵ
޼Һӵ۾ͨ죬Ǻö˶˵д裬һȺŮ˹Ǹ߰سһͨҪؽԼȴۣǺεȺо
ǲǰһ˾ͨ
Էɨһƥѹоӿ˵ĸо˿үӡ
֮Щÿһӵа벽λʵ


141 ڣ
ţλС㣬֪ǿе֮æ˻Ʋƽǰŵ̬ʲô֮޼ҵķϡ
ͣ
ŮӲмЦ޼ʲôӿڵۣЦ
һӣһϾӿ
ش󺧣ΪԷֳǿΪԷСڡ֣
ǹֱгۡһѪԶԶˤ˳ȥ
ף
ûһȭأҲЩԾûжķѾһۣԣȳǼ߾棬ֵһӡ
ؿƲƽ˵ԼϽŽҪԳ֣
ƲƽͷֱΪԼˣ׼ŭˣһӳˣ
ʶ̧٣Ҳϧ
üʳָԿۣһ
ۣƲƽʩչĽɽһָ飬ޱȵתȻΪһն˫ţ
һӣؿţǶԣνս޼ҲһͣƽһŵȤǷȱ
Ҫǡ硱СҪһңȥֺǸƫƧ֮
˻ۣ
ͻȻͬʱײɽͭңȻź˺ü󲽡
ô£
͵һĿ⳯ȥֻλҪȽŵ޼ӵܰȵվš
֪ʱվһλ鵭Į꣬һ˦ָۣԻջء
ѵղž
ʲôˣܹһСطز֮ʻ֤˵Ĳ²⡣
ƽҪҪ
޳ֱƲƽʵÿһۡǱһԴʽΪڵӺܵ
û£л
ǻƲƽ޼ӵܣ޳ǳ˿
޳ԪڻƲƽӹˣһƺǿƽ飬ص޼Ҳӭǣǿˡ
Ȼк޲ܽڵĽɷ飬Լǰ¸߰ͷ­޳ȴף¾õʱ
ԼĿǰʵսܳǿߣǶڶԣȻө֮ˡ
һѭ򽥽ǲز֮޳תںӵܣһɹһҴȥ˰ɡ
лڶ޼ӵܹ

ҵ˭ԭ޼ҵļ֡
ȻǱߵġ硱ǺһЦʴȣ׵ķϣһ㹶ҵĶ𣿡
ԭ
񶾵ص壬Ǹ֪ܵŮļ֣
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޳ٿȻ֮һɱŰ֮ȻӿԣԼܶ裬޹ؽҪȴκ裡
οԼҪĸף
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ЦţǸŮ˳Ǹ߹ڣȻ޸޼Ըʲôڵڵӵĳ裡
ž
һӰһĶϣصֱȷݡ
ף߻أò˹ľŭغҴң㾹ȻҴң
㣬ҵ֡޳ز˲ƣƽ
ȻЩɵǱţȻ̲ǲ޳Ը񡣶ԣˣαհǰ˺
Ҫɱ㣡
ݸ߹ܹ裿ռֱ۽
ͣ
ָȻſɫĹâָָΪһԲḥ̂ɰѹ޳ͷ
ĥδһɰԵƱǳһֵ似ߴ弶سǵġذ˼Ҫǿһ
ȭĥȣ޳֮Ų̵ɫʡ
ϬĹ޳ȴֻģ́ɨһ಻ԪĥһЦ֣ĥҿĥЩ涼
ݣ
޳Ȼ֣Ƴպݺץ䣬Ĺתһµɱ¾ѭࣣ֮̽޴ĥ̺ǯաб鿪
ҽУһѪ
ղķ߼֮ʱѾڹеԼ޳һƻܵشޱȡ
ˣ
ɫһһĨ֮ɫ毺õݣŭָ޳ôĵӣȻһڵĵӣ
޳ƽһۣһص˵޼ҲӭǣƫƫҪȡ裬Թ˭
ȡ裿
̤ǰϴһƺָһս˵񻰿Ҫʸģ㡪ʸ𣿡


142 ѪӰ
䣡
أһɻɽȵϢ米һȥ֮𺣡
СǶŭˣСӾȻС㣬Ѱ·
С谮֮ˣƸ߼似ֻһɣҲ̤ƽ޼ң
٣˵޼ҿǷǳҪǸŮƴͽ޼Ҹָ£ǵǲͰ
ȵϢëΪ̡֮
޳ı鶸Ȼһŭ漸ͷһͨѪƬջ𺣡
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ǣΥ˰

Ҹһᡣ
һƽ񱻻¯˿һ㣬Ѹٸɿݹѣһƺӷ϶͸
΢У޳ֻҪ¹ϴһƾ䣬ҿԲɱ㡣
һ᣿
޳һЦ΢°һƳŪ֮𣺡¡ûʸ񡣡
䣡
ɱ¾ǣ޳һ㲻䣬Ǹ֪ȴŨҵѪҪնա
˵ƾһյĻ޳ƾն
նħնħ
նֱǰն
ȥɡ
糹ױŭˣǣһ˿ȻӶȭСɵȭͷ׹䣬һĺɫβص޳Դ
ҲﵽСɣټʩչ߼似ʵս֮Ų֮ǿһ
һȭ⻷ŵջζһĪݵѹȻҳͺռ䶼һȭӺˣ
ܹʦãС츳㲻ϧ̫ˣȻСǰŪô
ʹСɵǿߣСȫԸ֮Ҳһȭ֮ɱСֻûкڵĻˡ
¡
â׹䣬һǿѹըһ֮ȻըܣȦŭķ
һȦȦɢ䳡Ĳʯѣ˷ĩڰգա
쳾֮Уһȴǻ𣺡ѵνʸ񣿡
أ
սģһֻȴ̽޳ָһһ󣬾Ǵץ¡
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緢һʹȻĵĺâȻڶԷһ֮·׷ɢǹǿ֮£ԼָǼҪ飡
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޳ĶȻһһ󷨣ٻġƵƣҪǿ
Щڵÿһ˵ʵﵽ˰벽λ磬ƾ衰֮ǿߡ

һƳĽͬһѪɫӣеĳϢҪΪǿ󡪡
޳Ľﵽ࣬ѪȻƣſϰΣֱ𶯣Īظо
ѪӰ֮£ԿɱһĨ̵ɫ㲻ҪҵʸôҾúÿ
ԣнƷ˿ҳϵĳìȻҲǼƷ
ңĳһ֮Ǳǣԣɱǿߣ
֮޳ӵƥΪĻԲֵܵ
ৣ
޳Ŀһһ̤ʮɣȰǰֳ̽гץȥĵֻҪƻˡѪӰ󡱵ĺģǿҲûа취Ӧ
أ
޳δܿǵõٻƵĹһ֮£һȻֱ֮
ң޳Ӧʱһգûбˡ
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ô
޳ɫĮȻһĨȻ֮ƶȻӳһǳǳĺɫƿٵظֳƣݺݵسѪӰץȥ


143 
ɴЦ⣬ȵվԭأҪ޳ˡ
Ȼｩͣ۾Ȼɴһƻ֮ʶؾҪˡ
ˡ
޳һȣ֮ʣڤ鲨һ֮½Ǳڡ
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ৣ
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һ仯ۻңƫƫ̿羪磬˴ֲþѹԭȲʤȯѾ޳УԷա
㣬ҪҶһëڱضҪ̤ƽ壡һֱ񶼵ͷźδܹʲôۣ޳гôһǷŭǾ֡
С֣Ҫ㣬޼ҶҪ޴ᣡ
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Ҹһ޳ҲǷӦֱӻУͷһɽͻ
ˡһ£Դһ£˵˳ȥ϶Ѫ

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ĸߴȳƣվţһǵصѹдٿһͷȫɢһļµ⡣
ŵĳǳʾ˵Ұģ
һȥ·飬־ֻ֮»̲סĤݡ
ˣ
޳ֻԴһըѪֱ嶥ϣһ˲ͨ죡ضǰ꣬ۿѣ·Ҫؿ̽
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ʮ꣡
ʮʱ޿̣޳߸ϵ߹޼ҵ
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ڣ񶼣

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һΪʵˣıӦѾλء徳
Ԫ鴫Ȼһ˿Ź֣ףԾƺЩֵϢ
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ΪˣݺεȻڱг˿ǿĹ̷ҶķϣҾҪ㴦
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֪Լ֮ǰľٶˣ񶼵ĻġΨһǣԼ˾Ȼ޳ǰϵһ覴á
˲⣬Ǹղܹݺݽѵ޳裬Լʲôʹͣһ룬ǿ޳񶼴ĺ⣡


144 ׼
Ɒֲ̣ܽ·ϣڼūܣֹ翴˻ᣬߵ
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вˣ
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޳оۣսܹ׿⡣˿֪УָѾģ̹ǵ۲࣡
ʮǰһĻǰһ׶ĵĺ⣬޳Ҫʧȥơ
СӣһȻǿûΪʵ塣֣߰˳ɵİտ
Ԫʱһ仰޳еĳ嶯˹ʹԼܹն񶼵ķΣ
𣬶˺СҲһЩˣпܻᱩŭǿ߶Ը޼ҡ
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⻰һ˶ˣǼڵһԾŶ¾Ϊﵽ徳ĳϣʱҰʸ
ǣǰһΪͣŽףλûϣȻ˵
ȫ˳߲һǶôŭ⵨޼Сֽܺεŭ𡭡
ãܺã
Ȼŭˣɭض޳ĿһˣʮǰһʱŹһǴҵĸ߹Ѫ˿ܸı޵ĹӸ
Ȼˣȥɣ
䣡
ɫƶȻһ޾Ļϵһƿ£ֱ޳ͷʱ޳̧ͷһŰ֮ô޲ľûעĽ䣬ﴦԪƷ˸һ޵Ĳʱɷ
أ
ۿǵɫ޳ͷһֻȴӳ̶żһաȥץηɳ涼һ֮£ڵļ⾹Ǿʹ
ƻ䣬ҲֳӰ
һۣûκξ˵ɢѹڽӽʱȻʧʹ˲
񶼺˵ֻĮȻɨһۣ˿ĲصʲôʱңҲѪ߹ˣǽ֪׼Կ䣬ҲЦ
ʣǱ㣡
˵ʱǱŭ̶һ䡰׼ǡʱɫһ䣬صصʲôˣ
һг֣㽫ת޳ü޳˺ֳۣһɼΪŨҵɱ⣡
һɢĵи֣Ȼݸ޳
޳˿ʱѹƴĴ㣬ûκԥĵҩľٶɫ滺˼֡
ʻҲش𣿡һڵ˳Ϻȳ


145 ڰ
䣡
û˵꣬ͻȻֳһ˻Ӱ֮ǰԿʱֹ
ʱľǰͬͨڣֺɫǾһ㣬ɢ˵Ĺ
ϸӣе񶼻ᱻȥһĺڶ
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ԭȷӡһĽѾԽԽɳڣ໹꣬ǧ꼫һʵض
һƽڰΪ
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ֻҪﲻֽ֮£ҿԱ֤ղŵ˵ֻЦ
Ϊƿ˾棬һŴݵصķһ֣ڻԮڰ
һƬž
ģû˸ڱǰˣ
Ԫ޺޵صҪмʱ䣬ƴҲҪС򾳣ڣ
㲻˵񶼰˰֣С֣ۣ
ǣ
ӦԾԾҪ֣õᣬʱһͷ׷׸֣һѪɫĽ֯ն޳
飡飡飡
ûǹѾ֣Ķܼ򵥣ֻǳŽĳ˼ơ赭дļƣȴɵƿѪӰ󣬺ǡ
ûɱ֣һʱҲҪ
Ҫ˺񶼵ʧˣԼƺʧˡ
˳޼ңûϻ򵥵ص̤ط
㣡˿һٱãɭɭȻڶһ˭вˣѡ˶󡪡
ҿɱ㡣
û˵꣬һƽصزıʵǿҿ
񶼱һ䡣
Ҳ֪ϲʲôָָ磬ӦúҪķһ
񶼱һ䣡


146 ֮Լ
˵֮ǰ񶼽ŭĻôڣЩˡ
ԼϵĶжҪսϣԼ롰ڶ㡱Ŀɣпܽ롰㡱
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üⲻҪġ
꣡ĳŵղ֣
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Ҫ˵һӰȴǻ̤ǰΪڣ֮˲̤޼ҡ
ǱΪԼڷôȻҪܾ޴ѹȻˣȻֻһ֮˽
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һı䣬΢΢СԴص޼ôдֻⱨ°ˡ
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ι
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ߣ
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ʹڰԱӻԼҲѡӱܣ
ղ񶼿еġ˼¡شʹһ뵽ǸԼŮŲӦܵҹҹʹ࣬絶
е˼𰸿ɲҪġߵһ૵ù㣬˻á
ıӰ޳ͻȻӿһ嶯㣡֮ܲڰ㣡ԣڣ
һ٣ʧתɲǣһЦȻţǳǳýҡ

꣡񶼣֮ҿɲټ⸱ŵ飡
޳صȭԪ飡
Ԫ˼صʱ䣬ҪӵжԿڵȫʢʱڵ򵥡ȴЩѣǡ
ʲô
ܹõ㹻ԪڶأԪͣһεص
޳һӦòɣ
㲻ףڶҪͨͨޡѰƷޣɱǧҲδ㹻ԪЦ
޳һƷжֻǡѰ֪ҪǶôѵˡ
ڶأҪҲҪﵽɱҲǶ伮д˵ġޡұǴɼޣ
ѹԪһԴҲˣһƷ޳ڶǾŽʵƷܴﵽСɣƷ۷壻Ʒпͻ
ڳԽƷޣʹεȵޣһʵ¶ѷɫڰ徳ǿߣ
ԪƺӴ̼޳򿪵ڶعͲε϶ҲҪе츳ޣ


147 ֲ
Ц
޳оɬеȲε޽֮ʵǶܶսǿˣԼնɱޣﻹõŵʵɱڣ
ѵ֮ԼֻݺЦô

޳ҧסвĻȼգ
ǲĻû·ߣҾ֪ⶫһֻޡԪ
޳Щɻ󣬼ʹޣԼɱкã
ֻѾˣµĽˡԪ͵һ棬ʱôҲ֮շ
޳۾һ˼˵ֻҪҵֻ飬˳̷֮
ϵˣֻĿǰȴǶ򶥼޵֮飬λǱǵضã
Ԫңֻ޵浺֮ϣҪлӽһ˿֮շĿܡ޵Ȼֻһɢˣ浺൱Դ֮ҲǲС徳ǿ򡣡
޵⣬붫ٽ⣬ƣǿĵ칲ͬƾٳ
ѹԪ˵һ·ԼʵӲ浺Ļøȫʬǲ³ˡ
޳˫ü΢壬ʵǰ˵·ߣôضн취ɣ
Ȼ·ͬס
ԪÿһΣ޵֯ǰʮ֮˶лǰ浺ܡΨһĻᡣ
޵ѷɫ֮࣬Ϊռ˹Ϸǳ޶춷ضƵ뺷һСģпܶ
޳˼ȻһЦܶΣգҲΨһĻ˲ô
Ԫ޳¶˾ģǺã⺣ʱ䣬㲢һҲûСεһκûᣬܹ벽λӵ˴Ϸһʱ
޳ͷ͡
УղһˣҿȷţǵĿӦҲԪͻȻ
޳üëһǰ޼͵õ鱨ϡ档ֻû뵽񶼻һԿڶԴ˴ˣ
ԭֻЩɣǱɽСŮǷȷˡǸС硯ŮӵĻӦòֲӣƷ൱ͣ
ֲӣ
޳һû뵽ԪеõôһϢʱȻˣѹһ㷢ñȾָԭҪֲӣ
ܹԪƵƷͣöֲֻ¼ֵǳ֮ߡ
Сӣûе뷨ôԪٺһЦֻб˽ѵˣСӾȻڱǰţߺߣһѵԵñҲ̫˵ˣ
޳üĿǰʵԿĻʹԷֻҲ̫ء
ôܲ
ԪߵһֲȥֲӣȻûжɹĿܡֻջصϢȴǺѣĻģֻҪõõͿԻֲӴˮһգȴǺ
ֲӣ
Ԫı޳֪Ѿ˰գĿвֳһ˿âϢǽڴ

޼ʵ̫֪ˣűڤҶڷǿɺޣ
߳޼ңĵҪҪū˼޼ңū澾ͲǸŮ˿Իס޼һ
񶼲Ӵݣÿһ̤мʮԶسɴ硣ָĿǰҪһж֮ΪҪߣڰ˳٣һһˣ
Ӣ
æֻͣһ뵽Ҫ޼ˣͺܲζ
ߣꣿ
Цݶı鸡գʮǰҪǸŮ˿ధһ޼ҡˣڶһνĴûᣬôһ֣ڵ
ŵò˵Լ˵ʮǰ֮ǰŭΪǸŮԸʶ޸˲Ǽ
ҪǣһޣʧȥһδõĳΪĻᣡ
ԭѾΪɣ˸ᡭ
磡ǰسǣһ仰ءɢԳɡ
ū
˷ܵص֪ڿɵż֮ϣһ㲦Ųöñ̤
˵س޼ҲгԹȻˣǳֶԸ޼ңӦòʲô°ɣȻûйϵ
һƶ񶾵Ĺâ
ǿ֣߳ض޼һҷ


148 㺮
ۣ
֮ڣ޳һƺߣһϺɫѪ̱ǵζʱ
ͣ޳һָԪѪޡ촽һظӣΪȻ£
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ΪԹȻһ磬ӵΰɽٷǳ˵ΣҺ񶼵ֻһǱˣֻҪһ˿Ԫ¾Ҫѹ촷ˡ
Ԫ˶٣ֵѾͷҲãһŰ뼫Ʒҩڸƣֱݳˡ
ÿһֵҩĹЧҪϡҩΪԭϣҪӵи߳յʦ
ԪϣһŵҩƼյʦڸǾԵֻһ㣬ܹս˳Ϊ֮һɿ֪һ
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УУ
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ӣ޳СָǴСһ龫بɢδȥ
޳СĵԪƶϣ֣˿޷֮žɽȻ
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ԪƵؽ͵뼫Ʒҩһǿ߲ˣǵΪҲһĵϢ֮ܽɾ
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٣ǴԪץ׼ᳰŪһ䣬㲦ԪԽ֮Ͳñô
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ڰ츳ܿһԸҩȻڻ¡
Сɫһžɫľһϸܵѷӣ񱻼ѿƵġ
գۼ䣬ҩ㻯һڤ鲨֮Уͨһת׾ٵ뵽޳ڡ
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޳Լ֮Ҫ⣬һÿһϸۿԪӵĻâ˸˼֡
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Ԫٵһ૵Ǹʱֹڰʮɣּλҷûȶǿ츳ˣ
֪뵽ʲôƵ˿ϧֽʱҲܳˡ
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飬Ʃֿ֮λʵ̫ңԶˡ
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޳˵ǬԪΪһЦΣһżǲòȥ
ãȻ¶˾ģǱ㶯ɣԪȻԸϣѡ޳ΪȴǷǳ㡪
ȺֻһأҪ֣
һ¶ģǰ·ѣҧ¾ǰУⱾǳΪǿ߱رһʣ

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޳ٻ˽˴ԼǱԪˣһųԪ˷ܵ˻˻Һֻ۾һη塣
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Щӣ޳֮ʱҲָԼе޳ָѾȫա
յĶ˲·
Ԫȷı֮޳вصȫ˹ܿɹʱ䲻ǽֽʵһء
񣬵Ԫ̶ȣѾѰ벽λǿߣǷȱ޷һĵðˡ
߰ɡ
޳ıȻһ٣תͥԺһǣһӰö¹ӣòɷ
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Ǵϻ۾յϢһϵƲ˸ţҲ³绳رضǡֲӡ
޳֪̹ʳϵ
֪г𡣡ҧ촽΢üʵҪԶʤ㣬Ҫȥȡֲӣûһʤ㡣
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޳ͷ֪ĵԸ⾯ԼǼΪѵˡ͵ֻʱɣ̰ˡ⣬ҵΪҲƿҪͻơ
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ף鲻ģֻҪȥֲȻҲзգ̫󡣡
˵ţȻĬ
޳ü˼ӣĪӿһ˿ϧϧһ뵽ԼȻǿ߲ͲЦ
ȥӱзɳһ
޳ӹⶫǳУķᱡıСоóⶫ͵þˣԼĹԽ֮ƿ
ǺܾǰʦҵĹ㺮ףзЧЧͬʱֻܿһ
һ赭дǺ⣺Ҳòˣɡ

޳סˣȻ̫˽ȴҲ֪⡰㺮סǼѷɫڼƷս׵ı
𿴱˵ɣһƷսױǶҲܹӵСο֪ϢֻսױǼֻǿ
ıʹڰҵ׺ʵҲһɣ͸Լ


149 
Ҳʲô˲ıΪͻƣȥ֮ҲҪһսס㵭ص
˵޳Ȼٻؾˣֻý㺮аסݶ顣
ִӻͳһƿ滹ʣ˵Ļǵ÷һţԾһ
еĴƿҡҡͷЩźصҲͷЩ鶫ֻˣĻǿԶһЩ
ողűԪһñ֮׸޳ֻοЦˡ
ͬʱһ㶣ЩĶҪ뿪𣿡
ɫ֪ԼĴ֮͵ıֽȻͬΨһϺĲ²Ҫȥˡ
š
ͷĿ¶һ˿ǣǧ꼫һҼȻѾɹ٣ҪȥܴУҲðʦ𡣡
Щס޼ңᵽ˴δйĸоںڰȻҲǵλ磬û˵ҵԼ
ָоǷȱһЩζ޼ң϶ߴߴ飬鲻ˬʱСɳԾҪࡣ
ǰ챻ѡв볣סȥ뵽ԼΣʦĽ̻壬޷ǰ˽ˡ
޳ĬˣȻԴӽӴ˫ƽû죬ô֮󣬶ȴһ˿΢ĸ顣
޼ʱãһҪ뿪޳вӿһᡭ֪ԼûԷֻصصǺãҵĳŵ䣬֮ǲұڤѰ㣡
鼤֮£޳ԼҲû뵽⻰˵Ƕô֮ڣǲҪһ䡰Ѱ㡱ôһ㺣ɽ˵ζ
ɫһƽĺ汻ͶһʯͷһĨǳǳκ측գһšȻգգۼʧ
޳һʧıӰ̲סӣߵĵǸɴࡣ
Сӣʧ˰ɣ˼֮뿪ǰԸһѾǺܿˡ
Ԫѵ˼ҸһᡢӵϷô
޳ʱźߣһǻ֮鶼嵭١˵ĿڵʵڲѣֽԪϳƤϻַһٱĳ嶯
ٺ٣ɵˣʹСĶʵĺøУڵҲûǷʸȥգ
ԪصǺڰѾͷȥڵݼߣΪ츳˵ڰ弴ʹǸʱǶ츳οҪ˼Һڰ֪ôһֻ̧̧־Ҫˡ
޳ĬԱȻûԪ˵Ƿ˼ȴҲ֪Ļ˵úе
Ա츳һĴҪúڰ֪ԼժڤĵĻµȴԼıؽ׷ɱ
Լ̫ˣ
޳ģһƮ˽ϣż
ǣˣХһ˫Ȼһ񣬴ŵȦνƵĳȶʱƿ˿ֱʡ
һһ𣬽ɫ³ΪһСڵ㡣
޳뿪ãһӰֲ̤ЩӤʣ˳ƮȻһ壬϶
ղֲԱ޳Ȼδܲ
˫ֽ֯ȭĿڣԶүһᰲȫһСǧ˵ǲǣ
·ĻһֲҡΣ΢΢ĲɢСԴγһˮá
ɢݿǽͳͳ֣ЩľݴԷ·ܵ˸¶ԼøΪ棡

ʵеٶҲǼ죬ӥ֮Ҫʤ١ҹ峿޳ż
ﲢûǿҵ񶼻ûпʼж
Դʧżȫ¶ǰֱƬȥ࣬һȥ߼ʡ
ڽϣĿԶʮ⣬һɫСͺܱʮ֧ÿһ֧ĩ˶һݣΡ
⣬Ȼˣ
ɱԭʼ̬ûбƻӡ
´֪ɵĽػ޳֪빥һսز⣡ڵսδôӦҲûгˡ
δңҪˮ㲢ףȾɡ
޳ĬĬⶨһĽ𲱾ȥɣͣ鷻⡣


150 ˽
һ޳ķԸھ鷻ͣ
ԪȻϡУܹѱճΪ衱ȴǺܶࡣʵֻа벽λһЩȻǲֵһᣬڷԲųǣȴޱϡ
ǾôҡڳŽ䣬޳ĻţӶһЩҪ鷳ⷬš
ӽ£޳һ֣㽫֮Ԫ֮СԼһۣʵʵؽڸתüܶӣҲ˼֡
һȻΪ˱ⱻһϳ鷻У޳ĲҲ̫ۡ

аˣʮȥһûͨͷ컹ܹõڿԽԽˡ
Ҳѹְǰ촳һصĽֻǴƷޣڽĿǼƷޣҪͨùؿŮҪƲˣ
˵ҲǡֻҪͨڶؾܵõһƷĪҪٺ٣
Ǵˣǰ洳صǿʹˣҪ봳ڶҲҪСɵʵǾųǣ߾ŽʱӵսΪô
ߴһ޳üͷ΢壺Ʒ
ϴ鷻У֪פǸĴسǡǡСֳǵȵȣȻҲ칤
ЩǿسҲǿ൱ˣǵĵóһƷֻҲϰ졣
ۣⷬԼƷһŮΪ
˭ôǣ
ţ޳ǰȭɳɤʵλ̨֪Ǹղ۵ĴһʲôСʮֺ档
ĪֺΪҲˬֵصҲʲôܣСֵܴԼ˲Ų֪ԼǰһŮӣؿֻҪоŽⴳһأܵõӦĽıֵˣ
û˵£ģŴһ˳˹ȥĵõһߴڵļƷޡɼ׹ꡯĿΪһ£е˶ˣ
ɵɼ׹꣡
޳΢У޻ǱڵļƷ޸ˡ𿴽һ߼׿ǣֻҪĸִһļֵǵֵϰƷսף
ҪǣڵļƷΪɱޱΣգʲô׳
ǰ治֪ŮʲôֱҲ߯һЩ
ĪӸпԳЦҲʲôĺĵӣȵġֻǿЩʵۺ찡
ɼ׹굹ҲˣϵĲϴҪֶδһʹáĽ۲
һ׳ʵ˿ڿˮ˫ͫʯ갡˵ںΪʳҩΪͣһƤǾҪܵõһ⣬Ч²Ʒҩ
߶ԣҪȻʵˡȻҲֵ׷𣬲ֱӼǿΪıҪѷɫһ
ţ˫ͫʯꣿԪͻȻ˵ˣеصСӣǣֻ˫ͫʯꣿ
Դӵõ㹻ԪԼܶÿһָ㶼޵ķʸնܴСĺô
Ȼ˵ضԭǣ޳æѯʡ
ôܣ
ĪӿЦһֻڼƷ޵ʬ壬Ǽֵ൱һƷһε֣ο˫ͫʯޣ¾Ҳóİ˰
Ʒޱ̺Զʤ࣬ټϾɣǵĹӲ̲ëƤ͡
ʦУƼ֮£ղļֵԶʤһƷ
Ϊһؽֻ˫ͫʯһֻ֣Ҫ˳ͿԴʯġͫںˡƤëѡһߣĪ
ʯģ
òֻ˫ͫʯ꣬ԪЩʧǾϲ˫ͫʯı㹻ˣ޳ߣҲȥ
޳֪к½٣ûԥ󺺹ֵлȻٳָʾķȥ
Ǻǣ˰гĪӸ̾ˣ֪кôǰҲûǵȥ
޳ѹȻ䲻
Щ۲ܳɳѧش¡һ׳Ц˻̫˵㣬Ҳ˵ͼȥҪԸСĿ
Īͬصͷ뵽ЩܱţҲڵһأҳ¶ӣҡͷЦҲ̰ͼǷݽ


151 ĵ
ͨˣͨˣ
ѭĪָ㣬޳˹ؿ֮ûһһող˵ʮ˴ضûܹͨôһȴ˹ȥˣ
Ƿ϶ˣһƬյΧ£˲ߣ˷ۣܵѦ治ǱԼ̳СĵͷţǡѦġ䶼ûսɣ
һӣ˳ͨһأǴûзأ֪ѡʲô
޳վȺ֮⣬ӷ϶ȥҲЩţղһ·ϣԪе֪˫ͫʯĵôԼԣǲɻȱĺö
ΪʯĿǿ
ʯܹ˺ԣȻΪǿ֧ɽٺԴȪ࣡
ʦõ࣬ƳһšѪŵҩ֮ѪԴԴָȳҪǿ١һѰĽҪգ۹ϡ
ֱʹãһҲ
֮󣬽չȻΪѾǵ츳ԼŬֲܹõ࣬ؽƶٽ
Ҫѡʯģ
޳ӳڣĬĬص

ʱλСѦᡱӰȻ߳ȥʮ䣬ᣬһɫ߷˫΢ƫÿһ̤Ǿʯ䣬Ϊ֮
ѦĳѾ˵һأ֪ܷѡӦĽ
ѦǰһŮӣüԶɽ޳죬޵Цſ͸ĵǻۣ̬ȻһӺݸ߹
ϴЩɫ촽԰ףһϮɫˮȹһҡҷˮ˵ϧ
֪ΪΣǰѦĽҲ˲١
Ȼԣ˫ͫʯġͫƤëͷ΢ЦЦдһĹ֪ѦҪѡʲô
Ѧеֱ̣һɫͬʯ࣬һ˫ơƵ۾һɫƤë
̲ס촽Ŀ͸¶ŨҵȣɷΪҽһ
ԡ
ﲢܾʯĶдôǿ׳Ѫʯں򣬾뺣ɱ࣬һ۾ܹٳϣУʱĿپħƤëȻųơʯꡯȻǿƤëֱӴϣЧܶʱ뼫Ʒս
ƷսΪƣ֮࣬ӵһ޸ԡʹػֻҪһޣָܻԭ״õ
ȻļƷƤëȴûԣСʱ䡱һ˵
Ѧ۾ˣָ£ҾѡƤë
Ǻãľϣ鷳ˡｫ̽ߡ
Ͻ͸ź⣬Ե÷ǳһȴľԵúǲϡ
ؽӹ̣ٵĨ£ʱһֳڿŤᣬϸƱʱһӡ
̽һץľɵشȡ˫ͫʯƤëݸѦᡣ
̽еˮû˵Ҵţ˿ôҴһڣľϵоǾη
֮ǰؿ֮ʱǵȾ˵ĽҪֱͨߡ
λľϽǻһŽǿ߰һλ벽λǿߣѶ
һ̣ӿ֮ףλƲ۵ľϾλɵǿߣ
л
Ѧϲؽӹ˫ͫʯƤë̲סһ£ɫƤë֮У΢
¾ǳҲǾлӴƷ޵壬ο˫ͫʯںһ뺣ǿ߶ҪгԿ
õƤëѦҵĵȫ붯һλּƣʹ֮ΪʵļƷսף
ƽһ飬Ѧῴѹֲס̰Ѿ˵һأ֪ܷ񴳵ڶأ
˵ţת˳ڣʯݲŶղǴӵһʯ˳
üͷ΢ɲһ£ӣչأǽûȥһصĻѦӾͿԿʼڶءùؿһ죬Ѧĵȴ

ѦЦĿΧȺɨмصѾôԹΨѦĳԴһأһܵشǰ֮ѵ˲֪
ɨͷӿһŭȴǸŭԡѦᵹҲˣΪֻоŽףһø硪
Ѧģ
ѦԭֻһǼڳһλšѦġ귽ʮ˾ӵ˾Žʵǵõһš֮սǿԽװܵС
һ·޵ɣμսȻδ񵥣սҲĿãڷ䱻Ϊһһʮ
֮ͽΪǿߣһٽѦΪ˶
ԣʹѦżΪҲûԸΪ˿Ѧҡ
ۿûԸⴳأüͷøˡѦɨһȦ֮תȻûԸ⣬򿪵ڶأѦĳҲá
ԡ
ڴʱһͳȺȻЩɳƣ˶ȴһ


152 Ѧɱ⣡
ৣ
һȥЩ޳ǰ˻ŲǵӺ񱻻ƨƵġ
Ҳѹ֣ҪǽѦڴùͷǻҪǧУӵ˰ȫ֮ǲµؿ˵֮ˣ
ʲôˣӾȻô
֮У޳߳Զֿһ·޳кһ˿ΣǱҪԸڴ˿ע⡣
ֻǸղţλѾ˵һ죬޳´ᡣ⣬Ҳһͨһأ˫ͫʯģԼɾ׷Īˡ
ķҴ֣˻ȥѦһмغȳ⡣
޳ûд𻰣ǰѦʵȻǿᣬô֮Ѧս
ﹰֵλ볢Եһأ֪ɷ񣿡
ٸһλᣡϽ˻ȥҿԲɱ㣡Ѧᱻ޳ӵ̬ȼŭˣ̤ǰһϬĵƵ˺ë
޳ûлشֻǾؿ
￴޳һ磬ɫ΢֣漴ʾһ¡λľ߳˴أԵȺ˴ؽ֮š
ǴصĹأֻдʧܣܰһλ
Ѧɫ߷ߣľϵĿѹ֮£Ų鲻Ը¡սλɵǿ߿Ű
⣬λľһʹӵģǳ˳ܹõʵū֪ͣĳˣ
ԣΪ֮ˣѦҲǲòѡá
ĩˣݺݵصһ޳СӣԼڻ֮ڣĻұؽ
޳һЦԼв˶ˣԼɻúúõġ
˶ӣ޳Ը̫ߵûᡣʱɣ˳˽Ǳڵв

ʵøھŽסľ۾޳ɨһȦ
޳оһɨԼ壬֪̽ԼΪΣ̹վšΪŽףһЩֶΣ޳ƾɵΪ޷
ȻľϺܿջ޳͵ңһһ൱ڰ벽λսĻսʣµֱ൱Сгɡ
ľȻΪ޳ܹͨأֻǼԵؽһȻҲˣֻҪͨһأܴ˫ͫʯʣµѡһ
лľϸ֪޳ص
Ŀ˳ڵʯݣͨľϽ⣬ײ³ؿʵѡӵԽսʵߣ
뵱칤ԼӶŵôǳƣֶֻθΪɰˡ
Ž벽λ֮ž޴ĺ蹵ͨͨ츳ֲҲѹֹؿͨ޼ˡ
Ѧһܹ˳֮ӵмǿ֮ˣ
Ȼ޳˵Ҫͨ벽λĿ飬ʵɲˡһǻұֵһ㲨ײֱ롣

⡣
ﾲؿţʵľϣ㿴ղмֿͨһأ
һԪǷǳӦǸոͻƾŽײáĻҪͨĿԳĿ飬ǰǡ
ľҡҡͷ̶¶һ˿Ź֣ūղŲ̽ȴǷ֣һѪȣҪ磡ȻΪǿ󣬵мֿȡܹ֮֮ڻĿԳֵ
Ŷ
صȻѹ㼱ҴҵȻҪӦþ˫ͫʯˡ
ﰭޣȻΪʮǿ󣬿۽Ƿһľ³˸š
ūҲǡľϹӦ
ֻЩϧˣԭųһˣܹһЩǿߣôȴûջ񡣡
̾˿һ£΢΢ü쵹дţ˵һǼУȻеԽսгɵǿߡ
ľŨü˼һ˵Ǹ޼ҰɣҿűضܹԾŽʵԽսǿߣڵҲӵܳ׼пܣǼ
û˵꣬ǻе˼ѾǳȷȻ֮˺ұĻԡ
⵹Ҳǡ
ͬεƳһ۲ԶѦսΪҿʵӦܹɹͨڶصĿ顣ֻǿϧѦΧȴ޷֮ˡ
ľ֪˵Ķʵ飬ϳγεҲֳһĨ޿κΣ
ǱߣѦϥϥϺһĵɢǿҵĲԶԶȥﵽµһſ
ȻضһƷ
ŵһػңѦǹճһ˿⣺ҵ沵ҵӣСӣҪܹųұҪ֫նϣʹధ
ܵǹŨɱ⣬Χ˷׷Զ룬ҿ
֪ѦԴսո¶ͷǣڵѦҶڵĸ˺̨ѦԵһԲŵ鲢û
ѦΪѦĵĵ׵ܵܣ۰С͵õԴڣսȻΪ¡ң±ָΪԵᣡ
Ǹˣ˭ãƫƫѦң˿ҵж֮⣺浹ҲˣǻųֻҪܲٻﰡ



153 ı
ҵĹ޳żļΪƣľһ󷨣һս
·ǸӦ˴룬һһâ˴˵ӽϣս֮г˳
ܿ죬һֻߵľ޴ԳγɣһɫĳëУ˫ֳϥǡ⣬˫üһűպŵ۾
Գ߶һ˿ĺɫâƱ쿪ܵˮһڵĻεˮһ̶ͬƵĸ࣡
ս֣һ֮ǰõģλǿɣһ㶼Ʒֻһʹãһ־ǰˣǽɱ飬ƶɡֻҪ鲻׻ܷʹáԪ޳͵
ԭˣһÿζҪһսأҲ̫ݳˡӦһֻˮϵްɣ
һΪֻĿԳ޳иֵһᣬϾش
ĿԳں֮һͨƷޡȻǶҲǲˡ
ԪϰԵذˣֻҪע۾ˣƴһʩչ츳ܡ飬ӦòҪҶ˰ɣ
޳һЦĿԳĿ׹ʢһΣҪʩչֶν֮С
ͻȻԪ鼱еصס֣Щԣ
ಣ
޳ദգ˴˼˼Ĭͣ¡
ĿԳӦ޳֮ǰĹͼ˫ĿȻһݺݵһЮŰˮ޳ͷȴǡôһܹ
ұ˲ֶΣһһᱻ˿
޳΢һεĽǶȣԪʾķһۣȻһ澧ɵľӣ
ǲթ
Ϊ֪ⷬ⣬޳⶯õƣֻŹӰƶͷĿԳĹ
ĿԳʩչǿ󹥻ȴ޳ı߶ţŭ
ԪһĬȻٵһЦӦòǣҲ֮⿼飬ΪѡǱ˰ˡַһЩÿյʱõ
޳ҲǴӱ֮˼Ȼ˼ľ۲ң
Ԫ϶ٺһЦҿŮݸ߹ҪԸĻǲݺݵչʾһܹӮҲδ֪
˵ĶȤζ޳ӵǷֻбȻһָżΪ֮⣬һҪĿľƻ񶼷ֲӵļƻ
ŽΪͼԸ׼޳ƴڲμôܸߵ£
˵أ޳ɲսǰȥʹϵһԷϵԼͶˣ
ಣಣಣ
мƻһ޳λλʩչøƵֻһĺӰζΡ
𣡡
ĿԳأһ٣ȭصسŵ洷䣡
¡һһ㺣Ƶˮıըһףǿؼѹܣ˲䱻ѹʵʡ
飡
һˮɫŭ޳ǵأΧơһȥ޿ɱܡ
ȻЩҪΪʵʵ˺ֶѹȸȴޱʵ
ԣһ߽ûҶʵսʱҲѡ
һѡԶԼĻսпڼս֮бѹ꣬ˣܿҪѡ
ҲĪΪ֮һЩߴ֮緢ʧ֮ɫҰ߲Ͼ񱼣һ㣡
˵ǻΪֹûиĿԳֱӶս˻ǲרߡ
⣬ȻʧЦ
ڴ˵֪֮УԸֺ½Ϊ嶯޳أսҲһζӱܣӡеĴͬ
ǺǣȷʵȤҲʵСΧڵƶٶ¾ͨλǿ߶Ȳϡ
ľ¶һ˿ЦݣѪ֮Ȼǿ󣬿ҪĿԳӲӲĻⲻСѡµķǲԽĥ֮Ȼһٽ֮
û˵ֱ޳ĴֹڴˣǣΪĶԷѡӱܣΪʲô
ƾο˼Ҳ벻Լ˵ĿӾȻѱԪ鿴ƣ
ĿԳŭˣҪʩչŭˣľһŻңԼֳһ˿ڴ
ʱǵصˮ޳ŭ֮ʣ
ҲһЩӼߴأ¾бܳѦᣬһʱòѡӲ޳ȻҲ⡣
һĨƤЦǳǳԾѷλһ֮£Ҳǲò¶ս
ˣ
ǣӳһĻȴͬʱ󾪣һвԽ¶˲˼֮ɫ


154 
谭رȥ׷ǽڣһâը֮Ŀĵ޳ȴǹʧ
ôܣ
ĵڴգͺ˵ͷһƹԴ˵ġڵûʵʵɱʹ޳ıУܵشˣܱ촷ۡ
ΨһĽ;ǣȻӹˣ
쿴ľϵ͸һ˿Ȼ
֮У޳֪ģȻسĿԳ󣡾ע⵽ͬһʱ䣬޳ݺݵһϥײ鱳ϣۻʱһǿ
һŭ˺иʱԳ˺ѳΪ飡
ôҲû뵽޳Ȼȡɵķʽ˹أĿԳĵ츳ܡδʩչ㱻ֱ걬
޳˳֮󣬲δȥϥ¾ĵϢ·ղһ̫

ѾȥʱˣûжǸ˲ιȥ˰ɣ˿ȻرյĻҴţص
鲻ûзľڵһʱ佫ѣ߾ȳ
Ҳף֮ǰѦҵΪжô³çڶ治ҳء
⵹пܣǿЦûʵͲҪú˳Ц
ѦǸֳһ˿סɫֽ˼֣Ҫװӹһ٣ɣ
̧ͷ֪ܷͷľϽȥ˴ʧ棬Ҳüʱϳʡõʵ֮ˡ
ģˡشĲľϡ
ˣ
ʲô˼ѵǡ
֨
ҴŴĹâкһݵӰһ̤ʵâһֳգ˵𺳡
âɢ¶Ӱ
ûˣ
еڶ˴سɹˣ
һ𣬱֮ǰѦᴳسɹ󣬱Ͼ߳ţԶԣǸϲꡱյĲݸ档
ӭһƬ޳վǰֵЦ˳ͨ˵һأ֪ܷѡһ
ıշգ޳˿ڷһ㡣һ쳣ķӦѦˣĪһǿҵĶ⡣
ȿȡľѡ
ؾѣһ糺գָܿ򶨣ȻԣҪʲô
޳ҪõĽԤϣȻ޳شҪ˫ͫʯģ
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֣ľȡʯĽ޳òʵӿԸڶأ
޳һݣ֪ղûܿԼʵҪš˼ת¶ɵ飺ʹڶصĽǼƷô

϶صͷ̯һɫĳģ׽ʱ˵Ļʯһ壬Ļɢ¾λǿ߶ҪķѴԪɱΪˣ
һ̣֪ٵȵģѦһҪƲסվ
޳һҲޱȣǳ̰֮ƾ˭Ҳ
ıֳһ˿Цһƽŵصȴ޳찡ڣ껺̧ͷһ֮³һǲˡ
ıʱͣ
˵ʲô
ü޳һɱϷŪ˵ĸоĲˬ㲻㴳һ߰ģ׽
˵ڶҪСɵʵ޳̯˫֣ҲԷƱҪȥսλǿߡ
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Ҵ޳ڻҵıҲӵǿƵӡǣֱǰӾԼ˵ǰ򵥣
Ǻá
ûоһ㣬תҿƺǡáۡһЩĵã֪ӿԸҽһ
Աľϵıһó޳ΪǿȻսĿԳʱЩֶΣСɻϲ̨档
ƾĿǰʵ츳ʸСΪζмӣ
Χ߸ǰ⣬ôû봳̸߽ҽԼ֪
ǷܹϹϵպ֮;ض档޳϶Ҫϲؽ֦


155 Ѧ֣
޳ķӦעҪʧˣһ룬ëըа
Ȼˣ
ԪµĲ۰ؾǵˣҪǱߣ
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޳ǸȻгɣضǰ߼
۱һ޳ĻشسԤϣѵôҪ֪֪Լ̸ֵúãõĻ
޳ܴ죬һŭȴǲ䣡
ߣҵҪڲʲôͲصôʵ˿Ŷ¶
ΣյĹâһţָӺݱ飺̸ϸ߼ֻǻְ̽ˡˣΪֹһû̹մ
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δأؿµģһѦɱˡ
۶ԴԤϣĿֳһ˿âѦԾӰľϴһ
ľϵ˵ͷԪתһ޵֮⣬ԼԼγһεĳޣ
ѦĹһв޳ȡ
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˺˿ռ䣬ԣһɻã֮ⱻһߣֱն޳Դ
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ңġĵ弶似Ҫذ˼
һѦѾ洫һ֮˿ڹŲ֮

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뵽޳ĿԳƴΣ뵽ĿԳ֮Ϣľٶ뵽Ըʱϵα飺
ԭûνصƣ
ڴһʱ֮Ҷ㣬ҲȫľԣûаմҪһЩ
ƫƫԼȴǰΪǣһζӵδչֳֶΣ뾡һа취ʩչǺ˾
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ҲɱʣȴҶ
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ڴʱѦȴͻȻ
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ģѵû
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˻ʵѷɫһЩĪ⣬ǵʵȤǽصúܴгɾ͡
һ뵽Լ˷飬۾һ޳ǰۺ޲سһﻹ
޺޵صǿУֻ֪һζӶݣûаǣص

ľסˣûмǴĻղƺԼֳȤİɣ


156 
ߣ
Ҳ֪ԼӦùˣӣҪܻѦᣬмʸ񣬾̶ֳҪԶˣлҲֻ˳Ц
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ľϱŹ֣ȻΪͻȻת뷨ǴԣԸԼСŮ̬
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͡
̲סЦˣ֪ǰ˵Լ˵ѩǺڵģҲ˵īˮǰ׵ġ
ߵһȻʵѦҪѷɫֻҪıֲ̫Ҷ뵺ߣԼ˴õĻᣬʡ
ۺȻһ٣дһ˿˼֮ɫľҲͬʣ޴ˣ
һǿҵͷ˴һʼ˼ѵ˵ǲǰĻǡ
ûܣ

˵뷨޳Ȼ֪ңҲûжľȥ²⡣ʯģǹǿҵһѹֲסĳ嶯ӿ
ٶͻˣ
ΪˣѦֱһӰԻԷȻת㺮Σ롣
鷻㣬½׵ĲǷԲųǣһЩɢС̼ңרŹЪŵĿջҲǲ٣޳ûĶʱѰһƧס¡
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һϣϷ·ӵһ㣬ϵϣкʵȡ
˫ͫʯѾǼƷнΪϵȵĻɫˣʬֵϴʯƳѪѵ;
ԪԴϧֱʹãֻʧȥǿָЧҲ˲ˣ˫ֽġ
޳ԶУʯıסһ֮дġģ֮ʢһСȼա
У
Ȼ䣬һɼĴʹϮȫŻ֮һ룬ڱһнѪ⡣
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Ӿζһ̱ȫգ޳ʣĸ֪ǿںѪ纣󰵳ÿһδ𶯵
һһ磬һһ档
ģѪ֮Դ˲֮
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ޱȾһ˿޳оƿһ˿ɶڱƣۻ𶯣øΪ׳
޳ֱۣһ˳ѪҺ
ġ

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޳ʶһâţش˫ƻǰ̽ȥžžžžٶȺǿȴһر򱬣ռ䶼˲ȶΣлҵ뵸
·ֱ۱ǧأռѾظ
飡
Ȼ䣬޳ٶԽԽ죬ճԽʯġʱʯġۡһըһʱ㱻ը촷ۡ
ǹӿڵʱжϣҲûһ˿룬֮ȫ̻תʣµʯġ
ףԪ飬ô£
޳ʵʯСһȦʣµԼֻԭȵ֮
⵹֣˵ʯӦô;ֹͣ
ԪҲԻˣϸ˰ΣȻˣ㽫ó


157 о
ÿһ֣޳ѾģһֱûжǷԭΪ֪̺˴һҶԶӵ˼
ϸһ鹦ԪȻˣ޵ʮ֮ǰ˽ɲݡˮЫ飬ѾоԴʯֻܼȡһ
Ŷԭơ
޳ЩźĻԼƾ˺Ѱλǿߵ
˵һֹܹΧһеתҲһޡֻҪԽ޵޷סпܱԷ˺ѡ
Ȿ幦ҲϵȣȻʮԺлỹҪѰһԪЩм
ǿԪҲҪ͵ܳеĻһ壬ֻҪٻһ˿ֻ֮ԼҪȱѹˡ
һЩϵȵ幦µĻܹӵаʱһ֮¾ǿҲ
˫ͫʯ꣬͸ߴＸʮҲܻɱǿߡ
š
޳ӦںɫϷΣԼ;УⱾ𵽹ܶܽĹȫĨ
дһ˿жָ棬Ȼüһ
֮УȻоһ˿
Ʋ֮ղʯӶѪӵмΪĸ֪Ҳܲ
ģ
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Ҫ˵޳Ȼֳ̽Źץȥָһ飬һƲǲ˿˿ƵĲҳ
üһԭ⹦Ĵʼ߻һ֣ٺ٣ֲй޳쿴
޳вҳȥɨͷ֮ȻԪԣŲҳϼصĲ塣
ѹ֣Źšԭְأ
Ʋҳ˵ΪƤĤǡ塱ؾ磬ֻƤĤ̤ż
Ҫ뿪ʼƤĤҪﵽʮԴʼ⡰о¾ǵõҲá
ƤĤȻҪػ𾫡
˽룬޳üͷƤĤסֲףȾڱرԴϣ
ػ𾫣̲ɽײ̤㡣ֻеȻɽлʰ顣ⶫһЩ޻ϵǿ߶ԣ𲻻
Ƚ϶ԣļֵѷɫڼƷҩ
ƤĤǿڵԼ졣
޳⣬ֻҪƤĤһɣƾܿгɵǿߣ֮ġǡ롰塱ˡ
׿˼ͷ޳ڽƲҳϽǣһĨŨҵЦ⻺翪
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֮ƾ޳߱λǿ߶սʵǽƲҳмһ似ȴԽ׻λǿߣֻҪﵽʮǡ޼ӡ
޼ӡǴɵʽֻҪΧ֮ڣƾǿĶֶһȭܡ
ĵǵԪر䣬ɣ˼óȻʩչֻ»ᱻϳʽڤ鲨ĹǺ㹻
޳ĬĬ㣬Ժн޼ӡҪϸһ飺޼ӡӵлСɵڲ¶ݵǰ֮£Ǵô
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޼ӡ콣ƣǽֻ֮ǡ𽣡ǰѪ
˲֮
Ԫ仰ܺõظԴˣԽǲǿңԽ
޼ӡʩչҪľǹĵȫѪʹ֮𵴡𵴲һ̶ȣһǹԴݻһСɽ
ʼ
޳΢˫֮ǰʯľľԼ˸΢ƿءԪǱѪȴƵõεָӣͬ˰ӿ
ϸ޳ڴ˳Ƶġ衱ͺһͷţ
˼ԪϢ޼죡
ĬĬſھ޳ʯеڸ޼ӡİ޼ӡȡǡ޼ɴ˼֪䴴߶ԴмεȺˡ
ལལ
޳ڷ֮ԽԽңһɹεĲ೯治𵴶ȥ类٣ڲ䱻ճͨ졣
֣ǹɲ۶ʱǵҪʹ̡
ѹӡ֮Ҫܽɲ֭Һ֮࣬ԭ似̬
ûгǿĳʹ޼ӡֻ»ûʩչ˵УԼҪҵʹݿˡ
Һã޳ѱ˸˿һĴڣ̶ȵʹüëʶһµʸûС



158 ۣ
ʱεεţ޳һűٹȵż̽һΣʱ䶼Ŭ޼ӡ
죬鷻Ҳǳûд𶯣ƽĴܶŹࡣḻȴܴӿƽ֮£һ˿ڸǲסĽš
ָоһѾ˼޵Ĺңʱܶѿ춯صը죡
Ҷ֪¾ڵȴˣʲôʱǰʲôʱƽµķ㽫
ȴע֮⣬һ˺ܸȤϢȴѦᡣںܶ˶֪öĶšѦĵĵ׵ܵܣȻһĺϷˣһͨ
ͨ˵ĿڿഫѴ鷻У
˵ôѦἸҪˣ췢ƵڷﵽתѾкüź۵˱ɱˡ
Ѧڣ»ǰԵ˵ʧֱ֮ؽ˻ҡҪ;һţѦкܴĻõƷ׽
ֲɵӣȻôõˣﻹɵش鷻Уڿ뿪ˡ
Ѧܹƾ衮ĵСɵĶšһץסٷְҪɱˣ
۷׷У˶û뵽̸۵ľȻһֱشڿջƽʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬޳δ̤һ
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Ѧᣬȴ֮Եﲻۣǿɲȥֿԡ
죬һֱ޳ͻȻ˫΢ʣһڴ֮ɫƺǿʼˣ
ڴʱű죬С𣺡ӣѾˣڵѵҪ
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ɲΪԼǷǣһСģҪȥ
СҲС֮

޳ٶȺܿ죬ż֮С
;УһӰ׷ƿԶԶȥɻȡڵϢڴ˵߶֣һ·ǳ׳ۡ
޳ӰȺУĿ
ѱذΧסˣʱͿԿڶݵλĲࡣԽΪߵԽǿǰЩ¸ϵýΧ֮Ҳ׷Ծÿһ
ʱ߳𡪡
˽ʵҲվÿǰ𣿡
־ǿߣѾõİ벽λǿߣ
ݹӣС˵λþΪ׼ģ롣
޳ʹԪŵһסʱաΪ˱鷳ɢھŽǿߵϢԭҪչʾצ߼״һԶȴˡ
ǰһţ޳˼ˣ¶һ΢Ц
顢ŷŷվһ⻹ϧһĽ˫ɹ°ԳһȦ嶾ǵĴӣ˴εûټżڵĶд֮ʦǻסˡ
ռݷԲųǶλõġʮܡֻˡ˵Ŀⶼޱȵӽ֮վŵʮһŮ˵Ŀ⡣
תЩˣ޳񽥽
ڣ
վȺУȴϴγ޼ҵˣԻӡһɫɫĳۣ൱һһ̧֮䣬ǿϢ¶ţ𵴵նЩģ
ÿˣ޳üһԪǵͺɵĸ֣
һɣշ磬γɱޡȵȱ˽վţδתԪܽΧȻѾ۷壡
غʦ֣ķͷλƽˡ糯һӵ
ԼѮϬʣʴݡӵΪȻҲһš
ʱûаư֮ɫΪ֪Լĵڶǣгһ̤Ȼֻһͨġŵӡ
οŮȻѾݣվŵȴ
غ֪˴ҪǱֵúãõԼһˣճΪĵӶпܡ
ǣصصͷģжǿһƴΪ򿪣
ؼҵ֣ξǺݺݵص˵ͷԶһĨ⣡
¶ɫǾλʦְֳɡ


159 ŷħ
ৣ
˻һۣζȻȥδһǿѹȻǵصسǰ䡣
ˣ
أǰ߸ߵعһ棬ƵӵըڣݵһһĹâǰơ
һ̣Ϻ֮ܿǵڹıһ߹ײġ
ʮɵĺɫײģ
飡
ײķٶȼ죬ЮżޱȵХֱײ
׵壬ס鼲䣡
ȻԤϣڵͷûгԹЩˡִ֮䣬صȥҪһ
ϧһԳԽļޣֻáۡ飬ײǰصײ˫ۣ
ҡ
һ˫۱һɫâֻƬ׸ڱ۲࣬͵ײġ
Χ˲ճ鴤ǿóʩչķһּƷսס¾Ƕһ֮δܹӵһսףһɵĵȴʩչ˲ò̾Ǽĵˡ
ײһǿޱȵ㣬Ĳʵ޷뼫Ʒȡһ񱩵ѭѷӿ룬һıըɡ
İһǱըУ׷һӴ棬ըһһӶ
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ղţ뼫ƷӲӲֱۿȥȴûа˺ۣǱӹһ֮ƴز
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⣬һܹȫײ飡
䣡
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ȿȡƴӾ˹뵽ղԼʧ߷ߵغϣҿ磬ұؽʬΡ
Ρû˵ֻ꣬áˡһһֻ޴͵˳߸ԾӰգա
ٿȻԴȥСأǶѸ٣ûܵӰ졪
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һĻɫɷףвûԴķһ֪⽩ʵֱɾɲ
۴ĹҲɵǿ൱ˣʵ̫ˡ¾ǽԴҲܹɱ⻹ô
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ܣ󣡡غȵ
һԼͿһûǻ۵ĽϾʲôæӦǣ磡
ಣ
аƴСĺɫķֱغһ״Χ򽩿ڹԪÿɳһ涼Ǵһ÷ٽߣѾǴʮɷԲ
һȥ޵ıת˷ͬһֻ¯档
ŷħתغ߳ʮָӡһԪ
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ǰӦƳм˼״׷ʩչӡԪԭ˽ɷԲģչʼϵ
𣡺𣡺𣡡
Ѿƴسܺһȭһȭÿһȭ棬ײһ߸ߵ͹𡣿ϧǼƷʼΪͣ¾ǿ߶Ҫһܻơ
ȻʼӲǿ󣬵Ҫƿȴס
ڣ콫εعšֻͨһ⽩֫ݺݵȥԶ


160 пɱ
У
֪ˣһ̷Ƶ˵֮ǰֲսǵ𾪵ĻôغʩչֶΣڶвǿ־ˡ
Ŀ˽иɻı֣Ǻܿ죬ھһɵؽ֮
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161 ӵı仯
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Ȼеҩ֧ܿǾֲֶĲСЩĺ·㣬޼Ҫʤ٣Ѱ
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ӴЦֻջأ˿ԼĶΪÿջһ磬ƽҲһɡ
һò߶ǰԾȻǸոսܶյ˳뻯
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162 һײ
Ұ벽λ֮ʱֻǾŽΪѾʱ㻹ǾŽΪ飬˵ƾʲôƾ츳ʵҲҶ֣ӰȻЦ
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ŵܻһֻȭͷ
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ܺãؼŭңҲٶ飡
ӵҪ޳ǧУҸһĻᣬþȪ֮£»Ұ
ŭ֮࣬汻ѹݽȥһǻƽǱǣƾ˭ܿǶŭˣһ
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ǹǿҵѹʹԶʮҲ֪˵Ŀ⡣ʵûдﵽŽ۷֮Խӽһ㶼첻
ǿԭվȡʱʹĳҲ첻ˣΪ޷ӽսģ
ӵ׵õʲôôȻʱǿǺΣˣ
أѵ̧ͷսٿȻɫһ顪
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163 ƤĤ֮
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Զһɫ۷վȺУԵòۡ޳⻰̲סüһȻôƣѦְӵΪô
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ľϵͷһʱѦˣûõܣ޳ѡɱ޳֮ģٷͬĴ
ʵӦÿԵѦС۳ľϣһУͰг֣ɡ
ľ죬㲻ϴ޵ΪλԸˡսʱ׼֡



164 Ѫħ
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ѦһѪĵַɳǣıȴ˷ޱȣһĨߵѪЦţǴŰΪҵĺ־һ𣿾ȻƽҡѪħ㲻˭


165 λ
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167 ݺ
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169 
Ԫ˵Ķһ΢Ŀƣǣ֡ۡ
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ң֦֮źɫĹʵÿһŶɢ챦ʯĹâΪˡ
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Ԫԣ߿Ը֪Ԫأ֮ϣʹ֮߱ԣ
ʵԭް벽λһ˵޷ǶǶԪظӦɲ֣ȴ޷γ
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޳ԺԪ鷴֪ʶѡңӦѡһϵͻƣ


170 Ұģ
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173 ǿľ
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ľȻһз죬һƾ֣
ľүӣضѿˣԪͭ¯󾭹˱ʦӳ֣СɵǿǰҪ뽫֮ƿҲûаܡ
غס˵ļ򣬴ŴЦ似ǿ϶Ҳһα
ľԼֵ˳Թ̲ס䳰
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ʮۼɵӡԪͭ¯ߵ£ֻ˵һͭ¯͵һݣȥ
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䣡
Ǹݿһģ׷ص֮ǻһǿ͵ľϵ塣ˡһ˫ƺݺһƣ
棬һм䣬ֱʣɸߵƲе䣬ನڿвը죬÷Բɾգ
һ޵յشһ鴤ռⶼǲԼû³çĻﻹĵ
֪ľүӻʲôֶΣʩչ
ನɢغһ۳βЦ
ľϱ˰ٲضʣԪͭ¯ȴȻԭ״ûκεı仯
ڵԪͭ¯ʦѪţָ죡֮ǿ۷壬Ҳ롪
ЦȻֹغ˫ĿɵԲŵؿǰһĻ


176 ŭ񶼣
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ղľʩչʮɱӡ֮ʣ޳Ԫͭ¯ԡһ·Ȼ߶㺮ף䣬ûһ˷֡
ͼˣͭ¯ȻΪι̣ܹеùڤ鲨һǴ߶ޱȵڤ鲨Ǽͻݺݵؽеɶ
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дһγ֣Ϸ֮ڣ԰徳ǿߵ֣в徳гɡĳϼ
ˣǴݶˣֺδˣ
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һɫХγ˵ȫƣƥѹǰձػ谵
ۣ
ľ˫ĿһͻǿѹѪ壬һƬƬɣѪʱѪܱ
˵񶼶ϺȣԵЩŤ
Ϊؼʱ;ϣǰ֪ҪķѶʱܲء
ԣ񶼶ԵҴľϺ֮ǣ
˵ÿһ³նΪ֮һ޾ĲɶоҪƵġ
Ⱥ֮У޳ҲȻԪΪǰ㲻֧Լ١ԭս˿£
ң˿ֲսһ񶼵ıָǿ󵽺εȳ̶ȣ
ȣľڼֲסһںѪٶѪоЩƬ
񶼵գ߸ϵ̬ʳָľϣɱҲһū죿
ݣһ֮ĲֱָľüĶȥģҪ֮һٻɱ


177 
޵֮ȷ֣޵֮ʲôʸָֻţ
һ̺֮ǿŭֻ۴Զһ̤ÿһ̤¶һá
䱳һɳӰƿأڳ˯֮С
ԭЩƣ˿̾ȻŭǶ𣬲Ҳγɷ֮ͥƣ˵䣬ɵһָǵľϵĲ
ߣ
񶼼۳֣ջָĵرе߾ֲ֮ǳ޵ΧĳѾ󵺰λϴҲĬ˴У
ڡϼڳ˶ʱȻ˴λϷ徳ǿߵһսԭί
ԭΪɱֲ
ҵǾã񶼲е֮ˡ۱ֻߴ˫һտȻ͵һâ
ԭǰǸ˵ĸоȴǱһֻѵľһޱǿĲȼ
شġѪǿǲ֪ٵ˼츳
һƵЦ͵һ̤պȻһըۡ
мֻ֣֪㹻رӦ޵ֲˡۺΪͬͶ㡣
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˵ǿ߿԰ɽǱǰΰǿԽȻ棡
䣡
һγɣϸĻɷ޵ƣ졣
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жìܣһҪ;֣Ǻܻܿ֡ţ޳Ҳûǿ
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޳𾪣ص
ȻȴлѪĸԽԽϡҪȫľѧܣŬ
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һΪﵽ򾳣һӵ˾ѧܣѪȻϸ߹ˡûгֹǿߣ츳ȷʵһҪǿ٣Գơ߹󡱣Ӳʸ
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ǿ߿Դоѧܸôߵɷǳﾳ쾳羳ǿȻҲԡ
ңΪԽߴľѧԽǿ츳ҲԽߣ
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ףЩԡ޳ٿȻһ
ٵĲ±üһ㱡ļƤزţ·ʱ̴ܱ
ţ
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ٸոշʶ֮ʱһЩʱ䣬ܳɹˣѾͷһšٺ٣ڿٱѹƵʶˣ
޳ͷһеزˣ


178 ̫콣
ڴʱһ䣬һŭ֮ɫ
ȻǴ޵жãδ̫ġʹ޵вʣҲǲ̫ǿڵΧĻǾͲƣս
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޵֮ۣڵߵڰ׵ı𣿡
һ߳໷ƣΪһ⣬׷
תۼ䣬ʧӰ١ѱƻòӣʣµ֪ǿ߼սѵһܹսĻպкô
ǣûһǵȵ׷ȥϾҪʧȥķա
ȻЩв޳ʧĵһʱ䣬߶㺮ףλλʩչٵظ˹ȥ
Ϊ׼λ磬޳ٶȱԭнϴһ̤ʮԶҲǺѷɫ

ৣৣ
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Цκͣ͵һҽţ٣
𣡡
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һΪӰһŭ񶼣ܹâԼγһֻ󶦣
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˵ĽһδֻЩȶزȻһĨŭ֮ɫ̫콣
һŽһСɵıɫȻ䴽³Ծǰ澫飬һɼΣյϢɢ
ɱ
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أ
һһըɷ飬ǱüΪʵǵǿõĿһһ֮ⷺ
΢һƸŤһ󣬻سǰץһ̫콣ҲǴһ
ţһΣҲ֧ŲסۡһѪ
˵ٵ֮ʱɱ첻㡣
񶼵ҲԵЩһȻ̬֮ʹܾ࣬ѪҲֲ̫˰ɡ
Ĩ˰Ѫ촽ϵĲ԰֮ɫԭȸ
Ȼ񶼵ıǴݲȣ˽Ĳ̫콣ɱУʹСɵıˣҲҪĲ٣֪ʩչУ
ϵЦݽᣬŶ£һ֮𣺡ܼУС
ֻҪ㼸Уپܷ˰ɣʱ֪񶼵ܷóѣ
ޥģһ·׷ˣ֮ǰ֮ڲǵط٣Ҫ֮Ϊ
񶼱һ䣬оõŵֲԽԽǿңԼӡûζ
һĨ֮ɫ֣͵ǰһ̤Ҹ֣ȴݣƱº֣̫콣֮

һ˵ٿȻһδֹ֮ɫ֣㾹Ȼʩչı𵽵״ﵽʲôΪ
Ƕϵľţڰ徳ڶԽս޵֣徳гɵǿߣջǱѡ
ۺһϢ˲²ͣڰ徳СɣĻֱӽϻɱˡ
ڿȻܹʩչȴ䱾ܿͻƵ˰徳гɣ


179 ûѰɣ
ڲ֪־壬ˣȿЦڴ΢һ˸˫ɫСۼ̶
˽Ϊ죬ɫޱȣһȥоȫҪƵġȴǱǣͬлԾϣ
⣬İڡ
أ
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ϧԶԶһεһӴķ޿֮ر䱬
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ֽؿմһ䴥ĿĵѪıȴһɣԭ㲢ûдﵽ徳гɡ
徳һУÿǰһޱѣʹǾҲ⡣ڶ̶ͽгɣ츳ʵ̫ˡ
ûΣ
񶼵һЦתֲӣֻҪҽΪҲҪһһ㣬ΪǿߣذӶΨҶ𣡡
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ڴʱһͳȻ𡣾Ǳһֻƶ˺֮ϣ۾رͻαܵһ
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һӰȻһֻСɳڴţһѱ㽫񶼸˽ȥ
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ܺõذסʱһսǳ޵ʩչΪ֮ʱ
ԪƴһЧ
ʲôˣԻԼǰӰϤУôҲԺеԲϺš
ƾԴҲὫǡʡϵ
Թֺͣαؿ׷ʣããɡ޳ңԼǰҪץˡ
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۱Źֵһ仰ÿЦãʲô׷ʡúԼշҪһ
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·ƽεұ֣߱ﲻض񡣡޳һΣܿһ
㺮ȻЧѣһԪ֮࣬ʧȥ֮ЧҲڤ鲨ͬԴǿʱʹá
ߣۿɲᱻ޳ȥЦһץȥ߱ûи߹㣬˳ǣ򣿽ٸ£
䣡
һȻղĴ󣬵һҲͨǿɥʧս
޳һšͷȣƶʱ˸һ˳ȥֲ͵лˣΣ
ΪŵԪرҲǱǲ٣ʩչ൱гɵ
һצƣͷգʹղܣ񶼵ҲĽԼΡ
ϾԼݰҪ˻ȥؽ֮䷢һս
˾Ȼһ㲻ǹ͵ĹͣΪڣʵգ
֮ͣҲҪôл񣿴ҳ֣Ƥж񣡡
⻰ʵ۶ǰ֮˵ĺǿޱȡ
񶼵ޱȣҪ뽫һٿ£Ƕ״ƷԲͣɱˡ
ܺ棬ڶӵ࣬˵ʲô
޳ˣ˿ҪѹƲסһˣʱԪ龪
޳һԪرٶʩչ۵ƣԶȥСƤǲ͹ﶯˡﰮĽ֮ģСڣպԵ
۱üô¾ǵˣҲûĸڻض˵һĨŭ֮ɫգһֺݺһץһ
һ޴צȥ˲޳࣬һץʱһ޿ɿܵľ޳壬ٵصء
ҿιιιÿ
۶Уǵ˵ĺ֮ȫƣһ˿Цش֡似ӵɽ׽֮Ͳ㻹ܷ
Ȼ۾صɴҪ㡪


180 һץķ
ϧˣ
ǵӰȷʵˣҲȷʵûܷ˻ɵķ򡭡
أ
޳ײۣɲɵĻСǼÿջ֮ǱǵϢײţǲһȫӲˣ
һƼΪΣյĹâи֣СʼûܵؽӴ˵ԭ۵ֻ̬ϷʵĻķŭˣһѪ֮Ȼת
ڴʱ޳оǹ֮ɢæһ䣺л￴Сʹ˱ߵԶò
ʶԪıԹתΪƣٱ۾ȥֻʩչɱˡ
Ǵеõ˫ͫʯģԷּӰԼ٣ǱҪ޳ʵڲԸ
ǣͷҲأ˫ֱܵسһţٵһģͷԺףŵʲôˣ
ܿ죬ͷͱ׵һߣ㺮״߶ٵա
һûüӦزͱֻ֡ϡеĽܵǹһ֮дԴһƬհף
ãһ棬۲Ѿͨ죬˳ܡķһƬ˼죬ҵûпˡ

һĨŭ˼ɫۺݺݵضţһըɽ屻ƽһ㡣
ҧأ촽࣬ظϴϢһб˳Ҫҷ˭Ļúܲңܲң
֮ľѰ˹
ۣٵһŵҩ֮󣬹˲ϵϢ˾ͨѰطһ·׷˹
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ҡҡͷû¡
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ԵؽղŷһһǸļһһץȻǲܶľ˵ˡ
Ȼ˰ԣڹؼʱһľϾȣ˸ǵĹâһŬΪˣ
һղֻǱŭͷԣûϸˡ˿̾ľѣף˲ıôڹؼʱһٶĺô
ԼľһƴȴһΪǣռıˣһʩͼ񱨵ĵԣ
ŭ֮⣬Ƶط
ľ΢ŭ̬Уȴһ˿СŮҵ̬飬ǼûгϹ
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һûֶΣʹõ٣Ҳ޷˳ѾȴֻǶһ֮ˡ
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ǸļһԸǿıȴôҲҲһķǡ
ŮеĹŹ׽Ū
ľֲһ漴ЦҲЩˡ˵Ǹʼտɶû¶ݣȴһʧ̬˵Ǳ²С
ףû¶ݣ
ľԺһȻ뵽˴صĺӰ漴ȻʧЦԼ̽طܳӦû֮䣬ΪǾŽףô֮ܲս̵

ৣ
޳ٶȷɿ죬һֱӳ˼ٹͣĿһɨһ±ҶһС
һ·ϸտʼԪ黹֣Ǻܿʧˡ޳мУԪ飬ôˣ
ޣ
Ԫŭشүģ˵翹ԪүүͲʰСӣң
޳ûԥʶ𵴣һɫŵﴦӿȥ
ԪˮصһӴ޳ʱоԴһΣӸ߿һʧ׹䡣
ָоÿʧҲ죬ܿ촫ԪڲһƬ߼ʵĿռ䣬ǿյģ·ɳΡ
ߣ㻹ûܹʵ͸ҶԱţ򣡡
Ȼ䣬һ޳Ŀȥõ޳Ӳһ
գͷһʮɿɫٲݺݵسѹ£ȴ޷¡
һָ죬һָأһֻŹֵͭ¯ס
ֻͭ¯Ԫͭ¯ǳƣƸӷصĻζ鶯
ƾٲγˢ޷׺ͭ¯


181 ͭ
㵽ʲôˣҳ֣񶼸ոձнԪ֮ʱΪ֮ɵĺ֡
Ǻܿ죬㷢ֲԾĲٿ߾ȻǴŽԼ⣡
һͬСɣôĻǱؽҵսǵȿֲĺ֮˲᲻
Ȼˣֵʲôǲҵˣ
õģͷôϻ
Ԫŭ漴޳оԼǵٲٲ
䣡
õ޳ļӳ֣ٲǣһӱʮɿݺݵس䡣
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184 
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Ǿòǹƨɣŷָڱž죬һľľûçײ
ľüͷ𣺡س꣬ҸӵԣʹѡͶҲضݲǣ
һǰǾλ·ǣ츳ŵպӺΪͽʱ¹һΪƾ֤
һףҪȥԮϽǼһ棬δأ¾δػԸְǡ
ţȻ޷⣬Ҳа徳ǿ򣬲ӵǿʮˡ
붯ǲ֣سǻûеǡ
֪㲻ǵȥԮǵǵġһŷ綼͵һ
ŷһȵҪǽˣֹ֪֪ʣ
һݽھǳΪ˱ĸӹһжҪպÿҲҪȫϽɾ䡣
ңΥʹ֪ʹһҲˡ
λɵѡ𣿡
ľ̾ϢԳһ˿įҿ֧Ƕ꣬ΪʹسɾҲܶƴ浱ѹףûоߵʵһ֧ŶЦ
Ͷ֮٣츳㲻ôǵˡ϶Ҳһλᡣ
ŷֹصһ̾
һȻһЩȻķŵֻһֻˡ
ȻľľЩԽܣҲõĽˡ
ȱ𼱣ٵȵȰɣûתĻʱҾһȥͶ
ŷֻ˰οĴҲûʲôתѵ̶죬ȥɱ˲ɣ
ľ֪ЩŷҲسǲ٣Լơͷظʱ䣬Ҫڴڼǰҵ޳ͶֻҪţسǾͻһؼɵ
ţףһվȥѰֵܣصص
ҲȥջСֳĳǡĽңǰѰңŷҲؼȻѾɾҲ⣬ʱҲóˡ
Ǻãô졣
ľŷжģԼıܷãʵûаġ
һǿߴѹǿýǴеļıھԵ֮¶Եǰ԰



187 Сǵ
ͱҶ֮С
޳ĿһɫĻԴԴϵע뵽ֲڡ
һػٱΪвҡҡ׹ԣ޳ڤ鲨ӡ֮󣬲δŽ֮Ѫ
һҪΪСģ޳ȫ񶼷棬Ȼ֪Ϊκˡ
سǵŷ˵İѰңûκЧ˭Ҳû뵽޳Ȼһֱڿޣš
õѾȥʮ죬ʣһ졣
ͣ
Ȼ䣬ֲӱ»ζ󲻹͹𣬺ʲôҪƿǶ
޳עˣٿҪˣԪ˼Ѫһ󺰣ЩҲﲻʲôæֻһûһعעţĶ챻ľˡ
޳һдĻԽԽ࣬ɫĹâҶȾ͸ͬ͵硣
ԣԣ
죬һƤͻȻɣԭЩһһӲݺݵǶұ֮С
޳β㺮ȻˮصǱǲЩֱӳڽӴ֮ȴж˾˳ޱȵػ䡣
Щû޳۾ѾƿӣЩšһҪ⣬ҲǲЩ֮ķ
ݣ
һٵıըͻȻ𣬵ѾʮɸµӺȻ飬һֲ㣬
ĸ˵صףǱֱգһǿը䣬Դֱ졣
޳ܹؿˣһĨ֮ⲻɸǿҵϲõЩ΢Ĳ
ֱۣͨޱȹ⻬ƬƬ۰Ļơ·ȥֱУǵȹƷҪʤ١
Լߴɣ֮һǿϢÿռ΢΢̮֮ס
¾ǶмʶĺĵӣҲĿ¶̰ο޳
ԽغݺսƣһĨŨҵз
ˡ
ȻһӴɢһƥĲ͵ذγ棬Ҫƿշȥ
ã޳Ͽ콫δѪǱܵҪ롪
롱ֻδȫڣһ֮£ͷȻ˵޳廹ŤŤģıַ·ڡ

ҡ
Ԫһ˺ڣðűһ䡣
޳ҲǱһоõٶԼĽ֮УָоǴСĳһлԼ
ҪѪô
ֲ֮ͬҪþѪιһ֮УС塱Ǳ˵ҳϰˡ
ϸƨ
Ԫûصٵı֣¾޳ƣҲŲ뿪һ뵽ԼǰĴ²⣬;úûӡ
ѪȻãǶٻĨһǻ֮ۡǰû㷢ĵͬˣֹϵɱøΪο
һȻֲ޷ѣδػͬˣȻɥʧһԡֲʵ̫죬ĻҪʱʱؼǿƣķ
ԭ
޳Ȼǲһ˿ŹֵЦݣ
Ҫ֪һƷǵûԼţӵذﵽԼǲǻѪ
ˣʲôԪߴ٣кһ˿棺һӵʵֲҲеɱƷˣ츳Ӧúǿ
޳Ҳ֪ɱ֮ͬΪͽסнס߽סĸΡκһɱ¾ͲεģǼΪϡѵãѰ˸ûʸ
سǣȻҲӵ˶ͶڣõνȴҲûӵһɱ
һԣҲĽżġϬɡǡɡӵɱ
ԣȻֻнףȴҲǼˣʧȥҪ۰ꡣ
ã
޳ӦԪָ֮£ظһ١ܹԸоһǺܡԴ˹һõ
Ȼ޳ûжѪʮ첻ϵ뻯ȴñ˴˶һ㼫Ϊܵϵ
һ֪ʲôܣ
޳ͷݹȥһ̽ѯԷЩԴҡҡ
޳һ㵣¶˿Цõ飬εصðɣһˡȻһǵ㣬ͽССǡɡ
ſһݶ޳ӡΣ޳һ૵̱
ʲôܣȥԿԪ鰴಻סˡ


188 ܣ̱
޳ͷһγҶ֮⡣һ漴壬ʧ
Ԫ߶޳գվλýϸߣԾȻˮıں
Сǣ̱
ͷ޳Ȼӳ
ֻáݡһ죬ٱɳ뺣ŷһǿҵˣ׷׼
䣡䣡䣡
ֻԴž⣬ǿҵȪٿȻ˲䱩ǵľĿä
񱩵˺ѶȥеһգճһԲյش
ðΣһƮ˹ҵòƽ¡
㲻ֲ̱߱һܣбһ֮ǿһЩ壬߿֮ʵս֮ʱҲܱһˡ
ԪЩڲסʧԭٷ֮󣬲ȣ˺ڿЩ⡣
ͨղǼ򵥵һٵĵӿ˸ͨ͸ȻҲнɱҲнͨɫˡ
޳ѾˣҪ֪ԼΪûܵڵ֮ƽ׶һǿԮʲôҪ޵أ
ѪĻᣬܹѸǿļأ
ԪֹǺص⵹Ҳǡ
Ѫֲܹ֮ʵǣԭ츳ϣÿһΣֲһؼܣ⼼ܻǷ߹ʵս֮
Ǻ޸Ҫһֲ֮ʱܾͲǿĻպʹܹ壬ӵļҲ̫ǿưɡ
ԣԪ鲻ٵδǰ
ֲӱҲǲϣȥ˰ɣպá
޳ջڣԪ˵еƬһա͸ƺ޳ĿɨԶϴһ˿ǳǳ᣺
ô죬үүһˣʱٲһԹҪүү֪˵ջӦûܸˣ
뵽ˣ޳

У޼һߵׯԺһ̾ڼɽ£ɰȥľΰơ
ˣ
޳һĽ𣬵𣬼ӿٶȡ
𣡡
ܵĿģ˫һȿ쭳ȥʮɡ
ԽԽӽ벻ʱ޳ϴһĨŨŨϲ⣬̲סүү
廮һߣᳵ·Ͷ޼Ժٶȼ¡δͣȣ޳Ժжȥ
Ȼ޳ĽŲһֹ۾סԺڣĿΣһɱŭ֮ɽ緢ӿ
Ժſڣһ̧гޣƫתͷǵİ̺һϷʣ٣Ĺӣүүеô
£һѪϢ٣Ϥݺݵһ
ûп޹ûп޹ٽȻûп޹һӣ˿ȴǶֹסع˻Ƶĺ𣺡
ˣȻ޼Һսӵأ
ʲôһһģͷֶͷȻһ˿ĸо
أ
ǵӰͻȻһƥֱ޵֮ϣǵʹдȫӡһҺ嵹ա
޳ͷҲûлأֻȻ˦ʮճع֮ϡֻá𣬰ӻҲû˵һ䣬ڰбʧȥ
ԣô£
޳һѽط˿ԷѪԥͳһС
˵ֻҪ޼֮ˣͨĺĵӻǵϵֻҪˣԼȥȣ
ֻҪԼ˵Ҫ˵ֻһˣʮŰٿкϧ
ȣһȣظһѪ顣
ûش޳ʻ޼Ժгߣ˻δ𣺡󵨣˭Ҵͨĵ£
ͨ
޳񽥽ղŴǰӵϣ;ЩϤֻû뵽ĪȥѳŵĴͨȻܳ˷ˣһ޼ͷϣ
䣡
ڴʱ޳һɱİʬ䣬ǡý˴ͨǰ
˻
һļ˺ȻֹĿشӰϣ͵ŲƵ޳ϣԤõøɬʲôˣ
޳΢ͷƸûǵʻһ૵𣺡Ҫð


189 ɱ
ŵ֮ǵĺ³ɭȻˣնҪһ㡣
㣬㵽ʲôˣ
Ϊ׵һŽʵ߾ųֶڲ޿ײɱõȫɪɪǰƽͣڼҴкһ꣬˿̾Ǵӵ̤ĶħѪȵɱ¾֮ء
Ժڻһɡ
ٶɱٶƣŽʵҲ̲סˣһسǵĴǣΪ޼ҳͷǳ֣
羪ף޳ͷȻըһεĵݺݵ䣬֮ÿֱ
ž޳֮͵ըһͷڷҿն衣ɷأҲأֻǻʳжָǰһϡ

εٿȻʧޣǷ綼ֹͣ˺ХһļžУ˵۾ضסŽеĵ
ǱȻָţã
ԶԶǵľ磬ӣʣµУ˼磬һαҪԺȥ
ֻҪֵ˸ɣ
Ļֻһζѡ
޳ɫ̵úһʯûκָһǱǧ֮еĳӦ顣
͵ָһеĵƬ΢΢һǱһ㣬ݵһХȥ
ۣ
Žߵɴ۾ŵؿؿڣһ޵ѪţϢԴ˶йίȥ
Ҳ⣬ͬһ˲䣬һ٣㵵סؿڣȻء
һͷصңôˣ
Щ˾ǰ˽ߣԭͨ˥ܣѾ׼ı·ˡû뵽ᷢ޼ҵϵץ֮£سǣҪȥ޼ңץ֮㡣
콵£Ȼҹءգһ޼Һĵӳ֣һսȻ˼ˣȻץһˡ
ͨʣһԱʳʣµ޼ҺӵܵλãʱȴԼıؽһ͡ȴ룬Ĳǹͣǡ
ɱ¾

ӣ
޳üëһĮȻһץһʯͷ飬Ƭݵ
Ժոڿշֻӥ¸һҽУ䴩һŤг׹䡣
ȥ޳֣Ϊ׵ͷ조ŷ桱Ҫڴ˰дһ޳Ϣ㱨
ǰԺʱԭ֧ԮǺܿѾԣԷʵƺ̫ǿˣ뵽й޳Ĵţ֮ǰһµ˭
һϺȣֿԶֻҪܹϢɣǣǾǴһ
ȻˣͲˡ
޳أ޷ɸʱĴʳָһصسһߵ
ˡ
񱩵£޳뻯֮£ǹڰըγһȦķ

һûʶʲô飬о·ǱһУصֱӺ
һҽз͵ڵأһѪ֮󣬵
ֻŷ棬Ϊ벽λǿߣѾ˲ֵϵԪΪǿᡣ˼£Ťתͷضס޳޼СɱкãΪǱģ͵޼ҵһǰɣޣǻɣڱһɱ
ЦвϵѪĭȴǲҲһ£֪ԼӲһҪץסһ޳찣
޳Ũصɫ֣ڼͨʱ֪βԡáسǡʱ˴룬ضص˶޼ˣ
ɣǣ
޳ɨһŷ棬һ۱㿴Ĵ㣺˵⻰޷ǾҪǣΪǵ
ûŷ澪Ȼɫӣһ𣺡ϧȴ֪УǲǴ׵
޳ԪһѽץĮȻ˫סŷЩֵ۾ôĻ׵ķϣҿۿسĸ𡣡
䣬ŷ׵˽ıϡ
أЧҲǷͬ죬̶ʱ䣬Ѿָ˴롣޳еصǧҪȥɣǣţس棬ѾɾǿߣƵǶ޷֡
ؼԵؽԼõϢ֪䷢֮ǺսųʹԱܿһ١
Ǽ˱̽Ϣȴ֡һս֮£ƴֵѣ
ɾô
޳ϴһ˿Ī֮⡣صļ򣺡ɣȥүǽӻ
˵⻰ʱޱȵȻ˵ĽǺȱ뷹ǰɡ

Ȼʶ޳漣һ뵽ҪȥԿأûаġϾڲǰ޳ֻ֮£űƵ޷֡
޳Įı飬ݺݵһҧȥүǣ޼ҸģΪ޼ҶҲĸʣ
޳¶һĨº͵Ц⣬ļ򣺡޼ҲҪ㸶Ҫúûţߣ
𷢳һ޳˫һǷɣǷ



190 ŲĻ
ɣǡ
칤벿ѱ壬һƬյأ޼ҵϵʮˣϹԼ궼нС
ضһϮɫۣ֮ϣӸµذˡ
ԣӱ֮мźε˷ܡõԼ˼δ޳Ǻ֮ǣϧҲ֪ƾԼʵ޷޳
ֲԸϵԤУ޳ɳȥԼû׷ϣǵȾֻԽԽ
еи޼ˣǽһĨ֮⻺츳ǿΣֻҪûгɳһͷǱҲֻܹԹԵرƤҪؿԼˣһͲ㻹ܾĿޣ
ɫΧ۵˲˴쿴֣ҲֻȴǶ޼һһ֮ͬ⡣
Ȼͬ鲢ͷԷʲô٣Ͼ˵ؽϢ֮󣬴ҶسǺεȿµĴڣ
ףʱѹ޼ηˣǱزصǲɱһˣҪΪسǲɱˣ޿ˡ
ޱ飬۾Ҳһ˿˿ɱӿ΢תһӣܸ㿴ɱ˭ȽϺã
ʻܷ֮ƷһŲģĪ˷ݶʵЩ
ܷس֣֮Ʒûеرֻǽһǻŭȫй޼ϡ
ˣնݲ紵Ǹ޼С󣬼黫ޱȣƳպǻɴ󻼡Ʒ
Ŷʲô⣿صȴ
СΪһŮӾȻسǵ϶ˣɼŮĿеĵλˡ
Ʒ⻰һһԵĹŲһɫ৵һ±òҰף
Ŷ˼ǣ΢
Ʒ˿һԹŲҵ񣬿ǸһۣʹһȻŮӣӹһĨĶʺޣ
ҼҷȢ㣬ҲҪᣡ
׳嶯룬ֻҪɱ޼СѪͷԣһ̵ס
ؼص˵ͷⲻ
ɣ
Ų̲סˣȹ޸ܷ壬ȻҪʸسǵ˼һԭȴ޳ǣϹϵ
־ȻǺ£־̫Կ׼Ǿǲ֪ˡżǱϣҵؽ
ǣ޳ĺȻһ֮뿪Ҫ˵һ㲨ûǲܣϧľѳۣ·ˣ
ֱسǵ飬غˡǹ뿪֮󣬹żӵȨֵһƫƫûĸŲ񷳹
ûһӵܣʹԼܹżҴԻ͵ʱ̣Σ
Ҫˣ
ֺڰյʱʱ̿ĥŹŲ񷣬ֻͬҧġ걻ѺʹĮȻ񣬸һࡪ
ԼɲŵŮ
Ų񷣬ҪʲôѵҪ·ϣ𣿡Ʒŭȡ
Ų񷿴һۣԴܷϳΪصĵܼ֮Ҿţ칤ԼУиǻںޡ
಻ңֻ۰ŮһŲ
һԲֻתضɽ׹ѹ£г֮ա
Ųҧסʹѹÿֱ죬Ҳǲ˺أִֵؿأ
ŮϣȻ޼ң񲻿⡣ػˣһ𵴶Ų񷣬ϴδ׵ķϣƽεðƷְɣ
ǣˣ
ƷЦرꡣ
˺ҹżѾͷŲɫֱ䣬һƬȻϺУһźת֣Ʒļ
󵨣
¶һĨŭ֮⣬ವһһƽӹʮա
䣡
Ųƺߣذ˼ϣһɽ£õһᣬ߼ιըѿһѪɽ
꽿һʶؾүү
ŲվùһӲתѾͷ㣬㻹үү
ˮԽع䣬ƴصͷ칤һߵǰݱ𣬵и׶ֺγܹ׸ѣ


191 ϶
ŸǺοࣿΪһ屳ѼĳѾͷڳͷ𣿡Ʒص
Ųĸ֮λ꣬Ų񷾹ȻΥسǵ־޴ľٶƷֱҪЦ
ۿԼŮ¶ϤĽ֮ɫŲϻοжĳʱɢգƷΪ˼ʱǶôģ
̧ͷأ֮η壺ΪϷŮͿҪƷԴʣΪֵ𣿡
ˣ
شŭⷬǴȥسǾʵͷԺָ˭Ը
ʲôȻܹ˵ĻػģȻسǹȴĻ̥Ϳ㲻ԣȻ¶ˣͼسĹϵ㲻ã
һζֻһָиָ㶯ݵһһ

ŲȫһֻԼĻͬʱߴ̳Ҫסһ
ǣ߱Уѣǵǿ͵ƿնױ㽫˺ѣؿ֮ϣ
ۣŲһѪ˹Աߡ
үүصźŭ档ϧȫΪʹҪƴҲûǵʸ
һӹȻ֮ŴõĹǰ;ߣƫƫѡС
ƷŭղűŲȳ⣬һ亹Ϊŭǿ־壡
˹ŲĻ֮ԼسʲôĻһԼŭһٸԼҲܲ
ǣŲĺ⣬ƥԼҲҪһˮĴ
ŭ֮£һ֮ⷺ𣺡ϲѾͷȻˣȥɣ
澢γһɫֶضǵȰ֮£ûп֮屻ץ𣬱ͨ졣
ûһ˿֮⣬ĮԷг˲м⣡
Ʒ޳Сˣ
ŲŭҪ˳ȴֻŵأֻŹĽ뿪˰ա
ˣ۸㣡
ʱһдȴ϶ŭСסȭͷֱ˹
СѾͷе׵ҪҶ֣𣿡ƷһЦնȥҪ編ƣ϶
ֳ˾֮ɫԼץûаңڼ϶пѣ޷ˡ
Ȼ޼ҲãǶͶԵСѾͷȴǼΪ۰ȫǵһСð㡣Ҳ֪޼´ûн϶һͨͨѾߣǽ֮ˡ
ԣһ϶˳д󼱣קס˶סԼǵҪ֮ƿϧԪ֮£ȴΪ
쵰㻹ûа֮ģȻôСѾͷ㶼µ˶֣Хŭ뷢ţҪؼԼϵĽơ
Цţ֮оһƬ⣬ϲ޼֮Լǰ¶Ⱦ顣
ƷҲ˼ΪȡӣЦңϷʵطٶȣҪǸСѾͷֳһ㴹뾪֡
ɫأǿҵֶ簵϶

϶СĹĵģȻ˶ֶм飬ǹǿҵķŭ֮ȴõȭͷһȭ˳ȥ
٣ǿɰСѾͷ
ƷȻֹһŨҵľ֮Ȼ֣϶һ˲ԼԪȻ˶ݵ֮״
յƺѩհ׷ڣƾǵСѿնֻССȭͷԽԽԽԽ
䣡
϶ȭͷʵʵӡϣȻ׵ΪƷһԪΪȴڷŭ֮£ǡ
ǰһֻƣصһƷȥɼ𶯣һɱವһ·˳ȥ

ȫ𶯣
˶ŵؿֻСɵȭͷŮŻЩӤʵô޷һȭɰ벽λǿߵı뺷ϵһ
Х˶סˣ޷ǸƤɰСѾͷѳɳ𾪵ĳ̶ȡ
һʿˮĹ֮һ£Ƶ˶ŵƣཡ
϶ĹĵģСظ˻ȭͷСд棺˺Ž㣡
ߺߣŽϲүŮҲүϲŮ϶κ˺
ŮгӶʥʹС
һ϶дŨҲɢľ롭
־壡
ղһ˲Ҳûиоκֵ·ƷΪˣűŮһȭɡ
ȴϾڰ벽λǿΪ⣬еĵΨһĽ;ǣСѾͷӵĳֲ֪츳
ףװͿԻ˰벽λλ磬سǻ˭֮У
޼ңһӳĶЩʲô



192 ޳
Ѿͷ
ƷŤᣬһ֮ɫϴλ֮ﱻܼѾΪɣǵЦ
ԼüȻһСŮһȭҷɣкε䳰ȷܼӿ
ǿҵУõ˫ĿһƬ죬ɫӿǣݺݵһƳ϶ĻУɫƴŷХϮɾ룬ֱ϶
Сǧ
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204 Ϊ常
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һû뵽ĳ徹ȻȻӴ࣬Ҳ֪޳۲ӣҪΪ常
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205 ĵһ
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ңҸղŵĳŵЧΪ常ĳ޳ǿѹͷ̰
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رȻһһֻϺװһâƶ䱳عܿγһԲεĻ֡
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СոǲͬǵϵȡǸһ;ո䣬Ǹ߸ߵ𣬼ըõΪ֮ѿ
ĽᷴӦ죬Ʋæյһճסõƺ˽ȥһ̷سѹǹɰ۾͹Ѫӱǻз
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أ
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ȻͶ˽սģб֮ⷺľҲһˣҲһϧȫһεҲΨɢ
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ҡͷ̾Ϣתȥ׼뿪·塣ȻشɱķѶ࿴档
쿴
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תӰʶ؂ȥ嶥Ѿɢսеӳʱ͵һȻ֮ɫʲô
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䣡
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ΪԿ׳٣Ѿûгڶˣ
ݣ
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ƽضӣ·ûпԷŨҵɱ⣬һ䴽³Ǹˡ
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210 ˮ
˭Ҳδϵ޳̬ݵǵȻ˿ǸһԼսǸһᡣ
޳
صӽŨȼռԭسǵˮԪʹ˼թֶΣɱҶ
·嶥һʯͷѿż͹ɽұ촷ۣ
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ǰʱȻֹ޷
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޳СģѾȹΪһһʽܹӵΰľĸ
֪ϣãҲֻܽΨһϣ޳ϡ
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һ࣡Ȼ·͹ֲϷԴСˣ
һݣһȭһ䣬ýӲӵģƤǴɫȥǽɣڿʱնΪ֮

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޳Ĵʳָ󣬳ֶӡسǰһߵը죬һǿ͵ȻһͣըȦŭķ
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211 ɱ¾ì
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⡰֮һĹһǿߺܾܿĵ޳ȴһĨŹֵЦ⣺깥ԸԼô
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ղصһв⣬ԼԵĻֻһ;޳ȥ˿
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еһͷһʼײͬղһѾ׼ˣȻ޳ˣԽ˻Լ۾


212 Ԫǧ䣡

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ӦøоõھֻڷͻҪɷ顣
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213 
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ǵӰٶȱ𣬳ǰȻȥһȭ˹ȥ

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215 ͬھ
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ХһΣֱڵء»ǹ꣬һ̾ң
ľͬЩãȻǸž޵꣬ľ
ϧˣ֮ս󻹽ӵɱػɱţǶûгǶˣ
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УսȺʼɢȥ˿һ۱Ⱥм䡢ɢХ죬ǰ̾Ϣ
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216 ĵ壡
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϶صص˵ͷСϴεĽ֮ɫǳ϶ܸоõүϢ

һԽشһҶ˻һۣϾһƬظı顣޳ӵ϶Ļģ֮ĸӦ϶ܹоó޳ö˶˵ػţ˲²ǰѾͬھ
һ㣬˵ͨս߲֪飬¾ľˣХҲšϾϵ̫󣬹ϵ޳Х첻һ⡣
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Ů˫ְʮĬĬףһ̣ȫû뵽޳£ԼҲɣֻǵΪ޳

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ǾһսĻ޳ս֮Ҳһϯ򡣲ٳ΢߼ѣǸԼµ꣬ȻܹսȻƴɣǶԷҲɱ
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Ȼ䣬֪߿ʼΪ޳ϣǿϣ
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ܶС޳Ϊ̵ӵܣκʱ򶼲ɶʧġչ⾰޳֮Ǵ˶߲ܶ󶥼֮˭ȴû֡
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ԼɼоžŰʮһλ泯бȥһӰϥοƣǿȻ
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һƬңҺĵĵͱˣԹۡĻǽǿе¸ص볤ǣȻһȺƦ˺Ź۷Ҫɡ
𳳣б仯ˣ
һһͽսٽǳȥ˭Ҳܱ֤ĵǷΪһŵӵĳֶڧ
ݣ
Ȼ䣬ǵӰշѹİʮһĵҲ޷֣Ǳɡ
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һǱеĻ͵һͣںХпӿ壬뺣һӿ㱻ɵøɸɾ
⣬ǡ
еͬһʱɴ۾Ȼһ𣺡ĵ壡ģǴ˵еĵ壡
ĵǶɣĴʼԱĴ򣬶Ҿݴλԭȵ֮вʲô˲Ĵ֮򣬲Ϊܱصĸоˡ
ȻЩҰʷ˵Ѿ޷֤Ӵµĵ伮УλĵĳϷһżء
ʺŹʣΪĵ壡
ӵԵǣʲ֮ʱǾžŰʮһĵᱻڣǼ򵥵ضԿ
λҲǴʲԴйģ֪Ҫڴпĵʴжѣ۽֮ˡ
ԭΪֻż¼صڿԣȴ룬ʾȻĳǰ
ҵ죬˵ʵӵʣλŮһ;Ͻܹ߶Զܽĵǰδеĸ߶ȣǡ
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217 ˣ
ܣҿߣɱ
أһҵĺλŵĿз𿴸ղʱЩûٶλº֣һӰȥǿӹգ׼ܡ
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ڳϼߣٿȻһϾ¶֮ɫ漴ذȥݼ̫ϳϣ
Ϊţ˿̶ͬΪ񣬲˿Ϊǰĵ˶İ徳ǿߣ̫վͬһεľǿߣ
ĵҪ뱣ס󶥼֮һͷôס
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һڳʱ¶˾ɥɫ̫ϳͽԼôλʱûٸɹýƨɵ飬ǿɲʷ
ǱߣŮӸոնǰͳһλͰ͵ͷشսǰЦôż

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źߣͷԴû°ɣ
Ҫǿŵ˶СЩһ˳ȥ
ȿȣѾͷʦ̫ϳϣĵߡΪҲǿǰæ
һҲǹ֮Ȼ᲻֪أæݵݼʦ𣡸ղǵ֪֪ʦݣʦ𷣡
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⻰˶䣬ЩҪˣɱϾ͵ͭˣ
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һ𣬼Ȳ԰׵ɫӿգ˫ţ͵浹ȥ
ͽɣӴʧɫ˵ǼϣĴڣݵÿʧ
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ŭĳҲ÷ŭڳһ߲˾һ۱㿴ضǸġ޳ŲǳĹϵ
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ޱ飬ʣ죺㣬ľôôѵԼô˵ңΪһһгһɱڣȻĸס
ŬںŬ׷ĽŲôԼ뿪ˣ
ôԣôң
ջ䣬ߵ飬



218 ū

ңԶϷ߾εĺˮ·Բ⣬Զ˲֪Ľ
ԶԶһͨڵĴ󴬳˹ңңĿԿһģýдһԡ֡
ץһʮߣаʮ߽ϣȥ֮УүǴһ
˳⣬ֵҲܸźֻҪҰæȺ⤡صڣʹҺȾƣ
лү
Ȼ˾һ쿴ˣ
ûˣֲµġ
ţϷƯţҪǻܻţӦҲߡ˵ˣȥҪǻţ;ҲóȥʹҲܸЩ
үԶ
զӦֻǴ󴬺ܿ쿿˹ȥս֮ȻƯһӰ
˦һܿ카סӰ˺ûע⵽ӴӰʱ޵ƸƷ·Ӧ߱ɱȻû
ǣڼȺлס
˴ӰüôᣬҲΪܸߵӡ
Ŀ㣬촽ţһ־ǿ͵ζ
ܿһɫ۴Χ˴Լʮˣ¶һϢȥΪȻھŽ£
ү
ʱ򣬴Ⱥ߳һ󺺣÷ͷұһ飬Ǳȥ˴⣬Ե÷
Ϣ˵ΪҲСɣǼͷһĽɫ
ɨһ꣬˰֣ЩūһɣҪǻֱӻغҪܹһصϡ
ǣү
ڲһ۹âֱ˿̲ŻɢȥԴһٶȻ˯˹ȥ
ޱ޼ʵĺڰʶڲϳ٣ϡһ档޳ƴȴôҲ۾·ƤϹǦ
֪˶ãǰڳһ˿⣬޳ʶŬسȥһĿİâ֡

޳о۾һۣޱȣʶسץȥ
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٣һĴ֮һشϣ޳̲סһߣͷ亹ֱð۾
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ǿ֧ӣȿȣлáС֮
һ죬ݺݵصһۣлңֲҰϴġ
˵ţһ䣺Ҫһںأʡȥǡ׵ܻ
޳ʣվߵһԡʱ޳пմһܣ
һĴĴգԼʮɣҲʮɣһٶߣЩ¶ϢҲΪǿ޼ҵĻҲǺӵ֮С
ǣڴȴǺۣҿȥ鶼һƬңȫûκϣ
ղżʹ޳һЩҲֻ̧ͷһۣľȻصͷȥ
޳ѹͷĺ棬עתԼĵɨüͷһ塪
֮УԪӵĹâޱȣһһƣµĲ
ڤĻǻģκ֮һɢĲ䣬ڣ󲨶ȴһޱȻҵʽһ
ΪҪǣ޳Լһ׼߶Ԫǿҵľʹд
ߣ֪ʹ˰ɣԪʱЩ´λҲ
Ԫ飬ҵԪôˣ
һ˵˵ԪЩ𣬵ԪԱⲻǹؼҪǣ֪Ϊڤ뻯ƺЩ΢ı仯ֱ仯ҲǺǻֻе֮
ԪԵЩΣʹḻľ֮УҲǴû˿ɻڤһ塣
ԣ޳µҲЩԷֱ档
òҪҵԪĻܴ̼ܿƸܹҪлǸ϶Ѿͷǻԣһ֮㼴ʹܱסֻҲҪʧȥΪ
Ԫһʱʵ㣬Ҫ鷳


219 ս
޳оȫ۵ҪӿԷֺܶطѡûע⣬һǹ壬Ÿо࡭
Сǣллˡ
޳ϵһõ·Ŀ佱оǳеСƢЩ̿
·һս֮޳һ˷ףźӵƯһʱ䡣ǳŻһʶٻ٣ˡ
ϾϷ֮ΣأƷļȺ㹻һˡǧȺȫԽ̳Ըɾ
ףǡ
޳оڴһϢ֪۾һоϲ֮ɫ
ģ
ԭسе˿̺Ȼ޳ڣ
ĵǰһץ飬ԶԣҲвڡ֪ΪΣزδ֮֮ûӡڡ
ԪβסģԣɱʱʶѡΪ
޳һ뵽ֳʱȵĻ
ԸҴ仰㣬±ǧҪ̫ţ
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޳ܿ콫Ƶ񶼴ǰżҪ١
޼ܴ죬߷֮£ȴ޷֣Բż֮ɱԼΪһʧɱʹá
һУ޳ַЦĳ嶯
ǲɱȥԼҪٿ¸ԼУҲǽ֪ҪѪɡ
Ԫ飬Ǻλıߣ
޳ЩΪѵʵҶϷһĨڣʲô
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ദѾã޳˵ƢҲ˼˽⣬ͷһ㲻ĸоСʵòҲ֪ɣ
ȿȡԪ鱻ʲֻûشֻ֪⺣ս֮һƬΪսĵطҪҪõһö
޳Цã֮϶Ҳһ֪
ιòã׼˭ͷעʲô£ԪϰԵذˡ
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֨
һۺ˽лϢȻѾﵽ˾Ž۷壬ǰһǰ벽λǿߡ
޳𾪣޼ҶԽ빩֮ˣǿĴ̴ӵݣ֪Ӵˡ
㵹󣬾Ȼˣûа׷үĹ򡣡һ߽ͳ޳ɨһۣһڵɨĵ
޳ĵ︴ӵþԼЩͷԣԶɨӣҲǺ⣬ƾǵ̽
ֻ׵Ϊۺʧҡҡͷתߣˣһչһݽǲ֪СܳŶá
޳ԪӣɢĲסΪף𴬲д߶硣
޳ҲΪ⣬ȻҲǺ޵ֿ֮Ҳ˵ڣҴн
˶սصǿѹ֮ʩչƻìɱСɸ¡
⣬Ȼһֱûս޳Ҳܸоó̺ǿսѰ֣ľϡǵǿ
ӵƣ޳˿޾塣
׵ʱ䣬лĻ˳׵Ϊ¾Ҫ
ԺȻһѹֵŹꡣ
޳һЦлС̸֪մ
ŹֵؿһۣЩ⣬ҡҡͷǸӣͷ˻ЦóҵָĪ
޳һͣεӣһ𣺡Ҫҵɲôװ
޳ŵӣԥһ£ƲƲ죺ΪߣСܲˡҽݼ䲻󣬾ͽҡ硯ɡ
޳һ硱ʵǺڡ


220 
ôһˣǳ׵ҪûӦ㣬㻹֪ôġݼص޳
ȿȣʱ˵ɣвһСæ޳طܵ
ݼŭغһŤתȥ㣬⸱ûԹĹͷء˵֪鷳ˣʱңҲ㡣
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ϸֱ֮£޳ľЩһ鶯ȻϢ
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뵤ΪĴڣȻǺôСѶͬͬСɡ
֪ˡ
޳ӦġɢĲһһԭԵ˿̾ȻܹȻԵúء
ڤ鲨ȫ淴Ǵ˿̾һ治֪Ǹǻ
޳ϡǿҵԤУֻǱ仯ɣмΪ鷢
ƽʱܿȥ޳˱ֱҪĳԺȲԼԵ̫֮⣬ʣµʱ䶼ھĲ
ݼŮȻ޳˵޳ڱĿ򣬸ûմΪŭ
䣬Ůһ䣺㵽˵ô죬ʱͷϣûô˵ˡ
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ȻȥЩʵȵˣԵǰ㲻顣
޳ҴĿĸΪˡʱҲǿ˸ȫһūǲ֪ҪЩѺȥʲô
ݼĿƺǼΪΣ֮¡

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ȻһֻײӲ֮ϣ΢ҡΡ
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ˣɣҪߣĻ³Ӧ֪˳˴տڣؿˣһŨѪζ
ҪҸ룡
ȻԶֱӳͶȥ
ԤϵһĻһĨļǣݵһһ֧ƳĹ
ۣǵЯƥ֮׾ٵض˴˵塣бһ޵Ѫߵˤº棬˴˻󣬹Хзɻأ׼ȷġ
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ЦĿٶɨˣȻ⻰Ǹǵġʣµη壬ģҲѪȵ֮£ɢ
޳߳˲⣬ÿǰĳ֮΢΢һ
һӴ½أһȥ߼ʡܴԶƺŸߴĳǳأɣǵĹģҪʤ١
ǰʮңһɽڣȻĺɫâð˵֮£΢Ĳ
֪¶Ⱥεң
ΧŻɽڣһӶÿӶռʮɷԲвѾռ£ǲϵشӿӶڳЩʲô£ƹŹ֣˾ù졣
͵ﺣˣϷ󶼸ռһ죬ЩܽȥȫһƬ½ģ
Ԫʱ͵ֻŻռһں֮⣡ˣյĿꡪ浺
޳оһָȻǽһ浺ô
ɵŸʲô㣿
ʱһصس޳ֵһۻӡ
޳һüͷˣʱǷǡҲԸ裬ǣһܿһ
ϺǣСӹʱָܻѵðȻүүıӶҶ㣿ۻִ֡
ʱݼǰ޳ǰɤλˣոȬԴе㲻⣬˲Ҫһʶ
鼱ΪԼ飬޳΢˫̲ס¶һĨůɫ
ˣסְɣЩףȫɱүȥ磿˿ڣݼжһ˿ĥ޵ġ⣡


221 ػʯ
Сġۺæס֣س˷˼䣬漴ͷػ޳˹
һȺԶ֮ݼ̲סԹ˼䣺ΪҲˣôɫղҪҾ㣬Ҫˣ
ŮӣȻ޳뵽ˡࡱ׻ʱ౻϶ʱͬơ
һȣһĵԹ
޳̲סȡЦ˵ҵģΪʲôԸңôʶôˣɱǸô
ݼմڻҵϷһ˿࣬޺޵ص޳һۣҹȥʶĵļһ
ŭĿӣ˸оС޳ҲҼЦˣæҲԣղŵҳˣԺʲôܰģһ
ݼɫתŭΪϲǰ޳һۣ˭ҪæΪֲֲУƢôźԼúûžˡ
޳ЦεǼ⣬ԼоȻôһģ
ߣʡôҪ򡣡޳ݼŵһѡ

үСһǸͷҿѵԺ¡
ֵ´󺺲ʵӡУ˿ɲլʺ֮ԥػɱӶߣͿԿЩ⤡үɲʴȡ
ߣΣʱɱ˱ǡ
Ħ¶̶̵ɫ磬һ̰֮һСѾͷʵȣ¡ӻǸ
һ΢΢һ򣬲ɺٺЦүȻ۹ǶЩҪСѾͷȥˡ
үŮһСù˴Ц
ǡæУͽСѾͷץүúã׿֮УүϻʣСѾͷҲҷ
˰˰֣үɲϲǿ֮ǸСѾͷڿɽϺúóЩͷʱ׵ôضҪԹԵүĴ
˵ѾͷԼתĵӣ̲סشЦ

ڵĵС׵µƬɽ׿󡯣Լҡ
һţݼһߵͣҲˣ޳ƺµĴһҲ˽⡣
Լң޳еɵʵǿ𣿡
˵أ
ݼһۣѹԼӵ׵ǧ﷽Բһ»ɢС죬ļʵߴСɣдܿڽͻгɣ
޳üͷ΢΢һΪ֮ÿǰһ졣
ԼҼȻͻгѾСɴ˺ܳʱˣǵҪøǿ
޳ĿǰҪ﷢ͻǻһ鷳ء
ԼԭǶԳ׵ˣкܴĿ֮Сһεļʧ٣ȴʵһƼҡ˹ȥ
ݼȻԳ׵Ϥ򵥵ļ仰ͽ
򵥵˵֮£޳֪׵ΪһǡԼҡһǡƼҡԼμӦ츳Ϊӵͻ徳ϣϧȴʧ
ˣԼʵֻƼҲУ޷̳׵
Լץʲô޳ǰΣԼ²˼֡
ǰЩȵżϲȻרŵ׳ߵǰнӹʲôϸ֮ŵݹȥһЩʳ
׿֮УԻרŵĿڣ˸Ӧץ߲
Ͼ֪ˡ
ݼЩţΣǲԽץһ޳ơ֮æطſЩ졣
ܿ죬רŵĿ˹׺ʵӦڰ벽λ֮У
һһɨڳˡΪϸ֮ʱ⣬һЩΪ֮ʱüҡͷ
Щ˿֪׿ĹأЩȴ֪Ҿһ˵һ
꿴ֳԶһָǱʣĿڴԼǧٶദǿԸѡһÿӿһ顮ػʯܻʳһ֮ڣֻҪĵػʯﵽٿ飬ܴӿɽ뿪
ػ𾫣
޳һУͷٵ뵽ɹƤĤǡؾ磬Ҫľǵػ𾫣
ϡĲϣֵ൱ڼƷҩǸߵȼᶼѵ˵ﾹȻУ
޳뵽˸ղ뿴ؽʱĳͷ
޳ֲͬǣ߾ҡ촽ţغǵΪ·Ѿһʱ䣬Ҳһػʯ뿪ˣ
Ƕ˵ػʯ֮ѣ¾ǾŽߣҲҪһʱһ飬Щ˿ܱϺûԪȽϴٶ΢һЩ
ڳû˵ΪŽף֮Ǿһ֮ٿػʯҪ
ѵҲ𣿡
꿴Цвκ¶ȣɨһžŪΪŬסˣһػʯȡһݳʳǶһԴͿˣȻΪλǿأĻǾܳˣԼҲ䡣
ŶˣǿԳһ´׾ڣܴջһЩƷʵĵػ𾫣ܹǰõͷŵĻء
˵âĻɽڣ޳Ҳע⣬ݼæǡ׾ڡԼϴ˷ӡ󷨣ڵĻâѾǱѹ֮ĽˡĽеĻ¾ǿߣҲȫܱ
ȻҲûס
ٺ٣סˣʶ㲻ҪߣĻһץסҪôҪôֻŴ׾ڣɣأ
Цһ󣬺رһݣȵڣȥ֮ǰ겻һģͱˣ
ʱ¾ԸҲǼæȻһٿĿɣϣվڣǼϣԼãѡĿеػʯȽϸߣһЩԼյѿѡ
û뷴ǿѹ˳ƺıܡ
ңҪܡģһὫһġ
ݼ޳ıЩ̣֮⡣
޳ЩˣӦһڳҲֻ⴦׿оǳ˷ܣ뿪֮⡣
Ǿѡɡ
һݼѡڵĿڣȻĵ㣬ѧҪ嶯Ҫҵߵʱһ㣡


222 ķ
޳һΣݼѡλû㲻պߵǣױע⵽
ǿɨ֮£ȴ׷֣׿ÿһξһǿϢأǲڰ벽λΪ
ڣЩΪŽ׵ߣûһߵĻᡣ
ˣڣעִźڽɫĿʯݼ޳Ĵ
޳ջߣЦЦ˿Ϊ⣬ֻǵ䵽˿ʱ¶һĨȣ
ڿԼʮɣǳһ㵭ĺڽɫʯЩʯһƬһƬʯ֮У㲻÷ḻ
ҵԭĵػʯ֮󣬾ԪСĵעУеĵػʯԪȻ׽УǻԷػۣۼġݼܿҵһʯ漴Ŀʾ
޳УһڽɫȻĻԼСʱ֮󣬱֥Сһžʯˡ
ף̫ô
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ݼߴٵÿҪϽػȡʳĵػʯй̶ĴС֣뻹ҪʮŲܴյ
޳ͷ˿ڣָ΢΢ܿ㽫һʯ飬ѡԭʯ
Ȼ޷׶ԪǾ˼ȴǻָ˴룬ЩʯȻӲ׶顣
Ԫ
޳аĴСԭʯüӹһ˿ΪѣҪԪΪʹ࣬ÿһεﶼҪƵġ
ЩΣҪǣ³ǿԪﲻɲı仯
ٶɨܣ޳̲סüѵֻ뿪ôģԼҪĻƾܵס
ţ
ڴʱ޳͵һһĨŨĲ측գ
ݣ
ԪΧű˴˲ƵĲܵϣХбǳ޳ӿȥ
̣̣
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һգ۵ʱ䣬޳ıǶ߰˿֥Сĵػʯ
Ϊϵ̫ͣżθڲ󣬷ʳһˡǱߣݼੲݵصֻҪڿ㣬ҰĹӼӣһţҲ㡪
ιûУ
ݼûȵ𸴣ŭˣڣ޳ߣһڿһɣҺ÷һԵģ⡣㵹ãú﷢ҡ
أ˵˫۴ŵؿ޳ģ˿ŵػʯţղŵָĻӦ
ཡ
һݼݺݵ˿ڿˮ͵ؿ޳㣬ô쵽ģ
޳˵ץס޳ֱۣݺݵرʣ˵ôô죿
޳Ҳ𾪲ѣղһ˲䣬ޱȵظоڤ鲨ӿǺϳһǰδ
ޱȰԵЩڽɫĵػ𾫸ݼ˵ġޱɣ
ǰ߾ǰɵȪۣˮʱʱȴǻ˼բڱӿ˼¡
ߵٶȸ޷ͬն
ңղŵ޳ΧԼԪĻҲȻһϲ֮ɫ
ѵػ𾫶ԽԼĵ⣬Ҳа
˻
ڴʱ޳оֱ۴һʹ͵ŭĿ˹ȥоⱬǣ
ݼ޳첻𻰣ǵһѣȴ䲻ؿʱһ
Уһ˲޳þˣͷΪ֮һ
ָоһţ޳»ָͨҲΪԼǴˡǣŮŭصۣʲôףŹֵһЩػʯɵɵվŻ˭
װͰ͵˵Ůȴеĵǡ
޳һЦϸĲɢҲô£ϡͿؾˡ
֪ݼ˲޳ȴҲܶ¶ڵܡһǿҵԤУܽǵֵգԼٶȽ١
ݼüδ޳ĻϾΪΪĹҲٶô졣
ղһĻϸشһ޳ĿڣӦղǡҵػʯḻԭʯˡĲѡĿڳȽϷḻĻǻпһ뿪أҪðŷ롣
ΪŽΪԼҪһʱһػʯǣеػʯرḻĻٶȵпܴ
޳һЦ˳ĻʵԼ˰ԵôȻĴн߳οūǾͲ鷳
ߣʲô鷳ǹӸϰߣ̫


223 
ЩץʱǺзִģѡĶЩƫԶС죬һԷ似ļǾ;ᶯ֣ṧһЩػʯΪð⳥˿ԼʵǿķϣҲǼƽϡ
޳ȻĻ˵ȷʵǽˡչֳ弶似֤Էк̨벻һ
ˣҷŵ̬ѰҲΪʦڣǰ
ǰԼϴʱʵԼ²ԵǸʱǶʵеļƶȣֻҪԸԿǰ׿ػʯֻҪÿ콻һţʣ¶ĶƾǴߣԼҶһ
ݼҡҡͷڵԼҼ̫ϴĴÿڱȫܻˡ
ָػʯ޳е֮ɫЩʯ֮Ȼͬȴǵػ𾫣
ԣ
ݼȻеԼ°Եޱȣٲǰǰ㽲أ¼ʹҲԲ뿪
޳ľҲһĻ󣬲ЩЦãζؿһͿðڵǳһĨ̿Ц⣺Ѿͷɵ
ߣЦʲôЦݼŭˣһԼĿڣңңһ䣺ְǸĹͷˣĴϼգЩͷʱ޶޲
޳ЦıӰ죬·͸ʱգǸ꣬һδεƴһδεػʣһδεسãϣȴǡ
δ
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һг޳ҲˣԪʵԪ飬Щػʲôô
Щǵػ𾫣ֻƷҪϲٵĵػʯ
Ԫ͵ЩػʯϵкܴÿʱܵõһЩϵĿҲܴ
ңĺܺòϣǸ۵Ѿͷó׽ܾܿ˴ĵػʯҲкôֻǻ޷ɹƤĤЩص㣡
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Ԫأ͵֪ǵˣ
Ǹʱһƽ٣ǳУɽתʧɫǿߺʬ׸弸ȫ𣡡
޳̲סһ٣嶼ЩǸǺεȿµıʣ
һЩ֣ܳһЩܳǿ߸ǰӣΪĴսˣȻڰӵߣλӵԭˮݣڴǰȴǷһжԹЯս
ϧʵ̫ǿ󣬼ʹǽǾǿߣ޷ƥУ޾ǿΧһأ޷
Ԫͳˣܹܵıˣʩչ˱Ĺǿһ˲ľ󿰳ػأ
޴ɽɣȫʧ޾ǿһжδȫûǹɿǰ֮¡
һλҲľ΢ЦʬԲʮڣ˸̤㣡
˽Ǻϻ֮Ϊ
޳Խ˿о𺳣ԪĻΪ¶ı˾֮ǿң
޳ԪȻȣǰδеࣺӦңһҪ⼫ǿӦң
ǿô
޳ľźȻҲһ˿ǣԪ֮£еջеȴһƬƽ
ƽبųʯȻɣޱ䣬ߵҲǴδı䡣
ҴӦ㡣

ʱ÷ɿ졣
޳˫ʮָͣؿ£ʯϢط飬ԭʯɵȡ
ֻһǵڽɫĵػʯǱġ
̶һʱ䣬޳Ѿ˴Լʮ
ٶǽԼ֮ãֻǻ𾪲ѣΪ¾ǿԳ֣Ҳܴﵽٶȡ
ҲСɵļǰſܰ쵽ļȻܴȱ֮ҵ
ػʯļֵܴÿձۺãռԼ֮ģ
ԼҪ֪޳ֻܹ·ҪһҡǮƴھϵܡ


224 ΣȽ
ݣݣ
޳ϥ£һ֮ӽŵ𣬼̶Ĵȵʼ̶Ƥɢӡ
һǹȵȫʧ޳̯ģƬĻɫĩ䡣Щǵػʯһľʯȫˣû¼顣
ԣҪ뿪׿׾֮£Ȼݼ˵ǰŬܻʯȡʳˡ
ٶȻ̫һЩЩػʯϾƷҪһⰡ޳
Ȼػʯػ𾫵𣬾ľ̿ʯͬնеǲˡԪ
Ǻǡ
޳Ӧһ漴ңңؿ׾ڣＤҵȻȣһ˿ĥ֮ɫһȥ̽̽
һʼĻУ޳Ҳˣ׾һеػ𾫣ֻǽ̫Σգٻȥðա
ʹ֪мֵ˵ĵػ𾫣ԼҲʹȥðաƣ¾ܹõػ𾫣Ҳû취ǻʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ޳ǽ֪ԾԾԵĻǵýɷӲɡ
Ԫ飬˵٣ʲô޳һػʯһʵ
Щ˵̫ңԶˣʲôʱﵽ򾳡ʰɡԪϰԵرӵ
޳
һˣȻһϲĺݼ˹ɵľͷô
޳ɫȡһػʯģ¶һ˿Цݡ
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޳ǻٻ
޳Ƹո漴ͲӰǲ¶һĨЦĵػʯʵ㣬һ˰
Ȼ̫¶ԼҲûнŮӡϰߣ׼һ龧ʯȡʳ
ͻȻһɳƵĺ𣺡Ϊʲôҵķʳô٣
޳һ֪ݼʱϰõɤǷڵ꣬ɳƵͳ
ݼǳŭ޳æԾ˳ݼһţ֮ǰ´ʱǷͻġ
½һİȻһݷʳôԣǾͱˡ˵ţҪջء
ţ
ݼЩ¶ʵǿѹŭѹ̬ΪʲôֻܻȡôСһݷʳҿǵķʳҵ
Ȼ߿ռʳڲĵ֮¡׿ػʯ߲ԪΪأʱҪ䡣
Լһϲ̣Ҳ֪߳Աܸõ׬ȡ䱸ķʳõһƷ޺ⰾɣܹ
ڣ½ùķʳȻֻѰ׷һʳûУҷСһ벻ֹ
ޣСȻ٣ͳٵɡ½ĵص
ݼҪ磬ʱ޳˵ˣ˰ɣзʳˣҪƽ̫ˡ
ȻݼڿҪչ޳ʵ޳ĹթȴҪԶʤһ۱㿴ȥ½ݼ
޳һݼȻƽȴûִ½лһݷʳ

½һ޳һЦŹֵضݼŲסʱ˵һŮҪһЩŸϲİ
ݼɫ͵һ䣡
ԣ
ݼüһֱ½ȥɫ粻ɵӸղǷԻ㿴ԼŮѾˡ
Ϊǵǣ½Ǿ仰ʲô˼ѵ˵
һµĲ²⸡ͷݼƲԽս
û°ɣ޳վڿڰûӦʵȻദû죬޳ǺкøС
û¡ݼеķʳ˹ȳԵɣһ
޳ûн£ֻЩŹֵؿһĴָԪ֮⣬ûϢһƣ
ˣȴǽʳøԼ޳Ϊж
ʲôݼ۾һɣֵص磬ȻҪˡ
޳Լôѷô
ˣӺ󶹸Ծ͸Ͻԣ㻹Ҫ¶лݼѷʳ޳һơ
޳Σʳ˻ȥݼۣһʵҪǣҸҪЩʳ
ģŻԲĵҩ֣ζơ


225 ¶
⣬Ǳٹȵݼ͵һɵɵؿٹȵֿ޳ȵʵ㵽ʲôݣ
ٹȵȻʲôرĵҩֵҩҲǼΪۼ۲ƣһٻ䱸
Щֻɱ޲ϣȡãҵĳǲǼСˡ
޳⻰Ҳû˵ѣ޼ȷʵǼʹ޳ѾɱǿߣΪҲûͻгɣڴͳУ޼Բһǡ
Ҳԡ
ݼ˵ͷûж໳ɣҪǳôߵĻҲֻʵˡҲǣƢСЩٹȵҪóؼʱ̿Ҫһأ
ݷ˵ݼѱٹȵ޳УȻ󽫷ʳ򿪣һһֻ޳ǰռ˴ݡ
޳ԥһ£ûоܾЩ棬ݼΪζԼ࿴ɲԼߣױ۷ˡ
к棬ʱĿǰԼһ㣬Ҫʱ
ôȥˣҪ취ߣݼһߺݺݵؿԼǷݣһ۾תһĨᶨ֮ɫ

ƽӳ죬ڼ޳ҲȡһݷʳϣݼǷһģһ
Ϊؽ֮ݸݼʾԼѾù˱ٹȵǵüͷ
Դˣ޳ЦЦֲ֮ڴ˾þӣֻȵڼܹƽЩ뿪Ȼǲǰ㴦Сˡ
ʱ޳ڵļѾѱС룬ǵԪڵҲɵ١
ң޳ڿضС뼫ҹ˾ʱԼЩһ
⼫ǿþˣһ֮£ʮػʯȡ̶̰ʱ䣬޳нٿػʯˣ
ֻǶ޳ЧҲԽԽĿǰãѾˡԣ޳Ƕǧػʯ
µһڣеĵػʯѾھò࣬ݽߡ
ţȳȥ̽̽·Ȼݼ˹ٵص޳˵ٶ˳ȥ
޳΢ЦɵѾͷҲ̫˰ɣʹԼа벽λǿҲǲš
룬޳һΣ㺮΢⵴ڸȻݼ󡣼ȻѾͷҪӳȥԼҲôշˣͰһѰɡ

ݼܹ죬һУ徢ɱʮ㣬֮Ϣͷԡ
ܿ죬Խٸڣ׿ıԵţͣһĨϲɫ׼תƺҪк޳
ͻȻ
ݣݣ
֧߰գѤţǱը죬ҹԶԶش￪
Ҫӣ
һ𣬺ܿӰǺʱǿӳݼУõв¶һĨ
ʮ벽λǿߣΧƣ
ʱڿϢĿūҲ׷״̽ͷ
٣ǺõɫǺܾû˵Ҵ׿ˣû뵽һСѾͷȻô󣡡
׿صȻЦɲ
ݼһû뵽Ϊεαװԭѱ˿ơǿЦλˣҲҪߣֻǰҹģĴйһ¡
й䣿طʣ漴Цô׾ӵĽΪҵȻôȥ׾й䣿
Χİ벽λ׷״ЦЦгèϷá
˵ϻߣɱһ͵һգһǿεѹ˳㳯ݼӿȥ
һΣ̲ס˺ü󲽣ɫһףһ̣¾ǿͿĨϵĺڻңҲڸǲסΪŮӵĽݡ
ͯˣ
Ȼһ˴Զÿһ̤֮Զֳܿ
ɨһݼҿѾͷȷʵߣͯ˲һĻᡣ
ͯ˺ܿס֣üͷˣ׿׿ĹأҹôȴϳֻͣպѰ찡Ȼ˷ȻҲհ죬ֻѶ潻
һı֮ɫֻǳô˿ȺҲ֪ͯǾôɱ̫пˡ
ͯ˿˼죬Ȼһƣˣ˼ȻԸΪСѾͷԽ뷿Уպ檵ݣҲ̫׷ˣ㿴Σ


226 ޳
ԶԶԣүʴΪΪ˲ʻ㣬ʹȴ󱯽Ϊ̰ɣ
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ˣ
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Ӹղ޳ɵؽ˵ĹݼͿʵҪԶʤԼ뵽ԼǰҪӦоЩա
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޳ݼӽŵذΧԼڶǿɨϣһĨ׽ľңСүȻúñ𡣲ҪСүūãݡ顯ǴҲܲ


227 
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ݼû뵽޳ⷬٶŵþС
޳һ˫һӱӲʮ˽¡Уڱ淺һԲ⣬漴ƿһӣƾ¡


228 ׽
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䶯þǸûˣ

޳ҲǳһǱеĻѰ벽λǿ䡣ؼʱ̣һŤ䲻ݷ֮ʶһ⡣
ͷƤ鷢ˣֻޱնεȻʼճϣûһѪ
ޣֻҪǲ֮ݼ
޳һû̫ţΪ뵽ʩչġѪӰӦ֮ͬ
νġľͿԲ𣬶һޣֻҪļޣ
޼ӡ
޳һݣĴʳָһ󣬳غޡͷ޳⡱ȴԴصһ
һǿ͵ȦεѸޱȵشȫֻһ˺޵ȫ̱ɢɢݳеĹ㡣
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ݼ˿ЩǱм֮ҺǺǿĽЩʵϵ͵ޡ׽ĻǾҲ
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һƿЦ޳գɬȻѻ찡
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Щǽ޳ɫԭһߴӰгһ˵ȸߵĴ󴸣ܻڲݡ
ûв´ĻӦþݼеġ
׽


229 Ⱦ
׽ɢϢʵֻǴﵽгɣһ̶ǲ֮ǿҪѶԸࡣ
㣬ߣݼɫɷס
޳ѪӰХ񽥽һĹâҺò׽ڣΪĿɲߺǡ
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޶½Χ֮ʱԼͬǰǰǰ־壡
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Сܣǽ㲻ãȲ㣡
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ףǡ
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棬һβ￪¾ǸǧԶ޳ҲǸоּϢ
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޳۾ЩҪƴĵػ𾫼ֵ൱ڼƷҩôһ飬Ƕôˣ
Ȼǵػ𾫣ѾΪʵʣ޷գֻһЩ޳ʧԪǿɬ𣺡ⲻص㣬صǡ㿴棡
ѭʾķȥ޳͵һ𣬼ȵľ֮ɫͷƤһ飡


230 ܣ
էһһƬȥʮĺҵ棬ϸۿĻͨʯһֻֻޣ
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Ԫ飬Ψһһ·ֻʣ¡
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ߴ٣޳αȻһΣ·
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Сǣ
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խ֮ͨУ޳㣬ĻֻȺ

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ǧһ֮ʣ޳ע⵽һľٷ֮е׽Ȼر˿ҿǵĶƺַԱܵη塣
޳Ժпٵظֳһ·ͨΣһ׽޳ʱǺѾٹˣ·żɵ֮⡣
ٽµΣһԺѵ˵

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أ
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𣡡
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֮УһƷɳܿγ˽ʮֻӰ׽쳣Ŀ


231 СǷ
񣿡
ԪĴЦ޳Ȼ׾ʲô飬ȴҲ֪Ȼת
Щԭ˽޳ͣ½Ų˵״ǰɫ󹷻ˣһŭХ
֮ɧûж೤ʱ䣬ٵһХǽǵĴס
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漴ɫŭȻϧĺһ֮ŭХ˶Է
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ʱΧŵٶӣܿѴﵽ˽ֻ潫ֻɫȫѹ
һֱ;СľǱһȻͬ죬ȻһܣԪǳ˷ܡ
޳ϴβ֪˭СֻһС̱ܣоǳʧ
޳ɲëһԪҸоãæʵܵʲô
㲻ǿôʱҪʱٻս
Уȫѹʽ׷ŰɫһͨᣬԪ鿴ýζЩ׻ûγܣֻǱܵعһȴǿͬΨǴӡ
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ܹǿǸǶôˣ
붼롣
Ԫһ۱㿴Ĵ㣬ȻΪԼҼΪʲôһ󷨾ܽǿסԭܼ򵥣ǹƨǿ󣬶Ǹ޷뿪ϳ
Щ޶Ǳ׻һȥ磬Ҫ˶೤ʱͻҷ𣡡
⻰һĨʧ֮ɫ̲ס޳
ܹô޴ȥĻԼ൱ӵһ徳ǿ߱ڣͨİ徳ǿ߸Լ档
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仰״޳ͷһ̾ǿԼʵڰ
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Ҫ׷׻Ѿ˵ϣֻǰ֫ʮԴƴصţ·ġ
޳Сס֣Ԫ鼱æ
޳һæԼ˼˹ȥһ٣Դҡҡ˳ӵͣ˵ա
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ã޳üʵȻܳ磬ֲܸսܹкô
ٺ٣ֻܳʱģΪܹһ졣պܹõһЩϵɱҲܰ塣ʱɾͶһųˡ
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޳֪ԪָǱ㣬һ׻ʸʲôϵ
вĻôԪǺڰٵνһ壬ҼеЩĻ׻պϴóġ
˵𡰱֮ʱԪβסе
޳Ǳһֱ뺮йأ׻ʱԳңȻܹܺõؿƶԷ
֪Ԫ鲻Ը˵Ҳʣֻ׻ʣӦô
׻ӹһ˿թɫУһھۼޱޡ

ǻһصƱǵص׻ʣҪȫɡ
׻һԹԵزٶеæɢȥȥޱȹɡ޳ȻһĻ۵ףüͷ
׻ʿȥԼΪҰǻ׳֮ôܽշ


232 շ׻
ǻ˵ȻǱˣԪٺһЦЦëȻƾҰѱֻҪֱУҪԹ
޳Ȼһֱûתʼ޷ɫҲһޡԪѣҲ𣬼Ȼܹñƣ׻ȻҲԡ
׻ʵʵѾﵽ֮˽Сɵʵ޷֮ƿأǸ̥ӦòڴСԪ鿴޳ϳ͵ı֣׻ʳġ
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׻͵һбһ׹⣬һӱ
޳˿ֻǾؿܵĴȴŲ˹ƱǣԴǲǿҵɱһǵص֡
׻۾µµֱתʱʱ׺ݣ֫ٶ档
ҴӦ㣬պҳɾ򾳣ͷɡ
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޳ش˿徹ЩѡղŵĶȻݣȴ޴˿һֻͿ˵ĸо
׻ǰȻܱ¶ֻһץ㱻ץ޳ס˿üһģǽ֮˳ɡ
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ۡ
ȻһֻĨ۾ҳһѣ˲Ҫˣ˲Ҫˣء
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ĸģԲ
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233 ƤĤ
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ȻҪеκεĻ׻ʺȻ֣ƺһҲ̫Ϊѵ顣ֻպҪǧҪĻ۵ԼͲˡ
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һǷϵԪؽڣҪѵʹһȴƤ类տʹһƬĥ޳вϴŴ
Թ۵׻ʣ¶𾪵޳Ҳһ˿η塪
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׻۾һɽײȻǾԵϴ󣬿ֹµįζҲȷʵѰ
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234 ʶԴ
ڵײݼϥԵ÷ǳʹ࣬һֻµɫСǰ
Сͨ࣬ɫıʯѡ
ÿһһεĲ￪ÿһβӴݼϵʹɫһ㡣
Ůڸʲô
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Ԫ΢һдһ㾪֮̾⣺ǡʶԴû뵽ҲԸȱ
νʶԴǿһԪΪɣûһ˿Ĳࡣһ˽̳֮в˳ʵõͻͽĽ
ʶԴҲҪǰ徳ǿߣȫʢʱڲ¡ڼ仹Ҫܾ޴ʹ࣬Ҫиϣ޷ɹ
ԪЩ⣬ʹһЩҲֻЩɻߴŻֱʣû뵽ҲûѪ
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Ҫ֪񶼲ʮΪ徳ǿߣѾΪһš޳ﵽһ磬ʱʮ꣬Ƕô˵飿

ԺиֳݼֵҪԼĳ޳˿һƬԪ飬ôֹ
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޳Σݼ񽥽㵽żûСˣҲûǰɵ顣
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ܲ׳һЩػʯǽ̽أôԼҵ˶ûҲʯܹ˵ġ
ѵֻܿݵȻ᲻ɣҪʱ䲻Ļܼ֣ʱһιʲô
ݼһ֫һֻ޳ƻϣ漴˱޳һ˻ڶ


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۾һתȵҪǿ֪ݣ
һȣ˵ʱͣΡ޳ԼҲЩ㶣ҵݣô֪Լпݣ
ὣׯ޼ңһܳ谮ӵܣҪ˵ԼҲҪᣡݼȵ
ͯһϡǵǰƺաޡὣׯǳİԵʵҲڶ⣬Сĳڴˣһ鷳鰡

һƬžУȴǷЦİ̺۳鴤һ£ЩѾͷסˣὣׯ޽ҿûмСӳһ֮⣬ڽҲɲҪңΪὣׯܳ谮ӵܣȻͨ
ݼɫһ䣬ղ鼱֮ʶ̧ὣׯΪвȴû뵽һӲˡ
ͯɫתΪƽ޳ȻڲƭˣСѾͷ̫թˣǵý½˺úõһٺ٣ͨȻҲðὣׯˣǡ
Ȼֹ۾ɣ
һ֮Уֻ޳һЦ̯˭˵Ҳͨ
ѪĹڶѪӰ֣ͬʱһޱȷĽüԳ࣬һ뵽ĳ־
ݼһȵ֮ǹɱӿľϲõʯһǿҵڴ󺰣
ƣǾƣ
Ʒһ䣬ȵ֣ɱ
ͯһҧأֵ֣ͬǣҪὣׯˣһҲˣ
ὣׯ԰ԵƣҪǽ֪µӱץ󹤣ֻ·ǵɳ徳ǿ鷳
ԣպ鷳ھ;˺󻼣
ȥɣһ֧ХγһƬɫ޳
ͬʱһɳķҲŭצ˹
ҵǵأ޳ķԲɾһƬңʯ鱻飬ͬɳХг
һĻ޳ԣݼƽֻסѪӰ赭дֱն
·˺ƣһͻشбϬ谭ɫ˺Ѷ
ۣ
׵壬һǽԵؿ˺һӡͯ˳֣һܽն롣
ʣµǴʧɫ˿Сɵǿߣܹһ⸱״ʵöôֲ
ۿ޳Ҫ׷˺ɫڴʱ۽⿴ԶһӰڿ
ϲү
޳΢ÿò֮ĶҲǲ͵һޱȾ֮ӹ
ಣ
˺ܿһۣĸߴ˫ü罣Ƥֽɫ촽úֳܽ˼͵Ը
޳ʱһĨβסɻ֮ɫ
үãὣׯӵܡ뽫ɱˣ򽫸ԼҴ˴
ὣׯ
üͷһ壬޳ѵϴˣ


237 ֵط꣡
ͷһ˿Ϥ֮Ĩ֮ȥ귢ԼЩ̶ǰ֣ǣü¾ڿԼҵĲǣԸⲻ׷ĻԼҿԷǧػʯΪ⳥֪Σ
ɣ˴ԣԼԼҵĹأҪ⳥պԼһô׵㣿
㲻˵λὣׯӵݣԼҶһЩ⳥ʲô
üۿ˻ҪԣϺȵô£ֲԣ
ɫǡ
ȻһЦ𣺡Ǻô磬⣬Լˣ硭Լ˺һͷǰ
ŴЦԶһâƻʵתۼɢȥ¶꣬ԼѮ÷ΣһɫƮڽؿ
ү
˼ˣɫϲүСͼȡԼҵĿܷ뿪
ûõĶ
ԼҼӡƽѵһ䣬˻꣬صƾ֮ͼıԼҵĿ˵ȥҪ˵û˸Ǿܡ
۾һתæеүԳ֣Сһܹʳڹ˭
ǻ걻һһ䣬ɫࡣ
˵ɣԼ־ܣʵʵؽ˭ڱɱԳ֣֫һһöϣ̱ƹ
ƽ߸ϣб޳Ҫʵһ㽻ҿ㲻
ǡ
޳һЦѪӰʧɨƽһۣΪ˵⻰δǽԼ̫ˡ
⻰һ˶ʱÿӵ޳
ƽԼһеǿ֮ΪѾﵽгɣ¾һǿ߶Ķ֣Ƽҵߡ˫Դ
òΪƾ輫ƷܹԿǿ߰ɣ
ܾû˸ô˵ˣһ֪ѿ֮ʲô³ƽ䣬һȭ޳
һֱŶƺɫâԼԼһֱֻۻף
ȭδһѱ򱬣ұ͵һ˦ԶԶֻز̩ɽѹ޳
ȭ似
ү̫Сˣ½ǶõһȭҲκδλ߿Եֵ
似ܹ޶ȵԪںϣȻǿߵͬҲǲС
䣡
Ⱥȭ俪ǹǿֱӽһ㣬غХУĹâأ޷۾޷ڵ޳
У޳ֻѱһȭ
һЩֶվǳԶ֮׵տĻʵ
ƽұۻ׻ɢ˵޳ʵȴ־䶼ڷǻꡣ
Ȼøое㲻
ڴʱһЦȴڹУһֱ۳һڹǱĵǱɵг롣
Ӱл̤ӭ΢΢һЦǣʵûпӵжô˵ʵ
ƽȻͣһĨŭ֮ɫ۽ǣŤתͷͬ޳
ǻķӦҪ޳ֱۣ۰֮ϣһȦȦ㵴Ǹʯ˺棬ǳء
ޱȼ֮ɫӿ֣һ֮𣺡ǡ
Ȼ۾ϹˣǱپúÿ
ƽŭˣȭݺһգʱСžһʮϸߵĹıۼŤᣬܿγһִĹߣ˻˻޳
ħߣ
ħߺգǴŵĿܹһСɽӴն䣬ʮɷԲشеɱǿ˲֪١
𣡡
ڴʱһֻ޳ǰͻȻֳһɫڿշԴݺݵײħߡ
˻˻
ħ󣬵Ͼ͵һͷ˻Ҳżֵ㡣߽Źɢī֭Ⱦˮһɢ
գ֮䣬û˷Ӧ߱ڼҵײ֮УȻɢ
أİǣȻҶҶ֣ŭƽһ˲˲ضͻȻ޳ǰĻꡣ
˿ûֻתͷ촽ؿ޳оɡΡȴϲ
ظ磬þò
һƬļžУ޳ȻһЦ


238 Լҽ
Եһۼ޳˳ǰ֮أǸռս˵һ֮ѹ̧ͷأ
ǸԼޱ۰Լ֪˶սӵܵأ
ֻǣôȥˣ޳֪޼һмڡҵֱӵ޼ϱѹ޳жһЩԹ
ЩڼغԥΪԼʱͳͳɢóԼҹò⣬ʹˣһϳԼһеά
꣬£˿δ䣡
㣬ǳܣ뿪ʱ޳ףΪ֮ı仯յǻȥü¶ļͣԼ硣
ظ磬Щ꣬󲮺½㣬үүܹ㡣
һ޳֤ɣ
Ҳ̲סж£ɤ˻ƣҶԲסүүøʧˣȥǣһֱ߲
һĻʱò˾ˣ¾ԼͬˡӡУؿһĸӲû뵽Ҳжʱ
޳ۿҲЩʪû뵽أʱļεξӿͷһʱҲЩζӳ¡
Ƕúܺãظʱٻȥɡ
غݺݵصͷ
٣һֵĺû氡ڴʱһȴǴֵطĺгƽЦţҪˣعˣͼıԼҿǲʵռأҿֱӽɱ
һԺȳɭɱȫ
Ȼһ𣺡˭˵عˣ
УӰƿնһŮŻɫɴȹ£üĵ׺һöƬׯ
һŮͣǰŮӽΪƣȴҪһݴݴ΢΢ͷһͷĿȸĮ֡
ˣƽ΢΢һ䣬侲ŭ£ã˵Ļ죬֤ɽҪ͵ڿش棡
ھҪɱάԼ棬㲻Ҫ
ƽĿߣΪ׵ĶׯŮӡ¡ص𣿡
ƽһȻûϵƽķӦ
˵ĻǾɢȥɣҪ˿󡣡µ
£ƽˣ͵̤ǰһҪʲô
ʲôһҪʲô
ɫͻȻһϺȵأ˵ԺԼؼ̳СߣԼպصģȥˣıԼҵĶ𣿡
ƽ鶸Ȼһ䣡
֪˵ʵϴֻŮ¡롰ʫʫصԼҲã˴ŮĻ£ҶԼҵļ̳ˡ
ǣϼʧ٣ȴҲû˽Լ棡ȴû뵽»ͻȻ顣
ԼĸסڳɡȻʵԼҼԼڲȻֻǡ
⻰Ҿ͵ǲ˵ĺ׷˵Ҫϸ泤ϻᡣ˪
ƽ˼޺޵һ˦ӣȻô˵Ҳ޻˵վüģԺվ֣ᷢػԼҵĻڼң
¿Ӱʧϵɫиһƣ֮ⷺƽǾ仰ڷйŭʵȴ޵ؾԼ
뵽ڳɡԼҵǿƣͷһ
¶Ҫ̫ˣǸţڻгϻǯƣʱ졣ǰο
ʱȫû˸ղŵϬɣӦһ
ߡ
ʱĮŮһĮȻ˭˵˵ٺԾܲİ
ʫʫü
ȻĮŮӱԼҵĶС㣬ʫʫ
ϰʫʫ˵ҲΪ⣺¶Ҹһ£ǳܣͬսˣֵ죡
޳ɩ޳Цعֵ
϶ʱһƬϼǳǳΪ񣬲Ϊǰ֮˳ڲǼ˿
һ֣޳
ֶһз׸ˣαطܡ
ʫʫŪٶȴЦԼȻȴҲʲô߰˶ġ
ʫʫú˵
ϺǸ⣬޳һʫʫʢ˵ִ֪磬ҴǸˡ
޳һЦΪʲôʫʫԼ˳⣬ǿΪѵıϣҲƽϡ
˵ʫʫȴǲ׼Ź㣬սʲôطǼȳôǸҿ
סڣ±һ䣬ŭʢ
ʫʫû뵽һ۰ԼĽԼȳ⣬Ȼȴǲ˵ֻ÷߷ߵص޳һۡ


239 Լ֮Σ
˼䡣
޳ǰԼ͡޳ԭЩԥڼؿʱǴӦ
һ£Եϲãʫʫȴ޳첻ϣϵĲһ㡣
ԼУвмߣһ׸ƵСˣ
û޳˵ݼظǡΪ޳ּ֪ΪߣҲûϡ
һ·ϣԵظ˵޼ҵ״޳ֻ赭дЩʡԼսǿ֮£ȴһδᡣ
ʵϣʹ˵ԼսҲǲšϾǿߣԴйʱ֮Ѿٷڶˡ
ˣ÷ұºػԾ̾޼ҵĵ̣ضʲô޼ϡ
·ӣҲûϸʡ

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޳ʵܲݼһԼˣЦʵ
ĳڲǼݼѰ಻ס棬õ˻ᣬ汦Ƶشǰ
޳ͷ֪ʲôֵþȵģݼ졣
֪ʮܻ֮ǿߣǶô˵顣޳׼ǵ˵ùȥƫƫĳսˣ
ݼ˿ҡͷǸ
ǰ޳й²⣬ϷΪġ浺ȴû뵽𰸾Ȼ˷˼
ҲûΣˣӦòҪٸ˰ɣ޳ݼճԼоЩΡ
ߣҪǱڴչ㣬һغˡڵãҵ˿ɽŽһ߿ǲǣ
ݼһ̣ûĵġ
޳һ󷢺Ȼݼż¶̬ޱȻ󣬿Ǹϰ߼ֵģ
òģҪܸžˣֻǱ鷳ǡ
˭鷳ˡ
ݼȻ뵽Լ֮ǰҹҪ룬˿ɽ飬ɵȥ
ã۾һתصسǰ죺ֱﲻޣֵԼҵĵλǺܲء
޳۾һУƽ̬ȣͿЩ쳣ԣҶǳ޼ңֵ죬޳ȻؿΣնæ
֪Щʲô
̫Ҳֻ˵ԴԼϼʧ֮ԼҾɴϡڳɡӹܣȻֻǴ֮λʵȨ죡
ݼȻСϢĶ࣬һĻ˳Уֵ׵֮ǰƽǽȴȡҪǵϼ׿ЩҪֳ粨ˡ
޳üͷ΢壬һĨȻ֮⸡
ƽȢ£ôͳԼҵļ̳ˣȨɫ˫աһȴشңǸȻǽغ֮ˡ
Ϊʫʫ̬ӣ޳ĵط
Ǻݼڰɡ
ݼЩȻҡͷԼҶСҲţ귽ʮǰ벽λΪԼϼҪֵܼ̳ԼңǷΪ֮ˡ
ԼֻԼԼ˼̳У˶ûʸҪǱϼһͨǲЭ
Źֵؿ޳һۣݼλС㵱˵ֵǳģͼʸ˽õλҲһˡ
ԭô
޳΢ЩζЦ⸡֣һСѾͷµĿǲֵ֮档
ڼҸȴǲòĳЩõľٶԼǲòΣ𰡡
ݼ͵һ޳ȻоһޱѪɱо֮Уǰ·һͷޣԻ̧צӣ
˸䣬޳дһĨ壺ÿֲɱ䲻ʮʲôľɱ
Լڳ׵ģĵشռٹ﷽ԲȫһСǡ
ԼңһӰСⶼԼϽһЩ̻ռݣΪ׵ķʢ˺ܴĹס
޳ˣ㱻˹Ϣڳⲻ磬Լڶٺúɡ


峿޳˫Ų˵վͥԺȻֱһ
žдһű֮þõģ۶ǵݣ
ಣಣ
޳չȥĲӷǳ滺첻ÿһν̤䣬ƸԼһΣܲסǵ𵴡
ӰطǿϢϢأƤĤ޳ɣλλҲǴǿ
ͻȻ޳һ٣Щεص͵ˣɡ


240
ݼвأڨڨ˳һŮװ°ɫսҵԾ˵е֣ļ峿·΢⣬һޱ顣
˭͵ˣֻǸˡݼʶġ
޳εʼ磬֪ŮǧܽȻĻʹľԼ
˵ݼ̲סˣʩչǲǾƣ
ƣ
޳һȻһնɱ¾ƶʱƵȥգ˵ɣ
ԣ
ݼ鼤۾ɵԲƺҪһڽ޳¡
޳ϡµʲôҽż淢һսһλСʤСǰ
ͬաҪǻܲ³Щʲô޳Ҳʵ̫ˡ
ݼ¶һĨɫмλļأŵʮˣ
޳һˣ
ǻսУʤбֳΪҪΪŵҲҪ徳Ϊɣ
Ȼˣǿսǵһǰƣ޳ɰ徳¡
Ȼ֪޳ǵˣݼҲˣһŲһؾʧ˴룬Ҫı⡮ơ
޳üȻǿǼֵӦûôɣ
ɱ¾ǲˡơɣҲһ弶似ˣӦ㲻ʲô
ݼ˿޳Щɣ뵽޳ϳˡʶԴȴ˿ģٵǣ˴֪óҩȴ֪ʱڶ½Ϸ򣡡
ϷطĴеأֻҪУҾܵõУ⸴ҫֻҪ⴫еأȴǱҪоƵİ
һ˵޳ȫˣѹԼɱ¾ʱ㼤ԭйϵô
ǰͷӭݼڴ޳ҡҡͷ˵Ļȫɣ
ݼһЩҵɫʶرܿ޳
ŵǵǿô겻²ѰҾưɣ
һݼı飬޳֪Լ²òһкܴ鷳
Ȼ鷳޳Ҳ뱻˵ǹʹҰﲻ㡣
ݼɫʱɷףһƾ֮ɫ֡
޳Щ̣Ǻݼ˵ȫĻ¾֪ΣգҲó֡
ȴǴƭɣ޳޷ܵģ
ú硣
ӲУһЦ漴˹޳Ȥ߲֪ʱһ̰ᣬ᲻ء
硣
޳кһҪ̴磬֪֪
ǲμӺΨһƾֻ֤жܵõ浺ķ䡣üͷʲô
޳΢΢һЦƽȥμӺ
ʲô
ش󾪣һԵݼǺȻʧɫ𾪵ؿ޳
ãزſЦ֪μǺΣգȻԼҲǶӵöһǰȥսμӺҲһˣ֪ΪΣ
޳⡣
ȻҲףΪ̫ΣգսȫһĵطʵǱΨһƣ¾ǳ޵ֻҪ㹻棬Ҳ᲻ݣɱ
ԣûдﵽɣǻսԱȻμǺܹ治٣ԼҲȥġ
޳ףһ˵ɵǿǲɻȱȻ᲻˷ˡ
ڻᣬʮѾܹСɣֻҪٵ꣬һ캣ܲμӣʱܹ롮ɰ񡯡ϷҲո¶ͷˣ޼Ҳ֮档ؿĵȰ˵
ôԼôȵü
޳ٶ˵ԻսΣԤϣȴҲû뵽ΣգȻҪɵΪӵбʸ
ۼʵʩչԪǧ䣬սκΡǿߡǲһĻ֮ںϣԻɱСǿߣ
ѽ
ؼǿ޳ģһı֪ûнԼĻȥɿЦɱԼҵõҲˣԼȨ֮ڼҸӡ¾ǻãҲὫ֮ˣǸйصˡ
޳Ҫõһö°
ˣȱЩˣȥɣϷͷһܶⶼûʶ
޳޷ȴĺ⣬˳ȥݼ֪Ǻ뷨һҧҲ
͵ͣס˽ŲѭȥֻƽЦţ½þһŭ


241 Ȼ
¶ôˣһ˹ȥ
ǣԭνԼҼ̳˰ãһǲҪǰȥ֪ͨأʡˡ˵ƽǳŪЦ
زֻ̽ѯ¡
ɫһ˿ࣺڳɴ飬˴ȻԼҵϵ䣡
ʲôһ
Ҹ⽨ҲΪԼҺðҪ֪ޱ󣬺øȻҪڵ֮ϡ
ƽЦģڵԼҿɲȴǰƼԻõĽ׻ɲ˷ˡʲôèܺôЩΪ˿ɲǺܹƽ
⻰ʲô˼ָһ졣
ٺ١
һЦƽһָϻѾͨ˼ҸĽ飬սͨԾսȻǲ䶷̨ϱٵ㣡
ˣɲֻŮ˱
Ȼһ仰ƽЦתȥ
ڿ·ʵʣѹͷġ
޳˽֣磬֮ʲô˵ô
ߣ㻹ʣԭȻѾȷҪǳ˻£ôͻȻѣʫʫ߳
޳üͷ΢壬ȻԸŮƽϣҲɶԷ
ֻ֪ǳŧǽƵĺáһζϣڶԷԶˣͷڹˡ
㣬˵˭ͷڹ꣡ʫʫü
ʫʫ
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Լܹ֮׵꣬⵺ӵһȻϵСð벽λǿͻϰֱλ֮
ؽ͵ԭȫԼУÿ궼ӻͻơԴϼʧ֮ǱѹסƼҴͼıձǷȥ
ȻһӶ޳Ҳܲµ֮ض˲֪ȷѪꡣϾϵλǿߵǾ޴Ȼǳ
ףȻǺöڼԪͻȻ˵ˡ
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õ˻شԪٶȳĬȥ֪ĥʲô
֪䶷̨ϣڼҸӻʲôı磺ʧȥڱ֧ǵҲһЩ
ÿѳܹһЩǵбϾ˭ҶеȴͻƵĺ󱲣ĺô޷ܾġ
ȨǱڳɸգǾֻ»ת
ڶҲ棬һձɼ
غݺݵһƣ֣صص¶ģҾ䣡
šᡣ
ʫʫƲƲ죬ջûгԳ¹شԼһпľأʱ̣ȻҪȫˡ
һ£Ȼ˭û˹׵Ȥ޳΢ЦŴкתԼͥԺ
һȻ׸ƵСˣڼԼûкô̾͸ϽƲ˸ϵʫʫȻ
ֹҲ̲סЩʧ޳˿̵ΪҲȷʵƲϵɡ

Ԫ飬ǶȻʲô
ھ֮ϥ£޳Ԫ鿪ʼ˹֪ܹͨԪȤľѰ
ز˵ôȻеĿֱգҽ֮Ϊһ֣һֻвһǺĵӾܽ
ԪƵصԼҲˣȻܹõһ֮Ǽ⣬ƾԼҾʵʵĶǶ
һһ˽λ֮ƾһ㣬ǼֵѼΪˡҪ֪¾гļƷҩˮԪӦҲѱ֤ӵаٷְٽλЧ
ƺҶԣ޴ðɣ޳üͷ΢壬Դڤ鲨뻯϶Ϊһ۳ΪڵԪͷ·һ
˵۹⣬ѿѽСɣ
޳Լȴ֪ΪλǿߣǶȻЧǲǰԡ


242 ˲ɱ˱
ãô˼ע
Ԫ顰ҡһȻ޳֪ǲмȻ޷λǿ߽ףĦȻ֮㣬Ҳ档
޳ȻѰǿҪסﵽȻܹһ֮ĳ̶ȡ
Ƕǽ֮һ۶ܹȻǰ󣬶ۡ
ԭˣҲܽȻҲܻ治ٰɣ
٣ûʶ㵱Ȼļֵô
ԪٺһЦӵ̬ץҺãûм޳ģȻȻǶ̺ǺܳԣǱӵм
޳һ
Ǻڰ廹Ȼ壬һﵽԲ̶ȣؼһһǿߣóκ֮һнرɫںϣǵУ
ԪԶ뵽ĳЩ£ջƮ˼⼫֮ЧܴǶȻϡֻҪ㽫ԴЧҲгɣ
˻
޳̲סһȻƣԽսɵǿߡкУÿһ㾿жѣ
Ľ֮·һ˴СɽгɣҪʮʱ䣡ҲЩӵǿ̵ֶͨΣµһʱ䡣
Ⱥ׼λ֮ʱѻ㹻ĸ򡣡
Ԫ赭дǲ͸¶˿˿޷޳ȫӦԪʱγɡ顱һĻ
ʹУӵгǵĿҲеӸȥǵȿֲĶ
ôĿǰΪľԪ⣡ܹ֣ɣͿٶԪУг֮ңպ㽫ܹ˼ɵش߶Ԫǧ䡯õܵԪԼ
Ԫǰ޳Ҳ˿ڿˮ𺳡
Ҳõ𣬵ʱԼһԵҲ˵
Ԫ黰Щδ֮⣬ҲͣתΨһҪǵֻǣȻ֮С
Ԫһ仰޳ɫҲǻСڷҵҰгɳ޳ϸӵҰȻһ
ΪһˣûǿĿɽȴܵõϴϼʶⱾǷǳ˼֮£ңȢԼҵ飬ǸǴϼӴˡ
¾սڲɽͷìأοǶʹ֧ԼҽõĳЩҲؿ֮
ϸӵ֮£±óڲȻ˲ʱǲԼҽãеָ𶼻絶أ
Ͼϸ֮˺˱ƽͣܳɶΪֵǵǲ찡
޳΢΢Ť²һ΢Ĺǽڱһͬɢкȴ޶˽ͷ𣺡˲ɱ˱ǡ
Ԫһ㵣ʧЦСӵǸɴý
޳ʵʩչԪǧ䣬ѾܹԿǿߡǽ֮ںϣС֮ڣκˡ
ңӵģȻֻǵͽɱսޱȾˡһٻе飬ǵǿƾ춯أڳɵʵƽС۷壬Ҳ޷ֵ
޳ĶƣҪĴҲޱȾˡ룬ϼ޷ˡ
ৣ
޳һ̯һɫıԵΪľʵͭƤСĳˣɱĿȥȫûƺƵż־ɵζ
ֻҪǸ֪֮ԽӽһЩܴϸܵһɽͷƤ
ԭ֮֮ǿ޳ָĦı棬һ֮ע⵽ָֻԿ죬һ˿˿绡ԾǱɫĵ˲Ŀ
Ȼ֮пһֻ½޵飬˴Լֶ󷨣ȻǷͬһ㡣
ԪЩźҡҡͷϧɱе鶼ƣ޷ٱԪգĻһչа
޳û̫뷨̶һ꣬һ·ԽףֱӴﵽλ硣
Ƚٶȣȥ֪ҪöĽˮе鲻ɣԼȥѰһʺϵıˣ
뵽ԪԣϷ浺ֻ飬һĨɫ޳ܶѣһҪǰʮ֮У


243 һĻ
˯ô
ͻȻ⴫һỽ
޳ݼǵɡ
һ֮֨űƿˣ漴ݼڰŲ˽տʼӴʱֵȫͬ
⸱ģ޳ͷЩ̣ƫתͷ˫ҪȥνĴ֮أ㲻ؿˣԼҪ죬뱻ڲȥʲôˮ
䣬޳Ǳ˫
Σһֱûж޳Щ֣۾
ɲʱ͵һ𣺡ʲô
ʵ¹͸˽ɴ¹ȴһ׵ȹװһ߲ŴƵ֮ϡ
ݼ֪ʱѽ·ȥ¶˰͹µٳ£еü㻬
֮Ǳһ˿ɬǸȴһݾȻӭ޳ִֵؿ˹
֪òʲôл㡣կĶҲ磬ó㶯ĵıԣ㣬ó㡣
ݼᶨر˫޳Ĳ΢ֻҪӦ֣Ҿġ
òϣ쳣һұҰԵɫ֮£ƫƫֶһʥС
ָо·ٳȴֲǸ߲ʣ÷Ϊ֮ĵǿҵ֮
޳һ˫ƽƸûп޵һĻĮ³Ϊױɫͷ֮Һܴױƭ
߰ɣһᵱûз
ϢƵĳĬ
Ȼһʧذ˻𣺡㵱Ըƭ֪֪Ҿʲô
ȫ屻ֻʣ˼ϣԭ֮ǵ٣ֻΪ˴ǳõһЩ΢͡
ЩŶݵؼʱ̷ǵԮ֣ץ֮
Ϊʲôô꣬ûҵƣܣǲҳ֣һ֣Ҫ鷳ľЩĵڳŵѣ
СֻǲʮĺӰȻҲΪЩҪץȥĹߣҷʲôѹǻҪĿѣ
ʹ
ֱʧֹסشۿ䣬ݼȫرסڵأ·һֻ˵¹
ģ޳
ôĵĹթôĿѣòƿʵ£һޱдİɣ
Ȼݼ֮ǰѡԸԼ˵ҪƭԼǲԸԼЩ֮һ㣬òƵҵĹߡ
Ըеһα˺
һϧ֮ӹͷ޳СĵؽݼϣҲ֪㾭ô֮࣬ǰ˵̫ˡ
дݼҲܲס޳Уۡһ˳
á
ŽֹסȻۣѾסһĨǿЦݸ֣뿪޳Ļлл˵Щ£֮ǰҲԣԲ𡭡˵ĶԣҲƭҵĻˮ
ܱǸҲˡ
ҪתȥӰ޳εҡҡͷȥʶһǴ֮أ֪ǷԸ⣿
Ȼһ
ݼ彩Ӳһתŵ޳ζ˵
״޳΢Цһ̯˫֣ԸĻ
Ը⣡Ը⣡Ը⣡
ݼŷӦȵľϲӯӣ޳ڣһס޳졣
޳ɫһղһֻǰοݼûй˼ڷѾǱôǿҵĸйٴ̼
Ǹűһ˿ۣܹܵǹ۷ӯĴСЩεŲܿһЩеڡ
ҵĿ޵֮һġ塯ݼ˫˸ųɡ
ڵ޳ԣʲôĳ壬ҲǱȲݼĴ̼ǿȵһǿ򶨣Цڴϣ˵ҪʱҲû˼ԼǶô
ۡ
ݼһ֣ȫɢ¶˱ɫĻãһʱװһͨµģҳ󡣡
뵽մһŤݺݵ޳ǰһѡ޳÷ǳһֱȥо˶ԷķӦ
һŻǡöС֮ϡ

ݼһܾС¹Ƶ˿ȥһʼ뷿ʱľٶʮִ󵨣ʵⷽǳͷβĳ
ͨ죬۲ˮ촽΢ͷ͵͵صҪĻҿԡ
޳ֻЩڸʹظһ䣺Ŀ𣿡
Ȼ
ݼʹԴȻ̧𣬽һЦԣߺߣղ˼ңã
仰޳°һ֣Ծ˷š
ӦǱӦԪֱֵ
޳һ죬ҧгݵش࣡ӣ


244 
ϴϼʧ٣ԼƲ٣ǵʵҲеȶӵȵ̣ԼȻһձ̺ܽȱŬ
Լҿղ޲ʹϣһжԵ͡
ǣ֮ȴǴƽı£ϡһ˿˿İ·ʱ첨𣬽ǰƽ͵Ļݺ˺ѣ

Լң䶷̨
޳һ˴˴ⷬٶʫʫı鵹ǻ˼֣ûкɫ
䶷̨λԼĵشռ㳬˰ĶͨͣɡƷˣ֪ô䶷̨ҪķѶٲ
Ŀȥ䶷̨ǿӿݣȻܹػ
Ĺ壬ҲֹڳɵҰ𣿡üʵ
ʻĶһݵӣһۣᣬֻʱв¶һ˿ů⡣
ꡰĹ˵ͷεصڳ֮ʱϻͬľд룬ҲΪ
һ䶷̨Ҳ࣬ʮӣÿһ涼һˣ߾Ӷ࣬ЩԼĵ
ϻᣡ
һ֪ǰӾƭҪӳϻҳһ˾ҳԼҵĻĹǲѡ
ĹԼǹ¶ޱȼѣЩϼԴ
ϼܣĹԸū֪֮ԣһȨĹ½Ȼˡ
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ȻʫʫĿһ£Ϊ޳ĵŴʹڳɸӷѡ
޳ӣԳһЦԼԼУǳǻԴˡ
ڹأΪ˱˺˫ǲ˳ԣʤ۽
ĹڳȻҰĴ󣬵ڳ˺Ƥһԣ³ҲǺ֮顣
˼صصͷΣԼҵϵҲǺ۸ģڳô⣡
ĹףǣڳɸĿǰʵ꣬Ǵʲ˽еĻֻǷǳ£
ʹֻһ֮ıԣԼҲʤ㲻󰡡
£ú磡
ЦУһӰ̤նȻ²һɫţյƵġ
ӰδһǿϢˮǿף˺о˿˿ɬ
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Ĺı񻺻һѹֲסȻ֮˳ٲ㣬Ǹ㰵иĻ᣿
ڳɱһĹϣ˻ν⣿
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Ц
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Ĺɫһ֪ڳ˵ʵϼڣƼȻǷˡϼһʧ٣ƼҼʵԼȷʵֻڳɿ֮ƥУ
ڳһΪԼ룬ƴŶֻҪõطã׳ԼҲдڳȻ
޳һڳɣһƹŹֵЦ˵ҲˣԤıѱ䣬ȴ˵Լίһ㡣
֪ڳȫΪ裬ɫĹ֮ǰ˵֮⣬Ҳ֪ˣ֪ôĹ
ǺǣС
ڳϵļһ˲ʧøɸɾݵصͬԼң¾ִҲΪԼ룡ҿһдӼɡ
üͷһ壬Щ˼
Ȼ˽룬ûɡ
ڳһ仰ûгĹϣһ䣬ȴõ˶ɫС˲ֻҪܹСǡ
һֱվƽһЦаȻתһȦ£ҸҲΪԼ룡ƲԼҪһǿˣֻ῿һЩôĹļһ
ƽѾгɵΪԼҵϵһҲһ֮սˣ
Ĺ˲̷ԣԣڹأзսʤδ
أ˶ģȻҲ޸ġ
ڳɴϣûĹ˵ɣҶ츳ȺʧʣֻҪԼҵϵһ˿ԽʮУ䣬ұ㲻ٷԣΣ


245 ħ
ʮУѵĹ϶ûӦ£Լ֪պļ̳ûеǻʧɣ
ԼҿԳ׵ĴڣȻƼҸǹףΪԼҺܾûг־ž޵ˣ
ڳɵΪķ˵ڳλҲԴǰȻ䣬ÿһνеĻᣬζһδԵʱɲƽӹ֮ƿأ
µ˶Ǳŭֻ޳һüͷ壺䣿ô£
ڳ¼ˣĿżɨ޳ͣ˲Ȼתö벽λֶᡣ
ε絶µģɫɷصѹһҧ˵ʱԴһƽս㣡
Ŀ֮£һ۵زӳȣӭƽ̤ǰҵսȼ
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ԼҵϵһУȻСɵΪʵսȴǼǿǵһˣ
һЩͨгǿߣδĶ֡
츳ԼһУܹȵԣϼ¼޸أյΪ̳ʱû顣
Ҳţʱգһܹɳϼǵȸ߶ȡǡ
ڳɸӻ
̲סǵؿһǸ߰䶷̨ϵƽĹгأƽɲͨгʵ

ƽһݹɫۣεĳüбޡ
صսǳһѪЦ⣺һҪŮ˱󣬵ͷڹ꣬û뵽ȻмѪԡ
ʮָգһ֮˿ŭһ˿֮ⱬѪⶫȷʵһЩ֮޷ġ
ڳɸ׷ɱӵ˳׵ϼ󷢶ˡȴû뵽վΪ
ƽɫһ䣬ŭ֮ɫҾĳЩ˵Ѫֻ֮£ֻǰףľֻǴÿЦ

һִĺɫ֣תХը죡ƽݺݵһ䣬ǿķ䶷̨ǻζһ£һ޴ħ߽Χơ
ʹ֮£Ҳ㹻ˣĳЩˣûʸԳΪ
سȣͬڵĹ˫𣬾͵ķ񴵣һ죬İ졣

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ħϣȭĸֲܹʵĲ㣡֪ʱʫʫȻվ޳ߣգף
ƽжٲʱʫʫϣƽ֣֮
棬Ҳ죿
ƽЦ̲סӹһĨɫ׵ϼµĽϲԡ
ŮĿ󣬸һԼشȭĻᡣȴ룬ؾȻһȭ߰ġħϼľ޴Ǳ¶˾ġ
һĨɱʲôħնҪɱ䶷̨ϣ
䣡
ʮɵħ߼ӴǾӿһ㣬գۼ両˰ɾ룬˺ҧء
Ȼȭϣƽأһ׵Ϊȴӵ˸ߵĹ
ħ죡
ұһ˦ɳħɰնתһ˺յХسħߡ
˻
Ԫ۵ħħӵ꣬һǷҧ
һħߵ˺ҧ£ÿһ棬ܶȶĽʯҵ涼ǳһһӡ
ƽһĻʺޣճ鶯һĻȣС棬Ҳţңħ߽ɱ
ӴħȻһһ£ȫƤⶼΪ֮ζһ֮ը
ԭϵħһƵ屻߸߱ɣ˻ȥ
ʣ
ħ߲Ź֮ƽһʣǽħȦ棬ԽһСɽʳ촷۵֮
ۣ
ħ˲ʵŭκα˴޴ǱյСһ룬֮ҲһѪ
һжסƾ㣬ҲЦƽ̵غȵϼǱɱˣƾС棬ҲԳǡħɣ
ƥ¾Ҳɿ˲˲ļ
һǽŻǲмϣۿƺ졣ȴڴʱ͵̧ͷһĨ֣֮߾ߣǿߣҲϾ죡
ϼ۹⣬ұ㿴ȭ壡
Ȼ䣬һǿսϳԭѹ֮°Ŷǿҵѣġ
ħ
һȣ˫ֺϲصһġʱһõɫâƿշɳðħߵ˱еħ
ɲǼ䣬һĿɢֻħߵͶ𡣶ѱѹüϸħȴһſеİȻ֮ա
ңʣ
ƽһ䣬Գһ˿ţ˫ʮָӡһȭպ˹ȥڴʱħȴ͵طһβ˦˳ȥصسħ֮ϡ
ž
ǳɴ䣬ħߵһʸñأХзɹɾ롣

ƽһֳ̽ħһץħ˳ƻص
һߣǴִֵش۾ͨ죬ŶԷħͨף죡
ɵúãʫʫ̲ס˻֣д˷ܡ
޳ЦƳһۣȻŮԭǰˡ
ʫʫܵһ죬ݺݵص˻ʹǿҲڸǲʵӺɷ򣬲ԼúƴϵҲЦߣ
ðɡ޳Ůӣһᡣ
սʱ̣Ҳ˲óõˣŵض䶷̨ߵĹͬȫصдһ˿˷ܣ
û뵽ȭ߰ôǿӣСȫܹסʮأпܻƽ
ϯУԭЩҡڻĻϲ֮ˣɫ΢΢һ䣬صһ˿ء
ǸоԼƺеıҪħ治似߰尡оȻҲԽսУ
һƬ˷ܻǽšǵУڳɵıȴʼûб仯ǵ۳ɫħʱ۾΢Уص֮صƽˡ


246 ԣδ
ţ
ڳ仰䶨˵ǱͶ䶷̨ġµˣһ
ƽǳһ˿ɭЦݣ촽ǵһ㻮һȣսϯһȻ³ǣס
ԣ
Ȼ䣬һīɫָⵯ漴գͷⲻ꣬󣬽е赯
գۼ䣬ŵ
飡ɲʱĹʧ
ǵɫīڣޱµϢ͸Ȼˮϵʼٳƽۣգۼγһźصˮơ
ڳɣͬȶ㾹ȻʹֶΣ𣿡Ĺû뵽ƽ֣ȻԼҵϵһҲóһЩ飬ƥԵȴûС
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Ĺҭð˵Ϊ¾ϴϼʵҲûй
޳۾һУʶʹ飬ǵкЩ鷳˰
˵ƾ㣬Ҳǰչ¶ѪԣƽЦʳָһߵһһУ㣡
ݣ
صǻ۳һżΪŨīƣħٶȳͣ漴ͷһŭأ
漴β;ƣصغճءδ嫵Ȼղ˱ű֮һۿɼɫѷƽ
ɫһݣ˫ֿٽӡһõٵذұħ
𣡡
ħߺݺݵسħֻ֮һⱻܿñˮΰ򵱿ա
شɫ৵һףǿŲû³Ѫ
ף㵹мԣȻܽһ
ƽ¶˲Ȼ֮ɫ漴ЦУ㻹ܴ漣أ
ңңһָħߵͷ£ֱصؿڡ
䣡
ؽʮǿĸߣػ֮²ûп
ǣƽ֮ʵѾƽ֮ԶԶĳ
ȣ
ǿ͵մؽü˫۽֯һȦܿ챻շ˳ȥһϺɫѪ̲ס˳
ǺǣֹһУֻˡƽϷʣħŪؿأôٽУܶȡ֧Ȩˣ֤ԼǳĴûᰡ
ȣұسס棬Ҫվ
ˣ
۾ͨ죬䶷̨ŭƽ֧ǡ
ʱ޳Ȼߣһŵҩ˹ȥĿؿɨһĨϺѪʱɲʱһ˿
Ͳô
źҡҡͷƽüͷҿԽЩҪֻҪٽУһУֻҪһУҲԽ֧Ȩø㣬ô
ҧסأƴҪվǼشѾڸܵشҲ޷ס
㻹ǽжӲȻҲպִƶǿЦ
ƽŪ˽Լңֻ³׵Լҵ֮
ڳɰؿıݣ̲˵һ䣺ƽ˵
ֿ೤ϣλϣ˴εС𣬴ûɣ
иղһսףڶ೤¾ǶǵİԵҲ޷ԡ
£Ȼ⻰˵ǣһҸ桪ѡ˿ذһĻƽʹת
һսۿŽҪʹĻٳźؿһµˡ֪ϼڣƾصǱպضܹ˳ִԼңϸߵĲΡ
ϧһжʵˡ
ҡͷ׼ɢȥƽҲ̨¶ȥȻ䣬һĮ𣺡ԣƺûнɣ
ৣ
һͻأ𣬶ʱ˵עξסȻͶ
ÿ꣬ע⵽ǰ벽λΪʱǲԻˣ꣬ʲô
Ŷ
ƽһعͷûнôļһſˣѵҪս
صѾһһˣΪȻǲҰܸأοǰޱƽꣿ
㲻ҪٸԼҵϵˣʫʫϺһĨŭֳ֪ж벻ҪСһķʽ
֪ʵˣֻϳ˵ϼݻսܸӳ衣
С˶㶼ðôҪҪҸһ᣿
ƽ˼ƵֻҪûõĶһУҾͰøΣ
ܣſڣҪקס޳
Ҫ㡪
ȰĻδ˵꣬ȻһȻ޳
һֱڳɶһ𾪵ڣǵӰ


247 
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޳ȻǵȻһǿϢȴǲȻһɫνͨ廷ƣ紩һС
֮£ղ𵴣Ϊ֮
ϢƲгɣ
޳Χ˵ķӦ˿ܶҡӰأĮȻְɡ
ƽȻϢҲһ㶣㱻赭д̬ȸŭˣһ˿֮ɫӣǺãȻ·Ҳòȫ㣡

ħ߶תƽ߸Ծħ壬ָƣݺݵ޳ԴһУ㣡
޳һ嶸Ȼƿգ˭ҲûпĶгһѲ㡣
һ֮ʣ޳Ȼ˰գ֮ȭһգصغħĵƽ

жӿһ֮УȻ޳ͻȻƺܾȣҲû뵽˴󵨡
Ͼ˫Ϊ⣬ʹ¶Էսǿ޳õӦԷʽҲֻѡӱŹһС
ȴû뵽˼ҺȻķʽ
Ĺбų֣
ƽǰܵԣһ֮ԼԼҵϵѵĻᡣֻҪյõżĿܡ
޳һ嶯ȴ˺ò׻õĻᣡ
㲻ʵ΢ԴҲ֮ƽҲϲصػ˹ȥ
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ʫʫǵƽյӰ촽ҧǿļһǲߺߣǳҲǻã
Ĭеǵɫȴޱȣ޷ء



248 ɱ
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벽ɱȻгϴ󾪡


249 벽ɱ
ʱƽһڽɫĳۣˮתϣϪһ㡣
һ֣ˮ˲ŨԶԶȥƽܾǶһӡ
һԽ˼ƷûеɱĲΡԪƾƽΪ㣬ԱԱѪ֮ܽ߶ˣҲֵܹǿߵĹˡ
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ƽҲһ漴Ťתͷ޳Ӧ쳽սǰ벽ɱѵ㻹ƿɣҿǲ֪ԼĽ
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һ˦䣬ϻԲѵƽʧӰɱͦǱʱڣ˿̶Եмֵ㡣

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һ˿£תͷȥȴ޳ƽ·ûиӦڳɵɱ⡣
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250 ˣף
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似һ似Ʒ޷ʹΪҲڲ
Ѱ似似Ϊϡ٣Ҷߵ츳Ҫĸߣǳܹ
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ƽʩչ飬ɱףֱİ벽ɱٻεֶΣһƽȻؽ֮⣬·Էֶ˿ûƿء
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ԣĹüͷ΢壬µҲЩŹ֡
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һ˵޳ɶͷԣµĸƽ硣
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251 ûϷ

޳û뵽֧֧죬ôһ顣
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Ȱ˵ֻҪܣԼҵϵµԴȹӦ㡣츳ȴҪǿ̫࣬պִԼң粻жֵ֣ԽԼ֮У
Լҽ꣬ڵϵһѹƵúܲңǻ۵ĵҲǲС֧һŵȻ𵽼ƽã
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ǵͳӲļһʫʫˮ˼仹мֿܡԽˣŪСƢֻԽ޳ᷳ
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252 
Ȼλڳ׵䣬ӳïʢ֮УԼҺĴԼٹֱ߾룬·̡̲
ԼΪȻǳ׼õķ޹ˣٶҲǺܿ죬ͷδбѸϵ
ԼһڿأһǾһɫƷơ
һ޴ޱȵĹֽռ֣ǹڣ޷
ȻǶˣ
ЩƼ֮ˣԭԼʱ޷֣ڡرΡ
ƱǿԭԼϼʵӳ׵ʱƼȻһû֮ϣԼҲ޷ٶȶԡ
ƼҼƴʵڳɻҪʤǹ˼ԼҶ۵ĵ̣Լδܹס
ѵ룬Ĺϴ򿪷ɡ
ʱԶƿֻ߰ġϢޡ˹ЩƷޣȻûг죬ȴҲֵĸߡ
ӰϢһˣȵһ࿡ͦ޽Ƿ꣬˵ÿǴȴ˿⡣
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Ȼֻ˿ԽȻΪǿͬԽĦ㣬档
ȻޣÿҲʱԴ򿪣ʱ󡱷š
ĹȻЩ֮ʮָáԪƿնȥǹ֮ϣʱ
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ˣ޳ܹΣֻض滨ݣ͸Ϣͬϡ֬񣬸һֻֿɴĸо
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ܿ죬޳ءԼҽáݼԼԼҵϵ֮ǰ
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253 Լϼʧ֮գ
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Сʱǳͬʦֵܣ绨ʱˣԼƲ֮ÿһִпɶܰϴæ
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һһǿۣƼӡ
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˳ΪгǿߣԼʮգ
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ɲʱų߶ʱ˽ȥֻҪԪͷ죡
֮Ԫ𣺡Сү㻹ôܣٲˮ㣡

ʱڰ˵У޳ѾŨûǵγӳС
ԬյˣٵÿƾգҲԵ˿͵þǸոձһƵġ
˫ԴˮȻ̤ǰһС㣬ʷ䣬ҾûԭȹرȽϺãԼ˸Ƽһɡ
۽һǰҪ㣬Ҫ㣡˫Դ㵱Լǿǲǣ

˫ԴۿʫʫҪͻˣԼһ˻Ǻ޽չҲ಻סˣڻǻȥǰѰͻơǲӦĻ˵ǾҪһˣ
֪ûеɽˣ˻һۣŭȵҪôԼһ񣡡
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ʱ˫ԴһЦ̧ŶУȻӽ޳ˡ


257 û𣿹
ԬʦܣǹԻһλðɣԼҵλȥǰʡ
˫ԴƯر棬Ԭյֵ
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һԼҵϵҲʧȥһǿԮʦ˵ͬһ£񶾵޳ıڴ֮УһͳȴǱȻ𣬾񷡪

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ǿѹסͷŭҡҡͷѡ·ˡ
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˫ԴָΪңңմ󽣺Ӧ޳лƼشƼ佣֮£Ҳǲһˡϣ±ѧ͵ǫһЩøԼɱ֮
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Ȼ֮У޳ڻת壬ĵһʱ䣬һɺǴ˽ŵֱԴ
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˫ԴͷһЩ̣Լ޳ǰȻˣСɣȻԼˣ
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˫ԴŭȣָһȻǰɫڱת¡δĽȻأ÷Բɶ˲䶳ᣬһƱ
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һǾŻǺǵУ޳յ˫ȴǶȻһޱȵĿŭ֮һ飬޷ѹֵķŭ¶û𣿹


258 Сǧ
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ԼԼ·һӰ޳߳˾޴ֱۣһȭ
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ɨһۣ޳룬Ӧûǵλ˰ɣ
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260 ǿƽ似
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ڳɲΪ⣬صŴ˴νףʫʫС֮еõƼҲ޹Ǵİ
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262 һ
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Ѫƣ̲סŨŨ𺧣޳СֵܲŶ󰡣ȻֱܹǿĹޱȺ˵츳


264 
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ڳɷһҺܹ֮𡱣Ϊ츳ϸߣȫΪħ似Եʡ
ԣһƣڵҲ˲ƣ
ڳɵɫޱѿһƾǽӸ֣ţСħ似ɱ
ȫѹŴһХһһ̵ǿΣԵһ޳ֱۡ
һձĻζɼһɫ˳޳˹ȥ
޳˿֮ɫֻǶϺһң


265 ɱ֮
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ڳĵ̾ϢصķһӳתɫɨڳˣǣΪɣ
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չֳ˺ֵƣ궼ǳأؽ֮⡣
ǵݵӰǿҵĸо·ڳɼʹгɣǰ궼㹻ֶν֮Ĩ


266 ̬ȴ
ֵܡ
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л塣˫Դذݵ
޳ױ⸸ˣ˫ԴʮˣԼʮһڿΪ塱һŽ⸸ĳ嶯


267 浺֮
ȥɡ
ƴһŽӸߵһΣС֣Сӻ˵֮Ҿ뵱Ǹһֱûᡣ
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ĹҲǼˣ浺֮䣡
ƴ̾ϢСǷ֣ϷԱ֮ʤ½ԴҲҪԶԶȴΪҪϣǿڡʽ֮Ტۣ
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Ϊˣ浺ϧľԴµĸ֮еҩһãȻķʱ⣬ʶɷһ٣
޳Ҳһһɷʸ񴴽ˡʮ֮䣬ﵽ˾磬ֱɾɲ
츳ȫʸ񱻳Ϊţ
ǣجҲʹ˷ʱɷ浺϶ǰءǵ˵棬ȴȻ֣һɱнԼʦɱ
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ʱ浺֮ϵĳϣǻ˸ľӢһʵ𡣡
ƴ̾ϢĿдŨŨı⻹꣬浺֮󣬻ϰݣʼڶ֮ڣĴŻڣϷ׵壬Ϊأʹ½Ҳвٶǿ䡣
뵽ǿ߱ɱȾѪĳ˶о
Ǻˣ޳̲סʵ
ⳡ粨ƽϷҲֻ֪һɱ󣬶ûгֹ򾳡ǿߣ
ƴ޳Сֿ֪ΪɥĲ񣿡


268 ս
޳һһ֣˵ħ似
츳׿浺ӣȻɱˡңҪǿֶΪ˱
ħ似
ƴ̲סֳһĨȻ粨ƽϢ֮ӷһħ似似ǿһۣѪڣӿǿҵĺɱ⣡
ҺãⱾ似ǿ߷Ӧÿ죬֮ٻ٣űһˣûмգ㱻Ծھ֮У״Ϊʹ࣡˼֡κħ似Υ߱سħɹɱ֮
׮ţʲô似Ȼð徳ǿ߿һ۶ܲסȻܹһţתΪħ
Щħ壬ǺȻµ似ɱڳɣǴӺδħ似
ⳡ̫ˣƻһЩʶ֮ʿ´ȥҰ֮˽˽ħ似Կ⵭ʷ
ƴʱԶܶ˶ΪҶûгֹǿߣ֪ħĴڣսţҲ֪֮࡭ˣСֵ츳Ӧûսɣ
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ƴԼǵС˼æ˵ն֣ǻսޱȣϷȻûеȥСĻϷһ㴫ţԸֵܷ
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սޱΣգһпСԼĻƼȻܶԼչ̲ˣ
С̻޳УһЦƼ뽲ĳȻûоǷ룬ܿ۽Ҳá
ǺǣϷͺ̵ˡȻ뺣֮ˣǰսսĳ֣ȴΪ
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սÿ꣬ŻһΣʱ䡣ǿߣһҲУܹõһƷɱӶһ졣ԣǰ
ƴҡͷЦȻսҲвǿСȮӲ޷ƼңĻϷҲȥҲлһ
⻰ȷмģܹûһ˻״ÿһ˶ݵŸߵĲŬ
лƼ֪պлԵսĳؽƼָ㣡޳˹֡
ƴͬЦЩϻСֲҪӷǡСֵϾƼСǿߴݹ٣Ƽұؽԣ
޳ҲҪΪڳҰĴҲᵢЩӡգҾҪ뿪׵պһ߶Ƽ
кȷǾԼԺҪƴҪԼˣʲô
ƴһ¶һ˿ǿЦǺãҾͲСˣֵκҪкһƼеľ
޳ȭ
ƴʧɨҲǵϢ޳˿һƲ԰׸ӣ
ֵܣĹøһ
ؾţֻһЩ˰ˣЩʱͺá޳֣Ŀɨʣµϣ˴ͷԴƺˣȻתԼҡ
ãĹæӦ¡
δԼƽ޳ȻǲٹġĲΣЩ˲Сˣһ㾫ء

Լңҡ
һӰ۱ĵеڹ¶
Щڹ籡һУ׹֮ǧأ޳ܶȥ
ˮɽ㣬ɻأ
ڳɵһսʤɣ޳Ҳ˲ٵֶΡңڳɱϾǿߣ߶ȫΪ֮ʱ˿˿޳ڡ

һи֣߶ȡ̶Ƥ汻
ʱ佥ţ֪ȥ˶ã޳۾˿ЩѲ
٣⻰Ǵȥ֪ҪöײǽԪ˳ӵгɵΪɱ֣㻹ô
޳ʧЦ漴üʵץסô


269 Ǭ
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ԪЩɥصϹʵ̫ˣƵģһӦԪүүҪʰܵӰ١٣ԪүүŻᣬǵòϹͷ
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Ϊгɣܷɱ¾ںϣ޳ʵ˸ƣǶԵںϣһٽػɱ
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޳һһȻһ֧ɫǸֶɫԼгâ
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޳ҡͷ̾ϢСǧҪžŰʮһԪȻɴɵıΪһԪ˷Ѿɲ֪Ҫá
СǧһԪΪǡװ쵽
ǽҪûΪԪͺˣҲ˵ĿƱͼѣǽԪҪɡ
޳ǿ󣬺ķһʱ䣬ҲһԪΣ
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⵹Ǹ鷳ҪĿǰĻ̫١һĶȻɣͿˡԪ鰲ο
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ǵȱ徳ǿ߶ᶯģʹţ޳ҲԼǿ档
ʵڲУֻ˶ˣŵԪҲ㹻ˡԪЩźͺǿܳɾһ֣ǲˡ
žŰʮһԪɵıСǧĴɡŵĻҲɱֻҪС࡭
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ȥϡܹиܵһ˿˿һɹո֮𺣷ġ
һöԿףͣ˰ΣԪɵص
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ⲻʲôԿףǬ׵һ˿ûɡ
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һ캣ڼ䣬ⷢǬ˵壬һǬ׷˿շڡɡеĻ֣Ϣսĺ䶯
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ݴǬħͬھڵõ׷֮ʣҲܻħһزأ
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270 
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ǹߵһЦϷԭΪԸСӲǵָˣϷȫϰĴڣʲôҪæˡϷЩ鵹ǲò㡪ʲô
ȻޱȾŭԪĴЦ̵ܣԪүүأϹ͸ȲװβǣϰĴڣԪүү첻ѳһ̲ˮ
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֮ǰСүھ͸СүǿԺúúСүã
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271 Ƿã
ݣ
޳ָⵯһöػ𾫣֮ǰ׻ʴһõʮ飬֮飬ʣµĻкܶࡣ
ػöˣЧһǰã޳Լ飬ɡ׻ǡǾҪԵˡ

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Ϣһ꣬Ŀֺķ׳ֱûκǿļͻͻֱԵÿ
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273 ɳĭĭ没
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ԣָ硣޳뵽϶Ѿͷʱյ޼ңͬһһֻܾС¹
šɳĭĭܹɵ˰źֱۡ
޳ָ֮ϣһ˿Ԫϸ˿˽ȥͯʱͬ첻Ŀ࣬ԷܹɳͨŮܵʹࡣ
ԼãԽѣСĭĭǾⲻܿһ̾Ҫʧȥ

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ðΣɳͨϢȴУ޳ջָüͷ塣


274 Ѫħ
СŮĲҲһˣܶҽʦ˵޷ơɳͨǿסͷʧ
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Ǻãʱ䣬Ϊĭĭ̽һģʹղܳɹҲܸƲ١޳֣صسŵ

׼һ峿Ѫһ̤ǰĩƳǵ·̡
һ·һƬľ󡣲ǺټԴľ¾ǲݴԶǺ٣紵һƬɳ
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ҪõУ뵽ĩƳУĩƳὣׯĵռݣҲ֪Ƿܹһ˳
Ҳɳͨҡҡͷԥһֵڼ֮пһЩ伮أԵƬսһɱ칬ҪһãǷӡħͨһͨ
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275 
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޳һԼĻĿסˣǸûȡ»ȥ޼Һĵһ䱸һѣҲ㹻ˡ


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289 ֲĵڶ
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290 ˵İο
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ŵÿһżɵɵؿ޳뵽Լղ˵Ļ棬Ҳǲɸоģļһ⺦˼ҳ
֪кδ㣿һڶأһλỻȡ似Ǽ۸ҲΪơϵ˼֡
ʱûжһĴ㣬ҿܻĩƳͣһʱ䡣ȻӵСǵİ޳Ҫ㹻Ļ㻻ȡ£ر¶ơ
ϲδɣȻˣٺòҲóûֽ̡ˣպô
˵ţݹһƣһǳĽשͼ
޳óƷ䱦ңԷȻصͳһͨƷΪ
䱦治ġ䱦ǼƸѪƣ
͵ȫ䱦ֻһöֻһЩ䱦󽻺õԼһЩ徳ǿ߲ܻ
ƾöƣ䱦֮ڹκζаŻݡ⣬ͷĻзָȡһšҺ
Żõ޳Ҳʶü֪䱦ƾһЩҵӪֶΣӵļҵضв֮
ǶԷĴֱʣһ
һҺ¾ԼԼ˶ȻҲǻһǧŰˣ䱦ȴ赭дͳʮĺô
ϣ޹»ǲܽܡ޳΢΢ü̵ֶ֪ĵƽ޹ʵǷ顣
ǧ򲻱йǣʵС϶ҲǴһ˽ģ
ϲϧŵ̬ϿҵصҲЦպΪ徳ǿǰ϶֮£䱦󲻹ǰύһλǿߣ
ֻҪպһЩ䱦󣬽һЩ֮ｻǷռĴˣ
ܶʱЩϡԴûһʵõԸⷬҲ޵ķʸһλ徳ǿ̽յõıתһܻķᡣ
ǺãҾˡԷѾ˵˷ϣٲҲ̫ˣ޳پܾ
ԸܣЦݸࣺˣʲսʱ䲻ӦþԼʱȥɱѪħ޵Ļί䱦󣬲ȡ似ҳ¼һݡ
˼ԣǾǿ޳Ի㣬Ȼ޳似һḱ
䱦ʵȫܹʮջسɱ
޳о⣬ֻǶ䱦ֶθо̾ΪֹЦֵһ
˼䣬Ҳ׹̲ĵǡ
޳ջҲûٶൢ飬ɳͨѰһջš

ѰгɣܸǵķΧʮɣΪΧ᲻󡣡
޳֪Լʱ仹ܳⷽû̫ơ
طĲͬɾǿߣ串ǷΧͬһʮ¡
һﵽǷΧߴɣܹǿߣĸڣ
ǣǿܵԼֻΧڵɣɵĳɣС۷岻ᳬɣ
ǿ߿ԿƶʮɷΧڵʮɵʮɣС۷ǲʮɣ
ҽǶķһЩʱ䣬ܽʮȫĻܹ
޳ºӸϿУ֪һ˵ϢԭСɰҪõأ
֮ʹһġסûд칬ŵĵأ
һɱʮαԼʮ֮ڣھ˭˭ȫǿʱĳ̡
У׻ǻ˴Լ˷֮һʱǵڶѪɽһ룡
ǴŲٵĻ׻ǿ°սﵽʮɣ
Դˣ޳Ҳǲüǿߣ·Ҫʩչ˫ںϲܶԸˡ
һδ칬ţһѣõԼʵ˸Ϊѵ֪жʵĸоΪУ
ͻȻһϵ𣺡Сӣ벻뾡Ϊ


292 סʧܡ
޳͵һ
Ȼʵϣûʱʱðһ仰ͷ޳г˾衣
״μԪҲκβ˵壡
û޳شǹ߱ǴһҪСĻܶϷְɣ
ԪЦ𣺡Σ
ǲΣ治
ǹ̬ȳǿӲʵСӽСɰ˳ͷ֪жˡ
٣ҪСӵǿ󱳾Ϊ̨ǿܶһᡣ𣿡
ԪүүţԪ鲻ص
٣ǹ߲мƲ죬ƾ㣿˿Źɱű巢磬㻹ܸʲôгܶԸ𣿻֪սıʲôطܹõָ
СүⱩƢʵڲˣ
Ԫ鷢ŭˣܾû˸ôԪ˵Ȩץסͷǵý֮ݺһ
ǹת޳ʵСӣ֪ҲԸб˵ӣĿǰ׵ǿսֻҪӦһұ㴫Сǧ㾡Ϊ
޳һ֮ҲоԪռСǧƺȫĹû⣬Ӧûʲôϡ
ҪҸʲôҪҰʲôУǻ⿪ڡ
Ȼ֪ߵݣҲóԷǷܹˣؾڵԼƥС
ߣ㱾ȻСΪгɣʹЩֶΣܹСгۣҲǱеĵָ֮У
ǹߵдһĨ̹ǵĺ⣺ֻҪﱾһæ𣬱Իǰȥֻ
޳ǹ⻰һЩĺ壬Ժһָ֣
ǹһ㶣Ȼû뵽޳˼ȻϣֻҪΪϷҵ˴νǰսĵӼɣʣµ飬㶼عܣܹõȫСǧط
Ϸɴ£պҽĺܣڻսİȫҲͶһݱϣ㿴Σ
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ˡ
޳˵꣬ɴش㻹ǺúԪ֮дŰɡ
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Ϊʲôǹ߼ҪѵϷسŵϷ㣿
òϡϳɾ׼ȷز³޳Ĺǡ
ԪٺһЦǲϻֻҪԹԵذǿŻԴ¶Ԫүү֤㡣
˼Цǹ¶μĻȴıؽٲϴ
ǹԱҭһ£ŭغøˣݺϷأһԼȳ̩˭һ˼ҵĻ
ҰԪȻؽĻͷͲԴ쵽ǹǰȥëԼˣԪүүͲ㰡
˲˵ˣ֪ǲǱԪ˹ȥ
ҪԪүүĻҲ򵥣ֻҪ㷢ħľУôԪһռˡܳϿҵؽ֪ԭΪ϶Ѿﵽ˰徳ֻҪԼġԪ񡯷ģСһҲҪ֮˾ô
ڷƨ
ǾķᣬҲ̣ϷƿСħģϷһĭ쵰
СӲʲôΪһ徳ҲһָϷǺεݣΪ᣿
ħһԼǿԣҪġԪ񡱷£йʱȽϳǰ徳ǿ߶ЧʱŻõ
һЧҵĶҲǿߣ޳أ
ĸĸ˶һгɵЧңǻֱԱˬ죡
㿴˰ɣ
Ԫȫһ˲ǻȻԭͶԼ鲻̫ϣ㲻Сӣ˲㣬ҿ㻹ʵʵشŰɡȱʲôʱо㾾İ취ͳ׽ˡ
޳Ҳұϣɾܿһ徳ǿߣͺܲʵ
̤ʵΪϣ
޳ܿ콫Լʱ˰ٿҺǿһԪ
ڶƺѣѹԪһʵĽԪ޷͡
Ǵ̲סȵ


293 Ԫ
ϷСǧǽ߼ЧһָȻʺģţţ
㵱СǧǽĵһΪʲôԪǣΪǡ𵽵ý
޳Ͳ˽ȱݣֻһֱ벻ͨȱڡһѣһ绮Ժ
ߣһɣͣǲһӡеĽԪеı󲻹Ǵӡӡνɽ󡪡ţ
˵Ȼֹ

һԶȻ޳ڷϥȴǲһңҳѾ˼¡
󣬷·мָּһ
ɲʱԶƳǴȥӻأþò
Ԫɬޱȣ·Ǳס˺һ㣺ôܣ
ԣԣԣ
ڸ˲ŵ֮У޳ڵĽԪȻֲڶÿһϸ΢Ľ䶼𶯡
͵һϬԪԵ³ٵ֮ϡ
һԪңңܵ˽ǵĿƣһᣬǿȻ֪УԪı׼ѴﵽһӰٳˣ
һڶ
һֱ˾űӰǲ֮Żֹͣ
㣬ôģ˾ɲʵ
һֱĥСǧȱָ֮һ䣬Ȼˡ޳ػش
ɵɵصţ˰޳ûм˵˼һ㶣
ǰǺܼ򵥵ɣǽʱô޳ʵ
ܼ򵥡ܼ򵥡ܼ򵥡
ǰַ·ųҷɣεץ
ٽӿһزŶ룬ƾڳνⶼ޷ףղòȻѡط
ǱʲĵӣΪ޷аԽԳƽӣ
ŵӣ¾ʦָ㣬ҲֻɹűԪǿΪǿߣ
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ٺ٣ܴɣϰˡԪ
ߣʲôϷյĹŵǲľţ
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޳ȵһƤʵǰղԽ𵴣˾űӰ֮󣬸оҲ֪ΪΣ
Сǧ󹦷ճ͵ĽԪӦоʮű޳оԼҪ˵ʮűˣٶɹһ
ͬ㵱ĸ㣿ٶȻָǵȸ߸ϡ
֮ǰָ֮£޳ѾջҲ٣Լĥˣлǰ֮ǰĵ㲦
ͳٿҺʼ̻Ӱ
£
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ƻСӣ

죬޳һֱڷڼǿСǧһֱһǧٿҺųɹʮԪ
֮ƣȱһɰ
СǧȻһһıطɹ֮󣬶ʵҲǼ󡣿ӦģҲǷͬСɣ
⻹ʮԪԼͺķһǧҺͨĻֻƲˡ
޳һǽ߳ȥ
ݣ
޳һΣԼɼԲʮ֮ڣХȻէ֣ǿ۱̶ۣ
ݣ
ʮХ·һ˲䣬ʮõľԪ޳ָ࣬һʱýԪ˳ȥԼγһ󷨡
Ӳ˴˹γһâ״ϢһȦȦңңش͸ǽڣֱӷɢ
ĸо
޳ܹ죬һֱԶʮɿ⣬֮۾ϸظ֪
ǺǿıطȻܹô󣡡
޳ľֻҪԸ⣬ʱԽΪȻ뵽ɡʮԪЧ˾ˣǾʮűأ
֮ǰ޳ڽСǧɡɹʮԪܵ˱֮г˿Σ
һԪԽɾͽԪĵĲԪҪǽƣ
ͻȻ˵Ľɱˣϧվǿ
ǰ޳̶˵ܣ˿̾Ȼ˵˳
޳üͷһ壺ǰ˼ҪǿƣҸоԼĽѾһƿͻƲһյ顣
٣Ϸ֪һĽƣֻ


294 ĩƳǵһ
޳˸ۣȻûа׳Եͣѹϼһôġܹϵתעٸǻ
ߣСӣץӵۡ
ȻûнСǧɣ޳ջҲ١ֽ֮ԼƿصķΧٶɣ
ʩչԪǧ䣬ܵΧһٴﵽˡʮɡڶصĽͬ
ڣȥصĻʹõֶΣ޳Ҳаٷְٵİգʱ̲٣
սȵؽ뵽Сɰǰʮǲںϻƣǰʮ֮ӦûвСĲࡣ
޳⣬Ȼһɳ磬
⣬ɳͨԥǷšͻȻæŶ룬˷ܵصֵܣҵˣ
ŵɳͨͿݼСĭĭһɱȴǱǫӣɷǡ
Ŷ
޳ЩϲΪݼҲ֮صľڣ⼸գһĿ꣬ɳͨĩƳĴѰϵĿꡣ
ɷֵ˵ɡɳͨɷһҪģЦ
ɷʶ޳ֲ֮ŵû겻ᣬ˼֮޳
޳Ȼƽϣο˼䣬㲻ٷϡɳͨѰҲ˳뵽Ϊͷߵɷǡ
ɷҲ޳ֿʼѰһõ׼ȷϢƨߵߵ㱨
޴ˣҪҵĵطѾ֣ǸطȴĩƳڵĽء
ĸط
޳δʲôأݼܴбǷǳ֮£ϾŵĶͷϷһָĴ֮ʱ͵á
󣡡
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֮ǰѪħȺŰĩƳǱƻ˲٣ܶطԭȲһҲ޳˺ķ˲ʱ䣬ȻδѰҵ֮ԭڡ
ɷ֪ǰʣȻҲǲĥ˲˼
޳º͵һЦֵˣ
ɷǱһ䣬ͷ˺üǴ칬ŵڶأСɰһʮǿ߰
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ɷǵίһЩʵϣЩǿ߿ɲֹ޹ǳУ
ԣ֪żƷҩĩƳҲ˵̤㣬ѽΪء
Щ֪лѡ
޳Ը˵֪ɵġѪħʵǿ·ǵСɰǰʮ֮ǰмʤ㡣
Ϊݼѣȥԣ
޳̫ġݼ֪ѪħֻгɰϵǿߣĴڡ
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ݣ
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꣬һɫϢǿ½һСɵĳ
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أ
ǫ͵ӻӶһը㽫ʮԪС
ףʲô
޳һǺ֮УԼĽԪȻҧһ㣬ܿɢˡ
ʮԪ۶ɣ޳ظ֪ȫ̡ȻδʩչȫǶԷܹ赭дػԼһУҲǺ˲ֶˡ
٣ʲôƨ޵һЩСֶΰˣСǧɣһбܽɱὣׯһһˣ
أ˵ĳЦҲ֪ὣׯйʲô϶˲м
ܿ죬ӿ£˿ջ֮УСܽ𣬲ֿ֪֪
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⽣ֶΪǣ˶ûȥ
ջϰǰп࣬Ѿ˵޳ὣׯ֮й֮£ɣ


295 
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޳Цţ˳ȥѵ
ֵܿˣͷǰﲻ䲻ʮܴڶأ츳սɷ
Цһ˿ɵ֮ɫԭȲǺŷй޳ϢǸղֽ޳һȴ˼ɵ֮ģ
Сӣսʹ±ѷɫһǲಢ
⻰Сˡ޳һӣ·ԽоΪ˼˵ȥ˿Ҫ˵֪ܣവˡ
Ԫ֮ڣ˺ݺݵط˸ۣ޳򽻵ôã֪޳ʲôԡ
˵Ƥ֮ȫֵܹɬǶ˶Ǿ͵ųԿɡ
⻰˼
һЦʵһǰݷ֣СҲҪֿ֣֪˵ĩƳǵ󣿡
޳һУµضԼĩƳĴѰ鴫ὣׯˡ
ⱾܹԤϵ飬Ͼὣׯڴ˾Ӫʱһ鱨ԴûУǲֵ֡
ǣЦЦܴ󷽵سϵСǰջɷִ֮̽£ҲȤ
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޳ЦЦлѡ
ΣȻ֪ԼĿ꣬Ǿ޷ӱܣҲ޷ӡĻ⽣һΪûжԸԼİգԼѶϢϱὣׯ߲㣬ʱºҵ򿪴֮أ
ãԼ˺ܶƣ⽣ʲôֶΣӦöӦ

ὣׯפء
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ҡҡͷСӵʵܲҲǲ಻󡣡
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뵽޳ʮֵĽԪȻ֮ĥ𣬵һĨ֮ȥļɵ
ҡҡͷԺеͷһĨЦݸ֣ѵ㻹ҵֶôȻеὣׯҪгŭľųˣ
ָ仮ʮ㣡
ʦֿ׼ʲôֶôƽ۾һϣȼڴؿ
λʦ¹ΪǿߣҲ֣
ȻһЦָͷᵯֻСʧ˷ҿɲһ񰡣
ƽ֮УصλʦܣһһйʱСżСá
ƽȻһ
йʱһʢʱħδʱܲֶθǿ
뵤ҩ;ڵܱ⣡
ʹֻһСżֻҪйʱϹǺôǾСˡ
ƽ̲ס¶һ˿֮ɫεúãܿͷȥʦܹϲʦˣ
ʦҲæϲЦЦȴûа¶ȣƴƴһôʦܲķջҲٰɣ
ƽһǿЦʦ⻰ʲô˼ʦЩס


296 թ
ô
֮ɱ³ɭɭֶƽǺãҾʦܡĩƳ⣬ʦ޳֪ʲôƽʦģ
ƽɫৡһ°ˣȻֶ֪βԼܱ⣬ȴû뵽ȻĩƳڣϢԴȴ˿ϣ
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ƽŵûһҲֲסڵعڵأ֪·ȻׯֹͬУǻսΧ
Լý𲻿죬ȫԽԼɱѪħΪ¾ׯгԲ̽ҲԼѩ
ʦ֣ҹϣҲ֪ôʦԭһΣұ֤ԺΨʦհκģ
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297 Ѫħ
޳ûжþĺĵشһƬסüͷһ壡
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298 ˺Ƥ
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299 ݺ
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ݼҧס촽ĩУҪһţһܹ˵ĽѣҪģֻǲΪۣ
Ȼ޳ദӲ࣬Ǳ˴Ϭĩ˵ʱ޳ıУ͸ܵǹɼᶨ
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309 
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310 Щүү
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312 ٴ칬
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£սҪԶԶԷһءʵΪĵطýˣҲǱȫıرǻۡ
Ҫһ䣬λ˾һܹ֮õķ䱦ǡ


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Ȼ󣬵ҫоϡÿһ϶֡׷ص˴θڣȴֻóôһѰȻ˸оˬˡ
أ䱦Ǹʲô۶ӣ⽣˭ûмҲֵôĵ̲סȵ
٣ҿ䱦ǾԼˣԲͬУܹϷҵˡ
Ҿ˵䱦оӦø֪ͬôȥŪ˴
糱ָչ̨ϵ׷һֱ򶨣·û㡣
ﵽеʱͻȻֳ̽չ̨һһĹ䡣
Ĺһ֣·磬ڿգ˶Ǳס˺һֶ˵ֻ֪ɵɵؿչ̨
ɵİչ̨֮ϣһߺǡ
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ҲǼƽϣȻһЦλԽ̺ĽƱԽǿߺǳ֮⣬һ֮
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ǺǣС㣬ҿöˣɡЦЦ
俴һ۰׷ߣεҡҡͷ׷ߺ޺޵һҧҺ

ڴʱһʵֻϯһλɫۣбһֻ޴̳Ӱӣرһ۸
ӣ棬һŨصľζֱҪ˻ǲǸûоѡ
֪ݵˣȴûĸô룬ΪǰС
ϣģ


319 ޳
ϣСɰԴӽҫ֮һֱ⸱Ƶ߱ƭΪ۸ȥսһնɱ
ߣܿƵΧߴʮɣ
һս˶̵ӡ¾ǺҲԸԵ޹ʵص
ߣ壡
ϣıۣ̲סһԷҪ߳һλȻʱԼδؾͻ䣬һ⣬ⲻ

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320 벽ɱ
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޳һ۱еĽźҡҡͷ߳˻᳡ոճôţӰȻЦ


321 һɺã
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Ϊһºӱƽǰָǽ֮
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ӭޱȵ޳ƽ΢ЦСɰһλɺã


322 ٱɽ

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ң޳ֳսҲ˾֮ġǲܻɱ޳պԷɣԼ³ôҡ
ջأ˦ۣ׼ת뿪ڴʱ嶸Ȼһ䱳һʵͷԡ
ԭǼٱôΪǡ


323 һķ
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Уʱ䣬úȥɱĸɣɲҪҳˣ



325 ־
һ侲ҡ
޳ţǰǾӴĽԼ벽ɱ
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326 ɣ
޳ָһʮŵԪٿȻתûĵʧ˫þˣһ˲˲ضǰ
ѭȥǾ߽ǣ
Сӣ롪ͷһһȻͷ֡
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޳һ־Ԫ֮󣬽֮ջأǱ벽ɱһץ
Ϊ˳޿ܵط޳ģ̬Ȼһ֡Ľĸо޳ҲЩססԼս顣
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327 ֮ս
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333 ĶǵĴأ
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أ
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Ϊսгɰǿߣ۶򣬻˭ܹ쵽
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һһ֮ɫע⵽޳ǧɷâԪ˸ʱݺݵһţСݼһؾսһɱ㣡
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һȣǰ׼ؾڹرյһٽ룬޳ؾ
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334 ޼
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޳һ̤ʵʱܵƢϢ
ŨϢ
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ĿһƬɽȣԶһɽ壬ÿһɽԼԼһͥԺ
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йʱһʢʱɵԶֽ󡣡
ҲпҽȻҲܸĵӣһһɽסɽеЧȴԶԶ˴ˡ

޳ͷ֮ǰдţؾ֮˶ᱻԶֿǰǸôߣ
˷˸ۣһԼ޳ȡۡС֮ƫƫȱŭ
ӵǬ׻ԿףֻҪϸĵظֲ֪֪ܲ
޳һöɫԿ׸֣֮գĿܰΣ۾ûз֡
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⣬ǣദ񣬸˻ǵһμ޳ʩչһС𾪵ôղ®ǰķӡ󷨣ʹȫʢʱǰҲҪȫƽ⣬޳أ
СӣȻһ־Ƴһӡ󷨣
˲֪޳ġڤ鲨ƽ·ӡ󷨣ǸղŴؾǰʵ󷨣κδУֻ߹
ôϼһҾ˵СӣϹ۰ɣԪֻЦ
һ·֤޳εõڤ鲨һֹܵԽУԶԸ䳰ȷ
ŹַСǴģʹҽ֮Уûַ׷˶ģһڰУȻı𾪵òᡣ

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335 Ѫħ
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֪֮УӰٶǿ޳ȻûгԣǸоУѾԿгɵǿˣ
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336 
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ϧһλѪħðսսǵͼıʲôսʲôǣ

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337 ɱ
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Ԫ鴫ָһ򶨵޳ǲΪ֮һû˿ɣ˴Ѿã޳֪ԪϺָӡ
˳޳˫رóΪһƬԡһը֣һȻΪʵʵìǰ
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޳ʱԣ߿ŽԪһǳˣ¾ǰ徳ǿҪ뽫߿ŽԪգҲҪķʱ⣬̼֣ǰʱ䣬һбѸ㶨
Ҵ˿̵ĽԪǿӦܹһһ϶̳˰ɣ޳Ŀӣ֮־ԪУ鶯ǿʢ˲١
˿սҪõơںϡֻԪԼ޼޳ܻɱгɰھʮһ
޳ϸһӻµĲƸһգʬзһغɫָһĶݸѪħġ

죬޳һֱڸѰ٣ӵڤ鲨ЩԴǰ裬綹׷߽⡣
ʱջķ᣺
벽ɱļƷʮƷǧƷѰӰ
ƷҩʮƿƷҩʮꣻ
ҺʮţԵܼһǧš
ЩЩܹȷֵıʣµһЩرͼ似սȫ޷ͳ׼ȷļֵ
ףзӦͻȻ޳һ


338 Ǭˮ
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гɰǿߺΧһţʹǳǵǿߣܲԼֱ֣
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޳ע⵽˹ϷһҶдŵĸ֣ÿһֶһȼŵĻ棬Ӿˣ·궼Ҫȼ
⣬ڹŴһ֮һֻţΡ㣬ÿһֻΧƵĹޡ
Щгɰǿ߲֪ΪΣڵǰΧţ˭Ҳûгţôšֻе޳ʱǲŲŤͷףǸСӲ֮ǰؾ֮ô֣ôҲܽˣ
һӵһЩ֣ܲһʧǰ㣬һСӶûɱɣ
ҿпܣ֪ĶһЩλ̣ؾ˶޼ɣȴ벻ҲгԱʱ򡣡
ͬΪгɰǿߣ˴˼żҾϵȻ㲻϶ôǢдΪѷɫһ޹˼ɡ
ЩһУƤֱһϹӣһ޳һΣҲȲ㣡
䣡
һָһƾպըһžףÿռҡΣĽԪγһ޳
ķͷ
޳һЦָһ־ԪһԪ⣬ٵն˹ȥ
ʲôԪСӾȻԪ
ʲôıսԪ
һ˶ûмʶ޳֣⻹ǵһμʹýԪǴһ
أ
һ죬ǵƱն룬ⲻֱֹһؿڶȥ
㣬ĽԪôȳ̶ȣܣܣһȻʧɫгš
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ٸһʱ䣬˴սʦֵǣ˭˿Ķ֣
뵽˴һûǱһˮ޴ĵ뾪˫һƬ죺ȸ󣡡
ȸ󣿶һСӣõ˴ֱô
һɨü۾΢Уɻ
ǶǼʶ֪֮ȸĵӵǿɱһ֮ʮǿߣ涼Ƕ֡
СӣһҪٲܽѹ˴νսеӣҪȫûˣ
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ʱƣԷڻսŹء
Ѧĵ˵ϥϵĺɫת޳ս

ХһɫĵâһǰתȻγһֻߴʮɵĻȸ
ȸֻ۾籦ʯŨĵգѹ޳
޳΢УһǧɷУڽԪһתӵԪ󸡶Ԫǧ֮ƴ
ڴʱ

һ羪װ𣬶ʱһ˺ΧΪ֮һ͡
źһеĵ˳Ĳߴ󣬵һһ̧֮䶼һɻȻɵϣ·ѾΪһ壬һ޿ɶҡĸо


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һӵЩ˼ɣСӶ෬ɱΪ˺ҵϣʯ֣ܲк񱨣
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ˡ
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λ֣ܹѰǬˮӦҲ֪еĺôҿҷ³ޣЯƿˮƣȡ˱˵Σʯת޳
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ŭѷӵȸ֣һҲٳˡ
ݺݵص޳һۣһɢƣСӣʱһ
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䣡䣡䣡
һǿĹԽԪǰֱȥ޳Ҳ⣬һСǧۣһâն˹ȥ

챩͵һһۼȻ֣һɰɢֱӽ˵Ĺɷ顣
֮˶ǲһ޷Ƶصһ󲽣
ٲƿƣλоֻһλ֣ʯŭ˫ּâǡ
һӣ˶ǿҪ΢һԥ˳ֵĹâ
أ
һǿĹվۼȴϴ˹ɡֻŭƵĹâͷųĲڰգˮ㲻ϻε
ʱ˭Ҳκβ˭˫ƽ⡣ڳǿûиһιעֽ޹
СгʵĽͻȻһȡ
һӣ˵߶޳ϣʯϸֳһ˿ȣвԽв֮⣺Ϊ˽Ǭˮ˶㾡ȫ˻˽ģƻƣؽΪҵȹУ
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ۣ
ХһͻȻɢΪ㣬ص֮ϡͬʱŶ¶˿ɹ˲еͨ
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գۼ䣬ղֵȺֻʣ޳һˣ
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޳һȣһ㣬޼ʩչȻ֮ԡ
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𣡺𣡺
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뷴ûʵ꣬ǴԪٺٲмɳһٽȥ
ܿ죬ԪһٲʱѹĴ
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ô
ͷ˾ɵضǰǰһĻ·ӵħһ㣬ؾסǵע
¾һ⣬۾ضǰ޳ûзԹˡ


340 ʮԪ
ˮΪԵʮԪȶȡ
ǰһ޴ĵãһаָڵ֮ǰÿһֶḥ̂ɢŲϢ
Ⲣǽ֮˳Ծ͵дݡ
ʮԪ
ʹǰ徳ǿ߳ķʮʱҲһǧšˮûпʵĻôвŵĽԪ൱һ徳ǿʮŬ

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СһΪλֵ̽ǰ·գһǿ˫죬Ұް㱩һ֮С
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һҽУղ߼ûͣٵشӹб˳ݾ壬𣺡ɱң䣬䣡
ˤڵأںһֱۣд˿־壡
ͻȻһйٶȱãγһװֵƵؿڵˣҪõµĽԪͨǡ
һ֮ڣ䣬ֱӦ˴Сɵ徳ÿС
ͨһĿ飬ܵõӦĽԪͨǰĿ飬ܵõĽɲŶ֪ʸ˴ɶ徫Ӣţһܹ˳ͨأʣµĽԪͳͳߡ
СһǣŬɣ
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ͣ
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ǽˣ
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޳΢΢ͷֳһĨȣһΣ֪ܹջٽԪ


341 עʧܣ
ϲܹСɰΪͨڶĿ飬սֵÿޣ
ٶǬ˵ʹҵʱҲŵӣֵñصǱԣ轱Ԫš;в꣬ʸ߷塣
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ɿÿҪǧҺǿ߶սҲҪǧŲС
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342 ս徳Сɣ
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ˣҲֻǿסӰĹơվǺХ磬ÿһαУɿϵĹâҪһ֡
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䣡
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ɿõע룬ϢҲǣȻ㳯Ů˹ȥȭͷ˶ԷԴ
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ŮӽĴҲûԤĿֻ꣬ٶɿһ
Сү浽ˣ
޳һҺ֣ɱˡ
飬Ůӿɲ飬ɿµļһＫΪߣÿһȭǵ˱Ԫ䣬޲һȭҳ˷ͭ
޳˰ҺŮӵĹǿȷֺ·֪ƣһ㡣
գ޳ҲʧȥĵĵڣŮӵӰٿȻһ١


343 һǧԪ
ǽˡ
ŮͣҲ֮١
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360 ˵츳
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ÿһöӡӴһɱ֮Ϊɡ
޵ǰڣӡĶҲսĸߵͣɱĳɹʣ
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뵽޳ݲͬˡСӡ֣Сʵܹöӡ
ԪҲ˵ˣŵؿ޳һӡĶ٣Կ޵Ǳʡ

޳ӦһΣ֮һɣһܿûһöӡ
һöӡţĵĿռȫռݣٲκα仯޳üͷ
ö
Щʧ˵ϹӡҲö֮ǻС˾Ľĳɳܹһʵ츳Ҳñѷɫ
ǧǶΨһһޣȻ޳ܳԽжٴһص
һöӡ֮ɱС۷ǿߣöϣʹκ似ҲгǿߣݳɾѾˡ
Ԫ鿪ˣ޳һߵӣȵ޳ԪУ֪жư֮ңȴԣһʶ۷ǿߣ
ǿȻ·ѣҲгɹĿܣǿʹӵоɵԴ࣬ҲֻһҪΪһʱ𲽽ϵͣɥʧġ
ȻֹǱ˵ͷһƹѵĻӲ˻ȥҭЩҪѣȥ
˸ǻһ͵޳ģ⣬⣬ʲô
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ԣʲôԣ
յ׺ܿ޳üǺӹͻȻתٶ֮˿һ۶Ѫ
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ܿ죬һлʧ޳ľһȦӡ
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ҵġʦү˹һ䣬һƨȥȫҲ˵һ仰
޳ʩչһ似Ԫǿѹסͷ˷ܡ
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һǧԿ츳ϼһԼʹԪ򣬶ǲˡ
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ߣе츳㻹֪ô֪ǿһתܹöӡ
Ԫ鲻ش𣬱ԹԵؽ͵һöһתսκǿ߶֡㣬Զأ
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361 
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Ѧֻƾϲ񣬾ӭϣԷ⿴ˡֳһⲪ
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ߣ޵СãѾĻֵ͵ߵʶԴȻ㣡
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ȻһЦʶԴëǮϵûУöԷ˵ߵǷǺڰף޷ˡ
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֮ǰǬˮҺ޳ʱֳɱʯաȻû˵ѦϻǷ޳һ顣

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ԣܹƴҲͷһɡ
С㣬ߡ
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363 һն
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߾һԾŨҵİâֱȥն޳ţһʹĳӸߺޣ

ĳâУȥ
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ۣ߾ӦɢʣµĳһѪΪ׵ĳϴɫǲҰ׵üҪʹȥ
ʱһ֧ʮ˵Ķ˴Ϊ֮һá޳֮۾ʱһһãҵСˣ㣬ȥʦ빦


364 ɽ
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似ԭΪ֮ߣѹɱ˷£ԭȥʦֻ֣ܽ͵ظɱˣ
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ڴʱ޳ȥĳϴ˹Դмֻ磬żغ
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ϴѪӳɽ׻ɫ৵һ±˲Ұɫӣǳӣ
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һȷϣ͵һȵľ֮⸡֡ȻҪʤκһˣֵһ֣걬Լ֧顣
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365 ĸĹ
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ʣµὣׯӲʲô飬ʶʩչǿĹ޳ȥʱ˻桢ޡߡ඾Х֮նѬȾһƬŨɫζ˱ǡ
Ĺ޳ݵһ˦ұۣϴȷ˳ȥһԪĵ߰˰ˣûУʴһ̲ࡣ

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ٸҹǾɱʣµĵ޴Ҳ֪Ծˣ˼֮˵Ĳϡ
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޳ֹǰͷһ𣺳Ȼ츳Ϊվֻսʶǿǿʲô̶ȣ
Ը񣬼ȻӦԼضƴȫȥ˷⡭飬䱻һ硱ô
ޱȵ֮ӿ𣺡ܣֹⳡԣǣ
վڴӰ΢΢һ١У޳תӭ鵣ǵȻһЦģⳡʤҪˡ
ǴԲѣұӷЦ˪˪СǱʹ㶼ϣʲôҲӮȡԣӣ¾ǵĲҲϲ˰ɣ
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ƾ˭Կó޳ĲΣǰ²Ѿסӣһдĸо֮ǰ˪˪Ʋضã

ˣ
޳ո̤Ĳ㣬ԴһʶгһԼһȭ˹
һȭҳΧصХԪ֮һֱʵͻɢĸовΪ棡
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޳֪ÿһĿ鶼ԴߵļսӶʩѹǰˣȴû뵽ϵõĲ֮ѹȻóʵ
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ٿȻǰĳ˪˪תͷѾڵĲ߲֮߳Զע⵽޳治ɫ˵һʱüһڸֳһĨ֮ɫ

޳һ֮󣬲δżǰУ˿¶ܵɫ֮ǰڴʱ֮ͣ½ŲΪܵŨҵ־֮
Ĳ֮Ũ֮ʱԽ֮壡
Ϊ˵ĵط츳㣬ֻҪл߲㣬޶ȵ־ӶһͻƵĿԣ˸п
޳ԽԽ˷ܣë׶˻õĺ־֮ӿ룬֮־Ԫʢ˺Хһ
עŹĻ˼ˣǵͣٵӰ˵ЩҪ
⣬ôܣ岽߲죡ڼ
˪˪ѾﾡͷˣӺѾǳƣСӣ
ֻҪ۾ûϹܿ޳ޱȱǸ²ӷ·õߵĺͯζȻаƣ룿
ڰ˲ھŲʮˣͷǳ˪˪ˣ
ʵĸо
޳Ӷһֱۣ־Ԫ޵زָһ˿˿ϸâԪ
Դ־Ԫ޳ԽʹýԪöԵЩ塣ڣ޳оԼʩչԪõӦǰҪǿ̫࣡
޳쿴ȻԪһĿЦЦСүˣ۹ˣСүˣ
޳΢ǰȥÿ֮Ҳһ飬ѹֲסЦ翪


377 ˵
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Ӻʤʮˣõݻпӵͻ򾳵Ŀܣ
ģԼ׳ɣֱӽһȵʢ³֮ΪԣĶ캣У˳Ĳ
Щ޳ĵط̿ϷԼʮɸߴһĿԿϡ
ңһ캣¶ţһ׷Ĳһ˳ؽȢؽ󣡡
ֳ˵ʱǺεȼּԺпԸֳһ׳־ƵĻ档
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κһߣֻҪ㣬ĬϽ־ǿǿߵĳ̶ȣ
гˣ⵹ǲΪǶɹ٣Ѿ˺ǿ־ֻҪȱٵĲּɣ޳ͬ־ǿ
ԣսȻۻޱȣȫ޵гɡ־ȴҪԶԶѷɫгǿߡ
˵гǿҪ־ֻһݵĻ޳ľ͸ߴʮݣٷݣ
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ߣСӿȫΪ˾ǱŮͽܲðգңͷвжΣ
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ҡ
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һ뵽ͽܣԺҪһȺŮԴףоὣ˵ĳ嶯
ѾͷСӣߺߣܣ



378 ֣֮
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ôҲûϵ޳ȻʵԽ㣡
Դ֣û߿߳ôԶοڴУʵһΣ
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ı鶸ȻһյֱһҲ˰գһĨ֮ɫӣ


379 ˪˪ģ
쿴СӣСӣˣһұͻȻϲش
Ǹɵ꣡Ȼ
ڼǰߣģĲӻǳݣӣǳ˪˪øɣ
ѵгյĿԣףͣˣͣ˵߲Ҫʲô
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һֱֱ̣֮ŤתĽŸУǣ˵ģȴ˺

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죡
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һΪԼãƫƫһɷǡ


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˳ɵˣ˰ΣСʵҲ˵ǸСѾͷֻΪ˲ұ𣿲ԣʹˣ㽫˾ҲˣαٸǸСѾͷϻһѣ
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޳һҵĬĬиһ㣺ǲǸóһֿĵʣ


380 ĵ
ڼˣģ˸òлᴳյɣǿɾͳΪ캣ˣ
ǰŮӣһǶţһ˵Ҳĳλ̫ϳյıչصӡ˶пܴﵽ徳۷ţû뵽ǽҼ֮ŵ
糱˾ͽɫ۵һĨ˼ʵļɵɫ¶ҲŴ֪ʵǵжôѡ
䣬ڵ㻹ɵĲǰǴźεȿµ츳
齻Ī棬պ֪ʩչֶΣֻ¡
˾ͽŨصɱ⣬һ̣޳евԣҪ˵ĳұˣ
ˣĴﵽˣߵյ㣡
ʯ棬Ȼ󲨣һ˲䱬ľ쳹Ͽȡ
̫ˣοǳһ˲Ű˾ͽǵǳסһ㻶ϲı鶼ûС
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׶Ϊʧܿ죬Ҳ޳Ĺ֮»Ϊɻҡ
ˣ޳ȵվ˵һ
ȻվϵˣߵյĻ൱ڿһʷڣûܹôߣ
ûôɲð
һҷ̾һĿֱֲ̺ۣӴǲλ쵽°ͣ·ԴһΪ㡣
ָ̺ۣиֳŨصĿ־֮ɫԺвԽػһĻ


381 ԭ㣡
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Ŵյ㣬ܹõ⽱겻֪ʲô
Ȼ˴㣬ҷҲǺ治ѣϡ˽ؿ֮ѣܹ˲սˣοǵ㣿
ļҵţʣ
ǣûе⿪ɻϿ֮ڱǴҽУŨصѪϢ֮Ʈɢ
ҷܹӶٴðбȫȻ˼֮ӦѸ٣òҽٵسƽѾ
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ܿ죬ϿܳһȺߣʱ꣬ҷӶ޷Щϵı顭һ־ľ֣
һ̰Ӱ׷ÿһò죬ٶȿþˣǼ̤׷һߡ
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һ˻ҷͷ­ƮȻ뿪ߺãҷһѪ̷¼ŵҩԶԶܿ
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ҷףǺεȴڣΪܹǰԼСܹŵġԣһֱĵף˭Ҳߣ
ҷĵ΢ǽʱ̣û˶ע⡣û֪УȻһأ
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һ˵߶ȥŹĻǵӰѾߵ˾ͷϧҲڴʱĻһƬʲôҲ塣

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382 
󱲣ϲ㴳أڴԵõһŰ˼
ͻȻһ𣬽һĿӳ޳ǰȻ顣
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ĿǰҪǾһпսȡ񵥱нڶ㣬ǵ㣡Ψˣпܽ򾳣ǵõЩʶ
Ŀ˸ǿҵȻף˴񵥱ԷͬѰҶһҲμӣǻţĿǰʵ죬ȡһֵˣһ죬Ҫո¶ͷǻӲ
׾ͺãֻϧٱߣĻ֮ΪپҵֶΣΪƾһǿսѪɫͫϧص
û˵ָֻʶεϢһ㡣뵽һƬڰ֮Уһδٲĳˢǿҵоŭ
˭һὫ㾾ʹ࣡һ׽֮ˣһĥһ֮·ȴܸı䣡



384 ֣˵Ŀ־壡
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ʵղ˵ˣ߲㽫õһôرһʧڵ߲㣬ܿûܹ
޳ЩΪˣȻӲηѣνȥðգȴɡ
а취ͻȻԪ鿪˵ˣ
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һš֮Էֻһ˿˿뱾𱣳һԡʹ㱾ԣҲִԪ齫һŹ˹
ԴӽӴ⻹Ԫ״δԼ֮࣬޳оЩʡܿ콫֮꣬ŷʵһּɣ㸴ӣֻҪмߵĿˡ
ѰҪ޳ɼΪѣ޳ǱĿƬ̣㽫Ҫգ̯ƣһ˿֣Ϊһöӡ
ϸۿĻԷ֣öӡԵЩŹ֣ɫͬˮһڹʱʧӡ
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һ֮ؾޱ䣡


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ৣৣ
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һ似ַʩչһɷĻ޳ƾ軤âҲ֮ܽӡԽԽǰǺɫҲԽԽܼɱԽԽֲ
йһٵϮ龰ǰ㺣˰ĺХһͷƤ顣Һã˲ϵϤ޳ҲԽԽ죬ɱ֮ܽȻ˳㿪ȥ
֪ȥ˶ã޳оһѷͷ֮ʣܵĺڰǽɢȥ
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޳룬ʶؽһ㣬޼ʩչ屬˺󷽣
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ৣһ޳㣡

˿Ӱͣ޳ָߵգˡơ˼սʶʽԼѣ⽩ɱֲʹйʱļΪˣȻӹһҲ컯һɡ
תһƬĮȻ飬·ֶξֵ޳нȤѣֵû̫ྫȥע
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386 ħǧ
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ղ޳Զõֶμ㳲ɿãǵӰǿǱϾǱһ˿Ի޷ƻ塣
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ʱȼһǣͬһʱ䣬޳оһ˵İϢԼ顣
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޳ǿҵԤУһǿԪԼĻ²ҪԪ֣ƾʶļͱܽ޹
գۼ䣬ήҵ±ûԽԽ貣ľȻɢ˴һĹ
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һߣеӼһĻЩȤҡҡͷֻ֪Ҫ֣һǳѲ˱һնΪ³
Ѿܹһɱ֮˷ܵûģ
Сֵܣ˼У޳ѾɣϢ޳ϡ
޳ƺҲ㯣ԣԽ̽ץز
Сɫ
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397 Գơ
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޳һ޼Ȼģ͵һգ򣡡
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ΣգȵΣգ
ݲὣׯӣвУ˿Ǭˮİ徳顣
ϸۿڿݲԣռ侹Ȼһ΢ŤУǷ绹ǹߣڽӽǸ֮ʱᱻһصų⿪
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˼µŮһڣȴǽ˵۾޳һ̿Ц
ԪҲɵˣͷͽϱŮͶ̥ô
ڨڨЦţҲû뵽겻Ǹ龫ֵСѾͷ⸱ԳơļƣǴĶѧģ
գȻصý֮һҪϼһˣȻԼĹŵӴӣ


398 ū
Ѿҵġūơūɲ㡣ʮɱƽص
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ٺ٣ʦǺ簡ȻһһƵὣׯòͷ֪ǿԼŵӳΪʮɱʦֵĽūθ룿޵ǿ̶Ŀ⣬Ц
޳û뵽ūһ£ҵ飬һΣĵ˹ȥӽŮ࣬ģ㳷ȥ󷨣ҳϿȡ
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޵볯Լķһģ˱ֶÿһ涼Źͷޡã˵аĶ
ὣ죡
޵ָһָ˱ŨĺӿЩۣܿγһߴɵľˣаֱۣÿһֱ϶һԲεͷ
ͨὣׯʷ֮˱ϳ޵Ƚڣţʩչ似ߴż
ʹǵὣׯׯδܳɹ似Ҫߵ츳Ҫ޾Թ֪Ҫɱܼ롣
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벻мȻ޵ţǸǽʮ꣬㿪ʼ򽣸۷ӡľţۻֻ֣ѾԽ徳ˣ
ǣʹΪ㣬Ҳֲ޵ǰţ
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ۿŰ˱۾˱Էɫһأ޵ȴûа㾪ţ¶һĨаЦʳָһüģū


399 
һָ⸡֣εֱüġ

ɫһףԴ˺һʹʲô޷ŴͼռԴ
ǵʹ̫ңȫ֮սʧȥ˶Ŀƣ
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ҲˣһֱΪƳܽʮɱ֧䣬Լýʮɱ޳ס˾裬ȴû뵽Ŀ߾ȻǼ޵
޵̲ס˿ڿˮһΣҪ˰е롣һ뵽ԼлūϷ֪ţ̲ס˷ܵػоպὣׯֵڴ

ڼ޵Ҫ֮ʱһӰȴƿնһɣ࣬һѽ
һĺ£޵δ˴Ϲͷһŭ־Ϳǵ˱۾˺ҹȥ

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ءһǵ˱ֱӶѳ룬ɢڿС
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һȦ״ǿ͵˼ɢʱҲ˺ѳѷ졣
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ɱתɿʮɱޱ飬һ˿ءȻ˫ĿäǷ·ܹɿÿһ
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⽣ʮɱȻӽ˰徳Ϊǵûдﵽİ徳ԣĹ޷ݻɿ
޳ȱľҺֻҪ߶޼Ӷݣټɿʮɱκβ

ʮɱȻûзϣɴس޳ĻֻһˣֻؿߣΪὣׯһʵѡ
ͻȻһֲϢȻϷǵϢ嫣·һɻɵĴ󺣡һ֣ҲյñһƬ졣
ԼԼУһ޴·̤նԽʮɱม֡δȫǵϢǵأͷ
ޣ
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400 
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ڣֻԽʮɱ߳ţţͷһֻ¹ǣŨ⡣
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ݣ
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أ
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ۡεıŭȥպͬһͷľޣߺݺݵһǶײ

һӱ֮ӦϸܵĲʱʱ֣һƬ֯ոһ

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ƣ죡
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ճֻһ٣һ³ȻˣǱɱˡ


401 춯
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ң徳۷ܹ֮ػ壬սУʵ
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޵ֻ񣬺ȻһȲ˼֮ɫӿ
֮ڣСɽĳֱ޳ϣ¾ǹӲ˼µޣȳҵҲΨбһ;
޳Ǻˣ
гʹ˺ŨصĻĻն˳춯ֱۣ

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ǣԼȻһˣ
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춯üͻͻֱұۺݺݵػ䣬һŤĺɫ֮¡ƽһץȴһץ֮³΢Ť֮״ƬƬƳ֣·ռ䶼ܲסѹ
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޳֪ԼʽˣΪԣȴΪԼڵԪίʵ̫٣ԶԶ࿹⡣

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420 
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422 Ӱ
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423 
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424 
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425 ĵ
Уһ޴Ĺƿշ˳춯Դ
޳һʲôˣȥȻȳӰԵ᣿
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춯ϸֳһĨŭ⣬Сû˭Ը˵ǻҲ׵ضԼֱ֣Ǵ֮١
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Ҳ˵ϰԵĶ죬Ůһ֣۾Բɣ춯С̵С̴ĵ
̵Ŀͷ޳һĶͷȷŲԼǰŮȷʵλѡŹֵĳȣ
춯ƺҲ˼ݣֽҳƺûеĵطɣΪҪҳ֣
ߡһ°һʾ޳˵Ļ𣿲֣ĻС̻Ҫ㣡
춯һǰΪϴˣû뵽Ҫ̻޳

سƺ춯΢УƵĹâɱҳˣɱһһˡûסְɣ
ٻЩɵûн˵̫
üͷһ壬򵥵˼άֻǷǷֱ治壬Ҳ÷ȥ˼
ԣǸɴػ˻֣Ҳôֻ֪֣࣬
˲춯ҲŭˣصȻˣҲֻˡ޷ˣе֮պԵӴϵǸ
䣡
һǿҵѣⷢʹ޳Ļ
ҶҪ֪ɷ棿Ȼһŵ
ո£һȹӰӽڳ춯ͣһգ۹޳ϡ
öԷʱֺߵתͷȥҶ࿴
һ
۽ϸ۵֣ǰŮҲˣȻǶٸһδѵĸо
ǰŮӾȫͬˣʣҪ˵ˣΪŮ˵Լ̲ס׽֮С
δ׵ˣǰ᲻Խŵ·Ļͻĳ
ϸԷȽһȻЩйĸо
ֹҲҪΪ飿춯һ˵浺ϰͽ½ڵĶʥŮ֮˽ãȴû뵽Ȼõ˳̶ȣ
ǾȻԸΪһ飡
޳Ҳ״ˣһȵҲˣھϧҲ˳ԭΪżһ𣬴мĻˣȴû뵽ֳ
ңһ۱㿴ŮΪȻҲﵽ˰벽֮ϴʱ˵ΪսжգǽٶȿɾͿЩֲˡ
ϧ嵭һЦ֪ɷҶһ棿
춯ıԴǰŮع˶壬һĳת
յĶһˡַ𡱣ڵĵλǰŮ
Բȵвȴ޷ϧġ顱ΪŮڵλüߣǴȥԼ飬ֻ»һȻ󲨣
˼춯ɨ޳Ȼ뵽˶Էǿֲս޵ݣһݣ
ܱǸˡ޷ӦǲΪ˸кĿպȫ壿Ҫ󣬻ֹҲᣡ
ϧ˵飬ȻϤܾ


426 Ӵĺ󹬾
ϧû뵽춯ؾ˸ɴ࣬΢΢һ˵ͷǺá
ûж˵Ļֳһɫ
ٶó춯ͷһǹ˼ϧսǶԷ⸱ƣǲ֮֡
Լ԰徳ΪȻһǣս֮޷֣һԼ˶Էأ
ߣüһȻ㲻ס֣ҾֻܴˣҲ𣬽Ԫע֮£һӰڰա
춯۽ǺݺݵһǰŮκһ˶һ鷳Ҳ˵Ҳ˲
λ浺ĴޱȣŵӣǼܵĳ谮ϼһʹȫ֮Ϊ˸СѾͷİĳꡣ
ǽ֪ԼȻıͽҪһѻյɣ
ףսǲս
գһɺ⸡֣޳ɨȥΣ뽫ɱ
ϧ˵ĳ֣Ӽᶨľģ޳ټϽֳ
պҳ鷳ǽޱȵͷۣպգһ˰ˣ
䣡
춯һӿؽҧɭɭ³Ǿ͵ˣ
ţ
ڴʱһ

춯ͻأֵֹѾЩľһһӹǰһֽʲôˣ
ݣݣ
һˣһͬһŮӣȵϧţƫ߹󣬼ʹŲ£ȥҲȻŮʣȻѹУ˲Խǰоڡ
һ꣬ʯӲһһǿСңԼԼܿռ΢ŤС
Ȼһ徳ǿߣ
ﵽòҲҪСɣһˣ춯ǿѹסеŭ䲻̫֡
ݣ˾ѷɫϧˣΪۡ
ȻȻû䣬ܿƵҲǵʵǽ˲С

ۺܸɴصͷϣʾ޳оɣһæҲòи㡣
Ԫ֮иҲ˵Դϧ֣ʹڰ״̬۵ĳʧȥ˷Ԫ
ҲһͣԼûˣ浺壬ϷĶʵȫΪľȻǱ޳
ȴҪ˵ˣ¾룬Ҳδ֮¡ǣ㲻˼֮£ȴеطǰ
ԣ
춯ҧŸôҲ벻ͨȻ޵ݺ󣬿Ҳǰάɣ
οά޳ľȻЩ飬һܴ
ֶֺ֮£춯Ҫʧȥǡɨĺ֮˿ãұλһӣҿԲ֣
ÿһСػߡרŸ𱣻ҵϵ˳ɳԣĺĽɫ
һػʵҲǰ徳Сɣڳ˶İ벽徳ǿߣػߣԼʹǿ֣Ҳֵ˺ô
ԣ춯˸˳ˮ飡
ƽݺݵɨһ޳СҷŹ㣬һɲûôõˡ
޺޵һ˦֣кϽʮɱǱسԶȥ
ߣ
һŽʮɱȥû׷ɱͨղһսʵϤҪ˶ñܳΪİ徳ǿߣ
ʱϽʮɱҪ뽫֮ɱǷּ°ˡ
ιһȻأ֪ȥϢֽ˺ܳܳһʱŶȻһĻãıعӵ޳ĸ첲Ҷ·ҪϿһ仨
ֳϧֽ֣㣬㲻һֱһ𣿿ѽ
ϧշɺ죬ɬ񾲵ӣȵ˵޲ҸضȥǺòټ޳ʵ᲻ȥ
ԥһ£Ŀһ޳΢΢ţô
λŮӣ޳ԺвȻżһĻ΢΢һ
ߣЦһ϶û¡ĵص
ȿȣ޳æ˹ȥصһжãҺֹԮ֣лˣ
ȻӵнսսҲû³춯ϧһ壬ȴǲòм
ؿ
ϧָ򶨣¶Ĵ̬ϴҪ֣ҿɾҪԸˣһֱҪ𣬿ϧҲ·˵Լսա
ǸȻؿһ޳ûнǸ³޷ǳ޳ѶʱԼĺȥһʹ
޳ö˶˵ģͷһ
޳֪ϧܴһϷ򣬲ӵ˽ʱյĵλʵбضźܶԼ֪Ĺ¡
ﲢɵĺõطûмѯʡ
ʱ˹ϧЦϧãɵһ飬֪ô


427 
ϧϺòȥ糺죬ڵһ¸ֳ֪½ǡ
״һЦԼȻЩĶλСˣæԲмҪλ
Ǻãġϧϸ
ҽϧãǲ̫ˣۼ
ϧҲǴҳڸգֻ޳ǰ¶СŮ̬ˡô˵һЦæ
קߣ޳
֪ƤҪһЦЦУڼֲȥ˾챧Թһ䡰ʲôϡġȻ˿ȥ
Ѿͷƺô򽻵ʵǳôӶСҲЩͬѰЩ
ԪŹһ֣˺ôסЦȻڲͬˣСӿצŮ壬һء

˷˸ۣһšͼۣ֪ƢԡҪ޳Ⱦٶֻ½һ棬۵һٶǽצӸ
ҡһԪ鲻мص
Թ֮£޳ҲЩԲˣεһЦƽȴʩԮ֣ĳʵڲ֪ӦαǺá
Ŷƽ𣿡
һӱŭ뵽ǸԷѦԼЩΪ⣬Ĳѵļһ뵽ԼĶ෬ȴܲ˵ȥ
־ɺӿͷۿ޳滹װɵߵһЦǺһƽһʡ
޳ЩǺţæҲ̫˼
ô˵ϴչԼȡҺһۣ޳ʱЩ
𣿡
ۺ޳ȵӣƵرʵǡԹ͡޹Ҳһûӡ˰ɣ
޳һͣʱ£֮ʣ׳仰Ϊû뵽񻹼ǵá
仰뵽ǴޱȵĽӴԽؿؿڡ
ߣ
۱ɨ̲סŭ֮ɫ㿴ûУ
޳æջĿ⣬ЦŬ䣬˵ʲôһҲס
Ǻã㲻ҿظ㽲
Ͳµ޳ϣѾ׼أԲų츳ǰصģΨдпԽս벽սţ޼޳
ºҲѰܣҲҲ֮ˡʣߣǺһ޴ˡ
޳ĬȻ֪ԷѾ϶ԼݣѾܡ
Ǹ·֮ܳˣҵǲὫϵдĩƳǶðߴԣԭռὣׯӾȻһ𣬴˺һ·Сɰ񣬽٣
Ϊؼǣĵʩչɱֲֲһ޶
޳ֻʣ¿Цˣû뵽ۻỨ˿ĵԼٻ٣Լ뵽пܱ¶û뵽ᱩ¶ôԡ
㵽Ҫʲô޳ĸεʵִŵŮоԼ˹´˶Էʵû̫õİ취ˡ
ô˵ǳˣ۵һӱ˷
ҳϣΣ޳ģɵص
ҼСҪȥ죡û˵ĺѾȿˡʵڿ޳ԼСǰЦӣСһί
֮𣬾ȻԸֹ춯Լ޳ûΪԼ˧þ춯أŮֻҪһͻźԼ
Ψһܹ͵ɾǣҪԼ
ǸƺûбְСɡ޳ϵؾܾЦƽ˵飬Լʲôʸȥ֣
Ҳû뵽ܾ˸ɴ࣬һѵһξ֮޷֣
۹ڿЦɣ֮粻ˡ
޳ðһ˵֪ûǲ֣ǳ춯˵ң
˵ʵںޱȴ̶ŭ˲ȻΪһߣС㣬ҿ˲Ҳգ
üͷ壺ң㲻Ҫ˵
ת޳̸飬Ǿ̸̸װɣҸ㿪һضܾ
޳΢΢һɫԸɻ׼Ǽǵǿ۾ȻҪԼ֪װ죡
ԣѣ״Ӧǿ۵ȴаٷְٵİԼ׿ʲô


428 Һ
У
һķԼĳһɫҺ壬ϵȵعתʮɶᵽµ
䣡
û޳ϸֱ棬۰򴦱㴫һ춯ٱ۽Դֱ̽Һ塣
һֱغԵҼʱ֣ᷭƣǿҵ㽫СǵסǺƣ˺Цؿ޳
ǡ
޳òװסСǣ۾΢У͸һ˿ȻҺ
СΪֲܹ¶εıﲢǺܶ࣬ɾҺ

۵ͷݵҺҺղƳɹҲͽһݡٲֲ֮˳Ϊ벽徳ǿߣ
޳ģ֪Һ̺ǿ֪Բ顣
Ȼһ֣޳۾һҺòΪСƵİɣ
ݵҺƾɣʹҴҵҲˣıΨֲſõϣ޳֪ƺûֲ֪
µĲҺΪơ
޳µҲϣˬسϵڵõ֮þ䱦ҩƳɹҺȴû뵽;˲ӣӱᡣ
һ£޳ˣΪεۻ½򣬽ż֮УٵĹ
һٲ£ҪҰ飬ӦҪõСǰɣ
۽һӿһƬ֮ɫȻû뵽Ҳ޳µˡЦȻ㶼뵽ˣҲˡϵһڻսһݴУҷǳҪϧҪ뽫֮õ֣봳һǳѵġ١
ؿ¾ǰ徳ǿ߶ЩΪѣӵƣİԴҵõеĿԡ
޳üͷ壬оó۲û˵ѣȻЩû˵ĵطҲпԭ
Ͼ˫ཻܹ˵̶ȣѾʵˡϸ˼һһס
ߣԼ̫Ҫ
ػߡҡͷˣ˶ӦýС㵱ŮһȥݣĻΨǴӣǰأ
һŭȼһ̤ǰۻѹѹ޳ΪǾû취ôǿЦٸҵұ㽫ѹ٣Σ
ӦƣСԴ߸߰𣬷ˡ˻˻ŭ
޳ûۿһۣƤ΢̧赭дص㲻ԡ
ĮȻ·֪ǰð徳ǿߡ
㣡ҳŭˣȻޱȣԼһצ衣
ң񣡡
һֹ߳ľٶ֪ΪΣƽ޳ʶЩ·һͻشĻԼػߣ
ԤЩĪȴ޶˾ʵޱȣȻã֮ǰ޳˵춯δ˵ǿ
˼һתۺȻָһǷҺ㳯޳ȥ֮ǰðˣҺҴҲãӦϸóǷӦæˡ
޳ʶؽ֮ץסСͲòУһŴھͽȥһӴ޳۰
һĻ޳һֻεҡҡͷðɣҿԴӦ㡣봳Ǻǰʮ֮УҪһӣˡ
͡һЦģǰʮΪҺӵֲ֮㹻Ⱦָǵôǳ룡㣬ǰʮ֮жţΪʶ徳ٿƥͬǿߣ㣿䣡
޳֮ƽϣֻǽۡ
æصĴоڻ칬뺣սλͬһ಻Ӱ졣
Ȼá޳ЦЦƣɽ
ž
˸ջƣײһ꣬Щԥصм飬Ҫ
޳΢
⺣ŵǻɱһͷѪħǺɱƾϹء
ֳһ˿֮ɫҪ뺣ǰʮս徳Сǿߣһ̲ýκ
޳üͷһ壬֮ǰҲмʱû̫⣬⺣ǰʮȷʵ׽
ĿǰǿսҲܻɱ벽徳ǿߣİ徳Сɻһξ롣ƾ轣ս壬ܹǵǿһϸ£ƫƫֲöһƣ
λսһʱ䣬С̥ǲûٽһĿܡ
ͻȻ¾һõĻǰ


429 ӺС
Ҿ֪ǰѧˣෲףǰָ̡޳Ȼ
˷˸ۣ֣Ҳ͸˵ôΪ֡ǰʽǹһ˿ѣҪ뽫֮ǿͨԶԶ
˵޳һ
š
˵浺̱֮أҪеõʹܸ㹻ĺôҲǧѣ˳õֵĿ΢΢Ϸãǿ԰ȥһ
ҺãѾͷϵǳϵǿԵõһЩת
޳ף˿еġӡ浺ϣǵõ׿ϣ⽻Ȼްѡ
˫ȶҲûıҪˡǺλսȷǵõĴУǰ껳ǡ
ԣûе飬̡
СʦܣǼһص˵Щʲôشս޳ѹʵ
޳ЦЦ۽ģɿǷݴо򵥣ֻǣ浽εܡ
Ƕ֮ˣȻóȥˡ
˭ϡαһ壬תͷȥ
ã鷳á
ϣתһС˽
һ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾ػصɨ޳ü飬ϲЦҾ֪һǻͷ϶ᱻɱģƫƫֽ㲻ţΪ㲻֪п˶ٻء
ϧò׹仰˵öʱɺƣյһۡ
޳ͷһϧߵݣΣ
ż֮УԼֻ·ƽˣκ֪֮Լͬѡ
ȴû뵽һԮ֮Ȼϧǹ
һԵŭһִδйĹŹӿͷͬΪŮӣʹԸ֣Ҳóϧ޳Ǽ򵥵ĸж
ˣôϷ򣿡޳֪ϧƤæתƻ⡣
ϧָ򶨣ȻһЦ˵Щˡ
ǰ껳·̲һȻΪͣҲҪʮʱ⡣޳Ҳżϧ˵
һ˽֮£ò֮̾棺
ϧֹ֮㡱ʵǶ½Զ塣ǶϵѪǳϵСӡ
Ҳһ֮ΪﵽǷűĶ壬ܾ衣
ֹҲĸ֮һŭ֮Զ˼壬½֮һִˡСֳǡ
⣬һϣֹĽ֡ƫƫү˸Цż֮󣬶ŮϧȻ⼤ѪΪġѪ
ѪҪ˵ֹˣʹڶڣǧҲԵü˶ΪѪǴ˵š
ֹ֪ѪʹϧϲպĳɾҲǷͬСɡǣԼļʶΪ޷õָʺϵķɾǻع壡
ǣ뵽Сܵ裬ԼڲڵʵԥǷҪŮǵȻ֮С
գ˼ּŮΪ޳ġֹ¶˾ģ
ϧһع飬峤ϻܵǰδеӣΪʥŮõ֮ԴӦ
ֹ㡰Ů󡱣ܵ˼ص࣬ҲɵΪˡ
᲻øҷֿһͬϷ򣬽;浺ϡ
ϧ죬뵽λǾĲġʪСμͱι˺ĴϣһĨЦ⻹̲סΪϵ츳ڣΪʺ浺شĹԱΪ˹ŵӡ
ߣҪͷӲС̲ŲϡءʲôشҪ죬ǰص
޳ҡҡͷ˷Ѿδܹõǽֱߵðײˣ¶˷ѡ
֪ûʦ˵һŹΪ
Դһ˼ǲǸֻ°벿רǿù
ù
޳סˣþżô˲
СӣҪҿԸѽ
ȼ޳ɵı飬Щ죺ǹҪĺľ֮⣬һĺһԹͨٶǿҪϾǡ
СͰ͵ģһſھͺͣ٣Ȼ°벿ֹޱ˵޳֪
⣬⡪˺һͷţ۾ɵòҪ
ǧѣ΢΢Ԫص
ߣ浺֮թСѾͷڴ󷽵˵ھûҪķôȫԶ㣬㿴Űɣ͸ʨӴ󿪿ڣСӺúѹһˡ
˵Ļû˵꣬ȾһĶͷѽˣһǸˣ˵
ָһüģֱһµķ˹ȥ
ιСӣ浺ĹвȤͷ䱦ĹŶ˵㣬ɽҪѧҽѽ
һ棺
ɽ
浺شų۷壬ѧĹ͹ǿߵĲطӲʾһġͷͱ׷ɱҹıȻ;;͡ôɵؿԵˣ
ӺС


430 ϵӡ
޳ҲǰһԵϧ˻󡪡
ԭȻѣȤռױȵ顣
ӵõôһͽ֮ȫǺ»ˤţ׳졣λг浺úݡ
ѰҪõһźʵĹҪŬʹܹ׵ȡ
ǣ浺زصĹȫˣ԰˿ʱˡ
Ⱥ̶̼¹㽫浺صĸ߼˸߰˰ˡһ㣬¾浺೤ϼﶼȲϡ
Դˣ޳ֻοЦˣ
˱˻Ҫ˰ԼΪһȫСǧ֪˶˼븺˹Ķ˺һõ֡Ƕȶԣ߼ֿɵã
ϰ벿ֹ
޳ȱʧһ빦֪Ȼȴ󷽲رԼɲ̹Ȼ֮
šɽٽ輸޳ҲǲҽܡĻһȥֻ浺ǵþӢ׷ɱԼɡ
ңŹϵҲȷʵʺ֮á
սΣǱȻһΪսˣҲԸ޶鷳ԣһҹĻ٣˱ͣ˽Ų޳ץʱµõķš
°벿Ҫ繹һⷨӦԼĸӦģȡ磬ǿ
޳Ĭ֮ǰʱԽڵĻǹķʱûκξãȫҪƾһ˿ӦȻġѶɴ
޳ʮָɵصÿһξһ˿İٵεİ̳£ռȫ
֪ϸ֪
У
תϸۿĻԷ޳ƤһˮƵĹâԼһööӡ֡
ţҵˣ
޳ϸֳһ˿˷֮ɫڴȻǾ΢ɲɳˣҪһҲҪչؾ֮á
ʹǰ޳Ҳ֮ɣȫҪ鹦ǡ
޳Ѿﵽһת޵۷ֻ֮һԵпͻƣΪתޣӵж徳ǿߵʵ
ĺһ
ȣ޳ͷȻһĻɫ硣Σ˴˽·ڴ˿̱һ
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ƬƬĿռӿ뵽˷֮У޳ڵĻ˸һϵ֮䡣
ݣݣ
޳в¶һĨϲ֮ɫ̶Ƭʱ䣬ְȻ˳ǣﵽԭȵʮһɣ
þ˵Ĺʹİ徳ǿߣҲֲٶȡ
𾪣Źļֵ̫ˣ
ż֮Ϊǣ浽ս֮Ϊ󡣲ֵȼĹʹ޳Ҳˣ硰á
֮ʣ޳Ƕᵽһ磬΢΢һָƽΪ˵ݣϧ
ȻӴʱ䲻࣬޳֪ڸյŮẦԼ
޹ӣӦǻϵǡϧмʺϻϵߵС⣬ϣܹһ֮
һɢɫԲܿû޳塣£ϧգɿ˳ȥ
ţ
޳֣ܿԲո壬Լлϵ׺Ͷȿʼӣ
ԭȽǿȻܹܺõؿƻϵԪأٶԶˣվĤһ㡣
ڣĤȫʧ
ָоԭþ޴ľҨˮڣѾһͷ޾һͷ裡
һβһܽޱˮˣ
⣬⵽ʲô
޳𾪲ѣδĻϵԪȻʼٵĻϵԪسӰע
֮УɫԪǡܿ죬鿪ʼˣϵԪ֮ǣ㼱תȻûӣࡣ
ϵԴ壬ȡԣ𣬲ǽֻȣǡı䣡
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룬һǿ׼ͷŴУһӡ˹ȥıһľ̿ǽΣ
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һ޳ذ£һȻ߸Ʒɣݺݵ˦˳ȥ


433 ħʹ
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ͨȵĵǣд󶨣ر޳

ͻȻȳȵϸֳһ˿Ц⣬СһЦֻ浺֮˲Żܵѯ԰ɣôСӿɲ˰
ͨȻһ粻ɫУɵصСӿѡġħʹⲻ˰ɣ
ħʹ֣Сƽƽصûа㺷Ȼ֮ȴͨٿȻɫ


434 Ƽ
ħߣܣôħߣ
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⻰һҲЩɫ䡣
ÿһħ߶ǰ벽徳н֮һָѾʶ徳ĴħʹҲǰ徳гɵΪ
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޳һߵݣóȻħӣһȥħʹĳݣ֪ٺεȵѡ
һòϣʱȶСӶᱻ˳Ц
ÿһħʹǰ徳гϵΪǵĵλѰ֮ҪߣһʹĴ󶥼Ǹ߰ĳ廹ĪĽ󣬶ӭӣʲôʸ磿
ȱ𼱣һԸˣպ浺Ĵħʹǵøһɫ
۷׷֮УһߴİӰȺ֮ΧžӣһɫۣһƬǳ
ʦ֣СǲҪֽɱһӽ

ӰɨһۣҡͷСԸػߣǳûбʤգҴ˿̳֣СӸոձ˵ħʹݣǽɱ浺ʹΪҲڿսòʧ
ӷ׷׳ǣʦӢ񵥵ĳš

ߣ󣬵սҲܻϷ÷ˮǽʼϲ
ӡ䣬һĨŭ֮ɫ֣ʦһʴȣһȴʩƣ𱨣͵ʦܵ٣ﲻ⣡
ȻѦĻ۵õϢѱ֤ʵڵһ·׷ɱȻĿ޳
ӱᣬҲľ޴ޣҪر޳ϣ
ǷģҸһŰ벽ɱҩȴκβСëǲУֻнս֮Ѱ
֮޳ȻǳԳʹ
ƣͻȻ۾һһ̤ĻӰӰʵʵɱ⣬ֱ޳
Уշ·Ҳܲסѹ֮εݣԼɼһռѷ졪
徳ǿߣ


435 ҪսǱս
ӣҵܾˣ
Ӱһվһҵɱֱ޳ɱ⣬һ֧ɵĺȵü
һϮָۣŤ壬ַ
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Ҳ۶ԷֲĲＶѪ岻Ϊ벽徳Ŀֲ츳ͲԼ󼰡
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ַҧгݣɷս֮࣬ʩƣҵ飡ȼоôʥŮ룿
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ⲻмʶ֮顱֮һ𣬿޳бӿ˻֮⣡
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˵ˣڵôģѵַţµ˶ô
ַɨһۣһ˿֮ɫߣǴǱҵˣο;ᱦݺңñˣ˳ǲַкĿڶ򣡡
ϧüͷһ֪Щ鷳ˣȻַѾ˵ϣ¾ԼҲûȥֹ
ԼӲҪֹǵãڸǻܶ飡
ַһԣܵˣԭΪ꣡
굹ȷʵЩΣܹΪƵð徳ǿˣĻѾΪˡ
۷׷ףս֮Դڴ°빦¾ǳ춯ԭҲһϿڣڿޡ
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Լս̨ϼһΪޣʱͻᱻԶ
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һЦҲϷ򶥼ţΪຣ԰徳ΪԼսַԵݰ
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һġ
۵ĵͷʾ֮£ػ߳ϺһַٷϻҪսս
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ͻȻһЦ𣺡۶֮£°ɣҪˣ
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ˣۣҶǽŲһ٣ֳ֮ɫУϴʧ٣ҵϵѲա
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һԾΪ徳ǿߣջ󲻿ν󣬷κϿ¶޷׾ܾ
ôӦû۰ɣѩЦؿ޳κһһתޣ޷ܾ
ƨ
ԪͻȻЦֻа׳ղŻͨӡĴⱲҲǶת޵
޳ͷһʶ;ѩĴǲ⣬ܿǻԼᵤԲӺԼ
ˣȻֶȥ
Դӳ޳Ҳ֪˶ĥֵ¸ɵɱѩֵܵ
ɫৡһף;֮ɫоԼһֻҰǰСãǰ
޳𼱣ѾͷӦòǶ⣡̫֣ӦԪ鼰ʱ
ţ
޳ɱһЩʵô£
ӸղѩĵķӦ޳Ҳ֪ԼЩ̫ˣӾһıӦеģ
޽֮ʱвأ֮нһĿԡǣĳЩ֪츳ͻޣתӡ
Ԫ͵һǻγɡϡպҪͻתޣֻٶѰҵתӡĻ޿ٽ
޳ȻͬʱɻȻ⣺Ϊλ˵Ƕ⣿
Ԫûش𣬸ܻغΪڶҪͻƶתһ׵𣿡
޳͵һѩתӡ˼ˣΪԴƶԶԣҪǳѡ
ǧ￴Լһ޸޵׵СӣܹΪһתѾոˡڸһĶתޣⱲҲûпܣ
ԣѩöӡһδԵһûϣʶתĻԵ
νġϡһûϣһޣ⻹Ҫô
ȿȡ
޳Ե֮󣬲ڨڨЦˣЩزˣѩĹֱʹȻ˵ãǽĳ޷ܾ
仰˵꣬ûеõԷĻӦòȻ̧ͷ֮ȴǷѩ촽һԺڰ׷Ĵ۾˿һƬȻ
Ȼڿޣ
ѩĹû°ɣ޳оЩɶͷԡ
쵰
ѩСܾ谮һ㱻ǧǻţʲôʱ˵Ҹɫ
ƫƫ޳֮Ҫõֵĵҩߣźòѹŭ𣬱ų˴ͷףȴԵ޹ʵŻһͨ
ίȵί
ء޳ʻãһ֮£ѩίͳͳӿ˳ۡһͿ˳
޳ʱźߣǵһƾ˭Ҳû뵽һ˸߹󡢽ӡΨ˾ѩģȻô˳
ң޵˾춯ԣֻԼǷ̫Ĵһ㡣
⣬⵽ӵ鰡


442 ս
ȿȣѩĹлԺú˵ǧ
޳ͷݱҹĻ٣һ绨ŮԼͥԺа˭˶Լһޡ
ҵ̫鵤Ҽ㣬ҲԹ
ѩĳؿڵãҺö˶˵һöתӡ㽻ĶˣҪ˼ң
޳ͨ죬ϡͿر˽ȥڲҪ˵Լ;Լʵ̫Ƕˡ
޵һԴǣ޳û˵˸׳죬ѩĲΪ𲻴Ӧ
Ӧʲô޳ʱ˹뵽ղԼϡͿؾ˳ŵþ
ѩһƺҪ޳
޳ε̾˿ѩĹ㵽Ҫʲôܵװ׵˵ɣӣһҪҽȥ̫鵤³ҼʹӦҲ
ޣ˭ϡԹĵҩ඼ˣҶҪ
ѩıΪЦһʲôҲֻ֪йءӦĻпվѪһˣʱ֪ˡ
޳΢΢üѩֻһͲڱӦǧֻʲô飬һöת޶ɣҪ붯Լ
òһ֣ԼƭȥѪȻƳΪεҩİŮȥɣ
޳ӦϹȻģСˣȻ㴫Ǿ;ʲôı
޳ţҪ鷳ֻ´˿Ѿ˻սĥĥʲô塣
޳ҲǧݵλҪԼֻҪһ仰ѵǿԸЧͣαضϲ̨С
ǺãҴӦ㣡
޳ŵѩĲ˿޳һۣ֪ҪȥսǵСĵ㱣סҪָ̣ʧȥĳΪ޵ĻᣬĲ㣡
޳εӣǹԼȫĻΪʲôþôŤ
һ仰ѩܰɫƣٵʧöתӡҲ
ʲô飬ҪǧﶯôĴۣ
޳ذеӡ˼Σĥ͸⣬Բٶ룬ת߽˷䡣
Ԫ飬ŶתӡӦôʹã
תӡȥȻĸоõɣĳʵ壬еĳ񣬵ǹâҪŨ
޳̽עУӡ˲ע룬öӡҲûһ㣬ʼ
תӡôĶ࣬ΪֱӵһôǹĦͨĹĦǰܵת֮İӶͻƵķΪƿڡԪ̵
޳ŶתӡԪĻתӡǹؾȻ޷ôȥ
ǣȴԸָһһǰĵ·
ܶʱһ߿ĳ磬ǱѾھɾ֪ǰ·Ӧôߡ
һ˸㲦ܲƼգΪͻơڣöתӡָƵЧ
ңպֻҪƾΪת֮󣬱ܽöӡӰպĽԴʡĻʱ䡣
Ȼһôת֮ʱԼʵǿȻӡԽ࣬սԽǿ
ÿһöӡᣬҪķѴʱ뾫޳֮Ҫﵽһת۷֮Ҳ֪ҪѶõʱ䣡
ҪСöתӡ
Ԫֵޱѵãﵽת֮ĸҪ֮٣ÿһöӡ޵ʵήһأһöӡʹԪ֮ڶǼֵˡ
޳΢΢ףǧΪⳡףʵ˲СĴ۰Ӻ浽ҪԼʲô飬Ȼֵˡ
תӡתʲôأ޳˸֮УĦöӡ
İʱ⣬޳һֱδһߵȴźսĿһ߰ڷڲӡ
תӡƺڲռְϢռ䡭ɡ
ͻȻͷһСǣ
𣡡
޳ֱһٶʱڶϣһ׳˰գ飬Դǵô˹
Ǻǣһ
޳ĴԴע֮󣬲һ׼徳
ԴӵõǵݵҺ֮СǾһֱ˳˯֮Уڸղţ޳֪ѣж
һһϲСǵΪȻ׼徳ֽίʵޱȣһξ޴ķԾ
޹ӣս򿪣ǽձڰɣ洫۵
޳üһϵس˳ȥǰ·ܹսӰӣ
ѪħǱ챦أصǿ߶ڴ˾Էˣ䣬ǡ
һ죡


443 ۵Ŀĵأ
칬¡
շ֣߶ڴˣ׿ǰãԼս̨ϸֳһţ
ʼˣԽսˣ
Ⱥʼսħٱ֮ʱħ塢Ѫħħ߹վս֮
ʮ㣬ڣ
Ȼ칬дһĮȻ֮ǰ޳Ĺһ޶ȴҪ䵭˲١
ʮ򣡿ʲôЦÿ첻Ϳô
˶̲סʹǴɰˣҲ˭õóĿĻ㡣
ѹ֣һű࣬һбڤ˵սĹϸһЩҲ
սĿŲޣκ˶ڣ±Ƕ֮Ҳ޷ƩɳĭĭŮˡ
ʧйʱǿʢһʱɵĴУԼѰӰıʵ˲֮ˡ
УԾ붫ıڤ֮˵࣡
Ϸ޽ٲܵõԵͻؽ䣡һƣ̸ߺ˺ģҧȵ˭л㣬ԸҺһ㻻ȡҺ
һʱȼȫĿ˰һȶĶһ۸ѾԶԶس룬ֻзӲŻ
ܿǾ֪ͷ裬Զ
ڽսҪͻȻߣܶϵĻĿò˽нɮ٣۸ɿ
߶һ㹻֮󣬼۸Ѿһ壡
а벽ɱһѾޱƽɱΣȡʮ㣡
߼һӲȱİ˼似һᣡֻҪ㣡
ĳĿɿڴļóϱʱ۾ͨһƬ
껳нֹһֳֻǶһţ֮١
Ǻǣ̨
޳ЦеסһߣһĲڼеĻ֮ʧ٣֮һƬȡ
㽻ԽҺ鵤һ䱦ڣ֤ۣͯ۸
޳һģŮЦصСǺòѽ
ҲǺЦҡͷĵ̣ȻǿЩ棬ŷȥּۻۡ
ССվϲ̨棡ػ͵֮ǰȻ޳ͷֻΪ۵Уʵ޳һۡ
ܿͳЦˣԽԽԾ֮У޳Ľʮˣûֹͣƣ
Ѿȥһٶ˰ɣ۳ԾصȻԴ칬лôһ㲻ǱҪ߻ǲ滨̫ྫ
Ͼܹ껳ǵ߶Ƕڣ׷ΪͻƣǲƸۡ
Բ˼ʹ֪ͼ˿Ҳóжļнˣ˭޳һ㣿ֱһרҵļ
һһһ
޳æȻ죬䲻һӰڿϰԵص㽻ףۼ۵ֻҪһȫİ˼ͿԽʮ򣡺սŻ򿪾ڽ񳯣ȥһռһȻ
ȻͷֺֺЦʵ޷Լս̨ϰȻħķϵ
̲סʵ㽻׳ȥ˶ٻ㣿
Ǻǣ಻ࡣ޳Цеӻ͵˼̵ĺ꣬˼ָٶˡ
ٶ򣡣
΢һ̲סһݸղǷĶһ۸һһǧҺĲƸ¾Ҳֵճɣ
⻹ֻǱعƣҪ˵޳ղųû٣ֵһЩĹ似ЩƽǿҺԻȡı
ôĻ㣿̲סʵ
޳ЦЦȺնɱ˳ӣִӺ׵ջķᣬճɲ֡
۾תתģѾʼ޳⣺ΪʦܣТʦһôӦõİɣ
ϧһЦ֪ΪΣȻ뵽޳õˮԪĳְǾȴǲĸӱ顭ô̰أ
ˣҲȥɣ飬Ȼܾñ˰Ƶġ޳к
۰һۣԵػһ㻹ǵãһΪѾǻԼˣ
޳֪Լ˳ۣҲ֮ƽϡ
һߵ˹֮ǰϧ˽Ų޳һСģ˵Ҳ껳ǣпǳġ
޳صͷĿ˹֮СЩμӺʹںս֮Ҳӵһݵ㣡
һݵΪմɵפأӵиϡԴϧ޷תƳΨгźս֮ʣһӡ
£ϧҪǰľһӵеľݵ㣡ԣ˲òֱ
ȣӵ浺شľݵ㷽λϧҲһλЦصСӣԸһŶҲָħʹʹȥ浺ľݵҲûóë
޳ŵۣȻ޷ĺ⣬ֻЦҡҡͷ
Ȼ룬Ҫǰǽľݵ㣬Խһ⣬Ϊİ徳ǿߣ
Сʦܣڻ칬ϡ
ӰҲǻʧڹ֮С
գ޳ۻһۣһ̤˹š漴еĻ۳ʮ㣬һǰδ
սȻǾս֮ҲΪǧ﷽ԲвؾǱӳѰ˼ʹ·ҲҲ;
һĬ촽³ĸ֣壬Ĺأ


444 Ĺ
һ΢ѣθУԼһת֮Уо֮ҡΡʵ֮ˣֻҪγ
޳˫ӳһĻٿȻһѹֲסĺɫ֡
ĿȻһƬߣֻŵýͷţûκλľ֮඼˿ѰҲ
ԶȥȻһƬвϵҺڵϷ͵ð̡
ĳ޳뵽󣬵ǱĩƳ˴ҪΪұĵط࣡
ϷΪ֮ҩ˿Сʰ֮䶼Բժ屦ҩ
дķŭ˸УħһЩѪħ޵ƬҲѰҵյİʢ
޳֮Ҳһ˿ӿ֣ܹᵽ۵飺
Ѫħȫ壬ǵԴǸأԭïһƬߣмȡ
˵ǵǿζļ٣˫޷ĳޣһսΪ֣
أÿһڿʼ֮󣬶Ҫ˴ܴУѪ
һڰгǰУ߱Ϊ޳ܵϧǳռս֮رҲûܹ롣
޳û˵ӦþҪСǵԭڡûۼ֮ǰҲǲϸڡ
ܿ죬תһƬ֮޳ǰһĻ澰
֮ǰŢһƬͬǵûһˮֱӾһƬĮΪ˾ǣ֮ٵӰЩӰ֮ͣһЩŹ࣬ͷţǻ˵а
˫ϵڰսƴһĹֻӰǵȹ֮ƣ޳ͷƤһ顣
оԼڵƬս֮Уκһ˶ܽԼɱ
ӭսħ壬վս֮أ
ﺬ羴һ֮סһ֧ħţǲôսһѪҲδһ˺ˣ
Ȼ˵ļ򵥣뵽ȫսĳ̲סһѪ밧ʹ
µģǵս˫ǿ߹ʱǺبգ겻ɢһֱ񣡡
۵Ľٶ޳𺳣ħٱѾȥ˶ꣿЩǿ߽һܿԽʱճǸһֺεȾ춯صΪ
ЩΪǿᣬ¾Ķǿߣ޷ͨҲΪ١
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ţ
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䣬·һʶ޳һͣɡԭˣ
ԭˣԭˣ
޳סһЦٿȻ˫ȥ
䣡䣡
һӰ£ӿ壬㳡۳״͵ʹλǡ٣Ҳû޳󵨣
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ڳһĨݣɵصƺ

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ѹֶתǰǿԭӡ֮˿ռ֮ռ䣬޴ҲСްݣҲ
һʶնϰ˿̻Ȼʣʶõġ
ЩӰǵû˺ÿһ£һ̹ͨԽԽԾƣ
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Сǣȥ
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Դʵ֮СǵǿЩӰȻǿǱҲֻһʺ
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ǧ崫УǧĻԻҫΪСһ뵽ֽ絶

۴һһǰȥҪͿĨѪڴ֮ϣ


445 ɫԿ
ס֣
޳һקס
ǣħһ㣬ƴҪ
޳͵üһѽݺݵһȥ侲㣡
ž죬ʱȫǳڼʧе۶ǲһ
һȴŰˣȻ򲻿ź俪ǣ㷢ʲô裿޳ŭس
ôһ壬Ҳ侲üԼ红һ㱻޳ڼϣӲ㻹ҷ
޳һͣղ鼱֮û̫࣬ٿѾ˴Ƕôæ˷£ߵƽǰ
ǽſǽʵ
޳ʾһʮһ֣ɿһɳһȭ˴š
أ
˿ɱ汬һâֱӻɿ
ǣǣ
ɿŴ˶һ߸ߵطԶԶر׷ɰգ
˻˿޳ղһ֮£ɿؿںȻѷ죡
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һθΪӻƽϷɳĺ֮ɣԽ÷˰ա㼰ʱǻҪɣ
Щ鷳ˡ
޳Сĵؿ˴ţϸȻĴ֮أ֮ǰ־۵Ѫ֤ûеܱ򿪡
治Ӧø󱲿ôһЦ
ףף޳ϲط֣ڻƽһɫס
Ҳע⵽ˣɫһӱòȻޱȣѵ֮ؾȻҪԿ
޳⡣
һԵػ͵ػعʵС㣬˵峤һʧٵԿ
š
۳׾ˣƽһɫԿһֱ峤գߵȨû뵽ԿԭһعЧ
ҲǱҵԴϴ峤ʧ֮󣬴峤ȨԿҲ֮ʧ١ããҪȥѰԿ
ˣ˰ɣˮתҲõ˻һƶʱˡ
ЩɢΪ̥ܵನЩ㡣ѧ츳ǷҪΪǿߣ׻ѷɫôһ
ǰΨһϣҵĹأõĴУӶһٲ츳ǿѪ
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֪ûǿѪԼ岻סЩҰĲļһȻҲ޷ȫϵĵλˡԣŻһĻ䣡
˵İɫԿʲôӣ
޳ԥһӣ̲ס᲻
˳ִǬһԿףǵӺڷϳãʬǰ
һֱûп״;Ҳûзϣ˽䡣
ţ

һİ޳еԿףϲԻ󣬲ɡ
һ㣡
ðΣ۲ŽӲ³˼֣ԿôУ
»ײһ𰡡
޳ЦȻöɫԿ峤ȨȻǷͬСɡһһʮؽԼõԿεΪǿ˵ٻʬ
ף
һǾצʬ۽ݺһһԴѪϵһӾ˳ȥ
رסǾʬ޵滨꣬ƽ߹ȻߣͷųСŮҵĽף֪֪֪֪۶Щŵú࣡㲻ˣǶ۸ңء
С˳صĵӣƫƫ첻㣬˾޴ѹһ̣ڼĿдɽһĸʬ̫֮ί̫ķŭҲͲ㣬ͳͳй

ҲǴʧɫ峤껡ͬΪˣĴ󻤹УҲ껵ΪǿҲΪ䣬Ϊס
ĸ縺ˣԼ峤δй顣ǺʧһϢϷȻ󲨣
浺ҲɳѰңȴһ׮粨ҲƽϢ
ȴû뵽ٳʱȻôһ״
޳Ҳ˳һʬԳ壬ѪȾĳˣĻܻ˴
¾ǳ춯˼սʱҲʩչ
壡⵽ǳһչصϼһ֣ߣΪѾޱƽǿߣһƥУô˿ɱȡ
Ϊѣ٣˵Ҫɱϳ壬ǰȥҪһ˵
ѰֶȻɱǣټϡ
޳һһ³


446 ɱ
Ѫħأ
򵥵Ѫħ֣ȴõø˻𣬼ȵĺ֮ɫ¶˼˵年Ѫħܣ
жԳûкøУǸ˻Ƿֿԡԭܼ򵥣Ǿǡ
ûкô
ѪħȻʵǿӵ򾳵սǹᣬ޷κκô
Щʹڵж棬ǵ޷ĿԾȫе򱻳ͬΪʺѪħĵ
ʣôܻӦԣ˷ֲ²⣡
Ѫħ޷ô
޳ûǣһӰ似ʩչ֮ʱԼѪħƺΪϡ
ʮǰѪħӶݳ˻սҲڲ֮ȥҪ˵ô̵ʱڣǾ˹ᣬһɱ껣ʱЩ˵ͨ
ףлǱʲôأ
޳з·һߺ֣ڿһУı߶һгĿĶȥ
ðΣ۲Żָƽصؽ˸ʬ𣬳޳ذݵл޹ӣȫ¾д
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һͻȻ쳤Хһ˻ɤὣׯǾȻѪħᣬȡʥ̥񼫣ȫĹУ

Ƕὣׯɱ⣬ǲΪĬ˰ΣСĵˣǵĴҰôû̵֣ǵһ徳ǿߣǱһˮֱϡ


460 ŭ
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տʼһȷʵʥ̥Ѿ٣ԽԽԾǴ滨ѵѪʥ̥ļǻᱻ׻ӡ
޳˼֮ʱǱҵһˡԭ첻ЩԲ׼̲סˡ
Լղĵըĸʥ̥Ҫǣ⼤ķķһ޶
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üͷһ˼֮ɫһбųǺһὣׯǰЩӼǶҹٰ㣬ҲӦǺҪȴû뵽ǾȻŪЩС
飡Ҳȥ飬ὣׯ֮˳֣¾ǾǿߣҲҪὣׯ𣡡
Ѱг֮ˣҪնɱȽΪϳҪ˵һϵǣȻҴڶᱦ


461 ս壡
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ҳһͷ뵽Լս̨޳սַʱĳ糱Ļں޿ӿͷ
ϧ䱾ûкҩԳԣ
޳͵һգǰײȥҳϾŭԼʧȥֱ۵ʵһʱûй˵ʱ޳ײ˸ʵʵ

޳Դѱһǿᣬһײϣһͷĳع߹һž֪ѳ˶ٶΡ
ԶԶʹϯȫҽûܷԴһᣬɴ˹ȥ
ݣ
һؿۿžҪͻȻһϢҪԼնݺѹ顣
ȴ첻Ѿˣ֣߳
ȥ
޳һ䱳ͻȻһͭƤģ͵һݣȻһըƵ
첻ԴһǣоһľݺݵУ˵һըһѣθϣҵʹϯȫһʱ䶯á
ô˻ᣬ޳޼ȫʩչһǧɿ⡣һһ̧ţ̤칬ţ

˭Ҳû뵽ʮ徳гǿߺΧԳ֣ǵû޳˵ľ档
޺޵һţй˽µһأڿȷţľ˾׶༪ˡ
ǧ㣬Ҳû뵽޳ȻܹΪת֮
ŹȥãǸԼս̨ϳֶΣűƷַ꣬Ȼӵǿս
ȻǧԸ⣬治òϣ˿̵޳ѾӵԼʸ񡭡


468 ּѡ
ĪضǽĳЩƷӵֲսһ칬ϣеﶼý뿿ʵء
һԾӵ׼ƵֻҪʧܣͻᱻ칬ŶʱǵĻˣ
۾һ޽֪֮޳εºܾȻ˶̵ʱڻôͻƣ
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ܹԽ֮رֵԲСھʥ̥
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صϢŵ˵ҿ֮ǰϵһЩ֮УȻ徳ǿߣǷУҲֻöܷâ
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ף
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Ľһ֣ʱаٵԪǿİۣХ̶Сǧ
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еվԭزһöӡѸֶȻ۳һì޳
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Ҳǳһ˿Һãؿ߽ʵѹ˰徳СɣĻܹͨ˽޼
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Դӵõȫ湦־ޣİǿѾ˿Сǿߡ֮ǰĽϴڶԵ״̬
ǣԷһнԼɣȻ似ƿϸʤһ

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һΣһΣ
޳岻ϵرɣԽԽÿһκɳȥľ붼Ҫ̣
Ȼ似Ĳ̶ȱøˣ
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˰̾ؿȻΪѣǶĴЧѡ޳ҲǴ˳칬ŵ֮󣬲ŵõƵĽ
Ѱ˴ֻҪܹ˳ؿİףˣ˭뵽ĥ
Ψ޳ҲΨдģ۷壡
䣡
ڣ޳оԼİԽԽûټһƽ÷˳ȥ
ۣʧ޳ǰһĻ
ϲ㴳飬Եõһ߼Ľ
߾ʮɵĹĻ֮ϣâתһַؽ棺
צȡɽ֮ǣһ浨һкХǣ
˷뷢Էɽʯ
ƣ汸֮Ч

Ĺܣϵֻ֮УǧŹ޳Ŀɿڴ
һ߼Ѱ֮Ѿϲ֮ˣʹǺĵĵӣҲҪؿ飬ղܵõڡ
칬ȻóǧѡȻЩܵղأڴλ̵ֲܿıɽһǣ
ѡšһһɡ
ڸ˵ָ֮£޳ܿѡһҪǿʩչ֮ʱڶ̾ڱһǳʺ
á
ܿһ޳ʶŹһӦϡ
Ʈ£ڣѡ񣡡
޳΢΢Цѡ񣿲֪һιҪʲôˡ


469 ֲĿ飡
һѡҿڱ㽫ͳȥǣ㽫ʧȥһԵĻᣡ
޳֪ǰ⡰ԡҪ浺ͱǰʮȻԲòμˡ
ܺã㲻ԸһַʽˣҺұ߾ӦȷȵΨˣ·ϲϻþΪպֵħٵ
޳һν黷ʱһģһȻǳЩ֪Ѷ˵ߡ
ѡ˵ڶַ
Ȼ޳ǰĹĻٶȿʼ˱ã治ַٸ
أﵽ﷽ԲڲظһǧʮΪ߽ɱΪѪħȺƿأΪѪħ൱徳ǿΪ鷽ʽ
дʮʱ䣬ͨأڼ䷢καﶼС
ɲأǧ﷽Բнʮָɫҩ߱ƽε֮ڱѪħȺףӵƽ֮ͷ죬һ֧аԿţ顪
뾡һзͨȺķɹ߽ʸɲժҩ
һ޳ɫԽԽѿѹᵽ߶һη壬⼸񣬼ʹԼӵоʥ̥Ҫ˳ͨһ׵顣
ңҲˣΪθᵽһʱЩĪԭܼ򵥣ۼܲ²⵽һص֮
һ칬̲֮֮أõѪħΪ飬ֶý޷
ÿһ鶼ޱȼѣ޳̲סʵǰȻЩضѪħްأһͻǵĹҪ˳װɣ
Ѫħ޶ϢΪУֻҪ࿿ǧ֮ڣͻʱһֻ֧ȺϮʹǰ徳۷ǿڴˣҲǲòӡ
һĲߣܹסĶмͨˡ
ߣЩһһˣʹħ٣ǿҲʵӿֳ˲ٸ֣ÿһ˳ͨĲ֪١
鲻س𣬶˶٣ֵģЩ֮вѪħޣͬ档һѡأһһšȻ顯㿴ڵԭסһ޶
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ңǰΪǶѾ㹻ˣС²ֵһᡣ
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תأռطԲǧǿΪһ֧ѪħȺѾǾѪħֻһܳΪѪħʵǿᣬײС
޳һѪħǿߵĲˣλѪħ쾹ȻѾƽȾ磿
ԤУǱǿĴڷ֣Լʲôʥ̥Ҳצһץϡ
Ѫħѳƽ;ƿ֮ϥһӴѪ⣬¹ͳ죬ʵӽ顪


470 Ѫ
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򵥵İ˸ֵаأ̾ϢЩѪħʵ̫ǿ󣬼ʹҲ޷ɱֻѡѹôǶʵԽԽûгܻǽҶǵǿߣ칬ѹЩҲЩˡ
޳ˣΪǰ˵Լ;⣬Ҳ޷Ԯ֡ԭܼ򵥣
֮Թ֮նɱѪħޣΪӦǼѹɣ޳Ȼ
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ͬΪ壬ȴΪЧźݶضԴ壬޳ӿŨŨɱ⡣
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ͷע⵽޳ﾭȥ˲ûл޳ݡ
ţһ׺ݵĹâһ㶢޳˵ΪȻﵽгɡ
ѹ޳η壬ǵĮӶȥ
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ͷʶؾҪȣĶ޳۾һУ˴һѪħͳ죬ǾԼʹܹӵ½İʱҲҪڲжɹ
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471 
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׳ͷһ٣ɵؿһ޳
б䣬޳ûмų֣ϾѪħ޵ϳҿ϶ǷܹʶԼķӰ
Ͼһ似п̥Ѫħ

޳ٳ֣׳ͷһ˲ҴԺѪħ޴ǰɱӣһڴбؽһ²ӡֻµλһǧɣʱõûпˡ
һ룬侲꣺Ա֤Ǽϸ
ȻѪħһͳתأȻһЩǱ˽ϵؿҪػȨ
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ұ֤ҾԱ֤ͷ
ţǺá
׳ͷŵջأȱƤ򣺡ǰϹأʼȥժѪݣ㣬ڿѪݵƷߣȥɰɡ
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ԥһ£ˣԸһǰڿ߲ժѪݡ
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һԿ֮䣬Աߵ˶ֻĮȻţûһվʾͬ顣ֻǵ޳ץʱ˺ؿһۡ
⴦ռУ޳Լܵһѹƣ޷͸ȥ̫Զ·ε󣬽һ
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޳ܵΣԭһĶߡڶһÿʺɫݣЩʱ޳ȻûѪзڵļ
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ȥǽÿ˲ժһѪݣĻǾûκμֵٺ٣׳ͷ̵Цš
Щԭľ壬˿ЩѪȴЩηزǰƤ޵ĳ֮£Ų鲻Ըǰȥ

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Ŷ
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۾һɣ·ʲô˼֮£㾹Ȼ֪Ȼ뵽ʲôһĨȵľϲ֮ɫ𣺡ѵ㲢ת֮ˣ


472 ԪĴ˷ܣ
Ǻǣһֱڱĵطոճȴû뵽Ȼ顣޳ؽ͵תطԲǧĻҲǱ𴩡
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겢δɣЩʧ̾Ϣ˵ںܾԶУÿ꣬ǿߴ֮еԿײеѪħޣǶʱȻͬѪħռƣ岢һ㷴֮ûУԶ׸
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ȱϸؽ͵Ŀ֮֮ɫ֮ǰǺѪܹʲôóôܹǿѪħ޵켼ܡԻϢ㹻ƷƷѪݣ԰ǽ
޳üͷһѹѪħ޶ЩѪ⣬ԭаĹЧǶԣѪݾ൱ߵ鵤ҩˡ
ժðɣһоѪ֮㣬µҩȱݹһŵҩ
޳һֱ棬㿴һŲѪĵҩĦ޵ЧҪһءѪݻ徫ѪŵҩĲ䣬Ȼ̶ܹȵرס
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Ԫ飬ݵʲôô޳
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޳һԺһץסеص㡭


473 Ʒ
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ԣһͬԳɿռϢΪѪħĺǲֱҲûѪе硣
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ԭԭ߾ȻһֱûзѪ޴øҼලµҩͿԵõ㹻ľƷѪݣΪѪħ

ĺͳȻһƺܲ˾޴Ĵ̼һ޳Դ
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Ȼ䣬һֲϢϷۿڻ仯߸߹һִĹǴ̺Ҫ͸һţҲһϸܵĻơ

˱仯֮ҹԭҪ߳һҲҪһŵĹǴ̾һβͣĿġ
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飡
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С㾹Ȼ˱һֻƣﲻˡڣҪĳһ࣬кͷ֮ޣ
´УǵŨʼۣŨҵаϢγһߴʮţͷ
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ۣ
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488 򾳵İأ
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޳ͻȻһ޴УһڵĹâͷţЩԭѾĿռƬٶ

ݣ
һռƬ֮Уܿ챻ʳ˴Ĺ޳塣
䣡
޳ϥԭأοȻ·بųʯһǿҵİϢ޷ֹɢ
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ÿһʱ䶼ǹһǰ޳ĿռƬĿﵽˡʮƾǼδ߶޷
·Ѿ޳ļޡ


490 Ѫ֮䣡
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·Хӭ׳ֻʶһ裬˾Ǳͷһܡ

һ似޳ΪĽɱҲվѰ徳ǿһͻѹΪ׳ա
׳ĵһӱڵĻþŭСӣΪ似˵ң̫ˣ
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ȱŵҲˣʲô⣬һϣ


491 壡
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493 ӽVS飡
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ΪҪǣⲨ֮з·ǧֻŭ𣬼ֱӴ˶ĤԴ˲֧Ĵôһ㣬ʹҪ

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޳֮аɵץǱһȱȱϢ
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494 ɱ
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ƬƬɫâ䣬һһĿӶʮɵĶ߶Ҳ顣

ڣһʹռǰСǸոս徳СɵΪһȫ߶ɱʱ˿϶֧Ųס
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ˡ
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495 ռݣ
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ǴʩıͽѪħһĸ߶ʵļƿҪԶԶЩǿˣ
޳ЦЦ֪ⲢԼǰǿҪʤô࣬ҪԼǡܹϴ˴Ѫݰˡ
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ˡ
ע⵽㾡Ҳ޷ϴˢɾĺ⣬Դһᣬɴر˹ȥ

޳˺ڿߣʱûڲصıҪһ˦ʸһ㱬
ݣݣݣ
ÿһһѪݣ޳ʵǣԻĵĿҲǴǿԴ߶Ļﵽǰʮ
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ôһѪݾֵܵأ޳Щţӵǿ򰡣ǿ֪̿
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ټ֣Ԫ鲻мس


496 ӡ
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޿ɱ뵤ҩһܷԶĹؼڣ֪޵ļֵжˡ
˵ԸóЩƷݵĻвϸóе㽻ȻĿǻɳ޾ɱ֣ɱѪݡԪЩֻص
޳˸ۣԪЦƵĻ棬һЩ¶˾ģպⱩ¶ݵܡ
Ȼݵļֵ֮޳ȻǶˣʼʱݡ
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޳ʱܲժһԪͼԪָ
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Уÿһƶ·̺İӵþһѣ
ʶ֮й⸱ͼÿһͼɹ㶼仯Ԫ͵
޳ûгɣһǣ֮£ܿһ·ʼտʼ֮ʱͼγɽеú˳ڹ˴Լ֮һͼʱȻһ١
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޳ЩԾղȻûжӡǽ棬֮컹о˾ȡ
Ʒݣ
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һϢʱ˳žϳ壬һֱʶֹͣɲʱԭѾֹͣӿǾúأ

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޳һڵҪ˷һ룬ܹյĽʮ֮һˡ
һЧҲǷԣһþƷݣ޳оѷۻȻһؽͼɣ

ȫͼ֮޳ʶһֻͼ˲⡣ûѯʣȫ鿪ͼΪһֱʶ֮ϡ
ףȻˣ
޳ԵظоʶԵķΧ˳Ľ
ԭˣѹһԪͼΪ޳ѹסϲ
ʶţôܹȻԽ֮࣬ΪҲǿ

޳˷֪ƣٶһͼղݵѾĸɾǣԪʹУ޳һ̷þƷݣ
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ԪʵڿȥˣضԪѡ۲Ϊ
ոһգʱ޳ϵزժ֮жɹȻժٶȺܾˣʱҲίʵզࡣ
̶ʱ䣬Ѿ˽ٿþƷݣ
磬ӴѾܹͳʮˡڣͳͳ޳ãΪ˲֡
ݳ޵ֱǴȥǿҲŭس֣Ҫݳ֮ͽ
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ʱ쵽ˡ
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⣬Լ¶ŨѪϢȻûţЩѵ˺ݺһ֣
ˣתڶౣأպлһʱȥ磬ֵֺúõشһ
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һ߶˿ʼһгͣ޳֪ǽԼ뿪ֶΣûзнԼ˰ա
ǲϱƽУ޳΢΢һЦе˼˿Σߵ˺ˣ֪ܹϵڼλ


497 ǰ࣡
칬⡣
ΰ칬֮£Χ£ǿߡǺ֮գӦģһƶȡ
нս֮ˣֻҪⷴᱻŲ˴֤ͬս
һҫҲһϷʢ£Ӻֻ֮߳Ҫ;䣬һΪӰһ콾뢣
κ֪˭пժðףųһţ춯Ϊ߾ķ֪ܷǶ
춯Ȼǿ˵껳ǿǳ˲СĿ˵沵ӣû˿ʾϷһ˵úܣ
Ҳ˵ˣմµĴţ춯桢ַ룬е¶˵̲״̬ȺӣдǿɶΪͬһ˵Եʣ
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ΪԼĹ֮н˴оܸıһô
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ʲôϷĴţΨľţİȺۣ޿ƥУ
ôˣѾжٽˣ֮ϣûһӵа徳ɵΪλŶꣿպĽռþˣǰ;ɴĦ
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ţһֽ˾̬ݺݵشݲġ


499 ǧ˼
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֪ΪΣ澹ȻƢԴתޱȿ͵̵Ըȫͬ
ߣǴ֮ΪԼһ˲ɣЦ

һЦջֱۿۣ˴˴κĵһϾͿԻ浺ĹඥԵһܵõĹඥôҵʵǽΪ徳۷嶼֣ʱҾǶĶǿߣֻҪһۣܿ
˵⻹һ죬˭һ죿
Ȼò˵еȻǿҵŭ⣬ǿصһôȷһ㣿
ۣôĵϵѪɵĻͲҪ˵ˣԷۿʮˣ棬˭ϵһ˭ʸΪһޱȵĿš
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תأնѪħһ߶ѪħһڧѪħиָ߲֮
ѫ׿ǧܼϼƹ׵һǧʮһˣ޳


500 һˣ
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赭д˲ԼĶ䣬ѹһ糱ͨ쳹ص
Сӣ
ص޳ϴһȭ
޳㣬ӲһǣһĨŹֵЦݴϸ˳
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ٺ٣Ҽǵĳλ˼Ҹո޳ɰ벽֮ʱŵòһҪúýѵСһ޳ЦĦȭƵЦ
˺мһԶԶش˳ȥһСӣ۸ˣСͷӸ㣡
ϼһ뵽Լ֮ǰһ׷޳ƨɣĿЦȻ޳պĳɾ;ԻԶԶԼȴû뵽Ǽ칤СӾȻӵǰµս
ս򣬰ܶɱ֮
Ŷ೤ʱ䰡Ȼս˲ǿҵĴܸУ

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ʱ첻ǰһܹӦ
֮ǰͬһ޳ǰ̬ڵúܵͣҲ˵޳ħݣʵɷƽƽҷ
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޳к󣬲ԡ
Ȼ֮ǰһ²һµĴ㣬ʵ뵽֮£޳ǲΪԼһЩԵ
Ҿðˡ
첻˹֣һ۴ϵˣһҧ˳֣һˣ
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˲Ҫᡪ
ȻѾˣ첻˵˸ͨ͸鲢ްΣգֻ˵Һɷٹٹλƶӳһ޶
һ㣿
޳ʱȻѹ첻ԴӼԼκ֮Щԥԥԭл飡
ҡҡͷС


547 תӡǣ

첻ңǱҽεļܣͶ˵˾ߣǡ
ǰ֮޳
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˵Ǻɷǰ޳ľܾҲֻܺ󣬶Ҷ֡
ˡ
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첻۾һæʵ˼ֻҪ꣬Ϳǰڤٹ𣿡
޳ͷҿ㱣ֻ֤Ҫڶæ꣬ڤɷ
뵽˺ڰ֮£ԡ֮в㣬Ȼ˴
ԼȻ㹻ʵΪ˱飬Ϊһദ֮飬Ӧǰȥ
֪ڶʲôҪ죿ǺɷҲܹһæ첻æ
޳û˵ݼѾ޳Ųɻ֮ޣһضҪǰֻһ
޳ദܾãȻ˵ڡҡ֮ĳ
첻ɫãݺݵһҧصرȭģĳ˾ǺɷĳˣкμƻǺɷһݣ
䣬ǸȻȭ֮浺ȥ˵޳ǾٹΨһϣ޳úõģٹܺúõġ˭ҪǶ޳ǼֱǼӵıɷ̳ˣ
һ㣬κκɷ˶ܴӦ
޳û뵽һܹõɷ֮Լֻһݰգ
΢˼⣬޳תӣЩΪѵصϡ
Ӻػ˻֣ص浺ħʹ浺ˣ˭۸㣬Ǿ۸浺еħߣ㶼Դϣ
޳û뵽ͷôˬ죬΢΢һллϡ
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ϰıͻȻεصҲضлңЩСһ˼ɶͲ浺ˣҲͬǸߣҲ
ݺݵصһۻˣڨڨһЦεԴȴ˭Ҳûз
ħħߵĹأ
ĸԸغʱǾѾȫи޳¾޳ҪȥҲûж
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һָѾͷøȥڵ鷳
죬뷴Ӻߵһɫޱȣһν뺣ǰʮȻûеõඥֻҪ飬ЧඥҪãңۼħܹ֮ⳡ˳ǵĺôǲԶ
СսҲ뱻ԽԽԶɣһ仰Ƕ˵ǶϧŮ˵
ҲһԽŵصϧѾͷʵѴ徳гɣøһعɴУл᳹׼ѪõĴУ
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ϷģҴ˴λȥûǡ
Ѷ޳浺һ죬֮ǰϾոռսóûһħҲҪһЩ׼
һҹ޻˵ǺܸߣΨһֵἰ޳õ˲ǧصöתӡ
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֪ˣתޣ
ԪٵһЦ͵֮ǰǲǧضʩչޱ߻󣬽㳹Ļ֮УӦģ˵ʼһ¡ħԽ𵤴һѰ֮ˣĳ֣ҵˣԱܵ뵽ڡ
޳զ£侹Ȼ˴֮¡Ҫޣαħٴλǰʩչޱ߻󡭡
ܴ֣γת޵
ǲǧǵ֪֮󻹳ȫԼһѣ·ǵһ鲻ɡ
Σ޳ĶתӡĿѾﵽ˾ʮţת۷ҲֻſŶѣ
Ϊǧﶼǲضá
ߵĳ˷䣬޳վݵӰӭʵĽͦһŨս⸡
Ҫˣң׼ô


548 ˣ
ಣಣಣ
֮У޴ޱȵ۽Ӷÿһ۽ɣʮϥӰ
ЩӰһϢǿޱȣԼ֮жйһռ䡢һصơȻǾѴﵽ˰徳
Ϊ׵һ֧۽ǰһݵӰ۽ٶȼ죬ķпƤ
ǣеķӽʱۣ޽ǵķ˿ΪǼһ˿͡
˵һǸո뿪浺޳ԼĴħ飡
˾δع齣󣬵ĸڳ£Բδ޳һع飬⣬ὣׯ֮ǣԴ룬ȥúõءݷáһ¶Է
ҲǸҪ
Ҫȥ䱦볹װγһҵҲѵóǰȥΪ
Ҫܹص½۽޳ȻƽʵƼ
һ֪࣬үүˣ½Լ󲮣ǹúòã
뵽Щ޳ͺ޲ܲ˫ᣬɻȥ

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ô
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֪޳ļضǧҺУǴйʱȻ޷ᲢۣȴҲѵõĴ
ٶȱѰ徳۷ǿ߻Ҫֻ̫࣬ҺÿһվҪʮҺ
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Ц޳ǰĿһˮһӯز֮Ӱǰ
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˾һɫۣתưԼһɫǿȫһ־Ӹµ̬࿴һ۶Լһ衣
Щ˵ɽǺˮɽۼ죬¶һɸУ·֮޷ϡ
ǴڣأһԺʧ
ǺǣǾȻ֪Ҵڣ㻹ȫ֪֮Ϊ׵Ĵʹ߰ȻһЦ
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ʹߵͷһָ޳ȻˣǽǸС°ɡϵķϣʹ߿Բ׷ǰѲ֮
⻰һʱɱ
һɭϢԻϸ֣ĮǶĵ̣Ǵδ̫˰ɣǾͲ»˹أ
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ǣʹߵĻȻǶǹڵΪȻΥأǵɣɱͽ
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ᣡ
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Ӱ֮ǰ
Сģ˾𣬺һֱ˲֮ԣǾȻ˿ûв
ٿ޳׺˼һ˿οȻɽ¾üëûг鶯һ˿


549 ˭׼ߵģ
ͣ
Ǳھ޳üĲʱͻȻһͣת˴ʹߣ
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ʹһӹһĨɵ֮ɫȻˣƾǵӰ飬ȴûм֡
üͷ߿ǡ׾
ǱҲûм׷ջһ漴ţһӰֶһŮüĿ续еһ˿֮⣬ڸ续ա
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䣬˻ǰԼγһΣ˿˿͸
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ǰһԷֵ徹ȻޱڿշתۼĳǧƣӰ˴˵ϣγһӰԲ˲׾

׾һЦǴھϲøЩڵĶ߯ʹ죡
ȻŮԣ˵·ǳһ£г㡰ԡһ𣬱Բ״Ӱ
ͣ
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ߣԼʲôһˣ˵˵׾ȵᶨмֵ㡣
Ǻǣ׹⻰˵úû¿Ǻڰ೤ĬġֻҪʱǺڰĸ󻼡һ塯ȻǴڳȥ̸УܻһӣɧǺڰ
ǰк⣬һûеӰǴڲ棬ѱЩһʲô
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Ǻǣ׹ͨͺãػҪֵġǰЦţκȻһǣʹٶץ޳
ۣ
ʱһգ㽫
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ʵɨһ۲׾һ˴֮Ĳࡣǰ׺ݺݵһţǺãһˣһΣɾͲôõˣߣ
ȴ׾˿ˮѾʪ˺󱳡˵ʵԲʹܹʤҲޱȲء
ۿһ粨ʹƽϢǰҲнȥһʵȴڴʱ𣺡˭׼ߵģ


550 ʮУһ
㣬˵ʲô
ǰ׻ת˼ı飬޳翴һӣǲ׾;֣ͳԼꡣ
Լɵ׾ŷŹһڣȻڳԣⲻ겻ĸղűԼѹȣҪһݻһˡ
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ֿЦĶǰĺҪô
ǰǻһ˿Цɺͷ촽׹ҲˣɲҳǰײᣡԼҿҲð׷ˡ
ǰף㲻Ҫѣ
׾ҲЩջת޳㵽ʲôߺߣҪʥŮ֪ߵغҳǿ֮ǵһԸ
ᣡ
˶ŭĿ˲׾Ǿ衣Ǽûж⣬Ҫֽѵˡ
ôǻǲǣҿڶԴˣΪߵҲǰ徳ΪڶܹһǷڱڤ򡭡ǰһ˾ȫ׾ȵ
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ϾصҿͲöѴˣȲʶôֻ֮ҪһԲ֣Ȼһ̵Ľѵ٣ΪСҼôȻźݻ޲ɼ
һǿۣ벽ǿϢǵطڳǰУ޳׾ѵǾûѵĵ
ǰף㲻İȫҽǻˣ׾Ȼ޳ıֲվ˳
ǰӿһŭǿаȥѿ׾ʳԶ𣿺ߣҳǰСҪ룬Ϊôһ֮ǴڽǷֵã
׾üһ壬Ҫ˵޳Ѿؿˣ׹лĺ⣬Ͳͷˡ

ǰЦص׾ûУ˼ҶѾֺ֣α飿Сӣ־ܣҴ֫ץ
޳ĮȻֻĮȻɨһۣʮ֮ڣ֫һ
ǣ
ȻӦУµħ߻̤ϢϷ˳ǰס
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һɿǰŭӿͷЦСҿǿԴûˣҲãҡ
Цδ䶨һ֮ɫѷӣ˫رһɺȻ֮ɫ
䣡䣡
Ϣӿһ׹⾫â˵գһ޴İ֮Ρ⻹ǹؼҪǰܻһƬƬεУ
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ܽɱɱ߾˫֣ݺݵһӡ

ͷܺܵεڰе巢һ׵ҽصһ壬һȦȦƵĹâǱԶԶزԶ
ٵһ̶˳ǰף

ǰ׸оһǿ֮ס徹˶ݵĽӲһɺȻ֮ɫ֡
ֱһĻǸСôӵսֿӵԽս󷨣ʹǷڴڣǾԵؼ
أ
ǰ֣ĳƣҵıűһһб顣
ӰûΪ򣬽˸ΧƣһʱѰκμ϶ڣŭˣϺһõ
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أ
Ӱٱֵĳǰ˱ǿĳײ߸ߵ׷ɶ
⡪
һԵĲ׾׿ɵˣʹȫ֣Ҳǿʤǰһ߰ˡٿ޳£ǳһ֧սӣ׵ؽǻ
⣬һȺʲôﰡ
뵽Լ֮ǰĿԣ׾յûƽ飬Ϊ𾪵鷢ˣֻת£ɫܣ˶һУ𷣣
࣬һУ벽ǿ߶һС
⣬⾹ȻҲд󣿾ȻҪ
׾ʯˣ


551 ڵĺޣ
ɣǱϾոս󲻾ãֲǡ
޳⼸ʱȻڸ·еħ߲δţץʱս
κһħ߶ǴǿѡǱ;ս֮ټ޳ÿһ飡
ԣʱ䣬Ǳս˳սʱԶһЩղŽǰֻҪУ
ǴزʶΪҪɱң޳Ĳ֮䣬ҲҲĵط
ǣǰ׿ڿԼΪˡǺ޲ܽԼǧУһŽⲻ޵ģɲ޳֡
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޳ɫ䣬ֻǵص죡
㡪ǰ״һ֪Ǵˣ¾Ҳǰ꾹ȻҪԼ
ûи˵ĻᣬͷǰݺݵʮǰƳϡ
žžžž
ǰ׵ʱһƬŭػδܵ˾޴裡з·Ҫس鶯С㾹ȻңҸ㣬ˣеˡѡ֣Ϊ޴ľٶȥ
޳üͷ΢壬ʱԱ߲׾ˣˣ㲻رˣҵ֪һЩ顣
޳ת׾ĪЩľʱ޳ӡһͨº꣬־ᶨˡںֹǰʱӡһݡԴ󡱵ۡ
ǣȫԤϣǰǿĳǰ׾Ȼʮ֮У
֪ǰ֮ǰĻǿԴ󣬶Űٷְٵ֧š
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ʥŮ˵޳ǳͨһǶвϣ֮ȫûǿıƾʲôܹӵнյƣ
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޳ˣ׼̳УԼԸⴹһ׼֮ŮǼֱĶͣЩ𽵹ζ
£дУҲģ
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Լĸ׺ι븸ססιΪǱ˴˼İ飬޼⵽ڵѹʱʮ꣬ҲҪɱԼ
ѵУ΢һִ󣿾ӦҪ費ɣ
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ĻҲ˵ΪһεѾ߸ߵĲֻֽ֮
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޳ģȴ͵һգʲô
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޳ǿ֮£ǰ׵Դһᣬӳױϣһ˿ԪûӴֱܶӱӰڣһȭ򱬣
ƽһУ޳˿ûһԲ׾񣬶תҲࣺԱ߿ôãҲ˰ɣ


552 ǧ
ʧˡ
ȻڵǸκǸ⣬ֻ˸о˷Թİ
·𣬴ϰ˸߸ϣһֵͷ
Σգ
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ָһһɫĻʹָɳǬףһ֣ͳڰеԲ͵һ

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츳кûγɵȻҲвͬǳ򾳵ǿߣӵиƷģȫѹͨġ
Ʃ縺˵ġ򡱣ǴɵĻҪԶԶʤɵɽġ˪ѩ򡱡
̲֮صģ˿ѷɫڽҪǿһġ򡱣
ô
޳ǵɽǸֳһĨŨҵ˷֮ɫһɱڣ֮绢ˣ
գ
öӡһ˵֮ڣ޳ܿ콫֮ΪⵤҪתӡΪ
ԭ˾תޣ
ߣһתת޵õⵤ޷ӳʵΪ飬óǿߣǶԼ衣
ܵ
һ޳õ˺ܶйصϢⵤǴشһֱزصֶΣΪⵤĴڣǲһǿתޡ
Ҳǵһˣ
ת޺ǿ󣬵ҪõһֵҲ֮¡ԣͶãȻܹ֮ˡ
٣ӵ֣ټǬףҪǲܳΪһޣүɾϹˡԪٺЦ
޳ڣоǱĬһµı仯Ǭ֮󣬱ʵҲڷٽ
һУڳſϲķű仯

֮
й޳ս֮£Ѿ˶¾ңϷҲͨ˸顣
ϢʱķӦǲš
޳ðСɫû˵
ЦʲôèսˣҪҲְ취
˵ǲǲ෹˴ѵЦϡȫЦ
Ǻܿ죬ЩЦ˶ЦˣΪšԡԽԽңй޳¼ҲǱһһھ
첻㣬һȫսԲųţǿƵǶ
֮ʱɱһ֮֮һҶƴȨ
·ϣԽһ󾳽磬һǿߣйսߵ򣡡
תսϷƽڹǿѹսɱὣׯţǿߣһ·Ƕʶһţܵ
й޳ڹؼʱɱǧ֮ҲϷԸ˴ǽһ޳ƵһĿĳ̶ȣ
һϵϢ˶־ֲţ
Щôţ΢ȴŬһ·նɱħﵽ˾磿
ǷԸţ޳ǳ״˳ȥ
ͬʱϣһȻҲӭЩϢ֮˫üһһɱ֮ɫȻӿ𣺡ӣ
¡¡
ǰһӴɽܵεĳȻһ𣬱鿪
һȣɽ


601 аͫɣ
ٺ٣񶼣ɲӡݵˡµ̥Ԫ󣬾Ǳơ
٣ǴҲг֡ǲȥûϢȥĿҲǼˣ
Ҳ˵Щ֮徳ǿߣħƻ¼ˡ⼸飬񶼾ɣ
˵һ³ۣɽȻ۾ᶫһŶ꣬һȭְܳ춯Ӱ徳ǿɱֲӵġ
񶼣
ԲһаͫӵԼһ㣬һŪڷ
ͫ˵ʲô˫зһ˿ĺâ
ֻҪ㣬ЩţǾɱǲʵӻķҫ˵ЩڵСУǺ޷֮
аͫϾЦǴʵĻʵѾǻʵ򾳣ûнκ򾳣ɲҪǡ
꣬ҪŮõΪ簡
ˣ
ȣ׵ϼͻͻֱҪ˽޸ҲĴȡһš໯򵤡
ȻǷǳȷǺĽΪֹۣܶ˶֪һǱʵʵشһǶ⣡
⣬Ϊʹ
аͫἰкŭ֮Ҫһȭɱˡ
㵽Ҫ˵ʲôֻЩϻʧˣ
аͫתƺŭˣܿƽ㻹ļðɣҾ׵˵ˣСӵǳ㣬㼴ʹƾڵɱͭӡҲĶ֣
֪ò鱩ŰҲӣǣܹõҵİʵܹҪ˵ͥˣӵֻɱǲѰ쵽
һĬ
һֵ֮صɫаͫǿóܽţƺԼĽں

أһЦ˵ô࣬㻹Ҫⲻ˾ᣡҪͨɰ徳ǿߣָˣѾĵһˣ
аͫɫȥȻһߣǺܿ죬ٶȿˡ
ǣһΣҿԴӦ㣡㣡
аͫͫؿһ󲻸ŵɫ¶ԼִˡԴӸ֮ǰǰ֪ٴȽ飬Ǿ⵽Ļؾ
˵ĹϵҲһֱһ΢ƽ֮У˭ǲԸƽ⡣
ɣ
УһӰٵƿշգۼ䣬ǰʮӰ
ЩڶʿǶڣңӵžԵҳϣ֪ҲΌܣͫǣˣ
һۣȻ
κһ徳ǿߵĵ֪ҪĶԴ䱦ǰۺԴʵҲ޷øڵһԼİ徳ǿ߱Կ
ڣǾȻʮ徳ǿʿҪǴȥ֪ö˵۾֪ö˼ʵ÷
ڣ񶼾ȻҪһٽЩʿͳͳͳȥ͸аͫȥ
ɣ
㣬ľˣ
аͫţͻҸֱҪˡЩ֪꣬ٴιƻ󣬿СģʼղԸſǿߵľѪԪ
żΣɵ߲̫ͣ㣡
һһ֣ǿߣҲһ浺ħ߶׷
һ֧֮ܿ±˴룬ҲԼһ١ҲǽһͻΪﵽ벽֮
ЩȫģֻҪܰӵ㹻ǸС˫̵ֱص
ãããģֻҪָҵһΪ
аͫϲȻתһֻֻ֨֨ҽеĹֳ˳ȥЩֳӾǳ˳۾ɢǿʵʵаǡ֮ͫ
ۣ
֮ͫɳһһʿԴƿȻǺݺݵ˽ȥʿ޷֮£֮ͫɿرһֻֻȫѪһƬ
ãҵĺǣͳͳɣ
аͫϲϺһֻһ˵Хе֮ͫȫɳһ֧֧ʸɻڡ
ܿ죬ֻаͫϢʼ徳Сɣгɣɣ벽򡭡֮
գ۹Ѿһһʵ

аͫһâŤģȻó󡣴˿̣ǰаͫȻһ޳ݷǷ꣡
һǿϢգתͷ񶼣ϳһĨЦ
񶼣Ҳڴ˿̡
һЦ


602 Ǹˣ
ٺ٣񶼣޴ǳҵ󡣡
аͫ˸Ͼؿ񶼣Ŀ¶˿˿Ū֮ɫʹäĿ⻹һ԰УǶЩ׸
û뵽ǸС޳Сӣĳ־Ȼ֮аôһæ֪ˣ治ӦùĶȥɱҺãСǸûбɱĻҪס
ģԸһɣǸСһȡˣҲǱôи֮Ķɡ
аͫԵ޲쳤ЦһĻӿ˳
мֱ̫ˣ꣬ĻᣬǴҪĻҲĵлܲϲ
񶼵ɫ˿ţֻɺĨĳŪ֮ɫ·ڿһСڱݡ
аͫƽһЩ񶼿ʵһһֱɻӦÿԸ˰ɣ
аͫûлش𣬵ǿɫҲûз
ʱ߹ңǴйʱǳħġ⣬Ӧòİɣʲôʵ
аͫЩؿһۣЦ㲻ѡеľţȻ츳ǿ󣬾Ƕޱԭ¶ţҪǣ㾹Ȼܹһ̵ֱڲʣĻǿη
ô꣬һֱѹңˬˬҸԭ˵һˡ㣬аҲܴһ컯
˶٣ֵҲйʱʹڣʮǰаɳҪǱǶ浺֮ɱ飡
޳ڴˣֻ»һ
صаͫĿľȻҲǬ飡ǽóѵĻħ޳Ҳûпӵսˣ
ǣ
аͫͻȻ¶һ˿ȵĿ־֮ɫҵʱһµˣбһСŮҲܵشǡ
·ּǿµһĻ
ǸһѪȴħ߰ˣƿԶﾹҲؿԼ
һߣһȺ겻ɢĶȻܹ׷˴
ȻаͫӱһŹֵ˻ΣȻ󡭡
ˡ
һΣԶ֮⣬ʱҲʵаͫ
ӼŸ·һ漴뿪ĻаͫҲܱһ˿Ԫֱ񶼡
ǿµ塣
ʱʮ꣬뵽һĻʱаͫǲһ˿ͷ
оóǸǰ˵Լ¾аԳ֣Ҳѵһ
ԭˡ
˵ͷһ˵ұ㶼ˡôôһֱƻѰҸǿ߸ɣǹĶǰȥμӺĿĶǰ㵥ɡ
аͫӻѹϵĿ־֮ɫЦȻܹʶ浺ĻҾͿԽӽǬ飬Ӷһɣ
ϧҲ֪ǾģȻһϿڵ߶ˣ
˵£βǻԹ˵ԸǿߣȻޱȿģһΪ˲º׷ǿ⣬òǰ뿪˻ս
֮һûܽǰʮаͫȻҲûκλӽǬˡ
Ȼв
򶨵صһʼҾͶ㻳нģǰ㼱еضﺣĺô㵱һ᲻ô
ڣаͫЩԾˡ
ǰ񶼵ı̫侲ˣ侲ȫǴ·ӣ
˫ദô꣬ȻкĹϵǱ˴˼ûиĴڣ
ԼȻƣӦõԼܷŹΪΡ
аͫһһɱӿ𣺡񶼣㲻Ҫʲôˣɴһȥɣ
ʲôƣаֻ֪ͫҪԼ;Է죡
䣡
ӿһŨѪɫа󷭹ڷɶа֮Уһֻ޴ͫա
аֻͫأ
ʩչȾ춯صһаͫϲûаֻϲ֮ɫһ˿ȵľӿ֡
֮У񶼽΢΢һЦоôӦ֪Ϊһ㲻˰ɵģ
һ̣аͫȻԼȫȻܿƣǵˣո»ָ򣬶޷ã
㣬㵽׶ʲôаͫޱȡ
һĨЦݣʶ㣬Ӧ֪ԭ桯ɣ֪ϷԶὣׯ֮ʢΪõһصĹڴУ
ڣΪıǡԭ桯ܲɣׯ͸һö
ԭ޳ӽʮɱõġԭ桱Ƕһ޶񶼾ȻҲУ
޾ľŭ֮ɫаͫзܣһֱϦദҲκλԭ棡
΢Ц嵭ЦУһָһ¹Ȼܣǣأ


603 Ѫ
㣬ԭ
аͫбһɼȵİ֮ɫ˽񶼣֪ԷĻǾû뵽Ȼȳ̶ȣ
Լ뵽׵ͬԼǿ߰ңȻһ̬ĵΪԼ׼ˡ¯
ϧһɵ㶼ΪԼһʱ̰ȫˡ
񶼣ˣûңΪܽչô죡ĥҵǣΪһ߿ܣûбסҵԪҼû㡣
ȻѾչֳյֶΣа֪ͫǾܸԼκεӴܻᡣ
ԣֻʣģ
ҲദôˣЩֶҲ˸߰˰ˡ
ȻһЦͻȻֳһץΪɰȻת޲ָңֶô
㲻ôҶҪѾȫҿԸָ㣬ҿԴϡĹԸ㣬ǶһЩйʱʹڵȥھ򱦱
аͫУֻоԼѾȫܿƣϵط񶼡
񶼵һ٣ݺץ䣺ôĻҵǻмĶڡû㣬ҺҪ
ݣݣ
ԭ泹׿аͫ壬Լעԭ֮Уаͫÿһİض
ܿ죬翪һ˿Ц⣺ԭˣɣ
ۣۣ
аͫͻȻʼը֡šظԴһը±óԭǿģ
ǿ񶼺Цͫ㻹Ÿ˳۰֮Щһ

еѭë׽뵽ڣϢҲʼ˱ǡһָոշɳȥңʼ˻
Ż֮ƣϢʵģһɫĴǴͺͺֻʣٵ֦⣬ÿһ֧֦϶һֻ۾ֺͨɫĻѻ
رĿΣȻ䣬˫һһޱȿԵ³
أѻ죡
ɣɣ
ֻѻŻ𺣷ɳһᣬĹǵصӿǰѵĴɽ
Ϣģɽٳ֭ˮ
ѻȻǷӦܹƷ˰ɣͫӦöл㣬ķš
񶼽ǿüһģܿ죬ǻһ㣬䶯żüģʧ
̧ͷޱƺһɭ֮ɫӣ޳Ҫǵ̤ڣҪǣת
ʱ޳࣬⼸ȴתӡ֮⣬ʣµʱ
ϱ䣡
ŹͬǴ͹Ҫɾ򾳣ԽǿԽãֻ㹻ǿܹ֧ŵ򾳵ġ
޳Ѿ㹻ˣ֪򻹷Ʒ֮󣬾Ҫٽ֮ǿһпܵǿ
ࣣࣣࣣ
տޣ޳Ѿϱİڣϵʽ𲢲ֻ̫ǲϵشˡ
ȻЩʹ࣬޳Ҳǽȣܿؽ֮ɹǽǣ׶ΣھȻѪ
νλΣԲͬѪҺ
ӦѪ
Ǭ鿴һĻ֮󣬽͵ⲽǧض꣬Ҳ֪һЩϱڣŹէǺϡ棬Ȼǿ٣֮ⲢκΰأʵеİضѪ֮ϣ
Ѫÿһζ̺ΪԴľѪϢӡΣգֻҪ֤һѪɢݣͿʱ֮ԶԶǿ֮ǰ
޳뵽Ǿ춯صһʱǧѾҳϡãһת͸ˣֱǲ֮
ԭؼǳѪ֮ϣ
ѪΪѰֶκѴݻ٣ʹ׾ֻǰǴ⣬Ҳ˺ǬЩĽص
경ǧؾƾһУ֪˶ɱǬԼܹŹҲͲֻĽˡ
⣬廹һĵطǾǣʱ᱾ܵΧǡĳּΪϡȱƾյһش컯
ǬֵҼǵòǧʱӵйż⣬ô꣬ȡĻǻһС鷳
޳Ϊȣ˵Լ׾֮壬պͿף
뷨޲ϻ浺Լݻ٣Ȼһء
ڳ֮ʣȻһĿ¶Ի֮ɫ
Сǣ


604 Ʒ
䣡
޳һٶʱŴֱ֮ϷɳŤţţڳž޴ʹࡣ
Ԫ飬ô£
޳ʧɫСһַشòֵܡۿʹ࣬ܲ
Һô⸱ģûԪش޳һ˹ȥ
ԪҲǳԾˣСǵвϵСԭνѾܹﵽʮɳڿ̣գ۹򣬾Ȼֱֻ۳̡
ǡѪ壡Сүģ˾ȻѪˣ
Ѫ壿
޳͵𣬵Ԫ˵СպɳӵѪĻᣡ
ÿһѪ壬״ᷢ仯ͬʱʵҲǡ
ǽ˼ʰ
Ԫ̾Ѫǿ̣ҪԴû뵽һﾹȻֻһҺô򵥵ؿʼˡ
ǬҲһĬ֮󣬵ǳҲǿٵǺεȼδֻӵкεȳɾ͡
Ԫһаһ㻹˵˿Ҷ㿴۵İ
츳ֻܾͨһͨļܡȴû뵽֮СǾչֳ˵ڶ츳ܡ

һ̣ԪԾϰ죬Ҳߵúܳʱû˼Q
ڣڴѪܴ֮ʲôı仯
仯ڼ
޳ŵ֮УСọ̈̄ҲǳС˰ֱ۳ִ̣ɫȥĸо
ƺǸܵ޳ĵǣɵ޳ֱϣֻСȭͷСԴز˲䣬Ļóǰ͵ģ
Ҳ˸ò˻˰ɣԪզ
˻
·Ǹܵ˱˵ӣ͵˴Դľһ
ˣˣˣ
Լ֮Уһΰľ󡪡һƬ磬ǿ޺Уһ޴ֲͨ쳹أǳһ㣬ȻƬ֮С
۶ôǿޣھֲʱʶظ
ңҿ
ԴСǿʼѪ壬ԪѾ֪ǵڼرֿˣСǱĵľʧ磿ΪƷ򰡣ˣǸ̫ˣ
޳Ҳһϲû뵽СҺ֮󣬾Ȼһٽ򾳣һѣȻ˸Ʒ
磬Ѿǿˣ֮ͬ򾳵ǿߣСǻ޵еġ
ˣСһ֪ˡ޳ЦŰһ£ĴԴġ
ָһ˳ȥֱӽ뵽Сڣ޸һЩ֮𡪡
ѪȻԴܶĺôӦģѹҲǲС
˴ٲҪѰһЩʵɱҩðԭ޳Ǽ򵥵úܣлڣȫԺɵؽ
һСǲԾ뵡ػص޳ֱۡʱ޳ǰƺЩ֮
ţ
޳΢΢һȣһξսǰԺ֮е֧ղгĶ飬һ֧ɰɣһ֧ȫİˡ
ֻҪָ֧ȨⲻְɣΪǰ徳֮˵ޣҶμͬʱһϡĿǾȻʵǿؽҶμƵҲòǱӶ꣡
İһͷվ˳ȵǾԲûұľģѰĶ齻ָӣſԱ֤⣬Ҷһ־㹻ʵ֤һ㣡
жһ־ĿҲͷǶҪмֵ
ܹƴ̫Ǹ¾ҪһǧһΣҶĸԸҪǲ׵ȥҾԲԸ
ǣ˵Ǹ޳ʵ߾Ҳôˣ涼¶һôдһģòƣǴҶڲƭɣ
ģ޳ҲǿˣЩ˶ϢӶҪѰǿߡ
ΪԼһֱæʼûмЩˡǣЦЦ˳λҾ޳

ʱȫ˰֮УһӰ޳λе꣬Ҳǳ˺档
ʱ˲¶ʧɫ꣬пǰô
Ƕһ־ǲмСӣ㼱ڱֶ̬νҶڲƭĲˡڼѾŲȥˣ¶ˣ


605 ࣡
ţ
޳Ƴһۣ˵ǰѰ֮ˣһǰκβھ뿪
ΣڶһȻҪ뺳ǿɲһ֮¡
뵽ԼǱĴڣ޳ҲѹĴԣҪǰַͬڵǿ߶ֶһ־
㡪
һ־ɫ࣬ôҲǰ徳ǿߣȴû뵽޳Ȼ˲ӡ
ŭŭȵСӣԼҪҲȥܣǣͬڿЦΪԼԵʣЩֵܶպڶû˿԰жԿڣ֪ǵȺ
ߵ飬޳αҪǿԱõɱڡ
ǣɫʵΣ
ߣʶúģ
һ־߷ߵصҪҲֻ֣ҪܹȫһУӵϿɵʵҾͿԳĵλĻͽָȨɣ
޳ȻĻĵԭȻЩ߷߲ƽҲʧЦ
ȫһУһ־֪֪Լڶ˭˵ƾ徳ɵʵҪѣ
ô㲻ôһ־ǳĬ˼Ц
ҿˡ
Ȼһֳ֣Ƚһԡ
źһΰӰ̤һ̤Ƿɳһֻİ׻ǰ׻ͨնΪ֮űݣ
Ȼɴĵ۶ɣңǰ׻Ȼʵһ㣬ϵضԿ֮
һһ־ɫͱˣиֳһ˿֮ɫ̤һ
Хһ׻գŨҵķХ࣡
ƴӻһ̣޾Ҫһ㣬գ
ȡ
һ־ݺݵ˿ĭ֮ɫһתΪɵ
һ
һ־ɫұ䣬ͷհȻİ׻˹֣Ϊսһ־ԶԶ
һ̤徳ɣˡ
ļԪѦģ
һۣŶһ־˵ͷջ˰׻޳Ц֣þòĲϣûд֡
޳ȵؼѦĵΪȻѾﵽ˰벽֮
ڴؾ֮еıֱ֣ر뵽Ѧص޳򣺡Ѧĳ֮ң
ᣬݼ޴硣Ѧת
ѦĲڣĿĴߴ֮£ε˳ȭѦ޴磡
޳ЩӣҲ֮ˣżʱ޳Щм
֪صġʡȻֻǳս˵СʱǺ޵ҧгݡ
ȴû뵽Сﾹһ棬մﵽȽԼ󼰵ĸ߶ȣ
ֲؿĳ仹ûеִ硯ɵ𡣡޳ЩԸЦ
ѦĮɫֳһ˿ŭ⣺ᣡֵĽԪΪҲнյΪֵֶܵĴѵһ绹û㣿
º޳֪ѦõһŴУֻŴĵĲֱҪΪﵽ۷ſԴ򿪡
Ȼ츳׿һʱҲ޷ﵽ˸߶ȣڴؾֱʱõ޳͵ĽԪΪһ·
ȥ֮˳ش˴УΪһٽĳ̶ȣ
Ԫ֮УǿΪɱζŸĻᣬõĴĿԣ
Ҫǣõ֮󲻾ãѦյһ徳ǿ߾ѰҺΪĻֵ˶Ҫ군
ԣ޳ǵĶֱǻ֮
ǡ
һΣѦĸԸذµ޴硣
Դˣ޳ЦЦ㽫֮ûйؽܾѦĮȻµɨѦģֵĵλ˭˲
û˵һ־壬οˣ
һ־죬е㲻ϾղųֵѦģ޳
ڴʱһϵ𣺡ǸѦСӣ˼ҪǲΣ
ΰԵЩǸһֱ֣ըÿһ˶ߣ˶Ĥֱ
ѦıˣǸոյõУǿ벽֮ˣջڷǳĲΡ
ȳÿһֶԲޱȣÿһֶʵʰա
ѿ˰벽ӽ򾳵ż
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תۼ䣬ģ죬һһһһֵӰֵƣȵ¾ԶǧɣҲܽǱһ㡪
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߸ͺǿǳһ˿ЦݣģҴ֣߳Щ˲߹ѡ
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612 Ľȣ
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613 
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񶼵츳Ȼ
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614 СүҲᣡ

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615 һƳ
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쾧ܵ˼ĴݲУǹɴĿĹâУһضѿǵȵɿȻеĽƬȫĥΪ촷ۡ

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ܲȴ̼ռһϺɫѪ˳ŭָ޳㣬ħ


616 ֻںϣ

һ䣬еı仯ɲ֮䣬Ǳ߸ͺߵɫһҡ
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һ˫ɫ棬ȻĽ֮𣬵Է죡

Хʱ޳ȫ̸УŨȫ˿һ˿ɫӰ
һ޾ıϢֱնյýΣԲǧеϢֻʣһƬȡ
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617 ؼң

ȫ޷ֿؿڣƲһ˳ȥǰһƬڣ³۳ױ١
ٿ޳ĺɫɢӡبŴڣɢɶҡϢǰǰ
תӡ
˶ǵһԱڤķɷӡͺ߸Ǿɫ桪
ϣ޿ӵеתӡֻʮö֮¾۷ڵתޣҲˡ
һöתӡҪ뿿Ǻķѵľ޳Ҫ֮о˲п鿼飬Ҳǲͻơ
ʹͻƣÿǰһҲǼΪѡȻֱõתӡǿΪÿһöתӡҪɹס
ڱڤ֮УʥЩϹ״ӣ¾ǵõתӡûа취
ԣڼ޳Ȼһٻöתӡʱ˶ˣǧĿɿڴΣղҡҡͷ
㣬ʲô
񶼱һ֮򵱳ھǱյЩѣ
һ̣Ѿ޷һ˿޳ȴ̤Ʊˣȫûܵ˵ӣ
һ̣˾Ҳû˰޳е˼ֻʣһǾǡ

˵֮ڽΪʷ򲻸ȴڣ
޳ʳжָöӡǿһɢؽ㡪
㲻ɱңĸ֮ˣľ˾ˣɱңǾǷףɱ¾𳤣ؽܵ⵽ǴǶı񶼴
޳Ųһ١
񶼼״ϲΪץ˶ԷˣһҪıܣкìܣԻţɱ¾ӵܣΨܶң
һɱңǾǳ׷ԼΪıܣͲˣ޳ҪôǷ߱ס
𣡡
û˵꣬޳ֺݺһץһ۾ѪһƬ
飿Ļ˵飡һȺ߹޼ңүүǿдĸףû飿
ūͣҪΪϵսˣû飿
ǲ徳ɵǿߣԶս׷ɱңû飿ڡ
еֶʩûз̵ĻᣬȻ͸飿㾹Ȼ˵飡飡
޳ݺݵһƳϣǿ÷˳ȥչ֮
һȭ޳һǰһѿסԴصһϥײ˳ȥ

ƺߣڸ飬һѪ˳ĶһţޱȵѪ޳ȫûа֮
һȭһȭ
޳䣬ް֮⣬ʮĺޣʮŭ˿̣й
뵽үү϶յʹ࣬뵽˸ŭХ뿪սʧٲı࣬뵽ĸҹҹ˼ܵĥ
񶼣Ҫ𣡡
һɱ¾Ե޳ȭͷᣬʹ䡪
㲻ɱңҪɱңĸ׾Ҫ񶼴
޳͵һȭͷڵգ

ץס޳Ѩ޳²ϿѪ¶˵ЦݣɱңҾҪĸᣡ
޳صشϢҰһâ޲ܽ޳С˸ȥ
Ǽ޳⸱ģ⣬Ȼˣҽĸ״ǸֵĳŮ˸Ҵ
֮УʮӰͻȻ֮⸡֣Щһɫʿ磬ʵѴﵽ˰֮
ʵ޳ǻˣɱǣ˸ҶΪУǰΧ֮УЮһŮӣ
䣡
޳Դһը¾Ǹǧɽˮ޾±ǨҲһʶǵӰǵӰԼԺ޷ǵŮӡ
Լĸף

һ𺰳޳Ҳ˫кȻѪᣡȵĿϲޱȵĽʮ׶ĵʹ
һеһУһ
Ůһ¶һ˿ȻЩ͵ͣ޳ϡ
һƲŵĻϲҲǼڲڲ촽Ҳڲǣҵĳ

޳һǵӰǵ϶ǲѪ۵Ӱ޾ĺޣ޾ŭ޾ĿǳΪһ䣺ؼң


618 䣡
ؼң
񶼺ȻһЦڴڵѪղ޳Ƥ⣬߹ǡڸ鲻١
Ҫ޹ӵط˿̿òˡ
ˣҲǷǳҡҡλεվʱܵȥһ㡣ǣ˵⣺㻹Ů˻ؼң룬ֱ浽ˣ
£
񶼶Ȼһȣҹ¿ͷ鵤ʶҿһĻھҪ
˶סˣʲô˾ȻóֶΣ
޳ܣֱ̫޳ˣһɵļ̳ˣȻó˱ɵֶΣ
浺ҲӿֳһƬ벻м֮ɫ̵ģҸӹȻһĲǶ
䣬ֻ֪޳Ϊ˾ȻԼĸ׾˶ٿ࣬˶޳ĿУĸסֳĺ壡
æ޳ǧܴӦ
޳͵̧ͷ˫ͨ죬۽ǾƶҪѣһִбų㣬˵ʲô
ߣűݣ
ЦڴڵشҪǲӣھͿǽǸŮɱ
ν飿Լ׽в⣬ν屾ܣ޳ŭûⶼѱһͷӺĳޡ
ȫûа߲֮ɫ飬ҲҪֵýϣĸӵĴڣĨ˶ٺڣ֣ǲڵĴУߺߣΪڻظضǽ𣿡
ǱߣʿЮŵĸǰʲô飬󺰣ҪҪģҪ
ûвԼĸף
¾ʮ겻Ѫ黹ڵһʱ䱻ȼĸ˵¾ҪԼһָȡԼǾԸ⣡
οҪΪϣԼУ
Уԣ
Ůˣڱ죡
񶼱ȣͷ͹𣺡Ҫ㲻֪ܣ͵͵ߣ޸ս˵¼֮ˣͲֹ󣡸֮㣬ȫһ֮˽
Դʮǰǿдأ˼ϣͶҡڳ׾ˣ
ϸֳһ˿֮⣺Ҳ֪ܣ˭ԼŮ޸ϲˣȥȡһö໯򵤣ǲ죬Ȼָң
ʮĿ࣬Ժܶ鶼ˣǾζܹ˳ˮ
ˣ
һ飬ض޳ȵ򲻹ٲ£ɱŮˣ
޳ɫ࣬ɫֱ˶ɡ
Ǳĸصһҧϸֳһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
أشһжǸŮ˵һֱۣɫ
ж׵
Ȼ޳ŭشһֱһӱһץ񶼵壬͵һ˺

໣
񶼲ʹ󺿣ұ۶޳ץ˺۵۽ǳ鴤𣺡֣Ҷ֣Ҫܱڣ
֪޳֮ĸԼΨһĵƣֻҪץУͲ޳ܷ죡
ԣǿסʹСжһ֣ǸҽǸŮֶֻնϣ
徳ʿɫһûǶ֣ͻȻ
ݣ
һɫӰӵ𣬺ݺݵһȭ˳ȥ
ۣۣ
徳ʿûܷӦǷһȭЮƥ˪֮صԴ֮ϡ
һǵԴ漴򱬣
ಣһг֣ǵӰһ̲ͣӳʮȭÿһȭǿС
ȭ£ʯд۵ϣһһеʿ򱬣
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һҸ˶Ǵһղž˽Ϊ޳ؽܵвȣòӦʱȴȻȭ
ңϢ֮䣬һеֶ٣Щʿͳͳ򱬣
ǵ޳ǳƣһģһӰʱǽס棺Ԫս壿˵¾Ԫս壬ûдﵽгɵĻҲ̫ã
ңЩʿԪսҲûа취Ϣ۽ûа취ӵصԾͻȻ
ҲǳԶһţԶԶذʿԷһȴûϵ޳ֶΡ
㣬㵽ħ
۾һƬ˾޳Լĺޣһв⣬ǽԼǱˡ
Ӱһѱĸٵս֤˾԰ȫ
޳ؽҧһ£ˣħ죬㶼
ץ£ͻȻ
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ǵѣݷħӵɽʼҵز
ɽ䣬ڵϣ¡¡ֱ졣ôõľȥЩɽҳһᡭ
ɽγɵ֮УһֲϢȴǻ𣬺εĹһ㣬ȫ֣
䣬Ϯ


619 ɱɱߣ
ʲô
ʲô˾ˣ
⣬ǣͻ򾳣
һ˶ǽͶͶɽ̮֮
ԭȣߴֱƵɽȻݣһͨ޽ͻȻһ㣬ֱѳһĿӶ
޾ĳȹâԼУǿӶϷһǳأǳ֮ǧƴɱÿһɱʩչжһɫѤ⡣
棬ñǿֻǡ
ɷɷӡ˫Ȼз죬һĨ֮ɫ
ԭǰֻǱʩ޳Ա붯Է־Լֶͷʱʲôƨڣ֮ɱ
ȴû뵽ڵ˾ˣȻԼҲûܴ߼ʵġֶΣ
һؾȵĻǵҲˣġתޡط޲һδս񾭼ޣǰֵһĻһ

Ʒ򣡣
һӸͺ߿зϲؿЦǺһͻƣ£

һƺӵ˶أ¾񶼣ҲֻǱĴ߳ƺһˡ
ڣֳܹƺߣΨλһֽλ趫жһƵġ
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װĺǳػգԼпԼıʿ鼤ңϵؾеı
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һ̤ǽҲƿأǳأÿһ磬ҪһռΪ֮ݣ
ϲƷ󽮡ͺ߹صȻ֮ǰʩչаֶͫΣΥءѾ˩һϵƣҪҳ£Ҳֲ˺ô
ο̫һͻӵоƷպضǰ;ǿ߸ùϵбҪ
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ҵģ龹Ҳκβֻǵص޳Ѫҵˡ㲻˵֪㲻ԸϣҲգҲһ׸ɡ
ȷʵĸЩǷȻҲƻô࣬͵һЩɡڣ㽫񶼽ңȻ˳ȥ
һ˵õȫһӦǻһһǷķּκ˶أ
ǣ˳ȥ
޳Լĸףģһ𣺡ĸܵһǷֲҲʳӣΪ˱Ů޸ϲˣԼΪɾͣϧʮܾ꣡ӥ֮࣡ΪҪҾôˣʲôʸҪˣ
һȳ֣޳ס񶼵ֻսǿյײǣѪֱͷ
ſ񶼣ҿ뿪ڣ
̫ɫһõصҴ͸ǵһλᣬٸһУǶҪ¸ᣡ
ۿ˸ǿӲΪҲһٴﵽ˾Ʒ֮в¸ֳϣ֮⣬ȿȵŬ𣺡㣬ſڣĻ
ԣ
޳һֱֺ̫ݺݵ£ʯ񶼲ѣ
棬̫˫һ
޳һ˦񶼵֮ϰգһָһµը÷ǣ
Ԫսûüӳһ飬ǿаͫȻԪߣ
ʼգ޳ǿ̫һУ
ڶԷȻ͵УǸֳһ˿Сүһˣڣֵҿôᣡ

޳ٶںݺݵس̫һǺݺݵİƣ
ǺãȻ㲻Ȱ棬£ֻǽɱˡ
̫һ٣ȵɱλնɱӣ
ˣˣˣ
Ӱͻأسֵ䲻ɽӶκ˶ûܿǱվ̫
ͺ˱ϲ֪˸̫ͻȴû뵽ȻǵɵǾɱλɱ֡
ɱɱɱ
ɱþΪǿɣÿһ˶ǾսˣʤͬΪ֮ˡ
󣬵ƾն֧
ս֣˲̣


620 ڣɱ㣡
һ̣Ǽ˵ķɷӣҲǲЩǡ
ɱõǿܱԡɱΪɱһս
ܹӵнյᵽǣڤսɱ֮û
û뵽Ǵ̫ӣȻɳɱͷǿǰͻ򣬸ս
λɱߣնɱ˴ӰɣҲǼ֮ꡣ˵񶼣̫ǵģȫûа㱯ʹ֮ɫ
ղ޳ɱ񶼣ҪԶԶɥ֮ʹ
֮
ɱɱɱɱȣһ̤ǰر޳ȰԲãֵУضѣ
һҲᵽŨŨѪϢǰվŵ˲ǻˣ˲֪Ұޡ
ѰϢŵ˫սҲܶˡ
޳ֻĮȻؿһۣ赭дصǲҪնɱ֮ˣҲȰÿ
ǣ
޳ı֣õһ㶣ЦǱһЩСʤͷԣ׸㲻ԼĽˡΪЩôװǻŵģ
޳Ҫնɱڣ
̫ҲˣҡҡͷһƬźϧ˱
Ҫɱ㣬ƾˣ·޳Ҳǵڣ̧ǰȥ
ԣɱŭˣرһķɳһϸĽɫޣ޳ͷ
һХʳ˷飬ͷһɽ屻УҲҪķѣɷĩο
޳Ųٶ٣ֻǶϺһСǣ
𣡡
ʱһĿŭһ־ֱ飬ѹƵ˼άҪͣ٣
۳ͱٱӴһֱգֹͣ
󣬺žһǽɫޱ÷˻ȥСβ͵ನγһˣصس˻ɱؿڡ
ۣɱһѪǱڵУˡһ¾ͷ˳ȥ
СȻոսãս涼Ҫѷɫھɱõɱߣ츳̫ˣһѪɣֱӵоƷ硱
ȴɱսٲҲŰɱ
ɱֲ㾹ȻǱ˵ƣ
ɱŭһȭӳƬƬѪɫâ֣ӳУͷ·ǰһƬѪ񵱳Ҫ־
⣬ǽ似ĴɱУ
ϧһɱȫûֹס޳Ĳӣͣûܰ쵽
ǵӰǾٲУֻǵɱٽһϺȣӰ
ݣ
ӰԾնһӭȥ޳ɡۼڳ˭޳ǿԣɱĹЧ
˫ȭƽһ񺷵𶯲ңңشݻһɽͷ
Ӱʱ̫һʧȥƽȵľ벻˼֮ɫ
ߣħɱֲҵҪ㻹ʲôֶΣɱԾһƵĺɫش̳Զ޳ѾʩչֶΣòԼһս
ǣڿԾӰ޳ֻһ𾴵̧ǧɷİӿע룺ǰ
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ҶӰƮȻգ޳İΪټȻĽ־ȫ߶֮£ųǧѤýâ
ݺᣡХ죡
֮¶һɣ
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δѱƵ˱ᣡ
ۣ
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ˣҲܴᣡ
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һ棬ɱ¾㣬֮ľɱɱ߱شҶ֣֮
˵𾪣ǣ𾪵ǵӰ
һһƣ̤
꣬׻жٵδƿ
ͷΨһͷ֮ǰ񱬷񶼣̫ٻľɱûһӰ֮£Ƿ׷顣
꣬һ̶˸ļڡ
޳ٲ̫ǰƽƽ³˼֣ڣɱ㡣
򵥵ļ֣޾֮ϵǰ˵һԻȴͷˡ
˵ɱ㣬ɱ㡣
صã


621 Ļħ
ȻҪԳɱ㣬Ǳɡ
̫򶨵ȣ·ɱ˱ȫûиκϰһŵý顣
䣡
ǳظ֣ǧʿȻ趯һԼ֮һƬ޾ĽԶ
Ʒ󽮣
ݣ
̫ұһεصĻâֱӴһա
Ԫ󣬾ĵؽ
޳һϺȣī֣˲һƬڣ˾Ժڰ֮Сǧɷӳǵ֮֮趯ӭϡ
ˣ
ݵĽͳˣ֮ǵɫâ֣м䲻ϱűĵ⡣
ÿһɳڿ˺һѷ죬һ̣ռܵسͷ˺ۣ
㣬̫ԶĿ޳̫һһ٣Ȼ
䣡
ǳذεط𣬵Ƴ죬ͬһ䣬޳һ٣īƵĹâʱѹƵһ࣬ǻâƴǣɶ
һǾƷ򣡡
ɫأҧ޺޵үǲۣ֮ôƷ򣡣
޳ȻǬ֮ԪڶأǶһ֮ûп󻯣ƾšĵؽӵеսֻ൱ڼƷ򣬾̫ľƷһΡ
ԣһǽ֣ȫѹƣ
֪㻹ӵתΪʲôֶεƾһʩչɣ
̫һͷɫ䵱գһĹâ֮ζһӸµ̬
ǰ޳īѾȫѹƣֲֻԲ·𡭡
һ˲īпܱ
Ҳǵȴ޳ʩչǾ춯صӡǡ
ӭ̫޳ȴǵĮһЦԸ㣬ض
ͣͣ
Ȼ䣬һƴķ˳ͬʱȣԪ飬ң
ղ񶼱򱬣ǿаͫ˳޳ץġ˿̣а֮ͫе߶ǺƱ֮ʣһɾ΢
أ޳һĸ򣺲ֻ
ֻؾģ
аȣīƵ֮ԼֳһԲ̣Բּ̺̣˵Ϣ
Ϣ˴˲ƣ·һ˽һȴҪ˴Ӿĳ֮иק

ֻأԲ
ʲô
̫ɫڱˣԲֵ̳ĵһʱ䣬ԼҲѹƲס޳
䣡
֪֮У󽮵ܵǿӲĵƣңһ͵ī֮б
һ˲īȻը̫ѹ֮޷֧šһ̣ٶȳͣҳʮǿȻһ±ǿȻ˶ȥ
㡪
ֻ̫ü³һ֣īǺݺݵصһ½ȫ𿪣飡
ټȻɢɫһӱޱȲ԰ף޳֮ڸֳһĨŨŨļɵ
ԣ
޳һе֣޼ʩչһ֮¾̫ǰָӡصһȭߵ¡
һȭʩȻûκֻֻȭͷǸֶ䡣ǣȭ۴Լֳĵ⣬ȴɿһȭǻʵ¾һƬҲҪɾ
̫ǱУذֻ֣һ;
죡
ȭٿþˣ⣬һɲƽ̫ؿڡ
žһȭͷ֮ʣ̫Ȼըһɢݷɿ

޳һȭֱնǴ򱬣һʮɵԲοնеȵȣȫɶ룬׵ɢ
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λλ
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УŸʦΣʱʩչһСλλޱȹضһɱС
ڣ̫ͬʹ˴УңʦҪʤ
뵽ʦġˡ޳׿϶ԼĲ²⡪
̫Ļħ
Ȼˣ
Ԫ޳ҪСģÿһħֶζǷͬСɣһضеûн¶
޳ͷ֮һƬأؿǰ
٣ǣ
̫ŹֵһЦεصͷϣҡ
˶٣ֵֺα˵ңǣγһˣ
һĨޱֵɫӿ֣ǣͬ尡


622 壡
Ϊ˵ͿȴһĻȰ㻹Ǳ׷ˡ
޳Ϊνġͬ塱ָԼӵеѪԵص
̫ϵЦԽ죺ˣصúãǸԼݡЩҪˣ㼴һˡ
ʱ򣬸˵ȶԾˣӣ浺ħ֮ħΪ˽⣡
ңΪǧصԵʣ浺ԪˣǶħʹ
¼̫⸱Źֵ飬ټʩչʱǹԵħϢһĻĻһʶħ̫㾹Ȼħ
һ𣬽˵עǶ򣬵걱ڤҲܵħ岻ٵӣֻǳ̶һЩˡ
ԣɷɫһ䣬ȻͺߣǴڿгϢȻƴάħ壬ѵ˵һģ׼ȥħ߹ˣ
ƨ
ͺɫãʵʩչаڡֶʱԼѾò
ем˵򲻿ܳϵģκһռ֮ڣܳԼħйأ
ѪˣΪˮڸǵôһȺòȻļһ
ǵϣǵһңɷ϶ʱӿֳŨŨɱ
Ǻǣλ߲ؼ籾ǿдܿܡǲ˭ħ˭壬ʤһſ
̫֪ĵһɫۣϳŵɫָָ޳ɱ˴ӣǽЩ֪νͳͳնɱʱʲôħ壬˭ں
ˣ
أһɻϵϢǹɰԵϢһ֣˷Բһɻͻս١
һ̣ڵؽ磬˲ޱģ뵽һƬޣ
䣡
һɱϢ̫ӿ֣һɵ޵졣
һ򣿡˶һѵСӣһﻹڵɱͭӣ
ǻмּʶ
̫ЦУͻȻһֻͭӣ֮ܲƣĻĹʱ޳㡣
Щ·ǴһѰ
٣ȻѵҲ򣬵˵ĸоһһֲȻѹƲס
ǣͭ˵ĸоֻһƬϢ
Դӵõɱʮ꣬ǿŹ˰̫ظͭӣнһĨŨҵɱӿ֣
ʮꣿ
޳Ȼͷһһʶ뵽һؼ顪
ûеϸ˼ֳִ̫ͭӣƿɱ΢Σһ޵ڿ趯ԩ
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У֮ǰս󡱵ǿ߱ѾˣǸǱɡ

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623 ħ̫
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ԣÿһֻ꣬Ǳѹե˸ɾսҪһǿߣ֮սᱻɱο壿
ˣʡ˱һֽš
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ʩչЩʱΪһӴĺɫɿע뵽޳壬ͨ뵽Ԫ֮ڡ
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޳ȥ뺣ͻХ֣
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633 ػӣ
䣡
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繬Ǵȥڤ򣬴·Ҫã޳ʵ
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634 ɷ䣡

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Ԫս֣ɷȷʵ⣬Է䳰һͨ
ڴ֮ĵĹ涨Ǿǡ֮䲻û๥ػ֪ͨĲ࣬ЩѰ߶ԣԼҲ󡣡
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޳һע⵽ɷõǡۣ
·ƿ߶ڤӵƲȨʲôǿߣҲʲôλֻܰǵĹĻֻһ֡

ǺεȵİǺεȵ磿
ƿ߾ݴԪ򣡡
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˼ȳƣȻţɫ۹յͦ㣬ѷֱľ䡣
״ˣղЩ˺ǺɷģӵǸɷӣʵѾﵽгɡȻԪսǰʵҲˣΪѾΥ棬֪ΪηŹǣ
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˿һĻֻ»ᾪΪʿΪ򾳣
Ϊͣ
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˵˼ǣǷ۵Ԫս屻٣ɷйأʿе㲻ʵۿֻһɷԪսҲ򾳴ɣɷôܡ
սǲ֪ʵˡ
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ʱ޳һ˺ɷΧңңģǺɷؽ磬һغɫڶϣԼγһ
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636 ɷ
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⻰һɷоⱬϲ֮ɫ¶Ƕ۵һ˿֮ɫ


637 гɣ
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ɷһ⻰˾ǲ޳Ƕκһת˵ǵöԷȥ
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һĻʱ÷ɷϲؽԭһ˲˲ض޳ƣŵҴ

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ǣȡԻڵģֻ֮ͫͻϢҪǿ̫ࡣʹǱŴĿƺҪݺݵҧ޳һڣҧЩΡ
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׼ԸȥͻȻһ𣺡նյã¹棡
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638 ɷ٣
նյǽںɷʵ֮Ǵﵽгɣ
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641 Ƶ
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޳һڰƬЩƬ羧ӯƮ֮У޾İ·񷶼Уǡ
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סͻȻһᣬʱ޳տٵسһն
ݣݣ
ХһŨгڵ֮ǰɣХն޳

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ңһΪгǾͱҪнĻսҲ޷󻯡
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޳ƽݣȭл飬մ
С޳޳ҲǱȭ
ؿһ޳նкȻӿһǿҵԤУҪ˶ã޳֮ؽ𶯱ڤ
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ɷҲ֪Ҫ޳ĴڣɷĿȨɾҪˡ
ǵӰûж˵ʲôֻеĸм֮ɫŨû
ȴ縸ӣɷӮöԼ
һ飬ֵúɷȥ
λ֣пյĻǰǼͣȫ±ضɨӿ޳ǱȻ⽻ˡ
޳ҲľߺøУֵһ
Ⱥ޳ͷ⣬սֻҪҵȾͲˡ֮ҵݷã
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ڴʱ͵̧ͷһĨݵĵ֮ɫ֣ӣΪߵ𣡣


644 Ⱥһ壡аڣ
ץס
޳;öȲԾղȻڶսˣעдǷ˴Ůϡ
ÿһʵǸߴг򾳣¸ǧǿӣݣȾȻҷݻ
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ڷӣνϻҲʱסһλֹӶݡ
ˣ޳ķӦҪһں֮ǰ޼ʩչһαǣֱ۱˶ȡ
ôһūҿǳԲء
ʱ¶սȻһµķɣ޵һЦ֮оȻǰΪĻ󡪡
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ʱһ𣬺Ǿװը˼Ӷϣʱǡ
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һҽУȵȻ򱬣ɲǼ䱬ը
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ÿʼݣ֮һߵʼ裬ɷУ
ȣѽа֮ұؽΪ빦
ЦУʮӰգŨŨаǺѹǣ


645 ֣

ɷԪսոճͼһĻ鲻䡣ע⵽аӰʱһĺӿ㣡
һ˾һɫ壬׶ʵʵظţֱ治˴˵
ǣΪһ˵ͼΪŹ֣ұ۸߸߹ţװһֻ޴ļ֫㣬ǳ
ˣӳڽɷǳڳپ֮ͫǸӾ˵ף
һôˣɷƤֱĺⱬ
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ղŶᵽˡаǵʱȻ֮£ԣӵ˲δ˼
ڣһ˳֣ߵޱȵаʱһЩļ䣡ӿ˼ȵĿ־壡
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аһĨ֮ɫЦаڲ࣬˽յĻᣬ׾ͱƽ⣬̫Цô
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պݺݵصͷһԹŹֵĳλɫضżӰŨ֮ɫз𣺡壬ƾҲ빥۴ˣ̫ˣ

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һȣһ۱ͳͳɣ¶һų֮ɫף˿ֱײ˼ӣӾ׼ӲӲ

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һֻоĲǼ򵥵ۣһ֧Ͷʯǿ͵ľȫкݺݵ

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ȳҿһۣȻɫ۴ˣҪҪң
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646 
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նͬʱһмؿ޳һۣǲɫ絶һƣҲĲ
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ŻȻԭǰܵа˵ָʹЩ飡ǴĽΪ飡
ȫǳţȷĽ˿ܶҡ֡
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ȻԪ֮ԣаͫΪֱһλ֮ʿԷһŽȳɷ飬ҷЦ
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ǣǾ޴ѹȻˮкذ䣬ٵӶѹ֮¿ڱŨŨѪܿһ֮̾ǡ
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ѹ֮ǰҪҪõɷһĿȨԭõɷĲаڣ
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תռһƬ谵
϶һƬ֮ɫƸ޷һֻһ֣ǣôȴȥҲֻбһ;

ƺֻֽԷǳһ˿ݵĻȡ
ͻȻ
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ֺһǸֶŵһץţСȽһ屬˵գֱץԷۡ
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647 ˫аͫ
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648 ΪĶ

Хһնīɫˮ֮ϡǣˮֻǵһתܿͣվȻ˿

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в͸صĴ֮ʿ̳ڵѯʦ紵Ƿڶֻڶ
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ԷǱ࣬ĲﲻĶ
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ϧȽһΣǽ֮
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ҲЩΪȣһںɷУԶĺ⣬˿ڷɷӣ
նôĵҪնɱū𣿡ˮĴ۾һؿնӡ

ն֪Ȼ֮ˣԳʱѱ۾ȴû룬˻ûܶ󹥻
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650 磡
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651 ֮ͫ

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Ⱥһˣкɷ֮ˣмˣ֮ǰ˵ĳ½ӺȻҲУ

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ǳپȻԣе㲻Ըӣֻǰ˸ϣŰȥ֮е㻳벻ؿ޳
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653 ɷ
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ΪһɷǿߵĿԣٶۣҲֵõģ
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654 ʧ֮
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ǣһˣղŻڷŭʦһЦСӭȥƤЦʦ˭ǵôģǧӡ
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˵ЩԹΪ֤ԼԷ飬޳Ľ㵤ݸǰˡ
ԲҲ֪ʦΪѣǺݺݵһۣӰһʺһģѧᱧԹģߺߣʦңЩϲߣСӻԹǲǣ
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һΪֻһɹ͵İ裬ްʵõļֵҪ뱣ЧǿԳ֣ץסǧ֮һ˲ļ϶֮ԼΪϡƿװ
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ҪǴ²Ϊ͸ϽӣΪϺ󡣡īĵѵ⴦Ǳʱ֪Լ˳Բ¡ԷԸȥԭõĴӣҲҪһλгɵĶԱ
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698 ֲļһ
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699 
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˭֪أѾͷ˵Ѿʸݰ񣬾ΣҪˡ
ī뵽ǸһãһͷۣתעЦؿˣҵһ飬ղĳ˿Ǻܴӷ緶ء

æһװɵô֪ǺǣãôүǵŮǰһС˵ġ
˵ţ˸ߴӵı飬īתӡ
Сͷܣ
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ΪӵԵʣֻǶӳƾʵ۷ø߰ĶҼ̳˵ͷҪߵ츳ս
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޳ָ㣬ʱѩһ濾һѩԭزʨҲǼƷˣϸ壬ڼǳóԡ
˼飬ݸˣǶ˼ԼҲзݣ޾ȻһоȻЩܳĸоæͷؽӹ
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700 ѪĻ
޳ҲǳһһھҺȥоȫôһƿܲİ൱һ֮ͨͫˣ
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ں˾֮ҲһĿ⡣ΪտһڹȥҲЩѬѬȻˡ
ҺĴ߶֮£Ҳ˿յļɵض׵˾⣬ʼԼľóؽ
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һСɶԱصӲҪѰҵĻҲҳһǾǷʮǰġѪ䡯һ¡
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701 
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702 ڸ
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703 
ʲô˼һ䡣
һšһĨȻЦݸֶʲô˼ǱжôǸò᲻֪ɣѩԭҲѵһǾô뿪Ҫǽ˴ϢȥĶ飬ǵʧȥ˭ֲ
ǱơӡɷıرԭϣЧɷʮⲢζţķѼʮļ۸񣬾֮ܽ򵽡
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705 ּԻ
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ǱڤǽòءЦģһָϵĴ̣ղţҼʱԮ̣ΪԼܱסһ𣿡
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˺޺޵غȵӲҪǿֶȡǱվȻвԸǱһ䲻ҪǻǷ
˵ţͽеĽǱ˳ȥ

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706 ڸ
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707 ܶɽ
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708 
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709 һ
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ΪҼ̳ˣݳŵνˣǻеļᶨǾˡ֮˸мҪΪī
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Ǳ޴ԴеѪһ˲ȫǣǵͨ죡


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716 үĲҽ
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㣬߷רעκζʳֻżҧĹޱȼӲֻխı߿ͨڣֱֻ취
۵ЩΣϸض޳͵;һˡǿϧˣѡ˵һ֣Ļл᳢ζ
ı֮мΪź·޳˴õļ
޳⣬ɨ˶ھ۾ص㣬ղŭƽķˡ
ԣȴûһջ
޳ԼˣڵΪѵԼӦ̫ˡ
Ȼ۵Ĵ֤ʵĲ²⣺Դ⴦Ҳ죬ܹõҲʮҪƾһ֧ʮҪķѵʱɾ̫ˡ
ԭˣ
ԼѡڶַĻȻڵõҪһ룬Լһ
ѡ˵һ֣ǾͲ֪Ҫòˣʱ仹ҪԶ졭
԰ɡ
޳ϥ£һ˦׼ض˱֮Уʼרĵصʵںˮ֮еʲô;Ȼ˶ǿΪ֮ԡ
Ҳ«ʼ˴ܵǵȷΧѬȾ˭Ҳû˵·ưƵġ
ǣһĻ澰ˡ
Բ԰չ֮£һȺ˾شһ˶ĵ׷
ʱˣ޳֣Ѷȷʵ֮Ҫ̽һ֮µΣ֮󣬾˿޷͸ոսӴˮͱ˻
·εķԵһ̽⡣
Ķӣ㴿ײһص㣬ѹֳɹʲˡ
޳⣬ΣҲֻҡͷһ;ˣ벻ʲôð취
ʱһһš
Ȼһ𣬽˺ݺһ׷ŭĿȥ
ǻΪǷʲôش¹ʣȴ໴󺰣ƣɷүˣȥʲôʱǸͷ̵ıֱȥץʹ죡
˵ӺؽԲ˺ϣȻֱ˱֮Уҡү;ˣ쵽ү
˶͵طһǰۣҲʵ̫ƷˣҪɵǴ֮ǰĿغʲô
޳ȻʧЦҡҡͷȥˣ
ûйȥã໡һٶ
һ߰˶ȵɧǵĲ˾֪һӣ
һ£˵ıǿ׶ˣɻšȻ֮еЩ⣬ǱϾܹѲ˱ܵϰԡ
èһزҽô£Ӵҵ̫ô
໣໣໣
ϣӼʶȤ˿ᵽ˷飬һһȫλ񣬲̹˼ܽе˵ǡ
ߣ
ѾƣҪֽݺݽѵˡǳϣǽת޳ЦЩ˲صƢԣѾŴˡ
໣ӻڴ󺰡
ˣ
ڣһ̲סˣվŭȣۣòỹҪɣ
ɫѿѾŭҲס
һǳһ˿ȻĻȣȻˣҡ
໣ˣôĹˣ̵ӵĵ˱ùļһ
ûŭ꣬Ǳӷһͨ쳹ذƿڴ
һȫ
͡


717 
ӣҪһ
һռʹڲڣǺĵ֮Уܵ˱˫üһŭӿ
ģ
Ӻ˿ûвͣһн֮ʣӴһұ͵شӱгƴ˦
У
˶ǵһ
¾һն͵ͣ˽Ų֮еıŭȫʧ֮һƬǰš
Ӱ׺ұۣէ֮ƺϸ۲ɷ֣澹ȻҧһС㣡
ЩֻСָϸֱͨһ͸ɫϸעΪֻһЩС⣡
ǣһյѾգÿһ˷ܰ죬ϴ
̵ģԭҧүүһǣŭ־Ҫ¡
Ҫ
һ£һգ۶Ǿ󺰡
ৣ
һյٶȼ죬δ
üӡ߿תӡһŤǿӵָס
һץסӵұָۣС·Դϡ䱦㣬Щһֻֻȡ
һγɵԲЩ棬Ծݣ޳һ
ע⵽Щƺ̺һֵд͸Զʮɣõһ˿˿ۣ
ѹ֣ӸղŽеǰңԭǴˣȷȷʵʵоۡ
ιιģ˵ֻҪʮǳˣ
ֱ׳غһƬԾԾԣôСĶҲ֪졣
һҧҧ˳ʣµʮ˷䣺һʣµĺڰһ
ȵҲǷİԣǹءȻûзԣǵҲ޹ϵ
ĺ¡Ϊùģ죬ǲȫϽ˳ȥԼΪ޳ɱ

۳޳ͷȻָָе̣⡮㡯İӦü󣬲еĻ˷ʳ
ôСһо·һͷõʳ˿òЭ
޳ֵл
󣬶۵˼Ҵҵػص˸ԵλãĴȡһ˿УȻʼĿ
磬
Ӻԥؽеıݸ޳
޳һ£Ա߶˴ߴٵֵܣȳɣôһСҷʳĻЧҲǺܴ󡣡
˵޳ȡһ˿СȫѰһζʮ㣬ȥЩΪỬֵζ
·࣬ĳ滨ݣɱҩ
һڣ޳ʱһ¶˼ȵľϲ֮ɫ
⣡
Ǳ㾹ǻûΪһޱܿ챻޳ա漴Ĵ̼֮£Щ΢
ȻķȲر󣬴ԼҲԭȵʮ֮һӡǣѾΪ޳ϲˣ
ԴնǺɫˮ˽һ޳Ľ⻹ûжҲƾĽܽⷢӵ˵һ۷壬ĶɣвСľ롣
ڣһ㣬Ȼܹý޳ϲ
޳֪ˡ
ԪȻ㻹ǵǽǰɣӦ˲ǱĴܣֱӾǵı赵۶ɡ
޳Ҳ͵ؼ𣬵ΪСǧ󣬶־㣬˽ǰȥǡ
ʱ˾˵ǽǵγǰεƣ
ϧˣֻҪʮͿҵĽܹⷭϰң㹻ҽĶˡ
޳ЩźҲ֪Լ뷨̫ʵʣ
ĺ¡Ķ飬ʮǿߣ֮кķҲջʮԼҪõһѶʵС
٣Ǻö
ʱֻӵͺһСС۾зȻǳĺô
Ȼûн޷еܿΪʵǣǳѪҪѣͬҪڴˣ
ԣ˷ܵؽֱٶ˱֮Уףصү
һעղӵĳɼ̫ˣ˭Ҳ֪ǲǻٶȴһ漣
ϧһǵϣעҪˣֻ˰죬ûаı顣
ԼЩȤˣĵػεұۣҲ;÷ζע⡭
ǣȴûмеı֮£۽ȴ̲סһ³鶯·ڳž޴ʹࡪ
֮ǰһθǿʮʹ࣡


718 Ⱥ
޳Ѳǳ˲ɫת壬ǰˣˣˣҲĵɡ
˵ţһ࣬ס˵ߡ
¶һ˿м֮ɫүùˡ˵ţұСĵس˳¶׺ֱϵĶ
Ը侲Ķʱ޳Ҳһ¶˾ı顪
㣬ֻһ㣡
ǣղŵ˵ֱȻ
ߣȸǴﵽһƵӡͨٴٱҲ޳Уǣ㰡
ôһ൱ͨС㣡
ҧסӵָǴ͸ԵӵҧһȦռƴָס죬ҲϷ
޳
ӵˣЩ͵ؿ޳
ĥˣôһ㣬кܴĿܴ̼ڵǳѪѡ޳ŵش죬Ƿ־鷳ˡ
ŨŨĸж֮ɫһæͷǱһҧ£ͷ˲䣬۽˸
Ҳĺôˣôһʱ˿ģΪԼǣԼ
Լֵܰ
һڣһڣӴҧ£Ǳûɵӿ롣
ģڴˡߵߵ·ըʼȽ΢ǽԽԽǿ·һ㡣
ã
ߵĶʵ̫󣬴Ҷڰֻ첻ˡ
޳ƲæϺһӣȫˣ
סڣ
һٿȻվ𣬾գ׿޳ߵΡע⵽ıʱ˫۵ɵòҪһ˳
һۣʶؽкݺһѾ˴룬ʣµôһȻҭڿ죬ֻܺƵģƴʡ
ΪҪǣôһӿҪѣȥ
׼ȥ
һձŭݺݵһƣγһ񷣬Ȼѹ䡣
䣡
޳׼ԾȻӶŻ׽ӭӶϡ
飡
̶ɲǣ˫㽻£һյʵǿȻҲԵֵϵˡ
ʱҲѳ޳һΣǧɷ֣óһƬˡ
ͬʱǬס޼飬սͳͳ߶޳ʩչ˻ڰȡʱ䣡
Сǰһڣ㾹Ȼǰ
ŭХڰʩһ֣Ǭױ͵һɶȥսҲ֮£ʧ
Ƿͷһҳٵ
ۣ
޳һƺߣһѪӿ޼鱻ɡĽ⣬Ҳһ֮£ͳͳɷ顣
˵ŭӿǶǷ޳һʹ֪УҲؿš
ǣһҪ˳ȥ

ڴʱһЦһⶼڲүȫˣǻҪҪүµǣ
һѽһβҲֿ쳰ŪһЦ͵浹ȥ˯
ʹȺһô㣬ҲЩԲֻн˯ܳ
ˣ
˱ŭǰǿƲղӾ˶һ
һ뵽˴㣬Լˣܴľ޴ôǾ̲ס۽ǳ鶯ڲ
ﰡ
ǿҵķŭӿͷݵǰҵĺֻлɱӣǿƽ
Ҫʲô
۵޳ǰĮȻضˣжĲԸ⣬Ѿ̣ʲôҲˡ
۵Ҳһ˿źҲôһ£ʵ̫˷ˡ
һˣпΪܱһأǻˣΪ벽ɷ֮
ƫƫӣţĵ˯ȫûаƺı㣬ȫûвκ洦
һҲ
зһճ׳̵üһûüǱ㣬ֻҪĶƿ϶ȳ١
⻰˵üΪݶҪˡԼʵҲǼвࡣ
Ȼˣûʲô˵ˡ
۵ͷһ޳ߣ˴ҵš
ƣҪһ֮޳
˭Ҳû뵽Ϊ˱޳һУȻԸ˳̶ȡ
Ķ񶾲һҪսĻ˻Աȫֻ·һǣˡ
һо֮ɫһԥһ£ۣҲ˳嶯ѩ񹬼򿪣ƴһֻܱ˱һ壬ʱԲڶǡ
һתӷ˴˿ͽ䣬Ҳ˵ȥ
Σһ


719 ľ
ð죬ֻҪǽ⴦ó֮ǰǿǿǹȥ˰ɡһյ
˵һҲͬ뷨Ϊܹ֮ɵץ㣬Դ⴦֮ϣ
Уʵһ㣬츳ͨ˵¸ޱȣ˾Ȼܹд˾ջ񣬳ñͣʲôõԭ
ղֻѾʹɱҲ޼¡ǣܹ˰ռ⴦ߣջһЩ㣬ǶԲ
Ҫ󲻾̫һЩ𣿡Ŀһ˭ôһߣǲܷ
ңԼ޳Ѿ˿ۿ۵ɡ֮˫ţȫΪ˼⣬ǰĳŵ
֣ǴӦˡ
ڴʱ޳ȴͻȻڵҲôӦٺ
ãȻ֪ʶȤۣ֮СԼӦ㻹ǿʲôͷ
һմЦŵģֻҪǹԹó⴦ߣǵһֻ㻹һǧֻ޹ء
ĶԲĵؽ磬ʺϴĽǾʮ޳ҵһʺϵĵطѾǼˣһվΪٶϹʺˡ
Ǻá
޳ͷֱһԽ䣬˼ϸ֮ԿƽգǽڶѾףȻļΪŭ
ڰһ׾ܡ
Ȼ޳ʶ࣬ȴҲ˽⣬ǰ֮˿̣ԶԼòѡͷв֪жô
ߣҲԾĻҪڰϳ۾һС
޳û˵ֻǵɨһۣ漴·ǣһ۱õóߣ
޳֮Уһǿҵɱ⣬ɱ֮ŨңȫҪκȾ֮ᶨɽ޷ҡ

޳߳ã͵һȻԼ۾Ȼѱˮʪ
һ徳ߣȻԼ֮ѹһӿҧÿֱ죺Сӣ
Ա߷һؽɴԾ˱֮ǰѧӵӣֱ˽ȥ
Զǧѡһ£⸱޳ƲһĨŪЦ¶Ԫ飬ǰȷʵ
Ȼ
ԪٺЦЩǻǴ߱Ƚ⣬ȴ֪ӣǳѪѪֲѣִǳǱڣԶӵ
ǳѪĴǣ浽һصҪͬ
ԣǱܵضӲȤȻӱɼԼ̬޴ԤУԣǲŻһֻֻƴسӿҧ
ٺ٣Щһпûһð̣ʸ񴫳ǳѪǾƴҲӵİ֡
ԪȻ˵ˣӣͨѪѾѣҪղջҲˡ
޳֪ʹǴóҲ˿޷Ȼǲʹ졪
Щ֮ˣûеȻָܹ¹ΪߵǷǣ·ռ˴壬ƾʲô
ʵ
Լӵкɨһеʵֺα
޳Ǭеġʧ֮顱ǿаʹǵĳ嶯ʧ֮ţأ׶á
СӣⱿ˸˵ôһͨѵ㻹ôԪ̲סˡ
ţ޳⡣
Ԫ̾Ϣһɸֵǿľóʲô

޳۾һٿȻ嶼̲ס˵ҿԡ
⣡
ԪٿȻһ˿֮⣬صԪɷ֮֮ϣһصǾ
Σȴ죬ȴԶ죡һЩǿʵһͳĳƺ»žֻ֣Ľ⣬磬һЩóĵ⡢⣬һ֣
֮еΪ⣬Ϊԭʼһ״̬ܲĽ
õȷָʹ޳еľϲৡһ±㽫˦˽ȥ֮Уһѭŵ˱֮С
ûеȴã޳͵ؾһƺ֮϶׺


720 ޴ջ
ô죡
޳־ϲס˵֮ͣһ𣬾üǶ֡
һ͸ѭŵֱĽϱ幦Խ˺ѿ
㣡
һ̣ضбҧס˵ҴĴ͸ǵĿԲ
ɨһ۳ˣǶעԭӵı֮ϣϾ˼޳˿
ȻЩͷۣھͽЩǵɢԻķ𶯡
ʱЩǰгŵ׵⣬ؽٶ˿š
޳ʮ磡Ԫ
޳͵򣬵ʮ磬սйԼɱĴеҵһ
뵽޳ܿҳʮ磬֮˳߶һһССı߸ס
ʮڣȻҰг֣Щͳͳ뵽ԪԪ
ã
޳Ӧ¡
˶ǹ֮µ뵽ˣϴδһ¡
Ǵ޳Ϊȴ棬ڰ
һɺʱĵ
⣡⣡⣡
޳òν׹漴ǿ˵ı仯׼޳Ҳǲһ
ҿô࣡޳Ҫ󷢰Ԫ˷ܵô󺰴УŽ˴ĵҧ㡣
µȫأֱ
ಣಣ
Ȼһ˦ܿ˱֮ࡣûأһϯ漴ʧ
ףԪ飬ʲôֶΣ޳Щ⣬ΪЩ㾹ȻڵһʱתƵԪ֮ڣ
С¶ѣڱ߸һˡԪŬرֳֵһ̬еİ˭ֱܷ
ֽŵʩչСǧһȻ漰ռãֻҪܹ͸һáڵʵ㣬ֲµĴֻǿʮҡ
ѾΪ˲ˣǧõִ󣬻޳ǰѩԭʥǴȻ;ҪԶԶǺķʱ⣬ԴɵģԪִֶΣϲԶ
ৣৣৣ
һ޳ǿѹͷ𶯣̶˲䣬޵Ѿﵽ˽

޳漴ֽȥ֮
һΣʱԾһЩǵ֮ϲŴĸоԪô֮󣬷ֶ˰ֻ㣡
ǰʱ޳ջѾﵽٶôıѾ㹻Ķˡ
޳ѵãֱɲãʹȥһЩף֣ͬǲ۵似ܰϴæֵǲС
ԪлᣬȡһЩ
޳ףûмſʼǼǰδջ񣬱ϹٶԽԽÿεҲڼ١
ʮ֮ǱΪ
ѩµıҲ̫ࡣ
޳ҡͷ̾ϢҪñ֪ǻ̲סץѾһǧӲ
ʹǶۣҪ֪޳̬Ҳ̲סһ
ˣԿʼˡԪѵ
޳ԵͷһԱ߶˵ˣǶһΣûκջ
ҲǵΪûܹһԶЩҲ̸κҪһǴײˣЧȻ͵ÿˡ
޳㣬ȴ˴ˣٰиһЩ㡣ʱǲʺϣö̫һյע⡣
װһ޳ȥͣͻȻ
͵һ׹ʲôںݺһǹɳ֮У±ǰζ˿ѷҪ
ཡ
޳˿ڿˮ֮бһ⣺ѵдһ
޳𼱣ֹ̫βˡԪҲǽŵص
ѰС㣬¾ٶһҲᱻʮס
ǣǴĻǴ͸ģпܷⲻס
š
޳Ӧȫע˵֮ϡģоһ˿֣ǵʱأʱӯƮݣŵʱƺҪקܣӯʱֺ׺ŵĽһС㡭
⣬ô£


721 һ׽
޳Ѱ󡣡Ԫ
޳ͷףһ˿ѰȻ˱֮С
ѰʣȻǺǿ̽ȴΣȴʺϲ
֮ǰû뵽ֻҪͨѰˮΣȡȫҪȣֻҵһõȡǡ
ಣ
Ѱ˱֮У޳漴֮е֮۵סϵʱһ
ɫ㣿
ǵ֮ϵı֮ǰ룬˶һѰС㡣С㲻Ǵ͸֮ɫһֵˮɫ·ǴȺܸߵˮ
üһѹĴ͸ǿԭѾȳ̶ȣǿԻûΪʵˣ
Ԫ޳ͨͬʱһĻԾص
Ȼ࣬ǿһ̶ȵĻɳֳʵ࣡޳õ塪
࣬ʩչΪ㹻ȴʹ֮࣡
еˮɫҲͬˣ׳ȥôпܻ᳹׻ûΪһˮںס
üһôһ㹻㽫Ķɣ´࣡
Ԫ˷ܵµղŵǧЧҪã
ǰ˲Ѱڵ˲ȣ¾һǧҲֲǰһ
޳ƽӿʱһһصؽֻסɫ¼ˣʼҳײ
޳ؿһУԺɵԼ˰ʱңɫǲٶˣʧȥ㰲ͣ²
𣡣
޳аȣٿȻֻ㣬Ԫİ֮£Ԫ֮С

һУ޳˿ͨѰԲ֮ڶҲĴˡ
ֻǧԶмС㡣޳ЩСȻǲˣȻջʮ磬ƺŭغݺһͣߣ
һУԹԵһƧ䣬ڲ˵ע֮£εһŵҩ漴ʼϥ
٣֮С۶ܲס⣿Ц
޳⸱ģһҲҡҡͷùע
Ⱥģ²˳ɵΪүƢֵһӡ
Ƕ۶ǲü⣺ѵԼ˲ɣԸȻȱ͵һ棿ǣôܲ磿
Ƕ˵˰֣޳ദվãȻ޳ˡһۣ򣬿ʼŪһЩ޳˵ע
Ǳߣ޳ͣһʱ䣬֪ע⣬ȡɫ㶪˿С

ܿ죬ɫǻһɷ·˱ͣнķ

޳аȣγһԲȦеڲͬʱʮʩչΧƣһй
ˣˣ
֮У·ţһпʼ˵ľڴڴڵˮ
ϸӣֻ޳ʶ֮нֳһСԵЩʣǰӿ룬ʼ
⣡
Ȼ޳õĽ⣬֮ʱΣֻΪһʶ
ڣȻΪ࣡
ʮ֮һ
֮һ
֮һ
޳Ĭ⽣ȣΪ䣬ҪκηҪֻɫҪʹ̫֮еر
ģܿǿԭһǱҲ֮һӡ

޳ǱѾâ֮ˣԼ֮һӦñܵһδɣ
ʵ֮УнŲڤϡȱЩţһΡĶɵĽ⣬Ϊһ׽⡣
ڵڶεģȻǶ׽ˡ
ƿ˵λԪġʵżĶ׽⡣
ԣСӵе㲻Ծ
ٿȻһֱվڷĹͷӳü両ֳһ˿أϢǿҵĸоܲ
üͷһԹͷӵж˿ɣһա߱ͶôʱҲûջѣѣʱüëһ
ѵǸСӲ˵ؾ֮ˣǰӸһӣ
ǣ˰󣬵ס˶ۣͬʱ
õָʾ۾һٺЦŻ޳СӣҪװģˣҪ㣬ػɡ
ʱ޳˹ؼʱ̣һ׽⿰Ҫ׳͡


722 ѩ񹬿
ݣ
·Ǿը޳һŭӿһ³
˹ؼʱ̣ϻ
ߣ֪֪Լڶ˭˵ȻñϹüֱһ޳

ǱߣۼһĻٿȻһվҪն
Ǻǣ԰꣬ɳֻҪСʼ仰ˣҪ˴󶯸ɸꡣ
ЦУһͬʱ֣˹ȥ׽սҪʤκһˣһ֣ȴͻơ
ǣֻţųƻǺڰ޳һ̾Ҫ֮û
ˣ
ʱ޳Ŀŭ߳͵һӣ
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֮УǺڰ类һ˺ƥĽźĿõȫһ໡һĳơ
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ˣȻܾŲᣬһǱȻؿ޳
СӣʵôͻȻôࣿ
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ৣ
޳һۣĽǵصӿ
֮֮
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ܹش޳ϸܵǹԵɱ⣬˵֮ǰɱ⻹вĻɾüˣ
ղǾһѾˡһ˫üһСӣԭصôɱˣȻ㣡
͵һ𣬽Ӳ¶һ˿Ծ֮ɫ
֮ǰǾ˵óߣǲٺǸòô˰ɣ
޳ָᵯǧɷӰУص
㻹ǿ磿ҵ֮ھãΪ˴ң˿˽ǽ֮ڷأ
һմȣ߳˵ؾȴǱ䡣˽ΪΪߣ߾Ϊܶˣûܷٽű
ȻǷǵΪ޳Ѿû̫ķŭֻ΢΢̧ۣŶΣ
ؾһȵز̤ǰͷµϢ¶
һĨЦ⽥޳ǷĿɨ쳤Х
ЦңŶ˵ı벻м
Цٿֹˣһ˿Ȼ֮⻺Ƿ𣺡˭Сү·
䣬ǾһΣ޳ࡣ
һһۣ֮¶һƬء޳ʵѾƥκһˣټϿ֮еĸȥֲúô
ֵĻ
һտۣ֣ĺôҲ֪ѵҪСӶôô
ŶҪֹһ
ƺпĵطһæֱ֪ضҪõСӵĵطǲ֣С£ΪȻʳеܣʱֲʲô⣬ɿջ񼫶ı㣬Ϊ
һ˵˶Ҫ˵ġ

ֻһЦЦٿֹɨһˣǽҶ۵ʲôˣΪ˽棬Ҫǣһͷײ
ת˭Ҫ붯ԣ
Хĺӱ֮ϻ̵˹ǼǣзͷģǶ۵̬ȣ
Ƕ޳֣ʩչƣĻֳܵɹѵĽھõô
ԥɣ
һһһ֮ɫҲ˵ѩǱ赵Ĵ٣ЩĺôѲС
ԼõؾһЧ֧ԼٽһöתӡСһԼʵܽӽԳʦ֣
мһһձһݺݵصۣڻӵģȻԼǾԹˣ
Ȼ䣬һ񱩵Ϣӿ񼴽ʲôħɭȻըһա
ţҲһ˴˽ΣһյʵԶҪѷɫһ
ڣļƣƺҪѹԼ
޳Ҳ˲ԾָĿһʧ֮顣ۿһյϢԽԽǿָһʹ
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ҵֻ֮·ɽһѩٿȻŲǼӲı㿪ʼֿˮĿն
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723 ޼̳
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˶Ǵһһ񱩵ϢˮȥݵĽ֮Ƿ׷Ͷ˰еѩ񹬡
죡ѩղ˱һȫʢʱڵıֻҪõһɱ;дǿᡣ
λһΪھڤһ˲ٺö
ǱֻҪǱһͿƿߴ˶һ򾳴Դ
˷Ƿٶ죬ȴ޳ˣٵѩ񹬡ڵٸϣ˿и
һյ롣
ۼΣҴҳ޳˵ͷҲ롣
һ˵ٶȶǿޱȣգۼ䣬ѩǰͼκӰĲ
ѩ񹬴򿪵ĵһʱ䣬޳һ
ʶе·ͼرޱһŤŤָָǰǼ̳;
ʱҲ˹ȥûκα仯ֻһϢӷ豹棬ʾս˭Ҳ⾹Ȼһǿߡ
ʹ޳ĸ֪ҲֻԼӵĹøΪ£Ѿ۷ˣ
ûж˵Ҵҹһ䣺ӣ㶫˴ǣǵòҪǿסԼȫһ
ѰҼ̳֮£޳κֻ֪˰š
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⣬޳ˡֳȴԼҲҪȥάĴ磡
Ǻãߣ
޳Ҳϻкһѩ񹬣˶
ĵһʱ䣬޳֪Լǰǰ׹ˡ
ѩڵĴ⾳ıɵͨͨ˴˽棬ޱȵȥκˣֻҪ˼䣬ʧȥУ·ҲҪ˵չ˻ˡ

޳ʱҲϾ룬ֻѭʶ·ͼٵسǰȥ
·ͼ޳ѩ񹬣ʼ⾧ͨߣʾ
ৣৣৣ
޳ٶȺܿ죬գ۹Ѿ֪Լ˶ԶֻǸоѾΪ뵽ѩ
գǰУҹգ
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޳һԼһããıѩƽԭ֮Уʶ֮ǰļ̳ڵһģһ
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޳޳Ҫþȣ۾һУôҲ˴
һ··ŤŤ¾߹ٱ飬Ҫסн·ҲܡҪô̵ʱڣͨ⾧ͨҪͨô·ҵ̳ǡ
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޳֮һƬȻ֮ɫϸŹͷӣ۾һ˿˿һеϢϸ֪ϢΪƣ
ϧ֮ǰҲû̫עˡ
˵ǱڤҲֹһУƺĳᡣأŴ䵽аɣ
ͷӵҡҡͷϧˣҪ֪ӵʸһʼ͸ùĶɱҲ̳ˡ
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޳һͷͷӶ˽ԱԼ࣡б֪ܲƺֻ̳ܹһʹá
ǣ޳̽ʵȻ̳ԴһˣҪΣ
ܼ򵥡
ͷӵĻӦ϶޳Ĳ²⣬һĨЦݸǣɱһвͽˡ
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޳ĻֳǧɷĮȻ³ϧ̳Ҳɱ㡣
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ֻһɵ¾۷壬ƥУǽһԻɱۡ
һ̣̳ƣ޳ʱǰĻһģһ
һƵľէʶ޳ֽϺȣҲã


724 
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ڹͷӾ֮У޳һУСڿն۳壬ÿɳܱһ
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δ˵ֲ꣬һ˷ܵһĲɢӰ̾ͷ
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񣡸ģɱֲȻܣͷӴǳԾĽ
ЩӼ̳֮ӿıӰȻʵﵽ򾳣ǵıԪ񣡲ңʵǿҲûгСǡ
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СԾ֮ʣ޳Ҳ̫еף˵ʧ֮׼û뵽յĽ
գ۹СǾѿ˾棬еıӰͳͳ̡ȻСջӰ·˾һŻص޳ֱۡ
ôӰϾ̫ǿ뽫֮Ҫٵʱ䡣һСǵʵؽΪ޳һƥ򾳵ĵơ
ߣĹֶλǲҪ뽫㳹ɱȷʵס
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һЦݳڹͷ֮ϣֻӼ̳֮зŰ˸ϹâһŤĻɫâٵط˰գһ׷£γ˻ɫĹĻС
ٺ٣ͨļ̳ôûһֶΣڣѾ⡮˼ִ󡯼¾ǰ벽ɷǿǰҪ֮ƿ
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ûʲôʧģΪ
ӭڽ޳ҡҡͷ߲
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ͷ󾪣ֻ޳ƽһȦȦƵĹâǻɫĻһسſ¶һŵĿӡ
ôܣ⣬ڤ鲨
ͷӾ𣺡ôӵڤ鲨ѵǡڰʥŮģǸСˣѹϴӦ飬ԭ͹㣡
вɲţ޳һŭ
Ľ֮Ľ̳ʶ֮һ׽˲һ֮ն˹ͷӡ
ΪͿԳԶֻҪִ˴ͼ̳Ҿ˲֮أɣɱ¾ԩ꣡
ͷ·Զʱʦ˻صϢ֮޳ǰһӰ
ͨء϶үүСĸף
Щˣǵ޳ʱǵӰ˿̣ؿ޳֮г˱
Щںˡں˻ǲٰ
ͷӴЦҪ̳Ƚɱһɣ
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޳رޱȱŰ罣ԣ϶ĸףΪҪˡ
˽ӶؽﵽԼĿģ½Ӱ
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޳Ŀ䣬֮ɫĶ̳һ˹ͷӵĿڣ
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725 ƣ
㣬һҲûն
ͷӴʧɫ¾ڼ޳ʩչڤ鲨ʱû𾪡
ΪҲǴ֮дԺҪճɾս壬ֻննһ
ˣսĹඥõеϿɡǣ˾ܸܲղӰӰ죡
ԣµֻǰ괳֮ʱһҲûն
⣬ôܣ
ͷг˺Ȼ֪жѣȫڶĲҽֻΪһЩӰֵ
Уǣң˲֪ھأ˲֪ı
У޳޺ӰʱĻشٶ־ġ
㣬ɣ޳ٶȴ߶
ߣҲҪóѣͷŭ͵һǶţһͳͳ¼̳

޳ش󾪣֮һ侪ŭɫĶȻ¡һȫӿ˴ڣͳͳ飡
ͷӷ·ʧȥ֪ЦڣҲ߲ˣ
ǰ˽Ǽ̳ĵһʱɢ濪еĴƾǡʧ
𣡡
޳Ұһ㣬ʹŭһץסֱۣݺݵһ˺

ͷӷʹĲҽС
޳к޼±޼ƺ֮ǡ˯ȥǵһˣ
⴦̳ǽѵΨһᣬڣ̳ȴѱ٣ּ޵ĺŭ޳׷ҰһȻƣ˺Ѷȥ
Ҫ㲻ô㲻֪ҵĺ̨ҵı
ͷҲ޳ķסˣ
ϧ޳ȫһ㣬Ϭֱӽ˺ԪսҲһƬƬץ˷飡
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½㣬ǲǺûã
޳ָ޼䣬̵ָЩۡģۣ
Ϊ޼ҵİȫһŮӣǵȾ޴ɱ¾飬ȴһеС
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һˣ޳ʹʣ
˿̣̳٣ɽڿʼ̮ıѩҲʼڡƺһеĴڶֻΪ̳̳ʧǵʹҲѳɣӭԼսᡣ
飬飬⡪ô
ȻһĮȻ
޳һٿȻ͵ػͷע⵽һò忡Լ
˫һʲôˣ
Ǻǣ಻ͲϵôӵЦ
Щ죬޳ļȺ͵вӿһ֮ɫ㣬еġ
һӰϺȳննǰһģһ
Ǳ
ӵĻش޳ȻЩ紦еĸоû뵽ǺӰݣԭôһŵģ
֪ɻ󣬵ǴʱõĽʱҺܶ飬ʹ˵ˣҲסЩ飬ҿԸ㡣
ӵصһ崫ϿڸµҲĶ࣬һ͵㣬ӦСգ߻ʱһ𵽴Ȼһǿߡ
޳ˣ
Լ޴У½㵽ĻǱȻҪͷӽжԾܹôʸֻһˣ
ĴлϿ˷ָҪɱģʹޱȡһشͣҪпᶷ
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ӵصܿİ㡣
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׸޳պƵˣǧСġ
޳ӹϺûκͼϸӣַ·޾ͼ̺ı仯
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726 
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֮ǰⱱڤһУڴ˴һͼ̳Ϊ˷ֹʴ¼̳٣ҵ㻯һػڴˡ
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ʱ¡һһӰһ㣬ֱӴ͸˱赣һצץţ
һצޣʵޱϬʹԶɶܸܵǹ˺ѸС

һմʧɫԭΪǶ޴赵ʱȴû뵽޴Լ
һצ֮£оؿڷ·Ҫǿҵʹд
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ۺȻһԭվĵطһצӰٻڰץһ·
ٿؿڣһѿȻ֣Ƿֱ͸Ƥ⣬ڸЩѡ
ȻؿԶʣûмг֣ǹѾƿնҪ޳ѵ磬ԼпҪһ
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˫һУһ˿֮ɫ¶ԭǣǣȻҲұ壡
ƺйϵ˫Ĺϵάֵò
Ҳᣬ˴ɱڤղƿǣͷ˸еǿߣѡһΪĶأҴҪǣҲ
ɴݣҿԾһֻҪЧңıԪģҿԱס㿴
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ƿ߳棬ӹµµֱתƺЩԥ
ûиƿ֮ѡ˱һ壬Ϊڵ飿һͻȻЦ
ٿȻһ䣡
ǱʵҲȻޱȣ˫ȭصǰһޣŭغ壡թ壡

˳һɫâܣէէ֮䣬ǧӹ
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˵ĿһתƿϣֻһֱĬ·̬˿ע
Ǹˣɱ˱ʣңõıܵӰһٳɹһйϵ
ͻȻһȺдѭȥֻ֮ǰڰһĵӡشѩ񹬳޳һص˾ݵ㡣
ݵĵӣӡ°͸°ָ͡ĶҪǴ֣˾Ǳצ꣡ڵãƣͻ㹷һĿͣ
Ȼƿ֣֮صصȴڴˣضЩ˵Ļ㱨֪ѩ֮дջ
ߺߣǱʵװˣǵӾ˵ĹϵǱȫǵָʹŻ֡Ҫʩҵȣмˣ
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ĿܾԼºιϷԼϵı
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734 
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ѵɱ㣿ƿһݺݵض
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ƿһ޴͵ıȻӿӣɴ۾ӵؿڣһһǳ·ǳǳѪ
ϲƿߣͬ͵һ޾֮ɫ𣺡ǳѪ
һ·ǳһۣͻԼ·Ǻ֮У;Ҫʧ
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һһѾηߡУ޳Ǳ֣֮ûаӶݵĿԡ


735 ǿƣ
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Ҳ緢չ֮󣬻á޳뻹硣
Сٶ೤ȣҲֻʱ䣡㶼Ҫ
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СеɱڸϵӣûеֱϷŭ𣿡߼
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Ǹֳһ˿Цݣ
ӻȻæһƨ˹ȥǶǳղ򣬱ͶԱڤ򲻴󿴵ԼʹǰμʥԵᣬҲԹûзȥ˽⡣
٣ǲ͸¶֪
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˲⡣
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ʼ֮вκǿأеֻߵ򣬻һЩԼţЩǡǡ޳ؽġ
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750 ʵ
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ӡöӡƥ۷ö൱ڰ벽ɷ֮
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Զԣ޵ĹֶαҪʤһԣ׷ɱԼڸǿߣϵǵĻҲֲ˺ô
ӣλӡͬöǣһͨתӡһ롰ԣսҪߡ
ö׼ɷսǲķԳӦþȲεǿߡ
öҲľˣսƥɷһ٣
޳ĵöĻҲֻֻͨеӡﵽö޵һɷ
ͨʼǣת޵ʵֱ
ӵߵöӡͬɷ١ǿ֣߳ϲƿߣֻӡ
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й೤ʵţʵ
õϢʱ޳аͫԪҲõһ˵೤ʱǡת۷壡
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ӡԽԽѣҪҲԽ࣬ӡϡޱȣҪõ㹻Ѱ졣
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޳ҲһЦһǽӡ룬£ٵؽֽ֮⿪
ݣݣ
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ɹˣ
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ԪҲ̲ס̾ϢŹֵصɴ࣬ҸɱϼͷǵӡͳͳȡֻҪܽȫΪУǺܿһսɷǿˣ
òϣԪ黹֮
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751 ֵ

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ǲ֮ˣ⡮š볤߲㣡ǽʼһرԣ
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ˣ˴ʼߣ೤
Щʩչģشµġ󡱣һ֮£۷ǿɷɻң
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ԣһʱԵûҲ
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䣬޳עˡ
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һƺ޳ӵݡ
ʦ֣öӡӵߣԳ

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߲еǧޣͬһȺ߹
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ֵ
ľδѹԼԺش˶Уʱ˵һݣ
ǷԳͬһ


752 ռ
ʱ޳ûйעֵע⵽һˡ
ǡվھԳԵλãһϢϵİúѩɽδ
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֮޳ע⣬Ϊظ֪ĿռżΪȶĲ·ĴѾѹȵ˿ռ䣡
˾˵ľȻΪѷɫڷԳ
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ͶֹͣĿͣǧҡ
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ллл԰ŮƺˣͷҴ޳л
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޳ע⵽·һУһϤΪĵҩֵҩмƷڶȻǲˣڱڤ֮ʵ㲻ʲô
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ɲ˶޳ǰ㣬ӵпֲĵ򴫳УʶеĵΪḻ
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753 һ
ˡ
ѵ˼֮޳˻ٵҲΨһһƳɹܹ֮ﵽʮֵֻĵҩ
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ǣչûƹȶɱĵҩһֲûĻᡣ
ԣѡ
ٶȿ˵ڶšŷ֡ĵҩһֵҩһΪɷȻҪõɷľΪҪԭϡ
ŵҩЧҲǼΪԣǿ׳ɷǿһɷѰǿǷһţԵֵʮ֮
ԣҲΪ߽׵ɱҩˡһǧٶ裬䷱
޳üֵҩЧӽͬΪ
˼޳ٶ·ȥˡ˷֡һСĵﵽ֮࣬붼н֮С
Ǹ߽ףĸ߽ɱҪѷɫ
Ѱɷһ
ֵҩֶΪŹ֣ʹڽ򴫳֮У޷ҵѰɷЧȻѰҵɷ֮
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⻹ǱȽ˳һˣһЩɷ֮飬ֱӶ˸ѰӰ١
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Ԫ̾ôģһ뷨
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ҲУ
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޳һݣĿٵشӾŷһɨͣˡһϣҾѡɡ
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754 ľĲ
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ԣðգѡˡһâ漴ӿ룡
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ԣǽ뵤ռĵһʱ䣬׼ʮֵĻٵҪȥ߼۳ԼҴС
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Сľ𡱡
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⻰ڲæһǹקס
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ʾˣߵ˶Ĭ˷ֱǷԳϯˮ
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⣬Ǳڤ޷⡣
ٸϷһʱ䣬ϷúΪڤŰľ̾ϢУŨŨĲ֮³

͸ôɣȤͬѧԲ²£һرԵĽ˭Ƽ¼޳ǰ˷֣ʲôŹֵ鷢
ĸڰ˵֮ǰ


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756 ƣƣ
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ԳЦֳǰһץǵ֮ϷɳʥԵġ
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758 糱ɣ
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759 ʥԵ
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вٵȫǱ˴˶ͬʱ֡Ʃ磬޳ͼһƬѩԭԱһ緢Ļɽ
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763 켶
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764 һｵһ
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ڳˣûմȾѪҲɱ˺ȡöԷӡ顣
ǣڳһǿߵӡʼգ治ɫĳȻԶԶǵܼޡ
㣬Ѿħˣɱնɱ¥ʦѾħ˾ͲӦμʥԵᣬӦֱӱɱ򣬵պи߳ɾͣضɴ١
ˣһŨŨľɫֱõӵıȦУ侲˼֡
Դ뿪һᡣ
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һԵİСĵΪϵһĻ΢̡뵽ԼҲǱȻǲһ졣
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ԣӣֻܲõӦԣ
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772 ǳ
ţ
ǹһ٣޳óӦòǺΪԼȡһƺȷʵĳйʯܡ
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һֱŬֳ·񣬵ǽӴ˱֣ᷢλǸΪԵӣ
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һֱɻΪֻǡø˴ӶԼ˵١ԭΪֶΣ׷١
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޳ЦֻҪٵõſӡͿԿʼٵɹöʵҲһٴﵽƥ׼ɷĳ̶ȡ

޳֮еӡʦӣ̾һԭҲӵʵǿޣǺܾõԺ󣬶ǲҪٻָһʵ
ǱԻ뵽ǲȻˡ
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ʦһ漴Цֵܣ㲻Ҫοˣ츳Գ֣Ҳǡ
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лˣ
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޺޵ģ¾֮УĿǰҲҲһ벽ɱֻеΪ˱ó೤Ĺ㾡ڤƶɵŴﵽһΡ
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ԼɼֳһƬƬƣ·̺Ȼİء
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νǳʵıԴһԪ磬ҲпǴӱĿռ䡢ǳнпĳλܲɡʦ
һǳ̺һıԴ޳͵һ
ѹܱ̣֡ԭ̺ΪԴ룬һ൱ЮһֱԴҳ˭ֵܵ
ǳ̬˸ߵȣȻʲô϶׳ء
жܣҲǲ֪˶ϡԭϣǿƶɡֻǳ룬һ벽֮У
ཡ
޳ݺ˿ҺŹֵһЦбҪȥǿٹ̸̸ˡ


774 ɱ
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ʥԵһݵ㣬˴ͬﵽ˶ߴʮҲΪأһרŴġȪ
ܶ޶ţ飬ʵϣﵽɱεһ㶼и޵Ԫ
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Ȫǰغžӣϵ۷ǳŹ֣һֿݻɫһǱ̡˰Ȼ
ݼţֽȻ෴ϢìܣЭͳһϡ
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Ϊߣϣλߡ˵ϵʦͽϵ˽Ǹ߾ʦ֮УҪ˶ãǾ͵öԭȵĺ󱲿ڳʦܣʦ֡
Ƴҵʱȡжʱ͸оóȱǳԣȻõԭϼΪߵȣ滹򾳺Ͱ벽ɷ飬ȻϵĲΣ
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޷ʦҲǺġ
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䣬ĺȻֳһ㣬Щ΢˼ө档Ǿ۳һţǹâɴƽξ
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곤һ𣬳Ծؿųƣǲ˼顣ôҲû뵽λɽ¶ˮʦ֣ԭ̾ۺ
ǳΪֱ۵һ;Ƶκһ¾ΪѰİ벽ǲС
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䣡
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775 һ
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ֳһƬŭ֮ɫжܵ˹ؼʱֻ̣ʱ䣬ܹ֮ǳӶӵһ൱벽
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һ˦䣬һ𣬵ǰ֮ʱ˫Ȼһ͵һ³գҿػҵжգмֹͣԲǼƽϣǾȻ˲ʶʱ񣬷ǵûҳֻɱǣ
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ʧЦ·ô˼ĴЦҡͷǻɵý˷尡жǺεȱ¾ɷǿߣ䱦һõؽСر档ٿǣǲʲôΪ
ȻһϺȵӡĲޣҲ汦ǲ֪֣ôд𣿡
ʦĪҪŭʦų軵֪֮ͽˣǻСӹҼңǫء
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ݣ
ָһץһ֮޾ĿϢɿػ۶γһ֧Ƶ

ָһ޾â·һǣ׺ųβ棬޳
ãʦֿپѾĶľ磬ָ֮䣬٣죡곤ӷĴ
һ̳һת·ɲǼ侭޾ĲɣáԵĵˣ޶˵ػһɱ֮⣬·Ѿߵ;ĩ·ˣɥ
һ̣δ޳ѾһƬɵ·ʱᱻޱ֮߳򣬳ɥʧꡣ
һ䣡
ϺȳָƳ޳͵һָʸٿȻըݻϢǵӿ
У·һֻſ˴죬רĹޣԽ޳ϢУ
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⣬һ֮Ѱӡǿߣǲӭӣǰꣿ
ԣԣԣ
Ȼ֮УһŽһӡ޳üԾƷε
޳Цݲ䣬ʵڣ֪ǷʸҪóжܣ


776 ս
ʼգЦݣ峺䡣
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ȫս֣¾۾һɫâõΪ죬·Եý紦ִ

ٶ죬һƾǻӱ絶ն޳Դһն֮һٹ⵶ɹ
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޳аȣ־һƻìӡӳ֮£ìХͷų޾֮ݺײ˿ٹ⵶
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Цûн޳һУ⵶䡣أƻì·ǵײʯ飬һѿûΪɢڿա

ĺǹ⵶ЮŹѭԭ·ն䡣
޳۾һУղŶֱپĺľڡ١֣ǹɹıʣڶʱԻעĿꡣ
һˣں̵ܶʱݣпܲס
پͬǹɿʱڽ¾ɱļӲҲҪ١
Ĺ⵶ն䣬ǵ֮ɫԣòϣ޳ǿսǸ˲Сѹ
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⵶޳ն£֮УûܽӴ壡
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һЦȻûм޳ɱ¥һĻԿٹȵĴУҲ˽һ
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ǲСκһްܹӵӡǿ߶츳ˣܹ֮Խɱ˵ĵƣ
޳ѣپΪĪ⣬ʹ¥ʵȫʢʱڣ֮սֻһ;
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һΣҿ㻹ζߣ
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һʵ޳ǿһҲֻ·һ
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䣡
һɫĹӴı֣һȦ״ĲֹܶȥȻеĲݴ֮ϡ
Ц⡮١ΪûΪѰݲݣջôƴЦЦг˳еĹ⵶һ٣ڴ޳мǾɫ
ϧעʧˣϷɫ֮У޳ǵһЦô

գӪ
һͷųĹ棬·ΪңΪԵһ̣Щٲݱ޷ر𣬷׷׻Ϊҽ
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һ̶ֻƱǵؿڣԶԶص˳ȥ
ǣһǴͦվ
ֱݺݵĨȥǵѪռͻͻֱǵһγôĿҪֶΣղһ¾Ҫˡ

޳һؿһ滤ľƵķƣ߶ͨ˸ʵɫâ
Ȼһרڻ֮áԵסȫһΪˡ
㿴ʲôʸҾվŲҲң
Ŷ
޳ᷴʣؽֺһۣԡһǴ嶸Ȼʧ֮޾ǹ⸡γˡ
ǹ壡
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ȭ޳һȭҳݺݵ˳ؿڣ


777 ͻȻɱ

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곤ӳһŭжܵҲˣȻǵҪ̫Ե𣿡
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㵹ӲͦһУжܱǷɻģ˶ޱСɡ
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ʱ̣޳ȴ΢΢һЦ֮֮ɫͻȻһ
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΢һ룬ס
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һ޳һģһӰȻ֣淨ʩչޱȰԵǹʩչصȭ˳ơ

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ʣµ·ˮբй
ۣ
һѪһɫɷޱȡһץжܣҪߡ
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ৣৣˢ
ŵһڵӰյУޱ޼ʵϢӿޱ٣˶С
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ǿ


778 ƵƵ
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Դˣ׼һУǵжܱһչƵĹâӿȥ˿ٲݱ档

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ǻˮ粻Ļᱻˮ
úãҵȱػаˣΪ빦аȣָһϹٶ뵶ɱ޳

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٣Сӣܵаһ˿֮ȻҲӦңа˴Цݶڣɸɴȥɣ
Ȼ޿ɵֵеɫӣ޳һʳָǿʧ֮顣
Ȼʧ֮ǰʩչܻһЩĪ鷳Ǳʧǲֵһᡣ

ͻȻ
ݣ
һ⽣ƿնΪ׵а˾âżХͬʱһ𣺡Сֵܱţ㣡
޳˫һȻ֮һ˿ɵ֮ɫ֣


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УһƺƵԿĹƵĳգն죬ֱɱ
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޳ͷȭлԮ֣֣ҿɾҪˡ
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˶٣ֵϧˣЩ˵ԣȻԸԱ
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ǣεصΣ
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ʱԱߵվ˳ֵ


780 ŹƵ
ֵҪһ顣
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Ƶ۾ʱˣԭѾܾˣƴһҲҪش޳Ĵ㡣
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ԳռͻͻֱޱŭضϯˮҪֳһ𣡣
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ϻѰ󶨣ǼԳһ֣ǲɱˣݰھʮλս൱׼ɷ۷ķԳ֣ѵСӻܷ첻ɣ
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Ҳ֪ȷʵܣǱԳ򶯣֮ɿˡ
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795 ޳ֶ
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Գһɫۣڿ趯޳ݵգһУǽ࣬顣
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⻰һϻѵһǣӿŭӿƫƫַáΪȷʵǰˣҪǷԳ֣Ҫ޳ֱӻɱ
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һ룬·ⷽԲǧһ̶޾ӿ֮£γһƬɵĿռ䡣
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796 
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799 ôŰ
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ߣʥԵ磬аҲɷһ֮ΣϷգضҪ㳹׷ӡ
УƴٴһѪۿţϢίȥа֮Ҳһ˿ŭ建С
аּҲѷɽҪֹˣ
ɭȻһǱصѪҪ
ʹаҲҪӡа
ڴʱһϵĺ𣺡аϷǣֻľڿնԾ壬Ѹһ־öӡᣬȻɢŨҵĹâҪһĳ
޳ͻȻһ
һ˿ը֣Сģ


814 ı
ݣ
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ͣ
âݺݵضȥۡһһѪԱĽɣ
һ̺˼ǿ̺֮İֱѭžתϣ˻һһڸոѪȻը飬Ϊһ
ľ
˾ʹûľ˻Լ֣ңһйؽڣõԷӡĿ֮轵
һ䶸˭ȶûϵֱ˱ش߲ŷһ𣺡ʧķ𣿡
ʧȥ˵֣Ƿӡڿգ΢΢ȴҲ޷
ɣ
аȣԲʵ֫һšԡһ嵯Ƴذ䡣ˣһȦ𵴲Ϭ˷ǲӡƶʱŵſ
ҡˣ
ǿд߶һаϧ֮£ʵѾ͵òȫʢʱڵɡ
һƻֻһӿնǿ˳ȥ
аδ֣ľһ̳ˣȥǲҪν˰ɡ
һϵԼǿâɣղŶս޸ΪǿȻղȫڲ׾
ಣһ̳Ӱն롣
ֱ˿̣֮жţľ㾹ȻˣͶаڣԵԵڤ𣿡
Ǻǡ
ľһЦŨŨĹ֮ɫ棬̫ˣϷΪϲ죬²۵أֵָժ֮㣬ƶУһֻΪСҿǣǶ֮٣
ЦУһãһƵĹâɳصˡϬĽ£Ҫ֮һսͳͳ߽⡣

޳ǧʩչһǧɾ롣һǵǧǱľ
ȻѲľԾҲ뵽ľȻȥͶаڣ
νı족аܹʲôôȻϧ壿
ǣֹľĻһаǱؽһԵѣ
ԣ޳һ־ɱУֱľҪһлɱ
Ǻǣ԰꣬ʦʦɣͲҪȥˣдɡ
ȻһЦֻƿշɳһɳָƿ۷ǿۣγһӡذ޳
ৣৣৣ
ӡɳȻճӰ
ÿһǡһȥаʮһӰÿһָӡǰ
磡
һ̣ԳϯˮǾǼرȻ˽
£ʩչķ
ԭΪʹõ磬Ҫ뷢ҲҪķѲٵʱ䡣ȴû뵽̶̰¹ȥȻѾȫƿأ
飡
һʮһӡй֮ϣʱõ漴Ȼըѣ
޳Ŀһ𣬽ȶӣǿסΡ
һײ֮Զʤ
֣ϿɲһյЦӯӯص

أһȴˣ
۾ɴı֮ɫҲˣѱ壿㲻ÿԼԲԵ棿
ޱȵʹ
ôҲ벻ףΪξѱ䣬ͶаڡǴĸ룬ⶼǲ֮¡
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ȻͶ೤ò״ȥа
Ϊ壬Ϊڤİķ˾޴㣡֮׵һȥȪ֮£ҲĿûŭ
΢΢һЦЦһ˿֮ɫʦ˷߿浽ΪʲôҪʲôδ֪
ֻΪԼҽڣֻ޳͵һüԣʲôطܲԾ
ύԼȻʥԵ֮Լǰ֮أ磬ٵòͶаĳ֡
һ鴮޳ԾʲôطԾ
ǵĿģǱϿ㣡
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аͫӶԵԸǺпܷ飡
ˣͶ˶ʦ塣ʦһճ£˾ϡ


815 ǿа
Ǹ
ʦ峯һҲ˺󣺡ǱڤǲóȻ֣¿ʵ
ֿһǴ͵ʦ壺֮ˣаֶοơ׮պǲһֻһ
ǡ
ճ鶯û뵽˾Ȼ˽˶ӣ
ѵ֪ǱڤаڸռУһпаھͻղսô
ĴӪղ򣬵ʱܹ
һʦһģǵͷٶȱ֣Գߣ
ǣʦ壡
ԳЩȻػͷһۣһǰڤ򣬲ûշڻʧһλɷһٵޣԼǶ˸ӣ
һܣжЩ߷߲ƽǣ֪ʹǿҲ޲
һаѣʱɷһǿߣֻһĴڣ
ݣ
ĵӰͬԳϢһ֧֧еĴ
ۿţǼ봫󣬳ղ򡪡

ͻȻһ͵̾ϢѭȥһӡƶȻ俪ʼͣϵͣ
ڣ䣡
ȫѣԭѱѹСаӰ͵رǣ

۽һѵƻԡķ
а
˱Ȼ·𱻳һ㣬ǰ
˷ӡаӰȫ¶
߹ɣһ鼡·ʯһᣬ֮ϣСļ⣡
һа̣էƺֻҪӣǱжϣǿҵľ֮ġ
ߴվţɽһصϢ˼֮ǲشĵųĸо
վǰһĿ־Ȼһʵ߳ɶδܹӳ
ңаǳˣ
а쳤ХХĺڹ𣬷ԲһƬƲ
ߣߣ
һб仯գ֮䣬ǲ˻ûü롣а𣬶ʦ󾪣æߴٵ

ǵ͵͵һаԴ΢΢̧˫֮бһа⣬Զǧֶ˶ʦˣղģȻˣͲؼˡ
£δƣһɽӰ漴𣬿ٵ£γһǧɵɽ
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˱Ѿǳ׵طһ˿ϣˣаһԺȳɷ漴ɷ٣
ഫаɷĽٵ˻Ϊӡǧ꣬ضģȴû뵽Ȼ֮
ӵȫܹɨڤ򣬾ƿ֣߳ҲȫĶ֡
аˣҵЩ֮ȫһ·ˣаǧҪ޹ʦƴҪ
޹ô
аǸֳһĨаȻЦݣȻ֮û޹֮ˣѵŹǣӻղô
ûǣǴղġ೤νԼò״Ĵþһһ٣
ԭڤаͫһ壬Ϊĳ֣һѵ㶼ûܱ棬ֻͬһ㣬Ӱ֮С
һˣ𣺡ȣͳͳ°ɣ
ǧɽƿն𣬺һΧӰ֡ɽβ͵һ񣬺¡Ǳñ
ણણ
ʦ˱ɷǱˤڵأǱһƬţ񣬹·٣ʹҪӴܣҲκλˣ
˵аɷٵ˭ʸڴǰߣ
ǵħΰжӿŨŨľ֮⡭
ݼּףǧ棡
׹Ȩӭع飡
аԼ׹Ȩ£ӭ

аһͨЦּɣ㣬Ȩǵ㵱ֻһ֮;ͨˣȻΪǲ
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׹Ȩļŵз˶֪֮ŨŨмֻҪаһ仰Ϳȥ
¡ľݼаһĿѵıУľһĹ˳ذ¡
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žžž
аͷƿ裬һεסĺ
ǿסĺ͹


816 аǹȥĹ
ңﾴ׸аˡ
һѵ³аȫûа¶ֻһƬȣаĿȣ
ţ˵ʲô
аԷſʵ
õ׼ʣع˫ס磺ֻа˲ϣԸ羴״ˣףͳұڤս˷̤ƽǧ棬ΨҶ𣡡
һ˵úϣĿȣԵֿ
аЩ죬תͷԵּаɻ
ּ͵ȻңаͫһûаӣңԱڤܵѹΪԣҳŵպսķʱ
ϵȭؿ£ԸΪаǧ棬ЧȮ֮ͣ
аؿ·ܹһֱĵףеֻһƬȣԼȨ
೤೤û뵽ɣĵϵѪй˳ҵһ죡
ڣаЦЦһץе磺ܺãдģһ㣡Ժаǰͳ죬аսõӣΪսķɨƽЩɣ
£ǣ
һĻʹر˫ۣи֮Ѫ
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ŭɣ߳ǿҪɱҵȴֱӶ֣ﳤ;ԣôҲһ֮սȵӵڮֶΣ̫޳𣿡
׹Ȩ˫һɱⷭҪɱˡ
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ԴŪĿǣ೤΢ĩܵͬ裬Զ򷽲ɾ͡ȻǱڤܵͳ죬ͻȻ֣ԾĿ١һУǾʹӲЩô
˱΢΢һ䣬֮вûгֹƵЩ˺ܿΪɳڤĶˣ
˿̣а⣬ԼԼĻɣȻŴ
٣аȻռͳελǶѹȲءӲ٣ǿƵ֣
аֳ˷ߺ֮ɫ೤һ֣ĴһЩ޴֣֮аڷս
ԭ岻λԵͣȴǣǣһս֮£ڤǿĿ̶ʮս߳ɣˣǱڤҲý³
𾪣
ޱȵ𾪣
ഫ֮УǳƱڤŻܵ衣аĿıڤ򲢲еС
೤֪ΪΣսѰġ
˵аı֮Ҳһ󣺡걾̸ͣⱱڤһΪаͫ࣬ల£ȴû뵽
ɳȥʹ߸ûܵõ˵Ļᣬ㱻೤Ȼɱ
а۽ǳ鶯Ũҵĺӿ֣ʹΪ۰СӣԭɳϵѪʹߣǸһĽٰͣңŴӦ
ȴû뵽Ǳ̻ɱ೤ȡаͫ壬ͻأ
һ뵽ǸԼΪ۰Ҳ츳Ϊܳĺӣ³аͺŭ
ðΣ˼ǿƽҲ֪ˣа֮ս˫˾ǼΪأ
ʱ򣬱ȱӵͬھĴ㣬೤֪Ӻδٻ磬ȻҲˣΣֻˣʱء
Ȼһλ˵ɣǴ־֮УᵽŨŨѪϢ
һսضȥ
˳Ĭˣаʵ塰Ρǣձ೤ܾĻǵ໹˷úܡ
٣ҲָȻţЩ֪һ㣬ƾѣҲǺţä೤󣡡
а޺޵صѹ˾ͷϧûԸ
һ벻ס


817 ೤̰

ӳܷѺǿᲨаı飬һַĸоͷǲһɭ
೤ΪҪԶԶѷɫǣƾ֣ȴԽսܱ
аռһ飬дޱṴ֮̃ɫؿ磺ҺãⷢشĲ顣
Ȼʧȥ˻֮УʵҲߴɷֻ֮Ҫɣʵܱǣ೤ʹ֣ҲǱ֣
һ仰˵˶Ǵһ
ʹǱ߲ˣҲĿؿԭʱʵǿ
ԭȲ²ⲻǰܿɷĽ٣ԶԶ͹治֪ޣӵ֮ʱʵָǺεȾ춯أ
£ǵʱ೤Լаͬʱ֣бڤְɣ
аȻҲһ㣬صⲻ֪һδûᣬҲпǽаڳ׸ĻԴԣʩչزصķӡ󣬽ǳ׷ӡѰһεڣ׼塣
٣һΪǴһУӴǧ棬ҲҪɱ
ԪֻصʹⲻٵͣҲӵһ˿Ѫаۣͫ
ԭΪѰҵĵطޱȵΣаڶ֪޼ǡ
аһ٣бһߺԼԻ֮⣺೤ȻѰڴˣű鵽˹ؼ֮ʱͻȻ֣
ޣϷֻһͬ飬ɷ٣ɨڤ춨аڲҵ
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аͻȻ侲£ǳһ˿ŹֵĳŪ֮ɫ೤ȷʵ˲¶Ȳ͸һֵսǶսޱȿȣǳϡ֪ôô
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а೤ͻȻڣ
ǲò೤ľϰֻҪһ̣ⲻҪǧһ֮ʣȻı֮֮У
аضˣһֵ೤Բĳŵշѣͱ֪кθ룿
ſڽ࣬Ҫ粵ֱа⻰ԣܿܣ˵һУʵ
ⲻܴ裬Ȼͷ뱾֣ȻҵȹĶһٽ೤ı𣡡
аҡҡϧ೤ҲǺ׼Ȼʩչ˷ӡ󷨣һٽⲻӡصˡ飬Ҳˡ
һ׮³ֳһƬĬ˶˵ң⾪һս
а೤ͻȻ֣ش
ţ೤Ҫûշ飬ȴǳ׼ŭ˶Է鷴а֣ı顣
ѹ֣೤ص˲֮󣬱
һޣʵǿ궼ѣȻǻȥˡң೤ת۷壬ӵʮöӡޣԴ
ܹŻصˣҽаӡѾǼΪѵˣ
޳뵽ȡʱΣȷаԲ飡೤ͻȻ֣аսʱ磬붯ãǲܣ
ʱһѾľʥԵ֮Сܡ
һܸ֣޳ܶ鶼ˣǣǱܸоƺȻʲôطԾ


818 úÿ
аݺһڤȴǻ೤СУ
аݺݵضˣϧǳС̫磬ٽ꣬ʵΪź
һִ˻ڣһؽ飬УҲûֹ֮գ
ޱȺݶԻص֮кһƿѹ֮䣬õߵͷһ
ʹˣ֮жһĨȻаԳĺȫת޵ϡ
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аһ˿˿ɫĹâǺڰ֮УһһðžžУһɹɸϢ
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һڵ伮֮ഫаɼ֮мΪյءʴ󡱵һɷ
ʴɷ
ɷ̺Űĵ֮һɱΪ¡
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аϷŪ֣ڵߵŭУʹĳ
ͻȻ
һ٣תͷǲ鲻һƬǴ΢Ĳ
ţ
а΢ӡȻֿʼˣ
೤Ƿӡ֮ȥΪһͬУа벻ٶȶ
գаԤ׼һЩֶãⲻƵ˯
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ʦһЩÿһ˵ʵڰ벽ɷ˸Ǵﵽ׼ɷ֮
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ʦԼװЧʧҲȫЩ˵Ķ֡
ЩһǴðģ
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ЩˣȻѪϣĺһޣȫͬһˣ
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ֻǣôҲ벻ףܴĸǶ޳ӵֶƶԿɷװ
תתʲô
ڴʱаǽע˲ڣϸظӦӡҪ֮ɡ
תץӡʩΪ
аһǧ꣬ɰã
䣡䣡䣡
һ·˱겨аʱ飬·ܵ쫷ĶȫɢΡ
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޴ĸֽʶһɫĹӲܿ죬ڵγһλ޳ʣӡ
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һɴݣޱϣܴһǿθУ˲ԽԸ
۷ˣ˱޳κһ˶ҪħĪа̫Ҳһ˽ˣǷȣԶԶ磡
ڡ
ае𾪻ʧռһ̹ǵĺԿȻ³࣡úÿ࣡
೤
꾹Ǵޣ˵ߣڤ೤
ô


819 а

˽͵֮У೤쳤ЦЦٿֹٿȻĿаǲ֪ԭа£Ҿ˳鰡
ݶϷʣȫȻûнаС
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аÿһֶǴ֮б֣ųǵĺ⣺˳㣬ɲ֪ûжôİĵñһӾɱ㣡
һĻĻǰа񼸺ҪǳǵĺӶȼգ೤˵˵Ҫĥ㣬ŶԵ㵱նԱ˺һĹֻ壬Ա󱬣
ôðʴ֮ظʴ꣬ҹҹҽа⵹һѡ񰡡
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Զһ߳˫ֿٽӡεĲ֮УǱеȫ߷
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СȻػģҪǧ
а֣ۡһüķ㵣Ǳġ͸ԼüĵĽУ
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׹ȨȻаޱ𾴣Ѿ˹ԴȻ飬ȻǴ߶Եײǰһֱ˳ȥʮɣѪָаּǰش¡
ΪʲôּΪʲô
ͫаͫһλǿǱУһ廹ãаͫᱻһ׸
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೤΢΢һ䣬֪̫ˣڣһѡ񣬶űԪģߡ
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˫ĿҪͳˣٱڤΪսΪаں죿ҵҪԿа죿㣬ѵħ𣿡


821 ûеūŵȺ
ߣѪ
Ϊ֮каԸ˴ʮ꣬Ȩƣ˵ƷԿ֪ԸԼҲҪڤ֮Ȩ
̣Ҳڤٱ޾ɱ¾֮Сǣ೤Ұı¶֪Լȫûʵȥֹ
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Ըұڤвȣūۣ߳Ըұڤǧ飬ܸڣ裬ɱޱʹԸұڤһУԹ鳾ֽ
֪ԼۿıʩչֻǱ߶εطף

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೤ҡҡͷ񾯸ɨ˵ȣڣǻһλᣬѡЧұģĻȫҪ
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ҵԸˣΪսķǰ䣡ʦæ
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֪ǹϤһĨаЦ೤ǹǵǿڿָڰ񣬾ͷϵһô
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822 սɷ
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೤һƳ֣תԣ޳Щ˼ˣԶԶֵضԴ

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823 Сүըɣ
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824 ޳ֲ

Ǻڶ·֮Ϊ֮ɣԽԽ͵þˣ
գ۹ڶѾǴʮɷԲԭ೤վ֮׳һƬڣͺǱҧһƵġ
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825 ħɵ
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ۿ޳޷ߣݵһһâٵسȥ
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826 ɵв
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޳һ֣ʱǵâġ漴һĲٿȻһвֳһ˿֮ɫ
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ڴ˿̣޳ȫһģҲǻȻһ壬һһ档
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ЩӰֵٶȿޱȻֳһ־̬Ĺ컭棬ʵϣǵٶޱȾˣȫһɲǵĹͬʱ֡
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ոմ߶˾ԵľֹͣͣϢΪ̡
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һԽ˶Ĥ޵֮ʮһ淨Ȼ֣һ޳
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һ֮£޳塰⡱ص˼ڣһѪ̲סȻ
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޳ٶȱ߶֪УȻҪһ淨֮£ͻȻһ򡭡
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827 Ĳ
飡
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һƶײ޳ٶѪ
Сӣ
˫ֽգоסģȫ
ؿ޳ĵĸмͷһҧ߶ŬǵͨŻ
УһǧɵķԻ͡
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೤ЦϷдŨص֮ɫҪֻԼκβ㡣ǣҪǣǾֻ·һǹȫԼˣô
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Ԫ֮Уһش߶Ų֪پ룬ý֮УǴΪ
ָоǸѥһ㡰Ь桱ôӵ
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Цһҿıĵ飺˳㣬ʵʵس֣೤ܣʱһɢԴ˭á
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һ൱ɷǿ֣߳ȫûжԵȵ⡣
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೤޳Ѿȫ˼ԼΪһ棬Ҫѹ޳


828 ʵ֮
Ŀ
ǵ󷨴ŸոճͰٷ֮ʮʹƴŲҪȥ߶Ҳ޷ڶʱڽ󷨳ᣡ
ּľаȻǱƽɭɭɱ⣬εĵָˣŽҪ

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˵ȻԥԷǼ˵·˺ۡ
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˵ϻСӣ´ټҪң೤һҪǿ˺ȥ
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޳һݣصץ
һצХĽʩչжܱת֣Ԫƶӣ
һ޳ǿɱУѹ೤һͷɱУ


829 ǳ
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²⣬ҪôĲһ˲״ضıʡ
ȻԪ¶ˣһӸΪĬ֮׶¶һ˿ԥ

޳ȻȣղһɫǻϢըǷӦÿ죬Ҫɱ
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೤Ц˫ʮָһɫǻըħǻʱƣǲڴڼնɱ޳ɾ鷳ˡ
ԣʽԽԽԽԽң
ۿ޳֮գпһ̾ҪСڣ̲סˣһģԪģ
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830 ޳
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ǵǻûȽӴ೤ѱͻ߰˰ˡ೤ȭͷȥֱץǴ

޳ŭ𣬡ءһ˫ȼǬףһץס೤˫ȣǬͻ˴˵ʱڱ֤İȫ
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ţǣʣʮԼҲֲһë
ǣȻʹڽ磿

ʱϯˮҲٿȻף뽫תǵպϵĿռ϶֮Уȼһ˿ϣĹâ
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ˣһεȴǴԪ飬ǲԣĿǰʱ䲻ܳʮǵָʱ䣡ǣҪ򿪿ռͨҪһӵʱ䡭
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833 Լ
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834 
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ⲻǴȫʢʱڵĻ˵⻰ԪȻǲ˵šǣӡǧ꣬Ҳˣܹ൱ɷһٰˣ
Լ
ߣΪ⡮֣Ǵİô
صͲԪ棬ЦԷ֪ˣ촷ۣҲǱǱӵļһﰲ˺֣ʮ֮ࡣ

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һߣǴ𣺡飡ʲô˼ѵ˵޽Ṳɣ֪֪жô߹󣿱Ը𽵹޽ԼӦøж£ӦùлϲԿ
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ͷ֮䣬޳Ǹ⡰ҪЧ
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ԼİԵ֮֮ǰ϶ѾͷĻģԼڰ֮ЧҪᣡ
⻹Щ鷳˰
޳üһǸԼһ䡣ĿǰԪ֮еǺ˵һ뿪ʥԵ磬Ҳָɡ
ʱԼҪʱʱģ˻᲻ҵ
ζҲίʵЩ
走պǯƣҿСӻڸɴһ㣬һΣԪ
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һ޳εǼ⣺ˣѾˡ


835 
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836 Ҷڣ
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Ӧ˰ɣĿǰǿȣԶԶ޷ҲȣÿһҪĵѾǼΪֲٳȥٶȣͻٶȣ

޳üа취
Լȥƾһûа취ʥԵ硣˵ȫһĹϵ
ȻôȻа취԰ﵽԼ
ûŵ޳ֽԼϼܵζεҡҡԴܼ򵥣ֻҪǰ뵺ԭ֪֮
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޳һѪݺڵϣֻǵռѷպϡ̺ŨҺдһģʱұؽ̤ƽڤ򣬽ɱ

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ҪûǣŪ㹻ɷԪʯǲҪ뿪ϿȣʢҾŹǡ
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ԣ̫ྫȥ˼ҩơ
ݣݣ
ʮָ粦ңһһɷԪʯ˶֮УɱƷݣҲ֮롣
أ
Ǭȼ𣬴߶˴֮ܵйâһת
ɲʱԭӻȻĶ˿̱Щİ͸֮ɫ͸ԿɷԪʯģ
Ǭͻ׼ɷ޳ҲǴﵽöӡľ磬ǿƶɱҩˡ
䣡
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ƵҩֶΣÿһ̺ʮֵı仯
˵ȫЩ߶ĵǴʹɲݷ仯ĸԭ
ڵ֮£ɲݽûƺҲΪҺӡ

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ǣ֮޳ʶһգöӡĹâȥ
鷳ˡ
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˼ף޳ǴֵȻʶ飬ľ棬οܼȥ
ҩƱһǳɣ;ͣ٣ǽǰ
ңûʶ¡Ԫ鲻мȻһЦ
Ȼص۾ŭߣѵа취ɣҿɾ㣬ǣ浽ʶ㼴ʹʲô˲伤ֶΣҲʹãĻСº֢ʱе鷳Ŀ£õİ취Ƿƣѷܴ
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Ԫ󣬿ס͸ݷȥܿ޳ʶ
ʱ޳ü֮ӡ
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Ǳʵˣܹͻʱõһ꣬ǼΪ֮·һıϣ
ڣԪ龹ȻһֱΪ޳ģָоη伢ɲҶӲƨɣ
ݳ˷ѵΪס۽ֱ鴤յ飬ǱѾף
ңС
⸱ֿУõԪȫǧëףһˬ͸
ҵһŪһӾûмģƷݾͰסˣСүúÿ۽磡
ݣݣ
ٿȻޱȴ͵֮Уһһ꣬һȫ͸ݷ˳ȥܿ޳ʶ֮УΪ˴˽ȥ
Ʒݣ
סԪĴֱԶԶ󡣼ʹԪ򣬿Ҳûļһ˰ܼʽʹþƷݡ
ȻֱþƷģ
δŵΪ
Ԫ޳ദˣں̶ܴҲܵ޳Ӱ졪
޳Ĺ֮УԴûڷ֮˵ֻҪܹǿʵôһкֵõģ
Ҫ˵ˣ¾ʮԴֻҪܹǿһ˿ʵ޳Ԫ鶼ԥȥ
£Ƴɹɷп⿪ӰİأԣԪ黹޳ǾʹһЩݡ
¡¡
Ǽٵ˳ȥۿɲԭϳҺɷԪʯ֮еҲȡ֮ϵһ
Լǵ֮Уһɫ͸Һ壬һСϪ̾У
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޳аȣһʮǱ˳ȥֱӽ˵ܿ죬ǱУɫҺСϪ˵Ľɫ
գ
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Ѱƶɱ޳ݳ޵ضݣġǱСĵάֵ𲻾;Ҫ˻ָ
ЧʺܵͣһŵҩƳɹҪķ£
ϵʱԽճ͵ĵҩЧҲԽ޳ȫûַգʮǱһƳʮؽɷ
ҩ֣ͬʱʶ֮Ӱ͵˫һƴѹǵصӿ


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޳һȣʶ̵֮һ漴Ʒص֮۳һɽ֮ΣǾ޴ɽһ㣬߸ߵ֮̾ۡ
ʱߴ겨ѹߵӰҲǽֹͣ尲
ǺִڣǲĻҲ⽫㳹Ĩɱ޳оóӰӦЩʶǲǶڵ壡
ಣ
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仰һǿĲɢȥʶҲǻָƽ
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ղ֮ʱѨҪ̮ǶܿҪ硣ɷԪ֮вΣһǶʢңԵֵ
֮ʣȴͻȻʧõظ
ʶУ޳ֻǾؿߣ֮дһ˿䱸ǰʵǸߴת֮൱ǳǿˡ
ȴڣʹֻµһ˿Բ
Сһ㲻ؽţϷҪ㲻ֱʶţĿǰʵʹϷֻȫʢʱǧ֮һҲԴݻ㡣ߵص
޳û˵ֻ˫һУĮȻ³²ԡ
ǰǺҪȡԼҪݺݵؿһ飬޳
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޳üƺûжԸйκγŵɣ
ƺʲôҪԼȥɡһյǳǿߣԸһ㣿
ҪɵĻ踶Ĵۣǲصþˣ޳Ȼǲȥֿˡ
㲻ض
εصӣҲһӢۣС˰㣬䵽ȵزҲҪתδﵽ۷Сˡ
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߼ȻΪԿħɳ޳ȻǲԵʾ֮ˡ
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΢޳һֱٰǽ黹ûа취̸ȥˡ
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ӽͣ޳ˣ
µĴУ趨˽ǽܴƳļ֡ɱҩſԴ
Уɷһ֡
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ĿǰĵԼִУϷһѧĴǳ֡
¶˰ȻɫϷԪȤĸֶΣһ㶼֪
˵ţ޳Сӣ벻ѧһֽɷͿ㽻һЩɷŵǿߡѧϷֶΣȫԷƸ꣬һƬأ
ӵ˵ǲνĶģ뵽һת޵У̺ľ޴ֵ
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¶͵ɫӵ־ʹĿǰΪֵһᣬպҲڵҩһ;߳Զ
лǰޡ޳صϲûΪ䣬¶κεĸ̬֮
ĵҲˣֻǻصϷҪŵϷ֮ΪϷɱһˣ


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գȷʵӵ˵Ͼκǿ߶ܱ֤û󵽵ʦͷϵʱ
ԣӵʵӵгȻλҲǲΪ棡
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ΪһʧϷ˭ҲûиߣֻǷԸΨһĹŵӸ棡
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ٵ쵤ǻٵΨһĻᣬͽĺޡ
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ÿһɫ⻪һֵУ
Щ⻪ΪֻҪ֮գҪκȫ̼̳ߵһգ
޳һףԭ˵ñԼŵŽдԼ
ڣ
ǰ޳
УӵӰɢϸֳһĨο֮⣬ؿڡ

鿪ʼ˳ˣдˣ
·ǳǳҪĻ
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浺ڡʥԵ硭ÿһδ飬ڲϽţľҪʤ
ţ
ʮһǰи£


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µҲǧ꣬һͷӵϷµԴΪҲ͵ȥ
˵˴ϵķŭĽȥ¶һ˿֮ɫ޳СһΪȻֵһᣬ츳ίʵֵôƵ֮ʣϷ㣬Խһ²ж£Ҳֵÿο֮ˡ
Сһ￴ȥЩܶԽ֮ҲԼ顭СӣúõؽϷһȥպת֮ҪϷ򸴳ͷ
䣬һӰǻûΪâɢ
޳վʶգϵؽâĴУգ۹ǸожĵƵƷ
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֪ͽ᳤Ļʵ֮ǿԶ޳ƥСʹ޳ȥ𣬳ɹĿҲ
ԣҪʵǿ޳ԣ޳ķӦȻǵõϿɡ

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ǰոյõʱͬʱЩƾ顢˾һеһУʶ֮С
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޳漴ʧ֮ĬĬָģص޳ģնɱ᳤ʦԸ
䣡
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Ԫֹ÷Ӧ޳Ѿġ
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ͽ᳤Ϊ֪ߣǿԿ϶Ҳ൱ɷ˾Žٵ
޳ºԸҪ֮ɱ൱ڸԼһΰĿ꣡ĿһɣȻйĶȫ
ݣ
һ˿ɫ޳֪˳ʶ»ص塣Ȼദʱ̣ĴУ
ϸ˫ʦͽ֮ȴʦͽ֮ʵԣ޳ʦͽ֮ȻӦõġ
ƽ޳ϸһʵԪ飬ҵƺΪ͸ˣңʹҲҪ˳ࣿ
ಣ
޳һһöƻì֮лͣɢǿ겨
Ȼ
ԪƵҩͻ̼øΪԲ˵Ƶҩõ֮

޳ףһһᣬ׺Ӱ̤еػӹһɽӰгһϲ㡪
ҹ
ҹԴǺɫƬ֮󣬱ǽƥɷһٵĳ̶ȣңר꣬ɱǾˡ
ԣħǱһꪺɱ
ˣԪ飬һһֱûʹ㣬ǺɫƬʲôȻܹҹôࣿ޳ʵ
ԪٺһЦ㻹ǵЩˮеõĻڵɣ
޳һȻЩ߿ֳ֮֮õðӶЩƭ
뵽ǸŮװװһɫӵŮǲһЦӦûȥ˰ɣԣǲʺ߰
߾޻þ֮ڵҲ̺һΪҹҪҪصľǻԲܽ
Ԫ͵ɫƬʵӦýСþǾ޻ǿߣһɣڵͬһ౦ǣļֵҪԶԶڵ
ô˵ǿ֮Уһٸвһר޻⾫޻֮Уֻаٷ֮һʸþ
޳һ˿֮ɫ¶ΪԪڼɫƬʱ־ǰ㾪ˣ
ԭССһƬγѣ
ϧܹиĻþԼԽҹܵߵĳ̶Ȱɣ


886 ҹ̽춴
þ֮ǿıˣԺܹлԵõԪ
鲻ʧʱز̨еǼ۸ҲضǾޱȣȷܹ£
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鷭˸ۣû˵ˡ
޳ЦЦû̫ϣ˳ʮ磬첽˳ȥ

ȺڵǼͬȹϵϣתԵ޳֣һϲ⣬ڴؿ
Ǻǣһ˳
ЦУ޳ָһŽɷǷֱ˳ȥ
ǡ
ץסһţÿ˸ʶҪܿһסԼͣ͵ؿ޳
˵ıֶһ޶ǳڴƾõȻɷļֵ
ˣǲŷⲻţ
һСŵҩϼ軯ɷɷǿߣǿԻȡȥ
ȻǰԼñ֤ᱻɱԽ
ɣͬһطȻӦǡ޳Ц
ڵһӦٺһЦͽҩС𣺡Ҿ֪ϴߣһԡ
һĵЦ޳Щ˵Ľڲٵ߿ίʵôߡ
ڽ֮ǰ޳֪˲ӵнǿ츳˴˵ļɣҲĳ֮ϵ
ԣǳϿ֮󣬾ҪǰȥѰЩϵɣУȡõԴࡣ
޳ǽɷʵҲϣǶһЩˣϾ֮оΪӣһԴܹûл
ţԭǼĶȻһ漴ӶѨ߹׺ɫߡ
Ϊ׵˫ü죬ɨƵģɫҲΪ׺ݺݵشɨȻһ̯һˣǡ֧дһ죬չؾҪɷԪʯϽģүʱ䡣
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޳üʱ£ҪһóɷԪʯҲǿƾİٵشյ㹻ĿĻЩ̫ˣǵ͵Щá
ҵʱͷ㣬֪ɷһգʱԻᲹϡ޳
ޣޣ
조ڴ󻪡͵˿ڿˮȻҪ˿㣬Ƕ˱ָȥ˭ޣҪô㹻ɷԪʯҪôǺ嶴ѨǶѡһɣ
޳񽥽Ȼ£ǲ¡̸ĽĻ޳һƬɱ¾ֻһĻ⾪̫ӰԼļƻ
ڴˣ֪ǰѾɱأԵصС椶Ļ㲻ķϣҪ㹻֪ʶȤǵǺܺ˵ġ
޳һ
ڴʱ洫һ
ܿ죬ŷ˿첽
ɷԪ֮гһ֡ڷۡǷ͸ë塣
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ԣŷȻΪɷԪٶҲǺܿ졣
һڵգæǰڴˣǼէأǧҪǼƽϡ
˵УصݹȥһֻɫƤӣóӳģѹôЩΡ
ڴ˼ɫͻ˼֣ŷͷȽʶȤУҪɷԪʯ

ŷæ漴ǬȡɷԪʯϵ۱ɷԪʯԣҲǼֵˡ
ڴһץصͷ컹ʱǼա˵꣬ʩʩȻ˳ȥڲĽǶȣ޳Щɵ
֪ΪΣֻСɵΪվǰԼ޶˾òڡ
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֪˼ҴɷԪʯԲסΪˡȡԼˣǺԥ˳ľȻˡ
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޳ȻһһӦ˼ң뵽үүԼĺǻչˣ˼֮顭
òõ˷ģҹĻ٣޳һΣǧʩչ֮䣬οüһ㣬˺֧
Ŀꡪ
ɫ֧


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ŷ߿˵޳Ժɫ֧˺棬ǲ⿪ͷɻܾƺʲôŰ㲻
ԣһҹս˴˼䡣
Щ֡
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ΪγޱѣļֵҲǼߡɷǰ٣ͨɷҪͻƵĽ٣ǾͱѰҵ֮
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ȻǸСӣ⴦ɷԪӦþ֮ȡ֮󣬲γɵġҸ֪ɫ֧ǵ֮Ϊڣ
޳ȻѹԼ춴֮УܵԶѰϢ֮ȻͻɷĽ٣дЧҲǲΪˡ
ಣಣ
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Щǣ
޳Ϭ͸ע⵽֮һɷԪʯǺֱ̻¶ڿ֮Уʰǡ
ȻǵЧǱȥۣҲǼֵǷˡԣ޳üӿܿǾһɷԪʯ
գ۹ռɷԪʯʹﵽ˽ǧ
޳СģͻȻԪ龪
ݣ
һϬƿ֮޳ʶزһתƤϴ˾ҵʹУĿһһֻķɳԹա
ɳǴŵϣɫ̺ǿǵĿҲǷþˡ
ϵĥУǷ˾׽˹
޳͵뵽ŷ˵Щɫ֧ðյˣǶǱ̳ԡ˿̣Щɳдľ׽ʱõиһͷ
ѵЩð߶ЩУ
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Ŵڣղ˵ˣԪԺҲǷá
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ЩҪˮ֮нݣȻȥһЩֱЧԶӷ
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׻ʣɱɡʱ޳ˣźԺݶΪаȻɱҲΪ
׻ʵеϷ֮ɫʧ˫֮бһǿҵɱ⣡
ܵǹɼ޵ıɱȫԼǡñ޿ƣҪɱԼ練ƣ
ԣź循ˣλϣңа벽ɷޣ
ԶԶɷԪ֮о޵ķʢҳϡٿȻ䣬һ𣺡ηޣҴɷԪֵȺ䣡


893 ޳ܳ
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ŰۣĿΰ߿ٵƿնǵǰԵÿһŲ֮䣬ǿҵ׵âը죬һʣ˲Ŀӡ
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ʦ֣޳ֲ򣬵һ뵽ңѵҪκô
ֲ̬ȸҲЩˬˣЩӲص˵Ǳֵܵ磬пɴ˴ǲԭί˵ʱֵôӦΰǣ
ǿδأҿ˴δõСӡֲ񵭵ص
ʦ֣ʲô˼ѵʱǻҪ˷ʱȥô˫üһ
ǵǲء
ֲ΢΢һЦصҪֻóˣСӼȻôɣԻὫ֮ΪʦȡơСӡϾǵ͵磿ʹͱҲˡ


904 
ʦ֣
û뵽˵ôһһŭֵȫΪҵĹϵŻҪڰǣȴҪΪ޲磡
סڣ
ֲһŭʲô壿ҿȫûи״㻹ǲǵǴ˴εʲôǴ˴ҪǰŻᡮ
æȻ֪ǡ
ֲûи˵ĻᣬȻֹ֪ҿ֪Ҫ֪Ͳ᲻ǵô˴Ҫ֮ʧܣ֪ʦζʲô֪ʦֵζʲô𣿡
ߣΪνֵ֮飬ΪĪν飬Ҫð޴ʧܷգеϣôһԵ͵棬Ϊ򾳵Сϣҿǻͷˣ
ͷһֲѵöȫֻɫǣػ޳ǰ
УֶοӲһ߶ڹȻĸȻ󽫸ռΪС
ǿӶֶΣȻޱײǶ˵ǻɾ޴˺п޷ֲ
Ʃ޳ǿа룬ôպ޷ٲκ磬ͨҪ˲ٶȱޱȡ
۱Ͷ޳һݿǷ֮ģôʦֲʩչȲпֶΣ
ʦ֣ʦ˵Ҳеλ޴粻ԶǰȴҪ磬ƺ̫ˡһСС˵ˡ
ӷǳСȻʵҲǴﵽ׼ɷ֮˵仰ģǽ˻ɣսܹӳս
Ҷ죡˵ķݣ
ŭ߳ʱŵɪһ£æ˻ȥֲ漴ЦΪ׼ɷ֮ҪǿʲôʱֵʹˣúõشţʱӸһЩĽҲʦֶİֲܣ
ǵͨ죬ŵͷȥ
ʦ֣ô˵ҶֵͬܵҪ㵨Ҷ֣ʹ̤ȥȻص޳ǰȻ֪޳ƲԼʦֱȽϣӦûҪѷɫһء
ԣֻԼķʽάֵ֮飬ȫеĵ壡
ֺõģֲΪˣҪǳ֣ȻǶ֡ǻȥ֮ʦ޷
еĵӶ֪ʦԶ۷۰Ϊ
ϸ۽ʦӦǶ۵үү
ʦ𡰶˷ơ΢ʱಡʱȻɵĴ罫ԼŴ󻧣áǮȥץҩΣǿ
ԣ˷ƶԴǾأгɣص磬ҪӴǰȥִΪֹۣȥ
λ곤ԼʮĴ磬˷ǵһȥ𾴣ԣһĻʹʧ
ɷǿߣ޵üϳ
ң绹һ֧Ѫԭ⽫硣λֶҸǿԼ磬ԵʱǿлǵĻǺֶ
ǣֻź㹻ֶһĽǮԼһЩܱϣȻȥ
֮꣬ÿʮȥһΣҪڴĺзǱ֮ϧʼղԸ
·𣬶˼Ѿһոɾǽʮˣδһɿ֮
ֱ˶ۣŰɿⲻ֪˶ٱĺ츳֮ҪʤԼꡣ
ϲ֮£æ֮УΪŵӡʮദۿ׽ĵӣǽԴǸ֮ȫȥ
ԣֲ֪ԼѵһûйϵëʹԼ츳ٺüֵٴ󣬻ȥ֮Ҫĺ
ֱۣˣ
ֲŭɫࣺȷһҪάסĺúõءС֮ĽʦΪԵʧȥδõĻᣬҪν
۱Ҳãպݺݵһҧʦֵ֣ܣĴʹɳҲɷһ٣ֵΪȻѷɫһսһ߻棡

ƤЦⲻЦس鶯һգֲı飺һ߻᣿򾳣˵лɷ棿ۣû˭ţ
ղǵʱֻǼ޳е¡ѹơһĻ֮ǰһ֪
ԣֲ޳һ磬ͼʸ֦ӪСˡ
ҧأ˵һ粵ĻĴҲ޳Կɷһ٣Щ̫Ϊѡ
ǡ
͵УһЦȴ
֮ǵӰ̤ӭ˲ȻĿ⣬޳һЦš


905 
ɲʱ˵ɫ͵һ䡣
¾ǶۣҲ¶һ˿𾪣ʶؾҪֽ޳¡޳һǽĿֲ
˵ʲô
ֲ۾һУȨܵƣ·һͷԭʨͷŶ
޳΢΢һЦ˵Ѿˡ˵Խսɷ룬ʲô¡

һЦֲۣʦܣɲܹʦˣСԼ֪ߵغԭѡľ֮ͽ
ս޳ʹɫ
ֲȻŹûᣬ˵ҲᣬһὫʵɷһ٣ȫһУҪһжӲ£ҲҪӦҲòκϵ˵֮ֻҪʵʵҵİἴɡ
ҽأ޳Ͽ˿ŭһƽ
ֲȻһЦȻֿԻᷢǵ£ȻʸμӴ˴񡣡
ǣԭӦǰμӣ֦ڣֺαضһ٣
޳Ļõֲɫ͵һ䣬ɫǣ޳˿ҿɣҽһУǴ˴ͽɶΪףֻӷԸ㿴Σ
Ӹղż̵ĽӴ޳Ȼ֣صʹ˵ƶ˶ء
ǣöģֲ񡣼ȻǴ֣ô޳ȻҪ˰ﵽˡ
˵ֲϴ϶ǻҲʵڿˡ
ã
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ֻҪܽһУұ˾Ļٲָֻš
ԼɣҲ޷ֹֻǵǵؿһ޳ֵܣСģ
ַģֻЩСѡ޳ЦЦ
ֲߵһСôϣҲЦó
𣡡
أһɫϷ˳ԼʮֻһȦȦΧת
ת֮ԽԽ죬ģǿҵķХҪռ˺ѳơ
ãǳɷ
ɫһ䣬ֲʩչɶ˷״µģﵽ˰˵ȵɷ
ɷԽǸ߼ζͻ֮ɷҲԽǿɷ㣬¾ͨɷǿߣҪһֽš
ƫƫһûгɷһٵķ룬֮Ҳ㲻Υ档ֻǣǿĹ޳ܵ
𣡡
ɷһ֧ǿǧʯĹݵһ޳һɫķ絶ƿշɳγһӿ
գۼ޳ȹ֮£·ʧȥз
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ۿǳɫնգҪǵӰûٿȻһƵĹâƿ𣬶΢΢̧һµ䴽л³Уǧ
ಣಣಣಣ
߶жܶʱʢ޳ͷһƬƬҶʢص̳¶¡
ХҶ֮䣬γһԲεķܣ޳ʵصС
벽
ֲ͵һ벽ÿһ֮жǳʹɷ۷ǿߣǳޱȿΣκһ㶼һȥϧ
Ϊͻǳıر֮
ԣ۷ǿԸ⽫ǳ˷ڶ֮ϣҲͼ˵ϡ١
ʹڸڵĵλûлõ벽ʹ͡ԣڼ޳оǳ˰벽֪жô𾪣
䣬ӵǸζš
꣬пԽ
Ҳϲϴηֱʱ޳ܵ벽ɷǿ׷ɱû뵽̶¹ȥ޳ȳ̶ȣһӵа벽
ȷһĽʹʦȫҲĪ
ߣŹһУ
ֲаȣ͵ٶȴ߶ɷǳɫС͡һ٣һУʱǴִıȥ
ʦ֣ףʩչѾɷһ٣۴
¡
ɫмٷȥʱжܹâ˺ѿҲһ֮£ײ촷ۡ
ǡ
Ǳ󣬳ɫţ˹ȥһڣǳ޳
ã
۲ȻɫǶҶڵߴӣҲͬʱһ䣡
ȻԷɷ֮ڣȻްַĻᣬ֡
Ѷ
ңɷ֮룬޳ֲ֣֮ʹԷ˿ҪȡҲǲ
ֲһ׼ôģ˫Ŀ¾ǶҲҪס޳

ڴʱһƳƿնغڰ֮У
ĿǱذɵ껺̧ԴǸֳһ˿ŪЦݣֲ񣺡㵱ֻô


906 ʹ
ǣкϷˡԪ˷ܵ
ոԪ֮зɳ⻰ûֱ׹ܻشʲôǲ߹ΰ޵еĲôĶɫҲ뱾Ტۣ˲һצץ
˵ڳһֻצӣ͵سǵɷȥ
أ
ɷ֮Ǿۺϲ֪ص֮۶ɣ䱾кܸߵԡϽȥǱĻҲȥΪ
ϧǣ۵ȼȣһء
ԣܵطһҽУηһţɪɪ

ֲ͵һɷ黥иӦʱ֪־ϢңƺʲôǿҪ֮ȥ
һȣס֣
һչһУһɫĵӰֱ֮Ը֣ջ۳һ֮Ρ
͵һӣҪ޳
ʦ֣㻹ǲˣѾΥһΣڻҪٴƻԼĳŵڶ𣿡ŭȡ
ֲţиֳ˵ĺɫ˫ҪǵɷʧĻȻ֮ǣʵҪ轵һΣ
Ϊʵǣ¾һسСˣҲǹ˲ˡ
ˡɷ֮黹ɡ޳Ȼֲ񣬵ĿǰұϾǴͬһսߣԷһѵˣûҪ̫
Ҫɷҵʵָܹһ֣ʩչҲаҡͷϣƵҧųɷ鲻š
޳Σ³ŵһٶΪѰҵһɷʹãŲ鲻Ըɿ˿ڡ
ಣ
һڣǳɷͷ˳ȥǰ˳ʱưȣʱĶĶǱ
ֲһæջڣеĺɫ
ζ˼ˡ
޳ĿǾȡɡŵɫֱڣЩ벻ףղŵʯ֮䵽׷ʲô顣
ʦֵ֣ܵʵͨ˰ɣӦûл˵˰ɣ۴Ц
ߡһֲҲûȥһתǷɳ˺ԺԶԶһ仰̵֮ʲôǡء֮Уκ޷ãʱ㻹ܱܲݺ
ʦ֣ϲ
ǸɬꡰҶͷ˵һ䡣ǣҲǺЦԶ۵˵ͷǶǰֲΪҲǿߣֻǰڶԷǿƣʵû취ˡ
۶΢ЦȻ޳ֵܣ㲻Ҫʦ֣Ϊһˣ㡣
޳ЦЦоóֲ񲢷ǱɷתΪ򵥡
ƺڻһص
ʹ߶ǵ޳ҲоԵĲѷɫҲܱ֤Ȼ
ˣ֣˵񵽵ʲôҪСܳĵطܷԸ޳
û뵽һʣ޳˴ԼвֳһĨж֮ɫ
Ҫʮǰ˵ʱϸΪǳʧʣµʹԷǰʵʮһֱǸΪ
ۼ򵥵ؽһ޳Ҳ˰ܹ֯
֮£ʹ۵ʦ𡰶˷ơʹ֮һ
ˣʹ֮ǵ˴˼仹̨ǰЩںأʵӰҲǾǰ
λʹѡһˣ̳и֮λͳ󣡡
뷨ãʹãִ꣬ûнգһΪԭʼķС֮սʹԣʤ߼ɼ̳и֮λ
֮սأһҪУ߶ԵӵĽ̵ԣڶ೤飬ѡŻΪԵص㡣ʹɳ°ʮ֮µĵӣֻ֣ȡеġߣвһֱԵʸ񡣡
޳ףԭˡѵȡʲôϵ

۽͵ǵһ֮Уسʮÿһ·϶᲻ʱ¡ˮη硯𡯣סɷεǿߣпӲǸʮ֮£Ѱһǿߣ
޳ȻȻӲʣµֻȡһ;ˣȡɵķʽΪݵɾʩչ
ҿ伮ֻҪﵽ˵ڶءǧ䡯ܰȻͨصĿ顣
޳ᣬæ͵ˣҾֵȥðա
޳ǲ⡣
˵һЩ֮£ҡͷпֻöսȴ֧עҪʧ飡ʧƵһ֧ؽ˥䣬ǰʦֲŻǰš
޳ͷʵҴ˴ǰ󣬻һҪ̶֡


907 ޺۵Ĵ
ħ𣿡
ǵ󣬶Ҳɫһ䣺йħɵһϢڱڤǾԵĽɣȻǰ֮صϢƾҵȨޣġ
ɣȻȥ֮ʦһ¡ħƺԴӵħһսǳ伣ܶ˶²ӦѾˡ
޳˫üȻ֪ħûĻԼײֱڣǻԲѡ
ǣԼжϵȻйصնսۣԼڵȵϸڣȻǺˡ
ԭд£
޳´ħԭ򣬶۳һԭħɵ־ȻôȻͽ뵽˱ڤ򣿺ߣһȺɱɾļһЩڰļһϲЩıƣڹĶġ
˵ħΪܳһӡǽһƣõ˹ϣõﾳǿߵĴУΪħӽӰ˵ľţϧҲܵħɵĹƻ󣬶Ϊħ
ţ䵱ħдɱ¾ʮɷ۷ǿߣǳ֣һս±ɫͬջħӴʹԳ֣Ž֮Ӷݶߡ
ﾳУΪħ
޳ʵλǿ˭
ʱ̫ˣҲǲ
۱ǵһˣδ̫ϣʾ֭˼֮£ŵǽš޺ۡΪҲħȵһţ¼λϴ˵ͽܣԺϢ⴫
޳УҲ֪ԼΪζ⡰޺ۡ˹עƺȫһʶı
峿
һ磬޳Ŷ۵뿪˻Ʒǣŷ˷ָ֮Саıӻٽе¼ŵӣҲƲ
޳ҲˣΪþ֮죬ԭǵĿĵعŻ֣ھƷٹ֮⡣
޳ԭѾһϺҪŵ䣬׼ȥ֮
ȻǲҪˡ
һ·С
ܿ죬ĿĵءһƬɫ󣬵ԾĹŻȥȻһȺٹֵ硣
ˣֵܣ󡣡
мһյƣӣƺǹͭɣһɫĹâɢ˵â
˻˻˻˻
ЩŻִ֦߰ʳǴ󿪵֦ȻһҲµĸо
ܿŵ֮Уǵ㶹ӴСĵƻȻһǣȻըγһŹ·裬˶С
צ֦ͳͳ˻ȥСǵķӦУϡоһ˿˿η塣
Ż֣Ǹһλֲǰ֮λǰǳֻһ֮ңϧΪףʵغޣڽ֮£
еĵƣλǰΪϲԸⱻ˴ţĵơֳֻĵ߲ͨ⡮ľ󡯣ĻʹɷĽٵǿǰҪ
λǰʱ߶ľȫԻɱɷ۷ǿߣ
޳Ծңλǰңңһ󣬱ܽ۷ɷǿ߻ɱڵָ䡣
ǺεȾ˵ƣ
ֱ֮ϣСҲɢ˷ܵȻҲԼĿꡣ
ףʲô
һ·еŻ֦ȴǣ޳ϡƺһӰӷŲ
ЩӰֻкӴСΪᱡȫ峿ıǷ֮ûаϢ
ңӳذ֮У޳֪Ҳ޷֮
Щľǣʵɱ֣֪ǿߡ
ͻȻ۾ȵֵܣǧҪȥ̽ǣ
ϧľѾˡ
أأ
޳ոսӴһӰĲҽԽֻľ·Ѫȵ㣬Хų޳
鷳ˣ
üЩľΪУһ˿ţѭ겨ץҪĿŪɡ
ĵȻԷ󹥻ҪԸЩľҪĺܶ
ߣԴ󣬲ֲȺ֮ЦĵƳǰȻ£ǳһġ
ʵЩҧͷ
Щľոս޳ڣǷľֱХܿ죬ǵʧ
Ч
޳ϲЩľӦһ壬Գٻҹ
ҹȻǽ׽ǽ飬޳һؾϲ


908 İ
ݣ
ľ֮󣬲δܿʧǻûһҹڡ
Щ֮ҹٶʵȻǿĳ̶ȲǺԣԭȱȽϣ޳ȴֱǲࡣ
ö
޳۾һҹǿͨþȻΪݣЧҲߡǣǵԴίʵ̫ѰңҲǻԵɺϣһΡ
ľһȥнܹȫգҲѵõĲ档
ಣಣ
ĶһٵĴòЩľĴ̼֮£ʮľٶȺХӿ
ۡЩľһرȻҹڡ
һΣһΡ
ʱ¾ɵҲܿ
޳Ҫ˼ľɱȻľ
֣ʱõֲ񰵰ʧһӿ𣺶⵽Ǵ﷢ֵĹﰡ
ף
أ޳һ֪Ƿ̫ѧԵʣʣµľȻҲܵġһֻֻȺЩŻ֮С
޳Դ룬˹Ż֦һۻ룬ȳ֮£޳Ҳһ֮ܵ
˿ջأ֮¶һĨźղһɣҹԼǿʮ֮һӡҪǿԽŻУеľͳͳɣӦܹٽһ
ǿϧˡ
޳ЩŻЩŻɱĨɱɷĽٵйͭĵƼԱԼˡ
ԣһЩľŻ֮Уް취
λڴ˵ֲǰʵͨ죬ӵҵͨǰԪðգõöеһö㻯ԼȺҲǰЩŻ۽͵
ԣ޳ʵ֣˵𡮵ʲô
ݶԣƺǰƬ޴ĹŻ֣֮õ㻯ɣǣȻ޷磬ǸݸղżΪԵıȻǽӽֲ֮У
뵱һöֲӣ֮ļսõ۲ԶɱҲҪȥ
ڣǰ飬֮ڵĹŻȫӵֲǱʣǺεȾ֮£
ľƷҵǲ֪˵ˣʹһˡħӡˣҲض
۵ãȴṩΪֺĴռ֮⣬⻹һôǡ

޳һ֮еСǧñһʱ֮˵֮䣬Ǻ֮¡
Ϊʹٶ࣬ǿߣҲǵָɱͲƣЩͳͳǾԵľӢ

ۺЦͣĿɲһġֲޣǡĨȥǣֻɱ¾࣡
޳͵һ뵽˷ü֮ԾЩ˿ҲǱĨȥǣʱٻս
Щ˿ڱƳɹͬʱҲʧȥֻͬһĴڡ
⡰ҪΪ£嶼Դţ
һȻؿܵĹŻ˵ЩŻȫһö㻯ҿشڵУǸǺεȿ£
ҲǺơȻУҶһĴʹáǣ޷ṩ㹻
ԣ˱ʱʱ̵̿ע֮УṩеġϢãһӦϣǱпܷ䡣
˵˴۲ҡҡͷЦãҲһĵһֻ֧Ҫһ²һɷǿƲ
ЩŻ޳Щˣ
ôŻʹǻֲһĵҲΪˣţͨܿҪͿա
ʹλֲܣҲֻõŻ㻯ǣȻפ档
һŻȺܹٿԽЩ
ԣȻ֪λǰµĴǸһֱûǰȡҲζ֮սʼг뵽Դ˴ΪԵص㡣
ãȴһõǰӴԴ༸ǿˡԣе㼦ߵζҲһֱûзϡ
ЩľʵһЩŻ壬ԣҪǣŻŻǿҵķ۵
޳ףĿǰʵȻܻȥЩŻԣԸ񣬶ǲò
ʱһҲ߳˹Ż֣ӳһȥСɵɫ֡ǹСȴǴһޱȲĸоǱ۾ǰһɽ
ǣֲˡһΪ֪Ƥҳˡ
˵Уһźɫۣӹ˫ϸ¶ޱ˳


909 
ߣҪ˵ҲӦ㡮Ԫɡǣ
ۼӣ㵹Ҫģһȥڣⲻ˽ʹҪ㡣
˿̣ǹŻ֮ǰ֧Ǵ죬ÿ¶ϢΪǿ
ÿ˵ʵ붼׼ɷ֮
ɬꡰҶ֪޳ףСصнԪɣ˸ҲһλʹʦĹϵΪӡ˴ν֣ǽҲҪĶ֡
öǰȡĶ鹲֧һ֧ͨء鶼ĻȻ֧һƵ
ʹ˴˼ȻԸǵʵ൱໥ɵŵ֮Ҳơ
ԣƵıȻԸĶһԼԪɣ
޳ͷЩС
ûκαʾҶһ˿ʧ֮ɫǺܿѹȥ
٣ۣ㲻һ֮Ҳ˵ʸţ
УԪ̤ǰһһһǿ͵˱ǰйɷӰڿճ֣󡪡
ɷ٣
ԪɵʵȻǴﵽɷ֮
ʦҷͳ죬ĵλҪ𣿡ֲ񵭵صһ̤㣬ͬһ˱ݺݵ֮Ժһ
䣡
𵴣ͬʱһ
ȻԶ۵಻Ǵ˿һ¶⣬ڧʱйؽֲȻֱ
һͷ޳Ĺ۸кתࡣ
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ž
һȭɷۣ˿˿õһֱ۱úǴ죬գʱ鱬һռ䡣
ֻӥֱӴ򱬣ӥӰҲǿͣ£޳ǰֲ
ΪҪѷɫֲһߣԲòصصֲҪ˺ƤʲôӦúһְѳöͲҭô
⻰Ȼ˵е˿˿֮⣬¶
˺Ƥô⻰ֵȶղŵ˭ǣ㲻ǰɣֲص
ӥһͣǿסеı˵ϻֲҪʲôۣɣ
ֲһ⻰˵ûãӥҵֲҡ
һ仰˶޳ϣ


915 թ
СӣңӥǷһ顣ӥȻصȻ޳ղչֳƥɷٵȻǲһء
⣬۱ǳԼҲҪԶԶǰꡣ
ԣԼ˵ѾǺܸ޳ˡӦڣȻ˫ַϵ
ǣô
޳ȻһЦָᵯ飬Ϊǰмֵ
һȫԾ
˵ʲô
ӥ˫Ƶâֶ޳ܹˣͽ⵨ԼС£
Ҫҿ㻹ʵݵİɡĻҵԸ֮УԶա
˵ţ޳ƾҪӡ
ţ
ӥŵðҲ˲üƽ޳ԼϵĿҪʲô˵ɣ
Ҫʲôöˡ޳Цһɡ
Ǳ̶ҧס촽ݷŽ׵Ĺһ˿͵ؿ޳һﵹǺõȻӥթ
˭û뵽ӥʱ޳ƾȻ˿·磬̸ЦһƬɡ
ݷɣԽۣ
ã
ݺݵһţӥһӣһ߰ɫӰǷ˳ȥ顱һڵϣصĴɽ£õ淢˲
ǵԶԶشȥòԶһҵĺХˮη赱գ
ɷһٵʵÿһ˵ʱӥ׶ڳ鶯߿ܣҲǺķ˾ţ֮ŵõ֡
һλûʹãҪȥʵЩۡ
Ŷ
޳һ֣ǽ߽ץǰߴһͭɫƤ֪õĺֲƳɣÿһȥǳС
ļ⣬ǿһȭ򱬲񷣡
Ӧһ͵ĽԹ޳ע⵽üһűʯԼԿʯڲš֡
һ޳漴֮𣬶Цƾ»ǲ
⻰һ˶ǳݵؿ
Сӣթô֪֪ԼթĶ˭
¾ֲ񣬶ǳһǰ޳ЩЦ޳ǵ͵ӥʱδепܱԷѹס
ʱԼվϣҲǻ޳Ķˡ
ȴûϵĵӾȻ֮󣬷ǵûнصթӥ
ǵûֵĴ㣬Ҫһ
Ҿ㣬㲻Ҫôߣӥŭ۽ֱ
޳˿ΪҲҪСүôУ㶫Ҳ롮硯ԶҪҪ㣬ļֵ
ӥȵԼûеʧȥ˲ڶرԵʸ
⻹С£ΪҪԺİ󣬽ûӥһ˵ʸʹݣͻᱻᣡ
㻹Ҫʲô˵ɣ⼸֣ÿһֶǴӥȻرų
޳üƺŵӥһ㣬Ҫ򿪴Һú
Ĭ
ٿȻӥٺһЦܺãĽǳãȻǵҲҪˣ죬ƴһ
ӥ׼ŭԪ˷ܣǱһߡ
޳еĪֻҪһ۴ôôԱ߶۽͵ӥҵ˵ǱҪҪĶ治Ÿֱλǽ˿ǵڶ¶ˡ
޳ŻȻӥҲ֪˵ǹŹ֣Т˳ȽϺãȻܹһֱϰס
ɣ֪ǰȡ˲ɷȫóȥΪһݽʲɡֲƲæ
ӥıɻ˼֣֪ƴԼòᶪ
ৣ
һһʯľ壬΢Ĺ£ɢ貵Ĺâ
Щǻɱɷ޶ãӥطԽΪ塣
ˬؽɷ˳ЩãԶδƷĳ̶ȡ
ֲһץ׸޳УƸֵ߲̤ܣӦ˲ٵĺöɣڣҲҡ
ӥǿס˷쭵ĳ嶯ȵ㣡˵ţһƴССӡ
ֲ޳õ޳ЩøСýӴ򿪣͵سһ
ԪԪӣ
棬ԪԪĿȻﵽ˾ſ֮࣡
ܣܽ
Ȼһ


916 ֮ǰϮ֮
ǰֶ߿ӥǰһץסԷӣ󣺡ӥ٣ӦӦֻҪҰͽЩԪԪӸңӦġ
ߣ
ӥصһ˦䣬÷˳ȥмص㻹˼㽫ƸҶҲˣǿԼӵȻҪԪԪӣϽ
˦ɰֶߣͺ˦һ
ӥ˵Ⱛֶ߱ӵɷٵʵǵֵԴһ
ǣһΪϡ
⣬ǴĲп֮
û˻ȥͬߣܹѹ߾͸ոˣ飿
ԣǿ߸ղǵΪֱǲ֪ӥûе֮ɱѾޱʴˡ
һĻ˶˾ռߣ࿴һȤ˶ûС
С
ֲĻû˵꣬ӥǴֲҾ㣬㲻Ҫ̫ˣĻȻƴŻȥѣҪܾˣ
ֲ΢΢һͣͷһҪ㲢ֻҪ㷢ģŻ֮УٶǶκ˳֣֮ͬˡ
ӥ˿ղɷǼΪϡԪԪӡʹҵ׻ҲǴгԲ
Ԫɴѵ֣ǧܴӦһǽ¶ô죿ΪԵĹϵó֣Ҫ׸
ӥݺݵصһۣƻԼܻݵľءߵһͲͽֲˣܺԼɣ
˵ţԶԱԪԡ
ˡ
޳еĵ˹ȥЦŹ˹֣лӥֺ
ߣСӣҼסҵĶɲôõģҺúôţԺҶʮûӥݺݵص
ʹ֮ȻǱ˴˼仹žЭЩػҪء
ԣŻ˶˶һºҲѰơǣĨƽҪһطй
Ȼ޳õĶˡ
޳΢Цң㲻õᡣ
ԴгǱ޳ԽţûһлᳬԽ
⣬޳š
֮ǰϮ֮У
úúã
ӥ˿ϣһ죬㲻ҹģ
䣬Ҳȥٻ˸Լһ뿪
ߣˣӥⱲӵĳɾҲڴˡ
ȻؿһȥӥӰԪЦֲ񣺡ڣõ˵ʱˡ
ˣԪɸòԴҩ˰ɣ
ʹұ˴˼Ħֲ˵ҲǺҵȡõôսעֻǿֶأһ֧Ҳʧȥ˴ζ֮սʸ񣡡
õζպҲڰռһϯΪûеõ֮㽫رԵԸղӥŻǰ鼱
ô
һЦԪصֻ£Ǵ
ߣƾô
ֲŪһЦɷٶӿ֡սֻѷɫڰﾪһˣǺ޾⡣
Ԫɱ죬һԲڴʱﾪ컺˳֣ҿһ㿴ɺã
ֲ͵һ۵Ҳɫ
ﾪؼʱվ˳ڿҪֹȻԼһ
ΪѾԼռݣֺһ٣
ֲɵԷΪǳ뽲
Ƕʹ󲻹꣬ҴʷƾãҰһֱڡռõ·ϡĸо
ﾪǶʹҲáԣҿ㲻罫óһȫ֪Ҳ޶ʹǰ
ˣȫ㿴Σ
ﾪȻҪһò׶õֵĵóԪɣ
Цʲô·ϣǰʱ˻Ĺˣϣ£һжűҪ֮սʲôһվȱ˭þãǸΪ㣿ŭ
ţǲֵĹˣ
ﾪһɷӰȻ֣仨ʢͷԲɣһ
ɷ֮
ֻһﾪ֮ӵСΪɷеǿߣ
ƫ̻ԪɣҪǿҪҵȵҵȶʸҵ˥΢ֵ֮ӹǲ޳ܹأ
ֲϺȣﾪ죬㵱һ첻ɣ
һŭ߳ðﾪɫ£ֲ񣺡˵ˣ֮УҰﾪ죬ǡ졯


917 
Ұﾪ죬죡
һ£ɰﾪɷХƣ˴ת֮伫γһԲεĽ𻷡
ħ
̲סͺǰһǿߡ޵Сĳѧǰ벽Ĺ
似Ϊѣȼλĳϼʣµ˸ûпա
û뵽ﾪ챾ʮ꣬ǲ˹
ɷٵʵٽȹ似ڳ˿ƥС
ǼҸݺݣȺֵħ
ﾪȻӹˣֲͣϣڣǷ񹻵ʸֹˣ
乫ʵȫһɣﾪһ׿ʵƵ˵ͷ
ǣ֪һ㣬ǿʵ˻Ǻް취һ֮ɫԶ۵Ϸ
ڴʱֲݺݵһҧһ˿ɫԶԶ
͵سȭصسŵؿ£䣬һâĿڳûΪһƬӰ
Ӱ֮Уһλᣬĸ׳ͷԴϵһ޻ĺС
ͷƺܵĳεĴ߶˫һɨѹȫ
ɷ֮꣡
ﾪĵ͵һͣŵؿֲ񣺡㣬ôоɷ֮ꣿôʩչɷ֮꣡
Ҳһʦ֣ʹڣһʦҲǺޱֿ
Сӣպ֮;սڴˡ
νɷ֮꣬ǳȡһλǿǰĲԪԼɷγɡ
һ֮߶ӵλǿߵ
ƼΪãǾɷ֮ʹиƣǾǡ
һʩչʹߵΪ޿ܻý
ֲ֮պǶɷΪٽһԣ۲Żʹû뵽ֲΪ˱סȻܹ
ԭˡ
޳ͷֲ֮жһ˿⡣ԭԼֲ֪ڵȻ⾫ɷ֮ꡣ
ԭƣѹһֱʼղá
ۣҪСӣϽֲȣǰİﾪ졣
һҧҪԼǿȥֲֻװ˷ѡǣ͵תҪк޳һȥ
ߣûôף
ԪɶϺȣʱﾪ֧һ֣һⲨٵգγһԲε񷶥
ⷽԲɣΪңԶϷͳͳ񷶥֣
󣿡
ȻԪɣ㾹ȻøڶԸе󷨣ǳ֣
󣬼ÿһλʹᡣ֮£ߣΪɱ¾أһʱŻᶯãײʩչ
û뵽Ը֮ͬˣ
ߣҽԪ˵·߼ΪУԹԵؽңҿԷ뿪򡪡
ԪһȻЦǣҪڴˣ
㵱ֻӵк𣿡
Ҳӿֳһɷ֮ɫ˫ʮָһָۣһڽɫĵҩ
ҩһͳɢŨϢңⷭŸָ
ЩȻ̸вͬΨһͬޱȿ񺷵

ԪɲɫԾɫĹΪƾһܻɱңתս֣͸
Ȼ֮ǿߣɡһŵҩ֮£Ĩɱκɷǿߣ
֮޲𹥻ԽԪɲǺܵġ
ǣֻɭȻһЦҪģԭͲϮɱ㣡
䣡
עɷָ֮УһӴǰʱը
¡¡¡
󵱳˺ѳһӡ
Ȼ󷨵ǿҲҪ˭ʩչƾЩʵɷһٵ˵ӣֻܷӳʵʮ֮һ
ֵܣӣͻʦ˴ʦԻΪҵֻع
У۷˽ԪɣҶȵӣҲǺɫ¶ٵ˳ȥ
֪Ψһпľ޳
ʦȻʵҲǿƥаﾪˡԼˣûһǽԪɶ֣ܵĻҪ˶೤ʱ䣬Ҫץס
ֻ޳пƾٶȣӳ죡
ЦҪˣǱٳıôõļƻѵҪ޽ճ
Ԫȣһȭ˶ۡ
ɷеĶǿߣһȭ֮Юɷ֮һǽ۵˵ֻ
ǣ۰Ȼһֱۣɫһ͵Ĺ켣Ԫɣ

Ԫһƽɫ飬ֹѹ˶۵Դ
Ǳֲﾪ켤ս״𣺡ԪɣǸ˶ʦ֣ʦһˣΪҺȫӼʦô
ԣԪҲǲɫһݣȭΪƣݺݵ˶۵ĲСӣҪлϻ£˸ڣ
ӰХʮɿռ䣬Юųص¡
أ
ʱһֻ޳ƺմݺݵ֮Ժһ
ǿһֵĺ˵ը𣬽Ԫɵɳ£Ǻ޷֮ø߸߷ԶԶصȥɣ
һ֮£ȫԾ


918 ䷨VS
˻
һƬ˵Ǵ͵򷽲ŽսģǵֵӰ
̶һһȻӵǿ
֮ǰȻ޳ֶսֻ߲̤֮ɷȰˣĶǿ߲Զ
ǣԪɿǻʵɷٰ
ǿʵȻҲһкɣ
Ȳ˼飬ԶԶس˵¾Ǽսеİﾪ˶ͣЩš
𣡡
أһ̺ޱȷŭ𣬽Ԫһʮ⼤ض޳֮Ǻŭ㾹͵Ϯ
ǣ͵Ϯô
޳һЦָһһĨŪЦ𣺡ս㣬мʤ㣿
˻
⻰һ˿޳ڿһӣ
֪֪꣬Լڸ˭˵۷ΪʹӵһЩֶΣȻ͸˳ŪԪɣ
ǿûˣ
ԪһȵȻˣҪΪԼĿ۵ľ򣡡
𣡡
Уɷӿǿûƿն裬γһһϸâ
ϸâ֮䣬ٵڿγһһġķţ˸뵣Ϣ͸
䷨
ԪɵҲһƺյķ䷨ʼƮɸΡһ䣬ǺһǺӹâ޳
ֵܣܿǰ벽ܹһ飡۾
ܵÿô
ԪһЦ֮ǺӷתһĴа
һž޴ͣ롪
ţ
һʱ䣬޹ĹӰǵصس֮УĹһ˵ǰ棬ݺݵҧ޳

ʱ޳ȴһ˴۾Ķ
ûа㣬һЩթӥɷġһɫйâɷۿɱٶȿٵʧ
󣬰ɷХӿ޳塣
һı޳Ƥ澹Ƿ˵Ľ⡣֮£õȻһͭˣĿ֮
ɷ壬֣
̶΢΢һüǡ벽ɷǣΣ
Ȼ޳ܹڼս֮УΪһףίʵЩˡǣ㣬ܽԪɣɻЩ˵Ρ
ԪҲ뷨һЦ˵벽ɷˣȻܽΪɷΣܵסҵ
𣡡
շûӰ׷ХһҪɷζȻ޳
ӭ⾪˵㾰޳ȴ΢΢һЦ̧ԴôңҲС

һڷ޳ߴѨӴע֮£һӰ𣬵ն
һ֣Ӱ˫һɲʱƥǿɨֱЩӰ
ࣣࣣࣣ
ӶֻЩӰ֮ƺȻһͣǵͣ
·һ˾ֹеһжֹͣ˻
⣬⣬ǡ
Ԫ˫صɴŵؿǵӰӰ
벽ҲǿǿıܹٻӰǽشġ䷨ȻҲǲˣĴǰǲֵһӡ
䣡
βն裬ݺݵһǳ鶯֮£ǽӰͳͳ˷飡
벽Ҫɷ߶ܽӵ󻯳̶ȡ޳ԭɷԪ֮У컯Ϊ۷壬֮ƥκɷһǿߡ
ɷʩչǿԿǿߣ
СӣĹ㲻Ԫ̰֮ɫʢ
뵽벽ɷΪսԼ⹦ѧ֣Ǹǿ
޳ҡͷ⻰ƺСү˵Ϊǡɣĳ֣ǰҲ߱˵񻰵ĵ̰
Ԫɱ̵Ƥ࣬۾з죺ߣ㵱ղžҵȫʵôȻ˲֪ôǱʶʶҽش
ˣ
ҵٶֻһķĳ֡һץܿǽЩģĺХһ
ܿ죬һƽɫĳģ
ƽѣľǸӰġһ񣬻ƽʱɢһǿĲңңȥӰǵ
ɷ飡


919 ٶ
ߣȻǹǿΣΪ㣬վֻǾˮ£һӰѣ
ֳֻƽĹԪһЦŪؿ޳̫޴ˣװ˷ҴĴûᣡڣֻҪһӽĹһУ֣ǣأ
ô
޳ӰƣϿ˿֮״ӭŶԪɼı飬һЦȷܰ쵽ô
٣ͷ㾹Ȼƣ
ԪȻϽֳһĨɫǲײĲᡪ
ᡱֳڣԪɵٿȻһ٣ȵľ֮ɫӿ𡪡
֮ڣֻ޳ӰһΣǵӰٶȳͣ⻹㣬Ӱ֮ԣȻٶȳһӰ
һģһӰͬʱ¶ڿգɢ˳Ϣһ𷽲ţǿĲҪǿ˱ÿռ·ҪƵġ
淨
Ȼ֮ǰҲֵ߲̤ˣԪȻ淨İء
˿̼޳ʩչУֻ΢΢һȣǲмһͣȻٻŵ淨Σʵ㣬ٶһʲôô
֮ǰ޳ʩչŵ淨ԿǿߵһĻԻ˵⻰
£һνӰǵָ顣ȻٶһЩҲɷ飬ʲôá
ô
޳һаĻȣŵôʮһΣ
䣡
£ǿÿһǿҵңңҲ˶Ĥһۡ
֮һ˵ľڵգüһĻ˶ǲȻɫ
ʲô
Сӣôӵǿľ淨
¾ĸߵİﾪ죬˿̶̲ס龪䣬׶¶˲ȷ顭
֮У޳һ֮£صǳʮһ淨
ÿһһӰ
֮һ̣޳ղŵսȻ˰ʮһ
Ԫ۾ͻƵظ߸߹ţյƺҪ⣬ôྵ淨
˵淨ٶϼߣҲκá
ǣҲû뵽ôడ
ʮһ淨յģǼǾ淨ҪǮⱾһ̣Ԫмֱһͷڶ
ȷʵֲǣӵһ̶ȡҲԵòôҪˡ
һҹ裡
޳ӱһȣеľ淨ұ΢΢֮Ӱ˫ƥľɨγһɵĲغɨʡ
һȺҹҪĺڰȻٵĻ֮Уһɫһִ֣βͶʱ˦
·޾ƺաˡһ£Ļ㱻ƶһֲ׺תǬϢس˽Ԫɡ
Ӳţʹթûƭӣ
ԪɱһĻƵñٷ񣬱У͵˦˳ȥصغǽɫӰ
¡
һ춯صֻ֮βײһɲʱ˶ݵĽ͡
꣬ءһһλ˰˷飬һӰ𺳵ɢ
ɲʱ춼ǲȱӰ˲һ˲ЩӰͳͳûΪɻңɢ
ۣ
һ֮УȻ˽Ԫеĸˣ٣ҲȻһһѪ¶ա
ৣ
һ֣޳ǧɷֱ
֣ң
ɱﵱ٣Ԫ͵һͣ񱻳Ƶģޱȡ
ԣ޳һǺ޷ֻ֮ؿŽƽһִδоסģŵ˫һһƬʪյġ
ס֣ﾪŭһħҪɱ޳
ֲһɷ֮Ϣٶȱǣۣغ˰ﾪǰ
һ̣սѾȫת
޳ԪɵһȨȫյԼУһ䣬ȫΪλԼСӵ꣡
أ
ﾪ챻õˣŭֲӦҪǽԪڴ˴ĺ
ߣǸղҪɱһʱֲֺЦ
ҲһԪԼһپ޴ѹºλʹضˡ
ǡ
ԸҲҳȥֹ޳޳޿ɵʵ֤ӵоԵҾȨ
κˣûʸȥָʹ
Ҳ޳ҪɱԪɣǻδڣǰ¶˾ģ޳־Լȫ֧֡
Ǳߣǧɷ٣һɱ֮⣬ڽԪɾ֮С
ٿȻһ٣
ĮȻ޳л³룬Ӧò⽻ЩǮɣ


920 Żر
㣬㲻ɱң
Ԫһѿʳ仰
Թ˷׷׾ԪɺôҲһˣڰڲҲǶȻ˵ȷĻ̫ô
ԪɻһڣԼҲ򣬵Ƥڴؿ޳ңسĻ˵޳һŭ֮½Լ
ԶЩ棬ʲô
ǣɱʲôôô
޳һЦǧɷᳯǰһˣڿʼ۰ɡ㣬ĿԼӥĵ
ȻҪҲֻӰ쵽պְˡ£ҪԼ
⣬޳֮⡣
ݺݵҧҧԪɵҲɷȫ㡣⣬ﻹһȫ㣡
ǿҺҲǱز֮һЩǿĹҪһԣ߲εԪ򣬶ǾԵӲͨ
ЩͳͳڰգһʱվǱʣεһĿѣû뵽ĽԪɣһвʱȻŧ֮ǰЦӥ
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921 ɷ֮

޳һЦȻһĨ䱸֮ɫŮȻȥΪرǿҲԪ൱ĳ̶ȡ
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922 ʵ
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923 ټС
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ڣ֮ƻʧȥо㣬е޳ġ
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925 
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ջʶרעɷָΪ
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һֱ¾Ǽ޳˵ػܽԪɣ̶Ϊ֪Լӵףʵ֮ǿȫԳԶꡣ
ڣʵݺݵظһǰƣ
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̶ֶ㣬֪ڵܷΪԼֵĴҵڵĻᣡ
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̶һľţˣƺ޳չֳʵŵˣ׷еֿ
߰˲֮󡪡
ಣ
ӰһΣطɳһѴӷһֻСޣС
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СŶƤץԲ۾ɨһȦһ޹ع
٣СǶðȻŻֲҪĲرԸǲǺܺΪ׷һ·
̶еľһɨգԭܼ򵥣ǹŻֲԭĪԨԴǲսֵܡȻƷԸ߽̰࣬ͼزرҺ󱲣رжٻôһЩȨġ
С˹ŻֲһӡȻҲ֪ӦβܵõŻֲرȴ
޳ˣѹ̶һֱԼԭŨ֮УСԼ֮׷
ڣõбͳͳҡҾһ
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926 ŹȻ
ôҲһʹˣȻвˣ̫𣿡
޳ص
Сܵܣ˵㻹̫ѽ
̶Ƶصܿܣ㲻ôֻҪܹõ㹻ĺô±˵ΣҳΪĽǿߣǶݰպпΪʶ񵥣һ죡Ǹʱ˶ֻǼǵ̶ǿߣ˭ֻ֪ҽΪ
̶Ȼ˸ޱȵģǹǸҰĵŮӣΪ˶޳е֮ϧκֶΡ
ǧҪ˵Сһûκθ飬ҿ֪Ȼʵǿͨƶ֪Ϊ㲻ʵܽرеı㣡
̶ȻǽеĿԶƵˣβסϵĵ⡣Ȼ޳ʵҪʤһֻҪﵽ֣ʵܽɷĽ٣һֱԵķԾζ򶥼֮У
СӣԴɲҪ衣
Ǳ˳Ҳ˲ɷеص֮˿һӶܵõҪǾôȥүˡ㡣
Ԫû˵ȻĳֲϣҲͬԡ
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޳˿һ֮Ǳٻ˳̶
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޳üһ̶˵ԭǻɫľƬԭľƬ˹ŻֲһĸѹСǵʱķӦǰ㼱У޲һȥƵġ
Ҳ㡣
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Ҫҽ֮Уȫ㣡ҿԼ
̶һΣ۵¶˻֮ɫǰּװľ֡
޳Ϊۣȭغ䡪
飡
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˿˿ӵϢգƫƫֻ𣬰۵΢СС֮ζ
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ʹ޳ĶҲǲΪ֮һܿ죬㽫أȭǱ䡪
ǣһ˲Ҳ㹻
̶˫֮УһĨۺɫĹââתγһݵС
޳һǾԴһΣ˶ȥ


927 
䣡
о֮к˱Уʵȴǣ޳屻˽ȥ
ɲʱ޳гһĻ澰
һŮӸ߸ߵضڴϷ֮񷣬мޡһѩɫƤë֮·Ǹ߸ϣ鲻ԽؾҪ¹
ע⵽޳Ůϸ˫һ˫𣺡£
£££
һȳϻصڴ֮У㷭ӿ֮γһǿѹصؽ޳
ףȻȺһľѧȻʣ
Ԫ龪ȵصһ˿޳ܹ谭޳жԻ
֪޳ףǽ͵Ⱥһǵ͵ŮΪӵĵλǺܸߣλߵͨΪŮԣҲΪȻʡȻǿͳ˧վǰе˶᲻Խоɥڣѡ񳼷
ʵȻõһ꼼ܣҲԳΪʵѹѹ֮£Ҫ˵ˣ¾ǲǿߣҲʶظ׳ƳԸΪȹ֮
޳ҲǸоǹǿѹУǺŮӵĳ֣ѹڲǿ
ƺԼѡΨǴӵĻĪ
֨֨
޳оÿһɢ֮·ǳܲסǵѹ
ȻЩǴԭЩܲסˣ
ùѹǿļܣ
ȤȺһļôƵƵ֣ϴǸжȵŮӣʩչȺһĻ֮ǵ̶ȻֱӹȻѹԪԵʮֺ档
ۿѹԽԽǿ󣬶Ԫ黹ϾѰף޳һԪˣܲܿһ㣿ȸôȥ˵
屻Ƭ̶γɵ磬޳һսӲ¾ӵо淨ӵа벽˿Ҳûá
Ϊȫ޷Щ
ʲôѵȻѹǲúһôӳȥ̫˷ˣԪŹֵشЦ
ܿ죬ǵҸ˵ôȺһǿĹҹ𰡣
޳͵һһĨϲ֮ɫЩԥ㲻˵Ⱥһ֮ŮΪôٻҹô
ȻҹǹһģôһԺɶޱȸԣ״̬һŮԴϱߡ
һһŮѹסˣЦɾִˡ
٣¼£֮䣬ͲȻȻǿԵȺүǰҲ¶СŮ״
Ԫ˵ôЩףǵʱ޳Ҳû취ˣֻѡġ
䣡
һҹճ֣Ȼڴ֮С
һҹȻһ֮оȻ¶һ˿Եɫ
ҲҲУ
޳ɴ˫ۣ֮ҹ̤ǰÿһǿ粽ʮɣֱȻʡǰȻˣҲǱһϢѹͳͳʧ·Ŀǡ
ٳ·Ҳ˵ͷʱڣȻһˤȥ
໺𣡡
ҹ𷢳һŭ𣬾ȻǺܿѹȥ߹Ůѹ¡
أ
ȻʷһߵΪһŮʵѹȫʧʣµֻһƬҡ
ҪܣҪƿҹ𣬵ǰȫʧȥеĵֿޱȡ
ҹݺݵһ룬ȻʾǷõĽ

޳̲סһϲһĨ죺ҹɣ
Ȼʣ̶γɡ
ҹȻڣ޳ĸоԶǳҰȻ̶ǲϽӭϡ
һ̢֪˶೤ʱ䣬ʶγɵ˶ãǱһ֮ɫ⣬Щ˵ζĳʪ

ڣҹ𷢳һµȻ֮Ƶһܿ죬޳оһ뵽˺֮ڡ
ף
ǹӿ֮£ҹϢܿ쿪ʼǣ
ԭľ֮Ѿﵽһٽ㣬ٵõļעʱʵգۼѾܹɷ١
ⷬô
޳һûϸ֪ǰμ仯
ʧȻʵӰҲǲ̶֮ӰԣԱ
޳΢΢һУ̶չֳԼֶΣѾضɱġ˸ղһĻжЩΪѡ
Ȼֻ˹ս֮䣬ܵĹϵ޳ٺ׻ɱҲЩΪѡ
û޳¶ģ̶Ȼһ˵Ķ


928 Ů
̶Ȼӯӯ£ӣ³һݼˡ
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޳һ𣬱鳹һƬ͡
Ǵ˿̴̶ʶ֮Уز겨޳ЩҪΪˣŪʲôıơ
٣ȻʱһıֻüΪ΢ȻʱûȻʱȻǴ̶ͬ
ԪһϷ˷Ӵ֮֮ǳ¶ΨǴӵӡˡ޳ϲ㰡ԺҪһĹŮˡ
޳Ȼεӣû뵽Ȼᷢ顣ķչίʵЩԤϣǵȳ̶ȣҪ˵ݵȥʩչɱ֣Ҳ򲻿ˡ
Ϳþɡ޳ЩͷۣԸ
̶ûиղǸòƷɣǷǳ˳ӵվ޳ķԸһӡ
ܿ죬þʧ޳Ҳǻعڡ̶еķۺɫâڿȴ
һУ̶ǹص޳Ը˿Խ
ףȤ̫ȤˣŮ˿һѲССӣô̵ôˣ
޷Ԫһ޳һԸղŷһ֪ǿأСӾȻаɧԣȻŮ͵̣ǣǡ̫ñĽ˰
޳˸ۣˣЩΪѵؿһǹվԼ̶Ԫ飬Ů˸ò⸱ģ˰ɣ
ЩͷۣҪ̶⸱ģȥ֪ĺ䶯ʱ򣬱ضԼҪ鷳
⵹ǲᣬֻҪǳǰһˣֹа仯Ԫ
޳˿
ϸشһŵ̶òϣ̶ȥݶԣòǼΪޣƽκһŮӣǲضá
ӣǾӨ˫ĺ
ٿȻ
޳͵һȻ̶üģ
Լ֮䣬·һɫĻȼա
ϤһĻǰʱõһĨ֮ɫ
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ʱСͻȻ޳ļβɨ޳üң·ڸһ㡣
ǣСһ
޳Դͨղѳ̶һĻҲ֪СɲϿ
ƺų츳
һ޳ղŵĻɻʱȥ룺СɣܲȽͳȥ
Сգգһ۾漴βͿٵڵɨһһӿܿǰס̶˳ȥ
Ȼ֮Żб޳ǵǱ̶õһʱ
ʶ֮е漫ΪΣųŻ֮Ӧû˻ᷢ
ֱ˿̣޳˫΢ħɣǵֿ泤
ղţ̶ü֮вģǻħǻ
೤ϣˡʹߡ֮޳ϴȻ̶ϵϢҪǾǻħǻɣ
֮ҲǾһƬ
޳п
ִһӣһã޳ʱ׼֮ͻΪϾĿǰɷۻǺ֣ܳƷ̫ߣóóȻͻƳɹʲ
⣬޳СǻȻ󽫹ŻнôУС˷֮飬ʱ֮ȥ漴ĳ˯ڡ
գ޳̤˷еĴϡ
չÿһֻܽ䣬һηɢ޳˳ȥ
֮⡣
۵͵Ⱥڴˣһ޳֣ӭֵܣǳˣǺһġ
Ǿ֮Ѱñûеʱ䡣޳ȴһ˼졣
ʱǰӥһж飬̶֮飬뿪
Ͷˡ
޳Цȭ漴ʵ֪λڲرջΣ
ۿһֲ񣺡ҵнɱʦֵҲǲ࡭ֻʦ֣ջΪḻõʮǳ
Ŷ
޳΢ܹõʮǳ˲õĴ
Ҫϲøǡֲһģư
ǿɲУǳҵ˷ˣⱲҲ֪²ܴ㹻ư벽ʦֺúŰɡ
۵Դֲ֪Ϊ˰ʦõϧ߶ɷ֮λʦ־Ͷһ㷢Թ𾴡
Ǻá
ֲӲһЦظ󡪡
䣬һɱȻ𣺡ǣǲػȥˡ
糱ɱ⣬ӿ


929 ŵɱ
ʲôˣ
ֲ͵һ˳ֵϢͷųϬɱ⣬ԼЩҪ֮
ԼĿǰΪ˵ȫǲģʹǰﾪǵǿߣҪһ㶼ǼΪǿ
֮ⰵǿɷǿߣ
޳˫΢УӶֻ߳һˡ֮һۣȥȻһձˡƫƫ˾쳣ƤҸйΪʢ
Ǹ;ǳѮŮУȻǹϡ֮ˣȫֵʢڵ׳ꡣ
Ȼʮµǿ޷ȣȻЩһɫΪߴɷһ˵ΪǴﵽ˶֮
ݣԵ߸һͨˡ
ϻ꣡
ֲ˫֮¶һ˿֮ɫôҲû뵽ǰ֮˻֡ʹˣҲӦ˵Ŷԡ
Ϊһ˶Ƕʦһżȵ𾴣˵ΨǴӣڶҪϺһݴ
ֲ񻹲ֹһμӣضԶʹŵ
ϻ꣬ӦԼʲôɣ
ɫǾӢҲǻƷȹе¡Ǽˡ
һɷǿߣҲӢˣһ֮
һ̸СҲ˶˵ô
ϻһڱǳ˺Ƥݺݵһ¶۵ӡ
ֲıٿȻϻ˶Զ˵ɲǼ򵥵ʦܣһ
ϻ꣬ǶһִưһӦɱѰʲôĺ̨ȻѾǳ֣ôºӵĺǣҶһ׷ɱЩӦöѾ˰ɣ
ֲģ˿вֻǼ򵥵زһʵʵҲˣ˷ڰڵĵλ൱һɵĶսϣ
鱨㣬ȻⲻЩ˵飬Ҳû鷳µӱ׷ɱǿڵӶֽһնɶ˷
˷ƵĴҲһѪ뱩֪жټ½½֡
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񣬾Ȼ˵ҶĵӣΪصĴĺ˳֡ǽж˷֪ؽһֲȷѪꡣ
׷ɱƥҪ⹷׷ɱɣֻҪĵǶһʧȥ˶ĻᣡʱҵҪǻʲô׷ɱǵĵλǴǰһѹʺǲһŵʸûУ
ЦϻȫûΨΨŵŵģһƬޱȵ֮ɫ˫֮С
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ǣҪǵĵοûѰɣ
ֲҡͷЦһ̤ǰɷ֮긡ֶһɽХǿѹŭ˿һ㣬ǰ
Σ죬ҲҲ
ϻɫһȵ֣
ǿͬʱһǿϢӿ
ɱ
Ҳһȣǰ˴ʦֵǼȻǶһˣȻ֮
¾ΪɬġҶǺݺݵһҧּĿһź˸򣬳ǰ
ڴʱöҶֵһĻ޳ͷ͵һǱصûһ£
ɫ䣬֣Сģ
䣡
ϧΪʱ
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ֲû뵽ɱӱ⧲֮£ʱǵ˺ġ
أ׵ըѶֲۡһɷ֮ȻɢȥŴǱд򴩣ޱȿɲƳǰ
ʦ֣۾ŭӣ˫ĿһƬѪ죬۽ģҶ
˭ϵһֱоĶҶؼʱ̾ʩչһ
ǶֲۣԼ¾ܵ˶Ҷȫһš
ţǸƽﱻԼѵ˿һ꣬ǸԼش
һг֣Ҷתɬ֮⵴Ȼ޴棬΢˫ü뱡촽ӳģɢ޾а졣
ʦ֣лʦܵ׻׻̻壬ҲʦҺúûرʱˡԣʦµȥɡ
͵رȣҶһƱߵֲüģҪֱӽѳɷĩ


930 Ҷ
䣡
ǧһ֮ʣһֻ޳ңңĳһǣһ񺷵ʱ˰ƿշڶ͵ײ˶Ҷ

ҶǱģǰ췭ظı仯ΪҪǣһʵҲ˼ΪĪı仯
Լ޷赲һƣһΡ
ԣԣԣ
һһһһʮӰ֮УÿһǴһռϲ㡣
һʮӰɢǿҲܹһ㣬Ž˳ԾϢ
ЩȻȫǾ淨
ԭҶһֱڲ׾۶գҪ޳
أ
ըҶǱڰмģվȡ޳ղǱɱһҲǱȫ
ǣ޳㵹ųҵԤϰ
ҶǹճһĨаЦݣ֪һˣˡɣͶңҿԱ֤պո¶ͷǡҿ񵥣ջǰԪĻᣬô
ⶡҶ֪ĵ˵ú񵥱ԣҺ԰֮԰ѡһ㣬˭룬˭룡
ǣǺ˵
޳סֲһƻ˽ȥֲܵʵ̫ˣӵĴУǿһİ취ֲ϶ǲ뱸ҲɸΪ֮ˡ
һûסֲ״̬һҡͷȻǿܣҵԸŰ㵱ʹ֮ʱһҲĵɣ
ҶƤʱһ飬ƾɰ̵ŭӿ˫֮бӿһŰû˰ʱЦݡ
ɱɶСӣ
ϻݺݵصҶ˫֮У̺ޱȵ۰

ֲǿסʹüʣҶ㵽ʲôݣ
ܹһɷٵǿ߿ڳơһ֮£ǱžԵķء
ܹ֮ǿߣһ㶼ǼжԵǿߡǿߣ׳ˡ
Ϊ˷ƵĴӣֻ߶⣬ûǵʸ񣬵õǿơ
ݣ
ͻȻҶһЦЦԳޣޱȵĺŭõ޶˵һݣǿҵľ֮⡣
ЦٿֹҶϲֺЦ⣬ضֲ񣺡ܺʲôݣҶ㲻ǵãô󴫣ׯûӡ󣿡
󴫣ׯ
ֲһһƼȵ֮ɫǾȻδ
˷ʱϡ֪䣬ʦڰлûнյĵλʹλĻһλնǿߣ˲ʵ׿һִһׯʵۺ
֣Ϊ˶ʹλã˫ʩֶΣԶ˷ƵʤΪ֡
Ȼһʷ˷˵ýΪ赭дǴֻƬ֮Уȴǿ̲еѪȷ磬Լ޾ɱ¾

Ҷδü˵ϻҹɰЦȻ˷Ϊ߶ػգܽǴׯɱƥ̫ˣ
ׯ֪ĺΪһϷСүǱءԣջٴׯҲδڳǴСүӹһ٣
ƥҲû뵽ҾȻүɳ֮󣬰аү˷°ɣΪζƥ֪һûڵİɣ
˵ԼΪֱʣ̲סЦЦǺҡ
ֲû˵ǵûа֮ͬǵʤǶ󴫣ʦ³ͬޱҡ
˼أҪٵ
ȻܹŶҵĶӹһ٣ӦúúòţһѪУƫƫҪѵΪƾǣܹԿʦ𣿡ֲص
ϻ͵ҲϣƾҵȣȻĶʹ˵Ķ֡ǡ
۾֮һⱬֻҪܹɱǣõȻе˿Խƥ
ԣ
һǽըϰ𣬹ϻһ׵͵صֱһӣһʸĹӰǱ
Ӱɳۣһ֣Ǻɾ룬ңңشֲüģ
Ӱٶȿþˣգۼٽֲ˫üУһǳǳİȥ
أ
ʱһƵĺը𣬽һʸڰա֮ǰָ̽黨һ飬ǽ֮¡
ѭָϿȥֻһӰ߳ӭŹϻ˵鵭ģսãôߣʹСүͬô


931 ֮ս
Ҷ˫۽зһĨɭ֮⻺³޳ԭɵ֮ϣްɬ
һֱ³ֻǿͷΪһߣڳ˿ס㡣ȷҪΪⲻɵ
ҶȻ޳Ҫǿս㣬ǿҲ
˿̵һаϢ֮ͫУ·˿˿Ѫɫӿ֡
ǡ
޳ЦҡҡͷһЩ˲ǲɣ޳ֵܣΪǶкηڶƾǣҪҵǻûǵȿܡ
һûκ˻ߣȴκεĺ׳Ϊ
壬ɱ
Ҷٲϻն
ǣ
ȻСҶһִͬӣǹϻһֱ𱰣ʼձ֮ӦеĹϵ
öҶһʱӦ漴һ
һ繭ң˿ȻһŹһž񹭣
һ˻꣡
һȣϻ˫һ䣬ֺݺݵһ˦
ԣ
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933 
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935 񶾵ĸŮ
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936 ֮޻Ʒȣ
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ոʶȴĿ¶޳ָ֮ʱסбһŵɫ
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ԪԪӦƶ飬һϸܵĲƣнҪѿģ
޳ϲϧûиϲƬ̵ʱǿŮǺɱУÿһܾޱ߷ƣһۿȥХΪһб
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޳ͷһԽΣʱ̣Խͨ͸Ц׷ǽС°ֻ˵׷ŮǴŮ׷СʵýСʹ㣿

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Ůһҧڴһ޳ץĲݵļƣ
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944 ԳơүŮ
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947 սĹ
޳΢΢һЦǻţҵī˵ƺʱرŮ֮Ĳ죬ԡ
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Ƶţ·ϷһźΣǣǼ͵ƵķŻÿεĹеǰС翪ţ͵۷ǿߣпܵõǣһαɷΪɷеٮٮߣʸ񣡡
֪Ƿ񿴵Լˡ޳ʱշϼӣоЩʼˡ͵򵥵˵ƾǴʸμʮʤ֮սֻҪ֮սʱӦϢͻ֣սѡ
޳Ȼƾ൱һרɸѡΪ֮ˡ
һ˿ʮʤ֮սзϱ׼Ϣ֣ӶԴѡ㹻Сս
ԼȻΪսԶʤѰǿߣǰ³ϸΪɸѡȴǽԼ޳ˣ
޳üҲܱǷʸ֮ս
ʮʤĽǹ򣬶޳ŲСջ
˵ʲô
⻰治۾˼ؿ޳·ڿһӡ


948 ħ
ûɣ
ðΣų̾˿һֿӵ޳ǧټƵضս㵹ãȻϸȥμӣǷò˼顣
жԸ˵ȽֱˬԺǲ
޳ЩĪҲ⣬Ƕ·ƽ͵޴磬֪Ȼܹѡôʮʤʮʤܹ֤ô
һ㣬޳Ҳһֱɻ
ԣȻʮʤѡ֡ôֻҪѡʶʮǿߣǹԼǿ׻һŴý
ҪأһѡĶֻĶɰ³ָ
ڶһϵս̨˫ܵ³Ŀơ˵˲Ҫȥǻᱻһɷɣ
޳ʱȻѹ˵кܶǧټƵر֮սԭȻⷬƣؾ׷ˮˡ
ϾһˮԷܣʧĿǺò޵õɷ
һҪսģżǿսԣһѡвμսʮа˾ŶǱɣ
ԼղŻɱԬºƣΪԼ˲áЩǿ˵Ԭº˲ǵָɱϰˣԣܹ֮սΪսеǿߣ
ص޳һۣȻвĳЩ֮
޳ЦЦҲǲ硣ԹͷҲܵٵѣԿ˿Щ߼
Ƕ޳ԣЩͷĥȫֵһӡŮҲȫǳڿֵСһ㣬ȻԺǻΪˡ
޴磬էӦûûеõݵıӻɣһɣȻɫޱԭǿ޳ûΣա·Ƶ
޳ͷȻǴԴˣҲû飬ȻϲˣҶ޳ġԴЩߡ
ǣĲΪĹϵܹշ޳һСͳ¡
Ɽʲô
ԶظŮ޳ʵ
·ƽ͵Ϊޱԭûڵܵ޵ĹԻֲͬıݽзչ޷׽뱤ݡ
ÿһݵˣһλͨʮʤǿߣڵıݣǡħݣһλٶǿߡħ
޳ĸȤ⣬Լദ˵Ĺϵ·ҲտʼӴʱǰ׺ߣ˵˼䣺ÿһˣҪڱдˣ߽ɺôÿ뿪½룬뽻һЩջ񡣡
˵в¶֮ɫ
ĽħΪǽħʹҪ̽գǿȡ̶棬ܻ²Ƶҡ
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ңÿһײ֮϶Ѫ߰ߣ·в֪ȡ˶
ħݴһΪ㣬ײڴһš
ǣڱ֮вμһ֧飬ӳܺ˵ǽȥкӦþͻԸ㡣

֮Ķӳһöɷ˵޳֮Ǻܿ챻˽ȥ
ÿ춼вǰħݵҲǲԣڿ޳ֻͨʱ˿ע⡣
󣬽˱ڲ޳ü
Ɽݳֽ״ײԼֻмɷԲʵҲˣڲĿռԵúǾִ١
ǣ˾ִٵĿռ֮Уǧˣо˵Ϊɷ£Ϊﵽһ١
ҲǵùǽСеģн򾳵ߡԭǱŵõôͷ룬û뵽ͻȻ³ϸı򣡡
ҡҡͷȴɷٽ֮ȫûǷӵأǷǵûܵõôҪ뿪ݶǲҡ
Щ֮ɫҲ뵽ԼΪﵽɷЩ˺õȥ
޳һ߽ʱµ˷׷¶Ľ֮ɫǼ޳Ϊֻǰ벽ɷʱ˸Ǽʣ죺СŮ˿ɵĻɫ
޳ĸ֪ε
΢΢ü˵֮һۣ˻һû뵽ᱻ޳ǵŵûӲҪġ

޳ҡҡͷΪ˵ϰЩһҲǲˡ
ħ֮Уôʱ䣬ĹǶʧˡ
ڶ㡣
һ٬ͻȻ𣺡ãȥĶøһȰ


949 
ɫһ䣬¶һ˿֮ɫֱԬºƱʱҲֹ
ܿ죬гһ۵ӣ۽ǵƿԿ˵ԲСƫƫһεģһӺ٬شؿɨ
ãȥôҲ˵һޱԭȻ࣬Σһֱǳ֮ߣһ⣬ҵĿôܵˣ
üһصҪôȥƺòͩ㱨ɣ
Ǻǣôܹ˵ǻ㱨أҲǹİΣꡰͩЦǺǵص
Ҳ֪ΪΣӽӴһֱһЩһ浾Ķ·ƣ⡣
ţǹϵûôүôôáǶʱ䣬㻹Ƕĵ֬ϰɣص
ͩɫʱһſι޳Ҳ̲סһ֣ǵЦ
ţ
ͩĵŭ޷淢Цʱҵ˷Ķ
һ׺֮ⱬֶ޳ЦʲôţúܣӦİɣʲôʸڶ㣿֪֪ڶ㶼Ϊݷ׵˲ܽ룿
üһ̲סȵͩʲô˼ѵСӴһڶ㶼𣿡
Ǻǣãҿû˼ڱҲˣӦݵĿռԴжôţҪ˵ڶˣ¾µһ㣬ǲ˼ԴҪܡ
ͩһ٣ٿȻԣһʵδ֪ռݱĵڶԴ²ʰɣؼʱ̣Ҫɲó²ǽħ˱ŭҲҪǨŭСӰɣ
ɣ˵̫СӽУҪǽӵͨ飬ӵнڶʸˡ
ͩͲˡ
ڴʱһֻһӰ˹һλĿΰ꣬ͷϺɫĶ̷һţҵüëбɶ
һ̤Ķǽһŵ¶ɡ
塣ˣķҲ˼ӣ𾴵غ
·ͬʩ
ոħʱҲܵų⣬ͼı졣ǣնλ꺺ӳְǵ
˵ˣǵĽǳ׳ҲǽսС֮УǺܶı
ݱ֮飬ȫǳĺǻ
٣ǲǴҪԣͩһŨҵŭǰ껤סˣ͵óˡ
ٺߵһҪԣЦ˭£ѾͷҴĶԱҪҵСһڵڶ㣬ʲôԣֵõָֻţ㻹뿼УǺãǲС˶վУ
ͩɫһһ죬ݺݵһҧضŷ٣ݣƣ
սҪѷɫⷽһǲòͷ
ߣ
ͷתͷһ˿м
壬ʵ̫˧ˣĽص
ٿ̲סϸֳһ˿簮ЦݣһıӣѾͷ
ת޳ѾͷѰɣ
էʱۣǵĿ޳ʱ̲סֳһ˿֮ɫ
֪ԼôҲɷٵΪˣǰ꿴ȥǰ벽ɷǣȲ·ûʶ˴˵Ĳ࣬ɲ˲ۡ
ԽģԼ̬ȣöԴ̬ǰꡣ
ǡ
޳ЦͷͬһطҪлӦǡ
˲󣬵޳ֳⷬԾӵĿǣ˵ȴޱȻȻ˲κβԾ
ԭˣ֪һϲȴϲ޾ƣ
ٴЦһ޳ļ򣬽ԼС֮С
λ¥èСָǰӣһһ޳ܵ
ܵ⣬ܵҲ΢΢һ֣һӦ¶ȻַΧܿȾ޳뵽˳սʱΣʱðһУҲơ
ǶһֵܣȫֵǻģҲһߵ˽죡
ٶһֻ룺ȣ
޳ɣҲӦ룬ȻƲҲǰ¾ƣж˲滨ݣһȥԹ൹һǿߡ
þƣ
һ£޳ס۾һ̾
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˱죬ϵŤͷȥߺߣܺȾҲǴô
һ䣬ٱ޳һǾ룺Сֵʹ죡ԴϷǵһôƢˣ

޳΢ȣϡǵƺʲôط


950 
Сֵû˵ô
֪ΪΣٵЩŵؿ޳
Ȼ޳뵽Լʲôط˵ˣŷԽʱΪ˲öΣŷΣԼѺ͵ıﱻٳ֡
ϵٵ˵ı飬Ȼ

ٵ̹ȻϣҪǽһЩ֮ʣȻһЩ׼񣬵ǴҲǱƲѡλֵܵĳ㲻̫ãǲû㹻ԴСֵܲǰɣ
ƺίʵãܵıӡ
û˵
޳һתٶ˾룺ŵùΪˣ
һ¶ů⣬ݺݵعһ롣ôһ˴˼ĹϵҲǴΪ׽һһ롣
˶ɷΪ̺ǿҩԵľˮȥҲǲЩѬѬȻˡ
ץ޳䣬صСֵܣʶǿġóСֵһǳŴɣǡЩ۾ͷϵĴɺĵӲͬһҲ飡
Ȼ޳˵ͬһǲ֪޳˵ĵطǡڤ򡱡޳¶ȣȻؽ֮˳õŵӡ
Ļ겻Լǰ¶Ȼ
ΪᣬСӳԱŻЩʧ̬˵Ϊݣ޳ǡ
ܹʶ磬ƢˣҲܸˡ޳Ц
ã
˷ܵɫͨ죬ս޳ЩԺصȻѾͷͬһطôЩҪúùһ¡Ѿͷʲôã츳ǿƢֱˬϲѾͷëЩͷۡ
⻰浱ɫһյض˶ţƫƫ֪ΪԼãǷá
ҡҡͷСֵܣлһҪúùȰ
ι壡
ʵ̲סˣյصҿɲʲôëϲ·ƣߣĳˣҿɿۣ
СѾͷ
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޳һˣȵһȺˣȻǵξƲմ˽һһ˯
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ԴС磬޳׶ȰԺú˼һϸ޳סüͷһ塪
ӡ
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ӡȻ岻֮أӵв˼ܡǣҲҪʩչߵΪ˴˼Ϊ̫ĻʹӡǿҲܻסһһ
͵пܾŮһһ֮£ͿȡֱӽеӡǶɷ飡
޳ͷҲˣʱĪСΪǿһߣ۷ٵĻԼпܾҪˣӡҲҪĨ
ߣСƤ㺦ñ׳־δСӣȵ´лᣬһҪСƤȦȦһٱ飡һǧ飡
Ԫͬԣġ
ү˸ۡ
޳ѾѧԶ׳ռһķϻת룬һԪͼʩչʼתǲӡѺۣǳ˱޸֮״
˴α׷ɱҵȫ񣬵ѽĳɣ
޳аʩչһ˲ǧֶʱΣн򡪡
ৣ
һΣ֮һһģһľ淨աһ桢桢桭ʮ棡
淨һ֮࣡
Ȼ绹ܴ󣬵ǣ޳ܹȫƿص
ţ
Ȼ޳Ӿ淨֮вһδѾأƺÿһ֮жһ淨
еķ֮䣬ͨ˷γһΪӴķ
͸еľ淨󣬷·гֵĲǷƣһޱƣ
ˣ
޳ǰһ֮ٿȻ֣ң֮״·ڽŸµ˿ʱ޳ġ


951 ػս̨
ף
Ԫ龪һ˷ԭҲô޳죬ԣ
޳ʶӿĸڲתԼԼһʮ˵淨֡
еȫע֮УֻڵٶȱԽԽ죬Ҫڳһ״
ԭıʾȻôҲǾһѡ
Ԫ鲻ʧʱسŪټ˰ɣļһٺõĳðȻİضһ֪
ҡ
ʾòһֺ磿츳һʩչǧԽɴ׾٣ҪСһ㣿
һģԪ޵ЩԲ顣Բһ츳ٶȣȷʵûбҪ硣
һɹʵмЧһȴһ츳ٶⲻϡ
ݣݣ
ڣ֮ڶһƱԴԴȥǧĸо
ÿһƳǿ޳ڣ𽥳¡
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޳ףˣƵȴһʱԳɹڵĽȣҪ֮ȫҲҪʮյʱ䡣

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һľգ·һ˲ʮͬʱ죬쳹ݣҴһļԵζҪΪ֮
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ڵСӳԱһǺܿ˫ŵؾ£ǰʧӰ١
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ޣ׸ƵСˣ
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һ⣬ͷ
ײǹڣ
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˿̣ڽħ֮⣬Ⱥڳѹ
ݣޣˮеĹ㣬һȥʮֻǵȹģԽͷƤ顣

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޳ȻѹⱤܹΪһرԭڵܴڡ
ˣ
ûԴͷȺ󷽣ЩǸߴʮɣһڳСɽ
ǻأÿһ̤䣬õֱһϸܵ
ˣǱһִĽ߸߹𡪡
鷳ˣ
ݵĺǿüȻš


952 
䣡䣡䣡
ž󱳲ĶһʯƵؼÿһʯͷЮƥɹ֮ʱײ˵ǣõгһ棬ͬȼն

Щ޴ʯݺײ˻֮ϣ嫵ȻҶõػս̨Ϊ֮ݣǰĿȻγԱȡ
סס
𣬸ݺǿӶֱۣڶеǿҲǵ˹ؼʱ̣һ񣬽еɷע뵽˻֮С
ɲʱ֮Ϲâת̶ײҲǺХһڱݺݵЩ޵С
ǣһιڽܻɱһޣڽӽʱ㱻ǼӲĺɫƤ׵ԶԶصɵޱԭԶ
ЩƤޱȼӲתŵ״ơĹжôǿ󣬾Ǳγɵɶ޷͸Ƥ
ǱĽ̺ޱǿһʯڽļӳ֮£ȫھϽµǣǿþˡ
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һݵײҲ޷ٷãʹҲֻһ;
Һã˲Σ׼Խϰǿ߽һ漴ȥǼֻ󡣡
Ȼָ˷һС
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˵ﻰҪ㣬ڻ֪ʲô³ˡҪ˵ۣ۵㡣æ
ٿЦⱤݣʧȥϣƾǵʵǾһתԴȴǼԵ޳һƽ·ǰ˿ûжκӰ졣
ҡͷǴȾǲϧǿʵ˵ʹб츳ޱԭ϶ʩչ
գҵ˼£һֵǣɱ󣬻ݣ
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ѾͷСֵܣң
ٻͳһ߽׸ɱݺݵسǰȥֵһ󣬺һ֧⵶ȺС
һԵ÷СӰе񲻽Ȼ
ʮ˵Ķ飬ӲȺɾ
ԵȥжǺܲܡ


953 ʳ
ңұ
浲޳֮ǰѣû˵꣬Ǽһֻһֻ޳±ɷ顣
촽һ򣺲ˣһɲһİ벽ɷ簡
޳ƣʹȺУҲԵ׿ȺʣкһĪ⣡
ߺߣʱǲˣ˧øúóԸѵ
ǰһԲͣķɣʵۡ
ף
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Ϣ·ǽ֭ˮֱϸܵԼĽõýһ㵭Ľ⡣
·ٶȳķʼת
ɷ
ȻЧɷ
ѹ˵ǡޱԭԭնɱ޻غô
ı仯У޳֪ˣ⴦ԭһֹһƷߵɷɷȡߣԣڴ˵޳֮£ܵɷϢȾȻżΪɷϢ
һ֮ɱɷ᱾ܵؾͽѰµĺʵԣŻЧ
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ǣһƬ֮УָһһöӨ͸Ĺ˳ֱ޳
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960 ʽͻ
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Ҹ㣬ǲսǿΪڵɷ㣡һɷܹɵɷһģÿʤһõһɷעʮ֪Ǹʲôô
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֪˰ɣûɷ㾹Ȼ͸ôɷһΪħЦ
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ٵȻû뵽ħһУܹǧֶΣ޳
ԼҲµȺģħǺúݣ
벻Ȳľ棬޳ʲôֶΡΪ֮ƣƺֻʣԾս̨ȴһ;
ʹܷ˳סҲ˵
ǡ
һƬ֮У޳ȴǻ̧ͷһƬŹֵĳŪ֮ɫŽħʧЦһۣ˭㣬ҡûɷ

أһ޳ڷܿ죬ܷ·һ֮Ӱǿ͵ɷŭβһغХҪ񷡣
ǣӰſڣ͵һǽ֮У
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961 
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⻹㣬ΪҪǣȻܹ֮ͻɷһٵΪ
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ԣҪӵмǿɷҶɷ˺֮ˣһԣǿ붼ҪΪ
޳أ
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㣬ɣ
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С㲻ҪţܻңҲҪɱң
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ৣৣৣৣৣ
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ȫһȭ
ǣ֮޳ʵѾ٣ټϿһʮѨƵܸǱ
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ҪֻҪңҿԷģΪУ䣬ħٵٻ˱Ԫ񣬿ٵطԡ
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ңϳһݵµĽħݡֻǣݶһ飬ƺڵȴ
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κη紵ݶ޴Ρ
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ޱܵܺõֻħԳһΪԻֻǰ֫סԴͷӡ
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ȴû뵽ħצǵûܸκεţһ֣
һʱ䣬ǾǺŲŵؿ֪꣬εȴ㡣

ʱ޳תеǿ޲ͷ΢΢һЦˡ


962 ޳Ĺ
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ӽнħĹͳͳȡκˣκʱ䣬Ҫݣκηã

һ·Ǿʯ亣棬ʱ˻Ȼ𾪡֪ʧ̬κηã
ģңҸò˰ɣ
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꣡꣡꣡
Щ˷ܣĹأһ֧Сӽݣÿ˾Ҫһöɷͬˡ
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һ˲òǣпܳΪһ׮Ȿ˷ӵǿߵĶ飬֪ԭкô࣬ҲǲҺҳȥðա
޳˽ݵķãʱ󽵵ðյĸ¾ͨСҲǴʼǲǳô˻úõسȥƴһأ

޳һ٣һͣõڶǿ߽ǲ뵽ѵλʲôû᣿
Ǹһ뵽ݵĴڣ̶¿ɾΪħ˲֪ٺôò׻ܽħõñ׽֮Լƺ˵̫Щ
ǿһӱѿɫ޳Ц¶ػս̨Ҫλ˿⣬ݷԲɲκεڶڴԣøһߡⷶΧԵߣӡ
㣬Ҳһ㣬ߴ򾳡ЩϿĻ֮£ûκλúôĿԣֻͬһ㱻Ȧڱ֮С
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ãҵȱմմСֵܵĹˡ
΢һԥǱȭֱ˿̣Ÿо˼ʵ
꣬Ӯʮʤ
Ѿͷ㻹Ÿʲôߣһϵ㣬˵ҿɶƵģԸ򹦷аٿ滹ԭأߴٵ
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һƲ죬ص壬˼ֻǣû˵ǷҲһȥҿɲȥӡ
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΢΢һ㵣Ȼ¶һ˿οЦ⡣֪֮Իнãܹʲôˡ
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޳ĳ֣޿ɵı۷Ȼõ¶СŮ״ԣþʵķ٣Ż˾ðο
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˿̣̤ϣ޳Ųһ¶һ˿֮ɫüһ


963 Ľ
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벽ƣҪǳҪкʵߣ޳жܣҪɣʹ޳õǳҲá
ħͬˣȻ׼ѱ룬Ҫư벽ǲܹҪ֮

޳üһ˿˼֮ɫӵнħ󼰵ƣǾޡ
ǳͿư벽
ǰѡ񣬵һǽжһһжܾܳΪ벽
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ѡǲһʱЩ޳Ծϡ
٣Сӣ˸һ飬ȫûбҪһеĻ
޳ü˼˵жܣ

غȵжֻܳһõˣЧǺԣûʸΪı
޳֪ԼȻжܣʩչһظĤҲԼ޷жܵľ֮ʣԣԥǷӦýж
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ҡһ´Դ˵㻹汿ˣѵú룬ԼΪóʲôô
Ϊó
޳۾һ
ԴԼȲľǽԪתɱ¾־Ķͨ΢Сɡ
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Ǵ˵нҶﵥ˶ɱħƵȺħ֣ղòɳ˼ħ֮սңǵȾˣ޳ĳȣ
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޳׵˼ǣҪҼǿǧɷ
һֱǧɷƷǲȻΪҶ｣־עԵʣһɱ
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ˡػһ䣬һεص˼򵥵龹ȻҪ˰ٰ㣬ǡǺܽǰļһﵽǴ˺εȳ̶Ȱ
ָⷬɣڶԪ˷޷ܵս
ԪʱŭˣүСƢһ첻ѾͲ֪ԼＸǲǣ
žžԪ֮кܿٲĺХԼĴ
޳ҡҡͷߵļһת˴ַһ
ٿȻ˫һһĨϲ֮ɫ¶㵹׼ȫ


964 ʮöת۷壡
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ڻƷǰصĺھ֮޳ʶѾǿһ̶ȡоõԼֻҪõ㹻ӡܽΪٶһ
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ʮʤߣõʥСǣֻܿƬצҲǲջ
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965 
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ңӾˣ˾˫Ŀһۣ

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⽣ǿߡǡ˫֮йâƵض޳˷ܵı鸡֣Ȥ㾹ȻҲǽǿߣˡ֮ضȤˣ
ʵħҪʤһѾĽΪԣжԽħ⣬޳ΪоȤ

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䣬֮нƹâʢһغƿն𣬺Զֳһǰˣһ˽һˣζ

޳ĽͬǿȻĪɵĴǰȻûаʤᣬѹñѿ·ʯһ㣬Ȼը
ۿţǵĽƾҪ䣬Ȼƹ֮ǿһʵҲζ޳ˣ
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Щ߱ɿѭ޳ȱԼݺݵ˽ȥ
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ֱһ̣ǲǻع޳סЦֵܿˣղ֣ҿɾҪˡ
֪ͷɢȻľ޳Ϊ֮
֮ʵղһǶԺԼһοԼʩչǽƣҲǽеĽ
ԼĽȻǰ벽
ԷеĽƺɱ㣡
൱һһտ֦ľ˻ƽ֡
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ǺǣСֵܲҽȥôǺЦ
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Ȼμ棬һӡ֤֮£ȴȻʶ˶ѡ


966 
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ǺЦСȡ߰ƬҶһµİ͸֮Сָ㣬һע뵽˲֮С
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޳ӹһڣ˫꣬һڽˮ£ԻһĴָȻСܲҲƷóҶΪƷ
ղǿڲˮ£޳ʶ֮нЩҪ֪Լ磬ЩΪԳ
ΪʮԪԪɶ£޳ҪͣǧĲΡ
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ȻʵҲǿ󣬵ΪΪѴĽ٣ټ벽𹦷Żˡʮʤĳƺš
ЩֻСѣ޽߶ԣΨн;
СҲǻԵɺϣײȳɼˡ
޳һ٣ǲﵹһĵãϣֻӡ֤Ͼͨ
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ģһ˿˿΢µϢɢݶܿ죬ü֮⸡ԼһС
ͨ͸ܿ죬С֮͸ɫԽԽռվһˮƵС
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Сһ͸пȻ緢·һ籩ϯɨ䡣
ɲʱ֮гһֽˮͨ͸ĹâĿһжسʶԽزΪ΢µĽ䡪
⣬ͨ΢

˿ǱСع鵽ǵʶ֮УٿȻվس޳ʩһ񣺡֮ͣûպ󵱳԰ʦ֮񣡡
˵ţҪݵ
ԣ޳һ֮ͣʵ̫ˡ޳Ľͣһףպٸһ㣬ǧѡ
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Ʃƶ裬ÿС򿪣һζȡĻᡣǣʮʤǿߣûʸӴ
֮ǰҲ˵ʵ˴ǰֵ㣬Ҳһ飬Ҫֵһμӣ
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967 ʥ
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Щ˼صѾˣֻһ˶ѡԭ˵ħѱ𣬻Ϊֵ۸Ҫűһǰ
ǵҲԼԭĴһһ˫ϵУ޳ȻƽϣЦЦҲͽ½ҹ
Ȼ޳ʵ֣˺ڣ
ǶڸԵıݣֻԼһǰӣԭ˵ã˴һλʮʤǿߡǻһ
ǺȻһԴˣֵ㻹֪һðɣ
ʾ޳ȡȻͳԼƣıŻζһ£ܿ죬޳ȵطԼ϶һ֡
7888
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ϷֳһĻĻ֮ǳ˻ǵ
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ܿ죬չʾԼƣ޳ı֮⣬һдԼʮбš
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㶯ܿĻϳһλ磬˫񵶷һǿߣӦϥһ侲֮С
Ϣйճ΢ʹһعĻҲܲʵ֮ǿ
ǣѾ˰ɣյ׼һɡκοڵĻᣬ˱ǰԵԹ˵˼䣬Ҷ˹Ļ
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һֻһܲסͻᱻ˯Ȼǿ˱Դ˳˯Ƭ̶ѡ
ĹǺǿһҲ˻Ǵ˿̣ʥоȻҲ̺ʵ⡣
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޳ۣʶ֮ʮöӡٵγһӴޱߵķ󡪡

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Ȼǹѹڽӽ޳ʶʱֵסҲôǱó˵֮ƣн߽⡣
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飬صһȥǰֵӰʮÿһӰһ֡
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968 ĺô
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ЩȻʥһ֮УΪ
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࣡
Ԫ飬ǹЦû뵽ԭܾǵ֮󣬻ôڵţ˹Ȼ۹Ⱑ
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ʥɵĽ࣬޳֣ԼɲɱԽԽǻʥĲҲ·ʯһ㣬Ա
Уӿ죬һ㻹ԶԶԪ
޳񣬳˿ԡһ֮лڤĲ֯𣬿ٵػûһ
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޳飬һ룬ʱʥ˫ʮָٵְ͸ɫ֮γһööġ
ĳܿǼʥڣһһѨоӰ˸𡪡
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ʹڵŵĪСյĴѨҲʮö֮ʮöӦƺҲ
Լǲ֪
ԭˡ
޳ʥͷ·һλĵʦȻûֱӰԼΪ
ǣԼ飬ʾȫ裡
ؾ飬ԼԽ࣬ġ
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ʥڹâתعâ֮䲻ۣͣٶ¡ڣȻٶȶһöĴѨ
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969 һȭ
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޳Ŀ˫ʮָöһֻֻͬɼವطڣٵرӿ
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һҶ֮ը죬޳һööѨ֮Уٵس֮Ρ
ܿ죬һ·ǣͣʮöĪСһ޶ľ磡

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һǼֵǴﵽ˶װ벽֮У֮ǰʥʮֹûһܹϡ
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΢΢ʥʩһ޳ƣǵֶ»ص˱ݵ㾲֮С
ţ
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޳һ֣⼸Ҳǵ漴
޳˾ңĿ龰õüͷ𡪡
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Ц֡
޳ͶԵټܵ޳ָ֮Ȼܵ裬æֵȻˣǶԽĸҪԶԶԽңţ룬ǴһܹΪ˳ջҲԸࡣ
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Цüͷһ壺ȻⲻǿΪĽ٣ԣҲӵҵͬеʸ񡣵ʲôˣΪһٵİɣȻ뽣֮Уǲ̫ˣ
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䣬ͷͻȻһǳƵĻӰԼ֮Уǳɢһɷ·ʱϢ
֮Ľս
ɲʱЦԲʮɣȻһĿռ䡣һȥĿЩŤܵļӳ֡
ٻЦ˫ֱڷ֮УеǰǱظ
Ц֣ҪһЩ̫˰ɣ
һЦݰʮĿ鿴ƲɡҪ뽫֮ҪľܹӵƥĽٵ޳һΪôܰ쵽
ԣеصֵܲǸոջʮʤƺţҿ㲻˿Ӧø
䣡
δ˵꣬һɫӰ쭶һը͵رȭѸƵػӳݺݵسЦ죡
Ӱէ֮ʣЦ컹һĮȻ볰Ūǣֻȭͷǰʱɫһ䣡
أ
һȻҳЦ񱻾󵯳һ˳ȥ⣬ڵ̤߰˲סΡ
Ц˫һ޳в¶һ˿֮ɫ

ڷӦȽϴƣźܾģдʱû취
ʮ ֮дģǵŵʵд
һҽԺҺţƣ롣
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970 ô
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һ̣Թ߶뵹һʹۼ֤޳ʮʤˣ˿̶һ𾪡
ϾǽħǿҲֻɷٵΪǰЦʵʵĽ٣ң۾ݰʮжǿսλöǴδҡ
ʹ޳ղһǳ䲻⣬Ҳʮ㾪ˡǴһȭ֮ƥĽǿ߰

ǰսȭͷŵȫǺˮ䱸ؿЦ졣֪Цĸڶôһӣѱᷢ쭡
ȻֵܿԳ䲻һǴΪͬ
һ㣬˶뵽Цͬ²ؼֻЩźؿ޳Ѿӵսʱջпܳ񵥣
ǣŭЦ죬δĴǰ;Ҫֹˣ
ЦɫӣһķƵ·֪Լ˺εȵɱ

ڣоз·ɹһͰЦصһȻ͵Ϯ֣ϾһҲʵЦ첻䲻ˡˡ

һ£жʱõýŵи£Ҳǳ˿
ⱤѾһʱ䣬ǽ֪ΣɡЦ쵭ص
æͷӦ£Ȼ޳Ӱ𣺡ʹô뿪ô
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ЦԸҹ²ƽϣѾǼΪѵˣ껹ʲôôߣֱĽడ
һ֮Уֻλ˫ü΢΢һָɨһͽҵͬƵó䣬δЩ֮Ӱɣ
˭û뵽޳ͣЦ죬ȻΪ˸ֻ
һʱ䣬ٵǸжǵǣҪ˵Ȱ裬Щʮʤǿǰû˵ĵǹǿߵϢѹȵ˵һ仰
˼أЦòƽƾ˭Դ۽ǿǱϿν
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˵УָɳһɷСһ㱼޳
޳һץǽ֮ץġ
ɷȻƷߣɷҲǿһߵӣôҲɷͻΪǴ´ˡ
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޳ף漴ɷ档
ȻˣǾͳɡЦٲ˵һϻкһαڿշ
һĻһֵܣҪûߣЦ죬ɱˣ
ʶЦҲкܳʱ䣬Ȼ˼ղŸɷΪ˵Ǹǡҷѡ
֮˵İҷѣ
޳ЦЦһα׷ϣңңһ䣺磬ݾͽӦˡ
䣬׷Цˡ

صضţǰգ֪Σջﴳֹغ飬ôܳǿ
һ˿ٵʧʣ·Ƶǵص壬޴粻ɣ
ȻֵܽӴ࣬ҲóΪأضް֮¡
ˣл̲ס¶˾ǵɫ
סеɷ뵽޳ϧðų׿ЦΣգҲҪΪԼֻһЩ˵ʱнס¶һ˿Եζ
ҧס촽ݵصһһҪȫȫػȻĻү㣡
硣
ЦӵŭУжٴ˵ѵ˼ٻͷһǹ䣬ǰȥһμǧɡ
Ϊ޳ѸϣԼѵ⼸䣬ȴû뵽ʼգԼμӿٶȣǵӰǸò׷˸β
ߣСӵٶȵǲ
һȣЦʱٶϸ޳ѿ뷨һȫǰУǴ֮󣬱˽
⽣ããɽ֮䣬һ֣ҪУöʮʤǿߵƣͬɡ
θո䶨һɽͷ̧۳Զȥ֮ʱЦٿȻһо״¶˼ɵ֮ɫ
ôˣ


971 ʧߵ³
ңңģɽͷͬһ֧顣Ϊ֮ߣҪɣǷԵЩЭ
ǣֽ沿٣һǱȳҪԴе˿˾κͻأˣ¶һΰС
˫Ŀ̵磬ݡһ·ʵʰƿֶЦ죺ԭЦ֣˴ҵһԣֻܱǸλתɡ
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˵СлλʮʤǿǱɵĻôǰ֮ˣɾǣ
Ϊ˵ΪҪʤһΪҪǣ˵ı̨˳ﲻ𡪡
Ϊһ÷ˣŮӱСĴǿ֮һʯ
ŮƽΪ˾ǼԵҶΪά֪ԣ¾ҹҲǿµĻɱ
δ̫Ե˰ɣ⽣һֱС֮Уɲһҵ˽֮Ȼ˿֮ʱȻǴҾɽ룬ռûеɣ
Ĵɵ֮£Ц˵ǰδеĿ
ţ
ϧȫû֮⣬Եһ֣˭˵ȻȵҾˣڣΪˣӭǣ
һ˵ޱᣬʹɵЦҲˡĻպСûʸˡ
ɫ£⻰˵úûҿǼǵ㡮ϱݡ绹ȷֵģ˵ǲҿ뿪
ţ
񽥽£һ˿˿֮кǴҪὣˣ
Ц粽ã֮â䣺һУҪռĻ
֮Уײεĵ죬·ڵƴɱ
ٿȻ˫΢أȻˣһаչɣʤذϣ
ǣ硣
߳һᣬ̻¶Źͭɫϰĺӣո߸߹𣬽š
˻̤ÿһ̤˴صȻص˼¡ң½һǵĶǽ˸о˼Ϊ˵У·Ǹұϣ
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ذϰȻɨˣͣЦϡ
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޳һԭνġءСǿ߷ʱõһַʽ
һǵ֧߸Ķ飬ͬһʱȻ˫ɳһǿ߽档
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Цͬʱ˽֮ǰ˫£Ȼǲȷʽˡ
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Ц֣
һУͬǰ벽һʨӰʨ뷢ŭţεĹⲨ
٣ôһͷʨӣǲƤտǴ
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أ
ʨӰֻصضԺһ𣬳ƵıεĹⲨ˶ײıɢ
¡
һѰ𶯲˾͵һֻǣذϵȻקסʨӰ
ƺҪؽ֮˺Ѷ
Ҳ̫Դˣ
ŭһЦ֮ʨӰâǣõɫ趯γһƬƵĹâ·һ̾Ҫذϸû
ȻһЦذ¶˲м֮ɫΪƾһУң㿴ʲô
ǣ
ذһⵯǿۣûһƬƬҶǼҶһͣ˴֮ɫ·Ϊĺɫɡ
ذϿΪ߸߹ļ͵һ˫ַ·̺ſɽ֮͵һȻ˺
ۣ
ǵʨӰǵ˺룬Ц͵һѪ˼󲽣г˲ʣ
ˣذϡ
˰ֹ֣ذϵĳʤ׷һЦ߳Ц죬չأܣ⽣ûķˡ
ЦסƣǱǰºޣΪܹ뽣֪׼˶ʱգ
ȴǱ⣬ö룡ֱܹ˱Ʒ裡
еĻǵ޲ˡǾǶԽ֮бмԴ˿̼޷룬оֵرƣ
ǼһеʱиƵûš
ѹֵϢ֣Цεذ˰֣ǡ
˭˵ǰˣ
Ȼ䣬һʵȻ𾪵֮УǵӰ̤
ӭʮ͵޳΢΢һЦԣδɣ

дһҸɡ
ü̲̫죬е㳳ӰϢдٶȺһ䣬鷳½⡣


972 
ʲô
κ˶û뵽һѾ䶨Ц˶ѽ˽֮ʣ꾹Ỻ̤
Ȼǵʯ쾪³
ԣδ
һ̣֪˴֮У˫зĵ³˵ʲô
䲻õĻҵǲ˵һ顣
޳ʼ磬һָذϣղſ˵ֻҪܣӮ˰ɣ
ԣкⱩǡ
΢΢һЦ޳赭дصԣ

򵥵֣ζֱƾ춯أƫƫǰһޱɵĿǵ
ָоͷ·˵ҶˣȥԸ
ǰɣɵýţ

ЦϿκЦĴڡЦٿֹض޳һЦĻҳЧڣҿһͷ˳ɡ
ߣǣ⵽ʲôˣ
Цѹŭոձذϻܣ޳˳Ҫذϣⲻڳشô
ԭѾ޳ɱ⣬񣬳׮飬жи
Ƕͷ亹ֻǿҲ֪޳ʲôֶζԸذأ
˼ǣһһɷС
ЦĮԼԸذϣ޳ܹսʤ˵Լꣿ
Ϻˮ乶䣬ϣЦϽҹ׮²ᡣƫƫԸΥЦЦ֣ͳ֮⣬Ҿ֡ɷһٵΪսʤɷĽ٣ţϱҲѰ
Ц粻ȻóĻڣ޲ܽǸԼȳһ
ߣ㲻Ҷˣ¡
Ŷô
һֳһĨаЦݣȻˣҿɾҪ˲ˡȸԽս⣬Ҫúù
ת޳СӣûУЦֿǲĴڣѡͶұ֤ǰ;
ȻҪ޳ֻҪûЦһѿˡ
ǣעԶԶ͹ǰŶˡֻ޳΢΢̧ͷԴЩεص˵õıԣò׼Ӯɣ
⻰˵üΪ̱ɫһ䣡
ذ׹⸡֣ݺݵض޳磬Ҫϻһɣ


973 һƣ
񳹵Į£޳ŴƣҲʧȥϷˣġ
ؿ޳һۣ·ڿһˣûаȤ
ذ˰֣ȥɡ
ذϲ̵һЦ¶һ˿֮ɫȻ޳СӣһᣬԼѡɡԼ֫Ȼͷлñүֱ֣ӽС
޳εü˵ϻϰѵǴͳô
㣬
ذ˫۱Ϻһһ̤˫籧£ݺݵؿ޳һ֣֮һɱʽĿХǼƵ䡣
ĹƣȻκεİ벽ɱɽѹ֮£֮¡¡ͣ

ǾһξҪ˳
ৣЦ֣һѱǽץסǿӿõá
Ц죡ֵܻᱻɱģǾŭӣƴҪѣֻƻǯؽקס
ײ֮£б˿˿⣬ζǶã
Ҳҵġ
ЦĮȻ̿ɻذϳĲ䣬ǿᣬʵҲѷɫһߣҶǶ֣ȻӭϣѰ·Թñˡ
ܹ޳ָ֮Ǹ֪ͼӣȻܿ޳ʵ̫ô޷ս
ǵιâ޳֣ŭӣ
ʹر˫ۡ
ɷһٵԿĽǿߣ˶Էǿһ³֪
䣡
·رѰը죬ǵƵ֮Уһȴ𣺡
޾⣬ǣȫ޳ǡ
͵ۣǰһĻӳʱһޱȵ֮ɫ⣬ôܣ
֮УǵӰһƬιӰ֮£ȴǻ֣֮̽з·ЯһƬ׹⣬ݺݵضԺϡ
¡
һƣ磬һɽӭնϣǵιâ¡
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һƬ֮Уذϵֱ۷·ǳ˲ľ޴ѹ¸Уǳ˲Ť
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꣬Ȼذϣ
Цֱֹۣʹ·ɵһ㣬͵ؿǵӰղذһ˿ѷɫڻԼһа
ˣǱˣ껹˲Сˣ
ʲô
Ҳ˼ؿսģ˼¡
үүţ
ذ۵Ť۽ҧгݵһռ໵һȻӲֱ
Ǻɫйâתֱ֮Ͻ߸ţһȭ޳ԭȭ
һȭ֮׹һĹǣ˻˻УȻֶ޳
˶ԿһȭذǶŭˣʹǰЦ֮ʱǲȵơ
ڣ޳ͬȲεĶ֣Ҫǿɱнɵ
һȭ֮ղһһࡣ
ЦȻɫ䣬ףղذ϶սԼʱûˣڶԷǰԼǲһ
õһţܵ˾޴Ĵ
ǷɹδȻѹȵ֮¡¡ǿֱγһ޳
ذһˣСҲǱɣоݽɢȥλԻֵʵȫ֮£꼴ʹǿ츳Ҳֻճ
һȥȻôҫۣǲرԼˡ
һƬĶ֮Уתк֮һ򿪱ݡ
ٿȻ
ۣ
Ǵöһ漴һֻⲼ׹ƣһƬ֮п̽Юƥľصȭâ֮ϡ
һ£ǿǱȻĳ˷飡
ȭâ׷ҵ׹أʱһƬ֮УֻǵӰݵӰ˿̿·ħһΰ˵İ
Ƶĺâбذϣһ³㲻ţҲţ
أ
ƣԪ֣֮֮һĳ
һƣ޾֮ʮصغذؿڡ

ذؿ֮һ˳ȥ
һƣĽǿߣܣ


974 Ц


һİ
ս֮ǰûԤ뵽Ľ¾ĽȥƶϣҲӹһ٣סԼˡ
ȴ룬꾹Ȼܹذϣһٽ֮ˣ
һӱͷҲصػ˻֣Ըӽذ̧޳֮УһƵġ
ðΣڡ
˿תȥǹˣӵв⽣ʸ񡣡
˵գüҪ
ʱЦˣҪ˳񣬼ȻӮˣƺҲӦչأ⽣øǰɣ
Ǵ˰ɣҺʱ˵⻰ֻ˵Ӯذϣʤˣӵн뽣ʸ񣬿ǴδһὫȫó
ϸһ룬ȷʵû˵⻰ǣСкܶ鱾Լ׳ɣȻԼһҪ˳ҲӦˣ
ûЦ췴һ䣺ǲĻֹܳҵȡߡٴγ֣ұһô
Цһ֪ͣԷʵѹˣȴǲòΪʵĽ۷壬ĴǿµһˣսʹǴ漣޳ҲûȡʤĻᡣ
Σܹ˳뽣Ѿֵף֮ˡԣЩޣ
ߣ
صһߣضһ޳ָ鶯һâƱ
ܿ죬ĵâҲ֮˸֮ϣԵٶȼһ
£ܿƵóֿ¶潣ڡ
ߣ
չذϣٻʣµһ𳯽ȥ
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һӣԵùŹ
ȿȣЦ֡
СĵʵǲҲóˣ
ЦɬЩ֪޳ԭΪԷԼָɱСȴδ뵽Լ̵ʵǰ˴һͿ
Լ֮ǰǰİ̬ǶôЦ
ҧҧѵصһУԸ
Ըܹ˵⻰޳ˡУϾǿΪǴС֮иˡ
ʵ޳ǿȻôԡƫƫڣʵ֤޳ʵǵҪʤҲֹһǰ㣡
ǺǣҶԽͲ죬˴λҪλֵܵͲðˣЦָӰɡ޳Ц
籾ǻ̧ˣȻԷ˴˼ûʲôޣ޳ȻǲҪ˴
Цмس޳һЦĽҲɢұǺˣλֵưɡ
޳֮ǿΪǫ͵ЦҲܴԻǵ˵ҲǱÿ
á
޳˽ͷ漴֮̽Сղ˵ƣͬһͨοٵضУʧ
Ĺ̡̺ܶ
øо̤ʵʱȥһգ۵ĹȻ޳ܴһ֣ԼŵľһĮĵطһȥػߣĸ·
Ź֣⽣оȻ˵ط
޳ֵصƬĮƺûб߼һ㣬ĿԶٹӡ
Ҫ뿪˴˵
ͷת޳𣬺ȻԪ޳𼱣ƺЩö
ţ
޳֪ܹԪΪöһǼֵֵõһʱúò̽
˵òⶫӦþĮΪ֮Ҳǵ
ȻԪ˵ȷϣô϶ǱˡһﾭԴߣǶϡĸ֪Ϊˮ׼
޳Ӧһ漴ڿշ𣬿ٵسȥ
ٶȺܿ죬һ·ֵα仯ҲΪԡһ·ϣȻߣǶٻЩɫֲ
ǣԽǷɵ룬ԽǾ쵽Ƭ߱ŨأֱӾǳ׵Ĵݲ
룬޳ϵľɫҲԽԽŨ֪ԽԽԣϢ˥΢˼¡
ʵϣ̺֮һǿ
Ȼʲôǣ޳оóΪĴڣŽԲظ˸ɿݣ
֮ⶫ˷ԲٹоϢ
ৣ
ڣ޳ĿĵأÿǰʱһϸֳһĨ֮ɫԭⶫ


975 Ȫ

ع֮£һɫˮƵĺһԣ̺ǿҵ޳ǿ鶯ϢҪʢʮ
ӲҪĻⶫ൱ǧ塣
һһ׼䱦Ϊ֮ǧһ𡭡ǵֱƾ춯أ
ʹǴƾãۻ֮ҲײӵУ
壬ҲһȪȪʥԵеȪ֮ȣȫ㡣
⵹Ǻöԭһڵǧɷ̫ʹҪ֮´޷ܡȪܶ⵹ӭжˡ
޳
ǧɷֻǰ벽ɱԵҶΪҪõɱĲϣ˵練ơ
ǣʼղ벽ɱһҪԭǣǧɷɱϵܡ
޳ΪټӴУҪǧɷǲѡǶٻһЩСա
ȪɹȻǴյĳƷƷʱԤƻҪ٣
ৣ
޳ٻǧɷٿȻüͷһ壺
ǧɷһᣬĽ糱ӿ׼Ȫһǡ
𣬱ɱҡ
أȪһ˸ߵʯͻȻһ£漴ǲ㡰ʯ¡ȥ¶ǿӰ
һ󣬿޳֮г˾壬ȭֵС϶֪Ҳ˴˴ȪȾָ˴ԭ¡ǧǧҪɱҡ
˵ţæˣд˿־壬Ͳͷˡ
޳˫üһ棬ϳǰһʮʤǿߡ
һ뽣Ҷᱻش͵䡣ȻԼߴ͵һˡ
ʱƣ޳л֮ɫһǣ¶ֻ֣ǰ˰ֵ߰ɣҲɱ֮ͽǴ˴Ȫ֮ȫƾʵȡҵǲø㡣
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ƫ޳ķʱ͵һ㣬ٵسԭԶȥӣƺ޳һȭذŻˣץһʱħԶԶġ
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ڴʱ
ɣ
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ʵɱЦ죬һֱ伣¶̵֣ԲΪ¡
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أ
צ£ָ˺ѶǵӰצӴУݺݵץһ
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ӰȻһ˵岼һƬҪ롣ǰ޳ذϵһĻףսԼ޳Ķ֡
ԷȻ˲ԻԼôѲԼĶ
ԣΪֻ֮ӣӵԽԶԽã
߶ԼٶţΪһһߣԲõĻᱻ׷ϣ
ϧһεʧˡ
أ
δգһƬɽƵİӰذӰʵûаͣٵغ¡
ʲô
߾ģ㣬ٶô׷ң
ӭ˼޳һЦѵû˸߹㣬ھǿǰҪϣٶô
˵УһĻӰ󣬴һ£ЩӰٿȻɢȥɢա
ں޵ı֮£һʮ˵淨һȭһȭ֮ȣɱ
޳ȻɱǶҪԼ֮Ȼ顣

Ӱһ̤ߵľѪԪˮڡ
ܿ죬ӰʵٶԭѾﵽ˶ٵٽ㡣ߵʵǻʵĽ֮ľѪԪ֮󣬷Ӱһٽ֮

޳һУӰǻعüġǰȪһֽ̧ǧɷ˽ȥ
һȪʱһõĽ·һ㣬ʼڴڵȪˮе
Ƕ·ˡ
޳߶ǧɷٿȻԪ֮дһǿҵĿ޳һ


976 
Сɣ
޳һСɱԪ˳ѵشһëнԴ˳գգһ´۾漴޳һЦ
ģ޳ЩЦá
Ÿë׵Ĵβ̶̵ִֶֻͣǰ֫Ŭëģһֻ̥ʮµСҼң˵ĺ̬䡣
ë˯رţŬС۾۵ıӳ޳ᣬгһ仨
ǣС
޳ŷ֣ԼкüûйעˣвЩǸΡСɵҲȥȪ
СɰરવصСԴ룬ҡҡͷ
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СƤͷæëСȵŰŵȪһǡ

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󣬴ܵüĸֶ޳һУǧɷС漴ĻĲϡ
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ЩǼΪԭϣÿһȥ㹻һһЩɷǿ߲ܲժȻһ˿Եõ
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ΪҪǣ⸱һ֣ʶ֮ҹʱ˫һһƥķ֮ⱬɨ񷡣
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ǣϿްһƬ磬Ѿþƣ궼ܵԼơ
ͣ
׷߼״ϲȨһᣬ΢һ𡣼˲䣬ȨȾ޳֮ǰݺݵش˽ȥ
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ԭ޳Ӱ漴ɢƬʧڵ
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׷ߴһ
㣬ϧʱѾһӰӳ֮УӰаܵƵģ
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ĩˣ޳һץһѽǱȨץС
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ȨȶˣһŻþǶУϴδӷеõҪ١ղȻҲޣƾΪȻ޷ʩչǵȾ˵Ļþ
Żþ֮δչ¶ǰһֱ׼ɱﵵġԭɱ޳һˣ˳ԽύӦ㡣
ȴϣɱ˲ɣԼ˻ܣþߣ
Сӡ
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988 ӵĲ²
ͬһģʯˡ
߰һеһģһ
ӷĦһ°ͣǸֳһ˿ŹֵЦݣǱҲĸ֮ˣܹ˹ȻǷͬһ㰡
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ӦҲһٿЦѵ㲻֪ȫȱôȻٸߵʣ˷ĶˣҲӴˮֻһգ
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һǿߣܿ㱻ܡģ˶ǰսһӦµĲ¡
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üһšЩɵ֮¶һģСҲǺټ֡
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ΣӸһ˿ЦõĴ𰸡ǺһЦϴ󣬿ɲҹ㿪̣Ĳ֪ҵ֪ƾӦʮڽǾܣ
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ꡣ
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޾Ʋһӿ֮䣬õ֮гһƬ״Ӱ
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989 ⣬޷
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޷Ϊ
⽣޷Ϊ֮ڣȫ֮һйΪԼǹ˹

ٿȻһر˺ѳһ϶漴޳ӰһԾֱͻΧ˰գ
۵գˣ
ȻǿңȴǶ޳ûа취ȫ޷˵
޷޷⣿
Եգһ˼ȫӦ̲סг㣬㾹Ȼ˽𴫳У
ţ
κԶ޷Ӧ˿̵飬ָоǼСͻȻΪ·ߵؤһӻΪ߸ϵĵ𾪵õɵ
޳޷⣬ûκαԵıҪʣµˣκ˶Ƕ֡
࣡
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Ӧϲԭˣԭֻһ޷ı߽ǣȫûţ
䣡
ײ֣еĹкҪ޳һлɱڼʶŴ漣֮ѾǲðˣֻٶȽ֮ɱ
˿̣޳Ķδɣʧڵ


990 ʯԸ
ݣ
޳ͻȻһ⣬磬·𳤽һ㣬ƺƵѹǰ
ɲʱռ䶼֮¡¡ز𡣷·һĻ㣬ܵǿҵĺ
һ޳ǵȫģеĽ⾡
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¡
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£ʱõ޳Ľⱻѹסϵز֮У·Ҫѹɷĩһ㡣
Ӧ¹âһƽ޳ÿһ£һ򵥵ļʮ̤£һ糱ӿѹȻƴͨ΢⣬ôնһ֡
ô
ӭӵ޳ֻһЦЦһŵɫֶ淨߲̤
䣡䣡䣡
ɲʱһһӰ޳ڸֶһŵӰնŵӰռͬķλһõ֮вݡ
ŵӰͬʱ̤գнӰͬʱգһХͬʱը
ˣ
ͨ΢ɣ淨߲̤
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㡪
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ǹɰ罣⣬֧ϸ룬Ȼѭϸܵ͸ķݺݵ塣
ۣ
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ˣ
ǿĽⲨƿնƺƵѹ˷·һɽѹӦ㡣

Ӧһ˿֮ɫһҪɱң
߸ռǿߵλã˵Сеǿȫɱᡣڣǿ֮ȫת꾹ҪնɱԼ
ŨŨ֮ɫӦĳৡʩУ˸ղųеĿһʮпʩչ
漴Ӧ屻ֱӴͳս̨
ಣ
޳תȻӦ޳ܵİ취˳Ȼûа취ˡʵ޷С
СӡǺǿս
߿֮У޼ڸ˵صĹâ֡ǿ޳֮УҲڴһ˿ƽȵζ
һּͬȼǿ߲Żеɫ
ԭʹ޳չֳȱսǶҲǴǿ츳ˡֻҪԼӵ㹻ǿʵܹ
ӦҲضǱͬ뷨ı̨ȴû뵽յıԽس˵ԤϣӦδܻ±Ƶö˽޳ֶܵΣղӵ
һʯ쾪ǰ

Ȼ䣬һΪĳһ㣬ڵ趯漴һ޳ıǿҵķХ֮¡
һĴǿߣʯ
ʯֻҪ㽫Сɱǽ𴫳һҲҪ⣬ҷϡʵһţ
Ӧĺ⣬ȵ
ʯһ٣ʵ롰㡱ЧһһŹʵԼֵϰ㣬ֵΪˡ
һ
ܹõöʵʵܹһΡټϽ𴫳УΪһʤùң
ʯԣʵԼʼһĲΪ֪߰һΪһ첻Լס
ܵĻԸԼͣΪ׷˵ǣĻֻ˺ģ
ԣµһõĻᣡ
ֻҪ˳Դһ԰ԸԼҲӭҸ
ԣ
ʯͷһһֻĴָС˸ŵɫʯͷ֡һ˫ٿȻ˴ĺɫ
ս⣬ң


991 ̷ʯ
ʯĶɱˡ
˫üһĴǿ֮䶼֪֪סȻҲʯǿֶξš̷ʯ
ഫ̷ʯ̥֮дער޻ϵš
Ȼ˵档
ΪܵһǣʯǷոճʱһŰ벽ʯͷ
ҲΪһ㣬ʱٰչˣ˿ĻҲʸӴΪϵѪˡ
Ʊʯ֮Ϊһ·ǣҪҵšδҼΪģһ
ʯĴǿΨһһŮӣԸ˶Ҳмӡ
񣬼ʩչǿֶΣҡҡͷܹõʯǿýĽʯΪԴҪ˶Ҳ׷ϣݰǰʮ
˵ĵ׻ʯҲûаĽ֮ģԷֻһǴδ˵ֵѶû
ϴǾʯܹɱ޳Ӷõʵ뽣𴫳ôЦصһϷı飬̵ضųڣϾ˴ڵľˮ
ѵô
˫üһҪ֮ǰһα˵У˿̶ֱӷˡ
ˣҲǻɵʯǶˣһδ˿̵״̬³ʤҲֻ֮òΪСӻܳŹʮаɣ
ŹôԶֹ˰
ǺȻֳһ˿ŹֵЦݣ˼Ҫܿȥǡ
εذһۣ漴ת˱̨ϡ
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ʯһָ޳·Уһֽܵظ߸ϡܿ죬ͷ̷ʯһһ̴𣬺ʻʢŶ
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ָһ
ݣ̷ʯǰ֮У͡˿Ƶĺ̹â޳
һ鶯˰գХбǿҵը

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纣ⱬγһӭ˶˿
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ȻһĴ֮£̰ɢΣ

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أ
ǿ̷ʯٿȻըһը֮£γСɵĵСÿһĩ˶׺һ̣̳֮£һźɫԲ֮С
һȥǵо޳˸ŷƥĹâ
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¡
յâβ֮дųĺɫ棬·һſǰ㣬Ʋ񷣬޳
һȥ·׹䵱ҪĿ֮һУѹΪ촷ۣ
䣡
ǧɷٶӭϣһΣ޳ĽܣиʮɣǱǹɷƥֱѹñ
С군ˣ
˽ۣżֵؿӣʯš̷ʯ벽֣֮սԽӽǿߣ
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ʮĴѨ
һ̣޳߶ĴɱУһ˲䱬Ϣ˼ʯԿζ
ʯһܿ˿Ϊ˰벽ôƾ̫Զ
ǡһЦ޳ƿնһ˿˿µϢɢѵһС
淨ô
ʯȻ֮У޳Ϻһһģ߲̤


992 İ
ԣ
һһ
һΣгֵľ淨һʮ˵ﵽ޳ƿص۷塪
磬ĳɣ
߲̤ʩչӰٿȻһγһӰ
һӰֽͨɫһƬƬۼ׺ʵʵĻƽɣ˸ŶĿĹ
⣬գһޱȿ񺷵һ֮£Ǳյâǽգ޷£
ţ
ʯ𾪣޳Ǹ֮ǰһٻľ淨ֻһʮ˾ߵĻȻ˿޾塣
ڣ⾵淨һʮ˾ߣ
޳˿̵սȫܹɾ޴ĳ
䣡䣡䣡
Ӱڰ֮ص˦βÿһǶ·Ǿըݺݵسĺ̵âһõĵ˽ը
ܿ죬վâգۼ䣬Ѿ֪˶£
ڡ
ž
еĵĵâɢȥǵӰصһβͳ˳ȥһЮֱ֮ӽñ
أʯܵε֮˳ȥòײſסӰ
ʯһݺݵض޳ֱһҪٶȳ
ˣʯʮѾˣˡ
εֹ
ʱʯѾ˱̨ʵϣѾǰܸ޳˽ҲѴﵽʮС
ߣ
ʯһߣб˲ĵɫһе̷ʯٶԾϱ̨
ʯ
һȣ۱ԣĶ֣ڣҪƻȥĻֻս𣿡
νսĴǿߵһȨСǶĸ߿ߵĻʱս
Ȼ󣬲ںηڲСӰĽ֮򣬰³϶Խץǿжս֮У˫ֳ
ʯһϷõ𴫳ԼʵĻᣬΪǴĻᣡ
ҪǳֵĻɱֻԼ
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ʯȻŭһ˫֮кʢ뵵ĻԺγһȦ
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ף˪
ԭΪԼôһֱһֱǻҵİ⣬ֻǵһȥģĬĬΪԼһС
Ǵ˿̣ۿȻҪΪȥƴбİٿȻҲ޷ƣ
ȿȣϴ󣬲ظô
ЦеԲˣһҷϳһӾͿԽ˻ء
Բնʱɳ
ʯתȥһ仰壬С磬ұɱ㣡
ϸֳһ˿⡣
ǱߣѾ˱̨ϡٺһЦ޳Ǹϴǲǽһ
֪ΪΣڼʱ޳̲סЩ壬оһϤС
·ʶӡ
Ƿ캩ȻдЩнӣСǣ޳Цá
޳ӦһЦ
漴üһ˿ɫâֶâ·ţ飬ٶȺǻһʮĸо·Ϣŵı
𣡡
ٿȻһӷ𣬽һͷõľ޻Ծն𣬱ı⣬˿һ㣬˾˵ĵԣ
⻹㣬һͷ޻֮һͷԾ֮£ͷ޻һƿշɳһȦȦ޳ʼߡ
ת֮ƣĿУпҪͷĿѣ
ԭӵʵȻ֮ǿΪԭѾﵽȾ磡
أȻ֣սΪټϿµǳѪԼûаȡʤĻᣡ
꾹Ȼѡ֪Σ


993 ̫
޴磬Сˣ컢ʽХɽ֣
һӦƵѪѾǰȥԣȥˣ
Ǹղűͣʱûзʯüһղѡ
һһĸΪμ֮һ̬Ҳǰٰ㲻⣬֪𿴷һЦеģƺ޼ӡ
ʵӹ漫Ϊư˵ͨɷǿˡʹǿߣδرӷС
Ϊˣ޳𾴣Ե÷֡
𣡡
֮жȻһƬɽ֣ɽϲˣŴεζ
һХɽ֮жʱһ硣Хֻһ޵ļ֮Ȼ޳
ţ
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ҲǱݺݵ˦˳ȥȻΪս׵ĹϵˣҲޱǱ

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סĽصǰյ֮ڶôһߣûȫ
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ʥӰУ͵һǲƬƬһسˢ£ιâʱή˺ü֡
Сүǰ㾹ȻСӣҿȱ۵ˡԪЦٲȻ趯һ㷭֮䣬ٲ֮չʱʥӰ뵲·ʱпܻȥ
㣬ԭͷҵı
ʥӰڻ֮ոճ޳ʶ깥ͷűɿ
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뵽֮ǰ޳ԥԥƺϴ򿪷ģʥӰﲻȫϷϷˣԼ
һ뵽Լʥ֮𣬾ȻһɷСȦ֮УбǺŭӡģȴŭ
٣Ϊʲôƨսͷǡɷô⵹ҲˣҲ˵ŹʺˡΪЦǣѾȻԻ񣬽ѡʵĶѡôԵףҪǻΪСүڽСүˣ𣿡
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1001 ʥľ
޳죡
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֮ԵȵʥӰֲŷҲΪ˼ʥһֱȵڡ
޳˫üһʮö˸žŰʮһ淨գÿһӰ֣ٻ߲̤
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ۼʵ޳Ѿӽɷ٣Ҫͨǿߡǣʥܵȫż٣
ԣ޳ֶξʩҲȫǶ֡
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ʱ޳ȴ۾أ·ǳԼ֮Уûвɱٽ
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Ԫ龪ǵâ֮£޳ֽͻȻ˽ͣҲ޷һ˿һ
ԽƵɱȫûа㷴֮


1002 ϵİ
ʥ㣬һλʲôֶΣ
ʥһƽ޳غ֮ǣΪԼ岻ɣΪղǿнɢֻһ˿תʥС
һֱӵʥܵԶԶ㣬ֻ൱ڸղŵ֮ң֮֮ǰԲ
ǣΪһ󣬽޳ȫһ붯ͳͳᣡ
һʹһɷһٵǿߣҲ׻ɱ޳

ԪԪ֮пȻش𣬺һ𵴶ǣǵγɵķޱʵΪ˿ͻƣֻؿ޳ǵɱϱƽ
䣡
ʥһţһεصצιâؾ޳һ񷱻
ɣʮɣʮɣһɣ
֮䡪
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ǹӳʮɣСһİٱСǣСһ̽һֻʷʶ̶̵ǰ֫ǽ֮ɵС
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ಣʥһأ޳ķɢΣֽȻǻָɡ

˿޳ҲǳһëҲѡղǧһ֮ʣ󣬻Ԫ֮ǿֶΣ޷á
ʹᶨ־ҲΪһ١
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ǵƿ¶˵Сһݣע⵽޳ʱĵһЦЦݺǲãõ۾ӶЩֱ治
ֺСһҲ¶һβͺܷʣΪ޳ģ
СһȻëСɣ
Сүǿˣ
ԪֽУСһ翴ֻͻȻΪܽﶼɡ
走
״εض˺ð죬ҲһĻҲû³
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޳Ŀ佱ëĵһ˦еػĹǻĹȻǾƣض󷨣֮ǰСʱ֪ǿ˶٣һ㱻ڡ
Ȼëֱ޳ĻУСҲ˹֨һ±޳Ĳ֮סĲӲš
޳ЦḧСһʱֻǱͶԵͷûָܹжٰ
ëֻСԻʱոշȫǿʲô츳
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ԪյصóЩץ񣺡ңһƺЩۡ
Ԫ飬Ҫˡ
޳οܻպԵɺϣһжס
֪ԪأܵǿҵĴ̼Զʧһּ䡣Ԫⲿּ⣬һЩץ
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㺦Сү㻹֣
ԪһһɫĹâͻȻԪ֮зųǸƵʥԴ֮С
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ʩչһ󣬿סı
ԪЩɵصǣһһͻʱпǣܹһӡȴ൱ڶһλֱڡ
ǴֶΣʥΪ֮Ϊʥʧȥ˲Բȥ
ĻްֳɹĿԡ
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ʥջԪͣʱ䣬޳ɨһƬռ䣬˰֣߰ɣһȻǾ֣ջҲǼ󡭡
һĨЩζЦ޳Ǹֶ֪뵽ʲôȤ顣


1003 
겻֪ˣʥУǴ˴񵥱ֽһλţ
٣ֻܹ֪Ȼͨ˰սʥǽΣȴ˵ҿ˵ʥΪ˼ΪޣʹģҲǽһΪ״ӡԣҿģһлδ֪
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ǣСĴһλλǿߣ̧ͷգгڴղŰսʥʱʵ̫ҲǱ뾪
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һӰشӷ϶̤߳һ̤£·ǲʵؾٲ֮£һγ

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أ
Χڽ֮ǿߣһٿȻ̲סˣΪӰڳ˿ռ䡣
һ֮Уǳ˾ɲɫǲ֪޳ǷɹʥУԱֶЩɡ
޳һЦĿɨ
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⣬޳ĵ
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һ֮춯ϱһĿâҪסͳС硣
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ͨ΢ɳܿ뵽޳ʶʶеĽһǽ֮塣
ҲǰʤȨ֮һ跢ʮʤսֻҪܹܶԷӲԷһļܡ

գʱ䣬ֻ޳ʶ֮ж׽Ƕһ·ɿ۷֮
Ȼ޳ֽת˸塣
Ҷң޼ھŹ㣡ȻϣҲҪĨɱ㣡̲סһòײŴﵽ˽Ϊ񵥱֮ոͷ¶ǣԪɵ
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ϧвûб޳УָһץӸץһε״Ӱ
Ӱ֮һû˵ۼףһеģ̶ǻÿγ˾
ħף޼ڲ֮أ
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ǿֶΣӦ㻹Ǹ壬ԳܣۡһѪǴеݺݵˤڵء
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ܴһƬ˿ǵӰжǴһ˿֮⣺
˶ԷΪ˶ԷݣȻԷǿֶΣȾϵӣټȿµ츳ίʵǽ˲ò𾪡
޳һץӸӦץ˴һɨ¿˸ЩȻġ
޳ת˻Ц죬΢΢һȭлλշΪЩƶ裬ı⡣


1004 ϷĪС
ָᵯХָ𣬶ٵ˻С
ʲôôƶ裿
˿˻ĵƶ裬һһɲ޳ĲҶֹǡЩȫǿߵأﵽ֮࣡
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⻰˵úĪСü߳һ
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һƵֻǵݺݵؾ֮ºһ𡣶Ŀꡰ޳ȴʧӰ١
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Ҫǻɱˣ޳ǲ٬ǣʵĪС׵׷ɱоԴǼҲǲ
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ĪСϸ۵۽Ǽϣһ˿ֶıǼⷺŵĺΡеĽ͵һɲʱǵȻޱȳˮǦ̩
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ǣǽǰЯƥȴ·һ˶ǳѹѹ޳
һȻǱƽǴɣʥҪʤһ


1005 ޳ɱ
ԣ
޳ֳһĨɫȻζһʮ˵淨ա
ߣٸΣϣȻٶӣҲֻ߹һѣһ
һȣĪСĵĹâеĽص޳һǳ׹䣬ַ·Ƭǿձ飬ǵҵֱѹȶõÿռ䶼Ϊ֮ݡ
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գۼ䣬Ǿ淨ٶȱǣһ·ʮһ
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ȻĪС粻мһˣǵȳ̶ȣʹҲֻи׳Ƴķݡ
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ڲźȻ֣Ҫ˵͵ˣʹг̵ְֽҲǺ˿Ⱦ硣
Լ֪ڣһ֮ҲԼ˾ˡ

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1006 
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ԶӰܱǴýǰŷ֣˾Ȼŷ٣ΪѾĪСɱŷ٣
ŷ鼱ΪĪС飬޳Ȼг⡣ǣһƲŻæջء

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޴ˣҲ֪ĪʲôᡣĪǺ˰ǰ죬һȺӻƷеۣҺĪ֣Ǹѡ
ŷҵصʱȺ˺ǺǳֺҪĪС֣ʹҲпܻ֮֡
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1007 ǳڶ
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ĪСȻصµСд˲һ
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1008 ˪ɵ
ȡ
޳æһҿûҪ㣬ˮǧá
粵ǻãһ粵ĪСŭ
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һ仰ȻǻĪСߣߵһ°ͣʲôսܣб֣ѵϹ壿
˵־߰ڲУ̲סֹһȻǰǼһﲻ֡
ǲ֪ĪΣ
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1009 ߵĳͬҫ
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ǰЩӣӵʦŴţƞҪܼ忼顣˵ֱӸ˻
һΪʦΪٻĳȻԴͬҫȻ
˵ţЩεصϧĳΪ£ûüʦŵæЩ˻ɱҪԮ֣ҽɾһˡ
ָ壬ĳ塣һΣʵĳҲǰͨǿ顣޳
ͬҫϲ棺֮Şʦһܹ˳У
˵ԱߵĪСѾͷˣûꣿлᵽ˪ɵ𣿡
ͬҫҭһǣĪСתɹ֮ʣس޳ֵܣҶ죬Ůǧ̫ţϵĹһҲ٣Ļһﵽͷ
ԶĪСⷬۡ˫һָÿֱ졣
ֵܣҿóŮһšǣܶǧ˳ĻʹӸղ̬ȱɿպеǿԡͬҫǸӣĸ̸ۡ
޳ĪСļ֮ԽԽңҪæֹڣĪС
ĪСôˣֵܣҸ˵жôĳ㶼Ҫ
أͬҫһ˫۵ɵԲڹڣһ𣺡ĪС
뵽λڵĳŵƢԣ뵽ԼղžȻ롰ߥޡ޳ȥѵͬҫ˫һ˹ȥ


1010 ϵҰ
˪ɵҡ
ܱԭȨĶꡣǣǰǳѪѣ־˼֧顣
˪ɵ֮Ȼǻָ˲ĴƩפأڣΪ
ֻǣͬǰķ⣬ƬפֻȽˣ붦ʢʱǲͬն
ңˣҲһƬŵģ
ҾٻһϣԴΪأؿҵ
פع㳡֮ϣһһλ봹صΪָţŭָǰ
棬վһٷ磬ʹѮ䣬ɿϡЩʱݷɵꡣ
վһϤԲӰʹ϶Щ޺Цݡ
ˣǞԼ⣡
˭벻ĞȻôһԲƵĶӡƫƫӣǞΪܳţ
壬㵽ʲô㣬ֱ˵ɡǿѹӵİڱ˵屲ǿߣ
λϡһļλãǧټƵҪȥҲͷһصˡ
ǺãǳϿĿжôҪҿҲǲΪֹ֪׼ˣϴʡ
˫üһ壬صȻһж׼
׼
һЦϺȵҿȻɣμ⿼ܹҪˣңΪֹ׼˶٣ĽΪмˣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻԴʮ£ΪﵽĽٵǿֻ˰ˣټϰӞ⣬Ҳȱһˡ
ǿѹͷĲ򶨵صȻˡ
ô
ϲмһЦҿˮְɣô˵ȱһˣ
ȱһˣһѾڸ˪ɵŲձɵ
٣ǳͬҫϻ˵ɡȻϱһЦ
йâϺȵ˵ʲô
һȳ֮ţƵ겻ɫһ
ϲҪ磬ȥ֧ļˣˣ۸ʲô£
Ğ壬ͬ츳ҪѷɫһȻʵҲѴﵽĽ٣Ȼ޷ֿ֮
ףʲôֱ˵ɣ
ջһ˿֮ɫ¶
ֱԼ֣ŭߵһǺãұֱ˵ˣֲ㣬ó⣬ȥǳϿΣʱԼֻ˵Ҫ֮ȥδ涨һҪǞ⣡
ŻȻԭϴ⣡ԼĶӣȥ⣬еʸ
ȻοΪ𣬵ǵʱԼʱδ˵һҪɞʶӲսֻԼ֮ˣ
һ뵽Լ©뵽ղŞѿ˵ͬҫ޷ʶһ֣
λϣһ֧Ȩߣ
㿴ôֶղֺοռţѵ֧ɿڣҪΪǵԵʣʧѵõĻᣬǸӿɾǞҵˣǧˣϵغȵ
񱯰û뵽ʱ򣬼˻ǲЭǻǽš˹֧ҪǱܵĞʸ
׾ӵļıһϿԽ֮ţһȨǴ۶֮λ
⣬ֻҪӵԽʹ޷õУʵҲȽ
֧Ȩ˵ֻҪⲻܵõбӣǲ⡣Զǿߣ㲻в֧ĵλ
ϣҞõУƴˣٹ⣡ֺѵֳһ֣࣬صسŵ
һЦ˵ĶгϢܱȲԼҺ÷ģһ仰Ȼֲ㣬óɣ
󣬰ڣǿҲһ̤ˣһɫĽǿߣ
ѹϮÞһ궯
ȭգ֪海˹޲һȭǰϸ˺ɡǣ֪嶯ĽΨһĿԾʹ߿졣
ԣʹٶĺޣҲֻѹֶ¡
Σ
ֲʵԞͷǣжôѰҲֻӲ
ϵһЦ˵ʡ
ٿȻ
ʦ𣬵ˣ
һڰգ漴һԵӰӹ·һֻӥڵգ


1011 
ͬҫ
ϲ󺰣óͬҫһѪʱֳһĨʹ֮ɫʦܿˣ
ϵղŵ飬ףͬҫһ·ܹϻأе׺ķ˶ٵǳ˶ٵĿ࣡
ʦǧҪ˵ǵûãЩʦĴ£ͬҫæһ벻
ûʦͽɣһ䳰𣺡òǿôһСɣģ֪Ǹոˣ˴ǞҳսĲ𣿡
ȥǞ壬һڣǿҲȻһЦ
ͬҫŞһ漴ת˳Ͽҵص˵Ĳȷʵûʸҳսսˡ
˫һĪЩŶϷǲ֪ʱҞԮ֮ˣλῡ壬Ϸúÿ
ৣৣ
΢ı漴ӰգеĿݲŮҲĹű˵
޴磡
ȻղŻһʹĞ⣬޾ȻһޱŨҵľϲɫһ黹ЩǰһĻֻǹڴµĻþ
ڣĵȴ֮УǵӰת˹΢΢һЦӣôһ䣬ɲǡ
١
⺩ףϵһɨաЩҪ֧ҪͬյĴ϶ᡣ
һ֦ҶģʵＫΪ׾ϵۿԼһǻȳҪΪ己ʢЩ¡
ȴǴܵѣͬĴϣǻģһʱЩĻˡ
ڣ޳һ仰˵еЩɾ»ָһȻ飺磬ף
޳ЦЦǲٶ˵
⣬磿ôҲǳϵȻƺһΪ֣ѵ㲻ö𣿡
ȵôһδɵСҲܴǞңҿҪЦ˴
޳üΣ
ϺǣȻƣɣ˵ҲᣬֻҪܹʮУҾͳⷬʸ񣡡
Ȼ߳޳ʵɷ٣ʮģôҪ˵ӵƥҵʵҲʵ̫ѣǣʮУӦòѰɣߣҿóһһţ㿴ô
䣡
ͻȻһҵը޳ӰȻһãһԵ浯͵һһ޳˞ǰ㵵֮УЮƥݺݵس˳ȥ
ž
ҵҶûаֵֿ֮һ֮ݺݳУһǱɢʱ޷
壬ǱͶʯݡһ˳ȥ
һԶԶس˵Ԥϡʹ˼ķȥƶϣ궥Ҳǻܞѣȴû뵽ǵǽ֮ܣֱһѾӾͽԷ˳ȥ
·𣬞ĽǿߣһƲ
Сңϱŭһչ·һֻŭ޳
ηչһƾǺڳѹγɵľ޴Ӱ޳ȫڡ
ף
ŭ޳ʵԶԶسԤƣõΪϲ˰˳ͨ⡣
ԣô˵޳
أ
ǿҵײֻӰ֯һ˲䲻֪˶£žžڶ
գڵǡ⡱˺ü󲽡
ѵҪˣҞ𣿡ŭ־Ȼ֪ԼΪѷɫڼһҲû뵽в֮
ўңҿҪўҵˣ㣡
һŭȣ˽ɱͬҫֹ뿼飬ۿҞͨ»صλãȴͻȻ֣Ҫȥһϣ
˵Ϊ˭ڶԞҲ˭ڷўң
һŭ߳ȵ࣬ҲûȥֻǺ޺޵һţߣ
ǵıӰʧⳤ˿³Կίǽڶ֮ϣЩԽˡ
磡
ӭֱ
֪޳ӱڤжѣҷڼеĶΪӣ޳޷˵زУֵûκԿ
ˣĻͲض˵ˡ޳ЦЦļ
ǺһЦ޳ǰյıʧӰ١
ˡ
޳˵ɫٿȻһ䣬һ˿Ȼӿ


1012 
ӣһ
޳΢֪һ£αǿٻζפصĺ󷽡һϥޣ޳˵ֱӽ˳
ƿڴȴǷԼĶһĿ͵ס촽
ĶæƵؽ
ϾȥСֻǰңղǲǽȥˣ
ԣλ档
һӱ˵ġݣæͷ
壬ҿ֮ߣɱ
չֳһ֮ɱȻһȣվһ޳֣Ҫ˳ͨ飬Ҫ֮
û֣ǳϿ֮׶༪١
ৣ
һӰٻöػӞ⣬ֱӷ˾ſڣһ۾ضܣһźϣܲһŨصɱ
ǳѪѣӵʵҲһǧҲĽ۷ǿߣ
һ鷳
Զ߿գĪСҡҡͷԥϥ¡ò⣬֮Уעȴ䶨޳ľҡ
֮С
޳ոϥ£һΣٵؽ뵽Ԫ֮УԪ飬ô
֮УʥƳξ֮ѹһ㣬
ǣԸոյһ£㱻¡һŴ
һ㣬ʥǱŭˣ໵ĵͺӺ䷢
е鷳
Ԫû뵽һһ˿Ȼܹǿսҵеѹ
һ֣
޳Ȼһȣ漴һǿڷʶ̫̫֮鷨ûһǰ
䣡䣡
ɽ䣬ʥȰѹ֮£һ̶һ
β֮£ʼƽ
ʥƺѹƣа춯ǣ޳˫ü֮һ˿أһЩ鷳ˡ
оóʥһȶĻɽֻҪԱȼ΢ܵЩ̼пܱ
һըǾ춯أǻء
ǽͷ󰡡
Ԫеͷۣʥ˿̵״̬֮ܿ
ǣ֮£൱һȶըҩ
走СүͲţͲܽ
Ԫзݣһ˿˿ɫâͻȻԪĴٵΪһ޴ķ󣬽ʥ֡
ǷģһѿƵĹâʥ񡣵ǣʥһ澫ּУǹâס䲻¡
Ȼ
һë׵Ӱʷʵβͳŵɨ˼¡ܿ죬βһɫâ
âöǵѿʼȴᶨؽʥ񡭡
Сɣ
޳һӲԪڷϵ裬ԴӽӴԪϵΪ˾塣
ڣԪ鶼޷ʥСһȴ԰쵽
⣬ǺεȾ˵
Сһܵ޳עӵתͷһЦԶһûûεģ
ǡ˲ⰡԪصһһƬ
޳г˿Ȼʱڻ޷ʥǣСԪ֣ͷãһʱӦÿԳɹ
СӣҿԽöþʵҹӦҲܵõܺõķӡ֮ʣ廰
޳˵ͷ漴һ֮гö԰׷ߵĻþ
þâɢ޾Ϣ
¡
ҹһһſڣһϯǽöþ˸С
þܿڶγһ뵽ҹڡ
ţҹοʼཱུǴһƻõϢǣջûʵ¡
ǿĻþ
޳΢΢ԾöþЧ֮յԷģҪʤֹһԴϴ̶֮һֱûжҹʵʼ
ʵᡱǣõɷʱȻֹͣ
Ϣһ·ǷǵһͻټޣֱĽƥУŻ
ࣣ
öþһڶ£ȫҹա
ݣ
ҹٿȻ˫һꪳǰصһ̣
һεĲ֮ԶԶصȥ֪ӳȥԶ

޳˿ȻҹʵսӰ첻󣬵Ҳһͷˡ
ֻҪܹǰһΪ
һâ޳ܴ͸谭ԶԶش䡣ǳϿôһ


1013 Ϲ
峿
޳ڞһر㳯ǳϿȥ
ǳϿλ˪ɵƫǣ֮µıǨȻۼģΪڴԵʣȻһǿҵ
ýӽǳϿʮ￪⣬ңңؼһƬƵʹâƬâӳڰգӳһƬʮɫ
ϵܣһ㲻ˣ
ͻȻһЦƬâ֮ǰһӰЦЦ֮Уɷ趯
㹴֮䣬ɷγһľ󡪡
ǳɽ
嫣޼Ϊ磡
һľ󣬴ǰ֮˷ɷ߽ٵǿߣ˳ٻɷʾζΪԡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ЩӲصҞǳ巢ԴʲôһϹǷ᲻ã
ǰٻɷƼΪӺյİԵӣǿһ֧֧ҲϹļϹ䡱
ӳͬҫе֪ˣ·Ϲ׷ɱ飬˿ʵãҪѰϹʦﲻɡ
ߣ
Ϲصһߣ֮һ˿ŭصһ˦䣺ã𣿡
䣡
Ƭ𣬻һƬǿ׹䣬Ǽѹһѹ˞ȫȫ֡
һ̲ͣסһֻΪ߽ǿߵѹȣȻԶԶǶ֡
ۿҪһ³󣬡ߡһ𣬴һ࣬һƬƵĹâڿն𣬻ûһƬ֮ŭ
أ
ϹһɷɵƵɢȥ
Ϲ䣬òھҪðɣ䳰ֻȺ߳һλģֱۼǽ׳ӡ
һ֧֧塱ļܡڵļʵȻ΢ѷɫϹң˵ʵϹǲ֮䡣
⣬ҲΪ֧֧֞峤
Ҳã
ϹЦб֣ܳҲԼǲܸһѿˣֻɨ⣺ҲǳϿ˵
ȭ֮ɫӿ֡
ԵöĿ࣬ܵö裬жĳɾ͡޳С
ɲʱϷŭɫ»ָһ޺ı飬磬Ҷ
ķŭǿֻƥ֮ŭ
ķŭǽеУպɵʵȳΪһƣ
ȻˣͷϹǳϿÿɡϹΪҪǰѳǳϿ˵ˣϹͷҲûаܴȥ
ܵ˵ϵĴֺȫͬ־䶼Ҫ޷֮粵
Ȼǲӵ飬
ϹͻȻһ˿֮ɫ¹ԼҪ봳ǳϿˣȫˣ
֧棬ֱվż֧ļȻ˫ìѾǰȻˡ
ȻվƽϹ䣺жС˰ʹӣҞȻ㹻ѪжԸȭ
Ϲ΢΢һ飬⻰ָźͺˡ
ԽӲһЦֶǺһݣҪõ崫УɲǼ򵥵ؿһЩ๤򡭡˶ɣҿ
תȥ޳ȻǺվ뿼ߣҲ˳˳ֻһİС겻κζ
һ˿Ԥи֣ɽܣ㡪
Ǹʦ֡
Сꡰɽܡ˺һϴڵɫȭҽ岻ʣ޷μӿˡ
˵ţ˻ظֱȥ
˫۳죬ΪﵽɷĽ٣ô岻ʣɽܷǽڶѣ
ңЩ˵ΪҪȵڣٿϹı飬Ļвģ
Ϲ䣡뷢ţԭŷʧӰ
ôҪջؿôҪǞʵڴղѡɣһǼǳݣǡ
ϹЦ
˴ΞȡĻᣬҲǸ˲СĴۣʧܣǽԶʧȥǳݣ
պǳ壬Ҳûκһϵ
һݣԞҵʵȫϡ
䶸ʹǱҲǰﲻæΪʱԼɳѡ֧š
ֲ㣬ûвμӵʸֱӾͱĻᣡ
ϹȻЦôصؿһҵĽɣȻǴղˣҿԡ
ͻȻ
һ𣺡˭˵ֲ


1014 ǳ
ĺ֮УһӰ·ĹƮ
ʹϹ˵ǰŮǲ죬ɫһɴݡ
һȣ¾Ϲ֮ҲܿŮض

޳˵ĪСݣҪԸ֣ɽܶԣ֪Ҫǿ˶٣
ǣϲ֮²ЦϹ뱸ǳϿԴ˰ɣ
ϹɫãĪСʱһĨ֮ɫգûж˵ʲôֻ΢΢֣ʼ
¡
ƵĹγһббϵĽݡǽɴľɣҫ޾Ĺâ
ǳϿô
޳ǳϿ¶˺ɫ⴫ОܵأҲ̽ͷ
ৣৣ
Ϊ䣬޳˲飬ӰȺˮٵسǰȥ
ĬĬףһһҪɹǧҫϵ
ǱһǻתԼ֧֮УϹ֮μ
Ǟϲ֪ʱϹһļ֮ɫϹѵôСǳϿôһ˹ʺˣͨǳϿĿ飬ǽǲ룡ǿǧܡ
죡
صһȣϹ񣺡ͷԸ㣬뿼ģ㵹ǺãС鶼겻ɣڻǰԹ
ǰȫһ㣬ֻΨΨŵŵصйŭŵ˽ѵǣǞСȷʵ츳ǿ˳ܴУµʱѽ֮Ĩ
ߣ˳ܴУЦЦ
ϹЦĵؿǳϿΪǳϿӵɵͨôҲ̫ˣ㣬Ͽ֮УΨһ³еڶ֣
۾һѵѡ
Ȼ뵽ʲôϲصүԸ֣ЩСӾ˳ͨٺ٣ǞȻǞҲͷţүȣ񣬸ͬն
Ϲ䲻صһۣʲôҶǺεȾҺܱ⣿
ԶԶԣ˽ѵǣС϶ʶ٣㿴һ԰ڵ̨ɾš
æЦϥĻаԞ⸸ʱİ
һĻԶԶĞɫ࣡
ǳϿ֮ϡ
ͨƵбһ·ǰԼʮĿռùŹһӱõߵ
һ̤ܿߴʮһֺֻ̤ʮ֮һ˿ƮƮطϰա
޴磬ǳϿ֮˴Ϊ˼ǰʱɢݳԼٳһĿռ䣬ԣκĹﶼǲá͵
޳ף֮з·һĹߣԲͣش͸塣ģ޳һ˿д
ϡУ·ƿһصĴţһıԴ
У޳һ㵭ĹΣξмֽӽǳ
ĪСһĻһޱȵľ֮ɫ֣ס촽һ͵͵ǳ
֮УҪɷͻǳȴҪкǳ֮⡣һرǸǳ
޳ĹâȻʣǿȥǴеǳ
⣬ôܣ
ԲܣһԼǴˣ
ĪСʶطϣҲǾˣһֱ¼˺ǣҪ˵ǳûаԡ
ԣ㲻˼һĻһͷǷϣбԼΪŵĴڡ
ⷽԪ磬һž޴ǳɽˮҲһŶǳľ㣬һһÿһ壬ͬǳ
ΪǳҲΪǳ
ǳңҼǳ
һظͷ޳ߣÿһ̤ǳǼΪûκǴ˿̣ϵ֪ﵽһ߶ȡ
ңãڸΪ
ҡǳ
ɴ۾֮²ҧסͷôĻûСӣֻɷٰȻܹǳ
ٺ٣С򾣬֪ԼǶĿ˰ϽĹ£ѡ񳼷޳ΪպҫķʱҲһϯ֮أԪٺٵ
˸ۣСΪǳǿ˵ɣ٣һ˿ǳǳ֪ʮǧأ
ˣ޳֮УĽ
Ϊǳ޳˱ֳġ
츳


1015 ҶӲ
Сӣ·ͨ
ͻȻ֮һȻţŨŨâۣΰӰֵա
˾Ǻڷ磬˿ҫǳƵĹâںŨī·Ǵī̶ɣһգ̵ÿ졣
ףģ
Ȼһȵ֧ɳԭǣ
ǰֱǴ̡顢һݰж߾ǰʮ֮У
һֱһ׾֮в񵥱Կʼǲ֡
ȴû뵽֧徹Ȼ罫Ǹٻأר赲ǳϿ֮У
ǲǺܽ㾪ϲӣһ⣬οƴǰգǿУҲдΪ̰
һЦʹ˴ظҲʡóֽ㿴Σ
Ƕ֧нܳţǰѪ֮ʣܹǵ衣ڣʹ֪ǽȣȻǱͷΪм
⣬˻ȥɣҵȻԸ⿴ǞػλǣǱϾͬһûȥ
Ҳ˵ˣ֮һ˿ֻҪԸúõڣҿԱ֤һʳǣҲǲصĳϦΣ
Ĭ
Դ˵һ仰֮󣬞һֱĬԡ
ֱ˿̣ôĴԣ͵̧ͷֺųִ֮ɫһԴɳƵӺڻ³Ҽ游ڼ壬иԴǼ㣬øۡһ
Ҹף̳ҵصһƬѰ֮УҲǷļҵҲǲⴳһ
ŞսذʹǴˣ˫üһ壬
֪ǲ⣬ҽ游һ㣬Ҹһ㣬辭ĥѣҲǲصļҵᡣƽһʹϣǡ
תҲҲƾʲôҞҪ˱Ϣƽƽӹӹػһ
ƾʲôҞⲻܰХݣΪ˾ľţ
ƾʲôҞⲻܽԪһ㣬Լ
ҵƴҵΪȨƣֻǲҵĸһҶһϢʧ䣡
ŵǳϿ֮УֻӼڿ𵴡
ҶӲ
˵ıһƬͣǴδСʱԼ۸ӣȻġ
ʹĪСӵ֮УǴһ˿졣ΪںĵӣϢȻĹ㣬˵й؞顣
ֻ汲Ѫײ˴˵֮ˣްȡ֮
Ǵ˿ÞĻӾȻӵ˲µģ
Ȼˣǲ˳ͨǳϿˡ
׵ص˵ͷϸֳһ˿ӵɫ˿֮оⱬ⣡Ҫô˳ȥҪôҳֽɣѡɣ
ض̸ְɡ
Ȼ˫ȭһգһɫĹ˫֮иֶػֱۣǿĲɢݶһȦȦȥԶԶشȥԶ
Ǳ㡪սɣ
صسһ㣬ױԡһƿգ˞⡣
֣
һãͻȻһ޴ķ࣬ⷨȫǷŴ˵ӣֻǲͬڞЦĿׯϣתŨŨı⡣
ȭ£
ȣ֮𣬵϶𣬻ûΪһŨҵĳȻײ˴ס
һ՞Ҳǰ벽𹦷ҪǳѪܷӳǿս
أ
δӽ֮ȻǱűһǿ͵˳
ս
ӰԼﱩг˳ȥλûΪһӰ˹
һȴĪС޳Ҳӭȥ
һʱ䣬֮бűǿҵĹâԼХ˷ݡ
һ֣˫㾡սΪҡգ۹򣬼սѾ˰Ȼ̶ȡ
ڣ䡱һ
֧һǿɱкáۡⷽǿ߷ŷ˳ȥԣ֧ҪԶԶʤϾЩ֧꣬ռõԴԶǞܱ⡣
ߣǸϽȻɱȡ
һһλǿصغһޣĿļһǵĸ־ôһǳڼкУʲôó

һãɱɱ纣ӿֱˣɱ֮ƣȻٽһ˲Ҫ˻ɱ
鷳
ü̾УĪС˳ָ̧Ȼӳ


1016 Ϲ
ˣ
һȦǿҵȻԼ֮Уһƿշ裬˴ˡ
飡飡
ǿؿ׻Ƶһһʯ㵹˳ȥ⡱ǺòײſסΣٺˡ
ʱȻƿעǵӰ֮ϡʹǞһǿߣҲû뵽ǽεŮѣһ֣Ʋɵ
ڣǿÿ·˰ɣĪСصµǰ֮ɫǰǿߣȫֻǵ·ϰῪǣֵжٹע
ɫһ䣬ʹھ֮Ҳһֱ߾ϣδܵ衣¾ʵǵǿߣҲ˵˵
ԣŭȵѾͷǲǻòͷˣȻҹǳ飿ҳûи߹㣬˲̫޴𣿻˵ѾͷͲ֪ʲôǼҽ̣
ĪСʱһƬ˪ǹ¶Ǽɻҽ˵¡ˣָȻһã·Ǳ˼µĸңȻڰص䣡
ԣ
ָش䣬εĹȦֱ˴ˡ
һл絶лգÿռ֮гһĲԶԶصƵƤһۣҪ˺Ƶġ
ã
˴ʧɫû뵽ĪС˵ɱɱǲ˼֣Լ˵ǰȫǿһ㡣
ǵιâնֳһ˿֮ɫڲǷ
ʱ
䡱һ
֮нһֻ޴İƣӰָƷÿһָ֮϶ǹǽԲ󣬷·õʯɡ
ƽ£ǱƵ֮бűڶռ䱻һѹñ
һȦεת֮ܿУץâ
أأ
âŤ߱סߴ磬һŤ֮£Ȼըɢݳ
ԭĪﵱ棬ˡϹ֪δԶӭ
ʵ£֮ͻȻһƬƬ߲꣬ʣΪϵȵɡ
Щ̵棬γһˮա
һ޳Ӱ֮£߳߰룬ޱȳƣһͷͬīˮƵĳڱ˸ŵĹ
һŮӣŮˮƿƿƬƬɳ׷γһõĳ
Ϲ裡ĪС֮ϣ׶¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ϲ귽ʮţΪ۷壡ңݰϵҲǱĪСҪ߳λܰ񵥹αãʼղ
䣬ȴȡĳɼ츳ϹҲͱ񵥡ѡ֡΢ѷɫһˡ
껺£һ˿޵Цݣذ˰֣Ůӱǹ˳¡
ŮҲ֧ţϹǰֻз̵ķݣģȫһĸԸӣǿ
ڵţϹ֮Ҳǹ˵ȥݵĿռ˳
ǺǣС
Ϲһ̤ݣ֮£ϱ鲻ݣеֻһƬƽ
ƽ¶˶Լޱǿģ
ĪﾹȻдǳ֪ͣĻСضǧӭʧ񡣡
ϹֵʹֹıΣ
ȻϳĪСȻǲԸ޹֮ΪˡϾڱȽ˵Ϲ壬ʹǳǲС
ĪСһףÿüͷæģҪĴͣÿ·ҰȻ뿪
ϹһɫĪôǳ񣬹ɳ֪𣿡
вң
ĪСһһĨŭɫֶʲô鶼ԼѵϹʲôҪȥԼͨ𣿡
޳һЦѾͷƽһʮģƺȫͨӡʵﵹǾŹֵúܣһ仰ҭ˰
Ϲһ䣬˺ȥеαװȻˣֻʧˣĪ·ͨ
䣡
ɷǹ˸·ǺӺب񷣬ǳϿȥ·ȫס
۷ʵչţ
ĪС֮ҲǸֳһ˿أƼپٶȸֶǱֻܽͨˣ
ݣ
ĪСƿգһ֧գһǾһεˣƼһ˳ȥ
۷Ժ


1017 ǳ
Īʧˣ
ϺһϹκһֻĴɹ
һ֮в㰵ӰǾ޴ˮ˦βö֮䣬һɼϢѹ
һҹ裬辡䣡
߳УĪСָƵص֮ϡ֮䣬һâ
ϸۿÿһâ澹ȻķģÿһĶ΢ģǧķĲһâ
â£޴ΧϹ裡
ʱϹ貢δƣֻƽƽһȭ˳ȥǣһȭ·һռ䶼˳ȥ
һȭϷŴ󣬽ĳеߣ
䣡
ڣ󹥻صضԺһ
춯ص֮˵ͬʱһ٣ţһСӰɵһ㣬Ʈɶȥ
ҵɢϹκö˶˵վţԣղűɳȥĪС
ղһĪС·磡
ĪڣɷһرˣϹ赭һЦջȭȭĶƵĹâɢֶš
ߣ
ĪСסΣ˵ղųֻ֣Ϊ붯޳ǰһеĻڵΣѾɲаֺˡ
ΪһϹǰˣ
ĪСԲںԼǾ衣
̫磬ԡ
ĪСһץ٣ݺݵسһ˦һ˦صХ𣬺̶˼㡣
ˣ
ǵ·εٻֱϳգܿͷɵĸ߿γһ״תС
תٶԽԽ죬Хдܿ죬Х֮һɳֱϹ衣
ۼףÿһƬۼ֮϶裬Ť֮״
һٽǱǡݡбγһϹ衪
ΪΪΣΣ
ĪСرϣͷءХ̰գ˽ȥ
ȻһҲǶŭˣҪǱղϹϷŪСһ̼ˡ
ڵشڵӵƥǳݵϧĪĲ٣ҡ
Ϲ֮رһ˿ɫҲǿͽ

ƽ֮Уһ磬ϳգңңģ޾·һǳǹâǴЩĿ
ұ㿴۷壬Ǻε
¡
һĽɫ£·һװ㣬ص֮ϣ
žž
͵һǱУشѿ
Ϲһ˫һ񣬱εķХƬԶԶɳ
ĪȻӵٶԴЩҪ׿츳ޣӵУ
˫ֱһɫ죬紵ùĶݣγеΰޱȡ
ϹӸ£ĴĪСӵеԴҲޱĽԣ˿ܹƾΪսܶԷϲżѹֲסĵ⡣
ĪСһԲֻ˫ü񳹵ʧȥġ
Ϲֵǿƾ֮վֻĿޣٰǳ
ٿȻ
ĪС˫һ촽һ峺³ǳ֮˵ô
¡
ͷϿգһǿҵӿ𣬷·գһǴεͨ
һɫǳâͻȻ£һصϹ衣
ʲô
Ϲشʧɫɷٴﵽ۷ı־ǿǳ֮ԭȵĪСҪǿ
ڣĪСƾԼʵȻܡǣ
أ
ϹִټӶһȭ֮ǳâ£ɫǹײһ
ҵıű֮ĪСٶȱˡһΣϹҲͬ
ȻʤһϹĪСǸոս۷壬Ϥˡ
ֻҪһʱ䣬սѷɫԼ
һ뵽ĪСԼСʮ꣬ټȻڼսл򣬴ӶͻΪ
ϹоǶʻӿޱŨҵļ֮ɫӿ֣
ǿҵļջǣҲ˲üɵʲôڣϹһ̤Ϣ·ƵرǰĪһУǿɾԹˣ
һȭȭâЮеǳ֮ĪС
һȭҪĪСȶľ磬䣡


1018 Ϲ
һУΣ
ۿһȭнƽĪСһĮȴ漴һֻ޳ƿĳ
һƺ֮һöͬʱ޳֮󷢶žŰʮһ淨ֵա
¡
еľ淨һ֣ǿ񺷵ۼһһصسϹ衣
أ
Ϲһ٣оײһ¾͵ǽڣǿӲ赲֮£ȥȭâ顣
һ̽Ѱֵϣֱ˿̣״ۿһ꣡
Ǵ׵ˣҲǸողŷ꣬ɨ
꣬ܵϹȫһ
ģһö
𾪳£÷޳ĻöʱϹһ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫʹĪСǲ˾磬˴񵥱ɱﵰɣ
д˲²⣬Ȼ޳Ϊڴƾõ۷Уʲô¡
˵ڣʹϹ壬ҲֶοԶʱµӵΪȻǺޱ׶ˣǱĵӱ츳ȺӵгѼǿ̣ȻǿԲҪκι˼ɡ
һӱ츳Ǳܲ㣬ǿֻľеֹ̣ڴˡ
ϧҲӵйǰ;֮Ҳ벻Ϲڲ֮УϹҡҡͷ֮оһƬź
ٿȻ
ҽ͵һһšԡһκһ޳ǰ漴Ϲֳצصץ޳Ĳ
ղԣֻҪԻ޳Ϊľʩչһбɱ֮
ۣ
ƺ谭ץܿ콫޳ץءϹ迴ûа˷֮飬һĨ֮ɫ񣡣
ǵ޳ӰɢıǳϹҲ࣬Ц𣺡Ȱ˵;֪Ҳ㷢ɧ
ϹŵĺЦݣԼһƬɵЦ֮Ϲֻоջģ˵ڳһǰƣ޴ĳӿͷ
ܶһбɱˣкֵҫ֮ǰҾͲ㻹κεֿ֮
Ϲ豩ŭˣָһ㣬֮ǳâٶȳ֣¡
ÿǱߣĪС˫üһҪ
ǵӰûеüֹǵӰǱȻӭϣֱײǹ
أ
ǹƻУǣǹһ٣ɺȻ䡣ʱ޳λûһӰıǸԱѰҳ
Ϲǹ͵һ٣һ㣬Ƿֻ˰ʮһֱ¡
ͬʱ
޳Ӱٶȱãһĺɫгÿһ淨֮ϣǰȻĶ˸Ĺâ
ħף
䣡
ǹ䣬˿κβǸǿļУֱڱը
ʮһ淨΢΢һеĶħ׶ɢȥ˿ûκε޳
ƣ淨ħף
һУ޳ѧǵ˶Է۷Ϊǿɱ

ۿһĻĪСȵ뾡취ֵʮǺʱ䣡
˵ţʼĺŬոս۷ĸ
޳ϹĶֶ֣βԻǿֵʮǺ
ֻҪʮǺʱ䣬ܳվ۷壬Ϲһս
Сÿ
һһֺǻصɽ֮䣬޹֮·ĺХ
һƽɫâ漴Ϲͷ촽֮л㼯¶
𣡡
һռѣպʵһ㣬ջ״ıơǺʵı鱻û飬ǲǿĳХײ޳
һУĳ似һʩչ޲عҪǰһжǻɷ顣
磡
⾪ʹ޳ģһĿֲ֮£ҲʧȥġϹ裬˳ջϹ𣡡
Ϲţ˵ĪС츳ǼʵĻô޳ʩչ߾磬Լȫһ֮ϹľǱɱ֮
ԸţӵгɳĻᣬԣһ𣬱ɱ
飡
һϹѧǿɱռ֮бűڶǴƬƬѡ
һƬ֮У޳ӰͻȻʧ


1019 
Ϊͬļǰʩչڶ𣿡
صһߣϹʹӿǰʱȴ͵һޱȵĳԾ֮ɫ˫
޳ӰǲʧʼǲŲư벽
֮ԿȥʧȫΪ⣡
һޱĹâȫ֣ǹâƥֱӸѳһضĿռ䣬Ť˵ߡ
ǡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲͣһŵĲ²ӿ֣⣡
Ϭܹͨ΢âǽ⣡ﵽ˶ͨ΢۷Ľ⣡
ͬڼΪߵȵޱǿ󣬼ȻﵽȲΣƥǿߡ
ΪҪǣ޳淨ʮһ淨
һ
޳գǧɷһ񣬺Ȼ֮һ㽣糤˰Ȼѹǰ
еľ淨һ֣˷еĿռ䶼·һ˲飬
Ϲ֮Ƭ嫰Ľ֮£Ǵޱȴ
׽⣡
֮£ǵѹκǿߣʹ۷塭
Ҳ⣡
Ҳţ
ϺһϹ޳һУ׽⣬ΪܻңΣ
أ
ཻ֮бűε𶯶
޳һ㲻ţҲţ
ϺУһУǰĽ𣬾ͺһؿբľ˰㣬ٶײϹ衣
أأأ
ǿҵıըÿһײҪСһ֡޳ԽԽǸ߰ͷųĹҲԽԽȻ͡
ײʮ֮ڣ޳һĽǺӰ䣬һϹ˳ȥ
飡
ϹصײǳϿϣײϿһâҲۡһһѪ˳
⡪
ԶһĻĴ׵ˣоǴͣŵü󣬼Ӳ´ŵĵ
ôҲûϵһϹ裬ڶսʱǵûȡʤǱ˴ҡ
ⲻһֻϣͻȻ䱬һͷڵأ־ҵķõһ仰˵
һȻ
ĪСҲ˫۵ɵԲոԭΪ޳ܹԼסʮʱǺ˲ˣȴû뵽ȻֱӽϹܣ
ʵѿԻ۷壡
뵽ڻƷʱԼԴضвĪС;յ
˵˵߾ߣδ̫ȱ֮˰ɣ޳һЦٿȻֳǰץȥ
һץϹ裬ȴǶԷƲҪߡ
ֻץϹϢδƽֻǴһҶңҶңزصӣҲѳͽ䣡
޳ĮȻץ¡
һ·춷֪ȹ˶šôǰǺ»սʲôҲɲɡ
ԣ޾壡

ۿǵӰٶ˿޼£Ϲһ˿ŭ֮ɫСӣ㲻ҪұҪɱ㣡

һڿշ裬Ӱ֮ǰӰһ˹漴ȥϹӰһ֮£ƿϣʧ
ĪСü
޳΢ȣϸһеЩͬ
ȻǾƣһ󣬷֮һĨϢϹ裡
νʵǽͨƣӶʹһ˿˵Ϣʱһ̶Ͼ൱˵ķ
һ㣬֮ǰ޳˾žŰʮһ淨Ӷɢǳ֮ĵһޡ
ֻֻһʹãƸˡ
޳һĨɨܿ콫֮ϹϢĨ»ָ˴̬֮
֮޳ٶȶһ
Ϲ赹һöȨǮɡ޳
ңңңԪ֮ϴȻΪ
Ԫ͵һϴεĻûҪ㣡
ЦЦ޳һת⣬ôߣ
ã
һع޳һƽ̾
ɳˣҪܹϹţǻ̲סף޴ǷƵ·㲻ʲô¡
£һ֪
ǰ治ԶǼ֮ˣ
ֺ̲סֳһ˿ӵɫԴӞұͳελ֮ǳϿҲ״ν롣
ϿļʶǴյ伮һЩе


1020 Ѫ
һΣʹĸĪСҲ˳ӵظ޳Ҳǰǰޡ
˵һǿˣȻ֮ǰ޳һȳɞĳ֪λ꼫Ϊɲ
ǣǵȳϾոշһĻȡ
Ϲе򾣬ȫһ
ܹϹ޳ȥǞңһЩ򶥼Ϊ֮񣬻뾡һа취Լɣֻߡ
뾡취֮ٵ

һ˵Ӱʧ׵˳˿һʱ嶼Щ£һ㡣
û뵽޳Ȼ赭дطŹԼϹǰ֮ȻɵΪ޳ڼɵԼ˱
ΨһȽϿ׵Ľ;ǣ
˼ҸûнԼ˷У
˶ӣ˻ޱȱŭ޳ˣһ˿һĺⶼ
Ϊ˼㹻ʸ
˴˵Ĳ̫νķŭ裬Ҳ㲻ôҪˡ
ô죿Ŀף⡣
ô죿
εһЦϹ趼ӵˣǻô죿ȻֱӳȥˣҺλŭǻܱһ
Լ彻ȥɣԥһ¡
ʲôýģϹ趼⣬ѵָǲɣ
һЦԭжϹҲŶһ𾴡ڣϹ豻޳֮󣬾ⶸȻɢȥ˵Ҳ
һλϹһֵŮӣ죺ǻˣ϶Ϲ裬ΣϹӵʱ뵽һǰ㣿
ͷϹͨˡǳϿʱ׼Լͬ飬ΪҲǴʹ˵ԭ
߰ɡ
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ǸпһһΣʱƿǳϿʧ

ô
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һԲεĿռ䣬ֻǣһɴ籡ĹâУ뵲
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޳ʵӵĿ飬ΪҪľҪͨǳϿõ՞ߵȻѲʹãȻϵȨ
Ϲʹթǰȡ˰ɣĪСҲۡ
ٺһЦЦһţĪˣǞҵϵѪκˣǾȡߣ
˵޳²бضԵɣҲĵصȴ
ûȶãϥ¡ܿ죬ü֮йâ˿˿â£ǰγһöԲηġ
ıɽ֮Σϸƺ鱻Сⲻһģǰһ
䣡
ͷͻȻһƵĹâ֮â貣·ǺӺաǺңң֮ǳӳ˴˽֮£һľͼڿС
ǳѪ
Ȼٻ˾ѵǳѪѪһؿڵķ໥ӦŨŨĹȥ

֮кѿһŻȻ䣬һƬѤ֮Уһ͸£Ӱ໥Ӧ

ͻȻһǿ߾
һ̣޳ҲѿǵŻ֮һԲεƣ羵ӣ״ǰķһģһ
֮УоңңֶӵͬʱǳϢȻŨ
ǳѰҪ߳һΡǺ˾ͷһһЩƺҪӭж⡣
޳ˣΪΞǰܱϹȡߡҪ뽫ٻ˼汸ϵĴУԼѵǳѪ
һֻһˣ
磬ǳΪ棬ǴҲúòһɡ
޳ͷӦٿȻһһĨȻ֮ɫӿ֣


1021 ⣬޷
ܿ죬еĨȻ֮ɫ޳ζ£һҲ
ǣ޳ȴǧӹ֮
٣ģ٣
ղţڞٻ˿ʼʱ޳һ˿޵ɱ⣡
ɱ̺֮ϢϹҲҪǿһܹﵽȲΣǴŴǿߣ
˵ǳϿǿߣΪߵֻô
޳˾κˣĿǰս۷ѾǼˡǿ֣߳Ҫ˵ɨֳˣڻ¡
ϧΪ̫޳ʶ֪Ҳ޷ǹɱľԴ޷
˵ͷȻȻٺòˡ
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Ψһİ취ٶһԪٶһ㣡
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˴ǳϢŨܹǸ򹦷ŲСİ
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޳˿ǳɶ룬֮мת
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ûжãʥѾ޿ָ㣬Ͼһ¾¾ǳУܹ١
ʥȻͨʽǲ޽⣬ܹĵ㲦Ǻܶࡣ
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ֻǵؼḶ́߿Դ֮УԼĵ

ÿˣרԼĵÿһǾظ
޳һ
ǲĽרǣֱӽԼĽȥʹ޳ѧʮ㣬Ҳܴﵽĸ߶ȡ
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ǰػ˾塣
ɣƬӰ
֪Ҫôͨſ԰쵽һУҲͽҶ൱
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ԺвϵػطЩ棬л۵ĸжԽԽŨգ·Ǿǿ˼£࣡һһ˿ѿ
ʶ֮УǱС漴ã徹Ǳģɢ
ǣÿһֻ֮ϵʱ϶
⣬޷
ڣĵ֮£޳ĽٶȽﵽײΡȻֻΪε޷⣬޳Ѿš
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ͻȻ޳о΢΢һüͷһ壬ѭȥ
ĪС


1022 
ģ
ĪСһſŹ㸡ÿһŹ֮жǷӿԹһöĵģ
濴ʮλÿһλ棬һöģ
ȻĪСǳϿ֮Ȼ̺ǿķԺܶ˶ԶǼΪϡѵá
ǶĪСݵĵ˵ʲôƵڲ
˿̣ĪСһʼЩķ֮鷢ˡ
޳徹Ȼ֮Ѩ֮оһöö֮
һɵǹ޳ӿ֣ͬʱ벻ԶĪСҲǹӿǹ⸦һӴ罺ؾһ
ǹۺϳ򣬺Ȼɢ˵ȫ̰У
Կ˾ͺԡǹµʹ˵Ϣ
ף
һĻ˵ע⣬һѵǡ
⡰Ϊѵã߻Եɺ֮£˴껥ͨһ̶ϿԹԷ顣
빲Լһ֮ǶԱ˴˵ûǿԵԼҪΪѵã˫ȫſ飬Ա˴ûκη
ţ
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ƺγһֽܵĹ
ͨǹ⣬޳֪˼ΪĪСĸظ򣬶İҲĴ
һֱ޳еҰ·ӵζϵͳԵزĪСǳڴţ֮·ǾȱܽᣬԳƵǧ
ԣ޳İҲĴ
ȥɣ
ԥһ£޳ſԼĸ򣬽֮ĪС
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ϴ޳صؽȫĹĪСǲ֪ȱʲôĪСʹйҲ޷۷塣
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޼йԨԴȱҵĿһ׽ЧúáΪһЩ磬˫Ŷջ˸ԵĹϽºԷĹ֮󡮶СҲû˿ɹ
ĪС͵ǵΨһһˣ
޳ȻԼõ֮вû޼׵ݣղĪСΪ˸мԼԽйزִݶ
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޳˿˫ʱٶ롣
ϲ磬Ϊֵý
˹صرȭϹâտȻԭҪΪǿ˲٣ȻǸղŵõ˲Сĺô
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޳εӣˣˣʱ䲻磬߰ɡ
˳ͣ˽ŲٺЦųĪСҾȻֳ֮һУʱһġ
÷ɵһ룬ٿȻ
õˣǲУ
һֻƿճ֣һѽץģ


1023 صǿ

⧲֮£ǷӦֻǵӰץģ
ǣҲ˸֮˵ƳԽףʹԼҪҲ
ΪҪǣӰȻԼӪһǿߣ
ŵؿоʹࣺʦ֣㣬㾹ȻҲҪў𣿡
ԼѮ䣬ƽ棬ͷϡͷڷȺ֮˿ע͡
ʹǸղ봴˼սʱٱ֮Ҳûаı֣ƺֻӲ
ȴû뵽ͷͻȻ֣˲佫ת
⣡һľô£ߴߣѵʲôԾ𣿡
Цԭȵƽӹ֮ɫһɨգеֻ޾Ұġ
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죡
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޳˫ٿȻһȻ
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͵һâȻաâǰÿһ³·һ֧ǹصس֮С
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һԶԶԽ۷塣ʹΪװĹϵûдﵽ٣Ҳǰ벽֮ɱκεǿߡ
һƼӾ淨ֵܵ

޳˿Ķʶ֮ǱƻõСٿȻ
֮һŤһС߰ɳա
һɶ֮пռŤҲһӱǧأҪûëݣʱȻ
зҡ
ѭ
ν޷
⣬޷


1024 
ϹǸŰ㽣֮£ս㾹ȻýҶԿӴ
ЦȻΪװԵʣʵȥǣʶȻǸĽٵߣС֮еĴǿ߶ԶԶûϳһĲ֮ͬ
ʹĪС΢΢һĿҲǲ¶һ˿ǣ
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ż׽⣬ܹסǿô
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ХĺԶԶسſοٵرܿǧ֮Զ
ԭ֮һŴԼĿռȻը飬ֳһƬڶģȻղҪѵÿ죬һпȡ
СֿǴޱȰ޵ҧгݣû뵽ոӵ٣Լûüúҫֱӱɱ
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ţһֱޣǧգصس޳һк£֮жʱһѷ֣ǿѹǵصӿ޳ȫС
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һسȥǣûܽӽʮɣ˺Ƶͽصس˳ȥǰѪⷭɣѪۡ
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һߣĪСûаԥʶسǰ֮һ˦˳ȥ
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Ϊ˳ǲȻΥڵѵ룬˶ף

ϧżӲгÿԼʮʱĪСһ𣬱ݺݵ˳

ĪС̲ס˾ֿڣһƬϢĽսģü֮е֮ɫŨң
Լӽ֪һ޳Ҫеٵѹ
Ƿܹס


1025 
飡
΢𣬡ݡһӽսķһݵӰ
СʵҲֹڴˣ٣ֺγаַ֮
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ЦžžĶգİǺ߸ߵسڰգ֧ס˵棬߸ߵسڰա
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ৣ
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䣡
һʮߵ飬޳ıҲܵǿನķˡ
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׼װĴǷӰ·ڿһֻеϣʱһ
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޳ӰαãǺӰζķͳͳ顣

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֮УǺɱˣÿһ·Юֻ֮ҪУ¾ж׻ҲҪܵСĴˡ
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˿ԣ챩£ۿŽ⻤ɫԽԽǱһ⡣

һֻǻֺȻ顣޳ֱ챩

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һѪˤڵأޱȿ񺷵תǸղ޳һѾǽеľ֮飬õ޷ʹװ
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ʩչװĵҲһӵɱңɱңҴûУûбўң
޳Ųٿֹ뵽ʲôһĨ֮ɫ˫


1026 
ۣ
ûм˵ĻᣬһüͻȻը漴һѪɶ棡
ţ
޳һҲûϵҪֹѾˡ
ߣϹ嵹ֶιĪ⣬Ȼɱڶʩչˡ޺޵ص
޳üͷ壬뵽֮ǰϹ衰ۣ뵽ǰǾġҴûбўҡ
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ĻǸٵɳеšϹ衱⣬еġƺҪϹ岢ûκΰ
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ǵޱȵ䣬һֻ׳ֱ۵˞ǰصغȥ

·ײ˼ӲǽڣõأХз׷׻תâɢһ̵Ĵ׳Ӱ֮С
ܣʲô˼ǵӰϹ֪Լʧȥõĳֻᡣ
֧֧֞˫üһʲô˼һҪʲô˼֮ǰѾԼãֻҪ˳ǳϿ֮ȡӮ˿飡
أѾȡأȴҪǲǣ٣Ҳѹ֣Ϲһ˳治֪ЩһļһǲܹõԤõĳŵ
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ԣǱѾϹһ˿Ӱ˿ٶȱѣ֮вһĨɣ
ܣתƻ⣡
Ϲ俴βԣæһȡҪñܼ˵ȥѱ˲ġ
һָ޳ԵֻСҶö˶˵ǳϿ֮СΪڞңȻг͵ϮҶش˵ݶСǲݺݳͽ䣬Ϲйͷ֮ޣ
ܣҲΪ㣡ֻҪǽСϹͷȻǲ
üͷһ壬¶⶯֮ɫֻҪϹɿڣͿԽܴСһˣʵ鶼׽ˡ
ԣ޳ҪڴӦ
˵
һ޳ǰ粽õضϹ䣺ϹҲһ֮ߵڰ׵غ˵ѵպ౻ҿɨ𣿡
صһָϹ裺öӣҪǵȥ·ײ޴磬޴ܣȻĪ͵ϮЦ
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ϹȻһͣĿɨڳˣپȻԻҶΪ۷塢߾ݰǰе裿Ȼ𣿡
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⻹Ҫ粵ϹȻ߳һضĻ⣬һҪ̻СҲԣֻҪĻǣĻҽһҪСϳ֫飬һͷ֮ޣ
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һ̣Ϲ¶ԭҪѹ޳ĻᣬƵÞеĻᣡ
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Ļֻðܾ˵ΣգϹ峹׾ѣ


1027 һʣ
⣡Ҫ£ΪԼֵһЩĻǼʿʵ˽
Ϲ޶񶾣ֺȵܣѾ˼˲ҪСҪǶҵĻɾҪҷˣ
˵ţһ޳ʵǳ֮УҲǶռšΪӱ𡱵ģһʱ˿
ʹһֱԵıܣ˿ҲǲԸΪһδκ޳ǿгͷ
˵ǴԱܴӿһ΢ĲеĶⱦܣҪԷ޳ΪۣȡϹԼ
ȫһƬȻۿű޳
ٿȻ
š
һϵֻ֧Уһλ׷ԲԵⲽ
һߣʹϹҲ΢΢һ¶˼ɵ֮ɫܿ콫֮Σȭϣкָ̣
߱ӲǳڲκȨ˵Ҷ֮Ϊ¾ǵĸ֧ܶʱҲָܵ㡣
һЩܹͻΪΪõ˿ƻر֧Ԯ
Ϲָ̲ҵ
ٲڷƵһЦ⣺һ仰Ҫ̞⡣
ɫһݣȻ뽲
ҵ֧ܴУպ̳洫У֪ҵȿɷһּٲڻȻһһĿľ֡
仰ʳǞ⣬Ϲ䡢ܵ˾͵һϸֳ˼ȵɫ
Ϲ뱦öףٲļ֧ʼնǱŶ
Ϲ˲ûȡİնûܳɹ
˪һβ̬ԲķӮʤ棬ԼܱųȻĵλȫҪ
ڣʳ⻰ʾѾ⶯ֻҪӦǼ֧պ󱣳Զпܵң
ֻҪⲻɵӣͱȻӦһȵպ󴫳еΪȻʲôŵԶٹܡ
ǣȴܻúü֧Чң
һЧҞҵļϹ壬ԭƽ˲䱻ƣ
ϣԶ˭ȭͷ˭еϹҲ˲޳ע˞ϡ
⣡
ʹǞ˿̶˷ܣʾϽӦֱϵڱ£ֻɵӲŻҪơ
˼ϲеѵõ¶ɫ˰Σ̧ͷǸϣҲܴӦ
⣡ȵ⣡
𾪣޴𾪣
һ̣˭Ҳû뵽˻ش¾ϹҲͻľϲôסˣ͵
Զʱڼм֧˴˼ȨΪ˸Ե棬ϧ𺦼壬ϧ𺦹еˣǳͷɹƭ򲻹Ϊ
ƽƽ̺˷𺳵ڳ֧ӵͷ¶ɫ
ף޷ǴҸΪ˴ռһԼСɽͷûһͬĹ£ԡ
һصػ˻ȭͷպֻҪлᣬһɨ֧֮ĸңع壬Ӵ֧֣֮֮Ҷֻһ֣ͬǾǡǳҪǳطŹâվ۷壡
ޱȵ־ӵϡ
һ̣ϷĹâʥĹ
Ϲûаʥĸоֻֻؿ⣺ǴɼΪ˵ܴ򶯳ͷô
٣ֻһ㷭̵Ļᣡ
ٲһԿ͸ʼնûκתƣֻӡ
ڣȫ˵꣬ٲڲŻ˫
һ򵥵Ķкˮ˲óؾˣ
ʱεš
ڣٲ˫ٿ˫һذݵٲڣݼ
ݼ
˾ٶԭ󲻶Ş

⳹ɵˣղ˵ǷѾ˱ٲ߳ȡԷͶϹ׼
ԣһ䣬׵׵˵
ҲǴˣԭȵؾʱһĶˣǶõĻᰡȻôˣ
оԼѡǲǴˣôѡôһȱ۵ӣ
ڡ
־޴ľϲʱõԴһըѪҺͳͳԴ
ϣϹݶ㱣ֻ֤Ҫִǳ壬Ǹ֧˿Իǳıӻ֮⣬ָܱԵĶ
ΪʲôΪʲô׵㲻ӦҪѡ񳼷δɵС
ε䣬Ϲʧ̬


1028 Ϲĵ
ͷӻ˼꣬ûѧһ
ٲڻصǾǣ̫õĳŵǼΪҵ
֮Ϊɽ˺ġ
֮ͽҲҪ빲
֮ʱٶóŵǲš
ò˵߼򵥵һ仰̫ľ顣
Ҳѡ㲻һֱ̬𣿡
Ϲ۽ͻͻ޵ķߺ޳ӣõ׿ȥЩΪʲôҪı
Ϊŭܴ֮ĸǶȥ룬벻Ϊγ˻ѡ񳼷⡣
ͷʱҲƾԼǳǺ֣ԼʵƽӹմһҲûʸΪԸӵ䡣Ҫ˵Ϊˣͬ˱Ҷֻһ㡣
ٲϷԳ֮ɫͷڹģǱЩʺͬջ˰ꡣУԹ֮һЩˣϣзĳЩԵεšУҲϹ䡣
ԻȻѹǰˣԭΪʲôǵ˵ȴǱǡ
ϧҺķ˾޴ûҵԼĿеѡͷӼҪΪԼźײˡ
ûм˵ֻǺЦ⡣
ԣѡѡôһշʵģΪոմﵽĽٵС
Ϲ伤ŭ֮Ͻ鶯϶ͷ𣿡
һ⣬ʧȥǣֱӺȳ˳ٲڡ
ʲôԣ
ٲЦ棬ˣһЩѾȫҪˡ
ԴƣѾ˵ϵǳѪֻҪнʵһܹھҵȣΪҪǣ־
ٲ񻺻ڼɨεҡҡͷ˵䲻µ˵ĻôôţҴδһϿģеˣжŵĶֻмǵС档
ߵĻһǰƣصسϣֻû̧ͷ
ʹЩҡҵȼĵͷȥ
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ӣٲڻصǣԸƽӹһڼ֮УӬӪΪһСһ𣿡
ǣҪǧԼֳױδֻƬ𣿡
ǣҪǵĺ󱲣ǵһ㣬һУȴҶһϢʧ𣿡
⣬ǣǣǳõĻᣡҲһλᣡ
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ٿȻҼվ˳ݼ
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ұжХ죬ҫݣҶһ㣬Ϣ
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жѪУ
泯죬ۿ֮ðΣǿѹͷ𶯣ͬݵҞ⣬ڴ˷ģһؽǳ壡ҵ֮ҫݣ
ҫݣ
ҫݣ
ȻĻ
ͻȻһƬ˷֮ܵУһ̺ޱȷߺ޵ҫݣע˲ǵķݣ
ЦУֻϹ˳Ҳû˰ݣеֻһƬɱ⣡
Ϲ䣬µ㻹ʲôѡ񳼷ˡյһЩܱͲϹ䣬ʱռ˾Եƣ˵ûаɵ
ϹѾûκμԸ׷棬Ϊ˹¼ҹˡһЩϹ峤ѡ
ǣûа㾪֮ɫһЦͳͳǴȻ飬ֱ治˭ҿҲûбҪȥˣ
Σգ
ϹȻ̼񣬵ǿԸоóûеʧȥǵĳ̶ȣ֮˵һ̣
֣
ٲȲ˲ԣһ𣬱ȱǰϵȴǱƵؾ
ܡ𡱵һһֻߴɵĻɫܣһƾϹ䡣
ΪռӮ𣿡
Ϲһ˿֮ɫӿֶ˫۶Ȼһ񣺡죬ͳͳҪ
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ΧܣͻȻŨҵĺɫâ˸ǲâƿշ𣬿ٵؾۺγһɫĹ
ÿһǴִɣŲĹƣǳ֮ǣЩӳĲãǵ
Ǹһ֣޾аϢؽȫ֣
֮У䣬һã


1029 ħ
Ǻɫа֮£оһǱ˼һ㣬
ֻȫһƴعǿָоž޴ĹܳϹ䡣
أ
Ϲż֮ǿһĿڡ
ʶػҪǰΪݾ飬ϹʵΪ൱˴֮䲢˭ǿ˭⡣
ǣһϹһܷ߳ԼǱ޿ɱܣǿĿҪ߼ιҲݺݵУѣ
ϹҲȥɣ
һ߳Ϲ䲢δ׷ɱǽת˳ٲڡ˵ٲͻȻתǵԼһͿصס
ԣɱٲ֮ģ
䣡
ֱ籧Բԡһͺݺݵس˳ٲڡ
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һ޻ӳԲʮջһƬ͵ĽγһԲ״
žԲ򱬿Ϯ
ٲڱϾϳɾڼܱһгʱѾ˲κӣ˫һ٣һţִ֮侹һְֻ㣬ٵعԶ
䣡
ٲԭվ֮ǿֱӳ鱬ռ֮гһƬա
Ӵܵÿ죬ٲǰ߹Ҳöѣ˼Ȼޱȵؿֵܳĺɫħ㣬㾹Ȼħй᣿
һ˶Ǵһ
ʹĪС˫üһü֮иֳһ˿֮ɫ
Ժ֮ܶ˶ԣħɾһɵʣ޾籩Щռޱȸӡ
зߺޣģȴǿ־壡
Ϲ˰ɣ
ϹǼ֮ɫЦħ֮ʱһĴǣǽ֮䲼ħԤһˡ㡪
Ϲ㣬ħͲʩչĻᣡҲܻʸϹһ󣬳Ϊһ
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߽ٵˣ֪ˡ
вһŹħֻеᵽʱܸоȻǿ
⼸ɫһ֣һǸߵ̼ͻᱻħɱ¾һաӵɷ۷ǿ֣߳Ļ˿ƿ
Ϲ㻹Ҿ͸ʱúڣӦøоħ˰ɣ
ϹشЦǿ˳ٲڵĴ㣬ǸȥֹȫǱһèϷ̬
Ϲ䣬ﶼͬͬڣҪд֮𣿡ٲȵ
ͬ壿
Ϲ쳤Цͬ壬ǾͲñңӦúúõһٻҺȻԼǾҪˣ
У˫͵һţ޾Х³صХڶңͳͳͽȻһƬ֮µµļɣ
䣡䣡䣡
֮Уž޴ǳ֣߿ǳгͣһͼա
ޱǿͼ֮ת˵ը죬һɺ嫰԰£ѣ׹
һȫڡ
ǳϿ֮ǰ岻֧еľӢһٻɱ˺нҲ˿ԿϹ䣡
һУҪмǿͳͳɱĳνޱȺݶ
ۿţ񷽫׹
Ȼ
һ𣺡ϣ塭λʵϵͬ峤ǵתСֶϣ
ֺͻȻ֣еתһͼζγһĻ֣С
ħĺɫâȻ˿ܹ壬ȫ
һĻٲںԥһг֣⡣漴ܡ̼
һжӡ

һϢһʱ䱩ǣͷҲǳ˼˶ǳһ̣ʵͬﵽ߽֮
໡һȭ񷡣
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Ƿµ񷵱飬ֺһӳֳ˼ΰ̬֮ǰϹ䣺Ϲ䣬죬ҰעҪʧܣ
˫ӵ߽ٵħֻܳһʱ䣬ôڡ
ֻҪһӣϹͼıҪƻ
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Ȳ֮£ϹȴǹһЦЦкһ˿䳰СӣΪֶֻô裡ְɣ


1030 ټ
ףὫЩ۵Ķͳͳɱ
ϹһЦͻȻӿֳĻգ
ɲʱ֮бһƬ谵·ҹ۷չţ
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ϹȻһЦɭ֮ɫӿ֣ĮȻɨ˞ˣ˵Ҹȴ˭ֲźã
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ά٣
ȫ֣ԿϹ䣬˿ԶԿ־ɱʣµֻһɱ
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ǳٲڻǱˣ䣬֮¶һ˿ɫգϹʵ֮ǵָɱ
ڣһʵǿߣȴǿԾǵ
ˣҪɱ㣡
ȻϹת޳һ˿֮ɫֶռⵯҪСǞСҲȡȻʧܣҲͲкô鷢
е鶼ǹ޳ϣС㣬Ǽڶһзڣ
䣡
ϹԪǿ֮Уγһŭ޳
磬Сģ⾪
ǵٶȿþˣգǧɣƽ޳ţۿҪû
ݣ
ʱһָֻ˵ƺĳһձűǿ˺һɽƶ𣬺Ȼ˹ȥ
ƣ۷壡
Ϲһǵһ飬ҲˣĿвһ˿𾪣ǵ޳ǰӰ
˵ȻǼ򵥵վţһָ߹¶Ȳݲ䣬ûаװǻƣȫΪСܵǿ󴫳УܾͶɡ
һ֣˿Ϲ裡
ĪС
ұˡĪСص嵭ȴ̺żġ
Ϲ۾зһߣĹâ֣㣬ȻħӰ죿
ϸֱ棬ԲĪСתһ°ɫâĺɫаޱǿȴǸ޷ֺ
ߣһЩаħֶΣڵħɶսʹֱǵаֶΣҲǲ˰֣ο·ҵļ
ĪСΪڵĺĵӣȻӵиֶΣܹħ˿Ϊ档
ǣϹУԽܡϾԭԳԶˣĪС޿ɵֶΣݺһƣ
Сɩ䣡һƨ
Ϲñ鶯Ϻȵ裬Ҫˣͳͳɱɣ
ǣף
Ϲǳһ˿ЦݣСѾͷΪӵһЩСֶξͿҫ㿴ĵƣɣ֮ܣ

һŰ׹ǰӴӺܿϹ볤ͷ
Щϵԭڶѡ˳ʱҲǰ⶯ֻǰϹ丸Ӷʱҷˡ
ȵϹٻħǸǰңûǰսӣԱȫ
˿̣ǹոٽͷǺȻھѪԪһ˲类ƵģԼʶжˡཡ

Ҫ
һֻǵըŨҵľѪԪ𣬷ػǰ׹֮С

׹ӿʼҺƵعܿǻûһܣɭĹâȻǽ˿һ۶Ǿ·ҪƵġ
޳͵һһĨ֮ɫ¶սܣ
õһܣҲǽһЩɱǿߣõÿʵ
ǺԪԣ֮еġġ̫ͼԲжپѪԪעܶ޷
޳ҲǴӴ֮󣬲ٶӹע
ڣϹٻܣԵȼҪ̫߳࣡һ֣ܵʵ߽٣
ħôܽȿܽǸʹãٲйâŵغ
һ۱ǿսܵǿ֮ƾֻѾԺɨȫοϹԡ
һ£˱֮
Ǿ͵ɣ
ĿЦУϹһչǷܣҪ֮塣

ĪСӿֳ˼֮ɫһ߳ƿշһϹ裬Ҫ֮¡
ҪңΣ
Ϲֱһı޷һĪСˡԸٶȷɳҪӽսܣ


1031 Ȼ㣡
䣡
Ȼ֮УϹһ٣类شУٵص˳ȥһӰգ֮䡣
㣡
Ϲ͵վȻղܴأܵ𺳸ǵӰ㣬ôܲħӰ죿
ǧһ֮ʣͻȻֽ֮ˣ޳
Ϲ裬ĪСОˣһĳԾôţ޳ȻħӰ죬ڹؼʱ̣һķϹ衣
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⻰ָǣԼǰҪ޳ȡϹ岻ў֮¡
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֮ܣ
ǲƿŶ࣬һϹ彫һͿأϹд󼱣һҪٻǿܡ
ң
޳һƣ˿֮ϣǿе춯ǿз޷
ۣ
ϹٻܵĶϣ͵һѪ֮оĻȼա
ݡһϹαСҿܣ𣡡
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벽ͬʱ֣֮һִɳӱ۳鶯֮£ǹľǿնȥ
Сү֣㻹Ҫȥô
޳΢΢һЦҽżһһŵһʩչǳ֮У¡ǿҵĺ֮һƬУȻϹ衣
һʹþ淨ҲԺ벽پǿߣοϹ裿
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͵һϹ赱õ˳ȥǰ߹ǡУ֪˶ٸ
赭дϹ裬޳δ׷ֻĮȻ죬Ϲעʧߡ
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Ϲ֮ɫ֮г˾оóһٳ֣޳ʵǰǿ
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ֲ츳ǳ׷еģҲûһ˿һ֮ġ
裬ߣϹƲҲҼȥһΣһҪϹߡ
ӣ
ϹЩмľӢһ򾡣ϷŹԳٲڵˣҲǸ֮ǣ
䣡
ָһһ⻪ƼصغϹ䱳ġ
Ϲƺһһ٣һץϹ裬Ϊһãã
أ
׼һζ˰֮У̩ɽѹײϹ䡣
һĹһֻӴܣԭеƾ֮ơһײ֮£ϹҲ̲סһѪײ˵صס
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˿״ûܲܵѡ޳ִ֮䣬Բһһ״
أ
һըͷ𣬿ռһ˲䱻򱬣ҪǞ㼰ʱһопֱܽӻɱ
˻
סΣתͷ˳ֵǵӰʱ۾ɵԲ㣡
ǞǱܵˣжţô󣬳֮˾Ȼ


1032 ʹ
Ǻǣû뵽ɡ𾴵ļˣǲҲͬоǳ⣿
Ⱥ֮УһӰ̤ӭ𾪵һЦ
ˣǞҴϡס
һ̣ÿһ̤ռ䶼֮뵲·䳼ӳĵһޱȺƴ֮ǰηηҪֺϹˡ
㣬ǡ
ϹŴӵ֮·ողʶף֮г𾪡
Ϲ䣬ðҸôõ㾹Ȼǽ⸱ģ
ɫͻȻһĮصǵû¾ϣؼʱ̸ǵϲϣŪһ㣡ߣǿˣ
Ϲ䳹򣬴ħɣħɵǸʹߣ
Ǹϵħ֮ˣװޱأ¶١ԣϹʼհŰɣûһʼͶħ
ǱƵ˾ҲǲʩչϾħǽ壬֮ߡ
ڣ׵ƣ򡪡
Ǹħ֮ˣǞף
ʶһ¡
һЦ˫ֱԴ죺ħʹߣףλˡ
Զ޳һȻ
뵽ǳϿǰĻȷʵўҡΪָʹˣǞף
Ϲ壬ǞˣȻȫײٿеӣ
ף㣬㾹ȻͶħɣԵԼԵǳĽ̻𣿡
ȻǧǰҰ䣬ǲлħ֮սǣǳҲû˻ᰵħɹᡣ
ײǳ֮ˣǵϵԣеݽŷ޷ܡ
٣Բҿ治֪ʲôԲĵط
ЦħɸǿΪ˸δ޽ĿܣǼأʲôʵҳΪ߽ǿлʶɷ۷𣿡
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趯֮ǹ貣޴Ӹա֮£ÿһǳʵޱȣһת죬Ϊ֮
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صʵǴﵽ߽۷壬Ҫ˽ٵĲΣ
˻
֪˷˵ʹǞ⼯˵Ҳ޷ֵǿߡ
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ȻһȻ𣺡ҪʼܹʲôǶʣԼܹʲô⣬һӦе̬
ᱲж죬̵أһĿ֮Ρв˳Թˣʲô
μңÿһֶӹ죬õȻһɼ֮
죡أĸڣ
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⣬үǶ
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޳һֶصİƺݺݵس˞ϣõӿֳһƬŭ֮ɫ
Ȼô־ұȽɱ˵ǲǻӲ
ݣ
չһ֮׾޳ָһץһƵĹâ޳
޴磡
󾪣Ȼ޳ԲħӰ죬ǿսϹ衣ǣѴ߽۷ǿߣȫǶ֡
ԣ˳һȭ˞ס
Ҷҳ֣·ϣ治
𱲷֣Ǟ壬ʸ˵⻰һЦöүүúý̽㣬˵ĵ
צâȭԺ䡱һ𣬺һ׹ȥݺݵҽ˵ز֮С
Ȼ˵ﵽ߽սױȽϣҪѷɫһ
ϣʹߴˣúãѵúã֪µСӣӦúݺݽѵ
ϹЦƴشУԸ׷ϣԸЧȮ֮ͣ
֪֮󣬾ǳܹѣҲǾԲܽԼֻҪԼħɵȥããԼ֮ء
ԣĿǰõѡǳ׿ףΪħɵˣ
ϣΪ˳ɾͿԲһеԸƶԣҪ
ãϷˣȻʵãԺҴֵҲ
״ЦУҽһǱƽ˞⣺ϷȽ۵СӣϾ˵Ǟҡǳϣɣ
УȫԼĳѪħ֮Ծӣ
һɫⱬϮ⡪

ؼʱ̣һֻ԰׵ġ紿ʵ̶ɵƺĳǰ



1033 ʩ
⣡
ǵͻص£صһ󲽣ߣϷ򿪶ʱɱ㣬㲻֪úϧѵõĻᣬѰ·
ǰĺȻսܣ
ܺ󷽣޳ӰԳֽ𡣺Ȼƿֵܳ޳
г˺ŭΪԼĹ£ΪΪʵǿķ޳Ȼ֣
ӣ˺󡣡޳ذ֣ӵ
ԥһ£Ƕ޳ռϷ磺磬Сģ
ߣô鷳ˣǶҪֺαãɴһ㣬ϷֽͳͳɱøΪˬ죡Ц
޳ָһۣȻصʤδ֣ҵǲ֪š

ŪһЦȻʤδ֣ޱȿЦ㾹ȻҪҷֳʤ㣬ʲôʸ˵⻰
ȻƺΪԼ˵ͷǳâζûֶ֮£γһ˵ˣһصص
޳˫üһսͻȻһǿľѪԪաɲʱһƬѪȶХų˳ȥ
һ˿ܽӽֻԶԶؾ

ƤЦⲻЦһǣ׵ǲòĿǳȻ֪ҴϹ䣬ѵͲ룬Ϸԭǰ㻹ʸ񻽶ôɱ
һ˫һĹâҪ
ãӣǿܻᷴ㣡ĪС󺰡
˶ͬʱ뵽Ȼףûиһصֶνпƣ
·ɿܽȴɱȱؽϹӣбضкţ
ڣҪٻ֡
޳Σӣ
ԣ
âӿһȭ˳ȥܹâ˸һ˳ȥ
ǣ鷢ˡ
ʲô
׾ܸûһ㹥޳߳һֱߣݺݵϮɱ
⧲֮£ǿһȭֻܶһƣǵɳȥʮɣһСĿ
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޳а׷Ӧһ˲ղһпܷϵĵӶһٵ춨ʤ
㣬ôܶԿܵĿһǿ
סΣд𾪡ܵĴˣеĴ
Ϊ֮гֵšʹϹҲܲٿԸԼһ飬գۼ䷭̣
ԣ޳Ȼ롱ÿܻԼʱг䳰ǣе֮󣬿ܲδԤǰ㷴޳Ǳɱ
ǱȽͶԵ
޳һЦһͷĻش
Ǟ㹻ϸĵĻܹ֣֮ܵϢ鶯紫ͳǰ塣
Ѱĵһʱ䣬޳ͰٿطӰ뵽˿֮УԷӰǿľѪԪ֮Ȼܹǿߣ
׵ƾڿеһ˿ܹ֮࿹
Сӣ̫ˣ
׺ŭӣ͵һǶţܣʹ۷ʱڣսҲҪѷɫңý٣һܹȡ˵
㹻ţʹս赲ǰҲڳˣҪһʱˡ
أ
Ӱӣɽһ㣬˳ȥͬʱҲǵǿնɱ
ըգ۹˲֪˶¡
ÿһ£׺ǿķ֮õΪ֮ϵˡ
㿴˰ɣĻھԵǰֻ߹һ
ѵǰʩչصԵ֮¡ԣÿԴ󷢣ԽԽңЦڶ
޳üԞ׵ȷʵЩԵֵһͷѵҪֶô
ǣǵֶεĲȶ޳Щ¶ġ
䣬ϱǳ磬һһµأ
ʶ˞׵ǿսϹ˷ܵطе
޳ٿȻ۾һһâէ֣
ʱ׶Ϻһһعıɣ
һǱȭ䣬ЮƷǿҪϣһѪԪɢع鵽İ׹ģ
ʱ޳촽һ򣬻һᶨĻȣڣ
䣡
ǰȻһӰζһ޳Ӱһ仯õÞ׽סһ
ô˻ᣬһһױȻϹ䣡


1034 Сһ﷢ɣ
ʹߴ˵ľǰҿ㻹ǲˣʵʵؽܱɱ˰ɡ
ϹЦٿȻһֹпǵӰһ㵣㡪
䣡
һȭۣϹ䡣
Ϲ䱾Ѿܵ˞һ֮£ǵˡ
ԣһȭ֮£ۡһѪ͵һ
ǿڱ¡ĹѪʱը鿪ɢ˷
һŨҵľѪԪХУӿܡϹȻˣһ˿Ӱ졣
ԣһ֮еǻʵɷ߽ٵľѪԪ
¡¡
ϴֻܱѪ⽥Ũվ˸˾ƵĹâ
âޱʵÿһƬǹԲ󣬺Ϊʯ̶ɡ

գ۹ܵϢٶתۼƽ˞ף
㣬ôܽѪԪͣ޳߱ǿĲٿؿ֮ʱҪ𾪡
ΪʹõʹߴУҲֻܴﵽɷ߽٣һ
޳ֱⷬλʹ߻Ҫרҵ
мҪ̲סǣô˭ħɵĴˣ
Сү˵ǱȽͶԵѡ
޳ȻһЦٿܱӰ֮£Ĵʳָƿ۷ǿۣصسŵһߵ
أ
һߵ֮£һȦŭÿһ磬˾ǰʱѾнǧɿһεصĺˡ
Ʒ
似ǵͶˣܳԽ߽ٵʹʵǾ춯أԺ񷡣
թ䣬ǰҲһ
Ǳ뷨϶޳ֻƣƴսԼȫɱ
˫һ£籧Բ£һŴԲ֮󣬱۰͵һ

ƿն·һƬʸǵӿõ֮оǿơ
ײǺڰ˫ɫĹâ漴ͲݵĽ֮¡
¡
һ춯صǵԲ԰֮ɫӰһϵӰǾأڰ֮лһĲ
㾹ȻԽ֮ӵ˳̶ȣ
׺ݺݵ˿ҺӿѪҺȥ֮һĨԭΪ޳ֻװǻƵͷɢ
Ȼ֣ܣΪԼ
Сӣݣ
׽ƻöһعҪ黯ȥ
ףң循ʼһãȻƺħ֮˵Ļ˿͸¶
˿̣˸׼ǡ
Ǟûǣֱϵ˸Щ˴ѣΪӵȻҪɶ
ǲߣʹҲ鷳֧ҲŹ
ԣ̲ס
ͣΪǧħ̤ƽ壬ضִһΪľ뢣
׸ûͣĴ㣬һ߷һ߼󷨡
޳һ䣬ħ֮˹ȻĹ֮Ƕ飬ǶԼĵϵһ顣
Ƿˣڣͬˣ
Ϲ㽫ûкģʹûоһ츸׵ְ붪ҡ
Ͷ˸У˹ȥһѾʹ͸˹ץס˸䣺ߣһߣ͸һɣ
ĺУֳ˼ȵľġ
ץס䣬ܴ͹âٶȣǱû·ʱпϨ
ͲȳȫΪ𣡣ռһ飬ֺݺݵһ

ҽУ嵹˳ȥŶ֮ʣסؿڣ۵Ȼ벻š
ǸܴС׶Ǳֳ۰֮飬Ǟʼոܵһ룬·˴˼Ĥʲôǰ׽
ˣҲǲ뵽ףԼĸףȻֻɱԼΪֻǡ
Լ
ңףģ
鷢ڵʯ֮䡣
һӣ˿ûиκεţٻЦԽԡ
ۿǴ󼴽͡
ٿȻ
أ
һըͷǿȻֱ˺˴Դϡ
ֻԴ˵һը·ǧֻͭ졣ΪʧȻǣòٻ֡󡱣Ҳһ˸ϡã

ޱȾĺ·Գ
СһƨɣëӡëС۾޳ɵһ֣һץػĹ


1035 
޳ȻȻʧЦ
СһѾǵһθԼϲˣϴιؼʱ̸ʥһƹʥտħᲢ۵ľǿߣ㱻ֱ˽֡
Ȼ޳ԼһǧҲܽ£δܹСһɾ䡣
Сɵëľ޴Сյһ𣬼ֱԳƵǡƹרҵˡκǶû£ǿߣϺŵĴˡ
Ǟ׻ڱХ޳üͷһ˿֮ɫ֣֮ǰɥҶٻмͬ飬ǵ֮٣ĺֻ˾øΪġ
޳ָ˸飬Ϊһ־ɱӵо޳˵Ϊߺ޵ľˣϣǺ޲ֻɱ
ͬ飿
ؽѹֶ£ޱȲ׺ݵ޳ʲôʸͬ飡ϷҲһ汳
ͻȻ
һźɫӴϷɳܿûһ淨ȫ֡淨âת״Ļһӿ֣ɢޱȼʵϣһ۾ͽ˾÷·ʯһ᲻ɴݡ
ħ
ҽ֮ħޱȼ̣ʹ߽۷壬ҲԴ߶
ĺɫɨڳ֮ˣڣҽһȼգγɵĳضܹնɱǣնɱˣ
޳۾һգЩٿ
ʱ

׵ЦͻȻһСɲ֪ʱֳǷཱུβءৡ¡
ֻĻӦƶ˪ѩһ㣬ڵϢûа졣
һֻ޴ĹݺݵԴ֮ϣ
ҡ
׷һޱȱߵŭǳͷһ㣬žһը飡
ԭʵӲëһҲҡ
ǣƫƫԱΪνħ󱣻Ͳص;˴㣬ԵȫͬھϷ롭
һ£ӿɾʹˣ
ëһ£ǡԱΪؼʱ̣һޱȻңҪ͸巢ը޳ˡ
ڴʱ޳һ£ֱȫըԼը
൱ڣԼȼһըҩȻԼ˾֮С
ףԼԼˡ
ݣ
ٶȿХбǽ׵ľѪԪȫɸɾһΣʵǺܴ󣬵Ҳһ˿չ߽۷һ
޳һܱ㱻ٻأԪ֮С
ת
ţ
޳һԪ֮ͬһ˸޵ľƹâע⣬޷
𣿡
޳Ծʥ̥򸫿ܶɣΪ򸫿ܵȼ㣬ʵ۷֮󣬱Ǻѽһ
ڣܾȻһĿ
޳ԥǿȻȻҪ߿ܾ͸ɡ
ܾȻҪԼոյõܣǳˣĸ衣Ͼӵ൱߶һ߽ٵĻ
ܸһ⣬ʧɾʹˡ
ǣ޳δаģԣԴӾ֮ܳһ̶ѾӵԼǡ
ôҲ൱ڳΪԼĻ飡
Իֵܣ޳󷽡

ܴһ˷ܵܿצسȥ˾ʥ̥;߱˺ǿԣȻʵǿ󣬵ֻҪû޳ȫûаԡ
ԣһ֮£ռϷ磬֮һڸȥ

Уӣܱľ԰׹ɫ˫ֻ
ֻٶԽԽ죬ջû֮£ʼ˴ڣӳһַǺڷǰ׵󣬶Ҳͣ춯
γɵĿܣԭҪ˴Լһ룬ǿȥϢҪΪءָоһֵһıȽϣȻҪʵ٣ɱƲǰߡ
࣬лˡ
ٿȻǿܾǽӲؿˣسհݵɬ³˼֣
ǣ
޳غһ֮о¶Ȼճ͵ĿȻǾܣ
˿ûܵӰ죬ҸһӵΪԵң֮ѽԷʵȫ̼̳˹
ˣ
޳ԪЦǼ⣺ˡ
ˡظ
޳˸ۣûˡ


1036 ڴѶ

޳εؿЦҡͷԪ֮˳ܿȥһۣסˡ
ĿһǼһǰٲϳɾǰǴһ˿εľη
ȣȡ
޳еεӣλӦûгɣ
һ䲻ЦЦǺܺõػգٲڵ˿ǲǰɵ
Ԫ紫ͳϾΪ޳ܹɱףѾ֤ʵҪԶԶˡ
ԣ˶̬ȶЩԿƵ룬Ϊʣеսս
ȿȣ֮¶лԮ֣ǳһͬд£պвǲҳٲھ޶
ٲվ̬޳޼ӣлǰԼλã޳ǰǿһ
žž
ܶ˵ݺݵسԼǶ⣺ǰҹϣǲޣɱңұܾԹԣ
޳ƾǿʵȻȾٶ˿
޳ڳ־ǵǰ֮£ϷΪֻһúӡ
򲻿ˡ
޳æЦ֮ǰΪħɰʩƣԹüǶЩܵɱΡ˵ԞշЩὲҲˡ
ǻ̧ˣܼȻڳ̬ⷬ޳Ȼǲյȫˡ
ԣ˵Ǹ˶Էһ̨¡
˼תŞصرȭԴͣܣԸ׷峤׳ǳ
һ̣Ͽ˞峤λã
⣬زϣ
ȭأصصĿɨʣˣͬزλϣ
ȣԸ׷峤
ȻӦУٲڣһڳϵӾǺȭأصԴ
ǳ峤ڣ
ǼӯûԼгһգȻԼһĻҺվλã
غǿѹеļδй٣鵽ǰδеĳɾͣתǵӰ
ǵӰ֮УֻŨŨĹ
촽һ򣬽еĸмСʱ̣κεĸлԵЩ顣
ҳŵ飬Ѿ쵽ˣأ
ʱһƬ˷ܵɽУĪСߵ޳࣬ص
޳üͷ壬뵽ǰĪСĳŵʱӦǳһˣԼһˣֻǡ
ˣ㲻⸱ģ֪㲻Ըһȥ
ĪСһͿ㡱飬赭дƣҲ߾磬û㶼νˡ
˵뵽ǳϿ֮У˴һĻǲһȡ
ΪǵȻԱ˴˵ĬҪǰϿһĴ濹ܣҲɡ
޳֮УֳΣѰ޶δܹ
ΪؼǣĹ֮Уͨ˴˵ĸӦָܵ޳Ϣ
ָ֪𼡷׶Ҫʤһԣ޳һ˿Īĸо
ȿȣҵ˼޳ڨЦȻҲǱŶһ²һµͷǱĪСп޵ļ߰㣬ǽЩԽܡ
ߣ
ĪСһ˦ིһȥ˳õУҪл㡣ҲæˣǾ˰ɡУòҪ̫ƵʩչĻһЩϿǻѡ
еĸ֮⣬޳Īһ˿ᡣ
ĪСӿȥȻ
ˣˣ
ٵĲдĪСһæһʱĳһ֮ͭͭܲ
һ֣֮ͭǷһĻĻ֮һŮӵӰеصʦã죬ʦˣ
˵һ仰ʱŮ鰧

ĪСһǱ˾ɫһƬɷףһҡųԶȥ
ףʵһЩöԪͻȻ
⴫ͷҲǴ֮ıرԹ̶ط֮䣬ǻĴ䡣
ĪС֣ЯĴ֮̫
޳һϾԪĸпһʶؾ͸ĪС󣬿ȥ
ֻüңңضһ仰⣬˳
򵥵ĸ֣ȴ̺˼
Ծû뵽޳ȥ˴ҴңȻһĻᶼûСֻǽźУ޳ʧıӰ
磬񵥱ټ


1037 Ϊ
ߴһһӰӹ޳ĪС
ĪСд˻ںޣԹң֪ʦҪҪʦһ⣬ңҡ
εĵ뾪š
ԽӴ¾֮£һֻ죬¸߰Ĳ
ڣȴ¶˴δĴڵģΪԼִ֣ϲϼʦһ档
Ȼദ࣬ǼĪС⸱ģ޳лǲһۣ
ৣ
޳һΣĪСϣһסĪСƣڵķ򣿡
ĪС΢΢һ˼Ҵҵָ·
޳ɣµһʮһããգ̤
磬һǧ
ǰ벽ɷΪʱʩչĪС׷ϣʵһٶȸ졣
ʹǴһĪСҲҪķֶΡ
˿ٸ·Һãھǳ岢رԶԼҲʮӡȫǰ֮£֮Ǿ͸ϵڡ
ˣǰڡ
ĪСָǰǣֱ˿̲ע⵽Լƻһֱ޳ģ
΢ȡ
޳첻߲ȫٸ·¶Щ֮ɫ֮ǲһ˿мУԼҲĵ
ڣ
޳̲ס֮¶һĨȻ
ǰһƬɽɽɣΪˣнʵصšվǰ˲Խػоڡ
ϸۿʲôɽʬǣ޵ʬǣ
ҵ죡
ʹ侲޳ǲʧ
պɽ֣ᷢҪʤʬǲ֪ܣ֮һһƬ½ǲľ춯أĴڡԪ
ʧʱشͣ˵úۼһҲ
Ԫһ񺿣Ԫϵƣһٲݺʰһͨճ
޳ҡͷһתǰڵפأԼԿ˶ʬǱ棬ʱתƹâ
عâˮ֮䣬γһʵĻ֣һ޷͸ĸо
㲻̫ģҶһЩգ԰æ޳
ĪСһؿһۡԼʦ֮أһʦԽȡ
ǣ˿Ѿټ޳һֳ棬һ˿ڴץסһ㡣
ҧ촽Ҫܹʦ𣬲Ҫʲôκζκ飬ҶԴӦ㣡
Сʦʦͽʵ븸Ůû𡣶ʦޱ۰ݲκ۸
˸ȥ⵽ʦĴԣʦͽ鼫Ϊ
ĪСⷬŵζˡ
޳ЦɲʶĪ˵ĻԷģֻҪһ߿ܣһ㾡ܣ
ĪСһ죬ǰƽȻޱȣϲڻصЦǹؼʱ̣Ϊ壬Ըմֱˡ
ŷͻȻ
ৣ
һӰǾ޴ʬ֮з˳ӭĪССʦãǸϻˡ
һѮ꣬ĳĹųֵĽɫĨһƵġ
ң¶ļ֮ϣͬűһ˸·˽𲭡
¬ʦ֣ʦôˣ
ĪСǼʣҪڡ
¬һʵȨϵ״ӣһֱǿ׷ĪСڶԷʦĹϵһֱûз
ϵβֹ۰
¬ҡͷٿȻͣ޳ϣʦãǺˣ
޳ĪСܵվ֮żȵĶʺ֮ɫ¶
ĪСȥ·裬ǲֻⷢӵΪʦƵĵʦ

ĪС˵꣬¬ѱǹЦЦٿֹؿ޳δɵС˵ܹΪʦˣ
ʦã֪ԴƣԱɱҲ֡ǣʵˣһʦʲôõӰ죬׷Ī
֮УȻǽ޳ˡƭӡһ࣬г˱ġ
ĪСüͷһ壬ЩѹƻʲôɲɱΣˣһкȻҳеڣÿ·
¬һѵе²̨ҲãʦãҾˣӺҪΪСӽڣһ¹ʣպʦҲ׷Īԣ·Ҿã


1038 ǿղ̨

ĪСѹֲסˣǱżԼʦһͷһ·ٸ˻ϵԼſڣȴӲס޷롣

ĪСһãһ쭣ĳֱ¬ѣ
¬ѴȵʦãΪãҲãԲã
Уͬһƺ˳ûâ˸Լʮöӡ
¡
ĪСŭѨһöӿһȻ¬ѡ
㣡ȻѾ˾磿¬ѺȻɫ
ϴηֱʱĪСʵսڲ֮䣬ԣҲڳĪСǰֹԷĵڡ
Աߵ޳ȫǴ͵Ľɫֵаע
ȴ룬ŷֱûж೤ʱ䣬ĪСȻشĹȳ̶ȣңΪҲǸߴ۷֮
𣡡
¬һ岻Ƶرñˣݺݵײŵķ֮ϣһǰҵѤ⡣
СʦãѾƻ飬ֱ治ƶˣƴűҲƭӽȥţȫΪã
¬ѵԶԶش˳ȥսӺڣ
ಣ
һӰȻפأʬǱ渡ֶÿ˶߹ɣᣬҪļжҪñ
ĵ⣬ϵը漴ٵعһγһͨ쳹صľ˹Ӱ
ս󣡡
ĪСһսŵĻڴ¬һĳơǽȫʩչƥа˽ǿߣ
Ȼǵȴۺܴ󣬲֮⶯ã¬ѵʦҲǳﲻ
սޱǿ󣬿һս
ʦã¬ѡֻҪƭӣúʣȻţ̽ʦ
ۿսӳ֣¬д󶨣ƶؿĪС
ĪСкɫȼ޳Ҳ˫üһһĨɫָ֣һӿɱʹ
ǧһ
ڴʱһͻȻʦãʲô飿
漴һ޳Ӱٵƿʬǣǰüī˫ͫ羧񣬷·ܹؿġ
ʦ㡣
Ůӳ֣ĪС建չæ
ԭһ¬ѣڼŮʱŵɫҲǲһֳһĨ֮ɫ
ŮΪղ̨塱ĪСʦ㡣ȥֻʮģʵͳ˰꣬ԣ˵ǿĪС˵ĹϵͬţʵֻĸŮһ㡣
ʦ㣬ҽȥĪСίصղ̨ǰ¶һСŮ̬
ղ̨üͷһ壬ɲʱһɭȻƻ𣬺ХһӹգһǧɸߵĴˣȻ¬ѡ
޳һǿʵ
ղ̨֮ǰĪСŮӣһ֣¶׿ʵӦ߽۷ǿߣ
ҽǳ˞һɷ߽ǿߣЩõΪ֮
գ಻Կ֪
ղ̨ʦ㡣
¬ղ̨ǰ˿ҷִټսȺ֮У׳˵ʦ㣬ѣСʦôһϲ֮ҪΪʦˡ
Ϊʦ룬ŻƴİҾΪʦá
ƺΪ֤Լƴ¶ŴĪСһơ
ղ̨建ջ֣κ˵ĻᣬֱӵҲʲôΪѲΪѣСҪʲô˻ţɡڴǷϲ⣬ֲ¬ö
ְ˰ֹ֣¬ѵı粵ҵĻ𣿡
¬һµò˹ȥƱǿղ̨岻ʵ׿ͬһִ֧ӣĶֵܹ˺ô
ԣݺݵ˿Һˣղ̨ʦ㣡
ǾͻԼɽͷȥɡղ̨ǿƶҲݿܵص
һ˺󣬲ƣ
¬Ѹûзأ֪ǿҲֻȡ裬صصͷǱرȭ뿪
ʦ㣬ʦôˣ˵ĲӬȥĪСæǰ
ղ̨üͷûش𣬶ǿһ޳ʦãѣ
ĪСһͷǣҾʦơ
ţ
ղ̨ɫһǿѹͷĲ죬СȥʦɣѣһԸ˰ٺ
⻰˵ĿʵҲǸ޳пܾʦֻΪ˹ȫĪСӣί˵˳


1039 ֵ
ʦ㣬޳ǳˣа취
ĪСеر粵
С
ղ̨岻˵꣬Ǵϵôʦ㣬ۼҽγɹˣ־ֹʲô֢֮
ĪСʵſڽ࣬Ͼ޳ദʱ䲻ЩһҲ
ʵϣ޳ҲҽιʲôˣЩ֤ҽˮƽȻһҲò֡
ǣǡλǽԼŮǰĪСÿ׾
֪ʦղΪζ¬Ѻղ̨ʵ
ĪС⣬ղ̨ƽȻΪ˰ԵǲûǿƵǵȳ̶ȡղŵıֱ֣ԳƵͱˣմͬ
ղ̨̾Ϣϸֳƣִʦ˵ˣʦҲ⼸ˡ
һΣ
ĪС͵һСɷףס촽Ҫȴһ޲һϣɫʧӰ֮һƬ
֡ԶĴʦ׷ʦӡϸǵõԷ洫
ʧ֮󣬳ļˣӵ״ӡ᳤֮⣬ʣµĵʦѾ˿֮硣
ĪС֪ʦΪоɣҲ붯֡Ȼ׿ڶԣôʦ˼ȷˣ
δʦ˵ӴĻܹʦ𣡡
⼸ȻйʦϢܷһЩﻹǴ˳ȥ֮ڣʦ϶֮ڶǴ
ղ̨֮һ˿أɱ֮⣡
˵ĵطнΪ۷һ顣ԣĪСʦҲŵж֮ˡ
¬һɣȻĪСãеʱ̣˭Ҳܱ֤յһά֡
ԣղ̨ʩչǵֶΣһǸ¬ѽѵҪɱӺһЩ֮һ棡
ʦ㣬ȥʦ𡣡ĪСȻǿסۿеɬ֮⡣
ţʦڸոշδʦƵĵҩԻָ˼־һɡʦ۰㣬ӦҲῪĲ١ղ̨
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һΣղֻ̨ǿһۣûжֹ
ղ̨ǰʹЩ֮Ҳǲơԣ˳
ɽŸ򣬱翴ҪΪΰ˶ʵǿ֮ٶ졣
Ҳķһʱ䣬Ŀĵء
һִĹǰ˱Ϳգ֧ɢ°ɫĹâ֮ǿ㣬ƥǰС
ǰ治֪Ǻεȵľ춯أ
޳а𾪣ɿжôӴӴ½һǳײޱȿ񺷣ܹײһɽ
οѪܲĹϹԼɱ֪
ʲôһ壬ǿߣ֮ʱҲѷɫ֣ص
У
һΣĳԪزмˣһͣʬЩҪΪ֮ץ
ղ̨룬ܿ죬޳ǸоǰȻʣ
һƬ磬澹Ȼֲֲкܶ඼磬Ѿɱҩ
⣬ҩ֮вʱһֻС̽ë׵Դ˽ҲǺη壬Բ۾š
ó
޳Ǳһѣ濴˿벻澹Ȼ档
ʮǵһ֧ǶһǿߣֻһͿʮ죡һֻǣ֮һԱƳΪĴڡ
ĪСҴҽ͵
޳ͷԱߣһĻղ̨üʵ޳׸ƣҪʸĪСӡ
ܿ죬һƬҩԣ޳һ侲֮ǰ
ʦ𣡡
ĪС̲סɱһǰϥǰǶƵػ䡣
߼ĪСϵƣɫȥɵĪޣʦû£ҪΪʦģʦպҪҼСɼҼ˵ء
ţޣСޡ
ĪСĨһŬȥϵۣʦû£һûµġ
ղ̨˵Ҫϼһﾲ㲻ǵ𣿡ȻվڡݡϣһλŻۣ߲ܳص
ղ̨ǰȫû˰ǿƵζϻ̳ϿֵصδʦСʦãһʦ۰ԡ
ӳƺɿλ߾ĵʦ֡
߲˵꣬ǰ˰֣غȵû˵СѾͷ˵
ָ޳СʲôˣѵҲͷʦͽϵ


1040 չ
δʦСʦôģΪˡ
ղ̨ʶػش𣬵ǺܿѼԼĴæס˿ڡ
ʱ򣬵жˣһϸ˫΢С޳֮һĿľٿȻը
ʹ˲γɵѹǻɽХ֮ǰпܱŵĵѶ
޳΢Цƾѹɽأһ
ڣŵƣ糱ˮȥ΢Цŵ˵ͷСӵ׳ܹ㣬ϷǰΪʵһЩĻСˡ
֮УȻһ˿Ůζ
ĪСʱ˸æǵģʦҽƵġ
ĪС⻰һղ̨֪Ҫ㣡
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ȻֵʦصһߣϵĲ켸ɺ˪ϹȻĺͽʶΪĵʦҾͲˣͰɣ
Ϊ֪ĵʦȻԼĽ˵ĽǾԼҽεĲˣе߲㣡
һ϶ǶԷԼԼĵΪĪ裡
ԣĪС˵ǷȻɫ
ʦʦǧᡣ
ղ̨̲סˣæСʦòǸ˼ֻļʦƣ鼱֮ЩͶҽŻ˵ⷬðʦʦҲһƬТķϣҪ𡣡
ֵı΢˼֣ȻѿһԲ
ղ̨תæֵҲˣɣ֪ôʦô컨׹Բʦö˴ġ
ҲǴЦδʦǵǰѵҪһɣ緢ΪİĹǰǿϲ꼸ҲҲ˴ŵ
ȻҲǾ޳гִʦĵɾͣԲŻ»С赭дؽҹҲǶ޳ı
ҩһǰͽ̵ңԵСģ˿
һһص޳֮дźε񣺡Ϸƽ޵ľΪȡˣ֮仹ڵҩҿСӾӦñȥ
ղ̨˼ɫһƵ˫޳ڳȥɣԻ˽Ӵ㡣
Ǿʹ˱ϣ޳ʵˡƭӡͷԺϴѡ
ʦ㣬Ҫ޳ûж⣬ֻҪңֻǴҪæûκͼġĪСæ޳ֱ档
ղ̨˫üżɫ߳Сʦã㲻ҪԣʦҲѾˣѵҪΪôһСӣ͵ʦһϣ𣿡
ĪС촽Ϊѡ
㻹ڵʲôղ̨峯޳ȵ
޳ֿһۣûްֹ˼вȻ
ֻΪĪСҲǹѵĽ飬ŴǰһˣǷܹʩԮ֡
ȻԷԼԸܣ޳ȻǲûȤˡ
תȥٿȻһصߡ
ñ˶ʦֺãͼ²ģоǽ˲ݣʮ
ԣ
޳ٿȻֹŤת˵ʲô
ֱɱһвһ˿һ
Ǿ̫ʾ͵صɴ۾ôѵϷ˵ûУʦкˣ˶ٵһܹʩչٵϷǰ㾹ҳ̸㲻ƭʲôΪʲô
죡ҿ㣬ǲ۲۵ƭӣ
ͻȻ޳͵ضϺһ
ͻأҭֲһںڡǱղ̨һæҪǰ޳ʹǵĪСģҲҪ޳
ڴʱ
٣ٱ仨޸ҶһĻҪʲҩкϵĺ
У廢ɢ֮һĹǷۣ衭ܺãȻ඼뵽ˡ
ļһӽסˣмȵľ֮ɫӿ֡
⺮廢ɢǷۻסڸ躴磬治ǵʦȻܹ͸
ʦûи߹㣬һĻֻƬţȻһĻŨҵ֣Ĺѱʴޱȴּ˵֮£ᷢʲôţ
޳˵ĻʱֶͷϾ߳亹һ仰ȳʱɫұ䣬һ˿֮ɫ
޳ѿɫأһֵغȵΨһĽǹһĴ໯Ƿһյʱ䣡׼ȷ˵Ӧʮ֮յʱ֮ڣĹͻʹͣ
ЦԭƣڽһԨ˵㲻ƭӣ˭ƭӣ
ֵɫã޳һ³ۡһѪ˼󲽣ʧǣ
޳һԣЩֱһʦʹȥ


1041 ֵ
󵨣ں˵Щʲô
ڴʱһʼվ˳ȵ֪֪ʦʲôݣ㾹ȻʦҿֱǾϲ⣬ֱǡ
ʣ죡
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ꡰʡҲֵӣһڣû뵽ƨû׼λáּҪһɫŵæ˻ȥ
λ
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̣
򶥼ⵤʦȻһ̣
죡Լòῴ˰ɣ
֣꣬ԻסΪסңĺ̫ãѾѰܾΣҪȵһֻһְ취ǾԺƺ
¶˳˼ɫϵظԺ캮ĸ֣ϵɫԽԽ˷ܡ
ľһݣɷۣǺ࣬Ӱ˹Ǻʯ
޳ƵرһϵеĲֲϵͷϵɫԽԽϣмĤݵĹסڵصãһֶΣ⸱Ϲƾϣˡ
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޳ص漴ƮȻת㰴ⷽӸƳɵҩһһڷ죬Ȭ
˵ţҪ뿪
һ£ղ̨壬ݣ֪Լϡˡæʦʦǧ
֮Ҫվһ飬Щˤڵءɼں֮ٹϼ죬Ҫˡ
֮ǰղ̨۲ʶ̩ɽûϳʦݣʦǲĻղ̨Ըһл
ղ̨ȻһƬ棬˿ûпЦֻҪ޳ԾȵݵԸԼȥ
ʦ㣬Ҫ
һĪСæؿ޳
޳а̾ͣ˽ŲǲˣѾˣܹæĵطҲûʲôˣûӰӦò󡣡
ʱִӵ˹æʦԸΪʦɿ¯ֻʦҪ
ЩధֳƵҩĿжĴʦȻ˵һĻһᾪ°ͶҪ䡣
Ƶҩҵǲ㡣ɣưɡ
޳ֵı黹ЩԥֵҿԹۿǳʲô⣬Իʱָ㡣
⻰˵Щֶ˿κδ̶һϣر֮仹ҪϿǳ׵׵ĴΪȣ
Ҫ˵޳ڿָıҲ˵֣


1042 쵤
ǣ㿪ʼв֮ʦָ㡣
ֹصһ仰ǲҶ˵ԳƶǱ÷ǫѷ
Ǳߣ֪¹Լǲʾһ¡ղ̨屾ǰ֮Ҫʾ⣬Ϊ޳ڳһҡ
ΪʦĴأʦͽ֮䣬ǵҿţǲݵޡԣ޳Ըָ㣬Żǰϲ
޳ȫȻ֪ؼɻ䣬ǶԷȻ˾ңȻǴˡ
ˣĪСڰ׷˫֮У̺ǧ
޳صص˵ͷģƲ޴󰭡
ɷ֮ΪɷѾ壬һ鷳Ҫǲܡ
ǶԷܹӵС塱ǰĹ
ƽΪ۰Ӷûд׷޳뾲ңȻϥ£һֻƵСü֮з˳
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һüķɳٵؽ뵽춦֮Сɫףһɳ𵴵ÿռΪ֮·Ҫ۵Ρ
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ʦҿʼˡ
һöüķɳöͻȻǿҵĹâܿûһƬӰԲ֡
Ӱ֮о޴ޣֲͨֳһħ죬Ļ棬͸ϢޱȾˣһɽХ
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ҵ̫󣬲ɡħ⣬ɡǱ֣ʶ֮УȻħףγɿǰǿѹ뵽Ļ֮У¿֮С
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ָоСѧΪϿĽʦһ㣬ܲסԷһޡ
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ֵͺһֳ˾֮״޳ĵӣǼ򵥣ô򵥵ĵȴƲɹ⡣
䣬⻹޳ǰһҪһĴʦǰ
ʦܣŵҩʧˡ֮ɫܹô򵥵ĵҩʧܣоʮֽȥ
ңҩȻ򵥣С˹ǺʯȴѰʹҲôһݶѣҵҪգһݵƾ鷳ˡ
ʧܣ
޳ֳһ˿֮ɫʧˣҿŵҩƵòǺܳɹô
Ϊ޳ڱԼͨ졣
֪ܿԼˣ֮С

޳˫ֿ趯ʮָ֮䣬һٵس͡ǵ鶯ãγһööĻö֮䣬·һֻֻų
⣬ǡ
˫Ȼһޱȵ֮ɫһƬ֮Уżȵľϲ

޳Ȼһȣ֮УȻ֮ӿΪһӷɿع˵Һ֮С
ۿԭѾҪҺڶȥĵҺٿȻʼ̡ңǿʼɿۣγһŵҩģ
طţһĻĻޱ
ֺ乾һɳƵһ³
ƵĵҩҩԲδֲһ΢˳ˡֻҪԵ̻֮һӭж⡣
޳һ֣˳ƽҩȡֽһ˵ȻһΪʱı̫ˡ
˫ͨ죬촽۾޳ӾҪһ㣡
ҲϲĴ治Сӣһ
ԪΨ²ңĶ


1043 ̫ͼ¼
޳ҲǶһ£ڵı̫ˣʵǺѽûе뷨
ܿ죬ֱǿѹϵļСصʦǷʶӴˣ
޳˫üһ֡
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Ľ羴ǣԱ˵ȴֵһ֮£Ϊд˵һ·ָ²˽յĳɾ͡
޳⣬ǽﵽ֮󣬸ͨﾫ΢ܹ֪Էе١
ԣִӦԲ飬ֵΡ
޳ףʶʦ
ӳ˶Է֮޳϶˶Էʦݣˡʦĳν
޳ϣԽ촽ţӴڻô
޳ԥһ£ʦѾˡ

һͺ˫ϥһ̱ڵأʧصȥ˿һͷл˵ָ֮һֱԼʵ΢ûǵʸȴû뵽˾ȻǾʹȥ
Ҳ˵ȥںʹỬ¡
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˵ΪӵĴڣֽʱյĳɾͣ
һ֮Ըж席
㲦֮飬
òµӴ˻ڣ᳤ǰ㵹ʩֺݺݵص
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ǣ֮ǰԸȡͽΪ᳤ʩɱ֣ҪΪ᳤ƻˡ쵤
֪ķ˶ŴһҪģħӵ쵤
ǽΪԼԵʣǰǿҵִҪɱ᳤ҪΪѵĹϵŻհͽΪ޷ԭ£
᳤ΪΣ޳ʵ˵ʱͽΪѾﵽתСɡ
һȥ֪Ϊֽǵõ˺εȾ˵ǷҲΪӶ޳Լ𣬲̫ԭڡ
ܾǰ˵ת֮Ϊ
ֵĻ޳Щüת۷壬Ǽ൱ɷ۷ǿˡȻԼһصǵƲ⶯ãǶ᳤ûʮʤ㡣
᳤Ӵ˵ֶΣų켺֪׿ĵʦǱų˵ʥڣ
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ʹĵصԭȵĵʥӵ֮ʱֻһɽˡҲ֮еõָ㣬˽ʱյĳɾ͡Կʥ˽յĽзܣ
˴˴γɽҪʦţٵʥôϣؿ޳
޳ףϣҵд⣬ۼʵһҪԶѷɫ᳤Եȵᡣ
ֳĬദҲǰλ۴ʦ֪ʶҪԶԶԼĵ֪ʶҪھݡ
ǣΪ뵤鲢ƥ䣬ҪѷɫԼ
ԥһ£ֵ˵᳤δõӴ˵洫ڳת̫֮ҲǺǿԣĴǿһǰиɻ
᳤ѰٻᣬҪõһ̫ͼ¼ڣ
̫ͼ¼
޳֪޽ת֮ʵҪ̫ÿһСףҪһΪߵȵ
ó֮ʣҪһ̺ãǿ󣡶һԸߵȵԪһͼ¼֮ϣѰԵü
᳤ѻɱʱΪֻתСɣòȱңͼ¼Ϊϡ˵תǿˣǳǿߣǲӵС
̫ͼ¼
޳ʵǽ᳤õʵҪһ㣬ʱΪӱ𣬽ϼѡ
ӲδҪ޳ΪԼ𣬵޳ʼղԼµŵԣ
һż塯֧ʱԪԵõ⸱̫ͼ¼˵ʵĸߣֻһǳԼʹ֪챦Ҳ˸ȥ⡣
ֵΪ۰СŮֶ֪ΣʮΣǷֻҪ޿Խ䶾ϣܵõ̫ͼ¼
˵ܣҲ̫ͼ¼ϧǶκް취᳤ȴǽͰ񣬶Ҿ˵ɹĿĴ󣡡


1044 

޳͵͵һûж˵ʲô
ûȷʾа̾ϢȻܹ⣬޳ΪûпƷ᳤
ǣжżźӴ˵Ĺŵ˱֣Щʧ
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æӦǡʧ޳̬ȶ˿б䡣ָܵ㣬ѾԼˡſ͡½ͽ֮ϡ
Ѿ֮䣬Զ޳Ͷ̬Ҳ˵޳ղźܻ䵱ʩչ쵤ѾǲС
޳˳
ӭղ̨һĽţȴֲҵģĪС޳һ˫ͫ·˵Ƶģ
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޳ЦЦСҲ

ĪСͺס촽ǿס˼ˮ˽޳Ƣԣ֪Ȼ˵Ȼʮİա
ܿ죬ϵǰȥȡ˵ҩһݷ£һǻˮͿĨƤ档
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ܿ죬еĺɢҲǳһź֮ɫʹû֮ҲܿѾǴˡ
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ղ̨ʱȫɨȥϵĽس޳ǷлǸΣ֮ǰᣬʦ𷣣
޳ȵЦЦղ̨ﲻ˿СҲǻ֮С²ҳݡ
ղ̨ô޳ۣôرԭϣ׸ֳһƬЦ⣺ҼССҳţʦǶǻмӣЩСӣʦҪ֡
⻰˵ķм֡ſŮζˡ
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ĪСյصһۣ۴Աߵ޳ι㲻Ҫȥ򿪴ôߣ
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ڣȻڣǲһȥ
ڼܳɵפʱҲǴж˼ֺ桭


1045 
£ֹݵֲҪķ޳ĪСǰǴܵء
ʼ֮޳ȵط֣ͨܵص·ȻǴӶǿʼ
һң󷽱һɫâͨǹâᣬǺԽ˵ϥǸû
˵ӵʮ֧ǣӵкǿҲ֧ˡ
֪ʦûд󰭣ĪСҲǷϸΪ޳ܵǿֱ֧𱻼ʦ롮ʱϡӵС
޳ʵʱʲôˣ
ĪСɫе㲻ÿʱʦ˫Ϊ޼ңʦͬʱţ˴֮һֱžϵá
޳ףνһɽݶһţһŻ¡ͬʱ൱ţǷһˡ
ɷ֮Ϊӵľʦ֧ʱҲʵķ˲پĪС͵
޳а̾ԭڱѩԭʱΪǳˣⶼǱ֪ȫС׼ס
治Ķɣ֧ǣΪԼԴԴ۷ɷǿߡ
һƣõĪ
֪õĶΪ˭ռУ޳ʵѲ
ʵľȨȨĺǱλ⼶ĳռС
ĪС޳˼Ϊһ֧ǰ֪ˡ
޳ĺıʮ㣬ĪС󣬻ͨ
ͨΪԵʣлܵ޴ѹƣԲòУ첻
ңѹǸΪǿȶԽʵǿܵѹƾԽǿԣ̶γһʱ
ٿȻ
ǰȻʡ
ţǣ
޳һͨͷһƬ磬ããȻ·һƬǿУһž޴ԲϸӦҲɰ׹ܳɡ
ǣӯӯ͸¶ɫĹΡ
ǹθգеâƵιϣ޳ʱоʶһͨ͸޷֮ҡҷ
Ȼļ
У
޳صһĿнס¶һ˿Ȼ޴Բ֮оʲôԶԶظһ㣬ȻҲ֮ܲǿЧ
Ǿǿһ֧ǣĪСָԲ
ڴ֮ǰ޳ôҲû뵽ǿһ֧ǾȻԲ״
ܿ죬ĪСּ͵֧֮ЧǿΪаĴԣ
ڵĿ棬һؾ֮еõʬʬǰˡӶһٴڡ
ʦү֮ǰѡΪ֮ңƣΨвһö֮ˣʸǴܵأӶõΪҪĴС
ԭˣ
޳Ȼԭһصʡ
ԭĪѾͷкܵأ
ȻһӰ֮Уð봹أƷ·𵶿˸̬֮
һԲ̳֮Уֱһ뷢׵ߣÿжǳ˲ɣ֮ɫ·֪˶µıǨ
ЩˣȻɷ۷帽ǿߣǸһ֣ǿɷ֮֮£֮вֻܻ
ɷǿɷΪĽ֮Ǿ߽֮ںϵɷ֮
㹻ǳԼǳô۷ǿȻһǳ֮
ҹϡ
ĪСȳֵһֹضǿʩһЩǿ߶ڵĳϼĵһ㲻ᾪǡ
ƽǶ⴫ܵؽǴԵͻǳһ˿
Ҫ봫ܵء
ΪҹһؿĪСѾͷѾﵽˣ
ĪСû˵ֻͻȻֳһſŹ㣬ÿһŹϸɷ֣ȫĵ΢
һöģ
ҹϳһҲһȣǲǲ֪ǣδһ˿Խ֮߾硣
ԣȻҲ۲ޱȣֻ֮˿Խ档
֮Уܹ봫ܵأܵõ棬ǿİأ
ڵĸֽΪĪСս봫ܵضı䣡
ʱһĪСϣ޵ļҲǲɱ⣡


1046 
ǺǣĪѾͷȻˣǰܵذɡ
ҹϺЦͬʱɨһնʱõһݡ
ĪСмسҹϵͷλҹʦݹϵϽʱͬ̽չؾҲĪСܹ֮ʵǰܵصԭ
ҹϵΪһڱչسУǳͣԱɨЩĻ֮ĳϲҶ࿴
ĪС֮ǰϥ¡һâ˸𣬺ܿûΪһֻֻתӰ
գ۹һֻӰ֣Ӱ趯γһ˶ǡ
ЩӰ֣Ǳİɫȥʼ𽥳˰͸֮ɫ
ⶼ֮ԭô
޳аŶǱð͸ԡ濴֧ǲرֱԼҡ
ǣĿռ޾ǿպ嫵ζ
üһֻһĶ죬ѹȥ֮ϢȻ˾ˡ
Ԫ
һΣ鶼ǲȻʵίʵޱȣǲò
֮ô
޳֪ԼȾ绹˺ԶҲǲøԶֻǾ£
·Ϊˮϵע뵽ʶ֮Сʶ룬ǱС·ſ˴ޣཡ
ģͨתǹϢ΢ı仯ԭȵȺ嫣·𳤽һ㣬ޱߡ
ת֮ԵͰٱ䣬Ρָоһԭǰֲģһָ֮ᡣ
һͷ޳һ𡪡
з޳񷨣֮Ϊ֮
ԽԽǻֺ꣬ģͭӴ쳹޳ʶν޷һ֮
ô˿̣޳޷裬Ǳһй⣬ָ
֮ǿޱߣеĸڣ֪Ҫ뽫һй飬ҪǺεǿ
⣬Ҳ޷ǿ֮

һ޷֮仯ԭȷƥܾ͵СٿȻûȻأ·һɽ۶ɡ
һǿǲӿ̵ĳ󺣣Խǰһоݿ塣
ԭ޷ô
޳ȵϲȫõÿһë׶ſ·һ㣬ӯƺҪƮ
޷⣬ԾݻеĹȻܾµĹ
޳Ȼûдﵽ߲Σܹľ硣ǣĽ⹥ҲǼΪɲ
ƾ轣⣬޳ܶս벽ɷǿߣ
ټսɱκ٣ԭȣһξ޴ķԾ
˸޳δͣ£Ǽȶ޷һ֧δľȡԵĴԽ֮ϟn³â
ʱ׹תۼʱѹȥ
ٿȻ
޾ĪСɳģٿȻٵתջûΪһ˶ǡ
ֻǲ԰ɫĶǻһ϶¶һ˽Ż

ĪС˫ֳһ˿˵ƣϲ֮ɫеӵܶԣǿĶǲζŴУҲһִ
˿Խ֮򿪣Ϊ׸ɹĵӣĪСעҪǡ
ĪѾͷԽȥˣչأѡһһ
ҹȻͬʱɨһЩĵĳϲҵ淴
лҹϡ
ĪСмһЦ漴ʾ޳ǽȥɡ
޳ףĪС֮ǰԼʱ˵ġôָʲô
һǱ򿪣ӵдһ˹ͬĻᣡ
棬ԼõĺôޱȾˣǣЧָǺεȾˣ
Դˣ޳δȴ
ĪС룬ٿȻһ
һ£õһЩĵĳ¶ϲɫ󣬴һ֮ͨУ߳һӰ
ĸͦһͷ˳ȾĹâЩĿ
󣬸ϣǵϢȻÿ˶ǴﵽɷŽٵĲΣЩˣǵƾȻһĽɫĸԸΪġ
Ϊ׵ߣɷŽΪӣɫްֲеֻһƬƽƺϰΪ
޳ͻȻһһ˳ڣʱϣ


1047 ֮
ʱϡ
ĪСҲһ䣬ʦʱϹϵͣǶԷϾʵȨǲʩᱻë˵ǡ
ǺǣĪѾͷǲ
ʱϡʱΰסףһƬ֮ɫڴǧ꣬Ҳݺݵľ콾ΪǣǧȴΪԭǿĹܹ̳У
⻰˵ĵҲûеһɵĹжʧҲζûĿʼ
бؿǶǴ򿪵ͨʱΰ֪ٴΣϷζҪȡ⴫ܵأû뵽ĪѾͷϷʵˣ
Ȼ֣صسĪСֵҪл㣬ܵأôζſԵõҪĴСʱգűؽʱؽػ۷壡
ĪСüһʱΰ׵̬ȿЩ⡣
С棬ȥĪѾͷһɡʱΰ׳һ
˫ü·𵶷һ㣬ģʱΰ߰˷ơݣʱΰ׵ĵ׶ӣ귽ʮˣɷٵΪҲݰš
ʱ溬Ц߳ĪСֵСãΪ־лˡ
ĪС͵һʱΰڴʲôˣȻҪԼӴ˳糵Լһջ񴫳У
ţС棬ǸöлĪѾͷպĪѾͷ˫еǻ򽻵Ҳּ̫ˡ
ʱ˰ֵڣǾͽȥɡ
ţ
ĪС⸱Ӧ̬࣬ȵʱϣνѾˣˡ񣬲ٴˡ
ţ
ʱΰ֮кâһըˣ֪ʲôˣ
תһɰ嫵ѹɽѹʱõĪСЩѡ
̲סһɫЩ԰ףҲǾţǱ˴Ϊ̫ʱΰǰҲЩܵ
ǣȻִֵصˡ
Сӣ
ʱΰ׽ɨһۣǲȤתȻڵӣʲôʸ봫ܵأ
ĪС⣬ʱΰѾüõصͶˣҪ˵ˡ
һƥ֣õĪСһֶ²ʱΰ׷ҪƾԵΪƣǿбĪСӦ
ʱΰף⻰δ̫Ե˰ɡ
ҹ˵ˣɫһչأȻСѾͷ򿪵ĴУôѡʲôһ룬ɣֲָֻš
ɣ
ʱΰײõصҹԶôܵز㶼ЩʲôȻǷǲֵĻ˵óʲôɣŴǰûи˵ɣ
ֻҪΪźãٴӦáĪѾͷСѵһ䣬ף
⻰˵ļΪ̱Ͳ˵ҹһ˹ϣ
ҹԶûֱ̲סŭһʱΰףôǾƲͬ
㲻ͬ⣿
ʱΰױһЦǹһ˿Ȼȣҹգ㵱Լܵʮ꣬ʸԿˣǰʮ֮£һ³˰ɣ
ҲֻοҹԶ
һʱΰףǾ㿴ʮĳɹ
أ
ҹԶһٿȻһĺɫ󵶣ۣŽٸСȵСס
ȡһɷ֮пӿһˮ˵֮Сǵע˲һƵĹâֶزڿա
дϡΣ
ĺ֮էֻ֣֮һҷز漴һɳǰʮʼںϣγһֻʨģ
ʨǿóԽ˼޵ӿڿգצʱΰף
һԾǿΪ߶еİ벽һ֮£Ǵǿ󡣸Ҫǣγһѹƣ˵˼άҪ뽩͡
ҹԶ⼸ʮʵС
ʱΰɵصӭͷʨϧϷǰǡһ
䣡
ͻȻһָָʼԵκ֡ǣ漴һƬǿվǳӰ֣õ·վ档
ָâɿգЮ޾ǹΣسɫʨ䣡
ǳ
ҹԶȻɫɫʨӱָâһܿ죬ǱشУȻһ飡
ۡҹԶһ
¹Ŷʱɢʸɶء
һУ
ɷ۷ǿߣܣ


1048 
һĻ޳͵һ
ͨǳϿʱǳһ˿ǳʵ̫΢ȻõñøΪӦǶʵǺܴ
ԣ޳Ҳǲ⡣
ڣʱΰ׳֣ܵǿ֮
νǳǾΪǳǼһ絮ĳΡ
һ֮ѹ£ʣ˭˿Եֵ
ȣȡ
ҹԶ˼Ѫҵʮǰʱΰ׽֣һֻʮоͱܡ
ԭΪô꾫ޣʹʱΰףǲҲСȴûϵǲ෴øˣ
һ֮£Ķȫ̴ݻ١Ϊʱΰ׼ȻѾǳĻֻҪһʱ䣬벽ǳ֮
Ǳζţ˫ĲԽԽ󣬴޷ֲĳ̶ȣ
ҹԶ㻹ҪҪԣջָʱΰ׺Ц
ҹԶرԴ֪мʹǿ֮ԺҲֻġһؽǲݵľ档
˫Ͼͬţû˻˵ǣҪֵǵȳ̶ȣû˻ͬ
ȻˣС桪ʱΰ˵ٿȻɫһתһ࣡
֮УӰ˹ȵһ̫һϽɫͷȣȱĵ·һת֮䣬γһɽˮ·
ǹÿһε㶯棬һȦ״ԶԶػתһˮƽ浴ȥ
ңزͬǳת
ʦ㣡
ҹԶ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ⻪𱲷֣ǶҪߣʱ
ڶʵȨϣʱΰǿĵһ˾ô꣬ҲΪл֧֣ѹסʱΰһͷ
Ҳ¬ѵʦ֮˹ϵԣ¬һֱ۰мӡ
š
˵ͷɨڳˣĮȻ˳ô飿֮ͬ䣬ʲô˵ģҪ
ҹԶæԵɵȻʱϵȻǶִ˽⡣
ǣȴǲ١
ʦ㡣
ʱΰ˵ˣһƬݣڵԴȻӦȱ֤Լҵӡ˵ǲ
֪أֻҪû취֡ʹ飬ҲκβԼ
ûᣬǾֱתĪССѾͷҲղȥ̽ˣʦɺã
ʦһжáĪСصΪϵ׽ҲûܵǰŮ㣬Ҳһֱԡʦơ
ݵƣҲֻ˳һʣûĪСĻشϡ
ݵ䣬ǱȻˡ
Ǿͺá
ףһҪ㡭Ҳ֪¬һֱ㰮ĽмӣҲˣҿǲھͽԼ°ɣ㿴ô
ĪСͳһȻǰй˼ʱԸ⣬ֶ۰ޱȣ˳˼
ԣҲûᡣ
ȴû뵽ʱ̣Ǿᣡ
ʦӡĪС֪ν֮ؾҹ˺ñ˴˵档
ȶ˶أСҪǴӦ׮£ԺȻһˣҲѶһܵءȻʵãǱǽ룬ǣ
⻰Ѿ˵ķǳˣֻҪĪСͷͿ԰ܵء
ΪʱΰȻܣҪ˵֮սУסչ⾰Ǻѡ
ʱΰҲ뵽һ㣬һֱ򶨵Ҳǲ¶һĨɫ
ĪСƵţһڣʱΰ׵ѹҪСΪ֪Ǿܾ˻´ӽԼһʧһλѡ
ǣǹǸȻʦһȥǶŮ˽飬ֻܹʦˡ
û뵽ԼѾ˵̶ֳȣĪСǲԸӦ
¬ѪԵϵϣκ˶ǾԼҺãڻУ¬ȻҲꡣ
ԣĪСľܾĸоڱ˵¬Ѳãɫʱһ
ںӹȻúܣȻˣҲͲ˵ʲôˡ˵Ȼվ˺󷽣ǲ׼ˡ
ʦ㣡ҹԶ
ʱΰصͷĪССѾͷҲûʲôָˣ͸Сһɡ
ĪСɫأҲĸ֮һֱҪ봫УӵжݵĻᡣԣ봫ܵؿĻᡣ
ѾͷӿųģӲƽϡҪǸı⣬ü
̾˿


1049 ū۷ǿ

ĪС˿ɫָһƬ峺ҡͷлʦ⡣
ɫȥû뵽ĪС˲ʶ̧٣
ӱ;飬һ̾жĪСж̣Ժ˴˵ĹϵʹǶҲԲа֡
ǺǣСѾͷôǽϷĽˣȻˡ
ʱΰ׵Ļû˵ֱ꣬ӱĪСϣʱϣҿˣС֪ʵ΢ʹ˴УҲ޷˳̳ʦүľѧԣСν˷ܵؾͲȥˡʱȤĻʱԼȥ
ʱΰ׵ɫʱúѿÿ£
ܵÿֻܱһΣ֮ʹĪСٻһöģ޷롣
ÿν룬ɿߴˣܽȥ
ĪСԸʱ棬ȫûа취õС
СѾͷȷҪô𣿡ʱΰ𺡣
ĪСǿذԴˡСʱϵ˼
ؿĪСΣգʱΰصصͷȻΪ϶ĵӣƢһģһ⴫УǽҲýұ
ĪСûڲ˫֮иֳһ˿Ѫâ֪ʱҪôҽȥ
ȥܵأİסУԣʹӲƣֻҪԸʩչҲá
ǡ
ҡͷһЦʱΰȻᰡΪƾʲôͷôã
ٿȻ߳һ׷ԲԵߣĪСһϺȣ찴ʱϵķԸȥܵأ
ĪС뷴߳ٿȻйâ·һյգؾס
¡
ĪСֻʶһը·һɽ֮䣬ƥǿ£ʱõԴΪ֮һΣǰɫâըؾסġ
һӣеעǱѤõĹâ֣˼ά˲ֹͣתɥʧ˶ĿȨ

޳һѹʱΰԭӵоûǿߣǿ߻֮£һĪСƣȻ½ˡ
ৣ
ӰһΣ޳һ˲ǧʩչ˲ưĪСǰ
Сӣ
׷һһЦϷҪ̬
¡
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ǿߣһֱܵ˿⣬߶ӿǰȫӿ޳ʶ
Сӣҹ£ϷͷŹϷЬ
޳ʶ֮гߵ󣬻ӰӴޱߣǽʶȫ⡣һȣ쳹ķ
ˣ
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СҲŹ⻪
׷ЦᵯָһŹɳ뽫޳Ĺɷ顣
ǣӽ֮Ƿɢһѹһ㽫ǵʱᡣ
漴ƻìȥ
ߣСӵмֶΣ׷΢΢Ծ׻һߣǹӿǿ˺ֹʮ

ƻìΪ飬漴ߵӰǣһʱ侹Щͨ쳹֮УֽŶ׳ú֮
£Ϸ£
׷߻ŭĿգһȫǸһΰ
һ߳£ĽⱩǣ޳ʶȫ֣
ۿţǲʹ䣬ȫ𣬵ǡ
Сүã
޳ȣʶ֮ٿȻһӰƿնͨף֮ꪺεĲɨ
ʲô
׷͵һǵɨһɽ̮ǰ𵴵նҪΪ֮˺Ѷȫ䡣
С̫ˣ
׷־ŭ˴˿ȻǰԻԶԶԼ
װһʵģһյԼԴפ⾹Ȼǡ
ūԼ꣡
ΪȻūɷ۷ǿߣĵֱ׳ýĿ࣡
ɷ֣֮ǰȫ΢ǻһ޷֮
Ϸʶɱ
׷֪Ӱһ٣ʹɳ޳ʶ
޳˫ȻһҹӰҲǿͣûһɽ³㣬ߵ𣿡
ǳҹ
ããʶ֮УһƬ̫Ȼ֣ҹǰ͵һӣһƥĲǱӭ˰׷ߣ


1050 ʱΰ׵ŭ
ѹϷ򣡣
׷ŭ𣺡Σ
ıʶ֮вϧһ˸УֻӰأƺڴ߶ȫҪ޳ūۡ
ʹʱΰףҲΪ޳츳ȽԿưˣȫ벻꾹Ȼ˿Ը׼۷ɷǿߣ
򣡡
ҹ֮£ƾ蹥Ѿܹѹɷǿߡ׷ȻΪǿ󣬵ǵۻǶ⣬רſƻҹ
䣡
һǹʩҹǰγһεĳֱֱײ˰׷ߡ
̫ȫ߶֮£޳Ѿǿĳ̶ȣһǳ֮£ʮع糤һ㣬ײȥ
أ
ߵӰײó˼ȵĲȶ״ڣڶʮײ֮ҲܲȻһѳΪ顣

֮£Щγһöľƾ塣öܿ챻ҹ£գ֮䣬ϢٶȿʼǣʯѴﵽƥ۷ĳ̶ȣ
Ҳ˵ڵҹһʩɱΪǿߡ
þ
޳΢û뵽ߵı걻֮󣬾ȻǻγһöþöþǽӴƷߣĲЧҲǼǿ
׷߱걻˶ݵĽ͡
ˣ
ۿľţ޳һը֣
ɲʱʶ֮зӰһ̤ٵͨصף뵽˰׷ڣ
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İ׷ǳغһɫЩѿ
˿ղŵľӦ޳һ·磬ҲĻơ
ҲϾֵİ׷߿ɷ۷ǿߣ˭Ҳû޳ֽܷ췽ҹ̷ίʵ̫ˡ
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ʱΰüͷ壬ԴЩ͵ص
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һĳ·ʵʣʣճþˣƴȫķ˼κѶߵĻᣬеķǶ
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ĪСѹһĻʱʧɫ
ʱΰѾ˺ǿǳʵҲѾﵽ˰벽ǳǿߡ֮ڣʵҲѷɫһλġ桱
ʹݣʵҲڲټˡղһ֣ɷ۷ҹԶشο޳
أأ
ХӰ죬ӰҪ޳ǡ
ͻȻ
ݣ
һ΢Ѵ𣡴ʱΰһâֱĺġ
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λʱΰ۷ǿߴһΪڳʱΰ׳ֵľȻǰ׷ߡԷ
Ǽˣÿ˶ʱΰżΪ׺Ĺϵÿһ֮нʱյĳɾͣʱΰܲɷ֡
˵ӣʵϵ൱ū͡ͽܣֵܣ
ΪˣԷ֣𾪣
ԣ
ʱΰ׶ȫǺһ£ֲִ֮͵һתĶǳγһס
飡
񺷵Ĺٽֻ׵òݡգԡһʱΰ׵屻÷ɳȥʮɣ

ʣµ۷ӴŭۿĿһʱΰױˣҳֵĻԼֵܡ
ֱѵķŭϯȫǺŭ񣬵ҪֽԷɱ
ţ
һֹֻʱΰ׶סΣԷģһ˿֮ɫ˫֮¶
ղŲۿŷְ׷е֮ǰȫͬң¶Ϣԭ죡
㣬ʲô
ʱΰ͵ת׺ݵض޳
ҲûʲôһЩСֶΣưˡ޳赭дصҲ΢΢ЩԾû뵽ôʱΰ׾Ϳйؼ
⣡ʱΰÿһֶǴ֮бų
޳һЦ˿Ϊ˳ǴӴ֮ܵгȻ⿪
㻹ˣŪ
ʱΰ׷ŭر𣺡㵱Ϸ֪Ҳ֪õĺֶΣԷѾǳ׵رٵˣ㾹Ȼʩչ˵ȶ񶾵ֶΣȻɱһٱ鶼Ϊ
һΣŭǳȫ߶һָ޳һе֮ǰҹԶʱҪǿ
Էѱ۷ǿ߿ƣٶȳС
޳Ǳ֣֮


1051 벽ǳԺ
ǵָâն·ǽնиȻȫ˹
һ̺һĳΣ֮Ҫ˵޳¾κ۷徳ɷǿߣҲǱһ뼴ĩò

޳һ˫֮ĹâһԿǰǿɱʹҲûжֶΡ
ԣָԪ֮ٻյĵơ
ʱΰףôҲһ뢣ڴȨ˶֣㲻ô
ͻȻһ
ʱΰɫ͵һ䣬ޱصɫ֣ûκεԥָһתǵָâת
ǧǵ㽫ָ
УǵָâٿȻըǹâʱ俪âգÿһŶǱǿҵʱûһλλ׵Ľʿ
Щʿÿһ˶߹ɣǸһڰգȻһȺ콫γһǿѹУһռ׵С
һָǧ
㽫̨ϣף
ǧǵ㽫ָڣʩչһ֮󣬱ζŹΧڵһǲò׳Ƴûа⡣
ƥɱ
ӭȺǽʿһʺ漴ֻ֮гһԼͼΪ׾ȫһشҰпһľ̶ɡ
֣ƽﰲؼũ߽ΣòþͷһܼªͳͳС
׽Ȼƥɱ֮
һ̺֮ƥϮɱ̣ǱȽҪʤһ
أ
·ײԪ磬һƵǵεĳȻӹⷽء

޳̲סȻɫʩչĪСǰ
ۡȻ˺֮Сиһ㣬ֻ޳ܿ˵һӡ
ǣĪСȴǺδˣ
һĻĪСһ֮ת
⣬ǰ벽ǳǿô
޳¶һ˿֮ɫ״μǿȫ֣ǵû˿Ϊ
һǽֹ󣬷ԲﾡΪգռ䲨ڲϵزЩƥռĲƣÿһ˺ɷǿߵ
֮ѷһ𣬿֪ǵɱǺεȿɲ
ƺХӰػһܲգõһռ䶼Եɲ壬ô
ǣһƬ֮УӰȴǵնƾǿռѷô񺷣޷Ƿֺ
һͷ˿ͦΣȻжʱΰף
΢΢𣬼ξȻ֮ɫ¶϶Ǵ󰡡
˵ݣ
õ˵ҩ֮ǾľޣһʵѾǸԭòࡣ
˴˱˴ˣʱΰ׶ƤŲô˼ȥظ
˫ԹתĨǵظһЩԿ׶ûбҪԣݵʮӲ
ʱΰ׵Щɲõ鱨Ǿ˸ûаԱΡ
ҲŵشǰǴҹԶӲбĪС봫У
Ϊ˼ɣԲš
ǣΪ֮ںö˶˵վԼǰҿȥɫϢȻûа
ǿѹеľ⣬صҵǲ֪ԭͷҾȻءȻˣıͽܣܵصʸóһΣ
ǣͽͽĴ㣬ȻСԼȡĺôӦȻȥʦҪǷͽ֣ǿе̫޳ˡ
ִƴȨ꣬ΪȻҲǰ֮һ仰˵ԼʵȴǰʱΰףԷ˸Ѫͷ
ϧͽҪڵĺôһˣȳҪͷܣȥҪ˵ڵĳǸ޷޹֮ʱΰԴҲΪϬ
ݰе۾֮һ˿է֣Ҳǽ֮ĮʱΰףʲôҺңǸʲôƢҲ֪ȻˣǾͲ̽ˣֵ¼°ɣ
˵컨׹ʹǽԷѹһͷǶǾκζջҪֵµıԣ
⣡
ʱΰҲǱ䣬һǳϢϸֶͷ
⣬ʵȨѵһĶԺ䣬ٶչ
ʱһֱĻѩ˫üһ׹ض˶أ


1052 

һȣ֮ͻȻֳһɫĳīܣȥһ֮֬УһϸѪֱӴӽ£һ˿ڡ
ĿǰʱһͷצޣްŸ߸ߵĲͷϵĶƺԴ͸񷣬Ҳһ
϶ƴôȻˣǾԹˡ
ʱΰһӣһɫ̷ɳ̱һһֻǽƵĹ
һع˴˵ӣԼԼ֮УճһۺɫĻþʱ˵񶼸ȥ

޳һû뵽ʱΰ׾ȻҲûӣԻƿس̶ȣ֮ǰİ׷߻ҪԶԶʤ˲ֹһ
ģֻҪʦƸԭʱΰ׾;ԲǶ֡
ĪСģʦΪ൱ʦõгеġ᪻ƽﵽ߼벽Ҫʱΰ׵ġһǧ̡ԣ֣ʱΰײʦ֡
޳ԶЩҲ֪벽Ҫ벻ϵƾǳ㹻ڼ仹ҪһЩ
ļ֮ÿǰһβҪǳҪ޵ľǣֻǿߵľǽй䡣
һЩҪĳЩѾǿɱҩᣡ
еĽܹﵽ߼֮ߣôһȫ߶ʵļӳýǷǳԡ˫Ϊ൱֮£Բ
䣡
һɷ֮ᣬ֮жʱǳ˿ռĺɫâ£Хʱΰס
һǧ޽
ʱΰ׶ϺȣٿȻ֮䣬ܳһƬããառһȥޱ߼ʣ·ǰ棬޾֮С
޳վ֮䣬ûκεĶȴȻһ׽ĸо
ƺվڷ֮䣬ԵٶȣشԽ֮䣬ܣǳؾռ䣬˿һ۶ҪܵѪ
磡
޳͵һѾﵽˡĳǧ䡱ȫ߶Աƽһ˲ǧٶȡ
ǣʱΰױȽȻѷɫ˼ࡣʱΰ׵ΪѾǴﵽ֮
ס޳ؼסָоԪȵ
޳΢΢ףһ˲˲ʱΰף˿Լĳεؼǽ˹棡
ѾǾ޵һƿûǰ㲦ԼͬäҹУ
ԣʱΰ״˿̵Ϊ൱ڸһյ·ƣ
޽ҲҪһնı߽
ݴ뷢ٿȻţͷһģһبϡ
Ĳӿ֣׷׳󣬷ĲһӴޱߵӰ
ӰϣݳХһó֮ΣȻһž׵
ԣ
ʱΰ׶ϺȣõϢǣһȻǧɿ⣬ֱǰ
ããռճóһ׶εĹ
ԣ
屩ȻЮƥĿռ֮һǴǧ̺ݡ
ǧ䡰ղ
һͬȫ߶Լһǳɷ֮յ֮С
һкѾܵȫ
˫֮䣬Ա˴˵սʽѾǴﵽָƵĳ̶ȣȴֱ̽ӶǿɱУҪһзֳʤ

䣬ǡն̣һǴըÿһըڿգ漴ȼȵĻ
ÿһεĻըʵ˫ĳײǼҵ˼µԺ֮£Ա˴˶˼Ϊصĳ
ʹʱΰ׵ʵԳܣ֮ϲ˿˿Ѫ
ڣεĽ֮£ʱΰ׵һ˿Ϊ΢б
һ˿쳣Ѱи㲻ʲôǣֶݿɾֵúúץסʤ
ҡܰɣ
йâǣ᪻ƽѪ߸նŨҩ˱Ƕ棬ʱΰƺѾ޷ֻԲִ֮ӭһ
ʱ
¡һըڱңңšǣһ˲ǵѾߣ
أ
͵ػתݺݵ󹥻Ժһ춯صݺݵһ羢˳ȥ
棬ʱΰǰ֮ƶʱ̱˳ȥ϶ô
ǰлһصغݵķֱ䣬˳ȥ


1053 ʱΰ׵Ұ
ȡ
Ҳһ뢣սӵ˽յĵλԣȻͻȻΣҡ
վΣ֮ʱǲ͵һ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫʦ㣡
֮Уһֳ׹ȣȰȻǽ͵Ϯ֮ûаΣǳһֱ׳֮ţǡ
̫ʧˡ
ݣ˶ȣ֪̾Է֮᲻ܽ⿪֮ʱȻţԸʹɱ֣ѶϵӣҪ˵ֻ߼벽ˣӵĵкã
ݣʱΰף˽⡣ԣһ۱ǿղݿƳңʵʽʽ֮иûаɱ⣡
ֻ֮ҪʱΰףûȡԷ
ʱΰȻ±ӣǺôҲҵͬţôܶɱ֣ݻǲףΪλȻѡԼ֡
޴
ŭ߳һ㺮˪ʲôͬţ˳ֻ߲Ҫǵǰ֮ˣҪݺݵش򵹣ǿ֮һζع˼˼ǣʹٺõĵǶᣬҪ˷ѣߣѶ֮Ĵڣǰϰ
Ǳʱΰ׵һЦʦ㣬˵ЩʹǸһۣҲǸı䲻˱ϵĶڵǲֻҪлʦİҾͿԳ׵һͳڣȻսݣؽ´۷壬ҫݣ
ʱҿŵ㻪ʦ㽫ҹȨƣ
صͷݳʱѰʱΰף˫ܿЭ顣
ԣʱΰթʵãӶݵ֣֮
һ죬;ô
ݾŭӣû뵽оȻҰġǵóѵĻڱؽһƬȷѪ֮Уպ󲻽򲻵ðҲпܱŭǿ
ϧܿûһˡ
ʱΰǳһ˿Цһʵ֮Ϣкܿ콫ݸ
һߣйȣϽɫңңָݣһƺʱҪ˶ɡ
Ϊ֣Ҫݵô
ŭȣһâ˸ŨҵâȫȼյĻ棬ҫ۾ҪΪ֮
ȼշʦܣǺοࡣ
̾Ϣɷǿ߶ԣԼǸһΪҪؾǡǳ
ΪǳǵΪʼձ۷壬޷ٽһ
ܹһӵ˽յΪ֪Ľ˶۷ǿߡȴѡ˽֮ȼգЩڰеǿб޾ϧ̬֮
ǻɢҲҪǵҰģһ׹Ԩ
鱯Ȼɱ֧пһǧɡǶ˲׹ߵȡ
ǣڵĴȴϾ
ԣ¶˾ģȵߣҲء
ٿȻһ֮ɫпӿ
ʱΰ뻪ǿߣͻȻͬʱеһſźɫԲԲͿգܿûΪӰҺ
ҺٵؽϣܿγһӴޱߵķ󡣷ڰգһ񷶥һ׵֡
һ͵˼ѹ䣬ֻǳٿȻֹͣȼգǱǧ꼫֣˲䱻һе
ʦ㣬ˣʱΰ״ȡ
˵ͷ֮еϰգٵŴХûΪһɫ⣬ٵصڷ֮С
ʱֻӣݱѹ棬Զ
ݣ˿ܲԸڳưݡǣ֪Ϊսķǰ䣬ָθ룿
ЦУʱΰйâʢǶһУת֮ƺܹ˵ȫɽȥ

ʱΰ׺ȻҪݱƵƬ̣ǿĻƣպһʹ
ʦ𣡡ĪСȣ˳ȥ
˽ݵƢԡıƣǶʦȫĽ֡
ǳѾͷҵס¬ȣϸֳ̰ɫ
һǿָ֣߳һǽĪС¡
˿̣ǰҹԶΪ׵ĳϣһҲսһţûκ˿ڳݡ
ɣ
Уʱΰػ£һεĲ˿ȥۿžҪݸ֡
ʱ
ৣ
һӰȻǰ˫Ŀͬһľⱬ


1054 ޳ǿƣ
ݣ
֮УһĲƿնż᲻ɴݵϢһеĴ֮
ߣ
ʱΰ׷һƺߣоüоǱһиϣ˺Ƶʹдõ嶼Լ
Ծ̧ͷüǵӰ֮ǰһ۽ĺţеԻջء

ʱˣΪ֮ǰԷᱻƣԭԷĻʽ
ѰǿߣʹԻżΪĸ򣬶ҲʩչĻþΪˡ
ǰϢ鶯˿˿ȻϢ˵ĸо
ϵͻΧϺ󣡡
޳İ˹һǰΣҪٷ̣Ѿǲˡ
սʱΰײಮ١ټһѷɫԼһߵĻ֣ԼͲǶ֡
ʹԼϧȼǳն˵ˣ
Ϊ֮ƣֻʱ뿪ڣպлֻع
ߣôף
ʱΰײһ׾ٵسĪС࣬һѳץȥͷҪԷΪҿһ
ƿĪС֮ϣݡ
Ϊûа㲻ݣг
ֻв۹⣬ϧʩչһбֶ֮пܻյĳɹ
ʱΰף㲻Լ̫޳𣡣
ݱŭ뷢ţԭݵͻѪӣ
ߣʲô޳ܣֻҪͳڣΪ֮Ȼҵͽ쳹ķ˭ǵý֮£˭ָ˵޳ܣ
ʱΰ׺֮ģЦݣ֪ԼΪռǰƣ޷ѹ𣿾Ļݣ
ݼŭñ
ʱΰףͽ̵ǣκִжìܣǶʼͬţ
ҹԶŭ𣺡ǿԾǱȶǣǾܵƣΪͬţ
ЩĶ𣡣㣬ʦ㣬Ҳ𣿡
ŭ߳ÿֶ·Ѫ˽ľʹ֮⡣ȻҲʱΰûаøУҲδҪԷء
죬ʱΰ׵ΪֻҪ˳ȥպڷüΪ
ʦֵ֮䣬ް̬֮˴֮䣬ҲҲԵľֻþһвֶεĻ๥
ô
ƺʱɫסһƺЩɵη֮ɫ
һĵӣĪСţ֪ڴһ桱
λμӹħɵĽɱΪǸߴǳǴ˵ħӡʥҲ޼
ϧһ춯صս֮£ˣҲԳսڽ̵ʱΰ֮󣬸ֱӱչأ
ʱΰͬɫһܿЦǸϹѲ֪٣Ƿ䶼δ֪˵Щƨ̵õĻԼҲôңǳǿ߾Ȼ䵽伣ĳ̶ȣ
ʱΰףڵ
ƽΪصľλ棬Լʦʱʧ츳ڣ£ʧˣнյĳɾ͡
ʱΰ׵ľ࣬ȴ˵ĻʱԽܣ
ߣҽ鹷󣬵ʱ֪˭ڣ˭ش־
ʱΰЦָ΢΢սݣҲϻھԷΪƾ䣬ͽҿ˸֤ȡ
ȻûܿݣҲǲֽţ֦ڣֱӷϵв£
˸ָ߹ĶҲУ
ĪС˵ˣһĿ峺ޱȣмؿݣʦ˵ĳŵͲֵţһհ죬պҲµ󻼡
ʱΰɫһ䣺СѾͷ
׼ŭ£ҪĪСɷ飡
ĪСϺη֮ɫֻ޳ͻȻһźΣǸһӦҰ첻ˣҪ±ӵĻһ㻹ϡ
ʱʱΰһȻƽ
ͻȻһ𣺡˭˵Ҫ±ӣң޳
䣡
ӰͻȻӵӿ𣬺Хһȭʱΰ׵ǣƥǿЮŴ̶ĺХȻ¡
С
ʱΰһЦ˿Ϊ⡣
ӰĹҲɷĽңԸǵָĴڡ
һǵָʱΰ׽֮˷顣֣ٿȻǵЦһϸֳһĨ
һĨδеļȾ


1055 ޳Ĺթ
Ӱ
һʯͻȻ޳ǰ֣ʯ˿ͨǰ壬ԲһϢǳ鶯ʡ
һ֣һӱٿȻſ
ɲʱһǰǿѹңңǹѹֱ飬ʱΰײһֿ־壡һֽܵĿ־壡
һֶγԽԼ飬ڵη壡
⣬ǡ
ʱΰ嶸ȻӲޱȵĺȻ֮ɫӿӣסĪСҲץȥѪҺ·𱻶Ƶģκһ˿
ԱߵĻͬˣʹϢҪĿ꣬ǽǹϢȻõƤս־˵
˭
ʯʲôЩϢȻܹõ벽ǳǿƣ
Сӣʯ񣬷ҾҪ
ʱΰ׿شȣ˻ߵıβɫ
޳˿ᣬʯֵɲʱѽ˫ĿϸۿԷһüëڲϲƤڶϸܵĺӶͷ߳
ƺڳž޴ѹ
˼£ٿȻʯ˫һݺݵһȭʱΰף
һȭȥûκε֮ȴǸһֺķ˼ĸо
һȭһ磡
ȭͷʼ󣬵ÿɳһɣһ֡ǧɵľɹѾ͵һӴ
¡
һȭȻ䣬еϢɲʱУ
ڣʱΰ׸ȫһɣִ֮ǿ˻һдǧ̻˳ȥ
أ
Ƶէ˫Ӱڰ֮һ١һɰޱߵķ֮ݡһʱΰڴĹ֮˳ȥ
˻
֪ٵ˭û뵽ǿûʲôʯһ־ʯ쾪
Ȼһȭҷһ벽ǳǿߣ

ǽĻǸǿ˺εȳ̶ȵĽ
ǰǱϾӵ֮ͬ꣬Щò֣֪ǰδǣ
޳˫סָĲ
֮вȻ֮ɫһʲô˵ͷϾദһȻдҰģôˣǴϸԵ߰ɡ
ҹԶ̲סͷϲϷңҪĴŹǣǷǵܸм㣬պһлᱨ
ֿ޳λСǧҪͷġҰ֮㲻ɱҲҪϳǵΪ
޳ѽһһһͷҪǿԵĻСүѵ֪նݳĵô
ɱϣȻ֪ʱΰ˵飬лȻǲܷŹǣؼûлɱ˵ʵ
ʥȻǿƥͨǳǿһս
ǣ޳ҪķѾ޴ѹܹղž춯صһѾǼˡ
ѾʮֵڿʥǿûߣҪʱΰ׵ٶͣһ̣Ҫ¶ˡ
ҹϲضԣǰȻҪȫ֮ͬ꣬Ҿûвͬĵ
޳ϣһˣ
ҹԶһġظţҪʵãҪǿסˣƵǸı⣡
裬֮䣬ǲ¶һ˿֮ɫ̧˽Ų
Ȼʵǿ󣬵ǱϲͶԣŻȸݣͷתʱΰס
ԣԶǰȫһȨڶͬ˵ǾǴҪòٴҪĶˡ
֣ۿͬǰļǿ߾Ҫɢ
ͻȻ

һЦֻʱΰɫâ˸ܿϢ±ó
ЦЦûаЦ⣬еֻ޾⣡Цһֹض޳С˼ϷЩɱˣ
޳һ
㲻ҪǽôԣϷҲҪֻ̧֣ҪɱϷôһж⣡
ʱΰ޿֣Ц
Ҳ˶ߣΪֻҪ侲ʥϢЩŹ֣ƺܿƣ
һ뵽ԼղŲ㱻޳Żסŭ͵𣺡Сɣ
ھ죬ȻûһƬӰص޳

޳û뵽ԼļıȻ֮ͱʶƣ侪ңһСɣ
һ˶ӰзɳֺСɺܿǰִβͿٵɨ


1056 ƴ
¡¡
·쳹ֻѹͷķƿʼҲſ紵˿߰㼱ٵض
գǻζ֮ƴﵽΪ۷֮ʣ֮𣬷ƶѶȥ
ٵض֮£漴ֱ⡣
ʲô
ʱΰٶȳһǵݵķ󣬼ʹԳ֣ǲҪ׵ؽ֮Ρ
ǣֻͻȻСȥȫǼһޣβһɨǽǿķ˺ѳΪ飡
ʱΰףϷһ
˽ƣоⱩǣһ᪻ƽҩûصĻӰʱΰ׵üġ
һʩ
˿ƣεҺΣ
ʱΰ׳ŪһЦ䣬ϢͻȻٶȿʼǣ
ӿ֣ŨŨĺ֮£õȫ类һȥЩ֮С
ң仯һӿֳһɺҰϢǵϢ֮£˵ĸо˲ħе磬Ƿħһпܱħͷ˺ɷ顣
ħ
޳شһ
ʱΰ״˿̵ģΪϤ೤ʩչħʱһģһ뵽ʱΰ׵Уʱˣʹߣ
ʹߣʲôܹջħ
ʹߣ˭ֻԷսӵ˳Ѱ飿
ʱΰףԭͶħɣ
ҲǴ󾪣û뵽ʱΰԭôһݣ
¾ѡʱΰ׽˵Ļ˿̶ǲ¶һĨԥ֮ɫ
Ͼħɵʵ̫ӣ˵๫СǽˣǻǷ⡣
Լݱ޳ʶƣʱΰ׸һ䣬ȵĺɫ֣СŻҴ£վ㲻ã
޳ĪСͱƣҲ˳봫У
޳ʹݿԼʱϵҲֻñ꣬Ϊܵ³
˵֮ԱƵ˳̶ȣڸñ¶ݵĽȫǰ޳ͣ
һ̣ж޳ĺ⣬ҪԽݣɱܺ졣
һָ񷣡
ңңģʱΰһָ޳һָռ֮гһѵ·ʵʵĵǱǿУЩܲסļ
ɰ벽ǳǿȫֵһǶԷ߶˻ħ޳ʵǿʮҲֻܱһĩ
ƴ߳һʱΰףǻϷô
᪻ƽһɲƥǿӿֺĽâһ֮Ȼ䣬նȥ
ߣ۵
ʱΰ׻ħ֮һϢ䣬ŨҵѪбӿָâзɳܿ᪻ƽԺһ
һ춯صֻá䡱ʱΰͬʱ˳ȥ
ʱΰȻʵ˰벽ǳ֮󣬱ʵѾǼΪ嫣һСԾս֡
ԣȻռϷ磬Ҫ˵ӵѹƣҲǲܡ
һվʱΰ״ȵʦ㣬㻹֣
ԴӼʱΰ׻ħһֱЩԥδֳħҲԸݡ
ʦ㣡ѾмħɣһϢǴȥؽΪĹУ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ʱΰ׵ս൱κһɱ˴ʵʧ⣡ԣݲòĵȰ˵֮ǰ֣ҶԼֻ̣ҪޣҿԱ֤ʦڵĵλ䣡
ʱΰһ֣߳һߴܿܣΪħΪˣѵʦ㵽ڻǿ͸ӵħɵֻ֧֣ҪЭôڳư˳֮£
ģħɵĸּ󣬾ֻҪЯֽռǾռʤʵ
ɫãġԥɡɫճ¡ɫһǺãұ켺պбճŵҾĲ㣡
ôԣżΪʹ֮ɫ
ǣѾûʱ˻ˣ벽ǳǿߵĹϯ
أأ
ǶԺݵ͵ؼܣúȻˣ˳ȥ
ɱ
ʱΰɫӿֱ֣ˡҪѵ˿ͣ٣һǴǧ̱Ǻնȥ
е׹ͬϢȻɨûһεĲݺݵײݣ
ûκ赲ֱ벽ǳǿߵĹʹݵʵǿҲƥУֻشճ
ʦ𣡡ĪС˻
ҹǺȻҪְݵһߣõȫ޷
ۿݼУǧһ֮ʡ
ƴˣ
޳¶һĨɫصȭͷ


1057 ʥ֮

һ֮ʥûκεȴ
·ĳЩϵԱǿе𿪣ѳɷۣ
ͬʱʱΰȻһʹǻħ֮־ޱȼᶨ̣˿Ǹоһľ¡
类жϣַԹĿ־УõȫЩͣ
ã
ȻһȻؿʥƬƬӰƵ·룬׷׵
ŰӰ䣬ϢҲԽԽͣԭȸǿ˲֪٣ԭȵʥǿǿӣǸ˵ĸоǱ˩ޣ׺˿õӡ
ڣشִʳ˷飬Լȫ̸գ
Сӣ㣬㾿ʲôͷųһħẦˣеӵܳ϶Ϊɱ٣㣬ڵǧˣˣ
ʱΰ̲סŭȻ֪ʥľȴҲоõʯʵޱǿҪӵһϡ
һƣеһУᱻȫ
ɾ߱ʵ
СӣẦ󣬺ˣ㣬ܾǧ䣡ҲǼش
޳ƽʱΰףصݲᣬΣ
쵱
ᣡ
һ̣޳ſʥյĽǱʥɱͷʥ񣬽Ǳʱΰ׻ɱ
ԣҪκεԥ޳о˾ϣ
䣡
޳ȭȫץ£һεץʥ֮£͵
Ȼɨһ޾֮ɫɨˣǱɨ˶һǿҵľ֮С
ʥǰѾǳǿߣǿ߲ǳѾǽһռĴڡ
ԣоͻһָ߸ϣбܵĮȻ߸ϵ飬κ˶ǲмһˣ

ʥһɣһǽתʱΰףŨҵɱпӿ⣬ݡһǱ
ţ
޳΢΢һԭΪʥһ뵽ӦԼˣϾԼٵϣ
ȴû뵽ʶԼֱʱΰף
ѵëһɵˣ
ʥǰ㺷Ȼĳ֣޳ӿһͷ
λǰ˵ħʹߣֻҪҺǾܹȨƣ
ʱΰ׾Ȼħ֮ʵҪ˵ʥսԶԶʸ
ԣֻϣħɵͷöԷɵһ
ϣ˵ã˵ħͷ֮󣬶ʥϢǱǣһɸΪĹâ
䣡
ָգߵȭʱΰ׾һȭȥ
ࣣ
ʥǰһſ𵴣ܿһȦǳͣΣز֮䣬·һʵࡣ
ȥû̫ʱΰȴǻһżȵľ֮ӿӣ
˻𣺡㣬ǡ
أ
ǰ֮ٿȻըǿֱըǰƤⱬ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ǣʹ˿ûڸĵ𾪣ֻǲȻغ
ʥ
ȭģΪ棡
ʹȥǧ꣬ʥȭؾȻߵ֪ȭߣΪʥԣӵġ
ʥԣǼҪʧȥ˼ǰĶȭҲ罣ǰ㣬ﵽ۷֮
ȭʱΰҲʥӰ죬ͨĳֱϳ
ʥĿҾѧʥȭ
ǣϧϳѧ˿ҲûУʱΰ׵屻غ÷˳ȥ
ʥˣ޹ϵ
һȻΪʥʱΰ׵ıǰŭഫǧǰʥͲ˶ħɵĽɱж
ʱΰ׻ħ֮һϢħһޣʥɱ⣡̧˽ɵͷǻϽͣõʥɱŨʮֹ
ƾα⣬ʥ׼һӱһǧɣȭص
أ
̧йȣһ״Ĳڱը·һ䣬ƥǿصϣ£˽ȥ
ۣ
һѪһۣشȥһ²֪ģ
һУһ벽ǳǿ߾ˣ
⻹ǻָ˾ųʵʥȫʢ֮ʱսǺεȵľ춯ء
ˣ
һг֣ʥδ׷ǽת˵޳һɱޱȵش


1058 

޳ͷһ𣬵⿪˶ʥʱԴԤϡǵʥͻһУҪɱʱǲһ
ǿߣ
ݵǰ棬ʩչǿֶΣƥɱâգƺƵʮɷԲѹʥ
¡
ƺƴһûܽӽʥһǵָ֮£ñɢ
Ȼһǿ͵ײݺǱεײУõɶء
⣬ǳƣ
ȻҲޱȽӽˣǳǿȣʵ˲ֹһ
һлݣʥĽŲ˿ͣ£һͷֱײײ˿֮Уĺ
ʥɱԱȫ߶беҪɱޱ޼ʵɱա

ؼʱ̣޳ʥǰһεĲٶͷŶʥ¡
ʥ·ǶԴһͣԭأ
ߣ
޳һ۶ڱһѪͷӿ룬Ԫʩչ
Ȼܹһ̶ϿʥʵѾ׸գקƥʱпܱϡ
Сݴ
ߣ
޳һģڲֱϵѱǵŵñ¶˸˿ļ⡣
ĪСһҧվԣʦǿߣ
Ҳߣ
޳ŭ
ǣĪСֻǾǿ죬޳ĸоЩӡΪദԵʣ˵кøУҲ̸жôĸ顣
õ޳İԼʼһԻرֻ˸мεĸ飬ڴ˿ѡ޳
Сδ̫Сڵˣ
ݴЦֳ᪻ƽңҽնþ˶ϺպкĿ֮䣿
޳һ֮мΣǾ塣Ȼ̰˵޳֮׳ңǿߣ
ԣ
ڣʥһһޱȱҵȻֻáһ޳ϵ󵱳˺ѳΪ飡
ھҲˡ
޳ɬһЦӭʥҵ˿㣬һΣǰ
ȻʥԼͷŶôκεɱ٣ȻҲӦԼȥ£
ʥɱŨңλζһƽ޳ȭģߵ¡
أ
һٿȻ޳ǰըǿ񺷵˼Ĳ֮γһȦ
Ȧһ㵴ȥԶԶز￪⣡
ʲôˣ
޳һע⵽ʥȭٿȻͣԭأһֻݵԽס
ֻƿȥݹᾣȻûаǱסʥȴǶã
ǳǿߣȻһֻץס
ѭȥһ׷룬ڿ鲼еߡǼܴܺ󣬽ǳҲس΢Զõ·һԾ֮Ͻٳ
棡
ͻȻͼ
޳Ȼǰߵݡѹܹޱȵһסʥƣԭ˾桪
һ̵ֽ֧ľǿߣ
ʥ
治ᣬֻʥ¶ޱȸӵɫ
䣡
ʥȻ˰͸ɫİһȭȻ档
Сӣҳֽѹʩչ󣡡
޳Ĳ̶ȣԱݵҪһ㡣
һӣٸıɳÿһĶǿͣ紩һ㣬
һץĿʼᣬγһ޴Ĺ֮ʥһն£
飡
عײշͬʱһ󲽡սʥھһʱʹȫʢ֮ʱҲ֡
ʥֻյľųʧȥǣøӦ֡
ԣʥս˸൱
˽ֺܿ죬գ۹ǧСڣһ˴˽ֵĻᣬϺȵ֣
޳ĿһμǰһǶ˹ȥ
Ƶ͵ֶʥֻĶһٶͣԭء

жǳ˿ʥɱ¾ڳܹѡ
棬ԭû£
Ȼһ뢣ǰݻһСĽ֮顣
ߣͷӾû£ҲҪôʱˣΪȻͣڰ벽ǳһ䶼ȥˣ治ѵ⡣
ݺٺһЦ仰Ҳҷֱ档
ѵһ䣬תͷ޳һСӣ˵ϷǲӦɱ㣿


1059 ŵ
һȫ󾪣
һҪ޳˵
ǣûиκλᣬһӣһεĽƱǽס
Į޳Ϊĳ֣Щֱľ棬˵Ƿ񵱵һ֣
Դ֣ǻʱΰˣһȻ֮ɫ֡ϾС̵󣬲ΪΪĲּ࣬ѾľηУҲʱûаֿ
ҲΪˣȷѾƸ˲⡣ʱΰײŸͻȻͼڴȨ
һ֣еζʱѣ
Ϊֻ֪Ҫ֣ڵͼ;ʵ֡
ΪҪǣƽͼ֮ԣǼѾ˱ɱ׼
ڣͻȻ˵仰ϲռϷ硣ʱΰæ棬˵ĲֻҪʦܺúùͨȴû뵽ܵСӵĹƻ󣬾Ȼʹɱ֣
ƺҪ̻ʱΰˣ˵Ļᡣֻһض޳ޱȵɱ֮зӿ·𳤽һк
־֮ɱǰ־ˡǣ޳ֻǵһЦЦһƬƵ֮ɫۣǾҸĵĳͬ
˭û뵽ǳǿߵıȣ޳Ȼ˵ʱһ𾪵Ͷ
ĪСһҧ촽æǰ棬޳˼ֻǣֻǡ
·ǰŮֻض޳ǲذȻ
ʱεţ͵÷·ɸ֭ˮͶɡ
ãȻͷúúãû뵽һǧ꣬Ȥˡ
һЦ֮£Ӱɢ
ʱΰһײԣ
̻Լڲ־
ֽ֣ܵĿ־ͬˮӿ𣬼ûκͣ٣ݡһͳĶͨ˳ȥ
ߣ׷ͷӶ꣬Ӧ֪ͷӵһƾǰħͣңִ֮ţħͬˮȴͶЩĶ㻹кĿǰߣ
ڵ¶ʹĵɫȻſƣʱΰ׾ңңһץ
¡
һ£֮һεȥһ֣ʱΰ׵ͱһ͸Ĺâ֫ƴѣ˿ûа취ơ
㰲ĵȥɡ
˫һգеʹȫأصץ£
ɲʱ֮һ裬֧ʸڴֻ̡áۡһʱΰһըһѪĭ
޳üʱΰҲϵܣóҲǺʦͽ̵塣
ǣ֪ԷѾ֮˵ɱɱ˿飬Կһǿɱ֮ġ
ңһƻɱĿð벽ǳǿ߰
ֵģûаǿߵİֻǹڵϲסڵġ
ؿε̾˿ͷӵͿ߰Ȩżռʹѹ㣬û뵽Ȼ·
һ仰ǲΪԼ⣬ֻǲסؿͷġ
ڣ̾ˣھȥһЩ񣬷Ӵ֮󲻵̤벽ܽǳ֮
û뵽˺˵Ȼ赭дؾͷŹԼϲ֮£æص֮Ӵ֮ϴĸ棬Ҳκ
һɱһˣһһˣ
ĺպ޳Ҳǲ̾
ȻΪܹͻƣҲһսĶˣźˣˣ
ֿĳϣղŲ˼ʹ棬ƫʱΰס
ѵ⣬߲ѵصͷȥ
ǴӴ˰ڲһ
޳֪꣬ɻ⣿
޳΢΢һЦڼ£ĳһˣȻǲúҷ
ǡ
εҡͷЦһͷСӣһôǻʵˣɡ
ݣ
һƵĹâָ䵯ٵ޳ġ
þ
޳һû뵽澹ȻǴ͸Լһöþһö֮ǰжҪϲٵĻþ
ӵöþֻҪܹ֮ҹǿֱӻɱɷ߽ٵǿߣ
治֪к·ԸԷȻ˴ۣȻͼˣƫƫô޳ȫ᲻þܾ
صͷһֵҪŵδ걣ƽ


1060 
ʲô˼
޳ݶһĲ⣺
Ȼ޳츳ˣպضո¶ͷǡǣҪ˵ȫڣδ⻹̫ĵһЩ
ô˵ϾֻɷٵΪ۷ǰ벽ǳ֮
֮ĳЩɽ⣬޳ﵽǳܰæ
ĻǶֻһ̸ûаã
⻰ƺ̫ĳ˰ɣ
޳еľ֮ɫȥüʵ
ǣͷӿ˿ҲûпЦ˼
̾˿һ¶ľ뵡֮ɫ㵱ϷΪҪ伣ꣿ
ԣ޳뵽֮ǰĪСԼԣй֮¡ٿȻӱ˴ɫʶ̫һε𶯴￪ˮưܿȥ
ֱӾ棬䲢ûа⣬еֻһƬѯ֮⡣
沢ûн䱸ƾ޳ֻǵоǹǿ֮ʱ¶һ˿ΪŨҵĿο֮ɫ

һ޳˫üһ
λħɵĽɱڽ̵ݵ֮󣬾Ϳʼһֱչء
ԣ޳²ضˣ
֮̽£Ȼǣ޳Ҳû뵽Ȼ˺֮ˣ
ڤʱ㡱ܵģҪǿǧ򱶲ֹʹǿʵǿþˡ
ǣϷ뵽ԭ㲻츳ˣȻ֮һϷԽи֮£ְˡ
溬Ц֮һƬ͸ĻϷħһƣЩȫǿһΪںţǿסһҸоóƵѹԽԽˣҪ˶ãϷҪǣ
һƵذ˰ֹ֣˵ֿ޳ԣϷ򲻵òΪں󱲿ǣûϷǷܹɱ֤һݶӵĵλ
λֱ˿̣Ϊڽ㣬Ǳʹҧסأû䣡
޳üΪʲôң
ǺǣϷ֪óóȻҪĴǡ̹ȻΪĿǰ̫ߣ䣬ʮӦܹﵽɷ֮ʱʥ񣡡濪ϲص
޳ȻԭǼϣʥϣΪͬʱǿߣʥǿսȻָơ
һ۱㿴ʥӵȫʢʱڵľųսѰǳǿ߶Ƕ֡
ԣԼܹ֮ȫƿأôȻӵ㹻ڣ
֮õĲԼʥ
Ϸ򲢷Ҫһݶ飬ֻҪŵӽ󵫷裬ڱض㾡ȫ֮㣡
޳ЦЦݺôˡСܽܡ
⻰һ滹ݶһȻЩ֮ɫ¶
ν񣬱Ͼ޳Ŀǰܹյս˵ֵÿء
֮׳֦޷Ҳǿ޳δˡһ㣬һЩɺķѾ޴£ϵһ
ˡ
޳ֵ֮ԲܽܣСӲְˣСһͬչϹˡԣκ飬ֻҪܼȻǵʲã
ףĪС볤Цãããǧ׵ãѰȻģϷʹںճˡպκε飬ֻҪڰæԾѰСӡѣԻúýѵ
Ӳҡ
æǵӵľˣǶ£ģҲʵ̵̫ˡ
Ŷ
һֱڱչؾʥ񱬷ϢҲ
ԣǲ֪˵ľ֮¡
ݼ򵥵˵һоⱬǺܿ죬йâȥ
ȻܹϾɲӰ
˼䣬̲סʵ꣬ʥǴӺε
Ȼ´սѾãΪޣûκ˽⡣
޳ص㣬˵ȻӹСë¡
ˣǵľȻ¡ݵˣ֪ӵнʱյսżȻ
һļգκһˣвͿٲΪ޳ǵûг⣬ǰУ
òȻαӣ
޳תʥĻϸֳ֮ɫʥ˹˽Բֻ֣֮ͨΪʵյҲ֡ǣǺ֮ô˵֮˭


1061 ֮
޳ǲ⣬ʵҲһֱ治ѣʲô˾Ȼܹסʥ
ʥڻָ˾ųʵ֮ȻΪɵòѡʱأҪһ֮ٳȥС硣
Ҫ֪ʥľųսѾܹƥǳǿߣܹɵǶԷָǺεʵ
Ȼƽǲ֪ΪΣϷһֱƺȻǲɨ
ѵħδ壿
룬еĶͻȻ΢Ĳǵ򿪵Żʼ󲨶
ţͨرʱ쵽ˣڰɡ
ָ꿪Ǵ֮еõһִҪ뽫Ź£ȻҲҪ֮ни⣬֮Ϊܹ֮õ֮ĹעպΪǳǿߴкô
ǳ֮ΨдﵽȾ磬ܴ壡
һֶ㹻ͿԽԼǳʱɵĿռ䣬磡
һ족ɳɡ
ǳ죡
󾳽˴˴УϳΪһܵϵǳɾͶ֮ǿ߾ԼƬˣӴ֮벻治߾磡
ԭˣѹһֱδܳɾǳ硣ݻȻ
ˣ
һݺݵڸԴһǣԼŬ֪жߺߣҪǰ֮ڣ㻹ͻƲǳͷӽǹ˶ɽʾڡ
ݶʱŵһ˲ҰɫڱȽϺ˵Ǹɲ
ʦүʬʱڵѾʮȥ߰ˡôЩ꣬Ǻ˲٣ڵ֮ѾǼΪϡ٣ܹҵãǲܣҲǲǿ󡣡
޳ӲҪѰңճ
֮ǱǳһεΪǣԱΪ
ԣļֵĸߣǶһЩɷ۷ǿ߸ˣ˵ҹԶֻҪõһ˿ҲܳΪ벽ǳǿߡ
á
޳ͷĪСһۡĪС˵ͷһϸֶܿ커סˣ֮ͬС
ɫһƬ磬Ӱ˿
һ
壡
޳˿֮¶һĨ𺳣
֮Уһǧ֮նӴһѹĴһǿĲܽһĩ
УʲôлʶҲķͻ֪ʲôӴ󣡲ΰ󣡡ϰԵرӡ
ԪҲϰԵزмбԼûôһ߷򣡡
飬ү
޳ʶ֮һͨߴߴɵĳ
ǰɡ
кһ޳ĪСλö֮ܿǰ
ô
ĪСѡһƬۼףϥ棬ʼĿ
ܣһööĿʼ衣Щÿһöǰ͸ɫΪ۶ɡ
ô
޳ֻǾؿһĻҲϢʯһ㿴š
ȻⲻҪκٻԶ壬ٵڱγһޱȾ޴Ӱ
Ȼ޳ƺҲʼ黯ϸĹڷɢƺʱпҪڽǻӰ֮С
߰Ӧþǡ
޳˫֮µĹâһһش촽֮³䣡

䣬ҲڵаڣֻҪ͸ذأôܻû񣡱ǰһӴޱߵĴڣ
٣ԭˣ
Ԫ˲벻죬ħԶŵʱƬӦþħħս֮Ϲʱ֮󣬾Ѿ˵ħĴˡ
ЩĴܣҲͨޣ𲽴ﵽħսħ
ЩУĳЩӵħѪϹֱ֣ܹӻħ̧֮öǳ֮
壬ǲҪܱͨܵأƾԼ
޳µֻûķӦҲģ
ɨۼ֮Ϸһϸܵ·оһӴޱߵķ
ΪĴڣܹ֮Ӷӳ޴ս
󡭡ûԭˣ
޳һ˿֮ɫ֣Ȼ䣬ǵӰܿ˵ơ
ЩȻǺܷѾܹĳΣ
֡
ܵ߱ǵϢŤͷ֮üһĻĪСԾò㽫ͷҧ
޳⸱󣬷ŵ伮֮أߴʩչʱģ
֮УԵҪʤһ
֣ô쵽ģ


1062 ղ
˸ﻹǲܱȽϡ
εһ䣬ĪСȻ޳ֲĲٶȣΪ޴ѹͬʱҲһغôǾ˽·Ӧôߣ˺ʱ䡣
ҪСôһغôԺܶദƿе˵Ըľȥȡһָ̡
ΪĪСڿ֮У޳һʱЩĴһۣȻ뵽˵֮
֮ȷʵޱȣпܵĻ㵹ӦúúòһѰҵһЩѵĵص
޳ף̽Ԫǿʼϵطɨܡ
֮Ȼ̺˽ԴϢϢǳ֮ͨԪҲǿָ㡣
ǧ֮̽˽ʮ֮һ壬޳ҲǺķʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ҹ޶ϵ̽⣬һաҺã߻Ͽȡе㡣
ڽȼ֮޳ǵõ˻ָ
ϣˡ
޳̾˿񻺻ջأǰӴޱߵеڹꡪ޴¿ڵĸо
Щ֣ǰԵֵǿߣһ֮Ҳĵɾ
ԪٿȻһѵǣ
˷ߴٵ޳죬߷ڣһЩջ񡣡
棿
޳ĻһȻûҲΪˡ
óóȻ棬ǻᱻǿʳɷ飡
һ㲻صģӵжףӲ壬һЩ⣬ǱסһӦò¡Ԫǲεߥ޵
޳һۣȻԪΪΣ˵ĻмֵڵεȾˣҪԼһ֮¡

ݡһ޳α֮
ܿ죬Ǻ谭ؽС
ɲʱһ𵴲棬һ޳
ԣ

޳ɷĶٻˣǿϯȻõϸƣѪ
ӡ壡
޳зݣԲȥܵƣȫڸ֪֮ϡʱĻ˸
һƬûб߼ʵ磬ǳһƣЩ裬ϵزҪ˸˺ѳΪǿ
Ԫ飬ô죿޳
Ԫûв´ĻӦþǰ棬һֱǰ
ǰ飬ֱƵĿռ䲨ƣ޳סصһ
ˣҲֻӲͷƤǰˡ
ৣ
֮󱻴߶һʮһ淨߶޳һ֣ÿһֶ͸ǧɾ롣
磬ǡһ˲ǧʩչÿοԴǷ̫֮ǿң޳ÿһξ룬ҪķѾ޴ٶܵ˼ơ
˵㾡ȫʩչٶȣǷ֮֮лһӴֶ£صһ޳ը˷飡
ף
ӡ֮д޳õǣܿ췢һ飺
Ȼһ˳ƽԼڣ
ӯͨ͸һӿ壬˶Կռİظһظ򡪡
磡
Ȼ磬ҼΪ⡣
޳ˣǰͶ̶ĸߣʱΰһҲԲɡղ
ལལ
ϹעԪԪӵЧҪΪԣգ۹޳ܹյľ淨Ѿﵽʮŵ
磬ȹ˵ɣ

޳۾һӿʼ¶Щ㡣ǣעٶתǰ
ʹܵõ֮һ˵ջҲԶԤˣ
ݣ
һΣ޳ʩչ磬ֻǽԪ֮дصвĵҩɲͳͳ׼á
ܲסһը֮߶ӡʼ޸ͬʱ忪ʼЧãɴɵ
ǣոտʼͣǵ磬
ûкķѶʱ䣬޳ľ淨ٶܿﵽʮĵ֮࣡ң漴ˡղá
һʩչڶʱڿԲ˲һЧңһʩչԽЮ֮пռ֮乥ǿ
޳쿴
û޳ϸԪǾȣ


1063 һħ
֮
޳Ҳ͵һ֮УǲĿռѷ֮УһƵĹâڿС
Щâÿһʳָ̣ǵĶΪ鶯һ֮£ʮɾ룬ٶȼղᲢۡ
Ҫκָ㣬޳Ҳףضǡ֮
ǣЩ֮ؿռѷ첨֮УѰҪ봩͸ȥ֮ץס΢΢
Сү
޳ݺݵһҧղʩչ˲Ƶײǰһץһ֮
ͣ
Ǳޱȵĸն޳Ķױ谭ظѿ嵱ѳʮ飬ǣƺ񾪵ƵץȻǽһ֮ģ
ɳˣҪǶܿռѷ죬ҪȥץѸ֮ɹĿȻ΢΢
Ҳ޳ֽηֶΣǿеضȡ֮

֮һģʼתܿ콫֮Ȼ֮Ժ谭ػΪǳ޳Ըоǿ
޳ΪϾֻɷٵĲΣ޷̫ࡣһ۷ǿǰпܽһ֮һٽΪ벽ǳ
ף
׷֮ٿȻ޳ע⵽Ƿеķʼ˱仯ƺ֮һԴȫȥ
޳ȥ
Ԫ˷ܵصƺҲ뵽ʲôԴֳԾԾԵı飺죬Ѿ͡
˵Ļʵ̫ǵ޳һ񺮡
λö޳ողʩչ֮ʮĵ淨֣ǻ籡ö
Ǽ̤޳ǸϳԶЩ֮ƺڹʼձһԶľ롣
ȫٸ·֮£·ǽȥһ˲Щ֮ȫͣ
ݣ
Ǻһ㣬УܿлȻһֻӿʼͣ
Դ
ٿȻԪЦȵľϲ֮⴫
ǱԴѵûԪ̧ܣ

ʮԪǿп֮顣˿ǰıԴ͵ǿҪǳ֮һöɵ֮УûԴһﾳ
޳Ҳ˽һ
ոսʱõһöȻöЧֻʣǧ֮һҲܴĺô
ԿǴĸԴ֦ɣ
֦ǿֱ˴
ЩǿﾳǿߣıԴпһꡣǿߣȻЩܹЩĻɺ֮ǿҪǿ֪ٱ
ԪΪĵԪ֮УﾳǿߵıԴɴһֻͬ½Ӵ
ǵǿߣͨﾳǿߣȫһ֮У
ǰıԴһֻɫӣʵʹȫʢʱڣﾳ֮Ҳ㲻رͻҲеƫ°ˡ
ˣһкȴͳһҶɣ
ٺ٣ҪСôһֻӣȥʹԪ֮УҲǿΪ֮ԴԪٺһЦ
Ҳǹ˿ڿˮӣñ˷ܵβֱ˦
޳ȻǲƽһǾֻӡ
ֻӿȥľܣûа㿹֮ƾ޳ۿžҪġ
ͻȻ
ˣֻ˫ۣ۾һƬ쾧ƵĹâŨҵüҪ˵˺ɷ顣
ãСģ
ͬʱԪĴѴ˹
޳˫۵ĵһʱ䣬ëһըϣɫһף
ˣ࣬Ҫͳͳɱɱ⣬ȫ𣡡
һ̺ޱȱŰײеڴ
ƥѹȻѹ޳ʮɽһ̮ʹǸʮؿռ䣬ҲܽһзΧȫ촷ۡ
źһƬƬɫĹڷٵڰ֮Ϊһ
֮УһĿŨŨڼ֮еǿߵնǿΰȻһ޾ɱ¾֮
ħ
޳һǰӰȻİ¶Ϣȫ졢Īаһ޶һ
ͻȻףղЩ֮ӦþܵƣΪľǽԼ
ֻǣħΪλڣַֹ֮£


1064 ӡ
΢࣬׸ɣ
еħ߸ϵ·˵һ֣ԼԶĪ˷ѡ
У޳ȫһ㣬ܹ׸Լҡ
ҪСүǻҪûʸ񣡡
޳˫Ȼһһɱ֮ŭѵСүô۸ô
ԶĴǳУҲʥǶԣԼƺǻǣ͵űǵռ
ôҲ̫Сү˰ɣ
Сӣڱɣ
ӰһһɫͻȻķ˳вͣ޳ǰ͵ýӽʮɷԲ˻˻Хϴд
Сүã
޳ȣǳ֣̫ٻǿ𵴣·תٴﵽ˼µķ糵Եˮ
ˮȻҹ
ˣ
ҹһ۾ʱúƵģõöһҪɷ飡
ͬʱһһƥǿᲨɨ
أأ
ХȻ类˺һѷ죬ǵĲȻ

ǵĳкȻͣ٣رն˺ѳΪ飡
ҹ𣡣
ħؾε¶һ˿֮ɫ
ܿ죬侲ԭǻν׶εҹ𣬲㻣ס˱񡣺ߣû뵽㻹ֶΣǸ㲻ˣаΪ𣡡
µ³ֻػܵĺøΪŨһ˺ڰ֮С
ڲĻһھƵ񻺻ƺس֮ʾѴڣһεѹС
£££
񿪿ڣһƺԾ£һƶ򡢲öһеζй򣬶ָ
ù
ǹɱɽһѹ䣬Ҫٱѹ¡¡ش䣬Ƶ޳Ҫ
ߣ
޳һߣʶ֮ɫĹâתγһõĹâǹâһ֣һ֧ѹɵҪǰһͳͳѹΪ顪
з޳񷨣
ν޷
䣡
һǶؼãһһйȻԳһζǧɾ룬Ǻݺݵײһ
ʲô
޷һ͵ؿʼ˲ڲһѻҩȼǿҵıһԶ˳
أ
һִݿ֮ɨգϮΡ
Ծգһӵüģ
ȻشѿΪɢɾһʧغҲ֮ɢɾ
ۣ
ֶαƣħҲܵ˲СĴˣۡһɫĹ˲١
һн̳޳üͷš䱸ħԸʤ׷ǸղǻѾĽõ߰˰ˣ뷢һǧѡ
޷⣡
ħϵĺڼ׻ʧ¶һӣ˲Ծز׽֮⡣дĿ̶֮ɫ׵һøС
ض޳ҹ޷⣡ľϲһؽһذǸɳǶħһԣ治һ£ûȻˡ
޳ɨһۣħֻϷڣǲûһᡣ
̵ƤһǣħȻҾͳȫ㣡ӡŲƣ
أ
һХͻȻٶֻεıԴ֮Сܿ죬Ϊһ֮ʱûΪһݵһ˽޳ʶ
ţ
޳ͳһ֪ʶжһһǿҵĸȾԣˮһ㣬Ҫԭ峺ĺȾ
ӡݣ
ͺһȵСӣûлˣӳȥ˵ɡ
νӡݣǱѰΪһֶΡһʩչ˵ֶΣԽΪԴӡֱȾԷӡ
һ֮󣬶ԷһУ顢š似ʽͳͳΪԼС

޳üε̾˿
ħȻ죬Ϊ̫õĹϵܹǺǿĻҲᶯñжˡ
ԣ޳ҪѰɱӶǱԴȡ֡
ǣħȻܹʩչӡݵֶΣ˵ӡһӲҪɱĻǻҲɲСˡ
Դãǻֵ޳ȴȥȡ
Ȼ


1065 ջ
ˣˣ
ٻʥǿдٿȻһĲԴԴ
ڤģ
޳͵سһ𶯾ԴԳѾõڤģ
ӱеõʱȻԪӵޱǺڤĲδӳ̫Чãǰ޳ΪЧǱòôԡ
ڣȴǷһɹޱȵǿޱȺڰƱħӡҪʮٱֹ
˵ֻѰɫϵĻڤĵǿգ嫺ڰ޿ɴȡ
ܣǡ˵㣬ôӵУ
Ȼ䣬ħҾ˼ĺг޾ľ֣һּƵĿ־塣

·˳һ㣬ϸĺɫӴ޳ʶ֮УٵȥһɲֻӴ֮⡣

һٶƺڤĵļȲãϯʱǿʮ
ɲʱеĺɫӾס˲˱֮У͵öá
ħһ춯صĺЩӿʼŤöó״
գǵֻһΣҲûǲظУֻܼп־壬޾Ŀ־塣
ֻεıԴҲǴ뿪һࡣ
໣
ĺħзƴţҪڤĵϧڤͷŶǿ·ɴֵĸקס
ڣħҲֵסקշ𣬿ٵͶڤ֮С
ԣԣԣ
ڤǿԾÿһαĶ·ܱųޱŨҵ̶̵ļαĶ֮£Ũ羧ƵĹӯУõȻһʯ
ǿ
޳΢΢һԭȵڤĴڸмΪ΢ħıӡ֮ϢúŨңССһģܹգ𵴲񷣡
ڤıԺڰҵ˵ֻҪܹϵպڰԵıܹϽħһȻԲɱǵΪ⣬ǼΪĺڰһܹ࣬ڤĽԪ͵
޳ףȻ֪һ㣬εջسһ
ħıӡ֮ڤĵǿȿԽ˺ֹʮΣƾڤ鲨Ǿܻɱκɷٵǿߣ
أ
ͻȻֻһֱӳ޳ע⣬һţƿʶӴ硣
һ䣬þˡΪҪǣ޳û뵽ⱾԴﾹȻӴܣԸûüۿֻӾҪڽ
أ
һִֻĹճ֣Юһǿ£صӵԴϡ
ë֣
ֻһһ㣬ѳΪٵÿһƬûΪһ⣬Զȥ
죬޳ЩǼΪ֮ͳͳץסԪ龪
ǿܵ۾ɵͭƵģҲ
ݣ
κָ㣬޳һʱ䷴Ӧǧ䡰ղʩչһãʮɷԲĿռʱ
ǲռһԼҵ֮޷ѣСȻ޳ת䣬Ԫ֮С
ˣۡ죬һ֮˳ȥ
𣡺𣡡
ʱӰ޳ڷɳһǲһȴСǣ
СЩһֱǹŻУȻδɹϢϴѾǿ˲٣ҲǱƽɷٵʵ

ޱȵβһԼһҵ֮ڣжСǽȵǣڽֻ˳ܿ콫ʣµһɨա
һ֮ٶ죬ʧĴ
СʩʩȻռС֮Դ޳ؿڲ䰡ģɫ
޳Ϣ֪ЦЦԴȥɣЩ֮ˡ
ȻöľƬǹŻµĴУСҲλŻǰϣ޳ͻ
ǣԷΪϾǳЩĴУСǽסЩ֮İҪࡣ
ιιιˣ˸ð
ǣСֻؿһۣŤת޳ֱۡ
ûϵǡ
޳һУ˳ﵽ˵ء޷֮ڤҲǻͻƣǵõô֮
κһջȥ磬ԽĽ˫ͨ졣
ħ֮ʣ˵Ǻ⣿
Ȼ޳뵽֮ǰսʱΣ̲סü


1066 Զս
ڤԴԱ㣬Ϊɷδôʲô
ǣԵʱǵΣħſںߡ
ڰ弴Ԫ򣬶Ȼ󲨣ɵΧˣйҲǲ
Ԫеյصļ䶪ʧ֣Щؼ
ÿʱ̣Ԫǻץ޳⣬Ȼ
䣡
ղαԴʧĵطһֶܿͣǴʮɷԲ
âƽ״ȥȫһĻģܿس˻Ļ桪
𣡺𣡡
һƬڰ֮ϣȻѿһķ϶Ƿ϶ţգ۹ͱǧɿ֮
һȥѷ·֮˿ڣƺһֱӵǿҪҲ
ֲĺдһͷͷϣɫ󴿺ɫĹ޴з˳
Щ޿ȥЩޣֻҪϸ۲죬ֱܷǾԲޣ
Ϊ¶ϢɲһֶԵ֮бɿǶһ壬ûκһ˿һ֮⣡
ӲҪȽϵĻս֮еѪħΪ
Щǡ
޳˫һͻȻޱȸɬעӵЩһλλòͦεŮ档
һûκεĳª֮ǣ¶ϢһĲᣬȫûκεԡ
˵ȫĮ
޻ŵ֮ߣ䣬³Ѿ˴أõõ˿ݻήңһɿ
ЩҲ̧ƣһųɱ¾ϢĹĳ͡
ŸһͣɢϢõձްһӱ˺ҹ
ʱ
𣡺𣡡
֮ϣһӰȻ𣬻֮УǷ˷ŭĺ
ЩӰһΰ׳˼㣬кبӴҲһƿշǿյĴǳ񿥡
࣡
ֻЩ·Ǵ˵еľˣǵЩ޶ǲضãһֱܹڸ񷣬δء
ǶµĹȣһӰգʱ
Ѫѣ
ƬƬ֮֫е£ȻֻǸһĻŨŨѪϢҲܴӲ֪ôңԶʷдѬһͷĿѣ
޳úЩͣͣŹĻеΣһڴԴȻЩ˵սޱȾˣǴǡ֮˿ڡеĹޣȫһ޾ģ
ǣԺиûκĸգۼͬȥǣĹ޽Ųûаͣ٣ǿٵؽ£ηӭ˹ȥ
ǲҵս治ϲվͻΧЩսһš
ЩӵޱȹսĽֻǺɫĹ˸εĲɢ۵ɳӰжôˣǿٵرڻ⡣
ǣһܵ˿ǰǿʼһӰ׹䡣ǣһƬ뿶֮ɫȻ֮Ժ
Ҳٽ飬Ѿǿ
Ȼ󣬻涸ת޳һӭ
һȻǸղű˱ӡħֻǱղţеսǿ˰ٱֹ
ħɱһ޴ķҲ֮ӭȥϵԵĲֻֻĳǺܿΪһ󽣣ٵնħ

壬ħ쳤ХһⲨڷֱǰ
ҵսչĻһħһɱҲ֮䡭
ԭˡ
Ļʧã޳Żس˿е֮ѹȥ⿪ͷɻ󡪡
֪ʱƬƺһսӸղŵĻԿЩսǿߣʹСһˣҲָܵɱԼ
Ӧ֣ͬħ壬ʱӦҲǲսˡңһħͬھ
ͷħñӡ֮Уһǣ
Ϊʧ̫࣬ħʼձڶǵ֮СԼУ¾Ҫһˡ
ǵһεȾ˵սЩ壬ȻǴ˵е鼶ǿߣҲ˰ɣ
޳˷ܣЩǿߵĳ֮Ȼһǿҵĳ嶯
ң޳ҲҪ۷壬ȥľ޾⣡


1067 軨׷
ٻ˲޳㳯֮ȥ
һΣΪԵʣ޳Ҫࡣյʱ䣬硣
ʱĪСҲ˴
ţ
עһۣ޳΢΢һЦϲĪ
ĪС̣˫֮йâ鶯ȻƺʱпڷɶûΪһӴ
Ȼһ˴֮УõĺôΪСѾ˺ڡ
ĪСһԲֻ޳ãε̾˿
֮ǰѾʶ޳ֲĲԼϾڵմĪСżԼпںĸϳԽ޳
һ۲죬Ȼ޳¶ֺ󣬵Ȼ͸ǹǿԼѹֲסİ޲ѾĳԼ޷ĦĲΡ
СҲǶžŵĹ⻷ĪСһֱԼ츳ޱţ޳ȣǲòε̾硣
ǡ
Цһ޳Ȼ֪Ůת˸ӵͷ˼ˣǳȥɡ
ĪСͷ
һöķɳܿγһȦƣ˸֡漴һΣǱ뿪ԡ
ˡ
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˵ıҲΪǺߣڼ޳Ȼʱ˶ɳ
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޳ЦЦԵ˵һ
֪ԭǰ꾹Ȼǳڱڤһ͵ĵط
˱΢ĳȴܵõյĳɾͣǰֱӸɷ˶ɵĴʱΰס
ʹݰһġ񴨡˵Ϊսѹۼľ֮Ҳɣ
һ𾪵񲻽Ͷ޳

ӹ沢飬ǽ֮ģĿ

ֻХһɺɫͻȻ֣Χ濪ʼת粢Ǵһֱ͸ζ
ңħıӡЩƣֻҪϯͻᱻת
⣡
ܱΪѾﵽ˰벽ǳǵǹϮҲǲˡ
ǱƵ磬˫֮вֳһĨȻ
ԭһֱܵ˿µţ
оóǻԼܵţǵͻᶯã治ǽ֮ѹƣ֮Կǧ֮ã
ݱ£Ǹ̲סܡ
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ΪϾǱɱȣֱӴ֮гȡڵĺ
ðΣһ˴ĺɫų˿̧ƣ˫޳Сѣл
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ܹȬôھӵǳǿһԾΪΪ
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Ϸһʱ⣡⵹Ҳ֮ϲˡ
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ˣҪ⸱ӡʱҲ㹻ˣҪǻܸϷͻǳϷôʰ㣡
⻰ȻΪŵδˣѵһ䣬Ц޳СĵҩϧϷ޳ֻܽ軨׷ˡ
˵Уָᵯ˺޳
˶ǳһǸղſۼĿֲɱССŵҩۣһе½ɽŴݻٶٻ¡
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޳ӹ΢΢֪һĨ֮ɫ


1068 
лǰ
޳мصϿҡ
СǧҪС֮Ϸƽ׶
治֮ԴǫѷƺҲȫ޳ƽ֮ˡ
һԴ𿴵˸֪ͣ˺кΰ޳л
ϧ޳һл㽫֮ûл۲졣
ɵƣʵ޷޳ԼԼܹչڤһǿȣɴ˴ļӦþܰ׸˻
ǣҪǵȳ̶ȣҪмĻԵǵֶο԰쵽
ԣ޳סûж˵ø˴һջϲ
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ϼһôҲйĽˣġ˼ҲҪһæƨߵߵزȥˣɷҲ
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߰߸ǲмһˣʹԼΪɵʵȨҲǰ벽ǳǿߣҲ㲻ʲô
޳ܻ֮˾⣬֮ǰչ¶ѹ֪ʶ޹ϵɱǰҲǾһ㡣
һ룬Ȼƽ˲١
޳Ҫһҡ֪ʱ޶࣬еҪΪһ⼶ţڼĪСǱ֮󣬲Ҷൢ飬Ҫһľ⴫
ĪС鸴ӵؿһ޳иӵ˼£ˬر˱ȭ֣δж飬ټ
˴񵥱ԣǧѵһʢ£ʱԪĴѡǱľӢӣ޽Ϥ
ЩòѾǿ󣬵Ԫһȣȫ
ԣһʱȸ㲻ʲôֻҪܹԪеĲ඼ֲ
ԭ߷ᱻԶԶ׵
һ
޳ҲǱȭӦʱ˿̣˴˼ûŮ֮еֻ֮ľأ
Ȼ޳ʥһƣУЩֶͳͳ޷áĪСõָ֮ʵؽõ
ԣϣ˵˭һ

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ȻŽҲЩ޳ǰĽŲˡ޳һɣټǧɷĬ˽֮ȼͷ
ңΪСЧĳҡ
ǽ˿õʦΪ۷޵֣ǫѷ͵һ棬ǻὫ۾ŵñ
ĳ⻰ҲȫȫǿʵϴƵҩʶ޳ʩչġҲǳ
СΪѷɫһѾؼ̳ӵĵͳܹ֮еõЩָ㣬ǽǱʲôҪĽ
ݣݣ
ƽǧɷ
䣡
һƣеԳޱרעչֳ˼ߵְҵ
һֻԾӣһԾǧɽˮһɳȻסǧɷ
أ
һϽɫĻԵ֮Ȼ־޵ı棬ҲǾɰܵĹؼ
ǧɷɳҶڽ֮УɫȻȴȻ¶һɿȻϢ
ϢȻǿңȫһΡǣ˵ĸоޱȼᶨԱҡ
ǿĽлǣ
ֳһҶǰԴһԪսǧɷ֮СȻΪ̫
ǣ츳ߣθԶѰһͷʨȻδɣмԦ޵
鷳ˡ
üִȡķǳеһݡǧɷ̰Թһ㣬ཡһǽ֮ȥ
ܿ죬ֻǧɷ淺ĵĹâǹâƣٵγһУʱԽһ񷶼ɵ
꣡
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޳˫һ벽ǵΪѵһˣ


1069 ߳ŭ޳
꣡
벽Ҫ볯Ÿ߼ǳͬʱ꣡ҩ֮ǿ꣡
ܹ벽ľǣ󶼱ʼΪ񺷣ҲܿơԣҪ˳֮УȽ֮
⾫ֲ̣ĨǣԲѶȼ
ңÿһľҪǲܹͬľʽѾת֮վȽŸ
ֿռʮľţѾתеġʦ
Ҳԭڡ
ǰ벽иߵȼĵҩͬҪõľţ
꾫ƣ
ߣΪת޵̸
ɽ׹꣬ͣǱƲԲ꣬ҶҡǻԡΪҺ꣡

Ͷ뵤֮еֲϣٵڿ漴ʮָ紩֮䣬һٳ͡
еŰסҺ壡գҺ彫סܿͶǧɷ֮С

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޳ףоóǧɷдϲһ֮ɾǻʵ벽ˡ

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ԭʯǣңʯ㲻ͨ顣ĪӢˮﻨڤ֦ΪҺ꣡
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޳Ȼһʱ⣬õ˹²Сǣ޳Ͼᣬ϶вٵطգȫоϡ
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弶

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ڣǧɷɾ벽飬һֻɫľʨǰʵﵽɷ۷塣
Ҫ뽫ǧɷƸһ㣬Ҫõһֻ벽ǳޣֻǡ
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ѾԼжϣʼ˵Ϻõعȫ޳ӣôΡ


1070 ľ޴ֵ
СǰӦòɣʵܶ˵һܹƿס꣬ʹ֮ӾǺܲˣԡʲô
˫ٿȻĻһֶǲ³޳õĵͣǰĵݣݣ
޳ָɳȥĵתÿһöǴŽ˴Ħ͸İ
Ѱ֮˿¿һۣۻңֱĿѣεȥǣЩܵһεĲٿ֮˴˺ӦһµĹɻö
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һɵĵҺΪֱۣ˳ЩƸ֮£ǳһϸĹâ;Ȼ˲١
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ѹֲסľֿп͵һǿҵľնʼ
˿ܵ𶯣кεǿң
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ȻͲ󣬵Ǹо֮Уȴ˲ֹһΣ
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ֵıѾ˴ͣûκԿ˿̵顣ԭѾ϶ܹõӸߵȼ꣬ĻǧɷҪֹ
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Сһֶ򲻿ɴȥĻ֣࣬صѵ
һܹ֮д;ǿꡢɲֲͬдô
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ҲΪɵ֮һ˾ޣӵеĺֱ£
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ԴƴҡΣ갡ټһܸ챾ﰡ
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޳а˾
ʵС㣬и취ԿٽֻǡЩΪѡ


1071 ɳ
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᳤ӵĵӣ˵²ˣϾӶ꣬ܶƼնɺ̵ְֽ
޳Ȼõӵȫ飬ʱ䲻ԭⷽ沢ñ᳤ռơ
⣬᳤ʵҲתɣֻҪһԵпת֮ƥǳǿߣ
ǾԵսƼܣ޳˿ռơԣҲֹԭ򡪡
Ƕԣ̫ͼ¼ѱǿеԲ£Ȼ޶ˣǸûκΰ취ԳԽС
·;СҲǲ֮һʱ̡
ֿο᳤ڿԵһʱãպȻ㱻СУ
Ũҵĺ⣬֮˵޷᳤ֱʦ𱨵о

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ʥʤǲ
޳뵽ʲôָһ飬һ˿֮⣺Ƿ㣬żǲһ⣡

ҪȰֹǵ޳ϣʱһ𣬹ʹص˵ͷã
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ȻǼֳ棬νص
޳̲סЦЩ˵ζ
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һֻ֣Ҫ治֣ʹڶ⣬Ҳȫʸȫˣ
Сϲܽսȥʹãս֮ϣһӦūԴԾ
⻰뽫ս͸޳ˣƽսۺķ˵;ͣûаɡ
޳ӿ˵ĸжǰ˰֣л֣СĴƯϰһЩ
սãǽһЩؾʱܵԼƩ硰С硱ս۾޷롣
⵹Щ鷳
ͷ⡣޳ͬԶʵѾƽڣʱͼһȶ޳Ĵð֮ʱ
ԣѡ·ҲһҲȫһ
һ·ģּŹ㲩̸޳֪˺ܶķ飺ഫϹʱҲħݺᣬĸߵĵ̡Ǻһ֮սܶǿȺ㣬ѾǴǰˣǳǿ߶Ǻ
˵ţȻһ٣ˣ

ȫһƬĮһȥûκ̼󡣵ǣս۵֮ɳĮ֮϶ȻһɴƵı
ڰ֮зɾ趯γһɸߵľ޴ɳˡ
þ˵Ļ󣡡
޳̾ڣٿȻĿһɳʱһһε֮ɫӿ


1072 Ĵ
壡
Щɳ˸ԼеĻ󣬴ϸ֪ϢʾǾȻǴ壡
λ޴ʦ
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һ߳ߵ꣬Ľ˶ȳơֻ˵֮󣬻һЩŤ·𿴵ĲǱ𣬶Ǹһر
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ֵĽһʮɳ˶ǿʼɳֳ˱塣
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ݣʹıԷ̫ͼ¼ҲǲرʵЩԱۡ
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ôǲ֪ζֳɾ˺򣿡һЦ
˴ｻ֮䣬Ҳ˵֪޳
Ӵʥʱһ¼˱ȽϸһҲ˶Ը˳оΪ
˺ųơĴڡÿ˵ʵǴﵽת֮Ҳֻѷɫһΰˡ
ҲûгưһҰģ˲Ը룬ҲǺǿʧ֮ȴǴִӵʥ˲ˡ
УζΪ֣ҲΪ޳ΪǰӦҪ뵤ʥڣǳǰٰڮӵ
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1073 
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ֵصŭ˼£ƽҪѧЩһǰŸ˺ô̿ʼ޳ܵĳ
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˵ζлһ˿޵ϲɫ̴ȵȻ˵ǲһ˭ں
ԸȻ͸˶Էƣֻ޷˵ѡ˽ܡ
̫˸һĻľħ죬һƬ󡪡
ħģ
æ
ɱζȴǲŲæ˰ֵȻЩңۼʵҲһʦˡǱԣһܹȻɳ壬ҲԸⵢ̫ʱɣ
ִĻһЩıüͷ壺ʲô˼
Ҳûʲô˼ֻóӣ᳤Ҳ˵ʹǽָˣнյĳɾ͡ԣȻάǾͱȱóĽΣ
ζƵ׳Լ㣬ȵͽ
ǣʦ𣡡
а̤ǹһ˿ŹֵЦݣް־رȭδʦ֪˺εȸͽܷ֮дһ
ɫһϾ𲽽Լܹľ磬ѾΪˣоӣ
ʵϣһֱԼӶ࣬Ҳû̫ϵͳѧϰʹʺĵ̵ҲǺ
ôòҲֻǴŻƤʵûеõӽ̵ӵֶΣֻߣ󱲣Ҳֻͽˣ
ζϵֱƵǣʦͽЦ
öɳ֮кձʮǿЩӦеޣµع۲һ
ӵҪ
˫ȭգԿ֮ʱٿȻһȻ𣺡ʦֻǲԸռı˰ˣȻҪԵӴԣȻ֮Ըֻǣϣ֮Ҫ˱ǡ
һӰǰ
͵̧ͷȵؿǵӰһ˿˻ֵ̿ĸм֮ɫ¶˵޳ڡĴڣԼܣ޷ƽ鷳ȴҪ۵޳Աݡ
ԣкЩΣ
ţ
ζ˫һһ˿Ű֮ɫؿһ޳֮Ѿˣ֣ĵӺİһԿ̫һЩǼӵͷΣ
аϵʦϾͱΪ˼ˣЩҲϳܵı£Ҫóע
ߡһЦ
鷢չ̶ȣĻв׵ĵϺһ˵ϻζ㿴ĳʲô˵ǣȻǰǷõõ
ζһＷңƵִӦԣΪľһŶע
ʹ죡
˼ζްѿ֮ɫЦҲҪ˵ֵõ˼꣬ҵһЩȤ
üͷһ壬ó꣬Ϊ޳ǧɷʵϣߵȼ꼫ΪѵãõЩҲǻ˶꣬ҳһЩҲǲܡ
ôòֻƣҪңЩ鶼ˣҪƱ԰ɣζͷһæｫ֡
ԲƳ٣ǣҵҲȷʵѺľ
ֲԷ˵ǼҵǿñĶ桪㿴ҵ̫Σ
ʲô
ζԭȻΪҽѣǵ˵̫֮󣬲͵سһ
Ȼ󣬵̫ȣС׼ףȫֵһˣ
㣬˵ģζ̰ȫԴ裬ϵڱԼˡ
Ȼ
ֵ˵ͷҲǱóһЩԵ֮ǣ
䣬޳СζȻƷѣ̫ͬСɣǷ
޳ӦͻȻҪ̫ҪǸ


1074 ͨʸ
ţ
ѭָʾȥ޳ע⵽ζһ壬֬󣬼ֵӦΪơ
ǣ߶ԣ䱦ûκôⷽ弴ʹϡʮҲȵһΪͨ˵̫Ტˡ
űˣҴһɲеϢȻʲôôֵ±ӡ֮ǷͬСɣһ̫Ա⣡еص
̫ת裬ԽǸߵȵԽܹǵΪܲЧҲԽá
޳תСܹ֮õζ̫Ҳܽʵһ̨ס
ǣӲĽ飬ʤ֮ȡöЧ塣һԤڰӵд;ܿӴˮһա
ˣ޳ǰףܿ촫֡
ֲؿһۣɻ󣬵ɵصζˣҲҪʲôֻҪ㽫öóǡ
ţ
ζɵؿһŵ壬һСҪġʱΪǼɵƣö塣
Ҳ֪ΪΣĵһ;ͶԵúܡԣΪҪЮӲǽö˵洫
嵽֣Ħ֮£ʼղзֳκε쳣ֻǽ֮УܹȻһ˿˿Ϣ
ԣЩһֱ䣬ʱҲȷʵ˲ħ֮⣬ö岢δչֳκε֮
ȻЩңΪǽȻҪζΪ֮κꡢ̫Ҫùأ
ζв²⣬ΪǶɣֱҪ̫˿о⡣
ǶԷƣȻҪ壬õвòˣ
ζ䲻ĻҿⳡԻ˰ɣΪѡΣƢԣЦ
ϡ֮У۵һ˿ζȻ
ūţ֪Լ䣬ԲȹŪֶΣͼƵߺߣҲ̫СˣΪ˼Ҷ͸ô
֣ѣһȻҪģұϣЦУζָһƿշɳڰ֮С
Ҳߣͬʳָ̽һ˳ȥɫȥûκεȻԴвһȻ
ħ̫ľͼ¼
ÿһҪӴľԭǴ޳ܵõõ̫󣬱㽫֮衣
Ϊ;ζս˳
⸱ᣬζжʱһ̰ɫֻҪõ⸱ᣬΪٶȻý;иһ㣡
˿ǿе̰ѹ£ͽȥֵָĵӰɡ
ʦ𡣡
а껺߳ǽζ󡣵һǸǧɽˮÿһҪããǧ֮ࡣ
һңԶߵìܹ۸г飬ܵҪѪ
ңһСɵĻʼ裬ת֮䣬γһ磬Űס
һ棬˷ֱ治ʵλõϢ֣֮Ʒתûһ޴ķ󣬳޳

˫üٿȻһЩԾɫ⡰ζĳת֮ʩչޣӲһɽկ˻þ֮УӶɱ¾
֪жôֲ
СӣµѾûлΪԼ޴ˡģҲҪֻὫ־ģӴ֮ΨǴӣΪūΪͣ
аϷ֮ɫӿգϺһڣҸһᣬ֪ҵ֣պͿԾһūŵı֣ӱ˵ס˵ǡ
䣡
Ļûл˵ڣֻһ񺷵Ӱɳƾվһˡ
·ŭ˦β޳һΣһ޳صسа֮ϣ
аһ֧ڴؿڣԡһ˳ȥ
赭дվΣ޳ʲôûص˵ۣĮȻؿаһۣûǰͨʸ񡣡
׵ӣ׵ĳŪ
Ҫκηϻ
ֻһУҪܣ


1075 ɱ
֣̫޳ˣ
ζŭ˵ǱֻǱԵӼΪ㾹Ȼɷ֮
ղ޳ֵһɷ֮Ǵ
ǡ
ȻһЦҲԴϬ֮ЦҲ֪Ϊѵɷ֮ͲΪˣԼͽ޷Ӯ棬ֵܹ˭
ζѾղԼе©û뵽־Ȼˡ޳ܡ
Ȼ֮ıԣôһȻΧչҪ˵ȫǱ̨һĹ
ǣֵӵΪһƫƫֽκëΪҪǣû뵽޳һ־Ȼ˿ͣκη
СӣľսѾﵽ֮
ζޣͷһξЩʧˣԴڶ޳ʵսƲ㡣
˾ˣζ嶼䲻ɣһΣֵＷˡ
ۿζɫ콻ӣֲٶԣֻһֳöץ˹ȥ

ۿһ̾Ҫ֣ʱζһϺȣָ̽һâʱնֵ
˵ζǺߵһ֣ʤֳҪҵ壬δ̫˰ɣ
ţ
ͬʱ޳һע⵽ǱԼɳȥа꣬Ȼӵ
޳ЩȣԼղһ꼴ʹΪĵƣҲҪһꡣǿսס⡣
ƴΪΣ
аվֱ̺Ӷŭ֮Լɼһ˿
ͽ
ζ޵۶ӣ˷ΪұӦеıɫ㾡ȼ˳ְɣĸӵܶΪʦշ
޳֣͵һΪа֮ػҪվΪΣ¶ֻ˱ĺɫ
ζǱȥ
лʦ𣡡
а깧ʩһѡûԸȥǣԼȼˣǽҪѣ
ԼȻζĵӣ˵ԼֻǿʱӰˣȫûаʦͽ֮顣
СӣΪӵһЩߵֶΣܹˡǿǰʲôǣɣ
аһһöü֮ɲʱŨҴĿĹâбոǸþٶȳ֣һλþҪǿҪʤʮ


1076 
Ҷ
һȣаʳָһ㣬Ļ궸ȻתХǻ۳һƵĻƺƵѹ޳
һϢɴϢ֮УգۼѾռ価֡
ţ
͵سһһǻǿɱУȼĻȻǴﵽתв֮
Ϊ㣬ǿҲƵԺı׼ҲĸߡƩ೤ǿǷ򣬸Ųת
⡰ǵõϣʹԪ֮УҲǻʵת
֣ͽĻʩչΣͽƾֶοɷֵ٣ǿЦΪޣȻֶβȥãȥһЩѧϰЩֶΣ
⻨ɱκε߽ǿߣղ޳չֳ٣ζʤȯգյس
ǿõʲôֵóƵֲ֮мصζоǱĵ˼㡣
˿ģҲ޳ӵеĿֲơʥ񡱣ʹֻǱսҲǻɱ
ңаȼ˲ŻֻҪŹһʱ䣬Ȼǲܼȥ
ܹеԸ֤ҽͽз֣ҪǼʲֱ˵ζ
ֺһ޳֮ͽ֮˵ڴʱǷڵĻȫ̽٣޳Ǹûа취㣬ǻֶȫһ˿϶ǲ¶
֣䣬ҿԿǷŹⰮͽһζΪ⡣
ƶɫɢȥһ˿˿֮ɫ¶ճȼ˵һ޳ӦúԥضǿֶΣɱ¡
ǣ޳ȴʧȥ˵ֿƾǲþ£
޳սʱΰ׵һĻԲǡ
СϾʱж̣鲻㣬ԶԿȻþ
һˣֶʱһһ뵵ĹâĿٳ͡ʱһζλζ࣬һںڵӰγɣ͵سץ£
֣;ô
Ȼһǿ͵˵ը֡⡱󲽡ʵζǲ֮䣬ҪǿͻƶԷķҲ졣
֣Ҫ֪пˬ䣬Ȼİͽһ·÷ԣ˽̫󽻸֮⣬⻹Ƿһ꣡
ζǿȵ
㣡
ɫǣ㲻Ըͷǿǵ޳һҧʹӦ
ٿȻ
¡¡¡
޳վ֮ƬƬ꾹ǳֳ˼ȵĹ֮ƣ·ʱпܱ
ǣζĵ֮ƶʱһȫ֮ϣһ˿˿Ȼ֮ɫȻӿ
аȼȫ߶֮޳ȵطһ˿˿Ϣܹ͸ʶĳֲǱص
лãΪ棡棬Ϊã
һֱǱйҹΪĿھ޳ǿҵ
ɲʱĻþģҹҲʶþ·Ǳѩգʼ˿ٵڣѩһ㻯γһ㣬ʼкǰ
ҹεУǿҵŻþ֮ӿ롣

ҹһƬƬõȻһý̳ɵСˡ
ʵ
˿̵ҹѾǼΪӽʵ壬һһ̧֮䶼Ȼпѹȣ˷׺Х֮
̷չúܿ죬ҹ֮޳˫Ȼһһը
ʱֱҪԡ
ƣ
޳һϺȣҹʶһꪺմ̳ԵһǱĻ

֮·Ϊ۵ĵ˼ʯ飬鿪
ۣ
һѪа꺧Ȼؿ޳âõҹ𡣺ðΣ¶Գοĸӱ飬͵浹ȥ
֮ʣҸ𣡡
޳һе˼
аȻԼ֣֮ʵϱģȴζ
ζǿбҲǾƲӲгǿǰӶʧ
ҵ޳˵ͷ
ˣаתȻȥ
ζԸķ䣬ɣִϲ۹Ƿףղ޳û㹻һҪͻƣ
Сڻ֮£ǵ𣬷ǵõ˺ôʣǽ̾Ϊֹ
þ˵
ؿһ޳üģҹ𷢳һȻתǾһƳ֮£Ҳ𺳣
ɨ޳һۣɭɭһЩħ㵽ǴӺεħʲôϵ˵


1077 ᳤
ζһףҲǱŴģҪǷҪŪЩСҾ档
޳ǰü֮˸֣Ƭ޾ޱ߼ʵĺĵĹâһĹŵϢӿ
֣Ҫƴɣ
ζһѹ޳Ϣʱնءת޶ԣΪ׾ᶯá
һ־Ȼʹ߶ˣ֪¶˺־ġζ˿ɣԼӲҪֵĻԲϧԼƴһս
ܸоֶ޳ĿأζҲ뵽ԼġӡȻӣ
ߣ֣ħʹҽأպҲضܵʿСζ
ġ
ͣǣҪע̾ʹˣ
ȻС裬ʹƴȴҲһҪá
ζУϸۿһ£Ͼ׷˶֮лЩᡣǣԹۣӲֲ¡ͻᴫ
գݺݵһҧ㣡
һӹ漴ݸ޳
̫磬ż֮һˣһúˣһݻζתɳء

ʱһХʺеڣż᳤֮£ûҪõĵطˣεκ˽Թκιǡ
᳤
޳͵һ
һֱһζʱǲɫһ䣬Щɵ֮ɫ¶
ҲתˣԱƺһڡ˿Ϊ飬֮ͨȻתΪѹֵķŭ

·һεһɫ۵ӳڰգĲν˶ǳǿı΢ʱճ˸ֽļ⡣
һ֣ϸ˫ǻɨʵʵӹ徹üۣ
᳤
᳤
ʦ£᳤
ʥת۷᳤
޳Ȼ˿ֻеԴʱΪҪ²и
᳤ķˣƾ
Ｘ͸ǵĴڣһֱܾۼߣ˵ע⡣
֮ЩпӵʶȻɢ٣Ҳûһ˸ҺҴ̽
᳤⻰ʲô˼
ǿѹǰζ̲סһʵ
ζҲһ뢣װɵֶδԵ̫˰ɣ
᳤صһۣǴ촰˵ɳ޷ǾҪõ̫ͼ¼ͼ¼ҿװ׵ظ㣬ûķݣԣھͿˡ
Ե
һ仰Ҳݲζ⣬·˵ľǵǹ˱أ
ߣɳ壬ܵɳ峤֮٣ǷʸΪɳĹȻ峤ᣬɵԽ壿ζȵ
ţҸ㼸ӣźع㣬Ϊڸɣ
᳤ϱӿһŭ֮ɫ͵̤ǰһ񺷵ѹХ㣬ѹζ
ɲʱ֮гһĻ죬īȾյľ󣬵ǹйϢܽ
֣ζ
ûʱɣȻζԸ᳤ǿƣ˵ͬˡ
ԭܼ򵥣᳤Ҫռɳ̫ͼ¼еĻᡣζʱؽǴݺ

һϺȣʶ֮ħĻ֣ǳһӰӰȻһüûһ
ǣӰûһ˿ԴȫһеĴ硣
ͷӰһ֣лɵĹâһֽɫ񻷳⻷֮ռ侹ȻʵʵҺʼĲ಻ϵܿȥ
ţ֣뱾𣡣᳤۾һУһ˿ɱ֡
ͻӵʧйأ޳֤ʵˡ߱ʦĻ֮Ǻ޲᳤ɱ
ԣʹ֪Էֶθ߳ҲûаĴ㣺ٷϻҪߣǾó㱾Ļͽ·ÿ˭ܻ̫ͼ¼ҸƾֶΣ
ȻҪԣǾҪҲ֮ˡ
᳤ȣʵҲͶӵʵӵ俴˳ۣ֮ҲǼΪӲ
˫ǿԺϴȻζѹƣʱпܱƵģ
ǣɣ
᳤ȻһȣֺջһƼٳͣ
ôİѵͬô
ʱһϵ
һ£᳤Ҳǲһ٣üͷ壡


1078 
һ£һɫÿܷ֣֮һ֧εķսۡ
ߣΪ׼ȷݣһܷбݡ棬ʮڹܰ͹𣬹Կһ㷱ƣƹâԼԼƺһֻֻɫ۷йճ͡
ǧɽڣ
䲻뻨ǧ䵤ڼȻһλӦҲԶˡ
ɳפ֮УЩעžƷչޣۡ
޳ûйעЩֻۣؿһǰɫսۣа
սۣ
ʲôСӵĽսۣǺζĹֶսۣǶֻΪķˡ
ЦζȻսƳսݵģǽЦսݣһ֮£ֱӽ򴩣ʲôǳǿһײ֮£һ̲⣡
޳Ļͷڻս֮ʱ˵սݡʱȱֱ۵ĸܣⲻǺ̡
ϢȻΪǿķսۣڲУҲԵеս֮һΪ֮
ǧ䵤ڣҲ뱾һ᳤촽ճһɭĻȡ
⻰˵úûʹʦӴˣҲǴδйռкô뷨ôֵȨʵǰˣطøô
ЦУһӰӷսƮ˳ĲǺܸߣԼӡ
ңĽΪƤͷӣʵڽ󣬸ղǺȻǴз
һ֣ü̫֣ǧɫ۷Ӱ֡ÿһֻ۷俴ȥֻСָָ׸Ǵ󣬵Ǳǻ羧˸ŶĿĹʡ
ǣעӾˣ类شݺôһ£ƵЩԴϢ
С֣ڲһţ㲻ɣ
ǧ䵤ڳЦ𱲷֣ͬޣں֮㡣ԣڳƺһС֡ѾǼΪˡ
ĳ֮á
æǧ䵤ȻҲӲԸ¹䣬ζȫһ
ԣֶûκεĶС
ǧ䵤ڳ֮ʼնûжԼ˵һ仰ζɫÿ£ŶԷȫԼУ
ǧ䵤ڵΪҪǿһߣĵףֻһչ
ȻѾˣôػҲԶˣһɡ᳤ϵɫȫζ£ص
ಣಣ
ɻХֻ֮ƬƬ긡֣ܿ죬Ǳ˴ת֮γһС
к˷ֵأȻСһŮӡĴﵽ߳ߣʹܶӶ޷ȡ
֮վǧ䵤࣬ûκһ˿¶ȴޱȼᶨرԼ
᳤ǧ䵤ںͻڴˣ㻹Ҫ·𣿡ζ
᳤ɫ÷·ܹ±˪˫ζǧ䵤ڡڡɨ
գһ˵ۣһȺ߹Ҳ뷭첻ɣҪ뱾ǾҪñ׼
¡¡
ǿҵһ߰ɵӰӰȻģֻͨ崿ļУԵ˽ã֮
޴Ӱ˫֮һ޴˫ɫƤģǹ֮ϣһԿУԼԼвɳʱҪΪ޵ģ

޳˫һУϳһеµĴ֮Уͬ
Ȼﵽת۷֮𡰻Ҫǿ˲֪١һпӵǿ򣬶һָǿ
ǣ޳һֱΪҪһУǰͱնɱɱޣȡ꣡
ҲȴΪʵеɱ¾ֶΣǷϺǹҪķѵľ;޳е
ңն֮߻ҪԡꡱֶΣ֮ܽԱõΪǿꡣ
᳤Ҳ˵ʥ֮󣬶ŵǿ̣Žɹ

ֵһǼʶ֮ϳ᳤ֶΣһ鶼ٻǿơ
εȻڰ֮лײ˿񺷵˫Ҷײ֮£֮вϱǿı⡣
ǧ䵤뻨ڣζڣֻǿλڣִʦ¡ΪҲñС٣᳤൱һĴڰ
Ӵ˵ĴӴһģ˵շĴڣȴҲõһս֮Եʥǰ伣᳤ܹʦɣʵһޱȾ˵鰡
һ۴˶ϢڴŽ
ǣһɷ羰ͻȻ𣺡λɳ壬ɳĳĹɷɳĳһӣҰΣ


1079 ɳ屦
ɳ
նǽɫɳ
ЩɳÿһŶǻԲ⻬Ϊ飬˸˵Ĺ
򻨣ɽˮǳľ
ÿһɳ֮ϸۿĻܴп󣬿еһ塣
ɳ峤
żݴϹ塰ɳ塱һ֧֧ڡһɳһ硱
֮ʱȫһɳ֮䣬õһɳһأ֪Ǻεǿ
Ҫ࣬ʮɳһҲײеĵ֣
ݣ
ɳ峤ԳΣ˫üͬ棬İ˫ϸ֧ɭȻĿ
⣬ۺǹŹ֣治űɳΪ˿ɴ¡
޳˫һУһĨ֮ɫ֣ǿ
ɳ峤¶ϢһֻȻ·籾Դʱ
벽ǳ
ȻȲǵǳǿߣɳ峤ʵȵѹʱΰһͷ
ȻǲԻ
ɳ峤ɳЦؿ᳤һεȻ佫ֵ˸뿪
ɳ峤ǲκ᳤˲Ȼɱ⣬ʵ
ɳ΢΢һЦõصɳĳû˼λ޴ʦΪСŮƲԶǲǽЪϢһȥ»ָɳ̫֪Ϊأ
֪Լزص̫ͼ¼κһתޣԣ޿֣˿᳤˦ֶȥ
᳤ؿһۣٿȻתȥһ仰Ȼɳ峤֣ǱҲ޻˵Щ˾ǽɳ壬ҲǸ޼£ΪѾȫվͿζ
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ǶɳԣǾ޽֮ϵڴܹ°빦֮Ч


1080 Ź֮
λʦԶǿͣ޳ᾫпۣλ
ɳһ㣬һλλɳ˴ĴֶǶŮӣһֳӡ
Ϊ׵Ůӷֱһֻ̣һ󡣷γһԲεĻ֣ʵʵؽڡ
֮УһֻֻԼĴָָǴСĽɫɳССЩСͨãɴĻƽɣȻ飬ϵűĳʱҪϾӡ
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ʹǼʶǧ䵤ڣǲ˿䷢˲ŵġཡ
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˵ڶ벽ѡ
ѰĿʯǶɰ벽̫ܳǳҲͶˡ
ҲǡǧɷҲ֪ҶﵽǴӺδ֮ѰȻܹһ·߼Ȼǲ
ɳͳĽᾫֵĸߣһݣ߼벽塣
һɳ˴ֱʣζҲף¶һ˿Ц⡭
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Ȼֶλ赲޳žʯ۲쵽ɳʱв桪
ֱ˿̣⵽伮ԣԪǧǺ⣡Щɳıһֽɳ֮ĹŹִڣ⴩оʯ
ܿ죬Ŀĵأɳڡ
һƵľ޴ʯײͿճһǧ֮ߵڣվǰֱͬһС
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ʮ֮ǰͿʼһʼֻζ濴һֱԲѡʮǰζʼйչ⸱ģ
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͵͵Ӧһǧ䵤ڰգҪٶϼʱ䣬ܶһЩ᳤֡а취ƵҩʱôҲǸϲˡ
ѵ᳤ֻô
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1081 ޳Ĳ
һʵ̫ͻأ˶ǲԽȥüȻǷʱвɸֳһ˿⣡
ζǺس֣ίʵ˲𰡣ôǰ⣬֣ΪǺúýɴɷ񣿡
˫üһŭӿ˱С⼸ѾΪһļɻˡ
ۿһͻԱ⣬ǧ䵤ڼʱԲеڣ˭û֮ʱ˭ûٳ嶯֮ʱѵʱܱ֤ÿζܿþ׼κ⣿
ȻΪ޳ѣҲãܹʲô
٣ֻǼװŪˣбµҲˡǣûɳ峤Ѿ⸱ģôȻ˲Ϊ˸ĸ֮ģд˻ȡ֮£ʵ˳䣡ζ߾ȫ޲ɳֶһ
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ܿһЩߣ˻ɼǿôãջһҲʵڲ˼ˡ
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Ȼ
һĵ𣺡𾴵ɳ峤ʲô˼ܲɣ㵽ڻģҪղһѣİŮ֮ģҲôȻˣҺúðһ£ɨΣ

ôһ֮ɳɫȻһ䣬ŵغֹҪ飬ѾӦˡǰ鿴ҲǸõȡǣλͷԸġ
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Сشǵ޺Ļɳ峤ô׳ǵȺôߣζֻǱ濴޺
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ָо뵱γʱһ
ͬǣܱ廹ǡʥ̥ҹǴԼɣ

ϸ۲һ޳ʶҹһþɣ߽۷սǲɶõİ֡
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ͱŵ޳̣һ¶پëſ˵Ĵˬ


1082 
Ļܹ˽̻壬Сҡ޳æ
ıǱҭһ£¾޴ۣ۵ļһ
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1083 
Ȼת
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ǽǳɣ̺˲籾ԴһΪˮԪ֮
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һˮ飬ǧɸɽ۳һǺεȾˡ
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̾ϧһԸԾѧ̫أײʾˡĻһԽɡĻҲͲֹת۷ˡ
ߣ˽ʲô˵ģԪЦ
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ٽƾʸɷ۷ǿ߶սˣ
޳⡣
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һתֵѾǼΪˣˣתˡ
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һҹ޻
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һΣ޹ģҪ˲٣ǧ䵤ڡ޳ˣ⻹дԼʮޡ
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ȵ᳤֮ǸǱų⡣ҪǶٻЩģʹظˡ
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ȣǾͷְɡεҡҡͷɳ
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ʵٶȿþˣʹǽߣҪסǵڰٷ֮һҲǧѡ
ǣһֱԹ۵޳˫ü֮ȴһ˿Ի֮
ڴʱ
䣡



1084 鵤
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Σ׼ע᳤ȫȡ
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գ˲佩ͣɳֱת
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޶ʱɵˣ˼ؿ᳤еһֳͷˣթ
˭᳤̫ܿͼ¼Ǳڱصõ̬Ϊ˾ɳȻԸôЩ˼顣


1085 ķӦ
ߣ̫ͼ¼Ȼ̫ڣײ١ǣ㹻ǳȴǿʹ
᳤鲻мһ˿ʡ
⵹һеİ취ǧ䵤΢΢Щϧؿ̫ͼ¼
νǽǳСơÿһݣγɺ̫ͼ¼ֻԭȵһСְ
λǰԾһޣÿóһǳӦò°ɣֻҩƳɹɳ峤ͼ¼ƣұὫ֮ΪʮݣȡݣŴҲɣ᳤ֵ
᳤óƵĵƣºֻݡȻǲκ󷽵ùˡ
Ȼ˴ȣҲ̫Сˡ
ǧ䵤ںЦվһ
ǵľ磬Ƿȱֻһ̫ͼ¼޷ٲôáֻҪһ㣬ǾпܳΪϵĴͻơ
ԣ᳤Լ̫ͼ¼зǵҲûбҪӲֹˡ
Ҳң
ҵҲԸ
һ޶Ƿ׷׿ڣΪٶǴﵽתгɣǼΪ۷ε
ֻƲɹ鵤ҲҲܹ쵽ˣյ
λ󣡡
һõŵ᳤˫һöһöķɳķ裬ܿ˵ϣȵѩٵȥ
֮ƣǿʼתγһơƻöܿ카ͳΪһӴķ
һԲεĹȦǷӲʱõ棬ǹκ
ݣݣ
׼չû˵⣬Щ档գ۹еĹ֮ϣѱռݡ
˵ľٶͬ޳ˣǺö˶˵վԭأŲƵط
֣ҶЭƽ鵤һڴʲô⣿ۿûж᳤˫üһһ˿˵֮ɫĿ
ûʲôⲻģֻŲ᳤ˣֲмص˵ǰ᳤ֻЩɵĻô޳֤ʵ߱ʦΪѾûаίߵȤ
ã
᳤һķͼ¼õһǰ㣡ߣˣ֮޿֣ضǴһЩͷ
תȦеޣλһҪСͼı죬һõͼ¼ɳפ֮н֮֮ٳȥǧҪлɳá
ֱĻ˫üһʣ̣ǿаȥ
Щ޺ɵؿһ֣ϵǰǶ᳤Ļ˼֡ģҲӣ˭ģ
ԶԶԣҪľĳеõͼ¼δ̫ˣ
Щԭ᳤΢ʵޣ˿һת˿ڷ磬ʼ
С֣²̫ǿܹõͼ¼Ϊ棬ҿ㻹ҴӦ᳤ɡǧ䵤ڴ
΢ЦҡͷᶨؼԾܾ
ƿʼʮ߻עⱣλͬ˵ͼı죬ɱ᳤ضһ֡
ȻӦǡ
һ޿ʼĵ׼ְС᳤ʲô⣿
֮ԶȻܾ˲μӡǳڶ᳤ĶУΪ޳룡

޳ҡͷ۵һ˿֮¶Ҳǲֻ֪Ǳ᳤ܾưˡ
ֲЦΪ޳ֻǸԼûе˵ˡƾһֱҪЩͼ¼ôͷԵţѶȼֱȵˣ
޳лû˵Ǿǡ
ӵĴ֮Уûν鵤ĵ
ԵʱǰΣ֪鵤Ĵڣûе֮Լǣûô
ΨһԽ͵ԭǣ鵤Ͳ
᳤鵤ô˵ֻΪǿɳ峤ģ룬Ǿʲô
ףʲô
޳˼ڤ룬ϧЩֻСҪڵ᳤ϵС£ɳҲδػܡ
¡
ڴʱҵĺ𣬶ʱ˵񡣲ɳɳˣͨͨע
һ񺷵֮ͨضճ˳ȥЩһŨޱȣǱȥƾ贿ܺɨһǳء
ǣڷļӳ֮£Ƿ׷תǰ᳤ϣ᳤ΣٿȻ˫Ŀȡ


1086 ıı
λǲϽ߾ȫ˭䲻ôŭ᳤з
ֻЩϥڹȦеޣ΢΢ԥü֮ӿٶȼӿ˲١
еڣҲѧǰ㣬ʵ𣿡
᳤һȣ֪󷨾кΰȻܹͨĳֶΣ׼̽쵽˭û㾡ȫ
ζһ죬֮ɫ¶Ȼ᳤õҪһ
ǣֻǺ޺޵ȭȫ߶
µǧ䵤뻨ڣҲû̫ѡֻѡ㾡
Ϊ˱ʣʣµҲҲиɣֻͿ
ʱ֮еøΪִһب񷣬к᳤
¡¡
ǿҵ᳤֮һģֱ͵һָһɫâָⱬâب񷣬ǲõǺӡ
ǣûע뵽֮УǷ̫ͼ¼

̫ͼ¼ٶ۳ʮڴȭЩȭݺݵسձȥ
ǣһ᳤۳ǿ󣬽һǳײǲȫ̱飡
ʲô
䶸ǲɵˣһֱ޳͵سһ
ðһͷ᳤ûа취ɳ
һ˲䣬޳뵽࣬Ϊ᳤˴󷽣ΪҪ˵ԭܼ򵥣ǾҪ֮ǿлƷ󣬴Ӷõ̫ͼ¼
Ҫóѣ
ǧ䵤ڵ޳һ뷨УǾҪƷ󣬹᳤
һȺڲʲôãΪԼӳڵɣ
ϺУ᳤۾һ̶˫ֻӶ֮䣬γһХϬݵС
ҵܶˣ
ңҵҲǣ
һ޷˾ĴǷԼµĹȦɢһƥؾסǣõ嶯á
ΪҪǣǷʶеȻк
ߣ
ǧ䵤һȣü֮Ĺǣˡջ۳ɽХһХ
䣡
ֻɫķü֮зɳϸۿܷ֣Ǵ۶ɣջûΪ⸱ģ
ң۷˴ӦͣչγһӴķ󡣷ɣһǿݺݵһᣡ
ԣ
ǧ䵤һ飬ӿֳǿҵʹ֮⡪
ղż򵥵֮£ܵǿҵ˺֮Щϳأ
ǧ䵤ڣȰ㻹ʵʵشšֻҪԹԵáһ󷢴ȱһ᳤ڵ֮飬Ц
ղŻڴǣڼʶ᳤ĿֶΣԼǧ䵤ڵ³֮һŵ
ۣ
ݺݵһѪǧ䵤߻ڵݸĵҩѹסơ
Ҳǧ꣬Ծ壬ǧ䵤Ȼһݣ˿ûоʧ룺Ҳ˵һʼǣҲûκνĽ鵤
ûн鵤еֻޱԴĽ󣡡
᳤Ѿȫ֣Ժؽҿڴ̫ͼ¼ǵıԴ֮󣬸ýεȾ˵ĳ̶ȣ޿Խʵֽεȳ̶ȣ
ȫˣ
᳤Ҫ֮ͼ¼ķ󣬸Ҫû޵һٻôɾͣ
ɳ峤Ҳˣûа취㻹Ͻ̫ͼ¼
ɳϱЩ˵ʹ࣬촽һ£̶
ɳ峤ȫûбҪЩ˺ֻҪʵͻƣʱһܹΪѰľ
᳤ʱ򣬼ʹûеҲƾبžΪǿѹסζ񻯡
ɳƺ˵ˣ¶ԥɫ
ۿûκοĻᣬζͻȻԸЧңԸϣ
齵ͻأ˭Ҳû뵽ôһǧ䵤ڸ̲סŭζôҲһڣūձϥ̫޳𣿡
ޣ۲ΰԣʩСƾͿݱ֮ǲϽ˳ʲô޳ܣǿЦ
ζ᳤˫ְ£²μˣףǧݣ

õڶԼ¶һūŵģ᳤ؿЦúúãǧǺòͷҺϲҾʱضúν㣡
ûζߵлһƿ𣺡δ̫ˣ


1087 
ɲʱ
һֳħ̫֣ǽ޶ڵķ
ߣ֣ǼϽߣһῴڻһ˿ķϣһִԲǾҪҽɱˣ
᳤Ǻ֮ǣղֲϽ뷨֮УҺ޲Ӱ졣ĻֻҪһС˼ֲ룬ļƻƽٱпֱʧܡ
ԣ¿˳³ɺӿͷɱӿصһֱۣɱ
ˣ
̾յļ˫һбնն޳
һ񣬺Ȼѹ֣

͵ضϺȣԺһͷֶһ֣Ĺâ۳һɨ

·ҶһϮİ˶ݵĽͣ񱻼֮֡
ݣ
Ҫܰ˴󻤷񣬼ʹ֣԰쵽ǣó䲻ֶΣʱǣסһ˲ǲѡ
һʩչط󡪡
ƾһ֮ҪתǬǧѡΪ֮ƣֻнƽ⣬ȳޣһֲп᳤ܻ
ߣܹѳ˴󻤷ĻɱΣ㻹ΪԼܹҵģ
᳤޵ıԴϾֵֹƻҲǸУ󷨸Ǳƻ
ЦһĨŪ֮⻺¶
Ȼ
᳤һޱȵĺȻ֮ɫȻӿ
֮Уޱȼᶨûκεĳɣżһš塰ԡһ˽һǡ
һǣԵȫ޹أһǵĻһ۵Ļ
ǣֺȻһǣ᳤Ȼɫ䣬ס
أ
ٶȼ죬ͷ뱾ϣһӲӵĹâֱ֮ϡžžžֱ۴׷ըѣ¶˸߸ŵļ⡣
ÿһ⣬·ɴɣ˿һ˾˵ıһձǱһ˿˵ը
ȭ
˿̵ֿȻһλŭĿΪҵֶΣǰлɱĩ
۵
һǿҵ𶯣ǰĹ󵱳ñų˿˿Ѻۣǡƿٵس˷չȥ
ڴʱ˴󻤷Ҳѵ֮йâ趯ˢ֣
λǰ֮飬˽յĳɾͣѵѵҪģЧ߱ʦλ𣿡ּߴ
᳤ɫһ䣬֣㾹Ȼߵڰݱڣ
һΣУ˲漸ȵ豾ߣ赤ʥ죡ڱţǻʲô
߶˴󻤷ֻĿһ񱻳صҧһڣ˫üһ壬иֳһ˿֮ɫְֺ֣ڣˡ
ߣ
ǵֳֻǿԺһУǿ񺷵ˣصײ˽ϡ
һײ֮£ַһźĵҩصߵ֮ϣ
¡¡
һҵıըǷǱó˸ɶ
л֣ܵѴѣһúñ̨ǧ䵤˫һסת˲ŵĻᣬ͵һ᳤
ȻΪ֮ޣ޷еǽǲ֣ǲ̫ѣԸ᳤
ΪԼܹ𣡣᳤ŭ˫һѹһڳĹâ֮㣬ٵؽЩѹ촷ۡ
֪ҵȣָΣ
ʣµҲ˫ܹﵽΪĸ֮һʶӿץסת˲ŵĻᣬȻ
Ȼƽÿֻܹȫʢʱڵɡʮվ۷һֱ֣ơ
춯أ
ʹ᳤ӵʱһʱҲ뽫֮ȫѹơ
¡¡¡ֻǲ·нѣεĹ߸ߵع𱳲ҪǬƷ

ƬƬľʯը飬Ƶ裬طķĻɫһǿ˵úڵѪӱӿ
Ҳǲи֪ڴһ٣һǲϧس˷
˫סˣ
йâΪ˴˶ŵĹϵȫһƬң̫ͼ¼ҲֹͣȻγɵơ
һȺǻٳıΣһеĺôҪ˱ڣ
ЦУһʵӰһֻĴ񣬺ӹգ̫ͼ¼


1088 ı
ͻȻ
˭Ҳû뵽ԭоȻһֱ˿ţң͵סӡ֮ǰ᳤ı¶һٽ˵ȫǣס޷ӦϢǱء
ֳ֣޷ʱ׼ʱ͵س֣ʱİգԼԵĹڳܼ
ڣ
ʱ֮˵ȫ֣һ£֪õĺëܶɣܵϣõȻһֻӴŵӥ
⣬װҲޱ֣һƬ䣬֮䣬ࡣ
ɫڣ촽Ҳ׺һ飬֮˹Ŀ
Ĵ֮ڣ
Ĵ֮УΪǿң²ͬˣǲơ
ʹӣҲֻסȴûа취Խ֮շ
ع
йֽУһץ˰е̫ͼ¼δǿѾǸմٵһ
𶯣
̫ͼ¼ͨ嶼˵ĸо·һɽ˵ǿ
ʵϣ̫ͼ¼Ҳ˿ѷɫڸɽķҪԶԶѰɽﵽʮشɽϵ
ӡ𣡡
һŭͨʹâǣļֱ۵ȴ鼡Ŷ𣬺һʯɡ
ٿȫһʾʯɵľˣÿһ鼡֮ϣ̺˰絽˼
˫Ѿ̫ͼ¼ıԵ֮ϣͼ¼֮еǳıãصþˡ
ǿ񺷵ѹȶ£Ŷͷ϶ը֣
ȫעǼ̫ͼ¼֮ϣްע
ʱ
ԣ
һըֻһɫɳͻȻûգһӣ͵ر˲գÿռ֮г˵ơ
ɳЮ֮Ȼڵıģ
ã
֪ڵΪ̵ɣֻҪ᳤ܹ޶пο
ڣɱƾճ֣ǳں޷֮ʱܶ㣿
ɳͿСӾĲʮնΪҳ־ͿԵóҲίʵ̫ˣ
ЦУȻƽһšһտʮɣصһȭ˷ɳ
ȻղȫעͳͳαװΪľɳ
ɳӦ裬ɳʵҪѷɫһһơһȴǹǿԺƴľǿĵ̡
أ
ɳһ֮£ͱҵ÷
ڼ״촽һ֣ЦȻ޳˫һСģ
ݣ
ûڷӦסɳĺɫϢѿһֱԵӰȻ͵վ
ǵӰ˫һһǿһֻСɵصӡڱ֮ϣ
ۣ
ȫû뵽һУ¾Ϊܵȥ¶ȣҲû˻²ɳȻö˶˵ģѹûܵζ˺
ûд£ɳΪǴ壬Ӻޣ
Ϊһȥ𵴡Ӵ֮󣬽ɳ֮
ɳϹ۰ɳ˾ȫȥҲù࿴һ۰޷ŭ䡣
ɳһԲֻǽס촽һΣڡ
ݣݣ
ɳһһࡢƵڡղƾⶫõˡ
ⶫʵĺǣצһС̣ԲϵŶҺ
ɳ峤ټħǣڻ̫ͼ¼Ӧô
ɳӯӯȻһЦֻңӦеˡ
䣬Ȼؿ᳤ͣεɵòպһΪټ
л˿佱᳤ص
ʲô
һ£ڶжǴһ˶ŵؿ᳤
ȻƺɳΪˡ
Ȼ򽻵Ļ᲻࣬Ҳ᳤ĸߣǸʾ֮
ڣƺɳΪˡȻаΪѣһĸԸ׳Ƴļơ
⣬ô£
䷢ȫɶͷԡԭΪ᳤Ūıɳһ˽ȥ
ٿƺɳ峤ͨһ˫ıߡٿɳĻĺ֣
ʲôֶΣܷΪƸΪ꣬ٿһı
Ϊ˵鷢ˡ


1089 ϵ޳
ɳ᳤˵仰漴תɳ㻹ɱѵĴ𣿡
Եǣָʹζǳ֮Ũ
Ů
ɳΪȫһֵߵǬôԽܡΪԽܵɳķӦһȻɷ֮ĵɱڣ
ǸģڱĲУɱ֮İ
ɳСˣ
ڱĴðղűħǻеĵطڳ׳һƬ࣬ϵðδ߶˿޷֮
ǵһֽ˹趼ҪΪ촷۵ݺݵش͸£
¡
ҧݣƴȫǿɳԺһУʩչɱ֮УٿȻ
ž
ħٶϮϢڵߣһȥ

ŭǿһйɳĹ漴ЩƣӦԡ
ʮ֮ۿڵԽԽ磬ҲǱóٻɳиֳǸ֮ɫȵǸˣ
һϺȣٶȻûɳ֮屻γһɫĹŭڡ
һʵ¾һɸɽΪ飡
һѸ磬գ֮䣬ߣ
ɳҵǲɳ£ݲĲ޷ǿҵŭ
Ȼ֪оʲô飬ɳı֮УǰΪҪĽɫ
ԣЩеޣǽ֮ǣ
ɳ֮ƺƵس֮Уֻڱһлɱ
أ
ͻȻһӵն֡ڷ֮䣬һֱֻۿĳصǰ
¡¡
춯صֻǵ޴Ĺɳ͵һͣ٣ײͭǽ֮ϣصת
ʲô
ɫɳɢɳӰɣ˫˼ؿǰӰ
Ӱʯ񣬳Ĭ࣬ȴǴԿٵص
ʥ
ͬͳһĻڣѾǱű֮ˣȴû뵽ձȣ
ʶرȭл̨
лĻȫҭ˻ȥ۹Ȼһ۱㿴ǰǿܣֻǣʲôĿܾȻӲֿ벽ǳǿߣ
ңʲô˿ʹȿܣ
Ҳ˵ɻ󣬲ܿ죬ǵɻ󱻽˿
ʥɱ
һϺȣ˷֣ʥһ̤Ȼɳ֮ˣȻǡ
꣡
ģԭ꾹ȻǿĿܣ
ڷ֮еǸһռֵ飬û뵽ؼʱ̣ȻܹٻǿֶΣ
ǧ䵤ڣջʾ֣Ҫ׸һĵӡȴû뵽һ죬ӾһǶ֤ˣǵ׸ӵоǿֶΣ
תǬֶΣ
أ
ħٶϢϮǿĹֱʥϡǣһĹ˿Чʥسһ˿һҲûˡ
ߣ
ɳзһߣȴǴǿҵ֮⣬һ֧ʸ
һƺҪ޳Ӽǽתͷȥ̫ͼ¼ӣˣѵ̫ͼ¼Ҳƽϣҽ̫ɣˣ
޳ȻΪ֮ǰ᳤ҪôϷԭɳȻõ̫ͼ¼ǱһҲûа취Դ򿪣
֮ڶֻ֣ͼ¼ˮ
ߣ
޳һȣʥ˹ȥֱŮ
飡
ûʥ˳ȥ̫࣬ɳħȥ
Ȼ޷ٶʥǰ˺ǣޱǿ󣬿԰ɳֵѹ
һʱ䣬Ӱսһţû˿ѳɳѾ̫ͼ¼е̫ȥ
ƴˣ
޳һҧλһ˳ȥǧ㡰ղȫʩչﵽһǧɵٶȡ
Ǽǻöǽ׷Ů󣬳̫
һĻһڱ޶ǽŵô޳ʧܣŮȡ̫ôʵܿͻͽȻȫ֣˽ҲûзĻᡣ
޳ԻʤǾмĿ԰ȡʱ䣬ӶӮһ֮ս
˵Ŀǰ۵ܷԱȫȫ޳һˣ


1090 Ĵ
ɣ
޳޷ʩչղȫ߶ʮĵ淨աһ̤ռ֮г˵߲һزͬΪһƴն˳ȥ
޷Ϊ
޳ǽ˵ţҪ˺һмȳɹ򣬶ܹȻǿңֱӽնһʵεĿռ䲨
һߣХ𣬶ҵسɳ
أ
һƵɳ͵һ٣·ǳܲǵȺȻЩɱ

ɳһ߳͵վס壬޳ߣŻҴ£Ҷƽϡǣ֪Ǳ䱾ĻǾҪˣڣҸһᣬֻҪúõ˳ȥĿʧҿһ
ǣ
޳Цôҿ㻹ȵԼɣǷܹס
սѾɷ߽٣ɳȻأǱʵǺǿ
Դ˹֮ʵûʸ˵ȿ񻰡
ȻˣǾҪԹҲˣȥ˾ĵٺú÷ʡɣ
ɳȭ͵һһöĸֵաըѣһֻСɽСʨӳֵգʨӴبǰ׽ȥ·ȫס
ߣȻҪҶúò״ġ๼ɳȡ

ܹزľֶΣһ֮£ʲôǳֻܻҷ𣡡
𣡡
ʨһ˹γһˮƵΣɿس޳
ţ
޳һʨӵȻǿ󣬵벻˵ǵȾ磬ǲ˺ܴ롣
㻣סˣԭֻǷðôģҲ˼߳ŭ
ǲԭԤǰǿٻʨޱȺ£ʵʵؽ޳棬޷
ʵѾǴﵽ˰벽ǳ۷壬ȫԵָɱ߽ߵǿߣ
ɳȻֶΣʧˣްա
ϧˣ᲻ʵﵽ߽ܹ֮ǵȽţ
ϷԸҲ᳤ܱ⹷
ŭͷӿһľǵȿֲػǱ֣֮˭˿ȴң
С
ؼʱִ̣𣬵𾪵ؾҪǰ޳
֣ŻҴ£׵𣿡᳤ЦƷȻתγһ棬Ȼ˹ȥ
ʨ޳־Ŀѣŭ𣺡߱ʦϵļ˿Ӵ˵ĸ֮ҪϾһ㴫𣿡
仰Ȼûͷûβ˶ǵһʱˣ
ղ᳤ı¶û̫ྪŵǧ䵤ڣȴ͵һޱȵľ֮ɫ¶
ԭ꾹ȻӵĹŵô
ѹ֣ѹ֣
һ˲䣬ǧ䵤˺ܶ飬Ϊֶ̬Եùù֣ȫʦԴӡ
Ϊܹӵ˾˵ʵ
ЩĦìܣ˴˼仹йǧ䵤ڶӴԣ˾⡣
Ҳӿ˾ž޵ĵӣ
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᳤ĺ޲ɫһϾģֻǳŪؿһ֣Ϊ϶ΪͽĴô㣬㲻ʲôĴ󣬿Ǵ÷ǳǳװ
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1091 
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֮ϣʼдƬƬʯɰֱ䡣ȻǼɳΪԻʱɣʱ֪꣬Ѿ޷ǵȿ񺷵
ʨԽԽ΢ΪĽ£ʼһ˺ɫľ顣ЩõȻˮɵżҲԭһ˿һİɣ

Ȼɳ¶ޱȾ㵵ɫʨ񱻻ƺΪԾķ޳ĹֶΡ

ղţ޳ָ䵯ĺȻ˺ʱ潫š顱޳ʱ˻ЩĪ
ڣףԭ龹ȻãԵһǿĹ
ССһź鱬ɵǿɱֱһǧɸߡɽ͵ըҩƾ춯ء
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ң߹ǧ򱶣ű޳Ϻ£ղžһռֶζѱƽ⣬ɳԵЩЪ˹
ϧٸ߹㣬Ҳֻͬɥ֮ȮһӴܡ
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1092 ⶫһ
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ζһӿ룬ԭ󡱵֮ǣһӴǧʯɽ
ָоζǼ׵ؽԭ֮е
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޳͵һ𣬿ѪԭѹǱһɽͷһ£Դ¡¡졣
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ɳЦؿ޳ȴûаЦ⣬еֻݶ֮ɫҶǲò׻ܶɾȫ㣡ҵļɲôܵģǾҪ鷳ԳԵͷˡ

ͻȻСү֪ˣħһѹ׵ľѧɸߵȵħʩչȫһ֮£ΧһȫɣɳԶԶûдﵽȾ磬Ҫǽ󣬲һ
ˣ
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ڶؿ
ԭԶһ̫Ҫ뽫֮ҪıԴҲޱȿš
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ħһֶίʵĪ⣬˿˿۵ıκһڳܵȫ̽䣬ǲ֪ƾʲôֶΣܾ׼ҵͻƵ㣬ɳ᳤
;Լ⣬ͳɹˣ۷ޣҲڴ˱һ򾡣
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ԭΪʵ̫ǿֶνʹǵǿߣ붼Ҫ
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ȻǴģ̵ʱ佫ԭǿͷųӶһٽ޳ѹ壡
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1093 Ц
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1094 Ů
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⻰һŮ˫üһšŭӿ


1095 󣬳
ߣ㻹ûǸʸסң
޳⻰ҪǿнǵŮӵŭ
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һŭ֮ڴˡ

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޳ȫˣΪɳ峤Ըȫ壬᳤еޡ
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ղſۼҹо뵽ǵҴҰĶ뵽ǰɣеͷ·ˮƵģһʰ
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˵ʵղһգ۹ˡعԭͣŲȫ

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һ쫷޳ʶȻ


1096 ĸ
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1097 ᳤
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ŮʩչĻɳʶԵֵȴɻ⡪
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䣡
ɳ֣޴ɳ֮ȭͷݺݵ£׼󷨵ĺġŴ˴Ѿ֤ǽΪ֮һѡλûаֵĳɡ

һըƵֻʼһѣִƼޱ޼ʵӳȥܿǲĴ
ȫ֣
֮Уǧ䵤ڴ˫ֺһչһƬɫķüķɳٵγһƽ
ڶһ·ϺХ𣬷·춯õķǲ
ͬʱڣվɫᡪ
У᳤ڽڻſֵס޵ķˣ˫ƾ֮С
ԣɳľƽϼһ룬һǷΪ˵룡
ӣ˲ת
ɲʱ޶Ǹо֮ܵȻһͣǵָ˲ɡ
ѹֵŭ˲緢
˵Щ޼ƴȫ乥ݿƿǰ
ۣ
᳤˫һԲεĻķɳȥҲʵޡˣֽҲǵ˲Ƭ̣ǺȻ飬̰ǵصӿ
һѪؿǱشݺݵһǣԡһƨط𣬺һ֧ݵһ¾ԶԶط˳ȥ
᳤һʧأĻҲǸԼ֮£һԴе棬˹ȥ
᳤죡һ̣
ǧ䵤һһſŽɫķɶ֮䣬ķеķλϷء
һЩޣҲԷǰվһ᳤ߣ

Ϊޣ᳤Ҳ֪ʮѾתɵ޶ʲô³οȦ֮⣬⻹жʮȻγ˰ΧȦ
죬ǲᣬҲӣ
ԣʼЦЦдһζ
ǧ䣬ʲôʸԱ˵ĻҪСӻ£ΪԼܹӵѱڵħƣ᳤͡
ǧ䵤ɫһղŵȷʵˣ޳֣Լûаѡ
òϣ᳤ָļƻίʵ޷죬ϧһͷţӲԼļǣ޷¸һǿƻı
᳤һ仰ѹסˣתͷ޳СʦܣҪȺӹ׼һУ㲻ҲҶսһУһ֮󣬲ʤܣҶᵱԾ
޳һۣ漴̧˽Ųǰ
С
ֵĵĺ˿ûֹ޳ֻ̧ǰ޳֮ЩΧޣʼԷÿһͨ
ãе
᳤޳Ͻӽһ˿֮ɫҲԽԽŨڣ޳ʮʱ˫Ȼһϧ̫ˣʵֻ֤ʧȥӴ֮ް㷭֮
ལལ
ǿҵˮڶ᳤ֻ֮һƵĹâȼն𣬳ҵŹ⵱޳֣
з춯صĿЦΪҪԼսô㣬̫ˣ
᳤һԵϢǣڴ߶еҪ޳ɱ
ȲΣ޳һЦһĮȻЦ⻺翪ҡɢ


1098 ص
ԣ
һ³·ֻá䡱һ
һë׵ӰͻȻ᳤˫֮Ͽŵһֻ۾һִֻĹ˳ȥ۵һǳػ᳤Դ
ۣ
᳤Դ·ƤһӣϬļХд˳
ޱȣֱӴ˶Ĥ֮У·һĸ

᳤ܴػһԭȻسײҵĹһͷ˳
еһ˲ȫ˳Ȼǿ˿ܿƣҲԤһ޳
־ŭСҪɱǣ
СƤһͷִβڵˢˢˢؼ£һͣ漴ëʧ
ȫ
᳤ѾˣҪеұܶһ汳һ
ǣһӰͻȻӵ˳ûΪģĹӰһˡһ֮£һë̺ľȼĴ
᳤˵ó£Ӱɡ
Ӱ
Ӱཡ᳤ת۷ޣΪˣԱ֮еȫ¶ǿҵþˡ
ЩһرӰɣõϢ
٣٣߽٣˽٣Ž٣
գ۹򣬷ӰȻԽѰǿ߲֪ҪܿԽĺ蹵һٴﵽ˰벽ǳ֮
ۣ
ܵһ仯᳤ŭһѪɫޱί١
ȻЦţ᳤޳ܺãϼһˣ˵ûʧۣһüթСӣ
޳ƽؿӽ̵ʱ᳤һΡĸɽ
ʱԼǰǵָɱϣ
ʹˣжûж޳Լ𣬱̫
ǣ̶¹ȥǵȴѾݺݵزڽ¡ʹ᳤ȫʢʱڣ޳ĿԽ֮ն䡪
һ߷壬ҿԽ
һţһܣ
һĻĻ˵죡
թôǺùһ߱ʦϣĹεΪͽҪã
޳֮ǰ᳤ֶٶظ䣺ܣ֮ϣࡣ
зŭҪʩչ֮׻ɱ
߱ʦ
᳤ͻȻʵشЦޱȳؿ޳ϼһ˵ô϶޴޴޿ɾҩڣѵΪɱô
ǺǣǺǺǣǺǺǣ
ѹֲסشЦţϢԽԽһ䣺޴ϼһﰡǲԼĴʲôطⱦŵӣԼʲôˣҪʲôĵ˹
ǹһ˿Ц⣬᳤Դһᣬȥ
޳۾΢΢֮һ˿¶֮ɫ
ν֮ҲƣȻ᳤˵ĻʲôԡʵӦÿš
ô˵Ĳɱ˾ʲô˼Ѿǵʱ̣һٹԼΡ
Уڿ˵ӷʲô
޳Լã֮ǣ浽һܣܽ⿪
ݣ
ͻȻһöɫƴ᳤зɳ޳һץġ鿴޳Ǹ֪дŵϢ
ˣضǵʥڡ
ƣϢ޳ĵϵһԴûзʲôǽ֮
ݼ
ʱŵĻ޳ʩ
ǱܵƣܵǡΪ𡱣ԣֻƲˣ޳УȻѡ˳
⣬ղŵľҲУӱУҲǸ޳ֻΪܵƣԲòѡ񳼷᳤
λպҪͷλ׳ҵʥڣ
޳һ漴ת֡΢΢һЦָᵯö㱻˳ȥ֣ԺʥھͰиˡ
ʲô
ִһ
û뵽޳ⷬٶΪ൱֮λԼΪ򶥼ޣ֪ʥζʲôǵǿɣκһֻҪлƿأǾܷ˿Ȩˡ
ڣ޳ͨķȨֱӽɶ˳ȥ
ǺεȾ˵
ƴǣĲڴˣ᳤ʦñҲԸʦѪʹɢɣ
޳ûиֿھܾĻᣬԴӽӴ־Ǻ޲ܽмҵͳԼ
ԣ޳ⷬҲΪ˻رһ


1099 
ǡðɡ
ּѵӦ漴֣صصұСҿܵʥڣСκʱ򣬶ǵʥ֮
޳û뵽ֵıĴˣӿ𵭵ĸж֮࣬ʼһݳɾͷ
Ҳգлᣬ֮һЩɣ
պʥκ鷳һݣ
ȻһƵ漴ڵӰƿշֱԶȥ
ղ޳ʱ֣Ҫɳħ֮֡ԣΪЩƧҲǼסݶ飬Բ˸ղ仰
շħǶ˹
޳ЦЦʧıӰͷҲһˣ
֮£лԮ֣
ǧ䵤˹صرȭ֮ǰ飬ʶ֣ʩԮ֣ݶǧĳպ󱨴𣡡
޳ǫҡͷǧ䵤ڿˣĳҲǽҰˣλ˴󲿷ֵ󷨹Ҳûпܳɹ
˴˿һ
һ޶ΧǷ׷ױԼ˼Ǿպ޳ǰ
ЩӵмΪ˵Ǳǵһŵֵһɵȥƴ
ڣǾǺĵض޳׳⣬ݼĳŵǺε֮ˣ
лλ
޳֪һεĶ飬Щ˻Ҳˣ붯ҲǲסһЦǧ䵤ڱȭǧ䵤Ƿתܾ֮ˣ
ǧ䵤һЩ֮ɫϾκһ˵йΪǾԵĲ֮ء
ǹ˼޳Ķ飬ǵͷԼһ꣡
һҲһ̾Ϣɫ֮ΪΡıӶҪһЩ磬ǲ֪ꡣ
ûͻƣǱ㽫ս֮
ʦ˵ǿգĿ޽磡
Ӵڵĵмӵһλ޳磬Դ˻ЩԸ
ǣ֪йת飡
ݾ޷سɷ𣬵Ƕƿеޣֵ˿һߵȵ̫
ǧ䵤͵һĿ޽磿޽磬ǿΣǿһĿ
˷ħвҿʼת
ת֮ƣһ˿˿ŨŨǳϢϯ


1100 ʦ޳
һһ磡һһǳ
δʵ࣬Ĳʵ֮δޡ
죬أǿգСнԿһ֮
䣡
ǿҵֻ֮ǧ䵤Ͻֳһ˿Цݣ˿Цȫʶȴǳһֲ͸صڡ
һǳƵĹâ⸡ֶǹâ˴ᣬһſССģ
ǳת裬ϸâ⣬·ʱпܶγһռ䣡

ǧ䵤ڻ˫ü֮һֻֻ濪ʼ˱ãǵøԲڡࡱȫʧһֹ⻬Բ
һȥǺһſžӨ͸飬Բ֮й
ǿ
վߵ޷׷׵ȥǧ䵤ڵ֮дһ˿Եľη
Ӵ֮ǧ䵤ھֳ˲ͬȻת֮תı߾
Ӵ֮սǳǿǱܣ
ܲתѾһֻżԶԣ˲֪Ҫ˶١
ˣȫ޳֮ͣ
֮ǧûպȻҲǣ
ǧ䵤˫ֱȭԴʹ޳
һ̾ΪһּߵڣǶʦŻᶯã粻νߡ
⶯ĸǿǾͷѵˡ
ǧ䵤ڲؿҲԵʣ£ʹжٵĵñʼǣҲ޷һż޳
ǧ䵤ֻ֪޳ǫ˵Ǽֿ֮ǸȴһӲŶ룬޷ͻ֮ˣ
򵥵ıȷڳҲʮˣҪûʦָ㣬մһתôֻš
޳ָ㣬ɳĮеһθ¶ľָ㣡
н磬κƽ磿
һȥҪ࣬ڷ߳𾴵̵
СܸߣҲһλ֪ţ귽ʮһת֮󣬲ʮ꣬һ·߸ͽֱӿתΪ
ܶ˽֮ΪӵڶϧΪת֮Ľٶһֺķʮʱ⣬Ž뵽תɣӴ֮Ҳ޷
һ꣬ΪԵʣ۽֮ЩεĲɣβơ
ʵҲֳڶ޹ͬдգǲ˶Ϊ̫ȻûеĴޣһҲǳصĿûдܾܿҪһΪ
ҲΪ˶ץס˴˴λᣬҪȡԭԭڣ
޳üѰ漴ҳһ仰Цһı޽磬ƽ磿
һһεĶײһǰδܹ
ǣȴǱ׵صһ˶סˡ
ȥ޽㣬ϸȴǳת޾׵˸
һ޾֮͸صؽȫ֡
ǳǿǳ
޾
һת֮ʱͬҪǳֻ㹻ǳӵСһһǳǿ
ʹǸղǧ䵤ڣûľˣ֮ǳ
һٶпΪһλǿء޳а⡣
ڳ޶ǱĿϸ¶Ϣνһ˵õȮ족ھֻҪܹƸҲܵõһЩô
ʱ֮йط֮죬ջ˫֮еƹâҲɢ
޳һľϹ񣺡лͽ̡
δ˵ʲôӿԿȻǽ޳ΪʦʦҲӣ
ۿŽ˶ǴջȻΪõ̫ĽۺĻѾ¡պлᣬǰǧ䵤ҪΪ
ǣ˶ˣ
̡
˲ţѾת۷峤ٰʮꡪ
ʦ󡪡
һ޸һȵΧǰ޳һͷм׷ԲԵߣֱӿڵĳƺΪʦѹɽ
ȿȣһұֻ֤ҪС֪֮£һ֤֪޲ԡ
޳æ
ӱǧ֮УͣԺй޵İأν𡣶Լʵ飬ԶԺܶ״ԤϣҸϸĽ
ˣ޳ǺްѣֻôһԶһһЩæ
Щ֪֮ʣһ𣺡Сڼ壬ǳٳٲűڣ㵽Ϊ


1101 շζ
ѭȥ˵֮ˣζ
һش˽֮УղҲ֪ʲô˶뿪˴󣬾Ȼͣԭء
ԣƺΪ޳Եʣ
ǡ
޳ЦƵؿһۣ²Ч᳤ôȻƺŵ̫ðɣ
ζһ䣬ȵߣֱǲ֪ν޴͸˵᳤ôܷ뿪ôԳ־ǣ㾹ȻΪҪͶᵤʥڣһʵֶΣ㶼ǿҿޣǲΪӴ˵Ĵˣ
޳ŶһǸֳһ˿Ц⣬صҲ˵ղŵĸ׳Ƴ蹦̵޳ֻܴΪ᳤ûȡһȴң
׳Ƴ蹦̵£޳ܴ
޳ÿ˵һʣ᳤ɫѿһ֡ӲͷƤ
ǣ
޳ȻһЦеԵֶοǸ߳ô棬ҵȿһ㶼ûܿԭ㾹ȻϷء
ζҪ˵޳Ѿˣ͵شһζµ㾹Ȼɻأ浱ӻϹ𣡣
Ϻף
ζûһæһޣλɣҿһֻΪңҡ
δ˵꣬㷢ֲԾˣе޶һҪ˵
Ŀܹɱ˵ĻζѱǧУĩ콷
Щ޿˵ľ޴ջ֮ʱ޳Ѿڽǵ̣ȴζ;ϡ
յļһȥ̵޹ӹȥ
Ҫ˵ζ޹ˣ޹ѼңֻҪҴѧϽ֮ģҲԥؽ֮Źһͨ
޳֣֮ҵȱɽ֮ɱ޷ԡ
һ²ĦȭƣҪǺգó׵ٻһ֮£ܽɽ̿
ʡʡɣζɲǳˣƾҲɱ
һ׷ԲԵȻܿ컰һתǰϷҲв֮ǰСһ⣬õéٿҵԸζһʹ족
࣬ǳ̧ǲǣ
ָ̧ôѵϷΪСЧͣèȫ֣ҶܲΪСò£
ҪˣҵĺСһ㲦Ѿת۷壬ʰζٺò
ڳޣκһ˵ΪǴﵽתɼϣĸվӵӴĺ
ǣΪΪ޳͵ĻᣬЩоһŹ
㣬ǡ
ζǰ󷢺ڣʱԼһվȻΪӡ
һȺ˷ܹͷޣУԼﻹվ޶˲εǿߣһͷɥ֮ȮһֻĵĶǣܹһţ
ȿȣҿˡ
վ˵ˣһζмüģڳһмĵļһˡ
ܿ죬һתСѾǵõ˵ʥڵöƵЧһӦûǴ´ࡣζ֮ǰǷ˵ҪЧҵʥôҿСԸɡ
һһھǴʹĺ⣬һ֮ˣ
ͬ
ǧ䵤ڸ͵ȻСפʥڣҲҪôһȡ
Ҳ͡
ǧ䵤ڸ񣬶ǧ䵤Ϊ޳ָΪŶ޳Ĺ۸ҲǼá޳֮£Ȼ˳ˮһѡ
Ҫ
ζɫҰףǱ֮УǴӴ֮ԱأҲûκһˡ
ŵ̬ҿԷЧҵʥڣЧ
ߣҪЧӴһ𣿡
Цȵҳϣֻһѷֽֽ
ƽǾӣԶⱳӵζҲǶм
ңҡ
ζҪΪԼ粵
˿̣ǶϺһλζٲϴӦǴұһֽɱɣȷСˣͲСˡ
ûлֺ޳飬׷׵ͷĦȭƼϾһƬڵ˷ܣ
ζͷһҲָ˻ΪԼֹˣæһס֣ҴӦҴӦע
䣬˷Ƶģһٵüܿעе
ǿһɳŮ޳˵ٿȻ
һһĨ֮ɫ֣


1102 ˷
ǰݻɳ峤峤һ
ɳ洫һϵ
޳ԭ֮ټ֪Եɳ˵ĵһʱ䣬ѾҴи֪һϤϢ
ɳ峤ΪҴ󷨣Ҫһ
ȻҪɳ֣޳Ҳǿг󷨵硣˫ǵжԵĹϵȻǲҪôʮˡ
ৡһ
޳Ӵ򿪵ͨзжϣܿããɳصĸ߿աĿǰһǷʹҲһ֮ߣ
ŵļ˶İǶۣԼλϴһǰŻֵʦֵܡ
޳ֵܣһ޳Ϊϲæ
޳Цǰˣλؾʦ˰ɣʹˡӶ۵˵վ˾Ͳ³˺ߵݣǣ̬ǲ
Ͼ˷ƱҲɷ۷Ϊ޳Ƕ̫ǷеԱˡ
ʦ޳ϴζǲ˳õҪ֣ǻ˳æΪ޳ܡ
š
˷ɫ顣ԣ˫һɣһεѹȻ޳
һۣѹ·ΪʵʵĵȻն޳
޳ü˷Ʋ޶⣬ǿУ˼ǣҲõ޳Щ
Ͼϴǰ˶һܴæμ棬˷Ʒǵ֪мǾӸµؿУ
ػΪ޳Ҫųʥ񣬽ʥԸƿ
£޳ֻǻתϮȻ⡣

˷Ƶ͵͵غһջĿеѹеɢ˼֣һ˿ǲɢмΪǼ΢֪ԳҲ˲֪ǫδĳɾҲޣ
޳֪ΪһԼԭΪԼ̬Ȳ²Ц
СүĶͲҪɳˣ
ɳޣ޳ƽ۽һڳơʦҪ֪Ȼ˵`ն޳ԡԾӣǲ֮Ҫλˡ
ۼʦã޳ɫи޳Ķ飬˷Ҳʦָ޳һΪҲܶһЩ
ڣ㽩ס֪ԼҲˣ
޳ЦЦƺûп۵˼ʵۣⷬɳʲôô
̬ȣ˷Ȼ󣬡ߡһתͷȥҲöעһΪ㲻֪ߵغ
ʦֵ񻯣ĴѰƣһ·۽͵
Ȼ˵Щ岻޳ˣ
ǿޣǼɳ֮УʦͽҪȥԭȵסѰңȻûаˡ
ƶôҵʱ˵ǿңҽǵƣҵмְա
ֲտʼʱ̬ưᡣǽӴ˵ǿԷ֣˲Ϊ˱סʦŵԸǵȾ޴޳岻ѡ
ԣŻ˵ⷬ
ˣôأʦǡ۵
ˣ
ûȶ˵꣬˷ƱǶ߳һۣҲôˣôɣ
⻰Ȼû˵֮ѾǾǰ˲޳ҽֲ
ֿ޳ҪҪæͰϷȥɳʣʦǷ档ģϷ򲻻㣬ϾܲϷὫϴֵĽһ㣡
޳̲סüͷһ壬˷ƵĻõвǺ⡪
ʦôѵ
Ҳ鼱е޳ſڿ֮Ȼ˵ֻǾǿ϶аգ
аԼϴûн޳ĻУ㽩ӲʦǲԸ޳ʹԼ֣ҲһûС
ǣ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ϷĵӸ󣬾ǿȥƷƣûʮİôܹϷĵҽΣ
˷һĻȻϬƷһ
üǰֵһȺʱһ𣬾ϲصʦԭ
ּˣɫһ¶֮ɫ
йԭϢҲֻСָ߶޽ײ֮תʹǰ޴֪Ļ
ԣ֮ޣÿһ˶һ߳Ƶľͷ˷ƺݺݳһ̬ȸӹ˼֣λˡ
š
üͷ壺ʹôɳˣ


1103 Ⱥ
ʦµĵǰˣڴΣʦʩԮ֡
ķǿǰ˷Ҳûаղŵİ̬Եúǫ

һؿһ޳Ǳߣƺ˷ƲʶСӡǣüȥ·;ңԶûй򡣡
ʲôЦ
ղСһָʵ˳Ľò׳СڣҪץһлụ́ʱȥǰ
˷ƵһЩ飬Ҳùǵ鱨Ѱһϡҩݰˡ
ʹºҲһŵҩΪر˰
ԣ֮ȫǻǷ
ʦ֪ðҵ״ӣΪӣΡ
˷ƵذҶһؽǴ˵Ķ飡
ݺݵһҧֻҪʦԸ֣ҿԷһɱҩʮļȻ
˵ǵ۸֮󣬱鳹ĮŶ˷ƣҿɣڶһλŸ𣿶һһλΪѾﵽת۷壬ʱתǿߣ
һʣǿѹǵصӿ
ԴӵõͻΪ֮ǿһ˵ĸоȫǸɽ㵹̮ƥѹ
ߣ
˷̲סƺһʵͲοԷõˡСָ㣬ΪٶȻͻơ
ߣǺƢңֱӽɱˡһ޵
ɵصͷΣͨĺôͿۡǵŹ֣Ƕԣ˷Ƹղű۵ΪǶ衣
ҴˣʦҪ֡˷ǿѹͷıߣȻػؾǲòǸдķ
ԭܼ򵥣κһת޶ֵ£Ķڡοվ۷ǿߣ
ĴڲʵǿӵеĺǾޱȡ˵һܵ˿һ
˷ƣΪѷɫˣǲʮǧԣǰλ̧ͷôܲ
ʦ𣡡ۿ޳˼ǳȷǾ޳ȥһԡ
ߣ
˷֮£մѪϵĵҲǲѵһ䣺ѵΪʦ𣿡
ӵĻ˻ȥεظ˷ǰĵس޳ͷʾ⡪
ʦΣǶ˹ŻһĻˣ֮Ӷһ˽⡣ң˴˼Ҳй֮
޳ԥһ£ʹǲĻǰͽ˿ɺã
˷ƱǱһӵĻ⻰ԹʱˣˣߣѾʮޣǶԲϵ޲ߣԳֻתɵޣоεһֿԣأ㵽תմˣ
һ˵úǿֱֱ̣Ӵˡ޳ٺõƢƢҲǾùˣԣֻεҡҡͷᡣ
ߣᣬͶӪıµѧ˲٣Ϊ⣬ܻϷĺøУڲȥ֮ʹλãǳ룡
˷Ϊ޳ͷص׼Ҵ޳Ŀ
ͻȻ
ৣ
һʮӰǰǧ䵤ڡڡ֡ÿһ޶صסȥ·֮оһƬŭɫ
˷һԼûеЩ˰ɣΪʲôһǺܷŭ޲Լļƣ
λʦǡ˷Ƴɵصһ־Ȼޱȼᶨ
ǣôӴĺҲǲ
٣
һЦĿ֮ûаЦ⣬Ŷ˷ƣտʼܾ㣬емǸ⣬ڣǸɢһ˿һҲˣΪҸողŷ֣ԭͲΪ˷Ƶĵˣǵģң䣡
¾Լղűۣû㷢ŭڵܵһ㣡
ʦ˵ﻰôûʸˣ붼벻Ĵﰡ˷æЦ
ôϧС㶼ʸʲô𣿡ֱ鴤
С
˷Ʋ⣬ƺΪСƽƾ˷ѱʶûҵԼλС
ǼޣҲŭߵӣǰ𺳣λСк֮ͨܣȻ˶ĴΪ֮
ȫ˵ôݣһ֣䱬Խɨʮ飡
ʦ֪ҵǺʱﲻСһ
Ȼ˷ƵĻסˣһըʶ
ŴԴ·סһ㣬ŤͷĶˡ֨֨
˷Ʊһһתͷͣĳλ
λСòǡ


1104 ȵ

˷ŵؿ޳һš
¾пյȥ룬Ҳ벻һĻ
ڶվ۷ǿߣȻһδʮ꣬ڳơ»бΪ֮ô
ǣʵ˻תͷʱ˵ͷλ̫ţʹоɣҲ֮ԡ
˵ţת˶˷ƣеصʹоɣԼľҲΪ壬Ҳǽ֮뾡ܷġ
޳⻰Ȼ˷ȴǱһǰƺݺݵسϣ
ԼΪǰΪڣֺԼ棡ԼΪһۿĿģϴʺȳԼٰ㲻м
ԼԴÿЦ
꣬ƾչ¶Ӱ֮ɽһǣֻҪԸ⣬ܵһͨˣһͷܽԼƷײ÷ǣ
ԼǰһҶۣǲһԼΪԷҪԼСۡ
޴
һ̣˷ֻоۡ
ޡ֡
ۻ밴վϰ߳ƺ޳ڴһ޻ʱæת˿ڷ磺ԸԳ֣Ȼٺòˣʦ𣿡
˷Ҳ˹æͷȻǲ޳޳Ȼܹõôǿ޵Ƴ磬Ȼӵй֮
ܲޣ˷Ҳ֪Ϊ߰ʵѧҪݵλ֮ණȥ۷ǣѶȽ졣
һǰǰȥİܲǾ˼ʹò᲻ӭɣȻһ޴Ц
ʦݺᣬһֱ׷ӴˣȻֵҲҪ˲֡ǣҽٲƵҩľֱĲóһЩӵǾͨʦǰʦһЩӻĹ򡣡
ߣľִӵıȷʵ⸱ʵ̫˵θˣҺʦԲ·ɽǰȥܽʦźúá
ƨƨɵϻҲһžջʲôˣҲ˼˵𳣿ҿӦúúôţ
˺ˣˣҿһʣϾǶЩӣִŵģźˣҪ˵˵ı£Ҫӣ뵱꣬ҿǴӵ͵źһҸǶչůȡ
ҵʱµ޼ƴرͶԷ̧Լƫƫ̧ߵĲ棬ź˵ĵã
һ첱Ӵ֣Ϊ޷Ǿ֤Լ˸Ӷ÷֮ӻźˡ
һȺվ۷ޣһ޳Ļᣡ
ˣ
Ƿˣ
Ƕ˷ΨһͷǳȻ鱨ޱͨʶ˱Ϻо顣
Ϊˣǲŷоˣ
Ǹľֵļһ㾹Ȼ˼ԳֻһЩٿӻգĸɱ˼ɽܲ˴ñ𣬽֮Ϊޣ
ɽӣɽ棡˼ҶһǧϹˣһԳƹӣĺ
ӣɻ䱻˵ľΪ£ӲƵɵھӢϣſڹҹϢŭ˶ԷɽŵĽơ
ڣôתȥˣ
Щ޴ǻִ˭ʺϸ޳ߣ׷ҵĽԼ˷ЩҪ޳
λУôĺ

޳֪ôӰΧȦ˳ô޸롰ԡԼԱԼʱʱ̡
޳ƵΣֻһҲĻκһˣ˵ļʣпܽһѺõдˡ
ԣֻǰˡ
ɳ֮£ȻֻһԸ飬Щޱ˻ȥΪѡ
һͱԼʱֺ޲ܽԼһµ޳סЦһλԼǲʲô
֣ǻȥ֮ܲʲô鷢𣿡
޳̶üеһ仯ħǻ
ǻ֣ζħɽ˹ȥǵ·񣬺ǻ԰
˰Σûеȵ۵Ļظ޳תͷ
һĿЦֵܣô
޳ȻʧЦһ˭
ȻҲ֪ԼһϻοЦǣ̫˼˰


1105 紫
Ҳѡ
޳ǫѷһ䡣
˷ƱɣǺ޳ϵӲĴ·Щ֪ȥ
۵ȼʦֵܻһۣջεҡҡͷ
Ѱ˽ʶһ߶˶ޣǧѣ޳Ķһ򾡣ջǵأѶǼ򵥵
Ҫ˵仯һɣҶڵȴŶ֮սʼ֮
΢˼ֵӲҪ˵仯ǲȫޱ仯ǰﾪ쵹ǻ׼ǧ֮У
ǧۣ
޳Щ⡣
ţ
۽͵ǧҰΪصܵأ˿ʦ߽һʮ㣬ܹᴩʮ㣬ܹܵ޷Σﵽ֮
޳΢΢ԾʹһΣԶ޷ǿ֮Ҳзǳ⡣
ΪǽŶѣսѾƥа벽پǿˡټϾ淨֮Ѱٲһбܻɱ
޷μսȻҲǲǿԼԷΪΣ
һΣع޷
ϣǴǿһõ֮Ĺ¹ڻ൱֮
ڶΣ޷Ϊ
һΣǱǿڣƾηƱãԿȻ
Σҷ
޷ˣһɹԽԼ־ᴩ֮䣬ԼУ
֮һΪĴ⣬Ļþɢһ棡
֮һΪգа䣡
⣬޷ǿ֮
һ־ļйһֶȿ£ӵе
Ѿ޷ţǧ۵Ƕûʲôôˡ޳а⡣
ϧҲֻǰһժͷǿۺ޺޵ص
޷ǰﾪǧۣӵнʸʱǵȵģǧЧǿ󣬽ҲΪܣûмߵ츳ҪС
һѾʮ겻˽ˣ
ʹǷǧҲǳֹپž֮ʸǧ۵ģҲȿ
ÿһǧֻ֮Ҫ;䣬պؽʶ۷壬Ϊ߳Ƶһ
һ˿Խ룬Ҳʹڵһ棬Ѿʹ˰һ
Ǵʦֻڣһһǲô⡪
һʶص뵽ʲôɣæסڡ
ˣ˷ƵɫҲúѿ
۵Ĵͣ޳֪ԭֲ񲢷Ƕ˷Ĵӣ֮ǰһʦ֡
ң츳ˣ̶̰֮£ѴﵽٵĲΣҽǧۣ޷⣡
ƷвˣĴŪŮԣƭŮӸ飬˴һŮӣֳȻ󲨡
һ粨ЩõðܵǣǶ˷ʹףһ١
ҲǴӴ֮󣬶˷ƵƢԲűЩϲŭ޳Խӽ
˵˶һڰڱԸս
ԭˡ
޳ͷû뵽ԭڲһ׮Զ˷ƵĴܴȻһֱڸǣԸ⽫֮ױ¶ˡ
Ƶʹݰǰ֮пһ񡣲֪׼
˷Ʋ˻⣬޳
̬ȷŵúܵͣΪ֪ʹ޳ΪԶԶѷɫԼƾӵеĿֲԼǲòƽȶԴǡ
̬ȡ
ܣƾɡ޳Ц
˷ص˵ͷ̬ĺãʹһҲǲ̫ʧ˴񵥱ԣʤߣпܵõġʧȥ˻ĻЩա
޳̲ס˸ۣΪ˷ƵԵ֮ˣö˶˵һ仰˵ôò
Ͼƽϣעȫ˷һ仰ȥģ
ţ
ǶۿڽˣҲǷԼλ棬˵ٽ޳ˡ
ǣ۵˵ģҪᵽֵܣ֪ʵ򲢷ȻγɣܱٴԭģǻһƬ
ʲô
޳ݺݵسһ
ʲôл磿Ǿس֮ʵ״̬ˮ綼ڱ˴˾ᣬδָ֮ʱ״̬֮²Ҫ˵ˣ¾ǿ޶޷档
ǾҪԼʲôٴγɣȻǣ浽񵥲ɣ


1106 
Ϲʱһֲսǳս֮Уʹ۰һǳǿߣҲڻҰˡ
˷ƽӹͳ֮УȻ̺һֲɣζ˲ԽسС
ǳҲֻǿΪڻҴڵս
޳ݺݵһĿ֮в¶˺Ȼɫ֮УһǳǿߣͿԳɾһ۷ȵؾڶ֮ۡ
Ϲʱǳֲս֮УǾȻʽսʸûУ
ȻУ˼Ʈ죬뵽ϴ֮мһĻʱǱԴɢ֮ʱһֲս龰֡
Уƺ𣬶ֻǿʸ
ʶ޳ǳսض֮йأ
ǳսǿڶ࣬λսλģǶ쾳ǿߣһս֮£֪˶ǿߣÿһ˶ӵзǳһƬΰ
Ź֣ǵ˵Ϲʱȱսʱ˷ƻǲ龴أȻսһΪȴڶ֮Уɢķ
ÿһŶĶӵжһʹǵԭȻһ㶼ǲı䡭
޳͵һ
ܶ˷˵ĺˣѵ˵ܱٴȻһöö
²⸦һ޳㾪ˣ
˵ʱһһĿɻ¡Ҳֻһ־ˡ
Ϊɲ
Ʃ޳һת֮ʱһ仨͸ࡣôһ仨ЩһĴ
Ȼ˰ٱֹҪƾ贿ʣѶҲΪСҲܴ̫塣
˷ԣȻһ򣬶ǿߵĴǺεȿµ飿

˷ƿ϶޳Ĳ²⣬Щ򲻹ղ򣬻ǱڤǽµأһλλǿߵĶģػٶ

޳˿ǽеľ¶ɾû뵽ԭĶ쾳ǿߣյֶξȻ˾ˣ˲ɴĦ
ңȱȻһȻԿΰˣ޳ȼ֮飡
һ֮սȻĶĶû˶硣ǣȻǵ
˷ڵƬս֮УƬսǿߵļսؿռ䶼򱬣ŲٿռϲĴڡԣ治иǴŲٵķ϶ûб̽⵽
һŶģСĿָֻ׸ǴСʹǷѾģ˿ѰҵԣЩԼԸʱ˾ƴȫҪ֮ҵϾսΧ̫㣬̫㡣
޳˫һӶ˷ƵĻһЩ˼ʹ˵ƬսĪǡ
֮
˷ƿЦԭ˴ȻԪǰѡӣҲǲ䶯ǵ÷Բٴ궯Ϊս֮дһǿڶģӴǵ֪֮˴ԣж֣
޳ڽסһһöĿͳһȱܵõ֣ɵҲž޴ĺôҲѹôŷ
ЩϢǰ򣬸ǲڶ֮У¾վ۷ϣģҲֻģ֪ԷǱȴҲ֪ʲôط
ȻվŵλòͬܿķǴһԼԶԣȻܹӴء
⣬ҲӶ˷ƿ֪һõϢ
ȻⶴĿԷҵôпӵʶĴڣҲһˡ
һöģ¾ǼҪΪ䱦֮ڵõϢʱԪΧһЩѴ˴α֮бؽǱӿ֪жپ˵֡
˷ƿЦҡͷӦ޹ˣ˴񵥱ԣҲֻϣۿԾοǰõһλԪ˵
Ҳһͬı飬ͷܽԪʱһٽһ֮ҲһǶһϧʱ̫ţȻƾֵܵ츳ǵһԣһӵ۵ĻᣬпܵõǶģ
޳ûж˵ûκκ׳¶ļֻսȭͷ
ô
ǲ֪ҲˣȻ֪޳Ҫһ


1107 
һ·ġ
ȴ˷ǹŹֵԸʵԼŶԣȷʵһĺõĽߡΪ̫ãܹнյĵλȫǶ˷Ĵ֪˶ٿĽ
ЩͷѾڻΪ˵ΪȤ֪֮Ѿܹʶ
˶Ϊտ֮ټ϶˷ȫ߶һսۣս۴ﵽ弶벽ĲΣܹмʮ
ԣ̶ʱ䣬һ˾˰ܲ
ӪӪƺӦǶڵ£ղǣϾ鱨˵ĸоӦ͵
ǣϵǣܲȻλһƬɽˮƽԭ֮СɽɽƺƽһѾĲ˳ؿԼ
ע⵽һƬɽ֮ʱ޳ȴ˫һһĨܵľ֮
٣ڽʵǧɱڲڲд˰Ԫ̾
ܹƵһԼȷʵޱȾˡ
롣˷
޳ͷ
ս۱˺ܿз˳׼ȥ
ͻȻ

һǿĵʵֻøղŻһƬ˳ɽȻһ䣡ûκα仯УȴһͷèͻȻ˿ͻ
ʮɳİɫâɽĴ漴âǣһ֧֧֮ͨɭȻزա
ÿһâ˶һػ絶Ƶâǹâնգ·Ǵʵʵĵ棬Ȼһ׶
ǿ׶þòɢ
⣬Ϊ͵Ŀռѷ죡һ֮£ˣϽܲεȿµ˺
ţ
˷ٿȻһǰȻֹ漴һĨŰɫ֮иֶ˫ü𣺡ˣ壬㲻֪Ϸ𣿾ȻٻֹǴ󣡣
ǲ̫ںΪȻǿǰѾδ˿Դ߶ˡ
һϸȥ֮󣬷۰󣬹ʸˣһҲҲ
˷ŭǣȻ˵ҵԼ棡ʹ棬ɱĿ껹Լ
ָоǼһ󱲺ȻضԼɱ¾ĵ棬ֱðõ쭡
Ǻǣʹ˼£ʦֶҲϷκʹ˶ȥϷߡ
ɽ֮Уһź۵ӰֶԶ˷ƹ˹ֱǸصȻǸı黹˿Σеֻһ㳹ͷβķܣ
Զ˷ƣʹ֮һķܣ
ˣ
˷ƼֱҪˣռⲻϵزԣֱ൱ǰȴסý롣
󻹸޳ſǴӾݵ
ŭϷ壿˭Ϸ壡⹷һĶ㽫޵нг֪֪㾹ҵ·
޵ǿߣҲǿһʹȻ°ԵÿζռŵԶǿƣҲ޿κΡ
һֶֶѪԵϵֻ籧նѡ
ˣס˼ң岻׼ܲҪȥ屻˷һһĶϼֱ
Ϊ֮ǰһȺ˹켣һг֮ɻᵽξ
ʹֻǱ֮Ҳŭ棡
ʲô
˷һЩԼĶ䡣ܰ޵ӵжôǿĵ󶼲ݵ
Ͼѹһ£ƴѹż켺һ£˵ļɵ
ʱܿܽһƬȺ֮ĳ˷Ʋţ԰޵еľȻǵ顣
ߣ˷ƣ㻹װʲôͿ飬ȻΪ֮ʣԸǵȶ֣ڻװ޹
ŭܲҿˣ˾Ӧֱӵȫɱ
֮дſ̹ǵĳޣα
ţ
˷Իѣ֪Լʲô飬õöԷ˷ŭȻһͱˣһǷʲôıʣ
ÿǷǺڰףԻ޵еʣһ˵˷ƺȵ
Ц˷ƣΪһ᷸ɵȥĴ𣿡
һЦϺȣɭȻİɫâͿգɭȻض׼˶˷ƣ
棬ţһսʱпܱ
ʱһȴ𣺡ʹһΣ


1108 һȺˣ
ŵ֮£·һŻǽ䣬ʱȼһܴ
һ֮ʣһԾȴƿ£һˮ£е˫һ侲
һߴﵽ߳ߵӣӰ˳һߵޱȻȵȻκεƣȴһȻ֮磬˱ܵѡš
ٲá
ӣǶ˷ƣһŭİ壬ǹʩһ
۴޳ͣԭ⡰ٲáǰһλ׷θΪΣ¹͡
ϸ⣬ҪһɽͷҲΪһλʹⱻܾˡ
ҲΪԭ򣬡Ӯʹ𾴣ϾûκһԸеȨֳȥ
¼ǳΪʹĻһΣȻҪõӦԴ
ӵеԴޣĻʹ϶ҪѪˡ
ԣܾ֮Ȼõʹܿġ
Ҳǳһ˿Ǹε˼˸һٲߡͷΣԼκԾ֮£ϣ
պ÷ִ磬ʵþ˺һЩڵìܣҲõս¡
󷨴򿪰ɡ
һ˻ֵ
ٲߣ
æҲǲǰһжô֣ҪǾô˷ƽȥǰһ˵ǲ̫ƽˣ
һЦ˿ΪʧĻκεĲ֮ɫֻº͵ؿŶԷŶʹƷԣǵԿ̶֮һĳЩᡣҿκ⣬ȲҪ½ۣöʹ˵ʱٴΣ
ȻֻǼ򵥵һÿһֶ·ǧŽ˲òӵǿ
ǰԭһŭ壬˿Ҳǲأݺݵһҧұٲߴ˵˴֤ȷ䣬ƾ˷νƱ磬Ҫѳͷ
䣬յƵĹâʼȫش֮С
ߣ
˷߹ǵͨһ۰塣ȻʵҲʾػصɡ
Զ˷ƵƢȻǺ޲֣ݺݽѵⲻ֪ߵغСˣǣӸղŵһԴ֮Σû³ç¡
˷ǿаߵߴʵٲߣ׷ʲô飿
˵ӣ㻹ȥһפؿɣǰ޵ͷϣָʲô
Ȱϴһ˿֮ɫԵúΪ˷ƿǡ
˷һæͷ뵽פеĴֲһʱļ٣

һפء
һƬҺľһȺɫƷӣ͵س˽ֲ֮˱ɷ֣Щڰ޵е
Ǹʲô
һĵ˳֮лɫâһöӡִƣŭȵ
ʲô
ɫƷΪ׵һλӣ˵׼ʲôߣͬ¶֮ͲڰסȥȺ޵ѪǺ޳ܵýȻֱڻװ޹
˵˭޳ܣ˭Ѫһŭˣʣµ˷׷׳İ벽粽õǰ֮˶š
ҪǷϻˣСıת˻⣡ɫƷŭȣȥ˭ҪǲߣǾ͵ǸϹѵöǵ˫ȣ
ǣ
ǣ
һӦֻɫƷӳѹǰսʵʵһ㣬صǰһӡ
˫ӵʵ൱ɫƷӵҪ٣Ҫ
ԣǱţһ˿ռƣѹòϺˡ
е̲סǴʦˣҪȫϳȥҪ֮ͬ˿𣿡
ɫƷЦΣʹ¶ʱֺͬһ˵ϻ̹
һĵӻһѾ𣺡·ԲҪǶ˵ˣ뿪
ÿһֶþȫ˵ֲĲȶޱȡشͬ߳˵ǵ֮Уǰµһۣ֮£һйۣ
Ӳ̤һһΣ۵һѪ˳أղΪ˲ʦǿг߳˿壬ʱ̲סˡ
ֲ˫һգ浹ȥ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
ڵӾ׷ȥҪֲס
ǣǸһǺµӣȻһЦΪװȥɻˣȻԼ߲Ҿһѣ
˵Уһץסֲ񣬲ѪϵĲ״͵һ־Ҫȥ
Ҫ
ڵӷ˾ǱǸһ𣺡һȺˣ


1109 ޵еŭ

˷뷢ţ˺һͷʨӣһӹգ͵һȭ˳ֵĺµӡ
һ̣ۿĵһѪԲѣȻҪǿȥ˷Ѿ޷ĵŭ⣬ŭȼһǣҪһȭ
ʹɣ
ǣһ
һ𣺡˷ƣҵȫµʩչȺݶɱ֣ɥĲǲҪ켺ͳͳɱȻΪ˶ռ󣿡
֮Уһֻȭͷͻأس֣ӭŶ˷ƾһȭ
أ
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1110 ǿʶ
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1111 ʹ֮ս
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˫֮佥һСɵĵи֣ÿһжڵĸ壬ұɵģɻƽɡ

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1112 
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1113 ȫ£
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1114 һ
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һ֮бһ֮ɫ쳤ЦϹǸ˲С鷳ǣҪΪƾҪЮңδҲ̫˰ɣ

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ǣһЦΣֻҪһУҾܽ˷ն£ĲҰʱ
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ڰ޵кУصǾͶģ֮ڣʹòǣΣ
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ֳõö˷ɫһǣ͵һ̤Ҫǿų֡ǣһֻ޳ưס漴ߴʹһСӴΣ

һİ
º͵Цݣû˸ԼĶ䣬ͣʲô˵ʲôȻҪ˷ƶս޵У
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ܸղһǿҲа˾ųɣɱκɷ۷塣ȻԵ£ζҲа벽ǳ
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޳˿е𾪣ֻһĨЦݣ촽ᶯһʺһУ


1115 ޳
С㡣
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֪ʱ޵Ȼ࣬˴࣬ѾٰߣΪҪǣƻӶ˺һؿռ䣬ݺݵĻ

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ԷǿϢʹǹΪʹĽ죬޵жǲΪ֮Ľ
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䣡
޳üĹâǣһƻìʱ˰޵еĹҽҲǵ߳ԡһղǿʮĵ淨ӣ񺷵а޵еؿڡ
ۣ
޵пһѪڵգȫ˽¡
漴䡱һ
ʹԶɸ߿գǿԶԶشȥµظһ޴ӡ
ͬʱҲзСӵǿĻΣڣʩչ꣬͹ԹԵɣ
ǿסǹɳ͵һͣ漴˫ţҶѣ޵б˳ȥ˫ȭصغ޳
ֵܣ
۾ʶؾҪ˳ȥ
ϧΪʱ
أ
޳ݵͿգ¶һ˿ЦУѹ
ˮ򱻾ʯУžһըϸķĩķ
ЩĩһɳʮǷ׷׵ɢӰ١֪ղŰ޵һжôԵ
С
˷ҲǾ˫һƬͨ죺޵УΪԼǿһ£һĴ£ڵģ
üһ˿Ի֮ɫԶ˷Ƶŭ߳ţֻǵصȻСҲǵСԣ˷ƣ߰ɣ
˷ӿŭõ뷢ţҵĻƺҪ˫֮
˷ƣҪСӵһƬѪװӵĵĻҲĵһ̣
޵бص
ʦ𣡵Ӳ⹷ƴˣ
˫Ѫ죬ݵһƬɫ˼֮ҲͲסҪ
ž
˷һ󲱾˹ȥһѽ𣺡ߡ
ȻƽǴѾƤָ⣬ָѪԿľȻ
ȻҲ˱ߣ޳̫ҲûбҪΪ֮
Сĵֲ̧һǿȥس߳
׳ϢԶ
ۿһԽаֱΣҪʹɢͻȻ
ʼְɣ
һЦ


1116 ֪֪
ۣ
ΧȺ֮УͻȻһһīĸǥݺݵشԼʹ󱳡
һɸŨҺݺݵس˽ȥ
໣
ʹͬʱ˲ʹĺƤͻȻ߸߹һɫĴ͹ѪҺϹӿʱпҪ
ˣ֪֪Լڸʲô
޵дһȻƽ˴Ķ࣬ںܶʱΪȨǲϧĳЩֶΡ
ǣµʵ̫Ź֣׽֮˵ľɱֶΣоէ֡
һ֮£Ԫ˻תͷ¶һ˿մɫȫԼƣ
޵һһأСģ
Ԫӥֱʹļ̳ˣȻǻͻȻѱ䣬̶أֿɲѱ䣿
ǣ㵹ģȻʱоˡղǵЦٶһӰϢӡ˰޵С
𣡡
޵зһ˫صسŵһ㣡ԣգ֮ϸ߿ա
ˣ˫ǱһƻУꡱ˫ȹǵɷ˿
ҲҺÿ죬Ļһƾܽɷ飬
˫Ƴһģһɷ֮õڷϰաɲ֮䣬ŤתŹһ˼ı飡
ԭޱߵĶ˷ƣһվŲȻޱȵؿ򡪡
ٲߣ
㣡
޵˫Ŀеļ𾪣ڸ֮ܵľʹ
Ĳ˼飺ٲã
Цһ鲼Ӱ̫߳ơÿһ̤ǲ̤˵ѹããؿ˶
һ޷ݵĴƣɽХⷽռȫ֣
ô㣡˷ͬ
Ǳʹð޵оѺһΣԶԶ뿪˰Ůϡǣ̶δԪһ֣ԭأֻ¶ǿҵɫ
գݺݵһҧɫǿѹ£ݺݵһԼԴ֮ϡ
ۣ
һƺߣԴһ𣬵˹ȥ
ؿһۣᣬֻǵһЦأϲһŮȻ廯ħǻĿ֮£ܹӲ£Ը㡣
ħǻ𣡣
˺ݺݳһʹŮüĸֳһɫĻ棬ݺһۣ
ؽҧֿ³󣡡
Ǳߣ޵ҲͨȥԸ彫򿪡ǣڴʱ
¡¡
Ĵ˾ҵĺһźɫװͨ嶼ں֮еӴɽԾ
ǿٳ֣һǥ̳漴иҺע롣

ػɽŵĵӽ˲ҽУûʹǰǿֻϿٹƵĽ硣
ܿըѪ˰գ
ѪŨŨĸ֮ζóʮ֮Ƿ׷ص䡣κʣֻҪѪմϣҪڳһ̲֭Һˮȥ
ðԵĶԣ
ʴڹǶٲã㾹ȻͶħɣ޵ٶȳһ
ǰר鱨첨˵ħȻǲܷɾ衣
ϧ׷ǵջȣ
ΪħɾûɢӦҲԪˣԲŻ᲻òǱȥ
ȴû뵽Ƿǵû伣Ǳ䱾񣬾ڲǵˣһǶ⡣
ǣͽǸڹ𾴵
Ϊʲô޵񱯰
ԭȵºʹ֮ʧӰ٣һƬ޾ķԹ
һȣΪʲôҪΪʲôǺܼ򵥣ΪĳƺΪЦٲͷΣ
̫ˣһٲߵͷңΪţ𣿡
ʧ̬ĿУ޵Լ³Щʲô˫һԼԸĸ֮λҲ˸ٲߵĳƺţѵ㻹֪𣿡
֪㣿
ݺݵضŰ޵Уԭлʶһֻ֮ôһƨͷΣ㣬֪֪㣡
ȻѵഫϸҪһʹѵ󴫣
֪ʲôٺ٣Ǵḷ́û׷棬ôܴƬȻһʹңѵǼʰ𣿡


1117 
ˡ
ȫˡ
ԭǴŽΰͷǲ֪ΪΣһϸҲǡҪһʹͷν֮򷢡
ȻԴһֱǹڻʼջġ
ѡͶħɣ
˷ŭ𣺡ʹϸܹҰģҲӡվĶ棬ԣѵû𣿡
ΣԳı壬һң
ЦЦ֮оƫ֮⡣
ߣȻ׷ϸΪͣҲҪǣϸͶѩ֮ˣĻóɾͣӵ˽յĵλ
˷ƺȵУϸΪ㣬飬ó˳ȹһɱ٣Щ㶼ˣ
ɷǿںɷʱٺǿ׽ǶɲȥʵʵˣпǷǣٲ
ԣʱһԵ÷ҪΪԶɽ֮ʱ֮ԵУӶԼˡ
ЧãһļֵȴĸߡһţܽһǸߵҵ
һ֮࣡
֪Ǻε֮ˣû˱ʾ飬նǿѹһͨ
ȫô˵ûе࣬ûĽ죬ݶֵһ
Ҳɫһ䣬ʵ޷ϡǣһЦ˵ʲôϼһģƭĵֶζѡߣϼһץסȨţǻŵʱǲԸκʵʵȨ
֪϶˽¶˵ʲô𣿡
ߺޣλϸòƺǲ׼ãǺε֮ŭˣ
һ٣϶Ȼ˵Աʿ̱Σܹʤһָ죬ѾǼߵĳɾˡ϶⻰ǲ̫Ҳˣ
޵нȻͶħɵʵ̵ϸһûпֶⷬΣԿ̱ݣѾǶ㼫ߵˣ
̲δܹŭһЦ֪϶ص˭ô
޵бһ䣡
֪ʹ棬ԼΪ°Եǲϸ֮ϲȻĻ
㣬޵С
ϣһתϵص϶׿ڶ˵޵¹ϣ츳ʵѣϧƽ̫Ŀˣ¸оأĻ㵹ѵļθ֮λѡ
϶ԭӦûҪú㣬ȥļûˡҲҺˣȻĻ֣Ŀһ򾡣
䣡
ʱʹĲѾγɣϺһɱɱ
һλλ˽ɫ⻷ĵӷ˰գڵһ뵲֮УЩ⻷˴ӣγһͨ쳹صľ޴
⸱ۣ֮һֹգ
һɣ٣
һǿȺȻﵽ˰벽ǳܹ֮Ӱ쵽ա
ǡ
ǿһŲæ֮дһ˿Ϸʡֻâٽ˼֣ʼɡ

֮Ӧɢһɴĵü֮иֳСһŵĻħǻͬһǥݺݵͱͬ䡣

ĲҽС
ʹû뵽ԭ֮ȻԼĵմ֮Уǵˡ
ۿԼѵĴգۼ䱻ƻ䣬Щ֪˶꾫ѵӵ˽Ϊĵӵ۵Щѣȥ
ңҵУ
һƳǳ³ĴһվǷسߵ˳ȥÿ˶۾ͨ죬ʧȥǵģ
ûбƵĵ⧲УʴڹǶ֮£ڳһţȥ
䣬һЩԭͬ飬ͬԿĵǵĹǣͻȻһ漴תӪͬɱ
һ£Σ˭Ҳ֪ԭȵͬ飬᲻һ̾ͳΪҪԼɱ֡
˴˽䱸֮£ս泹ױԷѹ
ĴŭԼȼնѪ棬ڵĻ˼ҪƬնɣӳһƬͨ졣
ɱɣѾӸϸˣֻɱ¾һƬأЦ趯۷Ȼһһħ
棬һƬǰľ


1118 ҿδ
Ĵʹзһ룬ʣбɵʲôó
Ц޵УҸһλᣬ»ħǻ𣬷Чħˡˣ㣬Լĵӡѣܻ٣ص䡣
̯ȼյĺɫ棬ĻħǻȻħǻȫū۰벽ǳǿߡ

޵ЦЦٿֹҰ޵һʤܹҫ΢ǡ
Ҵûи˵
ūϥȡһĻ᣿Ұ޵вڣ֪֮Ĳ˰ɣжԿֻ̱ڱˣŪЩıƵСܱ⣿
˲
޵еĻһǶصسϣɫʱһ䣺ƨҿ㴿Ѱ·
Уһȭص˳ȥ
ݣ
һȭУٸаС̵ָĺɫ渡ڰգǿᣬնһ֧֧ա

Ȼ䣬ǿȻγһƬǵصƣ˰޵С
벽۷壡
޵ɫٿתأһ֣ʾʵΪҲǴﵽ˰벽ǳ۷֮Զԭ¶ǰ㡣
žžž̤ǰÿһ̤õȻһ֮£һǿĲûٶᣬ˴˽ʶ֮¿ٵӭϡ
飡
ཻǳƺֻɣɣһ׽֮£ʱЩҧ˷飡
޵СۡؿһѪЩѾһһ٣Ҳ˾޴˺
ԣݡһ˳ȥһʧȥ˴롣
ɱ
Ҳ޵ӵкǿʹǲԸ˳Ǿֻɱһ·
ɱ˲Ϣ
أ
ʱһǿĲɨ̧һز롢¡ꡢˮֻ֡
գǿȻûΪһ񵶣ն
ɫ𢵶ͳͳѣħȭ
ΪȭҲǿٱȫȭγһʯƵס
գȭɵһң
ɫ𢵶Ӧ飬ƥķõһЩѪԣ
ɣ
⣬԰޵ΪߺޡΪϸۣоܵ˺ܴ衣
ڣΨһпܲ벽ǳ֮ԾʹˣҲ˿赲
ԣҪ޵лɱ
ȭ磬ЯһѹȻգ֮䣬ȭѽ
أ
ʱһ˼Ĺǰ޴ĹܻӰ֣ԺϡһȭʹѾܵ˲ˡ
ճĹȫǲԡִ֮£ҲǱ˺ü
һЩ͵黬ţ㣿
ڰ޵ǰ֮һװɫЩý˲׽
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ԶԶ˰޵еԤϣ˭ܹܡǶ˷Ϊ޵г֣ζ벻
Ͼղ˫ǶһҪ
ߣ㲻ؿҡ
˷䣺ݺĵҶ˷ƻǶģҴǴǰи˶ԹԷŵһߡ
֮˵Ȼ󲨣Щū۵ħǹСħ֮ˣؽɱ֮öԣġǷ⡱
ԣ˷仰
ˡ
޵촽һ£˵
˷ƺ޺޵ؿһۣ飬Ⲣԭ㣡ߣ㵨ɱСʹ˴˿ǿӵһҲһ١
޵ɫЩɣҪʲôջذ֪ΪΣ۵һĨŨԻ֮ɫ
ȻôôǴǣҾһ·ɣħף
һȳͻȻһɫļи֡ÿһ涼ǲ˻ƣ
ϸЩвӳ֣֮гһ㡪
ף
Ȼһ֮

ӹ˲׺һ֮һ˺ѳһĿ׶
ռ׶ƺգָ棡
ۣ
ԶԶʮɣ˷ѾǳܲǿѹòɹĹܵɢ
ƲһͬƵ޷
˷ƣ޵УڣҾһȥɣ
̣ȭ¡
ǿѹҪѹ˶˷ͷ

·ǿɱֱš漴赭д𣺡ҿǿδء


1119 ˮս
˭
͵سһѰĹɲСƽ֮УȻ̺һֱӴ˻ϢһǿҵԤС
У
ܵвǲԭԤ֮Уúö˷޵ǿʹˣƻһ˿赲Լ
ƻȷʵʵ֣ȻڼΪĳ֣⡣յĽԤ뻹ҪΪ˳һжûơ
ڣֽʹ֮ΪȲʤȯȴͻȻ⣡
䣡
һ˲ٻɱ˷ƣǲִټ֡һ춯ص˺ü󲽣ǿסΣ˹֮ˡ
һ˫ȻȻŵش𣺡㣡
ʲô
⣬ôܣ
ô˫ۿװ׿ɷİ
һŵľ¾Ƕ˷ƣϾףٺǴ͵ؿǰ
һ̣ڼս֮еİǣֹͣ˼սŵųڣǵӰ򡪡
޳
ᵯ˵ۣԴ΢΢Ŀƽؿҿûлˣ˵أ
Ȼˣ
˭Ҳû뵽޳Ȼһ֣˶Ϊ֮ʣȻ˾˵ķʽǳ
ڳֻа޵ԤϣΪս֮У޳᲼һ֣
ңβҲ
ûۼ֮ǰҲǰŰɣôӵֶΣ˶ǿߣ
޳֮չ¶ĿֲսΪ֤ҪΪ޳ӷˡ
˿ۼ޳Ҳ̲סȻĺǣ
ҲõʲôֶթħɼǴܹ赲㣬ǲܣ
Ȼһȣ˿عڡ漴ٶȱħٶȸ֡
ףҳ
֮пٵ۳һգһ޳صĲ·ܹ͸磬ﵽããɲ
һ
һܹԳһ
ȳᡣ
ˣ
δǹɿ񺷵Ѿǳһ㣬ƺƵ֮˶Ǿһʱܱը
ܵĲӦǿңοǴڹĵ޳
С㿪˷ƾ޳ûϲھ
˽ǵ˼άϰߣȺ˵ͬ࣬ˣ¾ɷ۷塢벽ǳֻһȺϣͲһˡ
ԣ֪޳ڰ󣬿½ĻԱȮ
˿̣޳ɱǽǵıͬ
ǣϮһ޳˿ֻǵٽʱֻ̧𣬼ֻԴ³֮ˮ
𣡡
ôʽ֮𶯣콫ѣ
޳üĹâ̫˸֣ԭлɬתһ޾ҪǳΪĥƶ˵ĸо޳ΪĺģԽƬض𡪡
һأ
ľˮԪ޳ֳϸıǱĺǴ˶ҩǣֻ֮ͨ˲֪ЩѾʵʻˮϵ
һţһ
ը֣еıγһˮХ죬צ
צƿգ˺磬һצץǱ嫵𶯶ٵس뵽˽֮С
ͣ
ǿԺûκξ춯صı𣬿ռеֻһļž
ڣ
ֻӽⶥˣʼһѷ죡
ѷŵ˽ĩ֮ڣһȻ飬ѳΡ
ۣ
عֶα޵һ޶Գ٣ҲشһѪѹֲס
ȫһļž
֪𾪵Ŀ࣬ԭΪԵֵһȴû뵽һ֮£Ǵ˰
ס֡
޳ɨһЩȻܵħǻƵĵǣص

쳤Цֳһ˿ŭ֮ɫСӣΪѾƴ𣿡
޳ûκƣ赭д˵ŭѵô
ƽϸղһսκΪ֮ץ
һŭҪ̲ס֡ʱһȴǻ£ǣ˵أ


1120 
ţ
һͻأδֵһɻѹ׷䣬ͷһɡ
ʲôˣƾһƣ
ֻ޳˿ȣֻ۾΢΢૶ڣǳô
ð޵ŭʹʱ޳ؾ˵ѡͬʱ޳Ҳоõ˷һûԣ
Ȼ˶û˵ѣбضеڲ֣
˿Ծ׼ú˵ìܣ׼ͻƵ㣬˰ﾪ죬ɹ޻˷ơ
ôһǶ԰ڲޱϤ
޳ɣȻ²˭Դ޵йͬݺϷ
ͼˣ֮ҲЩΪĻסܿͷ֣ĻǽͲ˰ﾪСƾԭ
ңƺ߱ǧ۵ʸ
Ȼˣһˣ
ڣǼıпʧܵԵʣǰ಻סվ̨ǰ
ˣʲôݣ
յڽ
һݵӰո֣վ˱ͦȲǣע⵽ʱ˺ݺݳһ
̺ۣ
˵ľǰ̺ۣ˰ɫɫв죬ͺǵ嶾ֱ򼡢Ыӡߵȸֶɹ
ˣƺЩɵԽŲ
˳ǣ¶һֹСҹĿɲЦݣһԻƳγεڶ˷ϣʦ𣬾Υˡ
ʦ
˷ƺݺһ¶˲˼֮ɫ㣬

޵ͬ͵ѹɨһˣŵص㣬
˷յĵһӣ츳׿Ϊ¸ܣϧԸĶϰŪŮԸΪ֣˲ǵˣΪ֣֮
ҲǴʱ𣬶˷ƶյȤȣֱ⸱ŹֵƢ
ңĺͽ˵˵ͷ̹Ȼϡ
һԼʦԭµնʦȫˣʦףÿǸɴడ㾹ȻԸ½嶾Сǵ󣬿ɾҲûлһʦȻء
˷촽⶯лιһĨʹ
ǱƲֺγԸɱӣɱԼΪӡҪ²Ĵӣ
嶾ӣʱǱڱƵýԸ½ʬᡣȴ룬϶Ȼ䶪嶾ӣ
º˷֪֮뷢ţֻˡϧѰͽʬѾǲˡ
Щϸ֪˷ҲΪԼ粵ΣԼʦֻɱ˰ͽʵ


1121 
ԭ㡣
һ̣˷ȫˣΪΰﾪܷƾĹʹԼҪĨλһϵţҲǲѰҵᡣ
ΪԼȥǧۣ
Ҳֻʸ̤ǧۣҲֻпշƾ
˷ȻԷ䱦ǶλԼΪӵĵӺǿأȻ֮˳ȥ
֮ǰֻû뵽ȻûԸû뵽һؿԡ
ǵӡ
ͷϣûеӰʩЩСֶΣƾǸǷĹƨţʸǧۣ
޵лһ¶Ƿŭɫ֮ǰԼҺǧΪ̣˷ƽ̵Ӳ
ȴû뵽һȫֻ˱ٿصĽıϾһǶسϣۡ
ʦġԵʲôܹģԵһֱʦ
˵һòƺ֪Ļǳһ˿ЦݣԣӻὫһΪϳȻ嶾жɹһΪƽ˾ӡܵʲôˣӶԱ֤ԶԶס
ǴӲ˷ƣ
ˣ㲻֪ʦΪ㣬е˶ѹ˵ĻֱĹΣ磡
һԴ󣬸˶˷ƶ꣬Եʮ˽ĵվŭ
סڣ˷Ϊҳѹ⻰̫ЦĻ˭أ˭ض嶾ӣ
һ⣬ͨޱȣɭɭŷĵӡأһң˭
𣡡
Գ档
Ȿ޵һս磬һԪ
ԣһֺȳ
ϸζĽ䳤׷պʵʵһС
ӺȻɫϲԽ¶˾ɫĿȴЩ⽫Լɡ
ۣ
ϵ鷢ˣЩûܹĿ꣬ǻ;ܵʲôεײ
һ죬飬ɢ֮С
ţ
һŤתͷü޳תͷһ𣬺Ǳشݺݵһǣ񲻽𣺡㣡ǾǷǲ֣Ҫæ߱ͽ֮ˣ
Ƿǲ֣
˷ռһ鲢ˡֻɱͽʹ࣬ǽ޷ѡ
棬ھθͷǼͽ⸱˲ģеʹ༸Ҫɡ
һ˲䣬·ʮ꣡
ŭ߳޳ֻǵɨһۣΪνҪôϽ㿴ĿǰΪֹȥٵô

Ц֮о֮ɫȥٵкθϵһԼ˶޷ƿ֮ЩΪ͵ȵϰˣǵϲŭֵ֣ҷȥǣ
һȳ̬֮йࡣ

޳ͷϵͬĻ㵵ı֮УƽɢصôνǷǣʲôֵҷϣ

ǳĴ
ӰϣôϺ죿
ֱǴžžֱ죬κ˻ߵķҪ
ɫ䣬޵ıŭ֮ɫӿ𣺡˵ңСΪӵһЩֶξƿȫ֣ҵȣ
롪
ӭŭ޳˲ػ³˼֣Ӧɡ

֪Ҫ˳ʵͼıԼƿأͱ֮꣬ɱ
ƣ׺ɣ
򵥵ʮִ³ÿһַɳɣǧءңÿɳҪǿ
ʮɷɳǾɽһأңÿֶΪɫʵ࣬棬ԼԿ׺ãɣû
Сģڰ벽𹦷֮УҲٮٮߣ޵ѵ
޳鲻䣬ƺûκηǣһת֮УһıöûУʶ

ÿһϸۿɴɣγ˷󣬽˰Ԫ
һ֮£޳ҲǲΪ֮п״μĹԣȹѾǿˣ۵˼ǽ˾塣
Ϊ֪ţ
һϤ֮ˣ𺳣ǿƥپǺεȾˣ
룬ʹǶ˷ȫʢ֮ʱҲһ֮У
ʱ޳ƳһҲǻԿ³


1122 ״̰岹㣡

һ³ǿҵķХԭüпٳ֣޾漴ת
ǣ
һεɨٵ뵽ȳ֮Сһͷ·ĵն䣬ǷƸѶ
صһ󲽣һ˿ɵ֮ɫ˫֮и֣㾹ȻֶοԻ
֮г˲˼飬ʣʹǰ벽ǳǿȫ뽫֮ƽ⡣
ǰ꣬һȣõԼ޴ۣսʵɾɲ
ע⵽һ֮£޳üһƷ·ƵѪӡȥǵϧġѪ
Ѫ޳ˡӡǰΪԼǿʵԽԽǿ⻯ӡֶܷӵЧʵСÿ
ԣ޳ܾûн֮ʹá
ղţʩչ֮ʱ޳飬֮߶һٲЧ
𣬿£ƻߣ𣬴֮䣬ͨʵ֮
ڴʱѪӡʧ֮ʣһ޳СޱȵĹ֮⣬֪˶µĲɣÿһֶǳ
޳ԽسУ·ʼһó̡ó֮УԻջǳҲּܷĵ
һУü֮Ѫ
ݣ
һĸжӿ޳ǬܿǵѪСһΣӵеЧޱȾˣΪƷĻ裬Ҫøѡ
ǬײϵɫҲǱࡣ
̲֪˶ã˿ٿȻüΪ⣬ˮһͨ
˵ʵϲɲǹˣ޳Ǵһ±ǻָǶһؾϲ
ɷ
Ǭ׵ȻҲǴﵽɷ۷壡
ԭԭ֮޳Ѿ᳤֮ǣΪҪѷɫ̫࣬ԾӵӵУƷȻҪԶԶѷɫǿߡ
Ǭ׿޳һٲԼĶ̰壡ӽ޴ʦʵǺѷɫκһˣ
Ҫٱ
صضϺһ֣
¶һ˿ΪѣǱȣǺݺһҧһɢŶĵҩ˿С
ɲʱϢմﵽ˱ղŻҪһĳ̶ȣ
һ˿ɫ¶޶ض޳СұҪ
˶һ
ʵĪ⣬ӦҲǰ벽ǳ۷塣˹仯ʵͬ
޳һˣֵܹ


1123 ׷ɱ
䣡
򵥵һȭȭ֮һʮɸµڿաÿһ֦̣ƫִԵĲɣ֮⣬һΣһҲݻٵĻϱӿ
飬ͨ
һȭٻӰһѾ񼶴ڵֲ
ƣ֮
ݵıһӵеޡ
ǰɽƺǵֱص֮ܽҪΪˡ
ͨˣοֲ
ˣ
һȭδǹǿѾؿõƬ綼ǳֳˮ֮״
ȭЮƥǿֱ룬ݺݵ޳
أ
ִ֮䣬޳һǰǿݺݵضײһ
һ춯ص𣬾ҵ˴бֻӴԭز޳Ǿһ˫㱻ն𣬵˳ȥ
СƵʩħս壬ͱлõҩ֮߶˸Ϊ߶˵ħս壬ɱǳɱӣͬʱ֢ҲǼΪء
ʹսܹʤҲҪܸ꣬ԭ

·һƬҶƮ޳³һľ淨ǴˮӰ֮С
ýڵأܵɱѾǽ˲ʮ֮һԣƮƮ£Ȼûܵ˺
ӭһЦ޳赭дص˵⻰˺ܹܶ࣬ģûм
嵭ƶ飬Ļһ޷İ
ͷӲҾͿʲôֶΣܹȭ
ݡȭĴ֦Ӱ޴棬ϬХէ
һȭȫһöѷӰУ޳
ʥһȭ
񺷵һ޳Ųæɵ̧֣ǰһ㣬ȳ
¡¡
һǽͨ˸޷âʯ޳̤һӿȪ
һ䡣
һ콵ӣ
ȪӣһγһȦɫ񻷣õ޾̤֮ÿһˮơ
ǷɽĽȪ֮ռزЫһٵسȥǸΪԵûκεйǿѾռʳ˷顣
յǺɨһеǰûаִأ
һȭǳһȭ
ۣ
ڷ֮еΪ֮һ壬ޱȵǰиֳһĨȻɫ
ȭĴе֦Ӱ顣ɫȭֹƺƵرϮ˹ȥ
ϧһȭδܽӽһĭ㡰ۡһʧɾ
ܵľߣϧ㣬޷ӳǿս
һЦ
ʥΪûнԵʣ޳Ŀ֮뱻ӡ״̬Եʵδ
㲻ˣ
޳ٻʥ֮Ҳʵһû뵽޳ȻֶΣӵƥ벽ǳ۷ʵ
ҺãһǺ㹻ĻıҪƲˡ
޳ֶѾ㹻ˣƱҪɱ޳Ľգļɳ
˵˵⻰ˣڶˡ
޳Ǳƽ̬ݡ
ԣл˵ɣһԶԷʥֻǿܣضܳõش߶սֻҪԼܹһ󣬶Сӱض֧ȥ
޳ºһЦһкѣ

һĶķɳⶫ״צӣĹ
һɳٵسһӡ
أ
·Ǿը죬һӡ£ǿҵ׹ⱬըһҪ˹趼Ҫñ𵴴롪
ħǣ
໡һ⳹׷еĻ룬ؿڼȫһǿҵľʹʶõͻ˼㹻Ӧ
䣡
ʥץᣬȭһӣХ𣬺һִʯȥ
֮Хһſҵñ˿ֵðбȥ
ʥˣһȭæһȭ׷ȥȭ䣬õÿб
ã
ǱԭϮɱǰһĻͣ¡һŤͷӡ
Ҫߣ޵дһ˵׺֮ǣԷҪɱ֮졣
޳һΣǧȫʩչʮĵ淨ȫ߶һξǧɡ
Сգұɱ㣡
ź±޳һƻҪŻѪ֪ԼΪֻǱһתһ·
ãҪӽǧУ
Ӵܵķ򣬰޵ٶȴ𡪡
Լɼһҽɫսһڣ˶ɵľޡ
塰ݡͶ˽ȥ޳ҲǺԥظ˹ȥ
Ҫ
һΣʹǳھ֮еĶ˷ƶǴ


1124 ǧܽ
ǧۣǧ겻𽣻꣬ǧ겻ɢսۣ
ǵõսʱһ仰ഫһλѾǷ켫ǿǿ߲μһ֮սΪȻսбסҲ
ԣսۣΪľͺ󱲣
ǧۣʵѾ֪˶ꡣôҲ֪жǿΪ˽ϵĴɾ͡
սãΪǰŹ֮ʣǽʽ֮룬⽣âɱ
ܽΪ츳ļѣ޳׷˹ȥǡ
ͣ
·ǸӦôһâ֯ԶڱնγһĽ
֮Уܵ״âǰ
С
֣
֪˾˫Ǽʶ޳ֲĶ˷Ƹͣͣ޳ڰ󣬿ǺεȾκˡ
ۣ
һȻ֮У޳΢΢һ٣Ѷȵشж롣ؽâϾˮ棬ɵص
˻
˾δüȫһǺݺݵع˿ǻ֮У˫ɵüҪܹɵͨսŵĿ飬ֻһֿԣ
һ뵽ĿԣͷĶ˷޵жһۣͬʱཱུĲ
꣬Ȼ츳
ֲ˵Ŀܣߵ磬׿־Ҫ⽣츳
꣬ǻܲˣˣ
Ǵʮ߳ĽţȻղĽ˲١Ҳ´ʮ㣬֪ܷ׷ϣ޵
ߣ
˷صһߣܷ׷ͽС£ֻǧҪκʧĻǰ͵Ϊɣ
޵üͷһ壬˷ƲڿЦȻЩɣǰȻûЩǵۺ񣬿ɲ˭衣걳ҪҰǲװɣ
ô
˷Ƴһۣǲ֪ʦΣ

޵΢˵ͷλʦڳǿ֮Ϻ˵ˣԵǲΪӦòǶɣ
ת۷Σ˷ĮȻ
仰ʱõð޵һһת۷ǿӵеĺȷʵǼΪˣĵҲǲ˶٣ʹҪղԣЩԿŰ
ôǲ֪ټǧ䵤Σأкѷɫǵִʦɢˣѩӣ޼ɣԭɽˣ𡭡
˷ÿһ֣޵еɫѿһ֡뵽ԼղŶ޳ɱ⣬󱳲֪ʱѾ߳һ亹
ռ⽩Ӳ촽һ£⣬ôʦѵô£²̫ܰɣ
Ȼܡ
˷俴һۣʲô֮ǣȫΪʦ
һ׻
޵е͡

ݣ
޳岻ϻöǧ۴濴һӡ֮󣬵һζĹ⽣Щ⽣΢ĴʹУϵش̼Ƥ
Ȼǿ󣬵ȫûһ۵ĸоԽѰΪ֮
ף
һͨ޳ȵط֣Լʶ֮޷⾹ȻССĽ֮ɵĹâ˸õһ㱡
ȻǺԣǱͣͲѾһ󲽣
ԭȺô
޳ЩԤڵľϲӲͣ׷󣬿ٵس˵ڶ㡣
ڶͬ壬һҪǿ࣬ǽ֮õü
ʹջҲǲС޳ڵĽٶȳ
㡭Ĳ㡭㡭
ÿͨһ㣬ⳤһ֣
޳֣ΧζŵĽâʵһ΢Ľ⡣Щ޷С֮УõõӶʼ
ȫԳΪһӲء족ֵֶΣ
ЩϹǿߣǾޱȰ
޳סпѸ򣬼ʹʦָҪŶǧѡλǰȴƾһֶΣӲϽ֮;
ֶΣ졣
֮Щǧ۵츳ߣֻҪܹͨһʮ㣬ʹ޷Сɡ˵ջӦø󡣡
ǰ߾ӪȽһĲ˲念޳൱һǿ׳֮ˣٵõӪ룬ܹøΪ׳
ߣ
ͻȻǰ͵ͣ޳һɱ⣺׷úˬǰɣ


1125 Źֳ
ɱˣǾ͸ˬˡ
޳һ仰ʬƤͻͻֱǺȻֳһĨЦݣ֪
޳شԹԵǧ۵ʮ㣡
޳ܿһۣǧڲһµòš
˿̣ܵĿռƺ֮㣬վо͸һСܽâ˸õ紦ǿա
Σ޳ص
Σ㵽ڻô
һԺȳԼѾ̲סЦò츳ʵȻһδǧ۾ʮ㡣ǸһʱúһԳɾ޷⣡ϧҲˡ
һ˿˿εĽۣ֮£ΪΣĿʼһĽʵʵĽ
ǧ֮һתܹڴ˵ֻн⣡޷δɣң
һȣӵеǻʵ޷⣡֪ζʲôζɱһȫѴ֮
͵һ㵣һѪðѪȪһ㣬Х
ض޳ָ仺ɢĨ⣬Ĩ
޷⣡
޳ʼ磺ܱǸǰҾͲ޷ˡ
һжʱӿ޾ĺڡôû뵽ǰ꾹Ȼ죬ӵôྪ˵ļܣ޷⣡
һֱΪ޳ֻΪ츳ڣһ·˵ʮ㡣ԵüƣΪһĿӣ޳Ūڹ֮䣡
ȴδ뵽ǸԭԼ
ס˺еɽɢȥʵػڵأȥ
ղ޳һݻõ궼Ϊ֮
Ľⲻϧߴ·ӣмֿϧˡ
޳ҡͷпΪһƾԼǧ۵ˣ֤Ľ츳ڡ
ǿнɾһѷɫڣϧ;Ըʶ䣬ħɡ
޳ָܿ콫ĴȡС΢һҲûжķֻ֣ҵȻԼ
һصΪḻ
޳૵صЩȻĶһ֮еٮٮߣ
̫⣬ΪЩ֮Ҳκйħɵټһ㣬ʵЩʧ
ȻˣҲȫ޹סֱˮȻЩ
޳εҡҡͷһԪ֮УСһ㣬Ҫ̰ࡣ
ɲУ̰ϵĻпֱӻѶ
ıǣСүΪǺɨһķڻ¡Ҳ
ֽһæ鵽һߣŬȻ㹻ǶʱҲǸСĸ
Ź֡
ԪѵûгΪֻɻƺܾﲻԾ޳ȱ뿪
޳ͷͣ
ԪͨԪͷŶ޳׵ظ֪ںɨķ⴦ռΪ˽ܵĽ䶼ǲŹ
ʱεš
Сү˵ûô
ͻȻԪ˷ܵشһ޳ȫ֣࣡
޳ҲԼץסһؼ˫ĿȻһǧɷֺݺݵصࡪ
أ
һƵֻ֮ԼһԲεİ뿪ӳ֡ܿ죬ҡһ£
һɷ֮޳ʶһǹͷת˰Σվȡ
һ޳׼磬Ϊ֮һ𣬺ܿһ˳ȥ
⼤еӻζһ£γֵʱԳһЩ
һһ
ʯ֮䣬޳ٽӣӿĽ۳һ糤Ӱ㣬ȫӿȥ

ӵ⣬һƾճ֣ǿһѽ˽ȥ
ǡ
޳ܣĿһƬããģҪ۾ҪϹڳհĻ֮Уһڿգɢޱ鶯Ϣ
ˣ
һǱ޳Ǻݺһ·صûһ£ƵüѪ
ȻǱг˲˼飺
⽣ȻʶеĽѹȣ·ϾҪһҪ߸ϣ
쪣
򵥵ţȻȴһʦȡ·ڳЦ޳Ĵ
ˣһȻᳰЦ
޳ָ֪оǻֱޱʵʵ֪
⽣л꣡


1126 򽣻
ǡ꣡
أԪһʧ
꣡
Ѱν꣬ʵָǡ顱ҲΪ˶ǿ֮ࡣ
ԣԪԵĽ꣬򵥣

˿Ԫ͵ഫ꣬츳ǿĽǿߣڽ޷ٽĳ̶ȣɣ
һ꣬ӵ˽ǿһľϲŭ֣ӵҵжԼ˵һ塣
޳ȻǰĽʱѾٲ죬ԷǳŪġɫҲ޷м
һӵȱǿߣȫƥﾳǿߡԪֵ
ﾳǿҲǡƾ걾Ҳڱ磬ҲȫԿһֶΡ
нǿܹ֮ɣ֮ԿﾳǿߣȻǲڻ¡
λǿôһ꾿Ǻ⣿޳üǰȻԶȫʢʱ֮ǿҲ˲ɱһٸԼ
ȻԼշ֮á
̥ڽ⣬ǽȻ޷֮գֻҪܹһҲŲСĺôԪ
޳ͷ漴ϥעǰ֮ϣһ˹ȥ

·Ǳ޳Ϊŭˣ͵һһεĲݺݵص˳ȥ
ۣ
޳·ǱУһѪ嵹˳ȥæȡһŵҩڲӡõƺܿ츴ԭ
޳˿ɵǰһ˿˼֮ɫ¶
꣬˽ۣ֮֮壡
ԼҪ֮ϣλǰĽ
˼
ϵس˼
ٿһը޳ʶһٶȳǰɨȥ
أһ£صص˳ȥ
޳˿٣ͣʱ䣬ٶȷħƵسǰ⣬ֻһαɡ
һΣһʧܣ޳۾ԽԽ˷ܵɫΪԣ
ڣٱײһ˴֮͵ͣ˽Ų
ˣ
ݣ
Ȼ䣬η޳ܻƣХէȻһһ˵ĳ


1127 𧸽
ɱ¾
޳˷ܵɫԽԽŨٿȻǱ̺֮⣬Ǿɱ¾
ǰᵱɱ֮
ǰᵱɱ֮
ɱȡɱƾ֣һִʽйҲһΪ򵥴ֱ֤֮
ˣ
һϣת˾ȵĸо
ǵԽԽǿң޳һХʶ֮нӿͷγһʵεĳ
ָǵ꣬񲻿赲Ϣӿ
Ǵ󲻾ĶǱȴû̫ķӦͷųһ΢Ϣңң֮Ӧ
ལལ
޳о˽Ϣ֮ʶ֮н⾹Ȼ˳Ľ
ͻƣͻƣ
ڣһ޷ƿվг֮С޷֮ʱǿӲ׷ؼһйⱾɱ¾⡪
ͬԾĳ硣
ǽκƣ޳ҲܸоԼĹ˼Ľչ
˵ԭȵĽԻɱǿߣ񣬵ƾ轣֮޳ҲܿɷŽǿߣ
Ͼ淨Ѿܹս벽ǳ
⣬һǿ֮Ҳ޹ֺԪǰƳ
ʱɱ¾һ٣ƺԼӰȥûա
ϧʵ̫ϧˡԪпڿϧ꣡Ȼȫʢ֮ʱȣǲҲǾޱȡ
޳Խ֮ĻǷ򣬶˿֮⡣ʹλԶԶǧʥħӴˣҲ޳֡
ϧ޳ľΪʵƥ䲻ɱ¾꣬ͲҪ뽫֮
ɱ¾Ϊ꣬꣬ɱ¾
ٿȻ޳۾Žһ仰

һͬܵ˵ͷȣԭء
ɱ¾ͣս𣬻ߣ飡
΢΢˯˯ص仰ֻá¡һ
޳ԺĳӰʱʵĹâ͸һâˮֺΪıʯɢһҪضµϢ
ಣ
ɱ¾ܵ˾Ե͵һ޳ǣ֮״·Ǽ˻۵ĹܣΪУҲԭǰ㡰֡
ۿ޳ʶ鷢ˡ


1128 
ˣ
һǿ𵴶䣬окȫյķ֮У컨Ȼ䣬ǹѹܹس屬һɽǳ촷۲ʣ
ۣ޳ͷ䣬ֻоԴһը­ѹһѪ͵˳
ǽҲһݵһǵ˻ȥͣڰա
޳ôˣԪ龪
޳ĿתһȻŽǹܵĸо
˿΢һ˿ƣ֮ɫ֣Цû£ֻ⽣̫֮ǿĿǰЩԳܡ
֮еĽ꣬޳ܹҲһź
ɱ¾걾㲻ǺǣµģǼΪ΢
ǿĽпָܻȫʢʱڵķɡ
޳ĽΪȻǿ˵Ƿ֤Ѿ˽żһЩ޷ɵĽǿߣҪߵøԶ
һͲֹһ֣ͬķֱ𣡲˲һ㣬ʼղŶ롣
ɱ¾ǿ޳һ㣬Ҫ
ϧ޳ʵ׻̫һЩɱ¾ȫϣȻǲСñĴȥʢһִɽѹԷǻȻ̮Լ֡
ˣ
ɱ¾ңңؿһ޳漴һεʩչ޳˳ȥ
ʮ㡣
ϧˡԪпʶ㲩ºһȻ֮ǰһĻԭ
οҲõ˽ļӳ֣񵥵޷磬ƥа벽ǳҲǺܲջˡȻ⽣ԵҲ̫ź
ٿȻһ٣
֮У޳Ź֣̽ƣλõƺҲǾԵԵ
ͣͣ
һϸɫ֮иǵĽۣγһС
ȴɢϢ֮䣬ּΪɱ¾֮
Σɱ¾꣡
ǡ
ԪݺݵسһãؿһĻ
޳ָ鶯һСʶ֮޷֮ðΣ˿ǽһɣֻǲܹ̳ǣʵ㹻ǿͨһĹ
Ȼ˵ޣԪ黹ˣ˷ܵصֻҪܹ꣬˵Ϻˣ
̸ס
޳εؿЦҴ¸һҪĽҲҪﵽ޷֮ҴﵽȾ磬ǵƾʵҲӵǳʸˡ
ԪĬҲҪѶжһ޳ԵɣҪõ޷ﵽгɣҲǼΪס
ˣܹǶջҲһľϲˡ
޳˵ͷ

䣬ǧڴ
СѾȥôˣ᲻᣿˷Ƽת
޵Ҳüͷһϵ֮ѶԶ˷ȥƫڵ֪޳ֲĺ֮ޱȺ£ҿԼûжʲô˺
˵ҺԼû֮ˡĻ޵иǿµĺ
࣬ࡣ޵Ҳ֪ڿοԼڿο˷ơ
ͻȻ
¡ǧ۱һâڴԭڵϢɢȥǻȥ
궯ǧɢ
أ˷Ʊ˫ԿƵľ֮¶
޵ͬɫȻǴӿ洦£ľǧ֮صĽꡣ
ôǧ۾ͻɢӴ֮󲻸ڣ
ʵôܹڵõ޷⴫УԶ˷˶ǧɢҲ̫ϧ
ĵ޳
Ǿʹɥڰڣ˷Ƽֱٺεȵ籩
Щŭ޾Բڽ󳹵Ĩƽ
ʹϽھӢתưɣˡ¾ˡ˷ƿɬص
޵ҲʹҰһͿˡ
ֿһ۸ոձ̧Ȼڻ֮еİӡﾪ족ʹر۾þ찲ȹɡ
˷Ʋؿһۣ޵ȻһЦЩ޴ŭܹҪǷйŭ𡣶ˣòΪһɣ
뵽ǿºĵһʱ䣬ͬѡǾԼ޴ǵıŭøھӢӵԱȫ
ǣҲֻܼϣַʽܹһ˿нˣ
ǻȷţԼĸǷܹ֮ǵķŭ
һ°ԵûҿùߵģΨ죬мţ˷Ƶ
ʹԣҲ֪ȥ֪ĿӰݺݵһҧȥţýµߣұλֳ
Ϊһ䣬ʹĹϵǿǰĺ
˷һۣȻЦǺãҵ˼ȳڴˣҲڴˣ

Ȼһ𣺡ʹ˭Ҫѵħδ壿
һʹ׻


1129 
ޣ
ʹŵضԭǧ֮һӰԵȻ޳˭
һĪؿǣд˲⡣
ã̫ˣûȻû˷һɨԭȵ飬˷ܵЩ״
޳һߣôģʲôСүȻûǾôСүҵô
뵽Լ󻯽һ֣֮ͻôһ䡱޳ԼǲӦùϳȺжļһ
Ǻǣֵ˼Сû¾ͺãղǧʧǻڵǷǣʹȽϳסæ͵
ˣΪ֪ԷӵеĿֲ̲סĵĨ˰亹о֮оԵҵʦУһ㣬Щսս

ʹʱ޳΢΢һϴڹŻ֮Уڱմ̶ıˣ˼ҸףЩȻ
ҲҺ޳ҹշ̶Եʱ̶ŻȻĻʹҪӥʹһ³ˡ
ף޳漴תһƬǽ壬ЩƵĵȻձѹǲδܹõָȻڲͣ
üͷ壬޳䶨˰޵ϣ΢΢һ٣˼֮ɫ
ն
޳·һ󣬰ϲŭҲ粻
Ŀ°ˣܶ˷ƵҲһ뢣߳ȥ֪˻ŬӭǰȻֻ类ǣľżΪ޳һ˿üľ
֮ǰеҰ޵飡㲻κγͷҶԸܣ㽫ǧУҲ֤ûаԹԣ
޵ҧҧȭǰ
֮ѡ޳ͷһΪ޳Ŀºһԭ޳԰Ķ飡
֮䣬Ƕ˷ƻжû֣Ӵ֮󽫲ڣ
ʹܱҲΪһ߿տǣΪħµȻԵ԰ȴһƬҳϣ޳Ƿĵĸм
ৣ
޳û˵ƶŲԶңңһץһ漴һӰƿշ𣬱ץǰ
Ҫ
޵вȻɫ䣬֮д˾֣ΪģֻΪǱ޳ץȥӰǰﾪ죬Ķӣ
ܶӻԲѣҲԵֻˡУȻԼ֮ҪĴڣ
пܣԸ޳ʹֳͽԼҲԸⰮܵ˺
аٰ㾪ʹ޵Ҳǰ벽ֻ׼ʱ򣬶˷һѣ˵ǶӲĲ򾣬СƼô𽵹ԳֶԸ
仰޵в侲޳֮˫üһȵľϲɫ
ⲻڳͷ죬ڡ
أ
޳˫ʮָٵ㶯һɫע˽ȥʮָһۻҵ趯֮£һ޴Ĺγǰ
ɼӰﾪü֮Уһ͸𣬿ǰﾪ죡
ͣͣ
޳ָϵһ罣׼ػǵ塣
ʱȴõöԷ¶ܵı飬ģ嶼ʼ
⣬꣡
ʹ͵˫𺳵صҲʱϸᵽϸһ˽ܵΪʵᵽꡱһֶʱҲǲ¶˼Ľ顣
ϸ˵ֻҪܹͨ͸ֶεʮ֮һҲԪıһƬСĴ֮أԼ
ߵ
λ
룬ﾪ峹˹ǰ޳ʱӿһƬȻ
޳һȣ漴ֺݺһģֻصһر˻ȥ
ۣ
ﾪһϺɫѪ͵˫ۣС㾹ȻҰ浱βǲǣҪ
飡
ﾪ컰û˵꣬׾Ͱصһơ漴һӰӹϹϾس޳ͷȮ񾹸Ҷһȣ
˵⻰ǰ޵Уǰ޳˼ɵǸղżȻܹ׽κã޵Ѿױ۷ˣ
֪ʹ붯Ĵڳ֣Ҳ赭дֶκöӡ
˵ǰĴڸʤһ
޵ˣΪδ޳ӵǰֲĺ
ᣬѾӵʵò𾴣
𺳣Ǳ߰ﾪ˳׵Ĵ֮С


1130 ħ
ž
ӴͲԣ޵Ǻݺݵسһƣ۾ţ޺޵ҳϣȻϽ
޳ЦЦ˰֣ҪΪˡ
⻰˵ʵЩ䣬ﾪ컹Ҫ޳˵ڳȴûһ˻òס
ƺ޳ӦԳߵ̬ȥѵﾪ죡
Ӳ˸һǰƣﾪŻع֮һƬãȻ
ղԼˣԼף
ԼһƵĸףȻ˵ͷǱϥģ
һĻľһڵ
޳ȻȥﾪĲ˵İﾪ첻ǽֱߵСɫָɱȻҲͲֵˡ
ЩΣ
޳ע⵽·ЩʱѹĵǣЩӶܻħǻƣһȫɲԼ
Ǳ˹ȥҪηط𹥻
ƺԻָǣҵѡһõĵҩҽΣǺް취̼ѡ˷ƿյص
ιȥվǳ֮ƣǽôȫĻʧҲ̫ˣ
һ൱ڰһӢֶܽϲ㡣

΢΢޳ͻȻһץһ˶ӰǰһλƵĵӡ
ָһһεͷŶӶʱ˰֮С
֮ǰľ飬ȻҲ˻޳ڳֳͽµӡ
޳̳ʳָָڽ˶üĵһͣһü֮һ͸ӰȡӰһغɫ̻
Щɫ׻ʱʱɢþۺϵһ𣬳˵Ľɫγһ״
ǻħǻ
ʶ֮ȻתԼ˰յʱ䣬Żħǻ
ɹˣ
һ̣ʹϳɳصʹǣǻشԭѾжǲٸԭˣѾûֵ
޳üͷһ˿εĿЦͨղŶ̶̳ᣬףҪ뽫ЩħǻȫȡǲѣѵԼԶԶ㡣
һȥƵĵӲǧһħǻĻԼҪ
Գ
Ȼ
ݣƻħǻܵεٻֱӴܽ޳ڡ
ţ
޳һָоԼһԴԽһи

ܿ죬ǸԴ޳һСС⣬ȥԼөСǻħǻ֮ҲԱһЩ
ǡ
޳˫ȻһָԽǶģħ⣡
ħ⣡
ڰǰ븸ֿȴħĿܣ
գǽһ٣޳вƾ豩ҹݺݵؽ֮ɱ
ʧ֮ǰħתͷų֮⣬ڻһɳ
޳һֱû뵽ڵǷ˱仯
ǣϴμ̶ĻħǻʱΪδ仯
Ӧʱδ꣬ԲŲӳԪ²
ಣ
·Ǹ֪޳ע⣬ǵǹһӴ𣬳޳ͷ

޳ϸ֪ŨŨĿϢһֶ绯ħǻ𼫶ε
Ȼħֳ֮״

޳һڻڤ鲨ϣ˲γ˼Ȼ̳
¡һ
γɵзħ⣬ʱõٶȱ˲٣ʼ

·ǿһǿҵĿХ쫷һ㣬ƽؾ޾ķˡ
һŻħǻӵǵĶͷ֣ǵسգһռӳĵûǿգĪ⡣
һ˲
еĻħǻǿҵХطħ֮УͶ֮ڡ
ܿ죬֮һ棬ڵĻ·ҡҷ޳Ӷڣֳĳ֮״

˷˶ʱĽţǻ޳
֮ڣ޳аԽԽŨأеħ¶
жʱӿǿҵİգλСħǻƣǰеӱȻҲǵֲǵʧ
֪ܣǺ޲ǰȥ޳ǵǵĻħǻ
ʱεţÿһ붼·һش󴸣صûĿڣ
֪ȥãڣ޳˫˲Ũĺڹⱬӿ


1131 
˷˼״ʧɫȻ
Ǳӿĺڹ⣬·꣬Խǵ궼ҪɡֻǴǱĿ־ôҲĨ
ԽԽ˶·Ҫ޾Ԩޱߵĺڰɡ
էȻ
է֣ĺڹȫ羪ߣٵػת޳֮ͫСǹǵļϢɱ⣬ҲǾʧ
͵һ𣬡⡱ص˺ü󲽣ˮʪ͸

޳˿֮һ˿ƣ֮ɫ¶ǰ˵ǱһĨǸȻλʹˣǸˡ
ңˡ
˷˻æ֣ԱߵʹҲͬˡ
޳ɨһЩԲѵĵӣλܷģȻǳ˯ҲܻħǻƣֻҪһЩʱձܸԭ
ЩӶδܹȻȻö˷Ƽ˼Ϊܣæסڵصл
޳ЦǲлңξҶԣջͬǼ󡣡
ǿף³
ЩħǻڣͬʱĻиλӵ飡޳Ȼÿһߵ쳣̤ʵΪΪչ̫죬ûоɵϵͳ̵ԶЩϵǷȱ
ܹЩȫգ޳ĸȫʵһɨӴ֮󳹵״λ
֮ǰұħЩԣĵƣҰ޵ˣδηҾ޶⣬Ҳѧǳպúø֣
޵еҲ֮ж԰ҲǼи飬뵽ΪԼԵʣ㵼°ֱ
Ϊһ㣬оǺ£ɴ˸޳һ־ηĸӸ顣Ϩ֮λġ
ʹ𡣡
޵Ҳˬ֮ˣ޳ȻǲΪˡ˵˴ΰ֮ܲУҲʵ治٣ڸ֮λΣɹλʹɡ
Եʹ޸п
Ǹ֮λüʹݣΪ֮ԴڣΪλ֮ʣ׵İ޵бз
Ӱʵ𺳣
ǣʼһƵı֣·ܹһǶӰͲֵκηϡ
ֹǫˣһҲףҪѷɫԶ˷Ҳҡͷһʱ䣬ĸ֮λ˸õġ
һб仯ֻΪ
޳
ǡ
޳ЦһתʣµĽӥʹܵ°ϮԲŻˡ
Ȼ˴˼ϵѣ޳ľ磬ȻὫЩСϡ
޳ӴУķ˰ʱ⣬ٵؽκáȻ˵ֲҲǱһ
ѹʹûü׵˶Լºֵʵ㱻޵ж޳ϹϾ̬ȸˡ
走˸òԴ㶺˰ɣ
Ǳᣬ޳ָһֲۡһпһϺɫѪѪߣĿġ
ѪһҲǺָܿ޳һŵҩ֮£ɫʼЩ
λأ
޳˼ˣҲǲٵ飬һǱȭǷϷȥǿҵԤУܹ˷֮еĸȫԼΪһܹһ
ԼӶ˷ƿ֪Ϣõ޳ӿŨŨĽȸУ
ļȻǰһǿߵĿšƾԼʵҪӱ֪Ƿѡ
޳֪ԼսȻƥа벽ǳʵΪûдﵽȲΡԣڱ֮ǰؽΪƽһ󲽣
ϡ޳ԣ¡ֻ߱Ƿδɣ
ꡭһͣʵСʧ޳˷Գ
޵ͬΣֺγǣ
뵽ԼԭȽ굱صĺ󱲿оǺһɬ
Կʼһ֣Ǻ׿߶Զʹ
ձֳսʸ˷һɨյ龹Щȡ
ʶѶȲС
˶˷ŭɵ۾ʹͣǸò񴨰ɣ
񴨣ȻأʵӦýɷ۷壬Ҫ¡˷Ƶ
ɷ۷壬ǵҲˣҲһ뷨ǡ
ʹһһֵ򡣡
һ˴


1132 ھ
򣡣
˷޵мͬʱʧϳ˲˼֮ɫðΣ޵вųѾȷʵô
һӴ㸲
ǳ֣ôбضѾżܴڣҲҪһˡ
ʹ˵ͷΪ鱨ĴУЩϢ汾ӵһơ
򣬶һھŵ֮һġš
Ϣ𾪲ѡ
ȷһεı仯ȻǼģϾͨų֣ҲֻܴԼ־
ų֣ôеζʮζˡ
ǲ˵ĸţǲѾĳĬ
޵гһҡҡͷŵӵĻϵԤǡ
һΣ˷ƶûа㷴ֻü̾Ϣû뵽ĵĳ֣Ȼᾪ֮ˣǽʼδ
Ǻǣֹڴˣ֪ҲԶΪȤҵȲֵĵӳˡʹ
༸˶ɫأã˷Ʋų˿ΣʹսԵǶΪضҲܵЩ
ʱҲתǵ֮ţջû˵ȻӴ࣬Ǽ޳ľϲһΡ
ܶпǿֲȻѡΣ
޳ٴ漣

ݣݣ
޳ٶȺܿ죬ѭ֪ԼأѰҵһܵɭ֡
Ӹ߿տԴ˶һ׺˴֮ϣʮ﷽Բ
żɼɽ滹һĢʯ顣ٿĢȻ໡һ
𣡡
Ģһӵ˿ִ֮ͨȻ񷡣һʱ䣬ɫ·ܹɲ񷡣
ǣȻһ֪೤ľ
ֶɽ֡
һƬ򱾾Ľ򣬺ųơ򡱡ʹħɺ֮ʱҲǲ̤˴
һȨѬͷҪ˼壬ɱ˸ƬӲ
Ӵ֮Ҳ˵״롣˰Ǽŭ򣬶Գܣ

޳۾һѡһοٵص¡


1133 Ϊ
𣡡
޳ķǾǸо˲֮͹٣͵̧Դһ
ɲʱһɫĲƿճ޳δٽϬȻгʵεĿ׶
ݣ
޳һǧɷżХƿյ˳ȥڽ֮ϣγεĽص˾
ˣ
͵ػɫ³޳˻˻ÿһ£ǿҵâ֡
ֶһãһº黹
޳֣Цص˵УָһöҩһŻԲĵɫҩ壬ۼȺĿףźܺõıá
һãʤ֣
˻˻£ˮƵľ޴ض޳治ϵɣԻȵ
һ˿˿̰ǿҵ̰
ԣ޳Ǳ鲻䣬ǧ˲߶һʮĵ淨ͬʱĽ𣬽֮˲ɽ塣
ءһϢشɽ֮л£ܿãã֮Сһж翪һʮɿ
˿޳ǧɷת
ֻʵȻֻɷ۷壬رǿ󡣵ʵҪǿһߣս޳ҲҪСĴۡ
ʰ飬޳˾֮̾£ԲһЩŹ֮ɽ֮˿ǰζ˱ǣŵ㣬·ˮ
ģһˮƵĹâ̾ᣬ
ǳ
޳һ۱ϳЩǳƷʼߣԶԶǰӴķ롣
٣û뵽ǵҲ֪ռˡԪ鳰ŪһЦ
޳οٵǳ֮£ҡϣ˿ӵѹ֣ȥԶޱȣֿռ޾ζ
У޳͵һ
ʬ
һɢŨŨʬ̾УޱŨҵǳǴɢ
ʹѾȥ֪꣬ʬɢѹȻõ޳һ
оóΪǰǿʬԼƽ
٣ӦҲۺǳϢϧϢ֮ˣûа취룬ֻܸɵˡԪ
޳ףֻԽңʵͻǳˣԼҲҪ֮ˡ
ϥգ˴ǳʵʣγε̣˵ϡ
գ
޳³ܿγһʵεУͷתһɳɬϻ
һ·һֻſڵľ㣬ȻŸǳɲʱһɹǳγʵԵˮٵؽ뵽޳ڡ

޳аȣеǳʱХ𣬻ˮƵƶǿħ⡣
ħлħǻ֮󣬱ѾγһöӡƵģϸۿǵƵĹâڻζ·Ǻڰǿա
񣬵õǳĹעЩâ׷׻ζҡҷա
ಣಣ
һâЩӱɢɿ޳ڡǸһɳ룬ɢΪÿһѡһϸ˽ȥ
޳ܵԼϢڱǣЩâĸ򣬼ĸ
˵飬ʵʵһֶعĸ֪ˣأҲء
ԣܶҪﵽĿǲϵظõһƬõƬء
ڣЩã
ӣ޳֪ڵÿһϸڷ΢ת䣬ǿʼһִ𻯵Ҳóɱӡ
ÿһϸϸӣһ̩ķ
ģһͣƺҪը

޳һɢϢԪз˳һ㣬б塣
һһ
һɣǸһ壬ɢɿؽÿһ䡣
䣡
޳ŨҵɷӰ֣ϣγһֻ޴Բ
Բ֣ת
ɷںϣ߽٣
޳˫һƾը૵֮ջǡ
ԭΪʹܹҲҪһʱ䡣ǣǳ֮Ǻķһʱ䣬һ̱ɡ
⣬յǳҲǿ׳Ȼһ̧һ㣬һζ
Ȼʶ֮һ޳˫ü


1134 ʮǿ
ԭ
ǳ޳־δжԭȻ΢Ĳԭζ֮䣬µĲֱʶ֮С
ɳԭ޳ԭΪʹȫգҲ˴µİء
ǣԭɢĲһ֮޳ᵽ̺Լ
ǽ޳оǲѾһصĸо·һ类С
ڣ
ԭô
޳зһӻ֮з·ֵĽƬ̫󣬵һƬƺκС
ƽ
һ̣׵޳Ϊһ壬Ϊ˳ܵת۷֮
ת۷ޣѾ൱ڰ벽ǳߣ޳תˮӵԽɱеЧ
˵κΰ벽ǳǿߣǲҪ޳֣
ֽǿ޷֮սʹ벽ǳ۷ΧҲսɱ֮
޳ӿǿҵģ
ʱ崫𶯣޳һȣСǣ
ֱ𣬡𡱵һ
һڽɫĹââȻ̣ȴǴһֿѹǳĴ
·ÿһ鶼̺һɽһ硪
ǳ޵
Сǡ
Сһ޳ϲصԴ侫еĴԴعŻ
ǣ
޳̲סͺСϿԸ֪Сһڵʵȫڡ᳤֮
뵽Լƴƴ˽յսСһﲻӵǿЦ
С˿ʶԼı仯أԼĴԴᶥ޳
޳ǺԴ佱һת塣
ŨǳǲãǻǱˡ޳а
ʱˮš
޳֪չصӣ췭ظı仯֪񣬻߸Ϊ˵в˺Ǵʯͷбһ㣬ݰ췭ظ
ǰʮǣվڰ׵ĵһ񴨵λȻ֮⣬ʣµ˴ϵ£ͳͳѪ
İǰʮ
һ񴨣ţʵǳ
ڶ죬ֺӣǽţʵĪ⡣񴨽ֹδֳʤ
գ˺ƽ֡
˰дĦʵҪʤ񴨣
ѩ֪ʦв֪һϢδֻ֪֪Ů֣һԱ׹׻˷顣
飬ݲ֮һԺ޵е塰񴨣ȥ
Ȼ֮ܣҲһСºԳ
ǻٶһУҿҲֻսճ
ȻЩĳɷ֣ҲԿʵˣרߵĹضǿ·ߡ
һš족
˾ǳ壬ҵй¶棬ʹǵħŰУħҲǲܹ붯ҡ
ǣ˴ζĵϢһҲɳΪӢĵӣ
ƻģ
ͬݲչֳһһҶɵĹʷԣ˵ҽ֮ӡ
ԯ
ѭΪܳĹŵӡһһޱѤõƵ춨Լ
˰дĦ¶̫ξֹڣ
ڰĪС
ŮȻΪг񵥵Ŀܣ˭Ҳûн̫֮¡ϾȻǿʵ˵㣬ɷٵĲΡ
ȴû뵽һιĳϣĪС֣һǵָһòɢĹâңÿԼӡ۱ᷢ
ʮʱ䣬ۼǾòɢ
ۣعӦ
һ̣˲֪Ů
벽ǳ
ھȻ
ͬǳŴţԹšഫⷽϹŵġ¡һħ
ʮѩ
һŮӣܶһۼʱһͷϧֻúõذ˼Ӿ顣
ҲаҪ֮ᱡ
ᱡ֮ˣ򳹵׼ʶλŮӵġĿ
ʱ۾һɣӻΪǧɢڿա
Ϊ𾪵ں桪


1135 ˻
ѩӳɣҪԷǸԼ̵Ӳ
ϧԷȻҪ
ˣֱҪѩץ
һѪգ
ֽâѩ˫ۿϣһɨգնɲʱλΪҲɷŽٵǺ޷֮ɱƬ
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Щϼ׷ŭҪ½ѩϧʵֻ֤һ浹ս
һ˶һȺ˵ȫѹ
ѩһϮѩ׳ȹմƬһɶ˸һƳ漴âɹ
뿪֮һƬѪ̳ɵĵ·
Ѫ٣˰ѩ
һĻˣ˿ǽѩʱһĮȻı飬·ɱǧǿ߶ԣҡ׹Ļ꣬޹أ
޹ء
֮ǿ󣬵˽Ȼĳ̶ȡ
ʮǿߣֽ̾ݰǰʮ֮Уǵĵλι̵޿ɶҡȻʮˣҲΪӡʸ񲻲ֱӽڶԣ

֮
ڣ޳˫˿ȻʱȥãǴеɬ·Ѿȥǧꡣ
ԼʼҲӦץˡ
޳վɨһ۰еĽؾϹлǰ֮ͣɣǰ֮
仰ǿԼ͵־ﶼܺʬ仰֮󣬾΢΢һ¡
ʱѾ磬޳̡
ݣ
޳ɽڴ׼Զȥ
ͻȻ
СȾҡ
ѭȥֻһޢ껪ŮӾŵܣܱߺȡ
ʮӿٵذЩŴвͬϾһɷ飬Ǻֻǳа
һŮӲ׷ĳǰݣκ֪֮Ȼһַ߿֮飬Ҫ֮֡
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޳һۿŮӾҪ׷ӳ£ٵǰһ˳ȥ
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Լɿ⣬һӰ֣˫ü壬Щ޳
ƾҼ紦ѪֱŮ˿޶ԣôҵģҵþѾ˻Ϊʵĳ̶ȣôܱ㿴
ŮӣȻǸղŮӣ˿ڣǧɷɣ
޳ǧɷĿһ˿أɨһŮӣҡҡͷûп
ղ׷ӣȻȫǰŮӻûƫƫÿһ˶ǼΪ棬ԸоڵϢ
˭һۿȥԲ뵽ǾȻֻǻþ
ûпŮˡ
޳˵ͷҲӿһ£ŮӶԻþΪԼƽʹԼҹȫ߶֮£ҲĶ֡
ûˣȻ棬㲻ǵı鶼͸¶һô
޳Ļ֮
ղŵʮÿһȻ鶼в죬ϸۿܹӸıзһ˿˿ͬ
ԭ
Ů˼ΣǶԵأЩ̸ֽվǲġ
޳ԭأüһιһҲҪ̽һ£ҲһѵҪɱ˲Ÿ𣿡
޳ЩεҡҡͷŮղŵĻþȷʵûɱ⡣֣ҲֻǳԱܵķ˼Σµж
Ǹ
޳ȭεȥ
ף嵹Ǹɴ䣬ǵġ硯
ŮȻƣСߣһﻹķϣԺҪȥ鷳ˡ
˻˻
ľȻһСߣĻ֮Сߺܲš
˼ҲǰļҸôοһöĵҩءҪ磬磬֪𣿡ŮСߵգϵš
С߲ؿ飬ǡ˻˻ƺ˵ŲϡĵҩءֲŮǲ鲻ԸŤ壬ɽ嶥ȥ
ιСߣҪ߿ʦ˵öԣҪĻҪ볾̬
Ůƣ¶˷ܵɫ˵Ͼˣȥ档
䣬Աһƿշȥ
뿪Сߡ𡱵һͣ˲ɳɽ̾ᣡ
߸ߵذͷĿŮ뿪
Ǳ޳ߵľ


1136 ǿ
Ů뿪֮ʱãã֮УһĳȺݡ
ƣƣ
һͽ˶ȥһʯĬšͷһԽƣֻнƽγ˼ΪԵӾԱȡ
һƲۣɢعϣ΢紵һ⹴յű֡
ǰǼʯ飬ܲľǺнһ̤ÿһ̤һȦεĲƵеɨɾ÷·Ƶġ
ǣ֮Щʧʯ龣Ѹٻָԭ
һһһһ
ÿһߵóɬǧ
ҽ̧ͷٿȻֹ̧ͷĿܴ͸ش֣Զʡ
ϳһ˿죬૵ȥҲضˡ
¡
ҽأһ֧εļʸ㣬ŭաǲƲʧֵ֮һɫ¡
Ҳֶ˾٣μա
һ
ˮޱߣ½غһӺɨһȦȦããһϥֳһͣƽ
ٿһֱƵļһ͵ն𡣿ӼΪҲǲݣƫƫ뿪֮󣬵¿һ
ǣ׺һɽһֱߡ
أ
ڣǰ̽һץһͷײĿڣõһϷһɫ
漴ͶǱ鿪ܵĺˮңʮ￪⣬ǿٵصӿ
·һ޵׶Ǻΰĺˮӿ룬Ҳ޷֮
ڣںˮӿ˴Լʮﳤ󣬺»ָƽ

곤˿üͷ΢壬һʮ꣬޷ﵽʦ˵ľ硣쳵ѾҵΪˡ
䣬һˮͻȻӿ𣬹Уˮۼ׽֣Хһڿշȥ
һ
Ӹ߿տȥһɫĽֱ쵽ɽ£ÿһ涼ڵũũڸ֡
һһλϰʯƵũصгͷϺ١һͷ£֮
޶ǴҲʮ˸ͷ˰ɣڻѰһϱͲŸﴫڽӴˣԱ߰׷ԲԵϴү߿̶һʵ
ũ򺩺ֿ죬һƵĽչ˸žƵɫ۹֮ɷ֣ʮĿݣÿһŶ񣬾ӨʯΪ
ЩѾͷúǧҪżӣֻŬŻջ񰡡ϴүũ˼ǳԡ
յɽ˵ڿҳԿũһˡǲ֪˶ٻ˼ϧũֻľͷһ˿顣
ϴүȰ˵ΧˮժŮӣĵؿũһۡ
ũ죬¶Цݣ
䣡
鶸ۿ񷣡
ɲʱһεĹ˲죬ǵֱƿҲ޴Ŀ
ǿҵķũɢȥͷ㣬һա
۽絶
һ̵ũֱħ˵Ϣһգۼ˷
ڸֵũˣ봺˼Ůǣһ˴֮СǸղŹĶŮϴү̴ǽסյ֣ǽ˺룬Ǻֻ֪Ǵ͵ؿǽ˶ũ
ķιĵû˵Щһ˿һ
볾һʮ꣡úʧκȥȥ
һƳǳũһֱƣǸȻؿһֻۣǧϸ⣬ʧ
Щөһ㣬ӯһũ˵壬ÿһڽǲͬ
ҲˣһŶûܵõ
ֻҪߣоһˬԽ࣬Խࡣõߣ˷ϻͯļ
㣬ñһˣ죬ԺǲǸýϵˣ
ž
СӣӻЦ
ЩΪƤֲڵŮӣȵطԼƱðϸۣձߵķ˿ҲǱں
ǣʱ˵
Ǿϲˣ
ӣ꣬ũ򡭡ЩġġġģǷҪǿǣ
ǱǿߣΪ֮ʣӿ


1137 Ĵ
ãã򸹵أһƬƽԭŻҶʯֻ̨һҶ۵ȵ
״вͬһʮֿ㣬˸⡣ǹâ̵ֺȵɫһЩǳ߲֮ɫ
ϸۿĻЩâϸ΢ĲͬŨһЩĴĿޱȣԵؽâΪһ塣
һӰÿһɢ˷ޱȵϢҪ˺Ѳһ㡣
ȻʹȾЩ˶ڻͷ
ڣڣһ壬塭֪Ķɾʮ֮࣡
ÿһңǳȻǳ
ȿȣλ֣ҲǺþò˰ɡһƬɫҶϣһӯصߣڳˣֻһ˿ԵϢû¶
ǣûκһ˵Ϣҽӽ
һڣڽĬȻ
ã泤̾һչ꣬Ƕˡ
Ǻǣǳ٣ֻˣ̾̾̾һţͷ״͹̾Ϣ
ߣͷթǿֺڵˣԣüŭĿ˫ü֮ŵɫߺȵ
ҽթ
峤ɫһֻ÷죬Ȼŭ˭һ壿ǿ߲Ͳˣ
ʵ岢壬ֻȳһͷǴѪõܹӵԼȻĿֲ϶ȡ
ЩΪѪ⣬ԣ츳ǿ׻ôɾͣ
ͬʱǵƤѪҺҲΪѪԵʣֵߣƵҩ˵ž޴İ
Ϊˣûܵǿߵ졣
峤ĻȻţҲʵɱȥǳҪپֵΣա
ߣϷǴҽڣϷɣǾħйᣡЩħͷ֣壬ӶʵҰġüָ
ü⻰ߵڰףֱǻ͸Ϊ˵˻ҾͲɱ㣡峤ŭˡ
һ屾׺һ棬һŭĻɫâбɭɭضŽü
ΣҪǾ˵òԣбȥħҳֻҪܽҳҾ̻ҸղŵĻҪҵڵǸҲûжü
峤ͻȻʧЦԭϼһءߣϻԼֳȥҪЩŵϼһô
⻰һ˵꣬ԼѾ˺֮С
ħɺ֮ʱù˼ֶΣоͰƳԦǿߣұƵǿ߾Ƿ֮ǿǳ
Ϊ˼ǣħɺȻٿЩǿ߶ԭȵӵܷ
֪ж˼Ҿ磬
꽣üֳҲ֮ˣΪսʹǳУǾԵٮٮߡ鷢ˣѱƳƣ
üֳ治ֺֽһһѰң˳׾ɱʱг֮٣Ҳ˵ľ飬ԣ
ǣ󲻾ãüֳ̽Ծ߷塪ɽϣµֻ֡
ʹʹʹ
ֱʱ˲֪ɱλʦ˺εصĴˡ
ţ޷̵ֶΣ֪ħɵֶǺεթˡ
ΪˣħɵĳӣղŽ֮
˵һʹһ𣬾嶼ͬܣ
Ȼü˫һɣһüëͻȻɭĿ

峤⣬ϲ¶ֺֻǱ߸ߵһ֮ڶһǵõһͷӴĴ⬡
˺ˣҶҲһʱ󡣽üҲҪˣǴҶ뾡ҳħɵ
˿̣Ҷеİ˵ˡ
˵·д绯Чƾνţǲòͣ
Ա˸ħӵ˵öԣжìܣҶǱͬһĿǲҪ˺ΪϡϾʢ䣬ǴҲӸ֮ѡŵӣ׳򡣡
·һεڣһ߻ؽС
ԵڣҲݴΨһڣҪ룬Ҫ˴
˵䣬ͻȻ
͵վһϴˣͬӥȺһϺȣС㾹Ȼ򣡣
һ겻첻ԣͬѲ


1138 һۣ۷
羪ףȻ١
ɲʱһȥ
ǵӰ֮ʱ˫üһ¶һĨϲظɫ㣬ڻˡ
Ӱһ٣˿ɱ⣬͵̧ͷʱһޱȵĺȻӿһ³Ϲþò
˵޳
һϽɫĳۣĿ࣬ȴǴӱڤֹ֮޳˷۵ԯϣ
鶯޵ĺŭ֮ɫӣһ³ǰϷʱ޿̲ڵСҪٲ֣ϷɾҪ÷ٱڤץˣ
ضÿһֶգǿҵĲ
ʱһֹϹһ˿صЦݣűǣСֵܵĶ֡
Щ죬ԯϵʵѾɷ۷塣Ȼ޳ӵǿĿʥ񣬵ǲΪԷڴʱá
飡飡飡
ԯһ̤֮£ÿһ£жǶһӰ̶ʮ̤䣬ʮ
âãעһۣ۾ƺҪϹӰµɶ֮£һ𶯶˲㽫֡
ԯ³϶һ˶á齣ѵ̫𣿡Ȼص
һԯϣҲ׵ܵܣ΢΢˫ϲˣӼȻǵöܶŭôضȡ֮
Ŷ
ͺʣԯܸܲңʲôȡ֮
λȻЩ죬Ǻ淢ͻԣһ̬Ϊһİ깫Ȼԯ˾֡
ʹǸղŽŵĽü峤ͣ˷ؿߡ
ߣ
ʲԯŭһʲôȡ֮ѵڻ޶ȥԸһ겻ɣڴȻ֮а֣Ҫȥֱʲô
˵У·Ľâ³ÿһ֣·ʱתûɽ
٣
Ҳս֮ᱻһѹֻһЦ˵ף޷Ǿһǿʳĵô϶ڵĳϣܳԶԷ

ԯ·ʲôЦһͨЦһָ޳򣺡ôòΪǸСӵ㹻ʸܽаɣҿʮĻԴֻҪܹ¶һУұ㡪
û˵꣬ԯ۾شޱȵ֮ɫ

ԯʳָһȵ㵨ҶϷۣ֮Ϸձ㽫֫ȫն䣬Ҳ㳢ǵζ
ֻһֱ۱ն䣬ԯ˵Ȼƽδйܴ衣
ԣҳ֣
Ӱ붯һ绨֪֮Ужڰգ
Ǹо׻֮Уĸо
齣֮

һΧʮ֮ڣɷŽ£һ鶼״̬Ӷ׸
ԯϼд֮Ը޳һˣ֪ܽǺεȿɲ
һĨ̵ɫи֣ԯϷ·𿴵һֻ׼еĺԽԽŨĵۺϽнն޳֮֫ʡ
ˣ
Ȼ̧ۣ
һƵͻȻֻеĽס⻹УȻһѹֲסز
̶ءغХһ
еĽ͵һһ֮˳·ʱпܱΪƬ

ʱԯмתۿ֮ʣһĻٿȻʧ̬غȵ֮ܣ
齣Ȼ޴󣬵һΪϿҪǾʩչ߱ӵкǿĽΪ
ǲȻһĽǿߣеĽ޷ɵ
֨֨
ȻҲ޷ǵȰ֮ǳֳһֹɳƣ˱һĸ
ԯԳ˾飬ͨǿѾƽ齣ο޳޷⣿
㣬޷Ϊ
⼸Ѿǽļ£ԣƽ齣ԡ
֮ģ

ԯüͻȻֳһСûж׼СһȻбѿ
ԯĲʣüѭŽ֮ĵλãѿҲǱ鿪
һۣ۷

ԯһĺѪ죺СҪɱ㣡


1139 
ԣ
ԯδ粽ǣһ͸Ӱȴ˲һ㣬޳ǰ
ǵӰĿٷ絶촽ҲúܱһƬ
ݺᣡ
һ٣ȭˣǵӰ֮УȻһȭɳ޳
ǳ֮
һȭŨҵü޿ɻǳЮ磬ƺƵõճŤΡ
ԯҶ㲻ݣȻ
û뵽ԯΪһ֮᲻棬Զ޳ɱ֡ߣΪȷ˵û뵽޳ʵǿȻ̧֮䣬㽫ԯϸɱӶŭԯ
ϧʹûҲʵѷɫԯһټ϶ԷͻȻ޷ֹֻһȭٽ޳
ۣ
⣬ǳǿ߱ŭ֮£һȭ֮죬޳ñΪ㡣
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۾Ȼ죬޳˵ȫΪ޳Ŷ˼һۿž˵Լ汻ɱеĺŭֱҪԴ
¡
һ޴Ӱ֣汳߸߹𣬼·һ㣬һţɭȻ֮ǵصӿ
ۣ
ԯ͵һ˵޳ֳԤϵĻôײɾˡ
ִ֮䣬һӣǳӻӹУˡһ㲨η֮䣬İ𣬴˻֮ɫĹâ
齣֮
ͨɳ
ء
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ÿһŹ㶼ǳȻը֮ʣǿ͵˺ѳ˵ռ䲨ƣõձһ㡣
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ӣ֮̽ңҶܲһн֮ɱɥĲ֮ǲ֮ɱպ򶥼ɻкԣ
ܲȫ޳ԯǶǿ߶ԣҲö¡ԣв˶ѡ˱Ϲۡ
ɥĲ񣿡
޳Ȼǿ˸ղűɱһҲĴõɫһ߲԰ס
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ǿףԭ֮еƽȻת޳
ԭС
ԯӹһ˿Ȼ˶ܶԼ˵֮£̶һ両֡
ЦڷҼӣв֮£Ϊ㸸𣬼Ҳض޼ȡ֮

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֣
ԯһЦһƣ̤ǰ㲻ҪκɣѵɱɣҵҪôң
ԣ
һӰ֣ܳǳϢͬʱ
ɫ䣬ʧȵΣ


1140 ǣ
ΣԶ죬ǿ
һǳػա
֮ǳǿ֮ǿɷȫصĲԭǳ
ֻҪǿǳǿȫһ䣬ɱС
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ԯȻûеȾ磬⶯Ѿܹõ÷ڣγ˶Ļʵ˲䱩һ
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֮ͽ˶һ˸£վͬɢŨŨǳϢ
Դӱ޳ʱ֮ʵҲǻָ˾ųɣԿʩչֶΡȻ⻯ǽķţҲ൱ڰ˾ųɵı𹥻
䣡
ԯһһ嶣նġ֮ϣֱ׺һ룬һ˿Уһ֦һɫɳ
𵴣һɫ˻纣Ƶģص˲˷Բʮ
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֣
λĴ󣬼ΪӺ󵤵һ˵ޣԯȻİǻգŬȥޡ
ϾһǿǶǶɵķչżΪԵİ
ǣ˿ݻѾ˳ȥȻǲˡ
һϺȣƾ㣬Ҳң
Ȼˣô˺ԣԯ˿
ҲУôټأһȡ
ݣս֮зɿӰЩһϢ嫣оʮ߻񣬶ʣµһǵʥڵľ
ԴӱΪʥڵ־Ϳʼ˴ĸĸھ˵ʥڵǱܹ֮ҵõӵָ㣬츳Ȼǲٻ¡
᳤˵Ҫǿܴһأ
ԣһʥڵʵ˲١֣ͷһ޴Բ֮С
ɫԲ̡ˡͻɬĲ𶯶õÿռͬˮ㱻Ƶõɢ˽ǳΪ֮սĲ
ԯ΢΢һͣЦ쵤ʥȫҶ˵ͷߣǣ֣ʸ񣡡
䣬һ̤ǰ糱ӿŭ֡
֯ɵĴԲѹ֮£Ҳǲϲ·ʱܳܲ
һ˲УǧΣ
£ֻɫ۷ֱ죬һ´Ӻڰǿ֮иֳǳ
ǧ䵤ڳ֣ԯ
ҡ
滨꼻ջ𻨡նǷ׷Ļ£ڱĮﶼƲɫǻж޳ά˿ɡ
ټӣ
ףǿ˶޵Ҳǳ֣ԯٺһЦҲûбı£͵͵ɱڼǧĵӣӦûǲ
λǰǰСɡ
һţĿˣǰеİңľսĳ䲻ţ˸ʦһᣡݣ
ʦɲһ˵ģ˸ʦұɱɽ֮мȮ
һҡҡλΣ̻¶ŶƤĹͷˣʶ֪תޣƢġ𡣡
ʦߣûգһ޳ģƾˡ
ңԭ
ʦһëҪᣡ
ԯ
𾪣
ֱȺֵʮӰ֮˶Ǵ͵
ǧ䵤ڣڣɢˣѩӣ޼ɣԭɽˣ𡭡
죡
⼸ѾŵϺŵޣǣǾȻΪһͷǣȻڳơʦ
ԯһĺõԴһѣΣ
һȺޣȫķˣ


1141 ڴģ
ͣ
׵Ĵͣ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ˲˼һĻɵɵؿЩ鼤Ƿһǿǣ
Щ侲粻ôǣȻԸΪôһŵ
ֻͨͨĳ׽һЩӺնҿڳơʦ¾ΪḻˣҲǾû
⣬⣬ǡ
ԹҲОңŷ˵ȡԯҪɱ޳ʱвʹƴ¾ǷǣҲ걻ɱ
ȴû뵽ûüѷ⾪˵һĻ
ǣ
ԯɨ˿ʹΪǳǿߣԼ۷ݣȻǲòɵ
գͣһϣ֣ʶ㲻ÿ񲻶ϣĴҲʮмۡٶǲ׵ɣ
ɢϱ鲻ֺ˿ûκεľ֮ɫһ˦䣬һſˮƵҩɳǰϵЩ賥Ӵ֮ɢûаϵ
Ͼ׾ѣ
ɢޱȣԯڵþ̤£ȻûʵԵĶ֮У·ѾˡžžĴ
ԯɫʱһƬսһſ衣ںĸͲ񣬶ɢݾٶĺ塪
ǣȻѡվڶ棡
ֱ˿̣ȷԼһĻǿҵŸоӿ֣꣬кħܹ˶޸ԸΪ֮
һӽסˡ
һǳǿߵĹޱȾˣǶ֣֮սձضܾ˵ľ档
ΪҪǣڳЩɣ˭ǹ¼ҹˣʹԼʱҪҩ˵ȴһ㡣
ԣں̶ܴҪǧ䵤ڵޣԿһ˵Ǹ벻Щޣ
ԯԼҪºֻɱЩ޵ĻһӦľǸղŻԼֵܵĸС
ѾԼЩȻʼֻҪԼһԣͻ֣
ʱԼҪԵĿɲڶޣվǳǣ
Ǻǡ
ȻһЦֻħӴҶվЦԯһ֣ԯٿ֮ʱҿжٵìܣº˵Σ
ħΪ˽ħɣ֪ķ˶νȫΪ
ټϲѣ˭ǲԮ֣ߡ
ԣվ˳֮󣬳ڽŵնʱΪ֮һɣǰš
˿֮УǴһĨ⣬¾涼Ǻ⡣
Ψ޳ħ߳ĵһʱ䣬һиֳһĨɫ

ԯ˿ħ⻰ʵǸ˺ܴΧٽȥûаô
Ϊƿ޻ɱ޳ǿӲȥҲֻһЦˡ
ǣԯ˵ͷħԡ
Σ֣ⷬڶԷǿ֮ˡ˱Ǵδܹݺݵصһ޳Ǹֳһ˿̵ЦݣˣǸ׿޴͸һһߵףҪŵӡ
ǣ޲ɼڸ߸ǺεĴڣһµС룿
ԭԯȻǲȥĹעΪļӣ˸ʱ佫鵱Ц
һҪѰôɣ޵ǿսȻذޡƽûκεĺ̨֪Ƿ˶Žڡ
ʱǺεȼΪԼڿȫž۵ϣ˽޴޼ңս˸ϣ
һУֻҪԼܹڣͿʵ֣
ϧȴ֪ԼҵĸţǵԼɢסۡĺ̨
ߣӵ˳뱾״棿ЦˣĸӣҲܽѹһǧ飡
ԯ̵ص˴ȥֻҪܹɽǰʮҹܾ֮࣬Ϳšӵ˰Ȼˡ
ԣ
޳һҧ·𿴵һƬ׵֮УһӵĳһԲĬɽ
һеļ֣֪˿ֻǡ
һϷ
ǰķŭõ޳˫һƬѪ죬͵̧ԴضԯһִӺųҷģ޳ڴ˷ģ˷ԣұؽһո¶ͷǣһ˵ϵ̨һʸڶ㣡
ģ˹


1142 ԯĺ
䣡
ףһɫ磬ǧɣ·˺ѿһӡ
ģƾף
ڳĸΪ֮׵ĵһʱ䣬ǾѲ
ɲʱһͶ޳ͶǵӰ
˴ؽ⣬̺֮ǿҵ
һ䱳̺ŵζǳԣǾѾǿᵽĳ̶ֳȡ
صĳ̶ȣ
ʥ˽⣬£Х
ʵΪ֮츳̫ǿӶȻ֮ϼΪԴһȻܳ׸ıһĵò
֪֮ʱӵʣպض°빦ǰ;ԶԶԽͬˣʹһ·ֱϣֱӽʥ֮λ˿˸о֡
ڳ֮ˣȻʵҪʤ޳̣治ó޳ԣһ޳񣬶̲סЩĽ

ʹԯ۵׶ǲ¶һĨɱ⡣ǰĵ츳֮ǲ֮ɱպпɴ󻼡
ǣͬôް޳ͷԼûа취ɱ
ǣذ£ض޳һۣǺãҵ㣬ϣ㲻ᱻڵĵɱ
䣬ת˸߿գҲ˵һ䡣
ݣԳֶûɱ޳˿ٶ˵κγ滰ֻһЦ
ǺǣãҪѵõԡ
ħЦǺǵشԲЦ޳꣬Ҳڰɡ
޳΢΢һоһӡ΢в޾κˣ
ܿ㽫ϵɫζȥȭǰ
ֳ汧ȭΪ񣺡滤֮ĳ
Ҳ̧ƣ˰ԭ޳ȻλҪѷɫһ
ղ޺ճ֣ȷʾ˶޳֧֮޳ĵλѳƽƽ
ӰҪʤһ
пԭ߷ŵۣ޳ύǿǱˡû뵽Ŷ̶ʱ䣬꾹Ȼȡ˾˵ĳɾ͡
Ӣ۳갡
ûһоԼʱһȥˡȻգԭΪСѾͷ˴У׿Ѫܻһʱ
޳ֵֿˣл
ҵʦһлɢˡ˷׷ױãѹ޳֮
пŵޣӺ޲ܸ޳عһ񣬲İ
ٶЩƽҪǵĴǺһۡ
ݣ
޳ûе飬Ͳһϰ߱лˣֻмסЩֿɰޡ
漴һΣ羪һ˵׷С
ţ
ոս룬ͺХͶִÿһȥںˣ֫壬һּΪĵĹ۸С
Щץˣһ涼Ǹ߸ƺҪ޳ץ𣬸ԶԶضȥ
䣡
û޳֣Ѿ̲סˣûһ⣬͵һŴڱ㽫ɫȥ
ལ
ɫһؽؽ뵽ڣܿõȫǹâǡһһ֮䣬СۼԵøΪʵ˲١
ǣԭô޳΢΢һ㵣ȻЦ
ֲлɳСǸԵӣЧ˵ǸΪˡԪ͵
ȻЩɫֲ֮ǳΪҪԭȻ޳õ޳޷֮С
ͬԣȫСǵĲƷ

СһУƵؽԴ޳й˹ƺҪ͡
޳һЦָԴϵһǣЦ֪Сˡ
СȫСһƢԣ˿佱ƨߵߵŤ˼£ת޳ڡ
кܾã߿֮ԯ񣬶ǲɢ
ղСӵʵǿԣǲǣһСص
ǲʲô
ԯҲй;˫һɣ㻹Сֹܹڵӵڶ㣿ھûģ
ϱŵɫһףæʰ׵򲻸ңֻǼ꾹ܵסһУеҲԿⱻߡ
ߣûеְɣ
ԯûмΪϣֻЦҲ˵СӵʵսǲҲһǿѵھǺ۸ģ
¶һ˿֮ɫɽȻ确ҶʵҲһһģοǽύһˣ


1143 ֮
򣡣
ʧǾһ㣬æס죬б˼ȵľϲɽԵ
λϲڹ̬ԼģԯǸоһͨ͸ˬ¶һ˿Цݣղ޵СݺᣬӵĶ֣
͵̧ۣԯ˿ûѹԼĴ㣬ӴڵϢشķ
СӶҲˣܶһʱաǻղ㲻֪Ҹұ֤֮أҪǸҶڵ֣ܣҪܵ裡
ģ
ǿߡѹֲסŭһΣҪǰȥˡֿ죬һѽקס
ղһΪʦͷٻռһȡΪԯһݻǰȥѰơ
ǲռʹЩԹ۵ĴУǲܼ֧֡
дв֣ȴǱޱȣѣŭ
Ī
΢΢һЦʦ᳤Ĳõľ֣ܴƽ⡣Ҫ򣬳Զʦδеˡ
⻰Ȱ벻ʵ־䣬һԯõɫΪ֮һ䡣
ǱߣҲǻȻ򣺡ԶԶԣҲͿˣʦǺε츳ӾҪԶʦ̫ˡ
µҲǷ׷׿ڣһͦ޳
һһ·ֻҪ޳֣һ谭̸Цơ
ԯЦһȺϵļһޣ
˿̡
޳ѾԳأ˵ǡءʵСݸΪǡ
ʥСҪ˲֪ٱ
˻
У޳˿֮¶һĨ𺳣
֮УܲĿռӡ·򱬹ֱǿӲΪһ塣
ȴһ㣬Ŀȭâ֮࣬ǰһɵĹ֣״ƺǱβ͸Ѷγɣ
һβͣ
޳ڸɬü˵뵽˶˷ЩϹŵս뵽˴пĻ棺
ҲֻǵȾ׵Ĵڣɣ
޳ǿҵ֮ȻԪ鿪ˡ
Ȼ޳ܸо֮дݶ֮ϢΪŨҺƽ˳ºͣ޳ҪΪ˳
֮һڣõ޳ڴ΢ϸ·ø棬һſžֱƵ
ԭˣ񵥱ѹֿ÷ԲٴԼС֮ͣôʵС
޳ĵоóֻҪЩָ֮򣬻˵պǱܣһ̨ס
ʵղغĴǣǲάԵ򣬸ΪҪǣҪЩӱıУѡʵĵӡ
һŨҵ֮ͣ¾һӹţҲܻòĳɾͣ
ٺ٣ööۡ
æ˳˷ܵش󺰴У޳ɣϽɣֻҪ㹻֮˾ٶȻָΪʱܴһ֮
֮кܴİԽ࣬ȻζָԽˣԲŻ˷ܡ
ָɷŽô
ԪϰԵشþָ۷壬ܰ޳æ
һҭסˡ
֪Ԫ˵ò٣֮İҲǻָɷ۷ˡǾͲܰæˡ
ѵõԪǰƵȥֻɷ۷壬Ҳһ
ϼɧܿһ𣬴֮бһϲ֮ɫСӣ
ֻһɫ֮Ȼɿع塣ԣ޳ڰ
ʹ޳Źֵļ˴֮ҲѾǴﵽļޡ
֮Ѿܹת֮ͳͳԼ
֮κһߣǾԲӶ࣬һֵĲҲǲмˡ
㡣
Ԫһ
޳û̫ܣͲ֮ԣֻҪܹǿԼʵ֮٣ȻӦȥ
һ㣬ǲ֪
ͻȻ
޳ȻֹԪ׵һ޳㱳󣡡


1144 뱦
ţ
ͬʱ޳Ҳѷ֣ԼȻһȦʵİ׹⣡
Ȧ׹ĳ֣õӾ֮ϽٳƾնһظС
޳˫ü壬˫ü֮¶һ˿⣺
Ȧ׹Ӻζ˿֪顣Ҳûдذ׹вκεĶ⡣
ע֮󣬻Ȼͨһ΢ϵ
֮⣡
֮ͣ͵һСһ֡ɡøСɡ֮࣬϶ҲԽࡣӶܹõĺôҲԽࡣ
޳˫üһֶ
ʵܺ⣬Щرǿһ·ײĵرͣʵϵ֮ǿʢ֮ʡԪ鲻ʾ֮͵
޳΢΢һ㵣Ȼĳ˲ţǻһޱȴ˵ء
һ£ҶҪܻһЩΪϵĽλ˲һ͵ȵϹŴУӶΪԱһҪײǽ
䣡䣡
޳ߴһһ͵һгһͷ˸µҰޡ
ͷҰΪȥɷ٣Ѱ޵ȲΣҲӵлǻˡ
ǣȥȫûκεǻ۲ֻ޾ɱ¾Ϣ³ɺĿ
ԣ
޳ҿһšǿɷ֮ҽ֮ϣԵһ˳ȥ
ݣ
ҽŴХһоصҰ޵ĸըԵȫעظ
ʱҰڰһͣը
ۣѪ
һƬѪϢ֮У޳۾һѪҺ֮һĹâ֡
ǣҪץȥ
ಡһֱֻٶȸ졣˵޳ҲûдԷȥԣֻƽ֮ȡС
ץסˣӡ
ֵһ꣬Ŀֺӣֻһ۾ǡۣ׽䡣
ȥΪԼҲɷ߽ٵӣǲ֪ʲô޳˫üһ
ԭֻһŵͼ֮
ؽâ£¶ʧɫеľһ˦޳ŰɣžʯҲᱻϡԸϽȥⱦءסˣϡġޡˡ


1145 ⱦ
ⱦأ
޳סǿ֮漴иܵŨϢԹƣôһţ൱üȫʱЧ
öۡ˷ܵشԾԾԵЩޣͳͳץȫɱ
һζԸ߹Ĳһ壬Ѱĵ͵ȷʵС
޳ָһ飬Щؿ꣺һ£Щޣ
ף
꾪ȵһ̾Ϣϸɨ޳һȦصһﵹǵ׳ÿ԰ɷ߽ٵΪ͸ȥץޣ֪η
˶٣ֵˣѵϣֱȽ϶ԱθڵķϣҾָһ㿴Щɽ˰ɣ
ʾܣȻĵͨиһأڱ֮ҲЩ޵ˡ
صĴھΪ˸ޣûа취ͨӶΣߡ˵ÿһضıܷۣԼܵ˺
ı࣬˴ľǻⱦءҪУȴҪȽһ֮סˣҲ֪㾿ʲô򣬿ԼĴҲһǣ֮УΪȱľţΪ֮ɣ
˵꣬һΣī֭һ㣬ɲ塣ܿ죬ıʧ
СҲɷ߽ٵΪǴúܡԪһ˼ƽ޵ľԼǰá
޳ЦЦνصΣҲһƬġ
ŵĺ֮ɫԼĽֻ߽սĻ굹ȷʵʸָ㡣
Ϊ޳ϲ˼ΪŨҵս⣡
ǹս֮֮ңԻӳ񷣬ʱǿҵĹ⻪ܴѾǼΪ޳ؽ֪֮
һս⼴ʹȫҲвԼҲûж⣬޳ûиһ̽˼
ղԣҪɱޣõ֮ҪȽ⻪ⱦزС
޳Ĭܿ¶˾ġ
һΣѭղָʾķ򣬺ܿ˹ȥ
ʱ޳ˡⱦء
ﲢԭеһϷصıݣһʽĳǳءܵĳǽܸߣͨ˸Ļ⡣
޳ؿǽѲһЩǻεޡƺܵε˿ҽӽǽ
żڳǽһƣʧ֮µ޳֡
ۿһĻ޳Ȼ֮ǰЩ֣޷ӽأôδģԭһش͵ֶΡ
ɱ
Χһͷͷޣۼ߶飬Ƕ޷ǿĹڣ˽޿ɱԿ֮ȡһ֮
һĻ֮󣬸Щ飬ʱȡɱȥ
һѪȵɱչջ֮߷˹Цҵģڵõˣ
ۣ
û˵꣬һ֧ɰüģѪüĹ䣡
ѭųȥֻһźɫֳۣһѰ˸߳ز÷ӰȻ
һԾĺصߣûа䡣⣬֮⣬ɫ˶ҪѾΪ˵ɫ
ʳжָӹɿһ˹֮С
ȫΪһ˵߶עϡ
ԼԼʱܱըϢƣüȼһ䷨𣬷ΪѾﵽɷ۷壬ʱϣΪ벽ǳǿߵס
΢΢ͷѹƵһĨ⣬żȫҿ¡֮ǰ˵⻪ⱦص޲κһߣֻңڣһ㣬ϣεؼǽȥ
֮κջ񣬶Ҫڵķ۲öղܾΥߣǰ֮
˻
һĻһˮͷ˴ͷһֱ˽ŵףЩڿ֮еߣһ侲
ڣ
޳һû뵽Ȼôˡ
ʱûжֱǰ
û֮ûеĻǬֻҪ㹻ԴҲǿءһס޳ȥ·
޳˳ȡǿ֮
ףȻСҲڵӣԷó֮Ǿûа취ˡ
ǬĻǿԳûȡЩô
ǣܲˬػӻ֣ȥɡ
޳˳֮УӳľȻһĹ㳡㳡еһĻУõһ


1146 ֮
㳡طָΪÿһ򶼳һֹŹֵİ͸ɫ
ƬȥЩǾ棬һ΢Ļ棬ԼԼƺӰڻ
ʱģһ㳡ӽ˺ô֮󣬻һ龵档
漴жһӰ
˴Ϊͬѡ벻ͬԽǸߵȣеԽǿܵõĺôȻҲԽࡣ
һӽ͵ȻΣҲԽߡѡƴһҲѡúõشڻⱦ֮С
ҪҪһһŵ͵ֻ֮úõػȥǲ鷳
ⷬȻ֪Զ˵ٺܿ죬ҲǷⲻͷ
޳ͷ
У֮Ƿ֮⣬ϱϣһݲκεּۻۣһΥŸղڳ⣬Ҳˡ
⻤ӵĿղǿ¡֮ԱŭǲΪأҪɱӺ
Ϊʾһߣһɱһɷǿߣ
Ե
޳ڹ㳡˰ʱ½ʼ˴гһڳ֮ȡһ֮˻ӡ
ȻЩҪƴһɹôȻࡣ
Ҳһ񣬳ü˳Ӻظصؼһʣ
չأһĻô´ξҪţ˲ǿ
走ЩһѳТôܹõٺôϵ֮ԲһСĿˮˡ
йһ㣬Ԫ鵹ѵõͳһҲǹһԶԶԣЩһһֻֻﰡ
޳üһɨһ¸߾ǽ֮ϵġ¡漴תͷҵЩ֣ЩӸղ˵֮⡣ֶ֣ѵ᲻ɣ
ӸղЩӿУ޳оóƺ֮ҪΪںһЩȽ֮ԵòôҪˡ
⵹Ҳһ֮Ҳʱ䣬ȵȿɡԪ
޳Ҳ㣬ɨһۣЩðյߣǻвǷֱռһλãϥ
ܣһֻķٻȻǶ˲ôΡ
ҲҺǽıؾ֮·ڵķأһʱ䵹ûгκε©Ҳû˻ʱ¡
ǣ޳֮УԼһ˿˿ǿϢЩȻ¡ӦҲ
ﵹȫˮһ̲أҪƾǿסˣ²һ׵顣
޳аͬʱЩ֮ǰĴꡣӦҲڻⱦأûмӰӣѵǽˣ
ҹɫ
޳ͬϥţû̫ƣҲֻǱĿһѧһѾѰ߲ͬΪϷΪǿԼ⣡
֮ת۷壬ȫ߶ϾԶԿκΰ벽ǳǿߣ
֮⣬ͬҲ޷г֮磬Ҳܹһɱﵡ
СǣѰ벽ǳǿ߶ս˿⡣
ʵϣ޳СĹƣٻЩƫˡСʵһİ벽ǳǶ֡
ֻ޳Щϸ̬Ը⿴ԼҺˣʶرСκΣյĿܡ
⻪ⱦزŸ޽Ч֮ҲԸŨ޳޵ش߶żסؽ֮ɡ
֮֮󣬺ܿõϸøΪõģÿһŶǱüա
Լ֮У޳оԼǿڽһǿԤٽһ㣬кܴĿƶһ߶ȣ
Ҫ֮С
޳аƾԼ֮Чʵ̫ˡ
Գ˼֮䣬һ𣺡ˣ֮ˣ
޳͵С֮֡УͻȻһſŰ׹ð
ݣ
ǵһӰӳǽ£ǵ磬ܿ˵
Χ۵ߣвǰЩԾԾԣǵڵӳ֮ȨһףջǷˡ
ûж೤ʱ䣬ǰĵٶԾԴ˿˿ѪϢһϻ˲ʡ
ǣ϶ŨŨ˷֮ɫ
ʦ֣õˣһ˷ܵؾ֡
ã
¡һ⣬ӳǽϷ£һץʦе֮⡣ܿ죬仯


1147 Ϲ⣡Ϲ⣡
ལ
޳ؿ¡İɫ֮⿪ʼɫٶȼֳŴ֮ɫĸо

߼һĻסĽص¡˵ǺðȻܵõô֮⣬ټȥҪ˶֮ȫתΪɫͨڶ㣬̨ǽһֻҪܹΪɫɹˡ
Ǻǣ¡һԣųƣȰռһأñ֮⡣֮۵һ̶ȣռϷ磬Ȼնˣ½˳ˡ
˵֮֮вʣЩ˵ʵûѷɫڿ¡֮޷Է棬һ˶ڣҲǹ˼ɶԷ
Ը¡ףǵĴʦֽɽŭɾˡԣƾ¡ҫҲ˵顣
ͨڳһһ޳֮ܿáԭȻ֪ҪǶǰУ½Եڶ㣡
ڶҲһС̨
ĵֻ̨ҪӵһʵӰɣû뵽һͨȴҪԷӵ㹻֮⣡
ԳڵĺôȻܴ󣬵ǶҰ֮ԣջڸأͨ飬õԪĻᡣ
ԣ¡һвŽ֮⿴֮ء

¡˫۶¶ϲ֮ɫλʦˣΪպɣλʦܡ
˵У˳ȥʮ֮͡
ЩڵҲǽԣС̫Ӷ顱ζ츳ΪǶûκοѡǰʮ
ԣΨһϣǿ¡ܹȡúΣպɾ͸󣬻ܼǵԼ˴ӶЯһ
ǣǷ׷׵л£Ͽ¡ƨ
¡¡
ͻȻһǿҵ
ǰľ飬޳Ҳ˾תͷȥһĻ֮󣬲ߣٿȻ𡪡
Ϲ⣡
ŨŨϹһиֶЩâǵ㣬өһ㡣
ǣУȴǳһ޴
ЩȻȫ֮⣡ƷߣֱӴﵽߵȼɫ֮⣡
Ϊ˸оֵǣǲǳҲǵġ
֣


1148 
Ϲˣãû뵽˼Ȼ汦ҲүҲעҪΪǰʮ֮еǿߣ
¡һЦ
ԱߵʦǼ״ƨʦţҲԸűû

¡ĵˬԿ伸䣬Ȼһŭȸң
ЩΧڸߣԭȼɵ¡ĳԼƣлмֹ˼ɡ
ԣǲ¡
ǣ˿ϹһȺôջ󣬳ѹǶڵľ⣬ŨṴ̃ռϷ硪
ݣݣ
һӰȥֱ˼֮Уٶȱ¡ҪһֻҪܹõϹˣǾӵ˽ڶżʸ
һ;з졣ز裡
У¡Ť÷࣬һ羪Ƶؼȥֱ׺
䣡
ִ֮䣬ǲһֵ˳ȥâʱһʵѷ߸նء
ʱҳһţмʵ߶Ǽǰһ֮ʸѿյ֮
޳һǽ˼
ǰһܵĳ˱仯
ղڹ㳡Ͽһ΢ƽͼڽвŷ֣ǹ󣬼ֱһƬԭʼ硣
˵߶Ǽǰһ죬εĿġ
֮УһſŴɫ֮˸һССĴС
СǺ˵ͷȻ˴ѹֿԵõϹ⣡Ľص
ÿ߽֮󣬶õ֮⣬ǽҪ뽫֮ǿȫһƴƷ顣
пܻɱһͷ֮ͻȻԷڱ֮⣬Ҳпնһʯͷʱ֣֮ͬȫûеһ顣
Ϊһ֣ʱ˴ˡƺôһȺˣرܵľˣĪأ߾ͻһȻͻ֮š
٣ҪڱĵطֻǱ˿
ֻص
ʵԴ˵Ҳûʸ¡֮ԽǴһְˡ
ԣȻǼ˵ùӷ̬
һߣ¡ɫ֣ҸһλᣬֻҪ˳ҿԲƽð
¡ҪռϹˣδ̫˰ɣ߷༥
˫粽ã˭ûнǺ޴ڸеĴϡ


1149 ŭ
ŶҪڰӣ¡۾зһ˿Ĺâв˼ǳԡ
٣һüȻһЦտƵģ֪ڵͷˣʲô£ڽ̵ʱǲǸ߹ǣ¸Ͻ̧ŵͷ㣬ûô
ֳĸʡ͵ĵƣüһھɱȻ
֪ҵı£
¡Աŭˣһһȭ˶ԷԴҾͽ㿴ҵʲô
Х
λ絶һи߳һҲһ沧Сķġطɶγһڵľ޴Ӱ
Ӱ
ڹҲѴﵽ˶ĲΣԶһĹ
ȭδһǿѹѾǺƺƵѹ֮㣬õĲΪ֮ս

ſǰǿһĺü˿һ˿˿Ѫɫâüëʼ𽥱˴Ĳɫ
һͳͳըѣһӱǴʮضļ⡣

ȻĴѪ壬ǱضӵźܸߵѪԣһѪҺõս


1150 Ѫ
Ѫӣ
Ȼ˾
ڳˣмּʶ֮ǲȻĴӵнӽԽ
УܹƼ䣬ݣһѾһˡ
йʱȥȴҲԽԽ٣ѾǾڵ
ǣǵѪȴǺش
ѪΪؼıǴѪʣҲ׳ƵġѪӡһѪӣܹһߵʵһ
ݣ
üü֮һʯĺɫѪҺֶ˫Ҳһӱ˳ɫתŵֻ߳
⣬Ѫӣ
һĻ޳ݺݵһڳѾõĹԪͻȻز
õԪ𲻾ã޳֪Ҫǿõ֮ĶֻսſӵУ޳ѽ֮ȴԺлӴʱ㡣
ڣѪһԪȴȷݳ˼Ϊε
·ѪһƷƵģȥɣ
ѵѪӣҲܴ̼Ԫ޳¶һ˿ԾԾԣԪҲǼΪ档


1151 齣
¡ռĺôѾ㹻ˣֻһôҪԸóҳ֮飡
üϺһ
˶ϢüҲûʸ¡սĻǱضǸûϣˡ
ٻʩչ֮ǾʵüΪ֮ף
ΪƾһСֶΣѹסҿ¡Ц
¡һЦȻŭһģɽ룡
һȭȻó˽ƣһƼ䣬ǧߴбоȻһ嶣
Լ֮Σɽȥһɽһɽ
䣡
һȭǿҵķХɽزʯֱ£ҳǿҵıը
Х𣬷˺ֱ֮˺üꡣ
齣
ü귢һֽУ͵ضٵأһֻԳ㣬ֱԾ󣬲ִٵسųȥķ
ˣ齣ನǽӴ˺üļ򣬵һұ
﷢ĲҺüȴǰӶֱͣ˳ȥ


1152 ֵĸо
˻
һ̣֪˾ſ¡˸βסľ
ȻüٻӲ̫࣬ǿ¡ܹ˸ɾؽ֮ܣʾʵ֮ǿᡣ
йƣʹԼȫ֣³Ҳü£ʤ¡
˾ҿ¡ռϹ𣿡¡Įɨ
˲ԽƫԴ߽Ӵ
Ǵһ֣ô¡ԲǶ֡ǣĻض
˽˭Ϊ֮Լȥȡ˵ĺô
¡һЦȻˣϹⱾ㡪
٣ôˣϷôôƤʹûУͻȻһЦ
䴦ֻǴеϹ⣬Ϸʵˣд˲м
ٺòڵϹ⣬ʶһҪôĺ𣿡
ɷ߽٣ǿ˵Ļȴ˿˼ڳǿߡ
·ٶǿߣУֻֻ߹
ţ
¡һһ˿Ȼؿꡣû뵽ԼסвǿߣȻɨϰ굹˳
٣ǸʲôҲ˵ķݣ
һüͻȻ˳
䣡
δ˵꣬궸Ȼֻ֣ú¡һһɫıӰݺݵسߵϣ
ޣ
һ֣ƱޱȣѸһ˳ȥֱӽü߳չѣ屻޴ø߸߷
ৣ
һų裬һתվ̤ʵգ趯õο٣һ˵İɢ
⣬꣬ʵ
һ̣֪˺ݺݵ˿ڿˮд˲˼顣
ڻⱦд˺ܳʱ䣬˴˼ΪΣ໥֪úԣʵߴɷ۷ĵüߣȻһųʱǼֱǼƷ˴пȻӿǿҵĲ֮С
ԭû˽ϣϾĴǻⱦе׵ߣ߸ûʸϹ˵ᡣ
ڣΥһ޿ɵ̬سǰ֪˶۾
٣ڣ˭Ҫ᱾ٵϹô
ɨղſ¡ƣ˵֮ӡֻеɨ޳ʱ΢΢һ٣еζ·Ϊ֮ôҲ˽
޳û̫෴ӦֻһĨЦݣ˵ͷ
һһЦͻȻָһһﵹȤҲգͶԵ͸ɡ
ָ䣬һϹ˹
ߵһǰɽͳȥĶҪ˸ҴԽǾҪ飡
˿ǿϹ⣬ǹһʵҡͷһЩõͷ
꣬濴ȥǰ㣬ֻһζǡ
޳а
Ϲ˱ɿֻ֮һţѾǵˡƥﻳĵ
̫Ļʹ壬Ҳáһţȴ̶ϸԼôֱ֤Լİȫ
ģ¾ǾþˣҲ벻ȫȴ˸ס

޳һתܿ콫ǿϹ塣ܿ죬İɫ֮ɢ˵ɫâҲоԼƬ磬ƺȻһϵ
֪֮УԼһһܸǣ浽Ƭ磬Ӱ졣
һغôԼҲĳЩɬĵطøΪͨ͸
ԱĿã޳˫걧˱ȭ
٣
һ㶣漴ʧЦ૵һȱٵ׻󡣡
֪ΪΣμ޳ʶҪ֮ӴԲָ㱦عԼ˵ľٶ
ԷķӦû̫ļˣҪƿڴˡһٶ޳˿ûԽܡ
Էȭʾʱлӿһܳĸо
Ǽ
ǰɽٰ㲻⡣Լ۳츳Ǿ֮Уô˱µ
ʱ򣬶Ŀ¡̲ס˵ˣԼһ޶õӣһɱŰ֮ӿ𣺡ϻϹˣϽأҿԲƽϡ
٣
ǰɽϰԵһЦҲϻе컯֮ⱦأһ


1153 ɽ
ƾ㣿ֱԴûûˣ
¡׼ŭϺһ͵һ̤
ˣ
һ̤ȻԼɼһزƵݺݵغգõÿռ֮гơ
У·һغǵصسҪҲϯơ
齣
£
һ̣¡ȫǧëףÿһޱĲ֮£γǿõ֮۳һÿһжȽ磬ɭȻĿ
䣡
еĽζǵصس˴ǰɽ
٣Ǳپ㿴ƾʲôʸⱦء
ǰɽûκƣǵ仰˵֮˵ĸоǴһ꣬˲ɳΪش󺺣һɲҵɱ籡

Ȼɳ̣д˻㾪Ѫȼҵ˼µϢ
ǹϢ֮£ǰɽͣϵ֮£Ҫض
⣬ǣ
¡һ۾֮б˼ŵɫֻϢһʩչǧ⣬Ǿʹ˽Ͳƺһ㡣
أ
Ȼ䣬걩˫һɽǰԷۣ
ֳ̽һץֻ֮вͣǿҵĵۡâ˸֮䣬һ忪ʼ֡
ܿ죬⾧ǾۼСɽһ㡪
У
޳һ仨õıֶΣ򾳵սҲͿôһ䡣
ǰɽ˿̣۵Сɽֹǧٱ
һɷ۷壬ָԻɱǧ
䣡
ǰɽֺݺݵһ˦ɽݵһ˦˳ȥһ·žžĵը֮ϣСɽ˿Ƶģٵͣգ۹ǵڱһգƬҪȫӰ֮С

һ춯Сɽݿһ㣬Ȼŭ֮У·ʨ˼ȺеĽӭ顣
Сɽ֮֮ɢϢͳͳʧøɸɾ
һ֮£齣ƣ
ڣ㻹е֮
귢˿ԣһ˿㣬ԵúǼͣ˱˵ơ
㣡
һǳδȫܹ˵óڣ¡ٶһͣ
֣Լڶ֮£еֱ˺ڣû㹻ĵȳ
ǲ
߲羪ףÿһ߳涼һҵ𶯣ǰγɵʵʣ˿¡
¡ɱбƽ⣬ɷ֮嵴ɫɷһƬ˿һв㣬ʱпϨ
ۿſ¡Ųס
˭ǰţ
ͻȻһ룬ֺһ֧شغġ
ڳ˶ǾһַƵҪƵĸо
ǽܵ˲οֱǰɽ
ۣ
ǰɽ˫üһ壬һ֮ûѹסһѪǿٵ˺ü󲽡
ʦ֣
¡üӿּȵľϲ֮ɫ
֮УۣܿγһӰӰģ޳һֱ۵ʹ࣬˫΢ϣգ˯˯֮¶һ־Եĸ߸ơ
ɽڱ֮ˣ˵ڶ㱦ôôܼʱ
ı𣬶ķ֮壡
죡⽭ɽѵѾﵽǳ
ԣķʵǳһβСľ룬Ӧֻ׼ǳ
⽭ɽ츳ھšԯ𡱡ǣʱҪԼͣΪ˸õغʵһչؾʮ꣡
Բ֪ҪߣԣΪҲǼΪǿ󣬽Բñķ
㣬Ҫڽ֮
ɽԿ¡ʻ˿ᣬֱǰɽ˵죬ÿһֶǴӺֱʵһ㣬ڰչݡ
һ£һ͡Ȼڻصʮĸ𵴣˴˽γһޱȻҵĽ࣬һŴ۸ӵĴԺ֮С
ۣ
һѪǰɽҲѾΪս˿ɢ
սȻǧų棡
ۿһĻɽ¶һ˿⣬̰֮ɫӿȵеϹ⽻Ĺͳͳ˵ҿ㲻
ʹڴ˵۹ǰɽս⹦ǼΪ˿齣
ԣȻǿռ֮ġ
٣ҪүүĹΣ
ǰɽһڴѪҺ˳һϹ⣬㾿ǰɽʲô̶Ȱɣ
䣬ſ죬ȻһڽϹȥ

ɽɫһ䣬ŭǣݺݵһǰɽļ
ʵɲзϣ


1154 
Ϲһ£Ҳ޷¾ǽɽˣҲû㹻ʸԴϵ̨սڶ㡣
ܹõЩϹ⣬ҲĴԣǰɽľٶмΪŭǿҵıŪĸоӿ
䣡
Ƴ羪磬һ̣ɽٵǰɽս⹦һһҪ֮նɱ
һƺХը֣ǿƥϢʣ˲佫ǰɽûϢ֮£̱ſգһռ䡣
ޱȹһĻˣƬռ֮гϸѷ죬ѷ첨֮䣬۳˰뾧廯Ťþ
ռ
˺Ȼʧ
ǳǶȻ˼ΣܹաһΪɱǳɱӡ
ԣʹʵޱȵĿռ䣬Ǳһл飡
¾Ǹղǰɽչֳǿʵ˿ҲֻǱɡһˣֻֻź񣬷׷׵Ͷ˹
أ
ڣǾĿռѷɢΣսĵٶŵسǰ
ʲô
⣬ôܣ
֮Уǰɽö˶˵վţ˿ûа˵ģǽ˵Ļ˻̫֣ԽܵǽɽɱһƾȻסˣ˰գ
ǣʹǰɽˣͬһĴͣðβų³һ֣


1155 ¡
Ŀֻɽľ⣬ڰգͣǰɽǰҲδǰֺ
ǰһӰȻӭŽɽŵһЦ³һ֡

𾪣
ޱȵ𾪣
֮ǰ˭ע⵽λ꣬ǴꡰǰɽָͳöϹ֮󣬸ʵ˶䡰Сӡ
˿̣һ֣ʯƣ쾪
㣬˵ʲô֪֪ڶ˭˵ɽ۳һС޳޲ܽȥ
޳Ӷ̧һ£ֻĮȻ˵ڴ˽񵥱ԣһ˶ýڶ㡣ԣؼ
ԭ㣡
ɽ۾ش֮ɫ¶֪ǰʲô
Ȼ֮УΪ򶥼ɣۻ롣ԯܵѹƣ޷޳֣ǽЩ̣ȻһЩϢ˽
ѶϢ֮У޳´˱ɱ
ΪĳЩ׼ȷؽ޳󴫸µӣҲ˽ɽһμʱûϳ޳
ڣ޳ĳ֣ԼЩ׳ˣ
ǣ鳹£ƥɱӿ֣㣬ҶԼʦΪƾһЩʵֶΣΪΪɣ
ΪΪô
ӭ⣬޳΢΢̧˫֮б⣺룬ԣ
䣡
Ľ޳һ̤һ淨漴ʮĵ淨һ壬ٵγһΧȦÿһӰ֮У֮ңǺƵ졣
ʲô
ɽɫˣʹǸղ޳һУ̫Ҫں֮Ϊ޳ϸܲвԼ
˿̣ԷǽƳǹǿ֮ǵصس֮ңѾȫˣ
ɱ
СӣңزúҽɽģأҲҪҳʬΣ
ž֮ŭصǶ˿ΪǱĮȻһն䣡
ǧɷ޻Ǹ߸ߵ̾ὣ֮ϣǿĻһʮĵ淨֮У˽֮ң˴֮䣬γһƥ֮
أ
ɽǿǰȫûаս֮͵һͣⶴȻɢ
ʬΣ
Ӱɢ֮ʣɽŭȻǾþûص
ࣣ
һ֣޳˿֮ǧɷһܿջڡ
ɨ߶ʶתͷȥֱ棬ɾΣ
꣬Ȼĸڻɱɽķ
һᣬɣ
޳תʣµڵӣĮȻ
̫ˣҪǣڱزưոݣ¡ɫ
ԭû֣
޳ڿ¡Ȼþ֮Уüɫâһǿɨ
¡
¡۾ֱӱ˺ѳΪ飬֮ը֮ʣ۳һȦУֱӴͨͨ
ã
ʣµĵ˾ţУǷ׷׻֮⡪
֮һ飬Ե߱ԶͳȥһȻʧȥٽһĿԣҲǲΣա


1156 Σ
ৣ
޳һץǿ¡֮ʷɳǬ˳֮С
ԱĿиܵŨ֮޳ص˵ͷ
󣬳ܿһۡ
޳ഥǱݺݵشһ£æתͷȥ޳ȻǲЩˣ磬ص˵еĳǬһǿ˳ȥ
£ٵƶܿ硣
ꡭޣ磡ҵ״磡ȵҰ
ȻһеĴֻǴ׷޳󣬿ٵ׷˹ȥ
ԭһ߸ϵ̬ܶ޳ЩչˣҲһơ㲦̬ȡڣʶ޳ս֮˸һٰʮȴת䣬еӲƨĸо

һһӰʧµ߲ų˿ǻһۣ֮жд˲˼顣
ãһ곤̾˿ˣ翴Ҫ˺ǡ
û뵽꾹ȻдսǺֵ꣬ʸߵˣҿǰʮ֮λĺ˵˭أ
٣⵹ǲãȻǿ󣬵̫ԸˡɷΪʹսս·һοղŻ˽ɽķԽɽرԸΪң𣿡
һ仰˵ͬһĬ֮˸пǺǣɽ֮˳ڱԳڿޱȣ⸽ʮءǿôһҪ׷ɱֻ꣬ڽӣ
̾Ϣֻ˿޳Ͼ˫Ĳʵ̫
һǹ¼ҹˣҲͰ벽ǳսһӵڵӴʵ׼ǳʵ
˭˭ӣһ֪

磡磬ȵСܣ
ңң֮ϣһӰȻͣסԴεؿһҴꡣ
ǰߣ޳ɡ
Щǰɽ׼һһ硱Ӳ׷޳Ҫ˦԰쵽
޳жЩ֣硰ղٶȣܱ׷˸ǰ󲻲֤ǰɽĹ֮ˡ
磬˵ǽɽΪԵڸеǱҪǲϽߣǺпܱΧ
޳˵꣬һΣֱ¡

ָܻ£Ǹ


1157 

޳οٵؽ䵽һɽĶˣϥ£һԶشγһ㡣
һһſ֮Ǭ֮зɳٵظǰ
³ЩľǿҵĺХܿ뵽޳ڡ
Ȼˣ
޳֪Щ屻һŹֵʼɢܿ뵽֫ٺ
֪޳زĴһſϸǷ˻õӭ˴ӣϵء࣡ը
ÿһϸը֮󣬶һɲȻŭѭëײйԼԼγһĹ
νǴ죡У鵽ʵδ֪֣ԭΪһȫ黯ֶΣӦòˣ
޳ǿҵĸΪﾳǿ壬ȫ롣ǲˡ
Ǵ죬ǲ޸֮Դ
ִǻڶʵ֮ϣǴ纣꣬ǿڱһƬ½Ǹֲ
Ψˣǿ

ظ޳֮ЧҲԽԽԣÿһǳŸΪܡķ仯
Ȼĳӡᵯһ£
ˣ
޳һڸֳϤӰתɢԶĵϢ
壡
Դ֮УһУ޳ûлὫ֮ʹáϾȫʩչҲʵõ̫ԵЩߵζ
Ǵ˿̣õ֮ע֮ӡøΪһЩָоһҹֳԭڱ˻ƶȻǲԵˡ
֮ǳҲڲ֮У޳оԼһǿ֮УƮƮȻʱָԷյĸоԽسС
ٿȻ
޳һ𣬾һֻεƳ֣ؽק˳˿¶һ˿ΣǲҪɣҪ֮һޱȿֲ
Ȼӿ¡֮õֻ֮е͵ȵľʯİǺܴ
ԳȻ޳˫һ壡


1158 깭
ɿ⣬һ˿˿Ĺâ֣Щâ벻Ǳ˴֮໥ӦԼйһӰ
Щâǰɽóûж⣬޳֮ʣΪ
Сӣˡ
޳ӿ˵ů⣬ȵЩø֮⣬ǰɽ˼ͬ

֮⣬õ޳ǳҲļЩǳۣ˵һſԲعͣ
ƺʱܳǧ֮⣡
ԣ
ͻȻ޳һ
뵽ԯ۳֮ǰɽĲ֮ͬǰߵķ˵ĸоǼΪԲʵҪΪһ㡣
Ҫ࣬һʵʣһ޵Ӱ
ǽɽķͬǰʵĻ޳ʵƾ֮ܽն
ɽʵûдﵽ֮׼ǳ֮ĳ̶ȣ÷ﵽʵʻĻǵվһˡ
޳˿ǶԷվ׼ǳ֮ĻƾʵȷʵмԶԿ
ֻа벽ǳ۷ĻȻȫвˡ
ΪҵǳҪʵࣿ
޳ʣ֣ѵСү츳
ң
ԪһƲСӣ޳б˵ķɡ
Դˣ޳ȻһЦ֮
޳Ҫս޷⣬֮ϡʱҪýô¡
ԣ޳ʼ˾֮ˮ
ɽ
ʱεţתۼ䣬Ѿ졣
У޳֮в֪ԲʮΪַ죡
ǽɽĶ㱦أһ׷ɱ޳
׷ɱǳŵ˾޶Ľһǧ֮ԼȱĶ벽һǳŵɹ֮ڵ飡
ݳŵνǳҪ֪ĵλߣ¸ǸƼ¾ͬΪ۷档
ܹõǹĳϣǼˣȻǴӡ
ͨɽķʽٱãԺܹõ
ʹɽĸߣ֮ǰõԯָ㣬ҲǲҶ޳´
֮£·ƵƵ
Բʮأ׷ɳԼΪ£֯СӣķУü춼ǷƽĶԹͬ齨飬ĴѰ
ϾΪǴﵽ˰벽ǳ֮Ǹ㲻ã׾͵ʴ׵³
˿̣һ֧󱦵齨ɵĶ飬Ӹ߿֮ӹ
ףԣ
ȻһԲͣĳе֣мǷŴ
ţ
ȵļͣĿۼˡ֪ȻòѪӵһ
ʶϢ
λͬ˴ϢΪӦöɷ߽٣ɢĲǿᡣңǵ䶼󣬷Ϣе
޳ڴǻһ
Ȼ˿Զ֮⣬ƾһ˿޵Ϣжϳ֮ѶϢʵɲ
ˣӦþǣĿ뿪ⱦʱΪ߽٣̶̼죬ǲ̫
Ϊ׵Ĵֺ˷ܵ촽һޱ̰ɫ¶үҪ깭ռô
䣬ε£βľˣҲǿ¡
ļӣԥһ£ջǺݺݵҧҧܣϢȻǿ󣬵Ҫ˵ܹԿ벽ǳǿɵĶ飬ǲܣ
뵽ǽ֮Ҳǰ಻סеУܿȥ
ͬʱò˯ԴС׵ǰɽػһƵģݺݵһ飬վųǿҵս뾯裡
깭Ȼô
һۿǰɽ깭ȷеĲ²⡣
깭棿ҷ洫ӣݰʮλǰɽüͷ΢壬ص
ף
ϳԼ깭Ǿ԰Ǻǣû뵽ȻϵҡҲգұһᣬֻҪ㽫ӽǣǿԲ׷
ǰɽ񲻶³깭汾ΪѾﵽ˰벽ǳ߲㡣ȶ޳֮ǰֵΣоڲ֮䡣
޳ڴڱչ֮У֣ܳοԷʮǿԮ˵Ϊ˿ѷɫԼ
ô죿
ûУᣬԺѵõˣ
깭ЦصȻڣرԸӦҲ˽⡣ɲҪ򣬷Ļ㣬һ


1159 ˭Ҫ

ǰɽʹԴƺ򶯣¶һ˿ԥ֮ɫ
ˣÿɣϽ뿪֮ǰð֮£Ȼɽʦ˵ٶ׷ɱ
ֺ깭溬ЦһɽʵݸӴɽ
Ҳдʦ֡뽭ɽмֽ飬˫ʱˡ
Ϊ֪ǰɽʵǿᣬԸνŹ˵
Ǻá
ҿһۣǰɽ¶˾ģ˻֣Ȼ塣һΣҪս
֣Сģթ
أӴСС۾ɵԲҪĳۿ
䣡
ʱ깭ڱһϳǳ½ӵǼΪߵȵ֮
һľۼ㣬һֻȭͷնһʧص̬صغϡ
ֻпʼһѿ󣬻Ȼһȫѡ

֮֮ɥ
һּΪߵȵţڹؼʱܹȵһʣ깭ǿһ١
ˣ
飬깭ѣһɣͬʱһǳϢ
ǰǵӰ֮Ǻŭ
ϧ
ǰɽǰԼȭͷһĨź
ղϧӣΪľ깭棬Ӷһٽ֮ɱֻҪ깭棬Լסʣµˣֵ޳ز⡣
ϧ㲻㡣
깭棬Ȼ
ȻԼ·˵֮ҲҪԹûиᡣ
깭񣬴ӸղǰɽĳѿѾĲϽԼĽ飡
ƫƫԼûʶƣЩش
һˣкȼ
ٺ١
ǰɽͷʼһЦ֮ǳϿ֮ɫҴˣҴһʼʹˣԸһĻһʹǰǣˣԣҷΪС
깭ͷͻͻֱۿǰɽֱڣŪԼк޲һ
һһŭȥɣ
ԣ
һ̸ֶ˵аġϸۿЩһϸܵķģЩĹ֮䣬γһöӵ״
ԣ
ηըɵĹâǵصӿҪһ񷶼ȫ֡
Ӽ
һƳǳŹŹɵ깭³ɲʱǻɫ֮Уѽѽ
ǰɽȻǺں·ϣѾޱء
ҷŵĹǱԷ仯깭潫кܴĿԵǰʮ֮С
ݣ
ڸҵ֮УһΪ΢ХɵĻ֮Уһ㾫է֣Եٶǰɽ
ԣ
ʱǰɽǰͻȻؿըÿһը֮ʣÿһ󶯵
ڣը֮ͣ٣֮еһĻ¶
˻
һĻǵǰɽҲ⡣ǰһֻȭͷСӤ壬ڿա
ӤȻðۣǻûһɰϢƤһɫиûκ
жһɫĳƲɫǰɽ󽩳ŵһָֻ׶̵С
СȥС̺ǿϵײ֮£ǿ

ӤƺҲֽ֣ܵʳжָͻȻŹһɣһһ㾫Сǰɽ
ȣ
ǰɽаֵʸδѾս⸽壬ݺݵһȭ˳ȥ
Ǹʸͣ٣Ǵȭŭȥ

ǰɽֽһǹǿϢζʱԿ֣󣬵ÿһǶݵ˺˿ռ䣬˲ưɿ⡣
ԣԷļʸʼδ
ҲԽͣΪ޳Ϊ޷
ȥȥɱǸСӣ
ۿ׷ǰɽ깭һתͷ
ǳ˲֮ʳ֣̫޳𣿡ǰɽŭȣǰ

깭״һЦ׼Ѿõһ벽ǳǿ߼ͬʱ֣ǿĹһ
ԭĿǰɽ
ۣ
ͬʱ벽ǳǿߵĹǰɽ͵³һѪ嵹ء
ߣ̵³
깭һ̤ǰ֮Ӥ䣡
ˣ
Ȼһɼ˱Ϣ깭ٿȻԼǱжϣ͵ѪҺҪ̡
ڴʱһĮȻ£ڣ˭Ҫ


1160 ȥ

䴦·м֮£õ˽֮Уá
ʱǵϥӰӭ˵һ
ĲȻȴ̺һֳȻƣ·һӴޱߵǳƶÿһ߹ǼޱߵĿ𶯡
ˣ
·Ǳشݺݵôһ깭ɫɷһƬΪԵɫ
ȻʶˣԼ֮ǰ˵ԤϳƫԷǱ׷ɱһͷʨһֻޣһħ
ɱɱ
֮£깭淢
֨֨ӤȻһбӱչ۾з˻ɫĹâޱȵ֮ɫֶ޳
ţ
һ޳дӤһһӷ·תǳ޾Ī͸
֨֨֨֨
ӤеĹֽԽԽԣ˿һ㣬Ȼٵήȥ˵ɫ
̣깭һرɫκ֮ɫϿٷǡ
ڡ

޳ĿϺȣ֮Уһ䴽бֱӤ
а⣡
һɱа
žžž
ӤӦ飬ɢ⣬֮УһҺ˰Ļɫֶ
깭桰ۡһѪ׻Уһήȥ
֣󣡡
ʣµİ벽ǳǿߴʧɫ
һϺȣһǿİ벽ǳǿ߱ήңǺεǿֲɱ
һιâͷ֣ţЩâһţγһаɿӰ
Ӱѹ
Ϊ׵ǿͬȵ
ٿȻݡһ
޳ֱ֮һɫӰӰٵӤֳҺ֮һţǽ֮ȥ
һȦӰԵøΪʵ˲١Ϊɵһ˦β֮еӰ
¡
һ춯صľ죬֮дǿҵı֮ѷ˷俪
ɲʱӰһް㣬·֣ը˿
ۣۣ
һƺ𣬴ڵѪǿǿޱȵ֮ɫӿ֡
ԭȻǼϣ󷨿һǣǡȴû뵽ԶֶûУһֶαųõԼһȻ顣
Ⱥ󷽣һӼƲһΣԶߡˣǰӵʶϢӡ
깭汻ʱͲ˲ߡԣڲ֮ʣûгȫ
񣬼Ʋתӣ

ʣһβͳɢһӰСǡӤʵҷժȡһֲ֮飬ƶɡ
鱻ɢ֮Ȼ֡ΪƣѾûǣպÿԳΪСǵѲƷ
СԴ߰漴ԴиֳһӰӰǰӤ񣬵ͨɢʥĽ⣬һ˿а
ԣ
Ӥָңһ֧ʸգۼӹɵľ룬ݺݵضǼӵĺġ

ӷһҽУ͵һͣأȥţһνɫѪҺ󱳸֡
Ѫӣ
СβһʱǿѪӾ˻ɵصݸ޳
޳֪һƬ⣬Ȼǲܾ˳ֽѪӽӹһůڵõùԪٶ˲١
ѪӶԹԪĲʵԣܵõʮţӦÿﵽԻɱ벽ǳǳǿߵĳ̶ȡ
޳а⡣
һã޳Ż˫
̳˲̵ʱ䣬ǰһǿȴ˵롣Ͼղżӵǰ֮ǰСǵĻҲѹû˸ӡ
㣬㲻ܶң
ۿ޳Ͷ깭һΣԭȵڵȻ޴棬µֻһƬ塣
вҷǶɣʦַ̤ݰǰʮľţǸɱңһ׷ɱģ
ԣԣ
˸ŰǻϵҲǣҸ㣬ϵͷˣ͸ҷŷʦһǸɱǣضǰ׷ɱ
һԣһ
ǿУ޳֪Ϊ׷ɱԼڽɽµѪҲ˽⵽ʮضѾۼһأʱп㳲ǰ׷ɱԼ
ۿ޳ΪԼвãǰϲ֮ɫ֡
ڴʱ޳̧ͷǹճһĨŪЦݣԭۼôǵãʡһȥ˺ǡ


1161 ڧ
ҷء
⴦ԭʲôѾûἰΪλԵҷŴʦ֡һǺȻ֮
ʼ˾ᵽԭ֮⵽ΪпĶԴ
ԣҪã⴦رǹ̶ˡҷ֮
ڵҷط֣Եɱڷ׷ɱǷĽʮص춼һߵһ߾ۼ˴˴
ߣδ̫˰ɣϼɷ֮ȥǳ룡
һɴͨ˸߲ϼ͵𣬳Ϊһȵ
񣬽ǿȻȴһر͸õ˿칬нٶ¡
࣬ŨŨı⼤㷭֮䣬γһƬƬ
Ȼָ𣬵˿ŭݣһƬƽ
ôϼɵģǲ
ٵһЦһ߽ߣԲģһֻƤվ
һۣΪĪ⡣
ϼһͣʶغһɨһۣȼôˣʶϢȻǿ󣬵ҪռôĻδ̫˰ɣ
౦֮˾ǲ˵Ǳʮͬ
ЩдΪɷ۷壬ֻͻ˰벽ǳԣʶϢ塰ӡʱЩ㡣
Ͼ߿ǻʵư벽ǳǿߣ
ˡ
ʱ򣬶̨ϵذ˰֣ϵķ߷֮ɫ˵һࡣ


1162 ˣ
ǷҲ
ӵɨȫһÿӹ
Ǳ񿴹֮ˣжһݣܿͷȥΪΪҷ֮֮ף
ң̣켺֮߶ֶΣԼʹҲ˵ŷԡ
һ
գϼѹֲסȵ֣ӦҲǽ֮ڵĽУͨ¹ŵصΪֻ֮ͷˡҪռеǽ֮ҵȣ𣿡
Ȼ˵Ȼ˵ǲ˻ǿȿ

˵ͷ˶Ϊؿ֮ʣٿȻ̧ͷĿ֮һƵĺâ

Ҷ֮ը㺮ֱϼؿڡ
𣡡
ϼһżһ嵹󷽡Ӷݵÿ죬ǵ㺮âǴ˿ռ䣬γһǿı֮Ȼ

ؿ߹ǵһǿҵĶ֮зؿһ𵱳һѪ
ʦ֣
ϼɵĵæɱǰһѽס÷ŭŷ𣬵˸ڳԿ
ҷ֮飡Ʒ
ͻȻ˾һ
һ𣬶ʱ˵ĿⶼͶ˹ȥǰһĻʱǷ׷׵һ
ֻؿڷۺɫĹڣһƬ֮УӤͯӰ֣ÿһһƸ£ͨҰף깭ĸһݹа
ഫҷΪ𣬼ԦԽġ顱ӵԽǿʵս֮лƾս飬ӳΪǿս
ĮЩߵĵӣջҷ֮飬˫ֱʲôǵʵĵңҷţǴ˴׷ǿսȻӦӵһ
ʶϢһ壬רѰϢ٣ռһкβɣ
ϵڣսͬۻ룡˭רңվ
Ҫѹˣ˼ʹٴĲϼɵǰ֮ڣҲ˳ͷ
ǺáȻҶû飬һзռȶռݣʣµ֮һöҪ
ֱ˰ţǿƱƵڳ˲òͷֻСӵͷЩԡ
أ
Ȼһ𣬽һžʯǰХ룬ֱӶǽ
漴һ𣺡ҷصģˡ


1163 թ

϶ʱӿֳһƬŰ֮ɫϺУ͵һΣֱƵ
һڱҲк棬ʲô˾ϻͷϰëң˾թ˷ϣ
ৣ
һӰٵسڵ⣬ǿǰһĻʱ͵һɫ
ǣ깭棿ǳȥ׷ɱ֮ͨô
ʶϢˣ
ϵڵӣ
Ұٻڣ
һֻ깭˱һִĽɫƣɫί٣鼫ΪǱ뿪ʱ緢ȫͬ
ʦܣ
һ깭շҲĹ൱һ߹
ҲҪˣԼ߹˺ǣţ൱ڱ˺ݺݵسһƣѪҺȫԴ
λûһ磬ֱ깭棬ָצ͵һץȥ

ƽ΢бĵڶ𣬻ΪһɫĻӰңңرܿһץ
һĩĵӣȴЮ֮ӭȥײ˷ơ
ž
ѪɣŨζ
ѵ˵ĲЩҪꡯƾһֻƣҪСүսƷͳͳߣδ̫˰ɣ
Ȼɢ֮УһݵӰ̤
ǵ̤Ӱ̴֮֮ͣϣٶһ
꣬˵ʱȻ㲻ããգ·𳹵Ϊһ塣һ֮߳ȫһϣ޷תƣ
·ǹ⣬ǻ𣬱֮Ψһ
꣡Ǳͨ꣡ն˽ɽһ
˱ϳ޳
һ£ٶȺݺݳһ˭û뵽ʮþȵһ׷ɱ˳Ľճ
ǰݺ׷ɱ飬շǵûɱ꣬ţ
뵽˸ղŻȻۣηڵĽǾ;úһ
ˣ
ռͻͻֱݵض޳Ҫҷˣ
Ϊȫ֮ʣճ֣ķʽںݺݵسһǰơ
ѵ˵ûô
޳Ȼؿһ۷ٿһĶͷȻҲû˵ɣһʮе֮һ⣬ٿһˣΣ
ָǱ벽ǳǿߣȼ밲ţǲյĻⱦءӿ¡ϵõջڴˣžۼҷصǣӦҲŶԡ
ȥ˵
˺޵۾һƬͨ죬ҧгݵҪ޳ȥթˣû뵽гһվȻ˿թͷϣ


1164 û
Ѱ·
Ѿ˼㣬һ˫֮׵羫âէ֣ݡһâֱ޳
޳һЦܣֻһһĵ˦˹ǰ
䣡
ӵ֮ɱ屩ɢΪޡ
ನֹâ˺գֱײһεĿնԷɽĹھ޳ʱ㱻һץȻץ顣
ʦܣ
һĿѣԼеӱ޳˵ƣڷ޲ǰһҧԷ
޳һۣ鲻ֺԣ깭ڵˣȻҶɱģôҪбɱľ
Ե±Թǻ޳
֣С˱ӵֶвҵȣǸ󱦵ĸ飿ʦԼһΪֻ
һĴȻղŷɱ˶ԷˣУյӿ
һ˴ı飬Ȼ޳ͬԷҲŭġ
ϾԷʵֲӦʱջɱСûôǲԼ˵ϡ
ôһͻҷŵİɣ֪Ƿôߵľ򣿡޳һϷʣؽ깭ǣǰ
깭ɫৡһף˫̲סطؿȴûпġΪ֪ԼλʦǺӣǵ²̨ʹԼܹӹһ٣պҲûкùӳԡ
㣡
û뵽޳ĸô깭ҲɱĻպҷڽΪ¼ҹˡ
ʹеԸҲʵ⣬ֻΪη塣
ԣĶôߺޣ˿̶ǲòܵ޳вȣ
ռһ飬ÿһǰؾĵӣţպҪ֧ʢĶΪһͽȫڴˣǸ֮ң֮ң
ûʵһݺݵҧҧһ˦һ֮ҷˣ
޳ӹɨһ±㷢֣ûжֽţȷʵװ˶ٿе֮
еӻң޳ûжŭ˼㡣
޳΢΢һЦ鲻ŲæǴݵصҵˡ


1165 㹥
ӭŷȻҪһ޳һЦ˿֮ɫָ赭дصһʡ
Щˣ
պݺݵһ飬˿ǿɱ⾡¡ؿһ޳ƽúҪλͬ밴Լ˵ۣ׼֮
˵ţԼжһӣĶ֮ʹҷصķ棬һóô࣬ҲΪʹ
ûжȻǲҶ˵ֻò鲻Ըͳ
޳һһӹһô࣬Ӧ㹻˰ɣ
лλ󷽣ϣ´лٺ޳˲һ仰һֱ㽫깭˦˹ȥ漴ʹкǰɽһ뿪
ৣ
һͳͳͽҷأһΣ޳ǰ
ɫ࣬һӲͻһͷޣȼҪ˶ɡ
㣬ߵ𣡣
Ҫֱӳ˹бųڶУ˻һ䡣
֣
ʶϢվ˳֮һ״ĻâζȻֶ޳Сô˷ֵ֣
˵ͷ֪⡰ʦӵֶΣ˼ΪݡʹԼ֣ĥҲ֮⡣
Ѿ޳˹Խǿ޳ĥԽǿģǴʦ
СӣҴϸܵʶϢһϢǸһ˰ɣ
ʦ̫֮ıˣֻ촽ܸоóǽˣһԶкܴİ
޳۾΢΢ǰʦͬܵһȤϢϢѪӣ
ǹճһĨаȵЦݣ޳ңҲôġ
ȻʶʱǾ͹ԹԵر˰ɣ
ʦû޳˼һֳŨŨĺ֮вϵشɣҶɬĳת֮
ǹԽԽңĵ߷֮󣬡䡱һ죡
ٿȻ䣬һֻͷСĹ֣һſǺᵶһݣֲ̬֮ȴĵ־⡣
𣡡
ţӹдֵڿգ˺˿޳ÿɹһ磬嶼Ǵһ֣ɾɹǴŵ£㹻һ¡
˻
˶ǵһڴ֮ǰȻ֪ʦսͬУǾþӦޡ
񣬵ʦȫ֣ǲ֪ԼԤʵƫǶôأ
ǰʦйĦ֮˿̸ľųһ亹ȹĹ֮£мʵҲǱɣ
䣡
ڣǵӰ֮ǰ͵شһţݺݵȥ

һƵľ죬رպ֮£վŨҵĹٶֵըҩ˲䣬Ũ˵ߡ
Сˣ洫ӣһ
ʵСӵмֿȡ֮ʵ̫޴ˣȻıǮⲻôѵΪƾԼʵԶԿҵ֣
֮һʱĳɾͣҲֻͬһתۼţܹҫķ
ҿҲˣˣʵ˲٣ܹסмˣˮ¾ʲô
Ȼ䣬һ˵֮
ѭȥٿȻһ˼顪
֮У¸¹ֽУڵĸ˼Ϊ¾ɣҲ̼öĤһۣ඼Ҫ顣
ǣƾνл㶼һֻסֻ޳񣬿ȥʹǹȴ类ǯǯУѡ
أأ
ĹֽԽԽСһ㡣ηһš
ӣӡ
޳ʦɫԽԽѿ޳˫֮оһϣ
ۣ
Ӧ飬ûΪ㣬ѭƾ޳塣
㣡
ʦ۵һѪ˳ɫ৵һҰףԵȥϢһ
˶Կһʦܵ˼ΪصĴˣʹպƾҲָܻ۷ʱڡ
пܱһˣ
ʲô
ŭ˽ʦΪƣԲŸתۼԽǺεȾ˵ֶΡ
ʹҲܰ쵽
ԣǻɱһͣЩȴ֮⡣ڴʱע⵽һʱȻԭˡ
мɵ֮ȫȴɱ⸴㣡


1166 Ӱ
ʱǹɢ֮γɵĹ˳޳ڣ֮һɭɭĻ档
濴ȥΪİɻɫûôʻֵɫͨһֹìܸС
棡ѹ㾹ȻܹƽʦӣԭҲֶΣ
Ȼ޳лƾʶҲϳӦ壡
֮УȶʱƾΪѪĶԾ
ܶʱ򣬸ߵѪ壬ʹΪȶֵ̨ףҲƾѪ֮еѹõö
޳ʤԭͬڴˣеļɵһɨգɱ⸴ȼ
ӣһһ
޳·˿ûпı飬˼
ղʦʩչĹ㹥Ա𴦣ӻûɣ޳֮ɣ˳Ƽ̳һֶΣõӸһŶԹԪǶһЩ
ӶԣΪĴڡ˵ԽӣܲЧҲԽǿ
ʱѹָ
Ϊһ壬ʵ˵Ҳ壬ԶЩȽ˽⡣ǿ˼µ壬һ־һٰʮѪӣǵʵʯ쾪عѣ
޳ü֮ǰӴܵʶϢ壬ǸղŴϵʦѪӲһţǵʵѾǿ
ӵа򱶵ѪӣǸǺεȵľ춯أ
һǿȷʵڣԪ֮У֮УѰҳ
ԪЦһﴵúأⱲӿһǵǿߣ
ǵͨ죬ҺۼӲҲ̫Եþȡߺһ˭˵ҲһûУֻλλ
֪漰˺εأټ˵ȥ
ͷ㻹Ҫװ⸱ģΪŪñɵ˲ɣ
޳ѹԼɱŭһĨŰ֮ɫһɫ·ٵԮϡ
䣡
һ̤Ũصĺӿ˹ཱུĹ峹סƬڣ֮окͷޣڴڴڵԪ
ҷ߰أ֮ٻ˾
ֻоΪḻ˲֪ʵҷƵ֮鲢֮飡
Կһ֡ƷĳλԶΰڵģƷ
ഫλΰĴڣ֮һ򣡶ҷŵĿʦмһĻǿҵ𺳡
ҲǻԵɺϣĴ֮Уռһ˿˿֮ϢȻ󣬽񶾵ֶǿǣγɷƷ
ܹõǿɱУпܽƷٻ֮ɱ⣡
¡¡
֮Ʒ֣ǵСŤ֮ɫֳŨŨѪɫ·Ѿܲǵѹ
һӴ嫵ӰֻͨɫÿһƬƤ˵Ųأ㽻֯ͼ
ÿһͼγһӴͼض֣
⣬ΰ
ĳЩضȻǶԣ֮ȫǶҪԷҪˮһܵòٱܵ顣
һǿ˾
ˣ
һ٣Ǵѿһ϶϶֮޾Ľ⣬ҺƵģǵصй
ţ
޳ҲǽֳһĨ֮ɫüâȻתѾоˣٻӰ֮ǿԼǲĳЩֶΣпܾҪˣ
䣡
һȣֻӤƵ߾ֱۣһٵسͷ֮ڡ
ɲʱҺƵĽγһ֧Хдؾ룬޳
ԣ
޳֣ٿȻһֱ֮зڶ𣬱ӭϡֱ˼ʸǰʱ͵һŭ˱
ͬһʱ䣬ʸӦֹڰ֮в

СɣԷӦǼŭ壬һվ޴֮ǰ
໵һһŴڣǾ޴Ӱ
ͷ£
ʲô
ɫŵɷף黹ûзӰ֮䣬ȴʵ塣
Դӿʦ£Ӱһֱڡȴһȥ
ʹǵ濴ǲšһ뵽ΪԼԵʶʧӰ
ԼΪжţǶӳͷ
𣡺𣡡
һϲҳ
Сȴ˿ûзķģһ˼Ϊ˷õĺ
ı仯Ϸˡ


1167 ɽ
ˣˣ
߿֮ϣӰƺ¶һ˿ֲֻ̬֮һ̬˵ĸоΪ졣
ӰûΪһֱעСڣ
΢ĲϴСǵ渡ֳһѪ⡣Ѫ룬صذ棬һ϶¶
ԽԽŨѪûһɫ󡣲ңɫԽŨӰԽҪȫûȥ
񣡡
𷢳һıĴͻȻһִ˵Ĵ֣ݺݵգץӰ
ΪԼԭʧ£ʹԼΪţҲһ
ԣһеش߶ȫľѪǱץӰ
ۿЩֿҪץӰС˫нɫâţȷŭк
أ
һХСβͳؾ𣬺Ǵһʯ㣬ײÿ֮м˺ϣ˷ؿڣ
ۣ
ǻѹֻһѪҺٵԴ۾һӱͻһѪ˳ȥ
ŨѪֱۿ֮˳ܿɺ֮ϣγѪۡ
˻
˶ǵһǽ͵ؿСǣƵջβ͡˭Ҳû뵽һķȻһķʽܡ
Ҫ˵ö֣½Ƕû㱻Էһֲˡ
࣡
ޱȾ޴Ĳ࣡
һ£Щ޳ʧӰ١ЩԭȽҪúʰ޳죬һսͣ˭ٶ˵һ֣
˸ǰ˺󷽽Լ±޳ע⵽

޳ûʱȥǣеעСϡ˿̵СǷ˼Ϊı仯忪ʼԵ
ս֮ʱʮֻͬһµĽ˿̣ʵʵڵǣ
ָоһͯ𲽳ɳΪһ꣬˺̶ܴϵĳ졣
ͬʱѪ⿪ʼΪһſǳģ̾ܡ
Ѫ壡
Ԫ龪ٺٵصСһ츳Ǿ˰ȻôܽжѪ壬ǽ벻ڴһѪܹ֮ʲô츳ܣ
Ӵ֮ʱԪҲۣΪԷֻͨһֲ
˴۾СһͻƣսٶȲ
ʹ֮У츳Ǿˡ
ǺǣѪ壬ϴСڹŻеõĺôлȫˡ
޳˵˫üһһĨŰ֮ɫȻӿ֣
ߣֲȻŵ˶ˣǲΪūͣйͷ֮ޣ
Ե£һֻ԰׵Ľ籩ͻƴһѿСǡ
֮˸̺˼ΪǿҪСʶһ飬
𱨳Ǽ٣ΪԼշһս棡
ǽɽʦ֣
ʦֵ˾ͺˣСҲŰˡ
нʦڣͲᶪʧ
ղŻһή̬죬˿ȴǴ˼Ѫ㣬һ鿺ܡ⽭ɽΪڵŵӣΪˣഫѾﵽ׼ǳ֮
ţѾʵʶݰǰʮ֮СǾΪ޳ܹǽɽĶ֣
ݣ
ɽĻûĴ֣գۼѱƽǧɣֱ·ץȥ
䣡
һƤıѵֻֻٿȻһ٣ϸѺ۴Ȼӿ
𣡡
ɽһȷŭĿαǿķ֮׷ɶԶԶص˻ȥһ·Ѫϵγ
⣬òվΣŤÿ£ǾĶħ㣬ض޳
⡪
Թ˸ո³һ֣̽ס촽Ҷ෢һ
û뵽ղΪֻҪɽһһж䶨ʵȴѸ͵ķʽǺݺһǶ⣡
⣿
ɽѪѾסƽѹеԣԭѾˡ޷ΣһС㡣
޳üͷһ壬һ˿䱸֮ɫ¶
ղȻɽǳûƾ޷⣬ŽöԷ˵ˣһֱ۶û¡
⽭ɽضΪֶΣ
Ӧ֪ͨ㣬ԸԹԵظߣҿԱ֤飬סΪлΪڵġɽȮ
ɽص㿴ôҸһһĻᣡ


1168 
ǣҵǲôȥء
޳˿ŭָֻᵯ䣬һĨը̵۾ۡ

ɽŭͻȻұ͵һһƵХӿƬһӿת֮£ǻûΪһŲݵУص޳

ɲʱ֮һƬ谵ְǼ򵥵ڹϵı仯ǽƿռһ˲䱻иȥĳĪĿռ䡣
һֳ׵׵ĸеʶɵó

ɽȣʶ㣬һ۱㿴˿Сǽ뵽ѪΪؼʱֻ̡Ҫܹô˻עӡܼΪɵؽ֮Ϊá
һʱʹٺķѰٱҲ˿޼£
һƬ֮Уһ籬䣬޳
ʦ־ƾУֱնɱһǿİ벽ǳǿߣŶһأ
ԣһ׼ǳ֮ԶԶͨ벽ǳ
֮£СҾ͵ſСӻںʹı顪ʲô
ٿȻԳǿһĴ鿴Զսģ


1169 ǿ

һٹɸҼըѰ֮Ǻڰȫɢһ㺮âһ֧סô
ʲôȻܹס
ôܣһѾƽ׼ɷǳ޵֣ôܽ£
Сӱضǿ벽Ļ޿ܰ쵽㲻˼飡
۷׷ף˵ǰһĻʵǰسǰ޴ӻɡ
޳ֳǧɷס˺â˫ֲƺ˭ʧȥǰһ
ٿȻߡһ
ֻ޳һΣϷһĳ죬ǿ̣ŽһڼѪȥ
ԭǿţ
˾ϲشȵ
ɽҲһЦʵҪѧ֮ΪɵÿЦڣñ㣡
ݣ
齣֮࣬һѵŤ޳ֱĿڡǵһ߽֮Ҫһ谭֮ͳͳء
Ϊ
һд̳â䣬ֱвջصļơӸղ޳һ˵ضڴ֮¡
ݣݣ
ʱ޳һΣһӰ߿ţһӰһʮĵӰգÿһжǶ˳һ
ʲô
ɽ𾪱ɫϵƶʧӰ١ƽȣѾûлУֻӲͷƤ޳
أ
ʮӰгͬһ޷¡δ£ǵصɱѾӿݣֱ˽ɽ
ԭȵĽɽսȻҪʤ޳ڶԷóӰÿһӰӵ൱ڱɵսʮĵϣγɵıըֹԭȵʮ
¡
һƵ𣬽ɽ׻类ǿ۵ݵһǵأԶԶط˳ȥ

޳Ŀ磬һǣ֮̾ᣬŭ͸紫һ͡
Լ֮ȫĹϵʹԼԸãҲջǵꡣ
ο˫֮ĳԹ޳Ҳܷ£
ԣһлԷʵ޳Ǿ
оױ죡
ǵƥĽֺ격󣬻ûΪһڵɫ˽ɽۿѾٽ
𣡡
ٿȻһ죬ɽѹƵһϺ˲ñֱ
ͬʱһԶԶԽ޵졪
أ
Хѭһ̶Բ״תܿ㳯мγһʵԲƵ壬޳
ţ
޳ͳһȻ֣֮£Լ徹ȻһӱޱȣѪҺⵯһ˲併
һɷ֮ȫᣡ
֮Ϊ棬൱һ޻֮ȫΪһͨˣ
ΪǿķĽ˶ôڣӦóζ˰ɣ
ЦУɽһƬϷݶ֮ɫ޳㲻һθҿ
޳ĬĬתһ˿û谭д󶨡һƬݣûв´Ļи˼ܾ֮УȻסΪͬķ֮Ҳ㣬ƾʲôԣ
ܵһ޳ܹתİ岨ɲ֮£ǵзʩչͬҪܵ
֮ɽóһУǽԼҲסˡ
ߣ
ɽǳһĻȣһЦĵڣδҲ̫ˣұ㿴ʲô
䣡
һ̤һƵĺɫӿٵγһѪɫĿס
Ҳ˲úʮɽأ򵥵һǺȻ𣬸һֵĴ
ţǿѪ֮
Ԫ죬һһߵĳ̶ȣҿţڵĽ죬Ӧйļ
֮ǰ޳ɣδֻ֫Ƥëʱ⽭ɽ
֮Բɱ벽ǳҽһ˵

ɽŤתΪһֱߣ˺һ֧ļͷšһ顣
ʹɣÿһϷԼԼ˵Ĳƣ·ڣ
һȭһǿĲֱϮ޳Ŵݿһе
ţ
޳ʩչٿȻüͷһ֮һĨϲ֮ɫ¶


1170 
֮
⽭ɽһ߶֮𹥻޳иܵŨŨ֮
һ̣ԺȻһըһĸͷ
壡
֮ڲ֮޳һֱؽ֮ɹȻо֮Уеİģ޳ɾдĳЩ֮Լȫ⡣
ڣɽ߶֮޳ȱģ

䣡
Ȼ䣬һǿҵըֻ޳͵رһǿҵ֮ǿγһ·ļʸ
ݣ
ɽŲһ٣о޳ƺһգⶼɢޱȴĿĹâŨҵĹâƵ۾
ܵһЩǺܿıռϷ磬ȣͷ֣ΪŪЩ۷ܶһ٣
أ
ȭޣ֮һıӰӹʮɵľ룬ͷ޳
һռֱӱѿˮֻƵģٵࡣӰͳͳϢΪ촷ۡ
Ȼ⽭ɽԴ֮ɱ벽ǳԣ
С군ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽齣ȻɱУԺڵˡ
ҲɻҪǰӦɽʦֵ飬ΪһͷɽȮܱһο³أ
ͣ͸ոſرսŵؿǰСӣ
ԣ
˻ǲмֻ֮УǵӰȴȻˡһ䣬·һӰһػӰ
ͬʱҽŴӳ߳Ǿʹӭ˽ɽ
һţףХȴػӰһֻͻʹֱѹȥ
һ˿ѷɫڽɽ
أ
ȭཻһɲǼ䱬ǧعÿһضǿǰһأز˵ӣһ˲䱬˺˷Բ
ˣ
ֵĲҽС
ֻղδüʱǿߣܵ˽սನĲǱɱΪĩò
һӰһӰӰٽ֯һ۵ľ֮£ӲӲ֪˶ٴΡ
ҲţСС䣬ΪҲܿң
ɽױŭˣȻһֱ͵ʾˣҲһĸоʵߣ˽֮УΪıڵһŵͷԯᡣ
ֻǶԷ츳ȷʵȺټϺ̨ԯͲܿ⡣ԣٶĲҲֻذ¶
ѹֵԸ֮£ＫΪͶܣΪߵľߵĳֻ֡ҪһҪ취֮ɱ
񣬼޳Ϊսֲǿȶ˾ˣм֮ȼ𣺡ٽҡܣ
ϺһɽͻȻصĽ⣬Ƥ϶ǴһƬɽɡ

ϳ˽ɽŹ
ʷϣֹһȺɮۣĴɮ¡Щնʹߣ䱯ǰȻ
ʱΪƭӣǰٰǣЩκáǴӲڣƾ
һЩӱ֮ˣǿɱֶΣͼЩ˵ɮͳͳնɱЩɮɲ֡
˶ΪѰ·ʱ򣬾˵鷢ˡ
ۺεǿɱֶΣ˿ܻɱЩɮ£Ƕÿһιɮǵ֮󣬶ʱǿأ
ˣرԼĹ˷ˣ
Դ֮Ҳ˸ɮ£Ҳڲ֮伣·ֹ
Ȼ֪ɮµйǵĿֲŵһֱкҲЩɮ֮˲˼츳ȺҲǳ޻ûɣԭһΪ
ܵĴѰŹֻһȴû뵽ʧѾõĹڽɽ֮֡
ߣ
һΣ޳ײ϶Էֱ֮󣬶ʱܵһǿķָ֮оǵͷײһͭǽڣѪ͵һڣܵޱȡ
״ʩչȻ㱻࣬Ȫ֮ҲӦң
ɽغȵһȭ˦޳
ޱȣ޳׻ʱ̫̣޷뽭ɽ⡣תܿٿȻһ͵ͣ


1171 
ɣ
޳ȵط֣ȻɽĽѪ𵴷ڣÿһ𶯣Щڵ֮Ƿ΢תʼϵ͸˹֮С
ģ޳ʼŹħһķȻֻһֳΣĹħԶǷȷɡ
ǰǰȥ޳пλŵ
д˷֣޳һݣβ˷ٶȳ˽ɽ
Ѱ·
ɽЦ𶯣ֳƣĳһƻƥصХγһɫĹⲨ޳
۵
޳ӭ汻һɽУԴˡһǰһͨðǳܵػͻԲˡ
ǣ޳ˣһת֮£ǿŰصһ̣ʶ񱻰ȫڱڡ
ݣ
һ֮޳ɣ֮£ܿ콫ȫȻЩԭҪղܱڽɽǿѹ֮£ȻΪϸĸأ׷׵˹֮С
֪֮У޳Ҳʼ˵ĽɫֽƳأ·ϵ
¡¡
һΣһΡ
޳ϱɣǿȻʼյǰĹεѸͣǲΪ
۶Ľɽл뼱ɫԽԣȻ޳СǿĹ죬оˡ
ڣݵһҧ㲻ţɱ㲻
¡¡¡
һɹɺ״𣬿ٵŤ֮£γһС͵ıᷭȻ£޳Դ
ţ
޳һͣһܵвԤУӲ֮ȫ̱ٲκε֮ǿˡ
ԣһܿһķâˣȻмΪǿһѪüΪȶ
Ҫٶһʱ̣͸һؼӰɣ
ɽſЦʧȥ򶨣ǰѾ֮ǡ
¾û֮ҲܿѱѹƣټΪɡ
ৣ
ϣԽɽ׷ɱǵӰȴһ٣ͣԭء
ȻҲһʹ졣
ɽһͣЦָңңؿɫ޳
ϻûգۼѾĥ̴СٷɳһǱСɽСס޳ӰۿҪѹȥ
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬һԽȻХֻ޳֮һˮʼۡ𽥣ˮԽԽ࣬ۼһˮ
ˮ̧ͷһӭ
֮ˮ
һг֣Բˮϵȡøɸɾ۵ˮ֮С֮䣬ˮ·ˮֱûһǳƵĳأѹȵ鶼Ҫ
ʲô
ɽ׻ȵĲ֮ɫӿ


1172 ֲŮ
˭Ҳû뵽겻ΪսˣսΪ˲˼ǣȻ
ÿΪĵ֮ʱһˬİƣݺݵظһ¡
õҲҺɡ
Ҳţ
ɽŭβԸţǵˮǴ֮ƣٵײ嫰ӿɽı˺ѳΪ顣
ನֹȫ֮ϣʱ֪ٸ߹ǣҽԶԶƷɶ
⽭ɽֻǱƽ׼ɷ֮ˣԴ󲿷ֵס޳ʣµǿ޷ǾѪˣǿսҪѷɫ˼֡
޳ʹʩչܿ⽭ɽı
һȫʢʱڣһֻ൱ڰԺ֪
ˮХŵһҲͣ٣Ȼ򽭸ɽ
ס֣
ͻȻ·ըһžף˶Ĥǡ¡¡ֱ죬ëҪΪ֮
޳ͬˣ˿Ϊǿˮŭǰգ۹ˮ㽫ɽһҧ£ŨˮԪӿֵĸְֱѹ䡪

ɽֱӱѹñ˷·һֻС˰㣬ѳ϶󣬡һ峹˿
Լ֮Уһڷɳǡö޳˹ֱС޳Ѿϸϸ鿴ΪһɿǰǿѹϮ
֮м˼Ϊŭ·Ҫ޳ȫѹ
ţ
޳һѹǰǿ󣬼ʹΪսҲ֡
ѵǡ
ǳ
Ȼˣˣ
ǧȫʩչμûΪһ̣ٵƮ󷽡ˣǵǿѹҲӰΣֱӸ˹
¡
һȥٹӰ䣬⣬ƽ˿Ϸĳ࣬ȫǸС۾ֻܸ˼̱ӡ
׳ҽźݺݶգһƽĳֱ׷޳ϣٶȿþˡ
޳۵һѪ˳ǹѹŻʧ
ɽҵı
ʹ޺ţŮǱУȴûһۡǷݣʵκεı֮ġ


1173 ΣڵϦ
ģҳŵ㣺ص֮Уκˣ㣡ɱߣ븶ѪĴۡ
૵Ůӵޱȵط˽ɽӣŨŨ顣
ŮǸݣּΪĸо˭ЦһɭúźϢزˣõ˼϶һս
ʹ޳Ҳ⡣
ţȥɱ֮¸㵱ţ
أŮһתӴһеľ㣬ٿ֮ޱߵĲΣһɺƺƵϢǵصӿѹ޳
ǷԪ龪
Ҫѣ޳ҲףŮӵʵǻʵǳǽɽܱ⡣ԯսǲضã
ݣ
ǧʩչ޳ٶȻûӰһ˲ǧٶȼӳ֮£ȫǶ˻
Ѿǧ֮⣬ԭȴͣһӰ
죡ױȵؿ죡
ǵٶȻǿɱȲ޳˿ֻһ粻ϴݿ޳ͣԭصĻӰȴʼ׷
žžžž
һػӰըѣ޳׷ϲϡ
ٿһ㣬ŮӦǽĳֱǿ۳ķΪ򻹲֧սԣֻҪĵķĻȻɢԪ
ŮԼҲһ㣬ıŭҲ˳ƿ޳Ĵ㡣κһ٣ŭһΪһ㿴ǳǿߵ
¡
·ƾըһǾףһ׹䴽³׹ƺľ񣬸һ³α㼱ٸɱȥ
ΪԹһȣɣ
׹ۺϣΪͨ׹˸âĿ͵һը죡ɲʱâ֮бϸâ޳
ףôǷ򣡡
Ԫгһ˿Ȼ
޳Ҳаǹ֮ǿǵĺХǵصѹд֮ѹ
ܿ죬ǱǻûΪһ񷶥޳
أ
޳ĻӰȺ󱻴ƣǵ׷ӰһѪ
ƣΣڵϦ


1174 Ӱ
һ壡
޳ģŭһȻϢ֮Ȼӿ

Ρ
㡣
ӿ
ǿɱһʩչֻ֮ڽɫâ粨ΣȻӿŮӡ
ɱκΰ벽ǳĹŮһЦǲ㣬һˮƵĽڲϹӿ
ɲʱͳԭ屶Сӭɱײ
֪ˣ򡮽
˾
Թмʶ漴պգԪݰʮ󶥼˿ѷɫ
ȻǴɵǳǽһЩ⴫Уսѷɫǳǿߡ
ɴҲܽͣΪνɽԵõʧš
أ
ǿҪԶԶǿɽǵԽһɽнضϵĽ˺ѳһ˺ۣʧ
䣡
һӰȻ׼˺۴Ȼײȥֱ˺ñȻѿű¡
һΣȻβȴضһ¡
һ̺żΪˮϵԪˮʸ̶ֱ룬Ѳ˺֮ǷǿƥҲǱ˴룬·϶£ӣһ㣬Ҫᡣ

Ȼƽ˴룬ǲСȻɱ벽ǳݶ׹ⱬָץһץ޳Դ
һץʵǰɵĴɽҲܱһץ
ǵʴӳУ·һɽҲ̩ͣѹ罫ժ£͵ؿ䣡
޳ݵӰ֮£ȫһҶСۣһ̾Ҫ㸲
ǧɣɣʮɣ
һ˲޳ҪС
𣡡
أһŭȻֻ޳һֽɫ¡µУһӰն
׵ʵĺһ޼᲻ݵͷس˷
ҵĶ䣡
ҵҪˣ
죬ǣǡ
ΧȻܵǰһſžʯըѣһȦȦɷ顣
޵񣬶ɱޡ
񣡣ܣ
Ӱ˵֮бӿޱȵľ֮ɫûһѺۣ֮ϵش
ģ֮һƬ쳹񷣬ú񳴶Ƶģžžڶ
ݣ
ٿȻһƿХֻӴӰȻʧһ̣һ֧գۼ˽ǰ
ۡһݺݵض룬ᴩ˹ȥ
ͺһˣͻȻشһ㣬飬ֱӡ
͸¶ϢȥɢȻһεľɱжʧճ
ǣȴ¶ޱȵľϲ֮ɫʴ촽ֿһĻȣ񣬺ߣ㻣סСӣ𼱣ˣֻҪؾ֮УһὫҳɱ
ݻ֮Ӱܿɢײ
ǣֲ
Ӱɢյʱ䣬ⶼһƬž˿˵ֱ𡱵һ֮󣬲˻عתʱжβס뾪ۡ
֮УСǵӰȻղԲ»ûڡ˿ٶȷ΢ı仯ȥû̫ı仯ǵͬƵص׺
뵽ղһĻһƬĮȻ
мʶ֪֮ղ£ԼϵӰʲôζӰ壡
ѰˣԽٻӰͬɽһ㣬µֶν份
СǸղŵΣѾԽӰȫڣ
ζţȫʱصǿΪ
ңΪ൱һƵĹ
СĿǰʵսԣǰ벽ǳǣϸղǵӰȫԽ׵Ч
ء
ոջһӢ˲ȻһСǣȻһԴսһӰСĴԴϵسŻдգֻѾԱԲ۾˵СˣСˡ
ǡ
޳һЦĴԴ֮һ˿ƣ֮ɫղżʹСǲ֣Ҳزֶοɱ
ִ٣пԼҲҪˣԷͬھ
ҺãҺС⿪ʼѪ壡
أһǰǧɴȼһӰٳգȵսӿ𡭡


1175 Ů
ţ
޳һһӱ˼¡
սǴΪĽ׶ΣǿУʹֻһİ벽ǳǿߣҲûֵ
ԣһյĵֶΡ
ʹҲҪ϶Էһͬھ
䣡
һŻ޳ǰȼһȼŨŨŮӣӰŵⲨȫ
һ֣˫֮оͷ·žֱ޳
ߣ
޳һһǿʼۣһнǰŮӲǱ䱾ΪܿǴ׼ǳ֮
Ȼ󣬲֪ӵʲôֶΣȻʩչǳ֮ʩչķ

ٿȻһӰڵգָһ㡣һ΢ǰŮӵĹʧΡ
ŮһȣЩ߷֮ɫǿһ֮߳ˣǰ
λ̨ˣ֪γƺ
ֵĻӰһӣһѩ׵˿ۣĳеޱȼһƬ𺣣˫֮䣬·޾ڡ
һ֣ܵĻȻͳͳʧֻйâɢ
޳΢УܵŨŨս⣬ս֮ǰ֪һģһս֮󣬱ȥ
һŮΪ


1176 ¹ŵ
޳
޳ع˹֣֮н䱸֮ⲻɢ
Ҳ֪޳Ĵ澯䣬΢΢һЦ˫̯ʾԼ޶⣺ҽһ£̺࣬硣ֲҪᣬҴûж⣬һҪ̨
䣬ͳһᣬ󷽵չʾ޳
޳һһ̯ͬһᡣ⸱ɫףЩ䣬ж˪档
⸱ڽɽ
֮ǰɽɱ֮оͷɳ⸱ᡣ
ֻ֪⸱ϵؾ֮еһŵء뼯ᣬܴǴŵء
Եú̹ϣ֮ǰһֱ뽭ɽϵɱ֮ȻҲˡ
޳ȻԼ̸ˡԼʵȫѹסĻҲͱֱӵˡ
ߣ
Ů̺޳صһѡ񣬵һ֣Ǹһǧ֮㽫žøǡһ֣һǰŵءҷȰýܵһ֡
ǿ޳
ʱ޳ߴǰɽ磬Ӧǣһȥ
޳ӶϿһ˿֮ɫ˼ƽϣϾȥǣ
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ָһ㣬һŷĵͼڰգرͨ㱦ص·ߡ
޳΢֮ǰ˵ɽڡ㱦ءʱΪרĵ̡ڿⷽӦǼ֮
Ȼ˾޳Ҳĥ䣬ֱӵͷҾ
΢ЦЯãλ䵭ֱʧ
޳ð棬˶ûдﵽǳΪ׼ǳûеǣȴʩչһֶΣʵ档
ഫУĿǰԼԿƵİ
ĬĬп޳̧ۿܣЩɨ˷׷׺ˡϾ֮ǰɶҪɱ޳ָˡ
ڽȫߵǵ޳Ȼ˾ˡ
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Ȼ̱һգǿ߽սµһЩƬҲо޴ֵǣϹʮǿᣬǵ幦֮ˣĪ
޳Ȼǣ浽Ϲŵǿ߶ޱȿ£¾һСආҲܱȼڵĶǿߡ
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ѹ˴󷽣Ըһǧ֮ȡᡣ
Ϊ¡ԺҲ¸ǰɽ
¹ŵô
޳ɫӵĺôŵϹĻٴһս
ƽ޳ûµĻ
磬СԸΪЧȮֻ֮ͣ粻Ҫʼǰɽ޳˵꣬
޳ЦãһţҪ͸ɡɲҪԹҡ
ǰɽ̺ٺһЦƨߵߵ׷Գֳ˸޳ĺôĲ˵һթҲŷ˲֮
ԣ֮ͬǼΪԴᶨ˸޳Ե
һǰһٶȶǼ졣
޳֣һսԼԿռ˽һһǧ⡣
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˱˰
ǰɽεط˸ۣʱ䣬ԭʩչش׷޳Ѿϵúܳˣ⻹޳ûȫٵĽ


1177 
Ķһǧɡ޳һöǣתڶ㱦֮⡣
ϸϸȥ⶷㱦شһƬ֮أܽǳɽ룬Ұ˼һתһɽȥݡһ±ûӰ
ǰɽò׸ϣЪһ̧ͷ׷ûˡþͲۣһţҧ˽ȥҪ˵Ľడ
֪޳ղ˳裬ֲһϣʡ£
ţⲻǰɽͷ
ʱ޳ѡһɽϥһӡ
ԪֱţСӣȥ¹ŵأĥߴʲô
޳΢һһ𣺡֮һϣʲô
㲻ΪθղװһͲӣԪؽͻȻһɰͰ͵ʵСӣ֡Ҫͻ˰ɣ
壬ǵ޵۾ҧüء
š޳ֻӦһʼתȥ֪ı仯ǰһҴѾﵽޡǰǿȵĴ£ȴһδԵ
Щӿ죬һ˷ܳʶСҪͻˣ
ҪҪˣСܲܲҪô죬ԪүҡԪ齲һͻȻס˿ڣԽҶ̴СռȥϳˡȻѴﾴ츳˵ꡣ
޳ܿ㽫ԪੲԺȫ񶼳Сʱ·ڽһϴǳÿϸ컯֮ÿһϴˢһʢ磬̲סЦ
ֻоԭѾǿϴ֮УøӼ͡һͭǽڣ᲻ɴݡֻ΢⣬һεѹ˳ȥ
һлֻǿʼ
ͻȻ컯֮һ⣬৵ûĻ֮Сֻһ˲ȫһԲһ͹ݷѣ뾡һа취Ҫȥ
ߣֻǵ̶޳оһžʹٵֵ뼸Ѩͬʱ㳲ذסԼһȦȦѹ
һҪ壬һѹһȻĿ⡣޳ĶͷˮɫҲһ˿˿԰ҧأƴ߶ѹơ
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Ҫˣʲô̬ˣ
޳ȴüͷ۵ʡ⻹ԶԶȻһˣ
Ҳ֪ζȻһƬɫģһɺƵ֮籡編࣬һԶžͼȵس
ӰСˣԪ鼱۴СֲֻСҲ̫ˣӹ˭׻ӰٻҪķǳֱǳֺã
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һ⣬ŶϷȥĶΧĿռƱΪŤһ㣬һɷǳֵ
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޳ѵһ߶ȣһǧ֮⡣ڰգһƬãأ⸡͸һع֮
鲻ԽһӦñ¹ŵˡղŸܵǹɿռ䲨Ǵ´ʱȥƬŵضһ㱡ɴ֮У˿о¡
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ʱ㻹ʲôӰȻᱻʵعͷʣԪ鼱ţߣߣ𣡡
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ʱ·⣬һ˺յİԾȻײ˲ƷһֻߵķƯڿС
ʲʲôǰɽʹغ߽Уʹȴһöʵ̫ǿҪǳǿпһս
ʱŵַͻһŭħ˻һ㡣޳һͷȥȴԾѵһĻ
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1178 
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Сġǰɽ˵Ƥ˶һҪˣԱȥǵ
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ΪģռŤͬһУϵתҪȴΪǿռŤԽתԽ죬ܲɢ
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ǰɣǰɽһֽУֱһǰɽʽںȥҳû𣬱
޳ǰɽǿĺܣȻһöûУǿʲô̶ȣ
ǣʱЩֵ˵ǣʲô󡣡⡭û뵽¾Ȼ
޳Ķʱȥƣֻȫֻһͱˡ
ǣȥ˰ɣǰɽ㶵ʵתͷԹؿ޳ϴϿƽװɣһٹǳ硣Ȼǳȥ˰ɣ
޳˳飬ذһۡô˵ƽ׾ƽףƵɷת֮ǰ۵ֺ֪
ҪǺԣҲܴأԾԾԣǴ˵ǿޱȵǣ֮ԿȻһջ
ã磬ף㡣ҿɲ̺һͬԱǰɽҲһһԵӡ
ҪǰһԣһֱĬ׺ͻȻ֣񡣡
˵ͳȥûٿһۡȴһͰˮ䣬žϨ˴ϣ֮
ص꣬ѵ˵ȻظȥȻֻѰ·ˡ
޳̤֮ǰʹжʧľƽࡣ̤߱ߴܡ
ǷǳӴٲȻװγһá䱻гһ䣬УʽУȥȻϡ
޳еһ뵽ıʡң뵱һ磬Ǻεȵĳ棡ȻһƬ𵴣㱿ǰһİȻӢˡ
ͻȻһȥȻǰ֪ʲôʱһһ˸ߵԲͷһ֮ϡʱԲ⸡һ֮˿һꡣ
ڤģСӣȥȥǺöһҪõԪͻȻЩ˻ˡ
޳ʣѯʡԲȴͻȻһһɼ֮˲˳ǹ
ˣĸɱ˵ɵģԪ˫͹ɣŵغСǧˣݵһԪ֮Уˣ
ˣ޳һһץɵ㶵ǰɽ壬תŽһԵر
һǸ׺˵


1179 ڤ
ɭȻĺű֮̾ʱʱ͡޳ֻüǰɽԼߣ;һʧȥж
̹Ǻ⣬޿ײ롣ֻоԼʶһ㣬ʹôľ
ޱ𾪣⼫ڤĵʲôȻת޷ˣľǣɺⲢֻǱô򵥣Ǽŷ֮Ҫ飡
Ԫ飬ʲô޳Щŭʵͬʱ֮תҪͻ˵ľء
˰죬ûеõκλӦһͻһɲõͷϮͷԪǼһȻ£ؼʱܳס棬ʱ򲻻д
һԪ֮ϸһ̽ȴԪӰӶû֡
ǡʱԵǰɽһʹƺٿȻһ˲Ԫ飬һôڣԪӦòʲô⡣
ǰɽ
һüͷһСӴʱøܲһ㣬һ㵭ɫ˪ȫƤʱ顣
ǰɽ޳ȴԼͶŲʱȫ£ܶľΨӶѣ
ءǰɽʯӨ͸⺮ֻҪһѹͻηۡһ׳ʱҲԾ֮ɫ
ϸٵḶ́£
ģ޳䣬ѹ˲ô˿Σ֮ǸϿһҪˣ
𶯣ȫʮѨͨһùâһ˲Ʒǣ·ûǧ仯һӨӨ֮Ȼ𶯡
ţԭǳĴѨȻͻȻˣ޳һӵȵףѵҪң
׷䣡ҪȥĸףҪȥ϶òãҪ޼ԻͣҪԼصܣҪ﷭
ɲʱһɿ֮ӿ̼һħһ㣬ɱƣ׹⾡ԣܶʱһƬѹ֮Уһߴǰɽ̲ס˸
СӣҪ찡
ƣ޳Ȼһȣϵı֮ʱڣһܼ䡣
ֻǼڤıĺҲСʹ޳Žɷ¶Ǳ⿰Ȱ벽ǳĺѹơ޳Ѿͣת뽣ȫȴ¡һĿẮ
оԼһܶǼ᲻ɴݵĺÿϸѸٱ⡣ȴ޿κΣΪĸо
Աߣǰɽ־Ѿ˫ͫ𽥻ɢֻ૵غţ䡭䡭
䣡
޳ͻȻһһ͵ʶ
һģ˰ô򵥵ĵû㲻Ǻ𣿲Ӿ͸һѻ
һѻѾģ
ʱһŻһ˳̾һ
׻𣬸ȼհɣһȣ׻˲Ϣǣ̱ȼһƬ𺣣Ŀ֮һƬ𺣡Ҫջ١
̡гűȼ֮ԡˮϸ̵ϱʪһƬ
޳Ծȣ⺮Ȼ֮࣬϶ҪһƬˣ
ɺ޵ǣ׻ϾޣǺڣҪϨļһҧһ䡰ƴˡ㿪ʼϧķѱԴȥ֧׻ȼա
۵һ£׻ܵ޳Դļӳ֣絹һ㣬һͷǣּȼ
ķѱԴڴݻһ޳ɫЩ԰ͷ亹֮ྡԡ
ͻȻһüҡͷУ
֮е׻ʣȴǳᶨغˣҳȥҲҪһ
⺮˹죬޳ðգصУʵţСүԻᱣǰȫ
ȻѾôһհܵһ˺޳д֪֮ͽлж챦вӡף
ˣ԰ɣ׻żѣ޳ڣͨȻ֪ʱ״ܲá
˽֮ʱԪ֮ڴһ΢
ԡ
˿ȻԪ飡
޳һӾδԪҲƣһֱܵģ
֮£һ׻ʱ㡰ˡһ˳׻һȥСҲҪȥæ
޳ȣ׻ԿƺСǼȴǣɲðա
໣׻һ㱬һܳХȻǣһ˸ߵĴһɸߵȻ
˫ðź⣬ֳһƬ𺣣һʱѹ׻ͬʱԭƶ˵ĺһӱࡣ
Ȼã޳Ҳ𾪲ѡ
׻ʸ˷ܣۣһߺһߴ߶һ̫һ㣬˿ſẮ֮
ϱҺɵϸδɢѱɢڿ֮С
ģ޳аο׻ʳɳ֮Ȼ˾ˣ벽ǳԼȻҲ벽ǳǿߣҲΪ䲻Ҫûжʤ㡣
ȼһһһɱʤһǿߵվڶ壬ݣ
׻ʵչ㽥ػԭɵı˪Ҳʼڡ޳һָɣ㼱æһԵǰɽϸ鿴
ңСӵǷǳǿղǰҲֻƤ汻ˣڸûܴ
ֹ˴Լһյʱ䣬ųױ׻ʵɾָֻԭȵһˮ۶û¡޳תͷһ׻Ѿָһ˶ߵĴģȥરવܹƵس˹
޳ЦԭΪ۵ùǺʱȥȴǾ㷹ޱ㡣
ˣ׻֮ǰڶԸʱͳԵùΪҲһΣһĻԵ
ôһ룬һͷ㽫˻ȥúսס
ģŵӲӣԱͻȻһ󰧺ǰɽͨһſϣˣƤƵغţǧҸһĸо
޳߹ȥýؽٲһǹֱһΡ
ԲۣǰɽӵϵغǸ׺أģʲô㶼ᣡ
˵ĴѰһû°ֻ͡ڣǣһڼȫ˷ĩȥյһƬòˡ
뵽ʱǾȻһֻ󡡱Ķһġǰɽθתͷ޳ϴС᲻ֱӱˣ
ôף޳ֱɲΪǸһǿƵ꣬ô
ʱһﴫһ΢һʲôڴӵȥǱ㿴ͷ˴һѷĩУŤŤվ


1180 ػ
ã޳죬û뵽ǾȻҲղŵղö˵ǡ±ȻѶԶȻһЩ̣ʲôرˡ
Ȼһϵķĩһ߹áղգҺô˳Ҹһɱղ鼱֮лһ
˵һĨۣϧֻ̾ϧղǺʵ̫ˣɱҲˡ
䣬ǰɽʹֵؽģɱûҲע⡣
⻰˵ĺòΣʱѡԾҲпԭһ뵽ղ޳ȣõЩвˬղʶȡҲҺ޳죬Ȼͳķɻˣ
౻ǰɽǺɫڨڨҲʹ˻ȥ̧ͷһĨɫܿ㽫˼ȥ̧ͷ޳ֹȻ츳ˣڤĶδ˼
ʲôڤģǰɽŵʵ
޳΢̼ҵѶϢȻǿǶ¹ŵĶʹ̽һԼ˷˽ŪþΪ¡
˭Ϊ˭·δ
ҲûǺ˷ܵؽ⼫ڤĿ˲֮˵Ϲµ໯ɵļģӵмܹ֮һƬС硣˾ǣ⼫ıռܹ֮ʱ
ʱ޳֮£Ҳ𾪵ˡʱҪ쿹Ҫʱ⵹ǻҪǰʲôȫܻȥʷˣ
ǿ޳룬ЩźؽǽǴ˵ѡ⼫ôǱ֮н֮ˣ⣬ܹסһ˿
ϴȥⶫãǰɽоһѾ಻סͰ͵ؽ׺СأģȻǵ򣡡
Ҹղſ׺ߵһȥˡӸղŹһֱĬ̺ͻȻ
ϴ㿴Ǳ߻һңǿȥֱСӽȵˣǰɽȲ˵޲ù޳һߡ
޳һԭҼڤĵԱߣȻһŻ󿪣ӫ⸡ûԥ˹ȥ
ֻһ̤ңʶһǰһھ˹ȥ
ͻıʣڳ˶һ
ǰɽŵе£Ŀһ£͵ط޳ҡźϴѰ
ô޳ǰ㷴ӦûС̽һ飬ʱʧɫ޳ȻȻԣ
ģﵽǹط׺ĸӹʲôúǰɽּŭɱըһͷĿţһ㡣
ôˣüЩǵؿˣĳţѧһЩҽĳֲ鿴һ£
ǰɽʶؾҪͷתһ룬̼Ҳ֪ʲôע⡣챦ȴѹʱôˣ
жʱһ󾯾ˬؽĹҼϴһȥҪң
ôôʶࣿҸҪ޳ĸƽ˿ǧҸһγ֣̺챻ǰɽ̬õ쭣ˬغȵ
ǰɽҲò⡣޳ԲѣҪʲô취
üתͷϸһãεصͷվ·ĵҪСĵ㣬Ҽϴĺá
ЦŵȻҲһϣֳ¡
̺һĲмֹ˭Ҫźãǳͺܺˡ͵شߴٵ磬㣬ǵܶʱˡ
ЩõصһԼã޳鿴
һۣǰɽУһɹ֮СһۣͷϸضһһСӸˣƣһŹǣ
˫ָ£һâָܳ۵һ޳ڡ
ָҫԴԴϵע޳ڡ壬ȴǰöûУ޳ɾţûҪѵļ
ôǰɽЩ͵ʵ۾ָЩġ
Ҫ˵ͻȻһͣһɴһ·ϣһ˳ȥ
㣡ǰɽ˫ĿԲɣ޳ǰȵʲô
û뵽޳˻˴ľǱشӵ̺״ǰһ磬Ҳ̲סؽ磬Ǹϻʲô޳һ󻼡
ǾȻػģǰɽŭɷ߽ٵ࣬ݺݵصòȻöˡ
ǰػģֻͬѡĵ·ϵĻҳ̧ͷؽǰɽ޳ȥǾ͵û㡣
ǰɽŭĿ⣺޵ľֵһױһ׵СˣѾϴ󣬶ϲҪʹʬ̤ȥ
˵һǰɽʽͳŶ˹ȥһ϶һɽ˹ȥ
ʱһСϺ˸һϲͣ˲佫̺סһƣһɫƥ˲䳯ǰɽȥ
ǰɽһȭͷȥȥö˼սһذ˳޳ֻܾ
ǰɽһҧӾ͵Ǳղ޳ľ֮ˣ
ʱ޳ʵδȻԣǽһƻõľء
Ŀڣһɲֱ֮ļ䡣
Ŀ֮һƬɿǰȥѰǰҰ֮ȴʹ
۾ѪһƬͫһӰ
ǰһƬ⽣ӰʬҰĴǰͻȻһ޴Ӱͷһḥ̂һСɽÿ̤һǵضɽҡʮֱֵۣһץסһӰһգ˲ͱѪ
޳ֻоȫѪҺȼգȵıļ⻬䡣
ǻþһظԼ¹ŵأ֮кȭͷȶҪƬþ
ֻһƳۣ۾ͻȻԲɣһ˲˲ǰ档һλͷ𷢵߱һȭѣءһʺ࣬ھ˵֮Сƺܸо
ǵµߣͣȻһͷëԳǾ˵ȴǼС˳һģ
Ȼת泯޳¶һЦЦڨ
޳˵һ£ʲôըһ㡣
ؼһɱ֮⣬ŭļתһֱͷͥѨ
ͬʱƺǰɽĲҽСȻһ৵һۡ
ǰɽӵһԾ廯һ⳯Ŵķλȥ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽʱһɱϽסѪһѵתͷսһ޳ѿɵЦֻһ죬дڴڵѪð翪բĺˮһ㣬ֲˣ


1181 
޳ͫһٶһξ͵ǰֻһͱϽγĽסɣáһתȻͬʱʮĵ৵չΧסϽ𲧡
𣡡һȣڿնո⡣˫չĶʮĵȻߣһ
ʱ⽣⣬һͻȻϼ쮡
ɱ걬
飡³һ֣һը죬쮵Ȼͷ£һϽֱ롣
أأأ
Ͻ𲧷죬һ£ꡣ
޳һѷסǰɽֱ̧һżƷҩһưϽ𲧺Ƭ
һ죬Ͻ̻һѷĩɢڿС
Աߣһͣ㶵ؿ޳ɵǶɱȻƬ
ʶؾҪˣ޳ĶȴǸ졣ֻʩչࡣ
޳ϴЦ⣺ôܣ׵飿
䣬һ¡ֻͷһɽѹǳصѹŲ벽
ͷͻȻʩչ磬̺켱
޳׷Źǣ׷ȥٿ죬αȵù޳ǧ䣬һ̱㱻׷ϡȻڽ̧һ¡
硪̺ľһ뿨ںȴҲûлẰһѪɢڿУǵķɫޣһԭ޵ĻȻš
ͷྐྵȻһ̺ԼҲܵ޳شɷŽپȫһ߽ٿԵֵġҪϻرͱ
еľһţûƵӶݡ޳Ҫ׷ȴǰɽľ
ϴ󣬱׷ˣǼ촫ǰɽǼƷҩһѺô룬ʱѾܹӵվָҷ˵
޳ͣסһصߣüʵ
ǰɽһĨ°ͣɵǺǵЦû£ˣϴҪٲСɾ潻ȥˣ
ģһ㱨޳ؽһѶڣȻôӣұ֪Ҳ˵
Ȼһǿɱǰɽ̲סһɪ߶µؽǸϴǻȥҿɣղһȥ˹ȥҲ֪׺С浽ʲô
˵޳ǾѹղƻõξкǱüͷҲãȥҪʰҲһʱ
ǰɽһϢ㳯ȥضһС޳ֱӼϸϸ̽ȴ޷κ쳣
ϴ˵᲻棿ǰɽЩġ
޳ü룬ҡҡͷӦòᡣûиоռκ
ǰ⣬Ż˵ǰԿռƿǿ֮࣬ⷽнƣ֪
תǰɽȥ
Ƚȥǰɽ˵һ˽ȥ
޳ץסĻᶼûСЦСӻʵۡҡҡͷ̧˽ȥ
ôˣҶû鿴أǰɽһתͼ޳˽Թ
û¡¸ҳ£һ𣿡޳ЩЦʵ
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˱㿪ʼϸ鿴
ҲǺܴ󣬴粽ߵͷҲǿտҲʲôûзá
ǰɽ۹ֽǸ׵СҲ߯˰ɣȻΰʶˣת˼ȦҳȥһҪúһ£Ҳ̫ûƷˣ
޳ЩյСôһһƷ£Ҫתеǹҫ˫ۣ㹻˵һУ
΢΢ҡͷǽȥʯڣһʯиɣȻɣ˱Եûһ˿϶ǰ̽һЩʯƺЩָ֡ùȥȻһ
ǰɽۼ⣬˹ʵôôˣ
С޳ָָղõǴʯڽӦǿյġ
Ļ䣬ͼǰɽȭͷ˵һҵʯϡ
һ˲һɾ޴ѹһײϡ޳һץͬʱһܹǵѹ
źߡѲ֮һƺڰԵ
޳ȥ̫ѨͻȻ£˳ǣĬĬתͷȥ
̸ܣʲôǰɽشӵ˻ôͻȻˣ
Լĸ첲һ£ֵʵϴûо쬡Բۣ·أ
ǰɽ޲ڸھȻȫģȻһ·ûдһ㡣
ʱ޳ЦͻȻ𣺡û뵽㾹Ȼϲװ
ǰɽûˡ
ȿȡ޳ӸǬóһ·ӸЩ˼ղֻһ˭뵽һ·Ȼ˾ס飡
ǰɽ·ߵղǵǽǰؽﾹȻҲ˽ƣһкö
ɣղŻ˿ԪȻ
޳סǰɽ
Ԫ˿ǷƣʩӵԽ㷴Խﵽǳ㣬Ȼͻơ
ңδ˵ͼǰɽһãؿϴסң
Ƿơ޳̵ֻػشһ£㼱æԪô
ãһϷͱɱˡԪµغһ߶飬µıǼҪ˵ȫʢʱڣǲ⼫ڤĵನֻ񡭡
˵˶ᰡ
Ԫ̾ϢһСӣط̹ҪգԼŵ㡣
˵ݵسԪ֮У̱û졣
޳ʱòơ׷ʼ䣬ȴǰɽеĺ
ϴôˣֻ˰ɣξȻ۾ιȥ
۾һ޳ţߵʯǽǰϸһǽ棬˿˿룬Ȼܵһķ֮
ʱǰɽҲǰ˵ġơʱȻһź֪ˣֽǰг˵ϹʱڵĴС
˵ȻѽһֲãϹأֽƲΪ档
ͻȻʲô۾һеؿ޳ϴ˵ϹŽսһЩƬõĻйҲ˵мƷҩ
۾øС̫һ㣬ǰѾЩѾ
޳Щܲ˵رͷһͰˮȥ𣿡
ꡭѵǰɽ˵飬ϴһҪ취ֹֽΪˡ
޳ϸȻǿƣǱؽȥͲţʯͷŻ赲ס
ǰɽҲϸôֻҲô֡⡱һΡ
ȫѰҿ֮ʱͻȻһϸ΢ġԡǽ֮ͻȻһ硣


1182 
ҲУǰɽһܹǵ磬תͷֵؿ޳
޳Ҳһ࣬һͬʱȥ
ڴʱǽдһǡһ˿˿һ̾棬󡰴һǽӦ顣
ţһ޴֮ģһźӰ
أ
Ӱڵϣһҳ
Ȼ׺
ǰɽһˣЦǰСҲôһ죬ô˰ɣߣǣӴ㣡
˵žƳһǰɽʽ׺ѹ˹ȥ
޳վһԣ֣Ҳδֻһ˲ͫһʩչѸײڶ֮ƣǰɽ˻
ֻǰɽԭվ֮ѱһĴȡǶ棬Ȼһɼǿ֮һΣĸо
ǰɽ亹ٿ׺Ѿһ˿ηҧ˵Ĺף仰СӺݣ߯ݣ
ʱ׺ӵվ䵭˿ղŵǱתͷ޳һۣתǰȥ
ǰɽֱͷ۲Ϊߵ޳ߣʵϴǻȥ𣿡
޳ջĿ⣬תͷһѾŻ󿪵ңһȥΪʲôȥ
˽ȥ
𣬵ȣǰɽ֮ǰ黹£æ嵽޳ǰ棬һͷ˽ȥ
޳ų˽ȥղŴ洫˿񱩵Сӽȥ
ֻŸһȥͼǰɽͣڰϣŲˡ
ôһһʶ̧ͷǰȥȴڰȻסؿǰ
ֻǰԶ֮еһ̾һֻʣǼܵĵǡϣɢһ˾ıϢֲ֮ӡ
˾ȵǣϾȻһɫ֡貾Өһ̹ӨӨõغƲŵɡ
޳ĿƲסؿʹߵߣֻ֡
ֲԿصزָס¶ˣһҧ͵ʱһƬҳƱһ㣬޵ֿ֮ǻҳסۡ
ˮ£ˮģУõݡ
һףĶͷͦıʹҲĳãȴֻڱĿѡ΢ôϤϤط·ողſ
޳˵һըʶؾҪӻȥȴǱ춸ΪֵıͻȻһѣ̱㻯һѷɻңֻʣһŹͺͺͷǡ
޳㶵ֻʯ֣ƾһþһ㡣
ʱǰɽҲСؿ˿ָʵϴ˵໹Ǹ󡣿Ŷ˭뵽Ϲš¡Ȼ
޳ûĻֻؿǰáˮѾɺԣĵһȦȦصŲƣһɽ¥״
Ȼ૿ڣˣ࣡
һ֣綬ը죬һɱ֮Ȼ˫Ŀɺ죬ȻʮѨ磬ֱ̧ۺȵһҹ裡
ʱֱۻһĻϲһǿβúɨ˹ȥ
ϴģǰɽδŪô£ͼ˲䱬һҵ⣬һǿ糯Ǵ

絶һǵƤһֱĸоͷ
ǳ磡
ǰɽëʯɽض˲Ӳ߽һСһסԼſס籩һתͷȴ˫ۣϴˣ
ֻ޳ۣ㲻һسǰ塣ǳĿܹƥеģ±㱻һƷءһײǽ֮ϡ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽһ⣬޳˹ȥֻ廹û޳ͼ޳һӵԾ𣬶ӿٶȳǿȥ
ôˣǰɽȻʶԾ޳Ӿ͸ħһ㣬ǻ±ɱŨԲʮﶼܸо
ʱЩѹ͸ƴȫΪȥֵѹ޷ȥȥæ
ʱ޳·һͷʧȥǵħޣһɺɫĺ¶һƻƺȻһŻ棬һɷˣ΢һ֮ʱһɫĴӶ
ƣ˫ۺȻһɣ˫ƳǰƳȵɱ
ʱ֮ԴڵرǳһһɳĻſ޴ڣһûá
̼䣬ɢĿ缱ţŻͣۿžҪ飬޳һವڿն
ת㳲ס塣һȼյĻһ㣬͵صתøȥ
һ
һ
ǰɽѣ޲Լз޳Էǳһ㣬ѻʯ
˷ˣɫҰ׵ؿ޳û֮С
裿
Ƿˣ޳ֻʶ죬һޱϤӰϷŴСħϡ
ţţӵôһģһһǻþ
һ֧תͷֱ롣Ҫ˲ӦôϣղξзԲģ
ɱ
ȻһתһɫĹâһѹܿһĵУǧиƤ֮ϡ
̣类һľ׮һ㣬ٻһƤ⣬ѪͽȾһѪˡ
ˣǰɽҲˣ˲Σȥ
ŸһӽͱһɿһƮĻ꣬ڿмٴתһʧأһɴ˳ȫҲƽ⣬һͷײǽϣһѪ
ϴ󣡡˲ƣվ޳ϴѵ㣬ǳ磬ģҲô滹һ˵ȥ

޳κλֻһħƵۿѾȾɺɫڹ˸ûһļһޣֻ֪ת
ҪǽҪҪװŪã
ģƣãؽ֮УȵԪ֮ǳ
ʱӨӨâһһӴͼȻ䣬ȵסǿ񱩵ķǽ
Ϣֹ󰲾תһǿѹ֮ƻ䡣
ǰɽɫһϲҪǰ޳ȴúȻһɱ֮ӭ
˻ֻǰһҺ廬ʹʯɽǿޱȣҲ㱻ƵһƤ
޳ֻʣһͷʮĵΧסá󣬸һԶž˳֣ӰȻ
ǰɽĨѪĶס㾪ִ󺰵ϴˣĹģ
Щ񼼵ʩչҪ֧֡޳ͽΪȴٲñԴ֧֡ȥһ߱ɵʬ壡
ɴʱ޳ﻹýĺ˫Ŀ죬̧ƾҪȥ
Ҫǰɽð޳һȥȻὫó׼ŭ
ڴʱǰȻһӰ޳Ĳ͵һƷȥ
ֻ޳ǿһƾȻһöޡ΢΢üͷĺȻһ޳žһµͷ¡
ۣ
޳һ̲Ѫǿһ˲ɢڿС


1183 
ǰɽˡʹԼ˫ۣ޳ĵʣ
죬ŭس˺׺СˣʲôӸƴˣ
׺һۣԼƲ͵һü̧ž˹ȥ
ǰɽߵͷصһײǽϡʣֻԼܣ֪вСˣû뵽Ȼѣ
ҧһһٵؽýŪңȻǰɽ㲻ݣǷ޳һȻؿ޳ԼǰһҪ
׺ȴǵһƳתͷһɢɱ֮ãתȥ
ʱǰɽҲһЩ쳣õĹƺǳޣ֮㲻ܵ˺һܣû޳һ˿Ϣ
ȭͷǰɽˣΪͻ֮գǱ֮ʱԻû꣬һϸ΢춯
˫һԽԽ죬СǡۡĹ촫ǹĦѪϼͲûŤϲתͷȻ㿴в֪ʱһѪ⡣
УѪһۣԽԽ࣬ԽԽóһΣ޳˭
塭ôˣһɣƵڵϣһë
ʱ޳ȴһƬ磬ʶ壬ޣ˵Ʊ͸һ㡣ֻƾָܻ壬㶵ڿУﾡã
ϴˡǰɽѰرԹɼǵøղŷ£
£޳Ҳ⣬ղƺʲô˿ļ仹һɷŭϸһȴʲôǲá棬üʵղſз£
ǰɣǰɽôӵ˫ͭƵ۾ʵ㲻Ƕ˰ɣ
޳룬ǻҡͷһƬ磬ղźʲô͵̧ͷʵղſмһң
ʶЩղź񿴵һסַɿҡҡͷԼɴû˫̥Ӧûֵͬܡ
ǰɽɵؿ㲻˼ګګصҸղֻȥõ֣㷢߻ħƵġ˵˾񣬰ԵʵϴղǿʲôֵĶˣ
޳Ȼתͷʵղżõ𣿡
ǰɽˣòǼͷʲôŶǲ˵֣ţͷϣ
ָý
޳ҡͷ˳˼ǡáϸ룬ȴҲ벻ֺЩգһʲôҪ飡
ʱǰɽȻش󺰵ϴ󣬸ղ׺С㡣Ȼ֣ȻֹɱΪв壬˿Ҳˣ
ǰɽҲϸղΣͷȷʵǸĮСӾһֶΣȴ֮Աǣ޲ýһ٣
޳һʵղң
ղŷ֮ʣȷʵһɰ֮ǿ룬ֻŸһըˡ뵽ɫҲ׺һƣȻûꡣ
ʲôѣº֣ǰɽ߷߲ƽؽ
޳Ҳ׺ǳȥ磬Ҳ͵ȥһĵˣʵڲһ¡һ£뿪
ǸҪҪߣⶫŲǵҲһɱǰɽ۲͸ŵ֣ҪǺǳȥˡ
޳ֱصִǶӸһżƷҩصñãǲ
˵գ㳯ȥǰɽסҩУźؿһۣ˶ţظ˳ȥ
棬ղűһѾҲ̶áǰɽͲס؆µϴ˵ڤĻ᲻СϣҪ˵мְգ
޳Щͷ۵ؿһۣƾµöһ֣أ
û˵ǣ׺һƣǶȻǡһգջϢ
ǰɽ첻ٽֻûһᣬָһؽеطŪôأ˵öȥҿ
˵꣬ټ﷭ԭڵȫɻ˺һءǰɽĶŪ÷зӶǷɻҡ
޳òһϣסЩĬĬز̽·мʮɳڱ޵Թһ㡣֮ǰӴܣҲö
޳ǲ⣬ֻҪ֮УһὫѰɱ
ˣǼڤĻ̬Ȼȫˣǰɽܵߣü֪ûб꼰ҪҪȥ𴦿
޳ͷҲá
ǰɽ˵һͨȳȥＱظҪȥϱһ㡣ֻû߼ͣתͷګګؿ޳ʵϴûʲôر
ر޳ƣҪ˵Ȼһʲôֵӵ̤ڵϵ
ǰɽչݵһʧԭءֻǻû߶Զ㡰ءһײһεϣǱˤ˳
ǸӣǰɽӦɫҰףŮô׷ģ
ʲôܣ޳޲һ߹ȥСӾȻпʰˣ˵ٶȶﵽ˼£ѱ˷סѹӲȥ
͸ֻ͸һ㣬ϵԾȴһδײڱϡ޳ֻԼͿգʱʩչ
ϴϢһǰɽҲ޳ĳһᲽǰضͨȡ
޳ûн飬£žžžһѻָѪĵҩѸٵϢþָսȻǾͶ
˭뵽ǽȻ׷¹ŵأ
˵֮ǰǽͼ֮ʱ𶯣ײ˽ǰɽ߷ߵؽûǴͼʱжǱʱͼƵ˲˵
ʱԽԽҡҲԽԽ󣬷·ʱҪ̮Ƶġ
ǰɽ۵Цṳ̈øҵɣý̤ˣҲóȥ
ߣ뿪Ҳûųŵأͨһӵ
˵
ǾȻˣǰɽֹסЦضͨ˵֮ʱҧгݵغ࣬飡
㾡벻Цţû֮ǰƽͣЦһգԻң
ޣүү㣬ÿûǸ飬ôȥǸŮ˵ǲҿҲͣԼûȥҸŮ˰æǰɽ˿ĭмؽ
㣡౻˵
ʱ洫һǳΰףСԹԣϲףﻳ
һܶʼҡ
ǰɽû³ŵܸĵ㣡ػ޳ǰʯɽ߶ǿ˶徳硣
֪һ仰ƹѾ嵽ͨȳڣѵضǰɽεεؽǿ׳壬СԹԣҪǴͷŹɱҸɽСӣ
ǰɽһѪ³ģŲ˵ʱɱˣ
ۣһڶѪ˳
űͷʳһ۾ǲӣ


1184 ͷ
ͷ޳ȻӵϱһץǰɽһƳ߿лӳ
ֻ۵һ죬ʲôƾѡһ˲޳Яǰɽ㳯Ǵȱһͷ˽ȥ
ʩչת˲ǧ
أ
ģǰɽ޳ˣɵСӾȻ򶼲ˣһͷײĵϡ
ֻ꣬;쵽ԾһתͷǰɽɫҰףѪֹ
صˣ޳һ̽ɫͻ䡣ǰɽڸѾܵ˲С̶ȵˣʱˣº֢ɣ
ȿȡϴ󡭡㡭߰ɣҪˡǰɽ߿ȱ߽ǽһȰ벽ǳ˴ʱ״̬ѹ
ٷϻ޳Ѩϵ˼£߶ģһɫĻ֮ǰɽע롣
ǰɽپ񣬷·鵤ҩһ㣬˾Ȼ漣غ˴롣ҪлǽѾ׷
ףͣ¡Ȼһ㣬ޡŷֵЦøһѵţһ㡣
ȻǱ׷˽
ǰɽ̲ס۵³һѪ˵ܲܲҪٶི䣬СҪûˣ
ʱǳһ޳ҲһͷĿѣò߶ȥֿǳһȻɹһܲ
üĿһ̧ͷȵ֮ˣΪѰ£
֪һĵط˭֪Щ˴Ҳضá£֪Ǵһ𣬾һֲĵĹ涨򲻵ò顣
֪ǽȴЦϷҲС档֮˲Ӧϣпʵɣ
˵ţǰȻһƬһƵĹų޳Ȼ
޳ɫһ𶯣ȫ৵һסǵסʱ˸֮ڷӿҳ
޳ǰɽڽںˣɽȴһ㣬ֻһ粽һͬʱʵһ㳯˺ɱ
źߡ޳һ죬㱻˵һһѪ˳
͵ؽǰɽǰһƣԼһתһСɽһ㵲ǰ淨ʩչˢˢˢһƬ죬žŰʮһ淨
˻˫𶯣һȻԾ֮תע룬˲ȼһƬ𺣡
޳һȣ
ֻǻٿȻŨֱֻ۰֣̺֮Ӵ󣬴ȼһеơ
Сޣǲһߣ̧Ƽһǻ֮дǳ֮δ𣬱ɱһƬ
޳оһȵȥ
ʱͷԾ⼲ֻۣһ˲ͽܿոɣγһѹն
̧һӣɻ磡һ֮ĥһ㳯Żѹ
̣
߻𣡼ʹתӳ֣ǳҲƬ̣㰵ҪϨļ
޳һһ淨Ҳ̧ͬƣʮһҲһ̧ͬƣžŰʮһԾȻϡ
һʮһŽٲʮ

޳һȣʮһ˲ϢǣŽȥʱ죬׳ɣǿѹ·һ͵Ļʱпըѡ
ɫҲһû뵽޳Ȼսһ죬֮㱻ѹƣ۵һ±ǻȺС
ˣ˶ҵϣǶһΡ˫һ౻һ㣬ӵվض޳СӣҵСˡ㵱Һñ
˵ţϺȻһƬҫ۵İ׹⣬徹Ȼֱ
ã޳ᵽһɷǳΣյϢ±㳯ǰɽȥ
ӣ˫һУͻȻԾһɺ֮ڱһܼȥ
һԿϷֻʾУֱӴ۵һѪ
κ㾡ȴԸòգ
һߣ޳ҲǲҲ̶ãһѪ£ǰɽѾһϢܱ޳ȥ󲿷ֹ˺صˡ
⻹ôȻǳ㾳磡žȻʵҪ޳ֶξˣǴʱҲͱѪƮɢʣ
ƿ޳վ𣬶ŽҧҴӣŹϴ󣡡
֪ȴһ壬ЦЦؽıˣû˼
˼ãǰɽ籩һҪȥƴ
޳һץסĸ첲ҡҡͷһȻŽûҪĳúúüˡ
Сɱ㣡
һʹ޳һɱǿʱ㷢ŷʺƣ
޳ץǰɽһܹƷ磬ֻһ˲ҪٶȣɣҪû⣡ȫʵһɸߣڱҪͷУжǳ㡣
һ޳ṩ˻ᣬʹǰɽҲûб׷ϡ
Сˣ˹ģ˿ֻʣһʣûҪûҪûҪ˵ã
˫ۺһƬһֻŭĺɣֱ۳޳һĹ
䣡䣡䣡ǲ𵴣ͷлҳ䣬·Ҫһ㡣
ãСӿֹӣԪò׻ָԪͼ˵һĻغлأҪôȥǾҪˣ
޳ȻһʱǰɽҪ俪֮ʱ׺Ҳ˵⻰
󺰣ӣлأĵűɣ
⻰˵ãһ˵ǽֻһߴһߺɣɣﲻҪˣ
Ӵ
Ӷˮˣǰɽغϴˡ
򣡡޳ɫһˣƫаҲܲȻŵǺȥ
ǰɽӶҪˣϴ߻ħˣ
죡޳ҧгݵغСӹؼʱ̾ͻңǼȻעҪǾ͸ɴളһһĳһǾӳ죡
ǰɽŵôҴµ˿ŵҩУôһ߱޳һߵϢҲ뾡ָȻһѵ׸
ֻǰ֪ʲô磬һǼǿ޳ױȵǰҲ۵ͬͯһ㡣˷ĺȴһͷû
޳ʶԾʱȻѾֻ֪ܲʱһֻһ۱׹Ԩĸо̲סһΣʶЩ
ж
޳סһȭǰɽסڱǡ˵Ŷʲô˼
һߣȻҲ˲ԾѾ׷񣬾Ȼ󺰵ôٸӵϣ
޳ȥȻкէ֡
ӣ޳ΪѾܷ񣬵˿ҲܸˣŮ˾ȻԱ
ǰɽסˣҲ·Ҫ˵ˣ
ڴʱȻһߡ
һȺ׳ա
׺һӰǰȥǡǸղǼҵķ


1185 ڵĽ
ϴ´ܲһЩǰɽ۵ĲӴӵֹ㲻֪ڿǾŽ٣һƲãСҾ͡Բۣô£
߶һ룬ͻȻеôֻصˣأǾȻû
תͷһ޳վһߣ롪˫һɣѪӿû޳ľȻ׺ǸСˡ
׺㾹Ȼҳ֣ǰɽ򲻹ҲҪ㣡˵žͳȥ
ɽס֡޳ͻȻסضһ䣺һָܽ
ղǰɽ֮ʱ׺һõĹǵսڸǰɽϣҲǾһȻĶ࣬ͷ벫
ǰɽһ٣ˬؽСӾͲˬ
׺һֱ䵭̱Ƶģ˵Ļһ㷴ӦûСתͷһãͻȻڵῪ
ῪʲôЦǰɽһôԼַʳ
޳ҲûзӦ֮ǰȻǵòǺõǿĺܡ
׺ü͵ֽһ飺Ὺ
ǻģ޳ʵ޳û˷ԸµĹأ
׺ƳһۣҪ˵ȴȻһҵ
Ƿӿ겻ɢǰɽߵյǽߣϸ˵湥ֻʯŵ˶á
ţнƣǳ֮Ҫֻʱ⡣޳֮ǰǳڵ׺ǱԼײƵǽڸʱǽڵס˽ȻǶ군
Ὺ׺ü˵һ顣
޳͵ؿһۣˡ
ǰɽҲʵôԼ᣿ղðǺôң㾹Ȼǰ᣿㰲ʲôģ
׺ƺϰ߽ЩŤ˵ѻȥĽƣûΣաңˡڡ

ǰɽ޳û˵һʱԵС֮ĶȾ֮ˡǰɽǸˬˣһڿ棬ǰߣӵִֻСǼȫǸɴֻġ
޳һůСһַϰɣգסһȥ
ãִֻáǰɽȥһѱá
޳һû춯԰ʱǰɽȻж
˵ű㳯һȥ޳ֹ
һΣûзҲû顣ǰɽѵ۵֣ԹͷôôӲֶҪˡ
޳ЦؿëëģжˡȻǶ
ǰɽź£ͷƷ𣬶һʱһϡֳǸʯ벯һֳ޳զզغϴϿˣٿûбĶ
޳ǷһҲ飬ҲûͽǬ֮С
׺һֱվԱߣ񵭵һ㶼ڸʲôֻǰɽҵ֮ʱͻȻ֣һȥ
أ
ҵıըûǰɽһȶڰϣ𼦶һ㣬ɵˡ
ð죬Żתͷŭص׺СģӸɿˣǲˣ
ɽ޳ֹûҪ㣬㿴ʯ档
ղǰɽ򿪴壬һͨҪ㱻׺ӹĶըˡʱһתͷȻһЩʯƬ
ʱ޳ղӽȥһ𶥼ɱ⡣
ոȥҲ̫ˣǰɽګګؽ
޳СǮˣ
ǰɽź֪ʱըëĺһ㣬ԾϣµָڵʲôɱŪˣ
޳֪תͷ׺ղŰɽ񣬻ּ¡
ӸղŵĽӴδо׺Լĵ⡣˲ϲ˵ղǸٶΪǰɽȴᡣҲԼһҲˡ
Щì˿ģ治֪ζԴˡ
׺һ飬ֻûؽƣƣɱ
޳һû뵽澹Ȼƣ׺ģƺ͡Ԫ飺Ԫ飬ƿԵʹã
ԪʱϢȻ࣬ͷǴãؽеĽƶԵӣⷵ뼫ȴࡣ˵ⷵƣ֮ǰҲѼϤܵѹ⼫ȴ෴κһ
޳üֵʵ߲Ӧ໥
ԪǺһЦҲҲΪ߻ʹش˸ӣŽ֪ǼƵãԭʹãһ󣬿ס֮ǰЩҩǳ뷵ƺ
޳ӿڵǿƵķ
ԣСӻ㱿ǸզզСŵ㣬ԪүؼأҪǱըԩԪؽ
޳˫һУǰǸˣڤ鲨ҪƳƣ˭ףһ䣬ǰɽ֣Ϣ
ǰɽʵϴû°ɣǷӿʱ
޳ȴѾϴǴ˻ȥԼڴһǣԸðᵽʯԡ
ǰɽ޳棬ҲԹԵؽø˻ȥҲȫϢƴù⣬ҪػǸϿָʵ
ʱ޳׺鷳ִǵһǽ޳պضл
׺ѵõصͷԼһߴǣغһ͸һ㡣
ʱǿ񱩵ĽѾǽڱòϰ͹ڣصһ顣
ط˶Сֻ࣬ϷȻѻһ𣬱ȳ˴һࡣվڣЦؿ޳ˣСޣȫˣúúãʡһȥҡ
˵ţʺһģͽǽڳ׻飬޳˹ȥ
޳һӱƾʧһ˲ѳһߣǰɽҲʹطһ档
ǽȴǽ޳һˣðԹĹ⣬תǻӳһƣףС֣
޳Ӱһ±˽һײƫеغ䵽֮ϡ
ʱһӿ͵һ¹ס
ģһþȻʱŭȵɻ磡
䣡ײһǿķ籩ɢ
ʱ׺ָһâ৵һµסɢ޳˷ϣǴһȭȥ
꣡ɷĩڵĶڻȻ֡
޳¶һ˿ЦȫƣһƳ¡ʩչȥ
ȫԸǹãͻȻԱߴһǿһδӦͱһɾУصһµɳȥ
ɱģﴫŭ𣬶һѪܵ˳˳ǽըֻʣһǼܣ
ǰɽһЦӣʶʡˣ
ϻ޳ֱǰɽƨɾһţȥֱ˵֮ڤ鲨ɹƽƺһ̲ͣ˽ȥ
׺Ҳ˽ǽŭ𣺡Ʋ


1186 ֮
ٺ޳ǰɽ˺ƾһһ㣬ӳܵһЦ
ʱѾ֮⣬ֻǳʵЩΡԭƨ֮Ҳ֪֮ܵδ㣬Ȼ
񫡣ǷӽΪ϶ǰɽЦ
޳Ҳܳ졣ղһ£ûɧˡվߵ׺ǰϿҵʵֿ֪ɻֽƣ
׺ǵһƳһԵȥȻ޳һ˿ֻ˫֮ҫһ֮ƮֻһᣬͼһŵɫͼȻɣڽ¡
һ˲ԭһƬĳڣʱͼ䣬ۿɼٶѸٺ£Ƭ̱㱻סȫԭһڡ
֮׺һһ⽣৵һնͼֻۡһͼʧȫȻ
ǰɽĵǰ̧ǳڷȥֻֻδͱһε衣
Լؿڣû
֮ǰǷƵһ¡
޳ЦЦ׺л
׺ֻͷǰȥ޳ǰɽҲȥԭŵѰⱦûѰյѰ١ʱпպúôܡ
ֻһǣ޳ǹɱֿ֮ʼӿ֣Īظо˸Уһ˿޵ķŭüתͷǰɽʲôֵĸо
ǰɽؿʵ䣬𣿡
˵طЩ䡣
˵䣬ǰɽһ£׷׺ʵ֣ǼڤĿϣ
š׺شطǳɴ࣬²δͣǰȥ
˸ɴ࣬ǰɽ޷ˡεض̹ıӰһ仰˵ػص޳ߣʵϴ˵ͬ𣿡
޳Ǳգûʲôµؽԡ
ǰɽһԾԾԵģ룬գˣϴ˵Ķԣƾ¡Ǹʵȥɡ
޳ֻһһǰȥ
ȷʵһɲ֮УԽߣԽһ֮ӭ
޳üҲԽԽǹɱԽԽŨһڼۣҪײ
ʱǰɽҲоһ˿Ծ˴ֱۣ˵ϴôоسƵģòɭ
س޳һͻȻ۵һһѪ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽ󾪣סеʵǸղˣҵϢãԼô˲ע⣿
޳ڰ֣ǣЩ֡
Ҳ˵һʲôоֻԼڱѣһҪͻǹİֻоԼ·סһһ㡣
һȶô뷨ƺӽ¹ŵؿʼЩ
һ̣ǰɽȻָԱһ͹Сɽǿȹŵǣ
˵űȥһһ߶Ϲʱڵĵǣʮ껹ܱóȥ϶Ǯ
˵ţڵø𾢡ֻţĶȻסһվڿպԾ޲ܵ޳
޳Щ֣ͷСȥֻһۣͻȻĵǹɱ֮Ȼ
ֹǵǣǸް׹ǣǡǾԳԳİ׹ǣ
ǧͻȻӿȫޡԭشת۾ĴɨΧȻ¡С
ƵسԱһСȥſָƴ
ϴôˣǰɽסֵطԼƺˡ
ȵǣһһֱ׺ȻҲ޳һһ
޳ʱһƬȻл磬Ҳ֪Щ޹ٻԼЩİڿԼֻ֪ҪڳҪۼ֤
֤ʲô֪
׺ˣһ㣬ЩǰһڹȥһѶѰ׹ؼգһ⣬һֻֻȥʮľԳ
һǧһپܣһǧһٸдСԿȥ֮ʱеĻǳסһ壬ȺʽסעǡЩȥûйľûеʬǲȫǣǲ
޳׺һҹ
ȻǱľ
ǰɽĬĬߵվһһҹǰСؽλȻ֪Ϊλż⣬Ǽ˶ȥҲѹǡǽڰ
ᰲοˣ˵Щļޡֻϣλѣܸоﲻȫþ뿪ǡ
˺þã׺зӦеıתʱѾָһޱ顣תͷһɴ޳һĨ⡣
Ҳֻһ˲תǰȥ
ǰɽ죬վûֻ޳ߣصѡ
ʱ޳ȴǽһַǳľ硣ǰ·ǰݻֺʲôûС˫ۿնûн࣬һƬ˼άȴڼת
ʶлصǧΪʲôòκλӦҪ˼ȴֵطѹ޷
ôǱľأ
Ȼ챬ȣһڵ崶һ߿մȥ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽҪ׷ȥȴڰ޳ͻȻת򣬳ŵ温
ɱ
ǰɽ󾪣æһҪȥסɴʱ޳ȫһμƷɱǿ͡һ´ϣصһ档
ʱһҵ𵴴ӵɢһȦȦѺӡ
洫һ䡣
̤ˡǰɽЩ͡޳δҲ̫ˣֱһͷײһƬأ
ЩСԳһƬƬ䣬̱ʧǰɽһƺͷƬؽҪ߸ˣæ󺰣ϴ޳û
˰죬ȴֻԽԽ죬ȴ޳κλӦĸҲҪ³塣
ģҸǰɽҪԨ֮Уȴ֪ʱ׺һסֱһȭ˹ȥκαһƱڵûƢ
ô󺰣ϴ棬ſңҪȥ
׺ޱ³֣
Ҳܼȣɿǰɽ۶ˡֲ⼸ô飬ԴӽƬŵأһû
׺ûϻ̧ƾҪ
ǰɽͫһȵҿûв壬ȱ۵Ķͣסİͷæߣܱߺ˵׷ң
ֻûãͻȻתͷԨȥҪ޳ܲˣ
׳գ׺ޱֻӳһƣƷһХȥ㳯Զȥ
׺£ǰɽˣСӴʱĸ
ʱԨºȻһҵ𵴣洫һһźӰ漱ܶ
ǰɽŤͷ¶ϲɫϴ󣡡
ֻ޳ðϹ⣬齫һ㡣ڿУ˺Ϲ⣡
Ϲ⣡ǰɽ۶ˣϹǱֱӷڶ㣡ʡȥ˵ֱӳ޳ɱȥ
һߣ׺ҲѵжѸ٣޳
ǸϿա޳ͳһǬѴѵϹղã֮ʱصףзֵ¾Ȼ̺ӴϹ⣬һһռ
ֻƬ̣ϵϹձ̣͡һһ󽥽ɡ


1187 ؼ
ڶ㣿
վ󣬻ܣжʡֻܣһƬˮÿһ£һȦˮơ
ǣһޱߵĺ֮С̧ȥˮɫҲǲˮһϸ¡
ⲻʵ硣޳ӦôһƬС統С
СгԪȻǡˮܡҲ˵һƬС硣ֻ˳Գһѡ
Ե޳Щ죬ܹǱԳõطһطǶһϡ
ϻȻΪǱˡ˵Ȼû뵽ȻֶڡϷСˡ
޳̲סۣʲôʱܰǿ׳ϰԸĸģʵôˣ
Ԫ鱻ҭȻ֮ǰǱصߣ˵Сӳ۽ǿˣҲ˶ѡһܹﾳѣϷЬ
һವûԪ֮УؽСӣԼ취뿪طɣҪԪˣ
Сӡ޳ЩΣǾ䡰ﾳ硱Ĵǳ֮ﾳ磬ɷŽ٣Ҫﾳ绹öãʱЩ٣ǰƺһ蹵ͬǰޱ߼ʵĺһ㡣
ԣȻľô뷨޳񣬴ûʹδ
תͷƼǰɽϾȻˮвʹ֮ɫһ˷ǳ˵龳֮Сְͷתһߣ׺ȻԲ飬ȴҲ΢üͷػһۡ
޳ͷ⡰ˮܡ֮ڣȻлþǰɽ˵ˡ
͵ܱȥתһһϸܵˢһ㣬ವɨһϰЩԻˮɲȴ
ǰɽһ𣬵ʱѹһʼ黹ЩãȻعֱƴزϵˮ
ÿ˶б֮¡޳ĬĬתͷȥʡֻǰ󣬼ǰɽȶһЩļһоڲС
ǰɽӣЩ˼ЦЦ̧ͷܣطĺܣǻǾ뿪Ϊá
޳ͷطСˮܡС֮ʵԶ֮ϣҲ֪ʲôأ뿪Ϊ
תͷ׺ֿ֪ƽ֮
֪׺ȴЩؿһۣûн
޳⣺Ǻ⣿
׺Щòڽڤ鲨
޳ԼţЦ˵ɵˡڤ鲨ܹκνƺֻҪ֧Ŷɣͻƣ
Ҳϻֱ̧ƶһɫĲƴӵӿܡһ˲ĸһƬɫɢˮһܵڤ鲨֮Щˮɢ·һ㣬һȦȦС
޳建ڿգһǰơǰɽ׺˽ظţΧһΣվͻ֡
⡰ˮܡ棬ƺû塣޳ܿһͨ˳ȥǰɽ׺硣
ֻǲһ̤ؽ磬ʱԭ
޳ǰɽе㲻Լ۾ǲǴطˣطôһС򣬸֮ζϵϡ
ǰɽګګȻһ㣬Ϊ㿴СٵģڴȥҲ
Ļ䣬ʱһЦűһ߹ʵǴðģ˭˵ģЦˣ
޳һѵĴطˣ
ǰɽķӦǼңһסǴʵǶ㣿ʲôط̵ģǰ͵˰ɣ
Ǵ󺺱ץҲգúǺЦһȺӣôүҸ㣬ǵؼҲ㡣˵ͻȻһߣмؽƾȥ㣿
˵ϧǰɽļҡͷҪ뿪
ãǰɽŭ˫۱ԲһɽʽͳǴ󺺺˹ȥһԵ޳һת㳲طסǴ󺺵ж
Ǵ󺺲죬ɽʽ˸ţ±㱻С
үģ󺺵ӵص´Ҫȴͷһǿѹһʱ侹Ȼ޷ͻƣ
ǰɽվ棬˿ĭаЦҴү㣬ٸɣ
޳䣬ָָԱߵһ¥Էת׺һ𣿡
׺ûоܾһͬԱһҡͨջǰɽҲæ׷ǽ¹ŵ࣬һֱδЩ
λ⻹סꣿСһ˿ˣӭʵֻǵ˵װʱɫ䣬ͺȵλﲻսлӣҪȥ档
лӣ޳ǳ˳飬󣬻ǵһα˵лӡ
ͷһϵƲƵعţˮлƵġתͷǰɽǼһ磬ôģǼһѪģģƤƵġ
õҪ׺һﲻ֪ʲôʱѾ·ϵˮɣʱȻ·մܱǿһЩ
ˣ˴һ𣬻浱ýлӼұ
ǰɽҲûܹ˵ȴ¾ͲõغȵǴ⣬ǮľǴү㻹Ҹǳȥ
Сȴһ㲻£һᣬָſڽٲȥ޹Ҳ
ٷϻǵƲÿһ䷿źԡ¡޳ֱӷԸ˵֮ʱϢţһѹ͸ȥ
СͨߣҲֻǰ徳гɶѡ±㱻޳סĿİͰ͵ؽסԷҪѵģ𣿡
ǰɽŭӣеǣҶ㣡
Сһ⻰ֱͦмؽлӾǽлӣ㵱磿ﲻӣϹ⣡𣿡
Ϲ⣿޳˽һΪֱܹӴͽϹ⣬ﾹȻֻʶѣЦ˰ɣ
ʱһֱĬ׺ȻϹУǲá
˵ţ㳯һλȥ
һﲻ˵ѣһ˵ǲͬ졣ǵСһһԭֻ˵˵û뵽ǾȻ˵ֻЩ²̨Ųӽ˵оˣ˭֪ǲƭ˵ģ
޳ؿһۣгһǬһߵһ߽뿴УүүԸ
˵ţȻǬһһɫâէ֣ϸһϡ
ԱһƬпȫվĿתض޳м಻סҪᡣ
޳ɨڳÿһˣ˭ջˣҾͰһϹ͸
˻һ
ǰɽҲˣϴ˰ɣϹⰡ
޳벻Цֲ֣˷Լ㡣λĳղ˵ģĳ˫ַϡȻȵá̫࣬Ǳֻƽඡ
ʱ¥ڣһɷ֮ڿջӡƵĵСѾŵɫҰףײײȥ


1188 Ϲ
޳һʯǧˣջʱǱѽ뷿Ŀ͹ǣϢҲܳһ̽׺Ȼһӣǰɽڵ˶һŵض޳
ǰɽۣϹⰡܻǮƣھȻºҪͳȥĶڵѪ޲ÿĨ޳͸ϣ
˵Ŀɶ棿̲סʵ
һʣ翪բĺˮڿջ˶׷ѯ
޳Цһ޺ޱصͷȻĳ˵㻰Щǵı꣡˵ţһ˿סϹ⣬ǻۼ£ɺôһš
һСľǰ󣬾ڳ˶Ŀɿڴ̲סʿˮ͸һɷ̰
ͻȻԶһ糯޳һһ¾͵˸ǰ
˰಻סҪǿ
޳һЦ˫һУתȻʱһġꡱһӰͻȻ֣Ǳص䵽ϡ
ޣ
תޣ
ֳʱһƬ޳ȫǾη޲ϡ棬תϵȴǷǳ֮١һͻƵתת붼ֲ
ѾùģŲȥЩȻǿվԭأѲ֮⡣תޱʵ£
ڳԸһֲĶ֣
޳ɨһڳˣ˫һϹ⣬ʵ˭ԣ
ֳһƬྲûٸΡʹǸʵһģҲȡ˹̬ȡ
ʱ֪˭һ䣺ҿ˵˸ȻȲȵã
Ⱥʱڣÿ˶һóԼĿұ졣ֻǹĶҿջߵˡ
һһϹ⣬Ҳһ̤Ļᡣջʵ̫Ѿ׷Ա¶š
޳Թۣתͷкǰɽ׺ˣߣҪ
ǰɽڴɵѹһе˭϶ԣˣֱȥˣ
˵գسźȥ
޳⻰Ҳûڴҵʲôö죬ǰɽһǬ˻͹ⷢȻѾԼĿڸ֮
߱£ԣҸ徻ĵط
޳һûȵȺнάֵѾΡΡĿջһЦƼ治ԶдͤӣҰӦò
׺ֱӣ˵ͬʱһһ̱ͤ档
ǰɽۣЩګګ̾ϴϬ
һȥСӻ᲻ôʣ湻İ޳һۣϹһգһһ˲Ҳͤ档ǰɽ󣬽ϡ
ԭûȵˣһϹ⡱ˣȫؾҪ׷ȴ޳һλͣĳδʳӡģһῴϸ˭࣬Ƿݡ
⻰һջǷһƬЩ͹ٴ˫Ѫ죬֮ˡ
ͤǰɽǬһʯϷʳһ̽һ̣ܿ㽫ʯ˸
޳һ̡顱ԥһ£̲סǰɽжز𣿡
ǰɽЩɻ˳ĿȥʱһڣǷɿؽ̼ӽһԵĺ˼˵ǸղŲǻ˼𣿡
ļ˴۽硣ʳư趼˳ǰɽԼЩ˼ګګصҾôһ֪Ѷ
ٻ׺Ѿſ˹س޳Ҳûж˵ʲôһֻƱȾƣʱʱؼӲˣ۾ȴһֱǼҡͨջ
ʱǿջò֣Ȼϸɫâʱۺһһ㡣ֻ򲻶ͣҪļ
򡭡û𾢡⡭Ҫôըá˭ģǰɽһֻȣ߽ͷ֡
޳˿ھƣ벻ؽһŶǣǰαΡ
ǰɽ鴤ϴҲ̫ˡ
˵֮ʱûпѹЩûȵ˱ͷעĶ˿޳⻰ʱ
ʦôҲǲ
ľ㣬ȥɣһҪõϡλкͬŵʦȻ⵽˱Ӧһû졣
๫㾹ȻҶ뺦һĲҽСһ̾Ϣֻ̾Ϣֱޱȣɱ
ǰɽҡͷ԰ԡ
תͷ޳һصҡͷ̾ˮˮ
޳ʧЦֻʩСƶѡʱóϹ̼ǣҲΪ鷴Ŀɳ𣬱֡
ǲʣϴǿƣҲǰ·ϡ
ۼǿջҪ𣬴ǿջԺȻһ糤һ㣬һɲƥ֮Ƴſй৵һεĽƵС
һ˲ԭҪ͵ըĿջף˱Σ
ɷŽ٣Ƶ˾ȻѾɷŽپ磬Ϣϱ޳ҪȽһЩ
޳ͤУֻһɫĹųǼǰɽһѳϵһֻȣһ·ȥԶվסӶ԰Ц˵ϴջ϶ǮץǼɣ
޳һﵱԼˣ
λϻδжͼһ׳ͻȻͤ¶ʵ˭ҪҵĿջ
޳̸̸˿ھƣûһۡ׺ˣǴ󺺱㱻һߣ¾ͱ
ֻƺɫâһ˫һ̧һŸʴϢ޳ӿ

޳ɫһһƬҫ۵Ľ⡣סǶĹһʧԭءһߣ׺Ҳһּٶʧԭءٴǰɽԡ
Ǵɫ䣬һźӶ԰
ȱ£ǰɽһƲԣæ⣬ʣµİȥ
۶δգһ£һȭ顣δͣһ˲ǲԶŭȵǺôĵӣȻڶҵ
˵ڶû˸ϵһڵӣǺߣܹ
ڣ޳ıʱ΢ЦЦؽɡ˵ֹÿһͨһһһ˫һ˫
ǰɽȻҲ£ԺؽʲôŽɽˣջܵϴ󣿡
޳ɫͻ䣬Ͳ³ݣɭЦԭСӡأ㵹Լˣ
˵ͬʱӳһɺϢţԽԽ࣬ԽԽŨƷһ㣬Ҫĸо
ǰɽͻȻеڶ򣡡
Сӣеʶ¶һ̵ЦݣȻ֪ʲô˶ϰɣҿԸȫʬȻᱻҵסǾͻʬ޴棡
޳۾һУһϢʱӶǰɽ״յСѵڶһᱻƣжСġ
޳ͷʾ˺󡣶ǰĺڶܹƶˣ
ڶȻûңʱȻܹʩչΧǺܹ㡣޳˻һɫһ䣬һɲõͷ
Ȼһ̼޳ͻȻ˭ɱڵ߹Ϲȫ͸ͷ


1189 ݣ
ݣ
ǰɽ޳һн赶ɱʵǡߣ
޳һ껰չ磬һ֮ѻص˿ջʱЩȻղŵĻסȫظ˴СƵġ
˵Ŀɵ棿һλģ߹еʵ
޳𻰣ֻǽǬһᣬһһϹƮϹ⡣ֻϹɵϺۣȻ֮ǰҪ࣡ڳѾ׾
޳˫һϹͻȻһּٶϴȥڿգءһ³ݶһ֣һɾ޴źɫڤ鲨Ȼ˵ҵǵεĽ֮ϡ
ֻһУ
һз飡ǿջưܵһ㣬ɡ䶨Գһؾ㶵Ŀˡ󣬱Ǽȵ𺳺Ͳš
ʱ޳ѱһȦϹΧţƮȻԶȥֻһ죺޳˵㻰ʱ򣡡
䣬ʱһƬ
޳
ȻйڣԻֹÿһλӡ˵ĻӦÿţ˵֮˵վڣۼ޳ԯľ
һҸȷʵȡһʱ䣬һɹȻӡڵźͰͻԹʱ֮ǰ˭Ҳ뵱ͷ񡣿һϹܹǰ㣬ջʵ̫ˣ
ȭͷƴˣҪʲô
һõӦ󼸺ͬʱ˸ɱȥ
ԭԼľӪĿջһߵҪѰ޳ӰһתͷһȺԼΧ£Ȼ޳ȥʱĺɫһȵǸңڽǸϾɱ𣿡
ߣϾɱҲҪб¡ǿǿҲи޶ȣһλçһѿɽڵ˵
ԣϻɱͷ­֮֮ߵ֮һλδ󺺽
һλɷŽٵĸ֣ʵǳۺټڵ㣬ڵӵĵȻ١Ҫ۵˭ҲûǸա
δ󺺵ĽõһӦͣһȺһ¶׼ɱӣѸٷסԲһ֮ء
ǾȻҶԼ֣˫۹ĵɣڶȻչ৵һ¾ͽ˸˽ȥ
˼״ߺųȥһϣȻ˭ˣ
첻ݣ
ͬʱ޳ѾѰһջ䣬յڷϴЩ֪Ҫ
һյٴξڴãȻǻһģ˿װۼͱ׿ջСλҲǿҲû˽ǵлӶԴ
ϴҪϹͳȥǰɽۣһֻ豭һͷüֹҪܻٱѽ
޳ЦƳһۣеϢϹٺãҲûҪ
ǰɽһ⻰һⰡʣ޳ٽһ䣬ץòŤתͷһ׺ȴǼһﵱԸǸ͸Ƶģһȵ
죬ĥҪҪȥͷ
ʱһһѪģͷҵ޳
һǴϻûһ⣬ƸմѪһ㣬һƬҺ졣ղǷж༤ҡ
Ǵһһ䣺̵ģСȺˣ϶ˣҪѧӶ֮´˿ҲǣҪĶϹ⣡
˵ű㽫ŵͷ޳޳ȴǿûֱָһԪ𣬡ۡһͽͷճ˻ҷɡ
Ǵ󺺰ĭŲӽϹ⡣
޳һЦͳǬȡһϹݸǸղŵϹ⡣࣬Ҷһݡ
˵ִǬóƴһϹ⣬ֵݹȥ
Ǵ۾ֱˣض޳еǬǰǶڲ²⣬Ϊɱǰѹ׵Ļóˣû뵽ȻУ
޳һӣ֪ԼĿѾﵽ״Ʋص˵еǬ͵㲻õģﻹ࣬Ҳòôࡣˣ鷳æ仰˭ҪܽؼڵɱˣҾһݡȻǼͷ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽֱӴλɸҪ˵ȴ޳ƮƮͶһƳЪ˻ȥǸʹ
׺ɵûǵ̸һ㡣
ǴŬ˿ڿˮͰ͵ʵ˵Ŀɵ棿
Ȼǻһϵʱ䣬ĳ¾ûˡ޳ЦЦ˵
Ļ䣬Ǵ󺺱һѾĵϹ⣬৵һ±ȥûãʹ޼С췴ˣڵͷϹඣҪμӵﱨ
ǰɽһ´λվ𣬰ԹؽСӵ⣬ϴ˺ôܱˣ
޳ƳһۣƽʵҺ㣿
Ҳ˼ǰɽæͣ˵һ룬кȻһʲôȻûףǵ޲ӿ
޳ȴתͷ׺ʵ־Σ
׺ȲĶ˶٣šһٱȲ衣
ǰɽۣĿ֮شתؽСϬԭ˵顱ߺǵػ˸˵Ȼϴ϶һȦ
޳ҡͷط㾲Ļعһ⼸յ򡣼ʱ󣬾ǷĲ򾳽֮ʱΧԼһ
绹һ޵ζ纣Ĵ
鲻ԽڣҲЩƮƮȻҪеĸо
һ̣ƺһֵһ񲻼į
ţоϴһԴĴУָաζҲԽԽŨƫȫǿꡣ
ӣūźɺãŮˮһ㣬˫ֽع޳ĲӡоһϢдһ˲оڷ·ʲôĶš
ã޳ȻһȻоţôһӵбһд
Ԫ󺰵СʲôȻһŮͷ㣡
Ůˣ޳һ˿磬ЩȻȻ쵽һĲ
ⲨǰգǴһ˿ᣬ˱ǵζϸһţ㡣
ȻУЦҪŮǺηʥȻעˡ
ʱŮѾӶϣֿʼ·ǸOO@@ڼžҹԵ
޳̲סüⱻŮźȷʵζ֪ΪΣԽԽŨѬ֮СĵĽһʵûסһѽ˳ȥ
Ů˲죬ֱӵϣǱ̧ͷ㡭㾹Ȼʹթ
޳ЦˣӴϻվ𣬾ӸµؿɱңȻʹթ
㣡Ůüһ壬͵شӵϱȴˣһֺ㰡
Ļ䣬˺ð죬Ŵһƿ֮죬һ⼫س޳


1190 ԯ
磬һҵ籩೹䡣޳ɫһȻ߶϶ദѨգԽȭӭϡ
䣡һ磬˱ɷ顣
޳֣ǰɷŽȻӳһһˡ
Ҳʾ̧žžͶơǿƷһѰѷذף޳Ľײһ̵زһ𻨡
˶߿⻢صŶԷ޳ʱüͷ΢΢һ壬һʶĸоӿͷ
£沿ǳͻȥƺЩ졣ѱ䶼ûҳļ䡣
ʱͻȻڣؽԯὫڲĿСӡ
ڣ޳ЦǱԤĿ죬ȻͲˣ
ޱؿǰ֮ˣʵԯʲôˣ
ǼҸԯ԰ؽü䶼͸һɿơ
޳ȻЦѹô죬ԭԯ֣ϷʵؿҪ˵ȻһӰֱֱسԯȥ
أصضһƣȻû޴ȴԼй촫һ˲㿴Ӱݵصһ䵽ǷŮߣһ޳ߡ
޳Ƴͷһǰɽ΢̼ҧ촽һߺ޵ضԯ
вһǰɽʶҲкü죬ȴûģЩǵȥһСʵΣû˵
ǰɽŷԼЩͷɿ΢΢ҡͷû¡һƶѣҹͷӲ
ô˵ֻ̲סڲȻû˵ǰɡ
һߣԯҲûãֹͬǰɽ֮ʱȻЦҵ˭ԭ°ܽ
ǰɽȴһĿԯǷŮ֮ɨʾػ˻ȥҵ˭ԭǸŮ˴ͷų򣡡
㣡ԯϸԱλŮЦü繴Ȥǰɽ޳ϴת˵ùˡ
ԯĿһֻѿ֮ܵļһұ㳹˽ᣡ
д⣡үү㳹˽ӣȥڹ길ףǰɽ˿ĭһ˵һɱţ޾ŭ
Ȼ֮ǰйڡ޳һӳսʹ졣ԼܣЩ˰ﲻˡҪģػ
֪Сԯһһҹ֮Сǰɽ󣬽ϣһǰɽʽֱֱسҹȥ
£ԯɷ˽ٵչ¶ƳһһɿӰʵһӰɽһ㳯ǰɽѹ䡣
ǰɽ˷ŵȭͷҲ˲ϢǣӭֱϣءһӰʱһɿ纣һӣƿһƬΧγɡ
ǰɽһŤʮȻˢˢΧܡ˫һһСɵɽԾȻϡ
ʱһƬãϢϯ⣬һҪǸ֮С
üһȻǡĵϡⶫаŵĺܣСҪԶЩŪþֱӱͷˣԪһͽг֣ſԪ϶޳СҲ򵥰
޳ЦܽмǼ򵥵ġ
⵹ǣһ㵹ģԽһԪ˼߽
޳Եͷ۾ȴضòɿˡʱǡĵϡѾɶߣԶԶȥͬһɽһ㣬һƴɢǱɨ֮ͬȥһ㣬ϱ֣ɲ˥ߡ
ǡĵϡԣʱ
޳վסԶоһ˿⣬οֱֱɽԯֻѪӿӲסȥͬʱֲǰӡһķɳһһطŴ󣬶һƣǰ
ǰɽ͵һɽɽȻִڸһɣһâɽֱֱسȥһ⽣ƺ⣬ֲΧ˷Ҫ֮С
ƣǰɽȻһȣɽֱֱԯȥɽĺԽسң֮ڣ˥ܡ
ֻһɲǣԯǰƱѱ͸ñɢΡһ˲һƮͷѩףһӱ㱻ȥ¡
ɫһǰɽЦû뵽㾹ȻõĵϣҲãǼҵʱ֮
䣬һΣԭرһһģһ֮ˡ
û뵽һ˽۷徹ȻҲһһսǰɽѹȻ
ԯ˫ּ̧սȻһɰƹһ˲˫۱Ѫʯһ㣬úƽҪѪ
ͬʱҲʼ仯ƤһƬƬѣȻһۼף˫ָ׷賤ֺּӲ

һڵӾȻʹ޳һ˵ȴӲҪǡޱȣһǲɹɫҲ
ԯӶأҲһƬһĻǰۿһ㡣
ˣ޳һ⡣շ۱Ԫ˾ߣܱڶһֱںУһȫ³
ԯ֮Ѿð˰ʱһֻǿޣðﭺ⣬˫Ѫ죬Ѫһű³һɫ
ֻ৵һ²һ⣬ֻһɲǣǺ㱻ʴظɸɾԯһǰ̧һӣһƬɫϸһ㣬ɽֶȥ
ǰɽ˫һɣƮɽ֮ս缤սȫӿɽ֮С̼䣬ɽâʢ
ǺɫżǿĸʴԣȻ裬һ㽫֮Ԫ֪͵һԴؽڣȻҵˡСӣ֪ʲô𣿡
޳ʱϵǰɽİΣпոϻֱӽл˵ӡ
СԽԽòˡԪ߷ߵֹ̲ס˵޿Ϲޣн꣬ǹ룬ʱ֮ܶãǳǿҪ˵СӵĵҲһɶõİ벽꣬סˣʵڿϧ
ƽ֮֮ƺо綾޳æʵ
Ԫһ°Īеĺ룬԰ص취ȻУϹҲֻһɫѡǰѹ˵Ϲš
˵Ȼס˿ڣԭ类˴һһй
Ԫ飿޳ʵ˵Ϲʲôûа취ƣɽҪ֧Ųסˡ
ûˡʲôûˡԪЩ㱵غ
û취޳ҪЦˣ彲ȴôһ𰸣
ǰɽѹһȦȦС׿ƣǰɽֻҲ׶༪٣
޳ɫһʮĵһƬɵһ㣬ڵԯȥֻǻûͱһסһžشڽ֮ϡ
ʵʵĽһ׻ɢյδֹһ㡣
ţ̹ݵس޳һα㻯һӰǰ
޹Ӻαļ˷ֳʤг񲻸ʣĵһɺƮ
޳һһԾȻϡ
ŮӸղһɲǱƣȻǳ磡ǰ벽ǳǳ磡


1191 ս
ˮΣ˵üۣһɷ鴦ˡǰһλĽŮӣȴһּǿΣС
޳治ɫȴ̲סһѨ⸡һȦȦƴ
Ӻα˽ţūҿźءŮһЦɲΧ·ʧȥɫһ㡣
ɫ޳ͻȻðĸ֣֮ǰһżϼһдеŮרһ߱޳⡰ɫ򡱡ɫˣңһЦʧɫǰ˰㵹СȴǸ
ʵӣ
ŮӽЦգ˵ӹȻǼһ۱ܲ³ĵĳʵܳ
˵űʩʩȻ޳ȴһӹһһģǽˣ
޳ɫ΢ǧʩչǰɽڷȥʱɽһ˸ߣѾ̲ݻ
ǰɽͻȻߵ޳æϴߣа벽ǳ֮ιð
ס޳̶ֱֻ֣Ӵ߶ڤ鲨ɽϵĺɫȥȻڤ鲨ܹһҲһա
ԪоĶþͲţСӷˣǶҪԼɶ𣿡
޳ȴܲˣڤ鲨˷ɡһʱ䣬ɽ֮㱻һŨīĹĻһ
һ˿˿룬붼ûͽǳԪȥ
ԲۣС̫ˣԪˣһɨǰήңߵش󺰴С
޳ش𣺡ٲͲˡ
ӣԪ޲һѪСӣԪٲȻչЩ룬
ⵤҪʲô޳նϽ֮ԪֱԪ鵱ʦ
˳ŶҩֱӶǳ֡޳Ц˵
ͷԪһ仰⻵Сӽˣ
޳İæǰɽѹټϴСģȥԸɧǣ
ģһյʱ䣬СӾ͹ȥ㣡޳ɿؽ
ԯһ޳˴мЦһڣһ㣺飬ҾҪţٲ
˵ţƬͻͻһڹϣֻһ۱ѣ
޳һ۾΢΢תȻһεķһ㣬̱Ϯԯ
˫һɣһգȵ飡
ɲǻʵʣ罺һ˲סԯϵƬֻһԡƬȻ飬ĩɢڿС
㣡ԯһ챻˿ӣʹɫһףؿ޳еͣҵҪνţкر𣡡
£弱ڿգ߾˫ǰһѹһ貵ڹǰ̱һ˲һ޴Ӱ˫ԱչּΧ£ǰһ
һһӰһǰӣһʵӰ£ȻϳһӰɵͬʱ˲Ϣǣסգ죬һѹ֮γɡ
޵УԯһȣӰһ㣬޳ѹ
޳ʩչȥӰգһСӲǱ㡪ս
͵ͣסΣȻȫʮѨһĹƮһӡ֮ϡ
ˮһӲ羫һ㣬ﵽ˼¡
ܿӼңȫǾסѹѹһƬ޳һȫơ
ƣ
ʱһֻ޴Ӱ⣬źɫײȥ޳ŷϣ˫ֵһĳ
žžž
һʵʵײŷҰ޺ɭ쵽¡
޳·һͷţһ㣬ϵľòƵسơȻһӰ಻Ʒȥ
Сˣԯ͵̤֮ϣ˫һ壬ǾƱѹһ֡
𣿡޳ͷƣ̤أǹЦȻһ⣬ȵε㣡
˵ٿȻһ⣬žƷһһ㣬һֻһȻ壬һβžȥ
һϸھϷӣȻ顣
壡βսǳ
ⲻܣԯŵؿԼơ
޳ϣǶͷһƣûʲôܣȥ
ҲܣҸ磬˭ҲԯУڹ˲䱩ǣ͸һ⣬һɼѹ֮Ƴܱ
ССģǽĶž˪죡򲻿ɽǶҲ룬ȻǶ棡Ԫ鼱æ
޳Եͷؿſ񱩵ԯ
ʱԯƬǣ׻Ρʱǽ꣬ѾںɺĴۣǹЦЦСȻң
꣡
޳һؿǰĶ˵һɫȻҲҳ񣡽ұ֪ʱѾͬעֻܱᣡ
˵쭸ߣһƳһɽ֮Ƴѹȥ
ߣСռݵԯ㣬ֱֱӭƳ˹һӰ㽫ʴ˸ɾ
޳ɫһݣʱԯȻȸղŸһ㣬ǳһսʱǰɽǱͻȻһƺ
һͷԿص͹¡СѾŮĵѪģʱһϢΪ˼꣬Ҳֱһĥ
޳ּŭҲ˲ãһȵСң
ֻصһСͻȻڿУͣһɨβͳԯ˦ȥ
һҲһԯЦŶ׼Сǵβ;һȭ
ɲʱһɼӴȻСһ㱻˦һߣصҽУίس޳
Сǣľ޳̧һԴС
䣬ǱԯͺȻЦƷֲΪܹƷңЦ
СǺܲˬĻӾӸµؿưҪὲȻһݺݵ֪ļһ
޳һ䣬תͷСǵȥúк
Сǡѽһһ˵һȫλã𶯣֦ҲһεĲ֮
ͬһʱ̣޳ӱ𣬽չѸسԯȥ֮أ޲γһƬգȼմ
СӣܡʲôԯԭЦ˲Ť˻ɲţ㡭ħʵǾȻҵľˣ
ԣɣһ޳ǧɷһһײȥֻۡһ죬ϴ˹ȥ
ԯһͣӽӲתһ£컹˵ʲôȴͻȻһõһ㣬صѪ
һŰǰɽĺĺȻһ͵س嵽һ̲ѪԱߣ˫ץеĺɫ壬ֿЦˣˣ
ϹۣͻȻתͷݺݵض޳¶һ̵Цݣĵ˵ȻˣҲ°ɣ
䣬һɼŨζǵƮɢһͷĿѣɫγһӴĽ磬޳Сǻǰɽȫֽȥ
س޳ƮĽʦ׷¹ŵأȴʧȥӰ浱ûǲҾ֪죡ɣ


1192 ɫ
ʵʡСӣŮӵΪǳ֮ϣҪģʵԪ궾ŵҷæ޳
Σ޳üʵ
Ԫ˼þȷʵãŮӱʵǳ˵ã㶨Ҫ䲻
䲻޳ϸϸ룬Ȼ˫΢Уͷ̧ͷſҪǰĺģͻȻתͷܡ
ȻҵɫûиоҲһ㶣תͷСǣȴֲҡͷԣȻǵ˻þ
ü΢Ҳϸ롣׷ȥʹûþҲ޳
죬޳Ҳ˿ʩչǧ䣬˲Ϣȴƫƫﲻ϶Ȧӣһۻҡ
ͣסС׷ĻҵҾǾԵסҪҾܸ
˵ţ˫ˮһŤһ˲ϱһ㵭ɫΣ֮ıһ磬Ϣسܵӵ
εζ֮ǰҪŨһ˵ľ㣬ܽ˳Ƿһ˿Цּ̧ʵʵһ߰ϡ
գֻ̧ӵɱ
޳ֻΧĿͻȻһ㣬½һֽ⡣ϮһͷĿѣ֮
һֱֱ׹䡣
СӣﶷһЦ׷ϣ̧һС
أ޳صײ棬һҳһӣҳ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽԶɫĥɫ죬鳱ʹغҪܹȥȴһ취ûС
ŮˣҪᣡһ߶Ѫ˫Ѫ죬һͷţһ㡣ǰ޳ȣԼֱǸûõ˵һĳ
ߣȥɡĿһ״̬ǰɽؾֱۡһһ糯쭶
ȺԴ˵ǰɽ͵һҧԼ촽Ѫ쭡ž޴ѹһӵ۾ߺ޵ضźģ˵Ļ·Եһ䣺ΪԼ˭ƾʲô͸һȣǰɽ
ǰһһٴγ֣׼ĵصľǿ米һشɽһ㣬һֱһһӵǰȥ
ΪǲϮ鳱ѾѪעͣһͣ£ͻ᳹׳ɫ֮СҪҪ
Ȼ̤һôضһ˫֣ѪֱȻںȵʱ⡪У٣
Ȼϲ٣ٲ
ʱɫһɫУһɫķģЩķתƬƬâɿؽһγһƬ޴ơ
ݵһ֮Уʱӿһ磬֮ƣϯ
ߣСʱлǷ򣡿ҵ򣡡һϷɫʱӲӺ⣬һŨҵŻζ˲ӡ
ζ֮ʱͣͣפʱеĳٶʱȴԲ⣬һŤһವûɫ֮С
ɫҲû֮СʱһӴ֮з¡¡죬·ǵضҪһ㡣
ۡǰɽһѪ˫һֱֱعڵءɫɷȻףҧݺݵضʱС
ǳ㣡ŮҲǳ㣡ֻһɷ߽٣ʹھԵʵǰֻ϶ѣ
ޣԼΪԼܣʱգҶ򣡡
СţĵĳЦСӣȻҰıԴӣ˸ʡ£ֻҪз飬СӸ군
˵ţϺңζŨû
ۣۣۣбһȭȭƣ͸ϼһ㣬ҵش͸
ÿһȭȥǰɽӱһ𣬴ڴڵѪӿѪһ㱻Ҳή
ԽתԽбļ󡣺УЦСӣҽУҲҡ޵Сһȥɣ
˵ţϺֱֱһ߳һܼȥ
ǧһ֮ʣȻһߣΣˡ
һɫͻȻӵֱֱسȥ۵һû֮УһһסǽҪѵĺ⡣
ʲôĴ󾪣æչ⻤ȴһȭؿڣ۵һ³һѪ
ſͣסһǰһɫӰֳǰ֮ˣ͹ĿԲɵ㣿㲻𣿡
޳Ƴһۣô׾ʲô
˵ţýĵͻȻգһݵûͻȻֵһ֮С
ܣһһ̰֮ɫ촽ЦĿܣҸøлΪǿһս
УǾȻ֮
޳һٿһ̤ȥٴν֮ǳһսʱٿűоһǰδе
ǳǲֻĻƣѬˡо֮ɫҪηķҿԸһȫʬ
𣿡޳৵һԭվŵĵطһһģһӰټһ
ɫһݣмشЦ֪СټһΣǳ㣬һָʮ
޳һ৵һðʮһģһӰټʮأ
ĵɫһҪ˵ȴðʮˢˢΧסžŰʮһһģһľܡļʹӵоԵƣҲܲסԷȡǽսһһᣬ㹻ƣ۵ˡ
޳Ȼ⡣ֻһһһðٻһ
ĵɫһһЩ
е۹⣬ү֪вסˣһͽ޳ɧǳôôˣﻹҪѿѽܲˣˣ
ıѪڣϸӺ
޳ǹЦ̧һУһԵСѣ޳ɱ޳תͷԸվԶԼ
СʹͷݵطɵԶʩչղþԻʵ˷Ҫصӡ
СѾʼβҲһѣǷۺ
޳תĿ⣬ŽĵڣǺúôһ
ݳ鴤߷ߵؽúôһǺúôһԱˢˢʮܣֱӺˡ
޳ЦҲֱԲС
䣬һŽĳȥԱߣʮһ淨ҲͬĶȫλסĵĹ
һߣСǲϵʩչħʵһֱֱ֮سŽϯȥ޳б˲ṥһ£йȫ䵽˽ϣʵһӱۿۣ䵽ǳ㡣
СҪңԲưոݣĲҲЩаʮǳһ㣬ŪҪڴˣ
ѾԹ¶һ޳ؽͬʱ̧ȥ
СѪһƬҲдƴʩչݵһ»һ۹⳯Զȥ
Сǣ£޳ȵ
Сһ׷ȥҪ׷ϣȴһ˻ţһһ𣺡˴ˣһպ


1193 ո
˴ˣһպ׺ħԣ޳ֻСˡһѪ
ǿѹºĿؿԶһӰӰһģüĿʣƮȻȻЩƮ죬ȴ͸һ˵ơ
£ֵĵ嶨ֲ̣ܽ˲֡˻䣬Ȼһǿķˣ޳˾
޳ѪţȻſǰɽ롣һжƽǰѲĵӰӰҲһʧѹûֹһ㡣
ÿҰ죬ƵؽҪǲһ廹ڣһСС񣡡
ˣ˵Щˡʵ࣬޳ͿֻԼŬһҲᵽǸ߶ȣһߣ֮ϣ
ɧľǸĲƷҺеŵˣȥ˵ű㻯һԪ֮УһԾ
СŤŤطɵ޳ߣͷСع˹һģ
޳ЦԴСҲȥϢɡ
Сһ˻ȥ
޳ʧͷЩοЩءǰԼǼȫˣǱղһսְֵҪԡ
¶ģֲԼ֮⣬þǿǼʵһݵƱһݻĻᣡ
뵽ȻǰɽѰֻǰɽſԶؽϣԡ
ǰȥѾûֵܣͷصض˼żƷҩУջȥ
ջ׺˻ĬĬվһԼȥ޳Դ˵ûжҲƼˮ꣬û˼ҳȲɡ
Ϸŵһƿʱһ˿߹ȥһȻһžƷԪ
СӵǴ󷽣ⵤҩɲ׹ǣ൱֮ЧǾƷҩˡȻԪүֵҩԪԴؽ
޳̲סۣ廹ԽԽˡҩ֮󻺻ǰɽڣ߶
⻹Ԫ˵ãֻǰɽǳǳ˺һʧɫҲָǰһϴĲˣʱѾʼɫ
޳һֱȵƹ̣뿪صԼС
ڶ죬ǰɽǻһͳ嵽޳С
ϴǶ̫ˣǰɽزס޳ְ˺þòû嶯
޳̧ͷƳһۣ˶ؽŶϲ
ǰɽǳ˳飬޳ⷴӦҲ̫ƽ˵ɡ΢΢һϴ󣬺ôͻƵ˽ˡⷴӦҲ̫Ǹ˰ɣ
޳ؿĸⲻǺ𣿡
ǰɽԼˣεؽѷǳˣ˵Ƿǳ򵥣Ƕ˵ҡЩ֪Ҫαеĸж
޳һЦʵлĲңǻԪ׺ġ
׺ǰɽ⣬û뵽ԼͻƵöԪȻǸƺ«ģһʱǸӡ
޳ǰЦˣͻǺ£ԺҪŬԺ·Ӽ
ţ֪ǰɽһĨᶨػص
ţ˷ˣʱóˡǰѾ̽ؼԱѾͨ켶ԱһͨרŵĴ󵽴޳ѯһԯ֮飬룬ա
ǰҲţ⴫ͱҪռһ˳ȹСǰɽü
һ֮Ϊֱ֡˼Աɫ֮⣬ؼĳȹ⡢켶ĺ⡣ȻϹ⣬ֱͨ㡣
һȹⶼûСǰɽؽȳȥѼһЩ˵ħһֳɫ컯ܹ֮ȡȹ⡣
˵Ȼһ飺ϴ֮ǰΪλὫϹ˽ϹǱֱͨ㣬ֺαളȥ
޳Цת˳ȥã׺Ҳӷڳһȥ
ǰɽĬģԾӣܸо֮һĪա
̲סʵǵôģȥȥô˵仰
޳ͻȻóϵϹ⣬Цֺαô鷳֮ǰ˻ڵͷʣ²٣ϡ
ǰɽ۾͹ɣһܹ˵ģϴϹ⣬㲻롭˵󣬿ôһ㰡
ܴ󣬡Ϲ⡱һһɧԭֵĴȫضǷ
ǰɽĭս޳СϴȥŪЩȹ⣬㽻
޳üã𣿡
ɱ
ǰɽĬĬ˻ȥƲֵض˲
ʱ޳ȻߺһǬϹ⣬˽컯Ⱦ˭жǰ
ǰɽֱſϣ䡣⽻Ļ˳ȹ⣬컯Ⱦ컯ȾֲΪ͵
޳ȴǳظһ顣ʱΧֱ߹óһ컯ȾݸЩԻ٣
޳˵࣬ǬͳСһϹݸ졣
˲˫ֽӹ󼤶ȥܱߺҪȥԣҪ컯ȾҪϹ⣡
еһеڶԭӵԼ컯ȾҪһ޳ɫȻض˶һ
޳컯ȾصݸһԵ׺׺ӵҲȻֱԼǬУһҲûò˼
ǰɽ鴤˿̸ĵǡϴǬﵽײ˶Ϲ⣡
䣬ȻҲۺҪδ㱻޳תɱһʱ˭
ʱǰһ˲ϡõϢЩȫȥȥˣһ˿ճǣǿտ
޳һ죬վһ£תͷ׺û
׺΢΢ͷͳǬ˫ֹâһǬֳݸǰɽ޳һһűԹԵԼȥ
ǰɽ㶵Ǭ춼ûӦ
޳ЦЦץʱҲתԼȥ
ǰɽƲѡȻӦ͵ϲسػط䡣
һߣ޳һصڣ㽫컯Ⱦȡһ֣Ǳ
Щ컯Ⱦ֮֮ǰ컯֮Ҫ̺컯֮ҪӾֻһţȫȣһֱĸо
һϲֱʮ飬ֱֱػԼһΧסǣʼƴ
һƳȹϸһ㣬ëϸѧסķɫȾһȺ죬͸ŹƻһȦȦ
ֻо崺һ㣬һɾڼ
ʱ壬ִʱһųȹѨȥһ̻ơǧ򻯣ÿһݻΪ֮ǰЩѾΪϤʱӵӦ֡
һ̣һ̻ÿһѨڲϱؿһ־˵ٶȲؿǿϷ·һ⣬ļ֡
ͬʱǬڵ컯ȾҲǼ٣һȹӿ޳ڡ޳һ㱥һǿһ͵Ȼһҫ۵ĳȹ⡣
޳ͻȻۣмһĳȹ⣬Ŀ֮һжɷĩ


1194 񽻻
޳ߵϣһ߸ӿһ˸
ѹô˼ͷȻгĺôУĵ»֮컯֮ʵ֣
ղ˴һСɽС컯ȾȻӲһС磬ʱѾɷŽгɾ硣ţֻҪ㹻컯֮룬ﵽ벽ǳȫ⣡
չһ½ǣϲط֣ϾžŰʮһѨѾױ̻ƣСѨλҲѾ󹦸ɡĻѾȫɡ
鲻Խһ˫ۣͻȻһƱϣһ㡣㱸оԼһһһǿ֮˲ӿֱܻƲ񷣡
ĸо쳤Хѳɣǿ޵УԺأﻹȥãﻹ赲
üһˡÿһĿⶼޱȡǰɽʱһµûڵء
޳ǳؽɱͷЦŬ
ǰɽһѪ³˱ˣǰԺҲἰһ֮£Ȼǵñɣ
ʱ׺Ҳӷ߳ҲֻǵͷԹԵ¥ȥ
޳ⰵ˰ıӰ˼һ֮ǰΪɿ͸ƺϱһһ㣬濴͸ޱȡ
ϴ˵ﵽʲôǰɽüʵӣܸоˡ˵ôĮһˣ˸ʲô
޳ûнȥҲͬĸо׺ȷʵ£¹ŵص쳣֡
뵽кȻƬΣÿҪϸץסȴʲôǲ塣˦˦ͷҪץס翵˼
ǰɽֵʵϴͷʹ
޳һͣһʵ¹ŵأҿ쳣ٶ
ǰɽŲһ٣ЩɵʵǸڷ𣿡
ڷأ޳͵ͣסŲתͷĿ⾼ضüʵʲôڷأ
ˣǰɽȵʵǸ﷢һǲҲȫˣ
ӣֱ˵޳ȵ
ǰɽ̿ˮؽͻȻһãǶ棬׺㡣ӳǺһ֮ءµã׺˶һ㣬һľԳݹǣһҹ
Գݹǡ޳ԴȻһʹҪȴԽԽģ¶һĨʹɫͷ­Ҫһ㡣
ǰɽ״һϣżʵϴû°ɣ
޳һղôˣһϸʶһƬ磬ʲôֹ˼һ㡣¡·һӳĽɣá
ҡͷҽ֮鵽һߡĿǰһҪҪ
ǰɽĴʱ򣬵ɵ۾Ҫĳһ㣬͵һĴȣЦϴһֻǧ꣬ǡҪ֪Ĵ㣬϶Ҫ
޳ЦЦؿٴȥʲôò
ǰɽæסͣĴһ£վСҾȥˡ
䣬ݵһ»һ⣬˲ʧڿջ
죬һϢڵؼԱȻ󲨡Ϲչ컯Ⱦһٿ컯ȾܻüСϹ⡣
һʯǧˣؼը˹
ǰɽ컯Ⱦյ̶һʱѾǬĿǰȥܽƬؼ컯Ⱦȫո
ͬʱ޳׺ȴԼڣЩ컯Ⱦ컯֮ԴԴϵȡ֮С
һֻһ㣬סζʳ󲻶תܶʼִ˲˵һ컯ȾǷڡ
ڵ컯֮ﵽ˱ͣҲ֮ʱ㻻ǰɽǱһ٣Ѿʮ֮顣
Ȼ˲ûٴͻƣȴﵽǰδеĳӯ״̬ˡ
ǵȣȴƣڱʮգؼԱ˲ֹһδģ䶷¼ΪϹ⡣ֱͨջ󣬶ʵ̫޴
ǰɽأ֮޳һ֣Աܱߵشȥ
ϴʲôǰɽ˼⡣
֪޳ȴһЦֻ³֣ԡ
ԣǰɽĵһŵģЩ϶ڳȾǶһϹˣﻹʲôɴģ
䣬ǰ߾ʹһҰ޵˻ɫһǱ߸ȥ
ûٽ͸оһɰϢһֱֻǰһͷ൱ɷŽħޣһ˲ˡȻ׺
̾һΪСӲʳ˼̻û뵽Ȼֿ¡
޳Ƴһۣؽʣһͷɷ벽ǳħޣÿʮֻȥ컯ȹ⡣
ʲôǰɽʹͶ䣬ŵʵϴ󡭡㣬ûЦɣ
죬ǿ൱ɷ벽ǳħޣսĳ˵Ҫ໹ǿö࣡ʮֻⲻȥ
޳ЦʵΪôȾΪ˺棿ý˻úúʵһȵ˸߼ûˡ
ǰɽɫһҲϻѡһλһͷ˽ȥ
޳ıӰֵ̾ܣԼذɡ󣬷һȥ
ܿĵģԼ͸һȵɧζ޳ת壬Ҵ⡣ƬУЩͽħѱնɱɾʣΪ¡
Ҫģǡոȫոһʣ
Ȼʩչ磬һ⳯Ϣǿҵһȥֱѡһͷ벽ǳħޡ
˵һܰããһƬԼ͸һƻ˪ֱ֮Ӵ߶壬һװһ㡣һɨ˪֮ˡ
һСͻȻڿСһŤ֫㿪ʼתתԽԽ׳һɫһ㡣֧ҲʼչسԱȥ
Ŷ̶һ˲ͱһž޴ɫԱߡ
޳ͷСԼСġ
СصͷŤһ쵽Աžػɢһҡ̴Ȼвɵֵ֮ơ
޳ĵؿһۣת֮СŸһ룬һɱ֮̾
һļ˴󵨣ҴűǱޣ
Ůѱ档͸ƣ쳣һܽ˶
޳սðذΧסԼһӺŻһ㣬صһ³档
С󵨣ħ¶һ˿Ц˷ܣǿȵѪʳú󣬶ܴ󳤹
޳һ䣬³֣Σ
һһһԭ֮Ƴϯȥ
Сӡڱǰʲô˲мЦһܹ͵س޳ǰ
ԭֻĸꡣ޳һ˿Ц⣬ȱһƤ£ǧβƤëʡ
βŭЦƾǻ֪ССƤҲȱˣ˵̧һУһɾ޴ı˪֮У޳
޳ǹһĨЦݡӻ𲻹ǺãҹͳԿ꣡


1195 Դ
֮ԭοһ޳ֻȼգĺȻðһŰɫ档ǻ漸ɫȴɢһ˽겻ȡ
һ֣ܵĿͬһ㡣
βɫһǰɫ͸һɻšУһĻ£⡪ǹԪ
޳ŹԪ߽ؽһԶڳ컯Ⱦȫʬڶҷ𣡡
㣡βûĿСӣ㲻ɷŽٶѣ˰벽ǳԵʵǰҺΣֻܾˣߣԷŹ㡣
𣿡޳벻ʵͻȻԪһɫֱֱسžβײȥ
βһû뵽޳Ȼ˵־Ͷ֣æˡȻ͹ǧĹԪٶȣһͱ׷ϡ
ۡһɢһƤëζ
޳ޱ̧һУһž޴ķ籩ŹԪȥȼ
ƣԪ˷ܼһ㣬ص˽һ֮ҲʢǱҷ
β˫ͨ죬־ŭص޳СӣȻݣݹֱ飡ƣ
˵ţαǣʱסˡβ͡ԡһ£ͬһ㣬ʴǵĺ
Ľŵأһ޳ÿһһ˲佫ǰ֮ضɱ⡣ԪȻҲһ
޳һֱŵЦ⣬˿Ϊ̧һһɫԾȻϡ³ĻȴԺһ㣺ղֻһӰȻҪƴҲֻһˡ
ʲôβһ٣ǾղǿҵոϣȻ˵ղֻһӰ
ӲЩս˥־Ұһͷ賤
޳ϵЦӲãŹԪ̧߽֣Ƶؽɡ
룡βطۼһ˿ս⣬سɳȥ󣬾Ÿβɢ絶һֱֱش޳
ʱ޳ֻо뺮̶һ㣬̹Ǻһ㳯ëꡣһŹԪǰһһſ
ҲעУֻһ£Ԫǣǵصسžβȥ
ҲţβŭغһһðɻûɢͱԪڻһʣ
ķŭֻܿںʵطη˲ϵĻ⡣
޳վסһߣϱ鵭ʲô
ԩ޳ΪηҪϾɱβŭ쳹Ƿߺޡ
޳³ﾺǿʳ㲻ǽ᳹طǳ𣿡
˵ͬʱƳڶѻһѶѰ׹ǣױ
βĵȵףӦ֮죬һʧ㱻ԪռƤë̱㱻մ
޳ŹԪתעǧɷ֮Уžβսͷ­ն¡
˫һգһź羧컯ȾȻֱֱСʱǾβͻȻһһԶݿնȥ
޳һʩչһ˲ǰһס
СӣαظϾɱβĲлŭغС
ɱͬʱ򣬿Щ޳ʵ۶գһµؽͶڡ
ƷˣԪֵؽٲȻչ৵һ½βĲл룬ϲ̵
ǰ벽ǳ꣬˵һμõĲ֮ΪָܻһЩ
ʱ֮СҲæòֺˮͰǰݵڰյУ紥һ㣬ϵܡЩǳ֮µħһ㣬۵ػС
޳ûΣգתһҶȥһƬ򣬻ͷ벽ǳħޡǸռΪŽᣬȻͷһϣЩƣӦ
㿪չ˷ոж̶һʱ䣬һƬǲ̤һ顣֮޾Щħ򱻷ɽٳ
ԺһƬһħĴ˵ЩħԼмλħߣǵУӦΪУ֮ء
ʱ޳Ȼ֪ԼЩħУѾΪһħʱĵģǵĳɹ
̫̼ˣ˾ۼһ㣬ǰɽ۾ŵؿǰһѳȺ췢컯Ⱦ̺֮֮磬㹻ٳһˣ
йŬʿˮҪǰͻƲʺٴγףȻһ޳ţһٳ嵽ɷŽǿˬˣ
޳Ũ֮Ƿֳȷ֣һݷջȥһߣ׺ҲһؾԼǷطȥ
ǰɽѣԼǷݣͻȻ޳Ǳ֮һֻ꣬ҹ
ǰɽһ㶣漴նЩ鴤Թôİǰɭɭ˹ǻ𿾵İɣ֮ǰʶһεĹԪ𣬾ЩġȥұǸ˼һأ
֮죬޳һЩֱ֮ﵽ˳ܼޣ˲ֹͣ޳˽һҵж
һžɽǰѩڻ½
ǰɽǰɽֿ޳̲סʵϴɽʲô
޳ɰһۣ˵ֻ̧һУһڹһͻȻڿСһͼǰɽȥţģүϲطɷŨҶˣ
޳һ̧һУһСҲ˳ȥŤ֫˷ܲѵ׷ȥһöͱߵӡ
ǰɽѾ״ͣ㶵ؿǰһһҺ޴ɽֻޣȫû˼
Ȼ˵ܹȻɷޣȴǵһμǲϾܹҲ֮СǾȻСǶ
ʱҪĳ嶯ôûôˣôһֻƷޣֲҲð
׺һеɫ糣ֻؿǰ֪ʲô޳ܹһͬǰѺͣȻʲô
ȵСز֮ʣ޳תͷ˵ʼҪġ
ǰɽһ𣬶ǿϲû뵽޳Ȼ˴󷽣ۿЩ죬صصͷϻһȫ
һоڲС
޳֮󣬱㿪ʼһ֮ǰѾСɣ⼸һֱڱæµ֮Уûʱúһôʱһߴһ
ͬʱԪԪ֮У޳ӽļ벽γɵꡣ˸ŸзǳҪһ
Сӷһɷ޳һȥ˷ʮ֮ãǵŸһ䡣
Ϊûκζ
޳۵ʱ򣬿ǰɣޱȵĴأҲһĿ֮һһƬưܣƱ˵ݻٹһ㡣̽ܣԶƬָЩҴħϢ֮ãԿһЩ
һҲʵ̫ܳˣһƬֵϰˣȴֱӳԸˡ
ءȻСʹĽһҪϹȥԱִʹŭ
һתͷˡֻһ󿴶ؽԪ֮СȻԳˣٲѹƿ¾͵ñ壡
Ԫ飬ʳ
ãԪҲеԳţû˴ܣ


1196 
Ԫ˵ôأԪУ໴
ûòС˵Ԫүô㶼ۣ㲻ýˣԪҲ۴Уͬʱʩչٲس˹ȥ
үүģ壬ֲҪɸһëôУ˦βͣžһ³鵽Ԫϡ
Ϻǣ㻹ҽУԪ۾һɣֱӴ߶һԪ֮𣬳ȥ
˸ȥģţתͷСǣæѾģٲֱӱըɹ֭ˣ
СããذԴãؿǣ˺ʩչħʵ৵س˹ȥ
үүģͬˣҸ
ԲۣСֲˣȻԪүҴ򣿡
ءһ£Ԫֱףһһֲһ飬˲Ťһţƹƹҵֳһͨ
޳ͷ۵ؿһᣬǵطȥָԪһͬͣ޺޳Сȥ
ʱСǳսķ֣ǾȻ򲻹֣һͽ߽⣬⻹ô
Сһģκر޳ݵһУ֮С
ˣԪؽһ죬ԪүҲҪĳȥⰵյĵطʵڱ
޳Ц˵㵹ǾÿôһͷסڣҲǷա
㣡ԪñӶˡ
Ҫֻ䣬ȻһͷһԪ֮Уǰ̫ȻղһͨһЩڻûգʱбΣա
޳̽һԪ
ԪԶղŵĻˬûؽò˶ãԪүүҾܻص۷壬ҲҪˣ
⻰һ˶˳Ĭ޳һϲĵĸ߶ȣһ·Ԫ飬˵޳нĳɾͣԪ鹦ûûԪ޳첻㣬ȫδ֪
Ԫ飬޳Ѿ֮ˡȻԪĻͻȻйʧ
ԪԼĻҲЩաȻÿζ˵޳ǳСӣÿζòϣ޳츳⣬һ
ֻһ뵽ˡҲЩȻʹʱ䵽ˣ뿪ǱȻ
˳Ĭһ޳Σʵлָǰɣ
ԪͷȻ
޳һһؿǷǰҴ򿪹ؿɺã
أ
ԪҲһЦСӣҾϲɺݾ˵ĶԣҲʵһ㾳ˡ
˶٣ɫЩؿɲ򵥣˵ܿȻ˳һεʵҲ֡
޳ټԪصģҲãҧϾҪ켶ԱԵĵҲԽԽǿұ뾡üޣ
ðɣȻС¶ģϷףһѡáԪȻƮԪϷһӡǴ޳ʶ֮С
޳ֻʶһ𣬶һż䴫С
ǹԪصĽ˵
Ԫأٵأ֮ܣ֮ΪϹŽ֮
޳ǱصײһƵġϹŽ֮ǵһֱӵؽӴϹšһʡֻ˵ȴеظܵԶبŵĴС
һ½
Ԫعתһת񷣻ڶתǿգת̩ÿһתпٵ֮ܣǳ֮ơ
޳Щת־Ѫڣһɾη֮⡣
СӣǿһתӵǳսټЩƣҪսʤԲ⡣ԪЩ˷ܵؽ
޳ƽ飬Ǳ㿪ʼɡ
Ԫͷʼ𴢲Ԫ֮е֮֮ѾԪΧָȻɫ⣬ֱֱشԪ֮С
ʱԪϿŵķĺƻһ㣬ڵڽת£һͼ֮ƮԪߣһͬԪ֮ת
޳עͼתƣЩû֮Ҳתͼʼתطǳ¿ĥһ㣬תȴһɷǳӴƴ͸ɣֳأ͸Զţ̤ն
ִ͸纣һ㣬һˢ޳壬·ھһϴ񣬴굽嶼һδ
֮ԪȻֳִ̧⣬кȵ
޳׼õ컯֮ע룬ȻٶȲ궯
ñȹѵĵսһ㣬ơۡ缢ƿʵ޳ֻһɣȻһ
ƺðԵղһ񣬲ͱԪɿɨһԪ飬ȴɫأһ˲˲ضͼ浽˼顣
ʱȻ𾴣ٲҷ֮ϵעͼ֮С
֮زӿ룬ĽԽԽ·ҲԽԽ֮ģǾ޴ѹһɷǳۻֹƵγɣ
޳΢΢ü㳲ѹơļ룬˿ЩĥҲֻһ£ͻȻˡһ£ҷ
޳һ۵³һѪǺȻʵѲŸտʼЩܲס
һҧѹͲţ޳ߵһССƶκβˣ
ϹֻҪģܱƷ
սⱻ׼ӿһɳǿҵս⣡ӣгɹĿܡ
Ȼһȣ˫һգʮĵս⽫ΧסһȦȦڼѹѹ
޳ҧأ͵ÿһë֮Сһ룬͸֮֮ܵüһš·Ѽһ㣬ǿٴߴЩ֮ˮһ㣬سŵ֮ӿȥ
ԽԽ֮ӿ룬ƵԽԽʢ·ҲԽԽ·һͷ˯ľѣǹɲã̺֮֮һ֮ơ
ʵ̫ǿң޳ֻԼ·𱻳һ㣬͵غƽҪ塣һƺߣһѪ罦ȾôһƬѪ졣
ԭһµԪ飬״æֹСӣȵͺáΪܹͣѾˡ²ǿ
ֻܵز޳һ򣬾ǿһǵѪؽŵزѣĳŲסҾݣ
˵ַתϴ߶֮һΣҧأǿҧţ
һŻ֮Уһδѹ£ֻһɹʣʵɹֻǿߣ
Ҫһǿߣһǿߣ䣡
һɰ־糱ˮһ㣬֮䣬ȻƵĹâȥ޳ûһٴ߶֮
ֻˡһ죬֮һ㣬͵سƳȥǲϱֲϼӳ֡޳͵һȣѸ͸ǣ䡱һû֮С
̣֮һҵĦһسͼӿ롣
ԪؿǰһУǣţˣˡСǷˡ
裡Ϊʲôÿζ˵ˣ
޳ʣһλ߲Ƿӣ
ܻ޳һӣ
͵۾ȵԪ񷣬һ𡪡ҿ


1197 ͳȹ

޳һɾ¡һ죬৵شڱһ˲һƬϻƵͼƮͷת
ͼתһɲã֮֮չһɹεĲѹ
ͬʱ洫һʱণضɽҡضҪһ㡣
콵֮ڶоһʱ䣬ؼĻ̻̣С;˳
޳ڵͼģһ˸ҿǰϢ˵ò첻ΪȻҪһͨ鷳
һһҹͼſʼͣЪȻ޳֮С
Ԫ֮еͼ޳Ҳһĵþòƽ΢Ƥëѣ˾ƣ׿ǸǺεս
ԣƴȴȴƤëѡ
Ԫڻ̾Ϣһ޳С룬ɼ䲻˵꣬ʮ֮ǵһˡ
ˣ޳˼һ룬ڻ˳ˣǺˣ
ˡԪԭֻϰἰȴû׷ʡֻ֣һ㣬þ޷
޳еİ˼֪ΪҲʹҡҡͷˣˡҲŬһ󼰣
ԪؾһߣȴȻͣס޳ᶨǰ·˵ǸͲεӰһϤĸоȻһ־ǿ־־ҪΪǿߵ־
Ҳ޳صͷСӣͣ
ţ̶һ֣ȴ޾ǿͺ;ġ޳·ţ
һ΢ƽ޳поһ⡰һ𡱡ͼÿһ㶼ҪǳӴԴ֧֮֡ǰ׼㹻ȴĲͷͼͣס
ʱͼȻûг׳ͣҲǳ߹ģͼ·֮³
һ͸оһӴܽ˺ѵӿզࣺǿûгͣҲǳս
ûСܲˡ㲻ǵһԣҲ˽Ը츳ŹˣҪͼȫûͼɵʣ
Ѿģ޳̲ס뱬ڴ֣Ҳ̫˵㣡
ԪʶԼ˵©ˣ޵ıЩ˼ؽ͵ǸûԪһȻɹҰæһ
޳һۣٸվչһ½ǣȥһֱҲ֪ˡ
ֻһţ㱻ŵӰһֻǰɽʯһվסſڣּ΢΢ڹ˸ڰ
޳ͷһůЦ˵ˣЪϢˡ
ǰɽ͵һ𣬶ϲתͷ޳һ飬ŵؽϴ⶯Ҳʵ̫ˣû
֮ǰڴͻ󣬴Ǵ޳ڴʱ붼ûڵҪȻ춯»Ҫˣ
޳мЦЦؽлл
µǰɽ˼ץͷЦɱô˵ֻౡ֮ѡ
˵Ȼɫһ˼ؽǰ׺Ҳֻ㷿俴ãɫƺе֡
Ŷ֣޳Ȼ׺ԭȵǹɵĵ⣬֮ٺø֮ʶãжĬ
ǰɽͷЩ֡һֱţкüʱ·ĺƵġ
·ĺӣ޳Цʲôݣ׺ӵģҲ޷·ĺϵֻЦһ룬ȻסЦ⣬ɫЩ
˵֮ǰǼһ￴ԼʱƺҲ¶ãı顭
ϴʲô˵ҪҪȥĹǸļһҪ·ˣҲðͻؼҰǰɽ˵Щ
޳ҡͷÿ˶ԼܣҪ֮ʱ˵ǵ֮˼Ҹš
ҲԡǰɽҲԼҲͬܣҲܸм޳ΡҪ治֪Ҫ˵룬һ˿ȹⶼޣҿ˵ؼԱٹرա
𣿡޳һҲĵӣؽ㹻ˡǣЩ컯Ⱦȥɡ
ӳһǬЩȾúʣģ˷ѡ
ǰɽŴ㶣úŻګګؽôоϴʲôƺˡ⡭ͷ˿ӣЩ˷ܵʵ˵Щ㲻ƬľƷˣ
ħѱɱ⣬֮ǰһϹҲ컯Ⱦ͵ϡȻ֣ԼеĴӱó
޳Цתȥ
֮һʱ䣬ǰɽ㿪ʼ˷ضһ֮áЩжȹߣóǽϾȹˣáȾڵ֮ȴʵʵڵԴ
һ֮Ѷһ㹻˳ȹ⣬һ㿪ʼȥǰԱȺӢ
ȺӢһνƬΨһ͵شҪһ˳ȹ⡣ٰ֣ÿλѡֶءЩǵ䣬߽׵߲ܷ
޳˸ϵʱȺӢȻַ׳ʣڵŴ͡˳ɹȹһʧһЩΪȹ㣬ȡʸ
ϴ˵ȥȹ⣬ǰɽضǰ뿪ʵ
޳Цʵ߻ᵽڻﲻ
ǰɽĵظ߽ڡ֮ǰһһЩ˽ǰæˡ
ʱȺӢһλߴӴ뿪Ǽĳȹ⣬⻪תɷǺÿ
˸һ߽СǰѯʣλҪͣͷãÿʮ컯Ⱦ׼ˣ
ʲôͻҪɸãǰɽˣʣµЩ컯Ⱦа벽ǳ֮ܣÿʮţ˱ʮţһ㣬ĶҪѪˡҲ̫ˣ
СױĪɫÿλ߶ɸǹأ˭Ҳ⣬ʮ컯Ⱦòҿ켶ԱȥҲգȥҲǶˣ
㣡СӣүүⱩƢǰɽߣӾҪȥѵ޳վסһ߾ؿţûг˼
ÿʮţǧ߽ǱһǳӴĿǵǴĺ̡Ҳ뿴ı£ǰɽ׺ȻЩҲֻվסһߣԼ͸ˡ
㻹붯֣Сһǰɽļƣüë˰ͽأҴȥ
һһƬʱϳ޳ǶһϹ֮ˣ
ģСӣɻϹ⣿
ԣϹ⽻ʮųȾСүˣ
һ˲мӰӵԱߣΧм䣬
޳ɫһֱģĿеϣȫûǷ
̬ȣ˵Ĳ޳֮ǰһһλ߽ߵ飬ķз£һʱ˭ٶ
ʱȻȺ߳һλδ󺺣ֻǺܴشһ޳ʵ޳
޳Ҳؿûлش
δҲգʵϹ⽫˴͵ˣյٱ˵üٵϹݺ֣鷳һˡ


1198 谭
˻һʱ
ԭΧ޳ҪϹߣЫһɢһǺ޵ӡ
ǰɽƽؽеķ蹷ҧˣ˵֤ݣ
֤ݣδһЦ޳ԼӦ÷ǳϹ⵽׻ᴫ͵ʲôط
޳ͳһǬϵ˵࣬űδʵﻹһЩ²֪ԸԸһԣ
˵ŽǬ˹ȥ
ǡΧһƬһǬĿơ
㣡ǱδɫЩ΢Ծ̿ˮ漴ɫһ࣬õؽǲ֪ڸģȻҪóˣ
޳û©һŵĿвЦЩҲõȴҪװĹ
ʵʣο϶Һˣ
Ǳδʮػصյٱ˵ṩϹд֮ʧȥӰʬ
޳üʸ£Ϲй涨ǵô͵εأ֮˹ҲǾڸǻδȫң׵
δ󺺱ʵƿԣ֧֧غȵ㡭ǿʶ
޳ǰ߿һϢţʱһ˵ɽһ㣬ӲǱȵرδ󺺰˼֡ЦŽֱ˵ʱ򣬿ɷԼǲҲǿʶ
δҪشȴһ仰ϣֻһ䣬Ϲ٣
˵ţƶǬ󿪣һϹƮȻʱϹһصĹ䣬һ
ԱЩˣ޲ýĿճЩϹ֮ϡ鲻Խؽ˼ԱϢϹģ
⻰ɵڴǱδһ⣬ɫѿض޳ʵϹⱾ棬ҲֽţȻΪЩûг㣿
޳ֵôͣվϻ
һǶ⣡δǺ߷ߵʵ˵㵽ʲôƣЩ
ˣȥô䣬ҼϴѾشˡû⣬鷳ãǸʱ䡣ǰɽǰһÿǰȥ
ǣδòץ߳ŭвԪ׼ػʹ׽ϯִйɽǾ񣡡
ǰɽмߵһôһͷŲ˰ǰɽͷмƳһֱֱۣǰȥ
ֻû߼ͻȻӭײһ޴һ챻ţصһ·ɿŤתӲûˤ
С˿𣿡ͻȻһۺͻȻ羪ը죬˶Ĥʹһ˲һӰǰ

޳һһǳ֮Ǳõֵز
һλӻ׵ߣ࣬Ц޳ҲĮޱȣ޳
޳ͷǡ
׺ͷ°º룬ؽȻЩʱ˻ǲҪ˿ĺáϷԪ˾׽졣
˾ǸƹԪ˾Ǹ˾ϯ׼ңԱ˾
޳ȻԪ飺֪
ԪҰͣмؽǺŪЩǰô߰ġ
ǲ֪޳ĬȻ̧ͷ׽ʵǰҲΪϹ֮ǰ
׽ޱؽûҲģЩʧΪ˾󶨲ϢǱԩģϷҲỹס
˵ãƫģ޳λִϵ˼øУصͷˣǰܹ졣޳ΪԵɺ֮ѰôϹ⣬ԼãԲתЩҪ֮ˡ
ΪԼͣδɽ׺ݵʵɱԸô㣡
ԭ֪޳Ҳʡöˡ޳ֱ˳Ļȥ
ɽۣ·һֻӬһ㣬ò³ԭû뵽СӾȻ˲Ҫôˣ
ֲ÷֮ȷʵһЩţԸֱӽҪһ켶Աԯôһλ޳ôһ˵÷
ʱ׽췢ϷֻǽѯʣȻ޳ش˾Իȥɡ
ˣɽæ׾ˣû˵ϹǴӺδ
ɽ׽غȵ˾Ĺ㶼ˣʲôôʲôôӦ֮¾ȵΪֹ㲻Ϊǡ
ǡɽšüҪ̧ۿ׽Դˬɫæס죬תͷ߷ߵص޳һۣһ뿪ȺӢ
޳׽ķ˹֣Ҳȥ
ǰɽںֹ˾鴫ϴ󡭡˵ٺЦ£޳գգ۾һҶ֪ˡ˼
޳һۣתͷ
ǰɽûȤﵹǻޱȡǰһֱ޳Ϊλ˴󷽵ؽϹȫóȥס
ԼŨܵĺ룬զࣺҪ˵ڣ˭ܱȵù޳뵽Щǵջ񣬶Цˬʵˬ
С׵ۣһʹʮ컯Ⱦôˡ޳׵òˣûȥҪ
޳ֱʩչ¥˲Ÿһ̤붥ؽ磬͸оһůԼһ
޳һеһӦġ붼û룬ֱһƱ˳ȥ
ѽȻףһεʱ𣬶һƬһ㻯ơ
޳ɫһǰŮˡ
һʮŮݣһɫɴ£鶯գ۾ض޳üͷ΢΢ţ档
޳ôǸСŮ´һ޳ͷЩʧ˵
С޳ǳ˳˾һжȻ˵СƳۿǰɽǻѾ͵֡ɫ
ô𻰣ûòŮ죬һˬʵ
޳˿ƽϣ̧ȥⶥ¥һĿƽ̨һ͸ıϣܿƣҰǳ
ƽ̨м䣬һųȹĹţӦñǴˡʱǴǰۼŲˣŶһ⹰֮С
ι˺òû߹㣬㽲Ҫش𣿡Ů׷޳棬ੲݵʵ
޳ЩͷۣŮˡ桱ҲʵҪŮɢϢ˿Լ
С㡣ǰһλӼǹ϶ЦݣŮʺãСĽвƣȺӢСȥ켶Ա
ŮͣסŲ΢ؿȴָ޳ȥұȥ
⡭ɫһתͷһԵ޳֪λγƺ
ޡ
޳ӣ޳δ˵꣬ԶպȻһȣԡһ죬ͷķֱƣһӰֱֱس޳
޳ɫһݣȻ߶У̧ơ䡱˶һơ
ᣡᣡᣡ
ǿһ磬˶ſͣס˵ɫЩء
˲мشһ޳̧ƶҪ뿪ʹû


1199 ȺŹ
ڣ
޳ɫģչĻʱǰ֮ˣһλʮͷۼ͸һ˵ơ
ǳ㣡
һ䣬⻹ֻһ˵ǱҲ֮ϣ
ǰɽ޳ȥһƼڹ˸һǡĵϡؼ䡣תͷ΢΢׺ǼһȻɫƽҲ߿һȻǸվסͳһս֮ϡ
СӣʲôԸ罻ȻɢҲû˵ˡ߲ؽУ޳ٲȻѾһˡ
ϻô࣬Ҫսս޳һ̧ƣһˮȻֱֱ֣سҹȥ
ߣСơЦŵָʱһâˮâһ֣ɢ
֮𣿡޳Ц΢һˮͻȻʧһȡ֮͵˹ȥ
ſѪڣ͵һߡ޳˫һУǧɷˢһ³֣㳲۵һע뽣С
ʱڹܿԣɱյһ㣬¡¡س߻նȥ
ߣСӿƾǳҲϷԣһ͵رһɼֻ֮һɲǱ㽫
˵Ȼ޳ЦӻһӰΧˢˢתһȭеĹϣظֳһͬķ
žŰʮһ滯
ΧһƬΧȺ֮ȻҲ޳һμЩϾǳ綼㣡
ʱ޳һˢˢһ⡣ͬʱǰʮһ滯ҲͬĶৡвһһ֣Χסߡ
ʮһ滯ǧ⣡һسߵѹȥ
ԹѾ׾޳Ѿ˿ҡ⡪ʵǷ˼ȻҲǿĽ⣬
𣿡޳ؿߣһ߳壬öӡƾն֣ٴѹȥǧһӱ˼Ѫһ㣬һ»˸¡¡ɱⲻһߡ
ʱ뾵滯ΧߣɫҲЩòϣ޳ֶʵԵʵǰԲԼһ
ҲϺٲһɢһɹŨҵĺ޳Ľ⣬һƬƬȻ½Ϊ΢һЩģɱ
ԯҵı¡񣬾Ȼ⴫֮س֣Ҫ˵˿ô죡ǰ޳׷ʵλСߵŽţ߷ߵضŻߣĲͬ
СȵһСľժԴ𰡣һ֣ؿ
üһšתͷһȫս޳Ȩһ»Ǹ˵˰ȫش
һߣǰɽƲԣȥϴ㣡
޳˵򲻹ȺŹȺܣɲʲô岻壬ͷԴСͲܹԶ٣
ǰһѾõġĵϡʱӿı·һӱעһ㣬˶ЩٻһǰɽʽͷԵسȥ
ͬʱ޳ԪҲһ˳ȥ
ǣֲ˴γ֣ǿ֮ӣܹ
һ߰д߶һһߴȵǹĶɱڵӣھԲưոݣڣ
˵ţͻȻ֣һ޴ı׶ճͷǱ׶һֻ޴ĺŽǣ֮ţɢһһ
Žǣ
˿ǰ֮ʱͬһʱȥŽǣ
һ
һһת
ӵñӻ졣һǳ磬ܹ֧һеĿܡǳսѵĿܣǳսпһսĿܣ
СӣǸöҪ֮ʧΪһǿԪ˷ܵؽе
ͷǷ޳ֻŽ˵ܲǱ𣬵ɢȻǳǿŪþͻɡ
ǰɽʹһɫ˲ɫسȥ
߷˵ĶһЦһںŽϡֻһԭתĺŽͻȻתػһ⳯
޳ǰɽˡ޳һжһ³֣ǿصסŽǵײһߣǰɽҲ׳ɽʱ֮ŵ͹
ͬʱɽжǺŽһͬһѳȻǰһС
޺һжڼ뻺֮תĵϵ˥ϺŽǵļ٣ԿУγ֮ơ
жܻһƬƬ⣬ɽȫλŽһʱ֮䣬벽Ȼѹһͷ
ɫһ͵һȣ㽣Χһһ㳯źŽǷȥ
ۡһŽ֮Уһ˲ŽǹâһűڿȽȽ
ϷȥɣӺŽ֮𣬳ѹѹͷǡ
ˣǺŽ֮кȻһ¡¡ĺ·һ㣬¡¡¡ڰĹ
ǺŽ֮
ģֹ޳һٵתǰɽԼΰΧ߶ڤ鲨ֱֱسźŽǳ˹ȥ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽ󼱣ҪɽתͷһԵ׺ѾĻˣæ
׺üĿһ£۾޳ȴûж
ǰɽòȥһѾסúҡһҡߵҼϴɲôûģõǿİͬǼ̵֮ģ㻹
ǰ׺¹ŵصõڤģǵǺþáСһζûó㵽˴˿ҲһֱҴţʵˣ
׺ȴûĻһ㣬ֻض޳һ
ǽʱ޳ѾŽԱߣԺڤ鲨˫ƲϳӰһӣһδּһʵһ㡣
ģԭѩ׵ĺŽǽһɫƣǺŽ֮д죬ûɢͱڤ鲨ա
СӣҪˣֱ̣Ԫһ߿ٲһ۴ССʵ̫ˣҲ°ԼӳűȻʲô
޳ȴҧϵؽЩաΪȭһȭȭŽǡ
ˣˣˣȭͷڽ֮ϵںԵøӵ޳ϰʮһѨнתѾﵽ¡
һһ㣬ǿײŽǡһȭһȭһһ£ǺŽǱײֱ򣬶󲻶
Сӣû뵽С˷񣬿ĹǱڤ鲨գǱǰɽĵѹһ
÷ŭĿСǹݣ
˵ϺţҪԱ
޳ֵʱЩϲҪʩչȻһֻ޴İǵصطžشںŽ֮ϡ
һ죬ǺŽǻƬ漴ɢڿС
Ȼˣ޳ҲЩ㱡תͷƳֵķȴ׺ջƣһ⳯Ŵ͹ŷȥ
һҲǰɹȥǰɽӦعֽһҲ˹ȥ
عȺӢƼȫ˴֮Уŵû궼ûˣһһߺǧ򲻿ɰ


1200 
ǧ򲻿ɰǿƵһ羪һףըڰյС
ǻԱʱŭڶϣﻹӣһ˻ɢޱȾֵؿǹ֮
޳΢һüʶ쵽һĲǲϸ΢󽥽Ƶһ˿
ԱߣǰɽҲǻţ̿ˮ㶵ʵϴҡôое㲻Ծ
޳ͷüȷʵеá
ǰǰƼ˴ͻᷢȹ⣬ô
ǰɽδ꣬ΧͻȻһƬ⣬һ㣬ݱګګתͷֵؿ޳
޳üֲõĸо
ǲһȥҪˡ
ʲôһȥеǳȹ⣡ǰɽŭͳǬֱӽһʱһƬȹһ˳
ˡ͵ͣסŲؿǺĴš
ͬʱ޳˸оһҵ𶯴ӽŵ´粨һ㣬͵س͹Ŵȥ
Ǿҵ𶯣ͺʲôҪһ㡣
޳һݣû뵽Ȼﶼ塣붼û;֣ĽһƳֱֱسŴȥ
ͬʱ׺ҲһԵؾƣžһĵҪըĹϡ
Զƺһ䡰ˡͷȥ;һ߻ڿϷӵøһһѸ١
䣡
޴ıըӹŴǴһҫ۵Ļһ㣬شܵɸߡͬʱһǿϮܣ֮޲ҷ
ǡǱ˻ǴˣУǰɽɽ֮УƵʵ
޳Цš˰ɣ
Աߣ׺ɿءšһܽᡣ
ºˡ
ɢȻˣѾҲ̶áѱһһһ٣ʲôûʣ¡
ԶƵ˼ظϻһǹͺͺĴţһûιȥ
ûˣʲôûˣ˵ƸоԼѾˣű٣ʮԴ߻ƴԿٶҪʡ
ͨһصΨһͨôˣ
޳Ĭر˳Ĭһµı顣
ʱǲŬòָָǣŭǡǸõ⣡⣡
޳΢΢ɫʵǰ֪úõĴΪΡ
˵һ˿⡣úõĴţ߶û£ֵȴ⡣ҿǿҪǻһߣѱճɻˣ
㾹Ȼ⣿ͷҪðˣ⴫һֻһˣҲܴĳȹ⡣ǣѪ̫˰

޳ĿɿڴԭȴôҲ뵽ȻΪѪ̫
ʱԱһλ򶨵߸ǽ͵֮ԭһƬսռ϶Ǻȶ⴫άҲѣռǺϲУһΧͻǸղ
˼Զ޳ԼѪڱˣһϲ˵ǰɽֺóôһ˳ȹ⣬һӽˣ
޳һ˿𶯡ϹսȾţޱȵĶġҲΪЩŻô֮͡
ֻ侳ܵռ΢ֶһĸп
˵ǴôɣƷ߷ߵʵ
㻹ô죿һأǰɽŭغȵһͯʲôƨڳϡǲæҲˣȻֹֹҲˣȻؿҿеȻˣ˵㵽װʲôģ
ǰɽһ˵һǰߣˣѹòڵϡ
ƷӦֱͦˣ࣬ǡд۾˵ϹǵߵǷǡ
޺á޳Ȼʵ
סڣЩɵؿһ޳Ըղ޳չֵֶλ¡죬ûؽһ£
˶٣ּһ䣺ˣңҪóһǧ컯ȾΪ⳥
Ŷ޳Ŷһһʧԭءǰɽ˼״Ҳһ˳ȥ
ʲô˼㶵ض޳ʧķ򣬰ز
˵꣬һֱһԳĬȻֽе档⻹ǵһοű߳ˡ
߹ȥĲƵļ򣬵ظҪŶ
˵գһ⣬Ҳʧԭء
ƶʧķ
һߣ޳뿪ֱӳҴɽ֮СһɽУͿʼĴתʲô
ǰɽղԼǷ֣ǰǺ£һ仰ҽĬĬظ޳ƨɺͷ׺һ˼ģ֪ʲô
ڣ޳תɽ֮ҵһĵطָǰһᴩɽҶ˵Ҫȥչءһ£ҹٳ
˵գҲǷӦݵһҶ֮СǰɽĬĬؿһᣬһŲڣʼ
׺ߵһ£¡
ɽ棬޳˸ȽϿĵط¡תԪ
ܹڳǴ󣿡ĵһ顣ǰȺӢΪԪ˵ܰͻȻȥ
ԪԪ֮ϣԺؽǣԪү˭С˵ֱëëһ㣬ճС˼
˰ɣΪܰڳﾳܰڳĴ󣿡ϲؽ
֪ʲôԪүݺµʱﻹ֪ء߹ʲôԪؽ
ˣ˵¡Ҫ޳ʵ
Ԫһ£صؽҪ֡
Ҿ˵㲻Сһ㣬о޳ǴŭʶȤر͡޳ЩΪ
Ԫ飬˵ܲܽ޳ʵ
ǲǻЩ컯ȾԪ齲ģұɡֻҪʱ䣬֮Ԫүһһ޶Ĵ󣡡
ллԪ飡޳ЩؽǱ뾡뿪Ȼǻߵı׷ֽһս
ú޳㽫˵컯Ⱦռ𣬽Ԫ󷨷棬ԪмңȻƽʱ֣ؼʱȴϵطǳĬټԪصĿԪʵһССҲǷǳѡ
֮ԪƵؽһͼݸ޳üغû취డǰͼǷַӵ顣ʱҰ
޳һͼϡһչһߺЦؽˣ𺰿ˡһᾡҵ㹻ĲƷ㾡ָġ
ԪҰһͣЩ˼ʵҲֻ޲޳ΪģҲʵˡ
޳ͼǰɽ˿ʱ˵鶼΢ǰɽֱ޲ڣϴˣҵĸ
ವһؽүү̵ģ
ǰɽ˫۵ʱܵԱȥʵСã޶ʲôģҲȱһ޳谡
ȥѾģСүһǳʲô޶
һո˳裬ȥֵΣǰɽ
޳ʵȥˣֱӽйָͼʵ벻ٺ׬һʣ
ǰɽͬǳغ룡
޳ͼӸǣаЦǵãƷɱ֮µģա


1201 
Ҫ˵˭ݣ޳
Ҫ˵˭޳
Ҫ˵˭޳
ǰɽһɢϢһ໥ֹѾһ죬Ҫ֮ˣüƷɱıɡ
ʱͨʣһ죬˽Ҳûٽд͡ȺӢһµ޸̣ɼ
ЩԭߣһţҪ˵һɱǵҲԸ⻻Ͼһһ죬ջĿɲһɺġЩҲѾͣͲǰ꣬пܾͻƿ
ȺӢϢҲ̽β;ͼڲǰһΣ΢΢˶ƣ㽫Ǹһһ㶵ġ
Ƶۣŵضβϵͼһ˹ȥ
ǰɽһڶ³죬ָüɱֵǼһӶ
ȵʱЩ׼͵Ѿۼһյأ۰Ͱ͵ص޳
ϴ󣬿Կʼˡǰɽߵ޳ǰؽ
޳ͷóͼֳһסͼһƮһ㣬ڿжŲˣչ˵ģҲͼһͬƮ
޳бһ£ָâһͼֱֱȥֻһͼкв֮
ô£
˵Ҳ·˺һ㣬һ˫Բ޲ֱӳȥƸϸ
޳һһֻˡһͼȻһƬҫ۵İ׹⣬ʼ¡¡
·بŵʯűƿһһ˿˿ɣ֮͸ͼͻȻһչǰģһŻ
ǰɽ죬ЦǺǵض˵ҰǰǷĺŶӽ룬˭Ҫ˴ֱȡʸڿʼһţ
漴һӾһ˷ܵسٽֻŵطŲؽƵݸǰɽ
СȻò̫ÿȴܴ󷽣ǽһ벽ǰɽָָ󣬵ߵͼ棬վŲԡ
ллллСӸжµس˵лŵسͼȥ
һͼ棬һȹ⽫סǳȹȱȽϯϡԽԽŨȫڸסӡͼ㻺תԽתԽԽԽ죬ವһ£һգһѾԭء
ֳĬһϢ󱬷һҵ
ɹˣĳɹˣлȥһˣ˷ܵغ
޳ɫǹɲԽԽǿҡ룬ץʱ䣬һ顣
һһ飬˶֮ǰȺӢ̮¼£˵ֲ˵޳ֱͼһţһ컯Ⱦ߶ͼһ½˸ߡ
֮ٶȱ࣬һʱѻϡ޳ɨܣһЩǰۿֵģѾֻʣǰɽ׺ˡҲԪ֮
ϴһ߻һǰɽԾԾԵʵ
һɡֻһ컯Ⱦˡ޳εؽ
ǰɣǰɽֱ飬ҪһСûˣǵʱ˭ȥ
޳˵ͷߴٵ߰ɣҪ¡
⴫ô˶û£ôỵˣ»ˣǰɽ˵һ룬Ȼ̧ͷԶգ㶵ؽ
޳üͷһšԶĿһƬȴ˵ߣ
˭߲ԶȻһǳŵЦͬʱһ⳯ͼֱ
޳һ˲չһѽͼ뻳Сת̧һƾͳ˹ȥ
ģǳ㣡ǰɽһ£һٻĵϡһͷԴСǺ˼𣿡
ߣСɱڵ֮ʱ˼ǻߣǰ٣գջָһЩֱӳ˹
޳˵ڵĵһ˭ң޳к֣ڶҲ
ͼһǰɽŻֱӳ˹ȥ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽô󺰡
ȥס޳Ҫңٶȣ
ϴߣǰɽغǳ˻Ͼһ֡Ӯϵͼпܵģ
ûȥͱ׺ȥ
׺˵ɿǰɽôС
ɿģӿɲҲϴΪɿǰɽǷˣ׺Ҳ֪ʲôץžȻһ㷴ضûС
׳ա׺³֣ǰɽ˫۷ӣ΢΢üͷĽ͵ҡ
Ѱһյءѳͼϸ߶
ǵĽȣ޳ա
޳һǳ㾳Ķ֣ƾ˺ѡ
ض޳˵Ļ綾Ыһ㣺޳СӣסϷ֣ԯۡȥ˵ظҲ֪˭𡣽գұҪֻɱϵӣɱԯԯĳ
֮ʱ৵³һ˪ƥǱ˪캮һ㣬֮޲ɱ·һ㡣
޳һݣѾظסÿһ缡סԪѸÿһϸ֮С
һͬʱǱ˪ƥ֮˲ͽ
ԯ۲мЦʲô¾;ʹɣȻ˪壬ҲѾ㡣
СӣҪһеøϿ졣ȻǱŽǣǾýˡԪżѵ
֪޳򶨵ػصͬʱȻԪ֮УֻһԪһͻȻ֡
һ㣬Ԫ֮ϻۡǳͬһתԽԽ࣬ԽתԽ죬ƴ£Ȼһͼ
ͼγɵһɲǣԭ߹ǿյȻ䣬ǳʧǳ籩رɫ
һУ·ĩһ㡣
ô£ԯҲһľɫƵתͷܣݺݵض޳ݣҲҪȽ֮죡
˵ţȻһǿҵϢϢһ㣬ֱֱس޳
޳һ䣬˵㳢ݵζɣ
˵Ȼһȣ絯һ㣬һ³߿աһ˲֮֮ͣɫ·һ㡣
ͻȻۣȣ񷡪ҿ
¡
һԶĺضɽҡһ㣬ħԣ޴ڡ·ɽ֮䣬ֺǿ֮£Ժ֮С
¡¡
һðŽͼȻ޳ͷͼתÿһ±㷢һһɲã֮Ĵɢ
ͼԽתԽ죬¡ԽԽ죬ã֮嫺һ㣬ÿһء
ʲôԯһ죬㱻ʶ֮У֮ļʹͷ󺰣СͣϷ񷣡
˵ҲȻһȣһ纣ϢɲǼӿ·һǧ꺮̶֮籡
ߣ޳һߣһĨȻԾϡ³֣顪𣡡
衪
ؼȻһ·ԽʱնֻһɲǣǧɫԱɫһнήήҡ
衱죬һԶԶϵͼ֮Сһֻѣβ֪
ɣɣԴԴϵɣ


1202 ټ϶
޳ħԯʹ󺰣ǾӨİ׷ѾÿݻһƬǹ⻬Ҳɱ
ҪǼʱŽǻס壬һΪ⣡
һ̣ܵһͼӿȥԴԴϵ޳ڡ
޳ֻоһɾůڣůڵģҪǳĸоҪźҪոࡣ
ˣҪˣҪˣԪһ£
޳Ȼвðһ亹ԥֱסͼתŴǱ߶ȥ
ʱǰɽ׺Ѿ򿪡һ޳˿ǿû³ͼһŭβͣ
ϴСĺ棡ǰɽô󺰡
תͷ֪˭޳ӿ籩ʩչ
ӣԯѾսȻһ벽ǳСŪòΪʧܴ裡
һҧʮ֮ߵȫעŽ֮Сʱһ֮𣬡ء졣
Ž죬ǧķɴ;⡣
޳һһƴͼϣȵȥ
衪
ͼֱһֱֱسԯײȥһߣǰɽǡ衱У۵³һѪûȥ
׺ۼֿתû봫֮С
Ҳ޳ɿصһ컯ȾͶŵСԯۻźŽǣһɢԪһͷţһײ˹
꣡һѵͼϸϸӣ᧿Σ
޳һ룬㱻ɳȥҧǧɷȫȫעУȵһ
һɲǣСͻȻ֣һкԯ֮ϡͬʱһһ⣬ֱֱسԯ۳ȥ
Ⱥ飡ԯһ죬͵Ϯ˸š
޳ûһקסСǣһͷû봫֮УǶȥģǱɢĹۣһҲû֮С
ͬʱ޳ͻȻڣɵԣ֮޳նٱ
¡¡ǧؼԲȫ
ԯۿʧţһؾͽǰһƬɽΪ⡣˫ַһǱϣصһɢڿС
һԭһƬɾأʣ
ɵأԣԱĿ̣ղǴۻңûƼ֮˭Ϊʱһԯ۵Ĺ޳뿪ʱŭ𣬶ʱһж鵽ԯϡ
ԯǸޣֱһѪűŽǴʱ𣬷ɱǧЩΧ֮ͱ⡣ɻң
ڶ죬һϢֶߡԣɵ֮ΪݣԯõϢ֮ʱû
޳ǰɽ׺ˣ侪֮жţΪűײ٣˲ֱʱշ϶֮С
ʱ֮һͷһ㣬ǿҲ㱻顣޳һ㱻˦˹ȥ
֪ȥãоĵģһµζ޳֮ʱꤣθƱڿһ㡣
תͷһܶһƬƸ¹Ķ峿ǰ澰
ɽ׺޳ĴңûзǵӰƣѵڴ;з״
Ԫ飬ԭȵǽ켶ԱĴеģ޳̲סʵ
ϻԪүܳԪСԼ൱ߡȺֲǺ컯ȾԼͲ͵ˡҪһߣ˰ɣܱסѾҡ
ص㣡޳εؽ
Ԫ鲻ˬر죺Ҳǵģ˵㼸仹
Ԫ顪޳ϳٷϻֱӽԪϣƲ
ԪʱͬȻ֪ʲô߷ߵֽ˼䣬ŲŲæ˵صǣű٣;гƫǣطˡ
޳Ĵ˿Ƶʵⷽ᲻̫ף紫͵ˣ
ֱӴ͵źǰɣԪɰͰ͵Цɫһ⻹˵ǶȽأҪ͸ȥĿԲ󡣲ȻЩ͵͵Ž͹ȥ͵ˡ
˵ص㣡޳ٴεѵ
ûġԪ鲻ˬؽüĺˣƫҲԶӦþ켶ԱԶ
Զ޳ϣʵ
ȻԪĴ۾
ҲͼʮɡԪ鱣عƵ
ʮ޳ҧûס߷ߵתͷѾزΣ
СҲҪɥԪүٰһǡ
ô޳ʵ
Ԫ졣ȷʵϴѾĹ⡣룬Ȼ뵽һ飬˵ؽСӣ֮ǰ㿴
޳һ̽鿴ֻһ鿴ؽгЩôˣ
ʲôԪҲһСûЦղſ˲һ
޳ϸһȷʵˡ
⻹ˡԪüһԪ֮г˼ֻӲŸûһ㣬ͻȻǱһ㣬Ȼ¶һǳɫವһûԪ֮С
Ԫ飿޳ֵʵ
ûӦʱѾߵһյ֮ǰҰЩҲֱֱسǰȥ
Ũֲָĵزòȥ̽ܿǰ
ûһᣬǰȻԶԼһײԶƴһ㡣棬ǱԾȥ
˲ŷ֣ǰһԲ¥һĽɻɣɢһɹӵϢһɨȥʮ㡣ÿһ棬ŴеĹţеĶţƼķ羰
޳͵ͣмĳһ档һȴھȻһŮ̽ͷĽǶȿȥֻܿŮӵĲСɵͦıС죬ԶԶȥĪһϤ֮С
һǰҪһֻ̽ûŮƺһ㣬һӣءһ¹˴
޳һͷײȥ޹űͣڴ棬ڻصŸղſաһɲǵתԽԽϤϸһ룬־еİ
̧һӣӦ֪֮󣬲ûо쵽ΣգһС
ڷǳ򵥣ֻһΣȻŴûСüſȥֻǲһ̤㷢ǰɫȻһ䡣ԭɫ¥৵һ±һ԰
澹ȻһС磡
԰ʮɫٻޣʵ׷ɣһ㵭Ļ޳Դϴβ˽ĵĵһҧʮ¾ڶԻ㶼Щ
סϼѨ̧̤뻨֮СЩޱȽޣ¶顣Զˮˣˡ
޳鲻ԽسǱȥв֪ΪͻȻ͹صأҪһ㡣
߶ЩԭŵĻǶ䣬Ȼſһ䣬һƬƬȾˮīһ㡣ͬʱǹɻԽԽԽŨ˳
ͻȻһƬƮ޳סһһɫһһһһ䣬׷Ʈ
һ֮У޳̧ȥȻǻ֮һλŮӡСɵͦıС죬鶯
컨֮Уתͷֱֱ
޳ģһ˲˺ڣ鲻Խغ϶


1203 治ʶ
϶
޳㶹۾˲ϲسȥû뵽Ȼ
϶̧ͷؿȴûʲôʾ͸һĮԼһ˿ɱС
޳ͷһͣסŲЦʵ϶ҵڻδ㣿ҡʵһֱȥ㣬ֻ֮ǰұԼ
޳òϣʱܽšôǵһŮ˽šֻǣʱ϶ĸоƺЩͬ
ԣ̫Įˣǰε񣬴˿ҲҲжʱһѵһ㣬۶۵ۡȻǰǸ
϶ô˵޳΢΢ǰЩСʵ
϶ȴ۽һƳĮתǰȥ
޳һȥһקסĸ첲ʵôˣί˵ãΪҪˡ
֣û˵꣬ͱһĮޱȵϡ
˰죬ֱдһ󳶶ŷӦţղĮȻɰ϶ģ
ĳ£ŵ϶ˣ˺òãԺ뿪ɺã
϶һ飬תͷƳһۣޱʵ뿪ңǸ𣿡
޳һͣȥץֺȻЩҲЩɥûЩȻ϶Ǹ͹ʱһֱɹһֱȫŮһ쾹ȻĮض˵Ǹ
ЩȻʵȨܸıһ𣿲ŻصռҼ죬ͱˣ
϶Цò棿ÿʵò㣿
޳ȻԶԣֻǰŮİ
ⲻ϶
޳͵ҡͷ϶ͷ𶯣һаֱֱʶȥ
ʱһƬ硣ƺӶֻʣ϶Ļǰʹǰؼ䶼Ѿʧȥ˴ڵ塣
޳ţΪʲô
Ϊʲô
޳һһ⡣ôˣղ־ôϣ
üͷ΢΢һ˿ɻ̧ͷ϶ȥжһ˿̽Ѱͬʱģһ˿ɫĻ֮
ʱ϶ȻȵһŮ˶ˣŸʲôˣ
޳һһ䣬Ȼʵ֪ʲô
϶ɻؿֻ޳һɫ壬ž޴Ϣ۾һ̧ͷ޳ʵǴӺζ
޳˫һУǰһƾٵǰʵҵģôˣ˵ţ͵̧һֻ֣һƳȥ
㣡϶ˣܹ޳һơŭʵǺ⣿û뵽ҶһƬģ㾹ȻҪɱң
޳Цؿ֪𣿡
˻һͼ϶ɫһۿһ죬ίؿ޳˶ңҡ֪Ϊ㶼ʲô
޳ޱػصȷʵΪҪ壬ҪϷ㸶ȷʵ١
㣡϶ŭĿԲȻЦý࣬ʵηֵģ
޳ؿȴٴ𻰡
϶ǰһ̧ͷٴ˵ΪҰݵú񣬿㾹Ȼôʶˡ
һ㶼ֻһƵ׶ѡûһġ޳
˵Ǻʧඣ϶˵˵ţͻȻһ޳мؽĳ˸ղŲҲŲɣ֪Ǵʲôʱʼҵģ
޳Ц϶֮ĸ飬ΪҪ˵Ȼ֪֮Σֻһ˵ղɫ壬ԭҵġ
϶һ㶣ȻЦҵʲôСܻ֮治ٰ
˵ţȻɫһ壬ߺ޵ض޳֪˭
޳³֣þ
϶һضȻЩͣȻôͲ͸ˡûھҵĻþ֮Сұף
˵ͬʱϢȻ˾춯صı仯ԭЩµϢһҷЩԭڵصһȻƮӿȥ
̼䣬Ũһ׷ɣһһꡣŨĻ·һεţëһ㣬̵ꡣ
һ̧ƾ͸һһһȼȼ
϶ɫһݣߺ޵س޳ȵĺݵСӣҵҪжٻգ
˵ţϢٴηı䣬ͬʱòҲ˷츲صı仯˵϶£ǰָŮȻ
Ҷüԣһ΢۲ת䣬̬һ̲סҪ档޳Уȴޱȵķŭ
һҷ޳ȻףѾױ䣺һҷڣǲã
˵ţϢϤһۻѹȥʱ㸲ʵʧǰޱ
£һСѾͷѡ˽ţѵáû뵽Ǹְ֮ǰɱҷڵ֮ʱӦ뵽ǻ㱨𣡡Ӱ˵źݻȴŽЦһ˵һ޳
޳ֱ̧һǡˮ˹ȥˮͷͦأŷŭı䳯Ӱѹȥ
ߣҺ˵ȴ˲֪ôҲ㲻ˡӰһᣬҲһǿϢֻ৵һ£ϺһɷҷԴԴϵðӿ
֮һƬˮûͬһһģһ
޳Цԭ֮ʱѽĻþ
֪ʲôӰЦһұ㷢ӰСŮóþǸͻƵĻߣ
𣿡޳ʵת壬˸һ֮ƴ
Ӱһ佲ǰ˵ȻЩ͡
Ҳֻǳһս޳ȴԽսдֱӼ޳ȥ
ҷýһΪ𣡡Ӱ
ת벽ⶫ޳ϵжҪ߼ࡣⶫ͸һޱаϢֻһ۱һֻ㱵ĸо
һŬԼǻþһ÷ܹƭþ֮С
΢΢ϸӦǰ龰ֻǲһۣ㿴ǰӰֻó϶ģ
ɫһݣɱʱȵ˵׼ȻҪ
ҪҲÿû£ӰЦȻһ䣬һ˸˸ģ
үү޳һΣ͵ԼǻþһжǼٵģ
ӰȴȻϰݣһó£һֻóĸģóĳ˷۵ģò
ЩԼޱҪˡ˻ǵˣǰĶŬסԼ㳲ݺݵضǰӰʵܺ𣿡
ӰԼģЦܿ룬ǰһŰֽȻȤؽ
𣿡޳ȻЦ˵Ȼˣұú棡
˵ţͻȻĨζڣֱֱسʶȥħص
ȴȻЦţһ㶼ӡ
Ҫ𣿻þħ޳Ц㳹һ


1204 ת
ħ󶯣ʶ飬ɱĺʱ
Ӱ޳𵴣߶ֱֱس޳ѹ
þһܹûκģʽֱӹ˵꣡
ìƣӰһȣһì⣬ֱֱس޳ʶȥ
ʱһǿѹ޳ʶ֮б
Ǳܵģ޳תȻסìۣ֮ϳײ
˻һ£ìͻȻâһ
ӰӾһ⣬һȣӰ٣
Ļ䣬һ޴ķӰһŴһס޳Ƿܣаɫ𣬶һ޳롣
޳ǷˣȻֱֱܲһðͷһ㡣
ʱ޳ڷŷ츲صı仯Щպ󣬾ļѹһֻų⣬һֱʶ֮зȥ
ʶ󺣣籩ĺ棬ӿ缱˸ߣʱᱻ߸
Ҫռʶܵطһʱ֮߾Ȼ£չս
ӰͻȻ¶һЦȫ֮ע뵽Сʱâ޳ڵʱŨ
䣡䣡䣡ײԽԽͣԽԽ졣޳ʶһƬ磬ĵʹͷ亹ð
ۣҧȻӲţ
Сӣʹ־ǿΣ츳ģŬܸıʲôӰЦ
޳ǺȻһĨЦ⡣츳裿ɸı䣿
ƫа
ʱʶ֮еײԽԽ졣һһ겨ڲ
һһʶе˳ٲһ㣬޳ֻоԼһҳ۶ѡδǽ磬δͷ
ã飬޴룬޾
ֹ
ʶ֮ͻȻһ׵ĹĻ̵ͷͥѨҪһ㡣͵һһɿĸо漴ȫ
ֹʶޱߣֹж󣬿ռж
ǰȻչһ޽ĵͼ󺣲ãɽޱ޼ʣ⣬еĵͼ죡

޳͵ۣ·ˮһ㣬¡¡سʶӿȥ
һתתתתתɣתгɣת۷壡
ȻһԾת۷壡
⻹޳пãһƬʶ֮кӿЩ·ܵвҪܣȴסȥ·缢ʵһ㣬Ǿ
ҪʲôӰ󾪡оԼ˷ӣ˷ķӣδţ
޳ȴܲˣ̰Եĺһ㣬ɣ׳
ת۷壡塪תȻһͻת
ӣӰ󺧣һ㣬ֱֱһ޳
ߣ
޳һߣ͵£纣һӿʶɲǼ쳣ÿһ˿
Ļչʶ֮Уһжļӳ£÷ǳһ㣡貹âǱɴɳһ㣬˲޹⡣
Уһжٳ
벽޳һЦ͵ۣһͨڹıһ³ǰ
ǧɷ𣡡һ³תȻˢˢˢעǧɷС
أǧɷɱ纣޳˫͵סֱֱسӰȥһ
ӳĽһ㣬֮ƳӰѸͻ
ӰԨ屻һöáлޱȣҪȴֻؿǹ⽣Լ
ˣؼʱ̣৵һµǰһꡱǼޱȵİ벽Ȼһ˿ƣ
Ӱ޳Ǿ֡ˣʲôˣһӣ
޳˰ݡȵҼ˿Цˣ
˵ţ͵ԾڿУעǧɷ֮УΪֱֱسӰȥһɲǣһһ㣬ֱֱһѷ졣
ӰһҽУһƬһ㱻ɳȥͬһʱ̣ɢþʧΧԶԭɽò
޳ĮӰȥǧɷҷڲɱң޳Բɱ޹һУǾȡ
㲻ҪɱҡӰڵؾֵغͬʱȼһĨߺޡ츳Ƿҷһ֮֮ϵ֮Ůû뵽Ȼһ˰ܵ˳ף

޳ޱؿҪɱҵʱǻ𣿿ң޳ˣ
˵Ž֮͵һ𣬶ʱһڹֱֱسӰȥһɲǣȻһĻžһµסڹ⣬֮һ׵ĴԶ𣺡飡
޳һһλӣ¡ҷڵİˣ
һ˲˾žӰǰޱȵؿ޳޹飬ӰҷǧЩе֮
ʦ֣Ӱһˣӵ
޳ͣؿǣûн
޹ӣҷȻ㲻϶ôҲһɡҪϾɱͱʦ׷ɱˡӲźۼв
޳νʵ˵ľûʲô˵ġ
ȻǾȥɡӽ
ʦ֣ܾ뿪Ҫұ𣡡Ӱߵؽ
޳˫΢Уп˼ȷʵ٣ҷڳ׷ǾͻֱӶһǿĶ֡
һƽ֮ת׼뿪
Ҫʩչ磬ͻȻϮһŷľ硣
ʦãӾȡ
޳һ䣬ʮĵ㳲һ½ΧסѸڿգǧɷƴ
޳ңӵŭ
䣬ͼΧмӰʦ֣㻹ʲôһϣɱ
޳ȻҾͳȫ㣡
޳ҷΪУ
Ц޳ؽҪһܷΪУǾսװɣ
˵˫ؾǧɷѸײڶ֮ƳӰݺ䣺һ𣡡
جһסӰֻüһҽУͱǧɷУۡһ»һѪ
޳С㳥ѣǧȻɱˣȥҲһ˫ɺ죬͵ػһ⣬޳
޳һһҲ⣬ǧɷ֮Уֱֱӭȥ
أ
޴ײܷɳʯըһӰ飬˲仯ޡ䶨һӰ۵һ½棬Գ޳Ӱ
ֻһУͽͬǰ벽Ķޣ
СӣڳˡԪԪ֮УͻȻðôһ䣬ͷ֪ʲôȥˡ
޳ҡҡͷת۲һܡִʱһƬɽ֮УΧдеľϸ£ûǰɽ׺ӰӣҲ֪˱ʱշ϶ȥˡ
ĿԶȻԶг֣ʩչ糯Ǳ߶ȥ
֮죬һϢֶߣɱ˿ħ޳ɱ޹ڡҷȫ١ɱ֮УڵؼԱӣڵϵԯҷǧӰϯǧۡ
޳ʱѾɹһɱ˿ħ


1205 ս
޳켶ԱѾգһֱڿջǱת׹֮ʱѾһ񹲷ߵɱ˿ħ
СӣɳˡԪſԪϣֻؽ
޳ЦɹҲֲôʲô
Ҳ֪Ԫһۣʵ뵽Ϣδģҷ֮ʱܿˣ
ҲƣƼ˳ȥˡ
пܾڻҷ֮ˣͬؽ
ĿǰšٶȣȻڱɿ˵滹صͽֻҪܹṩϢһö컯쾧
컯쾧֮ǰ컯Ⱦһ̺Ũ컯ֻ֮쾧̺ĸŨˡ
СƺҲûôֵǮһ컯֮ѡԪҡͷ
ǣṩϢһ컯쾧һ˿ƤëһǧţɱֱһһȷʵôֵǮ
ԲۣСӡԪʱͨȻ֪ʲôһֱӽˡ
ʱסջ¥£һ޳һֿջſھۼһȺˡмģǱմʲôطѳһ㡣
˵ĿģǵǴŵأ
ǻдҿǧȷǾ޴ǶƼˣٲˣһڣ˺۵˵ϸۣȴܷȻǱȴǳá
ʱԱһλͬǱ˷ܵؽǸСְֺޣҵҶҪȴһ٣
˵ţ͵סԱһ˵֣ޱȵؽǿ֪Ǹ˵ϹǴ͵δģ
ͱˣ˵
¹ŵأӿڵģǴ̫̬ˡ֪žȻһԨ£
Ԩ£˾ǿʲô̬ƺջС
˿˵ľؽ
ЦǡԨȻգҲһ컯Эоճˡ
ΪֻģָָϲƵӣƵʵ
ߣˣһλһԭһж˳Ƕǹŵ֮еõһЩСû룬ǹŵﾹȻһᶯáҲˣȻһߵ˷֢ã
ӿڵûǳ㾳磬һǾͽץʹŰǸ̬˵һˣȻһʱүүģҲû
޳Цúпܱǽû뵽ȻɥĲֵزˡӣΪȷʵˡ
ʱȻغԭϹע⣡ҲģҪǶ治̫ˣ
޳ǵطǲҲˣôǰԨ¼һЩǹȥȷʵֶͷһԭ˳ˮ飬һ컯
棬˻¿ˮ֪˷˼ʲôǾþȻԼӣǸķ
ӣ˾ȣǰ˵ΪⶴĲ˽ڿпܡ򣬿ɶ츳ôġǺ
̾Ȼ˲ǡŮʵ̫ǿˣ󲻵òصԨ£ٽϹ⴫˳Ůʵ̫̬ˣǷ˺ôӳ
Сӣĺ£ԪЦºˣǽˣҿ·еĺˡ
޳ơؿսǣһǳȻѲ£ȴɵƬһǳڶ࣬ɷ׳ʡҲ֪һִڡ
Ⱥ˿޳Ҳ̫һҲջͻƵɷŽ۷˰ɣ
ǵǡǶҲûʲôޡСӶȻҲ֪ǵʲô˿͹۵ؽ
һҲŴǧһʱ֮䣬޳ɱ˿ħǡΪ֡ĺ˵Ҳֵ÷зһʱ˵硣һ
⼸գһϢҲ䶯һʱǱǵڵؼԱĹԣɵ֮Ĵԡԯһ֮£ЩΧ۵ȫɱȻߡʱ䣬ϢɱħϢͥ񣬶ѹ˹Ϣ
Сӣû뵽ҲСˡԪЦЦؽ
ֻһѣϷںͷ޳ؽڵѲܽ⿪ȻǲʣͲ塣Щ죬ҲûʲôֻѧǵʹǸһЩˡ
һ£Ӧÿסˡ
Ԥϵĺ׼ڶ죬ԼȥȫһСƷĲ¥̸
켶ԱİȫؼԱһͨûջ¥һӦȫԼ޳ǼҲ¥ֵشر
޳ʱ򣬲ΪζԷҪѡ
޳ȥ˹ĵģôҲһɱ˿ħŮӼ޳ӣʱϧС߶
˽˰࣬û𣿡ԱߣһǺ
޳ٲǰߣûȺе۶ѡͳϣȻñ۵ɶûСֻҪԭ⡣
ƷһҸĲ¥װεغǹ£ǴĵطǸī׼лʫ֮ء
޳ִƳ˼ۣ档ֻĽŲ̧һӰݵصǰʳָָһӸµʵ֪ʲô˲ſԽ𣿡
޳̧ͣ۾ûн
Ҳ𻰣ֱӽطֻڽŵϺŵˣſԽ롣𣿡
޳Ȼһ㿪ڵ˼ûС񣬲ԣһ˿ⶼޡ
̬ȣö²̨˱˱ɫȻҽŵӡձԼˡ
޳δ䣬ȻȻط·ûʲôܴһ㣬ؿ
ԭΪ޳ԼţȻŭȻԼ֡û뵽Ȼ˳ס
ü룬ԹȥԴҶáųһ㷢սɸҽӣ
޳˰ڵǴĺ⡣ڿڣǳһҹһսǵ
㣡ҭּһͻȻҷλ㷽ԡȻѰҰ֣ʤ
˶٣޳ؽҲ֣Լ⡣Щ飬Լһǲеģû˲ȵķݣб£Ҳǹ°
⻰ʱȻҲ˲ȴȫҽϾڵǰɥҪɵأҲǿⲻ˵ġ
Լ˵ĿĴﵽƳһˡתͷ޳Цʵôû˵ĻѡһǷԣȻԶ˳ڶһ˱
ҪԪôɥĲˣȻʹʽ
޳ϱûжı仯Ȼ¶һЦݣˣڵ˳ұӦս
۾ȻһɣĵؿĵǲСҳ˵ɡ
Ļ䣬ԶպȻһŭ𣺡˭˵޳ˣ
ţһӰ৵سǰͳȥ


1206 Եһ
ǺˣһҪԼŭغ
үүֿſ͵ȭͷһصҵϡ
ֻһѪֱűӣһɷ߽٣˵ΪȻҪ࣡
һȭ꣬ɱ޳ǰЦؽϴ˵ҪôѵҪôֱӽһ¥Ҳˣ
ǰɽ
޳׺ӣе㲻ֱһĨԵĹʡлϲѣʵȥ˺δ׺أ
ǰɽӽ£һصؽҵմӴ˹ȥԼһɽϴҸ˵ɽ޿治һĿֲܴ򣬲Ȼͳˡ
Žž⣬Ƴۿ޳һصı飬˶ٽϴԲûҵ׺
ǲһ𣿡޳ʵ
ǰɽҡҡͷ
޳ǰļ򣬽Ϊɲ⣬Ƕû£ӦҲ¡ˡ
ǰɽ̧ͷƺ˵ʲôҡҡͷ̾ҲӦò¡
Ǹӣղž֣ʱԶŭ
޳תͷһİֵˡ޳ǰһǵǵսҽܡʱڱ䳡
˵꣬ҲʲôӦֱʩչ˲ʧԭءǰɽ״ȥһĪ˻û·ˡ
޳ֱӻ˿ջһ䣬ǰɽֱӸ޳һ컯쾧ϴģһģ
޳컯Ⱦָ׺һֱġɽԣõĶҲһֳ֡
ֻ׺Ƿݣ֪ʲôʱܸǰɽЩźؽһӵݸ޳ϴ׺ģŰɡ
ԼǸã޳Ϸʵؽ
ǰɽЩŤؽǸһԼһʱûסǸ
޳ʧЦӹתϣ˵ˣҲȥɡ콫һ̣ҪЩ׼
֪ⲻˣֻǽǰɽҲǣ˽жٻЩѰ
ǿ˼ǰɽֵؽϴ֮Щ׾ͲҪ˵ˡ£ҲӲܡͬģҳ£Ҳûҡԡ
ۿȻЩصģǴſʵϴһ죬㶼ҪҺ𣿡
޳һôоǰɽ˴λͻȻýˡЦŵͷ˼룬ȥɡ
ǰɽؿһָۣԼǸӣת˳ȥ
ߺ޳⼸췢ʱ򣬶㿪ʼȡ컯쾧
컯쾧һС̺ȴҪӾǰ컯Ⱦܱȵġ޳ȡһţעһ˿ʼ
һ˿Ѫ컯֮֮޳ȥ
޳ĿӣֻһůڣȫѪҺźҪһ㡣뼡⵱Уһ
ʱѾǳǿ컯֮룬øӼÿһ˿ڱһ㡣
ȵ֮ѾҲղ컯֮֮ʱʼڤ鲨һһ˵첻˵Ĺ̡ȵһнѾǵڶϡ
ǰɽţϸһƺ˿ؽûٴͻƣȻԿ
޳̧ȥ
ô飬ǱһˣǲҲᴫȾģǰɽֹŸȥ
޳ڽıԣһ㶼ӣǰɽյس극˹سԶȥ
ǰɽ˷ܵظƵģµϴ˵ҪҪ˳ٸƶһԣ˵ʵͰ
һﻹ浱Լǿˣ޳˵
ֻǣǰɽ֪νı䳡ȻһƬ֮ʱããһƬɳĮڣéݽûУҪ˵Ҫȥƶû˸
ʱǸ̲Ѿۼˡ٣Ůһ϶˷֮顣޳˵ȫóһ
޳ǰɽسűȦĳȥ̬ȣڵĵӲǰߵȥ
޳ߵԷΧ֮ڣһʮӳָ˺ȵǺôļӣٲ˵һʱ䡣Ҫ˾ֱ˵Ҫ˷ǵʱ䣡
ǰɽŭʣڹʱԼûʱҪӭǣҲñֵ԰ɣ
˵꣬һЦֻǰڵƣǲΣֻ˼Цֹ
޳ϱһֱģһ˿Խӣǰȥǰɽ󣬺һӣҲȥ
ʱҲۼ˺һЩˡ٣¹ڻ϶޵ɢһϢ
޳ϸϸһɨЩ˵Уɷ磬Ҳǳ硣ΪߵһǳĲ㾳硣
޳ɫشһǳĲǿߡֶԷһ߰ʮߣӻףòǰԯЩơ
ʱҲÿӴƿֻ˲֪ڸղһɲǣһεѹ֮֮˲ײ޳ֻоͷһҪǿʱȻѾˣ
ϸ룬һģĴ߳˺˫ѵ䳡ڿʼڳĵһλ֣죬ɷŽپ硣
ͦżģǰɽֹһֱӳ˳ȥһϣ
ҲãҽȽ㣡콫ǰɽ´һаЦŽ
ҲãҽȽ㣬ȻȺӣǰɽָһ䣬չһ¾ʧԭء
һ˲ӰͻȻԣϢؾƳһǰɽʽͷȥ
ҲǳصģأֱӰȭͷϣǰɽİɽʽ˹ȥ
أһҵײôضΪ֮ǰɽֱһ飬ȥ
ͷţһ㣬ٳȥǻӳһȭͷȭӰڿоȻȻһСɽһ㳯ǰɽȥ
ǰɽһȭӰָһǰɽʽûһ˿ͣ٣赲ɽʽʱȻһתֱֱشײ˹ȥ
ߣ¶һЦŽƳױв֪ʱһСɵ籦Ǳһ֣һѹ
벽ڵ̹Ȼ㣬һ벽ǰɽȴܣһײȥ
ǺǣҿôݺݵغԼ屻ǰɽסԱȥ˫ֿʼ߶籦
ֻһɲǣǱһɫ⣬֣ΧԼһɺ
ǺԽԽŨԽԽ񣬷·콵ѩһ㣬˷ʹվסԳرԵܸܳ
Ǳ˪ȺϳеԯһһϰĶǼĹ
޳˫һУض졣ԯͷѾסˣҲͻԵһǳĶ֣ͷۡ
ʱȺкȻһһͻȻǰսˣ֪ʱȻ˪ޡ
ֻһһ޺ȻԱһȴǻһƬ
ǻᶯıֱֱشڵ޳ǰŵؽеˣϴҿ


1207 ڶ
ʦʲôһ߹սԼʦ־ȻƬʡ
ǰɽһۣãȻؽһûʲôأǵаһֱӳƬò˻˰ҪǼӵڳˣӶҲˡ
⻰һʱ˻뵽֮ǰǸԵĴԡٴμ֤ȷ̲סЦȻԼˣǻ֮
һЩ˱ЦЦֲЦòܡ
޳Ƴ˵֮һۣһŨüۣʮͷСӡȥ˹һˣ˵ȴˬ
ϴ𰡣Ҫˣǰɽ޳ԼĴ
޳ûǰɽȻɣЩشһֱֱ֮ȥڡ
ǰɽʱоһůů˪રવڻһ̱ˮˡ
˶ˣȴǺ޵û֤˵ʲôϾղֻǰɽֻǸ׳һ㱧ѣûʲô죬ѾҪñ֮
ʱټöԸսս˺һǰɽʤһҪע㵽Ϊֹٳ
޳ǰǵãˣ
٣Ͷķŭŵòûſڵϡ
ʼɡһλʮͻȻ޳ߣָָ룬˵
ǳ㣡̫˰ɣԱֹ
ǰɽζؿӣ¶һ˿Ц
޳ֵҲֻܵʾһĶһǧ䣬һΣһ̱ѳڳ롣
ҲУ˵ҡ
ˡû˵꣬ͱ޳شϡ
ͫһ˵Į̬оԼһ֪Сһ㣬϶޹޳кһֱӹ
СӾ͵ϮΣЦԯǰûСܹ̬ȣ
𣿡޳һЦͻȻӻһ⣬ֱӹ
ߣԯһ̧һУһ޴سǰ
޳ȭͷһȭ˹ȥ
ֻ͡һͻȻһ󶴣˲ѳƬʧ˿С
ԯһ£ȻЦã˼СȻǿϷǳ֮벽ǳҲһܹһٻ顣ϧţˣϷȫʬҲȥס
޳Ѿվ壬ǰЦЦؿʵǷǰͣʼˣ
ԯһ㶣ȻŭȻˣʬΰɣ
˵ţȻϢһ㣬˵ֱǡͬʱһɷǳӴı˪ֻ֮һ˲䣬ͽⷽԲʮ֮ڶһѩ硣
̵ģһ湻ĵġû¾ϲҲðЩ˱ŪЩܲˣһߴ߶ů壬һ
ǰɽʱЩȴûһ㣬ƺǰǸµҪѹûֹһ㡣
ʱҲһƬȻԯϵĺ֮ѾһƬؽΧϣ·ҲһĲǿѹ
޳Ȼ縲һ㡣ɾҪ֮ʱǰȻһɿֲıѩֱֱسϮ
˫͵һţ³һŰɫ档Ѹٽӡһһڳǰɫںϣ৵γһŻֱֱص޳ǰ
Ǳѩһײڻ֮ϡһɲǣʱ١޳ɫһݣתֱֱ֮С
ʱ类˼Ѫһ㣬شڵһ˶ߣȼܴ뱩ѩײ
˻˻˻ѩϱڻҲϱڣһз·һսһ㡣޳Ҫӳ֣ԯ۲֪ʲôʱȥҲܲɡ
˽ƴ֮ʱԯ͵һ١徹ȻǰθһЩ޳߳˰ӡ˫ǰһ棬һʱһԲǰ
ǶȻһֻ󣡰ɣűĺ⣬ûһ˿¶ȡ
󣡡ǰɽϴСġⶫǱŽһڵģ
ֹ𣿡ԯ۲ЦСǾҪΪԼ渶ۣ
˵ţ͵سһֻ󺮹һһɰ֮Ȼ
ء
죬ãһת۳ɿա
޳ֻоԼͷһ𣬶һƬհףʲôҪĶһ㡣ͻȻһƬѩ׵ı˪
ʴǵСһ㣬ֱֱꡣһ䵽µʹʹ
Ҳʹ޳Ȼâһ΢ۿǰͷ
ʱѾԯͷϵشڴصسܡ֮һǱһƬ֮ء
СӣȥɣԯЦһȻ˫͵һ漴ֱֱس޳ײ
޳δӦһڡ
ϴ󣡡һԹۿǰɽż٣ҪȴһסǰļλڵӣȫǱŭ
ʱ޳ȴ·׹һ㡣һѪһѪ
Сӣ㿪󣡡Ԫżغ
޳ȴҧѵؽôõһλᣬܷ
Ļ䣬ԭҪߵѪȻ䱩ЩѪȻʼת
СˣԪ鼱òѪҪģ㲻ҪߣҲ尡
޳ȴܲˣǵûֹͣѪظӿ
Ѫôסֻо·šëһƴšɣ۵غ޲ֱӽ˺ѣ
ٿԯоһ˿һɰȻʱ޳ڵ󺮹Ǻ·һѰѼĵһ㣬ֱӽ޳ظһֻɸƵġ
޳һ䣬صһը壬һѪ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽĶҪȭͷҺ
ҵСжͣû뵽ҲǸϺԯЦֻûü̫ãԭƮɢѪȻԼٶȻ£һ𣬶˶ûӦ֮ʱ৵ƴճһΡ
漴ٿȻʵ±Ѫ塣ⲻ޳˭
壬һθɹԯĵתѪһΣЩ̺ڵ컯֮Ҳ֮ת
ѪЩԭܼ컯֮Ȼʼļ֮ڣһ֮á
ֻоԼһӱÿտ컯֮ϲ䡣Ҳ֮ȵؿ컯֮ת󲻶ʵ
ͬʱ֮ڼѪϱֲϱ컯֮䡣˷ļ岻ϵõһһ㣬ԽԽԡ
ĲǿһɰкԯʶԾʱҪջ
ֻҪ뿪޳ڣȴһȻҧסʼ𶯣һɹĿ硣


1208 
СˣԯٿؿüͻȻһ̫ĹһעС
ɲǼ䣬һˡ죬ݵһȥ
ܣ޳͵ۣȵ
ۿŰӶˣȻֱ˻ȥ͵һһӴѪ籡
ʱ޳ѪӿһɹѸ͵ĺһ㣬ɿҧһעС
Ա˾ܣô׵飡Цž˫ۣȭͷһաʱһɾ컯֮ѸٰΧסֻһɲǣҫۣ𶯣Ҫܳȥ
԰ɣʹسԣ޳סȥ·յĲʱͻȻһһ˵֮С
СˣԪŵòǵԪڻûָʵŪҲǰɣ
޳ȴĻһ㣬εعסȫλܶûа취͵һҡΣԭѪȻת򣬲ؿʼȫת
Ԫ棬ۣ˻ȥ޳һçײ֮ˣʱλô죿ֻϣСӲҪ̫񣬴ŪǵըѿɾͲˣ
ʱ޳壬·һɺԵصõˮĹȣһӻԾ˹ˡ缢ƿʵɺԵõѪظգһɰȻع顣
õѹե壬Ѿﵽǰǿ˴λع飬ױȵǿڣ·һݷڸգһصһų
Ѫӿʵϵƽڽ
ɷŽгɣɷŽ۷壡ɷƣᣬѪһͷ񱩵һ㣬ϵϵسҪȥǲ谭
ƣƣǰɽۣŵˣﲻϵ޳ź
СΣԯ޳ȻҪƽףмغȵעҪֺα˷ʱ䣬֪С쿪
˵ţ͵رһ͵Ľ⣬翪ɽĸͷһ㣬׺س޳ȥ
޳ɫһݣͻȻһӰ৵һʧԭءǽصһ£ײĲӰ֮ϣһ£ɢڿС
ԯ״ǰһ߿һ߷
޳о𶯣ͻȻһ䣬мغȵҿ쿪㣡
˵ţȻѪһգϤӿȥ
㲻ҪҾԸЩѪȫӿȥµһ϶ûС
ֻѪһ󣬺Ƽֵһ㣬žžžҴԭѪҲһżȻ޳һѪһŷ˳
޳ɢ󲻶ѹأٶ嵱С
ⲻܣԯܵʱ۾ζš˫ֲǰӡҪٻ
ٻǸʧȥϵһ㣬һ㷴ӦûС
д󺧣ŭ֮޳ĵԺȥһҧ͵³һѪƹâһһӡ৵סǿѪ
ѪӡᵱУٳ޳ȥ۵һ³С
ѪΪءһֱѪܽ˵ıԴϵһ𣬽иõĿơԯѪ룬ʹٻ
׳գ޳ˣɿؼһſ͵ѪתעУӿ֮ע롣
ʱһƬ͸Ĺڵӿһɹһ㣬˷е֡ĵ֮УһƬ׵罻ӵĺ棬ķˣһɹɾ֮ڱϲļ塣
ԯɫȻһףѸҪնϵ޳ȻԴ˹ȥ
ȴֵطһǿǰһʱ֮侹Ȼ޷նϣ
޳Ǳ۾һӡǳԴȻζȻ̲Ҫ࣡
ӿΧס󣬶Դֻоһɾ޴
ѸһԱʶƽڽϳǾļ룬ƴ߻һ㣬ϼӳֲͻƣϷɴܡ
յСӣԯּŭɫѾҰһƬȥҪˡ
һҧƴն¡ܱһû˺ã
žһѪնϡ޳ͻȻһ޲һȻƬ
Ȼˣ˵Сӣŵ㰡Ԫ۴Уٴκѡôһְֺ̬ޣ
޳ü΢΢һ͵һ½ЩƬסƴǧɣ̺ŷǳɲ˷ѣ
һƾϱʶӿȥֻоһƬԽԽ࣬Ҫըĸо
˫ۺȻ͵رȣƣ
ᣡᣡᣡ
һһ㣬ХŲһһɽһ㡣·һƬǿ֮Уͷǳ̤ء죬أУ
ǳԭ㣡
ƣ͵һȣѪͷһһ㣬ɶ೤
벽ǳϴͻˣǰɽش޲óȥ޳ҵӵ
ȻսнˣΧ۵ȺһƬ
֪Ѿǵһˣ
ʵ̫̬ˣҪÿսƽףԺ˭ⲻƵؽ
ʱǸµԯѾͷҪðˡٲ˵Լ㱻ɱԴ˵Ȼͻˣ⴫ȥû
һس޳˹ȥСӣȥ
޳ϸܰ벽ǳƳһƼһӰ˹붼û̧ƻ˹ȥ
Ӱ͵ػûһһײǵӰ
ۣԯֱӱײڵϣ³һѪвţζû뵽ȻһУͱ޳ˣ
޳ҲܾȡղһƵԼЩ𺳡벽ǳȻɷ粻ܱ⣬һƣɷ硣ǳ磬ƣһˡ
ʱԯԴ𣬹ֱӵ˰벽ǳ硣ղһƣ޳ҪһЩʱѾһ̲Ѫˣ
ʤѾ޳ߵԯǰʵǲ
ߣаϷ򲻷ԯӵ߷ߵؽ
޳ؽˣұΪֹɡ
˵ͬʱ͵һ˳ȥʱδվȵԯײһࡣ
޳ʲôڵĵλ볡ڣһӰǸ졣
ǰɽֱһһǰȵûҪף
㣡ڵҪû
޳Ƴһۣǰߵԯǰʵ
ߣб㽫Ϸôǰ䣬ԯˣ
޳޻ֱһšֻһΣ̺һصؽԯߵ˰С
޳㲻Ҫ̫ˣڵӴ󺰵
Ҫɱʱ̫޳һȭͷһ㣬ͷ
˻ûӦ֮ʱ͵ر𣬳µԯȥ
ԯߵͷתһɷֳŵð붼ûͺҷң


1209 ɱ
ڵӣû˶˵顣
һ󱲱ԣϲ˵Ϊ𣬵ģڰŵ˿ӣ˵ֱܴ裡
գԯص֮󣬿ԼʪյĿɣһ˹ȥ
ʤ޳Ӯ֣ʤѷ֣Զֹ
ǰɽֵضڵһһ˸ָ޳һص˿ջ
ǴģǶѼˡϴ˵ܣĺ𣿡ǰɽ޳ڣЦŽ
޳Щذһۣؽ͵һЩĺ𣿡
ϴ㾹ȻѧῪЦˣǰɽŵؽе
޳ƣУһЦῪľͷ
ı飬ǰɽһ㳡ӣЦһᡣ
޳ʵܲˣεؽˣ˵ġһ֮顣һֱûʹ㣬Ǳʲô̬ȣ
ǰɽҲɫʵؽ˵ʵǺһ񵥣ϣܹԪ򡣲Ҳ֪ܹ֮Ѿˡ
޳Ȼ˼ؽȻˣһ𣿲˵һҪԪġ
Ҫĸ׵ĳ϶Σ飬òǿ󡣶ǸصԪһ
ǰɽؽϴһġ
˶٣ַɿؼһ䣺һʱ뿪ˣҲһġԣϴһҪң
޳һܸоǰɽ⼸˵ĻЩ֣üʵǲң
ǰɽҡͷ㣿˵ֺȻпɬһ֪ʲô
޳ɫع۲һ£ûм׷ʡֻضɽҲԵ㼸ң޳ġ̬߱ȣֵһӵġֻҪ㲻޳Ḻ㣡
ϴ󣡡ǰɽۿЩ촽ȴ֪˵𡣵ֻݺݵص˵ͷһоڲС
΢Ĭһ£޳ٴνģȲˡ֮ȵ㡣
Ȼǰɽ˵ռһҲաǶģ˶ǴȥһҲٲۡ
޳ͷǶģȹʱٿ
ϴѵҪǶǰɽĻٸоȡ
޳ҡͷЦöȻҪֻǲʲôõġסˣʱмɲɳ嶯վڱ˱С
ǰɽɵؿ޳һۣܸо޳⻰е˼ֵãôҪƹĴ
֮һᣬȥռ쾧˺⡣켶ԱؼԱһҪ˺ܹд͡
һʱǰɽһ޳ߣؿܣСʵϴûиоڸǣ
޳תͷһܡʱһɽ֮УԱ߶ïܵľԶɽЩ롣
𣿡ǰɽ˵ֲĵʵ
޳һ۾һ󣬵ؽС֮ˡ
аǰɽ˷⼸С֮ĸ֮УҾȻڲž
䣬Զʹһƿ졣ৣʮӰˢˢǰ
λҪȥ°ɡΪһλʮĺ¾װǰһмؿǽ
ǰɽһۣЦôĿСүϲӵġ
˵ţһþ͵سһɽɽʽȻֱֱײˡ
أȭͷһȭͽɽӰ˷顣ǰһ̤ʱֵضɽҡĸо
ǿ޳һ̧ͷλӻ͹ȥǳǿ׳üĿ֮¶һߡһϮҹ£ͷһɫȥЩࡣ
ɱߣ
ǰɽһۣӶԷпϢԵһɱߣѹǿ˿
ɱԪ½ϵһڡǸΪףֶͨ졣ǵְҵɱ׬ȡǮơǮɱˣԵɣԪ½һַǳа֯
ԣ˹ӶǱɱˣݡһˣеڶڶˣе˽ֱĿɱ
ɱѲˣŮ˻Ѳ
޳ͷҲԷ൱ӣȻҲỨǮԸҪ֪һɱߣѲС˵Ҫһϵĵ
޳̧ͷΪ׵ӣʵĸ֯ģ
ɱ֮Ҳ֯ıǡɱ롰ɱš߷ͥʵǿ
佲ûʸ֪ôģѾǵϣǱ֮ˣ֪Σ
ߣƾǼɱǣǰɽмʵ
Ǽ¶һЦݣ͵̧һС
ʱΧʱһƿ죬ˢˢˢ˺һͣ
һ˲޳ǰɽܣΧˡأգȫˡ
⿴ȥǧ˰ɣǰɽԼӣګګؽǻǿǡ˵붯ôˣûǮ
ͻȻҪǸͷǼһ϶ƴֵŭԹˣȻôɱ߾ͳôˣ
ӵ˳飬ȵʱ䡣ɣ
Ļ䣬ɱÿжٻһǺ˹
ĻƵģʲôɫĶСǵأˢˢسҹ
޳ǵһһԼô෨Ȼ߶ͬʱٱѸΧһΧǽסǡ
ǰɽֱٻɽ޳ԼС
ϴôô죿
޳üУҾٴο󡣵ʱмҪߣҪ˵ˡ
ţ֪ǰɽصصͷ
޳˵Ȼоһʶ֮СƵʵСǣ
ǱСǲ֪˵ʲô޳һ䣬˳
СǴ޳гһܺѹѹģ붼û룬ֱһβ;ͳȥ
ˣǳ৵һ½ɽ˳ȥзȥ
˸ȥǰɽƵغһɽٻ˻ǵȻĿǰֻǰ벽ǻġֻҪʵõĵϡҲõ
Сǣ˵а취޳ſʼչ֫һʵ
Сصͷֻ۾ģ޳Сǿԡ˾һ߿űá
޳һСǾȻֱӹͨˣ𾪵ͬʱҲЩĽʺֲеٶȿ죡
֪ʱ뷨Ὣһ顣Ȼ߿޲ңԼ̬˺
СֱڵУ֦ҲһŤһŤģǳĻ
ǰɽ̲סЦϴֲǲǺˣȻܵȥ衣ˣҲ̫ˡôˣ
û˵꣬͸оһߣ˫һžһ¹ڵء
УС֨֨Цһֻؿǰɽ
޳ƣѯһ£ƳȺɱѾС˹ȥȵССģ
֪֨֨СȴǷǳػһֱֱسɱײ˹ȥҪײһʱȻ֦һĹƵģ
ֻһɲǣȺɱ߾Ȼһͷͨͨҳһӡ


1210 յϢ
ô£
޳ǰɽۣؿǰ龰ֻǧɱߣȫͨͨһܲƵأ˿
һġһǧһһ١
С֨֨һƺЩؿӿݵӡתͷһ޳ͻȻβͣЩɨ˹ȥ
β;һɨһ㣬ЩӿɨʱʱȥһЩĶһһĲҽС
ǰɽһ룬ĬĬƳͷ콲ϴĳȻζꡣǧ˿ӣǡ
˵ȥתͷƴŻ
޳ҲĬĬƿۣе㲻ֱӡ治֪СôֶΡЩСӾСǵɨھѾһͨһƬĴӡЩɱߣѾһѪģеѾĳ⽴ʵЩҲ̶á
СһУһ·ɵ޳ߣԴﹰ˹һֺõģ
޳εͷЦСǸɵĲԺԻ˲ô¡ֱŪá
Сصͷʾˡβܵһϴȥˡ
޳ȴһʣߵʵղ֮ǰѪ¼ܣ
Сã̧ͷЩס
޳ҲЩơСϴζѪкһʱ䣬ʱһļûУôʱͻȻðˣ
ʱǰɽҲеؿСʵСǣղʲôУ⴫Ҹ㵱ͽ
Сǿɻǵøղһ˵Լѿһβͳ˹ȥ
ɶǰɽŵֱȥЦǳ㣬ɷ˽۷屻ϲǷַ
û˺󼸲ͻȻ˫һᣬͨһڵءͲƫеؿĵϣһ͵ࡣ
֨֨֨СЦû֦Ҳ޳ԱߣСؿղƺ׽Ū˵ѣҲ֪˻᲻
޳ЦͷʵղõһжԸЩɱߣ
Сˣصͷ
޳ȻֻԪ飺֪ʲôܣ
˺ð죬ŴԪԴŵ̾ϢģԪҲҪڴˡүүģСʲôôöȫˣ̵ġ
ص㣡޳εؽ
ȿȣԪǳصؿƵؽղţŭ
ŭ޳Ȼƺͷ
Ԫͷûŭֲһ츳ܣǹܹܵģԲһָͷϹʱڣܹ츳ܵģҲֻôһѣ
޳𺳲ѡ⻹ĲС¶أȻȾЦʵ⼼кر֮
㲻ǶˣԪ鷭˸ۣˬؽŭһþܹݵؿ˵壬ͬ޵У
ͬ޵У޳̲סҪʵһϢæʵǻأһ˵вУ
ԪСӾȻҲôＱʱ򣿡
о޳ͻȻѹϢæбŭйˡ֮ԻᱻŭΪ̬ĳ̶ȴﵽ񶼷ŭĳ̶ȡеܹﵽʲôǿĵزÿֲܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
ˣֲûأ޳ƵʵշСȫˣʱ֮塣
ԪȻһؽǹƽġֲûǱ㲻ŭԹļܡ
޳ٴȻƺ¼ܵĺøҲûôǿˡ룬ʵԼϵܻʧ
Ԫ۽ϻְ׳ôƷֲնˣš˵͵ס˿ڣһƬʹǺȻһ㡣
Ԫôˣ
Ԫ˺һŵ͵͵ؽְ׳գҲеġûôҲ㲻ӡ
˭޳ͷһŵʵ
ԪȴǺȻһתŭǲҲ뽫ŵҸ˵ֻҪԪүһ죬ұ㲻ôߣ
˵÷ǳᶨᶨ޳ЩҪϸϸһ£첲ȻһҡΡ
ϴôˣ
ǰɽŵ޳ղŻںúõ˵ôͻȻûӦˣ
޳񣬳ҡҡͷû¡߰ɡ˵ţСһУһ⣬৵û֮С
ǰɽɵؿһۣʵû£
޳Цʲô飿ղֻ˰ˡ
ʲôôԣɩ˰ɣǰɽɵЦ
޳ƳһۣһؽֻЩҸղ룬ҪôرЩ˵ǵˡ
˵ҵղȺ˵еļˣƺڰȫǰɽü룬ȻһԴеˣǰǼˣҷڵļһ֮ǰм
ڣҷڣ޳ЦͣסŲǰɽһһӦúܷʡ
ǰɽ۾һЦϴʲôԸСһͿأѣ
޳йս߽Ȳˣȥ
죬켶ԱͻȻһϢûţͷһ㣬רŹȡҷڵͷңֻҪԸǵģһҴһƷɱĴģֱɱ⣡
Ϣһʱӿ켶Աһ籩һ㣬ʱҷˣΣһıԼ
պһҿջڣǰɽ޳ڣƵʵϴҪʲôʱ򰡣
޳Ϣ̧ͷһ۵ˣ
Ҫùˡǰɽɹˣ죬Ѿˡԭȥһû޳Ȼɷ
޳Ӵߵӱߵ˱裬һڵȻˣǾһɡ
ȥģǰɽһ㣬һ´ܵʵ
޳һЦʵҷ̿ڣϢû
ˣǰɽͷȻؽϴ㲻ǴǸɣ
޳Цֱֱسȥǰɽ˷ܵظϣԽҪڴѡ
һ¥¥ǵԼս޳Ʒ¥ڵһ̿ڡһЩɵӶ
޳ֱգŲ¥һȥɫԾ˦βವһײ˹ȥ
ֻһӴ¥ܽǣͱһͻȻֵĹĻƬ
طͬнƣ
޳˫һУһȻžһƣѸ͵ȥһּܽѷ졣
޳žžơ
ꡱ¥Ҳ֧Ųסһ޳˿̧¡ֻһ죬ǲ¥ƬƮɳȥ
׷ｵƬУһȺ͵Ⱥ
˴ؿһĻ˷ӦеǸ꣬ȻƷ¥ˣ
ǰɽȵǲҪ𣬻Ҫȫ޹صģȫߣǿɲ⣡
ÿĿ浱ˣһڵߵسָ޳
޳ֱӽһԱ˦ȥصһ˵˹ȥ棬ǰһŭڵӣޱؽǳϣɱߵǮƶţ޳Լȡ
˻һʱһƬȻ
ɱߣɱ߶ǼùģȻ


1211 һ
޳ĻʱȻ󲨡ɱаͱݡȻ˰ɱ֯ȴһֱˮݡ
ֱݵĻʱƵ˵ڡ
˵ʲôڵŭͳ޳˺
үүккǣǰɽ˷ܵظ˼Ѫһ㣬ǰһһ䣬һɽӰͻȻǰ
ɽʽһȣɽӰֱֱسΪ׵λڵֱѹȥһͽҳ⽴
̫ڵӾֵؽе
޳ǰһɱ˲䱬ЩСֱŵ̱ڵءֱֱضмһλӻ׵ߡ
Ҳһ˲˲ض޳ޱ飬էһȻ²͸롣
޳˸һɷǳΣյĸоΪȻף
ǰɽҲλߣȻһվ޳ߣ
ʱƿǰĵӣߵǰЦЦؿ޳СȷʵЩĳЩطϷҲò
޳Ҳһ࣬ص޳εºܣֻȥѡ
ȥǺǣɱôˣֻΪ˻ȥǽˣɱˣˣ˵󣬽˲١һӣ˶˸
ǰɽüǰҪȴ޳һס
޳Լͱ˵񣬼ᶨؽڹȻίԯʹۺ˫ףҼûҽٰûɱ߰ɱû˶飬ĳ֪α𡣡
㣡߱һ˵һһ󣬰űһ䣺㡭Ѫˣɵܸԩ޳ɣ㾹ȻҲɱ
ҿˡͷ׿ڳҼϴ˵֮¡ǰɽʱغ
ǣ߱µ࣬ߵؽеǱϷûƾûݾ˵ΪԼɱоҽڣ
ûƾûݣ޳Цڶҵļ磬˶֪ǵΪģ޳ûҪǣ
ǰһѾȵ޳ָģһͨԸϷߣҼ̡ߣһɱ⣡
һ仰ħͷһƬ𶯣мڵܲ𺳣ҲҪڵӣҪɱңԣɱ˲ۣҲҪڵӣ
⻰һֳʱһƬ˽ЩͲˣҲվ޳һߡ
޳ƻģ˫ĿѾһƬйâ˸һ˲ͻᷢԭ޳ʣ۷ڣû뵽Ȼ͸ת˷
ֱһǿ˵ҪѱĵӣޱȵؽЩԲĵӣڲмҪ
Ӷɱҿɶˣǰɽ󺰴ֵò
Ǳ߹ƻģڲС֮ڮ١Ϸվѵѵ㣡
˵ţϵϢȻǳкɲǼͽΧýһЩ˸Ʒ˵ϡ
ϴСġǰɽС˵
޳ɿص˸ɫȥƻ¡
ǰɽͷݵһʧԭءʱߵĹҲ˸ǰ
޳ֻоһǿҵľ񲨶ֻһɲǾͽܵĿסˡ
һλޣ
޳һʩչеֻֿϷӲӽ⣬һһ㡣һ˲һȣ৵һƿߵ
һ𣬶ЦϷС㣬վ֪˵ĵ
˵ţϺȻһɺһ㳯޳ѹ
޳ͫһٺˡ
ߵѾʵʣת۷壡Ÿתܱ⣬ʱ͸оһͷʹѣб֮Σ
СӣϣͻȻһͨѪļƷһɫâǽâһֻӥһ㣬Хų޳쮶ȥ
޳ֻоһǳֲѹʩչһ¾ʧԭء
һ˲ǽâ৵һµĲӰһɷĩһĿһҲʩչ׷ȥ
ϣǰɽһȺڵ֮УĬĬ޳ܹɹաղλһλǿޣҲǳǿǳתޣʵ൱Σա
ҧסҪȥͷ֮ǰ޳õģڵӣԸ췴ģšԸģֱһƷϵǵΪǲٳȥˡ
ȻõɱҩʲôģǱ
æշڵӵʱ޳Ǳȴ֡ǧѾǳ˵ãǾȻҲ˦λߡ
ת۷ޣԿռ֮Ѿǳֱڴռһ㣬ٶȴﵽ˼¡޳ٶٿ죬š
Ҫ𣿡޳һƳۿһ¥ģĽһ䣬ֱֱسȥ
Сӣ߼״붼û׷ȥ
¥ж죬濴һԷȾƵĵطȴǳϽǬ޳ֱӱ嵽¥Ǭ
Ѹٷֳܲ鿴һ¡кЩߣߵΪǳ㾳磬͵ҲɷŽٵʵ
¶һЦݣƳۿڵƥ׷˽˷Ȼ˻ȥ
ͷбɱң˵ͬʱ͵سŵ¸ȥ
߼ƣͷҪгһӣһɫâ˳ȥ
أ̺תȫһʱ¥˴Ƭ
ô£¥Ĳñֵسǰĵȫ˳ȥһ߷ߵؿա
ʱ޳һм䣬մ󺰵ͷطˣ
㣡ȫޣųֱ৾ӽµķȫƬȺҲնɱ˺üˡ
һȺﻹ޳Ӱӡ÷һ·кâͣһһ㣬ڵؽȺӸնɱ˸ɾ
䣡ͻȻһͻȻһŭŭһ˲һüһͷɱ
ҷ£Ƕ𣿡
ҷڣһ㶣ͻȻһ׹⣬ɫڵøƵģҧгݵغ޳СҸƲ
ҷҲƲҵǰüֱӼһǳǳ㣬սһ
֣ᣬᰡ߼æͣԯɷѣӦΪС
ߣڼȻ֪ѣȻҪɱɵӡǰʲôġ
Զ޳ЦؿǵĽţͺһת㳯ſջȥصջãǰɽҲ˻û£Ŵ˿
ˣ޳ʵ
šΪ˲壬ͻԹҲûٹ򣬾һȺҪǡһȽ鷳ʱҲչȺ˰
޳һ£ʵкʵѡ
ǰɽҡͷ޳趼ûСˣҵһˣҲõšתͷ޳ʵ㻹ǵڱʱ˵ǸӲ
޳룬صӡ󡣡գ࿴ۣһλѪԵĺӡ
ǰɽЦǾͺáҷǼһﲻ֪ʲôԭ򣬾ڰаǡ
޳ȻĬһ£İǾѡɡ


1212 
ǰɽĶǳ죬ûһʱͽ˸Ѱ˹
޳ϸؿǰλ㣬ǳֿӣѺõؽҽ޳ʱȣ̨ǰ¡
ѽ׻Ͳ˵ˡѾ˵Ҿ£㿿ףУӺˬؽ˶٣Щ˼ؽǸҽоɫľɽĺ
֡޳ȭǷϻҲིˡǿУЩշĵӻܹԴ
û⣬һаϡһĨ˷ܣ޳һǳ˳ΪǸ
˵ȻŤ֧֧ʵǸ㡭Сҿ֣Ҳ
޳˷ܵ⣬ͻȻе㲻֪ηӦλ֣˵ĸоô˹졣
޳˵ûһϢ̧ͷ˳ʵҽ°ˣ
ǰɽֱһĵͷϣЦɵСӣϴѾôҪ񽻸ˣȻԼˡ㻹īʲô
ŶЦøɵƵģȫû˳˵ľ
޳ͷ͹ͻȻѡǴǶԡֱϣϸоһѪԣǳ壬Ѫֵþη
һ£֣صؽĳţ֮ҲǱ̧ٶѡиϵ֮˿¶ᡭ
ˣЩҪ˵ˡɿشüëһˬؽҾϲġСһҪա¾ͽҡգ
˵꣬޳ͬ⣬ɿջһ¾ûӰ
޳Цؿ뿪ıӰֻҡͷ
ǰɽԼıӣƵؽСǣôо˵İ
ȿȡ޳ܲ˵ؿǵʲôˣˣǻƻŮ
ǰɽ״ֺõشչϴ˵㲻ҵġ
ˣˡڴеǻôӱת޵׷ɱɡҷ϶侲ͻǡⰲȫôһ㣬ҳǳ顣ֻȥˡ
ô룬Ȼһ漴̤Ӳˣ
ô죡ǰɽһ޳Ϣ¶ŵע档
޳ɫҲһֱһץסǰɽԶȥȵ
һֱķȥ
һӲˣԯɷһħһ㣬ϻŲʣŭض޳޲ֱܽҧ飡
һߣһӰɿسǰɽķ˹ȥ޳һȥȴһɫâסȥ·
ֻԯɷݵؽҷڵλϻúдĺֵܡϷúô㣬֪ϷŪҵ³
ǰ˺þãӲҷǸϼһһƣƽϢɵս𡣶Ȼǵ޳ϡ
޳żȴһʱѲֻǰɽϣ㹻죬ܹ׷ɱתͷԯɷɫؽϴѨȫתŽȻһ৵سԯɷ
ߣԯɷмߣע֮У˲ǺâһХӭ˽⡣
ˣ
һ޴ĺ̻һ㱬ҹСѸ͵˻һչԲһﶼҷ
޳ɫһݣԶսȥȻһ˼̫޹
ӣԯɷϣһ㣬ת˲ţһǱһԶһ䳡
ܿɳʯһƬã޳ڰУ䶢Ŷİ׷ߡ
ԯɷĿؿԷ书ȥϷԿʱһ
𣿡޳ʣͻȻעɷ֮УһȻһХֱֱسԯɷȥ
ߣԯɷҲͬעУ׼޳һӳʱâһСɽһ㣬سȥ
أ
âײɢһɾ޴籩ֻһһֱһĴӣʯ¶
޳һһɫâһХſ쭹ȥ
ԯɷᣬӶն䣬ʵʵһһ㣬۵һ׷Ϻɫâ̼䣬âǣһֻſ޿ڵޣһ޳Ľâ
źߣ
޳ͷһ۵³һѪǺɫһһâܵײʱҲܵ˲С˺
ת۷Ȼǿͨǳʤİգһϱ߳һֲô
û취ԯɷһѾ˹ǰͻȻһƬâ֮һȻ졣ֻһ˲͸оϴһƬ֮УѪҪĸо
д󺧣æסеֻֿת۷ǰͬһͯһ㡣ȻͬתһСĲȴ֮һĵĸоһȴ޴÷
Сȥԯɷ޺޵غâһֱֱس޳
޳ؿǺâԼ䣬ȴĶĸо纣һ㳯ϯż
ϵһ㰵һ类ĥҲһʧ
ɣԯɷ̧һ
޴һײ޳һֳ׷顣ۿŹҪ£һɲǣֻǰȻһ
˵һʹغҪ
üֹâ˲ֱֱͣسźâײȥ
޳˫Ŀɺ죬ʹش󺰣Сǣ
֨ͻȻֵСǷһĺУ漴βһ飬Ǻâ˹ȥ
󣡡ԯɷһĨ񶾣㳲ȫע֮Сʱâһ޿ƥ֮ƳСǿȥ
Сǣ
֨֨СǷһҽУ֨һͶֱ޳βͣѾɰأŨ̵֭Һ
Сǣ޳дһס˿ڣҪ
ûжС֨֨ҽУȥ
޳۽СѾˣǿȥҪˡ
СȴܲˣȻþವһ¾ͷ˳ȥԯɷȥ
У޳ŵɱȥСǼ״һԱߣŤ֫
ŭ޳ȻⱿڻŰһݺݵضԯɷȵղһ޳סˣ
˵ţһ𣬱Ȼһ£һһֻԶžͻȻ֮¡ǾֱۣһѽԲС
ͬʱ޳˫Ҳſ߾ͷ֮䣬̵ط賤һŽɫĹţӰһ㡣
ԯɷɫһ񣿲ܣϲѪŪ٣ȥ
˵ţٶȼ޳
Сǣ޳һȣ˳׼
֨СһŤɣڿն𣬾֦͵سԯɷһӡ
ɲǼ䣬һǿҵĿΧԯһһɾ֡
һ̣޳αǣһһһ³еĻƽ֮С˫͵һƣ̺žĹֱֱسԯɷ˹ȥ


1213 Ա
룡ԯɷ͵ػӳһĺâһײϻƽš
䣡
¡¡
һ·ٵһľȻ졣ֹͷʹѡСֱһҽУμС
޳ɿ̧һУ˵֮СΪҲҵײһᣬûһͷȥ
ԯɷҲòȥǹѪؽҵС㡣˿ҾĲˣ
˵ţϢͻȻ仯ԭϢͻȻںڡƤƹһ㣬ͻͻչȻڵƬð
СӣҪģԪصѵ
޳ȻڹȻ򵥣ϴԯѾʩչһΣһ˵Ŷħйأ
Ϣһӱñ䣬ϴһ꣬ʲô
һߣԯɷѾȫƬǣֻ۾ͭһ͹ɣѪںСܹʶϷʩչȾҲ׻һ
޳Ц˲𣿡
˵꣬һԭؾͳһ޴ĿܡһΧһɱ֮
һܣϷͺˣԯɷһḬ֮̃ɫȭҲͬʩչһɱ֮ײϾ𱬷ơ
ɱǰһ̤³һ֡
ԣɱ޳ͻȻһԾһ¾ڡԯɷͻӳһȭ
һ޴ȭâһ㣬תųǰȥ
ãԯɷȻ㣬˫͵ش򿪣ȭâԼڡ
ϾȻһ鶼ûУǳͷ޳Ц򣬾ܴٶҲ
ʲô޳󺧡Ȼ˵ĹƷ
ҵںֶΡǷްԪ鲻ŵغϹŶֻмֻѣȻҵ˾ˣԣһ⣬ǲҵ
ԪѾ׿ˡ
ޣ޳еһ뵽ľǵ¹ŵķơ
ûǷʼⷴ޵ĶžСɲٹȻǸǾͶ档Ԫŵغ
֪
޳Ѹٵ˼ⷴľ˱̬еĹȫá
Ȳ˼ңֻ֮Ҳ˦ģĿǰǿ̶ȣ»ƴֻޡ
ӵв壬ھԵʵǰпܱԷɱֱӻɢ
ȥ벻ӦԵֶΡʱԯɷҲѾʼ·һѣƬһƬһƬð
СӲҪԥˣȵԪүȫʢʱڶֻܸƽ֣Ԫ麰
ƽ֣޳һҧԪˣҾֻܿˡң
ԪƺЩԥҲҧҲֻôˣҲ˭Ĺ˭СǧģһһﹷǽǾͳԲ˶ˡһвԣû
ã޳ֱӴ߶һע뵤֮С
ʱԪϱһƬҫ۵ĹâԪɿشһӡֱֱԪ֮Сһ̣ԪһӵͼƮչת
ͼתӿһһ㡣в׳󣬶ۡһ°ס޳塣
ʱͺһֻ޴У޾ϵسӿ롣ͼԽתԽ죬һ³߸ߵͷ
ԯɷһ䣬ŭغԪ󣡰ǸϲȻšɱҪɱ
ŭ˻һֻһ㡣ʱԯɷѱռݣһɳµķŭԽֱֱس
Ԫ
񷣡
Ԫ޳ͬʱȵ
¡¡һԶ޴ĺ𣬷·ԶŵĺŽһ㣬ͷʹ̼͡䣬Χһɾ޴ķ籩ɳʯ쳣
ɱ޿Ƶԯɷһ㣬ֱֱس֮Уȭͷֱֱ޳
޳һߣֱֱزͼУȵ
衪
ʱ󷢳һ޴ޱߣħԣѡ
ܣѾˡħսˣٳ֣һĨʹ;ŵغ
弤һһҵֱֱײͼ
裡
ˣ
һһײУϳ޳ͼģӺҪ˺һ㡣ҧ͵һϤ
𣡡һȣͼתһ̣ɽ飬رɫĩ١
𣡡ޱһŭѱƬȫǡ͵س޳һ˦ΪŭغҲһٿң
ۣ޳ţѪȪһ˳
ȥһչѾõ׻żغ
ʵšȥҲСӷġԪֱһƸԴϺȵ
׻ʺۣ˵ֲ˵ֻ¶ġһҪøǿÿζ޳һǱ׺ݵĵˣһҪǿ
棬Ѿ׿ԯɷƬܲڹ⡣Ƶһһس޳壬Ҫ飬Ҫݻͼ
޳ѪֱθѾ顣ҧһ˿Ϥע뵽ͼ֮УغȵȻˣǾһɣ
𣬿ĺͼͻȻâһ漴ֱֱѹ
룡һȭͼָһӴͼͱͼס󺧣Сң
޳ŲЩһԾɵͼ֮ϣһ̤ϣգ
ͼתһƬ޴ֻоһᣬԴȻɿƵȥ
ŭغƥͻһУҲ
˵ţ߶ԯɷڵת۷ע뵽ȭͷ֮Уҳһȫò
޳ѾѪע۵һڣ඼˳Ŵ߶ͼѹ
ʱͼٵسŷ£ͬʱ޾ӿԪԪ֮УɿЩȫͼ֮С
ͼõӳ֣תظѸ
޸оԽԽԪţߵغûõ࣬ôҲҵ
˵ţȻһ⣬һһѸ
޳еһӦǡԪѻ죡
޾ȻԱżغԯɷһԱͳˣֵ𣿡
𣡡ͻȻʹסͷ¶һ˿ãֲʵı顣
޳ٽԯɷֹͣҿԷȥ
ҲҪ޺ȻԯɷȻʱԯɷڸƿȨ
޳ЧҪڣȴ޺ȻЦؽ޳СҼסˡ׷Ļˣգ⸱һȥɣ
ֹˣԪ鼱޲ֱӳ
㶼ȥɣƥƿңȥȥ޷ش͵ԽԽ
һ̵شЦһ¶ʹı顣ԯɷڸ壬Զޣʹʱֻ꾧״̬Ҳױȡ
ֻ͵ԽԽƬһƬƬ
޳д󺧣߶ͼסȥ
ߣҿߣһɣ˭߲ˣ޹ЦͻȻһ
޳ֻоһɾ޴˺Ȼֻʣ֡ˣ


1214 ʮ
ǵصҹȣա
ʹѾΨһܡ޳ѪģѪס۾ȥһжźɫͷĿѣֱֱصȥ
޳һ˳æס޳Ϸȥ
û¡޳ģؿǰ
ֻǰԶͼתѾһһεתһӵƻ¡·һŻ컺ɢȥ¶һźںӰ
ԯɷȻû
СҰɣҪ汬ˣҲˡԪһ
޳˵һǺ£ֻǶؿԶԯɷʱ֫ѾըѪģƬѾȥѪһ㡣
Ȼһɲǣսʤ˷޵Ĳлꡣ
Ǹоڿԯɷ̧ͷ޳ֻһ޳Ȼŷһ󺮹⣬ҧгݵغ޳㲻ݣ
˵ţȻһɺڹ⣬Ǻڹɲ۳һסֻһ˲ЩɢϾȻѪɢ޸һ㶼˵ӡ
޳󾪣ָٶʵ̫ˣ
Ƿ޵ķܣ޸弼ܡԪСѵͼٻϿ뿪Ƿ޵Ĳл껹ϣ
޳һ̧־ͽͼ˻󲻹ԣһԪ֮Сʩչǧ䣬ʼ˷Ӷݡ
ԶͼƷˣôֻʵǿ޳סˣ
СӣԯɷʩչĿռ֮Ѹ׷ȥ
ڿһкۣһĺһ㣬Ѹٵޱ޼ʵԶӡ޳ϵѪԽԽ࣬ѪɢȥɫɷһƬзߺޣֻҧƴһǰӶܡ
ԯɷҪ׷ϧķѱԴ֮ȼٶһ֡
СסԪԪ֮ϣ˫ֲϽӡ֮ǰյֱ޳ľ֮С
һɹůһ壬ٶࡣܷ쭷ɣѾľѪˮɵ˫УֻǰɺһƬǰ·
㣬ٿһ㣡壡ǰ壡
Ҫȥ֪弸Ǳʹ棬ԯɷѾһ塣
ͻȻԯɷݺ³һѪȫעСʱⱩǳмʮ޳ɿ˹
ˣ
޴ĺҰŭһѸٳ޳˹ܵһ޴ѹȸУûӦͱһɾ޴׷ϣԴ˵һ£ֱֱ׹ȥ
ϴ󣡡
ǰɽϵ֮ʱͿ˿ֲһĻŵֱʩչطһ˲ͳ޳ߣһѾסǰȥ
ģԯɷղһжܽ޳£û뵽·ȻܳһµģһϢŭؿ׷ȥ
޳Ѿԣǰɽϵǰɶݡܾɫһ㵹ˣԯɷԽԽ
亹ҪǱ׷ϣ˶
йϢϤϢԪȻͻܵߣǰɽ˵ȥǰһͷȥǧͷ
һʶѡţæ⺰ǰߣҪͷ
ǰɽ£ǰȥһһ˲ʮ֮⡣
ôغһһҧ˽ȥ·ֻܲһˡ
ǳȥԯɷҲ嵽붼ûҪȥȴһסͣס֪ʮ磡
ʮ磿ԯɷƲѣ۾һֱһŵŨҪȥץ
޵Ĳлеȥ㻹ʡʡɣɲȥ
ԯɷô˵й߷ߵصһǰˣȻҼһɱ⣡ת뿪
棬ǰɽ޳ûͻȻоһƬ磬Ϸ·Ȼһ㣬һεڵء
֪˶ãһֱǾĵģغһƬһ㡣
޳ѹʱǰһƬɣҰгһ˿ɺһƬףʲôٸ֣ǵε֮ǰԯɷˡ
ˣôû£ֵؼһԼ壬ϳһЩ֮⣬֮ǰȫˡ
֪ԭ϶ĻãʱǻĴ߻֮ϵϴˢǡľѱ޸Ĳࡣ
򵥵Ϣһ£վԱߴ̽һ¡Ҳ֪ʲôط
ֻǻûһͻȻߵһһƺ
ɽϵǰɽȵҡʵɽѣ
ʱףղΣʱ̶ȻǰɽԼȻֽ£һ类ԯɷɱʣ
жʱżæǰɽѣˣ
СˣʮĶˡû£ٹʮʱӦ֮󣬱ԶѹߣȺΪʮֻ֪Ҫȥͻû¡ԪͻȻ
ʮ磿޳Ʋѣæʵŷʲôˣ
䣬ղŵظһ顣޳ľѣͬʱӸмǰɽղ
ֲĵظһ飬֮ǰСҲˣæ̽̽һ¡
Сֲ޸ٶȾͺܿ죬ټģʱϢȽûΣգֻһɻָ
ȷǶް֮޳űǰɽȥ
һߣһԪ߶
һΪⱲӶʮˡ벻벻
Ԫһ˺ü벻ض޳Сӣ֪ʮʲôط
޳ûд𻰣ֻš
ԪƺҲֻҸ˵˵ѣԹԵ˵ʮ磬ԭϹʱڵһս﷢һսħ˽ܡÿֻ죬Ĵܡ
󣬲л겻־ö֮γʮ硣磬˼л۶ɡЩǳǧʬ巢ʬвл۶ɡ
棡˵꣬Ϳŵ˸ŻµĶವһ»صԪ֮С뵽ղĶǸʬ֮Ͷġ
޳ãֻЩ֡ԪϹŵ֪ôǺпܾϹŵĳλܹĴܣ
ûԪӣԪܵ룬ɿر죬˵һ䡣
ֻǹһյʱ䣬޳ָǰԽԽŨԽԽڵʵȷǰû£
˰죬ŴԪʮ꣬˭֪ûв仯
֮Ҳ֪
޳ǰɽĬĬǰߡʱǵĻ·ҲȫźֻӲͷƤȥ
һᣬ޳Ȼоһ˿ԾӦôʪӽڲҲһʱȴϸĺܣһʪĸоûС
⣿ǻþ
ѽˡʮֲĵطٵʮþԪͻȻ
޳ĶˣƵʵһ˵ô˳ȥɻü
˰ɣԪСֹղżǾӦܵġ
ģ
޳ûˡ¸ΣǰȴͻֻԭŨڵĺͻȻ£һͷߴľޣɿس˹


1215 

޳㷢ԼֵһİطܿյһƬѾɢҲʧһȥһƬĴʯӰ߼ʡ
л֮ǰ飬Ȼһ亹æվһߵԼ壬һĴѰҡ
ԶŵһӰʱŴһ
ɽһǰɽߣ̽һ£˯Ų޴󰭡ŷ
ǰǺϮ֮ʱֻоԼһʧȥжɲʧǱ㱻߿գתһǳʹḶ́Ҫ˺궼Ҫ˺ѡƴץסǰɽ
ֻǵвǿֲͷһ˹ȥط
Ǻֲûֱԣ㱻˺ꡣſԪϣһ˵һ߸Ŀڣһµӡ
תͷһ·Ԫ飬ʵϼһ㲻Ǳ˺˰ɣ
᲻ὲԪүֻ˼ѡԪһۣ㲻һͷԼȥˡ
ûȤҪ޳Ѱһ㰲οȴһ˼ӣͷȥտСȥˡ
ʱ޳Ѿܴһ飬ûƼֻޱ߼ʵĴʯĿ֮һƬãƲﵽǺεء
ǰɽʩչǰȥ죬ת˲ǧ˴һյʱ䣬ѹȥ֪һƬɫĴʯ
εػ˴Ĵʯ棿˼⡣
ַ˴һʱ䣬ǰľһ˿仯ֻǵ֮ʱ۾صɵϴ
ȻһΰĹ§徣һֱͨϡ
칬ֱǹż칬ģЩ㶵ؿǰľкȻһɷǳ΢ĸо
ҪץסȴʲôץΡ˫鲻Խǰȥ̤һ̨ףǰͻȻӰһûӦ㷢ǰɫѾ
ղôһ£ǾȻ͵һطĿ֮һűİɫʯ
ǳտƱ˰һ㡣ֻһʯƵشУЩ֮Լ͸Ĳﵽ͸һɹӲɣĸоء
ԪȻ૵ķ·һƮɢ
Ԫϵط޳ʱѾȫԪԶʱĳϵֱʵ
Ԫһ𣬶ʵС㾹Ȼû£
ô޳ֵʵ
û£ԪûֱͣӽһԵ˳еԪ
ֻԪԴƱ˳һ㡣޳󾪣æʵôˣ
ԪһŹֵؽѹȵġ
ƣ޳ƣֵʵΪʲôûܵ
Ԫǵ㰡
ȿȣ壬šҽȥϡҪˡͻȻؽ
ŶˡԪ鼱æԪڡ
⵽Ǻεأ޳ǲֱϵѪǹˣ仹ţȻѹȳ˵صĽƵǿ˺ֵز
ôû£޳üǰȥ
ʱԪȻһЩʹغⲻϺͿˣ٣ôܻ֡ûˣʲôûˣ
Ԫ飿޳ЩľԪûʧֻ̬ûüϸʣȻоһ糯
ɫһæϵǰɽһգ৵һͶԪС
Ԫ鱻ͻȻðһغﲻͰѾôʲôӣǸˣӽ
޳ûոƶ죬Ǿһɹǿɱ⣬òضԴ
ηɿΪǧɷɿŴ˷ӿɱ⡣Щɱʵʣһޱȵĵһ㣬ֻҪһܸһ
һ৵һ޴ڣΡ޳һҧֱٻʮһ滯ΧһȦŵס޿ײɱ⡣
͵һԾʮһ滯͵غϳһɱ⴫ķһ³˹ȥֻ䡱һ죬һ׳ӱֱײɷ飬ɱʧ
ֻǲһգۣǷӣȻۿɼٶ¾£ɲǾͻָԭ
ǷһоȻǷһȻǻûɡ
ˡⲻǻǻ꾳ǹ˵ɵĻ꾳ԪЩؽǿɬ
꾳޳Ĺһαˢ£Щڹż϶ûбȻˡ
ǰɲ롣ӻָ͵ֱһɷǳŨҵɱ⡣ε֮ǰҪǿ࣬һͱɱײ˸ţһ¾͵ɳȥصڵϡ
ȿȣ̲ס³һѪס
ǿտĴУȻһĵ̾ϢܵĿռǷŤһ㣬תųһѷ졣
һ̣ѷһһӰð˳ȫ͸һ㣬ͷ­߸߰ϰģ°ȴһβ͡
βͷϤһƬƬƬ̸棬ɢڹ⣬ޱȡǴ׳β߸߾͸һεѹ
Ϥǲ
޳û뵽Ȼһҿӣƺֻһ壬òԵЩϣЩͬ
Сôõϵ羪һ㣬һ־һǿȭͷص޳
һûסֱһѪⲻʹһ壬ǳ㹦ȫʢʱڣﾳ磡
ףһϤζȻü޳ƮҪһ̽
ֻû޳͸оһɷǳѹľһ͹𣬷·Ҫѡ
˵Ϣ۾Ȼһοؽû뵽ô֮Ҳһ徹Ȼкãúúã
ϡڡ㣬ɱЦˡЦ͡;ˡԭͱѹܲˣٱⲻһ𣬲㱻
ЦȻֹЩʧؽôһ嵽һûáȻֻɷ磬ʵǶˣ

ûιȥƴƴһ屣һѪȻﱻȡЦʵ̫ˡ
ǲ󣬼ûӦûáֱгһ˳һյģôӵ۵أûϢģȻСһ޳裬ֱһ
ѾλƢˡһ䰲οûУȻﲻϵ˸ģղżȻرˡ
ԲһؽҪ޳裬ҲҪһһûϢûıȻһͨࡣˣ
ܲˣƢױֹǸ˵޳裬ë𣡡
㣡㣡ð˵˫һɣһ½˦˳ȥȵȥúöﾳӳˣ
޳һ˲˲ؿͷôȣӦò˺ҲôġֻԼ񡭡
Ȼ޳һؽһ˿ûôõȻǾͽܿɡ
޳۾һطȻп飿ҲŪãͨܵõһЩҲ˵
ɲȴ̵شĻСӣʮδһͨ顣ʯûɱЩսµģ


1216 ôһ
ٲϰٸʯÿӵж̺ŷǳŨҵɱ⡣Щɱ⣬ûгǧ˿¾ۼˡÿˣһٸ
룬ͷƤ顣
޳ȻȻ߶һ⣬Ӧս׼
ۿһ˿ͣЩϧؽҹħһǿʵ˵㡣עЩһһɱϧ˿ϧˡ
޳ȴѸ˼·Ԫʱ֮Ǵ߶ˣҲԴ
ֻԪ飺֪ʲô㣿
Сӣ͵֣ȸ򡣡Ԫʵؽ
޳ơԪ֮ǰֱӺģʱôСģû̧ͷŲǰ顣
ֻǿߣҾͽһ㡣򣬾ͽ¡˵ţβͰ޳˹
βƺ̺׵һ㣬̵⣬֮䡣
޳ͫһ붼û룬һӰʧԭء
βͺݺݵسķϣһƬԶ޳ֳЩǱ
û뵽˱̬ղһβУȻ̺ſռ֮ûֱ
һβͳգͷҲкζһ˲ѳ޳ߡ
޳󺧡ǿռ֮ĸһ㾳磡ڶƿأ֮ǰԯɷҪࡣ
СӣΪλħһķӰĿƵض޳ʵ
Ӱѵħһйأħ֮ʱҲʡԲɺϣ룬ӰżõһУ֪ħкι
Уüëһšŵغȵ㵱үүˣǴУûйħѪɣ˵㵽˭汲ħйأ
޳֣صؽ޼ҲħǰǲҪ²ˡ
ոȥС޵ĿҹħǲıƢŴģֱβͶݺݵصСޣҿɸ㣬ǲйħѪҪͨ飬򣬾Զɣ
˵ţߺ޳˹ҹħûث֣
޳Ѹٷˣʩչǧڴв䣬γһӰһصһ㡣ٶ̫죬ĲӰԽԽ࣬ɢȥȻ
صһβӰ顣βͻӵһŭݣյֱӾβͣ˵طһ粨
βʹһʱһˮһ㳯Ӷ粨֮вӰʧ
޳͵һܣſ粨Ϯֻӻûվȣĺӵñӻ죬ӿҪôܣ
˵ţͻȻӶΣͭһĴ¶׹⣬ֻıǿкðβٴθ߸߾ԭŵ粨βͻȻúպһ㡣
޳Զ͸оһ˵ѹ󷢾ΧĿȻ˹Ť÷ǳͺƵǰɽʩչʱ֮ʱһ
ռ䣡ͻȻųһʡռ֮Щޱ׷
֮ʱۣ֮һ֮䡣ӵпռ֮ʱȻŤתǬܹСΧᡣսУһֱŮһ㡣
ɴ˿ɼߵȼǺεȵĿ¡
޳ҧؼʩչŸһξ룬֮һ㣬á
󣬲Ѿ׷һشһ£мؽת޾ȻҲͻӵռ䣬С޹쿪ˣҾͺúý̽㡣
˵ţצһӡֻâһһ˲޳͸оԼһһ£صһҵ˵ϡ
ˣҵײôʯ涼һƬ𶯡ʯ÷ӳֹײδѺۣ޳ˤùͷ˼
޳һ˿⽥ðͷôһУͽǿ۶˼ͷҪǶ£Ȼˣ϶÷ˣ
ҧҧĺݾҲð˳ݺݵضǰˣĲһͻȻһ৵һĳ
ʱһ޴Хųȥ
ǹЦβһ粨䣬ͻһͣڰգȻͷ޳
޳ɫδ䣬ŵһ㣬һһӿȥ
յĶ٣ǺЦצһӣһдźĹâӭϡ
޳ȴͻȻһ䣬ת᧿ΣرܹâͬʱѸٳһ৵سŻȥ

ƣõƣٶ͵࣬ɿس汼ȥ
ȻұٶȣҾ㿴ʲôٶȣķҾ;޳Ҳǻˣһˮˮһ˲γһƬУһռ췭ظ
û뵽޳תô죬һСצǰһ㣬һȦǰγɡǹȦѸٵת۵һ½˽ȥ
Ϣ̵ظɸɾָâ޳ֻһƬɫһ㣬ֱֱس޳
壡޳һȻһƬ⡣žһը㡣ЩԼٶȳŽۼɿƴ޳һ˲ͳУȱ
ͬʱǺâ֮أԭüӲʯһϸ죬󳹵˷ĩһΣʯҲû޸
޳ðһ亹ղŷӦ죬ʱɢľˣ
е͡ǸФﾹȻһľڸˡһ͸ܷŹˡϷѾ˵ңϿ㡣򣬽¡
ѾɱġȻҲЩ޳ְֻǿ߲ܽ棬ģֻܽܲпʵ
⣬ϷŴһɰ͸Ȼ壬˵ѹȻױȡ
ţ޳ѣ͹Ҫһ㡣ĺڤ鲨һ߻סԼ壬һƴܵ
СҪסԪС˵Ԫ֮в֪ڸʲô
޳ҧעǧɷ֮СƫаⲻԶŵһѣһѪˣ
һ룬ϵսǡѹսѹȥ
޳һ˵ǰһ˫͵سԱһţȵ޳û¹б·
һȣһŭһ㣬Ƴ죬͸һ޿ƥеս⡣ΧγһƬռ֮֮УȻʧȥá
𾪵ؿǰλˣǰȻιһӰһ˲Ļ㱡Ҳֻһ˲ҡͷᶨؽȻˣǾͽĿɣ
˵ţβͽ߸֧𡣶ȻһһǿĲһðźԪСٿȻԾ׺ޱȡ
֣Ԫŭ𣬸𣡡
ǻһɿˣֱֱس޳֮پռ飬˥ˣ޿ɵֵ
޳ͫһѾת財ǻӰԽԽԽԽ
δ͸оһɼǿס꣬˺ѵʹ֮
أδӣ
ҧĴ㣬˫͵ĴԼĸѨۿžҪƴȻԶһһֻһɴİƣɽһ㣬صسŻѹ
ˣһΪ֮𵴡


1217 꾳
ôһƣ
޳бҵһ±˦Զһξ롣ǻѾƳ׸һ˿Ҳû
ǿ
޳Ҳ̲סʿˮƵ˲ޱȵĺ档
˭ɫһؿܡղžȻһֱûˣʵ𾪲ѡ
ણણ
ЬߵʯĴ촫ڿտĴԵ
޳涼ԼͬķһӰȳ֣޳Σ۽ƺһλӡ
Ӱǰ˵Ҳǰ
޳ʱʵһһϲ׺
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ׺һΣʱ̾޳имϾ滹ߣҪһŪãͻ۵׺
ʱ׺̧ͷؿ޳ü΢΢һѵõصͷһ¡ҪǰɽżȻǺһͨȡ
Ǻˣüдһ˿ƣŵض׺ʵ
׺ֻǰߣĿתһƽ
üͷһ壬ʵǺˣղ㶯֣
׺ޱһۣ󻺲޳һ㶼Сеӡ
Ƣ˳Ӷβ;Ҫ
׺˶٣ֿ̧ûһ˳ȥһӰ֣˲͵һ˶ߣ߶ʵʵسѹȥ
ǳһƹһ㣬صһ±˳ȥһסΣǲš
׺Ѿһ˿ηӡУ׺һλΪߵ󱲣һɲǱƣȴҪ
͸һƬҡٴʵ㵽Ǻˣ꾳ʲô
׺ջ֣תƽ޲˫۾ؿ͸ʲôһ㡣죬ͻȻˡ
޳һ׺ƺҲ֪顣Ȼ뵽¹ŵأΪЩŹ֡²׷ʵʱǱѾױŭ
˫ѾѪһƬҲ֪ܵʲô̼ݺݵؽûˡ˶ˡⲻǽЩΪǵĶħǵıóѵģ
˵ţȻؿ˰֪ʮ꣬صжࡣôˣһĶûСҪȵʲôʱ򰡡أ첻
޳𺳲ѣУƺڵʲôˣǸ꾳ˣһڣһ⣬һƬ棬Ҫһ̽
⣬ܸоһֵĸоÿҪϸ룬ȴָоһƬ
һߣ󣬺ȻһƮ׺ߣ´һɻʵ㵽˭ΪܹҵޣϷʮûʧ̬㵽õĺֹȻܹӰ˵ġ
˵һ룬۾Ȼϴ󣬶ȻŮһֵͣסˡ˫ðᣬǱ˵˼¡
޳׺΢΢üֵؿ޳һ׺ҲЩֵؿ棬֮⵹ûı顣
ȴϺˣײһ㣬Ȼܲ˵شһšܣⲻܣҲţԶˡ
Ƿ˺£޳ý췢һƺĪǱԯɷ׷ɱʮ磬ֱ뵽Ƭ֮УȻôƾЩ桭
ĬĬܽһ£ԭƺȫԼϡתͷ׺룬ʵֿзʲô
׺ƺҲ˼ҡͷʾԼҲ
޳˵ΪʲôܾӦҲû׷ʣ߿Ĵͬʱһһߵˡ
ղһ飬˵֡Ѿ˲̶ͬȵˡ
һȦûзر֮ҾȻһڶûҵһյһ㣬ǴʱǱˡ
޳Ҳżͣ׺֮ǰзʲôɽ˵ǴӴʧɢˡ
Ļ䣬׺ϺȻһɱҲֻһ˲ͱѸ
޳󾪣תͷؿǺ⣿ǲķʲô飿Ҳ㣬СҲǵġ
׺ͻȻתͷؿһۣü룬ҡҡͷĬĬؽȥˡ
޳첻ѣһԸἰӣҲͲټ׷ʣԼ˽ȥ̽һ¡
м飬Ǻܺ档ôҲ
׺Щã̧ͷŰɫ컨壬Ҳ֪
ǸһĪ޳ϸ۲һı飬ַƺ׺Щͬ
룬ĵ׵ȥ׺ǿ͸ǶܣĬѡ˲ʡ
ʱĬһԪȻĥˣϿڶ㡣
Ԫࡣʶôã޳ǵһμĻֵʵôˣǰ֪Ҵ򲻹壬ΪλҶ֣
޳֪Ԫ鲻ẦǰѡΣûʡ
Ԫȴǲ̸ӣߴٵԪүẦ㣬ҵģȥ㡣ʱˡ
޳ƣԪһ֪顣ǲ˵żҲûá룬εؽҲȥûڡ
ԪűӽʲôԪүڣ㻹û·ߣӣڡ
޳վĴһ£ҵ˹ȥ׺״Ҳ
޳һƺȻݺײϡ
ֻһӦ飬ԭسһŵɫâš޳׺һۣһͬ˽ȥ
Ǹһ̤ţͼⱩǡǰһʧԭءߺԭѵʯƬȻ£̱һʯ
ʱ䲻ǺܳϢ֮ɢǰǰ
֣޳һתͷȴû׺Ӱƣһ̽һƬռﶼû׺Ϣ
ȡ֮ģȻһķ㡣
Ƿ㣬֮ǰŵĻ㶼ͬǡŮ㣡
üͷšط֮ǰĴô崿Ůζ
ʱǰȻһʹȥڳž޴ʹһ㡣жһϧ
һŮ˵ʹߣ飬̲סһҪ鲻ԽеһȺŮˡ
ǣǳʹоԼֱͲһˣȻԼŮ˷ôҵ顣
ôˣ޳͵һӶʱղǹǿҵоԲǿйһ㡣
Ԫлþ
ԪȴͻȻ˵֮ͶԼˡವһԪ֮УһҲɵ̬ȡ
޳ΣҲÿζһ飬̧ǰȥ
ȻһƬտĴûô⣬һûжֻû߼ǰľ･ת䡣
ֻԭâһƬĴʯУͻȻһ˿ɫɫ÷ḻ̺Ƿ׷
ţһƻֺĹŽǰһ㽨Բεݶ棬źĲݽ棬ǧ̴ľɣЩһЩԶʱڵĽ
޳ܿʶһС硣Գһ磬̨ͤ¥ﻨ㣬Ҳ¡ղǹŮǴﴫ
ֻǵӣһŮ˵ʱȻۡ


1218 绨
ʵױȣ
޳Ů˵ȻһˣҲ̲סû뵽侹Ȼ˾ɫ
üԣﲨ֬һ̧ͷķ飬ˣҡˣÿ˵ζͬ
ŮһֻĻ𿣬οɰŮһߵβȻ󣻺Ůһʢĵȶׯ
̬ͬÿһ϶һʡ·ԾϵŮסüִһɳ࣬Ҳңֱӡ˵
޳оԼĺЩ١绨죬ܲĶ
ʱȺŮҲ޳ǺŮΪףȫʩʩȻӭ˳
˭þöûˡŮܳȣһһ㣬һĪѹ
޳˿Ͽҵؽ޳ǰͨؽܿߡð˸λ¡
͡ǻŮͻȻЦؿ޳۲ۣӶ޲ճϣȴװģ
޳ԡȷʵ棬Ҳû˵ĸͽһɣ
֡ŮǰŮӵ
㣡ŮƲͷ޳ʲôȥ
Ů˵ֱӡµ޳Щ˼һ£㳯˹˹ֵȷʵĳͻǡ
ȵȣǺŮӼ޳ҪߣͻȻֹ
޳ͣסŲɻؿﻹк£
ǸŮҧҧ촽һ£¶ҪƵؽһҪ빫ӰæӿɷԸ⣿
޳üʵ£ĳܰ쵽Ȼ岻ݴǡ
Ůԥһ£ʵӷſŮʹ
޳һȷʵΪŻֻ߽ȴδκ쳣źŮӵͷʵǲǷʲô飿
˴˵㣬빫ҽȥ̸ΣŮӿһ棬Щ˵
ӣǸ֮ǰĶׯͥ޳棬ǶѴȻҲһİӽ롣
룬ͷ˽ȥ
ŮӼȥͷЦˡ
ŮӼ״˼ؽӱ֣СͻãԹˡ
޳ҡͷȻƽϣŮԸϲ
ڱҪ࣬Ǵǰ޼ҵһС˵ԱߵĻȡһжĵطǣڵİڼ
ҪȥԼ۾Լˡ
ʲôȻܵĶɱĵҩﻹӣֱһ⣡
Щɱ֮УƷҲƷɱһ«õģѾ벽ࡣִһЩɱвϰټ
ɱԱߵļϣһƿƿװƿеĵҩƿӶûɵζƮɢǰ´ˣŵζУȫŮ㣬ҩ㣡
ʱǰָһŵıЩǼҸ£ӲǼ飬Ǳ
޳ǳ˳飬ЩŮӻ󷽡Щ⣬һ֮ˣֻЦŴĳѾ˵ܰæһ߾ܡЩҪ
Ůһ˿죬ü룬ֿڵӿԸȥ棿ҲĶӻ⡣
޳˵ˣԼϡЩɼλŮѾȥ޷ֻ˳߽ȥ
һңŮӽַϣֻһš۵һ˿ת޳ǷǷ롣
޳Ȼһ뻢ڵĴЦȥ֪Լֻǻ
ֻǵ֮ʱʱԼֻ
ֻһӣǽӲӵıҩй伮鱦ⶼܿȹˣ
޳ﲻЩŮӵΪ͸һɹŹ֡ʱ濪ڵӶЩɷ⣿ܹæЩȫΪꡣ⡭
촽ȻЩɬؽӲˣҲɹӲǲ
ǲ޳Щ˼ԶʵûǷ˼µ˵°ɣ޳Ǹ𰸣ܰ쵽߾ȫ
üһ˿ǳ޳ӣҽ˱޾£һֱڵԵǡֻǡЩŸҼ˵ȥ
޳Цˣǵһμ˷ǰѱͲɡȻҪӢۡǷҲֻɳѡ
ˣ޳㲻ˡȻ˷Ҫֺͣαߣűǡ
һǳ˵ؽáҼ̱湫װ˵ţһλŮģŮ߽ңóһֻǬĶһԵضװ˽ȥ
޳ִɨһۣʮϵĵмѾڶ֮ϡÿһ˵һ־޴ջ
ֻȴЩܾЩ졣
ʱѾߣһ԰Уǳʵ޹Ӹղſ
޳ͷĳǱġ
˷󣬾͸йءӣʹĿ޺ǽ÷ġ
ʲô޳òȣϸع۲һڳλŮӡ볣죬һ㶼вʡ
Ҳ֪νͣ빫ߴһϣʱȻס
⻰һ˵꣬޳ͼǰȻһ⡣ȵƽϢǰѲλŮӵӰ
ˣ£ֵط΢΢üתһεĵط¾ϢȻӦ˱ˣôѶˣȻһ֮
ʱ÷ǳ졣תɽͷǳҹգѺѹѹһƬҹĻѾ١
޳תܲ̽һ¡ΧǾĵģûСһԶӡ
һأغֻʣһƵġΧĻ԰ҪΪԼֻصһĴʯá
ʱԶͻȻһ΢졣˵ĿȻŴһϸһ಻٣ڿ
һһʩչ˲ĵط
һ֣ǰΣһŭǻһŽһ˸߷˳ȥȵǺˣ۸Ůӣʲôˣ
ǰѹڵϣһǵԪ飬²壬ֹ޳жһ˿ûü˵ͼǼǿ׳˹Χס޳
֪Сүǵĺ£һˣ޵һĭ׺ݵغ
޳ɱųһ³ǣһȻһ߻ϣȼҵһ½󺺶Χס
ߣСơһ㣬һµϸߣһ͵شһڱ˪֮ȻһӾͽϵĻ𡣶˵תֱֱس޳
޳һһʧԭءһݣͻȻһԣɿĳһơ
͵ϮʲôúǸЦת޳˹
ͬʱͻȻת򣬳ŵϺ˳˹ȥ
СӣȻǣҵҪܾܲȵˣ
޹ӣȫֵؽ


1219 ̰
޳ͫ͵һǧȻͬʱ淨Ҳһͬʩչһ档
أأأ
ʮһģһ޳৵һײĸˡ޳嵽ǰ͵һף׼ĸˣǧɷǣߺȵһɱ
ʱһƬҫ۵ڹ˸˲佫ĸס
ֻһƺߣû죬÷ǳɾ
޳ջǧɷת۵ŵɫҰ׵ļλŮӣЦŰοûˡ
ɺ漸Ȼ֣ؿ촽ͣ޳˺ü飬ͦ˵ʲô
ûûû
޳ЦᣬһɲõԤϮͷʶתͷȻǰԭʧļˣȻԭֳΡһһ㶼û˵ӣ
оޱȡ⸱ΣǰǴ֮лԶ޸ʯͬһǿս⣬һ˲˲ضǡ
Ȼ͸ЩǲлɡһɲƿصĸоʱľͬʱҲսʢ
͸һĨ˷ܣֱֱسȥּ̧䣬ɱ¾˲γɡ佲ˣǲлꡣǣʹң
˵ţһƮʧԭءһ˲ߡ͵رǣͻȻһ£ɢŲӲԡ
ǼλϳһĨ죬ΪλͻȻ˫֣콲ȷʵеͣһղҲѾˣﾳΪܹĥǣ𣿡
޳Ӱչȴ˼ǵĻ˵ĺܶԣȷʵܳĥǡ룬ʵǵ
СӹȻϵ˹ЦһᣬȻ˫һУݺݵؽеıﶼó
Ϊ޳ȻţҪƣǼﲻǶ֣ͿԳȡãαصȵڣ
Се˼˳Ա˿ĭȴܿ⣬ͷ޳ͷŶϸһ飬аЦŽСϵĺö治١ֲζþûŵôҷζˡ
˵ţͷ촽һģ
޳ɫ˫Ѿûһ¶ȣһһؽ룡⣬ҾֻܸǺĶף
йâһֽҲôˣϵҩȫ
޳˵ļλֵʹ˸ɫǼһͳ嵽˺漸ԡ
޳ҪȥȴһסֻЦ˵ɱǣʱޡ˵ȥϢҪʱ䣬ǷǡȻҲΪ˼Ƕ֡
޳ǵ̬ȺǻɣŲسŵ˫һУֱӶ֡ӰһӽǼ˶˽ȥȻ
ֻľǣٻ׻ǡƺʹãֻܿԼ
ԣǼӵΪߣôһ¾Ѿɢ˺üΡÿһΣһǾͻԭظСǿһ㡣
޳Ҳޡı㲻ַ֧ʹ˸飬աɱȫùſԪ󣬿ɶá
ʷһ˱ΡԽսԽߣͲ治κǣ
С׷ˣΪ׵ЦŽֱ˲ɢܵζ治ܣ˱һжɣ
˵ţ˳Χס޳һֱֱسϵĺ漸ˡ
޳һҪȥˡȴΧסǵĹһӱѸʹұ쳯޳к
ɢ޳ɱױʵʵɱ˸𿪡ûȣ·һҽС
޹Ӿң˺ѷεĲҽУ͸޾ľͿ־塣
޳һǻŮӣǸһɰŮӣͷȥĶʱȥֻʱѪ˫˫ȫն䣬һһ㣬Ҳ̶á
޳͵ɱ⣬صһ½ӡħһ㣬żµɱ⡣
˫һչһʱɱ⳹ױҿۡͽΧסļ˸ɢ
Ǹ˼״һ˿־塣æϵŮӣַͷвڹҾ𣡡
޳Цǰ̤һʱضɽҡһ·Ҫһ㡣ȵҲܽĥˣұⷽ磡
ƽıǱвЩŮ˶ɱˣǣ
һĨͰ͵ؽ㽲ôǸһ̰ƺɫ᲻Щ
޳Цһ½ϵǬû㳯˦˹ȥмؽͼ޳мҪұ㶼㣡
˵ţֳһӣҲһ˹ȥһԼģȫ㣡ǲǰҾͳȫǣȷûǸã
˵ţӱ𣬼ٳ˸ȥٶȿ죬˵ٶȸ졣û嵽棬˽һһӱʧԭء
޳ܶ鿴һ飬ûǵټǺûгֹһ㣬ʧظɸɾ
ʱżλôӵ޳ʵؽлл޹ȡˣǴʱȥ֪ԶҲˡ
޳ջתͷǵ
滺ҡҡͷ¶һǣǿЦݣؽްŶӲعġǴ˷ʧȥô౦漸ʵѰ
޳ҡͷЩ֮ʧȥֺηǼͺáֻǽǼ˸ˣʵڿɺޡо
ͷЩ̵ؿŻŮӣһ˿ϧ
¹ʧȥΣеãñˡղӳʱѹǽЩŮӿȫ
ֻôһ룬ǰȻ˱仯ԭ˵ŻŮˣͻȻӷƮһһʧԭء
ǣ޳٣Ҫץסǣȴֻؿɢԭء
ʱԭƻֺĽҲͬƮһʱվȻŤһ£ɢԭء
ʲǫ̂ͤ¥ʲô绨죬һ㣬ȫƮɢ޳ǰֻʣһƬâȻԭĴʯö㡣
ȻŪ˰죬ղһоȻֻǻþʵĻþһ亹ˣ깦ѴﵽǷ켫ΰޱȣĻ꾳
˶ǰȻһӰӰʵһ͹Ȼһ̰֣
̰򣬻ǰȥ֮ǰһĻĻ糱ˮһеݵķҩӵ֮˵Ů޷ӱʱĲм
һеһУˢˢľʱ⣬̰ô˶̰ɱǣȴ֪еáȥһ̣γڵõ벻Ļر
ʱǰǸһ˶ߵַ̰һһ˷ĩ
ɢԭسһɫţӨӨԼżЦӯӯסȻǺ漸ˡͬʱоһأղӳȥһֻǬѻصϡ
棬þֻǻþʵȻʵһ̧ȥжһһΡ
ϣҪʧ


1220 ̤
һİĵطǰ㲻ͬǣһƬڰԨһ㡣
ֲָĺڣ޳òҰǰƺһɫĴ͸һɭ֮С
޳ϸһǴƸܵİһ㣬źȻһϸ죬һߴ洩
ǹֱֱس޳ʶؾԱ߶ȥǹ߸۾Ƶģ׷
ֻǰâһһΣһ̱㵽һط
Ŀ֮һƬ׵ĹâĺڰγǿҵĶԱȡžǴˡ
޳Сվֱӣֱֻ۾ϸΧ
ʱһ֮Уװŷεıڻľ涼žµĻơЩͼѾ඼ֻڹżϲܼš
ȻһԶŴ޳ǰȥһһߴܵΡϺܿտϱ߰ڷһſӣŲ֪ޣһ۾˲һɾη֮С
·ܹܵλɢǿߵϢ嫶ǿᡣ鲻ԽͣסŲϸ۲
ʱտĴȻһȵĽǿ
޳һæԴ֮ſǽ䣬ұǸԹԼС
޳üͷ΢һɾ֮ⷢܽͻƿռƣȻ򵥡
ʱֻغصߣֺͷ
ԹһҪֲƽ
У͸һɹƻĵ̲סҡ޳͵ҡҡͷѣȵαװŪֳ
Ļ䣬ȴͻȻʧˡֻһ˲ǰȻһ䣬һͻأسǰ
Ƕ޼ң
޳۾һȣ鲻ѾܳʱûлңҲ֪үүǹΡ
ԣſţȻоԾǰΣϤЩӻᷢ顣
ΪеһȺˣۼһ䳡ϡүүվס̨ϣŵµ˵ʲô
ţ㿴һŶϳƳһԲεӡȥӷһâÿ˼Ĺâͬǿͬ
޳һ糱ˮһðԼȺ֮ҲֳԲӡȥǼĹâֻһ£㰵
ˣʱүүѾ˼Ĵ󲹣ſ׶ѡʱʵķϲģ޼ҶĹҲ
첻㣬źʱ˶ѹԲģүү½㣬϶
һԼݺۼˡһ׹УҲһΣԪԪŽ첹㣬ŻкΪͻơ
ʱһߵúࡣԼв޼ұв϶Ϊɥʧ
һĻĻһζѪᣬһͷӡУͻȻӿһɲɣ֮Сôʱ䣬ҧһûûϸ»عˡ
ЩЩҲЩ޳һ죬Ὣһжȥ
Ϊʲôе˸߸ϣȴݽһ㱻˲ڽ£ǸһΣȻֱӻص
޳͵ȵƻģûþͣ
Ǹ߸ϵһ鶼ҽ¡ҵͱߣ͵֪࣬ķŭ׸Ұɣٿŭ𣡡
˵ţЦһɹ粨һ㣬һȦȦϮ޳
޳ʱһƺߣӾӳȥһҵϡ
ôҪҶԿΪں𣿽챾͸㣬ϣȻСϣû֮ܿܿУֵһᣡ
ÿ˵һ仰һ޿ƥ֮ƳԱ߱޳ûվ𣬾ͱһһٴεأ۵³һѪ
ħ紩Եһ㣬һꡣͬʱֱֱش壬ֱ
ֻоԼÿһëУǿֲ޷赲Σ
СӣôˣҸ㣬ھԵǰֻܵͷ䣡ķΥˡ
޳ҧѪһڿ̣ǿؾǲ䡣һؽ޳ߵգ߸ϵļһ׵ġûʸУ
Ȼһǿ־һ£һĻһ㣬ֱײЩֲ
Ǹ˶٣Цŭɣطŭɣ㱯ҵļЩ߸ϵˣЩɱˣܲޣ˵ĶԣûʸУʲôʸ㣿
޳ͷһûЩΪʲôܸһȣŬΪʲôѹƣΪʲôǴвŬһСľͻ֮ΣŬ΢и㲻ܱԼļˣ
粻ƽ
ƾʲôǶƾʲôƾǸ߹ĳƾԽ˿̿࣬һѾĻ㸶˶ѪƾʲôҪǿ𣿡
ٴ޳Уһһ˵ҡ
޳˫۽һ⣬һаһ㽫ʴŭԽԽŨ·һֻĹһ㣬ʱ׼
ʱǰȻһ޴ӰǽһӰһͷ޴Ұޣȴ̺ž޴
㿴ֻһѣȴܹѹ㡣˵ƾʲô޳߽е
޳һֱֱس˹ȥ
ˣĳһ޴޳ֻһأҲΪˣ־΢Щһ˲˲ضǰ塣
˷ˣ޷ޣ÷ǳ졣ȴǳǿ޳ǿȻƴ
ֻζһ£һ˲ͳ޳࣬һƳֱȥ
޳ֻһ飬˾ͱ˳ȥ
ٴһ޳һ߹ȥأ޳ٴαУصҵϡ
ǲ޳򲻹𣿡ٴ𣬷·Ժһ㣬ζ֮ȥ
޳ҧݺݵضǰ壬Ա˿ѪȻһȥ
ÿһϵƾͱһ㣬һǿһ㡣ʮ֮״̬Ѿﵽ۷壬͵ر𣬳͵س˹ȥ
ޣе˼£ʶӿһܹ巢͵Ĺ
ˣ
һ㣬ܱΧĵɷĩ缱ӿһжɢͬӶޡ
޳ûüЪһ徹ȻԭظֳȵسƮ͵ſѪڣ˽ȥ
ʹôһɲǣ޳͸оԼ괫һ˺֮С徹Ȼʳ˻ǣ
ҧֿʱǸٴԺлص𣺡С򲻹ֻҪŭǿҵطŭķŭ
ŭ޳һһɾǿŭرǺŸձͱһǿѹơ
ûӦͷԼʶȻȼ
ǸްɣС򲻹ŭɣ޾ķŭһУ
޳ҧŭغã


1221 ŭ
޳ǳ׷ŭˡŭһ㣬Ѹ͵ĴҴܡͬʱʶȼյҲԽԽҡ
ѵʹץ񡣸ѩϼ˪ǣ˿ûд󷢴ȱ˼ɵø
޳ֻоԼһ飬ʶһ䷢չȥ
ǿҵΣУ亹Ҫðãܳ壬޷ѳȥ
С࣬ôܹù񣿽ķŭ׳ԹԵسϷٴ𣬴һӣֱֱع޳ġ
޳ҧ۶ڱǶѪȭͷϼս⣬һײ塣֣սǿһ㣬Ľǿһ֡ĺŨһЩܵʹһ㡣
һΣ޳Ŭȶ񣬽Լ˼׷ſաȥ룬ǻôٿء
һ̣ͻȻоʹм١Χ·оĴһ㡣
ֻǸȻڻ죺ްɣҪֹͣŭֻзŭܽ㡣ŭϣ
޳ѹʹ࣬ŬԼ˼ſա·һƬ統УΧһж͸
磬ıԴԴΪһ塣оԼ黯ͬһ㡣
Ʈͬ޳ռһ㡣һȫµĿ֮УĿһ㣬ӯ塣÷ǳᣬܹƮԶһ
ͻȻͥѨУȻӿһɾ޴ɲǼ䣬޾ԭ֧꣬Ȼ漣ϡұ֮ǰҪǿࡣ
ۣǰһƬڰղŵĴѾڡƻĵҲѾ
һԼ壬ʶ𣬷·ղһֻһζѡ
꾳޳гʣɫٴղǼȷŭͽŵĸоθ֮䣬ǰģлصħһУȻٵġ
꾳þЩƣɵĻֻ꾳ɲлɣʵ˷ֲ١֣ڻ꾳֮У֮ѹסǱ˲ٿһ㡣ģǿħӳԼ
û꾳ħҲһУֻԼԼõѡжħжħжܵ˺ж
꾳һԭٿ˵ѹƹ
޳һкﵹǰࡣȻħܹ˷ܱǿĵ˺ãǲ޷սʤֻ·
վǰȥܺһƬʹҲ̽⵽ԶǰѾȡ֮ȫǺɫ
ûǰͻȻһƬ⡣һɫδУĵسǰ
һһ˶ߵ֡ǰǸ̰һѶɷĩʧԭسһɫĹţȻһ
޳ȴ㶵ضǸʧķ𺳲ѡ
˶һҵϡŭľͻᱻɱΡɴ־ߣض̡̳֮
һľղûסеŭʱѾյ
һ˼̧š룬⽥𣬶һһҫ۵Ĺâ޳ʧԭء
ֻһ˲޳һǳɽ֮С
ﻨ㣬ľдСɽȵı߼ʣȻһɫͷ׵ĳ硣棬ʱʱһֻֻɹá
û뵽һεĻ꾳ȻáֻԽҲԽΣաת壬ǰȥ
Ŀǳ£ֻһھҪĸоϣʱʱС಻̧ܳһ˫Ĵ۾ؿ
һֻ鲻ԽСɡëҲ֪Ρ
ͬʱֳһ롣
ףô£ŷ֣ԪȻһ˿Ϣûɢ¶ֵԪ飬ˣ
ֻԪ鶼ûзӦĵУѹûԪûԪƵġ
ǰԪ˵ġһпԼĻ˼֡أټһĿ飬Ҳࡣ
ȥȷʵԪ̫˵һ㡣ҲͨһΣܹ˷Ҳ˵
ź˼ԪȻûӦȻЩҲ޼ƿʩֻüǰȥ
ʱɽʮ֡ɽһĹԣȥ׶áһжԵãõ
޳һֱһܵľɫһǰȥҲ֪жûϸЩ꣬һֱڲϱܣƴ׷ϡʱŷ֣ԭѷǳƣ
ǰһΣĽںƬľɫ֮У޲ͣúס졣
Ӧúúפ͡Σ
ȻƮһƮƮһ˿ϤС
޳ͣסŲü鲻Խ
ٴ𣺡ùȥȥһΣ
޳ͻȻһķݷһһֵؼһ仰㡪Σ
˵ͬʱʩչһ㳯ڵķȥ
С˱ꡣǱߴһ̾ϢһӰƮڳ֮ϡ
޳ǰݺݵضǰˣҧгݵؽۣڸˣ
û뵽Ȼۡʱǰһ壬ͱ飬˳ȥ
ϱ鵭ģ޳ĿһЩյײУؽԩԩ౨ʱˣӦ¡
Σ޳ȣɱ㣬޳ĲΪˣ
ĸĳܲ৵չֳһӰ滯৵չžŰʮһ
Ӳһҧһֳַʮһ˵滯ÿһ֮󣬶һӰ΢΢͸ź⡣
˫һУЦһҪƴˣˣұɡ
˵ţ̧һӣһӵĴԾȻչһɲãϢȻӿָ֡âһᳯŴһ㡣
ʱϹâһַƮȻ޳ƮٶȺȴһϢͻȻ÷ǳ٣һ⽣һ㳯޳ȥ
ͬʱ޳Ѿȫעǧɷ֮С״һȻһŵӰһŲ㽣⣬ˢˢسǰ
¡¡
һײַʱһضɽҡɽϣǳǵݣƻԼ
޳һݣ۵жһ˿ɵȫһȻֻѡң˭û˵˭
̧֣ӿǧɷֱָۣȵգ
սݺһһһ㣬ֱֱسŷȥͬһʱ̣ľ滯ҲͬĶһ˵һٳһغһ
Χһ̵ƿ֮죬·ȼա޳ҧʣϤע뵽ӰС
ʱ±һҫ۵Ĺâһ»۳һֱֱسŷ۴ȥ
ҵһѸ͵Ŀ硣۷˿ؿ޳ǺȻһЦ
ָ̧һȦҫ۵ĺ⡣Ǻ৵һСʱǴַ籼ڵһ㣬৵һԾһɫ
۱𣺡Һ÷һ·ȻҪȥǾɣ
˵꣬Żص޳ӿ


1222 
أأأ
һըըľһ㣬һɹ˲佫Ƭɽȶĳƽأƽñһ
޳Ѿֻʣº⣬źѸٳȥȻһ㣬žžžسźȥ
СӣʹƴȫܽΡɡһ̧һ⣬޳һ㡣
޳ʱоԼǱһסһ㣬ܶؿǺâ䵽ԼϡѸŨһţּٳŷ۷ȥ
һ̣޳һϣضŷ۵֡ŵģȻ޳ĸ׵Ļǣ
ң޳ѣƴӣζѲ˷۵Ŀơ˫ͨ죬һа˲ӣ·һħһ㡣
۵ͷϸشһеĲл꣬תͷЦЦؿ޳ֻҪһĸ׾ͻ᳹ʧϡ㣬ҪҶ𣿡
ĸסֳ޳ƴԼ侲ɻѪ̲סӿҪʧȥĸ׵Ŀ־ȫʧȥ򶨡
ɱҲһ֮䡣ϲűԼȥģַŭı飬涯ˡԽ˵ԽȻ۾ϸϸ
޳Ҫҧˣ޺޵ؿԵѪϳѹơ
ʱۺȻۣаЦſ޳˵ĸһ˿л꣬ȫˣ
ƺΪѵü룬ƮƮ˵ȫ˺á
Ҫ޳ۣʹغ
һжˡؿָ̬һĸ׵˿лžһ̣Ʈȥ
ĸף޳ԳѪᣬܲ˵Ҫȥ徹Ȼһָ̻ɣһ³嵽ĨԱߣƴҪȥץȡ
ôץ̶ָߡ
ܲ˵رͷ󺰣޲ʱ⵹Ŭôãûĸ׸ûТؿԼǰ
ûڣʹģ⣬һԵسļӿȥѪٷӿͣȻҪΣ
ʱԱ߹ЦؽԲҲ뱨㲻Ǻ͸߹³ޣ㲻ϣ³
˵ţ建޳Ʈغһ㡣ĸȥظԲɣ
޳ȫûĻһ㣬㶵ڿУ·һʧ˻ľͷ
۵ĴѾѹһַһСɽһ㣬ֱֱسѹ޴ѹֱӽѹ棬ҳһӡ
޳·첻ʹ⣬һ˫ɺۣ޽صǰУϻطĸױǵһɲạ̇̄вϷŴСһ޷ѵʡ
ŬôΪʲôôΪʲôһѾʧȥ塣
Ϸ۵ĴѾûһСɽӲӽ£֮һжɻ޳Ц̧ƻ顣
ħӰһ㣬ֱֱس޳ӿ
үѣ
޳ûõˣ㷴
ͻȻŮͻȻ޳Ժ֮Сţ޳Ȼɹâһ̹Χһźڹ⣬һ㣬৵ػס޳塣
үѡ˵ҪһؼҵģŮſǻֱֱسˢ޳ʶ
Ļ䣬һҲһ𣺡޳˵ȥ
أ
꣡
ҵײ޴ĺǺɫɫΪֵסѹѾһƬѺۡ
޳ǱֱһѪ˳ǰһƬѪ졣
үѰҪҪòã
޳Źȥ
㶵ͻȻתһ£૵غ϶
үѡ
޳
˵ԽԽ΢Ҳͬʱɫɫ飬޳оԼڵĻĺڤͻȻ£һɷǳ˵ݳ
һڴԷӦվʩչ৵һʧԭء
ͬʱңԶطһλŮӺͺŮӣ͵ۣ۵һѪصȥ
϶޳Уһۺھ˲ͷͨڤĸ֪İΣΣʱ̾붼֪ղһ£ˣ
䣬ֱֱۣؽֻһӰܹңգҶȥԪѰɱ
ڸղһ̣ͻȻסֻһ꾳ôַۣһУֻǻӰѣɱѡ
־ĸоڣҧƴԼⲻģһжֻǻþþ
ǻӰΣǻ꾳Σһȥɱ㣡ֻҪˣŵĸ׵Ĳлͬᱻ⣬к𣿡
޳ݺݵһϵѪˮǣҲóѣ
˵ţһʩչӰֱֱسŷ˹ȥˢˢˢĶǳ죬ԭһʵʵĲӰһ˲ѳڷԱߣ̧ƾһ
嶼»Ͳղ
Ƿֻ̧һӣһɾ޴ĹĻǰ޳ĻǹĻȻ۵һ£Ϩˣ
޳һעȥǰ취һ꾳Уѹսʤ塣۶ǿԷᷢҪǿ
Ѱ꾳
ô취𣿺Ǻǣ׷Ļˡ㲻ǺҾԳ޵˵ţȻǡ
ֻһɲǣξһһ㣬϶գ̤ءһ৵ðһΧס޳
أĿ֮Ƿ۵Ӱ޳ֻоų޵ĸоŭԹʹûڣвʣȫӿ
ްɣ޵ΪֹҸᣬԼϷµġһ޳ҵֱ졣
¡Ȼһж
·𿴵ĸʩչǰ΢ЦӣүүͷһЦţ϶ɵɵΣĮĹģ¼͵غĲˣĬĬظ
ֻڸЩħЩǣЩǣÿһ˶ôĿɰô֧
˳ޣӵࡣôΪ޶ɱԼ
һ򣬻ȻʡоǰҰԭȵĳͬ۵Ӱһͬɢ
һδйɴĵ״Χֻоӣжһһ㡣
ʱһӰϣϲС˳աأһ㡣
䣬޳ǰȻһ޴ġա֣ǰһ㣬飬һɫĹš
޳վסԭأŬ顣һкγΪһ֡ĳĸĳһпƣȻñѱ¡
һ̤šʱһ𣬽ס
һΣ޳оԼ˺þúþã·ڴԽʱһ㡣ȫɫĹâ͸һɹܹоһЩȽϴĿռ϶
սʱղȶϴεĴ;£һλ±ط
֪˶ã޳أŵʱŬ˱۾ĻԼǲֱʹˡ
ĬĬ۾ٴȷһ¡ǰ档
һ޳˲վšǰʮֺʵ֣ô


1223 
֣ô޳һ飬ͬʱ׺ȥ
׺ǰ֪ʲô㶣󻺻ͷ
޳һȻ׺۾ˣо˸ҲæߣЩеʵ˺£ô
׺Щ㶣Իҡҡͷ·СƵص͵ͽҲ֪
޳ʶô죬е׺һֱǷǳǳصһӣδһ
̧һ׺ļȴһ䰲οĻ˳ղſķȥȴǰһƬɫأһһ㣬ȫסȥ·
޳ɻתͷʵǺһ
׺һ£ͻȻ˵뿪ɡ
޳𾪣Իؿ׺ҪʲôѴ˵޳ʲôܣһЩСæǿ԰ﵽġ
ǡ
ˡ׺ͣܺȻһϸһʲôڷһ㡣
޳̧ͷǰǾͻȻһƣǴ洫ǰһ̽ǾȻ׹һһͻȻ׹һ㳯ܱ
޳ܵؼ壬Ʒ˲⣬׹৵һײһ
أ
һɾ޴ķײֱֱˤȥһתʩչûбǱ˦ǽϡ
ֵ䵽棬̧ͷһȴ׺Ȼö˶˵վԭء
û£
龳𣿡
޳ʻͬʱԪȻͷһϲʵԪ£ǰǷعġ
ΪԪү⣿ԪؽظڣϵķҲ޷ʹãǱԶӡˡ
޳ޱȵ̾棬꾳˶׽֮ܣ֮
Ԫ齾ؽȻֻû뵽ȻôһطҲáиУǺõġ
Խ˵Խͣૡ޳Ĳ˲æʵ˭
ԪͻȻЩԽӴģŬʵСӡ
䣡
޳ȼ۶־һ죬վƽӵĵλ
Ԫ鶴Ϥ룬һЦ˳ɫһ壬صС뷨ǺõġŬɣҲܳ漣
޳Ҳƽϣ¶ġּ׺ȥϸ۲һ飬ʵֶƺ죿
׺ȻһƬãЩɬҡҡͷįؽ֪
ֿʲôЩӣ޳Ҳ۲죬ü͸һĨ˼һʧѰһ㡣
֪׺ȴҡͷҲ֪
޳˿̵ǷǰɽǼһſ϶ٸף׺ʮ˴ʳԼûˡ
׺ʱͨһĸֵͬһ㡣ʱָо˫֮һɽ͸
ʱ׺Ȼ֣һǾ֮ϡ
ˣ
ٴͬʱһһ˵ֱֱײˡ˾ֵǣЩˣȻֱֱش׺ֻ޳˹
Ҷˣ޳һ죬㱻˻Уصһײǽϡʵʵͷۻ
ҪȥֿûСӶû𣿡Ԫɸֵ
޳ʧЦûǷ롣䱸ȫأ׺ȥ
Ȼһһ㣬廬һ˿ûС
׺תͷ뿪ɡ
޳Цҡҡͷ˵ؼѱ棬ĳȻܶȥ޳һ뿪
СϹĸʲôûͨضãֱӵ˼ұ´ţò㵣ġԪ鲻ˬؽֻǽȻһţֵ
԰СôֱⲻϹذͻȻõıӣʹᣬؽôоСϵζЩְ
ᣬҡͷǵͷ˵ЩϤֺİʲôطأ
޳ȻЦŴȤǲ˼ɿ˻þҼǵʱ͵͵˵ǼһϵζϤ
ӣ˵ġСȷʵԪЩԨԴô㲻ţ
ţҲš˵˵ô£
ԪֱˣƤҪ֪ôʮˣ˼ҵļǻе˻ģӦ֪𣿡
ڹ֮ϣ޳ԲԪĶ֡Ԫ˵ǵһ󼤶ԪȻʮǰϹйϵ
׷˼ѹ£ʱӺ׺Ŀģ̇ͷ˿ǰһľֿ׺ҪȰ뿪ǰǾȻ仯
ֻǾһȦȦƣǲƻһɢͻȻɫ䣬һƬ׹⡣
ǰ׹ת˲ţ޳۾ӦչǰľȻһƬտĲԭ
þ
еһӦ뷨ԼδƬԭ֮УվԹһ㡣
һҹһȻվԭأ׺ԡģֻһ־ѡ
龳龳Ԫ鼤غ
龳޳ǰʼ仯ľȵؽżгἰ龳֮޵ǿ߲ܹĻþܽҪѶϢӰõķӡ
ǳ֮֮Ƕ֮Ǵ˵λڶ֮һľ硣磬ֻֿɽӣ졣
޳û뵽˵Ȼġ龳Ĵڣǲ˵֮жʱһɸӸԶ־һյ
ʱǰ龳ѾʼĻ棬һڻطŹĹһ㡣ƺһκڵĻ档࣬Ҳֲŷζڲͬ϶ƽ͵Цݣһһ̸Ц
һ̣պȻһֻ޴ĳһʱضɽҡɽӱѣЩŮŮֲŶӡ
ֻս޳ֻЩ޴ĳһţÿһζ޴ķˣ̼㽫һɻҷɡ
ʱһ紴һ㣬Ȼ䣬һӾǾ޴ĳֻϡֻһ£ֻһ£ǳͱ飬ͬɻҷɡ
һŽӰ֮С
޳һɲǣĽؾһɼȵӿͷҲ˵嵽ʲôֻʣǸˡ
ˣߡʹʱܲɢƣ龳ᵽʱġ
ֻЩԭ޴ݲеض־ȫ޵һ˳֣һɹǿս⡣
ߣ޳кȻð仰һᵽΪһ޵ǿӦþеƣ
ʱԱߵ׺Ȼһƺ޳תͷȴ׺߬ȭͷ˫ضŻеӣȥǳ
޳ѯһ£ȴͻȻһ䣬һֻ޴ڻ֮С͵һһֻֻ޴ĳŽ
ղֻ޴ĳ򣬾Ȼֻһѣ
ʱǽһ˫͵ǰһֻ޴ȭͷɽһ㣬ֱֱسųѹȥ
ֻһɲǣȻ顣ȭͷŴҶȥ֪һʧԭءһӰ
һͳŽžž˦Ʒ磬һ½ֻȭͷҳ˷ĩͬʱһԾϣصһ¶ƴ
޳ֻеɽ˲顣˾Ȼͬʱ˱仯ֻͻȻͣͻͻðͷ­Ҳһֻһ˲ȻͷԳģ


1224 ׺ٴʧ
ԳǾԳһֻԳһֻɫԳ
޳˵һһжâ¹ŵɽµİ׹ǣãڻþм˻棬һֳ
ͷҪըһʹȴһܶ
ۿ龳еĻһֳ¹ŵصĻ档ͷ޴һ޶ܾۼһҸľԳˡ
ǻ֪ΣվҪ٣ȻڿֵؼƻԺ
ӣӰ޳УƲסȥֻؿֻԳС
ɱŰɱŰԳֹɫԳٻĸ·סΣֻؿɱ¾
һ޹ľԳ˺ѣСģδģһ⣬޳ǷĻ棬۾ѪһƬᶼɺɫѲѺۣϢʹľ
棬þеĻһģһֻɫԳһħһ㣬ϵﴩ
ЩԳеĿ־壬зŭǷ𷴿ȴųȥͱһ顣
ľԳֱֱسźɫԳȥһˣһϣûһûһӡǿ־ȴȻ¸Ҹ
ʲôԭ£Ϊһ屻ɱΪʲôӣ
޳źӰ򲻹Ӱӣ
ʱǽɫԳϺȻһƬҫ۵Ľ⣬ϿҲűһɫϡֻһ˲ľԳȫһƬ⣬ǾȻȼ꣡
޳ɫԳڶźĿͣҲҪ
һȺ޳ѪʹԸӡ
ûһܡǱսϵʿҪجΣǰ̵ǰ塣ʬ岻ϵӣһСɽһ㡣
Ǿǰ壬ϵ¡һߣɫԳѳ׷ͷ­ʶ֮ȼգźɫԳ
ɺɫԳȻ͵һƣѻɽʬȫУֱֱسŽɫԳ˹ȥ
ɫԳ쳤Хһ⣬ֱֱسźɫԳȥʶ֮ȼ£һ˲Ҫը
ȴǺɫԺͻȻһ䣬һģ
ǽɫԳǼʲôֲ飬ȻֱֱزһԱߵһɽ֮УһײһޱȾ޴ӡ
ǸǸԨǸϹԨ
ɴʱ޳ȴȫǺɫԳӡضıӰתͷϤĸоԽԽǿңҲԽԽԽԽʹѾԼѵ
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龳ĻζģУ޳ɢȥ޾̳֮УǺɫԳһùǼܡϴһֻʯ֡
󣬻һζŤһпʼʧ
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Ԫѹżȵʹֻࣺ֪Ҫָʵҵڵҡȷ֪ˣ˰Ҫȥ
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ô˵ԣҲԡԪظ͵龳һãܽȥùۿ߸ͬܡ¹ŵ֮еĻþֻ龳һѡ
޳Ȼʡѹֵһ̤¹ŵرܵһɼµıߡǸҴҲΪһʱܲס˶ݣŻιȥǸþ֮С
ʱԪ˵ҵսŵأ͸оһ˿ϤζҲ龳йء㣬ҲģһЩ
˵ɫȻһһؽСӣԪڸ˵һҪ顣꾳һĵطԵɺϽʵԵܴȻҼǵòǺ»һЩӡ棬вٺö
޳һϣܹһЩĴС
ʵ׵ò˵Ѿһ㡣ĵҲԽԽǿҪǿ
ԪصؽûҲȷȥ֪ˡ
׺޳Щġ
ȴԪһ͹˺ԼɡλѲ򵥣Ҳçײ֮ˡղ㣬û龳ԵͱѪˮˡԣµġ
޳ٴοһѾָ׾״龳ĬĬؽ汻棬޳ʵ㹻һǰȡ
ͷҲصǰȥ
Ԫֹˣҿ㣬ô׺Сӣȫ˸Ƶġ
޳һ𣬶ЦҲ֪֮Ӵһָо˶ңҲᡣ
˶٣ЩؽҵļȻᱳңȴû׺ҵĸоܸоһ˿֡
˦˦ͷȥ룬ר·˵Ҫͨؿ飬Ѿͨȴûп·
ô룬ǰȻš
һź⣬ѪĴ֡ţһڹͬڵĴ֡š
Сӣ治֪˵ûǵù˵еŶˡԪȥôеֻ
ţſܱţſܾţȫһ֮䡣ѡٲ޳Ŷݼ׵鼮мһνܡ
ĬĬʵһǲû·ɻ
Ԫصؽڻȥüһֱڱ仯һſܱţһ̺пѾ·ңǲƥеġ
޳šüǰһһŵǻ˵ûȥ𣿡
Ԫƺ꾳ֻһֱߣû·


1225 
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޳ضǰ飬ĽذǰƳһȪˮ潥ƽ
رۣϸˮ˶ĸƯһƬã磬һжԵƽ
ǰ÷ǳᣬúƮŵˮһ㡣ƮƮԶȥʲô¡
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͵ۣȻǰ̤һĴΣ棡붼û룬ֱû֮Уһ˲Ͷ޾ڰ֮С
СӣԪֹ͸һҹĺڰ
޳ֻоԼ·һûһ㣬Χһںһûû˺ֻʣ껹
ܶһƬյƷǳʱġоʱƯأأ֪δ
֪˶ãоָֻ֫ع飬աǰȻһ䣬һɫȡ֮
գգ۾ɿȥӺƱһɫɴһ㡣Ŀ֮ȫǻһƬ
ӭɫشյĿռڣͻȻһǳ˻ƵϾɵķڷз֨һ㡣
޳ɫһ࣬ķȥֻǰƯһźɫӰӣسƮ
ϸ̽һȴЩӰϸ飬޼Ѱ
ǵһţҲԣѽô벻ˣԪȻȵؽе
һţɣ޳棬ϸѰһ¼䣬ƺûйһɵ˵
֪ԪȴǳεؽǲˣСԼĥɣԪ˺ú롣
˵ţһԪ֮Уһڤ˼ӡ
޳̲סģһǰĵ˵Ҫָˡһ¾ǰ濿
ʱǰĺӰԽԽ࣬һƬɽеһ㡣Ǿۼһѹѹ޳
ꣿ޳ЩӰʱ鲻Խһ¡
ֻǰ飬гǧֻ꣬࣬ޣӦоСͨںڣȫƯڿУһţؿһ
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ǵĿ޳ֻоԼʶ֮бһǿҵ־һǿĺ·Ҫ˺ꡣ
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ˣǶݺݵػӶ˫֣һĲʡ
ͻȻһһ޳ڶԣһǻ˹ȥ
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Ļ䣬ЩԭЩӵĺӰȫƱսһ㣬ֱֱس޳
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үģ޳ú޲ýһ٣㲻ﷴڿɺãЩֱӽΧסֱʶȥ
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ģҲ
ȥ޳˫һѹһһ㣬زסǣȼ
󣬾һ޴ĺڶϵǳǧĶǡ˫չ˫գʶֻʣΨһһɣƴɣ˸´
޳֮󣬾ƴɡһ֪޵׶ʵɣ·Ҫ̾ȫһ㡣
ģٲֹͣҪˣͻȻһһͷ𣬶һžܡ
޳һҪȥæȴЩǼٰˣ৵һʧԭءܴ㶵վסԭأһãӡ
ʱԪȻСӣڣҲҪ찡
޳ֻþ𱥲һ٣һãδ֮У
߹ȥһ¾ļ򡣸˵ȴ˸ãؽ
һáֱӽ޳Ҳˡ


1226 
޳žǷӣʵЩֱӡĬĬ˻ԪǱСӣ֪ܸղ˶ٻ֪´γﵽʲô֪ɶۺĶ𣿡
һü֪޳һʱ֪λش
ԪѹûشԹԵ߶нǧĶǰ֪ʲô𣿡
ȻԪϣۿŵرһƣЩ۳Ļը򰡣
޳һҲ̫ˡԾٴγĵȽסĬĬʵ
ԪȻ˷ޱȵؽﾳ۷壡ﶴ쾳Ҳ˵
ǡ޳һҲ̫ˣ
Ԫܵ뷨б۵Сûʶ˰ɣԶʱڲʲôرѵ顣ֻݱԽԽߵˮƽҲԽԽǲŻ˾ȡ
޳ǳ˳飬ֱʵֱ˵ɡ
Ųϻôõ顣Ȼÿ˶ȥɣǲһͻͽ粻ˣ
ȿȡԪ鱻ǺزڵؿһЩŤؽʵҲǺأԱϱ࣬ᶪġ
㲻˵޳˵ţҪȥٻ𡣾ܺòʶɲܺ
Ԫȴ̶ֹˣʱȥŪɢ
Σ޳ҧгݵغÿϲڣ
ԪҰһͣЦ˵ʵܼ򵥡ﶼĹɣ˳Ȼá
޳ϸϸ룬ԪԷ顣ʲôЩֵ޳ãؼÿԼ
ˣ뿪ɡΪ鷳ѾˣﻹиֲĴڣٲߣɾˡԪʲôŵؽ
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һյ޳Ȼ˫ۣӻһ⣬ǰȥ
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ΪʲôŮˣ˭£ὫǿŮ˵ģ޳ֻоԼҪˣ
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һ˲޳ͫ͵һЩŵؿǰ档ʲô
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ӵ÷ǳ죬ôùԪصٶȡһ̣ͱ˷Ļסȥ·
ʱԪԪУƵؽСӣҷʵͦùģôÿζִ¼Ԫؾۼһ𣬿֮٣ȻˣԲۣʲô
˵󣬺Ȼŵش޳̧ͷȥҲԭء
ֻǿķ֮󣬾ȻͻȻһǽһɫ塣ԱߣˮԪڻƮʱʱس֮һЩ
̵ģԪأСӣˡļֱǰ
޳ü˻
Ԫ鲱һܰ
޳ǷˣһʩչӶݣһƵʵ㲻ǶôŪظ֪Сһ㣿
үүģھȻпոҳЩԪѵõسһЩ־壺Ԫؾۼ൱ප쾳簡㿴ûǻ໥ֺһѣǶҪ꣡
⻹˵޳ѾܵԪ֮۵û뵽ȻͬʱԪء
ľˮԴԪءܹ޾ĻûϣͬʱͬıǸЩԪأ
ҲǸᣡ޳˫һУпıһƻ
Ԫ鶴Ϥ뷨붼ûطԵɲһŪãͻǣԪүҲᰡһôûɣһ
޳Ƶؽڿ²˵㣬ҲЩԪ׷ϵضô𾢣Ѿȫˡ
ɲǣ޳Ѿӵ˼£ɻǰѲԪءֻҪռڣǱܹ͸޳ܣ󶼻ᱻ׷ϣ
ҲܷҳڣղҲһͷײȥˡԪ˵ţԼЩҪôףǾͲᱻ׷ظֻһˡ
ϻô࣬ǿôƹأ
ҪָˡԪؽ
޳ֻʩչȫӴܡһռڣĸ򣬶ܱѰԪصٶȣػҪ죡
ȻˣǱҵķ޳ݵ˵
УǼֱԲۣѻ죡Ԫ˵һ룬Ȼؼ


1227 Ԫشս
ѻ𣿡޳ĬĬӲԿص¡һ˲͸оԼҪըˡ
ϣ׺֣ÿɫռһطŪظһһ㡣֮ºһ䶯ȥޱȡ
汻Ԫѻ˵ˡЩԪĻҲ֣ȫڸղһɲǣȫ޳ڣΪݣʼ˷ɡ
޳оһֱֽζһëǶʼȻĸоһ㱻֧󱻱룬һֽԭĽṹ
޳ҪѹƣֹܹǵѸɡʱԭеĻˮԪأȻҪĿֵԪںһ
ںϣ޳¶һЦ͵һա
Ԫرһƣ޳ϸ֮Сʱ޳һתΪ裬ֹǽһںϡ
бһɾ޴һȻԪظһ֡
СˣԪȻ޳ȻԪظԪ֮У⡭ǷˣҪ֪Ԫһǽ췭ظױ飡
޳һ߼ѹƣһصȻԶʱڵģⶦӦҲԶɣ϶ܽʵװôһӦòɣ
ͷԪôУСȱȱãԪؾۼһ𣬿ǻᷢǳֲĺ
û˵꣬޳Ȼϵأ
ôʲôԪɴۣʵ
û޳˵ţ͵һһŽľˮԪظԪ֮С
ԪôСҳȥһ趼ϵ㣡
һһڿԪ֮ϣ͵һȣٲ
ʱЩԭԪ֮ҴܵԪأʱٲԷֿ⳯ٲȥ
Ԫһһ߿ʼ
޳㿪ʼȫʱĿѾǰ׼࣬һһ˿ѹסԪأһһڵؽա
ЩԪطǳǿҪʱǳǿԪһ̱ˣҲҴ⡣ֻҽԪ²գɿѹơ
ˣȻ鷳ЧȴǳáûãԭľͿʼƽԪҲ䵭ԭͷҲʼ١
ͬʱԪ齫Ԫز޳ڡʱ޳һ޴ıһ㣬ղıأҪԿ򿪡
ԿףɱԪءǵĽ룬޳ԭδĵضҲԾֻоԼһأ¡¡һ㱻ڿչ¶ǰ
СҪסԪѾֹͣҲ˵ζЩԪز޳һƷγǡ
ֻǡ
üССںϣȻĻб֮Σ
š޳ǳĵӦֳ֣һּѹʣԪأһֱ
ѾеԪصȻЩԪںֳַӦԪء
ԼԭеԪһġԪŶͬԪس˹ȥ
䣡
޴ĺ޳ʶڱըʱоͷʹѣҪ˺ǼԪڽмҶҪ塣
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ʱһǿҵ־Ϊģһܱȥͬһʱ̣رһϢֱֱسںϵԪس˹ȥ
һűӿļ֮ˮĴӣһ˲ļһƬҵ洫
޳৵עԼԪ֮УֵԪ͵ѹȥֻһ̣ԪؾͽЩԪظŰסʼƴ
ڣ޳ϳעһǿһ־ԽԽ͡һһƬ޴սѳȥΰչܡ
ԪһЦСУҷˣ
Ԫ˵ţ㿪ʼٲ
ʱ޳Ѿ뵽һǳ״̬·뵽һƬսĿռ֮ڣԼս⡣УһжС۶־ƴɱսʤʤ
ʱսһǿĺ⣬һƬս৵ΧסܱߵһС
һ֣ڵԪ˪һ㣬һ±㱻Ԫʼںϡ
ˣںһ㣬ƶִ̼
žžžˮһ´ڱֻоһ𣬶ΧԪر㷢Ť
ӣ޳ЦһƬǷɿסֻһ̣ԭޱȵԪأ类µĺһ㣬ɪضţսȫޡ
޳˫һ񣬴ȵգ
ʱܵͬһƬ֧ͬһƬ޳ģһжӿȶ
ԪһӱʧȥģȫҪӿ޳ڡʱ޳·һУһһ
ԪԭȻԪؿݽ߿տϸһ鿴ЩԪؾȻ޳ӿ˹ȥ
Ķʱŵע޳жС̫ˣȻԼ廯¯ҪЩԪأ
û˸㵱ʱˣҲֵںϣСһ㣬һ£ȫֶۼ
çײ̫çײԪ鲻סҡͷòϣ޳ɺݾˬ·𿴵ϣҲҪˣ
ʱ޳пûô뷨ܼ򵥣Ҫںϣںϣ
ҧתԪصתԼľΪͨ͹һϴˢԪأһ㼷ѹһ
ģЩԪرƽǿʼת
ʱԶȥ޳һһ㡣Ƥµľɫâɫϱ仯䶯ͬһ
ǸԽתԽ죬󣬾Ȼ缱һ㣬ɿش
ͬʱһƬǿγɡɱ¾սˮȫɿת
ǻۼڣһһš޳˫ͻȻ⣬̻һɢһ֮С
¡¡
죬޳Ϸ·һ޴˺һܵߴ
һɣɣɡʮɣɣǧɡɣأ޾
ʱһУһУסһУ
ϨЪ
ֻ߲ӵӴκһжС죬أף
³ϷʱΧһ޳ӿ롣
ˣ׷ˣԪоԼҲҪˣʶһ˲˲ضĶʱĸ֪У޳һħһ㣬أΨҶ
ʲôգȻ޳һֺɸֵĸоѿСʵˣ
Ԫ㶣һԪ֮ڣոﰥ
̣Ԫ֮ڱһƬС͹󣬶ǹһƮԪ֮ϣâЩ޳յʱԪ֮вӿ롣
ˣ޴һײͬʱӴĳ룬ܿռѾ𶯣б֢״
Ԫ˷ͣŬҪˣ
˵꣬кȻһŭ𣺡
һ׵ն֣޳ֱֱ˹ž޳ûӦ㱻鷭˳ȥ


1228 ռ
̸ܣ͵Ϯʲôúֵ֣ΪԪүү㰡װŪģӿ㣡
˷ˡ޳εȰ
λ嶼ѾһʱˣȻлʱӦҪôȥŶ԰ɣ
ԪЪ˿˵סǵӿռ䣬Ǳˡ
˵Ǿɥ
޳һ̽Եʵط鷳
ԪףȺϲģ˾ˣʲô־Ҹģղ͵ϮǵĿ϶һ˲д־ߣȵԪүָʵһֻ־ţ
ôȥɡ޳ؽ
⺢ӣôǸСӲˡԪؽ㿴ôôһѽ
޳͵׺һ˿ΡҲ֪׺֪ӵȥˡһҪٶǿʵʸ飡
ʱ־߰Ԫ˵˵ʲô취ܹ뿪
뿪ëûʲôӣܶ𣿡Ԫûؽ
޳ԶʱЩȻʱ屻ƬռƮšȻȴƱֽһ㡣ֻܷһ˿׵Ƿϲʱһ
ѾþûиܹСĸоƬռ֮ڣоԼ˵С
ԪҲòȥӿռĿռ䷨ͬЧõ˼ơʱʱ࣬ĺݡ
ԪϸĥԼϱ˳Ȼһţ˷ܵؽпռ䶼ԪɣԪؾҲͨġֻҪԪأʹڡղŲͻ𣿡
޳һ𣬸ղȷʵͻʲôʱֻɣûü鿴ͱһ׸ط
Ԫϸ˵ڵԪ֮ʼת
ɱ¾Сս⡢ˮȻ֡ǸΪӪ档
޳ѵصֳֻעɫ֮Сǲһ仯ûСǶذԭأһҪںϵ˼ûС
޳ƣĵֽǿ˼֡úַȻûб仯
ô£Ԫ鿴Ծæʵ
޳ҡͷˡ
ˣԪ龪ֱ⻹ܲģҸղͻˣ⻹ȥģ
˵ţʶ޳ϸϸһ飬س죬ֱˣСӣԳˣ
޳һҲطˡǰֻŶһЩΪԼΪԪһЩû뵽
ֻԪȴط֣һöûС˲°ٴ֮òԪ齲ǵ˳Ȼˡ
Ԫص̾˿ؽҲֻˡ
ǲ֪ƬռƮãģΧĿռ˱仯޳оԼʱ֮ϴʱ
ǰһ棬ԼģҲб˵ġŶ̶һ˲ǾһֻһԶ
ǣƬռ䣬ȴԱߵһƽпռű˵Ĺ¡Щռееĵеĺȶеĵ
޳ֻоԼֻҪһ㣬ܽŪ顣
ʵϣҲôġ
ھһȥǳĿռʱͻȻֳ̧ǲռһָ
ˮԪɵĿռ䡣޳ֻоָͷһͻȻһ٣⾡ˡ
ꡭһıžĿռ羪һ޳һ˲㶣ֻһ㣬ȻĽǿռˡ
ϲٻԪ飺ռܹ顣һǳȥˡ
ȱ̫硣ԪһͰˮ˵ʲôȻĿռŤ
Ȼһ飬غСӣƿռƽ˰
Ļ䣬޳ǰȻһ޴Свתһ¾͹ס޳
ǻȥ޳һɲǵ뷨󣬱ֹĵߵǬ
ֹ֪ȥãǰͻȻһһ˲һƬĿռˡһ߼ʣ޾İס
ֻһɫڴѩǵѩɽ֮һ㣬ˣ˫Ŀʼʹ
޳æ۾ȥ̽·ȴϲطֻ֣ˡ
ʱԪȻĵؽƺоϤ
Ҳ޳һؽ
ҷҲϲӦ˵ҺᣡԪȻߺ޵ؽ
޳һæʵôˣĻþ
ǣҲ˵壬֮СӣϿҳ·ԪүҲϲԪ㼤
޳Ҳϸ̽Ƿлþ꾳֮󣬵ȴ֣˵سԪ֮û
̧ͷһãã磬ϣʼĴѰ
ʱԪ״̬ǺܺáԵúܼһؽ޳㣬
޳ƵͬʱҲٶ˼¡һɫһ㣬һƬâд
֮һӰ
ȥ̽졭Ԫ˵һ룬ס
Ԫ飿
޳ҪͻȻһԵش߶壬˲ﵽǿ״̬
ʱԪҾ֪Сӣ군ˡ
ʲô
ԪشΧȻһɿ磬һرǿͻȻ
޳˫üһšʩչԶնȥֱ죬·һֻƴķһ㡣
ʲôɻһ̽Ķʱһ
Ȼһ׵ĺڶʱſѪڡǺڶĿԽԽٶȶ죬ڶӰΣٶԽԽ
޳ȻһٶӲһЩɱĹķԽԽԽԽǷ紵ϣ絶һ̴̵ۣ
ٶȣٶȣԪ鼱ˣסؽлʲôһ㡣
⵽ʲô޳ӱʣͬʱԼеĵƶһ飬ɲ֪Էʲô֣
ȱЩˣӾˣԪ鼱ô󺰣Լ˵꣬ɥؽӲģӲģ
һҲԪ飡޳ǲǱɥǸˣɻûѯʣȻһʹ󡰴һϵƬ
ͬʱоԼǱ˻һƤһ㣬ͷоͷƤƵˣ
ʹϵʹ˿־ʹֻоԼҪһ㣬ѣ
ˣ·ҲԪ鴫Ⱦˣͷһһжòʰ
оԼĵﱻƿৡʸһ㣬Ķȫ˳ȥ
СӣԪȿСԪȻֱֱǺڶзȥ
󣬻һСǡ׻ʡǰɽȼ޳ڵȫ˳ȥطڶ֮С
ҲҪһΣԪѾ񣬺񷡣ֻһɲԪȫûڶ֮Уһ±ʧȥӰ
СǼҲû룬޾غڰɵӰ١
ǾȻȥˣ
޳׷ҲܲʵžʹתӣضǾ޴ĺڶȵ㲻ǺϲΪβҲˣ
ĶȻȤһһ㣬붼û룬Ͷ˺ڶ֮С
С㲻ܸ
սǿ̣ȻԪ龪ֵĽ


1229 
ҵˣΣ޳˲ûڶ֮Уʱо׹뵶ɽ֮һ㣬类ǧѵ٣ʹ裡
СӣǡǡԪԪ֮ڣǾҵͷתѾ֪˵ǺãǼȸжΣСӣֻؿռ䰡һжᱻΪԭΣ㡪
صһ̾Ϣڸղűڶһ̣ȻһĻ£һĻʹ¡ֱʹ࣬û뵽֮꾹ȻҪٳһ飡û뵽޳ⱿСӾȻܲ˵Ҳ˽
뵽˵Ҫ棬ô취Ūȥ˵Ҳˣǻָ˭
Ҳʱȥǣ޳ЩƵؽҲһ岻취뿪Ȼп߶
֪֪뿪еʵ
ԪؽҪ֪õ㣿ֻؿռԼ̶Ĺͨʱ֮ţпͨδҲпܻصȥ³֮ϵſĿռ䣬ǵѹת
磡޳ܲѣȻһĴڣ޶˵һɾηЩӦģԪĻһŵ
˵طܹͨȥδ޳ЩʵܹصȥǲǿԸıһЩʲô
ⲻص㣡صǣǳȥʱ˷ǡδãǻΪҪǻصȥǾֻۿţʲô鶼ˣǡŵУҪԣԪ˵Ǻ꣬Ѿһһ
޳һ漴Ȼصȥܸıʷǲȫˡ
ǿа취ȥδһ㶼ȥкܶȥ޷ȥѾ١
Ԫؽû취ֻؿռҲһǴҲǳңỹиģǲ
ԲۣôˣԪĻ䣬ԶͻȻһ
޳һϲǰɽǼһˣæʩչǰɽȥɻûǰȻһɼǿС
ԪֻؽеСã籩ˣⶫǱҪú顣
һɲԤȻϮ޳ͷһ˲͸оԼͶ뵽һ޴֮УһľĴʹ˲ϯȫ
ϴԲۣʹǰɽԶʹذȻҲһ籩֮С
ס취㣡޳
ϴǲǱƥ׷˰ɣǰɽǵ֮ǰԯɷ׷֮һط˹ȥ
ǣе鷳һ¡޳˵һ仰Ѿͷ󺹡ʱ·һǿѹռʶǱš·һ㣬ϵؽšɡ
оԼҪšˣ
ʹµʹ䶼ųʹǶĿ飬һ㣡
СסԪһ߽ŵغ籩־ŹȥõܴߡҲܹͻתҲ˵
ת޳һջʵ̫޴ƽҪͻƵת֪Ҫ꣡
ҧԴСȻ޷ӱܣǾ͡սɣ
Ѹٽһ𣬶Źסʶе֮֮𱻽ǻʲô棡
ʱһӴϢڱų纣Хһ㷭һɾˣ˲䳯籩ȥ
䣡޴ײ̵öĤֱ죬ʹͷƤһ飬ʶ֮Ǳݺһͷһ
˻Щ͸綾һ㣬ҧʹֻһϰѾľ״̬
ܾЭ޳ʹһѵصҪľ뾭֮Уת
ģһɵ֣һصϣһһ䶯ٶȼӿ죬ǽؿʼŨ
ৣҪ͸ռһһƿ֮졣
޳۾ԽԽǿҵѹϸı仯ʱһ˯ѣһѹֵһһײ塣
һܹһеֻҪʱ㹻ͻƣ
޳мᶨƣصⲿѹ֮£ϼѹԭЩʵϴ򣬲ǿģһѹӳ
СӼͣԪָԪ޳Զŵע޳ǰɽȣԪʱ״̬Ҫ࣬ûб籩֮С
ǰɽǶԶȻǰɽĴֻ籩м䣬弱תͷֱȥһֻ⬡
޳Уȳ
ʱ类ͻȻƿƥһ㣬âɡǲӲӽ⣬ҫ۵ͬһ̫ΧյһƬס
ǣһݵӲĴ죬ͻȻһأ
һͷŭںУÿһһصɽֱֱѹ޳ꡣֻôһ£оͺһЩιȥ
طĪǻзƣðһɺ⣬ǿɾ׶༪ˣ
ⲻǷơС㲻Ҫ£ֻǽƽķѡͻԣ֮Ҳͻƣڻ£Ԫ鼱ؽ
͸һ˷ܡӸղŵķӦ޳ĽչҪ࣬Ҳгȥϣ
޳ǳһ裬ȫųרĳ
ʱоһƬ֮УƯƯҲһ㡣꣬ȴھһ˺ѵۣʹ¡ȴĪظܵһ˷ܡ
ûһɴδй˷ܣһڽ˿ĸо˳ŹˣһƬ̹;оԼ걻һſԭֻһصʶ˿ܹͬƬԪ½һ㡣
оһƬã֮У֫ж÷ǳΧЪֹѹһжͬһ㡣
оԼѸٳ󣬲ϳ󣬳ñ컹ߣȵػ㣡죬أ磡֮ÿһռ䣡һ̣ܹһ㣡
һߵԪ飬ŵϴǲšǰӰأһ޳ӰӣһһӰ֪ģ͸֮ϣϾȻᣬ丵ɢżµʹ
֣촽ţȴһ仰
ʱ޳һȡ
ƣ
ʱΪģһɫͻأĳ֡г˳ʱһתַɿʱһת漴һ۳һŽɫವطɵǰһûü֮С
޳ֻоʶһȣͬȼ͹һ㣬رȼ
оԼͬһ緢Ļɽ۵زðž޴ˡҵջ
Ԫ鱻ͻ״һؿ޳ϱһŽɫĻ棬ǻһ㣬˲Ƭռ䡣
֮ľһ˲䱻ȼޡ
Ԫغǵģˣˣ
ȻʲôеСӿͣסȥٵƬռ䣬ǻҷ𣡡
䣡Ļ䣬ΧһƬ޴ĺɽѣĩһ㡣
Ԫѻ죡޳غҪơûжΧȻһꡱ
ֻصһƬռѸٱѡһɾ޴һ㳯Զٷȥ
ģⷽ򲻶԰Ԫ
޳ĻʲôԲԣֻоǰһ㱻һɾ޴˻סζһǰȻһһš


1230 ּ
ɫ֮ϣһġ֣Աߺɫ֮ϣһ֡һţû뵽ֻؿռ֮⾹Ȼһط
ʱԪԪǰɽҲƵ֮ǰ۵رȥһƹƹ֮ԪͻȻܳΧŹЦСӣСȻǸǣǣžȻ汻ˣ
޳ڼͻƣüʵǰ˵ŷǳ˵ãһ㴫бΣôʱֻһ˵
ʲô壿飿޳Ļ䣬ǰɽͻȻԪ֮Ҳ֮ͬܵǰֻΧԪؿš
ԪүҿɲǶ顣С޸߿ҪҸС̸Ԫǳŵһ˦֣ǰɽ͸һһ㣬һɿεط
үүģǿĶ飡ǰɽһͦݵתٿԪֻܽԶԶؿ̾
ԪһۣקקصСޣҪٸĿ⿴ԪүҾֱӽˣ
ǰɽܵԪϱһɼǿϢһ£תվ޳ܵ۸Сϱһ㡣
ʵǿıǴүȺúʱһҲŵĶú̸̸ڸղʲô籩ʹһЩİʵС
ǰɽסеļúһǰջ
ǰԪѾ޳̸
СӣȻǰ˵ǳѵãҲһǳյĵطճͷŵʱͿ̿㽫Ԫ½ȥһ룬һЩ֪طˣս
޳ǰɽжһԪ½жѲǿ󡣾ȻȥԪ½ɼǿֲ˺εȵĵز
޳üʵŵǺִУ
Ԫɫһ࣬ؽţ־Ľϣﵽһȫµǰѧ깥֮ͬ
˵һ깥
ҲҲԪʹҡ͸Դޱؽɱ깥Ҫࡣں־깥н⣡
ⶼںϣ޳𶯲ѡ漴ࡣ⼸˵ˣ׶֮ͬͬԴȻںϡֻ˴󵨵뷨һ־ƣֶۣܹܹһ̶ȵѾǳοȫںϣ
޳룬ʵȥǧ£ﻹôΣգ
û㿴ռûԪؽǰƣͻȻףǽǻʼѾ֮ˣ
ʲô޳ȵʵⲻ˴ĵط𣿡
ȻԪû˵ּ޳Ѳ³ԪĪĹϵҺпܱġ
֪ԪȴؽǰȷʵΪˡ
˵ȻԼ޳ĵ˵©졣Ӷ˶ûؽСӣ㾹ȻҲˣۣ
޳ɫһǳؽˣЩѾкóһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ȥáһ취ȥ
ţϴ˵ĶԣͷĥĥôƵġǰɽһɿżʲôģϲˣ
Ԫûذһۣؽ˵ʲôҪɱûǣطɲôýġ
ѽôô裬ǲ͸ǶʡˣȻһŮԸˣǰɽֵؽ
С˸ӣԪþҪ޵غ˵ԪүǶ飬ٸ˵壬ҽŰ
ˣôһˣαظһʶ޳εȰ
ԶԣҪһʶǰɽûûƤغ
ԪʱкӣȻöҪ˵ȴɫһ䡣ϸܵĶæСӿ㣬ǽȥռҪˣ
á޳ԪԪһգɿس嵽ǰǰһһڵţȴɲסʵѡĸ
̡ǰɽͣסŲµؿ޳ǰţѧһʵǰѡĸ
֪ԪƵؽⶫҰëǮϵûУ֪Ź֡С֮ǰѡһǡ
ôܹ㣬Ҳ̫ˡҪѡ·ˣԪ黰䣬ǰɽͺ
ôϻǵ˽ģѡСѡɣԪżؽʱռǺ¡ԽԽ죬һռʱܲŤ
޳ǰŹ۲һ飬֮ǰѡţΡһһͷ֮С
ϴ󣡡ǰɽæҪ׷ȥȻһɾ޴һģһͷײ֮С
Բۣ̫ӵˡҪϴ߰ʹغ
ɽ޳ǰɽĺУһ붼ûҪͷȥŸջǰһԭ󿪵ţȻϢʧˡ
ģֱһȭ˹ȥܵĿռ֮У˼һ⣬ûвʲôķӦ
ʱԱߺȻǰɽʲôطҪȥϴ󡪡ȻֹȵغϴҲ
޳㶣ָܿ򶨣ޱص˵ͷ
ʱԪүүǣ̵ģǳͷȻĵúܣϲû顣
ǰɽǺ˷ܣܵ޳ǰ˵ؽϴǶû±áղſһһǿռȫ˸
ղ鼱֮лͷһۣ澹ȻһƬڣ
޳ĬĬصͷ߰ɣطЩ֣Լġ
ţסǰɽҲɫСظǰȥ
ǴʱһƬǳĿռ֮ڣ֮ܵУһ֮ɫʴһѤˡ
ǰɽָǲʴⶫôЩ֣һʴһ㣬־òҸоӦǻᶯģôأ
Ļ䣬޳ֱһɲ֮УȻһ̣ǲʴȻƮǲһĲʴƬ֮е
ʱһһΧĿռŤ
ǰɽͣ޲뽫Լϣ
ܣ޳޲һţⱿȻ߷
˵Ѿʩչת˲ʧȥӰǰɽҵ飬Ҳʩչطֱֱ׷ȥһʱ䣬Ƭռ֮Уһһâͻͻ֡ǲϵǰɴܡ
һתһ㣬ϳȥķתһɾ޴м䱬糤һ㳯޳ȥ
Ԫүʲôǰɽæ
Ҳ룡Ԫؽ
ãǰɽҧûľҪʩչȫ׷޳û뵽Ŷ̶̼գ޳֮֮ϱôĲ࣡
עǰһƣ޳ͻȻ˵ͬʱ˫͵ǰһָ⽻ɿؿüģ͵سǰһˡ
ͬʱüĵָһޱȵĳֱֱزǰĽơ
ֻһҫ۵ʹâһ֮ǰһŤ׷ǵһ㣬ʼͷй
ˡ޳òѪ̫𣬾Ȼ߶壡
һжѾܿɶԽӣ˲γһ޴СʱԪ


1231 Ź
ҪֿǧҪֿԪ鼱æ
ʲôǰɽͻȻһʹ죬һӱͬһʱ̣Χľɫʼ仯
޳ǰһѱסǰɽüʵĶ磿
С㻹㱿ͷϲЩҸղžһֱƣطһȻˡҪҲƴʱҲСһˡԪֻؽ޳ȻŵĴա
ڡ޳ĬĬؽҪӦ죬ʱҲȻſˣ
СҪ𾴳𣿡Ԫߵغ
УүڸΣ޳ָѾ仯زĿռʵ
Ԫһֻ̽ѾһƬգǴʱǸ֮УΧһкƶ͸һ㡣
ΧǳҫдСееİ
Ԫ̾˷ܵؽ磬ҲյšҪô죬һһͷôõġ
ţ޳Ǻ档ܹޱȣȥʵûʲô֮ͺƴһƬǿ֮¶ѡ
ҪģͷŹغܣϲŪˡǰҲʶˣٶ˼֪𣿡
ţ޳ǡ޳ǳؽͷһǰɽ
СûʱѲȱķˡʡŵ
޳룬վҲáһǰɽԪ֮Уǰȥ
Ԫǰɽһţûؽ޳СԺʲôӡⶦǺܽģܷȾȻʱƻ˹ܣǶÿ
޳ֱֻŤŻԼЦҡҡͷעǰȥ
ʵһƬǳĿռ䡣߶ΧǳȻҲһƶһһǰƶһһƶȤؽ
ֻ˺óһʱ䣬ȻûбȻһƬǿ֮£ֹ
޳Ȼüͷһ壬һ˿ԾʵԪ飬ǲûж
ŷ֣Ԫεؽ
޳һղȻһֱԭ̤ԱߵǳֻһĲѣΪ߶
˵ƺֱסˡ
ñأ޳š
ȱҺú롣Ԫæֹ޵°ͣ
޳ҲһߴܣһҲѰͻƿڡ
˺һᣬԪȻѽһԴӣǲǰߣ

޳ĬĬתͷȥһΣȻǰˣ
Ҳ̲סλ˵еմʦʵǡͯδҵͯδɣ
Σ˴ſʱǰľɫſʼ仯²ʲôʣ޳ֻ廤壬Ҷ
ʲôطǰȻֵһ͸ʵ
ȥͨǳͷĵ·Ԫ˷ܵغ
޳ٳɣʩչһ档һΣûͣ£ǲ塣һ⣬޹켣Ҵܡ
ȻλϲŪˣһơԼԭ˼άʽͲŶԷŪ
Сŵ㡣һóʲôˣԪѵ
޳һѸֹͣ˶֮Сó־磬Ȼܹ׶Ϥ˶ġ
ʱ룬пܱ㱻µǵȡӦԵĴʩ
ʱԼһȦ˼أ֮߶Χľɫһһֵת
ֻܣһͬһĶģǡЩ֮УȻᷢһҵĺУеصķе໵޺𣬶˵ÿֲ쳣
һл˵ģ̼Ļں档
ֻӻ޳жӣһֻꡱһƹͷԽһ㡣߸һһӣֻ޴ĳ
һ˲һХ汬һɾ޴ķ籩ϯֱֱس޳˹
޳ɫһʩչǰȥɾʱԱӾȻмѹͬ򿪵ĸҪ£һ㣬ֱֱسм䷭ѹ
޳ֻоͷӰԽԽԽԽڣ˵ѹʹ
֮УȻʱѹƣһöˡż͵سԱһƣʱԷ˹ȥ
һӴԵӣһ˶û
ֿˡֻһ־Ƕ֣Ҫżһҵ취ԪҲżס߶գòʲĴˣŪҿôޣ
޳һʩչһ߲̽ܡӹޱȣ̽ʯһ㡣ȫͶȥƻ֮У۵һ£˲䱻Ӱ١
Ӻ£ٶȴԽԽ죬ѹҲԽԽ޳ͷѾк߳Σһס
ü񣬺޺޵̧ͷһͷ֮ϡֻʱͷϷѾֻʣһ͸Ű׹⣬ܺѹѹһƬ͸ž޴ѹ
ͷģԪ鼱ƿڴ̵ģ˵Ҳ˺ùҪǲ뽫ǹƨŴгȥɴ𲻾ͺˣװʲôүүүģ
ʱۿӾҪ׺£޳ȴһ󵨵ľٶ͵ͣסŲȻתԭس˹ȥ
Ԫһ𣬶˷ܵغԣСӣȥǸƴˡԪүһˣҾûͷ³Կһ־ѣҾͲˣ
˵䣬޳Ѿʩչصӿʼֵĵطվţ˼ſգغҪںһƬ֮С
ͷ֮ϣѾһ׺£ֻһ˲˵ؾγһܱտռ䣬һ׹֣һ㣬治ײڻص
ۣǰ׹⾹Ȼȫ޳վķ˹һײڡʱһǿѹڱ̼Ҫըһ㡣Ѫֹס
ҧŬԼ͸ˣſٷſգЩ׹ⲻҪ꣬أһҵ𵴡
ֻһᣬ޳ɫϣϢ΢ҧšȻӲǾţţֻҪһϢһȥ
ԪҲˣֹˡֻ㶵ؿһ׹⣬˺Ϻţһ仰˵
Щ׹⣬ͬ޾ģȻҲס޳۾ӿʼѪѪˡЩ׹⣬Ȼ˳ľߣȫһ˿ʶ֮С
Ѿ赲ֻҧԼȥͬʱԺ֮УȻһĻĻİĻ棬ǻееģȫһ֣һȫûʶ֮С
ţĳţа׹ӿ룬ʶоԼҪըˣ
⡭ǣԪ㶵ذһ͵һԪүүģȻôף
ף޳ҧгݵغæ
ԪЩãؿ۾һֻشЦСӣⶫҿɲ飬ͺúõܰɡ˵ģûôܣɾˡ㿴׹ɵض׼һ䣡
үģ޳˵һʧȥʶ


1232 ŹֵĴ
Ԫգգ۾εҡͷСӣ׹⻹ûأҪģ㿴ֵġ
Ҳ֪˶ã޳תһԪ֮УԪǰɽ졣
ô˵֮ǶԪ
ţСҲǺǰɽȥЩȷ
ǲҿźϤɷһԪֱͯͷ
ǰɽԣɲУⶫǵȥģ붼룡
СôС㿴޳ɱ󷽶ˡ
ǰɽĬ˺ð죬ګګؽϴȷʵһˡǰɽԸһ׷棡
Ҫ׷ʲôã㶼ϽҿԪǻԹؽ
޳ʵȥˣֱӶǰɽԪ֮и˳
ǰɽһ໴ϴҵ˳ɣʲôܸɣܺã
޳Ƴһۣޱʵҵ˳ҪƳɿܵģҪԸֵܣҵǿԳȫ㡣
ǰɽʱƲϴղſʲôͻƣ
۷⣬˺档ǿϹŴУֻûĶһҲĿˡ֪ʯ쾪֪жΪͷѪ
ôϢδı䰡ԪͻȻֵؽ
޳ü鿴һ״ҲЩȡղоʶ֮д䴫УΪһ仯ûУ
ʱʶ֮һҫ۵İ׹⡣һ̽һۺһ㣬ʶ֮жʱһƬƬ֡
š
ǵֱǡš͸һɲɣ֮УԱߣƯС֡
޳鶯һ˿עһƬСֵС
ֻһһ޴ĺʶը죬Щȫ׹⣬һȦȦת
Ű׹ת޳бϿӡϢһĵò֣εؿ̽
֮֮ԿգɾϺ嫡⣬ȡ֮룬֮У֮󶯸УжΪΪҲ
Ϊ
޳һڿգ縡Ƽ֮СܣֵĽɫ⣬һ㻵ࡣ
ԪǰɽһԽŵؿжǽʱ޳ȥһƼĵӼֻҪܹͻǲƼɵɱ䡣
޳û˼ЩʱȫǷһ仰
֮֮ΪÿÿҪ֮ʱ͸оһͻȻúңԶ
Щֲϻ⣬һʶ֮УȻģһƬʲôδץס
ʱġš֣Ȼһҫ۵ǿ⣬һ£ֱֱسʷ
Ρ롰⡱۵һ˫֮УǴġšֱֱ֣ӡüġ
Դ˵һʲôǵˡ
ϴ󣡡
޳
ǰɽԪͬغ޳Ѿ˻ԣô޷ѡ
ϴôˣǰɽżʵ㲻Ǻ𣿿취
лʲôⲻԪһͬʱɿ̽в鿴˻᷽˿û󰭣СֻǳԳˣ
Գˡǰɽ˳ŷһѡ
ЩǵʵǱϴȳȥǵ
ҵ·ԪûؽнţҪȥֻܵ
Ǿֻܵˣⷽռ˹죬ֻ¡
ӱ죡ѻ죡ǰɽûͱԪϡǷˣط˵ʲôͻʲôػµ־һֱڼǣԻǡ³ɣ
ǰɽ죬ϴ֮УĬĬԪ£ҲԪ֮УʼЩ顣
ӷԽԽ࣬ԽԽӡȫֱָԶʱڣʵѰ
Ԫ̧ͷԪխխĶڣʹͼᶨһҪָʵѾܵˣ
֪ȥã޳ڴӻתѣŸջָʶһƣǰ˳ȥ
ϴҰʱǰɽզզؽ
޳һվһ˵Ȼ֪㣬Ȼڻվ˵
лϴ顣ǰɽ񺹡벻֮ǰ˻ͬһ֮ϡ޳Ѿ˰벽ǳ֮ر
ˣϻˡСӣȿЩջ񡣡Ԫ鼤ʵ壬Ȼֱץ޳ˡ
޳㶣ղűôഫкֱ˹ȥᵽĸز
ţȻȷһüͷ߶ȫ̽
ôǳͷָˣԪŵʵ
ǡ޳ҡҡͷɫءЩʧصûκͻơ
ʲôԪǰɽŵʵ
ţʶһЩЩȫûиı䡣޳ޱؽʱв˵ƽҲǲܽܡֶ֮ңòҲǿ
ôûͻƣԪ鲻ŵʵǰзǳͻƣôһûУ
޳Ҳǰ飬æһ˿ĸоȻǰһ㡣Ȼǿûǿ
Щʧҡҡͷû
ôܣԪȫܽʵղ޳ϢԲһ㡣ϸһ鿴ƺ治̽ﲻһ
ǰɽЩãؿˡǰ֪Ĳֻ࣬Ƕ޳˴жûͻһ¸е֣üʵ᲻Ҫʱ䣿ϴŸսܣûӦ
Ҳ޳ؽ
֮УԪƵؽҲֻοԼˡˡͷûаƹû㱾סѾǴȱˡ
޳ǰ;Ԫʲôһ˵˹Ѿԭ֪ʲôȻؿ
СӣԩˡԪܵ޳˼æ֮ǰǵúҲǸղŲͨĺ𣿡
𣿡޳ȻţҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱĴ֪Ҫγȥ
ˡ㴫šҿûмͻ֮
ʱ޳Ԫ鶼ǰɽվһߣŨܵĺ룬һƵؿ޳ϴǿɲԲҪĻ
޳һأЦʱ۾ȻһУֱֱǰȥ
ǰɽһ׷ȥϴҰ
ֻǰһϸϸİ׹֣ԭܷĺɫ֮Уһӳһ㡣
ֻһ˲˱ǵ׹֮ǰ
޳ϸ۲һ£֮ʳŰ׹˹ȥǰɽϣֻԪԪ֮оУСӣʱѷ죬㲻Ҫ
Ļû꣬޳ɾ۵һû˽ȥһɾ޴ֱӰסǣ˦Ƥһ㣬Զȥ
ѻ죡޳ǰɽͬ
СǣǡǳˣԪԭ˵Ļһתϲغ
޳̧۴һܣǾȻһ޴Ĵʯ㳡֮ϣǰΡ׳۵Ļ
û뵽ĳˣ
ǰɽһľɫʱؽڳˡҪˡ֮궼ȥˡԣҹ컯֮Ҫһ
־ԪΨ²ҵغ
Ǵúһ½δݻ֮ʱ֮дһ죬һӰһǺ˹


1233 ٴα׷ɱ
үģôİ仹ҪȥҪȥҵ˰һֿĺһ㣬¡¡Ƭ񷣬󻹴һŭ
һ
޳ֱгһ⣬ֱֱĺӰһӾŵϣЦЦؽ滹
ʲôžص˿ˮոȥ֪ʲôط𣿼ֱҪֲҲûܻųʲôƨڣֱ̫ˣ
ԪڿСӱ˱˻ԣǲһ崫һҲ湻ġһЩУȻ۴УҲ¶
㣡ֱӻһ⣬ûԪ֮Уүүģ飬Ϊ㡣Ҹ㣬ҿɲܹȵ˵ģҪҲˣһŰ㣡
Ȼ˸вԪүԪһ߿ŵЦţһһٲ¡¡չ
мغȵɣԪүүúý㡱
ãһƤǷûطйһǿϢҪԪٲȥ
ӻûٲǰȻһֱֱصȥ
ôˣ޳סϸһ飬δˣȷʵԪ飿
СӸһԳˣԪ鲻ˬֹôûܺúóһء
޳ǳ˳飬ֱĻתȥ׺棬ȷİȫ
ʱĻһƬྲ濴ȫ̽һ˿Ϣߵͽȥĵطȴվ˺һᶼûзӦ
ϴʲôǰɽͷѰʲôֵʵ
طԭһ󡣡޳򵥽͵֮ǰǰɽʱڻԣ˲֪ǰ顣
ǰɽ۷ֱŵʵ㲻ǻȥɣ
׺棬ұȷ
ǰɽɫЩŹ֧һ£ûнһ仰ֻվһԿ޳Ѱҡ
޳ЩܵԪ飺Ľȥˣ
ղѾĿǰõķһûѰصĻ
˭֪أǳͷŹ֣Ҫǲȥ;Խȥ߰ɣСӲ򵥣¡
޳Щԥ̧ͷһǰȫǴʯɵĻЩġ
ʱǰȻһ˿ԭȼʵϵĵãȻҪʧһ
һ붼ûͷǰȥӻûһɾ޴ֱӽ˻
ǿ㺳ǳȻƤһ˻޳жʱһɺ⡣ԷĿǰɿ⡣
ҧһԣԪæֹ򲻿ɣҪӲҪǴĽƣɾҪˣ
Уұٽȥһˡ޳ᶨؽǰĵѾ黯ʱʧڵˡ
ɾٴγ֮ʱͻȻһƬ׹⣬ӿ黯ٶȣȻֱʧԭء
ʧһɲǣͻȻһȻ
׺
޳ͷʯͷŵ΢ЦתǰɽǼ̣Ҳ֪ˡ
Ѿ˺üǰɽûЩ֣ͷȴǰɽվסԭɵš
ֱһϣߡ
ŶǰɽγѣֻĿ⣬ȴ޵ʧĵطζ
ʱԪͻȻֵ̾ĵطʱ䶼̶ʵǺˡǧҪ˵ȻԺɾûаӹඡ
޳ǰɽĬĬͷֱʩչʮ֮пٴСĿ֮һƬɣ´£С
ֻܶͻȻ޳͵һ٣һסԱߵǰɽ˸
ˣǰɽɫҲǰһǿϢѸٳǿ
ˣ޳ʩչطӡԷһ㶼ûϢͼ˲֪ͷųһѹ
ǳ㣡δ޳͸ܵһǿս⣬Էǳġ
ߣӵ𣿡ʱ洫һ޴ĺ羪ըͷһ㣬ʱ޳һģȥ
ǿ깥˵ĺ֮УȻ̺꼼ܣ㽫ˡ
һޣҲһתޣ
޳֮ǰһԯɷȻһȻ˵ΪûԯɷǰҲתнףĳҪࡣ
ϴӲսɡǰɽصؽ
š㿴ȱż֡޳ǰɽڵȻ˶֡
֪ϴСġǰɽܣһͿһԣŻʱѾ׷ǰضǿ
޳Ķʱһ
˾Ȼֻһһӵǳ㾳ķǱʲô磿
޳ؿŶˣֻЩ졣üĿϴһΨĿ
ԯҵˣʵ
еûԯ𡣡Էޱؽ
ԯ𣡡ǰɽһԯݹϵţʮ߰Ѿǳ磬Ϊֻɲ⣬һһĴڡҲΪĴڣڲŻ޿֣ڸ֮һֱߡ
ԭ㡣ô˺͵ܱܵ𣿡޳ʵȴ˼·Էֻһǳķ£Էͬʱһתнޣ㲻òСġ
ǰɽһΪ˷ǳ壬ΪߣӲƴֲúô
޳ͷֱӽȫע뵽ֱ̧֣ӳԯ˹ȥ
ʱǻγһǽһµ֮䡣
Ҫͷ޳ֱһ޴ǰɽ˳ȥ
Ҳߣǰɽۿˣô̰޳ڲˣ
޳Ѿԯϣûչ
ֻԯ̧һɨһɺƮһ¾ͽǽ
޳ؽ·һԲãһȫʬڶʬΣ
ɣϲ˸Ұ·޳ЦӱһһһѸٺ϶Ϊһ˻һ㣬ԯ쭶ȥ
֪ԯ³ĸ̧֣һһżıǽ˲֣޳ֱֱ˹

ԭ͵ĻͣȻ⡣ۿɼٶȣѸٵس޳ӹ
ֻһ˲㱻׶סһıһ㡣
޳ͫһǱסĻͻȻֱ𣬳Լҹʩչ壬һȭصҹȥ
أ
޴ײը죬Ӳһ𡣶޳Ǻͷһ𣬲³һѪ
ԯȻ깥似֮Уղһӣʱһɺ޳ڣһӾľ
úݶ
޳񳹵ױ䣬̧ͷޱؿԯ𣺡Ϊ𣿡
˵ţϢȻǣһǿڣ˲ͽ˵ľ޸һֳǰһգһͨںڵĳС
似ں깥Ҳᣡ
ؾǧɷֱעǧɷ֮УϽⱩǣϢ
ԯԭĵʱЩһ˿졣ȻСϣһǿޱȵ֮
ʱ޳ͻȻȵһ𣡡
ʱһֱֱسԯͬʱ޳ץܻǰɽͷҲصȥ


1234 
򲻹ܣ޳׼ɲɵһûȡʤĿܣƴǳϧԼԲڹܵش
ģԯһȴֶԷֻƣˡֱһƻԱһƬأ޺޵׷ȥ
ǰɽû׻ɵɵʵϴʲôղо޳ϱǹǿϢ
ҲܹĹأ
ͷ޳᣺һҷƴȻͻһΣա
סǰɽȻ򣬸ƨ޳ɷ죬͸ܵһǿս⡣
ʹȫܻҿɲˣ޳ؽ
ҡ֪ˣǰɽҧӦʩչȫǰûضȥߣֻΪ޳׸ѡʱ̣ԼȫǶ޳İο
޳Ҳ羡ʩһһ㣬Ѿģһ˲ƲС
ǿ죬ԯҲ׷ϵͬʱϷһ깥
޳˶پ࣬ǵǰ·ܻһ壬һСľҪʹٶȴۿۡ
ܵ־ܰɣԯֱʩչ죬һʵʵ纣һ㳯ϯȥ
δ޳ǰɽ͸оںһ۵³һѪ
ɽ޳ۼֿץסµǰɽҧһԪ֮С
СӣֽսǵýԪȾǲǣԪߵؽе
޳пո죬ʩչȫӴԯ𶨲ݣ˫һһ˪ֱֱ֮׷
Ǳ˪֮żȵ֮һгɱ޳أѼĴ⣬ۿҪס
Сʲôܣ򰡣Ԫؽеǰǻ֮а׻˰ôҲóð깥־⣬һܹɱСӡ
޳ֻ³֣ûգ
ӴȷʵԯӲӲ˷ʱ䲻˵ŪûˣҪǡ
ǺȻ¶һĨЦݣ͵طԯҵС֣ٶҪٲͣүүҿɾͲˣ
ϴˣǰɽſԪ֮ϣżغ
Сӱ¡Ԫֱһȭᵽǰɽͷϣ޳˷ܵؽеŶԣ
޳ûչǣԯƣʱٶһʱ޳Ѿо׷Ǳ֮Ѿϣ
Сӣ֪ԯȵ屬һҵϢһɸǿҵı˪֮޳͵
Ǳ˪֮һŲƥ֮֮ȫᣬʱ䶼Ʊסһ㡣
޳˲оһ֮ԤУֻҪǺһմϣͻǡ
͵һȣ
ʱĽһ㣬ɫâһٶȾȻӲһ㡣
죡޳ҧٶȣֻܽһʱ
ȻûжԶʹһƿ֮졣ûͷ֪ԯֳˡ
һΣԯǰһһɾ޴ķֱֱس޳ѹǷ֮Уһɾ޴ʱ޳Ķࡣ
޳ֻһ飬һһʹжʱϯȫǿ֮У̺ǿͽ顣
޳ҧ籼ڵĿһ㣬Ѹ֮ʱһů޳оԼһᡣ
һȫڸΧĿռ֮֮ϡ·ʧһֻʣ·
缲ķڵķԪͣȻһɹһƬͻȻȫ
һϲ۾ʱһӿٵصԪأķ໥Ӧʱÿһ綼һƬ𶯡
Щ֮ץס৵һӡھ֮Сʱһǰδеůһȫ

Ȼһ⣬ݵһ£ʱʧԭء
ǧ٣Ȼǧ٣
޳ܲѡǧ٣˲ϢǧϢ֮䣬ܿԽݣٶȣȻڲǳǧžѾͬն
ֻһ˲Ѿԯǧ֮⡣
ԯ㶵ض޳ʧĵطݺݵؽСӣʶĲҪ㣬ȻҶŹ㣡
޳ʱյңǧ֮⣬ǼǰɽѾųʱؿͰ͵̣ϴղһʲôٶȿ˵ã
ǧ٣Ҹ޳ûй֪ǰɽ嶨ȻؼҪҲĴ̡
ǰɽ۾ģûҪѧ˼Եظ̾һֱΪҼҴؼѾµһֻѧղѡֱղҲ֪죬ˣһأ⣬ûֹġ
޳ͷûѧֹԶûνߣֻиߡǧҲֻǳžѣܹﵽʲô̶ȣҲ֪
ǰɽŴͣѾִ״ͻȻֲ޳򽻵ĸоֱ̬һ𣬳Ա
Ȼпģ쿴ӴʲôطˣԪȻؽ
ʲôط޳ֵһжʱһƬȻʧطô˹죿
ֻ֮أһƬ硣ȥ̽Ȼܿܵ
Ȼ죬طǻ纣Сӣ˵㻹ţֵطܹ㴳롣ԪЦõؽ
Ͳһ磿޳εؽܴһ¡ִʱȫֻ֮·
ضղųֱ̫ͣһͷ˽
Ԫ飬طкιŹ֣޳̡ղѾԹﾹȻȫ겻á
ʲôùŹֵģֻǱѡԪνؽԪܵ˺Сรɣ纣һǳõ֮أǰרŽúðա
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ľݽߣζʲôжǳ
¡¡¡ܲϱһ޺Щ޴ڣܵһֻ
޳ֻǰͻȻһضǰһ硣


1235 ֲ
Ϊʳա޳ǰŻ֮ȻΪЩ޻޴ڣ
ѹɻлĵطǣ
޳Ӳʯһ㣬ϲŨĻ֮һƵʱ޳ǰôһֻһɸߣֻ۾һ㣬˸źɫĹâǺɨ䣬ֻһ۾𶯡
޳æƿĿ⣬ɫصǰɽǰ̽Եػӳһȭȫʧܶõıֻ
ǳǿȭ绢ȻֱӴһȭâֱֱײϡ
أһʯײײȻ
⣡޾Ȼҡҡλεزˤ
˲򣿡ǰɽϲغ
ֻŸ˵꣬ͻȻ˫͵סԼĺһ˫۵ɵҪѿͬ˶ס˺ʱѣɫϣһ仰˵
켯ע޳ɫһȭͷǰɽǰһգնĳϵ
ȿȣǰɽ·ͻȻɿغµؿǰʵʲʲô
޳ص³֡û뵽Щ޾ȻҲޣ˿ǿΣˡ
ǰɽɫҲŬסԼ񣬲ٴ⡣
޳һۣͻȻѣֱӳ޳˹ȥȭͷһź޵Դؾȭ

޵Դʱ˰ߣɽ廬һ㣬ʯ黩ֱЩ֮ĵط̵ðֱֱس޳Ʈ
ã޳ͫһɿȥǻ֮Ȼһö״ವһ¾ͳ
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ɣ޳ҪֹѾֻһ˲ϵĻ֮ʹǰɽĽŹ塣
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ȭͷʯϴ޵ԽԽ飬ԽԽĻ֮ðһһ㣬ֱֱش޳ڡ
޳ȴԽԽ˷ܡоȫ类һͰˮཽעһľԽԽǿϲطԼǿȾȻԽԽ
ÿһȭӳڶԼ崸һȭһ㡣һϴ򣬻죬Ϻʵ
ǻ֮ȴıˮϱٴδ
ָоʹš޳ĽӲ̶ԽԽǿҲԽԽȴо̺ԽԽǿҡ
ĸоֳ֮ĸооԼһЩָҪðͷĸо
һߣǰɽ˫Ҳ˷ܵĹâ̶ޣѵػӶ˫ȭҧ˿ûзͷԽԽ˷ܡ
һҵڱ飬ɢڵϣһʧӰ١
ǰɽĨһϵĺһµ̵ģⶫ򣬲ȻǿҪˡ
Ļںͷһᣬúðա޳ҲЩ˷ܣѾһ̶ȣҪͻѾǳѣٴһ
ûе飬Ƭ￪ʼĴ䵥Ļޡʵǲģһһֻз
Ҳ֪˶ãֻоԼľ𽥵رѪڡǼ̺֮ԽԽ࣬ԽԽȣֱһ߻ɽһ㣬ʱܹ
޳ɨһܣصؽһѾĲˣȥĵطмɣȲҪһĿƷ
ڸղŵĴ򶷵Уһǳֵ顣ÿÿʱ򣬻ޱǿüЩС
ţ֪ˡǰɽչһ֫ؽ
ֱǰȥ뿪֮ԭغȻһɫӰͷӰһ̲һ㣬ڵ䶯ĶԶԭʧĵطͻȻҲһЩͬĺӰѸٵسźӰ£
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޳ֻоǰһڣ̡ɲס˽Ųضǰ
ֻǰͣһֻɽߵĻޣֻѪһ۾ɽǰӴ֫ޱȾ޴ɢǿϵĻֱ֮ҪƬռ䶼⣬һǵĹⲨɢ
СӣǾȻһֻޡ治һ㡣ԪȻ̾
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˵ʱſǰɽǸղɱô࣬ǡ
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ᡣֻһĻᡣԪ϶ؽ
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ǰɽҲʾһǰһϵ޷졣
𣡡޺죬ΧĻһһ𶯣Ѿҡ
޳ǰɽ׹̶ں˼ʮֻ޵ǿޱȣֻһͽѪڣûסѪ
ӿٶȣ޳ֻ֣ҪЩ޴飬ܹսᡣӿ춯ȭͷһ¡
ʯɽ鱩һѸ͵˫ۺⱬ䣬͵һХء
ž޴һռס޳ֻоһأصһҵ˵ϡ
һ﷢ˣǰɽѾҰ
ȱ𶯡޳ҧʱÿһͷƱһɽѹţָѡ
ˣˣˣһ̤ÿһõһͨҡΣҪвѹƣʱ޳͵³üѪ
ԴУ޳һΣУһţǿɶˣȭͷ֧壬綥һߵĴɽһ㣬һ
Ĺǽڿ죬ʱܱ顣亹ȴԽԽȡ̺ڼ֮еһ৵һ³ʶȥ
ԣ


1236 ͵
ԣ޳ðһ⣬˫ȭһ󣬶صһһ޴سʶ
ֻһɲǣüľͱһƵĹâʣ৵һ硣
ˡһ޴ĺдܳ˲丧ȫ
һҹǧ滨ɲǼ䣬ԡһ㣬һɾ޴ϯȫһ´ӵϵ
أ޷һҽУ󷢿һ㳯޳ȭ¡
飡޳һһֱֱû޵˫֮С
𣡡޷һʹĺУֻ޴ֱ۲ĴԼ֧ͷ­һ㡣
޳һ㶼ҵ飬һԾͷȭͷͳԴҡ
꣬޵岻飬ԽԽĻ֮ӿ
ѹڵϵǰɽһƺߣһ˹ȥޣȻвǿ깥
޳ȭͷԽԽݡǻ֮ľУѾ׺ԡʱֻһͷ
ղ鼱֮УȻվһⲻǳ֮ƣΪ֣޾Ȼܹɱ˵
ѹ֮ǰͷЩ޶ķӦô֣ԭΪɡҪȴֲңֻȭͷҡ
䣡һ޴ĵʧȥ˷ʧڵϡ
޳ڵϣýżһԵǰɽȴǼһŤһӣ͵غ𳳣˯
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Сְ˸ӽ²ǲǣԪغ
޳ѾȶʼޱĻ֮һ㶼ûӡ
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ÿʼˣ޳һһŲһͷ޵ļ򣬶͵һԾֻһ£嵽˰֮С
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ôǿɲ˷ˡ޳ôһ䣬ֱӷֳһЩȫ˹
ʱ׻һ㣬͵һһɾ֮бľ͹Ҫһ㡣
޳һ˿˷ܣָо
ǲѹƣ뼡֮СѪѸٷӿĺ鲻ҪðһͽȾ˺ۣ
ɽҧѹȡ
棬ȺѾױײԽԽǿҡײ޳θʼ
޳һ˿壬͵طһȣ
ʱϱһɼǿһÿһ֮УѸĺһ㣬סǺֱײѹ
ᣡƤϹѣԼٶϡϵϢʼڽ
ⲻҪģҪģʶķڣ
һʶ׷ſաֻһɲǣ絹Ŀպһ㣬һɾҵֱֱسʶ֮롣
̡ײʶ֮вϺ̵ͷҪըһ㡣
޾ʶϼѹѹʵϷڡ
ڣһڣЩڵֱӻһɾʶ֮޾
Ϣٴתתнףת۷壡
תˣתнףת۷壡ˣˣת
תнסתнףת۷塪ת
ô£ԪԪ֮УѾɵۣ޵죬ȫɥʧ
޳ۣã֮һ㡣ʱʶ֮УȻһƬǳâ貣ԣǳм䣬һȽɫĴţ򿪡
һɫ磬ӽɫ֮ϻ𣬳ɶ
˼һһ磬У벻סֻձܣǽȥÿһ̤֮һ㡣
ҪϽ֮ʱǰȻһмף㻹񣡡
޳ֻо˵һϵϢڽڰˡ
תת۷壬תףת۷塢ת
Ϣ糱ˮһ㣬Ϻˡ


1237 
Ԫ㶰죬Ƶغһ䣺ոȥԪү
ã޳̲סڴ֡ʲôһϣһ£ȫ˻ȥ
ͷزˣʵǡ󲻾
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ֻԭޱȵȺȻʧظɸɾ·Ǵûгֹһ㡣
ʱԶӴоѹǰɽس˹״εĺ̫ϴǸղϴ󡭡ǣǸղʲôֻһ°һЩȫˣ
޳һЩŵʵ˵Щޣȫ
ǻм٣ղʹ಻ȻһֵҾ;һ飬ͼЩڵĻ֮ȥһȫˡ
룿޳Ŀղһĳأ֪׷˺ʱʱǰɽĻ
Ԫ˵ǰգΣ
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˻˻˻ΧһƬƿ죬һ㣬ѸٳŹ֮ȥֻһɲǣ޳ϱγһ©͵У޾ӿ롣
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СǺαأԪغ
Ļ䣬޳ԭسͣ৵һ»ָ˹ֻһ̣һԲصȫ
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ݣԪүҾϲݾԪԵؽⲻ˵򵥣鵽һ̣ʹɲǳܹġ
ҸҪǣ飬̶ͬϣҲꡣ޳ȻУҪѣĺọ̃
޳岻֪˼ΣҲ֪ʲôӡҧһδεس˹û·滻ģȻһδλѪһδۡ
еĹԽԽеļᶨԽԽǿһɱʤľģͬʱصĹâԽԽ貣ͼ֮еͼҲԽԽ·ԽԽ
һжõķչΨһıǣܵŹɣԽԽϡ
޳һ˼⣬ǰɽһץͷͼֱǰȥ
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޳Σòֶˣֻüǰ
ԶԶȥ֮ͺƳһɫջһ㡣صĻ类ֱ뿪ãЩҽһĻ֮ŲѱԭҪϡࡣ
ԪһᣬԪ֮˷ܵغСӼǶһЩó
Ԫ޵׶һ㣬˲֪٣ȻûҪ͵ĸо޳ƵͬʱҲغܡʱӿ첽ǰ
һʱ䣬֮֮·һж˱ܡ
ǰɽѹʱ򣬹Ĺâǰ΢࣬޳ڻֱҪһ·
ǬóһʵЧ
޳ЦؽǰƺЩԾȥ
ʱ޳Ҳ֪ǵ˺εءֻǸղյʱյȻС࣬һ
һƬط֮ҪطŨ࣬˽ʵ״̬޳̧ȥȴǻ֮һһ£ûб
޳ǰɽһۣʼ
ֻ󣬾ƨɲϳǰڡȻЩܹڳûã˾ڳһͨ
ͣ
ĺã
ģǰȻĺ
޳ǰͷһһ˿ϲǰˣ
ǸҲ֪˶ãǰȻһ⣬ͻȻʧȥƽ⣬һ͵˳ȥ


1238 ף
صһƬҳ֮ģǴƬĳֳһ˲ļǱըһ֡
˭ôǴϵģ
ӲǱ˴˵ģôǸ
ҿΣطɲʲô˶ܹģ
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ҶӮˣˣǮͻȻһֿͻأ𣬴һ˿˷ܡ
޳üͷøЩԣʲôĴһԼ˿վһ޴ĸ̨м䣬ΧˡΣƺһ̨
ʱһ˷Ծǰʵ˭ΪλͻȻĹѵ
޳ȥԷһʮӣͦΣĿ࣬һ˲˲ضԼ΢΢һ޳ǰһƬ֮У֪ôͻȻ䵽˴˵ء
˵תȥѰǰɽһ˿ô㰲ˡ
Ѱ˸飬ȻǰɽӰӶûƼĶʱһæӣɿһͬӣ
һɺԣǿûƼ˭һͬӵɫѾǳѿȵˣСȰġȥúҲͨĿܣִԲھȡʸ񣡡
޳ЩˣݣﾹȻǵݣ
Щȷʵ㣿
СӵھȻװһΪжû뵽ҲǸͶȡɵ޳СˣԱС
޳ȴûֻؿǰӡ
û㡣Ϲأ뿪Ը
Ȼ㣡޳в֪ʲôζȻˣ뿪ǺǣЩδҲ̫쿪ˡ
Żʵ޳ֻŪһ飬ҿƼһӣ
Ƥ񣬵ڻװûˣҪ˵һģҶ˼ˡ
ɲǣû뵽޳ȻˣһѺһڵãղǶĽҲҪˡ
Χ˽޳鲻ԽüͷΪʲô鼤ˡ
ʱǰͻȻһɧһӰһǰһ̱˱̨޳һȭϴˡߵȵĶҪˡ
˳÷ǳһ˵ȴˬ֮¶һַǳֿĸо޳һϲ˾ȻǾ
һžʸû꣺ǰɽأСôûһһˣΪǳʲô⣬ȥһءãˡһ죬˿ɾϲˣ
һ죿޳һݣû뵽ʮ羹Ȼôáʱȴüʵղûǰɽһͬ
ŷֲԾæǰһ飿ɸղӿͻȻֵʱ򣬲ûм
޳ʱЩżǻ纣Ī⣬׼ͷʲôʡ붼û룬ͻȻϸ߿գʩչȫ
ֻһһǿѹȫһһεסһ˲ޱȡ
һ̣ͻȻʧ޳档ûѵǰɽϢԲ֮ڣȫûӰͻȻʧֲ
ڳ޲ɫͻ䣬ŵؿ޳ȻתޣмǰֵˣǾȵؽгϸֻתھȻȻ
Ѿ޻˵ٶʵĪ
޳˼ȥ˵ʲôת뾰Сȥ飬һҪҵɽ䡣飬Ҵ˵
ãȥ·ǳĸɴ࣬뿪˱̨
ߺӼˣھ뿪Ҫ˱ԡ
⡰ݡĵһһʮءÿһصı䳡أһƬС֮УЩӣһһѣһ㣬ηݡ
ģӦǵһС硣
ȻӼ޳ؽѵȻǵһأ̭ͼŪ֮ȻѾ𴩣͸ԼӣϿ뿪
޳üޱʵʣ޳Ū٣
ߣӲмһֻۣͨΨһһǱǶĵ̨ÿһλߣ¼֪û޳֣
޳ʵΣ˵ΨһͨǾΨһˣҿģȷֻһ
㣡ӱʵ࣬߸ҳѿ࣡ǲֻܱ֤ͨһ߱ӵ̨֣㡪طߴף
˴󣬵ұ㿴ʹù
޳ɨȥ˵֮˱ǵյͷ켶Ա֮ˡǺǣܺãȺĹεĶ
͵ǰ̤һ˲䱬ȵǸղſɿдĹâ֣˭涨ǵôӵݳ֣ģǻģ޳ǲԸ߹·˭ҺΣ
ǿʶָ·һ̾Ҫ޳ȥ
޳Ŀһɨһ׶һ㣬৵زʶ֮С
ͷصһˤڵأȥǳʹࡣ
޳ǰֱһ̤ϣɨ̨£Ǹˣ޳ӻ纣Ͼأ˭Ҫǲս޳վʵ
һ㣬죬õ˶Ĥʹͷһһ㣬һСЩ޴֮£鲻Խصͷ޶˵ؾϷ
ݵľĬ֮ͻȻʧ纣˵ĿǴ˵سΪʵĻ纣
޳ףǣ
˵ǻ֮ԶʱڵĴڣʮꡣ翲˵ڷǳա˵δҲ̫˵ɣ
ԣʲô֤ݣ
޳Ȼмؿ˵֮ˣǻʸ֤ʲôոˣҿǼʶʶ
߰Ļһɼšһ̣޳ϱһɫֻһɲǣһŽʣΧϡ
졭磿˼ؽȫš
мʶӵܣֱӹڵأ״Σǻ֮Ҵ漮Ͽԣ⻹ǻ֮ǻ磬̺ǡû뵽ϾȻֶ
޳¶һЦݣ޺ؽûǻ硣Ȼô棬ĳվ͵£ôҶʶһ¡
䣬ӿɴɵĻɫѸײڶ֮ƳӶȥ
ԪԪ֮УһͷŻ֮һ˷ֹܵСԽԽˣôõĶô˿أǵģЩСආ˿Ҫ۵ġ˵಻˼ôˣĺǣ
˱ԡӿٶȣǷ־ˡ޳
һ̣ȺԭڼĤ֮֮УмͻȻ羪һźã֮ã


1239 ûף
ãã֮ΧȺУһ˺ѷεĺ·һߣصȼ˻ҩ
һ£ֳ
ļ̶ĳײײϴһֲһ㡣
޳ȴ罫۾ϣ㳲ѹסҪĴݵĻ֮ǻ֮£һ˼
磬֮ʼһԴڴҲڴˡһԴԴϵ֮Уһɹɾ޳ڡ
Ԫһգһ߿ӣСӣ̫ˣ˼಻ףһӾ͸ˡ
ţ˵ĶԣӦøһЩ޳ǳػصԪУһգȻֹͣա
СӣʲôʱôˣԪʵû֪Ͳ˵ˣ
޳ֻЦЦûн͡ԭҲѵһ£ѣ潫Щ˵⣬ǿ漤ˡ
Ż֮ʧֳ˶ƴˮ̳һ㣬ٺſڵϣŴٿ޳УѾ˾η
޳佫ǿһ飬ʵ˭ʣһգĳϣʲôᡣ
ԸŭԡЦô̬Ķ˭ʣ
޳ǲ˵ȴЩˣǻʲô
ʱԶһĺ޳СакͬȻԲѣ浱ûεˣ
޳˫⣬һӱ㻯һ⡣һ̣֮Ȼһҵĺ
һҫ۵ĺһ㣬ɲǱѡ޳һͷֳ˱ӣһɾ޴սһײǱһǿҵ𶯣ΧĿɢ
ԯɷҪȥ㣬㵹ˣձҵ̤ʯ޳зɿشע⣬˵߳һ֮ԯɷ˹ȥ
ʱȻڵĳϡ˵¸֮ˣȻԸһСδ̫ʧ˰ɣ
ȷʵ˾ʵĺ޳ֳս⣬Ҳһ䣬ҿš
ԯɷѪӿ׹¶ܹ裬ֻ޳ó
¶һпЦ̧һУһͨںڵĳǳɣ߶೤͸һɼ֮һ¾ܿ
⾹ȻһһڹȻֱʣ
޳ɫҲ̣Լתϻ֮ÿԿԯɷת۷塣һһĴЩΣ
ģҪҲһһʱ֮ѣ޳Щߺͷ͵һ
ʱԹ˵˼룿һǰǹܶⶫδȻܹƻ
޵ĵȻ˵ã
ʲô˲ģһһԪ鲻мؽСĽʲôõĵ֪𣿡
޳һָԪʹˣ
Ԫһֱ˹֮⣬ƺûĹƺû롣
֪Ԫȴ֧һ⵹ǣõȶʱ䡣
ԪķϻԽԽˡ޳̲סһ㱧Թ
СӣҺĸ⣬㾹Ȼ̭ң
޳ҪǰͻȻһɷǳǿѹһԭһӰŤתһĻȣһ³ԯɷ
սѾ죡
޳кһţ̧һŻ֮ƣƣȥһԯɷ塣
ԯɷһߣֱӽһʱһڳħһ㣬һֱԺ
ʱЩ߳ܲס۵һԴͿ˻һѪ̱ɢ˿С
ҿ뿪ҪɱˣȺһƬֻţܣмŲ·һ𣬵ʱۺŻɱ
Ҫɱ޹޳ԯɷ֮ĶԹ֮ϱ̨
˵ţȳ̨С
ԯɷɫһҲԾ˱̨ϡڵЩȣٴγָӰ졣
˲Ÿս̨̨һɵɫ֣СˣЩܵ˲˿µؿų̋еˡ
޳ؿǰߣЦЦؽӦøл㣬û㣬Ҳҵ
˵꣬ԯɷ˼ļ϶˹һƬҫ۵ĺ⣬ʱԯɷΧС
ͬһʱ䣬޳͵һʶʱһӴӿȫüġֻһ˲üıһҫ۵Ľ⣬һҫ۵̫ҫء
ֻЩⲢûĴɢȫ˫ۻ۶ȥǽŦһ㣬һͨ˫

һ޴޳ֻоԼ¡¡һֽɫʺ˫֮üĵ̫ٲȻһµ׳ۡ
䣡ǽ֮ͻȻһǿĽ⣬صسԯɷȥ
ԯɷɫһɭЦеˣվڣ
˵ţһף³һɾ޴
ءһߵĺһ˿˿·һѰѼذףֱֱز޳
أ
žײ޳Ľ⣬ʱһƬҵ𵴡޳ͻȻһסضԯɷ
ʱϼһҲǺܺáֻһֹס˲ӣҲʵ޳ͻͽ𺳵ˡһ֮ǰ޳Ķ֣û뵽ôʱ䣬ȻܹĹˡ
ԯɷŶﳯ޳һָؽ־ܣҿԸ
ͷ޳˵꣬ϣıЩǧƪһɵģÿζʵ֣ѵ
һϺ״˫һһɼǿĻ֮ӿ
ԯɷ˫һУмؽСӣ֮շģȻҪͣϷˣ
˵ţЦǻ֮һڡֻһ˲ԭЦ¶һֵı飬Ųţ㣿㾹Ȼʹթ
͸޳˫һɣʱһֱֱسԯɷȥ
ԯɷڵĻ֮ƽյĳָһ㣬Ծڷܣ֮ǿܵߣһжӶ˸ɾ
С㲻úԯɷ޵óӶˡҧƴѹӶᡣǻ֮ǽգ㱻޳ѹơ
ϱĪ⣬һʹһֻһӡҪܲ˱֮ռ֮ʱϱͻȻһѿ¶һڲҰ׵ݡ
Ȼһ㣬ЦֻЦѾȫ
޳һæҪֻ֮ûüжܵһɾ޴һɼǿķһ³˹


1240 
޴ɱ޳ֲӦδͱ͵ײϣʸˣص档
ֻصһ죬бһ޴Ŀӣ쳾޳Ѳ֪ȥ
ԭڽкõߣһɫףʱħһɭȻԯɷɪɪ
ԯɷڿն¶һ˫ͭһɺۣĴȣ˳߲ᱲǳǲ
˻һʱһƬκˡЩ߾û궼ûˡвӵܣʶ㲩һʱһ亹
ԳƱ񣡡ǵĶ񣬿ɾԲỳԼˡ˭ԳƱ񣿳ԶŵЩ˵ֽ˵ֱ췽ҹ̷
һִ󵨵Ĳ²ʱӿٿԯɷѳҡ
û뵽ھ˴󵨣ǰ֮ˣԱʲôħռ꣬һһֻԳħޣ
ԯɷؿΨΨŵŵˣתֱֱ޳ҳĿзȥղžǧһ̣޵긴գٴռ壬һʱȫ޳
ʱ޳ھ޿ӵײҧɿ塣ղʵǴ⣬Ȼԯɷܹ¿ɺã͵ʴףûԼ͡
޳С֪û޴ĺڱ̨Ͽջص϶һƬ
޳üͷһϾͳһƬ⣬һž籬һڷ弱ϣ˲ͻָԭ״
һһ³˳ȥ
䣡޴ײѤõ̻ƬնȾ졣žһ̨ϵ˲˷ĩ
޳ֻоһɾ޴ĳſڵϣԯɷƣƳĶ¡
Ҫƴ޳ϴѨţ˲伤һŽϡ
һ̣Ʒ̩ɽѹصϡ
޴ĺһƬ硣޳ֻһ飬͸оʲô˳
֮ԯɷȻĻ֮˳־һ˳ȥƷ簤ԯɷʱ
ķޣⶫð˳̵ģҪҴ˿ָ̻ʵһƻԪôòĻ֮Ȼɶļһˣ
޴࣬׳ɣǣԯɷѾ޳׿ƣ¶̵Ц⡣
޳ȻڲܹȻȫõɡż֮£ֻѰ
СӣھԵǰзԪͻȻޱؽ
޳һǱʲôݺݻһ£Ȼʡ
ûھԵǰʵǿıߣ۾Σյ𣬶ԯɷ㼸кңұ㽫ǰһ˽ᡣ
ͬʱһɿͻȻ֣˲佫̨סһ̣һԭسһһģһˣৼʮӰһԲȦԯɷΧס
ߣСҷϴѣձɢЦһͲ˲串һۼסһƬƬг˰ǰһ㸲ǣ͸ĺ⡣
б±ҵû½վڣ޳һһȦӰ棬ðʮΧ㡣һԾ߿ջûʮӰʮǷסޡ
ϬķӰ㻹˵ħѪ޹أһĨݹ⣬ͷһԼݣ̵ЦһģҪعɣ
عã޳һһڹڴܳһʱһ˵Ҳͬʱһڹ⣬īȾˮһ㣬һᵴȾһƬɫ
ֻǷɵԲȦ͸һɳصϢ
֮޳յл֮˳һβʣسŷ˹ȥ
磡ûζúأſܵؽȫ˽ȥ
ԭܷ޳һ䣬ӻһ⣬žһǻ֮С
ʱһٶ޳ͻȻʧδ޵ע⡣ʶԾʱΪʱ޳Ѿ֮С
Ϲҵ˵ֻһɫѡҾͿϹкͣ޳ͬʱѾ߶ȫϳһ޵ľѹȥ
޴󾪲ֹѸٽȫѨסȵ
޳һַֻӰĸֱ֫һֱ壬ֱʶ
˵ɫ޵˫ȭһһɻֺѹɢڡ
ѹһͱĻ֮һβʣ֮ͻѹԭΪ̺е壬ɴʱѹûᡣ
ֻҪһжͱ޳ѹơʱ޳סȫϵȭҡһʱ˶ٶֻ忹⡣
޳ѾԶħ޾ԶȴҲֻǽһ߷ԯɷ壬ܹ޳⣡
أ
꣡
һܹͷѵԯɷӲһ类۶ϹͷϺһ㣬ʱܵء
С㹻ݣҧгݵغһ٣ʶ֮һƬ⣬һž޴Ϣ˲סȫ
ܣ޳¶һЦݣҲֹֻԯɷʶ֮Ҫɳ֮ʣһ˽ȥ
ͬʱһ˵ӰͻȻ뷢һӴ˲佫ס
ֻޡһҽУصһ±ѹʶ֮ڡ
꾹Ȼ޷ӳȥ¾ñףƿڴϣҪ㸶ۣ
˵ţ߷һҫ۵İ׹⣬žһ»һ׵һ㶼ǹâÿһ˿ĵܷ
СɵģеģǿҡԪʱѵ
޳ͷͻȻЦŷ޵ܹһҪҲأָõΣ
Ҫԯɷ壬޳飬ȴͻȻʵһ󿴵޳Ȼʶ֮Уɫ䣬ղžǹҳȥģߣյСӣ
޳ÿɷҲϻץʱ߶һ˿һԪ֮С
ԪЦԪүϲľһ㣬Ҫģ
޳ദôãԪ˵޳֮ˣ¾޳Ĵ㡣˷ܵش߶ԪٻһŹӵͼ
⻹ǴСãҲһЩССŵ㣬Ū̫󶯾Ԫô˵һ鲻ӡ
󣡡޳˫ֳǶİһָһӣ৵ؽ
ǣ޻İȻһ£һ˻ƵĺУܣôС㵽˭
үү޳ЦͼһƮͷת
ʱԯɷʶ֮У緭츲һ㣬һŷ˺γɣѹ͸
ܣ޷·ܵ˼Ĵ̼һʱ侹ǣֱ㶵ضͼ
޳ͷһ˿ɻȻⷴϵ󣬵ʱûʱϸЩͼѿ񷡣ΧԴԴϵسӿ롣
ܣһͱһƬ꣬γһͶһһİ׹⣬ֱֱس޳
үȫҪԪѳ˷ܣֻһᣬͻȻһЦ


1241 ɱ
С̫ˣԪүϲԪЦЦҪжǷжǷ⡣
޳ϵؽϲͶԵ㡣콫ŪѣɤŴ󣡡
Ԫ黢һֻ͸ðһĨĹâֱһεԪеȥƵ˯ɻ¡ޣˣ
ûӦԪֱ
˭ĴүͻȻЩããơתͷһƼԪ黹δȥĽţ˫һɣߣӾҪȥܡ
ȥģ㣡Ԫһžͽ˳ȥ
ô£һͱ߳޳⣬һζʱɵˡ
ʱ棬׹ͷ¡תȫⷽӿһ飬ſ죬ƴ
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ӵĺǱƢҲˣҪȥԪۣȴ޳һ֣˦˹Χڡ
ҵĸŵһ̾ܣʣǰ׹ʲôʹˣ
޳ȴûϻʱ뼯ȫעƹ󣬲ѹסɵٶȡҪȻһչͣһ˲ͻ֮ǰڻ֮ļѲͬն
Բۣ˭ܸҵҪɶͷԣ廯⣬ƴضŷİ׹⣬ֱԪƴ
ÿζ߰ߣõߣ
ȺϣΪܽɱΣ޳ױŭֲͼ˹ȥĹ˸ɾ
սϣ̣ȱһİҲһҫ۵İ׹⽫һ֣һɲǻֻǰ󿪣¶ɫġǻ֮Уһźɫ紩ɽƵһֻޡ
׼ȷ˵һֻ壬ȻǷ޵ꡣ
ԣǸóԣ
Ԫͬؽֻɫ壬ˮҪˡǿǴ仹бĶ
ԣȺϣͷ֪Ǻɫ巢һβĳرһڹ⣬ֱֱس޳
޳һȣ˫ַһӡƮûͼ֮С
һͻȻôһһԼ׳Цүүģ£ϲҵģ
һԣɤӣ󳶿ԯɷԣҪأزݰ
ԯɷԣҪأزݰһ£Ǿ޴һ㣬¡¡ش硣
ͬʱ޳৵ؽ⿪ѹơʱؼ䡰衱Ƶһ޴ųȻγɡ
޾ٳӿֻ޳Χס֮γһ޴©ȫ©ӿȥ
ġ˵һʱߣøε޲ҧгݣڣһڣҪΪУ
ɣî˾͡ԺҪڵҪ汻СӺˣôԼļƻŸһڣͷԼݵһ£Ʊߵֱֱ̣Ԫ
˵òѪⶫʵ̫̬ˡͬʱҲ˾⣬һʶĸоͻȻϮͷԺһջ档
Ҳƴˣ޺Ȼ⣬ֱӽһգסͺֱײҪȥ
޳׷Ź߳һֱֱ£סǶ͵һգŹľ޴৵һ¾ͽֱֱ˹
Σî˾ͻȻһҫ۵İ׹⡣ǰ׹һڹȻ˲佫ΧȾһƬɫ
ŹգԪ鼤شУǿǷ޵ıԴһ㹻ֵ˼ʮ꣡
޳Ķǳ죬˲佫ȫźڹѹȥһεؽ֮ס͵һգ৵һԪ֮С
󣬾ȻԳ񡣽Ԫүү̽㣬¡ǸֻûڣȻܻүүģ̵ģƻȻ˸ѿǣ
ˡⷴ޾Ȼ꾹֪ʲôʱˣ
޳ҲЩźҲֻÿŹֹͣ
Ъָƽ𽥰ֻǰƺЩ졣
޳Ҫɳԯɷ֮ʱԪȻסСӣղſпסôе㲻Ծ
޳΢һüЩȷؽղֻҪЩ˲ڿУӦް
˵ô˵᲻⣬治ұ֤һΣһ³ԯɷ⡣
ȵңҿɲҪͷڣ˳ȥ
ֻ嵽棬ͻȻһɲֱֱײ޳ϣͻȻͣİ
ֻһ̧ͷҲɵˡ
ֻǰѹѹؼͷһǧһţѹšһȥȫ
޳ͻһһɺӿͷˣ
үүġԪȻһ̾ſԪϣޱ߶콵˹ȻҲǿ־СӣҪסˣԪүƨɡ
⻹ôǲ˶ˣ˿ڿˮѾŸֻʬ𼣵ķ
޳ʱĺ󣬾ȻͻȻľʲôоûУֻۣһ˲˲ؿǰͷ
Ǳһʻ˿һĿ࣬һ˫ŵ۾Զۣôӣžӡ
ɱôˣ
кȻһħ壬ؾҪ
Сѵ㣡ˣɴߣɱ˾ħϢԪһ⣬ݺ
޳һ˼˫ֿʼۿȻһ죬һֳصھγǻ
޳׳ɱɱħɱ顣ɱĶǸ֮ˣĶǱɱ޹
ǰЩ඼޶Թȴʯĳεʲôû
Ҳʶ֧һᣬͻȻ˼ؽղǲҺ̫ˣЩ˶Ҹˣ
˵꣬ЦЦһ㶼Ц޳ļͻȻ뿪ɡ
˵ţ㳯ǶѵһͷȥҲ֪ղŵ׷ʲôЩͷеطǳ룬˾ݹһ㡣
ʲô޳Ļһ壬ŤǳˬؽȻûˣҵˡҾҪڸʲô˼
޳࣬һﲻֻľǰߡԱ˵ûӦʱȫЩЩǰйӡЩȫİǶԩ޳
ȭͷаͬʱҲһ˿ɻ󡣲޳˲ϣһʵ̫Ρ
ס˹ˣҲأäţһè壡
Сͺãȴӳ飬óеǲӱܣǵΣҲ롭
˵һ룬ȻһֻסӵѼһ¸µͻȻû졣
Ԫ飿޳죬߳һҪעԪ֮СһܿȻһ󲨶ԭӵޱȵͷͻȻһſŹ


1242 ȭռ
һſţһţԭеͷȻͬʱһɺɫͷ𣬳޳Ʈ
ǻ֮Щ˱֮סˣѹܹݵô롣
ԣﲻԣ޳һ࣬˫ضЩµͷ
ʱ鷢ˣһƬ֮УЩͷȻˢˢؾ£һ𣬶ղеһֻһΣûеһ𣬶ˢˢڵϡ
ȵɫĻ֮ɢҰɾ޳ǰĵϣſһͷ飬һֱ뵽¡ֻһΣδǵǿһͷǵĺס
͵ʿˮֱһȭҵϣƿڴ̵ģװŪģûӣ
޳ԪҲ˿ҪǶ飬໹ܲˡ
ʱһصͷȻһײ档һƬͬؽҪǣҪǣ
ЦүүģǿɿˣһжˣԯǱߣǸø͸
һﾪˡȺͷأһСľײ˸ͷ˭ҲЩȫų̋ȥ
ŴӹӰʲô£ȺС󱲣ʲôŵĸεڶڲ
޳ҲǿЦáֵģøղû˵ݵĻȻռˡ
˭뵽ղЩͷֻǱ֮쵽һ𣬸һţټǵӣһš
һƬɱһƵߣ׷˿񣬳ԯɷһͺ䡣
ԯɷͱ޳뷴ĥһϢûһͱͻĺһ׺˻
޳һᣬתͷһܣӲ鴤
Ŀ֮һƬǽ壬ͷ֮ϣԭƵգûǲһЩй¶
޳һתͷʹ˸ɫϣֱǸ߿ձȥ
ͬʱɤӴˣ͵͵һȭͱռ˱ˣ
Ļ䣬޳ȴͻȻһȭֱֱҳֻһ񼦵һƬƬռ䣬ͻȻһҵĲһһɾ޴б
Ѷ٣ԶһĻ˶ͨͷһε̨ϣŲӿšޱȵú
޳һȭһȭһˣֱҡĶƬռƶԽԽȫµ⴦ѾյĿռ䡣
һһռӶɣԴһܾܿܽһ
޳ԽԽ˷ܡһؾȻֱͨһء
ʱԭϷͻȻɫһףס֣
ס֣ȥɡ޳ĬһƴȻβһƬһƬƬĿռѣһһɴĿռ֮ǰ
λѳ״ͣ㶵ؿǱһƬƹĿռ֮ŵʲôˡ
޳ȭͷһգڿУĴһۣһһһжȥ
ˣôȽⶴϣС˸ӡʵعֽ˼װһŭ׷޳ȥ
һߣȺ߲ŴлعһѼһ㣬ųĲӣ޲ܽǿն
ģͨڶص·
޳ȻֱӺ俪˵ڶռ䣿ʵֲ̫ˣ
СҪˡģѹһһ
Ⱥ׷λ亹乣һ߲ŶͷһľսϡǵøϿȥ¨ӿͱˣ
޳ʩչǧ٣һ˲ϢһЪϢİȫŸ޳Цøɵһ㣺ȥųϢȥ
޳ȴǰͷһҡֱɡѾһ죬ʵǿѾĹؿµղҲˡ
ƲǣղȺŵùزߣȷʵֵǻô˼Ȼܹģٮٮߡ
ͷһ㣬ϡת˻ȥ
ߺ󲻾ã޳ڳתһᣬҵĴǰɽľ
ʱһ¥޳ɵЦϴҪʲô
޳һ컯֮͵飬˵һֱΪݡղ޳յľٶͷ뵽ࡣ
޳һЦҲֻ³һ֣ˡ
һ㶣ˬЦ޳Ͷءֻ޳һ仰˲
аɽϢ𣿡
ɥҡͷûУҸղżһˣЩҴŹˣҲĴȥˣȴһϢûСһ²⣬ֺܿû㡣
޳һҲǰɽǵǿ̣ĪĻ纣ˣ
ü£ȥнӴ鿴һ¡ٻȥǳĵطһʱǰĿջϡ
˵꣬ʩչֱӳı̨ȥղǴġֻǵնһ飬û֮
ͨѾգȥˣ
ˣˡԪͻȻڵҲ죬СӻԼ֡
ǲ֪ʲô޳Ȼ뵽ǴԪǰɽƺ˵ʲôԪʱĿǣȻ֪Щʲô
֪Ԫȴ̾˿˵һĻһУ˳ȻģվģԶ
޳üͷšؽģҪѯʣȴȻһɵӣЩ֪𰸡ֱӻ˿ջ
ûãҲͷɥػԣһߵһ̾ҲţСӸʧһ
ˡ޳ؽ
͵̧ͷǲ⣬룬˻⣺㱨һ£һյˣһѾ뿪ؼȥˡѾΪõĶһ飬һΪ
޳š˿ڲ裬һ˶㣬ЩѾǰȥĹؿһЩһ롣ǿɿģһЩҪ۲졣
޳һ˿⾰ȻɤŴִԸˬ˼ȴĳһ㣬ϸ塣񵽱ˣСӽغܺá
ͷ˵ˡȥǽһҪϾͻи˼룬ʱúðš
۾һˬʵؽû⡣ϲ顣
޳ЦЦһ飬ҽһԯϢ
û´ĻڿѾڵݵ󼸹أѾͨݣ뵽Ӹ߲Сȴǰһ㣬ʱпײϡ
ɫһ˲򵥣Ϊβ;ǳ㡣ǰϢѾ뵽˵ݵڰ˹ء⼸ȴͻȻûϢҲǹϢѾų˺
޳ϵؽҲãǾ׼ã
һЩ㿪ʼ׼ͬʱȴڸ֮䣬һϢ
޳ߣôأһȭܽռ飬һԯϣͨز£
һʱһƬΡۼ֤޳һȭڶͨߣ붼ûͶ˹죬һ˲š
֮ٹһϢڵһصرƻʣȫڶءɳ


1243 ɳ
ݵڶдɳһС硣棬ɳ֮⣬ûκ
ȫһϢ֮ʱϲǡϲܹǰ뵽һأЩʵģǽ⿴Īļǵǣɳ쳣ʵҲɷ߽٣һȺǱǳΣա
ǣ뾰㿪ʼϲĻ
ˣˣŴأʮΪֹ
һ֮ǰЩԥߣǸı⣬ȫ޳Ͷ
Ƕɵ޳ûǸҪıһš֡ûԶĵˣҲûԶѣܺȻԸͷȻֵô˳糵
գת۱㵽˴һա޳һȺˣƺƵؿڶڡ֮ǰ޳俪ǸȱڣѾרǰ޲Ȼ޲ˣʵȻǳɷһȭ֮ܽ顣
޳Ȼ͸һ˿˿Ŀռڣ¶һЦݣ̤˴
ЩС粢ûֱӵڣҪܹ롣ڶصĴ󣬱㱻ԭȵһصı䳡Աߡ
һ߲ʹţؼѪ컯֮֮ϣԶԶȥ㽫Ծһ
޳ǹһվȻһ貵Ľ⣬֮ǵϮЩԭ͸ԭûŵߣֻϥһ͹ȥ
Ӧ֮ʱѾسӿȥһȥ޳һУȫסɫһԭرʧȥǵӰ
˶һߵŶӲ١Щµ˿һĻһ̲סһ¡
ͻȻȻ޳
֣кر𣿡׷ʡ
ޱ𺳣Ҫ޳ľˮͳһںϲǧ֮һĿ޳ɣ
˻һֳʱѻȸԪ½˭˲֪һףҪȫռǼֱ췽ҹ̷οںγҪ˵ǧ֮һ˵ѹûܣ
ԭżϼزǴ˵ȻһɹһǿˣֻԲģ
ԣһϴˡû޳еͣϲͶȡɣˣĳֶΣ
ѸٰοԼܵ𺳵顣ֻ˭ͻȻһǸϿȥܸռȻ
ڶأÿ˶һǷֵƣҪɱޣֻɱʮֻͨ
ʱЩʣߣһȿֺżȥֻǲû޳ֱʣʵʵѳһ컯쾧ܿ
ʱ޳һˣѾ⡰ɳ֮ڡ
һƬ⣬ÿһ˿ռ䣬ƶƮϸϸĻɳ¸˵ȫǽɳӡ
ƬСУһĪа磬һһ˵ؾһѶѻɳɳһ㣬ܱԳͨ
ҲҪߡ޳ͻȻ৵һſ򣬽ȫ档
ϴ̫ˣһɳѣԼܹӦؽĿǰһ˵˼û͸׼͵Ϯ
¡޳ҡͷ
Ȼ¡СӿԽԽʹˡԪ鷭Ű۽˵ͬʱȴڲϵӡһַƾ֣ûͷһСͼС
ֻͼ֮ڹһ˿˿ɫƮû޳ľ֮С
޳治ɫȴԪ鳶Ƥ֮ղˣҲǻɾ
ɵøŵ㣬պ󻹴ôԪƵ˵֮ǰһװ̫֮࣬ʣ࣬ȥһ
޳ֻһؽ֮˳֧һ֮ƵʱƬ֮ǰѾвͬҲֻһתڵİƷھʲôԼҲڱУǾǾȣ˾ȣǾȣ
ʱȺûεߣֱؿ޳ߣһ񣬾ͱһɻɳûðſðͷ
ûɣ֮Ҳ֮
۾ûϹйŹ֡ƼûɳȻһ㶼ܿһ鶼ûС
ʲô飿ǳ˳һɳҲû¡˵ţɤӺȻһ㣬ͻȻͨһ͵˻ɳ֮С
ɳɳɳΧһƬעУǸǿ׳ӣһɫɳӸס
һƮɢЩɳȴ¶һɭɭĹǼܡǸӣȻ̼ͱʴƤ޴档
ʱ֪ʲôһµ档ǹǼһ˷ĩ˲ͱɳû
˱ʣֻһ˲֮䡣˶ˣ
ãɳж˵ţóⶾƴ
ҩδ£ͱͬԶӡԭվһһˣһŻɳסɳɢʬ޴棡
ɳж
ڷ˲ԾɳȻ̺һֶأܽ˵סһͱɳеĶɵʬ޴棡
Щ֮УҲɷ磬Ȼضûоڷٿ޳Ѿޱȡǰȫģ
ৣɳ֮Уһ򣬽ɳ档֮ǣһءײ
ɳԳԭΣȻһֻֻһޡ
ǹżмصɳޣۼ⣬гܣЩɶԶʱڵ֣ô
ս޳ͻȻðôһ
ԪĵΪͣԶս﷢ССսۣռСǲЩС粢ûȫݻ٣Щ
˵ﲻ֪Ǹ˻꣬ȥź
޳ͷһ֮ǰʮ֮ѾԶǶǸ߼þѣģʵʵڵԶ
жʱȻ𾴣עߣȫ֧
ͻȻΧһʹƺߣЩߴߣһһصءɳһ㣬˲ûǵ壬ȵȥԭĻӰ
ĲСӣʱˡԪЦظβһ㡣
ʲô޳νؽҸñˣѾЩȻǵ͡
Ϊӡ֤ĻЩһٻָĵʹ赲ﻹٲƴֱûˣ
ɳ磬Ƕءɳ޿ײ룬һڣ˵񾭡Щ˿ûлܻ֮ꡣһʱľ̾ͱɳǡ
ʱ޳ѾѡһС֮أһ㿪췹ļơ
Щˣ龰ĳ׳ˡ˭ԼôһŴȴˡ
Ҳ֪˭ͷЩͻȻһͷͷţһ㣬һԵ޳߱˵һڻɳУƴͷ޴үкãǰɣ
Ⱥ׸ƵСˣüҪǴܡŸҪУ޳ͳһ˿𶯣һӱһ˿ɳƮ˽
Ⱥһϣһ㣬Ҫܡ
ȥ޳ȴһصӡͻȻһߺ֮ޣҲҪ
⻰һЩԭھߣתͷˢˢضųˡ
ÿϱͬΨһеģأһʣҪʼ


1244 һ˫
޳üĿһܷ紦ɫʴĻƾһ㣬ɢŨ֮
֮УԪѾеضԪ֮СͷһƬСͼתһƵĻ֮Ȥţ֮ǰǻģôʱͻȻˣˣ
ͱȡЦˡ޳Ԫڽ֮ǰΪɱ޹㱻ħƵ顣
Сӣһ˵ˣԪװôοȻԪүҽ̵з
޳ӣȻѾһЩŵֳȻС
ָһŸ޳ϣϰʵ
Ԫ鷭˸ۣСǵôߡⶫãͷϲˣС۲ܴ󣬾˳Ȼá
װټװ޳ؽ
СӣԪӶˣɸһ龰ɫһ壬Ⱥ֮УȻ˼ǳС˸ӣɵСЩ㾳绹ȣ򲻿ɱ˸ռ˱ˡ
֮ǰ޳ʮ֮Ȼջķᣬ࣬񾳽Ҳ˼ΣΪȴûͻơ
ʱһҪƵһ˴һ£ǿɾ治ˣ
޳صͷͬʱһôãȥɡ
һ𣬶󼤶һãүүҾϲ
˵ŻһŹӰֱֱسһŵȺȥʱȺ߳߶ž棬ԭȽߣضŸմһ
һλƤڵӴԭеһ߳ȵǰԸͶһǼ˼
ԣޣЩۿ˵͵ˣ˸
ȺͶ·һ˵࣬ŭԡʱͻȻ߳һͷڣ۵Ļ꣬޳һȭְܶղһ٣ʵڸм֮
˺û˵Լһ»ûӰӵ飬ȴ޳˶ñӡһһл޳Ȼ˼Ǹϳȥǣ
£ЩԭȾڵ߾ɫѿڴʱ޳ִ֮һ𶯣һɲ˵ã治֪ʱۼһɳޡǧֻһײķ֡
ãϢȣЩ˼ֱǻǸϳȥƤڵߵؽ
üλ̨˵δ̫ˣ˶δ˵ʲôк˵
ҴǴҵ˴ὫǴҶҵǰʲôģ
Ӹ˵꣬мСһЩĸ͵ûẦҡ
ҳǰûѾ֪ˣԺ󶨻׷˭˷ʥ޹˵ǲǣӳ֮˽
ȺǱߣæͷԶԣֻҪܱܹһ٣Ƕ׷棡
ЩʵǿѾأʣЩܹݵڶѾļȴû뵽һôֲĻɳһֻȣ֮
޳Ŀ񣬺ûǵһ㡣뾰°ȻͲһš
װΪѵؽѽ˵ĶĿɼҲʵˣǺã
Ļ˶㿴ңҿ㣬һͱƳȥ
ӶŻһǵıÿ湻ʱġҿ֮Ҳ֣ҪɳҲûܣȴȫǺξģ
⻰ʲô˼ЩǱĺЩ˵ҲѪ֮ˣ
ǻӵɫҲ𽥺ֻٰѣʲô˼㾺ƾʵ˵
˵ţͻȻһ̵ǵ˸͸һɼ֮ǧ꺮ɡ
Ǻâһһ㣬ɢȥ֮ˣ·ܵĳֹ裬׷ŭǰ赲ӡ
ȻҪ֣ͱ۸ˣ˫һһ˫ͷسϡ
һǴ󴸴һǵ˲γһӽһҰȺȥȥǶ군
ʱȻһ춯
أ
ˡһײһԭĽ𽥱ڰȡ޳֮⣬Ȼɳޡ
ѹѹһƬŸʴԵĺɫͿһ㣬ʴϡԽԽĻɳ͸мλǰѾߵߣǶɳ˫һ͵˵ϡ
֣ÿ˶עŶ档˿һϸ΢Ķܱһҡ
ҺЩ˵áͻȻԪ޳Ժ
ţֵǮ޳ǳͬһٻ򡣡
˫һɤӾͻ˵ôôңɣһܾͺá
ƾʲô˷
˫һУע⵽˸ղҲ˵Цǰޱؿ˵˵ĶԣˣҲԲμӡ㣬㣬㡭
Ѹתɿص⼸ˡЩ˶Ǹղſ˵֮ˡ
Ǽ㵽ˣɫ䣬ͻȻ
״ˣǼɣ
˵ţһβͽ˳鵽һͬʱ޳ֳ৵ע̵˫ͷ֮С
ʱƳɵһĺ⣬ݵһ뻪ӵС
˽һðһ⣬һ˾ٵһմԷͺ˹ȥ
༸˼״һ£Ҫ˵ȴۼֿһһͨһ¾սȦ֮С
ǻѾɱۣ˼룬һ¡ѪžɢڿС
ӷ·ܵ˾޴Ĵ̼һץһˣһ£ȵɱҲҪߣҾ㲻ݣ
˵ţϱһɼǿϢԭȱѹƵʵһչ¶ࡣֻħޣ˲սһ
ǳһ㣿ģǾȻǳһ㾳磬ΪλɳޣɳԽǳǰػͬ裬ѹ
һĳĬٿսһŵļˣɫѾµٱҲ֪Լˣ
ʱ޳ͻȻվߵߣͻȻֳ̧ȥһ㵭ɫĹΣƮ˻䡣
һУһУǻӣµĺͯһ㣬ͨһ͹ڵء
޳ӸµؿǣؽҵҲסǾ𣿡
˵ȻᣬȴһһٷǳشÿһλСֻһ𣬾Щ̧ͷ
޳ܵһɨ»䵽ϣޱؽһᣬ˵ĻָʹȻ
ǹģ
̫ˣȻˣı׹ղ˷ǻȺУûìܣǶҪ֮
޳ҺĻþЩ͡ΣȻ㱳ĵˣ
ҺһַǳĻþϣһӴ߶ʹ˲þղǳûƻˣۿžܳɹû뵽޳ȻͿһУ
˷ߺ޵ض޳ȻһЦЦ
Ǿܵظ㣬Ҫҵµ


1245 ԳԳԣ
ã޳ѾȻһɾ޴ˣžһ±һҫ۵ĺ⣬ԱڿС
Ҫ޳ͷѹƣʱʮа˾Ŷᱻɱˣһ˱ǳһ˼
ʱ޳ϣͻȻһ˵һӽض档
ԽԽ죬ԽԽܡʱ򶼱ɳ޸סѹѹһƬҪԽԽĻɳ
뾰һ˵޳ߣҲؿΡ޳žСԼֵܡ
һ𣬻ûӦ޳һ˹ȥ󡣱һ޴ĺһƾն֣βصسϡ
ҪȺҧĬĬغ
޳ȴһ㶼ûҪͣ˼˫һһƵ৵һײϡ
һϳ׷飬ǧֻɳ޹޾Ļɳٲһѹ
Ԫ飬ţ޳͵һһ˴
γһɾ޴УΪģһֻ硣ণɳʱȫӿȥ
޳ͺһ޵׶һ㣬ɳĶһԵ˽ȥ
裿ˣЩԭƴߣΣһƵġǱ֮Ķ޳Ȼȫڣ
⡭ʵ̫˼ˣʱУ޳ֱһ
޳Ȼ֪ʲôʱȫע֮СĻ֮һ֣ʣĶԪԪ֮У˷ѡ
ʱЩĶɳҲԴԴϵԪ֮С
ԪţСӣͷǵðⱦȾ˲ҿɾ㣬ŪˣǺϴɾģ
޳εشߵӽ㲻ŽȥͿˡ
үүģôɳԪһ㣬Ȼʲôʹһ飬һСӣ
߶ԭǸСͼʼͷЩɳ֮к񾭵Ķأĺòϡ
Ԫʹ⣬ЩڻɳЩûһ˿ĶŲмҪ
һس޳뾭иȥ
޳Դ˵һ㶼⣬˷ܵش߶˵ÿһ֮Сʱľֳһһ㣬ϡ
ԴԴϵĻɳڣԪѹ˼¡ˣĻɳѸ
ԶԶȥ޳类һ㣬ͣһͳһԲΧȻһֻ޴磬һǿӶΧ
ʱ߷˼£Ӳɳײ棬һҵġ顱죬ȥ͸ڴһ㡣
޳ӱŵԽԽ󣬷·ʱᱬըһ㡣Щˣȫעһһ
мѾ
ߣļһһ⣬৵һ³嵽ǰһβͳǳ˹ȥ
󣡡˼һֻ޳边ᣬ¾ͷҹ
ⱰСˣϴԿһһ߽ע뵽β֮ϣ߸ֻβͺƱһ㣬һͶֱֱ˹ȥ
ֻۣһ죬βͳͻһѪ
ǳһ۷壡ȺһƬм˲Ծص˼
죺ôǸڵûƭң
ǰץȥǳ˺öࡣڴ컨׹ҲԤ֮УղһӦýЩȫ̵Ŷԣ
֮ʱѾĬسȺУղǼ¶֮ȫ˳
״˹ȥһβͽЩ˸˿С
ҪʲôЩŭȵ
ʲôȺ֮Цת˵Ǵʲô˼Լ֪ĵģǾԲݣ
ϲ˵Щ˵ĻֱһһЩһһ˸ϡá˼ˣŵóûƢ
һЩȷʵеֿЩɳ޵ʵȴһЩĿġʱʶ뾰ֶΣﻹ¡
Уؿǡ৵ʩչԼ
֮ڣ˽úûģҽģֱ棬Ȼˣ
Щˣ˽һЩδжͱɳȺסת۳һ޺޵ؿǣתҧ뿪˴˵ء
ȽߵĲ޳ǱȴǾ֡ʱϵƤѾɳŵؿʼ͸Ѫܿһ
ľѾﵽޣٶһ־ͻᱬը
ʼɣ޳ԼĬ㳲ֱûÿһ֮С
ʱ汬һҫ۵Ľ⡣ǽʵʣ৵һ¾ͽЩϵɳ޸˷ĩ
ڣ˷츲صı仯ЩɳмԶԶȥںС
Ԫأ𣡡޳ͻȻ͵һȡ֮ڵĻɳͻȻͣһ£ܵŵĳһ㣬Ҵ
޳һҧֻŵþ޴ֱ̧һԣһɫâһ৵һһɾ޴սȻԪصսΧס
֨֨֨ɳͻȻܵٻһ㣬Ҫس޳ײȥžžžһֻֻص
޳Ŀӣǰڻ֮յԪȫͷ˳뾭ڵĻɳ֮С
ֻЩԭޱȵĻɳȻһ㣬ڻһɹϸûļ֮С
޳һϲŴмصַȻĹáղţɳ֮ʱͻȻһ֡ɳԴϸࡣ
ɳȻսıԴʵһ⡣ܲץסĵ
ֻ޾Ļɳ޳ӿ룬бΣգȴһֱδ塣ɳޣԽԽ࣬ӣԽԽߣһͶѳһСɽ
ͬʱܵĻɳԽԽ٣ԭããһƬĻɳ磬
͵ʿˮɽһɳޣͬʵϴⶫԿ𣿶
޳һЦԪ飬ǻַΣ
Ԫ㶣ܻؽҪң
޳Ц÷ǳ޹ôɳɳΪʳͽɳˡֳɵĲãαط
۸ʲܳԣԪûؽ
޳ЦЦһ˿ɳһҲʵһ¡ʱڿɶߣ澹Ȼɳ޵ʬ塣һ㣬ֱۻĽ£
ִһʮֻУ
ϣЦһģⶫܳ԰ɣ
޳һۣεЦǣܳԣ
һ̾ͷɵ˵棬һǬһͣȻͳһտ
һܣһŻһץһֻɳޣһкһ𿾣ģˡط̫ϡˣٲ׼档СǼҲ֪ʲôʱѹǿæɡ
ɳ֮ڲûϡ˵ء߽Ҫʱƶ֣ܱѡ
Դ˿̴ų޳˶ѼޱȡбٹȵĿʼԱٹȵûҩģ۰Ͱ͵ؿζŨɳޡ
ɳܾʳã˽ĿȫתһȻ޳ˮˡ


1246 ˭ȥ˭
ϴⶾû˺ɳж޳Щġ
޳˵ͷţް
ͬʱԪĶһҰɳ޾ʮ꣬ǱǰЩˡⶾѾƼƷҩĲˡ
áҼǵõһֻ裬ǳ֮µȫľǳ֮³ѣľ״̬һֲϱ⺬ľɷֵĶ޳ؽ
ҩһҪǳǼңʱⶾ㲻ܽηһҲռȻ
û˱ˡ޳˵ţһֽʮֻɳ߳һסǣñһ˿ĺЩɳڱӿڡ
ԱЩߣľ㶣ĽľʱѾܹ򶨵ڵϣȺóԼ˽صĺþƣｻ޷ܵġζ
ƶޱȵĵɳɳζ޳δɳеľȫգһ˿ǡʱǳζյһЩһԽԽ񣬺һͰһ㣬֪С
е͡һֻһڣһûԹһ㣬ƴ˭ٶȶȲһ˾͸ɵ˲һֻʵڳԳˣãĿ֮޳֮Уİõص޳衣
ͻȻ뵱ǰɽһͷ֪޳ղ˳裬ƺ
޳ȫɳޣڵԪؾ˸߰˰ˣһָЩߡ
ٶȺܿ죬Ǽʮֻɳޣһʱͱס˾ĿУʩʩȻһƬս
ΪģƳһųһ㣬ž޴Χ
ʲôͻȻ
˻˻˻·ʲôٴɳӵ֮˻˻ԽԽ죬ԽԽȻһɺ
ѾֱָԶǿɳޣ
ҲУָһ򣺡ö࣡
˷һɽƵɳˣһһѸٱ£˿ߣָ޳ֺ޳ǣ
ҿΧסмм޳ΪΪ¾Ը³֣Ҫ
ǻδ޳ͻȻһ޴ĳһɰϢȻ߷Ǹ𵯵һߡ
ͬʱЩɳ޺ƾú˼ˮԴһ㣬һֻֻһݵ޳
ˣ޳ϵ˲һƬ͸ϣ漴һ顱Щɳֱײϣ֨һˤȥ
飡
֨֨֨
ԽԽɳ޹ǰ̣һ»һݡֱʱ޳ŽһգվɨһܶѻɽɳޣؽȾЩɣ˭δԱһЩ
ԡԱˣ
Ѿ
޳һ䣬ȶͷͻȻһƬͼ¡¡УЩɳͻȻڿն𣬱ͼĹâ֡ݵһ»ĩֻһԪؾû޳ڡ
Ѿزٴһ仰˵ǴʱΨһģǷ޳Ҫľٶ
һһսշ磬ɳ޲Ҫ޳һɱһ㣬Щɳ޵սߡ
֪ȥ٣Ҳ֪˶١ͻȻγѣŵغһ䣺ɳûˣ
һֻδɱҪҪ߳ˣ
޳ֹͣ۵ؿһۣվ𻺻ʵǵУ˲ʺϼȥȥ⣬޳ᱣǴ˹ް
ģ˾ϲֱ֣ǰһȭصԸ׷
ҲԸ⣡
ң
ԽԽóϷ׷˭˵һ֣ϸ˵ˣϴ󣬺ͨءǻţ
⻰һЩԭЩԥģҲ˹ȥǱߵǼϢ˶ж
޳ЩδˣһЦˣǳȥ
Щһŵʵ棿ֻҪܹƽȥǵļ壬ҲΪѣ
ܹ֮ˣǼеٮٮߣǼϣһϿݣҪôҪôһؽһ֮ǰѡ뿪ֻԶ
ʵȻܶ뿪޳ô˵Ե˶һ
Ȼ޳˵㻰޳صһ֣ƺȻһ˳ȥ
ֻڿŤһǳĽǶȣβ͵һ˦ʱһض˶
޳촽һ̧һơֻһεƱɫ̺ŷǳŨԪϢ
ɫβӣһԲȦ৵һӡ˿С̺еԪͻȻһƬƹ⣬һ㣬Ȧڡ
һ̣ԭƽգһֻɵԲȦڣоҵ
޳һָһһɫĹ⽣ֱԲȦȥ
ײڼӲϣһ죬һԲȦ֮ʲôˡ
޳ԪһգȦڶʱһλεĴ󶴣һƬһƣɫ
ͨˣ޳ȻԪʴһռ󶴣
Щ׼뿪ˣض޳ף£ҵȶġõǵģ߾ܣ
ȥɡ޳һЦһȻԤ֮УҲֵ˳ˮ顣
ֳһƿ죬ЩʵĶѡ뿪ȵߺ󣬼֮ǰȥģʣ²֮һߡ
޳ؽһ飬̧һУһŨԪؾӿָһ㣬ЩϸСĹ㣬Щ߷ȥ
˻δӦЩڡ
ͻȻһץԼżǷƣ˷ܵغʮֻҵĿﵽˣ
˺֪͵óһʱһؽҵҲﵽˣ
ǿͨˣ
ǿ޳ĿУѾޱȡʱǰȻһ߲ʹţһȵѾﵽҪһء
֣ҫҫ⻪˸䡣۾һȣ˹ȥһʧȥӰ
мȲ׷ȥҲͬ⻪һһء
һ֣վԭأȴ޳ָʾ
޳תͷǿһ£˵һ˴Ļ޳ϲѰ·ǼȻ棬ǱһԼ·ɡ
˵ţ͵գ˫ɫԣԪر߷һֱֱسſһͻ˹ȥ
䣡һ޴ĺŲɵֵ֮ơ޳ָȫһΣͷһҡ̼䣬п
漴˫һƣ˻ֱֱûһ㡣һһȵк
ͨˣ


1247 
ȵܹȼһекڳʣ߶ܵصֵˡ
ޱȣĴܹһСصһ𣬿ɷٵʵĴǷǳܿ⡣
޳һֱ˻֮СϣҲһȥ
磬ðŻ࣬޴šͶ˻֮УЩ˵㱻ճ˻ҽ
޳һʱ߶ԪأγһķԻ𿹻ЩˣҲõΣ˿
ֻǻδȫɣʶ
һХӻ̵˶Ĥһۡ޳üͷһ壬һȭ˳ȥ
أһ޴ĺһһ㣬ըķ֣һźдϵĻ浹˲ͽһλ߸ճ˻ҽ
ɫһݣضһĻ档
ֻǻͻȻ£Ťһ㣬һŤһ߳ߣƬ̾ͳһɶߣһߴӰǰ
죬챦ʯһ۾ڵĳ򣬻ԾһĻ档һֻ
Ȼа벽ǳ磡˲ŵغôôùһôļһ
Ϊղ̱Ļ鲻ֵһ̣ƽˣֻԶȻӿһƬдϵĻ棬൱٣ת˲ֹ
󣡡ԭֻ˻һչ򣬶Ƭ
ٻͬ飿޳ɫһǧɷȻʣעУһն
ֻһڹһǻ񷢳һ㱻˻ǡ
⣬ǱǷˣս׼
˵ͬʱƬѽǰһˢˢʮֻڿն֡
벽ǳǳһ㣬ǳ㣬ǳ㣿˵ɫѿЩȻһֻһֲֻ
ԣ˭ڵôżأ߰ϲһжȴһ⵱жйŹ֣
Ǵ򲻹ģҪǿһŬ޳ؽȻЩ˸ȻҪǵİΣ
½Աһ£һ飬ʵһֻԸսˣçײû
ף֮ܵˣһսȻҲ߱羳սû¶ԶӦս
޳Ծֻǳ㣬ԸһֻҲסһֻһҪսپܽ
䣬˳뾰һͬһֻǳĻ˹ȥ
ƺ鷳ˣЩܵĳֹƻ󡣡ԪͻȻ
Ҳˣ޳ЩصؽЩϣһɺϤζϲ
Ԫ鿪ʼ˵ţСΣ
ͷŵ㶾ǣ
ѽ˸㡣ЩؿɴԪع죬ԪﲢáǰܹԪʴնһҲֻԼĻԪزá
ã޳̬趨ˣֻԼʵȻҪƵԪ˭Σ
ˣĻûгԪֹһ㲻ٽֻ񶼲ܶԸ޳Ҳûˡ
޳Ҳϻ˫ȭͷһգչƱ޴Ļдϣ͸һɾ޴֮ǰڻ֮յĻԪأ̺Уֱӽ˽һ
ϵֻ񣬺챦ʯһͻȻȵĺ⣬Żֱֱײ˹ȥ
䣡ֻ񱩵ޣһµȼһ޴ıը
ǻ͵ذθߣӲſһ˻漴гһ͵һ½˽ȥ
޳һ䣬һ̻ڻصһ±ը
֨ʹؽһһ̣㱻һڶΧһȼ˷ĩֱǶû¡
һڿգ޳ڡ
ʱ뾰Ҳһֻתȥߡ޳ȴδȥ
ƺЩԾ
Ѿȫ˻صߣɫأҲ
޳ϸǰɻԽԽ󡣺Ȼһ΢һ̧ͷȵҿˣ˻صڶأ
ʲôˣ˴󾪣˭ͣתղųķȥһʩչһ⣬޳Ϻ
ֻûãǰһ͵ɲסŵغ·ˣ
޳ͷһһǰȴǰǸͨһϺϺĻ棬ʢɫβһ㣬ݱ
Щǻ񣡡ۼ⣬ϳϻʵǾ£һĻ
޳ֶ̧һУҲҪţٴ򡭡
δ˵꣬ϻ֮кȻһХ޳ֻǰһͼǰͻȻָֻεĻ
ͬʱһ˻һɱǰȵǵذ
úݵļһȻǶҲ˳СӣҪֱնɱﰡԪЩ˷ܵغǸûᣬǶɲһҪץᣡ
޳üʲô
ֻоһӴϢһɼǿѹȸСԪ黹δƬȻ
ǰ·ǼֻɫĻ񣬺ȻŹȥƬռ䱻һѹסʱɲǶᣬоȻܶ
ֻԪȻж磬̾ⶫԽԽϢˣСӣҪ־ˣܹ㣡
䣬һƬ𶯣һֻȼźɫֳǰ

޳ޱȡһͷϹźؾɣΪɷ硣ÿһ˿棬ܹջһͨɷǿߡֱܹӴݻǳ
̵ģӾȻ͸ľ磿˭˭ôȱ£ⶫ˳үүģ֪һƤҧгݵغ
ЩʶҲһ翴ⶫһ粽޳磬ź
ȴ뿪ס޳ȻСעΧ벶ȸںԼġ
һ𣡡֪ȴͬؽ˭ҲԸȥ
ûʱǆ£Ǻһкſͳ³һš
һֻͷĺɫ򣬵ȴһɻصδһƬγɣ֮ѣ¡
뿪޳һȣתӭźڹ⡣еһ룬ȴǺȻһ٣سԪ֮С
㲻ҪҾ֪ʲôŽʸ
㣡ԪȻһȣ̧һ͵أһ߳Ԫ
ವһһӰ˸飬ã۾


1248 Ʒ
أ׻һ۾ͼǰվһƥ˶׳ޱȵĺɫһˡ
޳صĲƷˡ
Եģ׻ѵزѣٿѾ˳Ŀ⿴ȼճɺɫĻ棬Ϳˮ
ͬΪԵޣȻ֪ǼһζʲôҲƷɫΪϼѣɫ;ԳƵǼƷ
ԣҪ׻ʳ˷ˡ
޳⸱һģʲôӣһȺԻ
ϸСĵ㣬һǳ㣡
ԣ׻ﻹýһһԣ৵չһƬϺɫĻ𺣡ɢȵĹâеĻǰͷϸһ㡣
ƥ˻һ챦ʯƵĿƣʱŻе˷ܡ
үүģһʵôô죿׻ʵأĽּʣһչһӣȻͻƵǳˣԼа
׻˶ͷ­һһϺɫƥֱȥৣһ˲˺
ֻǰ㳯ǰ𣬱Ǽޱȵĺɫ棬һϳһ޴ĺɫϡ
̣
ϺɫĻײϣţ뺣ʧӰ١˾ֵУǺɫϺȻǳһ㣬ߣҲᱩǣ̼ͳȻ
һǿޱȵѹ£εؿСǳ㣡֮УܹԪأӲԤ⣡
һӲ̣
޳ſ򣬽Ⱥ˶˫ȴһֱض׻Ǳߡ
׻˷ܵطһŭһѲղŵɣضͷǵĺͷһᣬҲȻ
ȵϢϣĲ±ɹ̵һȼһɫĻ渲ǣƽض
ɱȻԣһţ׻ͳǰγһɫĹɫԲϣŷһеѹ
ɱ׻Ҳһȣֻ޴ǰƴһһƬϽɫȻ֡
أײɽ緢ܻеĻɲǷڣ˹Ծ
̵ȼռ䣬汻ȼգΧ¶Ƚڽʱһ룬Ƭռ
ã޳ȻһȣǧȻ߷һ±뿪ʧһ̣ԭͻȻ¡һ죬ƬĻ汬ըת۶
͵Ϯһһ˿壺ڱ󵷹
ԼСġ޳ֻ˵һ仰ͽȫһ˦ȥԼһȥ
ϴ󣡡
޳
󾪣Ҫ׷ȴһ޴˻޳뿪֮ʱȻûԪؽƬռˣ
УҪȥôССǺ;ڱչأ޳û֣һΣô죿˿϶ᱻ̭֣
ӽңҲǽѣֻؿ޳ʧǰ
޳һȫ֮أԼ֮ǰ͵һȭһƬռ䣬ȵҳ
ռ䷢һϸ죬һȶ˵ʩʩȻƮ
޳һؿˡͻȻףΪθղŻЩϵζϤ
޳û뵽ôּˡûб任ϲ˵ӣɲôֱŶĵһеζһͷҪˡ
޳ȴһͺȵǱŪ٣ôҷһӰָһ
ûǰվŵŮˣ뵱þɱӰһģһ
ӰһЦɫͻȻñ䣺ŵСӣɱҷ֮ʣȻһζûСգԹɱ㣡
˵ͬʱϳһɲ漴ݿʼģһι¶˱Ŀ
ǳŨüۣοɰȴһЫĳ޳ߵԩͷծҷң޳ǵĶԹѾ£Ǵֱңǲɱ޹
û´Ļԭڴ֮һǽͻ֮ܵǰǼλȳŵߣѾ׶༪١
ӰЦ˼ȷʵϸ壬ڴͿûܽӣ
ߣ޳ȵͬʱд߶һɱЫĳŮˣҲǸ
ɡӰȴͻȻ¶һŹֵЦݣһƿ죬һϵͻأ𣺡Ϸأ
һüȻڻ֮Уض޳
ǳ㣡ⲻ԰ЩϹôһܽУⲻϹذԪüţйŹ֣йŹ֣ҷڲһôôǳˣڡУСӣһҪúò飬ŵıζ
Ƚǰ֮˵ǰʵǳ磬ɲд
޳Сʲô¾ȫʹûлˡǰüȫǲм
ƾǣ޳һ̧ƣӴ̺ģһ̷
Ǻǣ֪иǳŹֵĹļ޳Ҳǳ˵áƾܹնɱǡ
˵ţͻȻһͣ٣һŮ˽ǣڼҽأ
һŨ˱Ƕ˲ͷĿѣɫĻƮ䣬ȵĻ֮УȻûһ䱻ջ١
޳ɫأضǰֻһĵŮӣǰ
ӡģ
ǵÿ泤Ԫ鷢һЦ֮ǰ˽ľߣ˵ҪԼȥԭǽ̵Ǳ䱾θգ
޳ʦѾӡɷǳ̰˵һ룬ȻҧгʦŪǸУ˵ôܹŹ㣿
ֻһʦĽڶѡ޳Ȼȥû飬̧ƾ˳ȥٷϻͣ
ߣҿû˫üһӭȥŨ磬ɫ˲γɡ
ǵĽ٣Ԫ龪̾ٶȲ㰡ԣǱ㻹죬ǰ벽ǳͻˡףԣ
ԪͻȻЦһʲôֶʵȣɫƯǰ˵ԭûȫ˼Сӣλɲ
һסʶ޳侲ؽɫƻ־ʶȫܷһȻղЩ񣬾Ǳֽš
ãҷȥƴԪүغú԰Ԫ˷ܵؽ֮ǰʮ֮һֱЩˡ
޳ѾȥַƣֽӡһһȻһϣǻʱһɫĹ⽣৵һ¸ڹ⽣֮ϣγһƬ
⽣ͷһ¡¡죬ɫ򾹱
ĺͷһ𣬲һѪŵؿ޳ôҲ޷뵽Ȼ˿ֲ
תнҴˡĲȻһЦݺݵض޳գֶΣҲҪȥ
޳ͻȻһɲõͷһ̣۾͹ɱȻ޲һƽǰŮ飡
ȭͷȵǣ
££ͷҷ֣Ƶؿ޳ģҲв㣬Ҫ㿴ǡģ
ס˵ţ߸ơ


1249 ̰Եĺ

޹߱ץУһ߶ûüһͱһѪ˲䱻ɣʣ
޳ضŽģȼһŻ档ŴһͷҪŭʨ
ĹЦ̧ץһˣ޳Ҳ㲻ʶǰɣǾ㡣
ǰһЦݹˣ˵Ļȴ·ԵЩˣǵһյЩСܣϧ˲磬ôǳҵ޳˵㣬˸㣬㲻Ǻ
䣬Ը棬һҪȥʵ㣬˾ˣԹñˣ
ԣһҲĳңֻԼˣҪڮǾŹ㣡
Щˡ޳һϸ˵ǲδйֻþ£ѡ
ۣһʹǴĺܺá
޳û뵽ƻĵֶΣרҵĻıЦţͬʱžȥ
֮ˣһ͸ϣ˲ϡá
˵޳ȣȾǣ
ҵʹ࣡ȫ¶ȵؿ޳
ҪǣɱǵֵܣǣǶɱˣǼץסߣ߲ѡ
޳ȭͷȻɱ磬һźɫڻƮ˫ۣѾһ˿Ѫ죬ĵУȫ
һ𣬶Цû뵽ôôأ
䣬ǰüߺ͡Ӱһ㣬е߸߸
һ䣬ϣ³һɫƥŨķȻЩ߾ȥ
룡޳˫һϡͬʱ㳲ǧһƣһ㳯ȥ
ˣչˣֻüˣˣǷɫƥޣǵУҲɷ۷壬ǳĲѻʯ
޳Ԫ֮УϺԡͻȻЦһݺݵؿŽˣãõĺݣҷڣţڣ޳ؽϣɱ
СӣټأԶȻһȣը죬ȻܵĻ涼ѹȥ
ԯۣ޳䣬һ˲˲ضͻȻֵߡˣǵֹ͵ؼùڳϣ
ԣԣСӾȻָԭͻƵǳ۷壿ͲһˣԪ𾪲ѣһݺݵؽȻԾǽһϢȣ縡ʲôֶʵ
ѹôǳ֣⺣ôܲ࣡޳ҧ̧ͷżԯ۵ˣұʰǣ
ǳѾõȹ̣Ҫ˵⼸粻ȵļһǳĸ֣Ҳһս֮
ֻǲ򲻵ѣ￪󣬲Ȼɻңʱݶܵǣ
֪СͻΪĿۣԯ佲һ죬һɫĺŽǳġ
ŽǣһһתʱԯʵǿŽҲͻƣжתɢ
Ž죬ɱ޵С޳ɫȻԯ۵ʵˮ֣Žȴʵʵĵǰ̹
޳ҵĶԹ˽ɣԯ۴Žǣ죬һɫ˪޳
ͬʱһתǲķȥ
޳һߺȵ׻ʣٶȣ
Զòɿ׻ʻһ͵𣬿һھѪʱػ৵һ½ΧĻȫ˽ȥ
ǺҲʾֻһţɫð׻ʲͬǣеЩûκáԼϵĺɫЩ֮С
ʱԭɫĻ棬·Ⱦĳˮһ㣬Ⱦ˺ɫܷٻһеƣ׻ѹȥ
׻һ˷ܵһ죬һڽǻ˽ȥҲǴӻеľ飬ֻԻΪʳԴȪ
һڼƷڻһ룬ϵĻȾһɫȸղŸһЩ
һƣǰһףһ죬׻˹ȥ
Ҿ͸ҳԣ׻ʽһţһôӴһƥȫ˽ȥֻһ̣ɫһʹڻд
޳һԯһ׻ǱߵĶʹİߣһ磬ݵһ¾ʧԭء
ģܣԯ۷־Ȼס޳ҧֱ׷һҪСӾ͵ؽȻھ鷳ˣ
׻ʣ޳ǧ˲Ϣ͵׻ʸǰһҲʵһǺˣ
ᡭҪҪըˡ׻ƴһ仰ʹòϴһһڣǺɫ壡
ûôģ޳޲һȭȥ˼ǳ㣬۷徹Ȼһ˼ңǷˣ
Ԫ飬ΣѹԪأ޳ʱҲû⣬һŪ׻ʾͻҷ𣬴ⲻá
ѹơԪزãһоֻܿⱿԼˣԪҲǿЦã׻ʿ϶Ǵˣ̰ԵϣǲҪ
޳ҪʩչȻһ󼫺֮ԯ۾űŽ׷˹
޳üĿһбһ⡣ܲתԯԯͷ־ͽұĩȻҳȥ𣡡
ȥɣԯĿ佣³һѪžһڱŽ֮С
ʱǺŽǺһɼ֮ӶΧϨ𣬱˪ᣬת۾ͱһƬ
޳һɿ׻ߡһ֮괫һ¾ͽǶ˱
׻һ𣬶غһֻдڵۡ
޳һٶȣ
׻һ㶣һĨʣ˵ͽȫͶڣݡ
СӣɣԯѾϵ޳ߣűŽǣŶɱ޳Ц
޳ͷһʱֻǱ˪֮ǲ£似׻ʿ϶ܴ
ӻ֮յĻԪŨһţ৵һƤСʱΧһƬˮڵϵḻ́㻯һŻһ˲ͻɾ
ԯüͷһ壬Це˼ҽյҪ㵽ж͡ߣ
ŽǸ߸һ٣һһ޳һһβظǵ׻ϡ
㣡׻ʸ˵ش󺰡
ǣԯ֪ԼˣûŽǣһ⽣һ㣬޳
޳ٶ㣬ͦϣסϴѨﵽ¡һȭܿһ
ˣ޴ĺΧһƬագʧ׻УͻȻ˫ۣð̡
ˣҪˣ
޳ɫһһ˹ȥƣ
ƣ׻ɵһؿͻȻһ磬̵һ£һ飬ֱ㶵ţƣƣƣҪƣ
޳ؿתͷһ۾űŽǣѾ߷һ޴ĻԯۣͻȻЦˡ
ߣԯ۲мߣ˫һӣǵĻǣ
ضǼ֮;ĻȫϨ𡣶޳ȴתͷһ׻ʣЦ˵һ񣡡


1250 ͻ
׻죬Цɵãûطйء
޳һЦץʩչǧ٣ű֮ƻδγɣ৵һ±뿪ԭء
ԯѪźŽһӣȵǧ⣡
ʱһ˪ӿ˷ӿȥ޳׻Ŀռ䣬ǳĺɫ󣬲ϱ⡣
޳һ׻ʣͻƣĽҡ
׻һͷյУ˫״̬޳Աһһ򵱹ĪڻԪ㳲¡¡תγһ޴©
ǰڵڶһΪĳһС޾Ļ泯ӿ롣壬һ޴ĺڶϵա
ǧת۱㵽Ҫǰ⣬ͱ浲ס˪֮յþӨ͸ˮȴŻϢϽڡ
Ƭ֮Уǻ𡣴ʱ޳ٻܲ˵سӿ
ԯı⾹Ȼ浲γ˶ţȻ˭ǰһ
ǻģ޳ȴϾضţӡᣬһĴָƮֻƤС
Զ뾰һȺ˿ս޳õñȥҪȥͻȻͣؿŹĻ档
죬б䶯ģҪ˰ɣ
ǰо飬Сһ㶼ο˵顣
Ҳһأж޳Ĳѡ
һӦһϲؽԯϵıǧҪɹˣ
ҷλҲǾһתͷžˣɭЦνϾҪΪˣǾȥɣ
˵ţ
ƢҲɱҾ棡ֱȫչֶ̧žһУǻˣһ٣ȫûȥ޳
ãһȥǬһֵֻĽƷһ£һҪס
ѾûתͷսУ˴
߿ƴ໤ۿһˡֻԼһ޷æ˵Ǹ׸
ǶһԷץסС˵ˣ
һߣ޳ԯҲ뼤ս֮СŽѾǳһɶߣһ޴ĺ̶˿˿ɢż֮
ԴԴϵĻӿһֱ޳գ򱻱˪֮ĵ׻˫ĿգӺزžİ
ʱǿ֮£ΧһźɫĻΧš˼άȫһƬȡҪȥȴܲ͸磬ûһ˿ġ
ͻȻоӿһϸһƣ־һŽĻ棡ǻ˼һ㣬ֱֱسʶȥ
ŵһϤϢһϲں޳ĻԪأ
һɣʶŻ󿪣Ԫһûʶ֮СֻǻԪͻȻ٣ವһûʶ
׻͵һ𡣸оΧԼźɫȻԼһ˿
ڣ޳ͻȻ
׻һ飬ֽһķģ৵ӡԼüġдеķӡܹ֮жݵĽǱ
䣡޴ĺ׻ڴӺһƬ泱һҫ۵ĺâȻɺڹ̽ϵı˪ڻ
ԯ˫һУضǣȻʱͻƣҿǻˣ
˵ţŽǷŵߣһƾವƮ
룡޳͵ۣһĻ泯ԯɷȥ
𱾾ˡ޳ڵĻԪһԵ˳֮ǰĶҲųȥ١
ֻǺɫĻ̱˺ɫһī֭ϯԯۡ
ۣܲˮȼյˮѾһʪ˵ۡ
СӣԯͻȻһЦַ̧ɿصסϼѨһ⣬˺ö඾ͱԡ
޳ϣһŶڻֱֱ˹ȥ
ɫĻѶϣ;˪ȫաԯ˫һŽȥγһƬӲıĻ
ڣȼյĻͻȻϨ𣬻һ¾ͱ˪ǡ޳һȭͷֱ˶ϡ
飡ȭͷ˲ŴüűĻֻ¡һĻ֮ϾȻһ˿Ѻۡ
޳ȭٶȿ쵽¡Ļسһһϸۣһȭĺ֮£һ˱顣
޳ٶȼ죬һֻһ֮䣬ͳ˷ԯɫһҪñŽȥȴֵۡ
ʲôŵʵȻʹˣ
ҿˡ޳ޱؽ㳲ֱֱعϺŽǡ
ʱһҫ۵֣ŽǷһء޹Сڿ
룡ԯܹ裬СӾȻĿŵǿ벻̣ٱǳսȻ
ʱԶ׻ʺȻһ𣬶Χʼ¡¡졣Ҫͻˣ
޳һϲӿӶᡣŽԯ۱ͨʱƣͬԯ۱סһ
Ҫԯ޳Ķ֡ŭɶ̧ƣһŽǡ
ˣŽǷһңضöһ
޳һץסŽǣɻûȣͻȻ类̵һɿ֡ˣŽѾԯ۽ȥ֮ϵȻܵõ
ɴʱݵȥƳԯѾŭ𣬽ŽջأֱֱûŽ֮С
ʱƬռһƬ޴ĺ֮һС
ˣ׻ڽҪͷƳһ붼ûͳ˹޳ŪҲҪ
޳ͷԱߣڵĻԪأչʺϴ˵صĻϱһƬ⣬ԶĻܵ籼ڵƥѸ͵ؿ񱼹
޾Ļ壬ԪٵɾĴԪ޳ָһǴԪһϸϤû׻ڡ
׻һ˷ͻƹͷʱ⾫Ԫ绢̧ƽԯεסһǵصб¡
Ԫһ̱ͨԴԴϵ׻ڡԯɫһףתҪӡƽ֮ʱ䣬ƽ֮˻պһСͻᱻ˸ɣ
ȴ治֪ʱһϣһʱȻ޷ͻƣ
ʱ׻ʵѾʼ޴ڣϣ緭һ㡣
׻ģԯӲȥһ㳯˹ȥʹʹҲûã
ԯûŬԪ³һԪעŽ֮УȵŽǻң
ءŽǲһ£һ½ԯλסһ̣洫ԯɷ޺޵
С飬Ϊֻǻƽף
漴¡һ죬Ž֮춯úŽǲѡ
޳Ƥһ׻ʺӿٶȣ
׻ҲʶԾ̰ҪϢһһѸѹ
ͬʱϵϢϱǣƲͷ͵سһѪĹֱ񷡣
Զľˣ̧۾Ϳ͸ϤϢĺɫɫһϲǻˣһǿϢϣѹǹ


1251 м
ǧһ֮ʣ޳ϣһѨֱֱسǵǿնȥ
أ޴ĺܵĻ棬޳һ㵲׻ǰֱֱضԯۡ
ʱԯ۽ŲȺĺŽǣͷڿз裬ħüһѪ죬һʢѪұܡ
飬ȥɣԯۿЦֹ޳ڿϡ̧ͻȻ٣һԼǡ
Աɱ޳첻ѣûףȴԪֹҪǿͻƣ
ģ޳ȻӦԯ۾ȻҪǿдͨͥѨԪƸۣҪƴһĳɹͻƣô
޳ǣһֽس嵽һ׻ƿһ߳ԯۣһ߶׻ʵԪٶȣ
׻һ޳죬ӣ
׷Ļˣ˭ҲϷ򣡡ԯ磬һγһ©Ԫʼӿ
ſ˫֣غɣɣͻƣ
·յĳٻԪʼ궯ϳӿȥһߣ׻Ҳƴᣬһֱߡ
ԶԶȥֻ©أؾ롣ܽգ潥¶Ƚ͡
ɹȻʹǿͻƣҲܽɱԪҲЩżû뵽ԯһžȻ˷񣬰ʵ˵طǿھȻ󵨵ǿͻơһŪã߻ħǻ
ڵܣ治ٰ
޳ѾϣſԯС˫Ŀһɣǿ¡
ʱԭӿԪ·ռǿĺһ㣬ͻȻʧȥơ
ԯкһָ£һֱ޳š
޳һʧԭءƵƵһӰǽһӰԭأεؽԯΧס
ߣΪֹϷ룡ԯЦƽеıŽһףȣ
ˣŽһ޴֮ǰͬʱҪһ㡣
ã޳ͻȻоһǿΣУʩչѸ˵ءһĹ⽣ԭվķȥ۵һ£һ󶴣
ǿ޳ֱܽӴ򴩣ɲ벽ǳɱġ
һ̣춸ֻǱŽͻȻ죬ŵһǿɱͻȻѿ˷䡣
ۣ
һܵƿֻһ˲޳Χסԯ۵ļʮӰ㱻Ӱ٣ճһ޴Ŀն֮޾Ԫ³ԯӿ
Сӣֹˣһɣ̵ģѵһСë۾͸˭Ĺ˭ԪͻȻݺݵ˵
޳һһĨᶨûȻֹˣУͲ˻һ
׻ߣԪزܲ˵ش߶ʱһʵĹâЩâ֣ܿ£һƽǽƺڷǺڵɫ
޳͵˫Ŀֱֱؿ߿գȣߣ
ʱԪںϵĹâһ£ɸԶΧɫʵʱ޹⡣޳ΪģȻγһƬǿ
֮УûиߵͣûΣûǿΪƬ֮Уֻ޳ߣף
ΧԪһӵ񣬵õĳָͻȻҵųͷβĻ⣬˭赲ǹң
Ƭռһӳֻص磬ϯем޳ֻǿ׳ͷͣ
޳ʱϽЩ֣ȫһԵ׻ڡ
ԯԭŵЦϣݵغȵҶҪʬΣ
׷˿һԪ৵Ž֮СŽϵͻȻһ£һȻһƬڹ⡣
ԯ̧һƣŽǱɿתֱֱس߿շȥ
գԯһȣ˫ַǰٽӡһֹϵķĴָƮƵسŽǷȥ
ЩַƮŽ֮УʱúŽǱһɣɣɡһͳɽߡ
ԯ۲δֹͣϽӡĲƮһŽ֮СͬʱŽǲϳѽնڱΡЩӿԪһԵգԴԴϵشԯڡ
ӿٶȣҪͻˣԪżغͬʱҲ˫ֽӡһСͼƮȻ
ͼ׹һԭĻ֮Ԫֱֱûͼ֮Уת޳
޳ӳ֣ƶʱǿࡣ͵һȣſƴ
һߣ׻ʵ¶һ˿ʹı飬ӿϲܡһѵֻгסܴͻơ
ҧõѹһɾֱʶ
ʶʶ´ҪͻƣԼʶϿɡҪϴﵽҪھϴﵽǸ߶ȣ
޳ϸ۲һ׻ʵûд󰭣ĵԯ
ԯбŽ޳ƾУӣ
ΧһƬԪһƬϸԶսľļˣѾͣ´򶷣㵵ؿ۵ķ
ֳֻŵдһ޳֮ǰʮмӦᣬǿǱȥæ
мѣȻʶ٣ǵһμʶ˷ľٶֻǸ븽Ľ飬ͻȻ뵽ʲôҡͷɣǴʱȥҲᱻߡ֮Ӧ÷˳룡
˵еͷǾס⼸ԣǲֵ
漴ɫ䣬Ǳʲôŵһ㣬㶵ʵʲô飿
ȻһԴϣ̵ģʲôѹǣӣƬռҪˣ
˵ţҲ˵ֱ޳ɱȥһ·ͺ޳סְƬռҪŪˣ
Ƭռ˲ҪƽпռɣԭͷǳһСģͻʱһռ䣬һ㣬ž顭
ˣռ䱩ҵɱǼǧζ㹻
󾪲ѣֱ׷ɸճ嵽һ룬ȴȻּӰ޳Ǳ߳˹ȥ
ǽǣԣˣղһξԲʮˣ
͵һͻȻʲôһҧǼҴߵҪǲģ͸ȥ
ǲ£Ǽ붼û룬ͬؽ
صصͷһоڲУȫ޳ȥ
ʱ޳Ѿ˰Ȼ׶Ρ׻ʵѾǵ£ʱпͻơԯ۸һͷһ㣬̾һ̰ҲǽҪͻơ
ͻȻԶʮӰӰԽԽ࣬ԽԽܣˢˢȫӿ
޳͵һֻоһǿѹƾѹ£һӸࡣƱ˷ӡһ㡣
ΧЩӰֳÿ˶һֳһһֽӡһĳϳһ޴ͼͬʱռԽԽ죬ԽԽƬռҪ飡
ôô׾ͱˣԪͷһʧãħмˣ


1252 м
޳⣬Ԫͣħ󲻵ܹסˣҪǿԻƿռ䣬ҪͬھյڶصС飬Բأ
޳ͷһ󣬶Կռĸ֪ǿʱ΢һͷ˲Ծ
һ亹ʱƬռڱ飬ΧĿռ䶼𵴡Ƭռ飬˴ŴʩչǧӳȥҪȫˡ
Ǽֱ޷
һڣǹݣ
ǿ뿪޳ϣһ׻ߣзڣѾʱ̨ͨ˽Ҫͷ
ȥҪһ񣡡Ԫ쳣صؽ
޳˭׳صҪԣһҧ׻ʴҰƹأң
˵ŽһתͻȻֵϰٺˣȣǽմݺҵȣֻҪ޳ܹųȥһҼ㣡
˲ҪǵҲܵǣ޳ͲǺˣǷҵһŹ
޳һ˵žһһ㣬һµͼȻ
¸߹ۣɢ⣬˿̵飬ǣ
һע֮УǱѵħޣ˵һһֵƵĹΡ
ǹһ磬עĿֻһ¾ͽϵѹࡣ
޳һɣˢˢ𶯣һӰķӰͻͻֱֱ֣سϰٺ˳ȥ
޳СĶңԯѾײҪ޳ҪȥƻͼæźŽǣ޳
һƥ캮˪ɢɱ֮δƽͽ޳ΧԪסʱǶѾֹͣգǧž
ֻһɲ޳ͱס
ȴǲмһ䣬һһŨĻڱһ¾ͽ飬ֱֱسͷĵͼȥҪֹƻռ䣬Ȼ룡
޳ռҪˣʱԶ
޳һ𣬸ߺȵ׻ʣ
˵꣬ʩչһ⣬޿ɵֵسͼȥԶոϵͼһĻѣŵغͼⰡ
޳ٶȼ죬ֻһ˲ͼ֮Сֻۡһ£ͼһ̲ѪƮɢ
ݵļǼֵЩͼˣ㵹󣬱ǿϲ
Ȼˣôף
ħ󣬱ͷǳרŶԸִħζɣٲ
ոϵľؿѪŵҡͷûôģ
λҲǳ𾪣һ˿ʹͿϧ޳һ˲ţȴû뵽Ȼô˸ˣɺޣ
ꡭȻͻȻһʾ˸Ͽˡ
ۣתͷȴڼıʱһؽһ̣ȥ
뿪֮ͼȻһ¡¡ԭڻתͼͻȻ
֪˭һ䣺ͼм䣡
ʱҲЩԭҪȥˣæҵسŷӡȴȻֵ޳һȭУͱޡ
ǿûв壬Ͷ̥û˿ܡ
۾Ŷ
޳ĶѸ쳣ȭͷһһ㣬һȭüˣһѾ֮һ
ԯһͷͼʱа˱ɵͼҲʧȥԭе޹⡣
޳һҪݻͼԯ۵ıƽʣµ˳ȥϱһźдĹâһֲħȭͷ̧¡
ءһƺ߶һѪвĻһգΡ
޳ΪǾͽˣ棡ԯͻȻЦѾռͼģһǬؿ޳£ܴ
޳ãҪȥֻǬȴͻȻһ
ɿһĺ籡˲佫һСƬռ䶼סУһھӨ͸ı׺¡һ˳
׷ˣԪ鰵һ߷ߵؽǹȻԶĳЩйϵ׷֮ͶϾִԲУ
Ԫ˼Զѣֻȴ˲Ҳ²⡣ͨಢֱܱǬУ򲻹һʱͻֻо棬ſܾô֮죬֮ˣͲ֮ܳΪˣ
޳ȥҪǿڱסȴԯñŽһ衣ôһ飬Ǳ״һ죬һױ飬һӰð˳
ǾȻñЩǡ
Ȼԯ۵ҫԯҵĶžǽ۸ܹھűħ£ǵĸ
̵ģȻСӣ׼ƴԪҧгݵغʱû޳ôֻ࣬һֱû޳ʶ֮С
޳ֻǰǹһѶϢԺ֮С
űħñ֮˱ǧ꣬ǿħħܹסܣ
ܹסܣ޳ĳȵףǧ꣬ǵ濴޳ϧֵ̣
֪ԪȴͻȻŹֵһСˣЩֻӡʮ꣬Զûô
޳ĶʱһɣҪȥǴսȴԪһ䣺Ҫڵ㣬Ҳ練ơ
ã㲻һԽ𣿡޳ǷˣղŲͳȥˡ
ǳ벻壬кЩȻһţһûУȴѸ৵һ¾ͳ嵽ͼ档Ǭ뿲޶𣬰˸վһλʣһͼġ
ǸһϢۼͽԭȵĽ˸ϡá
޳ɫ΢ؿǡȻǺ޸Լ˶˺ģЩ˲ֵ𣿲๼
תͷǻ׻ȥ
Ļ䣬׻ͷȻһںڹֱͼġͻıʣ˶һ
Ԫħмǿ׻ʵ˹һҪƴˣ
޳ףаȥ
ְգһеÿ㣡Ԫ˵Ѿʼӡ󣺡ͼֻ㵲Ϣ֮䣬ҪպûᡣʵڲУүүģǾͿأ¸򣡡
޳صͷãת׻߷ȥ
һ̣׻ͷǵڹűħУһʯǧˣͼʱ
ǼԭվıˣͻȻ־ٷһ֮뷨֮ڣһһƬģ뷨һֱֱָͼġ
˵ۣעмˡͼâһɼ֮ɢΧռıٶӿ죬˷ƬӿۿžҪγɿռ籩
һϢԪͻȻȣһƬâ޳ͷƮסȫ
޳һһᣬԪС
˵һ˱ҵͷתڳص׻ʾһҲղסױ˳
ᣡǳ۷壬ǳףǳнףͻƳɹ
ԪЦõؿ޳ЦյЩǱûǱɿ
޳ҲǴ㵣ղһʱһ磬׻ͨΪá
׻ʸղŵıܵصɱԴγһϣǡõסħĹֻǲһᣬͱħʵھˡ
ԪϢϢӦÿԳȥ
ţ޳ͷҪжȴͻȻɫ䡣


1253 ๼
ô
޳㵵ؿһĿռ©ǶüʮӰغţ㣡ǲ޵Ҫ㣡
Ԫ鼸˶һ㶣ƿڴ̵ģһĶѣ
޳ؿӸղžû˶ԯۣͻȻЦõĺܣǴḷ́
ԯû˵һĵŮͻȻ˽ȻΪܹɱ㣬ǿνѾĻ˻ӵĻҲȫûˡ
ǲм޳УѾǸˡ
޳ؿɱȻںԣǹųЩеıǰЩ˶Ƚ漸ص׷ߣǷǳġ
ƾǲΣճҪ޳Ƿ˺ôһ顣ЩˣȻеʵǿûһث֡
޳ȵû£ȥ
ȥˣȻˣͶ°ɣԯЦȺ˳ȥ
ң޳һȥ
ɾʩչǧҪסԯ֮ʱűȻһһĽֱ޳
ವһ£ܿᡣ޳ëϢܵص廤ס
أ
ϢԪֻʣһλˡСӣҪˣ
޳ֻǳΣЩ˾Ŀ΢΢㲻ûǵ
޳üͷ壬ҡͷΪҶҾڲˡ֮һϣҲҪһԣ
㡭ðɣ㣡Ԫ޳ƢʱҪȰ뿪ʱ⵹Щ˴ûгֹΨһģǾȫ
Ҳо׷ױ̬㲢սͼǼôܹһӡ
ԣСǻѣһϣƴƴմգŸλҲˣҴǣؽ
ʵţ޳ȣǳȥҲǾͱ
޳һ˵һԯ۹УѸ˼ŶԲߡҲսţЩ߱˹ȥ
Щ߻еӣΣ³˼֡ȻȥҲûгֻվڿռ佻紦ŵض޳
޳Ǻռ䲻ȣпܻᷢռ籩Ǿʹԭأ򲻿ɢ
Щһ𣬶뺰ǣ
磬һҩ޳ڡΪ֮һ񡣾ƴһҲҪǰȫƴľһ⡱֣һ֣ЩãЩȴᣡ
޳սᱩǣսȻγһΧȦһԪأ볯עȥ
ɱ¾ˮһս⣬γһǿķ㡣
޳˫͵һɫâһԪһʼںϡ˾ֵУһϳǿޱȵ
߳˭棡ǿֱضΪ֮ʧɫԱǾŸˣܵ˼Ĵ̼˪֮תɼڤԴԴϵעͼС
أͼ޴ĺһֻݷľ޽Ҫѡ粨һ⴫ռ䶼ʼŤ
Ǽڤĵζ޳ȻɢζȻ뵱¹ŵҵļڤͬԴͬڣ
룬ײһɾ޴ڤײ̵ֵðһҫ۵Ļ𻨡
ǻ𻨼ȥγһƬһ𡣼ľͷǼ꣬бǱʱգ޳֪Ϊħͼܹƿռ䣬⼫ڤԵʣ
ɴʱɲϸ룬ԲСľͻٲļ˶סߣȴȻһĵĸоȻȻҪϷ
޳ҪľЧ֮ʣٱƽһȭ˹ȥ
ǰüȷӦܹǼӰʵסһܲ¾ͱѪ
Ľˣԯۣ˶¶ɫһƺһǳĸ֣Сӵսʵֲ̫ˣ
˷ǳȥɣɱŷл
չɫǳĲչ¶šǰüҲƱŷһɱ
޳һͲ˷СȻ֮Уףת㳲ɫֱˡ
ǶõĻᣬвĵһںһ׷ȥ
һײ绢رǣٶȼӿ죬ݵһ¾Ͳˡ
ǰüֻüҽһͱ顣
ٹ۽ģȻӿݣȱһֻ첲һȣ㱣סһ
޳һеҲǣޱȣۺ񣬵ӳ⣬ôܲ
ʹб޳ɱ
޳ĶɱģЦһֱɱȥ
Ĵ󾪣ԯϾңӦ飡Ҫǳ£Ҳù
ԯ۱в¾ɫŭԣʯ˵û£Ȼһ鷳
ºݺݵתͷĿռ©ȥҪ߾ȹЩв޳
ɣ޳һ赲ļ״û޳µԱȥ
޳ЦӣǵÿûǸû뿪֮ǰ˭ߣ
µԪأһƬ֮ݱƬռԭеĻԪأǹԪأһӺһ㣬ವطɱͬһƬ
޳һԯۣͬʱעС£Ƭռ䱬һƬҵһϲɣƴ
򣡱ǰڽڶ֮ǰۺһЩȻδȫͣʱѲС
ɿӶݵĽͻǱһʯѹһ㣬˵һײͭǽڣͷۻ㵹ز
źߣͬʱ޳ԯһƣһ챻ˣ۵³һѪ
̧ͷؽǵѪһĨݺݵضԯۣһһص˵ڣ˭Ҳ˺ǣ
ǰǵ棬Ѿɱ˺öˡȻѾ൱źִԲٷ
ԯЦתһľűħ󡣴ʱͼ޳İγɶ֮ƣһʱ֮˭Ҳܽ˭ơ
Ȼ¶һЦݣʧķһЦˣǾһµɣ
޳赽ֵزɱҲ޷㣬һҪһ飡
˵գͻȻȫעŽ֮УþűħȥŽǷһ޴ġء˪֮޳һʧơһԯ۷ͳ壬űŽǳ˳ȥ
СӣҲˡҪ֧ķ̫ҪӿٶȣԪȻżؽղһͼ޳ṩļӴǵĴҪùˡ
޳ɫȴͻȻĶ棬űħΪԯŽǵļ룬ʱһɷ츲صƺȻֱֱܡ
꣡꣡ԽԽ죬ռ俪ʼŤСΧת۾ͱɴƬĶ
֪˭һռˣ
ֻһ˲˵֮˾ͱһͻȻֵľ޴ķ籩ûʧȥӰ
ռ籩ˣȺ˵


1254 û
Ϣ
Ԫų籩޳λᶼûˣ󣡡
ղ޳籩ģЩ˶˳ȥԼȴ籩롣ҪԪ鼰ʱͼѹʱ޳Ҳռ֮ʲˣ
޳ԿҡڣҧͷһҡһǼ˶ˣ
ʵ̫ǿܽô˶Ԫ֮УҲô棬ɻᱻ̵ʬ޴棡
ɵ㣡ԪҪʱ϶һѪ˳ɵСӣһڹϾͷ󡣵Ҳԣ͡
úݾͺݣԵ˺ݣԼݣԪһ̾ϢԼİɣ㣡
Ԫ顭޳ԭΪԪ黹ȰҪѣû뵽ȻͻȻ֧
Ԫȴ̾ȻЩҾЩʱ򣬻ű˸ʹࡣǾȫӪȡ
ɫȻһһɨղŵ̬ƴȫɣƾôƣҾͲŶǣ
޳һԪһֱľʦһ㣬˿һ־ʱӼᶨ
صһͷΧռ籩
Ǵǰǲ֪޳뷨ֻżشҪˣȥǵøǱ𣡡
޳ѵغȵǸʵţ˭Ҫ˵ɥֱӳȥˣ
⻰͸һϵϣʱԪеļ˻һ˭ҽ
ֻһ㣬ؽԣʲôռ֮ǸʲôħҲеƣұڶȥ֮ʱһַܹռ䣡
ʲô޳ѣһȫ赲籩Ϯһæʵ˵ʲô
û𻰣ԪͻȻ֪˵ǸĿǰʵδﵽǸֻеﾳеͨȻҸղ˵ˡ
壬Ҷû˵֪ˣô֪޳ǵģǱţӵؽе
ԪһۣǸǵҡ˵һ룬Ȼס˿ڣƺмڸۣת޳ͻȻһ֮ⷽͬ
Ǳˣ˵ص㣡ʱ޳ֱӴߴٵ
Ԫɫһ࣬ƽܹ֮ܲͻơӰ벽ǳ뵽ǳ磬ʶ󣬵ʱɽ֮ƴռ֡
ǻ˵ǸԪԿռ֮ƿءֻҪҵǸƽ㣬֮ƣͿ԰ȫشƿռ䣡
޳۾һУãԣ
һԵľϱ仯ı飬żʵôˣҪ취ȥϴźã
ȻԪ֮У֪ԪͼԪϢԼղǶԻҲֻ˾˲֪˺¡
ع͵Լ޳ԪԪɲй¶ȥֻؽⲻأ޳Ѿ˰취Ǿ䣬ȲҪҡ
ɫǵͷҲֻˡǿɺޣҾȻʲôæﲻϡ
˵ţȻʲôǬͳһҼһСӲؼʱҲֻܹǳܹ߶ţҪʱˡ
Ҳ飬ӹļһģˬʵؽСܲİɣ޳ûôװܵģ
˵ô˵֪ɫڸǡ˵ԱǼͷתߣǴҴһ¡
Ǵʱ޳Ķ
޳ȫų׵ķҪӰ벽ǳǳ磬̸סһС˵ȴһѡеһ޷ͻơ
ϸԼĵƺͼȫһ飬ɻû뵽ʵķͻƵǳ磬ĻۺͶԾ򣬴ʱ߶ǷȱҲ֮ǰһֱͻƵԭ
Ѿݲ롣ھűħ£ռ䲻ϱ飬ƬƬк롣ռѾŤ籩ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ͡
޳òѳһ籩̧ͷӭһ
ʩչǧ٣ǰȥ;׷ߣмǲɳɢ໥չŵ㣡
С˵ֵһᣡͻȻһæ
һǰóǰû˵ϣϸһ־Ȼһۡ
ϲעʱ۷һ͵رһһɳ۳ǰɢغ⡣
öСҲ򵥰ȻǶģ籩Ӧò⡣Ԫ͵
޳ߴˣǸϿȥ
㲻һ𣿡˼޳ȻתŵסһǵĿռ籩ͣסŲżʵ
Ƚȥ͵޳ͷҲصؽͬʱΧסǿ񱩵ķ籩
⡭Щȫͣס˽Ų֪޳ˡ
ǰЩ˵ĺ׾˹ȥŭȵĥʲôϴΪҪˣٸĥ䣿ȥ˭Ҫĥ䣬ֱȥ
Խ˵Խ޲лⶼû˴ãô׾˱ˡ
ûԥȫһͷ֮С޳˼ǶǵֿˣֻܾԼȫǶ޳İ
ûã۷޳ѾۣһҪأ
ã޳صػһ֣ǶǽڶԼ
Ҫ䣬ûôףҪûôף
޳˼ɣֱռ籩ԯۡڣһ뿪
ԯռ籩ڵ㲡ǰǿͻƣͷֱ޳һ裬ȻѾƽףǾǳȣʱ׶Ѿ֣
޳һ۱Ƴƣ̬ЦųвԱУԯۣɣ
ԯ˫ɺ죬޺޵ҪΣ
˵ţϢ͵رǣƻعⷵһ㣬ʡֻǹŵһ룬ͻȻһͣչǺȥ
ĵغűң
ã޳æˣ޿ǾŸ˼ٳӿ
ɢļڤ֮;ĿռȻ˷籩ĶʱԯǰͼģһӾת䡣
ԯ۹ܵؿЦ޳㲻Ҳģ
ղѾ֣ǿʵƽ׶˼𺦣պҲͻơ˵
ƹˤ޳һµɣ
ԯ˵ţһ£Ȼѳ󣬽Ԫȫȼ
ʱűħǣһҫ۵ĺֳǺ⸲סŸˣư˻أǵ۾ҫ۵⡣
ǽͷ͵̧ϣ۳һžһ»񷣬·ͨǾŲһ㣬һŨĺֱֱûͼ롣
أħ󳹵׿֮ŲãϢ籡֮һб˲仯ĩ顣
ģ޳أۡ󣬿ռ飬޴Ŀնϯ
ٿһ㣡޳ǧٷչ£ѾһӰڸڱ֮ǰ嵽ǰһѿתͷܡ


1255 ƣ
ܣԯ۵ţָͼ
ˣȻ޷ˣԪȻҪǿռ̫࣬ʱйҲ޷ȻҪռе޵дڣʱֻ·һ
޳͵һ𣬶һȻͷ˹ȥ
ԯһ㶣Цĺãħɣ
裡޳͵һŤ˸ʮȴת䣬һȥҪô˵Ȼһȥݣ
ӲģԯۼŽǣһͼ֮С
ʱħâ貣ǺⱬмʮɣضᴩƱأ֮գʲôû¡
޳ܵļֱ֮͵һǽٶһ֣৵һ³һĿռ㡣
ԶԶܵһ˿ľϢֲ˵סĿռ䡣ԥس˹ȥһȭǿռ䡣
أ޴ײƬռ䶼òһһ˿ϸ΢Ҳ֮
޳һȭֻһ죬һҫ۵İ׹˽
ǿȻסĿռ䣡޳ʱѣæ˳ȥ
˭ߣ·ԵĶħһ㣬ԯͻȻһ˲űħͳڿռ©Աߡ
޳ǰתһ۴©֮Сɿתһϣסԯ۵ȥ·
ȵǿߣ
Ҫ£Ƿſңдŭ
ߣ޳ӭħûԪͼӳ֣һܵ˲С϶ദѣѪ
ҧһһ赲ڳڣò
ԯ۳˳ȥеҪռ䣬ƶҪ飡޳ˣ
ϴ󣡡дԵʹ಻ѡ
һû޳ҧ洢Ԫ֮еޱת
СסԪҲޱȽţ޳ϢϢأµ˵У϶ռһؽصĻ֮ȫ޳֮Уһͬ
ˣ޳޷ħ󡣾λ֪ʵı˼ԯŽǵȼգĿǰ˵һ޵еĴڣ
ͻƣҪͻƣҪͻƣȥض
ԿԪ
޳Եͷҧȫѹһɾֱʶ
оһ˿ů崺ƵģһɼΪˬĸоȫǹҪʶ֮ʱȻ͵һЦĳ룬Ȼڽڰˡ
޳вȻǲ
ȻͻƣΣԯֻؿЦ翴ɵһ㿴޳
޳˫һУȻ뵽һԣΪʲôԣ
˵ţȻ̧֣һԼͷġһɾֱͥѨһһҵĴʹϯȫһ̣ͥѨâһֱͨʶ
޳һΣʹ͵һȵԪգ
ϵϤչһƬյشγɣش֮У籩Ъֹ˪ˣһУ
ৣ
ƿ˷Ԫ翪բĺˮƾ٣ֱ޳
޳ſ˫ۣһβȫսȥЩȫȥʱг𣬾İ¡¡ը
Сӣ͵߻ħɣԯ۲ٿͨصħյس޳ײȥ
޳ʱоԼĵҪűƵģһɼ֮ΧԪס
лˣ¶һЦȻſ˫ۣӭħ
ԯ۴󾪣δ׾;ǰһڣһ˲һƬɫĺ֮С
ⲻǺǣ
ҵĵ޳͡
ԯ۴󾪲ֹЦԸİ׳գȻôҾ㣡
ԯ۵걬һƬ⣬һǿкڽħʱͼһת
ǾŸҲ֮תǺѾͼ϶Ϊһɢŵļڤ֮ħ
ͼԽתԽ죬ٶҲ֮ӿ졣ͼܣѾɺı飬Ԫѱᡣ
ԭҪѵĵƽһõοϢҲֻһ˲Ԫӿ룬ħıϣ¡¡졣
ԯۣ޳ܹǳ㵱һ󹦡޳ȻЦŽ
ԯһ㶣Ƽܵʱ׹궼ҪȼܻСˣҿ롣㵤ѣ
¡¡¡ħӿٶȣڤ֮ױֻһɲǣ޳ĵͱȫס
޳һ̾㲻ٿԪ룬ţˮȫ˽
һҪ鵤⡣һǡñ֮ѹԪȫڡȥ໥ȫת˾Ԫ޳ڡ
졣޳ֻоԼ屻ϱֲϽⶳһҪηۣµȣʣµΨһоǡԽԽǿͣ
ԯʶԾʱֻ޳һȣ
âһűħͼͱ߳޳⡣
ԯòһ죬ҧгݵغ޳СҪͬھ
˵λ˺ȻзͼȥֻǼмץУҲ֪ãȻವһ£ϳһֱֱزġ
𣬽Ԫס⡣޳üͷһ˹ȥȭһңһЦ
ͬʱһˮٿȻƮЩһ±֮УɾԪӿ޳ڡ
ԯݵɣħӵ¡ֻź죬֮ƶҡһ磬һɣ
޳üͻȻһֽ磬ü֮ϣ˫Ŀѽէ֡ͷһѣ¡¡ת
ǣԽǿı˪֮Ԫǿϲıǡ
âҫ߽֮⣬գȫԪӿ޳ڡǿѭϵͳ޳ߣϣƲЪͷͣ˼ߣΪ
ƹصĲ㣬㽫Ҫȫ
Сŵ㣬СԪȻ
⻹ǲɱˣ޳ЦȻһôǳģ
һγһ񱩵УӽٶȡԴƴľһٶȣûգȵƬռ䳹׻ңٲ
ǱߣҿϣȺճˣƴ״˹ֻǻδм˾ͱռ籩顣
һ㶣һʱ˷ӦУԯ۷ħһغ𣺡Ⱥռ䣬޳س
Ⱥ˵޳ռһ飬һϵӦʱռҲ飬ɵĺ˭޷
޳ˣȺרŶԸ޳ʿѾ
ʱռԽԽ죬ռŤԽԽأмֻǱŤ֮ţ˲飬òٸɾ
޳䣬ԣָԯ۵ȻǾȫµɣ
˵ţһˣֱֱس뵽űħС绯ĵӣ˲佫˺ۣƷ˿ʶһ֮һֽɫ̫⻪һסħ͵һա
Ѫشȣ޳Ҫǳߣ


1256 ǳ
죬ռŤ⻹ڣһ޴ķ籩
޳˫Ŀ貣üͷҧסǧѵڿ壬Ҫղ־һ㴸ѾļͣʱͱʳƬ
ҪסȻֻ·һ
Ԫ񾭱صͼ׼ãһԾͻῪɹܲô̬࣬治ʰǾֻƴһˣ
޳ʱֻһͷҵǸռƽ㣬ֻ֣ͻǳ
űͼʶ֮˾ˣÿÿҪȴǽѹסһʱ
ԯƴͷȻȼԼ꣬˻ƵЦҪڣ롣ͬ٣˭޷𣡹
ȻֹȼܴϤעͼСͬʱǾŸҲŷһ⣬ۼͬʱ飬ŵ꣬һûͼС
ʱͼѹذȥࡣ
޳æ߶ֱֱѹͼ֮ˮԪΪԪΪϤͼ
Сŵ㣡Ԫ޳Ҫħգ
ã޳Ȼô޴֮ڣֱӴ뵤֮УԪˣ
Ԫһ𣬶ͷЦãҷͼｻң
˵䣬ٲ¡תԪ齫֮Ԫ֮ڣͬʱּһͼʼ
֮ˮԪأͨͼ޳ڡ޳һߵĹħĴȻ
ˣʼɣһԪ˫һ㣬һͼƮ޳ͷĹâס
޵ֻƹ֮ʱʹãʱֵסΧĿռ֮
޳Ķ࣬ȣ֮ƣԪ
䣬ͷ͵سһƹֱֻ¡һ죬գй
ǰʮ֮лһ࣬ͻ۵ز࣬ټǰ׼׵Ͳһţ˿̲ͻƸʱ
һ˲䣬ΧתƣʾʧĺɫĺϣһƬǿա
޳ͻΨзڶ촵ĸ֪Уֻʣһſǳһһţضǿ
䣬ͻȻеӣȴֲǰ
û·޳Ȼѣ־ʱᶨųҲųǳƲã
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أ

θӲңоԼĺ˾綾ÿһ¶Ҫ
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Ҫأ
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޳ûЪϢһǳȥһȭȭҧƴȫ
ֻһͷ㣬ٿ㣡
ԽԽߣٶȾȻԽԽ죬˷֢ĳˣľػȭͷ
أǿ𵴣ড
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Ŀƣڵҹиֳֵǳᶨϡ
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ȫעȭͷ֮УûжĻУȫӳ
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óͷβûһ˿ءò飬궼顣ȵǣɢȴûб飬Ȼʱһǰͬ
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ǳǳΣֻҪ룬ֻҪ룬ֻҪ߱Ǹʵһ

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¡¡¡·صʯƿһɲã֮޳һůһɾкĺֱʶ
;ϣϵᱩǣ
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㣡ףнף۷壡һ£һƬ𵴣ͻȻ纣һ㱬ը
ǳ㣡


1257 
ǳ㣡
ԶЩ߶ˣ޳Լòš
ǲѹȵԽǿҲԽоΣȻһٳƵǳ㣡
Ԫ죬òһ̾ǳͷеôġ
޳һ㶣漴ȻĿǰҲֻһɲſԽ͵ͨɡȷʵŹ쳣ͺǰͻƵתȴһȻԭ
λ᲻Ҳǣ
޳æϢȹɲٳ֣ڸϢȫѹʶһƬɣǰؿࡣҲǰǿ࣬ʱֻҪ΢һܸоΧ˿˿תĿռ֮
ǳͻȻֻֿ졢ȭͷǳĸоΧһӰҲֻһ˲
һͻ磿⣬⻹𣿣
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޳Цûˣ
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ʱѹʱƱ顣ڣ㣡
ӻһ⣬һѾЩǰԭһȽƽĿռ佻ӵشһ޳·ħһ㣬תͷҪܡ
޳˫һɣ⼤৵һһŽɫĴסȺˡ
Ҳܶˣ
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޳벽ǳʱͿǳһƴʱͻƵǳ㣬ʵͻͽǳĲ֮޵СԸЩ߰벽ǳʿȻвһ㡣
䣬žžžĻƹһ㣬һһѪһᣬȺ˾˸ɾ
޳ĿӣԱһԽȵĿռȥ
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ĿͻȻԼǰӣŵûʧɫµؿһ仰˵
ղ޳ġ׳١ǿһʹһĵطҲû˿ֲġš˿ͻȻЩҲǣĴˣѹǣ
ûкҩ޳Ѿǧɷֱֱض׼ģһ̫㣬Ҫѽһ罫٣
Щ޹׷ߣ޳ֻʣºޡ޾ĺ⣬Ҫ
㲻ɱң򡪡
ҹ򡣴ҵĵߣȫ޳ˣ˭Զɱǵˣĵˣ
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޳ͷԪ½ޱߣӶһ·ߵݣ۽翪ࡣޱǿ󣬵֮ϻޱȵԪԪ⻹֮⻹ʲô
˭֪ҲصĿռ䣡
޳ؽҹ˭ֻɱ㣡
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ҪҪɱҡûǰĽݣʶ޳ѹţҲӲˣֻо־塣Ŷϱ۴ѪȾƣɺִۡ
޳¶һЦݣһȥһֱҲն䡣ԯûҲ³
ɴһɱңܲĥҰ
ô˵飿޳һЦͻȻؿڣһһʻͨһС
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ٽһӣһڹĽͷ­뿪޳һ߹ȥֱӽ͹µĽ߳Ƭ
Ҫĳױų˳
ڳ𣿡޳˫һǧɷֱָǷӴܵꡣղֽرס꣬òӴܣȻһʱ֮仹治ܽ겻պҸܸɲ
ǧɷڹ׷Ͻ֮ʱͻȻһ⣬৵һ¾ͱ
漴һۻ𣺡飡
Ǹˣ޳ǣԯ֮ʱ˽ľߡ
ΪֶͬΣ˵Σ
޳è׽Ϸ৵עǧɷ֮Сʱǧɷڹɱ֮ӡ
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ʲôҵģ޳Цһƴ
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гˣ޳ȴһ㶼˲ֻһʼѣԺҪԵģ⻹Ҫࡣ
ҪתԶͻȻһǿϢһݣϢЩϤ
ͻȻһ¡¡ãܺã޳Ҽסˣ
ԯ
޳ɱųݺݵضķ
ԯƺֻ鿴һƣԶԶһ仰ˡ
޳֪ԯϢȥƶһֱ׷ȥʵʵǿ⣬Χסԯֳֻһѣһͱ׷ϣһɢڿС
ĳһռһյ֮УڱĿԯ͵ۣ䡣ӵվߵã磬ЦŻɽǵþ촦ˡ
䣬ȻƮһֻ˷ˣƹǹĶսߣЦǸе˼꣬ԺҲįˡ
ԯתɫ糣֪ĹֶһֱЩη֪һԼãҲֵ
΢΢һףϿҵصʦߴͽ̡
˵˵ҽԯһŵʵزڿѾע⡣ЩõļһѾ⣬ҲãʵʧƷѡʣµ㣬ҿǻúһׯѵҪǡ
ԯͷǣ̣ܽʦʾ
Ǻǣǰҵطǿгأ綼ȹ̡Ѿ취ܹľٶȹ
ģԯһ粻ǻԽǺʵǳ㣡ڲݣԪУ˴֮⣬ܹߣ
ͷ޵ĺӣɭЦȻ֪Ϊôǿ𣿺ǺǣͬԴѡ
ԯ𲻽⣬ʲôͬԴʣͷȴʲôٶ˵
ͬʱ޳׷ɱ֮󣬿ʼо֡ϸ֪ſռ֮תҵǸеƽ㡣
ӿռĽǳȡ޳ʱֻоҪ˺ˡ


1258 о
һпĿ顣޳ʹѣȴֻҧסһοռ飬ݿ¶顣ʱܼСӰ쵽޹ǿɾˡ
ھߣټǰҲôɡ޳һ㣬ֱֱشռӴ޲
ģΧӿķ籩ʼ˳Ҳƽ˳һжõķչ
޳ľһ˿ֱֱصȥ
ϴ󣡡ѰľǧƬռ䣬ľһĻʩչɹһѽס޳
ٴѾ֮޳ֻۣþɢһ
ˣˣ𾰺дϲúͼó˿
޳̧ۣƼΧ˺һЩˣһİŮΪۡ
ݽߣȻֻʱͻָ˹㻹ǺܲŮգһ˫ֵĴ۾ֱؿ޳
޳üͷһ壬Ůƺ
һ֪ǵˡŮӵ죬ˬؽ㻹ǹ˶£ôǴҲ㹲ѹŪɲǾģ㾹Ȼһ㶼ǵã
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С㡣޳һЦ
ѽǵðٺ٣Ҿ˵ôءСԣϳԼ̬ͺתһ˿˼
ʱһԵ̲ס޳Թ˵Ҳǵģǿռθɣȥǳֺõ飿֪һжΣգҪѾͷЩͷסЩѰ鷳֮ˣڹѾϽɱˣ
Խ˵ԽߣȻ˺Щ
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޳Ŀתϡ߳ͷԵõƤֿɰ
˵СԪϼҵС㣬˷ƺϴˡ
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޳ͷһ˿ġ״æοģʱؿе߼״ѾǰԲûԱͷƴѹҲûɿռ飬Ծͷİɡ
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һԵȤؿʵιҰôһæ˵Ҫôң
޳ȻϼжţԪһ壬ǳ֮Ҳ࣬Żʶ֮Ĵܣǵ֮ľһȻһĴڡ
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һȻû뵽˵ߵ࣬ŭ⣺ͽӣôôûûģҲҪˣ
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Ԫ뾭֮УתͬʱһעԪ֮С
Ԫõ˿̵ģֳֺõ飬ԪүԺԲˡʵ̫ˣҪ˳룬ǿ׶༪ඡ
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޳֪ɣǺ¡Լʱ鼱֮ǿͻƣûңһΣ
ȵϢãȥǰϦ޺áƬռ죬ɽˮҲǳϢҲȶ
޳תԶ̽ȥȷʵкüռͨһԶ
ǰŹضˣֻʣµʮءԭܵһصģʮ֮һڵãôˣαһ⡣
Щٵ⣬޳ġǵģǴ˿վڸǰɫƵļˡ
޳û뵽ôּˡҾ˵㲻ҪץѱǺǣû뵽һô졣һһָ߸ϵ̬˵֮Ȼû޳
޳Щؿһ̧ۣšֱֱӹǰȥ
ɫڵ׷޳ɽ˾ʻҲӦ
޳ͷҲصص˾֤ݡ֤ɽ޳Ȼû֤ݣ鷳Ҫҡ
ɽҧҧͻȻ¶һЦݣ޳Ȼ֤ݡǲΪȫɱɾˣҸ㣬˴˳ѽĶȫҿҪôѣ


1259 ɵ
޳סתɽͷŴһ飬³һ֣Ŷ
תȥ
ɽԭЦ̣ŭؿ޳ıӰָòѣ㣬㡪
Ȼ
˭˾ҪҪСĽȻͷβˣɽĽױȥһץס޳ĸ첲ʲô˼㣿Ҫ㼩󣡡
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ۡѾ˽Ц
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޳վӣһȥԣҲڳ֤޳ոȥйݣʲôҪ֤ʲôû⵽ʱ˼ԲãʲôʵĻ˾
޳һņ̃˾ͬʱֽԼϴøɸɾɽγе˼ɫѿ߷ߵǰһָǾɣ
һȥȺ߳üˣһҪݻļơǳ޳ʹ˸ɫ
޳ףЩþյˡڣ϶Ҳȥ֪ͨ˾ˡ
ɽȥȻ⣬һ˦Ǿһȥɡ
˵գһʧԭء޳ûгɣҲȥһʱ䣬ֵ৴üƿնʱý
˴ʱûҲͰ͵ȥйݿ֡
޳һйݣͼһЩϤӰһ޳ͻȻ־֣Ҵұȥ
Ա߸ļˣͻȻȳͣô
԰㲻˵ؼȥ𣿡
䣬˶Ĭɽӳ֮ˣٿǰˣ𰸲Զ
þҪǰۣȴ޳¡ҡҡͷ¡
˵գ̧ȥλЩӡڶ֮ˡ˱ļ˶ɱòˣֻˣ֮һ
ͼ޳߹ʶԱ߱˱ܣ飬ͷ͵úܵͣҿһۡ
޳ûƼƵģȥ
ɽѾ棬޳ϵĳЦҲƲסС˵־һ㡣
޳ʱ˴Ӷϻȥ֮ˣĶ֡
޳ƻݿռ䣬ɱ޹ָأʲôҪ˵ģɽڳһӵ
ʱΧ˺öߣϷǵˡ˷άģֻһ˵αΣ׽Ѿջأ˿ڱ𴦣Ȼܲ
ɽϵЦԽԽ󣬾޳Ѿϵ⣬Ӳˣ
޳ʵ𣬿ɵ֤ݣ뽫֤óɡ
ɽһָͣշһж˵
˼ͣҧгݵ
ྲ˭ҪǸ˾һģɽ
˾ԶȻû˸ҵ
ɪӣ֧֧ؽǸңҡ
ʲôңὲˣ޳ͻȻһŵ˫һžڵϡ
޳ڨڨ˵Сѣ֤Ƿǳŵġ
⻰һΧЩˣɽĿ࿴С²Ǽ¼¶ɵ˰ɣ
ɽץסᣬͼҹȷʵҺʵϣʵʵ˵ва٣Ȼ˾Ը֮˵ֶΣҲԳܵġ
гװװӣ֪ȴŵö¸֧֧ͣؽ죬ңȷʵ޳ɱɱˡңառҲơƻġ
ѽѰĽͣ⻰ÿѾͻȻһĵŮһʩʩȻ߽Ȥؿ̱ڵϵ͡󣬸ž
ɽɫһ࣬ӭȥһСˡ˲ǽֻͣЩСѡ
ŶС龫ֵҡԴͻȻӣͷյǰʵ
ǡǣŵôҳ
ɱˣƵĿռ䣿
ǣá֣ͽͰ͵ؽ
ͻȻЦ֣ѵýţ
ƺǳżͷкðŵؽ͵ǣнš
ֽŲãǺǽЦ㵱Ӥ𣿻ֽŲãǲǻѧӾˣ
˵ûûʵģ˰кЦ֪ȴͻȻ˵ͷµǣǵġΣӾˡ
ͣסЦ㶵ؿȻָԼ̽ʵӣ𣿡
С̧ͷһۣСͷš

ֳһƬžڵȴĳСվЦЦؿִģһɵӵ֤ˣ
ɽ˶ˣŵؿֿͣĿת޳ϣ˫Ŀݺݵʵǲʲôֽţ
޳޹Ŀ֮£ûʲôӦ޳ûƢˣһٶҶá
㣡ɽҭƿԣתͷ̬С㣬鶨ΡͱǵС֮ˣղ޳ͻȻһ£֮ͳģһɡ
㻳ʲôҵҪĴǡǰҿǷǸưͣȴ˵ֻЩСô˵ˣšüëЩõؽ
⡭ɽưͳԻпԣòѪ
ٿϵͣʱͻȻɵǺǵЦռҴģҲɱģôôҲ޵еģ
˻һΡǰͣ΢üͷ۵ؽؼ㲻һעˡ˲ǾҪΣħҲǾ޷ҽˣа취ǰɣϴ󣿡
˵ţȻͷת޳ʵ
Сӵڻ¹档޳ͷԸ˼֣˳˵û㵱ףֳֺõ飬ҿɲ
⻰ָζ·׷ױ̬
Щʵڹ֣޳ƴŻסռ䲻飬ȴû֣ʵĺ
ǣ¿ɲܺڰײ֣ȻԶﴫָ˵ʲôӡ
ɽӶɨ⣬ȥǰݺݵع޳һۣ˵ڣ
ʱһ䣬غɣ޳ȴЩءһα߷ǸˡҪղŰ񣬿϶ǺһڡҴӸղŵο˾ⳬȻڣƺҲĬ˶ѡ
ԽԽ
޳л˺󣬶һƧɽ֣Ĭ˰գշ鶼ó֮ǰĶ׼ʼơ衱
ѾɣּƷҩҲ¡мأϱǶͬʱҪ߲ݡɢ򲽵ߵȼҩģǳҩ֮УһЩΪҩ
򵥻عһƹ̣޳㽫óʼǱһķ칦
ȵ߳ɽƿװʮһ裬һƿʮ㡣
ֻڻصջ֮ʱȴӭһλ֮͡


1260 ս
ν߲߲ơ޳ʱıôһ䡣˲Ǳˣԯĳӣԯ
ԯ𾲾վסջ¥ż䣬ӶĴ¿ֱֱײ޳С
Ŀ罣Ϭޱȡ޳ޱһۣµȥ
ӵؿɹ׵ģԯⰵ˰תſȥ
޳Ÿһջãͱһקһߡ
ûˣ
޳һüȻָ֪˭ֻǡǰ
˶٣ʵжʲô
±ӣü֣ʲô¶ûɣҲûκ˽Ӵһ֪ǳģڵĹؼǣҪʲô
޳ʧЦĴǻʲô̽ʵ˳ˡ
ҹʵȻ֮ܿǰ˵ǳ㣬˵᲻־ˣ
޳뵽֮ǰԪἰĹŹ֮ͷʮ֮߰ͻˣȻѰˣҲȵڡ
ȵף૵ˣҪˮˡ
ˣ޳Цſ
Ϲ˵ڼʹиͻƵǳԯǡ˵һ룬ͻȻס˿ڣ֧ſ𴦡
޳һͣɻؿʱЩżֱŤؽϴɱģҿʲôû˵
Ϊ޳ͷƺһЩҲδ룬ͷȥ
¥ݣһ˴һӴѹ޳ʶͣס˽Ų̧ͷˡ
ϴ󡣡վ࣬ؿ¥Ϸˡԯ𣬹ȻΪ޳
޳Ըһսԯؿ޳ǧ꺮һ䡣
޳üһۣһս⣬Ӳк壿
ս飡ԯȣһֱ޳š
ɱ˵ļ޳˫ĿһȻסƣָವһ¼סǵ⡣
ص𶯣һɼٴĦգ޳ֻ˫ָһƬľ㱻ˡĿһָŵģһ̽ɫƵһġսֳӡм䡣
ս飡
ΧһƬO@Ľ̸˽˷ܣǵѵõ֮ĶԾѵһ޳֮ǰֳǿͷһ˿ΡԯѾãΪҲ˺治ѵ顣
˵ĶԾʱ顣
޳˫ָһУһȻֻ۵һսȼ棬̻ҽ
ûһۣ͵˶ԷսΪ޳ǵӵı֮ʱȴ޳ҿûӦҪսֻᵥɱ㣡
ҪҪ顣޳Բ̤ʯ
˵̧һһڹԾȻϡעУڿ£һ
ԯһȭǧɷڹԺȥ
ˣ޴ĺһˣ৵һ¾ͽջըϡá
ѽ˵ʹ򣬴үۼҿջջƹĿջɥ
ҵľҵĿջ޳ЦһŶҫԪ岻мƣڲͬϱһ¢ˡ
޳ͱһ¿ԹشҸʹ죡
ԯһ㶼һҿջ˫Σյţض޳Сɱ˺ˬǲǣֻһЩĶɱҲɱˣ㣬е˼ˣұ棡
ޣҲСۿ˵͵һ㶼к³ȰҼϴѧѧҪһ۾ƨϵģ֪𣿡վһߣ
ԯƤ鴤¡֮ӣ³ȭͷ뾰һʶԵҲһף
ֻؿ޳ؽ̲ܽùͲҪ
޳ɱȣҵ˻ֲѵ
սһ޳ڿնϣһϱһҫ۵Ľ⣬ǧɷҲȾ˽ɫ
־ٽ˸һתɫ⻪һԪϤû뽣Сֻһ˲ǧɷ𶯣һҫ۵ɫϼ⡣
޳Цٽԯݺ˹ȥһƬյشֻڵһԪصĽ͵ԯǰ
ԯ̧һӣǰȻһɫǽ֮Ӷ
¡һǽ˷ĩԯȴϾվסԭأ޳
һйȥʤ޳ȴüͷһš
Ԫ飬ɸоʲôʵ
ڤĵζԪ붨
޳ڰУ֮𡣼ڤ׺ϣôϣ֮ǰǼ׷ıˣҲͬϢ
ⲻ԰ԪͻȻ׺СӵõڤҲǰǱ֮ˣʮ꣬ʱԲϡ֮ǰõڤġ
һ֣һڤйУһҪŪ׺ûйϵ
СӶͦĵġԪͻȻЩζؽСӶûôùͻȻֱĸо
޳ЦãĺࡣֻǾ˺ңʱоУƼһ㡣
ȷֻһԪ鿪Ц
޳ûֻ̧ͷԶԯ뻹ûʳڤĵ顣Ͼⶫ֪ԽԽá
ҪģɷɷСӵ磡޳ϣתн׵Ȼ৵סԯ
ԯȻ¶һЦݣЦתǳ㣬ĸ
˵ͬʱϢȻǳ׵սչ¶
죡⾹ȻǷ
ôܣǾȻһ㶼ûǻ
Χ߶ˡȫٮٮߣΪ϶סǾȻһֱûԯֻһ
ʵЩ⣡޳ɫأҲĳòϣҲǸղŲŷ֡
Сӣ鷳ˡԪȻԭȲµûǹȻԶЩϵŲ֪ⷨǾطƣԲŻ˿α
޳˿ֻҪʵߵ˲Ͳġ
Ԫȴһͷˮɱ̫硣ܹһ߷˵ʵѾǳ۷֮ϡңʵʵ۷壡
Ԫ˶٣ޱȵ̾ϢǼһǱɹˣ
˭ɹʲô޳üʵԪǲ֪ʲô
Ԫ黹δüش޳ͻȻоһǿΣ̧ͷһһ޴ĺ˪ǰϷŴ
һ
޳ʩչһʧԭءڰһŤವһ³ԯ˹ȥ
˫Ƶˮһ𣬳ԯȥ
ԯֻǱһ޳ĹȻһ£뱦֮Уһ㣬һԯڡ
ػһ½ǣһͷԵζħһ㣬ͷ
ѵϱ˼ƣԪͻȻ
ƣ¹ŵּƣ޳ҧ⻹ôĹᱻȫգ
ҵĲ϶ûڱıʲôСӣʵԪЩ˷ܵؽ
ͷ޳һ񣬾ͱԯ˿ӡ
ֻű˪ǹŲпЦδ⣬Ѫɣ
޳ֻоһϤԼӿͻһԼ


1261 һ
ԼϤˣתнʲô
޳һ죬ͱԼסֽŶʱʧȥж֮ͬס˲ƵģѣҪȴѹơ
ԭѾǿ㲻Ըô뵽ǱϣȻ˷ƣ
¹ŵسڵĽһ㣬໥ãγһӴĹϣȥϤ˵˼ӳֹڵһжûˣ
ԯЦôԼܵĸоΣ
޳ĿѸ˼Žİ취ʱǲܳˣѰ
ʱԪȴԵЩһ˿ãһ˿˷ܣԴƺкܶط벻
ôֽܻ֪ƵӵķѵҲ´ˣǵ˭Ԫüһ룬ҡͷҲԣӦôоô֣ʲô
Ԫֹʲô޳ͷˡʱΣ֣徹Ȼ
Ԫһ飬æСӣǸĶᣬҪסҪҶ
޳ᣬһæӣֻԼѰ
ԯٵһǿǰ޳ȥȫ˻
޳ֻһʹʲô˽
ԪأעԯԪأ
޳æȥ赲ǲŸһӾ۵һԼˣ
ģ޳ûôʩչٶϺ塣
ӳȥָһ̣޳æʩչǧ٣ҪӳԯĿơδʩչͿͷһһɾ޴С
СӷӦƾаԪ龹Ȼԯ
ȷʵһУ޳òϣԯֶβһ㣬ĶѾ죬ɶԷȻ죡
ԼУҪٴʩչѲܣֻðд߶עԪ֮С
Ŀ֮ȻãȻǰĨڵĹͰˣֻǸ취ˣ
޳˫Ŀһнһ֮һǿһ㣬Хų
ѹ·ܵУڵһ˼֡
ԯɫһһû뱦֮Сʱ˪âһĹⲨ৵ӳȥһ㣬ವһ¾ʹڵ޳ǰ
һοôԣ޳˫ȭһŷգһ£ѹȫ˽
ԯֻһᣬ·ǣŵķ߶һ㣬ʧȥƿʱӦϣмһ˪ƥݺݵس޳ȥ
޳ۼֿ죬Ѹײڶ֮ƣͻȻյһԵر˳
أ˪ƥصײϱΧĿռ䶼һ¡
ͳڣ޳Ŵ˫۷һ񡣵һһǿ籡һɡſŽ޳ס

ΧһƬ۲ѡǧһֻ봫˵֮а
ԯЦе˼㿴ʲô
˵ţȻҲſ˫ۣһɹλλ߽ܰճһ㣬̧ͷ
һ˲һɰϢȻ۳һɵˣһƮ죬ɢС˲ֱӡ
һ
ԶԶŹۿսǣ𶯲ѡһ֮мλӵţϲԣҪҪộ⻹ò˻ˣ
޳ؿԯϿ顣ǰȷʵǳǿ󣬿ܸоﲻ̫һ
ûϢĲһȻͬԯϢȥԸࡣ
ɾˣǳ㼤Ҳɱ
ԾĲԾ̵ģôԽԽˣԪʲô⵱УüͷҪˡҿ϶ʲôˣʲôأ
޳ûǰԯƣߵصײһ
ɽײϻɽһ㣬Χһɿ񱩵ķˣ纣ХƮҡ޳ֻоԼһʹȻڶԷı£ࡣ
ѹסҪʹȫȥȴԪͻȻˣ
ѽס֣Ԫźð
Ҳ֪ˡ޳ЦղžȻǣԯ̬Ľƣ¿ɺãȫԷգȻϤõԼˡ
ֶˡ
ԯ߿գӸµؿޱȵؽԭһ£ȻòͷҾǰɣ
˵ţ߸̧б⸡һɱ֮Ἰ£뱦֮С
ȥɣԯٵݺ£һɫâſֲı֮޳ֱȥ
޳ͷ亹ðнһҪǰȻһӰǹӰһ£ش˼ζһ¡
ֻǰһǹӰֱֱײ˵âصһâˮһ㣬ɢΡ
ǹӰವһ£ڿն𣬳ԯٵײ˹ȥ
ž
˸ɴһɾ䣬ĵڳȫɵۡ
޳ſǹӰһǰƣһɳһɺһơǰһ£Сһ˵ģ
һϮɫۣ˵һ־
׺Ȼ׺
޳ۿһȣȥֵܼӵ
ãΧһƬ׷ˡܵ޳ߣԶİӣͰ͵ʵϣϴ󡭡λλۼҵ˭ģҲֲ̫ˣһƣһư
һƣȥԯĹһƣһǳսĶ֣ɢԯķǶûףԼôģ
ңԶһյ֮У붨ԯͻȻۣ۵³һѪһ𣬴ʱȻˡ
Ҫһ㣬ݺݵʵʲôģֱܴ裡
£ûõӦüֽһʦ
ȻûлӦʱЩżվĴ鿴һ£ĵغʦڲڣ
ǲ˲Ķûһֱû뿪һ֮⡣ôˣ
˺һᣬҪȥѰ֮ʱյŴһ΢ڡ
ʦԯһϲϸһܣȻԼ֮УΪθղûиܵ
ͷ͵ղϢû飬ӽɡ
ղš
ղŵǰɡڸҺúսҽĶѧᡣУǸ޳ģʱȥǣûУ
ΪΣԯ֮ǰ⸱̬ȣôһͻȻȫˡǹͷѾ䣬ܿûϢ
ԯһȴһʡ
޳ǵʣ㣡ǸͻȻֵİƣ֪ʲôȻһŹ
һߣսѾþãΧҲɢȥ޳ȴƶ˻һ㣬һֱվסԭأ˫Ŀն޽Ŀǰ
ʱлģȫֻ޴ơеһϤĸоһϸ벻
УûһڣȴоʶܾƵġ
תͷؿ׺ȴɫЩĿ⸴ӵؿԼ
ΪңֻƵô£ҵһƬʲôҪһȴڽѹơ
ͻȻһȻ뵽ڻ꾳мһĻ
ǸƣǸơ
а׹һ޾ĺɫһʧȥ֪


1262 ɻ󲻽
ϴ󣡡޳һһѽס޳һʧԭء
׺Ŀһ΢Ҳȥ
޳һԣֱڶϲתѹȻģÿҪϸȥ룬ȴ־Ȼʲô벻
Ψһܻģԯǿʵ׺־
׺ô쵽ģʾ֭Ҳû
޳ԼԴ˹ϴû°ɣ
޳һ̧ͷʵ׺أ
׺˵Ǹӣ۾ģλţסڣȥڣû
׺޳ͷֻоһʯͷأܹˡȫͺá
ϸ۲һ޳ɫ룬ûҴλţ˵飬תһ¡
Ҫһ£޳üǴ±ȹ
ҡͷ±ȹ˭ĵ𰡣ٵ˼ǣ޲ռ©ǳʱһǱعơǴ㿪һʱ̭
ֻһ޳һ˼üӣӦûȺվǵüƻƻͨһЩ
ΪҿǣкǸжЦ˵û㡣
죬æ͵پһºֱͨߣһʮء
޳ƵʣⲻϹذɣ
ǿ϶㽫һҲˣԸɴֱͨģû飬Ҷ޳
صؼһ䣺ĵģ
޳㲻ø
ӣ޳յһˡûôˣȫ²μ̭
ܲпᣬģֻʣʮ֮һֻоλߣĶˢСɼһ
ֻǣЩ޳һȽƵ顣׺ԴٴγֺƺЩ֡˿̣һҲ¥Ʒ裬һǳ飬ұ٣Ǳһ˫ĿƵƵעӣǸ˶ܲˡ
˫ĿˣͬΪӡ
ܲˣЦ׺ţˣôҼϴ󣬲ǸǸðɣ
׺ĮܲԲڡʱҲֻǵһյ豭Ʒһڣ׺˾ʻ
죬ĵػʣȴ޳ֹס
޳ʹ˸ɫȳȥ
һ˿Ǳ˸ϳȥĺһ㣬̵˳ȥʵϣǺˡ
ߺ׺Ȼԭȵһӡȼڲ裬̧ͷĿ⸴ӵؿһ޳ͷȲ衣
޳ע⵽ԼĿУбˣг۰ѹȵȵȵȣĿ⣬һһ㣬εס޳Ҳѹ
˻ʵǻ꾳ей𣿡
ɵӣǰǰϵѲ³һЩߡһμ׺ƺֱǼڤĶȥڤģԶš
׺û˼˵ͷֻƺ«һҲŲһƨ
޳ʣйϵ𣿡
׺˶٣ҡҡͷ
޳֪ɻأʣȴ׺Щãؽ֪
֪
Ĵ𰸡޳ˣ׺Ǳ飬ʮа˾йϵԼϷ飬Щ˼ԼʩչӰ󾪿ֵı顣
ħһ壬ѵй
룬СӸһҲһ֪⣬αԼԼѰءԪͻȻؽ
޳ǵõһݣæʵ֪ЩʲôÿζţҪ͸¶֪һЩֲȫ˵˼𣿡
ЩˣоԼ͸ڹɵһ
ԪȻܾɥؽ̵ģҲ֪أ˭ȥ޳ԣæֲǲ㽲ֻЩҲûŪף˵ʲôãһ˷ܱ˷պá
˵Ȼ֪Ҷһּ䡣
Ԫ顭޳е㲻Ա˺ݣԼݣǶЩĶԼˣȴôҲݲ
ЩҵЭˣҲ֪ˡԼȥ
ţ׺޳Ȼ˵һʲôԼȥ飬̧ﶼѯʡ
޳һղԪû뵽һСľ˵˳˻ҡͷ˵ֻһôӵ۹⿴ңȴʲô˵ҾֻԼȥඡ
֪׺ȴͻȻ֣εͷ΢΢̾˿
޳ûëһﵽǻ꾳֮ʲôôһӲɣظٰʮͷһ
û⡣ղ׺񣬷ǳСŻеġĿ⡱
ˡ
òãû׺дϢֻ򵥵ؽԼڻ꾳֮ҵһ֪Ĵ𰸡
¥ʱ׺Ȼһ䣺ǰɽ
޳һͣͣסŲתͷϸض۾ʵǲлҽ
ı˵Ĵ⬣Ƿ׺̾˿ҡҡͷ̧˳ȥ
޳ȥıӰзģǰɽʶ飬ͻȻʧ٣ͻȻ
ҵ޳ʱ׺ֿһվסһ﷢
һͳǽϴ󣬿ؿջǵ˱ץˣ
ʲô޳͵ѹ
ҷˣһɱǴ򲻹ȫץˣҺòײӳ㡣
׺ȥû޳ץͷʩչջȥ
ûаȻǸ򣡡
޳Ȼƽ˼죬ڻǰͲס
صջʱѾԭȵӡнƵֵջǳһضϱڲԫǷ֮УվһȺŹʵˡ
Ů٣ΪߵͲͬǳĲ㣬ˣɷ磬Ǹɷתӡ
˳ûһɫװޱȡֻ޳ˣһɽһȺˡ
ĵϣ
޳ͫ͵һضɫ
ɢŵĲãϢῴǰɽ벽ǰǡ
޳һǺĵϣԵ˻Ϣǵʣµߣ
ɽһһ̱Ǻߡ
ǰɽҷں˶ӣһ޳ϲػعͷɵɵЦϴ󣡡
㣬û¾ͺã޳һ⣬ڵȴôһ䡣
޳Ȼɱ˵ĳ𣬽Ǿú㡣˵֮һλʮӣһüĿϣˡ
޳һɱȻӡ˵ϵãҪȽ֮ˣ
ɱһȻɱࡣҪǾǸʵȡ
ǰ˵ͻ֮Խ׶սǳĲѹκ
ϴ󣬺αͷأͿԣǰɽЦؽƨĵԲ
޳û˵ǰɽǱ߽Ŵ򣬸ղŻû񫡣һ϶Уɣ˷ʱ䣡
ÿСӣҾȽ㣡˫Ŀɺ죬ضǰɽȫԹ
ǰɽٺһЦȴǺȻɽһգż˹һЦɻУͳһ
ʱΧĿ·ͻȻסһ㣬ͣʱⲻһɼ֮ӿ
һĿ֣ŵؿǰɽ֮
ɣǰɽһͺȣ֮һס
ʱ䣬һ¾ͽǼסɲǶᣬȵ߽⣬֮Ӱ١
޳ģȴһֹͣ


1263 ǰ
Űĺ̹ǣͬ¹ŵʱһĶǣ޵СǼڤĵζ
޳ͻȻ֮ǰ׺ʻǰɽ
޳һƬضǰɽıӰǧ˼תͷʲôȴû뵽Ϊ
¹ŵأǰɽһμڤĵ޳ԳӦ뵽ŶԣСӵԼڤر棬һ׺
Ǳõˣ
޳ߵرۣǲš
ϴ󡣡ڤĵ;ˣǰɽ߾ȫʩչ˲ͽȺɱظɸɾ
ڤתߵ޳ߣϵЦȥЩؿ޳
޳Ŭѹ˿
˵գһʧԭء
ǰɽɫЩɥﻹиղŶԵʱ緢Ƶ̾˿ȥ
кǴ򣬾Ϳ˺һ˸ɾץץͷŪסתͷһŵֵܣȥ˶ֻƤأ˲Ҫ
һͷ޳ֱһɽĿյأվһʯϣһ㡣ԶԶȥһ˿ɣ͸
ǰɽվԶͻȻ߹ȥ
ǰͻȻ޳
ǰɽһ飬ͷɥǰߡ޳һɨȻһ⣬ֱֱس˹ȥ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽʱżԵرסͷ񺰣Ҫ
ˣ䣬Ӿͱݺһȭʶȥӣָ뿪ϾͽʵʵذһȭʱһȣѪֱ
֣㲻Ǻ𣿡޳ȣȭͷһ㣬ǰɽкȥ
ҿ㻻طһûȢϱأҪǰɽصذʹؽ񡣵޳ȭͷ͸ճһô㣬ᱻ򵽡
޳ȫǷŭȭͷƴҡûжԼһȭȭͣش
Ҫǰɽʹ顣ģ⿰ԶħǿȵȭͷƽһȭܽһСɽѣʻⰡ
޳ô࣬ʱֻǻߺޡΣĵǣͷֻһɳܵЦ᲻˵
һȭݺݻӳǰɽֱصɳȥ׷ǰһ߳ߵ߿С
ϴҲ̫ˣǰɽôȥҲˣһŤ˫ŵأСؿ޳
֣޳һѳԼϵӣһӦѣ¶׳ϰ
ǰɽĨ˰ϵѪûؽҴ򲻹㡣
򲻹Ҳô򣡽ŲȥֻܱҴ޳˫Ŀ棬ݺݵض
ǰɽ£ҪЦ±øҡѪҲ𣬽һ˺򣡡
޳һͷýıӣ͵ǰ˫ȭسǰɽ
ǰɽһŤתӿһܣȭͷնһתһƸ޳ȭͷ
޳˳ƽһֳڵϣ˫ڿգһǼȳĲӼȥ
һǰɽ鼱ֻ֮ȥ±޳˫ȼסһŤûֱۼϡһ̧Ż߹ȥ
޳˫һ޴ĶԳ˱Ƶö˼һйƾУݶȣ˾Ȼ¡
ؿŶԷԣͬʱһȣ͵ضԳȥ
顱ɽУȭͷϹͷһʹƺ˴Ȼ죬䤱
Ҳ֪˶ãȵϦб˲̱ڲݵϣͷϺ˰ĻƣͻȻǺЦ
϶һһ飬Ƚ֮£޳˱Ƚᣬֻ϶ࡣǰɽһƬֲͷѾ׵øͷƵġ
Цó˿ڣ˻һڵ˳˰ͻȻ޳һϴ󡣡
޳ϢѾƽͷĻƣ֪ʲô
ǰɽһᣬûӦ죬뽲ʲôȴֲ֪Ӻν𡣸ɴͣۿնգͻȻһ˿ӳ
˺þãͻȻһ͵͵ֱ֮ǰҶ룬ûΣա
ǰɽһ٣漴رͷƵؽԲҹҵΡ
㹼ĲңԼ޳ĵؽ
ǰɽĬֳĬһͻȻЩؽҺңҸˡ㻹Ըҡ
ô֪һ㣿޳üʵ
ǰɽѵٴװˣ
ȴ޳Ȼ͵͵ЦЩԳؽǲЦҴˣתȴҪͣ
ϴ󡭡ǰɽӵ𣬽ŵ˵Ҷûģϴ󣬾ҪҲԥǣҡ
޳ҲؿԼ˵
ǰɽ˸Щɬؽĸס
޳ͻһ֪϶вѵĿԣҲ뵽һҲвҪȥˡֻô˵ʱ򣬻Щ
ȻʼˣǰɽԽȫ̯ϸؽûвңʵĿģԭΪ˼ڤġ
ȥһ¡һȶĸףѹʮ꣬վѹƲסǵüڤĵļ֮Ťתռܹ֮Ȼ
ǰɽһżϲ鵽ڼڤĵļأÿĸ׵ȶ֢ǧ̽䡣һʼֻ֪Уȴ֪巽λȻ֪¹ŵطǵͼʱҲ᲻ʱû롣Ȼıҵˡ
ȻԣϴҽӽûĿġֻǵҪ棬Ųš
޳˵ͷֱԲȷʵʱҳ죬׷ɱϡһֻᱻۡȻһδգҲǾ֣һʼͶңֻ˵۹ⶾ
ͱȡЦˡüڤ׷㣬ȫ¡ǰɽ͵ԭ׺ȥ裬ҲǸˣȫˣûġ˵ֱ֮Ӵżڤˡ
̾˿ԣǴӴռ֮֮ʱˡ
޳ҡͷҪ˵ʲôĺáǺ޲ãһ
ͻȻ뵽һ飬üʵӻ֮ô£
ǰɽɫһ죬Ťؽǳ֮ʱ׺Ѿˣʱһ˵ңҲǸȻ󣬾ѾգҾͷĻؼȥ
ֻ޳ûʡ
ⲻǲŸҪ뿪ִˡǰɽƵؽòһҪȥ޳ƵݵϢģͣգȻǰʮ㶼ˡųϢ˵޳д鷳Ҳ̲סͳ˻
һҷƣǡþλСһ
ˣһжͨˡ޳ĬĬر˱۾Լȥɡ
ǰɽ˵Ǽһһǳ㣬ȥ𣿡
޳ûվǬóһϣһʧԭء
֮ûйעֻ˵ǰɽſקҵļڤȥ׺ԭ¡׺ǼһֱһƽͬڤĶȷˡ
ǰɽҲǹٴšҲ֪ȷ˼Σ׺ⶫֻǣת⼫ڤֵ޳ϡ׺ֻ֣ġ
޳ƣⶫôֳġ±㲻֮޳ӦȥһǼҡ󣬼˾ͽתƵһص֮ϡ
һ¹ȥռ޸һءսռ䣬Ļ


1264 Ϣ
޸ռһ£޳˶æŹ̾硣һʱ䣬˶޳ָһЩҩ˷ͷǰɽȥµԣýʮصʸ
޳ͻ֮󣬾΢ЩȣʮĵϢŽȹֻҪţȴⶫֱץסƣûһ
Ԫ飬ʱ߶߶ģƺһЩ¡
ǲ֪ǰɽ飿޳ʵ֮ǰǰɽӽԪʱԪὲࡣ
Ԫһ֧֧˰죬ͻȻʮؿˣҶͨˣȥ
ͼתƻ⡣㡭޳˵һ룬ͻȻһǰɽһ߽˷ܵؽʮؿˣϴǿȥ
汻Ԫ˵ˡ޳ԪһӣҲ׷ղǸ⣬վǰɽȥ
׺Ȼϵİһ㵭Ȼ޳ǣҲֻͷԼ·
޳ںʣ׼ȥ𣿡
ܸо׺˵ĿĲȥԪƺѰʲôȻ׺ҡҡͷ˶٣ֵͷ
Ǽ˼ǰɽ֪ƺ«Щʲô
޳ȴǵõ𸴣̧ȥ
ϴȥǲȥǰɽ׷ȥ޳ֻЦһҪش˼ûС
ǰɽЦŽĲ֪ϴλ˿Ϭ
㣡޳һ䵶ӷɹȥ
ǰɽͷ뾰Ц
ʮصһɽԶдеľΨɽͺͺģر
ʱѾۼ˺Щˣеûʸȥֵġ󲿷õ֤ͨߡ
޳˵ʱ˶Ծظóһ
üĸо޳ͷȥԵ˼ǣеѺһЦеĵӵıͷû˸ʼơ
Ȼһ߲ʹţµ쾧貵Ĺâǰ棬վŴԼʮˣܹһصߡ
ˣ޳˹ǹ˹֣ʾѺá޳ġѾԶǲһҲΪС
ˣҶˣҾͽһ¡ټ˵룬ɤӽʮΪսռ䣬δ֪ҪЩʲôδ֪ҪעһЩʲôδ֪
ֱ˵֪Щʲôɡôδ֪˶ʱЦŴȤ
ɫ䣬³һ䣺ֻ֪˭ܹųܹͨռ֮ս
⻰һֳʱһƬĬųͨ仰ķڳ˭
мܹųһˣȫûʮصղԶ
ؿ˳ŵı飬һ·óصҪ˳ĻüһȥûˡҪôҪôûбѡ񡣡
룡
һص֣һδ֪·ܵһصģ˭Ǽ򵥵ģ˭ûث֣Ⱥأȥ
޳һһˣ޳ǰɽˣϱΰ󡢶塢̷Ȫλ׷ߣ˲Ǳ̭ˡ
Ҫ봫֮ʱȻһϴˣ
޳üͷһϲתͷˡ
⣿з֣
Ǟ⣬ֵܡ˷糾Ͷ޳ҲǷǳ޳һܱЦǺǵصˡҪһɾҲˡ
鶼ˣ޳ˡ
ţѾϼ֮λʱһ̡һȥЦ˵
޳ȴһ˿²˵ĺʱֻͷҲã־ǳɡ
ҷȥҡ
̣ٴߴٵ
˲ٵ飬վŵСվסȺУżصǧҪСġ
޳˵ͷҲһСġ
󣬺һƬ𶯴һᣬͲ˼ӰֻǰһһٴοǰѾһƬ龰
ֻǻδվžһ£Ǳѹסһ㣬صصڵϡ
ΰ󣿡æȥһ˲Ҳһˣûһˤȥ
Σ޳üʵתͷһܡ
ֻһƬãһĺһ㣬̤ʵأȴءȥ͸һƬȴǺξ
ûоЩ죿ǰɽϸüʵ
һ޵ѹҲüͷһСĵع۲һ߽ؽ
սռһص㡣ڹżϼĽܡѹתһٽ㣬ֻҪٽ㣬糣һߡͻΰѹſ¡ҽ͵
μ棬ȴһʣһ㶼֡޳ΰû󰭣վͷžˣοصͷû뵽˻ͦģ֮Ҷ໥չŵ㣬߾
ǣͬؽ
һŬΰѾԼվȻжЩǰѾǿࡣǼ˵Уʵֻɷ߽٣ҲͬǸӲӡ
ǰȥڽĺһ㣬ܿյģ˼˵ĺવĽŲһ˿졣
⣬ǲǷʲô飿޳Ȼʵǰıܲԣһصӡ
ͷǵģżؽҪ㱨šһЩ䶯ҪͷһЩ˲һ鷴Ҳһȥͻܵ
޳üͷһ壬ʵ֪Ǻ˴ͷ
Ҫӣ⣬һЩ壬Ҳ˽ģ޼ǱߣЩҪģҼһ׷˭Щ£˲
޳Է
߷ߵصû뵽ھȻ˱ɣΪѲ˵涼Ź
ұоԹ֮Сֻ˵Ѿ磿
ͷûȻд̤ݣʱǶǳ͵Ͼܲ飬֪ΪΣͻȻ
ҲҪ˰ɡ޳Լ֮ǰĲ²⣬пġǿ϶ıЩʲô
ҲΪĶģҲǱ˲õĶ
֮Ҷһٶʮľ񣬱лɳˡһ˵޳ͻȻȵʱʿҪĲܹ°빦
˵õ裬һӿǰٶȡƬռޱߣĴɢһֵҪʩչȴȻǵͻȻʧһ㡣
֮޳кȻ֮ǰڻ֮Ҳ㱻סĸо
ȴֲ衣תͷˣǿиܵﲻԾ
ңҲܶˡͻȻ
Ҳˡ
ҲǡƬռ죬˰ˣǰɽ˽ӲӣƱ˵Ƶġ
޳˶ţȴȻж磬ؿǣǻûбĸܣ
޷ãȫޡͬ
޳һʾսռ䣬û˵
ϸһ룬ȻѽһôôҪˡҸ˵սռֱ̬˷ָ˵̶ԶѶȡΪͬͻ𲽵Ϊܹܵ
ǰɣȫؿ޳ǲǴǶˣ


1265 
ϴڵʲô磿ǰɽ̿ˮѵʵ
޳ǳ˳顣ԭͻһ˸˵飬ɴʱȴһѡЩ˼ؽ㡣
ͨǰһڣֱӸˣ
̫̬ˡҲͲû޳û뵽Ȼǳ㣡⻹ҪҪ˻ˣ
ǰɽҲ۷ڣ㶵ؿ̬ҲˣҲûҪǿ϶ǱѹģǱĺ𣿡
޳ǵ鿪Цôɡ
ͼԪ飬ȴһ䣺óܵģܲСӣһأǵսӽĳɵúúðա
Ԫ齲һ䣬Ԫ֮Уٽ
ԽԽˡ޳ȣԪ˵ĶԣԼȻҪԼܡ
ûҪ뿪Ȼת䣬ʵľͻֱӱǿѹصؽ
ǷֿܼܲСѹ޳ȻʵȻݸΪǷֿͿԱˣ
ǿԣżûⷽļأ˭֪ᷢʲôǵؽ
ҽʱֻһ취ԡ֧Ͳһãʹźš޳ǬóֻʵĴͲ뼸˻Уת뿪
ߵĻǿ¶޷ж
ϴ󣬱𣡡޳̧û߼ȻҸϵԾռôڶ
ţ޳תͷȴһ͵ۣȥûܽǰȻһϣһɾ޴һ˦ϡ
⣡޳Ѹҧǰȥûֱǵεסֻżؿǡ
ʱҲֻ֮Ŀռ䶼ŤһֵǰΧڿգеһƬҶӣϵشת
ʲôԽҪ˦ˣ⺰
ҲǹżûмʲôҪˣǰɽü
ظƨҼܷôһѾǳ˵ã㵱Զʱڵǵ̯洦ɼģУҲҪˣ
˵꣬оʹһƬŻ޳ԶԶؿǣһ͸˼ٴתŻҷɡЩŻƮճӱϣγһƬϣסߡ
ҲҪҡ취޳ͬʱֳһϳȥҲʧ٣Ψһõģ
ֻϣ۵һʧӰ١һϸ죬͸ˮһ㡣һ̣ǰƬռŤһε
ռ޳ͻȻʡõطǳ죬ѹܣͱһռ䳡Χǰɽһ뵽С
ռƮŻһ񺮣رͣζ졣
ֻռתһֵ˳Ĵʯһ㣬žžײϡ
оԼ͸պһ㣬ͷƹƹôţ֪ôʲô״һ㣬֪ԼѾˡ
һ־ˣǷ·ûֹһ㡣ܷιâһ壬ʹѵ
ͺñһӤޱȣһĶܽŤ顣¶ʹѣȴѵġ
ᣬĻᣡԼҧ򿪱һŵ塣ÿһ£͸һɽѹһ飬ͷ죬Ҳ֪û˼άֻʣһ֡ʹ
ѵش壬չ˫ۡһͺ¡ЩβŸճ֣ëһȥƬռת
޳뵽ЩŻһݣתϣɢһɺݾҧһȭͷ
͵һ˫ۣһžĹͷĦ޳ţֱϼĸоܹоڱ죬Ʊţһ㱻
һ൱ʹĹ̡ʹһ˼άһȳֻ硣Ȼҧֻʣһʡס
ǰɽǻȥȣһҪӿٶȣ
޳Ҳ򿪣ֱͦӡͻȻһɵͷͥѨżವһûβ׵һ·ɢû˫֮С
һ£ûסгʵ̫̼ˣ屻ѻʹ࣡
ģôǿģͻȻ޳оƬռȻȸղࡣ
Ѿоʹֻʣ½ǱС飬£ץãӲãֻţ
꣡вʱĽǷĦΪҪɢܵʱͻȻһɣһɿţžһ£ֱһš
ֻһ£ǹִһչβԼչ壬Ѿںԭơ
ޱȵ죬žһ£ͻȻһš
죬ɿ죬޳ػɣ̬սռǲͷģô
㻹¶ˣǳͷɵĺ¡ԪͻȻĵؽ
޳ֻоǰһƬڣˡŹʶеһƬ⣬ŵĴСȻһΪҲҵͻ֮
ֻŬǹ޷Ӧ޳ûֻü⡰֮
ֻǽģġȡԽԽԽԽеԣĽǵҲԽԽǿͬʱҲԽԽ󣬳ûʹ
޳Ѳ֪ӦǿȣȻľŻһֽţϲط֣Ȼܶˣ
ɿһתܲ鿴һ¡һԼһҵĵɫռϰΧšϿ͸ʵȴƲ
ʱѾȫһռ֮ڣҲ߲ȥ
Сǧ磬һǸΪɵ硣ղĺܺãܹôͨӦڣѾǳ˲𡣡ԪɹһڣЦŽ
Ӧڣ˼ǲ滹ģ޳һ˿ζ
ûֻǿʼ
ǽҸ
һΨģԼȥҰﲻ㡣ԪͻȻƵģؽ
޳ϰ⸱ģҲٷϻĴת·ԪްֳԪ֮УæԼȥˡ
޳Сǧÿһض̤һ飬ÿһһ
üһ룬۾΢΢Ȼû￪ʼһͻȻսȭͷžһ³һռ¡
һңȴһЩŵؿԼȭͷȻһȭȥδռƣȴоһɷǳӴ֮ǰҪǿ˽һ
ζʲôζԺƾԿǳ֮µĶ֣һȭܹɱ
ܲѣأռﴫһһ˿ֵĲ
޳ע⵽֮ʱ͵ͻһ¡֣ռ֮Ϊã
ÿһλȭھһƬռҡ
꣡ռڴһ˿ϸ΢죬޳һһռڱơ
ֻһ̧ͷȴüͷԤеĳγĿռ䲢δ֣ǰģһƬɫ˵ȴֲ֮Щƣֻһǰɫһǻɫ
޳߶һȻʹáֱһȭǰ˳ȥһȭҵʲôһǰ¶ôһȱڡ


1266 Ǭ
ܴͨ޳ͻȻֵȱڣѡʱ߶һƬ磬ããһƬ֪δǾͷȱʱ
ȭͷӽʱûһȭһȭƵײڼžĿռԵ˲֪ȥƬؼ䣬ֻʣһˡ
޳ͻȻһɲɣ֮С·֮ǰַ·ֻ֮ʣһˣƴŬʲôȴ֪Ŭк塣
ô֣޳ţĵ׺һݲֻϸĸоܹ
սռ䣬ԶսǡԶ־޳͵һæԪ顣
ûȷʵԶ־ʮǰ֮ʮ֮䣬ط֪˶Ӣꡣе֮ǰͬƴšҲڵǳ·Ҳڵͬʬ塣Ԫһ˿ɣԵЩء
޳ګԣ£ȭͷҡһҪӿٶȣһҪҳһ·ЩӢһԶ
ԼҪȥֵǣȫҪȥ
һǿսȻһǿĺ৵س忪ɳֻһǰȻһƬ΢Ĺʲô˸һ¡
޳˲ȥͨͨΣȫǰ龰ȥȫ
⣿ǰɱȥߵһ룬ȴȲͣסŲƵʵʲô
ǬԪ鵭ؽϰϷˡȥҪԼˣûд²ҪҡЩдúúѰ˼Ѱ˼
޳ԽԽˡҲûȥԼרо
ϸһܣԴһƬ֮С治ͬǣƬСǧ֮УΧƯһɫ絰һʣһɫĽʡʱǻɫŞ⣬ڰС
ǬǸ޴ļ޳λŹֵͷˣֹŹֶģҲֻһλˡ
ǰ˼Žлһ⣬˰죬һ㷴ӦûСƱӡһ㣬ȫˡ
̽̽ǲ㵰һİɫ塣ָͻȻǰһݣȻֱץ˽ȥ
óһɫϣһͷУƹˤģץһѣ˽ȥ
˻䣡޳û뵽ⶫȻ棬ȥһ㶼оԽͬԽ˺һ
һ˲صɴۣԵò˼顣
⵰֮УȻ̺ŷḻǱĺ⾭һתȻһ˿ûľ֮С
бõ޳ȶ̧һѰץô࣬ȳ˵Ȼ˿̲кã͵Ǵˣôж綾£
ǣһžĿռڣһǳĻ档һֲֻ꣬ץһѰѵİɫ壬Ҫ
ģҪƼһ١޳ʱѾ˲ã仯ˣĪ⣬뾡콫Ū
ҲͼñķⷽУʲôֻһ취ԣ
⵰ףڼȻͱ˵㣬Щûɾ޴Ӧ˴ԼмʮȥȴһоûС
֪˶ãǰĵԽԽмĻɫԽԽ޳Եɫǰ֮ʱҲһʱ
ϸ۲һ£ⱻ㽺֮УĿգš
ʶ޳һ²ԥ˹ȥ
ɾʱ鷢ˣǻɫʾȻһƵأͻȻ
޳ɫһݣ֣ȴǶֱϣӦͼǽʻһȪ̵ûڡ
޳Щ𾪣Ğ⣬̣ûнӿ
ɫʺܵ裬ͻȻһԵĻɫ˿˿Ϥ޳ڡ
ֵǣǰĵһ㣬ƵһĶȻûκηӦһ㣬ô࣬жޡ
յıǰҪ̵࣬ģһɫʾ¶汻ŵĞ⡣
ѹ֞û㽺ʣԭϸһ㵭İɫĤᱡһ㡣޳ָ棬һϸ죬ǲ㱡ĤƬ
޳ȥõû뵽Ÿ͸оָһһ롣
ĶĪǶգ޳ûն룬ӿŪڵһ⣿ĵ𣿡
ƺʹ࣬޳üͷ·һجεĺӣ֧֧ģҪѲˡ
޳һ̧صسϴȥ
ž
үүģ˭Ҵҡϴ󣿡ӵϱתƼ޳ʱ˵һܱסϴһΪˡط̫ˣôûá
޳ļЦ˵ûŵġ˵˵ߵ
̿ˮµؽǰǿռͻȻСǧǶ棬ҷ֣ÿ˶ڵСǧ֮С棬ͻȻһɰɫ壬ӱ㳹ײܶˡҲ֪ģ˿Ƶģ˵ϴôڳģ
޳ͽղŵ鶼һ顣Ŵ죬ֵϣȫǲš
˵ǻ᲻ᱻһѻȻˣ
޳˼пܡ֮Ҫҵˣÿʱÿ̶пܷ仯
ţҲô롣ұס֮ǰ˵Ҳࡣϴ㱻棬Ӧö⸽Ŷԡ
ǾͷֿжҸߣ㸺һߣԼעⰲȫ޳ͷжֻһ㣬֪ƣųš
Ҳ֪˶ãͬʱһͨˣ
޳վǱȥ࣬Ǳߵĵѱɾ¶һƬ絰һڡ
ҰɡԸ̧ȭԼڳȥ
ͷȭһ˹ȥ
˻˸ȥʲôôӲͻȻȭͷüղһȭ㽫ȭͷ顣
תͷһ޳Ǳ߸ûƵģһȭȭ÷ǳ졣Ŀɿڴؿţګګʵϴû£
޳вֵͣʵʲô£
˵꣬ЩԾתͷȥȴһؿԼ㶣Щ׹εҡҡͷš

أһĺɥˡƴ嵽ɷתû뵽ԼϴһȭͷȲϣᡣ
޳ʱƼǸ飬ˣǱߴͨˣȥڡһһϦ飬лرġ
ͷ޳ҳͨȥڱͨǰסСǧûж˾ͣңͣڣģ˶˳
ԣҶڡٺļˣ໥Կһۣ볯޳ȥ
޳ɫһؽΣǣҲһȫҡԺֽ飬ͲҪˡ
˲˼ͷᡣǰɽߣӣˬʵؽҪҪȥԱߴط˹Ź֣˵кöҲ˵
Ҿÿԣ˵ڳҲ˵뾰һֱͬһ֮ѣơ
˵žҪжԭϢ޳ͻȻסǣȵռ죬ҪҶ
Ļ䣬ֻǰƬռͻȻŤ


1267 ͬ
ռ𶯣
Զз籩
ɣǾȻ໥ɣ
𾪵ؿܣǰѾƽ֪
żܶļһҹżû˵ʲôǰɽʿˮ˫һգգضǰ漱ŤתĿռ䣬һԵľ
̵̡ģ⣬սռ䰡𾪵ؽ
ǰɽֱһף֪սռ䣬㣬ǰʲô
ĪҪңսռ˼תռתս졣֪תռΪαΪת
˵ôϻкƽ֮ŵʵ
취һ飬ڲףëİ취û°
ãͬ޳ϴô죿
޳Ըղ𣬾һֱؿǰ໥ɵĿռ䡣ʱͷ˼ؽһһҶýһЩвɢ˵ȫش
˶ûȥ
߹֮ԭվŵĵطҲŤһƵģȫ󱻹ԼƼɵĿռ䣬ϳһ޴Բοռģ
Ҫ󼦵ɣ㶵ؽ
ʲô󼦵˲
Ҫ˵ȴ޳ȵСģˡ
ȫٽ䱸ŵؿŹİɫƬռٶȷǳ٣һ͵Ǹǰ
޳һһ󵨵ľŴҺȵҿһǰ塣
ǣ
һ
أ
˼ʹ˳̵ľǰһΰⲻܶĵط޴һ壬ֱӱȥ
޳ۼֿһץס֣ǰһһ˶صص˵ϡ
û°ɣ˶Χŵʵ
û¡޳վãҶƽ¡
ΰмض޳ͷǧһлںж޳ǰҪ⣬Ĵ
͵˿ǶĶˡЩСǧȷʵ໥ɣʱĿռ䣬ǰ˺üȻǽղżռ䶼ںһˡ
ʱռѾϣԶԶȥ͸һ޴ļһ㡣ΨһǣĵѾڿճԹ⣬ԵЩյ
ǽȥǼңǵȵȿʵ
޳룬˵ܲͨطƵأ뿪Ϊ
ãȥԡǰɽһжǞһµģǿƴʵӲޱȵʵڲΡ
أ
̵ģʲôģǰɽһȭȥתͷһԹؿ޳ϴǻȭͷⶫǰ벽ǳҲôɣ
ֻ֮һ㶼޳Ȼͽ־ܹ飡ʵ̫̼ˣ
޳Щ˼ЦǰСĲһ㡣
֮ǰͻСǧӦڣǿЩȻʱ治֪ҪӦԡ
ȥ˵ȥͨǳô˻Ҫ˷ʱ䡣
˶ʱܹ򡱵ľ磬ѾĽóˡͷ˵ֻиڷܣܹ׷һ㣬Ҳֻһѡ
޳վСǧ֮£̧ͷǰһƬɫϡϸӦȫûκβֻһ϶ѣûвҲûκá
棬һ𣬷Ȼ޷Ӧ΢΢üػӶȭͷ
أƵĺγɻһȦȦڿռڻص޳оԼһƬռڶԺ䡣֮ǰܵĿռ֮ǴܹЩ
飡һرƵľÿռ֮֮󣬺ҵЧӣһ£ͽѳһѷ졣
޳ܵ裬
ꡭԽԽ죬ԽԽܼѷԽԽԽԽ࣬һ¾ܴ飡
أһĺ
޳һתͷܿȴȫǸղ˭ģղŻδ֣
أһ졣޳˫ĿһݣѸһ·ȥͬʱȵӭУ
ôˣӵȫȥܵһһĶ
ײ
˻ãռʲôġ˽ŵؽ
׼С¾ͽⲿײѣҶСĵ㡣޳ͬʱ˫Ŀ棬ضŶ档
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ײǳƵʣһһ£ѷԽԽ󣬽һ˿͸
޳΢ۣһ˲˲ض档
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һײһ£ȫ˳ȥ
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޳ŵȭͷͣڰУ˫ʹһɲòײͣסŲǰһ㶵ؿӿʱ۾һɣ˫һͨһ͹ȥ
ţûˣ
޳طȭͷԱǰɽƵô£ǸͻȻܳӸղһȭҪ˵ʱСͼȥˡ
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ǰɽһǸˣЦǰСӣû뵽Ҳʮأ
Щ˼Ҷѡ
˺˼䣬Եɺǰɽ߹޳ϴ˵Ŀռ໥ײȻɡղǾռжײûᡣ
޳ͷҲͨ˴¡ײĿռ䶼Ǿһ֮ģС¡ʱⷽˣҲˡ
޳룬Ҳһ𡣡
ĻʾͬҲм˳ԥʱȻһָ֮ǰ޳ѵǴʵ֮ǰбĿռײ𣿡
ǰɽͷһᣬԺؽҼϴġ
ģ˴͵ı顣
Ըһ𡣡
ҲԸ⡣
ԭǼλԥߣͻȻƵģ̨һƬ̬޳Ҳһȫա
ֻǹػǵȽȻҪһǳ˵ǰͷﲻĶ˴ڣһͷ޳ϢϣܹЭȥ
ףϣҺ죡漸˶֮ˣ±ˬشӦ
޳ͷǰɽ˵ԼҲĵ㡣ȥǵսҪʼˡ
ڿʹʹһˣǰɽĦȭƣȻ֮ǰˡ
󣬼˱㿪ʼ˿ռںϡսռСǧرأֻҪϣͻԶײһһǿʳҡ
޳˵ĿռԽԽ󣬶ҲԽԽ׳һ·ϣռ䣬ʮˡĺһԪï壬һǶԼĶ飬δһ
޳ǵĶ׳ʮˡ
ϴһεôоǰҪడͻȻǰɽŶײһ棬ü
޳ҲоˣؽҸоһĲԼСĵ㡣
飡һ죬£ھʹȻֱֱӿһ˺üꡣ
ãҿ޳˫Ŀһȥδ˳ԶͻȻһɾ޴һᣬͱֱ˹ȥ


1268 
ϴ󣡡ǰɽ˼״ȫܳ
޳ȣͬʱɿصԼ壬Լʧȥƽ⡣벻ͨ˵ʹãΪλ
޳û뵽㣡ԩ·խͻȻһɭЦ⣬޳ֻǰһڣԼͱʲôͷס
ҷڵˣ޳ŵһϤζʵ
ûҷڷɱҷôˣԱˣ˵֮һλӣʱץס޳˷ܵزҪ㵸
ɱң޳Ц˫͵һȭҵס֮ϡ
ˣ޴ײֱ졣޳ޱȣһѰѱֱࣺһطʱƷûӳֵĶܹסң
أһȭס޳һֻӣʱҵòΡΡȻҪѵΣա
ɫһףߵغΣб
ǱԸ޳ͻȻһ䣬ռ֮ȫ
أ

飬ˣ󳹵ɵˣؿƬζ벻ͨ޳Ȼȭͽһ벽ˡ
㣿ʹ𾪵ʵ
ܲܣ޳͵ر𣬳˹ȥ˫ͬһ޴ݺҳ
ۣҵͷѪһ㵹ȥ
һȭɢԪ񣡡˾һ޳Ծȥ
޳ؽСǧ˶һ飬˫
ȫѹЩҷڵˣãһԽ
Щ˿޳ŵһ飬˳ȵ޳㲻Ҫ̫
޳ЦǶҸϾɱ֮ʱôԼǷ̫
ȭͷһǰȥмؽʲôرĸϿʹȻûˡ
ɫһݣ߷ߵغȵΪǲܽߣҸ㣬вԱУ
Ϻǣҽղ֪ԭڼУҲǼ֣ϴеĶôоͳɶвˣĹ治ãһӴҷڳ˽̵󱲵ģǰɽؽ
ǣ˱ҭ࣬ǬһͣͳһҺЦǴ򲻹ǣǣҿѡһ
˵ţҪеҺˡ֪޳ۼֿ죬һȥһеҺˣе˵ࣺɢⶫҲеô
˵ţ󶪸ǰɽ
ǰɽЦ棬޳ϴӦûС
ǣ˱ԼóĶȫ޳ڴ
޳شһ飬ʵԼ֣һǣ
Щˣɱһǻͻɱݻɽ
޳ûҪʱǹȥҪδǰһء
ɱǣ봳زìܡ޳شڵӵĻĿ궨ϣʹʼ
ɾҪ֮ʣռ䴫һ춯˵ϴƬռ䱩ˣ
޳һץǰɽˣͬʱȵҷڣڣʬ
৵һ£ԼǸռ䡣Ÿս룬ǶھȻͻȻбպϣһ̣޵һСǧҡ
żܶļһʲôǰɽʾ
ô˻²תĻ䣬Ƭռ䣬ȻҲʼŤ
һ汻һǵһӱ˳Σһ£ǳοʼŤת
ܲסֱӱ顣
ҳס޳ͬʱʩչͲţռ֮ڣһ취ûС
ĵտҲʶ֮ҲǿյҪô죿
ѸٻŽսռ֮飬ͻȻǰս⣬һռΡ
͵һս⡣һۻսӿһ޴ƥչ
䣡ʵʵڶԺһ㣬Ȼһ죬һԭŤĿռ侹Ȼһ󶴡
ôԶԶ޳ҧо־ͨ־мͲεľģбʤ־ʣ
ͻȻľкʲô޳һϲǸղյЩ
Щǰ֪ʲôطʱȫӿ˳ľתתսԽԽǿſľɡһռ䡣
ƣ͵һȣŤĿռͻȻǱȥһ㣬һɣɢ
ô£ˣļˣѹʧϲغ
޳ɿߵǸǰٽս⣬ǰյܹԿĿռѹ
ǰɽ𾪲ѣҪ˵ֿռֳŤ
ãĴռ䱩ˣ
׼Ӧս޳ߣվǰսˮһ㱬
ҲüӲ־ս⡣һ̣ûûûоߵͣеֻһŲģ
ꡭĿռ䲻ϴѹͬˣк
һ죬ͱѹס黨һŤ
޳üĿһ߿һץס֣ݺһקͬʱԼսȻ˿ռѹ
лл˸жôΣʱ̣޳Ȼȣ𶯵ͬʱһɱսȻ
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޳תͷһȻղ֮һƬս
ôܣǴʱĳս⣬ԲܡȵȣͻȻһ󼤶غΡҪ־ᶨͬʱҲҪԼͬ飡
޳صͷ
أ
أ
дһ·Զŵİһ㡣һƬƬսչƬУӳһƬ
֮ҲΣ֮Ҳսս棬ΨҲкȻһĵ̾Ϣ־Զ·͸ʱգԶŴ
޳һĵ׾Ȼй
ЩԶ־ǰ·ֳһսɳӢңҶ׳ҡԼĵֲ
͵һȣǴȥ
ȥ
ȥ
һӦͣ޴ڿռӡǵսȻǣһ޴ܡ
޳ᶨǰޱΣظĽŲһ޴Ĺս¡ǰУ;һпռ䶼֮顣
Ϊʲô۳Զ˼޳ǣŵغ
ôܣôܽڵһλ߼һĻڽһҧ޳˹ȥ
޳
ԣͬھҷڵļҲ˹սռ䣬ҪôҪôǴһ֣
޳ɫһųһȭȥ
޳רΪɱû׼һ˿ЦͻȻת򣬳ǰɽ˳ȥ
óһӣǴ͵طŴţݺ£ƨȥɣ
һ޳ȴһط߶һɽһ㣬¡£¾ܵžһµɳȥ
һ飬ʧ޺ۡ


1269 ʧЧ
ˣ
Сģ޳Ĵɢͫ͵һ붼δǰɽ˹ȥ

ԶһҽУһ޴Ĵӣһ鶹һ㣬žһƬƬ֮ϣճһճѪҺڵѾӰ
ǰɽ˴ӵ⸱龰ɫЩסռ֮ʵڱ̬ǸղҪһڵһѪ
ԱԭҪҷ͵ڵӣһĻŵȥ
ʱ⴦ռ䶯ĵطԽԽ࣬һССŤתһѾ˴ת䣬սȻ̱ᱻ顣
˼Ӳһû⣬˵ǡһ˿⣬˵ıܣ˭Ҫȥ
޳ҲҪšطǾأֻҪЭһԳȥ
ԣûʲô˵ġˣʲôûһʮһúǰɽȵ
Ҳ׷׸͡
֮ǰ˵ˣʱȥø㡣ûбľģʲôֵؽ
ûҽûųȥҪȥһһ߳ȥϣ͸ڲͬļ㡣
޳ؿǣҲ𶯲ѡЩֵܣһǺġ
ǣǲԼԼȻսƳռѹ⴦ռ俼ıȻǵ־ֻҪ־ᶨŴȥʵıΰҲȭͷ
޳͵ؿһۣ˵ʱȣҪϿ̬һټһս⣡
ãͬصһˢˢرһǿս⡣
ֻһʮսһƬӨӨס
Ϊô׾۳˹Զҷڵӽض޳ǣȫԹŬ˺ܾãȴһ˿ʱֻؿ˼ҳ磡
ԼãͲñҲŲáһλʮ˫ĿһһȨȳ޳ǳ˹޳һ°ɣ
˵ţȨȺݺݵ޳ǵȥ
޳˫һɣǰ͵һ粽ȥֻһ£͵߱һѪȿһ㱩ҿɷˡ
ǿԶһɫӰţһĨ͡ת˵һС
ԱվһɫװӣüĿǳʡŰӵïֹǫˡ
вɴ⣬ʵĪ⣬ǿȾͲСΣҵȣҲм־塣Ԫï͵ؽ
ЦСȷʵе˼ǻѰƹ֮ɣռҪˡ
ʱΧĿռ䣬ѾʼƬŤȻٶȲ죬Ԥһյʱ䣬ΪһƬ޳
ԪïصصǱߣƺսռ֮Чǿԡ
Щԥñ˵ķ
Ԫï㣬æЦֺαؾϸڣΨһķѵΪһ֣Ҫڴ𣿡
һЦ˵ĶԣҹԷˡ
˵ţ㲻ٹ˼ɣһһŴŵ㵭ɫĹΡ
Ԫï岻ʾ˫Ŀһһɺ嫵ս⼤ĹžԶءߵս৵һ¶Խһ𡣵ǵսŸγɣͻȻһҵĲƬռͿŤת
Ҫ

һ£һļ˱㱻ʳƬѪһ£縡һɢȫǵս֮ϡ
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޳ǱҲͬ״ռ䲻֪ΪΣͻȻӿŤٶȣ޳Ǻòӳɵ͵Ť֮֮£ġ
˵־ܵӰ죡޳һҲҪ˼룬񣬸ҳȥ
ۣ
ܲϴѵħһǵԺͬʱһص澹һƿ޷ǿޡЦЦ
ɣɡɡ
ǳȥˣת˭Ҳ޷ֹǳȥ
׷ˣɣһ»Ұ
һһ㣬޿ײ롣
޳Ĳס³һɲõͷȻԶ־ǴŹƻ֮Զ־
عͷȻм˵ɫѾԣ˫ۿնҪļ
ȵжߣжߡ־ᶨʤҪһȥ
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˱ѣŵˣҲҷġ
أǲҪϢΪƴһΪʲôˣͣϢɡ
Ϣɣ
Ϣɣ
ԽԽԽԽ࣬洦ǡ͵رסͷʹغҪɧң
޳һæأҪӽ֮ʱǵƬͻȻһ¡
Ҫ˼룡ŷǰһˣһĵϣȵѵ㣡
վס˺Ƕһ顪ҪųȥҺҪųȥ
Ҫųȥ
ųȥ
׵ĺһǿսڿնߡˣÿҧأ˭ٿСǰȥ
ռ֮ԽԽǿˣȥ˻ᶥסս޳ߣС
취޳Կռ֮رУȻ;ǰռ֮ͻΧȴֻ֣Ҫ΢һͻᷢӦռѾһƬǣһȫ
ɫأҲٴ˵һһͬ취
ûõģûܹȥǲҪ׷ˡЩԩĹ»Ұڹƻġ
̵ģǶƭ˵ģҲҪȥǼųȥ
ԭЩɶֻĿռ֮ԽԽ̬󣬳սһطȫŤ黨ˣͱһѪ
ѪɫеĻһ⣬ҲɢƸһڿУһЩճǵϣ
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ǿЩ˾ǽȥ³
أ
䣡һҵĹƻռȻڴš黨
Ǿ黨ϣ߶ס˴š
ǣ
дһ˿΢죬ʲôһѡ
ˣˣһһ߹һ
ҲҪǣ޳
ˣˣˡԭԽǿԽԽһǵصظΡ
ܲˣͷʹ

ˣǵóˣǰɽһ޲ýǸ־ļһץһ١
ôһᣬǵͬһһ㣬޴Ť֮һѹһƬ
޳ȣ˼
ɱǵ֮ˣһѽڼͷͬʱøղյ߶ս⣬鼱֮оȻļһƬ
ΧǳСҲݵ˶ѡԶǰɽɵҲСࡣ
ϴǵڱģ
УϿ취޳һҧѸ˼ſܵİ취ȥڶԸ޷ʹõĵط¡
ҵս㹻ǿ󡪡
͵һнһһͷð˳һϵǰɽһͣɿؽҳס


1270 սⱬ
޴Ť֮һж顣޳رۣͷֱðŬſռ֮
ʵ̫ˣþһа취޷ץס
У취ŬԼƽΧһжڣֻʣһͷս㹻ǿ
㹻ǿ󣬾ռ䣡
ǰδеļᶨһƥеϸһľ
ǰһ˫˫ֶֿ۾ǶôΣôܷ
ͻȻǰƴһŻǰһƬһɫĳ磬̫һ㣬ӵƽ
һӱʶһƬԭɬĵطһӱͨ͸ޱȡ
ȻʶŴеŹͻȻâһȻƮŵʱֻһƬģ˿̣Ȼϸϸֳָ
޵ս⡣
޵ս⣿ĿⲻҪѰҵĶ
־һӱޱȼӲһǿسһ৵ûǹ֮С
ʱ޵սֻƮһſÿһ֣һɽһأѹѡ
ǿŲʣضĸ֡
޵ߣսȻսߣǿִޱߡս޵УΨ޵У¡¡дһɺƵѹ
޳Ψ޵У
һ£һУ֮£һжСĵһǿͷ¡¡¡ģʲôҪһ㡣
ʱַѹԽԽǿ޳ͷʹѡ
Զս⣡޳͵һյս⻹Ǳ˵ģɷǳǿ
˿̣类һɽѹһ˿ҲӲȥǾ޴ֱҪѹѾѹ鲻ңһ֣ͻᱩҡ
޳ʶУһڼͣѹһãͷĿѣ
ӶᣬѹȣѾûȥЩʱΨһǳŹȥ
ϴǳŲסˣ߰ɣ
޳Ȼǰɽ½˵ĺǳŲסˣڽߡ
ҴӦҪǳȥô޳ʶһ˿˫͵ݺݵرȵƣ
ʱһӴʶѹѹֿܵ˷ѹ
޳ĺݾȫ˳ȭͷ˫ĿԲΪ̫ʹ࣬жѪˮ߳ȥĿġ
˭ȥЩҪıͻƣ
޵ս⣡޵У
ϺȻһǿƣҫ۵̫һ㡣ǽɫĹ֮ϣžһ֮顣
ǹֱֱ͸谭ֱǽɫ硣
ˣõ˹һ㣬ǳҲһҫ۵Ľ⣬ĽһƬ
޳ֻоԼƼһ㣬ⲻϵӣʶǽ֮ϣһ̫ҫޱȡ
ͬʱҲһͬһǿһʢĻһ㣬ҫҫ⻪
ԶԶȥͬһͻȻĻɽϡĽɽһѹƬռ䶼䡣
ϴû°ɣǰɽ˱һҪ´ļҪ
һ̣Ǿͷһ顣ǾȻ޳ΧĿռͻȻ˿һ㣬һžûˡ
⡪
ĿɿڴšǼ޳̬ǰɽˣָǹڽǿս⣬ϴͻˣ
˴Ӵоѣϲѡ
޳ԼҲԼһղ󱬷ƺһǳֵӰֻһ˲Ǿ޴Ӱʧ٣ô׷Ѱ޷̽
Ĳ֪ΪΣͻȻЩʧǵӰһĪиУץסղεĸоһҲˬ
˻Ҳûᡣתϸ鿴һ¸ղŵĳɹһ鿴ûԼһ
Щ鴤ʶ֮оȻȫˡտҲʲôʣ
սҲ̫̬ˣȻȫһ
æĴ̽ǴʱȫޣȫһսܹʶҪ鿴ȴǳѡ
ǰɽ˵ٵ飬սһ£γһƬɫĹ֣Զļ˵
ϴ̫ţˣѾ֪˵ʲôȥֻʣһ䡣
ˣ׼һ£Ǵȥ޳صȻǰǿһЩǲܴ⣬ҶҪЭ
˶ö־߰৵ս޳һƬԭɫһδεӣúɫҲɵɫ˽ɫ
޳׼

޴ĺ羪һ㣬ÿռ䶼һ㱻سŤĿռ䣬ɫϣȻѩһ㣬
޳Ǿϣǰÿһ̤쳣ᶨǵϷ·һǳصħÿ̤һһּ졣
¡¡첻ϴſռһ˿˿Զָǰ;ơ޳ˣǹȥ
սռ䲻ᱻǲ˰ɣƴƣСʵ
𲻲𣬷ֻҪȫȥͺáЩؽ
ǣڵôң˵ġǰɽã޳Ը񣬹ֱըˡףϴ㲻ը˰ɣ
ͻȻһҵ𶯣¡һʲôײ档
޳һ䣬ϸһӦȻ׽һ˿ϤϢɫһްǼ
ãҼͣ
޵սѰҳ֮ʱʮصɽһȺ˴ա
ûɣôܣ
ʲôô˫۾ѵϹˣ
㿴ʲôսռ侹Ȼˣ
ԵģǸ޵СӸɵİɣ̵ģռҪˣҲõˣҵ˰
䣬ͷͻȻһ죬ͻȻһѷ죬һ˿ӳ
˴צһѺۣǽԽԽ֣ԽԽʧȥ˼

йһ㣬£ƬնȾ˽ɫصһͷĿռ䱻˺ѣһɫԲ
үүģڸǳˣ
̫ˣ
ɢȥʮӰֳһͷģ϶Ǻˮ
˫һֱ̱ڵϣָվסм޳Ŷ˰죬һ仰ûһ˹ȥ
ʲô״˿˿ΧˣֲҪʲô
ϲλͻȻһ߳ǹֵء
ǰɽϵôˣ֮ǰսռڵʱڵһԪï塣ӡ󲻲غ˼䡣
ֻһԵ޳ȴӳһֱ˼ضͷϵասռѾƣʱϷƹʲôҪбһ㡣
޳Ѿܹʹãʱȫ̽ѰƺѰʲô
ϴôˣǰɽʵ
޳΢΢šüûлش𡣹һᣬ˫ĿͻȻһһֻһ仰ʧԭأһ
ϴ󣡡˴󾪣Ҫ׷ȴԪï
λҶ£ֻȥսռ䣬ʱ쳣һӦò⣬ǡ
û˵Ҷ˼׷ȥֻΪ޳׸Ȼ޳ղžͻֱ棬Ƚͳ
޳ٴνսռֱֱһռȥȵԯ𣬸ҹ


1271 ս
ԯ𣬲ͷβʲôˣб¸ҹ޳ս߳ߺ
ʱƬռȻ飬ĽȻڣȻ޷áô˻ᣬյϢ
ڸղҪȥ֮ʱⱰɵļһﾹȻͻϮǡǵǿȻ汻óˣ
ԽԽȵ֪ҹ
ܵŤ֮Ȼڣ޳ڽ֮Уһħһ㡣ϣ˸һ޵еս⣬ΧĿռ䶼ƽ
СӣȵȣƺŵһֵζղΣжûԪȻ
޳ͣʵôˣ
ֵĸоҺŵһʶζ϶ģǰһЩٱ濴
޳ǰȥǸ׷ѰԯϢķ
ԣҵ˭ԭǸ˵ԪȻؽ
˭޳üʵȻ֮ǰԯķʱԪ˵ĻʱȤ֮ǰ˵ڸıô£
ڻǺŪٸ㡣ǸˣֲǺܿ϶ˣ˵ƺкüϢбȽǿһʱһܣսһаߡû뵽Ȼд
У޳һǰߣһ߲ʵ
ʮа˾ǴУȻͲͨǲܻŵģȥôˣǳƽлҲܻڡΨһĽ;дѰá
޳ԭ˵㲻ҲǻߣȻһ飬಻ֻͬҪܹųҲ˵
Ԫȴȫͬ˶٣Сӣ׷ȥһЩ̽һ¡
޳ͲãӿǰĲӡ
ͻȻһֱֱǰ˹ȥһģӰӣԯ˭
ʱ޵ս⻤壬Ťռ֮֮ԯȻҲһƬս⣬ȴûɡ
ԯתͷ޳׷ɫһһ˼˿ռ
ֱܣ޳û뵽Ȼ˵СȻսĵӶûС
ˣ׷ˣսռ֣ڵʵȥǻȥԪͻȻ
̽Ѱˣ޳Ҳû˿ɱԯ𣬵Ҳپᣬתȥ
ԪѵЩɥؽղһʱ⣬ҪԷˡ
ʲô޳󾪡ȻԪû˵֪ԪԪĴһͬСɣҪǱ֪Ȼ󲨡
ãԪүҾؿ죬һԵĶڸһ£쵽Ҳᷢҡ
鷳´ֱ˵𣿡޳Ĩ˰亹ʵЩ
ͬʱսռԯѾͣסŲʵǰΪܣ޳ݣղžһܺõĻᣡ
ԯûǱȻһԼǰĶӣҪǴȥҪҪˣ
Ȼҵĵ֪ղСϵսʲôãͷһǰЦʵ
ս⣿ѧ֪ս⵹Ƿǳǿ󡣡ԯʵص
Ȼǿ޵ս⣬սռ޵ս⣬޵еĴڡƾȥǾֻ·һ
ͷ˵ţȻ˼૵û뵽ͷűСӵõˣСԽԽ˼ˡ
ԯһԹͷ޳ֳȤЩǿŲˬʵźǴУ
ͷһۣڸ֪ģڵץʱҽĶȫѧᡣ
ǡԯȥһ˿⣬װ̵ܽӡ
ͷûһۣüղƺŵһֵζ֪ǲǴ
ԯ𱣳ֳĬⲻ˲Ķ˵ģɰʵ׶ãһϢ͸¶
ͷ˻ᣬûȻݵһԯڣȥһذɣϷҪСӣ˭
Զսռ޳Ȼ˸磬ɻתͷһۻҲսռ䣬˼
һϣ˾ͳ˹ϸһ飬ް˿
޳δԯǽصȫĿջ㿪ʼһؿ
һؽսռ䣬˼壬һսʤΪһȺ˽Ƭռ֮һжδ֪Ҳһ۵˳ʤߣҲǿĵͻȻ޵еĴڣ˭֪׻ᷢʲô
սռһʮˡ޳һٵĳʮˣֻԪï塢ɹƹءټսռеԯһʣʮˡ
һأзȨŲסͿ˳˶û˷һȺ¾ĳ档
һս֮ǰϢʱ䡣˼䣬޳һֱڿջšã֮ǰսⴵÿյʶֱñŵĴжصԭĵطȻҪ
ֻʵڹŹ֣ѾĴе㣬һɸһ㡣Ŭûб仯ֻܽ޵ս˸͸
죬ڷһ˽
ϴϼѾͷǲ濴ˣŶĵİһ˵һĪĻеŷݸ
ĸϼѾͷ޳ؽӹչһʱʧЦ
޳ҪǲͨͲˣֱԹɣԪ㣬ҪǸҲһ㣡һҪ
һ޳ЦŽŵݸ
ӹһƣҲһѾͷ˵ôĵģԹֻ˵ĳǡԪҵĽȻڲͬ
޳ЦͱЩˡѾͷǸֱӣ㵹ġ
ʲôֱϴɱҵԧףҪģУ۾˶ĳѾͷȽϸȤʲôСġ
Ҳ˵ǸȤֻһʱȤѡ޳ЦҵǾȽĵ
СħͷһŮӣͷˣüؽΪԸⰡⲻڻ˯Ҫͷѹҷ˵ȻʱָǺɵ˸ˣȻҲҷȺлɳˡ
ջһΣľʱҪǰɽøϵʱΰͳһƹ»ˡ
޳ͷûҸᣬҪúøл˼һ֮ǰȵͨ
ϴһЩϢһأ»кܴıʣǵǰ׼
޳ͷһһϣһ֪Ѱ˼Ҳãȥ׼á֪ͨǰɽˣҷڵȫˡ
۾һͷ˳ȥ
˺һ죬ҷڵجΣЩ֮µп಻ȷʵܸйͷԣЩ̼˸ᣬȻЩ¥Գаķʽ˻ȥ
һ׬ñԲһƬ̼ҡ
תۣ㵽һصӡûԯ޳ȫۼڴ
ǰβͬǣһεսκһͿռ䣬һƬþ֮У޳ǰǴˮܡƬþҲһֻĪ⣬ƻãϰ߳Ϊþ
޳վþڴʱɫһˡ


1272 
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ˢˢվڻþ棬һ޴̣һˡ
ǰɽһţӶһϲͨҲ̫˰ɣ
Ȼ׼ǰʵʱ˻ЩŲס
޳ãǰЩȤоƳۿһ궯ǰɽļ򣺡ʲôҪǸҲǾȭͷ
ǰɽһ㶣Цͷãϴǿ˵ˣɲң
ܲסطۣĵص㣬ŪĸƵģҶҪˣ
Сûĵģ˭㣬ھȻҵһ㣡
СûĵģΪģ㾹Ȼ˻ңģؽеһС
ȿȣλҪȥ潲ε٣վһԳ
޳ɫһЦȥһһһ˶ߵڣǰĹţѰŻ
߹ʱ򣬾͸оһլԺƵġֻһ̧ͷִơ
Ӻ磬⻹һ̣ǲᱻ˰ɣü
һ̾޴壬ÿ˶ӣֻеԼ·е˱˲ٿţͺá˸Īؽ
޳ЦЦû˵ǰɽʹһɫ̧ȥ
ǰһɫľ޴̣ôʯɣʮɳʮɿ鿴һ۲ܿ
ǵĽ̤֮ʱͻȻˮһ㵴һȦϸƣһ̣˱㷢ֲܶˡ
ֳʲôСǧɣǰɽǶǹĵǬŪˣһĻüͷ
ţƺҪǵӡ޳뿪Ц
Ļ䣬ǵͲشһһǿţͬ߸ȥ
һᣬʮ˶վԼλ֮ϡ޳ڣһŵĳλλǰɽһߵĳλλϡ
˱㷢֣ǵͷϷһ塣Ǹ֡ͷҲԼλӦ塣
޳̧ȥӰأһоλÿһλ϶ˣ߽λգ˧λȴվһˡ
ԯ
޳ͫһǵһԯͷȼһɶ־˫ĿƵؿŶˡ
ͬԯҲضЦЦһɲмԪïƥҲһߡ
վûãоʹһصĺŽһƬսһ㡣ʱһվλϵһλͻȻ߳˵һ
ǰɽ֣ȥ
˵ţҲնض˶һˡ
ȥλҲ߶ҶƣΪӡ
޳ֱߣԱ߶ˣֻǰһŻߵⶼߣһ־ԵΡ
߲֮޳ֱֱض϶ֻ
һԼϵ޳ŵԱһһ֮˾ͺΣա
Ѿ޳ߵȴʱġڡһˣɿس˹ȥ
һȥҪʩչȴͻȻʧã
޳һⷽĶѴ
˷Ӧܿ죬һһ⽣ֱֱˡֻһҽУ˱Ҷһɳ̣ͷϿյġʧʧȥ˱ʸ񡣶ֻڡͣԭȵλϡ
ԭôסǰɽû˸ղŵľִ٣Ե
Сĵ㣬ǿޡ޳дȣϸһɨ;ϢǰɽǳԿ
ţáǰɽϸҲ˸ۣѰһЩĶֽս
֮УҲҪĶ֣ҪǷͻȻ䣬˶ҷŵ̫忪ֵڹȥʱȴȻûжչ
½м̭֣ϻʣʮˡǰɽⷽˣԱˣƾС
޳˿ܣֳǰɽ˶ڼſڲҳȥѰ˼ǲӦҸͻƿڡ
ʱǰɽǱߴһ̧ͷȥÿλϵһλߣ߷ǰɽȥ
̵ģҲУǰɽƿڴղһߵ˹ֱϣû뵽˿ӡ
¿ɺãڴ˿ռʹãΪ޷ʩչֻöԷǿ֮˭Ҳûܽ˭߳֡
޳һ磬öϽֵˡᱻ޳ɱλλһɱ˻ȥǰɽȫ
ʱ޳ɸоԱߴһƳһһλֱ߳ķһ磬৵ʶ
һλתޡ
޳һһĨȻת޾͵Ϯ·޳Բһعصˡ½£һɰ׵ֱȥ
޳ףһӾͱ֣ʵؿ޳
˭˵һҪˣⱾʵһУ㻹浱ˣؽ
Ļ䣬޳Ǳ߾˱仯ͷϷġͻȻ黯һڡ֣ȡ˸ղһˡ
һУǡ֤ʵ˾˵ֳ˶Ҵ⣬Ϊǵеκһˣпʱ̭
޳˫һУмƽдԼⷽ˸˻ȡսڻԯϡ
֪ԯҲת磬˵س˶Ƕ֡ټصĴУ׼ɱУǲðա
˻ʱ˱仯һȫعţҪԽӵͷ
޳нղŷ鶼һ飬ͻȻһ͵ôôⷽû˧ڣ
Ѳ٣ѾˡǿֱӣǾ˵Ŀ֪Ĳͬ
һ˼ͻȻЦǰɽ֡
ϴ󣿡˲⣬ÿһӶй̶·ߣ޳һʲô˼
޳Цֳ֡ɻ󣬵δ룬߶ʮһȥ
ǾȵǣǶߵ޳ˣȴëı仯ûСͷϷȻŸԴĴţҲûб֡
⣿
޳ɿسʹ˸ɫһѸٷӦͻȻһµس湥˹ȥ
ʲô˼漸Ȼû׹һСľͱ˳ȥ
ֵܣԲסˣӮ߰ɣٺЦţһ㶼˫һһȻؽĿɿڴ֮˸˳ȥ
̼䣬˾ͱһӾֻʣԯԪï塢ˡ޳ֱԯȥǰɽ˼״뼺Ӧǰ֧ԮΧסԪˣγ֮ơ
ԼСģԶ㡣޳
˻⣬ԪƺҲκͣϵԱߴȥֻʣ޳һ˶Źڵԯ
ȷʵЩ˼ԯ𻺻ڣһµ̬޳´һ顣
޳ϧȤ
ԯɫһ䣬֪޳ָǰսռս֮¡ŭ壬ҿ㵽ж͡
˵ţ˫Ŀб⣬һɾ޴ѹǺӶֱֱػ޳
תнס޳һĨȣͬתнڿԺúһ


1273 Ľ
ҫ۵Ḷ̌ǰɽѾ˵̵һߣԪ˴ó졣
޳ȴƽţء
޳һֵһƬռ֮ڣȻࡣֻҪһͻ谭ĳ֡
̵רСӣЩҵλӦҲԯҵĹϡǼһɻɻģǿɲܱõôˡԪһؽ
սԪǰǸаˣ㲻˵ܴڣֻǴ𣿡
ԪһͣЩ˼ؽҲͻȻһ취ˣҪϻˣȴҪ
޳ֹתƻ⣬ɹ£עԯϡʱǵѾγһϣС
ԯǰһײ޳ģһð
޳һҽŷɿһֹ̤˺֮͵ǰһɫһΣֱֱײ˻ȥ
أһ޴ĺ𣬽Զļһ˰Թعֽһת޹Ȼ̬
ˣǸϿҵطܲ˵ģǲñˣǰɽһİӣü
Ļ䣬һ󲨶һñȽϽ±ǲֱֱײϣ۵һ¾͵˳ȥ
ΰ󣡡һæҪȥ
ûˣվھԣһסָűΰͷˡ
һͣʧҪ֣û취ˡ
ˣްġܹһѾ㡣һжǾģҲԩΰЦ˵
Щ꣬һȥսû
ˣ˵ôɣǲ򣿡һ߿޳Ǳߣһʵ
ҽԺٴ򣬵ȽԪïؿ֮ҲͬǰɽĽ顣
ԭЩˬ˵ĺȰ˵֮£ֻΪѵشӦ
䣡һ޴𵴣糱ˮ㸲ܵĿסʱƶһ㡣
޳˫Ŀ䣬ɫأֿٽŷӡǣһϵַ𣬽һͼ
ڸղһɲǣʶͻȻһ֣صıͼ
ӡıȣһֻصƾն֡һʱֹʱͣ·֮¾ֻʣֻӰ
޳ضŶԯ𣬺ȵȥ
ʱӰһصۿɼٶѸͣһڸ˰̡
ԯо类һ㣬ʹëȻӰѹʴǵĶҪֱֲʶȥ
ǿ깥֮
û뵽ת깥ʱãֱΪԪͻȻĵؽ
ٴθ̾һ˼Ȼǳܡ̵Ĺ죬ʵڿӵ
޳һ仰һûȥѯʣֻټо񣬶ԯ
Է־ܣҲٱʼȫԯȻһҫ۵⣬һɼ֮Ȼ̼ͽԲ֮һѡ
޳ɫһ˫ֽӡٶȸӿһЩӡмأղֻһضѣҪڶأӡҪӷҪһʱ䡣
ԯȴᡣֻ˫ǰһ񻮿һһһռѷͻȻ֡
֣ѷ֮һץ˾ֵУץһɫĿռ֮
ռ֮ΪʵʣԶսļѾĿɿڴػԼǲۻˣռ֮ôԱһץסʵ̫˼ˡ
ԯȷʵˡʱǹŲпЦ˫ץһֱһֵĿռ֮޳
޳ռ֮ζɣԯͻȻǰɳһðĶߣವһ¾ͳ嵽Ӱ֮¡
ӡѹ޳ͫһӡǰһƣһ޴ķһײԯеĿռ֮

Ƭռͬ˺ХŤռ˳ڣһ䶼Ե΢
޳һȣæ˫εضڵϣֶ̧ͷӰ㳲עӰ֮С
ԯڰ֮У˫űһĿռ֮׶һӰ֮Сܿӿȴ˷ܣ߶Ϲ
Ӱ໥ģϰ޳˫ĿһڽһŹֵķģ۵һ´Ӱ֮Уӡأ

ռһαѣһɺ嫵Ŀռ֮৵һûӰ֮С̼䣬Ӱ¡¡죬ԭõӰһӱʵ֮ģǾ޴ѹ
꣡ԯеıⷢһϸ΢죬һ߶ע⵱С
âʵӰײһͬݵĳңģ໥ѹƣһ¡УһɢΡ
ۣ޳ԯ˫˫Ѫסӡ
˶ؿŶԷжһĨ𾪡ǿĹ˫Ȼ£˭ûֵô
ֶΡͻȻͬؽʵǰ˭䣬˭Ҳ϶Էǿ
Ƚ֮£ԯ޳磬ȴսƽ֣ʵ޳ʤһ˿̣ƴͬΪתнףսƽ֣Ѿǳ˲
ԶļѾ׾ؿͷϻҵĿռ䣬Ѳ֪ʲô顣ʱֱ߸ǵ֪ռܱ˺ѣռ֮Ȼܱãֱ췽ҹ̷
޳˲ǵѪվֱӣؿŶԯԯҲͬһʱ֮˫ûж
Ԫ飬ղŸо̺֮żڤĵζ޳Ԫ齻
ûǼڤĵζԪЩأûǿŶھԪ֮УôУ
᲻֮ǰõ
ܡζǼڤĵıɢġǹգѵϻżڤĲɣԪԽ˵Խ֣Ƽˡ
ţϵĻڤĻ᲻Ҳţ޳һ뵽˺ܶ࣬ţһҪȥѰȻ϶ͱ㡣
ܣЩǼɣΪϽӣôףԪĻ룬ü϶Ҳ֪顣һŪֱ϶д¡
˵˵ڰ˵޳̣Ŀ·Żԯϡ
ʱԯƺҲڳ˫ĿЩնʵϣһͷ߶
֣˭أСϿ϶йŹ֣ղŵһֵζôһӾͲˣͷü
֪ղ޳õ깥֮ȻܸǵĿռì࿹⡣ԯԸղŵ鹢ڻ̲סʵ
أҡͷؽֿʼͣ˭أ
ԯŭŭԣֻýŭй޳ϡҪȥ޳ٴսٻغϣͻȻһصĺŽֿʼʱһ
ںŽУһƬռͻȻ仯ǽµ̿黯
þˡ޳ɿǰɽ˳ȥͬʱҾһ𣬲Ҫɢ
䣬ռȻͬǣʱռ֮·ͷһ㣬طÿ˵壬ů⡣
ȵ˻عʱǰľѾ
޳ͣǰɽߣؿǰһ޴ĻҲ˶ݵĴ
ã˲ͬغһ䣺ģ


1274 Ůþ
ģǼ˼ղӾˣǰɽ̿ˮ֤ؿ޳
޳ҡҡͷֵͷʵϣҲŪסƬռ֮ˣʵĥͷȣй֮޲
ԪʧЦԭͷڳġҲԣ׼ȷ˵Ƭ֮ʱṩͼ
޳Ĭðɣѹô̬
˵ղһأǲ˵ʱˣȻˣͻȻ
ɫ΢Ǽ̭ѡ֣һۡҪǱǼ֪ǵ
ϴ˵ǲҪ黭ȫһ飿ⲻǿӵǰɽɫ̵ؿž޴ĻƵʵ
ţܡ޳Լڻ꾳֮еá黭ʲôģѾѺˡ
̵ģЩһϲͨ˵ôŮʲôů𣿡ǰɽǻһ֦չֵŮˣ۾˳֪ĻǸġ
⻹пܡǻþŪһŮˣ磬ԶȥҲûܰǰŮͼǻϲǵؽ
ҪŮãɱŪһѳŮҲֹһ䡣
Ǽĵ⣬Ǳ߼˵ɫȴûôÿˡԯΪûܽ޳ɱִһأ߲ѡ⼸ǳڸղ޳ԯֲΪС
ʱǻʣ°˸ˣԯԪ˸Զǰսռ޳ӳߡ˸˼ھ޴Ůͼǰվһᣬ̲סʵǽǲ
ʣôЦеʵʱĪ⣬˭Ƚȥ
ҪϴȽ˿޳Сʵ
ãƾʲôϴȽ˵Ǽϴչ˻𣿴սռ䵽Ǹ˵ûϴܵһأҪϴȥðգ˵ĳǰɽؽ
ǣûйǣƾʲôȥףҲЩˬǰЩ˲ԭ£һھܾЩ졣ʱһУʱ˳
޳ؿһһûнѾͷ࣬䲻ǰ;գҲȥǹӱá
ʱһµȻĥҲǸ£Ƚɡ
˵һһ±ŮͼСֻŮͼһһССĺڶ˽ȥһһŤһͱԭ
Ԫï״ûҲ׷˽ȥ֣ң
˼״ΪһصղʧȥӣҲһͬ˽ȥһӣֳֻʣ޳ԯ
ԯƲͷ޳ؽڡϣ㲻Ҫҡ
˵գһҲһûŮͼС
ţǰɽ˲м˿ڿˮҪʵ̫󣬺޲øϸٻغϡ
޳νЦЦһҲ˽ȥ
һŮͼҲмɶ೤滭һŮ˵ͼʹ֪һþ֮ʱ̲סһ
һ̬顢ݲͬŮӣΪһˣʵڲܲĶʹһܶģô͸Ůӣһһܹ⡣
þߴҲǴ˼˲һٸŮˣһ룬ͱһȺƻŮ˸Χ˸ˮйͨ
ˣūɡ
⿴ʲôã
Īǲϲ˼ңȻԸ⿴һۣʵڽСŮġ
һģˬ촫棬òȺӵġ
޳æסޱؿȺŮӡ϶ɢһ޵ζζİҷںŮӹõĻþ㣬רƻá
дǰɽˣСӦԣҲЫ
ôһ˵ǰɽ˸飬ٿȺһŮˣҲ᲻ˡ
ϴ˵ҪҪֱɱˣɱ𣿡ƿһһŮˣߣСʵ
ɱ޳ָָԱߣ
ȥȴǺ½䣬һŮնɱһ̣Ůƾðһ鶼ûС
˿૵鷳ˣȺŮӦò˾ɣ
ôˣһһڣҲ˸ˡ
˵㿴СӡǰɽչָһԵһλ߽
ǰ޳Ƚ֮һʱһȺŮ˰Χţ־Ѿ㱣ֱһ§һףǸᣬһɫģ
޳ɫع۲һᣬԻˣϢʱû⣬Ӧòˡ
΢˿ΧһţŮ˿һһϧ
޳Ա߿ȥԯֱӼ⣬ԼΧסһŮ˿ɱ
Сӹݡ̿ˮ
ѧ̫ˣǺĲ𡣡޳ؽͬʱĴ۲֮
ȻǴأǾһƽ֮ҪҳԷҪʲôҪǵʲô̶ȣſ֮ͨǰ֣ƺʲôпܷ
ţȻһŮ˵ľԭֵĳ棬Ȼ˾޴ʣðȺŮˣһ棬
ԭСԽԽ죬˺ޡ
һͷɫЩŮᣬڴҩ˵ŮһޣǿɱǿлҪֲ
޳üͷҲ΢΢ţܺӣֻŬ񣬲ԼȾ
ԲۣȺŮ˼ֱһֻѼӻֲͷʹǰɽǸ۲۵ĴֺӣµľŮ˿ޣһޣ
ɫҲǺܺãŶ䣬һݲеģ⸱ģ޳͵ط˲Ծ
һһ˹ȥ
ϴﰡ˶ˣ̧ͷؿ޳
ѵ㡣ǻþ޳üղһ̽ȻЩ˸һֹʹ˲þꡣ֮顪
ǱѾŵͻȻƿԵŮˣֿЦ˭˭ҵ˭
ǰɽ˾һ亹ʱ׹
˭Ҫȥ˺ţͻȻԼͷȥ
޳˫һһȻһ»ϡ
ʹѣĹãȻתͷ޳Ǽʱ׹
ˣԶԶ޳ˣǸмر˱ȭл
һϵĴơһ⣬ʧԭء
һ˳ˡ
޳һ̾ϢԱһҲľٶҲͬղһ֪ʵûҲ뿪ս
ܵĿɣģᡣþˣٶЩܵӰ졣
ôȥǸ취дһǰɽѾЩܲס
޳ҲЩżѰͻƿڣԶȻһתͷһȻɴˡ
Ȼ˵ɱ𣿡˿ԯϱĽϣʿˮ
ǳȻһ
ֻЩŮ˸ɶһȥδ͵ɣǳʵ׳ۡԱҲ˷һԼסЩŮһҷ𣬶ҷ
Сˡϲغ
޳ǿȷʵࡣЧ£ͻȻһ¡һϸɫͻ䡣
ɿ̧ͷĴȥһƬԶɽٻš
٣ͫһæǰɽԶĸɽȥߣ


1275 ޵оް
ʲôˣǰɽ˲ɻʵ
ˣ˵޳ץżԶһߵɽȥֱʱŷǵʵѹ࣬羹ȻܹʩչֻշС
ǰɽ˼أٷϻî˾ǰܡ
뿪ǸûãͻȻһ¡¡ĺ¾죬ģһƬٲ޾ˮֱֱûȥ
ɽ鱩ڷõѹԪï͵һ飬ֿߣΣգ
ԭЩ鱻һˮֱӽ𣬼æջصˮµٶȼ죬δ뿪ȣͱˮͷ£һֻ
ԶԯԼǿΪΡȻһ̵ϣһӽˮɳȥ
ǱطϣԯԶɣپȻûûˣһδƽһѾϣһƬ׻ˮһ㣬৵һ½ɽȶûˡ
ԯŵɫĽϣˮ֡
֣û°ɣԪï岢δԶߵԱ߹еʵ
ҡͷްǵԯǡ
ţǳ㣬ʵ¡ô£Ԫï廹δ˵꣬ͻȻ˱仯ԭڵˮͻȻðһ̼һƬĺ
ˡԶǰɽ˼״ֻ
޳ȴòֹۣźؽӦǻźáֻ
ڵĹƺͺйأԯ֮ǰʩչľǼ֮Щ˵Сһ
ȻһṦԯϵıͿʼڻЩ龹Ȼȫһ˿ûڡ
ȻˣǵҲ⺮⡣죬һͲǺжӡ
˵޳ͻȻ¶һŹֵЦݡһֻ͵͵ûǬڣͳһƿ
˵࣬ͳźɫҩ裬֪ͶǱ֮С
ۼ⣬תͷ޳ȴޱģһ²ؼӡʿˮװûʵˣ֪ϴʲôȥ
һ̣Ǿ֪ʲôֻԭ׵ı֮УͻȻǱī֭һ㣬ѸٱȾڣһɲãϢк
ǰɽϢϤֲ֮ûѿڶתͷ޳˹ȥһؿ棬۾ûգһ¡
뾰һĬĬ̿ˮװԼʲô֪
ʱµԯҲһ˿ƺ˶٣ͻȻһļ֮һӽɢ
ǻڱ֮еĻ֮֮ƮڿСԯ𣬺Ƽ˿ɿڵʳһ㣬һ³˹ȥ
ģԯһòԸǡǺܿͷ֣Щ֮󣬾ȻľСȻвһ˲佩ӲһʧЩڡ
̬ĵطΪ⻭֮ڵĿ飬ֻܰҧü߶Ǻһ
ͻȻڵĹͷȻһǻ֮
֮ԯȻҲŹ֮ٳɣ֮ὫߣǾΣˡ
ͷЩɻؽһ䣺֣ط˵Ӧⶫѵǹȥ̫꣬˱ʣԤġ
ԽԽǸܣԼԼͷţһ
ԯʱѾûȥеǸԤԡʲôȫԸڵĻ֮
Զ޳һ˲˲ؿԯĶ˰ʱͽڵĻ֮˴룬ٶҪ֮ǰࡣ
Ȼǻ֮ûôȫ޳ЩءղʵʵԳҪ۾ȷʵҪԼǿࡣ
бȽһ£ʵ֮£ֻܱȵˡĵƲ٣Խսǲ֪ԯʲôơ
ϴô죿޳һֱŵǸСӣչȥʵ
޳۾Ȼ棬ֻ³һ֣ȡ
Ҳûע⣬ֻüȡ
һʱ֮󣬻֮Ѿȫɢԯڣ˴󲿷ָֻ֡һƬӨ
ԯֻ˰ʱЩȫ󻺻վתֱֱضԶɽϵ޳
һȣ޳һս
֪޳ȴͻȻЦһ£ص͵һΣҲռˣһҲӦս

ǳĲսȴָһơ޳仰ֱӽԯˣһˮ˹
޳üͷû̧⻯ʮ⽣һ½Ǳ˷ĩ
ԯڿնƽʱмؽΪӦսұ㲻Σè׽Ϸˣǵս
㿴ʲô޳Ȼָ󽲵
ԯԶɣ¾Ϳ޳İϷЦĵֶζʹóҲˡ
޳ЦţȻָ󣺡Ȱ㻹ǻͷĺá
ϵȻóû͵ϮΣԯؽѾ޳޳Сˡ
޳ǰɽ˺Ȼһı鿴ԯǱ飬һͻȻһɲõͷؾҪ󿴡δͷͱһƸȷ˳ȥ
޳ԭϷʵıᣬЩš죬㶵³֣޵У
ʲôЦͻȻֵľ޴ޱȵŮˣȻһ޵еĸоŮ˱֮֮ǰĽҪӴ˾͸ɽһ˿վʮɸߵɽϣŮվڵϣȴǵȸߣ
⻹ֲܴڵİɣ
ˣǻþʲôܣǰɽѸؿ޳
޳Ҳ͸һ˿𾪣ܿתǷɿؽߣ
޵УǰɽҲоˣһһʡ
֪㿴ԯҲˡ
Զԯһȵ˵ϣҳһӣʱŽҪŮͻȻһֻ޴ĽѾһ̤ȥ¾ͽָȻ˿
̼ǱҲôһŰͬΪӵĞƵؽ̵ľʹˡ
Ҫҡ޳Ǹ롱ֻδ꣬⴫һҽСתͷһȻҲŮһŲһС
ôܣոջߣŵغղžԲῴǰһ̾ܣһͻȻ͸˲ƶԶǸУ
˭Ű
޳һ߷ȥȞ⣬һѴңþܹ֪ǵͷ
ͻȻһţ󺰵ˣŮͼС桯ʲôͻʵʲôҼҹż
ҹżϽģѾ㲻ǰɽ²ˡ
ҶҪ˼룬Լ񡣡޳
ϴҪǻԼ޵еģɲɣǰɽԾԾԵʵ
ûãơһǵģɹ޳Ȼյֱʣϲֶ硣֮ǰͻ޵Уûã
ʱѾϻص棬һѽȵͷԵĞӵҪԶӡ
ǾްԻڻ߶ÿ̤һҪɽȶһ
µؽϴŮʵֲ̫ˣ˵᲻ǸղЩŮ˱ģ˵ôŮҪǡ
죡޳æסɾڞ⻰ͬʱǸԭ̤ľްԣͻȻͣ


1276 
ϴǲ˵ʲôˣ޳ֲı飬Ŀһ¡ԾԱ߿˿ͻȻɴ۾һӾͰˡ
ֻǸ޴Ů棬ȻֳʮϰٸŮ˵ͷģ֮ǰЩŮ
ˡԶľ㶵ؽ
ꡭ¡ѽԣʲôû롣ǰɽذ˰ͷ
޳ѾŞ⣬ȫɽϳȥվǸްŮˡްϵŮͷԽԽ࣬ԽԽԣԶԶȥͺǸﱻסŮˣ˿ƴҪ
ĳˣһŽ޵ӱŴٱСɽ䡣ϰٸްŮˣһžһε𣬶һһ硣볯޳̤˹
ް;ԯڵʱ򣬽ոðͷԯָ̤ȥ
ԯһӻң춼ûӦôһ¡
Ѿģ㵽׺˼ʲô޲
ҡ˭ܸ⵽ô£ôʲôͳˣˡ
ܹϤ˵룬㲻Ҫ롣޳ɿؽͬʱ˵Ϊ棬ҲҪ룬Ȼ䣡
ԶҲһԪïĨ˰亹ûЩ߰飬Ȼ治롣
ƵҪԯֱѪˡҧгݵغô̬Ŀռ䣬ĸ쵰Ūģ
СӣòҪˡǸͷСˣ⴦ռʲôᷢ֡ĵùͷȻƵؽ
ԯҪѪˣߵʵȻ֪ΪθղŲң
֪ҲŪôǱǶˣԺʲôȥ죿УЩ״˶
ͷȴЦÿԼϷ˵ˣҪ֪ʵ
ԯһݣͷڻûȫԼ̳ˣ˻ڹ۲аޣȴûа취ֻýеԹȫȥڳ˴ӡ
ֻǲſ絽棬һӾɵˡǰ鶼һȺ׻⣬۰ۣǿȥûС
̧ͷȥƤһ
һȺ˼ٱŮˢˢվţһƬռ伷ˮйͨվ˫ȵĿ϶䣬һֻϡ
Զ޳Ѿ㵽һɽ£Բߡ
ЩŮ˲𣬶޵еģǾǴ߶Ӱ޷ֵ
ûҲ֪һҪ̶ֳȡ
ռʵ̫̬ˡ˷ģ
̲סĶǱԹ޳ϸĶҪ룬ͷܷ˵ġ
ϴ֪ռˣȤСͶЩԶرȤ
޳ʱû˼ǽЩֻȻǹؿһƽķҲҪҲҪ˼롣
˵ͷ뿴Ѿ̤Ůˡ
⿴Ǽܲ͸ŮˣڵҪһҧͻȻ˳ȥ

ϴȥ̽̽취ȥùңһ־ͱΧŮ˸ˣһŮץУ͵ˤȥ
޳״Ҫȥ嵽һ룬һŤŮ˵ļϣͷ
޳˿ڰ۲
һȭȭҪغңǺܿͷ״ϴɴôһ˶ûУ
޳
ԣһҧһɵŮ˵ͷϣʲôͻƿڡ
Щһһжܵƣζһ¶ѣֻǰ̤ûͷȥѰԶԶȥ͸һֻɽϱQĺƵġ
޳˽жѾʱȥ
ͻȻ˷ܵغûʶ
ûʶ޳ͷһⲻ͵˵ȺŮû޷깥ҪԿֻһǿѣ
ԣǡ
⣡
һɶŮ˾ȻͻȻ˵ϣԱһްͷ͵ȥײ⡣һͱײ˳ȥ
޳ȥһѽס⡣޴ĳ˶ײȥ㻬һɶסΡ
ۡͷһһѪ˳
ô޳ʱ߼壬̽ʱͨһ
ȫˣ
ϴˡ˵ž˹ȥ
أԶ޴Ĳ̤õ涼һΣ޳˱۾ǿűˣĴƣˡ
׹һѾûӰɰӣҲ뿪սԶľǰɽһĻҲȭͷŭ޴й
޳˫Ŀ䣬վؿǰȺ޵еŮˣѪսҰһȼ
ֵܣǻþ޵УˣҪۣ
޳Ӽڿգһɺɫһħһ丩ЩĵŮˡ
ǵûб飬ĮͬûиѪȷʵûи飬ʶûе
Ѹٽ䵽һͷȥδ顣
𣡡оԼͷиСЩŮ˶ŭӾһζҪ޳䡣
޳ץŮ˵ͷɿ̽ȻЩŮûʶ
ԣʲô޳ǿտҲʶУͻȻһǹԽԽԽԽǿ۵һըˡǿҵĳֱʶ
͵һ𣬷ɿˡ
Ԫ飬ܹʶ޳ŵʵղžȻ濴Լʶ
㷢ˣԪƺЩ꣬̾ؽյֶҶòϧûл
õ϶޳Ҳ𺳡Է˼Ѿǻþô򵥣Լ־ҪƳþǳס棬ȴһ㷴ûС
˼Ԫ̾һԽԽˡûطȷʵǼ򵥵Ļþһֻû뵽ǳͷȻôǿ־൱ڸһ쾳ǿ߹а
졪޳һ⻹ô
ҲܰǣȻϤҵϢЩŮ˸Ƴͻǿ
޳⣬Ԫ͵ܸƶԭʵ
ԪԭʵȻû˵޳֪϶ǳǿգһоֻܿԼˡ
޳վܲ鿴һ£ЩŮ˲ֻǿвʱŻ
дˣǶɽǱߣȥǡ
⻰䣬Զʹһŭĺĳǣҹ
ǡ޳ȥǶֵܶŮץУࡣ
ʱǳ£Ǻ¡޳һ˼㴫ֿǱ㲻˺ǡ
Ԫï㶣ѡšԶɣȫ޳Ļ˶Է磬ظ
ץŮ˴ѾʶľͻȻ¶һЦݣһţȻ˽ȥ
֣ԱߵԪï嵱ҪȥһŮˡûܣͱ˽ȥ
Ҳ̫ײ˰ɣԶľǰɽһĻѾ֪ʲôݡ
𣡡˵ŮͻȻֻ޴һ㣬ַֻһػӶ
ʮ˻ԲֱۣصĴԱ߼ްϣΧĿ
ǿŮˣôͻȻˣǰɽ뾰Ѿ̲סָ˺
޳һ߶ɨŮˡϸһɨͻȻضһ¡
һѰ׻⣬ǿŶĵȥڣںϣ


1277 սռ
ںϣǰɽһͷͻһ˳Ұ޳ϴ㲻ǿЦɣ
޳ವһһŮڣͷҲصصԼ档
ҧҧس˽ȥԶԯǵľٶ˼£ҲһŮڡ
ǲŸһȥƬؾͷ˱仯ϰٸŮ˾Ȼ˷һ㣬ֱֱڵŮڼ
ҲҪѧǰɽҪĵιȥˡһ£ôʵ͵Ůˣϵꡭ
޳ߵҲòȥǿűͬھĳ嶯ȺŮͣںϵĹ̲һյʱѾɡ
ٿ棬Ѿյֻ࣬ʣŮˡ
޳߶˶壬ϲطŮҲͬĶһֵͷͻȻϮͷδͳһŮ˳˹ȥ
ԯŮˣʱվһߣȻԯûӦ
޳ŷֱֵۣһƳ˹ȥ
أǸŮһͷһһȷɵ˵ϡ
޳ϲķ֣ŴŮ˵޵оȻת޵ϡ
ԯ߷ߵشӵ˫Ŀ䣬ָŮ˵壬޳һ˹
޳ɫһݣҪˣȴķŮ˵жǳٻһܲͱ˸š
һɳȥˤعʵŮƤ࣬ˤۣ
Χľǰɽ״৵һΧסԯ𣬶ȭ
Ⱥ֣ԯ˫ȻһȦɫı˪֮׶ֱֱܡ
޳Ǽֻ⬡
ģӷӦ湻ٶ۵ģǰɽ
ȥУһҺһµģ޵е赲£ѹꡣü
޳Ҳ뷨һ֪һصҪ鵽ʲô̶ȡһƽϣͻȻԯ˹ȥ
㲻ҪھǺúôһ

أɽһŮصײһܵɽ嶼ʼѡ
ǰɽһ۾Ҳͣ԰ֵȫʹ˳һᣬƬȾͱΪƽء
ԶԪïҲսš޴ŤһţѹɽͶҲ̶á
ҪʲôʱǳУŪӣǰɽԽԽһѽԼĵ˳
ɽ״ĵطŴ󣬽סֱֱسԯԯ״Ҳгһεĵֱֱسǰɽײ˹
أ羪ը죬ܵĿһӱɢγһƬաһǿ룬һ硣
طҪ˰ɣܣ͵ʿˮȥؽɴͽ̬ĵط飬˴һ
˵ţһУһѪĳһ³Уɢ˵ơٵͷԯ˹ȥ

Զɽռ䶼Ҫһ㡣ǰɽһ̽ǺЦСز¶ⶫǸ
Ĳĵļһڻ˼뱦ǳļһﱻǵͷһᣬɲǳеģ
˵ûӣ
ԯñӶҪðˡԭһֻ־ǣȴ衣ȫޣһ׷
Ƕȥ
ĺһϢ৵һӶŮ˰סűϢĴΧĿռ䷢һ̶
޳ͷһæס֣
˵
ˣˣ
¡¡һ߹һĺſռһУ˾İ
޳ֻǰ׹һǰһ䣬类һˮһ㣬ವˡ
һȻãܵͬ黹ڣɽȴѲڡǰһ޴Ů
̵ģͳˣ
̫ӵˡ
˶£лڻ֮ǰֻصľ
޳˵ģǰ֮ȥģ֮ǰ󿴵ɽѡһ̣ƴԵǻһˣгıǡ롰
һ̣ʱ侲ֹ˼άͣЪǰֲϷŴϸһ£ȴ벻һĵһЩһЩ
޳૵ؽʣкȻһֵسĸоǰľ·һӱÿԶһпȥԵЩģôʵ
һֿ͸ĸһ֮ѡкξ壬ѣ
лȻʣһԺȻԺڶһߣʶ£
ɲǼ䣬ʶһƬ⣬ǹ֮Уһֻ֡飺š
ţ޳͵ظֳһһڵţڻ֮ţûеȻֳˡ
ֻδüϸ룬ԺȻһһΣлðʩչֵֵ̧ͬʱӼȥ
ԯ㾹Ȼ͵Ϯ޳㣡ǰɽ߷ߵؿŶһɫµԯ
Ǵҵʱ򣬲Ǵúˬ𣿡ԯҧгݵؽÿһˣ
б¾ȡû³죡޳мؽ
й۲һܵǲ֪ʱѾ͵һռ䡣ռãһƬ߼ʣֻ֮ˡ
սռ䣡ͻȻֳһʡ
ϴ󣬸ղ㲻֪ʲôǱսռˡսطûй򣬻űͨ
սռһʲôδ֪Ψһĳ·ǻš
޳дǶԸԪˣҲסԯ𡣡
⡭ЩԥϾԯǳ㣬޳Ҳֻǳ㣬Ĳɲ㽲ġ
޳ǼᶨصͷõģжԲߡ׻ȥǡ
˵ţе÷ŵ׻ʷ˳һǳһ۷壬һǳ㣬ټϾǰɽԸƥӦ㹻
ϴԼСġǰɽٽ׻ʳԪΧ˹ȥ
ڿԺúôһˣɱүүˡطӦòǱ̬Ŀռ֮˰ɣǿռ籩¡
˵꣬ͱǰɽһƣҪ룬棬˭ȥ
޳Զȥתͷԯ
Էɫ䣬ǳ֧ΣǶȥ㣬ֻһʱѡ
˵б¾ȡû³죬ϻô࣡޳˵ţһԶնȥ뽫սԶһЩȻ˵ǣ͵òʧˡ
ӣԯҲʩչָһɫֱ
޳˫һ৵һϣ赲סǵವһʧԭء
ԯһ㶣̲ס¶һЦȭͷһգ͵ǰһֻ޴ɫȭʸһ㣬س޳ʧĵطȥ
أռͻȻһڶںģû޳ӰǶһܿͻָԭ״
ԯʩչǰȥֻûȥԶ͵ͣ
޳빻ԶˣѾͣصһһƾͳ
޴ڿռ͵һ˦βֱֱײԯ塣
ԯ˫һȭͷ͵һ৵һ£ɢΡ˫ǰһռ˺һѷ졣
˫һץΧĿռͻȻʼ
޳֮ǰֻǿθ˶ѣֳʽϯһԲ˶ߣ˵ţ˫͵һץһıɫ⽣һð˳
޳ǹ⽣֮ʱɫ


1278 ɱ
ռ֮⽣ٵءԪ飬ǹżмص֮⽣޳Ǳ͸˹âĹ⽣ʵ
ûȷʵ֮⽣ռ֮ɣֻСӵĻ򲻳ɣ͡Ԫ鲻мЦһʲôڵ㣬Ҳ㹻ɱˡ
´ֱӽص𣿡޳ֱҪһˡ
ǰǱ⽣Ѿֱֱس͸Ŀռ֮γɵһӽΧס޳ֻоԼһֻбһ㡣
ǧɷעУʱһڹٽֱȥһ

һնʵʵĹ⽣֮ϣһ̶ܴײڹ۵һ£Ϩ̿һ㣬ʧ١
޳һΣ֮Ԫ˵û֮⽣նɱڵ׾١
޳ɣԯŹ⽣һս٣˫Ŀ⣬৵һû⽣С
ʱ⽣â̵ؽΧ⡣޳ܵԼ׹ѣжܵơ
ż֮Ĺ⽣һ³ӭͷնǻĺۼһɫĳƮдɱ
޳˫Ŀһ৵һ±һŽסֻһ£ǹ⽣Ȼһ㣬һͽϻơ
ĺһ޳һγζƱһ㣬ϢͣпհһƬ
ǾԵľ֮ʵı
ֻһ̡޳вսȻһֱʶ
˵һһŹȻǹ֮Уš͸ŲɣϵϢΧһжȥ
ţ޳һһһҵľ硣
ǰֳһһšʱúɫɫԱǺɫɢŨصڣѾûӡ
ţ
޳˫һ¶һЦݣ˫һץһץסǱ⽣ԯһɣ
ʲôԯͻȻоԼֱһδӦǰ˽ȥ
ʲôǰںһƬĿռ䣬üʵ
޳𣺡š
ţԯоǲ⣬ѭһ۾صЦ޳Ȱ㲻ҪҲһˣɵ㡣
޳ޱؿҲҪˣԼ˾ͺˣ
˵һһž޴ĺ纣һ㣬ԯڶȥ
ԯɫһݣȥһͷ֣Ƭռȫֺܡ
ݷＷһʣ
޳ϺƣһħԯǰӸµؽҿҵĿռ֮
˵ţ糱ˮһ㳯ܷɢ̼䣬Щһ趯һɳԯȥ
ߣԯһеĹ֮ǰݺһ
ͻȻһ磬˺Ŀռ䡣Ҳֻһ˲־£ֳ£ȥ
ЩŸʴԣֻҪһմ˵Ƥͻ˵ľ֮꣬ʴ˵޳ؿԯ˫ֿٵؽŷӡᡣ
ԯռ֮ȻһӽЩɫҲŹ⽣ܿն
ʱƬռɽǰһ㣬ƹ׶֮⽣һδѣԴԴѹ޷ġ
޳ӡѾ׼׵һ޴ķ¡¡½һȣػһֻ޴Ӱӡһأ
ӰȾŨصĺɫֱֱѹȥ
ԯپѹӰ֮ʱ񶸵һȵռì
Ļ䣬е֮⽣ȻһĹ⣬ǹ̫ǿңֱֱزӰС
̼䣬޴ĺǿҵս⣬Χɢ޳ҷһħ˫ӡ᲻ϣһѹ¡
ԯ֮⽣˫Ŀһļ֮ԴԴϵشɢ
ڤģ޳һѾԿ϶ԯһżڤġеһô£
ȥԪ飬ֻܼӿеĶѹƣܹһ̽һܹ֮ռȻ
ԯȻڱѹƣҲɣ΢Եһ˿ǱЩĸеԽԽǿڵ֮ӿٵӿ롣
޳ӡѾԽԽʱɢڣһӡɣ˫һУһ޴ķڿն
˫ǰһȵӡأ
Ľܵ𶯵ظӷ৵һûµӰ֮Сֻһ˲ԭӰʵͣȸղŴһҡ
޳˫һ·䣬עӰ֮С
ӡصһҪǿ࣬ԯһӾ͸оֱֱðȵ޳֮ͽѹңˣıƣб¾شһ
޳Цˣ㼸ңȻ޳ܣԸˣҪֶΣҸ㽲ʲô壡
˵ţǧɷȫעУȥһȥɣ
޴ĺһǿֱֱûԯڡ
ԯͻȻЦ֪СΪսʤңΣ
˵ţȻһǿ⣬̼Ǻͽһ˪ס
ͬһʱ̣޳оڴһϸһ̽ȻǼڤķ˲һɹɱĸоȫԯѹһɶ
ڤĻ𶯣һȦȦĲسԯѹȥ
ԯСӣ뿪ͻȻһֱĬĹͷżؽе
ԯһ㶣ҲоһΣУŹ⽣޳ݺݵ˹ȥ
޳׼ǧɷһͬʱ߶ڤģһɺ嫵ļ֮ԯȥ
ôܣͷŵغһû졣
ԯоڵĺȻͻȻʧеĹ⽣ٰһʧӰ١
亹ֱðܲ˵غ
޳˰׹ԯڹȻһˡֻǲսдȶ
Цǰһǧɷؽһսɣ
ԯɫѾҲûǰĶ̬ʱ͸һĺһ㣬ܺɫ־񶾵ħơ
ԯǸ˾óĶ־޳һǳĸԼǰֻųĹһ㣬в֪ʲôζ
ԯһתͷݺݵص޳㣬Ҫͬھ
ͷȻȥѾˣ˫Ŀɺ죬ǳƳױһɾ޴дܻ
޳ȴʧ֮ǰĲ²Ȼûطǿʵڰ뿪ľܵƻʱѾҲ߻ħΣա
㲡Ҫ޳ɲʼһֱǧɷǰһһ۵һ¶ԯ塣
ԯЦһͻȻڿնžһ½ԼѡһĻڿն
޳˫һȻ֯һŴ¡֪ԯӷӭţһµɣ
Ա޳˫Ŀһ䣬ȥͬʱ֮Լȫ֡
һ֮䡣ɲǼ䣬ǰ·һĨ·֮ǰһ·пãһƬֻ̧һɫлһԯݺݵ˹ȥ


1279 ͻ
һԯ飬Ҳѡ޳ǰһžѳ˸ղŵء
̧ͷһսռȻãһƬܿյģһˡԶҵĴӦǰɽǡһʩչǸȥ
ǰɽĵϣѹԱһߣ׻ԪïҲ¡
޳˾ʱ򣬵ССؾһֲŽѹƶѣɼܹߵһȷǷ֮
ϴˣǰɽƳվһԹս޳ԼսʤҪˡ
޳ǰһǵͷһԪïʱѹһӽ
޳ȴֻؿţδսšǰɽܵ裬Ѹһᣬԭƾеĳͳһ浹
ԪïһֻۣȻ˱
ï֣ȥǳΪľܡʵڲԣҾֻܶý֮ˣǰɽһǽü
򲻿ɣԪïֹǶ̫죬ϴεĽѵˣ
ܲˣⳡԣҾԲ䣡նؽȥԪڱصãֹ
֣Ԫï廹δ˵꣬ͼѾгһǬȦӵ˿С˫һҪȥ¡ɴʱ׻ѹţѹûǸֻô󺰣ֹǶܴ߶
޳ԭһԹۿͻ׳һȦһĶֻһȦͳһ˶ߣɢŹĺ⣬һǿѹ˲ӿ
Σգֻ֣˼Ѿжһ˹ȥ
ߣ˭ң͹˫ۣԴԴϵسȦע롣⽫ڸסȥɥĲЦݡ
ģǶˣǰɽǱߴһѾȫָӡеĵܵʲôǣȻСһͱԭ
޳һݣæͣסΡǺ֮һжƻعⷵһ㣬˻ԭֵط֣ǰɽǼòڲϱ任ϵĺɢ
ۣģŤתǬ޳ͻһ£ŭȵǽ֮ﶯãҪˣ
תǬܹ˷ϺͯͷܺʵϣⷨὫ˵ʵӤ׶ΣֱȥֲǣŤתǬܽռ䶼Ťתˡ
Ŀռ䶼ȲȣֻӰƬռ䡣Ƿռ籩Ҷѻ޳æȰ
ģСӷ˲ɣǰɽۣ޲ܽǷɱˣ
ҪҲǰһûȢϱأô꣬Żɣûúôʵ̫ԩˣ
֣Ǻ˺ѡ񣬿סְɣԪïҲһȰ⣬û뵽ȻĻ
ˣһɣеǬȦһӣʱΧĿռ䶼ŤУ۵촫
ռ飡޳͵һٵ飬ֱӴ߶ڤģ߷ȥ
Ǻ֮ܣ׽Ӵֻڤ鲨ȥաֻڤ鲨ŸǺ⣬ͷ˼һĻ
Ǻⲻûбգԭֻһ˶ߵǬȦȻ򻯼һ㣬ϳһɡΧĿռƱපް۵©
ˣҿ쳷޳׻һգǰɽ˾ʩչԶնȥ
ƬռϾҪ̤ˣ
֣ǺαأԪïһƴ赲ź壬һεʵ֮ǰҲʩչ֮ʱʵûôǿҲֻǽһСǧŪ¡ɴ˿̵̣ԲŪһСǧͿճģ
Ʒ˿ķһ㣬ȫ˵ĻʱֻһͷҪʤ
ⲻϱǣ̫գԽԽԽԽȡյĿռ䣬޲бĿռӿռ֮ڵһռ籩
ò֪ǺãʱҪѾֻҳʩչ
ҳĿռݻûױ߶ͻȻоһ˿Ƭռ䡣һֻͻȻס궯ĺһ㣬ƬռͻȻƽ
еǬȦһ󲻸ʵСһصԭģ
ʩչǧѾ֮޳͵ͣռϸһ̽¶˾ȵı顣
Ԫ飬ŵֵϢ
ңԪѾӦʱϸϡ͵һԪЦҵϹ̵ģȻǹȱµģ˭ĵ
ص㣡޳Ƶؽ
֪ԭһϹսɣ
ص㣡
ǵģ⺢ôôûģԪֹһ䣬޳üͷ潫ˣЦ˼ؽ
Զսһģ֪ɣ
ģ˵Ƕˣ޳ʵ֮ʱŹⶴĵĴԣû뵽ȻĴڡ
ԪͷؽûǶˡ϶벻ǶȻڡףԣ̵ģǰ˸ӾȻ̵ʹԪүû
ʲô޳ҪʣͫͻһȻռͻȻѣһֻ޴˽
ʲôǰɽһ
˰ɣǾ޴İԼ£Ǳ׺һɵ˺ü죡
ߣ޳˾ʩչǰͻȻҲðһֻ޴ƣͻȻʹһգûס
һϢ⻹ֹһˣˣʲô˲أȻ쵽
ǲǸղǿɶģǰɽʱһֳֻֻ֣ײ˹ȥ
Ԫ飬սռǲǾǶģ޳ͻȻ׹Щ˽
ԣҲԡⶴĿɲֹսռһڵ㶼㣬û뵽ǸɶͷȻֱӴ߻ˡҪշһ⡣
޳°죬ֱӺص㣡
صǣǲշɣ
ã޳סڴ֣뽫ɱξ䣡
˵ͬʱδͣһһ⴦ռҴܣǼֻƾ͸۾һ㣬׷ٵ
ǵϢˡǰɽĨ˰ϵ亹ݵؽҪʹɣ
򲻹㿴ǵƣֹǳ۷壬ﾳĸ֣ü
޳ҲܳءǵĸܶҪЩ˿¸ﾳ硣ʵȻǿδﾳĸֳ֡Ǿֻ˵ЩޱȵԪ򣬸Щ֪ĵط
ǶⶴĻģ޳һ߶Щŭƣһ̾
ⶫֱܹӳһƬ򣬵һС硣ҿĿǰͷӿѪҪɹܵǶ򣡡Ԫ
޳һ̧ͷǼֻƵı˱䡣
Ȼһ޳δӦͱһֻͻȻ۽һϡ
ģͻȻʧȥƽ⣬æнǰɽһסͨһͱĽһռ϶


1280 
ֿߣһߣԭ׼ӵԪï屻ͻȻֵƸһ㶹æ
ƺԼĽȦƵУ˫ЩãؿԪïһۣҡҡͷ
ѽɵ㣡ۿʲôЩƣ붼ﾳ磬ǻһƵģһ֣
ԪïĻƵģ˫۴͵ؿеǬȦɵˡ
ôˣԪïԾֲŸӣͻȻһ˦
֣Ԫï󾪣ϸ۲һаһ˫͹ɣֱֱͣǰ
ܵĿռ籩ԽԽͣټǼֻͻȻֵƵƬռԽԽ飬ۿžҪ顣
ˣߣԪïһҧһ˹ȥ˵ֻ·һ
˭ҴңʱͻȻһƻӿԪï֣˫Ŀ䡣
ˣ⴦ռҪˣǿߣԪï弤ؽ
֪ȴǰڰ֣ϹһĨпЦʵߣΪʲôҪߣ֪ʲôط
ԪïԼλֿѷˣŭȵʲôطֻ֪ٲ뿪Ҫɥˣ
ؿԪï壬ͻȻһȥ
ͬʱ޳ǱҲֹۡһռ϶ǰɽʹĲҽУģǱʱˣ
֪ЩôҪˣ
ҲҪţֻǿռ籩޳ٰĿǰﷴ氲ȫ׼ãŻ
Ļǰɽ뾰˶ǻһ𣬲Լͬؿ޳ǰɽһ˿ŵʵϴǲڴʲôע⣿ȺϹͻȻⲻѰɣ
û϶ʲôʣȻЩһﲻðƻءҲؽð֮踵飬û㹻ı꣬Ⱥɾ˾Բɡ
޳ͷֻĸ֣ġ
ǡ˶һ𾪣ŵ¿еˡ
޳ûнסΣȥӦ
ʱЩѾӵֻԿռһʵɱߣ໥ҲӶԷΪС
أֻ޴ײһ𣬱һǿֱӽΧһƬռƬսռķ籩Ѹ͡
޳ڿռ϶жܸо޴ײ𶯣ο档ֻһ£ֻƾ͸СһЩ
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Ȼָɽһ㣬ʧۣ޳һһֻŮ˵ֱ֡Ŵɢſֲѹһ㶼ˡ
ǰɣǰɽͣﰧҪһǾĲûˡ
ڵóӶҪˣ
޳ɫҲ߶עʶ֮УţĴ㣬һˣȫţ
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޳˶˿ǰɽֱؿڣŴˣŮ˱ҳȻһ˰ǿһٱ飡
УһۣҪһ˵ղҲڹŹǻһȦ
ǺϢ޳ͻȻü
ǼһﱻˣǸãҪһﶯʲô֮ҲᷢЩáףԾǰɽһ룬ȻŴ͡
ϢôͻȻôǿˣҲһȵʵʱǸӦϢϢ˲ֹһ㡣ǼһԭҲǳһңʱǳ㣡
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ҸᣬˣǰɽѾڼƻ
ϴ˵ô£ⲻЩ˹ȥɱ˼⡣ǼһϵھԵʵǰҲαѰ·
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ǰɽص˵ͷЭƬ϶ֻǲһͱǰŪˡ
ֻǰ治Զһ޴ϣɢŹĺ⡣ǺϢǻ൱ϤǸղŵǬȦ
Ǽ֮ôˣܹ㲻ֵ֡ǣһǳһߣôǸʵô̵ʱõ
ʱǬȦһתʱɢŹĺ⣬γһ޴ĺɫĻǹĻ֮źɫĲ֪壬ԶԶȥ͸һֻ޴һ㡣
޳˻ӻ֣ԶЩǶԾ
ǰɽ뾰ҲͬУԾȥ
䣡ͻȻǺһⱩ˼֡Ǻ֮УһɫӰ֡
һ߾ŽȦϱĹâյͨ죬۾ѪһƬ׹¶
΢΢ţЦ
֣סְɡȥԻٵģԪï廹ڽȰ⣬˵Ѿڸ޲ýΡ
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á
ԪïϵĵɢһӨӨĽ⣬γһϽ档Щϣȫ˻ȥ޿κΡ
ʱŵһѽɫĵ֮Уһ¾Ҫ
Ԫïǰɽֻ۾͵ġ
ˮǳϢؽ
һȥʮЦٲװʲôװ˵㲻Ҫǰɽؽ
𳳡񲻶Ծ޳С۾ȴһֱǰ
ǿ쿴ǰɽȻָǰ
ֻԪïȻеĵƿַŵϡ
֣кЩԪï彫ѹסһЩһֻسע
ţöˡл㡣ï֣һ·϶㣬ȻҲ˳شһءʵǸмȻһ̬صл
˵ЩʲôǶֵܡҪʲôϵЦͻȻɴۿȫǲš
ִץһѪܵ࣬ͻȻֻҰƵͷЦ˵ֵܣֵõġȥɡ
˵ţ͵ؽǬȦȥ
㺦ңԪïŭغѵش߶еĵ
ĵȥɡϹЦȦһӡֻһ޴ĺԪïеĵɳȥ۵һ飬Ԫû⣬̼ز
̵ģӹݣԶһпǹĿ࿴
ϴǶɹˣǰɽָ߷ε
޳һȻವһ½ǵ˹Ӹǰɽͬһʱ̣ԶȻס˶ǽȦֱֱ˹


1281 
ߣ޳Ѿ¶Ҳٶܣֱʩչȥ
һһʯһӷƬռһҪ׷ͻȻһֻƵסȥ·
мؽɨһۣȵͷβļһ¶ⶴҪˣ˭
ĿľȻǶģѹֵܶɱˣǰɽŵؽе
޳ŲԽԽù죺Ԫ飬ûзֹ֮
Сԯ·Ԫһĵؽ
˵Ǹӵˣ޳ȵʵ
ܣûŵϢֻƾֱҲˣǼһʵͻͽⱾͺ֡ǬȦܸоⲻԼ
Ԫ۾Ȼ޳ϸһƣȷʵ֮ü룬תͷǰɽ˵ǽϢȥҪǷˡǿٶ֡
ǰɽ뾰ϲľǳû֮飬ͲǴһ
ŤתǬԶĴһϢԱѹ
޳˷ȥܹǺ⡣סһȴǾһ亹ֻǺѹĿռ䣬ȫŤ
Ť̶Ѿ۶ܹԿһһ㣬ŤתһռѵĿռ϶УӿһƬռ缱ӿĺһ㡣
޳ǰɽסſסǿ硣Զڷģоž޴ĽȦסЦһž޴ɴȫС
ǼֻʶΣգͻȻһ³˹ȥÿֻĶһʵʵĹâȦ

ˡȦһ¡¡졣ɫһ͵һ𣬷ֱһ񣬴ȵŤתǬ
ʱǺͻȻøҫѪˮһ㣬Ƭռ䶼Ⱦú÷Ǽֻ֮ϣͻһѹ
䣡ֻ𶯣ҪƷѹ
оһɾ޴ѹҧǬȦѹȥ
Ѿ˷籩Űռ䴫һıʣֻںѹ֮£ȻʼС
ԽԽŨŨѪһ㡣޳Ѹӹĺ⣬ֻüǰɽӽԪ֮УӾͱ͵˸߿ա
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˭Ҳ˭ϵײǵĽ֣ܵĿռԽԽ죬ں¡һױѿ
ʱ㰲ȫǣ̧ͷͷӿգԵЩ֪ͣ˭һ䣺ˡ
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·Ҫһ㣬ϷƱãܿ˳ӿһֲľһҧ˴С
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ŽȦֻƽţӱսռֻƱϾ٣Զٿط޷־ãʱѾƣ̬ԡ
˫һУƲ֪ƣƵģȦһʱһ糱ˮһ㽫
ۡɢƬռֻʣŨصĺɫǬȦһףͷ˫ֿʼһӡƮɢ
սռ޳ſۣؿǰҵĿռ䡣
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ֻһǹиһɫĴš
šһֵǺɫš޳һͶǺɫ֮С
һȥһµĲľϢһһƬдУȻһﻨ㡢ľïԴ
޳ǰȥǲ֮ǰ֮е߱ˡǱǾȴ޾ϣ
ϣ޳૵ţиֳԼҪ˵үүģĸ׵ģЩ֪ˣһ϶Σ˵ǵϣ
ϣۣЩ˵һӡԺ֮Сϼ縺ĵƺһЩȴΪݵӶеԺ
ͻȻоһѹһ̽ȻĿռڼС
Ķܿ죬һѾ޴Ŀռһ롣޳͵һղֻһ㱶ѣȴѾá
񣬲ȥЩ翵ĶصĿռ˼ſգеĵȫһ顣˵ʵЩƣϣ
ڤġġڤģ壬壬ս⡢⡢ǧɷӰ㲻֪ĵƻ治١
иֳǬȦĺɿռ֮ŤתǬľ棬üͷ΢΢ЩܵķΧޣѹܹôĿռ䡣
ʵޣս㹻ǿ󣬾סôһƬռ䡣
ʲôأֽԼĶһ飬ϣԺȽȽžϨֻһˣûкʵĵѹܿôĳ档
ȵȣһˣ޳ͻȻۣһ⡣
ôˣķӰӰӵ¡
жһԱֳһһģһˡৣһһӰ֣Χм䡣
һ˵Ŀǰ۳ķӰ
һ̾ϢɨȥȻƬռޱȹ󣬾Ȼһɨ֮޷ɨ߼ʡͬʱչһɷǳãĸоտԶоԼҲͬռһ졣
ϱһƬ⣬۵һסһ˵Ӱ
͵һ˫ۣë׶͸ÿһë֮УֳһӰ
ɢ޳͵һȡëеӰس⡣ǵأһѹһ㣬жëףжٸ
ЩһģһͬĶͬı顣ضۣۡ
ֻⱩǣչֳӰõԶžˣ·Զ̤ᶨ·ϡ
һƬסķ޳͵һȣ飬ܷ


1282 ŤתǬ
ʱ飬ǬŤתĩƽ٣һжѸٱ顣֮УΨһƬ⣬ƵĿռڳռ䲻
ԽԽǵĵƲסӳҪɹˣʱƬռѾֻһֻˮװСܿУ
˫ֵĶӿһϵķķɿطɳϳĿռ֮С
Сӿ㣬ҪɹˡһոɹǾͳбˣԪҲ޲Լȥ
ţǸͷǳԱ˳šӲڻУⲻǵô
޳ܷȫĻעķӰ˶ķӰ˵һͻƣϾսôһᣬ־飬Ҫݽߵĸо
СɵóסȥԪоĳæ
޳ҧ˵Ԫ
ѽ㿴ҰôҪˣԪԼ޵ţ˼ؽʼ߶Ԫ֮ǰ洢ԪһԵظ˳
ѪȥˣΪⶴģƴˣ
õԪ֧֣޳ЩӰƴ˼Ѫһ㣬һ¾ͷ˳ȥ
޳ڼʤϲе͵ſ˫ۣǣɭЦû뵽㻹û
Ц͵һȣϢǱֻǺصһһӺøѪһ㡣
ˡ޳оһѹܵĿռ䶸Ȼѹ࣬һɽڱϡ
סҪľˣԪһ߷ɿش߶Ԫһ߽
޳ҧȻߵǿĳ̶ȡһһԪʶһ˼ԴԴɢӰ
һӰһǽһһ㣬ԽԽԽԽߡһɫĴͣһغʵɢһʤһ
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䣡Ĵž޴ѹѹ£ܵĿҲһ𣬶¡һ£С˼֡
ӿѾȥĿռ䣬籩ҲЪֹľҪɹ޳оԼҪѹһ㣬ȫӿѹʹ
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޳˫͹ɣ͵һȣһõĽ⣬ǵޱȵĽɫͷֳڽɫĹâУ볤һƬ
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޳һǧٺȼһ̾ͳ˶ĵԱߣʧԭء
ž׺һҪվĻ˵ϡ
֣ߣ޳дѾʧӰ١
׺֪ںδ޳Ĭȴջ˶
˭ͷת򣬲ŭġ죬û˻ش
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ģ͵һĴȥҡﻹжĵӰӡ
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ɣϹҪˡСӣֵܲؼʱ̻ðԪЦøֻ͵ȵèһ㣬׺ӡӺղ޳ȻҲƾԼҪʡ¡
ţһʱȱ֪޳¹شһСľͻɱ֮ǰɽʱʺ֪
ԪҲϻֱչٲһϢĴ󣬽
޳Ҳûк֮ǣȶѸһʱ󣬶ֻʣֻȭͷС
޳û⣬ּһֱһöҺ˴СͣԪ齫һ˿
үүģöûˣǾĶǰԪ̾
˱˻ԡⶫԪСҸʱһ¡޳ҲܺãЦŽ
ⶫʶǳͷĴеСԪͻȻؽ
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Ԫ飬ǲǻʲôң޳ʵ
߹㲻ҪʲôţҪȾġºˣˡԪüؽ
ʲôжˣ޳Ƶʵ
ҲģΪеڱʵҲиоġֻǸܲѡʱ߰Ķ̫ˡ
Ⱦˣ޳̲סԪĆ¡
˰Ԫյؽǹ޳֪Ҳ޿κΡֻǣҪ̫鷳ˡʱҪչأ㲻ҪҡУ׺ҵǾԸģ֪ΪʲôϵϢҾЩһĸоֱظоӦòẦ㡣
޳ͷҲָоȻĬҲǸص溺ӡ
ҲɵͷεģĸƤԼۡԪϸؽֆ˼䣬ǰɽ˷ųüȥԪȥˡ
޳Ĭãжǹڸղŵ顣Ǹѣǽˣ
ϴûˣ
أǰǧļһû
ˡ޳ֹסǵĻƮƮһ䣺ͨˡ


1283 Ԫ
žɽಶƺЩǰɽ뾰ʿˮʵЩϢ
޳Цǵļ˵ˡȥɣ϶֡
̿ˮʵϴⲻŪƵİɣ޳֮ǰı֣ܣ
޳ȴһҡҡͷǳؽ⻹治ҡ
ȷʵⶼǶĵԵʣʲôϵ޳İõ롣˱뿪ɽ
֮ǰ޴Ŀռ籩㶼һһ㶼ܵ˲ʱѾŻ©˷Ƶġ
޳һ·ŹռĴԣ˿ȻҲдռˣû֤ݷΪһظС粢֪ĵ飬Щ֪Ҳûй˼εǼ˸ˡ
֣˸߳һĴţԶӭ
֣Ƿǣʱ޳˳ӭû£˿
û¾ͺáҿǶˣ㻹ûӰҪȥˡµؽ
޳һܣѾرأƣʹˡ
޳Ȼʵ
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ϷһҩзãϽ֮ʹҲ˲õ飬óô˻˵ҲҲǸᡣ
ˡһΣ̫лˡɵСҲǸôһϴ󡣡мؽǵʱһӵĵҩʱȫɵˡȫļƷҩҪóȥϰٿŵҩܹҵף
޳ЦЦûЩҩ֮ǰϹ⻻ָЩֵ֮á˶٣ŷһߣһʵ
ЦһգصصƲ̫áڵõԯϢڷŭѾһҪԸ㡣֮ǰ䣬ȻʹѹһЩϢ˳
Ŷ޳תͷ
˵һŶġֻ֪ȥǱˡⲻͷгˣȻĺأܲ͸ǽ洫÷׷˵ԭһıս޳С
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޳޳˵Сĵؽһ
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ǰɽ˫ΣյУķವس˹ȥһĿ˳
ҵ˭ԭڵĹӣôһǷǰɽһˤڵϣƵؿ
㣡࣬ײ޳Ŀ⣬ûϢʿˮһ仰ҽ
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ǣǻбӦģֱ£ſڵϺðűôһ䡣
޳ѾȥΪСආش߹һƮƮĻڿ޳е±Ӧڣ׼ñڰɡ
ȴ͸ʯ쾪ơ߶Ϻһԣǲ㳲ƣ·һħ˲ӡ
Χ˺һȦˣԾȥ޳Ŀɨ費һµƣ̧ǰȥ
˹˵ǼͷӴһӭ޳
ǣ޳ֻǱȭһݣΪȥȥ˳ŵͨϢݣȴԪĴǰ
һĻЩʵ˺þã޳ȴǿɵĳ嶯Įֱ뿪˴˵ء
ƳһЩߣ֮ʱ޳ϴǲڹʲô
ǴʱѾϢݵһ᷿޳űûˮתͷǰɽһۣصؽǱһС
׷棡Ϊ˵꣬ͱǰɽ뾰ͬشϡ
޳Ҳһ֮ˣͷ֪ҲΪôġֻЩж֮ˣ޳ʵ㹻ǿ֮ǰֻȶԲˡ
ֻǰج֣Щ޹ĿǰԪѾֽĵ˶ãʱȻ󲨡ϣΪԵʶ˺
ϴһҾбҪһҵļ壬ҵļôһЩšȻŤؽ޳ϲɫż˵һţ˵ԶսҲ಻Ϊ֪ܡһ˲õĴ˵һֱЩڰе˵
˵޳кȻ֮ǰĻգЩصĴС̧ͷؿžʵǸ˵ǲԶйأ
Ҳ֪вӣݷҲֻ֪һЩƤëѡЩʱȻһţȻ
޳׷ѰһĨȻ˰ǰľļ򣬲δʳ
һԵǰɽҲǰؽаСӣصÿɹ
һпԵӡŪǰɽ˼˵ˡ
ɽҪҪؼһˣ޳Ȼʵ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽϵϷʧӰ٣ż˵ɲܲҪҰ֪ˣ
ǰɽΪ˼ڤĵ鵣ǣȴ޳𼤶ҲǸ˼ﱾΪ˾ĸסڼȻڤѾϣǾͲҪٵʱˣûȥˡ
ǡǰɽΪѣҪȥԪˣôĵ»ȥ
ϣ㻹浱ԼǸˣϴû㻹ܱ۸ȥæϷ˻ȥЦؿ
ǰɽɫһ죬˰ѺӣصСӱҴֽڹϣȥҲܷġϴ֪˼һǲɢȻԼȥЩ˰ɣ
޳Цҡҡͷȷʵһǣаšĸ鲻ĸһδ밲ȫͲܰģȥЩã顣
޳ȻԼĸףֻʣһлԪ֮УûȥֽЩԪ򣬱ȥɽʯ
΢΢һ̾ϢóڤĸǰɽԪ㡣
ǰɽļڤģ΢΢ͷһ˿ˮ˿ڤ˾䡰ء˴⣬˲ʧҹС
ǰɽȥıӰ̾˿̧ͷ޳ԼæŵؽҿûĸҪȣϴ˦ҡ
޳ʧЦһƤӣֻεҡҡͷȻҪңǾ׼ɡȥ硣
۾һóһǬȻ·˿װ𿿽װɲܱԪ˸Сˣ


1284 
ڳĴ¥㼲սĸо޳˸ϵ¥ʱѾΪģֵģ¥
޹ӣ롣Сӭǫͣ޳̾ȡ
ϴ˵εĽʹԪ˫ǳӡС
ţ¡޳ؽ
˱Сţֱȥ˶¥᷿·ЩĽߣԶԶؿ޳ˣ˽
޳ô᣿
Ӣ۳갡СС;Ѿǳ㣬츳ԪЩҵŶضˡ
ȷʵҹ۴Ӵ䲻ǳ֮ﰡѾͲסҪ޳ɷ䣬һŮֹУò˫
޳ֻ뾰˲ǰߡ
ǿҪ̤᷿֮ʱԱߺȻһͣߣһӶѣ·ûУߴӣ
ĽŲ˶٣ǰۣȴ޳סֻתͷݺݵعһֹۣ㻻·ƫϲ
޳νǰߣû˵һ㡣ֻǽ᷿֮֮ǰЦǵλҲһ˽ǵʱ򣬲м⽫˴һ飬һ
޳ӣ֪Լ˺ޣһĺ᲻̫Ī˵㣿
˵ĳ嶯޳ȥ
ǻ֮ǳԷĵطʱ˶ߣ߽ȥͣ
޳ˣһλӭ˳Ц÷ǳͰǿˣ͵ˡ
˼£ˡ޳ؽ̧ȥֵزԣ˿ΪԼɫʱԱ߼Щˬ
бһۣ˰ЩͷͲ֪Լ˭ˡ˸ˡ
޳ȥǸղǸӣüúЩ룬Ǽ̱ϵĻ޷ڸסδڣѾȵǿгٵȻûУĳЩָɣװүأ
һ̣Բ˾ͺã˾ͺãҸһ¡
˵ͬʱ΢΢ؽӵ޳ǰһ޳˳ȥ˵ӡŪ˲һЦ
ϺõϯѾڿվһȦˣһ߰λǹóλӸǡ
Ҹǽһ¡λ˫˾ͽ˾ͽӽ޳λֱߣλϵһλṫӡ
ֶṫӸ˸ص˾ͽӣλ޳Աλобֶǳ㣬ݰѵһš
񣬽üĿһ»쳣ƫƫӴ硣޳һ˾ͽȭ˾ͽӡ
޹ӡӡ
˻һ˾ͽ˵ȻˣǾͿϯɡ
˶δ飬׷ֻƺЩûж
˾ͽһۣ¶һ͵ЦСߣǵ˵Ļˣ
˵̧ͷŴҵôҼЦˣҼСױ軵ˣء
ûû˾ͽ๫ֱ̹ˬҲġЦŽ
˶׷׸˾ͽһƨλϣ̧ͷݺݵصһ޳
޳֪ԼȴȻоһǿҵߡתͷȥײԹ
Ӧġ޳кȻͷ΢΢ƲĿ⣬װѶɱ֮ˣȻûкøС
Ҿһ˴ˡ˾ͽžƱվҲ׷߱
磬ǰѾһȻҪ˶԰ɣ˾ͽͻȻ
޳һ漴Ȼѹֶ˳⣬ԭĹʽ
˾ͽԼߵܣŴҵ˷ѡܳŽԪνΣͨŶǰȥ
ߣǱĳЩˣƾͨѣȻҲҪƤȥҪǵ֪һЩûõ˻ȥᡭ
Сߣ˾ͽɫȥô˵ֲֻо
˾ͽ಻ˬؽͷŤһߣźԼľ
֣ĳһֱһ̣սռ֮ڣΪҪ͵ϮֵԪï壬в㣬Ĵȥǡ㡪ĳֻԼʵ΢ܾ
㣡еıžرƬҪվȴ޳һѰס
ֻ޳־űӣأһڣؿ̲ؽִˡʱϲ֪˺ֱʣ͸һ㣬ͻȻʵ㶼ˡԪҪֹ㣬ȴ߻ħһƸˡ޳ʵڲΪʵ΢ĩܾԪ֡
˵꣬ӵҲȥϾʱ㱻ռ壬ʧȥ־ЩȻǵáҲãԵֵܶˣ㰲áԪ飬еοġ
ԭһʵĻȫںУ²Ҳʲȥ㱻˵ˣ죬һ죬Ҫ˼ȴڶҺˡԼ˸
Ȼ˾ͽעһط˵춯Ϊ
޳æԲӡֵʱɼǱ֪ˡ˽Ȧ˿ռ䣬˵Ҫġ
ģ
ֳ˵ıʱ΢˾ͽʵĿռأ
̯̯֣ˡʱʵգֹˣֻˡ
治֪޳ޱװ֪ʧأֻæףʱһʵۺļһһơ
ԭ˵ԼһƱɵˣﻹ˵ǶģȴԼӶûˣ̽Ҳ֪ǶȥʲôطҲأ
⻰Ǵ˵ڴ˶Ǽ֮ˣȻĻҲþ޳Ļ
޳Ųǵ룬֮ˮҲ
˺˶˼һٷԵϰ£˾ͽȥԪʱ䣬޳˱ˡ
ڶգ޳㿪ʼһ˺ܾõ顣
ľڱ֧֣óóȻˣ»Щƶкĵ飬ǵؽ
ްѾûüֵˡ޳ؽ
ǣԯʱֵĺλ֮Ѿȥûصı֧֣޳㹻ȫڣ
ѾҲ¶һЩŵĳ𣬳һҪ㡣
ԣڲҷڣ֮ǰѶЩҪϾɱȨ˱ûѪؽ
ھĹܣ޳ǳΣ¾ͽҷж齻ֺǺǵŷˡ
ڴ˴ȷʵԸ޳ӿһ籩οǣΰȷ׷޳֮ˣȫиָϵݣһɡ
ˣ޳ŷĵĶһڣԯ


1285 
·ڷ衣޳һħң֮ȫһƬ档
޳㻹ԯ˫͹ɣݵؿ޳̧һԱߵһɽһ˹
Ҳôɱ㣿޳ЦƺȻԯһ˹ȥ
ǳѽȣβһ˦һɿˣžһ½ԯס
޳ҽ㲻ɱ㣬ҲҪͬھΪҶ𣡡ԯŭغ͵³һͷѪžûٻһε֮С
޳ͫһǵϤĺܣԯǸһ𡣵˿̿һȻֻǷƷһǱ
ԯѪĽ࣬εһ⣬һ춯ص¡¡̼γһĿռ䡣
ռ֮ڣʱ͸תһ㣬৵طţһ̼ܻҷ
޳һŹĵ֮ͬֻһһתҪǿࡣ
޳ԯ͵һ٣һεѹ˲ӶֶɵĿռһƮͳ޳ֹ
޳ϽⱩǣһƮķһ㣬ˢˢظϡͬʱһƬǿĽɫȻɣֱֱײתռ䡣
ֻһɲǣǿҵ罫Բһ֮ڵﶼݻ٣̼仯޳ֻһأһǿѹѹϣѪ
һתĵȻǿ޳ֻԼûһǿĵΣûеҪɱ
޳һڿնĶһŭķڣسѹȥ
̵ĻǿҵУҫ۵̻һ㡣
޵У޳̧֣žžصĴϡ
䣡ʱһҫ۵Ľ⣬һ㣬ƥеƣȻĿռ֮С
ģԯ˫Ŀѣ͵һ³һͷѪ
оѪҺһעУʱâһһֱֱǺ֮һжš
ҿ㻹¼ڣ޳ϹЦԪؼתһʵ۵һע뵽֮С
ֻһ˲䣬һֻĿȸһ㣬৵һ£ʻ⡣
ʻײϺһҫ۵ĹâضΪ֮ɫһ֮ڣʱתߵһжƱֹͣһ㡣
޳Ҫͬھԯǲϱϡ͵ĺһ˿ҧһƬ˻Уžһ廯һѪ
Աԣ޳ɫһݣ㳲৵ע֮С
ͬʱԯû֮Сԭһ˶ߵľŲ㱦̵طɳת۾ͳ˼ʮɸߡԯ긽֮ϣһЦɣһɣ
Ȼ޳ֻоԼһӰ֣ͷ㴫һǿѹѹ䡣
޳͵һȣתһ⽣ͷȻֱֱһ
䣡¡֮١
޳ҧǳױǿһע֮Уͬʱǧɷ৵һû⽣֮С
һƣ޳һȣһŨīȻʸһ৵سƥ֮Ʋ֮С

һϸ΢ԯֵϣ۵Ĳţôܣ
ûʲôܣɣ޳Ц˫һɣ৵ɫĹವûǧɷ֮С
ˣǧɷ𶯣ڹ޳һȣȥ
ৣʱǧѹ⽣ֱֱسžһ֮С
ꡭꡭԽԽܼԽԽ죬ԯŭ˻УڻһƬ
ȥЪ޳һŻԪأ̧һӣ
ʱһҫ۵ĻͷȥѵУȼ
޳Ź㣡ԯʵغ潫ɵ
޳ޱؿ˵۵䡣
ǣ۾ǱԯһߡһɱڣһܴԭҪҳۡһ꣬
ۣԯһ㶣ЦҪҷۣҵ
޳Ȼֱӽнʵ˵
Ҳ㣬Ҳ֪䣬Ϣ𣡡ԯһˣĻʤСһ㣬Ц
޳һּһЩҪơȴԯȻغԶ뵽޳Ϊ𣿡
ԯһħһ㣬˻𣺡ڴ͵Űɣһ죬㱨ڽյĳ裬նϴˢ
˵޳нⱬ䣬ֱӽԯסһѹȥ
ԯʹغŰɣģڴвԪ𣡹棬Ī
޳ɿˣǰͷһ죬ԯȻֱȼ꣬׾
ˣ޳ȴһҲɡԯ֮ǰĻһһ㣬Ժը˻
Ԫ򡭡ȻǶ𣿡޳һ˿ã̧ͷ˿աããһƬ类ˮϴһ㣬ǳɾ
ΧĽѾȫΪ۳ڸղŵĿ֮бڳһƬࡣЩѶڵӣɱһ޳ŷͨһڵأͷĵ졣
ɱԶһɱ˳˽
ϴѾȫ
ҷѶѾȫɱԸ˳Ѿɱ˵Щʱд죬ǳһڶ
ţˡ޳ת˽ڵһȫй֮伮ҳ
ǣ˵ָȫѰ
޳ڿգؿŵ¼ɹ˼ƮԶ䲻ͻһһֱؿڣ²ʲȥǸ˺ĸĳܲ
ۣҪҪʬǻһὫҳ޳ݺݵؽ
ԯһŵĲҰܣһɢɳɢڵӱɱһЩ¶Ĺ齵ʱӴھͳ׳Ϊ˹ȥ
ϴйˡ̧ӹһӶһЩйҴִֿ£ɷ֮¡һҪ߼һЩһЩǹżб
˵ŷһƵĲ޳ⶫƺЩͷˡ
޳ӹһ۾ʱ
ִɨһ飬ݸ㿴
ǣƸۣȻƸۣŲЩû뵽Ǵ˵ейȻ£
޳ЦŽڼмƸۡļأഫԶʱһսĴƸۣǿʵֻ֢ǳλսһڸ׹о
޳𶯣û뵽Ȼս˵ڵʵͻͽȻ⹦йءϧԪʱڱչأ
ϴ쿴ȻָŲһ亰޳תͷһ۾Ȼ


1286 ǰȥԪ
⹦Ȼˣ޳׽θʵķþ
սȷʵһţ֮ǰȥڱ˵ǲҪʲô
޳ܸоǸ˾Բǽ׹ѡ
ϴⶫȻѾƣʵѲ⡣һСľ߻ħˣھǰ֮һҪ˼Ȼؽ
޳ʧЦͬʱҲůůģһΪ⹦Ц˵ˣֻҪŪһѣ⹦ȷʵ湦ֵý֮Ҳ
˿ãҪһ治֪ҪôȰ㡣
޳ȻЦ֮ģһʵִҪ㵱Σ
˫һɣѸײڶ֮һƴȥ
޳ɵˣӦæѲ˳ؽǷˡ
ɵЦҪ÷ƻûͱһˡ
޳ֻҡͷķݣ棬ȥһ¶ɣֵǷˡȻȥˡ
ֵлϴ󣡡˵ص
ڱϢܿʹݣһʱ䣬޳˼֣᲻һ
ΪһЩõıҪδ֮ʱ޳ȴһɵȻ·ѹһ㡣
ǻʵ۲̫༱ϴôһΣʶûУɸֵؽ
޳üҥֹߣʱˣȻ֪
ڰڮ٣ĿҧгݵؽҲ֪˭ɢҥԣ˵޳ɱѶᱦƻ˵
ΪĻ֮ǰŬɾͰ׷ˡ
޳ȴȻʵǱûж
һ㶣һԴȻ򣺡ˣһǸյļһڰ㣡
ȲҪгͻϿйŹ֣ҪӦԡ޳֮ʱ״ҲЩɵҪԵĿɾͲһǳĶֶѡ
ͷףѾ˰жˣţ˻ûϢʧһ
޳Ϣʧؽҡ˼һҪҡ
׺ûٿѭֻеԼˡ
ʱ֣޳ȥѰңһȴͻȻ᷿֮ڡ
֣޳͸˸һ㣬׺ĵȻȣԵøƵġ
׺û˵ֻ֣ϣƽ̯޳ǰ
޳ᣬæδʾ˵Ķóŵϡ
׺ӹֻҺ˴СĶģָϸһᣬֽ޳
֣ⶫҪǿϣŰɡ޳ЦŽҪ׺ȣΣ֣ܹ׶ⶴġ
׺ȴҡҡͷִ֣һҪ˼ûС
޳Ȼֻýӹ̧ͷ׺ֿҪȥԪ򣿡
׺һֱһ˿ã֪һֱʲôԶض޳һᣬŻͷ
޳ؽҪһ𣿡
׺ƺҪͷͻȻ뵽ʲô飬ҡҡͷȥ
޳ЩʧǵͷˣҾԪˡ⼫ڤǰɽȥĸˡ
š׺һƺ⼫ڤĲ⡣
֮˼䣬޳ڽ׺ﲻһ仰һѾʶõһΡ
޳˽⵽׺ȥһЩ䡣ֻΪȥң׺ԼסһѰһһĪִǣţһǰߡ
֮ȥ˭֪
޳ٴȥ׺ͻȻЩʧ䡣Ԫ鶼˵йֵĸоĸܸϣ޳оһڳİġ
ڴվã޳Ǳһϸ΢ľ񲨶ѵġ
Сǣ
৵һСŤ֫ڿкݺݵ˸
˾ͺáСӣͻˣ޳Сǵľ磬ҲʵһЦ
СŤŤͷ޳ֲ˲䣬һǡ˯˺óһʱˣôò
ɵϡ޳Ӧ˼Цͷ
Сһֻ˳ëè֦޳ֱۡ
Բۣ˭ŵСǵϢ޳һ۾ͿצһСǣֽ
ɳɳС͵ضһ֦֦ҲƵģǵܹȥһȦ
ֻһ˲۾ϴָˣ㣿ģǳ㣿
תͷ޳ǲǸʲôöˣˣҲһڰɣ
ֱ̼طˣֲҲ̫ˣϴβǳһ࣬ھȻֱǳ㣬ٶȣǱ޳Ҫˣ
޳Ц˵Ҳ֪ʲôҪһڡ
Сãؿˣ˵ʲôˣΪ˲䡣
ȥˣֹ֪Ҿͼˣ˵Ҳǳˡ
޳һؽⲻ׻صȥúһٳ
ɲУҪ㡣æҡͷ֮ǰǲ޳һգżͰ͵˳ȻڶԽԽСһܱûкá
޳룬һȥСлǾͷĵȥɡǳ۷壬ͲҪˡ
ЩԥһҧðɣȷʵҪˣȻʱʲôæﲻϡãڸţصȥ
ãڴչ޳׻Ҳ˳ǵļ򣬶˳ȥ
ִŸСëֱȥԪϡڶǿ˼һЩţȻȻ̤ǰԪ·
ϴһһֻǰԪ㣬ңɶǸС˾ȻҲҪһͬȥƵֹ
ҪȥȻǷǵģλ޳ЦŽ
԰ϴӢЦŽȻҪȸڣ˭Ȳ޳
һ˾ͽĴ£޴Ĵȥ
ݾԪ·;ңԶշУҪüܹôֻͨԪмͨҪ͵һһ
һƬ֮У޳뾰̤δ֪;⴦ʱҪȵ࣬˸վԼλϣల¡
ףԪôģɢȥ龰֮ʱ˶΢΢Щȡ
ǵҰУһƬȻơأĿ֮ȫǡɳӣ
ֱˣ˾ͽ֣ԪǰģôЩ꾹Ȼ˴ı仯
˾ͽ߽߱ȷʵǽЩųֵԪΧɳǡҪ汾ж֮ȻҪûˡ
޳Ԫ֪࣬ʱǰġ֮˼ֺ档
ɳط£ͷȫϡϡĻɳзϣʱͱɳˡ
λ֮ʱϣ򶨣ΪǴռȽϱ̫һ˽磬Ͳˡ˾ͽͻȻתͷ޳˽
ӣҪҽ֪𣿡˾ͽ޳뾰ĵ⻹ǿҡ
Сߣ֡˾ͽһͺȣתͷ޳˲˼ЦЦ軵ˣλ֡
޳Ȼƽϣʱעȫǰľˡֻ˾ͽ̧óһ澵ӣע֮󣬶ǰһУһ۵һǰһɳ֡
ֻһɲǣǻɳȻһɴһƿ˾Ȼɳ£


1287 ɳĮ
ɳɳžĿռԵ˵УһƬɳһ·һ㣬¶һ塣
ϣ漴˾ͽæס죬ԼΪʲôʧ̬
˾ͽ಻ص˾һۣߵԼԣ߬ȭͷ͸΢΢Ĳ
˼޳˼ؿǰǸ޴ϡԪԵƣ̺˲ơܹΪԪ½Ĵʵӹɡ
ʹĵģҲԲȶ򡢱ڤСҪһϣľ
λ롣ɳ価˾ͽתͷ˸ƣ˽ȥ
֮ɢӨӨ׹⣬˾ͽеİ׹ͬͬԴһͲһ
ϡ˾ͽС̧һ磬ûһ֮У৵һ¾֮С
޳˼״ȥֻһůڵĹһһ̾һһӶû˽ȥ
ǰһ۵ʱ򣬼˵ж¶𾪡
ۣһԪǾȻĴһɳĮе۳ѹ˾ͽСǲҪ̫ȣȷʵ԰ıǮ
ɳɳĮ۲ֻһƬɫľӵضѣɳĮһɹ緽һ㣬أȥ
һ£һ˽պСǺôֱʣĻɳǹΪ
Ҳ˲˼飬ɳĮֻһ˵ѣû뵽ԪȻĸ
ӣֻǸƷѹҪСġ˸ɫ޳˶˳Ĭ
λԪʮǣǴ˷Ҫȥı˫ǣֻһг̡˾ͽתͷؽԺϣλܹ˾ͽҹˡ˾ͽҾԲλġ
ӿˡ޳ؽ
ߣôԼҵ̣˾ͽҲ̲ˣֱӹ֣ߣ˾ᡣ
Сߣ˾ͽɫҪǳ⼸ȴ˾ͽֱʩչת۾ûӰ
Сӡ˾ͽεҡҡͷ޳˵λԲסСԱԼˣЩ⣬ϣλҪȥ
ǺǣӷģǶȻȥЦŽ˷ǰȥزģϣӶչˡ
һλҷģ˾ͽԴ˲ţǳעءҵԼļֵ˾ͽһؽ
޳һֱŵЦݣ˿ȥ˿ƺЩԻһ㶼Ȥӡλ˾ͽӻл˾ͽҵˣƺѯǿɷԸ˰ɣ
˾ͽҲֻ֮ǰ𾪵Уδ룬˵ط˫ǲԶֱʩչɣ״Ѿˡ
޳ûʩչһ˫ǡ޳磬ǧپѾˣһע⣬ֻӸ˾ͽУʼձһľ롣
ڶʮ֣ڸϵ˫ǳ
ӻˣһһλ̴Ӵӭ
壬һˡأ˾ͽλӺǿʵ
鷿Ⱥӣ˵ȥ
ŶãλǴ˴ʤߣôȥø׼˾ͽ˷ܵؽ
ӡͻȻֹСؽһȥɡ
˾ͽϵЦָͣܿȻЦӣתͷ޳˵˱Բסˣæȴȥݣȸ׿Щڴ
á޳Ӧغˬ죬ŸǴ·ȥ
֮ʱЦЦؽϴôһԪ򲻺ô
ôôҪʲô̬ȥԴͶѣαִš޳ؽ
Ͷѣԣαִţƺִидʱ޳˵䣬ͻȻéٿĸо
λ̽˴ԵһСׯ԰ͣ˵ݱ΢ܽȥǶǰ
ôоūŵĻе˼ȥıӰ˼ؽ
СΪϡ޳Ҳһ̫õԤУ
λһׯ԰֮УռӴ󡣽ȥ֮󣬾˸һͼǵסСݡԼҡ
⻹ʳⲻ˱Թ
ˣѻ˵ˡƻ治ССŵ㣬ѰϢ޳˵һ룬ͻȻѹȥ
صͷҲٴ⡣ʱѾһξ룬ȻɽѹȸС
һɶԶһŲһ֣ݡݡȵȣסӦöʤߡ
Ҳ֪Ԫһжλʤˡ˫ǾͲ°λ
Ԫʮǣÿ궼ȥѡʤߣʮһֻء˫ǵųҲǲ¡֮Ȼƽͣʵӿǳš
Ȩз޳Ϊ˵Ĺߡ޳ﰵ˾ģݲأþȥǡ
ʱȻʱӣüϴûʵһֵζ
޳˵ȻһһСģ
أһŻԭλñը
óȻסӣ˭ġ
δ˵꣬ͱ޳һҩ
ж޳ɿؽͬʱͳһ裬Ŷһ˹ȥ
أһ޴ıըһ޺˳
ʲôôܶˣ
˾ͽ޳뾰һۣЦˡȻǸûӵļһ統㻹СǿɲᵱСƣ˵Ҳ˼ޡ
޳װ֪Ǳһƻ˹ȥ
ſѪڣһ¾ͽԶ˾ͽ˽ȥ½յûҲ
һǳ֮µ߻ľʧȥֿ˾ͽ಻ǳһѣȻмܡ
޳ԶͻȻһƿ죬һǽһŻ˵˾ͽ˳ɿؽǰ
ԭղֻǿθ˶ѡ޳Ц
Ȼɱ˾ӣ𣿡һλʮҵӽ˾ͽڵϣüʵ
޳ޱؿʵ˭ǳӣ𣿻λˣȴ˵Сˣ
㣡ӱһʱϻŲӽλǳ߹˾ͽ࣬ղŸʲôҩѽҩ
ӿڵ˾ͽ๫ǿɼӢòãôܻǰ֮ͽλ̨ĪҪӺǡҪǱУ˿ɾͲˡ
ǣû뵽֮ˣȻβֻ޴ʱ˾ͽ౻һ仰
֪Ҫ֮ʱԶȻһŭȣ˭ֵܣ
һѹ˲䴫৵һγһƬ޳С
غǱˣ
޳΢΢һ˲˲ضǰ˫΢΢£Ѿעġ
ϷҪʼɽһĨ壬ô￪ʼɣ


1288 
Ľһ㣬ܵĿȫƿ޳ֻǰһ⣬һ̱һ貵Ĺ⽣һ³ǰ
磬ɱǿĽ⣡޳һ˿ͣ޵Ҳ޷⣬ȻѾšոճͥſǻҪǿϼ֡
ǿϧֻǰλǵзѡ޳̧һӣѾһţصǱ⽣
أ
ײһƬǿҵĻ𻨣Ȼתֻһ˲䣬ȴʧһжָƽ޳תȻֻ˴һƽ֣
һԵľʶǰһضǰ˽ǿʵԶ֮ϣ
޳ǰһмĵͺȣ৵һ£һӰֱֱسȵͣ޳ǰ
޳Ŀ⵭һɨǰ֮˳úƽӹü͸һɽͷ΢΢ذţĿ
±ţ˾ͽĽֵ֣ܹȥߣҹȥǳէҲΪ㣬¿ĸͷϴҿԷһ·ؽ
ǡ·𣿡޳һЦֱֱؿǰӣҲ˲м˵꣬ž߰ɡ
˵ţȥüëһСһ۱ţɿظȥ
֪֪ʲôطһס޳ǿŭʵ
ߣһǳ㾹ȻҲ߽֪֪ҼϴԽɱǳʱŶΪ͵
ɫһݣҪȴ޳ϵ̨ȹһֵܰɣٲ壬ͷˡ
ɣŷ߷ߵ³֣תֵ̧ס˾ͽļѨߵؽСߣΪ㱨𣬷Ǹ۲ɡ
޳ԣͣϢˣƺӡ
޳һŭ羪ףϿը죬һׯ԰ĺѻ
޳ֻоһĽ⣬ϴڱܵɢһɫĹâǿʱŻеķӦɫ΢ѸٵؽԪض߶
̡ڱָ৵һ⽣ǰһָֻ˵һƱһ㣬৵һ£ת۱㵽޳ǰ
޳Ȼ͵һƴһԪȫע뵽УתֱֱػϹ⽣
䣡ѣܵļɽ̼仯޳ڿնǧһת۱㵽˱ߡֱ̧һƣűŶͷ¡
ǳУ޳ӻ£һϮ°׾ϲˡһۿ֮ˣؽһϣһԺҪǰ
⼫Ŀռһը죬صûÿ˵ࡣЩڰϷˣɫһƻǳ㣬ʵԪ˽ܼеأҲѳ͡
޳ĿתҲ˾ͽϣޱؽǶܾ˾ͽϣҪΪһЩĪеᡣλȥ˾ͽ๫ӳһ£ñȥ¡
˵գת뾰˳ȥ
ô֮ˣȻʱڽƱ˵ûϳң˾ͽưͳԻпԣͷ̶ð˳ģһ˹ȥ
޳ߺ󣬴ӻ԰Ľ߳һӰǿȥķжһ˿ζ
޳ԵǰǸССʵĪⰡĵؽ
е͡ղҲֻ͵ϮɹѣԸִģһСĲ˵֣˭˭ӮҲ˵˻ǲ̫޳
ҿŰɣһ¾͵˱Եʱ򣬵ʱһϼ
ֻ˾ͽ಻ưոݣܿͻнˣǾ͵ŰɡһЦлڴ̫ˣʮһε˼룬ͳڴһ졣
ֿһᣬŷصԼ䡣
޳뾰Ԫȹĵڶҹһҹͣظ·ϸ˵ҹǡҹ
һ̳Ͻѣк޳ȣϴȾơЩͷ۵ˡ
޳תѾƵϣһСˡЦ£߹ȥһڣ̵һ죺ʮһ𣬺þƣ
ʶЦЦָһ룬Ժؽҳʱдģĸôζɡла𣬵Ҿûûĸĺá
˵ȻЩ૵صҲ֪ĸĺòá
޳žһͣһۣգȥɡ
ȴҡҡͷɹĲأҪͻȥĸ϶ὫҴ϶һߴһûõСӣ˵ҪһҵǿͻˣΪ㻹û𣿿Ҳ㣬㻹Ҳһˣ
˵ţȻͷĨ۾Цȿ޻ѿĸ͵͵ҳģ˲ҡ
˿ѾᶨޱȣҶͷأȥĸؽӳְյӣУ
ԣЩյӲУ޳һһһɣһ죬ǻػȥ
½磡ֱӽһ̳һ𶼺˸⣬ϣһûһĽ
ϴ˵Ԫ򵽵Ҫôûô򵥡˸ãһȵʱûоȴǳֻ˰̳Щͷˡ
޳ҲѰ˼⣬ʱԽԼеʶ˳һһʱֵǼֻƣԪǿߡһԶսδ֪ܣпǱͨǵͷ󣬰Ѱʲô
׺˵Ѱңòųԡ
˵ȥҵһ¡ǰ͵͵вʱֹһżһַСֻؿռ䡯˵ܹŲ˵ҵĻ᲻Ȼ
ֻؿռ䣿޳ͷ͵һ૵ؽҺ
ڻ֮УԪⶫչسһҪúʸǸԪүƺкܶ
ϴľ˴룬˰죬Ȼһץס޳ʵϴûз֣Щ˵ƺԽԽ˵ˡ
޳һ㶣ܿ׹ĬһᣬŵͷûܸоǽĳһİŵľСЩһֱһ⣬ҲΪҪҪȥҵĸףһʲôܸоʹûҪȥЩ飬ǻߵⳡС
ֲƿصĸоǳá޳΢΢ȭͷеǷлˡˣԼЩͼˣûк³һؽϴҾﶺһӣȵϤ֮󣬱Ӧȥ
Ҳô롣޳һ£Ҫȥʯĸף뾭ԪĳǵĴܹȥһܹǵ˶ûþ߷չ
ãҡֻҪˣһǷġֻǰҪģǡд֡˾ͽ
޳ɫһ˵ͷѹ䣬ȴݿʼҲЩղǼ飬ֻ»û˽ᡣ
޳Ԥк׼˯ĸ죬־һ̣סġݡӭһ֮͡
һġǣ˻治١޳ɫڴϣĬĬظſеİϢ಻٣һٸ


1289 Ⱥ
ɢߵϢЩ˷ֳ֣һڣ޳ڵķȥһ棬һӡ󣬽һռ䶼
޳תн׵һ̽ͬ˫ۿһ㣬ԵЩһɨȺʵһ͵Ļɷ߽پ磬ߵģѾǳĲ㡣
ֻǶȻ£ϰٸһϣ湻Լһˡ
ϴ󣡡Լķ˹޳û£˿ѹǹȻˡ
ԼСġ޳ؽڵԾһ˳ȥ
޳ʵǿһоͰǳĲı֣˻㣬ǲ紫ǰһλµӴȺ߳޳ؽ
ֻ̬ȿ⻰һ㶼һٸ̽ʵȺ˶ɵӲɣ޳ޱؿһۣʵһϣǵ
Ǻɫһͣٵصñ飬Ц˵ʵ߳ҵ̾磬Ȼǡһˣ
˵͵һУƴ˹Ƕǳһ£ս⹥һӴս৵һչһ糯޳
µľһĻͻȻЦˣڴؿſе޳Ȼͬʱ޳ϱһõĽ⣬һɺƴޱߵսһ±ֱֱ񷡣
ֻһɲǣͬһ㣬財ǿ֮µ޳һҫ۵ǣȽȽܣ۳һƬɫϣһƥеսȻ
޵ս⣬ңһ¾ͽȺߵսɢ޳͵һ϶ʱⱩǣһܱȥֻһ£ͽΧǰ֮˻õɳȥžһµȥ
ˣֻػһ£㶼ûȥ
ʱ˵е޵ս⣡ͻȻһߺҲҪٱˣֵһս
ڳÿһλ֮ţ¸԰ֻǿĶ֮ʱŻἤѪԡ޵սĵ׵Ѫȫ˳һгѸΧ˹
Զļײ¥Уվڴھţ˼Щϸ˼һ£Ȼ֣һע޳ͷϷķ֮С
ֻһɲǣǴȻһҫ۵ĺ⣬¡һȻʵ˼֡һ㶣ϲ񣬸ؽӡ
޳ֻоΧѹʱ̧࣬һǷ÷ѾǵϢ֮Ч
𣿡޳¶һЦֱ̧һģžһ£һ̹ϴܳವһ³߹ȥ
Сǣŭ޳һ߸ߺȣһ߽ȻͬʱС͵ͣڿУʹŤת֫һ̹ɢһ㣬ס
ǳȻͬ졣濴ֱզࡣ
дһһĲҽУЩ߱СǵŭƵûĵ޿ɱܵײ޳ֻһ˲͸Ѫ飬ֱֱص
ͻȻϮˣҿ޳Сǣֿ°ͬ飬ɫ˱䡣
СڿתһȦ֦ɻ޳ߣŤͷֱϲ˲䣬һֺõӡ
޳ͷЦúܺá
Сطһõ͵һһ̹⻩ɢ
Բۣ߲˶ҪҪҪ˻ˣ߿еȺŵǱ̹ⴥģȫ˴ֻһ˲ͱ޳ϣһ˵ȥ
е˼Զսļ˼״϶ֳһĨ˷ܣ͸һ˿ԾԾԣȻ޳˺ܺõĶ֡
޳С˺޼䣬һѾ˶ɨȥֻʣ½ʮ˻ȫôҴ۾޳ɫѾоֳ֡
޳ƳһۣȻ˫һΧ˿硣һ৵һչ޵еƣΧ˶ҪϷ
߶һ˵׹ȥҵõ涼һ
޳͵һȣ৵һ±ը۵һ͸ɫķӡһ˲䣬ɢ޵С
ϵ⻹治١ԶȺսˣеζԽԽŨɢһ˵ƣϢس޳Ǳȥ
޳омϢƽⰵ˰Ȼһɣ
Ļһףׯ԰ɲǼ䣬ȫׯԾǧ֧͸һ㣬ವƿһֱ˺óһᡣ
޳ޱؿǰˣ̾ݵɻ治٣˿̾ͳ˲°ˣδ֮ˣǻ֮һ
۾ɿһɨϵ侲ؿǡС৵һ·ɵߣݺݵضԶȺˡҲϣǶš
޳һһԣֻҪսʤˣݾ㡣һλӴȺ߳ؽ
޳ûзӦЦЦΪ͵ݵĹأˣҪܴҵĿ顣ĶһЩǰˣ㵽Ϊֹ֡
һ֡޳ЦȺ˻òȻʵ㹻ͱղϰ˽ɱˡ
һϰɡһ⡣
ڳˣ·췽ҹ̷һ㡣Ͷ䣬ʵ˵ʲô
Ҽϴһϣؽ
ۣûɣ
СǲǱɵˣԭǸӣ˿޳Ѿһ˿ϧ
޳ıһֱģҲǣأԶС뾰໥ϣСǸͿƣغԱ͵ϮˡĽҡ
áصصͷ˵޳ı󣬼ᶨغáԸ⽫Լĺ󱳽ˣŽΡȻԼشĶǸж
ֳʱù˿ģȺǲţƼʱЦЦ
޳ǲ̫Լˣ𾪹üʵ
޳ƮƮػصһֱܿԼλ̨ضǡ
㣡ǺãΪԸۣ˵ţǰһվȵһ
ң߳һˣؿ޳
Һһ¡˵ʱͬΪǳƺȻ
޳ϱδ䣬֣롣
䣬һصسԷ磬žһײϣһѸٵֱֱҽ˿
ô죿һĨ˷ܣû뵽޳ֻǸֽϻһӾ¶˶̡
һ˲ֳͻȻ񱻽ֹһ㣬˵һױˡ
ôܣȻû£
Ҳ̫췽ҹ̷˰ɣҲǳѣȻһȭһȭͽִˣ
޳ûף˲ʵʵ
޳·ûǵĻֻؽѾһϵĻᣬȻҲգĳֻöԲλˡ
˵ţʩչǧ٣һ۽ˡֻһͻȻڿУβһ˦ֱֱײˡ
ֻһУһжѣ֦ͷҶѣƮƮ׹ȥ
ֳ׾ˣҲҴ⡣
ͬ޵Сҵȫֳ֡͵ȵһϣ
һֻһ˲س޳ΧסݴƵأǲпģǲܷһǿĶֳɳȥ
޳һ˿⣬ƺǴʱľٶЦŽ˲ͺˡ
ϰǰһ磬սȻ
пһ£ŵؿƬæϵ޳ߡ


1290 ȺŹ
ˣһǿĹЩһ̾ȻͨһƬ
û뵽ǾȻôġҧ
޳ΪȻЦЦ뵽ľ֮ҿ֪һͬĿ꣬ǾǳΪǿߣԷвǵģͻΪ˵Ĺ
ϴ󣬲еĻߣжԵһСϰǳսΣĺܣһŪãǳ۷ĸǰҲҪԿ
û¡޳ϱδ䣬Ϸʵؽүغú԰
ѣйЦҪȰ޳䣬;ǰһ޳ѾСǳսš
ս𣬽Эд¡¡죬һƬ˹վһ֮Уһ޴һ㣬ͣһﶼʳ˷ĩ
޳Ͻ貣ѾɣԶħ৵һ³֮С
ϰȫ˷սһȦȦ⣬ֱֱس޳
޳ȫȻһһȫעʶ֮Сֻ׹һʶһðȪˮȪһ㣬۵һ±ֻөһ㣬ˢˢûľ֮С
޳Ļë׷ɿչһ籡
˫Ŀ͵бȣǧӰ
䣡һǿƳס¡
дһն˻δӦͱһɫ赲ס
޳ǹһĨЦٴμ񱬺ȣ
ˣ
ˣ
ô£ǵѹˣֳһܵľ
ҲҪţתޣľ񹥻ǻþҲҪţ˸
޳һһٵʵ𣿡
˵ţ̧ͷٵն˶٣µһºݺǰһȥ
ž
žžž
һȰƵ˷üžҹնʱ̫ѣ̽һĨ
⣿⣿ǷӰ
ô࣡
ֱɵˣΧסԼġ޳ֻоһĺ⡣Ѿǵ֪ΧǴûǱ𾪹Ĺɢ
޳˸ɫСǣ߻⣬ǶȥһħʵʼƴŤ֫
ͬʱ޳˫ֿʼɿؽӡһĲƮͷһСͼ
ǧӰҲһӡׯ԰ϿһӱýһƬ֮УһСͼȻɡ
޳͵ؽ˫һȻ৵עͼС
䣡һ޴ĺƬͻȻͼͻȻ볯޳ȥ৵һһƬһ޴Ӱ¡¡
ǰɣ
ҵҲܶģ̫ˣ
䣡ͻȻӿ˽ٶȣ·㵹£žһѹ䡣
ֳһƬһ󰧺ǧ޳˫ӡ᲻ϣڶӡܿɣͣڵһ֮ϡ
𣿡ҹУȼ֮Ҫ䡣
Щĸߣ߷ߵҧ䡣
޳̧һУڶӡص¡Ϣģȴһɾ޴ѹ͸¡
Щԭ򶨵ûҲеܲס޴۵һ³һѪ
ǿ˻ڵóӶҪˡ޳ʱֳתнȫǰӡֻתȴȫ޷ֿһ㣬·һӾֻܱѹơ
ҷһ˱ѹ̲֮ס
һ˴ͷҲ߷ЧǲȴƲסҪϷ֪ƣȴ޷ֿ
˭޳ע뼸֣ʵ
ۡм˱ѹ壬ҪӳȴСβһ˦ֱƬ
жһǼҲֲסƣǷ
ϣǼסԼյĻ޳̧һգӡʱһɢڿУǧӰ৵һµɻϤûڡ
СŤһ֫һ⣬ವز޳ϣȥ
ܶһ£޳춼ҪˣȥϢһ°ɡȺˣҡ
޳ͷһʧԭءֻûлصУǳԶնȥ
һߣֳԭصղƱһ㣬һ顣ǱˣЦеؽҹҶˡȻȥϢɣӭʱд衣
⻰һʱм۵³һѪ߷ߵؽĨĨת뿪˴˵ءˣȴдءվر˸ȭת뿪
һһǼУѾԺҪΡ
һĲ߻ƣȻ˾ȵĽֽ˴۾ͬʱҲеһΣС
ַǷ֮ʱԶĳĳһҲǵƻͨ˾ͽһֱվڴڣݷޱ飬֪Щʲô
Ѿнˡ޳Ӯˡһλ߽鷿
˾ͽ쵭ؽΣ
һ˶ʮˣˡȫЩΪѵؽ
˾ͽһüͷʵǾȻһжûס
ǵģ޳˵Ѿͬ޵СΧ֮ʱʩչǧӰܿ⣬һǳֲó裬ʵС
˾ͽȴͻȻĬã˺һ૵һ޳ʧϷ˶ϣǸʱܹ
ֻ̧һ£ȥ֪ͨĹӣһаռƻС
ǡ¡
ܰ˾ͽԶգкһšû뵽ӭΪǱİ֣ϣΪãȻͱɱ֮ˣ
ڶ磬˾ݡ֮ʱѾɨٻĽѾ޸һ㶼򶷵ĺۼ
ҲɫȻѹûʲô顣ȴЩ˼ǵֻҪһˣͶЦ쳣ơ
Цݣ˵ãӡ̰˺޲ɱڣ
޳֮ʱǳ֣һȺΧм䣬üɫؽ
һȺ˼һӶվرţнض
޳üͷ΢΢һ¶һЦǼ
ԼȥһȻϴɣʵֻԼ֪ѵ˺̶ֳȡþһϢ֮һֱǰ΢ڿ顣
ѾϤҲûǰţֻ˵ղŽˣ
ƿռ䣡ص
ŶҸ˵ʱƿɲһտԸģǿռ籩ҪγɣռɶҪˡʱȫڣϴ󡭡
޳Ѿ뷿䣬ŵ˵Ҫػ֮ǰȺˣСǲǾġ
㲻֪һ𣿷ôõԴãֲɵ֪ʱѾ˽
޳̽һ£ʵˣ
£Լ˱ˮߺȱ߽Ŀڸǻ˸ˡĿ⣬Żʮλ˳ǡ
ˣ˫ǵˡ޳ӵؽ
ȻЦһ˫ʲô
޳ֱһĵͷϣˣ񣡡
Цڵʵ˫ǣǻǱַŰ
ȴΪȻ޳ģļϴͣճҪټǣʱɵúúñ֣ȡǵƳ״죡


1291 ߻ħ
˫ľ¥˫һңǸӽֽ֮ء޳뾰֮ʱûǰľϹۡ
ҲǼһЩˣ̻еĬĬԼ۾Լˡ
ƽʯװΣ¥һ㣬ԶԶȥȽȽ̫ҫޱȡ
δ߽һ޵ѹӶ˲ܣҲԲС
û뵽˾Ȼ¥ΪһͼǺôֱʣ̾ϡ棬Ҫ뽨һֲ˲Ǿ൱˲ˡ
޳΢ǶֱʵĴ߲һ˿ͼɵ
ߣӾӡôҼҴִ˫¥ŵˣǣҪ뿪ͳ磬õʱۣԶһ졣
޳뾰üͷԼͬλµĴʵЩ
뷴༥֮ǰ޳Ķ̣ŭȫȥ
˾ͽڣʱ˾ǰмؽǰֻ̽ѣȷʵе͡ǶЩûõļһֻҪҴΪұ𣬵ʱҿô
˿ͻȻЦûЩûõļһվŵ֪ȷʵϴˣ߹Ӵϳ˱ˡʵڣ޷ϰ
㣡˾ͽõðɣҧҪ
޳ǰһ˫һɱ¾ȻһɱһεĿһ㣬ļӳ£һ³˾ͽʶ
˾ͽһ˫ȲԾˣ·˳
޳ؿһۣ뾰ȥ
˫һҲӴҲǱ߷װεظûʡڶøϡ䱦װΣЩòȴɱĵ
޳һ¥ǽϹһɽˮԶԶȥͨһ㣬һȴüޱȵİŲɫ
ϴ︻ͰսСֹ
޳ʧЦ֪Сڴʲôע⣬Ծһ£̧¥ȥ
ķǸѡ˼ǣֻǴƽƽ˿ͣ
طͦŵġЦ
ϯ¥ֺŰᣬ˽ȥ֮ʱѾ߰ˡǽվͷ⡣
˾ͽ߹˵޳뾰ˣҸǽһ£λĵ˾ͽ
Ĺӡ޳뾰˱ȭ⡣ȴ˾ͽֻǵص˵ͷתԱ֮˼̸
˾ͽЩ˼ؽĵϲ˽̸֮㲻ˡ
ĬĬ˵һ軵ĵܵܣ˾ͽҵĽʵ˵ǡ
ȥ˾ͽֽ޳ģһЩ˾ͽҵˣλ˴㡣
ûã洫һŲ˾ͽ˾ͽһλܼҺ˾ͽ໺̤룬ˣ̧̧֣ˬʵؽˡϷˣϯɡ
λϣ޳֣޳Ӣ۳꣬Ϸжţ˴μһҪ̸һϷ
л޳һֱŵЦݣԵǰȥȥֱߡ
˾ͽ콫һһһ飬ЦŽ뽫ҽйһۣγżλ˵ҺúóһؾнҹҲ飡
˵žƱ˵ȸһ
ɣ쵱ĺж걭оƣһǼλʶ˾ͽģȾһۡ
޳뾰֮ǰ۹ۣˣôžôţؾһƣֻǾš
һε˲űܹõλ˫֮ҡϷλ
޳˾ٱվ𡣾޳ҪȾ֮ʱԱߵľȻһоƱžһ䵽ϣˤƬ
޳תȴɫЩ԰ףӡ
˾ͽ״Ц˵ﲻģλ̨ܲסǿĽƣ˰ɣ
ʵֻɷŽ٣벽ǳǡ˾ͽ⻰һǺݺݵһơܹͨǿ޳ЯЩǳǿ߶ܣһɷŽȴȵһЩ˲
޳ȥ˾ͽ߹ӲҪӴ⣬ֵܣʵĺܣĻս
㣡˾ͽʱ࣬ԼǰϳԵĿߵ޵ݣܻؾҪ
Сߣ񣡡˾ͽʱֹⳡ־磬תͷеؿžǷﲻʣҸϺõҽߣơ
лް޳жȸһЩ֮󣬾ɫѾࡣ
Ŀⲻɫתкһû´ĻղܵĹǸСΪ
Ҷ°ɣС¶ѡ˾ͽ˰ڰֶ֣ԼǸһˬĶӵСߣ£
޳λϣһ˾ͽָ࣬һһϢƮ˳ȥ
ֻһ˾ͽȻӵˤȥֱֻסͷƴҪҲҪҪɱң
ͬʱһɧζܳһͳ䡣ͻȻı˶һ˾ͽɿ߹ȥϵ˾ͽࣺСߣôˣ
Ҳˣɵӣûãûã˾ͽȻƿ
ôһ£˾ͽؽ˶һ顣
˾ͽæ˾ͽ׽ϸһ鿴৵ذˣʹؽС߻ħˣ
ʲô˾ͽθû׷ʣֻһ˦˾ͽת뿪
һúõĽӷ粻ɢ޳뾰ֱʩչ뿪صС
ϴʲôʱֽţһصݣȲʵ
޳Щأ˼ؽҵıֻ󣬲δҪϵ
ʲôϾһţǰǰһ飬ЦŽ˾ͽе˼û´ĻӴ˾ͽ֮˱˾ͽ㣬Ǿǡ
޳ͷԭֻնȥһɽû뵽˱˵ĵʯ
֮ǰ˫һ¥ſʱɱ¾ռ˾ͽʶȵһͻݿơͬʱɱʶٹ̣ӴԺҲûԡû뵽˾Ȼݡ
ǵ飬Ǿٲ롣ֻҪСЩˣɡ޳ؽ
ûãһźΪ֮µǸһ飺һ֮󣬱һεıʢᣬǰʮɽ԰
ϴطһҪȥһһ⡰԰֣Ʋס˷ܡ
޳ͶĿ⣬Ϊ͵԰ʵһСǧ磬Сǧ粻ͬԶ־ʹУҪײ˹ʺ˵õһŴС
޳ǼӣؽȻǾȽԼΪһ°ɣȻдпҲ޷ա
һ仰оѨüؽҲ밡ҵΪѾͣͲǰˣ˸ǣ˵ҴΪͽˡ
޳ƮƮؿһۣ˻˵ķϲġ
һһ˿ʣϣؿ޳
޳Ȼ¶һЦݣþش˸¡鲻ԽһͰ͵ؽϴҿԿһ𣿡
޳ЦЦʵ˵أ


1292 
ϴ㣡
Ҫˣ㣬㣡
һɽһǺɤӶˣΧħȫƵߡ
޳ؽеĳ˵
Ҫְ˼֣ؿ޳˫Ŀ⣬žһעԼľ֮С
˭ңΪʲôô̬壬δţ̫̬ˣ
㻹޳ؽĳҪҪ
ǳ˳飬Ҫ˵ȴǰһĻӶ
ֻ޳ı֮ϣһɫĲʺ৵һ¼ü֮䣬ɢһɱ˵ơֻһۣͷԼͷҪըˡ
ҪӣɥϴĲˣһ¡ιҪ
һƬûϵƤ۵һ¾ͻѪ˲䱻ȫͷڽ֮У죬·һɢܡ
һúˣʹð޲ֱȥ
޳עڣСĵؿţɢܡĿҪǿ࣬Ҳ֮ǰ˳ǿҪȷֲҪڵûһضչ˵һַǳĿ顣
޳ϸػйļءΪǷ֮䣬һн⡣
Ҫ־绹Ϊʱ磬ͥһƣǴ˿̱ࡣ
ꡭͷ˷һע뾰ڣÿһֳϸ֣һĹ֮С
ЩͷƱһ㣬ʱһ޳ϱʵڽ֮Уһһ㡣
޳ֳһע뾰ʶ֮Уס꣬ܵдǿɾĵòʧˡ
ƺѾϰָǿȵ壬ƽʼŽ޳÷ӵ˼¡
޳жͣСӵǳǿһͨеĶ֮󶨻ʵķԾ
СĵעһˢĹĵУסľһ̣޳ͻȻЩԥȥ
ҵù࣬ϢЩȣһһвǺͲ롣޳˼Ѱ˼Žİ취
ղַ˼һ飬кȻһۿһ۽еľһȽʹ࣬һҪס
֪ҧҪԲκˣԼ
޳صͷֳһעԼʶУŴеİ׹⣬৵һ˽ȥ
ֻһ˲䣬һɲãĸо̱ʶ
޳ֻоʶдһֿãĸоһƽڽչ
һָоϷŪһͻưת֮ʱйܸо
赲ƣһ̣Ƶĸоĸз·һҪ
˿׼͵س뵤һƵıӵﴫγһɾֱֱسʶ֮С
ৣ糤һ㣬޳ͷһ𣬴һɰƣȻƽΧεؿס
𣡡޳͵һȣ֮У۳һֱֱسǡ
תнףת۷壡ת
һ£̻һ㱬ը£Բһ֮ڶСľͻȻһƺߣϵĹͶ뱬һ㣬ž
޳˫һѸ£Ϥžȥһů̺ӽĺӰסУϵǱֹ˱ɢ
޳һǿųõĻķһ̹⣬˳û뾰ڡ
Ϣµϣ޳֮ȵû뾰ڣͿһ㣬һϴˢֱĹͷ֮ϣ³⣬۳Ƥ
Լˣ޳أƽؽ񣬽Լͻơ
ľ̫죬ѾǸܶԵȣ׵߻ħ
޳һֱԼ֢˿̳ᣬýһ
ѽŵԼԺָעŴ֮УϸϸţѾɹͻƵĵطϸϸζһ顣
ͻƣ޵ս⣬оһֻء·һ˵ĳɳӵأǿ׳оԼľһǿĵ׵ĸҲһࡣ
ꡭ
޳ͷĬĬһʣſգһ˿˿ĸ֮Ҳ֮͹ԳȥȥԴȥнӡ
˼붼ſգı㲻ʡ
֪˶ãΧûһ·ʱⶼֹͣ޳۾Ŀƽ
һᵽĸϸһоڵĸ֮ѾȫҲõȹ̡
Ա߿һ۾Ǽһﻹ붨ɫϹۣ״̬ĵٴξٴȥţרһֱûĽ
ԪУóý֮ǰǱѾ˽ǿߡȲҪһ޷֮
׹ӨӨһ˿ɫл޳ɿĽȡϸһؼ
⡣
޷Ϊû뵽޷֮Ȼһ㣬ѵ޷ݱ
޳Ǻġ⡱ϸʶ֮Угһδӡǡ
͵ϸߣ޷֮󣬾Ȼ
޳ϸһ飬ǰ벿޷벻࣬벿ǹڽĵá
һٶҲࡣ
޳ղŵһһ㼤޷Ϊ֮ľΨһ֣һ֡ģ⡣
һɫĹ⽣֣ǹ⽣һֻԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼΧס
޳͵һȣ⽣˶УһɰĽȻವһע뵽⽣֮С
޷֮룬֮޳͵ۣһȣ⣬
䣡ǧ⽣¡޼᲻ݣ৵һ¾ͽɽը˷顣
糱ˮһ㣬৵ɽ̼֡䣬ɽֱΪƽأɽеħޱͷܣֵ˼㡣
ڽⱬ֮ʱһӴϢȻ糤һֱֱûʡһ˲Ȼɫһֱ۴ִĺ׹¡
һֱֱ򾰺
СӾȻһͻƵǳ磡޳дЦ⣬Ծǳ͡ɼС֮ǰѹƵжңѣһˣ
΢΢£Ľĳߣܿ׵üӿ
͵ڿգֱֱϷȥӥգȻ׵硣һ׵ϣػѩ
˫һһһһ±һѹɽ֡ɲǼ䣬³һƬ磬Ұ˻һЩ߽ħ޷ɳδӽͱ޳һƸ˻ȥ
ֱһʱ׵ŽЪֹȴƳһ㣬ǾֻǵͷһزӰе


1293 ʾ
أͿ̿ĬĬؿŵðź̵ɽ֣г˶ݵͣͣ˺һᣬƵʵ˭ôݣɽˣ
Բʮһж˻ҽֻħ޵ʬڵϣĴۡն죬ܹչ⣡
ġºȻһдһ˿Ц⡣
һ飬æȥһС±߿Ų֪ʲô޳һವһ·˹ȥ
ϴڡȡħˣÿ޳һֻյĿȫǵħȡһöħˣ۾৵һٺЦҿкöħ޵ʬ壬Ҫǽħ˶ڳ϶ܴ׬һʡ
ţд⡣ȥǱһռ޳˵һ룬ּһ䣺Ȱ״̬һ£սף绹ȣԼŵ㡣
šϰεصͷͻȻ˴һƵģɵˡһɨؿ޳ŵʵҡͻƵǳˣ
ϴͻˣһ㣬ڽڵϣƴתȦһس
޳üͷһ壬һ³ѨȫסǰĳؽҪΪһʱĵʧʧȥľ費ܹߵóáڵĽԺ·š
˵꣬ߣתȥæԼġ޳ıӰһ亹գղžͲΪζ߻ħ
ѹֹô˶⡰ʧֲβ͸˵̰ͣʧԼٲ룬æµϢ
޳Ѿ뾳磬˿Լħˡ
µķգټ뽣ĺɱһƬɽħ޻һ⣬ʱģ׸
޳ʰһСħʱ㽫ȹվص˿
ϴҸоڳǳȻͬ졣ȲҪףҪﵽĲΣؽ
޳һۣҪ꣬·Ҫһߡ
֣صصͷ֪
ȥ˽ĿⶼЩħϣھʮֻһʵ̫˺ֱӽкըħ޵ȫ飬ֻȭͷСħˣǬС
εƬһѹ֪͸ȥԶݵһԺһƿƬ򿴹
֣иӦһֵĲһλӿ򴰿߹ӵ
ҲоˣǱⲨġֵĸоⲨŲǿ޷ӣʲôɢģһλ˼ؽ
ǷǷ֣һۣ󻪹һʧԭء
ѾճɽķУ޳뾰æͷ󺹡һʱռǬħˡ
СӣңչõԪȻһЩ̵ģˣ㽫Щħ˶ӽ
һ䣬û졣޳״ʱ䶼ûУֻôŵ㵣ǣħϤԪ֮С
ĶԼеǴݹӦûռһŪǸûȥˣҲ֪ȥˣ֪ǱԿʼû
޳Ȼ̧ͷԶգüͷ΢΢һ壬СˣȽ
һ㶣ɿصͷ䵽棬ȶڳһӡ޳Ҳһڽڵϣһ㣬һ
֣쿴ⷽ־Ȼչˣ˭ôĵӣ̫ˣһ۽ɫ৵һ¾ͳ
㿴ˣӺȻָ޳ڵķ˵žҪȥ
һסصؽ˵رճӣ˵ղǹɲ˴ǻСĵΪϡ
˵Ķԡף㿴ǲǸ޵Сӣ
ǡһ˷ЩӶ޳ĴûԳ֮˱ʧˡⶼһˣǱԵӣһΪˣ
˵ţһǿϵ޳˹ȥ⽣һ㣬৵˰գڽڵһƬӰ
޳ֻоһǿѹϮһѰʹĴס
֪ҧ۽Ѿ޴ѹѪֱ
޳£Լ۵˺ôһѪؾҪȥ
ϴ󣡡нغţʱʵʵѹƵѹܶ
߿еĿ˼״ʧջ֡
ΪʲôͣԭҲˡҿǰ죬ǳֲæ
û˲η壬߰ɡ˲мؿһ۵ϵˣת뿪
ߺûã޳شӵվĨ˰ǵѪؿݷѾ˿ûиղŵǱ
Ҳվεʵϴһ̶̣ã
޳Ц̵ʵʱ򡣡
ʱ̫֮ǰѾѹʱһζ߸ͽ»ֲڵΧˡ
շգĵؽ
ʣħɾݡ˻Ϣñȷ绹죬һвʮ˳ǵԺ
֣á
԰ǳʲô£һ¶û˯һغþ
ʺ򣬾һֱ΢ЦţؽҸϴȥչһӶѣôûʲôɣ
Ǹ˵Ҳ޷֪˭ڰԣֵܰ˺ü
һüʵûʲôǺ˸ɵģ
ҪԸǵĵ࣬˵ÿһж
ҲûСԿ϶һ㣬Щ֮˿϶֮СģŲȴڱˣҪ֪ҲҪͬھԽ˵Խߡ
԰꣬ǷģֵǵĳϴһǱǵˣ˭۸Ƿİɣߵؽһ֣ڰ֮Ӧá
޳ڷǽظһƻһжԤϵһݡ˾ͽԪΣķһֻεƿһСУ޷ô¸ҵؿսɣ
߳ʮλĹ˳ֵܣǸңҵˡ޳ˣû˿۸ܵίҶΪʮٱֻ
˾ţ޳ɷҪ£Ҫ졣һҪѧ̡һαԣҲҪмܹѡҪһʱ죬ߵøԶ
ĳĬֳ֮ͻȻһǿҵս⡣޳̧ʾ԰꣬ؽһǵĳޣȥԡǵһж
˲Ҵ±ȥȫصصͷһоڲС
ϴ󣬻˵á˻ȥ֮󣬾Եؽ
޳Цļ򣬵ѾĺܺáûǰŬ˵ٶ඼Ȼ׼һı԰ɡˣëӦÿ쵽ˣǱѾ˻ͣ˽Ӧһ¡
Цã֪СһŹ뾡ǡ
޳ЦǰҲ֪гû
һ֮޳ȫͨ԰볡ȯȻһŻǱ￪ʼ


1294 ӿ
ԪΧɳĮСרŵļһ鷽Բı䳡Χ˷ơ
䳡ı棬רһ̨ίۿ
޳뾰ò磬Ҳǽõȫһڸ̨Ϊ߰ŵλϣصȴʼ
˵һǵĴ˪衢ƷȵȣÿһǶоʵ֪᲻мʶʶ˵еﾳһλ߿Ÿ̨ڴؽ
˰ɣԺҪڱУⲻССֶѡЩǵУĸûһԶСǧģѹϡ档ɸһ˹̽̽Ҳˡʲôﾳ൱լˣ
ǿɲһϴڣʹˡ
޳ЩȥˣæǶͣ㣬Լ顣Ƶ˾һֻۣǼһرۣҲ֪׶˹ʲô
ϴ㿴Ǳߣиһֱڿ㡣˺Ȼͱͱ޳ĸ첲ؽ
޳˳ָķȥͷͻһ¡Щεվ𣬿ѾԼɱŮˡ
޳Ȼûʧ˵Ĳֻ۾Цģ˷ܵؽ
޳ЦŽлСǹң޳˷ܹ˳ҲǰСչˡ
ȴǽüͷһ壬Щ˵ؽô㣬磬ʲô飿Ҳ𣿡
ӣһЦݣεЦˣô᲻ˡС
תע˵ؽרŴǾǱԵġ֮ǰûúùۿһһҪúÿ
Ȼȭͷüһݺݵӵǿɱҵ֪𣿺ݺݵǣ
ֽеǿɲˣҪǵˣǿԿһ¡
㣡͸ƻһ㡣ŭص˾һۣ֪ѿࡣߣҪ۸ңһ
һˣܲһŮﵽԼͷȥ¾Ҫǰۣȴ޳еĴʵǳ㡣
ǿȥĲĬĬ˻ޡȻһŮ˶ϣУŬȻԺһŮͷϣǻʲô棡
ŭԵӣáن¼䣬ȴŵǰίؽС㣬˵˶ӣѾкˣȱ𣿡
죬Ҳûԡ̧ͷ޳˵ǿһҪŶӮ˱лȥĳǡ޳㡣
˵գɿתǰȥ
޳һ̣ӷ·˺ݺһ˵졣ڸղţȻϿ϶Ӱӡ
ʱǸŮӣҲ˵ĻһֱΣһֱҪ͡
ϴ󣿡һתͷͼ޳Сػһ
޳һ𣬻ع񻺻ҡͷû¡Ҫʼˣɡ
ûą̃ϼλѾ롣˾ͽ֣ŵ˽˼俪ףʽʼϣλӢܹúñ㵽ֹԺΪ󡣡
䣬һ̨ʼ򣺡αΪ֣ǳǩ֣һֹѡ֡ڿʼѡ̨ǩ
˴αһһʮ˲μӡⲢݵȫʵһֱӽѡһֵ̭мٵһֽ֣԰ĻѹмһˣʵѾɲ⡣
޳ˣ˱٣ûչֹʵʵ֮С鵽ߺţһλ鵽ߺŵһλʵֻǳһߡһԼĶ޳ǳɴ࣬Ͷ
˺ϵĺüˣͬ״սܣʰ·硣
Ľʺ޵ؽϴҶˣȴг
޳бһۣרıܽǰʮͲøһˡ
ˣƵؽⲻ԰ֵ߲ܵİɣ
޳ȻЦ£ЦЦؿ㻹뱻Ѱ˼һµ巽
һǾʵսȽ˼֮ǰ£Ҳһأƨƨߵˡ
ʱ䳡ϣѾûȣ˳֡Щʤߣ̨߰׼һ
ھһνһֺ̨ϳһɫһŵĨͣû
ˣСôͻȻȥˣ޳ߣظѹ
Щͷ޳ƽؿű䳡һǰλֶսܣһֱų̂ᡣղĳžȥģֻû뵽Ȼôûˡ
ôʱѡ񣬲Ȼһ治ܡƵؽȻʱδڶڣҲһЩ˿̨ѡʵ̨սġ
ǱߣѾ˶֣һλʹ˫çǳһ㾳硣
˻Աź󣬱˵һֽ˸һսϣŶԷֱֱس˹ȥ
µսײϣһؿɳ𶯵ĿУͣס৵һ¼Լ
˫ç˫һ»һ˸ߣɢ͹âһǹֻһƷѡ
˫ĵâ৵ײϳǹһܵ˼ǹݲȵĹơ
çһ͵һȣһ۵ע˫֮Сֻһɲǣ˫Ϲâǡ˫͵һϣԭΪƵ˫һѣһһɫâȻݺݿ¡
һ˵ֻǳȲ㣬̫ˡ޳ص
ǰУܡϧؽܹɱɱ硣
ȻçĹƽƣ̬֮һֱࡣУڶоѾȫѹơ
ǰĶ֣ǺȻ¶һЦݣɭؽɣ
˫çһͣؾҪȥŸն;屻ʲôסһ㣬á
һЦֻ˲һȫҵӦþҲŶԡ
çɫ󺧣δ꣬ͱһ޴ܵУصһ廯һѪ
һź÷ϵĻ৵һ³Ѫ֮ϣͼͽѪȼյظɸɾһʣ
𡣡޳͵͵ؽ
Ա߶ʱһƬ˵˽Լ۾࣬ãʵղʲôôȫûĶûѰ
԰˵ôģʵҲ˶٣ǾȻּͽ˵궼ˣ
ű䳡гǿĬĬȭͷüʵÿ졣ղȫа취Ʒȴɱ֣Ȼ
޳ȴһ顣֮ǰĵǳˣԯĺ󳾣ʱʵѾɲ⡣ԯǳ㣬֪ﵽʲô߶ȡ
ֵעһ¡ƵߣҪͻǲĶ֡޳˼Ǿô͡
ͷ֪Ǽһ̫ˣִ򷨣ֻܰװֻҪϡ
޳޷ʱ˴һѾиƻγɣԪȱ֣ʱ򡪡
Ǹµʱ򣬵ڶֿʼǰ˲Ÿϣͼһλӳڱ䳡ϣֱֱ޳ָ


1295 Ժ
޳еһս߰սһվڶ˵ĵһ㣬Ӹµؿ޳
޳һ䣬ʼڣȷʵŵعˡһ¾һ˱䳡ϡ
¿Ŀԣͽ̣ӱȭ
޳޳ԵؽվŶԷȳ֡˵Ϣӡȥֲ鿴һˡ
޳СˣУĿ˵ţ˫ֺȻצſкݺһץʱֻ޴צӰڿСצӰڰ͵ſ޳Ϯ
޳ü΢΢һֿ̧ٻһ£Ԫؼٵڻ۵ģצӰ͵һ˦
һһ޴ķڳ޳ǰסצӰĽһ
Ŀ¶һ벻Цݣ˫צȻݺһաͬһʱֻ̣޴צӰҲͬƣ৵һ½ס
ʵʵķڱצӰѵ֧飬Ҫѵ֢״޳Ҳ̧һȥ
õӳֵķͻȻâһ𣬽צӰӲǳſһЩ
Ŀɫһ͵ش߶עУָצצӰ¡̼䣬צӰֺ࣬Ҳǰǿһ£СһȦ
޳һ΢΢ӣһ˦Ԫٴγ৵һע֮С
˷һʱ֮侹Ȼ£˭κ˭
Ա߿̨ϣ˺ȻֵؽϴôЩһ
ﲻһˣ˵˵žһƸǵͷϣҪƱ磬һۡ
ˡŶŶҲ˵ĸ̨ϣöҪˣֹţСôˣ԰֮ǰ˵
ԱߵһλṫӼ״æ͵˶ǳ㾳磬ʵ£ʱƴ˫һʱֲʤҲġ
һۣƵؽ˵ѹ˼
˵꣬ٹԱˣżؿ䳡λṫӱµ΢΢壬εҡҡͷ
ʱı䳡ϣ޳˸ռһһʱԽԷ¡
ĿЩżҪһֱôƴȥ˶þͻľüһ룬޳ɺţವһ¾ͽצӰ˻˿һض޳
޳״Ҳڳȥޱض
˷ʱˣֱӶİɣĿ˵ͬʱವһɿǳױ
ɲǼ䣬ΧγһƬξֹһȴڼת
޳ѧӣҲƷſವһ£ͬΪǳչһεѹ৵ӿһ£ȻҪѹƿĿļơ
޳æգݲȵǰһ
ĿԾڸղһɲǣȻоԼϷһѹֻһ˲ʧˡ˦˦ͷøղǿ϶Ǵ
Ҳǰһ޳״кβ⣬ϣܹ
޳ν̧̧ͷʾ⡣
Ŀ˫һҲٱرɲǼ䣬һɺ嫵Ӷȥγһһҵϡ
ת۷ȻЩֵýıǮ޳ĬĬ룬ҪݻطѾ㹻ưһ΢һǿȣ£עʶ֮Сֳһƣʩչȥ
Ŀɫһԭлֵûг֣޳ȻϽһһɶϵ޳ǰ컹תнףû뵽̶̼վת۷ˣȷʵǸ˲šֻ
ûнֻĸ֣עҪɱĸôһвڡ
Ŀ˫һһϤע볤֮У޳ݺȥԪ𣡡
䣡һ৵һܵϣһһ㳯޳ȥ
޳в֪ʱҲһѽǵ⽣͵ضȥһ
¡¡޴ײôضܻɳ裬˽Ϸ衣ԶԶȥ׵Ĳ⣬һᶯĻɫɴһ㡣
ֵסˣĿЩˡֻԼ֪Լղŵжǿ˾ųɵǾȻһת۷徳绹ȹ̵ָסˣ
Žǰѹȥȴ޳Ҳѹһɲǣǿײϣһҫ۵Ļ𻨡
Ŀһ£ȴŬ޳Ǳ߶Եƽ⣬ѹ޷
޳ʵĿԺȻü
޳ǵģأԼúףֻǿֿҪˣһСı޳˱ˡ
˵͵طһһ㣬ѸٳſĿԹȥ
㣡Ŀɫһû뵽޳Ȼ͹˹ҲٺҲ²⣬ȫĹ
ʮɵ˳ȫע볤֮Сֻǳһע룬ԽԽԽԽȣȻҪڻһ㡣
һƬ֮Уγһ⽣һɾڶһ³񷡣
ǿԶۿȫס˺ǿһֱгߵĵλԽԽѣĿԴʱڴҵУԱһǳĸֻҪ£
ڹ⽣µ޳һֱģ˭Ҳ֪ʱʲôֻҲǧɷĿͬƣעǧɷ֮С
ʱǧɷһһɺ˲佫޳С
ĿԼ״ٵ飬ҪΪǿŹ⽣޳ݺ£ǸղУԪ𣡡
أǿҵİ׹⣬৵һƬ䳡һһǿƣһ㣬৵һײϿռĽƣһƬ𶯡
Ƭռ£̶ĺһ㣬סص
ϴ󲻻°ɣ˳޳һЩȫŵزˡ
ʱҲЩţ޳ǳģҲҪšҪô״ܣͲǵϴˣ
ۣ䳡м䣬ͻȻһֵ˲Ŀ£һźɫڵĺˮһ㣬һƬ׹У۵ð
ۡԽðԽ࣬ԽԽŨƬ䳡֣ѹѹһƬûһС
ʲôĿʤϲûûһ£ͳֱʣ·ŭҪϸ߿գҪ鿴һ¡
ŸշɳӣͷԼĽźʲôŲסˣͨһͱȥ
жͱһȭͷϣһ˹ȥ
޳ջȭͷ³֣鷳
ʼǧɷĺ
ֻ䳡еĺԽԽ٣ԽԽϡ£һģȵɫʾ޳ֳʱ򣬹ٴξˡ
޳תͷֲܿԶŵĿĿԣ߹ȥϸ鿴һ£εؽιȥˡ
ϴӮˣ
ղŷʲôˣֲף޳ѾӮⳡ
޳˵ЦЦңҡһʧԭء
ûס۵һ¾Ц˳ѾԼԱߵˣСҲ̫ˡ
޳޹ؽԭһᣬСӲô֪ƴɴһȭʡ¡
ˡĬĬؽͷתһߡٴԼǶ֡
ʱԶȻһƿ죬һݵһ³ϣĿԴȫص䳡룬޳һָ޳һս
޳ȥȴڼ֮ʱƤͻһʧ׺


1296 һȭ
׺޳۾һ˲˲ضǰˣͰЦԼˡֻ׺Щ񣬸ղһۣΪ׺ϸ֮£ȫͬ
޳һսֺһ䡣
ⲻҪƣսɣؽɻʮλʤţҪһϣǻ
޳ޱվʩչವһʧԭء
ֻһĨɫһͼ޳ѾȵվӶ档
أһɱϢðԶԶȥ׺мѹָղ޳ϴ
ܡ
޳
ԱţоͻȻһͨޣ޳žһ˦˹
޳ֻоһʵ͸оԼֽŶʧȥж˿ιס
Զһǰޣһת
˫Ŀ䣬Ǻݺһ飬ʱǧϸܵĹð޳Ѹٲȥ
ޣɸ֡ЩϸܵĹһȦȦס޳ܲ͸硣ԶԶȥͺһ޴ĲӼסҪ˻ķɶꡣ
תȻе˼޳ڹ֮Уһ䣬ƴŤһ¡
ܼ״˦һ޺ۣϸܵĹ߳Ź븲£ֲúࡣͬʱӵģǿֲѹ
޳ֻоԼҪˣǾ޴ѹÿһϸѹ޷ĬĬؽע뵤ﵱУ߶
ڼѵһжһ㡣ѹԽԽѾѹѪ
ڣ߶һƬŴһ˲ͱ޴ѹѹ
޳ҧٴδ߶һȥ
ܼ޳ɻϢӿٶȣһºݺݵس鶯ӡһһصѹ¡벢δ׳󣬷ž޴ѹԽԽС
е޳Ѫ߷Ľ⣬ʱԽԽԽԽǿ
̽һ飬޳Ȼǿҧʮɵ৵ע޵УŹݺݵسȥ
ž޴ı̢ùڵĶһôԶоһǿѹ
ֵܣϴе
ȭͷҲǽŲѣǳŴҵŰɣϷҪˣ
žһ̢ѾñӾ룬һȦȦѹعס룬һһ㡣
޳ֻһϣһͱѹƬ
˷ܵؿŹ͸ѪǺݺһ飬ȷ޳Ҳ޷֮ʱŽա
ĶһѪƮɢһ㣬ܵȥ
ԶľĬĬ³һ֣
ֻѪͻȻԶƮȥ৵һƴһɫһҪٱ׷ȥȴֻܺ޺޵ؿǰӡ
壿ԶһŲšز࣬û뵽Ȼ־
޳չһ壬о֮ǰǿ˼̧֡ͷеıӣԵؿıӣãлˣ
һѪҪ³߷ߵض޳Ű޵Ϊ̫ͣ
޳״ʵֻ𣿡
δʤȻҪ򣡡һԼ侲ؾӣ׼޳һΣ㲻ôˡ
ղԼ⡣޳ʵʵټ٣׽͸սУ̬޳һ˦
İ׹һ㣬޳һޣʮɵĹֻһ˲ͽܵĿ˺ѡ
޳˫һУɿ̧֣ļһɫĳ৵һ¾ϰ׹⡣
˻˻˻̼ͱ̴ֻһ˲Щ©ͱס޳һһ׹⾡û
ɫһݣؿ޳ʵѵ֮ǰأ
̽һ£ȫڱϣݺݵسǰ˦ȥ
һ˻һһɶߵİ׹৵һ³޳ȥ;Ŀ⼫ٶȣĦһƬҫ۵Ļ𻨡
Żİ׹⣬һͷŭСڵһ͵޳ǰȥ
޳䣬ǧһʧԭءǰ׹žһ»ڵϣҳһʮĴӡ
ֱܼԼ۾Ǹ쵰Ȼˣ
⡪ԱߵΧߣһʱ֪Уֻؿš¶ڱ䳡ܡ
ֻһ˲кȻһͺȣһӰһܷɿ˹ȥ
͵һæ̧ӽзȻֹ޳ٶȣӲŸһ𣬶Ծʹһ
ֻءһ죬ܵӷɿصˣصڵϡ
޳ֳЩ޹ؿ˿Լȭͷڵܵû뵽ָһǶлˡ
ۣⱲӴûô˹һȭҵ˵ﰵȡЦԭͱҵâһ£һ˹ȥ
Ӯˣ
ǰɣôÿӮöôɣʹز˲۾۵Ĳš
ˣǲ֣Ȼ֪еաؽ
ЩһҲ˵ϾӸղܵİ޷ȷʵǳǿֻ˭û뵽޳Ȼһȭͽˣ
޳ĬĬǰߵߣһעڣ󾲾վһߣѹ
һͼԱվŵ޳ˣ㶼Ӯˣ
޳ЦЦû˵ͻȻеɫӸ˳е˵ࡣЦ޻ҲûֵǮĶɡ
˵תǰȥ֣սƷ
ۣܳĻôսƷֿںŭģһѪһ˹ȥ
ϴ󣡡޳վؿ
޳ֽӵݸ˾ȥֵ塣
⻰һһȺү͵ض˶Լٶ뾰ɫӵĿˡ
űӣת¶һ޺ЦݣϿҵؽǰɣ
˰ޱԹʹΪǸӡЩѰᣬȥܿһ١ʲôãøֱޣ
м̨ҲȥһһıԱ㵽˽β޳һˣֻ޳뾰˽̭˱Ķδȫƴ
һͼͰ͵˹û䣬ͱǿüĿȰˡһߣ޳뾰˿ѾͷſɰޱȣɰƤһǻ
뿪䳡֮ʱӸ̨һˣĿ֮ء
ĿѾѹںзһһ֪ҲѣˣŻԴ񣺡١
úܶһɫۣɫЩضˡ
٣ʱҲ֪ô£޳ʵǿͻȻһӾͽǴˡǣҲơСؽ
ԣ֮ǰ̽ҴӸղŵıУҲʵǺܸߡĿԵ
Ϊǻᱻܣٱʵ
ܸо޳йŹ֣˵ǳֲæҲ˵Խ˵Խô£ȫ޳ʵʵǸǿ
ޱؽɨһ飬ǲѡü룬ѾСãɳһǿĶ֡Ǽߵúܽ˱س
˶٣ɭؽգԻ


1297 ľ
ڶգɳĮеı䳡ӭ̭޳˵ʱƼ϶ס
ݻЩͷָ޳ϴλɫ·Ľз棬ȻֻǳףΪһǳĵۺʵǿ˴ֱӽ˾
޳ȥһλ͸һ˿üһָ㡣
λһλǰѾʮ꣬ΪԪ˵֮ǰΪͣ˶ʮ꣬ǰӲͻȻơߵñȽϽֻû뵽˴Ҳ
޳üͷһԪ࿴ۡ粻ͻͻƣƫƫʱͻƣò˲õ롣
ȺлͻȻͣһŻɫ۵ϡеģվɣ͸һ˵ơ
ݵǾ޳Ŀ⣬˾ͽĹ˾ͽ
޳صǼ
˾ͽ磬Ǿͼֻʱ˾ͽ˶оһָ߸ϵĿ˿ȴоһɱȻߡ
ЦĹӵԱ֢βˣ㿴
֣С㡣˿ɲ׵˾ͽص֮һΪ˺ЩֶΡС
νЦЦǿĿԺǲߵúܽ
ԡǶ˴ӽݺ󣬾һֱ١ƽʱΪ˻͵δʲô顣
ߣҪһֱ͵ȥźáֻϧվ̲סԶ˾ͽָؽ
޳һۣҲڵߣ϶̨ԼСĵ㡣
صصͷѾ׼򲻹
С˵ƤǱȳǽ
ʱԶڸ̨ϵ˾ͽȻ޳߿˫бһǿҵɱ⡣޳ֻһۣתԱȥ
˾ͽ˫ݵһ±ض޳ıӰ
ʱԱʽʼһΣɲѡķʽжСڣػȣÿһǺս֮ˡ̨ߴδϹһսܣһ˽ϡ
սνңܹߵһߣ˵ϧһЩˣδص¼඼ǵ㵽ֹ
һּսһӷǰվڱ̨мؿˡͻȻһݵĳĬһƬһʱ˸ȥӦս
ûǾȥɡվವһ±˱䳡ϡ
ͽ̣
棡
˵ͬʱ͵һǳ׵ƺȻ¡¡죬һػɳ
Ҳ֮ɳУεȻչֵסŰĻɳ
˷ɿسԷȥûɳҷɣƬնȾ˻ɫֻءһ죬һεչһʮߵĴ
뾰˫˫ڿգ裬ޱؿŶԷͻȻǣЦЦؿžǳһ֮Ӳ㣬ǸֵһսĶ֡
ָܲ߸Ʋ˵̬ޱؿֻ̧֣һֳһСɵķ
һɲã֮ӶлƮһּٶӡ֮·һӱʱҪֹͣһ㡣
Զս޳˫΢΢УаЦСӻͦװµģⷽɲ򵥡
׵һ˵һ˲˲ضžеǸòĶ
ϵĵЩƷһʼѱȻеĻףչĿռ䲢࣬ܽףҲҪķѼѪⷽһԶףֻҪһ̶ȣͻԼԪؽ
췽Ǵ˵л׵췽Ľغ
췽ǺǣѹϴŵЦݣҲ֣İ׹һһӰһðԼٶȰθߣ˲ͳһ˶ߡ
ǾǷ̵ЩԷЩ˽߶¶һ˿⣬ȻɢİϢɵѡ
֣ˣ͵ؾžȥৡһ£һĺɫ绯һܳڿһٻĿռŤ
ռŤռŤİ֮ǰռĿҪ⻹Ҫֲһٱ˫һУеķ͵һףմȵ췽ԲΨҶ췽
¡¡һƵƬռ֮УƺƵһԶŴһ㣬һɲã֮Ȼ
췽¡¡𶯣̼ͳʮɸߣһ룬˵һصڵϡɲǼ䣬ܵĿռ֮Ʊһ㣬Ъֹͣһжֹͬͣˡ
氵һϳһ˿ءҿռķÿռ֮ɱС췽ȴԿ˿ռ䡣ѸٵŶԲߣһɷսؼ䡣
ʱͻȻǱߴһȶϢߵ֢״һϲž¶һȻЦݣʵãǿп֣ⷴɵζǲܰɣ
ŴؽȷʵܣŰ㣬㹻ˣ
ɫһݣͻȻڹ৵һ£Ϥû֮Сһ˲ͻȻرǣ̼ͳñ췽Ҫߴࡣ
ҽһסӣ˫ǰһ֡ʮɫɵ৵һ·ɳڿп衣
أΧĿռ֮һţԶһֻ񱻿ɨŤ֮Уžһ¾ͱƬǱɢѪܷɽؾѪ
ޱ̧һĨ˫ֻ췽ϡһŰбһڻ췽֮С
͵һȣ췽
һͻȻ۵̫һ㣬৵һ½췽СһƬ֮У췽𶯣ϱ췽ĸǣǲã֮ԽԽŨƬռ䡣
ã֮£ʱպƱһ㡣֮ǰһǺɫԽԽԽԽݵһ£ȻޡͬʱռŤ类Ѩһ㣬Ťţȴֹͣ˼ŰĶ
д󺧣žȰ㻹ǳ֣ʵǿпֻɼķɣ
ؿüûһ˿ꡣ;һ˼ǣǸͻǳû֮ǰ޳Ĵ֮ⷴҪǿҧƴһƴûʲôܣ
һҪֹͣĴ㶼ûУҲ񣬽ȫעУסݺݵ뾰
ˣ췽͵һ£ವһµת޴Ķžһ³ȥ
һæ߶һ˲ͲҰһƬȻоĴڣ
գ³һ֣췽ǵУСһ˰ƴ󣬷ɻġ
һĨ壬ڶԷУֻҧҧžĵ췽ˡ
Ȼ֪˼̧ͷ죬װ֪սƷˣȴȻӵ޳İд

ֻһ㶣ųӸ档
ӹ뿪˱䳡ֻŸһߣһӰವһ³̨ϣسž
һͽƱ˲佫Ƭ䳡С
ǳ㣡
ʱоԼĶѣʶ̧ͷȥ͵һû뵽汻ϴ˵ˣ˾ͽ̲ס֡
亹৵һ¾ð˳ſĸ磬ⲻǷַӱŰ


1298 һ߻ħ
ԼҪߵͷŶ滺ڳʽ˾ͽжһ˿иšиģ׷ԲԵĸ
ʲôͻȻԳһǱһѣͲɿƵس˳ȥ
ϴ󣡡ӦæͷȥǡÿԭվŵĵطһĨɫ
ϴһСģжѣ޳ԭھϳΪԼȻǰˡֻĬĬΪ͡
޳˾ͽ޳ǺȻ䣬ؿš
޳һֵۣܣû˿۸һսˡ
ǺǣǺ¡֪ЩֻͣվǺ¡ǰĲҰܾһѵ˾ͽ䲻ȵؽ
޳üëһ˼Цѡû뵽⣿
Ȼɫһ࣬һؽ˾ͽδ̫ˣ޳ƾ汾·ˣһҶҰ֡ģҵֲǵıԣ
ӵĻһʱΧһƬˡ
Ƿ˰ɣǳԿǳ㣬ȻԲѵ˵ò𣿡
ߣ˾ͽ̫Ҫˡϴ粻˵ȻҰ֣СǱϴĻó裬ƾʲôܲս
Զ˾ͽɫ䣬ֻؽȻˣּǵԼĳŵΪ˹ƽһѹһ㾳磬Ҳó衣
޳صͷá
˾ͽͻȻɫһȵУ
ʱһ޴һ㣬৵ط䡣ȴڽӽ޳֮ʱ৵һ±ѳ͵ΧһȦ޳Χס
ǵصĽ⣬һӿ޳ֻоһʹƱǧѵһ㡣
ǿĽ⣡οº֣ȻƾΪҪʤѡ޳ԴļһҪưͿˡ
ұ죬Ҽϴ󡭡
ס죡žһ½Сü˭˵͸ҹ䳡
ȫؿǰѾΧܲ͸޳ҲһЩš޳Ҳ˽⣬Ųݵϴô¶һЦĬĬţϴɱôʧݺݵŰ
ߵɣ޳ǱȴǧУʹд߶ɢĽڣһѹ뼡֮С
ĺʵϵͬ⽥󻺻ʧǧʱ˵ëëһ㡣
˾ͽͲָһоܽ޳Ʒйâһ৵һעǽ֮С
һ˲䣬ǽһ±һɽһ㣬ವһ´߿գ޳ǿѹ¡
޳оһǿѹϸһ㣬৵سڡЩϸһͻƴľдȥ
һ˾ͽһ˿塣СӵĽѾ޷ţҪǿࡣ
һ翪բĺˮһ㣬৵һûھֻһ˲ЩͱɢʧӰ١
ڸ֪Ž˾ͽһ͵̧ͷ޳һ˿̽ѰղһУ֮߳ǰõ鱨޳ʱӦм֮Ŷԡ
һ˿أ̧֣һ𣬱һ貵⡣޳ҪǿһЩˣұ㲻ˡѹһ㣬ܻܲ
˵ţ͵һŹವһ£˺üһ貵ɫһĨһ㣬৵һ³ڿС
ʥ˾ͽȻмѣȻôҪһ͸˾ͽ
õԶŽʥĴˡΣˡ
ǵۣɫҲ৵سԶŽʥĪǴ˵еһλ˴ˡ족޵֣ܲɣѻһλ˵зǳ˾ηţ
ǧλȻ޳ɾΣˡ
죡Զ˾ͽһȣʱ˾еϣ˾ͽеĹ⽣һһ㣬ѾᴩأԪŽӿ룬ǽ죡
Ѹ͵ذһ㣬عγſռڵһϸĻɳ꣬׳˳ֱʧڿС
ڱɵĸɸɾĿУ޳ڷƮ·裬һʧһ㡣ΧһɫԽԽǿʧ䡢ʧܡɥʧָУͻȻһͷ
˾ͽֳһĨ̵Ц⣬ԴԴϵעʥУͬʱĬдʣһιϵﻺƮ
ﲻΧ޳һĨ˼ĬĬЩϵһַƮʶ
ˣʶУ৵һƬ
ţ޳һϲæ̽룬ǰֳɫĴ֡ա
ټ٣ʵʵձСſңԿա֪ңʧ֮ӦáޣΨƽҲ
޳𶯲ѣȫѹιﾹȻһͥоǰȻŷ֮ǰĵʧĲȫʱִ󳹴ĸо
ϲԼ費ʧղſƽġȻԼľǳĺһ㣬৵չޱ޼ʣӿȡ
䣡һ޴ʶǵɫһسںϡϸоԼͻȻڿնȻһС㣬ȴ͵سǳȥ
Ծһ㣬͵һԾҧƴϵȥ
ڣ̤ǳ硣ȵ̤ʵأҰһӿŴ߶ֻ৵һˮһ㣬৵س緢ȥһ˲ѣѽ֮¶ס
޳пãһƬƽؽϲáʽʵת磬֮ǰͻƵת׸ȹ
ϲǣû뵽ת֮һ硣ﶯоԼصף
˾ͽڰԵ⣬족Ѿ׼ϣŹƻҪȴ͵طӺȻסˡʥȻâˣȴֵط֣ԼȻ
޳͵˫ۣ⡣Ž֮Ȼɢ
˾ͽδüӦͼǰȻһĨɫһѹ৵һ³Լʶ롣
͵һҪԪסȴһιϵ
˫۲Ҫɳŵʵҵûбƣ㡭ʵ
ʾ䣬ǿ϶䡣ʱףѾΪ֮ӡ棬Ҫǳ
޳ЦؽûõģҲɱ㣬İɡ
ҪʲôҲܶˣ˾ͽֵؽ۾ϴ۰бһѪ˿һ۾ѪһƬ
޳һವעʶУĽ͵ֻ֮߱Խ㿹еĽǲҵǿ£ѹԣĲԩ
˾ͽغһ̣ȻסԼͷЦҲˣҲ˰ɱ޳ҲðҵߵܣҲˣӦã
ʥವһɢ޳ƱУ͵طȥڵϣ۵³һѪ
ǰ˾ͽһ㣬ϵرܣ߶ԼĴ
֪˭һ߻ħˣ
ֳһμž㳹ױ˾ͽ৵һ¾ͳ˱䳡ϣԼһɫڵһ㣬س޳߹


1299 ͷһ
޳⵽ô£˾ͽðŻǣŭʵ
޳Ѿ̧ͷֱ۾Եؽһʳôһ£ΪĹӻϵĻħ䣬޳٣ʱǡ
ûн꣬ȴֳһƬ𺳡ȴ˸˵ڳÿжһʡħԪ½Ǳֹģеļ嶼֪˾ͽҲ᲻֪˾ͽΪģ˼ˡ
Ȼ˾ͽɫһתͷ޺޵ؿһԼӡ
ҲúߵܣˣӦã˾ͽȻܹؽ
˾ͽͷһǰüʵģ˵ʲô
ҲúߵܣˣӦã˾ͽһֱظôһ䣬˫ΪʶˣѪᣬϣЦֿɶ
˾ͽ׺̧һƾҪȥջͣڰУһ˵Ϸ̲ܽϣ˾ͽý䣬кֵܣȥ˼˼꣡
޳˵⣬˾ͽ첻᲻֪ĶӶ˽䣬ֻǰ˾ͽһ£ŭֻѣ⴦Ҳ˵ã
ҲҪȥ˼ãҲҪ˾ͽȻһ㳯Զնȥ
˾ͽɫһݣȵס
ֳһ˾һ롣˾ͽûеһʱȥתͷӵؿ޳һۡ
޳ע⵽Ŀ⣬תͷȥͻȻЦЦ
˾ͽһѸٵȥɫ޳ص˵ͷɿ뿪˱䳡
ֻʣԼֵܣ߹ȥЦؿ޳ϴ̫ˣ˾ͽ߻ħһûղ˾ͽɫֱڵöľ̿ˣ
޳ؿһۣɻѡ
Ҳף˾ͽ˾ͽΪΪҪǡֵʵ
Ǻǣ˳ˮѡ޳صؽ
Ҳûм׷ʣЦŵߣȥǲ£˾ͽ˿ȥ
޳һۣţЦСӣڳҶĻ׳˰
üһôߵ̣Ȼһ뵽ˡֵǣߣۿȥ
յݵĶǽͷϣſһȺߡһƨɣſ棬еһ̳ƣһֻǱһ߿һ߳ԡ
ǵģ˾ͽ߻ħ󣬹ô½ôࡣһƶûܽǳһ
԰ǳѣһ͹˾ͽһӵˡؽ֮ǰݣЩ壬ܳһ벽ǳҪڸˡȻаۡ
޳ҲһֻƱǴӾǱһһߺһ߿Ÿ˾ͽļɹ
û˾ͽͦ͵ģⶼѾǷӴ˲°ˡ
һȺˣһ߿һ̸ۣ͸ڿϷһ㡣Դʱ˾ͽֵòɿҲûȥעǡ
˾ͽ˵˾ͽ֡˾ͽһ·ɱ˺Ժһᣬ˾ͽͱɱūͼҶʮˣҲ̶áмλһƷҲˡ
һλǳһ㡣û뵽˾ͽʵǳһ㾳硣
꣬ע⣬ˡ޳Ȼ˸Ķɫ
˼˵ֻǶЩ֣ѹûоκϢ
ֻһ˲ͻȻȵزʧһСؽپȻˣ
˾ͽģЩӶߵһ˾ͽмѾ֪һʱɫޱȣæ֣Щ
һӰ⼱ͻȻڳԺֻǰһͼ˾ͽͻȻڿն𣬳ǵӰ˹ȥ
ͻȻֵ˾ͽһֻ֣һס˾ͽĲӣ͵Աһ˦ͺһûõļһ
˾ͽߺûһڵ϶˼£û
ôţĬĬʿˮ۾˾ͽģȴ޳˵ϴȣ˭
޳Ҳڹ۲λ˵еѧţؽʵ˵
޳ô˵ǰ֮ȷʵǳ˵ˡȻ𾴣ֵ뿪Ƿ֮ء
δ˾ͽͻȻ̧ͷ߿⵭ģȴ͸һֻǱĿɨ͵ɪһ¡
˾ͽĵĿֱֱ޳һۣһ˲ͳ޳˹
˵һӽ·׹һ㣬һܶ޳˫һУ̧ƿٵһӣȻʯһ㣬һغž˷ɿǰȥ
޳˾ͽͣǽԣޱؿ޳
ֵܣ˵ࡣ޳΢΢һ䣬Ȼ̧Լ
һ̹৵һ´һǰС֨ѽһʹ˶һӾͱ˺ü㡣ವһ·˻Դ˲޳֡
ԣôûˣȥ޳Цţ۽˾ͽġ
Сǵ۾ǳµֱӣתͷض˾ͽĿ˿֫һһ֦žһ³˹ȥ
˾ͽɫһݣҪˡһ˲䣬ȻоԼĶһ£ûӿе
Ķʱ˳һ˿ȻֲȻ鱨˵ܿˡæסԼһξ롣ٿٵʱĿѾˡ
СǶĿǳϤ̰Ѫȡڿʱ򣬶¶ı顣˵ѾˣԺʹ
͵һ֫һ´׳ࡣֽ֫һ졣Щ֦붶һӴϢȻ
Ȼһǳֲӻ̫ˣԶս˿۾ֵˣĽǾη
һ̣һӴƺ䱬һ羪ըһǳƣ㽫춼䴩
ǳ㣿û뵽پȻ㣡һ󾪺ʼΪһѺ
޳Ԥһɫ䣬ֻСǣŭһǣһܡ
ʱǲڱԣǻУ˾ͽĻڸĿŵضɱ֡
Сǵ˵ͷ֫ʼƴŤһ㡣֫Ť֦ɫƮһ㣬һµسһᵹһߡͬʱһ̹⻺Ʈһ˾ͽġ
ģ˾ͽͺˡȻԼʵһ磬תó࣬һһٵġ
СǼ״ŤظӻҾ޴βѾֱʱ׼Ҫһ
ȻˣͱҺˣ˾ͽһ˿ŭ৵һ£ע뵤֮Сֻһ£һವһ³
һɫɢ⡣һ֣γһ޴ΧСһӾ͸оܶˡ
޳ͻһҪлСǡɫٶȱ죬Ѿವһ¾ͳСǹ˹ȥ
ǧһ֮ʣһ޴ĹӴžһĵ˾ͽͷϡֻüһƺߣֱֱȥ


1300 ԰
Сɣë򣿡޳һ£ǿƲסشЦǹЦûԼĿˮǺ
ĺ԰УǸ޴İСâһֻһ߶೤СĹӡ
ӵһ˱һֻཱུСצţ˳Сצȥ¶һԲС򣬲ë˭
ë棬һë׵ԴСɡ
޳ʧЦƹ黹һ㶼û䡣£ִ࣬ǲ
Сë޳۾֨֨űܹСɵٶȷǳ죬ܴģһʹ˸ǽë޳ǰһȴģ
޳Цǵͷ˾ͺãһ·ˡ
ѽѽѽëƵؾ˾еİӣһֺģСԼϣָ庢Ƶġ
ȤСһϴôЩϡŹֵضС㣬еĽΡ
֨˾ȻҽԼëʱԼܵʧŰӾҪ
Сɼ״ˡ
̫ȤˣŶӹЦ̲ס޳ҪˡлᣬҲһҪֻ
ߵϲЦտͬʱȴһƬơѶ˾ͽ죬ԼİӾȻһƹˣòѪ޳˵ѾƲסɭ
鷳ˡĬĬӣ޳С
޳νʼ磬飬ߣȥ׼ȥ԰顣
˵תǵȥϣСʵϴ㲻ͷʧط񣬽ǰиˣ
޳ЦȣҪɱûôףһɱĵԽԽĴ㡣Ҫôһ죬˿ͬھ
˶٣Σ˾ͽҪǻüֵʱǰȫġ԰֮УֻҪܹų㲻ĿŵضǶ֡
˵һվں԰е˾ͽʹ˽˾ͽͻطϢߵҪȴòŭȫ¡ܼңصȥ׼һ£տ԰˴αʤߵȥ
޳ܼЩΪѵʵ޳ٺͶ٣Ƿͨ˾ͽ棿
ͨϷҪܹ߶ԶϣҪϷʧܹ뵽ĳǣ˾ͽϵıԲڿˡ
ܼĬĬĨ˰亹һ㶼֪Լӵ˼ˣͷȥ
˾ͽ͸԰ڵݣεð޳ܷΣ󣬲Ϊ¶ѣϣһ죡
Զе޳ͻȻоЩĪתͷȴⲢһˡ
ϴû
š޳عͷһⲻʱ˳ǵˣǿٳɳṩҩȥǵصȥҲ쵼ǱĹǸɳǣϾҪһˣ
˷ܣصͷãףϴӢ쵼ҪǿôļƷҩƵüιȥ
ҩںʱεأǷǳġ޳ѣһһǬһǬó˭ȣ
޳ȴЩźؽææǣûպúЩǰ˽Ҳпգ¯Ʒҩ
ͣ°ͲûѾʡ˰죬źһ䣺ҪҪ˻ˣ
ԼҲǼģкöҲ١ô༫Ʒҩ۷ﶼǻᱻ˾޵Ķȴ޳УˡҲ˱ˡǰɽ϶໥пһϡ
޳ЦؿɵˣԪ½绹ĺܣʲô鶼пܷǵþ׼
񣬰ڳһףϴ̻塣ǾˣǸ뿪
޳ЦЦɼɿ˳ȥݺ£һ¡⣬ǰȥӦѾ׼ãǳȥúϡ
һ࣬Щʵϴ׼һˣ
޳ЦЦؿûнֻüȴŵǳһ˵ףֻδѣǰ׼ѡ
ȥı磬Բصޣ
ڶգμӽ԰Ŀ԰ʽһΣһʮܹ԰ȥ޳ˣԪܡĿԣȶڴСȻ޳ձΣȻںѡ֮С
ǣ˾ͽľȻҲҪܽ롣ԭ˾ͽģѾ߻ħɸձչس˾ͽĽ档
̫Ҫˣǳ֮ϵʵˣȻҪȥ԰ֹ԰ȻƵȽףһʵ߳߶ѡ롣
޳˾ͽһִۣ˳Ǹһ澡ʧɴʱȻһ㶼ûֳʱ糣
ˣǴ΢һЩεѡУģֱǳһн׵ĳǿͯ誡
ϣܹ໥ΰĴУ˾ͽ˵ܽᣬԶշȥ
޳ʩչϡһ̣˱һɳĮ֮ϣɳɳ׷ɡ
÷ָţŲڱһɳˡ
˾ͽͳһƴԿףעſһ٣ʱһ֣ವһС
̼䣬гһƬ¡·һԶŴűһһ£һոµĿռǰ
˾ͽ˵԰עⰲȫճ
лл৵һû԰С˾ͽ쿴԰Ŀռ绺պϣޱʹܼң鶼ź𣿡
ӣѰ׵жͷİɡ
˾ͽͷת뿪˴˵ءʱ԰Уһ
ݣʹԼ۾Щţθûɣʲô
ԱߵͯҲһ棬ګګؽǲǴطˣôǺӴݣ
ô˵ֻǰһĻʵЩ˼
ֻǰŵһһ˶ߵݣһһƬռ䡣Щݣ£ɫĹ⻪Ǳŵһ㡣
֮УһݺύɽҲ֪ɽγɵģͺƴӵһ㣬׷ؽ֯һ𡣿ϸһֻᷢЩɽƺӣѭĳֲ֪Ĺɡ
޳һ̽ʱࡣдװĶǴУ
һɿתͷ޳˶ӶԷпһĨءԼٶǰȥ
룡Ա߼˲֪˭ͺһ⼸ͻȻȫǰȥмֱֱ׷޳ȥ
޳žɿؽȥԱߣߡ
ֻŸ˵꣬վĵطˣĿЦЦؿƽ
޳ؿǣʵôǻҶ𣿡
ߣϴңΪŮһֱ𣿡Ц
Ŀԣһ৵һ½޳ΧסԱߵЩһĶЩϣȻһӲ
޳ЦԶΪ˶ࣿ


1301 ռɽͷ
Ϊ˶𣿡޳дһ˿ƵһۣȻһ䣬촽
ã
ʶԾɻδüжͷϿͻȻͰһ޴İӴžһͷϡ
ֱӱõڵϣͷһŭҪͷס壬ʱǱĳˣ
޳֪һ㣬ؽӦëδȫô𣿡
ɫףȥƴȴǰ̹һһ׳֦ݺݵس˹
٣ֿߣĿϣԱȥ
СЩĪذڰ֫Щãؿſܣ֪ΪһԼҪܡ
޳ЦŶ˵Сȥﾰ
Сͷ֫ŤŤƺЩ̫⡣ͷյ޳ߣֺƵز˲䣬ƺ˵ҲҪȥ
Ѿ˷ܵվԱߵɽϺСǣߣߣ
ʹɰֲˣǼһճ޳һ㶼ںòиᣬһҪú顣һ콫Сƭȥһȥսա
ƻغܺãСȴһ㶼⡣ֻͻȻڶ֫žһ¾ϵë򣬳žǱ˹ȥ
֨֨Сýغ䣬һë˹ȥ
ëԲڿлһʱ䣬úܺ档ͻȻСżŵֻСצӣصһٻӡֻԭϸСİڵһ³ɶ೤һͷݺݵز嵽µɽϡ
޴ĳֱ㶵ص˻ȥͨһ³СɵĻС
С֨֨˼תͷСǷ߷ߵ죬Ҫ޳ͳȥˡ
ɳɯСƵŤŤ֦ͷ޳߲˲䡣Сëۡ
޳Цؿǣ˵ˣ֡СȥǱߣСëȥֱߵɽϡסغˣ̰档
ֻǳòԹɫ޳ûпЦж
ЦеؿųԼɹСǣЦݻûȫɢͱһɫ֦òſڵϡ
Բۣǳ㣬ҰᣬѾƽĿɰģԭװģ
޳ѾվԼλϣܿ£תߵһɽϡһǳֳ֮ƣܴһƬռ䶼Ȧ档
Զ˼ǵľٶһֱûڵ˾ͽؽ޳δ̫Եˡ
޳ؿһۣЦ˾ͽ٣ҲҲ㡣
㣡˾ͽðһŭǺ룬ɸղһмһطͱ޳ǰԲˣʱҪռķݶֻܽߣ
޳˶ȫͬȵĻᣬռҲǸ¡óǽƬռ·һ£ҳǩ鵽˭˭ͻȻڽ
һڣ˵ĸͣû·䡣
ޣ˭涨ƽȵģղŲǷӦ죬ʱռм䣬ǻóǩ˵ҲӣֺСӵĻ˵ó벻Ҫǵ̺𣿡ػ
ǲҪ̫Ҳ׷׳ԣ֮һ仰޳Ǳ뽫طó
ƬռȻݷǳӯǾȷֲǷ֣ƺڳ޳վطӿȥǱװ²ŲƮԱߡ
ɵӶóǿطȻõģ
޳ϱһֱģЩؿǣӦҲԣͺû˵һ
Ҳֻȴôħ衣ԴҶƽ
һ佫ҵϴ仰ͽ˰Ĵϡ޳᲻֪Ĵ㣬ֻǲϻûת۲ܵ
˼̬ȣࡣ˾ͽǿŭ⣬޳ݹǳԶˣ
ðһϰɡҼϴס㣬ëСɱǳ֮µĶ֡ģСһβ㹻ҪµĻؽ˵ͬʱѾ췽ٻֱֱضϴǳһͯˡ
˽ԶɫһݡݺݵصһۣмؽǲҪΪܵǡ
֪ʵɲ⡣ˣսռһΣһΡҪΪֻڽ޳һ߲鿴ܵݣһؽ
ǵ˶Уȴ羪һ㡣ĿԣôǰȻʵ
޳ûнǾмؿһۣЦЦؽӦϴ飬Ȼʱѹû
Ū٣ʲôӢۺúǰ޳ʱΣ޵ݿ졣
޳ؿһۣǳʱ÷ǳֶζѣҪˡ
͵£ʾ˶Ⱥ֮֮졣ﻹɶȹô졣
㡪˾ͽһ˿죬һ˿޳ĿȫڿЦ˵Ǹʵ
޳һĻɹŻסˡ˷߷ߵصǼֻۣ㣬Ӳ
޳ʹ˸ɫĵ㣬ֳһӰԭȵλӡߵмλӡ
ʱվط״Щ֡ԵȽϹ⻬Χһ״Ļȡ̽һ飬ɽЩࡣ
ȻȻ棬ȻɵĶǷʡм䣬̧һݣ΢΢һһݿ
ݼӲޱȣֻһ¾ͷǿҵײ޳΢΢ۣ
ৣ˾ȵǣһݣ֮һ㣬৵һ¾ͳ˽ȥ
һϲæԼסڿն৵һû뵽ݵС
ֻһ˲ͳ֮ڣһƬʣڻӭһ㡣˼״Ҳ׷׷ЧһᣬʮֻݣСëСڣȫڹϵĴеС
Գһ磬΢΢紵޳ֻо紵طǳ̲סſϵëס
һ˲һůڣůڵģҪڻһ㡣ͻȻоԼѪҺԾӿٶȡͬʱʶгһƬʣŵĹͻȻ
޳һϲæŹȥǹһһȻ৵һ£һǿ⣬һźӰ
޴塪޵壡
޳һһ̣ವһ£žһƮɢ
ԺиһδУ޵УΪߣɳɡ
ԭΪѾǵһǣû뵽澹Ȼиǿġ޵ǣܡ
޳һȫע뵽ʶУСһΣŬǴжκּʾ
ôһ䣿޳ͷʵ̫Źˣղһ䣬ֻһܣһ㹦ûУ
ô룬ںȻһ춯ԭǹůȻѪҺڿͬʱЩݣȻܵĳٻȻֱֱӿ
žһͻȻ飬뵽޳ڵ֮Сһů৵û뵽޳ڡ
޳͵һ͹Щδ̫ЩҪĳ²Ź֣
޳֮ǲͷĵˣ


1302 Ⱥ֮
԰УһӱԭޱȵǣȻ궯ֱֱس޳ӿȥΧģԶģʹȥҲΧߡ
˳ԼݵУÿ϶Ųһı顣еʹ࣬е˷ܣһжؿҪһı飬˭û߷顣
ʱҪʹı޳ȻŰɻĸоǽһеһ޵ǣʹܣһҪס
¡¡޳ڣƱһļĴһ㣬¡¡죬ƺƴ󡣲ûһᣬͺҪſ
оԼ屻һſǣֱһ̶ȵǿȣÿҪſʱַŻһЩڱ塣
ʹţȥֱֻҲԸоڱһ죬ɫԾһѹ塣ǹܹǳˢȻһؿ
¡¡ģЩݳһֲַ㣬ÿһݶἷѡԵģʹǱҲ·ע롣
޳оԼԽԽȣģðҪȼһ㡣ͬʱëУƵģһϸСĺɫҺ塣ЩҺǳŨճҺһ㣬һð
Ŷ޳оԼڵڱϴĳˢ£Ρ
ֹһʱ䣬Щݳһζݵͣ٣һӱðࡣ޳ڵͻȻͲһܵڴϢһ
ͬʱļ⿪ʼָԭŵľƤҲʼ
̶ֳֻȣ޳Щʧĳ̶ȣûʱǿҡ
ͷŸһȻһ޴ĺ¡ͬһʱ̣ڵѪҺһ£ٶȣͺڣ쮡
ֻһ£͸оͷһһѪɿƵ˳ҪѪҺһ㣬ʹÿһ񾭶ʹͬʱǵӰΪĲ֧žһ±ɢʧ˿С
ৣЩݲ֪ʲô̼ƴＷ˭Ҳ˭ڱһšһʤһ㣬ڿ΢΢һ£ವһû޳ڡ
޳ֻоԼֱһ飬ֱ۶ʼʹǿݻವһע뵽ֱУֱľꡣ
еһűеڶţֳ֮ǰݷ׷ãƺֻǰǿͬĲű롣һ޳˫ۡ
˻޳۵õоֱۼֱǸħǣȫ񾭣ѹ˺ʹȥʹ綾ģץӲ֮ȥ
ৣЩݿһ㶼ʹʹ࣬ƴＷֻҪֱۣꡣһ̣޳͸оԼѾȥüʮ飬ÿһκһʹ
Ƶǣֱۻûɣһݳ룬৵һû뵽˫֮С̼䣬ʹӵδ϶ԶײǸݱϣ۵һײͷ͡
ݱӳˣ޳ȵطһʵҧҧŶڵϣʹѾʲôëӣ˻иַ˼飬ʱȻѲ⣬ֻ֪ҪȥЧ϶˾ϲ
ҧһؽŷ˵ĥ
ݲϵ߷룬ղͬΣ뵽ڣҪÿһֶһƵġ
԰еݼСݣһţһۣʵһ
ֻݶ£޳ߣǼ˵ݣ֪ںʱƮһĨݹ⣬ϸ۲һ飬ݵĹٶ
޳ҵģһΣ԰ɣǹһĨ̵΢Ц޳
ûͷЩݳֳ̬Ȼ뽫赲ס˫һݣ̧ƴ߳һ
ֻۡһЩԭǿݣȻ޻һ㣬ˢؾͱ
һϲסԼ৵һ³޳ȥ
һ̣һ޴ĺ޳ĥȥ͵һ󣬲ûƷȥ
ԶССɼ͵ۣƼҪٴײ
֨Сë򣬺һóȥžһݣֱֱس޳ɹȥ
СǣҲ͵Ť֦֫ݴøǶۡ޳ȥͬʱ˦һ֦ݺݵس鵽һԵľڵϡ
˶ҪˣѾľȻĳһֲǳ˦һ֦صس鵽ϡ
һ飬һֵʵʲôˣ̧ͷһȻǰСëһ˴ս
һɵļһ
ɾȥʱñСǱˡݺݵصǣȻЦǲҪɱ޳𣿻
ৣԶ˻ۣһѣһ¡˾ͽȷӦ͵һ𣬷Ҳ˷˶ԼͬΧ
ɫ䣬ηضǣ֮ΣʲôӢۺú
Ը֮ˣ÷ǳֶΡҪֻ֣ܹԼ̫Ц
һмؿ˲֪ĵϸѵ֪ͱ߼ˣҪ˵ڣ˭ڵùһΪѶɱİǣ
ɫһߺ޵ؽѪˡͼʱˣ޳ɡҪǲᣬ߻ü
ȻЦתͷСͷûҪɱǵˣһվһ𣬽ǾƣʲôŽʵ
֨֨С϶һĨ࣬صصͷ৵һµռһλӡ
ؿżˣ̧г췽ؽ޳ĳ£ǾͶɡ췽ıûУƴͬھͷȫڴ˵أĵģ
ҲҪΣ췽ڵʵѹܹȫ߶ץᣬϣݵؽ˵űߴ߶˫צ췽ץ
췽Բ췽˫һȵֻ˵һ췽ϱѺڹ⣬͵ر
ͬʱС͵Ťһ֫ǧ֦𶯣һɫⲨ৵һ³ѹ¡
ŭ
ֻһ£˺Ʊסһ㡣һ˲䣬СͻȻëѸײڶ֮Ƴ嵽ʵĳǿǰžһȥͽĳ⽴
ȵ˻عʱѾ˻ȥһ˶һֲؿǡ췽ѾͷϿգסΪ˾ͽļ˱ƶҴܵ
͵Ϯһֱδ˵˾ͽͻȻڽҽħ󣡡
ħ󣿡һħɲһ֮ͣͱҪǳһ㣬һɣֻҪߣǳŲ㶥ǿ߱п䣡
ãͽħۣɱ޳ɣ৵һ·УԸΣҲҪĽɫ
ҲЩżħһɣǾ췽أƴͬھͷҲܽ
ʱСǺȻ֨֨˳Ŀȥͫ͵һĶʱȵס
ֻ֮ڵ޳ϲ֪ΪγصãһƬƬⸯóŧҺ壬ĿġʹϣܸоǺɫѪҺУž綾
޳Ҳֳ˷ǳʹı飬ʶڣδʹӣ


1303 ħ
ʹ飡ģ
޳ʱĸоʶݣѾáһ鼡⣬һ㱻ʴֱýͷõٶȷǳ죬һյʱ䣬ͽĹͷôˡ˵磬ǱһΧţһʴ
޳Ѿûëϸð亹ʱ¶һŨĺɫҺΧţȥǱҲ̶á
ϴסĬĬغͬʱתͷСЭϴһǣ
һǿָһһֱش޳ǰһпӶ赲ס
С¶ҲһأСɾëվСǺ棬ѰŻᡣСǣɢӴ֦ϵ޳εذס
Ǵǵʬ̤ȥȻЩ޳һë
˼ִԲ򣬶мЦ˼ڿգڿпʼᡰħ󡱡
¡¡ŽһڼžĿռڣ羪һ㣬һĹʣµ֮仺ӶȥûһᣬһŰͼͷɢһѹ
ܿл֮ƴ
ͼɾѹӣ͵һȫע췽Сһ󻪹صѹӣס磬̼䰲
һжһɷս⡣뱬ȣ৵һӴ
ߵŸһעħУһǿҵĹâ¡һһѹ৵һ·ɢ⽣һ㣬৵һ½ܵĿ
ۣ۵³һѪͻȻϮķΡæסӣҧͳһŵҩ£򵥵Ϣһһɿش췽С
һ췽͵ر㳤һɶߣǰĥγɶšһ磬һƴѹƣһʱ˫ûܽԷơ
ǻڵʲôѵҪ޳أȵ޲ö޳ƤҡһԭǣҪɱ޳Ƕĵڲϣ
˵꣬ԥؽʮ֮ߵȫע뵽ͼСֻһ֮ͼһǿҵĹâ
һҲڣȫֳʮ֮߰˵ע롣̼䣬ͼùâɣͼм䣬һֻεħޣһֻһ㣬ſĿڣܷŭһ
𣡡Ƭռ䶼Ϊ֮Ǻдһ˺ֱ֮Ҫռ䶼˺
͵һţصµɽһ˿ѡϱһ΢⣬һǿҪɢ
Զڽ޳Ȼۣüɣסͬ飡
ϴ󣿡һϲæҪѹȥҧסƴش߶췽
ͬʱССҲûšСǲϵŤ֦֫ҲħѹûҲֻħǳ֮ϵ˾ͽأһʱ޷ͻʹŭơ
Сëһ߲ϵػӶ˫֣ʽڽ֯ʲô
¡¡ע룬ħĹâԽԽǿѹԽԽʵʵĳˮһ㣬һ˶
ɫѾҰһƬʹ췽ǿʱֻǳһѹֵˡɫһݣȻȵСң
֨СһŤֲ޴β৵һµ췽֮Сһ̹৵һ۵ע뵽С
ֻһ˲췽ɢͱȸղǿһ׹৵һ³ħȥ;ֹʱֹͣһкƱסһ㡣
ۣħкȻѪʵͯ뷽漸ˣ۵³һѪȻҲˡ
һȵ˾ͽ٣㻹Ҫǰɣʱʱ
˾ͽһѸ˼һ£ǽ׵Ժ̧עһǿ
һħȻһ޴ĺһ׹⻩һɢ
ǳףɫ৵һ¿˾ͽġֻԷҲؿ͸һɲмЦ
ǼһɱˡЦϴԤϴˣ˾ͽʱȻûɱģĶδһġ
Сǣͣ͵һߺ˫Ŀһݣȫע뵽췽֮С
һߣСҲ֨֨һ̹һŽһ㣬кȫע췽֮С
ȴһǰħѾγɡ׹һ㣬˲Ϣһ̾ͽǳͷβС
ֻһ£͸оһͣѡСǵ״̬Ҳãѵһ֦žس鵽ȥ
֨СɱͻȻӵ˫צƴػʲôħس˹ȥ
ͻȻðһƬ⣬৵ػһ⣬ɿ뵽ħС
ģܼСɵľٶ˷ܵǰֻħ³ԱĳĿʱǲϧñԴ֮͵עͼС
֨֨СһҽУ类յëһ㣬ħҴ
ôԶԣɱȷԾǲŸҪжǰͻȻһƬ⡣
ѣŴݹ֮ƣֻһ˲䣬ԭȹâħͻȻƬ
СɿëڱܡٶȺܿ죬һ£ܳȥԶë׼ãһðͯ¡
أٶȷǳ죬һһһ¾õͯһ¾ͱó⽴ĿҲǱõõڵϣѪһء
㣡ͷֱݺݵضСɣд߶ƾҪ
Сɳ˸ëһ¾ܻص޳ǰ
ʱ޳״̬ȻǳΣաɢһǿҵЩóĶҺѾӷƬݿռ䶼Ⱦ˺ɫ
޳ʱƬʶѾľܶҪԱû취ҪԱ
滹ԴԴϵӿŪԽԽ⡣Сɿ֦һô
ǵǲѣϴһҪס
ǿһҪɱ߷ߵؽͬʱһ߶
δͱһ̹⵲סȥ·СֱͦͦصǰƴŤ֫
ֻŤǻôһ޴⣬৵һ³ȥ
һߣ˾ͽʣµԪҲԾ˽ֻԶԶֻʵҲδ⡣
췽Ϸ˶УѾˮʪӣȥǳǱֻҧ췽ȡԼ
ǳǿ󣬵˾ͽһˣѾмܡòñԴ֮ŵǿ֧ס췽
һߣСҲûȣСɾë͵ϮӣһǱһȭսø
ʱ޳Ǳ߷һ˿仯ԭƮɢȻȫӿȥܵĿһ±øɾ޳ԭõòӣȻһּٶ
һϲʮ㣬޳Ͼܳɹˣ
˾ͽȴɫһ˫һ˲˲ض޳һĨŨҵɱ⡣
һ⣬δӦͼǰͻȻһǿ⣬һһ۶ߵĳ৵һ³ǰ
ʥôһʥҿƣҪ֮ǰ˾ͽǰѸǿ󼸷֣
ʱ׹ȵһ˾ͽңȻΪʥֻôƷѵƷױܵǰѣҪࡣ
˾ͽһע뵽⽣֮Уһ仰ٽ¡˲䣬һ޴ѹ৵һ˺գֱֱ޳ڵķȥ


1304 廹
˾ͽģңѣȻһƬ⡣һ̣Ķͷһɫӡ֣˫ɫ
ͬʱ췽Ĺâһѹһһ㣬৵һµڽ֮ǰ
Զ޳֮ͻȻо洫һǿƣһ
ǾϢжʱЩżϢôоСǲҪˣ
Ҳ˲ãȻָʼʶʶбһǿȪˮһӿ̼䣬ԭڻָȻһƬ⡣
콵һ㣬ԭȸɺԽ̵Ƥһӱͬһʱ̣ݿʼӿ롣
޳ʧƺߣûȥһεʹ࣬ȻǰҪǿüֻоԼÿһëǧ֮һ㣬ɽһѹϡ
ÿһκصú޲þʹȥĸо綾һظʴ񾭡оԼһӱ÷ǳκһ΢Ĵܹ
棬ǹǿϢԽԽ죬޳ܹоʹࡣ붼֪һϢȫ汬ϽǸСˣ
ס޳㲻ܵų򣡡޳ȻһǿǱѾõ޵սȻ糱ˮһ㽫ƬռЩеݣƼһ㣬ͻȻûЯҲº
޳ڸоһЩӽʼĴûųЩݣУһغʵ
סӶľʶͻȻð޳Ļһ飬ʱı
ֹͣ˱Ŭסʶ췽ƴס˾ͽġ
һߣССëزսҲǳңɡˣѹ޷սֻԱ߽ŵضţ׼Ż
˾ͽļ췽һ𣬶ʱǿ˹ղžͻ䣬ʵľһִʥڹڹ۲졣
ʱѰᣬʱ߶ʮ֮ŵȫע뵽ʥ֮Сֻһ̶ʥһҫ۵̫һ㣬৵һ±ɹâ
ǹâ֮ϡ̵ģҪռ˺ѡ
ҧ췽بԼǰҪסĹϧٴȼձԴ֮͵³һͷѪȫע뵽췽֮С
¡¡췽һǿԭĶȻһƬĺââʥİ׹৵һײϣһƬҵıը
̼䣬һ𶯴һ৵죬;Ŀռ䳹ѡ
ۣ
˾ͽһ͵˺üſͣסŲ𾪣û뵽Լһǳ㾹Ȼᱻһǳһˣ
췽Ȼ鴫ϧʵʹ˽ɣ˾ͽĲٵ飬ɱģҪȽɱ
бҲһǿĲ͵ս⣬Ѫӿս졣һ˲ȻоһֵĲ͵һǿϲ
췽ЦղȻо췽ĲʶĶŻᴫĲ
Ȼ췽ͨϿɣУӿһɸӰȻս⣬һУ췽еУֱֱس˾ͽĳ˹ȥ
һߣ޳״ԽԽ졣Ʊͨʱһ㣬岻˥ϡá̡޸ͬ۵Ӥ˥ϡáһһ飬ǳ٣ƾһһֻء
һٵı仯УǿԽԽ̬һβļⱾĹѪ뾭һǿоԼ̺ԽԽǿǿܹƾһȭ񷡣
棬ӿԽԽ죬һڶһ㣬ϵգЩһԵ롣ϲط֣Щݾͬϸһ㣬ȻڿٵѪҺ֮Сǻһϸʼʵǿȡ
оԼľԽԽ㣬ԽԽǿֻһܹܵĿסʶǡ޵塱ɫ৵ð͸ڹԣһյһǰ·
޳һ⡰޵Сֵ˼ϸĵλѪҺϸѪҺѪҺǡδ徹Ȼ
ǰƴһõĴţ̵ɢȵĹâǰæ߶ӿٶȡ
̼䣬ת䡣Ƭռƶһ𶯣ݣس޳ӿ롣飬ȿֺ
òɿļˣȻһֵĶȫһȥ޳ɢһǿѹЩȫҪǱ߼
ЩпɶԶŴУǰôһᣬǳܹ޳һ˶ռ
һϣһҪֹɱǣ˫ͨ죬ǿҵŭʧȥǣ৵һͳһԲȦĵ
ǬȦɫһݣҪɹֹǼʶǬȦռƬռ䶼ݻ٣Ÿһж˾ͽľͷͼסȥ·
ѾŽȦС͵˹ȥǳʵ߷Ȧӳ˸ǿʵֻһ¾ͽСʵʵϣͨһˤڵϡ
֨֨Сǽŵغһչ޳ëСɣǵСǰԴ
ˣ޳Ȼǵʶ֮Сһҡͷԡ
Ҫ£һǱ𡣡޳͸һɲݾܾļᶨСǼĻû־ವһ´ܵߣ˾ͽġ
һ⸱龰һ£Ц޳ĳҲЩ̰Ķɣ
˵ţ͵ػһ⣬޳ڵݳȥ
۵һҵͻȻƬռСһ죬ײ޳Ǹϣײͷ͡
û뵽ݾȻ˼̣òѪϸ޳һۣʱ״ȻǺܺãϵú˺ãǳֲܣȻŴССݣڲϵӿڡ
ٵ飬Ȧע৵һ˹ȥ
أһûƣ£ڴһ˿৵һ½ȫע¡
Ӧѣ֮ģһɼŵζζ綾һ㣬৵һܷɢһڣ͸оͷ͡
ôСӾȻûζɣжһ˿ءԼסǰȥ
߶ЩݾȻʶرÿмŶܲײϣҲವһ£ɿش߿ա
Щ͵ץסһšǶȻԻҪ৵һ¾ͷ˳ȥ
޳ĿУӷߺƾʲôСܹõôĴУ
Ŀ޳Ȼоһǿĺ⳯Լ˹΢΢䡣·ܲǰƵģɴԼ壬ЩȻԴԴϵӿ룬뵽ѪҺУԽԽȡͬʱ棬ĶҺҲԽԽڡ
ع۲һᣬҹζ࣬ٵ飬ֱ޳ŽȦ৵һ»ӹȫɢȦĹâ৵һײ޳ϣ۵һ
һݣע৵һ³޳ȥ


1305 ɱ
һҽУһըУܵĿһ¡սļˣȫͣ޳߿
һǶʱʧɫ˾ͽļˣһ£Ц
ֻԼ֣ϻӶţϱճʲôɾĶһϸһƣԷ˺ɫǺɫڲϵسֱӣﶼȾ˺ɫ
ɻЦᶼҪˣɫͳޱȡСҲŶӹЦ
Ƕ˺ɫ߷ߵص޳޲ýҡԾǣϵĶȻȫŬѹƲס
һţһɺ⡣޳һжҵģ
˵ţȻһǿıϢһĹâ৵һֳܶճɫ
ڤģ޳Ȼ˫Ŀգ˿谭磬ŵϤϢЦѡһֻ˵֮ǰĲ²ûλпڵԶǰն㵽ϡ
һƺܽͨˡ޳۾һ˲˲ض·Ҫ͸ֱӿһ㡣
һ˿飬޳ؽвԱУǰֺΪѺ󱲡
һЦԭ֪֪˵λǰҸ˵һҲܻ޳ұس֮ͱʲôˣ
޳Ŀһһɲĸо̧ͷضʵ㽫ˣ
Ҳ¸У޳Ѿһ֮ˡмؽͷԭ׶Σһαش鼱֮¶ڣȻҪᡣû뵽󷴱ѹƣ
޳һݣλаġսǰһЩϧüʹˣҲδĨȥƾıʵһߵȴ𱨡⵽Ӧ
ߣ޳Ե𣿹˵ԼŰɣֻҪҳΪһǿߣұ죬ʲôӦǰһؽ
޳һһѾ׶䣬˵ٶҲ״ԹԵرۣٷϻ
һ˲Щ۹ֿʼ׷Ҹϣƴؼ롣
̬ȼŭɸ빥ϴһ˿ʹеĺδɢڤֻǽѹסѡ÷³ޣѰһյأȫ
˼״໥һۣһһµľĿľǻԶŴСʱ޳ƣн԰ݶյĴ㣬һʱɱֻռԴˣ
ʱǼ˻ֻʣ·桢Ԫ˾ͽ˺ˣĿֻʣ°ſڵϴϢ
Ԫٵ飬صԭԼĵطץȡݻȡС˾ͽҲ
Сȴڴ⣬վ޳ߣ
һʱ䣬Ƭ԰Уָֻֻݵķ޳ڵ
޳״̬ǰҪࡣʱ棬ѾáЩĶҺѾ壬ƮɢڿС޾ݣϵسӿ룬ѪҺԽԽȡ
֪˶ãоԼֱɽһȵѾð̡ݳ˱˾ͽļյģѾ롣
Ƭռһӱÿտ˴۸ӵɽ޳˿ϸһǿȡ
ֻһ£͸оÿϸɢһ͵ӿʲôҪð
޳ֻоһȣʲôҪð
ҪѪ˰ɣоԼҪﱬˣͺƼһŮȴʲôܸɣѪҺڣҪըˣ
һϵȫһŻȵ৵һ³ǳȥ
䣡һѪһ৵һֱ
תϲؿ޳ϴûˣ
Զ˾ͽļˣҲվ޳
ûˡ԰С޳Ѫ𣬻վһһ㣬
Ŀɢƣ˲ЩӣҪͷ˾ͽͻȻЩǰòһеؽɱ
ϴô˷ܵشǰһ´һʵоһε޳ֲһࡣȻ˵ˣһǿҪ۷
޳תͷؽˡתͷֳС֣ǼĺܺáϢһɡ
֨֨֨õ佱Сޱ˷ܣ֨֨֨һͨ৵һ»⣬޳ڡ
ϴǸȥˡ˵ų˾ͽļ˿˿˼ԶѡղԶ٣֮ΣڣⱨӦҪˣ
޳ЦЦûֻͳżƷҩžҲȥϢһ¡Ҫ
ЦݣͻȻЩ}ĻţֻĳЩ˿϶ҪùˡҲϻӹҩ͵һ
Զüڤѹƶʱѹˡ޳һۣת˾ͽļȥ
һֱŵЦ⣬УȴֱԵһԪֱȽŷ͹ڵء
޳һЦؽԶŴյô
Ԫһ㶣Ȼû׹ʲô֧֧˰죬ûܽһĻ
޳ͻȻЩʧҡҡͷǿǿΪ׶˶࣬ʵ㲢Ӧ·꣬ԭĻ۱ͷǳḻֻҪһͿͻơȴգ飬Ϣ궯Ѿ޷ǿΪ
ԪĻ˵ɫӲ԰ӣҪ˵ʲôվû˵ʲôȻ޳Ϊλ֪ܣʱѾȥ˼Щ޳˵ķǳԣЩŰĸо
޳ɵģһͣ˹ƻһ԰ãóɡ
ʲôԪʱ۾һ˿ŭ
޳ѹ˵ͬʱѾ̧ƽ˹߾ڿСͬʱһ৵һ±ŷ뵽Ԫڡ
ֻһ˲Ԫ۾͹ŵؿ޳ֻоڸողŻõЩ䴫УȻ糱ˮһ㱻ȥɿƵس
һᣬЩоһˮһ㣬ȫ룬৵û뵽޳ڡˮû뵽޳֮һůѪҺ֮С
޳ԪŻصϣӸµؿΪѾصԭˮƽԺΪ֮ɡ
˵ţŷȥؽȻδ˺ңղҲ˰ɣ
һ˿ŭ⣬վʲôûнȻֵط֣޳һ̣Ȼȫܶˡ
޳һץҲн߶ֻһᣬõĴҲϤ롣
һߵ˾ͽƼһĻɫڣ޳ԼʥЦ޳ǲ̫Լˣ
޳ȴνЦЦ̫Լˡ˾ͽģŲţҾɱǳ㣿
˵ţ˾ͽĳ֮ʣ͵س˹ȥ
˾ͽЦǳƳױȫע뵽⽣֮СʥĹâδױЦͻȻǱߣŵؿ޳
ⲻܣôǿز
ûʲôܣ޳˫Ŀ䣬סֱѹƣ߶ڡ
ֻһ˲˾ͽĵͳ鴤ڵԴԴϵس޳ӿȥ


1306 ô
ⲻܣ˾ͽĵŭƬ԰лصشģһǿһĳ鴤
ԭʵݣ̼ͱ˷ꡣƣڳЦ֪ƴҪ޳նɱŸۣ޳壬Ȼȫ
޵֮ǰѹãֻܻ
޳⽫õĴգıԴ˳ԶľȥĽڵһҳղô࣬
һ飬жæӹԴȪ
ۣ˾ͽɫݣֱһɱ񲻿ͷðֻѪϵϢһ¡
޳ӵϣӸµؿղɱҵʱ򣬶ˬɣˮתԡһᣬԲðɡ
޳㲻ú˾ͽĵɤͭһ㣬Ъ˹غ
ͻȻһӰ৵һ´žش˾ͽ档ֻһ˲˾ͽľͱһ̲ࡣ
֨֨ëŰӣСɼ޳Ƶؽ˼
޳̲ס븧СӴ˻ˡԱߵԪ뷽ˣһĻԾӵȥ޳˵УǾ⡣
޳һۣΪֹԪΪ壬ȻʱδΪС񣬾ֻʣһˡ
кȻһҵ𶯣һ৵һ³޳
޳˫Ŀһݣϣżӹ۵һע뵽ͬһֱϵԪϡ
Ǹʮߣ֪ԼȻǱνġˡɱǰûڣһж
޳תͷǰй۲ơ
ʱϹһ˿Ц޳Ц֮ʱͻȻϤУϸһ룬ֲַδ֮
޳˾ȣŮ񲻻һֱ㡣ؽ͸һ˿ǰΪӮˣʵʲôûеõһԼĸĸȲ˵ķʲôʸվ
޳ɫһݣݺݵص㵽˭
Ӧ֪ǰŶԣΪλ˵ֻ޳ĿѾױ׶һ㣬Ҫ
Цֹ˭ʲôҪֻҪ֪Զҵ°ܽͿˣ
ǾҪûǸͣ޳ݵؽӻһ⣬ವһ³Ʈȥ
һ𣬳ûһ֮Сȭɢһ˿ǿ
أһ޴ײصڼžĿռ֮ڡವһ£һֻƤһȥصڵϡ
ǲţ߷ߵغⲻܣ
޳ЦҪûʹ㻹۵úܣڻ֮Уͱͷޱǿ󣬴ʱǷ۱ǰʧء
˫Ŀѣ˫ֺݺݵһŵ棬৵һ¾͵𣬳޳ȥ
޳ԭҪֱһ߻ȥȴȻоǬȦϢ˫һУıע⣬˫͵һ壬һɽ˹ȥ
أǬȦɽϣһ޴ײԤеĳĩδ֣ɽоȻһƬѪҺ
ЩѪҺһ㳯ɢȴڰ;У৵һ볯޳ɹ
޳һ㶣뷴ȴͻȻһˡѪҺһͻȻǶѪҺޱȿһ㡣
ͷһһͷһԺСٷſëףЩѪҺһ
ֻ۵һ£ЩѪҺƻؼһ㣬৵һ½뵽ڡͬǰһһɢѪҺС
Ѫ޳ͻȻֳ֣ޱȼû뵽Щ۸ӵɽȻѪ
ͻȻ뵽ǰݣ൱ϸЩɽǾ磿ޱ𶯣оԼ˼һαϴˢһ顣
԰ʲô
ԶȻҲһĻһ޳иӵطߺޡ͵һһӴϢ৵һӿ
ǳ۷壡޳˫ΣյȻѾ׼Ǳһ¡طҪ˶̵ʱ޵ǳ۷壬츳ʵ˾ȡ
ֻϧа޳ϧ̧֣ǧɷವһ³У̱죬ʱܳ
ɱ
ͬʱһȣ볯ŶԷȥ
Ǭݣ
һ
䣡޴ײŪһƬǽ塣ɽ飬ɫѪҺƮɢݵس޳ڷȥ
ЩѪҺУǿ޳оʹľһѡǧɷϵȥһƣ
Ƴһһܳ׷ס
ȻŵһʼܶϼУֻǬȦסԼ·״̬
ϴôˣմ״̬һͻȻǰһѪꡣ޳ɱһΧɽ׷ɣǳʵ׳ۣ
Լš޳Ķӿ˭֪ʱѹͣЩѪҺ󣬱㷢޴ȼյ˶Ҫһ㡣
ʹ߷ܻܿҲǬȦʹҪȻʱҲйĵط
һŭɫôʲôʱ˱֮ǰʱһƴλҪƣ
ߵغ޳б¾͸ҹشһʲôӢۺú
޳һ𣬶ЦԭӱɽסˣѹվǱֻһذǣؽб£Գһսû£Ǿֻţ
˵ţȥֱк򡣸߸ߵؾһƣž˹ȥ
û뵽ͻȻı䶯ȦһʱûӦžش˸šʱ˫𣬸ˣֱһơ
޳̫
Ҫɱҵʱô˵Լ̫ˣ޳䣬ֵĶһαһκݡӷӿԱߵɽϱ飬һѪҺ޳ڣΪϲ
סǬȦֻ򵥵ķأһͱҳ޳ñסͷҲƲסױ
޳𾢣ͻȻԾȥ뿪һ̣ǱͻȻһҫ۵ĺ⣬৵һ½ܵѪҺɢ
ǿгأ޳һݣû뵽ȻǿͻƵǳ߲㣬Ƿ
ٴ⣬һ߰д߶ע뵽µġ硱֮Уһ߽سȥĵػס
ŸͻƣϢǳȡֻվԶ߷ߵض޳ڿٵص
޳Ҳδǿܵľ硣Щɫɽ澹ȻǿʱǶβس޳ӿ롣
ɽϵıѣ޳ֻоڵԽԽǿҪȣҪ͵ӣһ৵һܱɢ
ֻһ˲ܵɽȫһ̣ԭмһƬεƬͻȻڿͻȻһƬͨͨ
࣡޳кƱǿײһ£ֱԼ۾
԰ʲôȻһ˵壿ǾȻһ˵ڣ
ԶľһҪɵģϴǲǱ˳˰ɣ
ͷ޳Цãоûô򵥡Ѹٷչܴ̽
һƬռ䣬Ѿ׻һкƱͻȻһ㡣ǿž޴Χ֡
ƺһһ˵ĺģģģ·𿴵һ˵
޳͵һæȥһ඼ֹͣ
ܣô׺


1307 ԰ʲô
׺ǰԶŴУôܻ޳ƴҡͷȫš
޷Լ̽ȷȷʵʵ׺
⵽ôһ£޳жʱвԾֳͷЩ뵽ڣǰմմϲȻֵܣ
ⲻܣܲ˵ش󺰣̧ƴ߳һһ³˹ȥǲĹ
أ׼ǬȦ赲סĹϡȻ֪޳ΪλͻȻʧأǸᣡ
廯һ⣬ȫע뵽ǬȦ֮У̲ס޳ɣ
ϴСģԶľŵʩչɹ˿ЩѪҺɢһǿѹѹƵжޱȡ
һж޳УоΣʱѾǰֻоһɱವһ
õʣĵһӦǴ߶৵һ½ס˷һ㳯ͳ˹ȥ
أҵײγһƬաЩѪҺ৵һƮɢԶƮ
޳ײ󵹷ɳȥƺһ㱻顣Ҫھ޴赲˴󲿷ֹʱѾѪ
ٹΪǬȦţʱܵˡֻ˼ͣס̧ͷؿ޳
޳ÿһζôˡٳһУ˵ţ޳ɱ
޳˫Ŀһݣղŵĵز࣬ʵѪҺδ̫࣬ʱֻʣһƬ飬ܵһ
߶Լǿǿ
ӰǰٷŴ󣬲ϰһɱȸղŻҪɱֻһ˲͸оһϢ
޳ɣ
ž
Զ뵽лֵڶ޴İơǰƳֵ˹죬˿٣˴벻
δüУͱȵصɳȥԶգһʧ
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׺޳վԭأЩģ
šԶȻһĻӦ޳˷
޳һ㶣ƿڴģװʲôˣ
ռﾲĬһᣬһƬOO@@ڴ·һһᣬһɫӰƮ޳ǰ
ţˣЩԼ۾Ƶʵô
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׺ϱ鵭ģûлشֻЩãȻؿܣֶ޳
޳ЩëȻô뽫ʸ
׺ƺҲԼ⣬΢תͷܿȥ̧ץһȻڷ׷ƮѪҺ
ЩѪҺһҺ壬֬һƤϡ׺һ£ȫ޳ɹ
޳ȻЩΣ֪Ҫνһֵ󡣶׺ֻЩֵؿֳԱ߻һ¡
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׺޳һֻۣ쵽޳ǰ
޳վţüëЩ΢΢šţû
׺üѿڵáŸ˵꣬Ҳ޳ͬͬ⣬ѪҺȫע뵽޳ڡ
֡޳Ҫ˵ںȻһǿˡֻܱͣȫѹ
׺ʼܵġ硱ǿž޴࣬Щݺύľ硣һһ߽ѪҺע뵽޳ڡ
޳һӱעôڵĽʱ׺״֣ûһȥ
޳һƺߣ㱻ĵѪѾģҲ̫˵㣡Ҳˣڵűӷڱ塣
ѪҺע룬ǿ׺ƺһĵЩۡ룬³֣ë򡣡
޳ֱӺˡѾģһѾˣҪһֻ
ԶľѾǵĬĬתͷԼڡɲұ֤֪̫࣬ȥ֮ϴ᲻ˣ
žһº׺ͻȻһôѪҺ
޳һ⣬ĳ嶯ҧëٻ˳
СëδӦëͱһֻƸץ˿С׺𣺡򣡡
ëԺתͷãؿ׺ҪܣȴȻŵ׺Ϣʱϵë붼û룬ͳӾͳ޳ȥ
ã޳òιȥСһôôס
׺ƺҲЩ䲻ȵؽ㡣
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ΨһֵҵǣԽԽǿë򲻵òӣʹȫá
԰ԽԽտһƬƬɽһ˿ʣ¡׺һ㶼󣬾Ȼ԰
ţˣҪҪٿһ£ⶫҪˣǳȥνδԪվȽŸ˾ͽ˱԰ҪǱǻˣƴ
׺˶٣ֵؿžֲǵġ

Уţǳ׷ˡ԰˫ǵģ˭ģŪס
Ȼ޳ҲŪסʱѾ࣬һһʵ֣Ϊλɽ֮Уҵ˼ǣһƬռȻһ壬Ϊλ棿
ǰûŵһ̣·𿴵ԼسԼֵһָо޷ݡ
׺ûнĶ˺һᣬüҲ֪
ѵΪǲ֪Ѱң޳һ𣬻˸ʵֻ԰ʲô
׺һλشطǳ١
޳뾰ͬغҲ̫˼ˣʲôˣһȻ
޳Ȼûµĳ嶯
ϡ֪룬׺ο
޳ЦҪ֪Ǳ˵壬Ųȥʵ̫ˡֵǣЩѪҺһ㶼ų⣬һиСоʵЩ֡
ͻȻ뵽һ£ʵ˵Ҳ԰Զпռ䣬ѵҲǷ
š׺صͷֵؿԼȻЩ˼͵Ҷȥˡ

ѾλţͶأʣղСܣͬʱ
޳ɻƺԽԽŪס
ˡ׺ȻâһкȻһž޴š԰˿һ㣬৵سеĹ
ͬʱغ˾ͽˣֵطԭĿռȻһӰӺ֣ӰԽԽԽԽϡ󣬳ɢڿС
׺еһŹ޳ڣ˾䡰ȥæˡʧСһ̯Ӹˡ
޳˵˾ͽ᲻˽ǰɱˣ
޳Ҳһͷʹܡ
ǳˣһƬһֻһ䡰Բۡ
ǽʱҲͼͶѡô˿ôˣ


1308 ʦ
֪˭һ䡰԰ûˡʱ
˾ͽԭЦݵʱסŵգϸһ̽ɫ৵һ°ˣʣ޳ôһ£
ֻҪǰ׳գͲϡ
޳ޱؽ֪ǰ汻˹Ŵžͱӡ
˵ÿʵµ򣬲ΪҪɱ֮󣬲зܡ
˾ͽŷֲԾæܿȥֳ޳뾰ˣһˣ
أ˾ͽġأ˾ͽѾüʵ
޳ֱֱؿĿᶨ򶨣ֻʵ˴γǶٺˣδ޳Ƿǣ
㣡˾ͽɫһݣһŭ⣬ĶЩʵ㽫ɱˣ
Ļ˵꣬ϷȻһӰವһ³Ʈ
˾ͽͷһʱǰӭȥڼ˵ʱɫ͵һһס죬ʵ棿ô㣿أ
ԭΪ޳һЩЩ㱣ʱ˾ͽһκ붼ûͽܼˣɥ԰֮С
޳˫УûǴĻ֮ʱĿԿɻŰĬؿ˷һۣ䡣
ʲô˾ͽ͵һһ½˦һߣʵ˭˭ɱҶӣ㣬޳
޳У͸һɺݹ⣬˫Ŀɺ죬ɱΡ
޳ηӭĿ⣬ҲϣҪǵ׻ô
˾ͽòιȥҪһǳߣǶôĲסȻ˾ͽһиõӣӴС츳ǿǰ;ɹ
ڣȫ޳ˣ̧ƾҪ޳ĹȴԱߵĹܼס
ӣġһУͽ˾ɡ
˾ͽ߷ߵطƣ˵Ϸ޳к֣ڽύ˾Ҳϣ޳ܹϵ顣
Щˡ߷߲ƽ뿹飬ȴ޳нס
һȺ˿£ֱ˾˫ǵİ´׽ɽ˫ǣԸ˹һοɰŮӣ˭
˾ͽ׽ɽ˾ͽ˸񣬺ǹ
˾ͽ˿ȴԲţƢͷ˾Խֻ֤ݡ˾еλߣִ֮һ
׳ϣһᡣ»׳С˾ͽ켷һЦݣʹؽ
׽ɽ˽һ飬һ࣬޳˶һ顣ת˾ͽ˾ͽ˴ν԰ԭһԣϡϷֻ֪˾ͽҪϷ˾ͽʲô
˾ͽһݣƥ˼죡һԳϣۡ԰ǲ֮أֺһ˵侴޳Ӣۣ˽˾ͽȻ
޳ƻ԰ɱ˾ͽģ˾ͽֻԼûֳȥͽҪΪԼõ˼׵˾⡣
׽ɽһ˼ĻҲмֵ̧ͷ˽һ˰ĹؼŪ޳ʱǷ˽˾Բɱ޹֮ͽ
ߣ˭֪԰ΣķǳҲ޶˻˰ɣǰһƽؽʱƱһһɢһĳҲǸƤС
ֻת˵ʱȴͻȻ޳˸ģ޳ʧЦղŵĸĹ۳׸Ť˻
֮£ǶϷС㻹벻Ҫ˫֮£˾ͽһۣؽ
Ҳ֣Ҳ֪˾ͽ㹫ҲֻŪѡΪһԹߣȴǴ˷ٶ޳ǳƽؽ
ﲻƽɱ˵ɣ˾ͽϳһ˿͡
Ҳ˵ɶѣû֤ݣûжֻ֪֤ۡʵ޳Ǳԩ˾ͽָõΣֱֱ˾ͽ۾ʵ
˾ͽһ㶣󻺻֤ʵ޳ǱԩģϷȫǰǰǸͬʱֱӲμ֮ȥĳǵѡСйء
Ǿͺãҿɶˡ׳Ͽʼ鰸ɡɿش˾ͽĻض׽ɽ
˾ͽ仰ںܣܸоﲻԾһ룬޳϶ԼӵѲ˸ϵҲͲȥЩģȿô
׽ɽǰһ޳뽫ǽ԰һ顣
޳ͷ齲һ飬ҵʱͻȻ˹ң֮ҵħСأȰɼȴɱɡѲų֡
֤֤Ǳȶ֣
׽ɽĻһֻâһССëǰһߣҲǰһ
Ƕܹ֤˵꣬СëСɱƴͷ
һͷ亹׽ɽšüëؽһ޳ֿѣħ裬ǻ𣿴ڰ֮ӣΪ֤ˡ
ʲôҾҵƷĸģ˾ͽļҪɱҼϴ
˭᣿վ޳һߣ˵Ļ˭ţһλ˾ͽ˲ƽؽ
ྲϷ󰸣˲ò죡׽ɽؽ
ʱһͻȻҿ֤֤ͷ˾ͽܵɱԣ޳˴֮졣
Եȴ羪һ㣬ըƬռ䡣ȥ˵֮һҴߡ棡
棬˻ɵ棿˾ͽʵ
ˣԸⷢ¶ģһ٣׺䶥
˻һڳʱһ׽ɽͺྲ˾ͽ콲ѾŪ˾ͽڰ
ȵȣȻҶܵɱ޳ȷʵΪ޳ɱҡ
˾ͽ壬ղſ˵޳Ǳԩ͵ȫǰյǸ޳ڲѵ¶֣ҲǲѶΪ֪֮˾ͽʵǿ޳ȻҲǾһһŽ׷ƺЩ˵ȥ˰ɣ
˾ͽʹس鴤˼£òˡ˵ȥĻóȥˮҲ޿κΣ
޳ЦŽŪá˾ͽȷʵ޳޳ҲѰǸ򲻸ҽܡ˾ͽ޳ŬͨѡΣ˫ǽĳǡ
㡭˾ͽòѪǿŭ⡣ӻǵùƣ޳ƤЦⲻЦؽܹģϷаο˫ǾҪӢٽܣ
޳˻ص֮󣬾ЦͣƼ˾ͽƥղŵıûҪˣȴȻÿ佱ˣЦˡ
һۣûؽЦЦЦҲЦ㣡֪֪˾ͽ誾ҪˣȻЦó
ȿȡ㱻ԼĿˮǺŲʵ˾ͽ誣˾ͽҴүǸ˵ǰ޹˺ߵţ
ܲ˵ذһۣǰ޹˺̫˰ɣǼһ֮ǰΪѾǳ۷壬յÿء˴γǡ
˼ԶߣͻƱ㲻ܳ˾ͽʵ˼ɵˡ
޳ɫҲЩءĶ֣ʵԽԽǿǵĶüӿˡ


1309 
գ˫ǶչѾõ˾ͽӣڳػ
Ϣһ𾪡Ҷڲ²λ˺ΪʱΪȻѾͻƵǳ߲㣡
ԿӭӽӹƺƵһȺˣƺƴ˫ǰգʮ֮˾ҲȫϽͷеӭ
տŵֵĳ棬Ե޳ŬŬ죺ų˲֪ģΪǹء
޳ޱؽڶǳ߲㣬ȹҪΪʵһУǸʸ񡣡
ͷһ𣬸޳ĺؽȴ޳һ
˷̣ȷʵЩΡ˾ͽ͵˷ͻȻʦڣǲ򵥡
ôһ˵Ҳˡ˾ͽ誴С츳ʵǿ۾ǳͷϵġ飬˵ȴǶһоߣֿ˼ؽ
û߶иġȻʱΪĳĿģ
˵һ룬Ȼ뾰˫ӶԷпһĨء
ȻǾ͵õϢ˴ȥĳǵı˸ı䡣
ʵ̫ˣ۸ˣΪԼ˭˵ı͸ı䣿˵ҲҪı䣬𣿡ߵؽ
ԱѶļˣҲ߷߲ƽؽǻ֮û˵飡
ǳĹȴ˵ƬԪгȻͬµ¹ƾѾǰ϶޷ıˡá
ߣӾΣյۣҧгݵؽΪǾ޿κˣƾ𣿲˳㣬ϴУǰϴ󣿡
޳飬ͻȻһУתͷ㶵ؿ
޳ƵؽϴҲ̫˰ɣǶˡ
޳εЦЦжͻȻıĹûжĸоƾƣ˵ǹƽ˵㣬ڰȫǰպѡٳȻܹĳǡز족ˣȻġ
ϴ󣿡޳ַԽż
޳ЦȻˣǱ˶֧Ǳǡ
һЦ޳Ĵָϴϴ֪ôˡ浱˾ͽƥ֪սʱʵı飬
ȥŰɣֵǵ͵Щһ찲ӡ޳Цһѡ˷ܵغܣڷ㶵ļ˳ȥ
һߣνƱһ˾ͽ誣Цףص˾ͽһ븮ڣ
˾ͽ״ˣԼҴЦ誶ίˡ
˾ͽõʵô£
˾ͽɫһͣؽ˴гһλţ޳Ѿ˵Ϊ˺ޱȣܱɥ֣֮
˾ͽ誵ɫɱһţݺݵؽ޳ܺãҶ˾ͽˣҪ㵽ǲͷۣ
һñ誶Ҽס޳Ϊ˼թޱȣһҪСġʱȻֻǳ㾳磬ѾܹԽüɱУ򲻿У˾ͽصؽ
˾ͽ誵ͷףףôûߵܣ
˾ͽһĸͬ׺ԼܹΧҪ
˾ͽɫһʹؽĵ߻ħʱڷڡĵܡ
߻ħ˾ͽɫһԼĸףʵô£СӲģἱô߻ħĵô£ˣ
ĵҲ߻ħˣҡȥ֪ʱ˼
˾ͽ΢һü˾ͽͷһʧԭء
˾ͽ̾˿Ҳȥ
һƧƫԺʱһǺĽ˵أר֮֮ء
δ洫һһĺ˾ͽüͷѾһĵ˾ͽ
Ǳ̬ҲӦúߵܡҸ˾ͽһֱظ䣬һתơ
˵˼ãѾ࣬ˣҲƷˡ˾ͽ誾ֱѺ˾ͽķ䣬һͿ˾ͽܡ
˾ͽ˽ܹЦǿޣﲻ߶ţҸҲıߵܡ
˾ͽüͷֱһס˾ͽ״ֵؽҪɱңҪɱң
˾ͽɫһ࣬һϢɿ˾ͽʶܵ˹⻹˻ħ䡣
ǾͲ߻ħ˾ͽɫڵøһ㣬һĨ⣬ҧгݵؽһ޳Ǻģ
ԡ˾ͽͻȻܿ϶ǲǱݺĵܵΪ⵽ħķɲųֵ߻ħ
˾ͽ룬ȥߵܡ
ֱ˾ͽס˾ͽ課鿴֮ɫҲĵܵ߻ħȷʵΡַ
ַ˵˰˾ͽ
ܣߵܲħ䣬ȴΪħʹʶ⵽д
ǻħ䣿˭ħ˾ͽĽ޳Ӧ֪Ŷԣ˾ͽһõͷ
ȱšȥ޳˵˾ͽʧԭء˾ͽ״һ˼һԼӣҲ뿪˴˵ء
ҹʮ֣ӭһλصĿˡ˲룬ȴǴ磬ֱӴڡ
޳ʱֻһۣߣ˱Լ
ֵͲµһ˵Цһߵߣص˱裬
ԤϵҪһЩٱҪס޳±ӣһԱߵӣؽ
˾ͽһܿͻָ˹ЦֵݵȻʵ˾ͽ˲˵ҾͿżɽֱ˵ˡ
޳ÿɷֻš
˾ͽ˴ǰ̸ֵһʽס
޳Цû֮Ľף̤Ԫһ̣㿪ʼ˰ɣ
ֵܹȻһˬˡҾϲֵˣʵڣûǰЩûа׷ѡ
޳˱裬ЦԴ˾ͽͻȻ߻ħʼģȷʵ΢֮
˵޳øлٶǵİ޳Ȼ
Ǻʱ֪ҵˣ˾ͽϱȻȴ޳жЩȡ뷽ûйֱӽӴ޳һ˫ǵëͷСӣȻܲ鵽
ҲûʲôȫˣվߵĶϣڴʱְҵģ˹ݺ˾ͽٵˣҲˡ˾ͽ㣬ǡǡпһˡʵѲ£𣿡
޳ķʣȴ˾ͽ΢΢ġأȴû뵽Ȼͱ˷ͷһĨɱ⣬ܿȥ
Ц˵ֵܹȻ˿ˣҲͲˡҪ̸Ľ׺ܼ򵥣Ҫ˾ͽңҪȥĳǣǺұƽĳǡ
޳΢΢ۣˬصͷã
˾ͽĿĴﵽ޳˼䣬뿪ߺ󣬾ӷ߳޳ΪҪʵѹʸ̸
޳νؽǲ𣿡
ֱӳи֣Ϻ꣡


1310 
˫ǵΪ˾ͽ誵Ļýȥĳǵÿһֻĳ⻹ýѡΡ
һսΪҪܿ죬˾ͽ˶ԭ˾ͽ誵ͷǳߣڳ֮£˸ֱ
޳ߣƽƽĨڵĸϢ֡
ϴĿǰʽǷǳ˾ͽ誵ĸǽǣûñ㵹ˡܶˣǳɹ״̬Ͼ˫У˭Ը߶Ϣȫ޳
˾Ϊ˾ͽ׼ģǵҲֹۣųЩˡһλ׷޳ü
޳һ£ȶʵٷҲ޼¡Ǹˡ
ôߣ۾һ޳ϴǷѾ⣿
޳Цܿͻᵽ
޳Ļ˵ûһ죬ݾӭһϢ˾ͽ޳ǰȥ˫ǵ㳡һۡ
ѵ֪Ϣֵܣظ˹㳡ʱ㳡Ѿɽ˺ǵʱҲʵһ
ôôˣӣ˫˶˰ɣ
˾ͽͣ䳡룬һλһ㣬ظŵɫĳۣɫӳ£Եøӳءǳ߲ѹɢѹҳ
һЩ͵͵شЩĿֱ˹ȥһĻʱ¶һЦ޲óȥ˺αƵļ档
޳ڣкȻһȣ˾ͽ誵Ŀ⵭ɨˣĿ֮ྲһƬ
ֳѻȸһ궯Ⱥз׷ֲ²⣬еѾڻ޳ǲѾӡ
ѹҪȥ۵ֵܣǵЦԽԽ󣬶Щۿ˵͵ļһ˲м
޳ڣ˾ͽֺһֳֳһĬһεģ˻Ӧ޳ĵӱҳ֡
˾ͽ誵һ˿мɨһµˣοڣ޳ڣ
ûлӦ˾ͽ誵ϺȻЩҲסͻȻоԼһСһ㣬һϷǸĻ쵰Ȼҷӣ
ɾ˾ͽ誴뿪ʱ򣬵ºȻһ󾪺ţߵĿ˲
˾ȵĿУһӰڿУһһ㣬ɢһΡ
˾ͽһвһšղžȻһ㶼ûһﵽʲôʱǱߵģ˫Ŀһ˲˲ضͻȻߵˣ³֣޳
޳һЦЩع˹֣˾ͽ֡
˾ͽһ̬ɴʱʧ˷ȣƤЦⲻЦؽ˱á
޳״ؽ˺һˡһֱĽ˾ͽֻ֣˾ͽֽЩҪͻ˾ͽֲźá
⻰һ˾ͽ誣˵ɫ޳ĻǺݺ˦˾ͽһơ
˾ͽղԼ׳ն֪һ㶼û޳ߣûģ
ޱؿ޳˵ȴǰӰһۣ޳ѲӰиǶ˼ּɵ
˵ûСʵסϻǸ򵥵Ľɫ˾ͽһɱ⣬ٵġ
޳Ѿھ˵Ͽգ˾ͽңңԡƮɢһɵȻǰ˾ͽγһǿҵĶԱȡ
˻δӸղŵлֿ޳ֱ̬ⷬӾסþ޷
˾ͽ誵ȻľһĻƻ͵һٿ޳жһĨ˼ľ磬һԼˣӦĸǡ
ϸһоһĨ⡣ͬʱеסԼʶõϢֻ֪޳һλǿޣû뵽޳ȻǿܹϢӰ˼
΢ɨµµˣеǿЩˣȻҲ޳Ӱ쵽֣˿ӰУȻлħĺۼ
˾ͽض޳˫клҫһɰɱ৵һ³޳
д޳ĵܡߵ֮ˣȻ㣡
޳ϲɫҪôΪ㡣
㣡˾ͽһ˿ŭ⣬޳ӣǲϣ˷ʱ䣬ֱӴ߶޳ֱ쮹
޳˫һӿѪҺСɢһֵ˸⡣
ѪҺҪһ㣬ÿһϸӿƤһĸţɽ⣬һһ㣬ԡ
˾ͽ誵ȫ򿪣ǳ߲׵Ȼһ֧۵ļܵĿȫѡ
ײǿǿߵĶԿ˾ͽ誺Ȼ޳ֱӡ̧ƣȥһлУֻһֻȭͷݺݳ
䣡׵ĺըܵĿһɾ޴ķˣֻһ¾ͽ˸Ʒڵϡ
ģƾͿǷ𣿡˿һĻɴۣȫš֮£δ˵˾ȻɵȥԿǳǿߡһһλǳ߲ǿߣ
ǿо޳ʱǾزӵֱҪĤһ
û£Ȼû£˾ˣ֪ˢһ顣֪˭ͻȻһԶħģǲִˣ
ǿȣѹѾħǷչȥ±ԶħҪ£˾Լ˵Ļš
޳һֱڿУɫȫ˵һ㡣
Ķ棬˾ͽѾסӣնޱؿ޳ΧȻɢŵѹܵĿһƬҡĳУ͸һ˿ΪȻ
˾ͽͻȻǣؽȷʵ˾ȣ˾ͽ誵һ֡ض֣պϣܹǰȥĳǵ·Ͽ㡣
˵꣬߶һΣ뿪޳ֻǾؿûҲûӭϹά
˾ͽ誸ղһΪԼ̨׶ѡ
ȻһȺĸ֣ĳɡ
޳һȥķҲ˵һ뿪㳡״ȥ
һϢǳУˣֱӳҡ
ȥÿ޳Ŵܣ۵³һѪһȥϴû°ɣ
޳˲ǣһߵϢһߵް˵ñһء
˲֪ʲôźáδַӣȻȥǳ߲㣬ֱ
һ޳붨ѹƼĿ⣬Ц£ңҺԼʲô
һۣûصǣ֪ԼʲôǿõҪЧϴ´ܲǰϢȻ˵ĺ𣿡
޳ǺһЦûн
֮ǰĻ׷ʵ˾ͽ˵úţҲˣ
ţƵ˾ͽ誣ȷʵءһص˾ͽ˹ȥ¿Ż˾ͽ죬ңһɳҽǰ鿴
ӱʶ˰޳ɵģСʵ̫ˣһλ򿴹֮صؽ
˾ͽϳüʵ˵ģ誶Ϊغܣ޳ֻͽ˵أܣ
Ҳһ˿ԥϸ鿴һͻȻ¶֣ʧԣ


1311 
ΣصؽӵʶУһ˿˾ͽĻħټ
ǻħ䣿˾ͽɫɭȻؽ˿ĺС߻ħȻҲ޳Ѳ˸ϵ
ȻѲ˸ϵʱȻһȥֻһɫ뷿ڣؿǡ
˾ͽؿ⼤ŭ޳Ҷ㾹Ȼҳ֣
ɫ䣬ؽҪ޳ĹǷԭˣʹͨãĳĳҲǰٿĪ硣
˵ԩģ֤ݣ˾ͽʵ
صһߵ˾ͽ誣صؽǰһֱܳĴ磬Խ˵ڴӵ¼ҲһֱӵԼżҲٵõһֻû뵽Ƕ˺ˣ
ͻȻ̧ͷۿЩ죬һ˲˲ض˾ͽԸ췢ģҴδ˾ͽκһˣΥԣ
˾ͽЩɶȻδ
˿صؽ˵ףҲ١޳лԹٹϵã㰵мӺ١ҡֻܣδܼʱֹ
˾ͽڶݣ̾˿²㣬˵ףҲһΪãΪҲ⣬˵ɣ˴ν£
˿Ըһ֮
˵ţóһ塣ʱһɼ֮ҿֱӽΧ˱顣
˾ͽһƼӣɫȻһ䡣һߴ߶ֿһ𾪵ʵǴ˵еļڤģ
ǡڤصؽڻԵɺµõ⼫ڤģӦúҵľĺ̡ϣܸһᡣ
˾ͽһ˿ȣֶȻõǡ誶һ绢㣬ԺúŬ˾ͽԲ㡣
ɫؽһľ
ǰı֮ʱ޳ҲûšϢú󣬽£ģԼ뿪˫ǣǰʮǶȥ
ССëȫ˳СɸСë򸺻ĬĬ
պƬԪΪһϢǵ԰ͻȻʧˣ
˫Ǻ󣬽Ӣǡ˫ǵȵȣųǶȺ⵽ͬ¼еĳǼʹرأδס
С˶̸԰ͻȻʧٵ飬ֵĻŻš԰涼ԶŴУŷǳصǧһֱǸǵһءЩ԰ȫʧˣ
һʱ䣬СǸŵ׷ɱ˺ЦǣǾȻ˭֪οȥ׷ɱ
ʼٸ޳ѾȻصУԼĴϣ
֮ǰһЩ԰ȻĶһ˵ķȻ֮ǰЩģᵽÿһϸľ޴ǷϤУٿܣ뽫Щȫ
ǣβ߱ʮǣȫ
ʱڶѻ˾޴ѪҺڣϻҪðһ㡣ÿٽ籬ʱһѹƣö֮Ҳϰֲ緢ϱѹƵĸо
оԼۣÿһλƣÿһζиΣգÿһζܻΪġ
޳һֱעı仯оǿԽԽǿ͵޷ĵزÿһϸڷڣȼյһӳ뼡֮Уʹⶼͬ̿պһ㡣
ħ
޳кȻðһͷֻһ˲ʧҷģ
ٴγ֮ʱѾָ΢΢ֱ۵һ˲䣬Ȼγһεѹ
޵塱ٴγԺУһεһθԡֻ΢΢һܹṩһǿ
屾Ȼܹ޳𶯲ѣһ޴ջֻҲһ˿ֵĸо
ܸоĳһֲ⡰޵С֣Ƿȱϸ飬Ҳ尡ֵпġ
ѵֹʮȻ⸱޵塱ЩйءɴʱĸоȴЩǷȱϸϸ룬˵Ԫлʲôط԰žĳˡ
Ž޳վڴڷչҪļ򡣵ֲŸһ壬ʹýԲۣôˣ
޳תͷɻؿͷԼ壬ͻȻʧЦĬĬؽɣͬʱЩѹҲ
۾ɵϴ֧˰죬ĬĬؽȫȥĶᡣ˱ˣˡô죬оԼϴľ룬Ѿ޷Խĺ蹵
޳Цʲô飿ҿûʲôѾͻƵǳ磬Լӿٶˡ˵Ѿ췽Ǻ£ʱ˳һҲ°빦
˵ţͳһǬݸ
һЩؽӹһȻһӵļƷҩͻȻ֪˵ǺãӣѾŵĲˡȻûжվߣѾд󲿷˲ȡ̬ȡֻҪϴжƾܳˡ
˵ţһֽݸ޳˾ͽйصԱ¶ˡϴ˵Ǵĸʼ
޳ùһۣϵһȦȦ£ɣЩܹΪãŬȡһ¡
Ͼһλߣһһĸ֣ʵڲףֱܹշǶ˵Ҳһ
ͷָ֣ǾȴǿʼЩ˾ͽȥͺá
޳ͷ˼ȥ
һպ˫ǵٴνһεĿֻ֮С̶һգȻв¶ʮλΪϡ
Щߣ˾ͽйϵһʱ䣬Ҷ²޳Ϊûȷ֤ݣʹ˾ͽҲ޿κΡȺڵ۾ѩģǱƽƫġ
ܹȥĳǣֱӹϵλԺĸ߶ȡ֮ãȻһõ顣ԣҶϣԼѺԱ
ڶգһӾ˵ϢʮλߣȻڼͻȻԷΪȻ˳Ԫ򡣶λͶ޳
˾ͽУѾѻָ˾ͽɫһ˾ͽ죺޳ԳˡҲִˡ
˾ͽɫЩʽ򲻿ٳ޳ʵһֱټԷֱ棬¡
Ը͡Ȼλվؽ
㣿˾ͽЩؿһԼֵӣεʵаգ
ɫ䣬ؽԸһԡ
誶ȥɡ˾ͽȻżڤġ
˾ͽ룬ʵ
ȴЦЦӵʱ֪ˡ˷ҶȻ޳ۣ֪ʲô˸ǣʲô˲ǣ
ҹǱСüڤĵı֮ݶסǱ뵽޳ڡ
ڱĿϢ޳˫΢΢һ¡ǼȫǹϤζ䣬δж
й۲һ£Ҳ֪Լľٶӹ޳֪Ҫľֿĸԣ
һವһ±޳ǰѸײڶ֮ƴһƿһźɫವһͶ뵽޳ϡ
޳ԴҪ۵ģҿô


1312 ֫
ɫ壬һڵ৵һЩû뵽޳ڡֻһɲͽȾīɫ
ҵʹ޳ɫǡ
ɢ³֣ź޳Цû뵽ҾȻⶫɣҿҪôߵ
ɢҸң顣⸡ɢֲĶ֮һմ֮
޳ɫһȷʵǴˡ⸡ɢԭһڹżеĴ˵еļƷҩδû뵽Ȼı˳
޳ҵζôЦʵϵıһܡһѾܾˣڿһѩǰܣ
޳ϵȫӷǵֿ֮ЩɫĶ޿ײ룬̼뵽ľ֮С𾪲ѣЩȻŷƣĵֿȴǿǵʴҲԽ
춾֮һţֱ޳ҧ̫ƴѰſƺƽ㡣ÿһ̽ԱմȾĶظա
ܿ죬ĴӶľ״̬Щؽ뵽ѪҺУ뵽ϸ֮Соһ΢΢֮
Ҫֽˣ޳ŬԼпƣһθһЩؾȻıס
ϵЦݽס̵ض޳ǰΣȥɣ
кȻֳһƿ̧־ͳ޳˹ȥһźɫ壬һ㣬žһմ޳ϡ
޳һŸкת״־֡ЩƵõ˾޴һ㣬
޳ǿһΣŸմЩأţЩ˼һ㣬ȫжϸȥ
̹ǵʹ˺ѵľȫ޳ֻоԼǧֻҧһ㣬亹һ
޳ζɣҪٵֿˣûֿܹסɢʹԶʥͶܹ⡣͵ɣЦ
˴ˣк³ġͻȻһ̾Ϣðһ㡣
һݺݵؽϼһ㾹Ȼҷϻ;㣬Ҫٲʶ࣬Ҿ㳹ʧϣ
̾ϢһȥΣٽʱλƵˣһ㶼ǰ緢û˿ȥһ̣һĨ׹⡣
ٹ޳ʱѾһƬ糤ëһ㣬ɢһ˿˿ɫЩɢž綾̼ͽܵĿȾ˾綾һֻɳɽֻһ¾һֻССʬ塣
״ɫҲһݣס壬öϲ⸡ɢĻҪѺԱˣҲǧټƴϼһǶ
޳ʱ״̬˵֮ʣϵĶԽԽŨѾװΧסźɫУ˶Եʹ಻
һһѣϯЩѾ뵽ʶ֮СоԼ弸ƤѾ׹ѣϸңʼ
Ҫ˵ȣʱȴ۶ѡͻȻ۵һ£ѪҺЩѪҺѾȾɺɫɢĶ
ֻһ£ͱȾһɫĶݡ޳˫͹𣬰һҲ֧Ųסžһ±ɢ
ˡһͷһ˲žһ±Ƭɢ򷿼
ƲסؿЦһ˿ǡæóڤģ߶
һɫļ֮৵һӳȥƬռ䡣ֻһ£ͽΧס
ɫ̣޳廯Ѫ궼ס߶͵һӣһһжĩ
޳һξǴɶѾ㣡ĵؿһۿһķ䣬ٴβ̽һȷѾûκι޳Ϣ뿪
ߵʱ򣬼ڤĵļ֮Ҳ֮룬ݻָԭ״ӱѹͻһ¡
ղǲǷʲôˣղڴͻȻоһɺ
ԣ϶顣üͷһõͷӴһͳ˳ȥ
ϴ󣡡һ߿޳ķţȴַ类ī֭һʲôûСӡӣʧظɸɾһᣬ
ڤģôܣֲܻ飡˰ͻͻ࣬ϸ
̽Ѱ˰죬δ޳ϢҪת뿪ͻȻоһ﷢һ˿ϸ΢졣
ѭȥȻֱ漣سһֻɫơԱҲһЩϸ΢춯Щɫī壬Ȼȫ
һйɵơֱۡȡӡ
ֱԼ۾Ȼһ˱ֱͷ֣ʧϴ󣿡
Ǿϳɵ徹Ȼ޳׼ȷ˵ǰ޳
ʱ޳ֻаӣһ룬ΧεЩɫֹϣȻ޳ı飬붼֪ʱ϶ǳࡣ
췽žһ¶ڷڡһⷢɢܵʱȫס
ͬһʱ̣޳ѹʱСࡣϵٶԼӿವģСһ㣬һѪⱻһ𣬿ٵ
Ȼѣջڰʱϡ޳˺һЩû𺦡
ϴû°ɣ˿췽߹ȥʵ
ղŷʲôˣҺŵ˼ڤĵζֻ˰ɣôˣԵˣϴô˵˰죬ȴ޳һ仰ûС
תͷȥȴ޳ؿǰ棬ϱͣһ㷴ӦûС
ͷһ͹żҡһ£ϴôˣǲ˵ˣ
ɻشȻǳĬ޳һ㷴ӦûУؿǰ˫ûн࣬һľżһ
ϴ󣿡ż߹ȥһ£޳ҡһ£Ȼֱֱᵹȥ
æס۾ˣϴ㵽ôˣ
ղŽһĻһõͷǰΪ޳ĲԵʣһϸ룬ʹò岢ͬ޳ֱ壬ղš
֣ս޳ӵһ̽͵һ
ûкôûк޳ôܻ
ˣæ̽ʶһಣ৵һ£ıһɺ⡣
ꡭ꾹Ȼûˣ
ܣϴôܱˣû꣬ô飿ϵҡͷ˫ͨ죬ܣ
ģ޳ѹث֣㻹ôҪȥôʱ䣿һҡ޳޲ֱһ
ҡΣ޳ûһ˿Ӧűӣ½췽гռϵѰ
췽ĽУһжͲÿһ˿ƱƷŴһ㡣һ磬һ˿˿ǳϸѹȥ
ţԲţ޳ˣҲҪҳʹóҲýƴ
ôңȴһ˿ûҵֻЩɫĶһкüΣҲǶȾҿ췽ʱ֣
ʱÿһ֣ľͳһ֡ĵǺԽԽǿҵĻ䣬һɾ޴ĺ̵
Ҫ׷֮ʱкȻһҪٶˣ


1313 ͻ
ҪٶˣٶӾҪˣ͸һ˿Ρ
ϴ󣿡ֱӴӵս޳ǰϸһ£ȴָղһһŵϢûС
ڷתżغϴ
޳һ˿ҧгݵζ
һȻ޳ղŵĻһ飬
췽ѸС뾰Сͬһʱ̣ЩһСһ㣬Ĵߡ
ǻγһƴСˡ
۾һ˵ؽеϴ󣿡
⾹Ȼ޳꣡ȻѿЩȷʵ޳ûǰ걻ɢֱǣԲž첻Ϣʱ޳ϢǳŨ
ǰС޳꣬شս塣·һϡ䱦һСľͽˤˡ
޳ҲûԣмȵԼʱһԾ৵һʶ֮С
һ̣ԭľ޳˫գһ£˫˫Ŷ΢΢һںϣԭһ
Ȳϴ󣬸ղŵ׷ʲôˣŵмڤĵζֵܻ˰ɣ
޳ҡҡͷϿ飺ǰɽǿš
ʲôɫǼһֳˣģ겻ɢ׶ʲôղſ湻յģ
ǺǣøҲ㲻޳ؽȷʵøлҪղһ͵ϮҲᷢһ⡣
ǰһֱԼ޵ǷȱһֱûҳڸղţԼȻûԶϣǷ˼
룬ֻһܡǱ޵ԣ꣬ȴ˾ţ֮òžֵֻһߣ;
ꡣ޳ͻȻ³֡
ʲôꣿֵʵ
޳Цһû˵һ԰ջҵõ˼ĴʱѾԶħʡֻһûеõǾꡣ
˴죬һ䣺̵ģò˻ˣ
ղŻԼϴǹĻָ״ȻΪ޵ԵʣȻ뵽ղûĿ¡
˶ˣĬĬؽĵ췽뵤֮УܵĴȻǣ˱ˣ
޳Цؿεؽղһߣ췽ȻҲô塣
һ壬Щ˼ؽǺҲ㺦㲻ܹꡣ
޳ڰ֣ްֻЩȽ鷳Ҫʱ佫
⵽ʲôȻܽ˳
޳һۣĵ³֣ɢ
Բۣһ߸ߣ৵һԶֵؿ޳ڵ壺ȻģҸղžȻˣ
˵ţ͵˦Լ֣մȾʲôһ
޳ЦҪմȾˣڷҲˡˣҪˣˣҪչء⼸˾ͽȻûϢȲҪɢȥǰзأֵǶעⰲȫһ
һ̸£ɫһصͷã
ߺ޳뿪ݣһƧ֮أʼֻ⸡ɢ뵽һ㣬ʮ
Ԫ飿Ԫû޳ŬһǲҪ죬ʱѾһֻȥ˾ͻһΣա
Сӣⶫɲð찡õԪ飬Ȼ
ڳˣ޳þûԪ齻̸ʱŷԼʵһֱҲ
ʵҳˣüǷû㡣ԪȻһؽ͸һ˿ɣ
޳һ˿ԾüʵôˣԪʲô⣿
Ԫʱް뵽Ե顣ԪЩ˸еؽ
޳֣Ƶʵôˣ
˵ţкȻһʵǲǼʲô
ԪȴʵؽԵʻᣬҲԵ֣Ҳá⸡ɢҰɣƾǳʵҪķá
̫ˣ㡣޳Ҳûȥģߴٵ
ɣҲҪԪ۷ʲô飬㶼ֿ֪ܵԪǳһֿҲͻ顣Ԫһ
޳һʼЩ֣Ƭ̺˹Ԫ龹ȻֱӽԪԪ֮С
¡¡ĺ޳һƬڰԪΰΧסڶУֻܵǿˣ֮⣬һжľˡ
ү濴ҵʣȻõҩˣ޳Ҷſյ¡
µϵسˢ塣һ飬һδΣȼյغҪըһ㡣ʹ£ܷһ£ֱ
޳оԼ˺üֻأֱɢװ룬˶һ
ԪȴûҪֹͣ˼ЦȻˣ˳㽫⸡ɢҲһ°ɡԪү֪һֵҩ⸡ɢ
𣡡޳ֱ֣ҧһסĸɢ
СӣԽԽˣģϲԪٺֱЦͬʱжͣ´߶Ԫ
𡱣ʵǸɢ֮һֳҩܹǳ۷˶ܵشƵǳ̡Ҫкĸɢ˵ҪһλתϡʵʵȴҪת޷пƳɹ
ʱǡ÷Ԫץסᣬͣ
޳ųȥץһٵĳ嶯εذסɢԪ룬Ǹɢʵ
ԭɫĸɢý޳Ҳӿֳһ󼤶⸡Ҫɹһǿɱﵡɱһ˾ͽ誣һžˣ
һһҹԪſԪͣವһ·޳ĵ֮ڣؽԪүˣþûˡڣⶫǳˣȻƶҪˡ
޳ʧЦ˱˻ԡ
ϵĸϸ۲һ飬ⶫȻһϢûСԽɫζȴԽǿֲ
ⶫɵպˣǼȱ۵ĿȻй¶ȥǶ鷳һҪæȵĳҡԪ鶪һ䣬ȥ
ĳǣ޳һ𣬶ĳǸӺ֮ǰѾܲ鿴ԪʮȷʵûĴڣһģֻĳˣ
һĨݹ⣬ȥĳƲɵ򵥵Ϣһʩչص˫УһУǱƿڴ
˾ͽʵ̫ˣŲȻɱһΣʧ˶ֵܣ
һʵɷŽ٣벽ǳش
޳һ٣һ˿⡣ǰ׼һ£ǿʼ
ϴˣ˷ܵվ޳´һѡ
޳ͷȥֵǶ⼸ʽ˵һ顣
ǰ˵һ顣ǰΪ˾ͽطų޳ϢЩȺƶǷǳ
޳һ£Ըȥ
磬˫ֱһϢǳ޳սǳ߲˾ͽ誣սȻǰ㳡


1314 ս
һʯǧˣսϢķзе𾪵Ҫ˾ͽ誼ˡ
㲻˵ѾⷢսǺˣ˾ͽվǰ
ɫǳѿŬʱϸڻһ飬նؽɢϼڤģ޳èоˣܻšһƣҪȡֶ֧ѡ
ɢһŵ˾ͽ͵شӵվһĨȡȴ׸Ĺ
û뵽Сôö˾ͽѾǻɾˣ϶ЦֶĪ֣иɢ뼫ڤģ޳ǲҲӣһ̣ǷǴ򲻿ɣ
˾ͽȴδԡԣһΣӦսôһ֤ʵĻᣬܰװ׹öԷ˺ô
Ҫˡ˫зôһ仰˷ܺͽŵӣ˫ǰնʼޱڴ
Ԫʮ˸սһΣվôһˣ˵һ¡
У޳꾰Ļ㱨һ˼ȥ֪ͨ˾ͽ׼ˡ
۾һЦԭ⣬ˡҶЩȲˣ
һ磬㳡ͱΧˮйͨһԴŵضǰ
ˣˣͻȻغһ˲Ӱֱ죬৵һ³ڹ㳡롣
˾ͽҵˡվǰ˾ͽ誺Ⱥվڣ벻עⶼѡ
ߣվ˾ͽϣ˾ͽ죬Ψһˣһλɫ۵ӡ
λһѡʲô޳һͬġ˵Ѿ뿪ôֻˣۼϳǺɫӣֵؽ
飬ܹģСѵ
ʱȺһ޳ˣ
ֳʱѻȸ˶Ϣӣһ˲˲עŹ㳡롣Ԥ֮еĵǳδֻ֣һȺ˺Ƶȵͣڹ㳡ϡ
˾ͽ誽Ǵһۣмʵ޳أ
ϴǲӦ𣿡ģɵػص
˾ͽΪɼ䣬ʱˬࡣȻ޳ʵĳǡ
۽ķӦУЦȴװһĪıʵ˾ͽӣĪ治֪Ҽϴ˵ˣϴν۲˾ͽ֮󣬾ָоΡ
ʲôδ˵꣬˾ͽ誵ľ͵һϢǣδȫſԾͻȻһ󲨶һȭͷͻȻֳ˹
ȭͷֺֿݣһ޵еɱ⣬һ¾ͽ˾ͽ誻δķƣصıϡ
һɲǣѪСһ㣬৵һ˳
˾ͽ誳ʹűӣ˫𣬺ݺݵضǰˡǰ֮޳ʱһֻ̣㾹Ȼ͵Ϯ
޳ޱؿʵ͵ϮԼչҴ˵֮ǰѾ㳡룬𣿡
ǰɡ˻һʱһ󾪺˾ͽ誵ϸһһ
һԵ˾ͽֵ޳ɫʱ࣬ѹԱߵô£㲻˵𣿡
ɫ˾ͽ컹ҪѿҲ۲죬ŵ૵ܣôܣ궼ûˣôܻˣ
һ¾ˣԭ϶飬Ȼ©߷ߵض޳еĺҲƲס
޳ȻתͷһһԵϿҵЦһλϧͷüڤס꣬Ȼ޳Σڽˡ
㡭ɴۣѪӿ۵һ³һѪûιȥ
޳㡭õĺܣ˾ͽôһˣҧгݣֻ˵ôһ仰
޳һۣûн֮ǰȷʵľٶҪǼڤĽס汻ɢ׷ֽˣ
޳ȻˣѾսҪ˷ʱ䣬ȥһս˾ͽ˵ͬʱ˾ͽֱ뿪˹㳡롣
˾ͽȥ֮ʱһ޳һĨ˼δֱͣ뿪
޳ȴȥһ̣ͻȻ֣ź޷˾ͽһȭ߹ȥ
㣡˾ͽű۾ߵؽ޳ʲô˼б¾͹
޳תؽҲûʲôֻЩֵյϢѡҪǴһȭͽɢˣǱ㣡
ôĿ˾ͽ課мشЦ˵󻰿Ҫ㣡
˾ͽ誻δ˵꣬޳ֹ˹òͣ৵һºˣܹĹ
޳ϣ˫΢ţһСһǳ߲ǰɣſ£
Сӣ˾ͽ誳ױŭϢٷ৵һ±ɲǼ䣬ıǳһ㣬һſŲõĹŻգΧơ
ɲǳģӾȻѾǳ߲ɲǳһţΣ޳ǹǺ˫ĿƵضǲõĹţ۵ؽ
ɲǳΣŲϴǰȫȻ
˵ʲô޳˲һǳ㣬츳ǿھԵʵǰҲ𣿡
һ䣬Цôϴģ
ľͶģҳһżƷҩôҶ𣿡ҧͳһű̳ĵҩ˵
ҳʮżƷҩЦеͳһƿк˭Ҫģһʮ
һ£˲ٹۿΧ£ȥע㳡룬޳ֻǾؿ˾ͽ誵ġɲǳɫ壬һ˿¶
˾ͽΪӣֱֱس޳ʩչǧ٣϶ţһʱ֮䣬˾ͽ誾Ȼ޷׷
˾ͽ߲ѵʱ޳ԼþǱµòˣ͵ͣסӣ˷˾ͽ͵سȥ
쿴޳ˣ
ȥ⣿Ƿ𣿡
ǵľ̾Ÿշ޳ǱȴͻȻ˱仯Ƭ㳡ɲǼƱʲô޴סһ
һӰһ㣬৵һ³ӡڴҲĿУЩʵֻһһӰ
Ӱǣö࣡мǧɣ˶ˡЩҪȥıע
˾ͽΧһȦ֮УĿ䣬ؽûȻԶħйϵ
޳νؽҽ޳ҵļڶиĸʲôħħкθϵ
ߣƱ磬һķӰܳסôģȷʵЩ͡˾ͽ˵ͬʱѾ۳ɲǼ䣬ƵĹŸ
޳һ䣬мЦķϻ̫ˡ
һ˲һһǿޱȵ৵һ±ųֱֱ֮С
ˣһͬһ㣬졣һ̣һƬһƬɱ¾ֳ৵һϳǧƬ
ȫˡ⻹ֻǿʼ޳ſ˫ۣһХ৵һ£Ҽɫȥһҫ۵Ĳʺһֱ
ģˮǡ˶ˣ˳µɫȫˣ룿
ģˣ϶ǷˣҪɵģ˾ֲѣһ˲޳ľٶŵó
ֻǧӰ棬ҲһƬ㳡С


1315 ʥ
㳡УƺƵʮվǰˣһ۶ͷ
ģǲΣЩʶһҪιȥģ
ڽ죬󺰵ûע
Ѻ޳Ӯ
ҲѺ޳˵̬䣬׷ת˳롣
㳡޳ȴһɵȻؿǰ˾ͽ誡
еܹͣȷʵ١ʵǱߣǿҲÿ֧Ŷã˾ͽؽ
Ȼû¶ȴʵ𾪲СôһƬܵĿռȫסҪֻȴ޳ͱ
ƴıһıҪСһ֣
޳ǣؽиܵʹ
ʲô˾ͽͫ͵һŵض޳һ̲ʱòʧг
ʲôǿУȻһϢûУֱ췽ҹ̷һ㣡
֪޳ġ޵塱ǿ֮ЩǲҪǽĽ͡޳ǽĽ͵첻ĵز
̫ˡӮúûɾ͸С޳ؽڽܺһ㡣
˾ͽ誱ѪӿѸٽô࣬ҪҷĻħ
˵ţ촽ȻضһƮħһ㣬˲价Ƴ޳Ʈ
һħ䣡޳˰УЩħַȻܹ˿ٵƮȻǿ
һȻ৵һ½Χס
أħײһ޴ĺܵĿһ¡
ʲô⶯ôЩԾ˿ͻȻһ£һ̱ʧȥ˶ȥһ㶼ҡ
ŸֹоˣҶѧŰɡģؽʵҲؽ
ת˾ͽаһõϢ˵޳ֻת۷ɸղһѾת
ٳɣȫӿ߶ħ䡣ֻһɲǣЩַʱһ࣬һСɽһ㣬ֱֱس޳ѹ
һ֪Ȼʹħ䣬̫ˣ޳һĨ⣬͵һһɸӰȻ
ħɱ˾ͽǹһĨЦ˫͵ǰһƣһػħɽһ㣬¡¡ڡ
һεѹ˲佫ܶס޳ֻоʶһʹƱһ㡣
ɫһ࣬תǽ䣬ǿķͻơֻǲôһҪ
޳һ䣬ϵϢ͵رǣһҫ۵Ľ৵һ½סһڵ̫৵һϢע뵽С
䣡޴ĺֻʵһ޴޳
ǧӰ𶯣ڵˮһ㣬͡ŽıǣҲˮǴߣһӲķһ㣬৵һ½ס
ꡭǿĻħĲֳһ˿˿Ѻۣžһ³Ƭ
ۣ˾ͽ͵صͷһһѪ۵˳
ղʲôħ䣿ڽ⳷ȥһɲǣǡƳıĻ棬ɫ䣬
ʲôôܣǽ䡭˵һ룬뵽֮ǰûħ߻ħ˾ͽ٣͵ס죬˵Σʱ˾ͽ˫ǣǲΡ
㳡룬˾ͽ誺ݺݵĨȥǵѪض޳޲ýң
һֱʵȻǾϲ⣡˾ͽؽ
޳Цͽоϲ⣿˾ͽýָõۣ
㣡˾ͽ誱µƿԣ߷ߵؽвѪˮµȻˣҾͲ飬ҵĳ;
ϣܹлþȫ޳Ц͵ڿգһֱӥһ㰿ڸ߿աͬʱǧ৵һ¾£˲ڡ
˾ͽ˫ΣһУȻ͵سһХһͷŭĹһ㣬৵һ½ϵȫ˳ȵ

һ̶ľ޴Ƴգ̼̲סԴ˾ֵĿУһһɶ೤һ߶ɫƿնȵͣ˾ͽͷϷ
ʥ
ģǡʥָǱƯ쳣Ưʥʱ֪֮ǰ˾ͽõǱѹֻһðƷѡ
޳˫һУǵĽ
˾ͽɫһ޳Բ⡣ֽ̧У޳ɣ
޴Ľ৵һ߶೤ϵĹâΪעһεѹವһ½һƬա
޵ѹ޳弱תǧɷವһ´ܳסͬʱȻע뵽ǧɷ֮С
ڹⷴ
޳˾ͽȣ
һ
ʥ֮⣡
ˡ޴ĺƬضԶյϺƶ̴һ㣬лɳ
һʱ䣬ƽرɫ籩һ㣬ϯ
ʥ޳˫΢΢Щղһڷ顣ǿʶܴ˾ͽ誼ʹʵ࣬Ҳֵô
Ȼ˾ͽ誵˫ֶñ޳Ҫҧ׼ڵڵĵҩŲġ
һ̣ͬʱ𽣣ŶԷȥ
һ
ʥ֮⣡
ֱܷɳʯΧЩ޹Ĺڣ㱻ĴܵĽ䴩
ͻȻдһϸ΢һغɫĶϽֱֱ׹С
޳˾ȻЩӦǸղѺ޳ЩߣɫЩѿ
ʥȻʥһת޳Ǳѹܼôãʵˡؽ
ĸͻͻһ£ɫ˵עע˭ҪѺģ
Ѻ˾ͽ誣
ҲѺ˾ͽ誣
ΧѺȻ죬ɹ㳡ȴͻȻ˳š޳ڿУ˫Ŀգ˻þ֮һ㡣Ķ棬˾ͽɫȻƽȴ˿ĵط
ղһֳһת߳޳ĸС磬ſն޳ѡ˵һ޷Ҫʱ޳ӵͬ᲻һ£
˾ͽ誵һĨأɱٵӶ޳ɱȥ޳
ʮǵע뵽ʥ֮Уֻһ£ʥͱ৵һȥֱֱس޳
޳ûһ㣬Ŀգʱһľ磬⽣˸
Ȼоһɱ⣬͵ۣ³֣ռ
أɲǼ䣬һν৵һ´üһһֱֱײʥ
޴ܵĿռ䶼̴ȫס䣬ֱӹڵϣеĶѪֱ
ɲǼ޳˫ͻȻһ͵غ޷죬ɱ
أһ貵Ľವһ´üֱֱسʥһʱɲһ㡣
ɲǱɢƮɢëһ㣬֮ͻȻϨֻһһɫĶϽղǰ㣬৵һ·䵽档
ϡˣʥˣ
˳׾ǴµʥȻˣ


1316 ǳ˲
µĳĬǼֵ㳡ʱը˿˹˵׼
ʱغעע
ͷڷֲԾ뽫һ٣ⲻǿʥնˣ޳
Զս˾ͽɫһƬضŹ㳡룬˫ȭţ̱ӣҪսܣ˾ͽҿɾˣ
˾ͽ誵ɫѾڵøһһ˲˲ض޳ͷһɺ⡣޳սʵڳϣȫƭˣ
޳ؿ˫һŽ৵һ´üʵʵĽ⣬ͺһ⽣Уֱָ˾ͽ誡
ڸղ˾ͽ誻ƴһɲǣȻСмޣ޼УʵʵҲȴʵʣܹſһʽܹ޷죡ǧɷϣľȴԶ
̵еĹ⽣ðѹȻȸղŵʥҪǿ
˾ͽ誵ɫһ䣬Ȼһɾ⡣һĴȻˣ
һʮ꣬˳쵽ڣû飬һֱǸ߸ϣֻȱñ˾µķݣʱˣǿҵܣһŭһ±γһǿ籩
ֻһɲǣһҫ۵һ´˾ͽڱһ˲䣬Ϣֱ߱ǣڽ
ǳ߲סнס۷壡ǳ˲㣡
һϢȻֱֱ˰˲㣡ҫ۵һĻһ㣬ȫ
ǿͻƣ޳ɫһеһӦǼľڵġսߣֶַΣ
ԶһĻ˾ͽСؽģֻҪսʤ޳Ա֤ôȥ֮࣡
˾ͽ˫ۣϣ㲻ҪʧȻԪ֮أ
ǣͷǡ
㳡룬˾ͽ誵˫ѾǱһƬܵӴڣ˷ܲѡĸоֻܸܵҪһȭܽռ
޳һжɣ˾ͽͬʱ߶Ѹתȫеڲ³һ֣ã
ʱһַ৵һ³Уٱǣ̼ͳͬɽһ㡣
ڵħ䣡
ƿ죬ַವһһַС˵һַٴαǣʮɸߣǵصس޳ѹ¡
ǻħ䣿һΣ˶һ̣Ǳ㱻𾪵ϢһС
˲˼زĤݣ˫Ѿܾúܾòֹһǳ˲ĸ֣һǾȻﻹǲ˽䣬Եǰ㰮ʲôʲô
Ѿ뵽һĳǣȻԽһǿеǿߣһΪ˫⡭
ǵû뻹ûȫ򿪣ͱ㳡кȻֵıʸϡ
ֻ㳡룬޳͵һӰεصסǾ޴Ļħַ
üıһ⽣ǽɫĽ৵һȥһ˲üҲһ⽣
ǧѹ⽣ȥ롣Ľϱǣᣬƽڽ
ģҿʲôȻַʽ
ôܣôܽ
ǵ۾޲ֱ嵽н۲һ£ǲϱǵϢ⽣Ȼ
ǳ㣡нס۷壡Ĳ㣡ٶͻȻӿ죬鲻Խغ㣡㣡߲㣡ˡ˲㣿ģ˲㣡
䣡
һ޴ĺʵʵڵİ˲৵һײħ棬һǳײһ㣬ҫ۵Ļⱬ䣬֮һжޡ
ҿܣƬ㳡ʱ˼ҶֵĴɢ
žһٻ췽ʱһ˺ůıܷۣһƷҩһˣ
㡪˶ֳûٵС˺޵أһƷҩʲô
յҩյԴҽ֧Ų˶ã
òѪеֱóŲѪĵҩһЩעά췽
㳡룬Ľһϱɢ޴Ĺ⽣ڻħ֮ϣ߲ڣأΧȶ
У޳۾ҷ衣ɫһ棬˾ͽɫҰףѪһ˵ӡ
ǿͻƱͼԴټ޳ǧӵһϼϡʱվѾǳ˲
ô£Զ˾ͽ쿴һĻͷʱһһץһԵʵ㲻˵һʧ誶ô˵ģ
⡭Ҳߺޣû뵽޳Ȼǿһ䡰Լûùֵ˭ںջȥ
㳡룬ʧЪ޳ޱϺȻһЦ⣬̧֡
˾ͽɫһԵؾҪڿӶݡ
ӣ޳һ䣬Цٶȱȵùҵǧ𣿡
˵ţһһ˲˾ͽǰơ
Ҫʲô˾ͽɫ͸һ˿
˵ҪֱӴſڵأ޳˵ţȥȭͷһȭ˹ȥ
ǿһ̣ͻȻȥ߷һε
˾ͽ쾪ֵغ鷢֮죬˾ͽͱһѪ
޳ؿԼ֣󻺻ҡͷЩεؽ治˼ˡ
ۣ˾ͽ챯ߵؿѪȥ
һԵ֣ôҲǰһĻļƻȫգһΣ˫ǶԴȥ
ܣͷ޳ѾĿԼǱһ׶һ㣬Ȼ㱻ڿС
ɫһݣҲ˲৵һ±ơ
˻δ޳˵ľٶлֱԶͻȻƸˡ
ǸȻǳ߲ģ⵽ôˣ֮ǰֻѣˣлɣǲǵʲô˲õĻþ֮У
ӣ޳˫һУǧ˲䱬
룡˫һһɵһҧ৵һ½Ȧ޳ӹҵס
ԭֻһСĽȦ৵һ¾ͳһ˶ߣֱֱص޳ǰһܽռǿһɲСطסȥ·
޳ɫһɱһ±ǣǽȦȻҲű
һĸ֡ƣ׹ѹȦôǿȻзƣ
ģۿȥȻһ취ûС޳ڽȦϡȻץˣǾⶫ
ԶܵȦѶϢɫһǴʱ򲻸ҷɻȥᣬֻƴǰɶݣ
ɾҪӳ֮ʱǰȻһǿϢδӦײһӲޱȵĶ͵رȥֱֱط档
ֻͻȻһֻ޴ƣžһ½˻


1317 
ͻȻһĻֳһĬ޳ҲǴ˴ûȦС
ĵðǣãȻĹˣðŻع񣬵ʱðɣòȥ
ˣȻһưΣܴ裬ŭգ緢ѿҰһ㣬̳
ʧȥǵش󺰣˭ָӳ
žһƣžԵĿƮƮ¡̺ȴݵֻֿһϢͽĴڵϲܶ
֣޳ϲ̧ͷѰ߿գȻһĨɫӰֳǵȻ鲻׺˭
ǡҲ׺һ޳ķӦʱ˫Ŀɺ죬Ҫ˵˵ʲôȴҧҧȥ
úǰͻȻڣʲôˣԺһת´ӻͳһ৵һչ
ʱһ׹Ȼһ¾ͽС
ӣ޳״ϣüĽһһҫ۵Ĺ⽣ವһֱֱز׹֮С
ɫ޳һŹ㣡
˵ţһҧ۵³һͷѪֻһ˲ǰ׹Ⱦ˺ɫһεѹ৵һ±ΧγһĿռ䡣
ǿռ֮УʱѸŤתת˵һͻȻǣʢϢֻһ¾ʹʧڿС
Ϣ޳һ˿Ͳ⣬ղƺܵϢôܣǴѾƣﻹУ
ʧķ򣬰ҧֻûܽ£ԺضǸĸ󻼣תؿڷĽȦȭͷݺһգ˹ȥ
һ޴ĺײǽȦСڻһֻͨӰСҲҶ޳𣬶ת׺ȥ
֡Ļδ˵꣬׺Ȼ֣һֱƿնȥ
޳һæʵǷʲôˣ
׺ûнֱֱԶնȥµľţһƼ⸱龰ż׷ϴǸ
ĳǣ׺³֣޳৵һʧ˿С
ĳǣһһϲֺǺǵӦ֪ˣתȥսƷ
һĻһĻıʣ⽹ۣþòܻ˾ͽѹףҵ誶޳ˣ׷޳йصˣȫɱ⡭ôˣ
˵˵ţȻʹסԼĵŵˡһ˲ļӺӣҲȫסʹذ
˾ͽʱ󾪣æӣȴòʹȥĵﾹȻĶأЩ綾һ㣬ĵζֱֱľꡣįǸȴֻңѹ
ǡ˭ɵģ˭˶˾ͽɫҰףĳ类˱һ㡣
ߺҪʱĵ֮УȻ˶һ㶼û
⵽ʲôʱ飿˾ͽ˶ˣæĹˡȴ֣Χ˵״ҡǳ㾳磬΢ֵһ£ļӣʵҪԶ࣬ʱѾɫʹ
ȻĿƲԱһˣ˶ʹһ͵һʵΪ£
˾ͽڷѣ̧ͷؿ˰죬źȻ¶һЦݣʵӦûԼɣ
˾ͽ㣿Աߵļλ˾ͽ϶ʱôˣԼ˶㲻ú
˾ͽȻҲһ£ݺݵЦؽֻҵݣûɱ֣
˾ͽִ̧̼֡৵һȥ˾ͽ÷صˤϡ
˾ͽǰһһ̤˾ͽؿڣҧгݵؽٸһ飬Ҳ֣ûб㣡ȴԲ㻹ǵôǣȺ쵰ر
˵ţվɨһ飬ͻȻЦСҸĸܾ衣ô֧꣬һȥΨһɱǱ͵ô꣬ڸѰ˻ᣡ˾ͽ죬Ķȥɣ
ӣ߱ɱ֣˾ͽ˫Ŀѣһ˵һ߰д߶ҪԱЩ˾ͽĵǣҲȫҪ
˾ͽǵķӦмؽҴʮ֮ǰǵʳ¶ֻʹҩ߶˶ѡãǻܻ𣿡
ʲô˾ͽͫ͵һŵؿԼӡʮꡭʮꡭ㾹ȻɱģãõĺܣߵǲҲ㺦ģҰģŰɣԻ㣡
ϧ֪̫ˣˣ·ɣ˾ͽؿſڵϸһĸףôԹڵⷢɢޱȵʹ죡
ñȻָоһǿĿ飬ۿһȣҪ޵ĳ嶯ϣ˾ͽ켸еĶؽȾ鴤ֹһʧȥ񾭵ľ綾һѾȣ
ۣ߿ѪĿ˾ͽһۣ߳һ֮৵һ¾ͽǵʬͬ궼յһɶ
Զ߿һĻ𾪵ͬʱȴĬתͷ˾ͽĿŵ֮߱٣ȻѾıһС˾ͽҾʣһˣǿɲҸһǿʵķԣ
ĬĬջߣԼֵܶżһæͷղһɣʵ׬һʡǼƷҩһǬ˵ʲôС
֣ϴȥĳǣô죿
˵һۣɸֵؽôôǵȻʰսȻȥˣȥͳһ֧ߡ
ǰһս˾ͽɥʧټ˾ͽͻȻƹɱԼ֣óʵͷʱһߵ޳˵֮ĴӮҡ
ȥĳÿһǵϣ޳Ͼ󻹲һˣ˾ͽҲ޶һˣΪһѡ֡
һҲ겻ѣ̾˾ͽݵģ죬֮
һߣ޳׺ţֱӷĳǡȥ·;Զʩչҹɳֱۣŵصĳǡ
Ҫ˵Ԫĺʲôɱĳǡ˵Ѿʮ꣬ޱȣǧ߽룬ܹųģ޼
Ǵ˴ҪȥģԪһֱѡǿ̽գϣܹеܡ
޳еģλеǸԴȥĴԪĸײл꣬絶Ȳȥɽҵʯ
֣Ϊ˼ȵشĳǲ֮ʱ޳ڵÿѯʵ
ǣ׺һηǳϣҪǳ㣬ʵ
޳ϳһćӣһｲҲֱӡֻǡ
ҾƴҲô̵ʱ޵ǳ㡣
׺һۣȴԭҷһʺ㡣
˵ţͻȻת򣬳һ߷ȥ޳һæ֮ȥ󣬵ǽһСǧ磬ǰľʱ˳顣
ǡѪ޳ǰڵѪҺһʵⲻһɣ
׺ؿһۣƺܹôϵܾȣȴ˵һʧĴ𰸣ǡ
޳ʱЩɥѯʣȴ׺Ȼƣžһ¾ͳԼ˹


1318 
޳͵ؽؿǰ·ԽͻȻֳͷõĻģһɲǣԼɣȻôࡣ
һ̣ͱǰУصˤѪ
˻ʹŸһ룬޳͸оһʹ·ҧһ㡣
Ѿ˽ղĵزǾȻǱʹ亹ֱðѪĶжǿͨһ۳Ѫˮɣ
׺վڰϣһ˲˲ض޳ľٶԭ΢΢̧ƣƼ޳Ȼʱĵط˻ȥ
֣⵽ʲôȫˣ޳ʹòϵصָоǸһ԰ʱ
׺³֣ͬʱϸ۲޳ķӦĿ˼͸޳ʲôһ㡣
޳ëȻžʹɢע֣ôⶫģеʲô
Ѫ׺³һ֣Ȼ̧ƣһָĻһӡʱһѪ˳
׺УѪ˳ȥ
δ𡭡ܵͻȻʧһ㣬ֻʣѪҺеһʯͷص޳ͷ
޳ֻоڵѪҺҲȻһѪһѪҺһӣ৵һЩʺҺ塣
Ƭ֮УЩɫҺ۵ðһѪݡǲϵӿ뵽޳ڣƵͻͻƤѾȫ˺ɫ̵ð̣պһ
Щʲô޳ҧгݵʵЩҺ壬ȻҪѪҺͬһ㣬ϵ룬ȻѪҺںһ
Ѫ׺һͣ룬˵òǺףּһ䣺Ѫ
ʲô޳һĨâЩʮѪҺԣⲻǱѪҺɣ
š׺ؽ
޳еһӦǡѪҺ˵ľһǱѪҺ̺֪
·оʹʱ࣬岻ٵֿȫЩʹ˵ĥһĥһܣҪҲܵǿ
׺ع۲һ£ްתȥæԼȥˡЩ鿴ﾹȻһ޳ܹǶʵкܴİ
޳У̥һ֮ʱĳҲԪʮǵĸѾѡγ½뿪ĳǣΪ׼
˫ǣǵѡȫһͬ뻮һޱȡÿһǶиԵݣһר˽Ӵ
˫ǵ飬ĳǼ˾޴̣Ҳʵһ¡ŵؽ̵ģȫԪǲǶܵˣôôˣ֪ҽȫˣ
˾ͽº͵ЦЦֻغʵ˶ಢûжϵ
˵Ȥ˵ȥֻҪǳܹҲ֪᲻иı䣿
˵áĲÿ궼һȥǰ궼һҲ֪Ρ˾ͽЩǵؽ
ҪûԼϿɡϿɣҪܹͨĲšֻﵽϿɵĳ̶ȣܹ롣˵۵ǣŵҪÿ궼ڱ䡣
ǲŸɣѵû˵𣿡˵ĶԻ߹ֵؿһۡ
Цݣʵָ̨ʲô
ŵı׼˵ţȻһЦ֣СһżƷҩһϢ
һĨˬͳһżƷҩɽ
ޱȣ˫СؽǿԲĵҩҪ֪⼫Ʒϡ٣ƬԪҲǺܶ࣬ÿһóһѾҵײ
Ͼ޳üƷҩΪˣ֮١
˵ı׼ʲôߴٵ
˿ҲӣٵģǲаˣȻҪǳܹͨ
ʲôǾ˾ͽ𾪲ѣɫ
˻ĵҩʵֵܣûЦɣ
ȥǳһ㣬磬׳նţ
ƭʲôûϷˣؼء̵ģƴƴͻƵǳͨѡΣû뵽Ȼһŵʱ˻ǹģ˵ţҩһֵˡ
û׷ȥֻ㶵ؿǰǳ㣬ǳһԴҲȥҪǺã
Ȼ뵽޳Ҳǳѣǡ
ʱżѣܽǱ㲻ȥǡȥһҪҵ޳ôȽϢ
ߺ˾ͽһֱ㶵վԭأޱȡɱ˸֣õ˾ͽǧټƲܹĳǣȴĽ
ҲţҲ÷ش˫ɺһƬҪ߻ħһ㡣
Ҫٲƣͻ߻ħȻԱߺȻһ죬ĵģԵһ㡣
˾ͽ͵תͷڿʱɫ͵һ˵㣿
Ǻǣ벻ʵһֱۣȥ
˾ͽıӰԥһ£ջǸ˽ȥ
һߣȥ֮󣬱㿪ʼ˫ǵֵƼЩϸ̽޳ʧǣѹ˼޳ƴûгֹһ
ܣϴ׺ϲЦˣߵȣһģȥżѡ޳пܻûĳǣͲ֪ű׼ߵ顣
УٵȥûıˣͷˣǵˣĳΧһ顣޳׺ʧһ㣬һϢûС
õģǱûţ˴ˣҲѧײβ˰ɣץˡ
ѰʱһλʮͷͻȻһҲ˵ֻϸؿ
üͷõؿλֵܣδʶʲô
ԣ̧۾һۣĿž޲üһһ欣էһһĸо
ȴ񿴵һû飬ǡ
ͻȻǰӰһ̧ͷѾǰ·ʵʵ
ɫһʵǺ⣿Ҫܣҷ㣡
㻹֪ҵ֡˺Ȼڵ
һ㶣ȻЦ仰ҽЦĻĸܳģô
ȴһޱӣѹûĳһ㡣Ȼֻâһһ৵һס˾
޵ɫһ߶һһʵ㵽ǺˣʲôԩҪҪ죬ҪȵҰ飬һսٻغϣ
ָֻ˳Ĭԣָâһһ˲޵СһӾͽһֻһ㡣Уתߡ
ˣƿڴ̵ģʲô˼б²Ҫסƾ汾´սʹ죡װŪʲôӢۺúιûģ˻㡭%#@#
Ǳظ˵ĻˣҲٿֱӴȥѡһƧ֮أµһ½ڵϡ
ϵ޵һɣŸǰͳһӰ̧ͷһ


1319 ؿ
̵ģǸģȻýŲһҧһȭ˹ȥ
أ޴ײ˶ͣס
ؿŶӣҲһصؿӡ
㵽ҪʲôֻңڿˣСүҳҲ顣˵꣬תߡ
һ˲üͷֵǰӣģ㵽Ҫʲô
ﲻһ仰ҲȫҲ
Ƣá˺Ȼҡͷ
ʲô㻳ԼˣüʵƢòãʲô飿ù
üͷһ壬ҽҲá
㡪ױˣؽҴСûеҽǲãۻ治˼
֪ԷȻ˵ôһ䡣
⵹þЩٴʵ㵽˭סҪʲô
㹻ʸ񡣡˵Ļһһأ˿Цá
ؽŵʸѾ֪ʵͷˡһҪҪæ
ѹ˱ܣǰһһ˹
ȥ㵽ҪĹɸҪȴȻԷȻгһ
õģеıľٻ췽
һ췽৵һ򾰺жһѰζؽԭϡѾ붦ͨЩʡ
ָһȵ̸ͷŭѾƲסȼ߶ȫע뵽췽С
ʱ췽¡¡죬ϱǣȥ
һ߶еķꪣǰݺһʱһɫ৵һ֣赲ס췽Ĺ
ǳ㣡һӵʵԶ֮ϡΣԷҪΪֻս
ϵȫϤע뵽췽СһͷŭȺ৵ϲŶԷȥ
һսȴ÷棬ʹײ˺ۣȻûҪͷ
ӵһĨ˼ͣڰʱͻȻ֣һ䡰ͨˡʧԭء
طŶڣҧгݵ㲻ҪҵȻһ㣡
Ե޹ʱŴһȻĻȴһֱһ޳Ҫٵ飬
һֱѰ޳ʱȴȻ֮СԭҪԵѪˮʱѾʣ²һ߸ߡ
޳ȻѪһƬú̵顣׺֪ʲôطһЩħ޵ľˣһԵص֮С
Բۡ޳һƬʱڵֱҪˣһﻹҪϣ
׺һ㶼ƵģһԵصһټ֡ЩһѪصУͱѪˮѪˮУһͬ޳ڡ
ʹš޳оԼڵľˢظÿһҪҵʱһѹơʼһһΣȻһδμǿ
֪˶ãƾ˼ֻأЩѪҺڱոɾ޳ƵͬһԲѪһƬ
һڵѪҺ̵ðˮֱ¾ڡ
׺һۣȥ㡣һֱʧԭء
Ž˱˱ˣ޳Ѿ²ۡһʼֻ׺һ޼Сӣд˲ŷ֣һѹǸ޵׶ʵɲ⣡мһǿҵս⣬ͷৱǡ
ͬһʱ̣ڵٱǣЩ糤һ㣬ʧǣǺƱĳһ㣬ȥ
޳ǿгɣջ
һͻƻŲôʱ䣬ʹѾ㹻ڸ߾ĸûдﵽǿͻֻ˸ȣ߻ħ
ϸĥһ㿪ʼ붨̫Ŷʱ䣬⽫СٻʵʱԼ
ҹ֮޳Сҡѡ۵ʱоһš
̧Сˡ߰ɣȥҾ
ڳֵ޳ʱֱӿ޳ܹһȭ˹̵ģȥˣ֪֪Ա׼ıˣ
޳ؽ֪ˡߣȥһ¡
죬һѻôںࡣ㶵ر޳ţһƬյϡ
ϴ󣬵׷ʲôˣôе㲻һˣ㲻ͻ˰ɣһųĴ޳һʵ
޳ͷҲصؽûһصһţԭһУͻȻֳһһ˶ߵԲζ
ǣˣ֮ǰǲǶƬСǧ֮УѹҽĳǷ˶û㣡ʵ
š޳ֻǵӦһֱ뵽档
һʱ㾪ؽг֧֧ʵ
޳һۣؽ۹ⲻ
ͨ
ֱӹڵϣȽŶЩϴ㲻Ҫɣ
޳ֵؿʵô£ط֮ǰ⵱С
㡭ѪҺأǶ˰ɣ˵ʼ
޳֣ǵ˵ͷ
ͨ
ֱſ˵ϣɺ̵ģ㵽ǲ˰ôһصѪҺȻˣ
޳ķӦŪøĪüʵôȻ̺ʹ࣬Ҳôܡ
ڵϣס֪̾ΪʲôɢɣⶫǱȸɢҪǧ֪꣬Ԫ½ŵϺŵģҲһ뼴
޳׺濴ȻֱӸ˽
һ޳ӣ֪ʲôüʵ㲻ǲ֪ɣ
޳ӣָѪˮѾˣ滹һЩȥΪ㻤
۾һǸжҲϻֱȥֻǲһصףʹ۽ϴ󣬾
޳ؿһס㿪ʼûʱˡ
֣ʼ
ѪҺ̺żʹ޳ɣࡣһ˵ĺһƴ
մһ޴һϸɵ৵һ
Զճе˿һĻȫ
Сǧ緽ô磿
ӣڶɽٰ
໥һȥ޳һֱȻɫһոնɽϵľߡ
ȥ֮һȺ߳Сǧ統СʱΪ׶ɽ٣СǧŽû򿪣ʹױҵ
ֻǵ˿ʱһȫˡ
ԭӦѪصѪصУֻʣһƬĳصףѪˮȫʧһ˿඼ʣ
ǡ˭ɵģǶˣôʶشǡ
ʱĳУ̻ʵس޳ѾþûнʳԵøӼС
ֱԵ߷ֱпղ̽һԼΪ¿ֻǳ㣬ǲʸȥ


1320 
޳һۣ֪ɣһڳԲɴӣѾˣҪһ̫࣬Լá
ȻǳüؽҪõǳ㣬Ȼѹҽȥ
޳˼һ£ܻа취ġȥ˵
λĵȥҲ벻취Ҳӣһһ
ڶգǸǽ֮ǰĲ֮աʮǴǳĲǺܶ࣬һЩûдﵽҪģѾ뿪
޳ǣһϤӰ
޳һ޳ͳֳһЦݣ⣬ʱá
ǾһѾͷ¶ܾı顣ĿƳһԣȻɨһӰ
ʮ꣬鵭üһź뼸次ǡ
ؽԭϼҵˣҵΪ죡
öҪըˣ֮ǰԴӣȻϼҵˣѹôʶԷشôģ˵Ǿ䡰ͨˡһߣ
磬ʶ˽ֵؿԵӡ
ֻͷصȥɣԿҪʼˡ˵գ̧ǰȥδһۡ
ŶƺĶ磬ԹԹԵظǰȥֻûȻתͷ޳˵Ƥͷһ龫ֵģ
޳ıӰζؽѾͷʵ򵥰
ߣ򲻼򵥹ʲô£ϼңȻҸУؽ
޳ֵؿһ۷Ӧľüʵôˣղйڣ
ɫһƵؽҲ˵Ϲڣ֮һҪϿǽǼһɣ
ţ־޳ЩشȤ˱˵ǰȥ
ϴ㿴ǲ˾ͽôǰ棿ӣǴвԣȻָǰһ˽
޳ȥȻһüȷʵϵϢƺе
ףֵؿȥȴδκüʵʸ룬ԼҲĺܣ˵ΪλҪ
Ϊι޳Цʵ
Ҳٽǰ˾ͽкϾһͬ˫ǣӦһжǡ
ֻδǰʹһʽʼǴѸٵǰϣ
һ̣ǿֵĻǸǴȫǰӿ˴βԣĳǳ֣رأһԴӡ
ʮʣ˲Ǻܶ࣬δʼԶ˳ǳżʵȴ
޳ǵλָԵһƬյС
Χһ̨һɼרŹʹáǲűǽǸ̨֮ϣһСʹ󣬿ɴͽ֮С
ĳǳվڸߴĲǰؿŸڡÿһǶԼλã˫ǱǱ˪ԱߣǷǡ
ǵĴλӢӺһλŮӡ
˾ͽҲһͬߵ˫ǵλã޳ˣǵͷվǰ档
޳뾰߹ȥʱ򣬵Ա߷ǵˣѺõЦ¡޳Ůӵʱȴ¡һ㱣Ϊ϶
״սСǷռҵˣŮģģ˵ʵѾǳ֮ϣ
գ޳һ𣬶Ůֶ࿴һۣδ룬ǰȥ
ǻδ߽ߴߴС޳뵽취ͨû֪һа취ĶԲԣ
޳һЦû뵽ѾͷԼЦûнֻԱߵӣʾڿ
Ϣģͷɥվȥһܵģ
޳⸱ģЩЦƳȴԱŲֵʵôˣٹȥǱ˵λˡ
һĬĬͣס̧ͷǰȥʲôûһ
޳֣ǱѾʼӭǴܹĳǣһεĲԣҲǽղŵ֪µĹΪ˸еܱǸǵһЩ˽ڴֹ
˵꣬ЩԭȱŽĴȥ
δֳ죬ͼֲˡһ£ԼĹ򣬹ˣ˭Ҳ޷ı䣬λ½⡣ĳϻ㲻˵ˣϣλܹˣɹ̽ܹƽߣԪӢۣ
ã⻰һ䣬˹ǧĸʤܹȴ޼ЩˣԪ½һĸ֣
źģδһܹ뵽ĺġǵһܹĶɹӴƬԪԺߣ
ˣʽʼǰ˳ȣ޾ǣŸһ˵꣬һ޳ǰŲȥ
ǿиɣʵûǿءƳһۣӽŲ鸡Щмؽ
ɹ⣬ͽ̡ߵǰһݣߵ£Ŀصȴš
һϢ֮ԭĲźȻ׹һ׵ѩһ৵һ½Χסǰ׹֮УɹĺɫӰ֣Ҫڻһ
Աߵ˿öǽŲѣһ˲˲ضǲš
ʱϿʼһɫŵײֱϴȥᣬһֱϵһ㲻ǡ
ǳ㡢Ĳ㡭ѽôˣ˽ضſϵɫǺɫ͵ͣסżѡ
ɹ⣬㻹ڵʲôԶ޾ǵĵطȻһŭȡ
׹ɹʱһ𣬶͵һȣƣ
ৡϵϢʼ䣬һͷصĿһ㣬৵һ³Ÿ߿շڡ
ô£ϵϢͻȻֵʵ
ѵͻˣ
ͻƵ״̬һеǿʵ˵˵ţͻȻѹȥһֲ²⣬Ҷʱղ
ʮǵУһЩаʱʲôطҿ˸˵
ĳǳҲһֻ۱һֻۡһǺͻƽޣͨ
޳ŴӰ׹д߳ɹ⣬һѾ⡣
˺޾Ҳǰвԣ˳ͨ޾ǳ֮Ӳ߳ʱȻֱֱ޳¶һпЦŴ󲽳ǰȥ
޳һݣԲ⣬Ҳ֪Լʱ룬кȻһȻղɹľٶ
ñڵؽղɹͻȻʵľٶʵֶΡ
黹ɵĽУ޳СѾͷһȥµģʵȻͳǳ㣬ֱ㣡
ӲŵȭͷС޳һҪŶоʲôģҲ㣬֪𣿡
һͷһģ
޳Цؿһۣƾˡ
˵꣬һֱĬ˾ͽȻǰһǵϰɡ
޳뾰һ㶣ӣ·˳
˾ͽ˵һЦݵ̤˳ȥıӰֹСĲԾϴ˵᲻ǡ
⻰û˵꣬ǰȻһԭĲźȻ׹һź৵һֱͥ
ģǳ߲㣿ûɣ


1321 
㾪°ͣ˫۽ضǲϵĺ⣬˫ȴ޳֣ŵʵϴ᲻̫ˣŶ̶նѣģͶ̥Ҳ
޳ɫҲأһ˲˲ضŴǰ׹߳˾ͽһɲõͷ
Ѹܲ鿴һ£ȴûзϢ
ϡ޳룬
ͷ̧ǰȥ˾ͽ֮ʱ߿һۣеĲмһš
ֻûƼȲǰ
Ա˾Ϣʱ˽
СǷ˰ɣǳȥⲻȡ
Ҳʲô֮أ˵ʵ
˲²ⲻϣȴƽȵǰȥǰ͸ŵ׹ĲţȴͻȻƽ
ʱܲͨѾҪҪǰһԣʹ̭Σߵû
ң޳
ϴ㵽ֻľϲأ˱۾һ̧̤ȥ
˵עƺĽŸȥҵĿ⣬ȫ˫ϣ̤ŵУһ׹⽫˶ΧסǵҲ
˶ڵȴ漣
ҫ۵İ׹ⲻϱǣһȻӡǰͨļȣ˿̵ĺطǳûԱһġ
һŬԼ̤ŵһ̣ȻоһַǳľԿյĸо
оԼһƬã֮أǷǳɰȫ˹ֻ̡ܵһɴڣԼϵ֤֮⣬һԵ΢
͵˿Ϣ৵һ˱䶯
ԭЩ鸡ǳƣͻȻӿ󱻲ϺʵǰһƬǺֹͣ˶֪
޳ؿžıֹ֣ͣĺ֮С˳ЦУ䣬৵һ³žȥ
͵һ𣬶Ȼоʲôһ㡣
ϴķӰһͷо޾৵һ³ȫ
оڵϢֱ৵أǣ
ģһϢҲڱǣǳˣ
ڳ᲻ᵽǳĲ㣿
Χ۵Ⱥ̨ϵһУȫò֪ηӦЩ˳ˣǻڵóӶˡ֪ҲҪȥһԣһǾһ˹ʺأ
ֻǾĹʺ˺ûкõֵĵزǺ߽ͣǳĲĽϣƿһ㣬ζ
޳˫һЩաֳһҧȥĽһ
һ̣৵һƮüӰˢˢسŲȥ˻δӦ֮ǰ۵һû˾ڡ
䣡ϢʱĻһವһϳȥ
죬ֿʼͻˣ˾غ
Ҳܲѣû뵽޳ȻַʽԼ˿ںһŻһ̵ȼţһľ
оױȵ˷ܵҪ͵һȣϵȫ
ɲǼ䣬һӴѹ৵һʩչǺٴϳ
޳ڰڷ˶ߣ𾪵غ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢس޳ȥ޾Ƿ৵һüĿ⡣
ȵ޳ףס֣
˵ţ̧ҳһ⣬৵һ¾ͳ޳˹
ǾȻ͵Ϯ৵һµ޳ǰ޳סһ
ɫһؽ˪ѵҪ޾Ϊ𣿡
һۣؽԼԼ޾ǵҪ˽𳶵ô͵Ϯ㣿
ֱ࣬ӳ˹Ÿ߽ͱһ뵲סȥ·
ǰһ̵ģ
һߣ޳һ߰д߶Ӱһ߻طơ˫۽žȴǼȻܹطǿͻƣΪβֵܹ޾Ҫ˵ף޳Ը㣡
㣡µƿԣݺݵصһۣתص޾Ƿ򣬳ɹ˸ɫ
ɹ˫һ̧Ʊ㳯Լĵȥ
һҽУʹصڵϡ
״ޱضŴҽɹԷΪ޾ǵѾܵͷҵ˵ô޳Ҫ˵
úݣû뵽Ȼôͬɹͬʱжһ£Ժ󿴵˱Ƶߡһӣ
޳ȴûһ㣬һӰ뾰ڣŵؽҵ˵ǣĹ˶ģֻҪųϣʸ롣˭޷˵ʲô
㡪òѪٵشŴ޲ֱӳȥɱˣװʧһԱɽȻ
߷ߵתͷһֱĬʵ˼أ
δ˵ǲźȻһ׹⿪ʼǺȶϣδ߳
ɿؿ޳޾ǱȽһ£ȴƫ޳ߡؽѾѾϣϷûʸþȥ
ǡҧгݣֹѾûа취ìȫѻ޳ϣаչΪܡ֪޳ܹ÷Ӱƣʵб£һ㣡
޳ϹŵЦݣЩصͷ˼ؽ˵Ķԣ޳ġ
˵ţ̧ǰȥ
һϲȻˣʵʵϣܹôҿ漣
漣ҧرأУһЦ޳ʵôֻǳ㣬˱һ´ܵĲ㡣ҪԽ̸ףѾȲҪЦ
ϴ󣬼ͣ޳Ѿǳ˽⣬һ޳⸱̬ȣ֪Ѿ취һ㶼ʧܡ
ԱߵˣҲһŵؿ޳̤УȻĪ˷ܡ
޳˳üȻ
˷ϻôôࣿϴ˲˳ͨͨθɣ۲δҲ̫˵㣿øϿȥΣ֪𣿡Ļ
ݺݵصһۣٿʼǽضѾ׹Χ޳
ʱ޳һڰ׹֮֡ϵϢȴһֱûиı䣬ɢǳ
Щ׹һʼȽºͣɻǵ⿨޲ʱ򣬰׹Ȼ
ô£ǰûͨûгôҵķӦаѾһвԾֹ
䣡׹ұ৵أԽԽŨԽԽһðǿİһ㣬޳ΧС
ŲѣҪǰֲóȻжֻżվԭصš
ЦһۣѾڼƻţһȽ⼸۵ȫȥ
𣿡ͻȻ׹֮е޳һź̾Ϣ͵һ£һ৵һ±ҳ
ôˣԶΧ۵ˣͻȻǱܹ৵һ³ӳֻһ¾ͽŶ
ţкȻƮһƬƣȫסֻһ̣ƬռĹ߾Ͱֻǲޱȡ
¡¡кȻһڳȫ


1322 
ը죬ǡ
ģף޳Ҫʱ𣿡
ˣһ㶹󣬹Цϴ󣬺ģҵż񣡡
Ҳһݵؿű׹ڵȫε޳ֻðģƼεͷ
¡¡ͻȻһƬ⣬һֱһ׳৵һ
ˣ׹ȫ
𾪹۾ڵˣ
Ȼ뵱ҳصʱòȥ֪취ˣĽʺ
ڰ׹֮е޳ԭѹû뵽һ硣Ѿӭ׽ٵ׼ɵ˰춼ûȵ
Уôõһɲ˷ˣ޳һӺȻڿնֱֱӭ߿յ硣
СӺòȻ׽٣
ǸӣƵؽͬʱȴѡ׽ٵļƣѾͨ˿Գܵģ޳ȣʵ˾壡
䣡һһ֣޳ݺ¡ĿĵۣģģģֻһɫӰ׵к
ڼҵ㣡޳һӭ׵磬һаֹЩѹڱȫܹ
ʱڱѪҺڼҵķڡϣһҫ۵ĺ⣬嶼Ⱦ˺ɫ
ǰ֮һðһ˿˿̣ϵڣ׹⽻ӳ磬һƤޣϵػϡ
Ǵ̹ǵʹȴûн飬ڵʹֻ࣬׵øһЩ
ˣǷˣ˿һһɶֵ罵ñͷܣ
ã޳ȥ𴦣һһ٣޷֮ˣżغ
Ļ˵꣬ͼ޳ֱֱӭǵޱȵ磬ವһ¾ûУʧøɸɾ
¡¡ֳֻʣ׵ĺ˷·ʧȥղŻӢޱȵˣȻˣ
ϴ󡭡ȭͷѾˮʪżѡ
кȻһ޴˺˾ֵĿУǵ޴羹ȻƱһ㣬˺ѳһѷ졣
ģ޳ûָѷ쵱еһĨӰ
޳ݺݵһţ͵һȣ
˻˻˻Ƭնʱ৵һγһСѵ羹Ȼͬһ㣬Ťתȿֺû뵽޳ڡ
ģȻ綼ˣǱһĻŴԭأ񿴹һ޳
޳ʱҲһʹ࣬иȴ˷ܡϺ⸡֣⣬һҫ۵Ļһ
Щ׹ڵѪҺ˼ҵһҪ˺ѣһѹơЩûյѪҺѸٴһ뵽ļС
ͬʱƲǱڵһ㣬৵ѪҺϱÿҪʱǡñ
޳һ̣ĳһʤߣոײʤʵ
ģͻˣֳֵָһ޴纰ǳĲˣ
ףѾǳˣǲʲôطֱһһЩΪһЩֱӹڵϣĤһеǿߡ
һ˿𶯣һǰֱֵ£৵һû뵽޳ڡ
޳ڰУת˿裬ƱˡһĻ޵а޳ɹ
̨µһʹ˸ɫǱ˻⣬гһѸٵسſзȥ
ɾһ̣˵ͻȻѪмپʣ
ɫһԭЩˣҲȭͷԹޱȣȴֻؿ޳سɹ
ʱе޳ϵѾһٽ㣬ವһתڡֻһҶںмһ
˫صţһХ
䡭ڱһ޴ĺһͷŭҰһ㡣ҲֻһɲǣǵȻѸȥ
޳ѹƣϴڽЩȫѹ˵ﵱС
ͬʱеĺ⿪ʼֱ缤һ㣬৵һ£ֱֱشܳ˲ţնȾ˺ɫ
ģһۻˣΣΡǿȾգҡβֱֹҪιȥ
ˣûܹúסû֪ǺĶ˺εȸ߶ȡҪ޳ʱľֻǳ۷壬ҪֱӹڵϣĤݣ
޳ȫ£ص˿һͻƣȻƼ򵥣ҲֻԼ֪ղźüβ㱻ơ
ϴ󣡡ϲؿŽ䵽޳ز֪Ҫ˵ʲô
޳Ц£ȻתҲеͨ˰ɣ
лعæؽȻȻ
а㻹ýŸˣҲͳԪǧˣ
޳ۣתؽһɨʵ˭飿
ֳѻȸһ˸˵˵޳ղŵľٶʵѾûм˸Ҹа塣
Ѿȫϣҽ״
һЩͨԵˣȫΧ£Ųȥһԣʣʮˡ
޳뾰̤ŵСȫ֮óһʯȫ뵽ŵС
ʱ˸ŷһ˵âһ˱ʧԭء
ż뿪ص˿ʮ꣬ǵһϣ˳źá
濴һռزĶ棬ȴһֺޱߵĸо
ϴ˵һСǧ磬򣿡һߴܣһСʵ
˵طоСǧ绹Ҫ֮˵ľѾ˵Ƿ켫ĵزˡ޳Ծ뵽˵Ļ᲻һ
޳һ𣿡ԱߺȻһģһ˿⡣
޳תͷȥһɫ͵Ҫӡ
ģһ𣬶λЩ϶ŮһݺøУͷԣһжҲиӦ
лл㡣ĸмЦЦһ˵ֻʣһʱ飬
޳λΪȴСùֵŮӶһ˿ѽ⣬Ҳ֪Сõģεġ
ǿ޳뷨Щ˼ؽʵԭ첻㣬Ϊһֱͻƣ϶㣬Ҳʹҵ챻㡭
϶϶޳͵ץסĸ첲ʵ
ţ϶Ŷ˵һǳõˣһ㣬һҪΪѡı޳ץס֣ߵͨ죬ͷ
޳ʶԼ̬æɿ֣ȴǼѡôȷеصõ϶Ϣ
æʵ϶Σ֪𣿡
ĵɫЩ԰ף֧֧ؽܺá
޳Ķʱһ㶼ã


1323 ϶Ϣ
ʹ纮һ㣬ɲǽѪҺע޳˱ۣʵ϶Σ
㲻Ҫᣬ϶ĺܺáı޳ɫŵæֻ㣬һֱҪг϶ѹ
޳ԣ˿ղôһ̣޲ȥ϶ﶼ֪
޴磬㲻Ҫġ϶Ҹ㣬㡣ĺȻ̧ͷһؿ޳
޳뵽һ⣬üʵռҾڷǣ
ֻռҵһҶѣռȴҲܱȵġĸϽ͵ռѾȷᵽ£ҪǱռᣬһǶкùӳԡ
޳ԣвռҾѾ㹻ǿ󣬵ҲǸҶѣռҵǿ˺ֵز
Ŭһ»ģڵ֮СǸܵͷ΢΢һ¡
޳һůһǿҵͷΣһҪȥ϶죬Ҳһ˫򣬷ȥ
ϴǲˣԼ˼ʱȻһ
޳æתͷȥȴǰյһƬȫʧˡ
Сĵ㡣޳˵زûвĵطһͷĴȥȴδһˣ϶Σ
СǰȥûãΧȻһص꣬һ
޳˸ֹͣĶԼһ̣͵ۣü˵زôҵûд߼ʡҶСĵ㣡
ʲô￴ȥôһ㡣㿴ܣһصϰΧţôܻûб߼ʣŵؽ
ǵȫСع۲ܡʱΧġԽԽأһǶԺһ㡣
ǿıˣĺȻ
޳һɫʱһ䣬ˡСģ
˵ţĻ󣬴ǰȥҲһ࣬ظ
ʱܵѾ˵ƱϷŴһƬռ䵱Уȴһ棬Դɡ
ϴûиоռСȻʵ
ţҷˡվһ𣬴۷ʲô飬Ҫֿ޳ɿؽ
˵ĵܵĿռͻȻ˶һּٶͻȻмѹ
ಡǶԴһУǾС޳ʩչ˶м䡣ͬʱ̽̽
ͻȻüһ̧ˣ
ϴ㿴Ǳ߳һֻţȻָǰѹĿռ佲
ѽϱͱˣĶֻͻȻֵĽţȵغ
ע޳ɿغһͬʱͻȻһ৵һ³ֻŹ˹ȥ
ǣҪ֣ǰȻһŵ
޳æֹ뾰һͬǰȥ
޳û¾ͺáռ䷢˱죬ÿֲһ޳ߴߴؽ
վĶ࣬ղֻűġ
ôģ޳ָűͱƵǴʵ
Ҳ֪ղǰߣǰͻȻ׹һ㱻ҪҶô˼Ҵ֮ռ䣬ǶѾ⽴ˣµؽ
޳е⣬ʵ˵ǴռҲܵ˼ѹ
԰Ҳ˵æܿȥһɫɷףżؽģռѹƺҪǿӣ
ôӣ㿴˶ӣȻָǰֳֵһӰ
ͨһһ˴ӰеǱ޳ϸһһλǵĴ
ţ½½˵ȥе΢Щûз϶еͷ󺹣Ǿһƴ
޳Ĵ۲һ£ԭȲĿռ䣬ʱЩռȫƣЩȫ˳
Ƭռļѹûֹͣڳмѹ
޳û뵽㻹ɱ㣡һ̧ͷһͿվȺǰ˵޳ؽ
޳һۣûнǶž˵Կܲռ䡣
ܴȥǶᱻƬ
ԼӣʱѪӿҪȴԱһλס֣ȿƬռ죬ڿսһ𲻺õķӦʱ׷Ī
ҪȻ޳˳ſкһǿĻȴǽռſһ˿㱻Ӵط
ֻһ£ռС˼֡
˵ɫ˷׷׳֣ȫſռȥ޳һǵĹҲûеõЧռСٶȷڲϼӿ졣
ãطѹ̫֮ǿˣѹû취ƿѾٻЧ΢
ǿ쿴ЩĿռԶ޸ˣ˺ȻָԼղƿǴռ佲
군ˡǲҪѹ˰ɣ˵Ÿսһͱѹȥʵ̫ˡ
޳һ£ҲҪҡ֮ʣһҪЭһŬпܳȥ
ͬؽûҲˣǸ֮ѹû취ȥҸղԱߵĿռҲܵˣ˭û취ųȥ
˵ûҸղſǵһλߣ㱻ѹˣصؽ
⻰һֳ߶ʱ޾ǵȻвʣҲ
ֵͬķЭͬȥһֱĬ˾ͽȻ
Ѿǳ߲Ϊ˵Щ˻һʱúü˶Ȼ˵վ޳һߡ
ʣµļ˼״Ҳٷϻһ뷢߶ܴȥ
У̫ɢˣѹûãڲѹĿռ䣬ü
ʱȻȫվһ𣬵жйƣΪ飬ܷɢȥ϶Ҫ
ãǱѾȫպˣ˺Ȼָ
ѭȥȻһƱںһ㣬ԭȻһҵĿռ䣬˿ܺϵûһ˿϶һֻӬҲ
ҲҪԥˣȫе޳ϣǿͻƣ˾ͽʶ޳ǣ˵ű㽫߶۵һ³޳ȥ
޳״Ҳһס৵һ½ס˾ͽѸ
˼״ҲڱأȻȱҪһжǸƣҲޱس޳עȥ
Ψоվһûжע˵ľٶ˿ȻҲ׼ǻᰵʹ
޳һһؿʼϽⱬҫͬһһ㣬͸˵
ȫֱ۵Уһ㼷ѹȭͷϣһݺݵسſռȥ
䣡ҵײͬ׾죬žĿռƬռ䶼
أ޳ɿţһȭһȭҡܵĿռԽԽխѹ֮ԽԽǿѾܵǿѹԽԽѡ
ȫҧһ߶µһ޳ڡ
أ޳ȭͷһֽɫ̫һ㣬һɲɵֵ֮ʱصȥ
ֻһǰȻһƬ⣬ѪһƬ


1324 Ѫɫ
ˣɫһɣͷһĿռֻʣһɣٹһҪȫպǾղѡ
Ȼز죡Ĺ
ɫһͣ˵ǰľɫȻ˸ı䡣ԭȽ׵Ŀռ䣬ȻѪ
ڱͣ˾ģǰʲôѪ𣿡
޳ͷǰ״ղһȭͱƾͷ˲Ծ˿̿ǰããѪеһӦ֮ǰġ
ڶҼҹżмȻصؽǿֲѪɫˡ
޳ǵǾϲϲ֪ĺôܹ˵Ҳһ£ǵһ֮ǰСǧһһǾ˿϶ȥ
˿ѹݲ˼εʹ߶ǰȥֻǰһ죬ͱͶ뵽һƬѪС
ʹԱʱһƬҽ˵ɫҰһƬѪˮγĶԱȣ׵ĺͿʯһ㡣
ϴⲻǸɣͷ亹ֱð֮ǰôһ˿ȥһô࣬òҪˣ
ԱߵλŮ״̬ҲǺܺã˿ʹŤˣҧűݣͲûȥ
޳ҲżѣѸŽİ취ΨһҵǣЩѪҺô֮еҪࡣȻղźܶһᱻһ̲Ѫˮˣ
;壬ʱЩѪҺ˵ѹ˶á˵ȻһСĿ顣
۾ʹɫһüȻ̧Ƴž˹ȥ
һ£Ϊʲôȴ͵һ̩һ㶣һ㣬޳һ˹ȥ
޳Ҳһ˹һȣһʵȣžݺݵ¡
ĵһӵѪˮУȴЦݣЦ
ž޳չȥһȭҵصڵϣѪˮûȥ
Աߵô޳ǲǷˡʹ
Ÿ䣬ȴ޳Ȼһ㣬һ˹
˫һ޳㹥˹˿״ǳ⣬ѪҺڵ壬Ϸࡣ
޳ֻһ㽫ֱץסһȭ˹ȥ
Ա߿ùЦֻһ˹ȥݺݵ˹ȥλᣬ֮ǰеȫ˳
һ㶣ǷӦƵģҲȭͷžֱֱ˹ȥ
ôˣһԵĿһĻżѡһֱΪһģѲŶԣôͻȻֵģ
ס֣Ȼһֻȭͷ쵽ǰʹ˹
ʲĺһȻһ㶣Ȼһ˿ɻ󣬵Ѿ˳ȥһȭ˹ȥ
ֻһᣬǾ͸һ㣬ŹһȭһƣӴһ㣬ѪвϷ
޳סо˵ľٶͬʱд߶ѪҺ
˼״𾪵ؿǡ˿̣ԽԽ࣬ѾҪΣաмˣϵƤⶼѣȥǱ
ٿ޳ˣȻ׺ݣȴԽԽáһĥҽͻȻȭһȥ
ģ㾹Ȼ͵Ϯ˺òײ۳һҳһȭñ塣ȫޣ˹ȥ
ۣȻû뵽ԷҵĻ޴ײصضȥʧȥƽ⣬۵һ¾ͱѪ
ȫû뵽ԼһȭȻʱԭءԱ߼˼״໥ؿԱߡ
״һ˿⣬г޳Ÿһ߶վԵһλ羪֮һ㣬͵ط
ʱѪҳһţΣͬ͵ϮÿͷΣȫǿˣȥҲܴϲʶ
޳ؿǣгȥ˿
úԭҳһŵȺȻͻȻҸղôˣģҶʲô
ôˣæѰԼͬ飬ȴʹط֣мѾʧˣ
˾ͽĬĬջվȺߡĿ΢΢Ƴ޳ⰵ˰Ϊ˾ͽҵˣʹܸӣǻħҲϤĺܡղ޳ʹõģǻħ䣡
ˣȻûзΪѪǺȻʧȥԣɱ
ҲҪţЩѪҺܹҶͰɡ˾ͽȻȻ޳Ѿгȥˣ飬ɣ
ЦֹĿ˻һս˭̣˭һ̣˭֪
޳˾ͽıֲûж⡣һ৵һ·ֳһٷʮʮĻӰھԣԼı㿪ʼѸѪҺ
밵͵Ϯ޳ķɫ˳еĺ⣬תͷ
Ѿ֣Щܹ壬˵һǳǿĲƷϧ
һʱ䣬ԭֵѪصаȫֱŵܲˣŻ໥˺һйȥ
޳һԵһ޵׶һ㣬ܵѪҺϵ롣ģԭӯѪأԽԽ٣󽥽ؽ͵ҵȡס
˷ʱ̧ͷһ龰ʱ־ԭء
Сǲˣһ㶼Ҫȥأ޳Ȼһ˽һѪˮˣ
̲ס޳ɹ
һҪȴյһѶϢӶ˶ûж
飡һȭݺݵ޳ϣȴͬͭǽһ㣬Լҵۣȴûж޳һʹ
޳ؽûԱҲһ㡣
㣡ҧгݣ߶žһҳһε޳ݺݵ
޴Ļһܶסһεѹֱֱ޳
һ޳һ̡תһ²ӣ
ڵøһ㣬бȫ޳ݺݵ
͵رǣѪضУǾ޴ž³ѹ䡣޳ȴûзһ㣬һѪһѪҺѸ
ͬʱ޴ı£ֱֱϡһ𣬶ðһ㣬৵ر
֣ڰ˿״
һ÷ζҪըˡԵػӶҪҹȴǸ£ýһգվԭضݺݵؿǡ
ʱ޳ϳһֵԭɢź壬ͻȻðһתһͷһ㣬ֱֱسſзȥ
ϵĺⱩҿ৵һռ䡣ǲವһγһӲϣܡ
ֻһԭӲޱȵĿռ䣬ͻȻ
һϲڶҲˣ
޳ӲδֹͣתವһǰȥӲŸһ֣ͻȻһ޳м


1325 ߻þ
׺޳ͷһ𣬼æǰȥȴǰһƬյãã޼ʣѹκζ
ϴôˣ޳ɫأЩǵʵ
û¡޳ҡҡͷһۣʵоΣûﲻ
ȻǱ˵㣬ƺǿࡣЩ˼ؽղû޳˿ǻǳգ벻ôʹ
˿Ǽȫ¶Ѫܵģ·ʪϣģָЦλΰ͹ԣɫͨ죬ߵú޲ڸȥ
λʿεתͷԴ߶΢΢ԱҲ߶ϸŪɾ
޳ɾתͷһִۣӵڶѾֻʣʮˡȻղһأЩѾԶ
˶ܹѪصˣһɾ⣬ȫԶԶر޳һˬͻǿ
޳ߵʱ򣬶ݺݵعһۣŷ߷ȥзߺޣҲ޳֮ǰı𾪣˺
޳⸱Ҳֵల£뾰һ½ȥг̣Ǹ޳м
֣޳Ѹٵǰ濴ȥȴܳЩĴ֮⣬ˡɫԼǲǳ˻
ϴû°ɣͻȻʵ
޳üͷһ壬ʵ˽ң
ƵʵʲôյģǼĽŲû˰
޳תͷˣҲһãӡжʱȻ׺ǰдֻһ
һ˼⣬׺ָʾмȥһ̧ţѴ
˿ããޱߣվһƬ˱Ĵ֮ϣȫͷδǶϱδм䣿
һֱҲһ޼ʣܶһ˵Ǵ˿̱վм䡣ֻ߲ǣֻվھ޴Ŀռڵһѡ
ϴڿʲôԽֵؿ޳ı飬ôܸое㲻Ծ
û¡ȷȥ޳˵ţڿնϣ৵һ¾ͷɵ˸߿Уңңȥȴȵط֣վڿпȻվڵϿû
˿ģһƬâңң޼ͷԶѾԶνСеֻһ㡣ܣãã֪ںη
Ըʧ䵽棬ž˵ǰȥɣҶСһЩ˵ؼΪ󣬿Ҫߺܾá
᲻Сǧ磿ȻȥҲôɣ
߻þͻȻеļмһλɹӳ棬ԴһЩ䡣˵⼫߻þޱߣ仯ˣ쳣
˵ؿһ༸ˣصؽ˭š
ں˵˵ʲôɫһûɫغǳ
ôʲôԼֳǰЩõش˴أҶ˵һ㶼ûҲλ¼˵⼫߻þԭרΪõģұԵĻþҪ࣬飬ֻ벻ûвܣ
ǲŻǵģþҲܱõֵزΣĲ˵ϴǿ϶ŵģ
ʲô˼ûвŵ˼ô᲻޳ֻ˵ǸΣգѴһ¶ѡһҪǵ˼ü
ǲҪˡļԽ˵Խżغ
ˣҪﷴ𣿡޳ǰ߰ɣľͺáټ٣ٻԼš
ԣšһۣǰȥ
ߣʲô̬ȣܲ˵üҲȥޱ۾ıӰһǰȥ
ļҶˣҲЩ䣬Сظ޳࣬һ˽Լ˦µӡ
޳ЦػͷһۣǷռΪβߣ
һЩؽҲǺռҵһ֧ͽ
Щ˼ʵ˵ͽʵһ֧ͽȱĹһ˳˺ȻȻգѾΪռݣ˼ѹǵĴڡ
϶ĺܺáһ㶼ǣǴ˺öҩΣҲгϰҴͨľĶŵԼһ϶ϲԾعЦݣмλһĽ㡣
޳üʵ϶ĳǣ
šռҪոһ֧ԭǴҪȫɱ϶ź󣬲гϷԣ˳ǡҲΪˣòӦǵҪ󣬴˺н򲻵óĽ飬Щ
ǸѾͷ޳𶯣Ѿͷô⵹顣ͬʱҲӼᶨһȥؽ
޳ҲЩ䣬޴磬֪һȥ϶ģǶ㡣϶˵һĳǣȻˡ֪ء
ң޳һתͷ
ıЩ˼תͷ͵͵ؽ԰϶Ҵ֮ͨȻߵ㣬ϣܹ֮һ֮
϶޳ĶǸжǰƳǸһΪɵѾͷһֱǶΪǣܲģ
룬˵ȻƳܵľɫ仯ԭһƬãĿռȻɫ
յĵ棬֪ʱ˸ɽˮâĵһɫҲͷ׵Ĳɫ
ǰľȫͣɫصؿǰģѾ߶˹׼
þѾˣҶСĵ㡣񽲵ͬʱԣؿܡ
޳Ŀ첽ߵԣ̽ܲ鿴һ£ʱûΣգǲܵģطĻþӦʱ䶯
ҪʲôطҲһعصĴȥɣüʵ
Сģֿʼ仯ˡ޳ȻָǰͻȻƶɽ
ֻһɲǣЩ޴ɽȻľ׮һ㳯Χ£ֻһ¾ͽǰΧС
ǱɽΧˣЩɽôͻȻ䶯ˣԶ˵ľ龰ǲࡣ
޳ôҶ£һ𣬿ٵؽȲҪ֣ᾲ䡣ҷЩɽк
ʲôһ룬ͻȻסͣ¾ʲôһæܣЩɽȻǾ£ΧĿռڼС
аɣһƵؽطĿռ֮س棬ǲǡ
죡༸뿪ڣ޲ֱס͡
޳ʵ㻹ǲǵսռΣ
һɫɷüʵ˼ǣռܹ̽Ѱɣ
ȻʱĴĿֲķŮˣһ񺮡
ҿԼ˼룬ʲôҪ룬ǲõͷȻһɽ޳
˱㿪ʼ߶ѾΧ£òһɾɽȥǣЩɽȻǳǲŸɽ֮ϣǾͬһ㣬žһ±ĵ÷顣
ͬʱԶһҽѯȥȴǱɽһɽѷѪˮ߳
ˣ󲻽⡣


1326 ˭
ĿռڣȻһ磬ƬҶ޳˲ԾɪӣǰֵһĻЩֲס
޳̽ԵԶɽžһ¹˹ȥֻһ£ɽһϢɢпһѹ˸ɵʬƮȻһͬһλ
ô£޳ƲѣתͷܣԶмΧ£һɽ
һ̣һըм˳˳½½༸Ҳɽֻһ
˶׷˺£ʱҶֻԼϤ˴һеһˡʮֻʣ¾ˣǰ;ȴһƬã
޳мǸ
޳ŻӦ֣ںδ߿ռޱߣȷ򡣡
˺һᣬû׺Ļػ
ѵںԶĵط޳ȥֻóôһ˼һ£ž˵ѡһһֱߡ
ⷽáҾͲǳȥһͬ
һָʾķҲܹǡĺȻóһԲһķСصݸ޳
޳ǰһⶫĿ漰ʱˣǾͳűһֱߡһῴǳҵǳҲȷ򡣡
áҸˡ˵ţ̧ǰȥʱ˵Ĳ׵Ժ󣬻һһСĵػһܵ˺
һԵ״һ˿Ե˵ͷҲûн
޳Ļߣھǰȥʱʱָһ·˲֪⻹⣬˿̾ȻҲԶظš
޳ҲԣҪŸűǣĵ˾ͽԭһģԴӽĳǺȴࡣ
޳˸ۣҲȥ
ϴûоòԾҸо˲֪ãȻתͷʵ
޳ͣסŲüҲˣطϢϤһ˿Ѫζ
˵ͬʱȴδֹͣ
ֵؿһۣδʲô״̧ǰȥºȻµʲôƵģ㱻
ͷһʱˣ
Ѿͷֲûɱˣ˰ЦŴȤĻŸ䣬ɫָǵϵ˺˸ɣ
㿴Ҳ°ɡ˵ңˬؽ
ǣǿ˭ָŵǱѹøֽһ˺
޳ǰһ͵һ֮ǰɽѹλǡֻˡ
ʲô޳㵽׸ʲôǲǹģһ
ǸԼҪĸžȻǣü˻ȥ
ǡɫһ죬֪Ҳҽ
˿һܵȫɽ壬һľɫҪ˸ѹ
һվ޳̬ȻѺã޳ܹǽ󣬴˵쳣ҶϣܹƽȥЩɱ飬ǵġΪ̹Ȼ飬С˴
ĵɫѾһƬҰףżؿ޳ҡͷҲ֪ⷨ⣬֮ǰǺõġ
ˡ޳ȫǰָⷨʾķߵģ⣬ⷨ⡣ǳǲġСˡˣ
㲻Ҫż޳Цĵļؽ⴦ռԭһֱڱ仯˻ͷ״ҲûпܡһܱǣʵһֱԶߣЩƶ˶ѡ
뵽֮ǰɽƶҲЩҡüʵҪôҪһֱȥǺʱܹȥطѹûһͷ
ҲҪģЩɥͷֻԶ޷߳ȥҪԼ޳Ȼ
ղϸһһֻʣ°ˣһವһһһλ޾Ǵߣʵأ
һأǲ㰵͵Ϯ֮ǰúõվߣȻһ޳׷˹ȥδ˷ŭض޳
𣿡޳ƮƮʵͬʱй۲ı飬У١ü룬ӿƿδ˵
ԽԽӣط֮ԶҪĶࡣ
ϴҪҪߣʵ
޳̧ܿһۣˣ߰Ӫկһ¡
һ㶣δԣǷɿطһɽͷкѾͷæǿҰζԡ
ܴ󣬼޳׼ˣȥ뾰һ൭ؿ޳Ҳδԣȥæ
ȻԸղŵ鹢ڻкǹⲻȥһҪ޲޵ӣ޴磬ǲǸ鷳ˣ
޳νЦЦûУôߣ㲻Ҫ룬ȥæɡ
⻰΢΢˵ͷҶ˵ʲôͷɽȥ˼Ƶؿļˣ⡣ֲץǰƵҲ޿κΡ
˾ͽ״վȻһʱûвܷҲһ°ɡȥܻһӲ̣Ҫ
˾ͽ˵ûһЩʳҷһ֣Ϣһ¡޾ǵóԼʳһλʣߣ˾ͽһѡһɽϢ
޳һۣתͷԼ¡ϸһɽ֮΢ĺֺһ㡣
޳м׺ôһ䣬ԵЩ졣һΣ޳ûлӦϸķ
ʧǣƴͷһ㣬ֺȫҲ׼
ϴ󣬿Գˣһֻȣĳ˼
޳ǰӹһ߿һ߼ܡɽķǳӴ󣬶飬ǳࡣ
ſţȻһӵȣ৵һ·߿աϷɣڡ
㵽׸߿գ޳ͣͷȥһ͵ؽӲһĨ졣
塭ôһʣԽԽǷ֣Ǹ߸ɽȻͬ˵ĺëһ㣬飬
ĿԶĿһͣɫ߶¿Ȼ֮ǰվĵطȻһ˵壬Щɽϵĺë
һëȻĸоϯȫ޳ϸ۲һ£ɫԽԽѹһһҲ˵ͺ
ɿؽ䵽棬ž˽ұ־裬мǲҪκζ
Ǹңҡ޳ĻŸ䣬ͻȻһ
ңҲǹġСؽҪϲɵֻӵ
޳ͫһæȥҪǶ仨ֻûͼʹ˦Լ֡
æ֣һɫףֻֻԭ۵ϣȻʴһѪݡ
ˢˢؿ֧ӵĻһ̶ʲôôоùһ㣿
ԭùߡ޳ؽûв´еĻ䣬ȫùߣо綾ǧ
ʲôϴûЦİɣۣŵָܿòõĻ䣬ôƯùߣδҲ̫
Ļû꣬ЩȴͻȻ仯ԭ޵ɫƱͻȻȥһ㣬һӰһʴϢ৵һ³˹


1327 
ùõĶһ৵ȼһ¾ͽȾƬռ䡣ǶǴ̱ǵùιŻ
޳ɫأ৵һ±о綾СĲҪմȾ
һ˵
һȣ貵৵һչ޳ռſࡣ
ߣҪ취뿪޳˵ţڿնֻǴ˿ЩǣƬռ䣬ѹ޿ɱܡ
˾ͽҲٻԼסҲǳأƬռޱߣ֪δǾͷǿûô߶ȥ»ǳ
֣һжɣһ˶һ˾ͽȻվԱߵȻвʣδԡĿǰΣҪԼƣȫûа취
ߣղôվһΣ˲뵽ǣҪҪתͷ˾ͽһۣˬؽ
˾ͽɫһ죬һ˿塣˿̧ͷ޳֪޳Σ
Сˡλ˾ͽٵӡҲѾ鵽£ǰǵо಻ˬ
޳һ۾ɫ룬̧ͷ˾ͽ˾ͽԸһȻãҪ˵ǰͷĿǰգϣܹһģģ޳һ׷Ź
ߣʲô˲ģӻأˬؽͷᵹһߡ
֣һա˾ͽС̧ͷŽǶᾡϣܹͬѹء
һ˶һҶҲٵʱ䣬£ʼſԴʡ
˭ָ̣óһһǰҾͲǳȥ޳˵űóֻλ󣬳űȥ
˾ͽ״Ҳọ́ǰߡ
ܵĶԽԽŨƬռƷһ㣬һƬûãǰȻһ磬سϯ
ǿ쿴ЩɽֶˡףôоȻָǰһɽ
޳һŴҽҼӿٶȣϿ뿪Щɽʱ㵹
˵ĺëǺпܱ紵ǵʱǵľؿɾͷǳΣˣ
ôɽЩԾɽ;ѣʱɽһĿһ㣬һܹĳ̶ȣȴû۶ϡ
һϣЩ˵ĺë޳
ϴûЦɣһתͷֵصʵ
ߣϻ޳ֱһ˹ȥʱЩɽȫǸѹɽķҲԽԽγ˾޴
ЩǺëɣɫһǰǰ޳Щš
Ҫߵܵʲôʱôоѹûǰôߣܵľһ仯ûУλǵһЩɥؽ˳ʱʩչĺķʮ־޴ʵû޳ǿʱѾԵЩ
һЩ仯ģ˵岿λͬҲͬǴ˿ڵĵطȸղŵͻ࣬Ӧǵ˱Ĳλ޳۲һܣ
޳˵𣿡λһ˿ĵϣȻãȻȥҪˡ
Ǽ˻ûһᣬܵĿռȻ˾޴ı䶯ǡɽ֮ķȻøһ޴ĺХ赲ش粽С
ãµɽҲʼ䶯ˡָŵ溰
һ壬Ǵ˷⸱ģҪվɣ˾ͽ²
ܣ˺һͣವһ³ǰȥ
ǰһվ˰ɣżغ᲻Ƿʲôģһһ硭
죡඼޲סԼӵͣһѾ
ܺȻһĺ¡һ㣬صһըͷֻһ£һವرһѨĿسǳ˹
ǿѹɲǼ䱬ɢһε৵һ½ס޳ɫһݣ⽣һͬʱҲȫޱطع
ǵ类Ӱϯȥصһ£ǰһɽͷ
գ£ģȻΪѾʵսǳ٣ôֲһĻ
ֲں棡ǵ硱ŸչܺȻ¡¡޿ײ룬ħһܡ
ڶ壿̵ģ𣿡ƿڴҧ췽ٻ˳һڵС
޳߶৵һע뵽췽Уֻһ£âಱǡܵĿסһӱð
ץʱ䣬ϳ壡ڡ֮ǰûеﰲȫĵطǴһƾ֮ءռ棬ʵӲƴ
¡¡췽Уطܶ¡һ⽣һ㣬ϵײŶҪ
ӿٶȣѾǰˡ޳ͽܣһʱ䷢˷λı仯ǰĿռѾխ¸ѹ
Ϣ񣬽£ϳ塣췽Χɢһɫâһ֧ļʸһ㣬ɿϷȥ
Ͼ͵ˣҼͣ޳ܵǰռÿյĲɽһϲҵ
˾һ̵þͷ˳ǽٶһᡣ޳ֱʩչǧ٣췽ٶ˼¡
ಣܿ˸һ䣬һԾϣӳǿֲĿռ䰴
Ŵ췽ջ̵̾ģˡ
¡·һ޴һÿһεɽصһµڵϡ
ôое㲻Ծãǿ쿴ɽʲôȻָŵǺһƬʵ
ùߣ޳һϷȥղǷµĶȫ˳ҿӣ
ģȻһƴǰȥ˿Ѿû·ȫᱻϮֻϣ
ǰʲôǻ᲻ὫͱˣǵĴԽԽüˣȥǷǵ
ѡ񲻶޳ͬʱһץסĵ֣߶ǰȥ
ҲĬؼӿٶȡ˿̺𣬸Ҫ˻δŬùģû˻ͬ
ǣɫһףͷһڵĶһҧî˾ǰȥ
֪˶ã˺һȫûһûоͷ֪ʱεزǾͷΨһʣµһǡܣϵܣ
µĶҲ֪ж٣ȻܹԴԴϵӿٶȾȻǻҪ죬Ѿǲϱƽ
ǰǵĴͻȻһҽУղֻиһ£ͱǶϣ̼㱻ʴһѰ׹ǡһ̣׹Ƕڸɾ
޳нһҧӿٶȡǵµĶԽԽ죬ģܶѾ˺ɫ壬һǰΧ
̱ǵζëϸѨסӱǼ⡢κοܵ;ڣֻһ¾ԴΣʶ챻ԡ
У취ȥǿ϶֧Ųס޳Ҳżǻܹƴһ£ѹû취
ͻȻǰȻһϢһĹ৵һ³ܱɢһ¾ͽܵĿס
޳һݣǼڤĵϢ


1328 ˭˵
ô
޳ɫһ˲˲ضǰɫ֪ĳϵǰδϢҲ֪Ǻʱġ
ϴû°ɣǰȻһżĺֿۺһǺӶʨһ㡣
޳ͷһǿϲɽ
֣Ҳһû뵽ǰɽʱ֣
ңǿǰɽӦ˿ż˺
˾һһĿռ䣬һǰȥ˿̣ѾڤĳױһƬ磬Ҳֹ˶ӡ
޳˾һ䣬ڴͨһصͨವһ·ȥ
ǰɽһǣ˵س˹ЦɵǺǵؽϴûҾͷˡղĶ湻ֲģԶᵽΣյϢ
޳Ҳ⣬ʵʲôʱģ
ǰɽ֮ǰȥĸףʱǸûˡطЩԾ
ǰɽûлشֻǶ޳ɵЦһ£˵ٽ뿪ɡطĺܣǾ뿪ġ
޳ͷ۲һܡǴ˿ڵطһƬޱߵıԭ֮ϣɢһɱϢ͸ģԿӿĺǸֲѾڸǡ
ϴǸ֪ǰɽָָǰ޳
ãҸϡ޳ͷһһʵ֮ǰпµΣ
ˣǿ֪ղڵжΣգֻһͱѹˣ濴öˣǳˣǰɽ˵ղŵΣ¡
壿ȵʵǲ޳˵ģʵЩһ֮ǰȻվôã;һθ
ǰɽһۣ۽ǻм٣ռԭһþռ䣬ҺϴڣûǳȥȻǱѹ˶֪
޴磬ܲܲҪһȥҸоЩסһֱĬĺȻĵ޳ӣС
ţ޳Щֵؿһۣʵôˣɽҵֵܡ
㲻ͻȻ㿴˿̵ʵֻǳһѣôܽأʵ
ʲô˼ڻ𣿡ĵĻʱô˵ҵʵֻǳ㣬Ҳˣ
Ҳ˼࣬Ҫȴֲ֪λش
ǰǰɽһνӣԼ͵ִҽģչﻳҲпԭôʲôɱŻС
ô֪գüʵ
ǰɽһЦŽ㲻֪ԼĳѾС𣿱ϾܹŮ߲ܹܶ࣬ģһβ䶯
üͷýģǰɽĻиɻҲû취ţ̤ǰȥ
޳ⰵ˰лһ˿˼ؿһġûǴѾͷӦò֪׺ŶԣǸղȴδ׷ȥƺЩϳ
ǰɽһʲôʱһˣ޳룬̧ȥʵɽִ˿ںεأʲôʱģ
ǰڽ㣬ûǽмˣרڵǣǳǻĿ̲סǣִ˿̻ǰءǰɽָǰ潲
֪ţ˵ʵΪǽʱĲŻû򿪰ɣȻôģǿʲôز̾
Ȱ㻹ǲҪ֪ĺãȻԺô˼ңһָͷ㣡ǰɽЦŽ
ҪһָͷŪֻҪһë͹ˣ
Ҳ֪˭ղŲ㱻һëѹˣǰɽ༥
ôһͳܲ˵غͬʱָǰ潲ǿǰ棬бóˡ
Ȼ̧ͷȥȻǰԭããĿռųһĨɫɫ±Խ࣬糱ˮһ㣬ɿسӹ
ͻȻٱôҶһѸڿգһɫȫֻɫմȾԭɫıԭͻȻ¡γһϸһӡһ˲ЩϸӾȻಱǣһγɽһֿ
壿˵ɫ÷ǳѿŸӳѣֽӣ⵹ùߵģ
֣㵽׻᲻·طôˣüʵ
˭һءǰɽƵؽ
޳мȻ޳׺
һ࣬ǰɽ֪м䣿
ǰǱ߿϶ûǰɽ
õģ㿴ǰѾˣôȥѾָǰѾкɫӳɽ߷ߵʵ֣ǲǴĵģ
ĲǴĵģҪҸղΪҪǣǰɽҲˣʵ
ҶҪ޳һǰĺɫ壬৵һڿһ£кҵϿղûбȾץʱ䣡
˼״ɱ˾ͽȴûж򷴷ȥ˾ͽ֮ǰлְʹ˷ֱףǺˣ
СˣҾ˵ҪǺˣؽ
ˣҶҪ˷ʱˣץǰ壬ȻƬطҪûˣ޳ü
Ҳ˵ȫٳǰȥֻЩؿܣҪ˵ʲôסû˵ʩչȥ
˿̣·Ѿ˷츲صı仯ɺëݱɽţƬĶðϵ
޳ȫǰɿǰȥܵĿԽԽǣҵʶҲЩģ
޴磬ǲǰˣûܵĶԽԽŨٿ棬Ǳ߷ҪܶࡣĺȻס޳֣
޳ͷ⣬˿Χ˺ȻúİЩԭӦ÷ǳεˣ˿ȴȻЩʵ
޴磬ɣȻˡżؽ
޳ȻЦ֮ͣҸΣ
ɱĴϣȻһĨ⣬³һ֡
ãԶǰɽţֱһǰɽʽ˹
ɫһ̧ƾͻ˹ȥǳΪǰɽǳһ㣬һʽ
ô£ôˣɻʵ
ϴ㲻ֹ𣿡Щżʵ
޳ȴһҪֵ˼ûУֻؿŶˡֻ߷Լסö˼״ҲٽԼס
޳м׺ٴһΣ޳ȴѡ˺ӡƽԼſһ㣬˭šǰһжģǰɽĴòɿӰǰԶ
ϴĲ𣿰ɽȥᱻģѾˣۺǰɽô˵ҲǵֵܣֻһʶŮ˶ѣ
޳ȴվԭأɫ޲ȻʵɽΪûмڤĵζ
ǰɽӺȻһ٣ĵһǹպϴʲô˼ҸղŲüڤľǣ
޳ȴޱؽɼڤĲϡ
۾ŵؿ޳üʵϴûЦɣ
ҵϣڿЦ޳̾Ϣ


1329 ټ
ͻȻɣһΧ˶ãСǰɽǵͨ죬ʵϴڻң
޳ؿɫûһ˿ŭֻؽǰɽȻỳ㡣
ʲô˼˭һؿǰɽ֮Ҳûǰɺ˴˷
ϴ˵̫ˣҲǰɽ˭ǰɽѿؽȭͷקţ׵͸һĨʹ
޳΢΢Ʋͷȥʹı顣һᶨؽѾ¶ˣԼɣҿɱ䣡
ϴ󣬻᲻ŪˣһΣӲţ޳ֿǰɽһʱ֪˭ġ
ǰɽ޳һضûУʱ¶⣬ؽ޳Ҿ㣬Ҫ棬û뵽㾹Ȼ˴ңãõĺݣ֪ղžͲȺĹεˣ
ι˵ǲ̫ˣǣȻֽ·ϴһûġڱˣ߳ŭˣĲõؽ
ǰɽ˫һɣȻĲмЦŮʲôʸ˵϶м󣬾ΪӰ޳жˣҸ㣬ΰ㣡
Լ˼밲ϣҲû
ˣұ죡޳ͻȻɫأһ˿ЦⶼûУ˭ûֻԼģǰɽֵܵòҲɱ㡣һλᣬٲ߾Զɡ
ȴŭǰɽɫһ䣬ŲӺ޳Ȼ㲻ʣͱҲ壡
֣侲һЩҲᡣҶԼֵܣңһҪսļƣʱżغ
˭û޳ǼԱһ˦ವһƮǰɽǰ
ǰɽֱͳĵϡСɽһɽصص޳ǰ
Ƕˣɱ𣿡żغͬʱһԵ˵æȰ
һؽôȰֹ𣿡
ǲʶһ㿴ؽǿˡǲȰԼ
˵ֱƳ췽ٳѾսһ޳˳ȥڲȰ˵ţϴ㿴ֵĵϵϢûﲻ԰ǧҪʱھˣ
޳üͷһş̌־ͽ˻ȥѾǳ㣬ԸһǳĲѴ֮һ¾ͽӵȥͨһڵϡ
޳̫ǰɽһӣҲ˲ã˺׹͵ش߶ɽ޳ݺݵȥ
޴ɽһɽһ㣬޳ѹ¡ܵĿˣһжԭȵ˳
Ѿûлˣɣ޳ǰɽʱȻţ飬˫һɣȻ
貵Ĺ⽣ವһ´͸ֱֱɽʱ䣬ȼһɾ޴ѹԶĺŨ
УֻЩɢһΣżغͬʱЯһֻһķһף߶עСһ˲һصĺһ޴ķ˺һ±ƴشɢ۹ĺ
ȥ޳һȣü৵һһ⽣ವһɽ
¡޴ײܿöɽڶһ£һжѳ죬׹䡣
ǰɽɫһЩŵؿ޳ĵȻˣ⻹ǲˣ
޳һҪ𣿡ǰɽʵɫһ磬ʹؿ޳ϴһ㶼ֵ֮飿ѵˣ˭ʮ磬˭һ𴳹أ˭Ϊ㣬ԼﲻˣżڤĻ㣿
һȫ˹ȥսĻ䣬ڴ˿ȴԵ˷̡޳̧ͷؿʹ֪Щ㻹ǲ׷ĻˣҲ㡣
㡭ǰɽݺݵض޳ҧгݵغãҪɱңʹ˵ٶ඼ûãǰɽһƬĸȴĻرã飬ˣ
˵ţϵϢϴڣһͷĹᴩҪһ㡣
Ȼͻˣģ⵽ôˣôһҪ׾ͽףҲ̫ˣÿһĻҲʵһ£Щʵڵ߸ǵ֪
޳ؿѾǳǰɽһͬʱԼʶȫסдˣסʶʲôҪ룬ȡǵ˼롣
˵ǰǲ²⣬Ǵ˿Կ϶ռռŮ˲ܹ࣬ȡǵ˼ά뷨жж󣬸ղ̲סһЩǰɽĹ㱻Էҡݡ˳
޳Цǰ͵һɱ¾৵һ緢ǰɽΧסһ̣Ȼһǿɱ⣬ֱǰɽ
޳ǰɽҪͷͻȻ޳סϢʱǣҪ֮Σ
ɫһ䣬Ȼ¶ŹЦݣһֻħһ㣬Ц޳Ȼƭ㣡
ǼٵģԶľƼǰɽӣʱŴͣԼġ
ǰɽһģһؽǿӣѹùġ
ǻþһֱĬȻͬʱԼԱԼСĵ㣬ڵѵ
Լ˭šʱٿ޳ǵѾⷽռ֮ڣʱ˷
޳ΪҾû㿴ʲôǰɽЦţһ¶֪ĺɫ
ʱЩɫȻѾȫ£Ũͬһ㣬һɱСɽǰӴ󣬲ϵسǰӿ
ǰɽȻһ䣬Ϲıһţһ˲ͻȻȻֱֱسǶѶС
ˣ˵ۣһɲõͷ
ȻһǰʹһӲļЦǰɽӶ˺ɫֻ۾ɵһ㣬ɢɺĿ⡣
һͷ߻ħħһ㣬һǰ̤߶ƣ̵سɢſֲ
޳ɫһ˫۶ͷҲصضž˵Ͽ뿪
ͬʱ͵һӰ৵εΧסǰɽһ˲Ȼγһ޴ķϣǰɽ׷
ûõġҾⷽصף˭ҺΣǰɽЦŲһؿ޳̬ڿһֻСһ㡣
޳ǰһؿһѣһ㣿
˵ͬʱǰɽ󣬵ؽ֣ͽˡ
ʲôǰɽ˫Ŀһɣæתȥû׻عͷһӭѹһ¾ͽѹ
ֻüôһ䣬۵һ£һ޴ѪƮɢڿС
ʧһ̣޳ıǼͻȻһ£һ޵ϢƮУ˼
ôղžȻʵǸ˵ζ
ϴôˣ߹㿴޳ɫżʵ
޳תͷؿһۣصؽҸղŴٰɽϣŵϢ
ʲô֮ǰվһǸղ˭һӣƶ


1330 
ͻȻֵ࣬ôҶһã㿴ңҿ㣬׵ʲôġ
潲ĶǶԵģѹû˿ţɫҰףµؿܵţ֪˭
֣ڹˡ޳ǰ׺
׺һسĬԣֻͷǰȥķ֮ǰǰɽȥķ
ʵţˣȷⷽû
׺һ٣תһۣˮһ㻬û㣬ȴ˿鲻Խһ¡
ƳһּۣתǰȥûҪǵ˼ȴһɲ˷˵ơ
޳룬ǵͷ̧ȥиʣҪ׺֮ǰΪһֱмȥߵʱʳˣ֣֪мıߣ
׺˶٣ͷҲصػص֮ǰȥм䣬ٶ̫ˡ
޳һһϲû˶ãȻסּһ㣬Ȼʶһص⡣
طܹȡ˵ʶһ˼붼ܹԷơڳˣпһƵˣ
ϴôˣһתͷ޳üͷĵʵ
û¡޳һҡҡͷžȥ۷ʲô飬Ҫסʶ֪𣿡
صصͷ̧ǰȥ
׺Ѿ߳ȥһξ룬ãĸ󣬾޳һȺ˶û˵гĬӡ
ȻСĵ޳ĸ첲ǰʹ˸ɫ
޳ȥɫ͵һȻľһѪĳҪǰȥ
С㣡޳붼û룬̧ǰȥϱһҫ۵Ľ⣬৵һסĵĳȵʲôﶼԼˣû֮ǰ
ۿһ죬û뵽޳ضԴԼͷżؽҲ˺㡣ղŵҲƼˣõֵܶпܳ㡣ҴӦ϶㣬һҪ㡣
޳̾Ż黹ûŪǶҵѣ̫ˡңҲ򲻹ǡ
Ҳܣ򲻹ҲҪҿԱƳǵĿʱ֪˭Ϊã˵ţҪӽȥ
Ѿͣתؿģü˵᲻̫ˣӽڣ˺ʶ޳ԶҪĶ࣬Ҫ˵ɣҲһɣ
˭֪ǲģԭϽȻţڵ㵽˭˭֪ļĵһƺͻȻʧ˸ŵŭ
׺Ҳ˻ϳſһƬ򣬽ܵĶȫ赲档˿̣һһ㣬ӸµģϿ
ĺ鲻Խ޳Աɪһ£滹ָ¸ҵؽֵģ֮ǰ˵Уû㣡
չ϶ˡ˶пܻ˺ǣ׺ᡣҪǣָܽȫɱô顣ЦؽɨĵĻԵôɿЦ
ȴӾСع۲һ׺Σաһռ֮жصķܹͨ˺أѵˣ˺пܲǸ
⻰һֳʱֽһɺ𣬳ڼļ䡣޳һۣˣҪЩûۣǰ߰ɡ
˷ʱ䣬ǰߣҶڴʲô⡣Ҳֻһһвˣ
ŸǰŲһһֱĬ׺Ȼ̧֡Ľһһ޴Ӱ৵һ³ĺݺݵѹ¡
һҽڿȻֹ˫ĿԲɣɫҰףĿ
֣޳һʹæɽǰģתͷص׺
ֱӺţˣ㲻ҲӦһ䣬ͽɱ˰ɣôǡ
˵ţСؿ޳˵ȥ֪϶޳壬˿˵϶ˣҪĲǱ˼ٰģǺпܾı޹ɱˣ
޳һ£ĵѾ϶ϴһĨң˫Ŀͺ񿴵϶ǰȥһ㡣Ȼʹر˱۾鸴ӵز֪ҪηӦ
̵ָ׺̫ˣôɱˣ˵ʹ߳ŭɱڣ
˵ˣ޳üͷһ壬Ҫֹȴ׺̧üͷһȥ赲
׺ٶȼ죬ŸվõɫӰѾ䡣ɫֻüһͱӰ䡣
ȫûӦؿԼõǰһӾʧȥǣƾͳ׺˹ȥ
ˣ㲻Ķ֣޳æض׺Ҫ͸֪׺ԲӣǾֻ˵һ⡪
һɺ⣬׺ǱƵģǾͷǳΣˡ֪׺ʵΪ֮Ǽ˼Ķ֣
Ԫ飬Ԫ𣿡޳кԪ飬Ǽһ˵ڵĳٽǺ˰죬а糣һ㷴ӦûС
û취ֻѰ뾰ǰƽ
Ѿ׺սʮغϣ׺ƺ̽һʱûзʵ졣࣬ŭͷͱõǣһе͹
ɢһɱ⣬ȴڱƽ׺ʱ򣬱һεڡ
ãҪɱɱˣ޳׺΢΢̧֣˫һӲһеǰȥ֣
أ޴ĴΪӦǰǰλŮһ㣬ĳһѪһƮɢʧӰ١
޳ɫ߷ߵض׺˵ûԼ׼ΪѾĻյ
׺ɫɳˮֻǾվţûܹĲͬ˿üɢɱ⣬ȴİ
޳вס³ڲҡڡǰˣһʶǸɢһϢȴڲʶǸˣ
ϴǲԥˡѾɱġŵؽͬʱ΢΢޳ǰҪ뿪
޳һůȴƿ׺ֻһ飬ã˭
ʻͬʱԼʶΧסܻشֻ׺ôΣϣ͵ˣ
׺Уһŵã
ã޳һ𣬶һ׺ȻǼٵģȻˣұ㲻飡
޳˵ţеϢȫ׺˵ֻǸѣͲ̳е
ϴ򲻹ģȵţߣһֱڶ׺޵п־嵱Уһεػ޳ǰ
޳˫ĿһѾ׺һ£ĳࡣûһ˿󣬰װ
㣡޳ɱŷŭ৵һؿ׺ķһ³ǰȥһöͷһ㣬ֱֱسǰ
׺һƬԼˣ۾ûըһ£̧֣޳ȥ
޳ֻоһǿױȵѹһ½Լסȴ϶ǾǸ׺ôǿ
ڿɺãȫáֻϣԼǿܹס
ǺƬռĹ죬ѹͻȻĽâһ¾塣


1331 
޵У
֣ЩաѵҪ

޳͵һӴ৵һ±ȻγɵǽܳſһƬ̵ķ
׺ĽɫӰصĴķϣܿһڷһϸ΢죬һƣһƬ
ͬʱӰҲɢΡ
סˣ
޳Լǳ𾪣̧ͷǰ׺ûʱȥȥֵܣڣΨһǸǱ
ƷҲҪɱ㣡޳ɢŭؿ׺
üտտһ˿ޱӴɢȫһ𣬳ʶȥ
һ̣ʶУϢǵص߲ʳ硣ע룬һ貵̫ȽȽ𣬾ڳ֮ϡ
ͻȻʶһ޳м
Ǹ޳һ̧ͷǰˡλƷɫ䣬ͽգû˵
޳ǵٴ޳̽һ飬ֲǴǰɢ
һϲȴɫޱע뵽ʶСмᶨһ׺ǿԴܵģ޳޵еģ
һ˲üĽⱩǣһҫ۵̫ͬһĽɫ৵һ±һ¾ͽܵĿȾ˽ɫ
һɫǰ񶼳һ㣬һܹ飡
ɱ޳͵һ޳ȥЩԭȷɢĽɫߣȻγһɫǧɷֱֱس׺ȥ
ԭɫȻˣһ̺Ȼ¶һ˿־塣û֧֮ţ֪Լжǿ֮ǰȴǧɷ֮ʱйƶƳ
ɱ޳ָһǧɷ֮ҫ˼֣һ޵Ƴ৵һ½׺ס
ҫҫ޵Уһ㣬ȫס׺һƺߣ۵һ£ͱɢ
ʧһɲǣ޳ɫһٴʶһ¡
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ҷϣڱ󵷹ʲôˣҹףһеıĻı֮ǰǰɽڵ׺ȫǸһĹ
ܳһ˿ЩɫƱǿסͲΧֻʣ޳һˣضȻƶɽ
Ǿ޴ɽϳ޳ƶеڶ½䣬ֻо涼ʼб
޳һڿն𡣾һɲǣȻֲԾһȻ
ҵΪܹõܣԭ޴Ļ㣡޳ضǰɽ׼ȷһ޴壬Щëûɽ˿Ѿһһɿ硣
ȻҪࡣһú棬û뵽ôͱʶˡҲã㣡¡¡˷ɹһ
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ߣôĿѾƬռƿȭҵ־֮£ܹ𣿡Ц׳֣ص޳ȥ
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֪Ϥ˵˼ǺεȤ𣿿ϧǶûˣ˵ţĳһǽ⣬޳صظѹ
ھУԭλ׺ô૵ؽؿӰѹ¡
޳ɫһӻһӰձܿǰĲ²Ȼûǵ˼룬ھȻ׺Ը
һ䣬ΪǾǿĿǳ
˵ţһסʶһл¹ŵغͻ꾵пǸһơ׺İҲʵûǣһǿˣ
ǰƵɲڵ׺ɱġ޳ǹЦзǹƵȻܹñ˵Ϊʲôɣ
ôܣҾȻ֪̽˼룿ʲôһʣŵضŴ޳ɢһ˿š
޳ص㲻֪ĻǣϧҲû֪ˣ
˵ţ͵ؾƣһӳȥһ̣ͻȻһױȵоԼͻȻضΪһ壬оԼǵ棬һжĸ֪Уһжūͣ
ϢͻȻ޳ĵﵱдһɻԪȻ֣˼ؽǲ⣬Ŭʲô顣
޳ʱȫȫ֮ϣûԪĻĸо֪µĸоˬ
ⲻܣֵؿ޳ǵ޴İвϵطŴŵһʱ䣬Ƭռ䶼ƬƬɽ𵴣
ɱңЩѶȻ
޳һ漴׹ǰľˣӦöƳѡĿľǽõȦ׵СֻǼһ㾡ȴ©޳ô쿴
޳ͣסƣʵ
Ҫȡʱ䣬ҲϻֱӽǾƬռ䵱УѾ뵽ȳ˯У㲻ܾ콫ǾȳվȥϷذɣ
£͸ɣ޳ƳһۣʩչɿѰ
ããһƬȫû壬֮͸ųصĺ޳һһطҹȥ
һϢۣһһ⣬۵һ¾뵽ڡ
ģһû뵽޳ٶô죬һӾͱҵˡæʼҪԼ
ɻĸоԭҪס޳˿ȴֱصϰ
޳Ѿ뵽ĵУ˳ľѰҡ˭뵽ȻὫ˲Լ嵱У¿ɺãң
޳ҵֻһ޴ĺڼס˱ߵʵʵ৵һϢ˳
ϴ㲻ҸղΣ۾ģһ۾Ϳ޳ֿЦ
Ǽٵģ㣬ȥˣ޳Цļָǰ潲ЩɫļûУӦǣȥȡԸ
ûʱϸʣźڼ˹ȥ
޳˵㣡ȻЦͬʱ岻С
ã޳һ⣬æžӿٶȣ


1332 þ
ܵĿһһ㣬СͬʱСһɷǳǿѹǿ֮ж
޳ѾͣȫƳ
һߣɿǰȥһץסһźڼ룬˹ȥ
أڼ̵ĸһ㣬һʱ֮侹Ȼ޷飡
һҪ죡޳ҧѾһ޴ϣΪģϵسܳȥ
֪ᶨصͷȫźڼݺݵȥ
׹ڹ৵һײһ𣬻һڽڼһѷ졣һ
룡ɣŭغȫע뵽Уֱֱس޳˱ȥ
ɲǼ䣬һɷ৵ϯ޴ĳｫܶ
޳͵һȣϵУͬʱ˫ĿһɣüĽ৵رռһ۵һ¾ʹ̴
ֻһ£ͺһ©һ㣬ѹȫӿȥ
˫ĿԲɣѾС˽һ͵ضһɾ޴𵴡
췽޳ž
붼δ룬ٻ췽Ӹ޳ͬʱϵǰǸڼ롣˿̣ǺڼѾ¶һһָѷ죬м¾ܱҿ
޳ӹ췽ע󲿷ֵֻһɲǣ췽ͿʼžرصݺύľУεѹܵĿס
꣡Ǳڻڼѵϲǣչȥһʱϲغ
һ㶣ۿԭЩ죬һ۴
һͷæҵعȥ֪ȻһѱסĲӣһ߿ޣһ
Ҳ֪Ѿͷڻþʲô飬Ȼų⸱ģؽ˳ԼߣĻûȳҪӿ춯ˡ
㣡һҲûʱ廳ղξе꣬ȥѰĺڼ롣
ҵˣǱֻǷֿжָǰɫ뽲
ͷæǰ˹ȥ
˿̣ԽԽСѹԽԽǿͬʱ޳ò©һܲһЩȻǴ˿ͱ޴˷ĩ
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⵽ʲôطô˿ֲ㿴Щڼ񱻺Χסˡ
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ʲôֱ³ѾȥǺɫĴʲôʵ̫ˣ
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汻סģ֪ʲôۿҲЩ΢죬һһ£һ˳
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˾ͽ״ǰֱץ뵽ʶС
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£޳ͬһͷһ㣬һʶ϶֮أ
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޳ǹЦʶпٴһҵסֻڼ롣
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ⲻܣһŭ𣬵һ̣ͷ­صһըһޡ
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ԺԴҪСġ޳û˵ֻһ䡣ղ˻ħζ֮ʧȥǷҪȥˡħˣֻ˾ͽҵ˻ᣬ𰸿֪
˵ͷλǸ˾ͽٲûжٺøУ㽫˾ܾ
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޳мͻȻ׺ģûǰһ
޳˰Ļж֪һ˵عޱȰռʵѱ档ڣǾѡһΪ̶ĵطмǰ
ãǶϴġȻᷴԣҲûߣûҪֻЭѣ
Ȼһǰȥһ·ϣ׺һֱָǡ޳ϲǣǰ룬׺ԽԽ
ǿ쿴ǰнȻָǰôãڼҵ˳ɫã֮ˣ
Ȼ˷ܵʩչǰȥ
ֻǼûãֶͣ㶵ؿǰĽ໥һۡ
⽨״Ƿ̫һЩôĳֶ


1333 ĺ˵
ĺԻݺύΧһԶԶȥһһ㡣ϸһƣɿǧذתĸֻ·
һ񡪡˵Ĵԣ
޳ǰЩ⡣
ʿˮָǰֵĽʵӦûɣ
һۣʲô
˶һۣ֮ǰǾ޴ռ䣬ʱЩëȻ
ǵ˵Ĵ԰ɣҲֲ̫ˣǵĵطǶЩܡ
֪֮ǰ԰ȫǷƶǰͻûʲôˡ޳ĬĬ롣
ƽһ̧ǰȥĿǰȫһƬãǳֵΨһûбѡ
㣬¡İԣС
£ֲǶûʲôµġοô˵ȴҲ̲סģ޳Ա߿˿
ƼĶʱЩˬŮˣŪú˲Ƶģѵû
ˣעҪ˼롣޳Ȼͬʱ粽ǰߵǰ档
ǰԵĽûԵڡߵǰ̧ͷùһᡣ
Ȼһ㴫һ󲨶һϢسǰ
߰ɡ޳ż˽ͬʱ˱״̬ǵһֲԤУСΪ
ϴ㿴ܣ˱仯ŽȥûãȻָǰһͨ
۸ӵ˿һһԭֻм߶ߣǽŲ죬ͨȻʼ
һ̤ȥһ죬綼ڵһħ仯˲Ϣ
Ľŵץ֣СؿܣСطÿֲܲܲҪȥˣ
Ҫ£ֻһЩþѡο
ⲻǻþɫصָǰһͨЩͨչӦǽǴ˵еĺ˵
ʲô˶󾪲ֹоһš
һס޳ŵؽϴطǷǽ𣿾˵ǽطˣûܹŻȥġ
޳˶٣ĺ˵Ҳжš֪˵ǵùѣϾطһֱڡ
̾˿ǻزȥˣǰ߰ɡ
жһתͷؿȴķĵ·ѾĿȫǣﻹлȥ·
ĵۿˣżغô죿ط̵֣˼㣬ǻôȥ
Ҳ֪Щҳ˶Щصش֪жһЩشţǡ֪һЩ顣
ĺ˵һֲĴڣв˼һбʧȥֿй˵Ĵţ
ҲҪţҪܹȥĶûУ̸棡޳ȵ޴ĺ羯һ㣬ڼС
һ漣
ü˼ҲҪģطӦǰһҲƻģħһҪСġ
ѹ֮ǰͻȻķ꣬ľܵӰ졣סвɱ˿ӡµؽ֪һˣղ֪Ǻ˵ʱ򣬾ȻҪĸоȻ
˵ûҶҪ˼룬ߡ޳ͬʱһסԼʶһǰߡ
һЩ¡Сؽ
ã㵨ӴһЩ޳ڣһữΪĵģ򶨵ؽĿУֻҪ޳ڣûʲô鲻ܽ
ѵ¶һЦʲôͬؽû϶˵û޴첻ɵ飡ڣһжɹ
޳ôԼȻ΢죬Ҫͷ뿪ĳ嶯
ǰȻǰһ㣬ǵĲӶɿ죬ܵĿռۿɼٶȷɿͣԷӡ
ڵУһʱĴܵһ˶ؼ죬ּìܵĸоȴ˾÷ǳԭӦġ
ڵУֱʱϴĸоȫ񶼸
ãҿ񣡡޳ȻһѾԭȻھļˣȻٳǰȥÿ˵ĲӶɼ޷ֹͣ
ѹ޳˫Ŀһ糤ʣವһ³żȥ
ƺһԴãܣ׷ʱ
޳߽ǣٴѵһҪעҪһסȻͻᱻƣ
ղǱˣʵһɺ⣬ղѹʲôûо
ûϵžĿģҪвͷڵĽѵˣҪʱֱģҪԻ󡣡ͷؽ
ţصصͷٺ˼롣
޳һָۣǰ浽߰ɡǷûЩ·ǵĶ仯ģ˵ǵĸı䡣ĳ˵ǲóǵһȥ
ãһȥ˶ʱʿǣһɨ֮ǰήǷϡ
޳жϵһǵ߶ǰٴ꣬ĴһƬһ㡣ͣסֹͣЪǰУѣأҲȤ
ģ˵鶼һһ߿;ķ羰ȴǱڵΣ̸ǰ⾰ʵڳƵһۣѵûоͷһ㣬УǿգһֿȻ
־裡Ψ޳һֱҷɣһֱλԼʶΨһǣ߷ֳһȥˣȴǿ
ֻգӲʵ䷴
ϴ˵ǻߵʲôطԭû֣вף˵Ǽ㿴ܣããһƬȫ̽Ѱͷһ߹۲ܵľɫһ߸̾
޳һ٩֪ռҲֻһþأʵǾʹһ汻˺ܶප򡭡öġ
˵һ뱻ԼеĵʹҡһԴܽõͷ˦һ㡣
޳εؿһۣɸֵؽҪ˼룬Ȼпܻᡮ³ɡ
ҴˣסͣͬʱµĬղĶģǧţ
ĵɫҲЩãҺ˼룬̲סʵûʲô
һ̽Ƿղˡ
ŲǷüҡͷǹɲõͷԽԽǿҡ
޳˶ģѵҪֹעһ飬עסʶ
ϴЩ֡ͻȻؽӦصģϸûзôңҲ巭ɳɳʲôأ
޳ѹûȥرעܵԲǵԣһףʲô޹أҼע
û취ǽôֻܸ࣬ϽߴǣǰߣҪٷˡ
޴磬ĺ֣ëȻĸоĵؽ
޳תͷһȻĵЩ͡һҪȥԱߵȻǺ
ɫɷףɲǼʧȥ˹ʡ޳һ⣬æ̧ҪȥҡǣԺȻһ
ķɱľ磡


1334 ͷԷ籩
ˣ
޳ɫһɱȻƣת㳯ź󱳾֡ҪĹȥһ̣ͫ͵һƫһǶȣžһ´Χϡ
ҵײķŭ֣ʲô
˵仰Լҡͷˡôôɵǰ龰ѾǳףǶƻˣ
ȻԱߵľˣҲȻ֣Ե˹˹ȥ
һ񣡡޳˫һҲ˲ã৵һ³ǹ˹ȥǿһӾͽ˰Χס
ͬһʱ̣ܵĺԽԽǿңڴصĴϢһÿһºУڶȡĺһ˱ѹ֣
ѣ޳͵һȣһʮǿȣһһ㣬˵ʶȫס
һ˲Ȼеһ㣬ʹغ
Դʹôˣ
ͷҪըˣҿƲԼˣ
޳ղһӾͱǱץ˻ᣬһӴĹವһ뵽ʶ֮С˿״̬ǳã亹ֱðҧסʶȻҿ£
ϴ󣿡޳жʱࡣæһƴһ㽫£һ㳯ʶѹѹ¡
Уҵ޷ۼɫ׵غ˵ʵһƾԡ
޳мһ֣ȫʩչԼ
صǿޱȣȻܹǱ棡ʱǻϢȥиһ̣ͻȻϮɱֲ
ˣ޳аЩżһô飬Ƶ޷ûд˿þա
ס˾һ֡˿̣Ԥһѹסͻᱻĥ
ҪҼͣȫ޳ƴ֣ͬʱҪʩչһӰȥǣȴޱѡõ˷䣬ǹǣסȫá
ѵغһҪѳȥǲܵϴ׸
Ƕúܣ޳Ϊ˱ǣղѹܵ˵ʲô
һ󲻹ܲ˵СҲҧȫȥ
һǿ¡¡һӣȻγһǿơ
޳״ٴγֹȥεѹ৵һǱȥƶԽɲǼ䣬ܺγһƬյش
ֻһᣬʹʱһ̶ҵ飬ʶȥ
壡޳ͬʱüһǰһһ߶ĽɫƥΪǿٳһ·
ߣ֣৵һ³ǰ
䣡ƺǳͻȻӿһ籩¡¡죬졣һӴżϯ
޳͵ؽһ̣ԣٽվߣܷʲô鶼Ҫ뿪
ǡûзϻȫصصͷ
޳ˣֳһƬСסǣȫ˻৵һ³ʶȥ
ˣһ̣ʶһصһײһ𣬲ûѣ
޳ؽգ۾ϵȫеһ𣬲ϵسʶӿȥ˿̣ʶѾ緢һ㣬ŭˣ缱ӿ纣ϵһҶһ㣬ƮҡʱиΣա
ԲۣүģͷԷ籩ͻȻ޳ʶкȻһ
޳һϲæԪ飿ˣ
СӣǸ˥ǰǧѵһĶˡԪ°ͣü
ͷԷ籩УǸƳԪڣ޳˼˼ֱѰ飬ԽԼܶʱ䣡
治֪ô˵ãСӵɲһĺá˵ͷԷ籩һһܹʵķԾԪصؽ
޳ŬĆ£ֱץסеľ裬ʵ˵ͷԷ籩Ҫǰɣ
û뵽ż첻СԽԽ˰Ƽ޳вͷ֣Ԫ鼱æûֻҪסһ㣬֮ʵģֻҪԷ򣬾ǿԳģ
޳һһͷһץסѾûʱ룬æʶȥ
¡¡н̶һ㣬ÿһƽܵ˾޴ײ쳣ңȻ̵Ļ𻨱
˫͵һڵԪȫȻȴ壬һ»뵽С
̼䣬ʱӿǰٶȡʶзӿײ£׵øֽһ㣬嶼̲ס
޳ȭͷϵǰȥԭͱ͵ʶУļ룬һƳģԭȵķƽһ㻺͡Ҳ֪˶ãڹռʶ
羭һսһ㣬ͻȻֿĸоϮ
СӣסԪ
޳ͷһ𣬸æʶܵطȴЩ£ղŲ㹦ѣ
أأأ
ǹصɱʼ塣һǿ壬ҵѪܣ
ңңҲҪ޳Ҳһᣬײȥܹˣʼȫ
͸һСһ㡣޳Ĭ
ǱС˸£㲻ܵģס̬˼룡Ԫؽ޳ղŲ˼ᱻԷãһСľٲˣ
޳һݣԪ˼Ҳȡ״̬ʼ߶
Ǽ˲ܵȣøϿͻƣǳȥ
糱ˮһӣǱڵһ롣һʱ䣬嵱к÷Ļһ㣬죬ŰҪѾﵽ˱̬ĳ̶ȣͱ飡
޳ⷽԣҪѰҳ·ǾڣȻԺгһϤ
ͷһȻԼæĴѰȻʶУһһģһӰ
ꣿȵؿǸСˣû뵽Լ꾹ȻԼԻ
һ̣ͻȻؿǰСˡⲻ꣬ʶѹû
˭ʵ
תͷܿٲȥˣС˺ûĻԹԵؽǽ
޳ʶԱһһûгȻ֣岻֪ںʱΪһ塣
Щڲϵռ䲻ϱŴ̼䣬ããһƬ߼ʡ޳һ̽ԼѾΪ͸ɫܲڲ졣
ҵʶ˾ȵǣʶȻҲʼһ۸ӡʶ꣬죬Զ˷ȥ
ã͵Ѿæǰ׷˹ȥʲôҪ򲻿ɳ£ȻͻɢҲ޷
ҪǱܣǷ򲻶ԣǸС˺Ȼغ
޳ŲֻԪ飺Ԫ飬⵽ôһ£
#%@#%Ԫ鲻֪˵ʲô޳ô˺üΣͬĽһٳֱ鲻򵥡
Ԫ˵ˣҪˣһ·ҲȥˣǸСżغ
޳м޳֪òʱ׺ٴ


1335 
Ժеһյָ·һ㣬޳ݵͣס˽Ųͷһɺ⡣
ղôˣľȻȫˡ
תͷȥҲ졣ǸһģһСˣȴǰģԼ죬ǿƺ˵͡
͡޳һƬãľףղӦԼһִԼ
ܣȻƬƽĿռһжԵôΣաͷһԼԾ壬ѹûлʶҲһƬγɴղŵһУֻһþѣ
޳м׺ٴǰһ㣬ûյƮ䣬Ѿںܾһ㡣
޳رۣϸرһϢͻȻۣǾϲ
һΣڱ˷
תͷоһ£ֹƼ಻һĵطЩȻ죬ܿãһƬȴһ̶ķǴµķǳĳһ
׺ľͷѡţ̧ǰȥ
߶ֿܵٱ仯һ类ϷŴһӱؿһ̣µı仯Ȼ
µѾǳ棬ͻȻ˺ü˺ü
޳м׺ʱڰвǻ
޳˫һУǰӿϸһ£ַһѡм̧ǰȥ
ǰһЩֱ仯ϸĽŲֿʼչؿ
޳һֱǰţǰ֪κδǸͷͬһã׷Ѱһ㣬ûĿĵǰȥ
ߵĲм䣬ԽԽƫͻȻһʶУһӽѡ
ظĶһ˿ƣȻͱԻȥÿ漰ʱн˼ȴ޳ľѡ
üһ룬Ȼһʱһ⡣ÿѡмһԽԽƫﻹм䣡
޳м׺ǰϸһ߱𣬷־ѡ·ǰ
ҪԼ˭޷šǸһȪһ㣬ðʥϢ˲Ҫ
˭޳üʵ
ңҾ㡣İɣǲẦԼġЦŽ
Լ޳æ̽ܲѯȴûзͬղСˡΧյģ˹֮⣬һ
㲻ˣҾ㡣ԱôܻأЦŽ
ꣿ޳͵뵽ôһܣȻò̫ܣʶ鿴һʱȲѣû뵽ǰĻıʵ꿪ڽˣ
ҵꣿڸߣ̽Եʵ
ߡ޳ؽ
ΪģҵһƬã޳ʵؽ
޳ǰһҡͷҲҲܹܵʵ뷨Ҫмߣ¡ȻˣΪַҪԼԣߣǰ߾ˡ
㲻ǲм𣿡޳ʵôͿһ㣬˵ô࣬͵ڰ˵ˣ
мߣߴĿռм䣬м䣬𣿡
޳üռæޱߣѹû취м䡣
ҲԲм䣬ŵߣԸı߾ıߣ·ͬģ󶼻Ӷһ𡣡
˵÷ǳ޳ȴôоôף
޳ü֮ʣԪȻܻغ㲻ҪκˣʹԼҲšҸ˵ʹԳģ
޳͵һ𣬡ʹԳǲ˵⵱еҲʵģ
Լʵģ޳и˼Щ
޳һԼţ˭ҪıţŶûУ̸γɹ
ⲻһ¡޳ü
˭˵һˣͨģһԭҪԼ¸ҵԼΪԵģ޳Խ˵Խ޲ǰ޳ϴϴԡ
СӣҪκιе뷨ȥԪٴ
޳һ⻰ˣ㿴ҲҪԼ뷨ȥԣڵʲôмȥ
ģһм䣬һߣδҲ̫ᶨˣ޳ü
޳ȴǵһЦⲻľһֱڱ仯ȻҲб仯
˵ʲô޳һضǰŽɫСʵ
˵ʲô޳ãؿΪλͻȻ¶
޳ȴ𶯲ѣһֱŸղŵĻľڱ仯Ҳڱ仯
ƺץסؼһ㣬ŬԼľȹܶ˳òɿŬԼķſա
ΧÿԶԶһ㡣ܶʱ徻࣬һȫȥһɴδйȻ
һӣǰȻԭȹޱȵ
޳м׺βţһɲһʼû
޳жʱ̹Ȼӽطʼһ֣͵ܿĵزˣҲֻķݣ
׺㣡޳ͻȻ˫ۣǧٱ׺ķȥ


ʶ̾Ϣ˵ʲô޳һɺԣԼģǰȥ
ֻʣһǰ壡׺ǰȥ
̹ǵķͬһ㣬ϵϣȴţȫܲƵģϵسǰ
꣡꣡ĲǰΧĺԽԽأҪܵĿעһ㡣
޳ֻоԽԽ󣬵Ѿ˴粽еĵزҧǰ棬һͷţһ㣬ϵǰ壡
ͬںƱһһ޳һǰǰ;޴ذףϵꡣ
޳м׺ǰǰ棬оѾܽˣ
޳ܲѣƴǰϱһޱǿƣֱǰƥУ
꣡ԽԽ죬ʲô顣޳ֻʣһͷ壡
һͷţϵǰȥ
֪˶ãֱƣֱûһӵʱԱߺȻһҵĺ¡ʲôһ㡣
һɲʧһѵζ˱Ƕ޳ۣжʱ˿
ȻĳˣֻǰǸͬһĽղֻ֣һþѡ
վ⣬վԣĿ˼ûӻþѳ
޳৵һ´ϡ

ˣҾ֪ǻþϲؿԱߵ޳ϴ̫ˣҸղžͶԼ˵ʵǴȥϴһҵģ
û¾ͺá޳ЦŽղǾ֣ҺĶˣ
ǾȻĴˣֱţǾȻĴ˴˵˿Գĺ˵һֱȵ̬
ӡڿüˣ
СӣţϿȥոԪȻżغ
ʲôո޳ʵ
ʱȻָǰĺ˵ǿǺ˵к춯
ģˣСӣȥүүģĸ˵ȻǵĶԪƿڴ
޳һͳ˹ȥ˼״Ҳȥֻǵ˼ǰεʱ򣬶ԭء


1336 С˵
޴ͽ棬һɳɳϸ죬г洩һǵע£һۿɼٶһСͺϼ˿һ㣬һ㱻롣
ôڻغ
ʲôڻС㻹ڵʲôϰԪżغ
޳ͷһѾȷӦһ³ǰȥһһ㣬৵һû뵽Уһ¾ͲӰ
һ£ӦæҪȴ޳Ǹļһҳ
ˣɫʱһ䣬ôʱǾȻһ㶼ûвԷʲôͷ
ˣҲҪ̫һж˵ţһͬȥ
һȥ
Сӣʲô취ҪϧһеصõЩԪ޳֮ؽ
⵽ʲô޳ʵһ룬кȻһⲻǸЩһɣǡ
ΪԼ뵽Ǹܶ񺮣Ҳ̫˼ˣ
Ԫһ仰ֱӴϣûǴԣ̺˾޴ٶȵ㣡
˵޳ѾʼŸһӴܵ͸оʶдһʹʹоԲ֮ǰѪҺʱʹ࣡
סǸС̫ˣȻܣƳ˵Ľƾᣬ̫ɶˣ꣬һҪѵԪؽ֪˵˸ߣ
޳ûոʱѾȫܾ޴ΧʶзӿȫԸܹ赲סЩϮղֻһʧʶͺҪһ㡣
ҵǸˣȻ޳ûճȥֻעⰲȫӲҳ
֪˵ͷͬʱѸٳŶǷȥ
ģȻαӣڿ˵˾ͽҪҪ
ʱ˾ͽں˵һϥɢһȦɫĹâ˵
˾ͽҲһ£ϱһȦŭ⣬ضСˣ˵ҼϴƳģ㾹Ȼ߼ˣҪҪˣ
˾ͽϾضڵϣûһ㣬ô˵Լġ
ȥǰҪۡ޳ǺôǴһǵģȻԼ˵Ķʵ̫ˣ

Ҫ
뾰ʱ󾪣ɻδüֹһ˹ȥʱһɾ޴žһײϣͽõɳȥ
Χ˷𣿡ֱˣһϸһ顣
û°ɣҲǰеʵ
ʲôôô˾ͽϵһȦʵѹôĵԭ̣
ֻԼˣûɻң
ô죿ѵȥϴǱҲ֪ʲôҪҪֹһ£һ˾ͽʵ
ҪȻҪԲܱ޳Сˣҧгݵؽ
գգ۾ǽǿԸҪ˳ͳˣ
ԣһϣȫλʲôò˵ţǰžһٻ췽ֱֱײ˾ͽ
ͬʱϼҲ׷ٻԼĵ˹ȥ
һֱĬ˾ͽȻǣһգ¶һмЦݡֻǻ̧һֻ֣һҫ۵৵һ³ϯ
ãȷ״æ췽סԼǰѴҡ
Ҫø£صһײ췽ϣһ¾ͽײ÷ͬʱһǿĺ֮һ
Բܣ͵һȣʱһɫĶηɿصǰ赲ǰ档
ǰǵɫĺɫ쳣أǼڤĵζôУ
ǿŴ˵еļڤģתͷʵ⼫ڤĵĴ˵Ҳг˵һЩǿŴ˵ܹԽʱգŤתıȻĳˣ
ûǸ֮ǰϡ˵ȻӦҧгݵؽѹʵͻͽᵽһ̵ģˣ
˵ʲôôоԽԽˣĲʵͬʱŰ취Ҫô˾ͽķƿۼź˵һȦȦСжżѡ
ȲùˣôƿķǰѾǳ߲Ϊ˿̵ٶȷǳ죬ϴ϶Կü
췽óһȻ
һ˼ͷ췽ٴٻ˳ͬʱ붦Ŭͨ췽һҪϴܲܵõͿˣ
ˡ췽Ȼһ£ڻӦһ㡣
һϲ˽һŬ
ߣ棡һֱĬ˾ͽȻ³һ仰ž˴߶ͬʱ͵һĺ췽˹
޴ӵһ㣬һ䡣ֻоǰһһɼµ
Ǳˣżغ
ˣ췽ҵҲһȦɫΧסǴ̹ǵĺεס
ꡭϸıһƥеƣȫ˱ӡ
ҸϿ߶ǧܷһ̣Ǿͻᱻɱżغͬʱϱһǿʢĺ⣬ǳױ
һߣҲױƣͬΪǳϵײű㡣
ֻоʵоʵĲࡣȻƵĻᶼûУ˿ڼٱ䣬ۼžҪױס
֧סӺ˵ͻȻ޳һ৵һ´ںֱֱע뵽췽С
ˣ췽һ𣬶һɫĹâžһųһ˱㡣
ллϴ󣡡һϲо췽ıõ˻⡣
ҲΪˣҪֹ˾ͽϣָֻ޳Լˡ
֪ˣԼġ޳дǣͬʱӿٶȡղŵ̽ѾӦǿȣҿһᣬ˾ͽģлȨ
˿̣ٹ˼ɣȻһȦҫ۵Ľ৵һ½סһһ㣬ܶյýҫ
޳ϵıǶһ¾ͽΧһƬϣͬʱٶȿڻһɹɾڻӿ޳ڡ
˭֪յȻȫ޳ŵ£ƴԽԽһ㣬ȿֺӿڣӳŵøһ㡣ÿҪըʱȴֿѹסʶӿȥ
˾ͽܵ޳ľٶɫʱ࣬ҧҲӵ£ӿٶȡ
һٶȺĽľʱ䣡ϣ޳ת۷ʵȻҪ˾ͽתҪ֪࣬ΪΣ˿˵ٶȾȻ£
޳ΨһƱں˵ģԴ˷˾ͽȴֻܴӲա
СӣͣһҪˣԪȻ
ˣ޳һЩȷʵ˵Ĳɣ
Ĵ꣬ǲǻģ


1337 ˷籩
Ԫ쳣࣬ؽȷʵ꣬Ѿ֪ˡ
ʲôꣿ޳Ĺһαˢ£˶֪һǾǻɢɢΣʲôʱһ˵
Ȼ뵽ˡһʣʵ˼˵걻ˣ
ûеҪӦ֪Ԫ
޳ͻȻ类˼Ѫһ㣬ƵΧڻĴƬһ㣬ٵ붼룬һԵգȻʶѹե
¡¡޳ںϾڷһ㣬ٷڣʼλⷭȴޱǿ𺳣ֻоԼھ̥һ㣬˼붼ɱ䣡
¡¡Ǵ̶ڣ̵ؿţȴȫܣ
û뵽û뵽㾹ȻУ̫ˣãǻռˣԪ쵽޳Ķһ֮󣬸˵ؽ
У޳ЩãԪ½ϣƺû˵ġܵͬʱҲЩǣϾǱ˵һŪþͻʵ䷴
ţĵǲûеղģҪõиʱֻǿ㵨ӹ²¶ģӮ˾ӮңԪ쳣صؽ
޳һ߼ӿٶȣһ죺˵ģֵֵã
ֵֵԼд˲СӣȻ˾ͺúõϾǱ˵ĻǱһľһŪþͻٲԲҪģЩܹӰȫȥ𣿡Ԫѵؽ
޳еͷЩ֪ǻԪ˰ҹŵ棬ҪȫԸˣϾ滹оڣطΣķҽȫǣЩǡ
㾡ȫȥɣҰ㶢棬һжͻ㡣һ̣Ԫ޳鼸ﵽͳһĵز˴˼Ա
ã޳صкһ㽫һȴĵ
ʱ嵱Ѿ仯Щĳˢ£Ȼúˮһ財ǾӨ͸󣬲ȵؽг֪˾ͽʲô⸱ӣȴʵ˳档
޳ϸһ£Щ֮£Ȼ̺ŰʲôҪһ
⻹ȫ޳жԼһĸовЩ
ϴӿٶȰ˾ͽСӶ˴ˣȻ޳һһ̽Ȼ˾ͽ֪ʲôʱٶȼӿࡣЩӿ뵽ڣβ룬һ㡣
ٶȡ޳ҲЩ𾪣˾ͽٶȾȻ࣬ͺкüһһ
Ԫ飬˵ôܹܵסôǿ޳ֵʵʱþĻҪ˵һС֣һ㣬Ҳᵱ
п϶й죡ҲǸ߹㣬㼯עô˼ģԪɸֵʵУ޳Ӧģ
ţ޳Ԫ͵һɺ⣡ղôˣȻԼ˼벻ܿƣ̲סҪܣ
ܣ޳һٴ̽һ˿˾ͽǱ̽˹ȥһΣŬķǿȣϢģ
һϢЦȻ˾ͽȻûħ
Ϊֻ𣿡޳ҪŸһоͶһ־
УУʲô鶼ҪȥԪʱѵ
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޳оаͷȻһʶһ籩˹ȥ
̽Ѱһ㣬㲻ٹҲǰһֱҽʶ׷ſ±˵˿ס˾ͽһܺõǰ
˾ͽ޳һţ㹦һзߺ޲ѣʱ޿κΣֻܽеķŭʵУ޳ֻҪǻˣҿô
һʱ䣬˾ȻలͻȻֻʣº˵ڻо˷
СӣӿٶȣҪʼˣԪ
޳һ৵һ´ʶɲǼ䣬һ籩һ㣬Ѹ͵سʶȥֻһ£ͽʶǵˮйͨ
Ǻǣҵ궼Ҫˣ޳ε̾ͬʱϵעʶУ
ʹľеĸоϯͬĴоԼҲڱ
ѹԪ˵طܹеŵ޳иԼ͵Ǵˡ
һƬ󺣣źɰٴ֮ƣ籩һԵ롣ǵӿʼѹ
˾ǣһЩ޿ײ룬ʶûһռ䣬ռˡǺҪںһ㣬ںϣ˼룡
ۣ亹ֱðʹֱһߣ˾ͽٶȻͣҲò˶١˲һᣬ͸һ㣬ʪյģȫǱ亹ʪˣ
޳᲻ҵģ˾ͽȻյĿռ¡¡ģ羪һ㣬էһ֣˶һ
̵ֱģϲǰɣӲ㱻ŵûɢ
˿Ǽ˶ȫἫڤĵĿƣһŪûǣɢʣһ㣡
˾ͽȴûץ޳ţش㲻ΪԼ𣿿㿴ڵٶȣҲĲһ㣡
С˵־ͺñԶûˣͻȻһӵõǿȨžҪ֣ҲеԱȻҡͷȾҪһЩɼҴţôʹࡣ
ǣһ仰ɹ˾ͽŭŭغ
һܹӰʱ˾ַҲ䡣
˾ͽ̣ûֱӳˡ˿ѹûȥǣ޳սѾ˰Ȼ׶Σ
ܵĺ˵ԽԽ٣һڻȫ뵽޳˵ڡ޳ףΪһܹסΪѹûд壬ǽȫʶС
һҲǿĵز𣿡޳Щƣ˾ͽѹûôǿŶԡ
˿ѾûʱȥЩ߰ģеķ籩Ѿγɣ˿ӿ
ʶеصĽ磬汬貵Ĺâ嶼Ⱦ˽ɫһߣ˾ͽҲֻ࣬ڤĵϢţɢһƬ⡣
ֶ룬Ը˷һʱͻᣬûãڽ˵Ĳˣ
죬ˣԪæѵ
ͬһʱ䣬޳˾ͽӵԾ𣬳ԭȺ˵ĳȥǱһȭͷСķ壬δѾܵǿ
ҲЩ۾ֱŵغǿʲôôоꣿ
ģǻˣ漮мصĻˣѵǴ˵ģ


1338 һ
˵ĲǸ˵ɣüͷһ壬Щŵغ
Ҳ֪⵹ǳ죬ЩеݷأֻЩұļŻһЩأѹ֪
һû̧ܣ쳣ؽڼеĲؾһܱĹż뾡취мصľǡ
Ҫ˵Щڳǿѹһ㣬һŵصľǣܣ
ǣҲ͵г̸Ҳ˵Ĵ󾪣޵һ˿š
ΡΡؽѵ˵Щǲǡ
ȻǳżؽǰһֱΪԼˣڿҲҲ˵Ȼѹž˽ǰ϶γΪ飡
Ϊ𣿡ж͸һ˿ãȻһֱ˵ЩȴûŹҪĴڣ绹ȻǿҲֻӰѣ
ǿ뿪ǰȻ޳˿ûȥʲôģֻ֪ڷǳΣգ
ԣҼӿٶȣ˾ͽڸǶ϶ûտƼڤģȻ
ãһȥȻЭʼƽ
޳Ǳߣʱľȴһݡ˾ͽγ˶ž棬˰Χסǿ貵Ļˣһʱ˭޷ǰ
Ԫ飬㲻ǿ󣿡޳ղһ嵽Աߣͱһǿѹס˿ȫܶ
Ķ棬˾ͽҲࡣѾǳ߲֮ҲѹƵòܶɼ˵ǿ
ԪЩ˼ؽûˣֻ˵ѣȻ֪ô̬ˡãᣬϿ
޳һæȫʼѡͺѾպһһӵĴԼһ飬ڱϵչ졣
޳룡˾ͽܵ޳ľٶиߣҲӿٶȡϾû޳ǰǿ׳˿̵ЧȻûôԡ
޳ϵĽԽԽͬһ貵̫һ㣬ɢ˵ϢⲻǹؼؼЩǿŻ˾Ȼڻ޳
˾ͽ۾ˣҲܲʼһȫʶȥţĻ޳
СӻأûоܹĿ飬ѹܲǿȡռȥһЩˣŲԪЦŽ
޳ǳصͷͻȻڶ˾ͽǲǸøл㣬ΪҷֵһַգȻҴ˿Ҳűˡ˾ͽֻһ˰
㣡˾ͽҪˡҧгݵغ˵Щǲ̫ˣô֪ǲΪ£ưɣ޵ʱ򣡡
ϺǣСӵ̬СӣŰԪ鲻мؽж޳ǷǳΣҪôһС˶ʲô
޳ȻûԪֹۣüϵϢǹŹ֣ǻСΪϣԪ飬һ
ãͷĵɣԪԶ޳ʵĺܣڳһС͵ķ󣬽ܵʶС
˾ͽһɫ䣬޳ɣʼ
ǣ˼һĻɢŸԵϢԽԽǿԽԽʢǿ貵ĻˣȻһʱ䲻֪ȥϵԭҡڣһ֪ξһ
Ļ˼ɣ޳жһݾٶȲûмԽԽ
˼ôϷ
ͬһʱ̣ʶҲڷž޴ı仯ֽ羹Ȼһŷѿһ׳˿Ѿռİʶǽ֮ϣһֽɫ̫ȽȽһյָ·ǰĵ·
ӿʶеķ籩ƺЩ̫ԭȻޱȣ˿̾ȻȫƵУǲҴ
޳һϲæ৵һ³Žȥ
ˣʶͻȻһҵ춯Щ籩ͻȻһ赲ǰںһ㣬һ߶һֹ
޳ҧʹɸһ㡣Ϊҧ̫δεѪҺ̵ðͶȾ˺ɫ
Ǿҵʹûһëڳ鴤ûһ񾭶ڷ㣡
ܸͣԼ˵ľֻһ䣬ҧؼ̶֣֮һ岻ϵ³ʹཬûҲҪǰߣ
һǰһŲһϣ
أ޳ܵƺϵȴԽԽǿоԼŵǸѾ÷ǳɳڣһǿչԣ֧ǰϵĽ⣬Խ財
ڣھѰ֮㿿˽硣ֻһɲǣ汬Ľ⽫˶
ɲǼ䣬ɢúƬ綼ڳ˯һ㡣
޳һ͵Ͻ磬һ糱ˮһ㱬ںһس緢
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޳Ӹµǣϵش߷һŽɫĴƬʶסһ̣ǾԵסլ
޳㱰ɣԶ˾ͽ޳Ϣת䣬Ϊʲôø˵ֶΣʱ˫۷죬ݺݵ
޳С˷ϻԼʶЩ籩ѹ£÷ǿʼģͬһйɵ˶һȻγɣɢһǿص
ǻĻˣͻȻͣһ£ЩãƮһ£ƺŵҪȥ͵س޳Ʈ
ԭлô޳дϲӿĿơһ̣籩תؿ֮һƬǿϵؽ
޳̫ˣ˾ͽҪˣҲ˲ãžһͳһĶ͵һ¾ͷ
ڤģǵļڤģԪҲʵһЩŵظǰһĺĶ
ⲻǰɽһšһţԪüôһأǰѰϣֻ˵ֻһŶѡ
޳Ĳ뱻õ֤ʵеûô𾪣ֻǼӿѹٶȣҪչ
˾ͽͻȻ۾ؿ޳һۣЦ͵һ𣬶ںʲôѳȥһ㣬৵һ³Զȥ
ã޳һæȥӰٶȷǳ֮죬ټмڤ赲ѹ
Զƺɫѿµȥ
ģ
չʱȴûˤڵأڽӽʱͻȻӵվ
ղôˣû°ɣֵʵͬʱһ˵Ϣƺû״
һ̣춸˺ȻЦץԵһ³ž˹
ǻħ䣿޳һסǣ
ô£ʲô裬˭ˣüһߵֿڤģҪһѹˣһӾͳ
СӣЩ԰ԪȻü˵˵ţ͵һһԴѾͷסˣ㣬һҪѹƣȻͻᱻɻ꣡
ꣿ޳Ҳһ˾ͽõվꣿ


1339 
޳ˣԶҲ֪˾ͽƼ޳ԼЦŽ
ϵϢı䣬ǰһ޳ֵţԪ飺֪ʲô飿
˵׼طܵǣꡣ˿̽뵽ѾͷһԼڡ
ʲô޳д󾪣Ҳһ˿˾ͽΪٶȣЩѵ뵽ڣһ˭
ϴǵúǿǳŲסˣǱߴһ޳æתͷȥȻϵϢѾֱ߲㣬Ǿϻмڤĵı֮˿ͱɢˣ
޳͵תͷ˾ͽϵϢѾصǳ㣬˿ȫڤĲű֤˵ǿѹ壡
Ԫ飬Ų²ӦûҪΣ޳
һҪֹˣԼţȲȫԼоǣһ߻ˣ֮󣬿ǶĶ֣ʱᱻɱԪ侲ط
ֻǽܷ鶼޳ڳҪξȫԼ
޳֪Щؿžȥ
ԾȣԲʹõֻҪ޳ûһ뾡һа취ս޳Զɿسž˷˹ȥ
תһɲǣǿѾһ֮ԶĻ͵һ£ϴݲеعâһ˲Щյأȥ
˾ͽûװߣ߶ڤģŻ㸲ǹȥǿĺܵĿͲһεѹ˲ӡ
һ£Ʒ´½ƵģͻȻͷ˾ͽȥ
ϴ㲻Ҫˣ˳˾ͽǼ˷ɹȥˣżغ
ԣ֣Ͽȥϵشһ䵽˾ͽϣҲżؽйżмֻ˵ļأ֪еżѡ
ǶҪ˵ˣעǳȥ޳ͬʱһˣһžһȼȼճɾ޴һ¾ͽܵĺܽ⡣
һָɣͳ嵽޳ߣؽΣ㶼ñ֮˵õˡȻ˵ƳģαȱˣϿȥԼ飡
һʱҲͲ˵ܣֻܴߴ޳Ͽȥ
Сģ޳͵ƿˣƣžһ¶ˣˡ
˶ֱȥһξͣ¡Ҳ𾪣
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ʱԶ˾ͽЦˣڵõˣԺΨҶ˶ҽ£
תͷһƼ˾ͽץһ貵ˣʱżض޳ȥɣٲȥ
ǵĻ䣬޳ȻоڴһŹֵ춯һֻǬȻ˳һɳ
ǡ棿޳һǰĶͫ͵һ콫ⶫˣⶫôԼܳ
ʲôʯߣϴ澹Ȼ̺Ȼָ潲
ȷʵ޳Ҳ𾪲ѣǵúʱǰɽժⶫʱ򣬲ûһ˿ھȻŲ
ⶫⶫ֣ǲԪȻü͸һ˿ã
ڼƲѵʱȻڿն޳ͷ̻˼£ֱֱسǰȥ
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ûˣȽ˾ȳ췽ң޳תͷ˽ӹݹ췽͵ؽȫע뵽С
˵һ£췽ݵرǣȫС޳һ췽εطסתͷž˵ǣҵҵ·ͻƳһ춯ͽ췽򿪣
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޳ٵ飬ٳǰȥĿܼٵؾţس׶
ʲôǰ˾ͽŭĺ
޳̧ͷȥͻȻǣ̲סһ֣ģ
ֻ棬һżӲһ㣬ҧŻˣ˾ͽչսɢһ㵭⣬˾ͽһ𣬾ȻҪںһĸо
޳ͣǰûеһʱ̳֣˼ؿǰֵ棬ռڤĵ
޳Ļ쵰Ȼ⸱ӣбĿʾˣװŪʲôú˾ͽݺݵغ
Լ쵰С˾Ȼֱˣ֪𣿡ЦǼʶ޵仰ʵдգ˾ͽԸ޳һЩ
˾ͽû˿ҪˣûշģֻһзŭȫѹУһһֲر
ˣ˾ͽϵȫע뵽ڤĵУֻһ˲ڤľһİĺһӾͽܶע
ϾޣһӾͱסʹ˼£ûѳ޳״ǰһ𱬷һ¾ܳſһƬε
䣡׳Ļһ±ȼű硣һƬˮһ˿죬ڰĿռԵ
޳ˮִ̧߶һֱֱسżڤĹ˹ȥͬʱȥ˾ͽȥ
˾ͽɫһܲ˵غǻڵʲôң
أһ̣Զ췽Ȼӵϵžһ·ɵ˿СӰವһ³˾ͽȥ
ãסǣ״ɱȥ
ߣ֪СȻҲ赲ǣɱһһ籩ֱֱسž˳ȥ
磿һѣƼ׹µľˣطɱȥûһ
޳ȴͻȻֵһĻŵû꣡Ȼ˾ͽ뵽Сһ˭ܸойϤУһɷŭϤС
ӦòսϼһСӣ㵱ĵ㣬Ҳ򵥡ԪȻ
޳ͷûüֹѾ뵽˾ͽڡһ˲˾ͽϵϢͱֱֱϳȥһֱ嶯ǳ߲㣡һľٶ
Ԫֻܸ̾սСҪ֪ԼûʵֵģЩʵ֣֪ʲôΡ
޳ɣõ˾ͽؿ޳ûеһʱȥǶǱס棬ವһ¾ͳ˹ȥ
ɵӣ޳һƼľٶ̲סЦ˾ͽһķ©
޳һ৵سҲ࣬һˣҪתȥŸתͻȻɢһص죬ͺڿһ㡣
޳ͻһһɼµı৵һӳңͻأɱֲ


1340 ǬȦ
˭
˭
ͬʱһ޳һȥԪ鷢ж𶯲ѣȻһĪϤ
ء𶯸ӾһסĺڿҪһ㡣
Ԫ飬ô޳ʵ
Ҳ̵֪ģܸоǵһַǳҪôû취СӣⶫԼжϣһֱЩң¸ѶϢԪؽ
Դӽ¹ŵؿʼһֱйɲ̫ĸоļ䣬϶ĳֵ֣ĸоȥһǳĵ飬ȴĪؾöѹ֣һ㶼Ĳ
޳ԪĴ𰸣˵ʧ䣬ֻʣãǰĸоͺһν¹ŵأͻȻϮĲͱˣˡ
һеĻˣת˻ȥ
˾ͽһֻֻ۾ضеĻˣͬʱҲע⣬ȫעһߴ߶ڤѹ棬һ߳޳ȥ
޳һͺȣˢһע뵽Сֻһ˲ԭЩϡͻȻͬõȾɫһ㣬Ȼúʵʵһ㡣
֮ģһɰѹȻͬѹһ㣬ܵĺƵõ
˾ͽɫһû뵽޳һǳ㣬Ȼôǿʵ˷˼ʶؾԼһ
Ҵ⣬һ´߶޳ͬʱڤıݲеر֮ס
أƷǳ£ϵض޳ȡ
޳һ˼һžһ½סһ̣һǳõĺһ㣬Ȼȫ˽ȥ
ͬһʱ̣ϱһҫ۵⣬Ȼʼܵı֮ں
˾ͽܵ쳣Ȼļڤģ𾪵ͬʱŭ֮
޳Ǳҵģ˾ͽȻ˱仯Ȼ
޳ЦȻ㡣
ߣûҡϧ֪̫ˣΪ˾ͽеڵģؽֻ΢ջһһ˾ͽΪĿĲֶεļһ嶼Ըóᣡ
޳ڵ飡޳ؿ˵ͬʱȴδͣϵس濿
Ͼͻˣƿ˾ͽǰһĹâһһһĶ
޳ͫһⶫȻİȦʶⶫĿֲ֮˿ȻҪص
޳˵زռ䣬һδֻ»Լȥ
ߣͲùĵˡԼôɣ˾ͽ˵ţ͵ؾٸ֣Ȧ߸ߵؾ
һ˲ȦһƬ⣬˼߶һǿѹɢһ¾ͽܵĿҡ
ǬȦⶫר֮ã췽ǡˡ뾰췽¡ֻһѾǬظ߼࣬췽ԱģԪ
ûƽ֮췽𣿡޳ʵԼӵеĵһ飬ѹûһаյġ
췽ɺԪû޸ãȻһǬȦ򣡡Ԫؽ˵һ㣬ͻȻ̧ͷ˷ܵؽСӣȥ
޳ٸû׵ļһֻܿԼˡ
ءƺǬȦĳҲܲ𶯵ظ޳ûֻǰ˾ͽȻһУǾͷɡϣҲڣ
˵ţ͵ؽ˾ٵ߳ǬȦңңԡɢĹâ৵һ¶ײһһ籩
˾ͽһżغҪʲô
ʲô޳Цһ㣬һһٵؽͬھ
ӣ˾ͽŭصЩ
һߣԭȾЩ棬޳ĻʱӼڼԣ
޳㲻ʵ˼˿ֻԼ߸ߵؾŻˣȫӿʶСǰӿЩѾȫ˿ֻоԼѾõǿֿǰǿĸо
˾ͽȻ¶һЦݣһ̣ȫһ³ʶеĽ˹ȥ
ֻ˵һȻһƬҫ۵Ľ⣬ҫǿң
ӣ˾ͽҪӶɳҧгݵغͬʱ͵ؾǬȦͼڤģһͨԼǰ
׳գԪҲ̲סһ⼫ڤб֮ǬȦȴŽ֮ܣ¿ɺãһһ𣬾ʹ߷һҫ۵ĺ⣬һ¾γһƬСһҪ⣬һҪһʱ˭κ˭
޳ô˻ᣬһգɿس嵽ߣžʩչһȼ
ǳһ£ʼƴŤתѾڻһƬСռ䣬һ
룡˾ͽƼһĻҧϧñԴ֮ע뵽ȦĵСֻһ£ǽȦһ޳
ˣǿܿöֻһ߽֮⡣
۵һ£ѳѸٵس޳ɹ
˾ͽֱһѪ˳Ȼһѣ
޳ȥɣýڤֱǬȦ޳ҹ
޳˫һϱһǿƬСʵʵϣ̵ķصһײϽȦ
䣡ҵײܶ磬ǿ籩͵ͬĩһ㡣
Զˣõɳȥ
̫ǿˣѹƲסü
췽Ҷ췽Ҵ򿪣æͬʱ췽˳ֻһ£޴󰡵ķȻֱӽ췽Զȥ
৵һ£ĵɫƥֱֱسȥεؽס͵˿˵ӿٶȣǾ㲻ܰæҲԲܳΪϴ׸
ûһŬ췽߶һֳ̱һжҲŴ߶չͨ
һߣ޳״ȴǺܺáǬȦǳ߲Ĵ߶£֮֮ǰսռʱҪӴļٱ˿ֻоʹһµײȻֱĴϣȴȹ廹ʹࡣ
ʶʶ಻ԣֻһ£亹¡
˾ͽǳǱЦŽֻǿʼȷҪͬھ𣿹
ͬھ𣿡޳ȻһǣжԪƴˣ󣡡Ȼ˾ͽϰݣͰһѣ
ԪĿ͵ۣ룬صصͷã
һ˲޳ֳһע뵽Ԫ֮УԪǷɿٻһƬͼؿ
ģ޳ڳһ¡¡ԶصĴűһ㣬һɲãϢ֮
ʲô˾ͽɫڣһ˿ֱؾΣգ
޳ޱؿ̧֣һһ³أǿգ
Ʊ˺һҳصĻһɺ嫵һչһ޿ƥеȻ
̼䣬ܵȫ޳ȥ޿赲
ôܣ˾ͽ͵סȦǿƲסس޳ȥͬʱܵ˴̼ȻͻȻҪɳȥ


1341 
棬ʲô޳ͻȻĶò֪ηӦʵⶫ˿ҪǵңһԪУɾֻܳΪһˣ
ȴƵģǲ֪ʲôʶֻȻ
޳ס֣˾ͽҲоŵɫҰסҪӳ޴ܹסǬȦȥڼڤģóңһȥɾˣ
޳ؿؽ㲻ǺͬھⲻΪ룬ҪһĻᡣ
㣡˾ͽ֣Լ޳ǰ֮ܶ޷ǿֱѪšüͷӣԼᱻ㲻𣿡
޳Ц˭˵һᱻģ㿴Լ
ʲô˾ͽæͷȥȥԼ徹Ȼڻд󾪣߶ڵļڤģнԼס
̲ס޳˷ʱ䣬ϿӣüڤĶסʱգϿ뿪
ǻˡ˾ͽżغ
ܶʲôûˣǻ˻ܸ𣿡޲ýЩô
㲻˵Ƕǵõ𣿡˾ͽҲЩżǼһ˵ҪǵòԼɢֱƿ塣
öҪľɵҲûЩʲô뿪
˾ͽʣֻô߶ڤٻ˳
һߣ޳ɫأһ˲˲ض˾ͽϵı飬²³Ǳ߷ĶԪȫ᲻ĳ£
ԪĬһµշʱ䱨ġޱȣͬδ֪磬һŪþͻȫ𡣡
޳˼Ҳȥֹ˾ͽ룬ʼ£
ȵȣСӺˣżָ˾ͽܵȻֹ
˾ͽһǳֹͣ˶ͬʱнǬȦ׼ã֮
޳͵Ƽǰ춯һ¡
ץ׼ɿغ壬
˾ͽķӦǳ٣ವһ»һ⣬޳ɱͬʱеǬȦžһ³޳˹ȥ
ģ޳ɫһһǰȥͬʱ߶󣬶УԭЩ棬ֿʼٶ
޳̫ˣ˾ͽйЦ͵һ½ڤƳݺݵ˹ȥ
ǿƵı⺮ܶס޳ֻоһһʧꡣоһᣬʲô˳
״һ۵һͷ˳ȥ
ˣ޳͵һӿ߶󣬳ǰȥֻһɲǣͽǱ֮׽顣
޳û뵽ᱻҵõɣ˾ͽһգεץסǿȭͷС貾ˣֹסĵ⡣
Ƴһ۳Լ棬мЦһתߡ
һ̣Ȼ緢һ㣬ವһ¼ӿٶȣ׺ײ˹ȥ
ģ˾ͽһżڤĳװȥ
ֻͣһ죬澹Ȼ类ڻһ㣬৵һû뵽˼ڤڣֱֱ˹ȥ
ôܣ˾ͽ󾪲ֹŵؿǰһСûΰɣⶫȻ˼ڤģ
ͻȻһƺߣݺݵ˦ֱۣҧгݵغɿɿ
澹ȻҧסеĻˣŽֱҲҧסѪ
޳ȥǳ𾪣ǰһЩ޷ӦδҲ̫ǿһЩѵһĵ
һ̣˾ͽǱߴһʹƺȻԸϱۣеĻ˻һֱֻۡ
֪ΪΣ˺Ȼһҫ۵Ľ⣬˾ͽȫС
ģ˾ͽ߳ŭķ񣬴߶ȥڤıǿҵĺ˪޴һӽѿǿŻˣЦһת㳯Զȥ
޳ۣǻƺֶ֪࣬ʲô
ɣ׷ˡԪЩεؽ
޳ͷҲ룬˻ȵЪֹವһ³뵽ϣ·֮䣬ж
⵽ʲôأԪЩɻüʵ
Ǵ¹ŵصдġ޳Ϊ͵˵ͬʱž˷ɹȥ
¹ŵأԪͻȻȫһ£ѹ֣ѹ֡Сӣһֱǹŵ⣬кֵܶõĻһٻȥһˡ
޳ֲ²⣬Ҳûж룬ͷӦƬռϹսһҪȥһˡص¹ŵأʮ磬лҪȥһ
ϴû°ɣ˴췽Ƽ޳Ȼʱ˵زˣղſǵˡû뵽˾ͽȻͶ
ǣǶԪ߷ߵؽ˾ͽôҲʮǵг֮ӣԺܾܿǳȻȥϷһСطֻ֪аСˣߣ
˾ͽֿ֪꣬ɷʱʵЩ򵥰ü
ֿ֪ܲһһԪһˣһҲ֪˭޳
Ǹ˵ϢҲİܸоЩ졣
޳ҡͷǰ̫Զûв̽һ˵Ϣˣռɡֻǻˣˣ޳
ʲôɫһ䣬û޳˼޳ûдֻ
ô죿ǶϵϹܣ˵ܹ⿪ϹŻ֮աĻ֮˶ȥµʱ´ҡ
Ϲżмص뼸λһ£Ҳͷ͵Ĳ࣬жΣ˵ģ
ͷǰһֱΪ޻̸֮ӸղƼǻ˿ʼҾͷǶˡ˵Ĵڹ񣡡
Ҳܡ϶һļλ˵Ǵ˴γΪĲ
ʲôǿɻ˵ģ϶֪𣿡϶йϵ飬޳Ҫࡣ
ҡҡͷҧҧ϶Ӧû֪ǴӼλϵ̬Ӧòͺͻ˵϶ǧɫһߣϱǿΡУǻġ
˵Сؿһ޳͵͵ؽ˵ıûҪ϶ƣǡ
е˼Զ޳϶ǸɵѾͷΪ˱ȫŬ
϶İɣһȥģ޳ĬĬ
Ҳ겻ѣתͷһããһƬҲ֪˾ͽǻ쵰ܵʲôطȥˣȥһǼǰ
޳һܣΧָֻһƬãصͽѾ˾ͽʱ׺޳м
һյָ·һΪָǰĵ·޳һ𣬽ǰߡ˾ͽԼġ
ǸС˳ǣȻѰ𡣼ȻҲֻܵԶˡ
˼ǰȥǰæһƬһӡ׺Ա޳ķ򣬴ŴҲǰȥ
֪˶ã͵˶ʼƣۣǰľɫڳһЩ䶯һָǰһɫֱǿ쿴ǰзˣ


1342 龳
߸ߵĴֱڵͶһɵӰӡ߽˲ŷ֣ǽǻɫ˽Ƶģֻڱ£һֻɵĴ
ôоЩѹ֣ɭɭĸо˴ֱۣ˲ӣ޳ǰ
޴硭µس޳߿˿ЩǵǰײֺĹ
ֽ͸ƣ޶˵Ȼ𾴡޳ƽؿǰĽͻȻޱȵĻҪЩ֮ͬ
ϴô죬ǽȥ𣿡ҲЩëüʵ
бѡ𣿡޳ЦطƬҲûҪˣϼ꼸ʮ궼δܹߵĳȥ
޳ȳǰȥͬʱԼ뾰˻סԷ
ż˵߶ǷֽµĵȻһ仯ԭȹ⻪ĵ棬ͻȻһӲһȦȦͺˮڻһ㣬һܵ
޳һǿٵͷûץסǰͻȻһ˱㱻ٵشͽȥವһ¾ͳڴ档
طôһ޳΢΢üͷǲţĵǻаɣְЦԼ쿪ôףǻôܵԪʲô
ﲻǻСӻûôԪȻĵؽȻ˵ţжյǺΣϾǼһĲܣʷϾ޽еģ
޳תͷһۣҲͷȷʵǻϢ뾰ﶼһ
˿̣ȫһƬ崺أﻨ㣬ĸоǻϢȴǽȻ෴ģ
طЩ棬ǻþ𣿡һǰߣһ̾ƼռռĻþ֮ʱǾȣǴ˵ظǵĸоˣط˹ʵ˵û˻ǻþ
ǻþܲǡ޳֪νܸͣоǵĻһС磬һжʵġͺõĶһ㣬ǿģ
Ϣ֡濴ŵࡣؽõľѬһᣬѾûǰŸˡ
޳ѴҵİĻþδ֪һ߾裬ҪǰԻס
ѽǿ쿴ǰиһ̨ӡȻָǰһɫĸ̨
޳ȥ淢ǰһһҵĸ̨齨һԲεĹţԶԶȥǺ
޳һ뵽ΪȥĴ룬ವһ·ȥ
ȥҡ䵽̨֮ϣ̽һȷʵжѻˣûΣյϢ
תͷż֣ǬóħˣŹ·ܹȥ
ˣһ΢춯춯ԽԽ󣬴һƬҫ۵ĺ⣬ŶС
Ǵ󣿶ҿӻ˸˵ؽ
ҶСĵ㣬᲻ҪҴ޳һߣһС
Ȼһ̤֮£ֻһСһ̣һůһ㻬ǵ壬һ̣ǰһѾһط
ô̵ʱ䣬ӦòǺԶ
ûӦþڸһСʹ󡣡޳һ˵һ̤ȥ
˿̣ѾһյУܽӲӵģһƬɽһ
ۡЩס۾˭ô̬޵貣ѵҪһֱ۾Ŀ𣿡
Ҫҽ޳ؽ֮ǰǻгԹܶǿлڵ±ȽϺá
ӣ֮ǰҲҽǼ˲δ֪صĹǿ󡣴˿ƼҲֻЩֶѡ
޳ϤһƼ޳ģѰЩֵʵ
һƵĵط뿴Ǳǲй֮ͬ޳ûؽ
ģϴ㾹Ȼôصĵطʵ
޳ûжིԿ϶ĴӦ񲻱֪ȻЩҵĹżп϶ѾмأǽһƼͻ
һʱ䣬˶ٽԶСسǰĦšҶдԵ÷ǳ棬ͬʱЩǣһʱ䣬ǰٶȲǺܿ졣
ǿ쿴ǰжȻָűߵһ亰Ǳߺڷ⣡
޳һǰȥһ˲վǾ޴ľǰʱ׻׵ԭء
龳龳оԼܺˣԪ飬Ĳ֪ʲôط𣿿龳
ĸ֪ƭǻ꾳һģһ
֣֣طôܳ龳ѵСӵǲܰʱʵѹܴﵽԪֵؽ
޳ؿǰڷһ㡣ȵĲط˻꾳𵱳ڻ꾳ƼһԺиһֱطŵ׺ͷҲصس龳е龰
Ǽһﲻܽȥ˰ɣ׺ôģ޳Ѿûȥ׷ʣֻ֪һеô£
ǿк˻棡ָǰһ޴ľӣãʵ⵽ʲôҺоһǿ
棡
޳˫ضŻ꾳˵ֱҪŴƣоԼĺҪϢĸо
ῴʲôأڴֽţ˫ֱֱضţԸƿһᣡ
ڻ滭һ㣬ԭɫƽľϣһ࣬۵ЦݣǿĵؾۼһһһЦһʹࡣϲŭ֣ʵۡ
Ҹоǵһ⵽ʲôʵЩؽ
޳ûлشضǰľ˵ģҪֲҿλ֪֮ᷢʲô
ȻһպȻһֻ޴ĳ֮ƣһжСһӻŮ֣ħֲȫһ㣬ɿسȥ
֣޳ȼһŭٴοһĻ뵱ڻ龳пһģһ
Ǿ޴ĳ͵ţÿһζ޴ķˣ̼㽫һɻҷɡ
ʱһ紴һ㣬Ȼ䣬һӾǾ޴ĳֻϡֻһ£ֻһ£ǳͱ飬ͬɻҷɡ
һŽӰ֮С
Ȼ޳Դ˵ӡƼʱֻʣ𺳣
һߣʹſã龳Ҳܸܵɢǿʵ˸Ǿǣһ˲˲ضǸˣһﶼ԰ףеһ𺳣
أͻȻһ£ֻгһ޴ȭͷЩݺݵ䡣һȭһȭܵľ޴ĳϡá
޳֪ЩֻǷѣ󻹻иӾ޴뵱Լʲô֪ǲǾͲÿ֮Σ
ǣһǿ߻ǳˣǽ˲սһһսǴضɫ֣Ҫʷᡣ
ǺȴûЩʷļأ˭Ҳ֪ʱķʲô飬ֻ֮һɱ
ǱԳˣͻȻͣ
ɽӵУ֮ǰڻпһ㣬ͷǿ׳ľԳǼҵ˭Ҳ˭
Ҫʹر۾вסغ޷ֹ¹ŵصĻ治ɱسǰ


1343 ҵ˭
ɽ͵ǳ䣬Ϊ֮ɫ͵֮£һж˲һǴ֪ϵȻǿ˵زΪƸΪֻƤëѣֻԳһ̾Ϣ䣬Ϳʱͣ
ǣɱȻֹѪɺӵĻ棬ÿģᣡ
̫ˣλŮѾ棬ؿǰһɱ
¹ŵصУͷԳһ𷴿ͷɫľԳɵѻʯȫֻи
𣡡Ƿ·ͷԳʹźૡǿȼʶźɫԳ
޳һ˫һ˲˲ضǺɫľԳȻǧһ֮ʣǺɫԳȻһӵģһͷɫĳֱֱشʣһ¸һֹϢ
޳һ˲˲ؿţֳǽԳƼǺʱֵģһΣ޳ض۾ƺͫʵķпһЩӵò
ϸ룬ͼǽӺȻæֱֱܿײԶɽҳǸ޴Ԩ
ʲôˣȻһηɱ޳𶯲ѣֻ벻ͨһѪķӣʲôģ
ô죿ˣΪʲôɱӣļʹ飬¹ŵصĲҵС
ֻ޳һɫأضǰǺӡ޹һ㣬ֱ졣ǵһμ棬¹ŵ֮еĻþУԼУ龳УѾΣÿһΣͷʱͷʹѡ
һһҪ®ɽĿ޳ػסԼʶǰ۾գһ¡
ǺӾؿǱײɽŴҿ֪йھλʹ
תŲӣڹ۲ܵΣԼսƷһǳ
޳˵ֱһĥѣһ㿴һǶ䣬ǲӣüǣһ㣬˻ȴֹת˹
޳鲻Խס˺ضһ̣ݵһͣԼҶѵ
ôܣ
ϡϴ󣿡
ŵؿŻ꾳еĻ棬ָӵŵɫҰףѡ
޳˫ͨ죬Դ˵˫ȭͷҪŬܿסԼĲ
Ҳţţҡͷǰ
ô
ôܣ
޳оˣ˵ģжôҲ벻ͨǸɫԳӣȻһģһ
ܹɷӰЩָ˵Եħйأһ¹ŵص״ÿҪ˵ʱʹ
һޱڸǸˣ
һɺϣֻ֮󣬳ƵһѡߣֻһþԼеħ޳סذοԼͬʱתͷԱ߿ȥ
ȴ֣һԼϵıԿҲˡǱ𾪣
޳侲޳вϵԼԼҪҡɾʱ龳ǸصĺӣȻֱؿ¶һЦݡ
ЦݣŶϤһеĳ죬ֱֱϹ˵ۣ޳͵һͷһŭ
ˣȻ֪棿ɺϻΪ֮оһжһУǳ˱ϵӡʮǰӰôܻ״
ϴ󣿡ֻñһ󷢺ŵؿ޳һģһӣֿ޳еĻһš޳һֱݵżָ·ʯǴ˿ָ̣·ʯȻȾˣһӾ˺ϣ˿֪˵ʲôźá
ԱߵϼãҲЩԥϾǰһĻǵʵ̫ǿ
᲻ǻþСʵǼһɵĻþ
޳ȻҡҡͷЩؽǻþڱĵطҲЩ棬ֻǵһģѡ
˶ϣ㶵վԭأ֪Ǻá
СӣһЩҿȻһֱĬԪ
޳£ǰһ龳ýһЩ
һ˲ֻоĵﵱгһƬ𵴣Ԫ龪ִŷŭͻأسʶУôȻܣⲻܣ
ʲôܣ޳żʵԪ飬ǲ֪ʲô
޳㿴òûУòԪݺݵؽǴҧгݵ޲͸¶˿ĵķŭ
ˣ˵⵽ôһ£Ϊλ˳һģһ㣬ΪλѡΪ޳˵˵ţжһݾһΣʦุĶ飬һ˿ɡ
ͷֻһ͵ҡҡԼͷԼǻͷˣôԻԪ飿˶ᱳԪ鲻ᣡ
ǰһָνͣолҲһжҵ˼㣡
Ȼôһ֣û뵽ҲΪ°ɣĹεӣȻִ治飡Ƽû㴦ĻıĶֳʲôӣԪ½ҪĽ
Ԫһ޳ʶУһ㣬˿ꡣ޳ǿеĻңʵ⵽ôһ£ܸܲ˵˵Ҫɵһڹ
ңȲҪңԪһ㣬Ԫвס߶ľҲһ˵ü
Ԫ飡޳һηԪ龹Ȼ˷̬ܵȶԴԼЩܵʵҲĶ޳ʲôӣѵ
ֻأֻأԪȻһض޳Ŀǰʲô˵ң룬롣
ԪϵضԼɵСӵ飬顣⵽ôһ£
ҪץץͷȴȻԼû壬৵һ´Դ˿綼û
Ķ𣿡޳оԼ̮һ㣬ϽкӡܽܣȻǸɱ˿ħôܽȥ
ʲôֻأʹǰҲԣ
㣬õģͻȻʶһЩ΢ȴܼᶨ
˭޳һ㶣üʵ
Ҳֻ֪оϤҪ׽ѡģһ˿ӽէһ˻һӣ
޳׷ʣȻоԼ½дһ춯һæʵֻ棿
ǵģһ˿˷ܣǰлл㣬ҲЩҲôõһЩָ
ģ޳ЩȡԴõ֮󣬾һֱǬУϾ˿ֲáû뵽澹Ȼ˼룬ܹ
ĵǣ޳ʵ
ˡЩ˸еؽ׼ȷ˵ҵ긽浱С
ꣿ޳ЩȣǰһϢû֣
һ£Ȼʵںб˵ϢղڸǸ𣿡
޳͵һȻܹԪĴڣԪԪǾҪܵģػصûУղֻǱǰԻһʱŶѡ
Ҳûмѯʣޱʵ˵˾㣬Ųţ
޳һʵΪô˵
֤ݣ


1344 
֤ݣ
޳ȻЩΪҪȥѯʣԸԼʲô֪
ȴܾľ𣬶֪¹ŵе˭𣿡
޳͵һһɲõͷһ±ʶҪܾ֪ѾԹԵؽǸ㳤һģһˣ
޳һÿҪһеѾ޷㶵Ļ
Ҹ浱Ѿк֪ܶܶ꣬еһЩϵϢһģһ񣬿϶ͬһˣ
޳ŬתҪɵ˼άҳһʵúö˶˵ڹŵصУʱɱңôң
ȻЦһֻһǶѣͲˡȥԼĵǣ뿪Ҫǻ뿪һƾܹȳƬ
޳Щ벻ͨΪҪɱң
ǵõסڣκ˿ȻṥˡЩؽƺ޳Щʶ֪ԵЩΡ
޳ϸĻ˽ûЩţһضԼҲǸˣ
ʵǸҲûʲôõģǱ죬죬Ҫʲôʲô㻹ʲôأȻЩĵʵ
ǲҪģ޳ȻȫҪɱ޹֮ϣԸҪÿ˶Լԭ򣬶ԭǡҪסԼĵ֣ɱˣֻɱɱ֮ˣҪȨֻҪԼһȡģ
ϴôˣ޳ȻĴеľȻعЩǵؿ޳
۾ģĳǿҵļ尾ֻСһ㣬Сؿ޳һۣȥ޴磬ҡ㣡ǰôˣ㶼϶˵Ǹˣ㹻ˣ
ġ޳𶯲ѣֳһ˿̣ǸҲ˵ͬĻɣ
϶ɵѾͷ϶ԥ֧ң޳ţоЩůůģʱ滺ࡣ
ϴҲ㣡Ȼǻ濴һЩֻҪ㣬Ҿ͸棡ֻҪ㲻ҪҾͺãҲǰһʼĺ࣬˵ֿʼ
ԣ޳ȥôҪҪֻǰԼȥҲؽԱߣҲ޳֧֡
ǡ޳ĶǸжЩ˵ף֮ʶǾȻܹ
һЩжؽ޳εºܣȻܹ̻
ĬĬǰһоڲءͻȻһ޵һ˿أӱܵ
棿޳һɫЩѿ
˸Ǵ󾪲ѣüʵʲô滹ˣ
޳ӻóǽ档
ʲôȻ˵˶ʵĵ
˵ꡣ޳û򵥸ǽһ¡Ÿս꣬ԪȻִ
Сӣˣ㣡Ԫƺǳŭһŭɶ
Ϊʲô޳ʵûҪ˺ǣΪҪˣ
ôô˾ͻˣڸͲպͻףԪЩͷؽ
㲻һɾ˺ҵѣҲ̫Եˣ޳ŸղȰοԼ飬ܾ
㡪Ԫ鱻ˣü˭㾹Ȼ͵ˣ֪ӽĿ֪ѣֱǸЦ
޳ҲЩҪȻЩ˸еؽѺᡣ㲻ɱҰɣ
ܹӦĴڣ޳ʵ
һ˵꣬ͺˡҲûӦֻЩǵʵ㲻İɣ
СӣĲ֣Ԫǰŭͷԣ˿ҲЩ侲޳˽ĺܣԵɱһ޹ˣȷʵܡ
ϸһ״Ƿǳǿ󣬱Ҳٱ޳ðɣôӦңҪ֮ġ
áһ޳ܹϾ֪֪治֪ģһ˿ǲġԪе˿Ը𣿡
ԪʲôʱˣֻЩң㲻ҪҶѣǵģϹʲô뿪
޳ЦǱԼͷ𣿼ʰһ飬תͷż˵߰ɣ뿪
ʱ龳ѾջظԭȵƽѾڡ޳һۣתǰȥ
˸ں棬Сرܿ龳ֻԳȻܳ׿ȥ
ƼǵӣЦЩɰޣİɣǳЩֻһӰѡ
֪뾰£޳еʵ˵˵ǰ׷ʲô飿Ԫ½ΪλḲ𣿡
Ϲ֮սʱضң׺ɣЩǶ֪ġҲ֮صһЩ仯бòеԵɣַ硣˭˵⵽Ϊʲô
²ص˵ܣ޳ҲһģȴһתؽԻ˵
ȥ̵ģòֱӳȥһ̣Ҳ̫ˣȻһУ
޳Ҳ½ŲûͣѾһĴСǽһǿϢ
ϴ㿴棬һ󡣡ָǰһ̨
Ǹ̨е̾µΧΧţһľ͸һ˿˿ϡڸ̨룬һεţװʻţȴɡ
ǿǵºȼգĺȻָŹ潲
˻ڿգҰһӿȻһЩĹӣ˿ȻһЩȼա
̫ˣöȥˣЩ˾Ȼȼգ̾ϸǰţҪʲôˣйҪؼҵĳ嶯
⹬ֻǽǿŲѡƽڷӡ״̬ܹȻ
Ҳ𣿡ǰһж߸ǵ֪̾벻ʲô
ˣȥܴܲ͵޳ż˽˿̣طѾû·Ҫ뿪ֻд⴫֡
ɾڼҪжʱԶȻһһ£ֱֱسϮ
ǣ޳͵һæż˺
ͬʱ͵һתõķžһƶ˹ȥ
䣡޴ĺըڿյĴУ𵴣˵ӶƵһƬ
˾ͽ˿ǰʱһ
޳ҲЩɻôͽˣȲҪɱǰ
ⲻ˵ãһ˵˾ͽڵøú̿һ˾ͽض޳Сˣ֪ǻ⣬Ȼװ֪ڼ䣬Ǹαӣ
С˾ȻαӣҽǼʶˣ˶Цˣ˿޳ֵܵز̾Ϊֹ
޳˾ͽĻȴҲЦüʵ˵ǻ⣿
˾ͽؽǻ˵ѹѾ˾㾹Ȼװ֪
ʲô
޳εľǻ˵֪ģôһӾͽߣ


1345 ȱ
˾ͽϢ޳𶯲ѣ˾ͽӣ˵ѣȻ˿ѹп׷鷳
ǵô£
޳Ʋѣн֮ǰ鶼ϸһߣҪҳе
Ȼ֮ǰľٶʱ治ǳȥ
ԣѹǻ˵Ĺâ࣡޳н
֪˰ɣԪؽأѵ˺ôȴû㽲˵ģ˭֪Ķ
Ԫ顭޳ЩЦãһﻹǵˣؿʵڡҲûʣѡ˲ɫ
˾ͽ˵Ҳ֪һҪΪģҲνûǼ֮Ҳ㲻ˡ
һ֪˾ͽ֮ĺϵѣټǲϵ֮ìͲܵ͡صĵˣ֪Ǻηʥûйᡣ
޳ڳˡãҾ͸ˣ˾ͽ
ǺǣҼЦЦ֪Ҽϴ˵ˣЦ
ߣû˵ķݣҪǲ͸Ͽ뿪ҿԿǷһ˾ͽ
ǲС֪ʵͻͽЩ͡겻˲Ĺؽ
㣡˾ͽһõ쭣һ´߳һǿĺ֮ͳ
ϴ󡣡޳һܣƼûڣǽ
š֪ʵ⣬˿ֻΪ޳飬ûзԣ˴
ߣ룡ɣ˾ͽЦŽ
Ҫû޳ؽһٹƣֱʩչǿ˾ͽȥ
䣡ҵײܶҡβֹҪһ㡣
޳ڴǰдߴٵ㿪󡣡
˵ͷͳʯһԵ뵽ӵС
˾ͽƼǵľٶЦٻڤġֻϢһǿһӾͽܵĿ
ͣŰһӱýΣķ˾ͽǹЦ̧һȦȦƳһѹ뼫ڤĵС
ڤһ糱ˮһ㣬һ¾ͽܶס޳ֻоǰĿͻȻı׶һ㣬̹ǵʹ
߷γһǿϣ⣬һ̣ϱһҫ۵Ľ⣬৵һ¾뵽ϵС
һɺ嫵֮͸һӾͱƵܵĺˣΪȡʱ䡣
˾ͽ˫һпЦǳܹ֮ǳ߲֮߷ļڤģȻЩ͡޳㲻ΪУǻΪõѣ
ǺǣϧҲҪѣ޳ػصͬʱ͵һһŸǿȻ߷һչʵγһβƵ硣
ߣ˾ͽЦֹббؿ޳ʵʶڤĵı֮𣿴ŻûƼӰɣһҾʶʶ᲻еģ
ãСӿܿԪȻżغͬʱ˫ֿٵش߷ͼһ߶޳סһϢ㣡
ã޳ɿע뵽ʶУһ˲ȫüĽһֽɫĳü֡
أ޴Ľɫֱֱش͸صײڼڤĴ߷ɫ֮֮ϣǿҵ
һӱӵǱӡ
˾ͽɫһٴνע뵽ڤĵУʱڤⱩǣÿһ˿ⶼżֻ֮һ¾ͽܵһռ䳹׶ס
޳üĽҫɫ֮ϱһҫ۹ţնһ㣬ϵ͡
̫Ĺâ뼫ı֮ײϣ֮׳˷ѩϵطܡ
ɲǼ䣬ƺ¡ëƮѩƬֳһƬɫѩڵϷɿؼѹ
ĺ䣡˴ֽţ͵غЩѩɲµĴѩ̺֮ž޴ħżı׶֮ʹָꡣ
ûоˣ㣬񻹲һżؿܣһʵ
ﻹУͬغ˵ͬʱóԼЯǬһѾʯһԵص
ֻǲһ£ʯͱǿı֮סһӱðããһƬ
ģǣҧгݵغͬʱһžһ´ȥ
һֱۣȴһ˿ӶûŪ顣
˵ɫ䣬żؿܵô죬Щ֮ʵ̫ǿˣǸ֮ѹûа취ԿϴҲֹ۰
룬ɿصһȽʯܽ
һֱͷͬ⣬Ļһ߶𣬲ϵȼ
ǱˣֻǸθ˶ѡЩֿˣôģ˾ͽЦϵϢЦϵ硣ͬʱڤĵҲԽǿ
Ԫ飬ûҵҪƲסˣ޳ʵ
ã㽫ңԪɿؽͬʱϵȫ߷һƬɫͼ৵һ´޳Ʈ
޳״СɷųȥԪ顣
֨֨Сصͷವһ¾ͳźɫͼ˹ȥֻצӷɿǰһ֣֨֨ѹɫͼС
СһãԪΪοԼ˼̳ˣСɵСȽͼأټһ
֨֨Сƽصͷ쳣ֻ࣬צѾ²Ӱٶȿ쵽˼¡ͬʱһһƱͼ֮úɫͼѸʵ
޳ǱߵҲǳšüĵĽѾ˶һСԪΣգý⽫ͼһ𣬶ԿŲǿ׳ı֮
СޣٽһԪ˵îܿһͼ৵һ³޳ͷ˳ȥ
СӹͼžһɫͼһʱһӴϢ˲䱬һһ㣬ֱֱ뵽޳ڡ
һ˲޳ϵϢ͵رʹһ㣬רſű⺮
ʲô˾ͽȻּڤĳһ󲻰Ĳ󾪵ʵ
׻󡣡ܾûжȻڵ
˾ͽһĴ˭˵ãȻĹˣȴֳ˱ǼŬ߶⣬ֻ޳ѹû˵
׻רŶԿڤģⰡȻ˾ͽʶһ̾ϢԶŵһ̾һ㣺ѣ𣿡
ʲôѣϼһ죡˾ͽ֪սĴڵģʱĳԵúǷС߶üڤĳױ
ģʲôͼô˹죿һ̣ɫͻȻףüʵڤľȻһ㣬֮⡣
޳״߶߶һӱ㽫ڤĶס
Ҳţ˾ͽŭغȻᱻƣڤ޵еģ˭ҺΣ
͵˫ۣԼȫ߷ʹһħһ㣬ֱֱسżڤķȥ
ɵһ룬ȻԼϵ˸ı䡣ǿϲವһͣڰС
ֻһɲǣͷԼƾȻ֧߱


1346 ȱ
ƣֱֱر컨嶼˾ͽһһ㣬Ȼſ˫ۣӭͻ
ôͻȻ׵ģ޳ɫһǰһĻٲ⡣طҲƵŶԡο˾ͽӣȻҪͻ߲㣬嵽˲㣿
йŹ֣Ԫؽͬʱвϵؼ󷨣޳Ҫ׼ˣڰ
޳ƣʵǲ˵ط£
ûʵʵڵģͻƣֻҪܹܵסͻͻƵ˲㣡ұս壬ѹڳܲס˵Ԫٽ
޳͵һǲ˵˾ͽضͻƵǳ˲㣡
Ȼ˲ֻ߲һ󾳽֮ȴǵһͻƵ˲㣬ζֽ֮һǿһʵķԾ
ǸѲĳ˹˼˾ͽʱżͬʱӿеٶȡ
̵ĺⱬ˶Сֻо͹ԤȣڱҪˣ
ûз֣⴫Ĺâ˸Щ졣ղûͶעʯȻתˣϸüǰĹʵ
㲻ǿˣ⴫һͷʹãȻԶģؽͲûǲɵˡ
ҲԣԼǲۻˣҲûзϣתͷžˣ뵽ƱжС
ߣǱˣûܹܳȥģ˾ͽЦžֱۣһɰ৵һ³ܱȥ
Сɣ޳˫һһߺһüವһռһȻҫ۵Ľ⣬ƥ֮ƣֱֱسżڤĳȥ
䣡ҵײȻը졣۵һ⾹Ȼֱֱش͸ڤģֻһ£ɢڿС
ãǿ޳˫һ̨˹ȥ
ڤĴ͸ֱֱسž˳ȥ
޴ĺյƬռ䶼ޱȣһɼı֮ವһ£̼ͽܶ
ֻüһ󾪺ͱ֣һɲǾʧȥϢһߣСɷڿУҪ޳ĶҲԭء
һһ㣬ɰʧȥ˻޳ͷһ˫͵ؾͺˣվûǣСɣģϼãȫסˣ
ֹҪ߶һȻǾͻᱻ׷飡Ԫٵؽ
Ԫ飬󣡡޳ҧҲֻʵзǳֶˣ
˾ͽһ޳ļƣǰľɫһ͹ЦͬΪڶ𣿡
ˣСӣϵˣԪȻü
޳һ⣬ʵô£
̵ģ澹ȻܹԪǿĽѹأԪżغһǿɾΣˣ
©ƫҹ꣡޳ҲЩżҪٿסǿɾıˣ
޳û뵽ɣɣ˾ͽЦţһ޳ƽͬʱڤĵȴڲ˾ͽһƵġ
ƴģ⼫ڤĵܹ죬ڵʵȻܳܣһӲԪżض
¸ûʱ룬ڤѾѸٶһӴĺ৵һ³޳ѹ
ɣ޳˫һضǰ˾ͽǴ߶ֻ֮Ҫһͻֱײľϡô̼䣬Ǿͻᱻɱӣ
ģСӣɵԪ鼱ôУҪǱӭײϣҲȥ
ѡ񣡡޳ɿ³⼸֣͵ǰһվĴ㡣ܶ㣬ʹƴҲÿһ
̹ǵĺ䣬δ壬ͽݸס޳ֻоǰһڣһž޴Ĺâǰ
û뵽ɣڤĵѹǱ֮⼫֮⣡˾ͽ˵Ц
ֻԭĺļڤģȻͨںڣһźɫĹವһ³ֱֱس޳
̵ģȻڤĽˣԪ͵һ˲䵽˹ȵף
ˣһ̣޳ֻʣһʣһΣǿҵıɵĸоأѸͣѹܼ˼ȻЩɱˣһǲҲָо
䣡
޴ײǳײһ㣬Ƭһ̣޳оǿĺ⣬̹ǡ
Ԥ֮еĻûеоԼ廹
ôһ£͵ܻˣ۾৵һµֱˣ߽ؽõɫ͹֮ϣһɫӰ֡
һϤζ˱Ƕһ̣޳ȻҪӯĸо
ţһ̧ͷͿ޳ضԼһЦ׵ϣЦ쳣ãϴҺҸϼˣ
˭ôܣôżڤģ㵽˭˾ͽֱһӶϵ˵ϣŭغ
޳һתͷͿԭȾ˺ɫļڤģһͻȻֵļڤѹס˿̣ĺڹѾҪϨĸо
޳ЦתͷǰɽģĻ漰ʱ
ٺ٣ɼˣ⴫һǰɽЩ˼ĨĨͷϵĺˮղſˣ¸ϵʱ޳Ѿ¡
ǰڴ͹֮ϣͿ޳һĻ붼û룬ͽļڤĸ˸ȥ
޳ҲûʱȥΪλֻܵȿѰʱ䡣˿̣ҪͬΨһĵˣ
㣬ǰɽǰɽǺӡϳһ˲͵ҡҡͷ㲻ǻȥôУôҲмڤĵģ
ǰɽмƳһۣȻңҪһȻûмڤҪ鶼֪ɵ˰ɣɱ˸ֲɣ
㣡˫ͨ죬
Ϻǣҵ˭ǽְô⸱ˣҾûǰӿ˳һЩǰɽȻüҡͷ
㣡˾ͽˣ˾ͽϵı鲻ϵر仯һ¶ı飬һֱ˾ͽķŭȥǻЦ
ˣҪ˷ʱˡƴˣ޳
ãϴ󣬼ڤĻ㣡ǰɽ˵ţವһٻؼڤģһ޳Сͬʱսʤھߣ޳ûк֮ǣ
޳мؿһۣżڤֱֱس˾ͽڣ˭
˵ţ͵ؽڼڤĵУȽϲжҲǳ׼ȷһע뵽ڤĵУһҫ۵ĺ⣬֮ղ˾ͽǿűҪҡ
˾ͽ˫һæԼǿһע롣ڿǵƴʱˣҲ뵽ϾȻһżڤģ
𺳵ͬʱֻܼһ㶼ٱ
޳ؿһĨ˼ڤľңңָ˾ͽһɲǣǿҵȻһһŵı֮ױը
ˣҵײܶòҡʵޱȵĹȻҪΣա
һ̣޳벻鷢ˣȻһĿһ㡣
ͬʱодһһͷһƣȻеļڤھҶ


1347 ʼ
ص籯Ŀһ˰ԹҲ鲻Խ
ڤڿ޳һЩΪΡȷʵܵеļڤĴһ𲨶ǾȻڰѹһ
˾ͽҲЩ㶣ЩŵؿԼٿصǿżڤġȻоǶƵģ޵ǰģɫʱؿżڤġ
ȥɱǣǿżڤ˾ͽȻǣԼڤ´
֪һ仰˼ڤģǿɢһ˿ڹļڤľȻһǿȻֱֱس޳ߵһ̳˹
ģڤ־ˣԪ
־޳һû뵽ⶫȻ־æԼǿŽסҪΪŰ
أɲǼ䣬ǿźĻһ㣬һҶһɲ˾ͽǿŵƱ
ˣ糤һ㣬ֱֱسŶԷȥֻһɲǣһɼǿı֮޳˾ͽ˶ס
ͬʱһɷǳӴ𶯴ܹýһ㣬ֱֱس
ˣҪһ
ǲ֪ǣһ̣Ԫ½صطȻҲ𶯡Ƭ½ѣһӱ
½أһЩصĵؽףವطһҫ۵ĳ硣ϸԷǳˣվһӰ
һصĵطԭڱĿŮӣ͵ۣѿڵү
С㣬ôˣһΪŮģŮ߽ڣĵʵ
Ůֻǵҡҡͷϲɫ˫۽ضŴ֮⣬ʵղſзʲô״
ūҲǺղֻԶɽȻгǶ˳˿ǻڸ߿в̽ءŮػص
Ů룬ͷһʧԭءһϢһé®УֱӳȥʵүүǲүϢ
é®Уһλ׷ԲԵ֮ϣһ߿һᣬһߺŲ裬ò⡣Ůط飬üЩεؽ϶˵ٴˡռҵļ̳ˣ߸ϵĴС㣬Խбү
϶ƲƲ죬СֹұүŮ˵үҲûҵˣһƺѣһʲôϵ
Ȼͺܴ󣬵ǶȴǺõĺܡ״ҲֻεҡҡͷҪˣ׼һ°ɣǸóˡ
϶һɫЩ˵Ǽ𣿿ǾʲôطѾ֪𣿡
ղط𶯣ǿҵӦԪ򣬻оλݵϹսŶ˵Ǳи¹ŵءûƴĻǵطӦҲǴ˵Щϵ
ǣҪȥԪ𣿡϶ûȥԪǲζţܻ޳棿
߿һԼŮʲôһ罫˼ջȥ޳ûõǼĳϣ
ߣүôǵʱϾͺã϶ͷһᣬؽ
㣡߱òѪ滳ѾͷǲգжԵΪ˱ͳȥһºڲѡû뿪ֺڴˣ
緢ʱһģżڤľͬҫ۵ɫ̫һܵһͱס
޳Ѿ˵䣬Ҳǰɽһó췽
һߣ˾ͽϵػеĽȦϽԼƹı֮
ɫͿԿ˿öҪѪˣԼȻͣԼָˣ㽫ԼҲסҪûȦ˿ҲǼһ˱ˣ
ͷҳôͣ˾ͽżԼڵλߡ
Ļ䣬Ҳʵͷ˵ȥǶ군
֪һֱΪֻһżڤġҲǲǰ֪ԭšսЩƣؽ
㣡˾ͽô־󣬵֮ȴȻܹ⡣
˾ͽü£ҪôֱӲҪˣҿǻԿ
˭˭һأ㾹Ȼ߸˵
ǡ˾ͽƵ룬ǰǻ˶Ըôھ᲻ɼڤˣ
ڵ˼빲֪ͨ뷨ʱôҪ⼫ڤҲˣ͸ɣ
㣡˾ͽŭԣٶ˵ʲôҲٶʲô˭ˣֻܱѹһ
޳Ǹһֹͣ˾ͽײһԽԽҵļڤģʵ
޳üʵܽǷֿ;ֺܷˡҾԲԣ
˾ͽɫʱһ߷ߵض޳ҪֹܹͲˡۿżڤĵԽԽȥᵹ
ϴ쿴ǵĶСˡ㿴ɢмơȻ޳ӣС
޳̧ͷһֹȻˡǼڤĵƺڼ֮ģһ֮ȻȻܵһ֮
⻹棬ֱ˴ͬ࣬ϧ𣿡޳Ц
ôޡǰɽţЦԼԼ쿪ȵˡ
Ļ䣬ŴһʼĶһļڤģȻܵ˾һ㣬͵һ·˿
޳˫һʩչǧವһ¾ͳ˹ȥ嵽ֱֱس˾ͽһţ˫һ£ڻСವһ£嵽ԼһߣҲһ
̲һϢ֮䣬һκû꣡
˾ͽ㶵ؿ޳ûзӦһȵʶʱѾˣ޳ѾŶյ˻У
㣡㣡˾ͽ˰죬һ仰ȴ鲻Խܡڤ޳̬ϣɣ
ߣߵ𣿡޳ؽͬʱóԼһżڤģ৵һע
һ˲һ޴ıֱֱ֮س˾ͽȥֻһ¾ͽܵĿס
˾ͽɫϿʩչôܸ޳ǧȣûܵתǿڣͱ޳סȥ·
˾ͽˣ޳Ц֣֮ǰᡣ֮ǰ˫֮ʱҲ˰㡭
Ǻǣ˾ͽٰæȻ޳ȷʵҪ鷳޳Цڳɹ˾ͽ˿ЦŽԣһĿһ㣬ܺܶʹࡣ
㣡˾ͽ¶׹⣬Ҳ˵Ⱦܣֻϣܹȥ
޳ٶȷɿ죬ڤǰһӣһ޴ıವһ³ȥֱֱز˾ͽĺġ
˾ͽʹغȻҲֻһ˲䣬ͱڤĵķ֮ʵϡã궼ûܱ⡣
ģΧȻһŭӰವһ´ǶԱӵгֱֱطԶ
޳һղ꣬ٴŵһϤζǵ˵ζ֮ǰԿ֮ʱҲܵڸղţϢָȻһŭϢͻأŵҡ
ڻһɲǣǰȻ׹һһӰӺȻ৵һ°ס˼ڤģವһԶȥ
𾪲ѡ棿


1348 ʲô
棿
޳ǰһĻпһ£ŭ⡢֮Ǳˣ
ԣˣһֻ棿ꣿ
㿴ɣ͸߹ˡ׷ˡԪҡͷ
Ϊʲô׷ˣ޳Ѿ׷ȥʵҪͻȻң˿Ѿص꣡
Ȼ֪ˡԪȻٺЦŽ
޳⣬Ѿֱֱس˳ȥǧʩչڿãĴвϵطɴܡϵǣٶȾȻ£ÿҪ׷ϵʱǶܹȱܿ
Ѱҳڣ޳ڴвطɴܵ棬ü
ˣʡŵɡʵӦ൱׷ϵġԪȰ
֪˭޳ȻʵԪƺ浱еǳϤӡɵ
Ҳֱ֪Ǽһ϶ǺˣȻͣǹ浱Уһ棿Ԫ鲻мؽ뵱Ưʱ򣬿ɴûƷζĶ
޳ЩжδҲ̫һЩǰֳӣȷʵԪ齲ӡӽԼȡԼøУӦͼ
ϴʲôǰɽ޳һֱȥ׷ͷ޳ڸԭתȦȦ
һƼǶ۾ʵǲҴ¹ŵժôԼˣ
һǰɽ͵ͣһ£Ȼֱֱسǰɽɱȥٶȿһ⣬৵һ¾ͳ嵽ǰɽǰ
޳жʱһس˳ȥͬʱɿóһżڤģ˹ȥ
ˡͻȻ䣬סһ̼ڤͻȻҪ汻һţҲֻ÷ǰɽתԱ߷ȥ
޳һжʱע⣬еļڤģϵس湥ȥһʱΧĿסû
ǰɽ״ʶطȥֻ鷳ǼˣҸղžȻҪɵĸо
޳ߣ׷棬ڤıĹâԽԽ貣һּڤĴ
ƺӦΣգȻһĵҹòãҪЩ
ȡǵΪĺ޳С֮ˣԲ֮Сˣ޳ؽ
ĵؽ˵ѡ
ûѣ޳һ˿ŭİΪȻ˶ˣһأôرģ
ⶫȻʱװǲҪԪȻü
ҪҲǻ᲻ģвǻһûС
޳ֱеش𣬾żڤľк˹ȥ
͵һ৵һ£һƬҫ۵Ľ⡣ֻһɲǣϢͱһӴȻ
޳ɫһŵؿǰЦԭн˵ߵ㣡
Ūǻ˵û뵽֮ǰֻȻĴ˼Ȼɵһ
͵һ£৵һӣһȦȦ৵һ³޳ѹ
һǿ˵Ȼ̬Ŵ߷ôһ㣬͸ôѹ
ˣ޳еļڤģƺȻʲô־һȻವһ޳У¸ͣ
޳һôⶫȻǻһǰݲ룬ǱѾʼұ貵ĽԽԽңȻҪƷơ
ϴǱ߷ʲôˣҿҪ˰ǰɽԶżغ
޳зɿؼһ£һֱȥѹֵˡæҪȥ赲
ŸȻЦ㲻ҸǿȰ㻹ǲҪҷΪһὫȫ
Ҳ֮ǰǰ㽿˵ǰһʮųкӣǴ˿һ׳꣬һޱȵ׳ӣ
޳ʵ֮ǰһֱڼװ
֪Сû㵤ﵱôӵһ˿мղŵ̬ȼֱˡ
汻˺޳Ѿķŭڵƽؽӱ¹ŵصʱ򣬾Ѿ˼룬𣿡
Ǻǣû֪Ҳ١һ㣬һҪмģҪ㣬ҲôͻָЦŽ
ԪȻԪ̵ģ˵ǿʱôԪȥˣǽ˸Ӹ˱ˣ
˿Ǻ޼˳ǣǰɽͬʱҲ׵ĺܣû棬Ҳḽط˵Ǹڵʵǰɽϡ
޳ȻҲ뵽ܣһ¡
ԪĻЦ֪Ҳ١ʵӦøлңҰôǰֱӱǹĿˣ
ߣ˵ͷԪүһȡߵ˱˻ԡɾԪô
ȴǲʹȻѾ˺ƣҲαװ˽޳Ԫ£ҿԷȥ
ǡԪͻأس֣ʱ޳ôûἰֵĹŶǰȻ֪ԪԪ֪ò
㲻ҪˣҵˣҲ޳նؾܾ
㻹Ҫ𣿡ʵ
û㲻ð׷Ļˡ󡣡޳ȻЦ
һʶؾתȥһһֻ޴İƳžһ죡
֣޳жʱ˿׺ڳˣԶǰɽ״Ҳæ˹
ϵЦݻûɢͼ׺Ȼ̹Ȼڵϵ棬üȥ鿴һߣüһ¾Զȥ
֣޳󲻽⣬æ׷ȥһ̣һǿ̧ͷǰﻹ׺Ӱ
뿪˵ߣֻһ䣺Ͽ뿪
ģôڤ°Ԫ鶼ҪˣŭͷôˣʼеϸɲģԪүүһָʵȻһҪһ
Ԫ飬˵ˡ֡޳Ƶؽô˵ģеȴɽһ㣬һһѹ
ϴô죿ǰɽ߹Сʵһ׺ģ׺ʶáһʼĲ¼ɣһ㣬׺ܹڽҪͷ֡
֪޳׺ҲֵܣҷǳΣһĻҲʵЩܡ
޳ܿתͷܹ۲һ£ִ˵ط˶ѣղһڣҪˣ
Ȼ֮ǰʣɽΪλͻȻ
⻰ʱһЩ飬һþ֮ǰǸǰɽ
ǰɽһ˵˾æǰ֮ǰǸУʮ統УУǵðɣ
޳һϲʵص
ǰɽͷûԭҪ㣬Щˣҽţû취ֻȥû뵽ڲùǺǾ͸˹ȥ
˵Ȼ޳ϴǻֱܹӴ͵ԪĴ󡣶ң﷢һܣ


1349 
¡УǰɽĻԵǰ΢޳Уȴʯһ㣬ÿһ¶رأ
ϴ˵˲ˣǻΪǻģû뵽ȻͨģһɣھԲֹһǰɽؽ
ֹһη⴫ģ޳ʵǰɽ̫ˣ
˵С֮ǰΪ̫ˣ뾡һа취ͷһСĽһ󣬳ڱʮڡøϵˡǰɽ
ô֪ģ޳ʵ
ôǽʼ˵ֲȻֱӸ׷˳Ҷץ˻ȥ֮˶Ƚǡһؾпǵһż͵ҳڣ汻ҵһСΪ˲ڻɣǱ뷨ӣܳˡ
ǰɽ˵֮ǰ֣ЩľҪһ룡
˶ټҪ˵ʵҷ֣ǻȻԿԪ½طڼʲôһһҸڰдֹ̽ˡһֱп϶ı
ӣ޳ҲЩ⣬˵ģǱ֮˵ҪʲôĶɾֵ˼ˡ
ԣǲӦǼӣпܣֱӵЩӵĴ󣡡ǰɽصؽ
ڵƺԽԽˡ޳룬ͷ˴Ҫˣ뿪˵ɡ
˱̧֮ǰǴ͸̨ȥѾ޳ԪУһεıⲻͬգʩȣһСĻǣ
Ԫ飬ûн⿪İ취޳ϣԪϣСʵ
취һǰȴֻܵȣóóȻֻԪˣ˺Զ޷ˡԪ
㵹ǿ˵ʲô취ϵɽ»𺣣Ҷȥ޳ؽ
Ԫ̾˿ҲʱЩһеˣҪ⼫ڤĵı֮˴֮һҵ׻ᡣ
׻᣿˵ĿǴ˵Ƿԡʱһ᣿ǶĴڣ޳ʵ
ûǶϽһݣӦڽҡԪ齲
Ǿȥң޳һתͷǰɽ֪ûнҵͨ
ңǰɽЩ⣬ϴôͻȻң룬ǽ˴֮һӦûСҸһ򣬾רżǰ˴ҵģ
̫ˣǾȻػȻ취ҡ޳Щ˷ܵؽ˴أҪҵڿν죬ȥڣɿʡȥܶ
˵ϸ̨ͳʯͶ뵽ܵУƬ̣ͼһ𡣴͹ŷһ⣬Уವһ¾ʧԭء
һδ͵ľǳңԶֱյ˲½ĸоһƬյصС
ˡǰɽ߳ţһ̧ͷ͵ԭأ԰⾰Щ˰
ʲôˣ޳Ҳ̧߳ͷǰȥһ̣Ҳԭء
ֻǰһƬֻе˸úġ͵سһʡϹ⣡
޳ǰɽ໥һۣ˵ɫЩϹ⣬֮ǰ޳ռһǬϹ⣡
ʲôطôϹģҿܣһԨϴ㿴Աߺͱڣǰɽü
Ԩ޳³һʣ͵س
ʲôԨ£ǰɽɴۣӶĳˣ㵱ǸԨ
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̵ģǲӦûôᵽ¹ŵصģǰɽ󲻽ʵ
طӦֻܵͣٴδ;͵˱ĵط޳߰ɣ֮֮뿪˵
ҲֻˡϹ뿪طڲ֪鲻顣˵ŸæͳǬƴװ
ⶫȵһʼó϶׬ˣ
޳Цؿδֹװòˣ¶ȥѾİ֪ȥԸʡ
¹ŵɷǳܶɢһɲãϢһֽ뵽Զĸо
޳һһ߹۲ţԭ޶£ŵ˷š
ûһᣬǰһ졣һʼ΢ײԽԽ׳˺졣
սǰɽһ߹۲ܣһС
ȥ޳Сͬʱʩչķȥ
ܿյģһϢ֮ǺȻǰҰȻխ춼Ӱѹѹģյĸо
ôôˣǰɽֵʵ
˹۲һᣬͻȻȵغǺܶˣֻˣǡ
֣޳ͷһеӰ˸ʵֻ˼ǳĲӰѣһһ£Ȼ׺
Ǹ˭ôû·ǰɽ˵һ룬Ȼȵغõǣ
һʵһĲӰ֮Уս֮˵ֻһǼܵã֮ǰ֮пǣҲˣ
Ѿ׻ɢôôǿĹˣǰɽȲѡ
޳ɫأӦ֮е긽ŵϣл˸Ȼ
ʲôˣǰɽɻ󲻽⣬˺ܶˡ
лٸ͡ƺЩ취ܲܰﵽ⻹һƼܵ׺У˴òɿʤһʱ䵹Щա
Сӣɱȥ֡ˣһƾܹˣȥֻ鷳Ԫ鲻ؽɳĵزʵʧ߰һ󷨣ɱҲ¼Ѫ
޳ãԪʹͬʱǰɽһѰ˸Ƨĵطŵعۿǰս
ʱ׺Ĺһɲһƣǿʼʹ÷ɢһ⣬ΧſһƬɫõĹֻҪѽ뵽ΧڣͻᱻգתΪ׺
ƣ޳һ󼤶û뵽׺ĹȻ⼫ƣһֵ̣Ϊ֣õĹȻ׺һģһ
׺ķײϣȻҲȫգѩˮһΪ
˶Ǽƣǿô죿˵Ϊƺ£ɱɺҲǰ취ǰɽЩżغ
˭˵ΪµģϷôС޿Աȵģƺܹϸ΢¾Ͳмؽ
޳һҲ̲סСģмڤģ
ĻŸ䣬úȻһżĺ৵һ±εѹȫ֮ǰ˾ͽ޷ʱԱģ
˲һ¾ͽܵĿסҪ޳зǰɽԼУѾ˱ӣ
ˣֱˣǰɽָű鳹ס׺
ʱһȫֹͣһ֮һжסȻʱնʼŤת
õſִŲмǲһֱں⼫ڤҪ𣿹ǣϳң˭֪еܣҾƣ⼫ڤĵŤתǬ֮
ģЩ˵е飬ôһʵˣ޳ͷ͵һ̧ͷؿҪʱģǲˣ


1350 ޱǿ
ܴʱ޳Ŀ֪һŨŨĵӶҪĴʱ粻Ҫˣ
õĶϵƿʼϵؿԭնһȻðһѪ⣬յƵǰ
֮ģǼڤĵĳױңԭĺļ֮৵һ£ŨصںɫһϢʹ̱
ء޳ǿżڤƺҲо˲϶İУûлǿűƵļڤģɫӣܶ
޳ǰɽ粽УҪǳŬؿ򣬲ܹϮԶ׺ֱӱûӰ
֣޳ҧҧߴԪû˶Ҫûˣ
ԪƲƲ죬ģСôŰɣܵġ
棿޳ѾٽĿռ䣬Щȷؽ
˿̣ܵĿռѾŤһ޴ĺɫγɡвŸһ֣һɿֲб
޳һΣ۵³һѪЩѪҺһεεУ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽżسǰֻԼæﲻϣ룬ϵǿżڤİɣܹãΪʲôУ˸ƴˣ
ĻŸ䣬޳ǿżڤľͿʼؿϵضƺ˵Ը⣡
ԸǿżڤĶԿ޳üҪǿУղӳȥˡ
ǿô죿㿴ѹԽԽˣекһһδҲֲ̫˵㣡ǰɽ̾ôǿǰûǿĵĻʵѹӮ
ȱҪҽȻסǣԺʰãԪڼ󷨣ȴӵ޳ϡûˣͬھɾʵڻˣ
ֻһڹ˸৵һ£޳͸оܵѹһӼͷһͼ¡¡ת߷һƬڹ⣬϶£һŶһ޳ǰɽס
ϴСԽԽˡͼǰɽΪͼС͵ʶСǰͱˣ󾪵ϴ󶼻᣿⻹òñ˻ˣ
޳Цֲ˵ЩԪνֻתͷ𴦣𻰡
ʱƼ޳ͷͻȻֵͼͻȻЦ徹ȻͣҲã̽̽㵽ʲôͣ
˵ţ͵ش߶ڤģ৵һ£һŹ¹ͬһ㣬ವһ³޳ȥ
ӲＫ֮ϣһ̶޳ֻһ˾ǣϵͼȻɹס˼ڤĵĹ
佱Ԫ飬ԽԽţˣ
ߣԪүһֱţƺЩͼǰ˵סС˼ѣԪ鲻мؽ
ƼԼĹȻȫɫһݣһɾڸղһɲǣһǿһΣյĸо
ٵģսپ´߶סڤģܵŤ֮ӿ
ˣܵĿһƬͬʲôڷһ㡣һ¡¡𣬾һصűһ
ϴ㿴йˣģǲʱ֮Űɣǰɽȵָǰ
ڵĿռһԵĿǹԭֻȭͷǰС¡¡УԽԽԽԽԶ
޳Ԫ麰㻹ûа취֣ʱ֮ŶҪˣֻûѳǲŪˣ
ɲԸģҪǴ׺ʱ֮У֪ᱻǸʱȥң
ʲôԪǳȻҴ֪СΪҪˡҿŰɡ
ʲôҵȥ𣿡޳żغƢȫ˳үģҲ̫ʹˣ
Ǿżѣƴ취ʱ׺ǱߺȻһȻǳϸ΢޳ȴˣ
Уǲ޷Ŵһһը˶׺û£Ҫˣ
Ҿ˵ʲôԪƲƲ죬εؽ
ǲǲѵԽԽ죬ȻȲʱ֮Ŵ򿪵ĺ¡ǲݺӡ
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ֻ׺ͻȻǳһҫ۵Ľ⣬һޱǿ৵һӶһӾͽܵŤ֮ˡ
׺ܣ͵سһǿޱȵ򣬽Ӳӣ׻ʵضҪҫⲻص㣬صǹ޿ƥеƣ̲סҪݣ
Գ޳ͷһ̣ȻоһޱϤ͵龳пĽԳȻûʵܵȴһɷǳЦֱһģ
͵ҡͷԼһǴˡŴ꣬ԪǱ߲ϵҡͷôôϤﲻԣô£Ϊʲôһ㶼ǲˣģ˭ҵļ䳾ˣ
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ⲻܣǰȻõľֵĺУⲻܣôܻƣֻһͨķ˶ѣ㲻ܻһǼٵģٵģ
˵󣬷һЦ죬Ƭռ䶼ö
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䣡
ҵײ鼱֮óڤģ͵ײȥɲǼ䣬֮ǣһ˿΢ϡ
סӰĹҲڤһѷ졣վԶ޳ܹоڤͻȻƣ
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⡭
˶ͻ״ŪЩͷԣ޳ǰɽ˵زżڤ㲻ˣһˣһȥȣ
ǶʲôǾʣȻƴˣԪЦ
޳һʯͷһĶԱ֮𣿲ͻȻ뵽治Упܡ
棬һĻɫʱһݺݵس޳ɵСӣȻˣһ죬һڵģ
޳üͷһ壬˺ǷУмؽ֮ǰ˾ңΪһ㣿ŵǸҪͬˣ䣬̫ˣ
ִԲɵСӣһ׵ġ㲻עֻħħЦʤȯյӣδһ
޳Щ͵Լ侲
ʱ׺Ҳ΢΢תͷ޳߿һĨ˼ûзɹǳĳһơ
ǰӴȻƬնסһ޴Ӱգסõһ·ݺѹ䡣
ɫһ׺Ҫ֪㲻ѾҵһЩ𰸣ѵҪϾɱ
Ļһ㶼ûжҡ׺ü״ȻЦȻˣͲҪҺģ
˵ţ͵رһڹ⣬˾ֵĿУ͵ػһͷԳģ


1351 ˭
ɫԳ
޳ÿҪܳһ˵ģӶ졣
ãȻһͷԳȻһãǺƵӣһͷԳ龳пһͷɫԳ
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ȫסԼҪٺ˼롣޳ǰɽͬʱҲԼ廤סֵסĹ
ںɫԳĹ׺ϣһ߿ظһ߳׺˹ȥÿһο粽ξ͸һɣһͱͬһɽһ㡣
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ҵļȻʧȥһ֣ҼǵãЩ治ȫΪǽԳôһսֻǿʼѣıһжһıı쵽һûŪסԪ˵Щ
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ⲻܣ㲻ɱңɫԳһ˿ֻźͲţ廹ǲɿƵȥصصڵϣһ졣
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֮ǰ˵ı죬ǲ˵˲һ֣Ӱ쵽˺ֵļ޳˵оѾһƬ֮С
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㲻׺˰ɣ޳ʵԿ
ôܣԪ˵ղһսֺȻǽԳҵˡԣҲã
㡭޳֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣΪһֻ飬Ȼ֪Լ˭Ϸʵؽã㻹֪Լһֻ飬ٲã㻹бڡ
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ʲô޳󾪣㲻˵˽һֻɣ
ֻԪȴһصͷǵģܣ


1352 Ͽ
ºƺȻ½һ㡣޳ֻоΧһ磬쬵ģ⡣
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ûɾôôأ޳Ծʵ֮ǰƬɽֵħ˶ͶȥˣȻûŪɾȾʲô̶ȣва
;㲻Ҫʲôӣһ֮ﱾһЩаԣԪ֮׾ͻᱻȾټԪ֮ǰûָĺܣ⵱Ȼˡ
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ٴͻˣ


1353 ·
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ԳоԳⲻܣǸǴ˵𣿡
תͷ޳ʵǾԳںδ֪ƭǣݹǳֺ
ȷʵ֪һЩ顣޳һƬص˵ֻһ²⣬ǵѾ˴ɢˡ
ʲôⲻܣԳӲߣͬ壬Ȼѹܱ飡ѣŭغ


1354 ׻
ͬ壿
޳бصײһ£֮ǰЩ޻ͷ৵ð
ؿ׺ǵǴģǵһͷԳͷڻþпĽԳ
ǣôܣ޳ҷ񶨣һ̫ˡǰԪѾǰ¶ˣ˿⼸λǰҺԪ飬ֻԼͷ롣
˵Ӿ˵ѣŭʵ˵ʵһοȷȥȻ˾һɣ
޳ǰɽüͷ΢΢һ˿ãҪ⼸λʵѲ⣬޳ȥֱһ򾡣
޳Խ̧ͷֱλ塱˵ûһ˿٣ҲûҪƭǡҪ鿴ȥĹ㳡ϣǱӦûоԳڡ
ߣҾ˵ƭˣǸղžǴǱ߹㳡ȷʵսĺۼȴʲôͷûУ
ûУ޳ȷʵЩȣ뵽ǲȥ׺ֻе˵ǣǡ̧ͷʵɻһͬ
ڴʲô⣿õغȵ
ȲҪлȻĿ⽫޳ϵɨһ飬ڵ˵㳡ϳ˾ԳǣǶǰ飿
޳ʱҲЩԺǰҲ֪йȥʱ䡣ǰɽڴԼʮʱ֮ǰսаʱҪͣԼȥǼߵǵ˸ҳ߆ôëð
㣡С죡ǳ
ǰɽƲƲ죬ٽ
罫˵ıֿǲ˵ѡ˵ȷģǡ
һʵǿ֪ʲô˽
֪޳ʵؽһǰ֪ɷ񣿡
ͷʾʡ
޳ʵ֪ǰΪλͻȻ¹ŵصУ
ʲô¡
ֹ̧ͷ޳˵Ϊŵ춯ԲŹһ̽
ĳ춯޳еĲõ֤ʵֻǻ֪ǵżڤײֵԵʡ
ôţѾڤĿϣ
޳͵һͷ֪黹治١п˼һ£ͷûһžϡһţԳǵˡ
ʲôţ
¾Ҳסˣ˺һŷӦ૵صôţûἰŰһ˭ģ
޳ૣ΢΢һ£ԽԽˡЩϵƺ֪Ļ治١֣ԼҪõ࣬ȴһУ
޳ɷ񽫼ڤóǿȻ
޳ЦȺǵˣȻҪ浱СֱӾܾǸɡ
㣡Ƣر꣬һ޳Ҫ
޳ѽϵЦĥôã֪ĿѾ֪֪ģҲིûж̸ȥıҪˡ
޳ˣжʵ֮ϡֻˣʤ𣿡˫ĿƵض޳ʵ
ǰɽվǰ棬мؽùǳ˲ûУǾ͹ԹԵ뿪ɣϴ˲㶼ɱǣ
缸˵Ŀ⣬৵һ޳ϵϸشһƺһﵽûǸʵ
޳˫΢΢һУнۼ͵һʱһǿ˳һ±뺣Хһ룬Ѹϯ

缸ɫһ׷׺ˣҲ֮ǽǲ㾪ӶҪˣŶ̶̼նѣ޳ΪԽȻҲ˾˵Ľֱ񹲷ߣ
޳򶨵ؿǣǵķӦһһȴһ㶼⡣ǵΪҲǿԲߵȥƼһŵļɵ̽еջ
ȺˣȻûߣһĵԲɫصǵķӦ
ؿ޳һۣ󽲵Ȼ㲻Ը⽫ڤóһƣҲǿһұ˵⼫ڤԭĶǶջ
ԭǸһĺ˵꣬޳Ԫֹ
޳һǿ򶨵̧ͷ۲һ£ֽ缸˲ûԪ飺򵥽һҪѶϢ֪һҪô
ԪʵҲʲôܡ׷ݵԶʱڣһλʱרƹܼڤġⲢ˵⼫ڤľǵģֻǽбڤĵʹѡ
޳ʱ࣬˵⡰Ҫջȥһ˵޻̸֮ˣ
ˣ֪ˡ㲻ҪȾСҾ׻ᣡԹػſ֮ҾӵпƼڤĵĿ֮ԲܹػԪͻȻ
˴֮һȻ򣿡޳Щ⡣
˵Ȼ⼫ڤǽ֮ǾͺпǸҡȻûô󵨡Ҫ֪ЩԶҵУзǳĹصģʲô˵ʲô˵غݡԪ
޳һ˳ƣ΢΢һ£̧ͷŽп׻᣿
ɫ޳Ļ͵һ䣬ɫжһ˿ܿͻָ򶨣ʵǴ֪׻ģ
ǹȻ֪޳ЩǿѹͷؽҼȻмڤģ֪ʲôֵģǰ˼ȷʵ֪׻᣿
綨ؿǰ꣬Ȼֿ˵ʵǼٻ룬ȷʵ֪֪Сֵܴ׻Ǻ⣿
޳һһٵػصˡ
Ŷ˭
ȱڤı֮ˡ
һѸ˼Բ󽲵֪׻䣬㽻ڤһΣ
ǸܴӦ޳붼û룬ܾ
㡭Щ⣬̴ˣ޳ĳǸΪĻҪ
޳ӸղŵĽ̸УѾϿνĽҲû׻ᣬȻֳĵ
һ֧ԪЩġ֣ôܻءԪܽ
֪Щʲôط޳׷ʵ
ԪȻЩ˼ؽ·ǵˣҲϵóһɡ
޳Ѿ˼·ǰɽվһԣ˵ĶԻЩĪδʣص޳ָʾ
¡ʱԶȻһ޴Ƕ
սǰɽɫһ
ã缸Ҳɫһͣ漴̬һ䣬޳Ȼ㾴ƲԳԷƣǾݹˣ⼫ڤĽһҪջȥ
˵ţ͵رƣһǿѹˢһ£޳˹ȥ
ǲ߲㣡޳ǰɽɿؽһɫͬʱȥȻ޳ȷʵսܹǲ˲ĸ֣ǿʵǰ£磬ȴʵʵǲ߲㣡ʵʵȵùʱİ˲㣡
̵ģЩǸǹ̥ǰɽҧгݵ
ҪôڤĽҪô¡ԼѡɣϺı飬׷飬صݺݵؿ޳
ҪڤҲҪǾ͹޳ӷɿˣۼˣȴŲԶʯȥʱǰɽѾſȥ
أʯҵıըޱǿѹһֱӽݶˣ
ǰɽˣϴôǸ


1355 Ѱҳ·
޴ķſ͵ˢһ¾ͳȥ޳ۼֿץסǰɽǧ˲䱬˻һ⣬ųŷȥ
ߣɫһžͳһһĵ˫һγһ޴Χǽ৵һµסǹǿķ֮
ԱߵĽˣƼ⸱龰Χ޳ˡǱվſڣ˿һ㵲ס޳˵ȥ·
ȥ޳ǰɽ֣һ˴߷ռһһͳĵϣصȥ
һλӣ·һҽУ̾ͱѹࡣԱһݣʶԱȥ
ߣ޳ǰɽ˳ȥ
һͷͷֶڷԺۣһ׷˳ȥ
޳Ҫɱ㣡ŭĺһǷѹ¡¡һը¹ŵصС
ϴ˵ʲôˣǵѣҲڤĵעô죿ڤѾ¶ʹõҲʱϢѾй¶ȥ
ܲôˣ뿪˵޳ɿػصͬʱ߶Զʩչȥ
ͬһһ㣬৵һѹȥ;β̽
ûˣߣȥڣ޳СǰɽѸڳȥ󣬽缸Ѿ׷
޳˫ĿһٻСǺסǡ
æǰɽɵСߣǰƣҴ򣡡
֨СǷɿŤ֫ڿգɿؽڽ缸ǰ
ֲһһɷζ֫ѾչֻҪò˶೤ʱ䣬ܹʵԵͻƣڶսмֱһ޵а֣
һɿֻҪߣûܹջ
ৣСϵЩеĿʲôһ˿˵ضһϡһеѹ৵һ³ż˷ȥ
̵ģͻˣǰɽСɢŵˣغСȻҲͻƵǳ߲۷ˣҲ̫˰ɣ
֨֨СǾ͵ǰɽڿԼõضһ֫ɢظ
ҶˣʣµĽоԾֵغղŵǹ̰ͷɢЦûˣֲҲûð
ٺ٣ڿүүҳˣǰɽģݺݵͳĵϡɽһ֣һֲãϢɢܱȥ
ץʱ䡣޳ǰһߺұպϵͣһߺĴƺԽԽˣǱԽ뿪Խã
ãǰɽϷŪ˼Ž缸¶һڰɭɭݣ͵ĵϣϻһɽȥ
ͬʱСʮϵض֫ǿƵġ
Ҳ缸˵ķŭڿռﲻϻصŭʣȴ޷ء
䣡
䣡
ͬʱ¡ǰɽɽصѹ˽缸ˣһߣ޳Ҳ˳ҿ˳ڡ
ߣ޳Сһգǰɽɿس˳ȥ
䣡սⷽ򻹲¹ŵ֮ڡ
ڽ档ǰɽһ£ָŶϷ
ӦϾͻᴳҪӿ춯ˡ֮ǰҵȥ󷨡޳ͬʱ̽˴
֣ǰɽһˡ
ţֺЩԾҪҵһߡ޳ؽȻ׺ĸоǳǿ󣬵ܻġ֮ǰ׺öսʱͷһ˿Ծֻʱδ롣ԽԽ˲ӽͲò˽
ϴ󣬲֪ûиоҾúҪˡǰɽһһ߽
˵ҵ˵ɡӦ֪һЩ顣޳ͬʱȫҲǰɽϢѹҪˡң
Ϣش¹ŵصУȥ֮ǰ޳׺Ƭ֮أȴ׺һӰûҵ
ֿѾ뿪ˡǰɽ
޳Ҫ˵ͻȻɫһݣָŶϷҪˡûʱˣߣ
ѾҹһȦ˵ȴû׺ϢҲѾ뿪ˡΪ֮ƣ뿪˵
ԨɣζǴ뿪ģӦþǱߡ޳ԥȥǰɽûҲһ
ԨãϷȻôһҵ׹һӰ৵һ³˽
ǡ¹ŵأ˽Ȼһ£ȵغ
˻Ӷ첲ȻҶѾ뵽ˣͲҪٻɱˡұϾңӴȥ˿Ц
ԣ˵ûѵþۼβЭճҲȴǹͬԸվ
ԽԽվͬ˼˵˵ܿ죬ͬһվ˴ɣǰòɿһȺˣ¾ͿʼҪνѰܡ
Ȼһָǰǿǵǣд򶷹ĺۼ
ɫһݣתͷȥ¼˷ǺۼӦǰշ͡ҿȥ
ৣӰ䣬̼͵ǸǰһȺ׷ԲԵĳ߹ȥǱƻ첿鿴һ
Ȼһǿըǣ޼᲻ݣʲôˣȻôǿ
ϢһȺ˵У˲ǺܶࡣΪĽεŮӣͻȻ̧ǰȥ͸һ˿ãһ˿ߵǰ֣ЩΡΡظһ±ϡõ첿
Ϣۣظһ£ޱȼۿ৵һ¾ͺˣһ䡰үѿڶ
϶ճϼŮӵӣ̲סǳ⡣ǰ̬ɺͳ
үү϶æޱȼ첽ߵճһ仰˵
ֻԼ֪˿жô޳ϢүϢ
үȻûʧһǿߡղЩҲ˵ˣܴǿصˣȻǳǿǸһүˣ
϶Լ˼άУеظһȺǵв鿴ǽǵһ̣ԶԨУȻһž޴ĹããһƬȾƬգ
ô£һȺԨ򿴹ȥһ̣ȥٶȳǱ߳˹ȥ
ã϶һֱǱߵӦþ޳ȻǸΣգ·ɿسȥ
϶ճϼ˳嶯¾Щ˵سȥҪ϶ŴѾ׿ʵҪǿһ֣ѹ޷
䣡ǰѾ˹Ⱥͷӵٶȷǳ죬̼ѾԨϿգ붼û룬ŵ¹ȥ
ã׷ˣ޳ǰɽжһæͬʱ߶Ҫӿ󷨵ڸղţǺòҵ󷨣û뵽󷨴߶ʱᷢôĶºˣȫ˹
ϴߣţǰɽһҧ
˵ɵһסҪģӿ쿪޳ĽֻϧССɱˣȻæ
ǰɽɫһ죬޳˵ʵҲٷϻؼʯ
䣡һž޴ĹǰɽֱҧģԶ٣ʲôӢۺú
˭棬㲻ͷȻһϵĺ
϶żؿ棬Ҫ˵ȴ޳ıò֪Ǻã


1356 
䣡һǿһϵһ޴ѹͬʯһһѹ
ǰɽ޳оѹһߵæһ߼ӿٶȡ
СӣܷסԪȻ
а취޳˵ʵͬʱһ̲ͣش߶ӵ˼㣬һ³ɢȥ
̼䣬һɫĹĻ৵һԨز
ǿ˵˭漸˴һ໥һۣ֪Ԫ½ϣʲôʱô󱲡
ֻ϶һˣǿеļУ˷ܵؿҪ޳
үү϶Ҿ棡ȴϣ϶ðǸգ޳ʹôҸ֮£Ȼûзܺү
϶ճ϶λδ̳Žյıַǳ⣬üʵ
û¡϶ؽٴ⣬ж޳һֱôģһֱһҪһԣճ֪˾޳϶Ȼ󲨣
Ԫ飬㡣ڽˣҼֲôá޳жԪ齲˿̣£ЩҲ֪ʲôˣȻô֮£ܵ˷ǳѹ˿ԴԼȫŲУ
֪ˣټһ£Ͼͺá󷨣Ҫ̻ǳ鷳һô̵ʱڿԪੲݵؽ϶ȴԽԽ졣ģԨбĺԽԽԼҪĸо
ãǺڵ¿̻ͼҪˣȺҶǼʶ֮ˣ¾Ϳ˲Ծм˲ٵȴ
ϴǳˡһᡣǰɽŵؽ
ˡ콫ȫǽһͼʱԪȻ
֪ʲôʱԭǵɫĹѾѳɹ֡޳һϲǰɽңҪߴˡ
ãǰɽͬʱ޳
ǿǵɫͬʱһ޴ĺӹͬһԶŴһ
ͬʱԱǵͼҲҹâ֮ǰǵҪ財Щҿɲ֪ͼȻȻؽ貵һΨһͼ৵һ¾ͳ˽ȥ
϶ʲôһճϼ϶ȻҲҪ
үүȥ϶пԣżزˡҲҶճǿĶ
Һ϶ˡͼе޳Ȼۣȥ
϶ǰɽҲŹ϶֣֪޳һλҪˣֵʵ϶ﲻǱؼôܻ
˵һ룬ס˿ڡԽԽңѾ߶׼϶һҲˡ
עҪˡԪȻ޳ȵⶼʲôʱˣȻ߽±ʱ
޳һݣҲٿСʾһǰɽ˳ױΧ৵һ£ʧԭء
ʧãЩһеҳϣȻãϵˣͼйŹ֣
ԣѹ棡Ǳƭˣ
ǻشǵģȴһ޴žһ¾ͼǸʱ·СȻĻᶼûУƴֿ
үү㿴ǡ϶Ȼָŵ½
ʲôˣճ˿ղ;ٵòԾԲŲ϶ĵǺеġ
үүлл㡣϶׹Щ˼ؽҲʵ˲١޳˽⣬ôɵĽԼ뵽ΣյУ˿Ѿӳȥˡ
߰ɣ취ճϿһԨ£δȥǴ϶ȥ
һߣ޳˱ͼߺ󣬾һյʱ䣬ͣһƬʵϡŸһأһǺ޳ڼˣ̫ˣ໣ڼˣ콫Ҵط߰ҲҪˣ
޳һϲ̨߳ЦؿǰԼϴĻ顣
޳ɲٶңҸ׻ʶҪŰˡǸͷӼֱǸħȫǵ˿Ҳ֪߱ﻵ˻Ǳѵˣһ޳ͺиͣ
ǰɽĻǵЦԭǲˣΪҪ㵱˿
㡭صۣˬذһۣתͷ޳ϴˣһһҪ߰ҪȥŮҪȥõط̵ļԽʲôԽ֣ҶҪˣ
ף޳Ȼһһɲ⡣֮ǰʱ˽⣬Ӧʲôʲôô෴ˣ
ǿ޳ɻü˵ֲ֣ЩӺһЩֵ顣𶯣ȻʼСҲ֪᲻ֱӱһ򡣡
С޳æһ̽Ȼֻ֮ǰСһЩȻĿǰȥģǳӴ󣬵澭ôȥ
üʵǴʲôʱʼģ
Ҳ̫Ҳ֪طգѹûʱУ˭֪׹ȥ˶١ҲԸߵԭܹĴ̼һһɲ䣬ʱ䶼ֹͣĵطܴס
СӣҪȥһȾǣͲҪˡڴ󻹹ãϽȥԪȻ
޳һ飬еͷ̧ͷ֪ôȥ˴֮һĽҡ
ȥʲôֵʵ޳࣬Ҳϻֱӵ֪д͵˴ҵĴ󣬵ĸͨҵģһ治֪ȴǹȥһ룬Ե׻ʺȻżָָ
ǰɽʱɫһףǸϱ̬ˣǿߣ
棿޳һǰɽĽںԽԽˣֻҪǱ֣һᱻ뾡취
ߣ˻һ⣬৵ط򴫳
ͽһΪܹһ·شżһУָǰһˮ̨ǿˮûһ˸ÿһһҡǲ֪һڽҡ
޳ȥȻǰˮ̨ϣŰ˸޴ˮɢӨӨԣһʥĸо
СӣսЩһ¡Ԫ齲
޳Ļɹ¾ͳˮ̨ȥͬʱһٵķʲô߷˹
ãϱ̬ˡȥҸ׻סǰۣ׻ʶ˳ȥ
һ̣ͷʹһѱһĿߣڰΨһɣôȥҾҪĻȥ˰ΨһѪҪˡĿǾ֡
٩
޳ǣŵתͷǰɽһۣ֮ǰ
šǰɽЦŵͷĵֺЦû취˭ĵУȫǸڵĶ֣
ҵˣڴмһ
лл㣬Ԫ顣޳Եرлǰɽ׼Ҫˡ
ϴ㾹Ȼôҳˣǰɽϲѣ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ취û鿴˭˭
ţϡ޳
˻һ⣬৵һû뵽ˮСͬʱ߶ڴ롣һ̣ˮâһ¾ͽǸס


1357 
׻ʣ߲ߣѾ޳ǣΪһһ̫ˣ
Ҫ
СӣӣĻû˵꣬ʹһŭĺһ״̬ವһ³ڴУӴռ˰ռ䡣
һͿüڣͲܷϢұ֤һģ
㵱ôǰ׻ģƨʱңȥѰ㣿Ҹ㣬úôﶼȥǼȻˣͶɣ̰ͷ̾ڿУӸµ޳ǡ
ԲۣѾŰŰˣǰɽɫͰˣֱجһ
޳ǹһĨЦ˵৵һûˮУһ¾ʧԭءǰɽ״첻Ц£ҲͰ͵ظ˽ȥ
ˣ̫˵ˣ׻źƴȽҪȥֻһգͿƵǲܶ
صغĲҪЩа̳еֱŰֲˣΪʲô˵ҲҪ̳У
ޱȵһۣƽؽԭСӵ츳Ҳ䲻԰ֵһЩϧˡǾԼܰɣŰԹñˡ
׻ʳɵˣҪǲ޳ֲܣֻ໥ۣڵȣٴǸجοռȥ
һߣ޳ǰɽˮţԽããռ䣬һ󣬲֪䵽ʲôط
ϴطЩͷˡǰɽؿһۣС
޳Ҳڲ鿴ܣĿһЩϵĽܶʽȽԶţֻڹżϲܹ֪һû뵽ﵽǡ
ӦþˡʹǽңҲһޱȵİ˴֮һЩ廹ǰһС
Ǵ˿վ֮أһ̨ϣֻߵĴûôûʣҲûˮֻһͺͺʯͷѡ̨֮ǰƻֻϡɼ׳۹ģ
⴫ӦöˡǰɽѾҪɳĨƽ۵
ţȻ֪ͨͨˡ޳ʹúۼӦгǧ겻ùӦû֪
ǰããɽ֪ûϹޣҪץһֻѱǰɽһֱۺ޳Ǽֻħ裬˿һƼǰɽ֣ЩͲסŴĹŵأ˵ôһֻϹŶš
޳Цһۣ׽סҲǻľõľҪ츳ڷŬġ
һǰɽЪˣԴߣǰããɽȥ
ڵƬλãܻɽҪȥֻһ򣬴ɽ
ɽ֮ʱＸʮ֮Ľ۳ȴһƽš
ȫϿ˾ӵȫװ볯Χȥ
֣֣һֻų򣬽ǵڿУϵغš
ʲôôֵģѵǱ𣿡ڵİܳеİ𣚣Űˡ
Ͳ硣õİǴ羪֮һ㡣
ҲҪţ˶ڼвǼİˣһʱϱһֳìǹݵɨһۣؽ
ԭֵĽصģһֻֻһɿԼĶУһµӡ
Ǳʱ򣬳˵ҺĵӣһЩͨաȻǧһֱܹȵػȴȻûеλ
ԶɽУǰɽһߣһ̽鿴ȴȵط֣ɽУȻһֻħ޶ûУ
⻹ˣѵĶץˣǰɽŸ䣬ǰȻڳһӰӡ
ţವһ¾ʹӵͳɽҪѹȥ
ಣӰˣһ£ವһԼٶȴԱߵĲݴУһӾûӰ
һֻӣľԱ޳εЦ
ңһΪʲôˡط㲻ã˺ܶɾءǰɽһɽһεؽ
ƬӦòǺܹǼӿٶȰɡ޳ղѾ̽ǰɽƬûĴڡ΢˿ӿٶȡ
չٶͿһ͵˴ɽԵ
Ƽǰ龰ʱͻȻԲۡһ
Ҳ̫ݳ˰ɣǰɽָǰһˮǺֻǰһԲĳУǵĽǶȿȥһӨӨԣ񣬾ͺˮһ˾޵Ĺâ
ˮѹ֣ѹЩһﶼԪȻ૵ؽ
Ԫ飬֪޳˷ܵʵ
ûһԶŵķӡ󷨣Ϊˮ󡣹˼壬ǽ֮󣬻ˮһȻԭȵӣֻҪ󼫸ߣķǳءҶƴˡԪؽ
ЩӣĶԽԽֻ࣬ʱģղŵʱȴȻּسĸо㼱æ֪Ķ޳˵һ顣
ˮܲȾȻͻڣࡣǼסҪȥƻЩҶкĵ̣ҪŭˣڵǱһָܹԪ齲
޳ĬĬͷн˼ǰɽҲСһЩ
˷ٶȣһ߹۲ܵһǰȥ
ԪվԪϣ潲ˮǾô꣬ʵû˷þڵǳƽ١񹦳Բȴ޷ҪôǷƬأҪô͵ñ
޳졣
ûˮҪά֣ҪպܶҲƼˣܵĴɽһ߽ħ޶ûУΪǶˮˡħ޻ʲôȥǰ˺ܶ࣬һĵԪؽںĸı䣬һֱһɻ󣬴˿̵ͻȻЩ׹
޳ЩأѾֹһ˵ı仯û뵽¡ǽûиܵرĵطΪԭ
ߣЩΪˣ߰زˣ֪ѾʺȥȴҪҲֻܿеˡǽȥʱСһЩҪ¶ƣеǿŶģһҪˣ
ѹЩҵнԭԭ򡣡޳ʱȻҺЩ˻֪ľϣȻᱻ׷ɱɣϾһӣܹǽ֮Σ
ŶˣһˡԪȻһţ
޳Ҫˮǵֻ˻ͬʱסһԵǰɽʵʲôһ˵в
Ԫһۣ˼ҼԲǲ̫ȷʵҪġҸղŲҲ˵ˣˮķǳôѾյز࣬Ҫõ֧š
ص㡣޳ε
ˣصǣҪҵǿ׻һҪȥˣƾͱɡ
㡭޳ֱҪˣÿ˵ص˵ǰɽһͷˮǵС
紺һ㣬Ԫ˵ûˮѾûжٷܣûкķѶ٣ͽ档
ոǰɽһ̧ͷغֻǰѹѹվһȺȫװʿǽ뽫ìͷ׼ǡ


1358 ȫ׷ɱ
ѹѹһȺȻһƬӣ˭
޳΢΢΢ǰɽԱ߿һ
Ǻǣʲôǿͣǿ͡ǰɽ˵ʲôһգͻȻ޳һסವһ³Զȥ
ȿȣϴôʾһ°ȿȡŵòһڿˮǺ
޳䣬ǺǺЦص㻹鿪ЦûƼǶʼˣ
ѽƼˣתһǵעһôҲûȡǰɽ΢Ϳʼƴ²ۡ
޳ʩչǧ٣˲ϢΪߣǧٵٶѾﵽ˱̬ĵزǱһ󾳽˳֣Ȼܹ׷
˲һͽ׷˦Ӱ٣ϢС
ƺЩְô϶û˵ģڽһȦ˲Ծǰɽһһûü̯߲̯ϣһźܲһҧһֹ
Ӧ;쵽ǽ룬˶ˡ޳ǵľԷǳߣǲŽãѾ˷ʩ
Ѱˣȫǽ䱸Ҫǰɽ޳ʹ˸ɫĻû˵Ҫȥ׻ᣬϼˡ
޳ûнĿԶһߴĳǽϡ
塣֮ϣֻм򵥵֣̽ȴ·Խʱ⣬͸һɳأǰϣ̺ŶĹºͼ䡣ǱȽ˵ģΪţ˵ʷ
޳кȻһЩˣģͻͬʱԪеԪҲһ̾ϢĳȾһ˿ˡ
Ԫ飿޳֪ԼǱȾģѹ
˰ˣˣҲûʲô˵ġ塭Ԫ˵һ룬ȻֹǱһһۣȴζ벻ԼԭҪ˵ʲô
ʲô壿ѵԭĲǶ飿޳ͷһæ׷
ԪȴһҪ޵ӣʹشԼ͸Դյغģô벻ˣҸղ뵽ģͻȻӻظཬһģΪʲôΪʲô
Ԫ飬侲һ㡣޳ԽԽ벻һ졣
˵ţһģһҪԪһʧȥļ䡣ּݼ¹ش󣬶Ҽпйϵ
Ҿͺû¡ԪЩ˸еؽˣҸطһɡȻȲǰģ˵ʵҲòҪͻڻǵЩҵʱ򡣡
ţ֪޳ͷǰɽһũԺȥ
ǰɽѾֻһη޳ͻȻһ˵ŻͻȻͲ֪ˡ֮ǰУȥʱ˵ĻЩɻ
ѵϴסһֻ壿֪᲻˺УҸʱһҪ鿴һ£ҪǶϴǾƴҲҪǰɽݺݵؽ
ɽ޳ֵؿһۡ
߰ɡǰɽɫһ𣬸æ˼תȥ
޳Ҳûж룬һͬһԺ䡣뿪֮˿ǰĽŵУǧǵһ֣пֵˣˮǶ˿ֻŵС
ѣһҪѳ峤ŭȫǽ䱸ƱҪλѳ
峤˵᲻ˣˮǵһУһȺվ£սս顣
Ŀǰûץˣʲôпܡ֮ǰ𶯣ȷʵ̽ɳȥϢû峤ʵ
ĿǰûСЩģԴӽ¹ŵ֮󣬾ҲûϢͼǽϵȴͨѶûзӦ
ʲôôҪ㾹ȻͨȺŭغ¹ŵضʲô״ȥ̽
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˶ʱһȥֻһվԭء
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ŽһЩƵ˴¹ŵ֮£Ҳв롣繧ػص
ңһҲҳƽңһȺͽѣȻҲҳƽңǺôĵӣ
ͬ飬ҵΪҲܲмؽ˵ȫû¹ŵ֮ûһܹǵ˾ڴϢ֮󣬱ʧȥϵ
˵󣬽ҲЩȥЩǡ½ҵҲһ⡣
ڰжʱЩˣȻΪ˴۸ģȵȫǣȽҳǳֵôΣض¼йϵ
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޳ǰɽĴ˼ΣЩ֡
ССĳôôʿϴô죿Ǻûǰɽһǽߣü
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룬кǰɽһΧǽһͳ֮ڡ
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Ǿˣ޳һ仰Ÿ˵꣬˼Ҿʵ
ǰɽɫһݣֱڳ˷ơ޳΢΢ҡҡͷʾҪԼٴηŵƽ͵ؽûǾǳˡΪ˴Ĳ㣬˼Ҽ¡
ŲδУϣҲЩ׼֮ͽʹˣҲûɶ˵ǵģǾͷİɣҲẰеġ
л˼ҡ޳ؽ
Ҳˣ̫ʲôûУҲûɶдǵġɣֱ˵ǵĿİɡ˼äĲäֱӵ
޳ҲܳʵֱԵ֮´壬ΪҴĲ㣬ĳǸ⡣˼Ҳ֪Σִһա
ֹˣǰʹɡ˼Ц˵վ˵ķȥ
˼޳ʱ޳Ȼоﵱдһ𶯣΢΢ģȴǳԡ
ǡ𣿡޳ϲʵû뵽ȻзӦ
ֻһɲǶѣþһһ±ָ˳š
ʱ˼ҺȻֵһԹԵЦҡҡͷתǰȥ
޳룬ʵ֪ſ֪׻ںδ
ʲô˼͵ͣסŲתն˫ƺһɲš


1359 ׻
Ǵ׻Σžʵ
޳Ϊ˾ȼλѡ
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ץħģ˵ģ˼ҺЦʵ
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У˼˵ţŹȥߺһƬä˵ûʲôù̽·̵ߵߵһֻľԱߣ򿪵ڶӣóһ
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ȱлҡ˼ҽСӣҾףʲô磿
תס޳ʵش
ǡףװ˼ȻΪ츳ǿˣȴҲλᣬȴ˵ˡ
תӦÿһˡ˼ҽΧһ㣬©߽ޣ޷ֹмǲҪȥйϢĽ롣ڽȥ֮ô죬ǾֻܿԼˡ˼ؽ
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峤ۡرأǿ࣬ڶ򡣿ǵĳ֣ýʵһѡ
޳һۣһ䣬৵һ¾ͷ˽ȥ
ʲôôоղźʲôɹȥˣһͻȻ̧ͷգֵʵ
ۻ˰ɣʲôãȥϢɣǰȥִ񣬶ûϢԱЦ˵
۾ΪԼۻˣҲûȥתȥ
ͬʱ޳ڣһ㿿һȥ
Ľ̫ǿһͻᱻѡڵͲϣһӽ
ȺС˵ôĿˣ㿴ȻûǻԼ󷨰ԪȻ
޳ʣֳʵ֪ʹ׻᣿
Ԫүһ治֪ҪǶˡɱ˵֪Ԫ͸ıӣ
Ԫ飬𣿡޳ЦãһﵽڻЦ
үүģô棬㿴𣿡Ԫ˵ؽ׻ǷʱµһᣬµĻں޺Ͳʣа֮ӿɱˣֻҪһܹ֮ءҪ
㻹˵׻ܹ⣿޳ˣһһŪԼסСع۲ܡ
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á޳治֪үҪǻͿǲҪˡ
ӿǰٶȣһ·ϹȻԪ˵һûСǣȻһ˿赲û˳Щʵ
Ԫ飬ûиоԾƺ̫ˡ޳ü
ţȷʵЩԾʹûߵĽƷǳǿûǶҪӽˣûܵѹơԪҲͬС
޳ŻŲؿܣ̽鿴ǣȴһΣնûоܿյģһͬıûвκζ
ף԰ΡԪҲɻһԤϵĴвͬѵǽ˻ˣ˻Ҳ̫˰ɣֱǶڵ
Ԫ㿴ûֹ꣬޳Ȼ
ֻһŽĶͻȻ޳ƮƮǰ
ǻˣ޳һǿдޱȵĻˣ֮ǰѾ˱һ㣬ôͻȻˣ
ѽ֪ˣһáԪȻһԴĽƶƺп־壬ʧˡ
Ҳ޳֪ҪݣҲ̫ˣ̫ˣ˿ﻹô࣬ץסˣֱȥ
Ԫεķǳ׼ȷ˾ͺһ֤ͨһ֮нֹܿ޳֮һ㣬һ͵߲㡣Щɵɵ֪Ǵ˿̽뵽棬Ѫ
ȣ̤붥һ̣һ޳һϲæ̧ͷȥֹȻǿ׻ᣡ
ֻһһ˶ߵﻺڶ룬ǲõĲεڵС
СӣҪٵʱˡطмӣҪ˶ǾͻᷢǽԪߴٵ
޳ͷϿ콫˴ԪٻСĵؽǻǰŭ߶׻ᷢɢ
Ҫ̫࣬һͿԡԪ鶣
޳а죬Χסˣ߶ע롣һᣬϵı㿪ʼڻð̣ܶʱ
¡ͻȻ洫һ޴춯Ԫһæ㣬Ƿˣ


1360 峤
¡춯һǿѹһ˲ͽסˡ޳ʱоһѹһӾ͸о
СӼӿٶȣ˾鷳ˡԪżؽ
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̡ɢһ𣬲ϵƮɢȥܶһƬС
޳һһץȻһ˶סڻظӿ죬ˮ䵽棬۳һƬˮݣʪ졣
ļˣзӦȻ΢Ȼǳ޳һ𣬼æӿٶȣھǣҪżϾͺá
ϴ󣿡ϲ΢һг˸ж֪޳һģ
ԱߵˣҲ˿޳ҵ˰취оˣ
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ˣһƿϾҪˣ
Ͼͺˡ޳촽һ߹۲ܵһߴ߶ۿűҪȫڻȻһ޴
⣬ôô죡Ԫüһֱָ̧ۣâһʼټ޳ȡһЩʱ䣬Ȼ汻Ⱥһϣ鷳ˣ
ϴǲˣҲо̬أԼҲʼŬѣżѡ
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˵⻰ʱһĨһšԼղ죬ôͽ췽˵˳
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һߣ޳˱췽ţֱӻһʧڿСٴνʱ޳֮ǰݵԺ
ϴڻˣǰɽ͵ȵ÷ǳżǽӭ˳ľˣѿЦû¾ͺãҿûȱʲô˵ǼڤķǳɱѲٵĶˣ
ǰɽЦųžȥԱλŮӱ˵Ī֪ʲôᱻ
òҲǳϣǰɽ˹ȥǣҪʱ봺ǰɽ嵽һ̡ͻأش
̣һˣˣ
洫һϲõǸղλ˼ҵҵĺҵĺڻˣ̿û
ǰɽ۾ɴˣ޳˴۵Сۡ
̣СӾȻǽˣ


1361 
һ̣ɰ˼Ҹ˻ˡ˫ǵУỨ֣ץ˫ֲڲϵ֣סز
ôãڽԼıҲλˣ
ͺãͺã˼ӯ
Т̶ܿˡҲᣬ
뿪ʱæ̴ϵ¿һ飬ʵǿΪ㣿
ҡҡͷЦһʲô̫ţܶʲôİɣ̺ܺãܺá
ȴ˲ϸһ£Ȼవˣȥ󱻽˺ģս֮峤ǶΪ̡
۾Ϲ˼ȴرУоӵ΢΢һ֪ʲôЦ£ûд¡ǲ֪뿪УֻΪصصĳһѣȻΪǻ׵ķŹ
ȴȻЦˣ⻰š峤Źκһ˽뿪еˣǲȥһ
һϲϣץס̵֡
ǡЩԣֻоϴһһʼǳºͣСһǿ纣һӿȡ
㡪̼ز֪Ҫ˵ʲô˫ţ춼ûһ仰
ţ̣첻ͻˣѾԳͨˣؽ
桭ģϲԸӡǸǶ⣬ȻˣããȻҪȥģ
ҲܸˣԴͻƺһֱţҪһͻƣȻ޳̵֣ߣ̣ܹͻƣ޳ϵĴ磬ҷǳչˡҪн죡
ŶһҪúлл˼ң
޳߳ˣ¶Цݣ᲻صؽһš
ವһЦԴä󣬶رУ϶󱲵¾ͼؽԭˣҪ׻Ϊ˾ȡ
˵Ȼ档Լǰǣ˭뵽ҲǰԼӣ˫ֺʮӷ𣬲۰
ֵؿһĻȻʲôʵԭǰо̵ϢģһΪʱǳ˻þ
ǰУԼо̵ʱͼκαʵ̫ƴȫûѣһ˿û룬Ȼģ
컯Ū˰ǰɽҲˣ̾һֻͷԣ㶵վԭء
ͨأվ档æżȥߴپȥصľʯóã
ϣһ̾Ժǰɽһʯ֣۾ھƨɺճȥ
޳ЦؿһۣӹҪˡ
ȻûһᣬʹĽǸϴģܹʲô֣徧ʯﾳħģõˣ
Բۣﾳ磿ǰɽֱˣ˿ڿˮؽòˣҿܳɰɣֲҳģûô߼Ķ𣿡
ӵڳʯžߣԼͰ͵׷ȥôҪĶǾˣҲ̫̣˰ɣ˵ҿһֲٵʲô
дУôǼбûʲôöⶫҪ˾طţ𣿡һۣ۰Ͱ͵ģͻȻһ䣬֣
ⲻϻ˭ﾳĶһ£ǰɽ죬Цһ£
ãͻȻʹӦˣҲžʯĲƿֱӽϻӵݹȥ
Ҫݵ޳һĻһ䣬³֣ˣ׷
ವһ£ֽϻӸ˻ȥüǰɽһۣһ̾˻ȥ
Բۣⲻˣǰɽյ׷ȥҲǹ˺һŷӦﾳħ޾ʯʵģϻǾһӡģһ⿪ͻᱬǿ
ûѹƣȻֳܴĶʱ˵ˮǻ֣ᷢ˵Աڣ϶о춯
ǰɽؿڣߵţСӣҽϴأļһղЩˣ
ԼҪģҰһڰЦ
Ҳһͬ˽ȫؿŷϵϻӡȻ˶һЩϵҲǵһôؼﾳĶһʱġ
ͻȻߵǰ˼ҹһ񣬵׼̡
һ仰һһ㣬ü˶ˡˣ޳һЦ⣬ǰɽľصۣһ£ʼЦ
ֻһãǸֵԼҸ磺磬ʲôʱȢˣô֪
ǺǡѾͷ֪ЦǺǵؽֳķ򻽵Ѿͷɣôˣϴμ㣬Ǹء
˶ɵԭأ⻰Ǳ̨ʣ²ô򵥰
̡Ƶغ
ǺǣСӻ˼ˡ˵׶ҲʮˣôҲûϵҲΪϼһǵá̻Ǻܸ˵ģϾһ׼ҿǸӣҲǵ̬ȡ
ߣͿ˺Ϊһʼ⣿Сֹ׵ΪʲôҪ׽ȥһ뿴δ÷򹻲ֻû뵽ྐྵȻһͿݡ
ȵȣ˵ʲô˶ˣۣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôá˰죬ŷӦ
𣿺ðĳǲһ֪ȻңҡۿغˣصžһһҪ޳ӡ
λȻԼδǰԼǰӣͺ޲ڸȥʱίˣо۸һ
һ⸱ģʱ޲ߣҪȥᣬ־ò˼վԭؽͰ͵ؽͣûҪ㰡ңǸΪϵԳƽˣѲⲻǡҲпԭ𣿺ǡǺǡ
ʵԼ˼治ˣǽҵϵȴûһ֧ԭһ֧֮ڶ첻ܱ췽ϣ峤ְλҲ峤ǵϵᷴˣһֱѹڣһ֧һֱǳ
ϣֲ뿪أ󣬵ϵһֻʣ˾һ硣֮£˱취ޱҵ뿪ȥ磡
ҲҪˣýĽͣ˫棬ˣ˺ﻹȥ
ιһͷǼӿһɲ̣̾׷ȥ
ѹСӵһμʱôܣ֪˰ɣ޳ԻɣСһʼǲͬµģֻͲ˵ˡ
ȥķЦЦ
˴һᣬȻس˻㣬ǵ뿪峤ʲôѹˣ
ʲôվǲ𣿡סŹվż˵ȴԱ뿪ҸȥǸ峤ĶԹʱˣ


1362 ͻΧ
޳Ȼǲܣ¾ȥ
ȴסϴǵģа취߰ɡȻǰ峤խҪƴĻҲǳֲǵʱֲˡ
ħ޾ʯ޳һᶨؽ
áбġ޳ϻȥᶨؽҪƴǿպáⶫڻ綼Сĵ㡣
˵ţ˼Ҹ󣬱ǰɽ˴Ӵ˵ûҪعĻпܻ۾һǷ
㡣鷳ǵôѶң޳ֻҪһ޳ȥ֮ǰͻȻתž֣صؽһֱһøжˣܹߵգ⼸λֵҲ˺ܶ࣡
ţ֪ˡǱأ֣صصͷĿϣⰵһЩʲôû˵һأתԺӡ
ۣԼҶˡһ֧Ȼϼҵ֧Ͼϼҵˣ֮Ȼͨ飬û֮ǰȻᱻݣðǸգѣ
޳һۣһʩչǧ٣Ѹײڶ֮ƣɿȥ
ٶȷǳ죬ʹֲҲѾץסǣ޶֤㲻˵£ʱҪˣа취
޳˵᲻£׻ǵľԼҶ磬޳ʵ
İɣغܣԼΣС޳ο
ĥˣЩһָƣϾͻǵ䡣Ͽȥ󣡡Ԫ鼱
š޳ٶȣȫǰһѾ֪ǰٶȱʱҪٺܶ࣬һ͵ˮǱԵǰһû谭ͳ˳ȥ
ط档˻ͷһۣ֮ǰǱ޳ģβŷ֣Щȡ
޳Цһ£ǷɿȥǳˮǲãʹһƿƺƵһȫװбͳ˹
Ϊһǽ磬һǰһָȵҳ壡һҪ£
䣡ԶˮǳںȻһҵһֻ޴Ķģһɺ嫵ĲãϢڸ
췽ģ췽ˣȻڣ嶼ˣһǿУǽʥ
簵һ޵£ǳ޳Ǽ׷Ǹ̫Ǳ峤ڣӦֲʲô
ã׷ˣǰɽָźѹѹһȺ˺
ôôࣿǱҪöడüһԵҲһǣƣƺռҲҪࡣ
ϵʯóֵǣǿ󡣡޳֮ǰο󷨣ǰɽϵʯõĲˡ
߻һóһǬǰɽҲóԼǬɵ̨ϡ
һǿտҲƽ̨ɵˡ
ѾˣҪôͺͺһƬѹûдźܣʯﶼ֪
Ԫ飡޳кȻһ¡
֪ˣæأԪ鼱æһʹǳݿʼѾæˡ
˿ָ˸һƵƵ֣ͷͼС
СӣţԪ麰
޳ɫһͼ৵һ³⣬̨ȥ
ֻһƬһһž޴ͼͼһӵĹӰһɲǣϺȻҲһͼΣȻǵ̨ģ
㶯֣޳ż㶵˺
ŶŶǰɽ˴ѣžʯǻԭܵУʯһԵ˽ȥ
˾ǣЩԭܣȻֻһƬӰʯһӴܣͱһҫ۵ĺ⣬Ȼʵڽһ
ԶոϵԵĽ缸ˣڿеͼʱҲһ
󷨻ԭ粻ŵؿǰⲻʧô˻ã
峤㿴ǼˣǲǾǴеļˣˣˣ
ŸʲôҽɫһŭغۿžҪ򿪣ɲ⼸ͽӵ
׷ˣסǼӿٶȣ޳˵űǰȥ͵һǧ˲䱬ķӰڿУγһܵķ㡣
ӰͫһŵؿǰһĻҡͷôܣǸ񣿲ܰôܣ
ŭҡͷȻ̧ͷݺݵص޳һۣȵħȻô壬ǻòͷˣ
޳ûд𻰣һüĳһɫĳ硣ͬʱǧҲͬһ৳֣һߡһ˲ǧһӴѹ£
ⲻܣлңǰǸͬʱˮǶڳµĹԵУиأ˶̧ͷС
ಣмȻɳӰӰһ㣬৵һ³Ŵ߷
ãЩϼһӡˣߣԪ޳˵ͬʱַһ̲ͣһƿԪ֮ϡ
ˣԪܾûйʱȻһһεѹһ£Ⲩһܡ
ףô£λͻȻͣڿУɻ֪ܣɫһݣ̧ͷ޳ߣӿٶȷɹ
޳Ԫ鷢ʱǧ赲Լ˴С˿Ѿһһܷɢͬ˳һ㡣
ϴϾͺˡǰɽͬʱһʯͶС
ˣźԪһͬɢϵĻ⣬߻һ㣬ڵһ±ȫ
£Զһŭ𣬼֣һǿĹѸ͵س޳
Ԫ͵һȣһƳԪӡ롣̼䣬Ԫ£ÿһ¶ɢһɽ𲨣৵һ´ȥ
أĹײʲô˾ҵײһ̣Ƿܶһ޴ѹֱֱسż˹
ηڴˣɫһ䣬Ŀɨܣǵ˰ȴʲôûС
޳ˣѾذӳ˰͸״̬һ̣޳ǧһգ˳ʧŵС
ģǴΪŭŷϵˣ
ϵǰ߷ߵؿŷɿʧǰĴӰԱߵĽ磬λڳ֣ŵһ仰˵Ҫѵĳ嶯
ҪߣͼλںȻ֣س󷨴һǰʧӰȻֿʼʵ
ʹڻе޳ˣͻȻоһɾ޴ĴʹҪǼǿ㹻ҪȻͱһѪˣ
ģҵСȺС˵ˣСӣʩչǧ٣Ͽ뿪ҪǿͻͨˣԪؽ
޳ɫһ˵ǰɽˣǧٳٳǰȥԷণͬһ㣬̵ʹ̡ټϺѹ׷ʹ
ΪԼҪʱеʱǰȻһŹϹ̲ܣһ͵˳ȥ
ȫˣǰɽһؾ͹Ц
ȫðܣǰȻܻ
ȥһͷ޴ŭسϢɫһдʱʱ˫Ŀͨ죬ֱҪˣ


1363 汩ŭ
ǾȻ˸˽üֱ͵βͣһβӳһѹ˶ԭء
һһ³뵽ŵС
޳˱סӣͻܹǰɽ뵱¾Ϳʼߴߴ
ôôǿҲ̫ƽˣֻһ尡ֱҪˣΪһѪûȱݵ࣬ȻȲһûļһֱһ裡
ҲֻǱԹһ£ﵽߵʱԭͿ״ڣֻһֱڶѡ
棬ǵŪʲô״̬֮ǰһֱΪӰ˿̿ûô򵥡
أзһҵײʹһռ䣬Ҳǳ
˵᲻ˣؿһĴСʵ
Ųᡣֲɵػģûܵ˺ģǾͷİɡʶԼڵı죬һ㶼ġ
һ鷳顣ȻɥؽԭھڵǻץǴأںˣǽ˸˹Ҫŭˡ
ڲ߹Ҫػ˭˺һһľ޳˽Ǳ緢֣ڿ϶ưոݣ
ѻ죬ɣǰɽ
ڼ˵ŵǵʱ򣬻ûз޴ı仯Ԫ½طͻȻ
ǰ˴ңÿһŵض˾ҵ𶯣ǷһХϯɽֱǨһҪĩٵĸо
˴屻ǲȥˣȫиϡ϶ǻ¹ŵصԨ棬ߡ
޳棬Ҳ֪ôˣôܷȥ
϶п϶˴ˣ㵱治ߣճϵѾؽԼǼ̳˵ˣɲԵʱǸСӼ࣬ߵҲûãƽȻƽ߰ɣһȥ
϶ķٿΪʲôճôҲͰ׻ˣ
үү϶ۿ˵ˣʲô˵ģͷһͬ뿪¹ŵء
ү϶һ㡣һỬ䣬һĨᡣ϶ţ޳һģ
飡һ죬һ޴β৵س֮ϣ㽫Ŷ򴩡ڼ˾ȵĿУβ͸һϵҡ
һʼûܽζſţȻ˲Ծ
СǰܹԼڣôĮʵڣôˣ
Ĭ˰죬ʲôӦûС
ĵشǰСʵڣû°ɣ
룡βҡ£˼¡
ȿȡңҺסˡ
ȿȣͻȻüı죬ҪЦЦֱﲻסȿ޻ѿŬһȻʵڣ廹ᱻס
룡Ҳ֪仰ŭǿڣĳλںȻԼѾû壬֮ŭˡ
һβ৵һ³ڼǰڵɫԳƲϺÿɨ˼˼ۣĿⶨ޳ϡ
޳ͷһȻһɲõͷȻವһ´ܵ޳ǰӣضʵ֮ǰЩģҲǼͨ
ǡ޳ûʵص
ܺáޱؽһβ;ͳ޳ҹ
ڣʲôˣæҪۣδͱһɾ޴ƿһµԶĵϡ
䣡޳һģھ⵱У˫ȭһգϷһ޴ײ鲻Խغ˺üסӣһߣȻûܴܵѹһĨȣ޳ֳʵЩԾ
Сӣ
ǸкܶҪʵѴ˵ʵڵģʵҲ߱һ֮ǰеľǳкܶҪ޷ʱ
Ը⣬ǾͽҲһһЩ
ڣ㿪ʲôЦɫҲ޳˵ʲôˣڶɣ
ɫ䣬ֻؿ޳ʵ㻹ִҪ뿪
ǳǿӲ޳Ҫ뿪ԥɱһ»ˣܻ뿪ǧ޳˲ǵһηطˣְȨЩˣΪ»Զ˻УΪӦڵһ
޳ҡͷܡ
ãǾͽ°ɣҲϻԴ̬ȲͬλĶɱģ
޴βһ㣬ֱֱس޲ѹͶһƬ޴Ӱ
뿪޳ǷɿԱһƣʩչ˹ȥ
޳ˣ򲻹İô󺰣СôôȴӦȻһ뿪ͺҪʵô󣡲
䣡޳˫ȭ֣βصȥȭͷһŽɫȭâţ͸ž޴ѹǾ޴β͵ʱ򣬾Ȼһ£ͱյӰ٣
̵ģǼƣԼһ󷨣ǻСԪ黰δ˵꣬ͼβһ𣬶һӴر˳
ƣ޳һݣɿˣͱղԼȥˣɫصؿǰӴľһһɵǡ汬ʵȻҪ֮ϡټмƺͷƣ͸Σˣ
ԪȴͻȻ̵ģȻ췴˲ɣȻҳ֣ˣСӣ򣡡
Ԫ飿ʶ޳ԪĿǾʶ
Ҳ֪ҾǼǳҴ򣡡Ԫһ˵һߴ߶ԪȵԪ㣬һҪúýѵѵһ
ã޳ȻĴ񣬴߶湥˹ȥͬʱԪһεѹ޳һ𣬳ǰ˹ȥ
䣡һɺ嫵ѹ˲䱬޳ԼһȻôǿ
Աߵǰɽˣֱӱ޴籩Ʒ˵⣬֪εʲôط
𣡡һ죬˸ţҡһ£·ŭغ޳ſ죬۵³һž޴Ļ
ǵϮŭ·Ҫȼһ㣬һ˲ͽܵĿ
޳ɫһԱȥǻŻʯϣ̾ͽʯڻˣ
СгСӣ㣬ǴԪȻٺЦһ󲿷ע뵽ԪС
һ˲ԪȻâ޳嶼һƬ⣬ͬһһͬһһǿѹֱֱسܷɢȥ
ǣڼǽһɲǣɫȻһͣӡ
ĵ޳ǰһ㣬ವһ³湥ȥȻͺÿˣֻԼǿȻĵģʹҲˣ
ߣ⸱ٶмһ৵һſ죬һ¾ͽ޳ȥ
ܶʱһƬڡ޳û뵽һ壬Ȼʵһã
һ䣬Ԫȭͷһ³˹ȥǣ澹ȻûУֵغⲻܣôܣ


1364 
ֵǶҩһ㣬˲ӿӶһƬӰУȥǼʲôµһ
ܣⲻܣͻȻڵأȻŹ
ʲôϻˣһĻ˶ɵˡ
޳㡭Ҳ̫ţ˰ɣ˶ˣŵؿǰݡ˿̱һڣױŴˡ
޳ӣҲһãȻҲֲ⵽ôһ¡ܿ˿ֲû˳֣Ҳ֪׳ʲô״
ˣˣһжˣһֱ߶⼸䣬ɪɪһҪˤӡ
Ǽˣǰɽۣȵغ
Ԫ飬ô죿޳ʵӣֲװģΪԼҲûôǿܹñԼǿĶų
ΣҺú롣ԪҲɶͷԣǰƺʲôղűһţָˣ
޳ûа취ֻøʹ˸ɫȥԼڹͨͨ
һսսǰСʵڣǲǲҪȻȥȻǾͿ·ˣȻһ䣬û˵
ͻȻ̧ͷƳһԼĺ󱲣װͰ͵ؽһȥҪǡ
ŵһ£ͷǰһųӣôõô죿
޳ûнֻ˼ؿǰȻǰ
ŸʲôȥֵһۣҲһЩ
ⲻУڣ޳ˣ㲻ܡ
֪ˣȥ治ͷؽ
ֿһ޳ҲԼͷһͷȥ
û£ǰɽ˼״ԥؿ޳һۣ鵭һгӣҲ㲻ٷϻȥ
ֻһᣬֻʣ޳棬Ѿӵվڵϣ̬ȱ֮ǰһٰʮȵĴת䡣
ǰЩɱ޳
Ԫ飬û޳ɻһ߸ߣһԪ顣
꣬𳳣ءԪ˿ſԪ֮ϣɫأлģʲôҪðȴַǳƻץסʱֆһˣ
ϡĶܿ죬һ͸޳һξ룬ֻͣߴ̬һֱܹûҪŭӡ
ƢɶǸǵģƢ޳죬֪ǰڼɻʲôȻ˸Ƶġ
ԼʲôִܹڶоֲȥǸޱȵĻˡģԪ֮⣬ʵûʲôɣ
ѵԪ޳뵽һܣƺԪļأ޼Ԫⲿʷ飬ʵûϡ룬ûܡ
ˡţͻȻͣת
ǣ޳ܣֿյһƬʲôûС
Եȡ湧ؽ˫һ۵һʱһֳ
泯޳ǷǷӭӹһ㡣
޳أҲ飬̧ȥ
߶ܵĿȻҲƮͬһůһѬ˷ǳˬţǰľɫ˱仯һſͬһǰը
ĿŨ޳ȵؽ
ԲۣⲻǿԪȻʮǰ󻷾ûиı֮ǰĻ
޳һæʵ˵δı֮ǰŨȣҲ̫
ʵ޵ˣʮǰѹܳôʥʽܣͲܱȵģֱһһڵأ
޳˿ŨŨһһܸоǿʢ̫Ҹˣʱǵ˺
СӣҲ̫ˣôףȻͨĸˣԪЦĿǱģӦ˼ٱܹôŨϡһٱҲĿҪˡ
ԭˡ޳ҲЩЦȷʵ˵㡣ǰʲôôôʵĿڡ
ֱڣΪطֻ龳һþ򣬲ʵĴڣû뵽
ȷʵ磬ȴһ硣ܿ͸޳룬ͻȻ
޳һ̧ͷȥղһֱԪ齻ѵһ﷢ˣ
û޳״һԹԵؽطûô򵥣Ȼʵڵ磬ȴбġ
壿޳죬ʵǰɷ֪ﵽʲôط
ڻ磬磬ֻΪǵΪѣʵʲôطҲֻΨһڵˡ
ɫȻ˻䣬ʵ㻹֪𣿼Ȼ֪Ǿͱ֪ˣαѰաҽһֻܵõʲôȫƾԼ컯ˡ
޳Ӳ⣺֪ǰΪͻȻˣɼǵղҪɱԼġ
ܿ⣬ҶǧʣѾ࣬ӽʱðɡҪˣҲڲ˶ãڶϰ
ĻôԽ˵Խ֣޳üʼ䣬ȴ治ͷҡҡ֣ˣܸľֻôࡣ߰ɣٴȥĵط
ðɡ޳˼ҲǿѣֻԼڰй۲졣
뿪ƬصĿռ½ȥ˻طһģǳأ֮ǰ޳ûдĵط
û뵽羹ȻӴ󣡡һι޳֣ԼһʱģѹֻǾţһëѡʩչǧ٣һʱſ߱Ĵ󲿷ֵطһЩطĻֵһ
طƺСͣ޳ʵǰǾѾ﷢˱仯ϸ۲죬֮ǰĻҪࡣ
ûܿͻᱻƴȫάֵһ˿룬ҲҪϨˡ˸еؽ
ˣ޳һѿ˭ûʣҡͷʲôҪ˵ˣҲԵ֣ҲΪ㡣һУܹõ٣ö١һὫ󷨴򿪣ܹӳٶȡ
ǰ޳һõͷ
ͷ󷨲򲻵ѲܿͿҪˣٻԻһΰɡ
˵ţһβڿնڿзɿ趯һɫ׹Ķ֡
ɫ׾£һͼֻһͼڿ͵һѸٷɢ৵һ³ŵƮȥ
¡¡һӴɢȥֱʱǱʲôס赲˻
ϼۣͼ赲֮£γһĹⲨڻܡˣ󳹵񱻰һĵطһʴ֮С
ЩףôλһȻЩҵĹǡٲ󣬽ⶫһ˵Ԫ˵ţ㿪ʼڿٲָâʼ
ĶԪһ˵Ĺâϵسܷɢ
Զɫӵؿ޳Ȼû˵ȻѾֲﵱеԪ顣ĬĬһע뵽޳ڡ
ǰ޳⣬һͷ͵ȴǸԻ


1365 
ϴôˣǰɽƼ춯Ĵ£Ҫش˽
޳еɻתͷһۣҾڴһʱ䡣
ʲôǲڱģȥˣһ⻹˵ã¾Ҫȥƴǵǰ޳һ㶼Ըµģ
ɳ嶯Լıע⡣޳֮ǰûпŨؿռĻҲᷴԣ֮طܶ˼ĵطټͻȻת̬ȣֱԼӦ
ô£ʵ֪޳ƢԸûܹʲô
ڻ˵طϾҪˣԸµĻץʱúòһ°ɡطǰǱѪӦûкܶջ񡣡޳
ģǰɽ˵غĿ⽫ܴһ£ǰȻú࣬ȴĶ࣬ĻлᣬҪ
޳ˣһʵͻͽҲż֡ҪǱ˦̫̫࣬ûˡ
޳һ£ͷתˣأ
ﻹЩܺã࿴Լһۣһ˼ǻȻؼȥɡ֮ǰڽ崳ôĻǿ϶ܲ鵽˿̯ӳûȥʰ
ţҸߡ޾ɵؽ
޳ֽĿתġκߵŮ΢΢ͷδ˵ߺ룬ջǾ뿪϶һǳ޴磬Ȼȥһ
˴γĿľǰ޳ǰ޳ѾҪİæǾֻܸϻȥȽ϶
޳ǵѡҲδֻིתͷ棺ǰɷǼͳȥ
šηǳˬ죬ͲƵģûһۣ㳯ڵһȥ
˲ؿ޳һۣһءȥ
׻ȻҪԭϣ޳ܹǴȥ޳֮һĨڣιȥ
潫֮󣬱ȽߣƾǺãֱӽһյžһ½Ÿˡ
֮׻ʺǰɽӽС޳ʱݶҪһЩ뵽֮ǰȥǸŨķҲɡȵԼòʱٻط
лǰ޳ǳмؽת˽ȥ
ŸһȥԪҽСӣʱǵһЩңΪ˸㲼󣬿ˡ
ãȻٲ㡣޳Ԫ󷽣¾һ뵤ﵱС
Ԫ̾غǰȻһôһ㣬һ̹ôϤζ
ˣԼĵ㡣޳ȻѾ԰ָĴڣȻ˿̶Ƿǳ𾴣֪᲻ֱʡ
Ԫ޳ҪСģصصͷȻɡٸ㲼ֻҪ˹ͻҲ㡣
˵꣬æ
޳յУȫ򿪡һᣬһžɿڣ紺һůʡ
һɺԵأβñһϴʱϡͳϵرˢ彥
ԴԴϣؽ弫УǽʶСģƺ뵽һַǳľ統Уãƴ󡢿顣
оһĵϴ
ǼڻǱʱȴȫһӡ
֮ǰ봫УһβԪ𶯣ֱ֮ͬصİ˴ңܵ˲С
˴ŵȫŵֲѣҪһ
¹ŵصУЩǰ̽Ҹ֣Ҳ˲ʧٵವһ£ͷҲصػظԵļ塣
ϼĸ󣬱ֱӻϼҡһصڣͱֱൽãĸ׵ۣ޲ɱӡ
˭ȥģǲ֪ǲȥ˴֮䶼ϸ涨壬캢Ӳȥˣ
ͷһᣬԸ׵Ļǳȥȥˣʲôʵġ˵ǽϵȺˣǾǻȥָ˵ʲôԣ
Ϻ㱻ԼŮĻһһ㶵ģ˰ʵ˭Ǿ
ظףǽ𺽣Ѿȷʵһѵһ˲šʱؽ
Ƿ𣿡Ϻ㾪ȵؽǽϵûȴһķϵʵ峤֮λ֧ȡˡȻôܻϼϵף峤Ǵ֮һҪ˿ϵЦ
ɲǷԼ׿֣ˬغѾǳ㣬Ѿ췽ĳϣŲǷ
ʲô¾ϼ˶ʵ˵Ŀģ
һƲ죺ƭʲôȻĿǰƣţһȡ峤֮λģ
Ϻһ£ȻüˣڱϾ峤峤ôΪɣҪǽǽȥء
ʲôǵĶǺܿ죬ôͲˡ˶Щ⣬Źȥãͱˣ
ϺεصһۣΪǳصģһΣЩǰȫˣǰ˵˷ǳĴڣûֵôھҼ˵˵£ô죬Լ˵ɣ
ϺҪǳ谮ӣȴֻһŮСͷǳ۰Ҳߵ޷ˣڳ˴£Ȼ׺ݣȴż
գգۣ״˵ĲŻ˵ģ룬ȻǾ͸ҾѺˡ
ʲôѾͷ˵ʲôϼҳȫվԼǲˣֻһֽѣʽϼһûȻҪҾѣǲ
ȴһͷûѡȻǽ˾ھν峤ˮݣǲ͵ѾˮݣԣʵҲûʲôˡ
⡭ϼҳЩҲͼŽǽ𺽾ǸôҲǽҵϵǸˡû뵽顣
Ҫ֪ڽĴҲڡǵʱŻңҶ粻һ
ôɣԼҳһۣʵ
ҪףȻһλС
⻰һֳ߶ʱ΢ͬ⣬˷ԣֱ˫һ죬ߵغ˺ˣҾǿ
˵꣬ͷҲصˡ
ϺһͷԼҹŮ֪ĺܣϲСӵӣҪƼˣ˵ʲô˺Īɵ
ϼ˲֪Ǻõʱ򣬴ӽͳһϢϺӹһɫʱ䡣
峤ô£Աߵϼҳɫԣæʵ
ǽ峤źǽϺ
ףҲͬ⣡ҪȥҪЮǧϵת÷ǳ죬±ϼ˷룬ֻһ֧ѣҪˣֱȥ˵һǾ֮ˡαҪʦڣ
Ϻ㼸ɫһ𣬼æʵ˼ǣ


1366 
λ˼ʵֻһǲϵλϸ룬峤ֱӸǶԻ
԰ǽ峤۸ڶмҵ֮ξȻŶ̫ˣϺü˵ǽ̬ȣҲ߲ѡ
˵׵ʱֱӵգҲͨϼұŴ˼ʱͼȿǣǲʦڡ
Ϻࣺ˼ǣ
ɫһʱΡǶǱýû취ҪȥҪЮ
⡭˾Щ˼顣ϺֱʵҶţǽ𺽻𣿡
߲СڣڶŮ֮ϣɾŮˣҪһС
ȥʱԼһۣЦŵ治˵ǽ峤ǱƼˣԲŻ²ߡ
˿ǡϺ໰˼ǷǳãȻֱӵֶΡҪҪֱ棬ɱ˲ͺˣ
ãһȥȡ治˷ˣϺ㽫žһͨѾע⡣ڹ˽˴ߣ
û죬ǱϢԾֱ͵Уѯɺá
ףǶĶˡЦһţ˹ȥ
忴ҪԭˣҲ׼׼ˡϺЦŽʣѾǳԣǱʲôвҲϼ߶ž޴ѹܱ
ֹգ崫Ϣ췽ٴγ£ҵϵѪɵϵһƹܡ
Ȩļ֪ջǳɹˡϢʱ򣬼Ƶģֱ
ͼģֻϣƽͺáˣ޳Ҳˡһ뵽ֺȻһ˿ģжǵվȵĳ
ϣ˭ôأѾƼԼŴⷢЦʵ
ѽͻȻ֣һ˵©죬߳ŭغ
Ǻǣ治˼ˡǺЦš
㡭㻵ˣȥȥҲŲҪ㣡ߵͨ죬ȥߡ
Ц⣬ץס֣εؽˣˡҪ֪ͨһǱߴϢǹȥһˡ
⽫롱ҧرءһ˿ζʵôοˣ
ȼǳأ˽ϵûϵǳǿѹƲ֧˼Էƺر¡أ
ؽ⻹ĸҪ˸÷࿴һۡ
ûнǣЩǧöҪˡ׵ʱһֻǷûϡµãҡһ峤ҪǼ޹ȥɾǵĸ
ȴмЦ£ʲôԸ⣬þȥȢ
ǺǣģӾͳԴˣ޷Ů˱ı죬һ˵ţһߣ߰ɣĥˣǶء
󱻲鲻Ըϼұ壬һȥܵʷ¡صĶԴһȺЦЦûڣ޲Ťͷߡ
ɵӣҲǲµŮôõһϣðײã
Ҫϲ㣬ڻص˽Уʵǿϲɺء֮ǰ㣬ҪֲֲǼңڽ֮䶨Ҫúദ֪𣿡ϼ峤ЦǺǵؽ
˽һЦֹͷĹȻ⣬˻û˵ҪȢأΪ׼ˣ
Цģ״ƺؽֻҪؽ㲻Ȼڻ¡
⻰һɫ䡣Ͼǰ˶ǽҷԴ
Ц£ɫת˻⣺˴ǰʵһҪҪҲ˰ɣ
ڳɫȫš
֮ǰҵǸѾ޳˵⻰ʱɿɨһˣõ鱨ָ޳ϼùϵƺ
ɫżѣȴұ¶ԼҶ綼ҡ
ˣЩɻȻѾʾ޳ΪУȴûôöԸֳ˼ɵһޱȵ֮ǰ˲㽫ǼŵضƷˡ
˵Ҳһ˿ɵĴΪУһǳΣյˡ
峤˼ģ̽Եʵͬʱ΢΢ԼҸǱŲŲһһԲϣ·ʱҲиӦ
ЦЦؿҾ˵Ӧѡ񣿡
ǺЦ£ϻ̳Ͽֵؽʲô峤ôңʵŻˡ
ЦǺǵģȴյ˵ʹע⣬׻Ҳ
أ֪ʲôתࡣ
ɫһ࣬ɫҲ֪¹д£ҺҲ졣
Ǻǣá˫΢У֪ʲôϵЦȴûôСϼҵ֧ҪҪ֪ͨһϼлԼǱȻġֻ΢ĩĸԽʱϼһⰲǰȥǿһͬޡ
ûð𣬵ǿţһĸޣбЦ
νңһ߸ϵȴӵ顣
Ϻ㼸ȫŵؿһʱܲסɽǴˣһøɣ
ǺǣȻ峤Ѿ˾硣ЦŽһͷôúŪͲ뿪壬¶ԼһˣȺɵӣҲһɵ
΢Цţתȥ
˫΢΢УԭŮޱŭû뵽Ȼһ鶼ûУѵǵ鱨
룬ֻܼңϼҵ˼ҡ
û룬һȴͱˣ
峤֮λû뵽ϼҾˡϼ׼ʱЦôŵ߶ɵˡ
ãܺãЦеģ֪˶֪ΣյġȻ˹ģԸȴ쳣ˬɭЦݣȴǳټ
鷳ȥϼ峤ϸĽ顣¼εĽ峤ЦŽ
ڶգ˼֪幥ϼңŭϼҲ壬ٻԼ
ɵˣһ߲һȥ
ɾˣ㾡ȫ֮ŵͶϼ½ңĿ⣬õĽֻһܾˣ
廢һͻҷʳȻ鷢½˳ȥ
ɾͽ֣һʱ˴۾
üˣͬؽ̫ðˣΪһжֱּçΪ
һصͷҲôٵáɴ˵ֻܹصӣҲų²ߡ
ʲôǶ⣿ɫˣ˺ڣһԺ׷ɱࡣ


1367 ϶ŭ
ϼҽޱȣռǱҲ徲϶һص壬æά򣬾洫޳ۡ
¾;ˣ֮ǰĸоûүģ
϶崫Ϣ˵Ҫһ𹥴޳ǸطҲ׼һ¡ճߵŴⷢŮ̾˿
үүǷǵ𣿡϶üͷšţתͷ˵ؿߡ
гһ¾˼ճϳ֪϶λĸ飬ˣҲ
϶ɫһһضԴߣҲͬģҪôǷȥҵļ̳ݣҪôҵģҪ޳ΪУ
϶㣬ΪҪִԲ򣡡ճ̾Ϣ޳ѾΪʸ֮ģܻܲȥǸ⡣Ҫ簵С
үôױܣʹһʱƣҲվΪһ϶ᶨؽʼռţ޳һɹģ
㣡ճϲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôã£̬ҲǿӲôţ޳ôˣ鲻ˣ㲻ģʹ۲Ϊ
Ҫ϶ɫһӽһֱչмٵүү϶
϶㣡ճص̾ϢһĹִʵ⣡һۣҡͷ˳ȥ
죬϶ͷ֣ԼסˣһЩĽơ
żѣ˴ϵĻ޳һǳΣգ붼û룬৵һע뵽ﵱУ˵һһǿʢ̹Ȼ
ͬһʱ̣Զڻе޳ȻһڵĻһ¡
϶޳͵ۣľһ¡ֻһ£ڰϸһ£δоĴΣУŷ
϶ڵĽƼеȫֱֱسϡ
ϣŵ̹죬ҫޱȡ϶ľһƬ޴𵴣һѣһ̹ϡ
ô£峤ȫ˳̧ͷе̹⣬Ĳš
ĸգģûɣӻ׵ĳǣͻȻһСһȫ˵㵸˷ܵؿ̹⡣
϶϶ˣճϳ϶˵غ
϶ĽƱˣôôͻȻԼ򿪵ģ˶һ϶ڻصеʱѾ򿪹Ϊܲסֱӡˡû뵽ھȻԼˣ
ûˣǿ쿴ȱ֮ǰǿ˺ö࣡
䣡˵⻰кȻһһ£ͽϵһƬΪƽء
ʲô˷̣ܵӣҪҰ
ճԵɣû˵ѾͷȻΪһˣҪԴԼļ
ϣʲôλϼ϶ĶԽԽ󣬼æһֱճϡ
ңճûؽ
Աߺ¡춯һǿѹһͽܵľͽ˸ף
ˣҲ˲Ծǰϲñڣȫȵ
϶̹⵱УעŵˣҲû֮ǰĲµĲԴࡣ˸һɺ壬˭޳ΪУΪУҪɱȴʬ̤ȥ
϶Լ˭ˣգճҲŭȵ
϶ȻЦˣЦû޼ңû϶ұ۸ʱҹ¿ʱүһδξңҲүů
˿˫һһ貵̹⣬һ߽ûҵļˣ޳ֺγǣҵûԲռҵ飬û˵Բ£ΪһҪԣΪʲô
һΪʲôһɾķŭȼճһƬҫ۵̹⡣϶һ㣬̹ⱩǣеĹŷӨӨ⻪ҹͬ硣
ϣô죿λ϶żѡǺѹƣǵ֮Ѿ޷ѵ⣬֣һСռΨһĴѪˣҪռҾˣ
ϣɣѾûޣȨ˴ϡ
ճϿһۣȴڰҧȺ˸ǣǰԶҪԸ޳ʱô˵ˣ
˿̧ͷ϶ѾͷǴӦˡ
϶еĹžҪӳȥϢ¾ԭء
ճɫһݣæԼ
Ŷ϶ϲæ̹һϣСؿ˼λһۣүүǲǺҵİɣ
ճϰһۣǵ㣬һҪɱ˵ģǸ𣿡
үү϶Щ˼ղȷʵ嶯˵㣬ֻҪһ뵽үܵ˺Ҳ侲
ճϿһۣȻˣҲá⼸Ǳ޳ǱߵǻᶢţһϢͻ㡣ҪǿԼʵпȥˣ֪𣿡
ţ϶ס϶ŷġϵΪ¸ŵģ¾ͷĵȥ
˺û죬㴫Ҽλ飬󾰺Եţ϶ռҼλ峤֮ѵ϶̳峤֮λ϶λ֮ĵһ飬ˣһͬѰ޳䡣
ûãǣĲиŬ֮£ھվ޳ߣռҽˡ
һߣҲͬѰ޳䣬޳ǸӺǸظֲ֮ء
һʱ䣬д½Ʊã׷׳ûһɡѰ֪Ĳ֪ߣȫ뵽ѰĶ鵱С
е֪ʲôֻ沨Ҳһʱ䣬ޱȡ
ҵͷѪʱ޳ȴشڻУػһʱ֮Ա֡
Ѳ֪˶ã޳һֱھڤ뵱Сһǳľ磬ÿһεĸ򣬲ѹϵϢȻҲ
ڤгƵӣǲܵѾ÷ǳ첨޳գһԪ
Ԫʱ䣬Ԫ׵޸һ¡ԭЩĶʢھϴ£ѾӲӣԪ׻ָչԡ
һڷǳƯɫ󶦣Ͽŷ֣ܡԪԪ棬ӣϸϸظŶʢһȦȦ·ӡָ䣬һʱմϷЩһǰһĻĻ
Ԫһƹ⻪ıãԽԽңԽԽ֪Լ˭
ˣˡ˿ȥ롣Ȼ첻סǿ֪ʱȻ֪
Ԫ飬ǻطڣܵɣ޳վ̤Ĳ֮ǰӯ̤࣬ڵϣȴͬٿ̤һ
Сӣüӿٶˡ֮ǰѾȥʱ䣬֧Ų˶೤ʱˡԪȻ
£޳һ㶣û뵽ʱô졣¾ͷǰһطУ֮ǰѾмֵĵطָ˳޳ֱһѹڡڴ˵ؿԴǡ
һĴȥʱ䣬£ֱȻһ


1368 ͽ
ҵ𶯽ҡһ£Ȼݣȴʵ
ȻһȻжҵˣ
죬ﲼ󣬴ҿˣʱĶƽ֣ȫ˷ܼˡľǣһҵĶضܷǳ
ԶмƼߵһĻ໥ʹ˸ɫ£ֱͬķ
ú󣬽塢塢ŵУһϢҵ޳ˣ޳Ǹصĵط
㣬֪ͨǵȫϣɫһİ
һߣ϶Ҳ׼ãѶϼҽһϣһͨʮ硣˭뵽ǸصĵطȻڵУ
䣡ǰϴҵѾڿʼֻδƽ⣬һֱҲ޷ȥ
϶뾰˿ǰѹѹһȺˣһĨǡˣվǱҵˡ
峤巨ǿ󣬴ǽ˫лҪֹǣʱ䣬Ѿȥۣ˿ɫأüɢһɳķζ
á϶ͷӦתȥԸռ׼Ϊ˽죬Ѿ׼˺ܾá
㵱ĵ㡣ߵߣСؽУгڴ˳ףһֱڵ޳Ҫˡ˼ĸٯٯֿܷ
򶨵صͷԹǾͺã㲻ǰ֪𣿡
ѵùɵصͷΪ֮ǰѾΣϼҳڱ
һǰһϰڱѪ֮ϼʧɵ徹ȻŴŮϡѪ֮δȫѣ˿ϳһ⣬ľ޴ʧˣ
峤㱣ֻ֤Ҫ廹һˣ㲻ý峤£ͷİɣСŮѷ֣ЦŽ
꣬ΪѪ֮ľѣͳΪһ峤ļ̳ˣֵѪͳ˼ʶʲټܵĹϵý谮мӡ
ɫһ죬̧ͷŽ峤ҲҪء
Ĳ죬ʱɢһµĿģͬԵУϺ༸˵źݺģһҧתɵǵĴӪС
׼ҳ壡žһȣսĻףǰڹĹȥ
ָ֣뾰Զȥһߣ϶У˫̹⣬ȳήħ󣡡
¡һҵıըʮ糹𶯡ԭȻ粻Ļ磬˿Ǳʲô忪ЩҪɢȥļ
ǹȻֹˣԭ˵õģ赲塣˾赲塣λϸ磬鷳⽵ħˡ˾峤˾տһ󣬿ٵؽ
ãǰָת뵽ΧȦСһߣ˾ת۾һ
󣡡峤һȣͳͳĽħ󹥻˹ȥս׿ʼ
¡¡
˷𶯵ûķԽԽѱƣ˿̻״ԼԼֳ˸ӷ
ǵĹսҲԽԽǿҡҪķ󣬴˿ͱˣ
Բۣڴǣбѣ¾ͳ˳Աߣ׻ǰɽССҲӸԵг˳̧ͷãؿܡ
ڹǰɽһɫͻȻһ䣬Ծغ
أ˶ˣôһ㷴ӦûУõȥ档ܽҵŪôĶ˿϶ǳ
ȥǵģҪܡȻϷȥ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
һʵڣʲôˣôˣ
ްץʱ䣡̬ƺ࣬ȴɲݷβһ˦ͽ˸ϵУһ¹ţ۸Ƿ
ͬʱϽҫʤȻ˿һĻŵõͷߣ
磡ǵǰ͸϶ϴһǷǡ˿̵״ǳãڲʧҹ͸
еѾ㣬޳ȴԴУòס
֪СǻΪԼ޴ۣ˫һ𣬽ϵϤע뵽Сֻܻס޳ķ䣬طѾչ˲
䣡
սѾ˰Ȼ׶Σ壬ߵƷǳϾȻ췽أҲиŴһʱ˭κ˭
ɱֲ֮ʱԶȻһɱƺƵħѹһ
ɱ㣡¡¡һƥеƣδȵѹ
ǞǣɫһϲԶȺǵԪ£ͷϢû漰ʱ
Ҳ㣡һεĹⲨ৵شһž޴һӽܵĿסǿ͵﹥ת˲ֹһȺ׷ԲԵս䡣
˵ҲˣǵͷĳҼϴлλ
ϻҪ˵ˣҲǵϴôˣĶϵǰ
ǰ޳˵ǵĶʦǶβܡ΢Ҳƴȫ˵һܵؽ
޳һЩ㲥ȻǵʵڼǰȺڵǿģѾ͸ܹӵʱ䣡
лؽⱻҵӦþǴ˵еĻϴ档˿ķҪ֧Ųסˣ⣬Ǹһֹ壬˾͸һ÷󡣡
ãһµͷתͼ뵽սС
һȺƺƵս׻ʮӭǧֵһ죬ӿɽĩսһ㡣
ˣ֧ŲסˣټӰͣ˾տǰâķ󣬻ϲغ˿̣ѾչǰƴĹΡ׳ɢһɲãϢԡ
ģҵССˣŶԼҧŵľɫһԶպǻڵʲô
Ļ䣬ԶպȻһƿ죬һȺƾն֣৵һ³ǰ
ɫһȵң
Ǻǣ壿ͷ֮˺׷ͯգϹһĨмЦ⣺û뵽ķﾹȻҲܹ峤Ѿû䵽ֵز𣿡
ɫ䣬ͬԲмͽҲʸ˵ңǺǣҲս𣡡
㣡һ仰нʹǵȷʵӽѱȥһ֧һֱõĳϣһֱϣҪӮؽҵϡԣͽһΣǵĽɡ
ЦһҲҪ֣ǾݹҽŻˣ
ߣǸʸ𣿡ͻȻЦϵ¶һ飬Ŀⶨϣ۵һ壬ҪһѪǰܣҪֻ֪һ䣡
˵ţϺȻ˸иֳһ˳ư
ͫһݵسȥȵȺȣƹȻǱǵˣ
ⱾǵĶһ˵𺽣վ˶ϰɣ
峤ϼ״ɫһƬҰף߷޳ͽȻ⣡


1369 
ЦȻͽǵȻҪˣͽҧرأһƾͳž˹
峤ߣҼλ˵ǰ˫ֳƣϳһ׵ơ޴ӰһƬγһºΧǽƷĽ⣬ֻһ¾ͱ
˲䱻ƣȻƲδõôλϵĹҲɢ
ЦøӺ񣬾ƺרſǽҹģǻ볢𣿡
󣡡λòѪû뵽һ̣Ȼ˸ﷴ
ɢŽƣɫҲЩءȻûҲŹʧѾõĵ
췽ʦ췽һƲÿƣרѹơ໥ƣάƽ⡣һֱɽ干ͬƹܣǧһֱల¡û뵽ھȻͽˣ
ô죬ȥҲǰ취峤Ƕ֪ϵģ¶Щż
ɫй۲һ½ʵѾǳŲ㾳磬ԼʵĸС磡ƴҲֻǳѣ
췽סȴ˳롣çҲܵçƣֻҪ췽һѹƣ壬ǳΣգ
磬ߣ󣡡϶ҲߵĶæ
£ϣߣ˵Ž췽͵ϿһףȻ췽¡¡һεѹɢһǵصơ
˵ɫһ䣬񾰺ʵ࣬ٴδ߷췽Ѿͬն췽Ÿտʼ͸һɼѹȸС
峤ôȲҪ𣿹ҽͳȫ㣡ؿЦ˼͵ؾٸƣضһƮɢ
ĳ֣ƽڽڱǣһͳ췽һӴ
ȻңңԣĶϢǶʱزģȴһΣյɱ⡣
ۺ졣ֻ˵һ죬췽ƣȻԶعȥصһ¾ײһ
ˣײһ޴ܶ
ײ̫޴󣬽ײ˼ͷһ𣬾һѪ

峤
Զһֱľοһ鿴ͼһĻۿͺˣһس˳
ȥɫһȵԱߣսϼ˼һĻҲŵɫס
ڿɻûȫѣһ
Сã㣡ɹЦ÷ǳаؽ
ɫһ˫ɺ죬ݺݵؽҪǸҸͬھ
û뵽㻹һְмؽͬʱʼҪ˶ס
ɵ߶췽ֱӳ췽£һ¾ͽסವһ·ɵԱߣ뿪̻ȥ
ҲߣۣƴҡͷһߣԶˣô뿪
޲ýⲻŮ˴һ٣ⶼʲôʱˣԵʱ򣬸뿪
˵ʲôߣȭͷİɣҲ뿪ģҪôһҪôһ
˵ţϺȻһź⣬һ£ǹɱصһ¾ͱ˳
ŵɫҰףˣ㲻ҪҿѪ֮ǻ⵽ɵģŪãҷ𣡡
Ҳ£һģôӮĿܣʹע⣬žҪ㲢սģһϧԼҲҪϧһԣ
㡭֪˵ʲôãصصͷֻͬȻû·ߣǾֱǰ
һԳնԹŮȻҾͳȫǣ췽סĽȻЦһ˲췽Ҷһһž޴ϵ
ˣƣϵغңϵؿ췽ҵ𶯲ѡǷĺֱҪ췽飡
ô죿췽ǽܳ£峤ɫأ췽Ѿϳһ¹ʣԲٳڶΣ
׼һ£ӡɡϺȻ
ζһ̾˿ҲֻˡӡһӴҪˣ
ϣǣǵתͷصʵǿȥҡ
峤ʲô˵ˡû·ˡҳƣѾֹֹ⣬벻顣˴ұƽʵϰӿ
ţᷨ󣬽ӡɴͷλȫڿնϹâһƬ
ǷǾȻҪӡѵǵĳŵˣƼһĻʱŭ
ϳŪؽҪˣôʲôȻǲʣǾͱǲ塣һµɣ
ãֹǣﾳķӡһӴվһʰˣ峤Ž峤ǳ
嵱жЩкܶ඼һܵﾳ磬һЩԭӡţ˼ʱ򣬽ȴ˵Լ
˺ã˺ã췽иоı䶯ͻȻЦһϵرܣϵسײҪ췽ҿ
䣡ȫϵע뵽췽Сԣ棬ע뵽췽СӨӨԲ췽Ȼƿƣһʱ֮˭Ҳκ˭
䣡ԶԽԽ˶䶼Ҫʧ顣ʮ統Ѿ׻ϳײƬռ䶼Ť
ꡭ
Ȼһϸ΢Ĵ΢ȴ쳣ǷҪˣҿж
ģϿֹǣɫһظӷͬʱϣϴܹճ
䣡䣡䣡
ʮԪ½ֵĵط˴ҷֳɣһҪһƤƴֹذ
ﾳһ֣Ƭռ䶼ÿҪ顣ĹâԽԽϸԽԽࡣڻϷϵϵرȡԽ
ǿһŷθҿһ棬ɢǿĹâúԶܸоӴ
ǿ¶һĨɵȻڹߣδ֮ǰƴ
ȴһϲѾϳǾ档
̫ˣڰϴǣӦò¡˿
ţҲˡ޳һἪ࣬µģǰЩƣ뿪ʱ򣬻ķûôλǰֶΡ
ǻû̫ãͼȻȥܵһӼСࡣ˶δӦͼǷĽһֻ־ٶȣϵ
̫ˣҲ˾ռһĻͻȻ˵غһ֣ǻʲô壡
˭ҷһҪȥʱкȻһŭĺ羪ը죬Զص


1370 
ŭʯ쾪͸һǿѹ취ס񷡣˻δӦͱһǿУ˺ü
Բۣڣô޲𹥻Լ˶򣡡ˣ췽㱻ˣδҲ̫˵ɣ
ڣСӹȻйϵдĻʱô򾰺Ŀ⣬޲ýǧУ
𣡡شǵһܸǿγֳڿÿһ·ἤһǿϯ˶ᡣ
ǿ󣡡˶ˣõľ۵Ĳ˼顣˺ȻţֻǻعⷵնѣҲҪ£һ壡
仰ͬһǿļһ˲佫ųĶǶͳҪس湥˹ȥ
ߣ֪Сڿзһӣβһ˦һƬǿĺǵصسŵѹȥ
ԲۣߣǼʶϼһı̬ˣվ޳ûܵУ˿̾ʵõҲѹ
ٵˣͬټԱһѾҪ췽Ľ
Ѿ⿪ﾳӡļλϵļ룬ھ£췽ʱһǿ͵ϵسš
ģңоѹ࣬æ溰
ƿ죬һȺ߷ɿس˹
˫һת㳯Ⱥ߳˹ȥսӰȻܵǿһըϵرƬռ䳹ҡ
𣡡ڰУһо۵ףңǲ֪ӿԻٶҲӿ
Ѿ޷ٿٶȣŭصŵˡȺϣҪػĵط⵽˻ԵĴ
¡¡Ȼȫ򿪣ſ޿ڣ͵³һŻ档һ޴һһɼµķ֮һ¾ͽնȾ˺ɫ
ŭģǲһ壡һŭ𣬾Ͳ³ݣ˵ⲻһȻϡ٣սǰһͷһͲͨ
ҶҪҴˣҪԶ֮ϣѾʼãҲҪǿࡣǻʲôٲֿ͵ɣ˾ȵͬʱͳԼĵȳ湥˹ȥ
˼״ҲԥҲ߷߼屦һ빥˹ȥ
УǱֹǣһ߿췽ѹƽһ߰취ǲ֪汾һ壬֪֮ǰƼʱȫ¡
ӦǷʲôʣӵҲ֪޳ôˡתͷ϶չȥ棡
˵ţ͵һ𶯣۵³һھѪ䵽췽С
峤λ峤Ƽżغιʳ췽һǳΣյ飬һŪǶǻ߱סģ
ҡͷʾǲҪң漴ȫŵȥں֮ǰѾþѪι췽ʱ򶼲£ڸ£
췽ͨѪһɢһɹԣ۵һ¾˾ĵﵱС
峤ˣλ׹Ҫʲô£¼ɫףȫܲ˵س
ϧѾˣ˲䱬һҫ۵ĺ⣬һ¾ͽΧס֮ǣһǿƣͬһ㣬һ¾ͱ
ԶҲһĻæ
ƣѾȫ˿ѾһǿסɼΨʶޱȵģ
ҧޱǿϵϵش߶ܵȫ߻
䣡
ƲǣЩӡ׽⿪Ԫ԰Уй嶯Ҫ⿪ӡʱ޳ֹ޳һδξ
ڣ޳ѣرʱˣ
˫ĿᣬȥǳɵӣȻˣ㣡
Ҳֳһǿҵĺ⣬Ǻ⵱УҲڽѹƵױ
ˣˣϽ峤ǣȫɵˣλ󱲣ﶼ𺳲ѡǲ֪ؿռ֮ڱǱλ굽һˣΪֵȥ֪˿϶ֵõĵط
ܣź޳ֵǣѾǿǰǲһûһ˿ս
ϼһǣô꣬ղһֻŵĸоǵʹҲͷˡʲôƴɣ
֪λϺһᣬһǿϴǽȫױ
״Ҳһҧȫƴսӻ𱬣ȫʧȥ˿ơ
е˼ڿбס棬һ˿ͣͻȻžȥһ⣬ֻһ˲û뵽ʶУѹûвʧˡ
ֻʶһůϸܣȴʲô״ûСûȥϸ룬æս
һ֮һԾ뵽İΧȦС϶󷨵Ѿͷֹ
϶һ𣬶æǰȥն˫ֲϵؽӡ̹һȦȦƲϵسɢµĻѹȥ
˵ǣҲȫɹǵŬٶȾȻıѹ˲١
˾峤ȥֹ϶˼һĻʱżغ
˾ռ״ǰͳ϶˹ӴĸɢһȦȦīɫâϿն
СģǸЧҪˡճһǸɫͳ
ߣƾǣȹ赲𣿡˾ؿǣȫǲм
˾գδҲ̫ˡ廹Ȳ˾һ𣿡峤ˬغͬʱ˾չ
˾ЦһͻȻڿն𣬳͵Ƴһˡɢīɫ⻪һݺݵ
ճϼɫһһ˿죺ôͻȻǿôࣿ
ߣȺϼһʱȥˣ˾նȺһͷǣȻҪࡣȻͷ׷ȴȣ˿Ϲһɲ̵Ц⣬·ǰĶһЩһ㡣
үүȻ϶Ѿûյ档
϶Сĵ㡣ճϵͷӦ϶Ѿһ֮ЩԼеתŻȥעƴֹ
˿̻Ѿ֮ǰСһ룬Ҳ֪ˡ
ռѾͷעʧɣ˾ղغͬһʮÿһռ䡣
֮ڣؾ޳ͻȻһ৵ۡһ˿ãһ˿ʹʵʲôõ顣
϶֣ԼĿڣƵʹ֪ΪΡղƺ϶˺Ҫɱ
ܿһ£Լԭķ֮ڣܵѾǳϡһ£һѹڲϵسڵĿռѹ
ô𣿡޳ɫһæͻƣҪϿȥ


1371 Ҫ
һɵƿ֪ȺȫϹۿʢʹ֣ҲǺõģ
ʮ統Уս죻ʮ֮⣬УƼȫŵؿ
䣡淭ڿУ޴βϷڣһһǿ籩ǰĽܳӴѹá
УǿǻڱĥȥҪˣ˿̣Ѿ쵽ԾֻǵҪҳ޳ⱳظ֣ѾĿⶢ˻
˵ĶԣҪӿٶˣֲ֧סˣһԵһλؽͬʱп˼һǽ϶ҪɢĹҪࡣ
һͷͬѡһλ˾ĳϴȫע뵽ڡĵӣλϵ˲䱩ǣҪƽļ
ɫһβͣӴ˹ǿȡͬʱﰵżҲ֪Сӵ׽еˣȥŲס
ԼѾõӣϧͼսСְػֱǰŷԼػʲôԣΣҲҪŵһ̣
ҵһǿѹܶȴһɾ޴γһܶסļλ϶پѹһ֣ڱǾѪ
ץٶȣɫ׷׼ӿ춯
ϣѹʵ̫ǿˣƾǵѹ赲峤ŲϱĻżؽ
϶ɫأҧܷǣң
˵ţ͵ڿգһˮܽһ㣬৵һ°ڿУһ̹⡣λռҳϼ״ȫԼ϶ڴ롣һɲǣ϶ϵ̹Ⱪ
˫ֽһ޴ķģһȦȦŵµĻѹȥ
˾ǵóѣŸ˹õ޴īɫâʵһ㣬৵һ³϶
峤Сģλɫһæ
϶ҧˣƳһƣ˾ӭ˹ȥʢ̹˲ʵʱһײõīɫƥ޴𶯡
˾ͫһ˵¶һЦһռ峤СС;ȻѾа벽ʵʵܿɹ󣬵ǡ
˹ǣ״εؽǿϧˣעҪ
ã峤λͷһһǿΣ˲ϮҪֹѾֻ˾ͻȻӵзȥ͵رһҫ۵ڹ⡣
ǼŨīɫɵڹ⣬ɢһƵ˾յڹİΧУڽȻҪֱͻƵơ
ʵ϶һ⣬æˣ˾ͻȻһڹ⣬һǿ˲佫
ΣȻôǿʵˣڳ˶ˡЩ⿪ӡﾳϹŶҲˣ
ǽ⿪ӡҲ͵ﾳһζѣһﾹȻѵΣ
ԾǼһǿͻƣԶоߵĶһ£͵سǲǵһռ䵱УԪ򣬶絽
һʼԯ壬˾ͽˣйǿͻƵӡѵ
صش췽ϣͬʱһǣطǿͻƣʵ࣬ǵģ
ʲô壬˾鳤Ƕǳ𾪣ǿͻǽɣǲģû˾Ϊ峤Ȼգ
Ƕȥɣ˾ͻȻЦһ϶˹ȥ
峤Сģ
϶޳ٴδбѣܴ϶棡һǳˣҪȥҪȥ
ȫǿϵ緢ʶѲ֪ԼƬռ˶ãֻ֪һֱãã׷Ѱʶһֱͻƣ
ǳòܹͻƣ
ƣѾյĲ࣬˿Ҫģͻƣͻƣȥ
屬һҫ۵Ľ⣬˶С˫ü両ֳصĽɫ磬üĳһҫ۵̫
ʶУҲһһģһĳ磬һȽȽ𣬲ϵسɢ⡣
ৣ޳ˢһ羹Ȼˢһ±ǡ޳ֻоԼ˵һըһ
УֻоʶгֵǡšηǳӴָĳһ·һ৵һΪһȴšŵı̫εۻ
޳оĳһȻһ𶯣δӦ;쵽һҫ۵ǿ⣬˵һǰһʹµľ統е˳
һæվδüı仯æȥ
ϴҲˣǰɽ˸մԱߵķ޳˵غ
ˣҳȥ޳ͷһ߽һȥ
ϴǳȥǰɽں溰Թˣнƣѹȥ
ҲǴ棬淢ʲô鶼ܳȥ
浽׷ʲôҸղŸо϶Ϣ޳һֱУȫ֪ʲô
˷ǣҪѾȥֹˣͷİɡοԼȴҲǳ̤ʵܵ˲ս֪ЩԼڡ
ôһˣǰǳ߱ڲĲ֪ҲΪá涼ҪˣﲻҲżѡ
޳ȻûôúŪһųڣһ߽֪Ķң㣡
˲æǸղŬ̽˴ڹѰ˾Ϣõġ
ǰɽռӦҲ棬϶ҲϤҲ֪ڲڡ
ڵΣ޳ʵжɱӦǳʲô飬Ȼʵ˴Ҳܹ
ɫصؽڵˣΪάֻĵزˣ
¾ˣǱϿȥ޳ɫؽ
䣡˵ţȻһҵûε
޳ϸһܣʱɫ䣬תͳųڳȥ϶Ҹо϶Ϣ棡оǣǶ棡
Ҳ֪֪ڻеģֹҽԼֵ˽ģǾǿԣҪƴһɡ϶
뵽޳͸ӵǸɵѾͷҲһ
ݺݵȭͷζҪϿȥ
ǰɽ˼޳˼ҲһѰũ˿Ǳȫ˻Уȥǣﳹ׸Ҫȥ̸ס
޳ƶ˼£һεϣǳǿһ֮£Ȼȫܺ
ȻǿС׷ˡСοƴڱǣƾǵ޷ƿġԪӳѹĵؽ
Ԫûа취ңһҪȥ޳żؽûˣˣֵܣǿܻܿΪô侲
ڲǰﲻæ⣬һϾ⡣Ԫ齲
޳һ𣬺Ȼоһֵѹ͵سȥ
ӿˣҪ棿


1372 ĳȫ
ϴô죿ٶƺǰӿ࣡ǰɽ۲һܣȥҪ˼ʱǾͻᱻ档
ȱţһа취ġ޳侲侲ؽɷѿǽȻΪǣһнİ취
ˣ뿪ʱ򣬺˵ջͻȻ
ջʲô˼޳ʵ
һԵǰɽҲһĨһš
ҡҡͷҲǺһ仰ˡ
ˣСӣȱųȥӦûܡԪȻҵģϿȥյꡣٶһҪ졣
Ǿǡ޳棬ȥ
ǼҲȥβץʱԪ鷭˸۽ڵֶ֮룬ȻҪǱԼˣԺҪͻ鷳ࡣ
Ԫǲ֪ʲô޳ǻл˼
ĥʲô׼ûԪүʲôʱƭ㣿Ԫһ㲻ԹԵԪҲ֪ⶦʲôģ˶ûá
ϴôǰɽ޳˵ʵ
޳һᣬȽգܲͻƳȥ
󣬼˱ͷĶŻȥ仺Ȼ껹ûꡣ
ĺ¡ԽԽ죬ԽԽأҪơ޳ԭƹˤֱ˹ûȥûͷ֣Ƭסˣ汻ƣҲ޼᲻ݣ
У̫ˣ޳ż룬Ȼ뵽һ취дԪ飺쿪Ԫ󡣡
Ԫһ£ЦСӣ湻ģҶû뵽취ã
Ԫ˵ţͿٲ¡¡УһƮһȦȦ
޳ͷȻƮһͼһһɲã֮˲չԪǿգһƥеƣȻ
һͬһ޴ϵسң赲̼ܵͳ޳ӿͬһ޴©ϵ
ʲôˣطǰɽˣȻоܵ仯æܳ鿴
ȴ޳ҪΣգ
Բۣⶫǰɽʶֵ󷨵ܵԶԶģ׻ʶһµı飬ԶԶأǾͲ˰ɣһ˾Ϳˡ
ԣҰæ˵غǰڵҪյʲôʱ򣬿޳ƣӦϾܺã
ǰɽ΢΢Աδ˵Ҳδֹ֪ʲô
ڻַ츲ر仯ͬʱҲǳš϶˾պݺݻУ͵ɳȥѪ֪վҧǿضССȻصڻ֮ǰ
һߣһӦս峤볤ϣѸΧסã·ʱƮȥ
죬Ҫ֧Ųסˣҿϣλ峤⸱ԽԽ˷ܣþס档
𣡡һһɷŭ벻ʣ氺ͷ׳Ʈڿдݺݵسŵ˦ȥͬʱ͵һϢķ˻һѸͳȥ
飡һײֱӱѿ¶ĴӡһЩΪߣһ͵ӵУ˲䱻ѹط顣
ҲҪ£Ѿǿ֮ĩ峤Ƿŭ񺰣Ѹ͵ع
˴òɿʱֳȻȻֱֱسŻӿȥ
ô£Ʋѣкʲô
һ̽̽ЦˣˣȺ֪Сˣ
˦һرɫƱã񷶼ڿһ㡣
𣡡һҵĺأԪ½ÿһطħޱޣƬԪ޾ĿֻŵС
ô£Ϊʲôôӿ룿˾ʧ롣ǰȻѾǵ֪ˣ
ϷһѰɣȻ͵һ£ſзȥ
ӴڿвŤܵĿŤ׻ͬһһܵȫ£
Ϊ壬ವһ»һ磬ವһע뵽еУɿؽܹһƬ硣
ãֹλ峤ɿ˹ȴڽӽеʱ͵ضסɿȥ
Ǻʲô޴סһͻȻûһλ˻ȥ
峤λ峤ϼ״ɱȡ
Ҫ顭顭λ峤˵꣬ͱ͵һ˲û뵽еУ߶ûһͱɵĸɸɾ
峤λɫҰףӣȴ˭ǰ
λ峤Ҳɫأ໥һۣæȥôҲ뵽ղȻ֮һѣȻ֮ǲҪȫʱڣõʲô̶ȣ
Ѿɢһʶſк޳ͽˣţ
䣡ĺо޴һ㣬Żȥ
ϴ󣿡һϲæˡ˼ϴӦû²Ŷԣ
һԵ϶͵޳֣Ҳһ¡ھʾ£˵壬ɿȥ
ã̫ǿˣ˾ռƼзԭҪ½أδ˾Ͳ㱻飬æȥ
ɢž޴ɨһųβͣ۵һû뵽С
޳ȻоһǿδӦ鲻Խһû뵽ĵﵱС
ԲۣôǿԪۣæԪôӴҲ°СӸűˣ̫ˣ
ϴôԶǰɽ˿޳һŰ׹УżʵǺߵʵ̫ǿˣѾûа취
ڣۿЩ죬ղڵĻҲˣЩᡣһҲûˣ
ǰ޳Ҳǳ𶯣Ѿ̺ܵӴⶼԼ
ģһṼУ޳ӿһӴһִδйȫ¶־Ȼ
䣡ںƳһϵܵظѸԴԴϵӿ룬϶һƬ޴Уܿӿ˲Ľӽ
ѾԶԶֽܿŵضǰ췽ӳһƼ⸱龰ҧҧˡ
˾ռвʵؿǰĻԱ߲ȥʱָǰȻǿڱԽԽСˣ
ԣǿǶǴ˵еΪͺܴĳϣʵ
˵е˶ǰͣߣճɫصؿǰĻͷ
϶ߵߣʵ֮ǰԪУǲջһŻˣ
ɫһæͷûϴϡ
ȷʵǶ𣿡ճϺȻص̾˿˵Ҫˣ


1373 г
ճϵĻþԻʵĴ˵ΪγǶ˵
ճ̾Ϣһһ֪Ҳпԭԭ鵱ȱһֱöֻ޻̸֮ѣδ档ֻǲ֪ΪΣЩֿʼ⴫˵
δ˵꣬ǰʹһڶԻй
վǰͲסˣճתͷǰЩΧˡ£ž˵Ǿ￴Űɣ޳ʱΣա϶
϶ǰ˾մˣ˿ϢǳȣøϿƲǣ
үүû¡ǿȥȥ١ү϶ؽʹˣйĻ޳ôΧż
ȱղ̾ϴŪġİɣӦû¡æǰס϶һһԣͳһѵҩǰϴҵĵҩһЩԼƵҩȷһЩ취
š϶ӹҩûϻȥȻȵϢܵ˱ĻҪأŵϢһһͷ󺹣ɫҰףȥʹ಻
ô죿϶̫ˡ̽һ£ڸ϶ˣҲ࣬˿ڼʧ
Ȱ峤סռҳǹһ϶ˡԱϼҵĸԷΧ£еİƣеĲ÷Էֹͻ
أԶײԽԽ죬µļ峤ȫ󣬲ϵس
ϴȺϼһﾢͷ󰡣ǰɽ˱ڻУʲôˣھֻܳ洫ײ
׼޳Ȼҽ
ǰɽ׻ʱһ𣬽ս׼
޳ζƣĽ財Ԫ󱻳״򿪣ܵڷӿһֽ뵽ڣһֱԪա
ӿ룬ϵƲǿɳ¡¡Ǿ֮ϰľһϣҪһɳļ
޳Ҫͻ˰ɣʿˮۿ޳޳һֱھôڤ״̬ûͻƹȷʵе㲻ٶȣ˿Ѿͻ˺ü˰ɣ
˵ǰɽҲ˿ڿˮһĽʺ޵ӡȻҲͻƣҲֻǵǳĲѣ޳ȫܱȡԽԽͻƣŶ̶ѣ޳ȻҪͻˣҿƣС
ֻǣ޳ڵһȥϸһ˸ܣѾû˶
ôһ£¼˵ǵˣǳʲôʰɣ
֪ˣղӦڵһżҽղȫ뵽޳ڣǿɶǿˣ
һǰɽ˿ԼҲ֪Լڽʲô
Ҫȥˡ׻ʺȻָ޳
ڼ˵У޳ڿաһɶߵĵطͣסڿգЩҲڿգ籩ܽøӻ
뿪һæ˵޲Զĵطǰɽ׻Ҳ˳ȥվԶµؿ޳
ֻԭվĵط̼ͱ籩ʳƬʲôڣնҪ飡
ʵ̫ˣǰɽʿˮԺй󷨵ѶϢ಼һ£ǲ֪⵽ʲô󷨡
ԼҪ޳һӼڿգڿзɿתתܵظӿͬһͷһ㣬תһɼķ̵سȥ
ĳ档µĽϷڹԣҪ赲
޳˫һ߶ע뵽ܵеСֻһиһһּٶȷɿתע뵽޳ϣγһһ޳תתһ֧ޱǿĳתѸת
ˣһ޳˫ȭݺݳŽ¡
أأأ޴ײһѹȥֻʣΨһ
˵УֻԭһƬĿռ䣬ȻһֻȥȭͷһֻֻȭͷּӲصس
ֻһɲǣָֻҵľ棬ȴһǿ籩صһ³һصһ³档
ϴϴ󣡡˷ܵغԱߵҲǳˣ޳û£ڳˣ
һ˵϶޳ƽͷһɣҲ֧Ųס³һѪͻ˳ȥ
峤
϶˵ȥæ߶оΡ
ڳˣǰɽ޳ܳӳһ˺ü˷ܵؼֱҪһ̣Ƽǰ类һˮм䡣
Բۣ̻治С˵òôҵػӭǰʵ
壿û뵽ﻹһλ峤˷ܵ۾
үүģʲô񣿡۵ؽһ޳߳ȥǰɽ׻Ҳȥ
Ǹ޳λ峤ƼǴĵĿ˳һ޳ȥ
ϵãǰɽ˼״æܿ
޳䣬һɢһҫ۵Ľ৵һ³ͬʱϵĹӷתγһɾ޴
ģӣλ峤ȻֲԾæͷܡ
ߣ޳˫һߺȻˣɣ˵ţ͵ǰȥǧʩչѸײڶ֮ƣһ¾ͳ׷˹ȥ
յСӣλ峤æͳһ³޳ȥɫĺâһӾγһ޴ϣͼҪֹ޳
Ҳֻһ˲Ͼͱ޴籩飬޳һħһ˹ȥܵòؼλһܲͱ׷ϡ
ĲҽŸճ֣ͱת˲֮䣬λϾʧʱ䡣
ǡÿֲڳ˶˿޳һĨɵʵֲ̫ˣ
иղҲҪţֻҪܿоͳɣ˾ߺ޳У͸һرŨԹ˲֪ģΪ֮ʲôһ
˾յĻһǿļԭҪӵ˶£
ߣñ޳֮ͽѡλҳϲмغ
˴𣿲Ҫ˵򲻹Ǵ򲻹
㲻Ҫҽ׻ʺȻҪҽⱿڵǲ߲ŶˣԷжˣóԿˣ
ʲôһ첻µزµӣʵǺ֪ǸƢڵ˶˵е磬ɱЩӦô࣡
һ˲Цˡֻ޳ϵȻɢԭӴ籩ҲСࡣȻʧˣ
̵ģԪүˣû뵽ôʣյҲûˣԪ鴭Ŵ鿴һԪǱһˣ㶼ɾˡ
޳ЦãүүˡȻҲָٿȽȺߣڵãȫΧ£͹˹
Բۣô£ȺС˸ǴðģԪһע⣬ǰͳôˣ۴
ãҪͣ޳󺰣ͬʱССë򼸸ȫ˳Ǿ֮ܿԼˣ
ֻǣղŻæ֮УǲԴˣ


1374 𸴳
һռ̼䱻һźɫͬʬһ㣬һãȳζϯ
Բۣϴӳʲôôôǰɽűӣʹغ
ֻǰ汻һźΧʵʵģ治֪ʲô˳Գˣڴá
޳һ£ȻЦ콫Ǽһˡ
޳ʲôϿջȥҲűӣһܲ˵ӡػɣ޳ôôĶѵҪѬˣҲ̫Цˣ
ô룬ԱߺȻƺһЩΪ΢һЩߣȻһĸѬ˹ȥ
ǰɣǰɽɴۣؿźϴʲôʱֳʬֶһֻ
Ļ䣬źкȻһ֫嶶йͷĦ󣬴һίġˬֹų
ǰɽһ£Щ찡
һ˲ǺȻѸٵԱɢȥ꣬޳Χ籩һƮɢӰ١
ǡ𣿡ɴۣŵؿǰֵһӡ
תͷֻ͵۾ĿϣȻȻһ飬ûȥ
һôôǿˣǰɽҲһ⡣ֻļǣڻ˺ܶ뵽Уû뵽ھȻˣ
޳ҲЩ⣬ǸˡӣӦͻˡֻǲ֪Ǵľϲ
ֻǾܣԶ˿ֻͻȻֵľܣʱ۾ٿԱŤ֫ؿǵɫֲ
ֲ˵۾øԱһ
񣿡
Ǹһʲô
ʲôСϵĶòûһǼ򵥵ģжʱһͷʹΪҵӼ˸ֱǰô༫Ʒħ裬ҲͲס
űãܽӲתؿǰһȺˣصȴ޳
˿̣޳ϵͼȻתܵȻϵسӿǰֱС׼ס󣬻ʧȥ֧ţظӿ٣ôһᣬͱزһɷԲˣ
λ峤ѽӣæŻж͸һǿʢĹ⡣
֪Ǳ˵ʲôȻ޳ϴǻһŻˣ
ʲô޳һѾ˼ɿسŻ˹ȥ
ͬʱ峤Ҳ˹ȥҪˣ
ǿĻˣ˶޳ףΪλ˵ջ˭Ļ뵽ȻһŻˣ
סǣ޳ȵͬʱСǼסǵˣ
ǣɿغһһǰĴͣɿǰһ৵һ¾ͳڼλ峤ǰޱؿǣֱۡ
ͬʱСǳ嵽ߣչ֫ŭ৵һ±Сɱë򣬆һ³ž˹ȥŴǰɽ
㿴һֻ۾ϵ¶һ飬̾˼
ԱǰɽҲһЦݵؿž̾ӣ峤֮λ˰ɣ
Ц£ǻЩϴǱ߶ˡ
ǰɽֻۣӴļһ￴ûֻоܣڣĸǸǾ͸ǡףλ˭ôˣ
˵ţȻԱ߽Ƶ϶üʵǡ
Цݣͷչϴ󻹲֪ɣ
ϴղѾӦչϢֻǻ֪ˡ޳ǻ̵ӣҪ֪϶ˣ֪ʲô顣
䣡ǰһȻڿһһţһź۵ð˳
Բۣǰɽ˸ôԶܸܵϢĳζ
ãʬо綾׵ļλ峤ٱס߶赲
кֹâ˸ںУͬһ޴ȾһɽڶСһ
λɫ죬Կһۣ˾ͽմͷ󣬴߶žȥ
ɱкȻһĨ˷ܵĹâһʧԭأֻһɱ֣һġ
ףȥˣ˾վŵԭأǶٶδҲ̫һ㣬ֻһ¾ʧȥӰæһ̽ȴͻȻšüͷ
ȻȫоֻܵĴڣ
ãǿ棡ȻָŸ߿պ
Ȼ̧ͷȥȻƼһ޴磬¡¡ͬһֱ£
ôͻȻ׽ģ
˴󾪲ѣɻؽ׿ЩԾ̵ģƹص׽ٰ
λ峤ɫһڣʶؾҪӣѾһһܶ˸ף
˷ŭغ̵ģﾳ׽٣ĸɱĸɵģ
ﾳԶľɫЩ΢޳ݳķ籩ˣӦòôǡ
ɫ䲻ãͬħ裬̵ģ㾹ȻôˣҲô꣬ҲͻƵﾳ
¡¡ͬСɽһ׳һƬնУ¼λ峤ǣǱõ赲λѾͻƵﾳĻһЩ׽ٻ˲ǡλǳľûôˣ⽹ֱۣ
޳ڹ۲챻Ļ쵽ԱߵĶǡԪ˵û治ٴγغпܻᵽﾳ硣û뵽һﻹͦȻﵽˣ
¡¡Աߵ׵ԽԽ˫һƬ谵Сû׵統Уһ߳׽٣һ
ģϷƴˣ˾ռ˺ܹ裬÷Ѿﾳε˿ȫɢȥӭ׻
̼䣬׽ٵӴ׻ϸӴһӱ÷ŭ֮
˾㣡Աһλĳһ죬ͱһǿ׵У
ģλ״׷峤˾ţẦңǿûﾳεʵ
˾յۣŭغҪǼһ˭ң
˼ѹȰֻܰҧ赲˿ٷģǶҪ׸ˣ
ܣҿҪô˾һЦڿնȫһųܱ
¡¡׵ܵƣӿ֮ܽͼæͻܵǿˡҲܱ׽٣ǶҪһ׽٣
ͷ׵磬һ£ȴ˷Ȼӭ׵ȥ
¡¡޴˲ͽûУ׹˸ڵĺȫ˳
͸Գŵһִã˸׹У˸³һ֣ˬ
ˬ
˾ֱҪѪˣ񿴹һ㿴ôǿ׶
ģ޳ûŷĵŻ˹ȥ
˿̻ѾֻǰС˸ҫ۵ĹâңԶ͸оĳ
Сӣˣ֣ԪȻѵ
ã޳һæǰȥǰʱ򣬴Ӳ֮ϣȻ׳ֱۣ볯ŻץһֻȻ˺ɫĳë


1375 
ˡԪɫһ޳ҪСˣЩһʲôʵ֪ȲҪͻ
áڱصã޳иĶ䵽ϣ
СӣԼġҲö֮㣬ȻǷҪ鷳ԪԼûŪԼ˭֮ǰܱ¶
䣡һֱֻۣĿһ£ȫŵµıĻ
޳һ৵һע뵽ܵ籩Сһ̣籩ѸγһɷǳǿѾֻͷǰĻһӾͱ߷£
ˣǼֱֻۼ״ڿѸһܵͻȻתǻֱǱ߳ȥ
أֱֻͻȻ໥ˡ
޳ԭҪȥĶסվԶؿǣͬʱд߶ע뵽С
˭ֻëֱۺȻһֿ͵سŻץȥƲסˣͱԱͻȻƸ䡣
ߣﾹȻҲȾָˣֱΣֱֻѸٵؽסˣûȣͱһֱֻ۽غһѸ˹ȥ
޳ؿǺǹЦЩֱ뵱ĵǼֻһֻĿûѡ
ÿ泤޳һĨɫжһ˿ŭд߶ӿ߶Ԫ
䣡Ķͷð⣬˲佫ûСһ˲ϱһǿ֮ǰյȫע뵽С
衪޴ķϴܶס˲ɫʧᣬһж
Ǽֻһ٣ȳʲô󷨣ôǿ󣿡
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¡¡һͼƮͷ֮ǰࡣãϢһǿܵսɡ
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ôһ룬Ǿͷɿس޳˹ȥٶȿ˲
ϴ󣡡˶һҪȥ
һߣ⼸˱ûˣһ̧ͷͿһĻ¼Ҫͣˣ˸ȥͼ˴۾һĻǾȻǼֱֻۺȻһƺߣѸٱ籩ɢһ뵽޳ͼС
Ⱥһ˷ˣЦֱֹơ
ֻĿܣϷˣλ峤һĻǴ˿̱׽赲ţҪþȫŲڱȫûȥ˼
޳ƽؽܸɿسǰȥһץһֻȭͷСĻץСϸһ£ȻϤϢ
ȷʵǻˣû뵽Ȼеڶš޳
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ɱһֱ֣˿Ҳ׵òѣѾûȥȺͼһ
׽֮⣬СǷɢ֦ɽһ㣬֦ҶסܡֻҪҪͶ֦ŭź
ģȺ˵Ϸˣ峤࣬Ҫ񣬵ȴȫѹƣؾҪѪˣ
׽Ҫˣټһ£λϷŭغͬʱʼͳҪûüͼ޳ɷһ˹
ģȳһƼ޳ǹƣǰڼɫһףתͷܣ
ûõļһȻôˣһæǰȥ
Ҫ׷ˡ޳ֹתż˽ʰһ£Ȼȥ
ƲƲ죬Щʵصǰת˻һͺϴ϶ˣ
ʲô޳ԭ˵˲䣬ʵ
ϴ϶Ǻܺã
ǰ޳ģ˿̼˷ɿش˱ЦҪˣһˣ֪޳᲻һŭΪա
϶жûˣû뵽ط꾹Ȼ޳Щ΢΢ضؽӹ϶
϶һСؿ
үү϶ŬۣƱһô޷ǵᶼ˳
޳Ȼ϶۽ǻᣬһʹҪżҾһûµģͻȥˡ
˵ţн֮ǰõǿŻ˵⣬һע뵽ڣž鿴һԱʧһ
϶һתÿЩɰǡѪȴЦرɵ
ֵܡ޳ǰһȭĵЦ
ϴû¾ͺãҲӯδһϢûУǶżزˡ뾰ȡϵ͸æ˸˹
һԣ˵Ҳؿ޳
㡭ͻˣģתת׷ԲԵһһ˹ȥ
޳һЦȺɰԶô𵱳ǳʶʱǶԼİоǸм˵ûЩ˵εε޳ߵ죡
ллǣ޳ĵظл
Ҫô˵ǡǡǼز֪Ҫ˵ʲôãزҿ޳Ǹ۵Ѿ٣վǰһ߷緶ǿߣѾĪ
Ǽ򵥵˼䣬й϶ƣ޳϶ҵطΪˡתͱռҳ
ȥɣ϶Ѿǵ峤ճϽһ룬ȻЩ˼ͣ¡ǰ޳ٰޣв˿Ҫ뵽ڣһʱЩ²
޳ͷһۻеŮˣСɵӶǳ˺ܹܶ࣬ﵽ־ɣȻ̧ͷճһۣвδɫȴճϲɵöһ¡
СһȥɣҲʥҩ϶кôճصؽ
鷢չزҲûõİ취ΨһԸǵ峤ܹƽĶǸơ
޳ûоܾ϶ȥ塣·ϵʱȺϼһٶֱ̫֮ʩչǧ٣˲ʧԭء
ճϼ㶵ؿ޳ʧķòŻع񣬶ȫأЦˡ
Ӣ۳갡ǶˣˣλԵظ̾޳չֳķ緶Ѳܹ󼰵ˣŵᣬ͸һЦһֻң϶δΪǵֹȻһôǱǿĵˣһеܵˡ
߰ɣҲȻȥһܵתͷϸ鿴һ£ǰǿнⲢδɷǳص˺£Ժ֪ǻȥҴȥ㣬ɺã
죬ȻЩ⣬ǹԹԵصͷתˡ
Ϻǣôٯٯ˰ǰɽЦǰҼǵǰˮݰ
һۣҲ֪ǰ
ǰɽЦôԹһǱˣֲǲ꣬ˡ
Ǻǣû뵽㾹Ȼôʱ򣿡Ц
ȥģߣȥǰɽЦŽ˸űĹâ


1376 ɨս
ã嫣´ҹŵر֮磬ȻҪɾ࣬ҲҪŨࡣ
޳϶ŵصУһһ߸϶Ϣ
Щ㶼𣿡ͷеŮˣᡣ
ʲôˣеϣö֮ĽΧŵؿ޳
淢״Ƕ֪ġĲѣϹ˿Ƽİˣ¾ȫ䱸
ǿе˭ۼ⣬ָ޳н
峤峤ôˣһ޳еʱŵɫҰףܲ˵ؾҪſǵ峤
񣡡󷽺ȻһȣճϼһͿһĻŵɫҰףɸæֹ޳϶ˣ㲻ٺãҪǱŭͷۣȻڴɱ䣬˴пܣ
ϣ峤
֪ˣ峤˵ˣλӢҪǸԻؼȥɣõġ峤ϴ»СС»˵ؽ
ô˵ŷһЩʱֲĵؿ޳һۣĿƣ׼֮࣬ŷĵ뿪
ճ϶޳ͬʱķȥ
޳϶һ׷ȥٶҪճϼ˿࣬һ͵ǰ档ǰһν£Ӧþصأ޳ֱ̧˽ȥ
Ҫճϼˣǵֹæȥ
ճϼ˸ȥ޳뵽ңȥȡҩ
˵ű뿪ԭأһλϼæǰΪǴ·ڵɣܶܵ󷨣δѾܹоһɷǳǿ
еĻÿбչʱŻῪĳΪ޳ͣǰ뽫峤ںϡᡭ
а취ǰǷİɡ޳Ȼͬʱָǰỹ볤ΪҲЩ󡣡
һ£δԡȻжλڿЩʶǳڵ֮Ҳҽ
УһֱΪ޳֮ôΪ󴫳е
֪ͱԪˣһζû޳õ޳ЩƣԪǼһҲ̫ˣȻؾ͸˸⡣
Сӣڰ˵һǲǣΪҲ֪ԪȻؽǰôΣ㱾Ҫűˣﻹյôࡣƴ㾹ȻԹң
ˣû㡣޳Цãһÿһͻ˵ͣΪ֪
Щ˵ȷʵءԪ鲻ͬûп鲻Ҫס˵õˣҲһᴫԪصҲտչַɡ
Сѣ뽫ö鵤϶¡峤Ѿȡ˵ҩСؽһµϻӵݸ޳
⻹鵤˶һöƷҩרֹܹѪӯܹϢܹ֮˲ظѪһʱ֮ڣ˵Ѫϻظ˳֮ϡԴս˵˵Ǿҩ
޳ӹϻӣڴյӵţüͷһ壬ڳǾֵУȻԼУûһ£ȥ
⡭һĨڣûιȥֻһ˰ҵ죡
ôҪˣǰۣͼ޳ͳǬ˼ҪĿУһһѵҩõĻģƷʣоС
޳˫޳֣ڵҩؼ˼һűɫĵҩüͷýģؽɻ㿴ĹȥȽһ°ɡ
ͣ㿴ĹȥҪȥ֪ŵʲôǿǱԭǿʥƷԣֱʥƷʥƷҪ˵ˣǸ˶ܹȻ꾹ȻһǶҪˣ
޳Ȼûȥʲô̵Ļԭ϶УעһУ̧ͷż˽Ҫʼ϶ˣ鷳λ
úúãҷˣǻλҹﰡŶ˵ͬʱ۾ȴڶ޳ǰδĵҩ󣬵δۻ軨Ǵ̯ŵĵҩУмƷʮţ
壬ָƷ׵ĵҩҲòô࣬޳Ȼ㼷ôһӣǺ޲ֱȥˣ
Ůֻʣôһͷ
޳Ѿ׼Ĳ࣬㿪ʼרİ϶۾ע뵽ﵱСǱһɫ࣬ע룬ʼ
үҪ϶˿ͬڲܣʶǷǳѵģżؽ
ȱ˵ûµġ޳ЦŽδֹͣӿ
ȫע뵽ﵱУذסǿɫĻģ϶޷˵ؽŻĸüͷҲĻסеĸмܹġ
㣬ǿûҲܹԱ϶һı֮Դģܹǿ
ʱ򻹸ˣ޳˾ԽĻ϶ȫػţʲôҪ
϶żȴʲôˡֻܱؽܡ
ԹԵģҪֿ޳쵽ĵĿܣѵվԺ·ӼգҪԼǿ֪𣿡
϶ͷһŲپܾү˵ĶԣҪǿ㹻
޳ٷ˿ӿٶȡȥ󻺻ע뵽ڡ
λԭ΢е۾ವһŴȫضǿɫ࣡ǻģı־϶ı֮Դ
ããλ峤һֱԻĵʧڻû뵽޳Ȼ϶һʱ䶼ԲҿǰΡ
޳Ȼ֪ǲܶе뷨ȫСŻĵ뿪޳оںʲôҪĶණҲ֮뿪һûã϶Ǹܵ״ֳһɫĹâע뵽ڡ
޳پڴһů⣬¶һǳǳЦУûоܾǹɫ϶ı֮Դһע뵽ڣֻϵ
ãĳҲ쵽һĻҲ𶯲ѣû뵽һСŮȻܹͨǿ޳ȻҲԼı֮Դֳһע뵽϶ڣ
¡¡֮ڣȻһ춯һλɫһ󶼾Ŵͣŵؿǰꡣ
鷳λѹơ޳λϷ̲סѡ
λ׹޳֮ǰΪλ˵пܻЩ󡱣뵽һᷢ飬ȫˡ
СҲ̫ˣֹǶ󣬼ֱҪ˺˸æ߶ɿش߶ܵĻ󣬽Ϣ
޳һ飬εؽ鷳λϣѹǷ󰡣
ҪˣƲס˺
λһ㶣ٴδֱͣ޳ͻȻϢѣһһƴѹ
˵СӣǲǹģǷǵðͷǵĹͷ˰
ǣСӣ̫ˣǲֹһ£Ҫǣ
޳Цλن£һ
Сŵ㣡λϼæ


1377 ֮
峤ǾԼⱲӶûֱ̬ԣǱ̬̬Ըӣ
Ǽ콫ƴŽ޳ڱƸѹסǶػһǳʲôģھȻôǿ
Сӣ峤ͽˣϷȳˡճһѵӣһϢƽ϶һ߽һҲƵܡ
ϷҲˡλ峤Ҳߣ·͹׷һ㡣
޳ЦؿǱıӰȷʵȺͷǸڻˡû»ָˡ
֮²鿴һ϶ϢȻѾȶ࣬˿ȴδתѡ
ˣŮҪѹкһӡԪȻ
ô˵޳æʵвЩ
Ԫ֪żҲӣֱӵᴿŶûôҲûв壬ǰڸлԪҲ׽⣬ôǱסˡҺ⻯ܹд߻֮Ůԭǿϻָġ
ص㡣޳ҽ
⺢ӣôôûģԪ΢΢һСӵĲʵЩջؽͻ⻯ôá
Ȼأ޳ʣүôÿλֻ˵һ롣
Ԫһ̯û˰Ǳûˡ
޳ЦԪү鷳֪ƽ⣿
Ԫˬغһ⻯֮ʱҲѾϣŮ޵ȴ㻹ҪһЩһʱ֮仹ӦҪȵĳ̶ȣŻѡ
޳ɫһԼſǺģħǾﾳֶһȵù϶Ҫﵽ̶ֳȣǵҪʱ䣡
еĵǣԪٺЦŽɵӣһֱűȴá
޳һϲæʵʲô
Ԫ³ĸ֣ġ
ģ
޳ͷһǿ콫ⶫˡһӣܹռ䣬ǡ
ѵбã޳ʵԣǾû
ⶴǴкܴġⶴרȻγɵȻһ֣ᷢʶĶģ۵ӳԣ
˼ǡöе޳ϲʵ
û֮ǰвҲܵˣĸҪŨࡣҲֻǱɽһǶѣһⶴĸľϲȫ޷ġھ൱һŨǰС磬𣿡ԪԽ˵ԽⶴĻһԣչ̶ȫȡߵˮƽ޳
СӰһҪúüֻͣҪ㹻ǿ󣬾һԪкѣԪصؽ
һԪ޳𶯲ѣδԪ飬ǰǲ룬޷Ժ󡪡
һй滮һͼǰ·ǰƺһӿ࣬УҪԽԽ࣬оһʹУȻ񻹲ǺȷģؾãһǳҪȥ
ⶴҪӴʵֻһ㡣ԪдһЩȥðɡԪ˵ŽԪ򿪣һӴһ±
޳æͳǿȭͷСĶģȥ৵һ£â˸޳δӦǶľȻһ¾ʹз˳ȥ
ңһͯͻȻڰҵС
޳ɴۣؿǰԼǰɵúߺ͵ڷСʯͷʵ˵
Ȼ˵Ĳ˵ؽ۵ͯͬһһ
Ԫ飬ǻ˵𣿡Щܡħ޿ڽҪ˾ȡ
ǡ⣿ԪҲЩ㲻ⶴʶûҪﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣƺɣ
͵һõţܽɣ
࣡ΰĶ֮Ĳˬغ
̵ģ㾹ȻܹңֵԪ龪ˣղ޳ɶͨ߽߶ܷ֣û뵽һ¾ͱԪʯͷˣ
ڿз˼£һмߣµļһүү㳳ö䶼Ҫˣ
̵ģԪëҪըˣôһֱһʶ˵ʯͷһ
̵ģҲѧԪغһ
㡪
Ԫ飬̻ˡ޳ЦõؽⶴĵԻһϲѧˣҪǽ̻ˣԺٳһġͷۡ
ʲôҶˣҳԵġ޳ϣ۵εӡ
޳̽Եһע룬ֻâһһȦ
޳پ棬ֽעȥ
࡭࡭ķˮһش˸ãȡ
޳ԪȤؿ಻⡣
˺һᣬԪȻغ֪ˣ˵յôʧô졣Ǳһ͵͵ˣҵԪôò޺ã
ߣСһһ߲ˬһ
޳ЦãЩʲôһһܳԣ
ιʲô֮˵˵㵽ʲôԪĳԵòˣʵĵȱô࣬һһӳôץˣҿôޡ
㲻ҪŻңҲġ˵ͣСع۲һܣСҸǣǿɲܽˣȻһڵģҿΰĶ֮
ǺǣΪŹ˵İɣԪһ¾ͽҴС˼
පƺЩȥ֪壬ԼľȻЦңѵͲҪ𣿱ֻȽѣһҳǾȫֻһп
޳ĻÿЦãⶼǴѧģҲ֪Ԫദʱһﶼ߶ʲô
룬ʵܳ𣿡
Ȼ
볤𣿡޳ʵ
Ȼ˭һֱСƨĲˬؽֻҪˣͿɷ裬Ųü¡
޳룬ǺãҰ㳤ҵĳΣ
ߣñĳġι߰ҡҴӦľǸûǶİˣò׼һ޳󷽵ģôҲܷŹ
һʯͷǩԼȻЩ죬ڻɹŤŤǩɹ󣬱һͷ뵽޳ﵱУʼ޼ɵ
ģҵģԪзһŭ𣬶ıԪŭ˳ԻľޱǿģҲգһַ˽ȥ
СӣܺĳԪŭغ
ˣܺ޵ģıŭ
޳Լûͬʱһ߹۲춴ĵֳ̬һЩס򿪡
ߣȻֲԶűסСһֻܾŻĿռֻһ޳϶棬ϸٺãŷĵس˼
ˣ㻹ûиóԵģҪ쳤󣬳˾ܰöö飡ķɵ޳ǰèһҽ
ԪЦһɣСǿŻˡ
޵ĲҪҽı˼ɤӺ
޳ǳ֣վȥֱǡҪæȥʰЩңûո˷ϻ


1378 ҷ
ϴˣ
޳ȥʱΧ˺ôȺˣȫ˵ӭ
ϴɳˣ涼ˡٲҪȥˡǰɽЦ˵
޳һŸоôһᣬȻѾˡ̧ͷǶһ飬ףֻоǰɽʶġ
ΪܵЩǽĳǡ⼸λϼҵĳϺ峤
޳һһʶһ£ʵ
߱˵һ˫ʧء˺Щ߽ߣǼҲûõô塢λ峤Ҳʧ˺üλ̫ϳϣа벽ﾳĸ֣˵ʧء
ϧľǣҵͽˣ޺޵ؽ
ͽ˵Ǹң޳֮ǰѾɹǸ֮ǰԳңɶϵ
ûǡԺ˵֮ηƲˣ˾ΪףҪΧ⼸Ѿץ˺Щǰ̽ļϸ˵ɫЩ
֮ǰȫûˣ˿ɵ˺ǻȻ޳ˣϾﾳ
׼һ£ȥǡ޳Ȼ
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Ƕ޳˽⣬һ⸱ӣ֪϶ʲôˡÿ޳ʮӣԷܿͻꡣ
޳ûҪôֻ̧ǰߡ󣬼λ峤໥һۣ󶼲Լͬضһ£һµӡ
үүôˣں棬ƳƼǵӣֵʵ
ճϺȻ֣ߵһСʵϼѾͷǶ޳죿
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ֻ峤ȫĬһ仰
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˵Ŀɵ棿ȵʵ
޳ͷһ档
˿̵ʵֻǳ㰡ϸ鿴һ£ȷʵֻиоʵֻǳ۷ѣȻƷǳǿʢʵ޳˵Ҫδﵽ
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ϴ᲻̫ðˣһʱǾȻǿɾ͡ǰɽǵʵ
޷򲻵ʱ֮ǼƲԣмǲçײֱӻϡ޳ʮؽĵǰõģ
⡭ðɣûǰɽ˵ˣֻЭ
Щǣתͷ򾰺峤˼أ
Ҳɫѡ֧޳ϴ󡣡
Ҳûǰɣεؿռҳһۣ̾Ҳֻˡ
ѾվһϣһֻһжԭȼԺΪļλǻ뷴ԣȴ뾰ѹȻᷴԡ
뵽˽ŵıս׶Σ޳ʵ϶Ŀ˾ҵ峤
ͷ˵顣˾ƺЩԾ
Ŷ˵ﾳ㣿޳ʵ
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޳ͷпܡҲδĨɱ꣬ˡӵ˳Ի֮ͨĿܣпܻᱻҡ
һ˵֮ǰ˾ձչ֮ʱƺһЩ⣬д߻ħˡȻȥδ߻ħļ󣬵Ϊȷʵǰг롣ԼѲ鵽Ϣ˳
ûо뵱һЩ˺񣿡޳иֳЩʵͻȻǵ˵Ӱ
ûҲڻɡ˴ȥһҪġ˾ͽֱ˽磡Ǿǵ顣
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룬žһ֣ȥЩϴռǧݣȥ˾֮ǰҪһЩҩ
ģ۾˵ˣøǽһЩ
޳ЦؿУΪƵġ˭١
޳ҪƵҩûʶ޳ˬֱʵǱ峤ֵؾٶо˲ԾΧ޳ķ⣬ŵصȴš
˵ϼҵģʲôôԼȥճɫһ壬߷ߵʵ
Ƥͷڲͬôѵ廹ٿزɣ
ճϵĶڵѪٵĲǵأⰡ
޳Ǭʱ򣬼λһٶͷȫˣ涼˲ãһϡ
޳һᣬǬͱˡһȺ׷ԲԵͷǣƵģǬҴܣЩûģںŭ׷
վһԣʵĩ²췽ȥͻᱻȳࡣü޳ϴ˵Ҳзݵġ
޳޹صͷӻͳǬû˵ͱһľǰɽһߡ
ǵģһ¼ҹˣҪôʲôŭ׷
㲻һҪôʲôǰɽһһߴǬƿһ㣬ʱһŨζƮɢһ⣬æϣˡ


1379 ˾
ʲôֲǾһһĿⶢ֮ˣ
ǰɽؿűһȺͷߵĵҩñӶˣתͷȥ޳˵ûϴ㲻ܺ˱ˣҲֵܣҲҪİ
޳һӦţþ㼸ţ
ţǰɽۣһ᣺ţǶһ
֪ɣһ˾ֵܷżƷҩôˣƽÿһŶֲתͷŲӺ
ǰɽ䡣
ҩĵ죬޳׼ϣʼ˾塣ʱ˾Ѿ񣬽塢塢涼Χ˸סû̽޳ֻȫΧ
˾޳ȻɱԼҴӪʱ򣬱Ӷˣ飬ƺƵɱ˻ȥ
޳óˣ˾һص˾֮⣬ͼڿ޳³ݵغ
޳Ŀ⵭شɨü۲ȴмȻ¶һ˿мŲţɱһεڶΣɱΡ
һµƣ˾ŭĿԲɣʧȥǵس
޳мؿһۣһ︽˵һһǿľȴһ㶼ûߣǳü
޳ΪԴ󸶳۵ģ˾շŭغ͵ڿգ޳
޳ȴȻٶȿݽ٣৵һ¾ʧԭء˾һܲһײǰϵС
εϣһ˺ü£Щͱơ˾嶼
㣡˾÷ζҪըˣٵصתͷ޳ɹɢʵķɽǣһͻƵﾳ硣
޳ȥ˾ո߸߾ƣһӰ৵سǰһСɽһ㣬͸һǿʵ޳ѹ
䣡޴ĺδѾ¡¡޳ֻоһǿѹܵϢȫˡ
νǿ𣿡޳һ䣬¶һĨ۴̵ЦݣֱֱվţȭͷӰݺݵӭϣ
أ
һ޴ĺһĻʲôﱻһǰӰɷ顣
㡭˾ɫһݣŵؿ޳ղſһεǳͻˣ
ⲻܣҡͷҲ޳ôǿʵ޷˰Լغ챦ǲǣԣһ
޳Ҳȥô˵ȭݺݵػӻȥߺȵﾳ
˾ݵض˫ƵصػӳӰµصһ𣬳޳ѹȥƾ˵ɳܣ
޳Ц仰Լɣ˵ţȫȭͷϣӭӰҹȥ
أ
ܾ£ļˣͻȻסͷʹغҵײħһ㣬ֱֱسУǵʶˣ
˾ճҲ˫ƲϵһӰ仨һƮһغһ𣬲ʵһغصıһһ³޳
飡޳˫ȭֻȭͷһͬʱ˫һüһ⣬һֱֱسǰȥռһ𣡡
䣡һ޴Ľž뵽ֻȭӰСֻһ˲䣬ֻȭӰɽžһغϣǵ֮ƣһӰɵı֮ϡ
һȭⲨһ˲һת֮һз顣
ҽķһ¾вڷ
޳֣˾յѾԼƾѹ޷ѹڶ̶ʱڣʵȻ˷ָĵز
޳Ϸ򲻸һжɣ˾ĳϣһīɫı֮ϡ
Ϸ㻹浱Լ峤ˣ޳мЦ˫۽ض˾ⶫ϶ˣһ˿⣬ͻȻתӣֱֱس˾ŵسȥ
룡˾ͫһæϣͬʱкȵסס󣡡
һŵĸ߽ߣʵǳ֮ϣ޳ǰѹ
޳۶û̧һ£Ȼռһ৵һ³ܱɢһ¾ͽЩ˴⬡ͬʱʩչǧ٣һ¾쮵˹ŵط棬ѸٻСɣͼһɡ
С֨֨һ˫ֹâ˸ͬһȦȦˮһ뵽ͼС
ס˾ռ״һУһī̵Ĺâžһ¾ͳС
޳üһһžʩչγһǿϣ̹
˾ͽһ⣬޵ҪС޳ˣű˿ӡ
ͷС֨֨£ڿ˷ܵط˸ӣһͷͼײ˹ȥ˾ֵĿУһ¾˽ȥһ¾ûӡ
ûһᣬֺȻԴǰǿֽһͼϸ޳Цر⡣
ԣ޳ЦӸһżƷҩתͳ˽ȥ
֨֨Сɻؽһһڽסҩ£ظ˽ȥ
Ʒ˵۾ˣûɣǼһﾹȻֵǵĵҩӸһֻԣ˲Լһֻﻹֵ
ʲôҸϿ׷˾ô󺰣һԾ˽ȥ
¡޳һ棬㿪ʼغȭӰͬâһϵسܺҡһɿس֮顣
ħ˾˱ͷܣǼħһ㡣
޳Ӹµؿǣ޳Ҫ˾壬˳߲
ȻҲҪѹǾǿһ
䣡޴ĺµħ̼ͽһһ
޳̫˾峤ȫ˳Ƽնӣŭغȵ
޳Ц̫Χҵʱô̫ˣֿʱô̫ˣ
˵ţ˫ĿһƬ⣬һ¾ͳ緢ͬʱüĽ֣һž޴һ㣬ֱֱسѹȥ֮һоֹǿһжѹƵزܶ
ɱˣҪôҪôһ䣬һ״žһ´޳ϴ͸ֱ棬һ޴ӡ
ˣǱӦλϸ˵غǵЦݻûȫɢһӾסˡ
ǿ޳šղõɲСȴһ鶼ûСû£ȻЦ
ǿöףŸоԾæͷܡ
޳һ䣬ǧʩչ棬¶һЦݣˣһɣ
¡¡׳ǵǰ·ס˱ţͽ÷飬ֻڷв
ǵģľѵҪƽ𣿡ǿǱǾܸڵعǺû뵽ҪһΡ׽ٰ
˼ұˡ޳ޱؽ˵쿪˫ֱֱۣسſٻͬʱϵرǡ
ǳ۷壡ǳ㣡߲㣡˲㣡˲۷壡벽ﾳﾳһ㣡
һ㣡
˶ˣһǰһСδţδѹǲܵ顣һ˾ȻǳֱӽﾳȫӵطʵʵʵڵĽ
ˣﾳ׽٣˾Ҫ˰λɫҰס


1380 ׽
˾һϵľôһĻ¾ˣʶؾҪˡ޳Ź
޳˫һУͳ˹ٶȿأֱ׹⻹Ҫ졣
̬˾ֻһͱ׹û˲ͱ˿Сæסƴ߶пơ
ģ׽ٱ֮ǰǸҪλ϶ˣ֮ǰѾˣû뵽ȻҪ̬ŵһף͵ֵϾʱĵ߰˲ˣҪǾŲ㰤꣬ǻˣ
Լѡ񣡡޳¡¡Уȴһ㣬ֱֱش˵ࡣ
̫ˣǾˡôȥǵСҪˡǿһͬ׽е峤˾գλҧҧӲţ峤ûзǺܴģ
ǽȫ߷ʼֵλһƬͬ˾գΪıȽһߣֻһ˿
޳վϱߣӸµؿǣҲżŵһ׽ٶѣ滹аأҪǰù޳շҲԦˣ
޳㵱Ϊ˾۸˾պòײøסΣһ߽ŷ󷨣һߺȵ
޳侲ؽҴûҪ۸˾壬ֻѡðƵ˾Ҫܻ
ʲôðƵģλ޳Ļʱòˡ
ں˵ʲô˾ɫףȵҪٹٻҾƴҲҪͬھ
޳ؽҲҪȻԭα¶زأ˲˹㵱𣿡
ں˵ʲô˾һ˿ңڹǣձɵСˣ
޳Цûᱻң
޳˵ʲôڮǵ峤˾ĳһЩԾȵ
޳Ŀתǣ׹˸У쳣ȣԾڴˣҪôжԼ顣
˵һԾɿ뵽˿Уֱֱӭ׹ȥ¡һһص۽ûһ̣ξʹ׹г׹ֱֱسͬʱԱߵ׵һֳһŽ
ģĸףӣλɫһӱòҰףæóԵĵС޴׵һӾͽҵֱ죬һѡڳ޳һ֮£׳˷顣
ǵۿˣ۲ѣһȻôˣܲϽ׹⣬¾ͺҽҽ
޳˫Ŀһֽһ̣һ¾ͽ˿Уٻ𣬽λߡ
ɵλߣͷ׵ȫ˹ȥ
ǿܰн׵磬ʵ޳ͷҲصؽ
úãҲܡλͱŴˣͷ÷ɿ죬ھܣܰ
޳㾹Ȼң˾ѣ޳ӣصشһƣó˹
ҪҾͳȫ㣬վͬھҲҪ˾յں¡׹֮£˸һͱûϵȴڽʡ
ã˾Ҫʼطʵˣ˾֮⣬غľ˼гֵıʣĶ˿˾ŵضѾ򿪣汻׵Ŀȫǡܹӳȫ˳
޳׳гȴһ㶼Ϊ׹ȣȡ硣Щ׵ϣһ㡣ǣԴǿȵĺѹûһ㷴Ӧ
˾Ͳһˣ˿Ѿǵڶף֮ǰ׽ٵĵأѾеܲסˡ
޳ղ˵ʲô˼Ϊλƺ峤ΪսλϼѵʵǾͺƴԼҽڣҪԼһѱɡ
޳Ȼʧǽ˵峤ѾһˡܶʵطȻΪǵ峤ΪλͻȻͻƵﾳΣ
жһ˿ǡ峤ͻƵ飬ȷʵҲɣǵʱͻƵϲ֣Ҳûж룬˿һ룬ȷʵɵ㡣
׳գ˵һˣǵӱ˲ɣ˾ߵغ
㣡λϱ⻰࣬ǻô֮꣬ǰ峤ҲмӣضԴǣ
¾һλ峤ߵغһǵ峤˾ˣˣ
Ⱥ飡˾ƿڴһʱĶɢˣٽ֮޳Ǹȡʣ¾λͶǽ
Ҳ
ϷҲ
ֻһᣬλȫꡣ˾ó׷ŭȺû϶Ҫɱǣ
˵žͳǳ˹ȥ޳ۼֿطȥһѽǱߣ˫ȭžһ¶˾մ˹ȥ
䣡߶Ժ䣬һӴһ¾ͳɢȥ޴һӾͽľ˾ĳǸײط˳ȥ
ˣ𻬻³һ֣żλϣʧȥƽȥ
޳˫Ŀһʩչǧٷɿظȥ͵һԾȻһһ㣬λھ档
¡׵罵£ȫզ䵽޳档һ̣޳һֳǧͬʱž𺰵ǳȥ
ǣȻȥͣȴǳѸݣżλϣһԾͷɿس档
գ޳׷ȥ׵磬ɫһ߶ǧס׵硣Щ׵类ǧһӵסһžžžڷ档
ֻ޳һ౻ɢһĻû޳͵һ𡣷ıҲܵһ̶ȵˡ
޳ǧοô˾ռ״˵سûüˣͼ޳ȻԾ
Ȼ뵽У׵統Уʼ͵Щɢķ׹⣬ȫڡ
׵磿Χ۵˶ˣ˾Ǳ̬Ǵûô顣ﾳ׵磬Ȼ˵̾ˣ
޳˿̵ûôɣ˿췭ظҪˣ¡¡죬ֱײϵس塣ֻоԼҪˡ
޳㵲һ˾˷ܵغ׵߶޳˹
Ǿ޴һһ¡¡䡣
޳Ǹȴز㣬ֱֱӭϡֻ¡һ޴ײܶԤ֮еıûг֣޳𡣶ڵȻ漣رСˡ
л
˾˶ˣ÷غҪɱ㣡
նŸϵس޳ܵػ׹һؽϡ
˵޳᲻£ŵžֱۣĻͬʱĿȴضǰеˡ
İɣϴŲԼΣաϰοȴҲڴġ޳ж֪ġ˿̻治֪ᷢʲô顣
ԱߣվǰɽҲһصضǰйâһһ֪ʲô
ǿ׵ǿˣģ׽ôôǿ󣿡ǣʶĸ鳤Ҳˡ


1381 Ŀȫ
Ӵ׵ȺһƬնסֵܳ¸Ӵأ˸оѹ
޳ֻоԼһ飬˶׵ûˡңͣϢĻᶼûС
˾Ҳ׵ţûӦͱֱ̣ӱĩ
æٻԼס׵ʵ̫ǿ󣬼ʹи赲кܴһϡһᣬɫҰףһҪҵӡ
һߵ޳ûе赲ֻԼֿǿܳϣҵò𶯡ֻҧţⱾﾳ׽٣ܳŹȥҪνף
գȻ͵һֱӭӣ׵ȫյڡ׹ͽŵù
𣿡˼״ĶҪɤˡǶҷ޳ġȻ֪޳ôԶѹ
̫̬ˣճϼ˴㶵ؿǰҲǰһĻŵʧȥ˼ֻʣôһͷһķһ
䣡޴׵ҲԽԽ࣬Ƭ˾ŵض׵ס
ˣˣǵĹŵسˡ˾ĳȫҰʹغ
֪ɣסˡճϲˬغһȺϼһﱻ޳þ˿Ѿ˰ȫشҪҪǣ޳Ҳô׽١ԣΪ˵Ĳ͵ֿ׵ԭȵĻҪѸࡣ
˾峤ǲδ˵ֻǽضǰô˵ﻹǵ峤ڡûгŪ֮ǰ˾ջ˾죡
˾յ״㲻ٺã˿ѾѪģѪͷϵĸҲߵᣬЩطѾѺۡ
һĻ¸żڵֿ׽٣˿ѾʣࡣҪ飬Ҫ˶þͻᱻ׽ٺ
ģСӵʲôˣ׽ΪʲôҪȱ˵ô࣡˾ջں޵سӶҪˣһʵ̫ˣϻ˶ƭˣ
޳Ҹû꣡Ÿֱֱس޳˹ȥţЩ׷׹Ҳһ˹ȥ
ģǸɵļһԶľżغ޲ֱӳȥżѵʱͻȻ޳׹г˳ֱֱӭ˾ա
䣡ײ޳ϣƫУͷ¡û飬Ҵܵ׹ʵࡣ
ģΪжǿ󣿡˾ҧͲ޳ֵܹסȫ
ﾳεȫһԵע뵽Уһ¾ͳ޳ҹȥ
¡¡׽ǶΧУ޳վɿô͵գ׹븡ȫա໥ѹ˳֮ࡣ
ɱ˾մۣ󺰣ѾȫһīɫĹӰһ£ɿس޳ϡ
׹ⲻ˸ԽԽͣǽģЩ׹֮£ԵԽԽС
޳Ȼüͷмؽûˣ˽ɡ
˾ͷһδӦͻȻоһɾ޴δӦĸʹз˳ȥǱһֱӸȥģһɲƥеһ¡
ֻһǰƬʱֹͣһŵؿǰһУ׷ˣⲻܣܣ
ɡ޳ôһ䣬ڿն𣬽һ׵գֱֱس˾ճ
˾˫ĿѣȴǱԭһȫܶදһ˲ͱ޴Уһʹžһ¾ͱѪ
ߣߣ޳˫ĿһһץסҪߵꡣǲµûȻɳܵľͼһﱱʲôռ˾峤塣
ɣ޳·Ե
ˡһδλһδԽԽҪţԽҪţԽһΣоԼ;ĩ·ˣ
޳㲻ҪɱңҲͶͶҽŽ
ϧҲҪ¡޳ץ˫ֲǵΧ׵绹ڲ䡣ԡ׹⵱Уһսʤһ
ĵԺҲˡҸһܣԣҸһܣ㲻Ҫɱң
ûȤ֪޳ٸᣬ˫һһ¾ͽƬһò
Զ˾ǣȫ߲ѡû뵽˾ȻĲǵ峤ˣǸоˣܴ裡˶ˣѾʲôˡղ޳˵ȴû˸˵
¡¡һ׽ٽ£޳޴׹⳹װΧ׹кȻһж黯һ
Ԫ飬ʼɡ޳
Ԫ͵ĵȵòͷˣ¾ͽȫ߷¡¡شԪһɲϢ˲䱬޴˲ӡ
ǸֵĹ󣿡˶Ետ񱩵˿̿ʱ˺üԼС
¡¡Ԫ󱻳״򿪣ܵȫϵ뵽޳ڡ
޳עԼڣϵش壬¡¡У˸ӷ
ԳԳԣȻһϸССİͲס̽ͷһڣʼ
ģȻԪүԪ鵱ˬغȫ붴
СҪߵغյٶȴһ㶼ûмԪ֡
һᣬڵ׵ࡣ㿪ʼרһ׽ٷǳǿҲҪѸ࣬Ȼ֪ؽȫ˽ҪǶԪֵ»Ҫűˡ
Сӣ˰ɡȥԼšԪ齲С㣬Ҳס죬ٳҴ㣡
ߣСߵغδһﵽԪУ
޳˿ȫϵЩ׹⻹һ˿һͷһڳ۳ҡ֮һȫɢ
󾳽á޳̾һԭЩĵطͨ͸࣬ǿҲҪǰǿࡣ
޳һ£ڵǰǿࡣﾳ֮ȻǳԱġǹһﶯĸо˵ʵоԼһǿѹģȴʷǿĳС
ľ𣿡оڳһ޾һָо뻯ĵЩƣȴȻĻҪһЩĵʱģȴʵʵǣܹܵ
Զֻһͷһ޴ǰ淽Բһ֮ضҵöǿӡ
ǿԶۿ˶鲻Խۿˮмתͷʸﾳĳϣϣô𣿡
ЩС޻᲻˵λɫһ죬˵ͬҲкܴġͬ⾳޳ǵﲻǸǿȣҪǳϣǾ˵ڣ
޳վܲ鿴һ£˾嶼ѾݻٵĿȫǣһصҾʹʧԭϡ


1382 ʶ
޳ֱӳ˾ŵƽ飬ͱķзǸҵУ綼ǹڴµĴԡ
Ǳ꣬һͻƣ彫ףﾳ硣Ƿϵ鶼޳һ˸ռˡҪ˵ս峤˵أ㹻۵ˡ
һʱ䣬˶޳־£徭һεĶѾ׽⿪ɴĽǰǱݻٵ˾ŵأÿ춼кöǰĹۿ·һۣǵҲˡ
Ǳټҵ˾ǣ˲ɥȮﶼû˸ҽܡǰ޳ȫԸ˳
ε˾նɱˣǻʲôԥġ޳һս˽˴Ҷո¡˾屻ڽ壬ɾ쵼
ϴǲ𣿡ʵôʵ£޳ȴ˦ƹʲô鶼ܡ
ֻ鵱Ȼˡ޳Ц÷ǳͰЦݿȥȥôôǷ⡣
ϴҪҰᣬܽ˾͹ͷˣȻҪôࡣ
û취϶ˣȺףεˣ˽ˡԡ壬ҲȺףһ£ˡ˵峤ͣϱҲӦõġ
ͣϴ˵ˡ˵ȥҪˡغ
ǵϢܲǾһԵǰɽƼ⸱ģһۣ
㣿ваɵؿһۣǰɽֻϴʲôʱôϸµˣɲô򵥵顣ָо壬ȻԱǺ֧ܶ࣬ȴǳǿҪ˵ÿһʵ൱Ԫһˣ
ǰɽԼ˵ؽôˣҵͲɣ˵ţ޳ٺһЦϴ󣬾԰ɣұ֤񣡡
޳ԽǰɽЩֵĸоʵôˣƽûЩȤ
Ҫ˵Щ飬Ǽһһܵһû뵽ھȻҪ޳ϸ۲һ£ǰɽЦвһĨɻ
ǰɽЦǺǵؽ˶ǻһԽԽҲǺȰ
޳룬ͷȻˣƹܽ塢˾塢壬ƹܣΣ
ǸãϴһṼģǰɽЦǺǵؽ
޳ͷҲͷˡԺǶõģٵĲˣǾҪǰˡ
򣿡ǰɽȵؿҪȥ𣿾Ȳĸ
֪޳ĸ׵ֻһƻǣҪɽʯܹȻ
޳ͷûһҪȻĸס֮ǰҲˣ˵˵УˡܸоеԽԽˣΪ˲Ҫȥ
Ҫʲô飿ǰɽãʵ
Ŀǰ˵ܸоһЩܹҵ⣬׺䣬Ϣˣ޳ʵ
ǰɽɫһ䣬ɥؽûУֺʧһ㾡ûҵ
޳һ£ҡ
ҲЩǣ֮ǰֳôĶ׺ӦûֲŶԡôȥһϢûСʼǲǳʲô顣
ϴҲˣô֮˻ûأҲڱʲô鵢ˣʱԼͻ֡ǰɽ
޳ͷҲֻοԼˡ룬ż˵ǸȥæɣҪչһӡ
ϴҪչأǰɽʵ㲻Ҫͻưɣÿ޳չأǻ˾ϲ
޳ЦֲôֻҪһ¶ѡûҲ򣬱ķˡ
ǣ֪ĵȥɣдǻ֪ͨ㡣
޳һ֮󣬱ŵһطʼһȻͻô㣬Ҳ֮ǰۻĽҪһ£ȻȣԺл᲻
һεɽ󷨣㿪ʼתһȻתȻҪ֮ǰ˳࣬ǳܵǿȣﾳܵȴ֮
оں޾ӿһȫµĸܣоܹһ硣ǳǷȱֻоܹһԼ
ţһԼȻԼĸϵһȣѵﾳУ
һԼǲ൱ڻӰ㳵ܹһԼǲʹͨ಻ܹͻӭĴ˵ˣ
Ȼϲ˵жԼܹӰЩ⣬Щ˵ĻĿԼħʲôϵǻǺ֪ԼΪλ״
˵
ˣӰԪһˮ͸
޳ʵԪ飬佲֪Щʲô
֪ڵﾳûгʲôνȻиֹʲôĹżʱҲδⷽļء
ûɵָǽܶѹ֪ﾳʵ컯һ߽׵ʱܹһȫµ硣ȻΪЩôģǴﾳʼģҪ˵ﾳĿʼԪ
Ŀʼ޳𶯣һȫµĹϴо´½һ𣿡
һ£ǷƺҲǰôĥŶԣΪιȴֻôٵ˲ܹɣ
ԪȻЦСӣ֪Ҫ˵ã˵̬֮˾ˡǽֵģЩ˼ʹΪڸ㣬ҲһܹİŸ̤ﾳѾо֮ܺãչȥпܽ붴쾳ܹ򵥵Ķˣ
춴ģ޳ԼĹһαˢˣԭЩ붼飬ȻһڿǰƺȥҲôʵ֡
ԣҪŬ꣡ǰ·ءԪζؽ
ߣҪҵΰĶģôףͷ֪ƭСӡĺȻֹ
Сƨô໰ⲻڹ𣿡Ԫؽ
ߣƭӣĺһͷŲҪźƭСͷһ
޳˵Ľһߡ̸ܱܲܿƺ̫ðɣ˿Ҳûпȥ˵ĻԪ鴦ʲô⣬۱ˢǿ϶ģ
ģһһȥѱȵ飬һһȥﵽ
дע⣬㿪ʼ²Ƿ֮ĸ֪ļ룬ԽĴ֣ȻԽⲿ
ʶС˿ʶѾһЩı䡣ԭżŻһεĽ磬˿ȴ߸ڰСֽ̫ͬһ㣬ת
޳죬æǹ֮ע뵽Сһ̣Ȼľ󾪴ˣ
֮Ȼһ৵һɢС֮֮ܵľȻ˷츲صı仯ЩԭĿռ䣬ȻⰻȻƴشأ︴һ


1383 ֮Դ
︴գشءһмֱһ޳㶵ظԼʶеı仯ʧȥ˼
ȻЩ׹æԪ㿴
ʲôʶʲôÿģԪֹģһӡܵʱ򣬾ò㱻ԼĿˮҭпˮĻ
̵ģС㽻ϴ˰û뵽䲻ģ㾹ȻôöԪವһ뵽޳ʶУ￴һ޲ýĶԼԪеӡ
Ԫ飬֪Щ޳˷ܵʵ֪Щʲô֪Ԫˡ
ҲǺкܶණǴ˵еĶҲû׵ԪֹŴβ²ʲô治֪һһڵǣӦþǼһšɫӦþ֮Դ
֮Դ޳ȵʵ֮𣿸ղҽ֮ʱ򣬺Ȼ︴գػشһһӾͱд
ûǿ϶֮ԴˡСӣҪ˰Щɶ֮ȻȥǱ֮߻ģʵȴԴȪ
޳Ǻףһô˵ɣ㿴һ̲ǵ棬ͿһԲһɵĿռ
ʲô޳ŵˣôһݣĬĬز鿴һ£ʶд˿̸︴յһϵĲƺг۲ݡԶ໨ľ
ûһݡ˵ҪˡԪֹСӵǴʱʶвôһأ
Ԫ˵ʲô޳ûһֹæʵһ϶֪ܶܡ
ԪȴȻһᶨӣҡͷ˵ʲôûн󽫻˿һûзչ龰ҲӦչŶԡ
޳һæ߶ֻһ£ǽȻ⣬ɢĽںϳһƬƬռ䣬ճһѤöˡ
޳һһӴˡŵٴһ£Ȼķ֮ǰˣ˲֪һ㣡
̫ˣⲻԾ
Ԫ飬ҵͻƵתˣǲ̫ɿˣæԪȡǰϷŪͻƵתֳˮ˻ȥĸǵ˿ָоֱҪجٵĸо
İɣ綼ˡˡ֪룬Ԫ鰲οʶе磬ʵǿ֧ŵġжǿͻжḻֻ֮Ϊѡ
֧ţ޳𶯲ѣȻ뵽ǰڻĸƺȷʵһֱڲ͸һֱʲôԭƬС
Ԫ飬˵ҵƬ붴ûйͬ㣿޳ܹ仯ɿռĶģЩڴʶҲܹ
ҽ˷ʶĵ𣿡Ԫ鲻ʵ˷ĵط˸㱳ͱ𣿡

޳Ĭȷʵ̫ˣע붴Ĳһ̲סܹ
Ԫ鰲οҲġⶫ֮Դô˵ɣԺҪ춴ģҪԣǸı⣬ɱǶöˡ
ģ޳вһϲиһս⡣һҪǿֻ㹻ǿԺܹԼԸΪļˣΪˣΪ˴һ磡
ģСƨȥԪȻ
ԳԳԣŵ˺ܺóԵĶĺȻһϵ޳ʶ壬ӣֱƴһ
Ԫɳȥһ߽Ԫ֮ھнһ߶޳㿴˰ɣСһﱻζòˡҪסˣܽй¶ȥ
ѽͷץҸǲҳҳ˶ܹ󰡣۴С
ͣ㡣ڻòô࣬Ҫ㳤ôʲôԪؽҪҪԺóԵģǾ͸ҹԹԵģʵشšռڵǸûźˣʱҪʲôʲô
ģǱϾֻһСӣ¾̵صͷȥȥź϶ȥˡ
ٺ٣СӣԪүðɡͺúõĲɣǲˡԪЦŽ
ãˡ޳ͷ¿ʼ
ʶȻ㲻ﻨ㣬Ѿкܶ໨ݣҷŨԼзҷ
֪żֻ᲻ܻܲ޳Ѥöٴθһ£ûȥʵʵڵת
һʼŬʵΪչ̫죬Ȼٶȷǳ죬ÿһȵ˿ҲҷɣϽʵ
һЩû͸ĵطʼһЩȤҲʼéٿоԼһȫµĳ̶ȡ
ճ䣬ϡ֪˶ãоܵһжòãһɿļ𡣵ȵٴۣƺȻ˲׺ɣɱ䡣
ϸһԭĵطɽǸɽ绹Ǹ磬Ҳûȥ
ˡԼЦЦԸоĻܱǰһѾڶ⡣
ʱƺǵýʱһ괺Ūʱ˿ȴҶƮ㣬Ӧˡ
һﾳȴȻԶһըһɺڿն𣬼ʹôԶܹоЩ΢
ǽķ򣿡޳ɫһæʩչǧٸ˹ȥδͷǰһˣƺƵΧ塣
˿̽ŻѾ״򿪣ʶĿˮչǰϸȥᷢˮǵĹâֱ֮ǰ֪࣬ΪԵʻĶȱԵر΢
޳̻ڿУɫͷȺΧˡҪʲôô󵨣ȻڸΧˣ
ŭȣΧɿȥȥ񣬶Ҹں֮ڡ
޳ĿԶ뿴ǵͷ˭һȴȻ©¡
ȻΪ֮ףŨܴۡǵЦʱӡˬĵǰɽȻṥԼֵܣ
ʲôˣ޳֣ϢǱȥҪȲ
ҪһֱͷڹҿѾˣٲͱҲֵ壬Ҫȥˣǰɽվǰ棬
ˮյģһ˿춼ûС˲ǲһճǡ޳Σһ̽΢һЩˣѾоϢˮǺ档
ҪǻǾ͹ȥˣһǰɽһɫҲûˬЦݣ˿ϾȻһĨǰδе
޳ǣɫҲڷɿ˼ҪŪ⵽ôһ£
ٲҾĹȥˣ˵ֻҪ㽻ƹȨԷ뿪һˣǰɽ
һĬǰɽҪʱһ
ϴԵи𣿡ǾȻŬװƽȴһŭͲʡ
ǰɽЦԲϴˣֻ뽫ҹظöѣ
߷߲ƽǰɽΪλӣ㵱ΪҺ𣿡


1384 ǰɽ
ͬһǾһը޳Ժ
ô£ɽʲôӡеǰɽǲģһʲôᡣ
ôΪҺˣǰɽȻһǰºģһغΪ޳ΪǺҸ㣬ֻǶѡȺôΪ
Խ˵ԽߣҪǹǣὫЩ̯ӶǾˣҪǣأг𣿡
ʲôҲϴн춼˭ģҲŷŭߵ
ҵһжԼŬġ޳أְ٣ûܹ˳ߵ𣿺ߣ̫ˣѵ͸ţһֱѹ𣿡ǰɽﺬŲͲʣ޳ѣû뵽ֵȴģ
ǰɽҴ㣡ҺܸмһʼҵİǴӽֵ鳹׾ѣˮ󷨺洫һ󲨶һµľ˳ɫأϴһ˿㲣ۿǰɽ
޳һӣĪЩǰɽ˵ûȷʵһϸϴûоԼΣֵˡǰɽ
޳һ˿⣬ǰɽԲʶǸԪ飬ǲҲˣ޳ʵ
ţһΡԪɽ⺢ӣȻ츳ûǸߣȴǳĵļڤһ¾ͺܺõ˵ҪģͲȵڡϾʱ̫˿ˡ
޳ͷҲͻȻ֮ĳǸĻͻȵȡøߵĳɾͲŻᶯ֣ڡǣ
ʲô顣Ȱй۲һ¡Ԫ齲
ס˳ֵܣ˱ˣţǱ߾ѾǰɽΪĴ治ɲ濴峤˵λãøǣʲôҪ췴𣿻˵ϴЩ˵˵ʲôԣϴͲУ
ߣ㻹ĵġô࣬޳ĵ𣿡ǰɽյЦ̬˭Ҹ㣬㲻ã˵峤ҲˣֻǸһᣬԼ˳ѡ
ܣ˳𣿾ڱֵ⸱ʸ̳𣿡ǰɽԲѷҲ
ͬΪıȻҪɵӣҲ㡣ʵ˵ɣǰɽ˵žͳž˹ȥ
޳ͫһһˢһ¾ͷ˳ȥ
ֻǰһһӰǰǳϤϹһ˿䲻ȵЦ
޳
ģˣ
һ޳ɫһŵþҪͷܡǰɽ״תͷȵʲôϴ󣡡
˵ţתͷЦض޳ϴɻˣֵǿǺ㰡
޳ĿؿǰЦݴֿƺֱصǸ˵ǰɽû֮ǰһ棬ҪЦݸԻˡ
ǰɽû޳ǰϤЦݣһãȻ뵽Ӧ͵ˡҲ˷ʱ䣬ؽȻˣҲͲ˵ˡûҾҪȡ㡣
ϴ˵СҲ֪ôˣӺȻ衣ˡѵһ¾ͺáղȻ˵ǿӲϾֵܣ޳˻̲ס˵û
޳һֹĶǰˡһᴦáˡȻȥϢɡ
ȥִһߡǰɽ޳ĻɫҲһϴң
޳ЦӦ˭ɽӦýʲô֣
ϴ˵ʲôȵʵȻغˣѹͰŶͻȻ䣬Ǳˡ԰Ѿˣ˭
ǰɽһ㶣ҪʲôվʲôûнֻǷ߷ߵؿǵȻ֪ˣҲˡûǵֵھң޳û뵽ɣǻټһ죡
㵽˭޳ɫأؿһ˼֮ǰӦþʶ鶼ϸһ飬Ȼ𵱳УսƵ˾ͽʱ쵽һİϢ
˫һУʵǵߵꣿ
ûû뵽ҸǸһӳ˰ɣǻᣬⱲӿ¶µ˲󻹲Ǳڹˣ
޳ɫ侲ʵþЩˣͿԵֿ𣿡
Щȷʵֿܹ˵ҲԸһأУټأ˵źȻֳһУ˳һǱһЮġ
ɫһǰǰɽ˵޶ſ
ûϢӡץ峤Ӱɣ޶ǲ̫Щ
˶֪ţⱰСˣȻУϿȻͱҴɱ䣡
ɱңᣬҵصظҲźˣǰɽЦǺǵؽ
˵ôκסѹֻ̫ܶͬűˣһ˵¾ʲôˣ˿ӣȻ⼸˵ҪץסԼֱΣ
ҷȰ㲻ԿͷĻʵһ㡣ȻԼܿడǰɽЦŽ
˵㻹ʲôɱҾһҪᣡǰɽ㾹ȻˣǶˣŭغ
㲻Ҫ嶯ͷҪˣͲܲҪ˵ʱŭʲôô
һԣ޳һĻȻѾ֪ǰɽʶǸûʲôùǵˡһʩչһ߰Ԫ飺ô취Ա֤ɽ˵ؽǸռݵг
ѹƣֻҪǿܹ࣬׾ٵؽƣԪɿػص
޳ͷ˫һһ৵һ±罣âһ𣬷ɿسǰɽʶ˹ȥ
ǰɽ˫Ŀһݣæȥסʶ޳ٶȵѾȡֻһ¾ͽǺס
ǰɽһľͷվԭأȵͣȴʲô
޳һһ㣬ֱֱس뵽̰صʶУķ״ơ
޳ҪٸҽҾͽĺֵܸ׻𣡡Ȼһǰɽʶ
Ϥ޳һ𣬵˿ûֹͣ৵һ£ظӿҪ죬Ҫ䲻
̼ͽܶĵģȴһɿԵǰʱʹ
޳Ϊʲôôǿˣⲻܣ
ϴ󡭡ҡ
һǷߵģ
ɽ㻹ô޳ʵͬʱֳ֣һֽǰɽסãһסһꡣ
һ̣һŭһ±޳ɫһɴδйĺһš·Եһ㡣
㣿û뵽Ȼ㣡ȫѹôãȻ޳һһ٣ҧгݵغۣһҿ㻹ôӣ
ȫһæۣô


1385 
شǵģǰɽҵĲڷ۵
޳û뵽ɣûңһ벻һֱߣ㻹Ϊ
޳ȻѹֵһϤŭĸоԭôܲŭֱĸļһһֱķŭ
޳ĸ׻û𣿹һƻɵñˡȻһСϨˣϿɾûа취Ȼඣһ˵ŹЦ
С侲һЩڼŭ㣡һңͿԳûӳȥˣԪ鼱æѵ
֪޳һѸٽȶǰķ꽲ɣѾǵǸ׸꣬Уͽǰ˶ϰɡ
ۼսûãҲЩżֻһĨ״̬ȻѾ޲ر֮ǰ࣬Ҫƴѹƴ޳
룬֪һ޴ܣ㽻һ·
ܡ޳ܾҪ֪ܣȫԼȥҡЩԱ˵ܣ˵δء֪ѾˣûҪȥѰա
ۼһ㶼Ϊ¸żҪ޳Ѿᡣ
޳עһǰɽʶű
ʹغһ̣ȻҪĸоŵغôܱôǿⲻܣ㵽ˣ
ȫо޳˺ֵزֻоǿǳǿʹڲ߶µҪġɽڲûգѾӲдôˣûȥ
лһŵƣԤ޳
޳㲻Ҫĸ֪һȥʯȫɿֻҪңҾ͸㡣
޳˿ΪҵĸԼȣġڣ͸ˣ
˵ţͻȻһ£ü৵һɫĳ磬һŽವֱֱע뵽ǰɽʶС
۷ŭغУޱȡʵغҲţ޳ɱһڵģҲǹҪɱĸףҲǱƵİ
㲻Ҫɱңҽ֪һж㣡ڡ
ȻֹҲûܽǾ仰ɢ統С޳оþòƽ
ˣˣˣȴûһ˿ɵĸоһ˿ŨŨĵǡ
ô˵갡ԪüҪɱҲüһʱ
޳üҡֻס
ʲô˵бڶ֣⵹ԪҲһղſȫûо
ӦûСҸղû쵽һĴڡҪô˵ת֮ϣҪôǷ걾⣬䣬һҪ˵ʲôܣͻᱻɱ޳²
ܡԽԽ˰ĸ׵һֱԪУ˵Щãǵþȥɽˡ
޳һԵͷǰɽʶϢشԼʶаһݣӵǰɽʶСһ˲䣬ǰɽʶڱٻĵطͱ޸ϣһɾС
ԲֱۣǱﰡ֪һжô޸ǸʶӿŸ߽ħ˾Ϳ˰㾹ȻﱾԴܼҺӣԪʹش
ܼҺӣܼҺӣҲҲˡȻԣǸС࣬Ҳ³˼ҡ
ϴ󡪡ǰɽӻһ۾Ϳ޳ۿΪԼˣû뵽һα޳ˣ
û¾ͺá޳صļ򣬰οܿˡ
Լûáǰɽ۵
޳ҡҡͷ״ƲؽʶзЦ㶫°ɡ
ǰɽ߶ע뵽ʶУһ̽ͻһ¡ۿֱͨϲУ޳룬ֻغлϴ󡱾˳طˡ
ôˣʵǰֵô죬˵һᣬҲܵý仰໥ͽһ°ɣû뵽ǼһﾹȻʲô˵ŤͷܣҪˣ
޳ҲһΣЦŽûˡǶȥæԼȥɡ뽫нն
ô죿Ѿ֣˿ȴָȺ汻ۿƵǰɽһͬ췴Ⱥӵܡ
ǶǱǰɽƻˣȺӵܱǰһĻˣʱŷӦڵأƴġ
Щˣ޳δǣֻʾ
ǰɽ֮ǰ쵼塣Ҿ˵ʱôͻȻҪƿأʱӦþѾƿֻ֡һֱûȻһֱһı䣬ȴһֱҵĴ˵Ҳһֱֻ̰һµ쵼ζȴû롣
㡣޳ԭίǽԶȥͷձ¡⽫ֵ׵Ǽʹһ£Чȡ
˵꣬ת뿪ȥ
İЧʺܿ죬ԱϺ󣬱ϵȥ޳
ϵʱ޳ճϽ޳ת֡һȥ顣
ϴ𣿡ʵ
šѾĸ׵Ǻܺãȥ̲ݻ޳
ȻһЩϣϣá಼ϸҽǴ˷ǰһҪٰСġ˵֮ǰԪ½𶯣˺ܶطΪصʵ׷׳֣ϻǼһҪغˡ
֪һͬһ޳ʵ
ҪһǿĺԮţȵһҪʱɱң˵Щʱ˸ڹԡ
Щ˺ܶ࣬޳ƱҪߵúԶģҪԶͱӴ֧ţһ޷ЩġԣҪΪ԰
޳Ҳܸжصļ򣬵ֵܣˡ޳֮գǳư֮ʱ
ãصغһ˸˷ܵĹâʲôȻЩ˼ף㵫֤ˡ
Ŷϲϲ޳ЦǸĺ£ƺĺܾúܾûаϲˡ
¸˵ʵм𣿡
ţ֮ǰѡ˺ܶӣÿ¶СֻҪһٰ졣µǡþ󡣡꣬Ȼˡжż
޳ЦЦû˵ֻԵףһЩϸڣԻصԼס
һ˵ʱȴ򿪶ģ鿴һ϶һ򣬾Ͳʱ䣬϶״֮ǰѾࡣѾʼҪ˶þܹȬ
Ҫ飬Ȼô꣬һֱҴһˣڽϢֿʼǡ
ĸףǷֺô꣬ȴһֱδܾ㡣ɱ˺ˣȴɾԼҡ޳ĬĬʵ
һڹĸ׵һƲлԪȡûȡͱԪסҪ˿زܵκδ̼İɣʱ£һ㿴ŵġ
޳̾Ϣһַ˻ȥ


1386 
Ѿõҹŵأӭ˵һϲ¡峤Ȣϼ峤һǧ֮໥ֱ˴˲¼ɵĹϵӽԺֻ֮ʣº
һ磬˷ܵ˯žͰ͵ؽ޳ǰɽиصĞ⼸˶
˵峤ô궼ˣʱ˯ǲµģһ䣬ͷҪ˯ȥæúüû˯ˡú˯һ
˯˯˯ߣһֲƵغ
ֵϣ¶ı飺Ҳǵ˯İû񣬲˯ϿȥӰɣҪҡ
ȥ˰ߣһתߡֱߵſڣȻӦֱӳһڞƨϣ̵ģȻˣң
֪Ѿ˯øһ˺ࡣ
޳ͼһĻЦŽȶȥˣߣȥߡ
ʱ컹˳ȥЩ䡣Ǹ߽ߣȻ磬ǰľɫжЩп
ʶĵεΣڵأ߹ÿһǳؾա̾ҽʱ룬ûϴ㣬ڻʲôӣǸķǸҪŬܶȴձˡ
һҪɹҪȥ磬̵İ£Ž˳ȥ뵽һᣬȴδԼһȡóɹΪԼˣѾԼ뽵͵ֻҪܹСͺá
㵱ôذɰҹ޳ǵУһĹܱʱеľȡ
Ǻǣʵʱûж롣ֻǿ㣬÷ǳͶԵҲĪؾɹҪ֧㡣Ȼʼˡ˵ʵְ˵£ʱ˶زˣоǼֱΪ׼ģԡǺǡ
ǶͺЦʱΪǰɽע⵽Լû¿๦򣬺ճҺãʱ˻ٶΪȥģֻ֪ԼеԼģ汻õ˻ᡣ
Եְɡ޳ԵؽҪˣԺϵĵӸˡ֮ǰҪʲô飬һҪʱ֪ͨңҶһʱϻ
ţмصͷǰһ·ܹһ棬ҪȢףǸһֱ֧̣ȴҲܿˡ
ҪڵĻһǳˡϲ˵ţۿЩ졣༸˴սʱ򣬾ˡһֱΣû
Ȫ֪ҲΪ˵ġõӣͲҪЩˡ߰ɣʱˡ޳ο
˻ȥʱǰɽǣһæϲϣһȺ˺ƺƵȥȢס
ȢײͬȢײ·ǴԽʱգ
޳ͷ󣬷ųСɣ֮϶޳ǣüڤĵ֮ӭ׶ƺƵس
һȺ˴ʱ弸˲㶼ŵһӭףʱ֪ҪûǿãֻЦõغ̻湻ģĲãĲã
˼ץץͷԵЩţעģһϲŷ֣һиг롣ģǴʱѹ
û£ȥʱҲһ޳ЦŰοͬʱ²ۣһϸʵڲô
ӭһ⣬Ϊ˱ȽСǸĿҲšһſһҪİǣˣ
ﴫһһңںܶĶȡЦľٶԺԱߵĹ˽ȥȻֱϲӹ˳
ڶʵǿߣԺϿն˭뵽ɻӹȥǸûþ͹ŷҵӣȻҲͬӹ
ǣվԺ⣬ŴЦɵʱ˶ˡ
㡭㡭ϸָˣòûȥҵ棬춼ëӸˡԱЩͣЦЦֲЦ̵úòࡣ
ûãǶЦˡÿ˵ĿУֻʣ´ͣٴͣ
ֻڵϣȻʼӡһֻǬܵĸּƷ͵
ЩԺűܡ
ȻһǬװ֮ǰ޳ļƷҩ
ЩԺҲűܡ
Ȼ󣬵óһŲݵʱֳʱмλмʶĳϣںܲסžһػ˹ȥ
ʱֻԼţЦŽǿŲݲ䣬ؽòݣԺǵĺ
ߵصͷǸƢ𱬵Ůڽճױ
ܡܼӰ
Ԫ顢һɽҳǣԪ붴Ȼ޳״ʲôͣõǿŲ峤ǣ۵ؿô峤ЩȫϼѾͷϣĶڵѪˡ
ԺǲǶϼѾͷˣˣ
һ㶼ûﲻãϲصرգٴδԽʱգȥ붴
޳ǰһŨˣҲЩĽǲҲӦȥҸϱˣ
׺Ǳ㿪ʼ׼ǰ顣ԭһصУһƹҡ
ǽγˣɾ޳Դ޳һս֮ԽԽ˸Ͷǡ
޳Щ˾ۼսˡɱƾΪսΪݣֻǲһ־ӢǱصĴ򣬞֧սճˡ
һж׵ֳջһ˶ǸһֱļңڿԻȥ
ˣЩ׷ˣһжǱߴգȻȫҶᵽ˽壬뾰һ
ˣŷ뿪ǰɽһǰǸصĹȣǴ򿪡
Ҫͨ򣬱Ԫĳǵߡٴ̤ȴѾ˷ǡٴλصҵ˵ĵطңȻҵһ
Ͷʯ֮˱ŵĺ֣սսģȴһӴƣ𺽡
ϴ˵һǵ÷ɶãԪ༸ʮҲ֪ҪͶáʱУܲãϢþ޷
ٶҪԤϵĿһЩһʱǽһϡ
ʲôˣһ䣬ͼһĳìˢˢؽΧסǺ˸źĳìͣǰмѼǲǵն
޳˲£ҲҶֻصǴԪ
ԪǵطģﲻӭϻȥЩì˵ţųì
ǰɽˣ̧ͷһʱԭءֻǰվһŤͷ߱Ĺվųìˢˢؿǡ
޳ҲһܿͷӦ˹ѾȻ硣򵽴ħ޺ޣϸƤŵࡣ
ǲߣ͸Ͽ뿪ɣλ˵žͳһʯŴ˽ȥ
Ǽ˼ǰɽһӼˣǺòײŵٴλȥĵ¾ߣҪȥۡ
ûжͱ޳һסָֻǰŭŭ졣ǰɽͷһԭء


1387 꾫
˹ۻǰɽʹ۾֮ĵؿǰ΢΢ţˮҪˡ
̵ģǻǲ˰ôô֪ҪǰһȺŮǣϪԶԶȥͺƾŮǿ
ܲ˵ģǻ𱬶Ѫ͵ģ
ǰɽֻʣͷԼ¶ˡǰǴͷģֱ˼
ɽɽ޳ضǰɽһﾹȻñѪˣתͷһֳۣĻһЩǼЩŮûʲô
֪ʱôǰɽ㶵ؿǰǸŮˣһ㼤һ£ԼƱʲôˣ
ϴ㿴ڶЦǰɽɵؽ
޳ģȻЩڽˣµãѻ궼ûˡ
룬ǰɽһۣ߰ɣ˶͸ˡ
ٺ١ٺ١ǰɽǻԼ߹Ůˣﻹý޳Ļվԭأʲôˡ
޳ε̾˿ֱӴ߶ֱӴߡⱿֻʣŮˣûƼԱǻţͷ
ѽǴĿˣôﰡȺŮ˲֪ǲǾ쵽ҪߣȻʩչת۾ǰΪŮ˫۴ǰɽЦʵ
ٺ٣ǰɽβǹ磬ֱӱˣͷתģŮ˴˿ҪɱƶҪǷ
ɽ޳εغһһץǰɽֱۣҪԱ߳ȥ
ǲȥǱߣһʿΧסǵȥ·׺ݵغ
ϴٵȵȣŮڸ˵ǰɽʱȻŤӣҪس塣
޳ɫһıЩԾǰɽʶҲġ˵Ǹ˾ŸɫҲûôʵĵزǰɽ˿̾͸ҩһ㣬ȫʧȥǣ
ҩһݣȻתͷһȭŮˡȻʩչһεĹ٣৵һ³ǵʶ˹ȥ
ʲôŮ·һȺ꾫ûǰһȺģɫŮˣʵϾı꣡
ȺŮ˺ȻʹغһЦһ޳ǵɫʱһ˿ɻ󡣺һǳУȻ֮ˣֻҪǵȻ֮ƻһʱ֮ͺѡ
û뵽ǰ˾Ȼô׾͸ʶˣ
ϴôˣǰɽȻãԼͷղƺһΣһǳΣƯŮˣС
֣˰ѱӣָһʪͷһһȻѪˣ
ô£Ҹղʲô˵תͷԱȥȻǰվһȺŮΪһŮģĿ
⡭ͷͻȻ˵һ£æԼʶסûֹͣ
޳ȻҲо״вЩЦСȷʵҪˣŮˡ
룬ʵ֪λֺ£
ΪŮЦһ£Ӧǣк£ΪҪɲǿġ
⻰˵ĿɾͲˡȻĵطҲ˵Ͳ˰ѣôвǿģǰɽˬؽŮǺãҲܶϲǣ
ǰһ˵ӣת۾ͲˡЩ΢΢ˬǰɽ⻰˵δ̫ˡѵǲ֪δѾգ̤룿
ʲôµǰɽ޳Щȷʵû˵򱻷ˣ֮ǰδ˵Ӧ顣
޳зɿһ£֮ǰظȥʮ˵飬пܾΪǼ顣Ϊֹ˽룬벻ͨˡ
ιȻ֪ˣǾ͸Ͽ뿪ѡҲΪѣڻ˵Ͽߣìֳǹ˹һţͷǺȵ
λи㣬Ҫ£ᵢʱ䣬Ͼͻ뿪޳˵Ŵӻͳһ֧ƿοӳΪţͷݹȥ
һ򿪣ŨķҷƮɢʹǰɽͼʶҪĵҩǱǰɷҷǵ˺üڿˮﰵ޳ܼҡǼƷҩ˵͸һһһƿ
Ȼһţͷ޵ɫ䣬¶һ̰ض޳ϵƿ޲ֱ
Ϊţͷһƿ̽ϸ鿴һ£ȻૺļƷҩƷ
Ա϶¶۵ı飬ҪֲңﶼƽԱȺŮˣ¶Ľı飬󶼽Ŀת޳
һΣ޳ûôˡֻţͷǣʵ֪ɷи㣿
⡭ΪţͷһĨͷȷ÷Žκһ࣬ǰзˣһͷ֪úܲҡҪǷֿɵõļƷҩвʡ
ӣͻȻмЦϢֲûõ𣿲λȤҺˣ߰ѡ
ɧ㱻߸Ҽʵģʲôעѵǻ˲ܷŽȥ˵ʲôܣţͷ˵ţʹƿݻ޳
⵹Щ޳ϣûǾȻֵܹ˼ƷҩջȻⵤҩ˵ƷȴҲ࣬һܹõƷҩĻ֮٣Щҩ˵󡣵ȴܾˡ
ߣǲҪǾҪˡȻЦһ£৵һ°Ͻعƿ絽ԼĻ
ʲô˼ţͷˬغȵ˺ôˣ
Ǻǣûʲô˼ֻǼλȽȤǽѶѡȻѣȻҪ֮꣬ߣߣҴȥúùһ䡣˵ž͹޳ǰɽһѸٳԶȥ
ʲôţͷ׷
л޳һĨɿͳһֻƿ˹ȥ
Ⱥͷ͵ͣסֻƿʼָǰԥֻ׷ҷˣڲһˣ˵˳ͷֻûסѣ
˿ĵطָͬʱһĥĥģ˵طϢͳȥ
޳źһ͵˺ԶĵطһǰɽͿʼϴȫҪ˷һƿǼƷҩ̫ǰ￴ŵˣ
޳ֻЦţδȷʵһƿ˷ѣ˿뱩¶ֻ̫࣬Ҫܹİ취ģȻѡ취
һֱԱ߿ǰɽʹظʲôƵģӻͳǰֻƿһӵسӹȥϢһƿҩ㡣
ǣǰɽֹͣ²ۣ㶵ؿǰëŮӣȻҪǡ
ҲǸ˼˵ǸǰɽĲˣҪԼǿŵԽ˵Խ֪Ҫô˵ѵ˵û㽲䣬Լϴ̫Уﶼ׹ˣ
˵
ȻҲû⣬ؽƿ֮󣬺ȻʵǾ޳ǰɽѣ
޳ǰɽʱһ٣һɾŮ֮ǰǴԲɺϡ


1388 
޳ǰɽͻɫֻЦЦǲؽţֻ֮Уûͼ
˭㣿޳һ֮ǰȷʵѾǰǲûЩϵҪʲôʱӦò֪Ŷԡ
ڻϣ֪ԻǿλҪþΪˡ޵ŮϸذǸ˶ܲס
ǰɽͽеͶ׷ȥ޳ûҪ飬Ҳǿѣлƿݻ޳ԸǷˣȥ͵Ǳ֮ǰȡ
ȴûнܣ֪ǰʹû֣Ҳа취ûŻ¾ͺá
лǰǹ˿ֳĶ²Сȷʵ޳˺ܴһæӦõġ޳ЦŽ
ҲһŤˣ¾Ҳƴǣֽ˹ӻóԼһƿݸ޳ǻյҲҪ
޳ӹƿӣʵյ
⻻յͨɫȥǳЧֲ࣬ջգǸıòֻáҪʲô
⻻յľѪɣȥܱ֮任ģϻɢϢϽ룬ȥᱻ֡
ָָյһŵҩܹά졣㹻ŵҪȥĵطΪֹ
л޳һ󼤶Ǵ˿ȷʵҪⶫлյ֣ǾͲ»켣޵УǱܳʱ䡣Ŀǰ˽֮ǰǻʺϱ¶
ܱ任ʲôģǰɽһʵⶫƺܺÿι޵ľѪģɡ
˵һţ⻰û˵˱仯ֻƤϺȻһëǶ̶̵һ㣬ûһᣬͱ˺óһ㡣͸ëһͬʱȴСԭСһ
ǣԲۣꣿǰɽ˶ˣۣʲôãȻɺꣿⲻǿӵ
ϴô죿ǱһͷţҲȱһͷðɣһĺζҪˣ
˵޵Ϣָζѣǰɽʵ
ߣôˣԣʲôкô㡣¶࣬ΪԼһζûСǰɽƲԼ壬ʱ˵ؽ
̣ûа취ָζʵܲ˰ǰɽʹغҪˣ
һۣûؽûУ
ϴ취ѣǰɽֻܽϣ޳ˡ
޳εؿһֹۣȥһŵɫסǿһһ㽲ϵĳ˸ɾ
޳֮ǰ޵ӻһ£˺ֻһβΪطָӡ
ǰɽǺܲôһβͣδҲ̫ѿˡ⼸ͷĸ겻ģϴ㽫ϵϢطҲһӰѡܲ˰
ÿͷ޶Ա任ģġֻжβͱҰѣûȺ󷨵ޣûܻû䲻ȵؽ˵ʱȻҲһɽϾǺ嵽һΪ֮ͿԻûģ츳ǺĽġ
ԣΪʲôԣ㲻Ǻ𣿡ǰɽˬʵ
Ҫǳ֮ϲſԻûҪǳſԳױ任ģҪô𣿡ʵͷ֣мȻԽ͵Խá
ðɡǰɽƵЭӺ޳⻻յӣһ뵽޳ͷë׵Ķ䣬ƨһβͻʲôӡ
޳ȴ治ɫĽյУԼסǰɽ˾ֵĿУκȻһһӾͱһģ
⡭ҿǰɽҪˡ޳ȻҡһһȫİģϻкϢװ
̫ˣֱñ˵ģʱǱ¶ˣֱ·ȻһͺˡɵӣҪֻȥҡУҪһˡЩǱ£Ķˡ
ϴҲұ任һѣǰɽغ
û֧ţάֲ˶á޳һ仰һͰˮͷ£͸ǰɽˡ
ˣȻ任ˣҾʹǳȥһ䣬Ϥһѡ˵žߡ
λﲢûиһȥ£֪ȥʲôˡ޳ǰɽȫµòǰʱȻûܴĺ䶯ֻؿһۣͽĿ˺ϡ
УУҲһĴˡһ۷Ź⣬Ц÷
һȺɫǰɽСֹһ£ϹŲˬЦݣ͸Ⱥһ
СǸģôûȻһ˹ǰɽʵǺ壿ôôûԱ𣿡
˵꣬Ա߾һƬЦǰɽ˿ϵѾȥ¶һŻôһЦ϶ʱú߷ߵصǡҪǲᣬ˿ͳȥˡ
ʲôԶݣͶңҿɸ㣬ǿɲ۸ҵˣûؽ
ӴݰȻȻҲҵݣԺʲô飬㻢磬֣˵㣡ˬؽ˿һʮģѾܹױ任
֮ǰ˵ģǺΪ츳ȽϺһЩǳͿԻûǳͿֱɻģڻû֮ûô츳Ҫǳ߲֮ϲܹгɻĿܡ
СҲǳ߲㡣ǰɽɫ˰Ȼ޳ǲСɫһССĽֳ˸ߵΪ޿϶Ҫ룬ȥһ²һ¡
˰ɣչˣ㲻ͲˡԺԶһ㣬֪𣿡ˬؽ
˵˸飬ǺôҲǡ
Ҹи𣿡Ӧһֻ꣬һͷĿȸͷǰɽǰȥ
޳͵ظţϢ䣬͸ͨǳһǻĿԹδͣתˡ
һߣһ߸ǽڵĽӭǣ߽һǡ򽻽磬ǵԪȻȥڣʵмҲãã磬Զĺܡ
޳ǰɽЩȣ֮ǰȻҲ֪еľҪ󣬵ȴû뵽оȻŻ硣
ӭǲ󣬵ǹȥԶǵǣĿʼ˵ǵǣ˼⡣ֻͨһϸˣҪһǿı˳ϵнǵ
˵Ȼתͷ޳һۣ״ؽɽǱͨǣܹ뵽ɽϧرǳɭϣκʱѽ롣
޳Ȼ򶨣ȴ̲סӿҪӽɽˣ
ҲӣֱӽɽһǿԴǰһͻ֮󷨾ͱò
ǰ𵴣޳һ͵һͷʵǰʲôʱ򣿡
ǰ·ݡ
·ݣǲʱùŵǻ᣿


1389 ҹϮ
ͻȻõϢ޳ǰɽ𾪲ѣ𶯲һ㡣
ӣֵʵǰ·ǲǷʲô£ǲҲ֪һЩʲô飿㣬
һԵӣ޳ǰɽȴ˲Ǵ˿̶Լһ²ȫ໥һۣ˳Ĭ
˵ǰڤķĶӰ쵽˺ܶطԪ½֮䶼ϵģϵƲ򵥣
ڤģ޳еһЩΣǼһԴǰʼͽ˳˯״̬Ѿþûжˡ
ιΪʲô˵ǲ˵¾ͺԵӣζβס
ֻ˵һЩ飬ҲǺ޳ЦЦ˵߰ɣȻȥɡ
Ȼưոݣ޳˼Ҳù֣Ǵ˻ȥ
ȵֻ˵ʱǰɽ̲ס޳ϴôĺܲԾ㼫ڤҲӰôԶɣ
޳һ£黹ǺɽĶǲǼڤĻ˵ǡ
ǣ͸ˡԣһĳϵ¹ŵأշ˴ңɽ֮ضʲôûв´Ļ򵥣
޳֮ǰĻкȻһͷתǰɽ跨һ£ɽгʡ
áȥǰɽȥˡ
ߺ޳һλϣһ飬κ鶼ܻķʱһֱûзĽȡ
ʱǺܿ죬ת۶תƣҹ١޳붨УԺȻһ΢ϸ롣Ȼ˷ǳСģôӹ޳ʶԼһʶ棬Ȼ˰˶֪
ɫؼĶһ㣬ģȴݺӡ޳ȻϢ֪ЩСǵġ
˿ֻ̽һˣСġǰ۲һ£֣˹
޳Ȼۣһ˲˲ؿ
Ů˱һĿһŵһЦ㣬˰
Ǳ̨ʷ˵㲻ôͻȻѹˣҪ֪ԽǸ߽붨Խǲ״̬ʱһ붨һһ궼пܵġ
޳ûнֻ
ûб˼Ҿ㡣Ů˲˼ؽȻûкޣҲʧΪһ۲۵ûǣݣ۽޼˸ų˵ķ飬˼Ƕһ
Ȼߵˣ޳ޱؿһ㶼Ϊ
ǸҽкȣԽȡǸǸ˵͵˿һȥӡ
޳ûĻŵòŮδҲ̫Щʹ֪忪ţҲûֱˬİɣ
вɫع۲ȻϺţȻⲢı⡣
ڿڣʵ˭ģǵĿʲô
û뵽Ȼһ仰ͽҴԼżز֪Ҫôãۿ৵һϢͺˡڰһܵĪίƵġ
޳Ȼ֪ԷΪɶҪһСһŮˣ˭˶˺
̾˿ֱ˵Ŀİɣܿࡣ
Ը𣿡ȱǾ仰ŵɫһףŵʵӺСʹ֪ﱻҴĻᱻĥ
ǵÿΪ¶˵ɡ޳ӽ
ǸʵǾ֪ɽǰԪ½ûйϵʵؽ
޳ȻǹȻûġҲܽʵֻģɵؽԪ½ǰȷʵֹĪ𶯣Խɽ飬Ҳ𾪡Ǵǿ֪ΪΣ
ԭŴЩϢû뵽һﾹȻ֪ıǻ٣еϣȥ˻ᣬԲĵʵ֪ʲô𶯣
ʲô޳ʻЩ뷨ʲôԭʲôĪ֪һЩʲô
룬̽Եؽһرǲ֪ʲôǿɷϢ
Ƽ˿֪Ϊ޳ǲ֪Ϊ֪һ̧ͷ޳ѣҲˡ
˵žȥ
޳ıӰǡ߾ߣʲôطˣ
һһźӰ৵һ³Ѹײڶ֮ƣžһ³嵽˺ǰδӦ֮ǰصײ˹ȥ
߶ͱһͷײΣֱͦͦصڵϡ
̫³ˡ޳ҡҡͷվߵǰϸ۲һ¡
ɱվһԣޱ³һ֡
޳ҡͷʲô˶ɱģֻһûжǶɱģǲɱ޹
šƶǶһǽɱȥ
ɽϢʳ޳ǳʱ̣Ϊ˲ע⣬Ҳֻ취ˡǰɽǱҲ֪ôˣ˿лᵽץסɵӡ
ǣش֮ǰ࣬¾ʹ߶һźɫס
һᣬȵ걻˳ӵؿǣЩͣѾǱס
޳źȵ꽲˵
һ£ҪԲ㣬սսؽɽһԶŴһֱɽ棬ǰΪ𶯣˲һһСټ彫ţɽ޲󷨡
˶٣ּԼ֪һж˵ɽ𵴵ģһϹűΪڤģתԽʱ֮ģǲֻ֪ⶫ
޳һƵûǹȻ֪һЩֻû뵽ҲҼڤġһŸʧٵļڤģҲ֪ˡڵһ̣һֱûж
ȫѰһ޳ˣһ͸ɱۣɱҲһҪϿȥѾ˾ȫȨ顣ǵ˾һλǳߣѾﾳεʵ޳ҪȻƣܻڡ˵˾ʱȫԺ
ﾳΣȷʵһʵǿĶ֡޳ҲﾳǳͬһСĲ죬пرľ롣οһεľ롣øǿ֮ǰһлСΪ
ڽ֪޳ɽʯĸףһ޵ʹҲ޿ӡ
֪ΪִҪץ޳ƣδݸǣԼĵΪζ
ȵȻð֪СϢƣǰʩչǰԪݣȴǽ޳ˣˣһݲɳˣôŹСӡ
ֻëֹȻˣҾȻ壿޳гԼǰĲ²ûڴ˵ע⡣
ŶˣΪ޲ȫ߶ǰǱͨѡΡһֵѡϾҪʼصӭǡ˷ܵؽҲ־ҪΪһݹ׵ˣһѡοʼͻȥ


1390 ѡοʼ
ǰɽʱ򣬺Ѿߡһ£ϴҪѡΣͨ˾ͿȥɽҪҪҲȥ
Ҫʵ޲õġǼ޳һ㾪ȵı鶼ûУƵʵ㶼֪ˣ
޳ͷʵ㻹û
ǰɽͷһȫ㣬Һȼ֮ڸòȻϳⲻһ鷳УĽ䱸ǳܣҿϵѲߣһֱŲ顣
˵ܲٲܲٵ⻰û꣬ʹƹƹҵȥײų˽
ʱסһҿջΪٵԵʣ嶼ϵӭǣջΪ˿߳⣬սսؿһӶӽĻͷ
ôŲˡǰ⵽ôһ£ŪĻ̵̻ģסȻ壬ƻ̲סԹסջ˰ʵơ
꣬ҽЩǻʦŵģҽıץߡԱСؽ
Ա˲١˾㲻֪ģ⻢ʦǲ᲻֪ǿıţ澭Ӫʹĩ׵Ѳ߱ǳ֮ϣǵϲж
վһߣҪ顣ҶȻɱۣΪͷʨ˰壬װͰͰɵغ͸һɰ˵ƣ˲С
ǰɽ޳һۣмһšֺٻˣҪƽȥˣ˿ȴòװû
㣡㣡ǶվãҶ˸ҽȥѣΪ˵ţǰ֣һȺͷޱ˽ȥ
ֳྲһȺ˴ǣ˭ҽ洫ƹƹҵ֪ʲôһȫΪǱҡͷʲôûз֡
ȥѸڡ
ǵĶǳѸ٣һͽ޳ڵһ㶼ϣʲôûз֡ʱ¥´һԽԽ˰ͷĲ飬òˣ
Ϊɫһתͷ¥ݣ¶Цݶˣⲻû취ͷӵϢ˵˻ˣǲ飬ֻհ첻ǣ
ߣ˻ǲˣҲظôĶɣ㿴ǰҵĿôŵģԺô⣿ǰһװͰ͵ʵ
ǺǣãǸɶǾм飬ﶼһҲˣⲻǼˣߣƺЩºһؽûͬʱɿ֣ǸϿߡ
ɺջǺ徭ӪģӭõĿջҲǿǻʦȻǿѹסͷߣӭУҲһССıѣԿ
ֻ뷢ɧԡ˿̼̬ãҲûмֻӻ֣ǸϿߡ
ٺЦţë¶һĵЦݣھߵʱ鲻ԽؿһЩһҪӡ
㣬ߣܲ˵غ
ϣˡվҪзػߵļˣ˵Ҳȥɵ׼ˣ˵һͨһֺ˾ٵǣʱѡֱӽǵˡźۼ͸¶һϢ
Ȼ˷ܵʵ˵ģ˾Ļᵽȥ
˾ûǳأʵҲǳǿȫĽĶ󡣺ܶŮŮǣԼһΪ٣˿Ҫǣʱ
ûҵϢдһҪúñ֣ȡǰǡ䣬ˡ
ߺ󣬿ջָֻƽҲ޳ˣ˷ܵתͷȥ׼ѡΡ޳ǰɽ߻طУҲʼ׼ѡΣǱͨ
ϴҪͨѡƱҪпܻᱩ¶ɣǰɽǵʵ
ʱваɣԼҲСһЩᱩ¶ݵĶó޳౦Ʋ¶һ˷֣Ʊػ鷳
ڶ˵߸ѡΣһе䳡Ͼ;ۼ˺ôһȺˡ
޳ǰɽźǸϵ䳡ʱѡѾ쿪ʼˡǰɽʼֹǾô鷳ŻҪױ磬Ҫ˵ֱӱɱ壬ѩһֻ˭ϵó
ɱǲǣȻսҧгݵʵ
ǰɽһ飬졣ɲɧ꣡
ˣҪʼˡ޳ָָǰ棬
ֻ䳡мһȺˣΪһٷ磬ǻʦһνפӭǵһλųվˣһҲģϹааЦݣ޳ڽϵĻұվһλͷʨߣǱ
м˽лɺѡεĸˣʵǳ˲סԱҲǻֵܡǶһˣһλһжΪ˽͵
ѹֻ֪ôĻ޳Ȼ
˵ʵǳ߲ңǻѾ߲۷塣㵽ʱҪСһЩ
ǻӦÿԻûģôǰɽʵ
ΪģһǺõ𣿡һۡҪǵıë̫࣬װ磬Ų仯ģ֮˽ֻ֮볢һ²ͬķѡԣкôһȺ壬ϲ任ģ
ǰɽƲƲ죬͡ʱмĻɺ̧ʾ˰ѡϾҪʼȽвԣֻдﵽɷ߽پģʸѡΣûﵽģء
ɷ߽٣˶˿ƵؽҪͻȻˣȥѡεʱֻҪչɷͿˡǰҪɷ磬һһߵģǲž͵ǳˣ
Щʵߣʱɥصͷȥ·æˡ޳ҲЩȣɷȻѾֵһᣬҲһǳĴˡļ綫һɷߣȫԺˣ
ȴһžѡɣǲɽĻ˸ӿµıʣȻὫҪһᡣ
ˣԿʼλǰʯԡɺ
ʱǰʯӿȥʹЩʵģҲĵҪǰһ¡ֱ̭Ŵͷɥ뿪
޳ǰɽʵѹһԵʱõɷ˽٣̫ͣҲ̫ߡǾȵǣŮ˵ʵȻǳ˲ףֱӽʯűˣ
ãԽԽгϢˡ겻ʵ쳬ˣҲŬˡɺźЦеؽһ㶼ûǰӡ
ԱҲԺȻ𾴣Щ밵п͵ĬĬ˺üΡЦһɱ˵ˣǻûøľġ
ǺǣɺὲЦ츳ܹȵġһҪгǣҲͻƵ˲㡣˼ؽ
̫ǫˡɺĿԱһһԵ޳ǰɽϣ¶һ˿мعâʵ˵λǵԶףôҪһѡΣ
ߣСӣһǰɽɫò
ǰɽӣ֪Լô͵ˣôһɧ΢΢Ա£һı˲Ҳپ
ۣ벽ﾳǰȻһ޳ȥವһԭء


1391 
ɫһȺƮɣŮξһ㡣޳ֻо˶ҪסԼ۾
ֿôãȴĵ׵ĸ顣һ̣ˣͻȻְٸнĸо
ϴôˣǰɽ޳ǰʵ޳¶ֱģǺѵá
޳ȴûĻһһֱضǰλԳ벽ﾳŮӣ޲ýŮӡͫʵղء
Ǳ޳ȾŮӺȻתͷֱֱ޳Ԥľϲû֣߷ƽػûһ˿
޳һ̺Ȼףо˶ͬˮ͸һһƬ
ô£ؿǰŮӣȻ뵽ԼѾıòûϳҲпܡ
æ߶ǿźɫ壬֮ȥӦ
޳޳żغһֱûǻ˵ߣʶ
ˡɫһ£ɢһɵɫâȥ޳ȵǣЩŮӣȻһ㷴ӦûС
һעһʼ߶ͬģȻûзӦ
޳гɻĶôûзӦѵˣ
㣬ڤİڤİôܻоĴڣ޳ɺͬʱҲ֣ڤԼˣӦûڵһʱӦŶԣôһоûУ
ִ߶һ£ǻǰһڤ鲨͸㣬ûκβɻٴοһǰŮӡòʷǱ㣬ϴ
᲻òͬˣ޳һϣ漴̽һܣ֪Ǹø˺ûǸõǺãŮ˵Ϣ뱱һģһǱ㣡Բ
⵽ôһ£޳Ŀϻ֮󣬱תͷٿ͸ŵĮԭһģһ
ԪôҲˡ޳֮ǰҲȥѰȴ֪٣Щ꣬һֱҵû뵽ټȴӡ
ϴڿʲôǹﳤҲѣǰɽԽԽɻ̲סʵ
û¡޳лع΢΢ɫصղȷʵӦˣͱ¶
λŮ治ʶǰɽСʵ
޳ͷҡҡͷ֪ҪλشȷʵʶһޱϤƺǸˣһʱҲãˡǰǹǿҪȥϵĸоҲࡣ
ڤģ֪ΪΣ޳ѯڤģڤĳɢ΢Ĺâش
ѾͷЩŹ֣ӦǷʲô顣һֱĬԪȻ
޳һϲæʵ㿴ʲôˣ
ҲǿʲôˡֻȷʵǸˣϵϢҲһʶƺıˡ
ʲô޳Ŵ󾪣ͷ̲סæ׷ʵʲôʶıˣ˶ˣ
𼤶ӦûԼֻ꣬ǲ֪ΪηĳЩıѡԪæο
Ӧôܹ𣿡޳СʵõĴ𰸡
ڻ˵Ҹ鿴һ°ɡڸһ֮ǰòҪ¶Ͼǰ㣬ȫµһˡԪ֪޳һˣʱᱻɱסǡ
ţ֪ˡ޳еͷҲࡣǰȷʵЩӦˣ˿侲һЩ顣Ҳ侲ࡣβܡ
㣬ڶĵ϶İⱲӶ޷ˡģǾһȫǸá
ϴҪʼˡǰɽȻ޳ָǰ
޳̧ͷȥһȺͨԵǣѾǰ䳡ȥһߣһ߰֡ϢвûϢΪûб
ֱһ֪˾˵רǰμѡΣҪȥػ󷨵ѡ
޳𶯲ѣ˾ߣô˾ϵеĻԽԽǿкö໰ʣֻѰʸˡ
ҶҪżǩһһıԣȡ̭ƣֻʤߣſԽһѡΡˣҪҡɺվм䣬
һȺŶһǰ޳й۲һ£ģ߻治٣˴󲿷ǻûĿȻҲ١ϸ֮£ȻҲСʮˡ
ԷνУǩǰ󣬰˳̨ƽƽûоȫҲûб̭ǰɽҲˣǵʵҪЩ֣Ǻ׵ġ
ûǼҸߵġǰɽаңɲ޳ô̬ʹԼߵģҲԽ׶սҪϺǸ벽ﾳŮӣɾĺÿˣ
ϴ󣬿ҪһûѹǰɽСһһֵ̭ף˿Ѿֻʣ²һˡ̭֮һľǽһءǡڱ˾ѡ֮ǰͲٱ̭
޳΢΢ͷжͿԡһ״ҡ
ǰɽƳһŶ裬󵨵ؽļս˹նڴӼٺΪܹǵʮˡ
ϲڳĸλǽ뵽һ֣ǵǼɺ򵥶һעתˡ֮ɻֵܴǰǡ
˿ɻ湻סġЦ߹ζؿˣкüҪǸɵ˾Ȼܹסʹʵʵֻÿʤһ֮ܡ
˼Ҳֻܸ̾áͻ֣ᷢƺҲ̫˵㣡
ǰɽٺЦţֻҪܹͨͺŮˣû뵽Ȼز¶
˵仰ʱﵹǺܲζڵˣһŮ˶ԼԭЩʲô򶼴򲻹⻹ʲô
ҪͼǿһҪƽףô˵ҲܱһŮ˸ȥˣ
߰ɣһֵѡֶҪһ𣬽뼯ӪʱרŵѵҪѧϰһЩ򵥵󷨣Ϊ֮׼
ǽ⼯ӪȥôоеֵֹģǲҪȥ˰ɣǰɽЦƵʵ
ʱ𣿾˼һмأذһۣؽ
Ůˣ᲻˵˻ҩһǰɽˬغҪǴùһҪúýѵһ˵˵Ůһٲɡ
ҲȻѹ޳֮һҪСġ
޳Ͼ˺⻰˼ȱʱѾ뵽ʦΪ׼ļеأһȺһ䣬Ůһ䡣
ܴ󣬴̣ͨ˶˯ڵϣȥƺǺܺá˼ǣҪ˴˼ĬСΪ󷨣໥ĬܹɹھҪʼ˴˼϶ȡ
˶࣬ǷҲࡣ޳ǰǰɽΧ£һȺˣɫ˰
ϴ󣬿ǽįˡǰɽЦЦؽǰȺȻ⣬ǿǵ񣬾ͺѾǿеһ
ҪʲôǰɽȻװܻµʵ
Ϊһͷӣ˿ɱűӵͷֻӱ任ɸģǰɽǵã֮ǰڲʯǱ߲Ѿǳ߲㣬ԵʱҲǳǸݽɫ


1392 սħ
ͷЦЦؿǰɽֽĿ޳һɨͲǵƱԼܶ࣬¾͸԰ǽȱֵܣ֪λûȤ룿
Ȼϵıȴѹô¡ǰɽɫ˳ȻһȺ£ˣ
ǰɽ΢΢޳һۣЦŽ֪ǵСܣʲôô
й۲췢֣Ǵ˿䷿ʮңȴֳ˼ȻǰⲦģʵȴǿԱ߻мǳ˲֮ϣǰ벽ﾳĸ֣ڳĬ
ΪǿһǱյģɵӻһ̵ְϻ
ôֻҪɵˣȻ֪ǵĺôڱ۸㿴ʵǿҪ۸ǣԱǡѵ𣿶ǵԴҲḻԷָһЩǱĽĽġΪǱͷˬʵؽ
ҪԱǼλǳ˲ǰ֣Ҫô죿ǰɽɵʵڵϵĺβͲʱضһʮɵģ
ĻȴñͷǱɫǵ࣬ȴûǳ۷Ͱ벽ﾳĸ֣ҪȷʵֱԴղŻڴԲѵ˵Ҫھ
ô´ʲôԸ룬ϾͻԼѡѣͷ
ǸǣҪЩʲôǰɽ汦һʸסøǵģʽźжȻ֧ͬ鷳֡
㲻صģҪǶʲôֻǵ˵Ժǣǰɽ֮ҪϴĻʲô͸ʲôܷʵܼ򵥣ƽҪͿԡͷ˵Ļ̫أһЩ
ǰɽ޳Ȼǻ֯ԤıģпܣɽУѾ֯һСɴģԡ
ôʹһ㣬ԸԸ⣿ͷ˵ô࣬ļѾҪ
ǰɽ޳һɫѾز࣬ȻɫһߣԸ⡣
㣡ͷͻȻɫһߣŭصˣǿ֪ܾĺ
ǰɽٺһЦͷһһǰųؽôǻҪֲɣȻôˣΪҪѡǣȽǳ߲㣬Ҹλ벽ﾳǰҺҪҲҪӢۣ
㣡ͷͨ죬޲ó޳һ٣˵˵Ǹӽѵǰλ벽ﾳĸˣⲻѵԼ³ˣ⻹ñôǵ
Сӣںڻüͷ
ΪʲôҪڣǰɽϷʵؽҪҲа벽ﾳʵҶ˵͸ߣ
㣡ͷûʧȥһҪǺҹӵĶǳݣſһӾͳǰɽץ˹
޳һҲֻȻһӾͳ˹ȥǰɽվԭأ򶨵ؿһ㶼ûкµӡ
ͷȻʹذһ͵رסԼͷڵϴ
ڸʲôϿ˯£洫һȣѲߵĶв
£˶ͣҽͬһʱ̣޳ɫһֳַһƣһ¾ͷס
ԱǼλһվز鿴ܣĿȫת޳͸һ˿ȡ
ޣ˶ˣû뵽ﾹȻһǿޣԪһֱǷǳغϡٵģǸ߽ޣһɾܹǳ߲ĸָƣʵ֪
תޣ벽ﾳĸֵһοʵԶ޳ǿ󣬴˿Ҳƾž²⡣
޳ûлشֻؿǡг֮ǰûеᡣԴӼǰɵһоһ뷨ȻܹΪβܣֻķʽе㲻һѡ
ҪʲôͷѾĥػȥԭΡɫ˱䣬ֲҴȻȡǵʸ군ˣ
ʵˣ˿޳Ѿȫסѹ첻淢顣
ҵħ衣޳ģǳƽУͺһЦһ
˵Цħ裿ûɣһǳ߲㶼ûдﵽˣȻҪħ裿⡭
˵ˣԼѾܿƣʶͺҪըһһɷǳǿϵسʶмѹѡ
޳һֱǵģȴ쳣ᶨһεѹһ±
ǷԵڵϣ任ԭΣڵϣҷԸħ裡
˵ţԶǩ˱ŵɫҰףһ㶼ҷ˼״Ҳŵսսܵ˾޴һ
һЩʵģڵϣ޳ǩ±ΡһЩʵǳ߲֮ϵߣȻĴңҪ޳һðֻ
һᣬ޳ո˾ˣЩҪҲ󣬾ֻʣǰ벽ﾳߡ
ҿԸѡһħ裬ʱȥҪô˳ѡΣ뿪򣬵һ֮ٻ޳һʱ䣬ӦÿԽزˡ
벽ﾳض޳һ˿ŭȴǼɵʵ㵽ʲôˣ
㲻Ҫ֪ʲôˣǩֻ֦ѡҲ˺ǡ޳ؽǱƲѣҲ²ߡ
޶ϵģλ벽ﾳǰһͷȸ꣬츳ߵţҪһչͼĵ˵ħ裡ɫǳѿض޳ȻԸ⡣
ʱȻ޳Ӱ಼ųͷȸĥʲô֪жҪħ軹أ
ˣԣ׿죡ô࣡׻Ҳˣһô
ɱĻ򵥴ֱͷȸ۲ʶ̩ɽԥʲôϷɱ˲ͺˣ
֨֨Сɾë򣬲ˬضſȸ˼ȻΪʲôͬ⡣
СҲһŤ֫ŲˬʩչһŰſڵϡ⼸ҲͻƵﾳ磬ѾһεʵŰһ벽ﾳֱŰһ
ȸѾ״ͣɵģȱ޳ƵЩ޻Ҫ硣ֲǰһƷħޣ˶ˣ
⡭⡭Ѿ֪˵ʲôãҪˣȥͨˣȻôħ裡
Ȼһʱһ⣬͵ʵ㲻ޣࣿ
޳ޱؿ³һ֣ǡ
ȸ˳飬ٳ˳飬ȻȻؽԸ⡣
У˵ͺˣǻҪܳȰˬؽȻ˵ƵĻţҪơ
ˣ޳׾ͽЩħȫսˡһʵǩ±ǲ֪ǣ޳Уȴδǵħ裬ҲȨ֮ƣֻҪԼ飬ͻϵ
ڶ죬һȺ߳ŵʱѾ˺ܴĸı䡣ǣһ˿ɻܾﲻԾϸһ־ûʲôֻͬʵһЩˡ
ǹĻ߹ʱ򣬼޳ˬӣЦǺǵؽ
޳ƳȥԵʱⰵ˰


1393 ͻȻϮ
㡣
޳ɫ˰ֱؾȥкȻ𲻺ʣӲ
ʵ˵ǲǿλŮˣҿɸҵѣҴ⡣Цؿ޳Ŷ̶һҹѣĹϵƺѾúܺá
Ҳǰɽ˺һۣЦЦؽתͷ޳ǰɣ󣿡
޳ĿӱƿδིʶлһЩꡣǵͷԱȥ
ôˣʵӡУ޳ôЦ˰
ǰɽҲЩƣҡҡͷ֪ϴ쿪ʼ͹ֵֹˡ
죬Ҳû룬һͬǰȥ
ʱͨһѡε߶Ѿ߳ۼڿյϡɺվǰ棬ؽǿһ飬˵ϲͨ˵һֿ飬һʣʮˣȥͻһͬǰǡϣ໥úúҪġĻߣߵϣμһ㡣
˵ţ֪⻹⣬Ŀ΢΢޳Ҳֻһ˲˻ȥ
޳ɫƽվԭأһ㶼ûбӰ졣ǰɽվԱߣض˶ԼĶ䣬ѹĻһ¡Ҫʵĸ޳Ķֲ֣ʹв
Щ壬Ůûб޳շͳ޳ħ裬Ȼ˭ģҲĺܡ
ɺǳؿ˳ӵģһӣ߰ɣףһ·˳硣
̬ȿϾ˺пܻᵽǣɽػ󷨡ʱǵĵλ򲻿ͬնˡ˼ǣṧ⣬˭Сơ
ֽע˵һ£һȺ˱ƺƵسˡûнͨߣֱֻԤطС޳ǰɽ٣ҲһȺħ޶Уǰһֱһ𣬱һɱҲߵһ
˵λŮôǰɽһᣬ͸оġһ仰ûʱ붺
Ȼᵽ壬ûѹڣƽطУϹرҲûһ¡
޳ԱӻϤżԼǰһϢСŮ̬Ůǰͨ䵭ȻǸʧػ䶯ŮܾãǿѹסҪȥ˵ĳ嶯
СӣɵÿסȻû¡ԪȻǳصؽ
޳һ˲侲ԵͷףзʲôһҪң
ܸоҪ£ǾԼһ˳⣬˷Сġ
֪ˡԪү£ͷ˰ѡһᰵа㿴ѾͷġԪĵؽ
޳βŷģܲ鿴Ǵ˿뿪ӭѾкܴһξ룬˵ǻкԶĲвһɽڶ࣬˱⿪ٳĳطɽˮ˿ȥããһƬɫɫȫɽˮ
Ӧûкܶħ޵İɣǰɽĿëַˣﻹץֻħ裬һɽ
ʲôɽУ˻кܶħޣÿ궼ɽ˵һ룬Ȼʲôתͷݺݵصǰɽץħ裬ҸŶûУ
ѽвУǰ滢ֵ˵Ŷأһ˵ͽ¶ˣȻץԼͬȥħ裬ܵȻֻˣⲻͰ˵
Ҳ֪Լ˵СĲ鿴һܣҲû⣬ŷֵؿǰɽһۣҽҾ㣬ղͷȻҲ㣡
ǰɽȻڴӦȴڿЦŮҪ֪ϴѾ֮޶ħ裬֪ô
˵˲ҪԽôʵ浱Ǻ۸𣿡Ȼüͷˬصǰɽ
ǰɽһɻʵʲôԽҿʲôû㲻ܺҽͷϰ
治㣿ƣһĨأȻɫһҷأ
˵ţ˦βͣžһ¾ͳŶϷȥֻžһβͺƼڼӲͭһ˵һ졣
˹׷׼սǶûжڵȴ޳
޳ϸ̾һ£а벽ﾳĸ֣Ҷעһ¡
벽ﾳЩ죬ȻʲôѵѹɺϣÿȥǣͻϮ
ʲôϮⲻǵһΣ޳ʵ
ûǰ꣬ͨѡεѡǾʱ򣬶ÿζҪȥһˡͬʱнԼȺþ£һؽ򲻿䵥ܷʲô飬һҪͬУ֪𣿡
ǣ͸һӢԵǶûһ𣬸־߰
ϴôǰɽСʵ
䣬ôҶСġ޳˿ڸԶǱ˵״ƺʲô󷨣ܺܺõֻ̽Լʵ
ৣǰͻȻʼжһռͻȻŤһˣǴԽռͻȻǰ
벽ﾳȺ˳֣ʵȻôа벽ﾳʵС޳ߣʵģ˵ʵʵҲֻпȸ뱱λ벽ﾳγɾˡ
ѹô˶ˣԭôǿĶ֡ɫ䣬Ǿ£һǿĶ־ڵĺսӱҪʹʹսһ
ҪôǣҪôȺͻȻϸȻһ㶼Ǵ׳ӽĻ
ڳ޵ȴ͵һŵؿǰˣˣ
Ҿ˵ܿͻᱻ֣ʲôڰΪһѳϵĺڲؿǰȺҲ׷ժ֣ˬؿǡϿʼɢһŵڹ⣬һɸʴɢ
˾ǵòڴ֮䣬Աѱ棬ǡǵһ˷ֲŮ壬־ôġ
Ƽ޳˵۹⣬ȺؽʲôԸϿ콻ɡȻɾûˡ
ߣôĿʹҿȸͬû벽ﾳĿȸǰΪ޳ǿշбһ˿ܹһˣҲܴܲŭؾͳ˹ȥ
ΪֻĳһһۣЦŽ벽ﾳܺáС죬ȥס
˵ţÿȺ߳ı㣬һЦŽһλ벽ﾳỤ̊ˡλŮүҪˣ֪𣿡
ǣֻ˷ܵĹâǰһѲס˱㣬Զսȥ
ֻһ˲ͽΨһλ벽ﾳ߸µλͷǰ벽ﾳ޳Ͽȴûﾳˡ
үүúõ̵ǡǴĪ˵ţһ¾ͳǳ˹
ԶĻֵܼ״ΧôŮǶҪúñһ
Ͽյ޳ߣСѶԸȻ٣ǸǿԼҪСģҪ¶ˡ
Ÿ˵ֵܷ꣬һƺȥͼǵ廯Ѫɢ˿С


1394 Ӱ
ҵİͬʲôͻȻһŸշʧظɸɾڳ˵ɫΰǳ߲ߣ֮ھѪɼ벽ﾳǿ
ҪһϣһɢŮģҿһϧˣǲֵģ
ߣĶȻҰŮһˬֹ
ɫһصŮӡһλߣһĲмɼҪޡ˫һУȻָһ⣬һ¾ͳŮ˹ȥ
ֻۣһƤŮֻüһͺȻžһ£ڿС
㣡˵ɫ䣬ɱεԶɺϻԼֵܺһŮ߶ˡ·ŭشһͳ˹ȥ
壬Ȼ壬ǵ嶼ɺŭغ͵ػԭͻſѪھͳһھ޴Ļ
ߣɿɺ¶һĨЦݣ͵һԾͬʱ˫͵سǰһƣһǿУŻɺݺݵ˹
ϯʧŤתԿռ֮ǳβֻһ˲ͽɺܵĿռ䶼ס
ɺֻоԼΧһͣҲӦһ⣬æ߶ȥ̽ȴȵط֣ܾȻһƬգѹоĲ
ãӳסˣ߼һĻһ˵ֶʵ̫ǿˣһ˲ѣѾƿƬռ䡣ɺ棬ղµҪ˶þͻĹʱ򲻾ǵϵ⣬׸
޳ؿǣѸٷʽʽһЩ֣岻ͬõǿռ֮õ顣ϸֻΪܿƿռ䣬ȴ֣ᷢԴǿռ䣡
ϴ󣬻ɺŲסˡǰɽС
ţ׼ҽȸŻ޳ڻܱ¶ֱӶֻ֣ܽס֮֡޳ѾãȸʵȻرǶԸ⼸ͬΪ벽ﾳߣ´ࡣ
Ҫÿȸ֪ԼΪΪԼ֪᲻Ҫһͷײֻ֪޳ǿޣ֪Ϊ֪漣ȻһҲǰɽһľˡ
ɺһҽУҲ֧Ųסռѹեɾܲסǿѹ屻ױ顣
һǰɱֵȫһʽ˿ȴάôʱ䡣ԭǹҪ߸ǿǺ£
໡Զһ޵ļУȸųβͣһ·˻Ȼ鲻Ըٻò糹չûܰ˵׷٣һߴһ޳߿
޳ڰй۲Ķ鿴Ǳߵʱ͵һһӴһ³˳ȥ
ȸֻоһ𣬶ʱоһɾ޴˲ľأ̼㼤ػȥ
ǿرǿľŵûио˴
ʲô鷳޳䴫Ҳ
ȸһ²ŷӦ˷ܵصתͷһӳ׷幥˹ȥ
Ȼû뵽ͻȻתͷҪ˷ܵشȥȴͻȻֲԾǾȻһӴˣ˲Ͳܶ
ȸ˷ܵչβͣǺݺݵһʱһǿϯסһӾͽǵĹƸȥ
񫣡ȸи˵غһβٴһһâ৵һ³ȥ
ʱʹغһֻоѣҪըһûӦͱâУһ۵һ»һѪʧڿС
ǰԴһֵҲܵͬˡ߼һĻʱ˵ػ
ģɫʱѿǰЦģؿͷȻܻĿȸçײˣ෴˼άǳܡڿȸͻȻʵֱظоΡȸ´һ£߳ȥ
ߣı̬״ү㣡ȸչβͣһ³˹ȥ
ͺëȸظϵش¾ӭȥ˫ǰݺݵһһ貶ĿĹ˲ǰæ䣬һӾͳſȸȥ
޳ŵεĿȸΣԵѵûеһʱ
ȸԭŸսӴŹţԼԷĲࡣȻͬΪ벽ﾳԼϾȻҪԷһأ
ɫأд󣬽޳ԼڵĲ£һעβ͵Уǿݺһɨ
ʱһӴһӾͽǿ赲Ҳ˳뿪ǿİΧȦ
ɫһһĨأʼǰͷڵĿȸղŸ֪ûдȷʵһǿǳأǿȾȻԼĿռ֮¡
ܣҵĿռ֮ͬ޵УһﲻӮˣһйŹ֡Ѹ˼ţͬʱҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱʹɱﵣ
ؿſȸȻ¶һЦݣǿģ٣һжǸƣҿӰ˺ֵزɣ
ȸɫһݣһͬʱʼ߶
棬ҲһģһֻȻһ̹âһԶŻ򿪣ȻأȴԵ÷ǳáûãϾͳһɾ޴ѹͬʱһӴȻ
޳˫Ŀһһ˲˲ؿ˵ıֻϵĻͬһֺµľ
Ӱ޳һǼӰģҲ֪ԼӰѾһĳ̶ȡѾò˿Щ졣
嶼ı죬ֻееıӰ츳йء޳Ŀ¼ɫɽǰΪ˽ͬ͡ʱСʵȸܴܲӮǰôͻȻǿˣ
⻰˼ʵԣһֱڻǲ޳аæϾǲֱӳֻ֣ѡһ˰æֻǵĿȸѹ磬һʧܣ˹ƻö࣡
İɡ޳ذοɢһţһ˰ĵζĪ˷ġ
ǺǾбҪһ£Ӱ岻һǵӰǵҪ࣬ῴ֪
˵䣬ͿȸӰѾϣǵϵƾȻӰۣʸࡣҪͻƵﾳơ
޳׺е˼ӰȻǿȹȻһ㣬վôԶܸܵϱѹ֮
ߣȸȻҾͳȫǡ٣˵ţ˫͵һһž޴ѹ˲䱬ֱֱس޳˳˹
ӴѹһƥеƣһӾγһӴһжС
ȸҪȻԼӰǰȻ˵ĲһضûУ
ǿռ֮޳˫Ŀһ͸һɲš


1395 
ӴӰһɾ޴ѹһ㣬ѹǻŭͱһž޴ѹ֡
ȸѾŤƶһоѣһӴѹȸгڳһӾͽ·
ˣ֪ˡȸȻʹغܲˣ޳ٲ֣ƾҪˣ
޳һһ৵һ³ſȸȥ
һȻоһ״ʲô͸ķһϸһ飬ȴʲôûз֡
һ˲ɫֻԭһʹĿȸϵϢȻһӾͽĲظɢ
˫Ŀһ׶ŭڵȫžһע뵽ӰСֻȸȻйŹ֣ϵϢѹԼģ
䣡һ޴ĺʲôӴĶһӰһӱ¡¡¡ģǿҵİ׹⡣
ȸûüˣ͸оһɾ޴ѹһӾͽƸѹȫ߶ɢһҫ۵Ľ⣬޳ȫһ˿˷ѡ
أҲһǿҵĹâƾУ˭Ҳá
Сӣе㱾¡ȻЦ£ؽҲˣһµɣ
˵ţӰͻȻͬɽ¡նһɺ嫵˲䱬
ֵغãŭСҿ
ӰŸձǣôǿѹôԶܸоοֱԵĿȸ
ȸŷԼԷĲ࣬죬ˣѧֹһȣѹûñȣ˿̰ûѾѾѹƵػܶ޳˿ҲʧȥݷڣȴôҲ߶ˡ
޳һĨ˼ÿռ֮ǿӰռһжͣ
һĨζַǲȻɴѧ
ȸע޳Ȼ˵ͬʱȫע롣Ŀռ֮Ȼ䶯ԭƽĿռ䣬ͻȻܵǣһ㣬ȻйɵŤ
ǲǽĿռ䶼ˣֵʵЩ벽ﾳκռǳĻǱɱ
ϴ㲻ҪСֺ𣿡ǰɽؽԭΪŮж󵨣û뵽ҲôСȻŮ˶һ
Ȼһתͷһ޳ɫصӣʲôٽ͹ԹԴһࡣ֪ΪΣɫӣеĲͻȻʧˡ
޳˿Ŀռ֮Уѹûǵۡһ˿ɻȻܵȷʵǳϲû뵽ÿռ֮Ȼ벻Ч
˿ֻоԼռ֮ȫںһһӾӴһ֮࣡°빦ֻҪҵǸƽ㣬ͿԽӵ£
ϹһĨڱصõЦѾӰ߻ǳӴĵزǰԲʮ֮ڣռȫ
ľ粢Ǻܸߡ޳˵Ǹ˻ʧԭһЩҲÿӰ˿ֵ̿ûѶ
Ҫǿȸ֪˿̵뷨϶ƵѪ˿̶Ҫ˺ռ֮ǳֲټӰĿƣһӾͽ궼סֻоԼʲôģڵ
ˣҪҪȾ˵ɣȸҪˣһֻĿɳܵ飡
ͺëȸⱻһƵζզܰɣȻԳԵЦȸ񣬾ͺڿһֻһ㣬УѾΪǣ
ЦͻȻһ˿죬ڷӦһˡͬһʱ̣ȸϺȻһҫ۵Ľ⣬Ũң񱩣һӾͽܵĿռ顣
ͬʱȸӰȻͬ͵һǣһʮɸߡһ£Ȼɢ¹⣬֮һжȻʧɫ
⡭ⲻܣ粻ŵغ˭˭ҳͷβĿ¶Сˣҳ
һֱ֪ڰаȸû뵽Ǹ˵Ȼôǿ͵ؽͷתܣ˫Ŀؿ޳ǱߡĿ֮һȺǳ֮µޣʲô֣
ֵ״үˣȥȸҲһƢ˵ʱԵ÷ǳĪ⣬һǵ˵ǾʮһС죡˿ƿ߱Ӱһ¾ͳ˹ȥ
޳ܵͺëȸٽ֮ʲôӢۺúһߴ߶ռ֮ͼֵһ߷ߺ޵
ȸȴһ㶼óӣ޳ˣ˵ôˣŵغãôǿĿɽǿҽܵ𣿡
ʱŸоĺôŸо޳ǿͬʱҲǳмͬʱҲһǿҪͻƵģͻȻΪ˵ǼֻħĪĺô
ڵõĺôǡݺֻ˵Ŀɶ
ȺСˣŭϵȫӰʵ֮࣬£ģȻһӰ֡Ȼܵȴݺӣ
ȻӰһʵչֳĲӰֻһ̥ѡܹĻӰӰѣ
޳Ҳ𶯡Ӱ֮ǰ٣˿̸ܵȴرͬⲻʵ֮Ĳ࣬ϵĲͬ
ֻоӰĳ֣ܵĿռͻȻʧڳӰȥ
ܹ޳һһ˿ϲջģ
۾һܵҲʼ߶ܵĿռֱ֮ע뵽ȸӰС
ȸδӦ͸оԼһӴûһһ˲оܵȻӿ룡¾ԭء
սپ޳д
Ŷȸæ߶յȫصһ³繥ȥӴĻ򣬳ž޴һӾͽƬռ䶼ס̼䣬Ƭռ;ҷ
һ죬ͱ´߶Ҫȥ赲һģܵĿռ֮ȻͲʹʼ
ȸЦųǰһģβͺݺһ˦һž޴Ľһһ㣬һ¾ͽס
Զ޳һϢس۵һע뵽ǽ⵱Сֻһ£ǽ˲䱩ǣ糹
ͱܻҵĿռ֮ʳĩÿռ䲻ɣɱ׶ûף˭ڰг֡
ͻȻתĽ֣˶ˣȸԼҲЩ𾪡Ȼ֪ǲԼǽɱģһɺȻ
ϴ󣬸ղǿ󰡣ǰɽؽ
š޳ֻǵһΪིȴһ顣Ӱĳ֣һµʶ֮ǰЩӰǰһֻֻһ벽ﾳĶֶѣ벽ﾳ֮Ĳ˭ס
ﾳֻ֣Σһ˿ء


1396 
һյĴսȴ޳İи£оյĶȹĸˣ˵ֱӦϲˣ
ٵʮǡȫ޳һĳϷˣǾϵֵ
ôüʵ㱻벽ﾳȥܾˣ˿̶ûж
޳һиһڤģǳƽһ㲨ûУ˿ûɹһᣬȻڤ֮䣬ƺϵ
ʱתҪȥѰŸתǰɽϴ㿴Ǳߣ
һȺȫȥֻԶճӰΪһɫһȺʧƮɣǱ㣡
ǱãϲغͬʱɫҲһüǸļһڣô
˴˿ѷѽ⣬׷š޳ԭЩģ㲻ĶȻǴ󲻹ƺʱ䡣
ʱ򣬺⼱̲סã߶ˡҪҪæ
ı㶯Ȼһ٣͵ƳƣһӾͽ˸õ˺ü
Ŀ¶׹⣬һҧҪ߶ӰӰŸճ֣ͱһƻ顣ͬŮһ˫ַƣسĳ
ʱһɫӰȻɳСɽһصϡ̼ͱѹѪ
ǿ˶ʿˮʵɱͬǰ벽ﾳĿȸǿˣ֮ǰ磬Ҳضã
޳ǺɫĹⲨ𶯲ѡ˵ԭһЩȷڿԿ϶Ǹ˾Ǳ㣡ϵϢı䣬֮ٵǲģ
ǸղűʩչɫӰʱڤĺȻһ£
Ҳоǲǣˡ޳жڤĽģһҪŪ
ˣڤĺ޳Ļһ㣬ͻȻһ¡һŹⲨεسűȥǰһⲨ͸δʲôӦ
ڤЩʧ΢΢һ£¹ΪƽĬʱ򣬱Ȼתͷɻس߿һ¡Ҳֻһ˲ָֻޱ飬߷ɹ
˷ܵغǱһĮģֻصͷԹԵǰȥ
Ҳ֣֪ƢɺظȥߴߴʵղǵɫӰӰǰѹֵһᣡ˿źĽ
ɳĬٶȲ˵ˣҲǣϸȴֲ飬ֻ͸ڿϷһ
Ȼ˵ȥˡôȷˣԷô⹦Ĵ裡ǶԷһӶʱɥѡ
޳кЦؿǣһ㶼ûб䰡
һȺ³ΪֵܶѾھֻʣѡ֡Ⱥ׿ɲУһֱúʱ䵱ӣһȥȻҸ޳Բ·ΪɣȻܾˡ
ȷʵ쵼ܣһ·Ͻչ˵غܺã˭ûвһ·оյǰǵʱѾǵİ
ĵסĵطһصؿٳĳ֮⣬طɽô죬էȻǶЩӦ
ǵһεҲûô𾪡תͷƼǵı飬ЦŴȤôǵҪǲǺܼǶɵˣ
Ůɲô˵ɲظܻǵλߺԱ߼λŮҲһߣЩܲסĴȤ
ҲֻǿЦЦǺǵָǰĳ򽲵ˣע⣬ǰǵˡʲôطǴźس¶ԼСŵ㡣
֪ˡҶصͬʱǰصĵǣҲһǰδеļ
ȻصĳУΪͨʥǵıؾ֮أÿ궼ö֮߳ľۼأӣʲô˶Сһ۵ͷһǳǿߡҪ̬ȲãһˣԼôĶ֪
嶼ǺöģսСսϣֻҪֵòƽܡҲΪˣûʵͻ档츳˵ҲøСġΪһСľͱ˰ˣ
򵥶˼䣬һ˱㿪ʼڡǴۣһĳǽûУҪ˵ſڵˡ
ߣƽϲ򶷣гǽķ󣬶ǿƻԣö֮ҲͲЩˡΪ޳ǽ͵
ѵʱ򲻻ȥ䳡ʲôطȥ⣿ǰɽȵʵҪڳд򣬵жΣա
ЦЦҲֻͣ˵ǽȥ֪ˡ
޳ҲЩ棬һ롣Ÿһ룬һ󳳵Ȼûгǽȴһ󣬴˿ǽ룬ͺƽһһ
ͨǵıؾ֮·ﲢʲô˶ܹġһ£ֻɷ֮ϵ߲ʸͨղǵ󡣶Щʱڣֻǳ֮ϵ߲
޳ǰɽһǴһʵһǿʶ˽ܸ֣Ǵ˿ǱֱС׼סû˼ҵż͵õɷ磬ǳ磡
ǼǰǾʸûУ޳ǵȤʱŨ
㵽ҪҪҴ㲻Ҵɾ͹˰ûãԱߴһ
޳ȥƼλ׷ԲԵվڽֱִ
ΪʲôҪⶫȷֵģҲǮⶫھҵˣһ˲ˬؽ
ҲⶫȻøңǾǴʹ죬˭Ӯ˭ã
ߣд㻹ΪԼжˣҲƨ
飡һҵײͽһλͷһ¾ͳŸ߿շȥӰһ𣬴òɿ
޳ȥϰ壬ͷɿʰ̯ϵĶʱܵһߡһ˲һȺſ߹ϵüûһ£Ϳʼӡ
޳ǰɽʱһ𣬶˼㣡ٶȣ⵭ģѹѾˣ
һ˵ı飬ǼǰȥǵԼһǵʱҲʵ̬һûãϰΪˡΪ棬ѹûһˡǴˡͻ֣ᷢԼҲòˡȻǾûʲôֵˡ
ߣȥǵջջרŽӴʹġݣҲȥǱߡ
ˡҪջʱ򣬱Ȼ
޳֮󣬵һ𶯵ͬʱҲЩ졪ȻҪߣ
ȵʵãΪʲôҪߣεѡ֣סﰡ
ȥԺӽһ䣬ת뿪
׷ʣΪƼѡŵģҲپȥƼǸˡ
޳ؿ뿪ȴʲô鶼жʱЩա
ԪЦ̾˿ðˡʱ¡ǵʱҪȥǡ


1397 
ȥôҵЩʧ䡣ԸʵĺҲѹһᣬſʼŴҽջ
λʲôˣջС̬ȲǺܺãǹͷһ߸ϵģ
֮ǰɺǵóһҪ뻢ʦŵػߣ鷳Ϊ׼䡣
ŶǴ˰׼ˣСһҪȥػ󷨵ģ̬úһ̧ͷƼôһȺˣЩ㶡
ǡô࡭ǣȵʵû˵ô˰
һı飬֪ʲôҲܹѡ·ϾҪȥһС룬˭ʮ˿̼ǽʮˣȻŴˡ
Ҳ˵ȷȷʵʵѡ֣ͿջҪôˡ
ԵȣΪλ׼СķӦٶȻ죬ֻһ£λ뵽һߣתȥŷˣ
һôˣô෿䰡
ߣȥԵ㶫СԺġ·ȥãҪһᣬС׼ʳ
޳й۲һܣȻһĿջûͬȴͨղŸ֪඼ǳ֮ϣ벽ﾳСǣҲɷ硣
Ի޳ЦЦĿǰ֮ӿɲƽ
ʳϵĺܿ죬ղʱҲûã߶ɵˡ
䡢ˮo觡Ӧǲ𣿿ǾȻһ̱⿵ľʯ޵ľʯ
⡭ѹô󣡡ʿˮӣͷȻƽҲвʯƷԣǵһΣ
ŵ㣬Գ˰ǰɽЦؽɲ˵ģ뵱һαϴһǬʯ̫ˣһСľȫˣҪ޳ѹƣͱˣ
ͣˣһ£໥ЦǸղӣһ
ȽǣıҪࡣһ²ʳûȤط¿ӣ޳ûио֮ǰ͵ϮЩΣ
޳ûӣҲѯһ´ʱͷȷʵһЩԾ˵֮ǰǰǵ·ϣ͵Ϯ𣿡
ͷûǶ֪ʲô͵ϮѡǡЩҴǣڲᡣҺ֮ˣҪô֮ѡˣҪôֱӽ뵽ɽҲûϵ
޳ûнֱǽ֪Ȼڸܻ౳һ壬ϡ٣ȴʵǷһ㣬ƽǳ͵ĲΪС
ŶʲôŻʹΥԣ޳Ҳһ˿졣
ҷյľԤⱳ϶򵥣ȻԸ񣬲ðյ顣Ϊ֮䶼ǷǳŽģȻƽϣһ£һ¶⡣п⵽ȫı
޳ͷȺѡֵУÿ嶼߲μӡԷ٣
Ƿûˣһֱûб֣ЩҲûн˵ڰǰɽһеġ
صؽҲҵĵĵط
ˣȲҪˡѾҲûáдһ°ɡ޳
Ȼ̧ͷؽʱһҪСģⱳ֪ж˫۾ء
˼޳Ȼףصصͷ˸˼ؼԷ
ǽûãԶĸ߿иżˣӸµؿǡ
ȷǣмһλһźɫеʵ
ûǵõϢȫɱǱֻȸɱһŮӡŮЩأѾǷֿˡԱһλģ߹ػص
м˳һ£ؽСˡ
ˣڸô죿Сʵ
ռƻУ䡣м˵꣬ξʧԭءֱȥãԼŸҴں⼸˱ԽԽֲ߶Ҵ
ɷǳ֣սСսϣƹƹҵæģҪڵĽӣÿʱÿ̶ڹ
޳˵ķܿͱźáһ䣬һʮ˼䡣޳һ£ǰɽ뷿Ϣ
һ뵽棬ǰɽ޳ٻСɣһ󷨣
ϴǵѾȡϵһѾ뵽ǣ˿סڸڲԶջǰɽ˰ѵӽ
Σ޳Ҳϣüʵ
ԣĸǷӣϻƣֵǾ˵˺üˡǰɽ˵ɫͳзߺ޲ѡ
ⲻǰ취ǵøϿ뷽ֹ޳ǳϧֵǵνʵֵ̫ˣ
Ҳд⡣ϴûע⣬˵ȥ죡ǰɽ
޳һ£ǻܱ¶ֻܰнСȻޣǾϰ취
˵շǰɽȵʵпгǧްôӴľ᲻˺
շȷʵҪʹ޳磬շЩ޻ڶʲô˺ҡҡͷֻҪﾳ磬¡һһͼӹˡϵʱҾͳȥһˡ֪ͨǣ⼸Ȱշһж
֪ˣȥ֪ͨǡǰɽ˵ţСɳȥ󷨣ʧããҹɫС
һҹעƽҹʱ򣬺Ȼ޳ţ˷ܵغˣӰ
ܣûصջǰɽһⶫ۾Ǹܣ
ûǸ㣬Ȼᶼˣ˵žץǵ֣һһ˵㣬ǿɱСܣɱԼҪˣıԴ֮Զ۳ģһ֪ܲҪ࣡
Ҳô߼ԴҪһԭÿ궼ܻ꣬͸һЩ֮ܶֻҪ˭˭ģ
޳ҲһҲ˵ǴܣǶһֺ档߳ţһ̧ͷһ¡
ֻǿ֮£ǵӫ⡣ЩܣһֻֻөһƮڿУ衣ĿǳӶ࣡
ԪүģСӻŸհԪʱſԪ˷ܵغ
޳кЦҲٳɣ뵽УʼץЩƮڿзǳỺһ紵ܽǴɢ޳д߶ץȡоץөƵġ
ǰɽץһᣬȻüϴȥ̫˰㿴ˣóķװǿɿ첻˼ң
ˣĵϱȽ϶أóһϳǵòʧ޳ѹûе֮ǰǰĵȫսˡ
޳תͷһܣȷʵˡЩ̬ûжĹ͹ԹԷ˹ȥ
ⰵ˰ڿһйɵسĳЩطӿкȻһ뵽һӡ
ǰɽһı飬˷ܵʵôа취
޳Ҳ˵ֻصЦЦǰӰһСɱٻëãؿǡ


1398 
Сɣǰɽһ£ͻȻʶʲô͵ǰһѽ׶ƵģӯСɣ㣬㣬󷨣Щȫչ
Сëıǳһ£ͷԵؿֻǰɽʵ̫ˣǶ֪ҪʲôӦ
ϴ󣬿󷨰ǰɽԼ˵ѹûãæ޳
޳ؿһۣͷСɽܶעֳ̫Ķ
֨֨СȻԼһ㡣ëŵϣȻֻƣʼٻһâ˲˸һ϶صķƮɢͷƮȥ
󷨣Ա߼˼һĻˡ
Ǿȣ嵽ëߣֿڲСɣӶҪɳǴ˵
˵ֲ˵ֻصë֨֨һС߿˿λŮ˲ôð
޳밤ȥëһһӣοڵܱ߷һ£ȻᶼӿɾͲˡ
˵ͻȻ뵽һӣСɵƬռ
֨֨СɻشӦϵȫۼһ貵ĹâˢˢͷͼС
ֻܵľȻģһжһһ㣬ɣ͸һɲС
޳صͷԹԵߵһߣʼ֮ǰսʱ򣬶ǹɿռ֮идֻһ·һֱڲͣȫûʱͣú˼˿̳ᣬȸһ¡
ǰɽ붨ҲǰšҲû˼ȥܣֻСɽһݰȥϴ󻤷
Ȼ޳ԣ״򲻶뿪
֨֨Сɷǳؽ󷨲úãȻë򿸹֨֨˼ëһ˫޹۾ãؽԼǸ˳
Сɿĵؽӹϸ鿴һ£žһ½Ӵͼ룬ģ͵رһͳʮɶߣ뵽ͼ롣
һ˲䣬ͼϵԻܱһע뵽ӵСͬʱܵʼͼ˳עŹӴ
Աһ󻶺һȺȫȥʼջܡ
֨֨СһǵĶʱ˵غǳһëžһ³嵽ԱߣëɿֻཱུСֳһ͵һץһ¾ͳԱ˦ȥ
ֻüһƺߣһݵһ¾ƮԶգ˲ʧӰ١
Ⱥһͣһ󲽣ŵؿǰֻޡ
󡭡񣿡˵һЩţ¾ֵغ˵Ŀһ³һԵ޳ȥһ˿ʶ֮ɢ
ףΪȥƽͨ꣬ΪλôȻ޳
޳һսʹ˸½Ǹһиظֵ꣬Ǹ̶̼һϲĳΪһţǸһϦ֮ǳͻƵﾳһεţǸ˴ͳһ۲ţǸս˵
й޳¼һδ˵Ҳ޳ԼԪѾЩ˵еΪ˵ϾǴ˵õĶ޳ȴʵʵڵģһһ꣬һɳģ
ˡһԵغһ
λôгΪ޵Ĵޣʱ޳ĿҲͬȻһ֪ݣǴ˿̼Щħ裬еظܵǸ˵еˣ
ǿˣ˺ȻָԶպ
ǰɽ״ǣĴСɵڣǲܷǡǶ
ǣһȺ˶Ӧ
˿ܵѾ˾޴ı䶯Сɷǳؽܵȫ˹ԭܶչѾɱعˣڵãֱҪ춼ͱˣ
ֻ޼ȫӿͣƬͼ涼СһӣҲһż֨֨
붨޳һֱֳһ۲ܣ״εؽһָңģҶˡ
˷ܵؼֱҪһȻʶܳæ졣һȺ˷ǳȻŶǰһ
ҲָĽǣǰһһʼܡ˵ⴿܾͽˣȫ޳
СһԽԽܸˡ治յȼֱȵˣúŬСԺǰ;Ԫ˵ؽͬʱԪ
޳Ҫܣֻһȫע뵽ԪСԪյ㣬ֻǻǾﲻԾСӣܸо񲢲Ƿǳ˵ĴҪг밡ԪүҲǽӴܵˣɲŪ
ţ޳ֵʵ⣿
Ҳ˵ãҲĴ󻷾ˣܵĸоҲ˰ɡܸоѾûǰôˡԪ齲
΢һ£ֲԾֹͣ޳Ƕ˸ۣ
֪ԼҲСŵ㡣ǣǳԪ˵꣬㿪ʼȫôܣҪȫ㹻Ԫָֻһˣ
ô£ƺûвԾܺȻһɻѾ˸Ϲ߲鿴
Ǵ˿ѾȫСɵڲأֻܿƽľɫеȴһ
һһȤز鿴ȥˡǾͺñһվǱȴȥܹ˿
ô£ͻȻʲôһֿʲôһȺ˲鿴һ£ɻ󲻽⡣
˿̣ԴԴϵӿȥƬռȻһʧӰ١ͼֹȴѹ޷
Уȥװ˷ô۵Ҫ룬һȺ˾վȻʲôȫյ
һᣬԽԽ˸ϹܵȫһӾͽܵ¢ˡ
ģȺ˵ǽȫˡߵؽҪ½޳Ǳ¶ͳȥƴˣ
޳˿һС죬ƼΣ΢΢üͷһϢһ
ܺãûر߽׵ߡߣΪߵҲֻڰ벽ﾳѡ䣬ϵһ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣһ¾ͳ湥ȥ
һӴѹͬһŴһصһ¡ȺҪֻоԼľһȣʧȥ˼
޳վڿգֱͼԵֹͣȻЩ嶼ˣ͸ɴһˡ
֮ǰѾշ׼Ǿʹӽ쿪ʼ˫ĿһȻɢǧƣǵʶȥ
˶δӦʶоһƬ硣һԺ¡¡𣺡ҪôҪôħ衣
ʡŭ½֣嶼ǽģ˭ҲԵ޹ȥ˵ħ衣޳Ŀǿѹܷ
һֻֻֻֻԽԽĻ޶޳ѹ֮£սսǩ±
޳޵ʱԶкȻһǿѹ޳һæ˻


1399 ˾
䡪δȵһӴѹȻһӾͽܵĿռ䶼һƬաԭȳӿյشӿȥҲֻһ˲ѹʧ
˳ķ򣬷ɿس߳;ϵͷѹʹԴжϷٶȷǳ죬һҵͼڵķƼصսޣⰵ˰
ڿУøȥ̽ȻѹܾĴڡȺ޲δоһֲˣб޳շֿ֮ʼ
ص˲鿴һܣֿһȻɻ󣬵ûж룬ת뿪
޳һֱ˵òȫϻһźɫţֳĶ˲δʵò֪ǺηʥǴӸղŸ֪ҲЩء
ղ˵ΪﾳһΣ˵£Ҳǿ֪ǵѣǵˣֻһǿĶ֡
ϴյĲ˰ɣǰɽ޳Ѿվ߹ʵ˿ܵѾǰ֪࣬ǲʲô赲ӿԽԽ١
޳ͷСֹͣʿɶֹټȥҪ׷ɱˣëǸϵĶֳ˼ǧݣһ͸ڳշħ裬һղ
һУŻӻǶȥ޸мصлȥߺ޳ǰɽȥǡ
áǰɽջȥ󣬺Ƶغ˰죬û˻Ӧյ߻ط䡣
һϢ޳ǰɽѾջ͵õϢվſڣһޱȵؽӭ˽
켤غ
ţðɣ޳ͷתȥ滹ˣǵʱ򣬼˶ԺܼǶǾӰ˴ľӢǸ޳ܹǵżӴȻܡ
޳ǵŪõе㲻˼ڰ֣ãԹǲ飬
콲⼸ȷʵ̽һЩ飬ԭ巢һ¡֮ǰƺˡ
ŶϢЩ⣬޳ϸ룬ǰǼһֱֳֻ۷˵ʱ򣬿ϢδˣǾӦ굱з顣
źŮϢǣһǰ屻ȥԪջʲôʱ򣬱һ˷ܵɡ
ǵ˼ﲻϴɣǰɽŴ죬ŵʵҲûܣʱص¼ԵϡǴ֮Ҳ̫˼ˣȻ֪޳ǿı̬ھԵʵǰ޳һ
ȴǵͷĻǴ̽ƺǱһսб˺ġ
ⲻܡ޳ԼԼȻܹЩķҪ˵ǣȴѹܡ
ʵص㣬صǣȻûгϡȻǴϢģɣìͷָͳʸ֮ģ󲿷֪µ壬봦֮죡
̵ģ˵˵ĺȥԪջʲôˡô˵ԼĶҪһôǿʶ˵ǣǰɽߵغ
޳뵽ĬУȴЩֻ֣ΪλˣˣǹŪ飿ǲģΪҪɢ˵Ϣ˵һ¡
ȥ벻ͨʱֽһ˾ȵϢǻһ飬˾ƺҲܹˣ֮ǰԴ֮ΪͿʼùŹԽԽأ󼸺ûĵز˶
˾𣿡޳ⰵһЩ֪һһһ˾֮ͳ壬˾ճͼʵ١
˵һ˾ͼȥ̽ȴһֱ赲һ㿿İ취ûСɥؽ
޳һݣǶľӢǰ޳ĵ㲦ͼƷҩİ£ΪѾǳ֮ϡ޷˾Χķǿʲôز
룬һѡ־ͻܵ˾ټʱټºˡȲҪݾߡ
˵Ҳ̽һЩǴȥһҪСģ˵ʱգ˻ûһܹų˴ԣ˾ʣ޲ֻһӶѡؽ
޳һԭȾ;Щ֣޲ΪҪߣҪ֮ߣܡ
ֽһϢ޳ǰɽת뿪˿ջȥǰ֮ǰռ˽죬Сʱ򣬼ӯû޳ôһϴ󣬴ӣ
ڶ죬޳ϣܵ˾ټһ磬˷ܵţ㣬˾Ҫټˡǿ㣬ҿɸǣҳٵУҵ͵㣬֪𣿡
޳ǰɽؿ˷ܵ㵸Ůˣһô
ǰɽǰ´һ£Ȼ´½Ƶأۣ쾧ôôƯ
һ£৵غˣһå˳ȥ
ǰɽ޹ĬĬӣ޳ʼ磺ͺƯû˵
ˡȥɣûܳٵ𣿡޳Цȳţһ棬ȺħƺƵվ⣬շЩڡ
Ƕɢȥɣһټǡ޳һԺӵ壬ͷ
ǣ뻮һŵÿջڵ˶˳ǲǷʲôش顣
߰ɡ޳ɿǰɽԱȥҪȥѡεѡ֡
˾ټĵطڳеһ¥ԭһԶĵΪԶټǰսЩ𣬾ͱȴһǳصı
ǵʱ򣬺λѾ絽˿ֽվ¥ǰսսصšԱΧһȺ壬һ׵ȴģ
޳ǲòɹȥŲڱȺСͬʱ˾ҲԽغжŮŮôܡ
һյڼ˴˵ԽԽŹֵ˾Ȼ鴤
Ǵ˵еľ쳣˾ںһţǰɽָǰǱһźŵʵǻ˵ˣ
ֻں˵ʲôΰ˾ˣԱŭصǰɽǼƼֱɱȫһ
ǰɽŵһ£æվֱֳĬȺŮ˻治һĿֲ
޳ȴһĨȣǰ˲ǰ鿴Ǹˣϸ۲һ°ϢȫһձǸˣ
Ҷһ˵ͨѡεĻѡǰһλģǰ
ֳʱȫȻȥһ˵棬ͣ£۰Ͱ͵ؿǰ
޳һǰվһĴڡǶ棬˾վڸ̨ϣӸµؽɨһ顣
Ѿ룬㿪ʼϲǽ뵽ǣȥǻӭһֱԣֻҪͨ飬ܹǡ˵һһֵıݡ
˶٣ޱؽսɽҪȡ㹻ħ޾ʯͬʱ֮Ҫʤֻ̭ʮ˿Իų


1400 ɱ
ⲻɱ𣿡ڳȫԭءû뵽Ȼַ˱仯
ߵغУǶ壬ȥץ޵ľʯǵɱͬ壿
ĻŸ˵꣬һ۵һٶ֮죬ȹ١޳ҪֹǹپѾ䵽ϡһ˾ͻһƬѪ
жһֵؿǰǸˡղŰڹ⣬ǾҪģ
ôҲǳ𾪣ŵؿǰǸˡУ˾ԽԽԸ񣬶ʱЩµ˼
˾еĺ£ʼնûпڽһ仰ɱһ֮ת뿪˶˽Ҫ˳üϣԼףһ˳Ǽ
ߺã˲Ŵлعһܵ˾޴ĴƵģһֱתͷ޳
Ҫô죿
ȷʵ˳˾ߵĴܹܽģǵúǵ˼ѵ룬룬ġǵӱͻᱻݣɱӿ£
޳һ£ǽȻؿջӳ顣
ȥ֮ǰɽ̲סϴ鲻Ծôܻɱ˾⡣
޳ͷӦ˵⡣
ǰɽһ漴Ȼ˾飬ʵǴּ⡣ѡλѡֵ飬һʢ£֪ܲ˾ܻԼǾֻ˵һжģ
ǿô죬ҪɽֻӲͷƤȥѡΡҪôǻһǰɽʵ
ķ鷳޳ɫأķӲǱ뱩¶Ŀ̫ܶˡȷʵһЩҲﾳһζѡ֮ǰ˾ﾳһεΪοðա
ǼǰɽղҲˣǲɱġǲ࣬ǲɱħ޻ȡʯڲǻȥɱ˶ȡⲻܣ
ס£Һú롣޳ҲЩͷۣѡǱͨħޣùЩħ衣
ãǿһ취ǰɽԸ˼䣬һ˱㿪ʼͷж
ڶһ磬˾˹ǴɽٴǿҪ߾ͳ磬һɽɾûлͷ·ˡ
޳ޣޱ̤ɽƭ˵ĻȻšܹ뿪ô֮ǰѡξͲôˣ󶼻û˳ɹ飬˵Ҳܹࡣ
ǣɽȥ
һ̤ɽ˾˱뿪ˣֻʱֻգպû˴һžʯȥſͨ
һţʮ˾ʮţȺ˵޷ŭ߬ȭͷ޲һȭǴ˵ɱͬʱ˾ҲЩԹеľѾʼȻʡ
ˣ԰֮꣬ǰԸǵģȫǰκ˶ӣ޳
ǣһȺȫɽȥ
Ƿ벻ãԭس˼ˣм˱һźţɢһ˵ơ
ԱһλܼսսһԣĻ
ղ˵ʲô֣мʵ
ˣкǺ峤ԶףСһǰμѡΡܼҹػص
Σ
ƽƽʵǿƺк˶ġܼʵص
Ǻǣܼңѵ㲻ú棿һƽƽƽƽˣΪδһհ˺ȻЦ
ЦȴëȻܼһ飬ŵòڵأæµȥ˷ģ
ؿһۣؽϣ´βҪ֪Ĵ󡣲Ȼɱ⣡
ǣл˲ɱֱܼ֮ŵùڵϣ֪뿪̱ڵϣŵ亹˾Щ˼ԽԽĥˣ
һߣ޳˾ֱɽ˶ۼʼӪկǰɽһߴǬʹߣһƵʣϴǲҪԴɣ
޳ƳһۣԵ£
ǰɽĬĳԵ¡ǿܳüǣͻȻûʳ
߹ҲûԭȵĻãؿ޳ʵǲʲôð취УȾЩ޹塣
˵ţ͹޳ǰԱߴ˵¹תۼ䣬ϹһƬ
޳վǽҲΪѵġɽҪȥ⾧ʯҲҪˣҲҪȣ
øжѣǡ
ǣҪˣôõʯ޲ʵ
޳ЦֻߴǸϿ̨׼õʳȫȻĴɻ󣬵Ҳһֱ׷ʣֻÿȥ̨
ǵٶȺܿ죬ʳﲻһƮζ޳һ飬ӻͳһƿӣЩʳ֮ϡʱһŨķ˲䷢ɢ˴Ρ
㰡һŵһ˲˲Ƕɢʳˮֱ
ǰɽƵؿǣڰɣôó𣿡ӣȻ㣬Ҳûǲ⸱ģĳ̶Ȱɣ
޳һż˽һЩϲɢЩ޾ͻᱻʱһץסþţҲ˺ǣֻҪǽһЩѡ
ص˿޳ϵлǰɽս޳ߣСԭæһҹⶫ
޳ͷʱһЩҪϲһһЩϲɢ㣿
ҿܲסǰɽԱȺһ߲ſˮһŬѹԼޣ͵ضһ£ɲ⸱ӡ
޳ԤûûãеһһȺãͷǺܴ󣬲ŸտʼܹѡСؿӪկʶűϸᣬһȻȿ񱼹
ޱǰһĻһæ޳ⶫôôСӶ÷ˣ
޳վ۲һؽΪԿҲͣʯҲ١
æվʵ㲻ǻ˺𣿡
ֻǽһЩẦ޳ؽʱԶһܹСؿһۣ߿ʼ
һһȺ¹Ϊ֮ǰҪһЩ
޳ʾ˲Ҫ赲ǣӪЩĵطŲӿħޡģܵħԽԽ࣬һͽӪضΧˮйͨһ࣬ʳ٣һͳֺСħ̾ͱȱ⡣
۾ˣߵ޳ǰָؿķǿ۸ߣǻ
ǰɽһƼ̬Ⱦˬؽǿʳû˱ǣôƽȥǰ
ָ콲ȺѾױȿֺسŲƮɢζʳȥ
޳ޱؿǣʱ䣬Ȼڿն˫Ŀһ৵һ´ڿһ£žһɢɢ£Ƕס
ֻһ˲䣬ʱպͻȻסһ㡣ڽĸ֮£ȺͻȻʼģһѪһƮɢ
˾ֵؿǰһĻͻȻʧصؼ


1401 ²
ļڼžĿռԵô̶֮ʣǰɽŶ䣬ܲ˵غ鷳Ƕϴеĺ𣿿ٽУģӶ䶼Ҫǽдˣ
ڼУ˫ˮЩŮҲˮʹؿǰһƬѪĻޡ
ǽģǵļȥһͣ޶ˡ
⡭⡭һȺĿɿڴʧȥ
ֻȺڻѪޣȻö˶˵شڽ֮£һֻֻҲ֣˵ӡ
޳߶ϵĺɫ嶼ռǰɽ
ǰɽó޳׼õһֻǳ߶ſȥֻһ£һֻȻһһӾͽܵǲѪ
Ǿʯ˺Ȼ޳˵ҪǵĶʲô˼
𡪡µʱҲѹһԼţʱŭط
޳һ£еľʯӦѾ࣬ɿƣǸȥ
𣡡һõɣϣŭضſռе޳
״һȺ׳գߣڴﱻ˳𣿡
أһȺźβһ̾ˡǵǲûȫҲܱ任ܶܶѣһΣвܵĵ
ǣεҡҡͷתͷ޳ӿʱЩ˼ؽǰˣԲ𡣡
û¡޳ȻһѾͷƽϣ˵ҪʼЩʯɢȥ֮󣬹ϣҶעⰲȫϣĳ֡
صؼһ䡣ǵֻʮ˲ܹһأЩǰԸ⿴ġ
˶ǳصͷת뿪ģҲһȥɽȥֻǰɽ޳ˡ
ϴô㹻ǰɽ˿еһ£Ҳֻһ˶ߵˮô࣬ﹻʮžʯ
޳ûлش⣬ֻʵĲ϶׼𣿡
׼ˡǰɽ֪Ǭóһ߸޳һʵҪЩʯ
š޳ֻһ㽫ǼֻǬĶ˳ƹƹһѡ鿴һ£һá
ǰɽЩԪ⾧ʯʵǱԴҪȡʮţƱҪ˺޹顣Ծֻܳ²ˡһῪ¯ƣԱ߻
ǰɽɫ˴̾Ҹղֻ˵˵û뵽Ŀƣʵ̫ˣ
޳ЦЦʵҲֻһֺŪ˵ĶҲûа취˲ų²ߡϾʵڲӢΪ
óע֮䣬ͲֻһͳмʮɺáǴ˿ɽУܶǲʹôĶ֣ҲֻᱻΪɽȻǵñΧ۲ɡ
޳ɫʯ뵽УּԼ׼һЩϣʼ˵һεơЩʯһ£׷ϵڻҺ塣ȵʯҺ֮ʱռĺɫʯȥ
͡͡žʯע룬ɫʼײ֮ԭͬɷ֣˿һͿʼ໥ں
޳ʱעǵںϣٶȲҪ죬ҲڹģЩʼںϣڻһ塣޳ʱ࣬ſʼһذסЩںϳɵҺ塣
͡͡еԽԽȣһγһҫ۵ĺ⣬ʼݡϳۣصӲڡ
һḶ́޳ע룬Ƶж˺ɫֱ֮ſʼ仯ǿȣźǿϵس
£忪ʼתͬںϣͬıģ˱仯ԭƮɢһһţѾ߾ʯΡ
ǰɽҲܹоɢľ޴ʮžʯ֪
һֱճ䣬дԽԽǿԽԽںһǸ÷ȥԶ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽһæܹȴ޳ɫƽһ鶼ûУ˿սһ£˿
ֻټĵ棬ĶǺɫľʯ飬ʮԣɹޣôһһ£Ǽľʯʱȫˡ
мŮ߼ôһľʯŵһֱ˹ȥ
ֲָŵŵʣģ
ŵһţ̺ӴȻһ޵ľʯҪ
ߣ˾ˡǰɽˬؽôʯ͸˾Ǽһﻹÿڣʮţôȥ
ҡҪˡؿڣٻʹҪˡĹһαˢˣ޳ģǲˣȻʯܹƣһô࣡
޳β֮󣬶˽ȥҪ֮˸ˣһҪȥɽģһȺ˵Уƾ£ҲԸ˳ҵС
û˷ĻҲû˻һ˵áһȺһ£Ҳûд裬һֱƾٳλʵϳ˵ǰԶ
޳ͷȥҲõģȴɽһʱ䣬һ֮ʱٳ
лˣһȺ޼غ
ˣֵʵʲôʱˡ㡭㣡ðȻӦ֪ûǲã޳ļֱû뷨ˣɷϣҲε÷ġ
ºᣬ޳ǶԸģⲻ˵顣
һۣǿֻĿȸǣǼŴ˰ɣߣΪҲ֪һʼ֪ж಻Ըء
˵ţȻתͷ޳һ䣬εεʵˣҲҰɣ
ȿȡ޳ĬĬתͷܲ
ǰɽԱߵۣźϴŮ裬զ
ȥ׾һۣ޲ֱӰ˸ˣŮһ˷ܵؿǰɽεεذ󣺡磬ҰɡҰɡ
ǰɽʱɵˡֻպҪôʲô
ˣ׼һ¸ȥˡ޳ʰ꾧ʯż˽
˶ʱЦɫʮ˵УȸȻУǵʵһģмλǳ߲ߡҪѾǷǳĸˣȴֻЬ
޳Լǰʱ򣬲ҲһֻʱûôĸֶѣȻͱһָͷˣ
ǰɽһ߷־ʯһֹ֪ĶǳʲôģôһΪô̵ֲģôãҲǳ߲ѣ
ȻתͷϺһ㾹ȻҲǳ߲ˣǿ
ǰɽһۣɷŮӼƽϣ̧ǰȥ
ˣæ׷ȥҲͿЦ𣿲ҲԱȷʵҪǿܶ࣬ΪѪжħ֮Ȼˡ
޳һ٣ʵħѪ
ͣͷûഫ嶼ħᣬѵǲ֪
޳졣ȷʵûⷽ룬ѹܹӰͷԭħйء


1402 ּ
ħĴ˵һֱв١Դ޳ĸ׳֮ħƺͷһ̡ΪħһƺҲЩ뷨֡
ԭȵķУķḻҲ֣ħȫǶǵɴһҪҿ
ȻħѪʹ忪ʼһҪⱳһжڳ
ˣǻȥɡԱء޳תͷȺ͵ǽ
ˣҲء޳صؽ
޳˵ͷڿնʩչʧԭءǵٶȺܿ죬һͻص˵С
ܼڵǡһǣ룺˾λȥ
޳˵ʱ˾δֻ֣˹ܼҹ֪ͨǡѼ棬ܼ治ɫؽӹʮǬľʯе˵ߣǵһ£һǰǡ
ܼ˵꣬ת뿪ǰɽһ۲мֱǿһӲҪϣȻ
ҲԱߵؽֹūڣֱ˾ˡѹ˾˽ԽԽŹ֣һǱֹūŸӰˣ
ǰɽ˳飬ıӰĬĬ³֣ԲУ
˾һͲǺö治֪ȺŮ˵ڳʲôҲѹǣ˾֮ǰΪܶ飬ΪӢȷʵǺܶ˵ˡ
޳Ҫˣ߹ȥȻؿջɣҪƻһ½顣
ߣȴڿջʱ޳Ȼԭء
ϴ󣿡ǰɽ˳ĿȥӡһӰȥЩ졣Ժؽǲ￴
װʶǽȥ޳Ȼǰȥھ˵ʱ޳̽鿴һ£ֹȻһϵϢǳϤһǰսУҲڣ
ңԩ·խ
ʱ˺Ȼתͷ޳һۣĵУһ˿ɻ󣬵Ҳֻһ˲תͷ뿪
ǰɽ޳ͷ룬ͻȻһ˭ǽǳʱǽȻܿˣǰɽȴӡû뵽˾Ȼ
˻ص֮ǰɽ̲סֹϴǼһôҲ᲻ɽйأ
ȥһ£עⲻҪݾߡվ֮ûԶϵǡмɲɱ¶޳
ǰɽͷ뿪˷䡣ȥԪ꣬޳Сӣ֪ΪιŹˡ
ţ޳ֵʵ⣿
û벻һλָƵڣߣСôùԪү۾
Ԫ飬ص㣡޳εؽ
Ԫһֹһ䣬Žֽܶţ溬ваյضˣͻ߻ħǿơ
ʲô޳֮ʣʲô˸ɵģ˵ÿ궼ᱬһΣֻƺҪһЩ
ԪǺЦȻˣҪֽţʱȻҲı䡣Щܿ϶Ǵܡǲ֪˭ڱ󵷹СӣɵóۣܹôܵʸıˣȻ򵥣һܿµĵˡ
޳صصͷѾоˣҲΣķصڻ񡣡
עͺãҲ̫ġ֮ݷŲĳ֣˵вѵĿԡҲ²⣬пڵĳֻᡣȻˣǾҪץʱ䣬Ƚĸ׾ȳȥɽǸõط
ǰ޳ʵ
̫ˣҵļǱӦкֵܶһȥĵطˣǸСϢûԪʵ
޳ɫһҡͷûУֲ֪ǲǳ£ѾûϢˡ
ôû׺ϢҲЩϴλΧֳô󶯾׺û֣ʵڲ֮ǰΪǷҪԼֻһһֱΣͷ־˺Ȼˣǻᵣĵġ
Ԫĥһ£׷ȥģ֮ʲô顣
᲻ᱻ桭
ģ滹СӵĶ֣ȻΪôãôãͽˣԪ齲ǶҳҪŪĸװŪģ
˵Щ޳ɱ𵱳Լ龳еĿǸ棬󿴵ǸԼһģһˡǻߣ˻ȥЩ飬һͳأԼѹ֡
Ҳ룬鲻ֻҪסηչԼıľͺáģôʲôԪؽ
޳ͷлȻΣֻţԼ޳Ӷ֣һϲһÿһر̤ʵ㹻ˣ
뿪֮޳˼ķʽҲһЩı䣬ľƷһ飬ýҪߵķ򣬱㿪ʼ
ﾳ֮ڳӯ֮˯ߵҪҲõࡣܳһʱ䲻˯¡ǽ뵽״̬֮ǰһ겻˯Ҳ
ȵ΢׵ʱһƬͨ͸ࡣմ״̬ǰɽͳ˽ϴҲ鵽ʲôˣ
˵޳վߵߵһˮʾ
СӾ˵Ĺ˷ǰǣҪǡǰɽ
޳ɻʵֻһһ֧ôܻ٣
Ǿ˴ǰпܵӴһ֧ѣܻܵӡ
Ҫ˵ġСӺñ£Ǵصĳһλ˷Ǵǰǰɽ˵ЩмؽСƨĹһһĺãضˡ
޳΢ھضǣҲ˵һǳص֯Ѿãȴһֱǳ͵Ȼ֯ǣ˽Ƿʲô飿
ϴ˵ҪҪЩʲôǰɽʵϾǣҲ֪ĺܶ飬ϣܹЩġ
޳һ£ҡҡͷʱҪȿǵҪʲô
ڰżҲ˳ϣܲʲôҲ޿ܡ
ǰɽͷȥ˼šǼһ˿Ҫأ˵˾˾ҹ뿪˵ǡҿǷʲôҪ顣
ǰɽ仰еϢͦġ޳룬нСŵ㣬Ȼòı䣬ǱϾͬˣСΪ
ã֪ˡǰɽæȥҽ졣ߺ޳Ԫ飺ô
ӦҪˡȽܵаȻÿԽƾͼơԪ齲
޳㽫ôҪһˡаһʶ߻ϾҪˣ߻ħΪ٣Ӣţ
Լеĵһ飬ҵһ񵤣һתƷҩҪת֮ϲſƣƣࡣ
ҩ׼ãѡ˸ط㿪ʼչءһպҪȥǣ⽫ȫӿٶȡ񵤿ҵϣаǳáһ֮޳һ¯һɽһָ켸ˣһЩʮλ߷á
һж֮ȥǵҲ١һδ֪սʽĻ


1403 
ǻһξ룬ʩչŸϵʮǰصĳʱ·ɾһ㡣
ǺƯ̲ס֮̾ǰֻǣʱ̫СȻĴȴһֱûлһ㱻ˡ
ͬɴһ㣬ƮƮظڰУǶһɵУƻá֣ɾлŵ㣬ʪˬҲɵ
ʥǣȻͬһ㡣Ժؽͬʱתͷż˵ȻȥƽҲǰɱǿɵСŵ㣬ɱ¶
л֪޳ͷż˽֮໥չˣɵӡ
ǣһȺ޳հ¾ظ󣬽䵽С
ƣδǽصķ˵ʱֻоһ㵭谭һʩչֿͿԽ롣
޳ϸһ£Ա߲ûиϢڣģſھȻǿ衣
ϴ㿴ǰ棡ǰɽȻָǰôǶЩ찡
޳ȥǰһغܸߵĺӰԼһֻ޴ħޣԥƣ̫Сȥ̽ȵطȻ赲̽Ѱã
ѹôģ氵
ȥǵ߶ܵȻⱻһðģǰĿ޿ʼɢǰһжʼ
޳ǰɽۣһֱǰǸ޴ĺӰһֵĸоϢƺЩϤ
ɢǰľǸӴӰĿҲ¶ڼǰ˿ǰǶʱͫ͵һͷһһķŭȻ
ɱģ˭ɵģȻ˳ǰǾǻ
û֪ŭڣȫŭͫеӰȫǰͷħ޵ģӴǽڣһһڣмʮɣЩǽԤʾǵ꣬ԽԽ곤һβͣӦǺεȷ⣬ȴȻڵϣȻʧȥϢƤѾڣֻʣһǼܱ˶ڵϣ
һһĵǣǰɽͬ࣡üֱҪ˭ƼԼͬ屻ǹƷһڷڵҲƽ
侲һ㡣޳ְסļ򣬳Ū
ǲͨ죬ɳɤͻȻѾʧȥڣܣֲʯĳԼΨһ뿪ô޶ԡ
޳ļ򣬰ο֪һܡԣǸӦŪô¡
һޣǿ԰ǷҲ뱻Ƕһ޳𵱳ʱҲòȥ
üͷ΢΢壬ֶһͷ鶼ûô򵥡̧ͷǰǲ鿴һ£ѾǳԶܿǴԶġ
ס˭Ȼ޳С
šƵؽٴؿһǣһ»ص޳ڡ
ϴǹȻ򵥰ǰɽصؽĵ·꣬Ǻôֱʣ
޳Ҳأ˼˼䣬ǰȥڣǷ滹ǣЩǶɢһɲãϢѾꡣ޳ԽߣԽء
һЩھס߶һ㷴ӦûУϰΪվԼ顣ǽôãҲûѯʣһӡ
ϴȥҸջסֱȥ˾ǰɽʵ˾Ҳ湻ֵģǣԼˡҲͺˣźãǵܾˣû֪ͨҪȥ
޳һ£ȥ˾
·˴̽һ£˱Ϸȥ˾ڳϵĵطλЩƫƧ㵹Щ⡣
˵ԭ˾ҲǽЩŰȥġİǳǿ󣬳ŸղǻṦʹࡣ˿̶޳˽ԭ˾ǰܹˣֵ֮㿪ʼϲ徻ⲻͰᵽ˳ǽ
˵䣬ȻѾǽܷǳտأǰֻһģĺӰУӦþ˾
ߵر󡣡ָǰ˾λãǷûҪˣ
ֲϹӡǰɽֹһ䣺ŪأҲ֪ʲô᲻һʲôĵ
Уѻ졣ġ˵һ룬ȻͣŵָǰǲӰ
ʱɴһȻɢֳӴ޴͸¶ֱֻ۸߸߾ŭ
ˣˣ׾ˣӦæͣԼѻϵɥ֮ʡ
ǰɽʶȥ޳ȴӾֻ޳Ŀ֣صǰǸ޴ĵǣӶڲ
һţæʵϴôˣⲻˣ㿴ˣ
޳弱ٲţǿű˺ͷŭƴȶһɱ̲֮סĵð̼Ҫ
ȷʵǣǾԳ龵пľԳ¹ŵľԳܹʹľԳ
ҪźҪܣֻţԪҲƴѹеķŭϰҪ嶯ֻһͨľԳǣ㵱¹ŵضôˣҲһˡҪ嶯ҲܾǱŰй۲ˣһ嶯пܾͱ¶ˣסһҪס
޳һеķŭѹҲ֪ԼΪμԳǾͻôŭû취ӲҪƲס
û°ɣҲԸܵ޳ĲԾŵʵȻûʲôоܽ޳Ƶ˵زǰⶫжôֲ
޳³û¡ȥɡ
ٶȽԼƺãȥ˾Ҫʲôô󵨣ȻþԳӣ
˭뵽˾һԳǡѹûб仯ֻװһ¡޳վ⣬ޱؿǰǾ޴ĵǡ
ʲôˣǲŸվ˳صǡ
ͨѡεĻߡǰɽص
Եȡ˻ȥһܼҾ˳ǿһ飬֣ɡ
޳ϵıһֱЩ䣬жޱȿܣȴѾ˼άڹܼҺ˽ȥ
Գ¼ǲ࣬ԳĶӷǳӴ˾治֪ظûʣ濴ȫһߵǣ
޳˿ܣ˾˺ڣ
ܼбһ£˾ûգҪȥĵط˾רΪػĵطʱǱ߻λǰ֪ǣǼǺˡﲻҽ͵ҪϷ𣿡
޳˿һ˼ûУתߡǰɽҲ俴һ۹ܼңת˳ȥ
ǣܼ뵽ǻõĵĵط˿ߵǰΪǴ·
˾˾Զһƽש߷ӣ⵹˿Ȼʲô޵ĵǣǿɾܲˡ
ˡԼȥɣǰǶһЩȥǡܼҲ䲻ȵؽ˼䣬ת뿪
ʲôߵֹ˼䣬һתͷȻƼ߳ˡһ˵ģʱ۾


1404 
Ѱǧٶȣȴڻת˷ܵسǰȥһ˺磬ûȵļˣǾ
޳ȻȥһλӽӶʮ߰ݣϱ鵭ѹʶӡ
ɫһæҽܣǺǺŮ㲻ǵ𣿡
ɫûһۡĮؽԼֱִг̧ͷɨǰһۣؽԼȥҸ䣬쿪ʼ󷨡
˵꣬תȥһһҲĮһﲻת뿪
ԭأؿԼ֣ɵˡţӸôʶˣô᲻ʶأ
ǰɽӲԾǰļ򣺡û°ɣ᲻δʶˣ롣
ͻȻѣжãҵòûôܲʶ
ǰɽͻȻĴһӣεؽҲʲô⣬ʧˣ
ۣ޷ܵغʧðʧ䣡ȫҶʧ䣡
˵꣬۾ȥ
ǰɽؿܳȥŮˣˡ˭˭ˣתͷƼ޳ԼϴɫҲǲãͷʹգʵǲզ
ϴҪô죿Сʵ
ҷ䡣޳ؽ֣Ҳתˡ˿ʣ侲غúһ롣
һ˵ʱһж˼һ飬Ԫ飺ʲô뷨
ԪɫҲأ룬Ž˾֮ſʼḮۡġпԳ֮űΪһеĸı䣬пܾǰ
˵ûܼһжָǰɽ𶯣˾䣬һжǰйء˵᲻ǰڤɵģ
ԪҡҡͷпܣӦȫǡ
ô˵޳ֵʵѵбĿܣ
ԪͷԪϣظڤĲֱӽйȷʵпܻӰ󷨣ǸôԶ첻ɹŶԡȻžͿɱһˣ
޳£ͷ˵ûǻ˭ҾòԼ߻ħ
˭ڻ˵ҲСҲ˵ûйɡ˭˵áԪһ£һжֻܾ䣬ȲҪݾߣȻȴ˾֣ܲ̽˾顣
޳ͷҲֻˡֻǺܲ⣬ΪҪɾԳ֪¹ŵأﻹоԳǣ
ԪҪͻ£Գһ󶼼µУĵطӦòвǡûоԳǣǾͺпǼһ¹ŵģ
޳ͷһʵ˼ǣ˾ȥ¹ŵأ
Ԫͷܡ
޳Ĭ˼ƮԶô˵˵Ǻп֮ܺǰͱ˶ˣرԼıòȻ˿̲֪ɱ˶ٻˣ
ţȻһ춯һ󼱴ٵĽŲ嵽׵ƹƹ޳ɫһæ߳ȥ
ԱǰɽҲųԡ
ô£Ҹղź˺ǰɽɻʵ
ҺҲ˺СǴǱߴġָͥԺ߽
޳תͷһǱǺ뻢λǰסĵطüͷһ壬ȥʲôˡ
˵ţԺǱжޱ߳Ŀɨǣвһ˿飺ȥ˯˭Ҫҹ䣬ȥ
ղžǲҹ㣿ǰɽʵ
Ҫ¡ؽתȥ
ǰɽϷŭһţƵؽʲô̬ȣҪǲ£ӷɣ
ȥҺɡ޳
ȥɣϴȥϢǰɽһʧԭء
޳뿪ıӰҡͷЦЦСڿˡֻ뵽ǸСǰɽԺ·Ҳװ
һߣǰɽֱ̽һ׷ٵ˺䡣վһӱߣһطйš
ǻϴܵˮǰɽʿˮԥ˺ð죬ǰСؽһʲô
˿һͷҪ𣬼ԱˣҲ˭ͷҲصغ
ǰɽ˲ڷŭŮˣû飬룬Ҳܾβܣְ˵ȥ㿴Ӻˣúһģ
תͷһۣǳˬʲôĵģҪĵֲ㣡
˵ţۿֺһί֮ʵģ
ǰɽ鲻Խس˳飬˰ű׾ذοһˣĺδ޷ݣ㳤ôƯǺһ֦ﻹҲ˰
ҽʲôűӣܲ˵ʵ
ǰɽһ㶣ؿۺ쵫ɽޱȵŮˣ૽Ҳ֪ڽʲô
ۡɵ֣һۣʲôȥץ
ǰɽƵؽ⻹Ǽ㱻۸ûʲôܰӣˡ
Ȼɫ̫ãҲΪ㲣֮ȥô⡣ǰɽȻЩԼĶˡ
ӣǹҲһЩ뽲пġ
ǰɽ۾һ˷ܵؽпգ
ԱŬŬ죬ߣȥǱߡǰɽǰɽʯϣɫЩʧؿʼ
һ츳ܸߵһţСͷǳӡҸСúܺãһֱ׸翴ҲҺܲǰģǰǳᣬ̬ȶˣοǶҡڣҲˣ˶ˡ
˿ĵؽҺܺ£ҲģӸ粻ӦӵġӦǫѷ񣬷ǳչ˱˸ܵһˡӦħͷһ
ħͷǰɽͷһʵղǲȥˣʲôˣ
ɫһͣǽʵҪĸǳҴһЩҸղžöǵмǳضҲȥ
Խ˵Խߣ۹ֺˣ߷ߵؽ˶ˣҪú֪ǵĽӱ⸱ģһǳġ
ԭһǳŮӣ˿̼Сһ𳤴ڼҴĮˣһʱˣԲŻʧء
ǰɽ룬һʲôԭҲż㷢ûλǰ鶼࣬غܡʲôҪӰɡ
۾һȼϣʵһҪȥӸʲôԣҲȥһѡ
ǲĿԲûô״̽ǰɽźٴȥҺӵʱǱ
ǰɽҧκ򲻹˼ҡӿȥΪȻѾﾳһΣֻȥ޳
˵Ҳˣ޳һ˵ĻеһӦǴҲ䣬˾һ
ǰɽһ𣬶Ѹ϶¶һĨġЩµʵǲǱ뵽ʲôµˣ
޳ɫ뵽֮ǰֽŵܣؽһصı


1405 һ
صĲ²⣬ôҵ鶼ޱȡ޳ϸ˼һ£ǰɽϵв̽Ϣ
һ߰䡣ڶ죬뻢֪ͨȥһֱԡ
ֻͨ˱ԵˣſԽ󷨵ѵ˵һ仰뿪˴޳ʮɵһԭء
ǰҲ̫˰ɣǰɽۣ˼ֱﵽ㡣
˿ڵĵطһǳӴĹΡ׳ۣ͸һɵѹһɽȸС
ʿˮ޹
˶ʱȻ𾴣˿ڵĵطȻֻĵһ㣬רŵռ䣬ȴôֻҪһ㣬˵Ͼ棡
޳ǰɽȻûôǿĸдں˵ǵһ;ϣܹһǿҡ
ˣȽȥɡ޳̽һ£ܲûǿĴڣֻһߣǽռ䡣໥һ£̧ȥ
ƺƵãһƬû뵽ռ澹ȻһƬ貵ǿա޳ǰɽһۣһ˿ء
Īеռ䶼ƣղէһ棬ֻصĸоĴ󲿷ͻָɶģ˿޳ﵱУ
ϴ˵᲻ǶǰɽҲѾ֪ĵ飬Сʵ
޳ҡҡͷΪǶôձ飬洦ɼ𣿺ˣȥɡҶҪɢӦ䡣
һȺȥǵ߶ͷǳҲ߶ʣǺʱһ档
ûз֣Ϣôһʵ
޳ͷղͷˣԪ鶼˺ü̾û뵽񻹻ôռ䣬С˰ѹΪͻô죬ȱڣҪͻҲѰ
޳Ȼ˵ҲħѪҲܸΪôǿȻ̽һ£Ƭռ֮£ǳĴ⣬Ƹմһ
ϴ𣿡ǰɽʿԣôǰȲˡǰܵ飬£ֲҡ
޳һ£ͷ־裬ɳԡ
ǰɽصͷ뵽Сܵϵسӿ룬ģܵϵسӿ룬𽥽ǰС
ԶԶȥϾǳʮֻһɢӨӨԡǵ屻Уͬ׹뵽һůһ뵽У
ֻоڵӯͬǵıԴ֮˿ȻỺȴǳǿ˲ܺǵ
ȻǷһ̾˵ؽŵܵϢ
뵽е޳ͷһ৵ۣȻΧ֪ʲôʱůһһģͬөһ㡣
Ԫ飬㿴޳кԪ顣
ԪԭҲգ޳һУ͵شѹϸһܣɫһ⣬Ҳֽš
޳ɫһԼ֮ǰƵó˹ȥЩҲżǵġ
ǰɽ˽ӹҩųһ亹ղǾȻһ㶼ûоҪôа߻ħ
޳Ҳգ˿ٶҪǰỺ࣬һգһ߰й۲ܵЩǰڵյĲ޲ͬӦͬһ˿̻ܣǶĸоرѹкβͬ
޳ЦԷǴ˸ܺọֻ̃Ǿ˼ˡ
˾޳нֿܶһ飬˶пܡҲ֪ĵˡ
ϴ˽ˡǰɽһͣҲû˼һֱעܵһж޳
ҪǶѸٽ״̬һжҡ޳ѾܵԷﾳ磬ǰɽѹ򣬻װʲô֪
ͬʱԼҲ뵽УֳֻһԼܣй۲ŶԷĶ
Աߴһ漴һӰһ㣬৵һƮܣĬؿǡ
޳̽һͷ৵һ¡̾һϤϢǸ˾ζ
һЦȻνѡλɾ˼ˡ
ˣѾ뵽״̬һжǵļƻ֮ڡַһˣܼҡ˿ĵվ˾ߣСؽ
˾ֻվԭأûпһʵ֮ǰ鿴Ϣ𣿡
ڳ˶һ㡣޳һݣ˹ȻǸע⵽ˡѸ˼һ԰вǵҪʲô
ˣѾ̽岢ûһλ꣬ͻȻӭǵġ˯´̽պСڴԣꡣܼҽһһʮؽ
˾ϺȻһǿʢϢ৵һ¾ͽܼҸõɳȥ͸ű䣬ͬ׶һܣôҪϢȺȻڲŪ
ܼ뵽ߣغҲǱǺɱˣ뵽ǾȻô󵨣׼УǾȻҰӣ
ߣһ壡˾ӱ˼֣ϳһӴϢģȥ͸һǿʢɱ⡣
Զǿĺж˶ż˾˽°޳ǣһ۵ڣ
ҪżȻгһģȴޱ򶨡һ̣ͻȻ漣侲޳Ȼ˾Ƥӵ¸󵨣
˾ƺȻһ£Ŀ⻺ת䵽νĽкϡ̽һ£δ״ɻղԼܵһݲǲǴ
޳ҲǺݺ˿ǰˡ˾ԤҪǿ࣬ղŲ㱻
Ԫ飬ȲҪȻֿɾͲˣ
˾ˣһһҪݵǼػĿڹò޳Щƣ˵᲻ǡ
޴˾ȻһųŹܼ˹ȥϵɱҲƲסرһ㣬৵һ¾䴩˹ܼҵ塣
ܼʹĿڣŵؿԼ˾û뵽˾Ȼ˺ģ˵ɱɱһ㶼棡
ûõˣֻ·һ˾ؽͬʱ˫ֻ̧һǿĺȻһ৵һ³Źܼȥ
ֻ۵һܼҵѪһĻڳ˶ЩԾ˾ȻԼ¶ɱ飡
Ǻˣж˾ĺøг˴˿ȫ˶ħֱһԽĺ蹵
ˣҲҪװˡ֪Ѿ֪ҵĵȻ˾Įͬɽһصѹϡ
޳һ৵ۣȻڿգ৵һµǰԻס˾
꣬Ȼز¶ҵҪ㶼®ɽĿ˾һ˲˲ض޳´һ£˸ɻǸͷһ
޳ǰĿˣȻЦˣǲм


1406 ˾˭
ЦڰĿռ֮ڡ֪ܵܲʲôʱѾʧͷǿնͣͲ޳ЦһжƱֹһ
˾ϵĺ޳ЦԽԽŨɱԽԽҡض޳ǲмԼܹҶԿҵˣûܹŵģ
޳мؽЩˣˣ𣿡
˾һ㶣ЦѾµĲˡûбѡνǣֻҵūͶѣūֻͣ·һ
Ǻǣū˭ūͣ˾ˣ޳ض˾̬֮֮ԡ
˾һ٣ʵʲô˼
޳νҡҡͷûʲô˼ֻǺܺ棬Ǳ˭ū˶ѡ
ߣ֪߲η˾ͬʱһźǹѾ˿̿޳Ǽˣֻ뽫ȫɱ
ūֻͣȥ
޳˫Ŀһμæ˸Ǻٶȿ˷ָһӾͲ壬˲ͽסͬʱ˾üźźǰɽȥ
ƬռƶΧһɢһ˵ѹʹ͸޳ɫҲ÷ǳãҪ˵ȴԼѾסѹ
˾ؿʹı飬Цһֱˣûк³ȻüޣҲǷǲɡΪԼҪУǲһȺ϶ѣ
ϣͿɱûֻ˾ᣬһ޳˵ʶУ¾ʹ亹ֱð
ܲ˵ĴһЩȥ
޳״żغõҩƣ
һ𣬸æǰͺе񵤣һҧ飬󻺻⼫ƷҩİǵʶղǹʹĸоҲࡣ
˾ţȻ֪ǵƺת࣬ɻؿ޳һۣһСǣаĵҩ𣿿ϧѾˡڵаѾкܳһʱ䣬а뵽ǵʶУеҩҲ޼£ԣ׷ˣūͰɣ
˵ţ͵ؽϵĺ߶һħһس޳˾ȥ
һ£ܵѹȻǿ޳ʹʵ㵽ʲôôֻ壬Ŀһµģ
˾мЦһЦ壿ʲôϵֻҪ޾
Ĵ߶ϵĺȫܷɢıĿ¶޳沿ֻɫЩ԰סϣʧΪһӣֲô˷񡣵Ǵ˿ȴΪеޱȣһħһ
쵰˾Ļͨ죬κǱţȻ˿񵤵İǲڱаƣȴȻ޷ж
һ쵰ǲǱΪػ򣿼ֱΣ˾ؽһƮ޳ǰĿСӣ㵽ǲǸԪڵشҵļһ
˵ţȻ৵һ¾ͽ޳ס޳ɫһʹطлڲĵʵ㵽˭һ˾
СӣûҪ֪˾ؽ˫Ŀһ֣СӵʶȻǳҪö
޳ȴĻǵһûз˾˵еǸ²ǶԵģ
а˼һ£˫Ŀ͵һȻ৵һ·˹ȥ
˾һ죬͸оһӴһ³Լ¾˺üŵؿ޳
㣡ûбаƣ
޳һ壬һ𣬽ϵĺȫɢؽⵥϷڵǵʱ֪ˡ
㡭˾ڳһĨɫҲֻһ˲ͻָ򶨡ͬʱһĨϲɫҾϲִˣҵūͰɣһ㣡
޳ûлشֻǽܷɢһӾͽϵĺɢǴһȫĵطؿǰˣЦҵҪһūͣʣ
㣡˾ûһ£Ҳٷϻ޳͹˹ͬһŴһ۵һ¾ͳ޳
޳̤һȻе˫ȭУֱֱس˾˹ȥ
أ޴ײܶһ¾ͱƷȥ˺Զͣ¡
޳˾ˣ˺ü޳ãǱǿ󣬴˿ҲǱֱ۷ѡ
˾ͻôܹȣ˿ǰ˺ôһ飬ѪȻѾˡ
Ȼ޳ôǿһӻеģ˾ɫѾһƬؿ޳û뵽㾹Ȼѹǽ巭ûҳ
޳ûн¶ǳ飬֪ѾûйϵһҪһֻݵԱɿس˾ȥ
ȻĻһ৵һס˾˾ɫȻ䣬ŵؿתôͻôǿˣ
޳غһ֣һ˲Ȼѹһӱǿ˺ü৵һ³˾ʶȥ
˾кɫһţָηɿƮȥͬʱ͵һģ৵سһƬԶͼΣһȽȽ
޳˫һӰﾳһεӰǰ۳ӰҪǿ˲֪ٱ˿̲һ֣ܶһƬУʼָӣ
˾ϹһĨ̵ЦؽСӣ̫ˣȻҾ㿴ʲôʵ
˵ȻǣӰҲűܵѹǿ̼伱׳Ƭռ䶼ѹס
ռ䲢СһƬӰȻƬռ䶼ѹˣôҵĶµسǰɽ߿˿Сʵϴва
꣬Ҫ᲻ҷʲô飬ֻҪסԼͺãҪϴ鷳ǰɽͬʱĵٻܵĿռ䵱СȻ޳Ѿ¶ˣҲûʲôڲصˣ
æͷҽӴѹ֮£ǲŷԼȻôһ
ֱӰѹ޳˿ɫҲǳءǰƬռѾ׿ơ޳ԼܵѾʼŤڳ˾ȥ
һݣ˾ַͬͬÿռ֮Ѹ˼һһ𣬱Ҳչ¶һԶžͼͬĺ嫣ͬأ֮˾Ǹȴһֲѹ
˾էһ޳Զžͼһ£ЦԭˣԭˣҵΪ⣬ԭˣ
˵˺üԭˣ޳Ī˭
ܻųȥԼȥɣϧҲӰҲܻ뿪˾˵ţ͵س޳ͬʱ¾Ȼ৵һ뱳ͼֱֱس޳ɳ
һӴѹ˲佫ܶס޳ֻоһͣܵͲ֮ǣһӴŤ֮ӿ
ǿѹ˲޳ֻоԼڱŤһһ£Ҫѡ
ϴ󣡡Զǰɽŵɫףֻ޳徹ȻɲǼ䣬ͱŤһ黨һ


1407 Կ
޴Ť֮˷޳ҧԼȫע뵽УԼ飡
Ȼӵв壬ǶԷ£ֲӰԿ϶һ壬һᱻ飡ʱɾ𣬽Ҫױĥ䣡
ߣû˿Զҵŭ޳ҪٷˣҲܵ࣡˾ؽ͵һﾳһεƳױӰɲǼʵ࣬ѹԽԽǿԶǰɽ˶ѹƵصڵϣѹܷ
֮ģӴŤ֮޳ֻоԼѣǿ壬Ȼתôʶ
òסʶϵҪ࣬һӾͱøŤ
УҧױֻüĽһһҫ۵ĽɫȻֱֱسܷɢ
̼䣬һεѹ¡ܵŤ֮ɢࡣ޳ϵѹټæԱһԶǰɽһϡٲæǶᱻǿѹѹ
ôôֲǰɽòܹüʵ
ɫҰףһ˲˲ض˾ȴǶǰɽģÿռ֮Ѫܵӵ˼¡ԣͬȴǿļʮٱ˵ܲǿ𣿡
ǰɽ˿ŵؿ˾ֿǣǿ湻̬ģֱҼϴˣ
У޳Ѿ̬ˣȻҪֲ˱ˣʲôѪûдеͨ꣬ĽĽ˿ҲĽʺ޵ʱǰʽǷǳʲô취
Ӱûʲô㣿ǰɽʵ
һ㶣ɿػ˵Ӱʲô㡣ˣǱǿĶ֣
̵ģʲô㣿ǿĶ֣ⲻǷϻǰɽۣҪЦˡ峤庢ӵ˵δҲ̫Ц˵㣡
ȴһؽģҸײƭҡֻҪǿӰܹѹƣ
Զ޳һѹƣһͷ̧ͷһǰ˾һ뷨
ʱȻнİæȻ˾ѹơӰ˿̱Ҫǿ˺üʮҲﾳһ֮ȥƴǿĶְɣ
нȫˢһּǧӰˢˢǧһγһΧȦ޳Χס
˾һ£ȻЦ˵Ź֣տȷʵˡĻӲϡҵҪܲǿùҵģ
˵ţ͵سǰ̤һӰ˵һױ
ӴѹϮͬʱ޳߶৵һע뵽ǧС̼䣬ǧıˢˢˢðһƬ⣬һԶžͼȻ֡
޳ץʱסһ
䣡Ӱʼ𣬽ܶǿ֮¡ǧϵͣϹһγһƬ
˾־ڱصõЦϣԭƥеѹƣȻвϼơò޳ıȷʵϡ
ʱҾ͸о⣬ȷʵˡֻǣûˡһսɡ˾Ȼһ˿Ҳֻһ˲ֱ顣
޳ȴĻ𶯵ͷһĻʲô˼Ǻ֮ǰʶ
Ѹ˼еǸ뷨ԽԽǿң˾϶˾һ֮ǰĸˣͷˣ˭
᲻棿һݣҷ棬Ҫѹ÷ô󾢡
Сӣģڹ㣡ԪȻѵ
޳һݣȻ̧ͷֻоһӴѹ˲䳯Լæ߶Ӱȥ
ǧӰ˲һƬϳһӴķǽǵݺݵײһһ޴ıըֱӽƬռ䶼𶯵زϲ
ǿȥ޳ǰɽ˺ͬʱתȫע뵽ڶӰС伸ӰǿҵĽ⣬һǿĹӴŭıһ˾ȥ
˾һĨ˷ܣڵĺսҲ׼һȻڿնѣ֮ǼƣԭȵﾳһΣȻֱ
ףнף۷壡һ磬һӾͻƵﾳΣƻڲϷ賤ͬһһͣͺҪһ
ͻƣ޳ɫһǸõͷĳһ˾ͻƵﾳΣأǿͻƣ
ǿͻƣģѵҲط޳ߺޣһͷǳΣˣ˾ӰҲ֮ǿղ޳ǧ֮࿹Ļ˿ֱȶԷ˼ʮ⻹ô
˾ڿУ翴һֻһ㿴޳ؽܱƵʹطҲĿˣ
˵ţſ˫֡˫ֵĶȻҲһӰ֣Ҳ̧˫֣Ҫ߳һ𽥱ʵ
ͬʱй޿ƥеһ³ȥӵſڵǰɽһ𷭣ͨһ¾͸ײɵ档
ãСӣŭѾΪʵˣ㵲סԪȻżغվԪϲ֪Ǻá
Ȼһ˲޳͸оԼʶһʹĹûгֻ֣ѣоʹ̣Ҫ˾Ķ֣̼ͱĵ
УֻҳˣԪͻȻһҧ۵һ絽ԪСһ½ٲ޳СסһҪס
ʧˣôҲû뵽ԷȻͻȻƽ⣡ģսҲ֪ط˶ˣôܹͻȻƽĹ̥Ԫߣһ߶һߴ߶ٲ
Сӣҽ㣬ԿܲܵסԪ麰
ã޳˿ѾȫѹƣҲܾ˿̽Ҳû˼أȻȥ˵ͼԪ鴫
ע뵽ӰУ̼ӰĹâǸԶžˣξȻһЩҲʵһ㡣
޳һһԵؽȫע뵽ӰС
˾ƼĶһ۾ҲǿˣˡڹȻ
ǰڻɣ˿̼ͻȻǿõ֤ʵĹ±Ӱ͵̧˫֣޳ݺݵ˹ȥ
һӴȻֱֱ޳Զžˡ
޳ֻоʶһ𣬶۵ؿһѪԴһ裬ûȥǸԶžӰԭЩʵ壬ͻȻð࣬ûֱӱ顣
СӣԪ龪һҲżѣģǸ˵ڰǰ
òˣһﾳһǿͻƵﾳεͨߣܽôƫƫǸа߶ٲ¡¡죬һԴԴϵע뵽޳ڡ
ЩŸע뵽ԶžӰУͱ˾Ӱһȭɢ޳зŭȴһ취ûУԼʶȻҲѹˣǱʲôʹ
Ԫ״ҧҧܲôˣֻܶԪˣ


1408 Ԫ
Ԫ飬ɣ޳ԪĻһȻ֪ԪǺηƾֱôﶨȻ򵥣һʵܵ޴鷳ԪһֱڱԪ⵽Σգ
˵ˣ㶼ҪˣҪⶦʲôãԪؽԪүԭһΣһΣʮģһú
Ԫ顭޳𶯲ѣۿĪЩᣬȴʲôˣԪĶ飬ôǣ
СӣҲ죬Ҳһǣ治һͻ£ǿԪүӲǻ浱Ǻ۸ǲ
Ԫ˵ţ͵һƮԪ棬ٲȫһע뵽ԪС
̼䣬Ԫϱһҫ۵Ľ⣬ͬ貵̫һ㡣Ԫ˫ۣ˫ֲϵŸ־ﲻϣһƷĲϵƮԪС
ˣƵע룬Ԫʼ˲һӴѹ৵һ³汬
˾˫۳һž޴Ҫ޳޳ڵ͵һ壬ûײɳȥ
ɫ৵һ䣬ŵؿ޳ʵڵģôǿ󣡡
ߣԪүү㣡ԪһȣָԪ৵һ·˳ӵĴͬһһڿлתԪתһɫĹԲϵسӡ
Ԫ֮ϣõԪ顣һλһӭǰĵˡ
޳һԪҲǵһԪ档ô꣬ԪڿվǰҲкܶжҲӵģ
˾һͻȻֵһֻ壬˫ۺȻһ⣬ϲغӵжĵ
ݵؽĿ޳ϣؽСӣϵĶȻ١Ҫˣ
еΣУֻѾ֮ˣ
СҪԪүܹƿصˣԪ鲻мؿһۣʵܹƿ˻ûأֻԸ⣬ûǿԸģ
˾һԪ˵ϲ۾ȫĶ飿Ǽ񵽱ˣ
˵ţٱȫɢɭӰ̼ʵࡣƴҪ
޳ɫһݣҪȴԪСӣȫңǾͺúýѵѵ֪ߵغļһ
ã޳һע뵽УȻ৵һע뵽ԪС
̼䣬Ԫ˵һ£ϵĽʵࡣԪƯԪ棬ɿ˫֣һķɿƮԪϿսһͼͼһʼתطǳȥԽתԽ죬Ȼͬһһͼķɿתγһɾ޴ԪϵĽⶼ
޳һЩؿһĻԭΪԪ뵽Ԫйû뵽ȻֱվԪ棬ͼԪе˳
㵽ǲǶ飿Զ˾һĻҲһֽؿԪ顣ͬʱд߶Ӱ׼һ
Ԫֻǲмؿһۣһ£৵ע뵽ͼУͬʱ˫͵һС
ֻһ˲䣬ǵͱԪмϣһӴѹ˲䳯ܳ嵴һӾͳ˾ȥ
ģ˾ɫһϵȫע뵽ӰĵУî˾Ž⹥ȥ
أ޴ŸܵĿռͻȻŤһε৵رһɾ͵Ŀ硣
˾Ȼ黯뵽ռ䵱һȻŤ֮תſɿسԪԪȥ
룡޳ɫһݣ৵һ³Ԫȥ˵ȻҴԪע⣬Ӧ
޳û嵽Ԫǰͱһ˦˳Ԫ治ҪϴҲѵѵЩ֪ߵغļһ
˵ţ˫ֳǰݺһץȻõͼץСԪչĽһβһͼУɢӴ
޳״æȫޱسԪע롣
תԪʵһͼںһͼдһɾ޴һ¾ͽ˾ѹࡣ
˾˫ۣ׺ݵؿԪ飬ҪˣҪҾͻɣ
ĵȷʵɹ󣬵ԼʶǾͷǳԿƣԸҪһûĵҲùһԼߣ
ԪؿѾûĺЦ⣬˿̿ǰ壬ɫؽȻִԲǾͿ˭ǸöԷ
ʲôö˵ʵȡʤԪķ򵥴ֱֱӾͼ˾ѹȥ
ӴĽɫͼ޴ţΪʵʣһĥһ˾ݺݵѹȥܲɢѹΧȫס
˾ֻоѹһأͱһɾ޴סһ˿ңһҧ۵һھѪ˫һ̣ݺݵسӰעȥ̼䣬Ͼͱһҫ۵ĺ⣬Ӱһʵ
ԾѪӰӰҪһʵͬʱ沿Ȼʼֳ١ûüȫֳͱԪĥһͼͷֵغݺһġ
ડһӰر飬ˮлһһɢ
˾ֵش󺰣ŵؿһĻòȻ˸ˣƵϳ壬Ҫǽɫͼƴ
Ԫؿͼͷݺݵȥ֪СȻҲҸԪүүа壬Ҳ㣡
أص£ѾĿռڣԵ޳һԿֱ顣ĲӬһĶʵЩҹͨ
Ԫ˼ʮ£һͼŸºȻһƹâɫһǹâ׷˹ȥ
ꣿ޳һ㶣Ҳæ׷˳ȥ˾Ѿĳ࣬Ȼûбĥ
壬һģǰ˾ŭ޳Ԫȴȥȴݺһⲻ˾ȫµһ˵˾Ȼסһ˵꣡
ģӣԪߵشһһУԪһ·ɹ廯һâ৵һע뵽ԪС
һ˲Ԫâһ⳯ص׷˹ȥ׷̵ģֱܣԪүүҪ뿪Ҹգ
Ԫٶȷǳ죬Ҫӳռһ׷ǰ档ԪվԪϣؿ°ҿ㻹ܣԪү㵽ǸС˵
Ԫ˵ţõ˫кȻ˵⣬৵һ³ȥֻ̽յƣΡ
һ˲ԪȻһŭ̵ģȻ㣡˵˭û뵽Ȼ˵
㣡㡭ǣû뵽ķӦԪ黹Ҫ岻ϵ𶯣ƿʲôֲһһֱ߶С㡭㡭
޳øϵǰĿһƳȻƼǰ֮˵ӣʱ˵һ𾪵ԭء
оһϤϢ֮ǰо͸ܵ뵽ˣȴΨһ©ˡ
޳ɫһݣʵȻǰ㣬ΪǵΪԼһӢ٣
ûеõش𣬶Էȫ뵽˻ҵСֻ㶵ؿԪ飬ȫǾ֡


1409 ʧ
ô㣡ô㣡͸žֵƮɢڿռ䡣ǰƳʧȥ˶־治ϵɢ
ս㲻ת⸱ӣǲŹġԪ˵ţʹ߶Ԫս˹ȥ
£С˭뵽մӳսУȻȡ˾塣û˻뵽˿̾ȻһֻɥȮһɥһ㷴ûС
ܣⲻܣսϵظ仰ִ¿Ԫ飬תͷֿ޳ȻЦǣˣȺɵӣҸǣǱŵ̫ãбӦģʮǰսǰˣҵľûбϣҵطǱǵźˣҵ޵йһǵģ
˵ţȻ쳤Х̧ͷϷգغģû뵽ɣӣ׳գɵǸˣ
ԪһͣȻͣԭأ¶һ˿ãغͻҡ
Ԫ飬ôˣ޳ĲԾʵ
ղ˵˭˭˭ģ˭ģôһ㶼벻ԪȻסԴһ뵽ԪС
ԭڷ󺰵ս͵سȥ޳׷ȥԪӣﻹ˼æǰ鿴Ԫ飬㵽ôˣ
ҾһҾһԪ齲ţȻ߶Ԫ۵һ޳ĵﵱС
޳ϸ鿴һϢûﲻԾ˿ʱǰɽѾ˽żغϴû°ɣ
û£ҲżҪ޳£ǹҲ޷Żȥˣ
޳ҡҡͷû£Σ
ûʲô󰭣ղǿһֻ˳ȥԭǶǿ󣬲ûȫɱˣǰɽµؽ
޳Ҳһû׷ȥȻ˿׶༪ˡ
սԪû취ҪɱǰɽǣвһǰɽҲǴ˿һ麹
޳ĵٴμһԪû£ŷĵռȥ
Ҳ޳ߣ߽
ǰɽ˸æ߽ǿǵϻûɢʱ򣬶һ¡ǰɽʵ˾
š޳Ӧһ˾ǰ֮Իˣ䣬ӦǱսˡ
ս᣿ȫڽʲô
ǰɽ֪еһЩԵɵģȻѹֻô֮ǰǺôһӱôǿˣ
޳ҡҡͷҲ֪Ƶʱȷʵǳ궼Ҫɢĵزû뵽̶꣬ȻôĽҴ˾ǴǰʼģǾͺпܣǴǰѾɹˣ
ϴⲻ԰ǰɽһĥҪǰͶɹˣʱҪﵽﾳˣʱôôܰõ
޳ҡҡͷҲ벻ͨĵطҲĹõʲôͻƣĹѸٻָˡ
սоԭͻΪĽ֮˵ҵʲôڶʱ֮ͻҲ˵ֻҪôϵʱָԻ˺ǻɡ
ǰɽ룬Ҫô죿Ѿϳˣȥ˵Ǿ鷳ˡ
԰ô죬ǰ˵Ǻӵ飬ҡżԼ鷳֮ǰ֮޳ǣŸ׵ģҪǱ֪嶼군ˣ
޳οʱ̫ġش¶ʱڻָˣ⸱ӣӦҲû취صС
˵ȻǿҲǵΪ˵ġҪǳ֮µ»δѾѹſˡսش֮ʵʲôزǲǶʱҪָӽҲûôס
˿ǵǻûɢ
޳Ȼһһֱʵ⣬ô˻ʵһһº
ؿʡ
˭ǵģ޳ʵǻûʼ˶ǹעˣǵѶֲжٻһЩɻ͵ǡ
üͷһ壬ЩյؽȻӦǸ˲ܽȥҪ뽲ʵҲ˭ʱֻһʶѣֻһʲô֪
޳ʵֻһʶģ
ܲϡֲǲϣ֮ȥ֡Ҳǲ֪ʵԹģİɣ
תͷ޳ɫأæ͵ҿûƭǣĲ֪˭
㲻öģҲûл㡣޳ֻ֣׻˭Ŀǰۿ˲ûҪǡǵѣΪҪŪأ
ô죿ǰɽ˾ѾˣǵݺܿҲع⣬ǻҪȥ𣿡
޳ü£˵ʶȻһ£ż˸ĶȻʾǳǰɢ뵽״̬
ǰɽԳɢûã洫˽
һ˶һ˵ǰûио
ᣬ﷢սһؽ
޳һǺ뻢棬ǶǱǰĶġ
˵ûȷʵսܵļӦ˾˶֡潲
ǰûп˾˳ȥӵؽͬʱĿܲ鿴޳⣬ûзˣ˾Ѿ֪ȥ
ҿǰӦߵĶ˾ȥ˵ޱؽǻŸ˵꣬ȻԶһ̲Ѫ⣬ɫһͣؽˣѾˡ
ţ˳ĿȥҲһ߹ȥһ£Ž˾
ǵıһֱģûжʬһ˼ԼˣҲֻǵؿһۣת޳˿
ɱ˰ɡӿŵڽеļˣؽ˾Ψһļ֤ˣǱҲ·һﻹܵʹࡣ
һĻʱܲסָʹӣôôûˣǸСһ𳤴ѣ㾹Ȼ˵ɱɱЩɶǵˣ
ûѣҲûˡӵĮ飬һۣ͵̧֣ȥ
ֻоԼһɾ޴󰡵ס˶֪ܶƲͫзŴСʱһģһĶʱĸһĹ
ס֣޳Ȼǰһ̧Ӷһơ޴ĳ˶˼
޳ֻСͣԭأǺӣſͣסԱߵĻжһĨأصؿ޳
˭ȻʵȻǺϢԲǺ壡
޳޳˿Ѿ±¶³֡
㣿뻢ͬʱؿ޳ͳ͹˹
޳˫ĿһݣüĽһ˫⣬һ³˷ȥ̼䣬һŴһ㣬һ¾ͽ˸ס
Ӷ޳ǺɫؽﾳһΣصؿ湻ģ


1410 ð
Ӵ糤죬ܶסоһӴѹҪٻӰȴط֣ǱѹƵѹܶ
޳㲻ҪɱһƣŵôӾٲãҲһͬͬ磬ôĿԼǰ
ǰɽҪȥһѽסȰѾаȫˣ˿ײϣٺҲ֪
Ӹ磬ڵȥżؽֻôһӣҪǺӻزȥˣǺҲȥˣ
ȥɱļҲ۾գڱһɱħͷǰɽ
ʹغ۾ض޳սһĺӣӿµ
ǰɽסȥЦϴѾɱģȥѰ·
淢һʹֲס޳һȭҵϣ˲
ӵɫһһ˿ң룬򲻹޳תȥ
޳ɫһȻǧʩչ˲͵˺ǰɫһŵؿŵǰˡӱԼҪ࣬ͬľ磬ٶȴҪԼǿ࣡
һֱ˳ŵԼиӷŭŵǸģκ֮£еķŭӿȣú˲ʧȥǣһͷţһ޳˹
޳Աһ࣬һصһ³źӹ˹ȥ
ͻȻѵǰɽ֣һسӸ磡
޳˫Ŀһݣ㽫һ˺ϣһֻķһžһ³Զȥ
ǰɽɿһѱżͷҪˣһ߼һʣô˵ˣֻʵ̧ͷϴȾ
޳һ৵һ¿סӣǬԴͳһŻԭݸǰɽ̫ģҸղѾջش󲿷ΪֻˣµҩϢһͲˡ
ǰɽϲʵģһ˵һ߽ҩ£ֶڲڸղһ̣ʧȥĿ־˶ˡ
޳˵ģûܵصˣ˿̱ǰɽţ£Ȼȫδе̧ͷһ޳ѵؽ޳ܷܲŹӸ磬ҴӦ壬Ҫȥġ
ԴӺӽ뵽Ǻ󣬾ͳʧȥϵǵʱ򣬺һֱǷǳҵˣߵﶼᶨʱŻؼҡһѶȫޣڼмĲˡ
ò׺ʸǰǣصذҪӴؼҡϤԼĶӣʧȥϢ϶£ҪȥٺҲûмкã
޳˿ֿһ۱סĺӣЩ̣Ѿа׿ƣóȥﾳһεʵֻɾһɱ˿ħ
Сӣ԰һҵϣģõҩԼ־ӦÿԪȻ
ģ޳ϲʵû뵽ԪһξȻôͻָˡ
ûʰתˣѾǳǿа顣Ԫ齲лһЩʧ䣬Ѿǰ򶨶ˡ
޳ͷ˵һ£źߵһߣʼȵסѾȥһҹ
ӵѾ࣬ҩ֮󣬱ԼȥһҹûҲࡣ
޳һܵǲûʲôʧһǰ
СӣǵøıսƻˡԪ齲˾ϢҪ˶þͻᴫȥսȻ˵úأĹȴæҪ˶ָһͻʱǾͲزסˡ
ԪҲѾ¶ָսˡٲжͻǳΣա
޳ͷҲ˼Ͱѡνɽ̫ˣѾǣ֮·Ա任һ¡
ûһ¡Ȼ˾ûȥǾͽƾͼƣֱӶȥԪ齲
޳һʵ˼ǣҶȥӽ
ûջ˵㣬ҪɽҲȻˣֱȥԪ齫ⶼһ飬󽲵ģԪѾָزˣãܻܵ˵ġһƺҲûõ·ˡ
޳룬˵ûǵøϿжޱȣִҲп˻ûкãóô˻ӽɽ
öһ£޳ǰɽ˵һһ𣬴߰ĳУֽ׻ٻ任ɺģ޳ݳ˾ģһȥ޹
պӸϢ̽̽һ£ҵߵֱ˹ȥԵһںеӣûУֱӷС
޹޽һɽɽϣ˿ǣʲôħ޵ĵǣһɵĹ
޳ȥʱյģһЩҪװ֮⣬ûеָûʡ
ˡδ߽ãһģûб顣
޳˵ͷҲû˵ֱķȥ
ǣûиܵĴڡǴģȴûˡ֪һ£Ҳû˵Ǻη
޳жʱ࣬ʵԶ֮ϣ
һΣٴλһط̽ˡ
޳ûٶ˳Աߵһϣƽؽ࣬Ѿܡ
Ƶס𣿡ٴα任һ졣
޳һݣ仰ǰĲ²ûд˾Щ飬Ȼġһ£һεʵҪȥǿһЩշĹг˵⣬оա
û¾ͺáǰȷʵһЩô¡ٴα仯ƺÿطһһ
޳ɫƽؽѾӦȥѾа׿ƣѾΪֲָֻһжǵġ
Ҿͷˡؽһֱǳƽ˲²͸˼޳ȻܹһЩϢ
йȻıֻڻܿ϶ǰпЩҪãֻҪҲ˴¡
޳ϣû˵п̽˾Ȼ񣬵ȴƿһȨ󵨲²⣬˾ѹûлȨǱֳĬԸΪá
ȻԹԵطԸ׼һ£ȥһɽɡ⼸󷨲ԽԽǿЩһֱܵģȥúöһϢû¾Ǳ߸͵
ǡ޳̵Ӧһ
ˣȥɡ͸һûһȻ˳ȥ
޳ȥԪ飺̽Ѱʲô
˻ûáԪƽؽҸղŸ֪һ£ǹС
ԭѹôҲ֪Ĵڡ޳
Ԫȴҡҡͷصؽ֪ĴŲΪǵʵ̫ࡣ
޳һݣʵ̽Ϊ𣿡
ԪȴЩɥҡҡͷ˵һ޳ľĻûѾͷ˵ǰæ˺񣿡


1411 ս
ԪĻ޳һǣüͷ΢΢һ˿أʵ˼ǣ֪һĿʲô
ԪԪϿգõƯ£ƵؽҲ⣬ȥҲǸˣû㣬ǺѾͷΪԿԿǸ֮㡣
޳ͷصĵ洦͸Ź죬Ҿɣ
ԪͬؽղҲĻˣǵǰ׼ˡ
޳Ȼ֪е˼΢һ±ת˾ȥȻ˾ͷȻҪϷ㣬ȥɡ
ǰɽżصȴţ޳˿ϴôûƳ״ɣ
Ҳһ˫ŵĶ޳³ʲô⡣
޳Цһ£ް׼һ£ǵȥɽǰɽ͵һʵôͿԽȥⲻǸɡ
֮ǰ֮˶ѡζô飬ҪϣҪɽ֪ȴô׾ͨ
޳һҲͨĿ飬˾ݽȥýҲ룬ոӣһжδ֪˾ɡ
һ˫ˮĴ۾ͬؽҪһȥҲѡ֮һİͷһʾӡ
޳̬ǰɽѾթթĺǣΪİȫǣȥʲôʱչ㣬ʡʵ
ֲߵغǿ˻զָһ˭Ĺ˭
Ա߻мλѡ֣Ƽһӣϵı鶼΢ǰɽź⸱ģҲʿˮһסӡ
ˣ棬ɽͺֵܸ֡һȥԭȾǻǰȥ˲ɡ
뻢ͷʾͬǣȻѾѣһȳԼıְûػɽ¹شҲҵġ
Ҫ˵޳ɫĸǰɽʹɫ߻ǰȥҲ֪ǰɽΰǸŮˣ֮ʱϵɫƽѾ޳İš
սӳ֮󣬲ֻʵӵһɽ档ò޲һЩǴ·һͻᱻɢ
Žס꣬Ưľһεĵط
ǰ˿ɲ飬ܲȶһеĲһϵĶţ૵߶ţܣԲܡ
иֳһЩĻ棬Щ϶ģееģȴ͸¶һĿ־壬޶˵ѹ񾭡
ģ벻ɣȻһХǺһ㰧ֱֱشԶ
һϸ룬Ȼֱã·еһж˹̣Ȼɢ
ԭȿŵ֣ģȻǵˣд󾪣Ҫϸ룬Զ
ԶʲôͻȻһɻмһ³սڵķ
սһҪ£ϢѾǼȻѾ߷һڷвʱǼ˷һХ
ҵ˭ԭһƲл꣬ݲгģ۲ɢҲЩ¡
ΪһˣսЦ
սõ͸һأоһţϲʾ
Ŭƣȵ֪Сˡ񣬿ȥɣȻϷ򲻿
Ӵǣиԣϼһ⸱ģܶΣȺ߳һλСˣһڽؿ
սɫһ˫Ŀضˣһεѹһ´õǽˣŵõһ
ǼһĨأЦ֮ģٿһսѾսԼãǿѣϷ򲢲Ϊѣִ࿹ϷƴȴҲܽԶԻȥɡ
Ϊӣϸ̽һսϢʶȻ΢Ϣȣȴ̺һǿ
ǰ֧ͷ˵ûǷҲֲô
ǰһսǺˣΪλˣ
սԸǶིȥͱϷ򲻿
Ϊӳһ̬Ѿ࣬Ҽǰ
ңսɨһ۶ԷſڽϷ˵ǽңЩ̣ҪǷǰҲһССѡ
ͷôĿ˼ͷԲѷզզҪѵһסǣսǰ˵ƺ֪ǽҵ棿
սͷʮǰмλսСӣ˵кΪʲô˴֮һȺСˡ
˵ģ𺳲ѣǾʮ֮ǰ𾪡
ȥȻһӽҷ˳ǹ¼ʮ֮ǰһǺ֪ǽңȵԨԴǴʮǰʼġ
жǰλͷʱȻ˼֣ʵǰմ
ս˵Լǽ֮˿ʼѾı⣬˵ЩʮǰĿľΪϹѯʣҲ󷽵ؽԼ佲˳ϷвսҲ
ս۾͹ɣŵĿǰߡԴҲ뵽ǰλǴ˵еս
սҲ֪壬ȴ˲պս׿ȴΪרעطͻ߻ħ
ΪѾ޷ĵزȻ󲻵գһֱȴǣ˵ط˴Ѳѡ
սԼ֮㾲شŽķӦһŵľϲ;ηսⰵ˰һƬȻ
ԼݸǼλʱǵ̬Ҳǰλһ
˶̰һ̰ͺױơսһĨƺѾǰӵһλȻ͹˽־
ǰһĽľѾͬҲֻ΢΢һ£ָ򶨡սǰһֱݵżѵһʵڼѡ֪ǰкҪæĵط߾ȫ
˵սȻ⣬ҲûϺáһ½ϷҪȥһطǿɷȥɣϷ򶨲ǡˬʵؽΪǰЧĸ֪ǰҪȥ
սϹ˷һ£ȴװһؽϷҪȥ

һ£붼δʵĵط֪ǰȥΪΣ
뷨Ͼսģȥʵ֡
֪ʵﵽһ̶֮󣬱ֵһֿȵִԣսȻ걻̺࣬ɺӴ˵һõĲƷ
սȻ֪ʲôȴδƣֻһԵɣǰײ˾ɱ˿Ǽ˾УϷһҪȥҴ
˾ˣ𾪲ѣǲ֮ǰż˾ʱһ㶼δô̶һʱ䣬ȴ£
սͷǸˣҲ֪ɱ˾޳
ʲô͸һ˿ţܿ׹ҧгݵؽ޳ȻѾ򣡡


1412 ɽ
ûϷе˸棬СȴкϷģϷǱɡɫս״޳Ҳйڣ߷ȻؽЩߵĻʱ˽ĸøС
һȶǱȥɣ޳СޱЩͣǣ
Ѿȥ˵Ŀˣ˵ʵȫ͹۵˽⣬ò޳˵УѶԸһ
սͷǰƮ˼ⷬģǲܹȥǿɷܹϷϢĵط
˼ʵȷ갲ϢĵطȻ˵ʶֲɵӣ񲢲̰ģĿǰֻһλصǰùϵͳһСɵķսҽƵܱÿԴ洢꣬ǰίһ¡
սҧݺݵһСӣҲûбİ취ֻҸطҪˣս뷨֮ϵ˳һţ漴ֳһĨתͷżλҵӽ߰ȥ
ǵ֮ȴõȥɽϢ
ô죿
̽һע뵽սսһ½޳һȥɽǵþϹȥǽȴԥɽľأ˲ܽ롣
˴ԼΪǱǳֺãȥ϶ܷΪһ޳Լǰ̡
ս˿ȴǶ޳֮ǣ޲ңתһ룬Ϸһа취ȫ
̽һ£սȴ͸¶ǺηǼƶҲƴһѣϾҲȽ޳
˱㳯ɽȥ
һߣ޳ֻǰɽӺͻˣԸ˼˶Сģһ⴫˵ޱȵɽ
ããɽؿ־壬ɽһƬţ̽ƼʵĿ޳Ѿȣһǧصɽǰҵģֻ̽һСĿ
ԤϵһܵһɲǿĵӵȻڶγѹȴݺӡ
ѹǰɽ˵Сĵ㡣
һԵĺ˵ɫҲطĽƱ֮ǰҪǿࡣ
޳⣬̧ͷһܣһƬȻɽ涨ȻʲôͳΧ󷨣Ѿ᧿Σǳ飬ѹ˷ѾĻά
СĿǵ߶ܵƮȴմȾϣ·ͬһƮΧ
޳̽ͷһƣ͵һæתԪ㿴ƺΡ
ԪҲͷ˲ԾصؽⲻǵСˣǧմǵϡ޳ͷֱӳſǰɽȫǽӦĳմȾãһҪСġ
ǰɽǰҲоȴҪ죬޳ôһͷҲ쳣صصͷδ
˼ӿǰٶȣɽΧʮˣô·ɽЩ룬ɼ⻤ɽжôӴ
޳뵽һ⣬Ԫ飬Ӵ󷨵Ҫòɣ
˵ɳɾọ֪̃ϰꡣ
޳ô˵ɽǰУԪҡҡͷɽ󷨣ӦôѾУ꣬߸á
޳һʵǲֿܣɽڣԲҪ󷨡ԪصĵͷˣҪѰҵʯһ챦Ȼ̺Ȼ֪
ûм½˼ѾԶ޳ͷֳأҪõʯô򵥡
Ŀ⣬ǰȥʱǵ룬ɽѾǲԶ֣ȴ͸һɲã嫵ѹη
ĸףѾɽ㿴
ʯ޳ڱصã
Ҫĸף˭Ҳ޷ֵֻǣվɽ£ԸҪɣȴȻЩ
޳סģͻȻԼΣķѹص֪һҪ侲ǰĸе飬˼߻ħֽѵһξ͹Բٷ
϶࣬ȽԼ̬ã޳תͷźӽ鷳ִ·ֱȥ֮ء
̧ǰ߱߸޳ͣ⻤󵽵Ҫʵǲ֪񵥵ΧģоʮλߣʵֻΧ󡣡
޳һΧߣΪﾳһΡġɽӡ״ﵽ˺̶ֳȣ
ǰΧĻ֮أСļסҪ˵龡ľŵ㣬̫ᱻɡӽ
֪ǰǸӾͺáǰɽֵؽǰĮһ̲סһ¡
޳εؿǰɽһۣСЩ
ǰɽ˼ͷҲ˵żǰ
˵һ˿Χ⻤֮أһȦߣÿ˵϶͸һĮĿбӣ·һжС
޳ĳ̽һ£ǵʶȻѾס˿ͬһʬһ㣬ܿƵĳ̶ȣȺ˻Ҫ
ʱǾʮˣվڸԲͬķλͣŵһͼɫһϵעͼУ߷һƬҫ۵Ĺâ
ԴԴע룬ͼĹâȴǺԵúܲȶ޳Щ֡ϸĹ۲һ·֣Ⱥ˵Ȼǳ˾Ųﾳ磬ǱֳȴǵʵΪ൱Ĳ졣
ԪȻƵؽͼȴΣ˵Ϊ
޳Ҳ֣ͼյȫע뵽Զ󷨵Уһǵһ޴ͭС
޳æ̽һΣһ˿죬ԪȷʵӦƵҩ
ԪͷͶˡ
ӣȻЦˣƵľȻ񵤣ǲµûˣ򲻻ҪּƷҩ
񵤹˼һּƷҩÿҩʮַɹʷǳ͡ҪӴ֧֣Ǻô㣬Ȼַơ
Ԫ齫ЩϢ޳ǵץˣⵤҩζǲվͻɣʱָԪǵĴΣˡ
޳΢΢˵ͷҲס
ʱѾͼЩԭĮĻߣͻȻһźӿɫʱ˱䣬ѵõ¶һ˿֣ĳ޳ݡ
μ˾ˡ
޳΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˿˾˾ԭȵ磬ֱ̧ǰȥδһ¡ȺҲδֳκβֻǹվ㿪ʼͶ뵽ԼĹС
޳˸վԶʹһƿ֮ıһ޴ѹһӾͽƬظ޳һȻˡ
΢е˫ۣ䲻ȵĿǰƣǰˡ


1413 Ӵ
ӴѹסƬռ䣬һϢĲţƻȻɣ޶˸һҪĸо
޳ͷǰ΢΢һȺߣ㼯¹򣬹غμ
ǰͬǣʱǵ͸һ˿ʵԵľη
һ㵭У˿ݣ޳ע⵽ϻɽΧһ
аһѵҲйأ
תһתһ˼ȥ̽±
ǵͷһҿӣǰɽֱȺһڵϣȻֲˣܸԼϴ鷳
ţƲݣֻܴɢĵ΢Цоһһŭ⡣
ȻһĮڿС
˭ͣģ
С˸
ȺתͼעǰɽӼҲһȥȺУʼ
޳վԭأţһģζ˶һ۱ĸǰ޳΢΢ͷҲ֪ʱԼںеģ᲻ᱻԷ֡˵ţҲƭ˵ģȻˣδ糣ؽȥҩ
޳ವһµգһ˲Ǿ޴ͭϷͷȥֻǵйŸɫ壬ͬ˳һҵĽѹƲϢ̽뵽С
İǰ·𱻽ҿһ㱡ɴǷУһſűɫĵҩʱѾ߳ͣаɫĻ֡
޳еǰһⵤҩȻҪˣƷɫѣɼǻһ˼ˡ
̽һֵ̣һĨɻĿƫ˾üͷ΢΢һ壬Ҳֻһ˲еɻʧָƽ
޳Ȼ֪һʣ鿴Ϻתصߣһ˿˷˾ϲˣҩձɡ
һ⣬΢΢ɨȺ߶ͼǣתɽĺȥ޳ϣĬĸ
Щ룬Ȼͣ΢΢̧ͷ֪ʲô޳ص֮ͣԶĵط
Щ˻öãȻʵ̬ȱ֮ǰӵĮ˼֡޳һݣһŭȻԤϵûȺߣ˶ܱңȫˡ˿̵¶˿ĿǰǳŲա
ԭѾ̽ȺΪԭ򣬴˿̿⡣Ŀ޳ֱ޲ýҡ
СӣסԪȻ޳ԺС޳͵һһ亹ǰȻֿʼܣҲ򵥡
ûһһôֻʣһˣ
޳Ѿ׼ô𰸣ؽԭһصʱ˵⣬һϲͻȻѣҲ㱻˵Һüʱƣмλܵˣֻȵʵָ
޳˵ԭֳĶѾ֪˳㽫˵ԲˣҲЩ
˵Ǻ⣬ô鶼첻ãΪָˣ
޳һȻ֪˾˵飬֪֪˾ս飿
治ɫػصɫָҪһʱ䡣һۣӿٶȣǵʱ䲻ˡ
ǡ޳ӦȻɻ󲻽⣬ڲѯʣֻ˳Ļ˵ȥ治ǸõΣȴǰڰ֣νؽҩͿɣʱ򲢲ҪЩˣҶŵ㣬ԷɣҩԲʧ
޳ͷӦǣȴӡ˼¡ĻпԿ˿ɽ飬Ҳ˿ȴǱ֪ʵĿ룿
齻ϣ̧ǰȥȥɽĶҪˡ
޳ͷһȥ
ãɽסƺһͷȻھҳײһֻǵϣȻײģⰼ͹ֹ
޳̽ǰ΢΢һɨɫʱһ£˽봥̽ŷǿѹ޷ھһɶԶ㱻赲סתһҲδǰ޳һʱ̽ʵΪֻܰվһߣŻ
ԽԽǿˣҲǳ¡ǰƵؽ͸ţһκ͸ˡ
޳ɻԽ롣֪˾ʵ֪٣Ҳ㷢ʣֻվ䲻԰Ρ
ôȥˣӣȻ˸ңܳҪǵرѡԣҶһ죡
Ѿñ䡣һ׶һһεѹֱ޳ʶ޳͵һ𣬲һͱѹˣаѣʵԶ֮ϣ
ʱȻת޳ɻʵƺ˲٣
޳ɫһصֻһʱСӵĵ
˵ҲδֻһСЩˣҪָңңˡ
ǣס޳
̧׿ǰãɽ޳ɻĿ΢΢ǰ˼
޳ȵǣǰߵʱδܵѹһȽֱɽɽ£ͣסŲ
ѵΣʵѾﵽ޷ĵز
޳е㲻ţԼʵţҲܿ
޳̽Լǰ˼ȴҲɱ赲ģ漴ϣЧɲ
ȥʱԶȻһƿӰ৵һ³ǰ
޳ֻоǰһһȻ𣬡˾Ǽٵģ޳ٰģ
ͻȻ޳ʵһæһƺȻһӾͽԼΧסͬʱʩչˢһ³ǰɽ߽ǻס
һĻ̫죬һתͷѾ˾Ӱ
ô£ʵĿ΢΢һɨŵ꣬ɫһݣô
սƮǰˣǣ޳СӸˣ
ʱҲһӹǰҽ
ֻǴӽ΢΢ӹֱֱԶ޳
һչһ˲޳ǰ
޳Ѿϵĺȥ¶˱òɫܳųһƬĿռ䣬ǰɽˣ棬ÿɫء
ģ֪˺£УսǸСӣԪүԭ룬㣬˿̿ǵøѵɣ
ԪԪ֮
սˡ޳սѾ֪ԪĴڣܵģԪԪһй¶ȥǽǷǳΣգ
Ԫôһ˿ԥδԣһʱ֮ʲŻǸСӳȥ鷳ΨһһνӽɽĻᣬֻӲˡ޳ԵͷȲҪ֣ԿʵĪ⣬ҪСģԪͷವһ±ת뵽ԪУʱעĶ
޳ԣǰɽѾӳĵϣӼĿǰ޳棬ڰɫУݣǴɢѹȴھңڷŭ
ֻһһҫ۵ĺͻȻڱһ£̼ͻһſ͵س޳˹


1414 ײ
ͻĻȼյ棬һӽܵĿͣ޳ֻоһһ˲ѾסϢֹһжǱסһ
޳˫һתȻˢһע뵽СʱԭɫȻâŨĽͬһֽɫ̫ˢһ³ܱǡ
䣡
ɫײϺɫĻһҵ𶯣γɵľˣͬһХӿܡ

Ա߶ʱҽһЩʵﾳ߱𶯾ײϣѪԱȺߣȫŵͣסֵǣмȻδӦƲѡ˾ôˣܣȴֲңֻܽӲվԭء
޳ҲղǾ޴𶯣˼޳׵壬屻ǹײϣţѪӿͣˣǰɽ˾޳ػȻĶѪ
СУȻҪǾ취뿪ȻбܡԪȻ޳ţǿĵǰӲƴֻԿ
޳г֪ɽҲòȥʯڱصã
㡭ǾֻзһսҲգԪүӣǽˡԪȻؽ֪⼸޳еѹĸһղȳоһѰ
Ԫ顭޳ҲǸмѣµһֱػЩٰὫΣյУģģΣգһߣǧ֣
ȻɽĻʮãǲֻһ·޳ţֻҪžһл뵽
֮ͨʱһݴݣȻǣעнŵޱʵԶԶȥͬһ޴Ľɫɽǰ
˳³ĻѾ֣ҪôҪô
޳ؿһۣҪ˵ȴԪͻȻϢԣ
ȷ޳ʵ
Ԫһ˿ɻϸֿһ£ͷûϢ壡
޳˫һУ΢΢һ䣬Ŀ΢΢ɨս
ӸղŵȻ֪սѾɹȴһ㶼ûзԵӣϵǰ䣬ò롣
һߴ߶һԪ飬˵᲻Ҳ˶ˣԪ齲Ҳô֮£شɹмˣ޳ü룬͵س֣һ˵Ӱ׺ѾʧãһֱδϢ᲻ǡ
ֻ뵽һ룬͵ҡҡͷԲԲң
޳ǰǲϱǵĺȵ¶ȣ͸ǿҵѹҪԼ
˾Բ׺
˭ҶҪȴһ޳͵ڿգһһʵʵĽɫһ´ü͵һȣռһɱ
ǿĽһһɫĻԭĵֵͻȻһ˿أЦ겻ֳɳ࣬Ҵˣ
˵ţ̧˫ָ֣к˸һ뵽У֮øӴʵʵĻһ³޳
޳ȴһ伸겻һ£µû˲п֮ǰʶˣ
Сӿ֮ŭʵֵܵԪͻȻ޳ģԱһǧʩչһ˲ɽ¡
ʩչĻˢһ£ײ޳ԭվĵط˲ӳһƬ𺣡
Щߵߣ޿ɱܵıɣ̼㻯˻ҽ
޳һĻһĨֹȻǿһ˿Ҳܵһ˺
ǰɽЩżؽϴ㽫Сٻһֵһȥɽ´ҪǺˣ
ǰɽҲѾ˶ߣĺ϶Ǹʡ͵ĵƣŹǲŹ֣
Сӣ˵Ķԣ赲һ¡ֻҪʩչȫɽʱͻ𵴣ʱòȥ󷨣ﻹпչǣʱҲԳûɽԪͻȻؽ
޳ʵ˵ĵ棿
Ԫ޵ĴȽԪүʲôʱƭ㣿㣡ˣ
޳Ȼ⣬е㲻ף˿Ҳݲ룬ˢһ½Сٻ˳ǽһҪСģ
˵ţʩչǧ٣৵һ³ɽȥϵһһĻ˫Ŀһʩչһ׷޳С³ç
СͷǴүǰɽĵˢһ³˹ͬʱС͵Ť֫ŭһ±һֱֱ̹ز
ҲĹԴпͬʬǿʼͱһŭ˿̼ŭî˾Ĺ
һߣӺͺˣҲŽ˳˹ȥס
һʱ䣬׷Ȼ޳˳صɽ¡ǰһɽһ֮⣬ܵǿѹ˿Ѿ룬Ҳע⣬ȻռһһͬһɽĽƣ
ɣĿƳ޳ģȻЩʧĺǣֹѾֻһһҵ𶯴ɽĽƵд̼䣬Ƭռ䶼
޳δüӦͱһɾ޴ײ壬һһֻƤһ󵹷ɳȥſ壬ȴԼһ̣ȫʧѹ޷ֹͣ
飡
صڵϣҵõϳһ޴ӣδü𣬾ͼϿմһ޴ĲܵĿռŤתͬĩһ
үģôˣ
ԶǰɽŭȻǱߵҲǳΣա
޳ѾڵĵȹһģʵԪ飬⵽ô£
Ԫһ£֮Ҳһ䣬үүģ⵽ô£
޳ҪˣܵŤռ伸ѾȫŤ֣ڻ侹ɽ췭ظĸо
˵ûµģô£޳ԼҲˣλ岻ֲǵһη֣ȻɵɵˣµãǹȫҪʱˣ
ûǺ˵˲֪ĸʱұǰռ䵱УĻҪǿչҲֵܵ
үģĴˣԪһе뿸Ԫ·ĸоüܰɣҪˣ
ʲô޳һûЦɣ
ԭĲɽΧҪˡû뵽Ȼǣ¿ɲǴ⣬ҪΪǧˣ
㡭޳²۶ѾֻԼ
ѵسҪӣǲŸһվͱŤ֮ε
һ˲ܵĿ͵һת岻ɿƵıһ˦߿գ˳һ֣̽ǰɽǼ˵Ҳ⣬ͽˣҲԵúǱ
º˴ҲôˣҶȥʱаɣ
ܵĿԽԽңŤ֮Ѿ̬оһʹ˺ѷεش
СǽǰɽǴ޳кСǡ
Сǻ֨֨Ľһѵ˦ֲ֦屾ģȻҲռ֮ݲеһƬݣҪȦס˻⣬ǰɽѾˤͷĿѣСץŶûӦ
޳СѾɹ͵ش߶ٻŹСǻһˢһû뵽ڡ
޳Ϊһ۵ģԶһУҧгݵغһ͵һһҵĹâڱ
ͷһӿ޳͵Ťͷ¿ƺЩϤ


1415 
ͻȻķ޳𾪲ѣԪ飬ȴоԱͻȻһҵ𶯣ĹѾǰȻܹ͸ռ
Сӿ뿪ٲ߾ˣԪżغ
޳һߵֵĹһѸʩչǧɽȥǴ˿ƬռѾŤңһӴʱγɣ޳֣һε֮ȻһӴһ֡ӰţĶһҪΣ
ȻҲܳȻҪ޳Щ
޳ƣȻԪżغӰӰס˿ռ䣡
޳һһ͵һ𶯣һԶžͼˢһչ
̼䣬ܵĿռŤ֮Ȼ˼֣綼ƽҲֻһ˲ռֿ֮ʼǿ
޳΢΢һӰܹӰռ֮ǲ֪Ϊʲôֻһ˲ѡ
Ԫ֪еԵɣ޳ʵ
Ӱԭռֻ֮㻹δеľ裬֮ǰսʱ龰
Ҵˣ޳ʱȻǰսʱõĸȻ𶯣ȫע뵽ӰУ̼ǷԶžͼâ
ͼܷһŵ˺ͬһŴһ޳ֻоһᣬܵĿࡣ
У
ҲǼæӰɿǰȥһĻ˫΢΢£һĨ˼ûͣҲ׷ȥ
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ս˿嶨ɫ࣬ŭĿ޳ʧķҲšҧгݵؽɽѾоԵʵѹ޷ơ
ǡɫ䣬żѣͻȻеɽǽԭͲ£ڵã̶԰ΣûɣܽҪ
żؿһܣʵô죿
սȻ¶һɭЦݽȻǲ壬Ǿݹǲˣɴһݣ˭߲ˣ
δӦͼսѾɽ˹ȥʱ󾪣ǰ𣿡
شһԿĴЦսͬһһ৵һʹײɽ
䣡
޴ĺһӴһ±ս˶ܲһӾͱײϣصһԶʱǿĿռ֮תڿзת
ģӣ
޵޲һսǴ˿ȫѱһ㻹֮ûУ
սôһɽӴкӿռ֮Ѿ̬Զһȫ÷飬˿ŵ֧Ųܹס
ս˸ղһ𶯣һΧƲԣһ뵽ǸķУ״Ǵ˿ˣֻȥ
޳ԳſӰҪ뿪ɽؽ磬ȴȻܵŤӦͱס
ô£޳ȵʵ
̵ģĸ˵ɽŭˣԪôɽѾע⵽ǣǲˣ
޳һͬʱҲоǹӴϵسӿͱһವһ±ק뵽У̼ӰͬһʱήңâĺҪʧһ
ʶҲԼò˶٣ʵӰҪǿһЩ
ˣȻǹקżɽ򷵻ء
УȥǾˣԪ鼱ô󺰣СңԪ
Ԫ˵ͬʱѾʩչٲӲӽʱס޳ĵ
ڻʱ򣡡޳æսԪʱľ޴Ӧһֲõͷ˿ɽڣԪһ¶·
ڲǶԪҧȻҼǲǰ飬ǣҪԪүңҲûôף
޳ɲģҪȰ裬ȴһײһǿϣʱúͷһ۵һѪ˳
Сӣԥˣٵȥʶ飬ǿɾͲˣ
޳㻹ڵʲôǶųȻ޳
޳һ֪ԪĴڣ
˵һ䣬㲻˵תֿռ֮޳֣룬ͱһɾ޴°ס壬͵ڿնصر˦档
ۣ
һѪ³оԼڸѾ顣
ȥУ־ͱְɣԪһؽѾûЦݡ޳ѾϢϢأ޳һҲ⣬ĲԸ⿴Сӳ£
˵⻰ͬʱ˫ѾʼϵĻ޳ң׼أ
޳һҧѾƴȫֿĲȫܿɽ֮ƣҲֻһ취ˣ
ŸҪ֣ͱͬʱסһɽһȻȥҲɽ⣬¾ȻЭͬԸɽס޳ǲǷǣ
Ѿռ֮ɢֳһЩ԰׵ĹâȴǱ쳣޳˵صĿռ֮Ѿǿ㻹Ҫѩϼ˪𣿡
˵͸ߣ޳ǰçײҲ뵽˾ء
޳죬ͱ˺δӦкһ˺룬űǾ޴Ŀռ֮һʶʱѪ
үүģԪôæȫס޳ꡣ
ǧһ̣֮һɫĹâ޳ɢѪƮˢһ³ɽ
޳˺ĵطȻһĲһƬˮ֣۳һΡ
ٴηã޳ˣˡ
ƺ޳ٴγֲԾһֱ׷ǵ⣬Уһ˿ӵ㺡
޳Ұȥڿʱ͵һ䣬ڤģ
ǼһѾкüδйû뵽Ȼڴ˿̾Ȼˡ
ԪѾ˷ܵشǼڤ¿ɺˣһڣռ֮¸ʲô
ڤǵĻһ֮սһ£ɽȥ
ǲõһǿҵ磬ˢһײɽĽƣԭεˢһ±һ⡣
ײһƬ޴𶯣תɽѣͬĩһ㣬չⶼҹ̡
޳ɫһԪաתƣǲҪʱ֮ţ
ԪҲǰ࣬ûڤԭܹʱգײȥĻʱ֮š
ƽܹʱ֮ţȷʵһޱ˷ܵ飬ǰôһѣ޳æʵô죿
ɣȿڤĵϡԪ鱣صؽǰı֣ڤĵȻǿﲻŤתʱյĳ̶ȣһѾ˼꣬ʵʵԲ²⡣
޳ԵͷҲֻУˡ
ǣڤĵǿ󣬿ɽӴ߿ײһϣڰ޾
ѾɫףָͻȻֵļڤĺǼڤģôû뵽Ȼˣ
ǽһֱѰҼڤĵ䣬ǣǧ޹Ȼ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ÿ˶һ־ػڤģ
һһĨ⼫ڤڱصãܽȥڽҵĵλĵλܹٵϺܴһ


1416 Сڤ
Ⱪǣ֮ӿڤĽʷӵ˼£ڿУܣʱնһ㡣
ƬռһʮֹڼڤܷԲһ֮ڣͬҹһ㡣طȴǿŤ֮ϵļѹҪڤĴ洢Ŀռ顣֣𶯲ϴܵɽΪƽء
޳ѾڵһʱɵڤߣУ˿ͬһһ㣬ɫļڤģϵĳǰ
ˣ
ɽܵƣøӿһɫĹâϵĳײڼڤķļ֮Ͼ˲䱻⡣ǣһµ
ײƣĺɫԽԽ࣬һͬıһ
Ȼͬ죬ԶݺݵĶżڤģе̰֮ɫһš
Ŀ΢΢ת޳ʱ˳ӡһһεˢ£֣ȤԽԽŨˡ
תͷһֽܷǼСѾ֧ŲסսϣһĨ˾䣬²࣡
Ҳ֪ζӺȻڿնһ˲ڽߡ
ֻоͷһǿѹδô£ѾܿƵķУһ˲ʧȥ֪˾ûôˣֱӱһ顣
ֻװŲռķУһһ̽սǺܺãϢԭһЩŵҵԼʲôӣ洫սһ֣Ҳֲô
һɣʵ˭
սϸ룬ȴζ벻ֻܲΡΡؽǿϤĸоȴôҲ벻
ɫһ̽ʶһ̽ŭؽʶܵشŹ֣Ͽˣ
㽫ֻ뻳УתĿɽԿŵ޳뼫ڤġ
޳Ȼ֪淢飬˿Ѿȫ뼫ڤĵʶͨУ֣Ȼܹ뼫ڤĽȻܼ̣ȴܹظܵڤĵ⡣
ˣͣ
ǼڤĴʶ޳𾪲ѡΪܵΪڤĵˣ
δڤľȻԼ
Сӱ˵̫磬ǲǽ㻹֪ءԪȻƵһ䣬޳ֻڿЦҲδ⣬Ҫ뼫ڤĹͨǼڤĵȴƺŬ˺ܾöδڸܵʶ
棬ɽɲһȻڲϱ˿ٴγ
޳ɫ˳ЩżģԪ飬ڤĺŲסˣ
Ԫ飬һֵؽԾ⼯ǵӦ˱Ŷԣʲô
޳ͷҲоԾʲô취һ£ٴαѹƿɾˣ
ԪεؽǿԪȻҲû취
żѵʱ򣬼ڤĺȻһ𶯣ڸ޳˵
޳ϸһ£жϳ˵ʲôһ˲һϣ󲻿ŵĿŴӼڤַһűȽС⡣𾪵ǣ⣬ȻҲɢż֮ƣһ̽ȴ֣ȫһĸ壡
Ҳ˵ֳһżڤģ
ⲻܣһżڤĲǱøôܳüڤڣ
޳ĿǸڤıøߵģúŪ
ԪҲͷûȷʵǱˣǰô£㿴ǸͷƺС˺ö࣡
޳һɲǣԭȵļڤľֹ״̬ͷô󣬶ʱһȴֻȭͷǰС
ƲʱǸüڤĺȻһ裡
޳͵һӿеȥеģǿżڤȴǼضһ£Ȼһ³ǿСļڤĳȥ໥ײһ£ǵĴк
оԼ˶ˣ޷ŵĿǰһĻ
裿ѵǼڤĺӣҲ̫ˣֱ޷󣡳һһżڤҲˣȻһӣĿֱˢһΣ
ԪȻҲЩӦ˺ð춼ûףɻؽ⼫ڤĿһһͷһ˵ô˵ŴĸģǸߵ񲻾ǡ
޳鲻Խظ֣żڤײʱ춯ʱ򻹾֣˿̶ʱȻ΢΢죬оֱӣ˭뵽ôһǾȻһӳ
ѹüڤôûжȥˣ
޳оԼе
Сڤĵĳ֣ɽͻȻͬʲôŭһ𶯣ԭǿ׳֣ϵĳ
Сڤļ״һµڴڤǰСС͵һһǿҵ⣬ż֮ˢһ³ǰȥ
޳𾪵ĿУֻǼ֮ͬһ޵ˢһס⡣ɽһ𶯣Ǽ֮㱩ǣϵĳӲһѾסƬɽ޳̽һܵǿҵ𺳣û뵽СһȻǿѾƬɽס
ءɽﴫһʹǱѹס޷ͽʹޡ
Сڤȴ˿Ϊһ߿գɫļ֮±ǣһѹȥ
أԽԽƽ
·𿴵һ漣ɽıȻıƽϢ
ȵһƽСڤˢһ´Ӹ߿յ䣬ƤļڤϣŤ˼¡
ڤ޳ֺƵΧת˼Ȧ޳лع֣ŽסϸĹ۲һ¡ڤĳ˸ͷС֮⣬޲죬ǣȴܷСĵ̺ȴһŻҪǿ
ԪĵĵѹŴ˺ܶ࣬Ǵˣĺӣĸΰ󰡣
ԭǼ̳żڤĵѪͳټĴУ֪Сһｫǿεز
ԶһѾˢһ³޳ǰ
޳ƽһۣδ˵żڤ֣ȫʲô춯Ͼܲ˺ǲҪ˺ĺãȻҲûкô
ʱ̬ȱǰ࣬δἰ޳ð˾һ£ֻǽöֵȫѹסɽл
޳ؽˡ
˭ûǰĽţһҳѾҹȥһ
޳תͷǰɽ־ղǾĶǵһս˿ɽΧѾ̹ޱȣһȫʧѾĻƵ¯ҩҲһʧˡ
ȻҲһ㣬һĨɫδֳֽ̧ǰĽ˵ϡ
ˤ߻صģתͷһܵķ籩ѾͣЪˣ̧ͷһ޳ҲվǰɫʱһҲԱΣֻվ
޳⵭Ƴ˽һˣ֮Ĺڳ㡣
ֲ鿴һ£ֳ˱֮Щɫ֮⣬ѾյһƬҲ
ԭĻɽʱѾø΢ɽ⵭ɢ¶Ŀɫͬҹһ㣬ѹѹһƬɽԭĿǺɫվǰú˶Ҫȥһ롣
޳һֵĸоһ̣ȻɽٻϤϸһȴ־úİ


1417 Ҫ
ʱ޳ҲԪ˵ֻ̧ͷ޳ܱǸַӽɽ޳ƱҪȥһˣȫ
Ŀ޳һۣǹ˺ðŵͷˣסΣҲ㡣ϵļڤܹɽСԸ⣬һæ
޳ʵ
ͷǰһ̬ȱǰͰིɽĽأǧδһ̤˵أԭҲδȥֻ̽ǹͻȻ֣Ҳܵģ˽ȥ̽һ£СԸ⣬ֻҪܲ̽ǷСһ飡
֮Ƿµ飬֪Ƕôܿɹ޳Ȼ⣬ǣһѵõĽɽĻȻᷴԡ
ؽ޳Ը⡣
һĨϲ˱ãһЩһͬȥԺиϡ
ߣ˵ĺǲԪ鲻мؽ
޳ﻹʲôģԸ˽ȥͽȥǡ˿ֻȽɽѰʯĸѾȲˣ
һļֺͽ롣޳Ȼ֪Ϊɽ룬ǵǷ⡣Щý뵽һصгʲô˭ܱ֤
ǡɽҲһ뷨δ¶ȴ޳޵Ҫ᲻ϧһдɱ
޳Ӽ˷£ȥϣȽʮɽЩһ𣬵һ𷵻ӭǡ
뻢˸̾ã޳ĸмȻ˵ֻƽ
һУ޳ǰɽϸɽ˼ڤĵİæҪɽǰҪࡣ
޳δʹȫһæһͨ
ȵǽ룬ͨպϳ׸硣
ϴ˵ôǰɽʵ
޳ǣδشڴʲôȻǿ϶ûô򵥡ɽڱصҲܲʲôֻŵɡ
תͷǰɽԼҪȥģǰɽͷ֪ϴİɡ
˵ĿĴȻȵغһϴ㿴ǰʲô
޳̧ͷȥҲһ㶣ԭأֻǰţһƬãء̺ڽɫ¶š
ɫطǳӴмʮȥ̽ѹ޷
һ̽ǲŷ֣ѹضһɽѹһĴɽ
޳ͻȻ׹ΪʲôɽΪգǵַǳУڰеġֻҲ뵽ɽһɽɫĴɽ
׳۰ǰɽԵظ̾Ǵ˿վɽ£һֻһ㣬һ̧ͷɵĸо·Ǵɽһεѹڳӿ
޳̽СһЩɽ򵥡
ǰɽԵͷҲһǰ췭ظһ󵨺Ϊֹǿֱ޳Ҫ̬
˼ǰɽҲЩŹ֡ǽ΢΢ţǼʲô𾪲ѵĻ棬૽ɽҼڵĹżС
޳΢΢ĿЩȤ
ԱһͬҲʵżпйɽļأ
ξУЩ겻ţԭصɽɽ
㶣סԼתͷ˽ڹżмɽ˵ÿһ㶼Ԫ۶ɣҲƼǵɫˡнľˮԪɡɲ⣬ʱ˺͵ʱܱݻ
˵˿ȷŵʵҲ̫˰ɣ˵ǴݻһƬ꣬ǻţҪ˵ݻ硭
ζţǵжǿܹ쵽
޳ҲǰѣԪ˵
ԪʱԵЩţ޳ĻشС˵ûɽıȷʵǸֻͣӦܵ޴ĴˣǺѻָǰʵˡ
޳˿ʵǰ᲻йأ
Ԫ϶ҡҡͷǲͬһ֮֡ǰǹǺȥģǹǺηʥڻ˵á
޳ͷһҪԵĵֶһ
վһ̧ǰȥȻɽѾǰ߶ʱŷʵԶĺܣʩչ˰ʱſɽ¡
һӽһɲãϢ޳˶ʱãéٿҪźС
ǰɽǿţֱſ˫ۣӭһ㣬غһ泩
ԪѾ˵غСӣ˿ɽһһȵģʱڣǺöؼˣǵΪа
޳Ȼ뵽ǰԼԪʱջͷһ
תͷǰɽɽȥҸط
ǰɽһʶķԣҪߣ޳ȴǵЦҡҡͷްѵá
ǰɽ£ΪѾԶԶϣȺ˵УΪ͵ģ޳浤ҩΪҲûжİǻҲٳ˺ܶ򣬵ǾǲһͻƵ㣬˴ã˵һǳõĻᡣ
ҧҧͷһ㽲УһŬϴһҪң
޳ļ򽲵ĵȥɡ
ԱߵĽҲһ˿ϲ˭˵һ֣ջ
Ǽ໥һȿֺسˣһشɽ
һشɽֻɫһɫɽϵľɽʯȫɫǽʱŵһŨľϢǻë׶չʱˬ
һλСģС̲ס̾һ̹һ
˵űһͷһƬɽֵС˼״Ҳ׷ףѡһȥ
΢΢תͷ޳һۣϸ˼һջǶŴԪĿսʤǣתһƬɽȵС
ϴҲȥˡǰɽ޳ͷһԼĵ㣬Ĵŷպãһ
˵ִͳܱż󷨣һ
ǰɽӹصصͷҲһͷˣһƬɽȵС
С㲻գԪ飬޳Ĵ㣬ֵʵ
޳ͷûʱˡ
ԪһҲٽ޳ѴȻǾȥ濴
޳ʧǣɽȣδ֣нһɽͨȥȴһӴĶҲԪЦؽǷǽܲˣˣô࣬Ҹطɡ
Ҳֻˡ޳εؽŲ˷ѵľҲ˸طͬʱҲСǼųҲһ
ԪһǺЩ꣬޳ղûãٶţֱӿذɣգõʲôʱ
޳һ¶һЦݣ𣿡
ЦʵѹôĹգҪ
Ԫһؽʲôոʲô𣿿˷ʱ䣡
޳ЦţҲûȥҴʼע뵽ﵱУԪ״ˢһ°ڿٲãϢ˲չһ³ܱɢȥ
ͬʱǿĵطȻһ𶯣·ʲôһ㡣


1418 ò
ƺ¡ѹӣһӽܵĿռգ޳ѹŶŹʼת
ŹתԪתٶͻȻüӿţȫ޳ӿ
Ԫӿ룬޳оһɾΥӴæӯѹסһע뵽ԪУһѹסԼľУʼһԪҲûţ޳ֳһԵע뵽ٲУ֮ŹעԪС
޳ҲСŵ㲻ҪЩԪֱӽ뵽ʲ޳˵ĵǰаܣǰ֮˿ҲСģڽд֮ȷޱȣע뵽ʶС
ʶһע֮󣬹âǰ࣬ǵŵĽɫ磬޳߷չ֡ɢŲӲӽ⣬ԽԽŨơ
޳յĲ̽һԼҲһ¡û뵽ɫɳ˿죬˿ѾҪʶᴩһʶСоһ¼磬Ҳһ硣
֪˶ãǽ뵽յȤУʱ·Ͳһ
޳ѾȫڵõϲõУһܿĸоʵ˷ܡԪҲѵõϲɫԪ֮ϣԪϳʵ̣˵ľͲ衣оĻع飬һ־Υĸоɻ󣬵ޱ㣬·ӦЩӦþӦġ
طǰɽ˴˿Ҳ뷨ǶͻϲȫԼֻԶسƬĺС
ʱɿ죬ƬԪ۵ɽУ·һʱݳ޵Ķ
ֹͣˣһжֹͣˣоֹͣ޳һѹһһһСڤģͷϵײתͷһѾ֮˱硣
ôˣ
Ƶ룬ԭҪԶȥ黹ڣȴͻȻЩѹ֣ԲôҪ͵һӦתͷһԱߵСˣɳ϶Ц⡣
ŽǼȴһ˿ӦҲûСȥ̽־Ȼһɣεסʯһһ㶼оǵ꣬Ҳ첻ǵ겨Ѿֹͣһ뵽ֿһ£ֱӳڤľͳ˹ȥ
Сڤŵ֨֨һ͵񶯣һǿļ֮ˢһ£һӾͽСһ˲׵ŭ̵ģ˭ˣǲǼڤģ״ү⿪
ûû˹Ǻĺ޳콫ⶫ⿪Щ֮Ҫ˵ģ
֪⼫ڤĵı̬ܹ֮˲佫ɱɲΪ
޳Ŀһ۱ɱһ߷Ըڤʩչ֮ǰɽˣһʩչСǼȥ
̺תﾳһĻѾͬնټϼڤĲδʹȫ˵߿ǰɽǵʱһ¾ͽջˡ
СֲԻУڣһɲǣһ˳ȴûô˷Ӧ֮һˢһ¾ͱյû˵ģͳһ
޳Ҫıɱ󺰴
޳ĿǶްתȥǰɽ
ԤϵһǰɽҲ֮⣬Ǳ֮¼϶ЦݣȻҲסˡ
ǰĽѵһ޳ֵʱ࣬ǽ⿪֮һ˿̽룬ǰɽһ޳վԼǰһ£ϴôûУȥһ𣿡
޳ҡҡͷ֪ĹΣûҵͨ鿴һкβ֮
ǰɽŷֲԾ¶صɫԼһǶ˿û£ǰǲǱˣ
ǰ֣Ҫһֱһֱ̬;һ亹᲻ԶѲˡ
޳ͷ涨ΣȥȻҲѣǼȻίУһͬվͬһϵˡ˽֮ˡȫĮӡ
лֵȡҲѾ׹ôһ¡޳мؽ
޳һһǵûʲô󰭣ŷ֮ҶСŵﴦΣⲻá
˵ͷǣǰһĻҲ£ҪתǰߵʱԶһƿһӰ৵һ³ǰ
޳˵ʱеἫڤһٵĳ嶯˾ȻѱҲ˳޳ɫЩӣҲǾ᲻ѣǰҲ뵽ֳٵУ޳ļڤľԼǷ޳һ飬ͺ޵ؿһתǰȥ
ûǰɽһ䣬ת޳ϴҷȻΣգԪӦģҸоǿ࣬Ҫ˶þͻˡ
ѾоͻƵֻҪиʵʱܹǸƸߵ㣡
޳ͷԪȷʵû⣬ӦܵĳЩǣջͺá˵űǰȥԪſԪڽţСӣղȷʵջСԪ˿Ѿ˺ܶò˶þܿصڶˡ
޳ͷ͵һ𣬼ʵ˵Ŀɵ棿
ԪüͷһؽȻԪүʲôʱƭ㣿
޳ﲻ𺳣صڶ䣬õһǿʱյ˵ܹȥ̽һʵʼվãǸޱȵһĪв
ԪȻҲ֪е뷨ȴ෴̬ȣǸòҪ⣬ǸԴĴڡ
޳Щɻʵǲ֪Щʲô
ԪǺȷֵĸоҲ˵þɡ
Ҳֻˡ
޳Դӽ֮ΣԽԽ࣬ҲΪ̫ںĸ׵İΣȥηͷηβĸоʵǲܡ
Ԫ鰲οҲˣչģĸ֪Тģǳο
޳ûнǰɽһǰȥڽƬɽ֮ŷԭνĲʵֻһִѣɽԭƽеģֻһرһظߣԿȥŻǵһ𣬴˿ǰߣˣɽ֮ϣܹһأ֮ǰ޳֮ǰ˻
Ǿߵƽͣʱ޳ؾЩ죬Ŵҽƺ֮ǰı䣬֮ǰĽҪǿࡣǰɽ˷ܵʵǲйأĽֹˣ
޳һ㶣ǰɽ˵пġΪȷʵоƵļŴ߶ע뵽ĽƵС
ᡪ
һһƬҵĻһһɶͨǰ޳һû뵽ˣ˿̴˵صѾࡣֻһͽͨͱ˳
ǰɽҪȥæסȲҪçײȽȥ
ϴҸ̽·ǰɽæ
ȴǲɵؽһһת֮ͨС


1419 ɽڶ
һ뵽ͨУһˮͬսһɽʱһȻë״ţ̩
޳Ծľɣǰ֮ҵģæ̽ܲ鿴֮һƬˮһԭʼ
ﻹһأԪ鲻Խظ̾Ѿжûִˣ
Щ˸еؽʮǰر仯֮ǰָоϧˣĿȫǡ
޳ǵһʱһȽϣо͸ԡԪеĸˣ̾Ϣһ²ܻͷ鿴һкر֮
ԪСŵ㣬ʹǱӡҲ֮ͬǰǰ㴿ֻΣ޳ͷиǶһСġ
һξ룬ããĶˮԼ̽ȴ룬ʲôסһԪȻҲ״æССнơ
޳ͷһʶľҪתˮȻһӴһ³ܲͱǹصײӣȻʧȥƽ⣬ˢһ¾ͱ˳
ϴ󣡡
ǰɽżĵ棬һ޳ͷɱ˹ٽʱȴ޳ƺЩͬŵüæ߶ȥҪס޳δ޳壬ͱһŲ֪סһ¾ͱ˱飬ǰɽŵɫ׼æϴû°ɣ
һ޳صڵϣɫҲЩ԰û뵽ղǹȻôǿһͱˣվǵѪɾҡҡͷû£һɺǿĽơ
ǽƣǰɽһ
ܽ޳˵֪α̬ˡԱ߼ǰҲʶ޳ʱһҲ𾪲ѡ
һŻͷǰһɫЩÿʵôһжǷͷж
λлǻһλꡣȻᣬҲﾳһ۷ʵΪҪʤ޳һˣѪʢ嶯Ըֱˬûô˼˿˵Լ뷨ҲֻǾ£޳λӡǲ
һҲ׷׳Լ
һҲɳһλһλʮˣкΰʵ޾γף굫ϸƤ⣬һһ㡣Ƥ˿һ˵һɱķζ
ǰɽܲ˵Ĵ˴ϵļƤԶЩǸϴһ˭ҪһĿһҪǰȥҲԡ
˿˽Ҷûôɡ˵ʱĿתһԵΨһһλŮӣʵŮ峤ô
еλŮǷһ峤òֻжʮͷޱȡΪҲ͸¶ϢԿʵﾳһ۷壬޳ΪӦʵȻһֻ֮ǣһζѡ
ŮһƬڱ˵ʻü۶û̧ϱһֱάԭ
ƺǶֱϰΪҲգתͷȥô
һǻƾɣȽȥ˵Ѿǰȥ
Ҫ޳첻ģǰѾǷ޳һ顣УûڵҪ˿̺òץһᣬҲҪһ֣
޳һֱŵЦݣЩһۣû˵
ƺ㣬ˢһ¾ͳȥĽ룬ǿһ㣬ˮɫĹâס˺ˮһ˲ʧڴΪɹʱ洫һͼһɴصײ˳ͬǰ޳һˢһ±ڵϡ
״޳Ҫأϱҳһ޴ӣϢήȥȻˡ˼״һÿһжֳָ֮ܽһﾳʵ˳֪Ǵﵽ˺̶ֳȣ
˴Σɽһаˣȥ޳ǰɽ⼸½ǰߣλ塣
ΰȻ뿴ҵľٶ˶δжһλǣΪͼһλԺΪơ
˻٣ӽɽʼ˼ٿڣ˿̷ͼһܣҶδжһһ˲ڡ
޳˫΢΢£û뵽˾Ȼҳԣ
Ѫ·籩ͼһŴηĳ˽ȥϴˣǹ޲𹥻һ㶼һ½˳׼ײϵһɲǱʩչˢһ¾תۻ˻ǱβȵڵϡʱҲѾƼˤķͼЦһת˿ȥ
ƼһĻǻģҲȥһԡ
˲ͬǣֱʵȫ߷ֻһ˲ξͣ˼ԭ壬ɲǼͻţĺ̼ͳһֻӴԳ޳ڿԳһɲǣһ˲Ļ㱣вԾظֳڻ꾳мվԳĻ档
漴ʧЦ̾Լḻ˵ȱǾԳһ壬ֻôݻԳѪѾǳĺҲֻڱ仯ʱôһ˿ƶѡ
Ʊ֮˫ǰ͵ش£һ̤һ¾͵˰յСһһһ¾ͳȥĳ룬ⱩǣԭȵӴ˼֡
ͬʱǳҲӴ
ֻһƵһҽУͬһƤһԶǰλܵҪأֱӱ˼֮⣬Զܸܵش𶯡
ǰɽ״һҲأתͷ޳ϴ㷢ûǻ֮ӵġ
޳ͷҲˣԽ󷴵ҲԽǿ뵽һʡƣ
һ˽ܿǷƣоԳԽײж󣬷ľж󣬲ͻƣ
ȵغǸ˵еķƣɾѰˡ
ΪĶߣܹӴܣȻȱ˲ͬҲţ˺棬û뵽Ȼˡ
ǽһõǷƣһѪ³˵ô˱̬ģԼڴԼ
ѾԶɻЩ԰ףǻѪ޳ڶ˽Ҳˣһ취ƾǸ˵Գơ
Ƶжǿ˭Ҳ֪˭֪ԵҪﵽεǿȣԣܵ˺ҲԽ󡣡ΰصؽĵǲ޵Զһܴ
޳Ԫ飬ûƽİ취ԪֹһСԼڶöˣʲôҡ
޳һ㶣ЦʷڣǿЩ·𡣡
Ԫؽ취СԹһ仰ˮڡԪ۵ġ赲ǵˮԪأǰѾ˴Ԫأԡ
ԿԪѹƣ޳ӿڵԼôûͨһ㡣ط۵ĹɣһرԪأڶˮԪأããһرĹɡ
Ҳһвɺϣ޳ɫЩоһжԽԽˡ


1420 
޳˼һᣬתͷǰɽøղյԪԿҲѹˮԪء
ǰɽ漴˵͸һ˿˷صصͷãΪ㻤
˵ŽŲǰһ磬޳м䣬ƳһĽѾ
Ķһ˿⣬ȴֳܱǻһж˺
˼ĶΪ˱ҲԾһ޳ѾǰδǰɽĶ˿̱ǣ̧֣ڻԪȫ۳δһԵطǷֳһţĳȥ֮еģһˮԪغˣǿĵһҪͱգһ
޳һϲæӴԪصŨȣԪصӣеˮԪزϱգһԵĵ·ֳǰһһβöȷȷʵʵĵ·
Ǹ˵ʱǰͻȻ˱ʣˮԪغƲԪصϮһ±Χ˹һˮͬ˳һһӾͽԪҲû
޳üͷһ͵һ½Ԫջɿ죬ҲһѾ
˼״ɫһ䡣
ǰɽżؽˮ̫ˣԪѹã
˼״ɲİǰҲ̽һ£ǵ޳ԪزʩչûþͱˮԪ
ǽһֱδжһӡ
ǰɽصʵô죿ȥҲǰ취
޳룬ڵԪصǻкܶ࣬ǰֳֻǧ֮һѣǣһأˮԪغ࣬⿿һ˵ȫѹơ
ǰɽԪأҡ
ǰɽ޳ǾԵΣ˵ͽԪע뵽޳ڡ
˼״һ£Ϊ֮۷ЩɶǾԪǵİ֪ǣǰɽȻܹԥľͽ˳ȥʣûǸ
޳ǰɽ֮Ȼܹģ֮޳ǰɽԪȫۼע뵽ﵱУԼԭȵõǲںŷȥٴ̽Եسȥ
һԪصӣܳſԭӴ࣬һһͨĵ·ĳǰʧǣ޳Ԫؽȥûþͱһ赲ӦѸ٣ֽᱻУ˳ֻһɫˮһ³һӾͽò״򿪵û
ȥǰ취սپСصؽղŵľÿ˶ˣΨһеİ취һӴͨȻٵسȥȻôˮԪֻҪһ˳ܽǺò׵õĳɹû
ʱһֱĮδ˵ĻŮǵԪȫ޳ͨһȥ
Ļʱãһ𣬽Եôƾʲôǽ޳õͨ򿪺󲻹ô죿
ǰɽŭؽޣС֮ĶȾ֮ԼôģԲΪҲɣ㰹˼ȾϴϴеĶԲδҲܣ
Ļʹֻ˵ĵ֪֪治֪ġʱᷢʲô˭֪һģǱʱѾ뵽ڶأֻż
ǰɽһҪ£Բ裬ƾԼı½ȥɡ
ʱüҵԸֵһء
ŮȻҲͬ⣬ԭġ
һֱδ˵һӡΰЦеģ񿴺ϷһҲǷҲԡ
̬ȣͻȻΪҪ޳ŵùҲΪǴͨ
ǰɽĻͻȻЦ򿪣ǲ̫߹ԼˣʵҼϴ㵽ʱһ㣬ˮûˣʱ˭ȥ
Ļʱý࣬ߵȭͷĶţǰɽۿ˵͵ļһ޳ǣѣк͵ģ
Ϻǣɱ۾˵Ϲ֤𣿿ôᣬһ֪ڼʣǰɽʾĻػ
޳ɫһֱվԶƳڴʲôȻ֪ȴûǸ˼ȥ硣ֻתͷŻ˽λŵù޳һԣͨ򿪣мλͨ޳ǡ
ô˵˵ɫҲÿŮֱǰһ˵ʵжָ֤һɫĹâԪѾ۳Ũһˢһ³޳ȥ
޳˵ͷ̧ƽǿԪסžһ뵽ԼľУ˼״Ҳԥ׷״͸޳
ԼѾֹ˺޵վһԲ˵ǰɽƵؿһۣεص޳мһºֵӣҪݺݵؽ޳ţܻҵģ
޳˵Ԫ׷ע뵽Լ֫СȽ뵤ﵱнһŰᴿע뵽ʶУԪصۣʶе磬ø
Ž緢ĲӲӽ⣬һǿȻ޳˫룬͵һһӴΧ֡
ЪܵķƱһ͡
Χþĵģ޳ֻоԼĺϸһ£ִʱУԪ۱仯սñ貣ȻһӴս⣬޵Уң˭޷ֵǰĽŲͻȻ̧صǰһ磬ʱһεѹˢһӡ
ֻһɫĹâˢһ´޳Ӷֱӳǰͨ
¡
﷢һҵĺˮǿҵײ
޳̧ǰֿһɫǰӴ޳̧֣ȫһײ˹ȥ
ֻһƬҫ۵Ĺâֻ֣ǰһһƬ޴ĳǴ
һתҪԶȴ޳
ˣǰɽ˵غһһ¾ͳȥ˼״Ҳų˽
ǵܿ죬ֻһѾ֮ͨڣˣҧҧǱڶɽջ񣬺Ƥ˽ȥ
޳ʱ˲Ǽ˶Ѿȥ㽫΢΢£һЩ͵һǧʩչˢһ¾ͳһˡ
һ˵ܺãһһǿˮڷӿţոͨ˸ųһˢһ¾Ҫᣬǡ޳ϵԼвһѡ
ط湻̬ģǰɽֱ֣Ȼ壬⺮Աȵϼڤĵļ֮ˣ
޳Сĵǧȥ
ǵ͹ڶص
ϸһȴ֣ԭȵģսƺһЩ仯һæʣԪȫһע뵽ʯСɲǼâɣһע뵽С
ڴۿɼ£ֻ޳һһɫĲۡ


1421 ڶɽ
ô£
ǰɽ˶һֲҴ޳ֻ޳˫Ŀգüн֡
˿Ѿȫһľ統УܵɲǼƽˮԪأӿȴһ㶼û˺оܳһƬ
ĸ֪ȫɫĲоһױȵƺһصĲٳ֣̽ȥץȡȻ쵽һ˿²ΨҶ𡱵ĸоҲֻһ˲䣬ǹɸоʧ
һ˲оһǿǴԪصһǱֱֱĳ棬˶Եؾ쵽ĺ࣬¶һ
ǰɽ˿̾ϴ
޳ץʱһ´Ŵһ˳ȥ
һµĿ֪ѾˣȻɺܵͣûļע֮ղѾùࡣ޳̽ܿ˿ûΣղŻջأ˶Ǵ˿ǰ޳Եظлл֡
Ҳؿ޳Ӧõġ޳ؽһԵĽɫվԭأǸлԼȴһ޳ɲŽ޲ɱ޳ȻɱԼ
ǰɽŽһղ޳δȥƣǿȥ
ŮѾȳǰߣȥҲ׷׸ϣ޳΢һ£ǰɽһ󡣽֪ʲôʱѾǰȥʱѾкһξ롣
һ֮ȴվԭزû߶
ôˣΰߵ߲ʵתͷĵĿһۣĿЩʵѵûп
ʲôΰɻ󲻽⣬Ŀ˳ָķȥȴͻȻԭʹһ˿֣Ļ޳˵ľٶͷһ
ϴ㿴ǰɽȻָǰ޳Ѿ̽ȥ
޳һ̽ȥһ˲˶Ӳԭء۾ӼҪѿĲţ
ôܣ
֮ȴʵĴǰ
Ŀ֮һƬãǣǰã֮£ȴڱƬɽԭɫ
ɽȣĲľﻨ㡣·õʱ˱ס˿ɱԭȵò
޳ͻȻֳһ棬ƿһֻֻԳƬϣֱһ죬֣ôƣ
ﾹȻڻ꾳мǸһģһ
ֻڻ꾳мģǻĳ棬ȴˣ
ΨһĲ֮ͬǣûоԳĺۼ޳Կ϶Ƭɽ
ôᣡô⣿޳𾪲ѣ˼ˣ
ϴôˣǰɽ޳ԣżʵ
޳͵һлָɫЩ԰ףҡҡͷû£ûʲô
˵ţ̧ǰȥ
ҲǰһĻˣ˷׷
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ΰһͷһ˿˲ǿһӣ
ÿ˶ǲÿ˶ܹõ˶ΣܹʶֶֶǶѾ޺
ǰȥֻƬɽǱסµľԭⲻȴ͸һҲ֪˶ꡣ
޳̽ܲ鿴һ£ڻ꾳ξпһģһԭʱطͱˡ
Ԫ飬ûӡ
ԪӸһ뵽ƬУĬʱ޳⺭žԼʧ
л㱵ģҲ֪Լ˵ʲôʱֻԼ
Լѹǲ𣬵ʶĸоǿңΪԼǰ
޳е£ϲʵǲǵ﷢飿
޳꾳з飬˵ԪҲӦÿ˲ŶԣǺ̽Ԫһμȴһ֪
ȻԪҡҡͷźؽģģļǵòǺʲôֹȥһҲԼɣ
޳һֱԪ״̬ʵǲ
Ԫɻ˼ãǲȷؽǵã˵á
ε̾ϢһüסĲסüסȴƫƫǵô׽Ū˰
޳οҲ̫żˣüĳ𡣡
޳һ뷨꾳Ƕμ䣬ϵشҲһ죬Ҳ췭ظʱ
޳Ĵһᣬǰɽ˳ɽȥʹޱȣҲҵͨһɽͨ
Ϊǰĵ飬˿վһһܣüʻˣûо쵽һֵϢ
üͷһ壬ϸһ£ҡͷûС˱֮ûоġ
ΰҲҡҡͷȻҲû
ɫһףоУһֵϢΪ˶ûо쵽ء
ĵһ飬ûио
ǰɽѾͷؽҪʲôɹģ
ɫһֻͣԼоˣ˶ûиоֽͲ
ǰɽ޻˵ӿ϶Լе뷨Ҫ䣬ȴ޳Ȼס
ȵȣƺڣ
Ļʱ˸оһëȻҲԼͬ׳ԵĲ鿴ܡ
˵˵Ƕš޳һ仰ȴΣʱðɡ
˿̴ҵľרעϣδɫǰɽս޳ʵϴ᲻ǻþǶû쵽
޳ҡҡͷӦòǻþҾһɣеʶϢ
˵ϢΪĻ棬һ־쵽ͬϢ
ǸռƬɽʱûеġҲɻǸӦþͲ⸽
ΰʵ޳᲻ˣûиоκϢ
ʵѾﾳΣΧûӦҪ޳ײŶԣ̽̽öδ֡
޳ɫأСĵǰ˼δֻ̧ʾǰ˼ЦҲ
ԭȻڷߺޣǳǰȥǹϢԽԽŨҲ˵
һʱҶǳֻʣ·ʹҵĺ
޳˼ͻȻǺȵ
˵һһǰɽʩչǧˢһ¾Ա߼ʮ֮⣬˵ٶҲѷɫѾ뿪ԭء
ֻһסĵطͻȻһŻ棬һӾͽռ䶼ȼĺ棬ⱻϣȼյʮֹ졣
Ȼжǰɽ˽ľѣǸղѹûʹڣǶûԷϢ
Ѿǻ洫ķηͷβģֳһս
ܱһƬţҶϢӣŵĵȴš
кһܶδ춯֣Ҫǰ鿴һµʱǰȻһƬһ޴Ӱһ½صڵϡ
ʹվڼʮɿ⣬޳˶ܵһǿĳǴʱΪѾѪ
˭ʥأ
һͬһڿвϵسܣﱻ̺һǿͬƳһ৵һ³޳˳
˫һһǰһ磬˫۳ǰһɫĹâˢһչγһϡײɫϲһǿ𶯣ܵıѳһϸ졣
ǿнһĿصķ
ֻŻ浱УֳһɫӰӰ۵һ³ǳٶ֮죬η塣


1422 Գ
޳һץǰɽһߣ
ǧʩչ£ˢһ¾ͳǧ֮⡣
˵ٶȾԱȲϼµǧ٣ֻһͱǺӰס
ǺӰջǰ赲׼ֱֱ׷
ģ̫һҧҲӣתǺӰһ
ͳԼĻǰǺӰصһȥ޴ĺһƬ𶯣ѹ𶯽ܶһƬա
ǰصӰһӾͽҵ˵ص¡
ѰǿǰɽһתͷͼһĻȵغҲ̫ױ˰ɣ
˵ɫҲһ˿棬û뵽ǺӰô׾ͱſˡ
ֻǻˣͼ´һƬʯһ㣬һһŵһ³
Ҿ˵ûôǰɽ֪òΪӰǿ̾ǣһ˲ͱһΣ֣Ӱǿ
ֻǺӰͻȻһ̾Żֳ˹ȥ
˫һ𻢹ǰͳźӰ˹ȥѾȫע뵽ǰУ̼仢ǰڹܴһƬ硣ֻһ£ܵıѾˣڻһɼĺܳ
ǺӰͻȻһŭ𣬡ģƻˣ
أ
ײ죬ܵıΪһ𵴣ѷӵ
޳˶һղǸǻȫһӰȻ׾赲ʵǿ˺̶ֳȣ
Ҳ𺳲ѣǰٴͿϣһιϵĴƮ
һ˲ǰбһںĹâˢһ±һ˶ߣվһСɽһֱһӴɽصѹӰ
ɽһӴĻǰ£ӰͬһֻһСȴȻֱ̧ۣ㲻޳һָŻǰһ㡣
仯ɲǼһĹâָˢһ³ӣͬһ̼佫ǰΧסӴǿĺ͵ĳⱩּ£˻δӦֻһǾĿ䣬ӴĵȻһѣ̼㱻߻˻ҽ
⡭ôܣֱԼ۾Ӧͱһ޴ײϡëȴѾˣʲôͱΧס͵һʹʧϡ
޳˵ɫˢһ䣬ͬΪˣһĻֵͬʱľ
һֱЦеĺΰ¶һ˿ʹĿŻʧķȭͷš
ĮĻŮҲһ˿ʹŵؿš
ڷͼϾˣͬԼǰ˺鶼ܸӡ
ΪֱӣȥǰĺӰһּǿľ¡
ϴǧӲӵùһǰɽ޳ʵ
޳ɫû˫ضǰǸӰȻ˫Ŀһüһˢһ³ǰ
ռһͻȻͬһҫ۵ǿ⣬̼ǺӰǰ
ʲôǺӰһɻ̧ľʹ˹һ̣ͷһƺߣƴ˦Լơ
Χϵĺɢòֳ˿Ʈẓ́ȻǱˡ
òȻһֻԳ
Գ޳жһ¶ֻȻĸоѹǻᷴؾϢԳЩԨԴ
󵨿ͽȻүүԳ˦һƣƺȻȥѹƣæϨ̧ͷĳ޳
˫Ŀͬһţ˫⣬ֱĿ޳еɱΡ
޳ηӭӣ̧ǰһӡ
һСӾȻսԼţʱðɵС񣬿үү㻹£
ǰɽһһֻӾȻϴ¹˰㣡
ձһӸͷؾͳǳ˹
޳˫һ͵˫ǰһγɣХһ쳯Žճ˹ȥ
ߣСղмһ͵ſ죬һ籡˿޳
һ¾ײһ໥ƣһʱ侹Ȼ¡վԳһ£û뵽˾Ȼ֣ɫҲ̧һȭǰ˹ȥֻһεˢһע뵽У˲䱩ǣһˮǴߣһӾ͸ǹ޳Ļ
޳ԭ̽һΪ״ҲתȻĻǣһӾͳмʮɸߡ
ѹ޳һȣҽǰһ磬̼Ļ͵һ׺úſ쳯ŽյĻ͵ȥ
ս׳ڿն˫ǻ׺ݵһģؿڲرһҫ۵Ļ۵һ¾ע뵽Сֻһ˲䣬оͳһƬ޴Ļƣգ̼ͽһռ
޳ɫһתǰɽ˴ﾳΣҿ쳷
ﾳ֮ÿһСرĲ죬οһ󾳽磡ζһ˵һ޷Խĺ蹵ѹֻһָ飬ֵֻܸ̫̾ã
޳˵ٶȷǳ죬޳Ļһ̧ͷͼѾܵԶǵһСܵ߶ܲүүģ
˵͵һȻֱֱ뵽£˲ʧȥӰ
޳ܳԶԶͣǰɽؿµؽܳҰӣҲֲ̫˰ɣŵڶɽﾳ㣬ǽػòǻˣ
䲻ȵ³һ仰ܻһ˵ɣأ
ǰɽһ۲ֻתͷ޳ʵϴûаգҪȻǴһ
޳ɫЩزδҲһĵƣԪԪҪӲƴĻǲֻһͻᱩ¶̫࣬һĹȱ˳룬Σˡ
ǰɽû˵Ҳң˵վһԡ
ΰȥܲ鿴һ£ǽããһƬǱɽǵþҵͨС
Ļ䣬ǰȻһЦǻͨһɽǸ𣿡
ɫһ䣬ŵĿųǰĽաȫ첻Ϣ޳ûע⵽֣ȴվǰ
ǰɽĵʵγֵģ
ղмƳһⷽضҺͳӲ˵ģ
Բۣʲôطǰɽ̲סսյ˵޴ӣ
Ѿ߹Ľſʴÿ̤һһ𶯣Ҳ֮һ֡ûѾͳһȻͬһǡ
޳ѾǼȫЦǰͷա
ðǰ޳ҲǸ⣬ǰִҪս޳ֻˣ


1423 ޶˼޻
˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻôһ䣬޳ˢһתͷûȻ˵ǾԳĺˣ
ղ˵Ļ˵һ顣ԳŽɫһ˼ƭԥһһط˭޷ģǱǹھԳһ塣
һĭȻЩ£ԹǰһߵԳǰҵǾԳһϵȻѪѾǳϡҲ޷ĥǾԳһʵҵ߹ǲһ㣬ʱ̽ǾԳĺˡ
˵Сع۲һ½ԳɫȻ˵֮󣬽Գϴŵʱ滺һЩ̬ҲͰ
ûСǰ;̬ת̫죬˴۾
һϲүүȻû
֮ʱүү߹һ仰Σյʱ򣬾͸ǾԳĺᣬҲһѣû뵽óˣȻҲ֪Ϊڻôһءǰ֪Լо˵ѪܹԽܣΪΪԼһ࣬ǴʱȴԼϡϡľԳѪ
ԳҲƾһ仰ǰһô¡¡죬һըͷ˵ǾԳһʲô֤ݣ
Ԥϵô˵Ҳ׼̧Լĸ첲ֱһһѪۣѪЩѪҺᴿ˾ȵĿУڵѪҺиֳһ㼫Ľɫ
޳ĿѪҺ֮ϸŵĵɫӻģ뵽ʲôֻһ̽־ʲôû뵽
ԳҲ˫ĿŽֱǲ㵭ɫֱӹȥС౧ڻ૵غû뵽ȻһԳĺˡȻѪ֮ԺԲƣǣôҲôһ˿ǧ˿ƵĹϵˣˣҿ㲻
һϲкݺݵĺһѾ֪ܹ赲סԳͻȻüĸо޳ҪǸСô
޳ʱ뷨ֻڽԳĹϵԭΪʮңԶľ˾ȻкߣһӸоһжôĺͻȻͻᷢһ
޳ܵСӣԳһôܻ޳ܺ󱲣ԪԪϿ壬ͳȥݺݵĽѵǸ֪ôļһһ١
޳ʵɷʶԳ
Ԫ顰͡һЩ΢мؽ֪ĸϵϵĺ˭ֻ֪ϧԳһû䣬ֻЩ
˵޲ˣǸоԼûһ롣
޳ȾҲ΢΢Щˡһֱڲ²⣬԰ֵ˻᲻ԳһйأҲĳϵ뵽ڻ꾳мľԳһӰȻһֱڷϣòǸҲпʵ
СҲˣǷǷǵʱжϣͷҲ벻ֻͨҪ֪۷ʲô飬ԪүҶվ߾ͺá
Ԫ顭޳мؽһЩ˵ڣһֱǵãԪİͶΣԲṼ
н̸ʱ򣬽ѾߵԳתͷЦſǣֺȻָ̧޳ǰǲҲСӿվԳйأ
ԳƳһۣͷĿ⻬޳繳Ķ޳Ҫ͸
޳ĿתֱҪҪʲô
Ȼ¶һЦǰŽԳｲǰҲһЩ飬޳Զĵˣ֪¹ŵйھԳʬһ£
˵ʱĿһֱڴŽԳɫʬʱͻȻ֪ԼĶˡǹŵصľԳʬǣпܾ޳ȸɵģ
ԳɫȻ䣬ؿתͷ޳ڿǽĻǷš
ǰɽĻѾ̲סǱѪˣʲô֤ݣ
֤ȻС˵ŴӻͳһһˮɫˮתԳǰܹˮԭʯ洢ӰҲΪ󡣡
ԳɻĽӹˮתͷ޳һۣѾ࣬޳ɫˮͷ
ĿɳγһƬ̹Ȼ̤ʵҪˮ˵ʲô
Գһ˼һע뵽ˮСһʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼˮ֮ϣֳһƬƺԵĺ
ע룬ˮʼתɫˮɫ͸л̵ɫ֣ر任һͼ
ڸñȽԶҶ̽ڿ˶ˮչֵһж÷ǳֻһõϢͼһֻֻԳ
ֻһۣ޳ľ;ϵ棬ֹһμЩ꾳Уеؿĳ档
޳ЩҪһЩ棬ԼĻǲǿܵӰ졣
Ȼ龰ɼɫ˳֣ҲֻԳսҲǸһģһľԳ¹ŵصڴɱ
һһģһչǰһʹ
СӣҪô࣬һжǼٵġԪȻ޳ԺУ޳͵һʶԳֻԳҲؿϵı鿴һ
һĻֻؽǰˣʮ֮ǰģǸһģһ϶йأҲϵϢܲѰԲԣҲԭǾԳĺ
еľԳȻֻɫľԳһĴˣ
޳ûнֻĿ⵭ȥɨ˽һۡ
˵͵ĻҲЩģġ
ԳɫѾȫض޳ʵ㻹ʲô˵Ϊһĳ˾Ȼֱ
˵Ѿǣᡱһ³޳һĻ˵üֱҪԤϵĻҪã
ﲻסźɴɣôһܾˣ
ϴ㡣ǰɽˢһ³ͳĵתͷ޳۾
޳һ㶣֪ǰɽʵڽԳһʤ㶼ûУпܱһƾ͸ˣ
ǰɽʱȴԵĵһӾͳ˹ȥ
޳СЩҲɵԱֻ֪̽ҪһֲԾ֡
ҲվһԽŵĿţǸ󵹸ݺ˵Ľ˼㡣
Ȼ֪ʲôֻǲ䲻ȵؽʶʱΪܣȰλǲҪ޳Գһ֮ĶԹֵܹģ
ǰɽһߴ߶ĵϳŽԳѹȥһ߷һ䣺ֵ֪ܹ㻹죬ǳʺİɣô
ҭһ仰ֻ࣬ú
ߣﾳδﵽȻү֣վԳǰɽʵΪмһΪ԰ʵԼߣʱֱſ죬ͻһǰɽ
ǿҵȼոСᡱһӿǰɽһ죬ϵ·Ѿͷδ⣬̼ͱյûˣһ


1424 ը
ǰɽҧгݣпٵһϵע뵽ĵϵУɫɽᡱһͣһӾͱȽԳ˺üصس˹һŤתʱյΧܵĿռ䶼Ť
СԳﲻмбһۣ˫ƣһ͵Ʒͬһᡱһ¾ͳɽȥ
͵һӽĵϲסǿɽȻڽԳ֮£ѹļСǰɽɫһǰһһһεĶڵϡ˫ֻϾּǿ֣˫ֵĽγһУебһǿɽȥ
ǰɽɽϣصǰһձһȣ
ıȣɽͬ򻯼һ䱩ǣͬɽ鱩ƲɵԳɫڼɽʱ˫Ҳ΢΢һУһĨ˼û뵽ʵСӾȻǿǱܣǡ
ǰɽһЦСӣȷʵЩǱүҲֻԲʹճˡ˵ţ͵һأһӴֱӡڡһµֱֱĳӶȥͬһηһһǿ㲨˵зһȦȦȥײɽʱ򱬷һ̶ֻһɽͱ𶯵ҡԶս޳϶һ˿ء
ԳʮǿСҪԿˡԪͻȻ޳ҲԵ˵ͷԪ˵ûǽյǿȷǳղһ÷ֻ;ǿЧһ֮ھǰɽ䡣
ǰɽȻҲһ㣬ɫ쳣أҧͷ亹ˢˢˢµ䡣
ɫѾ͵ͨ죬ȫˣɽǱԳѹƣסСҧȥܣУҲôң
ǰɽ룬ȥһĨ
ӣүүһǰɽȻȵ˫͵һģɽĵϷȴҪµʱǰɽ͵һգ֮ʧΡ
֮ɽ㡰䡱һ¾ѹֻһ¾ͽǰɽҵؽڵ棬м֮
ǰɽɫȻأ˿ûл֮⡣Ľȫƶᡱһע뵽ﵱУһ˲ĵбһǿֱǡ
䣡
һӴ̼ͽǰɽΧסһ㵭ĺǰɽΧ̫ͬһºͣȴɢһɹϢ
޳˫һУ䣬ʱǰɽϱϢİʱҲֹ
ȻҲһ㣬ɫһ䶼Լͬȥǰɽ濹ĽԳ͵һ˾䣺̵ģ
תҪȥǲŸһתͱǰɽһѱס˺ǰɽԵر޳ܣֿ죬һڴ㲻Ǵúˬˬһ㣡
˵ͬʱѾ任ɫԭͻȻ֮ܲҪһ㣬еƲд̵ģ¡¡
ӣҷ֣ԳŭغͬʱֻȭͷͬһصشǰɽǰɽҧȫƤ⵱УǱÿѪֻ֣ͬǯһ㶤ڵϣ۽Գһʱ֮侹ȻܽŲ
ģԳһ̧ͷһգһɲǣͻȻһ⣬һ硰ۡһ¾ͳ˹
¡¡һڴֵصţһһϣǰɽĽһɿ˱ŽԳ֣ͬһֻƨɵĺһץүүģôôֲŵһغš
¡¡һ׹ն£Գȫף˶šԳǿҪˣָСӣȻүүҲŪ㣡
˵žͳǰɽ˹ǻδǰɽͱУǵԭǳǰɽȥģǡôʱȥҲһ˸ţ˶ʱĵûڣϻð̣ŵƤսζ
̵ģԳ̧ͷһܲգƲ磬ҧҧ˾䣺ӲźˣתǰȥǰɽܣǰҲî˾ȥǰɽҲǰ׷ȥ
һһأһһǿһһ׳׵罵ʱֹֻ֮ͣܽӲܣҪˣһֿҲܵͬǿĳͷ
ԳѾ˿ֱǰɽ׷Ųţ֪ѾӲһףǰɽָ׾ܹҵء
תͷǰɽŭؽΪүЩףֻһƤëСŭˣҽ첻ǣ
Գ˵ţҲӱܣֱӳǰɽ˹ȥ
˿Χ죬һ䣬ǰɽվ統б⽹ۣѾûһƤ⣬׵ˣϻǹŲõЦݣ۾ŽԳ³Ļҧгݡ
㲻бӵҪмͣ
ǰɽ˵͵һҲٹʼֿ׽٣Ѿԭǿ࣬ԣҪĻɢˡ
¡¡նƱѹ˺һ㣬һǿϢǱ˺ѵĿռк£Ƭռ䶼޳ԶԶվһԣһĶ׻ˡ
޳һ˿ͣû뵽ǰɽȻٴͻˣ׵ƣͻƵĳɹСֻҪСӼʵһ
۲ǰһУ׵˰ﲻæҪŽԳĶº֡
׵統еˣǰɽѾϾˣ׵һһǿ󣬴ʱѾгô֣һ׽ͽǰɽڵУĻľƤ궼ʼɴʱŵأ滹еֱھأ
ԳʱѾٱŭؿǰɽǹһĨ̵Ц⣺С׽ٲܰɣ˸㣬үʵԶ֮ϣ㽫׽ٵҲ֮ǿɻ͵ű׻ɣ
Գ˵ͬʱϵϢڲϵذţ⽫ȫеֵһֵ׽ٵʱǣҪѹ
̸ܣǰɽһ䣬î˾ʹơ
Զ޳һ⣬㿪ʼʩչĳ˳ȥ
ԳʵԶﾳһ֮ϣҪֹȻ߷ֿ׵֪ǰɽɣ
ףԳͻȻ͵һͷˢһ¾ͳ޳Ƿؽ޳ҲҪһ𣿡
ǰ˴ˡ޳ؽ˵ͬʱѾ㳲ˢһ¾ͽ뵽˽Գԣûüֿ֮ǰͽ뵽ڡ
Գû뵽޳ȻǿһСľͱ˸š
޳뵽Գ֮󣬱㼱ٳʶȥ
תѹѾӵ£Գɫ͵һҲ˲ֻȥֿ벻޳Ȼܹ޵ת۷壬ԼҲת۷ѡ
޿κΣѾ˲ãȫڣ޳Կһ׵һصϣǰɽѹҲټ
һʱ˭Ҳκβ˭ֻ׵ܺţһʱ׵ɢǰɽѾϢ٣һҪĥģתٿʱ˵ɫͻȻú΢


1425 ǧ
˭տԳݵĻɫëѾȡ֮ǻսĶëڲֹͨ죬ͬպһ̵ð
˵ĿⲻԼͬ΢΢ƳһԲȥʱ׹ѾɢȥɫһƬãҰǰ龰ҲرԳԭȻû֣ͷƼԼ⸱ģ۾ɳ뵽˷С
𣡡һкں޵ĻŵУͬһܵĴضһ¡
СӣշŭĿǰɽĽȫŵأ˹ȥ
ɽСģ޳˫һʩչǧ١ˢһ¾ͳǰɽȥĶǳ٣ֻһգ۾ǰɽǰ̧Աһƣһ顱һ¾Ͷ˽Գ
飡޴ײ羪һ𶯣һɢһ޴ͬɽһ㱬˲ͽܵĵըѡ
ԳŭĿӣ޴˫ֻֻһȭͷԼ͵һһ֮ͬǿޱȵˮһ㣬һ¾ͳ޳
䣡
޳˷͵ǰһ磬ڼһھУᡱһ³Ź̼ͬͭǽһ͵һһ
أ
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Գһر𣬶ʱ˫ĿɺغСӣȻƻүղʬΣ˵ţ͵ڿգˢһ£ͳԶȥ֪ǳĳԭ޳Ҳ˺һһľҲųȥս˿Уڿûãһͣһӽһ
ͷԳﵹһӡԪͻȻЦһﻹǲм
޳ȴûȥ˼ЩȫеУ˫һ𣬾ͻͬļ֮ϣǾ̺͵ϣһһһշײ
¡¡޴һɿ͵ĳܵĿ𵴵γһǿĿ磬Զǰɽ̲ס
һֱĮޱȵĻƾҲһ˿ȣû뵽޳ǿȾȻ˱̬һǿȹģȻΪ࣬ȴڼİܹ󼰣û뵽޳һͨྐྵȻܹ࿹⡣
࿹¡һֱĬζ³֣Ŀ⡰ˢһתԱߵķͼ˸֪Щʲô
ͼĿ΢΢һδϣǴӡৡһ²ֱֱգҲǴһ˿Ĺϸһ͸һ˿˷ܣͬҵǿľǰ㡣
һʱ伸˶˼һĶǶ޳ǽվԳǵóǵƾǿ˭˵Ķ֡
޳ȷʵǿǾԳǰһЦүͻʶʲôԳ˵һХǵעۿɼٶȡ䡱ǣԭһСɽ̼ͳɽֻһָͷʮ޳ǰ
ɼһϢܽһͷͨţ죡
СӺڳʲôǰɽڵ·ŭغһ˵εȷʵһͬɱĻټʱӴһɽȴãã޼ʣƺҪն¡
޳о˾޴ѹʱܶѾյһСľҪ飬ľȴԽԽãһ㶼û¶ɥ֮ɫ
С㲻ӲɣԪһ޳δɵЩż˵кܴģ޳
˵ɲȻһĻᣬҲҪ龰Ԫ鲻ͣع޳ͣһ統УԳף޳ȻҪԿġ
޳ЦЦû˵ĿϽվ˵ʱޱȣĵͻȻһһҪܶԷ֪ܸоһʹ֧ҪѹԷöԷ֧͵ǰһ磬һž޴תһۿɼԳû뵽Լ޳ȻܹɫҲ࣬޳Цһ̧һơˢһ·̼һСɽ£ֱֱĳ޳ѹ
ƣ
޳͵һȣ˫ȭ͵һᣬصԳƣСɽһƴһҵ𶯣¡һɽһ㡣
Գͫ͵һŵĿԼƣ͸ղһӣƾȻҪ˺һʹ˵ֱǲܵ飡ôǿǿȣȻһСС˵ҪǴȥֱЦ飡
ٿ޳ʱĿѾЩʵ㵽˭಻ǿ
˵ͬʱָ΢΢Ȼǿ򶨵ĵ𺳣ȴӲ˵۾Ҽ㣬ɫҲǽͻȻһɾ⡣֪޳̬ǣδ뵽޳ȻǿýԳﶼʼɵ
ڽԳĻ޳ֻǵһЦδ˵
ܴﵽܵĥҲֻԼһδε崸ѹ޷ļѹȥͣⲻʲô˶ܹģԳ޳һ仰ЩӲȷһ˿أ꣬һһɾ⣬Ҳ֪֪ղһ̺Ǹ˳ɵĹѽһг֣ﾳγǰҲ޷ֿ޳һƣȻ˫ֲ㱻˺ѣ𺳿֪
СӣҪĥˣϿսپɡԪͻȻѵ޳ͷյ˫͵һӡ䡱һڿգǰһΣһεĲˡˢһ³ӡ
գһƣ޳˫Ʋϵطţһصѹͬɽһ㸽ţʱͬһǧɽľˣĿֻһ״ѹǰĶ֣
͵ͬһˢһ¾ͳŽշȥԳɫһݣ¶һЦɭؽȻҲͲˣ˵͵һһɳǿӿ
ôǿëӣǵʱ־ѽǰɽһԳƣ͵һżغԱ߼ҲɫأԳǶ¡
޳ĵﵱԪɫһޱȵؽͷԳﾹȻﾳεСӣǿӵ
޳Цڱһ˲䣬Ѿû뵽ԪһﾹȻ˵ʱע⣬ǲǾֻܿˣ
ﾳһζﾳ֮ǾǺ蹵һ㣬޳֪֮Ǿ޷ԽģʱҲ˲ô࣬Ƚͷ𱬵Գסǣ
Ԫصĵͷ֪ˣҲЩʮǿټﾳȫ汬ֻҪһָͷܽвɴ⡣޳ͷʾˣĺܣĲ첢δӣԽж־˵һηǳõĿ飬Գλ֤һԼʵ
ţǰĽԳѾǰѾ͵С࣬ʱֻһСļ̺֮ȴǰҪǿ˼ٱ
޳ɣֻܹ㲻ӦһжԹѵɴɱһٲɷŹһˣɣվԳ޳ƺϧ̬ȣòɱ
˵⻰ʱ͵һ̼Ӱ
޳ͻȻֵǧͷԳͷһǷӰޱǿķӰ


1426 
ǧֻԳˢˢˢس޳Χ£ӴѹɢǧУһγһӴϣ޳С
ϴ󣡡ǰɽżغɽѾͲסҪȥȴڿյһ̱һ˫סתͷһǻŮǸŮӴ˿סֹɱΪ
ǰɽಡһ¾侲̧ͷбԳס޳ЩȻ֪ԼȥǱɱˣȥ޳鷳ֻԼʵ㣬ʹǸղͻƾ磬Ҳֻĵص˰벽ﾳѣǵʵԶĺܣ
Ůǰɽ侲ջ̧֣ͷһ˲˲ؼдսˣ˿ҲЩӣǸǴڶص꣬ĻҪǿкȻһֵͷ޳һ䡣
Աߵơͼͺΰ˲δжֻǾĿš
ǵע£޳ȴһ̩ȻɽӣֻȵڿУûС
ڴΪһѺʱͻȻ̧˫ۣͬãһ㣬˫һ𣬴ڼһɰƣֻ䡱һ޳α㿪ʼ
ৣһƿ֣ƹһС͵ķˣֻǰһͼӰǽվԳİΧȦдܳᡱΧ£
ǧӰԳ͵һ𣬲ŵĿ޳Ƽ𾪵Ķ૵غôܣ࣬ôǧӰ˵㵽˭
һŵľţ޳͸һ˿Ц֪ںʲôⲻֻѪһܹɣ޳Ȼɣⲻ֤ҲѪһ
޳ѾýͣǰôΪôΪ˿ֻѵõĶһԼ
ǰˣ޳ĻڿգֱֱĳŽվԳȥĶǧҲ֮ŽվԳΧʱվԳǧ޳ΧУȴֱ޳ǧΧ
޳ĳ֣Ǳõǿת䡣޳ıǧõγһһƬռ䶼۽Գȴʮ̹ǱӰ֮ϵȴû޳磬֮ƾȥ
޳ҪľЧڿնŽԳıȥĶһӴܷתѱתеУ÷飬ԳﱻһҲоһɴʹ
Сй֮ԳԼ˫͵Ĺâֱֱĳ޳ȥһ˲һһȻġ
СӣȻ÷Ӱǿ޳ڿŷӰǿѹоһ࣡ľѣͬǧһ㣡
Գ̬ٴζ޳Ϊͬȶ֣Ҳһͨࡣ
ڸղһܵһǿ𺳣һ˲ͬһǿѹסһ㣬궼һ˿ҵģֱʼֿͬʱиţ㵽˭Գһкιϵ
Գʻһ£ŭغǰ͵˾Գһľѧ㲻
̸ܣߺ˵˵ʲôӲ㣡ǰɽ˽Ļֱɽͳ˹
ǰɽȰ㲻ҪԲǰɽľٶ˫͵һϹâһһȻ֣ͬʱ׼ǰɽٴκȵִҪҾͳȫ㣡
˭˭ǰɽͿ˳ˣ˿̱һƣһУͷ˹
Ҵ˿໥ǲðɣΰȻ͵ǰһǰɽм䣬Цеģ˺С
˵ͬʱĿתƷͼˣȻҲȰܡ
ʱ޳վԳѾòɿܵɽڲϵı飬˾ȵЩɽϵĺת˲ܵµѾѣǱͬԭһ
ƵĿ֪뵽ʲôͻȻǰǰɽȥƬռ䶼ᱻȫ±ʱ򣬿²ֻǱôˡ
˵ͬʱĿƳԶ޳ԳءһһĿȻƬռδ򶼱ѸٱǱķΧԭѾˣ˿Ѿſӡ
ǰɽһ£п˼һһٶ֣ȻǵıȲ޳ԳҲ췭ظһֻѩϼ˪
ȫվԭأżؿǰ򶷵ˡ
䣡޴ĺ˷ըӣѾը췭ظϻкһײһ𶯡
ԳѾ޳ȴӲһ񱩵Ĵʹȴһɱһδײ֮£ԭھеԪ֮÷һδײ֮£ȻԱ
Ƿǳܵ޳ҧӲĿҪЩԪ֮ȫɾ
ؽԳҲ޳ͣסϸĹ۲һ£۾һĿ޳СӣȷʵҵϣȻǾıĺˣԭ˵Ľ֮½Գһϧ飬޳һǴ˿̿СѾвɱ֪Լضϣ
ԳĻ䣬͵һһͬ˳һĽ濪ʼᡱϱǣƵԭյû˵ëǽӲӵëһΣյϢ
𣡡
Գ͵һ𣬷ŭĺŽͬеһըʡĺУȻһһ³֣ˢһ¾û뵽Գͷ­С

ֻһԳ͵رһƬõĺ⣬ͷ­һ޵Ļסǻͬԭ֮ᡱһ¾ͳӡ
ҪԷ𣿡¿ŵǰɽȫĿɿڴĿһĻֱϽԳ˼ά
һǵӶҪֻԳϵĻ̼͵һһˢˢˢظƤ֮ϣǵע£ǲۿɼٶƬƬͬһһ㣬
ףԪͻȻסһе㲻̫ţףɲһ߿ɵģԳﻹм͡
ܹﾳȻǲ򵥡޳ĬĬ˵ɫЩԳѾıԲٹ壬һҪԪص뷨㲻ټ
ʱԳͻȻͬһһ޳ĶϵĻȼһŨҵĻ⣬ޱȣܶȼճһƬյش޳ֻоǰһֱͣȥĸоæԼ廤סȻò˶ͻϢ
߳Գŭһת޳ǰ¶һ̵Цݳ޳˹
޳ҪֵȴͻȻܳһֵϣɵĲͬǴһرϢ͵һиֳ֡⣡
ԣǽ⣡ǵ޷֮޷⣡
޳⡱һ£ִͷĸо㽣ѾΧǻ治ûýһ˿ޱǿоԼѾȫܶ


1427 ˽
Ľһ·޷죬ǿˡֻһ£ͽ޳Ƶ޿ˡ
޷˾磬һô𺳵ĳɾͣ޳̬ʵʱҲһοǵµǰɽˣڸǾĿɿڴΪ޷⣬ʵϵ
Ϊϳ˵Ľϳ˾磬ɲǹƾʵܹɵģϳ˽һʵ˱仯
ʱԳϵëɢŲӲӽ⣬ͬԡһ޳ɫ鶯ޱȣ͸һɹ죺޳Ѿû·óȫʵϷһϸ°ɡʱûǰĿȴ˸Ӳҵġ
һֵһսĶ֡޳͵һ𣬻ܵһ±еսⱻ޼ֻˢһ£ϱһǿҵս⣬սһһУҲֻһ˲Ÿճ֣ͱĽƣ˲ʧΡ
ǿĽ⣡Ԫ̲ס̾һĬȥ޳Լӣ޳˵һǳõĿ飬޳ǽȫסȻע뵽ʶС
ƽʶͬһ磬Ȼ䱩ӲӣһС类ѡ
䣡
صĽ硰ˢһ±һƬ⣬Ƭʶ٣ҫأһжڸաֻˡһһǿƴʶдһֱ޳ǡ
޷ҲС޳һ䣬͵һ𣬽⳹ױȥһۿɼˢһ³Χ
Ӵޱȣֻһ¾ͽԳ޷һ
ǣ
Գ̲סһŵ㲻ŵĿ޳û뵽꾹Ȼǿʵһ˲ЦãһΪĽҲϳ˾磬û뵽ֻǳгɾѡղŵƲֻ󾢲㣬չֻͽͶѣ
ԳǰĽռƣֻ޷һֱᡱıǣʵһ㣬һǣǽȻ֮һɫСһ¾ͳ޳ȥ
ˣƬռ䶼Ҫһ㣬̶ޱȣҪµǰɽȭͷҷһ죬ΨӰ޳
ǿΰ̲ס̾һͬʱתͷһԵĻŮŮɫ䣬΢΢߬ȭͷȴеĽš
ƼɫҲЩأһ˲˲ĿſС
ԳĽѾӣⷽռȫһɽһɵɫĽţ˱޿ɱܡ
ৣ
޳ԳĽײһ𣬱һƬǿҵ𶯣ֻˢˢˢļܱɽһҪѵԳһˣ˫ȴǰһӣһ㽣ˢһ¾ͽ޳Χֵסĳ
޷˵ƣСҪˣԪ޷Ⲣİļűǿ͵Ľ⣬ϸһȴַһжԵúܿտЩ䲢һ
Ԫãʱ޳ȴһ󵨵ľٶͻȻȫĽⶼһ£ֻһ˲ԳĽȫƹ˹ܳ׷ס
޳ɫƽ͵˿ȫȫע뵽ʬУֻǽɫĳ籬ĽԽԽǿȻһɫĳ
ЩǽɫȫйɵתЩŽԳĽѹתٶԽԽ죬γһɽɫС
޳ֻо䡱һǽɫе͵شֺܳ壬һʵʣ̺Ӵ
Ǽʱ޳һ۾͵ࡣ
ţòţȻٴγˣһγֵʽκһζܹͬо̺ޱǿһȻûεŻ֣ȴԸܵѾɫΪһ壡
ںϣ޳ʣԼҲȷ⵽ôһ£ݲ˼ЩǰԳĽѾԽԽǿ޷֮ȻСŽԳһδηԽԽǿһɫĹ⽣һ޳ѹס
ѹжǿжǿ޳ҧѹεĿסȻһ㽫ѹ뵽ʶС
䣡
һ룬ʶͬһѸٲ˵ֿšֲӲӷ⣬𶯳һһһײǹ֮ϡ
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޳ʶжʱһ㣬ϣ𶯲ֹһ͵ϳôײ󶼼еšֵС
šһ޴ĺ಻ϵ߲ܡ޳һ̽ǵ̺ԽԽǿһϲһйȻһӿٵԳĽ⣬Ϊ޷ţԴʹһơ
һֱ֪ŵĳֲɴĽƣÿһŻһصļ䴫Сתˣ֮ŻһΣкȻһͷԭѾŽ⣬Ҳͨ
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ԽԽ죬оšյԽԽ࣬յٶҲԽԽ죬޳ѹֱӽԳĽ뵽ʶС
ԳʶԾʱĽѾɿƵس޳ӿȥɫٿһ֮ɫ
ô£ԳĿ޳ľٶǧ˭״ž޴ʵ£ԷȻǿߵĽȫˣ
ֱ˼ھȻ㶵ز֪ηӦ
µǰɽҲһ£ֻǰɽ𾪹Ǽֲ֣ͼʶ޳ı̬Ϊ棬ǿżվԭĿתض޳һһţϴһҪ걬ӣ
˿̵޳Ѿȫ뵽һľصУʶУѾתһķһһ㣬ͬĵ𻺻Ʈȥֺϴ˵顣
޳ʱоһɰĴĵȻڵһȥоһɴ⡢δйĴ֮С
һɲǣʶ͵һ⣬ˢһһ㣬ȴͬҫأʶ
޷죬ΪǧﱾԴ޵Сһ͵سʶУһ̨ʱ
޷죬Ϊ޵С޵У
ƴĳһ㣬˫͵һͬʱʶбһǿҵĹâӿᡱһ¾ͳͬʱ˶ΧһƬ⵱С

ԳﻹδüӦͱһɾ޴͵ȥһصſڵϰ춼
ͻȻһĻԹ۵ļȫˣǸܵһǿѹǾȻҪĸо
ǰɽѾۿһ̣޳мֱѾһ飬ﾳһ֮ΣǵûдƣѹԷһƣ˵ֱǸ񻰣
ٿ޳ʱһӴΧţЩͷųתͻһɫĹ⽣ÿһ⽣̺żӴಡԶ
ʱԳΧһڿǽɫĿʱɫһ䣬еľһţ͵޳ͨһ͹ȥСˣ


1428 ͻȻ
ԳһСˣôҶˣ޳ͽ˶Ŀ
СˣԳＸڲ޳ǻĲһήȥ
޳˿ǿ޷ʱûȥղһ㴥ʵʶнҫš־֮Ѿʶ̰֮£šȻʼںͬܵĽΪһһ㣬ĵΣԼǾ֮ϳһϸһһţ
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һ̣޳о巢һҵ𶯣ʲôһ㣬ֻоĵﵱһһ¾ͳʶ
أ
һ޴𶯹ʶн𳤺빰𶯣һƬֻ˵һ£𳤺Ϊһ壬һɲǣһӴк˲ͽʶ
̡
˳ʶľֻоĹʼ֨֨춯һ㣬ֻһ˲䣬Ĺоͬӡһ⣬˲ޱȡ
ᣡ
кһ˳ľ뵽һ֣չóɫĹ⽣Щ⽣ˢˢˢزϱ任ţϳɸָ״
޳֣Щ⽣޹˶֪ܵʲôָȻʼһӿȥ˾ȵĿУЩ⽣ˢһϳһ޴ַ

ޱȵһӣһ㸡յУһӴкټһ˺Ƽһλ٣Ҫѹǿҡ
ֻһ˲ͻȻһ̺͵ܱǧ⽣ವһ뵽ͷ׵ɽС
ҲһµıԭȾۺϵ˳Ȼʧʵ˿·ղŵһжһһжǻþ
ꡪ
ܺȻ춯һһƬãıɽ羹Ȼʼˣ
ԳһѾûǰķŭȡ֮Ǿ֣޳żغСˣûػ
ۿͨţȥԳһҪػĵطȻһˣʵȥµǣ
޳˿ȴʶУľУٴδһ
ĵһΨҶĸоؼһзյУǷ޷죡һоָоԼϿǿޱȵΣоѾԼ
ʱдһӡǣˢһע뵽ʶУƼһЩ棬ģ嵫ȴһɳʹޱȵĸо
ƼһʹޱȵѣƼ췭ظתƣƼĩգʹĺܵ˾˭ںȣ
Ҫȥǣ
͵һδףǹӡವһ±ʧ٣Ƹղŵһжһ
Ҫȥ׷Ѱʱ򣬺ȻԳĺһͻһܵıѾһƣͬ˿һ㣬ۿҪˣ
һжҺڵȵСˣԳﺰһ
޳ЩɻΪκСˣ
ԳҪ˵ͼԶһޱȥھǲԶһֱ۴ֵƣڿٵĳӹ
ãҿ쳷޳ǰɽǱ߳ȥҲȫڿն
ڿյһɲǣϵƳֵԽԽԽԽ֣˷쳣
޳ſ跨ѹסȻĻƬռ佫ȫסԪǰһƬⱻ߻֮󣬱ӣʱռ䶼ᱻᣡ
޳ͷǣæƶ̤Ľ⣬ˢһ³ӶһƬһУγһǿķ֣ˢһ¾ͳűϵıѹȥ
ͬʱԳҲ˷Ӧ޷޳ȥСˣ㣡
ֻ৵һͬ϶룬û˵⣬Ȼޱȵϡϳһεسűıɽȥ
ꡭɽбȻǰѾ࣬޳˿Ȼֹ˱ɽı飬ȴԽЩѵı֮ѹԷֹǹصƬռȫᣬû˱֮ܵĿռ֮Ȼࡣ
޳ԳѹƵʱ򣬴Ǳವһһһ޳ֱȥ
ϴСģǰɽæһѾͬڵһ㳯޳ȥ
޳һ˿Һһ˿̽ܣȻҪС˸͵Ϯˣ
˫һֻ͵⣬Ҫ͵Ϯ֮ˣһ˵ٶȱ죡
ֻȻٵĳ˳˹ȥȭͷͬСɽһˢһ¾ʹ˹ȥбһ֮ͽȻƭүүͼ͵ϮҼСˣҲ㣡
䣡
ﾳΣϽһ޵ǣʯͷȻصشϣ
ֻһƺߣ˾ͬƤһ㳯Զȥ
үүģǰɽ״æתͷ׷˹ȥ˵οӣ
ģһǰ¼¶޳ѹƱ֮ʱȥɱû뵽ǽԳﷴмǴ˿ͱҵϡã
һĴоԼľȫˣ䶼ʹųԼ׷ǰɽһҧע⵽ͷʹһ߶ˢʧԭء
ǰɽϵʱֻʧ͵һţԭذ˼ȥ
һ߽Գ˽֮󣬱תص޳ߣͨһͷʹļ׵ؽСˣҴˣ𷣣
޳ĳƺͷԣʵΪλ˳ƺң
ǵûĻǰտǽˣ֮죡̬ȿ˴ֲԪҲһƣ
ԳȻȽϼ̧ͷ뿴޳ֻ֣͵͵ҪӿԼһ޳ĻȻЩ˼ؽǰǳСӵĲԣС˳ˣɴ
˶٣Щҵؽص˵⣬Ľɴ
޳һ㶣ʵ⣿
Գͷиϰˣ˭ǵˣһҪвɵҪһ
޳ƣһδҲ̫ϷˣȻȷʵܲ汻޳ɣǲ˭ǶҪΨǴӣ
֪޳ʲôԳЩؽǵѵȻֹһ㣬˵޳һҪǾһϢϾУһǵСˣ
޳һǾһϢǵûĻԳ򽻵ʱ˵ֻ
һ̣뵽һֿܣǰصеõӡǣǹϢ޵ģȻݣȴйĪϤƺǰԽصоľԳϢ
޳ʵΪλһƬ֮أ
ԳһЩΪѣһ޳СˣҲ˵ѭ졪
δ˵꣬ǱͻȻסһ;ţͫ͵طŴǶʱѪ
޳ͷһæܹȥ


1429 黹Ԫ
ͻȻı޳˶оȣæܹȥ̽ȴֽԳϵڼʧͫѾɢѪֱ֮ʧȥ˺
޳æ̽ô£սʶ;쵽һӴ
һݣæŸһ뿪ԳʬԳԴ˵һը˿ѪĽԻֱֱӽҲ飡
޳ɫһ۵һĨڰֽţԳ궼ĥˣ˭˵֪
ϴ⡪ǰɽ㶵ĿǰһĻȻδӦǰһģﾳξȻô׾ͱıɱˣ궼δ⣡Ĳˡ
ҲɫأȫԼͬ޳ΰʵô죿
˵ͬʱسܿ˿Ǵˣռ֮ǻˣ
Ӧֹ˵һЩ飬׻ʲôأǰɽ
޳ûнҪǶҪ࣬ûŪԳΪλΪСˣδŪԳһкιϵûŪһкιϵĿǰΨһ֪ϢȴͻȻˣ
޳УһĨ׻˭أ
ǿܣͻȻһֱĬָܽ
ȥֻƬԭɽڻ⣬ıǱڻһϵĻˮֻһ󻩻ˮ㿴ɽֳ
һ޳һİǰЩڻ꾳мġһƬɽݷɽˮ㣬ûľԳһ壬ǻ꾳չֵһ
űĽ⣬һɲã֮Ȼϯһɲÿ˵϶һ˿硣
һɱ˵ǵĵȻʹŭʣ޾Ļ䣬ƬϢУǳû
޳ֻоԼͷһۿһ죬ͷᣬҪĸо
ƺ˾ԳһĿ޺Ҳߡ˫ֽ˽ָ΢΢ĵɫ֡
޳ҪֵһɲǣԪͻȻѵܳ嶯ȻǹصѣǶᱻ
޳ͷһ׻תͷһǰɽˣҲ˼ƺƬصıʹС
ৣ
ָнǰɽǷ˹ȥһ̣ǵȫһ£ӻþе˳תͷһܣʱһ亹ǰɽطôоһķĹһ
˿һƬãɽȻȥɫãȴ͸һղǹɱʹǼƬŵУ˳ԡ
޳ͷĴ鿴һ£Ѱҽһصͨ
ԣطĺܣǻ뿪Ϊ޳˵꣬ΰ㸽˵ŻתͷŻŮͼһһȲҪֿжɣطʲôΪ֮СĵΪ
Ļ޳ͷһü۵ɨһɨȺиĴ㣬ҲãϾǲϤˣ˭֪ᷢЩʲô
Ů˲δֻĬظ޳ǰһ·ȥԵľﶼδκα仯ֻǹɺ֮һֱΧþòɢȥ޳̽鿴һ£ɺ֮ȻҲޱȣԤǰԪزضá
Ԫ飬ЩǲҲͬգ޳ͷȻһͷԪ
ԭñ֤ܹɣȻһǷǻ˲佫Ǳ
Ԫ˵ٺЦһ£зڣղɾ
޳ҲһĨֱתͷǰɽҸطˮԪҲһ˰ɡ
Ļʱǰɽһ㶣ЦӸ࣬ϴֱǸţҾͲˡ
ǰɽ˵ţתͷĵطǰԪصգȻ󽫴󲿷ֶ޳Ƕİʮ־޴󣬹⿴ǳ߲㣬ֱӽ벽ﾳͿԿ˿̻ˮԪؿȻȲ
ƼҲİţҲѰ޳Ƕ飬дǰɽԼСģɽȥ
ǧٵٶȷǳ죬ת˲ɽһɽ޳鿴һܵĵΣطһ©Σʱ֮أʺ
Ԫ飬ʼɡ֮Ԫ齲
ԪүȲˣԪٺЦһ£漴㿪ʼʩչٲԪ߶
Ԫ¡¡Уػ򿪣ƻһɢγһӴ
Ԫ齫ܳ޳֮޳㿪ʼƶͼע롣
תѾͬնڴ߶ԪѾǳɣһЩǱſصĵڶת
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󲻶ϵرǿܵԪȫ뵽޳ڡ
ӿһӽ޳ûſ˫ۣͬһһ㴣һɽ굱вϵգϵϵĳʵ
һַǳ嫵ĸоᵽĳʵ֮С
޳ֻоԼľУﵱУʶУһǿ֧ţѹᴿǶһ뵽Ԫһע뵽ʶС
Ҳ֪˶ãֱоܵ¶࣬߳˵ıǵľѷֹֹͣգǰڲϵĳ
һܣһڶż˫۾ÿ˫۾ﶼ͸һɾȣ۾һ㿴Լ
޳ɫһͣЩ˼΢΢һվ
˶ǰɽһϴҲ̫ˣ˵һգһ˽ȫˣ
޳һʱˣܣҪ˵»ûʲôܱܹĹŹءʱ˵棬ҲýֻܸͣЦŲ˵
ǰɽҲֻ˵˵ܹԼòյԪض޳ˣŲЩ
ˣ˿ǶЩӵĿ޳˲²͸ʲô
޳ǽǰλԪأδ黹ڴҽ֣Ԫںһٻ㼸λ
޳ˣǰûǼλؽԪع׳Ҳܽ뵽ɽڶء˸ûܹҪģˣġ
޳˵꣬δǻشǰȥ˸Ƨĵطʼ
ԭȾɣõԪں϶˿ҪԪض˵׾١ȽڵˮԪشһˮ
ٽˮ뵽ֳֻһˮɫĻۣԪԡ
޳΢΢һ㳲ΰΧһӴѹ֮ӣʹں
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ںϣ޳ϵϢԽԽŨ֮Ӷϣһһֱ
ԶǰɽһĻ۵Ķǽ΢΢ƳۿһԱ߼ˣҲɫӵȰǣҪСȴ޳һ³գǷɹ
δǽ޳㳯ż˵ָ⣬̺żĹһ¾ûڡ
ǰɽȵŴ죬۵ĲšŲŸսڣ͸оԼϢһɾ춯صı仯ԪصȻ˷
ٿҲϲɫͺΰˣ޳Եصͷһ£ʾмƺͷͼȴͻȻ߹޳һˣʹ˱


1430 ػ
ʹ˱
ĻǰɽʱĿƺͷͼһۣ˵޳ϵЦݣ̽ȥ
޳ͲµǻߣʱҲ⣬ֻؽתǰɽǰȥ
޳ԳʬԱ߶į˰죬ȻߵԭǸɽ굱У˿طڿӽ
ȻһԭȶԼѺãǺϾǽԼһСˣִغǷ꣬Ҳֵ𾴣޳ԼӦˡ
Գ֮޳ǰɽȥѰҽһͨ
ʣ»Ůͺΰˣ໥һֿۣ˿ѾԶȥƺͷͼںΰ֪Ǻõʱ򣬻Ůȴ޳ȥΰһ£Ҳȥ
һǰɽˣһתͷ¶Ц£λ˼Щ˰ǡ
ֿǿ˿ʵƸͼֻƽﲻϰ˽ѡΰЦ˵
ƷͼʶѾһӣҶǱļˣ˿ܹɽҲĪҫȻƽﲢӴǴҲеģǺΰͲסįӵˣ˶䵭ϲһȥҲ˹
ǰɽǺЦЦÿɷ񣬵΢΢ԱߵĻŮɨɨû뵽Ů˾ȻҲӣ˼׵ġ
ΰƼǰɽĶЦЦȤ䣬һ뵽ŮĮʵǳ𱬵ƢĬĬֻеȤζϣǰɽ֪ȥƼ佫Ůŭˡ
ǰɽȻŮһֱĪľȥ䣺ŮǷ壿岢ϲģƺϲ
Ůüͷ壬촽ɽţδǰ޳ǰɽĻǹ˹̧ǰš
ŮôһֱĬģһǶ֪ءǰɽЦ˵ҲŮߴսһ㡣
ΰЦĿˣԾŮϵЩ΢ʱЩſϷ
ǰɽȫŮ˿ڵսУȫûŮƵĲԣԹԵĽţŮ˵仰ⲻ˵һ·ϣį
޳ʧЦСӵĴڨŮҲ
ŮԭԹԵţκһֻӬ˵ؽиͣƢͲôãԾŽ˿̣һ㶼ʶ࣬õƢڰ಻ס͵ıһŻ棬ͳǰɽһţһɷŭ˹ȥ

ǰɽһûͱײ˸ţȫϽšһ߿ƻ棬һڵϴŮôôֱ뽲˵һﶯأѽôôȣ
ΰҲ̲סԱ߹ЦǷŭ˵ȲȣûŮˣȻһʮʮĻҪյͷʣ
˵ͬʱŮϵѾ䣬ԭֻһŮӣ˿̺ȻǱһˣȫﾳεʵǰɽӹ
ǰɽͫһ𶼹˲𣬰Ⱦܣںţֻĺ꾫ǲ֪ʳİ
ΰЦĲƣЦȴƳŮԼĿʱȻֹϵıȻ̣㽫ˡ
ٺ٣Ǹΰεؽ
ŮͬһĴʻĬĬתһߣٿǰ޳䣬δͣǰȥ
˿ԭȱڻľɫûĿƣЩֿʼһֱ
Ԫ˵ⷽصѾ޳ɣķΧС࣬δȫռ䶼ס
ⷽرԭȵĵһѾ࣬˺һŽɽ̤顣
ڵڶɽĶˣǷ˽صͨ޳̽鿴һ£δƺͷͼ˵ϢҲδǰߵĽϢδôʱȥ˼ôֻ࣬Ǵֲִ鿴һ£㿪ʼѰҽصķ
оһȴһĪչǷ֣ڶ֮䣬һǿϣɵǳӣԪ֮һɷǳص޳ֱ治ʲôδ֮ǰǲһ£΢̽һ¡
޳ͷ̽ȥȴڴϵʱȻ˹ȥѾܸ֪мơ
ǰɽ˵ɫʱһ䣺ô죬⼫뷴һû㹻ͻƲ˰ɣ
޳ͷɫЩأмƵĻǻзơҺǰδʹôȻһȥǶҪܵɡ
취ɣӦûͨķ޳
һ޳ȫȥǲδϮǽǽظ֮ϸĲ̽ĸдҪ࣬Ȼﻹŷơ
ǹصȴ޷̽ǰͨڶͨķһڲдԪسǰȥԪһϣͱ˸ɾ
ˮԪȥȴķ֣ˮԪϵʱ򲻵ûбڷʼֱͦ˵һϢ˼״ϽˮԪһ
һֱĬĻŮͻȻˮ˻ӦöǻԪأһ˿˷ܣıԪض˵лĵط
ŮԻԪصĸ֪ȻҪ࣬޳ԼĶˣӴ˹ȣǼ˵һͬŬӴϽǳһͨȻխѾ㹻ͨһλŮȴ޳ǰȳ˽ȥ
ԡ»ľһˣǰ˵ȷʵȫģ޳лЩģæ׷˽ȥǰɽΰҶϡ
ǳ뵽ʱˢˢˢ⣬Ҳһû˽ȥһǰɽ˳󣬵ǱǰĻδ쵽
ȻǻԪأɣȣǰɽ̲סǲŸһⷽռͱһŻΧסˣֻȥ
ΰЩżؽǵޣȥ²ǰ취
޳ͷȷʵøϿͨ
˵ͬʱѾϵ򿪣ȥ˵޳ȴҪ࣬ڵϱѾȣƽҪࡣ
ŮԴһ뵽Ƭռ֮һͷ뵽˻𺣵Уû˷˱壬Ƭ𺣵У˵һʢ磬Ϊа
޳ƼһĻͻȻٻò׻ʣȥɡ
׻ʻδӦ̧ͷһޱ߼ʵĻ𺣣˵˷ܵһͷȥ
λԵ𺣵ˮǿԱ߿ȴԲõǰɽˡ
ǰɽϿһͲסĵʵϴûа취ʵ̫ˣŲס
һԵĺΰҲĿƵ޳ȻҲڵ취޳룬ԪԪҪ𣿡
ԪԴһ֮󣬱ͻȻĬȥϢ÷ǳ΢˿޳Ļü룬ȴͻȻе㲻ȷ⵹޳ǳ⣬ҪԪԸȫˣʱȴԪȻհɣǶɣȻ󿴿£Ҿж


1431 
ж
޳һ£֮£ҽʲô
Ԫ飬ԪȥҲֻģģ˵ƾŸоƺж޳λүƵĸܣƺÿһԪĸܶ׼ġ
δ룬ǰɽ˽ǴԣҪҶһָǡ
лϴǰɽ޳Ϲˣ˿ҲδʲôĵлաһԵĺΰ޳˴󷽣׾ȣ˰죬ͻȻðһ䣬ϴ㿴Ȼһֻ꣬һǺܸɵģ
޳δӦǰɽżĺģԶһ㣬ȻҸϴ㣡
ΰмĿǰɽһ˵Ҳ֪ϴ˶ĵرˣôΪҲϴȻҪŵСˣ
Ϊһֱǰɽ˰̣˿̱ΰ˵ʱϾҪȥƴ
㿴˵һˣƢ湻⣬ôСأΰһ
޳ĿˣҪҾͰˣȥ
𣡡ͬĺ
ǰɽôһΰҪϴ˼ͱ˵ȴ޳Ѿǰȥǰɽȥ뿪̫Զȼյ
޳һмĵطʼһɿԪأֻһѹһЩױȻʱƬؽŶķǻ¡
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޳ıǲδܵ˺׻Ůˣƣֹͣ޳ʱδȫ뵽յУ̽һ˵ĶҲһЩֱӽԪˣתǡ
лˣ׻ʻ˹ǻŮ޳׷ǹʣȻ˼ܣǺΰһ仰ʹǣŮ棬һǻὫֱɣǽɣֵƽ㲻õʲô
Ů룬΢΢˵ͷҲ뵽޳Уһжźã޳ſʼȫ
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ȷʵȵġ޳һ˿ЦĺδѾɣЩ뵽ľУֱӽѪҺȼҧȫ뾭Уƴ
һܱҧ֮󣬻ĻԪأ뵽ľС֣һ뵽ﵱУһʶһˡ
״̬֪˶ãֱܵ¶£޳Żֹͣܽƽ
˴״̬УͷһȫˣԭܵĻѾ⣬¶˵¶ʯ
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˭ϴ󣡡ǰɽɳΰһйϵӡ
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ǰɽ˿ܷ޳˼ʲôҲȥţߵ׻Ҳһ
һߣ޳ؿǰ˿̣ƬռڵĻѾȫʧ¶˵رʯʱţЩʯ̽Щʯ֮ϸĹ۲ʲô
Ԫȷжһ顣ȷʵоطе֣ǲδκĲ
Ԫ֪ʱЩ䣬ؽӦУڿɡ
޳˵ͷ̧ǰȥʯ֮ϣϸ̽Ѱһȥ
ǸһɵϢ͸һ˿ϤԭһԪ飬ȴԪϢ΢һݣæǸȥ
䣡һ޴ĺ޳ֱ˹ȥЩʯʮֻּ̣¾ͱҳһӣ޳̽ȥһҲ֮²δκң߷춯˵ģעǴ߳
ϴʲôǰɽɻʵ
¿жҽһЩҴĵط౻뵽ҽеķʯȡ׻ĿƵؽǸԼסĵطȻʱЩʹޣϾһŵıأһЩҲ㣬ӼҲ滹˱
ôһ˵ˣҲʱȤ²ؿ޳ĶǰɽĦȭƵҪȥæ
ŸҪ֣ȴ޳ȵҪҶ
޳ѵõ쳣ǰɽһʱжվԱһ仰ҽ׻Ҳǵһμ޳ҲվһԲΡ
ŮΰЩֵĿ޳ĿҲ΢΢Щ죬޳ƺǰһɻ󲻽ʱ޳ĶͻȻͣǰһͫ͵һŵĿǰ޳Ǵ㶵վԭأ˫ЩĿضǰ
֮䣬ǱҳӵУصĲҽһ߾߰ɫĺǣ
ЩǵĹǳӴȻѾ鲻ǴӴ׳״ʱģ
ʲôǰɽתͷһ£λȫҡҡͷʾʶ
ʱ޳ͻȻƵ³֣Գ
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޳̲סĲУһ˿֣ǲԸǰһУ
ǾԳĺǣ¹ŵصھЩһģһͬϢͬͬԴҪ˵ԼǼٵĶܣ
⵽ô£Ԫ飿޳вסغԪ飬ǼһȴͻȻʧһ㣬ϸһ£ȻϢѯ
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뿪ԪͻȻ޳ʶôãһ˻ܻ·Ǳһһ
ϴôˣԶǰɽ޳㶵վԭأ͸һ˿ʹ̲࣬סǰʵ
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·һϿ뿪ڶ޳ޱȣǰɽ˵ĿڿİһǰǸǫѷϹŵЦݵ꣬Ѳ
ǰɽʱˣæʵϴô
޳ıƺЩʹ࣬ݷＷһ֣ǰɽôܷȥҪǰϸ鿴һ£ȴ޳ͻȻ
һˢһ´޳ֱӾͽǰɽתﾳһĻ֪ǰɽֵĻᶼûУͱεĿס
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ϴ󣡡
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ǰɽ׻н쳣ţŵؿǰ޳޳ǵһʱЩ޴
ǰɽҪǰȥȴΰһסΰɫأǰɽҡҡͷħˣ


1432 ޳ʧ
ħϣôˣǰɽ׻ʶһղö˶˵ģôͻȻ֮ħأ
᲻⺡йŹ֣ǰɽʵΰɫصصͷпܣ޳Щ֮ǰδ£һˣųܡ
޳ǴݷＷôһ֣ǰɽ˵ĿѾȫͬɱһ㣡
ǰɽһܷ޳ܲ˵ĳǰ˹ȥϴһ㣬ǰɽ
޳˿̵ʶѾǳɫ쳣ɫЩžҵ˼붷ѾƲסѪһƬһƱʲôħ︽һ㳯ǰɽͳ˹
Сģΰǰɽ˹ȥһѽһԣתӳһ޳Իȥֻһ޴ܱһƬǿҵײܵʯȫ
Ǿ߾˵ĺǴӵص±׷Уȥ쳣ɲ
޳һĻ˷۾ѾɺһƬͺ߻ħһ㡣˫͵ԼؿһģȻ˫ŵسźΰͳ˹ȥΰɫһǰɽ˽ǿߣֵһ£
⵽ô£ǰɽҲƳ״ǰ֪޳ʵʱǰǱһ룬ת׻һԶȥ
֪޳ıԣΣһѹ֪˺Լֵܣһǳʹ࣬ܽ޳ڲ嵱УֻܶԲˣ˿Ϊ
׻Ϊ޳ħ裬ȻܹԼˣǰɽҲ׷ȥǶ޳Ķԣֻܱڻҡ
Ůûиһߣվںΰԣһ𿹺޳
ǲδʹȫ޳޳ȴתﾳһ˵ױǿޱȵǣϾȻҪǿࡣټ޳⣬һɫĹ⽣ֱӽ˰Χסǵ·
ΰɫһŻŮҪʹȫˣСӵʵҪ֮ΪһﾳεߣһﾳһεĶ֣ȴҪ϶ԷԼǿʵݣǼʶ޳ǿÿɳܣ͸һ˿˷ܡ
ŮȻԸ䵭ҲһɺսӣΰĻҲȼս⡣һ͵ػ˷˱壬ΰóһֻ꣬һһҳ޳
βΰ͵һβͻȻŸɫβͣһ˲ӴޱȣŸһˢһ³޳Ÿβͷǳ޳ܽεΧסͬʱŮϣ޳Ķˣ͵³һŻ档ޱȵķŭ̼ͽ޳Χס
ϵ޷죬ΰúβס޳֮ϵǿķȥ·ŮóĹ
ԪضƬ𺣵޳˵ֱС׼ף˫ɺĳϿһۣͻȻֳһЦȻѧŻŮӣ͵һ죬³棬ǽЩȫ
ԪضãΰǿЩԪȫΪ޳ãܶ˺
Ůɫһ룬ͻȻͷշȥڵһ֮͵һС̣޳ֱֱĳ
ĳѾȫ£࣬γһȦƽƬռ䶼͸
˻Ůȫļٳ̣ת˲֮޳ǰ׼ʶͳ˹ȥһʹܽشҲܹ赲һĽ
ɱ
޳˫һ˫͵һģȻȻͻȻϵȡӭŮ
䣡
һ޴𶯴ܵĿռ䶼𶯵òѡ

дһʹĺУŮֱֱĳԶȥ
ΰͷһ붼δ㳯ŻŮ˹ȥһѽסͷҲصǰȥǵ޳ѹܱȣ޴ʵ޷˷ϵƿȥȸղŸǿһ㣡
ֱΰһһﺰǷˣ޳̬ģǵһƼ
޳Ҫӣһ£㳯ǵıӰ׷˹ȥʱֻʣһͷȫɱҪΪЩеԩ걨
ǧٵٶǰɽǿԱġֵܱһ󣬵޳׾ٵľ׷ǣ
ǰɽһ׷޳ͱŵɫһף룬ҪۻȥȰȴ׷ĺΰһסץǰӣ㻹ʡʡİɣѾȫʧȥˣԽԽǿǲĶ֣ӶԶͶԶɣ
⵽ô£ϴǰûǰɽżʵʱҲĺˡ޳һֱȥǾûл·
ΰΪѽһô֪Ǹղҽʲôɣʲô취ѡǰɽ׻ʱ㲻ٽʼƴ˼޳ָİ취ǰɽ޳ʶ֮ȫһ飬ۿ޳ԽԽҲܲ뵽ʲô˵
ϴ㣬ĸڵأ
⻰һ޳Եһ£һ˲ϵŭǱʲô˰һÿŭޱȡɢˢһ¾ͳӣ⣬ͻǰɽˡ
ԲۣȰǽ㼤ŭΰֱҪˣ
ǰɽҲΣƵ˵ܶĿ֪꣬˼ŭ
뻹ʲôԻģΰżؽ
϶׻ʺȻһ䡣
ǰɽһ˷ܵؽûϴΪ˹ŭ˴ңҲã
ʲô캰Ҫ׷ˣΰżؽʱ޳ѾԽԽڹһҪץסǵģ
ǰɽ޳ϴ϶֪ĺһǳʧģĿе󣬿Ҫƻˣ
϶
޳һһ˿ҪѣֱǸģţһʱ뵽˾ҵ˼붷УٶҲˡǰɽһϷͲͣغ϶ﻹأ˺óǾͿԳףȻװֵޣҲˣүү֪ˣǳˡ
˵
׻̲סһѾһ޳ɫѾԵĳתͷĿǣǹЦ沿ҲǸ㿪ʵꡣ
ৣ޳ٶͻȻӿת˲֮ǰɽ˵ǰ
ҵѽǰɽɫһףʹ˳̵ľǰƴӴܣȻѾˡ޳ˢһ¾ͽⱬȥǧɫ⽣Χס׷ǵȥ·ǰɽ˵ɫޱȣϵˣߵﶼᱻǿޱȵĽ赲
ô죿Сʵ󶼲Լͬҡҡͷӵ޳ѹ޷ֿ
ǰɽ죬Ű취ҪȥֹȴΰһסͣҪٷϻˣּ
Ѿǻ·ߣǾԶԳһɡ޳ޱȣͬűϣȫµơ
ϴ󡭡ǰɽ޳ʹޱȣһͻȻ˷޳ȥ
ϴ󣡾ɱңҲʵ㡣ſеħϣ侲һ㡣˭
غ˫Ŀض޳Ҫ꿴޳ɺһƬĿǲ壬ѹûǡ
׻Ҳǰɽվһ̣޳ವķ죬ĵˢһ³ڣǰɽ׻ࡣ
С
Ǹղž˼ѵĵֿ޳ʧ֮ʣѳ
ˣҲ޳һˣҪ
˿̵޳ȻѾЩ¶һİЦݣؾ֣ǺĻ˹


1433 ɱ
ͻȻ仯ɽһƣͬһһ㳯ǰɽǲŵĿһУֱ޳ȻĻǳ֡
ǿ߰ΰżغͬʱһȦסٵԶȥǴ˿Χȫ޳ѹ޴ӣ
ǧһ̣֮ԶȻһƿ৵һ£һ⽣ֱֱ뵽޳İΧȦУǱ⽣ת֮ͱһȻֱֱزǰɽ˵УĹ
أ
޴ײضʱرɫɽתܵγǸǲϱѵ±ص޾ͨͨðеģ˲еƮУȴһǿѹĩ

ȻƾͻȻֵĹ⽣赲Ǿҵ𶯻ǽǰɽˡͬһƤһ㣬ݺݵ˦ԶصһϣҳһӰ
޳ɫĿͻȻֵĹ⽣˫Ŀһüһձһռһ
䣡
һ޴һ±ˢһ£˲佫ǹ⽣סֻͨһԭǿޱȵĹ⽣Ȼ޳ռһ֮ɢ
Զ˼һĻɫ΢΢һҲֻһ˲㳯޳
ı৵һչһµĻһӴֲɣϢһͶܣѹסԭа֮Ƿĺƺõѹһð࣬޳ɫҲͻȻһ˿㶣ֻһ˲۾ѪһƬǰˡ
һһ³͵һ𣬴ҲչֳһԶžͼʱĿıһԶž˻չ壬һֱӵչһɲãϢ֮Զ֮˵ȫ¡
Ȼ૵³һ䣬ƺ֤ʲôһ˲͵سǰһ壬һǿĿռŤ֮˫һǹŤ֮㳯޳к޳˫һԥĳȥ
ͬһƬǿŤ֮˵ķȴ෴ģ໥ײϵʱ򣬾ת˴ײ˭Ҳʾ̵رһǿĻ⣬˲佫ܽ÷ֱЩðĺǿ֮£̱˲ʧΡ޳һĻɫϵԽԽأƳʧȥһ㣬ձһԳХˢһ¾ͳ˳˹ȥ
ıܣҲˣˢˢˢֳǧӰһչԶžͼķӰ㳲ֱֱĳͻȻֵ˰Χȥ
ǰɽ˼ѵشӿʱ򣬼ľһĻֻ޳ͬһ㣬ǰˡŵ඼Ҫֹͣǣ߷ǧȻҲ̺ǿޱȵȫǷһʵ޳ɣһֿˡ
ǿͼϴ󣡡ǰɽȻָǰȥȻƼһεվ޳ǰͷֵǷµĹŻ΢΢ɢǿҵ⡣
ΰȻһŵغǷͼ
ʲôô˶ޱȣǵļзͼȷʵǣҲΰǼ˲£ʱȻܹ޳
Сز¶ԳΪͼ˽ӴĹˣû뵽ȻԷʵûδŮɫҲأȻҲԼˣ˭ǱһЩףԱʱ֮衣
ǰͼվ޳ǰһ̩ɽǰɽơ
޳Ѿ嵽ǰȴֻ̧ǰһĶܵĿռ֮Ȼһ㣬ת
ꡭ
ľ˿ռѵ޳ĿռŤ֮ͼŤ֮໥ֿһƬռ䳹׽ö
ߣҪ̮ˣΰתͷһܣżؽ󲻹ǰɽͬͬ⣬ץסǾͳǰȥ
֨֨֨ëһ˶ԼĻ鶯ֱ֣ŰӾҪȥȴСһѱסȻڼͷҲǰȥ
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Сżһۣ޳ûյᣬĿɨͬİĳһ㡣
Сǿܣȵ˵ǰɽһСǻԭۻһסǰܡСʶľҪʹŭǲŸҪ֣ȴһҵıը޳ڿճţͼ˹ȥ
޳ɢԶܸܵСһ֮ż֨֨ҲٵֿǰɽһǰȥȻὲѿ֪˿̵޳ǳΣգʹҲڴ˿̳ȥ

ɾ޴Ŀռֹײһ𣬱һ̶춯һռѾױ飬ͬһһ͸һлҵԪк룬һյĸӻ

һĻ޳ɫѾʱֻһ뷨ɱǰ赲Լϵˣ
ǾҪȥʱӺȻһͻȻоһ顣
޳ϣֳһ˿ѵغһ䣬Ԫ飬ס֣
Ҳֻһ˲ϼһΧתͷŷͼȥ
ͼᣬץס޳ոһ˲ʧ˹׼ʱ޳һתͷһ͵Ĺ
ֻȻԶŻ˫ֵУ͵Ļ£ĶܵĿռ֮ͻȻÿ类ǿ˰ٱĿһ㣬ˢһ¾ͳ޳ֻһ˲޳ͱռ֮סҪ𶯣ȴͼͻȻһָžһ¾ͳü롣
޳ɫһܵǺ⹥ȥ
أ
޴񶯻͵Ŀռ֮Уһռ䡣һɽƳͶʱռ˺ѡش顢ݣһռ䳹뵽˻ҵС
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޳кȻֳһص̾Ϣһ̨һ˿˹Ǵղһ̾ϢǴʶедģ͸һʹϧĻںޡ
޳͵һתͷܣǰһĻʱԭأôˣղŵʲô
ղŵĻͬþһ㣬ԺУȴֲɲţġŬػղŵһУͷ͵һ𣬼æ̽ԪгȥԪ飬Ԫ㵽ôˣ
Ҳ뵽ڸղһ̣Ԫ龹ȻͻȻ񣬽סԼǰɽ˳֣һ亹ûǰλзͼӿסԼɴˡ
ԪʱǰķͼȻŸʲôҪ˿ߣ
޳һתͷһܣȻܵѾң˿Ҫúܴܹվ塣
ͷȥǾ뿪ģһ̲סͷһۣһƬµѾЩǡ֪ԩ꣬·ˣǵĺ·ܵԼͷΡ
һۣת㳯ȥ
ɾҪصʱԪȻһ˿ʹ졣
Ҷһᣡ
Ԫ㵽ôˣ޳ǵûĻղԪǼģƷǳҪ뿪ʱҪʵһ㣬ͱͻȻסˣ
һͺã
Ԫţȥܲ޳ͷ͵һȻоԪڲ
ɾҪѯʵϸһʱ򣬺ȻһδüͱһɰУһ¾ͳǰȥ


1434 ţ˵
ϴ󣡡ǰɽҪ뵽޳ȴͻȻ˳ʱżˡ
ϴ󣡡ԭΪҪսһǰɽ˴ʱȴ޳Ȼһ㶼ûǰɽһѽסǵͷһȻ޳Ѿ뵽˻ԵУ
ͬһ̣׻Сˢˢ޳ԣĿܣ˻ͻȻϮ
ΰŮҲǰ޳ǰΰ˳վһԵķͼ죺ôͻȻ׶༪ˣĳڴл
ͼϲԺΰԽ͵ֳĶ̫󣬹
ΰһ㶣ҲǣǼҪضˣ˲֪Ź֡ʶղŷͼҲȥΪܹԳ뵽صУֻ̧ͷ˿ܣȵؽû뵽ǾȻô׾ͳƵ˵Ĳ㡣
ͼ䲻ȵؽûʲôͨǰͨˡ
ΰ˳Ƥεظ̾ϵţ˻治ٰ
ԵǰɽҲͷ͵ûһһţҾûϴ
ҪȫɱˡΰЦ
ǰɽɫһתͷ޳ʱڻԵУȴĽе̽һϢֲ״ŷ
Ӱ쵽޳ҲҶֻǴصĽأصȴ޳ѡ
ǰɽתͷܿһ£ɽĵأŵǻƽ
ĿȥȫľеĴ׳еϸߵͲβ룬ľżСɵĵ͵ħܹ
ǰɽüתͷ˵ҪҪȥ䣿Ҳϸ߽׵ħء
⻰ȻǲģǱħ裬ȥץħ裬ⲻԴƳǰɽһۣ
ǰɽûȤתͷȥҺΰ֣Ǵϴ֮ȥûи߽ħô
ΰԴӸղż޳ħ֮ͣ˿ǰɽһ˵ͷáǰɽ־ͬϵѣ޳Ӧǰȥץħ裬޳̬Ȳãһɥ
޳һʱѲ֮£˱ԭ¿ʼ
ʱ÷ɿ죬תƣȵҴѹʱѾ¹ͷҹ١
ǰɽϸ۲һ£ҹѾȥˣٹһʱҪףվҪ٣תͷһ޳ϢԭȸȶˣӦþҪѡ
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޳ٴ۵ʱɱһ֮ͬǰһ㣬ǰΧһȺˣһСǼ˳޲ĶĿԼ
ͷһԼ壬û״ڿʲô漴ǰ飬ɫʱһЩǸؿǰɽǰҴˣܾˣҶû°ɣ
ôһǰɽǼ˿ǰɽŵɵڵϣһӣ૵ţããǸϤ޳ˣ
޳ǵĽӲ˼תͷһʵأǰ
˵𣬴Ҳܲ鿴ȴѹûַͼӰ֪ʲôʱѾȥˡ
Ӧ˰ɡΰεؽǸһûǳʱˡ
޳Щź뵱һлղûİĻɴˣͷŸ𣬴ԪͻȻԪ
СӣҶԲ㣬עͼǼɽڻ˷ǳǿҪģȥա
޳ͷͻһæʵԪû°ɣ
ԪЩؽ޴֮£һʱ˵ˣİɣձá
˵ű뵽ԪвٽԼϢ޳ô˿ǰԪ鷢񣬽ƵλʶвϻطţľѣҸԪĽ̸һ¡
ϴô죿
ǰִͨصͨѾɽĵˡ޳߹˷ܵؽ˵ͬʱ۹ǰƬ̵ɭ֣۾ģ˼Զ
޳ЦĿǰɽ˼Ȼ֪δֻ̧һ£СǼ˻Ŷǰɽ߰ɣȥ
ǰɽ˵ĺһȥкΰ֣ǽȥûħ衣˵˱ǰȥ޳εЦ£Ů
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дǰɽעһЩԼ̽ܲ鿴ǳصɭֽʱɭֵĲԶȴǱһƣ
ζΣȻһⷽռµģǶϢ˵һ𣬻ͷವһķ򣬵һ̣ȴͻȻԼı
Ҫͼڵ΢ܷҵĴڡһָ߸ϣĻ˵
㵽˭˵ɫԭͷǳ԰ףʱһţѪɫ
ù˭ֻ㣬벻õٴ𣬱ǰ࣬ջĳһλ;ߡ
˳Ĭһ£ԭƿڴȴе˼˹ȥ룬ȥؽ룡ܰʲô
Ѿ֪֪꣬ԼĳĿģ֪ԷΪʲôȻȥҪĴۣʱܲҳɽҲǸ⣬Ѿ޳·Ψһİ취ǿʵ
ͻȻЦܺãҾϲɴǰҵķϣһرŴ㱣Լ꣬Ҫңһϵ
һӰƮ˵ǰ˵ʱɫ͵һȵغ㣬սǰ
û뵽սȻҲŽ뵽ɽ棡ǴʲôʱģԼȻһ㶼û
û뵽ٴ˰ɣˮתλϷˣս䲻ȵأʵȴý͵³
սǰ˵Ǿ仰˼֪λսϸ֪׽ĺǣлҲĶѡ
սĬĿŽϵһҲ˵ֻǾĵȴԼ˼붷˺һ˼òˣʵôΣ
Ȼ¶һ̵Цݣͬͬ⣬ʵһ𣿡
Ѿˣһ˾ǰǶԷĶ֣οս
ս˿̺ĵԼֻԼĸԸֿˣֿֿսȡ壬ȻˣȡսԼ꣬һĻᣡ
ãͬ⡣ҧҧӦ׸ĴȻ󣬵ҲõӦսʶһ̣ĵһǿĺ⣬Ժֻһ˵֡޳
ܸʲôۣҪ޳ʬΣ
ɭֵе޳͵һɺ⣬һ˿ɻ󣬾ڸղһ̣ƺоڽ
ףڽҡ޳˵һ䣬̽ǰȥ͵һˣ
ǸǴӽɽһ̾ԭȻΪǴû뵽ˣæߵǰɽʵкر
ǰɽһ㶣ϸһȴƵؽûаʲôû
޳һ㶣ѵ


1435 ֲ
޵Ľлһһ˲δ⼸Ѿ޳һ˵רˣɵóͬĽۣҶδ
޳Щϸһ£ǹ͸һϤǾҪԼ֪̽ʱȴʲôص赲첻塣
Ҳ׷ֻ˳ȻǰȥʱܶǲľˬֻǰɽȴüģƵؽôһɭ֣ȻֻһЩ͵ȵħޣɽҲ̫СЩ˵ôõԪӦǿħ޲Ŷ԰ɣ
ԭҪץͷħģû뵽˰죬Ȼһͷߵħ޶û֣ɵЩա
޳ĻͻȻһŲ͵ͣԪأ
ǰ߹ɽ涼ۼһŨԪأһܣԺֳ֡ľԪأ
ããһƬȫľľԪصϢŨңҲǵڲŻ֣ᷢǰɽ˵СЩȫľԪعɣ仯ҲڳϦ֮䣬Ҳɴ⡣
ǵģҲľŨ̫ˣӦΪԪصĹϵɡΰħ޵ǿпޣֻȤʹȻطһǴӽôãһҲ
ǰɽôһ˵ﻹץħ޵Ȥŵؿһܣ۵ľ裺ϴ˵ľԪرʲôӵģ
ѻ죡ǰɽĻ䣬Ů³֡
ǰɽһ㶣ҪΪ˵ȴ͵ķܵЩľͻȻͷ͵һؿܣͻȻԼƣѻ죬ջ˵ľԪرӣû뵽һ˲Ϳˣ
һɭ˶ʲôӣǰɽ˾Լۣٴαˢһ飬ܵľ˲˶ǵĶǳһ£ˢˢˢسܲ˲ͽǰΧס
Щľ˶ʮйɣľĸ߰룬ǰ棬ߵ棬һȦȦһΧ£˿ǴӸߴͻᷢͬһԲεĽǶһ㣬⼸˾ǱΧмȴŰū
⡭ǰɽ첻ҽһܵľǵϢʱǾŴ죬ʶĿ޳˿̵޳ҲɫأĿɨܣ˫͸һ˿ֻ޳һ˿˷ܣû뵽Ȼֲ
ֲΰ۾ˣ޳ŵʵ˵Ŀģֲ
޳˵ͷСǾֲȻϤֲǼ˽СΪЩֲӦûô򵥡
ֲͨղǾͿȥշǰǰɽզûһ߼ħ裬ʱһֲֵκһֻħˣǰһУûô򵥣˵ɫأȫҴ⡣
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ֲֻǽ޳ǰΧŲδжǰɽЩͲסתͷ޳ϴҪҪȹԣ޳üͷһʾһǰɽһ۾صһѽֱճɽ˹ȥ
ֻĺ󷽲֪ʲôʱѾһӴӰӰֱӽǰɽס
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޳ͷһ˵ӰΣȻ֪ܹöԷʧֲֲΪѾǳﾳ
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һ˲Աȴһ֨֨֨Ľɰǧֲ춯һӱޱӴ
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ȺֲȻԵƣ޳ܺѹѹһƬֲͷޱȡ


1436 Сǳ
սǲսǰɽʵǰսἤЩֲԿǲսѵǾͻ᲻
Ȼܣ۵ʱȺֲѾ˹
˿̰ΧȦһƬڰֻֻܹܵȺֲ𶯣ϵ֦ҶҲڲͣ𶯣ǵ𶯣һӰͬһ֧֧һ㳯
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ҸæԼΧסֻЩӰ৵һײϣһƬ粨һ㳯ɢȥֳȺֲϡ
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ǵƲӣ뵽޳УֻȺֲŻʵҲԣ
׻ʣ𼸸Ҳޱش߷ʱС֨֨ĽָָԼȻָָ޳
Сɺˣ޳һ飬СɸæͷֻâһһƬͼˢһ³޳ȥ
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ս޳ֻж̶̵һ֣˵һ·УüĽ˸һҫ۵ϽΧ
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СҲͬײżؿһܣԼɫԽԽ԰ף֪Ǻá
֨Сǻҵؽһ޳ţתͷ¶һЦݣο𼱣صǾͺá
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1437 ǻ
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ᡪ
һǰĿɿڴһĻֻȺֲȫǱѨһ㶨ԭأάŸι״ģϵĺӰѾʧ¶ԭӣ˿̿ȥѰɰز
޳ʱҲѾӽ̽һɨȺֲѾʧȥ˷СڲϵĴ߷̹ǡ
޳һ΢΢˹ˢһһע뵽СڣСǵõļӳ֣ϵ̹ԴԴϵĳܴ߷
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СԽԽż͵𶯣ҪǰɽĿƣ޳ģȻĲһ̹ˢһðˡ
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ϡϴ󡭡󡭡ܡܡܡֹͣͣǰɽҪˣϹ̬ģûϹ̬ôģԼ˶
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˿̴ԶᷢһĻֻƬ֮һ賤ֲһ㴣ڲ֮£֦ҶϵĶţɢһ̹⣬̹֮£ǧֻĴţħ޲ϵ
ָò״֮󣬼ıһĻɫʱһ䣬붼δ㳯ǰֲ˹ȥ


1438 ״
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ǽǱǼԪأһĿԽ
޳΢΢Ϣϸ̽һ£ھۼľԪأԪû򿪣ҲܽһȥֻʱڵﵱС
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Ĳʮְϸȥȷʵ޳Ϊˣ̽һֱȴһˣѹڳԣ
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϶û£˿ŶĽúñԺյһһ֡
ԭȺܲ⣬޳һ̬180ȵת䣬˵ؽã仰һƴã˵ʱȴڰֹôҵĿռֻҪҺν˲򿪣˭ܹ򿪣һ١ԣȻˡ
֪ǣ޳ʱͨʲôܹӵù޳̽飿
֪СһԺеͷʱ޳εЦЦȫ˳˿ܣѾûʲôɿĵطתͷȥ
ȥʱǰɽҲѾȻǰյлࡣ
ǰɽǼãһֱ޳ѾϰߣǺΰŮ޳ЩһĻŮ޳ʱڳһ˿컹û˼˵
޳ǵһЦڰʾû£תһܽȻҶѾ꣬ǱǰɣҸղѾ̽⴦ռѾһƬأҲûֵ̽ĵطֱӽһء
˵ͷá֮㼱ǰȥһ;ǳƽֱصĽضδܵһ谭ԽǰȫԽǲǰɽüʵϴﰲЩ죿
޳ͷǽҶСЩ˵ͬʱѾ̽ǰȥŸһͨصϣͱһɾ޴סһ¾û뵽֮ͨڡ


1439 ɽ
ϴ󣡡
޳
ͻȻıôҽһǰɽ붼δ룬ų˽ȥΰŮ໥һۣҲ˽ȥСǼѾ޳ڣ˿Ҳ޳û뵽֮ͨڡ
ܿӿͬһʱһ龰޳İǰڻбʱոĹǴ˵˭
񣬶ź潲ѰҵϢסǧҪ߲ˣӦʱ
һæס̽ȫѰ޳Ϣĸϣ˭Ҵ⡣ʱǾûҲռݺᣬһСĵȥǾҲزˣ
ͨʮֺڰĴ޹⣬ȫ̽ţ֪˶ãǰȻһͨͨȫʧصĵڵϡ
ﾹȻʱˣ̵ģʲôطǰɽˤƨָۣղһ˲Ȼȫܹʹãվ̧ͷܿȥ
ҲѾվĿĴһ˲ȫԭأ˵Ŀⶼǰ۵ĲţǷɽǵ۱һδˢ£Ѿ𾪵ľ״̬ˡ
⡭ʲô𺣣ǰɽָǰʵֻǰһƬɫĺɫĻ淭ţȴоȶȣһʵĸо
ΰҡҡͷƣ
˵ЩȷؿԵĻŮǻŮһͷȥˣŮһ㶯ûУȻǰĲǻ𺣡
ʱ޳ͻȻʧء
³ֺԼһԺвûڽصĸδȥǾڸղһ˲Ȼѿڶ
أΰɫһתͷһץס޳ּʵ˵ǽأĽأ
޳һ£ЩãȻĵͷӦǰɡ
㲻ȷ𣿡ΰϵϲɫವһգɥȡ
޳ʵ֪أ
ΰɫһؽҲ˵֪˵Ԫ½ԭЩĵطر֮һ
˵˵ǰɽȤʵ
ΰͷؽһҴǱ͵ģἰԪ½м֮أʹЩ֪ܣǵʵڵĿĲΪ֪֪
˵￴һ޳޳Ҳã֪޳Ҳ֪
ͣһ¼мعŵӦúϤһ¹ŵء
¹ŵȷʵءǰɽͷʵأ
ΰһ¹ŵأһУǿ˵ʮ磿
˵ȻһͷЦͿģϴշˣȻ֪ġ
ǻʮ統У⻰ǰˡ
޳δ˵ֻǳĬţΰ״ҲٳЩģֱӽӦҲȥԪ
ʱ޳͵һһˢһ̫޷׽
ΰڼţĸڵطɽ
ɽ޳еָоԽԽǿңϸȥȴ벻ͨΪʲô
һĽأһ˿աΰ˵˳ĬУʵ̫ңԶ޷ȥʶʶˡ
˵ǰɽɻʵ
ΰҡҡͷҲǺֻ˾̸Ҽǵ˵ʱ̬ʮֹأǸطһʮ˵á
򡭡򡭡޳зʣо˵ϸһȴԴտգʲôδ
ʶľҪȥԪ飬ȴǻʳھþûлӦ޳ȻʧЦԪ˿ҲùɣҲ֪ˡ
ϴϴʲôǰɽȻ޳˺üˣ޳δзӦ
ţ޳תͷЩãؿ
ǰɽʵϴôղᵽطǰĸǶˣǰǴ˵еĽصĻǵˡ
ﲻǽء޳ҡҡͷ϶ؽɽʹзӡطĶֻһĵطѡ
ǰɽΰ˵ͷҲô롣ֻɽ滹أǷӡණֻӡЩʲô
˭Ҳ޷ش޳ǽֱǰȥɣҲջ񡣡
˱㲻ٶͣǰȥֻ̽ǰȥ̽Ų죬Էвⷢǣ룬ȴһ赲δܵ
ԽȫĵطԽΣաж΢ЩţȫעעܵĶҴ⡣
ǵ߶ܵĽɫƺָһ৵һ³ɢȥ¶һͨ
ãã޼ʵƺмĵ·ȴǺɫģ޳ɫĵ·ʱͻȻʱյƶһȴԨ
оǰɽܿһ£Щ˷ܵؽ˿ֻоƮƮɵĸо·Ҫһ
ԵĺΰƾҲ͸һ˿˷ܣǵ۾ʱãţͻȻûе
Сģ޳ˢһ̽ǹȥע񡣡͵һӦʱһ亹ڸղһ̣ͻȻҪһֱȥͷ޳Ǵѣǻϳʧɡ
ҲҴ⣬ȫסǰȥһ̣ԭƮƮɵĸоȻ޴棬ȡ֮Ҫ׹߿յĿֻţǷǵµĺɫ·ͻȻ͸Ԩ֮һ㣬·һ̾Ҫȥ
ƽ·޳ģȴһħһӾ͸ƽеĿֻš
ԣĶǻþǰɽԼͬʱԼȫΧסͷβķһϢ
ΰŮҲ˳˼ӿǰĶȣ޳ǿ쳣תЩþ⣬ֻȻҵģʱ̶עǰɽǼ˵һСľʧɫͨϡ
ͨ˴Լаʱ˾ͷǰǽɫƺηϸȡȻϸϸ˳
ӭ칬Сþ
ӽɫƺкȻһͳ˿ɳƣ͸һɲɣ˵ʱŨŨܹϴ˵顣
޳˶ʱһĿವһѰ֮һǶȵصɴӣ֮ǰǰ󻩵һͷɢ˷ɢȥ
ӭ칬Сþ
ٴ𣬴˷¡¡¡ģͬһ㣬ԽԽ죬ˢһըǵĶԡ
Բۣǿǰɽˢһ¾ͳԶȥʵʵϸȥԷ֣ǲЩǱղŵġ
ɽ޳͵һȣǧʩչˢһ¾ͳǰɽ׷ȥһѽס۷κ£Ҫ뿪ԡ
޳ɫǳأûһ˿Ц⣬ŵǰɽɫһһ仰ҽæͷ
޳صԭأźΰŮҲҪߣطûô򵥡
ڸղһ̣Ըо˹ΪһѣͲ㹥һ벿ﾳߵķ˵ʵ֪ǷɢжһԷϮûС
ԲߵʱǰȻһ¡¡ǲƯĽɫƺ͵ɢƺֳһɫĴţ¡¡дŻĳǴ򿪡


1440 칬
صĴŴŨζ򿪣ֻоһɲãϢ
أɣءһʱǸоǳӣ˷ֲԼʵܡ
޳һ࣬һ˲˲ضȽɫĴš
еĽ̻ԻͲδ֣˭뵽ǽɫĴ֮ȴһƬɫĵá
ǰɽָǰʵ治Ԩɣ
޳ҡҡͷЦ˭֪ȥɡ˿ǼϲòҲû·ˡ
֪ʯ޳һ뵽ɽԭȡʯĸףѾһˣʯӦþ˰ɡ
뵽תͷʺΰֿ֪ʯ
ΰһ£תͷЩȵĿʯǸʯ
޳ͷûʯֿ˵
ΰɫһĵͷȷʵ˵ɽıϴǴ⣬ҪǧСˣ˵ⶫػӦòȡá
֪޳׼ҪȡʯȻᾭһս
һһźΰʯʲôͷ˭Ҳֻ֪˵ܹǧ첻ѡֻܹɽ޼οõˣҲֻϳ˵ʯɽ棬ʵ߲ɶã˵ʯģɷҲ棡
˵仰ʱһ˿ǣϴȻ㲢δʽңѾн㵱ҵϴ˵ʵڵҲ⣬Ǳʵ֮λϾкܴһξ룬ҿҪȡʯǷڵȴһʱգȵ㹦֮ʱȻʯ٣ʱǲʰˡ
޳֪Ѿûʱˡ
ĸ׵Ѿǳ΢ʱõʯΣǾҪɢصУΣҲֻһ·ˡ
ΰѾҲȰ裬ֻصؽȻˣһȻĳ΢Ƕٻܹһæġ
ֺαǫأʵɱǸǿˣ㶼ô˵ʵ޵ˡǰɽԼĺףЩ˼ؽ
ΰǺһЦҲ˵˱һȥ޳ڷźΰղŵĻɽʲôطЩ˵Ҳһǲʯĵط
ǽ칬ʱܵƺɢɫͨҲֱ߹ʧ޺ۡ
ǻͷʱȴʲôûˣһƬհס
µã·ûˡǰɽЦ޳ͷ߰ɣҪ󿴡
˵Դ̤ɽ֮󣬱ֻһǾǰѾû·
칬棬һƬĽ̻ԻͽȻ෴޳ʱȽɫĴţַ¡¡죬ĺ£ֱһ죬ŽĹϣ˿ܺϲ͸¶һ˿
޳Ǳ뵽޾ĺڰУһƬֻܿ̽ѰˣǵҲһ˿ѣطƺʲô谭ǵ죬ֻ̽Ѱһξ룬֮ʯѶ
޳ͷ˳вԾ𵱳ڻеΣʱԻ纣ʱҲ
֮ЩǿǺö֮ǿտһ£ˣûܱ㻺
ܱΧǰҲ֪͸Ĺؽһж
ܷǰľʱ˶ˢһۣȵؿǰֻǰһƬƬʰ쵵ƶ䣬׹һλõĻĺһ㣬ʵƲһһ˵ķŵϼҫ޳ʱͬһһ
طǰɽ鲻Խظ̾ǻŮԭϲЩ˿Ƽ˸ĿתǹʣһӦʰ쵿ȥһ顣
ǰɽһۣƼ˻Ůеķɡһظֳһ˵󣬽żĽʱǷʮ㡣
Ҳ֪ǸѾͷôˡǰɽЦеѾͷˡ
עס񣬲ҪþԻˡ޳
ȴڰݰ˵ȴһΣǰɽɫһ࣬ڿС޳Կ£һ³ǰȥ
ǵ߶ܵƲ㷭仯תɫǲδǵĿЩƲ㣬ɱմȾϣȴһδһ˿һ
޳΢΢ۣһƲʾнϸĲ鿴һ£Щƺ̺žԪأȴҲҵģδգֻѵȹ۲һвçײͷ
ǰ޳ԪǺϸ鿴һ£ȷʵˡԪлһ˿аϸ鿴ѹͲ֣ᷢʱоͶһ˿ԽǰȫĶԽӦСĽ˿̿ãã޼ʵԪǲҶ
ֻҶЩ⣬ԭΪһɽлɽԪں϶ɣû뵽ԪȫС
עˣǰб仯޳ѵ˿Ѿ칬֮ڣѾװѺڰȡ֮ʰ쵵ɫʣЩԪϵƲʻƯܣƽͣ͸һ֮
ľˣأǵҲʼҪиʱ޳͵һȣָǰ
ͻȻĳһӾôͣס˽Ų뵽һƬžУĬڿӵãǰδжǰɽǰϴǺδоǰ˰
޳üͷţҲǰԼĸ֪ǿҵĴڸݺӣֻǴ˿̽ȥȴʲôû
תǰɽ˽޷ǰ߰ɡ
ǲ߳ûã͵ͣסŲ̽ܲ鿴һղǹǿҵĴڸֻһϢʧķӦѾ٣޷ץסԷӰ
֮£ѾԿ϶ط˵Ĵڡǰɽʹ˸ɫĬĵͷȫϢǰȥ
ǵٶӿ࣬ǵĶܵƲ㿪ʼγһѤõķ磬ͬƮһ㣬شϻ
޳ܵһУͻȻһ𣬳ſǰɽ˶˽ǴԷЩƲ֪ǵĶ򣬴ҶСһ㣬Ϣ
˵ͬʱѾವһ¾ͳǰȥٶȼ٣ֻһ˲ʧԭأٴγֵʱѾĵ׶ˡ
أ
ǰɽ˻δӦǰһ춯ʲôײһһһƬˢһµܵƲ㶼ʼƮ
ˣǰɽͷһĿ৵ĳǰȥǴ˿ڸղŵǲ𶯣ܵƲȫǷǵȻЩƲ赲ţܴ͸ҲƲǰΡ
޳ѾûƺУȻȫֹҲɣҪתȫӳܹǰ̽ȥͬʱҲ׹ǰЩƲֹǵ̽⡣
䣡
ȫע뵽ʶУ˫һü͵رһŽ⣬ռһˢһ³ǰȥҲܶԷ˭ֻǰȥ
ء
ǰҲ˵ֿһɫĹˢһ³޳һӾײռһһҫ۵ĹâܵƲʸӻ
ֻӵƺһĵĶ֡


1441 ͻȻϮ
Ķ֡
ȴһɵϣˢһ¾ͳ޳˳ͻһǿײγһǿҵ
޳һˢһ±ײϣһ
ǰɽ޳ɫصĿǰֻЩʰ쵵Ʋʱ𿪣ĳɢȥأǰľ󻺻չֳ
ʱ˼Ƕֵˣͫ͵һǺΰǲŵغƣô㣿
һͬ飬Ʋȥ޳˵Ůͬ尡
ϵƸǰӲ׽ӽĿһ㣬ɨǡ
Ŀ˱䣬ż˾񿴵İһӺΰӹʱ򣬲һ˿ͣѹʶˡ
ΰɫʱһĵӿһŭȻǲǳͬ壬Ƕ֮ˣǶԷ˿̾ȻİһļƣҪԡ
ֻؿһۣǶվǰɢһΣյϢΰȥˣվʵƣԩ޳𣬴ҺôǷ֮ǰʲô˼
ΰĻƵĿŽջأĿеûм
䣬¶һ̵Цݣʲôкιϵǵ飬޹ء
㡪ΰҲû뵽ô˵ɫʱǹŭҲﲻסױΪһ壬㾹ȻԼı𣿡
ƺȻЦмĿ⵭ɨΰͷβһ󣬲Ų䲻ȵؽ壬˭ͬ࣡
˵͵һϵƺȻֻһΧţڵһ±ǣһͳԭȵһߣòҲһ˿ת䣬ȴı壬һֻûģ
Ķͷһ޵ɫ䣬͸һ˿Ĺâ۾ҲǻһɫģĿƺҲ͸һ⡣
޳һˢһתΰȴҲǾ֮ɫȻԼһĻ൱Ծ
ǵͷһʡ壡ƾȻ壡
ΰҡͷܵ˾޴ĴһϾͱһǿĺ⣬ŭĶ壬ȻһǵУǲҪ
˵УǲĳˣҪɱΪ飬Ǳĳ裬ȴǵĶ鵱Уôû˵ֱ̣
ΰٻƳ˹ȥϱڵڶεƣ弱ˢһע뵽еľβ޵С
ֻһǾβ޶ʱһƬǿҵĺ⣬ͬһһȥ
˫һУȴ¶һ̵Цݣվԭزֻ΢΢̧֣δһ۾ͳǾβһȭӭȥ
أ޴ײȻܵƲʻһ¾ͳƮɢȥһռʱÿտ
޳Ȼһʲôڱһ㣬һ˲ǵɫһ䣬ֻɢźľŽڱͻȻ˼Ƭĩһ¾ͳɢ
ΰŻӰĶһ㣬۾һգգؿԼ˫֡˺һ˫ֲſʼҵزӼѵתһתһɾӶ
޳˫һϣΰ˻ֶžһƴ˻ȥ
޴𶯵ܶЩҪƮƲٴα𵴿һƬտ
޳һ΢΢ջ֣ȴ𶯲ѣղһǶԷȻԺĵ£ҽò飬ǿͱһѪˡ
һƵĿҲ΢΢Щ죬ܿͽеɫȥĿ޳
ƲĵطƵ˫Ҳ΢΢ţղһм𺳣û뵽޳ȻǿԼûס΢һ£޳ԼȻ£
ϴҪ򣡡ΰִӺʵ󣬾ᱻԷҲԲһ彫Լܣս䣡
޳תͷؿһۣѸ˼šΰﾳεʵΪϿҪԼǿ࣬ͬǿ˵ȲԼӸղŵһƵʵԶ֮ϣ˿̲δ̫ʵʵ룬΢΢ԱźΰͷһСĵ㡣
ΰмؽͷһ㣬޳ִҪѹ޷ֿܸм޳£˵ܹսǶ˸裡
ΰ͵ĳǰһԷһ飬⡣
ƣʹ죡ΰһȫ뵽У͵һ𣬽ͣͻǿ˼£ǰصؿһβͣ˲䱩ͬһ㳯ƹ˹ȥβбӲӺ⣬ͬһŴһ㣬ɿس䡣
ƵĿһֱǱģͬһ˿̼⣬ɫδ仯ƺһ㶼żָֻ̧֣һ৵һ¾ͳǾβͳȥ
žžž
һһΰһҽУһ˲ͼβͽʺѪмѾ䵽ϵʱ
޳Ŀڽһ𣬶Էֻǵָ֮ͻһﾳεǿľ
Ƕں˵ζʲô˭ޱȣһ˲䣬ΰβ;ͱն䣬ʣڿУѾϢ΢
Ҹƴˣΰҧ͵ر仯ɱ壬֫ŵˢһ¾ͳƳ˹ȥʯٵľģһҪǣסһҲΪ޳ȡһʱ䣬һʵ̫ǿˣ
廹δƣͱһס޳Ѿ֪ʲôʱϣһ˻
ϴ󣡡ΰżغ
޳ؽν٣Ӧе޶ˣŬͿˡ
ᳫƥ֮£֪ҪȥɵӵΪղźΰȥԿֻȴһ׮Ը֪ԼԷĲ࣬Ѿףֹͣˡ
ΰĳһ˿ɫȻɷ߷ƽӲĽתͷĿһۣ±仯ģ䵽ǰɽԣŸһأǰɽͳŵҩˣʲôҪ˵ӱʮ겻лġ
ΰӹҩɷǳ˿ǰɽлһڽҩ£ߵһԿʼβͱն䣬ʱƣǴҪ²зϣڻüҩ뵽УϵϢǿǶڵϵβͣһ´ӵϷԶؽǶβ֮ϡ
˵ͬʱ޳Ѿƴս
޳ҲҴ⣬վԭأǷ뵽յ޳ӡ
أ
˷ǳĬزδʹֱӶŶԷƣǴײһȦȦ˳˿á
ƹ˶ڿгŶԷ˫ӶԷпһ˿أڸղһ̣Ƕо˶Է޳и𺳣ƵǺηʥղűǿȣȻǽԳﻹҪǿһ֣
ʱվһԵĻŮͻȻʧ죡


1442 үү
죿ǲ൱һĴڣ޳͵һƵĿʱһصȷʵģǾȻһ㶼δ
ǰɽһ죬ȻЩ͵飬Ҳ´ȥЦ
ȴʹؿһۣԭͣǺȻʲô¶һЦݣؿǣָؽΪֻһǹ˶þͻ֣ᷢ˱Ҹ޳ܣ
޳ͷһȻǻлδϸ룬ƵĹٽǰһˢһ¾ͳ
޳ɫһѾоһǿʶһע뵽Уˢһ¾γһǿķײһƬҵĺ
޳ǰɽ˵ȻһԾͳƳ˹ȥ
üĽһռһȻǽŸճȥͱһסȻת޳Լ˹޳һæԱһſռһĹȥȴȻƵ֪ʱչֳһµĹ׻
Ӱһ嶼óܹӰٻռ֮йղž˿ռ֮ŤתĹ
޳ҿʵʵɡƵؽȻ޳һ󱲣ʵԶԶҪ޳ǿö࣬޳ϵǹصĸоȴһɾɵҪһ¡
޳˿ȴͻȻûս⣬ղ̽鿴ȴڽӴƱʫʱͻȻһ¾ʧȥټƱʲôһһ
޳ͷֳأڸղһ̣Ȼ̽鲻ԷʵӴĽԳԱȣƵʵȻҪǽԳ֮ϡ
Ȼǲɹģ޳пһ£ԪرԪ޷أһƾһţĵƾֻʣŻˣ񲢲붯ܸоǻиҪô
ȥ޳һ˴۾ľٶɨһۣתŤͷߣǧٶȿ쵽£;ǰɽһסһ¾ͳǰȥ
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޳ǧѸޱȣΪٶҲĲ죬޳һʱô׷һľ롣
޳˿ֻһ뷨Ȱһ˵ǰȰΰĻĿӱʮ겻ƱػһսǲڡҪȥĸףν
ٶȷǳ죬칬ٴҲи޶ȣܲ˶ã͵˶ˡ޳Ҫۻȥֻڵظû취ֻԱߡ
ȻѸٵİΧܣڱֱһͨ붼δһͷ˽ȥŸսǸܾͨͱ仵ԭʰ쵵ƺˢһ±òӿγһС޳һѾδͱһɾ޴˲û˽ȥ
øϵƼһĻתͷһܣüͷ΢΢һ壬ﰵ޲ѡǰһʰ쵵ԪγɵУɢһ˵ƣеһ롣
΢Ҳһͷ˽ȥʱƲ޳ټʱŷԼϵˣ͸һջ֮ղžȻԻסˡ
ʱһ̽ٵѰ޳ϢǱ׷˹ȥ
޳˱о֮󣬱㱻ǹɾ޴ţɼĳǰȥ
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ǰɽ˼״ҲȫԼӳ֣ĸ޳󣬶޳Ǵ߶ǧ٣Ǽٵǰȥ
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Ѿ޳Ϣǽ뵽ʱУ򶼽ᱻҵ
ʱ޳ѾɿĳǰȥǵӰ৵һһ㣬󱻾޴ʱ֮ӰţҲ֪ԼҪȥƹ˺ܾãƲֻһȵǰֹʱ򣬼˶Щز
޳ȷӦ̽æܲ鿴һ£ֲδΣյϢ˿תǰɽ˷ŵϣǽʱȫˡ
湻˵ġǰɽص³һһڵϣһƣӣԱߺΰҲڵϣһǻŮŮӵ֣δȾٶ
޳תͷܣͻȻЩϤҪǰƵģǴ˿һͥԺУ̨ͤ¥ˮһЩ䳡䳡
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ޣ֣޼ҵޣ޳ޣ
޼ң
ţˢһµ̽ȥԽԽľԽԽ
һж˵ôϤʱߣˣˮѪһһľǻ
ҡʷԺǻЩʧ룬δй׼ȴͻȻָоŲУʶ̽ŷڳȥ
ǾҪӽʱȴ͵ͣסƺЩһ·ϣһӰûƼԭЩϤūͣʧһ㣬ͥԺĵġ
ϴôˣǰɽ޳ɫƵʵ
޳͵һ𣬽ವһ³˫гһ˿ãȻ͵ؾѣôˣôܻصԶڶ޼ң
תͷܣľɫȷʵ޼ңƺﲻͬͻȻĿⶨԶİյУ˫΢΢һУһ˿Ȼ
ǰյһͨǰǽ뵽ⷽռǸͨ˿ͨﻹԾԽ칬Ϣ
תͷ󣬷޼ȻڣЩѸٵطһ£͵һԭǹΪص޼ҵವһɢȥ
ӭ칬Сþ
Ǹ̤칬һ̣Ǹѹǣôˣ칬ԭһþô˿һоͶٵģ
Ÿô룬Ȼһ
㣿ǲ㣿һϵ͸ޱȼת˲ţ˵֮һ˲ͳǰ
޳͵һĿವһתˣǼ٣һӾͼغүү
ХһүүǼӯŲӾͳ޳߹ǾҪӽ޳ʱȴ޳ɫ͵һ䡣
޳͵һæȵ


1443 

޳һȶʱڳ˶һҶ֪һТ˳ˣھȻүү׺ݣХǲŵĿֻʵʵôˣôͻȻģ
޳Ѿ˿վХкЩĵطɫӸտʼļŭٵڵƽ仯ķǳ٣ʱޱվţƲʵ
ϴôˣһԵǰɽ״ҲЩȵʵӡУ޳ļʱǳأʱ͵һѵħˣ
޳ȴûзӦֻǾվţ̽̽ȥҰһռ䶼̽һ飬ǣ֮²δڻþеһжʵˣԽǾɲ̫ˡ
ʲôХϵϲɫΪ޳ķӦȥʱЩɫصؿ޳ǰڣ᲻˵ػֻ͸һЩ˳û뵽δ޳ȻԴԼѵıˣ
ôһ룬ҡͷЦԼˡΪ޳үүȻ֪ԼӣСʲôԣԲ޳ˣ
˼ţ޳ͻȻʹ˱ټ޳Ļ˵ĺӲƺڲʲô˵仰תȥ

ϴ󣿡
ͻȻľôһ£ХԲ˵ǰɽҲ׷ȥһס֣ЩؽȻˣΪҪߣ㲻һֱҪ𣿴˿̺ò׼үү
ɽ߰ɡ޳΢΢̾Ϣһүү˿̱ȥڵҹ޷ֲЩԼ˵үү
ղ̽鵽Ľʵʵ޷Ҵ⣬ֻתߣ˵ųҲ˵ТҲԣ˿ȥõİ취ˡ
ǰɽ޳ɫƺЩԾԭ˵Ȱ˵䣬Ҳ˵ֻǰߣĺΰŮЩĪĿ޳ֿߣ˵ļҲ˵ҪǰʱȴХס
λˣҼҳǲǳʲô£Х޳ͷҲصؾߣżĲˣ޳ղŵ̬ȰǱߣ֪ǽƺõ𰸣ֻѯ
⡭ΰ˵ȴֲ֪Ӻ˵˵°ɣ޳ڵ״Ǽõģû°ɣǰͻȻ񣬵ڻ£Ҫ˵
룬ֻҪҡͷ˼ңҷİɣ޳£Ӧǣȵ»͵ġ
ΰĻشХ磬˵ڷԼֻ֮ȥ׷޳ȥ
Х䣬ĶﱲΪҲˣ޳˿̵Ϊʧһ৵һʩչ嵽޳ǰסȻˣͽɣò׻һˣŶ֪˸㣿ôĲ£ʱпǻ뷨ġ
ǰ޳վţһ˻ص򣬰չ޼ҡټǰ޳ľɲ˿ڶоۼ˺ЩߣĽ޳Ǳ֪޳壬Ҫʧˡ
޳΢΢ȴδֱͣӹХǰȥ
ľٶХģһʧأವһºƱһᴩһʲô˲ãֻʣ·ŭ޳ТӣȻүﲻϣȥҲǻˣҽΪ޼ҳ
˵ű޳ʵȻ޳Զ޳һܽλɱǲǲХ죬޳Ҳ²֡
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ﳼھ޴֮£ֻһ־Хһ˫ſһ¾͹ڵϣĹԵʱ򣬾ͱεĻ⣬˲ɢڿС
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޳Х͵һһŭţ˫۱ͨ죬ʲô籩γһ
޳ͻȻоһʮΣյϢ̽һ͵һ־ڸղһ̣үүȻŻħļ
ôܣ޳оȲѣХȻ֪ģǷǳߣԼΪүүҲ˵߻ħЩүүѾүүһԼġ
Խ֣ҵģһХȥΧסа
ŸһӽХͻȻವһû뵽ʶУХϵаԽԽǽ޳ǹռΪãЩһ
޳Ķʱ뵽˹ȵףĿХ죬ʵ㵽˭
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޳ٺ˼룬һͼХ죬һǰһһӴХϣͱնãϵаԽԽ
޳ͷһ³ĸ֣ƣ
үүүүôܻмƣ
ǰХɢϢܿռȶ˵һжģ
ΰʱҲ˶ǰ޳п˰ֽţʵĿռ뵽ʱһͷʵģȻ˿үү˿ˣҪСģ
޳ͷ˿Ҳֻһ˵ܹ˵ͨˣжʱżХĿЩӣһϵƳױ
٣Х£
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һ޴ĺ죬޳ӴƺȻϽ⸡ﾳһεƳױ
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䣡
޳͵һ𣬴Ƴһǿһ¾ͳХȥתǿǰƵʱĦһҫ۵Ļ𻨣̲סҪ򵹡
Ǻΰǰɽˣתм֮оȵĲˣԭǰ޳δȫ˿ǲŸоתĿֲһ־ûа취⵽ǿ˺ֵز
ʲôΰǰɽŮټ붼δͳХȥһǰ޳ȵүүɱģ


1444 Ľ̸
ӴϯĻѾƬնǰɽǵĻŸһ֣ͱӴУ৵һ¾ͳɢȥ޳δºֻ֣˵ˡ
վһĻХΧסˡ
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޳ɫȴǳƽһжƿصУǰƵѹүүֻһͨĵ˶ѡ
̧֣һ˸ˢһֱֱ֣ĳХȥӴĻȼȵ̼ͽХסҪȼһϵѹ
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ͨ
һص죬Х챾ͬһڵϣĿţȻѾ뵽˻ԵС
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޳үүЩȻ߹ȥүүģֻҪȳĸ׺͸ף飬ұԺﶼȥˡ
һֱңֻϵĵԽԽأûѡ񣬵ȵһ䶨صӴԺļԡ
˵ˣХɫЩʵĸˣ
޳һĨ˸Уĸ׵ѾԽԽ跨үүģѾһЩߣò˶ǾͿƴһˣ
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һ˸еĻ⣬޳˼㽫˿ХôֻүүһˣأūͶûš
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˵Хеһ˿âǶǲȥˣɲ֪ûЩҩɶǱﰡҶЩˣȵҩΪǷǳģүүҲﲻʲôֻںΪ齨һȼҲΪáֻϧүүѾʺȻҲһȥһ
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ôһ˵޳üͷ΢΢иֳ˵Ҳ֪½ˡ
˼˵Х춼С
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޳صصͷ֪ܽζ棡
ٴЩԻǴڻþУǸһģһˣҡڲһֱԼ޼ҵԪȰҲƽ
һ仰ȴָХ콲ҲħѪⲢ޼ңĸһ塣ڵһҪĸֹ뿿ľħѪȻһıҲųĸ֮أ룬ǲƽ޹ʵľΪý顣
޳صĵͷҲǰ鷴ػһ飬Х˵ûǡ
үүãһֿܻûģ޳ʵ
Хһ㶣ȻЦǲڻԼǲǴͷģ
޳ɫһǰֻɣȻٸԼޣҲҲᱳȣ̲סԼ᲻үүġ
ХЦҡҡͷ߼ǰΥˣסˣĸʮ»̥ĺӣһѪأͱ㣬üǹʺòҲѵм٣
޳εЦЦȷʵǶˡƺֶˣһֳһš
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淢ԽԽ޳ֵʱ򣬼ǰһĻͫ͵һĶųǰ˽㻹겻ɢ


1445 ǿԿ
ƣ
޳Ŀ䣬ɢϢһ˲˲Ķǰɢŵӡ
ʱƿȥЩǱͷҺģ鲻粼һϣһϻһЩɫĹκۣȻʱг˲ٿͷΨһûı⣬ͬԨĺһ̵ӡ
޳ӵﶼᱻҵޱؽѾ޳ϢȫʹʱУҲܹѰҲҿˣǰ㱻ʱ룬ѭ޳Ϣһس˳
ƵĿܴ⳯һһͨլԺųǲСģӦò
ô£һԴһɫӰ৵һ³ǰƵ˫һУΣյĿͻȻֵߡ
ХʱҲע⵽ǰ䣬һӶʱ˿Ҳм棬Ȼδ򣬵ǶҲŹһ˷˵ӣѾ
ǳ˵鷳Хһǰ˸ĸоǳǿʱЩ޳
һԱ߼˵ɫҲǳţȷ˶ǷǳѲ
үүȽȥ޳תͷХ˵ͬʱдǰɽˣؽүүˣ˽սʱҲһܹХɱһǿ׷Ī顣
ǰɽ⣬Хԣүӣȥߣｻϴûµġ
˵Ųɷ˵رүߣȻʮֵ޳Ǵ˿̻չүҪֻƳҲס
ƵĿԵø˼֣ϸĴһХ죬ֿ޳ü֮ȷʵЩƣЩȣû뵽ﾹȻ޳ˣתͷһܣЩĽʱ׹
ԭˡƵؽоһĵ׵Ƕ˸⣬Ŀת޳ϣЦЦؽʱܹصУ֪кθ룿
޳ɫһݣƻоǺ⣬˸ۣ˵ؿռͨʱʮֲȶַҪĻ޳ǡ
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޳ͷ͵һƵ˼ѾķǳףвЩƬռı飬ʱǻܶˣ˴Ϊ̫ߣʱһ㷴֮ûС
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Ÿһ֣ͽ޳ܵĿռ䶼סʱоܵϣһϢһߣǶߵѵ壿
޳һˢ࣬ЩܱƳ໥Կһ΢𶯣ʮǿңȴ͸һŨصĸʴԣ֮Ż
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أ޳ɿƳ£һ±صײϡ
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޳΢΢ҧеǹսⱻ׼սһֲһ±޵սˢһ³ȥ
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ɱƱȵ͵һ𣬳ǰˢһ¾ͳ˹ȥͬʱΧȦ֮ڵȻֳһԭŻһãϢһ³ӣʱշ·һ㣬ȻҪ˵ĸо
Ӱ޳һ֪һӰΪʩչﵽһַǳֲĳ̶ȣ
Ȼһ˲޳оһǿѹ˶޷ֻ̽ϣһʮֹĹâܵĿռȫסˡ
޳Ժеĸֳĸ֣Ȼ˼ڤģڼڤҲоϢʱϱľָо
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ܱһҵĺͻȻоܵʼתһǿŤ֮ͬɴܵһ㣬ˢˢˢس
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һ߶͵һ𣬽һȫע뵽⵱УֵסΪЩȻľڹʶ
ˣ޳һƬӲӽȻʶΧסЩײڰΧȦⷢ˵춯ȴ޿κΣʶȣ޳ҪˣһѾѪ죬ͭǽҲĸֻһ㣡
ǿ޳ҲòӰĿռ֮ȻҲӰʱȴǱͻȻ˱仯ԭȻֹԶŻͻȻһƬȻһˮǻдͬʱʱоܵѹͬ⵽׻һ㣬˲ʧȥ֪


1446 
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ʱֳһȥ߶壬ȴһöûУŸһ壬ͱͬס
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˵ʱѾ޳ԣޱشԶŻУһգɽʯˮȥȻȴɢһʮǿϢϢ޳ܸס
⼫ڤƵӱԽŨȻЩ΢Ȼͬһ㽫ܶס
˿޳ѾȫıסʶҲڱʴǱ֮ѸٵĳʶѹҪ˶ãʶͻᱻݣ
УøϿ취޳֪ԴУþȻȵʶݣȫڶԷƿصУƾԷˣ
Ѹٴ߶һ³ʶеȥ
ֻ˵һⱩǽܱʶյĽӲӣһӴѹһ¾ͳ
ƲŸҪͼ޳ϺȻһƬǿ𶯣ʶؾһˣҲɢһЩ
ڣ޳˫Ŀһһ¾ͳʩչȥ̼ľȥ
ͬһ㣬һƬžͷ׵ˢˢˢسܳȥ;һܽ⣬
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޳ͷһеĻһͨʲôһתȴֺȻ֪ղҲֻһ˲ѣһ͸оԼǹסľҲû˶
޳Ҫٵ翹ˣ㶷ҵģԽЦʱ޳ͬһֻһǰϢҲԽԽá
ֻؾָ貣šһűҪߵĹţ̺Ÿһ֣ܵĿռ⡣
޳˫ĿһһǿŭƾʲôһֱѹȣԼΪˣȻС
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ܹ֮ÿռ֮ﵽ֮ЧȫӰƺԼȫԶŻԶŻȫܹ߷
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޳мޱȣµûȻһģһֲ˵ЩԭͬģȻͬģǱ໥תһǺܹΪã
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޳ԶžͼͻȻһ޴¡¡죬ͬһ㣬ֻһ˲ͽܵı飬γһǿŤ֮һӱû
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һ޳ľԭ鵮徹ȻʼһʵһһʰȻһˢһǰһͬʱһӴޱȵѹˢһ³Ƴ˹ȥ


1447 
޴ؼһжȻʧⷽһ˲ֻʣһ
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ⲻܣôôǿⲻܡϵҡͷţ˵˭ԲԼ
ƻţϵط񶨣Բ޳ѹԼ
Ȼô޳ԼҲһû뵽ȻֻһöԷͬɥ֮Ȯһϸһ£һ˿ɻ󣬰˵ûôǿƵΪѹǶ֡
𣡡
˻ںУ޳ܹоȷʵڼǿʮ΢ûƱֵǰоԶžͼǱضڻУζ߲ġ
Ǳ޷Ų޳ֻоĲŭ
ƺȻһŭ͵رסԼͷȫע뵽ʶУʶ뾭ԼǱܣһ˲ͻȻһ£һ˿
ƺȻЦ͸һ˿Ϥ޳ǲмһΪʲôͣҲһЩͼȻ֮ѣҾȻϵʵǶˣ
˵͵ǰȥ޳ɱѾ˼£ղһĻһ裬ղžȻĺˣ
޳˫Ŀһ˫ȵһ͵ǰһ٣˫չһ壬ཫȫע뵽ԶžͼС
бһɱ
ͬʱԶžҲȳһɱ
̼һӴȻ۳һŽɫĻ⣬ǽɫĻҫ̫ͬޱȣɢŵѹʱܵնȾ˽ɫԭȼ̼䱻ͣʱϢֻʣӲӵĺ
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޳ҪǳŬĿƲܹԼ岻飬һ£ƵĽӽռŤ֮ԽԽǿҪ˶޷ֿ϶ᱻƬ
ʱԶžƺҲʲôŤţ˻ȴӵĳأ޳ż
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Զž˵ϵһһصس޳ʶС
˵ĺܵĿռŤ֮ĺӳͬħһ㣬ʶлص
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⴩ͻȻ޳һ˫һһ̾Ȼɢȥ˻
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Ǿ޴Ť֮޵ֵײϣ޳˼ƵƺҧסĵֿšռŤ֮ʮǿǿ˱̬ĵز̼ͻᱻ˺飬ˣôһѪѪģ˺Ҳûжٲˡ
𣡡ԶžƺҲĲףһͺ֧һ㣬޳ҧļţؽһ˿룬彥ɣ˳ӦռŤ֮
ԶƾҪ嵽ǰȻߵ춯һ˿ɻЦ޳ǸӣһΣˣռ֮ɲôõģ
ǰԼΪɣ֪˶ٿ࣬СӾȻҪһ˲ɣֱǳıӵ̰Ĳ󣬱Ȼ
ͻȻŲ뿴޳Լ󵼣Լ飬궼ʲôӣ
޳ȷʵǳãĳ룬о屻˺ѵĳ̶ԽԽԶžͼֿ˾󲿷ֵ˿ͱ˺ˡ
ڵͺ޳ĳҲܵŤ֮ǿ޳ѹԽԽǿҧҪжȥԼļɣþɣԼʶɣԼ뵽Ƭռ䵱С
ȻʮּоԼѪҺҪˣأƺоܵڼȻʵĸо˽䣡
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޳ѵһ˿ϢҪƲ֮ǰſռ֮оԼѾʼӦȻɱݲеʮʹ֮࣬ǰѾ࣬Ѫ֪ˣΪļ˿Ѿ
޳ʼĽע뵽Уһǿͬʱһ˳ӦܵĿռŤ֮
ͬһˮܵḶ́ӦľܵĿռŤ֮ҲôԵֿоѾ뵽ռ֮С

͵һͻȻֻȻʵĸо
롪롪
һɲǣʶоһαĽˢһ½û
һ̣޳Ժгĸ֡Ӧ˶
Ӧ˶Ӧ˶޳߶ĸ֣ϵĸţֵ˳Ӧܵʱһǻ
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ǣ޳ϱûгȫû뵽Զž˶С
͵һʶԼϵˣŸҪǰţͻȻǾǵξȻۿɼٶԽԽʵһɲɣĸоƲסð
𣡡һ޴ǰκһζ޴ܵĿռ֮ӿ󲻹ܲ˵ĳǾӿ롣
޳ıƳһ޴ĺڶϵЩգ˵ҲԽԽǿ¡¡ֱֱĳ
ˣһ͵һ⣬׽ΧδüͱǺУһӾವһ±һİ
Ȼ壡޳һ˳ſռ֮Ҫ׷δƺȻһΣյϢǰһһֻ޴ƴ


1448 ɫ
Ľɫͬһɽһѹ޳ɫһݣоѹǳǿ͸һ˿Ϥĸо
Ƶٶȷǳ죬ת˲֮ǰˢһ¾صصסȥ·ƵõϢѾǰ𾪵лعɫĳ͵һתһ¾ͳ뵽˸߿գµ档
ǽɫƵϢʱȻҲһ㶣ͻȻЦڻǰ಻סˣֹü𣿡
˵ͬʱѾ壬ڿвϵķڣһһĿռŤ֮ⷽһӱͬһһ㣬缱ӿǱȥĶ˲䱻ĩ
ǽɫƺδзӦɵ޳ǰɢһ˵ơ
޳һ˲˲ضǰֻƣŬ֪ղŵǹϤϢ֮ǰȻǰ˵ؼĴһֻֻƣҲͬ㡣ǶԷȻڸǣղֻһ˲䣬Ϣ޴Ѱ
޳ⰵ˰ڸǣȻҾʲô˭
ݲ룬ǽɫƱ㷢˹һſռ֮Ľɫâˢһ¾ͳϹ
޳һ㶣ⷽƺЩԾŸô룬ǵȴͻȻת˷ˢһһת䣬Զžͼȥ
ģȻ⣡Һ޳зγһֳǽȥ
أ
޴ײܶһƬ⵱УԶž˵һӷŭ˷ƬռһƬУǰӼ٣޳һΣЩЩŲסʵ̫ǿˡ
ڰеƼһĻ˳û뵽ɾ˵Ȼǿֻɫ̺ĺܣԶž˵Ȼܹ֮࿹вңǰҿֻɫƳֵҪȻ˿Ҳˡ
뵽һ㣬ʱǽɫƳĿģȻҲ֪
̴治ϧδܹԸɣһ˿ɫȻҪֹ޳ľ˳ɳһ뵽˽ɫƵˣʱֳͻȻ³ȥ޳޳ףһ˵ļһΣ
޳һ£һǰһɱĲΪ˵ӣַҪ
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ƾȻͻȻ뿪ˣ޳ƶЩӦڣߵȴôͻȻ޳е˿
ƶʧķйâ˸֪Щʲôȴûоɥ͸һ˿һжԤϵС
תͷ޳̬ǰȻ෴ڵĻޱȣ޳ĶȻҪ˲֣ǰҴˣھǶó汾°ɡ˵ϵƽȻͬɽ緢һȻϵԽԽԽԽŨýɫһ㣬֮ѹҲԽԽǿ󣬽ܵƬնҪһ㣬޳ֻоǰѹƣľ˲Ĳһ£Ƶ
䣡
ͻȻһϵͬˮһ㳯֮ܵıǿռľ𶯣һĻð˳֮ƬͬҹĻУȼŵ̻ˢˢĻƵ֣һĻȴ͸żǿΣգ޳ĳ˹ȵףܵĿռ侹Ȼڼٱѣ
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үү޳ͷһһǿս⣬ܾʹ䣬Ҫֹⳡѣ
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һصĵͻأ¡¡ĳƵײ룬޳һ̺ƱϴһһͻȻӿһĪ
˫һݺݵһҧ͵һȫһ¾ۼԥĴ뵽ӰС
ᡪ
ڼ޳ͬĲŵһǿУܵĿռյĸӻ

޳͵һǣſ˫۳ܺݺһ𣬽ҫԶžҲͬĶĿбһصһ¡¡һӳӣ֮ʱպסһ㣬Ϣһжֹͣ˶
ɫһ޳͸һ˿ȣû뵽̶̵ʱھȻܹ˵زȷʵСˣ
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ŭưͷβҺݺݵһڣʱǧϰٵдβѸٵĳܵĿռɢȥЩѸٱһһɿĳ޳ת
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вϵһ֣ؼһһȫע뵽ӰС
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޳ܵĿռ֮ȫˣطҪ˶þͻȫʱᱻ뵽ʱС
޳ȫ˼ԼʱоǿԶž˵ԽԽʵƬͼ۳һһоԶž˵ĺĲ
߳޳ôһͷͬʱһ˵ļӦð
ˢ
޳ȫ򿪣Ԫ񶯣ԪصĻܵĿռ֮øȫ޳ӿ룬ʱԶȥ޳һ޴©ܵԪغͿռ֮ĳӿ룬ǳأõµȫˡ
ƼһĻҲˣȻ˾䣺ӣȻҶȫ㣡
˵Žϵһģⲻϵسӽڤ⣬ʱܵĿռȫסȻ޳Ҫױ֮䡣
ı⻹δӹȥ޳ͻȻһ⣬ɫĻˢһ³ɫһȵĺڤģ
ûǼڤģһһСżڤһ־ɢһ⣬ƾͳ˹ͬʱ޳͵ڿգƬ޴Ҳų˹
ģͫһ붼δ㳯ȥ޳Ƿˣһüڤı⣬һ©ſռ֮֮һб飬һѣߵ


1449 ɱ
鼫תһƬռ췭ظʩչǧٵ޳ٶȿ쵽˷ָĵزǽǧע뵽ڤĵУ˲ǧһжס
Ҫ˺ռߣǺȴһǿļ֮δüӦʹһ飬°ʧȥ֪
ƺ޵߶ȫֿͼű⣬Ÿտʼ޳Ѿ׷
޳ޱľ֣ͬʱԶžҲ֣Ƶжֳһ⣬ǽŸһ֣ɢһǿ
޳سǰһӣԶžҲͬĶˢһ³ӣ˲佫ܵı߻̼䣬һʱ֮ˢһչ֣˲ͽƸûˡ
ҲƱҵĽ쳹أҲû뵽ԼȻ׵İܸһ󱲣õ죬Ȼ֮ûУԼΪķ֮ϣ޵ҲΪ޳ѾһĹ뵽ռ䵱УǲĵƳһ׷ȥˢһСסƣϵѹһ¼һѪ
һѪӳ޳˫Ŀһ⣬ˢһ¾ͳ׷ȥһ˲ֻô۵һձУ˲㻯ޣɢƬ޾Ŀռ䵱С
𣡡˱ԶžһأܵĿռһһģ޳ͷһҪһǰȻһ⣬ǰǹΣյϢȻٴδ
ƣ
޳ɿسȥͬʱżڤĺȵٷ
ᣡ
һһСڤˢһµǰƵһ⳯ٵķչ޳վԶžһĳżڤע
˿˿˿
ռ䱻һ⣬֮Ѹٵĳǰȥ֮š
ڿ΢΢һ£һ⣬֮ʱܵĿռңԭЩƽĿռŤ֮ٴ
޳СˣղձΪзŤɳƣԭʵӡ
˵ͬʱҲڽϵŤŤһһĽⲻϵĳӡ
޳֣ĶȻ뵽ܵŤ֮УŤռ䶼
ǿ޳ŸҪֿסԭȱڤıƬռ䣬һȻǼŤ
оƬռ䶼ڱת´İǾ춯صĿ޺˵̼㱻ߡ
쵰޳˫ĿɺһƬڿգܵŤ֮ںԶԶﲻӡĳ̶ȣģǽܵա
ϵԽԽ󣬵ᴩأ޴Ŀ粻ϵĳӿ
飡޳ֻоԼľһ飬ǿ޷ǼʹǽЩܵתԴԴϵע뵽Զž˵У
𣡡
Ѿ׷ŭأ֣ܵĿռ䱻һ⣬궯ٶȣԵҪ࣡
޳żѣȥ϶ᱻٵģ
żǣӡԽԽǿ
ıڸ޳͵һֻһԴԴϵֻ˵˾ڸвݣ˭һĨĵ׼޾ŭ⣬ĵطκ˻ٻ
޳쳤ХһŭĺԼ峹״򿪣ܵȫӿ뵽ڣ˿ȫԪʯĸоһ̣·ԼһֻޱȵĴ󶦣ҪգҪҪ֧ľˣ߳ҪƬ죡
һɴδйĵȻͬһŻһȼգޱȼᶨ
䣡ʲôͬ賤Ұһ㣬ˢˢˢӣһڲϵķѿϵĳɳ¶ˢһʶУ
ˣ
޳ֻоԼʶһ󣬰׹һһǿʶһע뵽ĵﵱУһصķ¡¡ͬؼĺŽһһħ·ڻĳֳ˯оһȴű򿪣ʲôȻѣ
𣡡
ľҲƺǸоʲô쳹أܵĿռͻȻʧһ㣬ƬƬ飬޳һⲻҪĽ
һ˲һȻǿϲϲغԪ飡
үүģ˯Ԫһ󣬶޳㣬òľϿ򹷣
˵͵һһӴһ´Ԫдֱֱس޳ľӿȥ
޳ͷһֻоӿһӴĪϤУϤӯ
æ뵽еȫȻˢһע뵽Զž˵УŸһ֣ľͬ˼Ѫһ㣬ıǣƽȻĺҲӼ޳ԸоԶž˵зһ˿˼άȻоԶžˣڼڸˣ˵Ƿ
䣡
ǿȻˢһ¾ͳӣ֮⡣
ˡƵз˵汬ͻȻһͣವһ޳Ҫܣﻹٴһ¾׷
ԣܷ⹷ӣԪؽԭһɷǳĵУǻණҪ⹷ӽѣҲˣ뵽͸ӻһ𣬽һȫע뵽޳ľУ޳Զž˵Ӵ͵һһʵʵͬһ㣬ˢˢˢسӣ֮һжһţһжס
һƣһд͵һ𣬱һǿĹ˲佫ΧĿռһЩһѷˢһ¾˹ȥ
ӣ
޳˫һֻһѷȥѷ˺ѳһնವһ¾ûס˽ȥ
ѷӵıʱƵٶȷǳ٣·ͼܣȴ޳εסʧǱ޳׷浽ı嵱У
ԷȻ޳֪˭ӵķɿ죬δʹص嵱С
޳ٶȷɿ죬ԼԶž˵ںһƺҪռ֮УǼӿٶȣת˲ţһ׷˽ɫƣһʱʧɫȻ붼δ룬ٴ˺ѿռ˽ȥ
޳Ҳһͷû˽ȥ֪˶ٿռɫӡϵԽԽһȻˣϷҲҪ˵汳
˵͵صͷֱֱĳ޳˹Ҫ޳ʱ۵һ뵽Աߵһռѷ쵱У˲ûӰӡ
ãСӸϿȥضˣԪͻȻ޳һ붼δٵسȥǵصʱȴǰɽͺΰĴ𣺡޳֮ͽϿ˼ң
үү޳з·𱻽һ㣬æ˳ȥһĻѣ˲ҪֻХѪƲϵıݲţǣҧϷһȣԽԽϢȴڱڼţ
үү޳ˢһ¾ͳ˹ȥǽɫǰʲôҪ˺޹
ǽɫȴЦ˼£Ҫҽʲô壬еĻϷҲˣҪүүԣԼ
˵ɳܣƵĻ䣬ǰɽɺ۳һвʲôӢۺúб¶ҲҪһأ
ƲмؽһëͷСӣϷһƶӲ£Ȼڴ˿ڳԣҹ
˵ţһεѹɢˢһ¾ײǰɽϣײȥ޳ͻȻıˣҾҪɱЩѣҷȥΪ


1450 
ҪɱЩѣҷȥΪĻͬħһ쳹صУɫƷ˶֪
޳뵽ѵУɱϣҪۿүүɱүүᵣʲ֮Т岻ȫ
ɫǷǳͿ޳һ߽ХдݲУһЦŶ޳ϿɣϷĿûôãϷҲٷϻ٣˵ˣԥһ£Ϸүүһүӵܳŵʱ
˵ţĽһˢһû뵽Хڡ
ХʱһƺҧѾѪɫһƬҰס
үү޳ͷһ˫ȭʹ˼㣡
СӣŹһֵ˶áԪ鰵ж޳
ҲıӦþڸ޳һı鷳ˣүүϣһϦ֮Ԫ飬Ҳðա
Ҳ޳ĵĵطƵָ֮ɱүүĹһ¾ͽһգүүɣ
취跨һϡԪԪС
ͷβƥ㻹ҪҪˣϢѵ˾ĲƬѵϢʹȥˣʱͨΪᱻ֪ʱĻ֮䣡
ΰǰɽƺݺݵֻԼ㣬Ȼͳȥս
˵ſվԶ޳ϴԹТ岻ȫ㶯֣ҼȻһϴ󣬾ˣһϺˣ
ΰ˵ţһ̧ҪԼȥ
˵꣬ʲôҴڸ㣬ҪҲȰɣǰɽһץסΰ֣ü
˵ĵģ˵޳ûʽºΰ󵽣ôҲǰɽжοΰܹô˵ҲܸжһֵܣôĿֵȥ
֣Ͳøˣžǡؽ
У㲻ܸϴɻûءǰɽźΰ֣Ϸš
һԵĻŮվһ࣬ȥк𶯣޳ħȻøֵǸԸΪȥ
뵽ֻɫƵĻҪΪ޳ѡ˵ޱȼѣ޳ֻôأ
ǰɽΰִǱ߽ɫȴȥˣЦˣ˭Ӳɱûõģ޳ѡɡ
˵ת޳ʵôѡûѡүүѣ
˵֮һžһû뵽ХڣʱһҲϣһ̱ڵϣ鴤ѡ
޳ȭͷ˫˱գеʹȥ
̧ͷʱһƬ䣬ֱֱĶŽɫ˭ѡѡԼҪɱɱܶЩ˵汳һ׷ѰϢҵı壡֮
޳˵⻰ʱ͵һľ˷һͬХһˢһ¾ͳܵȥ̼ܵĿסʱͣ
ɫƲһ£Ȼû뵽޳Ȼ˵ֻԭƶĽûпЩߣЦһֻΪԼİǣȻô˵ҾͲˣ
ৣ
ɫ˵űһҫ۵Ľ⣬һ¾ͽХΧס޳˫һжԪ齲ͳڣ
䣡
ԪƶԪ𶯣貣һѸ͵һ¾ͳȥһɫĿһ㣬ֱֱĳŽɫƳȥ

ɫעХϣһӾͱ޳˸ţĽʱ࣬æɿХ죬һ
Զǰɽΰ˼״ɿǰȥһХ죬һԱȥŮҲ÷ŭסܵĿռ䣬ϣܹסɫһ
޳ɿسŽɫƳȥȫע뵽Զž˵Уȵɱ
𣡡
Զž˱һǿŭ𣬴Ŀжһɫͬɽһ¡¡سŽɫƳȥͬʱԪҲƶԪϵɢһֱܹӽתȥ
Զž˵õǵʵʱӴأܵĿռ伱ٱ
ڤļһĻĲѣ֨֨֨֨Ľ˼ͷҲص뵽޳ĵﵱУҲҳ
޳΢΢һղƺڤĴһַǳֵ˼ά˿̹˲ö룬޳ϵĳչ֮ѹӿƣ򶼻ᱻסˣ
޳֣ɫдһŭĺԶž˵ıѹ֮£ɫƵĹâڲ·ʱҪɢһ㣬˲ʵŭ𣬡ϷԲţ
֮ͬһ㣬͵޳ͬھ뷨ͷųһ¾ͳ޳
ãıڸԪȻ쵽һΣյϢͬʱоǽɫƵͻȻ࣡
޳ͷһǰһͬʱתȫע뵽ԶžڣϵܻҵĿռ֮ںһξȻЩ
𣡡Զžһŭһӣںϳһ壬һʱСɽһ㣬ˢһ¾ͳŽɫѹ䣬ɫ˿ûͣһмЦϷΪУֻһ
䣡
ײײ𶯣һ¾ͽƬռ䳹ױ飬޳ƺһͷһһѪ̲ס˳ȫײ֮ϣ֮ϣ
ģıҪǿ࣡ԪȻŭؽĻŸ˵̼꣬䣬ܵĿռͷ˷츲صı仯ԭѾҵŤ֮ͻȻͬһǿʱҪһӾͽת޾Ŀռ䵱С
̵ģСӹģ޾ռͨˣԪô󺰣ҿСӣ
˵űڿٲԪ߶
޳ĳסԼʧ޾ռ䵱Сٵ࣬һӾͲסƣȻصؾҲõ޾ռ䵱У
ҳı岻ɣҪѾԲܣ޳زס߶ע뵽˵УһܵĿռ䡣
У޾ռŤ̫֮ǿˣڵȫֿܵԪͻȻ
ֻӴռ䣬Ƕ쾳ڴˣҲһֿܹǿŤ֮޾ռǳأ޾ռ䵱бɷ϶ɣһ߷ȥͻᱻգ󷴵ѹȫֿܵ
һɣɫƴغֻһѣ޳ȴǱ棬ȻЦʮֵ⣺޳мڵǸˣû뵽³ɣҲã˽ȴͷһԭһЩӣϧĳɳ̫ҵ⣬ҲòȽȥˣ
ɳƵֲ̡ɫƵĻ޳𶯲ѣĲ²ȻûɫƵ˱ضʶģֻǵ˭Դ벻ͨϵϢ޷̽Ѱ˿ܵĿռ֮м֮ԽԽʹʶҲɢ
Сӣ֧סǻа취ģԪһƺ࣬ǰ޳յôԪأҲ࣬ͻȻһİӶа취ˣصڶ䣡ŰѾģ


1451 ض
ض䣿ԪĻ޳˫΢΢£˿˷ܡصһ񷣬Ѿǿڶ֪
ԪӵûڶȵһҪǿ࣬Ϊǿգ˼嵱󷨿ɣὫƬ񷶼УɲԪѣһصı죡
޳ͷһĵ׸ֳһ˿ǿյ룬˷ܲѣǶԪʵ˿̿У
Ԫ飬ֻλүÿһžͻڹؼʱ̵ӣЩˣԪȴһ۲˵ؽ㻹˵оУˣҰǵýȫע뵽ԪС
ƶ޳Ҳٶԥ˿ܵҲѾǳΣգݲٵ飬͵ıһˢһ½ȫȫע뵽ԪУٵĳŵȥ
ֻϵĽ͵سһǣವһ¼۵ѹڣԶž˵ͻȻҲήȥҾƺ޳ľٶȻҲԼʼע뵽޳ڡ
ǰ޳˵ľٶͷ͵һ˵ĸоǸжԵһʱҲ˵ס
ʲôԪȻЩֵʵϸĸһ£ȷʵ޳ڳһǿü룬һ˿ɻôо˹죿
޳ʱæ˵Ӱеľ˷ڰǡ
ӰԪһ£ЩȻؽԭˣǾûʲôֵģҴ߶󷨡
˵űȫƶٲȫ˫ֹâһˢˢˢ֣Ʈͷϳһµͼ
ͬʱ޳Ҳչ˫ۣܵȫչϵע뵽ԪС
ʲôɫҪȫƬռ䣬ͻȻƼ޳ֳһƬ⣬γһܵȫӿȥ
ɫ͵һЩҧгݵغ㾹ȻҴ߶󷨣ҲãĸһЩɣ
˵ű৵һ𶯣һⲻϵĳĴ䡣
ʱ䣬ܵĿͬѸ͵Ĳһ㣬Ƭռ䳹ױɽѵЩ޹İǷŭŸһ֣ͱǿı
ƬռͬһƬһ㣬ĩٵĿ־塣
Ԫ㣬ҪŲסˣ޳ЩżؽʱѾоܵĿռѾ飬ŵӣʱֹƬҪѣǣ
ߣ󷨿ãһͻ֣֮ȵһЩԪؽ˵ձ㽫ȫƬ󷨵У建ƮԪϿգרעĴ
޳״Ҳȥţ뽫ڤٴٻǽȳһЩܸס
ˢڤ͵һһˢһ³ɢĶƮһȭͷСļڤġ
СһƺܵЩ£߶µؿԼĸԿ˺һŲΡΡĶʱһǰǿҵ¡¡ĳܳȥ
ˡ
һϵĴⷽسһĻ棬ռ䲻ϵı飬ֱⲻϵر⣬Ǳ飬˷ƬؼϢԽԽ졣
޳Ծʱ򣬷ֵıռѾˢһѿϸͬ֩һ㣬ӣһһĺֱֱ֮ĳӿ롣
ˣ޾ռͨˣ޳һ⣬Щɫס
޾ռޱߣκһطҲƬռ֮Χıããȥ޻ص֮أ˿ѱ򿪣һȥҲѻͷˣ
ô죿ƴҲƴѽǰɽվ޳࣬ѵؽ
˿Ǽ޳ıӻܹѣܵĿռ֮ԽԽǿҲǳŲ˶ˣ
ѽʵ̫ǿˣɫƵ˵˭ΰɫҲѿĿһܣżؽ
˵ͬʱεĻŻŮҪΪֵһЩ꣬ǿ֮£һжԵ΢ҪǱ飡
˿޳ѾԽԽҪ˶ãͻᱻ׹ƣ
޳ҧţͬʱй۲ԪĶʱԪͼѾģͣǹâɷǳ΢ֻһЩϸϸ·棬ӻҪһЩʱ䡣
̧ͷֿһۼڤģһϵҲԽԽ˾޴
ˣӼڤڷһһĸ֮ԽԽϢҲԽԽ޳ͷ
֪ǲĴһżڤĴ߶ûԤеôǿ֮ǰƼڤĵ˿ȻָܹѹסƬңǵֵһӦû⣬ǰȴôͱѹסˣ
˼ʱͻȻԶһ˿⣬һ¾ͳǳǺ⻹δӽͱ޴Ŀռ֮飬ʱɢΡ
̶һ˲䣬ȴ޳ĸоرԣͬʱżڤͻȻصһ£ϵವһʧǱһ㡣
Сģ޳ææҪлһ˲żڤͬ˼Ѫһ㣬ͻȻವһ¾ͳܷɢȥ˲ǧˢһ¾ͽռ֮ӡ
䣡ʱⷽռһƬ޴ϵײһҪ⣬һҪͻƣȴƽ޳ľǣղŴһǵϢһֻڤĵϢ
һ޳ǰʧһ̣뼫ڤԤȾϢȫһղһһСڤǲΪһŶҲýΪδ˿ڤȴ˼Ѫһ㣬һض
ڼڤĵķʱ޳һչҪһضļƣɫһʱŭغӹһ٣޾𣡡
һɳаһӴˢһ´Զ޳˫һֵķǸղǸڤķϢķ
˿ûȥЩǹһ֣ವһ½ܵĿռٴͬһž޴ʯͷͶУˮһȦȦر飬Ǻһٴοʼ޳ԪпȥԪѾ׼Ĳ࣬󷨵·Ѿ൱
һԪ˵
޳շɿ³һ֣һʽһ³ĵȥֻ˵һĵڱһһµĹâˢһ´ĵ̽ƮͷһŹӡصͼģͷϣԡ
ⲻǰ󷨣ɫƼһĻ˫һøӷŭ޳Ȼ˵ãˣҸӲţ
ɫƵɱѾΣŭ𣬴ǰķ򴫳һӿˢһע뵽ƵУֻһɲǣһֻ޴Ӱֱֱĳ޳
ǿգ޳͵һȣϵȫע뵽ͷͼСͬʱԪҲָԪϵش߷֧ͼת
衪ͬһԶŵĴţͼзһʤ
𡪡
ͼת޳ԶžͻȻһХȻһƬҫ۵Ľ⣬޳δӦͼͻɢڿУƬವһû뵽޳ͷͼС


1452 
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ƴһţ޾кһ³ɢ
ԭϽĿռ䣬Ǳһž޴סͣﳼȻİȥ
ϢϢɫкȻһŵĺϵţҪ嵽޳ǰȴǵεŲÿֻԭطŭغ㵽˭ⲻܣôܻڣ˵ǴõУ
Խ˵Խŭϵر⣬ҫͬʱ֮ǰǸҲϢ̽Ҫȴڹ˼ʲôδ
Ļ޳ɻŬĸ֪һ£ȴδͷƬκ촦ֻǾ÷ǳǿоһֶءΨҶǿ
¡¡ܵ϶ԿһҪѹƣһҪͻƣڤļ޳ͼγɣˢһϢƣķɵ޳ԣɵû뵽ĵﵱУ޳ǵһл㿪ʼȫƶ
ֳ޳ļ䴫С
ǿգﳼءɶ£ƷΨҶ𣡡
һµļ䣬Դڴγһޱǿ
޳˫һʶһһһ֣һֱֱķɵǵ֮ϣɢĹâ뾪Ϊһ壬һǿವһ³޳ĵӿȥ
䣡ԪܵʱƴֻһɫĹһ´޳ͷðһ㣬ವһ¹ᴩͼֱ
ʱ޳أᴩ񷣬֮¶룬ϵأע뵽ͼСһɿģӣͬˮһ㻩ԶȥҽԽԽǿԽԽ㣬ҪƬռ䣬ļƣ
룡ɫƷ޳ȻҪƬռ䶼סʱ׿ŭԶǵҲݷͬһ⽣ֱ롣
أ
Ȼײʱܵ׾˯
ɫƹЦ޳һɣһһֵã
ã޳һɿĶǰɽ˽Ǵﶼȥͬʱȫһѹȥ
ǣȻ͹˽ɫƵʵǰԤϵûıڸ˿Ǳڰвٿأⷽضó׻
صڶ仹δȫγɣֻʱѹƣ޷׷ǽɫƾǳһ㣬һ
ֻһ޴Уǧϰٵ޳Ķʱ˹ȵףⷽռ䳹ױˣ
޾ռ䱻״ͨ޾ĺ֮ӿغƳʧһ㣬ȫ޾ĺڰ
̣
Ǳͺڰɵֻһӣ޳͸оԼһʧصĿռ䣬ȥȴͬ޻һ㣬κη
ˣһ湻յģԪ鰵һ޳㣬Ҫӿٶȣ޾ռ仹δ״ͨϿֹ
޳ͷѾȫȥֹħȫ˳һǿ
Сʩչŭ׻ʰڿأﾳСһӳ󷨣ë򼸸ȫƶԼ
˵ǿģһʱܵı龹Ȼıѹȥࡣ
ҲٿˣǵֵסǰȻһƬɫЦޱȲͬµһ㣬мıǡ
¡¡ܵԽԽǿԽԽ󣬲ϵĳԶȥռķΧԽԽ㣬Ѿŵӡ
Ҽס޳ҧҲżѣͷȥͫ͵һһ̼Ҫֹͣ
ڿһþһ㣬Ȼ֮䱻һǿ¡
ǸͻȻһЩŵĿһУȻǹһֻ޴ƣƬڵ
бǾ޴ռݣȵʧƬռ侹Ȼڣһɢˡ
вԾĸ𵱳ڻпһֻľƣȻûһֻǿ󣬵ȴͬĸо
ţȻƼǰľ˱仯ԭȻǱĵķֱĶ֮ͱһģ
һǰһоȻ˱Ǻޱߵı磬Լ£һֻ޴ƴ̧ʱƬѾڡ
⵽ôһ£޳ľѣԪ飬ȴǰľɫವһ䣬ӱݣͬһ飡
⡭޳ľѣδ˵ԪѾСӣ㻹ŸʲôڿȥռҪˣ
ɿǾ޴ƣ޳æʵͬʱҲӿۡ
ˣԸҪӿٶȣԪǳż֪Ҫ޳ö࣬˿ҲûϸֻߴϿ߶󷨡
䣡ܵĺԽԽǿֻţֲ
޳һƶ󷨣һĿŵǲϱ仯Ԫ½رһ飡
ϲָоɫƸӲ쳹ء
ģһ浱Լ޵ˣԪôֹͻȻһҧ޳ݵؽȻˣǾһݣռ䶼ˣ
У޳æʵԪشѾٵĴ߶֪һеô£ҪȥҪֵȥ
Ҳ˲ȫע뵽У޳͵ıȣǿգ
衪һĵˢһ³һµַͷͼƮɢ̺żǿֻһ־ͽܵĿռ顣
޳ӷȥ˳ЩַתȻԽתԽ죬ԽתԽǿγһ޴У޳ʹģ쿪˫ۣŭ𣺡
¡¡Ƭռʱײ˷¡¡죬˶䶼ҪѪ
޳˫ĿжǼᶨҧһһ㴣Ƭ֮С
ԴԴϵӿ룬Ѹ͵ǽľŵͬһһƤУ޳˫ĿһעУƴѹ
һɹɾವע뵽ԪУһַ뵽ʶУŶʱһƬõĽ⣬˶һƬµľ統С
㾹ȻգֱƼһĻʱЦ޳ͬһɵһ޾ռǿȻȫգҲ³
һ˲Цˣ޳ʶкȻһƬǿƣˢһ¾ͳӣγһɷǳÿϡ
ֻ޳͵һ𣬴ԷɢǧӰЩس嵽ʶУҲһơ
ЩͬһƬһޱӴϣȻĽ޾ռ鲻ָ
룡ɫһʩչˢһ³ǵϳȥ
СӣӿٶȣԪ鼱æʹ˳̵ľ߶Ԫһͬһǿ׳Ķ࣬ವһ¾ͳǽɫƳȥ
ͬʱ޳ָͼҲǽɫƳȥȴδɫƣһһҵ赲סɫƵȥ·ԿʼѸٵ
¡¡ԴԴϵظսǳתռ䣬α䶯Ӳصʣʲôȫȥ
ɫֻüһŭĺУͱһҲƲסһ¾ͱƬҵĿռ䵱С
޳һػϢȫΧԭǵصķವһ¾˹ȥĶԼţһգ޳ὫյһУǧٱֻ


1453 
͵Ƭռ䣬һжʧȥ֧ţǱƿУ޳˫Ŀ΢Ŀĵһ㣬һƬҿռ䡣
䡪
һײ糱ˮһ⵴ȥ֮ﳼ޾Ѹ͵ĳ޳뵽صС
ԪԪУҲɫƶٲɢһâ֧ͼЩȫƴ
Աߣǰɽ˾ȵؿһĻͬ췽ҹ̷һеУǵĸȻǳ̣˿ԴԴǵͣڽһϴһ㡣
ָоɲǵıԪذΧʱԱģһҪеĸоǻϢ鼤޿״
޳һŴŸʲôհ
һ㶶ȫصصͷ۾һӶʼܲ˵һͬ͵Ե˾ζһı飬޳Цѡ
޳һֱͼٶȣǵʱԽԽĿӿֱ˱̬ĵزҲԽԽܿƣֱԾȫ
ʱԶ߾һ޵Ӵ©һؼ䣬ᴩ񷣬ܵȫսһж޿ɱ⡣
ֻʣһǾһӿԭֻȻʧֻⷽʣ޳һס
ڽݵͬʱ޳ƺоһȫµܡⲻĿУһ˵У֪һԼľȻ񳱵гһ쳣ƽӦģ״̬
ٿԵǰɽˣȴǸɫȻĲӿǽĳܲסѾƣ̬ȥǶűˣ޳΢΢üľһţֳһϽǸ
ڵõһ˿ϢĻᣬǰɽ˿Ȼ޳֧ţʼѸһʢ磬ǶƴʱҪһЩһλ˵Ķ͡ԣ׼ȷ˵޳ǵĶ͡
Ҳ֪˶ʱ䣬ģӦֱ̬ĸоأıðܵڲϵس޳ӿ롣
ٶ̫̬ˣͨһ޾ռ䣬ͻȻһâһεϣˢſ޳Ԫ֧ǲɫϵУһ᲻ɴݡ
һ˲޳͵һһֱŵ˫ۣ͸һ˿ɻͻȻСˣһв֪Ǹø˺ûǣɿܵĿռѷ쾹Ȼˣ
СӣŻʱ䣬ٶһ㣡ⷽؿѵõԪؿռ䣬ֱΪģʱøʱԪȻѵ
޳ͷһ⻰»±㿪ʼٵֿܵʼһѸٵؿӿϵصĳӿ롣
䣡
ĶܺȻһƬҵͬһ㣬޳΢΢һƺоƬǰĽ칬
һ⣬Σ칬ĸоǷǳãʯ棬ƶٶȱӿޣֱӽ칬ݻ٣ʯ
¡¡
еתһжʼľȫӿ롣
ɽ͵ıһƬ𶯣ɽһһصĿʼѡһػþһ㣬ԭޱȵԪ۵ɽһʧⷽصС
һ㣬ɫԪٵʧ¶һ̻Ի͵ĵãһɲãӵϢ칬дֻǻδʩչѹظա
ֻһʲôһ̣ޱȵձ㿪ʼ黯ȻһƬͬˮһ㳯޳ӿ
ǲˣ
һĿռ䵱Уҧгݵغ
ҲĲˣ
һͻأЩЩȴ͸һɹ졣
ԭ˵һ𣬼æʵǰǲ֪Щʲô
Ǳ֮ΪǰˣĬһ£˵Ĳ޳Ǽڵһˡ
޳Ҳйꣿ͵һ۾ವһ¾
ϷȰòҪ뷨һϵһ˿мƵ
һеĺһšսռʶ֮һֱǳʡ˿޳Ҳйȴ޳ȻܹоͶһ˿ϣ
սĻһˮϽתսעʵǰ֪޳˭
һʵսһ£üһ룬ȻЩȷӦòˣϷôҲ벻˭
ǰһֻһģģĸо˵ʱȴһƬ磬֮ǰܵصĴˣ˿̻δָ
ҲҶʣֻصţսȴֳط˵ǿ뿪ǸҲˣڻױ֡
ʲôˣʵ뵽ʲôǲֻɫƵˣǰǲҲ֪ĵϸ˵ȥǳǿ󡣡
սɫȻЩĮЦһ˵Ȼǿ󣬵ЩͲҪˣҲԹܵģĻ͸Ͽ뿪
ĻʱýЩȴӺ棬ĥֲһսȴҧһ䶼Ը˵
սǷˣֻ˾ϷȫʢʱǼһҲ޿κΣ㻹Ҫﲻ𣿸Ͽߣٲ֣߱һָ㣡
˵ű߶Ž뿪ǶŸһ֣ܵĿռʹһƬ𵴣޳Ǳ߲֪ΪʲôȻּյٶȣ
ôһĹ򣬽ʢȴûսȻ˵ߣʵȴһ뷨
˫Ŀض޳ķ֪̽һ£ǹӴͷĿΣҪǹ
СӻߣսżĴߴٵ
һת㳯Զȥһȴ޳Ϣ
޳ͬʱԪ½ĸ˾
ͨջȫĿУǷ֣ͷϳһǳһռڱ飬ֱۣǸоڵڻĳǸռӿ롣
Ƿʲô飡Ҫĩ𣿡˾
Щ߿һĻɫ䣬ǿռռĵ˭һ
ռ
仰Ÿճܶ뵽һƬĳĬУǾ֡
ǲֻеﶴ쾳ܹʵֵѵⷽصѾжĸִ
ˣԪ½ж쾳ĸִҲ޿ܣҲķͲסį˰ɣ˿Ц˵
Цȴһ㶼Цˣ˵ɫǳأΪĵһΪߣĽʺޣȴһ˵һָ·ƣ˷ܶĿꡣ
ǣһʱ䣬ռ䵱еڼ˵ɫȴòÿڷ״
ģߵڳǱӿȥǵ˭Ǽһﲻض˰ɣ
ҿֻհ㿴ܵӿȫûйɣֻһûͷûԵسǱ߳ȥ
УҪֹôȥĻⷽǶҪˡ
˵ǶôҪ飬ȫżˣ׷׳ƶԼȫʼֵ
ף
޳ţͻȻһЩɻۣյʱȻһ赲ȻǷǳǿģȴ͸ǧϢġ
Ԫûо쵽޳ƵʵյƬռѾױҪ˵Ӧô赲ǡ
ԪĶһͣɫȻЩ֧֧ûн


1454 ǻþ
޳һ͵һ𣬶ͻȻŷӦһʼƴֹͼա
ǡ
޳֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣλүүΨ²ңնյռˣֲǲ֪Ԫһض˲ŲݣֱǱĿռʱʲôˡ
һʢУԪߣ˿ѾľˬҲ˵޳ֹ
ģԪ߶ķԽԽֻһ¡¡ͬһ޴ʯĥ¿Żƶ
һɲãصϢӹɢסһƬطܵԪҲıðسͼӿ롣
һпʼָƽ֪˶ãⳡ𶯣ŽƽϢ

˶˿ؼƺֻʣһ̾Ϣһ㣬ǰɽĽ䵽ϣɻ򿿣ȫҪˡ
ϴ󣬸ղǵʲôҲ̫̬ˣҲ㶼Ҫűˣǰɽզզؽ
ûֱ̫̬ˣо治ΰЦǺǵؽ
ɫһֱĻŮ˿Ҳ͸һ˿˷ܣע뵽ڣȻִʱڵѾߣΪָտɴ
˵Ҳ࣬СǼ˷ܵΧ޳һȦȻת뵽޳ڿʼƴ
޳ЩεЦ£Ҳö˵ֻǶǽûȹһ°ɡ
ôӿ룬ǵΪ͸ϣʱ߻ħ
˵ͬʱȴ̽ﳯȥҪһⷽرˣһ̽ȴʧɫæԪԪ飬㿴ԱûйŹ֣
ܷվĵطȻɽأֻԭǰɫƺƵĽ칬ѾȫȻһƬյĿռ䣬ǲϢд칬ģ
չգԪҲͷˮ޳ĸ֪۲һ£Ȼɫصؽƺû뿪ѽ
ʲô޳ʱʧɫû뿪ǰ˶򰡣
ǰȫʱǴ˶Ŷԣôܻ
ϴôˣǰɽ޳ϢȻæվЩǵʵ
޳Ŀһۣ㿴ܡ
ôˣǶǸ𣿡ǰɽЩɻģԱ߿ȥһҲԭأæһԵĺΰʵ쿴
ΰҲĪתͷһʱʧɫôɽУղŲȥˣϴļ𣿡
˵ĸ֪һģ޳͵سԪ˵ûһصС
˵ûпͻȻˣ޳Ԫ
ԪȶǴ˿ҲĪٴ̽һ£ҡҡͷǼžı鵱ҪĿԷǳСҲ֪޾ռ伸ѾͨˣҪֵطԽǳѡΪô½޾ռֻ·һ
Ļ޳ĳ˹ȵףеǸͷವһð˿Ҳֻһֽˡ
ϴ˵ǿһǲһþǰɽ˵޳еĲ롣
þɲһþ޳ͻȻȼһ˿ŭʵȻͷһ׽Ū
Ҳȫ׽ŪԪͻȻҾٰɣֻʱҲ֪ĸĸǼ٣յЩӦģ
޳ЦĻүүصǸ򣬲ﵹЩǻþҲã򻹴ţүүҲû£һүүܳ£ľͿƲסĲ
´͸Ź죬벻ӦõֻǻþѣⱳǼһﵽҪʲôأҪǿʲôԪ
˶˳ĬԱߵǰɽ޳ɫأҲԹԵı죬ֻΰ˰ĵעܵ
˺һ޳Żǽ֮֮һ£ȻǼǰ
һ£Ͻȫ¿ʼ޳Ҳһ£˳㽫ʱ䷢飬úõһ¡
ʱ̽ȥƬɽѾͨԭɽһϣ˿̱յȥɴ
û뵽һжǼٵġ޳Ҳ겻ѣʵĸ򣬵ͷһжǼٵġ
ϸ룬ֻҳһֿܡⷽԭԪֻۣǲһǽɽļЩԪȫɣɽʵòҲ˳
ô꣬־ƺﲻԣɽмһĻĻɶŲС𺳡ܾãһвǻþֽͲ˿ֵ̳
벻ͨ㲻ؾᣬ޳һ˼֮㽫ʱǰɽ˹֮󣬱Ǽǰȥ
ȹʱȴ֪Ԫ½ط˾޴𶯡
ֹͣˣǸɣﵽ׷ʲô飿ô˿ֲ
ʲôǺηʥʵֲ̫ˣ
˵᲻һƽҪ𣡡˵ǵʵ
˵ɫÿͻȻǿǲɽķ˵ɽзӡһصǰǷӡĴѾʼɶҪ˵᲻ã
˵Ļһڣܾ뵽һֻֿŵУǰǹɺƵǶ£ǹǶ˵һƽ١
˶ŲѣʱֵĻ̻̣Ϣʹ˳ȥֵ÷з
޳֪һУصɽлε˵ǻεʵһҲΪ˿ǾͬһƬãã޼ʵĳҹУһƬ·߲ͷָо޳ƻصһһֱһֱߣȴ֪δǸͷ
ǰɽʱڻв֪һСʱţЩʣЦ˵˵ȥ᲻ߵĵϣ
Ҫҽ޳ͻȻЩֹ
ǰɽһ㶣ɫЩ޳һֱɫĶǼֵܣ̬ȷǳã࣬Ǿֻһֿܣǳ˳飬Ȼɥغɡ
޳δشֻѴСģҪ룬ǰȥ
һǶˣûþͼǰľɫʼתȻ޷̽Ѱǰľɫȴڱ仯
ǵǰԭһƬɽǽһɫĺۼǰͬˮֵһīһ㣬ǵ߶ĳǰչȥ
ϴ㿴·ˡǰɽͺΰ״غ
޳ҲЩ죬ϸһȷʵһ·ƲΣյϢ
ǲ鿴һ·֣ããһƬֻ·ȴܹ̽Ѱȥһֱ쵽ǰԶ
ðǡ̽Ѱ֮£޳ɫȴͻȻ䣬ǰһڣǡ
˵һ죬Ԫǰɽڣ
ԼԼĲ²ԻЩ뷢Ц
ɽ·ڣǶôЦ뷨ǽھȻҵһڣԭڸʲô
ǣ޳ȴоǰͨһɽãӵԭɽ쵽ġ


1455 ɽ
ǰ߶ǹϤϢԽԽǿ޳зǳӣ֪ǺãǰϢɽģұǰɽиܵĻҪŨң
ɽ
ǰɽҲ״ЩԻôоǰ滹һɽ
ûǰɽϢӹأһɽɣΰ
޳ŴδһǰɽѾԼʲôһѹɽԭȽ뵽ʲôط
˶˴ȫ㲻ǰ
ǰɽתͷ޳ȴɫ򶨣һ㶼δ¶֮ɫʱ׹ʵϴǲͷˣ
Ҳǣ޳ޱǿӦͲˣ޳˵ҲĬĬıǰߡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ쳣ĳĬ
ǵ߶ǰǵīչԽԽ죬ವǰȥʱ򣬾ͬһƬڱϵīһ㡣
ǵĽŲǵīˮеӵȥγһȦȦĥɫͬһˮīһ㡣
һ档ǰɽס̾
˿īɫĵ·ϣ;ܵһµϢ֮ǰĴԪزͬϢлһ˾һĶ
ˬΰҲ̾ؽ
˵Ҿ·ϡ
ɽŨĻаĴԪزͬϢƺķǳ¡޳ؼ飬δ⵱к
޳Ԫ֪ʲô
ԪƯԪϿػصģ߶òЩɻؽԾ̫Ծˡ
ﲻԾ޳һֱ˵仰̲סʵ
ԪͻȻѽһȻغӦĲŶѽ
޳һʼѾ˵𣿵漴뵽һ˿ͬͻȻֵͷ̲סճ鴤
λүү˵ԭӦֹ֪ɣתһ룬Ԫ鵽ȷʵӦ֪Ŷԡʵɻǵö٣
ǹؼ֮ԪǼǵã˵ˣʱ״ֻ˵ֲǵá
ȻԪ͸ãģģģҼǵõҲǺҼǵϺһ˸ɵģǼһϲЩĶͷԡ
˵˵ɫЩһͬغգ
ԪѾ˵ôô̬СڳģѹˣµǿԷģСӴ󵨵ǰߣϢӦ˲㣡
ջеյİϷȷʵ˲޳ʲôֻʮʹѡ
޳Ǻܲģȷﲻ᲼ɱ
ԪЦɱȻڣȴ㡣İɣ̳ţƲ˺ġ
š޳һǶһЩδüɣȴԪĵƮһ䣺ﲢֻһ˵Ĳã˵ġ
޳ͷһ˰첻ǵʲôû
ԪȴҡͷԼɲô˵ģôһЩģǰϢϣǿԷĵá
޳ͷҲһϢתͷǰɽ˵ЩģϢʱȫ
˵ͷ̧ǰȥ
һ·ϵľɫδ죬ֻмһ·ãܵľ˱仯ǰһĵɽչֳ
Ǹڡǰɽ
ӦñɽڣκμǰôãŶû˿̿ǰޱȵĺڶЩ
ϴûطЩ֣ǰɽѾٻĵϣվڴĿš
޳ͷɫЩءǰڶĸоȷʵЩ֣ſǰȥȴͬһ޵׶һ㣬Ȼⲻ߼ʡ
ʱ޳Ժжʱֳĸ֣ͷŸһ֣ǰȻʹһɾ޴ˢһ¾ͳǾ
޳뷴ȴԪ麰ǧҪյַˣһͻᱻ뵽һδ֪Ŀռ䣡
ұ𷴿ң޳æǰɽ˺ͬʱʩչС
һ˲ǵѾһӽסವһ뵽޾ĺڶС
ԲۣҪȥǰɽͷĿѣġ
ʱֱǰǱֵ췭ظĿռ䣬ֿ֮ʩչһŸƼõȥ
ȫǿҵķͬ׶һϣûã޳ˣ
̬֪յʵжߣ˿Ƭռ֮ڣȻһȥֿܵͻɱӣһһֱӾʹ͸ǵ壬һǾͳһֻֻѪĴ⬡
Ҳ̫˰ɣǰɽغƴҪ壬ȴֿԽܵ˺ҲԽ
ۣ
һֱһֵವһ´ţֻһ¾ͽؿڴһ
̫ӵˣǰɽɫðˣͲôһ㣬඼Ҫˣ
޳Ѿ̹յı̬ģԴ֪˼Ϊ׼
˿̼ǰɽ֮ǰڻУǼһǴͷεβżһΣҲǱǿ˹ȥεǿԺúöһһ
Ҳ֣ͿҵĿռ֮ݲеĲҲ̶á
أϵԽԽٶҲĵˡ
ӦöǵûȤɣǰɽЦʵЩǹһ㣬ͳǵ򡣴˿̼˶ǱǧٿףὫյĸȫǶһ㣬߲شӶ˵һֱ̬
ΰӿڵô̬˵ǵӱ̬Ȥɣ
Ͽסɣǰɽؽ⵹ˣǰһλ̬ǰλڡ
˵͵תͷ޳ϴ˵᲻λ
޳ı͸ŶϤһеĵǰɽһͷ͵һҪ޳ˣҵţҪŰȥˣ
Լڻеͻ˿̺뽫Ҳһعһڻбõľϱ̬õֿ飬ζ궼
ӣ޳֪ʲôһ˿Ц⣬ˢһ½ǼҲ˳
໣
һճͱǹûǶ¾ͺ޳ʲôԲۣʲôڶʱԲۣ㲻ǰӻػ˰ɣѽû𣿡
̼䣬ⷽؾֻʣǰɽһЦؽʱյͷƵġ
ʲôɫ䣬󳹵޳㽫ץȥҲҪʲô̬ôרŴҵβͣ
໣
ⷽռʱ޳ǶܵòˣƵ³һ仰ֿ㲻ᱻϮ
ʲôǰɽȫɵˣˢһ¿޳ȴΨһ䴩ƣ˿ѪҲδˡ
ϴ̫˼ˣ˶ʱᣬŮҲŭݡһ绨ŮӣʱҲǧٿĿȫǣ޳Ȼһ£Щί
޳ЦĿǽûһҲãˣǰžǳˣ׼һ¡
յİϷѾϤúܣǰҲ⵱вŷ֮ܣȷʵγҪܵͷ
ʱǰѾйûãǾͱһǿסˢһ¾ͳ˳ȥ


1456 
תʧ⡣·ʧȥ֧ţܻɢ
޳ŬԼģȴ޷ֻһŸƼһƮڿУҲ֪˶ãǰһصµ䣬ͨһһƬ֮ϡ
½ˡǰɽ̾һ䣬ܿȥԭΪ뵽һôصĵط̧ͷһȴֲһͨɽȣҲվĴľ£ľԵ÷ǳƽ
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ΰǰһĹʵЦŶǰɽҲ⣬ôˣ
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޳ֻǰӰͺ˸һ̾ͼڹѾԼǰ
СֺõĽļʮŹӵݵ޳ǰ֦ŤŤ֡
޳Щѹ֣һСǣֿһٵԼǰĺɫӣʵܳԣ
СƴͷȻܳˣôţһ˿ô죿
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Сȴϴϳ˿˷ӣô˳أǼϴ̻ʵģҲȥˣ
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ˣĥŽЩȫԴ޳Ҫʱóṩ
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˵ǰɽʱЩԹ޳ϴʱģǱãǼȴղбĸһ㡣
˿̣һȫ͸ŹȥҪΪǰôԪصҲҪȥһֲԡ
ǰɽãϾղųһŻ߹˿ѾлָΰԵøǱˣϵѪûס˿һ߶ͻǱʵǿһ˲֪ˡ
޳ܵǰɽԹ񣬰ԾúЦȴδ¶һǰΧסú߶ˡ
ȵǻָ֮󣬷ֳһЩԪظǡᴿ֮һ뵽ڣһչ
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֪ɣǰڻģС׼ˡԪЦǺǵؽ
ȵ˶ָ֮󣬴ұǰȥǵ뵽һƬɽȣǴ˵صķΧ̽ȥƬɽ֮⣬ããľɫһɽݺύޱߡ
ûԶͻȻǰһ嫵һ㣬һĳϮ
СģҶʶõԼΧˢˢˢչͽ뵽ս״̬
֮󣬾һһԻֳﳤȥһתδκ˺
̫Сˣ۲һ²ûΣգ˼ǰȥ;һϵĳˢţҲһζ
ǿǰзݣŮȻָԶһɽȥֻɽ֮ϣӰӰ´µľֵ֮һƬƬƣһƺһӡ
зӱ̡ҵһӸӿ˽Ų
һ·ҲĴ쿴ȴ֣ǿŻ߹ⷽԲ֮ڣȻһ˿ܳԵĶûУħҲδһ֦ʵҪˣǶԲˣ
֪ΪһŻ߹ⷽصȫˣЩ̺ĶֲǨ㵽˱𴦣ֻʣһЩŤŤĳǱߡ
޳˿Ƭɽ͵ʱͻȻǰبһϡͬһĻһ㣬Ʈǰ
ǰɽһʱȵغⶫõĲǺ¥ɣ


1457 ¥
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ˢӰˢسǰȥǲŸҪӽϷȴƬطͻȻתܵĹ͵ðͬҹĻһ㡣
Ȼ󷨣ǰɽæתˢһͳĵϡԱߵĺΰ˶óԼķΰĵ֮ǰѾƻٻ˿ñһεɱ
СЩܵϢЩ޳ǵǱŶϢǻһ㣬Ѿǡ
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޳ɢĸ򣬽󱳽Լͬ飬һһλʼȫĹ
ŨķԪصϢ˲ŸչһͷоȻ̺ŷǳŨԪأǰɽмһ
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ǿǰɽ̾һæʵ˵ǿɲյ㣿
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һֱЩԪһϻһ鷳ΪǹϢʵ̫ΣˣȻһ̶ȣǽǷǳµģҪܲס
ԣҲоǳĿ£ɲΰ
˵УǰɽʵģδﾳһЩƣ̼ͻǣ
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޳Ҫ̽ȥ赲ȴԶ˱仯ԪزһϮת뵽浱С
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ǣǰʲôЩԪڿں϶ַ롣ΪѾһ޷ȼҪٵķںϣȴ
䣡һһˢˢˢسӿǵء
޳͵ǰһǰɽ˽ں棬Ҫ嶯
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Э޳֧ʱǱ޳һƬ԰Ŀռ֮ڡ
ΧԪѾ׷һڽԪغԪصļӳ֮£ͬʵһ㣬ĳҡûã޳͸о˾޴ѹͷ亹ð
УȥŲ˶á޳аżֻܽԪ麰˳ʵɷأ
үүģô£ԪŸһ֣;쵽ķʣʧɫĸ˵õģôȱ£ԪأȻôࡣ
˵ɫһ䣬ߵ˵ЩԪôԽԽ٣鶼ǱȺ˵ֵطˣˣ
Ԫ취޳Ƿˣ˿ΣλүȻпˣ
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Ĳ֪ǺõʱкȻ֡ţ𵱳յ飬һϣ
æֳһ֣һ³뵽ʶУɿײɢŵâĽ硣
ˣһƬҫ۵ĹâǾâһ̣޳ؼԪͻȻ伱ٵ
⣬ǵǿˣǰɽżغ
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Сģ
ǰɽΰͬʱȵ޳˹ȥ
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Ŀ͵ںΰϣͫ͵һ
ֻϣ滹һ˿˿˿ӣ޳æ̽ˢһ½ΰֱ۰ΧضЩĸʴһѽǰɽԼ
˵Ķ뵽˹ȵףԪؾȻֱܹһﾳε߶ϱۣǿ˺ǿȣ


1458 ԪضԿ
ǿ˵ĸʴܵ뵽ֽŵĵز޳ɫţһ˲˲ضǰǲϽԪء
оԽԽǿĳʱԽԽâҲԽԽۿžҪ顣
ȻǾƴɣ޳һۺΰֱԪظʴ֮ȫƻˡ
ϴ㲻Ҫˣ߰ɣΰ޳Ŀ⣬Ͽҵؽ
ʱǶ޳һ׸ӴԪ֮ѹֿˡţ޳ûк֮ǵĻһܹȥ
޳ȴҡҡͷǳᶨؽǶãԼĲùܣ
˵ű㽫ȫע뵽ʶУбȳศɣΪһԷ
䣡
ʶУĴһǿһĽ⣬ͬɫĳˮһ㣬һ³ӣͬʱϵһ±һǿƣԭѾ΢ȥĹâת˲ͱ쳣ǿ
أ
Ԫصһײһ𣬶ʱһƬõĻ𻨣ҹճϵǳƺҲɫ٣мҪĸо
ǰɽ޲ͷ˼ĿһĻǺƿһһ㣬޳Ȼһ֮ǿأ
أһҵ𵴣ƬնһƬ֣ǿƺȥһƬõϼ⡣

кȻһƬʲôڱ˺һ㣬޳һϲо˲ľϢӦɽ
δü˶ãܵѹʱԭȱյĻģȻֿʼ
޳̽⵽ڼٵںϣͬѪҺһ㣬ȫһǵںϣһƺȻ
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ǰδκεˣЩԪƾ۳һǿޱȵ
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֪ʱǺָо˿Լ壬ͻȻͲܶˣһսҪĸо
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أ
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أ
Ǿ޴ǳʯһ㣬һڵϣҳһ޴ӣֻһ˲ӾͱԪһָֻԭ
ϵԽԽ࣬ԽԽ죬һſǳͬһ㣬ҡ
亣
ͬһ㣬ЩǳҲɱش֮ϣҵ޳ͷĿѣǿײͬʯײ򣬱ƱԪײȴĴ뵽֮ڡ
޳ֻֽŷ飬౻𶯵һۡ
ΰ֧Ųסֱ˹ȥǰɽػԣϵƶŮҲһ԰æǴ˿ֻܹԼҪ޳Ѿ㡣
޳ҧ̽ܲ鿴һ£ЩǳԽԽ죬ּ࣬ȥɲǰ취
湻ģҪԪү֪˭ɵģǰƤɣԪҧгݵغ
Ԫ飬ʲô취޳һߵֿһ߰
Ԫϸ鿴һ£üͷ治ð찡ЩԪֲաԪδԹҲ֪жһŪãԪسű˻޶޲
޳ͷģԪ˵ҲĵģЩԪصĸʴ֮Ѿᵽΰһõӣʴ֮޵ж˭֪һԪŲסԪ鼸Ҳˣ
޳һĵߣǾǾҲԪ¡
ҧ룬Ԫ취ȥʶпŻû
ھԵǰ޳ֻԼʵǿֻܿûƵİ취
ˣһδҵ໥Ƶİ취
δеʶǲ㣬;ҵһ±һ޳
أδӦǾ޴ͳ޳ϣһصڵϣЩɢ
ۡ
ǰɽֱӿѪЩȥ޴ĳǶܲס
ס޳һһٵؽĵ׵ķŭһ±
˫ĿĶǰһģһɢӨӨԣһǰҡΡ
޳ŭǿңֱϷŪĸоǰһȫӣⳡѵѹеˣܵˣһ겻
ܣ˶䣬޳޳ͻȻһǿս⣬¡¡ͬڵĻһֱ
䣡
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һǿ֮һжԵ΢޳ʱֻһ֡ս
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ˡ
ܶʱһƬɽһײϣƬǿٴǳٶԽĿ죬ȴҪڽӽ޳ʱವһ±óٶеɳȥڿžһ±ըƬ
ǿѹƵĶԷήǰɽһϲҪվ
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䣡Ļ䣬ȴͻȻˣһǿƻսȻ
޳˫ĿһǹɷŭȻһ³սײȥֻһܶʱ뵽һƬ׵ĻҵС
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޳ҲҧһжϣƺҲ֣ǰӦ뵽һ㣡
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Ǳǰɽ˵Ĳҽתͷһȴֻһ˲䡣
룡޳ɫһˢһ¾ͳǧԣ˵ȫ£һԵӵԪУԪ齲㻤ǣ
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ԪûɱǼС꣬ʵ޳
ԿǾ޳Ļˣƾǿȫע뵽Уˢһ½Ԫȫ˽
ֻһ˲ľоͱǣŤѪ
СӣԪһĻһֱҪСڸˣ


1459 ں
޳ľٶԪʧɫæҪ߶Ԫȴ޳ȱ𶯣Կ
޳çײһԼĵߣ
ԪһδĻᣬȻɵֿǾƴԼ
ȫھУɿЩԪشżǿĸʴԣһ壬Ϳʼٵĸʴ޳ĽİԼľǿٵѹ
֮£޳ͱĿȫǡҲ̶áʱѾȫ㲻һˣ汻Ԫظʴǧٿףǿһ治١ʹԪصĸʴ֮Ҳܽȫڵ
ᣬ޳ЩԪľ̵ķŭȴѹš
Ԫ飬ƺĿԣͻȻ޳ϲغļѹ֮£ЩȻıˡ
ԪһҲЩֳһСֹԿ
޳һע뵽ﵱУԪѾ׼á
һ´ԪڳٲȻЩԪزһͶ뵽ԪУʼϸĸһ;ϲغӦÿԳܣСҲǿԡ
Ļδ˵꣬ͻȻɫ䣬ͬʱ޳ҲʲôԪص˵־
ûһǳǿ־óóȻգҪ°Ԫû뵽ȻصҲֻڼٱ仯֮в
˵鶼ǳأǰƲǶ롣
޳ܵѹԽԽǿܵԪʵ̫ˣѹ˼˿ѾĲֻʣһǺ;ڿյϹţȥɲ
뵽ԪС޳
Ҳֻһ취ˡԪͷϿ뷨һСŵ㣬ǧһֱ뵽ʶС
޳ͷӦ㿪ʼֳһסʶ㲻ܲ˵Ľȫע뵽С
ֻһ˲նдһʴĹһӾͱԪظʴصУ˿ԶԶȥ޳ֻʣһͷһʶɢӨӨĹԣ幹ʧӰ١
޳ҧһľԽԽ׳ɫԽԽ죬ܿԪӣԽԽ·һܹ̾ơ
㣬ٿһ㡣޳ֻһعߴԼҪԪȡһʱ
Сӣ㾡ܴ󵨵ȥƴһһԪס꣬ʮһú
Ԫ޳̵̲࣬סҪο䣬ֻĻȴ޳ЦãʮʮĸҲͲˣԲ˿ֻһǾʤ
Ҫ߳Ҫ߳ȥҪҳʱͳĸף
޳͵ıһ޴ĺһޱȵһ´ʶбʱ˸ǰһʶеľһ֣ܵԪ;ҵǰ
֪ˣСٴ߶ˣʶšҲ֪ԻļһʲôޣһϢͱȥǻԿġ
޳һѹŸƶ⣬ͳױ
Ǵ˿ҪѾ޾ԪѸٵĳӿԴԴϣѹգ޳Ҳ֧ŲסкһͳױϣֻһƬʶΧ
ˣ޳͵һ̫Ӵ˶ã糱һԪ˲佫ΧͬһŸһããĺг̾бΣա
Сŵ㣬ҿԪ޳ըһ˲䣬ԪԪವһû뵽޳ʶУ˿żŰ취ҪԪס
Ƕ͹Ԫǵ͹Ǵߣյĺ⡣
˿ѹδüӦͱһɾ޴Уһ¾ͱײȥ
޳ʶʱ࣬ۿžҪˡԪȴ׷ᣬһ¾ͳӿ˹
޳ֻоһӴϢ֣𶥵ѹһ½Χס
оҪʱԶһ´һͬһֻůһ㣬ˢһ½ʶΧ
޳һתͷȥ˾ȻǷͼ˿̷ͼֻ֮ʶһֻһ³ܵԪĳһơ
ʱһֻ޴ƴ콵䣬žһ½ܵԪض𵽵ɢȥһЩ
ôһ飬޳õһ˿ϢæԼʶΧסವһ¾ͳ˳ӵв壬Ǵ˿̵ѹݲ壬ȻŸһᱻʴ
ͼ޳ǰɫ䣬Ҳģֻһ֣ߡ
ߵȥ޳Ҳڲ˶ˣವһ·ɵͼԣһ
㲻ͬͬ⣬৵һʩչܵԪ
ͼ״Ҳ˵ֻǳǰžžһӡص˳ȥһ£ͬɽһ㣬ΧһƬռ䡣
Ԫĸʴʵ̫ǿ󣬲һͽЩӡȫʴĸɸɾһ³ӿ
ͼɫһݣҧƶȫϵȫ
޳ֻоԴһޱǿѹаһû뵽ͼᣬȻѾﾳεľ磬Ѿ۷壬ۿžҪͻ˰ɣ
䣡ͼؿܣĳǰζһ£ͻȻ죬ವһ˲ײڶ֮ƣĳһӰ
ɽ಻ĳǰͬˮһӿȥܵԪشɢ
޳Ҳûʩչˢһ¾ͳӡ
˷ͼİæ޳ѹʱС࣬ܵԪرˣһռ䡣
彫Լ۳ǻδƶͷܵͻȻֲЩԪؾСǿһֿʼٵӿ
Ԫһ˭ô̬ȻջҪɶ񣡡
Ϊ֤еǸɶܵԪһºȻͬˮһٴγӿ
޳ɫһݣֻüסԼʶԱߵķͼȴһƺߣֻһ̣ͱԪذΧ
ͼ޳ͷһҪȥȴǿԪ֮Ȼסȥ·ҪȥȽЩԪ
ֻǱԪذΧдͼһƺߣһѪŽ޳Ķʱ뵽˹ȵףҲܲ˶٣һߴ߶ʶһ߶Ԫ齲֣
һƬʶбһͬһдһֱֱش͸ЩԪ֮ڸʴķͼסವһ¾ת˻
ڴʱԪôԪע޳ûа취ˣֻܿԪˣ
У̫Σˣ㲻˵𣿡޳Ե
Ҳû취ӳȥ˵Ų
ԪһҵˣǰŻ취һδε֤Ӽ˶Էʱѵȥ꼯
޳־ᶨҲû˱İ취ֻСһЩԪʶ˳
¡¡
ƬռƱͻȻסһ㣬ʱֻͣͣʣ¡¡ĺһӶãϢವһ´޳ʶбͬʱ޳߶壬ˢһ۳һոµ壬ͬһһ㣬һӵĴϣȵվƬ֮£


1460 Ԫ
زãﳼ֮ӿӿһضһµľ統СһԶŵĲ¡¡𡣷ʱתصһƬãĵؽ硣
޳Ԫϻؽ䵽ϣͻȻһɷǳɣĸоһȻҪĳ嶯ͷʹֱͷ嶼̲סζһ¡
Сӣȴӣ飬˿ʲôҪ롣Ԫ࣬ǳ
޳ͷһסȥ
ȻԪֵһ̣֮ⷽͻȻðԭȱڷӿԪأ˿ȴèһ㣬˳Ĳˡ
ǺþӦûӦûþͿʼ˸Ӿҵķͬһ㣬ĳ޳¹
Ԫ޳ҽ䴫и㣬ƶԪ
ã޳͵һͷȫವһע뵽ԪУͬʱĻصԪܣЩԪص롣
̼ǵԪ˵ԪȾЩԪصеǸŹֵ־뵽ԪУ
ԪɷԪϿգÿ˿Ԫصӳ֮ԵøӵƮ
ֻ˫ַɿĲӡһĴָƮವһյУγһصͼ
ͼವһһŽ⣬ֱֱû뵽޳ʶУ޳͵һһӡǳļ
һ̲סԪ飬ʲôôһƬհף
ԪҲʵһ£æƶȥ֪̽һ˿ãһ޳мޣޱУհпհ׵ĺôһнԿ
޳ֱǷˣʱȻҲҿЦʵʵĴأҪôԼƶ
ָ֪оǷǳϣƶԪ·ƶһ£Ԫһĵһɾ⡣
ԪĻ֪Щˣæ͵ֻһƬУΪʲôǿհ׵ģҲ֪ԭģȸ򣬻ԪүҪܹƶõ𣿡
޳˿Ԫ֮ѾԽԽǿҪĳԪײҡҡλΣ˶еĵһҶۣƵĽҪ
޳ϸĸһ£Ƭ䴫һƬհףȴ͸һֵϢƸܵһ飬ãʹΣһĲʡ
ʲôԪ˵޳жʱ֮Ҫһȥ̽ȴǹͻȻʧˣƮ죬Ѱټ
ϸ룬Ҫȥ򣬵ȴʱľȫܹᣬҲйʹΣζܹǰ֪ȡ
Ҳվ̫˰ɡ޳кȻһͷ͵һ֪ͷԼģǱ˵ġ
ΪǰδйͷһֱԼŬţʹɷǳļᶨ棬δԼۣ͸һϳɡ
һ̣ȻĸоԼ˵ۣԼ΢Ⲣһĸо͸һǿһҪǿļᶨ
ôţʶкȻһǿƣһֱֱû뵽ԪУһ˲Ԫһ¡¡ͻȻٱˡ
ֻһֻͨеȴСವıǣ̼㳤һСɽһ㣬ĳ󣬴ɢѹҲԽԽǿԽԽһŴವһ³Ӷȥ
޳ܲѡѹ䣬ЩԪؾȻʼƽ
˵һƶ
¡¡
һ˷Ԫڲϵ𶯣ѸٵĽ佫ѹơ
ⷽһ޾Ŀռһ㣬ЩԪԴԴԪѹ˰죬Ա߻޾ԪҪӿ
޳ɫЩԪҪĵӴ˿ѾоﴫһƣܹѹЩԪصĻҪ˶ãǾͻصޡ
ôţϺȻһ˿𶯣ͻȻһźɫĹʵһСǱĻ߹
¶˵ͽŹʵע뵽˾УȻ˳žע뵽ԪС
䣡Ԫõ֧֣âʱǰһ㣬Ԫصʵ̫࣬ѹûãе㲻֧
СһſŵĽ߹Ͷ뵽޳ģЩ߹ȫãȷʵܹһЩʱ䣬һõİ취
Ԫļܣ޳ԪһƬհףҲ֪Ҫãֻܹƾűܶ
ԪƶԪָʾõľǿ˿Ҳô
ˣͻȻһ޳ܹС
޳˳ǣεؽղŲѾ˰
ԪҡҡͷæǣǸ˼ܹѸٵıСѽ
Ԫ˵űƶָһɲãϢһ½Ԫס
ԭͬɽһԪһСһȭͷһ㣬ͬʱɿϴȥлһƬɫĴһԪ뵱зɿ
ûãԪͻȻзٶȿþˡ
޳ɫһ͵סԪ޳еʱವһָֻԭ״
޳Ѿ²Ԫ飬ֻεĿ
ԪΣεؽⲻ𣿾ղӣˣ˵žವһת뵽ԪУ˦ƹ
ղӣ޳һƺʲôವһע뵽ԪУ֮ԪͱӴ
ͬʱɿϴȥ߿»һƬõĽɫһƬԪضٵ޳״ҲŷϣΪṩ
Ԫһԣھ͵һα仯֮˲䱩ǣԪصٶҲǳ졣
޳ϣɿĽһע뵽ԪУ֧Сռ䵱зɿĴԼӵǧ٣׾ٵ׷
һƬصУͳ˷ǳ˵һĻ
޳Ԫͬһ㣬ϵصд
ԪϵķŴС仯ļٶȣ޳ҲԶķ
ٶ̫죬ȥֻʣһŽɫĴӳһƬⷽصԪس
µϵԪǿҲɫѹ֮ıѹΧԽԽСԽԽ䣬ֻʣ·Բһҡ
޳һֱظԪԣϵĸСǼʮŻ߹ȫľǽⷽѹ
޳и̾룬㿪ʼԪء
ʱԪ֮дѾͣ˼ص޳ĵﵱС
ԪҲವһû˽ȥʼͷЩ
ﶼҪֿˣôһʵˣǰ߻ħĵԵõһЩ㣡
ⷽһӱðҹɺڰֻЩǳѾȫ䣬ѹѹһƬֲָ
޳ȫԪصʱһӰϢĳⷽصС
ɫĿڰе޳ǰһĻر֮ǰβ޳뵽ƬռˣЩһǿҵĿҲӵЩ
һǿҵĲʣƾʲô޳ܹһδεõ˺õĻȴֻܳΪ˵Ľ
ֳһɺ⣬߷ߵضǰ޳ϢЩԪùһ˿⣬ವһ±㳯˹ȥ
СӣȻȰ棡޳ֵʱѾѾóĽմ޳ܲ˵˹ȥ


1461 ͵Ϯ
һѸ͵ವһ³ڸԪ棬޳˫Ŀһವһ¾ͳԶȥ
ŸһжѹƵԪؾͼܶҧҧתַ˻ͬʱͻȻϮ˹ȥ
ֻصһײһƬõĹâ춼ˣ͸⣬޳ɫ͵һ³һ֣
һﵱڸģĵ͵һɱ⣬ˢһ³ӣ
վԶĿ޳޳ƬռٴαĻͽ
֮ǰԱ߹۲ãЩǳȶ޳ѹǣƶ޳ðգԲŸҳû١
޳˫΢΢£һƬ䡣
һСˣǰɽ˵ɷǳ£˿Ļŭ
Ǵ˿Ѿ״̬ܳȥԴ򣬲ȻǻŮܹﲻϣ
ôǲ޳˵ǰһеĽƳصһӣһͬľһ㣬ˢһ³Ԫس
䣡ʣ·ԲһɶԪضʱ䲨ɢȥļ
޳ɫ΢΢һ䣬ܵĿռ侹ȻԪһҪļ
Ŀ˳ǺȻ䣬мؽҪԪҵħ𲻴Ӧ
͵һ𣬴ĵбһƬҫ۵ĹâһɫӰವһ³˳ֱֱĳŽȥ
ȻҾƲԳԷƣɫһ˿ֻʣҪǿ׳ҪԼȨ
ವһ³ǺӰ˹ȥײâɢһɢ໥ײһƬƬ𻨡
޳ǲٿԪأವһ³ԶȥԶƬشͬʱӿٶȣںһƶ緢ǿƵѹ
䣡ԶһƬĽմڵһ³ӳȴײһӲĶһϵ
ǺӰֳȻһľͷľԵĿܡ
ܣ˫۶ʱ£е̰֮ɫΣǸö
־ܵʱʱҪ⾹ȻһѾﾳһεĽܣôһħȻ࣡
ɱܿб̰֮ɫ³һ֣Ȼһವһ¾ͳ˹ȥ
˫Ŀһݣ߶Žմݺݵӭ˹ȥǾҪȫ߶մʱʶͻȻһ˿ս뿪ȻϷ㣡
ǰҪ赲ңܺԪأҲܵõô˷ܵؽ˿Ȱ衣
ģͣסȻÿսƺںʲôܲ˵ƶʱżغǰңһõЩѾħϣ˿ֻʣһʣﻹýĻƶע뵽ʶУҪȡս
ģϷϹۣ㵱ս߷ߵһһŽ⣬ವһ³Žʶ˹ȥ
һҪ뿪ȻҪСӺˣ
ҪȴͻȻԼʶбһƵһ˲Ͳһľ
ͬʱѾ˹ֻϺȻһźڹ⣬ðͬҹһ㣬Žӿ
ġһסʶеľʹҪеմУһɫȴವһ±òҰס
־ܵ̾Ȼʱ뵽һľ統УеƱڶһ
־ܵẠ̊́Ȼȫˣ
ҷ𣡡ܿ³ĸֻ֣ͻȻ⣬ವһע뵽ƬڰУʱһ̶ļƵ귢һŭˢһ¾ͳŽ˹
ҲŭĺУӶմһ⣬뵽Щɫ굱Уȴͬʯһ㣬˲㱻û
ҷ˲ʧΡӴĺɫŽմȫûУһɼŤ֮Ѹٵؽٵķֽ⣬ֻüŭһ¾ͱɢ
һʶҲವһ´˳ǻδӳԶͱǺɫû
ǧֻ꣬Ƶûеֿ֮߶һͱЩ˺Ƭ
һսҲǷ䣬ҧŴҪڲԼϢԸգֻܼԼεĻס
Ҫȥʱ򣬱޳ƵЩԪͻȻ
޳ɫһæƶȥѹƣһ̣ͼܺȻһ˳ֵ˳֮УһϢЩ΢꣬ವһ¾ת뵽ĵﵱС
һ̣ȴͻȻƽƸղŵһֻһþһ㣬޳һ˿ɻ̽ȥ鿴һ£ǽѾһ˿궼ûУԱ߲˵Ϣ
Ȼû״㿪ʼȫһЩԪٶ˵첻죬˵ʱ䣬޳Žǳױ仯
ԪŽԪеСһֶѡ
޳̽鿴һ£Ԫ仯÷ǳɹǵصʶȫ˳ȥ
˿תͷȥǰɽˣʱǶԪԭһС۵һϸţлӴЩԪأԻܵ־Ĺƻ
޳ʶôãȻ֪˼ҲȥֻǶǰɽ˵ҷģһʱպҶҵǻָİ취
ûв壬ɢ֮󣬳ҵһᣬȻû취ǰһһ뵽Լûнǻã޳оһ˿
ĿƳͼʱиǶΣͼΪ˾Ҳʧȥ
ǰлֳ޳ġ޳ޱȳĵؽͬʱҲ¶ģһҪҵǻָİ취
¡ͼģֻǵĽһڽﲻڽ
ȥƺҲЩ䣬ǰɽֵģԴ˵⣬޳һҵ취
ȶֽ˼䣬޳ϸļһ´˿ı仯Щ֮Ѿ˸Եı仯
ǿȱǰһЩߣǸջǾ̺Щӽȥ֮Ʊԭ˺ܴߣȥò˶Ӧñܹһεͻˣ
뵽Ҳһ˿ܡ֪Ҫ̬⵱иļ֪٣
ʱܵѾƳҹɢȥָֻԭȵƬɽͣ޳Ŀȥվԭȵǿų˲ʮεĴԱߣֻӰеɫѾ
ȻǺ¥
޳ҲЩ겻ѣΪǿȴûпǻþֻд˽٣ûңҲ;뵽ƬϵС
Ѿã俼ԣĶǱ޿ɱܣΨһľֱǰͻƣ
̽鿴һ£ȷһ·򣬴ʱվһƬɽ֮ϣҰǷǳԭǸӦÿųȽһ£֮ϷȥǱһƬɽߵһɽ塣
ûǰɽ˵߶һӾͰ࣬޳ЩӦֱʩչǰȥ
ֻ￴ŲԶʵʷȴЩӣȵ뵽ɽĵؽʱͻȻܵϢƺЩ˱仯ԼԼں
Ǹʱͷ͵һǲţ⾹ȻǰǸ


1462 
뿪
͸һ޵ѹƮ죬ȴͬħһ޳
𶯲ѣɽʱɽһΣֻû뵽Ȼٴȥԭ˼ֻ֣Щɻα϶޷ʵ
Է֪ʲôԭ򣬴Ѷǳģ޳Ҫȥ֪Ϣɣ
뿪Ǹ޳ǰߣִֻһϢ΢һЩ޳һǸ˵֮ƺˣ
ڸղһ˲ԸоǸʱɢڿһп˵֮˴ϢʱҲϢȣֽģ̶ܴϾǴˣ
ܹطģĸǼ򵥵ģвøӺǺηʥƬɽ嵱Уǰʲô
ν溦è޳еһ뵽ıʯǰɽѾգȻЩϣ˿ȷеɽУҪҵʯĿԽԽǿңĸĵȲˣ
ǰȥطһʯֱͨɽ̽һƣܾĵģȻƶûУиסǰȥ
һΣδǸ𣬿֧˰ɣ޳ǰȥһؽ磬ȥǳƽܵĲľҲͬһѰɼδʲôصǧ֡
޳ߵʱһ˼ҪΪǰɽǻָȻõһЩƵĵҩһЩҩɽҲܹѰãһ·ţһ·鿴ܣȻ˼ζ΢ĲҩȫһԵ
ɽʱջҲСϸϸŷ֣˼ζҩ֮⣬ĲҩȻռˣ
жʱЩֵͷԽԽǿƺһʼǾ̤ѾźõһƵģÿһڱ˵ƵУǰЩҩþҪƵҩڱ˵ļƻ֮ڡ
ǲˣ޳ҡҡͷЩЦ̫ģԲŻҰɡ
ĿһɨѾǵɽȥããһƬɽ֣ߵɫǳһȥǱһζֻ˿ɽȥȴδ֮ɽսʱޱߣ֮󣬱㷢ƽɽ޶¡
Ĵ鿴һ£ر֮㿪ʼѰ˼ɽԵĲ˵ǸղǸӦþǴӴ˴Ǹ˵֮ؾɽ嵱С
ȻһǰһɽȻȽխȥªޱߣ̽ȥȴȻɽбж죬ʮֿտһ㻷ƾȻֱͨ£
СӣСһЩЩŹ֡޳ҪʱԪȻ˵
޳ĽŲ˶٣ЩʵɷʲôҸղ̽ȥδ״
ôղԪʵǰǸ뿪ԪҲˡ
Ӧûж⣬ӦˣƴҲҪǴϢбʡ޳Լ뷨
Ԫͷûбʣǹؼ֮㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
ЩʱԪ޳侲࣬Ϊ嶯ȥΪ־ˣֻӦģֵģһжԼļֵϡ
޳ͣ˽Ųؽ˿ǲ֪ʯĿǰֵĵطԲǰΣҶҪȥһ¡
˵ʯԪ֪ȰСǶ뽲ôӦңۿʲôҪ侲ȱסȻܹȥ飬𣿡
޳ʧЦԪ黹ڼŽЩԪȫɣĵͷԪ˵ģûİգǲ嶯ġ
ŵ֮ǰ޳ͲԼģֻ֪ҪһЩˣ֮ܵ֡
һ·˺࣬ǿԼȭͷһ£֪ܵٲûԪڣŲ
ϣ޺֮ǵش뵽ɽСһ룬һɷǳȳϢ޳ʶľס˺һ³ǰſһȫϡ
ǣⶴʮã沢δҹ֮ʩȴһ㣬̽һ֣ⶴڵһӨӨĹԣǹɢĹã
˼ƬɽоĵģδѯϢֻţȻһ
ͬһ㣬ǳйɵһһµûţ޳ƵʾȻ¡
Ԫ޳Ԫ顣
˵ôȥôܣԪȻסԼ޵ĿڣǳƵؽ
ܣ޳Щ죬δоĵط໥ӦͣƺһƬ
ԾһҪСһ㣬ƻˡԪüѵϸĸһ£ֲĸоԽԽǿ
ָоͺ˶һ㣬֪Ǹ壬Ҫȴַŭͼʵĸо
ŭɶִӺζԪƣҲ벻ͨȴԽԽ⣬޳˵һ䣬ԼСģһͷ뵽ԪУһգɴ徻
ԪҲȥ޳ͻȻּįĸоʱ˵ģƺԽԽ죬ּįĿ飬ľҲ
޳оǳ֣Ԫĸȫ෴ܷܣһһܹоԡ
ΪʲôأǸŵʱ̽ȴɲѰ˵Ϣʧһ
ˡԽԽ죬޳ⲢĻþڱ죬ವһϲƺڽӽĳطǸطķ
޳ӿ˽ŲѸٵǰȥʱɽУɹ磬Ǵ˴ľȴһɲ䣬ǿյģȴ죬޳Ҳ֪Լ뵽ֻ֪һֱ롣ãҲ֪˿ںδ
תͷһ߱ԭȰ࣬ҲЩ½Ѿ˰ɡ
ˣˣˣ
Ψһı仯ԽȴԽԽÿһ죬ҪòŻһ
޳Խľ֣ôоȴԽԽԶء
ʱǸ
뿪
޳һѾ̽æķȥʧǣҪǸȴƾʧһ㣬ವһ¾Ͳˡ
ЩɥҪջʱǰִһ

޳Ųһ٣ⲻǸղǸʱȥϢǱ֮ǰǸ˵ǿ࣬Ȼ翣֮£ȴҪࡣ
޳ವһ¾͸˹ȥ˷ܲѵȻѰǸ
һ£ǸȻԵص£˿ǰѾû·Ĵ鿴һҲδҵĴڣǸǴ͸Ųʯ
޳̽׷ȥȻ֣ԭ»һӿտĿռ䡣ֻǵ׷ѰǸȥˣ͵һ𣬲ŵغ
ôǾӦǼһʱӦǱӣս˵Ŷԣôܻ
޳ãֱԼ۾̽̽ȥȻǸ˵˵òȴ뾰һһ
⵽ôһ£


1463 ̬
ôǾ޳첻ֹϸȥ̽һ顣Ǿʱȴһεѹһ³˳˻
䡪
Ӵѹһ³ϯ޳æջء
Ҫٴγȥ鿴ʱȴֵϳһ޴ϣʹ޷ȥ
ǲǾ޳Լ侲ʵϸлɵģ˵Ϣ뾰һ˵Ϣһ˿ȴ˷ǳĸоȫˡ
˭أ޳ƲѣΨһ˷ܵģطڳˣ
Ĵ˿׼Žһ㡣
ѽҼǵطʮռ䣬ǳ飬û뵽ȻСӸҵˡ
ʮռ䣿޳δţ治ѡ
ԪͷǳؽûϹʱռ䣬ޱȣأȥѣڵ죬طʲô˶ܹģǾĿĴܣҲһܹȥٴ
˵ȻһЦؽʵ˵ˣһѺЩطȴɱõˣ
޳ͷһ쿴λ뾰һģһյˣԪ֪ǰûһ뾰һģһ
ԪЦ֪ǰ֪˿ģģģҲǵˣ˵ĻҵЩӡʮǿռƺϹʱھѾ׷ˣʲôط֪Ӧú˲ܽ롣
˵૵һ䣺û뵽ռڣȻɽС
ôһ˵޳ǳ˿ȻͷˣǾܳˣֻ˿ȴܹվ͸ֵʵΪܹ
Ԫһۣʵѵôģ˵ܴܲ˵ʮҲҲڶˡ
˵Ԫ鵹ЩĽ˵СӵʵģȻÿζǳյܻΪģڤڤ֮УϲԻǷǳġ
޳⻰˵ôͳϲȥˣɴЩ˲죬ǰԼϡ
ǣԼϣҪô뿪ɣǵȥԪ뷨Ц˵
޳ɫȻһ˵ʯ᲻
Ԫҡҡͷ˵ãֻ˵ʯͶ뵽ɽУھ֪ﱻЩһѾĿȫǣҵļûʧҲܹȻһˡ
˵Ԫ鵹ЩΪʧȥЩ䣬Ϊıʣһָоڸı뵱ǳƽйأЩ˴ĻǵظıĲ֣Ȼʲô
Ԫôˣ޳ȻоԪЩȥæʵ
Ԫҡҡͷû£߻
Ҳ֪˿ﻹߣ԰Ȩ޳
޳룬һ֮󣬻ѡ˼ߣһҪõʯԾ̶ѨҲҪһ
ȻǾ߰ɡԪҲԣ޳ľ˳㽫עļһ顣
Ҫ࣬ԽȥʱмǲľҲ˵ľһҪƽͣʲô飬ǰ㶼ܹңˣ
޳ĻȫͷͷֿѾй࣬ҲѾ˿ԪףָԼ˾ӡ
ˣҲûʲôҪģֻҪʱ̽һͺãһ룬أ
ԪϸĻЩ䣬̫ңԶкЩѾǵãʮռϾϵشȻҲʮӵģģģĵЩǵã˼ͻȻָͷҶڣӦþ档
޳һ㶣ǲûɣವһ¾ͳȥ˾ȵǣҪҶڵʱǰȴͻȻһ磬Ҷͬڻ޻һ㣬һζһ˲û뵽С
δӦѾһռ䡣޳ܵһʱ΢΢˳飬ԪʮռĴڣǲҲйϵ
˵ˡʮռ䣬ʹڵģֻǲнƵƶѡ
޳̾ѹֽͨǵġͷǽĵطȻڵص£˿ܵľǰͨ̽⵽һģһǸ뾰һռߣʱһʯ֮ϣ֪ǻ
޳۲һܣһƬطǺܴ󣬿һͷܿյģֻһѰɽѡ
ǰ˼ȴԽʯĽƾԽǿ
΢΢ش߶һһʹոչѹƽƣֲԷǿҷ
ԼҲǰЩԪؿռһһСľǿҵĶȻˣ˵صõ࣬Щƾʮ꣬Ѿǳ΢޳ʱΪҪƳǳ򵥡
ûΣֱ֮Ӻˢһ¾ͽƬƸϡãǰ
ǰʱҲһ£Ӹղ̽ʱִѪ⣬뾰һģһǴ˿̿ȴһãȻѾ˲֪ꡣ
Ӧϲ־ʹĻþԪ޻أǽ뵽ⱲӾͱȥֻһռ֮ںľʱ⣬Ӧʮ꣬ѺбضԹòи˽뷽跨ע⡣
ȥҲʲô˵ġԪӵ޳
޳ͷ̽ǰȥӴõʱ򣬾ȻӴһ䴫С
ԪһǰԼһ־ʱ־Ӵ޳ʱˢһ¾ͱһμ䴫ವһ³޳С
Ĳһηǳļ䣬һһƴʷ޳ȵǣʱ뾰һģһȻս޳ͷһĪǾȣ
սѹˣԭԪͻȻ
ʶ޳
ʶӦ˵սĻӦҪȡʯһλΪ˴󱻹ѺҪ˵λСӦǽ汲ΪһѾﾳ磬ƺ쾳磬׿츳ϧ㱻Ѻͷһ
޳ͷ͵һʯ֣æ鿴ӡǣغ涨йʯļ¼
ȻӡǴеľ˹ʯԭԭ޳һҲΪ˾ˣֻ޳ȵĸףȵĽ֮ᷢޡ
ʱʯǾԳһرˣλӱ츳׿ƴﶴ쾳֮󣬱ֱԳһ壬ʯ
뵽Գһ壬ԻȻбǿڡһսվǰαѺⷽؼ䣬ֱ
޳겻ѣʧǣվûҵʯֻԶԶһѡ
ô죿ˡ޳εؽ
ԪȴͻȻ˳ĬڻʲôһμһЩ¡ͻȻ޳СӣҺˣʯӦǱͶ뵽ʮռˡ
Ļʱ޳˷ܲѣץʵ˵Ŀǵ棿


1464 ʯ֣
޳ɵĻԪһغȵԪү˵ĵȻ滰С̬ô£
޳εЦЦһǰ׵ĵطɶǣÿΪڣǿǳ˲ٿͷˡ
ԪҲٸЦصؽ꣬ʯջʵ̫󣬶˵õʯ͵ڶһԽԽԳһʯԭһȴһ㣬ԳһԪ½޾ѣԣҲãʱȷǱͶ뵽ʮռ䵱С
֪Ͷŵһ㣿޳ʵȻʮռ䣬Ӧʮ˲Ŷԡ
Ԫ£ϸ룬ȴҡҡͷ岢ǵãӦ󼸲㡣
޳Σ𰸶˵ҲѾˣ˿Ҫıߵ漸㡣
ʱλչֵļ䴫ҲѾʱϹ¶Ļ棬һڻԵӣֻĺӡ
޳ļ䴫еֽ֪нĬĬؽּһȥ򾰺һ£˵ڡ
ĬĬվһ޳ҪʬͷǲŸҪȥȴԪֹ
Ķ޻أһߺҲߣֻҪһͻҷ𣬾ŰɣҲһϻܼһ档
޳겻ѣλӲһˣȴô˷ɱԳһͼʯд˽ҲӦá
Ĭվһ޳ҪߵʱȴܵĽͻȻǿһӾ͵סǵȥ·
޳̽ĽƾȻǰǿ˼ٱʱȻֻܺһ֣
Ԫ飬㲻˵ĽѾǳ𣿡޳Ƶʵ˿֮ͬ˸š
Ԫ顰šһҲƲѣͻȻԭƵؽǶطĸ̬õģյļһʲôʱճƹ˿̻治֪ʲô֡
޳ҲǻͷˣȻֱԪĻƵͷתġ
ʱ̽ܲ鿴һ£ܵĽƾȻԽԽǿɽһֵľٶȻǰߣǰʯڵķ
ǰȥ޳ƵؽͬʱǹɽԽԽǿһѹѾɼǰš
ԪӦһҲεؽǼȻǰ߰ɣӦûẦ㡣
ΪŵĹϵ𣿡޳ЦǰǿѾһˣ
ţܵĽͻȻٽһˢһγɣƶһӴֱֱس޳ϣ޳ʮ˿ûз֮أһ¾ͱײţֱֱسǾó˹ȥ
ǰɽ涨̬޳Լ˿̵徹ȻڳһǳƵƣſ˫ۣͬҪȻһ㣬ɿĳǾóȥ
ֻǾҪܻһǾ޳Ƶ÷ʱͻȻסת䣬ವһ³Ŷ˹ȥ
۵һ£һ޻УϢװΧһ˲͸оܵϢһ䣬Ѿһط
ڸղŵľ޳ֱﵽ˼㣬λͷϼ׽Ū˵ǰղһĻ˶
ԪĬĬתͷԼûЩʵЩ˵ԼԲʶյϱֶ̬磬ҲݵĳҲ±Ц
ǲûгʲô£޳һԼ壬ǰ龪һû״̽ȥ鿴һܵʲôطŸһȥ͵ͣԭأǿϲ
ʯԪ㿴ǲʯ޳Ҹʵ۾ðŹ⣬һĶǰǼʰ쵵ʯͷ
֪Ϊʲôڼʯͷһ˲䣬оð֣ҴЩʯͷ֮ϣҲһӴ֮ǰǸµҪ
ԪҲһ£Ŀ˰죬ŽȷʵʯϢǺﲻԾ
޳ͷһæʵﲻԾ
˵ͬʱѾ̧ǰȥ˿һռ䵱УǰһǸܶҪһЩ޳ûȴŲͻȻһ٣ﾹȻѺˣֻԶԣ֮棬ȴмһռ䡣
ֵЩʰ쵵ʯͷмһƬյϡЩʯͷɰڷڵϣɢŲԱߵѾֻʣһãȻҲѾ˲֪ꡣ
һĽȣЩʱӦҪ࣬ЩʯͷɢԵʣܾһ˿ϸ΢Ϣڻ˵ϢȻѾȥãɱš
޳ǰ̽һ£һͣԣֻϵĹŤţشʱ沿÷ǳ
޳̽һ£δκ״ɢŵһ˿֮⣬ȫ޲־δ
Ԫ鿴˿Ҳ벻˭ҲλʯͷһȴзֲʤԾͶ뵽ʮռ䵱С
Ȼ͵÷ǳǣǿεҲпܡ޳עȫмһѲɫʯͷϣż黺Ŀû˶ʧȥʱΧԼĹ۲ܵ
߽ʰ쵵ʯͷʱҲδ̽ȥ鿴ʱЩʯͷȻһâʰ쵵ͬϼһ㣬һַǳµĸо
ͬľϢŲ޳ʶľҪ룬ס˺࣬ȫѨ
ԪľٶҲ̽̽ȵغһⲻʯ޳ͷ͵һʧԪһ仰ͷһ
ֻԪ˵ⲻʯȴСʯ֮ƣ̺֮ҲǷǳɹ۵ģ㿴ˣΪǣԲŴ뵽ʮռ䵱У֪֮
޳ͷһԪڼţǵֻ֮Ҫһ˵һ֮׹ǣƾյĳһ
⡪޳ͷ͵һⲻΪǰɽϸز鿴һʯͷĿһʮ顣
ԪѾЩʯͷҪǼ´ˣĻʱ򣡡
ûĻʱ򡭡޳ֹĸоԽԽǿܸоһжİţǰɼЩҩ˿̼Щʯͷ
뵽Ԫ֪֪ط
Ԫͷؽһ֪
޳͸һЩҩ֣ǲҪõЩ
Ԫ龪ȵʵô֪
޳û˵ֱӽɼЩҩȫǬﵹ˳ѣ˲ͽƬɽˡ
Сӣ㾹Ȼȫ׼ˣҿҩĵǷǳḻ˿ֻ̾ʣСʯһѪҺͿԣ
޳һֵĸоԭֻ֪һ԰ĵʱӳɹʣֻû뵽ȻһطҪĲ˵ơ
ϲһϾȻһģһ
Сʲô㣬ѪҺûУ
޳ƣȻԪղ˵ģ֮һҪһѪҺ
ҡҡͷ񣬲ڴ˵еôܵõѪҺ˵ҪǶ𣿡
ԪҡҡͷҲǷҪɣֻѪҺĻɹʻ࣬ɹҲûϵֻҪǵ겻𺦾Ϳԡ
޳ŷĶԪ齲ˣǱһԣ
˿̾ǰɽҪϵԽãǵ˺ҲԽѾܲôࡣ


1465 
Ԫָ֮£޳Щʰ쵵СʯУһ俪ʼó
ҪǰɽƳ壬ȵҩЩ޳Ǹеĸ֣˿̽ЩĲҩͶ뵤С㿪ʼٵ
ҩȫͶȥıǿŻ棬лƹ̡
޳׻ٻ˳Աǻ𣬱ĸ֪رУԼһƧĽǰɽ˽̸
ǰɽһ޳ôҵ˰ķʱ˵״ϴ̫ˣֱ׵裬׵軹ҪףҾԺȢϱ˶ӣҲ̷㣡
޳ЦĿؽ㻹ãһôɡΪûѪҺƵķջһЩҪ׼
ǰɽɫһЩŵʵʧܵĻ𣿡
޳Цҡҡͷ⵹ôءֻǻص״̬ѡ
ǰɽʱӣ޳ɫһصؽһص״̬´ҪҵʵҩƾͲ֪õȵˣһֻɹʧܣ
Ļһ˵ͷǰЦѾڣ˶˼еһζҩСʯǺɹĶΪСʯͶ뵽ʮռλܣ֪ⶫѵˣ
ǰɽΰŮзͼ˲δŮͷͼһֱ˵˿̳ĬҲδʲôǰɽͺΰĳĬ޳Ҳһ˿ѹ
ЩǸؽҶԲסǣ⡪
ǰɽΰæҡͷϴǵĶ飬ģЩ׵ĻҲ˵ˡѪҺֻǸ˵ѣҶ׵ĺܡֻҪôһᣬǾѾˡ
ԣϴ㲻Ҫ󵨵ȥɡôһ״̬ǰһֱǳĽÿһΣվĵﵱбѣˬǰɽֵؽ
ĻŸ䣬޳ĵﵱдʲôбѣǽ˵ˣ㲻ҪǱ˵ǸСһ
޳εЦЦһ˭˭ÿζܳòɿ
ǰɽֹһҶ⸱ģˣҲһЩҲϴİˣʦ֣һЩ𣿡
ʲô߰ģҿûʦܡֹһ뵽ԪС
޳ЦĿǣһżʵǿɻʲôҪ˵ģ
ǰɽǺЦʲô˵ֲǳˣҪиʲộʱ鷳ϴȥҼһˣǰɽǸ쵱жС
˵ʲô޳ɫһޱȵؽ
ǰɽٺɵЦһ£ҲһԲ˵޳صȥ۲һ»ŮɫɫƽҲδôţ˿˵ð죬Ƕڹҵ֪ҪδԻŮԸ侲鷳
ʱһֱĬķͼʵ֪к
ͼıһֱǵģҲü۲ֻ̧ҡͷһ벻ӡ޳ǲ˼ֺ棬ǱҩҪƳɹҲûʱȥʵôϸֻһ˵Ľ飬û㿪ʼ
⼸˽һὫǷӡ뵽УܻЩѰһҪס
˵ͷЩǻǳԵġϾÿ˵ΪҲףô඼Բˣ˵ȥǱЦ
ǵͶ뵽оƵҩʱ򣬶ʱп಻Ƕ˴ʱԼֻһŴ״̬ȻɿʹãҩĽ֮£Ƿѹá޳ҪǿбˣҪ˳Ȼ
ô˳ȻȥҾҵٱ鰡ǰɽ޿غ˿ֻоԼһƬ𺣵Уһ类뵽˺̶ˮУνǱ졣һһؽ̼⽹ۣͲҪֵıˡ
޳ֳ˼ڵʱעǵǻܹܣ㿪ʼؽע뵽ҩУǿƵٶȡ
һḶ́ҩӳ֮¹˹˵ðˮݡǰɽ˵γһıϣ޳߷ɵһ㱣ĤǿһЩ
ˣǳܵĴݲʮǿü˶಻ԡȴͼһֱһδԣ˶ߺģǱ
ģҵȥϵбҲľˡ
޳״ˣȡСʯȥͶ뵽С
СʯͶ뵽ҩеһ̣ԭȹ˹ðСݵҩͻȻͬеˮһ㱩ٶֿͣһӾͽ֮һɲСĿˡ

ǰɽ˶ʱƺߣͼҲɫһȻܵ˲Сĳ
޳æⷽռ䶼סȻֳ󲿷ŵ֮ڳȥ汩ѹס
֧֣ǰɽ˵ѹʱ˲СȻʹѵǺôܹҧסǼһǾ;ط֣ڵĶǵԽ貣Ҫһ㡣
ʵڿնȻɲܹͻƵǿϿջŲҩСʯɢ
ƿʼ
޳һϲһǳɹһˡʼ뵽ҩУʶؽǴ߶ʱһسǰɽ˳ȥ
һǶյĲˡ޳㽫СʯУһûȥʶֱӽŶͶ˽ȥ
ЩСʯͶˣɱּһˡ޳ѹţȻһ
ʱܼתһֳȻּٵǰɽ˾һͱһǿವһ¾뵽ҩУֻһû벻ǰǰƯ
ʹ࣡޾ʹϵĴǰɽʹ಻һ˲ȴֻ֮оԼ꾹ȻƺоĴڣתзоָоͺԼһ㸴һ
ҶʱȫԼԼκβڽ֮ǰ޳ǣһҪס񣬴˿˭Ҵ⡣
ģԭҩھһһֵ֮峺Ƿĳʵˮһ㡣
ԽԽҩУ߰۵ֳֻͬһӤһ㣬ٺѪγɣӺȻǰɽԭȵģ޳״Ҳһϲ󼸿СʯС
һΣʯͶ벢δ޴Ĳǳ˵ӿȥʱһ󲨿͵ǵӣѪ֮һ¾ͱͨವ뵽ȫС
ƽеؼһ
޳ҲЩһǳ׵ںϣֻҪֺһأǱԼˡ
޳ֳע뵽ڣֶһſʼơûѪҺһؾԵΪҪһںʧܣͻǰ
˹˹ˡеҩѾγһƬ˿ֻʣһЩҩ޳ţʣȫӷ˳ͬʱʯҲڷżµãһжɵĽš
޳ҪʱȴͻȻַͼǱߴһƺһ⼱æ̽ȥ鿴Ÿһӽͼͼ͵رһҫ۵Ĺâ


1466 Ұ
ôˣ޳Ϊ죬ǷͼϵĹâǵûһ¾ǳ޳
޳һ¾Ҫȥôһ£ȴͼϵĹâವһµۻȥһӽǰɽ
âŸһסǰɽ˱ʹغ͸һ˿š
ͼʲô˼ǰɽŭ
ҪʲôΰҲʮֲ죬û뵽ͷͼȻǣ
޳͵س˳ɫһ̽һ¾ͳŵг˽ȥ̫һӴͱһɾ޴˳
ͼʲô޳ɫҲĿŽķͼ
һֱĬˣͻȻ³֣
˵嵱кȻһƬҫ۵Ĺâˢһ¾ͽƬڱڶǰɽʹĺ
ģȻҪǵȥǰɽŭغ
ͼǴ㣡ҰĵļһΰҲʹΪһ壬ͬ࣬һﾹȻĺȻͬ඼ɱ
޳ɫԽضŵʵ˴ĻǣĿʲô
Ѳǵ꣬ͼһ˿˿˿ȴͻȻֶԸǣһʲôɸ˵ܣ˷ѾĻ
ͼȴЦһ£δ˵Ǽǰɽ˿ţһһҪǵȥ
ǰɽѾӸʲôҪǣ㵽Ǻηʥ
ǻشǸҵĴݲС
һȻԾʱԪͻȻһ䡣
޳ͷһʵǲ֪
ģ֪ôǰΪŷͼξȹԼû룬û뵽ȻҰıͼֻŲᵥΪͼֹǰɽǡһﶨȻΪ֪Ŀģ
ԪֻҡҡͷЩȷؽ˵ΪʲôܾСϢЩ֡
Ϣ޳Щ죬ԪѾһϢһ¡ÿһ⣬ֽȻҲδϡ˿һᣬžз䡣
ʱӷͼϱһǿһ¾ͳܱȥ޳ɫһҪȥֹȴѾǵһѾױ飡
޳ܣȻҪǰɽǳĨɱ޳ŷַͼͼֺԥֱӱ˵˿ǰɽȫƿصУֻҪһ
ӵв壿޳ͼĿವһǰķͼ˿ûΪٶеʱǳǿѹͬոµһ㡣ֻһֽͣѹûˡǰһУװƭ˵ģ
޳ЩԳؽĳǶô´ܣһﾳεĸ˴ĻǣΪˡ
˵ӵﾳεʵǱعƣշͼֳƣ»ֹ磡
ͼÿɷֻؽ޳ɨһۣǰɽ˱չӰУʹ಻
޳һĻȭͷ΢΢ؽĴֵ뵽Σյľأ
ں𣿡ͼͻȻڣЦЦؿ޳ûкҩȲңҶ㡣
ʱЩ޳еĲ⡣˵ĵﵱֻû鿴һеʶѡ
δ˵ʲôʣȴ޳һ
һӾ뵽ĿġԪ飡ĿһǳԪǰԪصֿʱһﶨڸҲ޳ʧȥýĵв鿴
޳ɫͼ֪ʲôҲ񶨣˳ŻȥȷʵҳԵȣЩԵ΢ϱضǸԭһЩʱնãǴ˿̿ѾȲˣ
仰޳ʱͷһƺǰƵĻǾ仰ȴǽɫƵ˵ĿʱĿŷͼ
ֻͼͻȻ¶һЦݣȻϵٴθı䣬һҫ۵ĽһӽסǽȴĽɫ֮ԽԽͬŨīһ㽫ס
Ϣ
޳ͷ͵һϢǣڲǰŷıضҪ׷ѰϢ֮
ϵϢȻǽɫƵ˱Ϣһһ
Ȼ㣡
޳ɫеĺವһϯʶǾڴΪҪʱȴϵŭವһ֮ʧӰ١ͺһþԭȱŭˣͻȻƽޱȡ
Ԫ鰵˿佱СҺʱؿסԼľľһҪƽͣǧ𱻼ŭˣ
޳ҲЩ£ڸղһҪŭϯڽʮռʱԪ¾ѹˣر磬δаơ
ͼԭ޳߻ħȴͻȻƽϢһ֮⣬ֻҲӼᶨˣҪȥͷ
ˢһʩչת˲֮޳ǰ̧һƳ˹ȥʱһ޴Ӱصس޳Ҫ
䣬ǵأ޴ӶΣ޳ֻоԼܵĿסˣһռֻʣӡϢǵѹɫһнһˢһ۵üıһҫ۵Ĺâ
ռһıһǹâವһ¾ͳǰȥֻһռһһӾͽƻ飡
ȻЩ͡ͼ潲ǳֵĶȴһ㶼ֵĶǳһŽһƣ޴Ӱɽһ㣬޳ѹ
޳ʩչסԼ壬ϽⱩǣȫסüģռһĳŷͼȥ
Ӱ˸ƱáһܶжʱҲǴûã޳ɫȴһ䣬ַͼȻ쵽ǰɽϣĿ޳Ҫô־ܣҪôɱǡ
޳͵һ־һﶨȻԪ֣ҪǰɽǼⱰ޳ܵļһϲַѵľء
޳³֣룡ವһǧбֱֱĳ˹ȥ
ҿɲڸ㿪ЦͼͻȻЦһ৵һչֳһ޴ϣ޳סһƳǰɽ˹ȥ
ֻһһҵıըǰɽ˶ʱϢ١ͼޱĮֻһ棬㻹һУôһǾͻ᳹״ʧ
޳ͷȴͣס˶ðգղһľųɵȴ޷ﾳһεȥοܹԷһɱѾ췽ҹ̷˵Ҫȥսʤ޳ΪѲѵʱȴԪͻȻСӴӦҪ־ܡ
޳һæصܣҲ뵽ΣյľصУ
Ԫ֮ǰŶùԪʵδָԷﾳεĸ֣ʲô֪Ȼðա
Ԫȴǳֶ£ҵҪǺηʥȻ˴󵨣
Ԫ˿̬ȷǳ档浽޳Ϊķǳаա
СӻʲôԥģΨһĿȫķԪүĺܣֻҪҽѲƤԲߣ
޳ЩԥÿԪڹǵĲѡԥţԪȴͻȻ߶ԪʱһɲãϢವһ¾ͳŷͼ˹ȥһӽ˹


1467 Ȼ
ԪͻȻĶ޳һ£ҪֹѾǹӴǷͼģѹûо˳ǵ˹
޳붼δ룬ˢһ¾ץ˹ȥȴڴͼһ̣һĹâ̴ϵѪһ¾˳ͼವһ뵽ԪУ
ڷͼԪһɲǣ޳ѪҺȻವһ¹âû뵽ӰУһ¾ͽǰɽ˰ΧСͼһ£˿ɲ㼱ٵĳԪȥ
޳żѣǴ˿ǰɽҲŷͼһû뵽ԪС
һҧҲȥȴԪ鰵дȱ嶯Ϣ
޳أ΢΢һ档ԪĵﵱУԪ鲢δ˿̣޳ȫ棬ϣܽȥ̽ǲ֪ΪʲôԪȴסȫϢֻо洫һ󲨶һĳ
ԪУͼһͼһƬڰæҪȥ̽ѰȴȻȫԪ֮һŨصصУ޷̽ѰѾȻǰƬԻһС
ţԪԴթ𣬡µûԻôԪүү󷨿ɲǼһ
Ԫ˵űವһ£ԱһƬռ˷ͼһˣĴ߶ܵԪضʱҲֱֱسŷͼӿ롣
ͼɫδֶپţֻĿһ۱㿪ʼƶʼֵһ˲ɫȴ͵һ䣬ЩŵĿǰʧʵôܣ
ôܣ˭ĵϡԪٺٵЦţವһ£ƶԪתԪʱһ𣬺嫵ķ¡¡ڶ⣬档
޳ڵĵʱͻȻԪдķͷ͵˿ϢԪӦް
ʱǺ֪ͼԪˡ
ģ㵽ʲôˣԪзͼŭĺšȻȫסˣҲ֪ʲôʣǿȻҲͻƣȥһһģȴʯ󺣼һˣ
˭Ҳ֪ԪƦһƮƮؽ㵽˭Ҳ֪
˵ű̽ŷͼ
룡ͼ˫һವһ£˺ݽϵȫ˳
ֻһɽɫתɵڵĹâѾŨīһ㣬ϵĳܷɢ
ԪͻȻɫһһ㿪ʼȫƶԪֺֿڹ⵱оȻ̺żǿĶأòײŽԪ޸ɲٱȾˣ
ͼԭҲֻֿȻԪ龹Ȼ˽ţ㲻ܲ˵ش߷
ģСԪͼĶԽԽŨɫһҲ˺ݡˢһ°ڿٲŷͼͳ˹ͺȵԪүүģϻûгֹվ㳢ζ
֮䣬Ǻ嫵ѹ㳯ŷͼ˹ȥоһӴѹɫһԪ麰ǰɽ˻ҵϡ;
еǰɽˣ˿̵ȴЩǳ϶һ㵭ĺţȻڿʼؽں
Ԫ˷ͼĻȴವһ½ٲͼԴ߶һЩ쳣ؽҲûа취ģһΪǱ𣡡
˵Ŵ߻ĸѸͬʱԪ¡¡Ԫزϵ߻ĳŷͼӿ
ͼһû뵽ԼȻһӡԭĵҪһԪʵĿ뷨ѾȻ޴档˿ֻ밲ȫֽ뵽󶦵Уһжϣ˿̶̾ͬɼ
룬Ȼ޳޳㲻ֵĻ֣
޳żصȴԪϢȻͼĻҲһ£Ȼ䣬붼δͻصҪɱ㾡ɱһΪǱģ
Ȼǽ߳īߺڡ˵һģһͼüֱҪѪʱܵԪӿԽԽ졣Ǳ̬ͷʹԼȻԪ鶼û취οȥ̽ѰϢ뷢Լֲô㿪ʼȫȥ
ӣûôףԪ˫һУವһ¾ͳ˹Ӵޱȵٲˢһ¾ͽͼס
ȥͼһӰеǰɽ˳ٲ˹ȥ
СˣԪҲһǰҲֻ˵˵Ҫǰɽ޳ء˿ֻȽסǣҪ׷ʱȴͼѾɵԪڣҪܳȥɫһƶһٵವһ£ʱһԪڡ
ͼû뵽ͻȻһ󷨣±˸ţͷʱƮɢѪӿȥǱתͷ߷ߵؿһ׷Ԫ飬һҧ³һھѪҲһವһ±ǣһӴƴڳವһ³Ŷڳȥ
ԪҪ׷ȴ͵طһϤϢһ񣬾÷ͼ˳ȥ
һֱ۲Ԫ޳ڵһʱͷ˷ͼķӦȴԪһģһҪ׷ȴϤϢһ¡ʱͼѾವһ³޳ĵһʧӰ٣
޳зģֻһʡղžȻϢ
һĻĻĻطţǺͿôҲûнͼǷ룡
ûСӡԪƵؽŪ˭뵽ͼȻ
һھһϢôҲ뵽Ϣսġ
޳ͷһʲôȻɽ鷴һ£н
ѹս뵽ɽ֮ǰɽ뼫ڤڶԿɽдʱ
ٽͼݽ뵽ɽУȻȻĽսҲ˽ֻͼصһֱȽǽɫҲҪ̽޳ѹһһֱʲô鶼ĵӣȴͻȻ޳
˵ôĿʲô޳Щ벻ͨ
ԪҡҡͷҲ˵ãǼһ˼Ӧò򵥡սһǱвţսǸӣѾ޸Ĳ࣬ӦòڱһﾳεвȲŶԡ
Ԫ޳Գһû뵽սͼһôһ⡣ôһ˵˵ͼʵʵɲ⣿
ûԪ齲һѽӦûǲǵ֮ǰȥ̽ʱ̽˵ʵ
޳ͷ֮ǰװ˾ʱ򣬾ͷˣ֮¾Ȼﾳ֮ʵʵ֪
˵˭޳Ȼʵһ˾Եȫ˾Ѿ֤ʵǱˣأ
ǵΰŮವһ´Ԫз˳ŭؽĿУһֱǵǾԲܽȻкǣն
Ǵ˿̣޳Ŀȴһעšؿǣʧʵɽ֣ǾȻԼںˣ
ǵ÷ǳ֮ǰǵںϱжϣϲôںˣô£


1468 ѪҺ
ںϣ
޳ⲻ˵ãһ˵ǰɽҲʵһȫ㶵ģ˿Լ壬ָæ̽ϸĲ̽һۣһŵӡ
Ȼںˣǰɽغ
ѽоԭȫûףôоƺǿ׳ࣿΰЩ״εؽͬʱתͷǰɽֿŮʵôһ£о
ŮҲһ˿ӴһĨϣȥ߶ˣδ˵ѾһУҲоˡ
⵽ô£ѵСʯӵĹЧҲ̫˰ɡǰɽʹԼţҲ°Լĵ𵴣ؽ
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Ԫ飬ƼԾ޳΢Щţ˭۶ӣһ˲û취ˡ
ԪɫҲЩأԴ֪ǰɽԶں֮һֱųĬ޳һŻعҰһͣζؽɴˡ
ô˵ɽûΣգ޳ɫһӽ
ԪҡҡͷС𼤶СǺõúܣھҪǵ룬Ҳǲð죬Ծܽķڶ˵ġ
ô˵޳ص˿ЩƵؽ˵ܲһ˵ꣿÿζϲ浱ҵôǿ󡣡
ԪЦЩթСӵ࣬͸ͭǽһ㣬Ǵ򶼴򲻳һ߸ҽʡʡɣȥкԪүҲơ
˵Ҳ֪ô£޳̽ǰɽǼ˵ʶȥ
ھԵǰɽ˲δκηǽԼ޳Ż̽
޳ϸĹ۲һ£ǵȷʵԭȶǿһЩںϵķǳϣȷʵԭȸ
⵽ô£޳ϣ֪ģںϵĹ̵вͼϣһûѪҺٽ˵ʱֻһʬ⣬ѡ
ϴ˵᲻ṇ̀һΣȻ˷ܵʱһ´ϵǰɽ޳һ̵ۣܾôô̤ʵأ
ΰЦ£ǰɽ˵㣬Ҳò̤ʵܸоͻȻը
Ůһ죬ǰϲõȥҲһĨ˼
޳æ˵Ӧûд󰭣Ҫ˼룬֮ǰںϵʱǿио
Ȼǵˣǵȴ쳣ѵģںϹзһӦǳ
ǰɽü룬˵ʵںϹеķĥһ㶼عˣ¹ԼȻֵʹĻ롣
ʹ㲻Ҿֻоһˡǰɽ룬ޱȰյؽ֮ǰľ¡
ͻȻΰһԼԴ޳ˣڷͼʼǵʱƺйâ֣ʱںϵٶҲӿ˲٣ʹҲ֪㲻㡣
Ļʱ˵ɫǰɽôһ˵Ҳˣƺ£ҵʱǲҪˣͻȻ˶ࡣ
ŮҲͷҲоҴ֮ںϵٶȶӿ࣬лҡ
Ƿͼʱ޳ʱϸĻһ£Ǹʱ򣬷ͼͻȻɱһֲʱҪȥ赲
ͻȻһһָоһ³Ľչֱĳʶ
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̧ƣĵǵǳǳİ̺Ȼڣûƹˣ˻ܿõʱİ̺滹մȾѪǸʱͼģѪ˽ȥ
ΪԼе뷨еЩĵӲԼѪҺﲻͬЩѪѾȫѪҺҲ֪ѾΣҲںϵĴٳɣѪҺԵʡ
Ԫô޳ʵ֪ʳ仰ʱжôţѪҺʲôѪҺѪҺ˵һЦ
ԪüͷıҲŲ˼飬ǰȷʵûⷽ룬ظܵ޳е뷨Ҳʵһ̽Ĳ鿴һͻȻһЩŹֵؽСӣȻҪˡ
޳ͷһ˵˻
ԪһۣƵ˵ųпܣѪҺٳںϵļ˵󲻴
޳ͷ͵һ˵Ǽǵǣֲ룬︴ӵĸоһ𣬵󻯳ŨŨĵִһոµբΪ򿪵ǸȫµȻŸľϲ֣Щ£Ȼȥܣ
Ԫ̾Ϣһ˳ȻɣЩҲȻҸɰοһ£ȲҪ˵ȥ
޳һǰɽ˽ںϵĹ̵зһЩ⣬ԽǺõģҿǷȱ۵ˡ
ϴɱô˵û㣬ڻǰɽæܲ޳Щ
ΰҲ˵ϴЩͲ˵ˣǵĺǶǵģҪʱȥǾΪȻڿܰϵæҲԽԽˡ
˵ΰɫЩȻԼѾﾳϣ޳ȴֻﾳһΣʵȻҪ޳࣬Ҳ޳ȻƴƴҪսһ򲻹ҲҪ֤Լ
޳γֲ֪е뷨ֻҪǿʵֻͣǰֺγ֪ϵѹ
޳߹ȥĺΰļ򣬶ż˽ȥȹһ£Ϊǻ
ǰɽ˵ͷĬѡһط£ʼ
޳վһԷֳһʼһξᵱС
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޳Ѿţκβ²⣬ǸԼܳܵġ
ȿʼ˻ħı񣬲ع˻ãһعЩĵЩԣֻԼֻһͨ꣬ڷһߵѡ
ϸؽһж룬кȻһӰǸħһ㴦͸ΣϢˣһֱڵǿĵִ
Ԫ飬˵ڻ꾳мһֻɫվԳǲ񣿡
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޳еĶҡԪһʱɢӰ٣ѯ˼һЩǸɫվԳ飬ܺȻһζ֮ǰ𶯻Щ΢ģֵضɽҡĸо
ô£ﲻҪ˰ɣǰɽлع񣬲һ¾ʹӵ޳ԣȫȻһػ̬
˵ʱͷ۵лҳ𶯵ԽԽһҪݵĸо


1469 
ͻ֪ΪȻ֮һռʱö
޳Ľǰɽ˻󣬶ǽҶŵģȿ˵
˵ͷȻţ˾վһԣֻǽзδ
ƵԽԽǿһ㶼ûҪֹͣ˼޳Ȼʮռ䣬˵ֱһЩһصΣô̮Ҿô꣬Ľôǿ󣬹صĶһЩͱĴܣҪ˵ȥˡ
ôţȻһ˿Ծܹ֪̽˼άһ㣬ŸΪﲻ̮дʯͷҡεҲԽԽȻѾʼܴǶȵתһҪֽŵߵӡ
ǰɽһæȥֿΰһ뾡ܵذ޳ֵһЩ
ʱ޳ҲɢһʵĹâȻǽ𵴸ѹȥࡣ
ˣԽԽǿҪǻ̡
Ҫ˰ɣ޳ͷ͵һæԪ飺ʮռ̮Ŀܴ󲻴󣿡
꣬𳳡֪ԪȴͻȻ˸Ķ̽̽Ѱʲô
޳ĵĽͬʱע뵽Уǿ˱֣ʱƬռһƬطѾ𶯵زӣʯͷͬһ㣬濴ȥΪ׳ۡ
һԪȻѽһЩдؽѵϢλҲó
޳Ƶʵ˭ⲻȻ֮˹Ϊ𣿡
ԪȴȻŹֵЦһСӣҲţô赲ô赲㶯֡
޳һ£䣬һ˿ȻˣΪ˷ֹ⣬ҾͿذɣ
˵ű㽫ֳһ֣һע뵽ԪУԪҲǳϣһչٲһע뵽ԪУҪʼͼ
ǰɽȻ֪޳סһ壬һֻǳĴ󶦣ֱǲӦȥ̽ЩһԼķʲôû
ֻһǳ¡¡һȴű򿪣һɲãϢȻֵʱܵ͵ͣһ£˱ȵŵ˶һ㡣
һǹֿʼһͣҡεøǵѾʯ飬Ҳ֪ЩʯǴģͷɱ÷ǳܣܲ͸磬һ㶼ûҪĸоļһҪǻ
޳ıѾЩ࣬ɲС£ŵ㣬ȻһСĽȫˣͱĿˣ
衪ƴ򿪣һͬһǵлصƬռصһҵơ
޳εؿһ˿϶ʱһɰӿܵʯһ¾ͳȥȴڽӽʱ˲仯ɷ飬Ȼ΢Ԫ뵽ԪС
һж޳˵ǳļ򵥣ͬѰһ㣬ܵʼϵر嵱С
˽ؽӴŹǰɽ˶ɴۣҳ
תٶԽԽ죬ȻγһСг޳ۿЩҪӽ޳طռ䵱ͻȻһŭ𣺡ˣ
޳ǻδӦһɾ޴ӿһ¾ͽǴӵһ˲ͻȻǰһһӸ߿յڵϡ
޳Ψһĸ̾ǺǿղžȻһ㷴ûУ
µͬʱһһ´ӵϷϸĿһܡ
ûпܿãһƬ͸һ˿һᲱں統У֦ҶԵЩɣ
ٲɣҲû޳ʱĲֻʡǾȻͳˣʱվĵط֮ǰҵڵǸɽܿãһƬվ⺮統оԼһɵӣ
ͳˣòײŽȥȻʹͳˣûеõʯûоĸףôԱͳ
Ԫǲ֪޳Ƶʵ᲻ö𣬵ǻҪλ弸ĳ嶯
ɱԩңԪƲԼĹϵ͸˿Ź޷ŷ׳ղŻ֪
޳Ƶʵ˵ôɣ
ԪȥȻҲش𲻳
ʵǰɽҲܵǻ֪ʯڸղŵƬռ䵱У˳ǳˣתͷһ޳ɫѿʱ
ϴôˣǰɽʵ
޳ԪĶŵлع񣬿ǰɽһۣЩε¶һЦݣղڵƬռʮռ䣬ʯռ䵱еĳһ㡣
ʲôǰɽɫҲЩ԰Ҳ֪ʯ޳ش壬һ·ȴ׵ĺܣЩżʵǿô죿Ѱ·ٴνȥ
˵ţ˱㿪ʼѰٴνķΰͻŮȻЩͷԣҲδѯʣǺѰ
ǽƬɽһ飬޳Ҳ֮ǰڴ̽ãȻķ֣ǸѾգ˹Ϊǣǲǽȥ
޳ȫ߷ȥҪº俪ڣȴûκЧ
ֱ󣬴ҶŪþƣ̱ڵϡ
ϴ˵ô죿ȥˡǰɽЩյؽ֪ǻҲʯȥһۣҲñϢ޳
޳һֱ죬һԲЩ꣬һԲʱһַǳǿѹȸС
ʱĶҪξĸףĸ׵ѾԽԽȥ̤Ԫв鿴µõĽԼܲ
ͻȻӵվֿʼĺǰڣԿ϶ھͻȻĽƺ棬һҪܾʹֹʯڱصã
䣡һһҵײԭɽԭһֻ񾪵ôⲱϷų򣬷ڿ̻˼£ֽŷˡ
Ƭɽ޳ײƵû
䣡һһ£һ±һ¼ң޳Լȫй˳ϵײȴһδθǿҵķǸĻ쵰ȻƬƵж˷ƺͼƣǴСǿܹԷպͷ
ǿ֮£ѹܺ俪
Сӱ׷ˣŵİ취ɡԪ齲
ڸղ޳󣬲Ȼ˿Ѿʮռ䵱С
޳Ҳ֪ʮռϡǵǰȻЩģִĵ׶ľηɴڣֻ֪һ㣬ʱûӳʱѾɢˡ
޳ȴһɲϵײţ޷ܣʯΨһһҪõ
ϴײˣײȥԼҲ˵ģǰɽ˼޳ӣЩż޳ײǸûκη
ϴİ취һбİ취ܹȥǰɽżؽ
ΰֱӣһӳ嵽޳ǰſ˫۶ҪԲȥǾȽɱˣ
ѽϴ侲һ㣬İ취
޳һ˿ŬԼȶǰǸǸһЩϤȻֹǰȥȴоһɰġ
ͻȻһſյɽ׺ǲ㣿


1470 ţ˳
׺ǲ㣿
޳صڿյɽԵЩȴһһظʣһִŵķһ㡣
׺ǲţ𣿡ǰɽҲһ£ΰǲ֪׺޳ȴͬʱ׺һ·ҲǼ֤Ǽһı̬
ʱ޳֣ʱԸӣĿУ޳ǳ׺һһĴڡ
˭֪һʵʵһƾܹǳ߲ĸ֣пܾǸƽһ㣬˿ֲ
ǰɽ˵Ҫѯĺΰʹ˸ɫǲҪ
һʱ䣬Ƭռ䵱ֻʣ޳һһĺ
׺֪棬ҽȥ޳źţеǸͷԽԽǿһɽʼϤİԭһֱûⷽ룬ǸղͻȻӦþ׺
ôһͨ޳Ҳӵż׺ǸȻȥǳĵȻ֪Ƿʲô飬ıԼ
׷ʲô޳ʮռ̬Ľƣиӵżʼһߺһ߼ײ
ʼ׺ʱԪͣһӡ
䣡ǿҵײ޳ЩɳƵĺȥʵЩ׳ҡ
֪˶ã޳ֻоԼѾײȫľÿħȫľײĲҿ
ͻȻӵص´һ̾ϢɽһΡ
ɡ͸һ˿޿κΣ׺˭ģ
޳һõЦݣĶˣ׺棡
һ̣ͷ淢һ˿һӴں俪޳һ飬æٴȭͷԼڵȫУžһ¾ͳŽҹȥ
ֻһޱȵĽڱ򿪣޳͸һ˿ϲͷǰɽһ֣ͬˮһ㣬ˢһ¾ͳȥ
ΰŮһͷˮ˶Ĭıͣ޳塣
޳ǳ뵽ͨеʱһסǣ޳æ˽Ҫֿ
壬ǹǹסŵصȥ
һĶǵĹ̡
ʱһܹǷǣȴǳİƺ϶Ǹ˲˺ǣǴŵβǸİˣ޳
̲һ㵽Ŀĵء
̤ʵصĸоãǰɽ̾һǵߴǰվһӰʱ͵ı͡
޳ǵǰͷҲͿǰվıӰɫӰȥЩȴ͸һ޵ѹ
׺׺ǱӰ͸һɹµį޳ʶĸоͻȻ֣׺˵ΣʱŷϣϤĸо·𿴵Լ
޳δ˵ֻ̧ǰ׺
׺ҲδתͷĬԵɳĬ
˵Ŀȫǰȥ޳ǰǸɢŲӲӹ⻪ʯͷʱͫ͵һ˵
ʯԺиֳ֣ɣ˼ţ⣬ʯ
ʯȻֻ׺ΪҲ޳һ˿ɻӦҲ֪ԼѰʯҪĸյ˵׺ּˣֹܻǰŶԡ
ôţǰʯȻһ˿ֵ춯ԭڹ⻪һ˲䰵ͻȻһĻŵ˶ᵽɤӿڣʯͻȻʡ
޳Ľ˽Ѿ亹ðҪǰȴ׺һס
׺ģȴ͸һɲɣΣա
޳ͷ͵һЩʵĿѾʧȥ⻪ʯ̫ͻȻֻһ˲ѣʱǿʯѾһ㵭ĺɫţһ㱡̡
ǲ㱡÷ǳйɣڽ֯һĻһ㡣
Ļ޳һʶľҪȥֹĶȴһǵĻѾɡ
ֻ⻪һԭȺɫĻһ˿⣬ԭһ㣬㲻ϵɢͬˮĲһ㣬һ³ɢ
ĻѾ浭ģɫֳ
ӵɫĲɫ̵ֱɫ֯һõĻ棬޳ǰɽǰĻʱ඼©һġ
¹ŵأû뵽⻭浱гֵľȻ¹ŵأǾԳһľ۾ӵأ
ǰɽһɲõͷʶĿ޳ȴϴüͷ˫ţ˫ȭҲյýģ͸һɲпϢ
ǰɽ΢΢ǰһ޳ȻѾ޳ʵ󣬵Ϊػ
ͻŮǰɽľٶжһ˿죬ǲ֪꾳û¹ŵأҲ֪һСǿǰɽ˽ҲǰһԷ⡣
ʱǸ浱չֳþѾ˱仯һƬɫĴӵײ졣
ǺɫĶʱΰͻŮɫһףһɿ־壬ǰɽ͸һ˿ŭǰֵž޴ĺɫͷ­ʵ˴
޳ȭͷѾָǶʹ侲˫ضǰǸֵ˶ͷ­
һźɫԳͷ­ãѪʻ
ɫվԳ޳ĵҧгݵĺţ֪һ˭ȴۼɱһ龰
޳֪Լеķߺȴޱȵȷˣ޲ýңó
ĻͻȻһϵЦǽ˵ͷ­Сһһʶ
ΰǵͫ͵һŵؿǰˣǾȻĻпһޱϤӣ
޳˵Ȼ޳һģһΨһͬ˵ʣ˸˵ĸоսթǲ֪ͬӣŲͬı飬Ȼ˾޴Ĳ
Ц޼ɵ˫͸һ˿ĹƺܴĻд͸˵һ
Ŀⶢ㣬վǰܹĿһ
ವһ£Ŀεͣ޳ϣͷβһ£ǹһĨпЦ⣬ЦЦؽˡ
޳˷Цһȭͷ˫𻨣Σ
˵ܹӰĻһļˣһǰ֮ˣڼ޷飬Ƕǰ֮˾ֻʣº⣡ɺⲻǴһģһһԼҲ˵ԭ
޳Ȼûʧ˶ؿ޳˵ĻȴҪж˿飡
޳δ˵׺һ𶼾վԭأ˺ƿ׺һ㣬Ŀֻ޳ϡ
Ҫʯ𣿡ɫվԳͻȻ¶һЦݣƣĹâһǿԭȥʯͻȻС
һһʯ£޳ʵҪ𣿡
޳û˵ͬʱԪ·ȥϢǳ΢޳˭Ҳ첻
һ뵽ĬУڳĬбڳĬĳûг֡
ɫվԳɽʯؿңĿһֱ޳ϣڴһһ㣬дһ˿ϷŰӡ
ֿ˵ʯֻܾһˣҪĸףҪ²


1471 Ѿ
ҪĸףǾ²ɫվԳ˵⻰ʱԲǴź⡣
޳΢΢üͷһ£ֻĸףô²ϵһˣ
΢΢ƲͷһԵ׺һֱޱ飬Ҳ֪˿ʲô
Сңȷʵһǳѵľ񣡡ɫվԳ˵źȻЦϲ޳뵽ʹ൱С
޳еԻͻȻһĵʵ㻹֪ʯɣ㣬ʯܾĸףܾһˣ˹ϵôǲǺѡʯ֮¿ɾֻһ飬˾ûˣ
ɫվԳȫֻ޳һģһЩǰɽ˿òǴδ뵽޳ȻҲаһ棡
ǽҪ̫޳ӡѾٹ̣пܱǰ˹ƻˣ
޳һֱվԭأɽţеɻҲԽԽ󣬵ɾǿҧδѯʡ
ɫվԳҲǷ񿪿ڣǵͷһвޱȵʯЩźؽôأֻܾһˣ㵽Ҫ˭
޳ͻȻ̧ͷĿ䣬һɫվԳԼһģһˣ޳ͻȻһֻ㱣ǿһԼǸаԼ
ʱɫվԳϺȻһɫǶһ㣬Ȼܹ͸Ļ͸
޳δӦͱǺסһ̣ͻȻоһ˿Ϥζͷʶһɻ֣̿ĸ׵Ϣ
һ˲ŵϢǹϢǳĹŹ֣ƺϢ޳ϢߣԪϢϢֱø׷ŵģƺƬﶼУ
޳͸һ˿أһ̣ͻȻԼļͷһ߾Ĵɽѹһ㣬ص
֪ҪȵĹϵ²˭Ҳ֪ΪҪĸףȴЩǣһ
벻ȣҪôȡԺвϵڣصһըѡ
ǹɺವһ¾ͳʶȥվ׺΢΢תһӣȻĿ޳ϸ˺ʱüͷ΢΢¡
ֻˢһͬһ鵭Ľɫס޳Щ޵һ㣬ˢһʧһֽ޳ڵĺѾ޿Ƶ뵽ľС
׺һ˿Ҫ̽ȥ޳־Щףԥ䣬޳ǱѾ˱仯
ԭº͵Ӵʱȴ͸һ壬˫һֱŵЦ۾ʱѾޱȣĿͬ׶һּ黬
ɫվԳǰɽ˼ʱ޳ɫˢһ±òҰס޳ĻֵӰ񼸺һģһ̬Ҳͬ
ϡǰɽ޳ȴΰһסͣɷһ˿졣
ͬʱ޳ĿˢһǣǱһ񼸺Ҫǵ嶴ǰɽ䲻ضһӣһɺӼðֱࡣ
޳ǵĿѾİȫһˡ
̧˫֣ͬһ̶ˮһ㣬û˵ڵĻȴһذըɱ
ȣһںڵĹâˢһ³֣Ѹٵšһ⽣ںڣ͸ʹޣȴɷޱȡ
⽣Ÿһ֣ǰɽ˾͸оһǿѹǰɽŵüæϴѽ
ܲżʵ޳Ӿ֮ǰ߻ħһ㣬ӱǰӵĿֲ
Ǽ޳ӣ鲻ԽȥǰɽСĿһվԼϴԵ׺ϣλţְܹһѣҪȻȫ޳һƵģ
׺ȴƽվԭأΨһǰͬľüͷţ͸һ˿ɻ󣬲֪Щʲô
ɱ޳һȣͻȻͬһֻԱһ㣬һ˳ͬʱĹ⽣Ҳˢһ³ǰɽ
ҵѽǰɽŵòֱӹڵϣ˵žǰܣǵٶȵ޳ֻһ¾ͱǹ⽣׷ס
˻ëѾһΣǳס˱ϾǾ˶ģҪ˵治£ֻɱǵ޳ô޷ܡ
Ƕǰɽ˵֪޳ѹһûڲУǰô죿ȫûм֮
ɱ޳ĹѾǰǾҪһ̣кȻһ˿ɻͣǱ뵽ԥС
ʱԺнžҵĶǺҪʶ룬ȴĽɢĽ⵲סֲ£뵽սС
޳һһͿ˿ֻܿһ˿֧š
޳㻹ԥʲôɱˣµףɫԳЦţӵջ
ұ죡޳Ŭıһ˿Ź⽣
ǰɽ˼״ʩչӵԶǲߵ̫Զֻһ԰ȫĵط޳
Ҷ㿴ǳôңҾ㣬ʹɱȫµˣµףɫվԳƻţѾ͸У뵽޳ʶ档
޳ʶֻоһһһֱֵȻԴӼɫվԳĿʱоͱעһħϵӣڱɫվԳһѣһѿ
𣡡޳һ޺һĺǰɽѾԶˣˢһ½ĿתԵ׺
ɴˣϴţ˻ôһǰɽ۾ವһ¾ͺˣ޲ȥֹ޳
ΰһסȱ嶯ȿ㲻˵λ׺ֵܸϴϵܺӦò˺Ŷԡ
ҿŲԾѽҲϴڵӣ׺һʼû˵㿴ϵıҲЩ֣Ҿ¡
ǲ֪׺ǰɽǼʶƵģ˵ǾΪˣԿ϶޳ɲ
ΰŮǰɽɫأͷҲԽԽʱǺɫվԳĻ
޳ɱԣһ谭ͳˣʱɱûлˣ
޳һ˿㱣Լû뵽ѿڶʵ˭
һֱжһʣ׺˭оϤʱȴİֵ֮ĸо׺Ĳ޶˵Ҫϸһ־÷ǳ
ʱ޳Ѿֻʣ±ʹж
һڣֻɫվԳҲһ£Щŭؽô֪˭֮һǣϿ콫ɱˣ
ʱǰɽǿʲô޳ϴ޷ǸĻ߳һɱˣϿѽ
֪СϴңҾϴɱң͵ɱϴ󣡡ɫվԳĿˢһǰɽͬʱһźɫˢһ³˲ͽ޳ס
𣡡޳׷˿еһ˿ҲӿĺʱɱΣ붼δ;ƣһںڵĹ⽣Ҫ׺ȥ
ںڵĹ⽣ɢűĺ⣬һѹܵĿſ׺мγһյشܵһжƾֹһ㡣
޳˫ѾȫɫȾͬһֻħһ㣬˲ڿն𣬾Ӹµƣ׺ȥ
׺üͷһֱţ޳Ķѵóһ˿ͷˢһ̧ƣֻһɲǣʹͬٲһ㱬
ǰɽѣ붼δ룬㷢һǰȥ
һֻ޴ƴɢŲӲӽѹֻһ˲ͽȫס


1472 谭
ʱֹֻͣͣɫնʱ⡣ǰɽ˵඼ҪŵĿǰһĻ
Ǻײֱ˶Ĥ޴ƺһֱֱĳ޳ѹ䡣
ǰɽͨһڵأ˫Ŀɺ죬ŵĿǰһĻţ׺ĳˣ
˵ʹغһ´ӵϴͬһһ׺ҪΪ޳
أ
һˢһ³ǰȥ׺üͷøһЩǶСӵжǳ¶ǰɽһƣͷűԼӵе޳
ղһ޳˶뵽˵ص£ʱδͳһѪҲ궼ѱɢ
ⲻܣǰɽϵҡͷζ޳Ȼ׾ٵˡ
ҲãֻɶĺɫվԳȴ˵ŷһĻϲּ
׺üͷøһЩͬʱָⵯһ⣬ˢһ뵽ӵС
Ⱥ֪࣡Ǿֻ䱻ŪڹƵУģû뵽ɣȻһ֣ɫվԳЦΡ
˵ǰɽٴδӵϴͬһͷķţһ㣬ܲ˵ĳźɫվԳȥһӰѣ򲻹׺ƴҲҪǿɶҸϡã
ȿȡһ˿΢Ŀӵǰɽͣסϸһ
ȿȿȡٴ͸һ˿һεԹ֣־Ͳһ㡣
Ÿ䣬һɫĹӵдͬһֻȭͷСөһ㣬ͻأĳǰ
ǰɽһ£ȻǿϲܹȥŹϸĿһȷǾ޳ꡣ
ϲҪȥԼϴӵȴַ״̬ƺãץվԭء
ΰͻŮһĻҲʵ˿ڸղţҲһų˹ǰɽȥ𣬼޳û£ѵĸо
ǵˡ޳ؽʩչ壬˲ۣһ޳ٴγǰ
ǰɽݺݵ˿ƵؽϴÿζˣղҲȥţƴˣ
޳ЦЦղȷʵǺɫվԳƵȫޣҪ׺ʱסˣ治֪ʲô飬ʱǰɽǹеҲο
׺˽Ĳ͸ȴһֱšֻ׺Դӳָֺֻ˼ӣһ²ؼ߸߹̬ȣǰ޳Լڵ飬Ų֣Լȥֿ޳Ҳת˲֮飬һܹԼȨ
ûã콫ǶɱˣңҾ㣬ֻҪɱЩˣǾܹõͳһܹԶףɫվԳǼ޳û֧
޳˾Ūһ㣬һжƿصУƺֽӮҡ
޳Ŀ͸һ˿ղһ˵øȷɫվԳкιϵ޳ֻ޳ѣɲָֻţ
䣡޳͵һһӴƴںȻһһ㣬ˢһ³ǵĻȥ
ĻеĺɫվԳԼӪĻ뵱У·Ѿ޳ָӣЩ۵ȫɱ
һ̣ͫ͵һĿͬһͷײеĲһݺݵĶ޳¶һƵĻȣСӣô㻹ɱңˣɱҾ͵ڶԼǰ̣
أ
һ޴ײͻأƬյĿռ䵱УƺԤ֮֮СֻһһĲĻдֻһ¾ͽĻͬ֩һ
Сӣ㾹ȻĸңڵģΪ޴ΪڵģɫվԳŭغ
飡޳ţȭͷȫעУһȭȭػشȥȭͷ̺ŴݿһȭȭƬռ䶼Ҷ
ΪɱҾǽֻһӡǶѣӱܲǰ취޷ҵģ޷ԼһһӰΣεؽ㣡ɫվԳȰ˵ת˲ԡ
ǻشһȭһȭĺĻѵԽԽؽƽȫס·һֱܹ̾
ɫվԳӰѾģЩѵ·ԵŤŤ쳣ڷŭĺš
ɱΣΪܹõʯ𣿴СֻѡһɱҲı䲻֣
һҵĺдǿҵĲʣɫվԳվڷֱĻɢΡ
޳ͣ¶Ŀǰɢ߲ϼʯ˵Ļصŵȫ֮ǰɫվԳ
òϣԷĻȴ˲С𵴣ǻͣ½Ų
ǰɽ˼Ǹȥһ޷ļһﾹȻϴһȭȭĴƬЩز
׺άǰı飬Χһж޹һ޳Ʋͷһ۷֣λصֵã֪Щʲô
׺ƺѾվã޳̲סʵΪβȥȡʯ
׺Żع˲ָ˹ޱͷһ޳ȻƳһǰϼõʯ˵һ˴۾Ļҹȥ
ȥǰɽǰȴֺ赲ؾʯǰһξ裬ûнȥǻͷһ׺վľ룬ʯʮԶ
ţ㲻ǿЦɣǰɽŵرȻһ֮ľ룬۵Ĳţ׺˼վǱӦǼˡ
޳Ҳ죬̧ǰһ£Ҳδܵ赲
Ҫѯʣֻ׺ͻȻһ⣬žһ²ס˴ȥʯǰɽһӽ˻
ͬʱǰɽʹҵֺʹǶôô
ղҪ׺ʱ˻ִʱѾˡ
˵ͷҲ͵һٴοɫʯʱȻȻ޽еȻǳ˿ġ
׺ʱȴ޳Ŀʾһǰ
޳һ䣬˼Լȥʯ
ǰɽԼֳĬȥղʯɢԵֿģ֪޳˺ֲֿĵزЩĵʯ˺
СĿ޳һǰߣĶᵽɤС
֮£޳ȴһƬȻ費ϲУǰǸֻܹĸһƷѣǵɽҲҪȥһ
ǣ޳һ·ͨ裬Ϊ˷ֹ⣬סƣǽõʯȥ֮еķûз׾ٵľʹʯκαʶûз
ǰɣⶫȻӵģǰɽԼɻʹƵغ
׺ǰһУûие⣬֪ᷢһУֻ޳
޳һ£׺һ˿²δ룬ҪץʯҪ̨ܻʱʯͻȻһ貵ĹâͬʱǰʯǸƽ̨ҲһһײһγһƬҫ۵Ĺâ
ˡֻһһǿѹУ糱ˮһ㳯Ӷȥ
޳ͷһʶľҪȴǰһõӰӰʱ͵һѿڶǰ


1473 Ҷʤ
һõӰ޵ģǴɢѹȴ˲ݺӣ˶ǰλųİɫͷһԺӵĶ֡
ͷЦеĿ޳ֽĿ⳯ǰɽ˴һ£Ŀ⾭׺ʱͣһ£ܵ˾һ㣬ɿƳһֽۣĿ޳ϣЦЦı飬޲ڸõһУ˲òѹһӰһʵվǰ
ա޳ϸϸؾ׽֣λǰʵѾİȻδʽţЩŹֵĽƺͿ飬޳Ϥ
գͷǰɽ˵æסԼͣԼôܹĳƺλŹֵļһλǰǲƵ·˲ٿͷһǸС۵ģڼƣܹԼˡ
ȻյעǰɽϣĿһֻ޳ϣϵЦ⽥ȥһǰȻͬĵĮ˱ٶʵ̾Ϊֹ
Ȼˡλǰ˵ĵһ仰ͷԣʱ޳пƲסһ˿졣
ǰ⻰֪޳ǰ޳ʵ
ٲ죬͸һŵͬʱִһ˿ȥ˷ǳ
һ˿⣬δֳҲδش⣬ԹԵؽʯԭΪ׼ģֻҪСһǴңĸ׻Ǿ²񡣡
ѡ޳ǰɫվԳ˵ĻյĻòϡ
ӽеĽȫѹĵףʵǰɷ˵һЩ޳ΪΪ²һЩҲ֪֮Ҫ²ƿһ֣֮˵ݺѡ
С޺ǫЩ֪ؼһʱ֪һֱкܴɻ󣬵飬һʼעģûѡҪֻܹĳԭ˳Ӧض
˳Ӧأ޳Ȼ뷢Ц˳ӦأӦϲģ˳ӦأļͥӦ÷ֱĸһֱв˳ӦأҪеĪеΣ³еΣһ·ҲľԼͷĳأҲȥеһУЩ֪һеļһȴҴţһɣʲô
޳첻زκˣֻһףκƿأҲκ˵߹ֻԼ
䣡
һϵˢһ´޳ϱŭȻɣտ޳ͻȻɢ˫΢΢һ£Ļο
֪ʲôˡϷڲܸ֪һУֻҪס콵˹Ҳؽǿ־ܵĿֻΪ㽫һЩ·Եÿп෽ΪˣûоѪˮϴˣôԳΪһصӺ
޳ͷһЩүүХҲķϲʱүү
޳һЩҲԵòôųҪĪصЩܽܣȥеЩˣᾡľȥǣΪǳһƬ죡
һ˫Ϥһе񵭵޳Լһżڵʯ˵ǳҪ˵ҲǳҪܹܹʧȥԺ㻹иõĵط
޳˵Ҫҵĸףĸ׵ѾǳʱɢңΪҶܵشݶ޳һζܱԲΣֻҪһϣܹȣ޳ȣ
ʯֻһˣĸףȵ´ҪʱҲûˡռ޳ͷţһȰҲЩż
Ҿ֪ʹӣҲע뵽ѵľСҾ»Բһ˿ӡʯУϣԶЩЩؽ
³ȷʵ֣κεҲǳǿܹ׼ҲǰͷɫվԳѹյӡǣ¾ˡ
̾ϢһЩеɣ񻹲ʺϸ޳һﻹҪ绹úܣһζĸЩѹֻ谭ǰĲ֪ηõĶ
޳ȴǳ˳ģһᶨؽ±ûжᷢʲô˭ֻ֪ҵĸס
еʯεסջֹֻǿӲֶˡʵжλŵʦĴм𾴣˭޷ֹĸף巢֮ĸ޳֪һᣬһ
СӣҲ黹תĻᣬһ֪һ취ȻЧҪʯһЩǾĸҲ㹻ˣΨһȱҪЩʱգĸ׻ȵü
δ˵꣬޳ԪдԪСӣĸ׵ҪŲסˣ
޳˵һץʯ͵һʯͷεץУսǰҳһʦ޳޳ģһΣ޳ֻ˵ǸĸѾȲȥұ
˵ձתȥ˫һˢһһסСôȰиػĸףҪݵʱʲô⣿ʱĿɲֻĸһˣ²˶Ҫᣡ
ǰɿ޳͵һȻһ໥һʱ֮Ҳ޷
ϴæǰɽͺΰ˼һĻæǲŲʲô²Сңֻ֪Ǹ޳ҪҲ޳ǻδͱһӴУշŭ𣺡Сޣʹһߣʲô֣
˵ͬʱƳվһһֱĬ׺һۣҪ˵ȴվʲôû˵׺һֱάǸƣԼ統УΧһжŲʡ
޳ʱҲ˲ֻǲϵش߶Ҫѳȥղ̽ȥ̽ĸ׵ȷʵѾǳʱܹɢ
Ԫ飬һ£޳ؽδԪ˵һֱûûСģĿУԪǳѣǴʱûˣǹΪʧȥĸ׵ĿֻĻҡ
ԪԴӷʯ󣬱쳣ĳĬȫûʱ˷ܣʱ޳Ļһ£ЩãлģʲôҪȴץסһȴĵ𣬲ܰܰ
Ԫ飿޳δõӦĶʱ͵һһֱԪһֱûһԼ֪˭֪Ǹһǳļһ
޳ͷһʯ᲻ǣ
ǻ룬ȴԪȻ̾ϢһҧݺУԪүҽͻȥһѣ
˵ű৵һչٲԪƶһӴ֮޳壬һӾͽյ
ձ޳ͻȻһǳ׵ıŭƿڴˣˣ㲻Ҫ㣡Ƕ²˵ΪҪЩ޳һжעģ㷴ˣʹĸףҲӱܲˣαЩ·
޳˫һԪһӽԼΧųһ֣εĽʯУռᶨؽҲ죬עΣҶʤ죡
һɿ񱩵һ´޳ڳ޳Լ˲ѣδԪô£ͼǹѾճͷβİסˣ


1474 ʯĸ
͵ֵͻأͻȻƲɵԭȻڵգ֮ͱѹһʧӰ٣лصʵŭ𣺡ɵӣϷ򲻸ʰ
ٺҲѾ죬ʧ޳ҲǳĳأǱʲôصѹסһ㣬˵ѹûѡĸ׵Ѿһץʱ
ĸ׿ŲסˣҸطϿɡԪֻһ仰뵽ԪУ
޳˽⣬ȻǸӣȴʤȴӡԪܷһ㶼޳ͷӳԲںˣȴòںԪ飬ĿУԪĸһġ
ͻȻЩҡǲǾԼĸףͻʧȥһЩ±ģ»Ԫ˺Ȼ֪ʯԪʲôϵ
СӣٲȾˣŤŤģһͻȻԪԪһŭֵģЩϢ
޳һ£Ԫ鴫һĸ׵Ϣ͵һ֪Ϣǳ΢ѾɢĲˣҲ˲Ͽǰɽ˵һҪĸ
ǰɽɢʼڳһ޳ವһ뵽м䣬ͳ
׺ʼնһֱĬվԭأȻЩɻ󣬵ȴ͸һɵȻֱ޳ŽĿ⻺
ǰЩӣ͸޳űʲôˣ׺ڿ޳޳һҩͶ뵽Уֿʯԥķ뵽У΢΢һ¡
δֹ޳϶顣׺ͻȻһ˿ˣʲôһ㣬ˣҲûȥֹ
޳ʱȫۼڵУؿȥ߻ʯ
ʯͷ̺ԭĻҪǿͶ뵽У߷һӴЩһһͬһ㲻ϵײŵڣҪͻ谭ȥһ㡣
ϣײԽԽǿ̺һǿħһ㡣޳ƴѹţͷѾбĺˮ߳뽫ЩѹȻҽĸ׵ͶȥȻôһӾܽĸ׵곹״ɢ
ǰɽ˼ӣҲżְﲻæֻһ˳
ԸΥ޳Щͷĵǳܲסһ±ѡ
޳ϧæɢݶҩۼҲǿԼʱҪӵʯס
üͷţǰɽ˵ǿе
ϴŵЩƷȷʵмֻȲƷѹɲó
ϴĵҾõó֡ǰɽΪѵؽϵı٣޳͸ģҪõʱûһͲʦҲЩ
ĵȻǱǲǵò޳źؽȻĵһƷףǳõĵҪѹûô
ĵȲϴһֻΰؽ
ŮҲʾԼòĵ
޳ҲЩżûеҲֻнǰɽĵһˣܵȣĸ׿ɵȲȥ
תͷһ׺һϳһɫ·ȫǲǬűӡʵ֤׺ҲûκηĶһƾѾ㹻ֵһС
޳ƲҪĵϵʱԪȻԪɡ
޳һ£ȻϲôԪҲһǳǿĶҲԪӦÿУ
±㽫ȫҩﶼͶ뵽ԪУߴԪԪүƣ
Ԫϲ˼ҺԪү޳˿̵ǳĴүȴδˣ̾ǿϵĶδɣȻ޳Ҫһﲢ⡣
ԪƵٶȺַҪ޳࣬ǿʯҩиٲ͵ٵ
ҩںϣһһ񱩵ʯɢγһѸ͵ϵײԪ
ʱޱȵĴҲֳĿֲ֮ʹʯǿײԪϾͬһζûзһ¡
޳һ˿ϲȻûԪȷʵ˾ޡ
ԪԪİæٶȷǳ٣һʱ֮ʯѾȥһ롣
Ԫ齲ˣĸǳһͣǻŲס
޳ͷСؽĸ׵һһĳԪ鵱ע롣ͨȥĸ׹ͨȴĸѾȫûκηӦ
޳ʹͬʱҲӼᶨԼԺ˭˵ãֻܰյǰԼڡԺˮڣͲȥ˶ʤ죡
ںһǳḶ́޳ϸĹ۲һ£ָҲѾˣֻܿĸԼ컯
Ԫæţ˻ǰɽ˽취뿪ɡ
ĸû𣿡ǰɽСʵһ˵һ߹۲޳ɫ򶨣ûµӡ
޳ͷʱûд󰭣ֻںҪһĹ̡
ǰɽ˿˱㿪ʼγȥ
һյʯݣԭΪ׺İæŰǴͨͨ޳̽ϸĹ۲Ѿصµʮ߲㡣
ʮ߲ӡǾ˫ޱȵʯһأ޳нס֪һӡǺʱˣʲôʲôǶ֪ǳǿǺʶһ¡
֣ˡ޳׺˵׺Դ¹ŵ׷ȥ֮󣬱һֱʧա޳һֱǳģʱȻ˿ĵ׵ɻһֱڣ뿪֮ٺúõ̸һ
⼸ԼҲ飬ԽԽʤţǿ׺һ¡
׺޳ĻתͷЩãؿһۣɢ޳ϡ
߻ָֻۣ޳ϤǸ׺ֻĿŸЩͣͻȻһ¶ĸ
޳Щɻ󣬸ôˣͻȻоԼĵﵱдһ˿žǰɽҲ˲ԾæΧʵϴôˣĵʲôȼգ
ѽâ͸һ˿죡ΰ˵ͬʱѾ̽һвԾͰæѹơ
޳˸оﵱзĹâȴδоκβʣ̽һ͵ס
ֻĵﵱУ׼ȷ˵ǴԪУһӲӹ⻪嵱еĹâͬ޳һʱҲ벻ݡ
СңҲءԪ鲻޳شʱſԪϣǲӲӹ⻪ѾƳ˱Ե
˿̣Ԫо˽һ㣬Ȼδɢȵ棬ǳȴǳ׳ۣЩҩҲѾȾ˽ɫԭһʰ쵵ʯɫУѾԭɫͬǿŴ꣬һɫâг
޳ʱĵĸףæ̽̽ȴȵط֣겢ûܵκ˺ΧЩҩʯ۵ԴԴϵز䵽굱УѸٵ޸ǡ
ԪͻȻһѪҺģԪôѪҺ
޳󾪣ѪҺԪ˵ҲںѪҺ
˵ģһЩǰĴ糱ˮһ㳯Ժȥվȡ


1475 ת
ѪҺ޳㶵վԭأзĶЩԡ
ڵħħĺˣĸͺŵǿ
һеһֿʼҡȻ޼ȷʵԭԭԪ½ͨңûĸأ
ʱҲΪĸ̺ȹȴδ룬ħĺҲһֱر⣬һֱĴֿһ㡣
ǵħѾȥȴԽԽ޳ѾǵǸ꣬˵ɵӡԪнɫͬѪҺһĹ⻪뵽ǰǰɽںϣԼĵǵɢŵѪ˺ۡ
񡭡񡭡޳ͻȻһжôЦĴڣΪλ⵽֣֮ܵ
С㲻Ҫ룬ڤڤ֮ȻжҲԣֻҪԼСԪؽһֱǳ޳ǣиʧһͲ;
޳ɳԼ˼УѪҺѪҺĸף˵ʲôֻ˵΢ѪѣⲢʲôֵ飬ʮҲˣҲҪܺһѪҺеŨ΢һЩҲǼпܵġ
޳̾ϢһԪ飬֪ҾĲЩҹڻǹϵ
ʲôϵϵģ㻹ڻСͲ۵ǲ٣ãԪүȷĸ㣬Ĳ֪ϡ˶ٴĺҲãⶼԼҪ飬·ǰôʲôԼģ
Լģ޳ϸؽ仰׽һ飬˿Լ޳㶼ҪȥǰߣҪͷ
СͨˣԪŴ˿޳ĵطɫȴǳ࣬üͷϸĹ۲Ԫе״
ʱֽɫĹ⻪Ĳ֮ѾϡȥѪҺҲʯģЩںϵ굱УѾԽԽ
µȴԪþòͻЩڻһԵĸ޳¶ɸԼȴúܡ
񰡣ĬĬڶ˵һңɼΣԪ˵ȴӴ￹ܣҲ֪ԼΪλͷֻòȥӴ
ǲοܣõɻᵽǰһɫҺ壬ԪУԪܵÿһ˿仯ᡣ
ӴϤӴԪĬĬı۾оЩĲܻͷˡ
ʯ뵽ԪУֻһ֮٣û뵽ȴţǻʣµİʯԪ鸴ӡ
һԵ׺Ҳһֱ޳ĵѾ̽̽ûΣղûг֣ԪĴֻ֪һֱûеƶѡ
޳ԪĽһֲУޱ飬֪Щʲô
ûпϢ޳ܹ쵽룬ھԵΣ޳׺ʱҲδκηУ߹ȥʵ֪кο
׺һ˿飬˿ģ޳³ĸ֣˳Ȼ
޳ΣһϧҪеóһЩϢû취ˣϲǿˣ±Լȥ
ٴι۲һ£ĸ׵״̬ǰ࣬Ѿһ˿΢ĲȻȴһǳĽ
һͬʱӼҪ뿪Ͼʮռ䣬ǹѺЩĴܵĵط쳣֪ᷢʲô顣
νʲôʲôʱ治ܵ飬ǻ¡
޳ŷԼҲѻǱŵᷢʣܾҵ𶯱ǰĻҪ
ǰɽȵغһ񲢲Ǵռ䵱зģڴݵ
Ҳһ㣬ɫأҪıĻãǰһŭȥġ
ӦǷʲôʣ޳ͬʱһ³ſҶС
¡¡淢ıʱ仯÷ǳ죬һͽƬռ𶯵ľҵҡ
ģò˯ˣͻȻһͷĺͻأĳƬռ䵱У¡¡ͬһ㡣
޳ͷһǰȳȥʱǸˣҲˣһȴǳǿ
ǻδӦͱһɾ޴УһͬĨһ㣬ͱӵ档
ǰɽޱȵǣ׺ţ˾Ȼһ㷴ûУǸļһｫ˳ȥ
飡
䣡
ҵұڣһ´ڳʮռ䣬ͱӿ˿С
үүģʡĵСǣǸٴ𣬴һ˿ŭ޳ǾȵĿ⵱Уֻӵص²һ´һȻͬһԲεĹһ㡣
ȻۿɼٶȼСγһͰСವһ¾ͳȥ
˵ɫȫ˱䣬׺ǸһߵĶ˼ʵȵˡ
޳һĻҲԾСԭһֱΪɽУʮռ䲻֮ǰƶ칬һǸþѣþȷʵҪĶɵӲѷֱ³
ǰⶫȻնӣʵ˿Цá
ǵע⵽ܵʱɫصͬһ㣬Ҳһ˿Ц֮ġ
УʱУһʮٸǧ飬ܲ
޳˷˼Ĵ棬һĻҲ̲סͷƤ顣
ֻһӴޱȣ޷ֿУȥһ˿ȥĿܣ˾ͱ޾ռ䣬һʱҲˡ
ǰȴǴĵһɺ⣬ôУİһǸݣÿһж͸Ӵ
޳Կ϶ֻҪǱž뵽ᱻ˺ƬǵѣҲᱻӵнƬ֮أ
ϴô죿ǰɽʿˮʵȻҲܽţǲδֳ⡣
޳Ѹٵع۲һܣƬռ䵱УеһжѾʧȫȡ
Ѿûг·޳ֻ֣ȥ
·Ѿȫضϣľǰƴȥ
ֽȫ뵽У׺Ҳְ޳һƳ
ܵŰײ޳ϣ̶
ƬռҪˣΰؽͬʱҲżѣɽҪǱ飬򶼻ܵǣ
޳ͻȻǧټ˲סɽǹ־޴Դǽ뵽ɽ֮ǹѾʧã̲ס²ǰһǲǹΪ
֪޳룬׺ͻȻѾˡ
޳һ㶣֮ǰߵǸӣҧҧֻһ֪ƴһҲҪ̽һǸһĵף
ǰǰȴһޱȾ޴⣬Űȫû·
޳űԽԽڣ׺ûаգ
ûС׺ش÷ǳɴࡣ
޳ע⵽׺ϵϢƺЩԾһʵˣ
š׺ӦһҲҴţҲδ֪͡޳ǽһݣǴʱˣֿЩֻܸ޳ȴԤ롣
˵ȷʵһشѣ޳һ£һҧȻˣǾ͸ɴƸۣ֮ض


1476 Ƹ
޿ˣǾӭս޳ʱҧˢһ£ͽԪӵﵱ͸¶ﶼԼˣҲҴţֱӶԪ麰ܿ𣿡
ȻԣҲ̫СԪүүˣôõĻôԴԪƺܲ±㽫ǶѽɫҺһգ뵽ԪһȻչƣٲ¡¡𣬾Ȼ֮¡
һʱ䣬Ƭռ䵱оֻʣ̶Ķĺ¡һƹӵϢԪðͬһӵս޵еĳǰɱ
֮ܵȻıӵϢѹסһЩͬʱ׺Ҳˣһ޴ӡĳֽ޳ܣγһι̵İΧȦ
޳״ȫע뵽ԪУԪһƶ
衪صٴͬһȴšʱ׺͵һһ˿ɻ󣬵ɻδüۼֱ仯𾪣ȴǸĲ⡣
Ȼʱ龰ɲ룬㿪ʼȫĽһӰӹ̷ߣҪΪ޳ȡһʱ䣬ȫĿ
޳ҲδʧԪ֣ٶȷǳ١ϵһɿ񱩵Ԫವһ·ɵ޳ڣͬʱһͼӵﵱг쵽޳ͷ
ͼƵתٶԽԽ죬γһ©εУܵ㿪ʼ˳зӿ뵽޳ڣ
ض䡪ǿգ
Ƭռ䵱бгţѾûǿգǵصͺǿѹһ㣬к
޳ǰɽ˽ܷʲô鶼Ҫ뿪
ǰɽӦͬʱ׺ڲϵؼӹܵķߣΪ֧һȫϡ
Ƭռ䵱г˷ǳһĻΧУһͬһ㲻ϵת޳ȥȴһŽɫӡסϵĳײ̶
ɫӡİΧȦУ޳ΪģϷһӴУܵȫӿ롣
¡¡ٶȾ춯أͬһֻ޴һ㣬ѸͿٲ֪ƣ롣
ÿһ䶼žء𳹲ĻһرɫЩ֮ٲҲ޷񱼵̬
׺޳͸һŶһޱȵİ۾ϸĸǿ񱩵ӿ뾭֮ĸоʵѣʹš
ʱ޳һ̨͵ĳˮһ㣬ܵȫЩһԵӿܵĿռ䣬Ҳòȶ
޳߶Ԫܵʱȴ˾춯صı仯
ԭʵͻȻܲȻɽѣȴ΢΢𶯣½ǲӵյϣ治ѵĿһС
⵽ô£ôö˶˵ķˣǿգҪˣ
ⲻ꣬󣬹﷢˾춯صĴˡһؽ
ѾʼĴ̽óĽȻԪ½״ֻеĵطأеĵط΢һЩѡ
Ҫ˵صĪҲ֪׷ʲô飬ʱͬĩһ㣬ݣǿɽһ֣ѾȫĲӡ
ĶٽɽﱻǿĽƣǾȻֵУĲһеһжŴңҪ̮ˣ
ӣô죿սֻһ״̬ոԽŵʵ
üͷ΢΢ţδĿ⿴ɽķòҧгݵؽ޳СȻһ
սһЩСʵǶɽ棿
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һʱ˶δ˵ֻռʱĿֲϵػصС
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ǳױˣѾȥһʷƾõĳǺȻ嶼ʹѡ
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أǸΰޱȵأ


1477 ض

˸Ƭ̽Ⱦø財
һΰವһվһĨ˼ͣһȥһЩ͵ߡ
˵ߣ˵ݲϣȥҲʮͷģǴɢƣȴ˾Ѿзǳɣʷ
ΰ·ĲӲȻǰֵ춯˶ĵȴֻͥȥ԰͸һ
ͻȻâɵ̽Աߡ
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ʱѾɢһ˿ȵϢԭֻһɶĳâ£Ȼĳɢ
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һˬʵЦ˿˲δֵĶྪȣȴڸˣ˵ûһҪˣ
ȥһߴһĶָֻһϺɫĹâˢһע뵽صС
ԭƬؾʹâҪһ㡣ʱϹһ߶ǵõ˴߻һϵӡ
˼״üͷһ壬ٴһϹ⣬ˢһ³ĴӴܵĽȥϹ֮һŴεס⣬ˢһһᣬֻԭĴɢĽͬܵĳǣವһ¾ͳճȥ
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޳ͷһǸˣʱͻȻЩѾ̣ʲôˣֻǰǲܣֻŸڷı仯˹ǿ
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˵ԼȴԳЦΪ飬гȥһ˵ʵҲһѡ
޳ȴķԭҲһֱΪԪԪ壬ԽԽأټԪЩ䣬һͷԪ鲢ô򵥣ⱳ󵽵ʲôܣʮǰ׷ʲô飿
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߼ǰ԰ĹõĲ㺰
ȴȻ¶һƵЦݣȻˢһ¾ע뵽˹УֻԭĹͻȻâɣһɿ͵һֱ񷡣
Բۣ޳ҪץסǿŲ֪Ϊ汦ȴͻȻâɢɢֻһ˲䣬ǹ͹űٵĶȥ


1478 Ż
ͻȻһ¾͹űԶնȥ޳˶еɵۣ⵽ǺηʥȻĿŵ
үүҲ̫ˣǰɽһҪ˵Ԫûðɣһ߶޳׷ѽǶɲܶˣ
˵ͬʱ˾Ѿ׷ȥǶĹپ͸˼Ѫһ㣬ٶȿĳ棬һѾߣǸ˺ôһξ롣
׺ǷԶĹ٣üͷ΢΢壬תͷһ޳
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Ǽʹ̺׺ֲǧ׷ǵ޳ҲǳߣڼԼѾǼ죬û뵽ǹپȻҪ죬Ǻڲݣһɶ־һɲһ±
һвܰӿٶȣѾﵽ£βܼ٣
ļһСӰͣǶһҪõԪżغ
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ʱŻѾǿһıɵ޳ǰ޳ܹϸؿĶ˷ѾĻҪõı
׼ǰŶʱҲʵһƲסļǲŽץУҪм
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1479 
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ĸӲϣ֮ʱɷԣһԹ̲סҪŰһҪ浽һ޳ҪõžʱҲżʹʹСӣҲŮ˵Ȥѡ
ģʹϣȴЯȥ
һ޳δ̫ƣҪѣΪ˻ض뾡Ѽơ
׺Դӽ뵽˴֮󣬱ֱԹԵʧͶͻȻʧϰΪҲδȥѰ
ǰɽȻȵǵڶһѾӵ
ǰɽȥ֮ǰϤֵྣȥ޳Щӷ飬˵
ϴǲ֪һɽıԪ½ˣҾ֪ŪĶҲδǰֱڼӭǡ
˵лǷǳļ֪ɽµʱʵһǵǸмյʱ±ֹҪǰȥ˵ֵǣǸɲİ֪޳ʲô
޳ЦЦʵߵһҲԸǵûк·ߣֻӲͷƤȥ
ʵΣ
ɫһ࣬ôһ⣬һƬԪǱߣѾ˸ҷ
޳ͷǱԤҪһЩȻܹһƬշǰǿеļƻǰС
˶ٽսҲʱѪҺ׳ˣȥ׼ɡ
һ𣬼Ա±ĵ˵ͷһǵȵ̫ˣ
ʱϵвѾڣЩԵȴڴӿɽһս޳ӵĳ
ȷһУֻһͷؼң


1480 ½
޳Ѿ֪ԼжûлؼңӣҪȥˣȴͻȻĽšеˣЩһ߹Ļ飬Щ֧ˣԭЩΪԭǸǻþļ棬ӵĽţ»ȥһЩԼ޷ܵ顣
ʱþеһжʵĻѾܵ˾޴ֺȻһٵı֤ûд£ǰ޳ȻܹоеĶӵżˣ󼸺ͣĸ·ȥ
ϴҲˣҪ޼£Сӻ˵𣿡ǰɽο
޳εҡҡͷЦԼȷʵǹңŬȶһԼֵûôңﻹЩģǲ£үүĿ˴սż
Ƽ켸ҹķУڻص˶ֻǲ̤붫򣬾ھ˸ߺˣ
ЩСϢ湻ͨġЦЦǰȷʵнҪû뵽ŸһֻŻṳ̂أͱȺǷ֣ȴǸ˵ģЩɫҲǳ⣬жʱ£ԼûѼ˴ã޳
޳תͷĞļ˵ˡ
ʱӭӵ˿治ϺѹѹһƬȥ˵ҲнˣҸȣ״̬ǳãⲻ˵޳Ҳ֪๦
Щ˼ҡҡͷ˵࣬Ͼϴء
䣡
ԶȺ˸죬¡¡ͬһ㣬صô޳ͷʱкȻһޱȵУֵǣԺսӣҪǳȥӦõΣ
ȻԼҲͷεʲôô࣬ԼԼѾоҪԵǸѣض򵥣ʱҪһͬŬ
ͻȻԶһϵˣżȥЩʡ
޳͵һĿˢһ¾ѭȥȻһɫӰЩΡΡس
үүĶʱǰȴмԶʱͻȻͣסͲǰ
֮ǰɽеĻþĿʵĲпᣬһҲǱ˵׽Ūѡ
ֱХʵٴκһ޳Ŵӻѹ͵ǰһѱסΥүү
˫ЩҲǼԸӣȴһΣɣˣԴ뿪֮ûлҺںȻúõĻϡ
ͺûͺãХһ˵˺ü飬˫һ޳ỨڻˣĻˣռУоߣöҪˣκǹȴҪȥһѸ˦˻Ҫ׷ѾԭȳֵһռѾʧҲָƽ
Щ鶼޳˵һ飬֮üͷš
үү˵Ǳ˿ţ˵򶼱ǲ֪ûþš
Լе뷨һ˵ΪҪ̶ֳˣ
Ӧòǿ򡣡ԪͻȻӦʱչֵĻþѡ
޳һʵʱ
ûʱ֮ͨһ̵ĽݾѵˣʱǱʱ뵽޾ռ䣬ŵ䵽ġ
޳ͷȷʵô£ôһͣв΢΢˿ȻǿĴڣ˵һĴս
δķԪ˵Ҳ˵ǰҲûܹǿߵĴڣܿԪ½ڻ¡
ǡ޳͵һ£һԪ½⵽һڡ
ﾳһΣȴҪ򶼷ǳĳԪʱȴ˵Ԫ½
һܴӣԪЦǺǵ˵ˣҲôˣͻãٶȣǷǰҲżģԱԷƱֻҪȥ˵һ죬Ҳܴﵽĸ߶ȡ
λ徹Ȼᰲοˣ޳ȴ˲оŨŨΣУǱЩ˻֪ɽߵ֮ǰ˵âˣǺηʥʵ˭˵ãһǿĶ֡
޳һǿҵս⣬ΣҪŬҪػģԱκ˶
Х޳ؼңȻͻȻǿս⣬ʮΪһͻƣȴ޳ľţһëϣʱսһûˤ
үү޳һæս˻һѲסХ죬ЩգôˣɲЩط򵱳һǳ߶ѰοﾳΪս⣬ղҪʱϢĻɺڲ飡
Ҽҵ޳ڳˡХסӣԵظ̾ȫǽ
ү˵ûϴˣǰɽ̲סæܹȥХ
˵ϴλ˴Сģ֪үүܹ̳ӣ̬ȸӹһЩĵĻҲ˵һľƨХǺǴЦ
޳εҡҡͷתųǰȥ
ȵǻص޼ҵʱ޼ѾΧˮйͨ˶Σһ޳ҪУȴֲУǰ޳йڵЩ˸ŵҳ޳ǰ
޳ǣȴһֱŵЦݣ̬֮ܳȫԷعڵأ
޳ͽȣɢĵѹ¼벻ѣ޳ĿУһ
ХˬʵЦص޼ҴԺϿգþòȥô꣬ڿȥ˵޼Ҳûû䣬ӹҫ棬޼ʷá
Ѿ˾Ʋˣ͵ǻؿϯˣХЦ˵˵ʱѾ˳ޣ޳һ˫۷Ź⣬˵Ͷϲ£
үɻˣ
үˣڻˣ
үǵż񣡡
˶ǳˣһ޳Щ˼Щɶļˣģ
ХΧߣһøүүúõĺһ޳þûһʹĺȹˡ
޳ͷҲд⡣ҷһУֻúõүүһ֮֡
һƺȵó죬ǰɽ£ûжȣֻ򵥵ظ˼˳ȥռû
˶ߺХ޳ļ⣬ģģүүΪ㽾㲻ܽԺĵ˻ǣ죬ˣĸִûиͷš
޳֣صĵͷүү˵ҶףȻġ
ХĵͷԼһٸĵġ
ѽʱ̫أȻҲܳΪ㣬Ҫ֪һǿߣ޼᲻ݵġ
޳ͷŬĽүү˵ĻС
˵飬׺ǼһһصսˣͲ֪ȥչˣԭүү֪Ϊʲôܸо׺֮ĳַǳĸ飬Ǽһ򿴿
ֻ´ˡ޳Щź롣
˶ȵХıѾ߲Żȥ˯
޳صԼкȴŷ˴
γģǼһɰ㸡һ˫ʶسſץȥ


1481 
㸡Ŀ˿˿Ůеζ޳˫Ѿ̽ȥζķ͵һץ
дһ󲨶ڵĵϨһ뵽˺ڰУһƷ糯žһ˦˹޳˳Աһͬʱ˫Ƴһƣžһ´ˡ
飡˵˫ӭһ𣬷һС죬ԷȻǲע⣬صѹơ
Ǿ޳Ҫ׷ǰʱǰͻȻһ˱ǵζϢǰҪŨ࣬һıӾһͷĿѣĸоһ㣿
飡ֳĴƣһžһ½ѸٵذΧ޳ȥ̽ȴִʱȻסˡ
Ů˵Ϊ֮¡޳΢΢ЩȣⶫУԳԼûǸӸû˱ΪҪǿȻǶˡ
ʲôˣ˵ͻȻسžķڣԵ
ܾĵģֻԽԽŨζ˵ͷ̲ס裬޳ȴͻȻı⣬Ҫѹס󾲾վԭأͺıԻסһ㡣
ܹסˣСҪǺηʥ
ŮߵʱƺһϰߣÿһͺпĲһ㣬Ӿ̶ͬеˮŵһһĳչ
޳ɫվԭأǸŮ˳Լ
ֻŮ˿ҪӽʱȴһԶ֮ͣסܷǳûУǸŮڿԼϢټϴʱŨζ޳һʱ֮䲢ܿʵϢ
޳û뵽Ů˾ȻͻȻжǡ
оԼĴϴǹů⣬Щ㶣ŮʲôϷ
޳̲סƺһжûŮǾͬڰϴ˿ҪɺԵһ㣬һˮţ޲ܽ嶼뵽̶ˮУ泩ĺС
Ҳ֪ԼʲôӦʱѾſŮ˵̽ԼĿС
ǡŮƺû뵽ͻȻ죬͵һȻЩ֪롣
޳һ΢΢Ĺһ£ͻȻҧһڡ
šߵƺӣŮȻܵ˾ţȫֹͣˣŬŵϢҲ¶˳
޳ȴ͵һǱϢǱģ
žһ죬޳ֻоϻŮ˵Ƣô𱬣Ȼֱһƾ˹˵ܵѹʱȻ߳ŭǿѹơ
ʱδ뿪ڽǰĶ޳ͻȻЩ㲻ŮˣƢôϢҲϤģȴ־÷ǳİϵ׷ʲô飿
Сӣȱ嶯ҪʲôԪͻȻ
ס޳лصѹԼƣɱΪΪ
Ů˵˵ĲͬĴиļ֮ϣһ˿ۣ޳̲סĲѪҲʼķ
һŮˣڶŮˣʱôһò޳Լֿԣֲʥˣҡ
жһͻȻһüͷ˼һҪô΢΢ӳ룬üͷԽԽ뵽ʲôȻȥ
޳ЩڴҪŮ˴󵨵̶ֳȡ
Сɫı﷭˴ԪЦѵ˵仰֮ת뵽ԪУ㽫ռСӣȻ޳û˵˼֪һЩЩ޳߾Ů˲Ҳ׼һе׷˭˭һЩ
˻
޳Ȼ˿Ů˾Ȼ뵽·¡һ̣һк·˲˺˷飬ƮƮڷڣ
ĶԼӿΨһźǣԼδȥֱӽ޳ϰ˸⣬°һ˿档
ģȥҷǵñ岻ɡ޳Ƶ룬Ů˵֪֪Լ˵һ˭ܵ˰
±ֳһı飬ͶñΪѾȻסȻԵķһ£ĶøӵĿ
ѾŹ죬ֻֿʼ˺˫ִ΢΢޳ҪΪһ֣ƴѹԼһ棬ȴҪֳǳͶӣֱǱ죬ʹš
ģֻⷿʣԽԽصĺ˵忿ԽԽǺ޼϶Ľһ޳࣬ͬһֻϺһȻܹȥ̽飬Ǳȴԡ
۲쵽޳ԣȴ˿̽ٵĳʶȥ
޳һԤϹȻûŮĿģɫķǵԼʶȥͬʱжԪ˵СЩ
㻹ͦϧԪЦ˵ȴһ㶼ҷɣŮȻʲףҲȹСӣǺȻٴ֮Ѿȫĸıˣˣϻ͸һصϢҴʱһĵӣôǼ¡
ñ־裬ȻһС˵Ҫ޶ˡ
޳ʶԤϵĻҪɣ΢΢һ£ϲһͿԺ޹˼ɵĹ罫޳ס㿪ʼһ֣ĳȥ
أ޳һ˿ԾŮʧ嵱УѰʲôһʱڻľУٶȲ죬ȷʵϸ̽ʲô
ʲôأ޳ƣصţ뿴Ŀġ
ڣľѰһ񣬱㽫ػ۵޳ĵϷ
С˼ԪԪУЦе˵һ㶼ģϴѾͷҪţͿ϶Բ˶ߡ
޳δ˵ͼѾವһ³ĵ﹥˹
СȱżԪ鼱æֹĶ˵
һ̣Ѿȫ뵽ﵱУԪԪټŮ޳ĵﵱѰ
ͻȻͻȻһ˿𶯣ȻѾԪ˹
СԪֽһҲͷɱԪһԵس˽
ĿľȻ޳ͷһֱȫԪеĻ˳˹ȥѸײڶ֮ƣ˰סɿĳ濴ȥ
ĿŵԪЦһҪʩչٲŮ£ȴ޳ĵﵱкȻһɫĲơ
ǲƳֵķǳ죬ֻһ¾Ѿűת˹ȥ˳ǵವһ¾ͳȥ
޳͵һڤģ
ȵǣڤĴµȥʱ򣬾Ȼһ̣洫ƺ
ˣ޳ͷ͵һڤھôսѾȣȻʱΪҲѾߣҪ۵ȻǱȲ޳ڣڤӴһӱգܵס
Ȼһ汱ɫ԰ףѪ۴ͣѾҪȥļ
Ԫæ޳æһȻһѽڻС
˼֮ʣ޳Ȼ׾ٵֽ̧Լס˫ʱϴ󣬲ŵĿȫǷŭ˾ȻϷŪԼղѹûס
һ˲һ׵ʧȥʶ


1482 Ů

޳ͷ͵һ͵سڳȥͼסڤģŸһ룬ڤľͷǳĽ˻
㡭
ƺԼڤĵ͵͵İ
޳ͷױȣڤһֱǵñˣһò׼Ͳһеس˳֪һٶẦˣ
㲻Ҫ嶯ģҲֹѾܲס޳͵
һһɫĲһ´ӱڳȻڤ޳ĽһҪȴһεס
޳̽һĶʱ˹ȵףֱȻʶĻסڤģ
Ԫ飬ô죿޳ҲЩżڤԭűҲڤĶԭΪһģʱڱʶеõںϣǿз룬Ȼ˭޷ٷֿˡ
ԡԪҲ֪¹ؽ㲻ٿЦһʩչٲһವһ޳ڣ
ǾҪ뱱ʱһźڰΧȻһ¾ͽʴĸɸɾ
޳һڤ鲨ԭƳһ󷨣һģʱƲɵһա
ȥУ̼ˣҪȻѾͷҪŲסˣԪæֹ޳
޳ҧҧ˻ڤĹͨδ˵ͼڤˢһ½ȫİסңңȥһɫһ㣬һ̽ӡ
ô죿޳ЩżǷڤȥҪˡ
СӣҲദôЩˣѵ֪㣿Ԫüʵ
㡭޳̾ϢһҪ㣬¾ֻǿѹˣڤԭض̺ȻķĻֻϵǿþԵѹơ
˿޳ֻԼȥѹơ
жɣԪߴٵѾͷҪŲסˡ
޳ͷȫವһ³űȥ˫͵رһ⣬ռһԲɵֵ֮ƺȻ
һҽУ˻²ֹϰΧŵڤģǼҵķڹ󣬴ƬƬ鲨س
֮䣬ﶼڹţ¹⣬ͬԨһڰ
ڰ֮£ڱٵţ޳Լɢ鲨ٵա
Ԫң޳սپȻǶԼǶڤģ˺
Ԫ׼ã±㽫ȫƳͬһɫһ㣬žһ²ס޳ľ˳ľسüĳȥ
ֻһ̫ͬһ㴩͸ڰһ޿ɵֵ֮Ʒɢ޳͵һ𣬿бȵռһ
ꡭꡭϸģͬһ㳯ӡ
ٴ͵һһӴѸ͵ĳȥͬһŴһ㣬䶼ס
һ˲ԭȼҶԿڤĺȻȥһ˿΢İ󣺡벻Ҫ˺ҵˡ
޳Σ˵˾䣺İɡ㽫ȫ뵽ڣڤľǹңһģ˴¡
޳ס鿴ʱѾϢ٣갵ʱҪɢһ㡣
޳붼δ룬ͽԪУԪ˵㿴Ԫסꡣ
Сӵǻ飬ʲô˶Ԫһ䣬ǶȴûͣɿĽһסȻϸĲ鿴
ֻԽ鿴ıԽ࣬޳һҲǽŲѣʵô
ԪҡҡͷصؽأãڻܹһѾǲеҡ
޳ͷһüʵôôأΪҲ£ڤĵ޷ܣҲӦܵ˴شŶѽ
ûԪͬ˵ȴ˵һ޳ԽܵϢѾʶǸˣȻ˶ֽţԱʵҪ࣬ǰڤһͳܲסˡ
ֽţ޳ʵ
ѹԼ᲻ʶѹϢϤİΪԭ޳ʵͬʱѣӦôһߵģЩ׳ʲô飿
ˣҲˣΣֻʱסȵʱپȰɡԪЩź˵õһˣȴӲĻˣʵǿϧ
Ȼô޳ߣȻԺвСİ
޳ĹעȻʱǳıİΣʵбķ𣿡
Ȳȥ׷˭˭þֻţͬʱҲѣʱûнڤĸԼ׵ľͱ˿ƣǷģ
Ԫȴεҡҡͷ˵ΪҪǳѣŬɣȵͻƵ쾳磬һϣ
졭޳һͬʱһӣҪѿҪ׳ҪͻƣþĳɳֻоԵܹԼҪˣ
Ԫͷ˵ѾӡʱȴԪаɡ
ȥ档޳Ȼ˵϶Ҳ棬뽫Ҳȥ
Ԫȴ붼δܾУ
Ԫ飡޳Щżû뵽ԪȻᷴԣǶģʺ˵ĵط϶Ҳ棬롭
ûʲôģûѾ˵ѾʶǸˣ浽мִмˣȷԪУѾò
⡭޳γֲ֪Ԫ˼ʵ޷βܣȻпԶõİ취ôҲҪһԡ
Ԫȴ˵Сӣ֪壬أĵ壬㲻ǲ֪һ֮˵õᣬʱ򽫻ѣĶѾڿٵľдô˵ΨһϣҲɴ⡣
Ԫ˵Щʱ̬ȷǳ࣬ȫûյ͡
޳ҲʶؽԪİѣȴȻ𾴣޷Ԫ˵öԡ
ǲ֪ᷢʲô޳ͻȻʵԪղⷬȻǻл
ԪɫЩã૵˵Ҳֻ֪ΪҪԲʧһһҪסүүһвģҲ
Ԫ˵ʱ򣬻һǿҵƣϣ޳鲻Խվֱӡ
ˡ޳˵ȻԪû˵ȴоһĪΣܾûʲôҪ
ˣҲˣֲǲþȣֻʱӡһõͻƣͿ취Ԫ˵
޳ͷҲֻôˣ˵ģЩ϶æҳ̽ȥ鿴һ¡
һҪǽһ
Ԫ޳Ȼһ˿ԪҲΪȡ
̽ȥѽһȻһԵײ˽ȥ
洫Ԫ˷ܵľֱң
ѽǺóһֱҪҵ֣ҲҪ˯
ã˯šԪһƢܺãû˵ת˳̽ķסתͷ޳˵һˣӱԤϵĻҪã
οǼ񵽱ˣԪʱ壬ЦÿˮҪˡ
˼ղŵһĻʵ˷ܡ


1483 Ԫͻ
͵֮һɲɣۻ룬ǿСʵȥ޾ĿռǸղ޳ԪڶĵпһĻ
ԭʱĶĿռ䲢ܴ󣬵ȴһַǳãĸоʵں档
о֡ԪԵظ̾Ҳ÷ǳ棬ʾ֭Ժеļȫѹһ飬ûܽΪζĻͻȻ
õģǺ£ҿԺʲôɡ޳Ц˵ĿǰϲּԭȵĴҪܹΪķĿռ䣬Ŀǰĳֵ״˵ֵø˵ġ
˵Ķ԰ЩƸˡԪЦǺǵ˵֪ΪΣڶķǳ⣬ǱʶⶫҪرĽţʧԭĵ
޳ЦЦһ˿Ԫõϣ̤뵽ĵУ鿴һ϶ǰ淢ı仯һδü鿴
عס϶ϸĲ鿴һ£ϢǰѾƽ࣬ѾڲȻûѵļ󣬵ţٹһʱӦûнչ
ˣҲ̫ˣѾͷ󣬲µġԪ鰲ο
޳ͷ˳ϸطסԪУŷĵسԪ˵鷳չˣһʲôһҪ֪ͨҡ
СӣҰ˲ɣԪε˵
޳ЩεӲû˵ողԪ鼤ҵķԱ֡
ôһ֣ʱѾ޳ڵľƳϣ뵽״̬˵Ѿ̫Ҫ˯ߣһõϢ
һϵ޳ڶ쾫ˬһ㶼յƣȣХЩԵƣյһƣδȫĻָ˼Ҿͷ㣬ЦǺǵģõĲˡ
үү½㻹أ޳һܣ޼ҵˣүүڣϴࡣ
ХЦǺǵ˵ѽڱչأȻ֮ǰ飬Ҳûȥǡ
޳Ȼ˵õģڽҪͷŲá
ǰҲô룬ѾͷòܹͻƣҪһӣǰһּҴҵ뿪£ĲȥˡХ˵¡
޳ȥеżеĽ˲ģּ尾񣬾Ҫȥ޼˵ʱǞס
үӣҪϴܵģһ׻ƽƽĹ㿴ŰɣСӵʱҲ˵ġ
뵽Х޳ļЦ˵мλֵܣүүҲΪеˡ
޳ЦЦ̾ȷʵûǣһ·ߵøࡣ
ϴɱô˵߽Ğ޳ĻЩ˼ͷֵϣ͸һ˿Цȥ˵鲻Ծľͺ
޳ѯһ£ΪȶĽŷһλ˵Ϊ߲ҪġȻȱ˲ţҪĸ֣ʵǷǳϡ٣ټ󻷾ѣҪȶĽȥ򵥣ȴڵ졣
⻹ÞǴЩƷҩԴҵİȷʵСХЦǺǵ˵˲٣ҲޱԺɶΪġ
Ӧõġ޳ǫ˵߳һ̣оһͷ޳ҪԼãļ˺ЩҲҪá
޳ڶ򲢲ܶڵȥ򵥵Ϣһ磬뿪
ɾǴ뿪ʱͻȻһ
޳üͷһ壬ˢһչһ˲ǧ֮ںԶ֮鿴
ô£һ˿죬ֺö˶˳ÿ˵ɫЩżǷʲôһ
ˣԶȻһ˵ǧڳ߳һضΪ֮
ɽȥ޳Եǰɽ˵
ǡǰɽͷʩչһӾʧԭء
ŸճȥûãǳԽԽ죬Ѿ˵ľţ˵ǸûǲҪˣ
ǱΣЩԶﴫôܻᷢ
ض𶯣Ǻƽ٣ҿһǸϿ취ɣһĩպƽĵʱ·µŰҶˣ
ĩպƽ٣޳һתͷȞôһ£
һ˿ԥֳҲȥˣ޳˵һԣ˵ʮ֮ǰǳƽҪٴ٣Ԫ½뵽ٲС
ʮǰĺƽ٣޳ɫһôңаɽҲǵģȻһҡ
ôҪ飬СӾȻڲ˵ҪĶҪȥɣ
⼱æ͵ϴ⻹ڼ㶮жûϢ𣿡
޳ε˵ػˣȲ˵Щˣȳȥ
ҸһȥȥХ˵ű㲻ɷ˵س˳ȥ
޳εҡҡͷҲֹ֪ҲĲ¡
ʩչñ׷ǰɽʱڳͷ棬İǣԶǺƺƵ¡¡׼ȷ˵һȺˣǳ
ϴе㲻Ծǰɽ˵ôôһӼе򣿿ӣƺƵʮ˰ɣ
ʮԶЩİ仰ŵˣҪǺ˵С򣬼ûʮļ֮һǵѻ֪˶ʱ
޳ô԰꣬ХվڳͷصȺ˿ʮ𣿶˵ֻҪĸ֣һ㶼£Ҫ˵ʮˣǼʹʮˣܹӦ
¡¡ծȯԽԽѾ¡¡ɢƣžǳƵĶһ㡣
Щ˵ٶȷǳĿ죬ڸʱһת˲ƺƵѹѹһƬһͷǾǵ¥ʱͻȻȫͣס
ȻˢˢһޱȵվûָӣҲûκ˵ֻǲڵϵ졣
ˢˢˢ뻮һģɴ˲㾪ӶҪ
μĺֱһĶһ£˵۾ɴţŵĿǰһĻ
ʮ˰ڳǽ£кŲμ
𺳣˵ĶһͨͨĿĿˢˢĿվڳͷǸվϡ
ԣǰǸѾȻվǰһλˣƱˣʱ޳Ŀеʱߴޱȣͬһһ㡣
֪˭ͷϵ¹ǰʮһߺμμμ
һһһһ𺳣˵һ̳׵ĳû˻ȥ޳Ҳû˻ȥԣû˸Ҽʣһ˿ⶼұ¶
óϷ˶ѡ
Сӣǰɽҽֵˣһӱ
СӲڼﱧźӣʲôǰɽǰ˾һӵ
ôԸ⿴ҰЦ˵漴ߵ޳ǰǳ˵ϴˡ


1484 ش˵
ͻȻս˵ǰΪǸԣԪ½ӭʮǰĺƽٵĴԡ
ϴһط˱䶯¹ŵأǰʮɽ˲СͶ⣬ǻȥɣҵͽܵҲһЩֵķӦмλ˵ºƽҪӦˡ
ϸ˵һ˵޳
ģ϶һĴԣ˵ʮ֮ǰƽٻٴγ֣һֵֻ߱ĳǲ֪һŲ⴫ҪһĳǴԵеľҲ˵
Ҳ˵ˣⲻһԶѣҲһǽɽˣֳĶĺ֢أǰɽ˵
һյ֮ɽֹ𶯣Ҫ˵Ǹܡ
Ǿȴᶨҡҡͷ˵ǸԵУɽֻһʼֻ˵ⲢǿʼǷ¹ŵһоѾʼˡ
޳͵һ𣬴¹ŵؿʼ뷢¹ŵ֮һжٵػһ飬ȷʵʱеһжڳһ֪ķٵĽС
¹ŵأʮ磬Ļɽһжǰźһ¹ŵأطյһŻˣǲĳϵ
޳ԽԽ࣬һԽԽӣͻȻʵ׺أ
ŶˣҪ㱨أλţѾӱչǰתһȥˡ
޳˼ɿתţȻ֮ǰǵ⣬Ǵķ򴫹ģʵ𣿡
ͷеģһ֮ԻŴңΪִǱߴϢ˵ܹƽٵӢǰȥ̸
ģ޳δ˵ǰɽ͞ѾغôָϹϵˣûǴĻǸԪ½ˮˮ
ˮˮ˵ĺɱˣǰĽǿҲˡһᵽǽҵͽһ죬Ҫȫ׽Уǹڡ
ôһ˵Щֵ˼ˣ˵᲻ʲôĿģǰɽʵ
϶ʲôĿģǺƽٺпܾͻᷢҲûбѡϴô˵ţת޳Ļش
ڼʱԶյͻȻһ⣬ͬһһ㣬ع᳹񷡣
޳˵񾭱ñǵǲİǰ˵ʱҲͬ㡣
޳Ŀһһ˲˲ضǵ⣬ɾʱԶˢˢˢش⣬ͬķԶнÿⶼֱƬضһ
¹ŵط򣿡ǰɽָǵ˵
ԱԻָһ˵ڻУĥԲӦ
Աߵɽ޳ǳأ⼸֮ǰĵطǰ˵ģ¹ŵغǵط˻ˣôǷʾطУҲ̺Żأ
޳ѾţǻģǡҲ֪ⱳ󵽵ζʲôֻ̺ǿʶľͲŹ
ûЩڱصãһҪõԪȻ˵Ĺûû´ĻǶӦԽأˣ׼һ£˷ãɡ
ţ޳صӦһ±ž˵ȴһ˻صݣҽһ񡣡
˵Űд齻һ£ͷûκ塣޳Ş˵ͽˣպ޼һһľ
صص˵ͷ޳ܽôش񽻸ԼҲֵĸмޱȵԺ±ظ֤ϴģֻҪҞһ죬Բ᳤£
ֵܣ޳صضһȭȻתͷХ˵үү㱣أ
ХѾǰļͻָ򶨣ʱ޳ɫǳࣺȥɣж־ķҪһصˣҪͷΣ
أأ޳޳޳ĺӶİտԷشһ
֪⺰أԭͿסֻͻȻһ³мȥ
¡¡һ״ӴͬһһڿУͻȻƱãеһгֵôͻȻһ𣬾ǱҪһ㡣
¡¡žһºһγһƬõĽ⣬ͬһߴޱȵɽһ᳹񷡣
ǿǽ⵱кˣָǲõ۵Ľ⺰
¡¡ԽԽ죬ƬضҪЩУмĴǽֳһĻ޳ͻȻʶеţǵޱȵĽ磬Ҳ˵ǰһĻһ
ǿ֣˲ľ̽Ҫȥ鿴ȴڽӴǰͻȻֵĸʱŵһڵϣѡ

ĸ־Ȼֻý۳ɵĶѣȴ͸һӴޱȵѹһħͷ¿Ĳһ㡣
޳Ҳ͵ѵǺƽ٣δüȥϸĲ鿴ĸ־ͿʼһѾʧǵĽ⣬Ҳ֮ʧ
һжһþһ㣬µ𺳣ȴþõ˵ͷ֮ȥжޱȵľ֣ͺļĩһ
޳һеѹȥԪЩ֮һֱ˳ĬɻȻǰһҲǴ󲻽⣬޳δǰɽ˵߰ɡ
ǣصصͷȻһС˺ƺƵȥͬʱҲ˻ص˳С
޳ͷХһۣ˵һأתͷҲصسǰȥ
˶ߣǰɽµսֵǺ
ǣĺʿʮ㡣Щ׷޳ˣǲûбǰֵԤԵĶŵһǿֻҪ޳ڣ·һжѣ
ХһֱվڳͷԼȥнͬʱҲǵǣѾܰ޳ΨһģǲΪ׸
һҪءХĬĬ˵
޳ʩչѾȥ֮⡣
ǲûϵ򣬶Ȼصݣ˷ֳ˼֣ǰ޳ǰɽݣռһЩϢ
Դ޳ɽ֮󣬱㳹ʧˣ˶֪ںηսҲʧȺףƾٳһ죬ڲ
Ůΰ޳ϵܣǴɽһսѣ˱ûŮǻŮ붼δܾˣƼΰ
ΰԭҪ׷޳ǰ볹״飬ֻܽΣ޳ʱһݣһҪ޳ӡ
޳εļ˵㲻ҲȥãҲһЩ뾰һӦһЩ
ǣϴһȥһΰź˵
лġ޳ֻ˵ôһ䣬뿪ˡ
鶼ʱˣ޳ʰһ£أصѾ㷢ӢºǰǵҪ«ʲôҩ


1485 
ݸŷǳңԶľ룬ʹ޳ʩչǧ٣ִഫ󷨣Ҳ˰²ŵ
󲿶ӷֿǰ޳ֻˣиǡǱһҪĿĵأҲǽ֮ء
طɲ˰˲Ÿһ̤ǵľأ̲סһ̾
ֻչǰһ̻Ի͵ĳǳأÿһݵ϶һֻն߷ɵĽɫķˡ
˸æһ̽Ƿ˾Ȼýɵģ
ЩӲҲǽɵİɣ޳죬ǰһƬķݳ׾޵ˣ֮̽󣬸Ǿ°Ͷ
ǽӣﵽһĴڣػƽ𰡣Ǯ޳Ǽڶģ̲ס̾
ȷʵǶûƽɣÿݵݶ϶һֻչɵĽɫˣǽɫ˵۾ȻǶǼƷħ޵ʯ
ǴǱﰡܲ̾
һп޳Ѫڣͻ̲סҪȥһķݣıȴһ΢Ŀһλɫؿ
޳һ£æ˻ʼǰȥ
˲δע⵽ǵСʱǰЩڽֵϷ˵Ůס
ɲǣ޳ǰֻŷݵ棬Ǻڽֵߵˣ׼ȷ˵Ůˡ
ϸǰÿһħһģټһͬһľӣÿһﰡֲס˴ҵȫߡ
ֻһ۾˻Ѫڣ֮ЩݣЩŮˡ
ŮӹȻͬѰԵظ̾ݲһǵԵ࣬һ϶Ũüۣİ͹£ÿͬˮһŵŮ˵ǣʱ治ѡ
мλԳ̲סҪǰȥϷ˻ȥӣΡ
λǴ˷޳ѡľʦϹī˷ǳЦÿζǰȴǳͻ
Ϊʵϲߵģȴǳã֪֪󷨣սһ
һ仰˵˾һֻϺꡣ˵ļıǳĶ࣬ǵԼôĶ֪
ȻλһıŵЩˮ˲ò࣬˾һݽɫ
޳ȻҲע⵽Ϲīľٶ΢΢ҡҡͷЩε̾˿ЩŮϵĿջأĿбӵǰȥ
Щǰǵ߲Դӽ˹㷢Ӣ֮󣬱㲻ϵǰˣ·ϵıؾǼǰҲδֳرľȣֻǴִֵɨǼۣ˲ûرͻģȤתͷǵ顣
޳òȻӢҲδһͳ׷ĳ̶ȣԲ㹻ˡĬĬ룬׺;СӵǹɫϧǲȻЩȥŵŮ˻Ĳ
ǰýãȻĶλ˿ֲǽȴʧΪһ˼
˼ţתѾһ̻Ի͵ľ¥档
޳̧ͷȥֻǾ¥ϣҲһֻɫķˣֻˣҪϵĸӵӴ󣬸ӵ۾ǶʯƴҲӵĸ߼
ǻδ÷ǳѾܹоżƷʯɢǿ
Ѿ鲻Խ̿ˮҪŶеĳ嶯ǧѵõħ޾ʯһţֱǽһС磡
޳ʶԪĿֲ񲻹μƷʯǰѾȤĿͣ¥ϵңдš¥ĸ֣ýɣֻ˲󷨣ɢɫ߲ʹâȥѤöĿƲۡ
ҲһңдʱͻȻһЦ
¥¥˻ǿΪǽľǻ¥ˣ²д֣ǻưɣ
һʱЦиϰߣֻһ֮ľ¥֮ܵԹһ֣ﲻһССĳǳأȻнһȻĴڣ֪ﲢǻʳڵأûл۾һ֣Щм
ߣûӡһεͻأǶԣһλʮ߰ĹǵĶԻõĿһۣ¶ııǸ
һΣǰ˵˵ѣû뵽ȥʱէҲ˺ֻεЦЦ̧ž¥ȥ
ŸһһϮ¥ýɣǷ紵ǴŽɫ
޳ȻǰͷʱЩܲ˵ı۾ʵ̫ˣ治֪ôģ
¥ѾкЩˣַǷһѾֲ֣ССܳӭ˽ȥ
λ͹٣Ҫ⻹סꣿۼҾ¥õģǴ⻹ס꣬⣡СЦǺǵ˵жԺ
У¥ȷʵǼƷģⲢ˵Ĺģ¥ɽǳӴ󣬴û˸ǣ˷ǳİȫ
ǳ˴ҽҵĴˣʷƾãΪ߳ǵż񡣡С˵˵űǳ
ȻһλҵԲзֻۣϧλ΢ҵüһ֮ҪȻȻ˷ϼ켸ҹ
޳ǽ֣ͻȻתͷӶһɫ˶ӶԷпһ˿ονԩ·խû뵽һˣǵҪû뵽Լǳˡ
Ȼδҵˣ¥ȻǿģȻһ죬޳΢΢ļһӸ첲һָ˵ߣԷ
ϣλ룡С˵ؽһĵطӣùǼ˳Է
С˵ݸ޳һվǰ棬֪һȺ˵еͷˣ׼û
޳ֽӹͷһۣ˫΢΢һ£ֻ˵ÿһ˵жһɫ
ǧٹ֣̲ס̾Сı飬еԺǿɫվһԣȷʵЩģûӶѣһųӣǴþӶˣ
˵ģÿһд˲²ʲô޳Щͷۣǽ˵ݸϹīȥԽ
Ϲīӹ˵ǰ˿򶨶ˣַһ±㿪ʼƽ解ƽ䣬ƽǣɫ԰̻Իʣգ𡭡
һģЩ˼ǽйصĶˣϹīҲЩͷֱӴһӣ˵ÿһ
ÿһ޳ǵûСӲƵˣȷʵ͹٣ǵ棿
ϹīɫһԲؿСʱŵһ飬һ£ȴͻȻԱߴһЦ
ȻҪÿʽһ飬㻹Ÿʲôϲˡ
Сѭȥһλʮ߰Ĺ÷ǳһǴ˼ҳģǹģʱʱŵĲڵأæͷӦǣȻŲ˵ҲƵľȥ


1486 
޳ȥ˵֮ǰſλСʱλСƵؿǣеĲмΡ
޳ӣƽϣתͷ㲻ٿ
λ޳Ȼ±üͷǿŲûԱ߻һλģһЩŮӣľٶЩεضҡҡͷʾ¡
㣬ɲ¡СԵŮӽ
ǳʱ˵ĻˣŮЩε˵ʲôãϲϹ֡
İɣûµġСŮͷһɵģ㿪ʼĲɵص޳ǵĲ˶
ûã޳Ǿ֪ΪθղǵСֹǰһһӽ̻Ի͵ĲʱͻȻЩš
ԭΪɽ亣ζûУǰľȻһ̵ġʯ
ɲǣЩֻǱ⿹ʯкãĿǲɸı䲻ֻʯıʣ
޳̲ס˳飬ǲǱ¿ˣʯ⿣еķţôŪģֲһ£ҪȽЩŪɾ
ǸˣķţϹīЩҲɫһڣ֪¿ڡ
ʵЩͷˣǵĹУʯֱͳɣαػһ١
ÿʽһĽǣƷӶŲ£ҺԴԴϵس
ǼѼ⻹˵ǳ˶ӳԣⶼʯʹͷдСƷиߵͣɸı䲻ʵ
޳ֱ̬ʣһյôࣿµã϶ѲµĲˣǵķˡ
޳¶飬Աλʮ߰Сʱ˾һ´λվ޳߹
֪ЩʳҪ֧ٽ𣿡
Ů⻰ĿȴǶ޳֪Щ˵У˲ͷˡ
Ļʱ޳Щˬ̧ͷһۣ˵ҵˣ
㡭СѾͷʱɫףҪ˵ȴ޳ס˻ͷ
ȻαҪٽӣʲôϵ
ĻŸ˵꣬ΧһƬЦ
ֻ˵¥ҿģ˵ûйϵ
ǽҵˣ޳һղŻһϣû뵽ô졣
ɫתһ±飬¶һµӣǹ˵Ǹøٽӣ
ͻȻתɫͻȻ
޳ϸĴһ£ӱһĵ˵ǽȫǮ
޳ļλ¶ʱˣһӴλվԲѷĽҴС˵ļһ֪ϴ˭Ҫ˵Щˣǽ¥´࣡
˵󻰵ıСöˣ㵹˵˵ϴ˭˵ʱĿתص޳ϡ
һۿͨͨȻ㣬Ҳ˵ʣˣǰ۶Ʋϵģô˶Ǹ
ĵһЩеıĸ
λվ߸Ҫ˵ȴȻյϹīɭɭĿ⣬ʱͣص˽һۣƵ˻ȥ
쵽֮СĿתϹīϣҪ˵λ˵ǱԱλСѹȸУʹˣǰɲֵһᡣ
ǰһƵʵôͲǮ𣿸԰ͣҪ۵ģ
ϹīͻȻ̧ͷĿɨ˽һۣȻӣͷϵһöʯ붼δӵ˿УʼѸٵ
ĶҲǽһ쵽ʵΪͻȻЦ
벽ﾳһﾳһζûܴﵽߣȻҲҵǺôĵӣ
˵ͬʱϵ˲䱬һӴѹ˲佫һռ䶼ס޳ӵסʱá
ﾳΣû뵽СѾͷȻѾﾳεˮƽȷʵ㹻ʱҵʵȷʵСѹָղλС˵ңһģ
ҪǷݣߵﶼĤݵĽɫ޳ȴδֳ𾪣ֻ㿴һۣ㲻ٴ
ΪϾԵѹƣԭΪЩ˻ŵùģǽᲢδȵκжһȺλϣδֳ𾪡
뷢ŭͻȻ뵽ԼѹסЩҪжŹء
±㽫ѹһЩʩƵ˵ðɣһŪ˾ͲˣС󷢴ȱȷһĻ͹İɣҵǽ¥԰͵ģǻͷһ
ѹĳȥ޳ǼȷʵܹжˣɵԭأŮ˵ĻǶԷ硣
һʵڵˣеŭһ±ĳƳ޳˹ȥ
һɫĹâˢһ£һӾͽ޳ס
޳ŸҪ̧֣ͻȻԼܶŮ˵ΪҪǿ࣬ѹûлֵء
ϴ󣿡Ա߼λ߼޳Ȼһ˿ûУ¾ȵվ
Ǹղ֮ԲΪΪ֪޳ǿǵĿУﾳεĽɫǵϴܹԽɱУҪǲġ
ǰô£Ǽ޳Ȼѹš
ɶŮҪǣһؽ޳λ𣬶ѹȥ
ǳĻ˵һǻѪҺһ붼δ룬Ҫǰ塣
ϹīͻȻһȣֹǵж
˵͵һЩĿһϹīȻɰһһ㶼ûżӣ˶ʱһŶһ±㰲ĬĬصλϣһ˲˲ض޳
޳һͷк˳ȵģԼǶˣ뵽ʱԼⷬģаգǱ˿ȥһӢҪˣ
ǰŮħͷʵ̫ǿˣȫ޷ֿ
ڴʱ˵ﾳһ֮Ĳ֮һ޷Խĺ蹵ƴе϶޷⡣
أ
޳ڱص棬һҵ᲻мĿͬʱֽ̧͵һ𣬶ص¡
飡
ײϵĴ޳ǱһεǣŵĴһ㣬ص棬һһ£˵Ķᵽɤӿڡ
ϴ󣡡
ҲסȫżվҪȥæǻδͱ˻ȥ
Щ˵УߵʵĪﾳһΣѹǽĶ֡
ҶѹƣϹī¶һ֪ı飬ΪҪǾûпܵģʱֻ޳Լ취ˡ
һϹīı飬ɫ͵һ䡣ԭΪλϴг񣬵ǰģȴô£
ô죿ż޳ڱһ㣬ϵرš
һΪкͣû뵽ôûãЦţУʱ޳һֻһ㣬ȴ
ûһӽ޳ɱˣֻǶѡ
ˤʱԶһվһλòͨӡ
Ǳˤˣ˫΢΢һ£ȻͻȻ̧֣Ĵһһ̹˲ײڶ֮ವһ³Ǳˤ˳ȥ
һ̣ԭˤͷת޳ͻȻһŭ𣺡Ҳүүģ


1487 ѹ
ᡪһӴӿԭˤ߻ص޳ͻȻǻһһϱһ̹ţʵģһѹ
ᱻͻȻԾһЩһһ˲˲ضͬʱѾֻҪһжɱ֡
̵ģˤˬ𣿡޳ĨһѣѪĨһ壬Ƕž졣
ĿĿͬһ㣬ޱȣһ˲˲ĶŽᡣ
ͻȻתýоһǿΣУֻΪǿˣžһ¾޳˹ȥ
ֻһɫĹâͬһѤõĴһ㣬ڿ͵һΧĿٵĲںһವһ£ͬһ㣬ˢľͳ޳ȥ
أ޳ϵǲ̹һγһͬһϣײ棬һӾͷ˳ȥ

飡
ṥĺһӾͽܴݻٵһͿЩɵΰһЩܲĿˣûֱӺĭ
˼һĻʱŵôԭأҪȴֲңһģǽ޳׼ȷ˵ǶŰΧϵǲɫϡ
ɢľﾳΣû뵽ǰƻȽһصˣȻͻȻ֮ͱˣʱ֮Ѿ£
ʵã˼˵õȼѹ㣡𾪹Ѿָ򶨣Цеؿ޳˵Ļȴ
ѾղһȻδȫײȷʵľѣҪֳɱȥǿ࣬ҲʼضԴˡ
СҪˣҿܣͻȻӽͻȻĺ⣬ŵõͷܣԱ߾˵Ļ顣
ҵС㲢٣ǵϵȴֻһλԶλŮȻҲս𣬵ȴǽҵŮΪȻȲԶѪеĽᡣ
λҵϵС㣬СǸţСС;ѾﾳΣ˵ֱһһ㡣Ƣȴǳı꣬µˣ±Ѱһͷ϶ĥҲУ
Щ±ˣȫܵȥһԭַǷľ¥ͻȻ
ˣĽȴûиı䣬ѾⱩǣҲһ޵ĺɫͬ԰ҹеһһ͸һ˵Ķ⡣
ұʵΪеͣˣҾȫʬʹһЩĻ͸һʢˣʱĽͬһһ㣬ڸǰСˡ
ߣﾳζѣȴڳһ޵еӳСŮСŮǲ졣޳м˵
ܱЩһѣȴûжʵĺáһ仰޳˽ȥǽԱߵϹīҲ˽ȥ
ϹīϲŭɫɰŸվһԣǰһж޹һ
޳νʼ磬ʱȥͻȻ̧ǰһͻȻǿƣǽƵһ
޳Ц˵޵ʵﲻ֪£СѾͷǻؼȥɣ̫ӣʺ㡣
쵰뱻׼ŭ̧ƣһ⣬һ¾ͱ
ͬʱ޳ϵĹâҲűವһ£εķһ㣬һ³Žȥ
ȥ͵һȣѾΧ޳ҪѹǾҪǰӶһ̣ͻȻǱ˵Ѩһ͵һ١
ͣٵһ̣޳ͻȻͬһֻһ㳯ǰһˣȭͷͬͷһһ¾ĸ

һεӰƮȥ˵һײһԽ̻Ի͵ǽϡ
۵
ײޱ˵͵ضһ£ǽϰݽȥһģӣ˵ҲųʹһײýʵʵλҴС㣬Ҫıŭˡ
޳¶ٵظȥһڵϵĽᣬ͵һ˦ˤǰǵԱߡ
ԭһԹսĽŮһĻŵɫһף˹ǽٶȱҪ죬ѾбţĻ쵰ɱ㣡
ᣡ
ܵĿᣬͬһһ㣬ˢһ¾ͳ޳˹ȥ
ৣ
һ̣޳ͻȻһͬҶһˢˢһ̹سƮɢ
Ҳܶˣ
Ҳܶˣ
ԱʹҪѳȥȴһεסǣѡ
ԭڵĹͻȻ䱻ڿУȻ͵һ˦ҵ˵ϣһƺһ͵һܣȻԸѸ͵ٶһҡ
ղϷŪ޳һʱˮתҲһͷһ㣬һǿµ˦һģǰ޳ܵĻҪ
ˣԭֻһԷĽ٣ôҲ뵽Ȼᷢ飬ҪǴУҪ𷣣Ҳᱻһ
ҪȥֹǲŸճȥͱǵ̹סѾ̹ΧˣǾ˵һ㣬ʱʧȥ˼
쵰㲻úŭʱҪȴ޿κΣҪѪǣǳϵģǶ϶ǾҪָʱͻȻֱס
ͺñÿθϣصػҪץ
㵽˭ŭغֻҪţȻŹһԲ߳ǣ
ߣСүвգƫƫͲ㣬СѾͷסˣԺ죬õ͵ŵ㡣޳Цһ㣬ڸܵǿָо治
ԭڵſ޳ЦˣһĻȫȵŴ죬˶ţǰͷˣǰƵˣȻ˵Ŀ£
Ǹ޳ЩˣһĻȫһȻӣԭղϴǹװģǾ˵ϴôܻᱻ׵ؿס
ӲŶֻϴˣܱ˴򣿲ϸĿţ־ﲻԾƺǰϴôое㲻һˣ
˵УֻϹīһֱĬԭλϣһһžʯͬһһΪܵķš
ڴҶԱ߹սʱ򣬽λòͨ˿һͻȻǣת뿪
ĶϢټòͨȺбҲҲˣȥδ˵ע⡣
ɾȥûãԭһֱʯϹīͻȻתͷԭվŵķ˹
տҲ˳ȴû׷ȥǶ޳˵ˣΪֹ߰ɡ
޳ʱҲЩ÷ζŮԭȻΪжͣû뵽ֻǱСǵŭһסϺһ㶼ˬ
±㽫˻˵ˣɢ˰ɡѰطúõĳһ٣طһóԵĶûУЩʯӻۡ
˵ľĻǰɽôڴѾˣﻹҪģ˿̸˰µ·ֻúõĳһ٣
ϧĽˤϣͷҲصĴȥϧĿһ۵ϱˤѪŮˣҡҡͷҲ뿪
ⳡ˶Ծ˼㣬ǣ˶׷ȥ޳鷳
СһŹ㣡ῴ޳ȥıӰҧгݵغ


1488 
һ۵ӰϢĻȺУ˻ڽֵϸͻᷢĽŲ죬ڵϣһ㶼ᷢ졣
Ϣأɢòȫʡ
ǲ֪Ᵽֵ͵Աߵ̫⣬ȫûע⵽ֻȺУ޵ıһķͦ
ѡķ򲢲ƫƧһͬǰšУ첻ǰߡ
أ·ÿܵȴͣһߴԺ֮ǰ
ԺռһĶ⻹ֻۿõĵطЩ֪Ĳ֪ж٣濴ȥǳӴķһۡҲ̻ͬԻֻͣݶķ˸ӵۻӴĿԷУͬһչڱΰա
˸˺棬˳ۡǰΧǽȥҲһͬߡ
˷˸ںϸع۲һ£Ǵͬ·Ȼһƽ·ûԼϳ
ϵ·ӿһɫĻ£ǽҵı־Ƕǽҵļ͡
ģΪһ˽´һ£üʵ
ǵģǰŸǺϤػش˵ʱսսģóܽš
Ÿܣıܼ֪ȣΪ˽һ˵
ǣ´Ҳˡǰȥ㶫Ȼ·ŸںѰ˻
´עһ㡣һŵ֣ʱ̬ȱúڽҺԺһū͵УȻȲϹܼѹЩѰͣǴ´ġ
ǡͷһͬӺ˽ȥ
Ǵ󻧣ض࣬ЩûʸŽģֻɺߡ
˽ȥ֮ɢȥԼ顣
ҵҲզ׾ͻˡͻȻһƵ˵ԺС
΢΢˹ǣȴδ˵˵Ȼҵŵи涨ȻǿĽơǰҲˣ˲űȻǲơ
ǺǣҪԺŻˣֻ˵ȻͻȻʲô˵Сӿǵı⣬˵ʵͣû׼ڵһõĶ
Ԫ飬Ԫôյˣ
ƣղ˾ʹţõĵġԪЦֻϺһ㡣
ûλ޳Ȼǰھ¥˲ǰɽ硣˴ӳʱѾݣһ·ǰ޳һֱǰɽ
֪ܵģϹīֻ޳ǰɽˡ
޳еĿıǽңӦҪΪշһ֧ͽҪ⴦ԵĽ˹ڽҵǰڣ
㣬˼ƷζڶϷ򡣡ԪͻȻ޳˵
޳ЩΣǶȴδͣ£ʩչǧವһ¾ʧԭأֵʱǱǰ
ǶЩϡѾûжȤҲЩ̺žľʯѣ޳˵ΨһҪģӦûʲôܱȵܹ츲صԪ
ܹѰһЩĵҩǲòţҲԷָǰɽǡ
ʱǰģʵһɫǽڣէһû֮ҲûκڣԪĸ֪ҲᷢǱڡ
޳ҹ۲һ£ֲûκˣҹȻԸټĺԺȻ˶ûУ±㽫Сٻ˳
֨֨֨СѾþûгһ͸˵޳ʹز˲䣬ͷ϶ţСҲĵתѣһƼǰ޳Ҳ˵һµ޳ļͷ֨֨Цš
޳ɰСһﶺ֣ЦëԴȻС˵Ŵ򿪡
֨֨֨
Сɻرһ£ʼǰĽɫǽڻַɿػһַһɫķĴָƮ
ǽǿ󷨣޳ǿĻҵע⣬ֻСɰæ
СǳûãѾһȱڣ޳ЦŶһĴָȻ˻ȥ廯һ̣ವһ¾˽ȥ
ԪүҪˣ
޳վ֮Ԫ̽鿴ܵʱЦ
˵ʲôĵطֿȫҩĺ̺ǿļƷʯһƿƿĵҩȥһһӵЩܹԵģѾ˾̾
޳ҲˣĿȥ̻ԻͣҹȻϣһƷȫûƽɣЩҩġʯܹɻƽװصһӦȫǽɡ
Сӣ㶯֣ЩҲҪŹ󷨵סգȵǷֵʱͿˡԪ˵ţ㿪ʼƶԪͼ
޳Ҳż±㿪ʼȶЩʯƶߵͣȫһԵУľУٵע뵽ﵱС
Ԫ׼ãԪ͸һЩȫ
һ޳һ©һϵȴԶᱥ͡
Ԫһ޵׶Ԫ鶼֪ⶫܹն١ȻǰɽѾ˷ǳǴһ֣µҲѾĵĲˣԪЩ΢ı仯δжĲͬ
ǾЩ΢ı仯Ԫ鿴ϣֻ֪Ҫ㹻ԪգһʵԵĽչġ
㽫޳һִ棬һֱٵԪܹٶȵա
˵ĲŬܵʯԽԽ٣ȫ丵ע뵽ԪС
޳ǰյ࣬ʱҪȫԪ
ԪЦͶϲ£ЩҪö࣬ȻǸõطǽҵı⣬ӣǽҵҵ׶˰ɣ
ԣӦòֹЩԪͻȻ˵̽ܲ鿴һ£ڵֻһͨѣԶмСģĲƷ
ԪԸ޳ѾСٴٻСһһܵЩҸǰɿ
ȵ޳ľʯȻֽЩҩĵҩѾһʣСҲѾҴŸ俪תͷǺǵЦš
Сˡ޳ǰԴε֮飬СһԽԽǿˣһ֡
Сɸ˵֨֨һȻವһ£ëײ뵽޳ڣ
Ԫ飬ܹܲסı仯޳ͻȻʵ
СӾȻһԪүԪЩˬ˵ҲµĽƶôǿ˶ôܵϵܽݳȥͷİɣǽĽӶˣǶֲˡ
޳ķˣ±㲻ٹ¼ţವһ³뵽еĵһҵС
һȥҪǰеƷʱϡ䱦Ҳʵһ
ֻڷǰһͷСľʯžʯɢһ˵ƣδ͸һּѹ
ɲЩʯԱģͷݶϵķǶʯȵģļƷ


1489 ᱦ
һţܹħ޵ǧ깦
޳𺳲ѣΪֹħ޾ʯ̺֪֮ԪҲ̾ѡ
ķˣСӣŵʱҪСЩӴ˵ˣҪС
޳ͷʼ̽Ե̽һǿžʯȥ
ءδĿͱһӴѹ˳
޳ȴ˱ø˷ܣʯȻǼƷͨǰ̽Ѿ¿̶֪ȣ˵ٴ̽ʱҲ˼ְա
Ľ߷ȥǰγһŴʶеɫ磬ͻȻһɫĹâ뵽УεȾ˽ɫ
޳˫һ͵ؼע֮Ŵư磬ˢһ¾ͳʯȥ
飡ʯܵطţȴȲ޳һͣ޳΢΢˿㿪ʼٵ
ʯҪǰ࣬һһͬһ㣬ա
ͬʱԪ޳յʱҲӵСûЩգǽȫԹպ
һһҹ޳ųʯԪҲ˸
üһȻԪ̾һ鵱ҲԵо࣬ԪձգԪܵϵһԪǿҲӡ
޳ȻҲһ㣬¸˵˵Ԫ飬ϲ㣡
ԪЦЦû˵֪ԪҪؼգֻһͷѡ
Ԫʱȴʵһ
СӣԪб仯һõǹĺһ˷ܵĴ
ôˣ޳̽ȥ鿴͵һЩǰ
ԪĶϾȻһ˿˿ͬ˿һתĹ⻪ת
תһǿɢйĪѹ
⡭޳𾪲ѣԪֻǸʼѣǿָܻǰǸһǿĴڣ
ǳȥָտɴˣԪͻȻЦ˵
̫ˣ޳ԵˣԪԪܹȥǶǶԪ˵Ǽõġ
Ԫı仯ֹһǻԪڱҲ˽ɫ·ÿһɫ·ж̺һǿȻʱ͸Ļȫ޳֪ȵɹʱȻᾪ춯أ
Ԫģһո޳ؽ
򲻴˳ȻɡԪȴͻȻһǰļ侲˵
֪ԪһζǿȻܹڻָȴõģԪһٵʵδؾõģҪǲּһȻ˼뾳ϣʱп߻ħ
е뷨˵޳Ҳ뵽˳ĬС
ã޳Щ˵ҿǷס
㣬ҲӲܼҺԪֺγǣЩʧȥļ䣬˵ʼһźܹȫһҲһ߰˰ˣȻʵǿˣҲпܳǰ߻ħ
˵޳һֱڵһʣϸĹ۲һԪ飬µʱû״
㿪ϲʵǰɽУԳĺʱͻȻܸΪʲô𣿡
֪һֱʣҲңǰҲش𣬶ǻû׼ãȻˣҵǿ˵һ˵ʵҪ˵ԼҲֻ֪ǵʱб֣һӾͱһаסˣڲҪСģ򲻿ɱаٴѰᡣԪصؽȻʱǵԼʲôºһЩӡġ
޳ͷʵǲԳһйϵ
ûԪ˵ұǴӾԳһ峤ģҵ˱ǾԳ
ʲôȻѾ׼ǵԪô˵ʱ޳Ǿһ
Ԫ˾ȻǾԳһ壬в뵽ֻɫĽվԳ
Ҳ֪˴˿̵ͨģԪȻ֪޳ʲô±˵𲻱Ҫᡣ
֪ǽվԳ˭𣿼ȻǻʮӦò֪ǽվԳŶԡ޳ʵ
Ԫȴź̾Ϣһ˵ʧȥļ䣬ԭӦ֪ģô붼벻˵ɺ޲ɺޣ
ԪҲǺͿĲˣʲôǣƫƫǶȴǵһɶЩ޳սЩսе֪һЩǰָ˲ּ䣬Լ˭벻
뵽ЩźؽҲǾԳһѣǻȥѰء
Ҳȱżˣ¸÷ܹ𣬼޳תο
ҲֻһһɣҾͲŻһֱȥԪ˵
һʧȥ˵ãģļʹģȴôҲ벻޷ס
ҲΪˣŸӶ׺飬뵽˵λСӣҲǸйµˣҵжϣƺһʱġ
˵޳͵Ԫ˵񲻾׺Ҳʮǰˣ
Ҳ˼Ԫȥһ仰ȴ״޳Ļ롣
ȻСӱֳȷʵһģҲһ˿Դﵽģҿǣ䣬Ҫﵽľ磬ǾԲܵģﶼԼķһԽĴڡжϣʱˣһֵǣȴʱ
˵Ǳ˶֮ųֵĴڣ
޳ȥֻôһͣʮǰڼѾԪ飬սˣֻ֪ѣЩ˴ڵķʽ屣ǵѾʧ
Ҫô˵ǿԽ͵ֻͨǣ׺˭
Ҳ֪Ϊ㣬㵹ǿԷġԪ˵˻׼ģ׺С޳Եôһǿİִڣǿ԰Ĳ١
ȻԪο޳޳ȴѾƽ׺׷Ѱļ䣬һѹһȥһأסԪһ
ˣЩˣԱ߻мûȥʲôöԪЩʱڲܽ⣬ȥջһЩʵʵĳɹ
޳æһ飬㿪ʼԱߴȥĵﵱУͷȴһֱŵҲ಻ס޳㵹Ǹһѽ
޳εЦЦ˳ת뵽һԼȥѰҡ
˵Ǵ󷽡ԪЦ˵ѹôԸħ裬ۺġ
ҵУһܹĵҩ벽
޳ЩûжȤԱ߻ϲֱУһźϧûĵҪܹѰһǾˣ
֪ɣ޳Ц˵ЩȻǱղصģڱ⵱У
ЦЦȻ֪ܵؽԼҩĵҩһԵУ޳ҪƵģವһ¾뵽ĵﵱУϳ
޳ĶǵһЦҪҪԪȴͻȻ뿪Ҫˣ
޳һ𣺡Ǳˣ
֪뿪˵Ԫż˵ЩѾԽԽۿžҪ


1490 
޳Ÿһ뿪⣬Щ˾Ѿǰ
Ϊһ˲Ÿһأɫ͵һؽİ˵Ϣ
˵̧ͷǰһʱ˿æͬ˵ĽƱȥ
һȺ룬޳վǲԶؿǽȥ
һϢ֮洫ŭĺ
ɱģ˭ɵģ˭
ģʲôûˣȻһʡ˵˭ҳҪҵ㣬һɱ㣡
ʱĴŶţ滹վżˣ洫ȺȫĪмܽȥҪ鿴һȥͼǰȥЩѾŭس˳̽ܲ̽
ԪͰ޳ǵβңܷ޳Ĵڡ
޳֮û뿪ΪȺпһˣһˣһ˸оرصˣ
ǰѾɿ̽ȥ̽ǸȻһۿþȣϸһȴ־÷ǳģȻܿ͸ΪҲܿ͸ʵӡ
ȷʵվǰȴһõĸо֪Ƿָܣȴеظܵˣ˸һɷǳΣյϢ
˭ҵ˻ںУĶ޳ɨգһû£ֻҪ˶ᷢ裬ΪǽҵһλϣԭǴſι޵һħʯģû뵽Ķȫˡ
Ƕˣɺ޵ô꣬һıȻȫûˣ
ҪǴȥҵδ棡
ֳľ޴󶯾һǰһӰɿĳȺǰ
λĳһΪ׵һλӣǰҪ޳ˡ
峤ⱻϴˣʲôû£
ʲô𳤷ɫһһ˫۾Ҫɱ˵Ļ⣬ɿһԼجĵĳϣȻವһ¾ͽ뵽˱⵱С
ûãһ޴һԭڽɫǽ֮ıͻȻ¡¡ıһƬ̶
޳ëϷץȻʬΣ𳤷ŭ쳹أضˡ
ȺĽŵпеһ¶ֵɫæԱ˵ô£峤ôôĻⶼпأ
ǵⱻϴһգûܹһҴң޲ëҳ
ǿеëʱȴǲԶĵطЦĿ޿κεģ
޳ĿʵһֱǸصĿϣ˵Ϣڲϵı仯ţһһǿ˿͸ʵΪ
ʱԪ˵˲򵥣ǹ˵һּѣԺټҪСһ㡣
Ԫ˵ֻ޳Խ˿϶ĻҪѶԸĬĬļϣ뿪
ǾҪתʱλصͻȻĿ⿴ڵĵط
ƽȻȴǴһɶϤ
޳͵һ𣺡ܿң
ߣԪɿشߴٵ
޳ٴ⣬ʩչǧϢ뿪һֻλصƺˣ˲δ֡
ȵ޳ȥ֮˽ĿջתͷżɹȺĿڵҷ飬Ҳϧɣһͷ˸һЩʯҩĹֲһǵʧ
𳤷λ˵Ļ±侲ͬʱͷ亹ðæ˵ǽʧˣҪƷѣػ޷ת˿ӣʵǺա
ЦЦδ˵˶֪ԳУҲٷ
ҵȴޱȵλȻ˼֮⣬֪ǺηʥǿԸܵĳȻλȻŵͳıȻȥҲǸһǳĲˡ
ԭҪĽʯѾ͵ߣ𳤷ֻܴſȥͬʱȫǽ䱸ҪҳϴٱС͵
Ȼʵǲ֪ģҪȻӪĳޱȵǽ𳤷Ⱳ飬ǽ飬ôû顣
ҲΪ̫ԸԲŷ˿ӣ˵𳤷˰գҲҲԼѵɡ
޳ȥ֮û뿪ңǼټĸۡй䡣
ԭĿľͲϴٱѣֻ˳ǣýҲʹˡ
˴ǰҳһܶѣǽ֮ǰ˵Ļ
һжǿʼ޳ҪԵĵ˻ǣƣ޳һеıҵУȻĳЩܣ̽Ѱһ
οͻȻȷʾ˲ǰ޳Ҫ֪Ǻָʹ
Ǹĳ֣ļƻòȴơǵѻһ±ִ鷳޳ҵĵ͸֮󣬱Ȼ뿪ˡ
ĳ֣ȫȻ֪ǵѰҿ֮ˣôˣҪ˵ÿ˶пܣʱѰѶ÷ǳ޴
Ҳò֮ưͳԻпԣֻӲĽڶȥ
һߣԴӽᱻˤñ׻ȥ֮ǵý𳤷ŭѣԭҪֿԼŮ¾ͽͽٺݺݵһ飬ȥ˼²ó
ֿ֣ǺܵģӲǽ˽գٸǲҳֻ֣ùԹԵųͷ
ǽ𳤷ȻݺݵŮ̵ȥѰ۸ŮĻ쵰֪޳ʱŭҲƲסһӱһͤӣŵܵū͹һƬҳ
޳İȿʼĽĽģȻǰ漸˲ǽҵĵϵǽȴǵϵŷǳܵĹϵõһ󱲡
û뵽Ȼȫ޳ϣǣһֱڵǰû뵽СӲŸһ֣Ů˳
޳ܺãϷҪ㵽кηͣ𳤷ŭؽ
죬㿪ʼռ޳һϢм޳Ķ
ǣ޳Դڽ¥ֹ֮󣬱һֱڿջУ춼δš
û飬ҲѰȥơ
𳤷ֻý齻һɽԼȥæˡ
˴ν㷢ӢȫԪ½صӢۺǰұΪӴĶȽЩӢۺܰ׵
ڽæкһѷӿºܵͬʱ޳Ǳȴ൱⡣
Դ޳ӽҵı⵱ô༫Ʒʯ͵ҩ֮󣬱ȥǰɽ
һǰɽָ˹ԹϴɻˣҪզ죿治ףѾ͵ˣһС㣬ɲ֪СѾͷƢ治һıꡣ
޳ЦЦû˵ǰɽǸϴ֣붼֪ʱЩʲôȻҲԵ޹ʵ˽Թ
Ҳûй䲻óһǬ
ǰɽԭҲ⣬ԴӸ޳֮ʲôûǵһӼƷʯ͵ҩʱ̲סˡ
Խȥļ죬ڿջƴһʮ߰Ѿͷ򲻹оΣһҪͻƣ
ǴڿջУŴʱȴǷ˷츲صı仯


1491 
˹㷢ӢټȺǰӦԺƽ֮ߣΪӴĽңΪӽغӢۺܵһŻ
ǰһȥݻңЩӽͥУò֡𳤷æòɿÿ춼ҪˣЩ˵һһĴܣҾ˲űҲҴ⣬Ͼһܿӭһĵжԣ𳤷粻ɵӣ˲顣
ֻȫǰҰݻʱֻһУڿջУûһ£Ǿڽ뵽״̬е޳ˡ
޳ǳǰѾǰ֮󣬴ʱĽǾ˸ǰӢۺܣַǷԭ̻Ի͵ĳǳ˵ĵɫƽһ˿鶯ҲϢĽơ
滹֣ԭȻû뵽Ԫ½ĸô࣬ģҲ½ǸˡǰɽվڿջſڣͷܶĽֵզ಻ѡ
ûǽģ뵽˻ôһ죬ԲδȻϹīƺܺãѵõǰɽһЦ
ʦȻ߼ǰɽЦǺǵ˵ǰѾλǰԹ˿ͷھҪЦ䣬Ҳ˵
޳εĿˣǰɽҲ湻бµģϹī׺ǳĬ͵ˣҲܱȵʱʱð⻰ǰ״ġ
ϴ󣬽ҷվҪʼ̸ص顣һλСһ̽ӹĽ޳󣬱ٵ¡
Ȼ޳ȥƽ׽ˣǶЩС˵Ǹ߸ˣΡ
ҲϹīԸ⿴ģ޳ص£ֵȻҪչˣҲԼ˸ʱ͵࣬Щ޳ǰһӣȥٲȻѾһĪĸ֡
Щ仯ǱĬ֮УЩ߹޳ڽĳ죬ڶɢһůĸо쵼߲ͬ˸еرĺ£ȴ˲ɵþ塣
ҲλʦҪŬΪӪģ˺²ѣ˶㣬ȴһǳѵ⡣
޳֮ϹīԼľʦҲǾ˼ǣȻ˴Ϊߣıȴǳ޳Ҫսٲһʱܹˡ
Ϲô޳һӣֽϹīʵ
Ϲīһ˵ܵ͵͵͵ܵ͵ͱ˳Ȼͺá
Ǻǣһ˳ȻϴǷˣ۾кڵʣε͵һЩ۵ģ˳Ȼǡ˭ʱҪײˣһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫
ǰɽ˵ʱȴڽ¥бƵ飬ԸϽҴС㣬ʲô˵ġ
עŵ㣬Ҫǿͷ޳ǰɽϴңһв͹ܲסˡ
֪ǰɽؽҲ˼޳Ҳ˵˺ܶԸ飬˵ͱ䣿ʱ̲ס뻵£ҲŬԼţϣʱҪ²źá
ˣҲǴ˵飬ʵǣôеʧ˳ȻáϹī˵
Ϣ𣿡޳ͻȻʵ
ûţûģ˵ʱѾˡǰɽһ˵׺ͻѪڡ
޳ͷ֪׺ʵҲûжȥģֻ֮ǰˣҲ֪ˡ
˵һǰңǰѾֹ죬޳ȵ͵ǰУǻЩǰı͵УԵòôۡ
̻ԻͣһƬɫ⣬޳ǲòʹȥ۾ܹۣȻǻƹ̵ᶼҪˡ
治֪ôģôۣǷôǰɽֹ
˵꣬Ϲī͸һ䵶ӣѹѵס졣
ǰɽæӣӿڳôˣ׼˶ӣһҵٴע⣬ⲻǳһͷ鷳
޳ǰ棬ں߲˵Ŀбӵǰߡ
ҽӴ˵ĵط֮ǰ޳͵͵ĽҸۡʱųţվһˬ̴ӣָǰ
ǸֵĹܼյЦĶҪѵӺȥˡ
ⱻϴһˣڵÿַʽӼãԪͻȻֹһ
޳ǲδ˵̧ȥ
ԭŽĹܼңͻȻ˾Ȼֿտյľ˽ȥһ£Ŀವһ¾
޳ȴĿбӣߵ̩Ȼ·ѹ֪Ҫ¡
ܼ죬Ҫǳ⼸ȴһ׳ˢһ¾ͼǰȻֱֱӹӣǰȥ
ôһ飬޳Ѿ˽ȥܼҵǰɽҲĿбӽ޳ȥ
ֱܼ£ҪסϹīҲ첽߹ܼԣסߡ
½߰˸ˣÿڹܼҪ˵ʱ򣬶סߣһ仰˵
ģܼҳױŭˣô˻ˮȥˣܼҵʧְŭĵץס˸ȥһˣɻδǳ⣬ͼץŵʹ
˫һɣ̧ͷҪۼ֣ȴǰվһλƤ污Ĺͷá
С͵ͨ죬ŬҪԼ˫ֳ
ǸʦǰģղһСɢˣ֪ʦѾȥԲżҴҵظû뵽ȴܼһץסˣߵú޲Ҹȥ
ԲסԲסܼŵøæɿ֣ҪһĽߡ
֪һӢۺܵУǰÿֻһңǰͽӹλʦ̫ĿȥˣȻλСòղЩһġ
Сóֵһۣȥ
ôһ֣Ȼû˵ע⣬ǹܼȴҲ޳Ǽסˣﶼ;ȥС̫ϵˣҲǿǽңԲŹǡ
޳ȫȥҪǰͲϴһˣһܲ
޳԰ҲСעҪշļ壬˷һ˿顣
㿴ûղǹܼˡǰɽСϹī˵
ɻشȴһǰۣƵǰɽӣԹԵı͡
ȵǽ뵽Ӵ֮ʱѾˡ
Ҳ˵ˣԲδźλӣֻ㹻ӣѡ
ǽȥʱѾӢۺһѣĽ̸š
޳һλ£й۲Щ
ִһɨЩ˵гʵģΪﾳΡﾳһξӶ࣬ǵʵ൱
żҲмﾳΣĶεĸֳ֡ЩʷǷ̬ȴǳĹǫ޳ȥʱ򣬷ɫƽ˽̸ʱ˿ûиһȵĸо
Ǹֵľ޳дͬʱݴϸĸһ£ƺеһЩ顣
ûãѾĲ࣬𳤷˵һЩ滰޳վλΪӣ˵вûеλˡ
λӢܹٱᣬңдܣλ¡𳤷Ц˵
˵ʱֻЦͬһ㣬۾ĬĬع۲ˣ򵥵˽һǵʵ֮ﵫһЩЩ˵ܹҿĲ࣬³Ʋס
һν֮ôҪ񽻸нŵͬʱҲǳԺŰɣ鵱жͷ


1492 ˮ
ϵĻҲ˵ˣҳ;棬Ȼδʱķ飬²ţССˮϣܹôҾˡ
˵ͬʱһģ漴һŮһɫĹӳ
Ǻ棬ղǻҪǳԷⲻӲϲˣһм߶Ĺӳʲô
ЩӶЩŮţǰ泯ϣǵٶȷǳ죬һͽйӶžһ£ЩаصĽһͨһո˵ԡ
Ǹ߶㹻̵
ɻ󲻽⣬ϲ˷ʽͷһμûãһŮһе̵зžµꡣһģûƽɣֻŷĻƣµһƷֱЩϲС᲻ʹá
ôĶǵһáҹȻһ˼˾̾һλûʲôߣЦǺǵؽ˵ʱֻ۾ȴڶĹӷŹ⡣
ʵ˶ڶǹӿ˶ʵȻóǹӵ̺ǿĽƣܹ֮ͨڰУκĽƷǳټΪֽƲûκηãֻǵ֧ŶѣҲֵ÷ǳϡ٣ֽƵַѾʧˡ
ҲԶŴеѽԵظ̾
仰Ÿ˵꣬𳤷Ͼ¶һ˿Ժı飬޳ڵ֪˴ҽҴڵģȴȫǱģĽٷ⣬Ҳһ֧ͽѣ۵ܱȵĽң
ֳ£Ҳұֵ̫ԣĬĬԭأϲˡ
ﶼЩڴ֪𳤷絽׻⡣
ЩŮ֮ȥ֮һʱڶѹֵʱͻȻ䣬һ㵭ı
˶Ų˽ȴڰԵصסԼ壬ǿߴ䲻ǾȴǳĸߣͻȻֵı˵һõ
һ̣гֵȴĿɿڴֻЩľۼЩĹ档
ʵһ㣬Ǳɴһ㣬һ̣ЩȴͻȻʧԭء
ˣ̲סһʡǹŪ黹Ǳ⣿˵ҲƺǱʧڿն
ˢˢˢͻȻһ˿ˮһȻڴҵƤӵ£ЩԭտҲĹоȻһȪ
ⲻˮо㣡Ǿƣ˾
ǧһλӢۡ𳤷ŵĻʱ
úúã峤ȻˬЦ˵
Ұŵһֺ棬ҵҲ
𳤷Ц˵ðɡ
䣬жŮٴһװŵĶļȣ඼ǺǰɽԻʱ۷Ź⡣
ϴⶫܳ𣿡Сʵ½Ұ¶
죬ĶϹī䲻˵
ͻôԶϹŶǰɽƵ˵
ҲͷסϹīݸǰɽŵʱͣ˵
ʱĶΪߵˣһ΢ľٶ˵ע⣬ο˵ĿǰҪıǵ͵ע֮
޳ȥ˵СʱȫŸʴƵĽɫӵС
Ԫ飬㿴ûУ޳ʵ
СӣԽԽáԪЦǺǵ˵ﵹһֻŰɣЩûļһʲôθڶҪûˡ
޳ԵͷĲûǰˮȻȥûرĵط΢΢ɢŵľºʵȴ⣬оһ޵ѹ
Ԫء޳ĬĬ˵
ûԪأľˮִԪأŰɣϷҪˣԪ˵ͻȻЦ˼ô̥ǵÿˡ
޳üͷЦ˵Ϊһȥôĵ飿
ԪͻȻǵʱɼ㿴˭
޳ĿӹȥͻȻһεӰ˴һֻܸ̾ԩ·խ
ǽĽŮȻǽᣬǸ˵˰½յĽҴС㣬ӣѾа£Ҳóˡ
ԱߵǰɽϹīҲƼ˽ᣬ˵ɫЩȻǰǰɽȥʱ򣬿޳òµãѾͷӣһϳǿ϶һ鷳
͵ϹīݷＷ֣ʱ޲һǰɽһ̲סôһλڻ
ǰɽͷĬƱҨһһһڹȥ
ڽ۾ǳͷϵģûߵĽ俴ʱֱǰɵڽ𳤷ԡ֪ıԣǻΪһλˮĴҹ㡣
ǰɽЩܲ˵ҡҡͷҨһһ
޳Ѿջ۲ǰǵˮ
𳤷粢ûмҽĵŮǿغžƣ̸
ҲЩע⵽ᣬЩӺˬְԵģҪȴֳȴͻȻı仯ֻԭһͻȻǱһ㣬ͣͲǰ
ҪҡͷĶҲһ٣ǺȻǰһ޴ǿЩ̬ӣֲ˼߶ȥ
ʱ𳤷ʱѾ࣬վŴ˵ˮǽϴģ˵ôЦĻǽ¡صһˡս׸ңϣܺȵľˣСŮһ
վ΢΢ͷһ£̬Ȳӵǰ޳Ǽĵȫ
ûþƱվ̧˫֣һбк֡ǺǳٵؽưΧΪҪʱȴͻȻһɫ
죬ڣ̣ɫ̻
ʱǰͻȻסһȻҲɫ߶ɫһ֣̽ȵķֲ
ˣˣǿЩʦСͽͻȻָŹӵлһ𽲵
ǰǿɲǣһгһǿĽƣֹٴδǴ˿Ž߶ǾȻˡ
һĻ˾̾ѣЩǿҲ¶֮ɫ
ֻǿʼѣֻͻȻƳһƣɫâವһ³ſдȻ͵šһɣ໥ںһɫͻȻγһɫдڣдƣд̣ԭôɫһӦǺɫŶԣǴʱɫȴԺɫӶ࣬ԶԶȥͬɫһ
ԪںϣһλﾳΪĸͻȻλվԾĿǰһĻ
ĻһԱ߶ʱһȫŵĿš
ʱͻȻǹںԪǰһƣವһת뵽һУһﶼˮ࣬ȴһ㣬ը˵Ķԡ
һֻƱͻȻڿնڽͷǻһ£ವһ뵽ӵУٳʱѾװһ
徴λὫƱץУ˾ٱ
ڽǰĴ߶ʱӵеĽѾС˴ӾȵѹҲҨһٱһ
˸̾Ӣ۳갡
޳ǼȻűɫȴǷǳ죬ǰɽҪ¿ɺÿˣ


1493 Ԫز
ϹīλѹţǰɽվǺʲôõģֻںϳɰɫѣҼϴܹԪȫںϣɪʲô
޳ĬĬط¾Ʊû뵽ҵˮȻõԪ֮ǰѾо˲Ծû뵽²һ
֪òЦΪһľٶȴǻѡڻУʱɷѾܹԪسںϣ˵ȥҪ˰ɡ
С㣬ȻӢ۳갡츳ʵϷա
ǰˣԺ˵
˸̾ƨ֮Դϲ𳤷ͽ־ȻǷǳ⡣
޳ǸӵĳĬȥǰɽŬıŲ˵ſ԰еĳ嶯
ʱܳȥϵЦݴݻ٣ӿ϶ǳˬ
ȥһԪشս˸ͨںһ֣֣֣Ҷر֣˭Ҳˡ
ľһҲñ˿𡣼ʹֻܹƶһ֣ҲŬĴӹӵҨƺȣҵעȫȥЩȡ
˵Уֻ޳һǰʳԵĸɸɾżҨһȣ˶Ѿȫ˼βʧӵĺȾ档
漤ҡǰɽŴеİӿ̲סզ
ȻϿƾ޳͸ԪԪصĸ֪֮Ҳǿܹ࣬оԪصĲЩˮ
Ҳ˽ˮ֮ǿ֮ôǿĲȴûκαļ㵹ǲò
ƹѮǰɽЩﲻסˣƼ˶ÿģҲһԡһ뵽ϹīűĬĬķͷ
Ȼֻܹ֣һһҨƣתֵݸԵֵǡ
Щ˵ȻʵԪصĿ֮ȻȲǰɽΪôʡǰɽԶصѿ
ǽģΧƺеǰɽʶԾʱϹīѾɱ˵ˡ
ǰɽϹīðӣŵòӵеıӣЩ޹ؿ˵ҿʲôû
⻹λֵγƺû뵽ֵССͣԪصƿ֮Ȼ졣
ǰɽɫһͻȻĶӵĳ嶯Ĳǹģû뵽Ѿô͵ˣ˵ע⡣
֪һһӵҨƣ˵ȴһôѵ飬ǱƴѹƣںԪزܹ
ǰɽ˳ǣֺŪȥȴһŭļС
㣡˵㾹Ȼĸ
ˡǰɽһ⣬ģԿ϶ȥ϶ᱻϹīֻϺʹ
ҹͻȻһһղŵĴҷ緶Ȼʧʱ˫ðĵŽ䣬׼ȷ˵ǵ޳ǸӺ޲Ҫһ
𳤷ɫһЩõĺǳᣬʲôôǰڣɺͳ
ҵľһָ޳
ʲô𳤷ɫʱڵĸһȻԼҵĽ¥бһëͷС飬Ƕ֪ˡ
ɲϢ˿Խ飬ӵ⣬˶֪ǰСˣҪϢˣֱӲٽǻˣ
𳤷ǰ˼ȻЦݣȴ͸һëȻĺ⣬޳ʵ֪СŮ˵Ƿʵ
޳ɫһֱģ˿ûмһ˿ţ˵Χ˶һ˿ͣϾ˼ҽҴС㣬Ȼ򶨣ҲɲҹͬҲûվ˵
޳ЩϹīѹ£Ҳ˵
쵰ǲҳ𣿡޳˵غ
޳žƱʱŻķ£վ̬ȲӣȻɵ԰һ㵭Ĺԡ
һ̣޶˵λڳͶƵĴ
Ȼ޳̬ȣ𳤷ϵЦݱøɭǵô˵棬ֵֻܱ̫֣޳˵λСģϷĽ͡
޳̧ͷĿ嵭ؽѣһպ
ǡ
޳ɵĻһԱ߶ʱһƬֻȴԵСӺÿĿ
𳤷ɫʱһҲڲһļסĿ䣬ͬĵһָ޳ʵ̬𣿡
ಣ
Ŀֱ𳤷磬ԭûκвԵ꣬ͻȻ֮ˣ˸ܵһǿΣС
ֻ޳һһ䣬ͬһ㣬صͷ
޳Сһ֪Σ
޳޳ģȻ޳Ա߶ʱը˹޳ĴѾԪ򣬴ҼʹûǶȴİ
Сһ˵ʱôζ
˶֪޳շ˴ң˴У峤ǾҲԳ˴ңǴҶ֪ǴǽѱĶѡ
޳⻰һǱշ֧ͽģ
㡪𳤷࣬ȴ𾪲ѡ
û뵽ǰӾȻ޳ǽҴԵ޳Ƿǽô޳ټ˿˵Ļʱý𳤷ðɣ
ɱ
ž
ĻһƴϣŵŽ𳤷磬û˿̾Ȼ˵ƣ۾ͺĵҪ
ȴ𳤷һǳ⣺޷ˣ޳ǽҵĹͣⲻʶѾͷûûСģǸ
ۣΪ̫߶ϵĲţ𾪵£ϾǴҳģ˶թʹ棬˿ͻȻľٶȻ߲ѣҲеĵ
Ǳһ㣬ŬļһЦߵ޳ǰʩǷ۲ʶ̩ɽҪ֡
ԭΪкϷˣҾȻʹôһУʱЩȱȱ
ǰɽʧĿһۣѾͷ湻ûƢģȻôЭˣͷӵǸݽɫ
¶ӣ˼ĺ꣬ˣֲġ
Ȼ˵һ޳Ԫ齻̸ǰͻȻվƽ𳤷磬ҲΪԪһ̽һ½ҡԪ˵Ҳͻ˲˵ĵġ
޳Ž𳤷絭Цһ£Ȼȥûж˵һ仰ղŽ𳤷ڳ̬Ϊѡ棬֪ܺ飬ʱֻڶǰһ档
޳Ҳֵýѹȥ𳤷޳̬ȣȻҲδ׷Ȼ˵顣
˴λǰҶ֪ΪֹǸĩպƽٵ飬ǰ֮˹㷢ǰ֮ѡأȴԭġ
Ŷ˻ʵ
ҿ֪ܲɽضӴԪɣղСŮҲѾΪչֹԪص֮
˵лǷǳԺģԪصںϣһǿġ
˶ټ˵Ҫصͨһſ顣
һѾ뵽һֿܣʵ˵ҪͨԪصĿ飿
ûҪͨԪ֮ŵĿ顣𳤷ޱԺؽֻҪܹͨţͿʸ룬ҲҪģСŮĿǰܹͨš
ܲ𣿽ղչֵĿãҲֻܹͨţ˻ͷ
˵Уֻ޳ǵɫǳĹŹ֣Ԫؿ飿ôȥһЦ


1494 Ź
Ԫ֮ȻһЦ޳ԪصĿ֮ǿҲһé®һС
Ϲīһ²㽫˶뵽ԪŵУǰɽԣϹī죬ǵСȻսˣǾͲԵЩطҪչ
Ϲī;Ľɫǰչ
ϹīսУЩȴǳٺã±Ѹٵ뿪˽ҡ
ҵȲˣǰɽǸսˣܹ޳һս룬¼Ĳˡ
ԼСĵ㡣޳Щεؽ
ҪղŻУս˰ڽҵıԺС𳤷򵥵Ľ˼䣬ȥ
ŸսãѾظȥ
ղΪҪң˫ͨ죬Ȼôʹûܹô裬ǰڽ¥һΣ˿ֵô˵棬ȺζΪǸ޳ˣ
𳤷˽һۣĿ͸һ˿䣬ý̲סɪһ£Щ
û񿴹ʱĽ𳤷¡
Ҳֻһ˲䣬𳤷ͻָһ˿磬Ц˵ղίˡ
ôһ˵ոջȥְરવί˵ղŵô˵棬úġ
𳤷̾һε˵Ҳ֪ղ㣬ճǸǱļСӣˣҲһΪ޳ƿ˴ҵ޳
һ˵Ů֪Ժû˭뵽Ǹ۵СӾȻ޳㲻֪ʱҿʱһʵҲǿӡ
˵ű㽫ڽ¥м޳𳤷˵һ顣
֮𳤷ɫô˵Ǹ޳ͽ
ҸоƺЩŹ֣ȻûǿǺͻȻ֮ϳһ̹⣬ǱһƵģҪȻŮҲᡭ
Ტû˵յһж˵һĪĳ裬ÿоеڴһ㡣
ԼŮԼ֪𳤷Ҳûм׷ʣֻ˵ô˵ȷʵЩŹ֣֪޳Ȼ±Ƚϵ͵Ҳʾˣ˵һֿܣǵѹͲ޳ˡ
˼ǣɫһףʱ˲޳Ŀɾ͸ˡ
𳤷ͷϸѵռ޳ռıȽһ£ǷﲻԾ
üϸһ£Ȼ۵ðһɻ棬ŭؽûȷʵһʱϴһƦԣȫյ޳ֳĲһģұϷŪˣ
ˣ͵ΪֹɣԼ֪ͺá
ǵѵŮͰװ۸𣿡᲻ĵʵ
İɣһΪ㱨ġ𳤷˵ʱһ˿⣬ǽ޳֮ĶԹһһ
ǲа취ˣ𳤷۾ʱһæʵ
𳤷絫Цֻ˵ŰɣСӲ˶ãͺú׼һ½Ԫ֮ţһξҪ
ǣ˵˵ţǶԪ֮ҪԪ֮ţ˵練ƣȻĿǰֻͨأȴǷǳ˲ˡ
Ԫ֮ŲǿΪĸߵ;ܹͨԪصƿ֮⿿ľ츳ˣû츳ﾳϵĸǰֻ޹пֱܻ档
뵽ܹԪ֮ΪΪͺǳڴյĵ
޳ǱڱԺУûȥ飬ǾĴڷչ
޳ûн뵽״̬ǽǰɽеԼУԪصƿء
ϴԪ֮ǲǺΣգǰɽʵ˵ǰڻĸ
޳ЦЦôˣ
ֻܰи׼һȥǸ̬ǰõһҲиӦʱ䰡ǰɽЦǺǵ˵ϱֳȴô£׳նóĽš
ȷʵʱԪؽĿռ£ֻҪ˺ѵĸоپһˡ
Ǿ̰׼ɣʵյͷǶˣԪ֮ſɲô򵥡
ԪͻȻڷŵǰɽһӴλվֵ޳ղûĻǴ޳ڴģҿ˿ȴûˣϴҲû˵
һͻȻӦȵʵϴڵλǰ
޳ͷǰɽѾ֪ԪĴڣҲҪţԪҲƺλ󱲣˿ֱӴ
СӣǵϢ䲻𣿡ԪЦǺǵ˵
ǰڸ˵𣿡ǰɽʱȻ𾴣һݼȵӡ
Ӧ̬ȣԪεҡҡͷ˵ˣһЩԪүֲܽˣԪүָ£ýȥԪ֮֮һӾͱŰʣ
ôɣǰɽ˵Щһȥͱ浽жֲ
޳һֱվһߣûд˵ԪָܹǰɽҲǳм
Ԫ޳֣ǰɽôһӣڵԪøں
סҸղ˵ĻԪرȻУӦ˳ӦȻȥȻΥԵʱɿܵǾȥ˳Ӧ򲻿ֿʵ䷴ΪζܿġԪ˵
Ȼ֮ľ޷𣿡޳֪Ԫ飬Լ
ԪЦһ˵Ȼǣ㹻ǿȻܹ쿹⣬ڵǻ񡣡
ܹ쿹쾳磿Ǹߵ޳Լ֪ԶŵЩǷҲ쿹ȴ˶ʤ죬ĿǰٶȣֻҪһܹﵽ
С뷨ǶԵģҪס򲻴һ˳ȻźáԪصؽ
һֱ޳ٶȶǳĿ٣޳̬һŲþͺ߻ħһֱôҪעؾߣ߶ѡ
ڵõյϼһţ㽫кܴİԪ˵
˵ЩʱһֱûбܻǰɽʱǰɽŴ죬һĿɿڴӡ
ԭλǰѾˣǰЩԭôҪֻϧû޳Ǹ츳ҪȻǵõһҲ㹻Цˡ
ˣ׼һ°ɣҪԪ֮ţס˵ĻԪ˵һһͷ뵽ԪУ󻹶޳򲻵ѲҪȥǽصζϲܲͲ
޳֪λǲʲô£Ҳȥϸ׼ţǰɽһͬԪ֮š
ǶԪصĲԣЩԪصƿ֮ɫߣѾǰùģ˵Ԫ֮ŵ˲Ǻܶࡣ
ĿҲֻǶ˵˴ǰμ۴ʵ̫ˣܹԪ֮ŵҲֻˡ
ҵķ飬ʮΪһλһ롣ᱻڵһ飬ҵһЩӢǽ뵽Ԫ֮ţ޳ǣ֪⻹⣬䵽һ顣
Ҫ𣿡ǰɽ۾벻˵
СһЩ޳ǰĵ·ɫʵĹȥ
һƴŵĹţǲŸһ뵽ŵУڿնһ˲ʧԭء


1495 ռ
΢һ˿µϢ˲ԾëչҪźһɷǳɾϢͬԡĸ׵Ļһ
Ա߲ϵ˷̾
ǶսķߣĸսˣһֱȥжѾûַܹɡ
һַǳĸоǻص˼Уܵĸ׵Ļ֪ѾܹưһǣѾжûиܹĸ׵İ
ѾǶصӺҪĸ׵Ļǳ߸ϣϰ˸Ǵ˿ȴоԼ˵С
СҪʧһ㣬뵽ĸ׵ĻУ˸֮£ںϣҵ˹ޣҵԼԴ
ȷʵǶĸ׸˿ҲԼҵ޶ѡ
Ҫ˯ȴָоǳ˷ܣһжһ㣡ǰɽ̲ס̾
ѵˣ޳ȴһʺţ˶ڸ̾㣬ȴǲ
Ҳһĸ׷룬Զĸ׵ĻİȻȴǳѡ
Ծ޳ͻȻһ˿裬ҪǰɽӦһ壬ǲӦóȥ϶¡
ȴȵط֣ȻԼȻ˵ԡ
оѹһ˿ǳصۣҲŲ죬²һ˿ͬһجһܹ֪ΧȴѲ
޳ѹﲻϵĺԼ޳һҪѹܳ٣ܳ٣Բܳ٣
ﲻϵĸԼƴĺţԼѹ
ʹҪʹʹܹѹ޳Լ֪ͻȻݽԼͷݺݵҧһڡ
ȫ֪ԼôģǾҵʹһѹ͵ۣһ
Σ޳ؿܣһſĵ񻨴ϣɫƮƮش䣬λõͬŮҵĹ뷿
ô˯ֵط޳ޱȣͬʱЩŤⲻǴļСĹ뷿˰ɣ
һ˲ܵʱȴ͵һֻѹĸһƬããռ䣬ܺѹѹģż˸ǳ
ܣƯɫλô󴲣ԼɼһӰ
Ԫ֮ڣ޳ҪվȴͻȻԼƺﲻһͷһʱԭأˡ
֣Ľţ壬ȻСˣæ̽Լȫһ飬жʱһ⣡
СˣС˺üȦʱӳֻʮ꣡
ôһ£ɽ޳æȥǰɽǰǰɽˣӦþ
ŸҪ´ͻȻԼȻһûУȥƻֱӵˤ
⵽ôһ£޳ŬԼ侲ӦþԪ֮ŵĿ飡
ʱĶһ޴
ӭռ䣡
ռ䣿ȻԪ֮֮ڡ޳ȻӦ뵱ǾĻЩطһһþѣʱڵþܹ˷ϻͯԣصʮʱ˻ȥ
ʮʲôӵģ޳ȻЩ벻ˡʱ̫ȫûԱ֮ǾͷǳΣգɲǽҽֱܹӴԽأ
þҵɽ޳Щż
ʱԪͻȻ˵ռǻ㷵ϻͯȫص֮ǰǼʮ֮ǰסȻӤ׶Σֱӻʧˡ
ס޳ѾԼ壬ŷָղÿһϢ֮䣬ڼٵС˵һѡ
ۣ
ʱ޳ԶһŴϣͻȻһӤĿ޺һǸ˶ȻѾӤ׶ΣҪ˶þͻʧ
ȻûãӤֹͣ
ˣҿ취סԼ壡Ҳ˶ߣæ
һʱ䣬Ƭռ֮ڶʱƮڶָϢ˶ŬĿơ
Ǵʱǵʧֻ֧š
ɽ޳̽ٵѰǰɽټתȻǳۺ񣬵ʱҲֻʣת׵ľ磬һڳϵر
þҵǰɽȻطȥ
ۡԱ߲ϵӤֻԭͲôĿͬһ㣬˲
ϴ󡭡޳һ˿΢ĺǰɽžͺã
ʱǰɽȥǳۣǲӤĿ˵δǸز
޳æ̽ѰڵŴȻһѽסԼת˹
ϴ󡭡ǰɽغһط湻ģ˵ˡ
ӦңҪԪصƿ֮ߣҪȻʵѾȺһһʧˡԪڿ
ǣлǰָ㡣ǰɽԵظлԪ֮ǰͻʱҪ˵ټ˵ټĻᶼûС
ˣƶˣ޳Ͽ취뿪ɣҵϾҪ׷ˡ
ԽһЩ˽ģԲǻʹ˰ݣԪ֮žһǳõĻᣬǲܷʲôʲô޳ĻŸ˵꣬ܵĿͳһ˿
ˣǰɽʱҲżѣʱǸĺӣһΪȫĹˣܹսֻлķݡ
Լ޳д
ãϴԼҲĵ㡣ǰɽ˵޳Ȼ֪޳ʲô취ǴʱĬǶõ֧֣ҪľǱԼ
ɱԱͻȻһȣһӰһƬĽ⣬ˢһ¾ͳ޳˹
޳ವһ¾ʹӴϵͬһֻýıӣǽⰴԼתͷڵ񻨴󴲴ϵŮˡ
١˵޳Щ⣬ԭΪλסĽҴСԳ֣û뵽ȴλ㡣
Ȼǽҵġǰɽڴͷȴ̲סڿ༸䡣
ٱϿȥȻǳᣬȴ쳣ʱĿɨ޳ǰɽһ˿м
ͷӲǲײĲᣬҲãҳ׽㣡
˵ţ͵һܣ̧־һ⣬ȻҲ࣬ΪͶǳϤԼֵĳ̶ȣʱ׼ݡ
ಣһĽⷢɢնĽ꣬޳Χܲ͸硣
ɫϵĽӳһӰһһĽⲻϵس޳
ϴ󣡡ǰɽŵؿ޳ʲôʧ
ˣٲмĿڿնУ޳ѾǸˣʱҪǰֻкǣˣԺڽҵһλһ¥
ǲǸ˵̫ˣͻȻԭѾΧ޳һ˰ΧȦֱֱĳŽٳ˹
ǿšɵһ貵ĹâռһȻƲɵƣˢһ¾ʹ͸˽塣
ٲŵĿ޳ţȴѾ˵һ仰
ķʧͬʱռ䵱еʱ岻ϵСһͱһӤģֱɢڿռ䡣
ǰɽŽʧķֻ˵ѵ֪ϴǿ𣿾Ȼɱǻˣ


1496 Ԫ
ߵľٶȻҲԱߵĹעʱв˶޳ȣСԸ棡
ȣСˣĹ
ϵ˺ʱ޳оһһЩסԪص֮⣬ֻѰ˵İ
޳ȴûеһʱӦʱȫŬѰռ䵱еص㡣
ǿ֮ǵֱӱǵڲϵС仰˵ʱڲϵĵˣѹֳ֮Ϊռ䣬ʱ⵹˲ת
ϴ˵ĿռԪʲôϵǰɽƵ˵ʱСˣȥֻģ
ռԭԪعɣ֮ǰЩռ䣿ԭԪصתĿռ䲨
˵͵һ𣬶æڤ˳һһС˵ռס
ǣڤѾܹ򵥵ĻӦºһ㿪ʼٵɢ⣬һһѸٵĳɢ
һƬռʱ뵽˼⵱С
ʱչȻֹͣתʱͻȻֹһ˵תҲֹͣϢƺԶһЩȴɲֹۡ
ڤĵıǷǳǿģסʱͬʱҲöһһжסˡ
ҲҪżһʱ䣡޳ͬʱڵԪ֮ٵĵԪľмתӷһһ
ᣡ޳Ʋϵһֻʮȴ̺ԽԽԶЩ߸ܵߴ״ӶҪˡ
µĺܣּѵ֮£Ȼܹһ⵽ǲˣ
޳ˣֻǱһôһЩѡʱڵԪ֮Ѿ׵ĵȻһʩչʱϿһӴĻͬɽ緢һ㣬һ¾ͳƮɢȥ
ȵĻ뺮ײǿһжڼٵıţ޳ͳײ϶ǰɽٵĳ˳ȥܾһһһһʱֻһͷǾǣҪȥ
ȻԪز֮أԪ⡣
ԪĸҲڿٵĻָǿһ㣬ʮѸʮһ꣬ʮ꣬ʮꡭ̺ҲȫһͽƬռ䶼סЩͬ˾ݣƴץס޳ʩչȻѸٵļ
ΪǳſһƬһҪ콫ָ޳˵
ǣ
˸жޱȣǼǣ޳ϾȻһױȵƣ޵սһӾͽȫס
ܿ죬ϵѹʱʧ˶ٵ
޳ΪǳһȫӮʱ䣬ǰɽڣ˶ٵĴ߶ڵԪ֮
飡ռ˵ֿܵĿռ֮ͻȻŤһƴײ޳
޳ҧסϵע뵽СԽԽǿײҲ֣
ҿ㣡ԶЩֵܹסռʴ֮߼޳ľٶҲ׷׹æ
һʱ䣬һǳ˵Ļ档һӴסЩֿڵǱȫ˳
ᣡһ϶һϣڴıԵ˻
̫ˣҽγɹȻһ𴳳ȥ
û˻ᷴԣʱôһС
ֻƬռڱһһĺһϵγһӴޱȵҪƬռ䶼ס
޳Ҳ뵽ǵУΪƬһȻ˺壡
壡ȥȻسǰδ֪Ŀռȥ
¡¡ռ֮ײͬһû˻Ầ£ֻʣһǾǰȥ
壡
һźǿĴ߻ÿжᶨޱȣҲһ£ɿĳǰȥ
ӣռ֮һ޳ǾٶʱΪŭһ˲޴Ť֮㿪ʼĳǳ
һһһ˽һˣͬˮһ㣬Ҫû
ҲҪţһҪԼ޳˺ʱһ˵ȫսʤ˶Эܹȥ
壡
һٱȣϵĸԼľǵٶȲûΪ޴ĿռͣԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬ͬһһ㣬ǰ壬ң
̣ܷһ̶ռٵľײĦ
ǾȻֱײͨл𻨱䣬εΪ׳ۣûȥѵõľ󣬶һ˼ǰ塣
ֻһĿ꣬Ǿǰ˭Ҳ֪Ŀĵص˭Ҳ֪ǵܹܲȥ˶֪һͣͻ뵽ٲС
̣ĦԽԽ죬ܵĻѾ׵ȼǵƬһɫĻ棬Ǿͬһ򲻶ϵĳǰ壡
䣡Ѿ˻ȼյ޳ԸоǲѾȼ
һֻҪȥһܴ
䣡ǳ͸ϳǵ洫
ģˣ⿴һ£ֵһǱ𺣰Χˡ
Ҫ£Ҫͣǰǰɽ˺
壡˶Ѫڣϵĳǰš
ĿϵȼգǿĻ潫ǵϲϵš
¶ԽԽߣҲԽԽϡģѾͷ󺹣ɫףۿžҪֲס
޳еȫɢȥƴΪ֧ųһռ䣬ȼʵ̫ˣڿ֧ţֵסƬռķٻ١
ꡭ
ȼһ˿΢ʲôҪѿһ㡣
ˣҪˣ˾
סǰɽ˺
ģǾͷ޳Ҳżһ˵ǲЩȶȣſԳȥҪô˴ߣʵ̫ˡ
ɼʹҲܷһ̾ҧڵԪ֮ȫǾҪںϵʱһ˳
ˣˣ˵Ķʱ뵽˹ȵף˵һѡ
ŭǰΧмλǰĵĹѳŲסʱٳɻҽ
סŹȥûˣ޳ǺƬԪص̺һѾԸоԶƽ
ھڲԶˣһҪסæ˺
˱ʹĺֱһյĸоʵ̫ʹ࣬˳ŲסҧʵӲѱ̭ˡ
ʣµҲֻʣ֮һЩ޳Ĵ£ǰɱһѪ·
𡪡
µϢΥĿǸжҪᣬڴˣ
ǰɽԵظ̾ͻռ䣬ǵʱͻָԭˮƽ
̫硣޳ȴɫأµĿռ䵱У˿ԭȵС
ֻ̺ΣͷȥżӰӦһ뵽ġ
ǵǷЩ˵òʱʱһ亹


1497 ֻؿռ
һʮʮ
ܿ˾Ȼȫ׷Բԣͬһһ㡣
˥ϡ޳ǵһȻǰ֮ǰڵռһˡ
˥뷵ϻͯһĿֲϵϣȴǵľ
ӭֻؿռ䡣Ǹٴ𣬲һ˿飬Įޱȡ
ֻأѵҪ𣿡ǰɽɫһףʺԪ֮ŵˣֱʺڣô̬Ķй֮޲
ִˣǱջҪ̬Ԫֻ˵
㾹ȻЦóǰɽ˵
˵䣬޳Ǽ˵òѾԵı仯ԭƤͻȻò沼ǳǳơ
ǰɽתͷһָ޳ֵ˵ϴҲˡ
޳εҡͷЦ˵ҵȻˣҲһϿס
СӾſ޳ˣԼǲϵٶȣֱ˲ֱӡ
ǰɽԼҲϣæȫסˣǵ˥ٶɲɿƣۿɼٶһȥ
ô죿ǰɽһܣһͬ뵽ڶռˣȫ޿Ƶزȥе˲ϵٶȷǳ죬ʱѾͬһ͵ͷӣۿžҪߵյ㡣
޳Ѿ̽չȥһռ֮ڣЩմˣһЩһߡ
Щߵ״̬Ǻò˶٣еѾߵľͷеڴ
˷һʹĺȴ͸һ˿Ѿһ̣ռǿѹ֮£ɱӭ
ɾڴһδü˵ʱԭȥͻȻһƬõĹâͬһŰײڸ壬ӻڿգһƮڿС
ϴ㿴Сǰɽָ˺
޳ͷҲһֵǲ׹İ£ԭѾȥߵ弱ٵСһƶСһ
ɾڴΪҪձһƿʧʱǻƶСĹâͻȻıǣٶȾǱһ㡣
̫ˣǿ¸ˣҲָλߺ
ɲǣλԭѾߴʱڲϵĳ󣬾һӤһ㣬ĳһ꣬һһһһɳ
ֻء޳૵νֻһ˲֮䣬ѹûзȨֻأȴһתķǿӲļעϡ
ܹǵǲ£˻ǰɽʱһνؽ
Ա߼ҲͷԷ࣬еɲԼӡ
ԣҲֿܷ޳ȻŴҺǸ»֮ڵԼˣֻ˱
ʲôǰɽɫͻȻ䣬һæȫסԼ壬Ǽȷֿ߸ǰûڵĺ޲һɱԼ
˵һôصĴҪòܹ뾳һֻȴһƬ˵̫пˡ
ҲҪţܵؿԼ޳ɴʱ˥ɲֹܹ廹ۿɼٶ˥ȥ
ʵ̫ǿˣʵѹܿ⣬Ҳǽ˥ϵٶȼѡ
޳ֻоԼԽԽϣеƣ˥ϣԼڵҲڲϵʧĵĸо
˥϶ϵʧԽ˥ϣֿܵҲԽӶӼӿ˲ϵٶȡ

Ҳ֧ŲסžһڵϣһͱһƬ׹Χǰλһ弱Сֿʼɿĳ󣬽뵽һֻصС
޳ԣǰɽҲƲסˤڵأʱѾƣѾֻгû˽һһ㣬ĵڵϡ
־˼άҲûǲӻģʱֻܵŨŨϢٺһҲûһ˿İ׹⽫֡
ɽ޳ЩʹĿǰɽȴΪʱҲѱҲͬĲϣֻǰɽǶһ˿ѡ
˫ȲţѾһˣĺԽԽ٣ԽԽ΢ƲȫҲ֧Ųסˤڵء
һвϵķŴ󣬾Ǵһ㣬ߡ
޳һооѾ֣֪ʹӵв壬˿ҲΪһڶ⣬嵽һ˥ϵ״̬ѹܱ
졣˿ĸдУЩɥͬʱֹһ˿ʡ
ôûȴѾߵ˾ͷÿһһ̶ģսģõʲôʧȥʲôкҸͬһһڱ
ʣŨŨĲʳ飬ǵȴȫվߵ˾ͷĲһ
޾ĳ٣һ޳ͻȻһָдһƬžߵյ㣬ǵõһһ̣оԼƽȥһУͻȻɢǰ֣ȫν룬һʣµʲô
ָûüϸϸᣬͻȻоﴫһһӴġޱµ
İΧ£Ȼ˺±ʻһعĸоȴһȫµĸܡ
ǰ׹İ£޳ڶݵʱԼһĳɳ
һ꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ɿƵʮʮ꣬һɳȥǿ˹ȥԼҲδԼΨһźǣûرĸܣΪɸоڲϵʧ
үģô£޳ǰܹһֻأڵСҲȫ˳
һͼԼΧһжڼٵ˥ϣһŵ۴
֨֨֨СɺëҲǳĽţһΧ£޳ԣƼ޳Ȼһͱһ׷ԲԵүүŵСһһȥ
Ҫ£ܵȥֿͺá޳ο
Ȼ޷ܣǾֻܾӻٶȣǲģʧȥһлͷŬǣµǽԪԪҲƳڴʱԪԪõĴĵڣû״
ϴȥɲǸ취ѽô죿ǰɽŬãԼû취ˡ
ǣģ湻ʵģһ仰һѽȻָǰɽ˵
ǰɽһۣ㲻Ҳһ˵ϻȱסɣԭͲСˣֻؿռԴݲУʧȥܹ
ʲôֻػɴۣһҪ޳ӣҲ̫ȱ˰ɣүүòײģⲻǰ۸һٶ
˶˵ϻˣ취뿪޳Ŵ˵Ȼֻһ֮أǾһͨİ취뵽ǣȻѾͷܹͨԣûԡ
ǼͻķʱǲԶȴǱһεӰһ˲˲Ķǡ


1498 û
ô𣿡һŮѹʵ
ˣ˥ϳ̶ȷʵĻҪ˵˵˥ϵһһ
˼ǲ˵Ŀǳǿ󣿡Ůʵ
ûⲻǿ⣬ʵҲǳǿ㿴Ǿһֻأʱϵûб١ָ޳ķ򽲵
˵а𣿡Ůüʵ
С㣬ˡֱԣĿǰٶȣǹȥûжİա޳ıǳǿһŪãͻȻɱǾˡ룬ǽй۲쵽˵˳
һ˵꣬⵽˽һۣԼƣ޳Ǳȷʵǳ󣬵ǵֻֿ֮ʲô˲ģһſռˣøֻһ
С򲻿аվڽԵν𳤷صѡһȻʵȴѾﾳˣΪ˳侲Ǹɶõ˲ţҲǽ𳤷˴صŽԭ
ĻȻýΪУ򴽲м˵һﾳһε³ȷʵǿǱܣ֣ˣֻؿռ䣬ûЩִ˿Ҳռ֮ˣֻһѹûлֵ𣿡
˵һĨ޳עĳ裬һӶν֮֮Ǳȵľᡣ
Ȱ˵ЧֻʱֳĬӣλС϶ǰͷţ֮£Ҳֻнҵ峤ĸ׽𳤷ܹ
룬ַֻܻ˵ǴСι
˵ɫ΢Щ˵׼ʱлǾͳȥǶֻؿռָƣֻҪڽһֻ֮ǰ뿪û¡
ֻؿռֻػٻЩɵģϾǳĲף򲻵ѣҲʧȥò
ͷĬˣȻסǾֻȫ׼ʼעȫ޳ϣԶĬĬĵȴʱ
ʱ޳Ѿ뵽˵ڶֻصĿ㣬ھһɳ֮޳뵽׶ΣԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽڼٵʧ
ڣԴһǣصڵϣҲʼ
۵òò۾ƽڵϾĵȴĽ١
һƬ׹𣬽ס
ڣͻȻһȣȻͬýıһ৵һ¾ͳ˳ȥҲһֱֱͬĳ޳ȥ
ʲôˣһԵǰɽüԣһӾվǵֻٶҪ޳һЩʱѾ˵ڶֻأɳ˶ͯ׶Ρ
᣿ǰɽ͵Ϯʱ͵صɴۣһҪվȴһƷɨһӾ͵ȥԶ
޳ĺһҪܹȥǴʱһѹͲܿ⻹ʢĽ
޳û뵽ɣȻôҡ嵽޳ǰű׹ס޳
Цţľ֣һ⻺ĳ֣Ƭڰ׹֮ϣԵúǹ졣
С춯ְɡվ޳ǰżؽλҲżһ޳ֻصһµĻǾ͵òʧˡ
ô᲻õԵһۣҲǳȷҪɱ˾Բõϡ
ǣĵĺˢһ¾ͱȻһ⽣ֱֱĳ޳ȥ
ԣʱ޳ѾڼٵСһ¾ͱǺסһ̣˵ĶǰɽȴֻĿǺһӽ޳͸
أ
ͻȻ䣬һҵײȻ޳͵ıһƬõĽ⣬һ¾ͽǺ˻ȥ
ô£һ£Ļֿٵһ⽣žһ¾ͳ޳ѹȥ
飡һ󴮾ҵײϵռ֮ڣԵһӴƴ޳ڴವһ½ذΧס
ͬʱ޳ֻСȻವһ¿ʼϵı
СӣģｻˣһԴżڽͻȻƬռȫһ¡
ǰɽǾϲУүĿ湻ʱġ
뵽ֻؿռȻûӰ쵽ԪʱԪԪУʹԪವһ³޳ڣᷢĺײһ
СߣתҪᣬȴһӸ֡
˫ðĶǰɢŽĴ󶦣֪ǺηǱҲⶫԲ򵥣ǵҲȻһƷֻܹؿռһ㶼Ӱ죬Ȼ˲õĶ
пһĴڣ뵽ȫܣ̰Ŀ⣬ȻҪ󶦾ΪС
С㣬⡭Ŀ⣬Щε̾˿˾㲻ãǷƷҪ
ľҽȻתͷ
ߣ֪ߵغСѾͷȻҪȥȻǳţ»־Ԫ齲
Ҫļһ˵ʲôվ㿴ҽҵʵ˵ű˹ȥ
Աߵ״ҲòӲͷƤһжӵĻΥȴһ׶ûУǰͻȻ֣ԲͬѰ澹ȻжģܹõãòǣҪˡЩ˵ˣҲ
Ԫүү˼ⶼ۸ͷˣϿǵɫƣǰɽԱߺʱһʮĺͯģ˵ʱۣʮֵĸ֡
ҲòȥŤ۵צź֪λ˭ϼһɵóӣһСѾͷ۸˹ȥ
ˣԪЩ͵غһ˵治ϲ˲֪ˣΪĵأ
ȻԹţԪĶȴһӽٲչһһӾͽԪ
ȻǺöͲԪˮˣһ󶦿ȥǱ׵޻ҪأѾڻ룬ĵõõǰһڣԺ飬Ҳ˵ˡ
һ̣ϵЦͻȻסԭͻȻܵһǿĿֻţ屻ǽһգȻȫܶˡ
СߣԱߵһӳ˹ȫ۳Ҫȥᡣ
ԪᣬһӾͽԪʹţһ¾ͳǳײ˹
ȻˣͱˣԪ鵭˵Ȼವһ½Ԫͬһһ㳯ȥ
ʹغǾš
Ѿˣ
ԪЦһʹԪһӾͽסһֽ̣˳м˵ʲô˶ʸҵĶڵģǾֻصζɡ
ԶԶԣǰɽһ߿Լ˥ٶȣһ߹Ԫ˵Ԫүûа취̫̫ģǲҲš
ĻŸһ˵꣬Աߵ˵ɫ΢ֽкãã˵СǶǳԼòҪǱ̫š
ʹĴһֱӻȥҡͷһˣҲҪң
Ԫɫһ䣬ǰɽץס


1499 ͨռ
ңһ󺰣أĺƬնһ£һͬһա
ԶһռĽ𳤷ͻȻ޵ĺһ𣬸æķȥ
峤ôˣԱߵһλ΢Щ곤߾ʵ
Һĺ𳤷ü˵ͬʱüͷɽţûջڲ̽
ѾͷԱߵλ곤ĳɫһЩŵ˵ǲǳˣ
˵ͬʱתͷ΢΢Ա߿һ£ʱΧվߣЩһͬռˡ
ѹһЩչȥСʵǸ޳öԸ᲻£
𳤷šüëҡͷЩصؽӦòܣаľڳ˴²Ŷԣ
ҲЩȷǸ޳Ĵ˵ʵ̫ˣһϲĵزǿڣͻȻЩڴӦԼŮȥһĳʲô׷Ī
峤ɫλһʵҪȥӦһ£
ɣ𳤷ҡͷ̬ȷǳһȥ˶֪ȵȵȿɡ
˵ʱ򣬽𳤷Ѿ˳ռ佻ĵطȥǽֻǰһУҲû죬𳤷ϸĲ鿴һ£ûκζ
ҲˡοԼЩģֻżصԭء
ֻؿռ䵱УʱҪУҲ졣
ԪһҪܣ׷ֻ֮ĥŵĽˣôֵܵùȫܿƵԪԪ飿һӾͱԪסܶ
壬㵽ôȰңȻҵŹģŭĺš
ǸͽԪЦһԪүƽ޵ľͽǡôһλԭЩҵ飬κս𣬱սЩ飬ڼˣҲ˵ȥ
˵żЦͬԵһ㺮䣺СѾͷֻܹԼùɡ
ҪʲôᾪֵغʱҪܣǻԪĽţһ㶼ܶԣľò˶٣˴ʱͬˮһ㣬Լľϡ
㲻ҪҸ㣬˺ңҵһŹģں½Դʱ򣬽ıֻܾʣĹԣ˿૵ŵĶһ仰𳤷һ˿ϣڴܹŶԷ
֪ʱǰԵһЩ첻µزµˣԪ飬У𳤷ͬһֻһ㣬ȫۡ
ԪЦ÷ǳǷ⣺ͽͽĺӦ־򣬲ǲʱδôˣҲи˶ϣǾȴ㿪ʼɣ
Ԫ˵ţ㽫һâವһ´Ԫгֱֱע뵽ڡ
үŵ㣬һŪˣǰɽЦ˵
ģǸӵǲʲôãվԶָܻò
۸޳ģԪһŹǰȻǸŮޣԸӣԣ֪жˣԪһ㶼һһӾͽס
һ⳷ȥʱ򣬽òѾ˷츲صı仯
Ԫ޹ʼ磬Ц˵ɱңֻ˳ӦطĿռ֮ѣⱾǲճʲô˺ġ
ȷʵʲô˺ֻǽΧĿռ֮ȫ˵˥϶ѣԪЩռ֮Ƕ˵ڡ
ԣԺڶĸǰȻָܰò
ڱʲôˡǰɽǳӵǰžһ´ǬͳһѾӰڷڽǰҲ֪СʲôʱһŮ˵ױڿڴʱó
ᷢһֵĲҽУ˫ֽĻԼš
ⲻңԲңȺ쵰ҲŹǵģһķĳԼͷǴһͷȴǲ԰һƬѾأ˫ӣҲû۹⻬ͬƤһֲڸɬ
ҲţⲻģԲģʹغŮòôҪǧС㣬עԼòЩʱҲĽʲôˣܽܣ
Ⱥħɺ˫ۣݺݵصǰֻ󶦺ǰɽˣԶ޳ѾһֻأʱҲѾָԭȻڿٵĳɳϻϵѾָĲࡣ
Ѿˡһ˿֪ȥѹǰȺ˵Ķ֣ҪѾ
ͻȻ˫һݵؽȻǾͬھ
˵͵ǰһܣڵһ˿
С㲻ɣľ״ǰһѱסᣬȻ͵ϡ
ȥɣڰľסһ̣ǬѾͳһֻСɵ̡
ણɿ̣֮һ̵дٶת
̵תһɾ޴̵ıԵת˦ܡ
ãڽռ䣡Ԫ˫һǰɽ˺ȥֹǧȫת
ѾˣСһתͲֹͣǶȥɣѾľŷɳȥһξ룬ûзһԼĵǺȥɣȫᣡ
С㣡ľĶŵˣ붼δͳĲȥһӾͽˣָɿĵﴦһ£סļѨתͷһѾ׷ǰɽˣҧҧһѶеֻ̣ǰɽ˹ȥԶȥ
ģǰɽҪ׷ȥȴֻ̳Ƿ˹̵˶ܵĿռ֮ٵŤһ̾γһΪĵУܵٵĳǰȥ
̵ϿջһʵĹԣ׷޳һʹԣĶʱһ
Ԫ֮ὫڴԪȫˡ޳
ǿô죿ռԭԪ֮ɵģһҪ´ˣǰɽͷҲһżؽ
㣬Ѿͷһа취뿪ԪȻָŽķ򺰵
˵ʱʱ죬޳ʩչǧ٣ǰɽǳǳȥЩһͬǰǣҲȥ
ռ˶ŬؿԼ˥ϣѾûȥֻͻȻֵĴ󶦺ͶڵʲôǴʱֻȥ
ȵǣ˴ʱ޳˵һݣѾӹһ٣ڸǲҷ
ˢ޳ˢһ³һǧȥǽӴЩͱǹסٵĳǵķ£ȥ
޳İæЩߵѹʱСࡣ
Ǵ͸˿ռ䣡ǰɽָǰһռƶҿǸȥˣ
ȥ޳ɿ˵ȻߴϣһͬǸռƶȥ
ľסǣƶһߴϺͷŭ
һǿһӳƶУǰɽ׵壬ֱֱرײϣѾ׼ûбһǹɱ
һкһֵܣëϣһӴѾģ
֨֨֨Сëǰȥʱž޴ֻؿռ֮£ëСɶԵò࣬ǵĶҲٻ˺ܶ࣬ⲢӰǵơ
ëǸİӣ׼ڣһȥ


1500 ߶ս
Ǳߴһʹĺ赲ʧǰɽ״ëһǿڣǺȥ
֨֨֨ëСҡͷǵ˻ôܶ뿪
ȥ޳ǽʱһҲ׷һǰΣɫЩء
᲻֪ʲôڳնǺֻܴһ˳ȥ޳ңȴĿռڷǳ̣ҴܵĿռŤ֮ԽԽǿֻöŴҽ˷ʱ䣬˳򴩹ȥ
ϴߣҵ󣡡ǰɽһó
Ѿ࣬뿪޳ɵؽȻŻҪǰɽ͵߳һţǰ
ϴ󣡡ǰɽʹغһѾĳŶڳȥžһ͵˳ȥ
Сǡ޳ֻŵ˵ôһ仰ΪбħǲΥֻҲǰɽ˹ȥ
ߺ󣬡޳˵ץʱ䣬˳Ҫżҵ󡣡
˶޳𶯲ѣ֪˭ͻȻ亰һһҪأ
Ĺڵأ޳أ
һ̣޳ǵףѾһŵѣ˵޳Ѿǵ˶ɵģҪԵʱ޳׵ǡ
νѼ飬ЩԭѪˣʱ޳ȻߣһЩ߳˵ȥɣ
ûʱˣǿߡ˵ֱץһǰһŶȥЩߵУ޳ΪȻߵģǵﾳΣε˴ڣ֪ЩҪʵȴûһ˱ȵġ
οԪڣԪصƿ֮ҲԶԶ֮ϣϺ˭Ϻ
ұˣȥֻΣգ߰ɣѾ޳ǲȥģŴҽȻҾȻŶӣһɿڳȥ
޳һֱվΪǵֵסѾϯĿռ֮
ʱѾһ޴УԪ̵֮˫֮£ռĶʱֻ޳һ˵֧ţΪǳһƬƽ֮ء
ˣ߻о޴ֻ֮޳ڲϵ˥ϣ˥ϵĹ̵Ҳڲϵ
֧ԽԽԽԽ˵Ķš
㣬㰡˺ۣغȥ֪ȥֻܱӻһᵢʱ䣬һ̶ֻǰ壬Ƕȥˣ޳ͿԸ
ಡƬĿռﴩһ˶ʹĳ̡
˥ϵٶȱ޳죬ǵٶҲԽԽ󼸸ʱȻ˰׷ԲԵߣж·ٶһģڵһ
㲻Ҫˣ߰ɣ⼸λߵߣһڵһʹغ
ͣ޳Ҳ÷ǳĲϣƴ֧ϣкֻ֪ҪһиЩܽǳ׵Ľ顣
޴Ť֮֮£ǽֱӻҷ
Ҽͣ⼸λҧƴڵϻŶĽˣǾһҲҪȥ
һŬһһڿ˶ڡ
ǶҲûǰܵһſڵݺᣬǴʱ˵һ仰ѣ˵ȥ뿪
Ԫһ¡޳ѾصеԪ˵ʵҪԪڰ֧ŵ޳Ѿ֧Ųס
ȷҪԪ֪޳ʲôЩɵʵ
ûʱˣȻǻ޳˵
˵ӳóԿԪε̾˿µĶȴûһ㺬˸һξ޴ವһע뵽޳ĵﵱС
õļӳ֣޳ͬһ㣬৵һ¾ͳǰȥûֱӳǶڣǽò׻õע뵽Уޱע뵽Ǽλϣǰһơ
⼸λ׷ԲԵ߾ֵغǻشǵһƬವһ¾ͳ뵽ǸڵС
޳ղŵһڵ׺ľֱֱ׹䡣
ǸԪεֹһԪеϵע뵽޳ڣסŤ֮
лˡ޳һЦݣȻ»õѸٵתھУǰһ㣬ɿĳŶڳȥ
ɾİӼ붴ڵʱͻȻһɾ޴סˣȥ
ϴôˣѽһߵǰɽ˺ò׼޳ˣȴڶڣӻһߡ
ģռжڣԪ߷ߵһִʱֻؿռ䵱һס޳˲á
޳ͷð麹ǰɽ˵һˣԼֵǰܴ󷽣Ҳֱȡ
ǰɽһռѾָʱԥؽڵԴԴϵ޳עȥ
Уⱳ̫ǿˡ޳һǰɽǵע룬ȻҲڷɿ
ֻؿռ䵱УռѾȫŤ޴Ť֮޳ŤһǳĽǶȣҪʱƴԪؿ壬Ѿֱˡ
ĺЩռ֮޴йʼڵڹ
һʱ䣬ⶴϱһ˿˿ѺۣҪ׵شһ
СֵܣаҴѵģԶĽ𳤷һżغ
ʲôѣǾ˳ڴҿæܻ޳ļλҪܹ
ǻδͱһɴѷ쵱͸Ť֮عεڵϣеವһ¾ʧȥһֻ첲
һĻʱ˵ɫ԰ޱȣǴҲֻһ£Ȼӷǰ塣
ҲҪ޳ǺҪ
ռ֮һ͸ǵȫܲסѾǰɽ˵һȥȻˣûܾǡ
ǣϴ㡭ǰɽҪˣվԭأʹĴ֣ȫû⣬ԱСǼҲĿҪץռ֮жôǿǻδѾܵʵ崦Ť֮е޳ڳʹࡣ
ԶĽ𳤷ȻҲһ㣬͵һ޳ĻҪҪֲһΣ˲ò
һ£żغСֵܣ˻ȥɣ֪츳Ȼܹսʤǿռ֮ģ뿴һõĿռ֮͸һܹѽ
˵ţ˺޳һ˳ȥҾⶴڷססһҪȫȻȵռ֮͸ҿɶҪˣ
ʲôôƻȥ˲ˬؽ
ҲЩȾߣ޳ûôཻ飬ʱ𳤷һĶվ˵峤˵û޳ȻԼķսʤѣܺ˴ҡ
ʲô뻰ǰɽľҪȥˡ
⻹ǻѼ鰡Ԫζؽ
һ̾ͼ޳ͻȻ˫͵򶴿ڣȻһԭѾ̽İӣವһ¾ͳ˻ȥֻһ˲ͱǾ޴оסವһ¾ʧӰ١
ϴ󣡡ǰɽɫ԰ף˫һ͹ڵأЩ޳ͳҲڵأŵĿһС


1501 в
˵ǰɽֻһ䣬Ȼ˫ɺţһ¾ʹӵԵĶһ£ֻʧȥǵԱһ㣬৵һ¾ͳŽ𳤷˹ȥ
˽ıСˣɱ㣡
ɱЩߺСҲȥ
һӣ泹
ҪʲôڻûסӦЭռ䲹ϲŶԡ𳤷ɫһǰɽ
ǰɽŭȵȥɣ˵űͳĵϣȫע룬ವһ¾ͳ˹ȥ
Ҳһβͳ˹ûд𳤷磬ǳĵ֮ϡ
Ӵɽʱһǿл֮£ͬһɽһ㣬֮ƴ𳤷ס
ǶҪԼȥ𳤷ɫһõغϷӻ˵壬ʱŤ֮Ѿ͸Ҫ˶ãһռ䶼ö
ɱǣǽұӵģͻȻԱһϵ˻ޱȣ޾Թ
𳤷һղǷ̫ǵһģ˽Ƭռ֮òûб䣬ǰΪԭһˣǴʱλ˾ȻԼ
ٿһ£̫ŵİľⲻǽҵһ̫ϴŵȻŮϲ·
㡭𳤷пһ£һõͷŵؿλ̫š
ǷᰡԭӦϵֳԵ˵Ĵ̶ݣȴҲûա
𳤷һʹǴʱûпȥʣͷѾǰɽǺ֮ǣϵȫ˳ǺȻǾƲԳԷƣͱϷˣ
ﾳΣǰɽ͵һȻˣЩųһס
峤ز¶ʱĶ֡ǰɽ
ɫҲǳأһ˲˲ĶĽ𳤷磬ȻתͷͻȻСǺС˵СɲСʩչŭӾͲôѹƲ
ԣŰѾģǰɽһȻ֪ʤɷǳãǲɳƣԼ磬漴
˵ľΪ֮һ
ҿˣǶڶҪſˣҿȷסռ֮˵ɣЩ߿ȥǺ
Ǵʱǰɽ綼Ѿʧȥǣ޳ﻹ˵ô࣬˸һȥռһ
ɾǸҪʱǶڵкȻһȻһ£ڶˡ
ǰɽһתͷĿǶڣứһ¾
ϴ󡭡оղǾ޳Ϣ£ǵϴȻǷסƬռ䣡
ǰɽ֪һǺԲܹϴɱ⹷֣
ɱ˵ľΪ֮һȻ۾ˢˢĳŽ𳤷˹
ѾסֻؿռڣԪһε̾Ϣ㻹˽ֵܣҲԷʲôΪ͸ȥ򡣡
޳ͷȴǷǳأԪ˵Ǳÿȥǲǽ𳤷Ķ֡
ҲȳȥԪƵ˵ôħڣټЩŷЩߣ𳤷ҪɱǰɽǵҲûôףץʱɡ
ǰ޳϶ǰɽһʧȥǵΪ𣬲ȥ޲ռ©ŲһеΪˣҲΪʧȥȻռ֮׵뵽еС
ʵ˶ͬƼһ㣬езɿתȫҲһ֧ŵ㣬οҪսʤ
ǿԼ侲ĸܵԪ֮ȻһռﶼԪɣôڵԪ֮йͬ㣬ֻҪҵͬ㣬ǡ
޳ɿĽû뵽ÿһ˿ë׵Уϸĸһб仯
ľˮԺвϵ֣Ǿһֵһһɿǰȴһͬ㣬Ǿǳֵ˳йɿѭġ
ľˮˣÿһڣ໥໥ԼЩԪȫγһɿתԲ
ԽԽԲһ𣬾γӴĿռŤ֮
ԭˡ޳һͻȻۣ˫ðһ⣬ԭԪصܣЩռ׾ԪعɵģֻѸٵתԲ˸о塣
ףǵıʷ˭Ҳı䲻ˣҪǾ͵ȴⱾʳ
޳һȻͻȻһǿ͵رÿһһ֣ľˮһ𣬱˴ܲɷ֡
޳ЩԪ֮һβγһԲںһγһǣһͨβЩȽУȻĽںϡ
ಡǵһһˢˢˢıȼһƬȼһӴڻͨȻȵںϻҪǿࡣ
޳һ𣬾ָооԪ֮ǿɾҪЩյʱĿռŤ֮ͻȻһĲȻȻڿٵʧ
üһǾȻԪ֮Ԫߵ
޳һɿʼⳡսʱʧȥζԲЭ
ʵ̫ǿŸһ񶯣ͱһ޴סȻ˶ܶͬʱڵЩԪ֮ͨϵĳȥ
ռصǹǳͷʼӷӶ޳ڵʧķǳ죬ȻʶŹȻҲʶл̲һɸӴ
ȷʵˣ޳ʶһƬҫЩԪ֮ԭڴˣʱڽɫĴ߶·ɫĹâǽںһγһرϢ
㡣ֻؿռ䵱ͻȻһһֻèҰһ
ղǸ޳͵һռ֮ڹȻһˣҲˣȻһǿĴڣڽĿ׼ʶ
ζĸоһ̾Ȼˢһ£һӴͳ޳ʶ
̫޳аһȫע뵽ʶУ岻ҪΣʶԲκַ
ÿһߵʶܱ׹ʲôɴȥˣ
䣡޳ʱһƬ¡¡ɫ緢һһҫ۵Ľ⣬ͬʱЩԪ֮ͬһ㣬ʶвϵһ
⺣УһһϵɢΪ޳
Ԫأ𣡡޳͵ķһȣź޵ս⣬
һɫĹâವһ´ͬɹâһӽƬռ䶼ճ˽ɫһռ䵱дսǰɽǶܵߵ𶯣һͣŵĿǱϵĿռ䶴ڣ
ϴϴʼˣǰɽغܵľͷˣһһ㳯Ž𳤷˹ȥ
ɱ𳤷еΣҲԽԽǿҲȥڵȫɢ˳
һߣ޳ڷһ֮ͬս·һ㣬һɫĹԡ
ʶУһҫ۵̫ͬһĹâӵƽ𣬳ǽȥ
ֻ̫һϡеĹâɢ޳ֻһʶͬʲôѿһ㣬һɫĴţд֣


1502 ǿ
ŵٴγ֣޳ǰҲֹȴδ˿ƺƴ޳ԸоһεϵĸоڤڤǶһ˿ƿء
ʱѣ৵һ½ȫջע뵽ʶУ֮ɫ緢ĽӲ
롪Ƿһ죬Ƭռ䶼ȾһɵɫѹкʱӻܿռŤ֮
һжǱס˶һ㣬еתٶҲû
СӣʶпǱԪҲ̲ס̾ͬʱҲЩĽʺޣСӵõۺ죬Ҳ̲סҪ̼䣬ôûôأ
ȱ̫ˡ޳ȴôֹۣʱĸܷǳȷȻźͽɫıܵŤ֮ǹǿûмٶ٣ڸƴ
ֻоڵڲϵıߣĿһ
СӣƶһţһӦһֲŶԡԪüһͻȻ޳˵
ԡ޳ͷʱѾƤ壬ԵЩģȴҧʶŨȥ
ĶʶеĹâȴɲܹסǿڲϵš
š޳Ĭţͬʱȫȥŵı仯ٴγ֮󣬳ǰоǹ޵ƿ֮⣬ŵƺҲһ˿ת䡣
ʲôת䣿޳Լʱѹ֮£ĸ֪ģģģҪоѡ
ʱˣȻ˥Ҳ࣬Ǳͨ˻ҪǿĶࡣ
޳ɴ۾ܵһжӣ뵽һҵ״̬˿ʶֻʣ½ɫʶɢâ
ԭˡ޳ɢһ޵ĹâƬʵŷģڽɫҫ֮£űֳһЩâ
޳ϸϸؾ׽ܣͻȻһץסһ㣬ÿһųֵʱ򣬶ܵĳЩд󼤷ʶеĳһŲŻ֣Ҳ˵ǱҪһŻᷢ
ǸղҴʲô޳һʺţеѾԺԣֻʣôһ⣬ɿԼŬ˼ڱ뵽ˡ
ڸղŵų֮ʱ߶޵ս⡣Ҫ߶޵ս⣬ںϵ֮²ŷģֵԪء
ԪûԪһеĸԴԪ֮ϣľˮԪزǸ
޳һǲһȻˢһ½ڵԪأȫȻһԵĳ·ʶС
ͬʱǷ޳ľٶøӵķ
ռҪԪ֮ԪֻԼ֪޳̲ŶٵԪأԪӶΪôɲǳܹģʹԭȵսѾ࣬ǲɷǳɹۡ
뵽ԪͻȻֽһߴ޳СӿֹǵĿԪ
Ԫ޳͵һһˢһ¼˲ͱ˳
ԪҲ⼤ҵķӦһȻȻʶԼ˵ˣ޳˵˵ˣԪеԪأռǿǵˣ
޳д˿Ӷ˵ΪǻջģԪռ䵱бʧˣҪĪˣΪʵ̫仯Ī⣬֪ߺᱻתƵʲôطȥʱҪȥң
Լĵ㣬Ҿֹ޳Ԫ˵ʱʶеĽԽԽƬ͸ƬҲյͬһ㣬ǲ֮ҲԽԽǿ޳ڵʵѹܹ֮⣬ԴԴϵıᡣ
̫ɶˣ֪˭ڱ󵹹ԪүһŹԪЩԪ޳ھôսռģ˾Ȼ֮ʵ̫ɺˣ
һţһ߿ٵĴ߶󷨣޳˵ȻǾ͸ɴ࿪أ˭Ĺ˭
治ˣĿռܹ֮ȵùر̬֮
޳ûзԣĿǰܹҲֻЩˡ
ɾԪҪصʱռ֮ͻȻһԴŵĺȰ㻹ǱȻ֮Ŀռ䶼飬˶Ϊᡣ
ռ䣬һʱ˶ˣڵռǰɽǣǵɴۡ
ǰɽΨ²ҵӣ±˵ֽкã޳ϴǲµģ㾡ôô
ǰɽǼʶ޳ǸŹ󷨵ģ˿˷ܵĲˣ޳󷨡
ǽ𳤷ȴɫ䣬æغСֵ˼ۼԪ½ĸ֣ۿɲܹܵģ
⻰˵ʵۼô֣һһܣȫռ䵱УԪ½Ҫˡ
ߵĻʵܴ͸ռ䣬ټֻؿռ䵱ӿң޳ѹ˵ʲô
˿̣޳ԺֻʣһͷǾ׵ѹƬռ䡣
Ҳⱳ˭жػģ˭˺򣬾͸ȥ
˵ŻͬʱһǿƣǹҪɵƣҪٲȴģⷽռ䵱г׵ʧ
ʧҪԪԪȻҲűݻ٣λصĴүƺһ޴Σ޳иҲԪ¡
ģҪӣСǲԪ˵Ѿʼ߶ٲһŹֵķĴ뵽УͬʱԪҲһ¡¡
дǾȻƲԳԷƣȻͱֱ飡ռ䵱еҲǵ̬ˣ±ǿӶ֮
ЦҪɱˣѵǻ𣿡ԪЦһ˶
ԪٵתһԶֲãವһ´ܳƵƬռ䶼һ¡
һ䣬ȻƬֻؿռͻȻöһһͻȻų֣ǽһٵĳ޳תȥһֺϳһ޴УеĲӣռŤ֮ʱǧٱ
޳͵һһ뵱ɽһģһһͷⱳٿصǲ뵱ɽصһģѹͬһˣ
Ǵʱѹɲ࿼ǣɰһӾͽס޳ȫؾ뵽еУʱҪ˺һ㡣
¡¡Ԫ״ɿ߶ԪҪ쿪ض䡪ǿգҪƬռ䶼ɵ
ߣֻؿռصͻȻһмЦصһӾͽ޳İΧһ޳оԼͻȻͶ뵽һյУһƬڰžһжֹͣһһӴһӽסڵԴԴϵȥ
ʶźͽɫ緢ĽѹֹۿҪȫߣͻȻһŭĺͻȻʶУģȻԣҴ㣡


1503 ߺһ
ģȻԣҴ㣡
һ۵ĺѧһ㣬ȥֺЦȴһ£˲ɵһ
޳㶹󣬱ΣСһʱܳʲô
ֹСһͻȻವһ·ɵʶУ͵һһɫĹâһ¾ʹʶ
ôСˣĿ㣬ٲŬʳɶҪˣԪͻȻЦʱҲż߶ˣǽԪдһԵ뵽޳ʶС
޳δôһ£ͷʶз˷츲صı仯
ԭȱɫȾɵĽɫͻȻһɫɫɢŲһѹнɫ
֮޳ͷ͵һ𣬶ʱޱȣôⶫˣ֮ʱҪġ
ǵõһ㣬źͽɫͻȻıڼԪעԪ֮ʱ˷츲صı仯
޳ţǰ򵽵Ԫ֮ó׵طͻȻâɣһ޳ȷȷʵʵĸܵŲǱģԷķ⡣
ʶ˵һҪըһ㣬һǿһ³ɢ
ֻ¡һǰסǲɫռ䣬һӱһǿ˺ѣ͸ڰ˲ʧ޳ʱоѹʧ˲Ȩ
ڱ﷢һͺ𣬶Ӽ֮ܵ
Ҹ㶴үүԣǻˣ۵ϵţȥֺЦ
ģһ£ǿϲԭ
޳֪ǺηʥܲܹоɢǾ̰ȻҪõġ
ɱ޳˫һŶķһ򵥴ֱĶˣ޳ŹĶ˭
д⣬ޱ˵
͸׼ˡԪ˵ŽһŷǳŨ৵һע뵽޳ʶС
񫣡ͻȻܵյУһڣһڽ˽ȥһʳһһ̣ڱһŨ̹⣬һŷʯͷһ㣬һȾʶ
ںϣĺһ
޳ǴʲôҲźһںϣ
һ̣޳ʶУɫͻȻ佫еĹâǹâĵ̹һӽƬռ䳹׵ĳ
һ˲ɫŵĽٴοʼ֣ȴǸ̹⻺͸ȥ޳ȵطֹâȻںϣ
ʵ̫˼ˣâȻܹںϣ
ټֹ֡һȻ޳ľȷǳĲмǴʱڽҪͷҲҷģһĽڵ֮ɢ
¡¡޳ڷ˷츲صı仯ʶУҲʼһĳɳ̡
ʶУɫ硢źͶĵ׵ں˳ľشȫ
ɽľޣЩȻڵľﾹȻ޳ʶзɿֳǹɿ˳ľһ³޳ȥһ˲䣬޳ֻоԼڳ޾ǿģһݽߵԴȪɢӴơ
⡭ԪҲһ£û뵽޳ʶоȻᷢı仯һʱ죬ʧȥ˼Ҳ֪⵽ôһ¡
ǰı仯Ȼǿϲɺصģ˵аһ
ɱ޳ͻȻۣ̹⣬̹һ֣ͽĿռ֮׵޳͵һһӴ̹⻩һ³չȥ
Ǽڤĵı֮ʱһЩ̹糱ˮһӣ֮һֹͣǿռŤ֮ǹҪӶȫֹͣˣ
ôܣ﷢һ̾һ̣㳹׵뵽ĬС
޳˿ֹˮؽڵӴһ̣ûκܹɣƬռ䵱Уȫֻʣ
ЩԿӣֻܳʱͱ
ɣԪ૵ɰû뵽Ϸ֮ȻܹһžȻа
Ԫ鼤Ҫᣬ˿ֻһ޵壬Ļ¼
ʹļģģҲ֪޳һͻش֪⵽ζʲôԿ϶Ժ˵Ȼо޴İ
СӣƬռ䳹׵ɡԪΪ޳
ǲκԪؿܲ˲
޳ıۣʱ˼άֻʣܵһˣ׽ЩĴɢ
ﶼӲ۾ֻҪһ˿֣׼ȷؽǿסȻǿǳײ
ǳ׵ĳĸԸس޳ӿ
Ԫ޳Ŀڡ
ԪѾ׼ãһ¾ͽԪ򿪣׵ĽЩصԪء
¡¡¡¡һһ޴ĺЩȪӿϵĳ޳룡
ûзûзûȺû˥ˣЩرĹ˳һԵ뵽޳ڡ
޳ֻоڵԽԽǿҪľһ㣬Ԫյٶѹܹĳ֮
أأżغ޳Լ
޳һһವһע뵽ʶУĶʱ˵ſ죬ʼƴ
һЩ϶޳ͻȻ
һ£ȻЩ˵ֹһСԵ㶫Ҫָ˼ңɫѵļһ
˵ô˵ǽһС뵽ڳ˯е϶ڣһһ߶޳˵ɲСܲסôȻʵ䷴
޳û˵Ҳ֪ҪһλѵãҲðաǶĺò׼Ũҵ֮
һʱ޳һ޴©һƴܵԪͶĽЩԼڡ
ԪЦòҪϲ£죬ôҪˣǱ󵷹ļһҪѪˣԭҪһʣû뵽Ȼ˷۱
ʹı﷭˰ɣԪЦֻվԭϿȡЦܳȥȻǲ֪ļһطǿǿ޶޲ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһռ䵱еǰɽǾõ޳һͬȹϵһ㡣
𳤷۲һ£ֻؿռ䵱еϢѾƽϢ̽鿴˺þöû״
޳СӦѾɱˡ𳤷жʱһϲתͷһǰɽǣһĨ
Եļλҵʾһ£һȺĵĳǰɽΧ˹ȥ
֨֨֨СǾǵĶƴŤתţǰɽʾ
ҪʲôǰɽĿŽ𳤷ǡ
𳤷ȴЦһ£̬ȷǳǫͣ˵ĻȴͬԵʲôֻϴѵѵǶء
˵ţǰɽǷӦͳһֻһĶǰɽǹ˹ȥ
ǰɽеĶʱɫһ޶
¿Ǻˣ


1504 
СģǰɽγһԲȦҶɫصĿǱȹĽ𳤷硣
ʱ𳤷еֻɢŵѹȻͬûȫƶ͸һַǳǿѹȸУǰɽǲҴ⡣
ǣǰҪ޳ЩߣԥĳǰɽԷγһԲȦԷһ
ǰɽǸжģԭûģϾ𳤷ֳʵȻﾳ֮ߣ˵һصĴǰɽǷǴ򲻹ˣЩ߲Ҳڻҵġ
ǾȻ˵Ľûнǰɽ֮ȻǵΪߵҲֻﾳĶΣڽ𳤷ǰѹ
Ҫ֪ΪԽߣҪһСԽѣοһ󾳽һϲ֮Ĳ죡⵱п֮ģ𳤷һƾܹȫĳ࣡
λչ˵ĶεǰͷСɺëͼСǷҺ˽йǰɽ۲һԼⷽƣɿز
һҪǲеģֻȺսȻߵڶ࣬һ𳤷ܹȫʤǣСǣһһŭΪȡһ˿ᣬʱﾳĶεǰͿҵĻˣ
һСɵγɣ߻л֧һģֻҪܹŵ޳Ǿͺˣ
ǰɽжᶨ޳һǵģ
ģͲļһ𳤷翴ǰɽǵľٶЦ˵ȴޱȡ
ǶɱˣһҪǶɱˣԱ߷ŭغɳޱȣһ˿ղѾͼҪָòŬתȥ˿̼ҪԸǰɽǣʱ˲ѡ
ǽ𳤷ȴ΢΢üͷһģԼҪϼʮ̫ŽԼζԽܣ
ǵô˵棬Ҳô˿̶ԽЩʲôתеķŭȫת޵ǰɽϣһ´߶ޣǰɽǾͺ˹
սһڶռĽصսŲѡ
ֻؿռ䵱У޳ɴڲϵ״̬ʱɢһõ̹⣬ס
Щ̹ԴԴϵڣŵʶȥԪͶĹ๾ţĶܳˣʵζܣ
޳ܣǳһƬնһƬԶԶȥһƬռ䵱طǺڰֻ޳һƬɢ̹⡣
ˣСӣһǸǰɣȻռˣʱǻǳ鷳Ԫ鿴ˣ޳˵
޳۾סֹͣգһܵԼҲһ
һռ䶼տˣʱֻʣܵıԵһ㵭طѾ׵Ŀˡ
Ȼô޳ԼЩţ⾹Ȼġ
ǰôԪЦ˵㻹ԸһЩŶ
޳һ£ǸֳһĨЦݣԪ˵ವһ¾ʧƬռ䵱Уһǳڵһռ䵱У
дصֳˣȴܻ
޳һЦȻŶ˵ɻԺóԵġ
ˣԻʱ㽫֮Ķɢһ̹ɫ߽淢ɢǿ
һ޳߾γһУܵϵĳӿ롣
һͣĺԪյĶҪˡ
ԪԪеı仯Ц춼ϲ£ˣʱԪе·ԽԽԪڱԭЩǳģϸҲʼֳ
ҪԪмѣڴһܹԪһѾ˺ܾúܾá
ôһġ޳ĬĬ˵һԪѼ㹻ܹ뿪ʱһս磡
ǡԪôһ仰ѾĲ֪ɵȻ۲Ϊ
ǧ㣬㵽޳Ȼô̬Ϊ裬ԪĶûйǰı̬գ޳ԿĲ˰ȫࡣ
ԭƶ޳ǲǸŹֵԲŸĿŵعǣһʧˣʱ޵Ѿ֪ܵʲôط
޳Ųô࣬ʱеյòˣһ£Ȼʼȥǰɽǡ
СӣǵԪ֮ȥ򿪿ռ䣬ȻⱡһƬռҪȫˡԪЦ˵
ǺòײŸռһǣҪ޳һȭͷȥˣɲǷֺ
޳ͷŵٴαԪ֮ƿرǰǿࡣ
ƣָɫâ֣ವһγһǹ֮ռʱڳһ󶴡
޳ವһ´Ƕת룬ֱֱĳ·ȥ
˳ˣϷͻȻһ
޳ǰɽǼĻϴϴˣ
Щ׷޳ȫ˷ܵĲˣеϲ
޳廹û䣬ǰɽٴκϴ󣬿ҪŲסˣСǿʩչŭסܲܶһᰡѹ򣡡
޳ڳռһ̣Ѿ̽ȥ鿴ܵʱһ޴ѹǰɽͷϣۿžҪˣ
أ
붼δ룬̺ͳͳͳ̴˹ȥǺηʥҴ
޴ײһռ𣬶ֻ̾Ȼ޳ش䣬Ա߳ȥ
һĻʱôҾԭأǽ𳤷ǣǶԿǰɽǣ޳Ϊˡ
⡭⻹ϴǲͻҲ̫̬˰ɡǰɽ״εؽ
޳Ҳ̫ˣȻһȭ˶ֿס㾹ȻһȭˣſˮðŽǣҪιȥĳ嶯˸ҽˡ
ޱ޳һһˣͬʱٵС𳤷жʱͬǦһ㣬ޱȣʶؾͽ˻Ȼڱܵɫһ䣬޳ЦСֵû¾ͺãû¾ͺã
費ҪٶҲ̫˰ɣǰɽмĵһۡ
ǰһһɱĲΪ˵ӣ˿̼޳־ȻЦݣǻһһĵģ˶
ǰɽĻ𳤷ȷʵɫ䣬ЦøӵĲµĴһ޳˵Сֵܻ⣬ܹӸղǾ޴Ŀռ֮ѳȻӢ۳갡ϷˣԺ¾ǵˡ
Ϊǰɽ໥һۣӶԷп˲á
ǰɽŽ𳤷˵峤˼ǣǰҪɱǵһʹˣ
ᣬᣬǰϷⲻֵܿϧ𣿶Ǳ߳û꣬һҪѵһ£ֵܼȻѾˣҪѵԼµԼɡ
̸ܣǰɽһĻʱûðɣ˵Ϲ۾գһ£Ķ˵ɻˡ
ǰɽҪȥˣ޳ȴͻȻ˵Ȼû¾ͺãǰ߰ɡ
ǰɽһ£ȴͻȻ䰲ղŷ޳еһĨԼϴΪǳǲʱδ
Цһ£ǰһһĵ𳤷ļͷЦ˵ϴ˵Ķԣ߰ɣ˵кüأ峤λ̫ҪôãӸǣǲðɣ


1505 δռ
ƵĽһǰɽ仰ʱɫ䣬Ǵ˿ޱȣɫͻҲ˿ֻܴǵ˫͸ôһ˿΢׺ܹķŭ
ᣬ˻ʹĿŽ𳤷磬ϣܹԼ
ԭҪɱǰɽˣǾһǲ֪ðĴ󶦣Լ⸱ģڣǾȻվǰʵȥ
һý𳤷һŭŭ䲻ʵڲӦ𳤷Ůֲܵô˵˵ĹϵֻŭŽԵ˵ľȴС￪
ҲߣƾʲôҪߣͻȻһغ뿪Զûϣˣ͵׵ˣЩǶģԾҲҪȥ
ο⸱ģȥҲǱЦ
㻹Ӷ˶ò𣿡𳤷ͻȻҲƲסŭŽʹ˸ɫԵ˵ȽСͳȥһͷٸ㡣
ǣסľͷǳȴĽĳͷûбôС㣬Ҷȵص֮󣬵ȴľֻ·һ
ΪҵʿľѾ׼ʱҪһ񣬾ǽȥ˽һѿͿʼҿռȥ
ôҼЦˣСŮˡ𳤷Ц˵Цȴ͸һɺ⣬˶óжôĲ졣
󣬽ҵЩҲɫҶڲ²Ȼ޳Ѳ˸ϵȻûȷеָ֤޳λֳʵľҶʱ鷳
˺ƺƵĳǰȥ޳󣬲ûĶֻǰظŴҶѡ
ϴڸղŷʲô飿ǰɽս޳Сʵ
Ѿص޳ڣ޳нղռ͸ǣǼӿٶ
޳ǰɽһۣûлش𣬶ʵҵﾳεߣ㵹ǳˡ
ǰɽٺһЦ˵۸ͷˣôҲеְɣܸ㶪ǲ
սŵĲ޳͵ĵͷһζսˣôʱȻҪ
Ȼǰռ䵱ֻһƳɷǰɽǵսСӵгˡ
õ޳Ŀ϶ǰɽʱҪѾԭ޳ƽߡ
޳Ѿɳǰɽĵز޳Ѿӣ
ûʲôüʵģЩʱ㲻òϣЩߣе˾ΪЩ߷ģǰɽ֮һ
ϴ˵ʲôղǲͻˣǰɽô鿴첻޳ΪֻƤʵ
޳λϵѾЩһˣղǿռ䵱УǾر顣
޳ЦЦû˵Ҫ֪ղռ䶼ˣҪС𶯣ɲôҶעԼ
ˣһ㣬˵ĿⶼЩߣó۹⿴
˶֪֮ǰֻؿռжôĿֲ˾ȻĻˣƺ;״̬Ȼӵĺˣʵ̫̬ˣ
ǰţǰһͣ
͵һת˫ַһǿƣ৵һ¾ͳ
λǰʲôһߵֵһߺ
˾ȻǷ˷һ㣬ͻȻ
λǰȴû˵ͻȻЦһЦһ߿ԼƣȻ͵ĴһԼ壬ڼԼһ
ҶƲѣûãǰ⼸ҲͬĶȻ˶
ô£޳󣬴ʱȥͷǰЩһĿʼ÷żŶԷһ£ֻԽԽͣ˾Ȼʼƴ
ӭδռ䡣Ǹصٴ𣬴ʱȴǴһɺεļЦ
Ÿһ֣ͳʧˣ޳Ҫȥ׷٣ȴһ
δռ䣿ܹ뵽δ޳һ
ƳۿЩǣԽԽ߿ʼ໥
޳ˣüͷһסҪǰߵǰɽϵǿˣ
ǿϴ˼˵ǵΪˣǰɽʵ
ߵĻҲͬʱǰЩ˻һȻǻȻһ㣬˵ؽûҷҵΪˣԭΪҲͻˣȻڲ֪ʵķԾ
ţҲͬĺ˵ǿˣеһС磬м䲽뵽۷壬еֱӿԽһ󾳽磬ﾳһ뵽ΣеĴӶ뵽Ρ
ôһ£ǰɽǰһͬʱǵҲǿˡ
ϴо𣿡ǰɽתͷ޳
޳ʱɫЩأڼظ֪Լڵı仯ǰôڵԭʹ÷ǳˣ˿̾ȻҪͻƵļ
Ծ޳Լ
ȷʵҪСĵ㣬δռ䣬Ҳ˵ǽﵽ̶ֳȻռǰչֳԪѵ
޳ͷҲеè壬ռ䲻֪£ڵһֵٶ˲ͬ޳Ŀ֮Ҫǿ࣬ѹţûֱͻƣиоǹҪͻƵļѡ
̫ˣϴҲͻơǰɽ˵
ѹƣϸظĳ޳ɿ˼һ£˵
ǰɽͷǳ޳˵±㼫ѹ
߼״Ҳ׷ѹ޳ٶģǾȻ˵ֻ˸ӲҴ⡣
ȻҶҪͻƣл᲻к֢Ҷұ֤޳ᵽˣұ
ĹûдԪһ˵ռһֻҲһΣһζ׷ٳɣͻƣȾͺ߻ħ֪ȴǵĻʲôһþ˶ꡣ
û޳еͷǹǵһ㣬ԲŲôҼͻơ
ȷҪƵĸſͻƣԼûУա
ǰͻȻһХһӴ৵һ¾סǵƬռ䡣
޳ɫһĿವһ³ȥֻ𳤷ڿУͷϷƯޣʱһλһ㿴޳ǡ
Ƿһȴ벻ͨҪˡǰɽŭĽ𳤷磬м˵
˻ȥ޳ɿԼǿԿƣǰɽǴ뵽δռ䵱սʱһƲסڵͻңֻܹ˻صԭȵĽأԿ϶ڻصǵط֮󣬽𳤷Ҳ˻
ǾҪתʱǸصٴ𣺡Ҫȥûţͺúδɣ
ģ⵽ǺηʥǰɽһתͷѾɿĳ嵽ǰĽ𳤷磬ɫøѿ
үүģȻֱͻƵﾳ߶ΣҲ̫˰ɣ
߶ΰϴ󵽵ܲܳŵס


1506 ǿϮ
·ţе·ˣǸڱȻ޳Ƭش׵ķˡ
ʱ޳վԵһƬռ䣬ȴҲ޷ǰһ
޳ɣҵĶԹվһ˽ᣡ𳤷޳ǵĽЦǲ
ǰﾳεȷʵ޳սΪ˵޳ܹԽ׶սʵﾳ߶Σ
ﾳ߶ΰǺεȵĸҲ˵ֻҪ磬ܹǰЩ˶ʱǣ
ϲͶԼǰ¶־ı飬ϲǿŲһǰȥһһ˵޳ЩҪ׷޳ˣҾǺϣ
˵͵һ𣬶һǿƻһ´ڴﾳ߶εչ¶
ʵʵﾳ߶ΰǰɽüĽ𳤷磬ͷģԭĳͻȻʵһ˵ʵȹ̣ϴǰѹֵһᡣ
Ǵ˿ǸоȴǷǳۻ߶֮ռʵ̫ˣȻ˵Ϊͻͽ
ģѵδ𣿲֪δﵽ־ءͣЩĽ˵
һ㣬ͻȻʵǲһŪþͻ߻ħΪô𣿡ǰɽΪһֱǷǳѵģ˿̼ͷȵ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ѣģѵĺܡ
ô˵ҲϹһ壬ô˷ǳء
ע޳ʱûǶི򵥵Ľһ䣬һӵǰֵ𳤷緢ĵһ
һǿķصײ޳ϣǻֱˡ
޳þȫſסΣȴԽĳ
ʵʵǰɽ˵û𳤷õδܹﵽʱǰ׵ѹǡ
Ԫ飬ûаգ޳жԪ˵
˵ԪɫҲ쳣أδռ䣬ǰõδܹﵽΪΪõģֻҪ뿪ռһֱڣԳڸһԵǿս
޳룬ٵע뵽ʶУϸĲ鿴һʶеƬмشѷҲδռ䵱УʶеҲǿ
ҲӰ쵽ˡͷһ£»˶߻ħ˿ƣ֮ɾΣˡ
㾡ƽ̬ռ䵱вӰ쵽ǲܵģĵһԾͳ׵ķſҪԼҸұ֤֮ûȣԲõ߻ħ
޳ǳ˳飬Щεʵڰο𣿡
Ԫһ£ȻЩȻؿһûлش
ķӦǡ֤ǰȷʵǺ˵ģ޳˽⣬ԲԪղŵĻ߻ħԸҲҴƱ
һлǵȵĵ˿ǰɽǵ󣬻ʩչԪ֮Ȼ֣ںϣγ
оöˡһ֣ǰɽǾ˿
ǰҪƴѹԼ緢ʵ㡣ʱ޳뵽Уѹʱ٣ǴȴɲҷɣĶųǲϿĽ𳤷硣
򶨵ĵˣ𳤷ҲҷɣĲ鿴һܵȵط޳Ȼѹ緢ʱ˿ȥʵɱȹﾳһΣϸ۲죬ѹᷢƱǰߡ
ߣȻ㲻룬ԼߣǾԸҵҪƾﾳһθҿ⣡
˵ţһ߿գƳһţһĿ৵һ³ģڹȥֳһֻɫ̡
̲Ÿһ֣һޱȲãƺȻǿѹ˲佫ضҪ
޳˫һ͵һ𣬽ע뵽Уֿš
ϴ㲻ù˼ǡǰɽǰһȻͳĵעһɽһγһɽģ
ǰɽ˿ĭģ˴ƣٺһЦҧгݵؽվǿҼ洫ıֵмһȫͲβǣ
Уһźâ֣ʮɫ޳ҫ£ֳһƬѤõĹ⻪һ𺱼ϡŹֵķ͵Ȼ֡
Ķߣûһ˿̴Ҷȫ˳˶ٱ
ǵġ޳ǰɽǵľٶǰοһգڿն𣬳Ž𳤷˹ȥ
Ƚ𳤷Ȼһƾܽǰɽǳ׺顣
𳤷Ŀԭ޳˷ܵӭȥǰɽǣֻҪ޳ЩСආʰ
ҵ߼״ǳǰɽ˹ȥʱδռ䵱ս𱬷߽
޳ʲôȫʹɣϷ򲻸𳤷Ŀվǰˣм˵
У޳һ֮˶ѣʱԭԼֵ˿ģ
޳ɫأûĻһһӴƣȴûͳκη
Ԫѹûһܹﾳ߶εıαضһ٣
Сӣ־ȻֿȭǾϷ㵽кͣ𳤷޳ı֣ʱƣһףһƣͬһתһ㳯޳˹
ãҫأ֮·ֻʣһ㣬һУ֮ҷ
ǿƣⶫʲôͷ޳һæԪͬʱĻܴ߷ǿĳ̶ȣɸо޴ǿѹ
ޣ˵һ̣ȴ̺֮ƣԪصġԪҲû뵽޾Ȼڽ𳤷ϡ
Ҫƽ⣿޳޲Ϥν֪֪˲ܰսʱҲ˲ʲôӣʡ
ԾԵ⡣Ԫֻ˵һ仰ȴһʵʵڵĴϻ
㲻˵Ҳ֪޳ЩԵȻѹƣǹؼھҲܿﾳ߶Ρ
ô࣬ס˵ģҲͻƣ߻ħ߻ħһỤǰСӵġԪνؽ
˵ġ޳ƺڵ仰һ䣬˷Ž𳤷ͳ˹ȥ
СӣأԪ鵱㲻֪ԪүԪô𣿿ɲʲô߰˶ܹģѵǰǻ˺ôһŽԪ޸á
߶ûûˣ޳ɴཫȫ£Ԫ˼ԪᱻȾԸǰɽղŲŹʾ˿̼þգﻹҷϻ
޳֣ҾͿӲӵһ̣
𳤷˵ţ͵ڿնһˢһ³棬ҽڵıǣ֮ͳһСɽģһۻĽƵ䣬޻һ𣬼һƬõڹ⡣
޳ɣŽ𳤷һȣ޴Ӵѹ֮·ɿתһ쫷˲޵γɡ
ӿ޳ƶȻֱꡣ
似޳͵һû뵽⿴͵ޣȻһ깥
ǿ룬𳤷ӲЦˣⲻ깥Ҹľѹƣ


1507 ǿ߳
¡¡δռ䵱гһ޴ĺ¡һƾն֣ͬһŴһ㣬ڿд۸ӵĽ֯
¡¡ԽԽ죬֮䣬ⷽصֻʣ׶ЩҲԽԽԽԽܼƬģȫ˴Ŀĵ磬һλ߲СıУ֮ͻ˻ҽ
ǿжһ£û뵽޵Ȼǿ󣬹ȻǶտʼ˴Ӱ죬Ĵ߶ⷽռ䲻Ҫסˣ
ûǾԵѹƣԵĿƣ֮ⷽҾߣ𳤷ͻȻЦ޴ޱȣ¡¡Ĵÿһ˵ͷ
峤䣡нȫź
޵УЩ޳߶ʱشΪ޳˽սƴľһƣʵԽ˲Ʋܶ
𣡡޳͵رһŭһɰƴʶһ³չȥ
޳͵һȣͬһֻչĴһ㣬ˢһ³ſȥ
ı罻֯ɫӰγĶԱȣ˶һѺ޳Ҳ˻ҷɡ
Ǿ޳ҪӽЩʱһӴһչֵס׵Ĺ
ɱ˼״ʱƴ񣬺ɱ죬ҵЩ׷սһ
ܳŵʲôʱ򣿡𳤷˫һУ̧ţֳص̤¡
¡¡޴ӴޱȵĿ⵱Уһ³չȥЩڿеʱͻȻת䣬һ³޳˹ȥ
޳˫һ͵һٵĴ˫֣һչͷ͵һ𣺡ںϣ
ֻһ̹һ´ʶѸײڶ֮ƣһû뵽֮ڡ˲ѣԭЩ͸ĵɫͻȻͬȾɫһ㣬һӱñͬʱĺҲԽԽǿ
˼𳤷һ䣬̧سţ̹ʱͬˮһ㣬سӣһǲ޳޲ĳӡ
顪ڹ޳ײһ𣬷ҵײ
Χ˶ʱʹıסͷײȫʹѵʵ̫ˡ
˽ɫͶġԭһǳ깥ټ޵깥Щ˵һ̡
ÿ˶ͷѣеڵϣռδ֮׿ƣڵıǣǵȴܵص˺һС߻ħ
Сˣǧģǰɽɫһ˺ͬʱĵϣŬĿܣԱСǺҲİȶĵϡ
ɽȻֻǰ׵ȴԽģЩǰɽڲϵȻﲻһˮ׼ǱǰѾ˳Ľչ
˿˵ĺƶ֮£ĵϲϵıǣγһǿϣ˶õһ˿Ϣ
޳˿Եĵ˷ǳǿǰɽֻܿԼģ˶ǳޱؽݴ˳
ס񡣡޳ƼѾ߻ħǰɽǽ
֪ϴԼСģǰɽɿĻش𣬶صֿܲϮ깥
˶ܹѣ𳤷ѾۣޱֳĻҪܲѡ
ڰ˳ɵȫע뵽޵Уùâͬˮһ㷺ģ޴ѹչ޳ҵײ
顪ײԽԽ죬ԽԽ̶ʹصأҲ֧ŲסҪôδΪ֧Ųס߻ħɱҪôֱӱž޴깥׻顣
ԽԽϾ޳ͷҲЩż
Уҵýջ޳Ԫ˵Ȼȥ˶Ųȥ
Ԫ˵ɵˣһЩͻֱӵϡ
޳üҧ˵ܲôˣҪǿ
Сӡ
Ԫ黹ֹͼ޳ͻȻ佫һգȻ͵򿪣ȫ˻
ڡ֮䣬ϵͼٵﾳһΣ۷壬۷壬ĶΡΡ߶Ρ
ģǣ˵۾Ķֱˣ޳ϵƾȻһ޵׶һǣﾳ߶۷塢˶ΡŶΡ
ҪֱͻƵ쾳ɣ˾ס۾ǣ˶޳ǼһµĴ˵
̫˼ˡǰɽ㶵վԭأ͵һĴȣЦˬϴͣģһ߻ħˣһӵ÷ɿ죬Բɱģ
ֲǵһμ޳߻ħˣѾһЩ˿ֻ޳ɱ˽𳤷ļһ
ﾳ߶ϴҪôǣ
ᡪ޳ϵûͷԽԽǿҪͻƵ쾳磡
޳룡𳤷һ޳ӣͷ͵һȻ붼û룬ͳ˹һҪǰֹȻͻƵ쾳磬ǵȴԼһ֮֡
Сˣ֣ǰɽһ𳤷ľٶüëҪȥȴСһһҵס
侲ǰɽ˵ڹȥ𳤷һƾܹ޳ģģ޳ڵƣǼһȥǴġ
û˵꣬ǰͷʹһʹĺֻ𳤷˫֣ȥ
һѪӿ˶һ˫ѾʧֻͷϢǰ˲١
ǰɽһʱЦ͵ʴ׵ļһȻҪȥ͵Ϯµˣ˰ɡ
𳤷ŭĶ޳ʹ޵òˣֹȴôҲңʱ޳ɢһɲõĽ⣬Ʊˣ˿á
޳ϵڲϵѾ˰벽ˣ
ƷǵûмԽԽĻҪͻƣ
ǾڴΪ޳Ҫһͻƶ쾳ʱͻȻƬռ䵱гһĲǳˮͻȻһӿವһѸ˳һ㡣
ô£ǰɽһ⣬ŵĿܣΧʱʱƿڴ
˵δռôôƣ͸ˣʲôûǮׯⲻǴ
˭뵽޳ҪͻƵʱռ֮ڵȻͻȻ䲻ˣȻҶ֪쾳ǳ޴󣬶쾳粻ܹģδռδҲ̫С
޳ҲЩЦãԭѾͻƵ׼û뵽Ȼؼʱֹͣˡ
ԣСĵ㡣ԪȴͻȻѵ
Ļ˵꣬δռ䵱ͻȻһͬһеһ㣬Բ߳޳ע
ǿ޳һɳѸ͹Ȼޱȵǿ󣬻δоڵϸԾ
Сŵ㡣Ԫ鲻ĵ˵ʱͻȻֵʵ̫죬ڷǼ鼴ɲΪⱳٿص˻ôġ
޳ԵͷѾëͷСӣΪǰԻ󣬵Ҫֹǹ룬ȴͻȻڿնһӾͽ׵İΧˡ
޳͵һͬʱʶеĶҲ˷ܵش
ϤúóԣҪԣ
ɣ
޳δüֹСһ͵ſ죬ȻԼٶȶЩ


1508 ȫ
ԻıֻҪгԵľͲΣգܵвڶĵľٶ޳ֻ̾ϢҪֹﻹü
أóԣļĶҪˣһ߳һߺ
СӣҪֻԼ԰޳ԪͻȻе
ƾʲôҵģ͵һ𣬳Եٶȸˣǲ¶һ֣һ㡣
˭ģû޳ܹ֪ôҪһֶҪöꡣԪ鲻˵
ǲǲҳҳܲܺһ㣿Ĳ˵
ԪүҲˣø㽲˵ĵ壬ҲˣһռûȨԼ˵㽫˴ˣȻҲ
ʱԪͻȻһһ㣬ϣŵöһһ㶵ġ
Сһﲻ鲻Ը³һƹ⣬ע뵽޳ľС
̫ˣ˽أҽͶ뵽Ԫг׵ˣ̺ԪҲܹգԪ鲻в
ķŭһҲ˽أ¾ͽյһֲע޳
޳ûзԣȷʵҪղǿҪͻƵĸозǳļһȴΪһҪᣡ
޳㵱ĵ㡣Ԫ޳Ѿʼһεͻƣѵ
֪޳صĵͷԼڵľԾԲԼģͿúֻܵһֶ쾳ľѣΣԺͻҲһĺô
㽫չٵƲıǣһĽͿʼͻӴѸٵתƱˣҪͻˣ
ϴͣǰɽǶŵĿ޳һҶʱ޳ϵܵδ֮ⷽռ䶼ѹȥˡ
˶ֹͣսֱ㶵Ŀǰλ֮١
Ǽ֤һ漣һ㣬˶Ϣӣһ˲˲ص۾
ᡪ޳ϵƷɿͬð̵̴һֱ
еƴﵽһ֮һӴһ´޳ڱ
ͬһɺХƲɵ֮Ƴӣ츲أһжѹ֡
СģǰɽƵֵ޳߷ʵ̫ˣһСľͻᱻ뵽ٲС
𳤷Ҳ߶ޣɿˣǰλ˶ʵ̫ǿˣͻȻЩ󱲡
һ̣ͱԹס޳һ㲻ú
Ľʺޣڽ𳤷飬δռ䵱Уƴȫֻܴﵽﾳ߶Σ޳ȴɾҪͻƵ쾳磬˱ˣ
䡪
һ죬޳ϵڳױһѹһӽ޳Χס
ѹȴûж޳κ˺֮޳ںһһ޳ڵ
Ƕ𣿡˶㶵Ŀ޳𾪵˼㡣ʱ޳ûһɢѹ˺ѡ
ԣûֹͣͻȻָ޳ڵķ򺰵
ֻ޳һ㵭̹⣬ѹŸһ֣ವһû뵽޳ڣ޳ܳһС
ӿķǳٶȽϿ죬ĳ׵ķ
¡¡¡¡ܵϵӣ˶ʧȥ˼һ㣬ɵɵվԭأȫҪȥܡ
Ҫͻƣ˲źöҪ޳ˣǺεȵ𾪣εȵ˼ǰλ˻
ᡭ޳ϵȴӣԪ鶼һֵʵô£
ղסˡ޳ݷ³һ仰Ҳûжش𣬴ʱȫעڵı仯֮ϡ
ʱͬһһ㡣ڼٵӿһһӴƲϵĴ߷ֱʶȥ
ʹȫƲסƲϵӣȻĻҪͻƣ
ģ˳ԵʲôԪವһƮԪ޲ýǸ̰Եļһһ٣ǾҪ޳ʶȥʱȴһǿ赲סˡ
Ԫһż޳ʱڵѹƲסˣƲϵصҲܹ嵽ʶȥ
һ̣ЩίĺҽޱĴݸ˵ҡҲĻѡ
ʲô㲻˵㽫ԼҲȥ˰ɣ
ûôġǿ˺仰ʾ׵ġ
ԪһûȥģôôĶ
ҪˣǴʱҪ׷Ѿ޳ڵѾ׿񱩣ϵıǡ
ˡ޳Щε˵ѾͷֶĽڵ֮ȫע뵽ԼڣµãھţǻǿѹƣʱбΣա
Щȫڳʶȥʲôһ
±壬ЩܴԪڵֳܲܵ
ǰѾˣ϶ͱΪĺڤͻȻĻع飬ܲסܵشҴ⡣
治˵㾡Сŵ㣬ʶһСһӵ֮úãӦÿԻһЩ
Ԫ˵һ仰û˵ƬСԼȻǾȫЩˣܹЩȫգǰΣա
޳ҲǳĿǰƣ½εİסԼ꣬ҪסƬʶǲܵģֻȱסֻ꣬ҪڣͻһĻᣡ
¡¡
ǹƲɵڳ嵽޳ʶУһӴʱŵռķɴ
ǿԣҲܳ԰Ҫһᱻģ
Сˣס죬Ҫ˷ġԪ鼱æģһﻹæң
ģ㵽ȥ޳ͻȻŶ˵
ô죿ҪҰһЩؼʱ̵Щ
СޣڿɲǳԶʱ޳ĻԪ
Գ嵽޳ʶȥһ⵷ݺݵĴһ٣һʯͷҲ۽С
¡¡Щǿɲˣ˿̻һ¾ͳ޳ʶȥ
޳ֻо˵һһƬľ۷˲ʧȥʶ
Ҫˣؼһ̻ǽԼĿռ򿪣޳һȻʶûȫ¶Ҳ֪ЩҪ֧Ųסɢ
ֻһЩȫĳŲסȻͨһ䵽ɫ֮¡
ͬʱɫżرõĹâƬʶڽ֮¡
ǿϵײ˭ײ֮£һһ³ճȥ
ֻ޳ðһǿƣϵƲǡ
һסססǾĿһݣ죬޳Ӱǽ֮ϣһһϿ磡
һһһһףǣûһŪöΪ˺ֵز˶޷ŵĲˣǰһʵ̫˷˼ˡ
ɾһ̣ӷ˼ˣ˵ͫ׶͵һ޲ýӶȥúÿ顣
ֻǽ֮ϣ޳ӰͻȻһͷӴ̺ǿ
ǰɽǵĲ˲۾ŵĿǰһУ˵Գϴ˾Գ


1509 
վԳǺɫԳӦý£˶ˣŵĿǰһĻǷ޳廯һͷԳģ
ǻϸͼӰͻȻ˱仯ԭЩ͵Ӱһӱģֻһַǳҵĸܡ
޳ƵӣȴԽԽ˶ţ鲻Խعڵϣţ૵غţˣ
ôܣδռ䵱ͻȻһɻصٴγ֣ȻҲڹע޳ı仯˵ǰͻȻֵǿΪ
ԭֻ뿴޳ܲͻƵ쾳磬û뵽ȻῴһĻ
ôܣַһɻȻҲԼ
ʲôܣۼΪʵ㲻Լ۾𣿡ǰɽЦ
ߣһߣû죬ǴҶоܵգͻȻ˱仯һ㣬ϸһƣ־첻ﲻԾ
ٿ޳һߣϵڱǣǽݲ֪Ҫ쵽ʲôطȥһ㣬ֻٶȱԭҪ࣬ҪȻҿҪƵˡ
϶СĿռûˣϴŲܹͻơǰɽһࡣ
ֻоܵĿռͻȻһҵĲҲֻһ£ְȥ
ʱ޳˫Ŀţϸĸı仯ȫԼ統һһжоˡ
ʱֻо˷츲صı仯ԭЩѾͨϵΨһı仯ʶС
ʶоȻһ˿رʵģһȴȻ򣬸˵֮֮µ磬Ѿģ֪ʶȻΪһ硣
Ȼ򣬺Сӣû뵽ܹȻ򡣡ԪҲޱȡ
ʱ޳ڵǹѾ赲ʶԪ׾ٵعȥ޳ʶеı仯Եĸ̾ԼõģΪ޳ˡ
޳ҲЩܣ仯˵شʼʶǲ̲һ磬Ƕһ˵ӵźӣ
˶ãͻȻһֵһӰʱǵӰȻޱȣȴһַǳǿ
һЩģĲȷԼҵķӰǡ񣿡
񣿣ԼǸͷһӰ˵Ĺȥԭܹʩչ᲻̫ˣ
ǰӰĸоһõӰӶѣʵڵģޱϤһ
˵⵽һĸооôһͷ񣡲Ӱٻģԭʹһʱǡôĳ֣֤ؼĴڣ
ǡ޳͵صһԼеͷԼˡ
ǲͻȻƵ̫Щ߻ħˣ޳ʼЩԼڵʶǲѡ
ΪеǸͷ̫ˣڣУҲʮ֮ǰУҲ޹زŶԡ
еǸͷȴڸԼ
ôܡ޳ЩεҡҡͷԼһǷˣ
Сӣһ㣬ҲһжΡԪͻȻ
Σѵ𣿡޳ʵ³ǵһ㡣
Ҳ˵һַǳֵĸо㻹˵ôеأԪ˵˵ţȥ
޳ΪȣԪǲʶⶫΪԵʣ
Ԫһ£ЩԳЦ㵹ĺãΪҵԵʣҪڻ𣿡
һϵĴڣǽģԪȻǵùȥԸܵԸҲԸ͵ģֻһѣ͸Ĵڣ񲻿ԡ
˭ģ
ԪĻ޳ҲĬĬĵͷѵԼ𣿿վŵô£
ǻϸ룬ǾͻȻವһû뵽ڡ
޳ֻоԼʶбһҵ죬һӴ˲佫ס
һ̣ͻȻо֮䶼Ľһ㣬һµƺȻΨҶĸо
ãؾ֣һֺεȵǣ޳Ҳղˣʵ̫ˣ𺳵ǣȻڡ
ôܣռ䵱еǸٴһûǰ򶨣Ǳ׵ŭˡ
˾ͷռ䵱ͻȻһŤ֮ವһһͻȻ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣһת뵽˽𳤷ڡ
ԭΪ޳ǿƶµһߵĽ𳤷磬˫ͻȻĹâƶ˷츲صı仯
壿̫ˣǰɽۣҪȴ𳤷һ֣һ罫ɨһߡ
Ҫν𳤷絭ؽѾȻǰռ䵱еλ
ɣǰɽҧҧ޲ȥ˴򣡿ɺֻһԸż
޳㵽˭𳤷ǰһʱѾﳹռݵ壬˵ĻĶѾԼ
޳ڸﴫǹǿէȻ𳤷˺һŷӦ
üͷ΢΢һ£ʱĽ𳤷ĸоǰ˺ܴĲͬϸһʱ󾪡
޳ɫһŽ𳤷˵ͷ¶βӢۺúռķ㶨ģҪԼĹ𣿡
Ҳ˵ϹҶģҪȻҵġ𳤷ŤŤͷνؽӿȥһƦ
޳㲻ٽ˽˷ѿ࣬ʱڸڵı仯̺һɷǳǿǳԽ쾳Ĵڡ
ȴС͵˴·ĸоЭȻڣȴΪá
Сӣ㵱һЩҪˡԪţͬʱѾ߶Ԫٲչʱ׼Ϊ޳
Ǹܵ޳ǵľٶ𳤷ͻȻͷЩɻĿ޳
˺һҲ̫ˣѹͲԼġ
޳û˼ȥڽʲôʱȫ񶼳ʶС
ǹʶɫŷţھҵصֿţ߷ƴ޳дܳ޳Ǿײġ
ʱѾٴλص޳ڣЩ߷ǳֻػصڵ޳һѭϵͳһ㣬ȥٴֻصֳʶȥ
ѭĽǣƲϵȻҪϳ
̫ˣǰɽѾ֪úԼеĸд޳ʵ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ǲñԾ֪ˡ𳤷ͻȻһЦ͵һѸٵĳ޳˹
ٶȷǳĿ죬κȴܹһӾ޳ǰһֻƸ߸ߵ̧𣬶ʱͬһ޵һ㣬޳ض
޳Լһˣ˫з⡣
ռһһȣͬһ⽣һ㣬ֱֱسŽ𳤷Ƴȥ


1510 ̽
䡪ֻһ޴ײܵĿռ缱ӿ죬һ˶΢΢һ
˶ˣ޳ںεȵزƣֵεȵĵز˾Ȼ˸ƽ֣
ңһ֧Ųס˸̾ʱУ޳ѾǷˡ
ҿҸطɣͻȻһƬռҪ׵Ļˡ
ûҸȫĵطǰɽ޳ӣʱǼˣҲֻƽ鷳ѣõİ취ԼԼ
û飬ҿٵĳԶȥȥеطδռ䣬Ҫ˵֮ǰֻؿռͨѾա
ǰɽǻҪֵδռ䵱еԼٵı֪̿ǳļѣ˭Ը޳鷳ܵԶ롣
СӣȽԪͻȻ˺ݣ֪Ϊʲôλصıٿ߷ǳķУʱ뽫Ļɢ
ᣡ޳ͷ͵һ𣬶˵һ³
ʱһ̹⽫ס̹ǵɫģȴڼ̵ʱԽԽŨīɫ
̹̺żǣ𳤷һ飬㱻̹ȥĲ鿴һ£ȻͻȻ˫ĹâмغһΪСԼԭֻǼٽֶ֮ѣģ
ĻһԱЩѰҶ֮˶ʱһ㶡
ôܼٽ˵޳ǺôŪ٣
һʱҶЩܲˣ޳ʱһߴޱȵһĴڣŪٵСˡ
޳ȴվԭز⣬Ҳϣǽ𳤷޹һ㡣
壬ûҪȥʲô
ǽ𳤷Ȼֹڴˣ޳ϸĹ۲һ£ӵĲǺεȵĴڣ㵽ʲôڣղҲ΢һ̽ջ㣬û뵽Ȼϵˡ
˶ͻȻЦ޳û뵽ɣص˳ССȴЩԿ
ں˵ʲôϴˣǰɽ
ʵ̫ɶˣȻ޳ˮ
Ҫ֪ϾһĴڣȻ˶һ˵ȴû˸ÿһλжһݵż񣬶ˡ
Ȼ˶ⲻܣȴϣ漣ĳ֡
ǰ޳ıôҴΪ𾪣ԭΪ޳ĳϵȥ޳һӾͱˡ
Щ˽޳Ϊ˵ߣѾ
ǲҪϴԲˣһ·ĶԼǰɽޱȿ϶˵
û˱޳ߵһ˶Ŭÿһ֮ͻƣ˿Ѫڣ۲С
ӵ޳ˣϻԼ
ⲻ˵ģ˵ƾǵԼ۾񲻿ܴϣǰλ޳ղŵı˵ʲô
񣡿ô߾񣬾ȻΪĹߣǲŭ𣿲ӦΪֻع𣿡
һʻ˵ɫԽԽЩѾ׵ţʱŭĵ޳
ǰɽǶʱЩżЩ˶ĻǾͻǳΣա
ǲȥԸ޳Ϊѹڵ޳Ķ֣Щ˷Ըǣʱ޳ǻܵǣơ
ô죿ǰɽѹ
ɫҲǳأ룬ҡҡͷʾ԰꣬δҵڳסһӻ˵
ǰɽǵѡ˳ĬʱҪǿ޳ķӦ
ҵǲǼٽ֮Ȼ͸ʧɡ޳ģϿ飬̸һѡ
ý𳤷˫΢΢һ£û뵽˳ס
Ҫ֪ɲһ˿Դģǰܵλһ̵ľȡ
ʲôϵֱֳܱ飬ķӦֻ˵һԭͲ֪̲ôǿ
Ż׳һʣôҲ²ͬʱҲ̽һ޳޳ıΪ⡣
޳Ĳ֪񣬻ǹΪ֮
ʧɣ޳ͻȻڿն˫ǰ͵һΣһˢһ³ġ
ˮռһȫںһγһӴ
Ÿһ֣ɢǵƬضʱƱ仯ٴγ硣
һεĵǰøӵĿ̵ֲУһɹһ𳤷硣
ȥԪ˷ܵؽͬʱ޳⽫ԪеҲһ֣һԵش뵽޳ľС
ֻһ޳ವһͬһ̫һ㣬һ¾ͱըˡ
ǵصĳ½䣬ǰɽǶʱͷܣԹغϴɲǰк
Ԫ顭޳ΪεĺһԪ飬һҲ̫ˣһ˵ԼֵܿǺĪˡ
ȿȡԪЩڵĿ£Ҳû뵽ЧôǿֻܹС̫̬˰ɣ
ġ𳤷緢һ䣬Ȼй֮޲һעͱһ׹Уʱһ޴Ŀ
𾪲ѵǣ׹⵱̺һɼǿ깥ֱ֮ʶꡣ
Сӣ֣ﲢû޳ȻƿƬռķ򣬵ҲԼԭڣֻ̽һ޳ʵΪѡ
֪СӻôѲһעͳһƿ
Сӣˣ֮µһȻˣҪۣúõռɣ
˵ţವһ¾뿪˽𳤷塣
׷Ԫ鷢һȣ޳׷ȥ
޳û׷ԶͷͻȻһɹŤԭŵռͻȻ䷢˼ǿŤһӴʼѸٵת
޳͵һǸ޳ܵļһﾹȻһƬռ䳹׽ˣ
ɽǻԼ޳æ˵˿Ҳȥ׷֮Ҫסⷽռ䣬ҪȻȥ˶ҪԶġ
޳Ҹƴˣ𳤷ǰ˿壬ʶǴڵģ߷߲֮ʱ޳ֱӽеԹйϣһ¾ͳ˹
ͷɿתܵĿռҵĸѸ
޳˫һУˢһ¾ʹͬʱ̺ӴֱֱĳŽ𳤷ȥ
ֻһ⽣͸ܵŤ֮û𳤷һͫ͵طŴһ˲巢һı죬˲ͻѪ
ͷϵ޻һԭͨ˿̷һĺ⣬৵һ¾ͳ޳˹
޳Ƴһַۣɿָ̧⣬һ⣬ˢһ¾ͳ˹ȥ
飡ҵײÿռŤӵĿ͵һһ¾ͳƬܵŤ֮룬ʱʧӰ٣
һĻôҶܶˣ˶񿴹һ޳ʵ̫ˣǿǶ
ǰɽۣ޳ϴҲð
˼ѰŰȫ֮ʱǵͻȻһ˷˿͵ҡΣ˫Ŀɺ죬߻ħˡ


1511 ϶
ЦŤ֮Եñ̬ޱȣһλ׷ԲԵվŤռ֮ڣЦš
߸ߵľ˫֣һһðɢţ˫Ŀɺ죬һ˿ħţ˶Ϊʱɢ塣
ﾳ˶Σû뵽λƲ۵ߣȻȽ𳤷֮ҪǿδȻﾳ˶Σ
ҲͻȻõʵʧȥ̬ƽ⣬һСľͱа߻ħ
Ҳ޳ĵĵط¾̫죬ľȶ߻ħÿһ߶¼顣
Ϊһ߻ħͺѱҲǷˡ
λЦ÷ǳĲͬʱˢһ½ͷת޳˫Ŀɺضɱҽ峤޳ϷƲ
ҳ統У߲԰׵ͷķţһֻչĴһ㣬׺ݵĵһ˫ӥۣĿ˶Ҫ޳
ಣ˫͵سǰһģһ޵Ӱصĳ޳ѹ
һӾͽ޳ϿĶסˣƽ޳ȻܲסʱԼ֪״ﵽ˺εȵΪ
ֻ̧һֻƣһڣһವһӰײһ
ƺûзǵӰͼٵڣ֮䣬ʧӰ١
ϴ䣡
䣡
Щ׷޳˷ʱ˭޳ǲǽ˵վ߾һ񻰣ǵ˿Ϊ׷޳
ϷƴˣλҳϷ˷һĳ޳ȥ߻ħ߱ʵҪ࣬ʱҪͻﾳ˶۷ļ
ԱߵĿռŤ֮ԽԽǿ޳йŭžһ¾ͳ
ֻͨһλڵ߶ʱĵɢصС
ܵŤ֮ӷЦ
ֻǿʼúõҸ׼ɣ
Ÿһ£Ƭռ䵱ͬʱ˼к
˷ܵģģʹģһⶼǲģ޳͵һǶ߻ħˣ
˷ʹĺһͱͻȻ߻ħͬһΣеĵֵסǿŤ֮顣
ס񣡡޳ͬʱſԼ
Ҷǰɽ˺ĵѹŤĿռ䣬Ǵҷĳ޳ȥ
߿ﲻӭ㡣ͻȻһβͣһλҲҪûĽ˦һߣǳʱ̣ôΣշӽӽ޳ء
ǰɽСǱҲǰ޳¶һ˳ȥЩ˶˿Һǵ޳ģҪȻھˡ
ǣȾǰɣЩȥʹغܵŤ֮ʵ̫ǿˣǾ˳Ӧռδ֮ԼΪȫˣҲһֵܹסοҪ߻ħĿ飬˵̫пˡ
ǰɽǾԲЩ޳е˼뵽ǵУĿٵĳ޳ȥ
޳һƼң棬ҲɣһζȥЩһҪԼˣǰɽǹǽȻεķգڲκ˿
Щ߻ں˶ؿܵͬ鱻ռ֮飬һȥȴԹ޲κˣ
ϴûǰæģǰɽǳ뵽޳֮ѹʱС˲٣ʵ
γɹ޳˵
һ˵Ͼ޵ģܹ֧ŵһʱܳõ֧ȥܵŤ֪֮Ҫʲôʱõİ취ǴһŬ
ͷҶĴ߶û˸ұʱЭ
ᣡһ֣ں޳İγһƬǿĹ
޳ǽչڸղŵĿƹУȻԱˣ֪ǲΪͻƣӣֿԿƬռĸо
ҲôģչһὫЩŤ֮ѹ޾ߡ
ռﴫһλȻҲ޳ľٶǰҪЩ߻ħ޳ɸţЧȴûķչ
ʱ޳ſҪȥƶЩ˵ħֻܹˣ
ԥҪҪһ޳ʱ޳ȴ͵һ
һ˿âؿܡ
֮£һжȶ֮УЩߵȴһӡ
Ŀռ䣬Ѹ͵ӣԪ飬˵ûֿܡ
޳ûн˵꣬ԼЩţԪȴ˷ܵػص
СӣǲǴռ䣬ӵδ֮Ĵռ䣬Ҳ˵Ļ°빦߻ħļҲСܶ࣡
̫ˣ
޳Ϣߴңôڴ߶֮½
˵ľΪ֮һ˷ܵĲˡ˵һĶͣ˶۲δǴҶ¼ɶ߻ħ
޳ǵȶһһвɼС
ǣ˶Ļش𣬶ҿʼʱҵ鶼ǿãģ˵Ѿһ׷󣬶ǴʱҪֻǸȫĸоѣָܹоԺ·;϶Ȼ࣬˵һλʦǰܹɹһһȷ׷Ŀ꣬һõܵõĿ꣬˵һ漣
޳ٸоһ´ҵ֮󣬱㿪ʼĥһ飬Ҫǿű͵ϮԲܽ״̬ȴһˡ
϶λĹ˿ڶ֮ڣҪѻкܳһʱ䡣

޳еͷԽԽǿǻЩġ
Ԫһİ壬˵νĹҰ԰ɣҲᳬڵ
޳ͷ¶Ľ϶Ӷ˳Ȼԣδ֮
϶ǱضѵģֻʱĿѣδ֮֮£ٶȱӿ죬˳ΪҲӣ޳ҪģŬĿס߻ħ
ߣĵǺ⣡ͻȻһмʧһٴγˡ
ЩԷŹǰλ˯Ĺע⣬޳СĺǻţȻʮҪˡ
ͻȻһͷȴûֻǾĿš
޳ĽܾĹ۲ţһоٶͻᷴǹ˺һûκηӦ
뵽Ƭռ䵱е϶ԭЩ԰׵ɫȴĺ
ռ֮Ȼŵúܣôһ϶Ѿ˷Ӧ
أ϶ϵɫԽԽãڵҲԽԽǿ
޳һһֱעı仯ͻȻ϶ĽëĲһ£ǲķԽԽë޳ԼҲ
Ҫ϶Ҫ
޳ವһתͷһ˲˲ĿԵŮӡ
϶Ľë΢΢ţƤĶţڻػ˿
һ̣޳Լлϲϯš
Ҫȥӵ϶ʱһʱ˵ȴͻȻ𡣡޳㿪𣿿ӣĺܿģ֪ʲôּ𣿡


1512 ϶
֪ʲôּ
޳治֪ʱֻһ˫Ľë΢΢жõŮ˹
ǣԱⲻʱ˵ʱͬһˮͷȼļ䱸Ľ˶һһ¾Ͱס϶ˡ
һ˲ʹһ޴ײ˾
ôƣǿѹˣ
Ϊѹ𣿴ˣǻ𣡡˲ЦţֻƵתķԭȵҡͻȻᴩȫ֪ΰ쵽ģǰǳǿޱȵϣȻش͸
ֻһ޳˲飬Ŀռ֮һӾͳ
ֻƻ񫣬ڿռҵĽһŤ֮һӽһƬƽĿռ÷顣
ռǵĲҽһͱ˷飬궼û⣬ɢ
ɶģôһӱǿ󣿡ǰɽವһ޳ԣĿܡ
ˣһֱǳǿǰֻǲְˣֻʵڿŰֽۣѵһǣʵԽޡ
үүģʲôǰְˣǸղŰмӺǵ˭˱ɾȻԲѣҪҪˣǰɽƿڴʵ̫ҲںδѾȥһˡ
޳ʾ԰꣬ȻԷ뼤ŭûƬռ䵱಻أһСľͻ߻ħ
ǰɽһ飬æԼʶסһ亹˵ĵˡ
үͻȻ޳ɷԼĻһͷһ϶۾ıǰˣл͸һ˿ԻȻδŪڵΡ
϶޳һ󼤶ظһ˵ˣ
϶۾ϴ󣬲ŵĿǰԼοˣ֧֧ʵү㣿ǲΰ
޳һĨɾЦݣЦ˵ȻΣ˱á
˱ã϶һ˿ԻȻûȫѹֻԺļǵõڻ֮Ϊ˱޳ˡ֮ȫǵˡ
үҡ϶жѣǵõʱ뵽˻ԵУΪԼˣû뵽Ȼܹѵһ죬תͷһܣЩ֣үѾʮ˰ɣ
ǰվһЦǺǵ˵ѾˣⶼȥЩˣѾһ˯Ŀ˯ùõģɰүˡ
ȥöˣ϶ʱɵϴ󣬲ţҾȻ˯ôãүǲǸ˺ܶ鷳
һĨү϶Ϊ˺ܶˣʱ˵ôأԼԼѾˣھȻõĻţϸĸһ£Ϊǵûмԭȱøǿ
޳֪СѾͷʲôҡҡͷ˵ҲûΪʲôǳжΪһЩ˵ز˵ĵط鵽ǳȥ֮ϸϸĸ㡣
϶ǳĻ±ɵĵͷٷʣϸĹ۲ִܵʱһƬ֪Ŀռ䵱УΧȫǿĿռŤ֮Щȣǵʲôط
ʱռ֮һǳЦҪȥܵظȥɣûҡ
Ļ䣬һǿһ³޳ǳ˹
޳ɫһһ𣬱һֻˢһ³֣һĺʱһӴѹһӽһռ䶼ס
ٴγ֣ӰɢŵĽ⣬Ϊṩ޾
޳˵
ԶЩҲ飬æг˹޳򿪣һա
˶֪ﲻǵܹģҲֻ޳һ
СӣϿҰ취ͻƳȥѾܹٴȥˣһ޾ռ䣬ǶҪ뵽޾ֻصСԪͻȻѵ
޳ͷҲ֪ƣ±㲻ԥʼѰͻƵİ취
ɵǰȫ뿪±һǿͬˮһ㳯ת
ԭŤĿռ䣬ʱʼҵطתռҪһٰʮŤתһ㣬ͷβߵŤͬ黨һ㣬ҵѹмŤת
ǿ˶ľѣǹѹ޳֮ϣȻٴνޱȵĳ˹ѣҪ˶ãͻᱻٴα顣
޳Ȱ㻹Ƿֿɣܹҿһռ֮Ҳף㻹Щ˶ߣһ˿ܣһռиʵĵ㡣
޳治ɫûĻһ㣬һռ䵱УԵ˵ĳ
϶Ѿ뿪ĻվԣȻ֪巢ʲô飬ǰȻǷǳһ˿ŭüš
ֻҪ˭Ҳܹ˺ү˺үľǸԣƴҲҪƴ϶һǿŭս⣬֮£Ǹ˺޳ľĵˡ
Ϊܹһ޳ʱ鲻ͻȻ䱬һǿƣͬһֱ
һ֣ͽܵĿռ䶥סŤתĿռ֮˿һ㣬һ±ס
޳ҪΪǼڤĽһռ䶼סˣһ˲ͷǳ϶ڡ
˶һĻˣǸĴŮھȻܹǿ
ֻԪһſԪ֮ϣЦСŮѿ˲ãľѰȻ˵ã屬˹Ŀ࿴
޳һҲЩĿ϶û뵽δռ֮ڣ϶ܹѵ˵زǰͻƻҪ
ڳÿһûܹ̽޳Ϊ˺ֵزǣȴԸо϶ʱڱȻ޳Ҫǿ
жôһͷǱֻռȻ£ǰλ޺ŮĿֲ
϶֪ʱԼڵõ˾ѣֻһͷǾҪ޳ûκ˿˺
üͷţɢŭ˶鲻ԽĲ
һԵһ飬һ̵϶ǻһһ㣬ֻҪ޳
˭˺үȥ
һޱȵ̹һ³϶͵һ̲ͬˮһ㣬һۿɼٶȳǰȥ֮ռ飬߷ﲨײǿײ
飡̲һǿޱȵƳǰƳǰһ赲֮ȫ
ⲻܣﲻŵغôҲû뵽Ů޾ȻܹǿеĹȫòһ
ûʲôܡ޳һ˿âˢһ½ע뵽϶߷̹⵱С
䣡޳ӳ֣̹ʱͬһ㣬Ƭռȥ
һҵƬռ䶼ſͬʱһĬǶ𣺡ӭռ䡣


1513 ռ
ռ䣿ͷһǽĲռˣ
˶ޱȵĿ޳϶ǰĺϻȻֱӽƬռ䶼ˣʵ̫ǿˡ
϶һѪڣⳤƯһӵǿôŮ˶޳ȥˣ
Ľ󣬱壬֮£Ҳֻ޳ܹϴŮɡ
ϴ󣬴ɩǿ̫ˣǰɽչæƨ
϶һԼĳƺߺ۾˸ţһ仰ҽֻվ޳ԣСϱһ㡣
ʱѾδռķΧԭȵõҲڼ
ЩźĿԼΪһصԭӣǰǲȴԶУԺΪȻ
϶֪Ŀռ򣬷ԼڵڼʧŵĻΪʲô顣
үҡŵöҪˣԼΪǾԼﲻ޳æΪ׸޲Լֱȥ
޳ӣͱˣЦ˵õģǰδռ䣬ǵΪǰδĳ̶ȣһ뿪ԭӣԲúʲô
϶Ŵ˿ΪԼ˻ûãҪ뵽˯ء
޳Ҳڵ⣬ǰδռ䵱У϶õӴΪͻƣ˹ôȥ᲻ٴ뵽˯У
ԪʱĸʣȤİɣȻѾ˹ڵҲѾˣȻû˯ĵͿžڰɡ
Ϊϲ𡣡޳Ǹˣ綼Ѿǵɬ꣬Ȼ֪Ԫһ仰еĺ壬ʱЩүڻЩ
תͷһܣƬռȶȻΪռ䣬ʱûзκΣյϢŴ˵ȵϢһ°ɡ
ԣæյеϢǾ͵޳һ仰أڼȻΪûķԸҲҺ¡
һʱ䣬˶뵽У޳һΧҲ
ǰδռ䵱УΪ˿٣ҲޱȣΪͻƵиĸ򣬶ĳʵ̫
ﶴ죬һ·ʹܵΪޱȴĳһ̣оѵδܹﵽĸ߶
Ϣ˵ʵ̫ˣ
ҪӴҪͻƣ˵һؾ֮·޳ģܽεȵѣȻҪﵽѹľ磡
һֱһڸԼһҪﵽľ磡ƺѾʹ
϶ҲǱŸѣǰֵõǿ͵ͻƣһжԺģܵĳҲǿʱҲ޳ǶһЩ
ȵ˶״̬гѾ˺üʱ֮
ˡԱͻȻһ˷ܵһӰǰ
޳վȥΪһһУŹģϴһɫġԱվһλͬţǵʿ硣
ºڣ޳ǣ֪ʵȽǿϵΪλһĿǣ¶һЦݶͷ
ºԱλʦܺͽ⼸λڵĵǡЦеһҽܡ
ʦ˴һȻǰλҽЩ𾪡
λʦס֣ΪǳšٶȻû޳ôֲ֮ҲҳһʮȴѾﾳεΪһֱ˾Щ͵ĵõɮضá
޳޳Ҳһҽܣǰɽ϶Ҳһһܵ
Ҿ֪һܹƽġƺ˲Ѱ飿Ըǳˬʣ
޳ӡ󲻴Ҳûʲô֮ǰռ֮ڷ鶼˵һ顣
ЩźһԼĹͷ˵֪ˣҲЩռ䵱жයһˡ
ѽʦ֣ǴһĻˡͽԱҲһź
ǰɽƵʵλΪλԣѵǾɿռʱûʲô𣿡
˻һ⼸λк͵ʿϾһ˿Ρ
Ǻ΢΢һ£˼˵֮ǰ֮һЩ˽⣬֪صķһռͺͣĳǰ壬һӾͳռ䵽ѹᡣ
ǰաȻΪһǳĺڡ
ѹǰûмǣǾһԵĳ˹ǰɽЩЩĽǸղſǾһ
ͽǰɽȽ϶࣬ԸҲˬʣ±ߣҪռ䵱оȫһ鲻ɡ
𿴵ľٶ޳ε˵Цˣʦܾһգһʲô˲ˡ
޳ЦЦ˵ͽʦ飬λΪλڴ˵أ
˵ӦѾ뵽ռˣֻΪλ
ԣһ˿أ˵ȷʵѾ߶ãҽĿռ伸鿴˸飬ǹȥôʱһ仯ûС
ûб仯λ߶ЩƣƽҲ̫˰ɣԽƽԽΣգҿɶҪСˡ
ǰռ䵱һʼҲûг־޴ΣǵеܵġﾹȻôʱ䶼ûκα仯пһ仯ͻǳԲ˶ߡ
޳Ҳ죬˺ǵĽܣҲⷽռ䵱ϸĲ鿴һ£˵һⷽռֻһƬããĻɫشһƬȫûκεĲǳϡ١
˵鶼ʵ˵ϡǻ᲻ᱻ
ûĲûʳгʱľֹȴǵľģڵһ˿ľҲͲܹȥ
ѵǻռжЩǿɾ鷳ˡ
ҪٺԿܲͻǰѾøַʽԹǲܴ͸ĲռļҲǳ٣ֻ˵仯Ī⣬˭֪ᷢʲô顣Ŵ˵
˱㿪ʼʹ˻һⷽռѰҳ·
ʧǣһƬƳɵĿռһι˿ѹͲܴ͸ȥ
޳Ƕת۷ûκá˵ѹȲˡ
Ԫ飬а취𣿡޳Ԫ
Űɣ˲׷ŹǵģһǸסҪ˶þͻֵġԪν˵
Ĳ²ȻûûãƬռ֮ٴǸصôһôϣǺúܡ
䣬޳ǰĿռͳһƬԭһ˿Ŀռ侹Ȼһ޴ܶ
޳ǶԿһۣȻԥĳǰ߹ȥ
ȫûκ·̶ѨҲֻǰߡ϶ĸ޳࣬ΪѾȹﾳһΡȻǰδռ֮ڵʵر𣬵֮ǰ˵ָܹѾǷǳġ
ң¡޳ͷ˵
϶ɵĵͷһ̤ͬ뵽ǸܶС
Ÿһ̤һɲľϢ޳̧ͷȥǰǳֵľʱʱԭء
һԭ׼ȷ˵һɽ泤ïʢݣԶԼԼɼһߴӰ
Ӱ޳ӰʱҵҪһ㡣
ôܣ


1514 ȫ
ĵɽ£ݷïţȺһӰľۼɽ֮ϣСڡ
޳ȴΪһһߴӰǴӻ߳һ羪κһʱ˼ά
ֻʣһͷܣôܣ
Ȼܶп˾Գ
ѵǾԳһأ޳ԽطһЩ죬϶￴
£ͻȻ޳ĵﵱдһϸ΢죬ԪЩȷһ˿޳ʶС
¹ŵأ޳һûȷʵ¹ŵأǰЩԳӦþһ壡
龳ǰһĻĻ棬ǵ龳п𣿿ôô
ǻþ𣿡ǰɽվԣҲǲ˲۾ţҲǿһĻģȻû뵽֡
ǰһж˵ʵŵ˲ľ£һǰЦⲻǻþҪνһУ
үôˣֻ϶ûǰĳЩֵĿ޳дһ˿ǣΪʲô顣
޳תͷЦû£߰ɣǽȥ
϶Ȼûĵͷһͬ뵽ܶУǰɽһӣҿһҲ˽ȥ
֮ǰЩߣǲ֪ǰĳʮ֮ǰҲһͬ˽ȥ
ۣþϢɾ˲һ̲ס̾
ǰɽأֹʮǰػûб仯ȻǷǳģеҪһЩ
ԾؾѾʧ棬һŤ̵ֿڣȷʵ̻ࡣ
˵ʲô⣬ƺǰɽĵﵱһЩʲô߹ʵ
ǰɽЦǺǵģۣǾ֪ˣȥɣ֤Ǵһ
û·ֻӲͷƤǰߣ֮֮Ҿͷſ˵ӣ浽ʲô
޳Ҳ뷨϶ֱǰȥһȺ˵ĳ֣ɱЩԳע⡣
ԭڵĳʱЩΪһͷر׳ĺɫԳǰĿʵǺˣΪôأ
¹ŵǶյģҪǵ֮⣬뾭ܹ룬һ޳˽ģǰʮ֮ǰҲˡ
װ޹ǰԳ˵ǰϢŭڽһԣ֮½뵽ռ䣬ţǰǼ¡
ɫԳϸĴһ޳ǣĿ⽥ıˬʵЦһ˵ԭڲԣѾþûӭˣ֮֮ǲü⡣
ǰ˼ǣǰҲ˽޳һһ߸ǰһʵ
Щ߶ЩĪǣ˵ֱظǰߣ޳ʱı֣ƺ֪ЩʲôѵʶǰЩ޴ĺɣ
ʱȺ˿ЩԳЩ죬ʾ֭м䶼һ飬ͻȻʲôõ¾ʧ˳ԳǾԳһ壿ģǵʲôһطǻģľԳ
һʱЩ˷ܣ˾ȣ˺£ֻ޳ǰɽ֪ĲɫǰͷǺɫԳҲЩתͷʵ֪ǣ
λŵߵ¶һ£ӲͷƤǰ֧֧˵ǰֻ֣һʱ𾪣ڹżпھԳһļأʱЩ
żɫԳһ˿ɻȻûŪΪλܵżȥ֪ǱڹżеģǺʷĶѽ
ǻڵ£ô뵽żأĪ
޳һɫԳı飬֪֪δɿظǰɽʹһɫǰЦתעԳһܴ󣬴⵱ܹ뵽һʱģǰɲҪְ
λƺҪ˵ǽӴǰɽͶĬıͣɲΪԼһʱ죬ǰЩȻķУһЩɳ֣ǿɾ鷳ˡ
û£ɡɫԳνЦ£Ǽǰȥ
ߵɽºܽʱͻȻſһ޴ԳХһ˲ǰЩԳǴӵվȻˢˢĳΧ£˹
ˡⳡʵ׳ۣ汻ЩȻ̤˵졣
ݱڷвסĲϷе㱻ŵõľսģǵҪһ㡣
ֲСĵĸΣЩŮߣһ˫ŵò˵֪ЩǾԳһ壬ʮ֮ǰĿֲﻹаΣ
϶СѾͷһ˫۾ĿǰĵĶ޳˵үǺǿ׳ƾܹǳ۷˰ɣ
޳ĬĬĵͷ϶Ĺ۲ûдǵһνӴԳһ壬ǰɽҲǵϣ¹ŵصеͷɫվԳȻʱ׺սһ𣬿Ҳܹõǿ
ʱžԳһ壬һãҲϡѪҺĺѪľԳ̺ܵӴ
ʮ֮ǰһѾǿǰӦֻһЩͨ˶ѣǵеǿߣӦûûгˣǵѾӴ󣬸Щĸֻᵽ˺־硣
صĽվԳһƣһƬ˵Σ֮ǰ龳пӰȻ𺳣ȴû侳ĸоվܹԼܵǽվԳɢǿ
֪᲻޳һ󼤶ܹλǵǲˡ
Լ˼άУǰһֵ˵ѾһȺԳΧסһĿǣҲؿЩȻ
ʲôˣΪʲôʲôǺļϸ𣿡
ԳһһӾʵЩǽ
޳ȴǼסһʣ¡
ȻԳһУôǺɫվԳ
ɫԳ˼򵥵Ľһ£ҵ̬úͻǾǰߡ
ȻѣǾͿɣҲˣҪȥǸһȥɡ
޳ǰɽһɫ˫ӶԷпһ˿ζ
һ廹浥أ׵ľͽ֪ͷ̫򵥣ʵû˻ǳ֡
ȻҪȥ޳Ȼ⣬žͽȥˡ
֣СթȴûôֹǰĿ޳˵
޳ЦŶҡҡͷ˵£Ҷһȥɡ
ѽƵʱǲˡǰɽЦǺǵ˵
λǲֵʵ޳ǰɽļƣȷʵǶǳ˽ӡ
޳Цֱָָ˽ȥ
ܿͳĿɿڴһĻǰããһƬɫɽ£źɫԳյһ㣬ǰĿռﾹȻһ˿Ťһͨĳǰ
ԭǰҪôף޳ֺɫԳһռ䣬ϸıȶһ£ƺҲԡ
ȥ֮ԭأֻһɲãϢ̺Ȼ滹Ҫ˵ë˲ţ鲻Խ
֪˭һָǰ澪ȵ˵ǿǹŵأǴ˵еĹŵأ


1515 ¹ŵ
Щ˵Щ󲿷˲ûе¹ŵأǻһЩΪԵɺǵ¹ŵصģһǰǾ޴ǣ
¹ŵأ¹ŵأģǵ׵ʲôĴڣѵѾص𣿲ܰӦûŶԣ¹ŵصûһ壬ԡһ壡ǣѵ˵ǻصʮ֮ǰ𣿡
Ļ˶ˣЩ֪ʵߣǰΪǴ·ĺɫԳʱˢˢĿ˵֮ˡ
˵Ŀģʮǰ¹ŵأûŪ
ҲŪ˵ῴǰǾԲῴһ¹ŵأ㿴ЩԳ봫˵мصһǳ񣬾ԴˣԽ˵Խ϶Ѿ϶¹ŵˡ
˵ʲôʮ֮󣿡ɫԳֻעһ䣬ɫһʵ
ǰɽһһ⣬ǰ͵ǰҪȷʵʮ֮֮ǰڽһԲ֪Ϊδ˿ռ뵽
ɫԳһ˿ã૵˵ѵڤĵĴ˵𣿡
ڤģ޳һͬʱﵱеļڤҲһ˿룬ʮ֮ǰôӦҲмڤĲŶԡ
ȷʵҲ￴׺õڤĵģҲ֪Ǽһˣڹܹ֪һЩŶԣҪȻǼһﵱҲ⵽¹ŵصüڤˡ
ɫƺǳű˵ĻǰɽĽͣȻЩ𾪣ǲûм˵ʲôǶ˵Ȼʮ֮ôбҪȸǽһĹأǷǳÿ͵һ壬ǲϲƭ߿Ծãǲкһ顣
ôأǰܹǣʱϢǸмô˺һ飿ǰɽЦǺǵ˵ԱߺҲ͡
ֲǲˣ飬ҪȻһɡ
ЩߣЩʿѾ޳ȻΪ޳ǴӣֻҪ޳ûǾԲľٶ
ȻˣɡɫԳ˵ţͻȻڿգͬһһ㣬ǰǳȥ
ҪӽʱҲ֪ʲôԭպϵͻȻſһɺ嫵ƺȻ
ವһɫԳͳ˽ȥ
޳û뵽ᾶֱǽ뵽ǵУµûĻӦԽʵصҪĽ֮һɣҪ壬û뵽Ȼ˺ؽӭ˽ȥ
֮֮Ҳ˽ȥ룬ǽ֮޳մһžһϡ
ǰɽؿܣǵзһ£˿ҵ
ڵϢһɡ˵ͬʱԱ߾λŮľԳ˳Ϊһһ衣
ȻҪĵط޳ϸĹ۲һܣʯ뼸֮ûжĲΨһͬǣһЩʮ굽֮ǰȴһ㶼û䡣
֪⿴޵ǣʵǳĿ㣬ңͨͨ
ϣп˰ףࣿôһλȽľԳ߳ͻȻôߣЩȡ
û뵽ɫԳȻһĶϣ濴ͰЩ︹̡
ǵģѣҪкˡɫԳûн޳ʮ֮˵ֻԸСӺúõдǣ޳˵һȥæԼˡ
ߺԭȻЩнԳû޳˵ҽаºͣأ
޳
ǰɽ
һһܣߣҲͶǺˬ֮ˣһĵһ飬ֻ϶ֵһԣֻ۾תţȻûŪڵô¡
ʮ֮ǰģǵǵʲôطֻҪүû£ͷˣʲôطܹһͺá϶ƤţŲǵʲôط
ˣô뵽صأһʱ˵ڽһԣɷðһ䣬ʲô𣿡ºʵ
ʵ̹˿ûȻĲѡ
ǰɽ͵һԪĲԣ֮ǰѾռ䣬ֻǵĲʱ򣬲֪Ϊν뵽Ҳס
Ԫԣ˵ģºϵ۾һͼȥץǰɽ֣ͻȻоԣЩεջ֣סһ飬ԵԪ
ôԪ𣿡ǰɽ⣬Ա޳Ҳһ˿ɻ
߶ʱţ
º͵ɫ˵ԪǷǳĻ⣬ܹԪصߣǶţҲֻλܹʹöѡ
Ļ䣬ǰɽǵɫʱЩŹԼͬĿ޳λܹԪں߷ȫµļһǲŵı̬
Ȼʱ߰ºͣЩ˵лٶʹԪ
޳ʵԪǳѿ
º͵һ˿˷ܣԺ˵ȻԪؼĻҪƴǲѣҪΪãȴǷǳѵһ飬ֻ۳һĶȻֵһᣬҪЩԪǿǷǳѵˡ
һʱǰɽصܵ˴ԭǻΪȹأ˼ҿ˵ʲô۳һĶѹֵһᣬǸоܵ˺
޳ɫʵǵҪĻģ
ͬʱʵԪںϣ۳µ֪㲻㣿
ôţºͼ˵ԪںϣԪںϲ
˶Щɱ˵˵ȥ޳Ǳ̬һλ
ºϸؽǴһԾЩ˵Ϊ̺Ԫ֮ȴôǿ޳ǿ͸
ɻʵԪزԵײԵʲôǵƺûеܹںԪصĵزɣǲкã
˶ĬĬ޳ȷʵûʲôãܹ뵽˺ǿŷֱӴ͸뵽Ĳռ䣬ȫǿ޳Ǵġ
Щ˵Ŀⶼ䵽޳ϣºҲʼɫ޳
޳ʱȴԼ˼УڤڤһаŵĸоԽԽǿңײԪںϣƺ⣬Ϊŵһһߵ磬о࣬ԽԽãһжڰĳֹ켣һ
Ԫ飬˵һеΪʲôʵ
ǵãûеõӦԴӽ뵽¹ŵصУԪһεĳĬ
޳ֺ˼Ԫֶ֪ԪУҲȥ
ֵܣɷһ䣬ǲʲôطһƬصУûרŵĽвԵĵطѽ
ºǲҪᣬҲǻǣֻǴĺѣΪҪԪزԣ֮ص˶ȻԪصĿƷǳǿ֪λ֣
޳ͻȻһ붼δѿڶ¡


1516 
˵ʲô£ºһӴλվɢһƣҪЩǶϴģǻĶǹ
޳ĬĬؿһۣ˼תʵ˭
ºͶʱ˿ϣЩĿ޳һۣ˵ָҪңҪˣֿɲᣬǲйϵɣ
޳ҡҡͷǳϿҵ˵ֻһ˵֣ƺЩԹһʱʶѡ
ôһºҲǰԼ⣬˳ĻĸоûǾԳһУԭеһԱֻѱ˳ȥŻֵ÷ǳҰķǳǿҪ̲һ壬ҲˣҶԴ˷ǳߣκһйصĶų⡣
ǰɽһӣ治֪˵ʲôã˽ӲĹϵûϿٵĽźߣǲԳһ̫أ
޳ͻȻ𵱳龵пֻɫĽվԳ»᲻أ
ʣȴͻȻһֱĬԪֹʡ
ͷĬĬĽȥͷԼ¡
ǰɽһԹ۲޳ɫȻû޳˽Ķ࣬ǵôҲǿһĻģͷ޳ûзʣҲԹԵѡ˱졣
޳֮ԭѯԪ鼸䣬뵽˳ŵУѣֻԼ롣
ڰºԵûж룬ʱˣ˵Ŀʱ򣬽Ҫᣬʱһ
һ˵е棬ǰһֱڽŵУ˵ţڿ΢һˣҪôȥ綼ϵġ
ϾԳһȻһʢᣬ˵еĳԱ峤֮ȫμˡ
޳΢۲һ£һǧľԳⳡ滹׳ۡ
ĿǱҪ΢һЩ¹ŵصڳľԳݹǣӦñҪࡣ
һĻľ͵سʹһӵ䵽˹ȵס׺Щݹǵʱ򣬵¾ʧȥǣٴ¹ŵأɵΣֿЩŵľԳһ壬ипǧ
Ϊκôأ޳˼⣬ҪԪ飬һֲԼĥţڻ磬һķܻʢ
ȥҲֻôһ͡
϶ԱһֱĬĬĹ۲޳ɫԴ֮󣬼޳ɫһֱǳأĻЩǵʵүǲڵʲô
޳ԻһСѾͷһֱһϰˣȻǺ
̧ͷЦ˵ûеʲôֻЩ벻ͨҵ߰ɡ
ţõġ϶һЦȻӦ
ιϴҪȥϾҪʼˣǰɽһԱߣ
ȴһסһۣ˼Сң㺰ʲôǲ¡
ǰɽһ£ɫĺˣεͷֹһ֪û̸
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Ķ뿪ҵߣ׳˼˺Ͱˣܾûܹܰˣʱѵõ˶
ˣȿʼɣºͶЦ˵ʲôתͷ޳ֵܣҪߵ̫ԶǱЩطǲȥģ
޳ͷ϶ֱǰȥ
֮ǰ¹ŵʮ֮Ǹӡĵطкܶ಻ͬģ֮⣬ЩطҲʮ֮ͬ
֮زʱǾȻֲׯڣ˶ۣԨҲڣڻһƬ̹;
ԶѵɽȻ޳Կ϶ǳƽٻûпʼ
Ҳˣǳƽǿʼˣ¹ŵҲͻᱻ׵ķӡѹٲʢ
׻Ҫأ죿һꣿ߼ʮꣿ޳Щ΢΢ĵǣ֪δƽٵĸо治á
үû°ɣ϶ʵüͷţȥصӣż
޳Цһ£û£Ǽǰ߰ɡ
޳һߣһлŵĶǵ龳пһС
ǺµǲֻɫվԳ˭վԳΪλ𾪣޳ûмǴĻʱվԳõʵĿʱȻͣס֣ں͵Ϯ
һһֱ޳Уֻʮ֮ǰҪ֪ԵͷԽԽǿ
Ҳڤڤ֮аŰɣҲܹҵһЩ𰸣޳ĬĬš
ү㿴ǰЩâө棡϶ͻȻ޳֣˷ܵؽ
޳ȥȻǰ֪ʲôʱһƬƬ⣬ǵģȥΪǰƬׯڵһ㵭Ĺԡ
Ҳѹ϶Ѿͷ˷ܣȥȻǳ
ͻȻס𣬻طڿС
ٶȿԷ΢ڶػһж뵽ξһ㣬á
϶Ľëģһգһգģһֻһ㣬ڱ޳ţߵɫͨ죬˵ģɰ
޳תͷʱͼӣһӾͿȥһ˲ʧԴһ£عʱѾ˹ȥ
Ĵһеķ㣬ůůģǳ޳һ£Ӹ߿յȥ
϶͵󣬳״ס㶵Ŀ޳ὲˡ
үȻˣȻˣֱҪؿˣоԼһ
ȿȡ޳ڵĿһׯڵΪΣд߶Щө涼˹
ʱԭһһЩĹһӱԽԽө泯ǷɹأǿͻȻŹâһ㡣
Ư϶ȻעһֻһԾЩө浱У˵ӡ
޳ԶԶĿţһ˿ů΢΢𣬺һ̡
ŮӽοɰһƬѾ֪жûܹ
ͻȻһʣ֣֮ʱһСٽļ˽ӵƺӣҲǳĲ
ү㿴ЩөƯ϶Ȼһө棬תͷ޳Ц
޳ĿŮεЦǿһ֮۹˶꣬¡
ֱԶһ˿죬˲Ŵõлصʵ
޳һ˿ˢһתͷһߡ
һ˫۾ҹյرһӴ޳ŵûæıܿವһ¾ͳԶ˹ȥ
ԱߴһɣߵĲҪôղ࡭
Զȥ޳Ҳȥתͷ϶Цų֣߰ɣǱߵӦÿʼˡ
϶ε֣һͬȥǵʱѾʼ
ǧΧʮԲȦÿԲȦжȼһԾ޴𣬻죬ӳÿһַǷ
ϴߣǰɽһǣк
޳϶߹ȥⲻñ˴Ȥ䡣
ƽҲ̫׼ӣЩҲֵһ㣬߹ȥʱ˵ݸһ̳ƣ˵һľƷǳ˲ã
޳Ȼܣ򿪾̳ӣͷ͹һڣʴŨҵľһӹУģȴһرķҷ˻ζ
Ĩ˰ǣЦ˵ȻǺþƣ
ߣһĵȻǺþƣֻССྐྵȻҳǲһмŮͻȻ𣬴ƽ
ǰɽɫһ䣬Ҫŭ⣬ȴºѾ˵Ķķȵɣ񣡡


1517 г
ɣ񣡡ºɫصؿԵľԳ
ߣʲôȻңǱΪɵľԳ˵վָ߷ߵ
º͵ɫһ䣬ȭͷţҪ˵ȴ뵽ʲôͻȻԳЦЦ˵ǣûʸ˵㣬Ȼʰ㣬һὫղ˵Ļԭⲻĸ߰³ϣ᲻㡣
Сˣʲô鶼߸磬ֻС棬ҿ㣡ߵ˵
б£㲻ҪץסѱҴСѽºʹʱһһ㣬
ԱߵľԳѾֲ֣תͷ޳ǸЦЦžƶ˵ùǣѾͷСͱ軵ˣĵطλ˲Ҫ֣Ҿһ
޳ȻΪһ仰ˬľ̳Ӧ
϶վԱ߳һЩˮˡ
㲻Ҫ̫ˣӣһ³˵ģص㣡Ǳ߲֪˵ʲôºͶʱɫõĳŰɺȵ
˵ˣʲôȻһٶĸ˵Ųø罫ȥɴʱЩˣȻͷһתָ϶ȴǶŰº˵ġ
Ҫȥ˵ʲôôǲǿ೤úÿ㿴˼ˣ
ȡ֣ºҲ˵ĻֱžƺԼģ
ɼӣһж̵Щϡ
ˢһ³嵽϶ǰӸµĿ˵վ˵ʲô֣ʲô
϶һ£ȫΪǰԳΪλ¶ı飬ҿƢòӡ
תͷСĿһү֪Լ˼ˣ˵ʲô޳ˣԱͣû
𣿻ưͣ˵˵𣿡һȻԼߣˢһ¾Ҫǰȥ
ŸһжͷԼһɾ޴סˣȫܶɫ䣬ЩŵĿǰˡ
ô£ôͻȻ䱻סˣȴҪװûκ״ҪȻ˵ȥ湻ˡ
ôҲﾳһεʵȴһص׾ٵؿס˵ȥԺôйЩһЦġ
ºĬĬĺžƣû״ȴֻ
Էʵ׾ٵسȥù
Ѿв̽޳ʵ֮ϣԵλҲɲ⣬ǵһ˶ȰѾͷ͸óԵѵ
޳ҲûΪûþͰн˻
ɸоǹȥһӷ󾪳һ亹
ԽԽߣСһֱŹһ裿ϸĹ۲һ£޳϶ȫûжиӿ϶ǣԵ¾ƣҪ϶ȥ
ɲ񣡡ԶͻȻһƣˢһ£һӰڰԣһӽָ
һˣܹȥһץסĸ첲Ƶ˵磬۸ңһҪ
޳ĻһţղǶͻȻ֣ʱҪ϶ˣȻôŮ˾Ȼ׵ľ۸ˣ
϶վǰȡֵŮӡ
ĵһԼã̧ͷ޳ǸЦЦ˵ĺܲ˼Ǳǳ軵ˣλ¡
磬ô˵۸ҵġһԼҸ綼Լ¾ͺۡ
ǰɽһֱԱ߿ţֻ˺ȾƲ˵ֻһͷɿԣһĶ湻𺳵ġ
ʵǲֱӣǰɽǺȾƺȵøС棬ϴȻа취ԸôõӢ۾ĻᣬǲֵĻƻԹ
ˣȡ֣˵һȥҪμᣬʵĴţҪȻȻȥ˯ȵԼʲôԣȻ֪Ϊһ㼦ëƤСģץס˲š
ǣȴһӿƫģ׵ľңǸŮ˲Ȼǵׯڣҵөץǵ˵ң
⡭һ£˹Щε˵ôһСҲֵһأ˼С϶ΪөÿȥһûʲôׯΣֻվġ
ȴԽԽߣ۴ޣһ߿һΪŮ˾ȻҼ̤ǵׯڣҵө棬˵һ裡ҲŲҪҵĶ
ϵɫͻȻЩŹ֣Ϊ˵λŮ𣿿˼Ϊ֮ϰ
ȻԼ˵ֻЩӵؿԼãͻȻʵƽҲҲûôߣ쵽ôˣ
ʱԱͻȻ߳һֻԳ˵һôҾ治ѵĻǿλˣλŮΪ䲻Բߡ
ǰ׷ŰȥһֻԳ
ѽȻˣԴװ湻ĵġǰɽһھƣɫѾЩˣž˵
ϲŮԴףúܳһԳֵģ;ͷۡ
޳ɫҲһҲǹôͻȻ䳶ϣԳС㿴ϻ治һֵø˵顣
û뵽Լ»ᱻͬ˵ʱԽͷһᣬûҾǿˣŮӣôҿǳ뿪Ϊöۡ
˵ţͻȻ̧ǰһĿĿ϶۵Ĳơ
ԭҪŵģͻȻ뵽ʲôĬĬ˵һߣȥˣѾͷǲ򲻳ҪҪճ
϶һ˫۾ЩκģλŮΪҪ˵䲻ү
֪Ϊȷʵ䲻үүǿ󣬽ܹվԵģȻһλǳŮˣȻҲŬŬڿүɾԼá
λ˵Ķԣ϶ĬĬ롣
ǰɵĻԽԽ֣ͱˣôϿ뿪ɣ߲ҪûõŮˣԺԶҪΧжԶԶ
޳üͷ΢΢һ壬ܲϲ϶һĨɫѾŮҪôֵĻԲ顣
϶˵ô۸
϶ʱɫȴıò԰ɵĻǵһݺݵشͷ
ôѵĵ뿪޳𣿿Ŭôãһһֻ޳źŮô뿪
Ҳ뿪Ҫүԣʲôԣ϶вϵĺȭͷţۿͨ죬̧ͷݺݵĵǰλԳһŮӡ
ô㻹ҵˣѵ˵д㻹Ը뿪֪֪鷳ɲƣҲ֪Ϊλ˶ԴһһμŮˣֻ֪Եλһ鲻ԽľͱλվԵŮӷǳİֻۣȥ
ˣ޳ɫ䣬غȵ
ɼ޳ȻԼôף̧־Ҫ϶ȥ
ҲҪȥ϶ֻһͷ뿪޳Ҫԣͷޱȵǿ󣬻һǿʶС
붼δ룬̧֣Ϲһɺƴˢһ籡ǰɶľһŮ˹ȥ


1518 ֻ
񫣡
ǰɽǵۣһŵӣЦҪЦֲ˼ĺࡣ
϶ԭأƺȥǱȵ֪ȥӡ
һֻͱҪ˺üľԳһСŮһȷɣⳡʵ̫ˣƺŰɷŭ־ֵĽ
϶㶵ĿԼƣȻҲˣû뵽ղһƾȻôԷʵ൱ô׾ٵľͽ˸ȷأ
ֻ޳кЦ΢΢Ŀ⣬һƬȻ
Ѿͷǻ֪Լжôԭδռ䵱У϶ѾֳδĳɾͣȻ뿪δռ䣬뵽ռ䣬ΪҲ˻ȥǱϾѾйǸ߶ȣʱ¹ŵصУ˾İΧ֮£ΪǱĬ֮бѾٵĳɳ
ղһƣȻֻﾳһߣĵʵȴѾ˰ɣ̤ﾳһΣȻ϶Ķ֡
үңǲǴˣ϶ӦˣżĿ޳
С㲢ûʲôղ̫ˣҲӦõġϻع˵
λ̨湻ģ޳ӡֺ˼֡
ԱȻѾȥѰҰɣҲģղһȻǻû˼ĵزǸһֱ᲻Ӧñѵѵ
ϣ飬ܹһ㣬ôĿˣҪȻʼǻµġ
˼ˣҲοֻ࣬תһ룬Щİ˵ʵ֮⡣
λŮһ֣ܹɽﾳһεȷɣԷ֮ûУվԱߵλ޳ʵǲСЩߣʵҲǳǿ
Щ˵н뵽ǵأǻ˵бĿģǺ治밡
ʵһ⣬һֱЩ벻ף֪λɷ𣿡
˵޳˵֪ղ϶ֶԷ϶ǻɣҽ
ҲǸˬģ¾ͶʵǰºӦҲʹλǷѡйأλ˵ʶ²ôΪǸʵǷôһ˽뵽ǵأ˵ֻΪײ̫ǣǿ˰ɣ
޳ϵôʣЦһ˵ȷʵ֪ǰҲѾ͹ڽһԪزԵʱн뵽ģΪǸʵȷʵΪһĿĶ£ġ
ʲôĿģϵɫ˳
Ϊ˽⿪Զźƽٵܡ
ƽ٣Զţɫ䣬Ǳصشһһвϵʡ
˺һһһʵ˵ƽʲô˼ѵҲ֪֮ͻһغƽ𣿡
ǲܰţֻһ֪粻Ӧ֪Ŷԣ峤κ˲öǵĿڷһֱܽģҲΥ峤˼Ⱥ˵Ǵ֪ģ
ĵһ⣬޳ش𣬽ʵԶţǵʮ֮󣿡
Ҳ˵ֻϸĻζһ޳е˼ʱȵĵۣŵĿ޳ǡ
ҪΪǲǻþЩö֮վǰʵǵѹ֮֮ǿѹͲǻþôʵģνǻʮ֮ǰأ
޳ȥĵһ⣬ֱӻشڶûʮ֮ײ뵽
üͷţϸؽǴһ£޳ɫ˿ţ򶨵Ŀԣλӡ󲻴ǸȶеˣЩ߶ǳ𾴣Щ˵еͷˣ˶ȻĹ֮
޳Լ˼άУҲ룬ǰսԽʵأ˼άȫǰ龰˹ȥ顣
侲ŷִɵ㣬ɲڵĿռǻռ䣬ΪûףԷǳ϶ǰǸþ
ʵĻþ֪Էɵģǳ֪ǵĿʲôþлʲô߻ջʲô
ڴ
޳ѡ㣬ã˵˶٣һ˼һ˵֪ΪΣܸһɷǳϤĸо˵ϤϢ񣬼ȻˣҾ͵һˡ
޳Ц£в˵жģԽʵأܸоҲĳĪϵ׺֪صʮ֮ǰļһ᲻飬Կ϶׺Գ϶вһ
˶ԷĹ޳ʵɷϸ˵һº£ʵΣ
޳֪ھǳƽٻжãԿ϶¾ǺɫվԳʵѾǳǿô˵Ҫ˶þͻ
˵еǳԶźƽ٣òȫһ֣֮Խһֱ֮֮ܵ϶ĳֲֿı仯ں󻷾ȫıˡ
굽׷ʲô飿޳гԼ֪е֪ʮ֮ǰҪץסһлŪס
ϼȻ˵˽޳ǵһˣʱҲ˵жȥͽŻ־ʿڵʵȻȲһ壬ҲѾС
ʵЩС£һֻҪ峤ڣѹͲǣǵǵǣ´ޱȣ֪һΪ˴ﵽĿĲֶΣ治֪Ϊ˶Ըǻʲôء
ǰнӶػϸ飬Ѿ˾ռߣһȻǲǰ׳գǾ֪ǼϸҲǷ˽Ŵ򹷣ȥ
޳ǲ֪ǣǰѾڹŹһȦˣıǷĵĻѾǿҵֶνɱˡ
ôΪΣ޳ǣ龳пĺɫվԳֲʵ
ɫһѵĴݷͻĸ֣۷塣
䡭
޳ֻоͷһصһ£Ƶģ˿š޳ܿ侲µʵ
۷壡ǶôֲĴڣڶ֮磬Ƿ켫Щﾳվǰ˼һָܹɱ
⻹ˣֲǶ˵»ڱչؽͻƣ۷ֻڱչ֮ǰʵǳصʱѾر
硭
޳ʶص˸֣ǿǲһһλֲĴڣ
ӾǣһԺ˵̤Σ峤Ѿ̤֮ˣ
䣡
ҪεˣϢʵ̫ˣʮ֮ǰȻ˲űҲ̫̼ˣ
簡ڻУ޳ӿ϶ڻþпǽվԳǻˣ
Ҳ˵һ峤пܾˣ
޳͵һˣʵɷһλǰ
գһһ˿ãҡҡͷ˵֪û˵
޳ͷһԭûԪ֮ĵĴҲ˻ȥȻûգѵ´ˣ
ţԶͻȻһ˾峤Ϣ峤Ҫˣ
峤޳ͷصһ峤ǴվԳҪ
޳ѾΪһ̫Ǵ˿ȴʶľҪȥԪ飡
峤һ峤վԳҪ


1519 峤
峤ԭΧȾƳһ壬һɿվĳһ£ϡ
޳վԭҲ΢΢ĵͷ޳ʱмܹоǰһ޵ѹǿߵƣ鲻Խشһ𾴡
Ҫ޳Ѿڻ֮ǰĻ棬ǽվԳˣϬʽһ𶯡
ġ޳ʶͻȻһһ£æʵԪ飬ǲҲо𣿡
޳Щ⣬ʱҽվԳϵ
Ԫ鷢ôһ֮󣬱ֹ˳Ĭ޳ϵغѹûκηӦ
Ԫ鴫ֵĲ޳ҪΪѾ뿪ˡ
Ԫôˣ޳ʵܵԪǳĽţǲģ֪ѹͲܳ֡
ǰԪŭ𾪣ˣǴûй˵Ϊ£̫ˣ˷ѽ⡣
Ԫȴڲһ֮ͻȻವһ뵽ԪУһ˿Ϣûɢ޳ϸĹ۲һ£һϢסˣҲֻա
峤ִһ󻶺վԳѾǰ
֪վԳ˵ʲôԳȫӵվһ˷ֱܵģǿĴǰ޳óȻȥ̽飬ֻվһϸĹ۲š
ѹƺڳºͶŽվԳ˵峤Ǿн뵽صࡣ
޳̧ͷȥĿⲻһֳѵĵȻԱߵǰɽȻǴҲҳҲ򶨡
϶ֻ޳һˣʱֻүǷȫȫȻûȥ˼ԱǲһֲĴڡ
վԳǵķӦСĿվǰ޳ϡ
һɲǣ˵Ŀڿнӣһ£ʱһ̶һ
޳ֱµûվԳȻǵ龳пһλ
ʱ˽ĽӴһֻĸоǺܾ֮ǰѾֻطꡣ
޳΢΢ͣҪ˵ʲôȴʵһ㶼죬ѹ֪˵ʲô
վԳǶĿдһ˿ӣ޳ȴĿڴ͸̽ʲô
޳һѵԪ𣿿նûУԪ˵˽ǳô˵˺ֿܶܡ
޳лģܶ뷨һðʱʧȥ˼
㡭վԳͻȻڣһĳŷǳ϶Ҳͷ̧ɻشǰǳǿ׳ľԳ
ƺ֪Ҫοڣ˵˸ֳ֮ĬȥеԽԽ࣬Ҫ޳һ㡣
һ̣޳ȴ͵һһ˿ԾǰվȻ𺳷ǳǿɢһ޵ѹٽȴ־ѹƺﲻ㡣
ǰ˸˵ĸоǳǿ󣬿־ֿ飬ǰõģαһ롣
ô£޳Ҳؿһʱ˶뵽˳ĬУڴŶԷҪԷ
󣬻ǽվԳ˳ĬֻŸһڣܺȻһ˿ԭȰƽ͵ҹͻȻ䷢һ˿Ť
޳һæ϶ǰɽȥȵСģֻǸþ
ҲͽˣΪǰλ龳ָ˵ѹΪλ˵Ĳʵ
վ޳壬ǵٶùܿռı仯һܵľɫѾ˷츲صĸı䡣
ҹѾԭΧԳԺȺȵľԳҲѾʱ޳ǾǱһ֮⣬ԹߵݿǰһС
ǿǰŻţŵƽʣϲ
洫һӤĽųĲ㽡
ˡ޳һһ˲˲Ŀǰͷλ֮ĽվԳһССӤ߳ᣬ͵͵ĶŪŻеĺӡ
ӦĺӰɡ޳ƶôΪ˽ЩϣвûмǿĴڻк
ֿվԳһҸĳǳ̫ܰȻ޳ӯĸо
һԹߣʱȴ侳ů٣ӵע뵽˶ůڵģĵҪ΢Ц
ָо޳һ˲˲ؿǰǺþվǿǸجΡ
뵱ڻþпһɫվ˺´ǰɱʬǱҰվԳһ򣬵վûܹסˡ
˱ɱҲɱĺأ޳һֱѰţûпĺӡ
潻̫죬֪Ѿ˶ֻ꣬վԳѾԵһһɱ
޳һο÷ǳ֮γֵģͬ侳һ㿴վԳײ˳صԨǸ¹ŵصеԨǸ֮ǰ޳ڵ·ϹԨ
ʹ޳оһɳǵʹÿһͷÿһ˿궼ڲȴţ벻͸֪һʲôϵֱһοǸһģһá
ʱҲѾ֪ȥ˶꣬ѹûãŰɱվԳһսľȻãþȻһģһҲ޳һģһ
ôܣ޳صһ۲ţȻǰҲͷܣԼóһģһһֱڸԼֻõһֶΣϵҪҪ䣬Ȼ֪ʵĿʲô
Ǵʱȴʵͬһˣ޳ĳʵ̫
ⲻܣ޳ŬԼ侲ԪʱѾ׵ķϢܹԼ侲ۼһΪʵһΪ飬ֻԼ
ܵƺǰ龰סˣѹûзӦ޳תͷһ·϶ͣһ˲˲Ŀǰ
һʩչǹȥǵʶǰĻþնϡ
ûⲻһþѣռʱһϷ޳һӽ˻˵Сˣռǵ˼һȥԶ޷
ľѣĨ˰亹ղһ̣ȫûзԼѾܵ˻þĹƻ
ֻǣڿ޳Ŀдһ˿ɻ;֣ǸղŶһ֣Ȼ޳һģһ
Ϲʲôѵǲ𣿡ǰɽ߳˴ȵıǳ࣬Ŀ¶׹⣬һ˲˲ؽÿһ˶һ飬һĸ¶ɵı飬һŹ
ΣǾԲԻ޳ǰɽΨһ뷨ҪΪ޳סϡ
޳ǰǰɽν˵£壬ֻһþѡ
ԣһþѣǲģҲҪ룬壬ǾǸˡȫеĻ˳
ųȻĴĵˣǾ޳ǾԵĳɷûôס
˵ŸȶǰͻȻִһ˿𶯣ܵ龰һֿʼ仯
˵ȴͬ׹Ԩһ㣬ܵĿռ侹Ȼʼٵرѡ
ĩպƽ𣿸ĻռԭȻ˼


1520 Ԫس
ѵǻռ˼𣿿ܲϱĿռ䣬˵ɫҰףĻңôǿĿռŤ֮Ҫѣ
˲ԼͬĿ޳ʱܹҲֻˡ
ǰɽһ㣬ǰҪĿռ󻹲ǱϴѹסˣʱռȻǱ֮ǰɽлҪࡣ
ġ޳ɫȴЩأתͷһǰɽĻŸ䣬ַܵ˾ҵı䶯
ԭǻ΢ֵܹŤ֮ͻȻǿʮϣҪǵĹͷֱӸˡ
ʹ˾һһ¾ͻѪͷӶûʣ£һӾռŤ֮ʵ̫ˡ
޳ˢһչУ˵һҪġ
Ȼڰοǣȴһ׶ûУռıŤ֮ǿĲ֪׻ﵽεȳ̶ȡ
ҪٳһҲŲȥ
ǰɽ޳ѾǷǳ˽ģһɫͲ³˼֣Сʵϴôܹȥ𣿡
޳΢΢ҡҡͷʹ˸ɫǰɽһѾĴ㡣
޳ûģ׶༪ˡ
֣Ҫô㾡ܷԸѵĿ޳֣ص˵
һܹˣǾǰŤ֮ʱֻʣˣƵΨһİ취޳ǺҺҲǳ޳жҲĸԸʹ
޳ͷʵµ󷨷ǳֿ֪ɷָһҽ뵽С
˵ãޱؽ²⴫һܹ˵޳
޳һ˿ź˵󷨣һæ
ͷӦʣʦһ޳ʼ
һ޺󣬵ʤҪȴǼٵģԾ޳һҲʩչľ֮һа٣һˣҲԷӳһ˵
޳ɢһٷݣȻȳƵעķ˫ֽһصַһһ뵽С
ֻһصػƳ֣һ޵ͼӡ档
ͼļ룬ӱࡣ
޺֮һа٣ȵ󷨳γɣᷢӳǧٱʱͬһǧ޳ʩչһ㣬ʱࡣ
ܵŤ֮סһӾͱð֮ڣռ˲Ͱ˴˿
Ӧûû޳ֱԼһֻһʼѣⱳߣԲ׵ķŹǡ
ȻǻδüЪһܵŤ֮Ͼǿ˰ٱ
˴󾪣Ҳ޺
ⲻܰµĲ֮֮ˣղҲֻǸֵܣǲ֪ġȵ˵
ǰɽţɫһףŵ˵˼Ŀưɣ
ʲô˼ĿƣǴ󾪣һߴ߷޳ȹһʵ
ǰɽЩǷϵ˵þУǵһ˼άǵĿ棬˼Ƕܹ׾ٵĽػ񡣡
ľѣǰɽޱ˵һľĻֻģǣһжʵǲõͷȰʲôҪ룬
֣ûЦɣ𲻿ŵ˵˵ʵǷ˼ҲһĲţֻþôֱ߳δţѹͲܰ
ʵöôǿΪܹ˵Ļþ
ǰɽһۣû˵ҸϴѾֹһˡ
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Ѿˣ˵һж췽ҹ̷ôǿǻܹӵóȥ
ҲҪģҪԼ޳˵ģأԴһ˰ϢһӸƽ˷
ǰɽվһԣ˽һ飬Ȼ󾲾޳ķԸ
ﶼżģżʲô취ܵĿռ֮ϵĽţʱ˭Ҳʾ
Ӧûܹһӣ޳һ£Ȼ˵һ취Ҫ뿪
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ˣÿ˶Ǽ򵥵ģھԵʵǰҲõͷʱѵľϵĲ졣
Ҫǽȫһԣ
޳ҡҡͷĽ飺ֻһλᣬһһܳɵİ취Ȼհճͬİ취Ըǡ
ûʱܹܲһͻҲǸ⣬ðաǰɽͷӦ
һֽü˼˭һͻƵأҪȻͳȥˡ
ҽѹ׵ķط˵˳ǻҲܹһʤİ취
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һŤ֮Ҫǵǿܴ࣬һ̵ıۿžҪˡ
ƴˣǲԴѽż˵
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Ψһİ취ֻܿƽס
ƿơвϵĻ֣Լеĵƶһ飬ͻȻ뵽һ취
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ͽڤĸ˳ǣڤռ䵱вһ֣һӻĵﵱС
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¹ŵأǾԳһ壿޳ʵ
ڤĴһ˿£
⵽ôһ£Ԫ֪ѵ˵ڤԭ¹ŵأǱǿзӡģ޳תԪ顣
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⡭޳ͷͻȻһֵͷл¹ŵصпĺµӣѵ˵ʱںƽ֮ʱĻ뵽¹ŵص
ˣˣڤĲԵֿŤ֮ԪɡԪ˵
Ԫ̫ðˡ޳ԣ򣬱һ˻Ԫ֣֪ʲôѣԪðա
ԪȴЦһ˵ΪǧټƵĲûþΪʲô㲻վҪԡ
޳һ𣺡˼˵Ѿ֪Ԫ
ûǰ벻ͨΪʲôĻþŤǵĿӦþҪҶԪ
Ǿˣǲ˼ơ޳ǲӦ֪Ԫһ֣ͻо޴١
ܲôˣԪĻǶСӣҪٷϻˣóõңͷȻֱԪүүһ治£Ԫǳ˵ʶôã޳ѵÿô֣¡
Ȼѻ˵ˣ޳ҲŤֱӽ򿪶˵ȻˣôǾͺҵĸһ
ûҪҵĸһǼȻô뿴ԪүԪǿԪ


1521 
¡¡ͻȻһƵƳתһԭʼĴڴ򿪣һǿƴ޳ڳһֱ
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һǰɽĻʱòӸ߿յȥͻƣͻƣҲ̫˰ɣ
Ǵ޳ɢֿܣĿɿڴĿ޳ֿǡ
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¡¡ԽԽ󣬵̲ססͷʶˡ
ǰɽʶԾæʵϴô
£ǹ˺Լ޳
Сģǰɽص˵޳˵£Ӧþû⣬תͷ˵ҶۼԷһʱȥ׼
ãźˢһ¾£Ȼһ˲˲Ķ޳
ʱ޳Ҫһ㣬ϵƲϵıǣأҪض͸
Сӣ׼ˣԪ˵
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ͬһ̣ǿޱȵŤ֮˶ݵͣ٣һࡣ
ǿľѡ
¡¡ǳתԽԽǿһɲãƳ˴ǿʲôˣ
ʲôǿϢɲã֮Զһ㣬⵽ʲô
ǿǲǵ˵ֱŵĿ޳û뵽޳Ȼôһڱ
ǰǲûп޳ʹκû뵽Ȼôһ֡
ڳˡǰɽĿԪǹӴĴ˼ά˵ͣ͵Уǵһοȴ𺳡
һΣԪɢƱǰҪǿࡣ
СӣڤҲٻԪ̽޳ȻԪѾҿԪĴɺ֪Դʱı¶
޳Եͷˢһ¾ͽһһСżڤĸٻ˳һΣΪԪ򣬼ڤĵĵӴ࣬ǲŸһ֣ɢһ⡣
żı֮һ³ӣ޳ǰɽǻס֮ᱻס
⡭𺳵ѾһĻ˵ˣǰһĻʵ𺳣޳ǿһ㡣
һֻĴ󶦲˵żڤģ˶Ǽʶģٶ˵ڼڤĵĴ˵οǰѾ˵ڤľ޳ϣļǹ𺳾Բܹġ
ܵķƺ֮ͱֹͣˣŤ֮Уһӱ΢ǹ̶ͬһ㣬תţȻչǿԪͼڤ˫֮£òһ
޳ڿնڸ߿յвϵתԪͷϣ޳ٶתţһ˿һ˿ԴԪɢע뵽ڤıⷢļ֮С
ⷽһӾͱð࣬ţֹһжʼûʱֹͣ˵Ҳļ
žʱ򣬿ͻȻסһ
һ䣬Ȼ
֮ڳţ޳ȴֱ𶯲ѡ
Ȼô˵ݵ˲ֹһһ׵ԭȵһˣһȴЩİ
ǵ˭ⱳ˶ˣ޳гģ˲ֹһһкܶ˶Ԫ
СӣȲЩȽͳȥȻһٻصǻþпһԪͻȻ˵
ȥ޳ȵʵǻþʧ𣿶첻Ƿǳų
Ԫ˵ȷʵѾʧˣҪ֪þƾվܹģҪһþֵľйصıԴ
˼˵ǱԴʮǰİйأ޳ϲʵĻһҪıԴõ
ûץٶȣǱԴջȥ֮ǰҪõԪ鼤˵ǰȷʵǻþУǶǱԴȴǳ֪Ҳŵļ䣬ܹͨⱾԴеõ𰸡
Ŀ޳ľͷһӸˢһ½ڤУͬʱɿתͷϵԪҲɿתһԷ뵽֮С
ѽռֿʼˣǴ󾪡
ǰɽæοǵҲҪżϴӦ취ǳȥ
ǰѾЩԾʮ㣬˶ټʱ׼
޳ǳǰɽĶûк֮ǵĿʼؽһԭƽĿռ䱻ٴνҡ
һԭŤ֮ѾѹƣǸס
̡ռ䷢˱ѣһ˿˿͸ռȾһ˿ʵĹâ
һĨϲУ޳ûϾͿԳȥˡ
޳תٶԽԽ죬ڤɢ⣬ı˵ɫ˺ɫǼ֮ԭӦǱģһ̣ȴǳ˽ռ
֮һб飬ԪѹԼʹǱģûзɿƵĶ
ЩߵĸģҲҪǿռıˣŵĲˣһСģǾͻᱻ顣
׼޳ͻȻ
ǰɽһ𣬽ȫټ˵ϴָӣȫҪǻסꡣ
һȫע˿
¡¡ִһ޴ĳתȻȻֹԪͻȻͣסһ̣޳Ϸ壡
壡˴ȣȫŶϷȥֻǰͻȻһ׹⣬ͬҫ۵̫һ㣬Ҳһ˲ǵطһնವһ¾û뵽ǶС
ĳˣ˸˵غû뵽޳ȻĽռ˺ˡ
ѽϴôǰɽתͷһ޳ǻռ䵱С
ʱǿռѾҲҵŤ֮Ƭռ䶼תת
ѽżУȥȴǶھȻڿٵķգһǿųѹá
ǰɽҪˣżغϴѽ
޳ȴֻüǺһģȻವһ¾;뵽Уˢһʧ
һ̣ƿĿնҲ׸ռ䡣
ˣôǰɽţ޳ôܻӲⲻģԲġ
ԣǷģһĿԻƽġǰɽһǿԼ侲ʱԲңҪΪ޳
һߣ޳뵽ʱУмڤĺԪѹҪˡ
һܵĿռ佥ıƽԪӦѾ뵽ĻþˣҪץʱ䡣
ãûĸӦǱԴʲôط޳һһʵҪܵĽʡʱ䣬ⷽռ䲢ȶһ֪ͻռ飬ʱҪȥǱǰҪѡ
Ԫ˵ҵĸоǳģطȥҿһ֮ء
޳ͷһǸطһֱǳĿ־壬ȻǰǺƽٷ֮ǰׯڵأǻ̲ס֮ĳ
ãȥһ֮س˹ȥ


1522 
ܵľɫϵĵˣ죬ԽԽ˴̹ǵĺ硣
ⷽռǰŤ֮Ѿ鲻˾ǣþȻţȻ᧿Σ
޳һ߷һ߹۲ܵľɫǰƺﲻһˣǴĻǰӡ
ǰһƬʱѾɬ룬ѹ֦ͷһɲľ鲻һ
޳ﵱУԪ˵
ҿɣǱԴʲôҲֻƾˡԪ˵
޳һ£Ҳû˵ϸѰȫɢȥһһѹŹÿһ䡣
ԽԽ̹ͣǱ䣬һƤϣԱһЩ뱻⺮ѣصڵϡ
޳оһɹϢع۲ܣֱԼϾͻ仯
ȻûãܵľͿʼ˱仯Щ뾹Ȼʼ黯ܵĿռҲʼһŤŤͬǰռ䵱бںϡ
ںϺ黯ûгãأͷǰľ﷢ı仯ԭȻһƬѾһƬɫѵĻĵأ׹˶ʱ䣬ȻǰѾͬˡ
תܵҲ˷츲صı仯޳ֻܴһǰͻȻһֵĻ档
ⲻ֣Ǿš޳ͷһһ˲˲Ŀǰǵվڻ꾳ǰ淢һһǰȴ
ǰľԳǷĺţţţÿֻԳ϶¶žֺ;
Ǻƽٵʱ޳һ˲˲ĿǰµûĻǵĺɫվԳŰɱһ龰
ⲻģԲܣǰͻȻһʹĺ޳ȥǺرϤϸһȻǰº͡
ʱɫѾûǰĵʹݣڵǻһһһľ֣ŨŨıɢ
˵ʲôʲôģ޳һֱҪȥȴһεڵ
Ԫ飬ûа취ǽȥ޳żԪ顣
û취ֻܵŻþҪʧһ̣ǲſԴ͸Ԫ͸һޱȵĳء
޳ĲԾʵôˣǲΪǰ龰
޳֪Ԫֻǳų⣬϶һſɴСĹϵٴμһ⵽ŰɱԪ϶ܡ
ҵȷʵáƵ˵һ䣬졣
޳żĿǰһĻżѣȴ޿κΣǰһжѾʵֹֻԹһܼ尾Ŀš
ⲻģǰЩԳ׷ʲô飿ʲô¶˰˵ĺ
϶ʲô飬޳ϵչÿһϸڶεӳС
ҲźţԴ
¡¡ǰһҵĺһȻһ³ھԳУ޳ͷһϢѾİǺɫվԳģҲ˵Ǻ»ãԭͬһˡ
޳뵽õʵòһģһͻȻе㲻ҿȥ
δü룬ǰͻȻȲѵһĻ
֪浽׷ʲô飬Ҳ֪¶ԾԳһ˵ʲôֻЩԳһͻȻȫƬķϵ
޳ʹźţȴʱͻȻʧ޳ôŬû취ڽʲô
ǻȴԽԽԿЩԳͻԸܵǵѪҺǵľʵɡ
ڸʲô޳͵һȺԳȻȫ˺Լ
Ƿ޳żѣҪȥǱεصط˻ڵϡ
һ̣ǰѾһֻֻԳڵϣǵ״ңȫԼ¡
ǾȻɱ޳ĳģһɱԺС
׷ʲô飿ΪʲôɱģΪǱɱھȻôһĻ
ⲻģûɱ޳ҡͷ𺳵Ĳˡ
ԣǻþþĶôԵ棿һⱳĲٿҪԻ⽫ˡ
һ̣ǰͻȻһУ£ǸԸһжΪֹ𣿲Ҫ峤֪㡭
˵۶ˮ͵͵İţ̧ƣĳԼͷ
޳ţһеǰȥȴֻĿŶһԼǣеˮסеĹȻʧɫһʻ˲ʧˡ
ô£޳˵һعڵϣ֪ΪʲôȻЩǰʶȴޱȵʹ
ǰı绹ڼţһһԳɱǰһ̣ϹŰˣһ޷˵Ľѡ
ĸԸġ޳૵߶ΪʲôôΪʲô
һȺ֪ϣΪǵܹȱҸǣ룬һжҵģû˭ܹı䣡²ЦţЦȴûбĶ
ﾲĿſţǰԳһԼǰЩˣȴĳˣ뿴
Ҫɱˣ޳ʹغ
ЩԳȫ˷һ㣬һһɱԥ˭ҲûѣСճӤûĥѡ
Ⱥɵӣ޳ʹغ
ʱͻȻת޳
޳ವһ¾ʹӵվߺ޵Ŀһ̣ͻȻֺµ˸ı䡣
ԭһͷɫĽվԳξͿʼСȻһģ
޳кһֻʵر۾зĳ֣ľʹ
µûӹȻԼһģһһͻȻЩ׹Գһ϶ǲӱǵ峤֪ԲŸԸ
һǺ¸ǴĳЭ飬ˣ˼ıƭȺľԳ޹ȥ
ĺúݣ޳ȭͷݺݵĶǰǸһģһӰ
һ֪˭ҲԲһԼܵʲô飬һҳ࣬һߺʧȥǣּ͵ѣһ̣ͻȻ֪ԼҪʲôޱȵǿ
ǰִһҵĺ¡վԳһƼǰΣѣ´ս
ԭ֮ǰڻþпĻ˳ˣ޳֪ĸȷģĸǴģиȴڸǰһУӦ÷
ı˷ߺޣ޳ͻȻоһ˿ر˵Ĳ
һæʵԪ飬ôˣ
شһ΢Ԫ龹ȻˣʶôãλһֱβļһﾹȻˡ
ģһҳġ޳ĬĬ˵ͬʱҲڶԼ˵ʮ֮ǰ׷ʲô飬һҳ𰸡
ǰĻֿʼת䣬֮޳ڻ꾳пĴͬС죬վԳըǸԨ´ս뿪¹ŵء
ǰһֿʼ滺Ҫʼ仯޳ವһ¾ͳ˽ȥҪȥѰұԴʧǣֱǰĻٴθı䣬ûзκ
Ԫƽ֮󣬶˵ȥһɡ


1523 Ԩ
ԨԭһƽأǵվԳҳģĴ¹ŵࡣ
޳Ԩ£Ѿİһν¹ŵصʱ򣬾õһǳѰ˺ܶϹ⡣
֮ǰϸŲһЩصĹĹͶѨ֮⣬ûĵط
һĿĲͬÿһ䶼סϸĲ鿴
ȥǸѨԪͻȻ˵ЩƣȻûӸղŵȫѳ
޳Ҳأ΢΢һͷֱǰȥ
ܺѹѹһƬʱѾûϹ⣬޳ֻɢȥܹ
;ĸѨҪȥĵѨ
ѨǰĸЩһԵøСһɭϢǵ޳߽ⶴѨʱɭϢȴͻȻˣȡ֮һɹӵϢ
Ȼж޳һϲæ߹ȥĶˢһ³ΧΪһ
ֵط֪ǱʲôΣգԲܵġ
޳һĳǰ̽ȥǰȷʵһɽƣһӴͱ
޳ɫһȻˢһγһǿĹһӽڽѹס
ûüƺͷƣҪȻɾ鷳ˣһ׾ٵľͻ˽ơ
ವһ±ʧԭأһ̾ͳڶѨ档
ǣⶴѨȴһƬСĸоȻ޴棬Ǭĺܡ
ǰȥ;ȼųƣ֪˶꾹ȻûϨ߶ҡҷӰͶڵϡ
ܾĵģûһ˿죬޳ϢҲûзһ˿춯
ûһǰͳһʯţŸսӽʯţԶһ´ˡ
޳ϸĹ۲һ£ֲûӦûˣУ˵ʵҲ϶֮ϡ
ˣǴҲ򲻹Ծֱ˽ȥ
ЩעѰұԴԪͻȻ޳һ䣬ת뵽ԪС
޳ƣûиоκϤϢǰֻǴһʯףԪͻȻôˣ
ҵУмͣһڹӵİɫʯ֮⣬û޳ҿһ£ֳ˴ʯ׵ɢһ˿Ϣ֮⣬ܲûϢ
ʯˣ
޳ǰȥǻ⣬γһɷǳСѹ߿
ԽԽʯףҲɱʯףʯ׵ȴûзһ˿ֿ
޳׾ٵľͽӽʯףҵģƽ嵽˼£סʶȻˢһ¾ͽ׸˿
ܵǹɹӵϢǴðģʱʯױ򿪣ǹϢһӾɢ˳ãӣԶһ㡣
ʯһʮ֮ǰ޳ͻȻôһͷĿʯһɵԭء
ֻʯһλŮӣ㣬˯һ㡣
Ǵʮ꣬ⱣҲ̫ˣھȻһ㸯ʴļûС
ôе죿޳΢΢üͷϸĻ롣
ͻȻò㺰ŵĿǰŮˣⲻǰڻþпĽվԳһӣޱźӣ龰
ǽվԳӻûģǰŮӵò
ѵ޳һ˿ֵĸоսӵͷһ£ȷλŮӾǽվԳӡ
ӦǽվԳӱɡ޳˵üĿǳƽУվԳӦҲû⣬ɷıֻϧ֪վԳȥַ֮ʲô顣
޳ϸĹ۲һ£λŮӱķǳãֻûкһ㣬˯ŮӺ޶¡
ǡԪͻȻԪдһ˿
Ԫ飬ʶ𣿡޳һͻȻʵ
Ԫȴ˵콫
޳ôʹ࣬ҳɣץסӳ׿ڸǹȥ
ô£Ԫôˣ޳һͣͻȻоԪдһ˿ΪԪôˡ
һ̣ȴͻȻܵһĶ˳
Ԫ龪ĸ׵꣡
ʲô޳ɫһףæȥƣȴͻȻܳһɣǿһӾͽסˡ
ֻоһ飬һವһ´ڳ˳֨һû뵽ʯ׵С
ĸף޳æܹȥȴĸ׵Ѿ뵽ʯ׵еŮڣ
޳붼δ͵Ҫȥĸ׵
˺ԪͻȻ˵޳һȥʯ׵еŮӶȻɢ
ĸ걻ˣ޳ż˵йʬн飬ǰΣһʬҪĸ׻ǿô죿ʱĸ׿Ҳܻˡ
ǰȻûҵʯôĸ׵ʱȹҪĸ׵ģԲ֣
Ԫȴ˵ʱĸ׵һͻ᳹׵ɢ
޳͵͵һ޲ֱһȭǰŮʬɢ
ǵٴοŮʬʱһʹǹֵĸоٴϮ
֪ŮǲǶĸ׵ԵʣͻȻоǰŮϤĸоϤдκʹۿһ¾ͺˡ
Ҳ֪κʹԶĸ׵ģǶǰλŮӣǰŮȷʵʶ
ͻȻһ΢졣
޳˹ȥһ˲˲ĶǰŮʬŮʬȻɽ˫ȴһ˿˵Ϣղĸ׵ġ
ĸôһģ޳֤š
û£ס˺ǰŮӣ׵֪𣿡͸һ˿͡
޳˼⣬׵ΪʲôǰŮϵһѵΪĸ׵뵽Ůӵ
޳סҾңʲôʱ㶼ҪԼжϡĸ˵һ仰ܵһ˿Ҳľ뵽˳ŵС
޳ʣҪȥʲôȴҲû˻Ӧ
Ԫ飬Ĳ֪˭𣿡޳ϣԪϣǰŮӶֶã׵ִǲ֪ôˡ
׵ĻɡԪĬãֻ˵ôһ䡣
ҽߡ޳룬ֱӽʯ׸ϣ˴һߡ
ԪͻȻЩŹ֣ɱԪУҿ϶ܲˡ
ԪȻ֪ԼΪμʯ׵еŮӻ˵ģԿ϶ʯ׵еŮһ뵽ԪУһġ
⵹һ⣬޳ԭ뽫ԪеģΪΪֹûбȫĵطˡ
Ԫ˵һطԪȫ˶ˣ
ҪŲҪŹײأһವһ¾ȻҪӡ
޳һӽʶУЦίһɡ
Ȼɷ˵ؽǿʯ׷뵽˶ĵС
ȻѾ˵ŮӵϵһŮӣŮӾԲΣǲẦģڶ֮Ҳġ
һж֮ԭȰʯ׵ĵطͻȻһ˿Ȼವһ£Źɿ档
޳ɫһæȥµûĻǾԪҪҵıԴ


1524 ٻص
ǵʧķǳ죬ֻһɲǾû뵽ǰĺҹУ޳ʩչǧٷɿĸȥֻע뵽ǵС
ƺʮһֱûʲôı䣬֮󣬲ûжĲ
޳ವһ³嵽ǰһǶȴûд򿪣档
ȫȥƳԪͻȻ˵
޳һؽȻһһ³ǰȥ
˱Ƶһȵǣǿһûжκ˺ֻſ޴ͣóһͨѡ
ǿǣ޳һĨ죬ҲܹﵽǿĵزǾͺˣȻ忰ԶħǱϾѪ֮ת۷ǲҲˡ
ǾȻһ鶼ûС
ԪЦ˵нƣɢֻŵİ취ѡ
޳ȴ𶯲ѣǴžҪ۷ϵ֪ʮ֮ǰһкεȵǿ
ϸĻֱԼǰĶϣǵʵʵӦòֹڱֳĶѡ
Ԫ˵㵹ǲ¶ˣʮ֮ǰһ壬Ϊǳ磬ﾳ磬ʱػǳĺãҪ쾳磬Ҳʲôѵ飬ߴﵽ磬֮Ǹ߲ʵĵز
֮޳ǰƺչһΰĻ⻭ͨϣһңɼĸо˵췽ҹ̷һ
ѾǳˣھȻиĴڣϢ粻ϢһһŨŨս⣬ƺͨŬҲܹﵽһһ
С־Ԫ͵˵һֱ޳ⲢΪ޳Ϊ츳ߣΪ޳Ͽһֺĺݾ
Ҫųɹ˲٣ǼųɹҲηŬȥܹ޳زģȴֻ֮һˡ
Щǿ޳ɳģҲ֪޳Щ࣬µĺˮ಻ʤܹߵ죬һ㶼⣬ֻ֪һֱȥ
ڵߵֵزһжǵÿ޳Լ
뵽Ԫο˵ȥɣҲܹҵһЩ𰸡
Ԫǲʲôˣ޳ʵִʱԪǰ˺ܴĲͬ
ڼʯ׵еŮ֮޳һȶ࣬ȻǰԪʯ׵еŮӣǳļܡ
ԪȴҡҡͷЩȻ˵ûȴһݰңҲ֪⵽Ϊʲô֮Ƚǵв鿴ɣܹҵһЩʲô˵Ҳһ£þûʧϿж
û˵ǣþȻʱûʧǾ˵ⱳ֮ˣȻǷʲôȻ˼׳ôһջǲȥ˰׷˼ˣ
һԪ޳Ƿǳģ˶һ¿ˮ̵ӣ֮֮Ȼ˼֪Ǵ󵨵Ľܾˡ
ڵҪҪţԼ顣
޳߽ȥ֮ǵĳǰǼһһ¾͹޳Ҳ⣬֪һͨ
Ȼڲ֪ģڲڣǾڣʱ޳Ҳƴ
ǳĿ㣬߸ߵţʮɸߡ
޳̧ͷǰȥϸĸһ£ûзмڤĵϢļ䵱У׺ǴǰǸҳڤĵġ
СӣǸڤϣǲֵܳġԪͻȻ˵
޳һʵǲ˵ڴڵĶܳþУҲ˵úͺ²Ҷ𣿡
⻰ЩڣԼ˺ܾõ˼һӾ͸˵©ˡ
ԪЦЦ˵ʲôѵһ֪ЩͲҪˣĸ˵ĶԣֻҪԼͿԡ
᲻֪޳ʵһֱڽԼǲãǲǵɺƽٵǸ֡
޳Ԫô˵Ķʱֳʵ⵽ôһ£
һֱв⿪ܣһֱ֪ʲô顣
Ԫȴģɵ˵Ҳ֪ҿԿ϶ǰĺºǽվԳֻǻþеĻþû֣ƼǵʱѾʼģ𣿵ֱ黯ˡ
޳ϸĻһ£ȷʵˣȻлþгֻþ龰ôԽԽˣ
룬Ҳ벻Ȼϸǵвѯ
ǰǱԴע뵽ǵУ鿴һ˿ûκϢ
תһȥǼҵпһյģѹزκ
ûԪͻȻ˵ССһ㣬ǰдܴڡ
ţ޳ֵһϸĹ۲һ£ûзǰκϢԲỳԪжϣˢһסԼسǰȥ
˼ǰȻһ˿Ȼǳ΢޳ǳǿ󣬻Ǳ̽ˡ
޳𾪲УԪ龹ȻôͲˣһʵѵָ
һ̣Ԫһ˵ôܹҲóԭѵϢСӣԼסԲܵģϼһϲˣ֪ʹʲôС
ǺǺǣϼһϲС֮ĶȾ֮ʲôʱϲˣǰһˬʵЦȻһӰವһ³޳ǰ
ǰ޳ȵغû뵽ﾹȻգתͷһܣͻȻЩ׹ʵĻþǰİɣ
˭ǶϼһƭˡԪֹһ
ղˬ˵ϼһô˵ģߵô꣬ڹһڲŹ˵
޳иӾȣֻûʲô飬ԪѾ
˵Ƥ湻ģʲôôꣿ˵㲻Ǳˣ㵹˵˵ǰþô£ΪʲôԪز
յɫһͣͻȻЩεرĬȥ
ԪӸӵӵ˵˵˰ɣ˵˵ʲôö˼ˡ
ʲôöı㶮ǿģǧҪҪءһӾͱȼ˵ıһž
ԪſԪ棬۾˵ʲôƱ˼ȥˣǲǱ˰㡣
ûúô㻹ֻǻָô㾹Ȼ˵ңߣҪһֱڱð
˵һ仰ʱ͵һסԼͣ⣬˵©ˡ
ԪЦɣȻǱ˰ɣ㻹ϡ
ûİһۣƯ޳ΧϸתһȦʵôҿڱʲôˣôûǲǳĲܼˣ
ȥģĸУȻҪң±ȥɡԪͻȻ֧֧ðôһ䡣
Ÿ˵꣬յɫ䣬ϸĶ޳ĵҪԪʳһ㡣
ɫǳأҲȥʵ㲻Ĳܹ˰ɣڵֻô£Ǵðģ
޳һѵղ֪ԪĴڣԪôϤѣԪԪĶ飬֪ܲԪĴѽ
Ԫðһ䣬޳ģˣֻԪ˵֣ôϼһĵôϤӣʶ𣿡


1525 ڶԴ
ʶ𣿡Ԫ׳һ֮󣬱뵽˳ĬУǵڳ޳նĪ
޳֪Ԫļ䲻ȶģǰֻϤս̸ʱعͷǰļ䵱ʮģġ
ղ֪һЩѽɫÿӰøãҲˣ˵ϼһôôС㻹𣿲ʱҲҲΪȳǻ򰡣
ԪȴĻûȤ޳˵СҪˣϼһÿ¶ֱʱ򣬾Ҫʹʱˣ֪ڱʲôء
ָ޳ĵҪ߷ߵƮһߣЩ˸е˵㿴񶼳ˣ㻹Ҫڿҡ
ҸֺõȥǱ֪ѹͲΪǸˣɱҵĶаɡԪСֹֻ޳һ
⵽ô£޳һʺţǴʱֲܹʳֻĬĬĵưͣվһԾ
տһ޳ĵԪû˶ͻȻ¶һЦݣЦתһȦ˵ղŵǰ³Թܶο˰ɣ˵ԽԽȥ˰ôСһЩ嶼
ԪԪ֮ϣ˸ۣм˵˭ֻΪĥСӣⲻ˵ưˣΪЩֶĺܸ𣿡
޳ĬĬćˣѵֶβˣһı̶̬ȿʷһģʺԪڣɱλŹֵǰˣҪȻһӸֶΣǻҪҪųȥ
Ȼһʱ÷ǳߣƵ˵㻹ǵ˱˻ԣҪʮ֮һЩʧ飬Ϊôù
Ԫ鲻˵˵ûСڽĿ飬ҡ
һ˿ɻӵ޳ĵ￴ҪԪӵﵱڳ
ǣֲŸжԪ󺰵ڻ㣬ţ
վȻͣеɻЩż˵ҵʱ䲻࣬ʲôҪ˵ĸϿ˵ɡ
ԪǺǸЦڲһӡǣͲ֪ɢ˶ˣҸ˵кã
ǣ㲻֪һЩʲô𣿡ü˵
ԪȴЦ˵һǳĻѵ֪ӡҲǿԱ˲ݵģôȲҪңʲôĿģҶ֪Ϊһ׵ϵ𣿡
һĨˣ̧ͷֿһ޳ͻȻҡͷ˵Ȼ㲻ԸţҲûʲô˵ģǲҪұԴҲµĶѵͲҰʹ
ԪǺЦǲ㰵ʹǱԴĶҪֽܹţԸԣΪյļһ˺úŪµĺ־Բܵġ
Ǽһı̶̬ȣǵԪҲľѣµĺֲŲǱ˿õġ
޳öͷԪⷬǸһѣȻǰյ֣ȻϢյģͱ˶ֽš
ŻȲҪԪ飬ϾĿǰΪֹҼԪȴûмԪ˭ҶλޱȵĴڻİġ
ǰһѾǳʣǱ˹ƾǳԪģһʼ޳ΪΪԪǰڿǵĿԪ顣
ڣͬԪ˵ģǵҵпʮ֮ǰܵıԴµ֣ӦûûܹȫĲٿء
޳нЩˣͷҲ˵òˣյӡڿбԽ黯
վĿԪ治ڷĬһͻȻ¶һЦݣ˵ȻҪǱԴϷ͸ǣϼһĲµĻǾðɣ
˵ţһವһ¾ʧԭأ޳׷˹ȥӰ৵ڿǰҳȥ
ԪֱȻǳ£ȷʵǱĲٿ߶ֽţʱת˲֮˷츲صı仯
޳һ׷һд󾪣ȻյϷõϢ
һ̣ͷǼңǵõĵط
һӾЩģ֪ϢԱˣձ
СӣǱԴ֮ͨУб¾ȥɣ˵꣬Ϳٵһ⣬ˢһ³뵽򿪵ҵµͨС
޳ɫһݣԭⱾԴ֮Ͳյ֮ڣǰȻһ㶼ûвֻǱֱӳ뵽ͨС
޳ϸĲ鿴һ£ִʱͨ滹û跴ͼƣ׾ٵؾͶ뵽ͨС
ǰǱԴ֮תٶȲ죬ɾ޳ҪʱͻȻ٣ವһ·ɳȥʮԶֿʼûÿζ޳ҪӽʱͻȻ١
ҪȥԪ鳤˵֪⵽Ǻ»ǻ£ȻǼһõĶôĥ̬
޳Ҳǵһδ򽻵Ҳ͸һЩ֪ʱǵֿҲܱԷҪܵĿ飬Ծĸš
ٶȲһѾ棬貵ıԴ֮ವһ³嵽˸߿յС
޳ɫһ׷ȥǱԴ֮ڿһͻȻֹͣ޳һץһѽץ
һ̣ǰľͷ˱仯ܵĿռ伱ٵŤ
ֻüһǰͳһɾ޴һӽסһһʧȥƽ⣬ವһ³ǰȥ
һʧشĳ׹УȫԿأصڵϡ
Щ⻹ûǱһ̣ԱߴľʱɫЩڣǶˡ
ϴô
үˣ
û°ɣ
Աߴָľǰɽ϶Ѿ嵽ԣæҵؽ
û¡޳ɿصԼϢлεץһűԴ֮ʱסϢ
ǰɽ϶۾ģƽ£ų˿
ϴ㶼ȥһˣǶȥһֱǳˡǰɽ˵
һ£޳ȲѣŲ̶̼죬û뵽澹ȻѾôˣתͷһܣ֮ǰ˵ҪЩ߾Ȼڡ
Щ˼޳ǣڵϣԸ׷棡
Ը׷棡һһһһǼᶨ޳ο̧֣վϵ˵Ȼҿ޳޳ȻҲṼҵİֻҪ޳һ죬ͶȻһϯ֮أ
䣡˸˵غʦֵҲ뵽׷޳еУǼλʿѾȥ
޳һܣǵ֮⣬мλİˡ
ǰɽĿ⣬ǰ˵Щˡ
صˣ޳зɿطӦ֮ǰ֮ҪԪزԣΪȥһȷʵҪˡ
ֻҵѾڲԿռ֮ڱɱˣˣǰЩҴҲ޳Ҫص˻ʲôٶ
ôǣʹ߶޳̬ȷǳĹһǳǫǰһ
޳üڵʱ棬ǲַʲô飿
ҪǰȥʱԭǸ׶ͻȻյڶűԴڽأ


1526 
ڶűԴȻڽأ޳ɫһǽظӵ
Ȼغ¹ŵءɽزΪعŵأȻ򵥵ȥԽԽˡ
λصˣǿҵĺģܹӵһŵصˣǿ˺ֵز
Ҵ㣬㻹ûʱӽɣ첻ҪϿȹԪһ̬һڿһ߹
޳һһ߸ǰɽǰǣһʵǲʶ
ԪҡͷЩģɵ˵ǰŹλȴûнӴҪ˵ʶҲҪ˵ʶʱˣȻ֪ˡ
Խô˵޳ԽӦʶλصˣܹԪٴУλ˿϶򵥡
޳˵ףȥ֮һˣϿҵطڽ˲ûҪʱ׼
صǣԭȵĽѾûĹǣ峤ͼλܳ˲Ŷǲ֮ˣ޳ȻȻĽҵҳޡ
ˣѱ˼Ľңڵõͳһ޳˿ӱ޽Ϣ֪һǳˡ
Ȼһֱû˵޳֪һֱԼнֻͽձģϾ˴˵ӵĺᣬ˵һ裬ͬâڱһ㣬βʹ죬Ҫ׵İγ־ÿϧԽձõĽ֡
ҵ鴦֮޳ǰɽ˽һԪ½ơ
ϴǲ֮֮ڵ£Ƿ˺ö飬е߲²ܳ⣬ʱѱҲǴ˻Ǿģܶ˶ѾԷ֯ҪΪ㱨𡣡ǰɽ˵һ˿οҲǸжС
Կĳ޳д½ϵѾպգģ˶ĸԸĸģҲΪԼϴˡ
޳ҲǸп˵ʵʵְܲһֱеľ˶ǽӫȥģ˦ƹ񵱵ʵ̫ˡ
ǿʲôǰɽЦǺǵ˵ϴɲô룬һָǰУЩȻ˰ȥԸ㣬ĸԸģΪҲװףﶼĺܡ
ͣѽһҪ㣬Ѿǲ֮֮ˣﻹ˿ĺʵĿ
ǣûûǣʱôΣһ㶼ԼΣǶ˳˵ʲôԥģǿˣ
ûǶĸԸĸģ棡
޳վĿ˵ɴҴڴ޳Ҳһ仰ֻҪһ죬һ죬޳ĴˣҲܹ棬޳ȻḺκһˣ
˸ȵһ϶żĺΣǵ˼㡣
Ȼ޳ģǶ֪ʱգλһϲһ߹꣬һΪ޷󼰵񻰣ģ޳ܹ쵽
޳ЩֵǣҲǳ˶־ѾǹһˣϵԽԽأһ㶼ʹ࣬þ񷢡
һɳɾ͸ȻѣеǹԺȴҲܣ˵ǰЩãǰĿԽԽȷҪôֵһ·սȥ
˵ƽҶһ˲˲Ŀ޳ȴĻظ
޳ҲԼƽ˵Ԫ½ص˭Ҳ֪ԵĵǿĵˣȴҪ׼ʵǿ⿿޳һǲܰ쵽ģÿЭ
һȫģ˸ߺ
޳̧ʾҰ˵ǰһǳ·ټ࣬ҶҪȥԪ£ǿģϣڵһ̣ܹҵӰܹһս
׷棡׷棡׷棡һһĺԼľģûȴû˻ɣǼᶨޱȣǰǰһ·ҲԹ޻ڣ
޳򶨵Ŀŵ۸ߺǣһ̣ᵽһ֮֮ϣǧصһĸоǳ΢˷ִһ˿أӽԺҲǸֻΪ˱Ϊ˾ĸ׶ܶ޳ˣһ飬ӽҪΪ˶ս
̧֣µʧҶŵĵȴĽ
ٻԼڣԼ֯ʱ
һģ˶ܲѣΪΪ޳ǶˣٻظԵУʼΪ˽׼
Щ˵жһĽܳܣÿ˵Сǻȥ֮󣬶ȻһСľκˡ
޳һУ㴫һϢ쵼Щˣ򣬱޳Īž쵼һ棬Ҳ磬Խǳġ
ǰɽ˶ȥ֮󣬱˵ϴǰδռ䵱иܵһ˿ֻǻһط̫ȷ
޳룬˵ʵѾѹЩʱˣٳδܹͻƵﾳ磬һԵɵģ㲻ɲ֮һһ
ǰɽͷ˵֪Ҳֻھǿһطܾе㲻ҸоҵѾ㹻ˣǰδռ䵱Ҳܵﾳھӵǳʵȴһﾳģо治ܡ
ǰɽü˵ţһֱż尾һΪ޳δǳǣһ棬Ķ־ĸձ
޳꣬ЦЦ˵Ҳ̫ͻˣһʱ֮䱻ħҲδռ䵱еΣһСľͻ߻ħǵľˣʵȴϣһȥе˾ͺпܴӴ˾ͣһˡ
ǿô죿ǰɽżˣϴɵð취һôȴﾳͻƲˣҲʵ̫ˡ
޳εҡҡͷΪ𣿡
ȻˣǰɽЩ˼ͷⲻżԺһʲô黹֪ܲһֱҪϴ㱣ɣҲܹæ
⵹Ļʱƣ޳֮ĲҲԽԽʱѾҪ޳ܸоԼǰﵹæѾһ׸ˡ
޳ǰصһļ˵˼룬ҵİһ˿ԱȵģھӦ÷ſģԼ׷ʲôҪ룬˼ǳﾳ֮Ĳ࣬ͻʱҲһȻȻ飬겻ãһлǵ˳Ȼ
ǰɽصͷһֹţһԼȥƺЩˡ
ߺֳֻʣ޳϶СѾͷԴ޳֮󣬾һֱվԱĬĬĿûгţĹɡ
ʱ˶ˣһӰԭضԵЩִ
ү㡭û¾ͺá϶ʹЩߵ˵Щżˣ޲ֱӳȥҪǴһֱѾȥ޳ˣҺƽµĹҪȻ治֪ԼǺˡ
޳ߵģůůģǰȥ䴹㷢ʵǲǵˣ
䡭϶ͬȼһ㣬ɱһƬŵĲˣүȻܵľٶҪˣ


1527 ͻ
޳δ϶ܵľٶһֱһԴһ㣬΢Ĺػδ
ʱǵľٶ϶ߵú޲ҸȥǺվԭأ֪ô졣
޳ӣͻȻҪŪһµ飬ͻȻĴǰúܽͷߣ˵ô㲻𣿡
ǣ϶æҡͷż˵϶ȻүүƽˣȻ϶
Ȼ޳ֿһ֣Ķʵ
ҡҡ϶˵˰죬˵żĲˣôһ仰˵ү᲻ĲѽǼˡ
һҪ޳ӣ޳иһƬͻȻֱ۽ȦڻУصذԼؿڣЦ˵ˡأ֪϶һǵүĶԲԣ
ţԣ϶رүүû¡϶ȫ޳Ļţȫû˴ʱĶжô
ȵֵʱѾĶܵγˮˣӽӲţҶһ¡үȻǲΣ϶ԼҪҸûȥˡ
޳ŻŮķӦͻȻޱȵ㣬˵ڻ֪Լ⣬ԼҲ׻ˡ
Ѿͷκ֧֣һֱǳжȻǰ϶ҵѾߣ޸˭ûнĵѾͷ
ٵ϶ڵĻķãʵͻͽع⣬ʱСѾͷĶֻΪ˱޳һϧĸ޳
˵ʱ򣬻ĸ޳ǳİٵ϶ǧСع⣬Ѿͷһֱ޳ᶨؽүûΪԼݶ
෴һֱǳ޳֧ĿУ޳õġ
һУ޳ֲ֪УůôܲжٵѾͷǧټƵĴӼ嵱гΪάˣ档
޳Ȼû˵Լȴޱ֪϶ʱĲֹͣ
Ҳһ̣ԼģεºܣܹСѾͷ˺صһݸ顣
ȻѾͷڿܻף޳Щζʲô޳Ѿɬ꣬϶ףҲĽ׵ġ
д⣬޳Ȧס϶ֽһͻȻͷ㷢һ£͵͵˵Ժ޳ڣ˭۸㡣
ү϶ۿģУжԸӣ޳һ仰ʲôֵˡ
ԭվһ޳ɿɣЦ˵ˣѾǴˣʲô
ţ϶æСĿܸоүƺе㲻һԼòүˡ
Сӣ޳οҲȥ˵ŻСѾͷδռ䵱У֮ʵõ绹ȹ̣ڿȥһ°ɡ
˵飬϶ôҪ飬ȷʵδռ䵱Уʵ̫ˣԼֲڣҲûаסǿʶĸо
ǰΪ޳ûⷽ룬һзͻȻоԼʶӿȣҪըһ㡣
޳״̽ʶסҳȥ
ŵ֮˵㻤Ͽ콫ȹסʲô룬Ҫ𣿡
϶ͷϵ飬ȻȶʼǱ
ԭ޳һֱ϶ģԪȴͻȻ˵ȥɣţҪץʱ佫ȹҪȻ˽֮ԿģóľҲ̸Ц֮㳹ױ߻ħɴⲻá
޳һͷǲû뿪϶̫Զͬһ
ԪεҡҡͷʹԪ̻֮䣬һػ
ͬʱСҲ˳ΧԪΧһһ߻һԭ޳ѾĲˣǰδռ䵱иܵľͻƴĸѾĹ
ʱǾԪɢַǳĸ򣬴ΧԪһоţһ߻
ʱúܿ죬޳һ˼ȹ϶ٶҲ޳ĿѾͷȻҲֻ죬Ѿȹ
Ȼ϶ڵ磬ֻȹﾳһΣľ񾳽Ѿȹ̣ԾѾõһ֤һϣֱͻơ
޳Ҳû˺õģеĽѾͷһ¶ģȷʵǺõĲˣѾͷãӣǻ֪ʱԼѾһ̬ˡ
ѽСѾͷǱʵĽʺޡԪզͣԹص˵ͬʱһ޳ͻȻЩڵΪɶҪһﵱӦѡѾͷŶ
޳ı飬ֻ϶ϸļһ飬ȷȷʵ£ڷ
Ƿһ쾳ĸ߰ɣԪЦǺǵ˵һȻԪವһû뵽޳ĵ档
ԿóҲΪ޳ˡ
϶ؿԪû뵽үڣһ˫۾գţȴûʳֵĴ󶦺үĻӦǷǳϤģ˺үͺãҪȻɲ
Ԫ֪ʱѾͷʲôȻûġ
ȵһϢ֮߳ȥʱǰɽҲѾгһ޳͸˵ǰЦǺǵ˵ϴͻˣ
޳ЦſһۣʱǰɽƶѾرĸı䣬ѾͻƵﾳ磬һСӼ״εӣ޳ҡͷΣԺ·ء
ǰɽ˼һԼԴЦ˵ⲻ˷ûһҾȻҲܹﾳ磬ʵǹҫ氡
Ǵ磬ﾳ֮ж쾳磬쾳֮С
ã˵ˣͲȸһ𣿡ǰɽ϶Ļɥ˵֪ľ粻ֵһᣬòͻˣͲֺһ
϶ЦĿǰɽ˵ǴѾˣ㿴㶼Ѿͻ˺ôһˣ㿴Ҷûͻơ˵Ǿɥ˶ͻˣֻûж֪᲻ᱻү
ǰɽɫͻȻúܹŹ֣ĬĬһԺ󶼲ҪѾͷ
ûͻƣڸЦ𣿻ȡЦǰɽͻȻıˣԻѾͷǹģ
ǻƣûͻƣҪԼˣǰɽѾŵſڵ˺
Ǵ磬ôˣ϶ֵؿǰɽͻȻԼԶЩǵĿ޳һۡ
֪ǰɽ޳ǺֵܣȻҲѣɲ˼һӡ󣬵ʱүΪѡ
СѾͷȫүȫλĿǵˡ
޳Цţ϶ǰߣȻǰɽ϶ֻȱȻֱͻƵ쾳磬ҪȻһ϶Ա
ʱҲѾ࣬Ǳߵȵһأ˹ǰһۡ
ص֮ص޳Щ⣬ڷĳҲɽصĵطڵصһǳӴĵص硣
ι죬ؾȻһɽ硣


1528 ݲؽ
һҪȥĩպƽٵ飬˳޳ǣԪ½һЩ
Щ׷޳ǣȥ֮һЩеľӢǹһЭ޳
Ԫ½۽أֽķꣿ
ʱÿжչһδĺͼＤִһ˿ãǸȴǶԺΡ
޳ǸϵΧʱǰɽ۾һӾ͵ֱˡ
ҵĸﰥ⵽ʲôӣݣǰɽָǰһӲӵģԽӵĽ
ֻʱǰһ̻Ի͵Ľ̫Ĳϣȴ͸һַǳĹâ
ǼʹǸЩ룬ܹܵݵɢһ˿˿
һ󣬻ʲôǰɽʵ
Ҳ˾ȣʱǰ⾰ʵ̫ˣȫһ⾰Χϵһص
ƺһ˿âϸһȴûκȴ˲һεѹѹǷӱ͸ġ
޳һ̽ȷ沢ûз߽ƣӱȻһϢ
ҲЩӵôγɵģʲôķ󣬾Ȼת۷ܹ̽
Žݵˣ̫ˡ
޳һжһ˿ǰɽ϶ʹ˸ɫһǰȥ
ϴ˵ʲôӵģ᲻ĸִڣǰɽкˣֶǵһΣޱȵͻУûиоֽɢ͸
صĸоĲ
Ǻǡ
ͻȻһЦ漴мӰһ³Ƿɱֻһͳǰ
޳Ƕʱ˷ӦؿЩͻȻֵŮˡ
ոȥǰɽסԼıӣȻ۾ʹԱתȥǣЩŮ˴Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ֻЩŮֻһʽҪλһƬĲڸط¶ģǸòޱȣɢһɳŮе
ʱѾ޳ԣ϶λʿŮ˲ˡ
ǵٶȷǳ죬޳ӦʱѾλŮ˶һѣ͸һѹλǰɽʹĳԼ֣Աһ
ѽλСα˽⣿ȻѾݣūȻúúкλλŮߴߴ˵ţͬʱĿתﻹվһλŮӡ
λŮӱǴĵǶһЩ϶²ӣɫ΢Щ䣬òҲͬ˫ʱվ޳һĵطؿǡ
޳ǰɽĿλŮϣѾ߽λŮЦ˵ǵĽľƢɲ̫ãǿɱ
˵ţǰɽ޳գŴ۾
޳˶ʱðƤĸŮ˵ͬʱģһַǳĸо
϶㶵վһԣڲŷӦ׷ʲô飬ֻĸŮ˺޲ճүǴϣǹɧζѬ˻ܡ
ɣΪү룬˿̼ʹЩҲ˵ֻһԺ֪롣
޳עûЩŮϣֻǰһۣȻеȻܵ϶ϣƳ϶ϵľȣѾͷҪˡ
ĿʱҪճϵλŮӵע⣬ವһתͷ϶һƼԱվһλôµʱɫʱһ䡣
λﵽʲôģϸƤģһҪ˰ɣСɲĵطǳؼȥɡһλŮʩʩȻ϶ȥ´һ飬Ŀ͸Ųм
϶ɫһ죬Ӳ֪ķүˡ
Ͼ˵˶ϲŮӵģһ˵ǵүǾͲˣǸǳһүԼǸˣǾ͸ˡ
϶ĳĬʱŮ˸߰͵ø
˵λôֵĴϿȥɣﲻӭ㡣
ʲôˣƾʲô˵϶̲ס뿪򲻿ܵģѾ⣬Ҳ뿪үŮ˾Ȼߣǿ벻̡
޳λŮӶ϶ĻɫһԸǿ϶ģ־ЩȤ
ĬĬı죬뿴ҵСѾͷδڵϾԺ϶ҪԵĻ࣬Ҳ᳣УҲǺ¡
СӣĻ湻ԶġԪͻȻЦһҲóҲϲõġ
Сô˵ǲ٣ҲûһߣҲ϶ǵһ
ǰŮ϶ķͬһֻһ˻־
ǰһƾͳ϶˹ȥ˵СѾͷôôûﾳһεʵҲݣҪ֪ɲСѾͷĵط
϶ŴͷĴȥżĲˣһαչزûʵõͻƣҲǳż
Ҳżܹ飬ҲŬ취Լʵͻƣܹ޳ǰŮĺĺеľɥһ֡
λŮѼ϶ķӦ֪˵˵㣬ܹ͸˵˼һ㣬мЦ˵ƾʵˣ˵ҲֻǸ׸ѣǳȥҪ鷳
ôܹ˵ûиү鷳϶̫ˣҲһֱڵǵأʱŮ˵ѿ
޳˫΢΢һУȻ˵϶ΪУ⻹һЦŮӵУ϶Ϊʵԭ츳֮һһǱ㡣
ǰɽλŮӵľվ޳ԣ̧ͷȤĿ϶λŮӶԿ
Ȼ֪϶ʵ࣬ȴѾͷĿֲδռ䵱пĿɲƾճֵģҪ˶೤϶ֲֿܹľ硣
ҪǰλŮӻô
תͷһ޳ϴɫȻǳĲÿȴ͸һɼᶨϴȻҲѾͷʵİɣҪȻѾȥˡ
ԶλŮ޳֮ƯƣǵıȫֽĿ϶ϣһĨ˼
λӱֳĵɼһλŮӦ򵥣Ȼڲ鿴һ£϶ϲûرĵطȴܸойĲ
ͻȻڶ϶λŮ˵
λŮһ£ǹԹԵĻصԣͬʱλŮҲصλŮԣǶƺ͸һĪĿ־塣
ǣȵλصŮڵĵطʱԼȴͻȻ޳ȥ
޳ֻоһŨķҷһӽܵĿռ䶼˱ǣֱǵʶ
˵Ķʱһˢһǵʶסζǲİе㣡
ŮӾȻڶʹȻ֮
޳ɫһϵˢһ¾ͱ˳һɰһײһεϣһƬõĻ𻨡
һ̣ǰĽݾʹһĲһӴ޳ơ


1529 Ȼ֮
ģŮ˻󵨣ǰɽͷ͵ģסʶûԼʶֻ磬Ů˵Ȼ֮˵ãһ棬ʧء
ǰλȻ֮ŮӲȴδôģϾǵΪ˷ǳߣ֮Ͳ˵
޳и𺳲ѣղһ̾Ȼʧȥ𾪵ĲλŮӣǰݡ
ڸղһ̣ǽ͸һһӴĹʱλŮѾǰĿ
޳¶һ˿Ц䲻ȵ˵֪λҪʲô޳Ӧǰ֪֮
˵ʱһѹ͸һһѹϵǿͬһ㣬ˢһ³Ůӳȥ
ŮɫһݣҲһֻǹȻ֮ԽԽŨˣռڵ顣
ζ֮Ǵһǿ˵ʶ
ԶλŮƵĿ϶һۣ֪ǽҪλӳܲסԸʶ䣬ʱλСѾͷҪδ
϶УѾʲô֪ıʱһŵζ֪ʲô顣
ĵǱ߰ģֻһţһĻүǻ˵ģԽԽżҲ̲סĳ޳˹ȥ
Ůһ϶ĶһĨݹ⣬ˢһ³϶Ƴһƣֻһɵ޻䣬ͬһ㳯ֱ
϶һˢһ³һɵرܹ˻䡣
Ҳһ£Щζ˿ӣһӾ뵽ľС
ڵĻ˷һ̹ˢһ뵽ľУǹεĵˡ
Ůһ㶣һĨСѾͷˡ
Ʋһ޳ϲûܵӰ죬һʱҲ벻ô࣬תͷͳ϶˹ȥ
ǸҵֿģἤĶ־ҪλСѾͷк͡
϶һĿתԼжʱһϲ˦һͷԶȥŮӽϣƵƵ䷢乥
϶ϱһŨҵ⣬ˢһ¾͵ֻ䣬Ȼ͵һתĿǰλŮӡ
Ǹ˺үģ˭ĵˣеŭѾ׼ֻǰһΣʱһɫĲ⣬Ѹ͵سǰ
ɫ˲ͬʵһ㣬һѿһ㳯ŮӲƹȥ
ŮһٵȥֱԼһסǳ鷳û뵽϶ھȻ̲˾
־˵ȴ˺ıȻ֮ǵ֮һһϾͻᱻƻơ
϶ƣӰΣٶȲϼӿ죬ˢһ¾ͲŮӵֱۣлûĻ֦һڵ
㣡ԱߵλŮһǰƣҲǴһɿĳŮӳȥ
ѾͷʲôͷȻ̺ǿһɺ⡣
ϿȥŮӴʱѾаӱסתͷλúЩѾͷһϣҪǺòȻڵˡ
϶˵ȻĿǣѾʵǿĲˣ츳ˣһ޷Խĺ蹵֮һｵһĵǾԲΥġ
ʱǲ֪ĵطȴһ˾Ľ﷢˸ϸһ˫Ưһ¶һ˿ζ϶˼˵Щ˼
һ̣ȴһɣЩš
ֻ϶ͻȻǷѿһ㣬ľ괺һӾðЩһɿسŮӲȥ
һãˢһ¾ͷ˳ȥ˵﷢˺£໨ֲˣ
Ǳ໨ŮӼ״һ˿ϲãѵתͷͻȻֵӺүң
ʱѾ϶׵Ĳֻ¶һͷϵȻ֮ѾʧĲˣζѾš
λôʱҪ⣬ЩһǣڵȻʳøɸɾ
ʱǾͬһ嶯һ㣬̱ıơ
λͻȻֵӼ״ˢһ¼һ϶֮ϡ
һ̣Щͬ˵ߣ˲ȥ϶һЩؿλӡ
ղɢǿ󣬾Ȼһӽɢˣ
޳ǰɽ״ɿĳ϶ȥվĿͻȻֵӡ
һλƵ϶ֵˣǰŮóȻ֮ǲ⣬ǰλӲͬɢһǿơ
ү۸ǣλŮӺ۾˵
ʱȥǵȫ̱˵ϣûһ˿ڵȻ֮ȻȫˣǾֲС
үһҪǱ𣡡ԱߵһλŮӺ
ΪȻ֮ȻһСѾͷˣ⴫ȥԺ㣡
λȴһɫһ¼λŮӣϵȻ֮ȻƳˡ
һ䣬ŭ۵Ķ
λŮӺĶԴһ߷ߵĺ޲ҸȥȻڴҲȡ裬໥ţǰĽȥȥ֮ǰݺݵĹ϶һۡ
϶ЩӦĪĿЩŮӣǰֲǹģ֪ȻԭôģϾǳէ˻ү鷳ġ
ǼλŮߺϸĴһ޳ǣĿ޳ϣ䲻ȵ˵޳
޳ĵһͷûжѣλӿǵ񲢲ƣղȻѾԱ߿ãƲԲųġ
߲ƣ޳ǰɽԽһ£һ˿λӸһַǳǿѹ֮УȻǸ
ӿ޳ǵĿ⵱ǴһɲмҴһƳûȤĿ϶ϡ
ζؽѾͷһ飬Ц˵֪λγƺ磬ݵˡ
磿޳һݣȲûţΪǵõϢ˵ǰûݵģȴİλĶӣѹָղǼλŮӺү
˭Ҳʶ㣬߿϶ǵλӸղſүǳĲƣǶүƵģҲĵˣӣ˵žͳ޳˹ȥ
϶ķӦһ²ŷӦǵһŮӸеζŨһ㣬תͷЩ˼Ŀ޳
û뵽СӻͦиģλŮȻأһӶ֮Ц˵ȻλѾˣǾͽȥɣҪ˶ãĴҲϵʱһء
˵ּһ䣬ǽ͵ԭûеģǱүãȻλԶҲⵡ˻˼дλϣλҪ
ʲôݾȻģֻ˼ʱ䣡޳ͬܵʲôصһȲѣ


1530 ݷ緶
˵һ仰֮󣬱ԹԵݷȥתʧ˲
ϴҿе㲻ͷǰɽǰĽݣѾһˡ
޳ͷ˵ǶСһ㣬ﲢö˻ӭ
ѾоǰǼλŮӶŨŨĵ⣬磬ǽǵԼһ롣
޳뵽ղ翴϶һŭ⡣
ֳӶΪһˣôİȻҽϣ޳Բ
϶Ȼûзһ㣬ֻЩǵĿ޳˵үղӵʵүһҪСġ
˵΢΢ǰһ£һƣǼһжᱣүġ
޳ǰɽĻֿľٶЦѾͷȤǿԤݶȻįˡ
Խ͸ǹɵҲԽԽǿ޳ȷɲɽݱ͸ġ
͸棬ƺ̲һƣһʱ֮䣬޳ҲƵԺδ
ϴȻݵ͸Щ֣ûзֵġǰɽͻȻ˵
޳ͷѾ쵽͸éٿԡů⵱еĸоȷʵǳˬ
ֻоԼڵԪ֮ҪӦһ
ͻȻһݣǰɽ˵Сһ㣬ƺԪ֮
ǰɽһ£ȻӦ޳ͷ˵ˡ
ͽضԪ֮ɣԪصҪ÷ǳߣ׼ݵõʲôأڲɫ֮ͽǸסˣɴⲻá
ǰȥһᣬѾǰǲŸһ߽ǰžͻĴ򿪡
Ǵһʹһ͸һϵƣӲӵһƬ
޳ǰȥ;ûˣܾĵġ
ֱһʱ䣬ǰһŲų˱䶯ͻȻһŷݣǽɫġ
þ޳ͷһԭǰ߹ĵطȻȫǻþѹԭ̤
ƲͷȴͻȻ϶ѾЩ룬Ȼ֪ʲôʱߵǰȥˡ
޳ǰɽ߹ȥ϶ʱȴɫߺ죬͸һŭ⣬ʱҪ
ֻǰվһλò˫ӣȻ˿ǰЩŮӣȻ硣
ʱͷЦؿ϶˵ḡĻ
λСӣα˽ߣȻĳĿˣģĳһúõд㡣
߿Ҳʶ㣬㽫үŪȥˣҸ㣬ǧҼүҪȻһԲ˶ߣ϶ߵ˵żѣղţͻȻͷ޳ԽԽԶҪתͷȥҵʱǰͳļһ
絹ν˵ҵǺڴ޳ǰɣжţ˵Ǹ򵥵ĽɫǾٲ򵥣ǰҲģģүͬ⣬ҶȻ仨ˮһ߳ȥ
㣬ݵú˵϶ۣȻүǿ벻̣ˢһ¾ͳһƴ
ֲŸ̧ͱһסƣȻָһ£Ц˵Ƥ⻬ϵָǲҲͬá
˵ţҪ϶϶һѴ䡣
϶ʱѾ׵ķŭˣݺݵĵȵʲôֶŵģ
ͻȻһЩ÷ǳЦ˵Ҫʲôѵ㲻֪СʵĵǺ£ǽͷ˾ûʲô˼ˡ
˵ţɫͻȻɢһɷǳΣյƣ϶ʶһǻҪʱȴһץס첲
϶Զ޳ĺ޳õ϶ȴ֮кܳһξ룬϶ʱ֪ʲô飬ɫǳż
֫ԿӦʲôڸ޳жʱһɰŬˢһ¾ͳܱҪͻֻþ
Ѿ϶ƺһʲôôܹ
϶޳ĺиżǱ׽һһүһİ
ֱŭص磬֣ҪȻĲˣ
üȤʵô
˵ţ־һѣȻ͵һѱס٬ʵ
㣡϶ò֪Ǻã岻ϵĶš˵ʵ̫ǿˣﾳһεѹܹ⡣
һ̣ͻȻڵȻɶ˸סˣĻĲܹɢ
϶ʱò֪ǺãҲ˲ãԶү
޳һ𣬾Ȼ϶Ǵһ򴫹ģѹһֱ׷ϲԭѹһ
޳ͻƵ㣬϶ķȻֻһǰľһ˱䶯ܾһ㱡ɴһ㣬һ
϶޳ǵǰʱһλӾţ˶Էסˡ
޳ɫǺһ㣬ɿĳǰȥλ϶˾Ǹղŵ硣
˵϶޳ûռһǽתһˢһ¾ͳֹȥ
ƺҲû뵽޳ǾȻôͳˣһø϶ᣬСѾͷһؿڣɿȥȻٵĳ޳ǳ˹
ķӦҪĻҪ죬ֻһͷӦһѿס϶˻ȥЦҿе׵ľܣ
֣϶ôڵĻڿɢһɣ̹ˢһ¾ͽס
ֻоԼһʹʶؾɿ֣϶״ȥʱ޳ҲϵһѽСѾͷĿ硣
ȴûпǣĿԼģָղǹɫĹ⾹ȻĸһۼȻѪȴǳĴۡ
𾪲ѣ϶ӺѾͷϹȻһصղҪ̽Ѱȴ϶ƺһƣһʱҲ̽鲻ʲô
̧ͷ޳ͻȻЦղŲ˼Цλ롣˵Ų޳Ƿˢһ¾ʧԭء
ǰɽ߷ߵ˿ڿˮܵĻͦ죡
޳ɫеŭͷ϶ģ㰲οίˡ
϶۾ģƴҡͷ˵Ҹү鷳
ûү鷳޳¶һЦݣڻУ˵үû㡣
˭Ҳ֪ʱ޳е뷨ղһȷʵ֣һȴͻȻ֡
Ϊһ̣ͻȻȻУϷ϶Ŀȴǳ޳֪Ǻ«ʲôҩ֪ղֻҪһ֣ȥͻкܴһ鷳ǡ
Ҳ뿴϶ʵʵ֪ѾͷֻҪѰһǾͻͻˣԼŮܵίһģԲٳ飡
үղʹõԪ֮϶ͻȻ޳ӣС˵
ղȻᱡ϶û޳̽˵ʵ
޳ЦͷЦ˵֪¯Ԫ֮
ǰɽ˳˵Ǹղôо񲻵Ԫ֮
޳תͷһۣЩص˵ָоΪԪ֮Ѿһ޷ĵز


1531 ֲԪ
뿪֮󣬱ֱһɫ᷿һλŰµӣӢȴǷǳ䵭
һͿһƵ˵Ǹ޳ˢӣҵĻþȻô׵ľͱˣҲ㡭
˵͵ס˿ڣЩ˼
ǵ˺ۻڣ˵һܴ裬ȻһСѾͷ˵ˣҪ˵ȥЦ
Ӵʱһֻ豭ںȲ裬̧ͷƳһּۣȲ裬һ仰ûС
Ѿϰ⸱ģҲ⣬ǰԹԵĶһ
һ֮˵ԵǸСѾͷƺҲЩͷҸղ̽ѰһɷǳһӴһ
ӽ豭£³֣ġ
ʲôǾǻģЦ˵أѹһӴǹͻԭ̺žľԪأ⵹Ǹö
ϰԪ֮֮¾ԪȻǷǳĿģǻ̺ľľԪأ˵һĲƷܹõʵȻӾһ㣬˵ֱͻƵһ硣
ԽԽü۷Ź⣬˵磬˵ȥСѾͷˣ޳ʲôӦ
λΪӣ⻰δһۣ䵭˵ηԸģҪȥ
ˣƵʵΪ˿Ǹ޳һȽϺðˣҲ֪ЩߵϹۣȻΪҿҸʮ֮һϡ
Цһ˵ȷʵûжԪ½нһ˳
⡭һ£ҲǳƣôҲ벻ͨ޳ģղϷŮûг֣ǾôһҷϣȻôԸһ˵ȥοֲˣ
ҵҰοķ˵һΣǣ͵ȫˣЩں֮ѹͲǲǴѪ
űӵһ٣һĨ
Ⱥں֮ȷʵǶ޳֮ƺܸȤ
ζţСӾȻҳںεأ
һı飬֪ʲôЦ˵ҿҲɣ治֪ҸʲôֱӴȥͺˡ
ȴ͸һ˿ζĹվȥһ仰ͷ
һЦ˵ģзִ磡
һߣ޳ǽ뵽֮󣬱绨ǰ뵽ܼ߳ǱǸ˵治˼ǰѲδܳӭλ֮¡
ܼҿ޳˵
ǰɽԭ뻹ʼ䣬һԼϴû˵ʲôҲУ沿黻˻¶һЦݣŹܼҺˬ˵ܼŮӿƯһ˵ĶҪˡ
ܼЦ˵ⶼǶүĹͣϲЩƯƯĶЩѾͷӴ޹ģǰ߻ˣѳе֮λҪ⡣
ܼⷬ˵Ŀ湻ģȻѾ֪ǰλŮǵ£ﰵȴǣЩǶүġ
ǰɽЦΪλү޵ˣҼϴֻǸһӣҪˣʮ綼ģ
޳⣬϶ۣһӡ
ܼҿǸ˾￴϶вʹ죬תͷŮʹɫŮǰһϻӡ
һС˼ϣλܹϲܼ˵ţλŮ㽫ϻӵĸӴ򿪣ʱɢһʹ⣬ʶĿ
޳˵ȷʵһ£û뵽澹Ȼһ龫ԪʯǸöΪ֮侫ʯ֮ٵģԪأԭһɢʽڵģ־ʯҪϵļӹ֮󣬲ܹγһС顣ǰϻ֮ӤȭͷСһˡ
СС˼ɾ⣬¡ܼҳϿҵ˵
϶һתԭⶫһ뵽Ϊβգˣֱһùϻӣת־͸޳Ц˵ҼүµĻǾհɣ϶һүġ
գȻգ
ǰɽ޳ϻ̧ͷŹܼ˵лܼ˿ʲôñó
ܼҵ΢ɼĳ˳飬ǻ˵óڣҪ֪óһ鶫Ѿ۵ĶڵѪˣȻҪǣ
ܼҽЦ˵λǶ˰ɣѾϾƲˣλƲ
ǰɽһжԣ۾޳϶һߣһЦ˵ܼĶòóԣǲһҪģʲôʯʲôģҲǲġ
ܼҵѾĳԼûĬΪ·
ôо˼ֻǽǰĹ޳ǵϢжʱ񺮡
⼸λ֮Ƭײģɱǳʲôźá
ǰɽѾĥţ⼸͸һأı϶ٲˣתͷЦĿ޳һۣ˼Զ
޳ЩεضҡҡͷǰɽȻֻ֪ڻû˼
ȴַԴӵ棬ǲ΢ȥ
ǽӽݵʱǰǹصǿġ
ĵ棬ȴǱʲôһԿ϶ǹȻڡ
ôģ޳кܶʣҲӵĺ⽫һǿĶ֣վһϣͬΪ˶Ըĩպƽ٣ǵжʱǻѲ
תͷ΢΢ƳǰɽһʾҪ̫ţһȫİĵطԷʵδ֪ǲӦҡ
ǰɽĬĬؽĽѵҲڵ٩ܼңһͬá
һѾŵŨŨʳζȻǶʳѾǺܴ󣬵ǱϾ࣬Ժıܣһᵽʳ̲סʿˮ
϶ǰˣڶĵдô֮꣬һֱԼѵľȻͣĸϵݣûԹκζ
˵еĶ˼ˣһʳ۷Ź⣬ǿɰģ޳̿
ܼҲԹɫһ϶ıҲЦ˵룬Ժѣλ⣬ſԼС
лܼҡ϶Щ˼Цˣղӣ϶үˣ֪үлô롣
޳϶ͷ˵ȥɡ
ֻǲŸҪֳˣȷǷ
ܼΪ⼸λĴλŵƣ޶칬ҲĩպƽٵĶԲߵģλ޳һЩڸ·ϡ
໥к޳й۲λѣһˣǰɽһź룬ֿˬ޳ǵĿдһ˿档һλ͵Ůӣϴİ̺ۡ
嶾칬޳֮ǰҲţרŴǿһ֧ͻᱻΪа̣嶾칬һλǳ˲õˣ嶾칬һǳҫĵλں嶾칬ڴҲŵŵһֻ͵ϲϵû뵽ھȻҲˡ
һεĩպƽ٣ȷʵĻ̻̣ͷҪ¡


1532 ֽ
˸ûãǰ߳ˣһˣӭȥү繫ӡ
絭Ƴһۣʵ˶ˣ
ǵģˣǷ񿪷ܼ̬ȷǳĹ˵ʱȴǿվҶүһԵķַ繫ϡ
ͷ繫һ߹˵е֮λ¡
ҶˬˣЦ˵£֪ү繫æҪöλʱǣǹⲻȥǡ
߹޳ԭվƣλϣ޳ĿƳλ繫ӣ˳÷ǳţȴɢһƣġ
޳һʱо͵һ𣬴˸һַǳΣյϢָоѾܾûˡ
ҲԻֻ繫ŵû֪Ǻηʥ
ܼҲûȥܷ繫ӣ򵥵˵˼ȥŮ㿪ʼϲˡ
ǰɽ϶ԭǷǳģһ磬ʱûθڣ˶һԼһڣͻ̲סȥˡ
Ҳؾнáһƣ˵
޳ҲƱֳϺȾôס
ָ䵯һ޵Ĺ⣬ˢһ¾û뵽˼˵ľƱУ޳ֻоһ飬һˢһ˳ž;û뵽ǵľС
ÿһ˶ǵ֮£˾Ͳɫؽǹת˲֮˾УʧΡ
粻ɫЦžٱһڽеľƸˡ
һڰнϣ˺ƣƱϣӶ˵ЩΪ׼ģ֣ݣǰе֮˲С˹
ҡ޳˵ûÿӣֻǰɫĬĬĹ۲ǰһӲˣܸоЩԾ
϶޳ҲûгԹǰʳȷʵɫɲͣӴȥһ⡣
ĿӲŸ̺⣬ͻȻĽһӵϣǰһ⣬ͨһصУȻⶼʼѿ
ߴȾһ㣬ʳ﷢ѿٶȷǳ죬һԱ߼ʳﶼ۵ѿʼ֦
֮϶ŵĿǰһУⲻĻĲŻеô
æתͷ޳ʾԼɵġ
޳ͷʾ԰꣬ĲȻûЩʳﵱ⡣
ǰƣӦǱľԪء
үȻǳͻȻЦ˵һ⻯ľ˲𣡡
Цŷ¿ӣ˵÷ּЦˣֻǵСѡ
⽫СҧõķǳأͬʱĿƳ϶ƺǶ˵ġ
ǰ϶һУЩŮǣ澡ʧʱ
϶ɫЩףǿԼ侲ܸүֻȴǷǳ𾪣һпҪԴܹ֮ƶģû뵽ԷȻô̵ʱ֮ѧˣʵ̫˼ˡ
޳Ҳ뵽һ㣬˸һ˿ζĹâǰС磬츳ԤϵĻҪ
Ӧûô򵥣ûлģҪô̵ʱ֮ЩĿǰ֪˵Ǽܵġ
ôģ
Ŀ΢΢Ʈ俪ʼһֱĬԵķ繫ӣʱҲûҪ˵˼ֻĬغžƣ·ǰķһж޹һ
ҼԡӶ˵
޳״ҲӣֲŸȥǰһʳ˱仯
Щ֦ѿѾ˻ȥת˲֮ʧøɸɾ·ǰһжֻǻþѡ
ǴʱЩʳﾹȻʼܽ⣬Ҫ֭Һһһ̣Щ֭ҺпٵغȻԭӣֻͷСһЩѣ
⡭²޳ǣǷƺһֱĬԵҲˡ
ĿϸССǣҡڵˣԼǲǿˡ
ЦؿǣԼ¶һַǳԺŵķ繫ӣɳĬĺľƣ²ؼӡ
ǰɽȭͷһӾ޳һסûг嶯վʲô˼
Աߵ϶𾪹ĬĬĵͷû˵ķݣֻй۲޳ķӦʲôүģ
˺һƲŷӦ¶һ𾪵ЦݣǴ۽ˣû뵽үȻԪ֮յ¯ˣĳʵǺա
Ҳ򣬴СԪ֮ʣʮʮ꣬ﲻ̶ֳȣССͣȻѾܹԪ֮ĹʵĽʺޡ
Ц˵СѣĳֻǶԪ֮ĵãֲ⣬Уҿ̽һ
˻棿Ƶ۾һ˵ĳǽү⻰ˣʱɱ𷴻ڡ
Ц˵ȻᷴڣֻҪֲͺá
ô᣿ĳͲܹ̽һһƣĳȸΪ
絭һЦҲһ
աʱЩ¸Сֲ֪ΣգֵĽֻӲӣֻԭһĻȥʵڹ졣
϶;ӵһԣ޳߿˿
޳̽ͷһ򶨵ЦݣȻȻֱͷȥǰյȷʵζӦҲȥ
˵ȫĿϣҪĿӵɳһ
޳Ķӻĳͷȥ
ֻĿɢһĽ⣬ˢһ¾ͽͷȫ
޳ĿӼͷϣ΢΢һֻһͷӦ䣬Ƭˢһ糱ˮһ㣬档

ӱƶ޳ˣȫѸٵ뿪λؿһ⡣
ǽסĹȴǳĿ죬ֻһգۣǽ뵽ϣ׼ȷ˵뵽Щʳ֮ϡԭȻڻĸʧȥϢĵӵС
˵һŵĿǰһУֻЩֲڻǱ֭ҺٴۣͬǰԪ֮Щʳı仯һ
޳ģֻĹ෴Щʳٴα˱⿹ģ
һмת˲֮䷢޳Ŀӻδ뿪˳Ƽסһ⣬ŵ϶У˵˰ɣ
϶ƴͷȻ˾ĿУҧһڣֻ۾Цĳһóԣ϶ѾûгԹˣԭʳζôá
ԭܵŵٴξҵĲ
ꣿǾڱչصʱҲǻ׼ʳģͨﾳô಻Զǿ϶һӾͱˡ
磬ĿøȲѣа¶ģŮһҪõ
޳϶֮󣬶ŷ˵λһðɣȻǻ᲻˼
ǲ˼˸̲ѡ˻ǵ˱˻ԣǰ¶һ֣ѾôҴ۽硣
˵ǰƶ츳ǳ𾪣ô޳Ͷˣ
һȽϤԶΪҲ˽⣬Ȼ֪ȷеģ֪һѾﾳĶΣʵܹ¯øղһв̫⣬޳ȥֻﾳΣȴҲܹͬԪ֮õ˵ãɲ𾪶ܹݵˡ


1533 Ůݵ
޳ĳ֣ⳡ뵽˳ĬУ֮˱㿪ʼĬسԷ
䣬ͷ繫Ӷ˼޳һۣȤ𽥵Ũ
Ƿ繫ӣеһΣյϢ
һĬĳţЩǰɽ϶ȴԵ㡣
ǵ˼ܼ򵥣¶޳ֻͶѣʲô飬ֻҪʳ˲˾С
Ƿֽӽβʱðһˣһ֣զզղ˭Ҷ澣ǳıӵˣ֪ҪµŮѵ𣿡
δһ漴̧ͷȥֻһεŮڵĳǳ
ȵ߽һ޳΢΢ľһ
ŮӸͷȻСȴ˼£ǰ͹̣ټһݡʮʮһλŮһλζŮʱϲôŭ壬ĸϻһ͸ˡ
Ů˶ŮһĵִǶŮ϶һŵŮ˾ͲеĻ˵ǡ
λŮת˲֮ѾǰĿһ£϶ϣӸµĿƵʵǲ㣿
漴϶ԹԵ˵֪㣬ǲмģֻⲻ֪ðĻëѾͷŻ˲ʶ࣡
˵ˣһŮ˽˳ӵģͳֻŮˣ꣬ǾֻǰͷԷѾͷˡ
˵ⳡ֣Ҳ֪֣û뵽ѾͷȻܳԵ£ﵽ׷ʲô飿
ţ̧ͷܿһ£ɫǺܺãһѵĳˣ
˵ӦǴ⣬һ˶ɱ˲ŶԣȻʱıǳԱӡ
ôһ룬ʱȲ˵ģֻ϶ʵǲɵģ
϶վҪλŮӸ߰ͷվʱһָӵӣҲһǿ
һһ٣ǳ˵Ҹɵġ
ۣڳˣҲ㣡Ů˵žҪֳ϶
ȴͻȻվ޳һץס󣬽صһơ
޳˵ء
ŮסΣм޳һۣأЦˣŮص㻹ǵһʲôȻ˵˾ӦܵͷҴôˣ
޳üͷ΢΢һ壬λԭȵӡʱ˼£ϲȡֵŮӡ
ǰɽˢһվŮ´һ飬˵ʲôҼϴ˵ǵҪ϶ѵǷҲдˣʲôѵؾģ
ǰɽ˱ƽʱֵģ˼Ǻϸģʱһ仰ǰ˵һ飬һͷʱŮҧгݡ
ǲǲҶЩŮһȫˣһ鶼ûУ˵˭ĴȻֵͷˣ
ǰɽһ˻ƣȡ
㣡ŮûʵϣȷʵûʲôʱһɶվסţռϷ硣
Ǹ̫ˣʱĿһת˵磬ʲôˣʲôèĶѵˣ
ŮҲö۰ǣֻЩŮһģ϶ȫˣԺҲܹ˵ֱܴ衣
С󣬱˶Ƿǳģܵ˾޴ίŮôܹʵ¡
ڳҪαأõǽһжͱ˳⣬վ޳˵ǰȷʵᣬֻֿЦû뵽ӣ˵ʵڵģҲǳźʹǶҸһģʵǿϧˡ
飿Ļվüͷţ޳ĿҲһ˿
һԭǴĹϵһãžͺãһʹ죬ƱҲǲʹ죬ԭŮĻԷڣҲ˼ڣôһֻͣصߣվ±Լ̬ȡ
СֵܣǲЩˣɲЩô򵥣ǶԪعΪģҪȻ֮øǧ򱶵ŬСģͶע˶ٵѪȴ׵ĻˣĳǵʵǣƾΪӺˣǲ˰ɣ
⻹۾˵ϹߵڰףĶܱ˵ɻģ޳ЩЦЩվڽһߵġ
ǰɽ⻰˵ҿɾͲˣʲôʵ۾ĶõǵΪߵϴﾳΣЩŮ˵Ϊûһǵڴ˵ģǳûӺˣñӿɾ̫ˣСĵۣҪȻ۲ϣַԼѹˣ
ǰɽ˵˿˵˵ЩŮһ͸ûһճģǸ˶ᷴİɣʲôүһ˼ţѵڹϴҲͷ̣
㡭ſڴƻƣǿʶŮҭ˵ҲûҪˡ
ýضүȻֱһƾͳǰɽ˹ȥ
ֻδ޳һƶ˹һӽָ£޳ɫҲ˵Ƕү̬ȣ޳ǡ
˵ϵ͵رˢһ½Աߵ÷飬Щʳ˷ĩ
϶ǰɽ޳ԣӦս׼
ܼ˳һƣǰȰܵʲô߱ǿͣүʹ˲С˹
˵ʹĳʹɫǰүлԸһÿס磬ǷǣҪǴᱻүͷܼҲͷˡ
һܼҶԼʹɫжʱľ档
һֱһǳĲ֪޳࿴ģڼϣòﻹܵôࡣ
²ܲ˵ĳ޳˹ȥ̧֣һɾľԪ˲ľԪؾγһɫ޳һ̣ˢһ糤һ㣬޳üĴȥ
޳ɫһݣתȻγһһӾסɫĽһһѹһš
ڸղһ˲ͻȻɢԪ֮ƺЩһǷǳȴһַǳõĸо
ùãĹȴһ㶼㹻ǿѾüģɢʶˣ
תһ֣ܾͬγ˿һ㣬ӿռ䶼Ť
ǶǴ󾪲ѣû뵽޳Ȼһǿޣ繫Ҳصؿ޳һۣеľȺΡ
ЩףΪʲôǼһ粻޳ΪУ㲻ܹѣҲҪȷʵĹ֮
׶޳࿴ǣǶĳƺͦȤģ
繫һĨݹ⣬ϸĹ۲һ£ǲȫʵ²޳Ķ֡
֮£ǲﾳĶεʵȥѹһﾳεߵģ⴫ȥҲͲҲͻ첻ȥˡ
Ǵʱټȥǻɨأ룬ͻȻ˵ˣΪֹ
˵תߣĻ˵ȴһӣвʵջ֣߷ߵص޳һۣҲˡ
磡Ůԭֽѵһ޳ǣȻˣԭضһ½ţ޳һ䣺ƣ뿪


1534 Ѱ𱨸
ǻصú󣬱ֱȥ˷繫ӵķ䣬ɫƣŷ繫ӿ˺һ̲סʵղΪʲôң
繫ӾֱڣϣתͷʾͺŮ¡
˶ٲ˵ͬʵ֮£㲻Ķ֡
ǲòʵղҲֻﾳεʵȴ޳һжֿˣ޳ǿޣʵֲ̫ˣֻһ¾ͲԪع
֮£ܷӳﾳĶεȫʵҪȻԺǶˣﶼᱻ˴ǣ˵ʵ۸֡ϾⲻѰһǵĵҲվסţ޳ʮˣӶԸ
ԽԽ˵ѵһܿ԰ɣ֪϶Ҫ˵Ҹ粻ͬ⣬ѵȥˣ
û˵ĶԣÿһݵȻþǵĿ飬ѾǲĵĹ涨ǾȻ˺ݶģǽѵһͨͺˣŮߵ˵
ǵе϶ˣѾͷԼ֪ԼôһӾͽ˸ˣ޳Ҳ⣬Ҫ˵ʱѾûֱɱѾˡ
繫ý֮뵽˳ĬУ֪ʲô
Щżλͬţʱ¾Ͷһ˿ϣͱǱȥҲ˵ܶƤ֮࣬顣
˵Ҹȷʵǲȥ޳Ҳ֪ҸǸˡ޳ڲôܣǰֵʱҷڸܵһϢһǳȤġ
˵ָ
Ȼ繫ӵȤ̧ͷʽһʵڵϢ
ͷ˵ûҸղŴڸܵһϢϢӦòģڸղʩչʱ򡣡
ȷ繫վʵ
ͷǳᶨ˵ȻܹȷҲ֪ҶԪǳУʱҸôԪزҾܹԪϢҲô˵ǸпҲǴԪϢʲôҲ˵йŹ־ˡ
˵̧ͷ˷繫һۣ˵ѵ㲻֪ʲô
繫ؽĿϣ˺һ˵ʲôû
㾶ֱȥ
ŮҲˣżתͷԼֳʲô˼Ĳ𣿡
Цҡҡͷ˵ղǾ仰㹻ˣߣȥҵֺǡ
˵ŽĪûعסȥ
һߣ޳ǳԱ֮󣬱ص˹ܼΪǰŵķ䡣
涼ǽӲӵţԪؽľˮÿһܵķֲȻһеˣǳĽЩԪؿݵС
޳ҲЩĥȻɵǹԪصйأǾģûĿ
ϴղһпǰǿˡǰɽЦǺǵ˵ղ޳һУʵü
Щ޳˵ղʩչʱԼҲһͬתףǸղܵȴǰҪǿࡣ
һµĸܣǰɽȥ֮뵽Ԫ齻
ƺͬ統УҲĿռ䡣޳˵
ԪѾ޳˼˵ҺͬȾ統ҲǿԺʵģֺʵȹ̲ͬǵõߣⷽǰյı̬ģôҲˡ
޳λ廹ϲڹؼʱ̵ӣüǵõĲǵãüǵõȫˡ
Щڴʵɷһ룿ܹ
ԭڸղŵ⻹ЩģԪôһͻȻֻȻʵĸо˵ͬȾ統лߵĿԵĻǾ˵ھÿһ㾳綼ǿٴߵģһУʱɲܹԽôˣڹ˼ʱܹĿռ䣬ȫ
ԪȴһͰˮ˵ΪǵӵģȻȷʵǿÿһռõֻ֮ΪԺ㵱ǻڳһ֮󣬻ǻصֻǶԽѡ
޳գ̫ˣ˵Ҳһشֻ֣ҪԺǾȫһԡ
ô뵽ûУ޳ǰѾˣʱ侭ʵ̫࣬һʱҲ֪ԵɺϣŴٳֳɹ
Ԫüͷ˵𳳣һ롣
ԪϿգؿʼ붨ǰЩʱͿʱʣʤ䷳ȴԽԽ
ԽԽˣ
޳Ҫһʱ䣬һǰսʱ򣬾ͷ֮ͬϹȻѹ磬ǶԷһʵʵ˭ʤ˭˵
ͿԿ׶ԵУһﾳĶλ£ĻЩ
˵ģǰ϶һַǳֵĸоڻûġ
ʱҲܹѧԪصķŵĻжһʵ൱Ķ֣ڶսʱ򣬾ԻԿġ
޳˼ʱǰɽ϶Ϊģڽݵйһ䣬Ҳ˵˼ʱʱޱȵķк档
Ǵ磬˵᲻ʲô󣿡϶һȦ֮תͷǰɽ
ǰɽ֣صĵͷ˵пܣǰϴ˵Գһƣ㿴ûﲢûκʯԪ֧ţЩԪȫݷġ
˵Ǹ۾ͷϵ˵ôģ
϶˵꣬һм˵۾ͷϵˣ˵Ҷ𣿡
ǰɽ϶ɫʱһתͷȥȻŮɫƵĿǣ硣
˵̬ȶúãǰɽˢһ½϶Ŀʵʲô
ŮЦʲôѵǲ𣿡
˵һˢһ¾ǰɽǰ
ǰɽһ£ûȤƵģĿ϶ϣϸؽͷβһ飬м˵øѿһȻԴףһͲˬ죬СǵúúõĽѵһ²ɣ
Ȱǰɽȵ϶Ŵͨ죬Щʵ̫ˣ
ҾͶôţŮͦǰһƵ˵
Ҳǰ߹ΪԼƣһӾͽ
ǰɽһˣ¾ȶĵͳֱӳŮѹ˹ȥ
ŮЦһǰɽԱ߳ȥֱֱ֮ض϶ЦҲȲ㣬Ȱ㻹ǹԹԵңҪȻЩƤ֮࣡
˵ţϵƺȻﾳĶεѹһӽ϶ѹô
ɣ϶صҪ˾ȻֱΪѹҲ´ȥˡ
ȴЦ˵﷢û˻֪ʱҵŮˣ˵ȥҲֻΪСìܣ˭㡣
㡭˭Ůˣ϶ûеʵ̫ҪˣȻףҪ޳ģݵ˵
ϵƱˢһŤһ㣬һӲס壬ವһ³ȥ


1535 ϶°
̹ƮҡһӲס磬Ǻȴһ㾪ŶûУЦ˵б𣿶ʹʱûá
Ļʱ϶һӦʱѾ˶ֻЦض϶۾˫ȴˢһסЩһȻһӱ
϶һдһ˿ţԴľԪؾǶԷȻѴ֮͸Ƴˣôģ
ͻȻǰԸǼȻ֮Ů˵ʱҲֹͬ
ֻδγɣԷһּ˵̬ƹ˹϶ȫ֪ζģֻоԼڵȻסˣһȦһӲסղŶԸֶΣ
ſң϶߷ߵغ
Ц˵Ȱ㲻Ҫƫǵңѵȫ𣿲ܵģ߰ɣ˽ҵˡ
˵ŹЦһᣬק϶ǰߡ
쵰ſң϶ŭǴʱȫסˣѹܹǼˡ
һǰɽŮһͻȻʶԾˣ϶ô죡
ģʹթǰɽ˫һɣŭĿŮ
ôʹթˣ˶ѣαȡ裿Ůԭǰɽ˵ĻԭⲻĻǸղܽСɱˣѾɱˣ
ģǸҶҼϴԲŹǵģǰɽŭͬʱƴǰȥҪȥ϶
ŮʵҪ֮ϣݵܣ¾ȭͷֻһ¾ͽİҵͨ죬漴׵ϸߡ
ŮؽղŲǺܻ˵𣿽ҾͽͷԺ󻹸Ҳ˵ˣ
˵ȭǰɽ۾һƬ
ǰɽҧгݣǼˣѹûзֻ֮ӲţŮĽɱˣǶȻöԷȳԵֻҪˣ
Ůһʱûõļһѽ㣬ûгɾ͸У
ǰɽ޵һ³һѪˮĮ˵ûˣҴ򲻹㣬бͽҴҪȻҾԲŹ㣡
ɷ죬ǰɽˣҲżѣһ϶и̣Ժ޳
һ翴϶ʱһ⣬ǧӡ
²ܲ˵ĶŮѽ򣬽Ҵſ£
Ůмؿһۣȴûоʹ˷ŹȭͷһµسƱҪеĶȫˡ
޳ڸԪͬʵİ취ͻȻ˴ײǰɽ˽
ɫһ䣬վű׵ǰɽʵô£
ϴȥ϶ץˣ
ʲô޳󾪣ٵߣһʵô£
ǹѰ𣬽϶ץˣҲǸŮ˴ӣϴҪһ㣬϶¡
޳ವһ¾ͳķȥôһʱͳ£ޱȣñҪȻһǲú
޳ɢһǿɱ⣬ŵǰɽ̲סĶһ¡
Ѿܾû޳Ͽ˿ֲɱˣһʱ֮仹ЩӦϴǹ
˷ɿ緿⣬޳һסǰǰɽ˵ȿһ
ݵв濴ȥô򵥣氵أóȻȥ֪ʲôʱһס˾˵ʱ
ǰɽͣһԣЩż濴ﶼ粻һԪϣѹܹ
޳״Ԫ֮Уˢһ¾ͳǰȥֻǰĿռһɲǰڵסһӿ
ǿʱ˵ɫһ¡
ֻ϶һȦɫڴϣܶ
һЦĿ
޳ȭͷһӾ
дĸңǰɽŭĿ⣬ɺۣ޳˵ϴڳ岻ȥ϶ܺµӣ᲻°
޳ȴǺܿ侲ϸĹ۲һ£ȻԪ齻̸һͻȻǰɽ˵ȵһ£
ǰɽɽĿ޳һۣŮ˶Ҫ˸ˣ㾹Ȼ˵֪޳ΪˣôȻ飬ǵǵʵһô죿
޳ҡҡͷ˵϶ȱͻƵҲһûᡣ
ǰɽһ㶣һ˿㶵˵ǰɣҲԣ
϶Ľ˻ͻˣ޳ڶһʵ̫̬ˣ
ʱڷڣ϶ȴȫһӣֵؿ̵Ľ·ѵĿԼˡ
ǰҲû飬ʱһɵǰ˸ĸоֲ̫ˣһնûУĻ¡
󣬵ʱкĿү
УҾԲԴУ϶вϵĹԼڼ޳ֲ֣޳֡
һԼүҲ޳ǣϾǽһĶүʱֵ̫߶²̨ү϶ֻС
ƽҲˣ˼ҵĵϣҽĪ⣬޳˵˽ؾԲһ¡
˼˼ȥ϶ԾȣһҪү֮ǰˡ
ôܣȰ㻹ʡܷӶҾԭⲻĻ㡣Ѿѵº£ֻʣһƤѣӸµĿ
϶ҧŴзɿ˼ŶԲߣԲһﰤԼ
翴϶ҧģɫһŮŮȫ͵ˣŮԸУ϶崿
۾͸һ޹޶˵һɱͻȻһЦ˵ֻҪԹԵģҲ˺㡣
ޣҹԶһ㣡϶غ
һʵ̫ҪˣȻԹԵģȥɡ
Ļʱɫһžһ¾ͳϴŮˣҪȻ㾴ƲԳԷƣǾͱҷˣ
˵ţˢһ¾ͳ϶˹
ģ֣϶岻ϵţЩԽԽյò͸ڵǹȫˡ
ʱıִĸоȴѳ
ģõҵĻһҪŬԲԷ϶кŻģԭ뻯ͨģǴ˿ȴ֪ʲôסˣʧȥͨ
ĲȥغŻģľȻʼ˻Ӧ
϶һϲŬıܿᱡŻ˵ģҪ£һԵġ
˵ţϵԼע뵽ﵱУȻ̷ǳļѣҧٶȳ뵤ҪȻˡ
ԽļԽһĨдɺĹâԶ޳һ϶һ£ȻˢһһԪػϵˢһ³϶ĵȥ
ʯ֮䣬϶ֻоԼĵдһǿʶһľѳǹɿ
һƬ̹ⷢɢǿѹصײϡ
ѹûӦͱһɾ޴ײϣֱֱȥ
⻹ֻǿʼѣ϶һվӳǿġֱ۴ְʶسӿȥ
ֻһ£ͽסˡ


1536 
һĻ̫ˣ˶Ӧ޳û뵽϶ǿԭ׼óȥˡ
ʱ϶ɢԽԽǿϱǡ
ڵķһӾͱƳƣǹͬһ㣬ֱ
ſңſң紫ֵĺˣʱȻоԼڿٵʧϵЩȻڽϵߡ
Щ϶ɵŮɫҰףֳһƬŹң
϶ʱȴȫ뵽һ¶״̬һж˵Ǳһ㣬κ
ʱֻоӿһǿǰδռ䵱ܵһӿȣҪ뵽һּ˰ľĸо
ͻƣͻȻôһʣ漴ԼԼһѵҪͻˣǴʱǺ˼ʱ±㽫ĿٵȶĵĸŴʱڷı仯
ֻоڵĻıһǿܵľԪضڳӿʶҲһ˿ָŻĴ߷ʶȥ
УǰɽۣѾ۾˺ü飬ŵĿǰһУʱУ϶͸޳һǸ̬ĹȻ״̬֮ͻˣ϶ʱڲȻ
Ǳ϶ס磬ʱѣǿ־壬ϵߵԽԽ죬ȥҪһˣôãС츳ˣԭΡȫȥ
ΰ϶ŲʣʱӺȫԼ統Уѹ֪淢ʲô飬ǹعĸоʵ̫ˡ
ڵһӯڵĸо͸ǰδռиܵһǰ򣬴ʱӺҪͻˡ
ֳôĶһӾͽΧȫ˹繫Ӻ͹ܼͬʱϵһǰ϶¶˾ȵɫǹܼңֱӹȥ
⵽ôһ£үôģСڸʲôҼҶүܼżغҪȥȴ϶ɢѹһӵһµ˵ϡ
ܼһݣղʵ̫ǿˣתͷȷ繫ӣ繫ȡ
ܼ亹乣ѾǺֿݵˣ£˶ᡣ
繫Ѿָ֣׹һһ¾ͳ϶ȥİ׹Ÿһӽͱһסˢһ£˲ʧΡ
ɫһ䣬תͷǽֵĵط޳ǰɽ߹
ܼһ޳ɫǴ䣬޹ӣС֣ȥҼҶү
޳ɫûпܼңĿתĶ϶
ʱĿУ˭Ȳ϶˸Ҵ϶ͻƵģһŹʹǰλޱȵķ繫ӣнһ
޳ʲô˼ѶŮüʵ˾ȻҪ϶ȥɾûþˡ
޳һۣ˵ԵжעҲӲ϶ͻƵĹؼʱ̣ĳκ˴š
˵ţˢһ³ǰȥ϶ԣǰɽҲվһԡ
̬Ѿǳԣ˭ҪǸҹضɱ⡣
޳ˡ繫³һ仰ͬʱμǰƮȥҪȥ硣
޳ȴһԱһ৵ðһŷӰ
͵һÿһӰͬı𣬶߷ˢһһϳһƬ϶εΧס
һٶʱ˶󾪲ѣŮ͹ܼҴʱǰûڲ
ȫû뵽϶޳ȻǿʵǺû׵Ļ¿ô죿ǽеϣ˷繫ϡ
繫ӴδܵǿƣĿ޳йâ˸һĨ̽޳ıȷʵ⡣
ǰӰԭӰ֮˵Ҳᱻ޳ЩӰʵİٷ֮ʮʵȻһ㶼ûмֱǷ˼
˵ÿһӰ˹
΢䣬Ѹٵ˼ŶԲߣǲܵģҪȫҲǳѣ޳һŭ֮£ֱӽɱˡ
޳ڵ̬ȣȫܣ繫һʱ֮䲻
ͣ޳˿ҪǿоˣʱĻܾˣʱ۲һ϶ѾͷڻԼľ統У֪緢ʲôء
΢΢̽ȥ̽һ£΢ĲӰƲͷһ磬Ѿ찾ȥˣĲܲˣǻֱ
̽һסȻڵľԪأذЩ֮ϣȡڵľԪ֮
õµɿ磬޳ûľԪأ
˿Ҳ֧Ųסһ˹ȥ޳ܼǡ
磡
ү
ܼҺŮϵĺ磬ǴʱģѾʧȥʶ뵽˻ԵС
繫ӣҶ絽ôˣŮŵᶼ˳ʱûһ˿Ǳһ
繫ǰ̽һ̽ɫʱ䣬˵ˡ
ʲôŮһӾ뵽ǰ϶ɵǼŮһͨһ¾͹ڵϣ૵ˣһᱻģ
ܼҲͬڵϣʧ˻һ㡣
ŮͻȻһ޳ǳ˹ȥغǣǻҶ磬Ҫƴˣ
޳״ɫһݣ̧־ͳһǿơ
繫Ӽ״һһӽŮסһ˦ǹƺյУȻ͸һ޴ĺڶ
Ůһ亹ź֪ķԼǰȻӹŹһȦǸڶ͸ޱȵǿ󣬾ȻǱͨ˵޾ռ䣬ղǱ繫ʱѾ뵽޾ռ䵱У׵ڳˡ
રવֱ·ĺһڵ۴ޣһжѾĳѾ֪ôˡ
繫ӿǻʧĺڶɫԽԽ䡣
ǻС޳һϵʵ̫ˣÿһ̶ܸ⡣
Ƴһ޳ŵģڽͻƵ϶ϵ磬һ˲Ʊʧ
ܼһԭأ粻˶֪
޳״ӻͳһӵܼϣ˵飬Ǳ⣬Ҳʵ֮⣬ĳڶүĲ
ܼ㶵ػͷһеĶʱվȻмĳ޳һɿŷ繫׷˹ȥ
ߺǰɽֹһƵ˵ϴҲ̫ˣǿǾԪ֮㾹Ȼ۾գĸˡ
޳û˵ȷʵ᲻ãǸöԪ֮ʯɱǰܼҽǵһʯҪ͵öࡣ
϶ôĻȻзǳĽҲܹýسʧӣǿʯֻܹȥ
᲻úײǡԪν˵
ֶ޳˵Ѿͷڴڹؼʱ̣Сŵ΢赲һΧӿڵֻҪľԪؾ͹ˣհɡ
޳һȻ¶һЦݣ⵹⡣


1537 
Ůعʱ򣬷޳ǾȻ϶Ԫǿʱͷͣб˳ʧȥǡ
޳дǱϵĶ磬к޵
ʵ̫ˣȺȫǽطУûܹʲô۵ĽС㣬¾͸˷һվ޳¶һɭЦݡ
ȻôϲҾյĹ˵ŴǬͳһ«һķź«йעȥ
ֻصһⷽصжʱһ˿ݾȻڱһ㣬Ҳص졣
޳Ȼһ£۾ƼŮһֻ«ڴܵĿռѾʼֲݶڲһ㣬ɢһӴ
޳͵һһ̣ڸܵ˽ȻɵǹڣԭȻ󷨣ֻص˸ǿڲŷ֡
ҪŮ߶Զ쵽
ϴ󣬷ʲôˣǰɽҲлعһǰ龰ʱһ
ʱܵı䶯ǳĿ죬ѾҵĲз󣡡
޳ͷ˵Сһ㡣
Ȼ򵥣ҪȻƾתܾ첻ǰֳȻܹڳģⱳڡ
תͷһ϶ǴڹؼʱڣȻܹ
ˢһ½Ȼڿգ֮ϣݡ
ǰɽ״ҲҪų޳˵±϶
ǰɽͷҧӦڳȥȷʵҲﲻæתͷһ϶˿Ѿֹͣ뵽ͳĵϣɽˢһµһΡɽ壬ⷽռ֮ڡ
ĵԭȶռ֮ãⷽռ֮ڣһӽΧȹ
ǰɽżؿ棬ϣ޳ܹܵĿռֵ֮ס
ûãݼѾʼҵĻζܵĿռŤ֮ԽԽǿԪطӿ
޳ЩԪԭȻڽݵеģǰûȷʵԪɡ
ʱһ߶̺󷨵³ɱ
ʱоһǿѹ
޳ǶȥɣŮӵ«תͷ޳غ
޳ȴͻȻ¶һЦݣ˵ڣøлС㡣
˵ţ͵һ𣬾ȻȫȥԪسӿ롣
ͬʱѾ׼õԪ߶Ԫһ½Ԫص׿
嫵ͬԶŵĺŽǣһɢһɹӵϢԪһܾͻȻһƣЩԪӿøӷˡ
׳գ紫ԲȻԸȻҽԪڣҵҪôŮЦУ޳ľٶѰ·
жʱ첻ѣһԴ߶ڵԪأԼܹȵŤĿռ䵱С
ǽһĶҷţܹԪشڿռ䵱УܹԪصˣȫþ¿ռŤ֮޾ռ֮⣬Ǽȥ硣
һ̣ЦˣֵĿǰһĻ૵߶ţôܣⲻܣ
ЩԪؽ޳ڣǵûڵ
޳ȻһּٶԪأʵֲ̫ˡ
ʱ޳оһһ㣬֪ҪַԪشǶôѵ飬뵱ҪʱҲǧࡣ
Ǻˣٶȫﲻ޳޳˿ѹǷһ
ЩԪֻҪһ뵽޳ڣͱգȥʣŮЩ֮޳һ㶼ûҪơ
ⲻģҲԲģŮͻȻʧǷһ㣬ԶնȥһҪ磡
ǰɽŮȥмЦһϴ̬ĵطеأֻ֮һѣǾԲк³
ǣһУ޳ķӣ̲ס²ۣǱ̬ѽȵϴȥҪһʯ
ϾܹԪ֮ߣԪصƿزǺܺã׳ԿԼǲ£ǵʱ޳Ǵˣٶȳɳ
ǰһУҪͻƵӼˡ
޳ʱ϶һ뵽Լ統УЩԪؽ뵽ڣԪһ֣һԼ档
Щȫ뵽ʶС
ʱʶǰѾ˷츲صı仯ʶȻҪԳһҵĸо
Щ֮ʶת߷һƬľ󣬲ľïﻨ㡣
ЩԪ룬ʶͬһЩľٶԽԽ죬Լģ޳ʶȻԶؿ
𾪲ѣǸҪȥ̽Ԫʱʶ𣺡÷ģΨһǽЩԪ
޳һݣѸٵԼ侲ǰǺգ߻ħˣɻľбţһͻа·
֮㽫ȫԪı仯֮ϣ뵽һҵľ硣
Ҳ֪˶ãǰɽѾ۵ƣ޳һЩ
϶״̬ѹתͷһܣʱŵס͡
ô۾ˢһ¾ͺˣ̧ͷһǰɽĵǰܹȥʵǴ磬⵽ô£ǲҡˣһҴˡ
ǰɽ˵飬Ů߶ķ󡣡
ʱȫĻˣ̺ĴԪѾ޳һա
ǰɽ˵ûȷʵǵ¡
϶ԭͷǳǰɽ˵ʲôȻỳɣ̧ͷһܣүڰյУһǳĹԡ
ϲʵүǲҪͻˣүĺ
ǰɽЦ˵ǰү̬ˡ
϶ˣ˵үŲǱ̬
úúãǱ̬ǰɽЦ˵СѾͷһĻ޳ɲڶ˵ʱ϶ɢѾǰԱġ
ȻѾͷֻͻһ磬ﾳΣȴﾳγƣȻϴҪǿ
Ȼ̬̬һԵģôҲ޳ôЩ꣬ôһ㶼ûдȾϴı̬أǰɽЩơ
ڼ䣬ͷ繫ҲйһƣһƼ޳϶ļƣĬĬߣûй
֪ʱ޳Ȼڽ뵽УʱԷˣʱⲻŪܾ˵䡣
Ҳ˹̽Ѿľѳۣ׵֪ԼҵܵдȣʱҲ޿κΡ
繫ڽǰ֮󣬱Ҳعͷ鿴һ£޳ֲֿٶԪصʱг׳˾֮ɫ
ǣ¶һ˿ЦݣԽԽȤˣ޳ϣ㲻Ҫʧ
޳׵ؽЩԪѾһ֮飬ٶȱǰѾֿˡ
ԪЦúϲ£죬޳˵С׬ˣ֮һˡ
޳󾪣Ȼ֮һ֮ࣿ漴ˣһҪԪ½һî˾ݣǿ϶û뵽޳һӽڽеԪ֮ˡ


1538 
޳ⳡгʤ޳ֳһָ϶ǰɽ
ǰɽЦúϲ£죬޲ʯȥǰ԰һ£ǵɪתһ룬̫ҡֱŭֻĬĬؽʯղ
ҳôһп϶޳ȥһЩʯԪĵ÷ţֲʧ
޳ľٶʱҲǣҲǣЩʯԭǷǳĶ޳һóôҪ˵ܹԭȵľ磬Ǹһ¥Ҳ⡣
ο޳רŸĵ÷ţ׼ȫһéٿЩط׶Ϊȡ
ǰ벻ͨĵطһ޳ĵãһӾͻȻʡ
Сӹ˼ײò˵޳һѪµķŲ˭óģ޳Ϊ˱ǵ⣬ȻĵĶ˳
˶ȥ޳鷳޳дȡ
Ҳǰ˵ϾҵĶү飬ҲܲΪǴ֪һȷʵǴԼҲֻưͳԻϵù޳ѾˣҪ˵ʲôҲ˵ȥ
׵ĻȷʵһãĴǸϵң˳ӭӵʱ򣬶޳̬Աǰࡣ
Ͼʵִ󷽵ߣ˭
˴γӭ޳ǣҪǽ뵽ĽصˣĻ޷
˲Ÿһ֣ԭֺ˴˽̸ʱž˵Ķ͵һĿˢһ¼λͷԣɫϡ
ʹԼʮ꣬ɢһǿѹ޳̽̽ȴΪգƺҲʵģӦ˸ı䣬Ʒǳ͸һɲɿܵƣǿ޳ʱȴǷǳġ
޳΢΢ͷ˷ǳĿ£ǿԿһˡ
ӭλأȥ˽ͨҪػһξ룬þؿ飬ϣҼ¡޷ƽƽ˵ȴɢ͸һκη֮ġ
ͷһͬ뵽Ľͨ
ڽصĴ˵࣬һصµĻɽһѾ֤ʵȴǸְ汾С
е˵ʮ֮ǰһŻֱҴߣʮݱһ𺣣̺ʮ֮ǰıԴ
޳룬˵ıԴ֮ǲǾصУȻλԶŵʦô˵޳ȻҪȥش̽һ
⻹һ˵˵ǽʵһþʮ֮ǰһλȱ̺޿ɱͨôʱѾԳһ磬׻㲻þȴ˭޷˵ġ
޳ǰҲԪ۹Ϊǻþ˵һŵģǸڽһڶ˵
Ӧ̺ʵģ޳ǰֵŨҵĻǿһɼ
ǺܴĻԪأѾܾûн޳ĬĬţѾڼڲ˺ص֮£һԪá
Сӣɵŵ㣬㲻綼̮ġԪЦ˵ǻиֻȻ޳Ū̱
޳ǳһЦݣֳĬ
Խĸ϶СѾͷؿܣʱʱ˵䣬ǰɽ޳һ
ȻûôˣҶع۲ܡ
С˵˵һɽ磬зǳֲĻޣΪɲ⣬е໹ǿ
ѽɱҪȻȻһභȻǲһռ
˵һ룬ƺǾ⻰ͽĻȥ
˵Ǵڸ߶ȽŵУˣЩ޳ɳĴԵ࣬ǵ峤Ѿ߹ǣֻҪ޳ķԸܹΪģǵһǳǿĴڡ
ǻЩǹһǳֲ޳ȻʵǿģǱȴֲģֻҪ޳Ȼɳ˶ĵز
Щ߶޳أʱΧԽԽǿң¶ҲԽԽߣһ㶼£ȷʵУ˶׷޳ĽŲԽԽ
˵ǲ𣿡Щ˷ЩƵʵ
ǶǵСԽߣѹԽԽһִϿʼ壬ǲҪ¶µȫԿذ
λתͷһЦ˵ʲôֻҪĵϾͺˡ
ѽҪĴģûʲôܹȥġָ˵
ǰðжԸ޳飬ѾţȻ⣬ǵѾ˶ȥҵ鷳
ֻĬĬؽѹͬʱΧ˶һ˼һҪ޳ǲǶȻԹۡ
˱ҭһĬĬıͣһǰȥ
ʱǰ¶ѾԽԽߣѾҪǴ߷ס壬ܹǰ
ȰǰɽҲ̲סĺһ䣬תͷ޳϶ǰͷŵ޷ǾȻһ鶼ûУʱЩƽ
Ľʺް˱˱ˣ
޳ʱȴûжǴ߶Ԫػظ;УһЩһӴ壬ͱȫգѹκ˺
ּܲ˶ܹõģҪԪصĿƴﵽ¯࣬ǳĵزܹʵ֡
λ߼޳ľٶҲЧ£㽫Լ˶
ȻǽЦһͨ˶ٳԣͬʱ޳ɫҲ
϶Ļģ츳ߣԼӦ԰취ʱľԪػؽڵЩֱӻܡ
޳쵽ǰɽĳƳһƼɫҲıòÿһԼǵѹ
Ǹ޳Щߣ߶ܵչˣ˶ʱмĶ޳л
޳ؼǰߣǰͨѾԽԽܵҲԽԽǿ
ǴʱһУҪأͨͨ
Ǳ˱ųͱڣ޳ЩǽʵĻɽң֪֮ǰӦöҽ񾭹ݻ˼Ӳʯ̺ŵɻܹѰ
޳̽ϸĲ鿴һ£ЩʯȻ̺ȴѾǳ΢ǵѾȡ
ǰҪҽ磬Сġ޷ͻȻôһ顣
˶ʱϢӣһ˲˲Ķǰҽ絽ˣǾ˵ǰֻޣǻеİĿǰõİ취ǲҪǡ
ǺȻǲܵģ˻ṳ̂ǰҽ֮أվڽʵغͻҽĽأƵĿǰͻȻһͷ޴ġȼŻħޡ
תͷǰ˵޵λߣһѻ졣
˰ǲɱ飬Ҷ֪Ҳ밡
ҪˣǰͷɢƣһӾͽⷽռԼĶ
һãһҪסȻ綼ɵģ


1539 ŭ
ڵ統еĿֲ֮һŪãͻɵγɴ̮
ҾǶʵߣҲܹѳȥΪֵطһ̮ͻγһȻϣȥеȥ·
ǰﶼûܹӳ˴иǽŲѡ
޷ȻǵһޣŴһֹĶ˵԰ꡣ
˶侲һ˲˲Ķǰͷŵɺ۾»ħޡ
ϴ˵ǲ̺žĻ˵ԪءǰɽͻȻս޳ԣСʵ
޳Ƴһۣһ˿Ц⣺ܹɹؽЩ𣿡
ǰɽɽɫһ壬˵ǲܣϴ㲻ǿ𣿡
˵ķǳСվǰ޷ˣݵһתͷĿ˵Ҫǲǵжġ
˵ĶʱһݣҪҵĸо
һͷѾеܵˣһȺʱֱӽⷽˣ湻Цˡ
𣡡޿֣ʱŭſ³һȵĻŸһ֣ڿгɱĳɳȻһɽһ㳯޳ѹ
ǵصľܵĿȼѾԽܵĳ̶ȣ˽ȫ߷ſֵס
޷֣Ƽһ⣬ĻԪûһһӳǻ֮ϣȻֱӽĻ˻ȥڻϡ
ҪͲŸһſ޳ѾϣѾĻԪؼһлˢһֱ嵽޵ֱͣһӽᴩ
޷ϣչ֮䣬һźɫĴ䣬ɿؽ
޳һƣ˳Ӱžһ³Ż޵¡
ֻصһ޶ʱ壬һ
һֻǷһϦ֮䣬˻δӦǰͷ޾Ϣıˡ
ã˻عȴ޷תͷһ䵶ӣŵ
ȷʵһͷǰôͷǴʱҪľǱְҪȺ
޷תͷ޳ͷȻ˵һҪСģڸҽ硣
Ļ䣬ִƿ죬繫Ӻһλ̤ͬնֻһ˲Ѿ޷ԡ
޷Ķλ񣺡ү繫ӡ
޳Ŀ⵭λүϣˡ
繫ǰڰ˵һʱ䣬Ǹתͷ˵˼䣬޳ϡ
׶޳̬Ȼ㹧ͷʱ˵ʱ򣬼˱㿪ʼӽ뵽硣
޷ߴңϵͷޣֻǵͽ׵ħޣǰиӿֲĴڣϣϣҲҪ궯һжС¡
˽Ķͷֻǳǰߵʱжһɺ⡣
ڵϣȻ̶ֳȵħޣ統УЩ޿ûԪأ˵ʵ̫Կˡ
ԶԼȵҽ룬Ŷӽǰ
޷ǰ棬׺ͷ繫ӣ޳ˣ첨ŵ嶾칬ķơ
ߴǣ˶Ĭǰȥ
ǽǵƺã޷ס繫ǲǵһͨǽȴ˻ޡ
˿ǰðħޣüͷ΢΢
޷һֹĶôǱǰȽͷޡ
ŸҪȴһסȻ˿ٵȥ
װ˴ǰ˻Ⱥ
˵ҪȥΧҽȴð˹˵ģˮһ㡣
ס壡޷תͷ˺
ĻŸ䣬ļ˵о˷һҽУһѪڽ븹У˲һʧȥ
д󾪲ѣֵؿܵҽղͷ޽˲ǱΧ
㲻лðҪˣ˼
޷˵ҾʹûԪأҪԪأȻⷽռҡ
϶ǰ־ľԪ׵ĽЩȻ֮һģϻӵȻų⡣
ռɲ˿˼Щҵһðͻⷽռǿҵң𲨶ʱɾһʰˡ
ЩԭҪ߷Ԫ֮ɫ԰ףеѹͲܹԪأڵԪ֮ļ֣¿ͷˡ
޳״˵ȥסǣǶԸޡ
׵ͷֹ
޳ЩߵУˢһʩչǰѾѯʹԪ飬ԪǾģҲһַǳں˻ԪأֻҪһı佫ɢƸĳɻԣͲƬռų⡣
˵һ֣ͳɹؽЩ߸˱Χ
Ȼ޳ܹʹûԪصǣĻ޽϶ʹõľԪأҶռңֻɢԴԴϵע뵽޳ڣɲүߵ״
ԸԴԴӿĻȺ
޳ǽ֮ڵĻ֮תͷ㾲ع۲ǵʵ
ǿ󰡡ǰɽ̲ס죬޳Ƚһ£Ȼȫܹóۡ
״ʱԸЩޣǷǳĳͶ֮䶼͸һɴݺţվŵķ繫ӱֳȻԭǾ쵽ĻҪǿ࣬һȻʵ
޷ȻȲλԸѾǳо飬ʱӦҲࡣ
λأЩޱ㲻ܹأƲԣ㻺ȥ
ʱѾɱ˲°ͷޡ
ѾûΣգ޳ߵǰƯҽеĻޣǵ֪λɷҪЩʬ壿
ֵתͷʵкð֣õĻȥ
޳ͷǰؽһҽЩʬȫ£Χ
Ȼ˾ֵĿ⵱еĿʼ仯ٶȷǳ죬һ˿˿ĻԪЩʬ嵱гע뵽ľУľ
ţĻԪлγһʯ
˿ӶҪˡ
ֲ̫ˣȻֱˣ˴󾪲ѡ
ôģʵ̫˼ˣ˶ȵĿ޳Ҳ𾪲ѡ
ǰӵ޳ЩʯʱҲǴоȣȴΪЩ޳ѼģǰӣȻЩ޳ģҺпǽԪطյУֳġ
Щ΢֪ǸøãǸĽʺޣ֮ǰλҪСϺöˣʵ̫ˣ޳ĹϵѾͣҪȻǻ鷳ġ
޳һѾЩʬ嵱̺ĻԪȫ˳ú󣬽ĸӵСһʯƬ׷Ͷ뵽ڶУ˵Ȼ࣬޵ʱʱô֧һᣬԷһ
˴ĿǻƶСģĻԪʯޱȣЩûлԪصߣǸжöҪˡ
ⶫڣϻޣ򲻵ѵʱⶫӳȥ赲һᣬӮþԮʱ˵һ
׺ͷ繫޷˴ʱȴǳ鴤̲ס̣⻹֪ࣿЩʬУȫǸһ˿Ԫصȡģ


1540 ʶ
𾪹·ǵüǰ޷ͷ׺ͷ繫ӣ޳֮
Խؽش֮ǰһСĶڣ޷δͣ£ֱӴ˹ȥһȺȫһ
Ÿս뵽һռ䣬˾̲סҪȥˣʹĺһզôȣ
ȵϢ·Ҫȼ
̧ͷһʱɴ۾ֻǰȻȼһƬȫǻ棬ʱǲ汻һţŲڳ˹
޷վǰ棬ϺһͳϷȥ˴󾪣Ҫ
ǣ޷ֻ쵽֮ϣһ̣ϳ˹ѣȻһƬصĻˢһ¾ͳ˹
˺һԲۣʩչֵЩ档
֮䣬˱Χһͷû¶мһСͷ
ʱԸţ۾Եͬ飬һǿЦѡ
ھڻӾһϧ¶ʵ̫ˣһСľܹճɻҽ
⵽ʲôطֹطʵ̫ˡ
޷˵ҪͨϣΨһĳ·
޳üͷһ޷˵Щ֣ͨѵһͨϾ˼ҵ˽Ҳô
ֻǽĵԱ߷ȥǰɽ϶ıΧ֮ڡ
˼ǰߣţ޳ȴͻȻܵƺЩ졣
Ȼȫǻ棬ԼܹЩȷʵǳ嫣ںҲǸղڿռ֮ڵġ
޳ִʱһ޴ҶУҶǺɫʯżһЩͻռԼʮԲǰ߼м͹һطҪԲʯ
޳һʯʱ򣬶ʱоˣӦ￴
ǰɽͻȻһϴ㿴ǲɽ
޳ͷһǰɽͷû
˵ôȥ죬ԭļǵɽǼǸɽҶȻʱĻûǿңܵĶѨ״ȴһģһġ
뵽޳͵һǶѨпǿ޾ĺǣںԪͻȻ뵽޳ʶ޳߻ħ
û¡ԪӦ޳еĵǣ˵ǳƽȶӦû¡
޳ϸĸӦһ£ⶴѨ֮²ûЩԳĺǣʩչ뵽ʮ֮Ҳûκη֣˿
ҲʱɽпĿһþΪʲô￴ĶѨһͲö֪ˡ
׺ͷṫǰɽ޳ᵽɽЩ˳˼ͷһۣǲδģֻǼǰߡ
ߴʱǷרĶԸЩʱܹճɻҽĻ涼ﻹȥġ
һǰĻص¶ȴԽԽߡ
֣ô£˾ȵʵ˵浭ȥ¶ӦԽԽͲŶԡ
ǰƺ˳ڣ¶ȴԽԽߣһλһСľͱ뵽ϵУ˾
һ޳ĻԪؾʯһ֣γһΧŽЩ赲ϨȼϵĻ
˿ҲҴ⣬ѾپˣͬʱҲ֣ʱ׼ĻԪؾʯ޳Ǹм
ͣǰ޷ͻȻ̧֣˸ֹĶȻάˣǲǳС¾ʲôһ
׺ͷ繫ӵ½סӵ˼£ǳĬһˡ
޳ǵľٶжʱһǰһǳʲôʣҪȻ޷ǾԲ־ٶ
ߵĶᵽɤӿڣ˭ҷһ˿죬Ĭȥ
ǻû˶ãǰͻȻһЦȻ˾ͲˣϷѾܾûˣʻð
˵ţǰͷͻȻһ̿ˮŵëȻһɺĵϼ
Ǵʱܵ¶̫ߣˮһͱɣȻ˱綼ѾʪһƬ
ʲôСʵ
Ȼ˵ķǳСǰǲ֪ʲôĶȴشϷɲǶԣϷǶǣѽԣǼȻˣͲˣϷɣ
ã޳һʶľҪˣȴͻȻԼȻһɲʧȥ֪ǵǱһεţɿǰȥ
޳һҧӵ˼£ԪغȻֻˢһʲôһ޳һɣܹˡ
ǰǰ޷ͷ繫Ǽȫסɿˡ
Ϸ繫Ӻ׵ֱʱҲָ֪޳һʩչǰǹ˿
ǰĶû뵽Щ˾Ȼܹһ£Ц˼Сһǻģÿҽơ
ʲôüղĺգҪ޳һѣʱѾǶ˹ȥǶƺɢżղһӾǵ궼оȼգʵֲ̫ˡ
˳ǰȥʱһӰֻǰֵĲʲôһŻ˵Ļ棬Ż͸һ˿ɫɢױȵơ
ɫһӲҰףһ䣺ģĪǻ棿
СһﵹеûҾǻڡһ˾ȻܹϵԼõЦ˵
˿ЦǼ֪ˣԽԽ޲ֱӵͷߡ
ѹ޷ǲǳʲôˣҸûи˵ʲôҪȻⶫô
޷ʱҲǳأ˵²ǷǳǰЩӣʱ˵ؽܻһʣ֪ǲѾˡ
ʵ޷Ѿ϶ˣԴǰͻȻŸͨѾ֪ؿ϶ǳʲôʣҪȻԭͨ·һߵ֣һȴôͨͨģֻҪͨžͿԽȥҰȫࡣ
ǴȴǱرˣҲѾкЩûиϵԭΪһжⰲţ뿼Щˣһ涼ܳˣͷûô򵥣ǰһˣЩȻܹҴү˵ҪȻһţû취ͨ
ǵĶԻһ˿Ķ뵽˻УЦ˵Ҫ˵ʹ˵һصУҾףǵκξٶӲҵʶ
Щ˵ȫϣǵڣ޳ΧʱȫЩţһоٶЩȻ͸ǵڣ޳α⣬档
ĻŸ䣬޳зӦͻȻһֱʶĳ
һëȻĻ㣬㣬ŵ˴ѪҺζ
˵ţͻȻĻ汾嵱дϵĻ津ǣס繫Ӻ޳ͷϷ
ɭɭ˵㣬㣬С⣬ҪĴһٵĸоɣΪƷұһ٣Ҿͷˡ


1541 濼
ôΪҵļƷǵѪ⹲ңҾͷЩˡ˵žͳճյЦѾԵҪζһ
ԣһֱĬ϶һӦˢһ¾͵޳ǰ߷ߵĵǰֻȭͷСĻ棬ΣҲүģҪҲҪһ
Щ޳ҲһķӦȫǰ壬ŭغҪΣǾҲ
ǰɽ˿ڿˮȻˮһ֣ѾʧΣǷ߷ߵرŻһۣм˵㶼ѾˣȻų⣬ǲӻˣҪϴͬͬ⣡
ɽȥ޳ȴͻȻһӽǰɽ϶һӣҪ֮ǰһס޷Ҳȥһ˲ʩչһϣٴι
һǰֻס繫ӶԻ棬ľٶ˲ûзԡ
˭֪Щ߹ҲֻԻ棬ҲһնûУǰⶫֱ̬ǿڿٵ˼ӦԷ
濴޳ľٶʱЦãСϵҾϲɴģ˵˵ɣ˭
繫ӵɫǴʱ뵽ΣУҲûжԵƳ˻һ˵һרſ㣬Ҫ³ҵΪȫϣǿԱһҷҪĻᡣ
˵ֳĬȥŻĻش
дϵĻһ£˼еĻĿų̶ȣ־ҵض£͸һ˿ŭ˵ķǲˮƣ
繫ӵڣǡ
Ϊ˳ûţֱӽϵǬ¶һǣչʾһ£Ȼֻһ˲䣬һİ׹ֳһӾܵ¶ȽһЩ
Ӿ˼֣治ַŭĺⶫȻûб𣡺ãõĺܣҲû취Щ꣬ϷǱʵѾ뵱ͬǸһⶫΪ˿ңѹû뵽ϷˣϷô꣬Ϊⶫܹס𣿡
繫¶һ˿м˵ĶȷؼţֻҪ㹻ܹȼԪ½Ļ𣬶˵𡣡
Цм˵ϧûǸ
ĻŸ䣬޳ͬʱǰ̤һأ
˵ţϵȫɢ˳ƾȻǵܵĻȫ˼磬Ƴײȥײڻϣǵֶ˼¡
ʱûϸ˼˺һ˵ãҸǻֻҪֱܹͨҵĿ飬Ҿͷǡ
޳ʵʲôзֱͨĿ飿
Ц˵˶л뿪ϣ˵УֻҪһͨ飬ܹЩˣ˭ͨҪҳԵ
˵ʿˮɢζǵøӶˡ
޳ϸĿһ£ΨһĻˣ±Ӧ
һӦǰɽżˣǰ棬֪ʲôʵһô죿ڻİ취ѽ
޳Ѿ⡣
Ǿ淢һߣһ津ˢһȦס繫ӣԼǰ
ûӦ֮ǰһŻγһϣһӾͽ
繫ӵɫ䣬æԪ֮ȥ赲
һȷʵǳֻ̬ײѹӮǺڴʱֻǿ飬ܳŹȥͺˡ
İΧУͨȫնˣֻܹԼﴢ
ֻ΢˼һ£ӦԷڵԪأһǻԪأһȴˮԪأˮԪһϣԼˮԪ֮šһԪأЩ֡
һ룬ЩĻԪر㲻ϵģȶȵ͸ˮԪصʱٴģȵ뵽ڵʱѾ첻в
濴ľٶ˶ӣЩ͵˵ЩӣϷͿֶܼðɡ
˵ţ㲻ȥڶ룬չǰǰһקͬķûϽס
ǰ繫ʾѾӦ֮ߣ繫ӵİ취ͬǣõԪء
ЩԪرٵγһȦһȦʵסһһӲʱγһ̵ķ㣬ЩȼЩԪ棬ɿؽ˿š
Ȼụ̈һ˿ɷĩǾһɷĩһɲǣǾϣһӽһ㱻ԪĻԪظˡ
Աл˹Ԫٴ̽赲һγһѭ
ǵᱻģһҲģڱȵľ˭־á
ڶҲܹĵֵס棬ͻȻЩˣȵ޳ʱ޳ϸĴһ飬Ҫҳİ취
һʱʧɫͻȻವһ´ԭأڿնΧ޳ٵתһȦֻصԭλ
Сӿ˵ʲô˷ܵʵ޲ֱӽ޳ˡ
ҲǻôˣһëͷСǰԶţҪȻȥôֻţȽ޳סͨ飬ֱӿԳˡ
޳ĻǰһѵԪϢ
Ȼʲô˵ֻվԭأĿǰ԰дϵĻ档
޳˵綼Ѿ˶ԲߣԼǰһˢһ½޳ͷס
ϾȻɫģǰɽŭغ̫ˣΪʲôֵϴʱĻôˣⲻƽ
һ˵ҶģҪʲô̶ȵĻҵ飬ⲢΥϷǵķЧ
ǴҪ޳ֱӶıԴ档
Ԫһɣ޳СӣҪСˣⶫǴⲻãһСľͻʶջ٣үүģ϶ʵ̫޳ˣ£
ԪҲֻȫﲻ޳æΪ֣ԪȻˡ
޳ɫò԰ף͵ҧݲԼʱʹЩɢľȫסȫ͸һ˿
ԪԪҲסˣ¿鷳ˣ
ү϶һĻ۾ˣƴĳײǰϣǰɽҲͬżһѾͷľٶקס˵ҪϴڲƣҪȻҶΣա
϶ԣһ߿һͣǺܵ޳ʱȥǳĲá
˶ܹ޳ʱʹ쳣ɫ׵ĸֽһϵĺðһӾˣлŵ֣˾ҵȼգһ㸲ȥֲֿ
޳ڵˮֱٵɣƤͰûãݾͲ˼ʮ꣬ͷһ
ϴһҪְǰɽȭͷвϵΪ޳ͣԲ޳ô׾ܹܡ


1542 Ůʬ
ʹ裬ʹһжȲϴʱ޳ĸܡ
ʶڱҵ˺ЩѾĳ뵹ʶС
޳ҧԼһ춯άзɿ˼š
ʵȵĻԪؽ뵽ľУڵԪȫֱײҪͻһ㡣
޳ؽЩԪѹƴʶиҡ
ôǿȼ֮£ʹòһ֣һӱסʱĽ첻Ӧеصزˡ
ʱΨһеľʶ綼֪ʶѾһˣʱϣ漣ƺоЩԪص룬ʶдһ˿ĲȻڿһ
޳ᶨǸѼһģڵһԵظʶڱڵԪЩߣȫʶϣ
ǾϵһʱͻȻһ
ЩԪؾȻھҵڵԪأҾȻԪеЩԪҲ˳һ֣ͱġ
̵ģԪҲˣЩı
͸ֵǾƾĵ޳ˡ
ͻȻ޳һ˴۾Ķ壬ѹЩǰ壬ӳȥҲá
һɣЩȫˣľҴܡ
Ԫһ飬С
һ̣ˣԪˣͻȻЦСӣİ
޳һн֮ضЩԪײ֮󣬾ȻĴһͨʱЩԪطʶг壬ٶ֮죬˾
ӵĻѹ׷ǣһӾͱ˦ԶԶġ
Щһʶ޳㽫ʶǽ롣
ʱͻȻһ£ֵһȻЦСе˼Ҷ𣿡
˵ŹЦĻ޳ʱȥ
ʶһ˵ľеȫԭҪľ޳ܹ뵽ʶס˵ġ
޳ȴܲˣֻʶţǽ룬ʱЩȫȼܵسʶ
л޳ٵð˿ȥһ
϶˶Ҫˣţү
ǰɽȭͷѾѪȴֻԶԶĿţߺ޵˼㣬ǻܹо޳Ϣɼᶨ޳һᴳȥģ
ּסԱߵ׺ͷ繫ע⵽ߵҲЩżѣǴʱҲǷҪԿЩ棬Ѿǵȫ
޳Ƿģѵļ֣ġ
̶ȴǶһ˵УͻȻһ
޳ʱȻǳգȴ͸һţ˶֪Լʲô
޳ǰȷʵ֪ԼҪʲôʱǽüĿЩһԵس뵽ʶ֮ʶеɫ磬ɢ⣬ӭЩĵһ
һ»𣬿һ̣¾˱仯޳¿ʼЩӿ
һЩȫˣһӾ޳ʶе¶ȽȥЩԭճɻҵĲݵغͻľȻ֮£ֿʼ
ܹʱʶеĻһŵ˵ֱӹڵ϶Ĥݡ
һС磬һ磬뵱ôģҲһӶѣǴʱ޳ʶоȻһ磡
֪ˣ϶ȫ
ʱȴǾȲѣĻ棬Դӽ뵽޳ʶУʧȥϵǱƾһһŻ棬ˢһ½޳סϣȥ̽϶޳ʶбȻйŹ֣ҪȻ˿޳ѾյĻҷˣﻹֻЩɿݣȴɼͦվš
һľٶʱͼغ㱰޳ܣ˵ֻܽһο𣿡
ͷʱȴһ̽Ѱ޳ʶеܣѾƤʲôˣһԵĽע뵽޳ڡ
޳߲ܣȫ뵽ʶУǰͬЩһ뵽ʶͱʶеĽɫɢĽϣһ˿һϢûɢȥ
һʱߺʧô౾Դ֮𣬾ȻܽС£ֱӽԴ֮ע뵽޳УҪ֡
еĻ޳ȼ޳ȴܲˣʱֻʶзı仯
¾ȻʼǿɫҫƺҲڿʼɢʵĹԡ
ʵ̫ˣ޳ԼҲȵˣѵܹ̫֮һӳâ
еͷһǿϲ̫ˣ
ۡ屬һ˿˿ζ嶼ѾȼԪʶʶס嶼Ѿȼոˡ
ԪЩƵ˵СӣôҲչһ˵ĸܺĺȡ
Ȼһ壬ҲܲˣʱԪѾޱȣ⣬ȥڻ˲źãȻԪԪŵرûôױڻġ
ָоɷǳãԪеСǺǴʱҲһĶŽţҪȥȴǱס¸޳鷳ֻżԭشת
˵ô죿һȥƵʵ
׻ȴҡҡͷ˵Ϥ綼Ѿǵĳһȥͻջ١
ҲܹΪʲô˵Ȼһֱô޳ˣһֱ޳ģֻ̣޳ӱ۸ﻹ̵ס
ԱߵľͻȻ֣¡
ʲô£ǵ˶Ҫճ˸ˣʱһƲסֱӽʶ˳һһ˵
ֱһ֣
һ˵ַֿҲǹˡ
ˣǶˣͷۣѾȵˣԪͻȻȺС湻ͷ۵ģһֻëԪвϵıҪȥͷҪը
ԵС˵˿϶ǳȥģԽȫס˵ҪȻֱӽӳȥʱ˿û˻ġ
ĻСȫûֻ˲ôģһ뵽һҪȥʱס
һŭǰ˳ȥǰ˸ʵʵ
ԲۣСǣĴСͻȻϮռȻǷӦʱѾû˻֮ʱֻܱסС򲻶ϵʩչŭһһԣ˵ӳȥˡ
ŭȴǶһһûãӽͻȻðһԲ򣬲ϵĺţˣˣ浽׷ʲô飿ҿҪըˣ
͸ޱȵķŭǰ˯ȫǱѵģܳļƣһӾͻˣô£ҪǸ˰ɣҿɻûȫһ¿ǻᱻģ
˵ţϵĶ壬ֱײҪȥ
ԪһСһҪ£ɹžһ´ϣСɱɳȥֱӱˡ
ĺȣҪˣƵغԭӣŵĶǲľ֮࣬ͻȼգ¶ҪٲͣҪֱӱյûҷﻹܹ
Щȫ뵽ĺ֮ڣ͵ؽӴ򿪣ϵĴȺȣ
Ӵ򿪵һ˲䣬һɲãϢ汬洫һʲôصʯǱһ
һ˲һԶŵ͸һŮ˵Ƶĵͻţ̺һɷǳֲϢ
ġ
һ£·ʹֹͣһ롣


1543 
ġ
ԶԶŵ͸һϢˢһչռ䣬ЩĻƺһӾήܵ˲ȥ
氡Ĳҽһ忪ʼҵĶпڴһ
ղ᲻ôⲻܣԲܣ棬ԽԽܲ˵ĺһ䣺ˣ
ܣ
޳˫һȥ˼ղ𺳣дϵĻѾɵ˰Уȥ붼δֱȥ
ϴҪʲô
үҪ
Ԫ鶼󲻽ֹСӣˣͣ
޳ʱǱסĻһǰһˣһץȻĸһѾס˻β͡
֪СץҸϷٳɻҽһԼȻһСסˣߺ޵ĺţ岻ϵĶҪѳȥ
޳漴ǰһֻؿס棬ܣʱɢǰдϵģղ޳ɫ¶Ҫ࣬޳ǰĿ飬ʱץ̶ֳȵĻȫڻ¡
ʱȫɻ޳ץԼţһҧڵıԴ֮ȫ˳ֻһɫĻһ´ӻıըֻһ˲ȼܴ
ˣǰɽȫصڵϣ۾ֱ㶵Ŀǰ޶ˡ
ôһɫĻֱӽ޳˶ȼǸԶԾ쵽ЩɫĻǰ޳ĻҪǿ
ƴˣǰǸ֪ðŮֱӽĵӶˣֻܡ
Ǽʹ֮£޳˫Ȼץ·Щɫȼնѹһ㡣
ʵϣʱ޳沿ѾȼյŤԼֲ־ţͬʱЩɫĻ漫ʶиϣ
ԭȸȣʶȴڻӭǣѾɫϿյ£ʱͻȻһɾ޴Щ档
ԭΪԼܹӵתͷһСȻȼ棬ľһ㶼С
СӵǴðĹЩˣڲǰͲӦȥ޳ıԴ֮𶼲ܹСȼգˡ
лȫǸŮ˿ֲѸٵ˼ţ۲һܣͻȻһŻ棬ֱֱĳ޳ϳȥ
ǰɽ϶ǵڵϣĿǰڳͻȻĿֲѾûзӦˣǴʱﻹ˵ֻ޳û¡
޳Ȼάţ޳¡
ġ޳һòɿ棬תϳȥ
ֻƼһԲɫͷͻȻſһѪڣ۵һ¾ǿҪӽϵɫ棬Ȼַɿת
޳ʩչǧ٣ֻһ¾ѾſڣסҪӳȥĻ档
ҪֵˣƵ˵Ҵ˻͵ûңߡ
ɫλͷͻȻɫĹâ޳ۣһЦ־ץ
Բۣ̬Сӣֻܵͷܡ
Ÿתǰǵǰˢˢسһɫλ棬һӾ͵סȥ·
ҪˣСӵʲôģʩչķӰȻҲôǿ
ǲǰײˣҪȻץסһܹӵõ
һת޳ѾվԶֻ۾ðɫĹ⣬ؿ
СӣǴһ˵ҪʲôеĶ㣬Ȼ뿪ôֻתΣ
޳ϸĸһºԼ˵ƵĿڣﻹǴһ˿ȻҪ㡣
ԲֱۣһֿڣƵغûú˰СôôŤأһҶùִҪĻҾͻȥʱҲˣ
޳ֿ죬ɭɭʣ𣿡
ĻŸ䣬һŷӰˢһǰվһŵĻ͵ضһ£İдϵĹâǱǰࡣ
޳ֱӽĶһͿ޳̬һķӦ˿̻һնûУҪȥĲˡ
ô죿ǰͷǺͷлû·ˡ
漴ವһڿмӴȻûǾֻˣҲҪƴһѣ
޳ʱȼŵǰѾҪС࣬ѰŻܹһҲżץסֻ׷ڿзɿĴ
ȥͷ˼𾪵һĻֻһֻһںɫˮγ޳һˮʹ׷
϶ǰɽѾֻһͷ޳û£޳û¾ͺá
׺ͷ繫ӵĿҲֵ֧ĲˣʱΧŻѾĥԽԽķһУõѾ˵ʲôζˣƵҪ浱ж൲һ
ʵ̫ˣ޳һﵽôģдϵĻѾǺˣǼһﾹȻ˼ҵıԴ֮𶼲£Ȼ˱˱ˡ
ǼĵˣһˣһҲǻǷǳԼġ
һߣ޳׷һȼŵɫѾյĲˣ´ʱѾ̫֮䣬ɢɹԺ
ʶ˿̾ն糿һմأѡ
޳ĥһ䣬һ¾ͳŻ׷˹ȥ
ٶͻȻӿ죬ܵѾľĻһֲͱץסˡ
СʹթƵĺ
޳˿ȴǽץסһţѸײڶֱ֮ȥ
ҪˣĿͣѾ׵ˣ
˵СҲ̫ˣⲻԪʱѾ쵽޳ͼָˣֵǣǸǼ
Сӵӹ˼ȴϸ壬Ԫ鶼û뵽һ㣬޳Ȼ뵽ˣûıԴ֮ȥʶе£ȷʵٺòˡ
汻޳һ£ֱʶϣԭὫ޳ʶһ͸о˲ԾƴܣѾûǰƣСֵܣҴ˻ͷŹҰɣôĲףʮ˰֮»˭ܹôãһϹŶˣҪǸȤԶо飬֪ľԻ㣬֮ɱҰ
ԽԽϧ濴޳ʶǿֲˡ
޳һʻֱӽ˵޳ʣǵǼǰ𣿡
ʹᣬôˣﻹǵãֻǵԼ𺣵гƴòײŽۼܳȥĺɽˮ̥
Ѿᡣ
޳شȼһ˿ϣҲ˿գһֱӽʶС
һ˸һɫһ㣬ɢĹһһ㣬סʹԼǰϡ
ҵģʲôɿ̧ͷһȻһʵץԼ¾ŵ״
޳˿ȴǽϵĻȫ˦ʶУڵϿʼԼָȫʶеİ


1544 ѭϵͳ
ʵ̫̬ˣ
˴ʱֻôһͷѾֱڵ޳
׺ͷ繫Ҳ׵ͨ˿飬ʱվ޳࣬رӡ
ˣҪСϼ꣬͸ǹƺҪǻҪ
˴û˭ֻǿŵյĿȫǵ޳ȴЩˡ
޳ʱ˵ʵڵȴᣬȵ汻ƷĲˣʩչ峹ױϣȻһ
Ǹ㣬ȥЩֻ꣬͸һɼͣ˵ĲɣζǾʱζ
˲˲۾ֲ˲۾ĬĬصͷȥԼ飬޳ˣԲˣ˶ܵش
޳תͷһܣ׺ͷ繫ѾȫգЦһ£һ乧ϲںջĬĬȥ֪ʱԼ˵ĺá
õϳ϶ӵ˹ͷβļһ飬û²˿
ǰɽѾȲʵϴ㽫ǻôˣ
޳ֻǵһЦ˵˾䣺ˡһĻûС
ǰɽǷǳϤ޳ģô˵бض飬ô˵ҲϸʣֻȴֹϴҲԽԽ̬ˣôȵĻ涼ҳԣȻûʵǺ棬޳Ūȥˡ
ôǿҵıԴ֮Ҫ˵ȥ˭š
϶ֻҪүû¾ͺãŲȥʲô棬ģֻǺ۾޳ٴμһ飬ȷİȻվһĬĬᡣ
޳߹ȥᣬЦ˵ɵѾͷⲻûˣ
϶ֵصһ˵̫Σˡ
Ȼ֪үзִ磬ǰһĻʵ̫ˣһи⣬˭е
޳Ц֪ԼʲôʱͻȻҪ˵Ĵ㣬ҲȷԼܹܵסټʶЩֲĴڣȫ£ܹоʶе·ǳĸˡ
ʱѾȫĽס̵ŻԾıԴ֮
ĳƲˣǳһ̫űԴ֮գ¶ҲԽԽߣɢĹâҲԽԽá
ƬʶռľõĻ䣬ԶԶȥһƬĺһ
޳ʶоȻһ˿Ĳϸһƣʱҵ
Ԫ鼤Ԫ飬ʶг˿ǿ
ԲڵһģǿĿ
ģԪһ飬һ¾ʹԪ˳ɵʶУתͷһ£ʱ״ˡ
ģС̫ˣʵǳҵ⣬ΪûôģھȻǰֿʵ̫˼̫ˣ
Ԫһ˵˺ЩĶľȣ޳˺һƽ
ô޳ЩȷʵԪʵ̫ѵˡ
Ԫһۣ˵С֮ضˣĳϵĺã
޳Щţһ޳
֪ӪĿռûǿ˿ǻģҪȻӪҲһþѣ綼ʧġ֮˷ΪЩӪʱһ˿ԴˣҪΪ磬ҲҪڲϵı仯ЩԴ׵ļ
Ԫ˵һ٣˵ץסǿŶģԭѾ֪˶ˣܹһռ䣬֮յôĿʮ֮һ
˵һѾ޳ǳˣǰֻϲЩ뽫ץ˹ȡȫûôࡣ
㲻ţ
ԪЦ˵С治ȻǾһջʵ̫ˣ飬˭ܹߣһй¶ϢԺӾͣˡ
ȷʵˣһľ˷񣬵ôһľ֣߸֮ȥͷȻ޳ĬĸˣǲһᵽĻ˿Ԫ½ѾˣȻһ
Ҫ֪޳˿̵ʶ̺һѭϵͳС磬˻ͷˣ
ԪѾʱ޳ʶѾγһѭϵͳ
ת̫ܹɢȣĻ
ˮⷽĻˣҾϢˣ޳Ժ󲻸ṩⷽҲܹԴȥˡ
ʵ̫˷ܣ޳ʱҲӦ˹Ҫź
Ԫ뵽ʲôֶ˵Ҳ˵̫磬ϾڵʵʶռŪĻǻģȱһȥ
޳ʵҪʲô
Ԫü룬ҡҡͷ˵˵ҵЩ仹ûָ벻Ȼ
˵ԪͻȻĿתǱ½ǰĻ棬ʱѾĵĲˣֻʣһٵĿĵɫ
ıԴ֮ѾֻӤȭͷôСĶѾˡ
濴޳ǿԼ˵˰ɣܵø·ɣ
޳ϸĲ鿴һ£ȷʵյĲˡ
̽⽫
һõɣڳ壬ǻûܳȥԶǸԳΪ̫Ŀֲڣʩչһεס
ᣬӣѾˣˣҾҪҷˡ
˿̣ŵŻľˣȥҲָܻˡ
̫ƺĻҪͶϵ޳ǰ
ĶһΣתһµͷʱͷݳ࣬޳ҪһЦݣûгɹ
޳һ񣬳Ͽҵ˵ǰǰίˡ
Ƥһæ˵ɱܲ𣬵·
޳ӣȫԼҪλǰһҪ֪ĻԼİҲɵ
һ鶼ֻأԼ
ƺҲͨһ㣬̾˿˵һжѾϷˡ
˾ͺãԹԵĴԺٲôģǧˣҪȻⶫֱӽˡԪƮǰϸشһ¡
ǰƴĵֿԼգûע⵽ԪĴڣֻͻȻƼǰƮһʱ󾪡
ϢôоЩ֣ΧԪתһȦʵ
Ԫ鲻ϲԼһƯ˻ͷʵʮ֮ǰģϸĻ룬ʮ֮ǰû
ǳһ£ҡҡͷ˵ǵá
Ԫֱһ˹ȥ㲻˵ҵϢ𣿲ǵָʲô
ˣһλСϢأѵʮ֮ǰҲʶ
ԪעһӾͱתˣʵ˵˵СӵϢˣ
Χ޳תһȦȻü˼һᣬ˳飬С˵֪
ԲۣҴ򰡣ԪΧŻһͨᣬѾ٩ǵ
޳ʱȴ˼룬ʵǰΪʲôҪǣƺǵ˵ŨζʲôѪ֮


1545 Ѫ֮
޳⻰ֱӽſˡ
ǰǹϣⲻûнǶʹ˲С˹Ҫ𣿡
ˣһˣĽˣʱҪ޶ûˡ
޳ЦĿ˵ǰˣ޳ȻӦ˺ǰȻõҪѯղŻе˼
ģСĿһۣ޳У˿˵ʵҲ֪һŵǵζ;÷ǳľܹɢζˣѪ֮ȻǳǿֻҪˣܹѪеľ
Խ˵Խֱӱ졣
޳ȴûй˵Ļʱֻ˼Ѫ֪֮ԼеѪ֮кر֮׺ͷǣҲϤ֪ǵѪкֵĵط
ǰ̵УûмѪЩֵǵҲѪУ޼ȴûйⷽĴԣҪУүү͸ˡ
Ԫһʵ᲻ĸһԵʣ
ǰ;޳ĸ׵ѪЩ֣޳ܹӰͷӰⱾͷǳ⡣
޳Ҳ⣬ĸ׵걻ǿʯ׵еŮʬˣȻ֪ĸӦʱްҪȥѯʣҲû취ġ
뵽ͻȻǰǸʵǰǲǶĵеŮʬ˵ˣ
˵ԪɫһӾͱ˱䣬뵽ʲôڤ뵱С
ͻȻ˵һ䣺Ȼȥˣġˢһ뵽ԪС
޳һЩǰ飬뵽ԪЩԳʱʧصӣĬĬؽеȥ
ÿ˶ԼܣЩԪ鳹׻ָ֮ǰΪǺѾȷǿʯ׵еŮʬͨ
뵽ʻǰǸΪλ˺£
˵ãһ˵ͻȻһ˹ȥ
ܵĴ̼͹ģǱһֱͨ˲ɣڳܲס
޳Ҳ֪ǹģˣ취ûܹŪѣֻܽʶ̫ţ״̬лصʵ硣
һۣԱվһȦˣһ˲˲Ķ
ôˣ޳վʵ
ϴû£ǰɽһΧٴνϸؼһ飬ǰ޳ʶԪǽʱ˲ֻ֪о޳ϢԽԽȻֱӸʧһˣɰѴҸŻˡ
Ƿ繫ֹ˴ȥ޳˵ǷẦ
϶ͱŻˣԱѾ˺ܾã޳Ҳתͷ˫ۺ׵϶εҡҡͷŴ˵İɣû¡
ʱҲ˹޳ǳϸĴһ£ȻЦ˵ĳĳʶˡ
޳˼ЦЦ˵ǰҲû취飬Ƽˡ
ĬĬŤͷƼˣǿǿֱĵģһﻹһڽ˼ҵˡ
뵽˽ʵ
ĽǻˣǼһôˣ˻ǡ
ѽղһĻ澪գĺ
ƨģģ֪𰸵ģ˷ţ޳ֻ΢ЦֱӵûЩĲûش
ҲֻʣûҪ֪ϾҲϵط޳ĸǣҲ
ǰ޷ͷ
һ޳ȴͻȻһ飬תͷһ𺣣ͣ
ôˣǰ׺ͷ繫Ӽû죬תͷɻĿ޳
޳ĿЩ֮ϣǵЩ֮˰ɣ
ЩӦҪʲô˼ͻȻ޳ȶֽ뵽С
ɶͷԣɻ󲻽⣬޳Ѿ뵽УҲöȥ
ҲֱԽ޳ǰߣҲԭشģݵ
޳ʱȴһ״Ѿѹһ޳ľٶʱʹް
˵Сӣһ·𣿱ϾɱýһùʱˣԼСӸץˣЩҲܹ⡣
ôҲǸЩô꣬ʯͷҲˣôҲΪЩȡһ¡
޳⣬ģֻ˵ҪôҽǳĥҪôշǡ
޳˵ţѾʼЩ뵽ڵĻ档
ߵ˵Ƭұġ
Ҳǰ޳һ뵽磬ջԪصԵʡ
޳һЦ˵ⲻǻ𣿡
лڣҪЩԪ練ƣ޳Ĳ»ԪضƬռҡ
汻ҭסҧгݣҲû˱İ취ֻܰ޳ҪȻСĻֱӽЩָˡ
Ƶ˵˵ˣܸϾɱɵø֡
д⣬İɣӾġ޳Ц˵
һ鲻ԸİĻԪ
һжʶнеģļܷǳǿûеһ˿ЩȴԹԵԶת޳ڡ
޳ų⣬Щһ֣ʯ뵽ԪУһΪ֣ʶ档
ѾǺˣԺʶеСҪȥ˽ĻǾͱҪЩԺôš
ȻڲὫЩ߻棬ҪȻҪˣⱲӶܹȥˡ
ԺչģƬСɳһȫµ磬ҲδοĻԺｫǵϣ
޳ͻһǱĵܵĻ档
˿ⷽռﲢûзı仯ֻ޳֪Щ浱еľѾȥˡ˾ܵƺıˣҲûж롣
ֱһʱ֮޳ղϣվĿһܣתͷ˵߰ɡ
˲ֻǰߣ׺ͷ繫ӵɫȴͻȻúܹŹ֣˵жðһ˿ĵĹ⣬޳ȥıӰš
޳ͻȻоӣתͷɻĿһ£׺ͷ繫һ̣ѾŤͷ޳ûзκ״
ϴôˣǰɽ޳¶ɻɫʵ
޳ҡҡͷ˵û¡ֻǷԸ»Сһ㣬չ˲ĵطչ˺϶
ǰɽƵֹڵʵ֮ϣչ˵ô飬Ų˵
ֻǶ޳˵ϴ㻹ûбһһиҲ÷
ĻŸ䣬Щ޳ĺϴٱѽ㻹ҪôҲһ
ǰɽͷһۣ˵ҸϴãǲŶãھȻҼһһ
˺ôЦ޳ҲЦҡҡͷһ£ڻǽղЩĻԪǵʱ˭֪ǰʲô飬統Żá
һ˵һǰߣǰͨÿһܶչȥ¶ȱǰǵطѾ࣬ɵֵܹ
˲֪ǣ޳һһȴûЩҪȻܵ¶Ҳô졣
׺ͷ繫໥һۣ˾첻ȴʹ˸ɫȻһץס޳ɿת뵽ԱߵһܶУˢһ½ڸ


1546 
ͻȻıʿȫӦǰɽֻ֪ǰӰһѹûǷʲô飬һƲͷϴͲˡ
һҴүͷ繫Ҳˡ
Ƿʲô飿ϴϴõ𣿡һżѰ
޳ʱȴ׺ͷ繫һһҵЮţϢѾλϷסǱҪ˳֣򲻿̽Ѱǵ䡣
޳ͻȻԼܶеͬ飬ֵʵλǺ⣿
֪׺ͷ繫ˢһɿԱվãһַǳֵ
׿һ·繫ӣ֪һٻȿ˸ͷ޳Ҫܹó
޳Ӳ⣬ʵʲô
׵˳˵㲻֪ʲôװͿˡ
޳ˣĲ֪˵ʲôɷ˵һЩ
ƺ֮˳Ƶ˵ͲôˣҶ֪飬óɡ
޳һԻŭС˵Ҫóǿһ
޳ɻǲ˵һҧЩݵ˵ĳǺ뿴һۣи㡣
޳Цˣε˵Ƕ˵ʲôҪôøǿ
˵ͻȻסأ¶һµӣǲǿϵı˰ɣϵıɲ١
Ƶ˵ˣǿɲϵı
˵ͻȻ־òԣȷʵǿϵĳˡ
޳رŤ˵˵Ĳ֪ʲô˼
ͻȻվһԵķ繫˵Ǹ㽻
޳Ǵ󲻽⣬Ǿ׺ͷ繫ӲҪѾˡ
޳ʵҪʲôλֱ˵ɣ޳еܹеģ޳һġ
׵۾һʵִ˻ǵ棿ģֻǺ뿴һ۶ѣĲҪ
⻰ԵìܣǰôͰ͵޳óڷ繫ҲѾ˵˽Ҫ
޳ŪöЩͿˣЦ˵ǵҪʲô
׺ͷ繫ӵɫЩŹ֣˺þã˲µؼ֣ʯ
޳һ㶣ȻѸٵ˹ԭ뿴ǸղĻԪؾʯǰʱ򣬱ˡ
޳ΪǰԼ޷죬˵Ҳǳǿ󣬲ȻջĲٿ֮£ǲֵܷġ
ôһ£޳ʹ󷽵ؽǰĻԪؾʯͳ顣
ֻһðȭͷСĻɫʯݸǣ˵ģ
׺ͷ繫ӵĿһӾͱɢžĻɫʯ˹ȥ
˵ļΣһһ飬ǰϸĶ
ĳޣԭģˣ˾ϲϰ
ʯڿҧһ£ûݱϣⶫŨ壬ɱһĸҪӲࡣ
Цʵ̫ˣԺҵż񣡡
ˣ޳ҵ޳˵Щ˼ˣһЩԪͻôˣѵô
׼޳飬̲סض㣬˵ǲ֪ҪԪǶôѵ飬㿴ңҵ츳СǹϵĺãҪôһʯǵȥü꣬ǰֻһʱ飬ҪǴȥĽ˰ҿһ㶼š
׶Լ츳Ƿǳĵģ޳ֱ̬ʣҲǸʰ·磬Աߵķ繫ҲһͬӣܹҲͬɼ޳Ȼǵ޳Ԫصı仯棬ûǾԲԸ˺ġ
޳ĬĬؽͱϣǲҪǣĲֹ飬Ԫлкöࡣ
׺ͷ繫һؽʯ޳
޳һƣָ˻ȥ˵͸λɡ
˵ɲУ˵ֻǿҪȻǲͳС𣿡
繫ҲɽʯݹȻȷʵǷǳĽǾӲõĵҶǶġ
޳ȴν˵ûϵ͸λɣԭ޳Ǵںʵʱ͸ҵģʱͲλͷ°ɡ
׺ͷ繫һ£ȫû뵽޳˵Ļԭʹ͸ҵģǴңСδҲ̫ˬ˰ɣ
Ǽ޳˵ÿУҲŤԸ񣬵¾˵ãȻˣǾˣҲܰա
˵ţ˸ͳһҲı޳Ǽ֮ȻȲʯǻֲҪ
޳һͫеһ£óһСۣɲһĶȫϵˡ޳̤ԪʱŵǷۣǰŵǷ۵С棬ʱʲôģŵǷ۵пӹһ١
繫óĶҲ˿ѷɫóһαѪѪҺӡż侫׼Ȼĳλͱ
һͬСɣ޳æ˻ȥ˵̫ˣĳա
ɫһ˵ǿǣӵĻ⾧ʯҲˡ
˵žҪʯƻԱߵķ繫ӵɫҲӵ
޳ΣֻýִӵﵱͳݸǣȻˣ޳ü飬λҪ
׺ͷ繫һӾסˣۣһŴģǺ˵ֵ㻹ж٣ҵҲ㻻ˣ
ǵƤûôֻ񿴹һ޳޳ǿĪһ£ûбˣλʵǿɷȥˣ
ǰͻȻʧ֪һǳżˡ
ȻȵǳȥʱѾң˶ǣ϶ֿ޵ĸһ
޳һ֣˹شޣѾͷεܵţѾŲסˣԼ뵽磬Ҫʹࡣ
޳ʹ޵ŮˣҲʵˣֻ϶޸˲ͣ
һԱ޷Թһк뿪㺦ߵܶˡ
ʵϣҲôˣѾһܶݻ٣ҪЩĻռ顣
繫վһҲĬĬţȷʵдȣûʲôñģŵֵʯ־þǱЩʵǵҲֵˡ
ڲ֪УԭȵǹɰѾĥƽ࣬һεľ֪죬ڰҲûãƽʹ˲ǹؼ޳ǵ̬ȣԲλࡣ
Ҳͬʱףѹ޳ô׷ߣЩҲäĿȻǵĵ
޷ѵһź֪ĸе£Ҵӣָ߹ķ繫ӣǰҲŭˣŻԹ˿侲Ĭǰߣ˵Ҹϡ
Ѿ˺ܳʱ䣬ڽǱҲ֪˺£һǿ·ɡ
Ȼʲôһǰߣһǰһ·ͨͬķ
ͨȫˣһһ£޳ʵΪλķֲ
޷תͷǽ͵ԭһϲ㣬类и֣˽ͨһͨ棬һͨ£Ϸǵһ
޳һʵһ·ͨ


1547 ر
޳ڹżϿֵ£ʷԶŸòȻᷢ仯ʱһһХͻõò츲صı仯Զŵĵòܾܿͱص¡
˶ϲ㣬Ҳпγɻɽԭ֮һ޳Щ޳ֻǷǳͨµĵ·Ƿܹһֱȥ̽Ѱʮ֮ǰ߼֮ǰʷ
޷˵ص¾ͨʲôطҲ֪˴ͨͨʱǧգˣǵȴǲöգصʵֲ̫ˣȻγɵĽƣҲ˵ãԭϲĽƣ֮ĿǰԴҵʵܹ̫Զ
޳һнƣô˵ĺпǰʷ
Ѿ⣬Ϊ˰Ԫһؼ䣬ҲΪ˲̽ʮ֮ǰ׷˺£һҪȥ
޷޳ɫԾæ˵޹ӿɱǸ⣬Ѿѹǣص귢˱仯֣ټЩӽҲ˱ʣصµױʲôˣ˭֪޹ǧ򲻿ȥðա
޳ͷȰ⣬˵޳ףлˡ
޷˿ָͨͨ˵߰ɣ֪ǰһҪסܷʲô飬һҪ򶨣ΪĿռǳĴһִĲͻɷѡ
һ䣬ĻμģͬʱҲ˰ѺֻϣǰҪ̫ıʡ
ͨﲢûгִΣգֻ;һЩ·Ļ޻׾ٵĽˡ
˴Լаʱ޷ͣסŴС˵ǰϵˣҼע
ĬĬͷĸ
˴Լһյʱ䣬ǰǸڵˣ޷ߴңֻҪתǳڡ
Ǭͳһʯתʱһ˳ȥǰһѵȻһźɫ˲˹
ߣ޷תͷŴ֣ɿǰ˹ȥβϣ̴Ҷûзһ˿죬ΧںɫУɿǰȥ
ȵɫɢѾһռ䡣
ǰĻЩһʱǰ֮һ͸ϣ͸ϿԿǰȼܵĻ棬ȴǽɫģҲ첻˿ȶȡ
ǽ𣿡и̾
׷繫ӻ޷λصһǰľȴǴһ˻æĳǰȥһǰϴƣǽɫĻ滩һ¾ͳӹ޳һ漴ڸסЩɫĻӳȥ
޷תͷݸ޳һм
ô£޳ǰһЩɫĻ浱ƺ̺໥Ͼ˭Ҳ˭
ɫʱҲЩ˵ĳˣԭزӵģصĻǳصĴڳӵУصܳǷûЩǰԶһ޴Ŀռ䣬ǱˣǱһ
޳ҲǰһԲεյشЩεظ˿ʱǻ̽յشһʲôʩչϡ
ʱ޳ȴͻȻ浱оһϤϢϢǳ΢һʱҲܹȷ
ҸͻȻתͷ޷
޷ɫһ֪ȥ˵ܳԴӣ֮ǰͻȻңҪͨ룬֮ҲûϢҲҹнȫû
ģô˵һ䣬Ѱңȫ̽˳ȥҲû֮⣬˵Ϣ
Ӧʧˣҵȥ׳˵֪׵ʵҲȷ߹⼸ȴ֪٣һʮΣյ飬ȥ
繫ӳĬһ£˵Ҹһȥ
ȻǸмһ뵽ЩΪѡ
޳ǰ˵ȥɣｻǡ
׺ͷ繫صؿ޳һۣļص˵Ǿˣǻ
﷢飬ֻζҵ׺ͷ繫Žصһڳȥ
ȻˣֻڣǰһûǾֻǸ
ߺ޳޷а취뵽صĵش𣿡
޷Ϊѵҡҡͷ˵ûа취Ҳֻܹ̤أǲܿ
޳תͷһΧܵĽɫʵʲôԭ򣿡
޷ʱЩԺ˵ԭһֱΪǻԵʣڿЩ־òԭھģҲֻ֪
޳ϸķһЩɫĻ棬Ȼûȶȣȴ˵
޳Կ϶ҪΪʱ浱̺ڣ˴˽֣ûжľȥֿߣҪȻʱѾˡ
룬ȽЩԼе뷨޷һ£Ҳûиõİ취ֻ޳һԡ
һ޳뷨˵غСֵܣǺöѽϿˣ߲ܣðˣ
֪ⶫ𣿡޳ʵ׶ҽһ顣
ֹһʵʵĽ֪ĹڽصһЩϢ޳
ּˣȵĻĻҲãҪ˿ڵֿҪȻǲһ⣬ֱӱɷĩˡ
ص㡣޳Ƶ˵һǲǱԪȾˣ˵ûû˵ġ
ǰֹһҲٺ˵ֱ˵иŵ㣬̺żǿΣԴһģֻҪܹԪأ̺ҪҵıԴҪ
ȻܲԸһ㣬ǻ滹ʵʵ˵󻰷һת˵ȱ⼫Ļ𲻺ƿصģһ̬ƽ⣬һԪصٽ㣬ͻᱻȫɣǸʱ˶ᱻ⣬ɷĩ̬˵ĿҪһ㡣
أ޳ʵܾûô򵥡
˵оرĽ޹أҸоĽƷǳǿҪȻѹûܹؾҲܡ
޳һ˵ҽЩ涼ˣİж٣
˵Χ棬ҸһŬĿǰٷ֮٣ǿռһҾûаˣµĶǾ
ǻ𣿡޳ʵȻǻǰѹ̽Ѱһ㣬ǻǿԪظ֪ȴѾоˡ
ͷص˵ĻòҪȥǣҪȻһƬռǶҪңʱɲˣֱӱܻ򶼱ˣʱ᲻ᷢӦͲ֪ˡ
˵˿ֲ޳֪ûΣܸоصвһǳֲܡ
һ£˱㿪ʼĽɫ档
ԱЩѾ㶵Ĳ֪˵ʲôԸվ޳
ڴڼ䣬޷ȥһڲ̽һ׺ͷ繫Դӽȥ֮󣬱ڸסˣҲûϢ˽ѡ
ǹһʱ޳ϣܵĻѾǳϡ٣Ѳܹв
޳ļԪؾʯһʶУȫԪ鱣ܡ
һж꣬ޱȵǰ


1548 ֲ
һӳֵϣ͸ɫȴ͸һǿѹȵ˿á
޳ԶĵطòͣסߵȲ޳ľԶһЩ
޷Ҳ䵽޳󣬵ǵĿǰ˵ֵܣйŹ֣ǧСġ
޳ͷ֪޷˼һŪƬռ𶯣طҪġ
޳С̽̽һ£Ÿһӽ⼸ϣ˻
ǣھղŵһҲ˵ףôԪ֮۶ɵģſ԰Ȼĳܿռ𶯡
ȴǰ޳ҧǱȽˡ
Ԫ飬˵ҲԪ֮ȥĻûʤ㣿޳룬лûжİգԪ
ԪҲҡͷ˵ʵзգȻԪصƿ֮ǳãϵˣʵҪ࣬㷢ˣɵģſ໥ӳֵģʵ໥Կ
޳ͷһϸĹ۲ȥֹȻ֮һ˿Ȼ໥Գġ
һ͸ˣһŪʧ״̬ͺпܻô𶯡
ǿô죿޳ҲЩͷˣͬһϻ˵˵ʲôĿģ֪ǹ໥ײǸжԵ໥ԿⲻͬĿģֶҲһ
ڵ£޳ѡһȫİ취ſԶ֡
Ԫ˵ֻһû취ģҸ֡
޳ҡͷ׺ͷ繫ڵĻ˵µ⼸˵УܹԪյ̶ֳȵѹûС
ʵԶ֣ǻѡ
ԪȴͻȻЦһ˵ⲻһֳɵİϼһˣ˭֪ûΣɻ
˵ǾͲܷŹ𣿡װĻüͷƵ˵һ͵ķϣܲ𣿡
޳һϲôǰˣҪ˵Ԫصƿ֮˭ȵùǳĵ˵ǰ֡
ŶûУ֪ҪԪϵĶϷֺõ顣
ԪɭɭЦһƦʮ˵ѡ𣿰æΪףæֱҷ𡣡
ԪĻ䣬ʶеǿ̫ʹܳһǿҵĽ⣬ˢһ¾ס˻档
޳æ˵æһɹ޳㽫ˡ
ǡһָһǵģȫмܲס޳ųĶѡ
һСԼʮץסûں޲ѣȻζųȥġ
һҧ˵ãɽСɱˣӦϷġ
޳˵һ
ԪԱȴֹһǵʱ㻹ء
޳˵ЩħǣһƤŲߡ
ɾͲ˵˵ǿҪȷԼģɲԩңʲôƤŲߣҪ˵ƤģŶ԰ɣ
Ԫһ𱬵ƢػԪ͸ǳ
޳ΣȥȻѯʻǸô
ȻӦҪ޳Ȼ޳˵ҳȥȥ鿴һ¡
޳΢ǲûгɣʶи˳ȥ
ֻһɫĻ޳Ʈĳ͸Ϸȥܵ¶һӾͱҵۣ˺һϳɵþǻ棡
˶һĿ޳ɣԭΪ޽ǻˣû뵽ȻõؽŻ汣ڣôģȻЩʱֻ޳ʱ򽫻ų
Ҳûгûܣܣ֪ԼӲ޳ʶеǿ̫ʵֲ̫ˡ
ǻ͸ǰ̺Ԫϸĸ֪һȻ޳˵ǳǿ󣬵ڱ˴ڣӦжԵĶɵġ
޳ͷһһսʵǸô
˵ȻҸһסһߣҵıԴܹ֮ңͨԵʱֻҪ֪ҵǿȣű־УסǧҪﵽƽ⣬ҪȻһϵеһƣͻƻʱͲˡ
û˵һ飬޳һһȻ˵ǿʼɡ
˶ϢӣĶᵽɤۣÿ˶ǽŲѡ
޳ڰյУʼƶĻԪͻơ
һǳѵḶ́޳ֻоԼڵԪشһӴϿʼͱϵسߡ
ȴֹֻܹͣԪرȥؿǣǷɢһͻƣǽԪظմ͸ڶϣ޳ͬĲһһи
ǲֱܹӽƬ϶ˣֻͨһͻơ
˵Ϣıü޳ɫҲĲҰףⳡʵ̫޴ˡ
Ԫ״Ԫͳǰʯϵ뵽޳ľУṩ
ǻǱȴǷ˼á
Ѿ֪ʱҲֻģĽͻƣֻϣϲὫֱӺĸɣҪȻ޶ûˡ
޷ٴȥڣû׺ͷ繫ǵ˵Ϣˣֻ֮÷
һͼ޳ͻѾںͻϣͷ͵һ£ŵĿţ³ʲô⡣
ĿռƽⲻƣҪȻɲĺǱýأǰ׳ʲô飬ҪȻʱ⣬ɾˡ
Ҳ֪ôˣ޷żѣ֪ʹ粽ﲻæҲôϢȥڿǼ
ʱһһĹȥ˶ͬȹϵһ㣬תǻƴѹԼϢһ˿춼ܹһʹļ尾
޳ͻʱѾе˹ؼʱ̣޳Щļӳ֣״̬ǷǳֻɫЩ԰׶ѡ
ıԴ֮ɫԽԽɢȻȣǼҲǰǰ࣬ҲϽ˾ϵĵŻԪأеֿ
Ĺ໥ƽţϵĽжԿĥأǰгһ޳ͨģһǻͨġ
˵һȱڣľͺðˣ޳ӽɿؽ
ϱͻһȱڣǵͳ˷ɢҲò֧һѾȫƽ⡣
ռ䶼Ҫѵʱ̣޳ͻͻȻǵԪ˲ɢǸͻƵǵ֮ϣԭȵϡ
ֻǰͻȻǰһ£Ǳһµɴһ
һɲãϢˢһ¾ͳ˹
һϲˣڳɹˣ
޳Ϣ˹һ̣ȴ͵һ𣬹˺һŷӦ
ͬʱǰɽҲ޳ϴϢǲţ˵ģ
޳ͷûȷʵ׺Ϣѵ˵Ҳ
ѹǰһ뵽ռ䣬͸оǽɫ浱תһϤϢڿӦþ׺ġ
ֻתͷһܣָղƵӦҲ̺׺ôô˵˭Կ
ƺ󣬻滺Ʈ޳˵ϷѾҪˡ˵ž뵽޳ʶУһȥ˹ȥ뵽˳˯С
޳ĬĬĶ˵ǰһУ޳ġ


1549 ֺ
ٺû֮޳˼ܵǹϢѾȷ׺Ϣ
׺ڸ˭Կ޳зɿţԵϢôһǡ
ͷ͵һתͷ޷֪Ϣ˭ģ
޷һ˵һɾģһҲ֪ղֵܵĻƺ֪һϢ˭
޷˵ʱѾЩȻһϢԿô˵ǸҲĵˣҪ޳ʶѡ
޳ȴҡҡͷ˵ֻǾЩϤ˶٣ʣȷһϢģ
޷ͷ˵ҴСҵĸһҾԲ
޳ĬĬĽԼе˼ȥûж˵ʲô
Ǹ˾Բ޹Ķһ˶֣֮䵽ʲôԹ
޷˵ǽȥɡ
ʱƣǰ龰ҲǰȻ͸ģǵȴܹչȥǰǱһ
ʱǰһжʱһ
޳æ˵ǵҪֻǰΧһȦ𣬾Ǻ浱еһµһ㣬Щ£һɢһһ⡣
͸һǿѹǰıԴ֮Ҫǿϼ֡
޳Ҳûаֱܹӿ˵ˡ
ֻ޷޳ǰ޷ǻʮԶʱҲòֻܱͣǸؿ޳˵ֵˡ
޳ͷǰȥʱѾòžĻԪܹǰʱõĻԪǰЩɫ浱ġ
ǰı棬ֵܹסǰǿҵѹ
޳żǰߣƺӽǺѣСؿȥĳЩȥ
һѻԤϵҪСһЩʱȥҲһŷСѣȴ̺ž
ôӽĿȥ޳ŷǾȻȫǴĻԪء
öѽԪ̲סĸ̾һϧڻѾ뵽˻˯УҪȻһǰôһƬĻԪأȻҪ˷ֱܵӳ
޳Ҳ𺳲УЩԪֻҪ΢ټӹһ£ܹγʯ仰˵Ǵʱʯ״ֻ̬״һѣЧȴһģһġ
ôһƬ޳ԼӦСҪǻʯһô
׺ͷ繫ӲڣҪȻҪˡ
Сӣ㵱һ㣬̫ˣһСǻԿġԪ
޳ͷϰ˺һȦ𣬲ȥ
ִǻʱͻȻǰһ˿𶯣ŵջ֡
ǸղȷʵǴԾĻ棬һֵϡ
˵һʲô䱻һ
ֻ֣޳ͻȻ𵱳ɽֻͻȻֵľ޴ƣ̺ϢȻ洫һģһ
޳һаһȦɿĳŻȥȻ͵һץַɿ˻
ǰȦʱһ˿ҪץסߣԷѾˣֻǱ߲ʵŤ
޳ǱһŻ棬ɫȥ̺Ϣתͷ޷ȥʵ뷨һϢ˭ġ
޷ɫһֽ̧ӹ֪һ£޳˵ϢôϢô뵽棿ôΣգ᲻ˣ
޳˵֮ǰӦֹ˲İɡ
޷˿
޳תͷʱɫѾȫڱ͵ϮǣҪ˵ģȻ
ȭͷ΢΢һ˿⣬ںĿģǶ޳ˣյ֮£Ҫ޳󣬴ʱѾͶ̥תﻹܹվ
С򶨣黹дȲҪ½ۡԪ˵
ҪҪ޳ĶӺ¾ͲӶ޳Կ޳ûжĶ⣬޷Ҳǡ
ǲ֪˼
˵ʲôΪʱ磬ǵȼ˵
޳Եͷеķŭѹȥתͷ޷˵ܵһɱȽƽȲҲڸղһϢӦǻеߴڣС
Ǹֻû˵꣬ǰŻͻȻһ³ճȥ
ϴСģǰɽ󺰵޳Ѿڵһʱ̷ɿ˶ȥ
ȴûֱ˻صǰɽߣվھȦ֮⣬ɫؿǰͻȻߵĻ档
֪СűޣһֿէȻһͷ
ǻ˾޴ѹ¾úüλ߿ڱѪֱӸˡ
ǿ޳˶鲻ϲǷǰ浱оȻһ׼ȷ˵һΪߡ
޷ɫѾҰһƬ߷ߵһ컹аˣôЩ϶ȫ˳
̧ͷ޳ֵܿǻ滹Ҫ
˵ԼҲ˼޳ҪѾһǿѹһӽܶסˡ
޳ֻֿȻɿĳʩչһϣͼЩѹ赲ס
ϲŸһѹͱ÷飬ǰɽǳȥ
޳ҪȥȴѾЩת˲֮Ѿǰɽǰͬһ㺣һ㳯Ǹѹ
ǧһ֮ʣԱͻȻܳӰˢһʩչһϣסѹ
ү繫ӣ޷˷ܵغҺǸϵˣҪȻ룬ɵ˶Ҫȥ
׺ͷ﹫ӵ˵ͷһǰͷĿ¶׹üʵô£ⶫôҲܳˣ
ö٣ǵȫңҪǿ󣡡˵ţſ³˺üȦ޳ǰߴȥ
һӱûЩγһƬһмһմȾϣճ˻ҽ
ǰĵɢѹǾ޳ӵģȥ˺ܴһ֣ʱȫûбģǷ繫ӺϵֵҲֻܹһţڶŵʱֱӴȺС
һ룡˵ĶˣֵĿǰƬ𺣣Ҫ
ƵĿǰһУſ컹Ҫ
УȥҶģ޳ż֣붼δͳǰһһǧٸҪԵĻҾ㹻ˡ
˵ţڵһӷ˳ʶһȱڣŨ֮ȫɢǿҵϢȻע⣬תͷ˼Ķ޳һ£Ŀ˲ö
ǰɽǴ󺰣޳
޳ȴǶͷҲصغȫߣȻ˻ȥ
޳ܡ
Ѿȫע޳ϣϸؽ鿴һ£Ц˵öҪġ
˵͵ſѪڣһѽ޳ȥ
˶ˣ


1550 ˿
ǱȻ滹ҪĴڣǰ涼Ѿ޳ʹ࣬˵˻ˣĻ̺żǿ޳һ壬Щסá
ǿֲĴ̼ʶлԵĻ涼˹߷ߵһСס˹ȥ
һз̫ˣ˴㶵վԭأ˺һŷӦ
׺ͷ繫ҪӪ޳޳ԲģһҪ취ľȳ
繫룬óǸˮ«˵ûʲôİ취ˣƴһ԰ɡ
һץס˵㲢ûаһסһɲ
˵ǰĻ棬繫ȷʵһİգûаˣΪ洫ˮ«רſƵȻ
繫ɫһһθо˴ܣҪ޳ܣҲ˵ȥ޳Ŀеʯ
ν̣ΣǶ
ĶԲߣǱ޳ȴˮȵС
ʱѾڿʼȼգҪһԪ齫Щȫ뵽ľУ˿Ѿճɻˡ
ɵֿסǿѹ
ʹ޳һЩŲסзһƺߣûֱιȥ
̬ʵֲ̫ˣǰܵ޳ϴ֮ʱһʶд
һ޳ʶеǳĸȤ
˵ҵʶŲŵĹȥ޳Ԫ顣
Ԫ鲻ֹ۵˵˵̫ǰûջԪǻ˵ǴʱǴڱ״̬ǻֱӱˣʱ綼ᱻ
޳ͷʱȥ֮⣬ֻһ취ˡ
Ǵʱܵĳ·ˣԲܣҲǻ˵ôϻǻᣬж򵥴ֱֱӹ޳ʶ
ˣ޳ʶзһ˿𶯣һ޳ĸǳ뵽ԨһʶеǸ̫Ȼں£ֹ޳Щ롣
¿û취ˣ޳ȫûкڵأҲȥڣҪǲôľˡ
ûôΰƶԼˣҲԼ
̫ˣ
Ԫ飬㻤ԪҪʱסҵ꣬Լأ޳ҧѵĶԪ˵
СҪʲôԪż˵ǧ嶯ǻǻа취ģϿ룬һа취ġ
޳˼Ҫȥ꣬Ǵ˿̱Ļʵ̫ΣˣһԪûнסʱֱӱץסɶѾˡ
޳Ȼ֪һҲֻ˼Ľٵ˼Ű취ѹԽԽԭΪܹһӾͽ޳ʶƣôʱȥСȻͦţʱӵĲˡ
Ӵ˹ȣһѹԼԼڵŨ޳һҽУĳŲסˡ
ֻоԼĻסһ˿˿룬ֱת뵽ʶʶ֪ʲôʱѾŪһʱЩڲϵ롣
޳ʶڲһһľǵ磬Ķڲ
УԴС޳ϵĹԼԲܾ䣡
ͻȻԪͬ˵ʯף
Ů˵ʯף
ǰŮ˷ֱӽŵƨҲҲẦ£Ҳû취ˣ޳ֻҽ
ԪѾ׼һӽ˳޳˵ӳȥ
ҪûĵģҲҪȥǻὫģĶʱ۴ޡ
Σʱ̣޳ҲֻܶԲˣ˵ίһ£һϽһġۣһӽĸ˳ȥ
ģҪˣķŭغһӽĶڸˣһɲãϢǵصĳ洫ͬʱâһһˢһ³
ꡭ
׸Ǳ򿪵漴һɹӵϢ͸ž޴ѹɢһĵŮٴ𣺡ġ
ңһʯ˳Ůʬ͸ŵѹʱôҶסͷʹغ
ʳֵ̫˴ֲ͵һ𣬴ԭء
޳û˳ֵʱѾյýΣƤǻ˫񲻴
ԭǿֱӵȫطģǸղŽĺʯƳȥ˿ǻڣ취Ǹ̻
һŷӦЩͣһŭ⣬˭װŪ
˵ţҵҪĶĺʯ׸
캰صĺ޳˵ҾȻȥģٲҪճɻ˰
ĵĿ޺һ´б޳ͷˣȻϢȻȫɢ˳ʹˡ
ȻһƳĵ̺ŵļǿ֮Ϳϲĸζǳˣ
Ҳǹɼǿ֮׻û뵽ʲô繫ȴ³ĸ֣ġ
˶𾪲ѣͬʱ뵽ֵöģǱ޳ˣ
ڲǹעЩʱǶļӲȥ˵ǹǽһȥײǿʯףһ߿һ˵ôҲô֮ɲܰ׳ԣϿɱѽ
ʯ׷һ죬ƺǸ׸ֱƿһЩ͸ѹԽԽǿ󣬾̲סһ£ݺݵǱҾףҲǣ
޳ֻоǰܻɢѹԽԽǿѾȫܹ
ͬʱҲϲһʼܻԸһ㷴ضûУô죿ýĺŮʬ̳
Կ϶Ůʬ⣬һ鷳Ҫǣ׵껹Ůʬ
ġ
ƺǸоΣգŮʬַһУһδ÷ǳУںһˣȣѰҡ
ǹִһ֣γһɾ޴ѹǰҪ
һһһŭǰΪֲˣһǿĴ͸۵һ¾Ͱһ͸Զȥ
һͨľͷӰʱ͵һһ˴һ˿οãһȴ¶һ˿ʹ࣬ͻȻһܵشĴһ
һ˿Ǹӣʱץס˻ᣬصĳһƣȻವһ´Ʊס·ڣֱӳŽط˻
ǱͷصһƣһҪӣҲ׷˽
ǰŮʬ͸Ϊ޳Ӯ˻ᣬԼеĻԪضۼˢһ¾Ǹ˿ڹͬʱ׺ͷ繫ҲһæԼڻܵȫķ˳
ûע⵽ᱻ͵Ϯһעͱ޳ռȻ˿ڻһ±˺޳ʶ򿪣̫ĺʯ׸˳
룡Ӧʩչצӣһס˶ĺʯף


1551 Ԫ
˭뽫ץߣŭغͬʱʹԼϡ
޳ʱȥҪȥȴɢѹˣͬʱһӾͷһɽζֱˡ
صɶĻʱѾĺʯץУЦҿĶ˭ߣϢǣһܣ
˵žҪѶĺʯٴУĸоΣգϵ۴޳ԺҲô̰ˣҸȻȥ
֪Ŀ̫ңǱʲôԭʯٴĹ׸Ħͷʹѡ
ֻһһȻһ´ʯ׵дֱֱܳײͷһŭĺģ
Ƭռ䶼һ£һжֹͣһ޳ûɿǰ壬һѽĺʯץϡ
Ǿץʯ׵һ̣ӷһĲԪȻԼ
Ԫ飬ôˣ޳żķʣԪԴŮʬٴγ֣û졣
ѾӦһץסʯ׵һˣȻβͳºݺݵһ˦޳һֻץŵĶĲһ¾˦˻ȦΧ
βһתĸ˸߿յУ߸ߵľš
ۡҲˣ㽫ҾߣҪˣ۴ޣһţʱѾΧյû˵ġ
ġ޳һҧҪȥҶģǴʱʯ׵һ˱εץţʹȫܹѹ
ͬʱԪ𶯵ԽԽȵ޳ʶʱȻѾҪʶ޳һæԪ˵ԣԲԳ
̫Σˣλ¹ֵпʱԲܹԪðգ
Ԫȴûһ㣬ֻǼᶨƶԪҪ޳ĵ
޳һӾͼˣ˵ղŻȰ侲ˣԼô£ѵ֪ڳжΣ𣿶ȷԪֿܹסܻ
ɲǰıԴ֮ʱԪѾһҪӣȻڻǲ㽫Ǹ˸ǿˣ֪ᷢʲô顣
޳ҲԪԪµġ
ԪȴͻȻ˵Ҫ
޳һ׹ԪеġָʯеŮʬ
ģĸ׵꣬ҾƴҲὫ档޳һ˵һߣͬʱᡣ
ԽԽǿѾñԭСʮ̺ȴԽԽǿ
һ棬ֱӽƬնȼ޳ֻоһɼĻ泯ԼȻǰһڣʲôˡ
һֱ۲޳϶죬ƴѹţŲԼ޳ġ
޳ѾٵĲ࣬ʱ۳סԼ壬
˲Ҫ۾˸Ҫ
ʯ׵ɢƣһֻ֣һʯ׵ĸӸϣʹק
û뵽޳СӵȻǿһʮ֮ŵȻûܹʯ¸ֱʮɵ
޳һҧҪûʯԪĶȴ졣
ֻһһˢһ¾ͳ˰յУ޳żغԣ
ԪѾԪǰ嫵һȥȻܵĻ涼ѹС˼֡
ԪŸһ֣ʯӦ־ҵƵ֪Ůʬ˵ʲôڶ
޳һʹѾûа취ֻܰԪ顣
Լڵȫע뵽Ԫڡ
ʱԪԪϿգƮ죬޳ע뵽ڣʵһЩԿɫۣ˫ֲϵؽŷӡǣһһķӡԪС
¡¡Ԫɢһ޴ĺ޳һԪ˿̽ͼδģȴ˵ľˡ
뵽ʲôĶʱ˰أԪƴˣѾܵԪӡǣֻǻֻǿʼѾص͸֧塣
Ԫһ߽ӡǣһץס϶޳Ԫûг׻ָ˿ֵ̻סұ󷨽סἫģ㵱ŵ㡣
Ԫ顭޳۳˿³ʱѾİٱȻѾ޷أôͽ£˵ãһң㾡ܷȥ
ϵ˺һʩչеȫ
ֻ޳Χһһ貾ӨʯľˮԪȫС
޳ѾƴһľģЩȫںһȻʼƴԪҪӴ֧֡
˶ǱƳģ֪˿ﲻڣЩԪȫ뵽˻ԪصУѸٵ
Ԫصıʵһ̶һģҪģǽıԴ״̬Ȼٽϡ
һǳѵḶ́޳˿ΨһͷԪ£ʧȥףҲҪĸȻƬռ顣
ֻƴȫڵٽϡ
ʱͣһ㣬Ԫ߶Ԫϵɢ嫵ѹĹ޳վԪ಻ϵע뵽ڡ
ƬصһӳԪĺ¡֮⣬Ҳû죬˶㶵ĿŰյе޳Ԫ顣
һĻѾǵ֪֪⵽׷ʲô顣
׺ͷ繫ӴʱҲĿ͵Ŀ޳Ҫæȴѹá
ⲻܣͻȻһʹĺУƺȻǣǳ׷ŭˣ
ͻȻðĴΪջɢƣľУ͸壬ʯеŮʬһеһжޱȵĹ죬ԤеΣգҪܡ
ԪȴѾ󷨣к·ˡ
ǲɹģУ廹ѾֻбֱֻۻֵһצӻεץסʯףβɽؾŶġ
ʧȥôԲܰ;ϣ˵ʲôҲҪĺʯ֡ôʱ֪ôҲǸԲܷ֡
ⳡţڱٵģⷽռһ˿
޳һãռֱˡ
Ԫӿ˶ǵսپҪȻⷽռ䶯ʱһжˡ
ȴΨ²ңһⷽռбļ󣬸ĽúúãڿԳȥˣ
СӣսپԪѾϣԽһˣ޳ͷ
ٲƷˣ
޳˫һΣܵȫںϳɵĻԪһԵע뵽ԪڣԪõĳӯһɺ嫵ơ
һ֣һƬžԪ˫ַɿĽһӡԪУֻһԪһ貵Ĺֱֱüġ
ֻžһ˫һɣ󻺻ȥ
ʯ׺Ͷı˦޳æһסʯףȥġ
Ǿϵһ̣һͨͻȻһҵıըռ䶼һһЦವһ¾ͳ˳
ģּˣ
޳ǰɽǵ͵һŵķȻǡս


1552 
սô޳ǰɽǼսģǳ𾪣˲֪޳ǰɽǿսܵģû뵽Ȼ㵽
һսĳǰֻĿǳȷһȦסյһϢضģתһͨ
ģڳ˶Ǹոսͨ׷ȥ
һ̣յִͨһһӴƳ˳
޷һȥ
Ҳһ˵ܣף
ͻȻһӴ˵׷ϣ޳гģһ˲˲ĶͻȻֵ
ǰͨд𶯣ʱƬռ䶼ʼⷽǲټӽ̣Ҫֱˡ
սŶܣڲ֪ѾܳȥԶ޳֪׷Ҳ׷ߺ޵ͬʱתͷعһѾڵϱΧ̧һУ뵽ԪУԪԪַŻ˵ﵱС
ŻЩĵԪ˵ҽʯ׷뵽ʶУģµġ
Ԫ龭ղһƣʱϢǳ΢ſԪ˵ȥһ̣СλϢԡ
˶٣˵ǵǰһ
Ԫ˵꣬뵽ԪУһ˹ȥ
޳ֻܿԼˣԪĻ𶯲ѣԪ˵ûλ뵱һ˵Ǳ˶ˣ
ڻ룬ȴһ˶һľٶ
ֻûа޳ȥ׷սתͷĿ޳˵ԭǶġ
޳ʱյĿȫǣ˲ָһͻȻֵûлش⣬˵ⷽռϾҪ̮ˣһѹ
ڲ˺ȻҲûʲôô
Ȼôģм˵ռ鲼Һθɣ

ףĻʱ޷׶һô˵Ļ
޷ʵ֮ǰǸ߹ⷽǱĻ޴ı䶯ʱԪ½ܵӰ𣿡
Ҳ˵ԣף㲻һֱСĵضԴأʹԪ𣿡
ȴһ˵ô˵ǻĳؽ޳𣿡
˵һȻЩǰ
ô£Ļ˵ǧټƵ޳
ôˣײŵĿǰĸĺİ˵Ļȫ׾Ǳһһ
޷ֻһ˵ĻЩ⡣
ȴǶ˵ֻҪסҵ˾͹ˣĲùܣڸϿ뿪
Ҫ뿪Ҳ
Щߣǰɽ϶ܵ޳Լȥ
ף֣ΪԸĩպƽٵ¶ǰģײ֪ʲôݣԼĸײĿһֱǸӢۣڣĸôܹʵС˵Ϊ
ȴһ㶼⣬˵ֻһλᣬǻߣʱ߶ˡ
˵ţɢһƣˢһ¾ͽΨһĳڷסһ룬˵ǻǲҪ𣿡
ܼžһƬ˶ûзӦڸԵĵط쵱ܣռ׸ϡ
޳һĻЦѣ׺޷ǲ֪ѾϤǸˣҲø˵Щ
ǴҪ£ЩҲνڶ˵Ƕȥ
һôĿǾͿûб»ųȥˡ
޳̧ͷؿȻʱ۾ʧȴ˿һһټᶨ˵޳ԿԳȥ
ͬʱдǰɽǰɽ˵ߴϿ뿪
ǰɽԭȥһ뵽ҲǸ޳鷳תͷ϶һһ߶Ŵ˵ҶߣﲻæȥȣϴĲܹǽ򡭡
˵һܣϴһŵùϴ󣬾ֱȥȣ
ǰɽȴһŶһͷ֪޳ԸҲ֪ǰɽԸһǾԲϴһġ
һ޳нǰɽʲôŻԸȥ˶ûзһ˳ȥֻ϶Ҫ
ǰһ䣬ѹ˵үԲϲŮˣߡ
ܡ
ߺֻʣ׷繫Ӻ޷ԭء
ѾͷˣܵĿռ䲨ѾԽԽǿ
׺ͷ繫˵ʲôȥ޷Ҳǣ޳Ҳǿǡ
ֻǰд˵һ䣺ˡһ
ôˣȥռֱӱģڵ´غ
޳ʱî˾ڸƴһ˿ûмҺ޳ǰڴ㹻ʯ˿̴߷ϾȻ
ǰһ˴սһ࣬ʱûռȻ
ռĲԽԽ׺޷Ѿ˲Ծ˽һɫ˫ڻǲ߻ħˣ߷˱ʲôʡ
繫˼Ķ֪ʲô
޳ڵǸͶҿԿǷһһߴһ˵ͬʱּһ䣬ҵûȫľܹӮùң;ֻܷ·һ
޳һ仰ûУͷ֪ԼԱȲֻܹһʱ䡣
Ҳ֪ԼôкãȴһϣֻҪټһͺã
ԪȻռһǧɽϵޱȵ
ԭЩͷʱֻõ޳ڵǸصĶʹ󶦣ܵĿռԽԽֱӷ͵Ĺ
ҪףὫﶼ˵ģһĶžҪȴǱ繫һס˵ȥ
ҸףһҪֹɴһ߳Լ֣һ˵
繫˵㸸𣿡
ǼģӡеԲģϵƶѾ˸ı䣬ûп
ȻĻʱʧ˻һ㣬ȻвԸϣǰʵȴڸ˸ĸףѾر
пĲˣ޷һ׵ֶ˵үһҪ侲
Ӵ󹥻֮޳㽥ĿʼٶҲᱻĹ⡣
뵽Ӱˢһ´ӱչһԶŵľͼһεľ˻վ͸һɲãơ
һ£ʼѸ͵ĹԶž˸һַǳĸоȽ޳Ʒ
һߵķ繫Ӽ޳ֵǸʱͫ͵һȻ붼δ룬ԼָҧƣһѪˢһ¾ͳ޳Ӱ˹ȥ
ѪŸһ뵽޳ӰһǿҵĹâ޳һоͻȻһǿ˳ӰתľС
мĿһ·繫ӣʱ˼ô࣬ûڵȫں˹ȥ
Ѫתͷߺ޵ص˷繫һֱ̧ۣһ⽣޳˹ȥ
ʮĹ⽣һӾͽ޳ܵĿռֳڰĺ蹵Į췣һ㽵£޳ˣ


1553 ռ
ռѷ컩һչһһ޳
޳ɿȥɢǿҵĽ⣬˵ͬʱռԽԽһȥƬռ䶼ᱻٻ
޳ӰͻȻ޳Ȼվסżغ繫ҲܹҪ޳
Ӵһӽȫˣ޳˲;뵽һڰеС
ռѷģóڤĿٵѹڤĵһӱסҵĿռ䣬ɢȥͻΧȫ
޳֪æ滤סһ̣˳ģֱһƾ
ףƴ˹ȥҪס
ɫһݣһƾͽȵһߣͬʱĿ޳ޱȵĳҪȥ
ֻҪһȥڤĵļ֮ͻйӴˮԪһӴΧĻԪأͻ𵴣Ƭռ᳹ױ顣
ǵʯ֮䣬Զһ𶯣Ȼһֻžһ¾ͳѹ
һȻɿسųڳȥ
һӰ׷ȥĺصȥһƣȻѸٵۻ
޳һڻصǻУϺˣļûа׷ѡ
Ϻһ£ʱڿоҵƮҡֽ̧Щ֮Ͷ뵽ʱշ϶У޳˳
Ҹһ𡣡޳ᶨ˵
׺ȴȫᣬһƣԼʼɿƶܵĻңǶ޳˵һ֣ߣ
Ҳߡ޳ᶨ˵׺ѾˣǻѪϵϢҲǸղŸ˿϶ȻһǳΣա
ǿͻȻֵİӣ˺һǿ޳֮ǹΣӦòǻˣڰռ䣬Ҫæ
޳ǣ˵ⷽռ䲻ܹˮȻ䣬һס
ͷ繫ߵߵǸ˵סڡ
δӦ𣬵ȴǸмĿŷ繫ӣĸˣ˭֪᲻ɱǹֻǧʣǴǰݲ룬תȥ׺һȶռ䡣
ֿռɾĻԪɵģǲܹԪأĵķǳ죬ܼ̫á
޳˵ǵԪضң
׺޷ڵԪغɵó޳
޳õ֮󣬷ɿؽٶȱǰһҲˣ֮󣬷ɢˡ
׺޷˵λӢ۰ɣǵȲ
޳ͷֱӽ뵽׺ڡ
ǻǵ͹ⷽռķˮ֪֮ﵽôγɵģ̺һɷǳȻԴԴȫܹĵ
ԭЩ໥ƽģƽѾƣǱ÷ϵĳǾ쵽ͻƿڣȫӿ
׺ǸеУҲĳǿҲֻһ˫ֶѣȫֿסܲӿŤ֮
һʱ׺޷ɫһûˣԪ֮ȫĹˣԼѾԪ֮˳޳Ǳˮнѹز˴֡
ȥаҿλСϢԽԽ궯ˣڱϵģȥŲ˶õġ޷ż˵
޳Ҳ׺п׺յǳĲãһսֱߵʱһƣԭ˺صˣʱҪо޴ģ˶ܲˡ
ûļӳ׺ٳŸһʱ䣬Ҫ
ʲô취޳żţҪӴԽԽãͻȻһ˵м
ˢһ´Ԫͳһεʯ⾧ʯһ֣ɢһǿƣȻֱӽܵŤ֮˼֡
繫Ӻͫ͵һŵĿ޳֮
ˣǻˣǺεȵıǾȻҼǿ޳ȻűԥĴ뵽׺ڡ
ֻһһɰ׺ڱ޳ԭϵ̫ǿһС־ͲԼ˵׺ڣȺص˴ĸ׵ĻһȻǳϣ
ⷢ޳жʱһ󼤶׺ƺ˷ǳϣһͷˣֻҪЩþͺá
׺ӻ˽뵽һ̣Ҳʵһ£̧ͷؿ޳һۣ޳ʱ˫ʧֻתͷͷ˼Զ
һ㶼ֻۣҪܹ׺Ҫã
ĺ飬֮ûȥ
˻˵İ׺һӾ࣬ܵĿռ֮ѹס
ǲ֪ǲı䶯طע⣬Ȼ޾ʼԴԴϵӿ롣
ģôôǵɫʼˣȥʱǸͷлƺҲס
Щӿ룬Ť֮ǵûмӵ׺ѹҲֻȡ˳Чֿʼ
޳һҧ׺㻹ܲܳס
׺ɫԥ֪޳˼Ƕźòġ
ԥʲô㻹вܵס޳ͻȻ
׺ɫһݣصصͷ
һ̣޳ﵱһڣֳһεʯ
һ֣һƽƱǰҪǿ޳ûģǳ붼ûֱӴ뵽׺ڡ
׺ﱬһӵõ޳֣ʹŻˣ׺ɷǳļ̣ȫûеҪĸо
ǿǿ޳ĸ֣Щ˾Ϊ׺׼һ׺ǳЩ˵е
޳ﵱһͣŻ˳С
ѾҪˣ޳ۣǿ۵ģѾ㹻ˣ
ǳεֵܣΣ׵Ҳˣĺ˭޳ȻҪŶȥ
ԭͿŻˣѾˣһﾹȻһ㶼ϧ
ĿԿ϶ͻȻֵܹܵסôǿ𣿱ʱŲס壬ǿˣɶصˡ
޳˿Ϊ׺ڻĿռ䣬ֱӽһգֱֱشڣ
䣡׺ڷһƱըڵıǡ
ﾳ쾳ֱֱ˭֪˺εȳ̶ȣֻ֪ǰƺһӰ׺Ե
Ÿһ֣ͱһɺ嫵ƣױȵ򶨣һӽܵĿռ䶼סˡ
ԴԴϵӿ룬ǲŸһ룬ͱѹȫܹȷѪꡣ
밵ɱ޳һĻ޵ҧҧ
ǧ㣬ȴ޳ȻֱӻὫŻ˴뵽׺ڣû׼׺ʣǼһﵽʲôͶ̥ܹǿĳ
ʣ߸ǿˣҲֱŻ˶¡
֪Ѷ߷ߵĿǰһۣתߡ
һߣ޳ڵŻ׳ȥ֮ǳ׵Ŀˣ׺ѾѹסƬռ䣬۵ڵϡ
׺ʱ򣬿˺۵޳˳תǸסͨ


1554 ˯
Ǽ׺Ҫĵ·ߣס˵ӢǱ߲ͨġ
׺תͷĬĬؿһۣδ˵Ǹ໰ˣֻһֱĬżǰߡ
뵽ЩǰҲæƺ޳Ĺϵͣѵõ˵Ҵͨˡ

˳׳ĬĬĬĸȥͨĻȻҪǰֻ࣬ҪôžͿԳȥ
Ǿͼʶһţ˵ţ֮׺·ȫҪţͨһվб޳ӤһɣǺͨϹȥ
ԭ׺·ûбͨģԭ״ͨҲֻΪ˽촫ѡ
һ뵽׺ţ֮ĬĬı죬ţȻţ˵İ취
Ȼ׺ֱӴʯͷмȥһѾ档繫ȴظо쵽ڵʱ׺ĶƺЩϢҲࡣ
Ŀλӣ͸һ˿⡣
ǳ׵ķˣҪȫǻԪѻĽҲ㣬ȫǲܵ飡
ϣһЩ˿׺ǳ֣мһܣһһߺǴ磬Ǵ߳ˣ
Զƿ죬һǰɽ϶Ƕ˹һ޳Ǳųģ¾ˡ
үϴ󣡡϶ǰɽҴʱ޳۵ģһϢ첻Ҫˡ
Ϻǰɽһ˵˾û¶ͷεģһͷȥ
׺ǰɽǱһæ߹ȥϸļһ£׺ʱڵϢǳңֲεɰŻˡ
繫ǰ׺һ£Ȼǰɽ˵ӦŻˣûȫѣӦòµġ
ʲôŻˣϴŶǰɽ۾Ҫ޲ֱ׺Щ޳ʱ˶ĥѣϴȻֱӸ׺
ֹѾôˣҪЩ۵ĶڵѪˣϴá
繫ͬ뷨Դ˱ֳĬ޳ˬ죬ǳ׷ˣ
س̣ת䣬ҵΧ֮ǰɽǲҴˣԾ˻ؽǡ
繫ӳҲѾкܳһʱ䣬Ȼؼҿ׺޷ȥЩǵʸף繫Ӷǲçײ£ȥ뿪ˡ
ȥ֮ǰҲǰɽǣʱңҹ飬ȷʾһĴ𸴡
ǰɽǴʱ鵹Ǻ⣬ֻ޳ȥϢ߱Ͼ˼ҵĵ̣һɾѰˡ
׺޷ͬУһ·ϲûзر飬к޳ߵһǰɽˡ
ȵǻص֮ǰɽ㽫޳׺һ϶һػǡ
޳һѾǼ֮˯ҹĻָ
ԱߵĴ׺һӴ
ǰɽһֱ粽һ˵غϴˣ֪֪ǶҪˣ
϶Ҳ˽һ޳˹
үˡ϶صĴޡ
޳Цǣ˵ⲻûоա
ǰɽ޳ģ΢ЦĶʵǯ}ûţĬĬƲͷû
⼸϶ԼλҲ취ҪȰ޳ָȴѵط֣ѹܹ޳޳Դӽ뵽֮ɢһ˵ƣԳһܾκ˿
֪ʱ޳ʱϵҷƣȻݲκ˿
Ǵ˿޳ûʱԼòΣߵ׺ԣʵôˡ
ǰɽ繫Ӷ׺˵һ飬˵㽻֮ιȥˣһֱûҪѵļ󡣡
ϸĽ׺̽һ£ϵϢѾȶֻڵڽӦҪ˻кܳһʱ䣬Ҳ֮ǡ
޳ŻȫǶ׺Ҳʵ̫çײˣº룬һ亹׺ĳŲסǺ룬϶Լ
ãһжоա
룬׺뵽ԼʶУǰȻܵǿҵĹʶûܵ޴ˣʱѾָ
׺ȥһ֮ҲΪ˰ȫǣϾ׺̺Żˣ˵ȥ˷飬׺֮ǰñ
ּһ£ԪԪ黹ûѹҲûҪѵļ
ŵԪУһеڵȻѾԪش𣬵̺ȴɴڣԻ˵ǲɶõš
һʱ򣬻͵һ£Ǽʱܹ屾ܣǶڻԪصĸ֪
һ֮޳Ÿǰɽ߳ȥ֮ǰȽԼòָˣҪȻȥŵ˾Ͳˡ
һȥͼΧ˺öˣЩȫżĵ棬һŴ˿Χʺá
û¾ͺá
ˣζλӢۣ֪λӢۺЩûУ
Ҳˣ׺Ҳûд󰭡޳Ц˵
ǾͺãǾͺáһµͷȻжǳλص˭ֲ˼ᡣ
޳Ȼ֪ʲô׺ûѹҲ֦
ֻ˵ҶȥɣлҵĹġ
ŷĵ뿪
ȵû˵ʱǰɽʱ䷢޳㱨һ¡
ǱҴүдϢ˵ǻûҵ֤һһ
޳ͷʾ⣺ʱ֮ӦòܳˣҼǵõߵʱ׺һƣӦˣ˿ĸطء
ǰɽͷ˵һεıôҶֲǽǱߣ˵˾ҵı䶯һֲ²ܹܣ˵ѱ䣬󱻴ӸѹĿǰΣҲϾ˼ڲ飬ҲĿŵȥ
޳˵ǸǷǵˣȻ֪ô㲻õģֻǵĶĵİȫ
ǰɽɫһ˵԰ıϼһ°ˣ֪ˡ
޳ʣûʲôϢ𣿡
ǰɽɽ˵ѾɳܹȥѰңǼһƾʧһ㣬ȫû䡣
޳ЩⲻȥһεԲģǼһоһѹ
ϴҲˣǼһġǰɽֻο޳
޳ͷ˾ȥ֮⣬Ҳ벻İ취ˣ˽һϢ֪ҶȻų˿
һصĻ˵쳣ʧܵĻԣǶȦףĿԪԪ
ԪѾ׵ر¶ȥø֮ǰԪָ䣬ҳԪҪȻռȻȻ˺
ǲ֪ĽһһҲԲĴ۵Сۡ
ʱʱĶԲһţ߷ߵҪٲҾͽ飡


1555 Ҫ
ͺȻսͶġ
ս֮ǰɽʱѾʵ࣬ǻûлָĶʢʱڣʱ߷ߵصǰĶġ
ڻ۵ģһõúһķԼеĶڣԭһ졣
˵ҪٲԣĻὫģս˵һš
ǰҪĴ򿪿һۣһͬ⣬ֱӸװҧгݡ
ûзӦսһţȻˢһһɱԴ֮ڶǰһ˵㲻ԵĻҾûˡ
СС͵ضһ£ƺԻǳĿܣǰǿֲľ£Ƶ˵Ҳң˵˰ڿʲʰ
ȴ˵˵Ļսú޲ֱӽ
һͭǽڣôãһ˶ûУֻǽյû˵ĻһЩ
һξ㣬˵ٲԹԵĽڴ򿪣ֱû㣡
ս˵Ҫյϡ
ļԱ߹һЩֵ˵Ҵ򿪣Ҵ򿪻𣿡
ЩˣһĬĬĽڴһ˿һŨ֮ɢ
ս˫۶ʱһȵٿһ㣬ҵĻֱӽյ档
Ĳ˵ضһ£ǻԽֳſһЩǹŨ֮
ʱһɽ棬ԭģ֮һ֣ұϾȻðҰ̵
սʱѣ˵ʵһõ뵽⣬ֱ굽˶ĵ档
Ũ֮һӽסսĺһþûˣԾһܣ
أһȻˢһ½ڸסˣսҲ⣬ǶĲôҲڷסҪȻ˷ֻ֣ܴ鷳
ԭعһȻƵطڷȥ
ʲôȰ㻹ǹԹԵĴԭأҪȻҲսĵĶֱһȭڵϡ
͵һ£Ҫȴֲңʱսһʲôֱӽˡ
СǸܹԲԹԵһ룬жʱһ⡣
ƴî˾ܵȫ˳֮ԽԽŨȻҪһ
Щ֮ıҺ壬ϵսܵоѵʱѾŨ̵֮ˮ
ʱ󾪲ѣʵô£
޹˵ô֪Ҳ̫֮ͣǰɡ
ͣ£սȵô֮ˮΧƣֱ굱꣬ѹܲסô
ȴƵĿ֣İҵˣͣ¾ͣ£ԭ㲻úõģһͱˣһûͣء
ģˣ콫ڴ򿪣ҳȥ
Ŀ޵øˣ˵򿪾ʹ򿪣ǰԼӲҪģҴ򲻿ˡ
սûϲ£ȵ򿪣ҪȻֱӽ飡
ֱӺޣҴ򲻿Ǵ򲻿Ҳûа취ãһĶֻ֪۸ңͲˡ
׺ľˣģսֱɵˣʱ֮ˮԽԽŨֱӽ궼û뵽УЩϵ뵽ڣҪűˡ
սĻˣĲ򿪳ڣ֮£ֻʶеһ
ֻоһˢһ±ڣһܲסˢһ´򿪳ڣս˳˳
һ˲ıܵع˶ڣʱڵ֮ˮѾÿҪĶһ֮󣬳׵ط
֮ˮڣǣڵ϶һ£Ͳˡ
սȶͷֶû춯ˣ߹һƣôôûκηӦ
һӾͻˣĳ˰ɣǰҪ֮ˮǿս浣ˣ߶ģˣͲᴦôˡ
ţʶͻȻһ㻹ʲôΪҲ֪ٴʲô⣬Ȱ㻹ǰһ㣬ͷûԹ𣿡
пһӾͽսļվȴҳһ£شʹȥ
սԭŴĻȥ֮ǰȽһʱ䣬ʵû뵽Ȼֱʣֱ˷ˣ˷۱
һ뵽ڶĵֿ治֪Ҫô˽͡
ҪܰɣͷŸһ֣Ǹֳˣٸͷ𣡡
սһ£˵Ͼ͵
ĽǸߵĻ·һȥ·漴Ŷظϡ
һʱ֮һȵܶУѾ˱һٵ׼ӦǱͷһ׼
ȻĽȥʱǰͷ˷ŭˡ
˵⵽ô£ôˣģʲô
ս˵ûʲôⶫڤ粻飬ȷʵҪȥ浽ʲôӵģ±ֻ֤Ϊѣ֪£¿ڶ˵ˣûзӦ
˵õʱѾˣǰͷתʵ
սɫƽƴѹţĵĲ˵ǵģ½ߵʱ⸱ˣҲԣǰзΪһװġ
ǰͷĿһսȻֽĿڻ˵ض֮ϣ˫һץವһ¾ͳķȥ
ϸĲ鿴һ£üͷԽԽˢһ¾ͳս˹ȥ
޴ķȻԼˣ
ʲôսɴۣŵʵⶫ
ǰһм˵׵ıˣֱӽĶڷˣ֪²ܹѹʲô𣡡
ʲôսȫˣԭΪֻǱʧȥƽ⣬ֻҪ˼һ¾ָܹû뵽Ȼôأ
㶵ʵô죿
ҽģȥţٳ⣬ҾĲ㣡
սУжµߣˣûسͷ
ǾҪ߳ڵʱ򣬱һĮԼȥҽ˼һ£
սһڵأµľǻ𣬿ھȻȥȵҽһ£ɱܣȴҷͷߣҪǷĻͷԻء
֪ǣеĶĴ˹ȥԭǰûгҪһܵʲôԲˡ
ʧȥʶһ̣ĬĬһˣɵÿң
Ȼһֱ޳ֱŤԹ޳Ҫ䵽˱УǾø޳ĵģЩԾͲ⣬Ǹƶĺӣ
ߺ󣬻Ҷе˷ŭǽҳһɫϸȥᷢ׳Щ񣬺Ȼ
ȫ䣬ǲ뵽ۻص磬ʱǶڵ޳ǸܶС


1556 ѰҰ취
ϴҴǱϢ˵ˣǹȥһˡǰɽһ߽ϲôˣֹһӻ󣬾Ȼϴȥ
޳һ£ֽӹϸĿһ飬ȷʵ͹ģнǹȥһˡ
Ÿ϶ǰɽ˵ǱӦǳ£ȻֵΪˣʱѾˣ߰ɣȥһˡ
ǰɽһ͵ػͷ޳ʵܳʲô£˵᲻ڸأܾҲȫҪߵǹ˵ǵҲѾЩڸϹô飬ҶģŶҪæ
޳ÿɷ˶ȷʵð£ֻδҲ֪ҶۼǺ»ǻ£ƬıĻٶ֣ҲֻΪڻҡ
ǰɽ޳˵ʱЩż˵ϴ㻹ȥѽ
޳ͷһ£ȥɡ
һͷڸԼǱ߶Ȼǳʲô£þϹȥһˡ
ǰɽ֪޳򶨵ⶨȻǸı䲻˵ģֻܴͷɥ˵ðɣӣȻҪϴģҪչҲиӦ
δõϢ׻δҵ䣬ԴȥѲ⣬ǵ֡
ĻŸ䣬ʹһȣҲŲҪҪү
ǰɽͷ۵ķסͷһ߽϶ɫεֻҡͷѾͷһ˭ҪҸүֿҾ͸˭ƴӣ˲ܽ¡
Դˣ޳ҲûзԵ˼϶벻˵ûжĲҪԸǣô϶Σա
Ƚ֮£Ǵ߸ȫ϶۾һ±ģҲǰͷЦ˵ˣһߡ
үĲὫҶ϶ͷ˵ҲҪүֿˡ
ãֿ޳˵ôѾͷһֱ׷ԼĽŲȻЩһ𣬵ȫѾͷΪҪŬ
ǸС˴ǰ϶㲻ϡ϶Ϊˣλߣ붼֪ЩΪֹǼ棬ô˷ŭ顣
Ѿͷ޷˵ĳ˳Ϊ˾޳ζǡ
һжѾ޳ҲǵǸСӣһжõķı䡣
үǲǷˣ϶޳ò˵ʱЩż
ûУЩ飬ȥʰһ£Ǽ̾͸ǡ
ţ϶չһЦݣ˵תͷȥʰԼİ
ǰɽεҡͷԭ϶ʵǿߣʱһǳʲô飬иӦڿ취вͨˣҲԼһԼʵҪʲô飬ﷴ׸
ޣֻѻ죡ǰɽͻȻԼͣô£ôõĲ룬ר뻵ģ޳ҲһˣʲôûͷȻֱҲԲЩ
ǾڵĽǸǳأǣξģоԵͳȨ
ȵ޳ǸϵǵʱѾۼ˲ˡһ޳ǡʱ
ĺܴһѾϷ޳£ǰɽҲѾɳ˽ձ
ǴһЩϢ˵ΪҵýͷöǵвȣһҪ滹ǣĿǰȷеϢ
ϴ㿴ҵԤûɣȷʵˡǰɽ˵ЩϢ̲֮סһ䡣
޳û˵ģֻߴǵϿ߰ɡ
ѾõϢ޳Ǹսɵڶŵʱ򣬾ӭ˳
׵ɫЩƣһ޳¶һЦ޲һѱס˵ˣ
޳ͷ˶ɫֱӸء
֣ǸҹױֵЩصģ޳ǽ뵽ص
ҵڵأõԱȴһĽ
ⴱͬɫʾȻȫɫģȥǷݣһƬڶ
׶ȻǺúýһⴱж£ҲûǸ飬޳ֱӴ˽ȥ
޳ʣֻǼ򵥵Ľһ£ĵطеһЩǶѾ͵ˡ
޳üȷʵ¡
ͬ治һȴǹҲ֪ΰ쵽ģڣȴվһ
ˣСֵܡЩһ˽վ񣬵޳ʱȻһֵܣÿȴǴһЩʵġ
ҵޱȣΪ߹壬ҳˣвġ
޳ҲδЩ˳Ϊָķµһλ
׵İţλȻвҲûж˵ʲô
ȵһ˾ۿˣһֱ˵ҪСֵſ˵ˣӾ͸Ͽ˵ɣЩϼһ
ѽӣ«ﵽʲôҩص׳ʲô飿
һȺһһ䣬ʱЩ
̧ʾҰ漴ɫĳǳص˵λϣ׽Ҫ˵ʲôر򶨡
һ仰ɹôҶÿ϶ǳأҲڴģǶûģ˺ʱ¶ضֵǵı飿
޳һԣȴһƬֻ˵ǰɽ϶࣬ȴǽŲУСˡ
һŻ˵Ҹ׵䣬δѼϢòҳϣоĿѾҡ
ʲôЩһ⻹˵ãһ¾ʹλվǱɨһ£һͬйƤһ㣬Ȼصϣÿ˵ɫЩò԰
׵Ļûн꣬Щѵ˵һ飬ǽط˱仯ͨصĵ·ˡ
ʲôһгȫһҲˡ
˵ѱһ£Ͼûмˣлһ˿ϣͨصĵ·ʵʵڵģ˵
޳üͷһתͷʵǱʱģдͨİ취
ҡҡͷ˵ͨʱ˷ǳ޴ʱɵģ֮Ҹͨͨӹ̹Ǿ֮ǰͨȴͻȻˣֻҸ׳֣пܼͨͨ
ǿɲһҲϴҲܹ쵽ءǰɽһ⻰Щˣ˵
ȴҡҡͷ˵Ҳǻֵܵǿ֪ܲƬĲһǰѪĽһһأ֪˷ЩƵİ취ܹдͨҪȻһĳһƣ綼ֱ
ǰ𶯱Ŀֲ綼ѾʶҪ׺֣ѾˣҴ⡣
㲻Ҫǣ֪⿪Щֻ֮㸸װɣǰɽʡ
׵ͷɥֱһϢԭܹЩʱգǰȥѰ˵ַ˱䶯ڷĳֱ仯ǾҪȥʱǵ·ȴˣЩһûӳ


1557 ǰǸ
޳гģ״Ϣͷѹһʯͷһ㡣
ǰȻס˽أ𶯷ȴ˲С𺳣ٴα޳֪ԼĿǰûǸȥѹס
׺ڳ˯УóóȻȥѣҲֻһһˡ
˵ЩƽƵİ취Ȼ֪ǿܾҴĶҿҲҵҲ˵
׵ıϣ˵ҲôģѾĴѰңֻĿǰ֪صµľΣǰ취ܷ֪̽һ
޳ͷ˵Ҿһԡ
Ҳֻô˵ϾĻԪطǳĴһСľܹǣһȫʱ룬ԱĻԸ֪ҲȥʱпܱըĶ
ʵȴ޳ֵ±һǿĽƿסˣԪȫԹϢĴ͸ǿǻɹĺֻܷ
û취ˣǾҴ죬һҵ⿪Ƶİ취ְæʱֳЩź˵
޳ͷ˵Ȼ
˻ص֮Ҫ޳ǵס߽һˡ
һɫһǰ˵Ѿ֪ͨˣôڲŹ
ǵ϶ɵ硣
޳ʯټӸλǵΪȻûȫָҲѾصﾳ硣
ǰȴرѾûǰ緢ԵЩǱǷϡ
һԼֳɫͱùԹԵؽ磬㴹վһԲ˵
һӣҲε̾˿Դ⵽ش֮˵ľѾһҲȡʹҲ޷˵Щʲô
֣˵ֵѾˣǵǰ˵Ļ𣿡
һ𣬼ˢһ¾ͱˣȴҲֻһ˲ȫַ̧ͷĿ⣬ǰ޳ڵķ
һѣ˵ȥɡ
һľżһһһĳ޳߹ߵ޳ǰͣ£һȻ޳ľһ˵ԲǰҵĴֺ϶ԭ¡
޳û뵽׾ȻԼǸҵô֣£ǰһ˵ûϵһжȥ
˿ֱ˺һһԣվֲ˵
ǰ޳˵ǰԴǣĴдҪϣڱð֮£ȻԸְ磬ʵҺաڴĳ飬ϣִ˲С˹Ҫ
޳ͷЦ˵һжѾȥˣ޳ѾϣλҲ˰ɡ
Ц˵ãؿǻһˣʱѾֵĲɿˡ
⻰٣ǻңǴʱЩѾ˼أҪ˼ˣ޳ʵȴܹǰӣҲ޳ĵط֮һ
ǰɽ϶վ޳࣬ĬĬһ磬޳ˣǲŲ׵ķŹһӵܣǸŰһŰ
վһǵĻȭͷǷɵģȴһһսվһûԼʲôˣԼֳ˸к˳ȥ
ǾҪ߳ŵʱȴ׶޳˵ҰüλϢ뼸λҪ
ֻо˵һؾǼǷŭ羹Ȼ޳ס֪֪ҵʥѽ
߲Ϣڤ󲢲һĵط־ܹóﾭȱǵ󷨼ӳ֣ҹÿʱÿ̶޾ĹգⲢͨĹ⣬ԪشɵĹâ
ӣԽԽˣܹȻȡԪѾԽԽ٣˵һ֣֮ԪشɵĹâ˵һǳǿ⡣
ҽܳӲܹĵطôҲֻһζѣױˣҲֻǽȥΡ
׾ȻҪ޳סʷй˵ٵˣҲ
ƾʲôƾʲôһȭͷֻһ̧ȥ֪ı䲻ˣʱֻڲֹܹľ
ߣȴ޿κΣ޳ȴ֪ֻһ᷿ͨǰ·˵ıֶǳƽ
ӽ߳ȭͷָݽγʺѪҺ
ǲдҪˣʲôʲôĽʺޣȴʲôı䲻ˡ
ĻصԼķУãеĿûкһƽ飬ȴͻȻһֵ
۵ģʲôðݣЩصĴϢ
һ£ȥֱʧΣΪǶѾʧ˵ʱٴֻһξǳǳĺһ
˭羯ʵ
ߣѾܵǿķŭͻȻһЩŹֵĴڶŵһӴӴվ
װŪģʲôӢۺúб³
ҲˣҲǹֻһѣ㿴ҵġ˵
ɫֳܹ˿ɲ࣬ԷȻһ֡
ŶԹԵŲҪ˵ֻ㣬зǳ߶Բԣ𣿡
ȭͷˢһһֿ̣ٵԼƽǰ٣⵽ش˵ҲһɳľøܹԼͻȻֵǵѲۣ˵ֻˣȻỳʲô⣬Ƿǹеġ
֪кޣ羹ȻЩϾסƾʲôǲһЩߣʹ׷ߣҲı䲻ǵĳƾʲô
ƵһػصĶУ͵رסԼͷʹغұ죡
˺ܶץסȷʵŭȷʵպޣ˵Ǵеһңʱҡ
ʹ˰ݣԱੲݵ˵ԺޣΪʲôޣԷȥЩϵõӦе³ǻصǵĵطȥڸ߹Ѫͳģûʸ
ˢһ׺ݵĹâ˫Ѿͨ죬һеһĨȫ
ж޳ԭͲټϲ㱻޳ɱߺ񣬿ɽڣûաֻֻ֪лŲܹδܹԼ顣
ǰȥ޳ǸȷʵȥˣȴôΪЭҲ䣬ڵȴʱѡ
һˣȴûԼȻҲûص
֪ǲĵģ㲻ģ׵ľ䣿޳ʲôôԵõôõԪѾ÷ǳϡ٣޳ôǿ뿴Ҫдһӣʲôӣ
㲻Ҫ˵ˣʹرסԼͷغǣӦȴЦ


1558 
޳ס֮Ȼһȥ;ĲͬҲǰһλŮǰźʱ𣬲֪⡣
׵޳ижѣǰɽһֱֹţ˵Ҳпǵı
ΣоԪȷʵ޳Ǵ洦ֻ޳ȴգǵڶոǷ׷׸ϵΪǸشϢʱиӸ
˵Ŀģǰɽ۾ڶ䣬ЩŵǰǼǰ㱨Ϣߴ
˵ʵյԽԽ٣򵹻ãݻ򣬾ԪҲˣеطڼٵļ٣ؿռ䶼𶯴Ҫо޴Ķ
ߴǸϣǳĽţЩһֱѼָ鱨֮ı仯Ѿܸоͨնܹĳ״ʵ˲֪Ǻá
޳ɫҲЩأһʵ֣ⷢ
Щҡҡͷ˵Ѿ׷ԭ򣬵˭֪⵽ôһ£Ԫĳ˵ǸΪʵ̫ˣ˵᲻ǡ
˵һ룬ټ϶͸һ˿̿֡ԭ˵᲻ĩմ˵ҪӦˣ˭飬·һĻʵһ
Ǽʹǲ˵޳ȻȻҲѾ뵽һ㣬ĩմ˵ѵҪӦ
Щĩմ˵ϢԽԽ࣬޳һУϸĻһ£ﰵȷʵĩմ˵йء
Ԫھ򣬹ĩմ˵ϢԽԽ࣬ǻѾԿ϶ʮ֮ǰѾֹһƽ٣ƽҲΪصӰ졣
Ȼ˭Ҳ֪ʱ֮ǰ׷ʲôʮ֮ǰ˵ٴγ֣˾ǳƽԶԶûн
޳һͷҲǳƽѹʹûнֻҪβѲŸҪʼ
룬λҶ֪ˣȲҪģ¶һİ취Ĺɣ˶ʤ죬һоͺá
һ仰ʱЩͬ˼Ѫһ㣬Ϊ֮ܣһ»ʣ״̬ǰȻࡣ
޳ĵͷ˵ȻȥɣעһϢ㱨
ǣ˶һȥ
쵼һʱһ仰ܸıֵ˵Ŀģʹ޳ԼûףΪղǷЩߴǿģǻȥ֮ҲĴȥ
ʹ޳Լвûжģĩմ˵еĵǱЩǵĻҪࡣ
󣬾ݴһϢ޳еݵǸӵŨ
˵˴ҳ˾޴ı仯ؼԪ֮ڼټ֮⣬˴ҵĸؾȻҪڵЩ̺ȱ۳ɵ󷨣һЩάסĽıһֵڣкü⵽ƻ
޳ԴӿźһԲڷ˺һǰɽ϶ֲ뿪Ավ˺üʱǶûˣǰɽ϶߳˷䣬˶취ˡ
ǲ֪ǣʱ޳ȴԪ齻
˴ҵʮ֮ǰģ̺ŷḻĵ̣Щ󷨺ͽƶʮ֮ǰַȻӹĸȻڡǶȻĿŵ棬治򵥡Ԫ˵
Ƕ֪ʲô𣿡޳Щʵ
Ԫȴҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵Ϊ֪ʲôԲųƺΪǶ֪⵽ʲôҲҲħޣҲֹһԿ϶ⶫȻ򵥡
޳ЩλķϻԽԽˣЩҲ֪ؼ䷢ֱ仯Բƽ޹ʵĲ⼸ľһеıȻʲôڲݡǳԪ˵ʲô˭Ҳ֪
жһ£п˭޳룬Ԫ֪ҪĶ࣬Ҳ֪ļָôˣǱŽҵһ¡
ԪĬ˺һ֪ʲôһյʱżڵһЩģӡǣÿҪʱܾ÷ǳ鷳һֹȥһҲ⵽ʲôҿԿ϶֮ǰЩЩ£Ȼⶫйء
Ԫ˵һϻ޳ȴĻһ˿ͬѰʵ˼ǣǰЩŵأڹŵصκ飬Ϊĩմ˵𣿡
Ԫ˵û㷢ûУһжڲٿһָĳһǰȻЩһֱʵȴڱǣűһΪʲôȥԪȻֱڵֻ֮ȥȴ֪ǣǰһ
޳üͷţԪһ˵ȴȻȥѰǰĵ·ʵȴڱıߡЩΣպ;ǿУȻÿζ֣ȴⱳͰźˣÿζǰһƽİ취
һδͻԼеľȻǿҲԼǿ󣬵ͻƵٶʵ̫ˡ
Ԫ쵽룬Ц˵һ㵹ûɣ⣬кõĻԵرǴյţɱСⶫǼһȻ̬һ㣬ȴ֮еģ֮ͻٶȣǸʱûУӡƺҲôһλֲֿٶȡ
޳ȴ˵󻷾Ѿ䣬˿̣ٶȾٺãҲʵְɣ
жߵʿ󻷾֮Ȼ޲ߣ޳һһ
ԪЦ˵ѵʶгֵǸûѾıˣھӵһӴ⣬ܹԼôܹȵˣƲǺܴ󡣡
޳һȻǳױˣôû뵽һ㣡ʶеƬ磬̺ž֮ǿ̫ĳ֣統ѾʼȻԪء
⡭ⲻһ
˭˵һȥҪַˡԪǳ˵
ĴѾı䣬֪޳ʶһ磬ܲ
Ԫ̲ס̾취ѶҵУĿǰĵеԺԪ˵һǺеƬأʲô֪ȱһܶڵܲΪûǵ׼
Ԫһ߶߶˵ãòŷ޳Ǳȴû죬СӲ֪ʲô뵽˳˼С
ˣҲˣͷȻֱȻĻǿڵ޷͵ģԾͲҪȥˣ취Լǿ˵
Ԫ黹Ϊ޳ڵĽ飬̲ס꣬ɳģԺͬʱҲޱȵ޳ǳܹġ
ǣ޳ȴͻȻ૵ʵԪ飬˵Ϊʲôѡң
Ԫһ£˼
޳ظһ飺ʲô


1559 Ů֮
ÿһⶼд𰸣޳ûܹشԪȰҪ˼룬һжжȻѾ˱˵ľУʱˣǾֻܼǿȥԡ
޳뵽һ⣺˵һУǰʲôɫãԳһ壬һʲôϵ
Ԫҡҡͷ˵һ컹˵ϵǿ϶ģǵ׼ԲӦ䡣
λҲ֪޳Ȼ֪𰸣ʱлЩʧ
Ҳû취һ˼עе֮ܿϡ
̺Ѿǳϡ٣̺ȻȲϻɽЩطȴҪ࣬ȷʵ壬ôõĵطøס
ţǰɽ߽˵ϴи㡣
޳üһܣЩɻ󣬾˽⵽Ϣﲻһ˿ԽӽģҵˣѶӽʲôҪ
ǰɽԹԵ˵ϴ׻˵֮ĲޣѾͷڷǼ鼴ǵСŵ㡣
޳Ƶʵ˭
ǰɽ˳ǣȻЩᵽ˵֣˵˭Ŀ˵С¡
˵Ů޳Щ⡣Դһ֮Ǿ͸λС㲢ûټͻȻʲô˼
ţǱѾ˵޴ǲǻҵһ涼𣿡
ǰɽɫһѾͷôԼȽˣǰһ֪ΪʲôԴӽֲ֮ĸоԶҵ˷ĺܡ
޳ʾǰɽ£ӭȥ˵Сˣ֪Сǰν£
Ůһת¶һЦݣִһЩɬͲ˼ǰһЩѹĶ޳˵ǰŮð޴磬Ҳ֪޴绹ڲҵ˵޴ˣǸ
˵һϻһǳصģޱȵĶ޳һ˵ǰŮĲǣ޴˲С˹ʱ֪£żһʱʧǣð˸λλԭ¡
ǸûҪʲôǰɽֹһ䣬쵹ˣһĶǸϢȴ鵽ôСֻĿȸĿˣδκ˵Ǹôģټ
ԼľЩ֣˼Ҷ̬ŵˣ˵ϣҲö˵ʲôֻĬվһԵ޳Ӧ
޳Ŷһ²һ£ŮǸȻᲵӣЦ˵ѾȥС㲻طϡ
Ůһ޳ĻϵЦչЦ˵޴仰ҾͷˣҪǲԭңһ治֪Ҫôˣ֪ȥ֮ҴǺݺݵĽѵһ٣Ҳ֪ǵĸ䲻ֵĻ̵̻ģҲ鷳
˵̾˿һ˿ǣȻڵİο
޳ЩĲ̣οȻûµģһжһᣬʱס
ŮһĨᶨ˵ҾԲŸ׻ᱳң⵱һʲôᣬ޴磬˵ǲǣ
޳ͷ˵ĳҲôΪ⵱жȻڱ󵷹ǲ̫ˡ
˵⻰ҲȫǰοȻĿǰ֪ǸʲôǰմǱߵϢжȻĻıʲôҲǱвȣҲԭ
֮Ҫҵ
Ů޳Ļķתͷһ£ǰɽǰЩԥ˵һЩ޴絥˵֪ǴɷȻرһ£
ǰɽüѾͷҪ˵ʲôĻɣǾг֮ôҲȷʵ̫񻰣Цһ£˳ȥ
޳һЦЦЩëȻ֪Сӿ϶ˣתͷһŮؿԼ־Щ졣
ʣ֪С㻹к£
ûˣŮҲҲǰŵĿˣĳ־һ㣬ͻȻһȻĳ޳߹ȥ
޴֪ܲҽ״С̵¾ҪܳͷеԼӦóеΣǰΪҸ㺦޴ǣһֱⲻȥҪ
޳һ˵С㲻˹һĳѾ˵ѾȥˣҶҲδκ˺һ¾Ͳˡ
Ůȴҡͷ˵ɲУûгеԼΣ֪һҵġ
޳еɻӵŨֹʲô£
̧ͷһͻȻõɴۣæƲͷü˵Сء
Ҳ֪ŮʲôȻԼ¸ˣ
ѵҪԼ޳ʱһͷ󣬲֪ЩСеʲôٸҹɲұ֤ԼʲôֶΡ
뽫ӳȥǿ϶ģĸھס϶ȷԼе뷨ǱѾͷ˿ɾͲˡ
ŮѾ⣬ɼǰߣʱѾѵڵϣֻǰµĿӣһʵ˼
޳ɫҲɭСס֣ٲס֣ĳͲˡ
Ůȷʵ޳˼Ц˵Ҫ޴粻ģѾ׼޴ʲôŮԹ޻ڡ
޳ͷĴˣⶼʲôʲôɲ˼ҵʥصõǱ֪Ҫ
ŮĶȴǳľѾµĿҲ⿪һѣ·Ȼ䣬¶ɫĶǶ
޳һӣ˷ǰŮͪչǰʱѪӿ৵һ¾Щ
æƲͷѾн˸Ů˵Сִˣ޳ֻܵˡ
˵ţָһţһˢһ¾סŮȻӵ붼δͳŴȥ
ŮȴͻȻһ֮󣬼쳹˰죬ǰɽһ飬æ߹
޳һæ£һ£Ůĵ˫ַסѣϢ˷츲صı仯
ǰˣʱȴϢ٣һҪʱӣ޳󾪣æȥ鿴δ߽Ůʹ㲻ҪҪң
̬˷츲صı仯ǰɽʱͿһĻʱȵʵôˣ
޳üͷ΢΢΢ҡͷվŮǰⲻĿҪˡ
ȻŮ漴۴ϵĺţ񣡡
Բۣô£˵ѾͷѪˣҼϴ󻹲࣡ιˣǰɽ˵žҪȥѨȴ޳һס
޳ɫЩأҡҡͷͬʱЩɻĿŮ
ѾͷʱǳĹŹ֣ھеǳůϢҲԽԽǺеȴ˵Ĵһʮøһ
ͻȻһ󾪣æǰҪȥ徭סվһ
ŮͻȻס˲ӣȻֹ۾ͻţ˫ʹԼĺ˵ȴǺϢҲԽԽ˫һһţĵȥ
޳һ⣬æǰȥ̽ϢȴϾѾֹͣʧѾ


1560 ˾
ͻȻıڳ˶һ޳鿴һ£ŮȻˣ
ǰɽۣãȻĿܣֲûϢĴڣӦò˰˺֡
Щż޳ô£ղŷʲô顣
޳ҡҡͷɫҲǳĲã˵ӦȦס
Ȧףǰɽ˿޳ȻָŮ˵Ȧף
ʱ϶Ҳ˹һһ
ĵһӦܹ޳ûʲô飬˿̽ͷֿһֻһǶŮɫ˱䣬ǰֻҪ˼άһ룬֪ʲôŮ˾Ȼˣиǵǡ
үû°ɣ
޳ҡҡͷ󣬶ǰɽ˵ǴһԲҪû´Ļܿͻ˹
ǰɽЩߵ˵˭Ҫʲô
ʵ벻ͨŮҵĴС㣬λף˭˴󵨣ЦѵΪҪ޻ǣȻǾ޳ɱ˵ģô˭
̫Σ޳ѾͷղеΪ뵽ŮϵĲԾĵط
ϺȻ˽ƣĳ֮£ڵϢң֮£ȴȻܹƴĺԷĿľҪˡ
Ĳ²ûûʹһŲΪһЩҵϣҲҵλϣ硣
һһĴ󿴵˵ڴ̨µŮɫʱһ䣬ǰһѱסʹĺ֣Ůãôˣ
ǻеﻹشŮ彥ı䣬Ϣȫޣҡڣû˷Ӧ
ˢһ̧ͷ׺ݵĵ޳ǶʲôɱΪʲôΪʲôҪǵǸѣ㲻ԭҲɱ
Ѫˣֻ۾ɱˣǰɽǰ˵ǿˣЩȻбǰٿĪ硣
ȴŮվֱ棬Ÿڳ˵ɱŮ
ʲôЩǵɫˢһ¾ͰˣŵĿ绳еŮӡ
˵Ůô᣿ôᴩӳŮôܻ
˶ˣȫ޷ǰʵ
޳ǰһĻͷģеԤжõ֤ʵȷʵ˱˵Ȧס
Ȼ֪ʲô飬֪ŮǵǸģҲҲ֪ŮҪԼ֪һЩʲô
˵ţ޳ǰɽѡ˳Ĭ˵ʲôǶģѾ϶ɱġ
һλ׷ԲԵĳǰɫĶ޳˵Сֵܽһ⵽ôһ£ŮʥŮ֪˵ζʲô𣿡
޳ͻȻЩȻʵĸоǰһֱ벻ͨԷΪʲôҪŮһУҷҪɱɣڵˡ
ʥŮѹˣʥŮⲻǵλ⣬һ־ʥŮǵľУžصĵλʥŮǵϣ黹
޳ɫƽ˵˲ɱġ
λ϶ʱĿ¶׹⣬˵ôСֵܸǽһ£ŮΪλӳΪʲô˭ɱ
޳ǰ˵һ飬Ÿǰ飬Щȫķ
ѣʥŮԲ飬ķҪؿѡģԲһˣ޳ȻһλӢҪõصͬԶĺܣʥŮԲ㣡
ǰɽˬ˵ʲôѾͷͻȻܹҪ˭֪ôģǻû˵Ϊ̫ݡ
ɽ޳ֹǰɽѾˣǵø㹻أҪȻȻø⣬ǾԲԽˮŮá
ҲĻ֮˸ĵط֪Ǿ˵ʵ飬ҲŵģǻĽͣҪȻһĨڳɶ߲Ķ
ǰɽȻҲ˹ߵĺһתͷ˵
϶Ա߼˵ү˾ԲɱģӦȥҳףǾ
Щȴ϶޳Ǿ֣˵ǶһģȻ໥ӣ˲޳ɱģǻλ֮ǾѲ˸ϵ
ôˣֻ죬ӲҪˮãǰٿĪ磡ǰɽߵ˵
ʲôѵǻԩǲɣλ׷ԲԵĳɫһջ˵ɣ˭Ѳ˸ϵ
ʱ޳ͻȻ˵ټһŮ֪ɷи㡣
Щϻδ˵ŮȴͻȻԵ㲻ãȻתͷżλ˵һʲô֤ݣԲŮ
Щͷ˵Ϊ˱ӣСֵܱһ룬Ȼǲ
޳˵ʱѾɢˢһ¾ͳŮ˹ȥתεİסŮˢһ½뵽ǵľС
ǣзǣŮѾû˸ղǽƵټŮϣȥǱ˾ʶҲѾ顣
һȻһǱþԵģЩ˵Уǰɽ϶ĿǰûģǾֻʣ޳ԷƵ÷ǳ׼ȷ
޳תһȴûκε״ʱûлָǰĵزϢЩȣ֮⣬ڲûϢȻҲǱ˲ٿˡ
Ǹղʱ֮ڣӴŮ˾ֻ磬ǰŮ޳˵ûгеζ֣Ȼ֮ǰ֪ġ
ۺѲ˸ϵǰпܣŮڵĽƾǱġ
ôһ룬޳ΪԼежľϲǿã絽Ϊʲôܹ´֣ԼҲɱ
ţԶִһŲ׵õϢҲҴҵĸ˹ǰĻЩѾϵ׷ߣˣҲġ
һǰǴ󾪲ѡ
ôһ£һŮɫʱһ䣬ǰһѱ˫Щʵôˣ
ͻȻʹޣ磬޳ɱ
ʲô״󾪣Ȼҡͷ˵ܣֵǾԲ顣
磬ʱ㻹Ҫ𣿡ߵ˵Ҳ֪㵽ױ޳ǹʲôԻάǰҵҲˣŮˣ㾹ȻҪǣ
ɫһȵʲô˻û֮ǰ˭½ۣ
ȴͻȻЦ磬㻹ǵĴôˣԼĵܵܳˣԼ㻹ҪˣҲܣһҪΪŮֻعǣҲ̬ɣ鵽Ҫô죬ҾԲŹ޳ǣ
Ҳɫ׵ûл֮ǰǶҪ׵ģŮʥŮλǳ⣬Ҳףİǣ
ЩǣһŮȻˣҲ󾪲ѣǣһþ
ʥŮˣôܣѵ˵ģ
ҲţԲģ
ЩһҪһ㣬૵˵ʥŮʥŮҲܾ޴ĽѣôһҪҳ֣
˵ţȫĿ¶׹⳯޳ǿǰɽɫһ䣬Ǻʲôѵ𣿡


1561 Ͷ
ն
Ů¼֮޳Ψһĸ룬Ϊһ޴ȦףǰٿĪ磬ԷҲѹںǵǲǷͱ粵ĻֻǹɵӰѡ
Щ׷߻ɵĿ⵱У޳ʱʲôֻ̹˵Ըܵ飬нΡ
׶Դ±ʾǳıǸ˵ѹ֮£Ҳû취ֻǰж޳˵ᾡ࣬ҳף޳һ
׶ԼΣ޳лǸмġǰɽоûôֹˡ
Ҿ˵йŹ֣еĲõ֤ʵ˰ɣǰɽƵ˵ǰܾû£û뵽汻ѻ˵ˡ
϶Աߵһ˵Ǵ磬˵һ䡣
ǰɽ˵У֪үѵҼϴ֮ѽǻҪô뿪طɣ֪ǻᰵʲô飬ʱɱ˶ӵϴһӢɶˡ
ǰɽ˵û޳ɱУǾǼˮʲôʧʱηǱӣҪһˡ
ϴ˵ô죿Ҷġǰɽ룬Ǹˣֱӵİ취ֱӳȥɱƬײںȻ·߲ͨҲûޡ
޳˵֮֮ɡ
ǰɽϴǵͻȻһ⣬תͷЩֵĿ޳ʵϴǲѾ֪Ҫôˣ
޳ҡҡͷ˵ĿǰǺŰɣһٳֵġ
ǡ˵Ȧ׵˲ֹһǰɽץסʲôصʵ
޳ͷ˵Ӧòֹһˡ
ģҲ˭ҪȻһùϴ㷢ûǸ⣬ҾúпܾĹ
޳ͷԼеĲ˵һ飬ʾ԰꣬㿪ʼ鿴
ʱε㣬۹ѺطĵطγΣоŲ㡣˵н޳ǹѺ̷ĵطǿĽƣ˻û˭Ǹܹȥġ
޳ǰһ뵽ԼĸоһֵĲھŲʱֵĲԽԽԡ
ʱԪ飺ûиоֵĲ
ţԪͷ˵ϣû뵽СڶԪصģӦԽԽˣǸͷ
޳üͷһЩȵʵԪأ˵ֵĲԪ֮
ԪЦ˵ҲŸտ㣬¶ˣûⲨȷʵԪ֮ܵЩȫ⵱аԪɵġ
޳ЩƵ˵ҲûиܵԪصĴڰ
ҲֵĵطúǿĽƣҪƣԪ۶ɵģֻǸԪеıͬѣ֮󣬾ȻʲôԪ֮ûиоֻǸойɲ
ԪЩ˵ǿĵطҪȻô߽뵽ôܻӲȥأһܴԭ򣬾ƿɲͨԼ鿴
Ԫ˵صģ޳еĺҲʼεĶⲽطηһÿһһηֻѺһطȻռ漸ҪСǽȴҪǿࡣ
޳΢΢̽ϸȥЩԱ߿ŵĽƣȵҪչǽڵʱȴһε
ȻĳײһɲⲨһɲǣ޳͵һĸ̺ܵеԪ֮
оȲУû뵽ƾȻǿ˿ֲĵزﲢûԪ֮ûиоѡ
Ѿת׵ʵѾǳĿֲȴһ㶼첻ԪصĴڣ֪ƵĿֲ
Ԫʱ˵ôܵ˰ɣ
޳ͷ˵֪ط˭ģ˵Ѿзǳƾõʷһһġ
ԪȴЦһ˵ʲôȣǲǺռȵ޳֮ͽѣԼ汲˸ҲôĶ
޳üصλүĻ
Ԫǳм˵ʮĶܹǿĽƣҵ汲ģ
ʮǰ޳ȥԪеȵܹܲóνƣʱȫʱȥȫ
ͻȻԪ˼طǡ
Ԫ齾ޱȵ˵ûǸϱ̬ġ֮³ϼһ˭óôǿ־õĶ
޳ЩͷۣÿλʦĽǳһͷֻ֪ʲô״תͷǰɽ˵Ƕĵ㣬ⶫǰġ
ʲôǰɽŵôӵĿܣ·Աʲô׺ħԴһ
յѾİǰЩȻ£ǰɽˡ
϶ղǷǳ˽⣬ֻԼѣЩãʵүǻ᲻Σգ
޳ûнǰɽѾǳȵ˵չɵСŵ㣬ϼһﲻһı̬
˵ŸæסԼͣЩŵһܣ±ȥóľǿ˵˼룬ܶԷһҲͬãе뷨ػϤʱԸǣ޶ûطˡ
϶ŵģҲһЩǵĿ޳˵϶վԡ
ֻԼʵǿһޱȼᶨһҪͻʵӲܹﵽү
޳ϼᶨ飬૵ǰοõģҲҵʦẦǵġ
˵ĵȷǣѾ̳յţһеľڣ״鷳ҲܹҳӦԵİ취ġ
ţү϶޳ǳģֻôȻȫȫ
ǰɽԱ߿ЩᣬЦ˵ٯٯˣ취ô뿪ɡ
޳ȴͻȻϥڵϣ˵Ҫ뿪Ǹõط
ҲڸղţͻȻ뵽һ顣
һʮ꣬ȻǿĽƣ̺źεȿֲǰЩֻ΢һ;ǿ
ֱ浽̺Ŷôֲ
Ԫ֪뷨Ц˵СӿԽԽˣϲ㶯ְɣ㻤Сӱͣһֱµģͷۡ
޳ЦЦǰɽ˵ҪƵеգһסְ
ţǰɽǼȥԪһὫСӽԪС
ǰɽһ޳Ļʱ°ͶҪ֨֨صʵս˵
Ѿ˵ˣֻһ뷨޳ʵ̫̬ˣ˭뵽Ҫգ
ͻȻЩ뷢Цգͬˣʱ򲻻ὫζŪ̱ɣǷǳڴ
϶ȴԱ˷ܲУ޳˵үģ϶ƴҲκ㣬үĵհɡ
޳˵ҲţкȥһζŹ
ǰɽһתЦ˵⻹ϴԸģԲκˣ


1562 
ζ
ζһƬ΢С
ζ޳ǼȫָܲоϤİ
Ϥǣģɺ͸оһģ˵İʵΪ̫ǿˡ
޳ʶ˵ǰƵ̺ʱҲʵһȻƵеȣ֮ҲҲڶ
Ԫ飬ǲ֪޳Щ˷ܵʵ
ԪЦ˵Ҳǣֻû뵽Ȼǿѡ
޳𶯲ϢԪĻ˵Ҫǿ
ʮ֮ǰһĴڣյʲôˣǿʲôز
޳һͷڸޱȵǿ󣬶ſ϶̺ޱǿ޳ֻԿһѡ
޳ֻǷӱɽһǵţܹʶ˷츲صı仯˵ȫӣֵ̽ز
Сӣ˼룬ȽЩȹס㾡ܵգٽ뵽ԪСԪ
޳Щ֣ʲôʱôˣ޲һȫˡ
Сӣĵ¿ηΣԪһ䣬Сӻ治ʶôڷǳʱڣ޳þǿ᲻ðôȫ͸ء
Ҫ֪ʮ֮ǰԭ֭ԭζǾŨȿɲ仯֮Աġ
оı߻ħˣԪ߷ߵһ䣬ȻǱ뵽ԪУʼ޳ӿڵľ
ƺͱðֻʣǽƵеڿռ
ǲ֪﷢ʲô£ֻͥԺֵضţѾаʱ
󣬻Ȱһʵ磬Ҫһֱҵʲôʱʲô˵
׵ɫһֱģЩѿϸĽԼλܴܵͷβһ飬ֳĬһųʵ˵ղŵô£Ϊʲô
ͱҪλش΢һ˼˵ǰŮ˵Ҫ޳ǸҪԭ¡
˵һ˵ҪǴСӣҸŮŲǸҲ˵ʵȻҵǸˣлǲһСӵǸǶҵ裬һҲˣھȻҪŮҲܣ
һڳž޴ʹ࣬һż˵ˣ˰ɣ
˫һɣҪ˵Щеûģ㣬Ϊʲô
緭ۣû˵ҵŮʲô⣬͸Ϲȥһ£û뵽һһЩʲô˼ڲӦȥֶţԼɱˣһĵܵܣ
ܵܣͻȻЦһĿ͸һ˿ɺ죬Ŀ˵ΪҲ֪ڴʲô⣬磬ҵĵܵܣҶľҷǳ˽⡣ûǲ㱻ԻסΪ޳ǸѾܹеĺ¡֪ҴˣѹûзһУ
ҲЦ˵ôܷһУҺӣ㾹Ȼұǰӣ磬˵λɣ
㲻ýŮҲ޹ģߵ
һ¶ãʲô˼ڻŮҵãôܻҶ̫ʧˣû뵽㾹Ȼҡ
㣿ʵˣڰɿŮôȥ޳ǸĺܣǸ̫߳
ɫһ䣬ͻָﰵ˿绹֪ģҲֻǲ²ĶŮȥ޳ġ
ûŮȥģǹĶǿСӣ޳СۣΪҸŮǺޣԲŮȥģѵҲһжΪ˴㣡
ͻȻЦˣЩʶĿԼλܵܣ˵ڲŷԭ;Ȼ˵㻹ǲԸǰɣ
ˣߵ磬ΪʲôԸˣԸңҿ׵ܵܣŮҵӣѵһẦûǺܺڣýŮ뻢ڣ˭֪޳ǸòȻȻĻŮ֣
Ļ᣿׿Цҡҡͷ˵ҾԲֻ顣ô׾ӵһ֣׳նó޳ҪɱˣԲ˿ҲǸʲô鲻αԾĹ
治ɫ˵Ѿ϶˵ʲô޼˰ɣ㰮ô룬֤ݣȥ˵ͶΡ
ʧޱȵĿԼλܵܣ̽һ£ȴ©ٳԼܵܣ治ģʱַˣȴ߸ôãá
ǰ˵ĲǼٻ֪Ůӣ簵йĴǾԲȥ޳Ǹġ
ҲŮȥģȴȥĿľԲ
ŮΪһɿֻźΣЩܡ
Щʲô취ϣͻȻмͻŻŵֳܽĶüͷȵʲôˣΪ˻ţ
λһ˵ڵϣţһ߿ͷһ߻ػӣγˣ
ô£һ⣬ǳǰȥ޳˰ɣ
ż׺һ޳ҪԽӣǿȥ
Ȼ޳ܣµԼǸƲ⣬Ķ޳֣뵽ѵľأ޳£ײڣұͷƮҡʱҲ볤ͻ
ɿθȥһ·жģǵ߷Χӡʱ˶ɵԭء
ѶҵӺǿǰһĻȫԭأ˵˼һֹͣˡ
ֻǰεΧתʵĹâʹâ̺һ˿ǿʱйɵģһʵĳһΧλһͷεĶ㡣
ʱɢһ޵ĵȫ赲档
֪˭һǽƣĽƣôˣ
߲ϤҵȫŵɫҰףֵĿǰʵ
׻еǰһּâһʽһƣֻôһ£ͱһǿһ³ײϣһӾͽ˳ȥڵϡ
һĻ˶ˣѾﾳĶεʵȴһһ㱻˳ǰǿ˺ֵز
ܣôܣƵ̺ԪؾȻȫ˳˭ɵģλ׷ϵײײֵܳغ
ǰһץסǳϵֳʵϣ⵽ôʲô̺ڽƵеԪôˣ
˵ţЩǵĿʳһ̺ȷʵԪأʱţԴԴϵĳεĵزӿȥ
жʱһһǹ޳ǣǻ᲻£ż˵ϣҪοƣԲ޳ǳ£
ǴȴɫҰףֻʵҡͷ˵û취ˣ˭Ʋס


1563 
ϵĻ׵ĸӷתͷʵλϣ޳Բܳ£ȻҲѣҰҿסƣ
׵ĻʵЩǶף޳ɱˣһʱûҵֱӵ֤ݣҲܽΣǴʱô׵ôǷͻ鷳Ͼ޳ʵС׷߲ĳ£Щ߱ʱҪӦԣ
Ǵȴ߹˵ף㲻ñˣ˭ûа취˿̾㸸ҲǿƲסˡ
ʲôһ˿ţ⵽ôһ£ȷʵ֪εǿĽƣһֱ۶ôǿ߽뵽εж޷ѳȥǾ԰ȫġ
ǣôҲ뵽εеĽгһվȻᱩʱǻԴԴϵӿ뵽εĶ㣬֪浽ôģ޳ǻȫ
żʵʲô취ЩԪرʱǶ꣡
תͷһΣ˼һ˵ǷûУƵϡͳԪȫӿ뵽εУʲôָһҿҪӡ
һ˵Ҳ˵ע⣬̧ͷϸĹ۲һ£ͻȻЩԥ˵ϣǿ龰ʲô
жһҵһֱǣⶫӦա
ҪӦǣ޳Щ˵Сߵƻ֮һоᱻգǰĻ˱㱻ˣҲģɽҲûзŹ
˶ˣҶżҪǰ壬ϸǷŭСӰɣҪʲô
ǲǿҪڵĳӶˣε̺ŵľЩһֱ֪ģ֪Σ᲻ֻܷھȻһλëͷСӽЩȫ˳Ҫոɾ̣
ףǻʲôϿȥֹѽ
׻ЩӦʵ⵽ôһ£ѹˣ̺ŵʵ̫ǿˡ
˵ŻЩȳȥĳѾײϽƱ˻кüѪȥ
һĻʱ˶£վԭز
̾˿Ųûƿڴ׽͵Ƶ̺ʮ֮ǰľǱĲƸԲ˸ˡ
⻰ʱ˵ѪȫҵˣЩԱȫʮ֮ǰľʲô
ֻ֪ЩҲ΢̺ʵģѹѾ㲻󣬶ǰȻ˾˭ܲĶ
һʱ䣬ȫӿһģ˻
֪ǲΪǵľٶ˾쵽ˣյٶԽԽ졣
ȫԭأ㶵ĿЩԪطӿ뵽㡣
˭֪Ѿ˶ã˭ҲƵе̺˶ǿãֻվԭأű˽Щһ˿һƵա
˿ɺ޵ǣȻһ˿һûй¶ҪȡһЩã
ģ˭᲻޳ߵ
Щ޳ȴЩʹ졣ǲˣŮ˵û壬ǵľûееľ޳ǲ޳飬ʱȻҲ޳£и˾޳Ǿ̫ˣ
ʹ죬ȴȫˡ
Ȼ޳ǳǿ󣬵Ҫܹ⾫ϵЩǿʱΪڰееһĿľҪ޳
ߵĶκ˸Ͽסֳ֣ʲô飬׾ԲŹ㣡
ʹǵʱ绹ǻ޳ʱȫ޳׺磬㵽ʲôһжˣһ޳ڰеҪҵҿֹѽҵģƾʲô
Щγѣһż
ϳ˵ûǲ޳ǶҪֹҲһҪѹ
ʼ߶󷨣һϵķ৵һ´ðһӽһİͼ
һͼʱһæ˵ʲôӻὫҲ˵ģ
ϵһ˵ôܹ˺Ϳ޳ҲɱŮף˿ҪеȫգϷԲ鷢
ǣϣҲ˵ֻ׶ѣûֱ֤֤ɱŮǾԲܲǿס֣
ǰԾɱɱһȾҪܵǳǿҡ
ǿҵ˵Ǵݻ٣ǶԾ˵ȴһܹӵ£бͼеһжᱻݻ٣
ǿҲֵ󷨵ĵ޳¡
ŭغ磬㵽ױ޳ʲôԻڲǲɵģǶȱסҵǰһжС£޳þȻ£
ʲô֮£ôǿס֣˵
֪ҵһֻ޳ԲΪ޳ҲԲҳ£ҪȻЩǾԲưոݡ
޳ɱֵĻǻиɡڲûȷ֤ݣĳ£ε
뾡취Ҫֵʱ򣬴εͻȻһŵ
ֲصģϴءǰɽ
˵ôǰɽֲӣֻ뿴ǵ׻ô
û뵽׾Ȼ壬޳ڼоʺϳֻǰɽˡ
⻰һʱ˶һǴˣ޳û¾С
ȴˣЩ𾪹󣬶ʱӦ˹һָεĶ㣬ΡΡ˵ѵգģСӵҪʲô
˭ҵģ
ʱףҲ׻ˣСӻߵƻ
λϲ̲ס޳һ㣬Ǿ
ǵĻûڣΧʵԪͻȻþ
ٶȱǰ˲ֹһھһϯš
ãˣҿֹǴ߶󷨾Ҫѹȥ
ɾͼҪεʱͻȻһ⣬ɲǼ䣬ζʱͬԡڷ֮һɡ
һһӴ৵һ³ӿȥ
˾ϲغӿգһֻںʹԭء
ֻЩǳ߹ģȴ;ͻȻֹͣȻּٵεĶȥ
ǸһͷȴͻȻߣ˵ĶǴõ˵һȻʧ
Щȫζȫգһ˿һûк̼ݣֻһɲǾͱˡ
γ˾ҵĶţԽԽԽԽǿરવģʯͷľĵ
һһʮĹŽȻ
ЩѾˣŭغɱģ޳СӣǸû꣡


1564 Ԫ
ʮĽҵȻ׵ľͱƻˡ
ÿͷڵѪҪ˵ֵܺͳǣЩҵӣҲھҵʹ
ϵĵط˶֪￿áڣȻˣ
ͻȻʶʶ޳ô쵽ģôྫ˿ȫεײ㣬˾Ȼû£׷ʲô飿
ŨŨ£ĸֳǰֻ޳ǱһʵŵУžԪɵġ
ûʣһ㣬˿һ̣òѪ
ֻһŲһ£Ȼû뵽޳ڣ˴ڿˣһ޳գ
ɱСӣǣ⣡ЩӶ˲ˣǰҪ޳ƴ
СӾȻˣһ˿һǣǵθݻˣ⴫ȥԺһ㣿ˡ
䲻α٣ɣǻк
λ԰갡嶯ǧ嶯ǰɽǰסҪĳǣȴЦҪ
ôྫǰιñģȻ϶ֻЩݳѣǻõĺôȴһܹݵġ
붼֪Щʹʲôˣ
ƾͳǰɽ˹ʱֻ޳һˣҪСӽȫ³ҲˣԲʧ
ֻûǰɽͱһɫӰס϶һȻ׾ٵľ˴ϵĹơ
һĻʱ˶ԭأ㿴ҿ㣬ȫһ
Щ˵ʲôͷһһ̬
֪϶ڸղЩƶ֮£ΪѾͻˣֻǰΪ̫ǿңѹסƶѡ
ʱ϶ɢ˵ѹЩȫ
ÿж֣̿ѾͷǰͶ뵽εеʱֻﾳһζѣʱɢѹȻҲĥ͸
ЩϵУΪߵҪϣﾳεľ磬ɾҲ϶ʵΪֻֿܣһ־ΪȻһΪҪԼࡣ
Ȼڵ϶Ǻһ
ʲôľУһ޳Ѿ̬ˣû뵽һʳڵŮ޾ȻҲ
һʱ䣬Ƕع۲ֳ
϶ǱԼˣǿеĽһϿȥɳȶƿشһ㣬ʵϣû֪ʱе
ǰռҵطҵʱ࣬סЩ˼ǣҪȻ治֪Ǻˡ϶вסҡ
ҲҺǰྫԲܹʩչطʵȷʵͻƣҲֻǳ嵽ﾳζѣԶûиղɢѹô
ǣҵȴ֪һЩڼˣȻ˵ʲôվһϸĹ۲޳ķӦ
ҲֻЩֵĿ޳
ô޳ȴûзصı仯Ϣȥǳȶ˿ûĲôҲ֪յȥˡ
޳˿ȴǽеϢȫˣЩľкƵϵҪȥȴѹš
ԪٿԪĵﵱвϵתɢһһѹԪİ£޳ĽЩѹҪȴûôס
ЩǾᴿŨģҪԭ֮յЩԪػҪ̺࣬ҲޱӴҪһ׵顣
ǰ϶Ȼֵ˶٣ʱһãǾͻῴ״ûôʱ
Сɱⶫɲǻ̺ǳǿһŪɾͺĪˣˣ׺ʶУڵŻ˻ûȫһЩӦʱһʰˡԪ쵽޳ͷֹ
֪һһԡ޳˼һ£
֪ЩǳǿŪʶͻᱬըȴһڿţеҪЩʶС
ϸرⲢħʶжĿ統¿һҲһԼ˵
ðɣԼģ㻤ҷģԪүҼԪȥԪ˵
ҲҲӲĳܲסһὫЩȫԪš
СӻǡԪͻȻ֪˵Щʲôã޳ʲôЩ˵׸͸ܲж˵ͷ˱Էֹ
ǽЩȫžʶǣһɴݿơ
ʶڿЩǲŸһŽ߷һ˽ȥ
һɲ֮䣬ֽɫ̫ͻȻһ貵ĹâЩȫסˡ
޳Ԫ鶼˿ǶˣЩ˿һ㣬ǽһգȻȫӿȥ
˹ˣԪ˵ôоǾΪɫ̫׼ģ˵Сӣɵעŵ㣬ôое㲻Ծء
޳ͷûнӻҲЩɻ̫ƺ̫˵㣬ңڵʲôһ
һ룬־ûʲôԾ֮ĺܣǴ˿ҲɲǶ룬Ȼ̫ܹЩ޳ԽеĴ󲿷ֶϵʶУǻһ뵽Ԫ档
ԪжĲӯ˵Сӣ壡㿪ʼɿ
Ԫİæٶȱ࣬ʶ֪ΪʲôЩ֮Ȼֳһַص޳ľС
޳ֻԼĹ죬ڽһַɱ䣬ԭѾǳǿʱЩƶ֮¾Ȼٴν
Ԫ壡ԶЩȳЩʶ㣬һ޳ɵӶҪˡ
תͷʵʲôԪ壿Ԫػܹ壿
ϵͷ˵ûԪȷʵܹ壬ǲһܹܵģҲô˵֮£ǻǵһͿôġ
еѾ޷޳ھȻԪ壬Զħ̫ܰ쵽飡ҪԭǿǣҪһ־ΪԱڵлҪң
޳ȫʹ࣬ܡ
ȷʵ޳ɱ䣬оڽһϴһ㣬嶼ھſ飬ȴһȫµ顣
ľΪ֮ܣΪ֮Ϊ֮
оڷһı仯оԼÿһëÿһϸ
ʹţΪϼãȴϵʹ࣬ʹԭԵģͻȻ֣ƺ͸һЩЩִһȫȴֻʣһ־ϵĸο
ûָо޳źҪ׷ĸоľܣ˿·оԼڲ֮ϣŹأһжƿصС
ּԦһ֮ϵĸо
ħͻȻԪһȻವһ´Ԫг޳ʶȥ
үүģҾ֪Ծ


1565 ħŰ
Ԫٶȷǳ죬ֻһ¾ͳ뵽޳ʶУȴ档
漱ô󺰣Сӣ򿪣ȶʲôҪ룬Щȫƭ˵ģѹͲܾ쵽ǿϿ
˰죬ʶûʲôʱŻգȫ޳Ľ
Ѿо޳Ĳ
ģȫħסˣԪҧгݣԼˣͲҲ飬Ǳ޳еħлɳˣ
Сӣõ˵СӣԪ鲻ϵĴ߶Ҫ忪޳ʶǴ˿̣Щ޳յԪȫ赲ſڣѹ岻ȥ
ģӶģԪһܣ޳ڵħԽԽأѾҪӰ쵽塣
һҧˣܱ߻ħǿ
˵ţһǿ˫ַɿǰŷӡǣһϵַشָð
Щַų֣ɢһɲãϢ͵ѹԪɫأȫγһŹӵͼ
СӣһҪסԪһȻžһ½ͼʶȥٵ󣡡
䣡һӴʶڿʼһ³ɢ
Ԫһûע⣬ǿһӻУһ¾ͷ˳ȥ
үүģԪŭһû뵽ȻǿĿٵȻûܽ𿪡
ǣ洫ȴǾŵ޳ԭаܵУȴͻȻһ𶯣͵ľ˹
תͷһܣﾹȻ̺һ˿ħʱħڲϵҪļ
ʱһ亹ĺգǸղ˿𶯣Ҫ߻ħˣæ֪һ£Ԫʶ֮
ʱ˹Ԫ˵л
Ԫһ㶣ȻЦ˵ͺãղǵˡ
Ҵˡ޳˵ȻҲҷȫڵ
ղžΪЩӿеɲǼʧأܹƻǣɴ
Ǹĸоˣ̫ΪҪЩٴעľУΪ
ڣʣõ𰸣ٴ⡣ȫʼе
ĿƣЩԪؽİڵħʧ֮ʶҲƽЩڵȥֳһڵľ
ʱ޳ʶ֮ԽԽŨֽɫ̫Ҳɢ貵Ĺâ
ʱʱһ㣬յգŵµ
ʱ̣Ѿûתѣһۿͷǿλε۵̫һתͷһܣǾ°ͶҪˡ
˯мˣطô仯֮죬Ҫ˰ɣ૵ĵ
Ԫವһ¾˽ȥЦ˵ꣿŲʮѣôҲǴʮ֮ǰ֣ôôǳ
ʲôʮ죿ȫԪԼĳЦֻǼ֣Ȼֻʮ죬ⲻǿЦɣде磬ȫڳһ
ôܡ͵ҡͷȻԸš
˵СӸұ죬СԪǰһӣ׺ݵ˵ٸҳµģҽ㶪Ԫ
Ԫֻ󶦣ԭԪעת˹ϸĽԪһ£ǰûշʱȷʵӦԪֻ󶦵ĴڣҲֻǴҴһƳûƸ
ʱǰֵ壬ʱΧתȦ
Ԫǳϲ񿴹һԼʲô㰲û𣿡
ͣ¶ޱȵ˵ˣǰɷҲʮ֮ǰġ
֪һﵽʲô˵Ƕָо񣬿ɲһ壬Ҳ֪ʲô
ԪĵͷǺȤӣǰ˵ʮ֮ǰģǲǵΪʲô±ǵصµģ
һ˿ã뵽ʹĻ䵱Уã˵Щӡ󣬵ʲôʵ飬ԼǵҲǷǳˡ
Ԫһǣ˵ٷϻ˵
ͷ˼ôô³ԱһоԼѾ㹻ˣԪǰһСһָоЩǰ²òͷ
ֻĻʱȷʵǵòˣԼĸоʱغ˾޴ı仯÷츲˵ҲΪڵһطǷ˵ߵҶ뵽ǵܶС֮ҾͲ֪ˣ֮ҲҪȴڵȫˣЩòû뵽Ȼ㡣
˵ޱȣЩװ׵ı޳֪ʮ갡
Ԫȴʵ˵ʱط˵ߵ𣿡
ǵģһҺΪʲôֱᷢ仯ҾͲ֪ˡ˵
ԭж޳ЩֿǰʶǿһĻͻȻ׷ƺǸ⣬вûж֪Ķ˵˳
֪һˣֽģԪʵЩѾֹһĵʮֺ档
ĻȴͻȻûɫŵһӹڵأ߶µ˵ôˣһɣ
Ԫɫһϲʵ֪˵˵˭
ǻȴ߶µڵʲô˵ˣ·ֻҪһǸ˵֣ͻ֮ܵһ
ԪƵǰһǣѵôСҲҳʮˣҲúǿЦ˵˭˵ӽ㣡
˵үͲܷŹʵǲἰѽ˵
Ҳᣬֲû˵˭ʯ׵еŮӣʲôϵ
Ƶ˵ʲôϵô֪ȷʵ˵Ҳֻ˵ѣǵʱǸףӵз츲صҲںһЩ飬ʱԭǺúõģȻҲһЩǱڵı仯ҪȴǲܵģȷʵˣһеģǸĻ˭
˵ʱ磿Ԫɫһʵ
ҲֻƲѣ벻еڶˡǿеս˵
Ӧò޳ͻȻ˹ᶨޱȵ˵
̧ͷһ˵ô˿϶ֲʶ
޳ʯ׵еŮӣеģԼЩʮǰĴʱֵӣ˵ֱҵֱңӦò
ʲô˵ֱܸܲҵ˭ǳ֣֮
Ԫһ˵ʲô֮ѵֻһ˾ܹ쵽ģ㿪ʲôЦΪǳصģصķ˾Ҳܻء
޳ͷ˵˶ʤȷʵûҲǽ˳ӦȻ֮£綼ˣʲô˶ʤ˵
Ҳֿܹܰ˵ȻҲһ˾ȻܹǿĿɵ𺳣Ѿٹ̡
޳һ£תͷԪ˵ǳŪףҽȫ֮½ǵ翴һ
ԪЦ˵ⲻǵ֮ǻΰ˾ɡ


1566 ׳
һˮ͸޳ҲЩΣ˻ӱܲã˹ݺ
ҵ˻ʥŮȥ˵һصĴ˲ܳĿģҪһ˵ȻѡʵʥŮ
޳Ȼп϶Ѳ˸ϵȴûֱӵ֤ݡ
ʱУھеڲϵ壬ԽԽǿɢһɹǿ𶯡
ԶЩ˿ľУÿ˶Ҫʵȴ̲סĵˡ
ʵֲ̫ˣԪеǵһ˵ȴܵĿֲ֮ɢǸôԶȻܹӰ쵽ǣÿ˶ҪϷ
ϣǻڵʲôڲȥסСӣʱɹ˭Ķ֣ۼ޳ڵԽԽǿ̲סżغ
Ƴһۣ˺˭Ҵǳ֮Σ֮ˣ˭¶ֻ׾Բ
Щĳ׵ĻŵòٶȻ˵֮ʱ͵Ϯȥɲʲôʵ顣
ߵ˵ѵǿȫȵ𣿡
ѪˣҼϴŲˣŮϴҲǲ⣬ǲû֤֤ɱģһ˵ɱأҪȻôôʹ˸Ϲˣǰɽߵ˵Ϳλү˳ˣ˿ﻹ̵ˣϴڵϢѾǳȶҪ˶þܴ״̬лָ
ǰǾʱ϶ӦҲֵܹסһӡ
ѪˣҵԼã޳ޣչȥҪѵҲдֻȥĲ磬ɱã˵ۿͨ͸¶һ޾ıˡ
ǰɽЦһ˵ȷʵò磬ôأҪ磬˶ûأʲô
λֵô˵ģǲ˷𣿡ǰɽĻɫһ˵
ǰɽǰһͦزм˵ôֺ˵ؾ͹صģ
û֮ɷûǷЩӸǴʱڿվΪ޳˵
Щһ쵱һȻ£ҲСҾҪʲôҲõŵ㡣
Ҳ׵ǵģ޳ҲĵҪ޳ƽɹ˽٣ܹͻȻõġ
ǰ˵԰꣬һ˵ԲֵܵģպϿҵĵǸ
Щ˼Ҵվ˵ƽȥǽɿףһֱڰ޳ģ֪λ¹䣬жӡ󶼲
ǰɽǰһ˵׹Ӳ˿˵£ǵĴǸԸܷеҲԲᵣģҼϴУҶʱ䣬ȵϴϣȻһ˵
ãҴӦ׵ͷ˵
ƾʲôӦͬҵͬ𣿡ǰҲͬ⣬ھҪɱΪñ𡣡
˵ţˢһ޳˹
޳ܣǰɽһ䣬ˢһͳĵϾҪ赲ȴͻȻһ
޳д˵
ǰɽһ£ʶӦѾͣæնķâԱһܡ
һֱӸһֱֱͨس޳˹
һϲЩƲǰɽ˵ôʵҲһ̰֮ͽ
߸ߵľеĳɫâĽϲϵıǣˢһγһƥһɴݿ֮Ƴ޳ն
ԶЩۿжʱһѺ˾ˮݣû뵽Ȼּܹ˵Ԫظںϳ״̬ʵܿɹ󣡡
ҲⲻѣĶžǰȻ޳ǺΪʧǾЩĲиŬָ˰˳ɣˮݾ
ԭҪԪںϾͲһ׵飬֮Ĳûж٣ҲǿԪűģ粢ûôɫҲŵϵġ
οּ˵ԪأںˮԭƲģȴںһγһܹȷʵǳ
ǰʲô粻ŵĿԼеĳںڽӴ޳ʱ򣬱ٵڵˡ
һæ˻ĺȵ㾹Ȼҵˣ
ԭԱΪ޳ĵЩԶʱ˿޳ǹģֱӽֵˣ⻹ô
ǰɽԱֻ˵ѽһҼϴ󣬶ơ
㣡࣬аٴδ߶һʮɵȫע뵽˽ϣǵɫƥȻʼٴںγһɰɫ
ԶҵĳǿһĻ鲻Խĵͷһ˿
˵ȻԻԪΪܽԪںϵ⾳磬ʵ˾ȡ
ں֮Ӧ͸ɫģЩԪرıԴ֮ȴΪǼɵ
ܹںϳɴɫʵԪ֮ҲѾģ㣬һֱޱȡ
һ̣Щȫ㶵ĿǰһĻֻһڽӽ޳ʱһαˡ
ٴαˣ˾˶ʹۣ´һ˿һı仯
𾪵Ī磬֪Լһ̺ĺ壬ȫݷȥˣٳӣԪصںһΣȻرľҲѾǳĲˡ
ǰٴαˣڽӴ޳ʱʼתЩһֽ뵽޳һְΧ
ģЩںϳɰɫʼĵ˾ֵĿ⵱УԽԽγ󣬳͸ɫ
ģгȫǿʲôǾȻںϣ
ôܣֻ۵һֻʵضеŵҡͷ
ⲻܣԲܣԼ۾ǰӴȴʵʵڵظһжģ޳ĽԪںˣ
ʵҪ˵ǣ޳ԼҲޱȣԭǼ£б߼ںϡ
һ˿ǵɫȷʵôǾڸղĳڵӿһ̣ͻȻһ
ǴһΡĴţڵԪȫתȻʼٵںϡ
һںϣһμ˵飬᲻޳һϦ֮ܵľ޴ѹһ̣о궼Ҫˡ
ҧӲǳסˣҲһ̵ģõЩԪطںϣȻ໥ʣóγ͸
޳˿һգվ¶һЦ˵л
㣡ͻȻѪ˫Ŀͨ죬ŭĵ޳˵ܣҾԲţôܴﵽںϣһжǻþǻþ
磡׼״ɹȥҪסСһʱܲס߻ħˣ
ûӽͱͻȻһħˡ
ͷϣɢһɺ쳤Х⵽ΪʲôΪʲôǲɱƭˣ㶼ƭҵģ


1567 
磬㵽˵ʲô׳ǰһץסֳʵ
˵ҹŮȥ޳Ȼݺ޳ôô˵𣿡ݺݵ˵
𣿡̧žһ¾ʹϣŭ㷢ʲô裿֪ղ˵ʲô𣿡
类һƴһһ£еѪȥһ˿ԭأ˺ðŷӦԼʲô
ͻȻסͷʹĺһתͷͷ޳ŭ˵㣬һղԻҵ־
޳ǰһ˵񣬵Ҳֻ˵ʵѡ
㡭Ļǿޣܹ׾ٵؿ˵˼ά˵ķȥ£ղһҵģ磬㲻Ҫ
ɫĿ˵Ǹղ޳ȴûʲôֻһ˲־ѣ˵ʵ顣
ⲻģƭˣŵ˵תͷֿЩ˵϶Ǳ޳˵ҶǱţɼţȫģ
Խô˵ЩǵɫԽѿǿѾûĳ磬ȡ֮Įͷߺޡ
ǰһŭ˵ã㾹Ȼ˺ݵ֣ı㣡
ⲻģ˵һж޳ıʹغԲԳϣһϣľֻ·һ
㵽ڻҳϣ˵ûղ޳ѹûп˵ʲôֻһʱʧǶѣʲô˵ˡʹϧ˵ҲЩΪ߸ղſĿ֪ڳĸλҲһЩ˽ղŵһпװףǣôһ£Ҷ֪
ѾһжˣھҲˡ
ǶƻˣǾȻ˶ң׸ʲôôŭغ
˻ִԲ򣡡ɫһָһһɵˢһ½˸ʵʵӵ޳ǰ˵֣㴦ãҪɱҪϤ㡣
磬㲻ңŮѾˣѾΨһֵˣ㲻ɱңֻʵ˵֪һԾŶĺˡ
޳һֱɫƽĿһУķӦһ㶼ȣѾ֪һжڱ󵷹ֻץǸ˶ѡ
ǰǹȻþԵʧ֮˵ʵ顣
ڣӸµĿŹڵϵӣ˵Ҫϼ꣬ǴʱȴСͬһֻһ
ţ˫Ŀ͸һ˿֡޳˼һʱƴһѡ
ǰһ˵˵˭ָʹģҵݺҿԼ̡
ûָʹңʲôӾֵĻĸˣֻ۾ʧسһʲôͻȻȡһ
׵ɫѾͬһǰžһһƣղŶѾˣ˭ָʹģǣǸ˭
û˭˭ûУһжԼģӵľͻȻһ´ӵϴ޳ͳ˹ȥ
͸һ˿ȥغ޳Ҫͬھ
ڸģһæҪȥס޳ĶҪһ
ôǣ޳ʱȻˣϵ৵һʩչֱӽС
Ѿںϳ͸ɫһӽ糹ͷβסͬһǳһ㣬ʱѣ粽С
šҡʹغ
޳ȴһ㶼ûĴɢѹԽԽǿһһ͸УʵĹâ
һâԪɣֻ͸γһż̵ķ
ҵҪȥȣȴȫ
ҲЩżϾΨһֵܣ֮黹ڣôĿԼĵܵǰ
Ҳ˵ƾ޳ãʱҲǿоˡ
硭ȡҡѵתͷȣʱھ޴ѹ֮ѾѪȥֲ
׽ץԼȭͷڲ飬ϣ޳ɱ֡
޳ȷʵûɱ֣ҪȻʱѾ˲֪ٱˣȴ˿ûҪֵļ󣬵ڹĥһ
ѹԽԽǿЩ߶̲סȥ󣬴ʱеļ尾
ڳŲסʹĺ
Ҳżˣ纰Ļ˵Ļ֮ˣ
ҡҡʹͣʱҪ˵Ѿѡ޳״ҪɿһЩЩ߹磬ôһͳŲסˣټѹȥֱӱɷˡ
֪ʱе뷨ȻƵѪǲ֪Ԫں֮ӴԪصںϣԪصںϡ
ںϣܹñǿ˰ܣοԪص
ɾ޳Ҫ˵ʱԶͻȻһƿ죬һЩżĺ飡
޳ɫһĿ৵һ¾ͳķȥ
ҵ˴ʱȴӲϵıӱתϲ
׵һӦתͷ৵һ¾ͳӭ˹ȥ˵غף
˶һû뵽Ȼˣ
Ķǳ죬תۼѾ޳ǰأ͸һ˿κϧ޳˵Сֵ飬Ȯһ
ףѵתͷứˣڸղһ̣ܵϢ
Ҳһӣ׳ųӣ̵޳һֱѹѹߣľ׵ıеĿ־Ѿĳ֣ʱһ޲ֱ˽Ļʹޡ
Щɸֵĵ˶һۣתͷ޳˵ҽ޷ͽСֵҪͷĻͷҰɡ
˵ʲôżǰ
̾˿˵ˣǰΪһֱæڽص飬˶ӵḶ́ܽɽյĴ󡣡ţĵʹȴȾŴҵ
УŮѾˣҪĿСȥĸ׵ܹģ˶ĳҲģһʱ֮ͻȻֵЩˡ
˿ȻǸ˵ģҶվһԣĹѾˣҵҲ
޳žһɿ磬˵޳ҲΪѶүֻΣ뿴ǲĻʹѡ
˽⣬ҲŻˣŵùңͽңҶȻһĴ𸴡ҲɱԼŮ飬ҶȻ˵ʱɫ৵һ³ѹɢγһǿѹȸС
֮ʱжôߣҲһǿߣ
Ļǰ͵Ҳ֪ղˣȻҲΣǶӿԱ֤һп϶޹ء
ĿԼһۣòŻĵͷ˵Ϊ֪飬ͽȥɣһҪˮʯ
˵̧ۿһ޳ǱΣȴʲôû˵ת˵ʱһɣлȥЪϢ
˵ţһΣʧԭأǼ״Ҳ׷˹ȥںЩǸĶ޳Цһ£Ҳ˹ȥʱʶ


1568 
ⶼʲô°ȵȥ֮ǰɽ̲ס
޳ȥķɫЩȻŻԭص˵Ҷɢȥɣһζлҡ
˵ҵɢȥ
ȵȥ֮޳˱صǰѾйЩ£ŮǼǻȥûбֳκ״ǹԼְ
ˣ޳ǰɽ϶ڷϸ̸
ϴûзֵ̫ʱˣǰɽСʵ
޳ͷ˵ȷʵҸղڱǱ֮˳֣û뵽Ȼ֡
ǰɽʵ˵Ǳ֮ǡ
޳ҡͷ˵ĿǰȷӦЩϵ
϶С͵ͨģߵ˵Ҳ̫ˣʳӣôԡ
Ȼ֪ǿʳûмֲп飬һʱ֮Щܲˡ
޳תͷο黹ûףҾͲҪˣӦӦԣȥӦûиҪҪˡ
ǰɽ˷ܵʵϴ˵ǻôԸǣղŷûεˣȴûжķӦ֪һ
Ҳˣ޳ͷ˵ЩǵķӳЩ˵ǳҪΪҵ侹ȻŲʣȷʵЩ˷ѽ⡣
ˣҲЩˣһҲøҵ˶Ҫʹ˰ɡǰɽֻ˵
޳Цſһ˵ЩúúסʱҪо˼룬߻ħ
ǰͲ߻ħЩʮݻбȻ̺಻أȻҲԼʶе̫ĹǣֿԲǺܴԸЩб̺ŵĶʹ񲨶
ǰɽһ˵飬ͷ˵֪ˡ
˵϶ΪչȥͰ͵ʵչΪףʲô̶ˣ˵ԺĽĽ
ˣ˱˱ˣҲˣֻҪи̼һ£Ҳ÷ͼǿ
϶Щ˼˵Ҳûͻʲôֻﾳγ׶ѡ
ǰɢƣǰɽʵǰܵ˴϶ɢǿѹǿɲǼٵġ
϶Ӳ˼С˵ռҵط˶ʱ֮ɢǿơ
ǰɽһ˾ʵʲôطɷҲһУΣˣҲó˰
϶ЩΪѵ˵ǿԽ㣬ط
ʲô˵˵ǰɽͰ͵ʵ޳ԱζؿˣĬ˵
϶˵طȵǿȻǲ֧ӴƵģЩԲܹ߷
ǵڶأǰɽȵʵһŲģϴеǣҲڴһЩ
ڶǡ϶ԥһ˵ڶܹסǿ
ǰɽһɫʱƵ˵ǲ˵˸û˵ڵֻܹסﾳһεҪȻѾͻˡ
ˣʲôطõġ
ͬʱѾ϶޳Ϊһ࣬Ǳ̬
ǰ˵Ϸƾﾳ֮ϣⲻ˵ȫеﾳεʵֻΪѡ
ʵ̫̬ˣǰɽզ죬ƵԸӡ
Ȼ˱˱ˣ
޳ЦĿǣ֪һվǰɽļ˵ҪģһҲܹǸ߶ȡʱ䣬Ⱥúɡ
ǰɽ˵ԼķǱȥھһǶǰͷˣٲûˡ
϶״Ҳٴ޳Լ䣬ߺ޳ϣǰһС
жĹϵ޳ţǸûйϵǾԲŵģְʲôɫǲ֪ˡ
ǰڵʱǷ£׺ǰȻսһҲõ׺ѹס
̽뵽ԼʶУ鿴һ׺ڻԵУϢѾǰ࣬ʶеЩ֮ÿ
ûŷģֻСʲôʱǸδ֪
ҲˣͷȻֱܿǻһжˣȿǰЩ֮Щ仯Ԫ˵
޳ͷȻԼֲһ潫һ
ľУԭЩЩϸ΢Ķ֮ȻȫͨˣľȻǰҪ̺ʵһ࣡
ÿһѪܹɢһ˿ǿľ塣
ͭǽڡͻȻĸ֣𺳲Ҳͭǽڣϸĸһ£ѾԶǽǮܱ⡣
ھǱ߳ȼԴ򣬵ƾǿȣҲ׾ٵˣ
Сӣ㻹Ǻû뵽ľȻħ֮壡ԪҲЩ˷ܵ˵
ħ֮壿
ûǰֻ˵ʱʲôȴʵʵڵħ֮壬ǵǿѾȫͬһȼ⻹ǿϲɺء
޳𾪲ѣܹᵽǿǲ˵Զʱڵħһ࣬Ҳǿ壿
޳ͻȻһŹֵͷʵ˵ÿһħǿ壬ǸرĲǿǣ
Ԫһ£Ц˵һ㲻Ҵ㣬ڵֻǸͨħһѣˣ֮Ҳûκһ˵ܹȡ
޳¶һεЦݣ֪ν죬ˣûֹģʹǷǳǿɲġ
Ԫ黹ΪˣοҲԷƱˣܹﵽ̶ֳѾǳ˲ˣϾѾܸʮ֮ǰȣ֪ɡ
޳Цŵͷ˵Ҳûв֪㣬ֻЩźһܹǿĴھͺˡ
Ԫֹһ˵ǿĴʲôõģʱ˼һָͷܹ㡣
޳ȴһ˿ᶨ˵ʱ˭ʤ˭һ
ԪһͻȻһԪڣ˵С־Ԫү֧㣡ЩħѾˣҵǡ
˵űĴЦ޳һҲЦȻˡ
޳ָһ£ǵǿ֮⣬ʶҲ˸ӽһı仯̫ԽԽԽԽů֮ҲԽԽŨռдУɢŲ
ֲ˼޳նƤĴ
Ϊ޳ģƤ޳ǩ˱Ч޳һ仯޳ЩЦá
֮ȥ鿴һǿ¹ŵصдʯףʯױ޳ԪУ˿Ѿָƽ޳ϸĲ鿴һ£ֲûܹʯףҲ֪ǰΪʲôͻȻ
Ԫʯ׵ʱȻ쳣ĳĬʲô£޳һ£ĬĬؽеȥ
ȵڶ죬ǲŵõҴϢǹȥһۣ˵Ҫ½뵽ȥȽء
ˣ޳֪ķ˾޴ıʡ
һν飬˿¡
ǰɽԱ߸̣Ȼϵ뽫ɻȥ
޳֪ѾʲϢҲһȥ˿ĵģνǵ硣


1569 
»ͨѾ˿̲ƣҵĶطܹ´򿪡ع飬ЩƵĴܹ֮ͨĵĴӵܿٵæµ
һӵḶ́ʮ죬ͨ´򿪡
̫ˣ˿ǴӵصðĻ޲˷ܣԾԾԣҪһ硣
ȴ˵ˣѾôһСľͻƬռĶʱǻǳıˣȥֻλܳǰУѡˣֵǱҲѡһȥɡ
޳֪Է飬ԭʹ˶෴£ǰɽ϶ǰУȫ˵Ż
ϴΪβһЩȥǰɽСʵ
޳дδ֪Ҳܶչ˵ĵ˶෴¡
ǰɽг˳ﰵµʱ򲻵ǻ⣬Ѳ⣬֪ʲô¡
ǲصģҸ׺ڣǳ¡ǿǰɽ룬ǰ˵
޳֮һЦǸ˼޳Ҳû䵽Ҫ˱ľء
һֱڰй۲޳ǵķӦЦ˵ҶİɣȻգбڶȻôҳ£ֻҪҶһġ
˵һʱһ޴ʯͷһͷ
Щ޳ڵǶʱЩżĿ޳ǵǡ
޳ǵݹȥһĵתȽ뵽ͨ
ͨ´֮ͨ󣬱ñԭխֻ࣬һͨ޳ǰ棬϶ǰɽ֮֮ҵļλϣҲڴ֮С
򶼱棬ǵ´Ϣ
°ɣôоô̤ʵأ˿޳ʧͨľͷЩǵ˵
Ӧò°ɣʵôǿ˵ǰ·ҲͻȻֵһϲſסģӦҲʲôŶԡ˳˵
˷׷׸ͣǵǳһ޳ܹƽǵԺȻࡣ
µЩǵĻж˲мؿҲ¶ˣɢȥˣֻһСڣһЩȥһڣ˷ֹȷؽ
޳ǾֱͨȥͨǶխ֮ͨ󣬱ֱÿǵһʱ򣬲ûзĸı䡣
˵ûиıҲȫȻ޳ϸĹ۲һ£̺ĻԪرԭȸӵϡƬ𺣵Ҳ
ѵЩԪصԵʣ޳Щȷתͷǰɽ϶ǿиܵƬ𺣵еϢԭࣿ
ǰɽ϶˫˫ͷ˵ȷʵеر󡣡
޳΢΢Щ죬ܵȷʵԶ϶ȴ˵Ǻܴ󣬿ΪǰЩԪأ˾޴ı仯
ħȻǳǿ޳𺳲
й۲쵽޳ǵı飬ϸ޳仯ķӦ΢΢˳غħҵҪ嵽ǿ˺ֵزЩɲôյġ
΢΢˿ǰ׷޳˵ǰб仯Ǳͷɡ
޳ûзԣصͷǰɽ϶˵棬վһֱǰȥ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿĸ׵ӰԶȥ޳ǽϣͷȴǧͷץסһص㡣
֮ǰò֮ǰͻȻϮǵԭ򣬿Դӵһ׺ڳϽһ䣬˵Լ֮󣬱Ҳû˵еһֱô졣
ÿһʵͻὫ⳶ϾԼĸףҲҴ󲻾ȥǸоһƺЩһˡ
޳˵λСġ
ȷʵЩģԻǰ޳һΪá
޳һ£ȻתͷصĶ׵ͷС˵û£ǻעġ
Ҳصصͷ˱һԵĳǰȥ
ܿ˵Ǹطվ۲ãͻȻתͷ޳ʵǻǱշˣ
޳ͷûû
ɷһͻȻôһҪôҶһ
ΣǰЩͬ˵ƺЩˡ
ǲ֪Ѿ޳շķ£˿ֲ޳һųֻɾ޴ѡ
ȴޱһۣתͷĿ޳ֵǲ𣿡
޳ν˵ϾǰԸȻԸҲǿ󡣡
˵ţ㵱Ŵҵʻ֪ǰɷԸһۣ
һ̱һˬ𣺡ֲǺӣ˵ͿӲˣĴȥӡ
Ц޳ʶУòֺȥɡ
֪ԪŷҪϳȥأ̫ʶеţһȥǾͲٻˣԼ
Ļʱɫһڣ޳ûʼ˵ȻǰԸ⣬޳ҲǿлᣬȻġ
ɫͻȻһ䣬ָֻǰĺͷ㣬Ц˵ްǰǱǷѣǼǰ߰ɡ
ֻʱĿӹ޳ʶ΢ͶϤһ˿ɱȣǰͷǴ޳ʶдġ
ʶЩ𾪣û뵽޳ȻҽͷԼʶУ֪ģ޳ȻܹԼʶУʶѵ볣죿
ΪһߵʶʵȶԷǿܹ࣬Է뵽ԼʶнҪȻǾԲӺöԷʶеġ
˲ûע⵽ϸڣһ˼ǰߡͨǸ޴ĶѨ֮ر㲻Զˡ
ǽ뵽ͨУ޳ǵǰԶһڣһͨ£һͨϣ֮ǰߵͨһ
ֻǰһξ֮ܵϢȴͻȻЩ޳͵һǰɽ϶˵Ͽס壬ǰֱˣ
ûҿ壡ҲͻȻͣתͷ˵ǰͻȻˣ
ʲôͷ͵һʲôǻ޴Ŀռ©ѽʱǡ
ߣ޳˫üһǰȥĶҪһֻһ뵽ǰƬյС
ʱǰƬشѾˣһȥ棬ڵٵ
ףɫһ䣬żǰ
ҪΣգͬʱڵͬĺһӿҪռ©
޳һ㶣û뵽ȻƬռйŹ֣ǰвһɾ޴Ȼǿ󣬵ҲͲסⰵգ߷٣㱻ն٣
Ұæ޳˵ţ߷ǰƬռȥ
εĿסȻ֣ռ䵱оȻһ޴©ǹǴ©гģ


1570 ͻ
޳ǰɽʹһɫ⣬޳㽫ȫһ³©ȥ
̺ǧٵǳĿ٣Ʋ谭һ±ǲڣͬһһεĶסڡ
ôһסյش֮㲻ܹٱգŨ
л׶޳мĵͷһռ
ܵϢıȶҵЭƬռܿͱ
ˣ˲˿һģ໥һֽۣٺĸо
ǰȻûз޴ıʣȴʵաǼʱϵ﷢©ҪȻһƬ©Ƭռ䶼ᶯʱҪˡ
˵ôͻȻֿռ©һλҵĳЩƵʵ
˭֪أԭʹֿռ©ҲǼпܵġ
һСΪӿ춯ǰɣҿﲻȫϳһ˵
һ̣ǵɫȴһ䣬ֵǵĿ
ֻʱϢǳĲȣȻǰЩˡ
ˣԭϾˣղĹ󡭡ɫѿ˵
˵˫ǰһһɫĹâһವһ³ȥ
ʱͬһ޴©ƴţһӾͽյĸɸɾ
ҵЩǼ״Լڵ͹ȥ
ɼʹǵҲյģʱһ޴©һϵؿĲ䡣
Щѵ˵ǿס֣ҵǸ޵׶ˡ
УټȥҪٵģǾԲܼȣϵͺһڵȫԥĳڴȥ
Ȼ֮ǰľٶûģŷĽͣǱϾǵĹǣΪҵĳϲܷβܣǷ׷жҲûԥĽԼ͹ȥ
ǼЧ΢еɲܹ󣬽أܵĿȻֿʼ
ˣ˿һռ©һܵǰɽɫһתͷ޳˵ϴô죿
޳һ˲˲ع۲ǰɽ˵ûʱһռ©һΧγһƬСյشٲֹҪصղŵĸޡ
ڲΧҲ״Щĵؿܣ䷢չȥô߿ռֻ뵽ǰĲС
޳һ£ɿϣֱֱس˹ȥ
޳Ҫʲô˴󾪣żʵ
ǰɽǰһס˵Ƿİɣϴ󲻻Ầġ
޳ûлشǵĻʱֻһ뷨ǾҪֹϸع۲һ£ǳϡ٣˾޴ĿգҪֹһУֻܹڵĿ
СӣɵˣһǺ¡ԪͻȻ˵ӽ뵽֮Ԫһֱûгʱ̲סǵ˵
޳شѾ£ΥֶҵΣȲô࣬Ⱦ˵
ȷʵǿͬղסܵĿռ©׵ĿôһǲΪѣԼ˸Ҳֳ֮Σ顣
ڻûȫˢһ°סͷҲصĶ˵Ҷְͣɣ㹻
׸жѣ޳ȭһ˵л֡
ǷЩȫ𾪲ѣһ־˾Ϊ֮һ
ۼ⣬Ǵɫ֣ϲغԪһ֣ͬȻûܵĻԪ⣬ʵ̫ˣ
طֻоĻԪأҷǳİԵԵԪһ֣ͻγɾҵĲǴʱЩԪⴿɫԪ֮󣬾Ȼһ㷴ӦûУǷԱ߿ȥ
ѵںϵ𣿡ԪشʱȻɢֲͬϢǵɫȴѾһţγһ͸ɫ͸ɫǳǿȫѹܵĻԪء
ǵ̺žڵĿ˲õ˲̲ס̾һȴҲ𾪲С
ԭõ޳յνƵеû뵽޳ľȻں֮ʵ֮ϲ
һֻ֪һڵϢıǿ󣬶޳ɫȴЩ԰ôȥ˵ǻЩӰġ
ǰɽżȥ˵ϴ˰ɣȥʲôʱǸͷˡ
Ҳ˵ҿҲѾˣ׵ϢѾȶְɡ
޳۲һѾûд󰭣㽫ЩջʱкôһŰɫΧ
ǻջأȴ˵ɷи㣬Щңȵȥ֮ĳ黹
ǰɽȫɴۣŵؿϼһﻹ˵óڼȣҲл𣿴ʱط֣Ҫʱ򣬵ȵȥٻʲôã
ҲüͷԼĸȷʵЩԾԲҪתͷ޳ǸЦһ£˵޳ȴҡҡͷ
̧ͷ˵Ҳãػÿػ
˵űһŽ⣬ЩɫԼնϣ˻ϢЩôЩѣΡ
ûйıʾǿʼٵЩһʱܶ뵽˳ĬУžһƬ
϶ȭͷһ˲˲Ķ΢΢ţЩˣϼһʵ̫ûˣȻүҪⲻǳû
Ȼᷴ޳һоţǷδüЩ͸޳Ȼ֪ûҲûоںϣ޳˵жİ
ǰɽҲòˣ޳ѾӦ˼ңҲ˵ʲô
ϴҪҪ߹ȥ޳
޳ҡҡͷõģϢȻЩңڶӰ죬Ϣһûˡ
ǣյٶȱĻҪ죬һѾϣҲǰǿ࣬߹޳Ц˵лСֵܿС
Ļһ㶼им֮ġǰɽֹ˵ûʱһ߸ϵģ̬Ҳǰ߰࣬˿źܲ
ץʱǰɡ޳νЦ¡
ûץʱ䣬ؾǰˣߡ˵űǰȥûþǲ·ڡ
һͨ£֪һͨϷŽأͻȻתͷ޳ʵ֪Сֵܶͨĸо
޳üƵʵĸо
ͷûÿαʱܸоһϸ־첻Ǳǿ˵СֵܵѾתףԭܻһЩ״
޳Ǳ̽ͨ̽ȥȻ˵ȷʵͨӦһЩĲתͷ˵Լķ֣ȴͻȻһ޴
һڴ˷Ӧ־ƳһƣĻҪǿһӽ˶סȻصһƣȻʧȥĵĳͨȥ
ϴ󣡡
ү
ǰɽ϶һ붼δ˹ȥǶһ̣ԱһɭȻôͰһѣһȥɣ


1571 ¶ϲ
ģ㲻úǰɽֻüôһ䣬϶һ¶ϲͨȥ޳Ѿ֪ȥͨһɾ޴һӽǹסǷɿ׹䡣
ףΪʲôҪô׳嵽ͨڣȴһɾ޴סݺݵһ˦ص˻ȥ
ףΪʲôҪ޳ǣߵĵⲻĸףʱܹȥƴˡ
һֵ޳عͷǵͨҪ߹ȥ
ȴ˵ǰһҾ뿪
ףôܵһԭɣ޳ĹͣмӺҪЩսֵǽ
ɫǳޱȵ˵ΪôȻΪĵҲڣǲԼ˭ˣ
ɫһ˵ҲӣֻȷʵУҪȥ־
һм˵¶ϲȥ޻أҪȥȥΪ㣬Ҿ͵ûӣ
ɫ䣬ȥ޻أ޳׶༪٣żˣתͷ˵׽޳Ⱦɣʲô鵱˵ˣΥӢΪ
Ϊ˵Ǹղѵû޳ռԪصƿ֮ʣһǽ˶
µĶҵˣĻЩȻжֻһǱż
ײ˵ʲôţ޳ǵʲô飬øݲǣ
һߣֱɵؽ״ϵ´һ˵ߵĺܽѵҲǹƻ޳ʲôˣߵƻЩطһõģɽȫƻһɶѵǽ𣿡
ǡ׻ۼ䣬ȴϡ
˵㻹ᣬϲʱΪԹα߹·Ҫ࣬޳дʲô⣬Ϊһ֪ͶǽأǰΣһʾѣǵƣһҪյľǽˡ
û˵һ㶼ûСߵյεĽѵ˽أ²롣ϻعšü˵
Ҳ׷׸ͣɫЩף޳˵Щֻǵܶ϶ѣǰȫΪǽͶ뵽ΣǶȻڲѵ֮²ЩģҲĽƶ˺
棡һŮһûأô֪һв޳ȾͰźõģ֪ŮͶΣ˵ѾƵе
ףǡһȫ˵ǣ׺ЩѾ϶޳Ļ̥ɱŮ֣Ȼ֪޳޹أǰٿĪ磬˵ʲôǶŵġ
תͷһǲ֪ͨδĵ¶ϲͨгģѸٵԼ侲ʱַͶ޳ǾԲκκôֻ޳û¡
ˣͲҪˣȥôˡƽŻϾĶӣҲֵĲɿ
һǿеߵͷ˵һ֤޳ǲûкŮ
ףȷĶɡϿһۣüҡҡͷһһͨȥ
¶ϲȥȥ޻أѾ϶޳ûٻԴʱȽ£ʱȻͻˡ
Ҳ磬ֻĬŸһǰߡ
һߵȷʵ֣ͨһǿһʱ絶һ㣬ֻһ˾ѾѪ졣
޳ǰɽҲϵȫӳڤĺϵıܵʱ΢ֹһٶȡ
ˣɲɿƵµȥҲһٻǰɽ׷޳
û°ɣ޳ʵ
û£ˡǰɽ˵ʱģȻʱﲻС
϶ҪǰɽһЩڵЩǱȫ˳ȻҲǻѪ죬ʵϲûܵ˺ʱǵĿ޳޳ûд²˿
ǶʱǻزȥˣǾ˳ʱǰаɣԣ߲ˡ޳۲һܣ˵
ףǰɽ϶һɵ޳ԡ
һһСɫļڤΧγһıռ䣬ǻڵУܵʱʵ̫ǿˣǼڤı֮£ɱ׹䣬޷ֹ
޳׹ٶȻһЩϸĹ۲ܵһʱһæǰɽ˵ǿк
ǰɽתͷһʱӶͰ͵ʵ⣬ʱ
ʱ϶Ҳ󾪳ڹżϿʱǲǴ˵зǳ翵Ķôˣ
ǴʱеʱǵǴԽռʱЩʱʱʵʵڵʱǴʱڴԽʱ⣡
ģ̫˼ˣǰɽ𾪵غ
ȻʱԽʱ⣬ڴԽδڴԽȥ
޳Ҳ𾪲ѣŵĿܣʱвϵӹЩ档ЩʻޱȣǷǰһ
ؽЩ뵱ڻ꾳пЩԱȣͷǲһġ
þеĻ濴ȥȻʵϾǻþЩǸһɴȷ֪ǼٵģǰЩ棬ǼٵģȴһֵͷǶʵģ޳ǴʱھЩ浱ֵ˺һ㡣
ĺ棡ǰɽ϶ͬĺ
޳ͷȷʵǳ棬⵽ôһ£
ȻڤдԽʱյѵǴԽʱ
ʱһֱĬԪͻȻ֪ÿ޻ǸЦȻı
Ԫ飬˵һжģԪ鶼ô˵޳еĲ²ӿ϶
Ԫ쳣˵ʱ˺ͣҲڤڤ֮Ѿע˵İɡ̾˿˵ڤдԽʱյ̺ͨʮ룬ڼڤĵĴ߶֮£γʱ
ǻȥ޳Щǵʵʱڴʮ֮ǰʱܻܲǸδ֪
Ԫ鰲οżʱһľ룬ڤĵǵ㹻ǿֻܹʱеһЩѣʱΪԼڴԽʱ⣬ʵֻһþѡ
þ޳ʵĻþԿ϶һεĻþǰЩþпĻþȫһ
ǰɽ޳ĻʱƵʵϴѵǵ뵽˻þ𣿿ǴʱǰһЩþһ
Ԫ˵ȷʵһǰǰٵĻþһʵһãǿЩȫģʮ֮ǰЩȱγɵġȵǺͼڤĵ㹻ǿ󣬱ĴԽЩ浱ȥ
ǰ㲻ǿЦɣǰɽԾʵ
Ԫһ˵˭㿪ЦٵĻþҲ㹻еˡܰɣЩɶʵģ
Ļ䣬ܾͻȻһǿĿֲϢһ޳ǵĳ뵽˹ȵס


1572 һǧǰ
ʱ⴩ǻص˹ȥ𣿡޳ѸٵԼƣҪ׹ٶ
ǰǰ߲ʵĻķǳ죬һµǰιЩ浱У͸һɿֲϢεĽǿסǵٶȱûֹͣ
ôоǹǽǰɽһֱðļƤС޳˺öΣԼȻȥ߲ǰһ͸ǽһ϶״Ҳ鲻Խ޳ǿС΢΢ĺţһ˲˲ضǰЩĻ档
Сġ޳С˵ͬʱǰһǰ
ϴûзЩ˵ķŵЩͬǰɽʵ
޳ͷ˵ʱմˡ
һԵ϶ͻȻȵסͣ˵һǧ֮ǰ࣡
ڹżпЩ˵ĴŴ磬˿Կ϶Щ˾ʮ֮ǰȱǣ
ʲôһǧꡭǰɽûüͻȻһ𶯣ȻƬռ䶼ͬƼһ㣬ӿĺˮסһʧȥģȫŵµȥ
޳˻ס󽫼ڤĿٵ֮£ǼڤһѳֲסǷʹӵΣգɲǼڤĵһǽռ䣡
Ҫȥһֱ׹䣬ǰɽ̲סʵ
עУС޳ʱܵԽԽ죬һͬһֱֱشǵƤ
ֻһǰɽѾ̵һֻһ϶Ҳòȥ޳ʹӵħһҲ˺ۣȥǱ
Ҳ֪˶ãΪ׹ֹȥʱһ𵴣Ȼͨһˣһٵ׹䣬漴䵽˵ϣֽ̤ʵصĸоȻ½Ʒǳѿ
㵽ˣ˶ֽٺĸоһ̧ͷֻصʵǻûȥأ
ȥǱߡ޳һסǰߵǰɽֱͣӳ˵ϡ
ϴôˣǰɽƲѣһ̧ͷȴǾһֻǰƽ̹·Ȼ£ղǰһͻֱӵȥ±͸һǿѹڵ
ԤղԼĵȥĻʱˤ⽴Ϊѹסȫܷӳ
ľվʵ⵽ʲôطܵǿ󰡣
޳ɫҲģתͷ鿴һܣǰɽĸоûҲǳǿ󣬶ǿľ
޳ѾһܼɼʹҲܵǳصѹȸУοǰɽ϶ǣֻŴһǰɽ϶ɫ㽥Ĳ԰ͷ亹ֱð
үҺܣ϶ʹغǰɽɫҲܣѿΪӺСŮʹкֻоķǳܡ
ⲻϵѹȣھϵѹȣǹ͸һ޿ײ룬˷ʤ
һ˲ͻȻһƿ죬޳һͺȣԪں϶ɵ͸ɫһӽεסܵѹƺһЩ˶ͬʱ˿
ѵһǧ֮ǰ𣿡޳૵ʵ
ûʵһǧ֮ǰҲô˵Ԫ鴫޳˵
ͣһż˵֮ǰЩŵصмĻþͬЩطȻֵҲǰΣǱضǼٵģ̺ȴǽȻͬģǰҲ˵ˣ٣̺һġ
޳ͷһ𣬾ȵʵ˼˵ڸоǿѹȸУΪ̺Եʣ
ԪͷϿ˵
޳ޱȣԪ˼Ǿ˵̺žЩǷӦ־ϵѹ֮Уô˵һǧ֮ǰ̺ǳǿ
ԪȴЦһ˵һǧ֮ǰ˵ǷǳϡˣЩһһЩ飬Լǵʮ֮ǰҪǿ˲֪ٱֻС׼ףˣڵǸҲ֮𡣡
˵ͻȻҲ˵һûᣬʹܹЩջΪãԾɿԸһĸо
Ϊá޳ĥһԪĻԭȵĵһӦǽЩգϸһ־÷ǳס˵ؼѲ⣬˭Ҳ֪Щ̺ʲôóȻյĻ߻ħҲԶı
ûҲҵĵģԪص˵򲻵ѣҪЩ
޳ͷǰɽ϶ԪĻظһ顣
϶ǰɽص̾Ϣһÿϧ
ȷʵǳϧɵӶ֪Щô󣬱֪ԴõȴֻܿãʵǱ
ˣỹǻеġ޳ο㿪ʼ·ǲһֱ±ϡ
ʱһƬɽϣԱ߱£̺žѹȸУǽģطʱ䳤ĿʼӦǿľѹȡ
޳Ӧģû϶ҲѾû£ǰɽƵĿٴ⣬ʼȫļԼľϢȵһʱ֮Ҳɽϻ硣
ô죿ǲ·ֱӷȥ𣿡ǰɽ̽һ£ɽϹͺͺģ߸ߵԭǻΪֻǰ£ǵȵӦ֮Աһ̽ŷȫ£ѹ·ȥ
ȻӦˣܵѹȻڣΪԷһҴǣסǲҪʹκ޳ǰɽ϶˵
޳ǧ٣סǣͬһҵһ㣬ವһ³ŵ³ȥЩǣ;ǲû޴谭ֻЩ̺ܵ赲ѡ
оյϣһɵˡ
ǳ򣿺÷ĳ򰡣϶۾ģؿǰǷޱȵĽֵͷݡ
֣û뵽֮¾ȻǳһΪʲôԨ̶ءǰɽҲǾϲޱȣ˭֪Ǵ֮»һĳǳء
ȷʵϡ档޳ģʱĲǰķǱԨԴǴ֮󣬱ȴļһ㣬ĴڸԽԽֱʧ
ô£϶ǰɽҲˣתͷ޳ʵҲǾ治ѡ
ѵǻþ𣿡ǰɽƵʵǰȷоǴڵģȴǰƽ޹ʵʧˡ
޳ҡҡͷ˵ûʧҲǻþȻǱߣֻһǿڸˡ
ѹǿˣǰɽ˫һĶ޳˵ϴҪҪȥ鿴һʲô󷨣ƾת޷壬֪󷨵书εǿܹѧʱ򣬶Ȼ
ģʧķ϶ͻȻһתͷס޳˵үûǴĻӦղӦɽ
ɽ޳鲻Խһ£˫ವһʧķģ֪Ǹ
ǰɽԱֹһôǿѧͺˡ
ռһżרŽŽϡŹֵ󷨣һ󷨾ǰ˵ĳ־Ϊסɽ
϶˷ܵ˵ţǰɽȴͻȻһ޳֣תͷָָ
˻ͷһԭء


1573 
޳϶ͷһȻԭյĳгٲ֪ʱͻȻȺʱȫͣ£һ˲˲Ķǡ
Щ˵Ŀ⵱вûзŭãǺ棬ǸоʱԼǺһ㣬˹š
޳ǰԷԵ̬϶ǰɽǰ򶨵ĿЩˡ
ʱǰȺҲһ˿һģˣֳ߹
ǺˣΪλͻȻΪһλʵ
޳һ¶˵⵱нҲƣ̨Ǻη
ȴû޳ĻʵǴϵģ
͡ǰɽһЦǰһĶ˵ûǴģɡ
ɽ޳΢΢ͷһۡ
ǰΪ׵ɫһһ˿ãĿǰɽ
ǰɽһ⣬ЦôСɣЦУ
ˣȥתͷȵ
ˢˢˢļһǰŵĳһָ޳ǡ
һӽţǰɽϵЦҲȥĿǰȺһ̾Ҫִܵˡ
޳ǰһƽ˵˲ûж⣬ǰ˵Ҳʵǲ֪ԼΪλͻȻҲ֪˵Ǻηð֮¡
λƺҲִüһǵǺˣ˭ָʹģ
޳˵ûκָʹ룬һͷʵ֪λɷǰһɽ
ɽʲôɽߺǰʲôûУ˵ģ˵ǰķİͻȻƾճڳеģǳֵϢǾȻһ㶼û
޳һǲ֪ǰڸǵɽ
̽Եʵ֪λ˵졭
ʱ䣬һڵͬ飬ҿ콫£λͻȻ޳Ļӵϣ৵һ¾ͽ޳Χס
ǰɽѽһ˵ô붯ֲɣϴ˵ѵǵĴ֮
޳ǲӭǣ˵
޳ǣޣ޳Щϲʵһǧ֮ǰ޲֪ʵǿǿʶһ£ֻ˼һ£ּЩżвûмһǧ֮ǰرǿ޴ڡ
һ˵޳ǵȻޣϵĴڣǲ裡
ǰԺﶼһǿ𾴵Ĵڡ
ǰɽһĨЦ⣬ϴѾתЩ֪ҪƵŰɣϴʰǡ
޳߻û˵Ѿͷָ˵¡
޳һҽһһһɰ˫۾籡
ֻһͬˮһ㣬һ³ܷɢЩԭҪǱǿײһӾ͵˳ȥ
˶һ˵ޣ
ҲǳһȵĿ޳ͨͨģû뵽ȻǸޣҪ֪޵ǳ̣ȻΪ޳ǣǲÿ˶ʸΪ޵ġ
ȷʵзǳޣǶǴʹо£ģİܹΪ޵֮١
ΪǾ㣬㹦ﲻǵСˣʶĻǹԹ־ܣʱŪòʰȶһ˵
޳һջ˫ۣȴûֹͣǽһһɸӰľк¡һ緢
ӿȣͬˮһ㣬ԴԴعܣЩŸոֱǿײɳȥһһͬһֻֻӬһ㣬ĵԱߵĳǽϡ
޳ûǵɥһҲ㹻ܵˣкüֱȥмѾȫɥʧս
һ£ܵ˶ˣ첻ԾһĿ޳ЩǣǷ׷ɢ
ǿǰ˭ҷ
޳ǱϾ·İˣְڣȻʱսսµҪҲеӡ
ǿ򶨵Ķ޳˵ǿˣǰһǼ̡
޳¶һЦݣƽƽ˵ȴ͸һľսѹߣǾߣǲ̫㣿
㡭ô˫ȴ˵ˡղ޳ȫ̽ⲻʵʵ֪޳һָܹɷ顣
ԱЩѾӵӰ٣ǰ޳ĵǽϵȫ˹ȥֻʣ췢վԭأܶˡ
޳ǰһƽ˵ҲΪǣֻʼ⡣
ãʣʲô㣡λͨһڵϣͷ̧
֪޳ȫס񣬵ʱҪ֪Ȼ֪Ҳ׾ٵʶ顣
ͻȻǰλǳĲ򵥣֪ĶҲΪ
޳Ƥ޲ʵ޳ǵжޣǿ˭
֮һľס߶ޣİգǴؾ£ģ޵ǿ˵תн׵ʵ
תн޳΢΢Ƚһ£ûĻȻֻ׵Ӧÿн鿹ˡֻû뵽Ҳһˣʷϲûһ֯ѵﲢ֪Ǹռ䣿
ţλҲƲסϵڵϿͷţǰе֮˲ҪϣҰɣ
޳ҲΪʱǺһתн׵޸֣Դ׵תûôǿĶ֡
ͻȻüͷһ壬漴ֿٵչĿ⵭ڵĳ
ͬʱԭȻսľĹڵϵͻȻһĶϲؿǰĺȫװһ
޴ˣϲغ
ǰɽ϶ˢһǰһվ޳󣬾Ŀǰ
޳תͷĿһۣʾ˲õģѾǰӦþ˵Щ˵ǡ
Щ÷ǳ죬ֻһ¾ѾǸǰΪһŹͭɫƤĸߴֿһʣ˭ղ˭ʹҸоһǿ˭վ
ǰλСֵܣָ޳˵ʱ޳̬Ѿ࣬Ƕ޶𾴵ġ
Ϊ͵Ĵ޳˫һУϸؽ޳ϵ´һƺЩȷţ˵ղǿλСֵܴģ
Ҳɡ޳ʱ򣬿ȥһͨͨ꣬˿ѾȫջȥǽϵϢҲ˻ȥǿȥͨƽ
λç޳һۣȴͻȻһǿ
˵ѣղǴǰλȥͨͨɢģǴʱ޳סȴһ㶼ûоϵϢߣ޳ʱɽȫûбѹסп¡
Լ뷨֮ޣҲޱȵĿ޳·һ㡣


1574 
˵ʲôСӵʵ㲻£Щȫ𾪵Ĳŵص޳Ҫų֤ʵǲ´ˡ
޳;վǱߣƾǵĿԼƽ˿ҡ
Щɶ߳ǣͨߣȥŵſڵϣǰλ겻ɽȫκӰ졣
ǲòʵλǳǿ
ǰɽЦЦĿǰЩСֵǣϴֹ̬֮Щأ֪޳ʵʵĻǡ
ʮͷѾﾳΣȴսﾳĶ֮ϵߣս֮ҵĳˣһǧ֮ǰҲҲһɣ
Щ𾪹󣬿ٵƽΪλͭɫƤçߵ޳ǰ̬ȴࣺλСֵʲô֣
޳һ񣬹˵޳Զ򡣡
򣿾ȻԶ򣬵ǲû˵Ӣ갡СС;ǿʵçȵ˵˵ô֣ܳӦ͵õϢ˲ŶԣƣͨϢ̫ȥ֮Ҫ޸ģ´ξ
ʱ޳ȴһɹ죬ǰǹԶĿľΪ̽һﵽǲָͬһռ䣬ǰλһ㶼Ծ֪طǾ˵Ҳж򣬻ѹ޳ڵǸռ䡣
ǰһ޳ԽԽϲЦ˵˵֪СֵܿɷԸǽһۣ
޳룬ͷ˵Ǿ鷳λˡ
ӦЩǸ˵Ĳ㵸ֻУ޳ѾԽ䣬һλǿޣ˵ǿ޶ֵ𾴵ġԸ˵һ䣬˵һֹ١
ϴ󣬲°ɣǰɽǰд޳
ŸմǰתЦЦĿǰɽһۣȻֻͷǰߡ
ǰɽһ𣬰յһԼĶͷôǰЩǿޣôӵùǵĶ䣿
һ󣬼˱㼱ٵĸ֮ءһׯ԰λڳߣǳģסżٺޡ޳ǲһЩȫ˳ش޳ˡ
ȻѾͨϢЩ˴˿̶޳ġ
˫Ŀһɣŭȣ߿ʲô˿Цøȥ
ЩŶвʵߣһͷĻƢ˭Ҳûڼš
Сֵܱ֣ǿߣСֵСС;˸ǿ裬˵һ漣ѽһ·һ߶޳˵
޳Цҡҡͷ˵ǰˡ
һ㶼˵ʵҼߵУ츳ǿģȴġ˵һĨɻ޳츳ȷʵõģĳɾʵ𺳡
Ǹգһ޳ӵģץоо
ǰɽϼһ￴Լϴǳǰһ޳ǰεĿһ˵ǰҲ߯ˣҼϴɲģ˿еġ
ˬʵЦţָǰһլ˵Ǳµĵطλ롣
ѾкЩ˵ţһǽվһ񣬶󶼺ش޳
޳ıǿò˼ˣЩ˵Ŀ̫޲ýƿϸоһ˭ܵˣ
ǰɽֵǰ޳סЩ˵Ŀ⣬ٺһЦ˵λ¾˵°ɣţ˲֪ĻΪǿҼϴأҼϴǸӵܣһڵġ
ȿȿȡ
ǰһЩ࣬˼ĵǰɽһۣͺܴͷǣһλ٩Ķˣмλǰ׷ԲԵӣòǰɽȥ
һ޳ǳȵӣЩ¶ϲɫҪԼҵĺӾͺˣǹҫ氡
һλǰͰ׵Ŀ޳ʵӣ˭ҵģ˭
޳˼÷ɿ죬Ļش޳ֻССĶѣһᡣ
ûﵽʲôطԻ㽫ʲô鶼˵
ʲôʱôЩٴ𾪣ǰķӦһģһ
ǰɽЦ¶Ҫˣȷʵǵط޳֮⣬ʷҲҲôǿĴ˰ɡ
޳ʱĵģҪȷﵽǲĿռһģʵ֪ĸ򣿡
صԪǼȻѵ֪ʲôط𣿡
޳ͷ˵Ǳһǣģԣ֪Լʲôط
ŶȻ£Ȥʵʲô
޳һһٵ˵ʱ
ʲôˢһͬһλϵһ£Ŀ¶⣬ץס޳֣ʵ˵ģʱⶫ
޳һɣȷʵһڵһĿռ䣬ֻһǧ֮ǰһЩЩ˾ǵȱ
޳ͷԭ򣬵һת۾Ѿ
һ£Щɥɿ޳˵СֵŪˣǲʱʱߵĸǲһġ
޳üͷһ˵Ըꡣ
ϣʱʱȫͬĸʱ˼ǴԽʱԻصȥȥδʱǴԽռ䣬ǺߵȴȫȲʱҲ˵ֻܹԽƽеĿռѣ˵򱻴ԪʱĻʱѾصȥδˡ
ǰɽһĬĬزǿЦ⣬Լ޳鷳ϴƻʱȴ˵ʱǵһ˵ʱʱյԭֽ
޳ȷʵǹģ֪ԼǴδѾȷһǧ֮ǰԪ½һоͺðˡ
ĵĵͷ˵Ҹˡ
˵ûϵЩ֪˲࣬ŪҲпԭֻʱ״治ڣһգ˵ҵĿԽս⿪ˡ
޳һʵˡðǰ֪ɷʲô
⡭һ˿Ϊѣתͷһǣʱÿ϶һ˿أһӱЩ
޳һ£Щ˼˵ˣǰ⡣
Сֵܲô˵ֻ¹غ󣬾˵Ҳ˵ѽЩ˼˽˽Ƕĺ޳
ʱԭ޳λ׷ԲԵͻȻվ˵ҲǿλСֵܰæҲ˵СС;ǿȻӶ̽鲻ʵΪⶨȻĹܹ֮õİæҲҵҲ˵
һһ˿һվϸؽ޳ִһ飬Ц˵úúãҲд⣬һܹõСֵܵİһ漣Ҳ˵
޳иӺˣǵҪʲô
ֻͻȻɫһ࣬ɤӣ޳ޱȵ˵Ҫҵģɽ


1575 ɽ
ǰɡǰɽϳЩĿǰЩǡ
ΪҪʲôصĶأû뵽ȻɽⶫǰͿ˺ǻǴǱġ
޳ҲЩ죬ǲ֪ƬɽĴڣѵΪ̫ǿ
һ޳ǰɽǵɫ
ô֪
޳ûлش𣬶ʵ֪ǰɷȸɽһЩ飿
˵ԭѾǣȻҸ˵
£˵ɽ˵ǴϹģʮꡣʵⲢûֵ̾ģر֣ġ
޳ţͻȻ֣ģ֪Ǹ
װʲô֪ʣкر֮
ɫһ࣬˵С֪ܲʵ֪Ҳֻ⼸˶ѣһޱǿĴڣʮ֮ǰʱߣǺغƽ٣䲻ɽҲһѨҵһб֮󣬿һЩ飬ƶϳɽйء
޳׶ô˵ȷʵڹǺڵЩżвûκμĵ飬ѹû֪λǿưһʱ
һˣ޳һǿҵĿʶ֪һС
̾˿ּ˵ʵ˵һҲǵĲ²⣬ǲбưܲҵ֮ҲֻǵĿһЩ֣ȫ˷ɻҡƶϳɽܲһ޴ܣйأҲʱ⴩йأһֱǶҵɽҲֻܲ̽ǳصΧǱ㽫ȫǳأΪ޳ǡ
̾˿˵ôˣûҵɽ䡣
϶Ͷ˶лҪ˵ǿһӵˣֿ˿޳ǽȥشϣǽ
޳ȴǣǵƶȷĻɽйأ浽̲ʲôܣ֪ɽǴڵģ϶еĹżҲɽ飬ôɽ˭õأ
ȥĻǡý޳еʣ˵֮ҪһѰɽΪɽһһѹӽˡĲǱˣʮ֮ǰǰ
ʲô޳Ҳʵһ£̧ͷؿʵǰ˼ʮ֮ǰǰ
һʵСֵҲ˵ǰûʮ֮ǰλܳޣҵżһֱܽĿ꣬ұ㽫ԼָĳĴߡ
˵Щ˼ЦЦ˵СֵܼЦˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ǰ˵Цˣ̾硣
ȷʵǿĸյĵأҲӡ
ʱ鶼֮޳ôСֵǷ֪ɽ䣿
ǰ˵ɽʱ޳һλСֵܵɫǳĹŹ֣֪һ
޳ͷ˵ȷʵɽ
ңһεصЩȫվһ˲˲Ķ޳ͻȻʧҲһ
޳ôҲһҲӣ˵ɽڡ
Ļû˵꣬ʹһŲһ˳˽ﺰţҵˣҵˣǰҵɽˣ
ʲôЩǶҪιȥˣһΧסλǰСʵ˵ʲôҵɽˣ
λС״ε˵ڣڣڳ⣡
ʲôЩȫɵˣ˺һ˲ŷӦȻһԴЩŭ˵̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬾ȻƤӵ»ôã
ǰλСʵʦ
λС˷ܵ˵ǰ֪ͨȥɽˡ
һ㶣󾪽һ˵ãȥֹɽǿ󷨴ڣһŪǻµģ
ȫž壬һ룬תͷ޳ǺСֵҲһɣ
ǲ˵޳ҲϹȥǰɽ϶ųȥ
ʱǳڵߺͰϢ壬еĲ֪ɽһ˵ʲôصĶҵˣ£ȫԼͬϡ
޳ǸϵʱѾɽ˺ɵ߿յУŵµ˺ȵȫȥǳΣգǴĵط
Ļû˸ҷЩߺͰȻǳɽ׳ʲôǻǶߡ
һֳճ޳ȫڰյУ۲ǰΡ
ʱܿǰһƬγɽڵʵʵѹ̹첻κмǿ˵ǰҲӰ
ɫЩѿ˵ˣʦܿѾ뵽Ǵˡ
Ļ䣬ǰʹһɾ޴ĲһһźӰವһ³ǳ˹
˫һɿĳźӰ˹ȥдţʦܣ
һӾͽźӰס͵ȥص޳ԣȥбһλͷӣ
ֻѪ鴤ţȻǱǿ˵ˡ
ʦôϸļ嵣ǵʵ
ʦʦ֣죬ߡǡ̫ǿˣǵס˵ÿ˵һ־ѪĿðȥǳĿֲ
޳һĿԹǰγĿռ俴ȥʵûκм˸ղͻȻָֻƽ
⵽ôһ£Ǹ߹㣬Ҫȥ𣿡ʵ
ʦҴˡǻںޣҪѾˣѵ˵󷨺Ѿˣҿߡ
ʲôɫһӾͱˣɫҲ÷ǳѿ
ζʲô˭֪жһһǿΣнš
ϣ˵Ƿֳһȥ֯ճˣһ˸Ͽ󷨣һҪסǰ󷨣
ǰɽԱֹһ˵ͷô̬󷨣˳Բ˶ߡ
޳תͷһۣСӾͻᶯҡġ
ǰɽĻʱ˶ʧɫǰɽʵǰ󷨣
ǰɽӣСĿ޳һۣӲͷƤ˵ûϡŹ֣˷ʤ
ˣҿ׼Ĵ㣡һ⣬æ˵
ʱǰȻ˱䶯ֻ¡¡ԽԽ죬Ǵյд͸һԭγĿռûһһ
ֵĿǰ˵ˣ̺ǳǿǲҪˣߣһҪϿ뿪
һλӣᶨޱȵ˵˲ߣһߣ޳Ƕ꣡
޳۲ǰǴ˵²ֻ޳ǣӰ췶Χܻ󡣡
ˡжסķƣԭҵɽȽĴסû뵽Ȼ顣
ʱǰԽԽǿԼк嫵Ҫ緢ĲǰĿռҲϸ΢תʲôҪֳ
ǰӰףˣô޳ֵǡ
˶ǰֵһĻˣ


1576 ܳ
޳޳ôֵĿǰתͷվ޳ˡ
ǰֵվԵһģһ⵽ô£ĸĸǼ٣
ͻȻϸĿһǰ˵ԣǰǸǻþ
޳ͻȻǲǻþʱ
ǰһЩʱγɵʱתѣǰľǰ顣޳֮Կ϶ǲǻþʵڵģΪ̺ܵӴȻþ̺Ҫǿ࣬ǰʱиܵһģһ
ʱʱ֪ø˺ûǸÿɥҪʱȻˡ
˶һ˲˲ĿǰǿյгһŹˢһͶ뵽һͺͺɽϣܵɢȥŹֳ޳ˡ
ͻȻתͷԾؿ޳ǣǣǲ磿
ǰһѾǳ޳ǲͨʱġǿδҲԹȥ
޳˵Ǹƭ˴ҡ
ǰǲ뽫ִ󣬵˭֪鷢չ˵ϣȫƿ֮ڡ
ȴͻȻҡҡ˵㣬֪ǰ֮£Ҳ˵ʵ飬ֻ仯̫ˣСֵܣǻ뿪ɡ
޳ҡͷ˵Ҳæ
ȴ쳣Ŀ޳˵СֵܣȻ㲻㲻֣ܳȻӰʷ𣿡
޳һ˵ûֵĻͻıĽ֡
ʱԪҲͻȻ޳˵㲻֣ܳȻʱһı䣬Ǿпܻزȥˡ
޳Եͷ̧ͷ˵Բסˡ
Щϧ̾˿޳˵ϷĳɾͣﲻǴĵطϿ뿪ɣϾҪһĶǻǸһֻˡ
޳ԭȰסǼ䣬룬ĬĬĽȥǱȭǰɽǳˡ
֣ܳ俴ֱ뿪
ȻֻǶݵĽӴȴԿǶֵ𾴵ǰԼٴȥ̲ס֡
ϴ𣿡ǰɽȻǰеֻǴʱǰԽԽǿҲܵǿѹȥһսЩľȥӵҲЩ˵ȥ
޳ҲЩΪѣҡҡͷ˵ǲ֣ܲ߰ɣ뿪
϶Ա߽ĸţֱȥһξ룬Ŷ޳˵үʵ϶֪ˡ
޳һ£תͷ϶˵ǰǲ뵽ʲô
ղƳ϶ֹӣӦʲôҪԼ˵
϶ͷʱûˣ㽫еĻȫ˵˳
Ҳ֪ĵ飬ǶɽռҵĹżȴһЩϸļأ֮ԽʵԴһӡ֡Ҳ˵󷨵ĳ־Ϊ˰ɽӱܣҪȥŭͻǿҵķɡ¡¡
϶ĽȥĻ˵޳ѾףֻƬռ䶼ᱻݻٰɡ
ȻǧټҪɽǾ˵󷨷ǳǿ󣬼ʹʮ꣬ӴյĶǿǾȫ
ǰɽҲˣЩżʵô죬ıµʱ򲻹Ҫ꣬Ҳ
죡
޳϶ԪֹǰɽĻѵԵĽѵʲôͻʲôҲԻпֵܳġ
ǰɽֵסԼͣӲĽȥĻȥ͵ԼԴеͷɢȥ
ǧʱʲôҪ룬ʲôҪ룬ϵĸԼԼ˼ſա
ʱԶһǰĲԽԽǿˣԼ˲ҽУ˾Ӵܡ
Ѿʼˡǰɽǰ˵
үǲ𣿡϶޳Ȼͣǵʵ
޳ҡҡͷĿȴǶɽڵķ˵ȻˣͲߵһ֮ڤڤעҲ˶ʤ˵ͿΪҪ
ã¿ҪʲôǰɽеĶ־Ҳ˳תҲһͬǰ϶˶¶˾ģȻ飬վһԡ
顪ǰײԽԽǿ޳ǿ󣬴ʱ˶Ȼյ󷨾ҵײˣ
ǰɽƵ˵ɽдԽԽǿˣҿЩɲǶְ
޳Ҳͷ˵֧Ų˶ˡ
Ҫǰɽ࣬ҷɢֻ̫࣬΢̽ȴоǰǿѹѹһȴɽ
гģ鷳ˣҪԵĲ󣬸Ҫֵɽϵѹ
ʱҲЩ׹ԭɽϸܵĲܾĳɽһ߻
үүģȻ㽫ԪүҲƭˣԪͻȻһǰȻûڵһʱ쵽ЩʵǺա
޳˵ɽиоرĵط𣿡
ԪƵ˵Ҿ쵽ˣѵڻҲ֪ô£ѵΪ޷飬ԲҲ
Ԫ˼⣬˵ɽϢǿܾ첻Ŷԣ밡룬ͻȻ뵽һͷѽһ޳˵ҺǰɽͻȻһʧԭһΪֻһкܳһʱ䣬ҲǶʱҵжʧ׼Ż첻̺ǿϢ
Ϊʲô޳Щǵʵ
ͬʱһǿҵ뷨ԪһֱӴʮ֮ǰ飬ͻֵᷢķӦҪôʧ䣬Ҫôǰԣʧˡô˵ɽԪйԪǷйأ
ʲôأǹħ֪һ𡣡ԪͻȻЩ˵غ
޳һ𣬲ΪͻȻ˾޴ķӦʵôˣ
ԪƵ˵Ҳ֪һˣͲƵġ
޳ˣޣԪ˵ģϾڿԿ϶ĵһǿĴڣԪйڣʱǻ鷳
ˣЩҲûãȿǰ龰ɣ˵ǻǿ뿪ɣٴȥǻᱻ뵽ⳡСԪ롣Ȱ޳뿪
޳ȴִҡҡͷ˵Ҳ뿪뿴ɽ
㻹ⶫȤԪһۣȴûټȥת뵽Ԫж˵ʱ£çײȻǶزȥˣɱޱӡ
޳үڻЦǰĲԽԽǿѾоǵϢѾ׶༪١
顪޴ײŴݿƣ֮ɽѣ޳Ѿһ
ɿֲƻܷɢҪ⸽ĳǳȫݻ١
޳ͻȻΪһǧ֮ȫûǰǵļأӦþⳡлˡ
뵽ͻȻһһץסǰɽ϶ɿȥӣ


1577 
ǰɽ϶ȫŪ׵׳ʲô飬ͱ޳ʩչǧٷɿǰȥ
һ̣ɫҲΪǸоһɷǳֲ̺ӴҪԨһ
ǰɣ´ҲѻˡǰɽᣬԤĳˣҲҪ뵽⶯ˡ
ϻʲôҪ룡޳ɿĶһ仰ȫעǰܡ
˿ǰɽ϶ٶȫѾãֻʩչǧǷɿ룬ѾоԽԽǿѾڿʼӰٶȡ
ˣ͹յı̬ɽǿǽҪǳأҪԪ򶼴ݻٵˣԸо̺ȫܹƬԪ򶼴ݻ١
ǰɽǱ̬ԩ޳ΪҪǰ
죡޳һۣСӾȻ˵ʦóӱ̬飬ԽԽǿıϽȥҪԪˣ
ᣡأ
󲻶ϴصķŵƿԽԽǿҧǽ׷
ЩѾӰ쵽޳ĶٶѾǰ
ϴһҪסǰɽҪˣˣĿֲȫѹסʱ϶˾żһ㣬޳ǰȥ
ʵ̫̬ˣ϶ɫ԰ףʱɢһɵ̹⣬ǻԤеΣգԷش߶״̬Ҫǰɽһ㣬ˣҲѹȫܹ
סܷʲô飬ǵһҪǱԼʲôֶΣ޳ǰɽ϶֣ص˵
ʱҪ뵽ԪѾο뵽ԪҲ֪ܲܶһ٣ǵʱߵĻᶼûУ
޳еѵĳǰɽ϶ϷŹȥ
ǰɽ󾪣żغϴʲôеǣԼô죿
үҲҪ϶ź
޳ȴһԣʱɫҲѾ԰ףٶȱǰһ࣬Ľ͵ǰɽ϶ϡ
ں˾Ԫֵ֮һӴǰɽ϶ԶԷؽεס
һ̣ǰɽ϶ɫ࣬еĵǼֱҪǷˡ
ϴˣǰɽƴӣҪ޳϶ǱѾ棬ŵĿ޳
Ҫү£Լȥ
޳ȴͻȻþǰһ˦Ǵ󺰵߶Զ߶Զ
һ˲һǿ޳סӶʱʧȥģɿȥ
ǰɽ϶ѣغţ޳ת˲֮ʧǰ
һжģ϶ʧһĹţ·һ̾ҪȥһǰɽҲǴԭأûκηӦ
漣ƺһ̷ˣ޳ǿ֮ͻȻƽһϵסӴĶһֻʣǰɽ϶ǿƮڿС
޳ѵսȫգʱһƼһ㱻ǿţҡҡλΣûκġ
˵ʲôáԪ鴫һ̾Ϣ
޳˵ӵö죬նᱻƴһҲܱסɽ϶
ǣȷʵסǣƺܸȤ㽫ιıģԪû˵
Ҫô뿪ɡ
뿪˵ɽˣܹȥ𣿡Ԫ۴У޲Сһ٣ȻԼΣ˽
޳ͻȻ¶һЦݣԪֺƵ˵ⲻ𣿡
ԪһǷǳ˵Ԫ⣬ɽϢǳŹ֣óóȻԪܻ𶯣ʱпܲǻԪˡ
޳һЩŵʵȷ
Ԫһ˵һ㿪ЦҪȻΪΪô֪˰ɣѾˡ
޳ЦȴˣҲûúڣȫûκѡ
ˣûзҵϢ뿴ô뿪ɡԪɫһ࣬˵һؼʱҲܼЦȥҪȻҪˡ
޳Ļиоһֵ˼ʵ˼ǲ˵ɽԼʶˣ
Ԫ˵ǱҪ鷳Ǳܷ
ܡ޳ͷ۲ѣ鷳ˣǵ©ǱܵĻıܷǳǿ󣬵ʱȫûз֮Ϊ֮ǰԷ綼ѾӦӦˣǱܵĿֲ
ˣҲ̫ģҾͲĻԪ鷴ο޳
޳ͷ˵Ҳġ
Ļ䣬ͻȻһɾ޴ĲǹɲǳˮһĳڿԵʱЩˮĲһɢƳһȦΧסವһ³޳İס
ֻһɲǣ޳͸оԼ֫ʧȥ˶֮˶һǿס궼оһǿѹȣѹж쳣ѡ
⻹ֻǿʼжԼ˵ͬʱҧϵؽԼڵЩ
һǳ޴ģڵľк棬ֿǿ
࣬ҲԴԴѹȣأ޳ԼЩôõѵҪĹ𣿶ǰΣһ˿ĹҲֵôǿ
۵үҶҪѪˣԪһĺһߴԪע뵽޳ľС
ôõԭΪ˳޸Ԫ׼ģû뵽ȻҪ˷۵ĶڵѪˣ
Ǿǽȫֿ޴ѹȣǳŲ˶ãأ޳оԽԽѹ֮ȴ˿ûм
ͻȻ͵Ľȫ˻ŭغɣ
ȻܽȫǾټֿҲֻǹ͵һʱѡȵȫľûٻˣˣ
ûˣȫ˻һԵע뵽ԪС
Ԫ󾪣ŭغСӣʲôҸ˵£ʹԪҲӳģҷӻ£
޳ҪջѾˣЩȫײ޳ϣһһѹ塣
ʹҲ޷˿̵ĸܣоÿһϸڱѹ
յı̬˷ָĥ˵ֶֻ벻û󷨵̺һӽ飬ǽ뵽ľУѪҺУϸһѹѹϸԾϣϵĳѹơ
޳һǴˮһ㣬亹ϵðɫҰһƬڳ鴤ûעȫܵסǿѹ֮С
Щϵس壬ѭľʶȥ
޳ֱֱҧԷʶԲһзִģʶûĿˡ
ԣСӼסʶԲԱƣԪָԪವһ³嵽޳ʶ棬סͥ
¡¡ǲƺû뵽ôʹܹ뵽޳ʶǼǿҵķ
ԽԽǿЩȫȻ޳
үүģҪԪ쵽糱ˮһӿŭ


1578 
գҪӵڳʬռ䶼ԪŭȽ޳ʱȴĺܣ
Ԫ֮ôŭΪʵ̫ԵŽ޳˺飬ȴһĽ뵽޳ϸвϵԪΪģڵﵱеСǣҲ˳ʱЩŵҪ޳ĵҪĶȫͳ
ԪѾԪ鴵תٶȽļӿ죬һһãϢ¡¡ת޳ĵﵱУ͸һ˿˿ã֮
ˣǲѹԽԽǿԪѹɽ
СǴѹһҲɵˡ
˵ô£֣˭췴զզʵ
Ԫʲô𣬿æЩȫᱻͳȥ
ǰûЦɣɫһףæкССëæ
Сչ̵֦֫ԪεذסëˢһԪ棬ɿػӶеİӣһһǿγһ֯֡
һԪ鶼һ£͵˵Сһʱ䲻Ȼ仯ô󣬾ôֵסܣҪʱ׼
ָ׻ʺ;ǣɿ棬ë赲֡
ǵİæԪѹһӼ࣬ʼٵز󷨣ͬʱ޳˵ǰ㻤ס㻤ʶүүģΪֻϱ̬ŻԪүҲᣡ
Ԫ˵űһ϶صһַĿƮŸһ֣γһǿѹ
üͷһ˷ܵغǰҪͰ壬ַҪ˼ң̫ˣ
ѵֱӳԪһǰĻôˣԪʱҲûոܣȫ˿е֮ϣ˫ӡһһĹâַָܳһɵԪϿգһصĹ
ھԵʵǰ䣬ʲô޳вϵԼʵ̫ǿˣŽ飬ȴϵͦҪ꣬˵һֳ衣
е߳ܵͷγɣȫ޷˼˼㣬ǼʹˣԼʲô
Ȼһ˿һӽŪҺβ޳侲ʶгһƬ͵Ĳ⣬Ⲩ⵱Уƺܵ˾Υ·Ŀ˵Ǹһ㡣
ңԶƽһͻȻоԼһƬռһѾԭ⶯һǧ֮ǰ
ԣСӣҪ̬ϾԵǣԽżԽҪƽԪܵ޳ɢǿƽȵϢ͵˵ͬʱɲͣĽɵعԽԽǿˡ
޳ЩĵȥԵһзѹƺ޹أģܲʹðѹ
档޳ԼҲܵˣôһȻоϴǿʹУһæоҪһǰָоһΣŬָоԶȥһҲѰ
޳Щգǣǰ־˵Ѿǳˣƺͨʲô
ʱԪ˵Сӣ׼ûøղ״̬ȥ㻤
ԪͼѾɣмһâžһ´Ԫ֮ϡ
¡¡Ԫһ޴ĺȻͬһֻһٵתתǺ¡ԽԽ죬ԽԽǿɢҲԽԽӴ
Ԫһȣֻâһͬһ貵ǳವһ뵽ͼС
衪
Ԫͼ뷢ãкֻһ޳͸оһӴƴüˢһ£⽫ס
ͬʱʶгһǿҵĽ⣬Ǹ̫һһĽʶоһɷǳǿ
ȣ޳͵һȣ˫һӼǱܣһӿ
ͻȻֹһֹͣͣЪһжˮһȥ
ͳڣղľҵ󷨽ϳһǳȥԪȵ
ĻŸ䣬ͣ͵ͻȻͬɽ鱩һ㣬ӿͻȻˡ
ͬʱ޳бȳһ
ֻ৵һϵȻ̣һֲ˼Һ״̬ٵľ£
Ѿ֪ǰһУʵ̫˼ˣȻˣǴʱΨнڵԴԴ뵽Ԫ޳ڣά
޳ʱڵѾʣ޼̸ǽһ˿ҲĵˣЩȴ˿ûм֢״Ҳ֪Ԫͼ̼ǹԽԽҡ
СӣʲôҪ룬Ҫҵ󷨣Ԫʱ޳һҪ侲һҪһǰ״̬ΨһĻˡ
ԭҪƶֲֿ󷨽ᵽһ룬ȥǵȫǰܵ޳ڴǹϢһ΢һı䣬γɶɾ󷨡Ҫ޳ϣҲǰ־磬Ǿʲôˡ
޳ƴһͷϵĸԼҪ侲ҲоԪԪĳٲ侲Ƕ
вϵĻǰľʾֵǰǰϸĶһ顣
ǰ־ֵʱڱǿţоԼѾֿܵԶԼȥǿ
ԣܣǸܣһУȥ
޳էȻоʶһ˿ͬһһҫǰУ߽ļķɣȫ֪ȥĴڡ
أܵķȫʧˣʹҲļоԼھȻʶһƬ
ָоܰо»ع飬ĽЩ̵߶±εϢԼסƺﲻͬˣǱøӵǿ
ԣܵγԪָţͬʱƶͼ޳ʶ
Ҫ޳Ĭ˶ܶһҲһ־Ǳϵķǳγһƽ⣬ܹѣγһǳǿϡ
ô꣬Ԫһֱ޳ľʦԪ޳޳Ҳ֮Ĭǳܹġ
޳Լȫ͸ɫںϣһµ㽫ǳԪȥ
һ־ԵΣԼȫƸԪ飬Ԫ򻺻ش߶󷨣ȥӭҪܹɶɾĻԻ͡
ֻһײһԪһȣһͬʱ޳ʶ󿪣Ҳ̽һ뵽󷨵С
䣡޴ĹâҫӿһɫȻչ޳İס
ӮˣյͻȻһƮȴ쳣ӡ޳Ժһ
޳ͷһʦԪȴһ˿ãڻ䣬ѯʣҲŪ⵽˭
ǣ˷ͶˣܵȴͻȻʧȥ˿һӿ
̬ѽԪ̲סЩ仯̫ˣϵĳײ޳Ԫ
ɣɣСӿܣԪغ


1579 
̬
޳Ψһ뷨ΧȦбݲеͬƮҡСһ޳֮⽹ĵȴŵǰɽ϶
ô죿үǱܲá϶ת޳̫ǿˣȻһʱ֮Ѳȥ
ǰɽҪ⣬ּջ𣬵ǰǷת˵ǰɷǳǿײУȥʱѷģʱһϴ󱻾뵽ʱУȥң
϶żĶˣô죿Ǳүţѹܳȥ
ģֻǿ󣡡ǰɽžһԼһƣֻĿǰԽԽתԽԽǿ
أǷı˽ɫֻһֱԭĺɫǽɫɫɫ
ɫϵı仯ţڲϵһǰɽϸظһ£϶ǹɽɫϴģ
ûүģүû£һû£϶ϲ֪޳һڷţȴû취аۡ
ǰɽͻȻ뵽޳ڽǸ޴еʱ˵ĻҪƽ
ԣҪƽҪԼǰɽһ˿ᶨתͷ϶˵϶֣Զһ㣬Ҫϴһƽģ֮ǳˣһûκˣ
϶˲᣺ףһ󷨣뿪ҪİҲ뿪̫Զƶֹң󷨵ֻܷһ룬ӦеĲԶ
̫ˣǰɽϲѣƴĴ߶ţԼ϶ǳ򵥵Ķڴʱȴ쳣ļѡҺ޳ǳϤ޳ЩҲ˺ǣȻǳ˵ľԽԽ
ͬʱеɢȷʵԽԽǿԪҲԽԽ졣
ģ𣿾ȻˣⲻҪ϶һҪӵڳʬԪζҪըˣ⻹ĳģڿ˵Ӯˣ漴ͷ͸ǿһ
ܵѾǿ˷ָĵزҺǴ߶ǸǿϣǻסҪȻʱͱѪĭƮɢڿˡ
Ԫ飬Ԫ󣡡޳ͻȻҧгݵغ
Ԫһ£һᣬӲȥˣ̫
Ѿûбѡǿ֮£ֻܿԪܵҪȻϵĹһ̣ǵڣ
ʱջ᲻ңǻ᲻ԶزȥѾǵĿǵУʱΨһҪľǻȥ
ǹģɽҲ˽ûбѡ񡣡޳򶨵˵ʱѾȫ侲ܵǿޱȣǲҪһ㣬ϵסǣݲС
޳ʱΨһĳ·
ԪĶܿ죬˫ֽһģƯԪϿգѾ»ص޳ĵﵱУĬĬĴ޳Ԫ鿪
ǿмǿ޾ɣŸһ󷨣һǿơ
޳һʵôǿˣ
ԪҲЩƵ˵ĹϵǴʱ˵ӦǿŶԡ˵ͻȻʵСӣǲּǿˣ
޳һ˵̣ǲûͻơ
Ԫһߴ߶󷨣һ߳˼˵Ӧǵ˵ǿˣƶǿյҲǿˣһû뵽ǾȻܹô̵ʱԪָ˾ء
Ԫ鼤ѣϵĶԽĿ죬Ԫ¡¡ĺһһĴã֮к
Ԫ齫һַע뵽ͼУֻâһˢһ䵽ͼġ
ֻͼವһֱֱس嵽޳ͷϿգâк£¡¡
±޳ƺͻȻ仰˼
ܾͻȻסһЪֹͣ
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衪
ôķ¡¡ԪɢĹâֻһ¾ͽס
Ԫವһ뵽ԪУ˫ͬһ㣬ɿؽŸӡǣ޳ƹ
޳ſ˫ƴܵ
֮䣬ŵӿ룬ʱһӴ©ϵɣ
֪Ԫжǿãһǧ֮ǰǿռͻȻܵһ㣬ԤеԾա
زȥҲ֮飬˿ֻ뽫Щȫ
ƴˣԪһȣ޳һɿܵ
޳Ԫ顢ԪСǡ׻ʡлȫƴգ޳ʶˣЩԴԴӿ뵽ʶС
һǧ֮ǰҪ޳ĵط࣬Щ˵һǿĲƷ
޳ƴţͬʱʶеı仯Щ뵽ʶУವһ±㱻ǿ̫ס̫ȻԷ
޳˿ҲЩأȻ̫ܹͷˡ
ȥ鿴һ׺Ķ׺ڻԵУЩסʱüëȻһ¡
޳дϲҪ˶ã׺ܹѹˡ
һϣֹЩ뵽׺ڣǰ׺Żˣǵ̺ż侫ûɾȥ׺˵Ǻ¡
ȷ׺û£޳ŷĵģȫܵͻȻ᳤ֶ˵ĸоԭҪɵģǴʱ޳ȴһɡЩ뵽壬޳оԼֿʼҵı仯
Ԫ壡ǴʱЩҵĳǿһĻȻҪ°Ͷžô̵ʱ䣬޳Ȼ˵ڶԪ塣
Ԫ鶼СôоϼһﻹҪ̬Ԫ壬Ҫˣ
޳ûոʵƽޱȣԴ֪ħ֮ʮ֮ǰֻͨʶѣоͷҪǿҪףҪϵıǿԶԶֻһʼѡ
ϵ뵽Լľͼ⵱С
ܵķ罥С˭֪˶೤ʱ䣬Ҳһ죬Ҳһ£Ҳһꡭ޳ֻоԼڵڲϵǿڲϵǿ
ǰɽǵȵͷҪ׵ʱǰǸСڰʱѾⳡƽʱ䣡
ǰɽ϶ĲĥѾ޳ϵĥƣ˴ʱڰյУһ˲˲ĶǻָƽĿռ䡣
϶ŵקȭͷ۾ĶǰͷҲصǰɽҸоүϢûµģԲԣ
ǰɽƴͷۿ΢΢ź죬Ҳһ˲˲Ķǰ˵ǵģϴһû£Ϣû£ʤˣ
ⳡս̫ˣԱ߿㲣Ϊ޳ϢһֱţұԽԽǿǲƴŲȥ鷳ˣֿԿ޳ˣ
ǰһâһɫӰವһ´յд͸Ÿһ֣ܵӿȻֱֱһƬ
ϴ󣡡
ү
ǰɽ϶ϲһĳ޳ȥ
޳û£û£
ɢȥ¶һۣüĿ㣬ƽĿųԼ˹Ӱ䣺Ǿõˡ


1580 Я
ٺеļ֪϶ǰɽۿһ˲˲ĵ޳һȭؿӢǰɣȻϴһҪ㣬ӽƿʲôǻᰲ𣿡
޳ֻվԭصЦţй֪һܼ尾
ǰɽһ£һ˿ο˵ûлķϵ
ǰɽ±ӣͷ˵ǵȻⳡһʼ꣬ȻһֱееҲһķⲻҸ϶˶нϴҿǲǱ֮ǰǿһЩˣ
޳ĵͷ˵ȷʵнŬ
ǰɽ˵ǵȻҲһֱϴǣ
ʱ϶ŴӼлع񣬳ߵ޳ǰ½ϸļһ飬ȷû²Ŵ˿ŨŨ˵үĵˡ
޳Ц˵ˣȥˣҶƽ¾ͺá
ʱǰɽչʵϴ󣬵ʱ׷ʲôˣҿегɷǳǿƣһʼռϷ磬ȫѹˣ׷ʲôˣ˵˵ѽ
ǰɽĺˣȥһ¸޳鷳ʱегⱲδģֳĸо
϶ҲһĿ޳еĵȴĻ
޳ЦЦ˵ҿԪأЩ˶ѡ
ʲʲô˶ѣǰɽԲһ󼦵һ㿴޳һػϴ㾹Ȼôȫˣ
޳ͷɫһֱǳƽƺЩѹͲһ
϶ǰɽﻹƽĲǰȥ޳
ү֪һԵġ϶ޱȵ˵
ǰɽվԱ۴УϴҲ̫̬ˣֱǸǰҪ̬УҪȥԱһϢʵ̫ˣ
ԭΪĽ޳սʤЩееǱˣȴôҲû뵽޳ȻЩȫˣжѾ޷
ʱԭʧطͻȻһ춯޳һһ⣬ವһ¾ͳǱ߳˹ȥ
ô£ǰɽǰ׷ȥ
ҵǽⶫˣСӿ㽫ץסԪ鼤غԭǾ˳ʱɣڽ󷨵̺ЩյԪܾﲻԾ
Ҿ˵ԣɽڣô˵пҲб棬ڱɽСӿ㽫ץס϶̲žԪ鼤ԡ
˵ʱ޳һͷյУ㳲ϸѰܵϢ
һ̣ͻȻȷʵı䣬ȱǰҪǿ̺Ҳǰǿ˺ü
̫ˣмѣವһʩչǧڿռ䵱зɿ
ǰɽ϶׷Զȫɵ㶵ͣԭأѹ׷޳ֻԶѰ޳ϢϣϴҪ̫ܵԶ
ͻȻ޳ͣδյֳֻ͵֣һȭǰһһ̾ͼԭƽĿռֳһ˿ˮȦĲơ
жˣǰɽָǰغ϶ԣһŵĿǰ档
ǿûǰжˣ͸һǿơ
޳ɫصĶǰȻɽʱɽԭСٱֻʣ˸ߣĳǰ
Ԫжûɽл̺žԭȲûо쵽Ҳ֪ΪˣǱԭ򣬴˿赲طɢ
Ԫ鼤Ԫȥߴ޳˵㣬һҪүүģԴ㻹ǵǰԪز֮ڷֵԴһұԭҵЩԴҪǿüٱ
ԪҪˣܹɽշǶ˵Ǳһԣȡ֮ߣ
룡
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һһ㳯ɽ˹ȥԪ˵ûζҪⶫշ
Сӿ㣬ҪˣԪ齹غ
ɽʶԴһƼΣգȥٶȾȻ޳¡
޳ȻԪȼգγӴ˲ǿٶȾȻҲһɡ
ಣ
вϴ͸յ޳ɽͳӰԣӰ㲻ϣµٶȣǾʧ˿һ
׷׷ţ޳ȴͻȻǰһɵ𽥱ǿ
ģȻڣԪҧгݣôû뵽Ȼɽʵ̫ˡ
ͻȻסһ⣬ֱӴԪϴ˳޳ȥСӺ϶ѾͷվȻһУ
޳ֻ΢һ񣬱ԥתسԪжϣʱԪԲЦ
ҲΪĳ룬ǰɽವһ±ûӰ֪ܵȥˡ
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ϴ
ү϶ǰɽżضպ޳Ͳ֪ȥ
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Ϊˣ߹οİɣϴԿռĸ֪֮ǳǿһռı죬ܿͻϹġ
Ļ䣬ǰʹһƿ죬ɫһϲæǱȥ
϶һүˣ
޳һ˿
϶ǰɽһĳȥʱܵĿռŤ֮ವһʽ߶ռһӱŤһӴ͸
޳ٶȳ嵽ߣһһץסǵ־ͳǰӣʱƬռ䶼ڱ飬һҪҵʱͨҪȻͻᱻɣҲزȥˡ
϶ǰɽյʲô˵ʱΨһľ޳
ƬռıٶҪĻҪ죬ԪǱһҪմӵصڳϲľȻܵյֵزղһƬռһʣ£ȫı
ΪǰǸоϢΪȷʵľˣԼٶƬռ䵱ɽ룬´޳ǵȴ𶥵ѡ
ãռŤѾ赲ʱԪ麰
ˣǰֵʱ޳ֻüôһͱһǿסವһ¾Ͷ뵽ǰһС
޴ĳͷת򣬶ǰɽ϶Ǳ޴ֱˣ޳ɫһæεסһ£ʱ÷ǳСѹ޷ת
ΨҹﾡٶȣԼʧʱС


1581 ˼
һƯ
޳оǾǱʱһ㣬֪ʱͣ˶ãЩӡɻ棬һһĳǰ
ǿһһһĻĻڵ˵ʱ⵱зɿţƺܸо浱˵ϲŭ֡
һӢ۵ֿǵ˥䣬һǿֿǵʧܡ˼˥˥ˣȻɣ˭޷⣬ֻҪʱ㹻˭ת
֤ô౯ϣ޳оԼҲòɣ
ʱԪѵʧʱ⵱УоԤϾͻȥˡ
޳͵һѹ쾹Ȼʧʱˡ
˶ӣƺѾûл壬תͷ϶ǰɽΧˣţڳ˯
޳ע뵽ڣ˵Ľëɿһ£۾
ˣ޳ãЦ˵
϶κģһ޳˫۾үû¾ͺá
ǰɽؿڣµ˵û̫ˣҶû¡һתͷܣôʱУ
ȻǻʱУǾ˵ΣջûԶ롣
޳ЩǸ˵ʱ޷뿪
ǰɽżææ˵ϴҲ˼ֻе㵣Ķѡ
֪޳ͷ鿴һ˵׼һ°ɣӦϾܹ뿪ˡ
ģǰɽľĥȭţ뿪ʱ׼
޳Ҳûţϸļһ£һĨϲɫ
Ԫоʵô
޳˵˵ҵн
ͻˣԪǰɽ϶ͬʵ
޳ȴҡҡͷ˵ûͻƣǰǿ࣬ⲻǽ̾Եʡ
ʲôԪ鼤ֱӴܳԪԷ˼ٶȳ嵽޳ʶУͬʱ޳ϬĴʶŻԪವһ¾˽ȥ
һʹԪ˵ĴЦ漣ѽ漣ѽСһŵеţϼһҴˣ
ص̾Ϣһ˵Сӣʦѽ
޳˵Īʵôˣ
ѾϸԼ֮ͬ⣬ûĵطûͻƣǴģ޳˼⡣
ԪЦ˵ȷʵûͻƣʱʵȴѾ˼ת۷廹Ҫˣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ǰֱ˵𣿲ôθڵġǰɽѾ͡
޳ԪʱʱûаУֱ϶ǰɽõǵĶԻһ
϶Ҳһ˷ܵؿţȻ֪׷ʲôǿλǰôһǺ¡
ԪиˣҲȥƽǰɽĻ˵Сӣȫˣ
޳Ȼ⣬ͻ𣿿оͻƣΪҲûͻﾳΡ
ԪȥĻ˶סˡ
Ԫ˵ⲻͨϵ˵ƽͻƣϵĻǴ˿ȷʵͻơҲ˵ܹܵԭӴ˺ü˿̾һͨˣڵȴܿ˼˼ʮߣ
⡭̬ǰɽ૵˵ϴҲò˵̬ģ̬ŵģ
غϴ꣡
޳Ҳʵһ£ӼлعһЦݣҲԼˣ˵ȷʵǸ֮ϲ
ϼһϲ飬Чķϣ㡣Ԫֹģ޳һСģ»صԪУȻСôı仯ղôȥԪûб仯
޳ʱȴһֵĸоĺؿ˵ʵİؿֻ΢ģһȴֱؿ˺üѹоڵ࣬ʵʵΪȴûͻơ
ǰɽս˵ϴԺһʱըЩ־ǿʵҲԲ뵽Ҳʵǿ󣬵ʱ䲻ģֱӸһȭƾܹȫʰˡ
޳Ƴһۣ˵죬ˣ֮²ֻһ˲ˡ
һ仰ֱӽǰɽϵ˷ܴ壬Ƶ˵Ͳܹһǵġ
޳ͻȻתͷ䶯һ£֮΢춯޷ӳľ죬ǰɽ϶һĶ
ǰɽ϶޳һĶǰ
޳ĸоǳ׼ȷǰñһŤأǳһһ
޳һץס˳г˹ȥӦþʱĳڣƯôĵһʱڣԲܹ
ʱ̺Ӵ޳һͷȥ˱ҡȡǰĽѵһǰɽ϶ȫסŲڵǱΡ
֪ʱûж೤һ޳Ϳǰһ˿ǰɽ˷ܵغϴǳڣ
޳ͷǿǰǴĹȴһ˿ɫԭȼ̫Ĺâ͸ϺɫѵǰһƬ𺣣ǲûиоκ
ݲǶ룬ವһ£Ǿͱʱ˳ȥһǰǴξһ˼ٵ׹ȫ赲
顱˱صشڵϣӡ
ԲۣҪҪôѽǰɽŲӣ
һߣ޳϶ٶҪһЩѾվӱϣӶЦ
ǰɽһ㶣ͷһԼһӱˣֻȫĨڵģ˾Ǵúڳһԭʱдݲеưܲ·ʱǲһϣȥǱ
үүģǰɽţǬó·ϡ
һ·ȴͻȻ޳϶ɫǳأ˶ǰһط
˳ǵĿȥ͵һԭء
һĳ޳ȭͷ΢΢Լӳıߡ
ǴʱվһƬɽ֮ϣȴһƬ¶һһӣеĻð̡ѹǸղŵôĶû˵ע⣬Ϊ־޴ײ˷
ս޳૵ΪĹ͸źɫΪһ˼Ѫ⣬춼Ⱦˡ
̫ˡǰɽ˱۾˫ͨĿǰڵµЩ˲ϤģǼҵĻ棬̲סбʹ
ǿ޺ϱ۲֫ϵƮڿУһһײƬأҪѪɺӣ缸Ⱦˡ
ⳡս׳˶òܹγֲң޳˾վɽϣŵµĵ
ⳡս쳣ңģ޳ǷڶԿһ쳣ߴ󣬱ͨҪһһ޳һͨ࣬ǸߴռϷ磬ѹԵʤ
Щߴǿ׳˽Щͨͬ˺Сһ㣬˲䳶ϣһס
ವһһ˵İ屻޳ڵɽϣͨһ޳ըӵС
϶һ۾ȴĶϴĿ֮ϡ
͵һס޳ֱۣүϵЩսףǧ֮ǰڤսף
ǧ֮ǰ޳һ㶣ʱе
ǧǰǳ֮ս϶΢΢ţŵؿǰ


1582 ֮ս
֮սʷҲмأ֪˲ֻ࣬ЩĹżвųֹ
϶ȻǿЩصģ޳ǰɽΪĹżʱ򿴵ⳡսΪ漰ħصظǵġ
ǵģһħսǰЩߴޱȵˣ࣬ħ
޳ۣһɶ۶۵ʹĥ񾭣żеⳡս쳣Ĳҡ
֮սڤ򼸺ȫһѡⳡսħһȫʤڤɱɾߵķŭʹħһ岻ò۾ӵأӴԺħһо
֮Щ飬޳֪ģǳħҡǶ˵һ޷˵ʹĸױǳħıߣֻǵûŪףΪʲôħѡĸס
үû°ɣ϶֪Щʵ޳ɫЩףսСʵ
޳ҡҡͷ˵û¡ּ档
СӣҪ顣ԪͻȻ˵
޳ջǸҪȥȣĬվԭأԪ˵ûǰһǧ֮ǰƬռ䵱УܹӳǽңΪԭƬռɽľҪģȴܹӳ죬һҲûôˡ
һעĺƽ٣ڳȥҲﲻʲôԪ˵
ס޳˵ѾҪȥ˵ͷȥЩ޹ء
һʱ䣬ձ쳣أҶվɽ֮ϣʹĿŵѪɺӡ
أɱѾ˶ɱˣﻹߴħڶѻɽʬ嵱дѰҴߣϾɱǵֶΡ
ҪҪ뿪϶ʵ
޳µͷҲãҰ취뿪
Ǳ䵽¶ϲ㵱еģȻôȻ˺ˣ޳ս˳£þĸϻȥ
Ʋͷһ۵µĲң޳˾ĵķɵУ˲֮뿪
˭ͻȻһŭȣһϢˢһ³߿գȻǳ޳׷˹
ǰɣҲܷ֣ǰɽˣ޳һץסǣɿĳǰȥ
վסȻɱۣһŭĺһϢ׷ǣмƿЩħȫǣ׷
޳һȭգǰɽವһ¾˽ȥ
ٶȷǳĿ٣һʧӰ١ȺħϵѾʧշŭһ
ǣͻȻһ޳ټħ͵ʶһ±ӣյᣬȻ¶һЦݣ֣ͬսǶ˵˼仰
ħ¶˷ܵЦݣ޳ʧķ׷˹ȥ
޳˺һͣǰɽſڵϣ̲סͷ˿˵ܵôԶӦò׷˰ɣ
޳̽ܲ鿴һ£ﲢûħϢӦû׷
ʱڵһСһЩգǸȴɫҴңǷʲôһ
ǰɽ뵽ȺУһץһʵүææʲô
λүһͷϵĺżغСӣôȥʰܰħҪˣǵľӴ˰̣ħһͷųҪڤ̤ƽǻҪ˵һǶȥͶݵݣҲӰɣ
Ǵү˵žͼææǰȥֵÿ˶λүһҴҵҪ
ǰɽص޳ԣղŵĶԻ޳Ƕһ޳ȴüͷתͷ϶ⳡѵ飿
϶ҡҡͷ˵ҺûпħѪϴŶˣΪħһסˣǶܣķǳңһЩ뵽򡭡
˵ǵס˿ڣҲǺħΪ˼򣬿һʼҰģҲ֮γɵģǲħһ度ģ޳ĸ϶޳¡
޳ҡҡͷһͷ˵û£߰ɣ뿪
Ȼ߻ֹⳡƽǾûʲôˣ޳֪ԼҲԲ֣ҪȻıʷ
ǻû߶ԶǰʹһһսͻأĳǰյС
ħǰɽ˲۾ЩŵĿǰôô׷ˣ
ǹȻ˵ûζѰңһܹҵǣսһСɽһߴħ޳¶һɭȻЦݡ
޳鲻Խɪһ壬Щ˿ǵĿѪǶһ㡣
޳üͷһ壬ѵʲôζһ·׷ٵ
ԪʱͻȻѽһд˵ˣһϵζ㻹ǲǵõᵽѪҺζԲŷҪ
ǶǹȥˣûҪ˰ɣ޳ʶлЩ˼غ
Ԫһ䣺û£һȥ
ֹһͷͶ뵽С
޳ʱȴ˵һѪҺʲôͬΪЩħȴ¶̰Ŀ⿴ԼҪһ
þѪҺСɽһħͷֳ̧һӶŸͬ˵ץסץס꣬׸죡
ӣ޳һץסǰɽ϶৵һ뵽յУȺħһ£û뵽޳ôٶȣ׷ȥ
ţǱ׷ˣߵǶܹҵǣ
޳Ԫ飬ʲô취ܹڸϵϢ
ҵʱ䣬׼Һǰôһʱ򲻵ѣĻҲܹسͷڱʱɡԪ˵ű㿪ʼٵĽ
ϾҪַµķҪķѾ޴ʱ;Ԫ鲼÷ٶѾ˷˼Ҫһʱ䡣
ʱ֮ڣ޳ȱס˵İȫǧע뵽УγһӴϣɿǰȥ
ǣߵûþͻħǾƤҩһǣ˦˦
ѵϵϢôǿ޳ˣٶѾˣȻ˦أ
Ҫȥ򣿡ǰɽ
޳ҡͷ˵ԣὫħȥ
ǴʱôͱЩħҵΪһֱڱڤתڤʱħǱܡ
ȥĵطȻѡ
ô죿Ŀ̫ˣѹ˦ǣǰɽż˵
޳Ԫ飺㻹Ҫ೤ʱ䣿
Ԫ˵Ҫĸʱס
ĸʱ޳һʱĿǰ˵Щˣڻǵòͣӡ
ֻǲŸͣһԶħӰ֣һǾ쿴Ǳߣ׷
ģ겻ɢǰɽԹһ޳һܡ
Լ޳̫࣬ΪǷ֣ܵö죬ͻħֻҪ˦ǣ׷ϾС
һֱЩСආ׷ϻãħеĸִϢҲȫ׷˳
ǰɽԶǺѹѹ׷ħô۸ʲôӢۺú
˵ˣܣ޳־һӣǰ壬ĸˣǲܸͻ
ĻŸ䣬Աߵ϶ͻȻү㿴ĵطһжˣ


1583 ƻ
޳ܣ
ħһ޳Ѿ̹û뵽ǾȻݵ־ء
ӦҲǷ޳뿪ڤ¸鷳Դ˿ڱڤ׷ţ֮ȫɽѣûһõġ
ȥƬڤ򶼻ᱻǻٻǰɽ˵
޳ͷѸŹڱڤⳡѵĺļ䵱вûйڱڤݻٵϢ䵱бڤǱһƬ
ͻȻ͵һˢһ¾ͣԭأǰɽ϶ܲһײϡ
ϴôˣ
ү
˶ǵĿ޳޳ʱ˫ȭȴͻȻ߬ţϱһǿŭ
ôˣǰɽͰ͵˵ţ޳ŵˣϴǲԲġѵ
޳˿˫ȭɿǼǰУ͸һ˿ʹ
֪ıڤһƬ֮أȴ졣
԰ǰɽȻ󾪣磬ûб⣬ϴ˵
ڤǱݻˡ϶૵Ľӵл⣬Ƭϵİյı
˭ͨȻܽƬ򶼱סǰɽ𾪵ʵ
޳תͷһܣֱȺɽ׷ţԽԽЩħһĸڲʲô
ʲôǰɽ˵Ӧִ㣬ħԭ뽫ҲģǺ˷㲻֮
ǰɽͻȻ˵ȻƬȻ⣬ǲǿССķһ£Ҳʲôشĸıɣ
޳ҡҡͷ˵ǲҪϾֻҵĲ²ѣһΪԭ򣬵ʱ򷴶ỵ¡
ҲǣǻǿӰɣҪ׷ˡǰɽ˵űһͷǰȥ
ⳡ׷ûûˣ޳ʶħķֳǵ治٣ÿﶼǵӰ
Ҳˡʱ֮ǰɽһĴЩħô࣬ǲӵﶼܲˣȥǰ취
޳üͷ΢΢ţҲ֪ǰɽ˵ûǾԪ鲼󷨻ҪʱǱס
վ˵ҲǲһǵӣȻôǣҲ֪ҵԭʲô
˵ǰɽ͵һ´ǽվŵĿ޳˵ⲻУħһʮǿôˣһʱһ֣ǷǳΣգ
Ȼ޳޳ǰҲ˵ˣˣħһһ֪ᷢʲô飬ֽڹǿɲðա
޳ȴǴ⣬Ѿ̽һħΧ£˹ȥȷʵǰ취
˵зִ磬ǵʱңסܷʲô飬
Ȼֵزǰɽ϶ҲٷʲôͷĬĸ
޳ֱȥûþ뵽ħİΧȦУħȺ߳һͷϱһ·ǵӡ
ӦǿСΣֻǿȥͨಢ޶£ɢǿҵѪϢʾһħȻϵ·ȥ˭ᷢ״
ôˣƵĿ޳ǡ
޳Ŀ˵ȥǵ졣
ħмؽ޳ϵ´һ˵ôĿ˵ͿԼˣǲ̫Լǻˣ
޳ɫ䵭ĿǰɽЦһħ˵Ȼˣֺα蹷һҧǲţ
㡭ħͱǰɽŭŭĳ˹޳˫ĿһವһͬһһֱָĲˡ
ֻһ˶û޳ôֵģǵӱһֻƤһ㱻һɾ޴סһ˦ȥ
ӳħǴ󾪣ܹȥˤ߻صħתͷĿ޳λ겻ٶȿ죬ʵҲǷ
޳ǰһӸµĿǣֵ˵һȥǵ졣
ȺħҲҽվĿ޳һۣתһԲسǰȥ
޳һһ̾ͳǼʻսϣǰɽ϶ϡ
ǣĻȴŭԣֻܹ¼ʻսϻȥ
ǰɽվϣ̾һôȷʵһԼ
˵ץսϵһʯ븹пʼ
Ⱥħʶǰɽľٶҧгݣʲôֻ뽫޳ǰúõĽѵһ¡
ȻСôǾͳȫ
ǵٶȺܿ죬һһǰڤΨһĽˡ
ЩСආûʸģǽ޳ڹſڣȥʱһ޳սȥ
޳һһ㣬򶨵սѹûо쵽龰仯һǰɽ϶ȻżҲ򶨵һԽ
ǵٶȺܿ죬ûǾͽ뵽һƬõС
ŸһȥһɭϢһӽսסˣǶͷ˳ȥ
ܱþĵģ·ֻʣ޳ڵսѡ
޳˫һһڱսӦѣ˲ͳ˷顣
վܡ
Ӧǹտ͸һأϢ̫ɭ޳úоһõ󷨡
û⹬в˺ǿ󷨣ԪһȤ
ȻЩʶͻȻǰһϷŰವһ£һӰͻأĳǰ
޳ƽĿǰһߴӣ˿ȥһһȴɢһرɭϢԭⷿڵϢǴɢġ
ʲô֣ӿ޳ʵ
޳޳ģڴͬʱҲڴԷ
תн׵޳Ƚһ£ӦñȲԼȴ̽ѰʵΪ˵ΪӦҪ޳ǿࡣ
ﾳΣת׵Ϊȷʵǳܿɹ󡣡ӵһĨȤĿ޳
ﾳεʵرڵһЩܳ꣬Ҳܹﵽȵ޳Ϊ
Ȼ⸱òʵѾһٶĸ䣬Ҳֻתнף޳ʮͷͣȻܹתף˵ȷʵǳ𾪡
޳û˵ֻƽĿΨһĿľ֪ΪλԼѪҺȤ
򶨣Ӽڵҽڤҵˣû򶨡
ڤ޳΢΢Щ죬ڹżвûм˵֣ǱڤⳡƽӦûмزŶԣⳡƽٵķߣôܻû֣
ֿܣһǺ˺ⲻȥأԶûʷĺУһֿܾǰȻǵһ֡
ڤʱЩȣʹţ޳Ȼֵ˵ЩȤȽˣ޳ɢǸζӸȤ
ͻȻ˿˼ζһ㣬һ̾㣡
ǰɽ϶ˢһ¾ͳǰһĿ粻ӡ
ڤſЦѪĶ޳ͻȻױһͷ¶Ѫڵİ˰ǵݣʵף


1584 ѪҺ
⣬ˣԪһ޳ѾʶӦǰɽ϶Ѹٵȥ
ү϶ȴѿ޳Լ֣ǰһ򶨵ĵͻȻָݵڤ
ڵʲôңʵԶ֮ϣǰɽżغȻ϶츳ھԵʵǰһʱͿսʤġ
϶ȴǳ򶨵ҡҡͷ̧ǰһ
޳ӣ㲻ֹ֪϶ǸзִģжȻʮֵİա
϶ʱľǲڤôħ˫ȭѵ֣޳Ҳܶһսʤ鲼ڤħл֡
ҺãǼռңǰһǱϰƳһֶԸħ󷨣ֻҪ޳ȡһʱ䣬Ȼܹסڤ졣
ֻǬͳһŰԣһף͵һܣнһħ󷨣
ͬʱָһ৵һµԼģʱһѪ۴쭳ɿĽƳǰӡ˹ȥ
ˣ
һʱԺ¡¡תȻôͱˡ
϶һĨϲɫķžһ³ڤ˹ȥµɫĹâһȦһȦһһסڤ
һ̷ǳĿ٣ڤŸճҪͱħס±ŭԾ𣺡ƾССѾͷסңǡ
ߣΪԼж˲ħǼռгǵľɣһ󷨿ħʱҲܳƳ϶˵
Ƶħ󷨣֪޳㱻ĥͰ˾ģһҪҳħİ취㲻ܹȫɱҲϣܹסǣ޳ȡһʱ䡣
һֱүɳֻû뵽޳ĳɳ˿ٶѡټʱħһѾΪȥħҲһֱûôû뵽ˡ
ҲţôԿԿңڤŭĺţ˫ɺ죬ͣһһͻľвϵ
޳˫һɿĳڤ˹ȥ϶Ӯʱ䣬ڣҪȫĿס
Ǳ޳ܣڤ޳һֻӥһ㳯ԼߵôһССﾳҲŹǵģ
׷ɱǵĿ㣬˭Ǳ޳ܣǰɽǰһҸ㣬ҼϴԽսɣ
СӣҲɱ㣡ڤŭ岻ϵţͷϵİɢ̹⣬εĽסÿǰһҪһʹ
һ̣޳ĹѾǰȫռһһشɽһ㣬ˢһڤѹȥ
γһޱȾ޴ѹѹŸһ֣һ磬ŭϣವһ¾ȻݶƷˣȺһΣŴ
ǰɽһˣȥҪֹЩ˳޳ʱҲԼͻȻһû뵽ռһ֮Ȼ֪յˣڵãǿ֮֮ͻΪ飬ҪСĿţǰɽ϶Ҳꡣ
ڤһŭĶͷϵ󷨺ӳ֣޳СȻڳԣ⼤ŭñܼǸ
˵ű㼯Ĭһֻವģһа磬һɺɫĹâڱ
޳ᣬ£ڶռһѾ׼ϣ˫Ŀһбȣɱ

޴ײأʹĺռһ֪ײʲôط˼Ҫ˵һ㣬һС
һ׶޳ͷһӼٵȥû뵽ڤȻٻһôĵɢĻֺ֮һӾͽѹ
ɱȺħΣ־߰ɱźĳ
򷨿ħ𣡡ڤ˫һУбȳһֻŽһĵ͵һ٣ʱ䣬ɢһ⣬৵һͬһ㣬ɢͷϿա
޳ſ˫ۣ͵ǰһ٣ʱ֯һɣ৵һ³ǺŽǶȥ
飡
һҵײƬռ嶯ԶͻȻһʹ϶ͻȻӿеصˤڵϡ
ͬʱǺŽǽƳ϶õɣſڵϿȳüѪ
϶ǰɽ״еɽǰһӣѸٵչһ޴ϣסЩħɿĳ϶ȥ
޳ɫһַʽƳ󷨣϶ڿ϶˲ᣬĿڤһָ䴫ģ˳žѸٵĳʶȥ
һ׶֣س룬Բսʤ
Сӣ﷭ҼˣڤһֻŽǣɿĳ޳˹
޳бһ⣬ҽ͵һ磬Ȼ˫һ𣬽ȫͶ뵽ʶУɲǼ䣬ʶವһ³ƶüһ⣡
ȵıһһɢŵȻֵ˵Ĺ죬˵Ѹ١㿴ȥ˴ȴһԵĿ־塣
ڤһ㶣ʶľúŽȥ޳ȴͻȻ˫һţӸ߸ߴȻһӽǺŽǹס
ڤһ㶣漴ȥץ޳¶һĨЦݣͻȻһգ˦ȥֻɢǿϢĵȻİ֮¿ٵĳԶնȥ
ôܣ˶ˣ꾹ȻһͽסҽͶ뵽յУôģ
㵽˭ڤҲˣŭĵ޳ԲһֻﾳεСʵ
ʵڤ˫Ŀɺ죬ߺ޵ص޳˵ֱܴ裬ʲôڴսбһԼĶֽ߷ߵģ
޳ȴڿնһӴƴüڶȻֱֱĳڤ£
дڤ׼ŭˣŭĺţͬһֻһ㣬˫ôԼؿڣһ͵ıǣһһİθߣϵ·飬һӾͻ˻ҽ
ã쳷ǰɽһƼڤı仯Զնȥͬʱ϶żĿ޳һۣǰɽȥʱֻܾӣȻΪ׸
𣡡ڤһȣವһ±㳯ǰٶȥ֪޳ʵҪĿֲ࣬˲ûֱ׷ǰɽǡ
룡޳кݹһͬһһ׷ȥڤѾ죬û뵽ħʱȻܹǿʱҪȵҪҪȻҲħ˫ؿˣ
˭뿪ڤڿƮһһ֮ռ飬Ƭײ޲𹥻ħ֮£һŵѪ
湻ݵġǰɽתͷٿٶȱȲ϶ʱѾ϶ǰӡ
Ǵһ£үϾˣ϶ǰɽɫԽԽ԰ףο
ǰɽ󺰣עӣ
ۿڤѾǲ㼸ԶǼˡ
ɱͻȻһȣǰɽ϶һɣವһ´Ӱյеȥ


1585 ɽ
ɱһɼµɱһӰգǰᡣ
ϴԽԽ̬ˣǰɽµ̧ͷϷƲͷ϶Ҳĺˮ¶һЦ˵İɣϴѾ׷ˣʱˡ
϶˫ĶŰյӰʹһͷ˵үһܹսʤ
ǰɽɫҲͬϷ˵ûʹΣҲȲϴı
顪Ͽմҵײһɺ嫵ƻһ³ܱɢǰɽɫһ䣬񱼣ӣ
ôôֲ
޳ҪڤŭأȻֱӴ͸գһ̣Ǳ͸յ¡¡ĺһ׵缫ĳֱֱĴڽսˡ
׵磬Ҫͻưɣǰɽһ𣬺ͣתͷۿƺϴӦûٴͻ˰ɣ޳ı̬ٶȣʱƺпҪͻˡ
Ȼˣ׵ֻǱڤƴ͸գӭȻͷѡ
䣡һʱ䣬յеڤЦҲ޳ҪʬΣ
˵˫۷ڿл裬һֻħһ㡣ֱ۵ĽЩ׵羹Ȼܵʲôǣһ㣬˫ƾۼһ׵۵ģ̵ɢǿҵĹâ
޳һ붼δͳǰɽǳȥһץס˼ٵǰȥ
ǰɽûӦʵôˣΪʲôҪӣ
ԪʲôңӰԪүҽ󷨣ֶ޳˵Сӣǧ׵򵽣ҪȻզ󷨿ɾ͹һˣ
޳֪ӿٶȣǧٷӵ˼£ɿĳԶնȥǰһɲȻ쵽׵統̺ľڤ֮£ȻγһǿıУڵͻᱻߣԾԲðգֻˡ
Ӳҵĵģڤŭ׷ͬʱķħһ嶼ȫ׷޳ĺǣɱ⣡
үүģҲ̫ˣǰɽڲȥ򣬵ڤħһ壬Ҫӵȥ
ټһʱԪ鼱˵뵽ԪУٵĽֻҪܹסͲˡ
޳ղϸĵһ£ڤʵȻֲԼڻ㹻ԪϵĻԺһƴĻȻڤĶʱȻʷı䣬֮ǰ
ڤȻᣬ׷ϣ۳һһŵ׵֮⣬ವǡ
һʱ䣬޳Ǻ󷽲ϵҫ۵׵âһвӴܡ
Ҫ׷ˣǰɽתͷһۣżĶ޳
޳ҧѾٶȷӵ˼£ڤ׵֮⣬ٶȾȻҪ죬޳ͻȻٶȻԸ죬׵֮⵱̺ľǴ˿ûйȥĥٶȣֻƴܡ
ӲģڤԼ޳ԽԽӲ
ħһھ֮󣬶Ȼ֮Ҫǿ࣬ȻÿһζɹǸղ⵱оȻ׵֮ʱ׵֮İ֮绢ǿȶһ
޳ôҵģΨһһһҪץס㣬㵱ħһǰٴڤзߺ޵롣ԭֻҪץס޳ȡڵѪҺ꣬û뵽СӾȻ˷ϣֱ
ɱе׵֮۳һɶǰ޳ĻҪֲ޳Ƕȥ
ˡ
ռ䶼˵һǿ糱ˮһ㳯ǰӣ޳͸оһǿѹ޳һһҧ³һھѪǽٶһɣವһʧǰ
ǰɽ϶һҷ޳ģ⾫Ѫ󣬵޳Ȼϣۡ
͸ճܿյвħһ塣
ǰɽħķֳҲ̫ǿ˰ɣôô࣡
ʹǿĸ֣˶ĴҲðȥսΪĲ
޳ʱȻԴɱ䣬֪ħһȻʰɲ
湻ġ޳ЦѾûĹ˰ɣƺҲѾָо׷ɱţµ·͸һ˿ȴһٸԼȥԲ
ɱڤܿ׷ǣһһŵ֮⳯ҹкüΣ޳ŸողЩıΧһͻᱻ򵹡
ȥɣڤĵǣ˫ǰĻһֻЩ׵֮ͻȻڿзŤ˫ҡڣȫۼģ۳ɵĹűԭҪСࡣ
һҿôӣڤЩ׵֮š˼£Լ뵽ŹâУವһ³޳ȥ
ã޳һҲܵһɷǳǿٴ³һھѪʺѪҺŸһ֣֮γһѪϣ৵һ¾ͽ˻ס
飡׵֮Ĺ֮һǵ֮ϡ
޳һΣһƺߣһ˿Ѫǰɽ϶Ǳֱ˹ȥͬʱոšǵϣ׵ĥ֮Ѹٵʧ޳ǰɽܡ
ڤҪըˣķһȻҲûס޳ѪɫʧķԽԽʢ͸һ˿̰ѪҺɢϢԣһҪõ
ɱɱɱħһֱ׷ǽһһ赲޳ǵǰ޳һͷţһ㣬Щϵвϵĳͻɱ䣬ֶ֮ôܲɱ֮γһѪӣһ
ʹˣħһȴǰ̣ȫһ
ӣڤҲҧŲţһʱ֮䣬ڤ˷ǳ𾪵һĻֻһλԹȥķɿǰӴܣźѹѹһȺħΪһ˲ϵͨصе׵֮⣬ͬһҫ۵Ļһ׷
һʱ䣡Ԫ麰һֿʼͷ󷨣֪üӿٶȣ޳ȥ֧Ų˶ãɱѾˣûĻȥȻ췣
飡ײ޳ƺѾһУʱоֻһͷǰ壬ⳡ׷һ
СӱʧԼԪ˼
޳һ͵̧ͷǰͻȻǰ֪ʱһ޴Ӱ֮޳æתͷǵ͹Լٶȣȫܲһͷײȥ
飡
ˣ
ҵײͻȻһ̶ǰӰ֮޳˾޴ײ֮¾Ȼ˿ûлٻı֮ɢһǿϢ
޳͵һԾĿǰⶫɽ
û뵽ⶫȻ
ʲôڤüͷ̲ססԼĶ䣬ⶫ̶̫ˣ
ᡪɽȻڲϵıǣһص棬޳ɫǰɽǵһʱҪߴ࣬ǰͬһֻϡ
ǿϢڤ˫һУĿǰͻȻֵɽ
ˡɽ䵽棬ԽԽǿ
ԪͻȻˣӣҪˣ


1586 ı
ˡ
Ƭռƺֻʣһɽ΢΢һһǿϢɽɢȻƬռ䶼Ť
ʲôڤĿǰ׷޳ˣǰͻȻֵɽ޳ɿֲˣ⵽Ǵðģǰѹû˵ֶ
ǵ𣿡ָವһ¾ͳɽⶫʱɢϢǿ󣬺пĳһԶʱĵ֪ʲôԭͻȻĻǾһһҪõ
޳תͷһ۲ħһ壬ĬĬĳԱȥ
ҪȥֹǣԪһ߽ŷһ޳ɽԾıƬռֱӾͻᷢ츲صı仯ʱһʱ䣬ȵɲС
޳ͷ͹ڤٶȣ׵֮Ѹײڶ֮ವһ¾ͷɵɽǰϸĴһ£ԽԽǰĶһɢԻ󣬾еĹžͳɽ˹ȥ
ģ޳˲ȵףҪֹѾǹವһ¾ҵɽϡ
һ̣ɽʱҵ޴أһһֱ˵ĶĤʱһƬħһȥ˲ڷ
⵽ʲôڤŷԼˣǰⶫѹԿġ˫ֱͷ۽ѪƴĻԼ̶꣬޿ղ룬ֱӹ뵽ʶ飬ʵֲ̫ˡ

޳ޱĿɽ𶯣Ĵ̶ר˵ʶħɥڴˡ
׳գ޳ƳڤһۣͷҲصĳ෴ķȥɽѾˣٴȥǶ
޳ĹڤŷӦŭĿ޳ķһҧҲ׷ȥһ׷ɱ޳ǱһصĶ׷ɱ
ֻɽȻֿʼٵɢһһѹͬˮȪһԱȥˮȪһѹ֮һ١
ɽѣǺɽͳһƬ˼
⵽ʲôڤͷһۣԼ˾Ȼ֮һ࣬ĶʱЩ˲ǵĶ
޳ûڤȽɽҪֲࡣȫ͸ⶫжôǿ󣬵ʱɢһѹѾľսԾԲԴС
裡
һͻȻͷ޳һϲԪǲˣһȴͬһ㣬˼£Ȼͬɽϴģ
衪
һɱ⣬֮γһشжȫɱ໹ħһ壬ɽغӴȫʧ١
޳ܵס壬ھѪһγһ̵ϣʹˣǷ֮¾ȻҲٵر
Ҫ
Ҳ
⵽ʲô
ָĺͬħһ㣬ɢһ̱üž޳˫һգʹϢЩӦöˡ
ҲģҲľȥ㵽ʲôǱװŪҡ
ڤĺȻֹһ޳ѾоϢ
ȻҲ׾ٵɱˡ޳ﵱеǾֵغ
ôĶѾоѹ̽һһͻȻֵɽʲôô˿ֲ
޳Ҫô㣿ʵ
档޳ֻü˵ôһ䣬ֿʼ˼ٵӴܣѾྫѪܴ󣬲ܹٺȥˡ
ϾͺˣСһҪ֣Ԫ͡
޳һһʣ֪֪⵽ʲôȻǰ˷ѾĻҪסһǷǳҪĶ롣
֪֪˲ܰսʤ޳ɽʲôĶ֪ôǿ֮ǰҪεֿ
Ԫȴһը˵ô֪ҪػѵҪס̫ǿ޷ֻסѹ޷סֻܽԶʧǰֻҪƣ˾Ͳȥ
Բۣһ޳Ҫˡ
ԪɽǶ޷Կǻô򣬲ԣӦǻôӣ޳ͻȻԼӶӲȥ
ԪοֻʣģһַˣѾھͣһҪסֻҪܹȥǾͿӳ졣
˭Ҳ֪ΪʲôӣԭҪֵסħһ׷ɱȻҪӱɽӶᡣ
ûӶᣬ޳ѾɽʱǰһҪһɱ޳ɢǿΧ޳ǰγһ޵Уһ˿һ˿ĳ޳ڵ
޳һѵǴһǧ֮ǰӹһʱҪǰ޳Ǳ߶
ģƻٴһ㣬ռˣǴٿأԪߵϲ£ԣֻɽš
𣡡ԪŸһ޳оһõͷȥֹǻѳڣﻹü
֨֨֨
ͻȻоﵱдһ˿һ̽־ȻǼڤģżغ
ô̽ȥʡ
֨֨֨ڤĲ֪ΪʲôͻȻֵ÷ǳżԭزϵĶڤСڤģƺҪȥ
ǺҪܡֵÿһһСǣԴӼڤı޳շ֮ǻûбֳκôˣ
ˣ̬ȻһУСӿӣ˵ˣԪͻȻ
޳ֱˣѾٶȷӵ˼£ʱﻹܹټӿٶȣٶľѪҲġ
ǱͻȻһ޴ĺǴ̶һԭȻҪǿ˺ü޳һģ㱻ⲨϮĴӰյеȥٶҲ
һɲ
תͷһĶʱֻһɺ嫵ƣһɼı֮
ѹּڤĻôүүģҲҪðڴˣɽȻ˱ȼڤĻҪǿ౶ı֮ҪƬռ䶼ס
⣿⣡޳׻һ㣬ףΪǧ֮ıڤȫһƬ磬ѵΪʱɵ
ǣʷȴûмرڤɱԭǻΪһʼӵġ
ΪʲôǱڤȫˣӦҲ֪Ϊʲôûκἰ£
¡¡ɽı֮ǿƣȼڤɢǿ࣬ôһѾڤסˡ
ƴˣ޳Ҳŭˣžһͳڤģ˵Ƭռ飡
֨֨֨СڤĿȥǳĺ£ӲϵĶţ˵ǲΥһһС¿ʼٵĶһһ֮˲佫޳ܿռ䣬ȫŤ
衪ɽ쵽ڤĵĶƺܵ˼Ĵ̼ͻȻһޱȵķǱ֮Ȼͬ˳һ㣬һӱʮɣ츲صĳ޳ѹ˹
ɶ񣡡޳ݺݵȭͷԭҪüڤĴ͸һռߣû뵽ɽȻܵĿռȫסˣԪ麰ٲɣǾͶˣ
ˣֵغɽȻֱֱĳ˹
֨֨֨СڤĺµҲ˲ãһͷ޳ĵﵱС
үүģԪ鱻ǳĻһ£һҧһַˣ


1587 
衪
衪
衪
ڽϾһ㣬ɽԪͬʱһһǿҵ
޳ػʶ͵ֲ̫ˣ㱻ֱӻ飬ǰɽ϶Ѿ뵤ﵱУҪȻѾ޴Ļҷ
޳Ԫ龹Ȼ޳ȫǳࡣ
޳˵Լ˻סʶ͵ģȫһԵע뵽ԪС
ҸԪүүа壬ҵҪ㵽ǺηʥԪһ˵ţһ߿ٵӡһܹסɽΪɽ󷨿϶ǳϤּǣٵƶԪء
ǿһܵĿռ䶼Ťɽƺ£ƱԭСࡣ
ͳڣԪ޳޳һɽȥԪ˼Լ֪ɽʲô
ȻǾ;ԲԴ
裡ɽû뵽˾ȻҳԼʱŭһһǿƲϵĳ
óĸһЩɣ㣬ɢԽԽãԪָԪĴЦɽɢգ
ɽڤ򶼱ˣ»ǿ޼ɵĴ߶أеһжݻˣʱյ᲻ռԺʷӰ죬ѾĿǷΧ֮ˡ
ûˣôʲô˵Ǿڲգǧ֮ɻͻȻĪı٣ĪĶǡ
õ˰οԪ߶󷨵ٶȸӿ޳Ҳӿٶȳɽȥ
衪ɽڿ޳ײʱȻǺһһ磬ʹ΢Сһ磬Ӵɽ˵ѹֵһᣬ޳ȴ쵽ˡ
һ䣬ɽں£
⻹ϡ棬ɽ֮ǰյˣʱһǿճ֣ŵҪܡ
޳ͻȻ˫֣һ˷˼Ķһץסɽɽʯغ°ɣ
ɽ̺ľ޳ǳȤԣԲԷߡ
СĺãץסǧˣһҪɣԪЦ÷ǳ⣬û뵽ƾȻ˼ٵת䣬ԭΪҪһս뵽ɽȻẦǿգ
裡
ɽƺǱˣ޳ץԼţʱƴ
ʱ䣬ⷽռ죬һһϵĳܳɢļ֮糱ˮһ㳯ܵȥ
޳Ѿܲô࣬ǿղϵܵ
𡪡ɽͻȻһͬħһŭ񶯵ԽԽ
ǰɽ϶ѹʱ򿴵ľһĻɽһµĺһƴҪܣ޳þİסӡ
ǰɽ˷˵غϴץסⶫһдڣץҲ֪ʮ֮ǰ׷ʲôܹԽʱأ
ǰĻǰɽǵ÷ǳֻϧǳ鵱УҲΪˣûκζҶ֪ɽȻЩйءǼȻ֪ˣŹ
ĸоԪغЩоһַǳǿĳʵУƺǰյЩͬԪһʱҲ˵ﲻܾͬãЩ˵һ㡣
գƴա˿ֻôһͷ޳ҲƴգҲͬоЩﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣͬЩԪأƬɽ̺ҪéٿĸоֲһţܾﻹҪƴա
ԭǰһǶƭ˹ȥԴѹûбգ׬ˣԪ˵غ
޳ҲǼѣ˵ֱڿһ⣬õĲ̺ľʹС
ûǴУѾЩȡһЩƬΣǿӡǣȵͣЩӡգȻܹһʱĲƸ
оʲƸΪ׼ģʱǹջԼĶһ
֡ôͷ޳죬Ԫĸ룬ǰͻȻһŭ
Ǳ̫ˣ
һһǿһӻ޳ʱͶ뵽ŤʱС
ô£ǰɽǶһ
ԪЦһ㶼ûòܹնϧ
޳Ҳһ˿Ц⣬ȫÿϧˣһɽһǳǿĴڣҲˣһӡǣҲһǿޱȵħޣǲɽʶģյѾˣȥĻǳĻˡ
֪á
û뵽Ԫ̾Ϣһһͷ굽ԪУ޳˵ҪȥЩһ£ｻˣסʱˡ
޳ͷʼסԼΣȻͣǿǿסͷת
⵽ôһ£ǰɽ϶վ޳ԣƵʵǰιȥˣҲ֪׷ʲô顣
޳˵ڤıӦþɽɵģȻĿǰ֪ǲΪҸղһײǵͻȻ򣬵ǰĿǰܹڤҲֻɽˡ
ǰɣǶô̬˵ǰҪػĶô˾ǰɽ벻ˡ
޳ҡҡͷ˵ĿǰԭҲܾҪǻǾõķɡ
ĵףԸɽǴŻʵġ
ô죿ǰɽһܣֱ뵽ʱУǰһԱֳһ棬ǹһС
ǿɽıǨʷĵˣһоһ
޳¶һЦ˵֮֮ɡ
һƯǰξʱӳҲ֪˶ãȵǰһƬʱǶʱдЩľˡ
̫ˣˣ֪һֻᵽʲôطǰɽ˷ܵվԾԾԵĿǰ
Ȼǰζ˾޴鷳ÿһζǳգϴõջǳڴεó̡
⡣޳վĿĿǰ
϶վСˣֻЩǣÿһǶʮ꿿һ㣬֪һλᵽʲôطԽǰ̺ԽǿҲԽǿ֪һλ鷳ϣүܹƽȹ
ۣǿϢڽӽǰڵʱǰɽͻȻ͵˿Եĸ̾
ȷʵǳǿ󡣡޳Ҳ˿ǰϢǳľһéٿ
ϴ˵ǲһʮ֮ǰɣǴû֮ǰ˵ͷǳľǰɽתͷ޳ʵ
ͬʱѸٵչһͼʼʮ֮ǰ;ȴﲻˣһ̶ȣԲ뿪
޳üͷ΢΢ʮ֮ǰòӦòŶԣһʱͣʱȻȽϳҲֱӴʮ֮ǰڶȻ֮ǰɽиӦĻкܴĲġ
ٶ඼Ȼһͷ뵽ǰĹУ˳ʱͨһ뵽һȫµ硣


1588 ȫ
ȷʵһȫµ磬ľïϢһٵľ
޳ڼǰʱͻȻоʲôԭǰǸ統еȫһֲ̬ġ
ΪĹϵǰڵǸȣƺǶɢ͸һɻɣǰһУɾ崿͸һϢ
ĺøɾ£϶̲ס̾ŮӶЩǳĸԣʱһǰЩһӾ˹ȥ
϶СһЩ޳ЦĿ
ү㿴Ļݺޣôо⵱к̺أ϶һֻһ㴩һƬԵУתͷ˷ܵض޳
϶˵ժһ仨Ȼֱн
ţ𣡡ֻèһ㣬ͷ͡
ѾͷǶ˰ɣǰɽɵ㶵Ŀ϶Ȼ֮ǰʱѾýʳô䣬ӦҲڶ԰ɣ
޳һֱЦſ϶˿ûþȣǾŮӣԵɰ
϶Ѿժ߹ݸ޳ǰɽһһ˵ǳԳԿ⻨رǰռҵʱͺϲԣû뵽ҲУҲ֪Ƕ֮ǰĺѽ⵱оȻ̺үԳԿ
϶ױһĽǶ仨޳ϣеĿ
޳΢΢һ㶣ͷһеĻ䣬һɫĶ໨䣬걥͸һɷҷ֮ǰûм
϶æ˵ж廨ռֲݴ˵ȴԶŵʱһֱСرģ˵ԭ̺žֻϧںŵˣһصռ֮㷢ǣԭǸΪеɢˣԳҲҰǵʳԣˡ
϶˵Щ˼ͷү᲻Ϊǲèˣûˡ
𣿡޳ЦĿժһ껨꣬ҧһڡ
⻨꾹Ȼڼһķ㣬˲ڿӴ㣬Ǻóԣζ治ѹ϶ϲ
ôó԰ɣ϶˷ܵʵ
޳ͷȷʵĶݸϲͶŰɡ
϶״СĽ˻ЩգүǸӺôϲЩСŮϲĶأҲ֪үû
͵͵һ޳ȴ޳ЦĿɫһ죬æŻͷȥЩ廨̺žݴ˵ЩǳǿȻڲûиоرĵطܹûġ
һǰɽŽɵҲУɴ˷ܵ˵̫˵㣡
ܲ˵Ľӻظ϶Ц˵ҲŮϲЩĶ
϶ͷͷר־˴ݻС֡
ţǽЩȥǿһᾪȵΪŬôǧĽЩ廨ȴסǵ̺һֱⶼǴеһź
ѾڻǿЩʱľžЦ
޳Ҳȥתͷ鿴һܣӦþ֮ǰǧ˺ܳһʱ˰ɣΪ̺ȷʵԭȾࡣ
ǰ׼ǰסǣҪȻŸһ뵽ռ䣬Ȼᱻǿٴιȥ
Ԫ飬֪֪Ǻη޳ͻȻΪԪ顣
ңǸôô档ԪֹһͷʼЩʱʱķһֵ֣
޳ΣҲȥԼ߶̽鿴
֮ھȻһӰûУҲ޴ӵ֪ʲôʱ򣬹ЩֲһЩֲﵱ̺ĲȻ
һ϶ժòˣؿһЩɹ֦ͷĺ޵Ļ䣬ת޳
ˣ޳ʵ߰ɡ
һٴγҲ֪Ҫȥֻһǰߡ
ǵǸҲһͺˣ̺žÿ֮䶼һǰɽ̾˵
ѽѹֳһֱ˵ҪǰĿռ䣬û뵽ô졣϶ҲǸ̾Դصռ֮󣬳ʱʱľ͸߶һЩЩ顣Ϊȵ漮мǰãó㽲ѡ
һҪҵ仯ԭ򡣡϶ͻȻȭͷᶨ˵
޳ͷѾоҵǸԭüޣһʹУصѹļͷҲ֪ǵǸôˡ
ƺ뵽ʱѾãоǵǡ
ϴûоܵƺ仯ˣǰɽͻȻӣʵ
޳һ㶣ˢһ½ܵһƬռ䶼סһ̣ɫһüͷ
ôˣǲôù˰ɣǰɽŵʵ
ѻ졣޳ЩεĵһۣĿȴ˵ǰɽ¶ˡ
ǰɣǰɽžһ´Լϣ˵һʲô仯ǰζǿռ飬οǧˡ
ڶԿռ鶼Ӱˣÿζӣȫ޷мܣһҪϴƴǣζ治ܣȻջǾ޴ģʱʱôһ£˭ܵˡ
޳ӳһӾը޳˵ϡ͡
ϡͣѵ˵Ǹһˣ
޳ͷûȥ̽һʲôʱ򡣡
˵ʩչٵĳǰȥǰɽ϶׷ϡ
˴Լаʱǰ̳֣ѰһСĳһѯʣȫɫҴӣڸϼѣ֮ûһԸ⾲شǵ⡣
޳Ҫʩչǵʵʱ϶ͻȻһץס֣ȵغүǧ֮ǰط仯ʱ򣡡
޳һವһתͷ϶ŵ˵ǵķǧ֮ǰеĶ̹ӣΪ֮ǰǶǴųģֻǧҲųֵĶ̹ӣټı仯Ӧþǹżмصǳ
޳ʷ˽⣬ʵʲô
϶ռҵĹżмʷһЩ仯Ȼ֮ǰڤ˵ʷûмؽȥǶǧ֮ǰı仯ȴأ˵ʱ䲻֪ʲôԭصеС֮٣ⳡѱʮ֮ǰȴС࣬ˣԺ˷ǳ޴Ӱ졣
˵϶ͻȻתͷޱȵĿ޳˵үǲǿЩʲôıֱ仯
ǰɽԵĶǲܸıʷҪȻǺпܻزȥˡ
ǼȻˣΪʲôһЩŬŤתǬ϶˵
޳һ϶Ҳ˵ûΪʲôҪԸЩ仯ȥı䣿Ҳ϶˵ģܹıһЩ顣
޳ͷջȥԪͻȻ˵ڵûȥıЩҪҵԴͷʮ֮ǰǳ仯ǧ֮ǰֻһСѣҪľȥѰԭҲһᣬǽҪȥıı仯ͷջȥ
Ԫ쳣ᣬѾû޳˵޳һȴѸٵ˹Ԫѹ
˵ͷ˵ˣİɡ
ɼʹ޳ǳѣʵı仯ǳϣǰûãһģסǣϸĽǴһȻֱֱĳ޳ȥ˳ȣ


1589 ƴ
˳ȣһˢˢعһأеͷڵϿĵֱ죬治˭˶ס
޳ЩɻýΪһˣ˵ɣ֪λǺ⣿
˳ȣΪһϵĿ޳ʱɢĹâ޳ڿžһ
ǲϴ޳ԼúܣǲŸճЩ˲ʶǲŶԡ
λȴҡͷ˵ûϴǸܵǿҪҵˣȣ
޳׹ԭǣΪԵʣʵ֪ҪҰʲôæ
λӼ޳ƺЩɿڣ˷ܵ˵һȥæⳡغƽ١
޳һ㶣û뵽ȻΪ飬¶ɫ˵ҰﲻæǻѰɡ
˵űǰɽ϶Աһȥ
һ˼޳Ҫߣż׷Ͱ͵˵ʲôǶӦֻܹȣ
޳Ϊ˱ģǣȴʼΪ
ˣⳡƽÿһ˶Եģһֹÿ˵Ρ
˾ѾƳ˵ֿƽٵ󷨣ȴҪǿѾۼ˺ЩˣɲŰ˳ְæģʲôǶ뾡취ӦҪСĵСϧ
޳һмһɸжжǵϺִţжǵļᶨˣβóȻɵĺԤ֪ԡ
ͣסת˵λǸϽȥ˰ɡ
Ѿˣ˾Ԥ⵽ⳡƽܹڽ֮󷨵ֵĻɲȵʧʱƬᱻɣҪ˵ﶼ÷ǳѣʱȻһƬ˼ѵļ鷢ıǸӣҲܴȥλۿ˵
԰Ҫˣ˲ǵжԵģĻ̥ģȫ׳Լ벻ͨΪǰλܹģѵ֪ݶĵ
޳̾˿ǰɽͷҲصǰȥٲ̣ҲվֻһͶѡ
㡪Ӽ޳Ȼ֮৵һ¾׷ȥһǰߺ޵˵ûӲĳˣϹۣ̰Сˣ
ô˵϶һ޳ߵǰҪۡ
϶ɢѹָѾɫâŵһһǰһ磬һ˵ɱܹǳȣǾҿǳְæһҪҪȻﶼˣ
˵žȻӶԼеĳԼĲĨȥ޳ɫһֻһ৵һ´ĳ˵㲻ˣĿԳְæǶȻвѵĿԣ̨ǲҪˣڻʱ䣬ϿȥѰʵ˰ɡ
޳˵Ŵǰɽ϶ʩչವһ¾ʧԭء
ߣӼæ׷ȥòײŷ̺˾ߣԲԷߣ˾ǱѾûкʵȥۣôһжҪ군ˡ
ϴĲ֣ǰɽ׷ȺЩ̵ʵ
ǶǽѪյˣ飬̵ܹסԼЩ֣ʱ˳ְæ龰޳ҲǷǳܣĲܹ
׷ϵԽԽˣ϶Щĵ˵ǰǧ֮ǰռڱħ׷ϵݡ
뿪ɡ޳һģӿٶȣֱӴﴩ͸ճȥ
λ޳ҪգǰͻȻһٵ졣
޳һ𣬸æסΣ͸ǿֱӽ䵽ϡ
ǿǰɽ˷ǵǣΪǰ˵ΪԶ֮ϣ֪Ǻ»ǻ£ȴֿżǧ֮ǰĸǡ
Сһ㡣޳һǰ˾Ѿϵǰһλʮ꣬ЩӣľȴǳĺãֻǴ˿ϴһ˿Ƕѡ
һ˾ͽĿ޳ϣһ£˷ܵ߹޳˵ҵˣλСֵܣҪҵۣһˣģΣǶᱣ֤İȫԲ£ֻҪһͿԡ
ʱȺҲ׷һλӣ£˾
Ϊ׵Ӽæ˲亹ҺϢļʱ˾ϵˣӦû˵λ˰ɣ
Լǰ̫çײˣλ־ʿҪ뿪λҪһᷴ
޳ȴɹִҡҡͷλ˾˵ԭ£ˡѴ
˾ɫһ䣬ĵ˵λСֵ˼û취ˣҲ鷳㣬ȲˣԪ½ܻԵĴʱ˶޷޷ѵĿ鷢ʱҲġ
ʱ޳еһ˿ɻ󣬾ǧ֮ǰطı䶯ϡ٣ǺԹֻûô˶ѣֱǧ֮ʱǰӲſʼٴα䶯ϡٶѣΪȴ˵ʱ涼ˣ
˾޳üΪҡˣǰ˵ģֻҪϴӦʲôҪǶᾡȥ㣬Ҫ˾ҪΪߣǶӦ
ԲܹߣôãҵһģֱΪƳ뷨ģǿ󵽿ֲǣ̺žоʶɢ֮Ҫģ
޳ԽԽȵĿ⿴ĻڣʵǰǷпʵⳡƽѵ𣿡
һô˵˾Ӿ޳ӦǾԲдΪмطѾ飬Щı䶯ʼǴɽֵģѾһƬ֮أݽ֮󱻻硣ֱ仯طӣǾԲٵˣҪȻʱھѽ
ɽ޳û뵽Ȼ֣ǣǧ֮ǵ統ɽǡ
ȵȣɽ޳ͻȻãˣϸĻһ£ȻԴӽ뵽ɽ֮󣬼һһصĻþþеôʵģҲ˵ȫûнӴʵѵ˵һƬ֮
ͻȻ̧ͷ˾ʵɽǷһϹŴ󣿡
˾ɫһ䣬ȵʵô
˵һס˿ڣĿ޳
޳һķӦ˹ǵطӦþһϹŴֻӦûû˲֪λ˾Щ˾ܻҪ˵
޳ȴĿĴ𰸡
ЩǼ״˵һԡ
ȥȥ˾ɫص˵֪λСֵε֪ģûһϹŴǳƽǻɾϹŴġ
޳һ㶣ôܣϹŴģôᱣɽأǵûĻϹŴӡһǳֲĴڡ


1590 ӡ
ʹǽգ޳ԵɽǸصĴȻ£֪Է˭ֻɺһ̱ˣܹоǶǿ
ϹŴʱʹڣɽеشھӦŶԡ
һеô£޳ԽԽңĲ²⣬ȴ֪һȷġ
˾޳ƺĶǴ˽ӣʵСֵܣǴӺε֪Ǹģô֪ɽ淢飿
޳ûлشĻʵǰǲ֪浽׷ʲô𣿡
˾ͷһҪ޳æҲûжֱ˵ǷֵʱϹŴѾʼʲô޴ƴȥ鿴ǻȫˣֻһƴֱܳ˵֮أˣҲˣ֮ǸϹŴҲûܹ
޳ЩƣѵʱϹŴֻ֪ǽɽʱϹŴѾ΢ҲףϾô꣬ϹŴôҪȻҲټʿǰȥˡ
޳ʵ֪ɽԭʲôӵģ
˾صɽԭطҲͬС죬ֲֻﵱ̺Ҫطԣ࣬û뵽һĵطȴҲ
˶˵ǰһֱǵطʲôڣȥβ̽ûзκ״ģҲ˾裬û뵽һȴô顣
ǣǰ϶仯ΪĶ𣿡޳ʡ
˾ȴǳᶨҡҡͷ˵ӦòǸеϵǷ򲻿Ƿⳡƽʮ֮ǰĻطУǵһضܹġ
޳ͨһǿѹסĵļʵǰɷ֪ʲô
˾ȴźҡҡͷ˵ǻûҵ󷨣һԿȥһΪҪѰǵ󷨾ΪȥѰƵģ
ˣ
޳֪Լеһұöˣûټ
ҲľıʲôȻҲ˳֣ΪĿǰ˵ʱȻҳӦԵķԲûȥҲıĽ֣ҪҪȥ̽ԭҪ֪ʲô
ɽҸҪٻȥ浽ǲ֮أϹŴʲô
ĴӦˣ˾˷ܵĿ޳û뵽ͻȻı⡣
޳ͷ˵ץʱ䣬Ͽ߰ɡ
ԱȺ޳ľһĿ뿪
ǰɽ϶Ȼеǣ޳ȻѾ˾ǾԲˮ޷˵֧
ܿ죬޳Ǳ㱻˾ӵԪĳǣԭֻǽĵطǧ֮ǰԪòûзı仯޳֣˵ػûɳĮ۵ټɳĮ۵Ӧþһǧ֮ǰģֻʱǵһжˣҲ֪뷨ôú˵֪ģǺԼ뵽ġ
˾Ϊ޳ӦǱøӵĿֱǷΪϱһ㶼ûϵļơ
޳Щ˼˵ǰˣֱӴȥ󷨰ɡ
ãá˾ΣææĴ󷨳ȥʱ˭ûףֻž콫󷨿ֹⳡƽٵӡ
ʱҪʱᣡ
ˣ˾ĳǵ룬˵Χźôһˣ˼ǹ˷ܵΧ˹
ߴһϢҵס۵ˣ˾˸
̫ˣ˷
ҶмĿ޳ֱ˴ˣ޳ǵͷ̧ǰȥ
˾ָǰһյأ˵￪Ѿ׼ֻ꣬ҪһͿֱӿʼ
޳Ŀȥǰһһɶ෽ԲĿ׵٣̫ʱѾ˸ַķģһЩ˻Ÿָʯͷæµš
ʵ󷨣Ҫʲô𣿡
˾Ц˵Ѿ׼ˣʱֻҪס۾ͿԣĽǰɡ
޳ͷȻж󷨵ĿɿȻЩɣǰЩܳ־ӣҲˮдǰɽ϶ˣһЩ飬㳯ſյȥ
ǰɽ϶һ£޳бǵ飬һҧת뿪
˾ЩֵĿȥˣǼ޳ûһ˿ӣҲ˵ʲôϾ˼ֵ֮飬ԸҲû취ҡ뵽֮Ҫ飬ɵ΢΢̾ϢһĬĬ֮٣ɱǰ
޳ѾԼվ󷨵ģ˾ǰʼɣǰǰõĲУס۷κ鶼ɢעԼأ𣿡
˸죬͸һɱʤġ
һȻĿȻвûʮȫİգȴ쳣ᶨҪʤ֧ǣκ費
үû𣿡Զȥһξ϶ǵ޳ڵķ
İɣϴзִ磬˵ǻǰɽȻҲЩǣ֪϶˼Ҳ뺦ż
ǿץʱɡ϶˵űһͷ뵽յУǰɽ׷
һߣѾ뵽׶Σ˾ڰյпɢһҺɫĹâһȦһȦγһ޴ϣסƬյء
ʼ˵
˾Ϊ֮һÿ˷ɢųһԲȦվԼķλϡ
޳վǵģĬĬĹ۲Щߣۼÿڶ̺ǿȷʵ֮¶ȲʵǷڱ𴦣ɲС
ǿߣ˶𾴣޳ӵ̬һоǵ״̬
ͻȻЩ߿һȻֱֱĳ޳˹
Сֵܽʱ˾
޳һ㶣û뵽󷨾ȻַҪȫеһ
ۡ޳ҲЩ֪󷨻
šһЩȫע뵽ϡ
СֵܣЩ뵽ܵʯУ
޳ͷЩ뵽ԼľУǱ仯ڴ뵽ɢܵʮſ龧ʯС
ֻһһɰ޳ӿγʮŵ⣬ವһ¾ע뵽ʮſ龧ʯУһ̾ʯâɢǿҵϢ
ȫһ£ԤϵĻҪã˾Ŀ޳֪ûҴˣ˱ĻҪ
޳ʱѾȻˣҪãЩߴ͸ȫ仯ڼԼһִ֣λע뵽ʯС
˾˷ܵغ󣡡
ȣһһŵڷɢע뵽Կڵϵ·С
һʯĥڱƶһ¡¡У·貵ĹâЩâವһ¼һ㣬ವһ뵽վĵ޳ϡ


1591 

޳Ǿ޴ƺһû뵽󷨴߶֮£ǿѹģȷʵͬһ㡣
ҲҺǷǳǿܹΪĳߣֻҲ˹֮ҪۣҪнЩͨ屬ɢȥ
ס˾˺ʼģע뵽γɵǸ޴ϵС
ֻԭȹ⻬ͻȻһһķģЩһƬƬͼͼɢѾʵĸı䣬ޱǿ
Щâѹȵɢڷ֮ϡ
߶ǵõ˹һʼƴĽڵǰ··䣬һβע뵽޳ϡ
޳͵ı⣬кڳܷΧ֮ڣЩǿĳȻǰЩкʱŤо
Ҳҿۣǻ˱ˣʱͱĻΪҽˡ
ס˾һȣٶȸӿˣƵǵɢĹâԽԽǿ
ͬʱµЩһǷһ㣬ٵĽڵ
޳죬û뵽һϾȻ֪ΪҪǱʲôԭ֮£µ˾ܵ˹ƻһ㣬ʼƴĽ߶
ͻȻЩǣȥǻľ
϶͸˷ܣ˿ǻõĺ˿ȫĽ߶
Ȳˡ޳עȻô棬ԲܹǣЩȫھУϵٴͶ뵽ЩʯС
С˲ðԶЩżع۲߳ǣ޲޳ǿˡ
ѽ֮ҲҲǿˣһģҲûһܹȰɡ̾
ܿɹǣǿ󣬶ڵǳǿʵڲһġʵǿϧˡһλ׷ԲԵĳ˵һ˿źص̾˿
ϣô˵ϧæǵһܹɹġһλһЩֵʵ
λ̧ͷǰĿ˵ȻɹֻǿϧЩܳߣλİˡĿǰһмģǳɳȥԺĳɾͲɹϧ
Щ˵ȥˣĬĬĿǰֻһн˳
ԱߵЩԻ󣬵ǰ󷨵ڹؼʱ̣Ҳٳš
ӡ󣬿˾һֱȣ˶Щ󷨵еȫ߿յУٵſھƮɢһһķģЩĵоȻ̺žǽԼڵȫע뵽Щĵˡ
ЩķɿƮ뵽ǲϵУ˾Ĵ߶֮£ɢںһ͵档
䣡
޳ֻоܴһҵĲʮſʯȻĳ֮ºȻ飬ԭ̲ǵеȫɢ˲䲼Ƭ󷨡
ۣ
Χվܵĳ֮һɳȥÿɫǳҰףѪеֱӻȥ
˾ڶ׼ϣ
ϣʮŸѾ׼ãವһ뵽󷨵УʼǰһϵĴ߶Լڵע뵽Կڵϵ·С
޳һ£û뵽ȻһˣΪʲô˾һʼʲôǴʱѾ
Щɢ֮ڵȻ뵽ڣһЩɢΧγһС
ЩעɢЩ֮ϣеԽԽǿ
֮˾ͻȻֱۣȵ
󷨵еʮλҲͬĶͬʱڵǱ˳һȻȫܳע뵽Χ޳ܵеС
ǣ޳һЩ߾Ȼزǵ֮ǿҵ󷨴߶ֱ֮ӻѪʵ̫ˡ
ѵ󷨵Ĵɲ룬ΧŵѾʼתһǿεĿס
޳üͷһɲõͷȻһЩоȻӿ룬ھеȻذȥ
ܵľзȴͻȻ˾Сֵǧ򲻿ɷҪȻ͹һˣ
޳Ҷǣ׵ûǰ龰Ҫǻ
ˣǱĳˣԶյǰɽżĿĳǵķ򡣴ʱһ޴УӴƺоǰһǧǧ֮ǰرˡ
үأôүӰ϶żĹ۲ţ޳˿̱аţȻ
ԾǼӿ춯һҪڳ֮ǰȥǰɽߴٵ϶ͷҲصĳճȥ
޳˿̵ȷʵǳգܵԽԽǿڰ
ߵˣһϣǽԼȫ׳ˣڻһ
ǵҪʲô޳һŭǳ壡
˾޳ӦѾ˹ʹ˵СֵܣԲסˣģϷ㣡ֻҪ󷨿ϷȻл
үүģ𣿡Ҽ˵ɱ˲֪ٱ㣡
˵ţŭķһ޲ֱӳȥƴ޳ȴĿ
Щȫһ£ÿ϶ǳĳʹҲˣҪ󷨣ֻס
СֵܶԲסȫҰɣΪԪ½Ҳֵˣ˾˵˵еѡҲˡ
оӡ֮ʱȷʵǳ˷ܣҪӡÿ˶סˣǼʹټѣҲܷСҳȫңЩ˵ȡԪ½İΣǾֵá
ֵøƨԪоѹô˵޳ӱ¿ˣҲǸ߹㲻Ҫ㾹Ȼܵ˼ҵ㡭ˣ
޳ĬڣֻȷʵЩߣЩ˲
ʱܵԽԽǿô˵ؼףѾӵһļ£˿̺һŸ߿ճȥ
飡Χǵķ飬˾ܵһӸ߿յе۵³һѪûȥ
ǵĿģλܹ壬Ԫ½ڵ顣
޳㻹ڵʲôѵصе𣿡ԪıˣһûסСӾȻܵ˼ˣȺ˵Ȼôȱµ顣
˵ʱ취Ȼ˵޳Ϊ˲ΪԸԪô޳ʱˡԼĺӱһȻֱЩƫģرԪҲ
ߣԪһģȴûмȥ
޳ʱû˵עȫܵеС
ھ󷨵ļӳ֮£ɢȻ֮ǰɽ
Ԫ飬Һ֪ʲô޳ͻȻ˷ܵĶԪ麰


1592 ط
Ԫһ£ɴһŭʵ㷢ʲôˣ
޳˵ˣˣее
˵ôأԪҲ̽һ̽ȵĽôôǿ󣿡
޳ͻȻһ䣬һĨ˵ǵȫ򵥰
ǣǧ֮ǰˣȻܹΪ߶ӵ˵ز
ǰܵͻȻ뵽ҲЧͬķǷԽٱǧǿȡ
ܹɹĻǶ޳˵һܵ
СӾȻЦôɡԪҪˣôǿΪǿ׵뿪ˣǲܹʩչأοҪҪ㹻ʱ䣬ѹ
޳һ㶣ֻȥ۲ееˣºˣ﷭ˡ
˾ӵϱ˲վевûз춯ŷĵ˿˵ҿʼ׼ɣסһҪסеıҪȻɸӾ޴ѡ
˵ͷɢվܡ֪ʲôʱۼ˼ʮߣÿԶǳأǽǰУǧŰپʮ˽ܵվܣڵȫ߶󷨵·С
˾ٴڿգͬĿһҺɫϣһϲܷģǰΧܣ¶Ϸһг߿յС
ҲֻܾˣҪ֮ϣλСֵܹܵסС
˷İɣλСֵܵǺǿִԴģɷţȻ仯
Ը˰ɡ˾ĿУ֪Ϊǲ̤ʵ
޳ȻԴУȻ鷳ҪҲûôף
¿鷳ˣԪһܣ޳˵ȺƥȻƺ˵ģѾôˣԲܰ;ϣ˿ȫ󷨵Уֻܹתѹܹ߷ȥ
ֱӳأ޳ʵ˴طţֻʣͷϷһ·ҪȥҲֻһˡ
Ԫҡͷ˵ǸӦҲţӡѹûг·ȵȫֻܱʯȫûпܳȥгյţɣ
޳зȷʵǴˣЩѹûҪǻųȥе̺ԽԽǿ޳Լڵڱٳȥ
ģȻҸԪүԪŭˣžһĴԪϺȵȥŸˣ
ǲԿأҪס޳ڵʱ֮ڻа취ģ
ֻезһ޴ĺһԶŴڱһһɰε͸ŵ˶һ
ʲô飿ʲô˴󾪣ĸͷ˾
˾ɫһ䣬ЩǵĿУ֪едʱΣǵԤ֮ڣ治Ӧ÷Ŷԣ͸ǿϢľ
᲻Եʣλ׷ԲԵĴ߹ǵ˵
˾ҡҡͷ˵Ѿûлͷ·ˣܷʲôҲֹˡ
Ѿһ룬綼ѾǵĿ֮ڣǴ˿Ҫ뿪ɹֻܹϵͶ
ʮǰ̵Լ׳˵£ֲ˽û˭ɡ
ⳡսǲͻˣΪǵļˣΪǵļ԰ֻѡ
޳޳ʲô޳ֻ뵽̽Ѱʮ֮ǰµĻѣûκ壬ԲԴС
˵Ҳ֣ȡ۵Ļ˭޳Ԫ顣
˭֪ǿǰҲҲˣǧ֮ǰԪ½൱ߴڣѾˣκһ֮µ鶼վ
ȷʵ޳ڵ磬޳Բ϶ǵһжˡ
˵ûˣӦý󷨿ɹŶԣҪȻȫ֪ġҲ޳Ҫһ̽ԭ
黹ЩΣרڵһİ취ԪҲ׼ôһ£ˣڵҪ뿪ǵȵҲѾȡ
˵ô࣬뵽취ûУʵ
е߽֮£ħѹû֮أǱȲ޳ȻҲ޳Ķ֣޳ʱڵѾ㹻ˣѹҪǵģǾԼǳûá
СǣëСɣ׻ʣȫŵΧһСǵ֦ĳԱչԾԾȥ˵æ
ǶԹԵĴ޳˵ǿģһȥͻᱻɣҪǵʱȻỽǡ
ԼСĵ㡣֪ʱӦø޳ѹ
СӣеԪͻȻ޳˵
޳ͷһĳϷȥ
ͷϾһӿ£ֱֱĳ
򲻶ԡ޳תͷವһ³߳ȥ
ӵ˼£һһû뵽еС

޳ȫһƺߣʵ̫ǿˣͷĿѣ޳Ĵߴ֮£ѹûл֮
Ԫ󺰣ȥ
㣡ವһ´޳ʶг˳ǿĻһӽȼճһƬգ޳ȫˢһ¹סǣٵĻصԭء
ǿҪ˾ǰ쵽λɢǿֳӰһĻǶˣ˭û뵽֮£λ꾹Ȼ
һΪʱѾ仯òˡ˾̾˿ȷʵǿĺÿϧ
ϧãԪͬ
취У󷨵Ӧں˷ͼƣˣַезǵѹƣҪȻѹûʤ㡣Ԫ˵
Ƶ˵˵⼫Ʒǳϡôоÿ˶õӡ
ԪһۣԪ½սôҿ϶֪ʹطҲиǿķ֧ţӲƴԶǲ
ðɽ׼Ҳûˡ޳˵Ǳֵĺ򶨣һ㶼ģе㲻̤ʵðɽȥռ©һԣǾֱ뿪ǰ뿪ѣȻ˵뿪ˡ
Ԫ˵Ƕ뵽Ԫаɡ
ԪһʵҪò壿
޳˵ͷ˵û㿴׼ʱ屩ǵһ̣պҵ꣬һὫʶ뵽굱С
ǿϧˣò״壡Ԫʹϧ˵
޳ν˵ȥͺãҲдһ٣֮˵Ķã׼ɡ
޳㡪Ԫ鲻֪˵ʲôã̾ϢһһҧСһԵ뵽ԪС
¡¡ĺԽԽ죬Ѿ޳ڵƬռȫŤصйᴩһ޴ǱնǼеҪҪ޳ڵ죡
һ̣޳ֻʣһͷûȡĵ׻˭أ
һ̣оһӴ˺һ̣һͻȻ᳹أҡ
漴һֻɫİƴ£һС


1593 ֮
䣡
ҵײĻڵʵʵ˵һȫ䵽ϣѪ͸ɵԭء
ҶˣŵĿǰһĻֻǽɫİͬĻһ㣬Ȼиضˡ
⣬⣬⵽ôһ£׷ʲôˣ˭˭˾ӵ˵ˣ𾪵ĿемСĽɫơ
׺ѵ̫ʱˣԪ˳޳ܣϲĿͻȻֵ׺
޳ҲǼѣ֣ˣ
׺ĵͷת¾£С
׺ͬž˿һ֣жתٶȸӿˣһһ˺֮ϵĳǳײȴ޳ɢѹˣˣһǿɴͷϿյǸᴩ룬ҪӶǵ
׺͵س֣ϷһɫĹâзһȣ˭ң
ֻصһĵĽⲻ֪ʲôͷϷȥܵеҲѸټ
Ⱥȫˣ˾ɫ԰ף૵ʧ𣿲ܣԲܣǲʧܣҲʧܰ
ݺᣬ˶ΨһϣˣеȻڼٵСҲڼȻյǹͻȻֵֻƱˣⲢܽʲôɻټ滷ȥ
ô죿˶˾
˾ĬĬر۾Ҳǲô࣬Ϊʲô
ڣ޳ܵı仯ͻȻЩżĶ׺˵ӡֹͣ
СӡԪ鶼֪˵ʲôˣھȻҪ÷ȥ
Ϻֻǵһֻ˫ӡһһĴƮ
޳Ԫ鶼סԪ飬һ壬ֻӶҪˡ
СӣȻǲǣ׺Ʈһģ૵˵
޳ҲˣûмַԪ鿪κһ󷨵ַҪء
֮û޳ʲô£׺һ˶Ҳ֪Щô쵽ģ֮енһ㷨󣬾ȻеסˣǷӡȴûֹͣǼɹת
ȫ͵Ŀ⵱У׺ӡγɵһޱȹϣεӡա
޳ףΪ֮ǧԪ½ܹΪ׺ӡЩҲΪˣӡסʧҲģϵԽԽ١
ɹˣ˶Щز㶵ĿѾʧ󷨡
󣬻˾ȷӦϸĸһܵı仯˵״ˣĳɹˣλͻȻֵ꽫ӡ뵽˲֮£ǳɹˣ
һƬ˶˷ֿܵЦ
λСֵܣĶл˾߹Ҫ޳ǵлǻû˵꣬ͽܵһĿ⣬ŵü˶ʱ˺ü
׺ջĿ⡣תͷҲصĳԶȥ
޳£ĸȥ
û˸׷ȥղŰʵֲ̫ˣǸоǱٶ࿴һ룬Ի
ԶյдŮǿ㣬ǰĳˣףôˣģүأүȥˣ϶¾Ϳǰ߷ľ޴󶯾ջǷŲ¸˻
ֻյͻȻһֻɫƣһӴϢضǵĶǺòײŸϹȴѾˡ
϶ȱżϴһûµġǰɽҲͷ󺹣һɿǰ塣
˾عǺû£Ѿǰȥˣ
ǰɽ϶һ㶣ٶȸȥ
ǰ޳ʣĬĸϺзĶ׺ʱ˵һ䣺ҡ
׺ͣǲܵģ޳׷ȥʵָղŵĻʲô˼Ϊʲô۵еԭ㣿
׺ͣͷһּۣǰߡ
޳±ӣƺо׺˭ǵˣѵûϢã
ĥһ£ûǻʱʺˣû뵽׺ȴͻȻش
ģӡҺԭӦҪ顣
ʲô޳סˡԭӦҪ飿
ûʣ׺˵һ䣺ĲǵáĬǰߡ
˵˻粻˵ء޳еʸӶˡ
׺ǲ˵ʲôˣ޳Ԫ
ʲô˼𣿡
ʱԪǰ޳Ȱ棬ݲһֵ飬Ƶ˵˵ĺ
ΪλǸǡ˵͵һ䣬ʵ˼˵׺Ǹʱˣ
Ԫû˵㿴ֵͬˣΪ߶˽̶ȣ
޳ɫһʵҪ˵ʲôҿԺܿ϶ǳǸʱġ
Ҳǵõ˭Ϊ֤Ϣ˲ޱȵ׺صȥ̽׺һСɽͨ˼ңһзǳߵ츳ţֻϧ˵ҺСͱ뿪˼ңĴˣٲ粢֪ĴڣҪȻһţȻ˵Ŀ
Ԫû뵽޳ôķӦһ£ȻЦ˵СôӦʲôû˵ĲǣֻȷʵйŹ֣УҳʱˣһǴԶƮһĻꡣ
޳ֳԼϣû˵ʲô
ˣ˵£Ԫ鳶ǻĵԴˣϺĳָӦ㷢ûУ
޳ͻȻһƤƵ˵ʲôݣ
С㣬˵£Ԫ쳣˵ѵû֣ÿһΣյʱܹĹͷ֣ңƺǳΣҲǳΣҲ֪ⱳ󵽵ʲôԭ򣬵ϸһ£ңҲһɹǶȴûУʹǰɽǻ׺ȴûжҡ
޳ϸ룬ôһ£׺ξһ
㶵˵Щ˵ʲôأ
Ԫʼ˵Ҳ֪СϿ϶һ޴ܣӰѾڳ
޳ˣһʲôǵãôڣ
׺ûж޳й޳׺Ĳǵûֱ߲֪Լ׺ֲ֪ԪֲһԪʧˣôϺΪʲôأ
ͷ󡪡޳˷ͷͷۡ
ţͻȻɲЩĿǰͻȻͣ׺ʵôˣ
׺ȴĵ͸ĵ￴ʲôһ
ԪСҪʲôҸ㣬ǿһģ
׺Ҳ˵ô޳ﵱеԪ飬죬ͻȻתּĬǰȥ
С۸ԪүǰɣԪߵ˵Ǳˡ
ˣƶˣڻ治Ķ֡޳ֻ˵ѵüԪԱ񣬻ˬ
ûĵĶԪֹһתԪзŭ˵´βˣң
޳ЦЦû˵ͻȻǰɽ϶ĺ׷
ϴû°ɣǰɽżʵ̧ͷһǰӰɴۣϲ˵ţˣ˵󷨵Σôˣԭţ˳ˣ
׺ûһǰߡ
϶ϸĽ޳Χſ˺һۿ˵үû¾ͺá
㵣ˡ޳һ˿⣬ǰȷʵ֣׺֣ʱֻʣһˣҺһжоա
ʱǰ׺ͻȻͣתͷ˵·ˡ
˵ţͻȻգʱҳһռնǶһĿǰȻһҳһʱ


1594 ׷Ѱ
ʱѾһӣ˻Щ޳һֱһ⣬׺ʲôˣܹͽִһʱ˵һڣ
׺ȥ˼꣬ͻȻеǰɽԼ̬ʱ飬˿иоĲ죬ǵǰɽİɡ
ϴ㻹ðɣǰɽս޳Сʵ
޳ƫһǰɽһǵĿԼһ£ʵôˣ
ǰɽε°ͣͷ˵ûʲô
ղſ޳Ϊϴܵʲô̼أӦû£׺ȷʵصģЩͨѹͲţ˵硣
СġһֱĬ׺ͻȻ˸µˡ
޳һ࣬ˢһ³չ漴͵һЩôǰЩһ
ѽЩоʵˣǷһǰɽʱһν뵽Ҳ֪ȥǷδʱٶҪǰ֪࣬Ϊ׺ĹϵǱʲôԭ
ʷݡϺ˵
޳һʷݣʱУ
Ǵ˿̻ûʽ뵽ĳһռ䣬ֻʱĺдЩȻȥʵޱȣǶֻʷʱеһЩӡǶѣʷݵĻ˵ЩֳĻһռ䣿
ҲʱѾԳһռ䡣޳½۵
ţСġϺ˵һ仰㽫עܣٿڡ
ү϶޳ԿһĿܣ˵ڹżпʱлȻʱһֱΪʱֻһ˵ѣھȻˣǻǵþ裬˵ʱЩε쳣ֲ
˵ŴǬһ̷Ĺͭݸ޳ҼŴĹž̽յħ޵ټ
ȥػ޳ʱ򣬼峤Ǳ㽫һбϣͭһ֮󣬱һֱϣ˿Ҳó
޳ӹϸĲ鿴һ£ͭŷ·ĳͼľȴһƬͭƬʵǣһ㶼Ǿӣ޳ⶫôԳΪӣͻȻͭƬɢһΣȻ漣ĳһ˿ƣлֳ
ǰɽ϶شչ϶˵û뵽ͭôзӦˣݳ˵ûзӦءү쿴⻭浱еĶʲô
Գ޳ɫһһ˲˲ĶͭеĻ档
ûһͷԳһͷѪֻӴܵľԳ˿Ϊ񱼣ƺʲô׷
ߣϺͻȻ˵һȫסٵĳǰȥ
ϴ⻭浱еľԳڳǳɣɱǰɽͻȻָǹͭ˵
Ӧǵġ޳תͷһ²Զһ㳯ǰȥһ̣üͷͽǰɽ϶˵Ǳжˡ
ͷԳɣǰɽָŻ浱еͷǱľԳ˵
׼޳˵ǾԳٶҪǿ࣬ѾԽԽѵʱУǵٶȼ
Ǵ˿ֻܳΪ޶ѣһֱյУӦǵٶȻ÷ǳ죬ǳܵ谭Ҫ˶ãǾ׷ǡԪ
Σ𣿡ǰɽǵʵ
ûΣ׺ܵô𣿡Ԫ뷭ۣȺСôԽԽ
ˡ޳ǰ˵һ̣ͻȻ׺ٶ͵һ㣬ֻоԵĲǵջֻܹס壬Ųڱ޴ɷ顣
Ҫҵĵжһ£ⱦԸЩܻЩáǰɽ˵žҪȥĵϡ
洫ɽȻϵ𣬵ȴǿģǰɽΪӣѾΪһһһо޴ռ䣬ɽʱĿȻȲϼڤģǻǲСֵ޳ϣӦܹӾ޴á
ŸҪͳ׺ͻȻתͷƳһۣǰɽŵĲ㽫ɽˡ
ʱƽⱻƣǽԶƯյС׺
ǰɽųһ亹æɽô죿ϾҪ׷ˡ
ùǡ׺˵ǿٵǰ塣
ǰҲУ޳˫һУǰԶ
Ҳð˺öޣ϶ָǰ
ˣұҲǣǱΧˡǰɽұ˵
׺òͣûã˾ͱһȺްΧסˡ
ҪǷͻȻŭһֻȻӦʱʱƻƽɾˡԪ˵
Ǻǣ޲ҪǸˡǰɽЩŵĶǰЩޣȥһҸ̰ĿⶢǣǰֻǱӴܵľԳʱȻҲͣǿȫ˸ղŻڱ׷ɱ
ϴ˵ǲǶϵˣǰɽ룬òƾֻԭܹ͡
̫񡣡޳ҡҡͷΪͷԳǵĿ׷Щ޲һĿ͸һ˿棬˼˭һ
׷ͷǣ࣬ħ壬ʲôСλΧҲ鲼壬ǣûеڶͷȻ֡
𣡡ԶЩЩͷŭһȫǰһΧȦСһЩ
޳һû뵽Щ޾Ȼǿ˿һһѹѹ
޳תͷһ׺ǳϤӦû֪һЩʲôֱǽȥҪô
ǵһû׺ػشתͷһȻ֣׺һ˲˲ĶͷѪľԳ
ȵʵôˣ
Ϻ·ûĻһɶͷԳʱ޵ĿҲ䵽׺ϣ޳ԳĿһ£ֱ÷ǳ
ԳĿִ׺ϻƿ䵽޳ϣ֮أ޳иɻڿʲô
𡪡
ԱȺѾǳͷǾȻûмǰ
һж͸Ź졣
ϴǲʲôסǣǰɽʵЩ޶ûҪҲ
޳֪ʲôԭЩ޺£Ǵ˿ȫˣ޳óǷǳҪǾǰɽ˵ںʲô
ʱ׺ͻȻߵǰ棬ǰʱлƮ𣬴ɢ͸һɵѹεгѹȥ
𡪡
ЩͻȻǱ̼һȫµشһĿĵǣɲԸȥ
Ϻû̽ǵķӦ󣬱ͣ
Ǻں״硣϶С˵
޳תͷһ׺ɫ쳣Ŀ纮̶еһ㣬ĿһɨЩ޸Ӻˣмֻ鲻Խ˼ǾȻǿվԭأǵĿɳ㣬޳пܣһˡ
ʶ𣿡޳ͻȻʵ
ʶ׺һλشķǳ죬ǻش֮͸һ˿ãĲʶ
ĿΪͷɶԼľԳϣüͷ΢΢һ塣
ΪһַǳϤĸоʶ
ǲӦġͷԳͻȻ˵ˡ
޳ȵĿڶ׺˵һ˲ԳͻȻĿϣߣ뿪ԶҪ


1595 
ͻȻ޳Ӧʱ׺ѾǼٵǰȥ
һзڵʯ֮䣬Ѿŭɱӳ˰ΧȦȺսһ
޳ͷһۣԴԴϵӿÿ϶ǿǵĿһ¾ȻȫǳͷԳΧ˹ȥ
𡪡Գһŭ͵ظǣͬһСɽһ㴣ʱУǺֱܿ޾ûˡ
޳͵Ļͷȥ֪׷ʲôӲ֪ͷԳΪλͻȻ˵ֻܿ죬Ǳ뵽һնУͨһ䵽һƬռ
ڳˣǰɽĵһµ˵
ʱеһѾ޳ĬĬջĿ⣬ǾԳ϶˰ɣΪеܣ
ǶѾ顣Ϻ䲻ðôһ䡣
޳һ£ʵν˵Ǿ仰ģ
ղͷԳǣڸ˵
׺ûлشֱǰȥԪ˵ǺпǵһϢǾ쵽ˣǲûзǵӰղŵȷʵΣǣǲܿǵġ
޳лǷǳɻ󣬿ҪȥѾˣҲֻǰߣһܣǵһɽܲľïʢ֮ǰǵǧ֮ǰ绹ҪŨࡣ
ڵˣ޳׺
һǰ
ȻһǰˣǰɽȼˣǸղֻʱͣôһȻֱܵһ֮ǰˣ뵱Ǵǧǰǧǰм侭ǧ꣬ȴǹ˺þһӣȻţ˵ʵǳܹģѹǰǵٶȿࡣ
ˣ˳㣬Ȼ֣Ҳɴ⡣޳һ̬Ҳ׺ɽȥ
ĳ㣬ĲľǳķïҲ÷ǳޣ϶һЩ̲ס嵽вʻ
һժһ߳ԣζùױƵҪ޳Ҳ
ǰɽЦŴȤ϶Ҳж
϶ͷаĿжΪʲôжҳٶĶûѽ
ʲôǰɽ񿴹һжʲôʣѵռʲôܵĵҩ
ûֵҩ϶ҡҡͷһεĻ꣬۾̾ĺǴҪҪԣ
ǰɽ͵ҡͷ˵ҿûʣһжʱ˭ȥ
ǻϧ⻨굱̺ǧ֮ǰҪءү֮ǰԪеһƴ
ǰɽ͵ʿˮĽʺ޵Ŀ϶еĻ䣬Ѿͷǹİɣ
϶лģӵǿⶾһģ£㻹ŵɡ޳ǰɽ㣬Ǹæֹ
ǰɽᣬҪЩ̬˵ˣֻ̬һͨˣŰ
ܣվס
ԶͻȻһɱһȺ߳
Сġ޳Ŀǰ
ӳǡԳ
ԣϸһⲢһͷԳͷģֻ쳣ߴͬԳһ㡣
ڱ׷ţұӦˣ˿Ĵ࣬۽š
͸һ˿ʱʱתͷһ׷ŵˣƵĳߵɽȳ˹
վסǾĲˣ׷Ҳħޣǲ֪ΪΣǶûʹ÷Ҳûֻͨһں׷
𡪡λӷһŭһһ߳Цغб¾͹ֻ֪źݻʲôӢۺú
ٶһҲû͸һ˿㡣
޳ŷ֣ұ۵ϻһյСɵͭƣʱͭɢһѹ
Ƕ򵥡
ǰɽҲˣ˫۷ŹĶеյͭƣͭƵԵʣԲúȺ˲ĿŵĳȺɽ׷ţܿ׷ɽ
׷ŵĸߴͻȻͣסŲû뵽ﾹȻˣٵĴ޳һۡĿ޳׺ӹԭͻȻ͵һĿ޳׺
ʲôˣʵ
׺Ҳڿ޳Щ֣׺ʲô鶼̫ĵӣʱȻִĿ⿴ǰߴ꣬ͻȻ֮ǰʱУҲͬĿ⿴ͷͻȻֵľԳġ
޳ٴϸĴǰߴ꣬һһѿڶǾԳ
һ£ʱĿ޳ʵʲôˣ
޳ķӦ֪Լܲ¶ˡ
ǰɽȵĿǰλߴ꣬ʵԳһ岻ǳӰɣ
ߴɫʱȥƫͷһѾ׷Щˣವһ¾ͳǰȥ
վסȺ˼껹Ҫǰ׷Ҳܿ췢޳ǡ
ǡȺħһ޳ɢ͵ԭأ϶һ˿š
ǲʵĿʧķһҧ߷ߵһ䣬ת뿪ˡ
ôСǰɽЩ죬û뵽ǾȻô׵ľͷˡ
𣿡޳ͻȻ¶һЦݣˢһ½˻һ̾Աߴͨһǰɽ㱻ˤ˸
ԲۣţҪıɱǰɽĴӵƵĿ׺ѹЩȫأԭ׺ε͸һǿѹǸղ޳סǣͱѹſڵˡ
޳һ̣ס϶ûǰɽûôˡ
ϴ˵ţΪʲôҪղˣǰɽս޳Сʵ
޳Ƴһ˵Լȥʡ
ɫİӣǰɽӣ뻹ˣ׺ȥƺˡ
ʱ׺ͻȻתɽ˻ȥ޳һ£ûжʣȥ
Ǻܿҵ˶ɽĸߴ꣬ǲûж⣬֪ǻһ
ǸղǰɽĻ꣬ʱı鲢ƣǿ޳׺ʱжһ˿ӵ
ӣǰɽʱˣǰһЦ˵ǺôЩ׷ɱˣôҲñʾһлɣ
겻䲻ȵ˵ߵΪʲôҪл⣿
ǰɽµƿԣǵһοôûȵˡ
ˡðЩΪҪ׷ɱ̨޳ʵ
޳ӡƺվصΪһЩɳܵĿҪҾͷ˳
ǰɽ´һ£а˵ͷܶʲôͼ
ɫһϿɵһĨΣǰɽһۣ㶮ʲô
ǰɽЦǺǵ˵ﲻ㵹˵ѽͷôôô
걻ʹţõ˵㶮ʲôΪҵѪ֮ӡˡ
˵֪ʧԣסͣЩյ̾˿
Ѫ֮ǰɽһ˵ӵѪ֮ҲǿȥɣҪȻΪô׷ɱȻܵģ綼
ǰɽҪ⼤ŭ׺һǶǳȤʲô˵Ǿȱڡ
㡪㡪ݵĺ˵Ѫ֮֮ǿģ걳ֱͦļ쳣ᶨ˵һ̣ƺһâ
Ȼô㵹˵˵ǶʲôͼΪѪ֮ôѪ֮ǵõкã
㶮ʲô걻׼ŭˣߺ޵˵Ѫ֮ôûãҪȻΪҪӡ
˵͵ס죬ͨ죬յ˼㡣


1596 Ѫ״
̫ŵĴ޳˺һǰɽܲЦ
ǣ̫ţΪϵѪ֮Բű˿ϣӲǵŮӡǵѪ֮ﲢܷӳ̫ŵŻôǲµĺпܻἤѪ֮
Щ֪֮󣬱㿪ʼ׷ǵټеľͷ֮ᱻɱ
˿ڱͲ࣬ⳤ˻֮Ѿ˴룬ʣ²ǣٺˣȻŹǣ׷ɱͷֱɱͷҲһ֣̫ͭƿסǣɥˡ
̫˵˵ͼ˫ɺţһǿķŭֻһѪ֮ȫˣΪǿҪȻȻЩɶƴһ
˶鷳޳ʵ
ûӵѪˣǣͺ޲ýǰڴϣǴڽӴ˵ѾɹˣǵµĺûмǿѪ֮Ǳͨɺ࣬Ǳøӵķ񡣡
ȻˣǷ֮ܺҲԼѪ֮Ϊʲôǡ޳ʵһûȥ̫ѹ޷Ǿ˵ǵʵǳӦûмѪ֮Ŷԡ
̫ųʹ˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲôǵĺģʱһʼ츳ǳ츳Ǳջȥһͨһѹ޷ʵǰҲͨºÿһκӳɳ֮󶼻
̧ͷԶգ͸һ˿뵽˻䵱һÿһΣΪһζܳһʱЩڴĺӾͻ⣬Ϊˣǳ缲ôΣҲķˡ
ǰɽǸӣʵȻˣΪЩ˻Ҫ׷ȥһѪ֮㼤Ҳᱻߣⲻù𣿡
̫ŷŭ˵Ϊûи˵𣿵ѹţΪΪ˷ҵĽڣЩȫˣҲ֪ǵǴõϢǺ˲ǳ
ôһֱĬ׺ͻȻʵ
̫ЩӵĿ׺һۣʵĻش𣺡ϵϢ֡
׺Ŀûд𻰡
޳ֱʵ֪֣
̫Щãҡҡͷ˵Ҳ˵֮ϵϢһּϤİĸоҺŵϢ
˵ͻȻһֻ׺ͻȻ߹һͷԼܶˣ׺ɢǵǿѹסŵĿ
Ҫʲô
׺ûֻֽŵյͭƳ˳
ϸĿһ£ֶ޳
޳ֵͭƿһͭ沢ûĵطûѹҲû̺סЩ׷ɱ̫ŵ˵أ
޳ɻĿ⣬̫ͻȻǰ˵ģΪеĳܹ̳ⶫǿɱСⶫȥȻǳֻͨҪѪҺȾܹǿ
ιʲô˵ͻȻȵҪȥ޳еͭƣյͭƲܽȾĶǵѪȾġ
Ϊ΢ܹ赲ϺĶֻ׺ɿĻģһͭ档
һ̣һ貵ĹâͭƵɢͬһŴһ㣬žһ½ɽȶ
ֻһɽȵбһƵıը󣬹еһжʼһּٶڡ
޳ˣĿ˿׺ֿܣҲ̫ǿ˰ɡ
̫ǾֵĿ׺ŵ˵ˣ㡭ôᡭ㵽˭
յֻͭǵѪǰ˾Ȼܹ׾ٵƶͭƣκһ˴߶ͭʱĻҪǿ
֮࣬æʵ𣿡
׺ʱͭƣ͸һ˿ԻǰֻʶҪȥһ£û뵽ѪҺȻƶͭơ
֣޳˵ԡ
ң޳죬жɻǲûгɣ̫ŵİУˢһ»ģҲ৵һӡͭϡ
¡¡
һ޴᳹أһһɶ׵ֻ֪
ҵѽ
ǰɽǵˣʲôô׵磬Ҫ
Ϻڵһʱ佫Ǵɽȣ׵žһ´ԭվĵط֮ƬɽȱΪƽء
⻹ֻһʼ޳Ѫ֮ͭϣͭһ㵭Ѫɫһǿޱȵ˵һ
飡ײ˷ܵɽʱƽ˺ü
ҵ죡̫ţֻóôһ䣬һͼ˹ȥ
ϴѵһģǰɽ㶵Ŀ޳֣Ϊ׺Ѿˣ޳ƶͭɢƾȻ׺ĻҪǿüֻ֮䣬ѾܻٵĿȫǡ
޳ʱüеͭƣͭƾȻڲϵѪҺҪضȴһֵģ˦ˣ
ž׺һƾͳͭ˹ȥ
ǿһӽͭƸ޳ַ룬׺˫Ŀһյͭһƣһ̴һͭӦѣ˲ͻ˷ĩƮɢڿС
Ǳﰡǰɽʿˮ϶̫һ׺ƴģλţҲ̫֪ϧ˰ɣôõıȻôˡ
޳㶵վԭأԼĿղôһ£ԼȻѪҺ㾫ѪˣͭȷʵŹ֣Ǿ˵ı飬ƺȷʵ̫á
׺ȴͻȻһѿ赹ڵϵ̫ţֱȥ
ҪȥǰɽƵʵ
޳ҡͷ˵֪߰ɡ׺һƺòһˣҲ֪һֱҵǸôҲԭҪһⳡʱеİɡ
̫Ѿһʱ֮𾪵ĵ޳һͭƣ֪ͭƱ٣һ˹ȥεġ
ʻ治˹άǰɽҡҡͷλˣ̫ŵ쳣ߣò߷ܹͨͱѹˡ
һȺˣټϱǰɽڼͷһ̫ţ˵ĳųȥ
;Щ˿Ƕǳĺ棬֮ǰϺѹܵЩ׷ɱ߾Ȼɽ֮⣬һǳŵƨ
Ҫӽʱ׺ͻȻת˵һ䣺Ūѡ
ǰɽĳ̫ŵͷȥ
ʲôˣ̫κѹһյ÷ǳģǰɽŵһ漴췢飬ʱϣߺ޵Ŀ׺
ȥ塣׺ȴ͸һѹ˲ݷ
̫һ£漴͵شӵյغģôˣ㣬ȻӵѪ֮Ǿ͸һȥ˾ˣЩ֪ľ۾ӵأѾϹȥˣ
޳һץָ·ٵĳǰȥ


1597 ԳѪ
ǰɽ͵ˣһƬСɽȵСָ̫ǰһߴɽ˵һ룬ɫ͵һ䣬ֵغҵˣ㣡
޳һʩչǧ٣ವһ¾Ѿɽ֮ϣ׺Ѿվԣǰɽ϶Ҳ˹
ǵ¿ȥʱÿ˵Ķ÷ǳĳأֻѾѪһƬɱ죬Ǵ߶ʩĹâԭɫʣڴ˿ȴԵĴһ㡣
̫ȴһҪȥǣ
׺ȴͻȻס˵Ѿˡ
̫һڵϣʹĴԼͷˣˣ
޳ʱȴ򶨵ĿǰֻЩµ̫ŵȴ̬죬еĳűӵͷ­һеǺ棬Ҳͨ˴С泤šԳǾԳ
޳תͷĿ̫ʵǾԳһĺ᣿
̫ʧĿǰĵͷ˵ǣǾһĺᣬѪеľǾԳ֮
ԳôǾԳ޳˵һͷԺ
ͻȻһ̫ʵ˵ղյֻͭѪܹбķ𣿻߱Ŀܣ
̫żᶨҡҡͷ˵ûбķֻѪܹǴϹľΪѰͬѪĺѪ֮ԽǿͭɢҲԽ
˵ͻȻһס޳˫˵ղżǿģ̫ˣ徹Ȼǿĺ֪һǳο
޳ȴһѳԼ૵˵ͨѣôܻо˵Ѫ
ʱе̫ӣ֪˵ͻȻתͷ׺ǰ׺Ҳƶͭƣ̫ŵ˵ôͬѪ֮˵׺ҲǾԳĺ
׺ȴЩãȻҡҡͷ˵Ҳ
һֱһֱѰһִ𰸣֪ҪѰʲôֻǸеʶıܶѣѰҳĽ˵⣬һҲƿصС
ҲǾԳĺң׺ĸȫͨͨ࡭޼ҲûгֹκѪⲻܡ޳дԪ飬Ԫ飬ңҲǾԳĺ
޳侲һ㣡Ԫʱǳ࣬һ֪ˣһֱĬţʱ޳Ҫӡ
ˣȲҪôˣ̫ŵӦòֹǿȥطԪߴٵǿĻҲҵһЩ˿ȻԳһйأǺпܾʮ֮ǰйء
޳ͷ͵һ侲ղôˣȻΪһ²⣬˲
һԪ˵˵ûʮ֮ǰǳѺпܾǴӾԳӿģȥ
ڻþпĺɫվԳͽվԳսѣؾͷ˾޴ı仯һеôһ£һֱѰҴ𰸣Ȼҵ˾ԳһĺᣬܷŹᡣ
˻ĵط𣿡޳ʡ
У̫ɫһ˵ǵ˶һӷɢסģԱ߻мӣ
ߣ޳ǰ
ǸϵʱЩ˲ŸոϵҪɱʱ޳ǳ˽
һж̫죬޳ﲻҴɱ䣬ֻ֮׺ֽЩһĺȫߡ
֪¹ŵ𣿡·ϣ޳̫š
Ҳ֪¹ŵأǾԳһʥأﲢ̫Զ̫Ŀ޳
˵¹ŵرӡˣǲܹȥΪȵľѡסصʱŵزԶ
ûʱǱһԶսż¹ŵرżС
ԭǺγɵġǰɽżϤİ˵ʱﻹȽϻûǵμʱĹģ
޳ָǰһƬɵش˵Ӧþʮˡ
̫ŸӾȵĿ޳ʵǾȻʮ綼֪ܣ
޳һ˿еļƽ˵ʮ統һǾԳһ˴ġ
ûǾȻ֪̫Ž˵ϹʱҾԳһܳ峤ΪһʱƸֻϧ˶䣬Ϊֲ⣬һֱûܹ
޳Ĳ²ûǰԳһйأ
˿ѹĵļʵ֪λ峤˭˭𣿡
̫Ŷȴ¶ɫź˵û˵Ƿ˹żҲûҵλ峤Ҷǳĺ棬ǹһмûκμأҲͷഫġ
޳Щʧǿһ˿ϣȴͻȻգε̾˿˵߰ɣǰԶ¹ŵˡ
ô֪ôģȻԳһģǴûмǣ֮ǰʲôط̫һ׹
׺һĳĬף޳һ֪һ·ҡͷס
̫¶ˣЩѹ˵Ұǵѣȴҡ
ǸвѵĿԡ޳ֻôһ䣬ָǰ˵ˡ
̫ŵעͱתƣߵ棬ЩҴ˵ҲˣѾʥأһᱣǵġ
ǣǲܹʥأͱӡˣЩ׷绹ǻὫɱģ˵ǵ˵
̫ͻȻͷĿ޳ʵ֪λɷæѪ֮ǿ˵ܹʥصķӡ
޳ͷ˵Ҿһԡ
Ȼȥ鿴һ֪һ֮ǰ¹ŵкβͬǰǵط뿪Ȳѣѹûлȥ鿴ЩصĹŵأһλҲԴʧ
ǵ޳Ҫ跨¹ŵصķӡʱȴǿŬܹӡ򿪡һ֮ǰӡҪǵʱǿ࣬޳ʱѹ
᲻Ҫǹžǰɽʵ
ͨžŴ򿪷ӡŵġ
޳ͷ˵ܰɡ
ʱȥҾ᣿
Ϊѵʱһˢһ뵽ͷգ漴һž޴γһɫϡ
޳ȥ׺֡
ǿԳһ屻׺ɢŴˡ
̫˵λСֵ̲صҪǰѪ֮ƶͭƣֱӽɽȶݻˡ
˵ȻǱٻͭƣס͡
һλ˼ӣɫһʵ̫ţͭأǳػյͭơ
ͭơ̫ɫף֪Ҫ˽͡
ܱǸλͭƱǲСĴˡ޳ǰ˵
ʲôˣȫ󾪣ÿ˵ɫǱϷһ㣬ˢˢˢ˳ɰɫ
ˣ̫ôػͭƵģȻ׾ٵľ˴ˣͭƲôܻᱻ˴ģ˶ˣĿͭǿĴڣǶ˵ͭһ飬ǵƺҲˡ
ıѽֻһƶѣͱ˳˷飡̫ĺ˵˵ġ
ˣλ˲һ㣬ȻѪ֮ͭƴˣҲʹ˰ɣҲһжע˵ġ
ͭѰӵͬѪˣͭƴ飬ҲһҲ˾ͷˣⳡƽҲ֪ܲܶȥأԵʱʹͭҲûˡ
ʱͻȻָյкǿвƳˣȻҪӡˣ
޲𾪣Ǵûôǿˣ
䡪дһһĺһڶֳ˴ϲӡҪˣ
ҪǹŵأҿȥֹǣԶͻȻһŭЩ׷ˣ
ˣû뵽Щô죡
ǾڴҿϣӡҪ򿪵ʱ򣬿ͻȻһ޴һӽ׺޳ǹס͵һ뵽յУ


1598 ˼ƽ
缱ӿն֣һӾͽ޳Ǿ뵽յУһĻ̫죬ȫûӦԭ׺Ҫ򿪵Ǹӡֱָԭӡ
ԳĺĹڵϣʹ飬ǵϣȫûˡ
ǣһɱǣ׷ɱȺ˼һĻȫЦӶ׷˹
ɱǣȻǵѪ֮ΪãҲǸ
ĺһָ߸ϵӣȺ˺ħ޵ĳ¶¶ţǶǷһ㳯޹ľԳһ
ģ⵽ôһ£޳ŭգܾͭǽһ㣬ʲôûУӳȥȻһöûС
Ҫ
ǷŹǣǲᰭʲôһ˿ѪԳһ岻ܶϰ
ʹİ˷ǲϵİʹ
޳ĬĬıۣаʹޱȣ쿪ˣҪĶʷ̸ףǾ˾Գһˣ춼
δ̫̣Ŀŵµɱ
ŹǣǾǱ𣿡Щȫɱۣ䣬һѾȺ˱ɱ䡣
һĶһĺѪ֮ȫûһܹӳֻĿ£ĿԼǰԼҲɱ
ǿ޲ˣҴľĹڵϣԼն䡣
̫ŻѪվڵϣΧȫǶϱ۲֫˵ġ
ĿԼ֣տҲյͭѾʹı۾Ҳڤڤ֮עİɣһ嵱д˽٣
ͻȻ̧ͷһХ˶ţҾԳһʹ˻𣡽Ƿµ˶ǸǧٱĴۣ̫Žҵģ˳𲻱ó
Գ𣡡
һŭ͵һһɿľȻ֮ͨԼ壬ವһ´˿С
Щɱ۵˼һĻ׷˹ȥֲ̫û˲¡
꣬Բӳȥ˶ĳյС
סǣЩ㶵ľԳͻȻ֪ڵѪ֮ķãһͬһֻֻýӥһ˸߿գǲһеıסЩ̫ߣʹĻѪֶϽţþһзֹǡ
ϵ˵£ֲϵ˳ȥٺˣµҪԶվŵĶࡣѪɺӵǣ岻Ŀ
ûڿԳһȫɢ͸һɼ͵Ŀ䣬Ǳ
ǵҪˣҲɱ
¾Գһ屬ǣ緢˿һ㣬ǳ˹ȥ
飡
յͻȻһײһαһһαһμ١
֡޳ŲϵĳײյϺٸнӡ
ϺһһµײɢǿյоȻһöûУͽҴʱƺʧˡ
ǰɽ϶㶵վԭأ϶Ѿ˫Ŀͨ죬ǿŲû
飡޳ҲһȭյУǰһǵκηӦ
ô⵽ʲôطǰɽʵ
ʱڵĿռӦԭȴԽЩʱȫһһޱȵһ㣬ǾеѹӲȥ
ˣʡɡԪͻȻ֣Ư޳׺м䡣⸴ӵĿŵǳɱʱվľԳһѾʣ޼ǰ̵ˡ
ʷûô׸ıģǡŵ棬ҲڸղŲŷ֣طһϹŷӡػⷽصзʷκƻ
ӡ󣬡޳ͣʵӡ¹ŵص󷨣
̽ǣûôǿ
Ԫҡͷ˵ֻС󷨶ѣ滹һظӴϹ󷨣֮󣬲ɽɽعڱ¶̫磬Ŀ٣һ֮ѾࡣϹȴĺܺãôõһӱΪܹ𣿡
޳˫ĿһٴοܣԪ鲻˵Ļѹ뵽һϹ󷨣ʵôǴ˿
ۡԪһһٵ˵¹ŵصУǵõǾԳײɽĵطǹĵط˿ɽġ
޳Ǳһ㣬ипǧ
ЩãΪʲôҪĿȥһ֮ǰȻڣΪβǣ޳벻ףʥؾȻ˵Ĳ̡
Ԫ̾˿Ȼǿյеĳһ㣬૵ǰǺοأ
Ļ䣬ƽ׺ͻȻתͷһۣ漴Ʋͷϡ
׺ԾԳһһĸ飬֪Լ࣬ȴþԳһ쳣С
ⳡɱʹԼΪж۶۵ʹһ޴ʯͷѹסһмûоΪľ
СһţѧʲôʲôΪԶԶĽͬں棬߶Ҫǿ󡣿˵ûߣǵʧü׷ãɽս
ʱȻ˲ѣ뵽ɽǱҲشʹòȡ壬һַʽɼʹҲû˵Ĵܹ
ֻĿŵѪɺӣȴΪ
׺ҲҪˣЩѾ飬ǽʲôǽǻⲻⳡƽ١ֻҪ֤һʷϷӴԺǲûʷ
Ԫǳͳ͸һ˸С
޳ͷһʹȷʵԳһʷϲûжټأҲһ֮󣬾ԳһѪǶϾˣĻԻͲӦǣ
뵽ͻȻԪ˵ΪҺ׺ѪҺܹͭƣ
Ԫҡͷ˵Ҳҵļ䵱вûյͭƣҲǾԳĺİɡ
Ԫ飬һ뷨˵ǻ᲻Գһйأ
Լһ·ݺҲ٣ǱſڴƻƵǱħ񣬻ԽԽǿǣѪҺ͸нӴԽԽ飬ѵûϵ
ԭֻ΢ЩɣסͷǵӴյͭƵʱͻȻһǸںڻӭؼһ
ĺܻ޳¶һܵЦݣһ·׷Ѱر仯ԭ򣬾Ȼ׷Լ˭֪ˡ
԰꣬һжˮʯġԪֻοΪԼǵЩˡ
֪޳ĵͷ֪ڲң뱣ѣһ׺ƽһ˲˲Ķŵ¡
ף޳ͻȻһǿʲô
ಣ
ֻͻȻѪɺӵʬ嵱дܳɿسԶնȥ
ꣿ
ǣѪҺ
޳𾪵ؿųԶգѪҺѸٵϡ


1599 ʸ
Ѫ裬Լٶںһķɢ
Щɱ۵ǼһĻһ˷ˣѪǾȻԶˣ
õһҪõмֻʣһͷһȺͬɶ˻һ㳯Զճȥ

һҽ𣬽ǵڶһƬյжҵĽк
ۡһ͸˷һԭ߶ʱһֻֻ۶ϳķɶһ㣬صڵϡ
ʹˣǰ̵ĳȥͬղȺԳΪ˱ǵ˶
ǿǻڵʲôס˻ųǰ壬ǻûаͱһţ۾Ŀ˭֪Լôģǹʵ̫ǿˣٶ֮˱޿ɱܡ
ɱ¾ĴۡԪ̾ϢһԪС
صᣬʲôɢƽµȫɱɾһⳡɱ˻Ͼţûʷκκۼû֪ﵽ׷ʲôҲû˼ǵùѪ֮ĴС
ʲôǰɽͻȻָδɢȥѪʵ
ϣ޳ĿѭĳֹѪҺ
Σ
ЩѪҺȻһΣ̫ͬǱҲ뵽ӰС
ⲻѪ֮ɣǰɽ˷ܵ˵Щ߿׷ѰѪ֮ѵȻڳĺȫǱ㱻ȡ˳
ϴôˣǰɽһתͷͻȻ޳ɫҰףһ
ҵʧ޳ÿ˵һ־һ֣֪Ϊһֲּٶš
ߣԱߴ׺ȻҲޱȡ
ү״磡϶תæ̽ȥ̽飬㱻һŵĶǰɽ˵үڵڼʧǵڿٵ˥ϣ
⵽ôһ£ϴԽԽ͸ˣ׺׺Ҳһǰɽ˫ֽһӡָâһ޳׺סˣǵɿٵض
䡪
һԪȻһӾͽ޳˽ȥ
Ҷ뿪Ԫ˵ű߶Ԫžһײա
ڱԪǿ̣޳ĿƳǰЩѪҺΣƺ֣ӰкüӰӣһ˹ȥ
ȵٴѾһƬѾ뿪ԪӦ˾ʱС
ϴˣǰɽһ˷ܵشչˣ϶ﶼ˲֪ٱˡ
Ǵ˵Ҳûпޡ϶߹еĿ޳۾ȷʵøһȴһֱţԼô
Ǵ˿̼޳ûˣͷһɣе˲ứľ͵˳Ŀ
޳뻳ţˣûˡ
үڸоô϶һƴʵ
޳оһ£Щ죬˵ƺûκ״
ǰо㡭û¾ͺãû¾ͺã
ǰɽ˿ǻ޳⡣
޳ԼЩ벻ͨתͷ׺Ѿѹʵ֣Σ
׺һ
֣޳ɻ󲻽⣬ǰȷʵоʧţһ̣ΪԼҪʧصˣ֮ȴһоͺһ
ʱ׷ʲôˣΪǻͻȻǰɽʵ
޳ϸĻһ˵ʱֻǸоѪɵӰҷǳ֮ڵ㼱ʧΪΡ
ѵΪѪ۵Ե𣿡
޳ҡͷ˵á
׺ҲʾԼôֻԪˡ
ԪүһҲ֪Ҳ֪ĸ˵˵һ֣ûǶ档
ԪԽ˵ԽߣǰԪ޳ǳʱǿǾһϹŴǿ˷ָǺòռȻǴĵˡ
үүģľǿǵɣǿˣĶڵѪô㹻һˣھȻװױǸϹŴ󡣡
޳סʵȻˣǻ᲻Ժ¹ŵӰ죿
Ԫҡͷ˵ᡣ
˵ͣһ£쳣ࣺû´Ļһ֮µɱõıţϹŴûб
ʲôǲܰѾˣ˵Ķ
ģϵˣһжıԪߺ޵˵һѹΪػɽϹŴӦǿʼûþͱ߶ˣҪѾˣ¹ŵĹһֱúܺãһα˷Ҳڽһ֮ǰ
ǵǽط䵽ػ¹ŵأ
ӦԪ˵Ϊ£׸һ֪˭ɵģԪүһĲ
壬ӻҸ˽˼һһߵ٩һವһԪ
𣿡Ԫ龹ȻûֱӸɭɭ³֡
һ̣ͻȻβϴ໴У壬ʲôҵҪˣ
˵һ뵽ԱߵʱУһӾʧ滹ʹֵأʹģҵ۰ԪҸû꣡
û°ɣ϶ǵĿʧķ
޳Цҡҡͷʾõģ漴Ԫ˵ϲ㡣
Ԫڳһǳ߰ģһתԪС
ǰɽûӦʵô£
޳صԪʵָһЩ
̫ˣǰɽ϶ԵԪˣǶ֪ⶦǳأ޳ҲǳΣҲԼˡ
޳ҲǳˣǰԪֵһ̣ѾԪı仯ⳡʱеԪջСѹʧôȴҲֻ˼ǰ֮ǰӣǶ᲻ҲȻϹŴǧ
ԪүԺҲˡڱŻʱѾĥòƬ䣬鲻ȴʮ㣬ղǸʱҲȫǳͷ
͸һ˿޳˵Ҫȥչˣ
ҲУǰɽɵסǱԪϷŪ𣿾ȻܹѰͻƵҲ̫Ľˣ
ͻȻһѱס޳ĸ첲˵ϴҲŰŰҰɣ˵ҲͻȻһܹͻء
޳˵ǻô뿪ɡ
ǰɽһӱʵܲϷŵЩ˵Ҳ֪־˶꣬ٶԽԽ죬˵ǻ᲻ֱӻصʮ֮ǰأ
޳վĿǰܹصʮ֮ǰǾͺˣĺ֪׷ʲô飬һΪΡ
˵ģǽʱԭעģԭתתȥڱ˵ƿصС
ƿ޳ȭͷһɺȻ޳ڲ
ѽǰĺӰô󣡡϶ͻȻָǰһ
ϺҲͻȻվĿವһ¿Ǳߣ޳ǻһ
ɫվԳʱ˷Ҫصʮ֮ǰЩӡǷںɫվԳģ
һֳַ̣һЩɫľ޴ӰһѵһֻվԳ
ҲһʼŪˣɫվԳһȺǵĳһֻ
̫ˣǾͿԲ̽Դͷˣǰɽ˷ܵ˵
𣿡ͻȻʱһЦЦϧǻ񣡡
һ̣һɾ޴û޳ǣǿٵˡ
ǺòײôԾȥ޳ʱԨ


1600 һʱ
һƬžֻʣʱĺѹֵ¡
޳ǱһεƵɼˣʱݻЩرޣֱʧ
޳ʣȴ޿κΣʵѹܹ޴⣬Ҳ֪˶ãָܻһƬڰǵͣ
ϴ˵ڵˣǰɽѹʵ
޳һ֪̽Ǹø˺ãǸϧ˵Ѿˡ
ʲôǰɽ˷ܵĺǻصǸϲѷˣ
޳ͷһɢһɵĽܣǹȻѾصͨĶѲУʱխ
ûбȥʲôĪĵطǰɽµĿڣղһֱȥʲôδ硣ȻҲЩǱϾԺĴڻ֪ȥֻһΣա
޳ȻûЩٴԭȴ͹ĵط䡣
Ȼ˾ͲҪȥǰģô뿪ɡԪ
¶ϲͨҲ֪Ϊʲôԭ͸һǿأһε
ܵԽԽ
˶ľѣҪôȥҪ˶Ǿͻž޴ѹ֮±ɷ顣
һ󷨿Եѹһ󡣡Ԫ˵Ŵһӡǣ۵һ뼸˵ʶУһ̾Ȼоֳһ֡
޳׺һۣ˱ٵжǰɽ϶һ԰ǡ
ͬʱһߣԼһ󼤶ĺ
ɹˣ
ѹֵĻ³ʲôƵģɽͷ˷ܣ˲ݺӡ
̫ˣ˵صΣǲǽˣһλͷ˵͸һ˿ɣ
ߡԱߴһһЩм˵ô򵥣
һǰķ»ɽţһʱ䶼û졣
ף㲻˵ֻҪҽȫע뵽УͿԻⳡΣ𣿡
ûǾƾЩ춼
˵͵س˹ȵףЩŵĿǰλˡ
Ǹô죿Ѿдͷųˡһϵżغ
תǶһ£гŲмԭΪЩҲӦû뵽˲ôڵ޳֮һ
ûսľؿŷŭˣЩĿλӡ
⻹ʶĸܸоĲԾ
΢΢ǰһ̽Եʵ֪׽ҪΣ
ҪҪ㱨𣿡ƳԼĶһۣתǰ͸ŽĽء
ͨԱߴصһλڽȫ˳֧˵ϣ̶мλϵڵϡ
зزϵѹû֧ţѹ޷Կɢѹ
˿Ѿжλɫ԰ףѡ
ףû֧ţþ뿪ҪȻǵ嶨ܵ˵ģ̲סȣ벻Ҳôܰɡ
ĺǣȴѹޱȣӸµĿ˵ˣֻܳܡ
¶𾪣ǸӲͷ˵뿪ȥɡ
׵ͨһӸ߿յ䵽ȣԲĸףĸʲôʱ飿
৵һվɫʵ⵽ΪʲôΪһٴλǱһһ
Ŀ⻺ϣڴһ㣬޵еĿ⽫ͷβѰһ飬һһٵʵ뷴𣿡
һæ˵ӲңֻǸԴڳǲ̫ˣǱϾΪػزűӵġ
ءԱߴһƺһλڳŲסεѪ˹ȥ
⡭Ⱦǣλϼ״ŵĹſڵϿȥĻ
Ѿ뿪ٲ߾Զɡ˿ûҪְæ˼תŲڽȥ
λ϶ޱȵĿû˸Ȼ޶ԣӡеǸһ֮ǷǳЩϼһģǰôһ£
϶߶µ׵ĲվɫĿıӰʵ֮ʲô˼ԴЩϣԺĿȥڣ
ɻشȴһǿ͵һײڴϣǴֲͬһƤһ㣬͵ˣһڵϡ
ף׺һæŴȥ
ȿȡϵڵϣ˲ɫ԰ףָΡΡָⲻǵļ˵㵽˭
Ƕǻ̫ˣʹˣӲԭǡĻ͸Ͽ뿪ɡѾﵽ£Щϼһੲݣһֲƽǡ
ףԲ㸸ס׷ţѵɫص˵
׵ɫҲѾѿеǸƺĵõ֤ӵԲʶǸס
ףʲô̧ͷȥͫ͵һ붼δͳػص󷨳˹ȥ
Ȼ󷨵е
ЩɶǰǲԼ뵽󷨵еôôߵ˵
ȴδһۣޱȵ˵ЩԭΪ׼ģΨһĶӣһζң㡣
ӣ㵱Ķ𣿡׷ߺ޵˵Һǰ˸ۣδеҪȻ˿ҲͬǼλһ㣬ſڵվˣڵҲʣ޼Ҫĸѹܡ
㣬ҲĶ֣ƣķͻҪô죿
ǲˣ߶󷨵Ķͣתͷؿһۣ漴Цǽ׳û뵽Сӻһ֣ڵƺ٣ǰС㡣
˵ǰһײһˣɫЩŵؿʵҪʲô
ȴͻȻһֻ͵ȵèһ㣬չһ²ӣ漴˿Եظ̾츳ȷʵ̺ŵǿЩãҲãͳȫ㣡
˵ţָһںɫĹâ৵һγɵһת˲֮㽫ס
ʹŤӣɫһӱòҰףںɫĹâϵĳȡ˳
ǲ³쳹ռ䡣
ʲôף𣿡λڵϼѵҪվֹˣʱ˵һħһ㡣
˹ŭһжıԲԣ㽫Ҫǽȫóƶ󷨣Ȼùգ
νЦûҪǵʵʧô˲Ź׳ô춼
㡪λϵ˹ȥ
㣬㡪ָ˰죬һХ⵽ôһ£Բǵļ
ת˲֮䣬ܲϼǿѹ֮£ȫ˵ϣûܹ
ףŹǰɣѸߣ㲻κвʹ˵֪ʱԼ׶༪٣ѹֻϣܹһ
Ǿһ̣һâ৵һ´ֱֱشǡ


1601 
̡
ͬһⷽռ䡣
âޱȣεۣʶıֻۣʣ֣ˡ
žһɿ͵ȥâವһ֨֨ز׵գǰȥһײϡ
ʱ󷨹âչضһ¡
ΪԼʱһһץסĸ첲һһģͱ˹ȥ
û°ɣͷһϤ׶ʱ͵۾ϲغ֣ôˣ
û뵽繫ӾȻͻȻһʱֻʣһʬˡ
뿪繫ӶһͷһƣԹߣһס繫ӵӣ˵˾ԲҸףʱǳΣգǿ뿪
ТӣҪȫȫط𣿡ǰ䲻ȵĳЦʱУ׾һֻһ㣬ĿֱԹڷ繫ӵϡ
СӣȻҵ£Ϊˣ˵ţΪ৵һ³ŷ繫ӹ˹ȥ
繫˵ʲôֻһѽһƣ뿪ǵӦţ
˭߲ˣһչᣬɿس˹ȥ
߲ߵˣ˵㡣繫ɫһһһӵıˢһ³С
ɫһһĨݹ⣺û뵽㾹Ȼֱﶼ˳
繫ûĬ漴еı͵һƣȵ
ಣԭͬĴָһСı֮չܵһӷ˱仯
ȵ磬ٲס֣ⷽռ䶼ᱻ飡
ɫ䣬Į˵ռҺθɣƹ֮ء
㡪û뵽˾Ȼ˵Ļһ֮󣬱ЦޱȣãȻǰʣǵǺ⣡
˵ű㲻˷ɢѹȻֱֱسײ˹ȥ
ɫһû뵽ȻĲ˽رЩһֱڰе쵽Ҫ½磬Щģԭסû뵽һﾹȻҪơ
һҧˢһŷȥ
ôˣ֪ޱȵؿ
˵ֻҵѣִƣôơ
һƣ뿴ܲܵ˵ţ˿ûмɫĹâͬһֱֱس˹
Сģ޲ý˽أǧҪĵδȥ׼һĻʱżغ
ղͻȻ˹ǲףʱĿӦþǽأҪܵķҪý
֪ΪҪʱƴҲҪֹ
һݣæŷȥ
顪
ںɫֱֱĳȥȥյгն
䡪Ŀռܵ˾ҵײ
׵ĶʱһŮֲµûҪ
㵽ʲôʲôôʵ벻ͨı飬׵ľҡ
ҸףǾԲҸף׼ѵĶͬһħһ㵽˭㽫Ҹôˣ
׶֪ͻȻ¶һǳʹı飬źס
һĿĸף⵽ôһ£
׶ǿӡӡɫǳʹ࣬˫ͻȻһӱסԼͷޱʹĥһ
״󾪣ŵؿһµͷᣡĸһǱ˭ǿˣղʹı飬ǿ׵ʹһ
ٳɫһ䣬漴ָֻ˶ݺݵӣղһʱ⣬ռ㱻ס塣
㵽˭ײ֪һӳ˹ȥһҪĸף
֪ĸ׷˱ʣһֱΪ˼ðĸףδȻǿµĶᣡҪץʱ䣬ҪȻȫռȨ׵ĻҲزˡ
һڿնѾȨ͵ɢһźɫ壬ͬĺ̶ˮһ㣬ɢǿޱȵѹӿĳѹ
СģҲ˲ãžһƶ漴һס
顪
¡¡ⷽռ䶯ҡѹյ͸һӽûҲ
ʲôһɻӵطд
޳ǰɽÿ˵ɫ͵һ
Ҫ˰ɣ˵Ķ
޳ϽߴٵҼӿٶȡ
ڱþȥ֪ʱͣ˶ã֪ˡ
顪ͷϴԽԽ죬ԽԽңǼԸоĿռһŤ֮ˡ
һ֮˿޳һѷ쵱еѹڱǴ͸һխͨ
ߣ˳ȥ
ǳˣǰɽſ˫˿ؼĸоð
Ǵӽطģߣ޳ǿٵһͨȥ
飡
ײԽԽ죬ϵķײһһͣܵŤ֮ѾԽԽǿ󣬿ռ䵱һ˿˿͸
ȥˣҪȻⷽռȫᵹģż˵
ɫҲǳѿѹֹˣ˿߷ôͻ
ھǽߣҲȻὫⷽռ飬Ŀġһ˵
ɫ˵ûӦ˵ռˣҪҡ
㵽ҪʲôرĻ𶯣ʱпܻΣԪҲòκκô׷ŭʵ
𣿡ͻȻĵһ漴ЦҵǺ뿴ǻô
˵ϵĶӵļ˿˼ɣһƬС
ǿ뿪ͻȻһץס׼ٵȥ
ɫһĴڷϣȻֱֱؽһľһȥ
׷ҵֻ·һߣ
֣ˣϿ߰ɡһ磬ż˵
ϻ粢һϲ໰ˣʱҲֻǽĴףǿֵ꣬ŲĿʱҪζ
ȻôֵǾһ°ɣԽԽһħһ׷ǣһһɢܵŤ֮͸ȥӰΡ
ϢԽԽ׵ҲסطֻԼڻҪֵܡ
ȥɣ˫ĿһѸٵػǰγһӴĺںɫɢžֻҪһͻ̷ǡ
һ㣬ǰӴܵˣؾ֣ɫɢ̵Ĺâ
һߴĿб
һ̣һӿ͵ĺ
һֻ󶦲ãӣѹһǬ


1602 Ԫ
衪
嫣ư磬֮ɲ⼫µ֮£ƺһжԵ΢
ѾŤ֮Ԫѹ£Ȼıƽ
ǰţǰɽ̲ס̾üҪȻ׶༪ˡ
ǻ˵ԪүǻǲèأԪ齾ڿռ
㣿Ŀڰյеľ޴󵤶һ˿Թһš
ϺǣȻϵԪүǾñ㵽ǺηԪĻ䣬Ԫһ޴ĺһֲУԭƽŤ֮÷
ǰȥƬռȫģһ龰żغ
֣֣޳ǰ˵зִġ
Ǿͺãֵллǣʵ˿û¾ͺãҶԲ㣬ҡ
ǼѾȥӦȲѵĿԣ֮ǻνǰΣɡ޳δΪԼֶǨŭףԹȻ׵¡
˲Ҹף˶ˡ׿һԪЩʹ˵
ԪƷǳǿȻѹȥЩǵ˵и֮룬ɷλǰżҸһڸղżҸ껹š
ТӣΪ𣿡мغﱬһźڵƣһӽŵͬһɫһ㡣
ȣ
Ԫɫһæ߶Ԫƣһ̣ವһֱֱײԪ
飡ҵײռ䶼𶯵ҡͷϵʯͨͨµ䣬һ̣Ԫܹһͷײǽϡ
ãҪˣ޳ɫһкǰɽģҽ󷨣һҪס
粻ҪȻԪ򶼻ܵΣðա
˺ã޳ߵﶼȥ𣬻ɽȫˣʲôЦţɹĳһɫԲһ㲻ϵڿռ֮̽ҳһӣʯĸңһƬǽ壬ǿռŤ֮ԽԽǿͬĩҪһ㡣
˭޳һʣĿʶһ㣬ˣֻռѣǿ˭ģ
Ȼǰɽеô᲻п棿ս
ԣӦòս޳кܿͷܣǰսѾֹжϣӦûôǿôͺпˡ
һ޳ԲŹ
ϴô죿ǰɽһ߿ԪսһСʵ
󣡡޳һӿ˵ۡ
ʱȴͻȻǰһֹâһڵϷɿػһƬǳصķģԼվ˷ĵġ
޳һ㶣Ҳ磬츳ߣΪԱҪ࣬ⷽռҪˣ֪ʱŤ֮ǿͿֲ̫Σˣðա
֣޳ӦԿռľ飬ɡ޳룬ǰ˵
û£ҲСȴǳ֣㲻˵ʼٵ
İɣóľӦԿռı仯׼״޳˵
޳͵һû뵽繫ӾȻ
ǰɽǾȵعֽģ򣡲ɣ
׵ͷ繫ӱĵճӣҵļλԱ֮⣬ûж֪ޱȣ˴򽻵ּʵǿ˶һֱһصĳҲѹǰɽ˵繫˻˾ȡ
ָʾ޳һ߽ע뵽̻ķ֮һ˵ԭȷʵ£˵˿̽ǵġԭҲƾԼǿֲֿܿŤ֮ۼɣȻȲ硣
ǹˣտռ֮ɡ罫ָһ޳˵
á޳һͷڿ뵽յУ糱ˮһ㳯ܷɢһ覵һӽ󷨶ס
޳룡ԶһĻͫ͵һѸ޳İÿһСҪܵʱ򣬶յĳ׵ףô񲻶ǰ׷ˣ
ٺ٣СӼͣǸľͷһ׺Ųæƥ֮ǰҪǿˣԪ鿴׺һԲ̲ס̭ȻܲԸڵǳǿ󣬿ǵ֮Ҳֻ׺æ
׺ȴɳĬվһԣȫûҪæ˼
ȥԪһǱһǾɱѾԪֻȫעƶԪȥ
׺ʱȴǹע޳ߵľٶ޳뵽յУƴ󿪣ܵţʼӿڡ
޳ҧŴɫķ˿ûпأȫƾӴʹ֪
ү϶תҪȥȴѹܿŤ֮ʵ̫ǿˣšüģΪеĽüĵлɢһ̹⡣
׺Ŀವһ϶ڼüĵ̹ʱ漴תͷ޳
϶ûзһĻ˿̵ȫ޳ϣɺȫﲻæ
̫ûˣ϶ޱʹԼһһΣԼԽԽûãﲻæÿζΪ׸
ۿͨ죬ǹɲһ±
϶зһȣһ̣һ貵̹ڱ
վԵǰɽһͱ̹嵽һ¾Աȥ
ɽ޳һҪȥ϶ѾżܹȥǴû°ɣԲҸղŲǹġ
϶ֱҪˣȫû뵽ԼͻȻһǿղŲǰɽ
˵϶ãôкǰɽЩ̬һʱʱܵв
ҡĶԲ𣡡϶ۺ˵
ûû£ǰɽһѾͷȻˣЩˣڰ˵ˣȥæɣҲϴİɣ
ţ޳϶ţһ˵ͲᣬתʱѾᶨޱȣղŸܵӿһǿģһҪΪǳõˣһܹүġ
׺һֱؿһĻĿ⵭أ֪ʲô
һߣԪԽԽĹҲԽԽ߲ͣϵĳ˴˭Ҳ˭
죡
Ԫ³֮սʹһˡԪȷʵҪһٽڵǸץȴֶԷҪǿࡣ
ɵļһȻʵԪһĨݹ⣬д޳䣬㿪ʼȫս
ƾҲֱǳ룡Ѿı䣬ֻӦռݵ
棡޳˫һжģã
˵ӵȥˣȻܵˣ㣬һҿܣԪһõʱ˿һس˹ȥ
Ԫڰвϵתţ¡¡ĺ֮һжҷ
ãⲻ֪ðĶҪץסô;ĴݻſռɣƺԪ˵غ
ǰߵ󷨻ûγɣǱڴ߶Ļ
ϧˣ˵ţ㽫ȫڹᵽһֱֱĳԪײ˹ȥ


1603 
飡
¡¡
ռ飬Ť֮ܵǿ׶Ҫܵһû
ү϶һУܲس޳ȥ
Σգ޳ֻüôһ˾ͱǳԼӿŤ֮ûˡ
޳ɫһҪѾܣһת㼱ٵĳ޳ȥһǰɽǳ϶׺Ԫ飬һģһ޴ӡСɽһ㳯ѹ
ģ㣡ú޼׺֪ðСӣޱǿѾϳ˺üοˣϴ¡
ò壬һ˵ȰǸϿ뿪һռֻӣҪȻƣ˭ųȥ
ǧټƵҪ׵ȥԪүҵбѽ
飡
ԭ˷˺ݣһ꣬ȻҲǰ߶Ԫײ˹ȥ
үģǰ㲻ɱǰСǻԪأ˿̣Ԫдľ޴ŵ۴УϿǳȥȥ޳
ʲôҰ㣡Ԫһȣȴһ㶼ɣֻԪĺģֻͻȻͬһתܴ߶Ť֮ǰǿࡣ
ˣˣëԿܲܽɶĴ޳ȴͻȻ˹ǰĴ
ãΪħ裬͵˵һӾͣȥֻиޱȣǰ۶˭ǲѽ治֪Ԫ鷢ʲô衣
㡭ӣҲԪķٶһԭעǳˣû뵽ӾȻֱײ˹ǲʹⷽռıҲͣˡ
Ԫ顭޳лԪһǰֻʱȥעȫԼ˿ЩľֱҪ顣
͵ϵʣѾܲסֻƴܵתɴԪرԴ뵽ʶС
Լĵ㡣޳ʶĳڣһָ߰ЩԪؽʶһߵǵ˵
ǰˡ޳ɻʶڣͿ޺֮ǣֻܽЩԪȫ롣
ԪھʱٴαıԴ֮κа©ҲΡ
衪޳ʶнз𣬼ڰеĳֽ֮ɫ̫âԽԽ΢΢ĶţڻӭЩĽ롣
ܵɫ̫޳һϲӿ˶ա
㾡ܷգҰ㻤Ѿӽ޳ԣ˵
л޳һͷ˫Ŀ˼ȫſգɲǼֻܵĲǻ뾭УƽٶȽ
ͬʱͳһŽһĵŵߣݺݵĴ졣
ء·Եַ·ã͸һ˿ĲãŽǷ죬һɲǼ侹ȻܵŤ֮ͣһһصϢѹŤ֮
Žǣ͵һ׺ݵѪ⣬ŭȻĸԣⶫ˳
ǿǰɽ϶ĿŰյУŽһ죬ܵĿռ·𰲾࣬ǿԸоһɼ֮Žǵð
ȵǸҪǿĶˡǰɽ̲ס̾ǲǵһοŽǣԶûд˿ǰֲһ֮ǰ
ԽĵҪ߶Խ࣬ڴ߶ŵʿӿ̣ŴһɫѾһƬͬУȱУܹ˴߶űŽǷӳģѾָļԶԶŽǷӳǿ
㣡ǰɽ϶˹ȥ硣
ֻҪܹܵŤ֮һЩô޳ȫӦǿͼʶ޳ǿֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ٶ޳ܹյˡ
һж˵ȴһĪвзݣԹ޵˼㣬òײŽⷽռ飬û뵽Ȼ·ɱҧԲܰװױ޳
ȥһȣٴɫ彫Ķס֮Ѹٳӡ
֮ռѣԭҪƽȥṮ֮̌÷
ಡ
һɫĹâһһ׺ͳԪϷһ־ͳĳһơ
óˣԪûڿȻƶ׺֣û뵽СӾȻԱ߿ôõϷˡ
׺ûһһ¶˼ٵĹһһɫӡϵѹ䣬ȥ·ԪǴ߶Ԫ·
Ԫ׺ӽһ̣ͻȻͬ˼Ѫһ㣬ҵĶһδйͻȻԪĺģԪ鶼һ
ô£㴫ˣԪ׺
ûС׺Ԫжʧ󣬿ٵػص
ô£ԪһϿһȴϲķһɷǳͻȻЦԭıүүģôþȻһֱû֣˵ЩȥˣԭⱿˣ
ԪҪַˣļȻûˣһֱֵĳһδ֪ʱԪԻ͹һֱҲѰĻԻͣȻԻ͹ôԪʵԲڱֵһѰʧȥû뵽ȻԪԼӡˡ
ҲⲻҷӡѾûȥ׷ֻҪͺá
Ԫ߶Ԫವһ·ɵ׺ԣ˵ǺõƳ
룡˹Բ䣬ǰһ׺ֵĴ󶦽ֻ֣֪ǵʵжѣһг׼Բǻᡣ
ɱ˶һȣ׺ȴûٴιԪ鱳󣬾޴ӡûг֣ȡ֮һɫĹââע뵽Ԫڡ
㡪Ԫһ£漴һҧ֣ص˵˾䣺л㿪ʼȫԸ
飡޴ײռɷ飬Ԫıǣͬһһ㣬أûжǬǽܵĿռĸӷ
͵һжΣһײٵ˺üסΣŭĵԪ飺ӣ
ԪνЦ˴˱˴ˣΪҲ֪Ӧøлҳȫ㡣
㣡ɫ䣬еļƻ˲һ㿪ʼһеĳԪ˹룬ҵò˭޷õ
СӿˣԪһȣ͵ؽԪ۹ֱֱĳ˹ȥ
Ԫ飡޳һȣ͵ſ˫һ𣬡գ
ᣡ
޾糱ˮһ㳯޳˹ȥһ𣬱ǿ͵ײֱӵ˳еĺŽǵȥڵҳһӡ
϶ǶҪˣǻδ޳ͱѸٱӿŤ֮˻ֻĿ޳
ʷͻȻ˶Űɫ
ǾΪ޳׶༪ٵʱ򣬴ͻȻһ貵Ľ⣬һͬǳһҫವһ³һԵĽس˹ȥ


1604 в
룡üŽسȥһŽ⣬ôþȥŸһͷԪ¡һڽ˽ȥ
Ԫ׺ͬʱķǰԪײ˫һǿѹˢһ½Ԫطס
ﬡײԪʵغ룬ҵģõ
飡شǽдһ죬Ž۵һ³嵽˽棬ɽ⡣
ˣҪˣǰɽǻδ޳ıʵзӦһǰĽأŵȶˡ
ǵĳؾҵĶδƽŤֿ֮ʼ÷񣬿ռ飬ƬۿžҪȫ
үҪү϶޳ղʧķ
û¡ͻȻӽط޳һ㶣漴ϲǱܣ޳û£
ǰɣǰɽǷӦʱסˣ޳ôˣȥײأǶҪˣ
׷ʲôˣ
ϴû°ɣǰɽǵʵ
ǿ뿪޳ֻ˵ôһ䣬û졣
顪ܵײԽԽǿ÷ŭĺҵģ˭޷ȾָȺСˣҳȥ
ȣǻڴˣԪЦ죬ȷĸ㣬Ƕ޳ģ˭Ҫֻһ³Ǿǡ
䣡
ԪĻŸ䣬Ǳַ˱ʣͻȻâʢһǿƺȻ
ʲô֣ôоϢеϤѽǰɽһЩֵ˵
Ϥǰ߹ʵ
ǰɽһ۹âĽأζ˵˵Ҽϴ
ʲôǵĻδ꣬Ǳ߾ͺһ³ױ
뿪ɫһǼٵڳȥ
ֱߣѾˣǿֱӴͨڵ档׶Щ˵Ϥģϵ˵
϶ǵĻͷŽطүǧҪ£
϶ˣϴԸо飬ңѾˣԲģǰɽһץס϶ߡ
ٲ߿Ҫˣʱ˹Ҳ޷޳
䣡ط򴫳ԽԽǿⷽռѾ׵ҡ
Ԫ׺֣Ԫ׵ķסԪкֱײѾ˿
⵹ǿǣǺܽԪȥºôӣǴҳ±֡
ȻöǺģ˿ֻȥȵҪȥһҪֹ޳
ˣǶϾҪˣϧԶ޷õԪЦ˵
Ǳ޳ܣĴôõľ֣ԭΪһû뵽ֱ޳ȵˣֱҪˡ
衪
ͻȻһǰֵĲͬǣѹʲôŷ͸оһɰ
ĵ޳͵һһģ³һѪǿײðûֱιȥ
ǿҲ𾪲УԲܹᣬ̫ѵˣ
ƴҧڵת
ĵܵƺܵ˸Ӧȫӿȥ
صĽ⽫İסЩ⾹Ȼөۺһᣬճ޳ϣҪһɫĵܡ
޳нǰԪĶ
Сӣȵ۵ʱ򣬲ܷʲôܶ˼ҪľǵȴȴǶĳ֡
޳ҧ˼ſգһµʱУܻĸֳһ棬Щ浱ϲҲʹ࣬бҲп֣гɹҲвҾ磬Ǿһ
һɲɣУɲɣдһصħεİסЩɵʹ඼ˡ
޳һȴʹ࣬ȴֻܹõ㡣
㲻ǽѣ޳ٴһһǴʶдġ
ʦ޳мУӦյӡǣָԼ
㲻ǽѡ޳ؽ仰Լ˼άУá
ͻȻһץסʲôû㣡ԶûнѣֻһķʽõѣǱϲǳɹʧܣֻҪһ㣬γһܹõ㡣
ҪľǽԶάȥʲôֻҪԶʧܣ
𣿡޳૵ͻȻۣˢһǲһ㣬ǰ
ҲһɲɢͻȻܿһУ޳ֱۣûκҲûֻƾıܶѡ
ǣǰһƬʹû۾Ȼ
Ҷˣ޳һĨţЭһ̬һУ
޳ȻԼһַǳصıܣܽʧܣ
ðԵԪ޳һֱγɵĬͨ˿޳иܵһУԪҲܵҲ̲סĸ̾ʧܣǲʧܣ԰ܣǲᣬ֮˭ô˵
Сӣû㣡ԪͻȻӯĸо
Сġ׺Ҫ侲࣬ͻȻһһǿˢһ³Ԫѹ˹ȥ
ԪһʱĻѾһ亹ˣղˣ㱻Ѱᡣ
Ҳһ˴Ϣವһ½˳ѰһпҪ
Ԫ˫Ŀһ׺˵ס棬
һֻ˵ıܣ
ӣԪٴι۲һ޳״̬ãĵȥõꡣ
ģ̫ŭĺš
˾ңõԱһ΢սսľȡ
ֻܹòܹһֱ˸ж֮⣬صߣ˿һսͱķǳĴ
һսȻ³ս㿴ڳʲôˣԪսɸֵ
սŭغұӶǱǱƵģ
Ԫ˵ûκ˱㣬һжԼѡ񣡱ֲκˡ
˵ʱжȴ˿ûгɣԪѾȼһ
ǲעʱѾȸת˳ҪȻһѻȥʲôûˡ
ס֣ȻᣡͻȻһȣ굱ͻȻֳһŻɫʯͷ
ģԪһ㶣ĹȻϣȵ
ȥȻúݺݵ˵
ʲôԪоƺȥԾʱһûУ
ܶʲôһϾͱˣҪĻԼǡν˵֪ĵĶǵ壬ҪĻʱΨһϣ
ԭĶͻȻ䷢һǺһָֻǸղųֵԪǵĻþһ
ٴŵĶǿһҪҾȻؼȥѽҿǺòܹģҿûˣ
Ȼû£֪ԼǰˣˣΨһĳˣû뿪
ʱһߵ޳ͻȻһʹĺ
Ԫһǳûһս꣬ವһ¾ͳԪ·ıԵ˹ȥ


1605 Ļ
˭ҲһȣԪʹһҵԪҡ
׺һסԪ黹δ͡ѽһȴδֹ
ֻ׺һת㳯Žط˹ȥκܿ죬ת˲֮Ѿҫ۵Ĺâĵط洫޳ʹĺ붼δ룬̧ƾͳŽȥ
ƾǻ赲ңһŵԪνӴ˿һ죬սһ̾ͷ˳
ӣԪɫһĶһ̣Ԫͳ÷˹ȥ
䡪׺ļ룬صĽӱһҪ޳ʹϷĳ֮£ʹ಻ԼһгϵţʶһħԣҪʹ˳ȥ
顪һ޴׺͸⣬ֱֱ䵽޳ϡ
͵һ˫৵һ
׺
֪ΪΣһ̣޳ͻȻޱǿ·һ֧ϸػ룬ͻȻǰǹ޵е
ʧܣԣûǲʧܣ޳Բʧܣƾһ޳Ҳ֪৵һ½ȫⶼ͹ͣȴЩڽ뵽УȻ޷ֱײ޳ٵؽʶȥ
ʶſڽĻ޳ı仯ʵ˿ղС߻ħȷʵǳ𾪣СӸղǹǰԵ
飡׺һһƵɢȥЩԭҪг޳𿪣ÿһ޳Ҫ֧ŲסʱϵǱжһһим
ˡܵԽԽ죬ⷽռıҲԽԽѾ״ҡ
ģܵСеֻӽصɢһ񶯷Ĺͷʹѡ
޳ͳ⹲ģܵĳ֪˫ѾѪȥ쳣Ĳң׺ƴΪѹܲǿ
ĪĶңҪȻĸƣòܳȥþͱԪסԪͷϷ¡¡תţɢƽסҧгݡ
ǵÿû£ԪȣվԪ֮˫صһ壬Ԫ³һ֡
ÿ޳ķ򣬷ɢԽԽǿˣнУۼǹҪȫһҧ걬һõĽ⣬ʮ֮һľˢһ½סֱֱسŽس˹ȥ
ԪһԪɿ׷ȥ
ͬʱطͻȻһʲôˮһ㡣
ˣǶҪˡԪһ漴ҲһɾһӹסԪ׷þͳȥ
СӣԪүүƴˣɵ㰡Ԫֹţȴɡ
Ȼʶ׷ĿֲϢ궼һ¡ɿĶս˵㲻ܹͻȻʵ𣿿ұ
ǣսͱɵˣսԪ˵Ѿ˵ĻԻͺƣʱһֻҪȥĵСѣһ˵ĻԼȫ˳
ӡǴ뵽õУϲѣսõģʵʱһɰƴ굱бͬһ׵һžһ˦ء
飡׺˫һ־һ˦˹Ǿ޴Ľɫӡһӷס˰Ƭռ䣬ͬһɫǽһ㵲סõĹ
òģžžž˦ǣһһңԼ鲻ϲʵطȷʵ˵ģսȻû
СģҪӲӲʵԪ״ٵѵǻˣ׺һƺߣ͵һҡΣȥ
׺зֻ˵һסת޳ǶߣҲ޳¡
ʱǹҪѾԽԽǿȫĽ޳סˣ׺ɿĹܵ޳
ü״ӷҪ壬ǶϾҪˣֿɵãԲԷ
飡һһ͵ϳţܵıԽԽ죬޾ĿռŤ֮ⷽռ䳹׽ҡ
һǿռŤ֮һǴӽص´Ŀ޳һҶСһڲӿĺϳȫû˷ֻҧԼɢ
ס޳вϵĸԼͬʱȥܵ´ǹЩϤǰһ𺳾ԲֲܿŤܹ֮ģогһصϢ
ϢҪõ
ˣ޳һĨâһһּĽǶȷת˫ֳ³ǳץȥ
룡üһĻɫˣ˼£һһ㳯޳˹
顪׺Ԫ赲ײһ𣬿·һӳ˴һ㣬ޱ£Ȼƿǵವһ¾ͳ޳ץȥ
ȣ޳屾ܵ˷Ӧ͵һᣬȴûмµٶȣſıܹõĹ
һɲǣ׺ԪҲ׷һǰһסá
ģ˭÷Ƶشϱһһǿơ
Ԫ߶Ԫԥسȥŵغľ㣡
׺ͻȻʧԭأһ̾ͳ޳·ԼٶȷɿĻӶ˫֣ӰӣһɫϣǵͻȻܳʹˣɢǿɲС
޳ľѣû׺İæղһͷײȥֻͱ޴÷ˡ
׺һͷ漴ٵĳȥҪƷ
׺ʱڱ޴ײţĵķǳ죬ɫķף亹ϵð
㣬ٿ㡣޳ֻʣôһͷɿسţƿһȱڣһ̾˽ȥ
üһĻѣغ޳ƾԼǲģȰԹԵס֣ҪȻֻ
ٷϻ޳ղյˣʲô飡Ԫ鲻мغȴ𾪲ѣսطѾӾˣüǱʵ֮ԪȻһʱ֮޷ס
һΣֶõʵȻҪλҪǿֻ࣬޳㣬ѹƲס֮ǰϿ콫õ
ף޳쵽ԪøӼᶨΣЭҪµǺηʥ
һ˶һ£ǿϲ
ˣû뵽Ȼǻˣǵȫѹѹ˽ţǻ˵ĻͲˡ
ⶫҪˡ޳ĬĬѭεľ飬ʼ
һ̣˱ǰ޳ֻǿӿһӾͽ޳ĵ˳ȥ
޳룬׺˵֣ڵĻһЩ
׺˵㳯޳һ⣬һɾ৵һ̳¿ǣԭȷŭҪȥĻˣȻ֮ͱð


1606 
ⲻܣüһĻѣҪ޳ȥŬôã˵нô裬Ըռһ壬ںòҪֵĳɹܰװ׵ر޳
ģֻ蹷ɿɺԪϵҧסѹ޷룬Ҫˡ
Ԫؾ䣬ͻȻ뵽һӣЦ˵ɿ𣿺ãͳȫ㣡
˵ţȻֱӽԪһգȥɣ
һϲ붼δͳ޳˹ȥ
׺֪Ԫдʲô⣬֪ԪԲ˺޳˼óʱһգȻҲûֹ
һú赲س޳׼ȷ˵ǳ˵Ļˡ
һ̾ʹʹĺǿŽӲӵĻ˾ȻһӾͱ࣬ŭش󺰵ǾȻң
Ԫ˭㣿һ˼Ҫǰ壬ֻǳȫѣôֱסĸоɣ
ԪҲڸղͻȻ뵽˵̺Ŀǰ˵Ҫǿ࣬ʱ޳Ѿշˣ˿ǷǳйĶ˵ڶĽ룬뵱Ȼľͻù
֪̫ʱ˷Ķסˡ
޳ʱûԸɿĵȫȻס漴Ż˵ǰˣȻȥɡ
ãԼġ˵űһصʶУͬʱ޳ʶŻ򿪣һȣʱüĹâԶԶȥһ̫üһ㡣
ⲻܣôǿþ쵽޳ϱǿϢŵغ
ȣش޳һȣüǱըһ㣬һɸ貵ϢһɢϢǰɢȻ¡
޳Լŵöһ£ôһĹ޳ѾȫȫĽ˿ס
ⲻܣȫţУԲ޳óѣзɿ˼ţȻеĶģһӽٴŵĶͳ
ٲס֣Ҿͽ׵Ļ𣡡˸ղŶԸԪһС
ĻŸ˵꣬ϺǱ߾ͳˣһɫİžһ¾ͳ˹
ɫһʶؾȥ׺Ƿ˺ݣɫӡһɢһգһһͳյУ߸ԾͬһֻչĴһ㣬ವһ¾ͳó˹
ģһôδо˵ܴ죬׺֣˶òôǲ֪ΪΣһ׺ȻǰʱҪǿ
ģһǻ˵Եʣú޵Ի˿ѾãۼŵĿŶҪǶߣܹģ
ģҲֻ׺ͻȻðôһ仰漴Ӱʧԭأȡ֮һֻӴĽɫӡȻԼĶ뵽ӡУǹɺ嫵Ҳֵס糱ˮһӿó
ģһŹǣžһ½еĶĺݺݵس׺˹ȥ漴Լٶȳȥ
׺ӡһӰסģû׷ȥֽĶԪתȥػ޳ڵסܣκСлɳˡ
޳ȫĵͶշ˵ľ統УϸظŻ˵ɢؽţһ뵽ԼڷЩٴͶ뵽ʶС
һʶõ䣬ɢǿˣεؿŻˡ
ⷬѭ֮£˵رȻҪ޳շˡ
ģԪһĻ˵غδüȥæͻȻ˱ʣһǿޱȵŤ֮ͬһһ㣬ˢһ³ճǳ˹
ģǴˣԪɫһžһԪ棬бȵ
䡪Ԫıǣͬһһ㣬žһ´ⷽյС
ʱڸܵ紫ĿֲϢϹǣȻһɢž޴ͭವһ´Ƶ棬ֱֱزա
˶ˣ㶵ؿǰֲĶ漴ޱȵĶⶫðĵ£˶Ϣ
ˣ϶ǽطıʣĩҪˣ
е˷ɿسŵеתͷȥ֪ͨˣһʱ泹ס
ظ֣֮ǰȻݽⷽռ׵Ľ飬һʱ䣬ȫףŤ֮ɢ໥ײǿĿռŤ
޳һҪסｻҺ׺Ԫֻü޳˵ôһ仰׺Ͷ뵽޴еС
һսǿȻ֮֮ս޳Ҳǵһ֪Ԫǿ׼ȷ˵ӦԪǿ
δ˿ֲһǬԪɢļϢ˿ãǴʱ޳ϲصϢѾ޴ʳɷ顣
ҡ޳Ĭһ䣬㿪ʼȫĵͶ뵽˷С
˵̺ʵ̫ǿˣҪȫܣֻܹյһ֣ʱķӡշ֮ͬǰһ
޳ʶ⣬Щ޾ʶβţȫ֪㣬޳Ҳ֪ʶֻȻǺõģһԵؽע뵽ʶС
ģʶøӵĳӯ֮Ũңֽɫ̫ɢĹâҲԽԽȣƺԸܵһůһ㣬̫ҫأ
ġһ΢ʯ׿ǸصŮٴηһԶŵĺ
޳ͷһ𣬵һûܵĸоǾޱУ֪ΪʯʶУΪԭֻоһɳӯ
ʯٻһͷͷԽԽǿңӷ
Σĸ׵껹ʯ׵УȻʯҪôͳȫϣҪ˺ĸף
ȻҲǵĸףȾҪģĸжȻһҪʯеŮӵ뷨
ʯ׺ʶ˫صգ޳ҪԽԽǿҲԽԽ࣬ģ˱ԽԽ󳹵ײٷ
Сӣɣʱˣǿ뿪Ԫ״޳
޳͵ջɿĽһգת㳯Ԫ׺˹ȥ˵ǡ
ˣѾȫܹƣҲûã׺Ͽ뿪
޳һæʵôأô죿
һҲǲԣҪõŻˣҲôͽⷽռ䣬סԪ˵
ôԣ޳붼δͷԣԲԪ
һοռ飬ǲ֣Ҳֻ΢һѣ޳Ϊҽڣһ˵ԪҪﶨǬ˶ˡ
Ԫѹûзֿʦѣһ·ϣԪ֤ĳɳһ뵽Ҫֿ޳оͲסĿֻš
Ԫȴһȣõ˵ѾǸˣϵصԺһжҪԼˡұԪܹѹסⷽռ䣬̮ʱ򲻹Ԫ½ܵΣ˭޷е
ǡ޳ҪķԪ߶Σգ


1607 ˸
ģ⵽׷ʲôˣôôǿ
˶ˣǰһĻѾǵΧʱ·ӿŤ֮ѾϷĿռȫЩԶԶĶţǻмһСľͱŤ֮סɲǼʧ
˲žһӺʧȥһֳһƬҿǰֲС
ү϶ǲŸճתҪ塣
չȥҲֻһס϶
϶嶯ǰɽҲ϶ǰգ֪жôżȴֻĿš
ϴǧ°ǰɽǰԽԽǿֱͨͨ˼㡣
¡¡ͻȻһҵıڵƬضһ¡
ڶݵĿհ֮ȫ׷ױͷӴܿдţĩˣĩˣ
׼״ɫ͵һþˢһ³뵽߿յУȵʲô
ͻȻϤЩһϲǿһе˽ذеɻֵ̿ӴܣϢ˳ȥ˼Ŀֻš
ֻǰһĻ֪صµ׷ʲô飬ʱ緢ԶԶҪĻҪ⡣
ǿ󵽱̬Ť֮УԪײֱ죬ѾչͿԭӣصĴⷽصУʹˣҲɵסԽԽǿ
㣡޳˵űҪȥ
׺סԪһŭȣʲôã𣿰ޣʲôᣬǱͿˣ
ܹΪṩǿǿգǲУٶԹؽ޳ǳ˵Ĵ㣬ԲԴУҹҲѾкܳһʱûмʱӸǿ
ԪȴʲôΪǻǰ޽ɰǲ£Ԫ½أŲ㣡ﲻϿסԪ½ᶯʱһԪ½ļ巴ӦˣϻˣǸϿ뿪
УҪһߣ޳ԽԪһԪݻûŪټԪǿһɶ죿Բðգһбķܹⳡѵġ
˵޳㻹ԥʲôٲ뿪ҪռˣԪүϿ뿪Ԫŭ˵
޳ȴûתͷ׺˵ְң
ͷԪЩˣߵĽѵ޳ʱʲôӣ㲻Ҫ²Ϊ𣿴ʱССģӶǻӣתͷ뿪
޳ȴʯȫΪᶨ˵һİ취һס
Ԫһ㶣Сӵ˼ѾԽԽϸˣ̾˿˵ûȷʵİ취ҪĴʵ̫ˣ㼸ᱻ
˵Ų޳˵˵Ҳһֱ㣬ЩһֱӰ룬ѾҲһҪֿġ
޳һҪ˵ʲôȴ޷Ԫ˵ûڶȷʵǳأѾھԼϸһ룬ƺÿһΣʱ̣ҪԪæҲкöζԪΪġ
Ԫּ˵ԪүһҪָԭģʧȥļսһʱҸԪһ磬ԾʹڿʼɣǸΪԺŬ˵ЩЦǺǵ˵һֱĵﵱУܾòǴɷΪԪүԺҪϱģǱ֪һֱزصģǺûӣ
޳ĬãŤĿ統ԵЩįܿ¹ʿ̧ͷؿԪ˵ˡ
׺뿪Ԫ黹Щ޳׺տ֪СӾԲ޳޳ǡġ
׺ͷ͵̧˫֣һ߳ȣ
䣡һ޴ĺȻش˫ֵ𣬾ͺ˫һһ㡣зӿֳ֮һƬžŤ֮һ׷ɢ
ǿ޳ɢ̲ס̾һֱ֪׺ʵʵҲ֪ʱ׺ǲȫ׺ʱʱɢԲʱյ
ʵ̫̬ˣ޳иţѾڿգ׺ƽռȥ
׺һȣһ޴Ľɫӡžһº϶ΪһγһСɽ¡һŵҡ䣬ǰٳһͨˮĻһ㣬ܵŤ֮Ӵܡ
޳ͳʩչǧವһ¾˹ȥ
ʲôȺδܹߵֻͻȻһյӰŻһƺ¡¡
ɫӡУԼһһӰ֡
ţˣţ˰ǰɽ̾վԭأĵʵ˿
ӦûˡԪĵıۣ޳õңܹԪүĻûأҵ
Ԫ飡޳ͷǱѹһ޴ʯͷһ㣬תͷವһȥԪõӰڰյУԪһչ
޳ĬĬ˵ģһ㣡
ںϣͻȻһЦһĺ漴һҫ۵ĽžһǸ޴ܡ⵱͸ƣԶЩıۣ̲סˡ
һɲǣԪˢһ³Ԫһͳ뵽ԪС
Ԫ顭޳ۣгʹѡ֪Ԫ˶ŬŴԪܹɵسΪһ壬ԪֻصԪС
Ƕ飬صԪУǿԪı壬Ԫ߽֮꣬£ױȡ
Ԫ˵ζʲô޳룬ֻʣһͷǾǾܳ㹻ֹռı飬ԪͿԻˣ
ǰǰɽǿһĻҲˣ˵ζ
ԪľٶԪɢǿܵŤ֮ƽǶһ㴣ܵΣɢһصĹԣģȴ쳣ᶨ̲סҪĤݡ
߰ɡ޳һ׺˵һתͷͿ׺Щ֡
֣ɫΪ˲԰ף޳ȵʵ׺ʱɫֽһϵƾȻҲȽࡣ
׺ҡҡͷԼףڸղԪͶ뵽ԪʱͻȻԼڵ˺ôһ֡
ڻûȫԪһܵȫؽסҪȻǻ޴ѡ
޳׺ľٶһ⣬ʱڵѹ֧Ԫһǿ󷨡
޳ֻһͷһͺԥؽղŲŸոշǿŻ˳ȥţ
䣡һӴˢһ³ڰյУ˶ޱȵĿš
ģʲôôûǿ
ǣǻˣۼϳⶫһӾʹӵ
˶𾪵ĿŰյУ̺ǿľʯ˭ۺ죬ǿһץסŻ˵İӣֻĬĬʿˮ
ղǵӡİɣôǿ˭ҹȥֻи̣޳ã


1608 ´
ȵһнѾֹʱⳡսûӮռ鱻ѹƣ޳ʱʧȥԪ顣
׺Ԫһһ󷨣ʱѹסܵĿռ䲨˳Ƕ۷ߵȻܹƳⷽռʱȫˡ
ˣ޳һصңʸմϢǰɽ
ǰɽһڲ͵عһڣ̾˵ˣҳһţܵӰ죬˿֯˽ŲͻָĿǰ˵
طӰ𣿡޳ڹĵ𶯶Ԫ½طʲôӰ졣
˵ţһֱ߽һŽ޳
ǾǴģ޳΢һǰչӡɲǼ両ǰ
ӡǹݸصı仯ģ޳Ĳס³ǵĵĶˣݸ˱䶯ЩطĿռСģΧı飬Һñѹסˣɴ˿ɼݿռѾʼ
޳ӡ٣ۻ˵طҲõȥǵ׼ˡ
ǰϢ˵򾭹һ⣬ϡطҲõȥ
˵ĵģǿռ飬ǻܹʱľʱУʱвûпɹһյһֱϡȥʱǸ⡣
ȷʵǳĲļΣ֮ǰǳʱеѾʶпǧ֮ǰǳѻٴ٣ʱ׺ֽǵֲޱȵϲʹⳡѱѹơ
޳һֱиʣ׺ΪǸطˣԭǱȻģҪȻʷϻ˭֣Կ϶ǣǳȷʵһλǿޱȵĴڣЩƶ󷨣ѹסܵı飬˵˭׺
޳ȻͷǳЦȴͻȻ˾׺Ĵ
ôܣ޳͵ҡҡͷ׺ͬһʱˣôܳ
鴦͸Ź죬һʱ֮ȫ벻ͨ޳Ա㲻ȥһŪģ
֮ǵ취ػԪԪ޳룬ܽطһʱ֮˼Ԫסռı飬һҪȷһʧҪȻٴ𶯣ǰѻԽԽء
㲻ҪȥǸɶļһﱨ𣿡ͻȻһ۵޳һ㶣ӵﵱӳģСһȥ֮ǰƶģǱԪסֽ޳
ͬʱԪ黹Թȥסһα˶ᣬܵصĴˣѾ뵽ҵָҵĳǻ취
Ըˣ޳ؿһۣ֪СһװŭĸоȻһӣԪļ֮£ѾкôһռˣȻǻĿռ䣬̺ӴСǰһζӱܵĻһܹŵãôҲͻ᲻ͬˡ
׵ı߲˵ڻԹңһװͱǸɶļһˣĸܵ޳ͷŭ˵
ΪǺ𣿱˵Ҿˣǰɽ٩
ҪҵôΪŰأ֧һԴǵ˵
漴㽫ǰսץסԼȫ˵һ飬˵£ί˼㡣
ҪҴװ͵óˣҪ֪ڻǳȫܹ赲ǽ뵽ҵڣ˵ž۴
޳εؿ˵ˣƽͺá
ߣҾҪ˵ĺһССʯͷڰлεһ£׺Ǳߴ˴ա
׺ֻһۣ漴ưԱһġ
ô͵Ϯ۴С
϶һЦǰɽҲЦǺǵ˵뻻Ҳÿͬͬѽ͵ʴװɣϴҪ㣡
ߣһһǰȷʵҪ뵽׺ڣΪǿԲˣ
Աã޳һҪο˼ûУһĲҪ˰ɣ
ĺӣ¾ЩŤ޳Ǳߴ˴գǲΧ޳תһ£ͻȻһ˵ˣ֪Ǹɶļһȥ
޳һ˵
ı޳һŵȫ˵˳Ӧȥˣǰἰȥһš
һţҪʲô޳ʵ
Ҳֻ֪˵Ҳ֪ҪװɢǿϢҲģģ㲻֪ǰжôգкüҲ㡭ιѽһû˵꣬ҲҪȥҳ
һûûˣ޳ֱһѽ˵ж˵´ôҾ𡣡
Сһﲻ֪ԼжôҪԺҪٵΣվԻڵĻҪǿ󼸰ٱĳɳ
ߣصغһһ޳һǣ˵ˡ
޳Ҳٹǰɽ˵Ǻпȥ򣬶˵ǿһǳҪĶ
ʲôأǰɽüʵ
޳һ˵Ӧǻˣ
лˣǰɽ𾪵صɴۡ
޳ͷ˵ûĿǰǾЩŵصжһŻˣпҲһţ
򣿡洫һһ߽˵Ľء
ˡ޳ǵͷԼ뷨˵һ顣
ɫĬ˵ȷ𣿡
޳˵ĿǰֻһĿܣҲֻǲ²ѡͣͣʵֿ֪ɷ֪кĵطǽȵص֮Ƚһ£Ҳܷʲô
罫޳֪˶Ҳûֱ˵Ľأֻ峤ͼ̳˲ܹ룬Ϊһļ̳ˣҲֻǽȥһζѣ˵صĵط̺ƺҪطǿࡣ
˵ϸ룬һζ˵һСɢŵϢǹ˵ģܸоʲôطǳ֡
֣޳׷ʵ
һֲֵڣƺԼĸоʲôٻһ㣬˵̧ͷᶨ˵ûһٻ
޳ͷ͵һ𣬼վ˵ӦþûˣȻŵظоĲûôǿңԼҲһֱо֣һ˵ˣٻӦҲлˡ
Щһֱ̫ϲԼ¶ǴʱҲ޷ˣл˵ĻǶļ˵ζʲô
뵽ͻȻЩĿ޳˵㲻Ҫȥɣ
޳ֱ
ǰɽ˵ϴɲģÿһζǴû취֪𣿡
ֵˣһԱЦЦĿǡ
޳εЦЦ˵Ļô£ȻÿһǱǸĿȥģ䵽У˿ô¡
εؿһ˵ˣԹ˵ÿһγֶľ޴Ŀռ飬ԪѾ˾ҵĳѾпǱ뵽ĿĲԶǱֹ


1609 ػ֮
˶úͻ˵Ĳ²⣬һӱøӽԪ½Ѿ˼Σգ򾭹һܴСټδѣһʱĻ̡̻
żһȥ֯Կռ޲һ뾡һа취Ҫ
ܵ˴ˣ޳Ҳȥ鿴һ£͸ĸһֻҪĸ׺ࡣ
ǶڣֻܵˣһʱӦþͻá޳˵
϶Ϳˣеȫȥ޲ռ©ˣﻹжҸʹãװյ˵ܵĴ˾Բܹġ
ԭǿޱȣڣκһСĴܹǴܣеҪѹ
Щϣ԰ﵽ޳˵ţʶŻһЩһʯ
ȥʲôǰɽһ񣬱޳üͻȻɢǿˣֱӱ˦ȥˡ
⡭ڳҲˣֻ׺һԣ·һж޹һ
ʯʿˮŵĿǻؽ޳ĵ貹š
ţʯ̺һЩ֮Ӧöа޳˵ţֵݸס
⡭ҾԲգæֹ̫ˣֻԼðɡ
Ӣ۲ãȻҲ뾡ѹʯʵ̫ôյ¡
ûϵҡ
үͷĵ°ɣϴԲСˣԸóǽ㵱ֵܣô㲻ǵֵ𣿡ǰɽ޳˵ֱ꣬һѶ޳еʯС
ȴڰϴҲ̫ˣղŲֹĻ޳Ի˵ûϵﻹкܶࡣνƲ¶ǽж֪ʱ޳ĽɵƣЩʲôģѹͲϡ
⡭Ѳмĳ޳һ˵ֵݴģ
ֲˣ˵ЩҲûжôָܹ򣬶Ԫһ¡
ϲһȥָЩ壬츳ܹ޳һǰ
뿪֮ǰ޳һֱĲԪ飬ҳܹػԪԸ뿪
ʵǿģֻ϶ˣǡǰɽż˵϶츳ȷʵǳֲʵﾳεΪѹܹǾ޴Ĵݻ֮⡣
޳Ҳͷ϶ܹĳɳȻõģҲػԪ顣
Ŀ΢΢Ƴһ׺׺׺ʼնһֱޱһԣҲ֪ǵĻȥ١
ү̫ûˡ϶ѹ˵ѾԽԽԼãÿ飬ʲôæﲻϣǺԼˡ
϶˵޳ɫһõ˵ѾͷһֱһΪ˺ܶ࣬һ˵޳ľ΢΢ʹ
ĺæ϶ͻȻ̧ͷᶨؿ޳үûа취ܹͻƣǰòܹͻȻʵҲҪʲô£
У̫ΣˣҶԺκΰпܻ谭㡣޳ԡ
ûսİ֮Ȼʵߣԯ壬кЩˣһк³ģ
ǡ϶ۿˣĺ޳æܹػԪ飬ôүܹĵȥ飬˵㹻ˣŲԺ
У뽫ͷҾˣ޳ɫ쳣࣬ŵ϶˫һ죬ۿת
үδĶ˵ıŵˡ
޳վ˵ˣ취ǲ˼
ҪߣһԵ׺ͻȻվ޳һΪ׺Ҫȴֱ϶ȥСһ㣬϶һʧԭء
ʲôǰɽ㶵վԭأûŪô¡
޳Ҳһ£漴ˣʱޱȣߣȥ
Ҫȥţ˸ͻȻ϶ϴ˵㣬ϱһ˴ˣ㾹Ȼôˣ
޳ؿһ˵еĻȥտһ߰ɡ
ҡ죡ǰɽһĶһ仰ҽˣϴżԽԽֲˣһСľͻᱻ
ȵҵ׺ǵʱһɽ׺϶ϥ
ǡţҪ϶ͻ𣿡ǰɽʵ
š޳ͷ˵ְǡ
ǰɽﻹ˵ĿתĶ׺һһǵһеؿ׺֣ôŹᡣ
ʧǣ׺ֻĬʲôûУ϶ϵһһȥǳء
ʱ׺һһصĿھ͸϶ҪͻƣƾǲܵģȻ谭Ժе·׺ҲֻǽԼͻȻֵһܹ˻ȻʵӡǴ͸϶
һβ֪ĸͻʱĸµ϶Ҫġ
֮ǰڵ統׺ͷ϶һɲ֪СѾͷ̺ǿռ䣬һ㲦пܾͻͻơ
ȵ׺Ĭ޳ǰִʶһžͷЩע뵽ڡ
ĽʺްǰɽһԿÿˮҪˣϧ츳ܺãѹò޳׺ʦڡ
ѾȽ϶ñȽˣҲʵʺһֱȥԼһٴοһ뵽еˣ¶һĵЦݣת뿪
ȥඣ
ǰɽ뾰ͬһˣ˶֯ȽУıԷ棬ǰɽʵɣǾѴһģһ˾ܲ߻
϶ⳡͻƣ˺óһʱ䡣
ºֻһƬɽȵͻȻһɫžһ´͸񷣬طƱ仯һž
ڳ˾治ѡ
׽ٵĻǵһοȻЩ£еĺռȫ׷׳Ƭɽȥ
ܹǰʱȫŵԭأֻƬɽѾ׵⣬ããһƬɽȵ׵磬һһһӰʱʱ֡
ǣһԭ˵ı飬޳Ͳôˣֻ׽ٵ޳ģ¹ġ
λڳأ˿һУȵغ
ǵĵӻʣ룬Щ׽ٹĻǾ뿪ɣϴһĶǱ̬ʱҿɲұ֤׽ٻ᲻ӹǰɽ֪ʲôʱЦЦؿȺߣǵĹϵѾܺã˶޳սˡ
ܣ붼δ룬תͷܣǰɽתͷֿ޳һۣ̾ϢһȻǱ̬ѽ
¡¡յͻȻһ쳣ҵĺһֱֱسķըǰɽѽһʹûؿ񱼡
ⳡ׽ҹ֮ƴ׽ٵе˺ˣˬسǰʱ̾ûˣ


1610 
ҵڣһ˿˿΢ܣ˶ȻԸַЩǴ˿û˼ȫ۾Ķ棬ڵʲôˡ
ˣͻȻһϲĺ洫ļȻ𾴣ϡ
ಡֻһھͳӰ޳ǡ
ǿǻˣ׵һվĿⶨض϶϶˼˼޳
޳һĨЦ⣬ʱѾ˵ǰĶ϶һͻƶȻҪʷˣʱһǵı飬֪ʲôˡ
΢΢ǰһǴʱ϶Ȼ𾴲εĸоվԭأСʵ϶񡭡񡭡
ŶͻƵﾳ߶ˡ޳ڴ
ͨ
ǰصֱӵز𣬾궼ϻ𾪵ؿ϶ѹǿ϶ΪѾҪˡ
ģǵǲˣһϦ֮弶˿԰쵽𣿡ǰɽغеǺڸأѹʵ̫ˡ
Ǵ磬ʵûôһϦ֮䣬㻨ʮأ϶ͬһŰֽһ㣬ʱǰɽĻο
ҡǰɽŰ۵ز֮ҲҪѾͷˣƽһܴ顣
˺þãڵ˲Żָ㶵Ŀ϶ÿ˵Ŀⶼǳӡ
϶ǿЩ£չȥС޳үǲˣ
ûУ޳̧֣Цϵ㷢϶һ÷ǳá
𣿡϶õ޳Ŀ佱˷ܵʲôˣܹõ޳ϿɣǱʲô¶Ҫ飬ɲ֮͸һ㣬˼㡣
Ӵȥˣҵ۰ҪϹˣǰɽֽߣĻȴй¶ʱĸˡ
֪ɷɢһǸһ£ȶ֮϶ʵĿ̫ԣһͷڶʳһ㡣
ү϶ŵ޳˶㡣
ǺǣֿɱŻҪȻһûע⣬һƳȹҪġЦ˵
˽ģʱѾԺн϶о˰ɡ
ȿȡչﲻҪᣬ²ûж⡣ҲоԼĲף͵
ǣ϶ȷؿ޳
޳ͷֻСŵ㣬ˡ
϶ͷ˵ǰһͻûʩչǰҲֻǴԵĹһ£˽ʵʵںòлᣬһ߸ڵ仯һһƣע뵽ġ
ѽ϶һȣ̹һͬһȦɫĲһ㣬һ³ɢȥ
ҵģֻ׾Ľ漴Ӱವһȥ
¡һҵĺ꼸
ǻҳֳӰ޳׺һ⻤סԱ϶ɢӨӨ̹⡣
ҡҡүҲǹġ϶ǰһĻŵöҪˣȫû뵽ԼǿˣֳֻϸСһƣûдﵽүĶү᲻
϶СĿ޳޳ȴûκηŭȡ֮Ǿȡ
û޳ǳľȣǰ׼Ҳû뵽϶ᱬǿ
ﾳ߶ε޳һĨᵽĸоǲԿռᵽӯĸо·ֻˡ
үүǲˣ϶޳˵Ѿۿת֪ͲˣĿƻǺܺãղһ֣ͻȻ֮ʧȥ˿ƣûպãŽӸˣү϶ʧɣ
û£úܺá޳ع񣬶˵Ѿͷĳˡ
߰ɡ׺ĥĥ󣬶һ仰һʧԭء
չһɣֻˣ׺Ƥ϶ôѵõĻᣬǾԲԴ֪϶ϾҪȥػֻ󶦣Ҳܳһʱ䶼֣ǾͶǰˡ
򣿡϶ģƺû׵Ļ
һӣʱҪضĸоѵŶôٶ۵
˫ֱȻţ״εľһڽԼ˼
˵϶׹漴һӡǼžһ³˹ȥ˵øҲ֪ܲܰæ
ܣܣϲؽӡǽסʲôȱͻʱܵģ˵ǳһЩ൱һִˡһ̣׵Ϳϵϲòڣȡ֮Ǿɥ
ȥ湫Ҳ̲סһڴ֣һͬۿӡǵɫҲѿҪ˵ЩѶĳǣһҡ
ţѹǹţѹͲӦôصСһλϰԹصóôһۣӻתˡ
ǰţ̾Ϣһ˭뵽ĵĻϲȴӡǵпһ档
ǶӡǵУᵽ϶ͻʱ顣
޾룬ԭؿľ׼õ׵ǿ󷨵ֱָʶ
޳׺󷨣Լ϶ǿʣߺһŴٳ˾춯صͻơ
˱˱˰ǳ״ͷܹõ޳׺İʵһȴԶͻƲˣ϶ǿ˷ָǣ֮ҲûǸ
ѹֵչǲԿռ䵱о;÷ǳĲͬһ㣬ɢδ֮ȫܹģѾ׼ˡ׻˵
ʵ൱϶Ѿͻƹ˼׼ˣֻѣһ޳ǵİ£Ȼܹٵͻơ
ˣȥɡһƽԴ֮̾Ҳָ򶨣׵ļתˡ
̾ϢһзݣһҪŬУ츳ҲԶģֻ϶Ƚϣʵ̫ԶӼĶ־
޳ȥ˽ؼԪ飬ֻǵѾ͸Ƭռ䶼һԨнɫĹâðǽɢġ
Ԫͬһһ㶥صĴסŤ֮ԪҲѾ뵽ԪУǸƯҲ
޳ٴаٸнһɲᣬϾҪ뿪ˣҲ֪ʲôʱܻлŲԪ顣
ϣѾͷջСԪһ쵽϶ı仯˵غ
ǰ϶Ժ͸ǰһػ϶ģһϵĿͭɫĴ󶦡
ãҹҴһ󷨡Ԫ˵漴ֶ޳˵ˣ뿪ɣһҪҳһھһߵסԲܹռ
һСġ޳ؿͭɫĴ󶦣ȻѾԭӣɢȴǳϤ޳һʶһͶԪ
һӡΣգҾͻܵ
СǲδϱɡԪЦŵ٩֮ǰƺҲԵôˡ


1611 ǰ
վܵģ޳֮ûٻȥԪ϶ѡֱ뿪
һᾡģһҪҡٳտһۣת̤δ;һθһ׺
Ҳ֪ţ˻᲻ͻȻʧ٣һҪذǰɽĬĬؿ޳Զȥš
ûм޳һ𾭹һоյĺƽ٣˸ӿ˸޳⣬սԽԽǿˣǰɽ֯Щ
ѾȡϵСӹͻᵽսķ⡣һıԣһʵɣעĵ
Ҳ֪ҷӡ϶ڵʱܹȫա·ϣ޳лЩǡ
϶һͻƣǻ͸׺Ļ˶Сţ֪һͻƵĴۣջ񵽵ģҲ˾ϲ޳ȫֵõġ
Ѿͷȫ֮ҪֱͻƵ쾳˰ɣ޳йšȥ֮ϡ٣谭϶ΪԼһϣӡ϶ڣȵʱѵѾͷȻֻᴴһϲ
һ·Ϻ˼ţǺܿ뿪ǰһƬããƺĵƷǳߣ˵ƺеһ֮أټ͵˺ܶ඼Ҳľλá
һΣǰ·ߣ˵Ĳ¼ɣ޳δǰ֪ͨļ壬鷳ϾһǳпֵܳĻġ
ҪͨþһƬƺ޳û뵽ǣƬƺоȻǬȫһ˼䡣
ֻϧ׺޳Ҳһˣһ·Ƕûжٽ̸ȫͷ·
׺ͻȻٶȣֱӽһɽͷֱɽȥ
޳һ˿죬һͬǰȵ߽һЩеǿ
һȺɢǿϢڣ
һ֧̺ϡѪ츳ȴҪ˺ࡣ׺ѵõ޳͵
ͻȻתһԵ޳ĵﵱС
ʲô޳ƣⶫ͸ˣʲôֻ
á׺ֻһ仰漴ͷҲصɽȥ
޳һ£ܾ׺лȵ뵽ɽصʱѾɢˡ
ȻǺõط޳鲻Խظ̾ҪȻҪ࣬һ׷Ӧı仯
ʲôˣΪôأǰͻȻһ߳ȣ漴ˢˢˢļӰֳ볣죬էһȥͨ࣬ɢϢȴ˲ݺӡ
ǰܵǹϢӦþǴɢģ޳ĿǣԱţԱߵ׺ȴͻȻ˵򣡡
ʲôдëͷСӣȰǸϿ뿪ҪȻ
˻δ˵꣬Ͼصذһȭ漴˵ηɿˣһһò֮ϣֱӽɸײˡ
ɽЩȫ뵽ǰλͻȻ֡
޳ĬĬջ֣Ȼ֪׺ΪʲôҪ׺ẦԼһĵ
޳δվ㳯ǰЩѾŭĳ˹ȥѾһûжǣЩģֻŷִ磬ûʹɱ֣ϾЩԩ޳𣬷ƴ
ףּ֮޳ʱһؿԼ˫֣ǶսȻһĸоͻȻǰҲĴ
ֵʱ˰ɣ޳Щơ
о񡣡׺ʱ޳ࡣ
֪޳ػشһ漴㼯оЩ˳ȥ˵Щ˾һǳõĻӣѵ
֪ΪʲôЩɢһϢоڸԼĳһڴһսĹ̵У޳̵һλĲͬ
ʵ̫ˣ޳δйָܣÿӶһȭĳλиӦÿšһоԼҪ˹һ˵սĹ̵ԼõָоѪҺȼһ
ˣ޳ĸܣоԼҪȼȼգɢǿ
о񡣡׺ٴδ
޳ɢȥ˼ά£ɫؿǰЩһͱſڵϣҲվˡ
㵽ǺˣЩ˶ˣ꿴ȥͨͨҲܲɢƣǾȻʷǵһôǿĵˡ
Ҳ˺ҡ޳ɢȥ׽ǵ뷨͵ȷʵ뵽УЩ˶˵һֵİӡ
ли޳дд衣޳ƺܹܵ׺ģ±ЩʵôõĻᣬܹԲܹ
㡭Щ޳ĻȴǸòѪдд裿ȷ
Ǹԩ޳𣬻λ˷ŹǰɡڷСòͷ
ǲõģҡ
ʲô˸ôأ޳δ˵꣬ǰʹһ
𣡡Щſڵϵ˻δüڣ޳һͳǰ˹ȥңֹˡ
顪ǰвҽЩѹӦͱͻȻķӴͷת
һ޳ȴûжֱԼȭͷǹһһ£ɽ˷ȥľ
ľǣ޳ӶȭͷɢȻһαһң˶ˣڵʹġ
һߣǾԻԲûϵ飬Ǵ˿ȫ޳ˣǵ־÷ǳѾ뵽ɱ
֪޳ȻıȭͷԷһ˿ЩǿĿϢֱӽЩ˵סˡ
޳ȭͷǶϵѹƣǶĿƣѾ
ˡٴδ׺漴һ޳ץ޳ʶľҪ͵һһǿһ³ǹײȥ
һǿֻһ޳ΧĲľΪҽõϵЩΣһ̷Ӧһ´ӵϷŶһ١
ǻδüɿյƱ仯ԭɲ֮ܲ׹
û޳ĿƣЩ˵ʶ̧ͷһʱޱȡ
⡭ⲻҪͻưɣ˾Ƕ츳ߵˣͻƶ˵İһ龰һ뵽ľҪˡ
Ϊӡ֤ǵ뷨յͻȻһֱ۴ֵ磬ͨһ䵽ϣһӡ
ӵվһλӣʱɢһƬĽ⣬Ƭ⾹ȻֵסĹӺˣ
ǸղŹǵͻƣǶˣ漴ɫֻ֣ʵӴܡ
ǴʱµľӣͻȻҪһѾܵ׽ٷͬС̺ǹ˵츳Ӳӡ
޳ʱȴûǸ˼ȥ׷ǣгѹ֣ղȫûиоҪͻƵļ󣬿ǾôĪͻȻҪͻˡ


1612 ̬
һʷԵתۣһ죬޳֪ԭͻƲǵҪó׼
ͻƣȫǿһ̶ȣȻȻ顣
лˡ޳д׺Եĸл׺ν츳˵һͷѣͻƵһδУ׼õǿǡ
ûһ̣޳ֻоǿҿţЩһѾ׼õһ
ֻһʱ޳ҪֻһˣϻṩͻƱôȻȻķˡ
ⳡͻƾһһҹɽȫ
ǸŭԣսľĿ׹⵱е޳
⵽ܳɷǣҪͻΪʲôѡʹʧǵļ԰ôˡ
ˣˣ˺ǣƴ䣬ӦþӰ˼Σһ׼ģǻֱӽɱӶڵƽģƽĽһаɡ峤߳οǵ
ǵļû˰һЩĻǽܲʵ͸Ųֻʣ˵һԵѡ
޳лʱѾĿȫǣ΢΢üͷʼĴѰ˵䡣
ӵԸ飬ǸղͻƵʱȫԿأѹ֪ܷʲô顣
Ƕû°ɣѰЩ˵䣬һͳǰ
˼ֵ֣ˣеŮŵ۴˿޳һֲĴħͷ
ǲú£Ҳ˺ǣ޳ƵĶ˵漴һ뵽ﱻƻͳһǬݸΪ׵һ˵ܱǸɵ˺ϣЩܹ΢ֲһ㣬ǲܹټȥˣǲĻȥսˡ
սˣΪ˱峤ĽǬʵղ˵޳ѵǸ
޳治֪ͷλ˵Ӧþˣͷ˵ս˻չǡ
λ峤һ˼ȻһҧͷãҴȥл
Ȼ̲Է⣬Ҳһֱϵ޳ͷѾ˵ֻû뵽ʽ
˵԰Ѿˣ˺أܹõս˵İ˵Ҳһϣ峤ûзԣתͷԼˣ˵һ
ȻҲ˲Ը⣬ǼĹǳǿ峤İš΢֮󣬱峤鿴ǬеĶʱ򣬶ʱŵĿɿڴ
һڴļƷһ벽żƷҩ̺ǿʯ
˵ֹǲƸѣֱĶ͡Ҫ˵ǵļ԰ǴǰģҲԸѽҪ޳лλѾ֪ȥ
һƬããƺУ޳Ǽǰ޳Ѿһڵı仯һͻƣֱӴܵﾳ۷壬ҪͻΣֻһ顣
׺վɳĬ޳һж֮жѣ޳Ѱʲôһ
ѵ˵ѰһĿĵ޳ͻȻôһͷ˵ǲܵģ׺֪ʲôʱȻ䵱ԪɫоԼһڵõǰһ
ָоȻ˵ܹ죬׺Ҳͬˣһ·ϣ޳ָоԽԽǿңڵǽ뵽һĿĵصʱ޳ҪΪ׺Լĳλˡ
򣡡׺ֻôһ֣վһԿ޳֡
ͬһ֧Ƭɽ̺ҪŨһЩվɱ޳ϡã׼ȷ˵Ǳ׽ٺóһƬ
ͻƴľ磬׽ٵƸӺƴ󣬲㽫ҲˣҺ޳ȸ׺кշǣûԱ
һ֧ӱȽϸңڼ޳ͻ֮мսһڱ޳ķڷ֮ظԸ׷Ǽеİߣ˵쵱ģ¶˵ȥͶսˡ
ǰɽŲӿǿߣĿɿڴǿеó޳ľٶʱŵû˵ˣֻ૵ĺţ̬̬
޳һعֽܡźţʵҸƺΪ̬ΪһÿһطһƬ׽٣һСͻƣ漴һͻƣÿһζĶǣȫĵ۷
ֱֻҪһ޳ֱ֣޳ᣬ漴ԹԵͶսˡ
޳Լû뵽ЧΪڽڽʸߣսҲڲϵ󣬲Щ֧ߣ޳¼Ҳȫ£һʱǰɽ;æòɿ
һ¶ѣս˵ѾԶԶͻԪ½κһһѩһ㣬ԽԽںпͻᵽĩպƽǰ˶šһ
Ȼ޳ҲԼĵǣȻǰɽ;ܹŵ鴦ĺܺã˦ƹ񵱵÷ǳģͻƵٶȴ̲סЩġ
ް׺ֻ˵ôһ䡣
ÿһ޳ͻ֮׺޳ٴλľȹˣ޳һ·ͻƣʵȴǷǳ̤ʵģǽ첻ȹ̣ѡٴͻƣӲ׺İ֮½ͻơ
ֻ޳ףΪʲôҪͻһأҪڸ϶еһƴˣ϶Ҫ˷ѽϾ϶츳ǰģлġ
ԷƱ׺һۣ漴һĿĵؽ
޳ӣһ߸ߣһѰ˼ţһеķһԭģһ˲Ե޹ʵͻȻŷǿҵ츳
ʲôأһֱ޳УһŪ
ͻȻ׺ǰͣ޳̧ͷȥѾһǳء
صˣ
ǰĶɽ֣ûмκһǳأǰֵһмʮɸߵĳǽΧŵĳΧֹһǿ󷨣δѾܹܵڴ𶯡
Ӧþˡ
޳Ǵǰеʱ򣬽յĳͻȻ仩򿪣Ǻ¡޳ʶľžһʩչԼ廤ס
顪ǰһ¡¡ĽŲǧڳǳһ㣬ϻ˺һң޳ֻܹǰΡ
һ̣ɫ͵һֻǰӿһˣ׼ȷ˵ǾӣǸſף붯뻮һɢ͸һǿơ
Ӧþǳġ
˭޳ǰһ漴һſ׵ӷǰ޳һԶĵط
߲ƣ߲޳ǰһ磬򶨵˵Ҿǡ
ӽ޳ϵ´һ͸һ˿м˵δɵСӽ֧ȫˣӻ治С
޳ؿδ𻰣ȻбڣƲù
޳ͻȻһͷ֪׺ζԸǣαĶЩˣɱǳصͻơҪȻôǿķһʱɳɱϡ֮ǰ϶ͻﾳ߶ε׽٣޳жЩɵҲҪˣ
ͻȻǰһǿһ˴ӾӺֱֱĳ޳쳹Ƭռ䡣
޳Ƿܹͻﾳ߶Σ


1613 Ůս
ѤõĲѲ΢΢һ͵һƣһУƲӣԽԽǿ纣Хһ㳯޳ӿ
ǿ
޳ͷһѾʶӦ˷˫͵ǰһһǿƴֱ۵бɢγһľӭͷϡ
𣡡֪ϵʱǰͻȻһ䣬Ұ޺һ㷢һŭɲǼû޳ȥ
޳˫Ŀһӷɿˡţԭվĵطһγһӡ
û뵽ԷõľȻ깥
СҪԿˣ֪ǵĴСľ깥Ա˽ֻ˵
ûľǽ깥ڸǣɱöԷֲһҲֻܹõĳ˵ǽ
ӣǰŮĵλܸߡ޳Ŀһó֮ƵسԼ߹Ůӡ
һ壬Ƥ𪣬鵱͸ŮӡһƥҰһ㣬ѱȴ͸һԼеʣһǿںϵʣìоر
ȥЩ죬޳һ˿ɻѵ
һΪкͣҲûʲôͬߵ޳һԶĵطͣм˵
޳ֻǶ΢΢һףûд𻰣λС߲ƣǲû·˼ת뿪
վס񼧼޳ȻԼд˭ӶԴǰλСʵ̫Ŀˡ
ҵǸָ޳˵
ԭ򡣡޳ޱĿֱ˳軵ĽŮ濸סһ˵Ǹ治֪Լˡ
Ǻǣ㾹Ȼԭ򣬡ͻȻЦһ˿⣬ȴ͸һ˿⣬ͻȻɫһ࣬˵㽫֧ȫЩ֮ȫ㣬ΪǵˣѵҲӦǱ𣿡
ԭΪ飬޳κν͡һʼȻ֮٣ǺҲԸ飬ûвκˣЩҪ뵽սˣҲֻԼѡѣ⳥
Ϊʲô˵񼧼޳һӣʱ࣬Ĵδˡһ˵ûʲô˵ĻǾͽҵսɣҪҵ˱𡣡
޳ò˵һվҪݽߵĵطţõĵطͬЩ飬ĳ⳥ԶҪǵǿء
㣡񼧳ױˣȻһ䷴Ļ˵޳˵û⳥ҪǵǿظӺá
绷仯֮£ԽԽϡ٣Ҫ˵еĵط涼ѾʼѣԴ޲ߣкܶ˶ѡ뿪ø嶼˿ֻţΪкܶȫͶ뵽޳ս˵УΪ
Ҳߵĵطһ£ȥ˺ңοϲսһҪΪָ˵
΢΢ͷ˵˺⳥ǵļ˱ǣѵҲӦָ˵𣿡
޳¶һЦݣƽ˵ǲûбκˣʹǼսˣˣ޳ǿκ˱ԼȣҲԲκ˱Լȡ
˵תҪ뿪ĽҲôˣôǵ飬Ը˵ʲô
վסһˢһ¾޳ǰ޳׺վһģֻ˲ŷ޳ԵλӣɢȻһľĸоϸ̽ȴѹ̽κΪϢ
˶Ǹ֡һɫһЩǸ룬Ŀ޳ϣ˵˵Ҫսû𣿡
ǾͶְɡ޳һλŮ߾ݣټϱһԾһֻŻȴʳԱһ㣬
鲻Щ˻һֱ׷ʱǽ壬Ҳⲻ鷳
񼧼޳ڴӦһ˿ϲĹâһֳһɫޣžһ¾ͳ޳˹
µľ޳Ӧս˵ǿȻǹƽսͿûк֮ˡ
飡޻޳ɫ䣬ֳֻ̧һȭ˹ȥһҵ죬ܵĿ𶯵ķ˵
ʲôԶѶĿһһĻ𾪵صɴۣ޳Ȼֱȭͷ˴СıӣҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
û޳һȭֻѣûҲûȫƾǿȣȴ˻ɵıӸ˻
ȷʵе͡񼧴ʱɫſʼرȴǰѣ޳ӦҪҪǿӿĿȡ֮ˣҲĶ־
񼧿޳ͻȻ¶һЦݣһȣ漴ڱһǿ
ˣҿСҪˣԶûǷǳ񼧴ʱıһ
ᡪ񼧵ƲϱǣΪڽʸߣǿаŵľѡ
ƾ޳еĹâһţϸĸı䶯ıǣܵԪ֮ȻҲǿ
ֻ񼧵Χγһһ㣬ܵ˹ڹ֮£ǿơ
Щ˼
޳ѸǰһĻѾѰſΪõϢҲܹڵܵԪ֮γɹĻôټصӣγɵĹӦûҪ
Ǵ˿ûѧڽŮˣҪǾֻԼķ׵ѹƣ֪ѧİ취һ
䡭ʱ񼧵ķͻȻһ޴ĺһƺȻڵ׵ļγһľĺ
ﾳ߶ΣѹѾͷҳսԭһ㣬޳ԭΪʲôǵ֮ģܹѹסԭΪʵ֮ϡ
޳ǿԼܵս˵ܹԽսһὫʵѹڰ벽ﾳ߶ΣҲ㹫ƽ񼧻˵޳Ҳ֮Σѹʵòˡ
޳ֻνһͷҪľǸǿĶֻ֣е⣬Ѿͷ츳϶еһƴģȷʵ˱
аɣ˵һУ㳯޳ȫ뵽еɫ޵УԭֻĴֵָıͻȻ伱ٱɲǼγһֱ۴ְĹӣ̺ǿƣ񼧵Ĵ߶֮£Ȼֱֱؿٳһա
飡񼧻Ӷűӣ޳ڵķһӣֱӻӳһգһռڶֳɢ𾪵ơ
ԶЩȴ᲻ȥĿ˷ܵش
ġ׺ټ񼧵Ĺɫһд޳
޳˷ӦѾǵëͷСӣѾ˱ܵķӦ񼧵ĹǰʱѾԷرԪ֮ɿںϣ͸Ȼײһ𣬱ĺ
ȣһû뵽޳ȻῴĹ·˫Ŀһȶ𣬡ܣ


1614 
ܣ񼧵һȣһɫĹȦɲǸ֣ɢһǿĲ
깥޳һóľ깥ʱһ֣޳͸оܱΧˡ
ģС㾹Ȼóܣ޳Ҳ̫ҸˣεºôСʹһУ˿ȫĿ¶ߺޣƺ޳ʲôʮһ
ȫȥ̫ΣˣͻȻһȣǶʿ߳һ׵ˣ˵
һˣȻᣬû˸ټת֮䣬ֳͰֻʣ޳񼧶ս
¡¡оҪһ㣬ܼȻ깥ôĹ޳ʶ޳ȻûпȥֱԼʶȥһײͱǿҵĺѡ
Щ߻ûüȥסʹصڵϣڱǶðѪ
סԼƾǵǵֿסģſ׵սʿ
ɼʹˣЩɵֿסǿʹֻɢһ˿ѣ̺ҪһͨǳҪǿ
һԭѹ޳ƵľһӳսȻӣòȥЩ뻢ڡ
ҪĻҪ񼧲ò޳ʵ˵
Ѿɵȥ޳ʶȴ˿ܺ޳ʶŻһž޴ţȷʵ⡣
һ̣Ǿ¶һЦݣһһٵ˵ȻˣҾĲˣ޳һ֪ʲôŽǿߣ
ˢ˵͵һһɸǿڱ
һ޳һʱ񼧵ܵȫȫ˿ûӰ
ԼǰʱͻȻ䱬һǿһŽɫĴȻǰһ㳯
Ȼˣ޳˷ӦɿĺˣͬʱȻˢһ뵽ɢС
顪ײܵ𵴣ռ䶼һ˿Ť
ģ˼һĻԭأܶˡ
ľģ޳ķȻ͵ںϵ깥
޳ɫƽޱȣƺ͸һν񼧼ı飬࣬޳Ƕ衣
ȻˣҾĲˣһʶ޳ʵҪȻⳡս˵Ļ䣬ЩΪ޳뿪ˣо߲ѡ
Щֻ֧ѣǶ˵ǵļˣЩȫ磬ΪĴС㣬Բ̡
һǿһҪúõĽѵ޳˵ǸһϣҲһЩֻ屾˶䣬ܵһÿ֧ʣ޼ǱҲǼ˶ѣ쳣ϧǵѪ
뵽ˣ񼧵ȫ˳ûԼʵȫ޳˵ܱǸΥԼĳŵҪȫʵս޳ֵˣ
䣡ǿŭһĳ޳ȥԽսԽ£Ķ֣ʵǶ裬񼧶Ѿ׿һУҪȫ޳ս
޳ǼٱӺĽɫܣбȳһԭ͸ͻȻ䷢һ⣬漴ٵѹǿ
ڽɫҪʱͻȻ䳷еֻȥֿ
һôֵסӵﾳ߶ʵܣֻһܾͳ׳޳ˢһ³ʶȥ
أ񼧳ȵһ·һŴһ㣬޳ʶץȥͬӥץСһ㣬צһץס޳ʶ
˵˰ȫشϢӣҳһ¡Ƕڴ޳걻飬ǵȴһʤĻ
ǵȴİû޳һʯͷһεشԭأѹûκķӦ񼧶Щ⡣
깥ѵ޳ûκãԣѾסˡ
ó˽ۣ˫Ŀض޳һһ޳Ϣڱϵѹ˿κεĲĶܿסˡ
û˽ΣһһĽԴԴϵ뵽ܵУܾǱŤĿռһ㣬ϵǿв޳鲻ݵơ
޳ʱȴǹģЩʶѾܾûǿ깥˵Ƿǳõ
ȻûԪڰаûΪָ򣬿޳ѾһУԼôǿ깥Բܴ
ˡʱʶҪըһ㣬ǺѾκֻʣҪըĸо
ǷֿģʶȻӦܷǿʶϵײţȴԽײԽǿ
ǿ˻ǾΪһˣ޳Ȼκֻʣֵܹסܣ
Ҳ̫˷˼˰ɣ˶󾪲ѡ
ҵҪ㵽ܹŵʲôʱ򣡡񼧼״һɲžػӶһеıӣɲǼ䣬ԭšһľһıһɢȴǰҪǿ˺ü
ģҪˣԶۿЩ־˶ȥֲѡ
һ̣ԭվĵطͱһɷ飬޳˭棿һһı
Ȼ״̬֮һҪܹ߶ǣ֮ͨ󣬾ͻǿ깥ʱɫǿ⣬һһȻɫһ𣬱ǿ
޳ǿ֮ƺһ͵³һѪ漴ҲѪ˿ȥֲһͳһѪˡ
ɹˣȫĿŲðѪ޳Ѿ಻סҪ
һ̣ȴ޳һȣ
˶ԭأǲ˰ɣСӾȻ˵ѵ
Ҳֻ֪޳״̬һֱʮֻȴһĨңǿĹ֮£޳Ȼһ޷Խĸɽһ㣬ѹ޷
һ̣ͻȻһУΪ깥Ȼ޳һöûУҲԲ˵һöûУѪˣʲôɳ岻ɢ޳ʶ
ûܹѹ޳ʶֻܹ΢һ¶ѡ
޳һȣһһ㣬ȻڿŰһ
ܵ˴̼ͻȻӿ޳Ǹ̬̬
һ˵һ߳ȥɫܵԽԽǿ޳ϵЦҲԽԽͻȻſ˫ۣӵһ㣬ͷȴԵ˵һ㡣
ﾳ߶Σɣ


1615 
û֪һĻôģһعʱѾܲһһ׳Ѿ
عľֻüСͱû
ô񼧴վԭأʧҪ޳ΪʲôѰͻƵͻˣ
Բͻƣ͵ҡҡͷţš
Ǿ㲻ţǰǲϽ׵ʲô˼׽٣ҪͻƵ׽٣ͻﾳ߶εʱҲְɫľ׽٣ֻûǰƴѣܹܵЩ׽ٵ̺ŵϤİϢ
ﾳ߶׽еģΪﾳ߶ξһЩһܹԽһԽ֮ΪͻͻͽҪͻƾҪԭࡣ
ܹһֱάֵﾳ۷壬ǰòŸոͻƵﾳ߶ΣǶʱȻ깥ǿ֪һܹ꣬ͻƵһ硣
ڣЩ˵ûбˣﾳ߶Ȼ׵֮¾޳ͻˣ
θģǰѾ׵סȫɵˡ
޳ԭӭ׽٣һתͷͿѾͷɵ㶵վԭأһһֱվһԵ׺˵ҽȥɡ
׺ؿ񼧣ԭ޳ѰͻƵķϣҰһѡ
ֻյͻȻһֻ޴ĽɫƣֱֱسŴԭصץ˹ȥ
С㵱ģ˶ŵɫףǲֻ֪ƵǴʲôطģֻΪΣյģѾȥ֪ͨ峤峤ı񣬿ǧ¡
¡¡׵ƺԤеǿ֣ñһ׵ֱӳֻɫƹȥ
𺳵һĻˣֻֻɫͻȻһӣЩ׵ǲӬһ㣬Ŀֻƾһץס񼧣ֱӽԶľ˹
̫ˣ˿񼧲ûܵκ˺ɫȴ̫ãڳУ㶵Ķű׺û޳֪ʲô
޳ʱѾ׵ΧҲ֪ǲΪǰ׺ĳ֣׽ٱ޳һ׽ҪκʱҪǿࡣ
á޳ͻȻһ͵ض˺˸Ͽ뿪
Щ˺òײżƺƴ׽٣Ϊվڰȫĵطû£ûȥ
һ̣ǾΪԼж˴ֻۣԭΧ޳׵羹ȻѸײڶ֮Ƴӿȥ
ɽ鱩һ㣬ת˲֮䣬ѾƬռ䡣
˶ˣеı׵ûֱӻ˷顣
ܣŸо£˰ӣôȵù׵ٶȣһӾͱסһһִ׵ǽǺɻҽǽǺûͷ
ҲҪķŻع˺漴ʩչЩȫЩ˵ֻѾͻﾳ߶Σ׽ԿǼʹҲɸоǳ
ʲôˣΪʲô˿ֲ׽٣ľѣҧɫķףӣҲŲ˶ˡ
͸С㣡쵱ϵغȫٴ⣬ǵ͸񼧣ǳ
ǵķ׵ĹҲԽԽǿǵαԽ
޳ҲòȥΪƬ׽ٶͨһģ߷Խǿ׽ٵҲԽҲɵؽ䵽޳ϣ޳ܵĹҪ˵ǳе˾󲿷ֵ
ڲû˳뿪׽ٵıŭעģ޳Ѿо׵ԽԽˡ
׺վһԣûٴγ֣֪׵ıǷΪģðգҪȻ޳ͻΣˡ
ܵĺԽԽǿ޳ҲԸŹⳡϴʼķԼؽջ漴һһεĽҲջصС
ģҪȥ𣿡ԶϹǼһĻȫ𾪲ѣʷǶûмǿߡ
湻ݵģΨһ뷨
޳ȷʵܺݣôܹһߵҧ׵ϵĴ塣ȻѾ֪ħǿô;ԲֹܹǰĳɾͣҪԽħ
޳һźһҲȫ˻ȥʱѾˮע˾ǴѪصеһʹɿκʹͺ£ڽⳡϴӭĿ顣
ˣˣ˶ˣ鲻ԽȥȻȥǶˡ
һִصһ㣬ԼǿڿȻ֮ʵ̫Σˣƺоܹѡ񣬲ǳϷֲ̫ˣ
¡¡һһ׽ٲϵĽһαһδ׳һαһң޳ϮĲˤҧվһһΣԼ֪˶ٴΣ֪Ѿľʶɷ˵ĺ֮⣬Ҳû졣
һ׽ˣģȻǾɫף
ǳŴˣ漴ȫʶĿڿ֧Щֿ˵ߵʹӣĬĬرۣôǿҵ׽٣ǵĴС㣬ҲǳŲȥ˵İɣ
޳Ҹû꣡񼧿ǵɫףɫҰףδѾоǿת˲֮ͱڵһɶ
˵ĶͬԨһϢס
ˣȫˣ
޳վĿЩ޹ȥһ׽ٽ֮ǰ嵽ǰһԪ֮ʩչһ͸ס
ģ˾Ҫһߵֿ׽٣һ߱С𣿡
̫̬ˣΨһķӦ
¡¡ɫڽ䣬ݺݵ棬Խ׽ٵԽǿһ֮£޳͵عڵأֱӽ顣
ҧ֧ɫǳӵĿ޳
㲻ˣһܵǿķɡ񼧵ǵ˵ȻҲܺ£޳
һлǾȥ޳ֻ˵һ仰ȫֿ׽
һɫףĵֿ֮±ԽԽֲֻһ¾޳оԼҪ˺ˡ
ȴָоҪƣȴֱѹĸо˷ܣǿѪķһ㣬Ȼ岻ϵЩ
޳ܽʱܵﱬĿֱֲɵԭأﻹܣѹһС
޳ӣȻЩ׵֮ȫˣʱĵľ͸һһ㣬ڲ͵ơ
ģһôǲһԶЩָպ
ײûнԽԽԽԽֲͣһԿŵ׺üͷ΢΢Ѿڰ׼һ⣬ͻ޳ס׽١
һǰֵĻ᲻׽ٴα죬˵á
ģһŵסǸܵ׺һ޳ѵ˵ĵľбŵЩˣһ׽ԽԽʱԹ˲Ͼɻ
¡¡׽ԽԽǿ˿ûмĵزͨŲ񷣬ԴԴһϵ޳
顪һһײľ޳֧ŲסʱԶͻȻһХ漴һǿϢˢһ³޳һѾסˡ
޳͵һǿһȴļ룬ͷǵ׽ٱøӵķһӾͽûˡ
žܾͻȻ˶ȥһһŵͬһƬ


1616 ǿ
µƤðһ̣޳ֻоԼԹڿűʹһؿԼһǼܲΡΡվڵϣ׵û
һ̣͸оԼ걻ʲôһವһ¾ͻصǷǼܵУʹϯֻʣʹ
ղָо޳һоһ̣ʹǵõ˽һ
Ҳһ̣뿪ĸо޳ϸһ־ﲻԣǵһһҪõĸо
ԣǵõĸо޳͵ۣ⣬ɲǼ˾Ǳһһ׹˸Уرǣһһ㡣
ģʲôԶЩŴ㶵ָ׵統лֳһ޴Ӱ
˾ǿǲԶžˣ
漴һ˶㶵վԭز˵Ѿûȥ˼ǰһĻζʲôֻǱ޳ϱǹ۷ˡ
һҪأưһеƣ·һɲǣߣҲֻɲ֮䣬һţûֱ׵ѹȥ
޳׵ģӭǿϸػŸղһ˲䱬
׵ϴ£ڻȫļ˳ﾳ߶εƺȻ
һϴҹ׵粻ϵĳ飬޳֪ԼŹǻ˶ٻأ˹
׺ж¶һ˿޳˵
л޳׺һȭԷθ˵֪һ׺Ա߰Ҫɹͻƿûôף˵ܻȺԼһضù
кüΣҪ׵ˣ׺ʱʱĳͻȻ׺һյָ·һΪָŷ򣬾統Ԫһ
ãѾûκˣЩ߼޳˳ͻƣȫŵòͣһ̾ˡ
޳ϸظһΪ֮ǰȷʵ಻ͬ
ԭﾳ߶Σ޳չһ½ǣԵظ̾ܵڴһǰȫͬģѹ˵ͻﾳ߶ΣǿһȷʵܵʲôͨΪҪֱĸо
ﾳ߶һΣյĽ׶ΣеΪƣɣһζͻƣ߻ħ׺ͻȻ˵
޳һ㶣׺֮˵һ仰ɣϸĻͷ˵ס
鼱겻ãе˱ǰԻʧ˱ģŻ߻ħʲôûǲԿռ䵱УѾ͸ܹͻͽĸо˵ȽҪģ޳һƽԴ
ˣֶ֪ǰͻȻֽ񼧾ߵкθ룿޳ʵ
׺üͷ΢ɼһ£˵ܿͻᳬԽ
޳ȻЩε˵ǰӦֻǴһǿĻ֪ΪѾ˺̶ֳȡ
졣׺ֻ˵һ仰漴ֱӳųȥ
޳һ㶣Ҳȥȴǰǹɸ֪ܵΪղ˵ʱ׺̬Ȼ䵭͸һ
֪ǰ׵ͻȻ񱩣㽫޳ĥΪǹͻȻ롣
ԣ˳һΪ˾񼧣һҪɱ޳صΪֿ׽֮Զ޳ɫ˹Ϳֲ˳ּпܻĿ񱩣˶ԤϵõֺȻ֣Ŀɼ
һνǲûܵκ෴Ÿ̤ûãһſ׵ʿǰǾӵ졣
λ峤롣޳һ󽻸һת뿪ˣʲô׷һ
ôֲ𣿡޳ˡ
У޳һֵ飬ֵһ˶ûУܵȴźЩˣԸܵȵĿ⡣
Щ˶ڰй۲ǣȴûһ˳
ǰһ׽٣Ľŵˡ޳Цҡҡͷ׺һʩչˢһ¾뿪ڳǷȥ
ԶҪĻҪԱṹ޳Ҳ˺һҵڣ峤ǵ
֮ԷЩ˼ѰңΪ峤סĵط˷󷨣Щ󷨷ǳǿ󣬵׺֣ųɹͻơ
ڶ쾳󷨡޳һʵȷʵС
ֻڽ뵽ڳ֮޳һֵﲢһĳ򣬷˻ĽҰһ㡣
ԭȵЩݽֵѾȡ֮һʯ
ЩȷʵʯֻƺӡһЩÿһʯɢһ΢Ĺâһһɢڻӭǣھǡ
СЩʯ׺ɿ˵һ漴һ󱬷һǿƣһЩԭʯͻȻɿƶ
Ӧһ󷨡޳˫ĿһĿЩתʯ
¡¡Щʯһ㣬ת¡¡죬һһƴЩʯɢڿн֯һ޳
޵޳һ˿û뵽Ҫߴ߶ֻƾЩʯܹ߶ǿķ
ɿļ¼ЩӵתɢǿȣЩԪ飬һǳˡ
漴ҡҡͷԪҲ֪ЩΪЩпܾǴԶʱġ
׺ѾЩϡ
ָɾ䣬һһЩʯȻֱӱĳ˷顣
Ҳ̫˰ɣ޳ﵱеܵһУ̲ס죬Ҫŵͷλֲ̫ˣǴǱΪá
Ҳһϸÿ鶼ﲻæϴһ㣬С˵
СЩãĻζ֪֫ôԵ޹ʱˣǶĴ֮½ɰ˲ˣһ뵽԰ˣ˷ޱȣ˶
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ʲôҸ׺ͣû뵽ǾȻĶƻˣǰʲôģ
޳һ䣬׺ֱӻ֣һɫİˢһ¾ͳ˹ȥ
Ҳ̫ϧ˰ɡֹһ漴ҲҶ˵һ仰λĬӣһҲһơ
ŵɫ԰֣ɫİһ֣Ǳʲô޴סһ㣬ȫá
׺ɫӡֻһԶĵطͻȻʧˣɢľսͨһ͹˵ϣһ仰ҽ
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ǰһз峤ǵǺʶʶһλĺܡ


1617 ̳
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̳ϾҪʼˣλСЩʱޱȣ޳˵λ
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ܵ޳еľȣСԺ˵ЩǵĻĤ̺ž൱һս¿ס˵һĨźϧ˵Ǿô꣬ЩͲʵ̺Ѿǳϡ٣Ҳֻ⿪̳ʱóһá
޳ЩֱֻۺͿ˼ͲʣȫͿĨЩͲʶȻǳЩ֪⿪̳Ҫʲô
룡С޳ǳǰһָ뿪ˡ
޳׺һǸ̨֮£ʽĿʼ̨֮Χ۵Ⱥȫͷڵϣ£ž޳׺վмԵ÷ǳͻأ
Ҵʱûעǣ˵Ķ̨ϡ
˴Լһʱ䣬ıСֱʧ漴Զմ죬Ӱˢһ³̨ϡ
޳ȥΪһλɫӵӣϴһĨЦݣȥͰףֻɢһ£һϣȻ𾴣˺пܾ峤ˡ
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ǵ󣬻վˣÿ˶ǰ׷ԲԵߣžļλϡ
ʱλǰһ˵һεĿ̳ٴοʼܸлλܹǰ˵һʥʢ䣬ڴ˵һ֤ǽ֪˭ǿߡ
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죬һǿͻȻһ㣬ޱȵġ
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ˣ漴λͺ̧һ˺ɫĶǶǳĳʹλǿ׳̧֮£Ե쳣ĳ
飡طƵ죬λͺ鶼ţؽеʯ£Ŵ˿
޳ˣ֪⵽ǺηʥȻ˽š
ʱվŵλϵеһӹ˵峤Կʼˡ
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ᡪֻһɫĹâˢһ´Ǻ첼֮·ۡ
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صʱͻȻӵԾڵϣԾиߺţʯඣĻԻͼʤԶǣ
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һλǰЩ˵ܽΣҪ֮ģǵ·š
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̫ˣСһβԾܹﵽѾ൱ˡ޳ΧЩѾ˷ܵ˽
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﷢СĶʱ˶̨ϵļҲȻ춯λۺͰǱ߷ġ
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һǵͷ漴˵λͣشҶǵʵһǳ棬ղײգҲǴˣλҲһ°ɡ
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һ˵Ҫȥԣ˵ĵһӦǷԡ
Ķ˵ǵĿˣҪһͬʣȻܹǰԣôҲԣλСֵܻͦһɡ
ĵĻ˵Ưޱȣ޳ȻûзԵɣֲ⣬Ȼ뿴ν׺Ҳûֹ˼һԾ̨ϣ׺ЩںȻ̨


1618 ô
Ϣӣع۲̨ϵӡ
ֻ޳֣سʯȥ˵⣬Ҳ˵ϵ͸һɵȻ
񼧼ӣһǰ޳ԵǸ˴ѹߡ
뷨УѾ϶޳ǰɢƺ׽ٶΪӵԭСֻǼٽ֣֮װǻƶѡ
뵽ͻȻǰһֹ޳Ҫʯ˵ڲ֮ǰٱһ
޳ջ֣ޱ˵ǰѾȹҲѾ֪С㻹𣿡
ȴͱˣǰһ߰ض˵ǰף׽ٽǶɱˣ˭Ҿ÷ǳбҪٱһ
޳˵޳ԾͿԱԣȻˣĳǡ
˵ת̨·ȥΪѰã壬ȫȻΪϲŶһڣǶĴС㣬޳ûж˼ȥӦԣʱõİ취ֱˡ
޳ô׵ľ뿪ˢһͳޣͳ޳׷˹
Сӣװռ˱˾𣿵ҵ޴𲻴Ӧ
˵ţӳһӣһɫһžһ´ֱֱĳ޳׷˹ȥһߣŴŶӣˢһ²޳
޳ȴͷҲصһһεˢһǱӷײֻصһܵĿռ䶼һ¡
񼧵˫һ޳еʵģʹˣ˵ɲֵһĸ񼧷ֱ׷бžžžĻӳӰɫɲǼ֯һǵصĳ޳ȥ
޳Ҳ̫ثˣֱӽѾͷͺˣҪ㰮ȥȥˣͲסغ
㲻ҪǱ𣿡޳Щ취Ƿӡסǲſȫ
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޳ͻȻתӭ񼧳˹ȥ˵ĲһζĶҲܹ⣬ǽȥܿҪһӣ񼧶Ϥޱȣʱⲻû鷳ݴ͵ķֱ׵ĳ
ţѾ˷ӦһǻһӾû񼧷
޳˫Ŀһˢһע뵽УԭҪĻһӱǿɢľǲݽߵһ㣬ԽԽǿȫ漴ٵ
һĻ˶ȵŴ죬һ˿ţǴûֵ֮ƲԽԽǿľǣǴС깥Ȼֱӱסˡ
̨ϵȴ޳ĲҲͬںγɵ깥ڱϲûжֻ޳ɾѹס񼧵Ĺѡ
һû񼧵Ĺȫݻ٣޳Ļһͬˮһ㳯˹
д񼧳ױŭǰȷʵˣһ֮²㱻ռ˱ˣߵһӽԼȫ˳ﾳ߶εƺȻͬһ㳯Ӷȥ
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޳òϣ񼧵츳ߣΪҲǳףʱס޳оԼľ͹𣬾޴ѹڵѪҺڡ
оҪ壬Ҫһ㣬Ǽǿ깥Ȼʶǿ̫ͻְѹأ񼧵깥һʱͻƣȴܵصս
ԿͻȻ޳ʶ׺޳һ붼δ룬ӾѾ޷ȥ
׺˵ų̂ϵλв뽫Լʵȫ¶ûԪԣԿĵƾһţһʵ˵пܻΪһơ
ӣһ޳ľٶʱ׷˹һ޳󲻶ϵķķһһ˵׷޳Ĺ
񼧼ֱҪץˣ޳ǧͬо޵еģܹ׷
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޳ʱŹܲЩǰɽԪǴˣ˼άҲͷ˱仯ʱ򣬴ɷ죬Щ˴ŵ鲢ûжôѣֻ뵽ĵʵʵв
޳ȥ񼧱׼ŭˣ͵˿ȫעʶУ漴бȣɱ
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ô£˴󾪣㶵ؿǰ
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һпԭôͬһΣǾԲˣ˴վԭأ׵ɵˡ
Ŀʯ⽥سȥʯˣһ꿴Ʋĵһײ˷顣
̨ЩδüԵ˸Ǹɫ԰ףǰ÷ǳĽ޳һײʱǸܵǳ̣ǵΪȲϳϺ峤Զȫ赲ˡ
ļǵɫüͷ͵һ漴ָ⣬žžžϣǼλǻһ㣬ÿ˶һһ亹죬Ǵˮϸһ㣬µؿŴһƬлĻָվ޳
ǰǾȻ޳͹ײɢѹסˣԶĳȥ
һʲôֽţ˵㵽׶ʯʲôͻȻųȫû߰ĴСԽܲˣ綼ܹʯȻ޳ˣ


1619 Ϊϱ
̡صʯ̵죬ԭŭޱȵޱȵĶŵϵЩʯͷ
ʯڷµǶ̨ʯ춯־˷ܵغ
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ΣϾһײıȻĵġ
ղȷʵûע⵽Щֻ⵱һʯû뵽ȻֱӱˣΪֹ޳Լ֪׷ʲô顣
ЩӵĿ޳һۣ˶ڰ֣˵һ䣺û¡ʧԭء
񼧼״ö½ţȻַ߷ߵؿ޳һۣҲ׷ȥˡ
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޳һ˵ͨѪ֮
ҵѪ֮޳ԼѾûǸųЦǵĴش⡣
һ㣬ԪҲ׺Ȼ˵׺޳˵ȥá
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˸ҴãǲһһСΧĿضǡ
׺һͻȻֻ֣ǰһȺ˾ֱӵ˵ϣѡ
λס֣Զһغһλ׷ԲԵ߷ɿԣ׺޳˵
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˵Ѫ֮˴󾪡
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ǰ˴ս˵˼ȫϣҲûע⵽޳ʯʱ򵽵ʲôǵĹУ޳ȻǶʯȫһƣԲʹˡ
ΪÿһλԵˣҪʯӦüȫУ񼧾Ȼ޳ֻһ£Կ
ҲλϺԼҸ׵ķӦһһǳص˵û÷ǳղеȫӱҵ׷ϣѹûжȥʯʲôֻһʯˡ
ôǳ״סˣ漴˷ܵ˵뽫Ƕȡ²ɣλϿٶȥ׼ɡ
ҲֻˡλȻЩģջǱеľȺͺ񣬼˷׷ȥ
ܿ죬ھֻʣĸŮתͷʵǰսʱɻзĵط
ü˼صͷ˵ɢǳ֣ܸоԴԴʱ̱仯ŵĸо
ޱȣ˵ǵǻþģսʱ򶼻ԽԽϸһ룬ȷʵûз޳κƣ͵֢״һֱһ۷״̬ȻʱûмķȥռϷ磬ʵ඼Ǳ޳ƿš
ףǲǣ૵ʵһ˿Ĺڴ͸ʲôеһľĸ磬Ǹ幫ϵš


1620 ҹ
ǸõطԪڴˣʱǻط̽ˡ
᷿ڣ޳ϣһֶһֻյһַûţȴԪ飬Ҳ֪λˡ
±ģ֪ԪԪǱ߻ȥ鷳Ȼ϶ǱϾ϶ûеﶴ쾳磬ٻЩĵġ
Ҳ̫ˣˣǰ޸ɡ޳ĵﵱдǵ٩
ұðһˡ޳ޱ˵
𣬱޳ʲô޳ĵﵱַŭǺܿ죬ȥ
á׻ֻ˵漴ʲôסͣҲǱһȥˣɲùļһһסûͻһǳˡ
һ츳ҲһһֱͻƲˣҪһӣ׻жʱһ񺮣ҲҺҶ˼ר־
޳ͣȥԼ¡
ʯ飬ͷˮֿһ飬治֪ô£Ϊǰûκһ˿
ѵΪѪ֮𣿡޳ʵ
֪ԼѪ֮к֮𣿡ͻȻһŮ漴һӰһһ̾ͳ޳ǰ
޳վͷС㡣
񼧵һĨɬ˵㲻˽ң־ͿˣΪǰǸģҲ£ϣ޴粻Ҫϡ
ͻȻת̬ȣ޳ЩӦЩε˵С㲻ˡ
˵˽֣ҽ񼧣ס𣿡ֻ۾ģؿ޳
޳йâһЦʵ֪ǰΪ£
ȻŮʾã޳ȻᷴԣοĿ˼Ů
񼧱һʣһĨƣЩŤ˵ңûʲô飬Ǹ֪ǰܹ֣޴粻Ҫϡ
û£޳ν˵һɡ
ûиԼߣһ˿ϲɿԣ˫ֻյȴǽŵ˺ȡ
޳ҲҲһԣغԼĲ衣
ڻûסЩСؿʵ֪޴ǰʯһк뷨
˵޳ᣬæ͵޴粻Ҫ룬ûб˼ֻĵҪѯһ£ΪʷôûһܹˣԴҶǳ档
޳֣ʾԼûж룬Ҳ֪ôһ£Ǻ˵ǰҲûκֻһ£ʯֱˣ⵽ôһ¡
񼧵ıϣ㶵ĴԭأŻعĿ⸴ӵؿ޳һۣǰû㲢ûκ޴ֱ֪һ
񣿡޳ʧЦǻ̧Լ
ȴǳĵͷ˵ûһܻ֪嵽һ壬˵ϹʱһѪѪ֮һҪǿࡣ
޳һҪԶʱڵһйأʱõ϶Ļش𣬵Щ˼һֱһֱħţѰ𰸣ǰӴЩ˶ֻ˵߲²⣬û
޳Լ˼ʱͻȻһץס޳֣ȻʶԣŵջԼ֣ŵ˵޴֪𣿾Ҹ綼ûܹһʯ㾹Ȼ׾ٵؾֱӽˣ
磿
ûҸʷѪ֮һˣȻԶʱڵȫȣô˵һ˵ĸ磬ȫǽҲȾһһ㣬ݹ
Ƿ磿޳ͻȻʵ
ϲʵ֪Ҹ𣿶ԣˣҸھǲǸҸ
޳绹СȷʵӦ뵽ݣ˶𾴣ٿɢӦ뵽ˡ
ͷ˵һλɶõѡ
ô˵˿һЦ˵ͺˣһìܣô˵Ҷˡ
ְࡣ޳ʵ˵ڵ磬һֿռŤʱǻˣ˵֧ŵԪԪֹ֧֣ռ顣
ȻϵıҲ׺һһֱģȴǸȵˣֵýѡ
Сشһ޳ûκεĲã˵ȻҶѣôԴҲѽ޴ãˣ֮彫һʷʷʢ䣬޴μӡ
ʢ䣿޳Щ죬ü˵ǳл룬޳
У޳Ļǻһ־Լ̬̫ˣŵ˵ҲǸ˼ֻʢʷ˴ģҸ綼øϻģѵ㲻Ҹ𣿡
޳һ˿ɻ񼧵̬ȿɲôһ£ܾͻȻһ׺
Ӧ
޳һ׺ӣǷǳҪ飬Բⳡʢ䵱жȻΣͷ˵ˣʹˡ
Ӧˣ˷ܵشһѾͷһ㣬ȻʶԼķӦˣǿѹסͷ˷ܣ޳˵ȻӦ˿ɲܷڣȥ߸ף漴һ̾ûӰ
¡޳ؿȥķһĨ˼
漴׺ķʵΪҪȥμǳʢ䣿
׺ڴûһɳĬڴϣѹûشһ
޳һԿãûеõӦֻ뿪׺ϵԽԽǿˣ޳һֱڲϵ곤ķչ
Ȼ뷨ܿЦ޳ȴĸоغϵģϢԽԽһλͬˡ
֡޳˼⣬֪ʲôʱ򣬶׺ĸоڿһλ곤ǰһ㡣
Ҳһ˼䣬һжܹ˰ɣ޳ҲֻοԼˡ
֪ǣӦϢʱĺͼλٴλĳһ˷ܵĲֱӽݶƷ
ˣұ˵̫磬Ҫοܹȷһʧɡ侲˵
λɫһеĵһţ˵һǾЩ̤ʵϾܹһƻʯ֪ʲô
ǾҲӦһ̽ҪȻȥҶġһλ˵
ûҲô룬ΣǶܹΪǰжҲ޳ʲô˺ҲΪǡĳ˵
Ǵȴûзɣ˵ҲǾԵûΣգ˵үʹǼʱ𣿡
˵ɫһףǰƺֳյΣڣǶ¡
żʵǿô죿һĳ޴᲻Σգ
˵Уڶ೤ϺһѹأӦòʲôΣա
޳Ѫ֮⣬ֻǽʯѷ죬޴һʯˣɼ츳Ҫȸ绹Ҫǿһ
ûһˣȥϢɡĴ񼧵Ļ̬ȷǳǿӲ


1621 Ϊ
ܿ͹ȥǱߴϢ˵ʢѾ׼޳׺ǰȥ
֮⣬ûκ޳ǣ޳Ҳ徲һֱڷ
һ·ϣÿ˵鶼ǳļȫ˳ĳһ򣬿ȴֻ˲ųǸȥ˶ֻվԭأ˷ܵĹѡ
мǰ޳һͶ˵޴ˣʢǰþУȥɡ
ǵǱ޳Ҫ޳еɻԽԽǿ֪ĺ«ﵽʲôҩǵлɿسʳ÷ȥһûκǣķȴǰ˲֪ػķѾ
޳òʹܹƷ󣬽뵽÷Χ֮ڡ
ʱԶ۲εļ˼޳ľٶһ¶ӵı飬͸һ˿ϲ͸һ˿š
ܹ׾ٵش͸ǵ÷ܹ߳ķ겻򵥰ϸ̾
Ӣ۳꣬ˡ˸иĻǽš
վ˵Ҷȥ׼ɣס۷ʲô飬һҪȱסҲۡ
УҲһҪ޴İȫͻȻվ˵ǰ޳⣬ЩΣڵǷǳά޳
ĵһԼŮ΢΢̾˿ȻŮ
˵ʲôأ˸Ťһԣ˼޳˵
ˣҲһȥ̨¹ɡЦ˵
漴뼸λǱȥ׼˲ôš
޳ʱ򣬷һѾһ̨ܲʯݻ
޴磬񼧴ʱ򣬾ͷ޳ϲӭ
޳˵ͷֽĿ˼̨ϡ
˳Ŀȥһ˿˵ʢ䣬֪ҪⳡʢҪӴ
ʵ˵ǣеǳǿܷһ壬Ľġ
ȴ޳ı鵭ģûбЩʯŵǰսʱԴԴЩʵ޴磬ڵǲǷǳ㣬սʱҷѹԴԴ⵽ôģ
޳һ㶣ЩãĿ񼧡
񼧶ʱһܵ˺ı飬޳Ȼûע⵽£
ѵ֪սʱ˥𣿡񼧲ŵط˸ۣЩ˵Դʲô
޳һȻı飬Щ˼˵ԭ˵飿Ѿܾûעˣô¡
ô£񼧴ܴĽ֮ھԲҪٸ̬˵ˣôǿƣȻû֣޳ıϣҪڹ԰ڡ
飬ǰļ˾̨дһ˿죬ԭַǷ˷ܵؽ̸ŵͣʱž
޳ÿ˶ڽŶ˷ܵע̨ϣֱҪһ㡣
޳ɻΪÿ˶˽ţÿ˵ɫǽ͸һ˿ڴȴַ·ʱܵ׼ǹ졣
λ밲ʢϾҪʼ˶ĵص𣬾һĥһصѹ˵ϡ
һ̣˵ȫÿ˶Ϣӣҷһ˿޳״ҲòԼտԱߵ׺һֱûľٶΪԭȾûɢκε
񶦣̨ϴ漴аλ̧һ˺첼ĶǵĲӷǳĳأ̧һɽһ㡣
ǶһֳȫҪʧȥ˺һ㣬޳жصһ
Ԫ޳ȵص۲ŵĿǰǿ鱻ڸŵĶȻһ˿ԪϢ
飡ܰλ󺺼ĿţصʱǷ˾޴춯ײŵЩΪȽֱһƨ˵ϣ漴ǾſڵϹš
ˢˢˢԱߵҲȫڵϣԶأ˭̧ͷ
ֻʣ޳׺Ⱥվԭأ׺ʱĿҲЩһ˲˲ĶǱ첼ڸŵ񶦡
ȥһĳĴ˶񶦾˺һļݣһʱⳡʽϡ
ɹڵϣ̨ϻ˫ۣ߾ͷϣһصֻУ첼µ񶦷һ˿Ĺâ
񼧼״˵񶦴Ӧǵ󣡡
񶦣񶦣񶦣ſڵϻ
ĵĻֳָֻܿ˰ϵعڵϣż̨ϵľٶ
ֻһԽԽأȻһ㣬뼸λһ񶦹ȥغ
ֻ¡һһűһ޳ֻǰâһǺ첼ԷƮ¶һֻɫͭ
ĵһӦ͵һⲻԪͱ񶦸סˡ
񶦵ԪһԪһ˿ǣЩǰһĻȷǳԲȥ֮⣬һԲȴʮ㡣
ɢƣһоȷʵԪԪǳƣϸһ̽ȴ߻кܴģԪɢһԶŵĲɣأǰһ𣬵һ˿ѪζɢϢǴѪζɢһ
񶦿ˣ񶦿֮ȫشӵϱ֡
û뵽һ񶦿˳վ޳Ը˵˵
ѿ𣿡޳ʵ
û񶦷ǳѣʮδεҲֻǽһܹɹѡ˵
񶦿ףôǾͻ᲻ϵĿ𣿡ͻȻشս޳ʵ޴磬֪񶦵зʲô𣿡
޳ҡҡͷǰѾȥ̽ˣֱһε赲סѹܹ̽⵽浽װʲô
ǿԸоɢǿⶨȻ򵥡
񼧺ٺһЦŬŬ죬Ц˵Ͼ֪ˡ
ʱ̨ϵʽ޳̨
޳һ㶣ʢֻһӣ뿴ǵҪʲô
޳һԭһӰһͳ̨ϣ̨µӰʧ
׺վԭأδд㶯ľٶСվ׺ԣܾ˷ǳֲúöҲΡ
޳̨֮󣬾ȻǶ¹޳ЩˣȴͻȻԭһֹǵĶ
װĵʲô޳ѹޱȣŸһӽ񶦣Ǳһסˣ·һٻ񶦵еĶٻ
ǲûз޳ľٶǹڵ˼֮վ޳˵СֵܲҪ֣ǰֻǽһеɻѣʥλǳߣսֻҪֵܰæȥ񶦴к
˵޳ӦƵģ֤ģԲСֵܳκΣգ㾡ܷĵȥҲǽһԸ
޳ȫûǵĻʱȫ񶼱񶦵еĶȥˣ֪װʲôﾹȻһֿ
ڷĽţȥȥַ棬ȥ
޳Щ˫Ŀʧ鲻Խس񶦿


1622 ȫ
̨µ׺һĻһǲδֹǼ޳ĴӦˣϸ¶˷ܵı飬Ĳ㻶
޴磬ǧ°ڵ½ŲѵĿš
ЩҲȫģŵ÷·඼ҪһȫĿתض̨޳һһ
޳ǻ˫ȣʧ˻ľżһֱۣĳ񶦿񶦻һԶʱ޳ͻȻ
һҸղôˣΪʲôһֱƵĸоҪջȥӾǱһɾ޴סһѹܹԼȫ޷Լƣȥ޳üͷţ˫һˢһ¾Ҫ
Ǿһ̣ͻȻ׺дҪ޳һ䣬Ҳôһ־Ѿ棬һ̣һ޴ĺһһҵضԽԽ졣
ʹرסͷһȫڵϣ𾪵Ŀš
ģĶҪȴүҪԾҪ࣬ǿ񶦺ǳλָ˵
ȫҰͻȻȵһ˲˲ض񶦣³ʲô⡣
޳ʱ𾪵ؿ񶦣ûиоκεĲʣ÷ǳоԼڽһϴһ㣬һͨĴ뵽ľУڡ
ûһɰ˳ӿڡѹ׺ôõĻᷴǱأֻ޳Щ֣׺ô֪
޳ǾԪܹṩģ̺һַǳĸоڼڵǱһһ˵ھѡ
ǿ쿴񶦺͸ˣע񶦱仯ŵļλͻȻغĶһûгֹ񶦾Ȼı͸ɫĶҲĸǰ
޳ŷ֣񶦵װŵľȻǣѪҺ
ѹŵѪζȻѪҺЩѪҺ̺Ӵ뵽һֿܣǴѪܵӦþѪ֮Ԫһ˵عЦ
ҲЩȻΪЩѪ֮ȻԴԴӿڣȫܹ赲ǵӿ룬˹Ҫˡ
ǺܿҲ˲Ծ뼸λವһΧס񶦣ŵؿ񶦵еѪҺټ٣ôܣ⵽ôһ£޳ʲô
ǼֱҪˣǷľѪ֮ȻԼٶʧ
ĺܿͷ֢ڣ붼δһƳ޳˹ȥס֣ὫɵģǷ޳ȻЩѪҺǺã
ǣĻδ޳ϣͷҵһ£һⲨ৵һ»ģ˳ȥ
˴󾪣λֹҪģ˵ڱǷ˵ɫȫ԰ףµŸȻڵϣһͬĩһ
ô˶ˣȫǱ˻һʧĴԭء
޳ʱȴ񶦿ţòЩѪ֮ڵѪҺϵļ٣ӿ뵽޳ڣģӴ޳ԳɫҲԽԽ԰ףüͷţʹޱȡ
ļˣһ˿ϣСֵܿסְɣܲ˶ЩнܳӵľѪ̺֮ӴȫյĻֱӱġ
ҿƲס޳ѵؼһ仰ʹİһҲûжľȥشִʱǱűһЩѪ֮ҪκһյԪ֮ҪǿԼѾȫľľֻͻȻ򣬴޾ʹ࣬궼Ҫ˺һ㡣
ѾھܵؽЩȫʶǿޱ֮ʶȻܹһôʶеǿ̫ԽԽȣ޴
޳Ըܵھҵתͱ仯ɼʹˣôӴ޷ģѾŵ۴Уˣ㵽ʲôˣ
޳ﻹоش⣬ʱܹһԼ׵ıըѾܲˣҲܿ췢˲Ծ޳һ赲ôϮɼʹˣûкתЩ޳ʶ˾޴ĻٻԭдеһӾͱճ˻ҽﶼή
ʱһ۵ȴ͸һ˿˷ܣǿϲóԣ
һץסǿűŵʯͷ㽫Ķڴ򿪣Щգ
ľһ£˵ôģڷǼ鼴ҲŲ㣬Щ϶⡣
ֱһʯͷ棬ɸֵ˵ʯͷСʶ̣ôǿǰ㾹ȻãУõĻǸ̫ȫյҿ˭ȥ
Ĳȷʵ˵ģ
ǳ˵ƭʲôҪȻΪΪҪǧؽЩΪ׼ģ㾹Ȼĵ¿ηΣҿһ˾Բ١
Ļδ˵꣬Ѿſ˶ڷһ̰Եĺһ㣬ƴûãͷһߵͷ㾹ȻƭҰʹˣ
ҪرնڣȴȫܹرգЩȫӿڡ
̫㽫ҷſķ־ȻǸ̫ĹҪĿˣŭǾֻ۸ң
氲οˣЩܹѵһֱôС
ĺʹһᱻűģĿź
ЩôԴԴӿ룬˶ĵİæ޳ĸоʱ࣬񶦵еѪҺѾ˴룬ʣ²֮һ
Ǽ״һڵϣţˡ޳СֵܣôʣһЩѽʮ˵ܲȫչ˰ɣ
޳ȫܿƣǣǻȥǵ񶦰ɣȫĹ
һվʷʹһ죬һ˾Ȼֱӽػŵıȫˣһβʣ
һβʣۿˣλҲһҪ޵ӣµǸɴֱӿ˶֪ЩѪҺζʲôζʲôʲôûˡ
ǿ޳Ŀ⣬ߺ޵ļֱɱ޳Լ޹Ľһ˿Ͷˣ֪˵ʲôǶȥ룬˵ҺܱǸ飬޳ᾡ
ôһ´ӵŭغĶʮѪ֮ǴȵģھȻȫˣ˵Ҫβ
޳ǱĻˣһжʧһ㣬ֻʣ¼֣ȣȣ


1623 屩
ȡĸ޳ʶвϵطŴС˵ľ죬ô֪ͱ߸ˡ
޳һʵʲô˼
Ĵʱŭţ޳ʻش˫Ŀͨ죬ŭ˵ѪҺ
ԣǵĶλҲ׷׻һӽ޳Χס˵
˵Ҳһ˲˲Ķ޳ֱɱһ㣬񶦵еѪҺ˵ǾȫıھȻ޳һӾͱˣܲ
ǾڴҪһж޳ʱֻʮֻȴͻȻ¡һ漴һֲּٶѺۣһƬ
˶ԭأֵضŵһصƬ
ˣ
ôܣʮ񶦰ôܾˣ
ˢһתͷݺݵص޳ʵǲֽţ㲻ǵѪ֮ȻŹ񶦣嵽Բ㣬ǣ
޳ʱ˼ĶصƬͻȻҲȷʵϣǰƲ⣬пܾΪ˵еѪŵ񶦱ģΣӸϵҲͲˡ
һǡ޳˵ͬʱĬĬؼһ䣺ȷʵ֪ܻܲĳȥΪʱЩѪҺȫ˳ľӿ뵽ʶУعϸ̽ʱЩѪҺȻѾ÷ǳϡ١
ȥˣ޳һ㶣ѸٵĲ̽ȻЩѪҺȫڳһӿȥ
ģ
޳һ㶣ЩѪ֮ȻȫǸСһˣʱſһڣЩѪ֮ʱطһ̾
̫óˣζͺˣҿ϶ٵĳɳġ
СҲ±Щɶ˵Ķһ͹ˣȻ̰ģһԼţǺöȻװױСǡ
˵ʲô˴С˶԰ɣ
޳ЦãǰȷʵǶİæСһﾹȻ񫣬޳֪νеѪ֮ȥģʱʶѾʣ޼ЩѪ֮ڳϿյǿ̫š
̫ҲǳЩѪֻ̫֮ٶ붴ĵıֱС׼ףûһȫĸˣ޳Ը̫ܵһ£漴Ȼһǿơ
޳аһˡδüֹͼ̫ǿҵĹâشһˢһ¾Ͳס˶ģһӽסģѹ
ҪʲôľֵغĶûйرգ̰Ľһ˿Ѫ֮ߡ
䡪̫ŭˣȻɢ˼άʶеģǿһֱܵĿǴʱЩһ۵СֹˣԶķҵĹ
޳ֻ̫ǿҵĹâһһವֱ붴ļӲĿУſȥǹСʯͷ֮ͱͬһֻһ㡣
СһﰧţʲôҾȻģ˲𰡣˵Ķ˭зݣƾʲô˽ҸҾԲ³ģ
ش̫ҵĹ޶޲ˡ
һԿϷȴŶܹ³һЩҲ͵͵һЩȥô࣬ղѾҪЩ룬ǷֲôһѣⶫҲÿܹܵģһô໹Ϊˡ
޳һεҡҡͷʶ˳ȥһӦзִ磬ʱóҪȺˡ
㲻Ҫ𣿡ļ޳þûжֽߵʵ
޳ε˵ѾˣҺܱǸһķʽ
ҲЩˣʶеö³ѣ³һЩҲᱻ̫գһ㶼
޳ĻɫһӾͱ̶ͬˮһ㣬ҧгݵôѪ֮»һ˿Ҳã㾹Ȼһ㶼޳ǿоΪݣ
ǰɽڴˣһᷴһ䣺ûػǶȻѡˣʲô
޳Ƥû̶ֳȣ֮ȫŭУ˵仰֮ͻᱻΧŹĵʵɲ⣬׺Ʋ⣬Ӧж쾳磬ʱ޳һϣֻ·һ
޴磬ô΢һЩɣ񼧻ع̨ϣ޳˵
Դҹһ̸֮񼧶޳ӡ˼ĸĹۣȻҲ˵޳ߵĸطǸطͱܵѣһоԭģ޳ˣԴʱŭ֮ǰȰȰ޳
񼧵⣬޳һ䣺޳˵ٻѪҺȫˣһͷһЩ塣
˵ʲôôǶ۷ĸҲȫգһֻﾳ߶εСӾȻ˵ȫˣֹƭСӶУȵ
Ҳǽȥһᷢŭģʱ޳һᱻɱ˵ġ
޴磬ڿɣתͷ˵ףȷʵ֮ҲˣղͻȻһӽ޴סˣ񶦽Ѫ֮ȫ뵽޴ڣҿĿõģ޴粢ԸģҸһᡣ
üͷһ壬ЩĿһԼŮѾͷǰջ޳һ㣬ôһӾά
Ҳһˣͷ˵ֻҪ޳Ը⻹һЩܶ٣ǶԽʱ£ܹѪ֮٣ͻǶ١
ܹòˣѪ֮ԷǳҪڶ뽫޳ֱѪ֮ĳ嶯Ծ޳ʱֻܹһ˿ҲŹһҪܹپͻ١
޳ʱٴǱ뵽ʶУҪö³һЩСһıŻƾȣ̫ο򶼲ɿڡ
ֱ̫ӱˣһĽţëһವؽ˸ܲ͸磬ɼʹˣСһҲɿڣίǾ۸ҺˣЩѽҲһƬˣ
޳Σڵɻûܹĸ̫ٽ˻ȥ񼧱Ǹҡҡͷ˵ƻҪһЩʱ䡣
ȫǽڣǳ׷ŭ˵Ѿ˵޳ٶȾ֮¾޽еģҪ˵ôһ˿ȭͷСһҲ֮䣬֮˵
ûȻƲԳԷƣôǾֻʹ÷ǳֶˣһסͶ뵤¯ֱ
˳ױŭżĿ޳ֿǣ֪Ǻá
ģǴͺˣ޳ѣһ취ġ
ڣŭ峤һӽ޳ΧסˣƱҪյȫ³
ĵƷɢδ޳͸һǿѹ޳ʶתͷ׺ڵķȴͻȻ׺ͷһʧԭء
޳ˡ


1624 ʵ
޳ˣҪԶԿ쾳ĸ׺濴
޳㵽׻ʵ
޳ֻεĽͣǰҲЩȫˣҪһ㡭
ڣĴݷＷ֣޳˹ҲΧ£һ𣬿Ĭ
񼧼״޳ãҪ󣡡
޳һĻ붼֪ȻͬСɣʱһǲˡ
޳һִԲҾѪ壡
ڰյУӸµĿ޳ûȫɢʱֻǱ޳ͬﾳ߶εľ硣Ա޳Ĳ¡
޳ȴ𾪲ѣ֪ԼҪͬ߸࣬ǴʱɢȻ¡ΪȫԼѹ޷Կ
޳ҸᣬԼϧĵıѾŭޱ飬ʱµģɢһƣͬһƬĺ̶һ㽫޳ס
̹ǵֱ裬޳ֻоԼһӾͱˣѪҺŤתûҪ̵ĸо
͵һ깥ɱĴ̹Ǹ˳ľʶȥҪʶ飬׵ĥ꣬ɼԷɱˡ
޳ԲԴУ˫Ŀһˢһ⣬漴üžһ£һһǿĹˢһ´üͬһһֱġ
ͬʱĵ깥ˣ޳ʱͬӺ̶б̳һ㣬亹죬Σǽˡ
û뵽޳ͻȻǿһͱһ޳øӵ
ȷʵеͣȻˣϷóһЩ汾ͷˣ˵͵һֻһڱһ¡¡졣
ǧһ㣬ʱڼٸһɰƴɢһܵĿռ伫ŤʱһЩΪֱ˵ڵأȥ
޴硭񼧵ǵؿű׵ƿס޳żΣһԱԲʱܹȥ޳ҪȻǳ⣬ˣֲ޳ıĸɱˡ
һĺ㲻ɱô˳̵ﵽ׷ʲô˲֪ʱ˵ƾǿҲõѽ
üͷһ壬ȴˢһ¿סҪ
Ů˵û޳ڵս˵壬׷Щ˲ưոݣʱⲻҪһңиҪ񣬾ԲܹʱΪС
һЩﾳ˶εľ磬һ°ס޳˵ʱɱ㣬Ͷ뵽¯Уܻܲƾ컯ˣ
˵űҪ޳ץ
䣡޳˫ȭһ͵һһǿƴڱ漴һײڰסǵ֮ϡ
ֻܵĿռ䷢һҵ춯ͬˮ˳һ㣬ֻһȻȫˡ
Ķһ£漴ɫٵķɭ˵ֲϧھԵʵ֮£ȫûʤ㡣
˵޳ܹԽ׶սԶʱı֮࣬ҲУֽһЩڲ̽޳ĳһһء
һĽϷľץסèһ㣬ҪǶŪš
޳ɫرò԰ͶעϵѹԽԽҲﾳ߶εΪѣԳԽȫ޷⣬ѾҲȫɢ˳ϣҲ޷סԽԽǿơ
ô죿񼧼תסףһһߵص޳޲ֱӽҲҶ˵һ仰ֻ޳ϣܹƽա
䣡ĽﾳŶ۷ʱ޳Ҳ֧Ųסžһ¹ڵء
ϥֱֱĲ뵽˵£ҳҲѹѾֱͷ亹ֱð͹Ҫһ㡣
Ŀ޳Ŀ⵱͸һ˿𾪺ͣû뵽޳ĳȻǿ󣬲Ҫ˵ľ磬˵Ϊ峤ǿҪ츳׿Խ߻Ҫǿ࣬ʱԿһ˵İ벽쾳ˡ
޳ʱҲǱѹڵϲܶѣϵе屬ȫûг֡
οﾳŶ۷Ѿȫһȣ΢һЩǴ˶쾳磬˵һʷķԾôǿѹ֮£޳úõĻš
ߣһĵ׵ǹսҲ׼˳
ײҪҲ̲סɿسȥҪֹĵľٶ
δͱۼֿȵСʲôȥᱻ˵ģ
벽쾳ֲһͻᱻֱӵɳȥ˼Գקţ
¡ƴһɻѹ޳ֻоͷĻһϢһӽסһ̣оܵһȫʧˣҲȫʧˣֻʣ
ƣǿҵ޳бȣ͵ĴӵվһȼŽɫâĻһ㣬ٵĳճȥҪֿƣҪ뿪
ʶеǿ̫ܵǿΣʱֹͣ붴ĵᣬ͵һ󱬷һǿҵĽ⣬ವһ´޳塣
ƣ޳һȣȼһɣವһֱȻĽĵѹ˺һڣವһ¾ʹ˳ȥ
ôܣȫޱȣôͻ峤벽ѹƣ
һ˿⣬Ȼ˵Ѫ֮һѪ֮ڰ
˵жһѪĹһɼµĿûѪ֮Ȼܹһ˵ǿǱɼĿֲһҪ׷
׷޳ȥжϺȵôûɣһҪס
ϾͺãλٶԽԽ죬һַǵƮɢյγһŴŹֵķɲǼܲգ¡¡죬صʲôڱһ㣬Ӵɢľ
ѾɵԶ֮޳ܹоµĿֲϢһʩչǧټٵĳԶնȥ
ǻδȥãʹһǿ׷ﾳ߶δ߷ǧٻȲ϶쾳ٶȡ
Ϊס޳Ѿ˲ô࣬һ¾ͽ쾳ȫɢ˳
󺣣۳޳ֻоһгȫǶ쾳޳ֻоԼˮۣеĵֿˣһɾɥǵصؾ
һ͵ѹԲܾ䣬쾳ΣҧҲóȥ
ǾҪյһ̣ǰͻȻһƬ⣬һķģͻأسǰסȥ·
޳һͬ׹Ԩһ㣬̹ǣɢȫܹģȻɢĶ쾳Ҫǿ


1625 
ǿΣ֮£ûκΪ˰㣬ֻԼ
޳һǿԽԽ£֪׺ҪЩǲֵģҲÿһǿΣˡ
޳Լȥսʤ޳һǿ𶯣̫ǿó
䣡̫޳Ļһ㣬𶯵ԽԽûн뵽޳ڣವһ°סģĴ
Ǹ˼Ҵܣʲô飡ƾʲô۸ңĲ΢һֱ۴УִʱŹ̫ǰҪǿ
޳һ㶣漴Ȼֻ̫ǽĿǰǿɢˣȴȫк˶ϣӦҪöɿڣǹޱȵѪ֮³
ҲһȰٲ³ʱץȥǾͻֱӽʱҲܵǿ˺һûҪҰˣ˶۸㣡
ƭˣ˲ûôĶ޳Ƿǳĵģô̬ô׾ͻᱻ˸ˣֻҪ޳ûû£Զķǳġ
ѵһǿѹ֮£˵츳ٸߣҲԲܹ⣬ٲʱֱӽӳȥ
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Ҫ³ǶһֻԻ˵ҪѾȥʳǾԱɱѣһȨ֮£̰ԹǾػԼζ
СӡǱĳûƢˣ̫ƺһЩʼƴĳײģֱ˳һ㡣
޳Ѿжܵһȥֿ󷨺ĵ˫ѹơǰǺл޳ֻһɢȥͱǻգٵؽϲĥ
޳ٵţ֧Ų˶ˣǰĻѹȥҲⲻˣһʱ뵽һֵУȫޡ
ģɿڣٲɿڣɾˣ˵žһ޳ʶĿаһֿ
Ҳû뵽޳ڻͻȻһŻ棬ǻɢǿƣһӽĵһ㣬˫ĿһĶɫĻ棬һһٵ˵֣Ȼʮʷ
ˢһɹǺö޳ѾŹŻҲԲŹԺ޳ĶȫҪˡ
汻ɢһĹâŵɪһ£ﰵ̾ȻˣôûˣӶһȦ
漴ͱһǿƣ˵峤ҷȰ㻹ǲҪϾɱҵ˳ŵὫǣһһҪƣҲǺǵģ
֮Իô˵֪޳ĵƣʶеһʯϷƿҪǰҪǿ࣬ʯ׵еǾŮʬһڹƾܹƬռ𶯣ο׺ҲۿţԲῴ޳ġ
ȴ֪һУʱֻһ뷨ǾҪ޳˵ҪΣҾʮǰǰһΪУôֻܷ㵽ףȵĶԲȾָҪ޳
˵ţˢһͳһ˲䣬һǿѪɫâĳ¡¡Уƾնһӵĵ
һ˿¿ˣû뵽ĵǿ󣬾ȻͳһɲЩһԱģֻж쾳߲ܹ߶ģ֮ߣ֪
𵤶Ÿһ֣ܵնȼһĺĺڵĻⵤɢͬߵһԾš
ǿĻԴܣ˫һ𺳲ѣĺڵĻɢȻҪıԴ֮Ҫǿϼ⣬ͼ¡
ǰԼһһ㣬ѹԵֿ޳˵ӦþҪѰҵһԴ֮
޳һԪ˵ıԴ֮𣿹Ȼǳǿһ˿⣬֮ǰԪѰұԴ֮Ѽʱдá
ԼľãʱЩԪо޴İԪҪģ޳뷽跨İ쵽Ȼִƣô޳Ҳ͹˲ϵʵˡ
ôҵҪ㵽жٵͣĿ޳Ĺ̵˵
޳ȴûֱӳȥϸ̽ɢЩźĿǰѹܹȥõԺѰ취
ûдŹԼ˼޳ˢתͷķȥڲӻʲô
ߣָһһžһע뵽УɲǼ䵤һ漴źɫĻˢһ±һϸ˿һĹ߽׷޳
ǰ޳ˢһ½˻ԼʶŻ˵ʶĽҡ
֪ģƴҲ㻤סᶨ˵ǻ˵ͬмۺ죬Էǿ󣬶ʱĵ׵ս⣬ǻᱻԷģҲԲЭ
ǼɫĻ˿һӾ׷޳Ľʶǰˣ޳ͺһֱӱѹƵĴӰյеȥ
顪޳ʶУ̫ƴôŶģҪ˿ʶڣЩɫĻȥ
ȥǵ̫ˣ֧Ų˶ãһͻȻһ취Լ˼£һ˿ɫؽǵʶС
ʲôλŸһʶУͱǿĴ߶ŵһ˿ϲͻƽȥˣܹо޳ʶдɫһӾȼǵصĳ޳ʶӹȥ
۵һ̫״ûصôϣڳŲסһ߿һ߿һȳһӾͬˮһ㣬޴кˢһ°סֵĻ档
޳͵һ˫ĿѣӶѳۿЩһҲкǿϮֱӽűˣѾ˲ܣеȫע뵽ʶУεػסʶ
̫ڽ³һЩֹͣ˹һ߽ע޳ڣһ۴ޣǾ֪۸ңΪʲôҲգң
һѾ뵽޳ڣ˳ȥﻹĻ
Ȼƭң
һ޳ɢǿʱô֪޳ǰֻǽڣ뽫Ƕѡ
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ӣʱҲֿ˶һǳױǾҲ߲ˣವһ뵽ʶУ޳˵
޳ͷٵĳǰȥԭΪҪǻһĽ޳û뵽ǣ屻ʱ򣬾Ȼͬˮһವһ¾ײ˹ȥϷһ˿С


1626 ·
ô£
Ĵԭأû޳ȻֱӴ͸ǵĻ󣬾ʧˣعʱ޳Ѿ֪ȥļλ׷㶵ĿţãȻʵ峤ʲôˣ
Ļع񣬽ǰ齲һ飬޲󾪡
Сӵʲôˣôܱǿ⻤峤㶼޷ɵش͸ôܹ׵ľ뿪أ
ҡͷɫõ˵ҲһйŹ֣ϵǿҲͻƻ󣬶ˣпܾѪ֮Եʣǰһ̱Ѫ֮ţûѪ֮뿪ˣҧгݡ
ǿô죿ǻҪ׷𣿡λʵ
һĬĬţìܼˣ뽫׷޳ĳ£ֻиȫ֮ߣܹһᣬ֪޳ǰһоԲǹģĸڱŭѹȥκεĽ͡
˵ȻҪ׷ĶԲƽ޹ʵĴߣǽϣȥ
˵ವһʧԭأλ峤ɫҲܲÿ߷ߵתȥջѾ޳˸ǧ飬Ҫʮ˴һ顣
޳뿪֮󣬱ֱ׷Ѱ׺Ϣȥ׺ǺԶʱϢȶһӦǵĳط޳ܿҵ
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޳Ц˵ƾʲôҪ㣿Ǹ͹
¸һ£͸һ˿ӣЦţΪһްյһûоԵİգһǰ
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޳ûж֣ڰй۲ΪǰԪǲ򲻵ѣҪͻҪȻһսʱƶռ飬ûһԪˡ
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ЦòһⲻǿͻƣԭǿֻǽЩѶѣͶüһϾô츳׿ȻУԸ˳ңҿ㷢Ӧеá
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ôǺ𣿡治ͷʵ
㡪޳ؿһһٵ˵Σ
һ䣬굱еĻâһεѹҪ޳һôʱɢȻǰܵɢĲ£Ѿͻ˶쾳硣
ǵδǣ׺ͻȻ֣Ӱžһºᵵǰñײһܵ
УȥƬռġ޳д׺ڲܹսҪȻɾ޴ѡ
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ü״ߵôҪøͬסǻ۵úܣҸǱ׷ˡ
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󷨾֮֮ǼƺͷƵ۷֮һγɣͻɿ˵͵ķϣ㱬жôǿԽսҪ߳һľ磬Ҳ˵ڵʵôﵽ磬Ʋſ󷨡
ˣǿӰɣսɱ굱УʱΡΡ˵
죡Ҫǿ˵
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֪ԸԼǿǰĳɾͣҪԼͻƣҪȻǰ֮ʱҲԼ
Ϊ˱ս㽫Լѧȫ˵˳
֪ͻƿܵսʱͻƣԭȷʵѾͻˣֻû뵽޳ǾȻǿ󷨣ܹȡѾǳޣȥҪ˵Ƭռ飬սҲҷ
Ҳʲô취ҼȡǱסʱ˭ܲˣ˵
ͬʱֳ޳ǣ֪ΪѪ֮𣿡
޳һ߰׺һɢԿţûлش
Ҳ⣬ԹԵ˵ҪѪ֮Ϊ˻ȣǲ֪ɣԶŵЩν񣬲ûгڵȴŸգ֪һı޴ı


1627 Ĭ
ĸգ
ԶļǰõĴ󺰶ʱסˣ϶ֳһ˿ţ漴˷ܡ
峤˵Ǵ˵ǲģȻΪֻҲ֪飡ϼʵ
ĵɫȵܵѾƽüһ˵˵ãп͵ܣ˵ϾֻǴ˵ȻİȵԸ£ȴǳȷ飬ǶȵһԸѡ
ڱѪҺеѪ֮ȵԸʮˣһֱִʱƣѪ̺Ѫ֮ԽԽϡ٣һ˵ѾǳϡгһţѾȥǵѪҺе׻ûѪ
ҾûǺпܵģϾүװ׵ذ̺Ѫ֮
Ҹ߹鶼ᣡϻδ˵꣬ͱϣɫЩؿ˼λһֽۣĿתǰŵˡ
õѾ׺߶󷨸סȻ󷨻δ׵ɣɢѾľñס͸һ˿ǡ
ѵ֪һеԴͷ޳㲻һֱ֪ΪԼᱻǣһϵе鵱𣿻㣬׺㲻һֱһļ𣿽ˣǺúõ̸һ̸һе顣þջһһ㣬˵
شֻ׺ҹ̼һ޴ķĴ׺Ŀһһ㣬ֱֱá
һСľͱ˸ţ͵زһ£ܵ˲Сĳ㽫ľ֮ڵս˳
ˣǿ뿪ɣ֪һ취Ѹٵ뿪սŵ˵ôȥпܻܹȫԼһܵģս֪ٲ뿪ԼҪĹˣΪʱҪ΢
սаûڣԼΪһʱвǲõİ취ҲͲˡ
ʱսòԼʣͨõϵЩ괫ãұ뾭սܹЩתܹͻƵǼΪģûãսѾһҪ֧Ųȥӡ
Ļͼȥ飬Ѿ֪νͻƣԶܵѾ⣬ֻեһ˿ﾡöѡ
սȻҲ֪뷨ıҧƴһ˿ţҲϣ
׺߶󷨹ԽԽңһǴҪѹúսѹ͸
ˣ֧Ųסˡս˵
˵ŲȥԼѡɣ㲻ٹרĶԸ׺޳
ֲ󷨵İ޳ѹټɢҲӵǿһһأֱӷõ·
޳Ĳ֪𣿡üջΨһ롣
޳˵Ҫ֪ĴһԼȥѰ
һ˵ԼȥѰȵλѵȵ𣿱ˣڻǸĿռ䵱УֻҪǿռһжͻٲʱҪȥʱѰ𣿡
޳һȴûбֳȷʵģǼʹˣҲħס
ռһ޳˫һüˢһһ貵Ľ⣬ͬһһֱãˢһ½ǰһխյͨܵĿȼ⽣һŻ棬Բɵֱֵ֮õꡣ
ģû뵽޳ȻĲ˼ѣ±㼱æض·ѾһͱײǼѹ󷨵С
ƣ֮£ֻܹӲһֲּٶȼٱǣ˲ϳһСɽһ㣬ˢһ±ƣƶ˵Ĺ⽣סȻˡ
ս
ǣս˷ܵس˹Ȼ⽣Ʒǳǿ󣬵ѹ֮£ڿɳܷΧ֮ڣ⽣̺ǿڴʱս˵һĲƷѵΣգƴĽ
ǡ޳һһٵ˻ĹȻԷˣתԣõʵѾﵽ˶쾳磬ﾳ߶μʹһǿ࣬ҲɲõĶ֣ûоԵѹƣȥĹпܱԷá
Ȼúܿͱһƣ͸ŵ޳ռһɢġ
þȻֱӽսӶ˹ʱƱȸղۺ࣬Ȼûٴͻƣȴӡ
վС㣬⿴ȥͨͨһȻ̺ǿò֪ڳĵĿ佱޳
޳ޱĿʱֹͣ˹Ե֮£ѰҪܹ׵Ŀסأ
׺ѹķΧѾԽԽС͸ѹҲԽԽˣǣõҲСΪĲϲûгƣ״̬ôȥ޳ǷǳĲ׺ڴҲ޵ģο׺ûжǼŻ˵Щ
޳֪Ϊβû˵׺Լ뷨ʱҲȥȥһҵͻƵĻᣬͺױߡ
޳𣿸ҸЩԭڽûǲĵʵ
ˡ޳˵
ûȫѵĲ֪Ҹ㣬ǾߣôĲ֪𣿡öһʾ䣬ջš
޳Ϊʹв׳ԾҪźȴκηӦһľͷһ㴣ϸع۲õľٶѰͻƿڡ
üЩˣΪʱѾо󷨴ԽԽǿѹٺȥҪˡ
ģӿٶȣôߴս
ˣܵѾҪˣڱ󷨿סѹ޷ȥոǻ߰ɣսҪˣھҵĲϢ׵ĽסԼĻ
÷ŭΪǿͻƣǶܵˣҲָоˡ
û֮Ѿ˶ΣȻÿһλָٶȶǳĿ죬ָо˭鼸ΣǳĿ־塣
ǿô죿󷨵ԽԽǿˣ޳ûֱɱ֣Ǻпܻġ
𣡡һȣֶ˵һۣ˭ãǼֲļ䣬õͻȻһǿƣֱֱس޳˹ȥȻִԲôҾȴ֣Ҫ±ôҲøԲصĴۣ
ȣ޳һȣתȻеѸٵںϣһ׵Ÿһ֣ͱĥˣžһƬһ˲ʧ
޳һ⣬һ͸оԴһǿ׺һƵĺ󱳡


1628 
޳ƺһ漴˫оͱһǿҵĽ⣬һǿƴ籡ͬһŭһƳ죬һ³ȥ
׺һ£һ˿ɻ󣬸ղžһ̣޳һ֣ȴû뵽ǿҵĹڽ޳ʱǱɱһ㣬һּ˿ֲƴ޳ɢ
ⲻܣʹش󺰣ŵĿǰһĻ̺˾ųĹȻ׵ص
޳ʵ÷ߺ޵˵漴ַԼ뷨ղŵƵвȫ޳Ϣûղſ׺Ҳˣ漴͸ˣ׺֣ҲӴ˿׺ɢƵо׺ǿҲһ֧һ߻߷ĳ쾳
⵽ôһ£һ˿ңҲȥԼĹˣ׺޳ٴ֣пܻ
ȿӰɣսʱȰҪ֧ŲסˣʱϢѾǳ΢ЩҲѾ͵͵ԼѾûжȥõġ
ߣһ¶ģʼٵѰͻƿ󷨣İʮ֮ǰǱо֪ͻ󷨵Ҳ֪
ɿسǰȥǸţĵط󷨵ŲֹһһȻ۸ǸŵĻ󣬵ҲΣգԴʱûбѡֻһȥ
޳Ķ˼Ӹղӿ𺳵ջٵ׷˹ȥ
Ҫ룡Ƶ˵漴굱ԷһĺڵĹâɢһơ
׺˫һַɿǰץסһץס޳˻һ̣ԭվĵطͻȻըֱӽٳһնʱˢһӿֳܵһж
޳ľѣǸղ׺ûнǴʱѾʱ𣬶óᣬֱӳţ˳ȥ
޳׷׺һռһ˵׷ˡ
ǰ˱Դ֮ʱӦ÷ǳ޳ĵ˵ǲӦ÷ŹܹץסõĻᡣ
׺ȴͻȻζ£ɫ৵һ²Ұ޳һסʵôˡ
׺ûлش𣬽󷨳׵ؿǰߵķ˵򡣡
Ϣһ¡޳ʱֻ׺壬Ե÷ǳȻǰ߶ĵ̫ˡ
׺ҡҡͷ̧ǰȥδеϢ
վסͻȻ𼸵ǳû˳
ʱ׺ӷǳǵĺûᡣ
ףôԳ֮ΣҲһǰԡ
һ˿ԥȷʵӢΪ޳ʵ£ټ׺أˣǲ̫ܣֻץסֻᣬ־Щݡ
̧ͷȻײ׺У̲סĶһ¡
ӵĿ⺮䣬ſһ۾Ǳһ̹ǵ䣬ֱĹ裬ֱ꣬Ҳս
峤λϾĵĲԾǵʵ
ľǱ˶ԭһ㣬ɲĿ׺˿ʲôֻΪڿǰˣԼǳסˡ
깥ӵ깥Ҫ˶Ҫǿ
׺ؿһĬĬջĿ⣬Ȼתʲôûһƽسǰȥ޳״ҲȥȴֹҪ׷ȥˣ˵׷ˣǲĶ֡
ǰԶȥˣλϲĵʵô죬ѵĿı𣿡
һλϳԾغǿ쿴Ǻȥˣ
ĵɫǳѿ˵ǰֻѾûˣӦȥ׷
ǿô죿ĽأǶܹ̤㣬ôü˽ȥЩż˵
һݹ⣬ȭͷݺݵ˵ȻˣǾͱˣȥ֮󡣡
㲻һ˵Ҫֲֹ̫֮ˣһ˶ᱻ
λҲЩԥ˵᲻̫ΣˣһҲܵٻĻԺȥڣ
˵ΪǵĽôǿҪĻҪֻ֮ǻὫȫ𣬲ˡ
żУĿ֮޳Զˣתһӣ˵һǺܿͳأϾǳĿֲһסͻ֮Ҫǳʱǿܹͱ⣬ϾеҲǳϡȱ
㲻˵ˣΪѶȥ׼ɣǾԲôͳġ
壬һֻ峤֪ܣ˲ȴǳԣ϶޳һȥԲ׵ĳ㹻ʱ֮
˵ףżض½תˣþȥ֪ͨ磬ҲֻýĻˣ޳Ǻѣһ޳ġ
һߣ޳׷һ޴ɽ壬ǰƣһɾһ㣬ѹֳﵱ֡
һǰɢһǿƣ͸һ˿أһ㣬ʱѾѰҲõӰѾˡ
Ҫȥ޳ЩǵĿ׺һۣʱǳĲãϢ˼㣬޳ţѾ̱ڵϣ׺֪ΪΣҧϾ͵صϢ
ȥ׺ֻ³֣㲻춯޳ͷڿǰѩɽȥǣǵӲŸ̤յУǰǻһ´һŻһ㣬һˢһ°סǣɿؽ˽ȥ޳δüѾء
޳ĵһӦûиоκΣգǹӦֻǽǴͽû˺ǣǰȴ𾪲ѣһ㱡ﻨ㣬ɽˮһƬͣһɾһ
֣޳ֻһ׺˶׹ȥһסɿؽ䵽档
׺Ѿ뵽˰״̬ʱ΢΢ۣ˵Լġþһ˿ʩչ˲ʧԭء
Ҳ֪һʲôʱָܹ޳Щǣδ׺Ҳ֪׷ʲô顣
ˣֻĹȣƬ̺ǶҪһȥҺʵĵطˡ
޳һ㶣ʱŸо֮ܵȷʵ˵̺һɷǳֵûƽʱԪңǡᴿ֮Ԫأ
ǡ޳׾ˣƬռһӴޱȵ̽ȥ־Ȼ޷̽ѰʵΧǿԿƬںϵķǳĴ׵У
ûһģһģ
ôܣ޳԰ֻȫû뵽ϾȻһĴ


1629 ճ
ϤϢϤϤһжһƷһ޳ͻȻЩã֪˻þǰȫǴѣʵ磬֮˼һӾˡ
Ǹš޳Լ侲ٵؽǰһ飬һҲʩչͬһڷʩչеĲȫһⲻΪԪ֮ɣǵıԴϢһĶѡ
ԴϢ޳ͻȻһͷıԴӦöһģǹ׶йܹ֮ͬЩԴȫͨ
޳ͻȻһɺ׳־˶뷨ܹĻ˵ʱЩԴ֮Ӫһ鲼Ԫ½ֻҪ㹻
ͻȻ𵱳ʱоǳѣǳؿʼұ仯ѣʱ׺ʩչǸǲǾĳϵһסƬԪ½
ܹĻ޳ǿһ˿ϣܲѣȲĻȥϢԪ飬Ǽһһǳġ
ҪܹӪһĻôǾͿֵܹסԽԽǾͿȡʱҵӦԵĴʩ
Сģ޳Լ˼УͻȻĺҺû沢ûлص޳ʶн޳ʶŻ˲ŵһʱ쵽Σա
ֻǰһҵͬһһžһ¾Ͳ޳ĸ첲ֱֱǰУ޳һٵȥӶȴǴյһһǿţȴϮˡ
ÿһȥǴ޻֮ϣһ㷴ܿͱһƬƵɽȵУɽ¶һĻ䣬ɫǳޣÿһ仨һһСɢ˵ķ㣬ζҪеĸо
޳סʶԼ־ԵѣؿǰһУǵ֮󣬱ܿʧܵϢֱһ˿Σգ޳ϸĹ۲һ£Ƭռ䵱гɽ´ĳĻ֮⣬ֻʣһЩСݺ͵ͰĹľԡ
ǰȻȥɡ޳Ż˵ľδصʶл㰲ȫһЩ
Ҳûзԣ˵һ䡰СġתʶУһȥ۵Ŀ޺ЩЩң̫̫ˣȻһС
һ˵㻹СڵƱκһ󣬾Ȼϣ
Ť֧һ˵ǰûʶԲҲѼģ֪ϵϼһǱֱС׼ףǲ۸СӣȥЦģ
ЦǺǵʵȻأ۸㣿
һ£˵ȻǽҵĶңǲܹӲŵģߣΪҲ֪ΪʲôôżЩңͱȼչˣھȻҪҪҪ
ҪҡͷϻϵļһСӵ˼ά黹ͷۣļ˵ٶҲûãܹȥ̫㣬ң
̫Ƣƺ̫ãǱǷˣֱӺ¡һȻǳֱֱ֮سŶ׷˹ȥ
ҪʲôŵӴѾԹ˿ͷˣðļһ湻Ҫġ
淢һУ޳ˣʱǰһƬִ֮Ǹط͸һɱطҪǿҲǳŨ˹˵ⷭţȪˮһ㡣
޳鲻ԽǰȥоһٻһԽ￿ĸоԽ嶼ڽһϴЩմȾľѪҺеҲȥоԽԽᣬԽԽˬ
߽ŷһ޴ʯЩǴʯɢġ
޳ûȥãֻվڲԶĹ۲ţǿʯȴɢԽԽǿҵϢٻȥ޳ȻҲеҪȴǳѡеҪȥһΣ޳δǰһǸоҪ뿪ǿ龧ʯɢϢԽԽŨˣ޳ת뿪ʱ򣬴⾧ʯͻȻһͽ
޳ӶʱԭأԼĶ䣬ڽ⾹Ȼǰ
֪ʲôǿ龧ʯһЦ̳ҵţȻǰѵһʦԸ𣿡
޳תͷǿ龧ʯķֱֱعȥ˵ͽܲң
ǰǼ٣޳յô͵ʦǰһ޳ȻÿζµЩĥǶĸм֮޷ֵλʦȻδ棬ȴ޴İ
СӻеģҲôáյ͸һ˿οƺ޳յı֡
޳ɫһ࣬Ļش𣺡޳δߵлʦڴˣͽʦͷ
޳˵ڵصؿͷ޳첻أֻĸͶʦ
ˣɣһЩȲ̽һΪˣŵͽܣԲôﲻҵҪΪʦɲ㡣޳վǰ˼վھʯǰ
ǰǼ٣޳ԲԸһʦĻᣬվԭأûסԼɶԷ
Ҳûг˺ƺǸϲ׽Ū˵ĹͷͻȻתˣֻһӾʯɢذס޳һһ޳壬ľãŴҪһЩĲ
޳˿ԼûдﵽʦҪ󣬱УֱӶʲôĪĿռ䵱С
ôֲ𣿡ʼ棬ƿ¯࣬˿׾ٵز׽޳ÿһͷʱ쵽룬εЦʵ
޳Ȼ˼±ӣҺ˼룬ǰʲôʵʲô̬趨£ɲ롪ʲô룬Լſա
ʶҿˡͻȻ޳˵޳һ㶣ЩԥϾʶͬСɣ滹ôܣʦҲ׵ĸ֪Ͼû֤ʵǰ׵Ǽ١
վ뷨ҲûйΪЦ˵־ԻǿȡģΪʦֻ뿴һŷչѣҲ֪ɳôˡ
޳һ㶣æʵŻɳ𣿡
յ͸һ˿ӵ˵ôദôʱ䣬ȻûϰԣҸղſˡ
޳Щ˼ǰһСͽܶѣʦ̫ǿŵͽҲѽûһһʧ޳Ҳֻܹסֵʱѣ⻹ÿʶеĳͽɫ̫ûǻƲס
ʶ𣿡վȡ޳˼άеƬξȵʵ޳ûͷֻǲδʶŻﻹȵˣֻǿ޴ľʯдܳһŨವһ¾ͳ޳ʶ˹ȥ
˵ҵҪʲôʶΪȻҵŶѹȥ


1630 ֮
ʦ޳ʱʹ಻յƺǿʶֱײѡ
ô£ʦΪʲôͻȻ㣿żʵ洫ǳǿѾҪͻƽˣҲֹͣ˳֣ವһ뵽һƬԵװ̫ǻص˳֮ϣע
޳Ѿشȫţܹ걬ը
˵Сʲôȥ˵ģε˵ѵһ˺㲻ɣ
ǱܷӦ޳ѵ˵Ѿҵͽܣʦ͸һͷţһ㲻ϵسײʶʶڱܵķ֡
޳ԼѾ˲֪ٱˣָоĴݻٻҪֲ֪ȴͻȻЦ˵Ҳã͵Ǵ֮ˣȻһߣҲΪŵĹϵ㱾֮ʵǳóô˻ᴸһ
޳뱬ڴ֣Ѿûش𣬿ҲûоȥشǾ޴״̬оҪʶгÿһ˿ڲҪӴܣ޳һ˵ûȻѲˣǾ͵һִ
ҧϵؽѹţֳֿЦ˵Ȼҵͽܣ治ôҾͲˣ
ֻһͻȻӴ˹ƣ޳۵һھһѪֱӽǰƬضȾȾѪ죬ȥޱȡ
ոȥʦȷĳˣ涼ˣδ˱̬ʦ
ǰҸطɡ޳ƴһ˿뵽ʶУŻ˵ǳˣӴĴҲ٣Ѿǳ˽⣬ˣ󶼻ᱻһ١
ȥô˵һٵʶѰܹصĵطδʶ洫һ޴ʮ֮ǰĻ֣㾹ȻϵңдȻҲϵմүҲ㣡
˵ײĸ޳ֻоԼʶҵ𵴣Ѿȫܹˣ֮һܹʹĴ϶ΪʹĹʼرΣƺҪһţֵܹסǲֵʹ
ͽܣɵüסһʶŪˣͻʧʧеŬ׷ѣеŬ׷ѣҪЩ˺£ͻ᳹׵Ļ𡣡յﾹȻ͸һ˿ֻʱֻһ״̬״̬ǰ޳һȥȭΪϲʦҧгݡ
Ȼ˼ЩעٿСҲ㣡ɫһ˵
Ϊϲ𡣡ڻеĶֹһ
ѽȻЩöյѾ뵽޳ʶУԼʹ˿ûĽʶܹ̽Ѱһͱˣ˷ܵ˵
漴Щϧ˵Ǹ̫Сˣ֪ʲôʱܹ죬ûõĶ
ʲô㾹Ȼ˵ûãŲһڽˣһϼһڮԼضˣͨһӻд˳ֱֱĳ嵽ʶſڡ
ҪֹѾһͷ˳ñڳڵմ˸ţûһסĳʶС
׳աѸٵϢһݴŲҪϼһҵ
һ뵽޳ʶоͳױ龰סˣﻹпȥǵ鷳ֵĽԱһӣȻ޳ʶȥ૵ţ⣬ͽܣѡûô֪ҵͽܣƻĴӷĹɡ
һУյӻظֳһ׷ԲԵһķʽ޳ʶУ͸һ˿⣬ҵؿǰһС
ﻨ㣬ɽˮ㣬һѾӪ൱ˣڳŨ֮ϢķܣӪƬҪ࣬һ磬ֻƬ޳ʶУܹȥԣƲһʵ硣
ǿһ˿ϣյ͸һ˿ʹ࣬һ˿ϣ뵽˻䵱У૵˵Ҳҵֵõģ޳ҪȴĻҪŬ
޳һ⻰ʲô˼ѵѾ֪ᷢ𣿿ŸҪʣʶͻ죬ǿԭȰڳ統е̫ͻȻ䱬ҫ۵Ľ⣬ͬһأһһҵץסգһӽ˳ȫûע⵽һУ͵Ϯ˸ţವһ¾ͱӳʶ
󾪲ѣǰʵղʲôô˿ֲ
޳ȵʵʦû𣿡
Ư޳ǰĿһ䣬ʵʲôʶлĴ𣿡
޳һ㶣֪νͣյķӦѵûʶеĽɫ̫
޳һɾ֪׸òøʵʦǲ֪ҵʶӣ
ҡҡͷ˵ǵϵУΪʶ仯ҪҪ࣬ҵԭΪڵģԾʲôӣҲǺȷ
Ԫڴˣһ󳳴Ūôһǿ˷ָĹȻ֪еĹܣϼһרų׽Ū˵
޳ʵ
ɫһæʵʶǲǳʲôֵĶ
޳ͷ˵Ҳ֪ǺǻǵĿǰΪֹû˺ҡ
ͻȻʵǲڼ
޳ͷ
ģһ˵ȫˣסҪȥ꣬ȥЩĪĶҪ֪ȵֻԼȥһУñ˿㡣
޳һͻȻֻȻʵĸоصصͷ˵ͽˡ
׾ͺãΪʦѾٽȥ㵱ĵ㣬ҲãʦҲãܹţΪǱϾѾʧĴУеûбֽ˭֪һҪԼжϣסһֻ̣Լ
˵ʱ͸һ˿룬һ޾ıɢǻᴫȾһҲ޳
Ǻܿվͻָ޵һĴ޳Ķ˵һжˣΪʦҪúãмǣҲǳΣգоԵ־ܹȥλѣǼסҪʵΪʦͬ㽫˶ΪпܻẦ
ˡ޳һͷЩȫ֪׺ղųֵ״̬Ϊ˵ԵʻΪǰ̫࣬յǸһѣ׺Ҳ已̥Ҳĳ̶ֳϻû޳ôǿӿ룬пʦ˵ѡ
ˣﻹŵһЩУץʱհɡ˵һЩವһ»صǿ龧ʯУǿа˶ߵľʯͻȻӵڿն𣬻޳ϣڵȴ
յ͸һ˿أ˵ͽܣѾʱһҪסΪʦ仰²Ϊأ


1631 
²һʯͷصѹͷһ޳һԵĺ飬ͬʱɻҲԽԽһеô£ΪһֱһֵеĴ
ʯѾ˱仯һһŵӾʯɢʯ黯ջصʯֱ֮ӽʯеȡ˳޳գЩŸһӴ壬޳͸оһУ̹ƺÿһë׶Ҫ
Щӿ룬һһӡˢˢˢس޳ڣͣ˫ȭһƴؽЩӡѹڣǺֱײ
ЩŵĴУһǰѾӴģһȫȻİģ̺׵˼͸Щһʱأ˭ŶΪ֮
޳һƽԴһգһѹƣôһӲȫӲֻʶгأ޳ҲֱӽЩдʶС
ǡЩ޳תһЩʱ޳ʶзһûžȻͻȻʶһسʶƶ
޳һϲžȻ˼룬²ԶĹЩаɣ
Ȼžһһ㣬Żڣڶµʵʵ޳һЩŻڣֻ˻һЩҵ֯һ㣬ɿسӿȥһͱյĸɸɾ
˷С
޳±㲻й˼ȫЩгŸȥŰأһ˿һûн뵽ʶ棬ͶĴӽܳԭ뿴֣һ޵ĹڳڣһжڵʵʵѹʲôһûȤתͷȥæԼġ
ģô׷ҲţΣѱǸ̫˶ڵЩѪ֮¾׷ôҪȫ³
ô׷ҲţΪСүҲƢҸ㣬ҪҿɾͲˣһٹǺϴֵüɹ
޳һĽЩ뵽ŵУԼȥ֣֪ʶеʲôֻܰй۲ţǲδκ˺
ܴеʱ򣬲ԶһӰӰİĺڹ͸ɢһ˵ϢϢŸһ֣Ǳѹһ㣬֮ʧӰ٣ӰȻڣڶ޳߿һ
ҲµûȻöڰĿ޳͸һ˿Թ޲ֱǰ޳ɱˡ
ǰ뵽֮󣬱ֱҸطй۲޳ǵľٶ֪򲢲򵥣˾Ĳùģȴʮ꣬¾Ϊһ̰ɡ
ǿĹ裬ıôãƫ⣡غţעһУ޳Ѿ˹ؼʱ̣ЩԴԴϵӿڡ
ͻȻЦգΪõıԼһףһжȻ
˵ţͻȻâһһİڹǧϸһˢһ·ɢ뵽ܵյУһԭĿռ΢΢һ˿ϸ죬ϸԲ֣ᷢȷʵڣҴһ޿ɵֵƳӣǵһ㣬ϵɢ޷ֵ
ȵ޳ԾʱܵĲѾЩԣһˢһۣȻѸٵسɢȥѾΣһ԰ȫĵطۿһС
޳úõҸɣǧʧ˵ں޲޳ȥ
Ҫˣ޳ƣ̺ŨԭҲǳȶôͻȻ˾޴ĲⲨӵķΧǳĹ㣬ڲ񶯡
ڣմУؼʱѹܹȥԿЩ𶯣Ϊ֮ʣǰͻȻ˱仯ֻԭɽȵͻȻ֮ҲŤģʲô֡
޳һָоԽʱһѵ˵
ʱ޳֪ø˺ãǸõǣǰһգһյ͸оޱϤʱϢ
ﾹȻ޳û뵽ͻȻʱδüӦͱһǿסһӽץ뵽ʱУʱһ̣һץץסǿű˴뻹ʣСʯæֻü뵽ӾѾʱû
Ͷ뵽ʱУֱƽ޳֪һУ˿ǰֵ龰һǣΪν췢Ŀռ䲨ȻǳԣǱȽĲԲʱôô£
ǰչֵЩ棬ȴеڸ޳һʱڷɿĵʱĺС
ӴĻ棬ǰѾӴһġǵǵѷ쵱ġһǧ֮ǰˣͻȻ񻯵滷Գһ֣֮һһεĳǰһּĻ޳Ȼܹܵ浱дıͽţһжڻطһ㣬һĻһĻĳʶС
ֻٻصһ֮ǰ֮ڲϵˣ޳һһλʮ֮ǰ
Ӽǣһһֱǰ;һֱл֣ǿһԪʢ˥ʷһ
ĿݽߣȱǵĽֿЩӢۺܣǿߴþһа취ֹʧʱĵˣ޳ܹоԪ½̺ԽԽǿоЩϢҲԽԽǿԪ˵ûǰ˶ǳĿֲ
һеıԴص̺Խ࣬Խף޳ֻоԼÿһë׶źǿõͻƣָоκһζûã쵽ġ
Ȼ֮޳һӴ඼ڱŨ֮־ŨǵһνӴڼһ֮޳ŷЩνѹͲֵһᣬǿ
һɾһӾ˹ôŨѵ
޳ٵĲ鿴ܣһƬɽȵУľ쳣ïÿһζÿһ磬̺żµѵѾʮǿˣ᲻ῴ쳣仯̽һоô£
ţǰͻȻһʲôھҵĳײռ䣬޳һһ̾ͷԼȻ͸ʱⷽռ䵱С
ûԥѸٵĳ𶯴ķȥǧٱչ˼£һӰڿзɿطɳۡ
Ǹǡ¹ŵأ޳ӿһǿҵļ¶һǲˣ
ţǰִһҵһӴ͸ܵĿռ䶼ٵرһ¡
ȵ޳ʱѾǳǿң޳òʩչܹ룬һŷ֣ûӴսģֻΧǿ
ܹúֻܹܽԶ鿴һ͵ԭء


1632 ֮ս
¹ŵһһֱ޳ɻսһһֻԳھҵսʱսѾ˽״̬쳣š
һ޳ǻ꾵мһսûпǰ򣬵ǴʱֻǿޱȵľԳ¹ŵصս
ɫվԳͬһСɽһ㴣һĶվ֮ҪСĺɫԳǺɫɢȴСڽվԳҵĹ֮£Ӧ硣
ʱ޳һԹһ㣬ǵս޳벻ȥҲܲǵ뷨ֻԱһһ͸ƣǵ˭ȴԼѹ޷ڣһһ㣬ʶѣȴɼ
飡ֻɫԳͻȻڿն𣬳ŽվԳĳƣÿһӡж̺һſֲ޳ĴľȻȫŨԪ֮ȻֱܹԪ֮
վԳҲʾͬӰػһһĳһޱȵһ㣬ɫӡȫͬԪع޳Ϊﵽĳһ̶֮һֻʣһִĻػлڶȫȥֻʣԭʼĻػѡ
λǿߵĹȴֱ޳ҪȴѹܹŸһоٶǱһǿԭһʧȥĿơ
ʱλǿսĵط¹ŵصеһƬɽȣһ統޳޳֪ͨͨȥᷢʲôҪȥѽվԳȴΪֻܽĿһĻ
һ쳣ɫԳش·磬ǱվԳԽսԽͣǲݽһ㣬һһӰһαһɫԳг·סۼžҪƷȴɫԳͻȻ伱ٵС
Ҫģˣ޳ȭͷȻֲҿȥĳ嶯۾ȴķǳĴ󣬺޲ýӴۿ
ɫԳ仯ķǳ죬ת˲֮ͻһģ޳ϴһʯɵߣ͸һ˿⣬·ųЦһ㡣
վԳûΪģֹֻ̧֣ͣ۳һǿһſˣӰͬһХһҪŻûģĺɫԳѹȴɫԳͻȻץסϵʯߣһӾͽ˿
ֻһŵŭ𣬽վԳ͵ͣס˹͸Ųţ漴Ǽµʹࡣ
Ϊʲô㣿ʹʵ
һߴŲмֻǻûģĺɫԳ˵ΪʲôңôϲΣ
Ϊʲô㣡վԳ૵˵仰ǰľС
ǾĵɫͻȻ˹̺˼һ˳žһ¾ͽվԳײ˳ȥֻ¡һվԳɽȣʱɽѣһԨ
޳ĬĬرۣһɼµķŭһ뵱һģһֻڷһиӵѣǺɫԳıԲ͵Ϯɹ˭
𣡡ǰһŭ漴ǱըԨһǿվԳֳ˻ʱˣѪѾ壬ȥǱַŭְˣɶźɫԳٴʵΪʲô㣿
ɫԳм˵ΪʲôңѾ˲𣿺α̬
ֻվԳʹرۣ૵˵ΪβڵһЩʱҲûƫ˭ľҲ
һжǳ𣿵㻹ΪǣΪԼ˭㵱ΪҸ㣬粻ģҲֻһŪ˵Ĵ˵ѣֻǿߣ˭ǿ˭ףģѰɣ
ģ޳Ȼģ
ۣѾȥʹ࣬Ŀ⽥رһ˲˲ضǰһˣ˵־ҲУֻϧһֱִԲ򡣡
ִԲƫģΪʲôѡңҵﲻΪҵıɫǲһ͸ܵŬҪһٱͿңҵ츳ҲĽ̵ֻΪһֱһΪʲôף
һʣɫԳҧгݵشݷＷ͸ŨŨķߺ޺Ͳʡ
ס޳һ̷·Ҫɤһ㣬ζ뵽ǾȻǸӣΪʲôøӷĿɳһ
ĵѾȶƽͬһ㣬Ŀǰʵˣ˵Ҳһλףһλߣҵҵ
ʲôֻǵĽڶѣɫԳŭ˵ֻǺǱŵһĪеаѣ˽Ľ뷨ǿϣΪʲôɫʹаҵŬǿҵֺҲǱ˵ģ
ͻȻ̾˿Щε˵Ѿ취ܹڵаվǱơ
˵һжǷϻǻԣҲһУǵĽڶѣҪңԶʧϣȻˣҾΪǿ
ɫԳ˵ţĿʼٵıǣһǿƴɢ˵㾡ܹ⹥ɱһֱ޲
ģ棡Ҫֵʱ򣬴ǳһŮӣһߺһ߳ǳ
ĵɫ䣬ݷȥ
ģҪɱǵĶӣŮˮûɷĻɳǰ
Ůӵʱ¶һʹı飬ĸף漴ֱŭȫȡҲһǶҪʵģ˵žͳĳ˹ȥ
Ƕס֣ݷʹغûʲôȿԼɷɱʹģһ̣޲ԼȥܹǵĺƽѾҵؽսһɢӴܵĿռ䶼ʼ
ݷܵżغǲٴˣȥر仯ͻ絽ΪԪ˵ģ
ãһɣѾʧȥǣĸ
ѾӿһǣİҲѾϵֻͬɫɫľԳһž޴๥һսչ
޳Ǳԭصһľͷһ㣬Ŀǰı緢λĸԼʧȥǵĶӵһƣڿգʧȥϢ
ĵʹŭߣʱǨٴϮһһÿһαǰӵļҡռԽԽ޳֪ⳡƽٵ׾˶ʱ䣬ֻػ˾ޱ䣬ⳡսĴ߶֮£ٵĶ
ǳս֮ǰ治֪˵ʲôͻȻķ˵ֿ޳Ŀһϣ֮仯÷ǳ죬޳һþסǵҵС
޳ȴǴԭأоԼ궼˳ȥǰһĻһĿУȻһģһ
һβǴĿˣһģһ


1633 ˭
ҵ˭޳ʹסԼͷо궼ҪըˣͻȻ֪Լ˭֪Ϊλʮ֮ǰľԳһģһ
һֱǱ˲ٿеӵָоԽԽǿң޳ҪźҪ˭һеǻ£˭ľ֣˭
ⳡսܾˣĲ֪ȥ汻ҵУ¶ϣ޳ʮ֮һҵֻʣһãõھʮ֮󣬲Ż޳Ƿʱ򣬳ûܣ뿪
ǳЩ޳ʲô֪Ÿһģһ·جһ㣬ԺвϵζԼ
һжģҾԲͽ޳ƴȭͷԼԴҪԼϵظԼһжǻþеĻþҪѹԱȴһԵĶħһ㣬ջ
һжʵģʵɣʮĶħһжɵģΪ㣬Բ緢ⳡƽ٣Ԫˣ
죡޳ݺݵƴԼľȥַֿĿֻţһж߸˼룬һֱŵıȫݻ١
޳оԼҲҪʱͻȻһ˿𶯣յ֣ʶС
ͽܣҸ߹㣬۷ʲôһҪԼ
ԣԼҾңǰΣ޳ֻ޳ѡ޳ϵضԼ˵Ԫ鵱߹һУֻԼ˭ǡ
ܺ˼롣޳һһĸԼƴҪԼס
ڻþ֮⿴޳һ˿СҪĻҪǿΣվɻ׵ı
޳ܣһһ飬ͬһѰѱĵһֱ޳࣬
һɱ߱ĸĹ֣ǲТ֮ͽԪ½ˣк㣬ɱ޹ռ䳹׵Ļ㣬һж㣡
޳ҧݣ԰һƬ亹ֱðŬԼѣԲһУǺɫԳ
ûǱ仯ɵΣ滹вͬģԣǵƲһҲһ޳ȫȫˣȻһǳһ㣬ûκι֮ͬϳһģһ˲ûпܡ޳ϵĸԼһоһı
ߣܳŵʲôʱ򡣡һߣĽӽ޳ʶзĶǰܵһǿ޳յЩѪ֮ӦþͱʶС
Щҵ֪𣿡˵ЩѪҺǾԳһĺģ̺ŨѪ֮ǾԳĺһбþġ
޳˵㲻һƷѣҳһģһҲҵһܣѪ֮ҿһ
룡޳˵ʱǳʹ࣬һҪȶԼһ滹Ҫֿòϴѹ
ʱһľͷԭأþڿ壬ɼȫһ˿ֻֿܱسıȥֿ֧Ų˶á
ͻȻǰĻֿʼ䶯ĵһɱЩҴ߿ʼֿı仯صĺƽٲûֹͣԽԽңռ飬һɲ֪ĿֲϮԪ½ԽԽǰ̣޷⣬ٴγ֣һǿ󷨣ʹ࣬˿ֻţ־ǶҩһӣԪ½һּıС
ͻȻ޳صгһֻ󶦣һһ޳ʶȥѰԪӰȴ֣ûпһ壬ֻԪͬǰԪΪ˿Ƶıһ㣬һһ㶥صĴסܵĿռ
޳˶ʹޣ֪Ϊ˭ˣֹסһͷײԪϣ漴ԽԽǵѪԪϣǵľԪգԽԽԼ룬Ԫ޳ҲһԪϡ
Ϊʲô⵽Ϊʲô޳ҪʹźҪץһ˹һ⵽ΪʲôֻԪµĹâܵƬռ鶼ѹȥǾһһ㣬ƽ޳ǽҲ߶һ͸ɫסԪ½
žʧȥһʬǣ֪˶ſʼգ˺˷·һУԳһҴǴ˲еҪ˾¹ŵأȴǵļ԰Ѿһһģžֻʣҵб档
ǲòѰطɽȵ
һĻش󻷾ȴԲɿƵĶȥ
޳ʹıۣﱻһһʹϮһĻһĻı׳ϵǰŴ󣬾جһ֮ȥ
ⳡʹһиʲôϵֻ˳һģһΪҪЩȫϣ޳ĵһǿĺ⣬ҪһУҪϴԲԸһҪʮ귢һжҪܵӦеĳͷ
ܳͷĲңõٴ޳ΧܳͷӦǣӦգǲ֪ðֻ󶦣ǲһıߣǣغƽپͲᷢ˿죬Ҳҵİ취ǣ߶һУ
죡޳ܲ˵Ĵ󺰡
ıһжǵı÷ŭغڲٴþпԭһоȻΪһֻ޶ĳֲⳡѣһŨŨĺ⣬ֻĳ֣ļƻѾɹˣҲŪ˲˹һжǵı
ŭغһжǼõģĳ֣ȴˣңڵ㲻ҵһܣһὫշ˵ŹЦЦͬһħһ㣬ϵѹ޳
޳ʹĴԼͷԸԼһС
ڣͻȻ˫һԼٶȳ޳ʶȥҪ޳ʶʱ򣬳ʶ
Сģһ쵽洫ľ޴޳޳͵һͻȻѹѾɿعðյʱǳĺãȻҵ˿϶һӾ˽
ѽӣһƼֵ꣬ŵ޳ʶȥץһΣ£ɲһء
ǣý뵽޳ʶУȻûеһʱȥץģǴԭأ˫Ķ޳ʶŵһ̫漴ǵʧķһЦ
û뵽ȻģգôҲû뵽Ӱɣǽ첼ľջǱͻȻֵˣҲ˵Żĳǰȥ
֣ҪȥԼһ㣬Сسǿ̫ȥ
޳ѹżغ֪˵ĵôһ£һͲǺöκѹֿܹδͱɢǿƸˣҴʱ۾ȫľǰ̫ϣûжɱ֣ҪȻѾó
û뵽㾹Ȼߵ̫棬֣سȥ


1634 ŭ
·ڸһ㣬Ѿûһ޵ģֻظ̫̫ȻҲûзҲûκλӦֻǴ
޳ڽ龳ʹ಻ڼسԼ˼ȴԼ̶ͬһ㣬ޱȣѹκεķɼؿʶдĶ
û̫ʶеģһжģʲôΣգҲı䲻ʵ
棬룡޳ҧݷＷһ仰漴ĹһҪٵȥ
𣿡Ц˵ԭҵĶҵϢϧһֱûз֣ǲǸøл㽫
˵ֻظһ̫Ե˵̫ˣĻҪô壬ͿԴһ磬ˣҼǵһӶԺӣ緢ôҵı仯ɿԴ
㲻κλõ޳˵
浹ǸһϢһֱ֪̫ʲôõģû뵽Ȼӣ˵ԺĽĿ̫Ͷ뵽ĵУͻԷɢ֮һĵ֮Ĵ߷ȴм޵ģվݽߣȴᡣ
޳˵֮ǰȵԼûǸֹѾ뵽ʶУﻹʲôܹ赲𣿡˵ţͻȻתŶͥĲķȥ
㲻Ҫ׷ңû㣡ŵ۴УɿӴ
ں׷պƵ˵СһﲻҪ£һúõĶ㣬ԱҪ޳㽫õĿȫ߷
ȴһ˵ƭСˣҪҵ򿪣ȻЩ߰Ķסұһɧ㻹Ҫҵեɣ̫һģҪҵҲһҾԲŵģ
˵ţٵ޳ʶӴԱ߿ĽģȴﲻæֻѱȥǻδӽͻᱻԷɢ
ӵ𣿡ޱȣҲץסڶһ㣬è׽Ϸ⣬Ҳ뿴޳ܹŵʲôزܹһгױ飬ôͿֱӽʶӹܣס꣬׵ıԼĿܣһòô鷳Ҫ̫ȥϾⶫһ޳ʶдôʱ䣬ʱʵΣ沢ܹȷ
ǰĴ̫ȻûеֿԼҲûжԼֳ޴ĻϲӦǳĳֱСΪ
޳㽫ϳȥѽĿ޺ţѾɰ󣬡ˣ㽫ϳȥҲҪԵ
ס޳ѵؼһ䰲οʼƴ𶯣ɱһεţǿĻþУ˱ǻǸ߹ʵɣҪȻҲǿĻþ
޳Ѿǰһжˣʦǰ̽ѰӦþʦǿӪġ
ǵ˵Ϊ˵֣ô˵ĻþҲʦΪ׼õģҲҪ˽ǰ飬Ҳĳ壬һжôҪˣ޳ֻ뾡뿪ȻѲȥǾֻʼƴش߶һҪԼ껽ѣҪŴ߶š
ԲŻ˵ĴƾһаʶκηӦΨһ뵽ľűѹţҪ߶
޳һܹԪ֮ȫ뵽У߶سʶ赲ʶڣ޳׵ľܹӴע뵽ŵʱ޳һϲܵ˴ŵд
޳ԼϵһԵע뵽ŵУػһֶ˳ȫͶ뵽С
עһضľģƺĴţͻȻâһǿƣ׷϶ģͻȻоһǿ͵ͣĿĿ޳ʶŻһҫĹâоһϤϢ
գû뵽ˣôᡣ˵
ԶҵͽѾõҵȫУ㲻Ķ֡յģͬԿռһ㣬д͸Ȼ󣬵ȴ͸һǿˢһ³޳ʶУգ޳·͵һһѹ
ɱ޳͵طһȣ漴ͻȻ侪һ㣬âɣͬҫص̫һ㣬ŵõЩâҫҲü
ǵǵõ˹ͨһǿĹһӴһ³ɢ
ģͻȻ֣ԼĶǰ漴嵱бǿҵİâֿţ޳걬ǿͬʱǵɫ̫Ҳ˹â
ǲûκιڷֹ־ҵת޳ʶ顣
䣡޴ײ޳ʶֱιȥҧӵıѾǧٿףͬһ㣬Ѫⱻɢģֻʣһͷ¶棬ȥֲʶгŵȴҪǿһǧǾҵʹͬԵĴһ㣬ϵ׸־
ס޳ֻʣһҪػˣҪȥҪ޳ܵС˸ϳȥ
¡¡Ǹܵ޳߷˼£ҵһһĹâŵɢͬĲһ㣬ѸٵسӣⲨ۾Ƿޱȵա֮Ȼռ䶼ܹѡ
ⲻܣòŵش󺰣ȻĲ֮¸̫ܲϵˣǰʱܹ̫ܵһϤУڣʲôܲǵ뵽һȫİĿռ䣬ΣϢһӽסĵһɾ⡣
ȥ޳һȣ漴һž޴һŹͬһ˳ȥ
Ҫɳ޳ʶŻһ̣ͻȻŤǿ赲ײϣһ󰧺õƾȻһӾȥһܵ˺
һģ÷ŭضһ䣬ƴԶնȥ޳Ҫ׷ϣȴԼ޷ǰ̫࣬Ҳ޷׷òĿٴܡ
һа޳ʶеϤĶȴİǰɢʱһֱĵһ̫̰š
㵽ʲô޳૵ʵ
ĻȻ̫ĶһͣҲֻһ˲ֿʼ̰Եģ붴й֮޲


1635 ͻ
֮ܣһǣ뿪֮ﻹǷ߷߲ƽղһһȫľ
תͷ߷ߵؿ޳ڵķ񣬺òײ׼ᣬû뵽СӾȻô͵õյȫУУܷȥҪȻʱû˿ѹסһΣУ޳ٶҪĻҪ죬˵һĪв
ˣô죿ʶսǰһֱõֻΪ֮ǰ̫أĴڸжǳû˷һ
ߣһͬԱһ㣬ս˵˵ĿǰԱʲôã
ս仰жʱһǿ鲻ĸæ˵ˣҶ㻹õģܹͻƣõŹң
øղǾʻԣսѾп飬ǶĶڣսֻʣһݣȥΨһϣ
㻹ܹͻ𣿡һһٵʵ͸Ųš
ǻɵսŰ󣬽һ˿𶼸ˣˣһܹģһõİ취
ֻǰԼûסѹȣȻƶ˳ѾͻҪҪ죬ڶ˵սѾûüֵ
ΪҲ֪ʲô𣿡˵ĬĬĻһõͻὫأ˵ûɣ
ûУˣһҪҶҳϡսΡΡؽ
ϧֻ˲Ա˺Ҳȫɢڱ˵ȫġ˵ţ㿪ʼسԼʶжȥ
սֵô󺰣ˣŹҰɣҶĻõģһͻ֮װ취õģһܹĽģ
Ҫˣû֮ˣֻ۱ȻԱģǱͳȫ㣬㷢һá
Ҫʲôս˵žͿʼҪȥõĶ֣ˣܹ׾ٵǵһӽʶеսס޴ӡ
һӱˣսãһ⵽ӦģΪõҵؾܹɵƿҸ㣬ûҰæͲܹɹ
Ѿȥˣĺˣһԭ뻢ıƤʱᱻԷɱԭĴһ˿ϣζˣþԲŹԼ
ȻˣֺαټʵԼôѿսһ˿ȫ˳
ɫһݣ漴мЦôҪƴ𣿵ǵαΣ
ҲҪͬھս˵ţ궼ȼ
ɾҪƴʱӰһͣͬ˵סѨһԭأȫǲţ漴һɾ£סȻЦǱӦһжǱӦû뵽սһսȻ³
شõһߣܹڱУӦøеңģὫؾ󣬲ûϾ֮ȷʵֵü
㲻úսһŭͬʱһ˿ҲѸٵʧ˲ʧȥ˶־ĳףղطԼǾȻõһëˣھԵǰһֻϣɱ
ɡþһ߸ϵķһ㣬Ŀŵ²һɿο漴˫һһɰͬˮһûԼʶսһӱסһͳ׵ʧȥ˿ƣûںˮеһŸƼûһӱɱĿ־塣
ֻж棬㲻ҪΪ֮ΪΪҸ㣬˻㣡սþһ˿սñһҵ³
㻹أνЦҪ翪ʼҾʲôˣȻǶҪôҾƫҪǿԺףͻھʹڣ˭޷ҺΣ
Եһ㣬аȣ·Խʮ꣬˳ʱʮ֮ǰҲ˵ͬĻȻȫˣɴڣҪ˶ãͿѰҵһ壬»ص硣
ʮ֮ǰû飬ʮ֮
޳ڼֲֿܿƵȻԶһ޵ŭˢһۣز鿴ܣûĻӦġ
ӡ޳³ĸ漴ʼͻƵٶȣһҪǰȥ׷棬Բٴߡ
ǣԴУս곹׿ס֮󣬱㿪ʼ˿ٵգսϾһսΪܵҲС˵һƷ
ѾҴõҲѾ¶һ޳һģһֻķɫҪ޳һЩҲ޳ȫȻͬ
޳Ϊ鸶۵ģ潫սȫ֮˵
ǰҪָһЩսʱȻѰһ˿õӡǡ
ΪˣȻһЩν̸ͽܶʦսȻǰǵطУһƲ̫ãʵϷǳҪһӡǣʵʹõͻ֮ɱѰ©
潫ӡ֮󣬲ɵùЦսò˵ȷʵһţϧʮݷһ񡣲һǵøл㣬طȷʵǳ
һԵĿ佱ȷʵû뵽սȻͻƵطѾоǰڿٵͻ֮ԵĸоԼڵе㲻ܿƣ֪һͻƵľͷȥ֮ͻһ޴ڡ
ǰžǿһ͵ϮŽ˳ȴ֣սȻѾֻҪսܷصȥʱգͿûк֮ǵͻƣҲᷴ
ǸѽԵظ̾ԭضݵĵϢһ£ٴο޳ڵķһȵĺ⣺޳ţҾԲŹ㡣
Ҫ뿪֮ʣܵĿռ䵱ͻȻһ˫һУ¶һЦݣתͷƳһ޳ķ˵һҲٵ뿪
޳Ҳܿ췢˿ռ䴫Ĳɫһϸظ̾һ£漴ٶȳĳڳȥ
֪﷢ʲô飬ڼٵĵҪһ㡣
ãͽ뿪Ҫɴˣǵδȫɢȥӡǣ޳
ɴ󣿡޳⣬Ѿ˼£ͬһһ㣬ٵسųڳȥ
Ϊв֮˽ŵĴѪĺһ룬ǾҪ߶Žɴ󣬽ﳹ׵Ĵݻ٣ǲģڵ޷ƣøϿߣ˵շŭһСӣȻĿ󷨣ǣ


1636 
ʱ棬һȺŵĶΣÿ˿жĬţǳࡣ
ףǣסְɣȥҲᱻ״ݻٵģ㲻Ϊһ޳ڵѪѽżغһ棬ȷʵ޳£һ棬ҲΪͻµ
ĿδԼŮһۣ˵ǵУ޳أ֪ʲôʱɴ󣬺ʱſûʲô飬Ͽ뿪
Ҳߣ񼧹ִվһԣҪɢ̫ǿˣѹٽһżУ֪ϻûУֹֻܹⳡˡ
˭޷ֹһ˵ͬʱߴٸλǣٶȡ
ֻһ¡תԽԽ죬һӾͱһתһ㣬ؿʼתһɰѹ·Ҫַſռ䶼顣
ԣǿס֣ʹغ֪޳ôˣ֪УһѾ˼ǰ͵ǵĽ˵ԭһ޴ĻþķһĽ֮߶ЩСҲᱻʱй޳ûлĻᡣ
ŹִĸףһҧתԶȥһҪȥ磬һа취ġ
񼧲µûоһ˼еһж֮飬ЩõĻЩһӶʧ޳ʱһ޴ĺڶռ䵱һһжʼٵĴݻ١
ͻȻԱߴ׺֪ʱѾ޳ԡ
޳һۣɫʮֺãûг׵Ļָ׺ҪԸܵŤֹǰʦңûоԵȥѹƵĻһжֻı顣
׺ԣͣתͷ޳һۣȻຢһ޳ӣ׼뿪
޳һæ˵ֲɣ
׺һǻûȫָǴʱֵĻȫȫϣһص𺦣޳ĿԼֵΪ˾Լȥ
֣ȵҵʶģһ취뿪޳ޱȵ˵
׺ԭûоٶǵ޳еź̬ʱһ£һ̣ȻЭˣವһ¾뵽޳ʶС
޳˿л׺Ӧ½ʶŻرͬʱжСǿ̫漴㿪ʼٵѰͻƵİ취
õŵȫУȻδüȫǣʱʱðһЩմУéٿĸоٵѰѹƿռķһ߰üڤĵʼѰҳ·
һжСģոɴǸǿȶɣ޳ĵֿǱ֣ͻʮѹƣʱӲȥˡ
ɼʹ޳СģɱֲĽɴˣ޳оܴѹȻʱѾһӽסͬһֻϼһ㣬ŵΧסһӾûĺС
ס֣һ־ŭһ̣ɫӰɿĳԡ
һˣһϲ漴ɫһȵϿ뿪
ףѣʹ͸һ˿ţû뵽ĸ׾ȻĻ޳֡
磬д£㲻֣ĵɫһӳ˵Ͽ뿪Ȼ巨۴
Ҳߡ˪ЩĳѾˣõ񼧴Ϣʱٶȸ˹ǰԼվһ
ʱѾܿһǰĻþŤѾ췭ظ֪޳ô
ףĲһˣǲҪΪС˵
ͲùˣǵѪԲŹҲнǸôصɱ⣡޳һİ֣Ҷû㹻İܹסΩпɴ󣡡
ǡһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôã˵ûȷʵĽѪǰȷʵһЩϢû뵽Ȼ޳
뻹Ը޳˵⵱һʲôᣬҶ޳˽⣬Բˡ
˽٣һжֻǱѣӽ㲻ΪѪͲеЩУѾɣԲ뿪
ǣҲĿԼֵ˵УϳһĨ㣬޳ʶȻȴһʵĸо޳ΪˣΪֹѣǸԲҪˣô˵Щ
ԼӵĻЦ˵̫ˣýɴһͣĿ𣿡
ɫɷһƬһ˿˵ĶԣɴһоԵȥѹƣ޷ͣǰѾҲǼȵŤܵȫٵĶѾγһУǸоһǿĺڶһȫڡ
ԽԽ󣬷·ҪܵĿռ
֣ɫͻȻһݣепһ˿ۣ޳ˣּŤ֮֮£ûбȫĽˣϳ޳Ǳ̬֮⣬Ҳڶˡ
Ҳ޳λǸԿһ󣬼ٶȣǼƴģﶼ߷˳ȥƱҪ޳Զ
ѾȥѪܹܲջʱΨһͷ޳õӦеĽѵԲԴǵĶ뿪еĴ뿪ҪȻкȥڣ
¡¡޴ĺ¡¡𣬽ɴͬһբţкʮûܹ赲עռ䵱УһӾܵȫŤ֮ԽԽǸڶԽԽۿžҪ޳Ķûȥ
ಣ
ֻһ漴ֻоǰ׹һȻΪĶӾѾǺڶ˹ȥ
ˣں󺰣һ
Ҳ󾪲ѣһȺȫȥҪץǽɴɢȴһӽ˦һԣǾȻ޷
ô죿˵ɫҰһƬѾԱŵÿ磬ѽ
ԭΪһǶٻһЩȰ裬û뵽ɴѹ޷ֹû뵽羹Ȼ޷˵ĳȥˣô죿һǺڶߣҲزˡ
ʲô취ýɴͣѽľżλǺγһ㣬ʼٵ෴
ǴѾѹת
ˣǵһ˿ϣҲҪûˡʧһĵڵϣ㶵Ŀǰ
֣ڼŤ֮ݲ֮µ޳Ȼ쵽洫һϤϢûӦͼѾ嵽ԡ
ʲô޳ɫһ˻ǲҪˣ֪һ塣
һץסƴ˦뿪˵һԾȻֱֱس˽ȥ
޳δӦͷִ洫һǿǹޱȣִǵĻͻȻ䱬һ
ļڼ洫ĶʱӵǼĩһ㣬ֵغôСǲǷˣУһҪֹ


1637 ̫
ĳ˽ɴĴ󲿷Ť֮ĳλĵϯȥ޳ܵѹȴԸûȥ֪ʱĴһǳΣգΪֻǼһ˾͸ԸԼѣǾԲġ
ˣ޳ΧĿռŤ֮εѹ֪Լһ߶ͻٲľأʱ˶Ҫɴ֮УۿӿԽԽ࣬һʱ֮伱Ĳ֪Ǻá
󷨵ע޳ΧŤ֮ʱյȻ
޳һǰԼ޷ֿɴȴ޲ߣȻ޷УһյˣԼʣһʱҲᱻЩ񱩵Ť֮űġ
뵽⣬޳Ĵһ磬ס취ΧŤ֮ˣǱлȥˡ
˵꣬·ǱûκλӦ޳֪ǰδеѹſԼΧѨλɿŰŤ֮ӿԼڣԼľѪ⡣
ЩŤ֮ǳǿ󣬼ڳڵһ˲䣬޳͸ܵһǿҵʹ֮࣬ǰѾ˺ܶľ飬ʱͱ˺ˡ
޳ʶŻǰտҵʹʶѣ֪޳ҪʲôæŶߵʶŻ˵
޳ͷ˵ʵĳȻ̬ȴҲ޵ģ֮ǰܹô൱һֹԪڰԼԪԪ鶼˱𴦣ΨȥЩŤ֮ʱоеĲ̫࣬
ãҷһЩŤ֮ȥЩǳǿҺͿ񱩣һҪСģ¹ش޳д󣬵·ſһЩʶŻŤ֮޳ķַ϶ûɱӿУȴ׼õĻͶĸڡ
ۣЩÿֲſһѿڣһһЩŤ֮ʹĺš
ɫҲ̫ÿų嵽ԼǰŤ֮һεĿŶģ˵Сӣ֮ǰЩѪʱǺôڻˡ
⣬ôһѪǴ֮ҵʵкܴİЩŤ֮ŵȫƻһ֣Ҫ໨ܽ˵أ
̲סЦ˵֮ǰɾװİɣȻƵ˾ֱһϻͷ
㣡ıʲôЩĵˣǰδеΣգұȫԸİȰٹȥˣٺúõĺۡ˵ţٶԣֻǸŬЩӿŤ֮
ղֻǺͶĿЦʱԷҲٶԣ˵ȶҪܶ࣬ʱߵʵȴǲ£ڿռĶĶҪԶԶԼȻ壬˵ĶҪóʮŬЩŤ֮Ļͷǵƴˡ
ң汾ԺЩŤ֮һ£ֻܽƴЩŤ֮ķ޳ʶ֮УЩŤ֮ѾתΪº;ûκεΣա
ȫŤ֮ʱ򣬺Ȼ֮ǵ֮ϵľ޴̫ܵʲôʶŻɷ˵ļ˻Ͷģ忪ʼٵתЩŤ֮γһ޴ѡ
ʲôǻôŭһһ̫ߣȴһɴ˻
⣡һһల£ôںȻˣɫЩ԰ףʱŤ֮γɵѾ̫뵽޳ʶģԼٶȲϵţۿҪռʶ
ҲֹͣŤ֮Ŀ̫ľٶȻһ㵽һٿԼˣȴ֮ǰ˵׺
СģЩŤ֮׺ʱ״̬Ҳòȥ޳ʶеԼ֮ٳȥԿǽɴû뵽޳µãֱӰЩ񱩵Ť֮ԼʶˣѵΪԼǿһĹ
ε̾Ϣһ׺һ۾ʧĶģԼһεĻ棬Ǹ̫ЩŹֻ֣ǣŤ֮ûǹʶʱʲô¡
üͷ֮ǰú̫Ӧ˵˳ĵĵ̫ʮǰµһֻʱԼļ䣬ǲ֪θȥɳĻ½һѡ
ҲĹĵĵһֱ˵Ļ֮ǰƴĺЩóԵѪҲ֪صʲôطȥˡ
ûĿ˶һۣѵ𣿲ʱҲ̧ܵʱۿ̫ǣŤ֮ԽԽ࣬γɵмҪռ޳ʶһռ䣬ȥĻűʶռġ
޳رʶŻ뵽޳ʱ޳ѾϾģʵĽɴ֮УʱٵΣ˿ʶеС
տʼſʶŤ֮ʱ򣬵ȷûɴķֿ֮Ȼ׵ľͿƽ⣬ҲͲǵţˡ
ڷ֮ų޳ʶһΧԱźСӣôçײɴȻǿҲֻգʶЩһǿסôܰŤ֮Žȥ
޳Цһųʦҹ˲ôˣѾ֮Уȫɴұ뾡һа취ƿɴ󣬷Ὸסġ
̾ϢһĲٿŵֵΧŤ֮һߵɴȻҵµģֻһδжѣ֪ƽİ취ûж쾳ĸֿԼǳ󷨵˺ĻƾŤ֮ҲҪ֮ȫɴ󡣡
޳ԣɫüΪѿԼ̬ҪΧŤ֮ļµʱ䣬û뵽ȻҪôãǿҲֻһﾳĸ֣Բܿôʱġ
µΨƴˣ޳һȻһ͵ش߶ȫʩչǧ٣ΧŤ֮Ĵݻ٣˺һʹ࣬ĳ˹ȥ
СӣҪʲôմһû뵽޳˸֮ˣæ߶ŸϣȴС


1638 ǿͻ
ɴǿǿʱͲŵֻܱ޳ֿЩǵһŤ֮
Ȼ֮䣬޳嵽·֮ʱеܵʲôԼһ㣬ں̵ܶʱͣƬ̣žӿĿΪʲô
վסҪǰ壬Ȼһŭ𣬻ͷȥȴһڴĿĽɫâе޵Ӱһ̤ճԼ߹
޳ĺ£ߵ޳ǰƺҲھԼɴķƣлǴޱߵŭ
޳סԼ۾ſ˾ȻĸģаٸнԼ֮Աɴ֮УָʾģʱԼҲУΪ˾İɣ¸ĸİ
Ŀ޳һۣ㲻ٺϻֻһصĿɴˣѾÿޱȣʹԶ쾳ҲǱٳֻɿ񱩵Ť֮˺꣬󳹵ʧ硣
Сǽˡڶ֮ʱպȻЦȻһŵĿ޳ߵţ죬ɫһ䣬̽ʵ⣬Ǳʧĵţ
ûڣռЦǰɣѪΪľҪǰػ򣬺õȴԵ̳֮ҵŴУҵͽˣΪҪɴס
ңıǺò֪ǺãεĿŲϱ仯ţʹһػеŴУһǲϵŴѪϣõ渴
ʹǳҪձϾ棬ֻǲһЩǰнѵʸ
ǰҲ֪Сѡļ̳֮ˣֻѹ¶޳ĲŵŵĽ͵
һ֪ҲȫģֻǰԼµ£˴򣬱㼰ʱ˽ɴ˵Щְ
ˣ׾ĸֽ룬ΧŤ֮ԽŰѾ׵ĳһڵŤȷѾ׵ûκεֿͻһֱ˳ȥ
һۣ˵ɴµģȴסĶӻҵĴˣֻһ취ԾųȥҪһԸ⣿
һϲΪѾûϣԼνҲֻҪƴһЩˣҲð޳ɱȻٳȥɴܳ׵ֹͣתһֱȥ򱻻٣ŵҲҪ군
ڼȻɴĲ֮˵н֮ΪԼĶҲҪƴһԣԥĵͷǰҪʲô˵ҾҲһġ
մܣ˼Ƭ̲ŵʵû㹻޷ڲƽɴģΪ֮ƣֻнͻΪ֮ʱǿлеŤ֮ǻһ
֮޳һ뵽֮ǰ׻˽ҵС㣬ʱֻͻﾳף㡣
뵽ģѾǶ쾳磬֮ԽԽѣǿĵҲֻ֮ܳΪŻкܴĲ࣬ҪͻƾǾԲܵġ
ѵʱлͻΪģԼǱĵģ֪Σʵʦô
ճ֮򲻴ͺ޽¥һ㣬ֻȰѻˣܸǵøߣʱ⣬޳ҪĶ쾳ǿаͻƵŶ۷壬ϣʱ׽١
⣿޳ϵʦ˰ţȴŵĿ޳ЩŤĵǰ޳ֻﾳ߶Σô嵽Ŷ۷壬֪ǳ̬ҲԲܳܵסҶ쾳
һ·˿һ㣬Щĵ˲УҵͽƫƫԣģҪȳԼĶӣȻԹԵϾͺˡ
Σ峤ˣϰָʹȴһԼҪӴȻֻѹеǷݻΪ˾ȳԼĶӣȻҪȫ޳ͻΪΡ
޳׼𣿡ղűóһ޴İ¯ԦǸԵЩ֮¯·ȴһת̨ӿгһ޿ƥеʱѹסΧ
޳һ̨յͽɣסȻκʹ߻þҪԼģκˣڡ
ǻþ޳һ֮ǰʱоͲ㱻øľΪǿͻΪȻҪٻþĿ飬֮ǶԼҲǷǳҪġ
һһͷӣ̨֮ϣʱоΧö⣬ںͻҵĿռҲ·ɾһ㡣
ǻþܷģ޳ֻǳɨһۣеһͷĿѣʱ뵽յѣæ˫ĿεԼҡ
ǣκͬȻı۾ȴɿԿΧһУЩ·쵽Զʰ쵵ɫʣΧĿռ䣬ʱоԼһЩɫʵĹɵռ֮С
ʲôط޳ı˫ۣԺȴ̲סȥΧһоô£֮ǰδֻ룬·ֻǵһþûκεĲʡ
ˣȻ֮䣬ǰһŹ߿ʼ˲һӴޱȵףһΪµףɫɵ촽һ˿΢ЦһһϵķԲκεºôȥˣ˾Ѫ
Ȼž޴˫Ŀ壬ųһе⣬ʵռĴ̳֪ͨδŶ޳ĵܹѾӵ˽ʸ񣬲Ժ·;ңԶܹ߶ãȫԼˡ
˵꣬޴׻߷뿪·һӿΧɵռ֮У޳ҲҲеȴ
ͷһۣµ̨֮⣬ŻǸ¯Ѿʧʱɫ֮УҲз·ڲͣĺ޳̲סҪȥһ̽
ɣɣһֻأǾˮ£ڴ


1639 Դռ
һϵƵĴд쳹޳Ժ֮С
Сӣһֻǻѣǧȥ㽫ԶڱԴռ֮У̲סҪվ߹ȥʱ򣬺Ȼһ
޳ȻڶԼʦյģȴԵ˺ֻܶ࣬ʮӣæʵ˭
פһصɾԽԴЦŽ͵ȴ޳ɻ
ղǻþ޳ԸŶԷݵģʱȴȻԳΪʲôɾȴ޳
㵽˭ʮ־񣬰һжͻΪʱҪĿ飬Լһʱ⣬ĻԴɾ˵Զþ֮С
һܶѣԴûпڣǵһͨдųСӣµҲûбҪƭ㣬ܹⱾԴռ䣬һִԵ֣ܷץס磬ҪһЩ컯Уƾ˰æûпͻƵġ
޳֮ʵ԰ң
һƺ޳ԼǳߣҴƭˣ嶼ûСһûκαҪƭ㡣
˵ţȻһͨд˳޳ΧͣߵЩɫߺʲôΪµĶһ㣬׷׻⣬ԶԶĶ㿪һգ۵Ĺ޳Χֻʣ޵һƬ
ǹ磬Щɫߣߵٶȶ죬һеı仯޳ûзӦ֮ǰѾָոձ̧ܵ㱻ǹסӱ㱻һɺĿռ֮ǵһͨڡ
ܵǹɿֲ޳޷סһڳ׵Ƭռ䣬аһ⣬Ҫסģ¾Ͳôˡ
һҧͬ´߶Уë׳ȥͼǹԼˣȻЩиո壬ʧ޳ѾΪȫʧȥ˶ǵĸӦ
޳ʾٴʩչսƾתһŷ磬Ҫķ϶гȥȻոһ仯Ҳ֮䣬ͨһһտռ䣬ܼӲޱȣ޳Ŭ޷һ˿ۡ
Σ޹йĻָ޳εĵʲôȻ˱죿
˰죬ҲûκλӦԼղŲϵľٶǼŭ˶ԷֵƢ󣬸οǵ˶ԷּģǾ͸ĥˣԵ޹ʱס޳ҪԷһɫʱȴȫûǷ˼
ڵĿռ֮УΧûκε͹ߣκ޷ղų֮˵ĻӦʱһãʱͻˣʵʦ˶ڵԼȥƽǽɴȴʧֱڻþ֮Уʱ䣬ĺ˰סĻԼҲҪűˡ
ʦҸô찡޳ô˼¿ռǽڣŭغ֮ǰʱУΣգȷĵ˻ƴƣ׺һڸֵİæҵ·
ȴԼʶռ䣬һޱȵĻþ޳֪ЩڵΪûˣΪ֮ƣΨԼгȥϣ
ϥڵϣŬĻ֮ǰĥѣȥЩİֻ䵱ʱľЩǰȥģһ׮׮
ȥʶԼԭһǿԸѻΣգϲʲôʹУҲܿͻᱻ塣
⣿޳εǽڣȻԼûôþ֮ΪλôǿˣԷԼʲô˼
ι˭ΪҪ֪˶ã޳Ѿ˼ޣվôǽڣŭ
Ȼһжͽ޹ģסĿռǼӲĲ˼飬ʹ߶ﾳ߲ȫʵ޷ռ䣬ɼǿĿ¡
޳йԼеƺŭ𣬲ϵʩչԼѧĸַʽڵֻһССĿռ췭ظĸɾ֮󣬿ռָֻôĺڰͼžһᷢ
޳Ѿ˼ޣһеĿʼԼѪ֮ҪһٰĿռݺݵĻ飬Ȼ󴩹ƳȥʲôС
Сӣ𣿡޳һеĵ֮ʱȻһڶշġ
ʦ޳͵һ𣬷ִʱԼѾ鲼˸߶ѹЩǴԼǿͳȥģֻҪԼһͬҩͰһ˲䱬ըʱ򲻵Լᱻ𣬾ҲҪˡ
뵽Щһգһ亹æСĽЩջڣУʼһԲ
޳ڵΪӴ󣬲֪˶ãŰһ˿ջأܵ³µĻܣȴڵо
ֱʱյٴ𣺡Сӣ㻹㲻ܹħӰ¼ֵڣһҪ׵ıˡл޳ǸԴɾԼʦա
ЩΧĿռϣ̾˵Դɾܹ˵ǷѾѸղǸסҵļһʰˣôҳȥ
Դɾ̾ˣûжһǿĴڣҵְάⱾԴռ򣬶ɾǧټƵ뱾ԴռɱֻпһӣǹأӵɳⱾԴռʸ񡣡
һӣ޳֮ǰԼ״̬ȻʱѾʧأΣʱҲԲһôãȻԷûᣬҲֱӵֻʵڿԳȥˣ
ԴɾЦԴռʺѾӵʸ񣬲ᱻɾżˣαؼųȥҴһĹֻҪ㣬ʵˡ
ô޳һ֮ǰǸʲôɾҲ˵ƲĻԴɾҪԼһ׹ܲܶʱǿʡȥһЩ֮ˣһʱϲ
ٺòˣ޳ЦΧĿռϣһüͷ˵ԴɾⶫôҲѾͨ𣿡
˰죬ԴɾȻŭСӣղɾǸ̨㱾ûʸ뱾ԴռģȻƴ췣


1640 صʵ
Դռ֮УƬռλɾ޳Ϊ˿ļ⣬ŭɶİڿռ֮С
쵰޳ȥϣޱȣѾܹķպͺڰͻˣҲ֪ǽɴ֮еǴʱôˣ
ڿ޶Բ֮ʣռ任һ޵Ŀռ䲨ƾӿ֣ǲԽԽ޳ĵãռʼ
ʲôֿȻȴ޷ҡǿռֺۿܹĿռԽԽСܵһ޷ֿѹ
ѹκʱ򶼲ͬƺʲôڲٿһ㣬ΪȵļѹÿһƤ͹ĳһķԽܵѹ֮ӴʼεסжǺ֪ĽɴЩ֮
ſռ޳Ҳѹüеȫ֧ţȴͬϺһ㣬˿ûκô
ܵѾѹñŤ޳ǿʹ࣬вʵغҾԲʲôԴռ䣬ʲôɾǻþѣȥɣ
һŭȣ֮еĳεشڳױռ֮ǰ޳Լ֮һκͱ̾Ϣ̾Ϣ·بʱңԶǿ˲㴩͸Դռ䣬ңңĺĳָӦ
˲䣬Χ˾ΥĹߣѹȵĿռ֮Ҳʧ޳忪ʼĴ߶¸ԭָӾ֮ܿȥȴԼŵ̨棬ǰڴ߶Եġ
ǣʵ磿޳һϲǳˣҪողô£Ȼһ׳ĵ䣬ݺݵĵİԵϣδ֪һ𣬿ԵųһȦʵʵĽɫâֵסǵ⡣
ˣʧ֮ĵɫ˲԰˼֣Ŀ޳һۣĵ׽Ѿʼֻܰ㵲סǰ˵ţҲ޳ӦԦԵϡ
޳һǸæһԼ壬ķѾ˼֮л˴ľţĻ
ȻΪ޳ȴȫ֪ӦԶ׽٣˵ȫǿǿΪЩȴȴǲһЩ
ҪǿϰٱĶ쾳ΪҲֻȥǰףɼֲ֮
ʱŻεػס޳ڵһƬռ䣬岻ӣҲŲ˶ˣ޳ľȴǴʱѾӦյĴڡ
ʦ뵽ڻþ֮Դɾ˵췣һ⣬ѵʲôþԼǱԴռоһжʵģ
ͽǳɹͨ˿飬ѾԳǶ׽ˣʶ֮Уյ
޳æʶȴѾŤ֮⣬Ѿǿʮǿߡ
Ť֮ɵ֮Уܿϵǿ̫ƺеģһڷٵתš
޳Ҫ̫ȴһ۵סˣҪȥ̫Ѿˣ
ģ޳֪ʶгʲô飬˳ԴɹȥȴѾһСɽСɪɪĶеıԵ׺Լʯ׶Сɽĵһɽ档
ô£ϺѾԹȥʯҲʧȥԣ޳üͷʵ
綴ԣ̫²ʲôöȫŤ֮ʱȻӱѣֱӰŤ֮˽Ϻý鼤˶ĵǱܣǰǲƬ̵İϢ֮ءĽ͵
޳ԣͷݺݵĵĵ̫һۣԷǺйϵĶû뵽ȴؼʱ̸ԼݺݵһڿʶҲѱȻֻԼȥԿ׽ˡ
ˣҸղʦʶдʲôطȥˣ޳ʶѲһȴûиӦյ
ʦ£ŵգͳȥ𣿡
ʲô޳͵һʦȻûʶ֮УǸղŵѵһֻþߣȥˣ֣صĿһۣŵǼסȥףٻͷһʰ̫
˵꣬عʵ磬ȴѾָԭģ˺ۣѾֵˣæջʶöıãʩչǧ٣֮ڵֿ׵ġ
بصĴִ׵ݺ£ĵİԵ֮ϣ֮һҲ޷ֱֱֵȥ
޳״ãæӭϣһַųһгĵ壬ֶմһϢ͵عͣγһֻľԳӲĵסס
㣡˫Ŀ⣬ŵĿֻԳֿɢԼҲֱӵǿƵ޳૵ѵ᣿
ԼɾԳ޳ҲһûʱӦĵɻֻٴαǣϷף˽ɴŤ֮ƣӰεĳӿȥ
޳һǾԳͷһۣȻһģһĶ쳤Хһȥ׳׾ʮָ鶯Ľһӡǣ·һƣʱŤӡϵıУܿ۳߲ʵǡ
һǷģŤ֮߶żµƻ֮󷴶γһȶ
һţȵĹâ޷˵ĳ˽ɴģŤ֮Ϊܼǿҵģ类Уʱδ֪ԳҲչ˵ˡ
һţǳһ벻ķ˹ȥ޳ʶǵ֮󣬱ԺǾԳֳһԼû뵽ȴȥ˱𴦣Ҳ֪﾿ʲôҪĶڡ
ȻܽԼɣ޳еĶ־ɵǾԳߣʱӦһϤİϢ֮ǰʱĺɫԳȻмơ
ѵķɫԳ壬޳вζΪԼȻʱԼƫƫٻϢƵľԳòʼԼʵݡ
ʱ֮Լֳĵ⣬ڲϵĻཻ׳ÿһεĽŷ֮֮еĵĵ׽١
ɫԳͷ޳񽻻㣬޳Ȼ˲ĴңܿƽȥӾԳпһӰӣһֻɫĹԳڷŭָ쳤Х
ǣԼ޳ʹסͷʵ޷ʵ


1641 ׽
ڽɫԳУԭԼȻһֻɫԳһģһһУô£
죬ˣ޳ŭһʵĿǽɫԳ۾˵ҵ˭
޳ʲôȻļԦԵǻ壬ʱ޳ͽɫԳɴעôѹȴ޳һֳ⡣
ĵĺѣ޳һ𣬺գԼղŲ뾫֮УٻͷɫԳиûκεӰֻİڵһƬޡ
ûˣ޳мĿһģǰղŶ㼴ʹѣҵ
˳޳Ŀ⿴ɫԳصĶһ¶ĵĵȻᣬѪҲ׷ֻҪܽⶴ׽ƽɴ󣬾ȳԺͼսˣΪ
޳Цһ֪ø˻Ǳˣ֪ˣ취ٻɫԳʲô¶ûˣֺα֮С
һжѾˣȥѾûκ壬ĶżεĵĵףᶨĵǰģһжǳģȻҲӦܡ
˵ţ޳£ֱӳ˹ȥǽɫԳһ쳹ŭ˫ŷ̤գԸٶȳ嵽޳ǰ
ıȥȻӦ󴫳һϤϢ־ϲĿɴģȴѾǿǴĳһ˿϶һԡѪӰһ֮¿֧š
סȥ㣡ĸмĿһ޳ͽɫԳʧķ򣬱ȫתԦԵ֮
ɴϿգһһСͬصӰңңͣ׵·ǵĵ׵ڼȴԾߵ޳˿ûκȤ
ߣ˶Ǳĵȴ׽٣ƫƫҪȥ㣡޳ŭһ߶һɫ⣬֮
ɫԳʱȴԥֻ޳Ѿ˳ȥԳһ˿֮ɫڻǺܿȥ
ˣӰ֮Уʱĵ׵Ľ࣬ǱڰͰؼȼ۵һ̶ȲŻݺݵ£صȥͷͼͻƵļһ
񣬶˷Ҳսĵ׶ʱͬŭʨһ㣬뷢˺ѿռ֮˴˽Ž޳ͽɫԳΧס
ǻڵʲôܵ͸ƣ޳˿ӣʱʵΪֻﾳ߶ΣҪԿⶴ׽٣ǽɫԳ֮⣬κﶼûóģԾԼȥӲ
𣡽ɫԳҲ޺𣬲ͣĴΧգһɫӡƾճ֣޳ܣγһܲ͸Ľɫϡ
ȻǱԴ֮޳Ӧɫӡ̺ķЩǱԴռβ£ֻ߲ʵģɫԳĳƣֻʩչɫıԴ
ԴصͲζҪߵϺܶ࣬Ȼûù쾳޳ĶԿ׵ļѳ̶ҲԲ³ⱾԴԲǴﵽ쾳Ϳʹõġ
ʱԽɫԳݸӺ棬ʱеĹԳһûһнɫâģЩԶʱ֮⣬ҲûпñԴģҲ֪ɫԳʲôط
䣡ȻһԶ೤Χĵ׵ƻûдﵽ㣬ȴͬʱȥûжϵαǣڻףݺݵĳ޳˹
Ǹ޳ԼоǸЩϤʽΣûиκʱȥ䣬ֻܹעȫȥӦס
׿ʼΧŤ֮˿ʾ֮ʱۼŤ֮˫˲Ӵʱѿ֮γɵյشȴŤӿٶּӿ֡
ã޳ĿһУ˵٣׹ȻܹԿŤ֮ЩŤ֮ڽӴһ˲㻯ޣײûĶ٣ϮԼɰޱȣ졣
䣡£ڻĽɫӡ֮ϣŷȴĿĻ𻨣޳֮ĿռöŤ
ôǿ޳ƾӲⶴ׽٣û뵽ܹŤռ䣬æʩչǧ٣ڿռ֮вϵĶܣʱֻǵĵףȻǽɫԳֵܹûбҪװ׵ʱҪָ
ڿնܵʱ޳ע⵽ɫԳβûҶֻÿΧĿռŤ֮ǰһ壬ڶĲһ෴Ť֮Щĵûܵκ˺
ǿʱ޳ıɫԳܹƾŤֱ֣̬֮¾۷ǿ߶޷ɡ
䣡ĵ׵ĵһϮѸͶǿңȴɫԳֵǵĹܴ죬ҲεŻ˻ȥ
޳һղȫɫԳΪӦ֮˷ûгʲôΣͬʱҲķʽȹ׽٣Ժľ᲻ʲôӰ졣
𣡽ɫԳ˷ܵĳХһͷһ޳İ޵˫Ŀ֮з·һЩʲô޳ҪȻ̧ͷ­һĿա
޳˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻصԭ֮⣬ûԼΪĶɣ̾ϢһεջĿ⡣
ĵ׾һεʧܣںϳһţܿѳףÿһҪ֮ǰǿһֹȴڲͣ׳š
һĻ޳ľѣ֮ǰɽ֮ʱûлγɵḶ́ʱ׾ǰķʽϳɳ׳ΪȴҪǸʹԼһ
ˣղǸǣ޳Ŷ´ӼƬ̣ȻһǸڱԴռеԴɾġ
ѵԴλɾڱƹԪ½޳в²ţ뵽ԶʱڵδֻһʽԼߣֿʼ
ԴռֱԴ֮ɫԳֻýɫıԴ֮ԶԿ׽٣һֻԡеԴλɾʵ϶ҪӿֲҪƻԪ½Ļ²ҪԶֻ֣轵׾㹻ˡ
޳亹ֱԪ½̫ԼŲµˣԲƬ½κƻ¶ԷҲУԼƴҲҪǶһ
뵽ԽɫԳԳ׽ҪԼһѣҵʵʼ޷
˵ţԳµĽɫӡȦϷףʱȻ


1642 쳤
Լһ˵ˣԳȹ٣ԺͱٳΪǿˡ
ɫԳ£Ŀ޳ȻһХջЩɫӡֻһ⣬޳ڡ
׵޳ûע⵽ɫԳľٶֻǸо֮з·ʲôʶĻͷȥȴ·ѾһֻһƬ޺޾Ť֮
ãȻҲңҾƴ㿴޳һ׷ſԼ͵ӿûκμɣûκ⣬һǰĽ֮С
䣡Ժ֮һ᳹޳˳ĳ֮У̺ΰǿĴƤѪŤ֮ҪŰ񱩵˲˺Ƭ
屻ƻٶʵ̫죬޳ܵκʹ࣬Ѿʧȥ˶ĸӦӶģޱߵĹ¼źͻ
ʱ޳ֻʣԼ꣬ƬɵĿռ֮Уƺ겢ûκȤƻ֮ѲһŻعԭȥ
ʧ𣿡׽ʧ޳ʵ̾
𣡡Ȼ֮䣬ɫԳ޳֮гХֹһѸĽɫӿһӵΣʵ硣
ЩҪ˵͵һ٣ǿͬʱƬռ䲻ͣ߮ƺûҵĿ꣬ǴʱûͷĲӬһĴײ
޳Ҳɫʵٴϵͨͷ޵Ľɫ˫ͫʼ۲Χ硣
һȴΪ⣬һƬĽɴʱͺǱԴռһ㣬˸ɫߣҶûͷĴš
ЩߵǿȼΪС޳ΪԼڱԴռ֮ˣĿ⿴δδ߱Ŵһ㣬ô׳ͻһЩ
ƿָֻˣôҿ񱩣޳ʶɫܹ֮ıֱӰʵֳ
Ŀתɴģ޳ѰټȴĹ߱ҪܼǿһҪĹڲϵΧεת
ĹȴǼΪӣ԰ɫΪһ΢СһЩģһЩ޵ĽɫڲͣţʱķһߣΧתĽɫӵһֺܿ챻ΧĻҹ߸жϡ
ˣžǷֺǰɣ˻ڼţ޳־Ӽᶨһⶴ׽ʧɴһָܿͻе˸׽顣
ĵкܶ࣬ʱ߶ȫٻָȴ׵Ϯոջָ㱻˲顣
ɹ飬׳һ֮⣬ֻصԭȥŤ֮ҲʼĻصԭ
Уȥǰ취޳нҪԼûףǺܿͻʧʱԼɽʧܲ˵ɴҲûƻϣˡ
Ҹô죿޳ϵĴ߶ͷָȴĶǽеһ׸Ƭ
ˣǱôˣҪֲסˣڴʱʶ֮ĵ޳æصʶ𺣣ȴ̫ѾŤ֮ȫһСķΧ֮ڣڲϵ׷ѾһǵĶġ
ô£©ַ꣬޳޲ɶ̫ӳʶϧûκΰ취
ļ޳֣æ㵽ĵ̫ӣ֪ʲô취ЩŤ֮շˣҪǵҡ
ʲô޳˷ųȻİ׹̫һۣһȻʵ˵а취ЩŤ֮
Ĳ֪ΪκȻЩƵػصǰҿ֮ǰȻҧһǸ磬ȻͺһһЩ񱩵Ť֮Ŀʼۼȥˡ
ԭǳã̫޳֮ͣ£ʱֳ˹޳Զĵ㾡עȥǳʲôرġ
ԣ廯Сɽһίĵأ㲻ҪҲ̫̫ܰɶˣץסһҵġ
޳˶һۣοģȥȥ˵ţһ⣬ǵ֮еĳ硣
̫ƺ޳ɵҺ棬ֻһһ£ֳģߴһߺܿ׷
總޳磬Ǵ͸ûκʵһⳤҲ˱仯
ϧԼʽʶ֮У޷ǽɫĶӽ۲ʶܹʲôͬ
뵽޳̽ĶԲԼ֮еĽɫԳԳܷǽɫʶ
죬ɫԳȻӦһͺ𣬺ܿ޳㱻һɫȡ˫ͫΧĿռ˲䣬Ϊһ߲ɵ硣
ٿǳ磬ȴǿһûκɫڣ޳һŵ۾һֱԼʶеĳ磬ôûбԴ
һӽɫȥǳ磬ɾ߲ʵɫôʵͲڵӡ
ٴλصɫ˫ͫһգʧ޳ɻȥⳤصĴ
ˣûУʰ̫Ҫҧˣĵ޳ͷȥȴһʰ쵵֮УһڰĹڳԼ˹
һתӽǣȴ̫Լڽɫӽ֮£ȴ͸ġ
ˣ޳ͷһԭ֮һƬޣȻЦģⳤıԴһµģԿܷԵ
£˲䱻̫ƽ̫޳֮ʶĺ˼ԥԥĴЩŤ֮ԭǻҳ
ķ̫޳˵Ķ㵽ߣЩƵĶ̫˶壬Цѽԭ㲻ҿ˰Ҳˣ
˵ţЩĶ޳ˣ֪ô㣬ҸղžͲˣҰװ˷˺ܶ
޳Ŀ̫һۣȻԼʱȥֻǶԶĵˣˣȥܷճ硣
ãʵͶԳ죬һԻ˵һζûκεֿģ֮ǰ̫һֱڳ總мɵ̫Լƻһֱûлȥζ
˿̣޳󣬶ĵҲٿǻͷĿ̫һֱۣһͷ˵ȥСɽ仮һž죬йһĺݺҧȥ


1643 ɾ֮ŭ
꣡Ļû͵ؿһʹһ޹غأˣⳤô޵ģ
޳Ҳе⣬Ϊڽɫӽ֮гͶĵıԴ͸ģ֮ӦܲĳָӦǣȴϻ
ڿҪŤ֮ܣֻǸ̫ˣԶԶĶԼ̫ɢԼƣ
̫һ£ŲԸһŲĶ˷ܵЦҪ˵
̫ߵǰ޳Ҫȥ¾ۼŤ֮׳ʲô仯˭֪ԷȴȻˣƺϣ޳Լ
޳ƣ̫˺ԼôػЩŤ֮ѵʲôΣղɣ
ץʱŤ֮İ취ĸӾҪɥɴ֮ˣΣ޳װӣ̫ٲҾͰӳȥ
仰ȻЧ̫ԭת˼ȦվڵŲ·͸޳˼һ㣬˲仹ųСŤ֮
޳գųЩŤ֮ס֮£ȴЩŤ֮ĽṹѾĳ΢ı仯֮γɵĿ񱩻ʱȴĳ
Ȼ޳Ϊȴ͸򾿾ʲô̽ԼȥЩŤ֮˭֪ոڵЩĲ֣Ť֮˲ÿޱȣӿ
Ť֮ʶγһŤռ䣬޳һ𣬲ȥʱ̫ȴƬ򣬺ܿѾʧصŤ֮ٶշΧߡ
޳·ʲô̽ĵշЩŤ֮Ϊ˼ҵѹ𣿡
̫һ£Ŷ壬Ȼڱʲô޳ȴתģͬɻҡͷ
ˣΪǸᣬ޳׷Ź޷̫ͨȡÿŤ֮İ취ʱʱȣľûиúоĻᣬֻʧľ̫Ҫȥģ˳ʶ
ɴ֮У޳ٴԽɫʽ׽֮УʱѾСĿڱܵŤ֮ʳš
һ߶׸ӦӦ֮ٴγ֣ǣ׵ĽܱߵŤ֮գҲ˲׳
żεĵף޳һɫȻȴ޷ṩܹΨвϵԼȥ׶Կ
ҺôʱĹؼʱ̣û޳ʱ߷ĺͽɫΪһ塣
εһ̣޳кȻýɫ˫ͫ鿴Լ״̬ȴֵѾ˳֮ɫм۵ǷǳңǴȻҪȱԴ֮Ϻܶࡣ
֮·ضԶ֪ԼʱһȫɱԴ۵ǿǣ޳Եĸпһ
¡¡׳ɣ䣬Я֮ױŷĿİ׹⣬ݺݵص¡
ɴӦ֮ܵŤ֮ŵĽΧʳ㲻ϵ̺
޳ϢȫԸҪ⸱˽ɫȥӲףĸȡʱ䡣
׼дŻصʯ֮ͬʱ޳֫Ӧͱնϣ˲䱻Ť֮÷顣
޳ʵŭһֽŶ֮µĽɫϽַӡǣֵ׵Ϯ
Σ׽ٵһǿ߿Եֿģƾ޳ȫԸڼ֮䣬һ˺ѿռ죬壬𵴣ѪƬģһţֱ𿾵ʣ
޳˫Ŀ죬ֿŲľֱͷţһűƣò׻ָͽٴʧء
Ȼ֮䣬֮ɫԳĳХХɫʼɢһɹɵİ֮ɫıԴ޳ĵ֮УΪһ塣
ǣ޳ܵԼΣºԥȫ߶δ֪߶赲ڵŰ
䡣һƾŭΪһޱȵ֮޳ͷţһ·иոγɵѪ顣
޳žʹȫƾһɲ;߶ǰδеٶµĹ⣬ȥ赲׵
׳ױ䣬̲֪˶ãۿ׵ڱǵ壬ͣͷ·׼һ޳Ҵ⣬ʱĵѾݽߣɫƺҲСһЩɢĹâ֮ǰǰǿҡ
Ĺؼһ޳ʶп̫Ǹĳ磬ҲʲôʱٲԺݹ飡
˵꣬ûеȴԷӦͷ֮£ʱѾＫޣҲ޷ӹ̰֣Ψȥ΢һЩ׵ˡ
׻ϣȻ飬ߣȻһŴȹâĻʶ˳ΧƻĻһ߲ʵĳ磬ǳͷȻһͷͷϵĹţͽıţƺĳּ۵޵
׵ܵʱշ·ĳƣһжͣ޳Ҳ޷ٸӦԼĴڣΨ껹Լٶڹ۲˼š
ǲһ׵ĴʱҲܵӰ죬ٶȶȻȻӴǿȴѾ֮ǰʱ·ţһƵĳͷš
ϣȻһ֮ŭ߳£ʱսֹԱ֮ǰٶȳ޳š
䣬ڻǻ޳ķߣһܣֻеһҵʹ㳹׵ʧ
ɫȫ¶̫ͳεΧ޳˼Ȧվ˻صʶ֮С
Сӣ㵽Ҫ׶ٴΣʱһϵ޳֮ǱԴռԴɾС
ܵŤ֮Ļعԭ޳ʧ̾ϢһĵĵΪƴһӳɴǰ֮¡
ߣԴɾһŻĵʹˣܳһɲЩа·ֻҪ̤ʵܽɽ磬ϧˣ
ɽ磿޳ЦһǸʲôûУֻбԴ֮Ŀռȥʲô˼
ӲɽҲԴɾ֪ΪκȻЩԴռֻǷͨɽͨ㵱ɽô𣿡
˵ţȻ֮еڶ𣺡ڸʲôѾɽʧܣֱջؽƾˣα¡


1644 
ɾģ֮·ûκθ飬Դɾڴˣ޳һ¡
ԴɾЩεĿһѹҶ˵ˣѵõӦ֮壬ܷӳԴռ䣬ȫˡ
ⷬ޳ԣɾУԼ԰ʲôæҪвԷһ£ȴɾЩͷĵʲôƨӦ֮壬ϴǸʱã󻹲ʧˡ
ԴɾһĬĵĽ͵ϴε̫żˣǿаɽ磬겻ȣ߻ħ³ҲٷͬĴˡңҸоСӰϹܱǰһߵĸԶ
ɾɻһʵЩһѲĺܣʱ
ԴɾɾǺЦᣬڷֻʣ²˸л꣬˼꣬Բðǰյġ
ɾ̾ǺðɣҾ͸Сһᣬڰ֮žͿ԰Ƕɹһˡ
˵գΧ޳Χ׺Ȼת򣬳ɴģŤ֮ӿ룬ĹӳһƬҰܵľ
޳ָײϵŤ֮һɣɾǳʲôĿģһǹˡ
ҪԼΪ˶٣ȴڽɫ˫ͫӽзĸӵڼСš
ã޳һһеĳȥкλɾ֮еĶҵѣǲܶǶ֡
֣һƾղ޳סɾŭѾ©㻹ûȥʲô
޳޷ɾ˿ԼҪֻвǵˣҷľҲȥǣǾԶڱԴռɡ
㣡ɾŭɶһɴ͸ʱյΰݺݵİ޳ƳɴѾΪư֮ܵС
ϿŰף޳ŭһҪٳȥȴһֹԴɾ̾ˣҲķѲ˶ͰһСæɡ
˵ţԽɴз˳޳ǰѾһϢĸӣ޳æ˹Ϊȹ̾
ʱĲѹĿԼ޳ʱ޳ɢһһַ˯һԵ硣
ļݺᣬæܹȥ鿴״ֻ̬ΪĹ˹ȥһֻŵڷ¡
ʱ޳ҲվƽĿһѾΪƽصεĻͷĵǰ򱻻٣˫ʧĵطʹ˳ƽɡ
Ĵʱ˵ʲô޳ԼĶӴӽɴо˳ԷѪΨ̾ϢһЦģҲ׷ˣҲ֮ǰŵԣԺս˵һԱˡ
޳´ϲԪ½Ѽս˲żüãȴʼûǿĸ֣ܹ룬һ
˵ĵǾͶлˡ
Ƭ̣Ҳ˹ָ׺޳ƽ£¶һ˿οЦݣף֣̫ˣǶû¡
˵꣬ҪվȻоһ֧ٴλԹȥ
һֻΪŤ֮Ѿ͸֧ˣ޳Ǹĵ
Ŀ˿ɵأ̾û뵽ɴǿҲˣҲ֪ûܵǣ
˵ţԶɹһȺˣΪ׵ֳ޵񼧣㲣ϴһ˿֮ɫ޳֮󣬷ڰеһ٣ϢңҿԵ峤ϰæûе
޳ףû£̫ˣأ֮񼧼һԵ磬Ȼɫһס
û£ֻǻȥˡĵĽ͵񼧲ŷֿ޳޴磬ܹ̫ˡ
ս¶ϧ̬޳Ҳζӳ£̾˵Ƿֺǰҿ¾Ҫˡ
ΪЦɫһ죺Ҫôмأ
޳εʼЦҽȥסˡ
ɫ죬ҪγѪӵĿ޳һۣԲ²˵⡣
ѾӦ޳սˣѻ٣Ԫ½ΣأؽҲˣֱӰ嶼ȥˡķ·𿴳ʲôȻЦŽ͵
ЩʧĿ޳һֹۣĵߵǰ̽һľ˼أǵĵľȫˣ֪ѹ֮ʵָܻɣ
ȴû¶̫ʧӣĥѣܹŻѾõĽˣ¶µĻЦݣпĵνΪǾˮһ㣬ǹƽģǰһ쾳ĸֺһʲôء
޳ЩĿһۣȴʱȻɴڣȴ֮ǰǰѹȸУԵƽͺͰ࣬˺Ϊһĸо
ѵľ٣Ϊٶˣ޳뵽˱ԴռԴλɾ˵ĻǿصľԶʵ֮·һյԽԽһҪΪӦľܷ
뵽޳Ҳ¶Ĵ˺򲻵ѣԲٺҵЩҵ
̫أһʱѲˣҪ뿪Ȼķзɳһǡ
񼧺һ峤ɫ䣬ΪʲôˣҪֿȴסǿǣ̾ղǰǵֵ˺ܶŤ֮
ԭˣ񼧷ޣĿǿǣǷɵǰȴһŽɫϷһȻĺɫˡ
ǣ˸ܵɢǿһʱ֮侪֣Ǵδ뵽оȻһ̺޾Ļˡ
޳̫ԾĿľΪѰһˣ׼ȴŽɫɵԼǰ˲ײԼĵ֮УҲ
ֽסˣ޳ķŻ˺ֵǮЩͬȻҲɢǿҵͨľʯҪǿϰٱǧȴѾˡ
뵽ԼѾ¶Ĳʵ޳ְѻ˵ݸģЦǰˣԺѹʵҲŻ˰ָɡ
ʲôĲŵĿ޳ɻʵ˵֮ףǽɫģԸã
ǣ޳̧ͷԶգ֮ǰ֮λɾһֱҲ￴ԼڽɴеĿһôĿЦͱ


1645 ̽
һɲĶ־Ȼ˵ٶ࣬վԼģѾҪˡ
˹峤Բɷ׷׵һҪжĲҲС
񼧵иǳСǣݵĿ޳޳Ѿһս޲ʤǿ߷緶ֳܱ˵ȣʵ塣
ټˣǰ޳ϼҶס޳ںǸһ·֮󣬺Ȼóƽĵǰȸȥһˣͻϡ
أﲻǱ𣿡ɻʵ֮ǰ棬˵ǽѾƸ
޳ЦһǰĿռ仹άȶҵһ֧ţҪȥϼ䣬į
Ŷ˼Ŀ޳һۣŵǺðɣѪѾѣҲΣգǾȳˡ
޳ֺ˸ķɳһΣȻͣʲôܿ˵ķɻص޳ߡ
޴磬Һ͸˵ˣһȥأϴһ˿ΣЩ˼Ťеޣ˵
޳һԶڶԼ΢Цģֻε̾ðɣҪСһ㣬ظĿռ䲻Ǻȶһбףɽ˳ȥ
֪ˣ񼧴ʱʵĺһСϱԹԵĵͷӦ
˳񼧵ļ룬޳һ·Ҳôµˣ˵Цһ·ܿرԵ
޳ʱѾܹɵýɫ˫ͫһΧĿռ䣬ȻʱЩ˵ǳȶ״̬ģ
Ŷ˵룬Խأռ֮еŤ֮Ϳʼ֣޳徭״̶ȵŤ֮ѾǺں񼧻Ҫȥֿ¡
Žɫ˫ͫı֮޳ҳһŤ֮ͬ·ģͨԪڴˣ·بŲᶯҡ
Ԫ飬ˣôԪ·ϤϢ޳пԪк
Сӣô첻ΪˣãԪ𣬴һ˿ϲ
ᵽΪ޳¶Ͼ֮ɫԪ̾Ԫ飬ʦҽ˱Դռ䡣
ʲôԪ£ȻԴռ䣿㲻ڿЦɣ
ôԪԣ޳æҵȷȥԳɾļһ
ɾԪɻʲôɾеϤô벻ˣãҵļִˡ
޳֪Ԫʧ˺ܶ䣬Դռֹļ䣬ȴ¶ʹӣ̣ˣ벻룬ؼһʱ
ԪϢţָƽƵĵˣָܻյΪ磬žͲʹ˰ɡ
޳Цָ˼䣬һԼʲôħҪΪˡ
ԪЩᣬĵСӣôҵõģ˵үүҵ߳Ƶһء
죬Ԫ̾˵棬ؽصʱ䣬ϸĻһ£ֽصĿռʵõӰ졣
ʲô޳һ֮ǰ˵飬ôϣԪҲʼɣɶһ˼
ͼԪŵ㷢ûУǹ¶죬أÿεıֻˣǻ̺ǳǿ˵֮˵ǴĲƷҲǱŵΣգһЩ϶ռ
Ԫôһ޳ɫһ䣬뵽еǿŻˣȻԼеʱѾúС˭֪ǲĽɴ
ջھͺˣͽɴģ϶֪ڻ˵飬ϧôϻӦ
ձʮǰˣĲһЩжѣ˶ֽţҲὫʵ˵ġ
ѵ磬ֻǸĴҵò֪һеࣿ޳Ҫȥȴֵٴαá
ΪѰ뵽޳̾Ԫ飬ԪʼȶһĳֻãߺͷиӦԵʱ䣬ҵЩͻȻͬʱԪ½Ҫ군ˡ
ԪƬ̣ŵԣһҪһ쵽֮ǰҳһеԭʱеĹԳڶһȴԲǿʼҪǰ׷һֱԶŵʱܽ⿪⡣
ʱ޳ҡͷֻǹԳһ壬ѾѶԸЩΪ֪ҪֲʲôزˣǰסһҪ˰ɡ
ԪȴֵʹΣҲҪȥһָоԼıԶʱӦкܶڣклֻǾһս֮еȻʧˡʧԭ򣬻Ԫ½Ѳԭ򡣡
ðɣȻԪҲ˵޳ûκѵɣᶨĵҾļ䣬ټʱȥԶʱһЩ񵽵ڸʲôΪʲôô
޳¶ѣԪοЦûСӣһڳеˣȥԶʱ֮һҪǵҵԸŤ֮ķҿɲԶ
޳ԪЦ㲻˵ҲģԪܹպܶġ
̸£̸һЩĴ㣬޳Ŵ뿪֮ǰԪ̸ͨʶͨģ񼧲ֻ֪ĵĵһԡ
뿪֮񼧲źʵ޴磬ղںǸͨ޶̸𣿡
޳ͷ̾ڽͱˣҿռӵԪ½ʱǶƬ½ʧġ
뵽ĩεĿ֮ɫ԰׵ĵͷЩηĻͷһԪ૵ԼԪ½϶һ𾴵ĳߣΪҲߵĿ°ɡ
޳뵽ԪʵݻǸţεĵϧѾʧˣкܶԶʱڵĹ󷨶ѾǣܹҪҳһѵԴͷҲɺܶࡣ
Ŀһͨ޶пĵһҪŬָС
޳ȻԼֺγ룬ֻһûֶΣؼĻǺԪǺһаɫʱѳΪУͲ֪ˡ
Ժ˵ȸϻضټȺһ̸Կѵķɣ޳̾Ϣһ񼧻ӻ֣ҪɳأȻǰһ
ȿȣİޱߣֵĺף⧲֮оڶһɼ֮ʱ̲ס


1646 Ԫ鸴
޳һƻӳδ֪ΣգҴ⣬ֱӵ˽ɫһ˶ĽɫӡЩƿһʮ׿ͨ
ߣɫɢ޳Ҳս񼧾ҪֵͨȻǰƾԳһŸߴӰסǵȥ·
Ӱӣ͸¶ʮĹŹ֣ûֻ֫״ǳͷ壬ͷ߸׶ÿ׶֮жͶһͬɫЩɢĿĹâ֮䣬ѾɵķΧ
޳˳ɫ˫ͫЩ߲ûκλڣȻɴıԴɣĶ׽٣ʱΪϲϣֻŶ۷壬ҪȥԿĶеͷ۵ıԴͲܡ
˺󣡡ӰҪ߳޳æ񼧺ͬʱĳɫӡͷҲصȥ
һξ֮޳ԭأߺһôߣȴȫ޷ӦֻǴһӰ
군޳ΣֻóҪסˣȴı̣˫Ŀ񣬿Ǳ˱
һĻ޳ľѣ߶εĸ֣Ԫ½ܹΪĲаˣȴɱ׿񣬶ԷĹ
ʱӰѾƵǰ޳·ˣֻӭսĳɫӡӰһ£ܿͻһһߣڽɫӡ֮ϣཻŷһΧ𵴿
ˣ绹ж٣޳սʱӰȻԣһȥǳܵ
үүҾһʲô޳һǳУֱӻؾһ䣬Ҫٶȶ֡
κܵͣҿҲжԴļһӰȻſЦ޳Ĺ˿Ϊ
ɫӡϣȴֱӴ͸ȥӰЦĸӷ׼֮嶼ǣȴܹʹñԴ˼ҪһˡСһзŽҿԸһʹ
˵󻰣޳𾪣ȴұ¶ӰȻԼĿǰǿΪʲô硣
ǲǴ󻰣Ͼͻ֪ӰЩŭٶǰƽ޳Σֻ񼧵ȥ
ߣˣѾˣӰ޳׼ܣһ³һϹ⣬Ϲܿûһ޵ͷ¡
޳ٶѾ£ȴɱ޵סʱоԼ·סһ㣬޷ƽʱİʵ
Ȼ⻹µģ޳еĻŵȴҲϹסк˼άóٶ
̵ģ񼧱ԭ𣿡޳ŭ𣬷ͻ޵ȴԽԽֱӰһһ㣬޷ٶ֡
ӰŲǿŹͷ­޳ǺЦСӣ֪˰ɣһмˣȻӱܣֱǲ
м磿޳Ͳ֪Էں˵ʲôֻǴʱ޷˼άҲóٶ쳣ֻҪ΢иͻ֮᳹У˿Ҵ⣬Ŭά
Ӱ޳ںݺݵĶԼԽоȤҲûмóʲôɱţֻ޵ظ
ȻӰȻЦ޳ŬŤͷȥȴѾǽأͨصԪʴвϵš
㣡޳ۿҪѪԷסԼˣҪԪ֣Ҫ֪ԪʱؽصĹؼһγȥԪ½Ҫˡ
ס֣һŭȣԪԪгһ֣ɢΧԪʱֹͣĿ޵֮е޳ȴΪĮ
ʲôˣſ֮ʵӰԪ֮ȻƺԼ۾ֶ˶壬ͷѳһ޴Ŀ׶̽һһߣͼȥԪʵ
Ԫ鲻ŭһҲκζӰų߻ûü壬ȻŤĲӣŤһֻ죬Ӱıȥ
ҪӰһȻ׶ȥƬ֮׶һͬŤ黨ӣϵһޡ
㣬㣡Ӱ³һţס޳޵Ҳ˿ƣ޳͵ش߶ɫ񼧴ѳ
ɵԪߣȴǳɻĿһۣ¶ʹĸɫ޳ԣæĵʵԪ飬ôˣ
Ԫ飿ԪظһԼ֣֮еɻ֮ɫʱӰлᣬ̴֮زز
ܷŹΣյļһ޳״Ԫץסˡ
Ԫ鿴һۣһᶨκθӦ³һ߲ʵĹߣԼٶ׷˲
أӰ߲ƵĲϱΣʹصԪߣȻѣֻһС֣һֻһ߲ʹƳĵĵɣҴˣĹҰɣ
Ԫһ֣߲ʹסԼڣһ⣬ԳɫȻʵղλС˵㲻ˡ
Ӱһ٣ǣСԻԪ½ĿռѾˣ֮²ðƿ޾գû뵽ĵ̣Ǹ
Ԫ½Ԫ죬¶ɫεİڰ֣ˣȥĵط̫࣬ԻԪ½ûʲôӡ˵˵ﶼЩ׼ɴڣ
ӰԪûҪɱԼ˼лּΪϵĸ壬СĻشԪ½һ׼ɺһɣǳ̫ģ峤̫ǰ֮壬̫̫׼֮塣
ߣԪԣȻŭһĵԭ̫Ǹһ˵ôоıԴôᣬˣԪ½һЩļһ
ӰڨڨЦС˸ղѾѻıԴ֮˳ȥдĹҰɡ
ԪȻҸոոգԲϡ㱾ԴģЩн֮ξһӴԺҵӰɡ
أлɣӰĲ˹ȥһ󶶶ɻӣȻоԼƵĿ޳һۣ˼һֺõĵɣǸ֮Ǹö
ԪԣĶӰһۣĵ㻹ûѧԹɫ֪ҶȤ𣿡
˵ţһһŸղŵ߲ʹߴӰڣӰŵæܣȴ޼£ɴʹһԭزϵķ塣


1647 ǧ
ɣӰʵܲʹ࣬ѾŤΪֲĳ̶ȣʱһЩɫ뵽Ŀ֮С
޳Ǻ͸ӰʱҲоԪֶ̫̣Ӱ֮ʵ˲š
Ŵ˿ԵİޱȵԪ飬ζԷһ˼䣬ȴһѪļһ
죬ԪջЩɫߣӰѵڵϣ岻ϵĹѾʹĽв
סңԺҪͼԪָ޳ԲɵӰ˵
ǣС֪ˣµӰֻܹԼ̫죬ڵϣ˵ͷ֮⣬˵һ䡣
ԪȻüͷһ壬̧ͷ˿ͨԪԪ𽥵ıС
Ҫ޳ɫһ䣬æֹȴԪַųһɫϸסѲãͷ󺹣ֻúûԪ֧ţغܿͻġ
ԪЦĿ޳һۣŵȻĵ޷Ԫ½ͲӣŤ֮Ҫģָ˰ˡ
ʲô޳һãȻĹһⲻԪ½ӣôܣѵƬ½һƬҿռ
Ԫ޳ɻ󣬲֪ǳʲôĵĽ͵Ԫ½Ǵǧһ֣ô
޳ԪȴٶԣֻǲϵĿԪС
УۿԪָԭΣ޳뵽ر֮ĺֹҲԪ½֮ǰΣ֮ȡԪӦẦڴ½ϵġ
Ԫס֣ɻĶ޳˿ûκĿԣ죬Ԫ̾û뵽ѾУðɣҾ͸ʱ䣬һȫıӻ
˵䣬񲻰֮µУ޳һǰȻϵԼȴѾǵԪˡ
ĻĵãͰ꣬ҾͲԪ½Ҳռķ
ԪЦһⲻǼ򵥵Ŀռֻأûеϵľ磬޷ת̵ġ
Դӽ뱾Դռ֮޳ѾӴ˺ܶδ֪εܣʱּԪᵽʵأӰɣǷԪ½
ֱʱԪ¶һĨʹɫ̾ܣֻǰ֮壬ȥԿ
޳лȻԪ黹һ˿ԣʹӣ֪ΪԼҲ˸
뵽Ԫ֮ǰ˵ֻȥ֮ǰϹʱҵԪ½ķʵڻָ֮ǰᵽԪ½ѺЩйأǲģ
Ԫ鿴һֱۣ۾·ڻʲôٴ˫Ŀ֮ȴֶһЩĮ֮ɫĵҼȻѾָ壬ҲȥʱͨѰʲôĪеĴˣѾ˶ֽţʹҵʲôҲ˼ҹⲼõѡ
˵ԪȻŶһۣɫһ䣺ãҵĸЩһӦˣСӣԪ½ΣղŸոյΪ֮ɡ
Ԫֳ޳һ㣬ǿаһɫУ㻯߲⣬ǣӰʧ
ǣΪǱԪ͵Ϯ޳Ҫֿȴķ֮оȻ̺ŹڱԴ֮ĴС
ʱ޳дϲ֮ǰֻѧɫԳȥЩɫԴ֮ȴ֪ݴУ֮·ϵǿ̤µľ硣
еĿƪǳ򵥣ֻǽһĹԼʣմ˵һŵĴǧ磬ڴǧ֮УڵС硣
ݣȴ޳һоȻ¼Ԫ½ǰͬҲ¶Զʱܡ
Ԫ½ڴǧģıԴ֮ԣʺУҲ˺ܶǿߡ
һսЩԪ½ڤڤ֮״ǧ³ͷԪ½һǧСС
С֮Уû˴ǧıԴ̲֮Ԫ½κܿ콵Щǿ޷һ׷취뿪ˡ
ЩΪ粻ģЩѡ֮ǰķȻٶҪϲ֪ٱֻҪ֮Ժ㣬ӳȥϣ
һЩֲѾһˣͬڹеٶȣһ׿еа
մǧ֮·߻һձԴ֮ԼǣֱܳϣԦͬ١
Ща֮ˣ龳֮ǰԭ趨õе·һڶ۷ʱǻһЩаǿдάƽɱԴ֮ʱŤй¶֮
Щɹ֮󣬱㱻˳Ϊǳ˶ֻԴ֮ҪԲ֮ˣ涼ҪǿϺܶࡣ
˵֮б㲻ἰй飬ֻǾǰ˵ıԴ֮˽һĽ͡
ΪάڵıԴ֮ʵ෱ֱֻ֣࣬ǻ֮֮ԼĿ֮
ֻıԴ֮໥ںϱ仯ֻܶ಻ͬıԴֳ֮ͬЧ
ɫԳյĽɫԴ֮һԿ֮Ϊ壬ƽ֮γɵһⱾԴܹ֮ٵպЩαȽϵ͵
޳ΪԼӵô̬ʣԭһеԴͷȻɫıԴ֮
ԪĴУֽɫıԴ֮ɣ޳뵽˱ԴռеɾԷҲͬıԴ֮ҲǸˡ
еĿƪˣʽʼ¼ɵķݳ޳ķӣƼ򵥵ĽɫڲṹȴΪɲ޵ģÿһαһ֣ҪͱͨӦıԴֻıԴܵõ
мصҪݣǲٿغɵķ޳żһͬҪԼŬǻ۵ҪֱǱ̬
Ϊֻںϱ仯γɵģ޳Ҫ볹׵ɣͱҪԺļÿһεںϱ仯̣Ҳ˿ĲֻҪһطЩԴ֮ͻʧȥƣɵԼϡ
޳亹ֱʱΪԪڻֵָ֮ô̬ȱ䣬飬ԭԺʱ޿̶ڽкļ㣬ֲֿĳ̶ȣ붼ͷۡ
˵ǺҹģֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬼ҲӦߣԪԼĴоһĹֻҪȥܹﵽɵĳ̶ȵġ
Щ֮ʱѾϣ޳ڻ֮е񼧣Ҵ뿪˽ء


1648 ص
ôˣǸأһ룬񼧲ȻѹԼ޳ڻУһ죬Ť£³ŷӵʵ
޳֮ǰֻǼŰͻض򣬲û̫֮ļӴ񼧺Ȼѣεķſ֡
ף񼧻ڸղŵ֮У޳һ֣ȥæתڿűΣ󿴿ܣ͹ﶼˣ־ɵĿ޳޴磬ղǸأ
ԪǸԻԪ½ļһϵԪ½ܣһ͸¶ȥѵ´½Լˣʱ޳ֻѡʱƭһһֶͨѣѾҸɱˡ
¶˼ɫ૵ͨôҲ߶εĸ֣ôôͱŪˣΪܸ𣿡
޳Σڵɣ˶εľ磡ʱԼŶ۷壬˵һϲµľ磬ҲһŶȡ
ȻֻɻĿ޳һ㲻ɣֻЩĵ޴磬Բ㡣
˵Ȼ뵽ʲôһŵ޳ΪʲôĹˣæڳơ
Ǹ޴磬սʱû˰ɣΪ޳½ǣĵʵ
龪һ޳ûĵһۣҵĴС㣬û²ҪСֵĺòãҪ֪˿ǻ˵İ
뵽񼧻ûȫӰľƣûп񼧣ֻû£սǱ߻кܶҪҪǾ·ɡ
Ŷ޳䵭һʧ䣬ֻ㬵ĵͷҧǸȥ
һ·ɣܿ뿪򣬽ޱߵƺ֮У֮ǰ޳ƺ˼µʱ䣬Ϊ󳤣ȻԸųһЩʵǴڵġ
ٴδƺֻһ²ʱ䣬붫ľڣϤĴغͷ羰޳һֻĸо
ǰ뿪ʱôҲ뵽Լڶ̶̵ʱھ٣췭ظΪ۷壬ʶҲͬն
ǰ޳뵽һѵԪ˵λӰԪ½ӣ
ѾϰһУܵųԪĴ𰸣ȴֲһּΪĸоһһжԼǰʧһӦò̫Զˡ
״Ĺ۲ܵһУֻоϡһ㣬ɫͷ鶼ҪϢɲһ˿֮飬ܹ޳һֱסһĹޡ
ΣȻ޳סȥɻ䣬޳ָָԶѲߵһʿϴһֵö̫ؾĵĽǣҪҶˡ
ŶãͷĴӦһ£ҲʩչʲôֻûıԼòͨһųȥ
֮ڽǵ޳񼧸Уֳж˺ܶİףһǸո˴֣ѯ֮£ŷǶԸļСΪ˿ռŤ󣬲Ѳӵѵġ
һ·ϴ޳ִʱ˼֮⣬Ԫ½ʼ̶ֲͬȵѣһеǿռĿʼ
ļ𣬵¹˲أֱӴ񼧷ɵϿգеҪصУԲߡ
վסʲôˣΪôոսеϿգȻӵһʿֳָʽĿš
޳һĨԳΪ׵ʿ۾žϲغ
ĺˣۿԽԽ˼Χ£޳εĶҡҡͷֱӷɻؼҵĺá
˵ţʿȥͨ棬ֱӴ񼧷ԼУû£㿴ĵѾӭԼߣվЩ硣
ף磬ǻˣ񼧿磬ĳȥЦ̫ˣˡ
ȻֻǿЦһûӦ޳ҲȥŰɽӭϡ
겻Ϊ˺ܶడⷢԼѾ͸޳ΪǳֻԵĸп
ŰɽЦһǣı̬ʣֻҪ㹻գҪΪ򵥡
˵ţյ޳ǰЦôǲֵõʲôˣ
޳ЦһСӣ͵͵ĺһֺֻۣǶԼЦһ±ʾӦ֪Ĳûа˵ȥ
ˣ⣬ҲڵѶĲ޳ǶԞһǵúǼǵ⡣
ֶŰɽţΪЩӿûʲôԺҪŬУﵽ۷塣
ŰɽָָԼıӣƵĵҿǷӣô̬ܺٶȰ޳ҪҲ̫˰ɡ
޳εĿЦһˣ뵽Щ֪ԽԽãӻ֣ʹɡ
޳ɫ࣬һ壬˺Ÿʲôȥǲа
ǣʿߺһεķܣԼְλȥˡ
޳Ҳ˽ȹؼﶼ֮ó֮
ʲôıǶ쾳磬ʱľ¾͸о޳ʩչ֮ĳּΪ
޳һЦ˶¶ɻɫ֣صĵλǶɹΪʲôܹ˼ɵôûбܾ֮С
˵ţָ̧һ֮ɵ֪ΪΣڣȻգʱԼǱԴռ䣬Ҳ֮Ļˡ
ɻĿŽɫԣĺ绥࿴һۣ¶˼ɫĲŵ𣿡
޳Цһָһ˦ɫĻ䣬ᴵһƮڿеĻȻѿɫм
˶֪޳ҪʲôʱֻһԪЩɫм͵ͣ٣㻥תγһС
Ĵзֳһһߣཻϣﶥ֮ʱ־ۼһٴγɽɫ
һֻ˶ĴˣֻОӵ߼֣Ȼɶ칤
ȿȣΪѣŰɽһ죬͵͵·Ϟ𲻶װͻʲôϵ
ҪȻаޱȣ˶ĿǺڰ׽ߣ֪Լʧԡ


1649 춯
У˱޳ıԴ𾪣þ˵󣬻Ϊߵ̽ĵֱĿ£Ҷ쾳ΪҲ޷
ʲôһ˵˸ӾȣŵĿ޳ǰɽĵϴ㣬Ѿ쾳ˣ
ǣ޳ЦһһӣջرԴ֮ŵʵԪ½ԶԶûбô򵥡
뿪֮ǸԻԪ½ӰѾԪȻյ򵥵˵һ顣
ְԪ齻Լ֮пƪһ飬׹ʲô֮󣬶ʱһ硣
⣬ôķ·˲˺ܶ࣬ŵĿ޳ҲΥ߲ɣ
ҲԼĵ֮ǰڽɴۿ޳ٻҲǸɫԳڶԷȴȻ˵аĴڣҲ޷ܡ
޳̾һ֪ΰοһֱػ˵ˣֿΪ˱Լ˵磬Ҳֻǰ̾һֵͷȥ֪˼ʲô
ϴ˵Щ̫Ȼˣǰɽ̿ˮĵЩһܴȥ֪ĻûȺƽٵԪ½ߺͷԼ
޳ЦһͷҲ֮ʱ⴦ռ䣬ΪľǱй¶Ϣ
ˣһ¶˼֮ɫƺԼղŽЩ˵޳Ҳѽʵ
Ԫ½ȻǴӴǧģ֪ԭӻΣѵͬԪԣŤ֮Ԫ½Ū֮ŻԳԭΣ
̾Ϣһ޳һӣ˵ĳ˼ڵλΣԪ֮ͻȡסصԪʱռ赲սӵԪ½ǱҪڼҵһ֮
ǰɽȻʵϴǶĲһɳˣ
һ˵˶ɻĿ޳׶ʲôֻ͵̧ͷɫһϲжģ
޳ͷȴΪѵĵʱڣɵĿռޡң̫ʱ˱仯֪ʱܷ㹻֮
֮ģʶ˵Ҫ𺳵Ķ࣬Ԫ½ĺƽ٣һױԪڲϼ٣޷޳֮ܲı϶˵Ŀ⡣
أ̫֮УʱҪ˵ȥ֮˵졣
޳ͷҪı취㹻öĳɳҪڰ֮ڴﵽֽԪ½ĵزС
Ȼǻ˶ûʲôãȻҪھͻְɡ˵ţӻӳһɢĻˣ˿ûκԥĵݸ޳
֣޳һ𣬿еĻˣΪ˸ӾأһظˣƽʱǾԲٰѾͳȥĶջģΪ²ҲֻһСˡ
ӹˣ޳ʱе֮лԾڲϵȻһŻ˷ųһ˿֮뿴˾ιɵġ
Ȼ֮ڽӴ˵˲䣬ŷĿĽ⣬޳֮УɫԳһŭĳХܵıԴֽ֮һ˿֮֮Уʱ׳
أһĪǺԻ֮ƺڳżʹ࣬޳ֻеһʹأ֮Ҳ֮˻صڣһйƽ·ʲôûз
ǣղ𣿡޳µʣ˿ң׷ҡͷǰɽ޳ΪŶ΢΢֣ĵʵϴǲ̫ˣ
û£ûʲô޳ڵϵĻˣֻ֮̽ٴʵĿȴģ쾳ĸ֡
ɻѣ޳ʲôȴ¶ɫȷŵĵ֮ǰ߶֮ʱҷ·ǻ˽һֻǲ̫С
Ȼˣ޳˫Ŀһ˹Ȼ⣬Ǽ򵥵ƷоȻǿĴڣԼΪԴ֮ˡ
鸴ӵĿŻˣԥŵ׻ĳⶫʱʲô⣬ѶϣҲˣ׷Īˡ
ˣԥ죬޳ǾʱȥŻˣȻ뵽Ļ˶׺ԣ֪ͻûйϵ
뵽Ҳ޷򶨣˵λǾץʱжҪ̵ʱҵ㹻ǾʯҲã̺ĵҲãֻ֮Ҫ㹻ıһŲҪŹ
ãǰɽͷǣ޳ǱģȶĳˣҲ޳ʵ٣ԼҲմ
ȴЩΪѵĵϴս˸ոճȻΪԪ½ǿѾúܶ˲Ǵĵռʯ»ŭ
ߣĺȻصĿһصģ޳ΪԪ½ЩС֮ҵңϷԻȥʰǡ
ŷģ峤벻õЩһڱˣط˶֮⣬ѾŤ֮ĻҲҲ֯ʲôս˶Կ
ݵĻ޳һҴһصԼ䣬֮ܣʶ֮С
ʱ̫ѾȻܹЩŤ֮ȴ޷գֻܴʶϿվţȥӰ쵽ط
ԶԶĶһ䣬ڶĵϣػڻ֮е׺
û𣿡޳ڶߣüʵ
εҡͷ̽壬ľǳ⣬Ҫͨ˵ٱѹôǿʵҪָҲ˰ٱ
Ļ޳֮ǰ׺Ϊ̫޷̽ʵʱ֮׺֮УԽ۲һ¡
£޳ͷųһ˿֮̽׺壬ûܵ谭һҧ֮˽ȥ
Ϻľ֮֮Ȼ˱仯ȶĽṹʼķֽԭʼֱԴ
޳һû뵽׺Ȼܱ֮ܵһ֣Ҫ֪Ԫ齻ԼĴ֮Ѿȷ˵ֻҪ֮󣬲ܵƾȥЩԴҪ͸ˡ
ѵʱ޳ò׺ʵһֱΪ׺ھϱԼ߳Σ֮Ĳֱ࣬һ㣬мĺ蹵֮ǰġ


1650 ׺ȥ
ȿȣ֮գ׺Ȼһ԰׵ɫҲԳһ˿죬Ƥ΢ƺҪŬ
Ϸ޳һϲæͷų֮Լνã׺ҪȻѣ֪Ҫá
ģڵ֮ϴ׺ߵ״̬ҲԽԽãָѾĻۿҪѹʱ򣬺Ȼ޳֮УɫԳһŭǿж֮͡
֮߱жϣ׺ֱŬ̧һأջǲʵ£ϢѾƽҲʼ޲ľ
һ̫֮޳еһͷĿѣҲСһЩ徭֮е֮ܿƵӿæ񣬵Լ״̬
֪˶ã޳Žڵ֮ȥµۣȴֻڹĵĿԼ
Ǻǣûˣ޳΢΢һЦʶĿһ׺ȴԭڵĵطѾһˡ
׺ʱˣ˵ԼδԭҪȻؼȥչһʱ䣡ε˵
һ֣ݳĿŻˣ̾׺֮ʱĿŻˣҽ㣡
ŻеĻˣ޳ǰĽѵȰ֮ջصȥӹ
أҪʱΪһŻҲߣȫˣ޳ɻʵ
ҡҡͷû˵֮ʱ˵ĿŻѾɾˣԷĵʹá
˴޳򶨣׺Ȼ֪ڲйŹ֣ΪβǰԼֱڲſ˵
Сķųһ˿֮ȥ̽еһöˣȻǻ˲ûκηӦҲûʲôŹֵ
ϲ֮£޳Դ˼ʣµŻˣг˾֮⣬Ҳûڡ
ְ֣㵽׻жң̾һ޳ĿŻ˷ڽ£ԶĵСһˡ
೤ĺ𣬶ĴһǷȻϲһ£ĿŻ˲㱻ڣ̵ʣ
Ĵһ֮󣬶ĵҲЦĵþûгԹôóԵĶˣˣԺҪһЩ
ǲ֪㰡Цһ¶ģ֪Щð˶ķգķ˶Ѫŵõ𣿡
Ĳһ壬ίĵأˣⲻǶ
治ĵǶӣ㼸ŻҲɡ
޳ȴ˼ʵģǰûôɣ
ҲƵĵǰԴӺЩѪ֮ҵԽԽˣȻҲԽԽ
Ѫйأ޳ɿ˿Զ̫֮ǰһֱΪ̫֮Է䣬ΪӴãԷֽţϸ룬Ҳ˲Ѫ
Ĵ˵ЩѪģԼ֮еǸɫԳ󣬲֪֮䵽кιϵ
ڣǾԳǽɫģʱб˾Գһɫ޳Ҫʹ֮ˣɲϣԼǰʲôϸ
ˣڼȻıֳ㹻ʳǾ֤Ѿ˿ٳɳڣҲԼļƻ޳ֱӵģԺһͺܶʯʶ֮УֻܳȥͿˣҪ̵ʱڳɳ
ģΪЩˣ˷ܵغˣ̫ˣ
ȴĵ޳Сһ޵׶㼱ιʲô
޳Цһֻð򵥵˵һ飬Ļɴ۾Ȼĵɣ⣬ԪǸһǰô𣿡
޳ǰѾһԼΪʹñԴ֮ɣȴֱ飬֪Ǻǻ
ĺȻһ£ˣҸоԪǸˣẦǵġ
޳̾ϣ˰ɡ˵ţóеõĻˣŻһʵǿĶ֪ˣпܾǴ˵е
ڳ׺֮⣬ҲûܰѻеĶмǱΣյĶ޳ǾԲ׸յġ
ѻ˵ݸ棬ŻйŹ֣պãҪĳԡ
ˣҳԣҳԡĸܵ˵ǿϢŵζèһ㣬˿ˮȲĻһС֣ҪȥǿŻˡ
У޳ǿӲĿĵС֣ĵҪ֣ⶫζȴжģȥ֮ɻֶŶ
ĵСּѵջȥĵأһҪ취Ķںܶġ
֪ˣֻҾŻ˾޳Цһַɵ̫
ʱ̫ΪҪЩŤ֮ɢ֮ѾԶԶ֮ǰ޳ϣԺ֮һûԪصĿհ׿ռ䣬Ȼɺܶ棬ȴûа
һָоԪ½Ť֮»ָԭܻ֮ع鵽ǧ֮УʱЩԪ½ԭľ񣬾ͲòʹǧڶӴˡ
ҪΪԪ½ԺķչǣǴǧͳΣҲԲһеԪֱСԣ˲֪ٱҲҪǿĶ࣬׼ʱ϶Կġ
̫ܵ޳Ť֮ɶһЩʶγһЩ΢Ťռ䣬޳Σһ֣֮ѸЩŤռһȦеŤ֮ɾ
ֻôһŤ֮Ļ֮ǿӦԵģ޳а̾ԼԱԴܴ֮ﵽԪ̶ֳȣͿԪ½ıˡ
̫޳ɰŤ֮һֶһЩŤָ֮ƽĿٴαû
ûǰɣ޳һ֮Ҳ޵ģôܰװ׵ڶԸЩŤ֮棬һݳԼķŭ
̫Ŀռһ٣ͷųһȦȵİ׹⣬ЩĴҵŤ֮ıָ̫ߡ
Ŀ̫Ť֮Ḷ́޳̬ȺǸӣڼҪ̫֮ḻڲ磬ﵷʲôӡ
һ̫һָʾʽķųһ֮ԺҪˣСıԴ֮ź򡣡
˵ţ֮һ⣬̫һ£𶯣ʶʹİİܵŤ֮սһЩ
̫޳ҲΪջ֮־ĵһۣ뿪ʶռ䣬صʵ硣
ϤķУ޳˼άҲ֮ĴУ׼ʼ


1651 Դ֮
ֱ֮ԴеĿ֮Ϊ壬ƽڳϲûʲôɣֻҪһþͿˡ
ѵǴΧĿռֱ֮֮Դ໥ƽ⣬άУһ£Ͳܰǵķ
Ԫ齻ԼĴ֮Уȷ˵ϵһֱԴ̶֮ͬȵںĽʵһġ
Ҫ֮ͱҪٳһɴıԴ֮ɵԴ򣬿ԴķͽԴ֮
ɣԴ֮ĻԴ֮Դ֮һΪŲ㣬ÿһ㣬ٳԴԽӴӦܹıԴ֮Խ࣬ٶҲԽ졣
ֱ֮ʶ֮пԴ򣬵ʱԴ֮㲻ܵռƣֻҪһȫĵطʶͿС
޳˷ܲѣ֮ǰǴӻԪ½ӰôԪ飬Ȼ֪˫ʵܴȴ㲻еԵɡ
ڲԼЩףԴ֮ϵľ࣬϶еһҪԭ
ԺҪٺܶӰּĸ֣޳ûʲôףԴ֮Լֻ֣Ҫ֮Ժ㣬ʵܳǸӰ
£޳߶ɫ˫ͫΧһɸɫɵĹ½磬һ˿֮Դ֮ĻһûκοɹõıԴ֮޷Դ֮ġ
֮ҪǿĶ࣬޳֮͵һƣǰһƬԪƿʱγһԴ
˳޳һϲСĿʼһʱԴѾֻʣһһıԴߣǿ֮͸ģʹǽɫ˫ͫҲ޷
Ҫ֮סԴе֮ȴ̳ѣıü죬ȻͣͬһλãȴڼСķΧڸٵţ޳Ϊܡ
֮ı仯ѾԶԶԪأٶȴ֮İٱԽɫ˫ͫĿҲֻǿǵ𶯽࣬Ҫ֮ͨȷĽȴһΪĵ¡
Σʧܸգ޳һЩ֮ٳȥڵֻ֮ǽɫԳԼģһ־һ֡
Լ겻ǿ󰡣޳εջ֮ǿһ̶֮ǰٽû顣
ֻǣΪѣΪϵıǿģھĹ޳ȴûС
ԪµĴһ飬ֲûйļأɸƣѵ޷ֻܱ
ģƽʱĵȴǿԴ֮Ȼʲôʱ򣿰֮Ԫ½Ҫʼ֮ǰ㹻֮ʱôĶ֪
ڷ֮ʣ޳ȻԪᵽӰڵĻԪ½ͨġ
ѵԼҪڶʱǿȣֻѧǻԪ½޳һͷ㱻ѹȥа֮·Ӧǻᱻڤڤ֮еųģԪ½Ҳᱻˡ
ˣȻ޳õĽƱҹһΪʲôˣæʶ̽ȥȴģߵǰɽ¶һɫ
ѵʲôΣ֮£޳æƣһִ򿪷š
ϴ󣬲ˣǰɽѾͷ󺹣ָŶǰȻѾ˶ڡ
ʲô޳뵽Ӱһòԣּ˿̶ͱơ
һۣȥ㿴
ĺǰɽϣǰɽû͵Щû˶֮⣬ͨߵĹûκЧ
ҲҿֻǱ˿ƵĿܶѣ֮侮Ȼһ󷨣ﾳµ֮иʹ粽С
˷еٶȼ죬գ֮ս޳ȥǰѾۼԼµսʿΪһЩͶߡ
޳տʼЩƣȻﾳε߶޷ԿΪλҪۼ˶ľӡ
ýɫ˫ͫһŷԼⷽҲ˲һڲϵĳȡʿ֮ǰԿЩǿʹá
֣ŲʿΪ͸֧εȥ˲ǵλã޳ʱŭŭغ˭⣿
ǰɽǵһμ޳Ȼʱ̲סһ£εĽ͵̫еﾳ̫٣ȲѲľۻ󡣡
ǰɽϾ֮ˣΣʱóһЩаҲ⣬οΪ˱޳ȻҲֻε̾ɽЩսʿͨѪ֮һݽߣǵǵļԺô
ǰɽ¶֮ɫԾɼֵʵûбİ취ˣԪ½ķҲҪˡ
˵ʲô޳һھңȻԪ½ķߣ
ɫأ̾һ͵֮󣬱ɨƺ֪ǿ֪֮󣬲ſʼ
޳һΪа׼ʱ䣬ĹģͻȻֵȴеļƻ
Ǳɱɣʱ˵⣬޳ΨһսǿдԼĽƣҲѾֿסˡ
뵽޳һ֮е֮սȾʼӿʱľתγһɫս¡
ǿڽɫսµĹâӳ£Ŀ͸¶ϲ֮ɫŵĵֱҵĶҪǿ֡
һԣ޳սŨ֣֮̽ûһ̺±ԴϽǹǹͷȭͷСĽɫǲϷš
ڽɴлסԼӵĽɫٴγ֣ĺȻЦѡվ˳
޳ʱѾ˲ǽɫԳǲĿеֻͼƻԪ½նɱ
ɱһŭȣ׵޳һǣЯŻصƣһǰĳڽ
ãĴЦһİԵɢ쾳ĳս
սǰǧﾳںսڸԵ֮бѾһܣȻûǰȴһʩչֽŵĸо
Щ˿ηԪĹһʮһļ壬һµĽˡ


1652 
ÿ鷽ģһ鶼ҪһŵļһǵɢŨԪϢǳйʵ֮л
ֻеǳΪʵ״̬ʱǲлȥֻҪɱЩͷĿͻ᲻ƣΪޡ
ЩϢͨʶ޳ģͷ׼һڱΧͷĿɫǹңָǹͷƿն
䣡֮Ѹͷոлʵ˲䣬ݺݵͷ­ʱѪĽαѣܵʼɢ
ս֮еǻͷһۣܵĺ
޳Ŀ磬һַλʱ֮ڣܹͷĿҲץʱ佫Щ
һʱ֮䣬޳ɫ⣬ɨս֮ǷֻȡЩͷĿ
ɱһصĳɱ֮ս޲ʤڿʼܵļʿ˫Ŀͨ죬˻ųоС
޳״˳ʹ֮Ϊ˱Լļ԰˿ûй˼ļ̺ıԴɱ죬Ȼƻֺ꣬ȴķ֮һɾ
ۿ鿪ʼܣ޳ҪٽȻеһͷĿѣһңæ鿴Լĵȴ֮Ѿһա
ʱͨûжã޳߶ԼıԴҪսȴһΪ֮ҪԵСࡣ
֮ǰֻҪͷĿһȡĻ޳Ҫʱ;ǵ½ɱ
ˣս֮£Ҫ֮Ķ࣬޳ٶȴҲ˻ϸ۲Щ顣
ų޶ܣȻǵĽʽǳ⣬һͬʱǰһһɴݿǿĳ֮£ûκεֿﾳεĸֶˡ
һν֮󣬱ʱһͬʱжƣʱһתķ磬ΧԪرңЩȵϢң޷֯ЧĽ
ȴԴӽȡеĳһ˿ĺɫ֮󣬱ЩήҵαٴͦЩͷĿ˵Ҳ˲ָ
˳ȥٶ࣬Ҳ޷Կ޳һ֮󣬲ǰɽΪθԸеԼŭҲҪóۻ
ûǰʿ֧֮ţںԿ֮У¼ֲ˼غϾҪ߶ˡ
ԽԽΣ޳ڵٳԣҲʱ򣬴ʱһֱߵĺȻ룬Ҫʼˡ
޳һѾ˿ֲѵʲôֲɣҪѯʣȴһС
ѾЩҪʼˡָָԶɫ˵
޳ĿԶȴȻķĺѾһǧ׸ߵģĺһûʵ壬յģĵҡΣһ˸еëȻʼӿ
ʱǳСѣ޳Ͳ⣬ȥʵʱ򣬲źȻķоȻ̺һ˿Դ֮
ֹıԴٻ£ڽȻͣȫжƣһַԲĽ磬ķǰǿƾνҲ岻ȥ
֮ϵȥһĳ֮УĽʵɺϵͶĿѪ⡣
Сģڳ֮Уһʵ壬ҪʼˡľĿܣ޳
ǰֹ𣿡޳ʵչذ£ѾɨԪ½ЩʵȶĴǿǣ϶ƳģҲ˵ˡ
ȻصĻӦԪʱսңģԶûн󡣡
ߣ޳ŭһѾƣǣȻô󷨺λδ֪кˣϺ󡣡
˵ţ߶Ľ磬ҪΪػǿȡһЩϢʱ䡣
Ľִӵ³һߣﾳ߶ϵĸ֣ǵԣսڻһЩ
峤Ǻһȥ峤ϳ嵽ߣ
һ˿֮ɫѾ˺۵ˣȻɫһ䣬ʵأǺһ𣿡
СΪ˱ʿݽߣѾ˹ȥһϿ̾һ˵ʵ顣
ãķûûк֮ˣ·ųǻָһЩֺãǾһɡ
󣬻ʮﾳǿߣͬƣ˿ûκԥĸϡ
ƣ޳һ͵ػӳԪصһȭĽ֮ϣǿ֮£ܿռһŤ
ǿһֻҡڼ£㻯޳вʣԣȻһŴĿĽ⡣
ǵͷȥȴѾԵУ
ĴһԵ˦磬޳æܣԼû֮ʵϺĻǲ̫ࡣ
Եת磬һŤͼ֮ǰķԵȴǶ쾳ĸ֣ջǱгһӡ
壡ۿ©޳һ㻯һ˽ȥǿ붯ʯ֮֮С
ͣڽϿգ޳ͷȥǽĻָ죬ղűгĿѾպϣٶȼ죬»ᱻ档
ʱĽ֮ǳңԪˮһ˵ǰУ岻ܵЩǽѾƤ̲סʹ
ôֲۿһ߶εĸһʹ֮Ϣҵȥ˲û֮У޳һ𣬿ƾҲҪԼⷽС
ǲ˺ֿһֺۣҲͬ˼żڵķλ
ǰһأղŵǸߺȻһʹ޳ȥȴֱֻӰʱѾʼʵ壬ǵս˿ﾳ߲
ܣһ׷޳߽ĴһҪȥú֮ǰ˺񣬿ֵܡ
סĳȵǵѾ࣬ҪЩ
峤Ϸɹȥס˵ĸ첲¡
ſңҵܵҪˣ˷˫Ŀ⣬ʹغ


1653 Ѫ
סڣĻӳһƣؿڣֿһ·ŵܵǲֻˣûںЩս𣿡
侲ϸ·˰죬̾ǣҪֲס
ȻֲסȥͿΪ֮ƣֻƻչģǲϣ˵ţָָԶʵ졣
ǣðɣһҧ¶ɫȻҵļѾЩˣھƾһҲҪ
˵ţ͵峤ǵһķɽԼٶȳġ
˱Ķ־ʵҲ׷״߶ǿһ׷ȥ
Ŀã޳ĳԪ½ǿƣԲܾʹ˻𡣡
˶һۣܿ첻ԼͬĻ⣬嵽ǰ
֮·ʱеΧŰʹ޳ǿǣҲòֳһЩָҲս
ʱϵǸɺѾ̽͸¶͸صĺ⣬׶˫Ŀ·
޳һۣ͸еһͷĿѣæɫ˫ͫٿȥȴڱԴӽ£ɺȫûκθı䣬ߴ׳쳣͸ɫâ
ȻǴ鱾Դɵ壡޳һִδǸԻԪ½ӰҲȫġ
޳֪ɺõʵԳԼ³֮⣬ڳ߿޷˺
ΨһƣɺûûгΣɱ֮У·ԴԴϵƴײ֮Уṩ
޳һۣ뵽Ӧ֮ߣҺǰȥԸãȥ·סҪǿġ
ԣӦһȥԵķѾʵսһţܿĸա
ϷŭһͷƺҪ޳״ĵá
ǰܶԸıԴ֮𣿡޳ģŵʵͰһԼ޴ҪԴ֮ҪҪѾԴ֮˸ԼУʸٸߣҲǲ·ġ
ȻЩȻĵڵѪΪϡ޷Դ֮
޳ΣֻõǾֻӲƴˣҸղýɫ˫ͫõɱԴ֮ɵģʵͬСɣһҪСӦԡ
¶Ȼ֮ɫžȻĵãϷͲҵĶ޷˺
˵ţԵӭɵϿգһȣӿĿջҵֶݵͣ٣Ե֮УƶȻ̨ס
Ƕ쾳𣿾ȻֱԪص޳пǧԼͨ׽٣ʱ˵Ҳܷӳơ
ǧ޳վһĿɺãԷֻһͷ­ƾʵǿҲûʩչֶΣֻܱĳĵĹ
ĴһԵǣԪأһıѪõüģʱҲ֪Էʲôطֻƾ豾ܵжϡ
Ѫ˻һ֪Լ޷Ȼſ죬³һŹ⡣
ʵԪû֮УٶȶȻɫһ䣬ھӿ߷ŰԵޡ
ƣվǴ̴˺⣬Ѫõۿ֮ϣ˲ʱѳѪ޳Ľɫ˫ͫע£ЩѪҺʵѾʧȥ˿ƵıԴ֮
𣡺Ȼ޳֮УɫԳХһһɰ֮ӿһǣЩѪҺתһȦ޳֮С
ǣһܵ˺֮ܶȻǺܾȴѾܹʹá
ԭˣ֮Դ֮Ҳ޳ܿЩ֮ԴɺõѪҺ
ȻЩ֮ݳĸоɷ˲޳޷˵Ĵ߶ٶȻûɫǹΣʱ̣Ҫһпõ
οЩ֮ǽɫԳչģ޳ΪẦԼޱĲݳǹѪõͷݺݴ¡
أɫǹ֮Ѫõͷ­ȻҵŤƺƴҪѣʱڲô飬һ˿ľɫ
ܣˣ޳ЦһӴȣۿǹҪѪãԷȴ͵һŤͻȻѣһѪܵͷǷģԶ
׷޳һǹϣղŵһķ˼һ֮ʱһԷʵʱʤδ֪
ջذԵѸٵԼϢղŵһķ̫ʱЩҡ
޳ӭȥ̾һ߶ΪѪǿмԼǱ֣Ѹ׷ϡ
޳һ·׷ѪıԵԷȻͣ£תͷ׶ۿ֮ѾŲ
֮䣬·һܴݳ飬˿ȴ֮ɫ
ȥɣ֮а޳Ȼ˿ɫǹ̳֮ƿգֱϮԷüġ
أü޳֣Ϊ۾ͳɽһϣԼǰ
Ӵģɫǹ޳ɽ֮УʱоһͣȻҲ޷ܵϢ
֮Ҳ·ܵʲôһ㣬ʼ˥ļ󣬽ĽɫǹԽԽ̣ʧ
⣡޳ɽ֮У嶯ãŰԼղ̫⣬Ȼ붼ûͳ˽ʱһа֮ʼľһʱ֮乥촦׷ߵԼȴҪ顣
æչɫ˫ͫӽǣ鿴Χߣȴɽ֮Уһܿ͸Ľɫ˫ͫҲܵƣֻܿȥʮ׵ľ룬棬һڡ
Լʮ׵ķΧڣһɺɫݺύγɴľ֩һĽṹ棬ϴСڲϵ߮
ĿЩԼڣռеҪ޳Լ޷Եɡ
ҪӳȥЩ޳н˼ŶԲߣڱԴ̫֮ǳԣʱǰδеһʱ֮һĪչ
棬ҲᣬΪҪֹ˵ļƻȻһЩҲʱֹͣ˶޳֡
Ҳ棡޳޵ľǿаŸԼݣɲ뱳һ壬ؽѵ
Ŷˣ㻹ûȫգȻ벻ԼݣǸһ£
޳һǸգһйϵʣҲ񣿡


1654 Ԫ
ǸԣȻһĲЦôܱУΪڤĿܣ겻գ
벻һҲǱã޳һȻָɣ
ɣҴӳʼͱƳ飬һֱڤι꣬ʹ֪ɵζأǸЦȻʲôڤǳ
޳Ϸյҳȥһ취ڤĿơ
㣿Ǹһ£·ԥʲôȻĵ㻹ûиգ޷ڵĽơ
˾Լĸ⣬޳ֻúߵ˭˵ģֻǲԸԼǰݰˣʵͿʹñԴ֮ˣղǱɫǹôͣ
ģǸȻ㣬ô˴󵨣˵ûչܸ֪Ԫ½Ϣǰղܵ췣𣿡
̥޳ͷޱȣԷȻԼİȫˣǱصľˣ־Щʧ
εĵû취Ǳ˴ʱ֮УԼǰȲѲǰյġ
ԭˣǸʼҡʵ˭֪ܴʱģһЩı֮⣬ֻר֮ˣŶЩӦͻصǧ˰ɡ˵Ĳһ䡣
޳һһԪ½˽ĻȻһ뷨ܴӴ˿Ūõܡ
뵽޳ĵһԳõļһ
ãǸظ飬ɵĵûûҲʹñԴ֮𣿡
⣬޳ȴ϶Ļش֮ڽɴм̳еģ֮ǰ޷ʹýɫ˫ͫ۲磬ȻҲõûбԴ֮
ҡҡͷЦһҲ֪Ҹ֮󣬾Ҳûм
ŶǸʧĵˣұ˼꣬ȷЩ£̸°ɡ
޳ڿʼҪרĶԴ˵ףԼͲʲô棬񣬻ûа취һָɣֻʱǻ۲㣬ƭˡ
ֻǸŻԪ½ոմӴǧиΪһС磬е˶֪룬ЩΪȽϸߵ˷׷ƿϻص˴ǧ磬Լ˺͵ӡ
˵Ǹ͸¶޾ˣأڵļ屾Ԫ½ЩλΪ峤Ҫǿľ˼ԴŰ峤Ҳûܳɹһƿϵĳ˱Դ֮峤ҵļҲ˥ȥ
޳ţзѣŶԷĽԶʱڵ½չǰ
˵Ԫ½ܵ췣ʹǧС磬Ҳ޷ܹԪص֮
ֻԪ½ԭǵ֮޷֧ӴУԪ½ʱһ֮Ĵս֮С
ЩײսȴǹؼģԴ֮Ժ󣬾ʽʼ֮·ǲǵǳսǡ
ʲôˣֻҪܹԴ֮û֮ǰΪԴԴΪҲ已̥޷ԽڴǧС֮Ľϡ
˶ΪԪ½սݽߣԴΪԱ׷ѰҿͻΪķͻһЩа
ǸɱԴ֮ĵùҲѪõ峤Լ֮£ͻΪʱ˲ѣڼɹ֮ʱҰ㣬ø³
Ѫڵļͳȥ˱շȻʼãȴֱ˼㡣
ոճΪһһϱǵϣ㱻ĴѰҼƷ꣬Ҫ󷨵ڤȥӴҲ޷ҪУʹ
֮ڤշ˼Ʒ꣬Щ˺ʵǿԴ취뿪Ԫ½֮㿪ʼĴ޼ɵĴɱ䣬ϵȡ˵ĻǣƳɹʹ
ڤܿԪ½վ˽ŸΪһǿһʱ޿̲ٵݽߵ⡣
ЩǿȥǾѰҽİ취ȻЩ֭Ҳ޷ֹ֮
Ԫ½ľȶֹ֮˼ʮ꣬һƽＫΪ͵Դ֮ҲֻԴȻӦʶյһС
ΪͻͽܿͻԴվ磬ΪԪ½µİñ˳Ϊ
ʱƣֶνĽ˻ɣ˵Ѿƿϰصǧ磬ȴþôԪ½ȥ
տʼ˻Ϊܱ˳ݵĸоЩѾﵽԴ۷ҲΣֻĵĵȴ뿪Ԫ½һ죬ԼƹԴӵĿܡ
ƺԪ½ǸλϰάȵĴ˼ʮ꣬ڰȥ̯˵
˭֪һ֮£˴һԭ֮Բ뿪Ԫ½Ǻĳͷ˿ʵһȫ෴ıԴɵ塣
֪֮󣬽ҳһţǱΪϣ뿪Ԫ½˭֪ͷȴǾˮһա
ôãĶԪ½˸飬ʱҲǳȵİԼСӦ֮
Ԫ½ԴǱ㲻ٺͽᣬһʼȫµϵѸٵԼʵ
ȻѪõڤõ֮󣬱һԣԼҲȥˣһչؾꡣ
󣬵Ѫٴαѵʱ򣬲žķڤѾɣʱȴƺԼΪ
ڤٴȥߵʱѪȴʹķԪ½ѾأԭѾȻ޴棬ǱһԱȴûжĴ½
ֱ޳źȻķ֣ԭѪõļУԪ½һڴǧеԲ壬ȻĿ£ĵж
Զʱ֮ǰԪ½ľ񶼳ƺڵΪԪǣҪڴʮ
ڤԪѾһ½֮ҲǷǳ𾪣ȻΪʵа֮·ﻹǶľηġ
ʱԪ½ʽȫΥؽ⵽췣ڤҴҵǿߣ֮£һе򣬾ǽǵ֮
ֱԴά־ƽģǧıԴ֮Ϊһġ
ԴԴ֮ʱСĿԴ򣬲ƽ⡣


1655 ȴ
һƽ⣬ͻӦӶŭʱ㽵һ췣޷ܵġ
֮ƫƫƫ棬ȻʱֻǰٳôһԴȴһؼĿ֮ͨطԶ翪ٳһƬܿƵԴ
Ȼ֪ڤǼȻ֪ԼĹѾ翪ٳԴȻҲȥάеƽ⣬ҾģǵҲûǿ̶ֳȡ
ջܿƵԴ򽥽ƻƽ⣬ЩطĿռ֮лع鱾Դʧ
Ϊ˱Ԫ½׻еĹһֱʩչ֮ƣЩʧĿռԪƳٴԪǻһ
ſռĲģԪǽԽԽСʣĿռѾά򣬽Ϊάֿռȶɴе½ضƽ̯ΪԪ½ӡ
Ū仯ԭ֮Ѿڤ˲˷磬еľ׷ĽŲһǣϣһһտǿ󵽲η췣ʱٴԽϣصǧ硣
еȥԪ½ظѲ⣬˭֪һҪȵʲôʱһǻûгɹԪ½͸ˣǰæһúõĴⷽСУҲҵ
˫ìԽԽսʵȺ۵ĽΪ̫Ԫ½Ҳûа취Щѹȥ
ⳡճ־õĴս꣬еҵʱ򣬼ǣԪ½ռҲٱıԵ
գսɳλʵǿɾǿӲֶΰս˫ѹȥЩģֱɱԴ֮ɢƲȶ
λɾȶŶѾǿ˵һܣԭڴǧ磬ֹ̫ΪԴ֮ұԴǵŭȫʹǧСС
˼ҪЩԼĿ֮󣬲ŻǻȥЩ˾ڤ粻飬ƫƫҪУһԿ
ʵǿһֱڶСУһϢϷţԶ׷١
Ϊ˳׽ߣÿһʱͻᰵһСԼĹǳΪ֮󣬱ľӶȫ׷Լ
λɾԪ½Ѱ˼꣬ȷûϢ֮󣬲ŰԪ½ѰĿȥǴӴҲȷе
λɾѹ˼ǧ꣬ʵҲٽвʣȴҲް취
ڼ䣬ΪɾѹԪ½ƽ࣬ڤٶþۻ죬Ѫÿγʱ̣ܶҴֱִ֮ٻȥͲ֪ʲôӡ
һγʱȴֽڶһޱԴ֮Ŀռ֮УΪʶ͸㲻ΪûбԴ֧֮ţ⴦ռȻܴڡ
ڽ˵Ķ棬һθߴ͸¶ϵĸ߰ӣһδԽʲôļΪ档
ʧǿʼģǵȭͷСĻˣϢ˯ȥ
ڤڳ˯֮ǰѪãҪԼĻ˲֮ٹ꣬ȷûɾܻԼ
޳ǰԶʱڵսŪˣѪõǷ׼ڤ
Ѫ̾Ҫģҵ֮Ҫʧȥˡ
޳һЦѾ͸˶Է˼ɣȻҲԺ͸ˣܱ˵ĿҪһЩ
Ѫԥĵڤյĺܣһ֮ұ϶ҵġ
ԭڵ޳Цû£ûһ仰𣿳ҪǿԳڤ֮ǰͻȥˣͲõˡ
ȥˣѪþһƺʲôΪֲ飬ĲҽС
ôˣ޳ƲʵѪ֮У˵Է޷ġ
ڤҵ˽ƣһ뷨ͻʹѪʹš
ĽΪңȴǼŵңҲȥˣ棬ǾԳһ츳ܷҰѽ֮
޳Ӧæ֮еĽɫԳ԰ûзӦ·˯һ㡣
̫ʹˣ˵㵽ԸԸңѪѾʼűʵ
찡޳ϵϵɫԳڴܸӦѪõľ񼸺ҪˣһòĴ𸴣ٸʲôӡ
棬쵰ͲҽǲǣѪõѾ˼ޣغȻˣͼ˯ȥɡ
Ȼ޳е崫һʹٿܣЩһٴγΧ˹ˣڣƻľѪ⡣
ɫԳ޳̲סһڣһХӿ֮籡˲߽ЩһİΧҲڻɾ
Ѫʧ޳ŴǰŤεѪãߵۿٴγ򣬲ѾСࡣ
ȻɱԴ֮츳ΪβϰңѪôæ޳Լһ߾ĺš
޳εʼǿԼֺγշѪãϧɫԳƺԸ⡣
ûĽɫǹܵе֮ѾǳСȻ̴棬ȴǿиɣװп̾ˣҲɱ㣬ҲȲ㣬ڤĻʲôطͿˡ
˵ʲôѪô⣬ͣҶͷ­ڴʵĲɱң
޳ͷֻͷµֿǣŶѪõȰջȥɡ
ŶѪôĻӦһ˲ʧǱ׸ߵҲεضСƴСɵߡ
ڿսǳһ̧ͷȥȻĿ޳ͶѪͷ­
ңҲܣȻϰңҾԼѰҳ·ɣѪÿ޳һۣҪ뿪
վס޳һһе󣬶ΪڤܰڤĻҵȥѪħԴ󷢣ɱġ
ðɣѪõٴʹŴ˵ڤڤĻˣڣ޾֮ɭС
˵꣬ķȫѪõͷ­С֣ڼȵŤ֮УѸٳȥ


1656 ʯɽ
޳׷ȥѪôҰʧŻ£ٿЩ֮УȻģʱɫ԰ףϢ΢Ȼˡ
ǰ޳ܹȥĵʵô£
峤ղŹ죬֮С˽͵
޳æýɫ˫ͫһĵľ֮Ѿ˺ɫæΪ֮Щ
֮ЩȴûֻǿаɱԴκɢȥ
ţɫԳҲЩǺöɣ޳ʧĿЩɢεҰο
ʧӿָܿƣ۾޳£ʱϲĵ޳ѵ˴ˡ
ǰʱΧ߲ŷӦ޳ս޲ʤٴԼǿʵ˵ˣػļ԰
ǺȻ޳ÿսʤս޲ʤ
޳һЦʱ˵ʲôܲܰʵߴҰɣƵģװǫĻӻ֣̾Ԫ½ԽԽˣǱץʱʵӦԽĺƽ١
˿飬ʱԭͷľۻ֮У޳æǰɽ󷨳ȥ
ϴʿǵ֮ɵľʯɢ֮ǰɽȻóһѪɫľʯ
޳ӹһЩеȻûлô̬ҲǼƷʯˣпһûлȥڶϣι԰ɡ
صУȥ񼧣޳Ҳټδս׵ĸӢԵͳһ£ﾳ߾Ȼٶˡ
ԼСӢۣȷЩĴڵʱ޳ɰľԪ½Իкܶµ͵ĸǱġ
Щ˴һЩƽﲻɽ¶ˮС壬һֱǱƽѭѵԲʲôͷ˾ʵҲûӡ
ֱѪõĳ֣½İЩû˰֮أŲòɽ
ٶﾳߣ˵ǿǰȴ˿ûеֿ޳Ҫ취Դ֮һս֮
򵥣٣÷ڵҪ󣬿ϧ޳ûУյģӵͳֻһһҪȴĻһжǿ̸
Լ겻ǿ󣬻Щзģؼʱ̣޳˽ҳЩʸԴ֮ˣϣԴ
Щʵ֮᲻ᱳԼŪʲôӣ޳ҲһЩģҪЩ˵꣬ҪȷǵƷû⡣
һȽѣҪ֪ЩƽʱǶĳ䰵У˽ӴҪѯǵƷɣʹʲô𰸣Ҳɾš
Ϊ֮ƣֻҵֿԲԵıʱԪ½еǿ߶ۼУȻҲ˸ԵıҪҵʲԱﲢѡ
ǳҪǰ͸¶ȥ֮˴ң޳ǰɽĸ֮ˣİԼ뷨ǡ
ʲôǰɽһֵϴҪԴ֮ˣԲУ̫Σˡ
޳ֻ΢΢һЦûмŽֿͣ⣬ͬԽܣȴܱԣϴǵȷҪñԴ֮ĸֻ֣һ˶󣬿»ɴ
޳ЦԣҲһ£ܲҵܲǿȺûıﰡ
Ȼ޳ִˣǰɽҲü֣¿˼ڤ룬кܴϵҳܲǿȵıﲻѣӵľģҪ˵ʲôûܿǲŵġ
ҲǰĸƤʱıģǲ˭Ǻˣ˭ǻһԴ֮ΪֶθǿԴ֮Ҳѱİ
޳ԽüͷûǰѲ⣬ʹΣʱ֮С
ˣҴѪ֪ʵϹѰԼڤĻˣ޾֮ɭУûˣ
ʲô˴󺧣æѯʣ޳ΣְϹʱսܽ¶˳Ծѡ
벻ĴڣǰɽижµĵԹԣҿ˯˼꣬Ԫ½ûˡ
Ҳüͷչɫصĵϴ˵֮ҳǸ޾֮ɭȥеڤˡ
޳ͷεĵϧҸû֡˵ţˣϣ֪һЩ
޳ʧǣǰɽǞ⣬˼֮ͬʱҡҡͷǰɽһʵ벻˭װƹͷ֡
Ҳûκͷɴϴ󣬷Ԫ½˻϶ۼˣǸ޾֮ɭôҲܵطɡ簤Ұȥˡ
᲻ʵ䷴ǰɽЩĿ˞һۣӡУⲻһϲļһ
޳һ֣϶ĵɣʱȣˣ⣬ֱ˹㷢ʾѰ޾֮ɭ
ãӦһȥ¡
ǣҲţ޳ֶǰɽȥͳһʯռôˣȻۼһҪġ
ǰɽԣȻüͷչЦĵϴ׼ˣЩͶļжŲٵĴ˵ϴҪã˵ȫ˳Ϊɹۡ
Ŷһϲ֮£޳æʵʲôطҿ
ãǰɽԣܿ޳޼ңλڶ߾һ֮أǰһƬȵɳĮûκ̡
ɳĮнʮǰɽͣóһƣŵдʣ󣬼һ
ɳĮ֮кȻѿһ̿Ŀӣɳȥ졣
ǰɽһЦָſڵϴȫˡ
ã޳ͷ˹ȥѿһ滹һƣͷͣڿеǰɽ
ǰɽҡҡͷϴ̫ԣˣҲҿ֮ǰǰŽȥġ
޳εǰ֮̽һƺĻ֮ȻĲµġ
ʶ̽һϲķֿƵķǳ򵥣ֻҪ㹻Ѫܴ֮򿪡
£һ߶ѪƳһΰѪ֮ľѪڽ֮ϣһƱ͸
̧ŲУǰʱһʵ磬Сɽһľʯѷڿĵ¿ռ֮УΧԪضȾļΪ档
ЩʯƷʶǳĸߣҲƷʯȸǾˡ


1657 ޾֮ɭ
ЩžԪ½ļҵ˰ɣ޳̾ϢһЩķųġ
öóԵģһͼĻҲ޳ѣֱӻһž޿ڣھʯɵСɽ֮ش
ʱ֮δĶĲͣʱѾȦϢԪأ޳Ľѡ
ʱһոŵڶٲ²ﾳǻĲడ
뵽ǧ޾֮޳ȣһҪԪ½Ƕȹƽ٣Ȼصǧ磬ٶȾԻᳬ˵
ԭϢһڻλƵķ޳ǰغأ̫ˣҪԱˡЩأȻȥ˰
˵ţһص޳ʶ֮Уڻ̫ĽĿУ˯ȥ
޳ĵͷЩȫ֮󣬶ܳˣһʣµԪϢսŲ뿪
ʱɫѾ󰵣ǰɽһĵɳĮɳӣ޳Ц߹ȥļ򣺡ɽҶЩʯ⣬˴һ
ϴڳˣǰɽ˸ǷĻӻֵǵ㹦㲻ʲôؼԪ½ĩպƽٵѹ¶Žˡ
޳Ҳǣ֮ǰЩΪһ鼫ƷʯͷѪܹĸԸ׳޷ǿԼǶɹƽ١
Ȼôκڴ޳ԼӴ˾ͱŬԲһ˿һи
ص޼ңرѾѸʾ˳ȥкܶԳƼ߾޾֮ɭ˳֣ȫƭӣû
޳ЦһߞץʱŲ飬ҪŹκֿʼ׼Ե顣
ܹǿȵıﲻ٣޳ͼǿʯͷѾˣҵģֺߵ״̬ѾָҾ񲻴ӡ
ǰʲôôˣҸ֮ɫ޳Цʵ
˫Ŀ⣬ĵڵѪѾˣʵȫָҲ򲿷ֵıԴ֮
ʲô޳ϲڷûԴĸ֣ʱȴվ˳æʵʲôԵģ
鸴ӵĿ޳һۣ֮ͬڵıԴ֮ǰɫġ
ɫ޳һ㶣ɫ֮ıԴ֮ӦþǻֻǾΣҪ˵
ɣĿ޳˼һЦá
޳ȥһ᷿֮УȴΪ֮еˣΧм峤ϻ
еôˣĵʵ
峤ıԴ֮ȻѾӺСľΪͻƾ׼
ŶĸӸˣߵǰȻڻ֮УɫȴƽҪ󣬳
ʶ̽飬񼧵ľ֮Уӿٶȼ죬ϵؿľ͵ۿͻƵһΡ
ǿ޳ڼʶԴ֮һ÷Ե̾
Ҳп˵ǰϧѪѵ̫㹻ʱ䣬»ܺЩһ
֮ǰ޷ԼаɫȴȻʣҲǿ޳ı֣ҲãҲãֻҪסĲ䣬㹻ˡ
¡¡Ȼ񼧵忪ʼ㱾Դ֮߶ľչ
ãҪʼɽˣĽŵغһЩѼ⣬ײģѶǸˡ
ͷһѪһЩڣһȻ˫ĿųĿľ⡣
ף磬޳ôأѾ𣿡񼧾ЩȻʵ
пսֱͣһסʩչ˳ȥһߺɵѾͷҪɽˣȥ档
޳ȥ˺ܿ⣬ڶϿҲ˹ͻ谵ɫʱһƬֻżһ׵磬ܻƴأճƬ̹
񼧴ʱҲ׹ϲĸԼı仯˺ǺһЩ׻ˡ
ʵһ飬֮ͨȻһ̨ףҲǿǡñ߾һΡ
Щڳˣ򲻻չǣһҪæģܵĴͲôˣҪʵ
ɵ٣ﾳ˶ף˵϶ô£Ϊȫܿȥĺ޳Ҳûȥæ˼
˳ַΧŵĿ񼧣縸ɫأֳľηȻǶ񼧵Ĺĺڴ޳һЩ뷨
Ѿ֪ٿ׵ǱԴռеԴλɾƻֺҲûжپηֻǼɫ˫ͫҪ׵еġ
ڽɫ˫ͫӽУһ߲ʵвϵıãṹ֮ӣ仯֮޳νΪģкԴ֮Ӧ׵̣ȻͿԴĹ֮
׵߲֮УԺڰıԴ֮ΪศɣϵΧתЩͼȥԪֲʱƽһȦһЩǺܾıԴ֮ͨ׵ͷųȥ׵ơ
޳Դ֮ѵĵطĪ֮Χָֻǿھ
Ȼ׵֮޳Ȼһ뷨֮еıԴ֮ǾģǺڰģǲϵԪأְЩӵıԴ֮ȥά׵ȶ
̷ǳĿ죬޳ֻǸżļ˲䣬׵з򣬵ȻһЩĵطڵ޷ϵģֻܵǿ֮ſԿס
ôһ㣬͹ģ׵Դ֮ʱܽʡܶľԸĵĳ뱾Դ֮
ֻǣΧĻ̫ӣҲ̫ȫ޳ֱֲĸӸԼ˼ҵŮڶɽٵĹؼʱ̣ô˼Լ
ֻܵȻȥ֮ˣ޳¾ѹеļýɫ˫ͫ۲ƣϣܵõĸ
ʽʼһبصĴִ׵統£վڽ·񼧽һûнκε˫ָ߸̧𣬵ƾ͵˵һס
ãĿûа׷ѣɵµһף֪ԼɹˣѪеĴ˵ģûиգѪȴˡ


1658 ױ
һ׹񼧵ûܵκ˺ҲЩ⣬мĿһ磬ֽŵĿʼ׼Ӧס
㿴񼧶ɽɣȫıԴ֮͡¶ЦݣοĶ
ܣַųһŰɫߣҲЩȻĵұɴ֮У͸оͽɫԳųǿϵû뵽ھѪ
ижǰνѲк󸣣ϧ崫죬Ѫ֮ѾΪ΢ֻ޳֡
޳ԣоЩŤų壬ȴѽԼᣬ뵽֮нɫԳǿȻʵǰ㵱ȷҾѪģ
һ㶣ЩĿһ޳ƺȻǲ⣬ǽ͵Ŷÿһ峤̳һУԸܵϢٻĽɫԳھͺϢҲȷϡ
޳Ļţսȫƾ֮ҽɫԳҲǷǳϣĻһ챳ͱһ鷳ˡ
ֵ޷ĸǰ˵ԷϾ壬ֱ˵ԼĵִΡ
¡¡صٶ˼ŵĿ񼧣ȻıԴ֮ȴվŮݣֽɰʱһԿ񱩺ףѲ˹ġ
ˣ̧ͷŲϷĽƣٶȽһ˫ֻһ԰ӿγһ硣
£ڽ֮ϣŷ⣬񼧵Ȼζһ£ϥأƺѳ
⣡¶֮ɫȻ˫ۣŵĵֻǵڶԼΪôֿ˼ѣ
޳Ҳɻ֣æýɫ˫ͫȥƣȴֽ֮УԴ֮תٶҪ֮ǰʮڽϷһƬԴ
û޳ȷϣǿطԴûκԪشڣֻԴлһɫĹ򣬷ٵԴתֱԴңĽ֯һ߱ð߲½룬һ䵽·
ǱԴ֮޳ʧɫæĶ˵ãб䣬ȥ񼧡
˵ţ޳һȥĺ绥࿴һۣ¶ԥ֮ɫɽ֮ʱǿбܵˣɽ֮˵ΪҲԺɽ٣ѶҪϼ֡
ʯ֮䣬ȻӦĳŽƵϷһۣĪĸеһ²ԥҲȥ
񼧣Σգߣ׼£޳񼧻һξ룬ֻô
ȫ׼Ӧ׵һ£ԵĿ޳Ȼɫһ䣬еڵѹȥƽʱʮ֮һò
£ֻüܣʹһĵȥ
޳ۿѣŭųֵ򣬰ͨͬʱʶ֮УҪ뿪ȻһͣתٶȶȻ
ýɫ˫ͫͷһ֮ڲɫ޳Цһ֮žתһȦЩ׷ױգתɲǺܾ֮⣬γһ硣
¡¡׷ϵĵ£޳ϣʹ֮ıǱѪģ
СģϵһеĻַųһ׹⣬޳״֪̺֮²κεֿɰ׹Լڡ
ʱѾص崺һ㣬ʹȫˣѪҲǰδеٶš
Ű׹İ޳һڻǳֵķΧεƺŹԽ֮ͬʱѳŵִĵ⣬۳һֻ̺׵֮ĳǹŻյƣ޳Ϯ
⣡ܵв޳Ҳ֪ԼҪܣһ֣ԼѾﾳŶΣҪǿеֿһЩҲΪѣοʱѾ䡣
ҳɣתǧٺòʩչɫ˫ͫڿռ䱾ʵȫգٵڿ߮Ǳ۶ɵĳǹ
ʱҲվһŵĿǰһĻǻôãδ˷׷һ˵ġ
ڵıԴ֮Ͳ࣬ղ鼱֮¼ȫ͸޳ʱҪãȻһͷĿѣһΣӿеȥ
ôˣɫһеʵ
û£ѸٵԼϢٶȷǱԴ֮ĹȣЩѡ
ĵǵĿһۣŵǶԱԴ֮˽⣬ԺҪãҪ
Ը׵ĹģĬĬĵͷֽŵĿڶܳǹ޳ǵĵףģ𣿡
ûУɫأ϶ĵֻܶɽ٣׵ȻǿȴԲ۳ɳǹ׷ܡ
Ըǽţҧ߷ߵΪҪ֣
ԣӽɴг֮Ϳʼ仯쾳ΪҲѸϡ
շӴܵ޳˿֪ڽ֮ϿԴʲôˣԷȻ׶ԸԼʵͿ϶Сӣʱŵֱۣ̺Դ֮ĳǹһУĶ
ڣ޳ٶѾ죬ȫʩչǧٱֳ֮һ㣬ʼձ׳ǹһ֡
ôһٶȵƣ޳ֵܼڣ׳ǹķзʽΪ죬ȫܱƣʱͻأתһĽǶ͵Ϯ޳ͷ۲ѡ
ڣеϣԼܹǿ׾ͿԿ絽һ̶ȣڶԿʱ򣬵ʯ֮䣬ҪļǾ˵ġ
ڻֻƾսܣȻٶȼ죬ɱˣתֿ޷ȥŪ׳ǹйɣֻͷ
һӵʱ䣬޳ѾǱ׳ŽתȦǷеĻ֮еĲǺܶ࣬Ȼʱ޿̶Ҫ׳ǹȻı䷽͸֧Ҳʼö
׺ٻ𣿡Ȼӿ켸ٶȣ׳ǹ˦һأ޳һ߳ûϢһ߶ǽƵķŭ
Ȼŭ𲢲ǷйеķŭйڴʱްҪģԴλɾע⡣
һرԴռ䣬ʵǿ󣬿ԲٿףҪԼİæʱԼҲҪæɣ޳š
޳֮ûãֺ׳ǹζһһϵ𣺡˼꣬ˡ
һ׳ǹз͸¶ʺͷŭĸӸ顣


1659 崫˵
׷޳׳ǹʱͣסڰ֮У֮ʼɢģıԴɢڿռ֮С
ʧ֮󣬳ǹ¶ȴһɫߣ֮У̽һֻԾľ֣Ȼסǵߣ˲˻ȥ
ڰȻ޳µĿžʧķڽɫ˫ͫӽУǾȻɴֱԴ֮ɵһֻ֣ûκεڣתġ
ɾлˣ޳չֺȴûκλӦԳЦһ£ɾӴúܣмںԼ
ڵϣʶ֮е񼧷ųڻ֮Уĺ˹ǵĿ񼧡
ûа취ˣðɫԴ֮ˣȴǵ㱾Դ֮Ҳֻεҡͷ
޳̾Ϣһεĵһ˿֮ڣѶסЩɫһһ
ѹɻĿŸ״޳ЩãôоͷεģҶɽʧ𣿡
ĿЦһ˴ң޳Сˡ
ɫһ죬͵͵޳ֺҲ΢ЦĿԼæͷ૵лл㣬޴硣
Сһ׮޳νİڰ֣ʾԼȫûзϣ뵽ɾǸһĵĵǸոжͱ˸ϣԺ¶ҪСΪϡ
Ҳһ£ոջΪӾѪˣȴֳ飬Щء
ŽƽʧʧĻصУ޳οһˣŻصԼļС
ϴ޾֮ɭˡ޳Ҵҵı
ģ޳ɫһ⣬е£æʣʲôط
˵ûоֻ̬ǼĴĳѪ֮е塣˫ֱȻţŬҪ
޳ԼЩףֱӵ˵ͨ˵ڣ
˼ɣͷŵ޾֮ɭļأǻŮĴе֮ҳģ˺ܶԶʱڵֻЩ̬̫죬Ҳûۼ㱻Ҳ෹Сû˹ǸŮСʱĸҪѰ޾֮ɭȻڴѰ
޳ϲĪԭ޾֮ɭйϵȻ뵽һ⣺Ԫ½ңôڶûмˣ
¶Źɫ̾Ů˵ҪػһǳҪĵطϸʣʼղԸ͸¶ࡣ
µ񣬻ʲôһӦĩպƽٸҪ𣿡޳ɻʵ
ҡҡͷҲȰ̬ȷǳ˵ǸطһʧأԪ½ͻٲ֮ء
޳һ𣬾ȻأϧԼһҪȥʸס
ʱ£ѯʞҳ޾֮ɭķ
ļأ޾֮ɭӵмѪڣͨͨ˵ķϢ֦ɢҶ㷺ķֲȺ֮УҪеļѪռܻ޾֮ɭ
޳üͷ޾֮ɭ֮޾֣ͨѪ˵鲼Ԫ½ѹѪûĴңԭռѪ
뵽ʵμһǷӵмѪ
Ůڴе伮֮źܿҳ
ðɣҪȣ޳εĻӻ֣ȥæɣˣץʱѰҿԲı
ɫӵĿ޳һۣҪ˵ʲôţվûпڣ˳ȥ
֮У޳񼧶ɽ֮ʱýɫ˫ͫ۲쵽ĽƱ仯ʩչһƣٴγһԴ֮
ʱ֮е֮Ϊϡ٣ԴЩѣ֮еĽɫԳԳҪԴ֮ܲͷһЩ֮
𣡽ɫԳһһɰ֮޳ӿž뵤ʹ
лˣ֪ΪΣ޳ʼոоԼͽɫԳ֮иңȻ˵ԼѪ֮õȴǺͬ
ڽɴ֮У뱾Դռ䣬ͨԴλɾĿ֮󣬲ű˳
֮󣬽ɫԳƾճ֣չ¶ǿıԴĸӲŵգ󣬽ɫԳΰɹΣա
ǣϸ룬ÿνɫԳĳֶҪһЩֻԼΣյʱŻųһЩ֮ƽʱȴ֮УͲ֪ʲô
̫Ľѵ޳ԽɫԳʼմһ㾯֮ģһٳһѲļһƽɫԳԸԼˡ
޳ԼϢͷų֮ŽƵӣȷֳһ֮ǣǰȭͷСһпɢԪء
ܵԪҪӿеĿհףȴ赲޳ȫȥ赲Ԫؽ룬ֺ֮ǰһܿͿٳһֻʣ´ԴԴ
Ȼ̫ķ꣬Ѿû㹻ľһһļǵĿƣ͵һ̶֮һЩԪ͸
ŷֳʮ֮ļͿάԴˣ޳ĵͷԼĲ²ⲻսƵԭԼٺܶ಻Ҫġ
㽫ǵάʮ֮Ȼֳַ֮˿ֱԴ֮ܡ
ǿĿ֮޳ʱȥҪ֮Կ֮Ϊ壬ΪıԴʱֻҪԴеһʣµںȻ֮
޳֮ʼһĲס֮ĺڰߣ㹻֧ţܹ𵴵ٶȣĵ֮𵴣һӽǸޡ
žʱзŵ֮ڳɹİѱԴסһµ
ʱ޳¶ЦݣŬûа׷ѣ֮𵴣·һöԽԽ񣬽İյֽ࣬ԱԴ֮Ҳһ
ʱˣ޳ŲĶ֮ݳԴһɹɵĺڰжϣԴС
ЩѵֵĿޱȣ֮·һ㣬һǾݣ̵ң̵㣬żʵ൱ģҵײ֮ޣͷųǿı
ã޳ղһʱָ̫֮ըԴæֳ꣬ǰԴķסʧصıԴȥ
ԴսĻ๥ġ


1660 ˵
ֹ˼ʱƣ޳ųһղʵ̫ΣˣƴȫûñԴ֮й
룬ԼҪӦ֪ҪٵԲĿռ䡣
Ҫ֪ʱ˼Ԫ½еҴߣһռ˽Թġ
һڣɫԳ͸޳֮Ҳĵ߰˰ˣŵнǵ֮಻ԡ
Σ޳ֻٴɫԳػȴһŭһ𵴣ֱε
ôƢ޳ʹסԼͷļԳҸղֻһʱ⣬Ժ󲻻˷֮ˡ
ԳûлӦ޳ȴģòһԴ֮ţԲܱ֮ơ
Գ磬ʵǳǿûİҺߵ졣ֱҪɣ޳㻻һǶȣһֱڵĴӽɫԳúôûʹ
ΣɫԳڽһȥȴʮֵķܣԵúܲͷ޳Ϸٽǣô鷳أֻҪԴ֮ʱԼͿ֮Ҳģȫ
ɫԳֵӦһ䣬ƺ޳˵ȥ
޳ͷۣѾ˵ôˣԷڵʲô˼תȴ벻ȻֻӲͷƤڱҪԴ֮ʲôΣˣҲʧȥ֮ɡ
Сӣֻһû˼ĴжѣʲôȻһϵ⴫޳һʲô˿ԴԽԼõĽƣ
æ̽ʶ鿴վһĸߴ߲ãɢǿҵıԴѸĿռ䶼ŤˣʱеһëȻŵʵ˭
ҵˣ߲ΪӲصĿһŵˣˣϻס
£һ߲⴩Ʒţ޳ֱӴ֮УʹһҪ
ǣ漴ʹ㱻ϲô棬޳ķ֣߲оȻЯУǹڱԴķš
Щżֱѩ̿޳վ⿪ػĽƣȥһȴѾһˡ
ʲô޳ɫ˫ͫ͸ߵ磬ſڻдɫȻ߲ɢġ
Щ֮У̺ıԴ֮Ϊǿ޳Ҫ֮ųȥ֮ȴ˲̲ʱʣ
ЩɫҲ˥ȥԭֱԴ֮ϵΧĿռУδκβ
޳ľѣЩɫ߲õԴ֮϶˼ߵĲΣΪˣƲסڵǿй¶һЩ
ڲɫʧ֮ǰ޳ѾͨµĹ켣жϹǼȥ˶뵽Ԫ֮ǰҲӰȥ˶олȥʲôܡ
ٴλص䣬޳ϸо߲͸ԼĴУһ֮£֣Էĵ̱Ԫ黹Ҫۺ񣬴йڱԴ֮ļغ̺޳һҲ޷ȫĹ
ʶҵڴһĴѰһҳŵĹԪĴбȽ֮£Ե꾡ࡣ
̫ˣ޳޷ţ¾Ͷ⼸оЩʵ̫꾡һ򵥵ĿԴҲ¼˸ҪעԤһЩܷԼӦĶԲߡ
磬ڿԴʱȻʱ߾ӦֹͣҸʵӴ׼õǧ׷ѡѵһӦԣӰռƽ⡣
޳Ȼ߲õ˭ûǱԴռеɾԼδʵģһõҲԽܣȴ֮ǰԵĲࡣ
ѹ֣Щ꾡ͷ۵ĵزԭͳУΪͳδǧȨĹȻС
ң޳ҲҶ϶ʹǸӵ̶ֳȣҲҪ֪ԼЩֱСĿǵ죬ɼӡ
ȫ߲ýԼĴ޳ʿɵԴ֮ʱҪƳټˣɵȲֻѧרЩȽҪĵطһ飬ɻ֮󣬱㿪ʼʽ
ͳ޳ĸоȻһ֮רż˼ӦҳһЧģ֮£ܿ˳İֱԴи֮÷֮£ʵʵԴдţҲˣɵĵԼȥ
һɣȰԴеʣ޳Ĭھ֮֮ԼصĿ֮㿪ʼں
ģһ֮޳˵ļҪæȥ˿ϣջص֮£ҪȽɫԳԼ࣬һֺһ壬ֱ˴˵ĸо
һ˼ʱ޳ŰȭͷСԴɾ֮Ҳȫջص֮С
СİΧԪطԴУûгֿռŤ޳
ŵе֮޳̾棬֣̽Լ֮һǹâȻûнɫԳ֮ǰǿңҲȴ磬ǧ仯ԺսʱҲӦˡ
ջسǹ޳ʱԴ֮˵ԴȻֻͼһԴܱȿհһƬĺá
ϧ޳겻ǿÿοٳԴֻȭͷС֮ȻҲٵĿ΢һЩս޷֧š
У취ǿȣ޳֪֮ˣȻܴԴ֮Ҫõࡣ
ٴͷѰһ޳ȴʧķֻ֣꾡һŲԴֻ֮꣬һЩùûӦš
ôԼʲôֺķѴѰһ飬һ񣬶ʱһ
ѵҲ֪ôֻ꣬ΪԶɳʧ޳ڴ
ã޳ŴʧлָεٶԴ֮ϣϤ֮ķû㹻ӦԽս
֮·УҲʱ䣬޳Լĵﶼ֮֮󣬲͵ػعʱ䣬ȥ˰¡
æĽƣȥһһзƽ˾˺¼ԼǳȻʩûнŵ顣
޳תһȻЦľڶһеȻƽ֪ͨԼ


1661 
ϴڳˡܵ޳Ϣ˹Щƣĵ
ôˣԣ޳æѯʡ
ŶȻյԪأܶطѾݽߡ
ʲô޳һ뵽ӻԪ½Ӱ²ΪӰѾԪշô
ʤʵɢʲôطˣ
ĵѾأٶȣһ¾ͻ򡣡
ֲԹְ취ҪɢڼɹʱԵ޹ʧܣſ֮оȻбԴ֮ڡ
޳üͷһ壬Ԫ½ϣԲܱԪأݺݵսȭͷã齻ȥ˰£Ϣһ¡
ЦһûµģѾϰˡ
ļ޳Цҿˡ
ˣϴҵǿȵıѾҵˣһﾳṩġȻ˵
Ŷ޳һӵУֻҪʣȫԷĵһԴ
˷ܵĵãټﾳߣ׼ǵꡣ
ЩԥĵϴҪԴ֮ȥ
޳һۣ֪Լֵ¹ˣӣЦһЩԥµıչأҵԴ֮Ѿ˵ڶ㣬ʹձԴ֮Ļ죬Ҳ㹻ʵѹȥ
ģ⾪ϲĿ޳ĵ̫ˣҲûʲôɵĵˡ
󣬞㼱ҴҵĳȥټЩﾳߣ׼Ե顣
ո뿪ĺȻ޳ĵһۣ¶Ȼɫ̽ʵʵˣ
޳ͷЦ˵Ҫڽɴһ
ʲôľȵʵʱֻҺͷ棬ʲô𣿡
޳ܣĵԷرԴռɾ
Ŷԭ˼¶ɫпĵڶɶ׽ٵʱҲ뱾Դռ䣬ֻǵʱ֪ϻбԴ֮£ԴλɾֻǼ򵥵Ĳһҵ꣬뿪ˡ
޳ֵĵѵͬڶɶ׽֮ʱҲ᲻ͬа˼ԴλɾͿԼӦ֮ˣŸλչһ¡
̾Ҳ˵Ͼһûм쾳ߣȻ֪ڱԴ׼ҵľ㡣鸴ӵĿ޳һۣ̾ʺ󳬳ˣǲԳ۵ġ
޳ʼЩԵõЦٺ٣ˡ
ˣԪõĴûʺϷıԴ֮ĺȻʵԵúǽš
ǰʵ֮ڶ̶̵İͻΪǿԪ鴫Уɾˣޱȣһ߲ãҲԭӡ
ľһɫ䣺ɾʵ˭ܰˣ
⣬޳ûа취شˣεҡͷû˵ֻǰҵ֮УҴ뿪ˡ
˵ţ޳ְص㽲һ飬̾óη̧ͷһۣѲ⣬Ȼ٣ôĹҲֻóˡ
ǺǣҲԲţϾȻзľĹڡҲָͲ֪˶õĴڣŻĵѿֲʱ;ŸֻоԴ֮ܽױԴš޳ижĵ
޳ǰʱסĵطڱչ˸ܵ޳Ϣ˳
֣һھʹ㡣޳Ҳϻֱһӣһͷ
֪޳ẦԼûκεֿ֮Уֱ۾˰죬ȻĲ
УִӺδõģٶ˫ۣʵ
޳ͷЦȲЩ㿴ܷҲԼȻɹˣҲ޷֤˿Գɹ
ãһҧһۣżķɻ֮Уչ
޴磬Ҷɽʧ֮󣬸оԼΪٴͻˣʲôð취𣿡ߵ޳ߣЩʧʵ
޳ʶ鿴һ񼧵Ϊ֮ǰҪ˲٣ԼչصʱеҲΪ̿ࡣ
վﾳߣʹôŬӵԴ֮ûеֿ
޳еѰܿҳһŹи񼧡
񼧼ĽһæĿ鿴죬Ƶĵ޴磬⹦̫ˣкܶطҶҪѺܴľܿһЩ
޳ͷЦû£ֻǿһ̶Ȳ⣬ܹѾˡ
ŷģ޳Цһתص֮УһȥԴ֮ˡ
ǰľѾǶ죬ǶҪǿ󣬰˵ֱԴ֮뿪֮޳ֿģеĹȻҪԴֻǶԷ峤ʵ֣ҪԼһЩͬС
̹ȻһЦãǾҿٴһϷɡ
޳ŷģִһȽϸ߼Դ֮ģֻһܿͻعȻŵЦԴ֮ԭ˼򵥡
޳׼Դ֮ǿȣĵΪ磬϶Ҫǿܶ࣬ҲҪϲ٣ܵĵ̫ˣǰ˿ĿУܿԴΪԴ
Դ򱻻٣סϲ˵лЩʧģֱʱŻָһ˿߷ɣȻĵһ˳ĻöãܳԴʱȻΪԪ½Կĩպƽٶ
޳ЦҾͲˣһʲôѣһҪʱ֪ͨңһѰҽİ취
ãĵͷ޳һת֮УԼĶŮһͬ
뿪ס֮أ޳ּүүͼһ棬ǺúػסԼҪȥѰҶԸİ취Ҵȥ
뿪֮޳ɫ˫ͫ۲ܵ磬ԪѾüΪϡάֿռȶֱԴ֮Ҳȶ˻ҵļ
ȥԪѽصµԪȡԪ½ʱͻ֮У޳зּ࣬ӿ˼˹ȥ
һºĻú֮ϣͷǰѾյ֣æٶȣһ㿿


1662 
ſ޳ڷĲ̺֮һɺɫıԴ֮һܿ͸ﱾʵĽɫ˫ͫҲʧȥãֻܿԼһ˿
޳Ҵ⣬ͣ棬ųʶ鿴֮еԪڱѸ׳ǹɱԴ֮
һͷ޴ĺˮ棬˿֪֮У޳ĿѸ˥ȥ֮ʧȥϢֱֱˮС
ù޳ľѣۿɢæųһѺ޵ʬǣһء
޳ýɫ˫ͫ۲캣޵״Ȼʧɫһţ֮⣬ûвʲôŹֵıԴ
޳ǾֻжԱԴյǳߵĳ̶ȣ˲ۼʴʱԼ޷ģÿʩչ֮޷ȫЧãһЩǵɢʧ
ԷһԴĻԴ֮϶Ѿ֮ϣ޳Уܿжϡ
Դ֮ÿһʵ޴޳Դһεľ磬϶ԷԿȫûκʤģͨһ֮Ӿ֮ǣԼ
޳ͶԷΨһƾ֮еУ˿ֻϣ̺Ĵ֮Упķ
һߺˣķΧ֮⣬һ߹۲Щɵĺ޵ʬ壬УѰҽ취
˼ʱۿɫְ΢Ĺ֮£ɢٶȶȻӿ죬ڳ˼֮е޳һ벻㱻ϡ
ʱ䣬ܵӿɫԴ֮۳Ŀ˷޳ӿ˹Χס
Դ֮ܣ޳æתԴһεһ֮е֮ӿһɫĽ磬Լ
ЩɫԴնܣ˿ûȴһſצĳţȴԴնεĵ¡
ʱûʲôΣյ޳ȴѣԴնȻȴҪ֮ά֣ЩɫΧ£˰µ֮ϱģĹ򣬾ֻʣһ벻
޳֧ŵʱĺ󷽣һõӰΨΨŵŵվһߣηĵɣҪֲסˣҪҪס֣
ĿӰһۣõĺǳĸѾһ£ʲôʱʲô£Լûи𣿡
С֪ˣӷŭĸӰ³һţսսĵˣûпڣͲ᳷ȥ⣬Ҳɶ޳Ŀ顣
Ԫ飬õԻԪ½ѾշǸӰߡ
ʱԪɢƣҪȸոոյʱҪǿϴ֮ɫĵĸոսҪĲ˵޳꣬Իȥ
ĸһ£תԥĳ죬ֲ˵Ϊ˱òԪԼ˽ƣʱѾ׵Ϊ˶Էūͣȫûܵϣ
ԪƢּΪ߰ܶʱֻǼ򵥵´һȴֲ˵ĸ˴֮ȴĳͷ˿Ļᡣ
ȻԪĿУһȴĸĿ飬ˣٴίҲ޿κΣֻþĴĦԪ˼һЩƤ֮ࡣ
͵͵һԪ飬ĸп̾һ޳Ȼ֣ԪĹŹƢַˣΪСĵĿЩɫӴ˶޳Ľ
飡޳ԴնܵıȴɫĹֹе֮ģݽߡ
ȻЩɫȥ޳ɻýɫ˫ͫ鿴ܣȴ֮еĺɫн壬ɢСΣɢ뿪
û˼ȥЩ仯ԭ޳һ߶ʣ֮͵ʩչǧ٣ȥ
䣡һڼе޳֮Уһ٣㱻ɢ˻ǣЩɫȴ֮뱬ѣɫ
ʲô޳ܵΧûбԴ֮Ϣɻһ䣬Ҫʩչǧ٣Ȼһûκ׵ѡ
˲䣬ڣ޳ʹһֻо֮з·ڿ񱼣ͻƻ
ܿ죬޳ĵҲǣĪ׵֮֮£鿪
ʧأ޷һЩŻ壬ֽһ㣬ܿ챻ʴãգ֮ͻޡ
٣޳ʱʧȥ˺ϵ֮У֪Ǻá
֮УɫԳŭһɫ⣬˳ʱ䣬ɢĿۡ
л޳ܵĺһ䣬ͽɫںϣٴλָжٶʩչɫ˫ͫȴξȻܹ͸
ַΧ㣬ɫ˫ͫ޷ıԵ֮£úеĺ޷׷ױ
ˣ̰ԪأһɹɺɫıԴ۳ӿ󷽡
ɫʴЩɫҲӶ޳֪Ǹᣬеһɹȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬޳ɳǧǰѾƬúıԵȻܵһϤϢ
Ԫ飿ԺѰƬ̣޳ȷϢ彻ӣϣҪԪŪģԪ½ûϣˡ
һΣ޳úߣǰĵȴվһӣ鸴ӵĿԼ
Ǻˣ޳ɫǹٿǻǰʵ
޴ˣСԪ½Ǹߣڽغ棬ԽĸԪɸȡ֡Ǹӿ޳һۣȻһݣΪϵ˵
㣿޳ϸһȻǰȻһΣȴ޵ģܣֳԪأ
ŶԪɲ¶棬ֻڴ˵صȺԪ֣ĸζһ£Ź˵
ԪûĸֹŹ֣޳Ҵ⣬Žɫǹʵô֪һѵЩģ
޳ϴŭ⣬ĸϻ̳Ͽ֣æͣСȫԪɵ£
ʲô޳һҧŭ˵ԪôԪ½ָָĻúʱ޵ʬ壬Ǳ֮֮Ĳ̬
ĸæģС˼ЩıⲻǺˣ෴Ϊ˰Ԫ½һЩʱ䡣
ô޳Ŀʵ
ģĸСĿ޳ĵĽ͵ǰԪ½λɾȻ⵽ݺԴɾɾ֪ȥ򡣡
˵ĸͣһ£۲޳ķӦֻĿԼû̫Ծ


1663 
ĸЩĽŵԪɸӦɾ䣬ǽıڼǰõָ㣬ѧһԿ󷨣λɾǱвŻѵġ
޳鲻䣬ȴѾԼ²ĲɾôϣŰиԼ˲⡣
ֻĸŵѾڳӣҵʱȡһЩʱ䡣
ԭˣ޳Żʵһʲô
ĸ¶ʹĻɫ˵ĵʱԪ½ͻҵļһԴ֮׻ңֱӻ𡣡
ʲô뵽ֲֿĩվ޳̲ס˼ŷŭĵȻôݣԪ½٣ʲôô
ĸ޳æ͵ɲҪżһӣǻĸµʱ׼
ĸ£޳ЦһѾս֮׳оʯգȴûгɳ޷ڶ˿ڡ
ĸ뵽ԷʵǿȻܹС֮䴩󣬿϶ʶʵԸ㵽̺Ԫصľʯ𣿡
ʯĸһ㶣ȻЦ޴˵ЦˣֶѭȻγɵģԪ½ǿ߶Ͷ˶ǿ϶Ҳ˾ʯִӺδѰҡ
޳һۣõĵ㲻ܴС֮ܲȥһЩ
ĸɫһ䣬ΪѵĵС֮ĽϰȻǧôȴǼѴģҵʱΪ˶ܻԪ½ĿռƴԪ½ʵȴҲ½˺ܶࡣ
ȣ޳Ҫѯʹڽϵ飬ȻԶһԣĸһվֱ壬³һźɫŵĶ޳޴ˣеĻ˾Щ԰ɢе񡣡
ɫŷɵ޳ǰֽסȻбԴڽɫ˫ͫĿȴûбֳκɫĹߣƺǵһ塣
ɻʵʲô
ĸ޳еĺɫţЩĵСıԴĽԿ
޳æһ־Ȼûκμأ֪һΥа֮õĵΪЩº˲ɣ
ûûУĸԵ÷ǳż⣺ԴӸԪɣС˾Ͷаʼջ⵽췣㲻Ĵа
޳ŵĿһۣŰŽʶ֮УûٷĸҲҪ꣬øճɳ
޳½ĸЩ۵ĵ޴ˣԪɽС˵Ѿ꣬Ҫˡ
˵ţλ͸޳æʵһ£С֮ĽҪͻƣ
ĸûлӦʧ޳ĴһҲûиӦϢԪ飬͸ײβ
Σ֪Զ޺޳Ҳһ£й۲һȴоȻʧɻȥ
һº޳ص򣬷һﾳȺɹȥЩ˿
ϴڻˣ̫ˡǰɽææĸϹĿ޳Ҿ֪ϴս޲ʤ϶Щɢ˰ɣ
޳һۣλģԶûΣᱣǡ
ʲôȻдӳһɻĵܰۿźܶ˱ɣܿˡ
޳εĿ̾һҪԿһв󷨣һҪ˵Բ𡣡
Ǹһ£ŵȻˣǾˡ˵ţЩȻȥ
߼״Ҳ鸴ӣǰɽȻչ޳ϴڶĻ̻̣ܶ˵ļ԰˶ˣòҪʵ顣
޳һ׹мǰɽļ򣬲Ŷ˵λԪ½ƽٽ٣ҪɹһѣͱҪͬЭԺһǽֻͣϣǲҪ˵ȥ
ǻ࿴һ˵ףĲңģǲ˵ȥġ˵ǲǣƺЩ˼״׷ױʾ⡣
޳ЩĹעˣľѾﾳŶγڣԼΣνǾǿߡ
֪Σ޳аȰȰȥֵסʣλ̨γƺ
һ㶣ȻЦҽ磬һҰСѣҺֵܡ
޳һЦ˵ĺøдΣ֮ʣֻҪһԿĩպƽٵˣ޳ֵܣʵǿЩķɼƷвǸѵõ˲š
ܳæģңֻѭѵ¹䣬ԲӮôҵ
޳⣬ĬĬѴ˻ΪԴķ룬ĿһۣŷɻضС
⣬ҿˣ޳һصңȽ⣬ĴС飬۾ϸľ޳ʡȥ˺ܶ鷳ΣԶԞġ
ϴˣЩƣȴܣɼҲʺϹְ񣬿ȫĵͶУᷳ
޳״ֱ̬ʵЩﾳߵԽеˣ
ԣӻóһᣬ޳͵һʮŸﾳߣҰжһһ˲ԣǽ
޳Ľӹᣬ¼ʶֻԼķﻹЩӡ
Щ棬дһžŸ֣д󲿷Ǵĵ֮ģֻʮģʮ߹
ֻǣֲʲô޳ʵЩ־Ǵǵǿ𣿡
ͷóһ鿴ȥǳͨľʯݸ޳Щпĵǲıʯߵǿȶı̬
޳ĽӹʯУʱоʯͷأòһЩס
Цϴû뵽ɣⶫҲ֪ʲôƵģԷǳŹ֣˿Բǿ֮⣬ûкӴʱͻӴٱ
Ŷ޳ɻ󣬳ȥȻеĻʯȻأѹģͣҪĳڵϡ
޳ִ߶ʯʵֱһУһʯȻҵ
ǿɴ˫Ŀϴһǵһμʯֱ仯˶ǿ


1664 
ʯߵǳУǿԽߣķӦԽңңͬĻ񡣡⼤Ľ͵
޳еĻԽԽҲܲѣԼһǿȲû뵽ȴĿǰǿġ
Żʯ𶯣ޱȵοʼڻγһõڿƮ۳һֻվԳģ
һĻ޳ͬ͞ʱһ㶣ǰȻǻԼݣ򲻿˼ĵϴ˲Ļ붼ΣΪȴǡû˵ȥ޳ȴѾƲѡ
ջʧһͨʯͷ޳ûл⣬ֱӰʯʵݻʯķӦҵǿǼģ
̾ߵʮڵĶֻǰϴһ
Ŷ޳а㣬Դ֮һΪŲ㣬ԼǿѾ˵һ󣬲֪ʲôط
ʵأԹ𣿡
Ƭ̣Թˣǰ˼߼
޳ͷѾԴ֮ˣڱչֻҪԴ֮Ϳ֪Դ֮ǿȵĻҪˡ
ʱͷ޳뵽ղڤʯ޾֮ɭ˞һۣȻʵŮǻûзҵѪķ𣿡
ԣ¶ɫ޳״һæʣôˣ
ҧҧ˹ߣ֮ܶ˶ʧȥΪѪҲ𽥿ݽߡ
ʲô޳ɴ˫Ŀһʱ뵽Ϊתһ룬뷨ĸٿصģѾԪ飬Ҫ֮ҲûбҪ̫յ
Ҫȥһˡ޳˼ȥǾȥ򿴿Ԫ½ΣҪеĴоԶȻҲĵ̺ͺ֣ܶ׵ķ
ȴĵϴĿռѾŤ˵ʲôļһһȥ»Σհ
޳һЦΪˣҲŸҪȥСС鷳ˣô쵼Ԫ½ȹĩպƽ١
εĿ޳ŵǺðɣ֪ϴƢľǲ׸ıģȻˣͶһЩﾳǿǰɣҺǰɽػöġ
޳ͷûԴΪ¶һеĵزֿᣬҵյ֣ǿѾǰ˼һ
ã⣬ö׼һ£֮ͳ޳ԞЦһ⣬ɳš
ɵϿգ޳ųʶܳϢж˺ܶǿߣﾳߴۼڳһҲС
޳ڳʮ㣬һˣ޳շųһʶɳ˳ǡ
Ӻ󣬶ڳһƬм棬ɻĿ޳ʵʲô£
޳һЦַųһ⣬͵ԷǰǱԴ֮㿴ܷ
ʲôվĪɴ˫ĿǰһŽ⣬ڻûеֿԼС
Ƭۣ֮ĵĴ𣿡
޳ӣаֻ̾Ǵ˵ѣУǲ˸̵ᡣ
Դ֮ĵһ㣬ѾɹǶ֮ҪԴ֣Բ޳͵
Ϊʲôѡңյʿĸ֣ľܿƽ˫Ŀų⣬ȵʵ
޳ĿһۣŵƷԲҲϣԼĵˣ㶮á
ԭˣ͸Ȼ֮ɫᶨĵģһᾡԴ֮
Ŷһ񣬲ŷȥ
֮Уϸ˼Դ֮оĲˣž͵ϥ£ʽʼ
繦֮޳ס֮أּеĳ϶ػ֮⣬ĵȴû¶档
޳ãһ鸴ӵĿһۣ΢΢װݵ
ǰأ翴ҵķʵ
¶ɫ峤ǶڱչѾˣûʲô
ʲô޳ʱ䣬Լ뿪ȥ֮̽ʱҲһ£ѵԴӴ֮ǾһֱڱչأԼٶһȽϣôô
ǲ飿ҪҪ峤ǳæ峤ϼ޳¶˼ʵ֪ȥԸģûгɹͱ峤гˡ
޳һ㶣æҡͷû£һºͻ򣬲˺еǿԷģͻṫ
峤ųһƽĶۣǵ峤͹СڱչһŷǳĹһɹʵؽǣǾԲڴǵġ
Ȼ˻ûɹ޳ҲͲپᣬһҪ뿪ȻҵŴ򿪣һϵӰ˳
峤峤Ǽˣ׷¶ȻɫϵӰģ֮ǰҪԵƣϵܲΨ˫Ŀ͸ɡ
Ķ˵ͷߵ޳ǰ͸¶޲ĵ޳ҵѪ֮ǳûа취ԴľѪٳԴȴû
ʲô޳ɫ䣬ֿңʵأ
ᵽԼĶŮüͷչЦѾԼıԴ֮ڼԴҲȶ׼һС
޳ŷģýɫ˫ͫ鿴״߲ޱȣֻо͵Ͼ׳в²Ÿֿܣȴһʱ֮ûҵԵɡ
죬̾ǰҪ̫ģһǿûп޷Դ֮ģٴѰһ϶ҵİ취
ĿЦһȺķ̫ʱ䣬ҪҪӦĩպƽ档
޳ɫصĵͷɫǣ֮ҵĺϢɡ
뿪֮أ޳صУеѰСʱڼƫƧĵطҵ˼ء
ӵǿ꣬ȴ޷ԴԴܵԭֻһǾ߱ıԴ㡣
޳ϲǲΰ룬ϲҵ޷һ֢ڣԭ˵Ĵһ£Ѫϡ޷ṩ㹻ıԴΧиֱԴ
޳ǵȴǣֻаԴ֮㣬ܰԼıԴ͸ʹãǸλңԶʱ޷ĵġ
ڣٶһ˿ԴֻƽʱЩǳŵģϣ
Դ֮ڳŵıԴ֮Żѡ


1665 ʯ
Ȼ޳뵽գԴ֪֮ıԴ֧һ㱾Դ֮
ֻǣղŸտʼڳŵıԴδѣ޳Ľɫ˫ͫҲ޷㲻ȥ
صУ޳ʶֶĳɳ˲٣Ҫǲ̫࣬ʵϴγôʯôųô㣿
ίĵҲ֪ˣֶˡ
޳ΣڶеļƷʯˣܲȥЩ߰ʣµļҵ׶ɡ
ֻȭͷСĶı壬޳зԪ½ڵϣھ֮Ѿ£ʮΣ
İɣһŬѰҸ㲹䡣޳Զĳֿ˿̫ûʲô࣬óõǿˣ׼
ʶ֮У޳һӣųĸԼĽɫıԴڽɫ˫ͫȴûֻһ
Դˣ޳Ҳûҵؼأֻʱɻ󣬻ýʯ
ɫһĽ޳½ûڰյĻʯȻʯҵзһǺ֮
޳ͷһϴ֮̽ʯԼԿڼԷֱ߶γһԴնܡ
ֶѾ߹ĶĺͻСģĶΣգǺһЩ
ˣʯͷܺó԰ȴͣԭأ뿪һߣСӣûʯʵǿĹ޳ҪСģǻǲҪ鷳ˡ
뿪֮޳Űĸ˵ķƽ۳СĺɫһŻʯı档
໣Ǻһ˿ŭţһɻɫԻʯ֮зڱȫɢ
޳һֱǳСģڻɫֵ˲䣬ͼӴԴնܵķ֮£ʱеԼ֮˹룬Щࡣ
ȳ޳ʶ֮пռӿŤ֮һãʱ֮е̫Ȼųɽ⣬ٵڿռ裬ʱͰЩŤ֮ȫշ
ֶ̫˺ܶŤ֮޳һпԿŤ̫֮ڣղŵĻɫҪԼʶˡ
Сģڷǹɻɫ֮˳֮У޳еĽҲһЩʣµĽȫһİѻʯΧסûС
ѻʯΧܲ͸磬޳Ȼһе﷢˽ʱ䣬ۿУǧڵͬʱĿʼӿһĳŻʯ
䣡Σʯֿʼ˾ҵ𵴣޳Ӵ׼Ӧ֮ʱȻԺһͨ쳹ص𶯣ǰһڣ˹ȥ
֪˶ã޳űһѣ˫ۣȴĿһɼΪȻ⣬˿ԼһƬޱ޼ʵɭ֮Уȫϰ׸ߵĲĶɭ֮лԾţеĻĿߣƺͲܵ˺
޳վʹԼĶͷڻ֮ǰ飬Ȼɫһ䣬ˣԼ׼ʯʱ򣬱һֵιȥˡ
ɫ˫ͫȴȻķƬɭУԼѾ޷͸ﱾʣеĹޣڽɫ˫ͫҰУԭӡ
⣿ﵽʲôط޳һɫ˫ͫ޷͸磬֮в־
ٿԼ壬͵ﶼֻǵ֮еּ֮һЩҲڵֵʱĵġ
޳֣ųץסһֻͼԼĻǣǻǺȻץʱﻹŭĽ
ΧĶ״׷׷һӿʶȻֵһﲻǣ˿̲ߣȺʱ
޳еĻǵȴϵĴ󣬼ҪͨĴʮòӴһЩöԷʵ
޳Ҫ֮̽ǵ״֮ʱȻŴ죬³һŻɫ壬δ֪磬޳Ҵ⣬ԴնܣȴûЧ
ʱܵ޳ɫһŸе̺֮һ˿ɫıԴ֮۳ϻСٱ͸ƤԼľ
һ֮žתܰЩȫżӴ˶лǵĿƣĶԣвغιʲôط
໣ɫܴ죬֪ǰֻƾյ캿Уȴûзκ
޳ΣԼҲˣɴ͵һϣֱӴʩչһЩСƤɭһЩֱ֦ӿˣ׼ӡ
һ⿾ãζĲ޳ͷһĵطһľ׮
ţһ΢Ľƺĳڽ޳ûᣬȻʹñԴ֮ȴҲ޷Լͨ͸Ҳˡ
ֳһۿֻȶ˶ǣһУ޳Ųѭ̧ͷȥȴһŲ棬һֻɫվ֦棬ı󻹳һ԰͸ĳ
ģС޳һһԱߣԷƺһҡҰڣȥ
޳ЦĿץס֦Ҫ䣬˫Ÿһ˵죬Ҳһ⣬˲ַɻ֦
һĻ޳ĿɿڴСٶѾﾳߣ֮СضҲСĿղûɢκϢġ
СĿ޳е⣬˿ˮȴԶԶĶ㿪ƺǳ¡
޳оЦ˺һݸԥƬ̣ڻܲջһ߹ѸٵС֣ס⣬ֻһ⣬ɵһ֦ϣѸٵİ£촽¶ǳı顣
˵Ļ𣿡޳ֵݹȥһ⣬һʵ
Се⣬һ죬˼ĽӹȥγԵľͺˣСһһϣƺƷζ
˰죬޳һڳԵ⣬СȻһӲų꣬һãĿ޳öлл
˵̫ˣ޳ǰһҵԽˣȻԷСЩųվֱӹԼĻǺ˺ܶࡣ
ָָܣ̽ʵʲôط
Сɴ۾ɻĿ޳ȻĵǷ֮أΥ˶ᱻؽ
˵ţָָյ̫ƺУ̫ʹ


1666 ֮
޳ԺȻããɭ֣ȻģԼôأֿСʣ㣬ҲǱؽߣ
СԳʹɫش𣺡ڷ֮سģҵ֪ʮ꣬Ŵһ
޳Сӣ֪ΪЩֵ̣ݸһ⣬ҪЩʲôСȻ䣬ʱɫһ䣬æһ
ʱ䣬˫֮ɢĻɫܿ
޳ҪõֿȴСñԴ֮Ҫˡ
޳һ£Ҫʶ̽һ£ȴɫֹԼòվԭء
ˣ洫֮Ű׸ߵĹҲһС֦ҡڣ֣ȴı죬ҷ
޳֮У֪ʲôˣŪĶͷ϶СˣҲҪǧء
ˣصĽŲͣͣ޳·СģҲŽһһĺ̵ģ˭ѱĻҽɱˣҳ⣬𣿡
ʱһľ޳⣬ѹƥǻʹñԴ֮ԭνµһСͷĿ
ֵȴһйֳܴĶŷ߷ߵ뿪ʧСųһٴ궯˫𶯣Χɫ˻ȥ
ٿܣ޳ķٿŹѾնϣ˵ĵڵϣЩϿҲǳĹ⻬֪Էõʲô߷
ˣСµĿŵµһ޴ӡȻ޳һЦˣıǿ󣬾Ȼɱ´󽫡
޳ӵνĵ˵һССղΪ˱㣬ֱӾͿ԰ǸҲһͬɵ
Сȵĳ죬ŵĿ޳죬¶ŹЦݣãɼΣԪ½Ҳһǿߣ֮أкܶණǺ治ͬģ֮ǰĳʶ£»죬ôĶ֪
޳һЦСȻת䣬Ȼ֪Է˼϶ǼԼʵǿҪһɽԼҲöԷ֮زϤҲǲС
Ҹôأͨһ㣬޳Ϊѵ
СһЦɵ޳ϣС°ͣһϳɵӣⲻȻ첻ȴʤھḻĴжļ¼ֻҪҵĻ֤ĺܺá
޳һ֣ãԺ͸˰
С޳ϣЦãԺҾֵˣҽөأ
޳޳ȻıԼ֡
өԣȻһ£ЦֺȤָָɭֵĶǱأҼѰһЩԴֵģϧµǽ֣òҿɱ
޳ԣɻ󣬲ʱҲǼʵʱ򣬱ʩչǧ٣ө򶫷
ʱ󣬶ɭֵıԵǰһƬޣ޵һ޴ĵģөȫһ£̬ȴϵĶࡣ
ҵˡөŵ˼£ͷ޳֮زκγԽȻڣеıԴ֮Ԫأᱻգ󳤳Դ֣ǾǿԴеġ
޳ͷ֪ԼΪ޷͸ΧﱾʣԭûбԴ֮ө߽֮Уһֱͨˮµͨ
֮ͨУө˫ɢɫӫ⣬ҫΧ磬޳ʱ֣ͨıھȻǰ׹ɣûκη϶ֱ޷졣
ͨһֱ½˰ʱûеףƺ׹ǣ޳̲סʵͨİ׹ǵ˭ģҲ̫˰ɡ
ն½ٶȣ޳Եļ׹ͨϰﳤĳĹıֱˣ²ҪκΪƾͿѹﾳˡ
өԣȴǻ㱵ҡҡͷ֪Դҵȱ֮أ׹ͨһֱڣԶʱڵľʬɡ
һ޳Ÿܵ·һ΢֪ҪˣȻөСһ㣬Щ硣
޳ԣʱæʩչǧ٣Щ½ԽҲԽԽ䣬Ѿʼ˱˪ѩҲʼɫ
Ϊڰɫ֮СөһĶ֮ջͷ޳һۣûˣЩ˵
޳һЦЩķľ֮УټǧٵܣȻη塣
ˣڣһ֮ϣߣөû˿ͣٵĳһɹȥ
޳ټӣ֪վƺΣգҲԥʩչϣո뿪͸ԽܵĶйγ磬еǲϣ󲿷ֱ֮Уֻмٲ֣Ű׹ͨӿȥ
ߣһΪĶѨ޳ŷ֣泤ɫ滹ʮɢɫâĹӡ
өĸӺСɵվڹ棬֮ͣ󣬲һɵĶ޳ЦˣѾؼˣģǳȫҵġ
޳ҲǣһǧԪ½ͲܴڣǷ֮صĻþ֪ܹôһĵطҲٺġ
棬޳Աߵ̹ҪȥժөȻһ߷ߵķɹҪʲô
޳һ£өŭӣͣоǳЦջ֣ʵЩӺ𣿡
ȻˣөҵļʮԴ֣ϧǶѾˣֻʣһЩԴҲûá˵ţɫ¶ɫ
ԭǼԪغͱԴ֮Դ֣޳Ϊ⣬ȴĶөղǸҪԼƴӣֻס
ǣΪβЩԴȫΪ֮ȥأ޳뵽һ⣬ʵ
ө񿴰׳һ޳һۣŵ֮أ֪Ŀ£һռȻûκɷȴεĿţһҪǿͻΪļһ⵽췣
޳ɫ̽ʵǣ֪ӳȥİ취𣿡
أөջذɫȻĿ޳̾Ϣһ֪֪ϧѡ
˵Ҫܳȥ޳ļбʯϿ취ȥ֪ʶᱻǲĻʯʲôӡ


1667 ȱ
޳ӣөεҡҡͷЦһʵܶձ֮صߣǵʵеǿȴΪųȥ
޳һ㶣ǼֵĲܱ㻹֪Ԫ½Ŀǰɣĩպƽټ
ʲôөĿ޳һۣ¶ɫųѾʼжˣЩ˷ܺͽš
޳״оө֪ʲôæʵôҲ֪
өȻһЦȻ˵ǴԪ½ֿǿߣϹ嶼£ϧʧˣҲᱻڷڷ֮ء˵ţ̾ϢһɥĴͷ
޳û뵽өеλܸߣ¶֮ɫѾʼҪٵԪ½һ֪
өԣȻһЦˣǱɱ˰ɣѾԪ½Ϊһ壬һپ٣һôܻٵ
˵֣صĿ޳ңǵֿӰƣ˿Ӱġ
ʲô޳Ȼԭأþû˵Ժ֮Уǰ·ͼһͷ
˵өһμԼ˵ѣǵ飬ȴԪͨĸԼģѵԪ˵ѣ
ܣԪôƭԼ޳ʹҡͷȻĶөȵ㵽ʲôΪҪƭң
өһ˫֣ˣһĵ治֪ôΪҪƭս֮ɭˡ
޳Цһȥ̵ģұʯķΣ֮ͳ˭֪ﲻǻʯĻĿģȻǽҵꡣ
өļСָ֣޳ŭһĶ̫޷㽻
˵ţ˫ֽһӡǣ͵ǰһƣһɫĹ⽣֣˲Ϣɵ޳ǰ
޳״ܵĴ߶ǧٵŲ⽣ͻϮŭһ¶Ŀˡ
ߣ޷ө޳ԼĹ⽣΢һ£һƺ޳С
Ųæٴνӡ⽣֣޳⽣תγһε󷨡
м޳о裬֮޷뿪壬ֻƾսԷȴܴ߶Դ֮⽣ʵԼ֮ǰĲ
ˢһ⽣붯Ϯ޳ҪʱѾ޷ܣֻܻӶֽţöԷԼҪ
Σ˵ȴΪ䣬ռź֮ܶѪУ⽣ȴӰ졣
޳һٶһ£ʱ㱻һебһ˿Ϣͣ޷С
⣡޳һ֪⽣ɱԴɵģæ߶һЩ֮һ߾ֱȥֵ⽣
ˢٶѾҲûл⽣ϮһҶѾ֮Ҳڵĺžʧأձᡣ
㻹һңөʱŷɹСȣһѾ޳ЦձжЩҲɱ㣬ѹ֮һҪԹȥѰԴ֣Ͳˡ
ں֮е޳岻ֻܶ껹ǿѣƵ֮е֮һ͵͵ڵ֮
ʱөѾɳȥ޳Ҳ֮ȫϣһĺѪʱеһɳǵı䡣
߶µһ棬µĿө뿪ķ򣬻öԷʱûлԼҪĹжסˡ
ڣѾ׼ǻþֻǿ޷ƣֻҪȥ˵Ժлһ׹ͨλãҪ뿪
ǺǣôòԴ֮֮һ𣿡ȻһС޳һ𣬻ͷȥȴөһԴ棬ϷʵĿԼ
Σ޳֮սֻùԹԵĻͷ̾ðɣڳԣ֪ſϷŹң
өһԾ廯⣬޳ϣ̧ͷĿһŵʵɣһһ򰮺úƽײɱģֻ̫ϵϢԲŶԼӳͷ
޳ȻԼղŲͱһȴԼӳͷҲ˵̫˰ɡ
ΪΪ⣬òε̾ҸղŴˣЩûн
өһЦǰҲ뵽һ㣬ԲŻġһ˿֮ɫŷɵһԴ棬һ£һԾͣһŽСԴϣӳһƣڸ档
һԴִϵ䣬өһ۵ָŵϵԴֵŵԴ־͸ˣȥ֮һѹһЩ㡣
޳ɻļԴ֣֮̽һ̺ԪغͱԴЩԴǴ״ֻ̬ҪԼͿԳΪԼ֮
һڰԴ£ڼûиӦʱ䣬͸оһɰžӿ뵤֮С
Щ̫ǿ󣬼޳ĵܷΧŵĹͲѣæϷԼѪ֮Щ
ө۾һգգĿ޳ڰѱ͵֮Уҡҡͷϧĵϧˣ㻹ûɹǣԴ˷һ뻹ࡣ
޳һȰеոɾоԼĵﾭʵ˺ܶ࣬Ҳõǿʵʲôɹǣ
ө޳һӣŵǸ߿㣬ֻһЩûеõıԴ֮С
˵ţգգ۾¶ɫԴ֮ھŲ㣬ͶԱԴ֮ƿضѾﵽԲʱͿΪñԴ֮ˣȻҪһһǣѪͨߵŶɣʽ̤ɾ硣
˵ө޳ֺ¶ɻɫֵɹ֮󣬾׼ɾ磬Ѫǰɣߵżܳɣɡ
ԭˣ޳ͷ뵽Ԫ鸴գĸԪ½мˣԷӦһһɣ׼ɣԭɹǺѪǿߡ
Щ֮вûмأ޳ʵΪҵõĴûἰ飿
өЦУȻĵˣ֮ǰ϶ĽݲѰɣȻףУȴһ·
·޳𾪣ʵô
өҪȱ˵ˣڴǧ磬֪ӺʿʼԪ½֪ڡ


1668 
ʱͳһУֻҪΥ˳֣ͻ⵽췣෴ֻҪͻĺܿ죬ƽӹϸ꣬Ϊǿߡ
ôǲǸоөȻ޳Ц
޳Ĭ˴ʱ˵ʲôֻө˵ȥкȱݡ
ֻөһתŵǣָֻ֮һ뿪ԭ޾İԼ꣬ȻЩ˴ûһľ˱˵Ļɡ
޳һ̽ʵǶˣ
өЦһɣֱһ죬ԪǵǲŽܵһѾ뿪˼ϢϢмİľһΪǿ󵽼޵ǿߣʵݣֻĳȻγɵķάϵǧȶ
һ֮Ԫǵǿǿʼо©Ȼֹ˼꣬ڱһʼղ뿪ҵҲ˱ȱԴһķ
޳ԣԼԪǱСԭ򣬱ڵԣ㽵췣ԪǷˣ
өĿ޳һۣЦ㻹̫ȷˡ̾ϢһǸٶ̼꣬еķȫٶ֣ͻȫһˡһֱ֣Ǵ죬ƽ⣬ַ򹹳ǧ磬Ǹ֮һ˿򣬾Ըȴ֣ĳһֱǱİһٰѾ˻򼸸ƷƳɺһְԪǷСУû֮Ҳ޷ֿԺԿǿߡ
˵өһЦŵ״γ֣չʵ֮ǿ󣬾ɶ޷ԿҲ¶ԼȱݣǾǣļȻԶͨȴһ޷ȵģûԼ˼룬ֻǰĹ̶˼άȥ˼£һоΪάִǧȶ
޳̾ܵԴ֮֮ûᵽΪֽţȥս
өͷһԭ򣬸Ҫȴһԭ漰ıʣѴǧ翴һĻǴǧ꣬ڣһ֡
˵өλԴһ˼ŽŵҲ˵ǵôǿҲĿƷΧ֮ڣֱԴ֮ʹǧ֮ĻšǣǵҲһ֣ȴӵԼ˼ֻҪڲͣ˼ͼ㣬ͻһӰ졣ٳɶ࣬߳һǿߣֻҪֲϵ˼㣬ܻƽ⣬᳹״ңա
޳Ȼ򣺡ѹûĹԭɵǵꡣ
өЦҲģǿȣ֮һûУǲںġԣҿԴһȻǹġ
޳ԣϲĪ˫Ŀ͸⣬ʵôңΪʲô
өνʼ򣺡ȻҪȥΪѰԴˡ
޳ɻĿ㲻˵Լ޷Դ𣿡
өЦ˭˵ģֻЩϵԴѾ̫ҵ̫Сȥ֮бΣգĿǰҪһЩոεԴ֡
Ŷ޳׹ֿǰʮȭͷСԴ֣ʱоһʲСĲƸ
ˣө޳ϣеĵոɱǽ⼸ͲҪȥˣҲûڵϢһ£һȥľɡ
޳εĵͷڻȫөĽͣʵʵ֤ҲԼ
ʽ飬ȻҪ̽飬ΪҪԪ½ʱû֮أ棿
ϣөȴһ֣⣬ҲͲʮǰʱҲֻǴһ䡣
֮أô£֮ǰǼǿԴ֮ڼˣ޳ĵʵ
өΣ˸ǷЩǼ򵥣̫ˣҪ˯ˣȴʱɡ
ө⣬֮Уʧ
֮죬өȻʵԼŵԣһ޳˵Ĺǳǿ󣬺Դ֮һΪŲ㡣
ÿͻһ㣬ͻǿһ˾ŲԲ磬ͻǿԭڱνֲҲ̽ͶԸˡ
֪Щ޳ȻĪөָ£ʼⲿ˵죬ѾԵһ򣬿ө̬
ڼ䣬޳ҲԷ֮صľһ˽⣬һΪľˮÿ֮УĸС
ڵģľΪľ򣬶Ƭޱߵɭ֣ľ֡
ľָոγɲ꣬ЩܹԴֵ޾֮ľСûᣬֻһԴػ
ǸԴ֣ԶһĺᣬͬΪȱ֮ǣųģ;޴Ըб˺ܶ¡
Щ޾֮ľʱ޳˼ѪõڤĻʯͬղ޾֮ɭ֮Уּ֪ΪĶ֮䵽кϵ
޳ֻԭǿɣ㱻өų˵磬ǧﳤİ׹ͨľ֡
Υ̫өֱõСڵָ޳ʱ磬ЩĶ棬СһЩԼϢһ·֣˻ȥҪս
޳һ֪η壬õĵԴ޷ֿܲôɣֱɱͺˣαض
ө¶ѿ֮ɫǼֵĵУɱֵ̫࣬ע⣬ϴΰǽˣֳ⣬ѾϢǱ紵죬ڲѰϢҵˡ
޳һ㶣ԭө֮ԵԭΪ˴ԼҪԭȴҪĨǽϢ
뵽ղŻЩөǸԲҴˡ
өνİڰ֣ˣԺעˣ֮ûֻܴԴܹĶ򵥡
޳صĵͷʾ⣬ȻռЩΥˣȻ÷֮ص߹Щ߱ΪԴֶ֣ûа취ŽԸˡ


1669 սʼ
СɭѰţ޳һͷˮөĴȻԶḻȴҲûֱܹӸ֪ԴַλķţֻܵƾѰҡ
æһ磬û˿ջ޳һֻͼǵľ񣬿өʳԱ㣬ʵ˵ө㻹ûô뿪֮أ
өбһۣεĵˣ⼸飬Ҳãھ͸㣬Ҫ뿪ǰ֮һǣǱȫϢԼӡ֤ԺҲ޷Ȼȥ
ԭˣ޳ԥûөܣڻпȥʱȴ׵ķŹĻᡣ
ûбİ취𣿡޳ĵʵ
өĿһգŵ㿴ǿ̫ûУ͸Ԫ½֣ԴԴϵĲ֮Ҳǽ÷֮γӡ
޳̧ͷȥ̫Ϣȴֻһů֮ûκڣ뵽ʶ֮е̫Ǻ̫ƣ;Ͳ̫ࡣ
өŵһжʮţÿС򶼷һţʣµڴСֻҪа취ΪһȨõеһţʱĵǿ֣Ʒ֮غԪ½֮Ľϰɻȥ
Ϊ޳ЦһһľĲֶԴѾԶԶԼΪǴ߶ԴϾߣ
Ҫ֪Դ֮󣬾ͿԿʼɹǣΪĴڣôöԸġ
̾ϢһĿǰ޷𣿡˵꣬ڴĿө
ҡͷȻһ޳Ķ䣬ĵСӣǼҪ뿪ﰡԪ½̽鷶Χڣȥʲôôﰲأ֮Ѿ֣ôҲ⵽췣
޳εĵû취ҵĺܶ˺Ѷ棬ĩպƽٽҲȥһԵĻ
өһ㶣ת뵽ʲôյĵð˵˰죬㻹ŽԪ½ѵӰ컹ڣ˵ţųһ̽ĦȭƵĶ޳ԴȻҪ޳ϵϢ
һǺ𣬶˾һ㶣өæջع⽣ǽ
ө𶯣˲Ϣ֮ӿɫ޳Χ
˷ɵһŲϷովȣ·ܹһֻ˶ǣͷϴεĲͬëɫǺɫģ˫ĿųɺĹâֲ͸ɱ
ͣڹ·ǵ˫Ŀ磬⻯̽ȥܷٵɨš
޳Ľţ֪ʲôөѹϢҪй©ȥȻˡ
޳ͷе֮ջصʶҲջҶôȵվϡ
ʱ޳ɫ֮УֻĶ֮⣬Ǻǲϵŭ߶
𣡹һǻû뿪޳ŵĿөֺ亹ֱɵʵô£㲻˵ϾҪ뿪ôûߣ
өĳ·̽̽ͷԼٶջµؿڣã걻ǿǿˣҪҳ
ʲô޳һʵĹƣжã
өĿĬƬ̣۾Ŀ¶֮ɫһӣͻᷢҵ쳣취һط
ã¯ҧӦСķųһЩ֮ڽŵףʩչǧٵһϡ
ȻŭһŲҶ޳һΪˣҲѹԼϢֱóĹө޷ɹȥ
𣡺ڷֶټһһ˷ǺصڲľС
ͣ£޳ϵөȻһΪ̫޳ŵòͣõغʲô
өɫǽѾ׽ǵϢҵϼҲ©𣿡
޳ΪӣɫǺãһɱʹɡ˵꣬һתղźڵĵطɹȥ
өʱŷŻΪСϲսֲϹ鸽ڲ֣⼸ǧһֱҪңǸ˶ˡ
ھɫ⽣ͬʱ֮޳ܵĴ߶ֿ֮ȴөһļһ֮塣
ʲô޳ˣʱҪөֶԵУû뵽ȴû͵ϮԼ
ө֪ôϢľ֮һǶѣʲô
޳֮һڵ֮ȻûҶֻʵʵĴһƫƧĽ䡣
εĵԲҴˡ
өûĵû£ϰˡˣҵȻҪñľħ󣬻ĺֻ֣ܶƴ;ƿݣһط͵Ϯꡣ
޳һ㶣ЩĿżϵөһʵڲֹƣǺܿͷӦ
өһƹ⽣ķ޳һ֣һɫ⽣ĿȨ
޳ķ߶ܿѹ⽣շ֮УʱýɫԳƵĺһ䡣
һĻөȴһ㶣п̾һ츳ͻԴ֮ˣʱɹǣôĿǱɱ
޳һʵʲôˣ
ө̾ϢһŰ˵ĵǲֵˣľĴһ߶Դ
޳ģ֪˱ı£ʱǷĵʱ򣬱㰲οģ㱨ڻȫԸĶԸɡ
өջĿն޳ųһɫж
ө˫ᣬСС廯һɫ⣬Ϸɳ⽣ǰ
໣Ǻ𣬺ֱܿһȥ
޳֮УԶԶĸţȴɫʱͻᱬһѪ⣬ЩǽѪ⣬ð˿˿֮ûȥɱγһȺɫı
ˣөɱʮǽ֮󣬵ҵ޳æסϢ
өôȥˣվ̲סҪ˰ɡһŵԶ𣬺ܿԶͬһ㣬·ľ졣
өŭһϣ֣㵱Ѿľһ壬߹Ѿڲľ̫ãҪΪе㡣
㣡ŭһƿڴ쵰
һ̣սʼ


1670 ˿
Ųֵŭ֮ɫе޳ȻܵΧռһ˿ԴһԴʵȻСȻƶҡ
өҲʾ޳ܸܵĿյ¶ԽԽ䣬Ϣֿ
ˣһƿ֮ռ͵һ£޳ڵλŤɫҲɢȥ
ߣַŭĺ𣺡˵ôеսңȻһļһ
һɰޱȵ޳Ϯɫһ䣬Ϣ߶֮ǧٶܡ
ɢ޳ſ磬ϮǹɰԵȴһ񵹴̵ɢɱ֮
ڵǿѾܸܵĲ֮ͬаһɫıԴ֮өϢЩơ
еٶȼ죬޳ȫǱǱһߣʱ۵ļҪ㱻ɫԴ롣
ȷ޳֮󣬱ֻ⣬˻ȥƺٰ޳С
Сģٶжֹܲө״ڰͣƬ̣һ֣ųһ⣬޳
ıԴڣ޳տʼûʲôʹĸоЩûֱӽľֻžͣߣͷų֮ƺڰΪ
ǣɫߣģƭ޳Ļһʱ̣͵شͷţС
һ˺ѷεʹ޳̲סʹһʹ֮ǰͬԴ֮꣬ʲôиһ
޳ܹĹҲֻæתⲿϹǿдзֳһЩǿԼ
֮ЩɫѾԼлһſɫӣٵĳɳţǵĸ̰Լ֦꣬ۿҪһܲ硣
޳ľ֣⻹ǳǳԣû뵽֮أһδսֹıԴǹֱӶ귢𹥻
֮£޳˶ԷʽʱܿƵĻ٣ȫиЩɫɵĸȴиĸ޼¡
ۿ޳Ҫɫռݣ˫Ŀ֮УȻһɺɫâϸһȴ̺өϢ
£޳û˿ԥſԼĻǵڡ
䣡壬ЯһȵϢ˲Ϣ֮ӿ޳֮УЩɫĸ֦ɱϢ֣Ŀʼȼ
ɫ˿ȻḣѾ޳ɢǣʱȻѸٵĹԪΪԴ־ۺһγһԴģֽ̽һ֦ɣٻ裬ɢЩɫ
ɫ޷ټӴƣֲ仯γһŻľΧԴַ裬׼ʱ³һϢϢ֮ЯϢҪ֮ǰǿʮ׵ıտԴֵǣ¶еɫԴ
˫нս޳ȴʹ֣״γʹζҧ¾ģһҪԼĻ㹻ǿ󣬲Ųˡ
ʱеѾʧȥ˿ƣֻΪһԹŹս˾۲硣
֮ڼ׿⣬վһ߼ʮ׵ɫֻûָһ׹ɵľ޴޳Ӧþǲľֵˡ
ڲֵܣһΣɫ֣żͣȴө壬˫Ѿһһ̣ĳɱ仯
ɫĳ𶯣ɢ֮Χռ䶼ޱȣͣɫ𶯣ӿһɹɵĺɫԴһΧתϢ֮䣬緢
־޴屻өĺԭأ˫ȺѾһıᣬ޷ƶ
ұۣڷĻǰѰ׹Ǿ޴ÿһεĻ裬һѪɵƶ䣬зĹǺ֮͸޾Ĺ졣
өƺǳЩѪƣҺǽӴֻһ̹εĹѲΧ档
ڣѪʮ׵ķΧөάԭٶȣֿ׼һʱ͵һ죬³һɫ˿ߣ˲ө
˫𶯣ȴѾٶȼɱ֮Ҳ֮
ߣֵŭһ͵һɫ˿߾ʹө峯ɹȥ
Сģ޳һһеĴ߶֮ҪǿаԼѣγɸĻеĻԸԴ֡
ȻһϢӵɳ˲֮УҲ˻ܵĹֱǿԴ档
ʱ䣬ԴֵϢκιĶһ³һŵȻ棬װԴջ٣ҲĴ
갲޳һ·ȥȴЩһſŰεضŤĸ˫ȣ˫֣˫Ŀǡ
֣㱳Զžһ壬񻹲ϻڸ𣿡һϵصڲľУ˲ɫϢӿ
޳һһ̣ܸܵԪٴγ֣Դ֮ǰδеĳԾ
ãܷʲô飬ֻҪбԴ֮޳֮սһԴնܺŽɫǡ
ڴʱ޳ķ֣֮ƺԷӵ£֣̽һɫǹû
ڵĲ˲Ŀ޳ķ򣬲ŵغ㣬ǽվԳ
޳һ㶣ô˰ԼͽվԳϵһаŭһŽɫǹ֡
ө㣡ڳĹУ޳ө֮ǰ͸Լһɫ⽣ų˦ʱѾЩɫ˿֮У޷Ҫʱ
ַŭĺһӴ˶˿ߵǣƺҪөԼС
޳״»һŽɫ⣬׳۵糸һ嵽ֵߣǹͷ͵һ̡
ֵһ𣬷ʹɫ˿ʧȥƣөʱ˫ᣬϢӿ˿߶֮ճ˻ҽ
գллˣ֮өɵ޳ߣмĿһۣŵû뵽Ѿ˻ߣղĹˡ
ߣ޳ͷᵽģԭһ壬ھ֮󣬾ͿԷֳЩֻзãֿ֡
һһǿȣҲͻƣֱãǻˣߺͱԴ֮ȴԶ귢
߻۵һ̶ȣͿԾۺϳɻţҲɹǵĻԣһߣǰֻ̤ɵľ磬ʵʱһΡ
ҿĻ߲ԼɵģĻ걦æҲ޷өֿһ۲֣Ŷ޳͵
ʱͷ޳ĵطѾϣǼҴҵİЩɫ˿ջУ־Ŀ޳һۣдɻͲ⡣


1671 ֻӴ
ʣǽվԳһĺ𣿡֪ΪΣֺȻ΢΢壬Щǫʵ
޳өԿһۣоЩĪ֪ڸʲôҲŻӦ
֣ͽʱľеĹȫεضһŭľۼֵߣǵ붯϶ŭĺ
񷣬ںͬ壬ûгɱ㣬ô컹սң˵αãʱ䳤ϰ׸ߣмĿ·ΧĹ
µ㻹Ͼ𣿡Ǹľˣϵʵ
ЩŵĿ޳һۣŵûʲôɺڵģ߶ԴҪͳľǹһ޷ֹͶڹһˡ
ߣ˵ɣ㲻̰ͼҵ峤Ȩλһ֣ͬô򲻹󣿡̾Ϣһŭ䲻˵
ƿŷŭغǣҲҵֱߣҲŬʮȴǱ׿˵ʲôϢܼ̳峤ȻˣҺαعǵ
˵棬ôãлᣬһҪױ𣡡Ĭ죬ų˵
Щ㽥Ļ࿿£һ֦ɷֽɫ־ۺģһͲһģһεض𽥳Ρ
ڻˣһ޳өĿԼæͽѣ㲻ɱҡ
޳ɻĿһөʵڶ˵𣿡
өͬĪֻǲȷŵĵŰɣǷ֮ǿһ򣬺ľͬ˹ϵΪԴ֣һֱںˮԿ
޳ȻʵҲ³ǸӰɣҵʵֲǲֻ֪һԴôв
ө˫Ŀգ뵽ʲôȻһ֣ϲĵˣľͽȻͬˣȴҲ¶ԷݺԼԼڻ֮С˽ƣֻҪ˫壬ʵôѪ֮Сꡣ
˵өɻĿ޳ǣ尡ôнվԳѪ
޳ȻεĵҲǺ߶Ѫ֮ȻˣҾͰһͽɡ
־Ȼ͵ſ죬³һɻɵľ޳ڳ֮еǸֹȥ
󣬲һתųصĲֻܡ
ߣ͵һһɰϢӿʱ˻ߵʱ廹ûȫͣȴǿа˫Ŵӵ׷֡
޳ڻ֮У޼ƿʩөСûбסĻȻǿҲֻһиס޳Ļߡ
죬Ѫ֮ٵиһөȻ
޳͵ش߶Ѫ֮ſһѪɫЩһӴڻܿʧ
ȻǽվԳѪ̫ˣ׷ȥө˷ܵĺһ䣬㻯⣬ܵķɹȥ
޳̾ϢһԽԽ༣󶼰ͽվԳһϵʵ޷ٷʵ֮ϣԼʵݣ͹ˡ
£޳ɴҲ˷֮ȻվԳѪܹƲ֣Ҳֵʡ£ֱӰѪƳƣγһƣȥ
ǰֵ;޴Ҳ죬ոǸȴһģʼ޷׷ϣۿ־Ҫܵľֵı߽磬ƿڴͽб²Ҫߡ
˵ϻӦ˿ûκͣ٣ֻͷܣʱĴϷֳһ֣ڵգۼγһƬߴľľֹ֣׷
һȻӿٶȣƴ壬Ӳİѵ·ľľ̤ƽҪȥǰĵһǧ׸ߵľǽ
޳өʱ񷱻ľǽ赲޳ָľǽһ˦ľǽͺֽһ̱ܿڲ
׷ЩĿ޳һۣŭһǰ޳өǰֵӰԽԽСϾҪ뿪ľ֡
ʱ󣬲ΪѾѴ󲿷ֵ嶼Ϊϰȴ޳ѪڻʱͲԭʮ֮һҲС˼֡
ָеǣǰܼ׾Ϳ뿪ľ򣬽ľѰıǰĵص׺ȻһѪɫɢ˵֮ǰ
֣Ѿ·ˣǹԹ־ܰɣөѪɫĺССͣڲֵǰ˵
ַߺ޵غСˣ׺񷰵й˶ã
ߣԸսթ֮ͽõıôܳɹөЦһھ˫𶯣ٴηųһһɱϢֹȥ
ֻͷ׷ʱֻԼûڵһʱ¶ķףѾ̫ͲһĶ֡
ٴαС֣ŵİ׹Ǿ޴ԵøӾ޴ɢа֮γһ磬ʱֹϢ롣
޳׷ƳһɾѪŲֵĻӹȥһڵ󣬽ʧֵҲֻа׸ߣҵ׷׿䡣
ʹӵ׹Ǿ޴壬ԼͷˣǲҪɱң֪ˡ
ѾˣҲ׷ԼֵܣЩʹĵ˵֪񣬺αصھҪֳͽ
˵ţշ𣬷ֽΪɫ־ۺϳһ̺ԴĳǹճŲֵͷȥ
Ҫֵ걻޳ѪӰ죬ѾЩңʱﻹоȥӦԱŭɫǹغ
䣡Ȼڳǹв֣ʱյ̫ȻһĿİ׹⣬ţ׵¡
޳ܵļԴնܣȴִĳּǿıԴԼ֮ǰֱһֻСϣ۲ֿԴնܺܿ㱻
өҲ̫ܣѪɫķΧڣűϢ赲ˮ£ǳʵĿʹĹڵϵĲ֣޳ߣˡ
޳ҡҡͷЦһڸղţһˮԴ֮ѾԼ֮УǵˣҲƣ޷ֻôܡ
ɵɫǹҲˮĹעʧȥ˹â·һֻץסڿţȴ޼¡
ˡִʱǿվһ߻ָԼ壬һ߾ηĶպ
ߣĲлǲҪ鷳Զ֡һ̺Ļ
ܵˮȻͣ£̽һΪ޴Ӱֻ¶ϰھ֮ϣ¶֮ɫ·һ㡣
ӰʵһŤ֣̽ȥץи̫


1672 Ϊ
ǣ֪ˣٸһᡣֺʶʲôæĵ˵
˿ûͣԼְ̫סܿɫͱޱȣ޳еԼ֮еǹȻʧָɡ
ҪȥөȻһĿĹâ£ͣǰѾС̫
û뵽վԳѪδϾȻ֮أҾͰһæΪľɡԾ֮ϴ˵
Ҫ޳֮УȴĺӦҵģҪɹ֮ŻջȥΪʲôҡ
ߣһмĵ޾֮ɭڣȻһһӣѱֺαС󡣡
ʲô޳𾪣ĥеĺ壬޾֮ɭղڤʯļһȻǾһ˼Ϊܸߡ
ֺҲͬʱһ㶣죬йĴͷ૵ôᣬҲΣ𣿡
ȴŭĶе󣬺Ϊһ˵Ļ޾֮ɭϹ壬޷ƾСС߶ԴҲҳԲѷ
ЦĵʲôļһΪ޾֮ɭ޵еĴˣǾҪˣЩҲ˵
һӣִ£ֱڲֺͷϣƺһ˲顣
ĿһĻ޳Ա׼ɵʵȻ뵽Ѿǰ֮Ԫ飬ڷʱָʲô
ʰֺ񷣬ƺ޳ķųһˮԴϢЦСӣڵϢԺҰɡ
Ϣ͵ǰ޳˵ԼͶԷʵ޴ҪԸʲôƣϣСһЩΪ
޳ӣε̾ģҺͽǽվԳ峤Ƣûôãɹ֮ȥɡ
˵ţЩʧȥģٵ޳ܣֱӿǹˮԴ֮УҪϢ
Ȼ޳֮УɫԳŭĺһǻվ޳ߣ
ǣսĴУ֮У岻Ķһ£˫Ŀ֮Գηɫ̽ʵ
޳Ի󣬿ߵĽɫԳмĵô
ལѵͿˮڨڨЦȻûУս׵Ĵ磬˵תƺıʲô
޳һʵأ𣿡
棿ɫѿӦĵĴӣս˫ֵܣ޷ϢΪһŮ˱˽վԳһ壬Ĺ¹ŵء
˵ɻĿ޳ôЩѪжûм𣿡
޳ʵʵ˵ֻһЩԼӡھôһ˵˺ܶࡣ
ԣ¶һ˿ϲɫȻսתͲصɹȥˣԵƬ̣ȥ֪ͨס
ܿ죬廯Ӱʧ
޳ɵѪɫǰөҲָɣɫȴ԰ޱȣϢҲȵĵʵû°ɣ
ãөĳ𶯣ɵ޳ϣЦһҺﻮôãû뵽ֻɱˣʵ֮ǰӿֲǵ󡣡
޳̾һοû¾ͺãһҲĿˡ
өпĿһ۲ֵڵµƬŵֻȴһĲֻаҲġ
˰廯ƬռһطᣬѾΪƽصĲľ֣þû˵
죬ٴЩΪѵ˵սѾǰΪ˵ûˣҪԴ֮㣬ſϺ
޳̧ͷһۣεĵǾɣˣ˵ľԺ͹ˣǲģ
æͷЦȻҲǰֻֽҪ˿Ϳͨ˿֣ʱҪ֮ԣľҲܿͻָ
ֶŲֵʬߵİ׹Ǿ޴һ֣Ǿ޴ѳƬںСΪһѳǹɵ޳ǰ
ָųǹЦѰ׹ǹϹźƣ޶ȵķһ걦ǸûõļһѾˣͰ͸ʹðɡ
޳ץסǹʱܵаĻ֮з·ʵôʹã
ε̾ݣɾȥֻ꣬һǣɢеģҲֻôССһأֻ֪ܹ귢Ӹǿھķȴûо
޳ͷһ֣ǾͶлˡ͵ֵĶûбҪܾοΪֺ͵ġ
ֽһЩľϸڣŸȥ
һս޳õһƵĳǹһԲ֣֮Լľְλνջķᡣ
ϧУȴ޷ʹãөͳЦ㲻Ѿ˻˿ֵĿȨͽɡ
ʲôөһ£ɻĿ޳˵ѣԥĵȻΪãôܽأ
޳һЦʲôģ˿кãҲľԪˣҪ֮ʱͲҪܾˡ
˵ţٴΰͳȥөΣмĿ޳һۣһ֣ųɫ˿ߣڡ
ֽܵɫ˿֮󣬶ʱɢ֮޳ߵĹָܿ
ө״İ֮Уû˿ͷ֮ʱ䣬ľֳ׻ָԭӡ
ڼ䣬޳Ҳ˲ľֵһ߽磬һΰĳǳأ֮ǰʱģоס˺ܶľľɾ壬ҲһЩ塣
Щ˵Ϊձ鲻ߣͣԴһΣٵļѧʵҪǿһЩ
ʱ޳Ҳ֪ȻԲ֮ñڷ֮ص˿ȴҲͷÿһʱ䣬ͻһʱͨܳһ콫˾ɱԴ־
һʱͨ򿪣Ѿµʱ䣬ǼҲû̫ľ棬ֻһ޳Ӧ췣ӾҪȥˡ
Щһ޳ҲΣʵʲôԸ콫ʵڱЩ˲ûа취ֻÿ̾һӦ
⻹ҪҸְæҿ뿪֮ǰ޳һϵĿھ


1673 ݿ
өʲôط޳өʵԴӳΪľеԴֶãө˿ֱӰЩƷõԴߣԼĵУ̰е
޳ܿө˻ظڳԴ֮Ĳ㰡ôˣ
޳̾ұЩһûа취ӦӦ췣㿴мʤ㣿
ʲôөһ㲻ɱ˰ɣ췣һЩԴ֣ɱһЩΪߵΪֲ£αشӦǡ
޳Σ̾ԣҴӦͺˣֻ޵ʱûкľܾ֮ˣҪ취ɡ
өûа취ĽӴҲ˽޳Ϊˣ֪һԳеļһֻõУϹȥ
Ƭ֮һɫͣ޳ǰөʱɫ˺ܶ࣬ϢҲ֮ǰǿ١
췣һ֣ͼıľҪٵ콫ֽ١ө޳͵
޳ͷʣأ
ө̾г׼ɣͻڶ췣šʱһξ죬СıεˣʵͰ˾ųɣֱޱȡ
󣬿޳Ȼӣөֹ˵ڵ֣гְֻ֮ᷢأǲֲģ˺ﶼʱ֮УϵѭΪ΢һЩģͻٲ֮ء
޳ľѣƢСΥ˹֮أʱ̼ǣֻҪǿ֣߳Ҫϧһд
ãڵĲľʵǿģҲөԴֻͼ췣١
ѯ콫ʵөƬ̣һԴ۷壬ǵ겻Ǻǿȴǳļ̣ͬǿȵĻ˿޷˺ǣҲ֮壬ָ֮ļ죬ֻһѪ⣬ҲܺܿձԴָԭ壬޷ɱֻüס
޳׹ʲôסһԴȻ۵Щʵ֮ǰʱǷЩס콫ģ
өЩĿ޳һۣЦͦİ취һֻԴڣ޷ʶпԴıԴ̫ȹ̣Ҳܼáƾҵǵ˿סʮ
޳ʵ콫һж٣
өƬ̣ŵҼǵϴʮ콫һɱ˼ǧСߵԴҲгɰǧ˵Գһ˿ϧɫ
ԭˣ޳аƣөסʮʣµľʮԼ콫׸ζԸ
ȻһʵûпԿԴ󷨣
өһۣ̾ʱУҪĺ֮ܶԴֵʧҪһЩòʧ
޳һϲЦоˣһЩ֮㲻ʲôֻҪܱסͿԡ
өĿ޳һۣεĵðɣֱùУȻãҲ޻˵
޳һЦôˣ
ө¶ݣȻȻ޾ṩ֮һ̫࣬һʱڣ֮ٶҲʱ㣬޷γ㹻Դ֣ҿô
ԭΪԼͷۣ޳οģ˵ģȥ򣬵ʱ㣬ԴִӦò١
ģөϲɴ۾ŵĿ޳
޳ͷɫȻ㣬Ҹսͻᱻַ֣ʱôĶ֪ҲҵľˣȻر
̫ˣǾץʱ׼󷨰ɣû˺֮ǣөĳǺȵģڲľеǵΥ֮ص˵ĺҲûʲô
οľûͨˣǾ㱾ٻҪ֣ͬҲҪ˼һ¶ԷʵûжĲб֮ˣֵһȵġ
ļ죬޳ͰѲľټөָ㣬ʼø壬өеݿԸ콫
ݿһϹ󷨣ƽʱɢκϢһѱ洢һռ磬ڽʱ䳤̣ȫȴ洢پ
Ϊȷһʧ޳ÿСݿжע൱ʮԴֵЩס콫ݿǷʮ֮ࡣ
һݿģòľ洢Դּ˼һ룬ө۲ѣ˵ʲôҪЩ콫ȫɱڵһһ㱾Ǯ
ݿϣѾ֮飬ľȻ޳ж£ƽʱѼԴֱ뽻֣һ־ΣգȻҲò˶Դ֣ؼĻİȫ⡣
޳˴󷽵Դǵİȫڸж֮࣬䷢ĴӴЧ޳Բжġ
Щ˵ı̬޳Ǻ⣬˼ʱҲٲľ
ө˵ִƽϻصԪ½ǲģһйƽ֮޳ҵөֱʵ
өͷΪѵĵȷˣֵǷ֮ȱԴҪ߳һΣֻаھŲ㣬ߵţܳװķƿϰȥ
Ȼôѣ޳ʱңȥԼҪ뿪֮أôҲҪˣʱԪ½ͻ𣬻ʲô塣
УһҪΪԴȥҽףȻԼǽվԳһ壬Ĵ磬ȻԴӦԼһЩҪ󣬰뿪֮ء
죬޳Դֿ̿Դ֮涼˺ܶʵ߲٣ۿҪͻƵһ㡣
ˣٿʼˡ޳ؼʱ̣Ȼǿдƽƣغ
˫ۣõĵһۣһѾмǧˣʵ̫ڻͣԴ֮ڶΡ
׼жɣ޳̾ϢһôһţղŵǵȻʧʧȥĻᡣ
ŶãķӦЩٶۣãȻĵͷ޳ΪֻǸ˵ĵөѾʼжˣġ
ө޳ҡҡͷ֪ΪҪؼʱ˴ԼֻõǾһȥɡ
޳ɵգĿȥڲľģ֮ϣѾһ߲ƣԼ͸ɫӰ
Σ޳ʩչǧ٣ܿľģөͼԴһŹ棬ʲô
ô޳ͣǰʵ
ֹ̫ۡөüͷ̧ͷһЩƣεıѾʱ콫ûгһٸõݿ󲻹ð


1674 
ʲô޳һ󣬿ƣȻЩ֮Ув¼ʮɫӰ۳Ρ
æʵٲü𣿡
өҡҡͷЦһѾȥˣ಼ʮݿ󣬶ԾӰ첻󡣡
ˣǶѾˣۿԪΪ˲ľ򣬾ԼȥЩ콫ͬھ޳֮ʱղŴȻ˵
㣿޳ŵĿֿөߵļˣǵϢޱȣҲ˲ǧ꣬ΪѾﵽ˶Դ
һųվ˵өѾӦǣֻҪαٿȥͻǵĺ˽ϤĽ̵ܿѡ
ǵģ˷׷׸ͣʾԼʵҪΪľһ٣ֻҪܶǵĺ˺һЩС
һ¡޳Σөӻ֡
֮󣬶һ޳ҧʵע⣿
өͷΪѵĵΣǾβҲ˼ˣûɹǣԪʼ޵ġ
өȻӣ޳뵽ݣѪ飬ֻԼн飬Ե׽һЩ
ðɣ޳ε̾өļƲĿǰ˵ѾõˣǿԼףǽҪչ˺ǵĺˡ
ө΢΢һЦȻ⼸ϼһĺ˼Ҳˣȫɡ
˻صԭأЩϵԴɫ䣬һɫ޳ӿһɺλǽΪľһԶסҲһŵԣչ˺ǵĺˣ֮ǱģҲṩԴ֣
лĶ޳һݣóһö̵壺һ崫Ļ걦´ЦҵĺΪ峤Ȩλֵòɿ걦Ҳóȥһֱߣھͽܰɣֹˣ鷳ѻ걦ǿߡ
޳ӹ걦Ӳһ㣬ҪѰҸĵرԴҪ÷ںϣܳɹ
ʱ޳Ҳ޷͸걦еķģһ
ʱԴҲ׷óԼѹ׵ı޳ܣǵĽҲгìܣϣһƽϢٰ֮ѱｻǿߡ
޳в֪Ķ걦һЩ̺ЧЩԪ½϶һȷѪ꣬Ҳڷ֮أҶгĵ̣ʱѹŲụᡣ
ˣȻ֮ս֮޳æ̧ͷȥڽ̿ÿһ棬վ׵
ٿʼˣλʼжө˫Ŀų⣬ƶȻȫС岻ϣһı飬ԵЩЦ
ʱҲûЦԴǻһһǰĳλһ·ϺͷԼע⡣
Ȼ֮ϵ¿һֳۣʮɣֱ׷ЩԴ
޳өһۣҲó˰ɡ
ө΢΢һЦȻ˫𶯣ųϢ޳壬һ⣬ֱֱķھ֮ϵһƬơ
޳Եʱ򣬶Ѿվ棬ʱ޳֮УɫԳĺ
ô£޳ɫһ䣬оԣƸϢȻͽɫԳӦѵ
өȴΪСĵĶƵĺ棬ģ˵û콫פأǳûоһ£һ˿Ժ󽫻
޳õĿөһۣЩԴΪ˱ľԼȥԿȴʲô
өεһЦ㵽壬̫ԣȥԺ߲Զġ
޳ȻתȥҪѭһ뿪ķ׷ȥȻ屻Ϣסá
ʲô޳ŭһ߶֮š
꣬Ȼ⡣өһƣ˫Ŀƺ󷽣ĵܵûУ
ʲô޳һæųʶȴƵסִ߶ոûٴθӦĳȴһ
Ƶĺ󷽣ϥһΪϵͼŤҵһЩ֫ƴնɡ
ͷ䲻˸ڰ׹âǵķλԶֱڹŹϷ޳Ʋ⣬мӦûһ䡣
ѵǣɱԴ֮޳ɻĿөв²
өҲǴãĴƣߵǸǰųϢ̽һԷȴûκηӦ
⵽ʲôôñҪ󣿡өŴ
޳һۣƺ󷽳֣Ȼ콫йϵ㲻ûǵͷ죬ʵСǲҪҾ
өһƣʾˣȴᣬַų˿ĽӽŹͷ
өĻ˿Ӵ˲䣬ŹȻһʧڵĵطһĸߴһ߲ս׵ˡ
ɢ̫ԵΧĿռ䶼Ť޳өһۣ֪ǿУˡ
һƿյ޳ûзӦĻᣬѣܿɢ
һţٴμӴٶȣһɳȥʮͣͷһȴǸ˻棬ֻѾסө
⣡ʱөУãıϢҲȫʧϢԽԽ
޳Σٴγ˻ȥܾôөȥ
߲ս׵˼޳ȥͷһ֣ռٴŤ޳Ҵ⣬㵽һԡ
һ̣ԭڵĿռһ˿΢𶯣ܵÿ죬޳ҪĴռһбжˡ
µķɵ߲ս֮˵ǰ
Է̧ͷһۣٶȻ֡
޳æܣȴûκعٿȥȴֶԷеөѾֹͣ
޳ŭһȥˣԷһۣһţө¡
޳ڰнסөѾ˹ȥϢڣûһ
ٿ߲ս֮ˣ鸴ӵʵ㵽ʲô
Сӣôģ֮ܵغʲôȻ޳Ժ֮Уһϵ
ϸһķȻɾģ֪Ϊɾ˵ҪԼʲôæȴҲάɾ֪Լ͵͵֮󣬻᲻
ֿ߲ս֮ˣԷҲֱֱĶԼ죬˻ص棬ʧ
ô£޳бɻҪȥվסһ߲ս֮ˣҪֻ


1675 չ
˵ˣӦ֮ˣĹעԶԶˣȻҲҪǿܶ࣬ղǸΪѾﵽɾ磬ǿѹ꣬˿Ѿˡɾŭ䲻
޳ҲľһɾҪԸԼĺһֻϲ࣬мĵлɾ
ɾ̾ϢһƺҲЩΣˣҸղŲֻزᣬǱݺŽ֮صġ
޳һֻزʲôҲʣɾɲô˵ġ
Ƭ̣ɾſ̾һϧұ㣬ʵ𣬸ȾϢΪݣҲûа취ֱӷȥ
ɾ޳ǰ뿪֮صϣ˼ʲô취޳æʲôİ취ұҪȥԪ½ĺƽټʲô¡
ɾԪ½ǣ̫࣬ʤĩպƽٶᵽܸıġ
ʲô޳ţŭƭңôԪ½
ɾεĽ͵Уһûκ壬Ҳûֻ֣֮һֶѡ
˵޸п̾ҺЩʲôܵϢӰˡ
޳óɾìܣ̽ĵѵûĿƣ
˵ɾȻŭȵܹӵԼ꣬ȫͣôܣôܺһ뷨
˵Ҳȥƺ֮У죬ųˣж̫ٺˣαһڵҲ۳Դ֣
ѾȥʮƬַ˻޳ȥЩѾѪ֪ɱ˶
бߣȴ޼ƿʩĿ콫ֽɱԴںϵһ𣬳ΪһСɽСԴ֡
Դַɵ޳ǰСȭͷСɾŵԴſԴﵽԴˮƽٿ޸ʮ꣬ˡ
޳ӹԴ֣еȻͨԴҪӴĶ࣬ʶ֮УŶɾл
ˣŬҪи֮һҪɾ޳һ䣬ϢһƬɢ
өصǣ޳ټڶԴȻɾʱٻ콫а˾ŸԴսͨߣ
û뵽ʵǿԺһΪհһҴĶԴվ޳һݣ
˼״Ҳһߺ˶ףαٵ֮ǿ֮ǰЩԶԶܱȵģ޳ľ¾Ҫˡ
˺òˣ޳Ż֣ǰͷǸԴʵǺˣ
һϲæС죬ǰ֮أ˼粨ľס
޳ͷԼһ壬ҿӱȽϻ飬ֻԴҲԵԲһЩӦǸ˲ţã죬ʽΪľĸԺдС
һ£ֲɫĵζԿ췣嶼˺ܴ屾٣ҲֻɱûʲôͣʵڲҽҪְλջس
˱е㲻Щ峤˵ļ壬ԾԾԣҪ˵ƽС
ǣôһ˵ֶĬȥǰʵѾǶԴөڣ֮Ŀǰľеϴ
ֹϵ˾͸Ȳ޳û˵Լ壬ƽоֹҲܿ壬ûɵΣһϣֶ˺ܶʤ㡣
Ȼ޳ûվ˵õĶҵѵҪΥ𣿡
æȥϻ̳ϿֵĵС˲ңȻִˣҲҲֻǿˣԺʲô²ܵĵطݡ
ȻǸ޳ҲҪôģֻҪܹòľУĵͷЦãǾôˣҵչ֮أʽʼչأֻҪṩһЩԴֹС
ǣģһ쵽Цݣͷһۣų˵
һ̬ʱм˽ƽʱǺǳԸΪԴִ˫ˣ˺ܴĳԹ
޳չأȨȻǣǶҪһЩԴ֣͹Ǻһˡ
Щ˵˼޳ûзУɹȫӸ֮뿪صС
өڻԣϢ޳þְ취ʼ޷ѣ֮£ȥ˰׹ͨ·ĵ磬өһԴ档
ƽʱ˯ģҲ֪ξ㣬ϣЩԴܰ㻽Ѱɡ޳ө˵һ뿪
˰׹ͨ޳ýưͨڷգҲΪƽأƹһЩǸ޴ĵڵʵʵñ˷
ϢڲľѲϾȻȴһֱæ׼Կ٣ûлĿռ
޳ٶȺܿ죬һҲ죬ŰѲľ۵ףžķĿռܴ󣬼ԺԪ½Ļһİ֮
޳Ҳ֪֮غԪ½֮ĽϼΪֻ̣΢Сʹǧ֮ĽСôһЩҪǿдԽҪ𣬸οЩͨ˺ˡ
ľУΪĲľ֮⣬һƬ󣬺ƬɳĮΪ޷Դ֣иû˾ס
޳طȽһžںײһ׶Լչ
ɳĮụ̂ȴҲһЩֳûΪȱ֮ɱԣǲݣ޳˵ǣȴҲϣЩ֮ӰԼ
еĺ˵Ҳ٣ȴǼϲ㺣򣬵·һƬڣ֮͸ûκκޣֲﶼ޷档
ּžĻþȴʺϰ޳ȷһƽ̹ĵش󣬱죬˹޽
ܵ޳ãһʱ֮ޣȻȫִУܹɽǰЩЩĵõԴȫټǧټƵڶΧøַ󷨡
̶޳סµĶ֮УԴ˷ǳ⣬Ŀ佱һ죬ʱܷܣİٸĵԴҲһӴĿ


1676 
׶޽֮޳ټľˣĽһ붴֮Уʼ
ڰǰϰٿżƷԴ֣Ǹģεıٱɾ׼ݿûóЩԴսȻҲգʧǲ
ڶԴ֮Уɾ콫ǿ̺Ҳա
޳ʹʼʱ䣬ŰԴֵȫգΪԼ֮
ֿʼԴ֮ڶ㣬ڵһʱҪ֮ûжôǿ
֮޳ѾܳЩǿҪѾѪ͹ȫΪһĴڣܼĹ
ȣ޳߶ѾΪۺ֮žͣѭٶ𽥼ӿ죬ȵһ̶ȣѾޱȣЩطʼѺۡ
ȻѺ۲ʵڵģֻΪӴ󣬾޷ܣһЩ
˿̵޳Ҫά־ȹ̣ŬЩת֮ھ֮УǵѭҲһչ
ǷǳʹģֻҪ΢һģͻᱻĶѣ˺ѷεʹʵƽʱġ
޳ǼΪǿЩʹ໹ܣŬıΣϵظ̣˼µʱ䣬ڰѾȫ
ڰԴ֮ڶ㡣º󣬺׶֮е޳۾³һԳЦݡ
ѾĴԴֲкüͷǳԴԼϰٿżƷԴ֣⻹ɾµǿġ
ĵٶȣʵֲ̫޳һȥԼҪɹͻԴΣͱѲľʮеԴȫղС
ȻѾǲľӵɱȫȴҲݲԴûԴ֣ǵΪͻͣͲǰʱʲôΣգͻ֮ǡ
̾Ϣһ޳һԼʱֹͣԴ֮㣬ת
µΪͬⲿķǳкܶطҪһԲᣬûһ꾡ġ
ⲿд͵Ĺ޳ͷۣȻһЩϾ磬ʲôʱʲôν˴ƪ
ȴΪ֮ҪĹû㹻ԣǴ粽еģ޳һ츳ⲿҲֻһ
ڣĵһһ㹦к֮ܶ޳Ŀǰ̫⣬ֻҪͰ࣬ϾͿ˳
һ㹦ΨһѵĵطǶԵĿ飬ĹлݹļԸȱݣֻ࣬һСģͻУ޷԰Ρ
޳ȽˣٵĻʮǰվԳһǳ֮ս֮ǰѾʱмȻڿغƽٲʱʹҧʼԼ꣬û˿ҡ
֮޳ǿһ֣ڶҪ󻹲̫࣬벻ͣظ̣֪㹻ǿ󣬿֧һ
޳㲻ϵһδ֮УǽվԳĴսһЩʱļƬ
󣬵޳ܹݵЩ֮ʱȻÿνܸ࣬ӦΧĿռһĪϢڡ
ϢֻõĿռ֮Уǿһĳ̶ȣȻܹᶨԼʵ磬Ǳþ֮С
ܹӦ֮޳ٶȶȻӿ죬ÿڻþеʱ䶼ǰһһЩģþĵһ̣ͨϰ٣ѹ
һº޳ʱҲþһϲ֪ԼͻƵڶ㡣
һл޳ڵѾĵĲˣʱҲûԴֹɻ׼ȥ
ǧ٣޳һ㻯һ⣬ź׶һɳȥڵĺˮ֮С
ףȻһ㶣ܵķ󷨳ɶЩ֧еԴѾȡߣһһЩİϢ
޳ǹϢķ׷ȥڵĻþܲӦֻܼɫ˫ͫȴıԴΪ̣޷͸
ζ£ֻĨǰУ˴мǹϢԽԽǿң޳ͣھ뺣׶Űһط
ＸƬûκֻǹϢڲϵͣڻĺһ㡣
Ϣ£޳˳ҵԴͷȻһ͸ľ޴ԲʯԲʯ棬̽ȥ
Ȼһصĺ޳Ժջ֣ʧ
ѵ޳ĿŽµԲʯⶫҲһɣ
Ԫ½֮⣬иָĲͬ壬еĳ༫Ϊ죬ȴһۿʲô
ǰⶫȴһʯͷĲǰ͸ģܹϢ֮⣬ûκ
޳ɻ󲻽⣬һ֮۵ָ⣬һԲʯʱٴ֮λдһĵͺͻ
ͻͺԲʯʼܵϢҲ仯ܿǿ԰Ѻˮҡ
޳״æʮףĿԲʯΧĺˮ۳һǰ͸ȴĿԼ
ʲôϢǳ죬̺ˮԴԴļ޳Ŀ
𣡾ſ죬³һˮ嵽޳ǰ
ˮٶȺ޳ûмŶܣԼǰ̽һŷоȻһɫԴ۳ɵĹŹ
ͻ̤ƣ˫Ŀɫľ⣬ĶԼ
޳һҪջƣȴͻſ죬³ԣǺˣ
ǲľ޳ʱͣ¶Ӳػص
Ŷ֮ǰĲأѾ𣿡ͻ˫Ŀϸ´һ޳ȻЦԭǽվԳĺˣѹǸһ㵱
޳ʧȥȤһתһ߾ĵҪ˵ţˮصС
𣡾ζĶ޳ͺһصԲʯ֮Уʧ
ܵϢƽˮҲٽ޳µĿԲʯ죬վûȥ
̫֮أԶʱڿʼ֪жǿ߱УҲԲʯһǿûбҪȥǡ
޳εķɳˮ棬ʱǰһƬʱǰ죬̧ͷе֣ԴԴϵͷ֮


1677 ðƻ
ɳ򣬽ľ֣ҲһľлʱмߴԣѰԴ֡
һĻ޳ƣȻһΪ첻ԴֹѵǱ߳ʲô⡣
׼һеȥһļ򣬶Էһһ־һץ
ʵ߶Σ޳һЦצӴԼϣ˿ûκ˺ۡ
໣״˼ſҪͬ飬ȴ޳סһʵˣ
һ㶣Ŀ޳һͷ亹ݵˣСˣС˸ղûзӦ
޷޳ӻ֣ʵұչһ£ڼʲô𣿡
˵ţĶмǧԷܹϳԼȴֻܿԼΪʵǲϳ
ţ߶µĵûûаȻʲôֵ˲ǼǴ˰ɣǰǾͱչس𣿡
ʲô޳˫Ŀʶǳ⣬æʵ˵ͳˣ
޳ӦЩͷԵ˵ǰʱǳǣ˻峤ӭˣĺܰ
⣡޳ڣȻðԼݣѹ첻Դ֣Ŀһ䣬֪ˡʩչѸٷ
޳뿪߶µȫ׵׷ʲôΪ˺ӡ
ͱԶһ޽עЩ뷨ȫעϢٴβԡ
ڰ֮е޳Լһ˿Լǲľȴ˸ҼٰʵضͬСɣ֪ǳԼģ
ڣڰʱ޳ȴټĳǳѾס泤ɫʻֻ˼ڡ
ܶۼڳ棬Դ֣ɫƺڽǡ
޳ɻѣԼȻǿ٣ܸߣЩҲôټĽԴְɡ
ѹɻʩչһһģȺ֮У㰵й۲һ£
ι֣޳һȭͷСԴ֣ǰһ˺
˻ͷͷ޳һۣõĵһССʲôȭͷСͨԴѾǧһȥ
˵ţ̽뻳УһЦͳһֻĴָСԴ֣Դ̺Ϣȴ޳еǿ
ôðΣգħеõģһֵеʮʱ϶ܵõʹͣ˵õһϵȹ˵ҫš
žȻĵһ£˻ͷȥȴһʮ׵߹ļϿСɽһһԴ֣Ŀбӣʮء
ۣղų޳죬ŵĵԴ֣һŻһԴְ
뵽ʲôмİһǸ˵ϧǰԴ־ֵüһսˣڣٺ٣ͨɫѡ
˵ţ־ĵһ޳СĵպԼǿԴ֣תͷȥ̽ͷ̽ԵĿǰ
˳տΣ޳зѣ϶ǸٰԼļһʲôƣڲľпһħߵĵطܹԴ֣ǳΣգǾһȡһЩƷԴ֣ȴԼʹãùеϵȹ
ƣǳĹƣľ޳ǳֲ֮ٶȣڶ̶̵İڳôԴ֣Ʒʶ˵ĸߡ
޳տڲԣĬĬĹ۲ߵеĸɫƷԴ֣ȴζ
һжʵģԲľʵȻкܴôϧڳеǼٵģЩԴ浽ȥ
ϧЩ˶Դַǳӣ˸ղǸԼҫ֮⣬˶İԴֲϣ˿˿
޳ܽӴԴ֣ȻҲ޷αֻȥǸߣϵԴּΪ޴󣬻лġ
ι߿һ㡣ϣ޳ոտ;ĵ˹õغ
֮£޳ֻЦ磬ԴҲǴħеõģ
ĻӦһ֮ɫҲͻһЩΪ˵õҿǷ˲ٵıԴһҪﻻһʺĹС
޳ĿһЦԴּΪϡ٣ȥ֮Ҳˣܲһ£һ
Ȼɫһ䣬һĿ޳ҪʲôҾ㲻ҪͷǶ仨ûУǿֲõģԿһһ
޳Ȼ̧ͷȥȻڳһɫһһϣ͸һɹϢ
һ뵽ѾǳصȻһ뷨ѵǸðĿģԴЩʻ
ʻϢ΢ƺûʲôЩʲô
뷨޳Ҳ޷򶨣Ҫץʱ俴ƶԷĹƣ¶һЦеԴʯݸǺǣҼﻹ£ԴʯͰ͸ɡ
һ㶣ȻĽӹԴ֣ӦһеȻ̾ģһ취ҲҪһġˣʲôطס
һ̧ͷȴ޳ѾʧʱĹˣҲûп޳ӰԥƬ̣վû뿪
ʱ޳Ѿɵ˳ǽһǣûˣһִ棬ǰһŰɫͷһɹϢ
ó޳ҪĻȻһһϣһŰζΪţæסڱǡ
޳ץסĸ͵һǹζҲȻ޴棬ٿϿڴȴڷٵϡ
Ź֣޳и̣߶֮̽ķ֣ȻʵڵģɰɫıԴ۶ɣ򵥵˵һֱȽϹԴ֡
Էڸʲô޳һ飬ַɵУȥ𴦿
ιҶʲôȻһŭȴ·޳ȥһɫ׵
ͣ˿ŷֶԷһ壬ΪѾﾳŶ۷壬Ԫ½һһĸ֡
ǵĵλƺߣϵɫ׿ȥȽϸ߼֮⣬Ҳûκοʾݵıǡ
ǺǣҾ㿴޳һЦϸĴϵףֺһҲǱԴɣһԷȻôֱʣһ˶װ˱Դס
֣Ŀһ޳ŭһǰ׷ǣôң


1678 
޳һ㶣֮ǰЩǽǺһЦǣ֪ˣ뿪Էʵδ֪ʻоף㡣
Ȼ˫Уһɫǹ޳վסΥƻ񻨣ҪץΡ
ʲô޳ʹ뿪ŵӣҲˣֱЦðǾץҰɡ
һת˲仯⣬ɵһ
һʱԼٶ޷׷޳ҲŶֱ֣ӷһӣųзųһɫ˿ߡ
޳ɻ󣬺Ȼִгɫս֮ˣΪ׵һͷϻһɫʻԵòײࡣ
ĸˣͷЩһ۾Ϳ޳ʵǿȻ˶ڣҲûмŽʵ
޳ԣȴһԲľûʲôӡ󣬵ǰ˵ܱϳȴǵڱսһԴˣʱԼǼı黹
Գ峤ƣ޳̽ʵ
Էһ㶣Ŀ޳ŵ㵽˭ôʶң
Ȼʱɫսװʵʵͱϲ޳һЦҹ
˵꣬⣬ȥ
ӳҪҪ׷ߵʿ޳ܣЩԥʵǿغǣЩҵļһץڵô죬ȴû˵
ƳƬ̣ŵˣҪȥǼһʲôơ
ǶӳСһ㰡ҸоѾԴξ硣ʿŵѵ
ƹһЦȻˣĻսףʵһ㣬ġ
˵ţƱ㻯һ̹⣬׷˳ȥ
Ƭ֮޳ڵȵ˽ƣԷ۳ɫǹҪæԭҲظЦƣ
ƶʱסĿ޳ɻĵǣˣ
æݣС˲֪٣ղðˡ
޳״вϲǸðûԼõĵңҸմӺ׶չسڳеǸǼٵġ
ʲôƴ󾪣ŵĿ޳ŷӦЩȻĵѹ֣չس֮䡣
ҡҡͷǹ޳ŭԣȻһѱǼٰģʲô֤
޳Цһʱ٣ðƻ֮£ԼʱȴҪ»ɡ
εĶŽƷųһϢ̺ԼͱԴÿ˶ͬԽʶݡ
ܵϢ֮󣬽Ƽѵջسǹȴڼֵĵ⣬ȷϢڳеҲͬϢң޷㻹бİ취֤𣿡ԥѾʼ
޳״˼շתû뵽Ǹðƻȱ£ԼϢٰܼ磬Ϊ֮ƣֻյ֤ԼˣǺԼϵһġ
û˿޷ͷ֮Ҫջðƻע⣬һ£ŵҿʱֵĹ߸ı䣬Ϊ˱ǸĻɣȻǳСҪϸ
Ƶͷ̧ͷĿתĶ֡
޳߶ַ꣬һ˲Ϣ֮ıһ¹ߵǿȣָֺܿԭ
𣿡֮޳ʵ
ݣĵСڲȷţ֮ǰðԭ¡
޳һȡһˣڣԸһоô˰ɣ
ƾ󿴿СİѴӼ֮İڣľһжϸ˵
ԭڰǰ峤ڳпᣬ̸Դֵķ⣬Ȼһ޳һģһԦ
ʱĳܴ󣬼ˣ˲ҵȥӭӣȴϽǣ˵ҪȥһҪ飬֮Ż
ְ֮һʢӭʽвľĴС峤йһӭ
ȻٴλѾ̤߲ƣͷϵɢǿϢԴ
˴󾪣˵չصĹзԼּߣ˶̶һ¾ͰԴ֮㣬Ҳڶ㡣
£֮Уһ֮߸еϲϾ㹻ǿ󣬲ܸõıǣ֮ѾӵСһ֡
һ棬Ҳʼģٶȹ죬ԴֵĹӦԽҲǰ췣ĵڶ׶Σš
ʱһΣԴµܹԴԴҲܵ˺
ƺҲ⣬˵ӦԵİ취ԭҪһֱչģȴ֮ǰȻӦľб䣬ǰ
ʱ䣬ҵ˱仯ڣڲľֵļ֮أһħߣǿϹħޣػϹʱĸԴ֡
Ѿħ֮УȡһЩϹĹֻҪ㹻Դ֣ܺܿͻΪ
ǣΪ˹Щ񹦷ҪôħȡõϹԴֽƷԽߣܽĹԽ
ӣľʱ߷׷ӿħ֮УѰԴ֣ЩϹħ̫ǿкܶʵϵ͵˸߲˶Զ㱻ɱ
ˣϹ񹦷ջǼǿģЩС岻ٳĽħߣϴҲֻɳǿǰΣգֻҪܹҵԴ֣˳ȡܴӼõĹ
ļ֮ڣ˵ķ֮̽£ħߵһѾûԴ֣ЩϹħҲɾ
ߣħ޵ѾֻԴܶԸǵȴû˿Դ׷׳ҵԴ֮ǣ񹦷ǿԼʵ
еϹԴ֣󶼼еУκ˽أһ֣ΪмڶԿٵĹ嶼壬˱Ѫֶ壬ٸС
ڼʮ֮ȻԼһϹĹҪûֿ췣Щʻڡ
ԺԴֵĹӦ𲽵չհľ򶼱в
˵ָָԼϵɫսףε̾׻ףҲǼƵģҵʵ
޳ԣĬ죬Żĵսоһ¡
ƿЦһҡͷҲϽ㣬ʵⶫ޷£ѾҵѪⳤһ𡣡
ʲô޳һ㶣ʲô˫Ŀ𺮹⡣


1679 ħ
ѾﾳŶ۷壬Դ֮Ҳһ㣬٣ֻҪ껹ڣܹٴθԭɫս֮У˵սܹꡣ
ּѾ漰˿ҪԴ޳֮̽սȴֱһϢ赲֤һ㡣
Թ𣿡޳Žƣʵν⣬ǴڲƻԼΪһ𺦣ȴӹܶרĽơ
Ƶͷεĵʵҷֻս޷ж֮ҲǸ˻ɣ͵͵ԹʧˣȻ껹ǻսһ𡣡
˵ּң״̬£⻤ս׾Ȼܹҵĳ׳
޳ͷЩϵսڣǼƵģĿľһǵտľ򡣡
Щĵô죿ʵ񣬺˻ҪһЩЩٵ˵
޳üͷһʱȥҴԷĿȻҪħеԴ֣罫ƾͼƣȥ̽̽ħ˵˵֡
뵽޳ƣȴȥħһˣһԴ⡣
ԵҲЩϹԴ⣬ȥڰоţ̺ĲǱԴԪأһЩĶ
󣬽Ʊ޳һ·򱱣ľ֣֮أԽǰߣ·˾Խ࣬ȵĿĵأѾۼ˳ǧĸߡ
ǰħڣڵһѾ̽ϣڳﱸ׼ȥڶ㡣ƶһŹ棬޳
޳ͷ̧ۿȥʱһ·Ͼ͸оʲôطԾڲŻȻ֣ʲôħߣөļҡ
·ħߵڣ׹ͨʱѾؽƣкܶػƺЩϹħ޳ˡ
⣬֪өôˣ뵽ڻ֮еө޳нֱӷȥҪȺ
վסȻһֳִ󵶵Ļסɨ޳һۣŲõĵħѾƿأСͲҪˣ壬ߣ
Сආ޳ᣬֱһ֣С棬֮˲Ϣ֮ԷľԷһ޳ȥ
Ƽ޳ȥε̾ϢһҲ£ʱҪ޳˶һͷ˵
޳Ļͷһ۽ƣɻʵô£
һЦָָԼϵɫսףսƵģһֻʮףս֮˶Բľɱ֮Ȩ
ߣ޳һĵҵԷһҪڰǸԭΣȻȺԼ
˽ƵĿ·޳ܿߵħǰһ峤ڿԷ޳һ˾ȻߵħǰɫЩá
޳Ľƣŵվذݵԭǻ٣ʧԶӭ
˵ţҲ׷׹ȥεĻӻ֣ҷȥ̽ħߵڶ㣬ÿ·ɡ
ʲô峤һ㶣ԳɻƺûƵĻʵǸػǵױΪҪðȥħ棿
֪λӦ޳ȻһװĵǲҪˣʱ䣬Ҷܷ
Ч峤дſ־壬æ㵽һԣεĵǣҶˣ
ưˣߵħǰ޳ҲĻ࣬һһ㣬
ħǰ޳ĴͼѰөȵȴָûκټӦǱ˸Ųˡ
̾ϢһֵͷħڣȻһİ׹ͨʱѾ˸󷨣Եࡣ
˻࿴һۣУһ׹ͨ޳͸ӦʮʲһϢЩϢɱͷŭӦϹħɢġ
˲֪ã·ʼγ磬޳æԽƵҪεˡ
ƴӦһæʩչܣɻʵô֪Щģ
޳ΣʱֲѺөϸ˵ֻõ֮ǰѾӡ
һ֮󣬶ںı棬޳ͨөڵĶߣմͨȴǰ·Ѿ
ƣ߶ĳһƣǶͨľʯȴ˿׷Ľ˵ħе·ʯӲޱȣֻжԴıԴܻ֮顣
޳ԣӽԴ֮ȻѾͻƵڶ㣬ȴոտʼֻǳ׶Σ֮δȹ̣޷ӶԴ
өͱھʯɽУȻ϶ȥ󷽵ɽ֪өôˡ
ˣˣڴʱ󷽴峤޳ͷȥֳ֮⣬һ¹һʵӽԴ
ûԼ峤ҲΣЦŨ´Σգǰġ
Ŷƿ޳һֺۣͬ⣬ŵͷָָǰľʯܴʯ𣿡
˲ԼͬĻ࿴һַۣ׷¶ɫ峤ΪѵĵǺԣҪ̫ıԴһûԴˣʵڵòʧ
лᣬ޳æԽʹ˸ɫ߻⣬򶨵ĵǺãǾͺ򿪣ҪʯĶ
Σֻÿһǰֱվλֻڱ˴˵ļϣͬʱְھʯ档
޳棬һĳֺ֮Լ˵ıԴʱ䡣
Ȼãͬʱһ͵һǾʯʱ飬Ϊޡ
޳˲ֱӳȥȴԭԴֶѾөȻҲɽѰһҲûзκϢ
޳Ȼ˳ɽ峤˹ǵϢȣƺղ̫
εĿ˽һۣ޳Ѿֽţƣȥڶ㿴
У峤ɫһ䣬˲ϵԼϢֱ˵ڶ̫Σˣſڵֻ񣬾ɱһԴ
ַŭĿ޳ʲôȻˣ
Ƽ״ȵίɵʹרŸġ˵޳ʵݣֺȻĿڣһδ֮ǰ֪Լ¶ǽ
ʹ峤ɻĿ޳૵⣬ôһʹ


1680 
ΣֻһµѵΥ
峤岻һ£æͷС˲ҡ
ǻʲôȥڶڡ޳ǆ£ȻƸԼһʹݣҲֱ˵
¹ѾվεĻ࿴ŲĵĴ޳ͽȥ
ص׹ͨ·תһߣܵĶڶɰ׹ǹɣմѪϻкܶມǡ
˲һ׹һ·ǰУշתһΪɽѾһ磬һڴðܵĻ⡣
峤ηĿһۻ⴦ǵڶڣһֱǻ֯˼νʧˡ
޳߹ȥ̽Ѿ𿾵ĺܴʱӣڻ֮Уһ˫۾עԼ
һѵǻ񣿴ʱ˫۾Ȼһ˿ĺɫѸٱ޳æˡ
䣡飬Լٶӳ峤һˣҲƣֱܡ
¹״ԥƬ̣ҲԼͬת
ͦģ޳Цһڶ̶̵һ˲䣬ѾԼٶ޷ӵٶȵģ͸ѡ
Ȼ˻ûܳԶͱ׷ϣ˲ûûüֱӻΪҽ껹ܣȴһֱɢ֮С
ͻȻ޳ҲҿѾڶ㣬лάֱ֣ӱ
ȴûܵʲôӰ죬ֻǻ޳ߣĿŵڶڴ
û°ɣƿ޳Ϯĵʵ
죬޳ȹƵԼͷУԷֱӹ꣬ҪСһ㡣
ʲôһ£ɻĵղŷΪҺ޷Ӧ
޳Ҳס˿ϵɫսףȻ֮ʲôҲһжǼıƵսף֪Լˣûй㡣
̵ģŭһ˴սףйԼķŭµô᲻ףֻҪսϣԼΪĿܡ
ʱܻѾΧһȦ޳ͽưΧУȴһСӻĺ棬ڿһֻȫɻɵľ
۾޳ųϷʵ飬һһϣƺ˵ʲô
ϧ޳ûκԻŭʲôȻٰҵݡʱѾȷħ߾ǼŪģеϹħޣȻҲ¡
Ȼһ£ɢٴ֮ʱѾһ
սѾˣΪλ鸴ӵĿ޳޸п̾
޳һ㶣ЩĿɻɵӣ˫Ŀһʵʶң
ӺȻ쳤ЦЦߺͳЦ֮󣬲ֵͷĿ޳һһ磬ʱг˯̫ãѾ׵ܵ˰ɡ
˵ţ͵չ˲仯һֻվԳɢ޿ɱܵеǿƣôվԭأŭ
޳ķɫǽɫ֪棬ֳڷ֮أѵǽף
̽ʵף
վԳЦЪ˹غˣûҾףΪ˱סѪס
ʲô޳һ׵ķ·һֱԸⴥĳ䣬ʱһ˸
ģ޳˫ĿãΧ仯һǲԶŴ֮С
Ϥĳ޳Ĺˣвһ뷨ȻӦĴڣʱ׹ԭԼѾþ
ƣ޳һ꼤ǰһڣܳ仯ٴλصʵ
ȻӦ֮ˣȻôܿʵЩ˵Цϧٸߣ֮أԶҲ볬ҡ
ܵĻ濪ʼ޳֪̺ĻԴ֮ĿǰԼ޷ֵģɴҲֱԼꡣ
ȴԵ÷ǳɫǹŭʲô˺ȹһء
ߣһܶѣҲҷһһ㣬ڰеĽƺȻͣ٣ֱֱ¡
ȻңǾջľԴս׺ˡ˵󣬽ɫս׿ʼһƬƬ䣬ÿһƬʹһƬѪ⣬۵ʱ
գս׶֮󣬽ƵֻʣһѪܵĹǼܣȻ죬ڳ׶ϾϢ
㣡޳ŭһ˫ĿͨĶףƻû겻ǿ󣬵ʱ̫õĻ϶᳹䡣
ǻãЦһֶ޳磬Դӵһʮûм˰ɣһеء
̬޳ŭһ׺һûȫָ䣬㵱굽ʲôȻӣ
ߣãûֱӻشֻĵи׵󱣻޷ɱ꣬ʱͷɡ
˵ţܻȻ޳ɹΪԼҪٺͻ峤һĽֵʱ򣬺ȻЩ沢ûֱӰԼ飬һʴľ
ʹӣʱ޳·ڱĶ˺ҧ˺ѷεʹκʱҪǿҺֱ̣꣬ʹ
ڣ޳Ҳ̲סͽһʹĵ£屾ܵķϣܻʹ࣬ȴ޼¡
ôױŵĿЦйеϲá
㣬쵰޳ѾĥʹȻˣɴֱ˶Լ״̬ûʹĺá
ҪԱȻоӱĳʱһΪʵ϶ǾŶԴȻĿƻ˿š
ʧȥϣ޳޷ӱܣֻܱĵʹ࣬ʱһĹȥÿһ̶Եޱ
ǣ޳һǱ޷ģܵĴٴҲڤڤ֮ƺĳڱꡣ
ƺҲ֪һ㣬һֱĥ޳ʱоûʲô˼ˣջػ棬ĵߣôܿΪλҪҰ㵲췣
ˣ޳Գޱߵʹ֮УվִڵĲΪβ븸ΪвѵĿԡ
˵֣׸Ӽҵĸףûһ׻ԼĶ֮أ֪˶ãߵһҵ͵͵һЩѪ֮ĳˡ


1681 а
ָ޳ЦһΪԼܻڣΪʲô֮еǵĪӦ֮˵һҪӦ֮Կô󻹲ʧˣ
޳𶯣ǴӱԴռеԴλɾе֪ԼӦ֮ˣȴû뵽ʮǰԼǰսѾӵӦ֮ǹʲôȻܹԿ
޳еҪ֪Щǰ£һоԴνģϧƽҪѯʵʱȴȻһЦ˲ʧ
׵ʧܵĻҲȥ޳֮һɢڲдĻϢʱ䣬ų׻ָ
ܹٴж޳ѰҽƵ꣬ڵһת˰죬ȴûκη֣нϣѾˡ
ʧ޳صڶڣϵɫսײкų֮ӦһֻһЩͨĲʣϢ
ܵĻ棬Űɣ޳̾Ϣһսײкպãðսڶ㣬ȴûʲôеҲֻǼСĿĵص㲻ϣɾͿԽ
Щص֮޳ĴѰҲûзʲôϹԴ֣㬵뿪˵ء
Ű׹ͨȥٴλص棬ѾɫĿȥ޳ʱȻ֮ǰڶڵЩȫɱʬĶѷһ𣬴ǵ޷ӦκϢ
޳ŭһʹ׵ĲбּҴҵĻصǣȴ־ʮĵطѾǣ泤˸ʽĹʻͷųϢܹϮҲһӰ졣
֮£źܶǵ߻ٶмԴ֣ʱͬʬһ㣬ľȻŸֹʵۿɼٶͻͽ
ȻһĻȴԵ˲޳ŭһƿһƬ˽ȥ
ιҪˣסһ壬ֹ
˴Ŀ޳һۣľȻϥ£˿ûͣ٣еԴҲѸٵıС֮С
޳Σֻȥǰһ·ߣԴеѾʧȥϢŤһţǳĿֲ
ǵʱΪԽԽ࣬ǵȫһţеѪⶼһţοȥԴ졣
޳ľڣֳѾȫûκӰϵ͸Ѫ֮Դ֣òҲ֪Щ۳εġ
ۡ޳ѪԴ࣬ĴмѳһСɽıԣվʮɫս׵ˡ
޳߹ȥһһ£˺Ȼأս̱ȥһЩѪ⡣
һһȥսףȫһǵѾս⣬ʱֻʣһǡ
ףΪҪҵĲľ򣡡ŭ޳ɵУϵŭ𣬷ймߡ
ΣײӦ޳ʵҲȥսͽ޹ķйһͨջص档
˼ʱ䣬޳ѪԴֶռѳһԴɽ֮⣬ʱûкõĴ취
ЩѪԴֲ̺ӴıԴԪأеĸǺһЩĻ˿ֻҪﵽ㣬ͿΪá
޳ɱδԼҪаΪֻھƽţԪԼİ֮ڲһ£ܾΪԴ޷뿪֮ˡ
ʱڣټĲľֻʣ޳һˣ˼ôڹ컯֮£ҵš
Դִ֮СɽȡһѪԴ֣еıԴԪأάٶȡ
겻ǿ󣬱ҳЩ̺˿ѪԴ֣ͬòá
º޳쳤ХѪڣ͵ﾭʱչѾǿ㹻ɸ֮
֮УҲ˿㹻̫ѾһǵСɽ޳̾ϢһһЩѪԴʶ֮С
ڷ֮أ޳겢ܽʶģǵпһͨʶͨЩԴֵױʲôطȴǲ֪ģֻеȳȥ֮ϸѰҡ
֮ǰչĺ׶ھ붴ǿԲʯǹɲµϢڡ
޳ַųһ֮ԴʵѾڷ֮ʹã֮һֻƣûԲʯ
ܿ죬һõĺٴγ֣û³ˮֻĶ޳
Ҫջ֣ܿҪʧˡ޳˵
ԣȻŤܿ컯һֱͻ˵УδΣҪһʱա
޳Ҳջʵã
ͻһۣƬ̣ٸ죬֮㾡ջ֡
ãľлȻԴûּ޳ΪһоԼӦȥһռͬͻҪ
лͻĿ޳һֵۣ翴㲻Ҫȥ
޳ĮȻʱͻѾûʲôȤԷϹʲôޣҲֻڷ֮棬棬ᱻͷȻˣֺα
޳ƺûб¶̫ྪȣͻҲһ㶣ֵˣҪץˣĻ˿ֽţʱһһ¡
޳Ŷݣתһ룬ûʲôģôԼȻ֣ܲȻԼΪ뿪϶ЩѪԴ
ѪԴ֮УȻҲײõĺ֣޷ɱԼȴֲľʹηŹΨһܷйķŭģžǶԼһˡ
죬޳αľһѰԴ֣һ߸ӦөϢԼһսѣϣԷܻġ
ϧ˼ǧԴ֮⣬ûκջөϢ񳹵״Ӳľʧһ㡣
֮޳ԲʯۿŰ͸Բʯѿзɳһͷķɻ
ܺãáɻ˫ĿЦЦ³һɫӣ֮ǰʹõĻ걦ΪаԾһа
޳΢΢һЦӹа걦Уʱо֮࣬£ɻ˿֮йȻ΢ɲѪ֮
ЩѪ֮ǲܿƵģײеаƽʱãڹؼʱ̱Լ񣬿϶Ҫӡ
а걦ԴһаĹ޳Ѹһ飬㽫걦պãԺл
ˣ뿪ľ֮ǰٰһæ޳аʶ֮Уɻֳ˵
޳ɻĿȻ׹ʱԼĿľҪķ֮Լƽϣ뿪֮ء
ɻҪģ޷Ǿֵʱ򣬸һָЭ


1682 ڲ
޳ͷɻľֵĵطܵĹипǧԼľҲ
̾Ϣһ޳˿Ŀǰļޣө˵ֻаھŲ㣬ȫ֣ʱз֮ӣɵĴ֮غԪ½֮Ľϡ
ǣ޳ʱѾ࣬Ǹֶڷ֮شȥҲûʲôǰ;䱻ƴһ
Ҫʼˣ޳̧ͷյ֣˵
ɻûκαʾֻǾվߣ˫Ŀ͸ˮɫĹ⻪ܵ硣
޳Ϣ񣬴߶ֵķյ˲仯ٽͲϱСľĹҲ
ǰ޳ԼĻ˿ȻͷԷɻһֱڲľ򣬿֣
ɻĿһۣҡͷûУǵһ
¶ɫҶԷ֮ҲоȻʲô⣬һ
޳ͷԷɻȫ˽⣬ԷܹԼͲˣʱҲûбҪǿʲô
ų˿ע֮УʱֵϢ֮ͣܵʼټ١
һֱĬĬĿһĻķɻ˫Ŀһƺ뵽ʲôȴû˵޳ʶ˿֮С
ڲһ磬ûκϢĿ޾ĴգһЩߴڵĻǺͱԴռһģһ
޳ҪԼ꣬ĿǰȻ֮ܲȴ֪ڵģֻԼ̫С޷Ӧ
У޳겢ֻܽ˿̽Ŀĵǰţϣҵʲô֮ӴĶ
֪˶ãܿʼһɹɵ΢ϢЩϢ֮аŵıԴ֮Ϊ޳ƾԴҲδ
ЩԴ֮֮޳ٶȣɲϣԼܵδ֪˺
εĿ˿Լ޳һǰƶţܵϢҲǿ󣬿ʼһɹɵ
޳һСģһεʱеһ𶯣ܿƵŤ
ãæסһԶܣǹ󣬾ķԼĻ˿Ѿԭ߳ɡ
ÿֲķ磡޳̾СǰУڣûзַ֮ĴڣʱЩɥ
ǰһΣܵʼܼǿҲ֮ǰԱȽϵģ޳ȫע˿⡣
˲֪ãڣǰһĿĹ򣬺ЩĹ
޳һĿ򣬵ȵǰѾûϢڣл
ڹԱߣ޳·ҲһֺݵĸоǼĶŮȻһĪջ
Ƿ֮𣿡޳ŹܣǴ׵գǰȥ֪òٴ
磬ðһ°ɣ޳¶ģһ˿ӽڼʱ򣬺Ȼ֮һǣס֣
޳һ㶣˿˲ջأڷɻģܣûκټʶɻѾǿ󵽿ֱͨԻ
Ϊʲô޳Ĭ
ⲻҪҵĶɻϾͷ֮޹أ
⣬ʲô޳̲סʵ
ֻܸ㣬һֲ֣ж̽ɻޱ֣صĵ
̾ϢһҵһҪ뿪֮أΪðűġ
ʲô޳Щ⣬Էɻ˺ܶܣȴû뵽ȻʧܣŶںġ
Ȼǰ޳Ҳֱʵܸңܵõ֮𣿡
ɻ֮⣬еһУǷ֮ɵģͻ˿ڣʵ棬ʱеģǷ֮һѡ
޳𶯣ĵ˵ҴʱܵһУǷ֮Ļ󣿡
ɻε̫̾С޷ҲкôֻǿγӦܹҵ򣬾Ѿ˳Ķ˺ܶ˰ɡ
޳ͷЩұεһ㣬ͻܴܵ𺦣ԸСġ
ͶˣɻȻҵѾ㣬еޱȣзɻһٶ츳ջһеǷ֮鹹ģʵлܵ˺ΪԴŻָһЩ
޳ȻСɻôǿҲʧˣԼֻԴΪ걻𣬲֪ʵ᲻
βܵõ֮أ޳ʳؼ⡣
ɻ˵ˣҪѰң֮֮УֻҪ취ܵлὫơ
޳ԣüͷشû˵ûʲôܹͨλ˿ܵԼڣһŽɫĹڲ޷͸
ʵ㹻ǿ󣬻޳ܳװ˿ʱҲĿԼṹʱȴûֻġ
ڹȻΣգȴֹ룬޳ҲȫעĹ۲Լ꣬˿ջأΧ겻ͣת
׸أ޳һҧһ˿֮УʱоǿһЩ
޳ʧղıǿΪ˿˶ѣεٴΰǵ˿˼
ĺһɻȻ˵ҵһ˿ҲԹǿд꣬澿ʲôϧû⵽ֱӱˡ
޳ĮȻѵԼҪĺͷɻһ³ĿܣûϢ뵽ַΧŷ
޳ʵҲµĲ㵱Ҳ걣ܰĵоɣΪֻᱻεأ
ɻ̾Ϣһεĵÿһʱ䣬ͻƶҲʧ֮ǰһ̲׹
ʲô޳򣬷ôͣ˿ûҪ뿪˼ʱüʵʱǶã
Ҳ졣ɻƬ̣شҵʱһ죬оʱ򣬺Ȼоεķֹڷٵ뿪һжѾˡ
ˡ޳ͷȻˣҲһĵ
޳ѯʷɻоḶ́һϣԼһҲһĨڣȫǿ²⣬ϵĳԸַ


1683 ֳǹ
󣬷ɻ֣ѻ˿һǹ֮󣬱ȵĻ˿л꣬̽еĽṹ
ʱɻ۲쵽ģȴһƬհף֮ûκϢڣ·޴Ŀռʱ䣬ʹ꣬ٴγҲǹ˲һ˲䡣
޳˼ԣֱΪģĹǿģܹʱƣʹ츳ٵͣҲܳΪǿߡ
ڲռ䣬û޳֪ûо
˽ϣ޳ʼжǰ˿һγһǹݺݵĳԼ롣
꼫Ϊ̣˿۵ĳǹֻǴһ֣Ҳ޷ʹ˲ϯ޳žʹϼӴ
գ޳ʧˣʹһ㲻ͬ޷־ǿܵģһִң˿Ҳʧȥǹ壬ԭΪɻ˿⡣
Ϣһ£һ֮ɻȻ
޳һ㶣Ƭ̣޳ʱķɹˮɫĻ˿ÿһɵǿޱȣɢŶ˵Ϣ
ǣ޳ȻĿЩ˿ʶʵ
ҵĻ˿ֻɵʵӦܰһѡɻޱȣΪѵ˵
޳һůмĵл
޷ɻŴνĵȥãܹɹҲϣ
ͷ޳ϢƬ̣ӹ˿ĿȨԼ˿һ𣬳Ϊɫĳǹ
˿ǹɢǰδеƣ޳һԼꡣ
ˣ·һ޳˲һִֻصٳ֮ǰֳ棬ƴĹȫһ
ûô£Ȼѿһȱڣ޳͸ɻ˿۲ڲ
һ֮£޳⣬һޱߵ磬һͷɻ˵Ĳͬڵġ
ңǹ޳˵ǳϤȻڽɫԳģȷһ֮ϲӡ
ɫԳʲôطͨ˿޳ųԼϣܹõӦ
𣡰죬һ·ޱմĳХ𣬲һ˲֮һߴӰ֣ǽɫԳ
ʱɫԳѾ֮ɫʮǻƣ֮Уһε߲ʳǹ
ǹ֮޳һ㶣̺ȫһıԴ˽ľˮл֮⣬ûмġ
һɣԼԼ͸¶Ť֮Ϣһɣõķǳ죬˲Ϣ֮䣬ͻǿת䡣
֪֮ʲôط𣿡ȱĻָţ޳ܸо𽥱䵭æʵ
𣡽ɫԳͺһ˫Ŀȱڵķ򣬴ųȵϢ־Ȼ͵һƣȱڱպϵ˲䣬ͳһۺϢ
Χ·쫷ι˿ص棬޳Ŀܣڷٵ뿪
ڻ˿ĺ棬ǣһ͸ǣ޳ֻܹͨϢܵĴڣʱоû˹ıϯֻܽĸŹƶ
ޱߵУٵţ޳˿ͣ٣þȫ׷ϣһε֮ǰŬȫ׷ˡ
ڴ׵޾֮УʱͿռ·û壬޳һ̲ͣ׷ŹļΪ޴󣬽һ˿ʧȥά֣ʧ
ʧȥ˶Ի˿ĸӦ׷֮е޳žѹæ߶Ҫٴμ˿ȴѾ޷
ʱֻ˿ǣ꣬޳ٶȽòٴμӴģǿ׷ϡ
ɻ𣿡оȥǰ취޳ֳһԷɻʵ
죬ɻͳ𣺡ҶˣѾɹĴȡ÷֮Ҳע⣬񲢲ϣܰȻ뿪
ɻЩɥ޳⣬ʵΪʲôҪҺûгͻɣ
ּ𣬺ʲô𣿡ɻȻ̾νһǿ㹻ǧĴڣȻһֱ̽飬ʵǱһ𡣡
޳ȻɻĻһγѵĸоȷɹĴԲƽʱ򲻹ԸԸΪڶ
ѵǧ磬һҪһ޳Щĵ뵽ɻ²ⲻҲԶͣˣԼ걻
ȥ޳ɴͣ£ʱܵϯæܣѾ˼ûбε
淢飬ȴӳԾЩڹιԼ֮󣬲ûٻ׷Źɳȥˡ
޳˼ֹԼûй۲֪ЩĿǹֺαܵô࣬װ˷̫
ȹ㹻Զ֮޳ߵҲðֻżĹιٶȻ죬ȴû֮ǰôܼͿֲɵĶܡ
Ȼ޳㿪ʼо˿дǿ͸ǣǣȻܹܵǵϢȴȫζʲôҲ֪ĲεΡ
⣬Ƿ֮ɻ𣬼ĵȻɹˣȵȣЩ֮ôĲһ
޳һ㶣ɻˣӦ֮˱в֮źܶܣЩҪˣЩ֮㹻뿪֮ء
ʲôǣ޳ɻʵ
ɻԵüΪ˷ܣһֻܹȡһ˿֮Ǳ뿪ΪѣڲͬЩ֮㹻ǿԱǵȻϣһиࡣ
Īԣ޳Ц̫ˣҲ֪θм㣬Ǿʹһȥɡ
޳ֶһʵҸôȥ
ɻһЦ棬ֻҪЩε鹹𣬷֮Ȼ
޳üͷŷɻַҲ̫ðգԥƬ̣ųķҵ겻ܵ˺𣿡
ɻԳĬ죬ŵֻ֪취㲻Ը⣬Եȼ꣬ҵʵָȥ
ꣿ޳ЦһǻˣʱԼ˳ȥԪ½Ҳˣε̾ϢһͣƶĿһι
ʱǿϯ꣬޾ʹУ޳֧ţƻ˿Ĳס͸ǡ
ڣǿ걻ɢһ˲䣬޳ʧȥеĸоһ̣͵³һѪſۣѾص˲ľ


1684 Ͽռ
־Ȼڣ޳ķ֣һűԭС˼ֵǰɻѾȭͷСͣ档
ɻֵĿ޳һۣʵ˭ֻʧģ
ѵ𣿡޳ļǵө˵ĻûбҪƭԼɡ
ɻЦƵĻ걦̺ķ֮޾ֻȡôһ㣬ôʧ
ԭˣ޳а̾өĴ⣬δ֪ԼҪ뿪֮أԺҲûлˡ
׼뿪ɣ޳һԼΪѾԴΪΣǵ㣬ʱֻܼһ˿ʤޡ
ãɻĵ޳һָ͸Ĺֳ룬ڿз죬۳ŽСĹ
׼𣿡ɻĿĿŹ򣬳ʵ
޳뵽Ԫ½ѺͼˣͷξκΣգڡ
ɻ޳˼Ȼ߶˿ƹ⣬Χƶ˷תγһС
ܱϢ޳нҲܣǷ֮ɲܽӴΣлܣϣԺᣬμϢԼĸо
еԽԽ죬ܿʼŤ֮޳һŤ֮˺ѿռ䣬ƾͨ޷ֵġ
ɻСģҪʼˣԴնܻסԼ
޳߶֮γһɱԴɵĻܣŤ֣֮Ť֮вͣǿ
ģΧĿռѿγƬֲϵںϣÿһںϹ󣬶γһµ磬ܵĲľҲ׽顣
䣡Ȼ޳еһдһƬɵ磬ѾȫŤ֮ɣڿռΪȹ̣ûгѷ졣
ʲôط޳ܣʵ
ӦþǷ֮غԪ½֮Ľˣû뵽ô󡣡ɻҲЩ⣬˵
޳ŻȻףԭϲǼ򵥵һƣҲһĿռ䣬ǿŤ֮ѹֻͨ
͸Яķ֮Դնܣ޳ڽ֮аȻĴڣٿɻԵøɣʩչڿ
ǰڡɻȻ̧ͷһ򣬽ŵ˵󣬱޳ɹȥ
޳ҲľѣϼΣյĿռ䣬ȻڣڴԽϵǿߣԭ
Ǻߣ޳ֱҪǿ󵽺̶ֳȣ
ܿ죬ɻɳǧ֮ͣǰĿռǻɫģ𽥳һ
ǳŹ֣ûκ֧ţˮȴȻˮмǧ׿ȻŤ֮ҲƣС
޳еȵģȴںˮ߮ĹŹЩͺСŸɫâ֮䲻ϵɱһʬ˲ᱻɸɾ
ǿħޡɻ̾һַɸһЩΪЩħ޾ȻԽһЩŤ֮ˮ棬嵽׸ߵϿգеΪеΪ˲ʳ
޳ĿɿڴЩֲħޣʵ㿴ǵ൱ڼԴ
ɻĿ¶˼ȻĵǿʢʱûԴնܵıҲ޷Ť̫֮ͣãЩħޣѾɹǡ
ʲô޳𾪣Ҫ֪㣬˿۳ɻţҪѻɹǣһΪѺĹ̡
ƾճֵĺеħޣȥûʲôǣȴӵں˵ǣֱš
ǺûȤͨЩ޳ľ̾
ɻȴü̧ͷ˸㣬ҸղŸܵϢҪˡ
޳һ󣬲ιȥľĵɣ˵иļһϹ
䣬ȻĿһɱˮһ٣ͣжԼͬľۼ룬ûһ¶ͷ
ĿһĻ޳ͷɻľ࿴һۣӶԷп˿־ͽš
λӺδ׼תܵʱһƺĳħԣ˵
޳һ£ľȻĻشǴӷ֮ġ
ɻȴ¶ʹ飬͵شһ޳ĺѣعȴִʱѾһ׸ߵľˡ
˵ǾˣȴǹСȫһͨ壬Źͷһ飬ǸɮˣȴһѪġ
ȤɮЩĿ˷ɻһۣȻͷ촽ЦԭˮԴޣѾܾûԹˡ
ɻԣ̲ס˸£ɮ͸а֮иǳԻħǿάԼȹ̣ŭһߣɮʲô·
ɮԣְ֣ڳһׯϵӣ飬ţӷƽɮԵµλϴŽѵǴСӳģ
޳͵һԴ˵ӦСʹǧ֮ĽУѵʲôط⣿
ɻҲһ㶣æס꣬תȻ˫ĿԲ¶ŭݣ⣬Ǳƭˡ
ô£޳æʵʶǷ֮⡣
ɻ̫̾ļûϸ̽鷨֮룬֮ôǿ󣬾ΪǽСʹǧ֮ĽǰԪ½
Ԫ½ԵȻɫһ䣬üˣĿⶨ޳ϣȻ뵽ʲôЦˣˣû뵽ҽ첻ˮԴ޳ԣǿһӵӦ֮ޣҵ²˼̳ˡ
쵰ԵҪԼɻŭģ˲˫ʵֱ࣬³һˮһɫˮԷ
ԴЦһ鳬ǰһӣˮ㱻Уɻζʱ𶯣ɫ˲԰ޱȡ
Сģ޳Σǰڷɻǰ棬û뵽ԵȴûнζĿԼ
Ҫʲô޳ͷƤ飬ʵ
ԵһЦԳʥʣׯϵĵͽαȻô뱣һ£ˡ
˵꣬Եѷһ˦֮УʱˮһɾգЩǿ׷׷γһˮ棬ʧ
Щ޳кȻͺ¿ʵɲ⣬ܹڽʩչҲûз֮껹ǣѾǿĵز
֮Եţջأֶ޳һָųһ˿ֱӽεĲס


1685 
Ҫʲô޳ǻ˿ȴԽԽ嶯ãֻܴ
Ե΢΢һЦشתɣܿٶһֲĳ̶ȣܵŤ֮ϢſγһĿռͨ
֪˶ãԵȻͣ£ĶһȻˣαضزء
ߣһıǣһ߲׵ľ޴Ӱֳ֣߲ʳǹңңָԵŭԵ˷ˡ
ŶԵüӣĿ¶ɻ֮ɫʵƾʲô
ϵļƻܴ˰Ȼ˵
֣ԵɫԱ䣬ǼֵĵУҲˣѵõӦ֮壬ҵֻؽ١
ЦһҾ㲻Ҫԣ̤ƽ¡
ңԵҧгݵĵһСС׼ɣҲڱǰСҳ㡣
¶ɫĺһֵּĵԵ㲻ҪԼа벽ֻص䣬Ϊȡ£ʱǵã϶ܵͷġ
ԵЦһһַųһ⣬Աߴһռѷ죬ֶ˵ٷϻҶ²ֱ㡣
˵꣬Ե̤ռѷ֮Уʧ˶˰죬ջ̾Ϣһһ⣬˽ȥ
Խռѷʱ޳ܲǿѹ˹ȥٴѹԼһ޴档
ľǣɢϢܹѹΪڵ͵ﶼüСһո̤ﾳ߾ܰɱ
ܣŰɫ赲ߣ͸ԼԿܶһģһֲΧ
ιʲôط޳վĻ꣬ԿպûκλӦȻ£˿ֻоƣƺովһճ־õĶս
ˣ취ָʵɣ޳̾Դ֮ʼոտԴʱϲķ֣̺֮ܵıԴΪǿ󣬶ҲΪףƺרΪԴ֮׼ġ
һ֮޳һʱ̰ΧıԴ֮Լĵ;
ʱһ̶̰գ޳ʵָһ٣ĳѾﵽޣʱҪȹһ¡
ȹʵͬʱֿʼ֮ǰΪֶΪҲڶ̶̵İڻָֿһμ˿
޳ոսʱԵȻͣһ仨棬ѾܳһСϴһ˿ƣ롣
޳һæԴնܣԵȴȻЦΪ֮УССԴնܵסʲô
һ޳̽ʵΪҪĹѾ֣ûκ⣬һ֮УʱͻŤ֮ӿ
ԵȻɫзӣͱ˸ɱˡ
޳һ㶣ԼһôҪԼͼԵ飬ǰһ룬ȴһ߲ս׵ˡ
˭޳ɻʵ
ԵһЦǺһԪ½
޳ԸӲ⣬ӵ߲ˣֻɾԷʱԲҪɱˣȴûм˭
Դ޳¶ɻɫֱӽ͵ǴϹʱھͽԪ½ļµһ
޳ԾĪԣȻһ뵽ʲô̽ʵѵģ
ԵͷֱζĿ޳һۣһЦԿ꣬һֱһСаԼԪ½Ҳ֮һ
޳ͷʣΪҪɱң
Ҫ˵𡣡ԵЩĿ޳˵֪ͨ˲ͬӵжصӦ֮ΨһԿĴڡ
޳𾪣ʵôҼǵáҪ˵ԴռеλɾҪԼӦ֮ӳǸط־ЩףԵͶԷʲôϸĻ᲻Լ
Եƺܿ͸޳뷨һЦҶûж⣬ҪʲôУһһҵƿ֮£ڡ
޳Ը𾪣תһ룬ҲȻǽϿռ䣬غеﶼһοԵײ׽ǵĹˡ
޳ĬԵŵǴǧ磬ڶС磬ӵӦ֮˶ǼΪġһȻᾪȻ뾡һа취ܹڣӦһɼĸԼ÷֮ӡ꣬ûбǷ֡
˵꣬˼ĵҲ²ⲻǸӦþԪ½ĵһν
һν޳һʣѵкܶ𣿡
ԵЦСһĹȻһԿĴǸ˾ǽҪԵѹ̫󣬾⵽췣ֲ˶þͻ𣬵ʱȻѡµĽǶԿ
ԭˣ޳ͷ̾ǶԿߡ
ԵȻһЦŵӦ֮ˣͲܵǵӰ죬ʺҵֻؽ١
ʲô޳Ŀʵ֮ǰԵץסԼҲҪͽ
Եǧɷ֧֮УЩ֮һɲģǾһһÿһʱͻỺתһ֣ÿתһȦһֻأǧĿǰѾֻأǵΡ
˵ԵпĵǴһֻлģʱ֮𵴣޷ɹǵֽΪԴɣû㹻Ҳֻֻأٲ
޳ţȴѣ뵽֮󣬴ǧĲ󣬱Ե˵Ϊ˶ֻأΪᱻŤ֮û뵽ȴռ˷
޳̲סʵǺͬһ
ԵЦһεĵ¶һ룬νʵһֻصû뵽ɣ
ʲô޳ɴ˫ĿʱȻش𣬾Գһʱָ֮о
ʵÿһֻصĩڣǧ綼֮⣬ûκ˵ܹڣֻؽ֮ǰԷͬʱ뱻֮顣
ԵָָܣЦԣȥΪľǽϵʸ񣬶һɹڽд˷ڣҲΪڵķ
޳ԣȻԼһЩϢ̾κڷ֮ǰǴġϿռ䣬ӦҲǶİɡ


1686 ֻص
Եͷü˵Ĳϱǲڵģǵһе𽥵ıŤ֮գάֽϵĴڡ
˶Ե̾Ҳ⣬ֻھͱˣֻһ£µĵλǰļλҲ˷ĺ󳾡
޳ԴεɫʵҲڱ
ԴЦһԴʮǰϾͷڵϢʼҵѾӽ࣬ʱ顣
޳ȻЩԵԭҪˣҵһ̳ˣνֻؽ٣һҪӦ֮˲УԲŰԼץ
Ȼˣ޳ҲֱʵΪҪΪͽǲǺӦ֮йϵ
ԵĿ޳һۣЦ֮󣬱˼ֻصķֻص䣬˵ֻҪȫɣܹ׵İֻأ𡣡
ԵĵĽ͵ĵϧֻص֮˵Ҫ󼫸ߣҪ츳Զˣڲֻֿܹصֱҵͽһ˵հһƬ΢һЩ֮һõģȫ߱ΪӦ֮ˡ
޳˼ĵͷԵһۣЩεĵϧͶֻص䣬Ŀǰֻһֻؽ٣ֻֻҵѾʧ
㣬޳ȴûʲô۵ģµĹֻҪѧ֮һʵԱԪ½ˡ
ʱ޳ЩĵڿԿʼ𣿡
ԵĿһۣЦ㻹ͦļðɣס˵꣬зӳڿл߲ۺΪһӵ鼮޳ǰ
޳飬Ŀֻؽ֣ٷʱоһͷĿѣ
ԵŹֵЦҪļ껹ǿǿĶͻܵˣǵȰߵ˿˵ɡ
εİѹϣ޳ɬĵԪ½ƽٽûʱˡ
Եһ㶣ָһ㣬ЦԭˣȻ㳾ԵδˣǿֻؽҲɹұһɡ
˵ţ͵һ֣ǰգһռѷ죬󣬷ųһ˿εİ޳סѷ֮С
ٴγ޳ʱоһϤϢʱ߿֮ϣͷȥһ·ϤԪ½
ڻˡ޳ϲæѰҶڵķλȴѾһɣ赲ʶ̽顣
Եſ޳Ļ˿ɨĿգȻɫһ䣬ã
һӣռŤٴγѷ죬εķ϶ҪС˺ܶ࣬Ҹոγɣٴλָ
⣡ԵɫʱҲټƿգ˫Ŀ͸⣬ϵĳķɨӡ
Ŀⶨڶ򣬶޳ɫͽֻؽպˣҪȥȻһ⣬գۼʧ
ʦʦ޳ѵĺʣȴûյӦ̾Ϣһֲ֪ʱֻؽѾԼ֮С
Ҳǽֻؽ֮ĸӦʱܹĿԼڲ޾СɲȭͷСɫԳİ˯
ȻɫԳֻۣؽ٣Хһ˹ȥ޳ľѣڻ֪ɫԳֻԼ²ԼǰйأϣҪֻؽ١
˲Ϣ֮䣬ɫԳѾֻؽУķոտһۣʱŷĿ⣬Ҳʹĺ
žʹ֮£ɫԳݺݵİֻؽӳȥȻԶԶ㿪ٿһ
޳ŷģɫԳûԼǿԼһҲûдﵽֻؽٵĻҪ
ջ˼޳㼱ҴҵĳصķɹȥʱѾ˺ԪԼʱ䡣
ʱпȡ֧Žص¿ռԪʱԪ½ͳˡ
أԶԶĿԿͨصԪԴ޳΢Ȼ֮䣬˫ĿһԪϷһȻӵߣһˡ
ǸĸǸӣȻǰδԪ飬ʱϢǿ󣬲޳ΪҲ٣ѾܹĿԪľ磬ǾŶԴ֮󣬳ɹɡ
ˣԪ鵭Ŀ޳Լǰûκαĵ
޳һʲôطһ˼ڷ֮ľ֮ʱǸ
ѵ޳ȥԪҪΪУȻǱߵˣ¶û˼͸սߣ֪ԪڵΡ
֮ѵûгɹΪλȡԪ޳ε̾Ϣһ̽ʵ
Ԫ鵭һۣȻת򶫷пĵվǳɹˡ
˵Ī޳ʵʲô˼
Եûи𣿡Ԫƽ磬ûκ
޳ҡҡͷЦһԭ֪һȥϿռ䡣ֿĸЦһҲµĲ֮дҵǹɽӦòʯġ
ңĸηӣ͵͵һԪ飬ſɵİţҲûа취
ߣԪȻһõĵҹ֮صģʵʵٺԪ½ʲôϸ𣬽Ҳлֻصġ
޳ɫ΢䣬ĿԪ飬Ȼĵ㣬㻹ǵңǲǣ
ԪתͷȥĬʱĸڵɲκһһֱھסԪ½ϧʧˡ
ʲô޳һ𣬼æʵΪʲô
ĸ̾ʵɵĳǳӣǰ
סڣĸҪ˵ȥԪȻ͵شһҪ
ǣĸһ£ʵĴͷ˵
޳ȴɵĿĸͱпʲôϧԷϼ޻ʱֻӰģ塣
㵽ʲôˣ޳ΣֻöԪʵ
ʱˣȻ㡣Ԫƽ˵
޳ıӰȻ˵ĸоԪһֱ˽İԼһһʱʶİѶԷԼĸס
ЩʲôãֻǸ֮ǰԪ飬޳̾ϢһЩʵԪ½ˣ
Ԫû˵ĸڵѾϣҲѹڷ֮ռԴֻ֣Ҫ㣬ͻ󣬳жԪ½ʹǧϵʱǻֱԪ½ȫŻȥСС
޳ԣȻЦһԼѾ˼ҪԪ½Ūˣû뵽ְսתƵ


1687 صԪ
εĵڿʲô
ĸ̾Ϣһ֮رͱƣȥˮܿͳ˽ľͻˮ򼯽׼һս
˵ĸηĿһԪ飬ŵɴǴĲɿ֮ʱԪ͵߾ܶԴ֣ʱ䡣
ԭˣ޳ԪĿģƻѾãֻڻûȡԪ˫սδʼ
ٸһʱ䣬һҪԪ½ٺá޳Ԫ飬
Ԫ̾Ϣһһ£һº뽩֣õʱҲġ
޳ͷʾף㻯
صңң޳߶֮˿ǣ˶̶̼ʹ·̣֮ǰҪѼµʱ䡣
⣬޳ŷѾ֣Ϸ͸һϢһ֣ʱ赲ˡ
ܵ򴫳ŨϢ޳м֮࣬ҲһЩԼ˺ѣ²㻹š
Ȼһͨ޳ٶȣУȻһѲߵʿס
վסΪ׵һﾳ߶εߣ֮ǰ޳һԿѪã޳Щӡ
Ǵӹġ޳˵
ԣɫ΢䣬Ĵһ޳ַųһ̽Ϊ
޳΢΢һЦɶԷ̽Լľ֮УʱΪѾԴɵƭԷ
Ȼã˾ɻջĿ޳̾ԭŶδĸ֣ѹִӳ˴ݡ
޳һЦʱٶȼ죬û·ʲô˵ķӦƺʲôΣգôЩΣ𣿡
ԶݵʵǿȻЩħ޷УǶмħһֶǳɰǧÿζɱ⼸Ҳʧ˲ٺ֣
޳²ŽԷеħ޵ζʲôֱֲѯʣϾڶԷУԼһ·ħȺɱġ
Σգ޳Ҳٵʱ䣬ֱӶһȭЦһѣȥͶˣٻᡣ
Ŷٻᣡһ£ʲô޳ȴȻʧĿɿڴߵһҲǾ찡ٶȣֱ˻Ҫ졣
Ϊ֮ȴɫ䣬ȻãΪԲŶΣѵħ仯ģǿȥ֪ͨСһЩ
һ˵Ҳ׷ױɫʱѲߣֱӼҴҵķɻض
޳һɻؼУִʱ޼Ѿۼ˺֣ܶ϶ﾳģоȻмԴϢ
ѭһɱȽϤϢ޳һԺס֮أӺͳ
޳е𾪵ǣÿжһԴ֣Ƿ֮زܲıôԪ½
ʲôˣȻһǴ·һιһһϮµӷ硣
޳һЦһ㶣־ϲĵ֣
󣬺ܿ죬һɫӰ֣ȴǰδ񼧣һ޳˫Ŀ㷺Ứ˹޴磬ڻˡ
޳пȫļ򣬵ƽЦþò벻ѾԴ֮һˡ
ԣһЦ޴УҾٱЩҲܳɹġ
޳ԣȴһǺһ㣬ɾõУϲĪ룬Ҳһ죬ĿľԼԿİ֡
µҪԴ֮Ҳû;Ȼ綼Ѿгɣʱûгָã޳ҲûбҪ
磬ʵҸղһѲߵʿ˵ħޣô£
¶ݣεĵһǰҲȻʧ֮һºЩħ޾ͳˣǺձԴ֮ʵǿ󣬶еĻʩչÿһʱͻͷޱȡ
ԭˣ޳ȷţЩνħ޾Ǵӷ֮ܳģü˼ҴˣʵЩħ޵ĳ֣֮ܺйϵ
ʲôͬʱɻĿ޳ʵ
޳ЦһԶ˵ȰѴټɣҪҪ˵
֮޼Ĵ֣޳ĺǰɽδЩ֡
ĵϴٻ޾֮ɭ⣬ػǸطˣкܶħ޶ʵħ޲£ĺǰɽǶԵС
޳ԣǽţ֪˶ͨѷ֮ͨȫ򿪣Ԫ½Σˡ
뵽˴㲻ֱӰԼڷ֮ص˵˳ԣһ㶣ʱ׷ױɫ۷׷ס
羪벻Ԫ½ĺƽٻһϵǷ֮ز֪жɫЩħҲǱɽһǡ
Ҳüչɫҵĵϴô˵ʲôǶ
޳̾ϢһȷԪ½ʵǰͲ뾡ߴҵΪ磬һս֮
뵽޳һҧҿ԰ʺṩԴ֣ҲǴЩħڵõʯ
ڶԿħֵʱ򣬶ħڷ̺ԴԪصʯΪЩְǰ˼ʹñԴԴܺħ޴Կ
޳ĹмѵõԴ֣ʱ缤Ŀʵ֣һжԴ֣
޳а㣬Ϊ׶ԼķŭѲľΪѪԴ֣ȻаϢ̺ȴͨԴǿܶࡣ
ֻҪһٿԴ֣һﾳԴ֮ΪԴ뵽мŰɡ
ʲôԣһƬеĲʵԴּΪѵãÿɱһֻħޣŲܵõһöԴ֣ļԴ֣ǵɱ˶ħް
޳εĿЦһ˵ЩԴּǷ֮һСȫȻҪźܶࡣ
ЦԺп˵ҪģԴֵķ⣬֪λжﾳ֣
һʣ峤ַ׷׼ȿֺıԼи֣ǵһ˵ģҿҫȴҲǼվɢǿϢϣ޳ע⡣


1688 Դ
Դֵջ޳һ֣ˣλһҲͼԴ֣ǹؼʱڣԲҷ䣬ֻṩǱˣǱҲҪֳǧŹȥֻٶ˵
һ˶ʱʼԼ׹񣬶ЩʵǿģΪѾﾳ۷ģһӣǵ٣Ȼǲȥˣ޳϶ġ
һ޳˶ע⣬峤ѺʵԱɢޣֱҞⱨѡ֮Դ֡
޳ֽһ絥гȥֱųһʶĹǡ
˵Ѿ㹻ǿνܹٶȺܿ죬񼧼ĵ̫ˣҿԴʱܵǿƣ޷ӿԴ֮ٶȣҲõˡ
ҲܵĵҪܸߵԣ֪вУЩ˵
˵嶼ϳ˵ģӵӦ֮޳С׼ˣһ޳ڶʱڴﾳֱԴġ
޳ȻһЦҪ̫ģؼţֻҪ㹻ţҲߣܿйؼġ
˼ͷЩˣȥԡ
޴磡ߺԥ૵һЩطûпָܲһ£
ţ޳Ŀһۣɫ΢죬ڴĿԼֻõͷðɣҵʱ䲻࣬ؼ˵ɡ
޳վԭأʣȴ¶һʧӣȻһ䣬ɥĵǣˣһԼоɡ
˵꣬ҧ촽뿪޳ĲԣЦһҡͷصУүү棬˼ܺãҲͷˡ
ٻصԼ䣬޳пĿԼ֮صĵطڻϥ£˼ܿʶ֮С
ˣˣѽʶ޳ίĺȥɳ˺ܶ࣬ʱϢȣƺѴ
ҲЩƣĵ޳Ȼʧ֮󣬹ûãǿŻʯѿˣһͷ˪ǣƻҲ򲻹̫סˡ
ʲô޳һæ̫״̬ǳȶܵŤ֮
ʱ޳ɹȥų˿˲ЩŤ֮ƣԼ֮Уܿ㱻е
찡Ϊˡĸغ
޳һЦȷˣԼӵл˿ԺܷĿ͸һЩıʣ̫·ǵʺ磬ȴЩͷ
һ˼ô£ʺӦǷ֮ɵģԼţ޷͸ġ
ٿ̫ûŤ֮ѹָֻɢ̲֮޳ʶ
ʱҲɹЩŹֵĵ޳뿪֮һ£ʶгһռ䣬ǳر𡣡
ʲôط޳æʵڻƣѲľֺѪԴֶʶôԼȴûз֣ԭԼһռ䡣
󣬻޳ʶһ߲ʵĹȦ͸ȦԼľ
ʱȦ֮еĿռѾ˺ܶС磬֮Уɢ֮
֣ѪԴأ޳͸Ȧ۲ռ䣬ɻ˵
ʲôѪԴ֣治⣬ֱʵ
޳ڷ֮صľ˵һ飬ŹһЦָָ棬Щɫʯڵء
޳ͷȻΪλᷢ£ǴȥȴסıԴ֮ǳȹ̣ʹ÷
޳һЦû£Ѿ˿Щġ
˵ţ߲ʹȦĿռ֮У֮ܵһеϢԼ硣
һӣڿһ磬޳ȥȻ·һѪԴ֣ĸͨҲԴԴϵ̲硣
޳һٿѾռ磬һãЩҪ˶ѪԴ־ͻһա
ƣ޳һȫų֮ѿռе綼ְЩѪԴֶռ档
ۣôóԵģŵζ˳ķɹһѪԴ־ȥ
ոڣĺȻְѪԴ³ĵޣôôѳ԰
޳еЩ⣬ܵѪԴЯаϢȻף壬ܲа֮ѹֻ᲻ϣЩԴ֡
Ԫ½ֻһ£޳Ҳ޷öڶڳɳʧһҪٴǰ֮أһЩɾԴ֣ճɳ
޳ôЩ綼ˣ濴˿߲ʹȦĿռ䣬綼𣬲ʵ
޳Цһָָ³ѪԴ֣Ϊ˱סЩԴ֣ǿǶʵϣܱװ׺ķѡ
뵽޳˵ڷ֮صľȻһţˣ˵ЩԴԪ½ɳ𣿡
ʲô޳һ㶣漴¶ϲɫЦôû뵽ѪԴҪþȥ֮ѰԴ̫ΣգֱԪ½ԴԴ֣ԴԴϵԴֹӦ𣿡
˵ɾ͸ɣ޳ȡ߼űԴ֣ԻЦлѣھȥԡ
ܿ죬޳һƬɭ֮Уħ٣ԪػȶʺֱԴ
֮޳ִʶ֮г֮ЩƴգۿǳɲѸٵĴΧձԴԪأܿ죬Դ֡
̫ˣժԴ֣޳е˷ֱܼԱδϣ
ȻɫһףļǿվȣղΪ˴߷֮ȵ꣬꿪ʼȶ
̾Ϣһ޳㣬ҪһƬȶṩԴֵıԴ֣һʵ顣
ȣȻԴԴϵĲ֮ȴҪԼƣһֹ֮ͣĲٶҲἱٵĽ͡
һԴҲܿΣοԴ֣֮ƣҲֻʱȰԵƬУǴԪ½ɳ
һ֮ǰȥˣ޳Ĳ٣ԭϢʶָꡣ
ĵĿ죬ָȴ˰ҹ޳ŸоһЩʱֵõĴ߽ħ֣ʱһسǡ
صУѾԱã޳Կһۣоûʲô⣬ãȰⲨħ޴ˣͿʼԴְɡ


1689 ħ޴
üϴʵңﵽжԴ֣
ôˣ޳ĿŞ⣬ɻʵ
ЦһǱѾ춥סˣڳֵħ޼һԴʵ
޳¶ɫðɣͶǧţһԴֹȥ˵ţʶȡһԴ֣ҵķǰ
Щ͸ǿϢԴһЩǿߣ޳Ūֶ֮㬵ȥ
˰ԴպãϸԸһ󣬲ǳǡ
֮޳ǰ߽磬Ϊ׵ѾԴǰ
֣սף޳֮ɹɫϾĵγֵħ޴һһǰεܹܺͣʹñԴ֮ٶǶһԴ
޳ԣ¶˼ŵֻһԴĻҿû˿ԸСඣͽˡ
ԣĿ޳һۣ˵󻰣ʱܵĵã벻Դ֮ľô󣬼ȻݵҲͷˡ
˵ţصУ֯ǽɷΣ׼ӭսħ޴Ҳһߣȥ̸˼䣬ŵǵĿ޳һۣûԹ
ĺ𽥴޳һ𣬼˿ǣ֮ǹ˳ȥ
ɱ޳ҲһӭսȥǵǶսϵа𺦣Իǳȥĺá
޳۱㿴ǧֻ޴ħڿ񱼣֮е㹻Сɽÿһ涼𶯡
еʮֵСͷ˸ߣŸɢԴϢЩ޳Ŀꡣ
ǳһëļһɶԷ͸ķɸǹһֱӴ̴ͷ­˿ӿУܿ顣
ëħûüгһʧȥĿƣֱֱڵϣ£ħǾ׷׼ӿٶȣƺֻҪǾͲˡ
޳ЦһѰЩһԴħɱҲϵԼʩչ񹦾Щͼħɱһ
޳ԴĲսħ޵ǳˣսһߵĳ޳бԽսԽ£ܿħ޻ˡ
״ξĻɢħ޴缤ķһХңң޳ƹȻ
޳ЦһħʲôԴ磬ȵľͲڵΪʵǿȲŸҪܹŰɱЩħޣȫԼѾ˿ֱӻħȽ˵޷ѡ
ʱħ޴гһԴ޳Ҫпˣ˫л˿£ؽһǶµĿսƾûôɡ
ϴ󣬲ˣ޳֮ʱȻܵ⴫ħ޴ԼһһԴʵ١
ʲôȻ֪Ϣ޳һϢȣ綴֪æɵ޳ߣǵĵû°ɣΪ޳ͣĹȵµġ
޳ʵ磬ߵķӦӿţɫֱɺףҲղŵ緢૵ôĿǰǴļǶиˡ
޳̾һҧû취Ҵʮ˹ȥ֧Ԯ˵꣬Ҫ뿪
籾Ҫܾϣ޳Դһĸ֣Լ߳⣬סħ޽һ붫Ǿһжˡ
֮£ֳ֮ʮ˸޳һСģŵǵĿȥ
ãΪػ԰ƴˣ޳ߺȻ߶ԼıԴ֮
ĿܾģʱսĹؼʱ̣ħ޴޳ȥּһֽս
˶һ·ɱĸ֣ȻԼͬͣҪһɱħޣһǰĳɱȥ
һ࣬ػ򶫲߽ļȻ⵽ħ͵ϮƬ֮䣬Աأ޳ϵ֮ʱֻʣ²һɡ
£޳һ֣Ƿ裬һſǰǿ֮بħ޴ǰǵ·ߡ
·޳ǰʩչַͨʱҲˣĻħ޴֮С
Щܹʵ϶ﾳģͷ֮سħޱȫˡ
ͽս⣬ϧս㣬ոճħ޴У㱻ǿħû޳ʹѣһ·ţⲻǳܵʱ򣬵вִҵĳģɱۡ
͵վһֳִ󵶵ĵڣЩǸսģһΥģ۴ɱ
޳ǿ͵ֵϣ·ںˣȴɷڶڡ
޳̾Ϣһʱɫһգħ޴ٴγһߵʮԴȥ
ɱһҵɱεħ޴һԴмԴ޳ĸоǵһԴǿ࣬ҪĺܶĻ˿ܽ飬Ȼһɱ
ʮԴҲǿ಻ԣȻΪԴʵǸոԴ֮еıԴ֮ħޱԶԶΨһƣ԰ıģͳħ޵ˡ
սĽУ޳ɱʮһԴ֮󣬽еԻ˿Ŀģ֪Լڵ˼ޣٲϢ¾Ҫˡ
ǣԴ޳ʵûϢĽڣǴ˿̸ˣеѾħͬھȴûһġ
˾޳Ψд߶еһֻؽٸķ֮Ե͸ʱҲ˲ôˡ
ֻؽټս֮жʱһţĵһҳչɢĴĿâ˲ֱӡ
ЩâħǷ׷̧ͷ飬޳ЦһֻؽԼҿЩһֱ
ۣԼ´һս֮УȻ޳ô¡
޳ΣٴκҪʩչһ˶ʱ˳ս
ף׷׻Χħޣɵգ޳߶ķɢȥֻؽٹâʱһҳĳֳ
̧ͷֻؽٵħǶʱһһʹƬĵ£һۣͣձѿ
ÿֲĶ̲סۣһĻ֮𾪵غֺ͵͵յֻؽ١
ʱ˫ĿԲ¶ɻ󲻽Ͳ˼ı飬ƺʲôΪĶ


1690 ɾԮ
Ҫһĺøۣ޳ֻļһûջֻؽ٣У͵ֱֱ¡
޳ջֻؽ٣Ǿ
˴ʱۣǴӸղħ޵ҽܴ֪սѾΪ޳һ֮ķչ
ʱ޳󺰣Щ̲ͬסգȥǵסѾħȺڡ
޳ϧ̾ϢһЩ˲ۣʱħ޴ҪȫˣϧԼѾջֻؽ٣ҪٴμħҲϵˡ
ʱһħ޴ʣһ룬˷ıըҲ˼ٸħ޶ѣǵⷽռ˾޴Ϸ硣
û취޳Цһ˺Ÿɱ˵꣬ٴγħ޴֮С
Σߺ޵Ŀ˼Ǽҵļһǰٵ֮Уٴγ嵽޳ߣһԿЩǿħޡ
֣Ǳôˣ޳ɱ֮УȻ紫ԵƣϢȣƺˡ
û£أ޳ʵɲϣؼʱ̳⡣
Ǻǣû¾ͺãѾסѹЩħڲˣȻһЦ˵
ãһɱԷ޳һ߶רѡЩԴɱ
ԴҲһǣ޳ǶԼвĵˣƴߵͼħԼһ͵͵øԵ͵Ϯ
Щƻħޣ޳ͷ۲ѣѾ㹻ǿ󣬿˲Ϣ֮㵽ԷʵĿģͲ֪͵Ϯٴˡ
޳ǰߴʱʣ²ʮҲ޳Ĵ㣬ߡ
޳ҪɱĸԴʵħޣЩ߾ͻȥߵĵͼħ޳ɢ޳ᡣ
˫ڲҵĽ֮У޳ռϷ磬ۿҪֻԴɱȻִϴγˣղϲ߽ؾǱҲһħ޴һԴٸԴʮ
ʲô޳ԣĲ㵱Ѫ֮ҲԼѣȻһųֻħޣѾ൱һСħ޹ģˡ
εĵǱôˣ
ɬĵڿս֮УҪһʱܽ
̵ģ޳ŭһʵ̧ͷŲ죺ѵ춫Ҫ𣿡
Ȼ֮䣬֮УӿһƬ߲ƣ쳹ʵս֮صϿա
޳һǱٵǰ֮࣬У׵콫Ѹٵ۳Σһ£˷
޳־ϲרſƷ֮صģЩħ޾ǵҪĿ꣬ٳֵĹ죬ȴ֪ʲôġ
ʱ䣬һ콫ں޳սħ޴֮УųǹһҴ̣ǵ⻤壬Ͳħ޹
ħҲƺһ㣬տʼ˶ڴһܿͷԼȫ콫Ķ֣
ħ޴һУʣµļǧħӦһ㲻Լͬȴ
콫һһֳȥħסЩ˿ûͣ٣һħȥȺط裬ܿȷѪꡣ
ЩʲôˣһԴ޳ߣϲ֮ɫָЩʵ
޳Цһ֮Ŀǰ˵ǰǵġ֮ǰֻؽٵǼߣǵ궼˲̶ͬȵˣһģֱӱˡ
˵ʬ廹޳бʹȻûԼ͵͵һֻؽ٣ȴҲΪ˱򣬺ħսģֵԼ𾴡
λҪѽ쿴˵ȥ޳ּ˵ƣڻ޸Դټ˵
ǣףһ˵ǱǶԶŷʾˡ
޳ĲζԼ±Ƶأʵ˼Ҳˣֻ̾ʵʹøղһҪĺܶҲܱ˴ϣȱ㱻ħ֪ˣԺҲͲˡ
׹֤ҲǱ˵ȥġ
콫ħ޵սһɱûκʹߵһˣҲܿͻָ˵ЩϾֻĹߣֱӴΧĿռձԴ֮һռŤ
̶̵һӹħ޴ڳܣܹӳȥĲ˶ѣ콫׷ˣֱֳһһɻ֮ϡ
⣬ϲ߾ˣ޳˿ĵǼ˷صϷʵոָ㴫ʵ
ħ޴Ѿˣϴ󣡡֣֣ƺǱвȣ޳һʵô£
Сӣʱ޳֮кȻһɾġ
ԭ㣡޳ϷɻƵ콫˿ְ̲ܹԼԸħޣܵģɲԴλɾ
ô㿴ȥǺܸˣɾЩõ˵
޳æҡͷЦ˿ҵĶͱħ޹ˣȻҪмֻղ̫ˣе֮ɾ
ˣɾ˵һ䣬ֵСʲôһ֮ʿԶ㲻ˣ˵ԺһҪĵطء
޳һ㶣ɾڽʲôΪκȻָп˵ԷƢ̫Ź֣һһСˣԺħ֣ϰæ鷳ˡ
Ĭ죬ɾŵԴɾڱԴռֻʣһʳһҪģ뿪˵أҲһʲ¡
Դɾˣ޳ŵʵԴɾֱȫģȻᱻȴû뵽ġ
ɾЩͳĻӦһָпĵҪڷ֮ؾһս˭ܻʤ˭ܵõԪ½ĿȨǻһµʱԺúõʱһоͶˣʵЩҿûʲôġ
޳ѾϰЩ֮˵Įֻǵҵļ֣ԲĿԪ½ſռ
Ҳɾε̾ԣҲŰһΣԺҲֹģħˡѾҪľ׼ս棬ԷĵѰ֮
޳˼ɾ֮ˣֱϢȾΪѣֻŻɣαؽһ


1691 ƽ
ɾȻ֮ˣΪαڱԴռ䣬Ҫҵİܳأ޳̽ʵ
ɾ̾Ϣһεĵܣ޷˵ģѾȾϢ֪޷ᱻ֪ʱɳңҲһֱӸɡ
ʵ췣ٵЩ콫ǵǰѾɵͨЩɹ֮Ҫھͱ뿪ʼ취֮Ǹ̻Χռƽ⡣Ժܶɶѡ뿪磬ȥããİռϧȴ֪İռѱƿأһУʵǿնᱻơ
˵ɾпĵҵҲһɣΪ˱ǰİռ䣬ϣܹ֮ϧձΧս֮£ձ˽ƣεĳΪĿܡ
ʲô޳Ծ֣ĵҿԴɾЩ콫ͬԼ˼밡
ɾ̾һ˵ҪԪ½չΪԪ½ö֮ҲͲ֪֮ϢĽɶһԼļ䡣Ƕ˵ָ֮󣬿ʼѰҰƵķȴӵʲôطնᱻһرԴռ䣬𽥷֣ԭԿ˶֪꣬һ֣ǵϼһɷ֮ɵģӦ֮˲ܴ򿪡
޳Ȼ뵽µֻص䣬ʣѵҪͽܽ⿪Ļ
ɾȻЦһ£ŵѾԵˣ̾ϧҺɾֲô˾֣ȴ⵽İ㣬Ѿ顣
ԷĻ޳ЩУһУѾϵڤڤһԼˣϧһֱûҵɾֱ˵ȻԵ̹ףȴҲ˽
죬޳̾ǰңֻҪлᣬһΪ⿪
ɾЦֻҪ㲻ȥǧ磬Ҫ볹׳㣬ҪѺܴľĶ˵ǲģֻҪʱ乻ã϶ܳɹ
޳ԿЦһҵԲԪ½飬ҵûУʲô
ɾһֵʤԪ½飬ͬʤбԴ֮ᱻգʤԪ½ڱ֮۳Ԫǣصǧ硣
˴޳ʱоһʹƵĵѵĩպƽپ޷𣿡
޷ҪԪ½ˣֻҪҵһԶڵĿռˣɾȻ
޳ͷȻ֪ϧڶĻ̫С޷еΣ뵽ԴռеЩεʵһöģֻǻ̫ܳɳ֪ԴռЩɲó
УɾصЩԴ֮ϢǺʹǧϵһģƽʱҲά췣ģģ뻢ıʳʱܹҵһ֮أҲᱻơ
̾ʵҺԴɾϵ˾ƻᷢչһ죬ֻû뵽ж˿졣
޳һ֪ɾлæʣѵбĶռڣ
ɾЩĵǵҲ֮壬Է֮ѾһЩ⣬ֻǱ֮󣬾ûлʮǰҺԴɾѾ֮Щһռ䣬ͲԪС
ʲô޳һ㶣æԪ򼸺ѾˣǸռ仹𣿡Щţ¹ϵش󣬲ɵġ
ɾһЦģһ걦ɳĮۣ֮Ǵӷ֮صõ֣ԴԴϵĲ̲֮Ƭռ䣬Ϊ˱ܣÿŻȥϴȥʱ򣬷Ѿ˺ܶ౾Դǵ꼸һӵɵʣ֪ˡ
⣡޳зѣɼֻڽϵֺмȻ֪ǵĿֲ֮ûֻؽ֮ǰ֪ԼܷԸοЩͨˡ
ǸɳĮ֮Ŀǰ˵ѾԪ½ϣˣΣգԼҲҪȥһлᡣ
뵽ȻĵǺãɳĮ֮۵ľ巽λұҵ
ɾ̾Ϊ˲÷֮ڱɳĮ֮۵Ϣƺ㹻ԼҲ޷Ӧ
ҸѰң޳ɫһ䣬׷ʵ
ɾ̾ϢһһѸӦɳĮ֮Ϣķ㣬ҵǺѣ֮ҪСˣϾЩԴ̫ǿϴβ鿴Ѿ֪꣬ûгӵǵ
޳ԣ֣صĵͷ뵽ӵıԴ͹ͷˣǻԼһܹʩչֱַһѡ
ж˺ɾϵ޳صʵ磬ʿڴɨսԼҲмԴػ
ѹˣһԴ޳ָɣǵʵղźȻͣ˼ǲҴţΣգԲŻܱߡ
λûˣ޳˼̾εħ޳֮󣬲дģħˣǿץʱ
˵ţصǣҲһƣɫȻĹȣҲˡ
ô£ʱ񼧵ɫ԰ףϢȣ޳ĵʵ
Ǻǣ޴磬ҺܺãȻһЦȻĿɢϢ˥ȥ
״æԴ֮ıԴ֮רƵľԴ֮ڣʱȹľϧڲϵ˥š
ΣҲûа취εĿ޳ʱֻл˿Լˡ
޳˿֮̽УȾһ˿ϢǹϢǳİԵһ̰ѪһڲͣĻ
ô޳ɫһ䣬ʵ߾ħ޴Դ𣿡
һ㶣Ƭ̣ſ϶ĵûУԴǸ޷ֿ
̾һ޳εĵ񼧵걻ֽţֻԴϵΪġ
ʲôɫһ䣬ǵĿԼãĵǸǺãֿ޳ִʱֻ޳Դʵ񼧡
޳һҧᶨĵģȻո˿Ҳᾡȫ񼧵ġ
˵ţ͵ذ˿۳ǹ񼧵֮УʱӦеĹ֮


1692 ׺
񼧵̺Ϣһ޳ȽϤ񼧱˵ģһɣϰԵζ
޳Ļ˿ոճ֣ǹϢӿ˹޼һſ˷צչҵĹ
֪Ϣĵϸ޳ûӲֻĶܣ֮ڿԷıʣԭںϳһıԴ
ȫԿ֮ΪȻģǵĽṹҲƽʱͬӵһ㣬ʱ޿̲ٱãʼձһѵ״̬
һĻ޳˼ܹԱԴּ֮ĿƣѾԶԶһԴһָоɣҲһ㡣
ˣ޳Ѿȷ϶˰ж񼧶ֽţʱ֪ԷĿģԷûֱɱ񼧣ֻǲ꣬ӦǳԼġ
ҪϢ޳Ҫٰµʱָܻ˾ͿԳԼ޷ʹû˿ʱһЩ£͵ϮĻͷס
Һãһֻؽ٣޳̾һȻ޷Ķֻؽ٣ȴԽĶڵϢ
£޳ֻؽ٣Ż˿񼧵֮У̶ǳСģһгֻؽٵǿƻͻ񼧵
ʱ޳ڳɹǱӵ鼮Ѿ֮ͣУϢܵ֯ȥȴͳͳֻؽٻ顣
񼧺Ȼһ־ϲĿ޳ĵ޴磬лл㡣ɫЩ󣬾ϢҲȶ
޳һʱҲֻһˣȻֻؽѹϢȹɣԼԺУǵǿһ̶˵
κ֮󣬹˰գ޳ټһԴһսһսʮԴʹĲѡ
֮⣬дʯҲѾ࣬ʱԪؼ٣ﾳµ߼޷û˺޳Ҳǿơ
ҺãЩħ޵ʬеõ˲Դ֣ȻѾĵĲˣṩһЩԪʮԴ
޳еļѪԴ֣һͿԹӦԴԴ֮ЩҪʱ䡣
˰ʱ䣬ѪԴַȥ֮޳˵λղųֵЩ콫һɾ˳һ£ԪһɳĮۣ֮жռڣԪ½ľҪһЩԴͬȥȡۡ
˶ʱ۷׷ף޳ϾɫǾ֪еգе˿ʼԥĺƽ٣еĸѾ࣬ʵǳеġ
ɢʾȤǿܹһͬսԼʵȶҲǴһ
ʱ޳û˼Щ˸Ե˼ֻǿȷ𸴣ԸԸṩԴ
죬һҶݵۣ峤ڽɢҲԸǰһʮԴ
޳ЩԴټмǸոպԼһͬԿħ޴ģ˵λȻҲ֪еգҷϻ˵ֻҪܹɹҵۣõĶռ䣬Ԫ½˵ǾĹҽҲỮּͳΡ
ԣɫ죬еܣеĵǣеĲм˵ǳ־ϣġ
ãǳ޳һ˽
뿪򾳵أ޳ʶĻͷһȴֵĸ߶ڽͣϷϢҲԽԽŨҡ
ΣһסһоͶˣжֻܳɹʧܡ
뿪һξ֮޳ɢ·ĵҲʼ̮޴ѷ죬ȥȻĸѾ˶طı
޳˿һĻɫҲǺܺÿǶڶм£ĺƽ٣ۿɽӴ飬Ȼζ
˶ԴʵѾʹñԴУٶȼ죬޳ĹƣȫǰеĻܵԪ
ϧħ޴Ȼˣһ·ǻ˺ܶħ޵͵ϮЩħ޼ȫһԴʵǳӦԡ
˴ʱѾ׾ƽȣͷħ޳ͻһ޷ѣʩչԵľͼİǰ·ɾ
ޱ߻ú֮ϣǵķħҲ˴ӺгĺޣЩ޵ϼȻҲǷ֮أϴǿҵϢ
ңǺĳ֮ǰʲôֻҪǸӦ޳˵ϢͻƴĴӺˮзɳһеأ޳ŭ쳣ȴ޿κΡ
ǰֽǧħޣ˸ոɱһӺĺޣȻ̽·˼Ҵҵķɻĵĵ
޳ԣɫأһ·رߣѾ޵٣ǰֳַħޣ֪ߵЩһԴܷ񿸵ס
һХΧĿռ䶼޳һϢо͸ܵһԴʵħޡ
ħޣСģһԴնܣͬʱ˿ȫӭǰ
Դħһһ·ٵħ޻϶һΣżһѾѶԸֺȻðһֻħޣǵʵ޷ӦԵģֻп޳ˡ
޳źУܿ㿴ǰѹѹһƬ޴Ӱ֮䣬һ޴ķߣҪȥҪС
Щħ޵ĺ棬򾲾һޱȾ޴ĺߣ°ˮ¶ϰѾǧ׸ߣСɽһ׳ͨأһͨ
ߵͷ­ǿŵһɽɫӲ£ΧĿռ䶼΢΢𶯡
ֻħ޵£ķħ޷Եû֮ǰôֻľۼߣ޳֮Ҳֻɧһû
һս޳̾һɫǹ˿ڳǹ֮ϣֱֻħ޿
һˣҪ֣ȻǾ޴ĺߴһϤ
޳һЩϤϸһ룬¶Цݡ
׺ϲغ
ߵ͸¶΢£¶ϷһӣȻ޳ۿȥȻ׺ɡ
̫ˣ޳ܣ׺Ϣȹ̣˫Ŀ͸ž⣬֪ѾȬ
ƽٽ㲻ػܳʲô׺һ׹⣬޳ǰɻʵ
޳̲סԼϲãЦ̫ˣûˡֽ͵ԪһɳĮۣ֮ĶռԪ½
ʲôϺԣȻ֮һ£쳣ᶨĵãҺһȥȡ


1693 ɳĮ֮
׺һ֣ǧħ޺ȻתԪķɹȥ
һĻ޳ʵȻԿǣ
׺ͷʱƣǱ߱˵
޳ִˣԴǹ֮󣬷˾ȻܿħޣǾ֡
ڷħ޵Ĵ·£һ·ǰУҲԺΪ׵ħ޸ɻ޳׺ûš
һ̸޳׺֮ڴ˵صȥ
ԭ׺Щ˵ʱ͸оԼļ𽥻ָһЩɢƬΣ޳ʶлԵʱڣȻ֮뵽Լ
׺˵Ǵӷ֮ģ֮ǰˮ·һСλط֮أԷҪԴˣҪﳹһԼļ䡣
׺ʧˣǸС֮ŷָûʶԼҲûκصļأ˵ﵱ
ʧ֮£׺ֻʱԴκƣ֣֮ͨհԭɵȡΪµ
ݣ׺ִӴ֪ս飬ˮѡӪ׼еֶ
ϢϺȻȻδȫԼļ䣬Ҳȷ֪ԼκһȻԸװ׹֡
һ׺ŭ˴Էһַͬ˫սϺʶǿ֮µЩ˸ûԿ
ۿԼ׺εͶֽȴһЩħ뿪֮ء
ͬҪִеĹҲûκ鷳Ǵֽţ͵͵ɵ˼£صԪ½ŷ֣Լߵħ޾ֻʣֻߡ
ʱѾԪ½ٱΣգħĴң׺ʵǿǧħ£һ·ɱ׼ǰ
Ϻûе򣬱·޳֪ɳĮ֮۵ĴڣȻѡͷһȥѰҷۡ
ЩħȫϺ£޳˼ԼҲľһСưȫѪԴ֣Ҳкܶ²Ŷԡ
ƺһ㣡޳̾ϢһԹֵܵͽթ֪Ϊλ˼ǺԼ
˵죬Ԫ׺ŵħҲ߰˰ˣֻʣٲֻ޴ĺΪħ޵ʬ壬ʵǿһЩ
Ԫ޳ɾķѰɳĮۣ֮ͨ˿ӦϢģǳľ׼Ҳܺķꡣ
ԪѾƻĲӣԭɳĮĵطҲ޴ķ϶·ޱߵգŤ֮ŰһСľͻᱻУĽɴһá
Ϊ˾ҵɳĮۣ֮޳ģȫʩչҲһʱ䣬һҪ̮ɳĮϷϢ
Ƭɳ̲ϣ޳߶꣬˿ܲϷ裬ָһλ
߹ȥڿɳӣȻ·һͨİŵ̮·кܶطѾ©
׺ħͨ˰죬ղȷɳĮ֮۵ڣһŤ֮ķ϶·
Һȥȡۣ޳ӦһŤ֮ǿȺܴһԴ޷ܵģֻö˵
ӦһȻҲ״ʱǳܵʱҪģסѷĳڣһ޳ʲôΣգҲܳ
޳Դնܣѷ֮У׺ȴһ߲ʵĻܣŤ֮޷ְ֡
䳾ľ棬ʵ֣ʲô
ϺȻǻܣɻ۶ɡ
ʲô޳ԳԾѣŵĿ׺һۣû뵽ȻѾţѹ֮ǰʵֵôǿ
޳ֲ²ʵѾԴˣ
׺ͷˣȻûɹǣȴһָоԼɹɹǣѪ
˵׺ζĿһ޳ֵǰƺĹϵ
޳ɻ󣬰׺˵֮ǰˮСԼҲǼǰķ֮أѵ
Ȼһ뷨׺˵ĲڵԼʮǰվԳһս
̽ʵļʲôӵģ
׺¶˼ɫʹĵˣҿӣȴȷǸ˾㡣
׺Ҫϸ˵ʱ޳ԴնܺȻһŤ֮飬һѾٴμܡ
Σʱ̣׺һĻܺȻֳһ޳ߣֺܿС
ҿ׺ٶ㹻죬޳ֻܵŤ֮ʴȴҲ˺ܴˣ֮£ֻһЩָ
ڣ˻ܵı޳׺˳˷϶ĵϣŷ·ɳѾ۵׺
ɳĮۣ֮޳ҲѾܹĸӦϢƬɳĮĵ¡
£׺̧֣·ɳһӣһɫĺų֣֮һȹ̵ͨ
ˣȥɣͨĵײһСɵĴɢűϢ׺˫Ŀһ
޳ͷּŤ֮£ʵҲƣֻ׺ĻŻܿһ¡
£һԾ֮ͨУ֮䣬Ѿڵϡ
ɳĮۣ֮޳ŽµøֲͬĲƣԴԴϵĿΪԪ
ȲҪ޳ҪɳĮ֮УȻ׺סĵ
ô޳Ŀ׺ʲôæְĿתɳĮۣ֮ŷ֣ԼǰɳĮ֮۵𽥱
ȥ׺Ȼ˫Ŀһųһ˿ǣ޳ܱߵĻֱܱ졣
ʱ޳ԴϷأҪѯʣȴ׺ӳĻ˿ǣͬʱ˵ء
Ƭ֮׺ͣ£ʱɳĮ֮ڵĿռȻ̮´һ¡¡ΧŤ֮Ҳ
׺ְԼĻ󣬽˶ųɳĮ֮ڸıΧķǵһ¡
޳ŵͷЩȻԷ֮˽⼫٣Ӧˣҿ׺ڣղóȻȥӴɳĮۣ֮϶ҪԴġ
ԼҪ꣬ЩһͬǰԴҲһ޳мĿ׺һۣȴȻһЦûаϡ
ԭصȴ죬ƽϢ֮󣬺ȻķһѾ޴ľӵ»ճǰǾ޴ɽһ͡
һĻ˶һֹģĴѾԶԶþ޽ʾˣֱһС͵½ء
ǣطԶԶ޷Ԫ½޳˵λ׼뷽ۡ


1694 
뷽ۣ˶ʱоǰһĿһƬãɳĮ̧ͷ죬ɢޱȵĹâȴֻһ롣
Ũ֮޳ǸܵĲͬ
޳Ҳľ֮ȷ֮ػҪǿңټǹİ֣뵽ʲô
׺ҲɫԣѾ֣Դˡ
ʲôŰ𾪵Ŀ׺Ҫ֪ǴʱȻֻһԴʵѾ֮ǰҪǿܶ࣬ɳĮ֮гԴʵҪֲʲôزǻܰɳĮ֮ȡ
죬޳ᶨĵɳĮ֮۳ԴҲҪȫܣȡɳĮۣ֮Ԫ½ûϣġ
׺Ȼͷһָоֻ֮ʣһ룬²ǱĵģǱǿпһ룬ӦûɳĮ֮档
ڴʱԶȻӿһɳڵϯ޳ܵһɻ˿ϢһæСģԴ
æʩչԴնܣ׺Ѵļֻħ޶ȥ̽Էʵ
֮䣬ɳѾǰϰֻħһǽǰΪ׵ľ߸ͣų˿ͱԴһ𹹳һ磬֡
񱩵ķ𣬾۵Ľ֮ϵĻζۿɼٶȼ˥ţȻ׺ֻĿţûͣ֡
ڣڽһ̣׺ˣһһŴܿ컯⣬ɳ֮С
磬ʱͣˣһҽֻ֮Żɳ£ֳһ޴Ӱ
ǸӰʱ޳һ㶣һͷɫľԳͷʱмĽվԳһҪСһЩɢһɱ֮ƺ˳޺ɱ¾
ʱɫԳؿѾŲϵĴ̴˿ڣʼ޷ϣ׺ϾĵֻΣȴǰɼġ
ɼ޳ԽɵĹ;Ѿͨ˿εϵһ޷ġ
׺ܹţѾԴʵϧҪʰɫԳǳ١
£޳ҲʵΪ˱鷳ֱӼ˿ע׺Ļ֮У׺һЩҲṩһЩ
˰ʱɫԳŲʵŭһڿסŵĹٻָʼһ顣
Σ׺æʱ޷ʹû˿ͱԴǿɵ
ԴԣһӵϣʩչǿһѺɫԳгƬ
ױĺɫԳԳ꣬һһ˶ߵӰԴûл˿޷ֻܿ޳׺
׺˫Ŀź⣬ȻһƣͼɫԳһԳΪʹɫҲŤΣС
飡ڣһľ֮УɫԳ飬Ϊ֮ܵĿռ䣬ɢ
޳ʱŸҷɣղ˵ֻǸ׺֣ҲǼ󣬸ոջػ˿͸еһͷĿѣ
׺Ҳɣɫ΢䣬Զ֮ŨңûпܻɳĮڣӦǱ˽ơ
ʲôԴһ㶣޳ȴ˼ֻʣһ֣֪ɳĮ֮ۿ϶䣬׷չʲôزҪſ
˱㳯źɫԳķɹȥһ·УƬɳĮĴѾ˼ǧȴûߵͷ
ʲôһʱ޳εĿܵããɳĮĿ˻ɳ
׺һ֣ͣ£Ȼɵ֮ϣųԼȫܣε̾ˣҸղûſһյĿռ䣬ߵһľ֮󣬾ͻصĵط
ʲô޳һ㶣ĵѵĳֿռƣ
׺϶ĵҲƵ˷ǳ򵥣ѾһЩ֮򲻻Ҷϵ
˸ľԴ׺һս֮Ļ˷֮ɣȫûеֿˡ
޳ҲǾɥݣĵĵѵԪ½ϣҲû𣿡
׺˫ĿһĿ⴩͸ռ䣬ĳȻȵȻˣΪβ
ɻĿȥȴտҲûκϢ޳û˿̽ҲǺ޸Ӧ
˲ʱ򣬺Ȼӻɳ·һõӰȥЩơ
֮ԶԶվԭأҹֻǿ˵һͨ˺ܿ϶ûܹ׶Է˼
𣿡һ˿ڴȴη塣
׺ͷܸӦûһڵ꣬ϤӣΪܹôã
׺˼ף޷ʱڵģҪѰһЩΪУʧ
ԣЦһҺĲͬȻֻ꣬ȴǿ԰еĻʵܷơ
˵ţνʵһһ˶ߵ壬ߵǰҽܵģһ峤
֮У׺֮⣬忿ʱ򣬶ļԴնܣϾ˵̬̫죬ֵĶҲȷ֪ʲôɱ֡
ļ״ֻεҡҡͷϸİԼ˵˳
ԭֵ̲֮֮£ʱ䣬ɳĮ֮۽ӵɹǺͻ˿
ʱƽɳĮ֮еʼǣķ໥֮ɱ¾ҲԽԽ
һ壬ΪںһĴսܣȫ屻Ѳſʼ꣬Ϊ塣
޳ɻʵΪγָָܵĻɳ֮ȻԪ½ԣܶ࣬ȫûϢ
Ľ͵Ǳýסˡ
ʲô޳һô£
ʵĻĿεĿããɳĮԭɳĮ֮һĿռ䣬ʵĲ˿֮֮һоͲͬˡ
пĵЩɷޱߣ׵ʩչռƣܿͰɳĮ֮۷ָĿռ䡣ǿֳֶ룬ְɳĮ֮۴ϻΪҶڵĿռλڶĽ紦ܹͬʱնֵ֮ʵҲǿģһ峤ͻΪΪɵʱ򣬱ִѹջǲ壬ƬռҲǷӡˡ
˵ŭɫܰҸҿ԰͸ǡ
޳Կ׺ĵ˼ҶѾɾ磬׺ûһս֮
ô̽ʵ׺һһЩ䣬ʵҲԴʹûţҪԸҲǳΣա


1695 Դ
û⣡׺ԥһЦҪͬʱԸɣǼΪðյģǱӳ顣
̫ˣĸղ֮Ƿ׺ʵˣʱͬԼϲĵģһ廹ϰսʿסܳʱ䡣
׺ͷʾ˼ֵƬɳĮ̫壬ʺ취ȥ˵
һ㶣εĵǵѾƬռΪһ壬Ѿ޷뿪ҪߵĻҵǿṩһܵ
˵ţһӣһռѷ죬˿ȥ澡һƬ磬޳ףǽϿռ䡣
ĵռѷͨǰռĽϣмŤ֮ҲΪǵΪǿͨġĿһֳۣ޳׺֮⣬˶һԴԲдһ˵
޳ͷѾйϰľһͨԪ½ʹǧ֮ĽϣȻûη塣
ԴȻģȴҲû̫£Ԫ½ǿռŤֻ֮֮ҪСһ㣬ǲܵ˺ġ
ãڻʱ죬ϵ㣡޳һЦ㵱Ƚռѷ졣
Ͽռ䣬޳ʱеһǿѹܵŤ֮ΪֲԴն˲䱻ɡ
Сһ㣡޳һִ߶˿ӹԴնܣͬʱŤ֮ûˡ
׺޳ߣ
޳һ㶣ŰԼڷ֮صľԼӷ֮뿪֮Ľϵ˵û뵽׺ɫһ䣬æûжֽţ
ѲľѪԴ֣ΪΪѾȾ˺ܶа׺ʵļУ޳͵
׺ȻŭһɢһޱȵƣܵŤ֮Ŀ˿Ĵ󾪡
޳Ҳһ㶣ʱȻ׺ϢԼЩƣæʣôˣ֪ף
죬׺ųһ˿ʹ̫࣬ˣЩһûһһ׶£оӿһŭ
ԭˣ޳˼Ŀ׺֪ţ˵ǰ˭ڷ֮ؾͺս˳Թɡ
СضŤ֮һ·ǰţ׺һҪЩаΣա
޳ЦһϧҴ˿̵Ļ˿ѾΣеа޷ģϵΪ
׺ԣ¶˼֮ɫŵҲа
׺˼֣޳˵ԼᶨЩаĻҲջȥ¶ģֻҪлᣬһҪѻ˿Ⱦ֮еа֮
ɳĮ֮۵Ľ֮УŤ֮Ǻǿ˶Դ磬Դնܻ壬ٶȻҲһоյǰš
ľ룬ߵһʱǰһСɽӰӣ߽һЩСɽҲȻһڿеʯɽ沼߲ʵľɢǿҵıԴ
Σ˶Щֲ֮ЯıԴ˿Դ٣ֱֶա
׺ȴסˣ¶ɫŵǷ֮ɵԴɽЩľ̺Ȼ࣬ȴԴػ׿
ԣɻĿ׺߽͵ϵұŤ֮𻵣ǵ겻ʧΧıԴγһµûļ䣬ֻҰһжϵĴŤ֮лȡҲǿޱȣΪԴޡ
˲Űңҿղûг嶯ֱӹȥԴϮҲǺܵġ
ǣɽӴô׺ȻʵǿҲǲԸʹ뿪
ǷųţһСɽеϢŵͷԴޣѾǰɼ𣬳û˿޷ɱġ
޳ͷ̾ҵĻ˿ֻλÿˡ
׺ȻЦģ⼸ֻԴȻȴûʲôǣֻҪһЩССļıܻɱ
κȻһΪ⣬ֱСɽ֮У޳Ҫȥȴ׺棬ҵϢ
֮Сɽŭ𣬺ܿеӿ׺Ҳٴλ壬ЦѾǵſϷɡ
޳ʱףԭ׺õ֮ƣղ֮ҪֳΪֻԴ޵ĳޡ
ȻûãСɽгϢڲϵ˥ȥ׺ЦһˣѾĵĲˣʱոˡ
˵ţٶȳ˹ȥ޳˵Ҳϰɣ
˷Сɽ֮УʱǰһŵĿЩ̺ԴĻľЩڷ֮£Ť֮ɵģֱĵر
˱׷׼Լ﷨ţһеոűԴֲ޳׺µϢߵСɽ
Խߣľ̺ıԴԽǿеֱӽһԴ֣һ󼤶ЩɶǴԴ֣̺ǴıԴʺԴ
𼸿Դ֣ٶǰСɽģʱܵľΪƽأǰ޴ޡ
ˣ׺վ޵룬˵
޳߹ȥϸ鿴һžȵķԴ޵Ϊ̣˻һԴնܻ壬û˿Ļ޷̴ǵƤ
޳ֶ׺ʵӾηɵĻɱֻӵޣʵıԣֱǿֲã׺ԼѶǵˣ޳֪Լ˶ٴˡ
˻һʱ䣬ŰСɽĻľոһգϴ˷ܵ뿪˴˵ء
ǰ˼ϵıԵǰŤ֮Ҳ˥ȥ׺ųţһռѷ졣
ѷ죬ͻصɳĮۣ֮뻢Ŀռ䣡׺˵ɳĮ֮еΪǿҪСһЩ
˵ͷ׷׼Դնܣδռѷ죬ٳȥʱָֻ˹ӭǵĲããɳĮһƬޱ޾ɭ֡
ɭйϰ׸ߣ޳һֻص˲ľĸо뵽Щֱ֮
ҲǿϵĹϵһЩС͵֮⣬ûзֻ壬ץһЩޣǵѾԴ֮Ӳޱȣʱ
ǿĻף޳û˿пһֱۼ׵ޣڵѪԴ֣ε˵
׺˫ĿĹˣĵ֮ռҪƽͺܶ࣬ʺǾʱɡ


1696 ռ
޳ͷ˵λץʱҺȥ濴
˵ţ׺ɭһ·Уܿ췢һˮֻмɸߣȴƳ֪ͨʲôط
ںӶ棬ڳһЩ͵ޣ޳ɹȥ̽ĶһͷڵͷˮĶ޷ų˿
ǶܵţƺһͷҲصˣ޳δ׷ȥѾ̽ԷǿȣǶԴļѾ൱ԶԸˡ
ںӱߣ׺ˮһڣɫصĵ̺ǿľԴ֮ѹָղǸ޻ǿǡ
޳ԵǵĵһͨѾˣϣǸʲô岻Ҫ̫ԶԸɡ
˵ţȻղܵĶ޻һսʿ޳ˣǸо޸ŭغôִˡ
˵ţ˫͵һµĶ޷ŭĺ˹Էԭʼսʽ޳һɣʵ
£޳ҲܣֻǼԴնܣɶԷײ
˫͵ײһ޳ֻе֮һЩǶȴʹͣ£ԭת
սʿҲɫ䣬㣬Դ
޳Цһַųһ˿ѻսʿסԼǰʵ˶һ𣿡
սʿһ㶣ԵĿ޳û˼ֻ˫Ŀ֮Ѿη塣
޳ΣֻٴʵǾûԴ֮
۾һգ׹ûС޷Դ֮
õ϶𸴣޳ŷģͬʱҲΪλ಻Զͬԣ֮õĴȴȫһ
Ѿ壬ȴܰȻԭǸ޷Դ֮ƾ޷вġ
޳뵽һɵ㣬Ȼ޷ʵСΪλƬռ䣿
ʵƬռ˭ͳΣ
սʿʵشǣµĽһ塣֮䣬Ĳʺη塣
Σ޳˼ʵȻôǻУּΪǿܼá
뵽˴׺һۣҲͶͬĿ⣬֪˫뵽һˣԻսʿЦͽжˣ
սʿһ㶣ԥԥĵһˣֻǧࡣ˵ԳΪɫȻԼһ˱Էǧѹڵ¶ѡ
޳״һЦȥǵ峤ɡ
ʲôսʿһ㶣ŵ峤ȫҶˡ
Ŷ޳̽ʵô£ǵʵõ𣿡
սʿԣ¶ɫֻʵĵҲף峤ѪͬɣǵƾͿʹñԴ֮ܺͽ忹һµġ
ԭˣȻͽ˶Թ޳Ҫãʵ֪峤ʲôط𣿡
սʿ޶ۣʱҲ޳Ǵȥˣͷ֪֪ڽԴϡ
ȥ޳ֱ˵սʿͷҪ϶ޣȴ޳סЦ߷֪Ҫòֱܵӷɰɡ
˵ţ޳ץսʿ壬ʩչǧ٣ڿշŵûսʿŰ
һ·Уݻսʿָܿ췢ǰһߴɽ壬ɽ嶼ɽԴ֮ɣһƷ
׺һ֣ųһţɴƽƣɴƣɽ档
ǿĽԴ֮޳һΧϢһĽԴ֮Ԫ½ļٱ硣
һһͷ֣ɵǰĿŻսʿ߰غû峤ٻȻԴԴɽ
˵˫𶯣ëɼɹ޳ЦһּĹ˵ֱӵԴն֮ܵһ֣ÿ˶Էꡣ
ƣ޷жĿ޳ŵҪʲôɱһŭ峤Ҳܲġ
ߣ޳ӴֱӰѽŪιȥֶѾĿɿڴĻսʿʵ峤ʲôط
սʿ㶵Ŀ޳ҡͷֻ֪ǱڽԴ壬ʲôطȴ
޳Σֻøһ»սʿѪϢų˿ͼѰƵϢ˭ϻ˿ոշɳȥûԶ㱻һ赲
ɱ֮ΪԵ޳׼ʱ䣬ֱӰųĻ˿
ˣ޳ʹһ㻯⣬ǰ㷢ǰֳһȺսʿΪ׵ͱĶҪһţͷһʹڡ
ڻʹڵ棬һֻɫľԳ޳Щ⣬̽ʵǽ峤
ԲмĿ޳һۣŻĵѾмûԹˣȻҾͲˡ
˵꣬ߵĽ񵭵ĵץס
ʱʮսʿ޳׺Χǲ˫֣ųɫ棬޳ʼӲܿͷ֣ЩʵѾǶԴ۷壬޷ʹû˿Լ
֮£ֻüǣϵİЩϮļص顣
׺ǱߣҪɲ٣ֻǲţΧһܣԼɫֻҪһӴͻᱻǿУʧ
Σ峤ڶݣһ
½ԣͬʱͣ½˻ȥ
峤ʱŷΣɵǰҿȻε̾ˡ
Ŀ޳ϣȻ³һ߲ʹ̺ǿıԴ
ɾµģҸӦϢ峤˵㸩壬ơ
޳ӹ߲ʹ֮ɾǰ뿪ɳĮ֮۵ʱµӡǣҰĻޣ԰ͳɳĮ֮ۡ
޳ɾԤıѾãεĿЦһԽ峤Ѿ֪ˣ
峤վֱ壬ɫɳĮ֮һʮռ䣬һ뱻ͳΣһ뱻ͳΣǶѾǾŶԴǿߡ
Ŀǰʵ޷Կġ峤˶һۣŵȻֻԴȴɾµԼԦɳĮ֮ۡ
ԣ޳һϲҪɳĮۣ֮޷ǴصǶܽȻɾаţǲˡ
⻢ռж󣿡޳ʵȻѾƻռ䣬϶Ҳɾ簲µġ
ȻԣȻһЦԪ½ҪһЩ
̫ˣ޳ԣ˵ļ


1697 Ǩ
ȱ𼱣峤޳Ͼĵ𣿡
޳һ㶣漴뵽ڲеһε̾ûС
ԭˣ峤ЩʧŰ죬ŵܹõɾϿɣ˵Ӧ֮ˣʱûûϵġ
޳Ҳ޿κΣѵֻǸ
峤̾ȷˣҲصģɾϵһ㣬һЩǲֻܴ࣬߶ɳĮ֮һľ롣
޳а㣬Ԫ붫óһмããĻúͣں̫ΣգʱᱻϮ
ȥǾɳĮ֮ͣھ붫򼸰һһľ룬ʱֻҪͶ߹ξͿˡ
뷨˵峤ͷû⣬ϴ߶
󣬽峤˴޳׺ԴĴʧһʱ䣬ٴγ֣Ѿʱ
ˣɳĮ֮ѾָķλԷˣ峤Щƣ˵
лĩպƽʱ䲻࣬޳ٵ飬ֻǵѻռã׼ӭԪ½İհɡ
峤Ц׼ˣڻռľïʢ֮ҲԣģûʲôǿԴޣʺϢ
˵ţ峤һǰһռѷ죬޳ЦɳĮ֮ۺԪ½ĽѾ򿪣άʱ䣬㾡ȥ׼ɡ
޳ԣҴҺͽ峤һͬ˿ռѷ죬ѾһƬúɵߴһȻ붫Ѿܽ
״ɼĩպƽһֱѹеһظн취
ص޳Ϣ߸峤ҲǼѣͿʼ׼Ǩơ
˿̶򼸺Ԫ½ҴʮڣҪ˳Ĵľ룬ǰҲһС⡣
ЩѾзŵĶȻ޳ģ֮ûиģһϢͷˣͨȴֻܴӵȥһ뵽ֻʱ䣬ʱ˺̤ܶ¼˲ˡ
Σ޳ҲΣֻץʱƴͷеٶȺͷֻҪܹؾܶ˾Ϳˡ
ͬʱΪ˱ٴԱ޳ɴǰ۵Ľ磬ֻͨеܹȥһƲ΢ȶ
ˣҪ˶ǨƵɳĮۣ֮ҲҪʱ䣬ڼ䣬޳һֱضǣ˴ҡ
һЩճ֮ڿ֮࣬޳ֿʼо峤͸ԼǹϢ
ϢǵɾģͨٿɳĮۣ֮ҪʹӵɾϢͻʧܡ
޳ϾǡɾϢȻӵ˲ٿʸ񣬲û޷ɳĮ֮ġ
Ϊ˱ɳĮ֮۵̫ǿܿƣԴλɾƳɳĮ֮֮󣬾ͰһĴסеӳļ֮¡
ΪĴڣɳĮ֮еǿǵ궼һģ޳ֻҪͨɾµϢеǵͿԿǡ
Ҫ˳ĲٿҪҿѾ׼˶ĲٿطֻҪ޳Ϳʹ
ɳĮ֮ҶѾɼ׺ǰҲռʲôˣ޳Դľˡ
Ψʤ޳Ҳ֪Լ겻ǿҪʵ̬ļһʵһǳΣյ飬һŪþͻͬھ˵ֻΪһвĵߣʤķ
ϴ󣬲ˣ޳ڶо֮УȻͷ󺹵ܽغ
ôˣ޳ӣŵʵǴǨƵĹؼʱ̣Բʲô顣
һƽһŵҸոյõϢͨɳĮ֮۵Ļú߾ִħޡ
ʲô޳һ㶣æܰϾҪսôֳԸǣ
ε̾ҲЩħǧֻһڲϵĴӺгڹѾһֻ˰ɡ
޳ԣʱһ˭ģ赲ǨƣԪ½ϣһҪǳ
˵꣬ʩչ˳ȥĸں棬һߵѾսʿȥħˣһΣ顣
޳üͷضŞ⣬εĿ̾һĿռѷԽԽѾħ޴ӷ֮سҪֿ˶ˡ
̵ģ޳ŭһһȥ˷֮صЩų̾һ֪ˣȴǨƽʹ˹ȥǡ
ܿ죬޳úһ·ʮҾͷеˣеѾ⵽ħ޵ϮʵǺܸߣػսʿֵҲ˲ء
˻úǰʱǵصĴɱ֮޳ȥɽХħӺӿԪ½Ĵ
ô޳ɵ總ɱһֱħޣͬʱʵ
Ѿ۵ϢȣʱпյϢһصĵЩħ޼ֱˣǲҪĳһҪֹǹȥ
޳ԣиߣԪ½ؾѾƣ˸Ҽסȥºħ޵ϳˡ
˵ţ޳Դնܣһ⣬ú֮У״ҪȥȻϹס磬뿪սȥ޴ɡ
翴һۣε̾ðɣһҪСġ
ͷ߳һһɫ⣬׷޳ķɹȥ
ú޳ܵһǿѹˮгűԴ֮ƶЩħ޲ǰ
еħ޸Ӧ޳ĳֻ֣ĿһûͣŰߡ
޳״иǾȣЩħ޺˿꣬һܿ˶ħޣ϶һˡ
ѵǸһ뵽ڷ֮أҲֻ׻˵ĳԼһֱ̬ĵزսڼ̲סֳԼһ¡
׿ĵ뷨޳ǣͽɫǹټԴնܵػѾϲܰӰ졣
ų˿ЩЧĹַЩͨħޣ޳ûзȥǣרһκͶεħޣֱû˿ǵꡣ
տʼħ޴޳ûôᣬŸ߼ħ޵𽥼٣ǿʼʶԣҲûгֶϵħޡ


1698 ޹
޳ɻ֮ʣʱ񼧸ϵɵߣǰιħ޴ĵĵ޴磬ôˣ
ǵĿȷǨƣ޳εֿ̾һħ޴ĺ󷽣һҧȥռѷ츽ܹжǵĺ·
ԣʱǵĵ̫Σˣ㣬㻹ǲҪȥˡ
޳ЦһѾûбİ취ˣħ޴ԴԴϣǵԴͷ޷ֹǵġ
˫Ŀһ죬ܿ־ȻĵǺðɣҺһȥ
޳һۣһůЦСһЩ
ɫһ죬Ҫ˵ʲô޳Ѿһ⣬ȥЦһֻøϡ
ħ޴һ·϶˶ûϵħޣǵǰУԽԽӦǰһǿҵϢ
ڣ޳ͣٶһȺħޣʮֻЩħһֻ;޴ħ޴£ۼһţĵĸˮ档
״޳ڸʲôֱӼ˿˲ֻħ޵꣬ħ޷׷׺ˣֻֻħͣԭأĿ޳
˵;޴һֻڹħûֻ֣ǵʵ
޳˫ĿУû˿̽Է꣬Ѿ۷壬۾ĻҪԼǿһЩ
Ǻˣ
ԷһЦȻˣսˡ
޳˫ĿһԼ²ⲻЩħ޹ȻǺйأԷ˵ֻЩߵĵ׵£ΪҪ
Է޳ŭţֻƽĵ˼ЩôܲµĳҿԸһ㣬ڷ֮ؾսһʤ񽫳׹ϷԪ½һԴʤԪ½Ҳϴơ
˵ԷĿ޳һۣĵԣ۽ΣһºԪ½ֵܣֺαΪЩͨΪأ
ĵԷĻ޳ֻеһЦҲ˵ѾɳĮۣûУôŹԼ
ŭϻ˵׼ȻѾѡڲȥԿ÷˼Ըңѵǹһֵ𣿡
޹εҡҡͷ룬Ҳûа취뵱꣬ˣϽѾţһЩʲô
޳ЦһӾ޹ͲСվԳһ£ڼȻҪԼԼĵˡ
ŭһ˿۳ǹ޹˹ȥ
Ǻǣϣ޹˿ûʶԼٵΣգֻǾͣԭأ޳Ļ˿롣
飡˿ǹӴ޹꣬һ춯صľ죬޳ֻеһ𣬲ɢ˿ǹ˿ûԷ꣬ñ顣
ǿķ޳ǿľʹĿž޹꣬һ߶ߵ񼧵ߣǲĶ֡
޴磡ҧҲ뿪ġ˵ţޣһ͵س޹˹ȥ
Ҫ޳Ѿ֪˾޹ʵԶԶ񼧿ԶԸģոտֹͼ޹˫Ŀһųһ˿񼧵ϡ
ʱͣ޵Ĵ£ϵĲţ޳æɹȥ˫Ŀʼʧȥɡ
ʲô޳ŭĿž޹꣬ŭ
Ǻǣ˯һˣ޹䵭˵Ȼɫһ䣬Ѿָ󼧣ĵô᣿ֻһԴ꼫ΪС˿޷ôôɾҵĻ˿
񼧾ղŵɲʧ񣬴ʱι޳Լɫһ죬޴磬лл㡣
޳ȴǿЦһѾ񼧣Ȼ뵽ʲôʱһЦԾ޹곰ĵѾõҵ洫ȫĻ˿
˵޹ڶŭָ޳ҲԴڣһ룬ô̬
ԣ΢죬Ծ޹ŭĵһҸղĻ˿˵󻰡
޹ԣӷŭȻһζȻٶȱ֣ɢʱһܡ
޳״вãղѾ̽޹ľԴʱԷȴգ֮ͼܣԴﵽΣ֮еķš
ȴûиӦܵĴڣɳĵıˣҲûãбٹҰ
޳һͼˣźͻ˿ȫһεģʹȶҪǿ̫࣬ҪȻ뵽ֻؽٻ񼧵УʱְĿž޹ꡣ
޹꿴޳ֿ񼧣Ȼһ̸ЦðɣǳԵԺ󻹻ŵġ
˵ţͺһһʵʵĵɫƮٶȼ޳񼧵ȴգۼ׼ȷĻ񼧵ꡣ
ߺߣ޹Ҫ˵ʲôȻɫٶһ䣬ŵĿŰȻ񼧣ĵ⣬ôܣϷʮĻŰȻûа㷴Ӧ͵ˣ
޳Смĵ˰ɣҵһͽܣͶԸˡȰ㻹ǳûжŭЩħ޴ȥɡ
޹ԣտڲԣֻǴԶĿŶˣ죬Ȼ̾ˣȻ֪ʲô취깥ǵʵȻڣ޷ֲģС
˵ţȻſ죬³һɫˮ飬ˮܿɢγһž޴ٵĳֹ
޳ܵǿˮԴ֮ҵɫǹһֶ񼧵СģҪס
񼧵ͷæ赲ȴϽܺǾһӴͱ޴ıԴɢҲС
޴磬񼧵ľкܿӿСԴޣϢУȫ޷ʩչʱغ
޳״߶Žɫǣס񼧵ľҹȥͬʱɫǹһӣпһƬ
ǣ̫ǿ󣬸ոձжϣָֻںͽɫǹĽӴ˲䣬޳ܶ
Σд󾪣Էʵȷʵǿ󣬵ǱԴ֮ĽԼͳͷ׵ˡ
һ䣬޳ҲסʱˮɫԴӿ뾭æ߶֮һ֮ʱҲ޷ãʵľ޴࣬Ѿȫԡ
޹ʱһ֣ѶһǣԼǰŵȻһЦô֪ҵ˰ɣ
ߣ޳һ޹ĽƻԴʵһʼƫƫҪװԼʵ࣬ʹթ
ˣʱ޳ҲѾû취Ǿ޹Ĵֻ̽꣬ܽؽ˾Ҫꡣ


1699 ʱȫ
޹û޳ŭ⣬ֻת񼧣ɻĵСղʲôҵ깥ģ
Ťͷȥû޹ǺһЦ̾ðɣȻ㲻˵ҾԼңдʱ䡣
˵ţ޹ٶȷųţ񼧵꣬һ·϶ûκ谭ֱӴԵûκηӦ
޹ʱʲôȻЦԭˣ棬ײʲôأ
ûŴ꣬·ԥʲôһĻ޳ȴǽޱȣʱΨһϣֻؽٵԸԷˡ
ϼһǲǺˣ޳Цһ̼޹
޹ԣĿ޳һۣȻֻ걦ȫҵĻŹǲǰһ걦Сˣ
޳һЦҪĻͽȥȡɡ⼥˵
޹ȴûϵ侲ŵˣּıﲻܴģ걦Ͳ࣬ο걦Լ϶ûˡ
˵ţı˹Ķ󣬻źȻת޳񼧼״ŭϹб³
޹겻ᣬҲǶԵһܵķ£Ȼ²޳а˳û걦ǴһСģֱּţ֮ǰǵ۳һ壬Ŀ޳ꡣ
Σ޳ɫ䣬ȴ֣һ϶Ļ꣬Ϊؽ˥ˡ
ʱһȥվ޹ĻŻɵĴ޳֮Уûܵκεֿ̾һЦȻûл걦塣
˵ţ޹ƻųֱ룬޳ʱŷһֻɫԳڱĿϢ
𣡺ȻɫԳſ˫Ŀ쳤ХһܵҲ޹Ҳһ𶯣һּΪ׵ĸо
£޹˿ûԥųǱŭĽɫԳնһΣٵ
죬ջػŵľ޹鸴ӵĿ޳̾ĻѾ⿪ˣ
ʲô޳һ㶣ǴӺܶطˣδԼ껹
޹״Цһˣļ仹δָЩڻûɡ
޳ԣ˫Ŀž޹꣬ӶԷ̬Ȼһָо޹Ȼ£ȴԼûʲôɱ⣬ȴһ̽
뵽ĵ㾿ʲôˣ
޹һ£¶ɫЩпĵǰ£ף޸Ͻջʧˣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
޳ԼʹеĽɫԳҲǱһƺ޵˸УʵΪʲô
Ϊ㣡޹Ȼ͵ָ޳ŭĵ棬ʱԪ½Ͱƿأֺα˶Ľѡ
ң޳סĵʲôϵ
޹ЦһҪ˵ʲôȻһ٣ͷ󷽣󣬳޳ķſ˾ȵߣ
޳ָɣȻ׾޹ΪҪԼʱȴԥѾӦһǿֹæס񼧣ͷҲصȥ
뿪֮һŻͻأĳھ޹ܵĺˮķЩħ޲ò·߹
䣬ҸղŸӦսϢأŻ潥۳һֻ״һ˫׶Ŀž޹ʵ
޹æͷѾˣ
㣡ŭһƲסɢֱӰ·ļֻħճɻҽȻħ޸ҷκ죬ֻǵͷѸٵͨ
죬˲ƽְܵĻջأε̾ˣҲո׵£
ľ޹û̧ͷֻǵĵѾ㹻ʱ䣬ܹɳĮ֮۵ģᳬһ롣
Σ˲ĵͷǾձɣû㹻꣬ٵҲۿۣһһ½ǰġ
ңͳз˵ųһڽǵħ޴ˡ
ô£²Ҫ׷ֻƣЩħʵǿڶ࣬ۿҪԼķߣΪֺȻˣѵ
в²⣬޳Ĺ͡
ȻûãЩħ޴ڳ֮У޳񼧱֣һϲɹȥʵ֣ħ޵ϳˣ
޳Цһһڳ˵ħ޴ֿʬصսεĵûʲôϵ
粻⣬޳ȴԸ˵İһԣĶһЩȻĿ޳˼֪ʲô
ħ޴ȫ֮󣬾ͽ峤ԼʱѾһʱ滹мһûü
Щͨˣƾ޷뷽۵ģ޳ʵûа취ȥЩ˵ֻÞ˰ǰһ£ͻضϣܹһӡ
޳ֻصɳĮۣ֮ʱ峤Ѿ׼õ󷨣ڻռ۳ϰǳأԪ½ʮ˾ס
ǣλڽԴɽ£ĽԴ֮Ϊ棬ʺԴԪغԪرطҲõģЩ겻Դ֮Ҳ
£޳ǳΪǣԼԼļ磬ƽٹ󣬶ͻԪ½һʧӴ˳Ϊʷ
Ŀռ䣬޳ɴҲΪԪ򣬺øԼһԪ½иУҲһݼɡ
ɳĮ֮ͨĿռѷر֮޳ųʶͳһ£ֽ֮УЩʵǿ֮⣬Ļƽ񣬼ʮڡ
Щ˺ܿͽµĻþԴۼڶļԪ½ϰ˵һطҲӦ
ԭľ񣬼ԪغͱԴ֮Ҳǳ⣬־ס֮УȻʲô
æЩ֮޳ʱûк֮ǣ峤ʵⶫܿɳĮ֮𣿡
峤ԣһЦʵǿȣҪ볹׿ɳĮ֮ǲܵģɾҲǼΪ
һתŵҪԸȴǼΪõģҶʱ˴ˣԲϣƫκһ
ˣ޳ͷܿ˽峤˼ƴӲʵĻ֣ĸ򲻹
ǣֻҪԼ̬ȣҶͲԪңԼҪһȥˡ
Цʵɾ͸ϢԶԶֹһô򵥣аһ׻޷ģܹȫĻ÷ǳ


1700 ǰ
޷ģ޳Ŀ峤ɻʵʲô
峤¶ɫĵԴɾ֮ǰҵģṩķȴкоֻһרſķġ˿Է֮⣬пԿĿػԼģĻûַĹ˻֮Ļڴ˻ϣͨ޾ܣķģʵ޴󡣡
޳ԣľѣȻĻֻǰķЩûʶԸͨ˺ˡ
ͬʱеһ˿ңҿԴɾ˽峤ּԼ֪ԺԿʱĵ
ЩмĵԭˣҪϸоһˣʲôֵĻһġ
峤æ֣ȴżңȻõɾϿɣȻɳĮ֮۵ˣʱֻҪС˵㹦;ˡ
޳ЦһͷģûôôԪ½˶ĹͿǱ컹߰
峤¸ǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ݵǧô˵ɾ֪Ҳˡ
޳µӣЦôɾˣ
ǵǣ峤һЦʵֻɾµһѪܹף̫ӵĻǵɾģʱҵѪջȥͳˡ
ðɣ޳̾Ϣһ׽峤Ϊο˰ԼԭҲǱƣɸпǧɾΪþ˼
޳ҪԪĺ֮ǣȻֱ֣ýҶԼ
ܿ죬λ㴫ػ׷ױʾֻҪ޳ţһȥԲ˽Ԫ
õĻָ޳ĲټԪڶ峤˵ǰˣıԴ֮ԪؼΪ棬ռַǳȶʺϢ
Ǳ߻ħֵΣգҪȥӦǣǿԸɳ޳ˣʵ
Ըȥ
޳ڰ֣ʾףѾ˺ߵͨѶȻż
м峤ʾԸԴǰ֮ǰɳ޳˶õ˷ḻĻرȻҲ
գһһٶԴԸ޳ǰĿЦãǾôˣΪǱֻǰʱ׼ʱ䣬ʱǵȥǶҡ
޳ǶдеĹ޳ֱ̾
ȴЩģǿʼԼĸף޳״οǵ̫ģǰǶ쾳磬Դ֮ײ˵ġ
޴磡̧ͷ޳һۣ˵ЩӶ㣬Ƕ֪ôźˡ
޳ƣҲ˿Ԫ½ΪܺƽٶĴߣҲһ֡
ǺǣСһ׮ǲҪӣ޳˼Ц
ģȻЩҲ˺ܶ飬ΪԼĿĶֶΣɳĮ֮ۻʱǰҲɾͣڱʲôֽš
˵ĬĿ޳亹ֱ԰һ㣬ɾ֮ˣָȾϢ˵ں涼ûйϵһǶȣͬʱйء
Ͷκһɾᱣڵ̬޳ȷɾΨһþǿ԰⿪ӵӦ֮ȻΪȴֻԼһˡ
طҵӦ֮ˣɾԼĿͨԼһЩô
Щ⣬޳²ѣ͵ؿ磬˼ǣ
̾㲻һöֻҪܹͣṩ֮ҲһĿռ䣬αؼ¡
޳ͷ¶ģã֣ңνӰ˼ΣοڵҲǶôȫ
˼һŵǾô죬һóһԴ֣ÞԪܣ㹻ɳԴ֮󣬾ιĳԣܿܳɳ
ͷã¹شһҹػԴԲñƻ
ʱɳһٶԴϵ޳ѲһִѾһԴ۷壬ֻҪԼʱգͻƾ硣
̾Ϣһ޳֪׶༪٣ЩԴ֮УԶزˣλǱߵħ޴ǳȥ֮ҪӱСġ
Ӧʾ޳ڣܹս޲ʤԴˣ޳ֻܿЦһδϣͻҵơ
Ҵ׼һ֮˱뿪ɳĮۣ֮ķˣһ·Ҳ˼ħޣʵǳСһԴʵħ޶ûֻԴ֮޷ʹõġ
Щһ޳Ȼֱ˸ɱ˸ɾǵʬҴҷɹȥϾǱ߲ǹؼûбҪ·Ϻķ̫ʱ䡣
֮򣬶ʱоһǿѾ֣˵Ϊꡣ
޳ĸӦеϢԼ²⣬Щһ֣Ѿȫչ
ǰУ޳ȷһ㣬ħޱ֮ǰ·϶Ҫ࣬ʵҲǿ٣ƺΪľߣҲ˺ܹؼá
ЩħŶƺܴǿԼ޳ҲǾս֮󣬲ŷһ㡣
·;ñ㾡ϢŨĵطħ޴սԼⷽԿ̫󣬾ûԱ̫ľʱ䡣
ֳĶ˼ʱ޳ŸӦһϤİϢĵģϲĴȥʵǰ޳Ǳôˣ
ˣĳ̾һĵҪֲסˣεħ޴г˸öļһɢߣͨȾսʱӱСģвսʿȾߣʧֱ
޳һǾЩͨĶֻͨЧôλҲ޷
ȥ̽һԼҲ˵ʵʲôطɢˣ
̾ԭһϿڳһŲǳñϣ
ֵߣҲ֪ɢʲôط֮СһЩҪʹ


1701 
޳ʵȾߵʲô֢״
ʼǾݽߣ궼ܵ𺦣ԽԽСͣжļһϾǸȾߡ̾
ãһģ޳˵
󣬰ѸȾ֢֮״ˣҲ׷𾪣δ˵߿ͨȾģɷ׷ԵԴնܡ
£Ҳʩչзڵϣһ·СۼĵطȻ˺֢ܶ״塣
Щеľ·ϣ޳ֻ۾΢һ£ְȥƹǣȥ
Щˣ޳ԸСһЩҪͬʱ̲ס̽
ų˿СĽӴһˣ޳˶Էṹķľ͵ѾɱеĵطѣнеҲڲϵͨ崫ʧ
Σ޳˼߸Ⱦ꣬ԲԷΪ֤һ㣬ðһԡ
ԶһЩ޳Űԭأͬʱų˿֮С
һ˵ķʮǿ󣬾Ǳ׻Ҳ¶ɽ롣
ǴˣΪѾһԴҲʼԼĻ¶޳Ļ˿ȴ˿ûκεֻֿ̽롣
˿СĵĽ˵֮У޳۲ʱеҪԼռС࣬Ще۳һ󷨡
󷨵ģ۳һССʯ̨ڴ˵أ޳ϸĹ۲ţÿһʱ䰡ʯ̨оͻһֻ͸Сޡ
С޲ûɢκϢֻ޳Ļ˿᱾ܵĹȴ޳ɻƣ֮£ʱһС޵Ȼɻɡ
ٲСƺĳ;֪޳˿֮Ҳٽֻתͷܡ
޳ƻ˿ĵĸȥ뿴ԷʲôƬ֮䣬СѾһƬɫϢĵش
޳Ļ˿ҲʼܵӰ죬궯һЩɫϢܾߵԴ²Ҵ⣬ɻ˿۳һ壬ǿǹ궯ѹȥ
޳ֿƻ˿ɫֻ˿ٶȻüһڲͣıš
ڣ޳Ļ˿Ѿ߹ģȫɫϢɵ֮䣬ѾģϢΪǿЩܵС޶ۼڴˣ֮ӵһ𣬽ںϳһ塣
Сں̬֮һŲ䶯ɴĻɣȴԵ۾͡
޳ϸĹ۲ȻԷ͵ſ죬һŭ
޳ֻеԼĻ˿𶯣˲ʧʧȥ˺ͻ˿ϵ˼άҲصʵ
ù죬޳ų̾һһְְ½й߻Ⱦ꣬ûҵԸİ취
ԣ׷ۣЩֵĵһ·Ҳ˼Ⱦߵ壬ΪֹҲû˵⣬л᲻ʲô⣿
ţ޳һۣ˼ȷˣѾһԴΪ˼ɵߣԼߵȴ˿ܵӰ죬ȷʵп֮
ô̽ʵ
ղ˳һŵһ²⣬ߵĸȾҪһֻһʱ֮Ż֣ҲԽ״
һ˵˷׷׻Ȼʣ޳ҲЦԭˣ
ϵģʵǰ򣬿ԹʲôطͬĶ
ʣҲǴпܵĵط֣ϢԪ½ͨģΪϢӰ죬޳ҲߣǾֻܴʳѰԭˡ
Ȼĳ˼Ƭ̣شΪٻ޾֮ɭһŲܹ֮õǿԴ֮Ϊѵ
Ȼ֮ͣ£ɻĵߵĳ֣ͻйأ
޳ԣѾȷԭ򣬱Σʱֹͣûǹȥ˵
ˣ̾Ϣһ˵ıô׳֣ԭС
޳㲻ٿѹԼʵʩչзܿԭǵıһŲ
Źһ˲䣬޳͸еӷǳϤ΢һ䣬뵽ڲľĲֺ񷣬üһģһ
ֻǣѾǧ׸ߣ׳쳣ԶԶȥڵλû˸˸Źɫʵ
ߵ޳ܵǹʵĹâһ˿ǱĬȥν³Ѿ϶νĻǸԴڡ
ڹĸ޳ѾܹĸܵĵϢæɹȥŷڹĸɼչˡ
ôļ˥ӣ޳ǵʵ
û£ϵжˣ޷ж̧ͷЦһεĵ
ףʱܹеķģȴߺǳҪңСĸȾߡ
̾ףǲܵ߸Ⱦ
ʲôһ㶣Ȼʲô˫Ŀ¶⣬ɫһ䣬æҪңǿȥĿռѷ죬ŮΣա
޳ɫһ䣬æʣô£
ԵüΪóҴ˵Ź峤ϰ귢ֵģֺȻҵһϹ󷨣ŮԴҪһٴݻٿռѷ졣
ˣ޳ʱȻǸļϸæ˵ǿ
ĵĵ޴磬ȥɣҪס
޳һۣ˫Ŀ΢죬ƺ⣬ֻ̾Ҳãߺû͵Ϯ
ȴعңڻѾȥĲһЩУǲġ
ȴֵĵУթˣ˭֪ʲô
ҲȰǰף峤һԴ۷壬ʵǼΪҪģСҲΪ˴롣
Σֻ̾ʲôǿɣһоˡ
޳̾ϢһҴҺ񼧵𣬱˴Ҵҷռѷ죬һ·ϹȻħ
Щħ޵ʵΪǿ󣬼һԴʵǲҪĴ߶꣬ӳ޵
Щħޣ޳˿ûֱӼ˿Ǵ飬ͷ۵ģѾʼħޡ
ħ޵л˿Ժ޳һʱ䣬ħԳûˡ
Σʱ̣޳Σֻʱѻ˿ֿԶȥЩħ޾ԼȥԸЩͼЩħޡ


1702 
һ·ϵսǳңΪ˾ϵռѷ죬ħޱһɱ˫ˡ
޳Ļ˿ҲĲСҿ⣬֪ΪΣÿ˿ݽ֮ʱеĶɫԳ᳤Хһܲµ
λ޳״ʼӦ֮ãʱҲ޷ֻ֤ʱ²⣬ʱо
ɱռѷ֮ʱѾмԴսʣµԴҲƣǵıԴ֮ݽߣȴڲϵĴ߷Լҧս
ʱѾããħΧס޳ǰɽͻŮˣɱһѪ·ǻϡ
ϴˣǰɽ޳Ĳ޳üչĵǱһӡռѷ죬ϧʧˡ
޳ɨˣʵ˭ǰꣿ
Ůһ㶣ű˵ĵΪӡ󷨣Ѿˡ
ʲô޳ɫһ䣬ôڴ;Բڼ飬ǿŹν͡
ҲǾȣٴʵ֮ǰʲô쳣ľٶ
Ů鱯ʹĵʱѾȾߣٿݽߣǴ߷ԼѪ֮ңע뵽ӡ֮С
ŮĵӣҲʣֻǿ޳ѵû⣿
޳Ҳƣòҵһܵԭߵк͹ĻûйϵЩҲΣգϾѾ޷жϾʲôĸı䡣
ʱܵħ޴ڷĽţ޳ʱ뷨Ǻͻ˿ǹŭһλһͬЩħɱȥ
ɱһѾʿܵȾҲʼ߶׼ƴһ
˲䵹ת޳˾һֻİħ޴İΧȦ˺һӣǰɽ˻ͻŮ뿪
𣡾˼ӳΧȦʱ򣬺Ȼ󷽴һ쳹׵ľ޺ڽħ޴ͣ١
޺ͻȻ޳ΪҲĿѣ𵴣οԴǷ׷ʹͣ½Ŭ˹˺
һеı仯ֻ˲Ϣ֮ɣȺ£ħ޴ѾٶΧսԵ
޳֮лָԼߵ˶Ա֮ǰ˲٣Ѿ򿪵Ŀ˲䱻ħ޴ϣѳȥ
æһˣλ񣬲ҪħԻ󡣡
ŭ˲򣬷׷׼ǿʽٶȺħ޴սһǰɽεĻͻŮصС
޳ҪԴǳħ޵İΧȦȴÿμɹʱ򣬶ᴫһĺ˲ħ޵ս
޳ҲʼϤԼ֮ͬĺӦѱħӰˣʱһÿζᱻεĴ
ҵսϳţ޳罹ȥԼⷽʧԽԽ࣬ԭǰɽҲʼȾߣ޷ս
޳ʵǿ󣬴ʱҲǶľ֧ħ޴İΧȦԽԽСڼװ˻ʱ
Ȼ֮䣬һХԶħ޴һʱֹͣ˹ղǵħٶ𣬲ȴûá
һͷ޴ããħ޴ǵصĳ˹ǿֱӰһƬħ飬޳ǰ
֣޳ͷϰȻİӣϲغôˣ
ԴɳĮ֮ۼ峤֮׺ʹħ޴Ȼʧ޳Ϊ˴Ǩûй˼ʱ׺ǰʱоϣ
׺һЦ޳ǰȻɳĮ֮۸ӦһϤϢͨѰԼĻ䣬ϧʧˡ
ԭˣ޳ͷȻоʲôطԾɳĮ֮λɾƣһֱһǸģ׺Ϲʱڵˣôˣ
ʱ޷Ϊ֮ǰħٶħ޴Ҳ
׺״Ծһ֣ſ죬һХٶȽħ޴סԥԭת
𣡡ħȻӴ׺üͷһ壬ž߿ӴҲŴ޴󣬼һСɽ׶ֱЩħ޵꣬ٶȰȥ
쵰ʱһز𣬽ţħ޴󷽷ɳһֻ޴Ĺ
߲Χɢâ޴ͷ­֮һŻɫ򣬲ϵš
׺״˫Ŀһغԭ㣡
ͷն˫ĿȻų⣬ɨս׺ϣȻЦ׺㲻ô
׺ЦһмĵΪвôǸðƻ
㣡ƺ£ŭģͨͷ­еŻɫҲɢһаϢܻĵµ㻹ھͻɢļһ
׺ԣֻǵȻһЦʲôǵϽһֻˣȴǰ𣿡
ʱסԥĿ׺̽ĵ㣬һؼˣ
׺ûᣬֻһ޳㸸µĽƣֻҪнվԳһѪܹڻУȻҰߡ
޳һΪ׺ϽԼĸϵֲʣ½Լ޷ܡ
׺Ȼɵͷңָŭսת֮ǰҷݹˡ
˵ţ޳һۣ޳ΣֻñƳһѪ֮۳һѪɫǹڲľǿһжԸֵģϣҲܵӰ졣
Ȼ̲סĿ޳ȴڼֵĵܣѾˣô
޳мĵּķ֪ģǹ˵ţƾҪѪǹӳȥ
𣡡ں£˵Ҫ֣ҲսԻ˱
ܿ죬ЩΧ˵ħ޴׷ȥգ֮䣬󷽵Ŀռѷʧ
ʱ޳ųһҪѪǹȥʵ𵽵þûôмĿһ׺ֶԹܺã㻹ԽվԳһ˿η֮ģҾɡ
Ѫǹջأ޳ֶ˵ǿ뿪˵ء
εĿŵֵˣҲûа취˺ԴǶ뿪֮Ŷվԭص޳׺λΥ׵ǾԲĹҵģ֪ܷһ·
ʲô޳һҪܾ׺ȴĵԣҪмһӡ
ԥƬ̣Ȼĵðɣ
󣬹һ󶶶ܿ컯һ㼸̵Сʵʵķɵ׺ǰ


1703 ȱ
׺ջϢȻҿƣ޷ٶΣӴ˾޳°ɡ
ΣֻõͷǣǰҵСˣûʲô˵ġ
Ϊ׺ǿƳ֣Σ⣬޳׺صѾʼˡ
ʱֽ͵ⳡҲµġ
Ůԣߺ޵Ŀһۣ޳Ѿ͹Ӵ˼սˣΪԼˣǾٷŭҲ޷ùôˡ
ǰ޳ָĻЩûʲôΣ
һ㶣ŵ޾֮ɭϹ壬ĻԾ̲꣬ǼƷ֪κΣ
޳ԣеЩ⣬ʣǰأ
ʲôһ㶣·û޳˼
ʱѾָ߹ǰҵģȥӡռѷ죬ͬע⡣
̾һ޳ΪҪ׷ʣֻεĵҵֻħ޴ռķ棬ȴûжҽ
˵ĳϿң޳˼겻ǼϸҵĹ󣬿ܾĿġ
뵽޳ε̾ϢһΪеϧԼͲˣ˱صҲ֪
ʱѾŤ֮ҲʼŰٿռ䶼ʼݣ޳ĵ˴˻صɳĮ֮ۡ
Լ׺һ취ѹֵԼʶ֮УϹ壬ܹ̲ıԲܾʹ˷
޾֮ɭҲֻ˵ഫǹһ棬ӵǿ꣬ľԴ֮ƿظǵϽ޷󼰵ĲΡ
Ϊ޾֮ɭ츳⵽ĳͷԶ̳һŹҲ棬޷ٽ
ִ޾֮ɭȻңȻ޷㿪ʼѰҽѵİ취ǰѪֻ֮ȥγ˲ֺ
ڲֺĹ£ûϸ˵ֻ˵ͬΪͷ֮ء
ˣ޳Ȼ֪ͷֺڲľˣ޾֮ɭǳ׾ˡ
Ȼ͵ִɰεض޳׺æܣĿһĻ
Ӵĸ뿪֮ڰУ֦Ҷ׷䣬Ҳˮһ¡
޳׺࿴һۣԼͬʩչЩĻʶ֮С
󣬹ڳװ䣬Ҳʧȥ˹Ƥ࣬ûκ޳ɣ̽غ㻹𣿡
ûκλӦֻǲϵĿήţۿɿʼѿһִķ϶ľԴ֮ӿܵŤ֮һ𣬼˿ռı
Ѿˣ߰ɣ׺̾Ϣһ޸п˵
޳Σٿһ۹׺һͬ뿪򣬵߳ϰ֮Ȼһ졣
ͷȥѾ׵Ť֮·ʲô׷ӿģĿռҲʱơ
޳̾޾֮ɭǸȡһʱ䣡
׺Ҳεĵϧĩպƽվ
ζһۣ뿪Ƿ֮ء
֮ǻصɳĮۣ֮滹һЩ壬ŮҲڴ˵أ޳߹ȥɻʵΪβȥ
ŮɫҵĵЩΪ޷ɳĮۣ֮
޳Զԣ뱻ڶİգֺγʹֻ֣Ǵܸıˡ
ǻúûֹջܹһʱգ޳Ů棬Ȱ޹ҲֻýɳĮ֮ۡ
ٺ֮޳ѹйʵ㣬˵ϽǷǵվԳ峤ģ
ԣȻ׺ȴûмᣬ޳ȴЩͷԣŭ˵˵ԥʲô
Σֻ̾ȷˣϽǵܵĵһˡ
Ļ£޳ֻо̵һ£·ʲôԶĶеĽɫԳһᡣ
ӦԳıʹ޳ΪʲôΪʲôҪԪ½ӣ
Ĭԣ޳ӷŭָ˵Ժкӹ
Ѿʧȥǵ޳ȴЦһ׺ε̾ʵϽҲԵһӶѣҲһվ
޳Ȼȴʵ޷ܣʱ׺̾޳ҪپЩˣȻսתȴѾӵȳеЩνĶ
޳һ㶣Ŀ׺Ȼʵ˵ɳĮ֮ûҵ䣬ǲģ
׺رĿ⣬Ȼֻҵһ֣ûȫҲԿ϶ڵ㣬Զս
Ȼ޳аٸн֮ǰһֱӱܺͽվԳѪϵ֪һֶģֿʼԹԼǰȴҪһ㣬ĽѾ壬սѪУҲԼѡ
ã޳̾ϢһĽᣬֿʵ㵱ĵ𣿡
ЦһԸڼǰҲ£ϧһжѾˣ
ʲô޳һ㶣Ϊĵңû뵽ʵԼԤϣæʵô£
̾Ҫȱ˵ˡ
޳ȵʵҲȱݣ
ûоĴڣˣˣ¶ɫпĵ
ֵȱ̫ԣ˼жй̶·ʵǿҲױץס©Ϊֹ˷֮⣬ȫĴǧƽ⡣ʱٶȻǼ죬ҲǲȫģܻһЩȶǱ
ÿһʱ䣬Щȶػ۵һĳ̶ȣͻῪʼұ飬ֱٶϡ̷ǳʹ࣬ÿζҪһǿһЩȥĻͻᱻץסᣬû
̾һΪˣҲ޷ֽ⣬㿪ʼѰתʹķȻɹˣǾѰҺƳɻūʹࡣ
˵ԳʺʹɫϽ۷壬ǿޱȣ֮ӦʹҲǳģкüζ㱻ץס㿪ʼĴѰҺʵƻū֮һ
ԭˣ޳ЩĵԹˣҲ֪ѵʹǶôǿ󣬶Ե޹ʣȴҪ˳֮ʹ˭Թ


1704 Ű
󣬹ְƵū˵˳ֱȸͰ׻һ𣬹ͬΪޣޣʵתʹĳˡ
Źߺ޺Ͳɫ޳Щ˽ֻ֮ε̾˲ǳҾԲԪ
׺ȴȻûѡֻԱԴ֮㹻ҲѾγϵͳҪʵͱѡ֮һ
޳ҲǣΣƵĵѵûһȫûиõĹ𣿡
׺̾Դ֮Ƽ򵥣ʵӣһ˿ģǿֵزҪ뵽ǸΣ϶Ҫ֮ͨһĹʵֵģһˡ
޳зѣʱƫƫջ֮ᷴˡ
ʵĵҾͲų޷ͱԴ֮ˡ뵽Ͽռ䣬ȻǷֻص䣬һµĻ᣿
ԣһ£ʵʲôֻص䣿
׺ȴףֻǵȻĵֻصֱָеȫϣֻء
õ𸴣޳Զ˵ֻصҲһģԱ֤оûʲô⡣
ңֻصǰǱҪ㹻ǿ꣬ǿ
ۣ޳ޱߵľ֮Уڿ˼֮ʱ򣬺ȻǰɽҴҵĹ
ô£޳ͷ󺹵ӣ֪鲻ʵ
ϴǸֳˣǰɽĿ˹һۣŵ˵
ʲô޳һԪ½ϣ֮أԲݳκʧ
ʵô£
ҲԵû뵽ʲôȻɫһ⣬ͬӵнվԳѪ֮ܶҵֽš
˵ţ˫Ŀɮ붨һԭſ£˼֮С
죬Ȼһٶ۾˫Ŀ֮ȴŹĻ⣬޳Ź۾ȻоϢϤ
磬þòſ죬һļЦ
ףսϳŭָŹΪ㣿
ЦĸӷҲŲųĵײһŲߵҴƻļƻ᲻
˵ţ׺ȻĿת׺һһٵĵ˵أ
׺һͷȥû޳ȴĪѵ׺ʲôϵɣ
׺ԼȴȻ˵ߣһʼ壬˵ʲô²󻹲ΪԼ档
ļһ޳ú⣬ֻǳʲôԹòҪ۵ϡ
ˣЦһ޳磬ʵΪ𣬿Ц㵽ڻûо˵츳ȴۣĽվԳһ壬֪׵ΪҪִļƻ
޳˫ĿһҪʵʲôƻΪλױӣԷȴ·ʧȥȤۿܵ磬ŵˣҪһսûˣ磬Ȱ㲻Ҫȥ֮صң취߰ɣ
£˫ĿлʧٶȻָޣʹһ޳ε̾ˣЩȾߵлвĻޣѾ
޳̾һȻʵǸν
ЦһɼܿƵģʵΪ
޳ֿ׺˫Ŀź⣬ŵһ˵޷Щ޵ģΪ֮ƣֻȥҶæˡ
޳𣬽峤˵ͳɳĮ֮۵ĶѾɼ𣬶ܵƣӦĶ
£޳ǰɽǣЩȾߵ˸Ҫɢȥ
ǰɽѾˣѵɢ̫죬ѾӵʮС
Ͼ޳ٵʱ䣬ֱӶԽ峤ϵ
ͬʱ׺Ҳţֱȥ붫ļУߵӣȡ㹻ʱ䡣
ûã峤㴫ظε̾һﲻϳְæ
쵰޳ŭǲ֪ܹǵ𣿡
峤ЦһѾ˵ˣ⵽ǼЦ˵ʵҲ޿κΡ
̵ģ޳ˣɳĮ֮λɾƣΪľǸԼõĻþɳĮ֮еȴڹؼʱôһ֣ʵ޷̡
ȻǲʣͱҲˣ޳Цһֶ׺֣ҰѿҶ㣬ʰһ¡
׺ԣ޳֣ųɾԼǹϢѾ۳һö̻߲ʻķġ
ŷвʵ߲׺ųţ֮ϵһ𣬺ȻĲӱԵʼһʧ
Σ׺æ֣ε̾ҵ֮û޷ٿ
⣡޳Ŀǰĵƾ׺ţˣȻҲûа취ٿѵľһңڣ
ʵջطģǿԼ侲һתЦһߣΪҾûа취𣡡
ôǵĿ޳ǲܴ̼ȷˡ
޳ӻ֣ЦҶʵǿҵȷ޷Ը¿ûôǿ꣬ҲԵֵɡ
㣿Щ޳뷨ȻЦѵɢȥ
޳ͷȻǼȣǾһɡ
˵ţԽ峤Ҵ򿪾ܶĿռѷ죬ҪɢɳĮ֮еĿռ֮С
峤ԥɫѿĵ̫ðɣɳĮ֮һдССϰٸռ䣬ȻûɼҲǿƣһǶˣԺҲѰ
޳ε̾ҾҪǵΣնҼһôĸԸİæߡ
峤ԥ֮У׺ȴҿ취УɣʮɵΧҲֲʲôôοʱ޿̲˶ԷԲϣܵκ˺
ðɣ峤ε̾Ǿô죬Ժ飬Ȼ˵ɡ
󣬽峤켸£ǰеĳУĴ򿪿ռѷ죬ְһЩѾȾߵͨ͵Ŀռȥ
Ҫʱ䣬ڼ䣬޳ֺ׺һͬǰǸĳУ۲ЩȾߵķӦϣܹҵһȽɵĽ취


1705 Ѫħ
޳Ѿͨ˿ܵ޵ĴڣЩһճҺĶɢ˵ı֮е۾Ķͬ飬ƺҪҲȥ
׺͸һܹӦޣûֱӰϧʵǿҲֻͬʱǧеĻޡ
ͬʱгǧ˱Ⱦ׺ľٴڱˮн𲻵ã޵ٶȳߵٶȣɺϣ
۲˼죬޳׺ûҵκν취ʼٸߣԼϤߣҲһĪչ
ڼ䣬峤Ҳ˳İɢɳĮ֮ϰٸռ䣬ɹŭЩռˡ
һգ޳ڶ׺۽֮Ȼߵһռѿһͷǧ޳档
Ǿ޳޳ŭһ˹޳ӦԷĻ˿˿ԼС˿ֿ
ϣ޳һֻ̽˲ջػ˿ŭԪ޳
޳ͷĿֱܹӶλԼλã򿪿ռѷ죬ҲһıģҴ⣬ʱۻ˿׼ӦԶԷٶȹ
ߣ޳ŭһŵҳԩ޳ΪҪȥ
ԭǿ޳¶֮ɫεĵҲûа취ҶЭǳ׽ߣֻԼѰͬˡ
˵޳ӷŭǧֻͬʱ𶯣ҲͶҪвǣֱ˵ΪλҪһ٣ɢַ
⣡޳һЦ֪λشյȷ̫ˣûпǵЩϸڣʱ˱ʣҲǲ쳣
޳޳ĬŰջأ̾Ѿˣߵʲô·Ȼ˿Ҳ޷
޳˹һۣһĵİԼһ
֮󣬾޳淴û֮ǰô֮ʱˣŵȻɼ˸ĹҲûʸǣʲôʱȥƶ֣
޳֪ռֻõҲżû㹻ǿһͬǰĻջʧܡ
кѣ޳дԽϵƣȥռ̽һ
̫ˣ޳ϲĵûкʵѡǾͷˡ
޳һ󶶶ǵչƺΪ⣬ֿһۣŵҵϢɡ
󣬾޳ŻδʧĿռѷ˻ȥܿӴʧ
Ⱦ޳ϢʧµĵȻܹɵɳĮ֮۵αȴǧ绹Ҫߣ﾿ʲô˽ģ
޳ԣæʵôȥǧ磿
ͷ¶ɫʱԪǻǳڴǧģһжˡ˵пǧ
޳ֺʵԪǵʲôӵģǧĺܴ𣿡
λָɣĵȻˣԪһһԲڴǧ磬ΧһűԪǻҪ򱶵ܶʼתʱ޿̶ܵõ֮䡣
˵¶ɫڴǧ磬͸Īˣഫб鲼Ԫǵ򣬵໥֮䶼ããգ֮вǿŤ֮һЩҵķ֮жҪС
޳̧ͷһеİ֣ĵô˵ȷѰҿֺͷ֮һСֲ࣬Ϊܲ˶֮
ҡҡͷ̾һҾͲ˽ˡ
޳ֿ׺Ҳһ˼ɫ̾ɳĮ֮۲λɾƵ𣿻һЩɡ
޳̾һĿǰҲֻеͨˣ뵽Դռ޾ıԴ֮ԴλɾΥ˽ģ͵һЩҲΪ
֮ǧ޳ٴλƿռ䣬޳ǰԵЩڱѾˣܵ߸ȾĿռ֮УмʵеѾ⼸аصĲԸ룬ʣµٶȥҶָ˵
޳ԣĵ̫ˣж
޳ͷֻƿռ䣬޳׺֮УִʱѾۼϰٸԴĸ֡
Щ̬죬޳ĿҲǸвͬеĴžηеԹޣһƽ
ЩΪԼߵĿռ޳һЦλ֮ǰǵǸ
˵ţϹȻ˻ؾԾԭأûᡣ
޳һЦֶԾ޳ܴͨڵĿռ𣿡
޳ԣΪѵĵǿԣǵĿռ䶼н籣óȻ룬»⵽ơ
޳Цһָָˣν϶ҧô֣һɼĴţ𣿡
˵ţָָߵ׺Ҳϵķųߵɫţ˾Īɼġ
£׺ЩſʼԾһ֮˾ȥѪħ
ѪħڵѪһƬѪɫɣеں֮£ƽʱǲģ԰ȫһЩ
޳ɳĮ֮۲ǺϤʱԸ֧ԼҲûбҪᣬȻѡѪħԼϾˡ
޳˺һξ룬ľ㣬ܿŤ֮ۼȥЩŤ֮ûжƻֻǲϵΧƾ޳ת
Ť֮תٶԽԽ죬޳ΧĿռҲŤγϸСѷ졣
ʱ޳淢Ƴһ죬ƺĳħϸСռѷ콥ںγһ̿ľ޴϶
ȿռ϶ȶ֮󣬾޳ҲЩĶ˺ˣͨѪĿռͨ
˵ţ޳ƺԼҹȥҪߡ
޳׺һۣ˵ȻһЦֱӷռѷ죬УˣԥƬ̣θ˽ȥ
Ѫ޳еһӴڲϵɨռ䣬ĵһ̱㱻ǹˡ
·һƬããѪ޴ĺڲϵĻɱ޳ľѣЩͽ֮еԴʵӽɹǡ
ǵѪʱǺܼͣߵĺһ˺ͻ飬ʳʺѪҺܵˣЩ޵Ĺ˿𺦡
ֻǵֻʣһսʱ򣬾ͻһͷ뺣Уʧ
Ѫħ޳ſԼȻ
Ǳ죬Ǳѹ̫ãѾһȻūԣʱѪеĺޣָܵ޴ڵѹŵòҶ


1706 Ż
޳δ䣬ѪĿռȻðޱȣ·ޱѪûκϢЩ޴ĺҲͬʱǱˮС
һʱ֮Ϣǧ޳澪ŵĹˣҪãǻ뿪ɡ
ѪħŭɲǺġһҲǾֲѵĵ
޳ûǣܵԼֻܹ֮̽ԶͻһεѹƣΪԷ̫ǿȻ޷͸еıʡ
֮ˣȻ֮䣬·޾֮дһ޳ϢĻ
ѹƲѪӾĴ߶˿Լ
Ƭ֮·Ѫ͵ӿѪɫˮӿ۳һ޴ģӰ
ǸӰͷĸ޳ˣĿɨ׺ʱ򣬺Ȼһ̽ʵҲɣ
仰һʳ޳׷ױɫȻ׺ͷȻ
Ȼˣֺαң޴Ӱôţ֮ʱЩͷʵ
޳˶׺Ϊɵʵ׺൱ټôԴҪԼ߿϶ӮڸȾߣֻɼ˲ܽӴΪɳĮ֮۵ˣҪһæ𣿡
ѪħȻЦѵųȥ𣿡
޳ɫ΢һ䣬һȷЩʱ˲Ŀ⣬Ψҧֵ˭㲻ϳ֣Ψϸˡ
˵ţһۣԹԼģȴǶսѪħȨ˷ܡ
ѪħҲʶԥƬ̣εĵҲϰ㣬ֱͨ괫ȾģҲ޿κΡ
˵޳ŭѾɼ겻֪ǿ˶٣ôûа취ҿǲְɡ
ѪħԣûмŽֻͣǺȻ֮䳷ȥ˽ƣ޳ֻеܵԾæͨɫ˫ͫ鿴
һ֮£ȴ޳𾪲ѣԭ˵صıԴ֮ǿޱȣȴ˿ûκϢ
׺Ҳ˼ĵѪħû꣡
ʲôһ˵˷׷𾪣һǵ꣬˵øҪѪħû꣬ģ
޳ҲͬɻĿ׺ûпɣ
׺ȷŵĵᣬȫоڣƾȴ޷ġ
˿ѪħߺȻһ߲ʺǣɢǿıԴ֮˺Ҫˣǿߣ
˭޳ʵ
Ѫħûش޳⣬ֻһӣѪӿˮ棬һע֮С
ģѪħ屻Ѫɫʵ׳ΪһѪɫ˫ĿˣδպϵĿռѷ졣
ţ˱еһΪǿѹ𾪵ĻͷȥȴǿһȻǵѹȴڲϵǿ
㿪Ȼ׺ʶʲôųߵţ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǹѹ޴һݺݵڻ֮ϣŷǿҵ
޳ں˵ʱԴնܣǱɲ˲ֻоһԺдһɾʹ
ʱ޳еʹмصֱʹȥֱֱĵѪ֮У˲Ϣ֮㱻˺ѡ
޳ڻ֮䣬ֻеĽɫԳһŭɢѹȣָ֮󣬲ŷ׺ɫΪѿҲһ˿Ѫ
ô£޳æɹȥеʵ
׺˫ĿעŻţǼŻѻ˿ջȥ
޳һȻ׼Żʲôæջػ˿ʱеĽɫԳȴųһ֮˿һС
˿ܴ޳ʱоһһľʹɾʹĿ죬ȥҲ죬ȽɫԳװѻ˿֮귴û֮ǰС
ѵ޳ĶŻ׺ǰߵţԲ²⣬νļŻǿֱӶõʽ
뵽æȴѾһˮУʣµҲǸȻ֮ɫĹˡ
ʹ࣡ƿռǧ޳ʱ岻ϵŤ˿ܿƵƻžѪ⣬ʱ㱻гΡ
޳״æѻ˿
ǧ޳ԣһ˿ɻ󣬺ֱܿʹȡ޳Σֻóȥǿٶȼ˿Ļ˿סԼ֮С
𣡽ɫԳΪĺٶȰ˿ɣҲС˼֡
ˣ޳ε˵ֿǧ޳棬пѾƴһ˿Ҳڿٵϡ
лǧ޳ٺ֪޳Լм˵
޳̾һεĿŸ౻ԼĻ˿Żʵǹ죬ԼнɫԳ³Ҳһ
գ֮䣬޳ٶֻʣ¼ʮܿǾʹ䡣
£޳ֻöԽɫԳ˵Բ㻯⣬һЩʧصĻ˿ȫԼ֮С
ΣɫԳҲ˲һ˿ֱУտʼɵɣŻ˿࣬ҲС
ֲս޳ѾﲻæĿŽɫԳĿһҪסҪЩ˿ȫǶҪ군
ɫԳ·޳˼²ٱ־Գ̬һŤһɫ
޳㿴ɫĻ֮ϣӿĻ˿Щ˿ĽԼռҲʼҵ
ɫ˿ҲڲͣķתÿתһȦм˿飬ɢ޳ռ֮С
޳ŵĿһĻ֪˶ãеĻ˿֮ǶɫŽֹͣתɫȴѾ࣬ӽ͸
صʵ޳ĹˣмʮԼ׺վѪħϣǸռѷ촦һ
ˣǧ޳޳˫Ŀָģųһµ̾
޳ŵĿ׺ѪħʵЩʧصĻ˿˶೤ʱ䣿
ʱһ˵һʱɡ
ʲô޳а⼸ʮ˵Ļ˿ٶԼȻ˲һʱ꣬ȻǼŻȴֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǵĻ˿
뵽ԼͶԷʵ࣬޳亹׺ʵǿʲô͵Ϯ𣿡
ǧ޳ҡҡͷûУԴ׺˺Ѫħվ֮ܵѹƾСࡣ
һҲûλˣǿˡ


1707 Գ֮
Щһﾪŵӣ޳εҡҡͷɹȥ׺һ֮ոշɳһأ֮ȴһ϶ϤͽҪȥ
ʦ޳ͣ£ϳյģ¼ļæʵ˼ôʧôã
̾Ϣһεĵ㱻ŻУҲġ
޳һæʵΪʲô
ʵںԻģһУһֱСΪԴռ䣬ǵѾĵոпĵ
޳ԣޱնԼȻϸȴʵһʦΪԼ֮࣬˿ٴҲǱű֮ˡ
£޳̾һǼŻƽ⣿
յŻ漰֮ڵΪǰﲻʲôæġ
ЦҲ̫ģ׺Ǹкһ˿֮Ǻ֮£ܹⳡΣġ
޳ԣһ㶣ĵ˵ʲôѪħк
ȷϵĵܸе̺ϢȻαװְԵıڲסġ
ͽܰյȻ΢ҵʱѾˣ֮ǰеֻɫԳʵҽһЩѪ֮еĴںϣһ塣
޳ͷճ֣Լʶһ㣬ͬʱҲΪνɫԳǶ֮Уȴڹؼʱְ̳Լ
ԭɫԳһѣԼѪ֮ȡյĴпƣܲϲ֮޷̫á
ڣҾԼһʹɡպȻ֣ޱȵ˵
޳һֻоһɾʹʹæʦ㣬Ҫʲô
ЩοЦôҵӣҲ֪ˡ
˵ɣ޳Ȼʧȥ˶ĸ֪ʶռ䣬ֻƬޱ޼ʵĿռ֮УѾǵĹâ
Щâ޳뵽˱Դռ䣬ͬǳһţͬǱԴռ֮л߲ʵıԴ֮
޳ռǿͼʱҰȻһžۼһǺ֮УۿȥܶһƬĿİ׹⡣
Ȼ֮䣬Ǻӵǳת֮У޳ۻңԵʱЩǳͬʱͣ¡
˿̣޳ǰһޱȸӵͼǳͼܶʼѭ裬˼𺳡
֮ʣȴʱӰŴǧ硣յңԶմص޳ߡ
Ƿ֮޳̽ʵ
պȻЦô򵥣֮ʹһֻ֮УܹеļѾǳˡ
㿴ˣɷ֮ܳĻ֮Ļһ䣬Ϊ֣صĵ֮Ѿãɵֻص֮ǰͬİѱԴ֮ͻתƺƻꡣ
޳Ķž޴ǿͼ̾ѵŻǴܳģ
ЦǼŻ㻹ǵκȻͬ⸱ͼ
޳ͷѾ
üͷʵǣδ֮أ
ճĬ죬ԵһЩ˶ˣÿ˵֮У֮һֻһֻ˵һЩֻҪϵĳԸϣһֻ
ǣгֻֻԵüΪѣϣҪСάֻ֮ƽ⣬ͻ⵽ɡ˵ԵЩп
޳ԣȴƲѣӦ֮壬ֻȫУҪͨͼֱ֮ȵ컹ѡ
ʱ޳ǰĻͼȻʧɻͼǳҲʧȥ˹âڰ֮УյҲţͽĴѾĵӴ֮һоҪԼˡ
ʦ޳һʵĻֱۺ㲻Ҫߣһа취ģҡ
οЦرˣЩΪ㣬ҲΪҵ그µĴծ
ʲô޳һ뵽ʮǰغƽ٣ѵ֮⣬ҲУ
ҪʣպȻΪԾĺԭӣ޳ҪСġ
δ䣬յʹжϣ޳κûκλӦ
ʱռѾָƽǳʧɫԳӰҲʧ޳пվԼ֮
֮̾Ϣһصʵ磬ȴԼǧ޳ıϣʮػ
޳æվѾϿռ䣬һ˷ٶȼ죬·ڶʲôֲĶ
Ѫħ׺ڶǰ޳ʵôܵˣ
ǧ޳ͷ·εĿ̾һѪѾ飬ʱܿͻᲨϿռ䣬Ǳ뾡뿪
ʲô޳ǰѪħ׺һǵϢѾ˺ܶ࣬Ǿһս
ʵǸüŻ͵Ϯǵļһأ
ǧ޳һЩµĵħԭΪħѪħʵ൱ֱڲףԭǸһġ
ô£޳ԣ˼æ׷ʡ
ǧ޳̾Ѫħû꣬ΪѾ壬뿪Ǹħ
Ȼˣ޳һֱδţҪʣȻǰѪħͣ£ǧ޳Ҳæͣ¡
ô£Ҫ뿪𣿡еʵ
Ѫħδǣֻ³һźɫԴ֮һռѷ죬ȴųȥ
֮󣬴ǿռѷ֮кȻӿԴޣŵúһЩЩԴ޵ͲȴǰɼģǿԶԸ
ʱѪħȻŭһһŤ֮󣬻ȭͷСѪƣǵصĳЩԴ˹ȥ
˫ܿײһ𣬻֮ĳһ㣬Ļɱ¾һʱ֮䣬Ť֮γ
׺һ֣ߵϳһģ˺ǵĻ˿עС
ã޳߶˿עǷ֮У˼״ԥƬ̣Ҳհ죬ʱʴ֮ʣѾû
ʮ˵Ļ˿ע֮Ƿ˸߲ʹâſԴ޺Ѫƻսֹȥ
һ̣Կռѷ촫һʹĺ֮ѪƾһԴǣȻͷһѷؿռѷ졣
˴ʱ볤һѪħ׺֣ǻǿУҲܻˡ
ѪưеԴ޶ռѷ֮ЩѪƲٶȾۺϳѪħģصǰ


1708 
ѪħЩĵħԪˣû޷ɱҪṩһЩ
ԣ¶ɫ޳״ߵǧ޳棬߳üشҪṩе
޳һĿѪħȴţ׺ҲȥǿĽ͵һˣɱħ֮ұ꣬Ҫǽ׻
ѪħǸŭԵģʱ޳׺˿ʼĵȻħˣǺɱˣαû
ѪħԣĿˣտڲԣʱ׺ֵˣȻǶṩǾЩûкȥҪɡ
ˣǧ޳Ȼܹٸм׺ݲбҶ߹
ȻʶԼѪħҲ˵ȥӣηĶ㵽޳棬ϧ;޴ô㶼޼¡
Ѫħ̾ãǿȥ׼Ҫչһʱ䣬Ȼҡ
Ѫħһռѷ˽ȥѷܿʧ·˸Žȥ֪Ĳ֮
ʱѪĿռѾӰ쵽Ͽռ䣬ܵŤ֮ʼǧ޳˵ƿռ츳ȴ޷ڽϵĴ򿪿ռѷ졣
׺Ѿɾ磬һսͱԴ̫֮࣬ҲԸٺķֻһ·ܵϵıԵǧ޳ͨ
صԪ޳⼸ʮټʼ׼顣
һ̸޳ɳĮ֮һдССİٶ򣬶ҶʵΪǿȴ˴˶ԿЩʵѾﵽɾСȴϾ˼
ЩӵаС򣬴λɳĮ֮۵ĵشͬʱֵ֮ΪҲΪǿ
мƽҲӶеԴ޳Ƕ֡
޳˻ȥ׼֣׺ָĲˣͿʼʽЩ
뿪֮Űɽֿһ޳ϴɢĺܿ죬ڳ˶ǸİǳأطѾˡ
޳ԣҲ磬ѪħˣħǾԲܺˣ׺εʵɺ취Ը𣿡
׺üͷŵרſߵļŻûϣġ
мɰգ޳æʵ
׺Цһ̾ŻҪͼһûȫֻƾһЩģƲ⣬ǼΪѵġ
̫ˣ޳ԣȻϲغлͼ
˵ţæеǸͼ׺߽֮ҲǾ治ѣ޳ɻʵͼǵֻصĴУʲôطĵģ
޳뵽գ˵Ҫʦ󣬱һУͼ˵˳
죬׺̾ϢһԭҵǰӦúЩϸ𣬼ȻѾʧǾһʹɣ
޳״ʲôվסԼµ׺ǰҲߵˣĵˣ򲻻Щ
գ˵ӦǺʮǰǳغƽЩϵΪߺڣѡԼ
ţ޳Ҳû˼׷ֻ̾˻ͼҪòߵļŻ
׺һ˼죬¡
޳һҧŰɽǣʱһ£ޱҪ赲ڶ⣬ˣʧ
ǰɽԵͷŵϴģƴҲ񡣡˵ţ㼱Ҵҵ뿪
ļʱ䣬׺һֱչͼ֮󣬼ʹСҲδѶ˵׼˴ϣԾЩ
Դˣ޳ֻʱסǣҰ׺ͼ˵Щ֪˿ߵİ취ȻżҲʱ
˵죬׺ڳأ޳ڴĿ⣬һЦѾ㶨ˣȥ԰ɡ
󣬶⣬ʱѾɢԴڿ֧ۼա
ϴЩ˶ǸոոȾߵģ޷Ⱦʱܹ͵
޳ͷ׺һ֣һεļŻЩ˵ͷ˲Ϣ֮䣬͵ǺȻһ󾪺
׺˫Ŀŷ⣬һ޳㿴һĻ޴ͷֱһɢ
̫ˣ޳˷ܵսȭͷ׺ϲ֣ڳɹˡ
׺Ҳ¶һ˿΢Цü㽻ҵĻͼ൱ԭʼİ汾Ҳǵڴˣ֮ھŻ
̾ϧͻħսҲˣƾԼܻˣڻҪѪħİæ
ð죬ֻҪ֪лͼѪħԹԳ޳Ц
׺ҡҡͷ̾ͼ¹ش󣬲ֻܸҪŻ㹻ˡ
޳ҲǣѪħԼͬˣѱĻħ֮ʲôģûжģӻͼǿĻԼҲһǱڵв
£޳ǧ޳棬򿪿ռѷ죬ȥѪħѡ
ԣһȥ
޳Цô㵽ڻ𣿡
ǧ޳æϣȻȻǣ˭֪ɾָĽãȥ
˵ţǧ޳𶯣ܿͻһռѷ죬ͷһ޳¶˽ȥ
Ƭ֮һѪ֮ӿռѷ촫ǧ޳Ѫħ
׼𣿡ѪħĿԪһУоʲôطԾҲûֻʵ
޳ҡͷЦûһĻᡣ
ѪħԼʧȻûãΪҪң
׺ȻһѪħŵƣ
ܶɣ׺һᣬͳһС
ѪħɻĽӹһ֮£ʱһǣ֮
׺ĵ㾡ٰҰ߳׸
Ѫħɫĵͷʶ˻ı֮Ҳֻԭվ˼֮С
ʱѪħۣϲĵȻȻ꣬Щޡ
ȻɻĿ׺ԣȻǿҪڶʱֲεĻҲܡ
׺Цһεĵ㣬ðɣ
һ֣ѪħһżȻõİ벿ͼȫΪġ
ͼѪħ˷ܵļ˫Ŀ˼죬Ȼٶۣ׺ǴӺδõģ
׺ȻһЦôҪ𣿡
Ѫħ̾Ȼͼʮֲȱô벿


1709 ߽
׺ԣȻûеģδûС
ѪħɻĿ׺Ҫ׷ʲô޳ȻѪħҪԼݣ
Ѫħ˫ĿһƵĶ޳ջûзѾˣ޳пԿģҲ
ץʱŻȰ߽ٺԸħ׺ʱų
ϣǲҪʧԣѪħĿ˶һۣŻƿռʧ
Ѫħߺ޳ŵǵĵѻħȥѪħҲᰲȡ
׺̾ȥɣֻҪӴߣסԪԺ飬Ժ˵
ϴ󣬻ŮȾߡڴʱǰɽҴҵĸϹ˵
ʲô޳һæʵûɳĮ֮𣿡
ǰɽ̾Ų񣬼棬ڲС
ȥ޳ֱǰɽѻŮ˽ӽתһ룬ȻȥԪ½Ρ
׺ǰɽ뿪ɳĮۣ֮ʱס򣬷ܵŤ֮ѾΪ񱩣Ǳĵ档
еļۼһСķΧڣһƱǽƵѾӽݽߣ᧿Σ
޳ɹȥֺΰִ֣ŮѾ֮Уε̾Ϣһ׺
׺һ֣ųŻ˲Ϣ֮ǿɨ֮˶ʱԼָ
Ůѹ޳ˣǾң
޳ͷЦǣ˿ߵļŻԪ½Ť֮㻹ɳĮ֮۰ɡ
Ůԣ¶ʹɫֵĵУҲܷղܡ
޳ΣֿΰҲΪѵĵЩͨǿ޷ͨɳĮ֮۵Ľơ
һ㣬޳ȻȻΪɳĮ֮۵ĽԴҲ޿κΣҪ볹ײٿɳĮۣ֮š
ɾʲôط޳ȻųԼʶɾɳĮ֮Ӧʱͨɡ
ãȴûܵκλ޳ʵ̾Ϣһ˿ŮˣпĵҷǳǵΪȻŲգҲǿʲô
˵ţǰɽǣȥѼһЩʯṩ
ǰɽͷֵϴȥܲǰ취
޳Ҳǿ̾һ뵽ԪȻһҧУҲ׷ôɳĮ֮۵ͨ򿪡
˵ţԻŮЦģھȥ취
޳ַ򣬷Ѿ󳹵֣Ť֮γɵĿռѷƻ˿ռ䣬ɽӴĲӡ
ļʮҲǾľһл޳ߣǵάֿռ磬ʱ䡣
ɾ˴޳ٻȴþûܵκλ֮ȴܵѪħĴ˵ѾŻԿʼߡ
֮£޳ֻ뿪˵أ֮ʱ˴ʯȹ̽硣
صɳĮۣ֮޳ѪħѾָһɺѪҺɵľ޴̬
׺֮󣬺Ȼ³һѪƣѪڿвϵķһͼ
׺ĶǸͼųѾŻ
޳ԣоϲмӣæǻʲôȥ߰ɡ
׺ͷѪħǾʹԴʼɡ
ѪħûзԣֻǲҪ죬޷ά̫õʱ䡣˵֮䣬ѪɵļŻѾʼ΢𶯡
׺Ҳن£ֱӼŻѪħѪںΪһ壬γһεѸӿ
һ֮Ԫĥ˺Ȼ֣Լָֻɣǵͷ׷׳һģһĻޡ
Դˣǰɽ͞˽͹Ҳûгɧңֻǲϵĸм޳׺ľ֮
ȷԪе߳ױ֮׺ŶѪħѾӵɳĮ֮۴ССٸҪȥǻߡ
ǸĹ£ѪħԵ÷ǳĿһ޳ε̾ðɣҪӦң֮һҪȥѼ㹻Ļ
޳ѾѪħģ֪ıƣ޷շģԣħ֮ҲҪݣӴ˾ͰֵһСɡ
ѪħԣûκʧǳˬĵкѣҴӦ
׺Ѫħһ֣ͬµʱ䣬Űѱ鲼ɳĮ֮۵߳׻⡣
ȻЩǴ޳ģһŭ֮£Ҳַֻͨʽ£һЩġ
ɳĮ֮еŷǿΪ𣬵Ǽʶ׺ʵֶ֮󣬷׷ױʾЧ޳ûʲôġ
֮߳ѪħҲٶСȲĶ޳ڸȥѰ˰ɡ
ðɣ޳̾Ϣһ׺ѪħߵĹУλ޵٣ЩȻǻħɳġ
˿̻ħѾ㵽һδ֪Ŀռ֮У޳ϣɳĮ֮ʱһǿǱΣգֻʱ£Ѫħ
ټҴĸҪ׼ʽʼЩصС
֮ǰʮ޳ģߵĽǺȻ֮ʧȥ飬ʼϣֻڼ֡
״޳ЩŭǱˣ׺ѪħļŻڵҪ
ˣһΪϵվε߲̾ŸոսǸʵʵò̫սʿ
ǰҲ׷׷ϣһü˵ԼĿԡ
ˣѪħͷŭһֿ˾ѹ֮£°
ЩһѪħŭɨˣҪΪˣûа취ϳǺܵġ
һŹȻãԥƬվεĵͷӦͳṩ򣬶ʮսʿ
ЩսʿԴɳĮ֮ۻǱȽϳģԪ½һ˵
Ȼ޳ǲܵģҪ֪Ҫֵаɾ磬׺ѪħܹѹЩ֮⣬˲ڻҶѡ
Դˣ޳ֺͶְ죬ȷһȴӼİ֣׺ѪħԸԴûȥѹλ
ƻָ޳·𿴵ΪԼľʹЩ˵ǴɳĮ֮۲ҲԼĸǵġ
ǣҪħֻܿ취£Ѫħ޳Ҳ޿κΣһ׼׵֮󣬱´˽
һĿǺԪڵ嫺ɳ鲼һɻɳϳɵΪɳޡ


1710 嫺ɳħ
ɳ޵岢ûжôǿֻҪһЩԴܻ֮飬ǵĻָǿֻҪΧлɳڣָܺܿ
ͷʹģȴЩɳ޵ѾΪһ壬ɱһɱȫ޼£ҵ嫺ɳĮܴӱԴɱһ塣
ɳħ⣬ɳ޵϶ɵһ壬λһֻĸ޵ڣѪħҪΪͻħĶԿ޹
˴νļƻɶ嫺ϤޱȵѪħ߻ǴԴѾۼ嫺򶫲ɳɱһգһЩɳ޵꣬һ䲼ÿռ󷨡
Ѫħ˼Ҫÿռ󷨸ı嫺Ŀռṹʱޱ޼ʵĻɳɳʧȥָ
տļƻеķǳ˳ſռӣ嫺򶼻ΪһƬƽԭΪ˱ٴɳ޳˱Դ֡
ǣռõһʱ򣬸տʼľʧɳѾӦپԭֻ̬ںϳһ壬ʵƽԴ
һսҲûгһߵɱɳѾû˿ṩսʿһζԴӶ࣬Ҫϰˣܻɱһֻɳޡ
һʱ֮䣬սҲ޷ƽ׺һֻǱ׼ɳħһٽɱ
ھƾ֮󣬹ȻЩĿ޳սѾ֧صԪʧ
޳ԣȻɫԪվȥǳսˣ뵽ûԪ֧ţԪ½ٱ飬û˼ȥ
һнǰɽ֮޳ҴһصԪ򣬷ֻŮ˻棬ʱҲ޷˼ĸ飬ֻǿаѻŮɳĮ֮ۡ
ֶԺΰغý磬ȥ취ҵɾ֮ûлɳĮۣ֮Ҫװ
ΰԣ鸴ӵĿ޳ջ̾ðɣǸµʱһµġ
ĺΰļ޳ȥ򣬶ЩصԴ´ͬԪ½Ҫױ飬ԲϣЩ־ʹ
޳͹һͬǰ֮ͨصĿռѷ죬Ԫ½κɾԷûκλӦʱѾȷţԷǽ˷֮ء
޳ִ˴Ѿռ֮УĴŤ֮Ŀ񱩳̶ȣ˽ϡ
ҿͷ֮ӦѰһռѷ֮
ô£ʩչͼƿռ䣬ȴʧˣ޳üʵ
ϢǷ˿ռ䡣˼죬Ȼ˵
⣡޳з࣬սѾʼܼʱ룬һɾ˸ɵɳĮ֮۵ͨҲ޷򿪡
ĿŹʵбİ취ǰ֮𣿡
죬ŵǰֻҪȾ㹻Ϣͻᱻ췣֮أڽϣԪ½Ϣ취Ѿвͨˡ
ֵĿռ֮ͨ⣬ڼ֮صĿຣ·һͨǰ֮ء
ǻʲôȥ޳غ
̾ϢһԶ֮أʵֲĺޣһڣѾɹǣ򽫴粽С
޳һ㶣ʵûɹ𣿡
εĿһۣ̾ǿԣˡֽ͵ǿȣһУͻ飬ҲΣա
޳һҧ̾ڹܲôˣֻҪ֮ܽأðΡ
ðɣȻһЦ޳벻ӵлū
ū޳һ㶣֪Ϊ˵Ҫ֪֮ǰǶİƳɻūΪԹ޵ġ
ЦҪңҲΪԼ
͵ʵһƳɻūƽĻ޷
޳ͷʾףȴɻ󣺡ĲѾΪλ˽黳
ЦһҵڽվԳһѪֻҪǵѪ֮ڣͻԴԴϵĳȡҵĻ޷ıġ
ԭˣ޳뵽֮صףֵѵջ
ͷ̾ΪˣҪҵĻѡҵĻ
Ϊʲô޳̾
𣿡Ц׵ΪΣҲҶ˵ˣǻüֵɱңһˣҪĻ֮ʱ¾ҵ֮ա
޳ͷʾ׹˼ЦѵҾͲ𣿡
ȻһЦҷǳȷţԲᡣ
ðɣ޳ȻĵͷԼȷĺˣˣҲᾡ취ָ
Ȼˣ޳ҲûپֱܾʵҸ
һЦ廯Ƭںϳһɫĺģһ޵Ĺɢ͵ĺɫâ
ҵͶӰһ˿֮
޳ͷųһ˿ڣעŹ֮У֮䣬еһ𣬷·ʲô
ţ㷢һȫͬĻŻ˿עԼ֮УɻԼΪ⣬·ĳַپһе
ٴα仯Ϊԭӣ޳ЦˣʽѾӴ֮ҾĻūˡ
޳ԳеĪ֮УʵЩΪҴδ
ЦҵֻһֻļԸйأǧǧȻϵá
޳ͷ̾⻹ҵһθ֪Ĵڣ֪ͽָ
ԣ΢΢̾Ϣ˵ܹӵֻѾǼΪ츳ˣѵһӦ֮ˣӵֻֻҪʱգؽ򡣡
޳ЦһԼһֻؽٶҪԣ翵δںηµԼֻһֻضҪˡ
󣬹ͨǵ˿ѹڻūһЩϢ޳֮޳⡣
ԭū˿Ըṩ֮⣬ܹЧͬĻ걦ڹؼʱ̸ṩߵ
ʱٶȷֽ⣬ڿ۳һ׵սף޳ЦսƵģΪˡ
˵սױ㳯޳ɹûеֿսһƬƬϣֻо֮ŻԾҲȻǿ˲١
֮⣬ȸ׻ͬƳɻ걦ֱǷǹȻܺͻÿ޳Ӧս׵ʱ򣬹Ľ͵
νǹһѳԴ֮Ļ걦ֱӷ꣬û˿߶Ϊֲƻ깥Ļ걦ֻҪܹԴԴϵṩ;Բ飬һѹá


1711 ຣ
ڻÿֱӴ򿪿ռѷ죬ӽϵĴڣɵĳڲͬСʹǧ硣
޳ʵô˵ǻÿӦİɣϾͨ뿪Ԫ½ˡ
̾ϢһˣȻϣܹÿصǧ磬ϧʱѾ̫Ԫ½ܹҪôʵ̫ҪôѾȾϢ޷뿪
޳Ȼʣǰ׻ʲôط
һ£ŽŵĵҪʲôȥǧɣ
޳ЦһķʤԪ½飬ǶɳĮ֮ܲǳõİ취취Ӧǧа
һҵû뵽̾ϢһҲãұ㣬Դʮǰ֮Һȸͱ״֮أΪӦĻū׻ʧˣЩһֱѰңŷѾС֮С
޳˼뵽ڲľĺ׼ķɻʱ˵ԼǴģ׻ӵдԽϵͷɻͬһˡ
뵽޳ȲҪȥҵԵɻʱУܹȷʵݾǰ׻ĻôԼͿûÿֱӴɳĮ֮ۺͨЩ޹İսȥˡ
ϧԵʵ׺ҪֲѾֻؽ٣˿ֲ֪ʲôط޳ҲֻϣԷҪѾ뿪Ԫ½Լлҵ
ս֮ѾŤ֮ĴڣܲϵĴԴ֮
ЩԴ֮󲿷άս׵ķͶע޳ľ֮С
ЩĹӦ޳ȻϲĪڸ·ʱ򲻵ûκģڲϵʵ
߹֮޳һ·֮Ѿ峹׸죬߶һµţ˳ԴĶεĻ
пĶԹǻ걦ֻ˲һͼҪͻΪˡ
ȴп̾ʵһҲû뵽ΪѪ֮ļΪƣӦ֮ˣԲų׼ս׵Ǳɡ
Ŷ޳ɻʵѵûֹЧ𣿡
ЦһҵʱѾɾ磬ȫҪҵıԴ֮Ȼ޷Ƚϡ
޳һЦ֪Լʵ̫СԼӵнվԳѪеĻҲ˿
սٶȼ죬գܴ֮أȰ֮޳Ѿ֮أѾûκ½أĿȫޱ޼ʵĺˮ
ȻЩˮͨҪǰܴﵽຣκǿȣҪԶԶĳԪ½
·̣޳еһɾ޴ֹԼǰУսҲǹѹƣٶȶȻ
Ҫຣˡ˵սױ۳һɫܣܡ
޳ʵຣֱӹ𣿡
̾õģ
޳һ˼ຣȷ֮ػҪֲѵʲôɼĴħͷɣ
ҪӦȻ֮ͣ޳岻ļѹһţЩֱӱ顣
æ߶ָͬʱغô£
סԼ꣬ɻ޳ˡ˵ٶȴ߶սĻܼǿ˼֡
޳ɻ֮䣬Ȼ֮оԼ·ʲôտʼûʶֻΪΪԼ̫ŲĻþ
ǣĸоԽԽڷ쳣֮æ̽˿ȴֲ֪ʱԼѾΧһ㵭ɫ͸
ΪС·һͻɢʵҲȷˣ޳û˿һɨ㵭ɫ㻯һɢ
ǣе𾪵Ÿոտʼǲɢ֮󣬹ûã޳ٶȱɫΧҪ֮ǰԵúһЩҲɢ
Σ޳֪Լδ֪Ĺæ߹һ㶣æѻ˿ջȥҪȾ
޳ԣ뵽Ѫ깥ʱħõľǼŻжʶϵû˿˶ϡ
뵽亹ֱҲ˲ȥΧǲ㵭ɫֻǰѻ˿ջ֮УȻ꣬κϢ롣
䣡֮Ժ֮ºȻһ죬ǳ죬涼
ţһŵɫƿ棬嵽Уʱ޳޷ʹû˿ֻô߶֮ܡ
һűըܶʱһ㵭ɫ̼죬޳ӦѾһ˿
£һãƲԼܵʲôӰ죬ȻоƮһ㣬һǰδеĿ֮С
Ҹĸо޳þ޷԰Σģ꿪ʼ뿪뵽⡣
걻ɫΧʱ򣬹Ȼ͵شһ
޳һþŭƣٴιעʵ磬ķԼѾ뿪һ⣬
ʱ޳Ѿһ㵭ɫΧ֮ǰЩںϣʵ
ʵ޳Ҳʧȥ˺ϵκʧȥ˴һľ
գôŬ۾ĿһƬڣ޳׻ˣŻ˵֮ʣԹҡ
ŭһս׵˫۷ȥϵ³ɫ棬Щɫһʱɢ
޳ĵɫ֮һͷ޳֮УΧ겻Ϸ裬ʱ³ϢЩɫĹ
ģ޳ٶȻָϵҰ֮УԼѾĸ߿֮ϣ·һ㼫Ϊɫƺ;޴ķħС
ǣô£޳λԴЩãʵ
̾ϢһѣղŴɻ޵ĵ̣ղŲ㱻ꡣ
ʲô޳һѹͷ˿ޱߵĿຣأѾӳ𣿡
ĵҿ⣬ܹ֧㹻ʱ䣬ҲЩ
޳һ㶣ȻӦ֮ãͬʱҲпѣΪӦ֮壬ԼȻҲҪܰЩ
ʶԼ걡޳ٴ⣬ùѷٶȼЩӴķħޣҪȥǣֻҪܹ˳ĵ֮ͨصĿռͨͺˡ
Ȼ鲢û޳ԤչռͨѾ㼸ʱҪغ棬Ȼһֻ̾ƶ˵ķħޡ


1712 ǿվ
ֻħ޴ƴ˵е鲼Ͷ߲ʹâ˸֮ɢһǿϢ
ֻħ޵ܣûκҿ޳ɹߵʱ򣬺ߺȻ³һҫ׹âǡ
СģһֱӲٿսԶԶӿȴ׷ٶԽԽ죬գ֮սס
޳ֻеǾϣѪѣս׵һЩҪ顣
һ֮󣬲δ׷ֻͣԭأϵķת޳һߴ߶ָƣµĵʲôȻ
ֱӳǵĹʱԵñ޳Ҫܣʹ֮󣬲ľĵȻǿޣ
ʲô޳һæʵΪǿޣ
Ƭ̣ŵڴǧǿвһǵƾͿԵֿŤ֮һǣǼΪֲĴڣҼǵõһֻǿ޴Ԫɺܰɱ
ô޳ľԶԶĿȻ̾ڵɫ֮еķħޣĵǸǺã
̾赲ǵıϾ֮·Ѿȥռͨˡ
У޳뵽ĩպƽٵֵܿܿĵܾʹ˷һҪ취ȥ
̾ҲˣǿǾɱǣΪ֮ƣҲֻʱܿ
޳̾ϢһнȴҲ֪ʱµʱֻǿԼųҿ;޴ӦòԶܻȥвʳɣʱٳûȥɡ
̾Ҳֻˡ
޳һŨУĶֻǿվޣϣ뿪˵ء
˼ʱǿվ֮ɢſ죬Ѹղ³ȥֵͷź³
䣡εٶȱ֮ǰҪѸݣγһ⣬ݺݵں֮ϣɲΡ
ӿĲξþû£γһУϵİһЩͽСĺֱӳǿվ޵ĿС
һĻ޳ЦһԼȵپãҲûлˣһĽʳ򵥴ֱͲŲ塣
죬ȻһҸӦǿ֮̾Уһ걦Ϊػ걦Ų뿪
ʲô޳һæų˿̽һȴǿ޵Ϣ赲ֻԼĸе߲ʵ
ʲô޳֮£ֻöԹʵ
߳Ƭ̣ŲȷŵĵǺͿռ䷨йصģǿֻǿ֮вԪ½ܹںģҲֻǿռ걦ˡ
̫ˣ޳˫Ŀų⣬ܵõǼ걦ǾֱӴɳĮ֮۵ͨ
ȴ̾ôףǿ޿Բٿǳ֮ǱȱԴ֮ӰԵ;ƻһڵΪ޷Ӳġ
޳ʵĵΪǿ󣬻ǲô
Ŷôɻѯʵ
޳һЦָָͨǿ޵У㷢ûУʳʱûѡԵģЩУһЩʯͷֲҲ⡣
ԭˣ󣬹žһЩŵĵѵǿСлᱻѹꣿ
޳Цӳʲô⣬֮ΨһĻˡ
˵ţ޳ԼϢ뺣ˮ֮Уε޴е·ܿ㱻ȥ
ʳǿ޲δע⵽ʳ֮жһ壬ֻ޳УԼߡ
ǿ߲ǲͬ⺣ˮеȻٶȴ˺ܶ࣬ǿ޵ĽʳҲҪһĹ̡
ЩвģÿһأͻһλЩͽϴĺֱӱһɾ޴˺ѿʱͣڰС
С͵ĺᱻһ֮У޳һȺߵĺȺУǸС
һУеܲһɼΪܵĹŹЩòɱޣ෴ȴǲϵǵ壬ڶʳмӹһ
ʱҪЩǳ֮ʡ
޳в죬ʵѵǿ޲ϲûӪĶһҪӵϣ
Цҵû˵Ͼǿ֮УΪϡ٣޷ѡʲôģϰ߻ǱԪ½֮ɵġ
£޳Щǳ֮ԼԼľʼؿҲһǿ
ջ޳־ϲʱȥ˵Լһ·ͻƵԴ
ǣǿȻûôģǳ֮ѭ˼֮ЩСͺ޵Ǳܱ׼еѾܲµṹ
ʱǳֿ֮ʼƶЩСͺޣǿ޷ɹȥ޳ﵽк֮ʱ򣬺Ȼ͵ط֮УϢ
ĶΪ΢Сģǿ޲δ⣬Ƚ֮޳ֵʵҵ걦𣿡
ŵֱͣ޳зǿ޵·һռͨ
ʲô޳һæʵ֮ͨصͨɣ
ǣҶԷ֮صϢϤԲ֮ͨأңпͨһġ
£޳򶨣ĵѵͨǸͨǿ뿪Ԫ½
̾ɣֱͨǧĿԲпܵģһСѡ
޳Ŀǿޣʳһ˲䣬Ȼһɵµ֮С
ģ޳˿ռͨķϢʮֻңǿ޵ѹƿռͨ⼸ԿƺҪͨ򿪡
еһɣڸӦ޳֮󣬺ȻӻսгһͷУȴԵģ
㣡ֻؽٴԼˣ޳ٸнΪγ
Ե޳һָָۣϵսףȻЦⲻĵսѾշ𣿡
ʱȻڵԵ㵱壬ڹؼʱܣϽôԪ½һ˿ŭͼ
޳ԣȴǸӺͿԵȴΪ⣬̬糣ĵ޲һĲôڻôѹ
û˵ֻǳĬԶԣ޳ȴ޿κΣǰ֮ӣֳɵõԵУ˵ҲǻãͶԵûκڴ
֮Ե̾ϢһˣھͱЩˣ޳
޳ǰֻҵһУռͨһС磬Ѿơ


1713 ռ걦
޳ͷʵʲôط
Ե̾ѾصϿռ䣬Ｔ飬عǧ磬ʱϢ֣ɲǺģ֮Ǿɡ
޳ɻĿʣΪλҪһ
ԵʱȻһЦȻΪάͨĻ걦Ѿмͬʱע⵽սʱ˭Ҳ޷õ
걦޳Ǵռͨİ˲ʱŤ֮͸δκλ걦Ӱӡ
ˣ걦ѾǰֻǿƢƺǺܺã˭ܹ׽걦ǲύġ
޳ɻĿԵֵʵѵǿƿĶ𣿡
ԵЦһϾС磬ڵƵģһǸƣҵĴоͻᱻ֮顣
ԭˣ޳ֿʵ˭
ԵЦһĹǿ޵ıڴ˵أǿҺһΣ⻹һոոյıڸϹ
˵ţԵ޳һ֣ųһӡǣһû԰ϢǿڡǸ֮ҺԸʱǿҲĿܣʱǻսһš㵽ʱûǿڣȡǼ걦
޳ӹǵӡǣṹԼܿһЩͼӰӣͷãǵǿ󣬵ȻᲨҰɣ
ԵһЦ㲻ֻؽ𣿿ֿ깥ʱˡ
޳ԣЦһֻؽڲС
ʲôԵڱɫЩĿ޳̾ˡٶȻ֣ųһӡǣ԰ʱܣֵ깥
޳ӹӡǣһ֮£ʱϲĪоȻɻŹɣṹ֮ӣ׺ļŻҪǿ
Сİӡպã޳ֿ˿ϵսףֵܰ깥𣿡
Եε̾Ϣһַųһעս֮УŵˣСӣΪ٣ȻصһҪúֻؽ٣Ҫʧ
޳һЦȻ
Ե̧ͷԶ˫Ŀһˣɡ
£޳æ߶ӡǣܣԼ͹УԶԶĶ㿪
֮ǿ޺ͺкȻжϣѾĺʬ뺣УǿķҲ׷һǳ֮
ߣһΪԶһīɫ⻮Ƴգǿǰ
ǿ޼ˣһŭſ³߲ǣ˹ȥ
޳ԶעһУķԵ˵Ȼһ壬һһӵһϮ£ü֮Ԫм֮
޳Թͷڰӵǰ·ʧȥԣȻٶɼ죬׷϶ԷӰͽ͵ڿз裬ȴİӰӶû
գǿйջǣηĿŰӣ޴Ҳʼķγһܡ
СЦһ̧֣һѱһӣһ̺ľ磬ǿ޵Ļ֮ϣһѷ졣
ǿ޲ŭţķĲ˸ְܿǵѷֲӼ״¶˼ɫ
֮Ȼб׳Ҳһ׹⣬뱦֮УǱʱֳʮ֧Űޱȵѹңңָǿ޵ͷ
ǿ޷·Ҳʶһе岻ŤţһС¶·Ŀռͨ
Ȼ֮䣬ʮѱҪ̴ǿ޵Ļܣӿռѷ츽߲ʹâ˲Ϣ֮Ϯǿޡ
ǰлǿڳ׻ң弱𶯣ķ׷䣬⣬γһܲ͸Ļ󷨡
ʱâȴȻת򣬺ݺݵĳ򱦽Σʱеɱ飬ʣµֻʺˣռһŤ֮ٴԳӰ
ʱӵѾֲ˿īɫѪҺϴŭֹܿס˿ڡ
УҲռ걦âͣڰǰһ߳ԵЦ˵
һһϮ߲ս׵ޱ飬гǹӵͷ
ȿȣӲ˲ߵѪĿŶˣȻЦԭʹͨú͵Ϯң
ԵһЦĵ˭˯̫ã֪ı仯ɡ
ԣ߲ս׵ɫһ䣺ѵѾʶ
ʱǰ̤ԵЩӲĵⱣٲһЩת䣬ᱻͷ
ã˫Ŀһ䣬бȻղű֮ǵĵΪƾһУͿԺһս𣿡
˵ţбȻһīɫ죬Ѹٵĸı壬Ƭ֮䣬˾ɰױ̣һģ
ǼʶԶһɡʱѾò϶أ޳Զȥͺֺڽһ㡣
Գһ˻δ䣬Ȼ̽ѸݵˮУʱÿຣӿ˿ȸղǿ޽ʳĳС
󣬾޳ĿУЩ̽ˮе𽥱߲ɫһעı塣
ԵʱڶݣɫѾֻ
˿ЦӳһɫڿУֱӰѿռ飬Ť֮ӿ֮ܿϣγһصı
ٿͬʱ𹥻֪ܷܣЦһǵɫ˦˳ȥ
ԵЩȣʱļԣǺЦˡ
һ㵽
εĿһֻۣӶгǹͬռ䣬ٿŤ֮γɲϣԼ
˼״æɽɫջأĿܵϣʵʲô
ûֻǲϵĻӶгǹܱߵŤ֮ҲԽԽ࣬ѾĿռ³ΣеȴһֺذѹȸС
Ϣ˫Ŀų⣬˵
Ȼʱȴһ㣬˿˵ʣֻǲϵĸıԼĿռṹ
ڰͲסִˮгԴŲͬѹݺݵĳϮȥ
߲ռ䣬޳󣬲δγκһ춼δߵͺʯһ㣬û˶
˴ʱææջأȴ߲æѾѣŭһƬƬ룬һīɫҶ


1714 Ե
Щ̽ˮеæҲʼջأÿһβһЩնصΧЩҶϷ裬ĲһɼΪԣ֮
ǣ޳ʱѾ̲סһ£ϸЩ֮еȻ˿ֲĳЩҪܼ
˴һҶ׷׷ɽȥÿһƬҶɳٶȺͷвͬγһַԲĴ
ԶһЩʱ޳֮УȻԵ
ҪѯʣȻһƬҶѾصĳԼǰЯһɹƺԴ͸Լꡣ
£޳˿ûκԥֱӴ߶߶սף˶ȥ
ʱԼƬռ֮Уû˵󷨣Ҳû˿ȴֻǲϵļӹ̷
ԵڿȥεԼĶͷι㵽ваǴʲôã
ԣȻһͣж̧ͷѾҶлѣҸղźʲôԻꡣ
ԵһЦÿɷĳõĿռ֮Уͷһӣ˫ĿԳһ˿ɫɻĿԵȻ̾л
Σ֮ڶһ˿ɫʣôԵȴЦСһ׮Ǿƽɡ
ͷгǹĿռҲ֮ɢɵΧЩҶÿһöҶһ֣ƺҪ൱
Ļͬ˷ɢȥҶٶȼ죬ƺ޹ɣȴַԲռ䣬˿û©֮
ЩҶȫλ֮˵ҲĿ𣺡һѣҲԪ½Ұھ㳢
δ䣬Ҷ𶯣ܿռ׷˺ѣʱڰ֮УЩŤ֮ҲҶ֮Уܿ컯͵ıԴ֮۳ǿϻ
޳ٶѾ죬ȴɱУʱʮڲϵĵǶȣ·ѰĿꡣ
޳æ߶ûĿʱģ˵꣬Ҫƭǿޣȡ߻걦ġ
Ǵ˿̣ʱܱ֮£ֻðԼαװɺһģһЩʼҡ·һʧȥĿꡣ
﷢һУ˵ƺ΢δ⣬ֻǰѰΧס޳ܣεס
ڣҲ޷ӶǹܵҶѾȫŶŤ֮ĿȨ
Ե̾Ϣһʼְɣ
ͷ쳪һڵĿռȻʮռѷ죬ʱ콫ӿ
޳״֪Щ콫ǴӱԴռ乹ģ뵽ɾԷ˿Ǹռ䣬ֻԼѾ޷롣
콫ͬǵıͶӽӲȫûֻ꣬һıһ㡣
һ֣Щ콫ͺηĳĿռ䣬Щһһʱ֮䣬Ŀս֮С
һս콫˵Ҳûκθоˣ˫Ľսֻǻı˴˵ѡ
ЩϵĴܵĿռ콫أʧȥѸٻָƣȴʤڶ࣬һ˱׻飬ܿͻиӿռͨзɳս
սĽУսҲڲϵţ޳Żûαװ󵨵ɵɸ߿ա
ۿȥѸٵӣޱ߿ຣĴ󲿷ֿռ䶼Ѿ飬Ť֮ҲԴԴϵս֮УһЯǿƻЩ콫
һ޳ľͬʱҲеޱʹģĽսһбԴռṩһֱӰѿռ飬ΪԼ
ʤ˭Ԫ½ٲ֮أ޳ʶһ֮󣬱¶ģԲ˽ɳĮۣ֮Ԫ½֮أκȥƻ
¶֮޳ҲеϣԼʵɼսǰԴľȻѾԵⳡսʸûޡ
£޳ĿתĶսһһϣܴһЩİء
콫ɱϢܶʼϿΧһЩ콫һֱ֯Σ
Ȼÿ콫ܵĿռ֮ս֮ͻ룬ܿɱһգٶȰѰΧȦС
ôΪ˭Ӯ޳֮ʱкȻԵЩϷʵʵ
޳ɫһЩսлԵ̬ĸִڣ㻹𣿡
ԵһЦּսȥ磬ѽѷ֣ʵվһǶȣ˫ȴٳ
޳һԵĿΪƲ˫ʵʲô˵ʵڵǿȣҲֻܴӾֲ׽һЩսã壬ȴ
ԵһЦڸҲûãЩѧֻ֮ȻȻһĿȻ
޳ԲᣬԵʱ̴ϷԴһУڻӣõĵ㻹ⳡսڵʲô
ԵЦ͸ó֣ǿһֱϲսҲ̫ģˡ
Ŷ޳ԣ򾲾ͣսԵǿޣֺߵĿԼоȻ͸¶һ˿
Ǻǰɱ˰ɡ޳ջĿ⣬̾Ϣһεĵ
ԵЦô񲢲ϣֻǿ
޳ЦһһССԴǰ˵ϻ𣿡
ԵЦԴȻУ㲻Ҫˣµһ˵ţȻţܿս
ս˫ͣ£˵ŵĵϢ㣬µˣ
ȴһЩԹ޵ĿԵһۣٲ֣ҾҪó췣ĵڶˡ
޳ԣһȻ뵽ڷ֮أө콫췣ĵһ׶α٣гԴͻڶ׶Σţ
һת˵ຣͳûҲ˶١
˵췣ڶأӦǼǿ汾ˣ֪ʱĿº
δ䣬ܵȻˣܿۼһţںϱ仯±ľģȻĵͷôˣˣ
ʱԵδ֣䣬۳һĻֹȥ
߼״ҵĲæҪɱңһλᡣ


1715 ֮
ģԵȻЦһǵɳŶԷٷ˹ȥ
֮£˫ĿԳһ˿ŭãȻϷŹңǴҾһɡ
£ƬƬ飬ɫЩܿۼΪһŲȭͷСš
Ե״ͣ·ģαأ
˵ɫΪʹͷߺޣŭҾͲ籩ܿȥ
ʹһŭ𣬽ɫȻʧһĳ֮С
ʱҲջ콫ԼڵĿռ£ۼԵȥȡռ걦ҵʱ䲻ˡ
ԵһЦͷ޳ͽܣ𣿡
޳ͷûûαװǿ޵꣬ٳ˹ȥ
սǿ޺Ӧʲôķķּתγһǿĳֹһӿ롣
޳ߣܵĵЩԥǰʱԵЩĵĥˣǿϲסˡ
޳һæͷȥȴԵԼΧһСĺڵת
ǸڵʲôҲ֪Բʲô飬һҧǿ޵ķķֱӳ˹ȥ
޳ϣǿķȴδ˿˺ôɵĽǿߡ
޴ǿ򷢳ʵŭ𣬵ͷ³һǣ޳ҹȥ
ãѾ֪޳Ӳǿ㹻ٶٿ죬Ҫϵĸı䷽򣬻Ҫǿ޳˴ϢĻᡣ
ܿ죬ʹǿ޾޴һȦɹߣʱоһɼΪǿƺ԰ѿռ̡
ܵӰ죬޳ٶȶȻͣǴʱѾ׷ۿ޷ܣȻһս׵˫壬ĺ⣬һ
󣬱һҵıըսʣĲλ뿪޳壬ֽƬ˲֮ƬƬϣΪһܲ͸ķ֡
ը޳ս׻ķֵסȴޱȣǿڡ
޳ͷͷһǿѾſ죬һŻҰڸתɳ
ǻûбǿ³޳߶ֱӻһ⣬ǿǲһƬڰ֮С
ǣܲ˵źڰͨǰ˲֪ã޳ͣʱŨҵĴ̱ζʱһϯιԡ
޳סҪµĳ嶯Ĩǰһξ룬ýɫ˫ͫһŷԼѾǿ޵θ
֮ΪΪ˴·ѾѻСɽһһ⣬лһЩͽСĺûгɽ֮ʹš
޳űӣѰνĻ걦˰죬ȴһֻǷ⼸ʳ
ЩⱻЦ֮󣬱ữͬԵʳ֮У޳ѡһΪǿģͷ˽ȥ
һʳ޳͸оһǿļѹڲϵƶЩǰУܿ·һڣֳɽСͨ
޳ʱҿ޷оʲôطصϢ֮£ֻѡеһǰС
ͨıڼΪ⻬ɢһɳζѹЩԴ֮һڲϵͼ޳ľ֮С
ǿǿޱȣЩδ֪޳Ҵ⣬ԼľЩֺ
Щ˻᲻ϸ챾Դ֮⣬ڻƶԴ֮ǰƶ޳Ҫ֣ٶȱͲ죬ʱȫջء
ڸеһᣬߵͨľͷһԲεİͨܲ˰ɫĹߡ
ЩߺĴһ㣬ڲͣ䶯ţÿбԴ֮ͨǾͻ֣ץһűԴ֮֮ͨС
޳ľ治ѣ̽һץסԼֱۣʱодһǿεİԼס
֮⣬֮лһЩ޳ܹиܵǿעԼ
ãʶһ֮޳æ߶֮ѲסԼİɫȻʱѾиĹ̽˹
գ޳ķ˵ֿЩÿһ൱һ˿ԼĻ
Ȼˣ޳㲻ִڰѿƣĸֱӷ̬Ѱҡ
жϵ֮޳꿴ԼɫɣֻΪޣ̾ϢһܣǰС
˿ߵ֮ͨ·һƬ޵Ĵڣ޳ĿȥҲûҵκιߡ
ɫ˫ͫҪṹȻһԭ˵صĿռ伫Ϊܣ񱻸߶ȼѹһ㣬Դ֮طҪȹǧ򱶡
£޳Ľɫ˫ֻܹͫǰǳεһξ룬ֳƬռıԴ֮ǳһֻεĻһ𣬲ûκá
ˣ޳Щʧ²Լߴ·ˣǿ޲ܰѻ걦
֮£ͷȥոմ߶˿Ȼһ̾Ϣ˭
ʲôˣ޳ͣܵϢȴûκ
ǺǣҪ£Ȼһ߲ʹâ޳ǰһߴ
ﳤúǿһģһֻûκηģ˽ɫƬ˫ĿţƺǳĴ޳
죬ſ˵ǵԽ
޳ɻĵڵǿʲôϵ𣿡
ԣЦһңҾ
ʲô޳ȴɻ󣬲Ŀ
Ϊ֮뿪ǰ޾ȴ⵽Χս֮ڱܣû֮ҵͱǿޡ¶ɫЩʹĽ͵
ԭˣ޳̾ϢһΪǿܹ޾ԭƵħޡ
ʣΪѰһռ걦֪ʲôط𣿡
ҿ˵˫Ŀٶſ۾̾ɡ
˵ţȻŤΣһӵģɵ޳ǰ
޳ɻĿʱע⵽ֻһѣҿȥȱȫΪʱ顣
·𿴴޳뷨εЦұѾʮ꣬Ѿ;ƿݵĵزѾĻ䡣û뵽ܹ֮һˣҲԵˣ
޳ԣвζݺ㣬㲻𣿡
ͣĶ޳·ҪĿ֮пʲô죬̾ϢһЦУһˡ
޳Ȼһ㶣˼Ŀȷһڶ껥Ӧγɵѡ


1716 α֮
뿪Ƭİռ֮һ·޳Խǿ޵ͨ޳ոճĵطҲǿ޵ľ
ʲô걦ĻӦþͲǿͷα֮СָָϷ˵
޳˳ָķ򿴹ȥϷһİ׹ǣʵαʲô
̾Ҹձס֮ʱܹӳĽװǣջǱˡ
˵ЦһҲǶʱ䣬ƴǧһЩܡ
޳Ȼ֪İأæʵεģ
ֻ̾˵ڴǧ磬Щߵ֮⣬ããѾƿأ̺޾ģʱƳ콫ɼҲǲɼġ
Ȼ޳󾪣û뵽Ѿչֲֿĳ̶ȣŵȻ콫ǵȻǿȴ̫壬޷Ӧ䡣Ϊֲȱ㣬ǰЩ밵סܹϵģǵмԿƳΪɾԸϵģֳ룬һԼģᱻڵĳһ룬ᱻ죬Ϊαꡣ
˵̾α᲻ϵҵĻĳɳջȡң׳ΪĿܡ
޳ԣȻĵаħʲô
ЦһϱûоԵƺͶ˼ķչԼȴҲάִǧƽ⣬ЩͱԴֻ֮ǰʼˡ
Ҳֻ֪أ޳ԣɻĿʵ
ͷֻ̾Ҫǲκģһ㵹ԵЩ߷緶
ʱȻƮɫһ䣬æȥȡ걦ҵʱ䲻ˡ
޳ͷ˷ϣܿǲ׹·޳̽û˿ȥֺܿͱ赲޷롣
ȴ³һŰ͸ǣڰ׹֮ϣӦ飬Դֺ֮һ׹ͨ
ǣ޳ĿŰ׹ͨȥİ֪ͨδ뵽ڲľͨƺΪơ
ѵľҲйǿޣ޳ɲ²
ʱЩ׹ǻıԴ֮գٶȹ߶ǿǣ޳Ű׹ͨȥ
ոշɳȥûжԶϷٶȳһ׹ϣεҪ֮ǰ࣬άҲǿ
Դˣ޳ٶ̽ȴסҵɹǣǴƵġ
˵ţһ֣ųһţû׹֮Уǰ׹ǺȻջһա
Ϣٶǿ˼֣Щɻĵ֣ΪαûҵɹǣѵĿƳ⣿
޳뵽ʲô̾˿Ԫ½һС硣
ʲôһ㶣ȻЦԭˣˡ
ƺȻһ䣬ɢɵǿһ³ʮ˿ǣݺݵҿǰͨ
޳״ľѣ֮ǰµʶҲɼĸ֡
ʮ˿ǴݿİѰ׹ͨм׷׻Դ֮֮С
䶨޳ǰѾһֱͨͨĩһ߲ʵ
ĿǿŹ򣬴߶ʮ˿ǣųһߣݺݵĳҹȥ
䣡һľ֮󣬹Ѿķѣ߲ŬҪںϻȥȴǲϵĻ飬øС
գЩ߲ڳױ飬ŷɵԭڵδ֪һ֣ʮ˿Ƿ׷ױ飬Դ֮עڡ
Ƕ֮ʵʣų߲ʹâŤΣΪһ߲ʹ
֮󣬴߲ʹ֮зɳһŽɫ޳ǰ
𣺡ҪҵĻ걦߰ɡ
޳ԣϲץµʱеμߣϳһĪͼըԵС
̽ķų˿ȴ˲䱻Ӱʱ̾걦֮ƵģڻԦˡ
ʲô޳ԣǾȣֻ֮Ӧ֮˲УΪλɻĿԷ
죬̾ͿӦ֮ˣֻҪֻ򣬾걦ռˡ
޳ЩȻĿ껯߲ʹ򣬳ʵΪʲô֪Щ
һЦѾαգЩǴġ
ԭˣ޳ŷЩεĵǷˣ
ʱȻõͳȻĵαѾ;ƿݣṩҵģһЩѡ
޳ԣɥѹֵĵûбİ취𣿡
ȻЦֻأܶʼ˭ܲ
ĪĻ޳˼ץסʲôȴһʱ֮޷ȫ
Ҷ̫ãЩԵ֣ͳʱ䣬һɡ
ʲô޳һ㶣ҪѯʣȻһɹǿ޵ͨһ֮ǰûĵط
ռ߲ܶʵĹɣԴ֮洿⣬ص޳걻סá
ιҪʲôе㵣Լ
ҪҶס꣡𣬲ɵĵ
޳ĿУ߲ܵʹʼ仯γһͼıԴ֮֮ӿ
űԴ֮ӿٶȼӿ죬ЩͼҲ仯ͼ߷ת۵ĵش۳һʵʵĹ㡣
޳ĿɨЩ㣬ʱоԼһʹջػ˿꣬Ҷ
ʱһȥԽԽıԴ֮ͼ֮УͼĵĹҲԽԽı֮Уһ鼫ΪϸСѪ⣬ڿռ֮С
ܶʼѭ޳ſռеѪⲻϱ۳һӵ
ʱӻûƤ͹޳ȴһԼϤϸĶӵ沿Ȼķ֣ȫԼƵġ
ӵḻ֮ЩͼҲٲѪ⣬תγһƬƬɫĹͻɫƤ
Ҫӵ޳ôĿţ֪˶ãЩƤһ֮еʱѾȵ
һХ޳͵ѹæǰŷʱԼǰѾһ
ȫԼƵģһۺϵ˫Ŀȴǽıš
ʱٶȴѾԵüˣںϡ


1717 
ʲô޳ԼǰһʱĪæֻԴ𣿡
һЦ˵ˣǸսõģҪԼҪ߾С
޳ͷʾףȻоǹʧԼָֻɡ
ɵǰ޳̽İԼںϽȥȴֶ߸޷Ӧģǿռϵںϡ
ʱ̫̾ˣһףһɡ
޳оһϤİӿԼ֮Уʱ䣬ǿ
ǸҲʼӦϵ𶯣ϸ˿ߣÿһĶ˲ڲϵ𵴣·ڵȴɡ
޳ĿЩߣ·ȫİЩȲڱԴֲ֮ڻ·𶼴ĳһ㣬ںԼ
Щǻʱ޳֮͵ͨʹǧ磬Ļ˿ųȥ
޳ʱЩʧæ߶˿ʱ͸е˿Щųǣָ֡
޳ʹֱǿпԵĸоѾΣȴôܡ
ס꣬ҪҶ˵
޳ԣǿаʹѹƣרעĿԼĻ˿ȥЩӦ
ģԽԽĻ˿ںϣ޳ҲʼӦĴڣɻͱԴ֮ںϣγɵһǿʡ
ÿһ˿ںϣ޳ʹһ֣עתƵĸӦҲȥ
գ޳˿ϸС˿ͻںϣѾȫӹĿȨʱžķ֣ԼѾޱǿƺ֮䣬ƿռ䡣
ʱг֮еģѾɾתΪҲʧȥãֻһʱ洢֮Ŀռ䣬ͻԵ΢
ɹˣò϶΢ȴ޷ѹֵ˷ܡ
޳̾һʵҪɢ𣿡
һЦνһĳ˯ѡ
£ʧȥϢ޳Ҫʲôվûпڣʱ˶ĸм֮⣬ʵ˵
Ӧһ֮޳һ֣֮ʵ壬ݺݵ߲ܵʺ档
ʱռȻ飬Ĺ͸޳ȥȴʧ
ǿ޾޴ҲֻʣһտǣͷλѾʧԿպԵʲôط
ã𣺡Ѿˣ
޳ѭȥȴ֮УһƵսףսףæȥӦһϢ΢ƺʱιȥ
ô£޳һΪһʵ
̾Ϣһпĵһǿںһֻս˵廯޿ռ䣬ЩѿຣɣҿԵǿ⴦ռȹ
ʲô޳ԣɻĵ޿ռ䣿Ǿ˵Ľ𣿡
ԥĵҲǸո֮ǰδֹ
޳ͷѹ֣ԶʱڵЩ񣬾㹻Ԫ½ıԴֹ֮θɾҪٳּµ񣬾еͷʹˣɳĮ֮Ҳᱻϡ
ս״ϣ޳ȹϢָһЩʵ֮ͨصĿռͨʲôط
ûҵռ걦𣿡Ƭ̣ʵ
޳뵽ΪԼ鼫Ϊأռ걦Ҫ֮ʹã
ʲôҲѵ֮Ƶģ
޳ͷε̾ԵĴҲ뿪ˣʱԪ½ѾûܹɳĮ֮ͨˣ֮أǱҪһˡ
ðɣ̾ϢһҪСһЩɼսղҲʶˣû㹻ʵ㱻΢Ҳġ
޳ԣһЦûзкβͬ𣿡
ʲôһ㶣ųһʶ޳ȻһѾ찡ôܣ
Լ״ֱ̬ӷųһţ̽޳壬֮󣬲ŻȻ̾ԭˣǿڻֱ𣿡
޳겻ѣ̾Ϣһ˵˳ŵԼʮ꣬Ѿ;ƿݣΪͶԵŸԸԼ
԰ɻĸ޳Ҫţֻ˿˵ҪҲԲܵġ
ģ޳һ뵽ʧ֮ǰ˵ĻδֱӳԼֻ˵˯֮Уѵĳְɣ
޳˼룬ʼ޷⣬ȻѾɢܱ֤أѵ֮ϣһֲεĴʽ
ʱѾɵԭǿ֮̾ϣǴͨĿռͨڻıպϣ͸һǿϢ
ͨʲôطأ޳ͨڣɻʵ
ǺԪ½һС磡죬ӦһԵúǷܡ
޳ε̾ϢһռͨҪպˣӴͨӵҲٺԪ½ʲôϵֺαطĲ²⡣
ЦһֿһǸͨڣҪת뿪ǰ֮ͨصĿռͨȻ֮䣬һԶĺιһ£
Ǵӿռͨдģȥһʮ߰ŮϸζĻᷢΪöƺܹһзա
޳̲סͣҪų˿ȻоһʹʶԼĻ˿ѾͻںϣҪٶʹã
£޳εĿЦһԼַʲô裬αȥעһرյ硣
תҪٶ뿪Ȼǵιһ£û𣿡
Σ޳ĸ겻һֻоԼӦǳϤұ˴˰ĽĻһ
ʸоУ޳һҧת̽һ˿Ҫ
Ȼ֮䣬һϢץסĻ³ȥ޳ɰѣϢ̫ǿĸӦ·һʧȥԶٻ
ʧɲ֮䣬ųĻѾǹϢײ񣬶ҲŻĿʼ뿪塣
޳Ȼ͵شһ
޳ʹһѣ˫Ŀһ˿⣬ٶȿռͨȴԼĻһżΧ
ղŵǹϢ֮УһʵŮӰʱʱ֣˫һȻģԼĻʱͱǿУϵš


1718 ѩŮ
޳ĻǿŹУѲȥŮŭʲô
ңŮָָԼıǼ⣬һЦڻҳȥ
ȥ޳͸ģ۲ܵ磬ܵðɭɭٿ·һƬãã硣
ŵԿˣҪˣŮίǿģ޳ĸԶ
޳һ֪ΪΣȻԷƣȴŮ
ѩ򣡡ŮٶȰǿջػУʮѾѩ򶳽ᣬϢ޷룬ͨϾҪˡ
ʲô޳һæʵ˵Ѿƣ
ŮͷǿĵĵʥģҲͱɱˡ˵ţ˫Ŀ⣬ƺҪ
޳оһʹֻõ͹ɡ
˵ţٶȷų۳һŮ״ɫһ죬Цץ޳ȥ
ԾռͨŮ޳ԣʱ˫ȵĿű˴ˣΪǵͲʵ̫ˡ
ѩ֮У޳оŮֻƯһЩʵǳͨһຣεע⵽ŮĸͷֻԼָСȥС磬ʮֵС
ŮҲƺ޳ԼϰٱеԾɴ˫ĿĹˣȻʧĵﻹѩһǻȥɡ
˵ţŮǿŲģռͨȻʱռͨȻһ𶯣ʱպϣҲûټ
أŮȻĴ޳ģ㣬ΪʲôҪ
ң޳ƲѣʲôԻԼԼôϸȥ
֮£޳ֻõҲزȥˣﰲɡ
ҲŮ̧ͷ޳Ȼ˫Ŀһ⣬һ³һ֮ʱһı˪
޳ܵ˪е˺æ˹ֿȴδκηӦ֮Żһ죬Ѻɻ⡣
֮Ůδ޳嶼ҲûκζᣬԽԽԴ֮𵴣ϮŮ
ףŮһֳɫһˣһҡͷ㲻Ҫˡ
޳̾ϢһŮСŮһɣҲֻǹڣʵ˰ɡ
Ůίĵͷֻ֮鶯תܿŵҲ˰
޳ԣ˵ʹεĵ
Ҹö㵽ʲôطȥŮգգ۾ʵ
޳סŮֱȥɳĮۣ֮ʱԼȴҪȥ֮أѰɾæҪŮ»Ầ
죬εܷ̾ȴһʱ䣬ҪȥһǳҪ飬ˣٻ㣬ʱʹȥһﻨԴס
ۣŮɴ۾ϲĵԭѾҵ˶ռ䣬ʲôط
޳̾˵̫Զ·;ֲ֪֮ʲôΣգ㻹ʵȴɡ
ߣŮԣĶ޳ҪƲҺòã˿ѩĹˮԴ֮Ѿ˵Ρ
˵ţſຣһӣųһ͸ˮˮںе˲䣬Ȼܵĺ涳ᣬ˪ӣܿɢԲﷶΧ
Ŀֳ޳˵ЩŮûֱһйԼ϶ˡ
Ⱥ泹׶֮ŮŶԼָһת޳ȻЦôǵ˭ֵܵҵľ
޳ԶԣŮԴˮԴ֮ƿҪԶԶԼЩ񼶱ԺԪ½ˡ
ε̾ðɣҿˡ
Ůԣ˵˼£ʵԸǸռʲôط˰ɣ
޳Ԫ½ĵͼһ֮УŮ߽֮ϸ˰죬Ÿпĵԭǵô󰡣൱ڼٸѩˡ
޳ЦĿŮǵͣѩֻжôҲ㹻˿˰ɡ
ȷĿ֮Ů޳һ֣ЦлҪȥռһʱ䣬ʵָˣɡˣʲô֣
޳ڵ޳
ҼסˣŮͷֲͷһŵҵأѩԺͽСѩɡ
޳ͷʾԼ֪ˣСѩȥɳĮ֮ˡ
ѩ޳һӺˮٻһ߷ɹȥܿʧ޳Ұ֮С
ȻѩϢʧ֮󣬹ȻڵĻǳԺǧҪСġ
޳һЦǸСŮˣʲôҪĵġ
ҿδأ˸տʼԻ𣿡
޳ԣʱһæԼ꣬ķоȻһɺ֮ɵѩ
ѩ޳óٶ۶Իʶһ֮ɫһ䣬æ߶˿Ƕѩų׻ָ
⣡֮޳ͻѩĶԻȻѾ֪ɳĮ֮۵ڣʵ˿ֲĴ治죬ԪİҪꡣ
˵ţҪ߶׷ŮȴסҪģɳĮ֮׺ǸѩԴʲô˻ġ
޳侲˼ĵڻܻңû뵽һ㡣
̾޷ĻȷȻҡ
޳ٶȰһŷ֮ͨصĿռͨ
չ˵Ǹͨλڿຣ·ҽҪҪǱຣײҪԽܵĵؿǣܵ
޳ԽĺˮʱΪɵģȻвʵǿĺޣȴڼŻɣԸġ
żֻ۵ĺޣ޳ҲӦԣ֮ɻ⣬Ƭ֮ںɳ̲档
ߣʯˮɵĲͬ棬ҪǿдһͨҪ̫ʱ
ҿѾص֮һǿΧþۣ֮ԭ̬ơ
ٿҪͨ޳Դ˻ϤΨĳԣǰԼ廯ΪƬÿһƬƬһϸ˿ĻԼ硣
ǣһ㻹ԶԶʯ㼫Ϊܣ޳ҪɴԽͱҪԼֽһȳҪСĿɴԽ
УĲϷֽ⣬޳Ļ˿ܲˣԭ˿ֽΪѾΪ
ʱҪٶϸ֣ȴ޳Ѿ޷ͬʱٿôĻ˿ÿγԴԽʯʱ߲˶Զĳһֵͻ᲻ľۺϣС


1719 ¿ռ
ÿ޳ͲòʯٶȳԷֽ֮˿Ѿûа취ַʽ½ĻҪҽҪʱ䡣
޳һ·ȥƿԽԽϤ˿ָܹ޶ҲڲѾܹͬʱٿ֫ɡ
ʲôط޳״̬ŬԽϰʱ򣬺Ȼеһᣬ·Ĺߣָɻغ
֣֮ǰδһ㶣ɻĵ
޳ǲ⣬Ѿǰɾ磬ԼǿԻԽزģ֮ǰҲ˿ȴǰδеΡ
£޳Ϣſɫ˫ͫСĹ۲·
һ֮£ʱһߴǧ׵ĵ¿ռ䣬Աһȥͷ
⴦¿ռĵشһ޴ɽ壬мǧ׸ߣ˵¿ռĶ
ɽʳϵĲˮ£̲Ƭ¿ռ䣬γһƬ̵Ĳԭ
⴦ռĶһ࣬һž޴֣ɢ֮
ԭ֮УͰС֫׳ʳݵľӶ࣬ǵķɫΪɫɫ
ЩʳҰޣΪɫߺɫǵٶѸ磬еĻ֮ܽʩչһЩ򵥵ʽ
޳һΪǵ¿ռ䣬ǿṩ֮ʼǷյģûвӦԪغԪء
ԭеЩҲ״̬һЩԳǻۣ쳤ì֮⣬ƺûǻ
һۿȥƺûֵ޳ĵǿУͻأĳֵĿռ䣬ȴ˲Ѳɡ
ڵϣһȺɢųɫâΧסǲûмŽֻγһΣϢ֮䣬ǣ֮γһͿռ
޳γɺͱ仯̣ڱɫȻЩõһмΪ󷨣͸ŻͼӰӡ
ڣǵȻ漰˻ͼİأǱȴ̫С޷󷨵
޳ֻǴ߶һ˿֮ǹƣһֻǡ
໣ǵǻ۲ߣȴѾ֪޳ʵǿȫѹǣͷǵһХǶʱͷ񱼣Ŀյ֮ҲٶȻңƽ
޳ǹʧ֮ǰѾİյĽṹļ֮󣬺ͻͼԱһֹȻһеϵ
ʱ޳ܲѣ֮УӲԭеβŷ֣ǲʳ߻ǱʳߣЩĹľԣĳЩʱ̶γһ󷨣֮ͨӵвͬõ
Щ֮󷨣ȫָ˻ͼǾͺרѵһ㣬ڲʱΪѸ׼ȷ˿᷸κδ󣬾ıܡ
ȷһ֮޳ܣ޲ЩȫоԼʱ䲻ܾ࣬ҵɾͣԪ½ĶҪĩպƽ֮С
ռǳأлĻһҪúоһ޳̾Ϣһ׼뿪˵أ¡
һ£Ȼ
޳ͣסɻʵôˣ
Ҹеɽ⣬ȥһ¡˵
޳˫Ŀһʶڣս⴦ռ䣬һۿĳ֮⣬ǧ׸ߵɽˡ
ȻһֱעڲԭϵȺ䣬оȻͻõĻͼ󷨣ȴƫƫɽ壬ȷŹ쳣
ѵҵֱӰˣ޳ЦһԳ˵ҲǣԼԴܹ˿˿Ҫάֺϵ׼ɼĸֶж֣ĵ
뵽޳Ȼһ˿ɣңԼʹãȻǿȴܵ˼ƣ֪սǺûǻ
׿Щͷ޳ɵɽ嶥ˣžĽӽǰʼһ磬·赲ʲôĽ롣
֮ܣһȻغ
ʲô޳ԶԶͣ£ϸĸǲ磬йȻǿĻڲѭ
죬ų̾һν֮ܣͽֻƶɵһֻܣԵһ깥ֻͨĸı䣬ǿԳΪһΪĻ걦
ô޳æѵˣӦ֮ˣ
δأ˵ֻӦ֮˵ͬʱֻҪܹһɽ֮ܣҪĵ֮һֲǼ򵥵һ˾ܹ쵽ġ
ĵյԪǣǿƣҲֻǿ֮ʱڶŻ᲻ϧѪķѴߵĻȥ֮ܡ
޳ɫΪ֮һ䣬ΪżȻγɵĵ¿ռ䣬ȴû뵽Ȼֱ̬֮Ľ硣
ܹõ磬޳ԼʵмٶɼҲ˿ûеֿ
뵽̲סĶ֮ܣʵ֪βٿ𣿡
ʲôȻŵĵһ۶ԵݳޣȻõ
޳ǺһЦͷȻûзƬ¿ռûǻ𣿼Ȼˣ֮Ȼģ˭ȼͿԾΪаɣ
Щֹǧ򲻿ɣǿԭЩʹõ󷨣֪Ĳ֮϶ĳʵΪǿ˻ģһеأǾҪ֮ˡ
˼֣޳ֻѹԼĺģֻٱУʱܲġ
ðɣ뿪գ޳Ŀһ֮ܣתڲԭ֮ϣʩչ֮·ƶ
ոհֽ״̬ȻоЩطԾĵȻûκη϶ġ
ô£޳ԵĹҲȻͣԭء
⣡Ƭ̣Ȼɫһ䣺㻹ǵڿຣʩչһпռ𣿡
޳ԣƬ̣Ȼɴ˫Ŀ˵ĿռṹѾΪıˣ
Ȼ̾Ϣһɣʵ벻ʲôĽ͡
ʱ˱˴뿴һۣһĳ֮Уھ޷ٶȴԽ棬޳Ȼ
޳͵վĿռȻи޶ȣǾĹطǰҽɡ
ԣ̧ͷһۣǶ˶ȴû˵ĮȻͬ޳뷨
޳ȥ¿ռĶٶȷֽһͼԭ·ء


1720 ֮
ոһ͸оһɾ޴屻˻֮Уϵ𶯣ƺ˲Сˡ
޳ʹ֮£ָȻĿͨͨɽڣʱҲɹҪˣ⴦ռѾ
ҲµĲһֱĳػǽ֮֮ܣƬռ䣬ǳȥŷ
쵰޳˼ͷʯѾüΪӲܵԼһǿȭһ˿мûе䡣
޳͹εķɻصǧ׵ɽ帽ԶԶĿƺƽ޳֮ܣһĪչ
ʱ޳ȻɽͶڵľ޴Ӱƶһ£ɵ̧ͷ֣ȴھ޴ܣ֪ʱѾһȦСĻŬİ
ȥ޳͹һۣӶԷзһ˿ϣ֮ûа취ȴǱȽϤġ
޳ľʶлһֿռ䣬ڹǴʮǰͽ֮أ˵һֱѹեֵҪ޳١
ЩٶȲǺܿ죬˺ܿ׷ȥǿֵһ֮󣬺Ȼ֮һֱ˶ϵĸо
޳ʶ̧ͷȥȴķ֣˵ʯڻѿһž޴Ĺһ㣬ھм䣬򽥽³һֻ͸߲ʹâľ޴顣
һ֣ͷų߲ʵɨ¿ռ䣬·յĶֲʱͣ٣ĳжһ㡣
ЩֲͣٵʱΧĶȴûȥԻ߽ʳž޴۾һǳݵĶ
޳ĿЩ仯ȴǿž޴Ͷ߲ʹâɨԼʱѾӦʱоڵⱻȫ͸
ֱ˶Ϥһеĸо޳ǳĲֺѾܣĵֿš
Ȼ޴߲ʹ̫ǿѾŴ߶£ȴ޷ֵĻӦ飬Ŀա
屻߲ʹɨʹ岻ϵŤΣֽм
޳ŭһ嵽Ϸ赲߲ʹߣȻʱȴ֣Щ߾ȻֱӴ͸Լ壬Ծڹϡ
ʱѾױ飬ƬֱЩ߽һķֽΪԴ֮ɢĿա
޳ĽޱȣʱȴҪģҸоЩ߲ʹ߶ûк
ʲô޳һŭҲƽֵʵô£ڱֽ⡣
εĿ̾һֽģʮʱĲȱ֡
⻰˵ĲǺ޳ȴѾףһĶȻҲȱݡ
ǵ겢ԵıһΣ֮ҲܵȱӰ죬һЩλǲģȱݡ
ʱ޳µɻ߲ʹ߼ѹȫֽ⣬ÿһƬڽһ֮УѵѾûþˣ
Щ飬޳ʱ벻ͨȻ˵Լû£ҲûбҪżĵͣһԣǾ޴鵽ҪԹʲô
ʱƣѾȫֽΪıԴ֮ɢĿ֮У괫ԽԽ
ҸоԼڱ죡Щ˷ܵ˵
޳ԣȴһ㶣걻˶ֽţǲܱѵģ˿̹˷һֲԤС
ܼǵԼ˭𣿡޳̽ʵ
ȻĴµĴ֮һʹߣȻ˵
޳˫ĿһʶıԻˣƽʱԲ˻ش벻ĳƺΪˣһʮĻū˵ơ
Ϊ˽һ֤ԼĲ²⣬޳ٶʵĶĺܺΪ
˿̣ȻĬȥ춼ûκλӦ޳ȵļ̧ͷʯ϶еľ޴߲飬ɳߺ֮ɫ
ԼҲѳȥ޳¶ģǿжһ˿ϵʱһ˺ѷεľʹص֮С
ҧأɾʹٶȰŰǵ˿֮̽С
ȥһ޳ȴûзκг˹Ϣ⻹ɻҲڹġ
ô£޳û˿ô꣬ιôˣΪβӦ
˰죬·˯һ㣬û˿޳ΣҪٶȳһ˿ȻһףҪˡ
˭޳ѭȥһ
ʱǸִĲ𣺡ҪżϾͻѹ
㵽˭޳Ĺˣʵ
𣿡Ǹ˵·Դ𣺡һʧ߰ˡ
ʧߣ޳ЦһͲŶԷĻܹϢĳ֣ȷ˵϶Ƭ¿ռ֮У߲֮йء
ӵֲֿʵȻ˵Լһʧߣ˭֮Աǡ
Ǹ·͸޳˼̾Ϣһʵǵڼֻˣ
ʲô޳һѾʶԷݲû뵽ھʹֻص飬ȥ񲢲һֻء
ضǿ󣬴ʱܱҪԶļһ޳ò߾裬̽ʵ㵽˭ѵǵֻصˣ
ͼڵֻزģԷڵֻأȻ·ԭЩͻ
ãǸ̾ǵֻص
õ𸴣޳оǧ㣬ҲԲ²ԷݾȻְԵĺļһԼʵûʲôϣοԷǵֻؾͻϲġ
Ǻǣ㲻غ£ʱԳǸȻЦĵ˵ôһֻصѾ𣿣
Է˵Խɣ޳Խţѵ˵ڷ֮شս
֮أʲôطЩķʵ
޳ֻܲ²νԴӵֻؽ֮󣬾һֱƬĿռ֮Уδȥ򲻻һ֪
֮£ֻðΪ˳ͷЩԪ½ٵĶռ䣬ҲǷ֮˵˳һֻص֮غȻЦ


1721 λ
޳ɻĿſЦֹĵֻ֣ȫ޷ԷЦʲô
벻һֻصȻСֻصòײֹסЦּΪ˵
޳˫ĿһʵֲװԪ½ΪӣڶԷȴȻֻص𵽵׸жôֱ޷
ʱȻ˵Ѿûˡ
ʲô޳꣬ؾɳһæɹȥеʵоΣ
޳һۣŸпĵҵѾÿǰûκȱݡ
޳һ̧ͷռ䶥ǿ߲飬ʱЦˣǿ뿪ˡ
ԣ޳͹ͬʱһ㶣дԷʵǿֲȴȫûж⡣
ôߣ˵
޳ԥƬ̣ʵǴѵһ㶼
ЦһΪֻϽж𣿡
޳ʱҲǣԼ͹ڵǰȷһֻ϶磬εĿЦһǺã뿪
ʱѾɣٴλսף޳ϡ
ռ䶥ֻ߲Ҳųһ߲ʹߣֱǰһռͨ
˵뿪ɡ
޳ɻĿſռͨһƬûκϢҲԥϽȥ
ߣȻһЩĵҪٺˣĿռҪرա
ԣ޳ε̾ϢһԷʵǿҪԼĻֱӶ־ͿˣӦòô鷳
Թߣ
޳־ηĿһۿռ䶥߲飬ŷռ֮ͨС
ǿŤ֮ո뿪¿ռ䣬޳͸еһӴŤ֮ԼϮæԴնܣսҲͷŻֿܵ
һ֮ȶĿĿգȴＸһƬŤ֮γɵĺ󣬿ռѷ洦ɼĪ⡣
ģ⵽ʲôط޳ͷȥȴ֮ǰĿռͨѾʧҲ޷˻ȥ
ߵ۳һ壬ǰ·Ť֮ƿٳһͨ޳ǽϣȴͬ
ʲô޳һ㶣ҪѯʣȻƺһʹãԴޡ
޳ͷΨһһ˿Ĵ̽飬ȻǰٹǿıԴϢѸԼ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ť֮ĶֻȭͷСԴѾ˽ǰ޳߶еӹԴնܡ
Щһ֮ǿ󣬾Բ޳ĿǰԶԸģΨбķأĻȻܶԴ˺ȴҲ޷ͬʱֻ
ڽŵѰ֮ʣЩԴȴֻǵͺһѸݵĳһɱȥ
龪һ޳һȻĿڼԶԴޣʵʲô
Ҳɻѣ⴦ռ̫죬ҪСһЩ
󣬹Ҫٴûſ·ǰȻֳһԴ޵Ϣŵĵãˡ
޳һոջȥ֮ٶȷų֮󣬾ͼһȺ֮ǰһģһԴ޷ɱ·ǵʱͣûͣһ£㳯ŵһԴʧķ׷ȥ
·߲ͨˡⲨԴʧ֮޳ε̾
Ǵӵ򿪵ĿռͨʶΪֻҪֱ߳ǰߣ뿪ռ䣬̶̵ʱ䣬ѾֻԴޣȻǣҲ̫ա
⴦ռޱ޼ʣԶԶ˵ʶ̽ⷶΧǾͷӬһ㣬ϵĴѰңϣҵȥ·
뿪ռͨ㹻Զ֮޳ķŤ֮ѾûôǿֲҲȽϡ裬㲻Ӵ֮άԴնˡ
ػܣε̾ȥߵĵϣҲ벻ˡ
޳ͣƵĵв˵ǰһְ
ߣ䣬бһߣȴǵġ
޳һȣæʵ𣿡
ܿӦһԵüΪء
Сû򣬾͸ҺȻ𣿡ʱٶȷЩߵ˵
֣޳ʱһ㶣ʵҪ뿪Ҫû𣿡
ЦһȻ̾ˣҲ⼸״μʹһǰɡ
˵ţ޳ֻекȻ֮ʲôæû˿鿴ȴռشѾһĪͼ
ʲôͼ֮У޳ԼܿһЩͼӰӣȴ޷ȫᣬʵ
ǻûû˵ȴ̾
ʲô޳һٶȿǸͼȴֺԵԼȫͬʵûкܶ𣿡
ҲǲȷϵĵߵľһҲΪܶΣҲ²ⲻûӦλҪܴ֮߶
ߣеʶʱٶһͷĵǸСӣв֮ÿԴ߶
޳ԿЦһԼȷӦ֮ˣҲȷͽڣϧһֶûָδ߶
·𿴴޳뷨Цһģûҵĸ죬Զ֮
ʲô޳һ㶣æʵҸô
û˵޳֮еǵûȴȻ仯ͼ֮еķķתܿзķֽɢγһû
ûֱַֽ⣬γĵ̲ϵظڼ̵ʱڣ޳ռѾ֮Ļû
Щû޳ҲһԼռ䣬ԭ޾ģֻΪԼܹ̽鵽ķΧ̫С
ռ俴Ԫ½Ļ޳ʱܹ̽ķΧһϵĴС£Ȼ޷ռ䡣
ǣЩûŴ޳ĸ֪Χֻᣬ׵ĿԼ
ûֽһ֮󣬱㲻зķȥͼҲʼ仯ԵĿԿг硣
һǿϵ޳ռĻ̲δκʹ࣬һˮɵĸо
Żû޳ҲһȷĸܵԼĻϢһΪ֣һڲϵıãѰյ
ڶ֣ͼȥס֣ҰԼϢȾȥԼģ
ڵΪŹ֣ǲǾȵķֲռڲٴڣۼܵı߽磬γƻһӣռ
Ǹ޴ӵΧϸ˿ϵ߮滹˺ܶ಻ͬṹĽᣬѭ


1722 
һĻ޳ռ𺳣ɻϢӦþͽһ磬صĻ
֮ɵУûͺ޴УϵܵĻȴֲƻƽ⣬γĳµĹ
޳ĿռıãȻûֹͣջ֮ǺȻͬʱٵĳı߽磬һ⣬Щ˳ȥʧ
ʱ޳һȻоԼ˲仮ֳٶɢ
ɢ޳ӦĿռ䷶ΧҲڼչĿİռȫò
ԭŤ֮ɵһ󣬴ĵطƽȶģŤ֮ĳЩشγһΪǿš
Щŵ۵֮󣬾ͻᷢըը֮ǿıԴ֮
ЩԴ֮ͻıŤֽ֮ɢлγһƬԴеѾҲԴޡ
ԴıԴ֮ĸɾ֮ЩԴ޾ͻѡɱɣ֪һֻΪǿģǰطѰұԴ֮
ЩǿԴ޾İռֻ֮ụɱʤһİʧߵʬάԼ
ЩۼŤ֮ڱը֮󣬾ͻһϢԴǰ
УԲбԴ޻ʱƽദһеĳողԴ̰еıԴ֮
µԴٶȱֹθɾЩԴֻ֮УʵĻᱻɱ¾ʳǿһ̶ȵģ򲻻ụγһµƽ⡣
ɢ޳ܿյЩӴϢǿǾԳܵģǻûã˿ûκʹࡣ
ҵˣ޳ڹ۲ЩԴ޵̬Ȼ˷ܵ˵
ԣһ٣оԼղſ̫Ͷ룬Ѱҳ£ɲĵʲôط
ųһʶ޳ȥھԼһռ䣬Ťֻ
Ť֮룬һռѷ죬ڲϵŤΣʱʧ
ȥ޳״æջʶ߶˿ǣԼսҲһɾ޴ǰС
ոշɳǧȻһãǰһȺԴޡ
ʲô޳һҪܵͣ£Ȼ뵽ԼղΣЦûµģǳԴȥġ
βͬغǸո뿪һƬԴڻɱ¾
޳žæռ䣬ȴЩûѾʧԼʶҲɢȥ
⣡޳ʱ޲øԼһ⣬ղջʶѾж˺ϵʱҲԿȫ֡
ε̾Ϣһ޳ֻʵǾ뻹жԶ
ȴЦѾˡ
޳ӦٹǿϢѸǰһѾֺԼԴޡ
Ҫ֪⴦ռ֮УոγɵԴֻȭͷСȻǿȴҲֻƾս޷ñԴ֮
㹻֮ͬ󣬱㿪ʼΪľͿʼһҲԴֵĶ洢ʱ޷
ӿµǣЩԴ޲ܹ洢Դ֮һЩΪСŤܴ֮洢
Ť֮ͱԴ֮ͬԱĿռ䣬һָΪӽԴƽʱȶ״̬£άֿռƽ⣬رԴ֮
һռ飬Ť֮ͻȻѵһ㿴ĶԿռṹƻû˳صĻȻҲ͸Ż
޳ĿǰܵϢ֮Уδ˭ƿŤ֮²Щֻйأƶֻصס
Ϊˣ޳֮ǰŻôĹ۲ЩԴޣѰҿռڣϾЩԴ޽ĳ̶ԶԶһֱȥ᲻ҪֲĴڡ
ǰЩԴޣѾ㹻ǵڲԴ洢Դ֮Ť֮˳еľ
еļֻɢ߲ʹâ޳ǲҴ⣬ԹСһЩҪǽս
صĵȻǵѾɼ𣬾ĻţҲѳɱ취ܿɡ
˵֮䣬ЩԴ޺Ȼͣɱ¾ת޳Ϊ׵ļֻ˫ĿԳ˼֮ɫ
޳ľԴѾ㹻ǿٽǣԼͺѶԸˡ
ȻǼֻԴ޵һŤȻɺ޳һģһ̬࿴˴ˣֻĶȴ֮·Ŭоʲô
ãæߣģľ֮
޳Ǳܣ߶ˣΪ׵ļֻԴȴ·˼δᡣ
ûжЩͽСֻԴȴûдŹ޳ͬʱ̬׷Ϲ
޳һ߼ٷУһ߷ųʶ۲ע⵽׷ԼԴûЩ̬֮һᷴ
ԭ֮㹻ԶܵŤ֮Ҳǿ֮ʱ޳ͣ£عͷĿЩ׷Դޡ
Щ洢λȴûо޷бԴ֮Ť֮ļһ޳оԼǿһսġ
ЩԴ޼޳ͣ£׷׻ԭ̬ɹ޳ΧסΪ岿λԾԾԡ
ߣ޳һԹʩչεķ
ãЩǣǺܿӦ
޳ŭһȫ߶֮һִԼսҲʮɢܹΧ޳Ϸ衣
һֻԴ޷ŭ׷ֻԴͬʱǷ·ʳﱻ⣬ȿֺһӵϡ
ˢˢˢЩԴ޻δ޳ͱ鲼ռס壬ٶȶȻ
𣡴ʱԵԴŭ𣬷˦壬ҪЩȻԽᱻԽնεԭأֻͽ͵Ĳ
һ£׷ֻԴ޾һʧȥսǵȻǿȴ޷ȫʵĶ޳ŭš
ûбסԴѾ˳ǣԣҲͲټŽһתˣҪʱܿ
ߣһٵԴܹ֮צЩԴ޵ĺ󱸾ץ˹ȥ
ʱһǺ֮ʣԴ޼ܣûлأһȫס壬˻


1723 
޳״ٶȴ߶֮ЩԴεסǳʧȥ
û뵽Щһôһ֮޳ķ˲һɵ֮Ц
֣̽һɫǹݺݵĳһֻԴ޴ȥ
һɫǹ޳ֱ۱ֻۣԴȴֻŤһ壬˿ڲһ磬ʳģҲʲôѪҺǼֱԴ֮ⷽʽںϳɵҺ
޳İҺУϸ۲죬нṹӣԼĿǰֻܿһš
ֲ̾εĽṹһǵһμռԴ޲αȽϿռ仹Ҫߡ
޳һ̾ﲢʲôϿռ䡣
͵ֻصйصĶȻ򵥡
ãȻһǼļһˡ
⣡޳űסԴޣǰԼɼţ֮£ֻһЩһʶ֮С
ˣЩʲôܳ𣿡ڳ˯Ķ˹ĿЩԴޣڴʵ
޳Ҳ֪λش𣬶ֻܳЩԴ޵ȻǱԴ֮ɵģȴ̫졣
Ϊ˱ʲô⣬޳ֻõһ֪л԰ɡ
˵ţЩԴͶγɵǴռ䣬ҶԻˣЩһҡ
ʱҲһͷˮΪȻ͸ЩԴ޵̬ʵ޳Ǵʲôطץģ
ǿԴ޽޳˲ö˵ֻǵ㿴ˣһ˵
ܿ죬صʵռ䣬һֻԴѾߣлһѽɫǹԼ
ã޳ľ֮£æӴԴնܵķȣͬʱһԶܣȴֱһѽɫǹС
ʹ֮£ʱ֮ͣʱͷϺȻһ˫סԽԽ
̵ģ޳ŭһͬʱҲľѣû뵽һԴ޾Ȼ˴Լոùʽȫѧ˹ȥá
ߣʱ޳ֽ޷Ȼŭһս͹ĵֱ̣ӰЩжϡ
޳һᣬæȥǼֻԴ޴ʱȴͣ˫Ŀƺ˼֮С
ܿ죬һֻٶȱ仯һɫսףͺսȫơ
ֻԴѧ޳һս֮͹̣űת
⼸ֻԴ޼״Ҳ׷ģǲʱսףտʼȫЧ޳սףܿʧȥȤĳɸֲͬṹ
ôô޳Ŀ⼸ֻԴޣ˵츳ѾãЩԴޱȴС׼ˡ
нٶȣò˶ãЩԴ޾ͻԼʽȫѧȥپãԼֱʤ㡣
뵽޳㲻սǻоս֮ʱ߶ͷ뿪
ոշɳȻһ˷ܵĺһã׷ˡ
޳ųʶһִʱ׷ԴѾȫԭֻ̬һǡôսף滹͹ķ̣Դ֮Ť֮תԵÿֲ
״޳ٶȴ߶֮ʱٺЩӵǱսһҲ޷ˡ
ҲʶΣϵİһս׷ȥԼķԭʩչʽ
һйȻЧЩ׷Դ޺Ȼͣ£һĿŹķģʽѧϰٶȼ졣
̾ߣҳŲ̫á
޳һҧѵ߶ޣ֮תٶҲȻſռͨķٷ˹ȥ
ٶȷɳǧۿҪռͨʱԴٶ׷ɢǿϢֿ¡
ôô죿޳Ȼķ֣ʱԴѾɫǹ̬ԱԼҪٶȼ׷
̾ѾѼһʽóˣǵѧϰٶԽԽ죬Ѿٳȥ
쵰޳ʱΣǼʵĿ׷Դޣ޲ԼͻǣʵҲΡ
ˣ׷ԴֻֻɫǹǼ޳ͣ£ҲֹܿסΣͣ޳󷽲Զĵط
ܿ죬һŤ֮УɫǹٶȻԴ޵ı̬˫ĿͶڴĹʣĶ޳
ҪͿǵϱ޳״εĿЦһ¿ռͨߣʵڲԸʹ˷
ЩԾ˵Դޣʱ޳Ǵִ򲻹Ҳܲˣֻεϰ취ٶʩչһ׹
ȻԴ޼״뻯̬ģ޳ʽϢҲΩΩФֱһģ̳һ
ʩչ깦֮޳ȻվԭأεĿڷѧϰԴޣԹ֮̾ǰͨûһûзǵٶô죬ǲ̻ǵģ
ԣ̾һԩҪ˱̬Լ𣿻Ҫװķסǣ
޳Ҳǣֻ̾ºˣЩһﶢϣֻɽˡ
£ȻһֻԴ߹ѧĿºˣֻɽˡ
޳ľĪֻԴ޲ܹ˿ģԼ̬Ǻ޲
ֻǣȥҲֻģ¶ѣ˵ʱ˫Ŀȴһ͸Ұһ㴿ֺĿ⡣
ʶһ֮Ȼһ뵽ʲô
ҽ޳޳ָָԼԴ޵
Դ޿ѧ޳ָָԼҽ޳
ԣ޳ȻЦָԷ㲻޳ԴޣҲ޳
ָֻҲϹԴޣԵһֻҲԴޣһ
ԴޣΣԴ޺޳˼ָԼı˵
޳ЩΣԴȻȴֻѧϰʽģ±Դ֮Ĺ̬ȴ̸ʲôǡ
ͨһ㣬ͷԼһ뷨԰Щһľ
£޳ԹЦ㷢ûУǵߣȴӤһ
ҲЩп̾Ӧ뵽ĿռȻԴ޵ȴܶݣҲụ๵ͨȻ̫ߵǡ
ȻԴ޵ıԻ״ֱ̬ܵҪ޳ѧĶȻ͸޳һѵõĻᡣ
£ܿ͹ֳһеİ취ֱӴ߶֮ڿлûֺʹǺͼ
ĲͱȽ鷳޳ְֵĽ̻ЩԴһЩֺ壬ֻԣܺԼͨ


1724 
Դ޵ԾˣܿԪ½ԣϲĺ޳һ򵥵ĽȲĸԼȡ֡
һ޳ԴޣԼȡΪһΪԼ׸ԵԴޣѧֱԳ޶
Դˣ޳ûиекβףﱾ޵Уٵ࣬Ϸչ仯Դ޳ǣһҲǿ⡣
ԴѧϰԵĹУ޳ڵı֮ԽԽ٣ֹҲζҰ޵ķ롣
̽ʵ֮ǰΪһֱ׷Ҳţ
ԣ࿴˿һŵǵıܣͻᷢ񣬲ĳȥա
޶Ҳÿһʱ䣬ͻᱻһΣʵǿͻһ֪ЩԲҪϵѰҺԼ㹻ǿ󡣡
Ȼ£޳ԲĿˣȻʵһжã
£ס֮һŵÿʱͬҳ֮󣬻ûо
Ŷ޳ʧĵͷǺںЩռ䴦͸¶죬ҪȫŪ壬һûҪʱҲ
ͷһ²𵴵Ŀռͨ޳СĵĵǸռͨͨʲôطģ
ʲôԣռͨ뷴ʣǽռͨ𣿡
޳ε̾Ϣһ˸ոѧ˵Ժܶණֻĵİѿռйصһ
֮һ̾ԭô󣡡
ǰ޳ʱѾЩżٴʵûнȥǸͨǵĴؼ𣿡
һҡҡͷѣҸע⵽ʲôֹҲ뷨
޶࿴һۣͬʱ¶ɫ޶һôһ˵ҲЩɣѵڰпƬռ䣿
޳ҪѵˣȻо֮дһʹʶһƬڰ֮С
ʹһ޳غʲôط
СӣЩ鲻Ҫ˵ƺŭ
ԭһ˵ģƬռƵģ޳
ЦһмĵƬռֹҿƣЩҲס
޳һ㶣֪ԼͶԷʵ࣬ε̾ȻˣΪҪҽѵֻϷˣң
㹻ʸ𣿡мĵͣƬ̣̾ҶΪѰһЩƬİռ䣬֮ǰĵ¿ռ䣬ΪôĿġ
Ѱʲô޳ɻʵ
Ҳ֪Щεĵ֪ԼѰʲôͳɹˡ
⻰˵ļΪìܣ޳ĪԣҪʣߺȻ̾һռȫյģܹҲ˵ֻѾʼҵʱ䲻ˡ
Էֻأ޳·ʲô̽ʵҪҵĶǲǰֻ֮
Σڶҡʵ˭ֻ֮£
ȻԵУ޳и̣Ҫ˵ԷȴԭǵҲû𣬹
޳ɻ֣ɵ֪ҵ뷨
һкѣռ䣬ﶼƿ֮УȻǲ֮ͣľˣȻȾҵϢЩ֪ͬġ
ԭˣ޳˿̲ףΪεҪԼռ䣬ĿԭɱԼҪϢԼ
ʱƺúһЩͻĵϢǳãΪ˱ʾĸлԴ͸ɡ
ʲôԴ壿޳ҪʣȻʶһ㱣ٴλصǸռ䣬ߴʹ
ѭȥȴһ޶ѾŤΣѸٵС
޳Ⱦǣһǿʹ̧࣬ͷһ޳
ңô㣿޳ɻʵ
ֻҪֻҪĻ˿Ϳˡһ˵֮󣬾Ҳûʹʱ޶ǿάԭ̬˵
޳ԥƬ̣ڻǷųһ˿עһͷʱоʮֵĹŹ֣۸ӵľһγһŤͼ
ܵ˿֮һȻ֮Ѹٱ仯ǸɵͼȻһСĵ㡣
󣬲Ƭ̵ʱ䣬Ǹֱѿγһ޳Ϥꡣ
лл㣡һ岻ٱСĻָԭΣֿ˵
޳ͷȻԼĻ˿Ϊλֱ仯ʱҲϸʣ޶Ҳʹȳ
˵״̬ȹ֮ѾСȭͷСһǵһȵģҲ
ʱ޳ɻʵǸղôˣΪҪҵĻ˿
˻࿴һۣһȻĵǵѾһжˣռģҲһֻȥնʧȥ꣬Ϊһ֡
޶ֵĳ֣յĽֶһ
ҲмĿ޳˵һæ͸㣬ǵ֮ѾĻӡǣӴ֮Ļūˡ
ʲô޳һæʵİɻūҲģ
̾Ϣһˣûô򵥣׵ū͵йء
ԭˣ޳ͷֶ˵ðɣǷģȻѾҵĻūƽʱǲջġ
⻰һ˶ʱмѣݵлˣ
޳̾Ϣһ˷ɵռͨǰִʱռͨѾüȶߵŤ֮ҲڲϵĹͣۿҪѡ
Σ޳Ҳûԥʱ䣬Ȼ֪ռͨͨδֻðһˡ
£޳ԴնܣҲٿսףסҪȥһ޶Ȼˣһ¡
ôˣ޳ͷȥȴ˷׷׻һɫԼ
һѹҪֿ뷨ʱ˶ѾԼĻūСʲôв
ɫȺս֮УѸٵս׵ı䶯ܿ;ȵķֿΪս׵һ֡
ʱһЦǺǣȻЧ
޳ɻʵǿԻս𣿡
û˵ȴ̾һҸоԼǿˣ
ٺ٣һĵˣǻЩóɡ
޳Цĵ
˼ǿս޳㣬ʱѾս׶ɼףŤ֮ըĳͺˡ
ռͨ޳ǰһڣٳ֮󣬷ԼѾһϿռ䡣


1725 
ϸ۲죬޳ΪԼδ뿪Ǹڰռ䣬һŤ֮ɵ籩ιʱŴЩŤ֮ȷѾǽϡ
ңЩŤ֮ҪԴڵǸϵһֱɳĮ֮еĽϿռһ޳ȷϣ֮ͨصĽϿռ䡣
ж֮޳д󶨣ǧ裬ܹ֮أϣɾҪԼʧг֡
޳Ͽռ֮̽ʶķ⴦ռ䲢Ǻܴʶ𼸺ܹ߽硣
ʱ޳һϲû뵽ξȻ˳æ߶սףǰһߵı߽硣
ոշɵһ룬޳Ȼ֮еܵŤ֮ǿγɼ׷ӿԼ
쵰һæܣһҲͬʱٶȶȻΣŤ֮ΧԼ֮ǰ˳ȥ
˲񣡡޳ոͣ£һŭȣǼŤ֮֮У߳һ߲ս׵
Ѿһռֳָͨʽ콫ηɳ
Σ޳Цһͨˮ֮һѾӪȻء
콫̧ۣ߲ʳǹ޳ŭҿвףʱ뿪һ
޳ԣɻĿŶԷ˵Ҳ˵һʱ֮⣬⼸ζûٺ¹
ң޳ҲѾ֪ɵƵĿܣʵȻǿȴⲻ˴ȱ㣬Ǿ¹Ű顣
ԣ˵˾Ļ޳еһ˿⣬ĿŶԷʵǷҵԼļ䣿
ԣû˿ݣֻŭҪͼԻңڻȥü
޳Σ˻ûһԭļ䣬Ҳᣬʱֻ֪ɾ䣬ʵ֪ɾ𣿡
ڤ粻飬ɣƺûа޳Ļϣֻǹ̶ִԼʹԼȰ˵ΣԷɲ뿪ʼ֡
޳һӲƴԷԴʵԼȻɼףܵ˺Ҳ˷
޳ȫ߶սףδ㳯Žϵһ߽ɹȥȻﲻ룬ѡ·ˡ
޳ܣ콫׷һأܳһΧ֮󣬺Ȼͣסԭ·ء
޳ʱͣɻĶԹʵͨʲôطģ
ʱڷ֮ʮ꣬ȻＫΪϤԼֺαĴڡ
ȻƬ̣ܿҸղֻںһǣ㣬ˮĽϡ
ˮ޳ͷԼ²ⲻˮǼӪؽϣҲǷǳ
ʵˮ·ĸʵ
֮ʣΪ޳ʱϣȥڵĽԼͬ˵ڵľ˫ս˵ûʲôϵġ
ܿشȥˮ֮ɣǱƻģ֮٣Ҳǿ󡣡
ã޳ͷͨˮ֮ĽϷ򣬱㳯˹ȥ
ǧ·;ڴʱ޳˵㲻ʲôһӵʱ䣬ϵı߽磬ʱŤ֮
ɶЩŤ֮޳ͣԵƬ̣Ť֮֮УȻ߳һȺ콫
֮ǰͬβû򣬿˵Ĳ˵صֵ̫ӡ
޳ųʶ鿴Щ콫ϢǲԴʵСĿ
Ҳѹ֣Ͳ꣬ҲǴƵ콫ȻҲǿꡣ
޳һЦֱӷų˿͵شЩ콫Ҫһǵȫ顣
Ϊ׵ļ콫˿ϮҲżһŹΣ˿һ𣬷֮£γһ޵Ĵ״ܡ
ˣ޳Ļ˿ڴ״֮ϣʱ˳ɵĿԷǼ콫Ļ˿Ѿ˴ңڼٵȹ֮С
ٺ٣ˣ޳Цһٶȷų˿Ӵ˻ǿȣ״֮ϣʱ˺һӡ
žԷαң콫˴˿һۣջػ˿صӪ֮С
޳ΪЩ콫֪ԼҪ֮ʱȻ֮䣬Щ׷׷ֽ⣬ƬƬԴ֮ɵ飬ںΪһ壬γһȫµ塣
Ǽ콫ҲûţϵĻӶгǹƺҵͷűԴϢȴγһϡ
޳ԻͱԴ֮ȫͬԷ겻ǿ󣬾ôǿԴ֮Ǵ򲻹Լ
ɻ֮ʣһȻˣҪŤ֮Ը㡣
˵ʲô޳һ㶣ԼĶ䣬ٴʵҲܴ߶Ť֮𣿡
˵Ĵ߶Ǽ򵥵Ŀƺǣֵͼã޳ʶ֮е̫
޳ҪȷϵģЩ콫ǷܹͽԴһ㣬԰Ť֮Ȼһķʽͷų
ֲĴ߶޳Щɵɼף񱩵Ť֮ǰԵô
һΪܿ޳˼ӦӦǲģǼɵǸ޴壬ںһԴ洢Ť֮ĲλҪ֮ǰĽλҪһ𡣡
ʱ޳ɲϣԼ٣ҿЩ콫ĶǺܿ죬еֲ
ȶԷںϳΣ޳ɫǹԻ˿·ֱӳ˹ȥ
ֵʱ򣬹Ǵ߶ţּĻѾǶԷֵܵ
ڲļ콫ȻҲʶŵӭֹ޳ǰ
ȥɣ޳ŭһ˿͵شһ콫֮УȽ֮£ԷĻ˿ԵСȻȴ޷ֹ޳Ļ˿
ʱ콫飬Ӳͣԭأٶ
һ콫֮޳Ҫ߶˿ȴ콫Ѿ͵һһûκζ
̶ֳȵ꣬ģЦһջػš
ԭˣ޳һЦԼԸ콫ʱ򣬹Ѿа⼸
ʱγɵľ޴Ѿ۾³һŤ֮ɵ籩޳ϯ
Щ籩ǿٶȴǺܿ죬޳ɶ廯һ⣬ֱӷɵ޴ĸ͵ɫǹȥ
ˣƵһ޳ֱ۱Ѫķ֮ǿѾ
̾Ϣһ޳εĶԹһ˵Ƕˡ


1726 ˮ֮
ǣˣһ޶ͬʱ˷ܵĴһսע뵽ɫǹ֮С
ʱ޳еڽɫǹܣѾһŤ֮ͱԴں϶ɵмǿƻռҲ
ƣٶȻӶǹ޴ĸ޳δκϰɫǹ·̽ˮһɵĻƶԷĶƤ˺һ޴˿ڡ
Դ֮Ӿ޴˿бŷ޳ܲһЩԴ֮Ǻǿս׺ǿȣܵκ˺
޳ûȱڣҵɫǹͷųƻ֮ܿһƬ֮ء
ע⵽޴ڲռʵǳ򵥣˱Դ֮ɵ֮⣬û
ЩķҲǳ֮ӵҲǿ޳ɵƿһ·ֱġ
һ߲ʵ飬һΣ֮Уſ񱩵Ť֮
һڵĽṹȫһ
޳ͷһ˵ȥƻ
ǣˣӦһӽɫǹȥԭ̬Ļŷ֫ܿЩ߲ʵеķ顣
Щı飬Щ񱩵Ť֮Ҳʧȥ˿ƣɢСĿռ֮У޳Ǻ׶ܣֻüԴնػ
ˣˣеĲɫ鶼ƻɾ֮һַ˻עս֮Уʽĺ
޳ͷͷ뿪޴ĺѾƻܿᱻЩ񱩵Ť֮顣
ĶƤȱڷɳ޳عͷȥĿԼǣŤ֮壬̾ϢһǰС
£Ҳû콫֣޳˳ϵı߾ķųţһռѷ졣
޳Цһ˽ȥ
ڿռѷһˣһ׵磬չһŲȱȫ֣϶ͷ֮
·ޱޱȵĴ󺣣Ƭ󺣵ĺˮǰɫģϵɢŨˮԴ֮
ռѷĿλں֮ϣ޳һЩˮ̽һеˮԴ֮Ϊͣƺ͸һУһ㣬̽˿ûκηӦ
û𣿡޳ۿȥ涼ΪƽҲûϢʵ
ԣҲɻĵӦð֮ȻԣҲܲһЩԴ֣㹻һЩˡ
ȥطɡ޳ε̾
죬ָ·ȥʱڼԶ֮أһ޴ıɽ
Ǳɽ͸ģɫĺˮӳ䣬ҲԵôޱȣϸĻ޷
޳ָűɽʵԭе𣿡
ųʶ̽ȥȻһϹһˣ
ʲô޳һ㶣ɻʵ˵ɽǣһ˿̵зѣȻʽ̬һɽҲǺʵ̫˼
ĵһЩӣǵǴһֻԪǵǿ߳ģԳϵ类ǿվ޻ҲСΪֻǿһ·϶ҵʳûмǣԲŴ
гڣĽ޳̾һʵһ𣿡
صĵǹŹ֡
ô޳һæʵùɵ壬ȻӣҪ˽ȥӴ
һ屾һ壬ûо͵ıԴ֮תΪ֮Ϊһ֡˵
Ȼܹ֣ҲǷǳɡ޳ֱ˵ǵ֮ɵģҲһֱȽ̬ѣӦúԴ޲ɡ
Цһͺˣ֮ˮԴ֮һֱ壬ʩչʱһĻ֮ǿƻɵˡ
Ȼ޳ڱɫΪ˹˼ɵʵǲ֮Ļмɣ
һΪ֮ĻҲ𲽵ӣԴ֮£ûпܲ
ŶָпĵһԴ֮ΪͼһԴʩչ֮ʱҲһɵĻַ֮ɼһ壬ǻɣ
޳˵㵽ɾ磬һ߶֮ĻҲɣתһ룬Ȼ亹ֱ
֮࣬һ֣һĶ־ͻûֲԤڵһɱС
ͨһ㣬޳ԼûɹȥŭǸһ壬Էһ֮ԼСҪˡ
޳ʱЦ˰ɣǵʵȻǿģȴʤӵһ׶ǵġ
޳صĵͷѹˮѾӪȴûʲô仯ԭֲֿڣ¾ˣһСҲڴˡ
԰޳Ҫ취뿪Ȼ뵽ʲôԹ֮ǰҰˮ֮͵ģô᲻֪һֲֿĶڣ
ǺǣȻЦҵļУˮ֮ɲӵġ
ʲô޳һ㶣ʣʲôӣ
пĵ֮ǰһֻˮ˵ҵѪлһЩϵڵӣѾȥ򣬻ߡ
û˵ȥ޳ȴ˼ԵȴҲ飬֮صԸǺ³һ
ڴʱԶ޴ɽȻʧ޳ע⵽һ㣬һæɵߵĵط
Ѿ֪һĿ֮ڶԷֺȻʧɲ뱻ͻȻðʲôϢֱŪ
Сӣʲô޳ŵĿ·ѰұɽټȻһŵӳɫǹ
Ȼһȴ˸գ޳ͷȥȴȻķվԼǰһõӰ
Ӱһ׷ԲԵģƤǰ͸ģȴǿնһƬûκѪ
˭޳ų˿ȷûдӶԷϸӦκϢһ˿޵ˮԴ֪֮Ļ
ǸղŲᵽ𣿡΢΢һЦյ˫ĿĿ޳˵
㣿޳һٶϸߵϢȴˮԴ֮⣬ûŹֵϢڡ
Ҿһ峤ǣ߳ЦĿ޳ƺܸȤ
޳ȴеëһʵŹֵļһﶢϣʵڲʲô¡


1727 궯
ǣ㲻úôţôܵˮ֮ˣʵ
ԣ޳ϵսףȻһԭµʥޣΪλΪѵ
ȻһЦˣнվԳһϢò֮ǰ֮صǸսת֮ɣ
Լݣ޳Ҳûʲôģͷ
ŶǺȻһЦѾ˳ȥΪλҪ
޳̾Ϊһˡ
˭ɻʵ
ɾ޳뵽Էֽ֪ܲͣˣ֮ǰԪ½
ȴܿ׹Ȼĵ˿Ѿס꣬ҪʲôĻҪץʱˡ
ʲô޳ʱȻɾ걻Ҳͳ֮ǰļ䣬ɳĮ֮۵ͨδ򿪡
ʱȴڵɾ飬ô֪ģ
һЦˮȪѾӪΪµһСȻ˽һЩ顣
ЦҪΪжôãʱЩ¡
ǿЦһЩȻĵһȻͲ󻤷ˡ
޳ԣȴһ㶣ʱ͵Ĵ󻤷Ҿλ󻤷
ԭˣ޳ֵʵأ
пĵ֮⣬Ϊϻȸ»䣬׻Ѿ뿪Ԫ½ױһֻϹлΪһ
޳̾һǸл֮⣬ǰѵƵūˣ֪ʵǿǳ׵ı̬
뵽֮ǰμ֮Լŭ޳͸еǳΣ¶ģлҵǰļ䡣
ʱһҪϸĿйص£ĵΪ˰Լνĵֿƻ˶٣ݳʮꡣ
ʱǺȻ̾Ϣһ޳ɫˮ֮򣬲ҪһЩˮԴ֮ˮԴ֮Ȼǿģȴʤھǳʺһ
޳νĵͷĿűǣȴ˵ȥ
һ䣬ЩĵͻȻҾͰй۲죬ȻѵһӦ֮壬
ΪŵЦ޳ȴľ֪ԼӦ֮壬ֶԶԷʲôô
òֹסЦǲųԣҴһʽס
ʲô޳һ㶣ԵĿűǡ
ҪģǴʱԵüΪСģƺ޳У˵ֻ봫һ㡣
£޳ľֱ˼֮ǰڽϿռ䣬ԴԼҪǿͽȴ֪ΪΡ
Ҹαأ޳̽ʵȻԷѾ˵һʽף϶װ׵ĴһԼҪһЩģ̫̣޳ԲӦ
һЦǣ֮ս֮ǰǵѧᡣ
޳ɻ󣬲ĵʲô
ǴʱԵЩ޷ԭ򣬲ѧǸֻ֮㽫кô
ߣ˵ڵģ˭㣡Ȼһŭ
ǺǣǲΪ⣬ֻǺȻһ֣·ĺˮ֮Уһıңңָ޳
ƽ˵Ѿܾûжù֮ˣ㲻ϴӦΪ⼸״θ֮ˡ
޳˫ĿһĶ·ǵ̺һɿͨıϢȴͬƺĳּΪı仯ڵǿȣ޷İգֱ仯ζʲô
ͬܵϢ֮ʱҲôֻ֣εܸ̾΢齫һЩô㡣
ðɣٶȻ֣ǵܿɢЩε̾ʵһǱ壬ͼ縺һʹʹڴǧɡ
˵޳ɲĿŶԷĿǰ֮УֻеУģԴޡ
ܹˣ޳δǸӦϢһĻǳСܹ죬˵ѾԷ൱ߵ
ѵ޳뵽һˣ͵ƣҲĳֻص
˵֮ǰЩ֮󣬱߻ӰȻɢ޳ǰһ޴͸ɽ
ǵЩʹ˵ֻܸЩˣǵǵ֮м˽ƣһ͸¶Ǹƻͻ⵽Ƶķƣֱӱ顣
˵֮䣬ҲɽȻȻ죬ѳ룬һ·ʧȥ˿ƣ֮˲Ϣ֮䶳Χĺˮ
״޳æˣȻͻȻı仯Ǳǵֲ̫֮һ֮ԼҪ군
ȴЦһҪģЩֻ֮ͨв
˵ţʣµһɽںϣĺ֮ϣٶ¡𣬺ܿγһµıɽСѾԭ߳ɡ
ǵٶȱƽ˵ս֮ķʤ֮غԪ½飬ʱЩȷҲ˾ͻ֮𡣡
һ㶣Ȼŭܣ˵Ὺٿռ֮ͨصǰһС硣
ǳЦȷʵݣ˼أҵʵǿȴŲȷأǵǴǿڳģѵͲɵ𣿡
ţ̾ЩŶû˵͸ûãҪģչԼǿߣһߣǾԲķһȥ뿪ġ
Ȼĵԭˣŭףԭһֱƭң
̾ˣҸЩ֪Ҫ޳Ĺʵһܹ֮İأҲǻ궯֮
궯֮޳һ㶣ȲνĻ궯ʲôŪΪԼѧ궯ܰǵæ
ǽ͵֮غԪ½֮󣬻ܳʱһλڣһжᱻŤ֮ƻʱƣŤ֮𽥱ǿγŤ籩֮Ҳ޷
ǣֿ޳Цҵ꣬ҰȫĶȹڣһ
޳׶Էͼʱ̲סʵͨ궯ҵꣿ
úԥĵҲǴӴ֪ģȫȷ


1728 
ŵν궯ͨķһĹ𶯣𶯵ĹУһĻ籾ԴͨĪķ֮
޳ͷȻԷ˵Ĳ̫ףʣ֮ͨҵ𣿡
̾ϢһֻкСĻᣬÿ궯֮𵴶᲻ͬ𶯷ΧҵĽӽҵ֮ʽ֮С
ʲô޳סռһأȴֻйصĶڣԼȫɻɵĴС
֮һṹˮԴ֮귶룬ʵ޷ϢԼռڡ
Է˼ҪɹͨԼȥҲǷǳãʵȻˣΪҪðգѵܶռ䣬ǸӰȫ
˵ڣʼڣɳĮ֮Ԫ½ϢأԲױ¶û뵽Լһʱڿ죬Ȼ˵ռ䣬Էɵӣ϶Ʋ⡣
ȻǾһʵҵ˶ռ䣿
޳ĵֻһ˵ҲֻܾڹȥϣԷҪ׷ʡ
ߣһЩĵˣʲôռ䣬˻ںڣһܲסŤ֮Ԫ½һױġ
˵ʲô޳оɳĮ֮˿̻ܱƽϣܰԪ½ܺƽ٣ͳ군ˡ
ҵĴмأֻȵǿһС磬ҲսսĻڣǸСһЩǿ߾Ϳһռ䣬ϧֻ˲һ꣬ͱޱȿ񱩵Ť֮ݻ˽ϡ
ֶ޳ԣҵʲôռ䣬Ҳãѡ𵴵ķɡ
ǵĽ޳ɬѣ˵ɳĮ֮ҲֵסŤ֮ԼǺá
ʱ޳ҪģɳĮ֮λɾ죬ϵǿȼﵽ˷֮صĲΣױ١
޳ԣԶʱǣڵж೤ʱ䣿
ǳƬ̣ŵԪ½ĿǰΣǧҡ
ֵ֮Уֻ٣Ҳܱ겻𣬵ʱֻҪͿˡȻڽܻصǧ硣
ǧꣿ޳ЦѣᵽǸСĶռ䣬ֻһ겻λɾʵǿɳĮ֮ܶڶأ
һǧǼ˰ɣ޳̾ʱֻ֮뾡ҵɾʸɳĮ֮޷ôãҪİ취ˡ
ɾʵǱס޳ʵƾԼ͹޷ȳġ
ǿֲ׷Լ뿪ֻʱЭȴܰװױ˶ԷԼ֡
ðɣҴӦ㣡޳Աǵ궯֮ǰҪҾȳɾ
û⣡û˿ԥЦɾͱˮϻӪ԰æ
ֳȳɾ֮Ҫ궯ҾƴһҲҵǸռ䣬ȥ
޳һû뵽ǻȷ϶ռĴڣ˼ڿЦֱǳв
£޳ֻɫģȳɾҾԲʳԡ
ȴһ׮£ǵԵüãЦսľˮǿʱǿȥ˰ɡ
޳д󶨣ΪҪоȳɾбҲǼΪѵģʽתȻֵɡ
󣬱ǵѸٵСΪһϵģֻ籡һƤ൱Ŀ顣
ģ֮󣬱ʩչ߶һ֮Լǰ𽥻һıС
ƣǳȵǵ͵ն˳ȥ޳ܵܵĿռ俪ʼ𶯣γɵŤ֮
ЩŤ֮Ƿǳǿ󣬽Ӵ޳֮󣬺ܿͱȥǵµĵطһСĿռѷ졣
޳ɻĿռѷ죬Ť֮ӿͨǽϿռ䡣
ѷʵ̫СֱŰ廹Ҫһ˸ߣ޳ǣҪѯʡ
ߺȻЦһޱεĵû֮ԡ
޳ԶԣЩΪһ˿ֲǱȴֻΪˮ·һСǵ״̬ʵ̫ȶˣһɱ׵ĿԣֻҲ΢΢
ٶȴ߶֮Ϊ˱ʧܣһ³֮Ϣɱ֮ںΪһ塣
ΣںΪһıԵøǿɢĺѷԲĺˮᡣ
ƣǳȵ߶ǰѱкݺݵն£ʱĿͻ䣬޳оԼ궼
ľȻĿµλãѾһһĿռͨŤ֮ӿƻռ䡣
˴ȻǳɹˣҲ̫ԵòôȻǳЩƵĽ֮ͣǰ͸¶ϢܵƷƣ껹ûлָ
ţ޳ͷʾ⣬ȴ̲סǣԱǴ˿̵״̬һˮҲΪ
ϣʱһ㣬ܴ߶֮ɣµ޳Ҳֻ̾ϢһռͨѾ򿪣Ҳûлͷ·ߡ
ʱռͨŤ֮γɵγǿжЩŤ֮ǰУƱҪĺܶ
޳ͱԭصһȵŤ֮֮󣬲С
ٶȳںͽϿռ䣬޳ĿռҪ֮ǰСܶ࣬ԲֻмʮķΧʶɵռ䡣
ָһ߽磬ͨˮĿռ߽磬ǿȥɡ
޳ͷ˲Ϣ֮˹ȥһ·Ť֮٣ȴûʲô콫
߽֮󣬱Ҫʩչ֮ƿռ䣬ˣλɡ
˵֮䣬ԵЩ
εĿ޳һۣջʽʱԼٴʧܣӶˣֻ̾Ϣһһԡ
߶ߵţɽն£ɵһ˴СĿռѷ죬һ֮ŶڿĵΪһ򿪷֮ڲĿռͨ
޳ЦĿǣȴֺߵѾ͸ƺԼΡ
һЦ޳߶ԴնܣסԼˮˣ֪û֣ڽȥ֮ǰҪСһЩ
ôôڣˮ֮޳ʱһƬڰ֮Уɻʵ
Ѿȡˡ̾ϢһεĽ͡
޳ͷû֣Ҳ޷ٲԴ֣Ѿ׷߶ɫ˫ͫ۲ܵĻ


1729 Ȫ
һ֮£޳ȷѾ׻ķϣͰˮ֮ͬΪˮȻûޱ޼ʵĺ
Ŀ֮вŤ֮ӿռҲָɢɢ鲻ֻںٵļȶ򣬲ҵһЩۼŵˮԴ֮
ЩˮԴ֮ҲǼΪС̺ܶʣ޷
޳εĶԸıǵȽϤɾӦñʲôط
仯ܿΪһ޴ıɽ޳Ҵȥɡ
޳ͷɵɽ֮ϣʱо˫·溮ޱȣ¶ԱǵΪɵɾ磬̻ǼΪۺġ
Ǳ㳯һٷУһ·ЩŤ֮ͣһƬѾݽߵ
ƬϿգһɫ͸а֮̾ƬȪϳϹȪһľȪɾӦþͱġ
޳һʵȪʲôãɫ֮ʱоԼĻ뿪ɵĵʵ
̾Ѷ̫ãаߵ꣬ͻǱ꣬Ȫʵһ겼õ󷨣мɱ
ְԼ˽һЩ˵˳Ȫе඼ѾΪеѾʧȥǣǵĻɢ۳ɾȪ
ЩȻһ˿ǵҲܵ󷨵ĿƣƽʱڻȪ֮У˴ɱ¾ɣܹģѾΪǿŤ֮ͻĽ
Щ޳ֻоͷƤ飬˵һֱȽİǽѷֱֻھþ͸̸ϡ
ЩȥҲΪֲԴ״̬ܻ֪ʩչĹʽ˺ߵ̶ֳȡ
ȻˣðһЩգȥɣԥƬ̣޳ᶨĵ
ãǴʱǺܽţ壬ЩƵһĵֿ
޳Ҫȥս֮ϵһȻˣǵ겻ǿ󣬿½ȥ֮ᱻɢ˵ļΪСģƺ
ŶԲҵһ㡣޳¶֮ɫ˵Ĵڣһ޶ԴޣȻǿȴӦҪС࣬ȷ깥
ɣǾﻤ˹Ҳǰҡ޳Ц
лˣ£һǲŷмĵ
˴ս֮䣬ԭ̬ͣ޳ΧҪȪıǺȻͣ£˷ųʶ
Ҫʲô޳ŭǵ꼫ΪǿһǸ޷ܡ
ԣܿʶջأ̾⼸ֻԴ޺ЩرǴʲôطץģ
޳һ㶣һԵĿռ䣬ȻǴԴвȴҪĸϺܶࡣ
ڶĪĵļɵ޳ֱ˵ֻ÷ܵĵԼƵġ
˵ţһĴȥһԼ
ƵġһǷǳĴܿ޳˼
ֻԣԲţųţֱӲ鿴˵ṹŭ޳ֻʱա
ţҸоǵǱǳ˵һ䣬㲻һǣɫ֮С
ոսӴıԵ޳͸оԼһһɼѹȸдѹ㱣ιȥ
Сģæܣס޳꣬ŽѹµĵǿĻ
ǴʱͬܣĻܺ͹Ĳͬڲͣ˸֮УżɢһǿҵϢҹյһ㣬ѺɫĶ
޳ĿűǵĻܣʵʲô֮⣬δʲôǿġ
ǵһЦȻǻ궯֮ôȲҪѧϰ˰ɡ
޳̾һʱδ֪Ķ̫࣬Զģ궯֮Ȼãǳʶˡ
˱ǵĻ궯·ܵѹҲܿǱ㴩˺ɫһտĿռ䡣
ɫѹС࣬޳ųʶ鿴ȴķͷϷžǺӵ
ÿһĺ֮Уޱ𺳵ĹǺ֮·ܹ͸꣬޳æ񣬲ûбӰ졣
̾ȪȪѾ뿪ˡ
ʲô޳ιȥ̶ֳȵѹƣȻǾȪԼʱȪ¸ûаϣȳɾ
޳ϸĹ۲ǾŵȪǵķֲǳŹ֣˴֮䶼һ㣬͸а֮Ϊ
ĵλãǾȪͬʱ㣬γһޱȵĿռ䣬ȻûͶκϢ
𣿡޳ָָȪ֮ɻʵ
ǳֱӹȥĻ󷨵ķƣʱֻͬʱӻȪгΧȪԼҲ޷
㣡ֶ޳ǿȣֻмֻҲ֮ͱܣȻ֮ڣԱ֤겻𣬵Ҳܳȥˡ
޳ɫһ䣬Ҫ˵ôֲȻҴҽһ֪ƽ󷨰ɡ
ǹһЦĵȻȪһĻ궯ѾãǲӦԵĻͱˡ
ˣˣôȥģ޳Щĵʱ򣬱ǻҫʵڿȥ
⣡ǵȻһ䣬ŵĵҵ걻ԻˣСģ
ʲô޳һ㶣æĴ鿴ȴûиӦκϢɳôûз֣㲻ƭҰɡ
˵ġȻ̾ϢһҵĻܸղűʮ˿סҲǸո
˵ţµĵ޳ѻ˿ջȥסԼ꣬Ҫǿơ
޳æջػ˿סռ䣬ʱжϺϵ
ʶռ֮󣬺Ȼڿռǲ䣬ڲشϢϸߺʲôֹٶȱޱȡ
ʱ޳㾯ٿػ˿ռ棬ϸ۲еһϸߣŦ֮Ѿ˹ĺɫ
⣡޳Ȼռ˽ⲻ࣬ȴҲ֪ЩŦҪǱԼϵһʲô⣬Լͺ뿪
£޳߶˿ͼȥЩɫ
ոնһϸϵĺɫ֣ߺȻһֲ꣬ɭ˫ĿԼ


1730 δ
޳״һ꿴ȥΪСҲûʲôƺѾȴܹж
æ߶˿͵ش꣬ߺȻһըԼٶȲϵĳռı߽硣
⣡޳һЩԼԲǽԼռ䣬ȫ߶˿ȥЩ
Щٶȼ죬޳Ի˿ƿأ׷ϵģܹ׷ϣҲĶ㿪
ҿڶ࣬ͬʱͬһռı߽磬տʼʱ޳Ļ˿ֻҪ͵һɨܻ
ЩӴ֮޳ŷǼֱСĺһһͻữΪޡ
ǵѻĲˣµֿʼ֣ʣĻѾٸǵССѲ޳Ļ˿ȫٴ߶Ҳ׷ϡ
ЩҲԼռ߽磬޳Ųôģ˰춼޷ɾ֮󣬱Ҳҵĳײ
ⳡսֻ޳߽һСķΧУѾеƣٿطããĻϸ߶ɫסȴǺް취
ģ޳ռ𽥱ɫһҧʱǳ걻׷֮ǰȳȥΡ
ʶ޳ۿȥѾıסЩĵ޳ѹˡ
ô£ԣ޳æʵ
ղǱֻ͵ϮЩɥҿڹؼʱ˷֮ŰǵЩ̾
޳ŷģ뵽ԼռЩɫֲĵҵռ챻ɫˣûа취
ʲôһ㶣ĵܰЩɫµĻûκʶôȥ㣿
ţ޳³ԻֵڲϵĶҵռ䣬ܿҾҪʧȥϵˡ
ȥ˵
ųһţ̽޳֮УͬʱҲ޳ʶ˽ȥ
ٴλصռ䣬޳ڿռ磬Ѿ˹Ļ룬ϸĹ۲߽Щϸߡ
ô޳߶˿ɹȥŹǵʵ
ЩӣüͷЩѾȴûɢҵˡ
޳ЩߴǰҵҪױˡ
ǺǣȻ̧ͷŹֵĿ޳ЦѾŪˡ
ţ޳ɻĿŶԷʵô£
̾ЩĻӵͬϢǲ㣬ȴûֱӹ
ʲô޳һ㶣ԼǰսҲǽվԳһ壬ȪѾ˲֪꣬нվԳ걻УѵĻϳԼѪϢɣ
Լɻ˵ҲǲĵҶԻҲǺ漰ıԴ⣬ֻּܽ͵
޳ʱΣĿŲϲԼϸߵĺɫǰҵˣҲðҵռɡ
Ա˫Ŀƺ˼ʲô֮ٶۣȻ˿ҲԿЩķӦ
ʲô޳һܹΪл˿ӣл˿أҲʧȥ˺ϵ
޳ԥǿ걻֮󣬾ѺϵȨ֮£ѡ˹Ľ顣
¶ģ޳㻺Ŀ˿жǺϵ̷ǳʹ࣬Ҳ׳
Ϊ˺ͻ˿ѾָΪ˿ϸߣÿһΪһСľͻѡ
ڵĿռ֮У޳ΪΣգΪ˾ǿжһ˿Ѿ˲С˺
ȻΣЩվû̫Ķ⣬޳ǾСĽУһѻ˿
Уʱ·üΪ޳ǿȲͬʱеĻϸ߽пƣֻĽС
ÿһ˿ǱָΪϸߵģҪȫ룬Ҫʱֱһֲ
֪˶ã޳Űѵڶ˿ĳʱѾƣֻʱֹ̡ͣ
ڣռ˿ٶȥЩɫȴûʲôӦڲϵĲԼ߽ϵĻϸߡ
취веͨ޳̾һԹʵ
Ҳûʲôգ˿ĻЩǲȫϳġε̾
ðɣȻˣ޳ҲѡֻüԵ˿֣֮һʹĹ̡
ǧ࣬ڼҪѵ˿ȫʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬޳Ӧһĺ
ţͣ£ȥЩϤϸƬ̣ŻȻиͺڿຣֻǿһģһ
£޳ɻ͸Լѵûȥ
𣿡޳̽ͨ˿
һд޳ĸУȷϲغѵû
ңѾˣ֮󣬴֮УŶ϶ĴһΪ
޳ʱɻȷںԼ˵ԷڣΪҪ˵ԼѾˣ
ʵܲ˵һЩ̫
ٶҪӵĳٻ޳˰ʱ˵Ļҵ֮ʶδλһ߲ʵ֮СҵΧݣеıҴٱеĺһСÿݶڲϵС֮УЩÿһʱ䣬ͻһСݡ
˵Щø΢޳ȴѾˡ
Ѿ飬ĳ˿ȴһʽԼȻֽΪѣҲһΪ𾪵顣
޳ʶЩ߲ݻԼԺĹؼٶȺϵ
ǣ֮ǰ޳Ǿİæ˳İѻ˿ѳϸߣֻһ֮ȴǼѰ쵽
֮£޳ֻöԹ죬ҵĻ˿ֽɻ˿ϸߡ
ʲôһ㶣ɻĵ𺦻˿ΣΪҪ
Ӹղ޳֪ѾڼΪΣյľأҲֱͣӺԺϸ˵
˫ĿĶ޳ڻ̾Ϣһõķһţǿд޳ռ䡣
Ļεİ޳˿һɼΪǿܿһΪ
̷ǳʹ࣬޳ȴӣ죬һҵĻ˿ֳʱˡ


1731 
̾ǻ൱ʹ࣬ܳܵס𣿡
޳ҧֵĵڹ˲ôˣٴʹ࣬Ҳô
ðɣ֮£ֻô߶ţǿĻ˿ֱӰ޳Ļ˿
ʱ޳ֻеһʹòںΪһĻ˿ٶȱ˺ѣڶ̶̵ʱڷֽϸ˿Ļ˿ϸߡ
ǿվηֽĻ˿ϸߣкܶոճΣɻɢռ䡣
ܹģֻвǧ˿ϸߣ޳Լ״̬̾ɣ㿴ЩɫҪǳ׶ҵռ䡣
˿Ҳʶ޳ҪһΪҪ£Ȼ׾ʲôǺܿģ㾡ȫȥҪ£Щɫһʱơ
йػԼռ䣬޳ȫ߶˿ϸߣٶȺĻںϡ
һ˿ϸߺͻںϣ޳ٶ
ʱô΢ͻһһִģ޳һӻһ߼Щ֣µϢ
ҸռʱҴ߲ݣҷ֮еİʶеûУЩʶģ֮Ե÷ǳ˷ܣѸٳ
һʼһô£ֻǾñЩǳܣֱһȸݶһݹЩС֮󣬺Ȼ̽һЩĹܵܿʹ̴Щݣ֮еʶҲһǹ֣ܵЩʶǳʹࡣ
֪ǸʱҲžԭͬǿʳԭ򣬴ݻ᲻ϵСģ֮СĵĻֻᱻɡ
ҿҵʶڵݱȽ⣬ӵɫʣľٴҲӵ֣ʱûиɫʲôԿ϶ɫԽ࣬ԽѱɣҲܻڡ
ʱ޳Ѿ˿ϸϣʱȻԵþޱȣ⣬һ߲ڹңҡ
ô㣿޳ҪѯʣȻо֮дһɾ޴ʶ֮С
֮޳ʶ·һͨûиоκϢĴڣֻһƬޡ
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ã޳ٶܹʱȴԼѾһ߲֮С
ʲôطָоǳ⣬ʶʵһ㣬ԸܵݵıĤԼ
̽ȥĤȻһϤĺҪ
ţ޳ʶѭȥȴһŲģһֿԼķԼԭҲͬһģҪСࡣ
޳ǿģ̽ʵ
ţǿ£ɻĵôģ
Ҳ֪޳ЦһղźȻоһɾ޴ҵʶ㱻һ֮ͨŬĽ͵
ҵͬ̾ҵ֮ͳ
Ȼһ⣬Ҳ²ⲻ֮磬ʶ᲻飿
޳ԣҲľѣæҾԲܱһҪ취ȥ
˵ţݵıԵȥĤ
ҪΣգæ㱡ĤܴĻǰ顣
ôأ޳ε˻ޱȳصĿʱԼһѾһŲģȴֶȫµ֪١
Ȼ޳͸߲⿴ȥֻкٵļݣ֮ɫģҲֻ֡
ղŲ˵һ߲ڹ𣿡޳ɻĶʵ
֮ǰڵ߲ݺȻҵʶҲʱԣѹ֮󣬾ͳˡ̾
ԭˣûΣգ޳Ҳʱ޷ûɹݣ
ԿЦһһ֪ôܣȻ޷ɡ
ЩĵһȥӴ˼СݣȻܴǵıĤһЩάڵ״̬
Ŷ޳˿߲ݵıĤֻĻˣҲǿһ̶ȣȻͻܡ
ЦҲΪ֮ǰڵĿռǿ̫࣬һֱҶﵹͦʵġ
޳ԣԼԶһݣҲһȻģ֪ǿǴʲôطģ
û취֮̾⣬һûҵĽķʽ
һ˵޳ݣȻ۴Сжֻһġ
֣޳̾ΪΨͬʱģ֮ǰƵ𣿡
Ҳһѣһûʶ״μ
£޳ûмŶǿݶ֣תԼ⡣
˵ݵĿռ䣬Ӧ磬еɫСк𣬵һͬ㣬Ǿ֮лûģֻһģûĹ
޳ԭ򣬴źԼϵйأȻ飬ȴ͸ԼԼĻ˿
۵ȴڴǧ磬㲻ʲôģ͸㣬طɵ޷һеĻǻǿӶ˵Ҳǳ¡
޳̾Ȼˣǿ϶ԭһ߲֮ˡ
޳ּ裬ԷƷ磬֮ǰеļʶʧȥãûбȽϵĿܡ
Ȼ߲ݵıĤһ£͵һãС
ʲô޳æĤȻ֮ǰҪСһЩ̶ֳȼΪԲԪ½޳޷ڵһʱӦġ
ֵǣ֮ȴޱȵĸݵĴСȷ˼Ϊϸ΢ĳ̶ȡ
뵽޳Ȼҷһ⣬ҵʶޱǿĻӦѾɼɡ
һ㶣ϸһȻĲҪȴǧ绹Ҫ߼֪Ϊ֮ǰδѵ
Ȼɫһ䣺ѵԺֻԶı֮У
޳ʱȻͬʱ뵽⣬ܴȥǧ粻ûκδš
ǿԼҰοҪ뿪ǳѣвһû
ʱŽԸ˰ɣַʽʲôȤԡ


1732 ʶ
ʱ˺ȻһŹֵЦǶʱɫһ䣬˵⻹״޳֮⣬˵
޳˵򴿴ǱŵǸ֮Լһָо·Լ֮ǰǸ˷ǳϤԷԼĸоһΪѲļһ
ھڵ߲ݲԶĵطȻһŲģǿĿûʲôرģΧȻûݴڡ
ܿ죬ǿľ޳ڵ߲ԱߣݵıĤŵöһɫ䡣
ǿĵ߲ݵıĤ΢еĵطһ˿ѷ죬ƺʱƿ
ס֣ŭһĻлع̲ס
٣Сӣǿĺĺأŭ֮󣬷ΪЦȴҲֹͣ˶ݵ
ʲôˣ޳ӦĵϢŬѰԼʧȥļ䣬ȴģһƬʵ
ûǿЩŭ˵
Էеŭ޳ֻеЩεĵУҸո磬ôʶ㡣
ǿĺȻ̾ϢһпĵСӻİˣ
߲ݷ˼Ȧ·ڹ۲ʲô޳Ųѣܹж֪ʵѾһµĳ̶ȡ
ҿƺûʲô⣬ڹ۲߲ݵʱ򣬲δٶ޳ⱣԼ߲ݿʱƿʱͲ֪ʲôΣˡ
е鷳ǿ֮ͣЩΪѵ˵
ʲô鷳޳ԽԽоԼ֮ǰദܳʱ䣬ѾϤޱȣƺǳ׽ȴޱȾη
ٺ٣ҪСӣǿٶûûεЦ˵㱻ȾĻرأֵһ¡
һ£޳̲סѻ죬ѵҪ𣿡
飡δ䣬Ȼоһɾ޴ϣĶʱҵһܵʹ
޳̲סʹŭҪʲô
ȻһղŵһȻҵʹ࣬ʶӵ
ңʹ֮У޳ᵽһϤĸоƺû˿ķУһЩζС
⵽ô£޳뵽
ǲаǿĵһΪʧ̾Ϣһ޳Сӵ͵˶ô䵽ӣ
ٷϻ޳ȻаЦϲģٲҾȳȥļƻԼȥɰɡ
£޳ȻסղŵķӦȫǳʶܣԼĿơ
ʱæѵ޳״̬ԣҪĵ
ţ޳ģղҺһˡ
ٺ٣ǿĴʱٶȵЦеõѾ쿪ˣ
˵ţ޳Ȼ⵽һɾҵĴεʹҪ֮ǰǴλҪҲܲסʶһƬհ֮С
߲֮У޳ֹͣǿŭ޳ʲô
һССɣҲҶҴУǿĵƺȻ֮ü͵ŭһ
ŭ·ЯһޱȰֻһ֣ʶ̲סҵĲܿҲ޳һ֮С
ͽ㿴ֻؽ綼ʶʲôѣľҪǸҶˣҲιȥǿĿ̾һε
ֶ߲ܵЩݺιҹ
ƺĳħЩ֮еıڷٵܣ֮󣬺Ȼͣ£ԭ·ء
ܿ죬Щݾ;ۼ߲ݸ֮ǰ޳Իǿ˲Ϣ֮䣬ȻͬʱЩݵԱߣ͵̽һܣֱӰеոɾ
Ƭ֮󣬳޳ڵ߲ݣЩݱ㶼ȻһգֻʣһɫıĤͣԶ
ʱǿĲЩǲҪȥĵѹһˣٺ٣
޳ڵ߲һ䷨߲ݽʧȥɫ󳹵ױ͸е޳Ҳʧ
ͽ˯һɣҵ㹻취㿪ϡǿĳ˵Ȼʧ
޳ھҵʹѹԼѾһƬ׵Ŀռ䣬ռķΧ󣬺ڶķࡣ
ʲôط޳ʹʼ۲ԼȴķԼѾΡ
˿̵òȴ֮ǰȫͬһΪݵӣɫԵЩڣ˫Ŀų˵ľ⣬Ȼ¶һֹ龫ֵЦ⡣
⻹𣿡޳弫ΪӦ֮ǰߵͰԵ·ߣȻ֮һС˵۾ɸʤһȴҲԭ֭ԭζȻ
޳ܿͲپڴˣﾳ۷壬ٶٶ죬ơ
֮ǰ޳Ը⣬ȫ԰ԼһȫͬȻҲֻı仯ڵľԻᱣԭ
ڸĵģԼ壬̬Ͼûʲôı䣬ΪҪġ
£޳һ̽ͷ֮˰죬ȴ˿ûиӦﾭĴڡ
Ѿˣ޳̾һֳԴ߶˿ûʧĺá
֮ǰ޳ܴ߶˿ȵ˾Ȫֻʣ²ȱȫ
Ǵ˿̣޳߶˿һȻ֮һɰޱȵĻϢɢȥѸٵĲռ䡣
޳ķ֣ɰϢ֮УȻ̺ΪԾĻЩûһȫͬϢ
ô£޳ԡԼͷųĻռУʵ
ڴǧԪ½ֻͽѾѵһļƷ޳˵Ӧ֮ˡ
ռ䣬ȴȻ֮֮ǰãʱռ֮еĻ˵мڣÿһЯͬϢ͵ָ֮óΪ֮
ǵˣ޳ͷų԰ڵĻ֮󣬲ûиеһ˿ƣʶӵԾ
˿̼ܹͬʱڻӦͬһʱ̣ʶھһ֮УĽǶȹ۲ռ䡣
ֶԻƿؼѾĳ޳а¾׺ԵּߣҪһҲɡ
ǣƬռ޳·ޱǿһ޷ǾǶԻá
ģֻǸӦЩĴڣߴǵĽǶȹ۲ռ䣬ȴ޷κһĻ򵥵Ĳٿء


1733 ֮Դ
ǧǿǳ㷱࣬Ѻˮ˰Ƶ
޳䴦Ʈÿռ䣬޳Ʋÿռضǧǧ˿޳˿˿ƹӨ֮޳ɵ壬ڹ֮޳ü֮΢΢һɾ޴ӿ
̼䣬޳ԭ֮ȻâʤɫâΧռȥɫâӴÿռɲһĪ˻֮аһǿ޳Ĥ֮һ˺Ѱʹ޳Ȼѡ
޳ʹ֮Ȼ߶Ƕȹ۲죬ֻʱռһ㣬֮ƬƬۻƸոմˮϴӳһ࣬ɫ꽥֮Уһ۹ӳ֮ϡ
ֻǣ۹ƶ֮ʱ޳Ϲ⾹۹Ȼȥǿҵײԭͻأ͸ֵѺۣϹǹ֮ڲһ˻һΧռȻȥ
˺գ޳֮һĨֶȻջػϷ֮޳ǰȻʧ
˺գһϹ紫˵еĹŷֹŷѾ󣬾޳ֹ֪ŷһʩչ˲пռ䡣
ֻ޳ԾԼռڼܲκλܲݻʹʱԼһ㣬⡰˺աӺζ
޳֮ʱԭʤϹȻô۰׹⣬׹һͷ֮ʧӰ٣ոϹ޳ʱָֻ̬üĴһ״ռɢ˿˿ӡڼһ㡣
ռγ֮ʱһ޳ԭ˵Ļ˿޸޳ֻһӴԼھѡ
ѵ޳һϲǾϲ֮޳ʶȻһ˯ȥһɲдʶռ޳
ȻһˬʵЦ޿ռһǴ
дʶռ޳һоޱϤֽǰ޳۹ɨȥһƬɷ׵Ŀռ֮⾹ûһˡ
ϹԳ徹ȻΨһĸԴ˼޵Ŀռƶǻʵޱȡ
β˵޳΢΢˵ţо⾹ڿռһǡ
޳ʶҵԳҿˡɷвӵĵȴǲΡ
оƾһ岻ڵܹҵ۾޳˵üӡ΢΢һһϹϹ֮ϸƮռ䱻һǡ
֮Ȼ˸ֻ֮һѾϹƣҲá
޳΢΢̧峺иֳһĨصǳЦ
û뵽ܱ㷢֡ڨЦ˵һΡ
ÿռһҾͷĴڡ޳˵
ȻˣǾ͸Ҹʹ죬ɱҰɡÿռڻûǵӵ˵
ɱ㣿ڣҸлػء޳ɡ
лңΪҲ֪㲻޳ֻ޳һɱѾõʶˡ˵˻֮΢΢Գ֮⣬Լǰռ޳Ķ˵ֱ
Ȼ֪ô࣬Ȼ֪ҲͲ㣬߲ûһ治þѣ߲ˮݻļһʱͻų֮ųǣûеϹŹ꣬ҾϹŹѵϹ֮ꡣ޳ν˵š
֪߲ݵѿڶĻôʱ޳оĺܺЦȷе˵ռ޳Ϲ֮оܸЦ
û뵽֮ɼô׳գ߲֮ԴϹҾϹ֮Դһ᲻֪޳ֳһ˿˵
֮Դѵǡ˲佩޳ʶȻϹ缶ܸߣû뵽Ȼߵ˵ز
֪Уα˵δ˵޳ֹĻ
ϹֻǶϹŴ½Ϊڵ翴ǼֱǶħҶɢȻǰһ¡Խ˵ԽʹҲҪ֪һ㡣
˵޳ƽ˵
ΪʲôϹĲ˳޵磿ֱһֵ˵
ܼ򵥣ֻڻ֪ʱû˵Ҫ㲻õطԪ½ǰҪܼ򵥵顣޳֮ͫһĨŭŭǧĻԹֻŭʧûз
˻֮ԭӲͬһˮϴĳһû뵽Ȼӹһ٣طԪ½
ʲô飿ԭϹķŭȻʧǰԵ㱻ֵܾ¡
޳˵һƬ֮Ŀ
⣡Ȼš
˳߲ԼŰ죬Ԫ½кܶȤء޳ζ˵
ʱ沿һָ֮ɫ
ˣ޳ʵ
ʱ˵沿֮ɫͬ⣬˴ջҲκξܾɡ
⡭ԥ˵
ǺǣûҪȰ룬ҪȻĺѿϲľǳûȡ֮ˡ޳ݺݵ˵һǿҵĻɢ
纮һϮʱоǧѨһ㣬ԭԼݺ˨סɫȻһɫ۳֮ϣȫڹߵĽȻ
ͬ⡣ǿ沿Ѿͨ죬֮ƺҪһ㣬ǿӬ֮
Ͷˣ˵ͿٵƤ֮ࣿΪΪȺ֮ĥľӡ޳˵оǳЦ
˵䣬޳Ӷԭ屶ĥоһ泩֮д
δʱӦֻ޳ü֮ɫвһ˿˿ͬСһβܵƮɫںӴһ˲˿˿ȫпȻǹ߱ļޱȴľѪҺʽλá
ԭֻʣ˲оȫռһ㣬һĸоһʱѣ֮УϹĴߣԭɫྐྵȻɰɫһޱȱ뺷ĻǣϹüȥ
һϹüļһ֮Ϲ⻺ʧüļȴǶһӡǣӡ޳üļӡƣֻü֮¶һˮա
⣿̧ʵ
ǻ֮Դ԰֮ĻȻǰκһʱ򡣡޳˵֮ʲô
ǣҸоһ֮Сԭ˵Ļ˶֮˵˳


1734 ޳
֮Уû뵽㾹Ȼܲ޳Ծȵ˵
ѵʲôȻµõط̫֮ǿңԼò̫ɻ治ˡ
̫ģոֻҵĻͨģϹ֮򵥵ĺ˵Ǵʱʱٻҵ˵֮Һ֮һԼ֮˵ȥûոմӦҵ飬Ļǽ뱱ڤ֮Ԩ޳ں𽥱¶һ˿˵
ȻӦ㣬ûɱ㣬ҵҲϣʱһʡε˵ʹԼķŭޱȣأЩܹԺ⡣
ʲô£޳ص
ӪԿո˵޷֮ǰ˵ĽôԺΣϹֻ֮ʲôʵ
ܵͲҪʣ֮±ضи˶ϡ޳ȻǱĻＤŭ֮ͫо̱˳
ȻƲһǷֻһɱӡǿʱǵأ㣬ôвһ˿ӣǱϻװƽ˵˳
㲻Ҫʣ䱻ӡһ޳һֵģȻʶ޳Ӱ첻̫󣬵ֻҪҷ޳ǻῼǵģһ˼һԼԺбĳ뷨ỳǱ˵뷨𣿡޳˵
Ȼ˵ҲͲ̫࣬Ϲ뵱粢̫ͬ˽飬ȥƤ֮֮࣬һᾡȥǡ޳ص
޳΢յͷҪȥˣɹ֮һάġ
˵ʱҽԼǡ޳üļӡһʧ˵
޳ӡʧͬʱüӡҲȥ
ʱ޳̬ƽСһ㣬΢΢պϣ˫ϥ֮ϸոյʧȡ֮һƽ̬֮
޳ʶѣѸٵ״̬޳κ
ֻ֮Ȼһ˿ɻ벻ΪʲôϹǼ¡
ã޳ָ΢΢һ΢΢һĨǳϹ⳹ȥ
Ϲ⳹ȥ֮޳΢΢˫ǿҵĿռ׹⾹޳оһӦ˫̧ǰ
Ƭ֮޳΢΢˫ۣĴʱ޳ͬոһ㣬ԭ˫۾Ȼһ˿ʡ
ˣ޳Ĵ֮ʱһֻ޳оƺԷѾ֪Լڴʱѡ
΢΢޳ȥֻһԼһɾ֮⣬ӿȥΪᣬѩ׵ļգɫһ֮ɢֻȶ侹Ȼ¶һ˿֮Уǿ⽫֮ȥ
ǣ޳˵òеİǶ˵ϢȴǸоޱȵϤֻΪòԵһʱȷȷеݡ
˸ƤҾͲʶˣ˹˵
޳΢һ֮ѿڶ
ˬЦмһ˿̫ǿҵĲԭˬЦ˿졣
޳üԼ½粢һգԵĲ޳ġ
ܺþûӵйӦ˰ɣԵʱҾһֱӦ壬ȴҲǰĸо޳ͻȻһ˿̽͵
ⷬͣ޳ǱȽŵģϾֻ߲ʽڣȻӵлûӦڷϳ
ôҲռ䣿ͺ޳Ȼ顣
ȻǸ˴ġػص
˵ǰݿռڳֵǹǿ޳ͬȻһʵ
ǣʲôռ䣿޳ʵʱ𣬸ովȻûϹʲôռ䣬ôȥ
Ҳ֪紳ôó˶֮⣬ûʲôˣ˵֪ռ֡޳ε˵
ǽռ˺飿޳ʵ
˺飿Ȼܹܣȴ޷ٿһ˿޳ε˵űϥ
޷ݻʵһʱܹٿػҸоȹȥǿʢһϲ֮ӿͷϹ˵ĹȻûԼĻ٣˾ϲǾȻܵˡ
沿ϲı޳δ̫⣬ϾڶĲٿػӦ׶Σ˭Ҳ֪ǲ˼
ұ߲ôʱ淢ʲôûУһתʵʱΪռΪĲʵ⣬ΪոϹ˵֮¡
޳ʱ˵һ飬ƣ˵⣬ġ
ʱ޳˾޳ΪĶʳ˷ǣ˵ǺҪϢȫʡȥԼȥ֮˽ⲿ֮µʱ䡣
֮ʱɫռȻ𶯣ԭϥȻбĵȥ
˫ֽӴһ˲䣬˱ȻԸоõ澹ȻֵѺۣȻۼѲ˿˿ƽ֮ȴ˫ִԡ
˶һۺѸȻѴ֮Ȼ޳ǿס塣
ֻ޳˫ּγӡᣬӡֻ֮޳ɢɵ˿Ĵȥʱ޳֮ȻԾΧ״ࡣ
ǻ֮˿ÿһ޳沿һĨ֮顣
ã޳ջأһ־ӿա
ôˣ޳ı֪ĸ벻
ǲû뿪߲ݣɫռֻǿΪ˱ݱ¶֮ɫȥʵһֱ֮ڡ޳˵
ǲ죬ѿڶѵϹ֪ݣ֪ΪθոյĻ͸¶һѾ뿪֮⣿
˵ʲô޳Ŀʵͣ޳δ֮ʲô
ûûʲôֻںΪʲôѾȥᱻ֣Ѳⲿ֮Ǹǿ޳ԼΪ濪˵
ܳʱûзиǿݳ֣޳ʵ
Уż֣Ѿûй󣬶Ǵ֮壬ȥһ㣬ÿĴײײֱ֮һǱ﷢ҲᱻյʱҲԼ޳ĴʮΣնŵ˵
ѵûֹ޳ɻʵѰϣһ㡣
ֻǻδڣȻһ£ֻ֮һ֮Ҫ͸ռʳ޳ˡ


1735 һ
˼״Ȼ󾪣һռ֮ڣ˾ⲿ帹֮
˳ռܺͿռײɲǣǿռһγֹѺۼԭĵ״ۼʱѱ֩һɢ
ٿԭ֮ʱȻɺɫɫˮһ͸ӨɫռײһɫռһǾ˺ɫ
ɱ䣡Ȼ֡
޳沿ȻŤ
ɱ֪һɷɷû˿в̸֮ɫĹֹԽʴԲʴݾͿԽеյŽ͵
ûпƽİ취޳ֻ˸ţѾ֪ⱻɱĹ
Ҳ֪Ҳǹ͵Ȼͼ𣬵Ҳ߲ȥ޷Ӵ޳ص
޳ԭŵǿȥ޳״ʱҪҪһ򶨵ġ
ɫռڽıɺɫ벻취޳Ļ
ڴʱֻüһᣬ·ոҡڵȻᶨһ㣬˫ּٱ䶯һӡвӡ֮ʤһƴӿռ䶥һ㣬ⱼͻȻɫڿƬ֮ΪԲļת
ת֮һ罫ǰڷڷ΢΢ڶһ˫峺¶˳һ΢̧ͷת֮
ֻǱת֮𽥳һȦԲκۼۼձĽںԲκۼ֮ڣԲ֮
֮Բ֮ԭ֮ȻѾȫռݡ
ԲѾȫ䣬ӡɣӡͬһ㣬ֻСָף糽ǣֻĴߴԲƮȥ
СͰԺԲ۽Ӵһ˲䣬ԭתԲȻֹͣһԲǰ԰ߵԲ֮ڣȻĽԭԲ۵˲ɰ״塣
һĨЦֹԼһʩչȴɹ֮С
δȱɢȥ˫̤أ˫΢΢ȻֱһǿĻͷ״ȥ֮
ɫǺɫܽӴһ˲䣬ɫƺһȻջء
⣿޳Ŵʱʱ޳֪һʲô޳ֹֻĽ϶γɵġ
ݿռûʱоһֹû֣һʩչû뵽Ȼáϲ˵ǺȻƭ޳ΪֹϹֻ֮⹦ʲô治֪
޳δ˵ֻƺе⡣
ǻϲ֮࣬ȻɫռȻһȥ
˵۹ǿռ䶥ȥֻոջصһҵĽֻνܿİ״塣
״ʲôͼٵļӿ죬ǰ״һ˿˿ѣ֮ǰ״徹ȻɢҲͬʱŷѡ
ʱǺɫÿνӴɫռڶᱻɫ׵С
ɫܶɫռη֮в˿ϲá

һŭ֮ɫռⲿⲿĺɫѾԷŭ
⹦ǽԼ޳ʵ⹦ʩչԼ޳Ƭ֮Ϊѵľء
ɫݼɫռھȻ˱뺷ĻһʱϲܹռɣôԼĻкܴԼԼǧʱ䣬⼫ջúɫݲյ뷨
뷨֮Ǻɫ˺ѳһӣһ㣬޿ſ֮ʱһǿĻ޿г֡
ɢͬʱһ˿˿˿˿ȻǰɫռסڲƵͬʱһɫռ仺ԼС
޳ʱоһԭλȶİɫռ侹Ȼһ˿˿λ֮С
ѵɫҪգ沿ϲһʧ
޳ûΧһУֻ޳˿ⲿռչʱ˿ȻͬεˮɢȥʱȻһ㲣һ㡣
ô޳ʵ
֪ΪΣҵĻ˿ӴⲿʱȻ޳ε˵
ֻһܣǺɫݽΧһˣû˿֮޿ֱ֮ɣû˿Ļᡣ˵û˿Ρ
ѵĻһֳص֮ɫ޳沿
ǰɫռȻһƶǺɫ޿ͬڶһȴŰɫռԼ£
ʱƣǰɫռѾ޿ڴߣǾ޿һ˻˻֮ɫĳ¶þ޿ΧĿ
޿ڽӴɫռһ˲䣬ɫ޿ڻȥ޿һʱ˿˿ŤӰһڿƯ
ֻ֮Ǿ޿ȻȶӾ޿ڲǿ˼֡
ԶԶȥ޿Ѿɫռһ룬ɫռ֮һѺ۲Ѻ籡һ㼴飬ȥ°ɫռȫΪƬɫ޿ڶɡ
ɫռһѿͬʱǺɫ޿ڵ״Ҳ̫ãǰ״ҵɢ׵磬ɫ޿֮һɳɢȥǺɫݵѸٵıСţֻɫռڵĻ̫ջɫðʧΣҲҪɫռɵ
ںɫݼ֮ʱȻоƱͳһ£һɾҵʹúɫݵĶ˳ٻ
סڣںɫݸоʹ֮󱳺Ȼ
ǣۿҪɹɰɫռĺɫĿͣס
䣡
һ죬ͬʱһںɫݱǿȻԭѾһİɫռӺɫݿ˳
ɫһͺԭɹɾȻֹɫȻѾŭ˼㣬Ȼתһž޿űϮԼ˻
Ǻɫݱǽ޳߲ݣ߲貵Ĺâͣھ޿ǰ
Խˡ߲ݵ˵
Խ磿н𣿡ɫݴŴ˵ȻոܵĹС
Ѿ˵ԼģҲȥһᣬͳûˣ߲ݲ˵
û룿ռκεطֶһ㲻뱻ɾ͸ҹɫ˵
ôĿ÷ϻˣɫռȹء߲һĨ̳
ʲôҺ֮һвҵĻԳƺ֮ν˵ʵһԵִǺ֮滺֮ƣɰɫռ֮ܵѾĴ㹻ʱϢ
ǣ߲ݻ


1736 ֮
߲Ȼ֪֮Ϊ˻ָԼĻǴʱ߲Ҳûаٷ֮ٵİս֮ܣ˵ָ֮ˡ
߲ݼ֮ײȥ֮ٸһû뵽߲ԼϮ
ݿռܹϮ֮˻ûУݿռ乲ĸȼ֮ȼ߲㡣
߲ȴǴڵڶ㣬Ȼǵȼ𲻴󣬿ʵȴ֮ʱȻˣԸ߲ݻаյġ
֮дǵ
ֻ֮Ǻɫһźγɣһ˿ŤźǿǺȻγһϣһǽ㽫߲ǽ֮⡣
߲Ȼǽֻ赲ԼĽʵǽҲйҹǿ
ڿռ伫ٷе߲ݴʱȻֹͣһ߲ϳԼǰ߲ɢ貵ĹââˮͣȻǺɢڻȥ
ԶԶȥռڣ߲ݺͺɫݷֱ߲֮ͺɫ֮ƴ˫ڵȴһὫԷһܡ
ǲ㽫øˣ֮ʵ
Ѿ˵زʲô˵ģҵݿռʵ׶ǿ߲һ˳
ôĿУɫ˵ţʱĺȫԼԣں֮ǺɫоһѸٵţÿһ˿ǺĺȾȻһ֣ǰŨڲȻӨӨ⣬ƺ˳
߲ݼ״ͺһǱһȻϮһ㣬ڵͺ߲֮ݱֳһ˿̬ȣֻ߲ʹʤʹγ߲֮Χʿһˮţ֮ɢ֮֮Ʈ֮Ʈ֮ʱ徹ȻҺΪˮΡ
ˮڿռ£߲ɫϿգ߲ɫڲǣһ˿˿ȻҲ֣߲֮⽫ǵµˮβĽ˰
֮ǻ˿ˮ֮ϳ˳ȥֻǴʱٿˮξɱУһ߲ΧǱڹâҫҲ𵭵Ĳʹ⡣
߲ݴ߶ΧıŤⲿֶɫݡ
ʱݿռǿĻΧһУѾȫķˡ
ʱͻȻоһֲ֮¼ǵʵǸû취ֹģǣʱڲһݺˡ
ݵݺάԴȪǱݵǱǴ߶ݺ˵תҲᵼһԵʧҲ˵һ˲ʧȥĿܡ
ݺǲģһûݺ˵ıܻǡ
ɫݺ߲ݵĶŻڽУĶУһɹ֮ڿռ޼ɵߣǻ֮һ㡣
ֻǵ쫷紥ɫݺ߲γɵĽᾧʱ쫷ֱӱɵ
߿ΧһУʱ߶˸ոյļ꣬תһɳš
ǳϮͻȻ߲һ
ķǱ֮һ߲֮ⷺ𣬷â֮ǱǱһ˳ȥ
лƿռ֮һ糤ڰ
ٿ֮ǰ͸ĿھȻֵĺۼһƱƮ
ռűĲ¶Ȼ½ƴʱǱڤ֮Դһ㣬ɫֻоӭһϺ֮δü룬ֻں֮ǽⲿȻС
úɫȻһû뵽ݿռ֮оȻ֮ھǺɫݼٵԼĻһ˿һǺ֮ǽڻĵ¹âʤȻڹͬʱŷֹ廨һϸײȥ
ֹڿںΪһ壬һɳȽԭĿڻΧĿռӱ˲תɸּٵתĶš
ͺڹںĹźɫһ־Ө͸бֳ
߲ݵĴ߶ȻѸٵǰȥڿɫ׵һ㣬ǺɫâҲʾŤת֮ɫ߾Ȼ˷룬뼸һ˲䣬ԭһߣھȻÿ߷ֱӦıзȥ
ռ˲־磬һߣһ档
䣡
ķݿռ侹Ȼҵһ£֮أֻ׹һƬ׹Ǳкͺɫײײ֮һǿɨݿռ䣬һɲÿռ侰һ˿Ťָ
ǰ׹ʧڰ׹ȴ߲֮Χ״˿ֵѺۣѺԭɫ״˿ԵΪ
ɫΧҲòȥ׹⽫ԭǽǽ֮ϳ϶϶ĳй˳ԶԶȥһɫǱ¶һ˿߲
Ȼ˫ûֹͣڰ׹ɢ˲䣬ͬʱ׵磬׵ΧռײʱȻƬȻ׵ԷϮȥ׵мشײһײ
ײԺ˫һγֲͬˣʱɫݷȥ߶Ϊޱȣʱ֪᲻Լɡ
Ļ״Լ͵ʴף֮ºɫݾȻ֡
ȥ¶õôҸкɫڵ߲ݡ
кʲô߲ɫݵЭʵ
һһΣɫε˵
Ǻǣ㻹ûҵͼɫռڵԭңһ룿ʲôƾռ߲˵
ǾûЭأ˼Ļɫͬػص
ûΪѹ㣬ʵʲôЦˡ߲ݳЦ˵
ȥɣɫЦ֮Ȼŭʵһĺɫ޿̡
߲ݿɫݵķӦͻȻвһ˿ϲãû뵽ɫݾȻ˾ϵˡ
߲ϲûδɢ֮ʱһȻѾԼ֮⣬ٶ֮糸һ㡣
룬߲һɫ֣ӨĽɫָո۶ǹѾƺ״˿߲ݡ
߲ɫַɫĹâǹʵǿƾ߲η޷ֹǰ
ԶһһŽǿд߲ݣֻ߲к֮м֮
㶨ǣɫдһǵͬʱǱһ߲Ϯȥ


1737 
߲д󺰲ãһѾԼ޷ʱȻϮһֻ߲оԼ̫͹֮
ǣ߲ݱϾҲǵֻ߲֮ȻСֻһ˲߲ݱ㲻֪١
ɫдϲԭ߲һֱƣֻǺɫݻǺܽû˿ռκν䣬һѯ֮ȻҲһ߲ݵϢԭϲĺɫݴһϾܹԼϢڲص˺֮ʵڵԼ
ڽսܹڰϮʤٺòˣǷ֮ǶڰԼôԼʱûС
ɫȻ˿˿ڻĴ߶¾ȻռӿȥռʱͻȻСһ㣬ʱǻ˿ռռ
֮ɫзĨ֮ǻ˿ʼŤÿһŤڻ˿֮϶һֲⲨĲռ䲻ͬݶһ֮Уԭ̵ϾȻϸơ
ЩϸƵݵȻ޳İɫռ䣬״ӡ֣һɫ߽ѷ޲һʱ䣬ԭɫռϾȻ˿ͬոշһ㲼Ѫ˿
ʱݿռһһ￴ƲѪ˿İɫռ侹Ȼ˵߲̾ݣ߲û뵽ǰɫռھȻܹٿػ
߲Ȼ֪Լµʲô߲ݽ޳ʱʵһ󷨣󷨽󡱡
ƽ˸𲻵ʲôãǶԻǿ˲һУڵĻ
ʩչԭ߲޳Ϊ֪ںηûռ䣬ռ䱻ƣô޳ͱɣΪݿռ䲼Ť֮Ť֮Ũ޳ǰʮϣռʱ򶼻᲻䱻ݰ
ʱ޳ڵİɫռоȻɢǿĻ߲֮е˶ٸһ档
ǣʱǾʱΪǺɫʩչĻ˿ѾҪӵԼߣһ˿ӴԼôԼͼпܱ֮ҵҵĺֱ
߲ݽСʮݣ˿зݼٵǰȥĶܹ˿
ںɫѲ߲֮ʱ߲Ѿɫԣֻź߲ɫݸмɫĹâȻϮɫݾͱ봩
߲ݴʱ˳˼ôضܵˣôԼĹֻ
ʱѾ߲ݶ룬Ȼ߲ݾȫ߲֮ôʱɫݣϾʱȻɫݴڽ״̬Ļ˿ԼȫʩչʱôɫݾͻΪ޷ֵ
Χһз߲֮Ȼԭ״ͬʱһ߲ʺ߲ʺȻɫݻȥ
ȻɫƺһյЦ
Ǵʱ߲ݰкã
ǴʱѾˣֻǺȻ߲ݰǺڽ߲ݰ֮Ҫ߲ڣɫĹâһʴ߲ݵı档
ǺɫȻԭɢȥĻ˿ջڣһ˿ɫȥͬһ˿˿ī㡣
߲ݴʱںзȥ߲ݻᱻһʴ
߲֮ʱһ˿߲ݣǻ˿һѪһ㿪ʼ߲ݿʳ߲֪ʱճҺճҺеĶڣе״оһʡ
ǣڻǸоĵʱʱ벻취ôԼͼп
߲еȻţȻһ߲еĻָ˳̬Ļָ»˵ĵֻһɣǾ߲Ѿ취ˡ
ʱɫݿű߲вϲû뵽쾹Ȼյǿţ¹˶þͿȥĿռˡ
뵽ɫзһаЦ
ֻǴʱɫݲ֪Լʩչĺڱ߲ݶɵǺͬˮϡ͵һ㣬ԭŨصĺȻϡʱҲѾķǳİ
ɫݿǰһвһԼΪĺ⾹Ȼڴʱ֪ΪεʧˣԼоɱﵰĹɹأʱȴʧˣ
Ǻϡ֮¶߲ݵģʱ߲Ѿû߲֮ɫȫǺɫͺɫơ
㣿ɫһĨһĨŭʵ
ôˣѾɫ߲Ƶ˵
㾹Ȼҵĺ`ɫ˿
㲻Ѿ𣿡߲ݻص
֪ɵĺɫݽĿ߲˵
֪߲ݵһһĹ¼š
룿ɫе˿֮ͬԼȥһ㡣
߲ݵ˵
ɫһ磬Ȼսô߲ΪԱôľ߲ݣȻԼ˾ûһܻġ
뵽ǺɫдһĨʵѵ㲻Ϊ
߲ݲû˵âǿʢ
Ա֮ʼɫе˵
߲Աɹôݿռ佫һ뱻Աݻ٣˵ôĺɫݣȻҲ޳İɫռ䡣
â߲ݣɫȻл˿ջصԼڣתһڵѸ߲ԱΧĵطȥһĨӰڿʧ
ݶʱоΧһ֮УϾƬһĪĳȸдȸкһ
ȼһû˿ΧһУãڲ֮Щݲŵİռ뾶ھȻһԱݣһʱ䣬ڵȫˡ
ݶƴܣԶȥֻоһⲿɢƮȥ
Ƭ֮ڼžޱȣտ֮
ʱ߲Ĺ߾Ȼı
ڹ߱ͬʱݾȻ޳İɫռƶ˹ȥ
֮ǱǬ֮ƣ߲һ֮޳İɫռȥ
ǿռӴͬʱǿռı仯ԭɫı͸̺ǰɫռѾ͸޳ӳɫռ
˲ѣһǴһ
ռ͸֮ӳһɫǰ޴ƺĿˣ˺Ȼһа뵽ѵҪԼ


1738 İ
ɻ֮ʱдСӣҾˡ
޳һһϤĸоӿͷ
ʦ޳˿˿
СôģʺͻȻôеһ˿һ˿۰
ʦҡ޳֪оȻԼʦһ˲зһˮ뵱ʦΪԼԼⱲҲ޷ģʦȻΪԼ
˵ˣҵʱ䲻ˣҽ⿪ݿռӡЩ뿪еƺԽԽ
ôʦ޳ŵʵ
Ǻ֮Ľ֮ʱ䲻ˣ׼áǿ޳Աߵһۣ޳ʦͻԼ֮ģԼڼ½ǱջԼĻ
δ޳ڣֻǺɫ֮вһ⣬ө΢ֻƮɫݵһ˲䣬ǹǿǿ֮ĽƮ޳ݡ
״̽ǰ״ջأջذһ˲ǽٽ޳͸ݣֻоһůΧѾֽɫâΧɵĹ⻷⻷Χƣֱ⽫̧ƮգԭΧѣͬͻأĲԵ޹ʵһ㡣
˼ԭǸм΢΢һǰ˵Ľ⾹Ȼı˷˴ʱףԭѾˣ
޳ѸǺɫԽеʦ
ǺǣʦҪˣԺ󲻻κοռʦͽܣʦⱲ˵ܹͽܣʦҲˡ֮ǿ
㲻ʦҲҪ޳ˮ
֮£жҶܸıģ㽫ŽһϵŮҶԲҲʦˡ˵Ʈһţű޳ֽ
úչԼķı䰵ݾһԲʯͷ
޳ʦԼǰʯͷ类˺һ㣬еˮѾ
ǰԲʯвⷺһ˿ʹ࣬ϾԼ޳ʦġ
޳ҪˣǱ뿪ռ֮ὫȫǻҪʦԸŴʱʹ޳˵
޳΢΢ͷʦԼţֻ޳ʣϵŮʲôطԼȥ
޳֮ʱȻԭĽɢȥ¶ԭɫһŷƵƤƤ֮һֵ˸޳⴮֣Ȼֽһ֮޳Ȼ֮С
޳ֻоһζ˹ȥ
һռڣһֱӳռΨһһ½Ͽգڵ½Ͽպ⻺½콵Ҳ
֮˽½֮ϣֻ˴ʱڳ˯֮С
½Ԫ½ʲôֻ˽֮һɽ֮Уɽ뵣ľ㣬һڵƽһ㣬Ϧ֮Ӱڵ֮ϣͬī֭͸ӡڵһ㡣
˵ĲԶһɽεض𣬴Զȥɽ֮Ͼǿ֦ɫɽʱһſžʯɽϹ
ã޳΢˫ۣ峺ȴǳһ˿֮⣬ǵ޳Χľ֮ԭлĴȻ˹
޳૵˵
ٿԣһԼԱߡ
޳һ۾ϳΪԼԵľԭ
޳ԾĴԭڻ״ָ̬ʶֻ˫ۣ޳ʱͬ𾪣Ϊͫгֵͬ޳ԭ
ʱȻԼȻԶ˵죬һ˿ϲϸ˳
û뵽ǻ¼ʱ򡣡޳˵
첻ҰЦ˵
ʲôط޳ʵ
Ҳ֪ǧУСǿһռ䡣ν˵
Ҳǣûѯһ޳˵űϥ΢΢ȫֻ޳ʱֻо֮ޱȣ޳˫ü΢΢޳һŵǣ֮ûκϢ
Ȼ˫ۣ޳˫ּٱ䶯ǲûκӡǲ
ѵеĹʧˣ޳૵˵
ʲô޳ı˿رʵ
֪ΪΣҴ߶ʱȴûһ˿Ϣ޳ص
ԣϥͼûǣ֮ôǵ޳һûκεķӦ
֮˫ۣ޳ҡҡͷ̾˿˵Ҳ
ˣѵռչ޳ɻ˵
Ҳ֪˵ڴǧһЩûУ޳ʵ
ʲô飿޳Ŀı顣
ǧ繲ΪС磬޵߶֪ǣڴǧдһȫͬ磬ǵڵģȥǲܵġ˵
˵Щʲôô޳ʵ
Щ㲻⣬Ȥġ޳˵
ˣֱ˵ص㡣޳һ˿ͷ˵֪ʱθڡ
ǧΨһռ伸ϵҲ˵ǸռķŲͬռռֹȫ޵״˵
˵ǸĿռ䣿޳ȵʵ
Ǵ⡣ص
ĻʦΪʲôط޳ɻĵ˵
ǲǿռ䴩ʱ⣿ʵ
޳δ˵̧ͷİ磬ǰ޳˵Ĺ۲İĵطΪԼʵԱ֤ԼİȫǴʱԼûκιǰͬ
һּµϦȻڵƽߴ͵Ĺߴ޳ϣ޳ȻһϦȥ
̫޳˵
־֮޳ԼпǶ磬Ϊռ䣬̫ķѾȱˣ̫Ȼ˵
ģ̫ȥԶɽŨ£һŨ̵ͬĺˮһк£޳ΧѾŨ
ԶĿľ֦ͬһ˫ɿݵһš
˸оΧճһ˿˿Ĳԣ·Ũһ˫۾εĶˡ
ȻһӰ˾޲


1739 ֮ľ
Ӱһ֮ʧӰ٣ʱ޳˱ɫΧ
ɽһһĨ˳ʲôࣿ
ֻ֮κ޳ϥ˴ʱû˼ȥ̸ʲôϾ֮ڵûκϢԭһʱ޷ܡ
ռڵ̫ƺѾԼ֮أʱ̫ѾµƽߣڰƬ½
˼ɫѺڣӽȲ˵ɽǷħǳһֻҲöԸ
ͣڴ˵أĴ߶һ£Աȷﵽʲôط޳˵ƺһε
ҲģȻûа취뿪˽һ˵վ
վ֮ʱ޳Լ֮ؾȻһžžһǷſݻɫƤ
޳һƺƤһԼ
ʱȻҷֵϵƤ΢΢һ֮˵ʱڴ˵أ
޳δ˵Ǻһ֮ƤƤֵһ˲䣬޳оһůˢһ㡣
Ƥ޳оȻȻĴˣڴ֮޳ƤϾȻûһֻ֣ǾڵĽ˸оޱȡ
⣿޳˵
𼱣ҸоƤвž޴ܣǲţ֮ʱƤһϲ޳֪ΪԼܹ˵˷ֻڤڤ֮⻰Ѿ˵ڡ
ͷ˵ʵڸոյʱȻо޳ʮİһİ˰㣬֪޳ڲֻһʶû̫֡
޳Ƥ֮ڣƤĽ⾹Ȼ͸·˳ֻƬ֮ȥ
޳˿ͬһǰȥ
˴Լһʱ֮ɫѾȫ֮Ҳǹ죬ľС֮ϾǿҶǿҶ΢ĴƯżշȥֻҶƮȴ絶һ㡣
ҶСྐྵƬƬʻʻ紺ոտųһۣʻƯ֮ϴγɵˮҡҷţ紵ʻƮ˿˿㣬˶ʱоˬ֮ϾȻ΢΢Цݡ
Ȼ⻨Աһſſվͬʬһ㣬ľö˸оһ
СʱСǰȻһ֣⹵ףƺСľͷ
üļһۺ޳ʵѵһ·
ǰĹҡҡͷ޳Ѿ⶯˵Ҳ֪
˿⹵ֵʱ򣬺Ȼ⹵ֵײȻһ죬ɫһ㷢Ȼ㾹ȻıţڱͬʱǹҲڱǿгһĨ档
޳עĿϸȥһ֮⹵оȻֳּͬĹɵһߣһߣͬһſŷǵ׺һ㡣
޳һۣڶ֮ԭĨͬʱ𺳣ֻɵϸھȻıţʱѾͬһСϪһ㣬⾹Ȼʼ
ѵ׺޳ʵ޳ʱ鼫࣬ڿ˾ʱ޳ͷԼȷλˡ
׺ôû˵ɻĿ޳ʵ޳Ȼ֪طԭֻŵı顣
׺Ѫ֮أĴΪңʬδ޳ȻĿ͵˵徹Ȼһ
ô޳޳Ȼһ˲ӣио˿ԡ
ûʲôֻ˺ܾǰ͵ʦЯĹż޳վڹԱߣ΢һҪ׹ȥһ㣬һĨһĨ¼š
żʲôż޳ȵ˵ǹżеһ仰Ȼ޳ⲻ֮С
Ǳżн˴ǧĿռֲԼǧΣյʮأ׺дʹ˵һ޳һԽ˵
ôżûᵽ׺ʲôռڣʵ
ھϣֻؼ䣬޲֮ħ֮أ޳շţε֮ʡ޳һһĽЩ˵˿ڡ
˼޷ȥطΣգʵ
޳ĵͷ۹ֻصǹֵײĹ
˵˼֣ԭСϪ״Ѿһ㡣
ǹĴҲΧ¶Ȼ˸оʱһķϮů֮ȻоȫļƸոڻѬһ㡣
쿴ǸʲôףȻ
˵ָķȥǹֲ֪ʱȻԨһ㣬Ԩײһľͷһ˿˿죬ⰵɫѪҺһ㣬ⰵɫ֮󣬼жⰵɫҽһڽҽһ㡣
ڣҽѲ״״ǳΪһƬԨĵײԶԶȥԲεĺ뾶ȻﵽʮɣҽĴĻҽԨԵ
˲˳˾ķ֣ԭɿݵľھȻҶҶ϶侹ȻһĻ꣬⻨ޱȣ֮͸һɫӰɫľĸȡԨҽȻ͸ɫ˿죬ȻǿҶ
ͬʱһө֮Ҷϵڿţ̧ͷУһĪϲøӿͷ
޳ôûоǹż˵ģ̧ͷС
Ĳ׺޳ػصڴҲԼ
ϣ׺˵
Ϊʲô޳Ŀʵ
ЦЦһĨ˲֪ܣ޳Ҳûʲô
˿ֵľĬƬ֮󣬺Ȼ֮ʲôҪԭӿҴʱĸӾңȻ쫷罫ˮ˾һ㡣
ҷһɢ˳Ȼʱ޳ʧȥ˹ǹ̫ǿһ̾˸оһķӿѪ飬ؿڱͻһһ
˶һۣʱҲûȥ˱Ľ˽ŵʱоʲôȻƶţǵתʱûзκ塣
ѵ˻þС˵Žת˻
ǻþҸҿ϶ƶͷԾƶ޳Сĺ˵ţӱˣֲ޳˵
޳Ļ㲻ڻͷʱ˸оԽԽ


1740 İŮ
һԤ޳ͷԽԽǿң޳۾ƺǿԼ£һ㣬һֱһֶսֱȻʱ޳ûйǾƾֱ޳ѾоĽӽ
޳ĺӰǰƶţӰ޳ƺûзԼƵģӰе޼ɵ
̣ӰѾ޳޳һȻͷ֣˵˫ȭͬʱǺӰ֮ϡ
ǣֻȭͷӰһ˲˵ϳһ
ȭͷȻȻ˺Ӱ֮ϣǺӰȴһÿӲƤ󴦸еһľ
˷ԼǿľȻȥ⶯ӣԭδ޳ԷȻԼһ˿ɣڷɵͬʱľ׷ȥ
СȻľ٣ľ֮󶼱ޱȣΨƶǿȻǸɿò
ź׷ˣǿҲһаԸоãʱľȴʮ־ţԼʲô¶һ
վסǿľš
ǿľԽԽɵĽŲӿ˼֡
ʱС֮ϣԶԶĿȥ׷һ壬¹һԵľ˽š
޳һ׷֮ȥǰ취ĴĵΣһȦ֣֮С֮һ··ֱͨСǰ
޳˵ʲô֮·
ܲˣ׷ˡ·޳
˵޳ȥǰĿľѾƣ޳֮еǰһϲǽŲ
Ϊ˷ֹ޳͵͵ĸǿľǽ˿ֺȻûӰ֮ǿľͣһľڷǴŴ
ôˣӲ·Ȼľǰľʱûעǰ
ܲˣˣǿľûпǰ˳ڽһ䣬ǵľ˵֮Ȼķһ˿ԣ֦΢΢һվԼǰ֪Ϊľһȥ
ǱһߵĿľһʱ֮૵˵˼
ǣǿľû̫Զͱ޳ǰ棬ԼѾС룬ľƺڼٵŰ취ƾô취ڴ޳Ǽѵ顣
ǱٹҾͲˣľݺݵ˵ȴһ˿£еĺ¾ԭ˵Ļһ˿
޳˲ûлľĻͬʱſľȥʱ˵ı龹һ˿Ū޳İطҲûʲôͶ⵨С
˵ģǱٹˣҪŭˣǿһδеκоȻһŮ
һո˵ŮĴĻѵԼĻþ޳뵽
Ƭ֮ͬʱǿ
˲ûֹͣŲԭ֦һʱ侹ȻĿʼڿһ֦ưڶķȺܴ󣬵һ㹥ûУ޳ǰľҡҡͷ
𷴿ˣܲģֻҪǲ˺ġεĿľİڶŸɿݵɱ˿˵
ԼԵˣҲֹͣ˰ڶһ˿Ϯ
ðɣװˣɱҰɡǿľһλҺڳ
ʱ޳׵ȻһŮڴֿĿľȻһŮжϣŮԼʮ˾͡
ʵ
ҵôˣҪɱɱôϻʱǿľĴѾһ㡣
ΪʲôҪɱ㣬Ǳʲô޳ʵ
Ǳʵ롭ҵʳǿľʱС˵ԼһܴĴһ
ʳ޳ʵ
ǿľСص
һú֮ôܹ޳һ䣬һĨɱбŷ˳ʱ޳ӵзͳֽնס
ûľʱո޳Ļĵһ㡣
ڽƱ磿޳˵һŭ
治֪ڹŪңǿľʵ
仰ֻ֮ǿľϵƤͬʱһӨ֮ľɢӨ֮ͬʱһ㵭֮⵭֮⾹Ȼȫ޳һ뵽Ѳոûг˺Լ
˾ȵͬʱΧڼţһ֦ھȻһĵ˵ϣڵڵ֮ǿ֦Ȼڻڻ֮ڵʧԭľʧʱ⾹ȻһԲȦƮȥʧʧ֮ϾȻһˡ
ȷе˵ȻһŮŮ£ںڵͷһ٣΢΢̧ͷŮ峺ˮĽëգһεˮ£ձһεˮ򻨣ҧŷۺ촽һ崿ı鿴޳ˡ
ŶڵϵŮ޳ȻһѵǸոǲĿĿľԭͣҲ̫˵ɡ
ԭͣ޳ȵʵ
ʲôԭͲԭ͵ģⱾңǱװ֪ˣǲֻʣˣ޻˵ɱ˼ǵĴɡŮʱվһı˵
ɱ㣿ΪʲôĲ֪˵ɱʲôﶼ֪޳ſ޻ӵŮ˵Ů޳ƯȳƵļǳ˵ֱÿ˶Ķ޳ʱû˼Ͼʱ֪ԼںδԼϻҪ¡
ǻװŮʱ˵ţʾӵ
ᣬ͵ϮǣҲ׷㡣˵
仰֮ǹϳһĨΣ˵仰ﻹԼ͵Ϯ˶ϵĻˡ
Ĳɽ֮ˣǹգգʵ
ǣǷĲǡ޳ͬʱص
ҾҪΪʲôǻˡǹʱȻһ˵˵
˵ˣܲ˵ʲôط޳ʵ
ɽǹص
ɽƬ½ֽʲôʵ
ȴ½ʲôҲ֪ôģˣ͵ûʣҲ˵ȰǱΪ˱ﶪǹ￴ã޳˵
޳ãͬʱʵ


1741 ׺֮
Ҳ֪ĿʲôǹҲʵ
֮ͷţ޳ص
ҿǲŵİɣġŮ޳˵
޳Ȼһһ֮һ˿ϲã֪ĻǡʡϤˡ
ܲ˵һﵽô£޳˵
ðɡǹǻ˵
׺֮أ׺֮ؾңǲ֪ʱҾȻ̣֮ｨһ⹬֮ʱ׺ΧĲ䶼⹬Ϊ٣⹬֮󣬺Ȼһ칬ûĹｫвȫľ
ڲ֮˱ľ֮⹬ͳȥȥʧˣǽ˵ײڣ⹬ʵ̫ǿ󣬾ȻȫһѪҺһĶⶫɢζѪҺûʲô
ⶫǱľǵʳ
ʳÿϻ֣ЩľΪʳĲԴ䡣
޳ΪʲôЩľϾȻԭȻ
ǹĿʲô޳ǹʵ
Ҳֻ֪ԼԼ֮˵ҪЩľʲôѪǹ۷ŭ˵
ÿԼļأ仰˵ڵʱѾˣԼⲻǽұ˵˰
ˡǹ仰ʱˮСԵľ˵
޳һʱоԼ˴һ
͵ϮǸʲô޳ʵ
ΪǹڵˣҲܵÿֻܿѪҺ棬ѾܾûнʳˣҲʳѪҺ忪ʼıʵû취ˣͶǹͷ˵
𣿡޳ǹʵ޳ֻ֪һ˵ʱоͲһ֮顣
ǹû˵˵ͷ
ֻ޳Ӿ¶˳΢΢̧͵ǹǰ
ǹȻ֮飬ɻĿ޳
˾ͳԷɣ̫С޳ЦŶǹ˵
ǹһ˿ԥԼʵĲУ͵͵Ŀ޳һ޳˿Ҳע
ײһ˲޳ֿĵ˵ͷ
ǹ￴޳ı飬ȻſСڣһҪҧȥĶֻ޳˫Ȼסһʹı֮ϱ˳
ֻǣ޳ûиоʹ͵͵ǹǹ˿޳
۰ǹ˵ЦЦ޳о̹ޱȡ
޳΢΢һЦ޳Цݻδȫչֻо֮һ˿ʹǹ۵촽Ѿ޳ϣһĨǹｿ䶯һֻСһ촦˼¡
æ۴뿪޳ϸָԼ˺һƬ޳ѪĿӰ
ǹ΢΢̧ͷȻһ˿ѪǷ۵ĴһĨѪñ϶˼֮С
϶ʹɡǹʱͷһ˿һ˿мĶ޳˵
С޳һʱ֪δϾȻܾûгֵĺ졣
ȿȡǰ˵ʾ
޳ʱҲоһ˿Լæ˵ʲôƽ𣿡
ôˣһξͿʼҷ𣿸ոأﾫŹֵӿ޳
ҡ޳
֪ʲô˼Ҳں㿪Ц𣿡ǹ˵мһ˿ˬ
ҽ컣أǹѺõʵ
޳

޳ҼסˡǹǺߵ˵ǰСϳһĨΡ
޳̧ͷȻʳѪҺҵľֿʵûʲô취ƽ𣿻ôûбľ
Ϊ˵컴Ľͳһӣһ˿˿ɫһɹ֮Ʈɢ
޳ӣһˡ
Ҽ洫֮һֱϣûбľ̫ǿһǱһ㣬ʵа취ƽġ˵ŽַŻ˽֮С
컽ӷ֮˵ĿŴ˻
ʲô취޳ʵ
Ǵǹˡ˵ȴһֱȵ컹ѵ
⡭޳ͬʱƾ˵˵ܹˣǽǹ֮ж¡
ûѾϰˣҲΪҶ벻Ҫˡ˵
޳㲻˵ʦżмص׺Ŀֲʽ˿ͬ޳˵
Ҳ֣׺ƺѾ˸ıˣǧܹı׺߿»ûмˣǱżм׺Ǳؾ޴ԴõԴԼŬκεطưԡ޳˼˵
Դո˵ı᲻ǻԴǻȻ˵
仰޳Ȼһͬʱ컡
Ҳֻ֪֪Сʱ׺Ȼҽͣÿ糿崿׺ͷųҲһ֪컿ŴʱԼ޳ص
޳кȻһЩ飬ʦԼ͵ﲻֻô򵥣»иҪ顣
޳ȻһⲻϹԼгһĨƹ⡣
֪ڱ飿컵ʵ
Ҳֻ֪ǿһ㡣޳صǺĲɣƺʲô顣
Ǳ⣬ΪǱ˵Ǵ½֮Դ뿪˵أ½ͻȥ컶޳˵Ǿ档
컵޳֪֮Դ½ҪԣЦŻصİɣǲעģǲǻˡ
޳ĻϸһĨЦݣ΢΢գգ¹µ޳
˶Ի֮ʱȻԶɽһ죬ͬըһ㣬ķһ׹޳ֵĿǲʹ֮
ǲʹ֮ĴƮɢȥʹҪܵϣˮڿƮ
ʲô޳ʵ
Ǵ½Ĺ꣬ԴǹֺĹÿ춼ֵľԿ˾Ͳˡ컻ص
ԭһ澰޳Ц˵ȴǺȻ궯һȻײײԺǹ֪ΪξȻǣԼ˼룬Ȼо̫ԣѾ޳оǳˡ
޳΢΢һüͷǹ֪ΪʧӰ٣ٴ̧ͷҹգֻǲʹѾʧ
컿˾˫ü΢΢һʲôҪ޳˵


1742 Σķ
֣ʹֵʱ侹Ȼộǵһμ峺ӿ˵
ƽʱ𣿡޳˵Ҳһ˿档
ƽȻҲгʱ϶̵ʱ򣬵ô̻ǵһγ֣֮»Ƕ֪࣬ںδģʹ⾹Ȼô̵ʱ䡣ǿЦ˵š
绹бءɻıˬʵЦ
磿磿ҴСûгɽһĲ֪һ˿㽡
˵ɲֻɽ֮⣬˵Ǵֻأǧ硣˵
˵Щ컣ѾˣҿǾͲлټ޳Խ˵Խױ㼱æֹϾôŮӻǲ֪̫Ϊá
Ҫȥ컺ʵҲҪȥһ
Ҳ֪Ǹо̫İˡ޳˫΢΢һεĶ
ǺһȥΣգգ
޳˶һۣ˵гһ˿ϲϾڻû֮֮Ȼٺò컱ϾһŮӣ˽һŮôҲо˿Ť
ҿˣϾһŮӴ˻ؼҡ޳˼˵
̫ˣĻʲôңֻ֮ɽйЩʱͻֺܶˣǻǱɽˡ˵
컵Ļ޳ȻһʱԼĻûжʧ˵ˣԼҲܴսһʱȴΪһ˶Ҫ֮
뵽޳һ˿ˬ֮вʲô취أɷ졣
·޳ЦŶ˵
ϷЦݡ
¹£ǰ棬޳컵ĺ棬΢紵ںڵĳڶһйŵľ¹γɡ
ʱѾ뿪Сȥոȫ֮ͬȫʯ޳Ŀȥûһûݣ˵ľʯ֮ϲɳʯǡ
һ紵Ѿû˸ոյĻ㣬ӭľǻɳɳһֻֻһ㡣
Ŵ˴Ļ޳ǰ˵Σˣҹ⣬޳ǰȥֻǰһƬʯ֣ʯǱʴѾһ㣬һ״һеվе߰͡
𼱣Ƭʯ־͵ˡ컻ͷ˿޳˵컵ĲǱĸĽ
컵ĽŲ޳оʯбжߣ޳ʾһҲս֮Ȼ޳˼˵Ĳγ໥֧Ԯ״
ʱһƬᣬʯֲǿȥǳ֣ʯһһȺޣȻ̫ǿ󣬵Ҫ˵׾١
޵һأǷ˵֮ʯַԲ幫ڲʯеĹ飬Щһ㲻˺ˡ
Ҳûи޳ʯ޵ԭ
˽ĽŲϵɳʯĦޱЭѾʯֵڡ
һ˿嶯ֳ嶯޳С£ǵ˿ڱߵĻֱ컺ݺݵȥ
˾ȥʯ֣ʯֺ޳ŷ֣ʯֲ濴ȥô򵥣ԭʯڲȻԹһ㣬ССʯ޹ɵƬϣ޳ʯеǴڼĹԡ
вͼпʯ߶
֮ʱȻһʯ֮ϳһĨӰӰʯһ˲ȥ֮ʱǺӰȻſ˫ᣬһ״ڰճ֡
޳۽ѾʯϵĺӰֻһʱû˵Ȼգ޳ľ飬пɫ
ȻպǻӶԶȥֻǷɵʯһ˾ͷʱȻ˻ϿȦ֮ȻԶʯֶС
ӿٶȡ޳˵
޳ǰѾֲ޳֮ʱȴ޳һ
Ĭͬʱӿ˽Ųǻδ߳ȻӰӰڵһֻֻһ㡣
޳ȻһƱһ㣬ͷ֮ʱ컵˵ͷ
޳һʱ侹е⣬ϾǱӰѾԼ˺ܴв컵ô࣬˱ȥ
Ժ޳ȥ˵ĺӰԾǳġ
ͣ޳˵
һ˿⣬ֻƽʱԼƬʯֵʱû飬޳ͣʱȻ˿ֿǻͣ
Ѿ˷״޳ͣ½Ųתȥתͷһ˲䣬޳ЩӰȻȫʧٶ֮޳вһ˿ȡ
޳ƾݵĹ۲Ѿÿʯıһ˫۾ˣ۾ȻסѪ죬ںɫҹ»Ǻ޳۾ġ
޳ѸɨÿʯɨӼ޳Ǻɫ۾һһӣѪɫ۾Ҳһû뵽Լ¶ݣݱ¶Щ֮ҲԲٶء
Ȼ϶ʮɫ֮ӰӰ˵ͷ޳ʱſΡ
꣬Ƴ׳ǰСȴһԳ۾кɫĹâһ˫˫ݱ¶ҹС
޳Ȼ̬֣޳ΪﾹȻӦѸ٣Ѿǵ֮ߣֵַʱѡϳ
ﲻöԸ޳һ֮
޳΢΢ͷȻڴ˵أôͬʱ滹ǵһΣʱв˿¡
ô죿컵ʵ
ȿ㣬ǲ֪ԷǲǻкԮ޳ȵ˵Ķ޳ͻѸٵӦԼȲҵԸ
ǱµġԶ˵
޳˳ȥԶһźĶڿƮţں֮кһɹɾ޴ۡ
̫һƺͨԪ֮䣬Ȼ޳ûлǶԹ״̬ܹоһֵġ
ǣ̫ˣȻôޡ˵
ƽʱûмô𣿡޳ʵ
ûУȻЩҴûмһӳô࣬вĵĹأﲻԵ޹Ϯࡣ컿˿Щڨڨ˵
ЩǳҺġ޳Ц˵˿Ρ
˵֮ʱԶĺѾ˵ͷ


1743 Σս
˵ͷƮǹ۲ˣƶ˵ƣƮ֮ͬﾹȻĽǴЦ
޳ſеаԴЦһû뵽ﾹȻĳЦԼ
޳ĿȺЩԭΪ޳Լı֮Уû뵽˾Ȼ˵Щﲻ˿Ρ
֮ЩȻȶ޳Ϯһ˲޳ΧɫΧЩ޳طɶұ任λãǵĿĲǹˣڹŻˡ
ʱ޳˸첲΢΢̧ǰѪȳ˸оһӦѪȻԼһճҺ壬³ҺͬʱЩȻַһصĽڳЦһ㡣
ʱҲ޿̣ȻұڿȻһӣȭͷȻûʲôƾôսȭͷҲС
ԭܴܺȴ˸գѪȻȭͷԼӴһ˲仯Ϊ˺ҹƼ֮ʧˡ
ȻԾû뵽ȻԾΪӰ֮ĺȻַѳֻ𣬺ǱͲںһ㡣
Ѹջ֣ӶȥԼ޳ᱻ˿˿档
ڸоĹȻЩǼǴʱѾȫſ˫ᣬ˫оȻż϶϶ƺС䶯ЩС𽥱
ͻȻСһҺ壬Һͬʱһʬζɢ޳Ϊ֮һ֮ƶҺϮǣס֮ȴʮֻʱȻڿн˰Χм䣬СҲȫ׼޳
жʱоһЩͬʱҺ壬ô޳Լ޷ܣȲ˵ҺԼʲôΣǹɴ̱ǵζ¾Ͳ˵ġ
һʱҵͬʱ޳ƺֳһĨʱ޳۹ɨȥת޳ϸĹ۲Ⱥ޳һֻֻͽͣͬʱԼ޷
ԣֻҵΪ׵ҲȺ죬ɱȺضȺ׵³ֻҡ
ǣǰȺȥһ޳һʱоһ˿ΪѣȻ޳Ϊ֮ʣȻһֻ۹Ȼͨ죬ѪĿгһɫϸߣϸڲͬʱ˳ȥƳȥĺڿһһٶȽʮֻС
߽еõʲôָһ㣬ԭԴ͵ĿʱȻȫ
޳һϲû뵽ʱȻԼ㱩¶˳ֻ޳ƶ壬޳ƶŲ޳ͼ
ЩʼƽЩȻһԲ㽫޳˽İ档
ʱΧż޳컾Ȼһʱ֪ǺãԭεСϳ˼ֽ֮ɫ
޳ЩİΧʱ̫޳ԼΧһ˫˫ɫ۾֮֮Ǻɫ۾ȻͻȻҵĺ⣬ǰǿʢȻһʱ޷˫ۡ
ںɢԭȺչ˫ᣬ׼
ԶԶȥǺȺɵй¶˳һɹ֮ʯ֮С
޳оոЩɵİΧȦԼһڵʱзĺ߾Լ˺֮
ͷ޳ǿǿ˫۵ڵ΢΢˫ۣ޳΢΢˫۵ͬʱȻǰɫߴ͵еȻԼǰ߶ȴ޳޷Ӵġ
һ֮޳ͳĶ˵
ʱѾ޳ͼʵҲѾֻҪȺɱôȺͻĴҡ
ſ޳˵Ǵʱ
˻Ȼֱ˫ڵһ̤伡Ȼһ˫ۺݺݽ޳ֻڽ޳֮η޳޳Ȼֱ״̬
˫Ȼ޳Ľŵһ޳ͬһ˳ȥȺһʱ֪ǰΪʲô˾ٶ
˲֮Ⱥƺ˹ֻǿٱ䶯ͣѾˣֻ޳Ѿǰ޳Ȼ˫۾ȥ
Ǿ͵޳ΪҪӴͫ׵ʱͻȻо˫类һѬһʹһȸд˫˲Ϯȫ
޳д󺰲ãû뵽쾹Լ۾вһᾧ
޳ʱѾоԼΪص棬Σͷ޳ȻĶץȥץסһ˲޳ȻȫԾȥ
Ϊ޳ȻһץĲȣһʱ侹룬ڿӴһ˲˫Ȼ󿪣һǿֽԼȥУǣоһ󲻺ãΪ޳ʱѾıϡ
첪Ȼŭû뵽Լһ޹̤档
һ˲䣬еĺǴʤ˼֣Ȼſ¶˳֮ճҺ˵棬һ˲ϵɳʯȻȫʴ
˫Ȼ뽫޳Լ֮˦ȥ޳ʱȻıסĲƾΰڶ޳嶼ץס𲻷š
õ֮ϵ컸ӽʱĶ޳
ʱ޳ͷһᣬʱ޳Ȼȭͷͷȥ޳ô˵Ҳս֮ˣȭͷ޷Сġ
ֻоͷһʹʹӷŭྐྵȻڹԼֻڶң޳ȭͷûֹͣˡ
Ȼŭȴûκΰ취ϾԼ޷ԼĹߣԼûԼڴҶ޷ǲٿء
һʱڴʱǿеĺгһ׹⣬׹׵һ޳Ϯ
޳ʱоһȣ񱻱ӳ鵽һ㣬޳ͷȥֻĺƴʱԼһİ׹Լϳ򣬶ÿһγ鵽̹ǰʹ
ʱ޳ı·Ǳ׹˺һ㣬·һѪ˳
޳ʱĴŭû뵽ʱܱں͵Ϯʹ޳иеŭ
ʱڵϿһе컺иһȥ޳Ѫģʱ


1744 ֮
Ŵʱ֮еİ׹һŭӿͷ̫Ȼڴʱ֣˫ȭգƾڵԼȥ޳Χ
޳Ȼǰ׹ţ֮޳зһŭŭĲ޳ȭвһ壬޳ļ仺Ȼ޳Ȼ˫ȭͷһ֮޳оһ泩֮ӿǶڸոз޳һԼռ֮ﴦûʲôϢǹϢӺζ
޳ɻ֮ʱǰ׹һδͳһ£ֻǰ˼֣޳ݽҧһ𣬶ͷһεκˮԭƤڳһ˿ͨ졣
޳ûֹͣеĶһȦͷΪ޳ոҵػһѣ֮Уʱ޳һνѾ˿ȡ
޳Ȼһ뷨Լ䣬ôԼͿػصػصζԼиĿռ׹Ϯ
뵽޳ȻƷһ
ʱǿ޳ͼֵֻ⣬ĳȾ˺ɫīһ㣬īڲȻһɢţƺһֽᾧ
޳Ȼı仯ᾧĲʲôЧ޳ﻹһƬã
Ǽʹã޳ȻûֹͣеĶǾ޳һ֮ʱоȾһճҺճҺʹ޳оֵĶڱĳٻٻĶ޳ոϮ
ı仯ûֹֻͣǺɫĹɫ֮ĺһƬƬĹΣתϣȻһƬһƬͬһ㽫
Щ֮޳Ѿоһ˿⾹Ȼʱ޳о񱻻һ㣬ָо޳оȭͷھͬ޻һ㣬⹥ʹԼҲ޷
ǣ޳תһ룬ʱʹֹΪʲôոûʹǲ⹦ʹһ
뷨֮޳ϸ۲𣬵ƾ޳ô۲Ҳκ޳һĪչ֮ʱ޳ȻеԭԵɢĺɫߴʱȻʧ
ҹ£޳΢΢ﾹȻһĨ֮ɫ
ֻ޳΢΢һ˫ȭֹͣ˽ת۾֮޳һԼ۾ʱʧˣΪĽᾧ۾ʱΪ˱סᾧⲻ޳˻ṥ۾֮޳۾λҪԡ
ʵһʼʱ޳Ϊһ۾ֻһûʲôҪ֮ǵ޳Ȼ۾ûʱ޳ͷ۾бضһҪĶ
޳ڶ룬ָѾͫǰʱҲѾ޳ͼȻĺ۾ᣬǴʱѾˡ
ֻ޳빪ϣ˫ͫǰ
ȥɣ޳һ֮˫Ȼ̽۾޳˫ִ̽ͫ׵һ޳ֻоͫһ˿󻬣һӨһ㣬޳ȻѰ˲䱻ƣһĨճ֮޳ϣճ޳ойȵĸо
ȹһȳ˳޳ʱҲ˲ȳϾȻǰ׹ֻ޳ԭ빪Ȼ·ȥڿм֮˵档
ļӲ޳û뵽ģ޳صһ˲һǿҵײдӱ˲֮޳оȸкʹϮȫֻ޳ڵϾεŤһ¡
˿޳ӿˤ£æ޳ȥ
޳컴غںŵͬʱ컵ĽŲȻļӿ죬һĨĪˮȻ컵С
ʱҲòȥϾ޳ʱûκλıĴӸߴ£ضܵصˣĲ޳һۡ
޳컴ʱѾܵ޳ߣֻ컶彫޳뻳Уһˮ򻨣۵촽з
޳첲Ȼֻ̧ʳָ޳
ʱȻ𾪣Ȳ˵һʼ޳ǰ׹򣬵Ǵ߿£ƽ֮ض⣬Ǵʱ޳Ȼûһ˿쳣ľȻƽȡ
޳ϸһ˿Ц⣬޳ֻ͸֧ʱʡ
޳ûʲô󰭡˵һĨϲ֮С
𣿡컸æʵ
Ȼġص
˵֮ʱֻ޳ָ΢΢һһ£΢΢˫ȴԼȻ컻Уһ޳ʱоȻһ֮С
ˣ컿޳˵
޳˵ͷʱ޳ӿ컾ԭڽƯ񶨸֮ϡ
ֻϴʱһƬΣС³ȻˣҾͷſˡ
˵컽޳Ȼ£ԭ޳Ȼȥû޳ӦͷѾ˵ϣһʹ޳һ컴ʱҷԼ̫³çæҪ޳±
ҿ㻹еڶΡ޳ʹ˵вһ˿Ц֮⡣
ԭµ嶨ϸǳһ˿Ρ
״޳ʵôˡ
С޳ЦŻص
ʱ̧ͷտȥֻڿһּʹʧȥǣɫѪҺϵǺȻʤ֮Ȼʧؼ֮Ͼһ档
һʼһ𽥱ʢһ㣬Ľȼ
ǣǴȼյʱҵ˻һ˻Ȼſʱ˺һ㡣
˿һ˺֮ʱȻгһ⣬һĳ֣һɹɹӨ֮Ű
Ȼһϸȥʲô
ڵȻ˵ڡ
ڵ޳ʵ
ԣҸҿ϶ǾڵȻڵ˵
ѵӦڵ޳ʵ
磬͵ûڵģոտ㹥ʱ߼ﰡ˵
˵ʱı³˿ڣȻİ࣬ڵȴԵþӨ͸һֲŷĸо
ڵ³֮ĴȻȼԭʱѾȫȼյˡ
任ĻӰʱһźһڿƼ±ʧˡ
˿Ѿʧ㿴ڵڵָװСڿƮǹȴ˵ǿ·Χһŷ
˾治ѡ


1745 ڵ
˾֮ʱȻڵΪ߲ɫƮ޳Ǵһ
ô޳˵ȴһ˿˿ãΪȻ֪ڵõԼʲôЧǶһƷܱһǿİ磬˵õľǱ
仰֮صɱһޣôһжģҲо֡
޳һϲñ˳
ֻ޳컶Ի֮ʱǿкһ׹һδ
޳ȻһȻƶǰ׹˵ϣһɳʯҷɵľһСƬ򣬵֮ƾճһ뾶ߵĿӡ
޳ͷȻһ׹ǿԱȸոǿ̫ˣٳ鵽ԼϣԼǱĳ
δ޳ΪƶվȽŲǰ׹һһδ׹޳Ѿ֪ΰ׹ϴθҡ
޳Ѹת䷽ȥ޳̤֮ʱȻǺȻŷ׹⣬ǰ׹ֱ޳ܺͷ޳ѾףҪԼصĽࡣ
ǰ׹⻹ڿ֮ʱ޳׹ΧȦⲿȥ׹ڿ¡
䣡
һը޳ֻоһϮǿ޳Ȼ˵
ͬһǰ׹ⱬը֮޳̫ûбУǹƾನҲܽʱ޳ˡ
ɳʯȴ֮һӰ΢΢վ޳޳ȻⲨǲ֪ΪǹڿԼʱ򶼱ͻȻĵ˺ܶ࣬Լϵֻֻ˵ԼƤë
ֻǴʱ޳ȫɳʯԭļϱһɳǡ
û°ɣ컾Ŀ޳ʵ
û£˵Ƥëѡ޳߽ɳʯ³˵
еƺֻ㣬ѵΪոɱֻ𣿡Ǻ֮϶޳˵
Ҳ֣ÿαŷİ׹޳Ҳоֵ˵
ʱԭƮڿڵҲ޳
޳һƬ棬û뵽ڵȻԼƮֻ޳ڵȥָӴڵһ˲䣬һĸоϮ޳ڵһСһ㡣
޳Ȼֵ֣Ŀ޳ʵôˣ
ڵз·һɢ޳˵
ڵȴһνӴ޳·ڵʶһ㣬޳һߵʱڵʼΧ޳תǶ޳һֺ棬޳תһ֮ڵֹͣ޳ǰ
Ҫʲô޳ʵ
Ҳֻ֪ǸоƵһůעһ㡣޳˵ţҸоһ泩֮Ϯȫ
޳泩֮ʱȻǰ׹һα޳ϳַŭԼԵ޹ʱ׹ϮôΣھȻץԼš
Ƕǰеĺ޳һ޿κεĸоϾǺڰУԼȴڵ֮ϡ
ʱǺƸо޳ŭһ׹ֻΰ׹֮ʱһ
޳ŭ˵Թ޳ΪԴǣ
ǺһӰû޳תԶԶһӰ֮ϳһĨЦ
ٿڵʱ޳ζ䶯ţ޳һֶһ㣬΢΢ɫĹâ޳ƶȥ
޳Ȼ󾪣Ϊʱ˭Ҳ֪ڵͼ޳һָо޷ڵơ
컺Ҳǲɵһѵڵʲôͼ
ǣ޳ڸоƵ֮󱳲֮ȴʧʧ֮ԭѵƤȻš
ʱ޳ڵΪʲôԼΧתԭڼԼ飬޳û뵽ڵڵȻԼôĺô뵽޳вһϲ
޳뷨֮ǰ׹һδֻȴޱȵС޳вɻ
ǰԼǳķŭ׹ҲǺǿԼŭ֮С׹ҲǺС
Ѳ׹ԼĿƣ޳
ҹʯԶһһ޳ҲоģֻĿ޳֪û뵽ԼһﾹȻô¡
ӽʯֵʱǺеӰͻȻֳһ־ı飬ԭǹصЦȻʧӰѾоǽ֮˵ķŭ
޳ȻҲܸоһ֣޳двãΪǽӽͬʱڵȻ궯궯޳оһ˿ʹڵļ䱻ĳ廽һ㡣
Ȼһһ޳ȥ޳һʱûжڵڵͻȻĹ޳ĸ첲֮һѪ
޳ȻˣڵȻ޳˵ķоһ˿ԣǺݺһȭڵڵѾ֪ͼڵΧһϣ͸粣һ㣬һȭ粣Ȼȥڰȥֳֵ֮֮
۾һı飬黹δɢ֮ʱı˲ʹ࣬ԭϲһȭͷ֮ϣڽȭͷסͬʱԭ͸ϾȻһ⣬Ǻȭͷ֮ӿںȭͷӴһ˲䣬һǿųݺݵĵ˳ȥ
˲Ա߷˳ȥڷɳȥһ˲ϵĺⲢûʧһɼһϮеٶ֮ȻԾ
и޷ܣΨһİ취ԼŤϣԼǿڵϣǶԼ˸
ǣУ˸ȻŤ壬صĵ棬Ӵһ˲䣬̫ǿֱ浯ڵϷºͣ
Ǻڿһʱںݺݵˤڵ棬ĹͼƱݺݵķһ㣬һз
ԭΪ֮ԼͲܵϮ뷨˲ˣֻڵһһĹԼ
Ӵһ˲оľȫһ㣬Ȼһº㲻ٶĿĿǰ
޳ѸԣǴʱܸоһУҲûӳˣΪڵҵһľȫѡ
ʱһɻһҵ˺Լľʱľһδεĳ鶯š
޳
۾΢΢һԶ޳ȥ޳ǰʱϢѾûˡ
޳ֻһһ㷴Ӧûˡ


1746 ֮
Ŵʱ޳еŭȻû뵽ΪԼȻ
޳ŭ֮ʱǰ׹Ȼʤ޳Ϯڽӽ޳˲ǰ׹Ȼȥ޳о˺һʹ޳沿ϲûбֳһ˿ʹ֮С
Ȼת޳ݺݵĿɫڵڵʱѾ޳ǰ
ǣһΪôõİˣû뵽Ϊ͵Ϯǡ޳ݺݵ˵
⻰֮ɫڵȻâʤʤ֮ʱΧһ𽥵ıڵţڻ޳
޳һĻиֻ޳ݺݵڵϮȥһ޳һȭݺݵĴڵ֮ϣǵ޳ȭͷڽӽڵһ˲侹ȻֹͣˣֹͣǱһǣסˡ
һһ㽫޳ĸ첲ݺݵ˨޳ĸ첲˨֮Ȼȥ޳оƶǱ޳ǰԵôС
ڵ޳˿̶ǻܺõ޳ȥ
ֻڵȻһһ߳޳
ǹ޳ͫıţǾ޳һ˲⾹ȻƾʧˣԭǹߵȸҲûˡ
޳иеһ˿棬޳ͬʱǿеĽͳķס֡
޳΢΢̧ͷǿпȥֻǽڿһһ㣬һڵ㣬ڵ·һˣֿ볤ࡣ
޳۾˿˿Ŀ⣬޳ȫ֪˭Ҫʲô
λǸСðλʵҹ̲ܽϡǽз졣
ʱ޳ףԭĸˣĸ׵Ǻòȫͬ
ɫڵһʤһι޳ֻʤ֮ʱǽȻڵջصԼߣڵƺһ˿Ըһ㡣
ڽǰɫڵһǳһ㣬ǣڵһηƣֻǽ⽫ڵĿԡ
޳ڵľٶһƬ֮ӿ޳ΪʲôڵͻȻ꣬ԭǸӦԼĸ˰
˵ʵĶӾǺọ̇̄ܽ޳ǽ˵аһ˿հһ˿Ц
˵ʲôǺеӰڿ˵ˣ˵ͬʱһ׹޳ϡ
ֻǽһɽˮһǺȥǺ֮ȻһԭͲ־ıʱһ㡣
ȥɣǽзеӰ˵
Ϊʲôˡǽ⻹δʱǺеӰʵ
ΪûпܺҶԲŵҶ߷٣ǽе˴˵һֺǴӽбŷȻһɢȥ޳˲оӭһ쫷磬ϵɳʯ˲䱻ֱ֮쫷ȻУɳ˲ʯ֡
ã쫷ϯŻɳݺݵ棬޳˶ʱоܵķĵϮһ㡣
ɳ֮ǿеĺƾ֪ȥ˺δֻһɫƼ֮ʧˡ
Цˣ¾Ȼλǰǽеǫѷ˵
û£͵ҹܽˡ޳ǻɳ֮ʱȻоһ˿ǽһкֻԼģ޳ʱΪ˵
ǣ̣ܽܽ̾С𣿡ǽеȻʱһζ޳˸
ϻ𣿡ηʵ
ȻᣬʲôǽеȻһһ㡣
Ȼ˵ˣҲԸоӾǸ컴ʱҲ̲סеŭ˵
˵ʲôǽȻʤȻʤĽƳһ˫һ컻޳ſеĴ֣о
ͣ˵ô죿޳ǽ޳εֻѡЭٲЭ̼ữΪУֻ޳֪仰᲻е˲ʲôá
޳仰֮ǿ˶ȻϮڿԽԽ޳Ѹٵǰֻ޳֮ͣһƷ罫޳ߵɳʯ޳ǰڷͬƷݺݵĴ
޳΢΢ס˫ۣǻɳ޳һۼ
ô죿ҪôҪô㽫Ҷӵ죡ǽ֮д
죿оʵ𣿡޳ǽ˵
Ҫ죬ֻҪȥ֮ɽѰʯͿˡǽеƺ
֮ɽʲôط޳С컡
½Ķ򣬴˵֮ɽһаĵطﶼ޷ȥܾȥԭɡ컵ص
ãҪӦһ顣޳ǽ⡣
ûʸ̸ǽ֮ڵ˻ص
ɱԼȥɡ޳װһ˿ε˵
㡭޳Ǿ仰֮˵ǰһķֻ޳컻֪֮ɽֻԽ룬֮һʼ͸Ӧˡ
У˵ʲôǽеЭʵ
Ǿҵѡ޳ָ˵
ǽе˺޳ߵһ˲䣬ǽӰ΢΢һʶһ㡣
ãǽе˻صãʱסһᱣ֤ˣҲһʡ
ֻҪܱ֤İȫҿ޳˿Աߵ˵ϾѹҲҸطúõϢһ
ҸոΪԼܵˣ֮ɽ·;ңԶ޳Ҳ·;ΪԼܵ˺
ǽһ㣬Ȼһ㣬޳Ʈھոڵ֮޳ܽĿ㡣
ֻӿƮ£ڵ޳֮ǽĹâʧһƤ޳ǰ
޳аôƤ
ȥ֮ɽĵͼڸ飬鷳ʱʹãмֻʹΡǽеֻ޳ȻоϤƺһ㡣
ãϣһʱܹҵѺˣ޳˵
ȻģǻʱҲȻܹӦе˵
˵ǽһʷȥ屻һƵĹƮǽⷽƮȥ
֮ǽʧʣһһʧҹա
ֻǣǽڵӰڷȥԶ֮ǹһĨյЦԼԵɫڵȻ飬ɫڵһĨɫķĩӿƮ
ϵ޳컿Žʧһ˿Ͼ㿪ʼֻ
߰ɡ޳˵ţǽƤǰ·


1747 
ҹҹ£޳ʯֵһȥֻ޳һɻ󣬶ɻ޳ֲ֪Ժδһʱָо޳оһ˿˿Ĳ
ͷ޳ı鲻ʵôˣ
ûʲôܸо˿ԡ޳üͷ˵
ﲻԣ컿޳ʵ
Ҳ֪˰ɡ޳˼˵
û˵ʲôԵ޳һ˫޳ı۰
޳ɻĿ컣ʱ޳оҲһ㡣
޳ĵĲЩǾȥ֮ɽȥҵʯսǽ֮оȳ
컵Ĵ޳߳ʯ֣߳ʯ֮޳طֱԴԭɳʯʯ֮Ȼôһط
ֻ޳ǰĵطһһһ峺ĺʣˮһԲµӰ棬΢ĴǺˮ΢΢һԲµľҲƮһ㣬һĹɫâĴƮɢ
΢£ǺɫڿƮһ˲޳вһĪϲøС
һ޳һéݴȻΧһéݻԵ˵ļį
컵Ĵ޳éݴȥʱ¹޳⾰ôĺг
ߵé֮⣬éݣé֮ű컴򿪡
ɣŸʲô컿޳˵
طڻô治ǶôƯ޳Χһ˵
ǰȻ׺ǻŵҲǺģʱһԴÿʱҲֵʱ򡣡éǰĽ˫ſεС˵
컳ı޳˵ʲôʱԼֵĻС
ãվһɫɴڶ˼¡
ϴɣոյķɳ̫ˣ϶ɳء컿޳˵
¹£վھһľ̨ԣϸָתھ׵ľͰһˮ
һˮҡҷ֮ϣˮ羫һ㣬¹˸ţһһľͰ
˽֮ϵɳʯϴȥ߽֮éݣéǼª˵ֻ֮
޳ƣڽéݺҸطȥֻ޳ַ֮һĨɻɻ޳˯ȥ
峿һ㳯º͵ĹߴéݣԵþǰ߲һ޳лѡ
΢΢ʵ˫ۣ޳оé֮кʣԼ
Ȼ޳ĿĴѰңѰҵ컣ط޳Ȼ֪ǧطôңҲǱ鲼ޡ
Ҵ޳ȥֻһվһڽռ¶ˮһ£ԵѾһꡣ
컣ʵѾ𴲣Ŀľǲժų¶һ
ɻ޳ʱѾʵ
ǵĴͳпʱҪһ⡣컱ϸѰ۵һ˵۵֮ϳһ˿Цݡ
޳û˵컵Ӱ޳ܹоѾþûвɹһˣΪҲûܹŵˡ
ã޳˵Ҫˣչ˺Լ
ȥ֮ɽ𣿡컿޳˵
ԡ޳ͷ˵
һһˣƺѾ뵽һ㡣
޳û˵ֻ˵ͷ
컿޳éݣ֮컴é˾ֻ׼õ
ҲҪ뿪޳ʵ
ͷ
ȥʲôط㲻ûгɽ𣿡޳ֵʵ
Ҫһȥ֮ɽ컵Ĵ۾˵
޳ͻȻԾĿ컣طԼİһ·֮ϻкܶ޳֣Լûһ˿Լ»ʲô⡣
ȥһ·Ӧñ޳˵
ԼҲΣհһȥܻܽѪ䣬㶼һ˭ģҪ컵ͷһò˵
޳ϸ뵽˵Ҳԣһʼļ־
ðɡ޳ص
Ҿ֪Ҹ㣡컿޳Ц˵
˵֮㳶޳ȥ޳ҲǴһû뵽컾ȻôŹ֡
ֻ߼֮޳ͳǰ·ڵƤƤǽ֮ض֮ͬɽĵ·ϸ˿޳оҲûʲôãԼԭͲ˽ʲôͼȻӻˡ
޳ֽͼŻڣֻ޳ͼŻڵһ˲䣬ǰȻһ˿⣬ֻһ֮ȥ
컸о⴦һתͷȥȻʲôҲû֡
޳ԭĵͼµļһ飬޳Ǵµı־ţѾ˼ʱ
ǰ֮ؾ޳һɳĮԵĵ·ɫľԶԶȥǰһɽǰ棬ɽǹͬʯɳ磬ɫľȴǲɽ
޳ߵ컣޳̯̯֣˵ԼҲ֪Ϊʲô״
ֻת޳һ˲зһӰ֣Ӱ·֪컷ԼǱһʧڿС
ҡҡͷ֪ǺӰ˭ֺΡ
ʱ޳ԶĴɽûע⵽컱ı仯
ڿ֮޳Ųɽȥ
ɽԭ޳̤֮Ȼһ˿֣Զ֦ͷȻɣǱʲôһ㡣
޳üһ˿ײɽ׶༪١
Ϊյ֮ɽ޳Ǽǰš
ɽ֮޳ûио濴ִͻɳɽ֮г˸ղŵҲûʲôȻĿ¡
Сġ޳ѹ˵š
޳ƾ˵仰޳ʱоֻ۾ԼԼȴֲַκεӰ
˽֮ʱȻɽȻ仯ԭɫľСȻһ˲ӲݴҰ֮
޳һ˲ת֮ȻʹôѸ٣޳ʹַ֮˱ضһ֣޳ûͣ½ŲǽŲĸӽΪͣ½ŲöԷһƣս֮޳Ȼ֪顣
ǵ˻δ߼ʱ򣬺ȻԱ߲ݴһ궯궯Ծǹ
һ棬޳ȴΪԷȫΪ֪ԼʵԴʱ޳װʵӡ
֮ԽԽ޳ҲûҴ
޳Ϊͨһɽ·ʱ򣬺Ȼ޳ǰȻһľľʶһ޳컵ǰ


1748 
޳ĽŲʱòֹͣϾǰ̫ˡ
˿Сĵ㡣޳˵
һʼҲǻûһ𣿡컵ν˵
㲻һԼԼĸо֮ʱ֮һ޳컵˵
ʲô֮һ˿ʵ
ȻǰΧǵˣʲô޳˿̿ε˵û뵽컾Ȼ仰û⣬СŮǸóʶˡ
ɫɵĽֻǰһóɾԼҲܶԸȻԼǿѾоҲ̫ǿļϼ
ֻôһϼһܹԸģ˵Χкܶ࣬ҲѶԸ컵˵⻰һһ
ϼʲôȼ޳ʵ뵽Ѳ½Լصļϵͳ
ϼǼ͵һ㣬޹Ϊߴ󼶱𣬰ֱ̫֣֮ΪȻϣϼײ㱻컿޳˵
޳΢΢ͷԭ绹Լصϵͳˣ޳˵֮вһ˿ϲΪԼоϢⱻϼ
޳Ҳ֪ΪΣԴս֮ԼоȻ֪ĳһϢϢƺܹΧڵΣգ޳оһ˿ϲãȻԼûлָǣܹӵΧҲǺܲġ
û£Щȼߵġ޳˵
Ҳ֪ڲе޵ĵȼ˵Ҳϼ˵ĵͷо޳ʧһ컵ֱ޳оһ˿Ц
ðɣҲû飬Χǵƺûе⣬ܾһķɡ޳˵ţһ˿ο
ҲԣҲģʱֻһֻҪǱˡЦŻص
ֻ޳ԭأ·֮ȭ˵λ֪ˣ﴿·дţϣλܹ½⡣
޳˵˻ԺǴкӲ·һ˫˫۾ڶţڷ׷׶Ժһ˫˫۾޳ǰĴҡ֦һĬ˼
Ĭ֮󣬺ȻԭӲݴ龰һ˲С޳вһ˿ˣͬʱһҲ޳вѵֻЩȼµûиˣûи龰任֮ôʩչ˳
ǼȻԷԼȥ޳Ҳڶʲôʱе鶼ŪģʱһҪŪʵԼ컻ɥڴˡ
޳̧Ų̤֮ʱȻƺһů֮󣬷·ʲôںۡ
ǹȥ𣿡
ǹȥǺ𣿡
˾ɽ̫ϧˡ
ֹɽȫɱġ
޳˵ҲߵЩţ޳ЩȻоɽбΣ޳ҲȷⱳԼûж⣬ھҪҪԼ
޳ֻñһ̾ⳤ֮̾һߵ˱
λ
޳ԭ̤Ĳͣת
޳ת֮ȻһԼûˣ޳ĴȥĴľӲݼͬûκˣ޳ܸӦһ˿˿ϢĴڣֻҲϢķԴ
˲ʱɽƺ˷
Ϊ˵޳ʵ
ɽвʺ࣬˵Ӧװɣߵֳ֡
ȻףҪ±Ҫᴩɽллѡ޳ʾл
⺢ôôִ˵ߵγˡ
ֻߵβ״Σߺߣֻ߶Լ⣬ƤΪɫͷҡ
ߵĳ޳ĿһĿߣȻòر֣һиС
ѵɽôΣ𣿡޳ʵ޳뵽Լʦ
ѾΣˣȰ㻹ǻȥɣֻˡ߿޳ϸһ˿۰ı顣
ʲôΣҶҪȥģлүү޳𾴵˵
ȻǺðɣ뽫°ɡ˵гһ⣬һƤһӡ
ǣ޳ʵ
Ƥɽеĵͼ飬Ǿÿ˶еƷߵ˵
ôصĶô£ĺˣⶫҲҪ޳æм˵ʱߵ˼֡
ҪˣǻСĺһôܿŻʧߵ˵
˵佫͵޳ǰ޳ʢȴǽƤ
һر޳дһ˿𾴵
Ҫʲôرɽϱץסʱ˵ҸǵľУ˲ҪʱҵܵǣǺܲܵġ˵
ģһ˵ģʱǾ͸ˣܽձضر޳𾴵˵
ãȻִҪȥǾȥɡ˵
޳֮תɽȥ˵ĿĿˣ૵˵ϣܹƽɡ
δ̫Զ޳ȻоһůһĨм֮ٴӿԼĴʱԼһһزʶ֮ˡ
һ֮޳һ컽޳ĽŲ
үүǴ顣С޳˵š
ǰ޳صȻܸом֮顣
ˣոǾүүǵءʵ
޳컵ĻｫӴǰ·˳ֻӴʱûκιǵڿб¶һ֮ӾȻ΢΢ɫɫâͬʱ޳徹ǰһʧˡ
Ȼһţе޳
޳ʱ֪컿Լ޳صôˣ
컺ûһ㣬ֻ컻ڽ޳޳Ȼоһ˿ԣ޳ַŻ·ڣڷŽ·һ˲޳ȻǰԭĴѰ޳컱Ȼֵ޳һ
㣿컾ʵ
黹ǿԣոҾͨˡ޳Ц˵
˵޳һס컵С֣ԭպȻͨ죬Ǽ޳ͳ컽ˣԭ޳ֻǰԼԭͨĻָ˳̬Ǳ޳ţ컵ĻһĨ
֮￴ˣ޳֮ȴǿǿ˴ˣ޳еȲѡ


1749 ʶ
֮޳óƤͼϸһо֮޳ɽܹΪĸ򣬷ֱΪͱĸвͬ죬ĸ滹һ죬ɽλõͼϲûС
޳ʱѾȷԼɽλãԼĿľɽı
ǵͼϼһ񶾵ޣĸĸݵͼϽʮ޳оһ˿ԤС
ֻԤлû޳ڸոĵطһҽУǽȴߵ޳üͷһвãû컷Ӧֻ޳֮ȥ
˴Ҵ֮ܵȵķִʱڵϣϷ֮һֻ·ϻͣڰա
ϻ޳Ķˣ޳ûбֳʲô֮ɫǿߣ޳Ȼŭ
˵ոոʲôˣ˵Ļҳǿȶųİ׻ݺݵ˵
ɱңҲģÿŁKûʲô³ģȻʱѾǻǲػص
Щ׷ǹʵֵ𣿡ǳ˵һֳЦ˵š
ԳһԴûʲôֵ벻ֵ߻ص
ãϹͷӲ˵ǳкȻóһޣⳤ޺ݺݵ߳ȥ
ס֣޳Ȼ
ʱ޳Ѿ齻컣Լα¶˳ڡ
мĿ޳ڳôһһ˿ԼǰСо
ߣСӣ˵
ʱ޳ûһ㣬˫ֱֱĿųԭֳһ˿мĳȴ´ǰ֮ˣ˵κε˵ֲƽࡣ
־ó
ѲСǸֹ֣
޳ԵҲǾȼ֣˴ʱ֮֮ŷƿԼĸҲûмֳܹ
зһ˿ɻ
ٶһ£ҾŹ㣡޳ͳһǳ˵
仰·𴥵һ㣬ʱһû뵽ྐྵȻԼ˵
Ӻδǳʱ˼֣Ϊ֪Ϣ֣֮һƽ֮ˣûκεķţڶ־Ǹ֣ĸ֣˻ΪԼ̫Լǰ˵Ʋһˣ϶޳Լеĵڶˡ
硣޳˵
ǳȻһû뵽ԼǰľȻ֮ˣ˵Ȼһ
һ䣬Ȼ֮ʲôǳ˿ʵһ𾴵ӣʵ޳˵ʱҲɹ޳ʵԣǿ޳ƣȰ⻰棬һԼŭǰ֪εˣôԼ˲䱻˺顣
ʵ⣬ظһ飬ٸҶһ£һ˲ҷ𣡡޳˵ͫһ
ΪĴ󻤷֮һȼﵽ̼㣬һ޿һսʤ񻰣Ǵʱͬһֻèǰһ㣬ֱóԼԼ
޷һ˿˵ΪԼĴԼŹһ֪СӣôԼܾͻᱻڷⲻ֪СӣôԼ³˵
ԣѡս޳Ͼ޳лûлһδ֪
޳仰΢΢̧ԭ峺Ȼ˽ɫǽɫĹâȫȻ󾪣ԭСӾȻṦȻԼиˣ
޳ܣΧ֮κη紵ݶԼ֮У΢΢һļһĨɫĹâ֣âֵͬʱ޳Ȼ̧첲Ķųһ˹ȥԭڿеĳȻԾܣǽٶ֮켸˲䵽ǰ
ʱڳͫһȻֻǳûļҽУѾˣǵһڵһʧΪ˻ҽ
˶ޱ𾪡
ǳʧ֮޳Ĺâ컼æܵ޳ǰһĨĿ޳
û뵽㾹ȻǸ֣ƽʱû磿컵ƤĿ޳˵
ֻ޳û˵һĹɢıǱ޳İ
㣿컾ʵ
߿޳˵
ȻԾһ˲޳һһ㣬ȻԼ˵
ǲǳԴҩˣ컿޳˵
ֻ޳Ȼʤһֳ컺ݺݵĵ˳ȥ޳һɸ˵˳
ֻ޳һⷺ𣬶ǽ֮ⷺʱֱ̧Ķ׼ڿлδµ컡
ʱ޳֮һ˿Ц˵̫ˣ
ǽɫâԽԽʤһͻһ㡣
Ȼһоʱ޳˵İ
ǽɫĹâȻһǽǴʤһֻ֣޳Ȼоһꡣ
ʵʱ޳ʶѾǰϹռݣ޳űǳһ˲޳һŭȻһɱ¾֮ϯȫʱ޳Ϲʶûռ޳塣
ϹûΪռĲͬʧȷе˵Ϲÿһ˶ǿ֮ǿʶռϹ֮Ȼʹá
Ǵʱƺ޳ʶҵţȻ޳ǹɽȥԭվ޳һʹӿΧһУʱ컺ݺݵˤ˵ϣˤڵϵһ˲žʹվʱ޳
ֻ޳ʱͷĺʹ֮ɫԭձʮ
޳СеȻûм޳ӣо޳ﲻֹֻһʶҪ޳һʶӵǿʶ֪Լݡ
вһֿ־֮С
Ҿ޳˵
߿޳ʹ޳ǰ߲û˵˫ַ޳ͷϣһůɫ޳ӿȥֻӿ߶ͷ΢΢һ壬ߺ֪һЩһ
ˣʲô鶼Ҫ֮¾ʱıһУӵһУӵһ֮ᷢĻкܶĿʱҪѧߵ˵⻰ֻ˵޳Լ


1750 ֮
޳̹£֮𽥳һ泩֮С
΢΢̧޳Χһֿߣ޳΢΢ͷе˼
߰ɣסһҪ飬ҪȻƾڵʵĶ֣ϣܼסҵĻٴδ˵
ǣǻɱǣġ컼е˵
ǲģа취ȻǳĴ󻤷֮һа취ġ˵
ʱѾ֪ɱ֮£һߣһʱ䡣컿˵
ǲǾɽгʱġЦŻص
⻰ô컲ʵ
ÿһﶼ֮ǩԼǼʹҲ֪ǲɽеᷢǵģֻҪ飬Ǳ߳ɽ߻ص
˵Ǳضᱻͷ޳Ȼߡ
û˵ǵ˵ͷ
޳ǶԿ֮ˣ뿪ҵԸ񣡡޳һĨᶨ
㲻Ķ֣߾ˡ˵
ǿ뿪ɽȥʱסһʱ䣬ɽ³ɽҲֵġ˵
еģǴɽеﲻ߳ɽģΪǿɽһϣ϶ûһãǶȴǡ˵ҡҡͷ
޳Ҳᶪ㲻ܵģ޳˵
ǣʱشһɽУһ˻𴫳
ʲôΧڱɱһзǺѸٵתš
˷۶ĺһԭĺڲƼ侹Ȼɫˮˮһ͸
֮һӰ֣ȫɫףǿ֮һڹⷢǱɴ΢΢ڵ֮һȻһ
ǵģŮۿһһ˲佫ɱǵĶԻ˵磡һص
磿Ů֮ϣԸеıɫӳĵĸˡ
ǵģ硣
֮ʲôѵǰ׺˵ģɴ֮۴΢΢һĵһ˿ɻ
˵Ů΢΢ڸӦʲôһ㣬ΧĿ˲粨һĴɢȥǿɢȥ֮ŮȻ̧ĵ΢΢һЦѾ֪һУֻЦԹ졣
ҪȥһЩʱգڶеңŮ˵
ʱ֪ŮΪηЦ֪Ϊʲô֮ΪʲôȻԳȥƽʱϰߣŮǽ齻ȥ죬ѵΪʵֲ
һ֮ǰҪһ£סҵĻҪȻҶģ֮ݺݵ˵
⻰߸ͷԣǼȻŮֲò
ǣȺͬػص
Щ޻ش֮ʱŮѾһźˡ
޳棬߼޳뿪۶һŽɫӣӿƽ߽ܣӵдݻɽ
˵ΣͷҲᶯ㣿ʵ
ǵģǲҪңӰҡ˵
޳̬̫ᶨû˵һھھ֮޳ϵȻâʤ޳ǰʧӵĴ߶£޳컾Ȼһק򱱷Ʈȥ
ƾ޳һûͣ¡
֪˶컺޳ͣʱ޳˲֪Լںδ޳ͳ·ڵĵͼһо֮ȷԼλãԼѾʮˡ
ǻȥ޳˵
컵Ǿʵ
ȻҲܽһ˶֮һŹġ޳еػص
ôôӣҵоĻӰ߶Ը컵˵
޳컲ʵ
ѵûз߲ǱϿȥֻһϼˣ컿޳е˵Ļ޳̡
з֣ȻϿȥСڴһǿȻڿ֮޷޳ʲôһ˵
ڸո߽̹עԼڵʱ޳Ѿ֣ʱ޳ʶȻѾȥȴȥʮֻ飬߾Ȼһ˲佫ƽȥ
Ȼ޳֪ǿ֮Ϲ޳֪Ŀ£ȻԼƽʱҲٿµԼڵ޳һ
֪УиոΪʲôɱңСʵ
ʱ֪ԼڸʲôҲΪʲôָоֺҾȻܹٴʩչôǿ󡣡޳֮ͫԳһ˿⡣
ֻ޳ʱûзкȻһ˿ʲôһ㣬ֻ˲֮Ĩʧˡ
Ȼ벻ͨͲҪˣҲܸоǲ㱾⡣컵ͷ΢΢һЦ
Ǽǰߣʱ䲻ٵˣһǽ֮˿ǺܾûΪˣɱô죿崿˵沿һĨ֮ͯɫ
޳΢΢ͷлǷĲߣϾΪԼܵǣ
ǻȥΪʲôǶûȥ޳Ĳߡ
޳⻰ո˵ʱȻǹֽ޳򱱷ȥ
޳һû뵽߾Ȼǿʹ˷޳ߵʱӵķܻԶ
޳Ȼһ޿κεĸо
ǹǽ컺޳ק˼ʮͣʱ޳ظŸոյĶ·óǵͼо˺ܾ֮˿ߵ컡
û˵ǰε֮޳Ҳ˵ȥߣ˵ֲ֪קȥ
ǰȥǻδȻһ˹

޳컶һۡ
ոʲô𣿡޳ɻʵ
ںȡҲǾʵ
޳̧ͷ۲ܷɽӲݴľʣࡣ

޳֮ʱٴδ
޳ȷķ򣬷ȥֻԼ治ԶһŮڴȣŮԱ߾Ȼһֻɳߴ֣ʱɫĴڶŮʺӡ
Ǵ޳оѾﵽֵȼһھԼ
ǿŴʱŮӵĺȣ޳Ȼһ΢΢һЦˡ
ʲôˣ컾ʵ
Ůӵķ˵޳Ůȥ
ҡ޳컻ͷ


1751 ༧
컿Զ޳һɻ󣬲޳ܵĶ컲ЦЦ֮вһɻɻǷԭʼıԡ
ʱ޳ѾǺŮǰŮӼ޳ĳһһ˿ϲ֮УһжԼһ㡣
󣡡޳ǰɫǵ
޳֮ɫһǴ޳ԱߵŮӣֻŮһĿ⿴ԭãȻ׶
Ȼɫվվ֮޳ŷȻߴɣԼǰԵôСȻ֮ϺȻһչʲô
޳ϸȥǴȻŴվȻ𽥵ıţ޳ѾöԸƾͿԽ޳ɡ
޳̬ûΪı仯ֺ֮ɫһĨŴʱ޳ҲһǸһ㣬Լ˵ôԼһܾ̿
ǴȻһ˳Ǵ޳ߵŮȥŮһ֮ɫ
Ů֮ɫǴȻһӽ˼֣ԭѾܴһα仯֮޳ͫоһڵһ㡣
޳ڹ۲֮ʱǴľ޿ںȻ˹˹һ̣޳оΧĿƱһտһǿѹ޳ǴĿмѹ
޳һû뵽ȻȻһУ޳һʱ֪Ǻãվ޳ߵŮȴգգڿ޳ôӦý
Ȼ޳һ磬Ǵ罫޳·ҵĴںڵͷڷвͣİڶţǣ޳ȴûиоһ˿һȳʪĸоĹһȳ޳оͷĿѣ
ڴͬʱǴһĶⶫһ޳ϸȥȻһƬƬƬƬϹ⣬ȻǹâȻʤâȻʤ֮һ㣬ǹǿķ˼֡
޹Ȼϼǿ󡣡޳˵ţǴȻĳԾߵŮͬҵҲһֳԾı飬ʵǽصʵҲֻ̼ǹʵ̽һ޳ĹԼеĹȫչ˳˾Ȼû˿ĺ֮⡣
ڴԼǰһ˲佫ɱˡ
ֻٴη֮ʱ޳ȻסŮ֣һ˲޳ŮڴǰʧˣǴԭɱ۾ȻԳһƬãû뵽ƶٶȾȻ֮졣
ŮҲȻĳԾû뵽޳ȻԼסʵ׵ΪʲôǰʵǿΪʲôһ˲Լȥ
ŮһãĿԱߵĴǴûзԼһ㡣
ŮһĨŭ˳Լһ㡣
ιȷſңҪȥŮš
һԵ޳ûһ㣬һֱ򶫷ȥ
ã޳΢΢ͣ½Ų˿ǴǴʱҲټſŮ֡
ھ㰡޳Ů˵
޳תŮһ˲䣬޳ŷŮôɰһ˫ţӣҰСŴ쵰ɻĿ޳ֻͫƵŮȻһֺ֮УĺȹŷܰڶţǿɵĺȹûڵŮǷġ
ܣŮ޳ɻʵ
ҪȻأ޳ͬɻʵ˲ǲ𣿻ַ
ӦɱǴŮеŭ˵
ɱûκι޳ֵĻش
ɱղôɱ˵ŮŹֵ΢΢ת㲻˵Ůа뵽Ȼ㽫ʵ˵
ôɱʲôôͻȻ˵ˣ޳ͻȻһһȻһĨɵʵ
ûʲôôȻɱڣŮ˵
֡޳ػص֪Ϊ޳ʱоŮ˿ԡ
Զ컿޳ȻŮﲻһƬ棬Ȼ޳Ǿ˵ʱ޳δΣ֮УﾹȻŮһֱ˵컲֪ΪоȻһĪ
ֻҪȥ֮ʱȻһӰ˵С㣬ҪĿġ
ǺӰ˵֮ʧڿУһ㡣
΢΢һüͷͻȻһһȻ۹һŮӦеɣһּᶨ֮С
ǣ˲֮Ȼ˶૵˵ܲôˡ
˵޳ȥǻδֻ޳ȻŮһ˻ˣвһĨϲ֮С
ι㶪ҾôˣǺŮ˵
ѾûΣˣԼɽȥɡ޳νػص޳ڸоŮһ˿֮㲻Ů
ôɽ·ˡŮС˵޳ȥ
޳ûŮһֱȥ
ǺŮȻҧҧ촽һĨŭ뵽ʲôһֽŭȥ
һ͸ˣŮߵ޳˵
ʱ޳Ѿ컵ߣŮ˿޳ߵ컺ȻһŮʶһ㣬ɵĺŮҪסԼա
ںŮҪס֮ʱŭźŮ
ŮȻһ˵ѵԼˣ
˭컿źŮ˵
ŮԭŵȻķԭŮֻΪԼҪˣŮȻϲ
ǸոձλµŮΪɽ·ԲŸλǺŮһ˵
Ҫ˵ɽﲻһʲôҲСŮôʱģֻƭǣǾذɡ޳ֱӵ˵
޳սľ黹ܹŮĻģֻŮݼ̫
ûк˵ֻǱɽһҴС㣬ΪԽɽУɽ·ѣֻȥǰЩŶǴˣΪ˻ȥŸ㣬ҪȻҲŲϡأȻ㻳Ҿϲ⣬ߺˡǺŮίı˵
˵ЩԺŮתȥŮ¶ıӰǱһ¡
޳˿컵ı飬̾һ£֪Ƕ컵֪̾̾Ϣġ
޳Ҫת֮ʱȻŮǱʲôһ㣬Ȼ˵ϣŮĿ޳оһ˿įһ˿¡
컿޳۾˵һɽ·أ
ȥɡ޳ҪŮĶ˵
Цŵ˵ͷǺŮȥ


1752 ͬ
ߵŮԣǶڵϲ˿ڵŮĶȥӳǰǺŮϥǴ˿ڣ˿ڴʱڲͣѪ
üͷһ壬ֻһĨɫĹâ֣Ů˿ڴḧȥǽ⸧֮˿ھȻһ˲ˡ
ǺŮϵʹ˲˺ܶ࣬ǺŮʹ֮ɫװģ޳ԼߣŮֻÿƣû뵽˾Ȼϵˡ
ŮһЦЦǶ컵һֳЦ
컽ǺŮԶ޳޳Ҳûһ𴦿ȥ޳еɻһֱͷҲ޳һ˿档
Ϊʲô޳ĵ˵
޳ٴ̧ͷʱѾǺŮԼǰ
컿޳۾޳ͬ⣬޳δ˵תȥһжԼ޹һ
컿޳ıӰȥ컸ȥһ˲ʾǺŮϡ
ҽ༧ܸлǾҡǺŮ˵
ŸĺŮ˵޳컡
Գ༧Ů޳ֵʱȻһԭеɻ˲ʧ૵˵ѵģ
ֻС޳û
һ·ֻ޳ҪԼ˵
˲֪˼ʱֻɫϦɢһĨ֮ȥɽ֮Уľɭǽڰһ
ҹ֮ɽһ뵵һƲľ΢ԭϡСһɢȥڿһ֮»һеմҶ֮ϻһˮ֦ͷҡҷ
ɫǾҸطЪϢΣ༧С˵Եþƣ
ҲãҲд⡣컼æص
޳΢΢תˣû˵ܿȥ
гһգ޳Ҳоƣ룬ɽмʹϢҲӦС£޳ȽΧĻ̽һ飬ȷΧΣ֮޳ת컡
ţȥǰҸ֮޳䲻˵
Һһȥص
ʱǰ༧תһµ˵ҲҪһȥҪȻԼ¡
޳ʱףΪʲô˵Ů˾鷳
ðɡ޳ε˵
޳ѾڲԶһɽɽ˷һ㣬ɽ޳˵֮
컺༧޳ɽԣɽԱ֮޳гһĨ棬ԶɽɽԱߺӲݴƱܾһ㡣
ɽԱ޳Ȼ֣ĳһ㣬ЩۼϿ޳϶ÿ춼
޳΢΢һô
޳΢΢̧ǰɽＫпɽ档
á޳˵һ˿֮бŷ
޳еĻüһƺ޳˵˼̣컽ԭԼ·ڵ˳
ǣó֮ʱɽкȻźɫĹʣǴһϷ
ʱ༧沿һ˿ЦݣĳԼ˼һ㣬ֻҹ컺޳ûз֡
Ѿó˽ʧںҹɽеĺҲʧˣ༧һ
༧аΪΣ
Һӵ顣Ц޳˵
ʱ༧лȻ򣬾ȻڴʱǾ峤޳ˡ
飿༧װʵ
԰һλ߸ǵġ˵һĨ˳˵컽֮У༧ǰ
Ưֻܷܲһ£༧һ崿˵
Ȼԡ˵컽е༧ȥ
ֻ༧̧ȥ༧ϸָӴһ˲Ȼȥĵ༧ȻеǷ΢Ӵй
༧嵹µ˲Ѹٽڵץץ֮༧ϸֳһĨЦ⣬Ȼ˫Ȼݹ⣬΢΢龹Ȼ༧΢΢ſƣѳɷĩһƮȥ
ֻ⶯ֻһ˲䣬˺޲컸оֻӲУ༧ҲֻΪβȶȥ
컼༧ȥ̽༧𣬵༧֮컲뵽ѾԼвˡ
ô༧㡣ʵ
û£лл㣬컡༧װδӻص
ֻǻδ༧˵ѾȥƺӲѰʲô
Ǳ뿪޳˵˿УΪ޳ѾоɽдʱһڲǲԽԽǿңǺɫ֮һγˡ
ǣ黹ûҵ컵˵ʲôһ
ʲô鶪ˣ޳ȵʵ
԰ڸոգ༧ʱҲСİŪˡί˵
˾Ͷ˰ɣһֱӻʱӵʱǱ뿪޳˵
ʱ༧аЦȵ۾޳ٿ޳ôһ㡣
޳뿪༧Ȼһû뵽ⱻ֮ʮֿ֮˾Ȼʲôܣ༧лԼõʧǷʵ
ǣȻѾ˳ǾͲܾˣ༧
ֻ༧ϸָڿɵһΣһɫĹɽƮȥ
ɽƮȥ֮ԭӼ֣ԭʵĺȻĹɽ֮ɽ˳
ɽйȻޣ޳˵
뿪ǵʵ»ɽе̫ˡ༧װһ֮˵
˵༧תȥתһ̲޳½Ǻݺץ𣬽ԭɽ޳ݺݵק˹
ǣ༧沿ǹһЦָпٵı䶯ţָ䶯䣬ǰȻһɫĹ
ɫһϸһڵϲͬөİɫϲɫǰȥ
ʲô컺ʵ
޳һǰɫߴȥڴ˲䣬ǰɫ߳ȸ޳оȻ׻һ㡣
ᾧ޳˵һ㡣
һǿ޳ʱ޳Ȼתȥ


1753 
޳ת֮󣬷ִʱԼɽǰһƳϻ㽡˶ԭɫ֮޳ʲô˫ۡ
¹⿴ȥ޳һɫƤëһ㣬ڿ޳ʱȻϵƤë𣬼Ȼڿֹ˳һĵͷԱߵӲƱ紵һ㣬Ȼҡ
ʱٻͷԭ𽥱ĹʱѾϿգ֮ɽעˮĻһ㡣
ǰɫˮĻ֮һɫƵĞָֻˮĻ̽ȥǣϸָδˮĻǿҵѾ컵̵ָһѬһ㣬Ȼһٽ˻
ѵǽᾧ컾ĿˮĻʵһˬ۾ֳһĨã
δ޳˻شֻǰɫ쿪ȥԣĿǽȫΧᾧ
޳΢΢üٴοǺ༧ȥ޳ֻڻûκιԼӵйҪûһܹᾧ
ֻ޳˫̤أҪһǴʱ޳ǵĶ֣
ʵ޳һ˿˽⣬Ϊ߸ԼĵͼжнܣǽǡɽһֻͨȼҲֻǣб
ʱȻǳ˳Ծ乥̫ǿ
޳ʱ뵽ôһߵޣôܹôǿĽᾧ˹Ⲽ£˻Լԣɽ֮ли͵ޣǵͼнƶӣԶвܲбԼ͵ޣܹ½ᾧ֮Լߣ޳ȻѾֻ֪޳֪Ŀʲôֺ޳ıԼǰ뷨
޳㻹Ķ֣һЩ컽޳˵
ãôһǿԶԸġ޳˵ĿǱǿȥ
༧޳ĻͻȻеһ˿ڣԼ½ᾧʱȻûпǵǵĵȼô͵ĵȼôԼ½ᾧ༧еͷһڣĻôԼͿ϶¶ˡ
ֻ༧üļ΢΢һڹ⣬ڹֻںҹ²û˷֣ڹ֮ǱͻȻһǱһĵȥ
ԭ۲ǵ޳жʱɻǾȻ˲ľٶ
ǻûе޳ɻ֮ɢȥǱǿɫëƤȻȫһһ¹Źâ
ԭ˫۴ʱȻںɫںɫҹ˸оһ־㤸Уǵͳ֮εͺ֮Ȼɢһ޳оһ˿
޳˼һ㣬Ƭ֮޳ûзʲô
ǾȻ䣿컻˵ڡ
䣿޳Ȼһһ޳ǵһ˵
ܹΧ֮ȻתԼҲûиоԼǵ㱡ٰ컻˵Լеɻ˼˵š
˵⻰֮Ĵ۲ȥܳǷŰ׹ˮĻĽᾧ⣬ûиԼĺӰ컸е档
ˡ޳һĨصЦϡ
ô죿༧һʲôҲʵ
ֱ޳оһ˿ЦҲ޳༧ӽԼĿһβȤŮ֪ԼϵܣԼ֪ġ
ãǡ޳༧˲˺ֻܶ࣬༧һʱоӦ
˵֮ʱǱǰצһ㽫ǽµٿһëĸӼӲɫ۾һ޳һͺ𷢳һ˿˿ճҺ
޳ҲѾս׼
һ˲һŨŨɱ֮һ紵ԭɢڵϵҶӲݱᴵֻƮȥ
Ǳ֮Ҳõֻ޳ǰƮһƬҶһ˲Ǳ͸Ȼ֫һ㳯޳
޳Ҷ֮ͫӳıǣ޳һû뵽ǱжȻ֮죬޳ǵϮѾ׼ֻǱ޳һ˲䣬޳˫ϥ΢΢Ȼ㣬צ޳ǰȻ
޳ڶܹ֮Ȼǰƶ
֮һ˻ǰƵȻŵأʹǰ֮µس°
Ǳ΢΢תһο޳޳ʱǾȣǾȻԵ컺༧ˣ޳Ծ༧⣬ʱҲ컣޳˿⡣
ںڵۿкֻ޳һĿ꣬δ޳׼һ˹
޳οƶǶǵĹ
ζ֮޳Ŵǰıǣֻغϣ޳ҲΪԼƣ֮С
ǲ޳룬ɫѾԾգ޳ܵȻ䲻֪ΪξȻҲԾ޳оһԼ·ܿһײȥ
ԾȻ޳˽⣬ڵ޳ôֵܹǵײ
ǡͻȻŴһ֮дд޳ɱ֮ı仯
ʱ޳ǱײȻײ߶ݺݵⵯȥߵԲƬҶһƮȥ
ãȻأһʹ޳оȫ˺һ㣬Ĺȫһ΢΢̧ͷ޳Ǳǿȥ
ֻǱҲڵϣ¸ոյײǱԭǵҲòȥǾʱ༧üͷ΢΢һǺɫâںڹⷢԺǱǾȻһվȻ˽Ƿһ㡣
ǱĹȴصı仯޳ɻǱԭΪʲôܹôѸٵվ𣬳˿ǵʶ
Ե༧ڸո޳ͱײ֮ҲͻȻܵײһײȻǿңǲ˵Դ
༧Իֲָ֮Ƕ޳𹥻ʵ༧ĿֻһĿںܶ޳֪޳ȻоޱȺЦ
ּԼıǣ޳һݹ
˭޳΢΢䶯δ⴫ȥ
޳žʹվֻ޳վһ̣ز·һⷢ΢΢һ޳˲оʹм˼֣޳еͬʱиеһ˿ϲá
ʱ޳Ҳ֪Լؿڴʲô⣬Žķ޳оԼмһɹɹӨ֮İס޳˫֣޳оһǿԼۣ֮Ȼ䣬޳оԼָƽʱֻƽʱԼзʽͬ


1754 ս
ĳ޳о治٣ھͬʱ޳ϸѰԭѵֻز·Ľ⡣
ʱѾ޳룬ֻҹƮһӰӰԾֺڿֻһʧĺۼ
Ӱֵͬʱ޳оһ˿ڼٵԼϮԼĪ޳Ϥ޳˿еԦ˵üͷ
Ȼ䣬һư׹޳ǰ֣׹ֵͬʱһһԼϮ޳Ŀһҹоѷֻ֣ں¹غϵһ˲뷴ɫ
޳Ծƶ˿˿з΢΢޳ֻоһԼߺХüĴһ޳Ȼ˫ֻۣ޳ӳĳһ룬һİԵ˾Ө͸ǣȴһĨ޷ֵĺ⣬ΧĿ˲䶼һ㡣
޳Ѹֻ̧֣ƼһŻӿĻƮºͻȻΪɭɫɭɫĻȼͬʱԭĿһ˿˿ˮǱˮɭһ㡣
ɭɫĻֵͬʱԭѾ䵽޳ԱߵȻֹͣȦȦɫ֮ƴĵֿɫĽֻǣǰɫ̫ǿңڽӴһ˲䣬ƾлΪޡ
¹£һ㣬ֻһ˿ĳ죬徲֮վ΢յ˫֡
ֻվΧǰɫâȻڿش󣬺ԷҪַԻ޳һ
Ȼ䣬޳˫ۣ˫ֿҲȥһ˲䣬һɳȵӿɢȥǳˮһɢȥ
ǿеԭİɫȻܵһȵԼϮ䣬ڱŷһɱưɫĲһ㽫ĳȰڰͬʱϺȻǳһıƬ֮ǱųԼڣԼһ㡣
޳۾΢΢һȻ̧ǰɫȥٶ֮쾹Աߵ컺޲
أ
һ죬ԭ޵ĿһͷɫǣǱǡ
Ӵͬʱ޳ĹǱڵϵ˼֮󣬺ݺݵˤ˵ϡ
޳ڵϵıǣֻڵ֮һȫѾ˱ΣԸո޳һѾ˱ǵĳܷΧ
ڵϴŴպϼһ˿˿
޳Ѿ˵ڵϣ޳ؿڿȥֻؿȻĽ⣬޳ֵǽĨȥֻǽ޳Ӵһ˲䣬ˮһʽ޳С
ǽ޳һһ㣬ڷǽۣһյʱ֮ǽֹͣ˷ǽŷĽҲ
֮޳еĽʧȴһƤƤ޳һ۾Ϳ⾹Ȼ޳ռʱڵϷֵƤ޳û뵽ؼʱƤȻܹעԼ塣
޳ѸٽƤ򿪣ǣ֮޳ƤȻûаֻ֣һӨ֮޳Ƥһ˲Ʈɢȥ
ΪʲôǰΣյʱƤûнעҵڣΪʲôÿѵʱӵĪң޳а˵޳һʱⲻˣҲ޳Ĳ档
޳̫ˡһֻɵСһ޳
ѡ޳˵ûдǰɻ
ʲô¡µ۾޳˵
ô£޳ЦŻص
༧вһ˿˿ŭԼĿĻûдﵽǾȻˣ༧вŭ
üļ΢΢ڹ⣬ڹ֮ǾȻһվ
ԭ̸Ц޳Ȼоһ֣޳ȻתȥֻǱѾվ
ã޳гһ֮ɫ
ʱǱѾǰβһΣѾȫεĹǿȥ˿죬ڵͫһһ˿˿ˮһĻ£ǱѾ̿һ
ô£컾Ŀ޳ʵ
ȶһ㡣޳һߡ
һͺ֮޳޳һŷǴȥǿ⣬ûк֮⡣
޳һô£
ǻδ޳ʧǱߺǽײһ޳оʲôײһ˼£˫Ȼ浲ͷǰ
˫Ȼһţ޳΢΢ס塣
Ǳǣǽײ䣬ڹʤȻԭǵ
ͬһԲһıǣݺݵĽ˻޳Ž⾡ͷıǣ޳д󺰲ãû뵽ôѶԸ
ֻʱɺɫ˽ɫ
޳ȵ˵˳
ʱ޳ŸоǵĿ£Ȼ޳֪ڱ֮һǿǣǣֻӱǵ⹦ȫǱԭӵеġ
Ǳս֮ʤʱǱǻǽ⣬ǽ֮󣬱޳ͷƮȥ
޳еһ˿˿ĺ棬֮һֲԤвǱǵα䶯䣬⽫ԭɫëƤǡ
޳ͷ֮ǱȻչ壬ԶԶȥԲ֮£һֻڿеͺ
޳ǽӿ֮㲻ӵκι޳һ
Ȼδ޳ζԸǵİ취ǰеıȻһɫĹȦȦڱǾһ˰ֵӡᡣ
űǱ䶯ΣȻǴ罫ӲݺľȻշȥҼǱǾȻûбӰ죬ΧĽɫֽһһ档
޳ǴݺݵĴţ޳˫۵ǰһƬƬҶƬһ޳·˺һۼ
޳ڴ紵ǿȥֻʱıͷһȦɫḶ́һռһ㣬ԲתǻռҲת
޳֮ʱԲ̾Ȼһ޳ͷƮȥ޳бǰʱԲֹͣƮ
޳ĿűǺԲ̣һֲ֮ӿ޳ͷ
ֻԲ΢΢⣬ڽ֮ⷺԲھȻһεˮ飬ֻˮµεʱ򱻱ӡǽɫˮ龹Ȼȫ˱룡
Ǳγ֮ԲΧڵȴһ㣬޳üͷһƶԲȻһ½֮ǱϸһǱʼ׹⣬ǰ׹΢΢ʱҲҪһ㡣


1755 Σ
޳ǵϸĽԼȻһ޳Ҫܵʱŷǽ뼸޳·ߣȻ޳֪ϮʲôЧǿƣ޳Ҳ֪òȥ
Լʱ޷ܣ޷޳һ㣬޳Ը񣬵ǰƣǾһ֣ս
޳ƶ壬ӰںҹͬһֻܾСһ㣬޳߶ܱŶԲߣǽȴϸһӿһƮ£ǱԭΪ޳޷ܣҹɫԭǽ벢δԤƵλô¡
޳һʱ˴Ļᣬǣ޳ոͣΣһһеĿƺ޷赲ǽٶȣһƬƬƮҶӴһ˲䣬Ҷ񱻵ȼһȼ
޳ȼյҶаһԼУԼҲҶһȼմ
ǣҲǰ취ȥʹǽԼҲΪƣ
޳΢΢ת˼ʲôֻǣڹԼûа취ԸƮڿеޣʱ޳һ˿ŭ⡣
ⱳ֮ذ޳˵
˵仰޳һܹһϮȻԾǼ޳һ˲䣬һ޳ļưĸоϮȫ
޳ҧݣͷȥĽڵϣԭӲݴĵ澹ȻȼǸڴһ˲ϳּĺۼǽڵڻνˮ֮С
ǽˮĵϷһźɫǺɫ汻Ѭһ㡣
ȥС޳һ˵
ǣ޳̧ͷյʱ򣬾ȻǱǴʱΧԪأе¶˲Ҳ˼֡
ãտеˮԪء޳ȵʾĲˮԪرȫգԼܻܲȷҲʹ࣬Ͼֻʣ»Ԫغ¶Ȼﵽϰٶȡ
ֻǣǱǺֹͣˮԪأһ׹ţ˿ڿصķһ
ڷ֮ʱǱȻ壬ڶ֮һ絶ıƬӱڱ˹ǵƬڿбӨš
ʱԶȥ֮еһһɫ⴦ΧˮĻĹ棬иӰڲͣߣǰɫ֮ϣһһڲʱıɫͽɫţ֮аľһƬһ롣
ǱƬͽǹ֮е˱ȥǱ֮˵ܻ¼Ƭͽ롣
ù֮еʮջ𣬽ס˫ȭһ֪δɢ
ѵֻǿɺϻɱ˳༧а뵽ھ⼸β֮༧޳Ȼӵս⣬ǹʵ̫ˣȻżܱһ༧Ҳܸо޳ʶ
ѵУһΣܲסع༧ֻͣ
ֻ༧еָ㶯һϸСĹƮȥ
ڹߺͱഥ˲䣬ǻһǱһǿעȫһ㣬ע֮ǱǻȻһűڲ˲ǱɫᾧڵĶš
޳ԾֻоԼһļĹؽڴȻһ˿˿ľ֮С
ǱϮ֮ʱϸһĨ֮У弴һ㣬༧컿ȥ༧Ȼ뵽ʲôһ㡣
Ȼ༧гһ뵵壬巺Żƹ⣬ǿҪɽ̫֮ɫ·ڣڽȥڵһ̣컸оһ֮дǱлʧ
༧ջе壬Ŵʱ컣༧ϱֳһ˿Ц⡣
༧컵ıԼǲģ޳ǲ֮ˣԼӵҪ޳һõʯҽʯռΪС
Ȼ༧ԺвһЦ⣬ǴɽеĴھȻҪ󣬿༧Ҫ˵һ˲䣬༧񱻶׺֮һʹ
˵в£༧
ǣ༧û뵽֮˾ȻҪԼ޳ڵǱܼ༧һʱԽܣȻҪ⼤ֵǱܣⲻ
ǣ֮˼ȻѾô༧͵ִУԴʱ༧һֱ̽޳жٹǱصж
ǣ༧޳ڼûǱܣΨһһҲԼۿ
༧֮ʹԼ
ֻǱǴʱѾ޳Ŀ޳֮ǵ㺹Һ̣һĨɫ޳֮ϳ֣˪һ㡣
޳ԽԽоԼĽŲڼŲȻϵĿݲݱһ޳壬Ǳ޳СȲһֱһı⣬һĶᡣ
޳ϵ¶ڼţǹ¶Ҫڻһ㣬ڼ֮ǹ¶ȥǹ¶ҲǱڡ
ŰһƬƬҶ޳Ʈ޳תĴȥֻתһɺӿ룬ԭת˲Ǳסһ㡣
ǺûΪ޳ѾסֹֻͣǺ͵޳ڲӿȥǼ֮ϵıҲԽԽһյ֮޳ڱǽһ㣬ǾӨ͸ı޳һһվ档
޳༧˫޳ȥ
޳ıһɼ֮дҴܵ޳ߣ컵˫ִ޳ΧʱȻȥ
Ǻ֮Ȼ컵ָ˲ֻΪֻ˲䣬й֮Ǻڻˮ
ڽԼıڻ֮߶ʱһɫĹвƮǺֻΪ컹̫ͣԵɫ֮ﵽһ˲䣬ɫ֮Ȼˡ
컼æ֣һ˲䣬ǱͻͨķԴء
ʱ༧Ѿԣһ޵ı˵޳ôˣ
컿༧û˵ʱ컵˼ȫ޳ϡ
༧΢΢һӣԭͷŽԲֹͣǵĵƬҲͣʱֻ޳
ʱ޳оƱ꺮һ㣬ǹɹɺ޳ȥ޳ȫѾ޷
ʱ޳Ǻ֮ߣǾڱıĽѪҺ𽥳˱ǱǽѪܣһʹ޳Ȼһ
Ǻʼ޳࣬޳ó˿˿壬޳ķһ㣬ֻǻĻȻǺɣѪĻȻҲ
޳ʶȻ˼ţڱݱǵľһ֣ǸǾԲ޳ķߵġ


1756 Գ֮
ͻ޳ķ֮Ǻڽ޳࣬Ƶļ
ʱ༧ϾȻһĨаЦݣ޳ܼԼǱܣôֻܱĶˡ
༧ϣ޳ܹԼҲ뿪ɽȥǷ֮أðΣȥʯ
ԼҲȫѣϾ֮Լ˵ü޳ǱܣǱܵĹ޳ˣȻܹԼ־͹ʲôʵûУװһʵӡ
뵽༧ЦݸӲãԼϾͿȡһ
ʱ޳ȫͬһ޳Լֹͣ޳нԼֹͣôԼҲζˡ
ǣʱûܹ޳ڻ⺮޳ֻܿԼƾڵ޳ֻһ·Ǿǻı
Ǻദߣ֮඼ᱻڻ˼ֹ֮ͣ
ֹ֮ͣԭѪҺҲֹֹ֮ͣͣѪҺıѪܻڼٵıСţ޳ֻоһ˲ΰʹ
޳ʶɢԭ˫İȥ沿һƬİס
޳컿Ŵʱ޳ı仯ͻȻ
༧޳״вһĨϲãû뵽ǿ֮˾ȻԼĶˣԼ뿪ɽȥǷ֮ء
ʱ༧˼Լô˽
޳ôˣ޳ڱ˺ѷεĺš
һĨӰᾧ棬ӰѾ֪飬ӰûʲôӦ
ʱ޳ڷű仯ڵѪҺȻһ˿ɫǽɫֻһ£ȻʧѾѪҺٴγֵʱǽɫѾѪܵط
˷ΣǽɫѾ޳һ޳Ѫ̽޳
ڴ֮̽ǽɫ޳ദȥⱻѪǽɫڱпٵƶš
ɫĹǰʱȻһ⺮ıһĨŭ
ɫĵλãɫ֮ͣͣǽɫââޱȣеȴûʲô赲ߵദĺڻ
ֻ΢΢ڻһ㣬ɫâо֮󣬽΢΢ڹ΢΢֮ǺȻɫΧ˹ǽɫһ˿ŭû뵽⺮ȻϮԼ
ǹȻǺǽһ³ɢڳɢ֮Ǻǹɢȥ
ദıڻһ㣬ٴ֮ദıڻ˼֣ǺΪľ޴󣬶ɢȥһ㣬ദıһڻ֮޳Ǹһ㣬΢΢һ£ֻʮ΢΢ദѪҺ΢΢
ѪҺ֮Ĳڻǽ⿴龰ûֹͣദѪҺȫɢȥ
ھÿһѪ֮ԭѪڻѪҺҲڻˣǴůǱĺӵڻһһ
ģѪܿʼţѪû˺ıеѪ֮ɫ˸Ŀռ䣬ǣһν޳ѪҺڻ
ѪҺӱıδʱһѪҺ޳ֲ˻޳۾֮гһ˿˿ֻǼ΢컺༧ûзʲô
ǽɫĹ㿴޳ѪҺѾͨǽɫ㿪ʼ޳Ѱǲĺɺɢô޳弫пֱܻ⣬ǣǽɫҡһ£ٸ֣ٸ㿪ʼ޳崦ߡ
͸޳ļԿǽɫĹһ͸޳Ϻөһ㡣
ǣ༧ȵĿǾӨ͸ĺǵ㡣
ԭ˫ҲĶסǰ㣬컺༧жһɻ龰˶ûмһ㡣
ʱ޳ڵĺھŵĶǽֻǣǺÿһ޳˴ѪҺһαǱ޳΢΢͹𣬶ǼٹҲӿȥڽɫӿȥ֮ԭֻ֮ڻ
ʱӳ컺༧еǣٸڼΧ޳Ȼ͹ĵط
Ժǽɫǲͷˣǣǽɫ㿪ʼٻ޳ٵתǺ޴ӣǼ䣬ĺǽ㴩ƣǽһ˿
㿴һ㺮Ѿǣ㽫ٽջصԼڡ
ֻǴʱ޳Ƚ޳ⲿı黹ûڻ
ǹ޳֮ڵ֮һѡƿǻ޳ľʱ޳ľһ㿪ʼⲿıڻ
һյʱ֮ԭıһ˿˿ơ
컿дϲԭ޳ţ
༧Ѿע⵽ı仯û뵽޳ȻܹƽԼ˺ѡ
˺һһʱ䣬汻֮ͻűѡ
ƽ˱Լʵߴʮû뵽޳Ȼƽˣ༧޳ʵľ޴
޳ϣˡ༧װ˵˵ʱ༧ޱȵķŭŭ༧Ļһ˿
ʱ޳ⲿıڼٵѣűƽ⣬޳ʶһ˿˿Ļָ޳ָʶʱȻоԼ֮һƬȣϤĸо޳ȻһѵԼָ˻
δ޳鿴޳ֻоԼһֺ֮֮ĸо޳Ȼ޷ơ
ǣ
Ǳ鱻һȫƣǱĲϣɢȥ
컺༧˿űȻƣ⵲סͷȻ󳷡
˽ֱ۷֮ǰľ󾪴
ֻ޳ڱ֮޳ϲȻһֻɫľԳӰ
ǾԳڵĿΧһУֻǻδ޳˵ǾԳȻԾ
༧двãǾԳԾԼƵǱǣ༧תָֻǻδӡγɣǾԳѾеıǺݺݵץС
ֻʱǱԲдʶԳȥԲҲԳͷų룬ЩھԳ˺Լ
ԳǷĵƬͽ벢û㣬ֻЩͽڵԳߵһ˲ʧˡ
ԳһŭĺУеıǺݺݵ˺ˣԲҲԳݺݵĻ˵ϣڽӴһ˲仯ɢȥ


1757 
ֻǣǱ˺ѵͬʱ༧üĺȻһһ༧üģ༧Ȼγһǽֵڵֵ֮༧ؿһƣһѪӿֻ༧ʱ龰ȥ
ǾԳǺԲѾʧǰɫĽᾧȥǰɫᾧͬˮһ㣬ڷˮһ˲䣬ǵɢֻɢ֮ٵĻָƽ
ǽɫԳӰǰɫһ˲䣬ǳԳۣԳȻһ˰ɫ֮ϣȻǰɫһһǾԳݺݵ˺һӡ
ѿ֮ϣϸСĽƲǽһ׵Ӵһ㷢ǹϵ֮Ȼչȥ
ǾԳ˫һԭѾѵĽᾧ˺
ǰһУ༧һӿͷ༧û뵽ᾧȻԳ˺ѣ༧ֻ֪ᾧùԣһοᾧ˺ѡ
⡭༧вз֮
ֻǣ༧⻰֮ûɢȥǾԳѾǽᾧȫ˺飬ѵĽᾧƬڵûɢֻԳ̧ҽݺݵ̤ȥ淢΢΢ĲҲȻֹͣڿƮҶһ˲ȥƮƮɢɢҶ޳ԡ
ǾԳ̤һ֮ԭڵϵĽᾧƬһƮĴɢȥ
ԳЩ֮»ص޳ԱߣԳĻӰ޳غţƮǽɫľԳСţСͬʱһ˿˿Ө֮ŵص޳ڣһ޳һ£޳оһǽȥ
޳һĨЦҹ¹²
޳컿޳Ѿָ޳ȥһ˳
ôˣ޳컿Լʵ
ΪҲҲ컽󼸸
Ҳˣ޳Ц˵
ĵһͷˮһδӿ˳
޳û˵ֻǺǺĿ컣ﰵ϶һҲ顣
뵽޳һ
ˣ޳˵ġ޳ЦŽ滨ϵˮöȥ
Ժ˵ģ಻飬ոҺ༧õء컼޳û£Ƥ˵
˵༧ʱ޳ȻǸصŮˣ޳̧վԶ༧
༧ԭΪԳĳ֣Լˣʱ༧ҲƽԼϢ޳Լ༧ὫǴһѪ۲ȥٵľȻûܹ֡
޳磬ллǣ𣿡༧ǿڵľʹƵĵʵ
û£ԺҪô޳༧˵һᡣ
༧δʯͷʱԼȻûб޳ݡ
޳硣༧صڻ⻰֮༧
޳ҲһЦû뵽ԼϵܾȻô࣬ԼҲôˣÿΣյʱ򶼻ֱȽ顣
ҲʼԼ޳΢΢̧ͷԲ˵ֻС
޳̧ͷ˿ܣʱܲûгʲô쳣ֻԲ±Ҷɸºµİ߲ĲӰ
޳תȥ
ȥ޳󺰵
޳ͣסŲ΢΢ͷסˡ
˵޳Ƕȥ
컺༧˸ȥֻڵɽв˿˿£༧Ųҵɽȥ˴ɽ޳Ȼͷ˿ȥڿ˵Ĳ֮޳һЦ˲ʲô
޳ڶдкѰԼΨһһ㡣
ʱ༧Ľͳһֻӣ΢΢ǻϳһػ棬СС΢ƻڿҡ˼£˵Ӱӳɽϡ
ʱû޳Ӱ΢΢һ¡
ѵ޳ˣͻȻ༧˵˵űӿŲǰȥ
ֻ컻ṳ̂ȻһӰǰһ
һɽ
Ȼ컵ʱ컽˫˫Ҳڿһš
Ȼ컵˫ֱһ˫ץסһЦ
С΢΢ſ˫ۣ΢ҫ£컿һ꿡գ۲ˮ۹Ƴ¶һ㣬һаЦݡ
㻵ˣ޳컼˾Ȼ޳Ǳ޳˫֣ϸָ޻һСȭͷ޳ϴ
޳δ㣬ƾ컴˼¡
֪ˡ˵ոȶȻ
һЦ𣿡޳Ц˵
޳磬ǰôڣͲҪһǰˣһʲôΣա༧˵⼸仰༧װϵ˵ġ
û£Ƕе޲Ѿɱ𣿼ʹҲָոôǿޣұ֤޳Ц˵
ֻ༧⻰֮΢΢һ죬Լ±޳һ㡣
ʱ༧˿ν֮ǣȻвԼ飬һǿƵ༧ܹί
༧ȥ˵֪ġ
ͫת䣬༧߸顣
죬ʱ֣̫һҫ۵Ĺâ༧һȥ鿴ԼϽƬ
ǣ༧Ҫȥ֮ʱȻؼ䱼ؼ񱻵߸һ㣬ɽҡضһѣ֮༧ǿվΡ
һǿ׺Χ׺֮أûܹĲ༧к棬Ȼ׺أǴгֹκĲ
༧ȶ֮ʾȥ鿴ǻδ༧˳ɽǹǿȻɽϮ
ֻɽеһ˲䣬ɽмﶼ˲ֻһСֻЩҲɱɽĸĴ£һѰڣڰٰѰ֮ûзʲô
ʱкȻһ΢⣬ǹԽԽǿ̫һУǿԼֶģǿٱӴ֮ɽУ½еơ
ⲢûнڼǰеͻȻԼסԼļƻ༧ǳֻ֣༧ּ֪ƻ֮ףԭ֮Ҫһ޳˵õ֮ɽľʯ
༧ֻ֪Щ༧ֻа˵˵ߣ׺֮༧֮˹֮˵ļˣ༧о˿ʱܳ༧׵ǣΪʲôѡԼ޳
ôˣ컿ų༧ʵ
ŶûʲôֻǱ޳ոյľٶŵˡ༧εЦЦ
ȥɡ˵


1758 ɽ
˲û˵ʲôɽȥ
޳ɽСϣһ˿죬ɽһԨһ㣬һֱȥȴǿɽľͷ
ӻƵĹȻ޳ţ޳ǰȻһƬڰ޳΢΢üͷʱ޳ŷɽһ޵ĶѨһ˷ֵĵط
˼ǰߣֻ˵Ĳɽ̫޳˵֪ˣ濴ȥɽɽڵ龰һ
ʱ𾪵Ļ༧ʱ༧ҲɻôһصطԼȴ֪ⶴʲôɽĹǰδеġ
һĹ֮ǰĿռͻȻĹʱ޳ԭɽȻһƿһ޳ھѾͨƿƿڡ
޳վԭⶴпȥһƬкʲô޳΢ǰȥһ粻֪Ӻδ޳оȻһ谵Ļĸǿң༧סĻ硣
谵Ļٴγֵʱ޳ķɽĴƺлѣѾ޳²ֲɽܡ
޳΢΢֣ʾ༧ӸԼӵ޳֮޳ǻȥ
ȻɽһȻһһŻǻ֮޳忡˳ֻ޳תȥɽĽǱȫˡ
ʱɽ޳΢΢ǻϨһ˲䣬һźƮȥ
ʱ޳ܹ۲ȥɽпտޱȣΨһⶴѨһֲֲҶڶţҲ澹Ȼҡҷŵˮ飬ˮĳ¶һ㣬΢ĴҶڶˮӳǻѵĹҲҶҡ
޳ҡڵҶвһĪϲá
Ư컿Ҷ˵һĨϲø˳һͯӵԼϲĶһ㡣
༧һ˿ĪĶⶫоһ˿ᡣ
紵µҶ΢΢ڲһ˲䣬ҶһɫĶ¶˳޳һǰȥ΢΢ҶһɫĶ¶˳
ɫĶѣǱѴ̫࣬žӨɫ޳оһ˿˿Ө͸֮С
ɫĶҶĹʵ
޳֣ὫɫʳժһţժͬʱҶ΢΢ζӨɫʳѾ޳޳ϸᣬһζӿ޳ӡ
ѲԳԣ޳ɻ˵ţԼԼһ㡣
ζ䣬컺༧޳ɻı飬˱˹
ʲôÿɰ컿޳еɫʵ˵
༧ҲǺ棬ԼΪȻҲûмֹʵʱ༧оԼƬжôĲΡ
忴ȥܳԡ޳˵
ܳԣôģ컺ʵ
ҳһŲ֪ˡ޳˵ű㽫ʵ͡
ţһжô죿һѽ޳ľסˡ
ҵֱûжģİɡ˵޳ѾǹʵȥС
һɫ֭Һ޳һ˲䣬޳ԭգŵ۾ˡ
ͻȻ޳ıĽӲ컺༧һ
޳Се¾ŵ޳һ޳ûһ㣬ԭվֱͻȻȥ
컺༧޳ȥ㼱æȥ
ôˣ޳һε
ж˰ɣ༧˵
ôⶾ컿ܵһУڼѰʲôܹⶾĶǣƾôѰңɽ涼ҵⶾƷ
༧΢ìܣʱĴ£̧𣬺мԼѾһ
ǣʱ޳ȻԼվ۾Ŀǰ˵̫óˣҵһγԵôζˮ
˼޳Ȼվһǵ޳˵仰ʱ϶ʱһĨ档
ûж컿޳ʵ
԰ʲô޳ҲǺĿʵ
ûж¸ʲô컺ʵ
ˮ̫óˣҸˡ޳˵š
ôôأ˵޳첲šһ¡
ЦˣԵ㶫ҪȻûˡ޳컺༧˵
һֻ죬ǣȻһ£ͻȻʲôȻͣסվ
޳༧Ѿǹʵԣ޼ɵĳһ֮Ѿ͵˴ڵľ׽ˮ
Զˣһίĸо
ڴھ׽޳ͻȻоʲôԣ̧컴ʱվԶԼ
ôˣ޳ߵǰʵ
Ҳ˵ţǶһ
޳ƺʲôӣ͵컿ڱߣ˵㡣
΢΢һЦ°ţһ˵鿴޳Ȼ䣬컷۴޳첲ȥ޳Ȼ˫ۣһʹı顣
ǣ޳ĸ첲֮Ĳʹ
ֻ޳첲һǺ˳ȥ
޳׹ʱѾ˺Զ컽ߵıӰ޳ҡҡͷеˮַ˿С
ʱ޳컵飬޳ڸоΧûΣ֮һ˳ȥˣʱŮҪ侲
޳ժ˼ʵ
ôʶģ༧ӣҰС΢ҧһ¹ʵʵ
˵ͺܳˣҲܲ˼顣޳Ļش
ʱԵ־Сͦõġʱ༧˵ͻȻһһͻȻһֳϢɢ
޳΢΢һ̧ͷ༧༧ʱҲָոԼ¶ʲôϻصĸܰ˵ҡ
˵֮༧ֳָһĨŮרЦݡ
޳δ˵ֻǼˮ
ʱɽ֮⣬һӰ󣬶ӰŸʳڴھ׽ʳ
컳Ա֮ǺӰ˵С㣬ҪĿġ
кȻһĨĮ֮ɫ֪ĿģҲҵ飬ԺҪҶЩ
ǺӰ΢΢˹𾴵ػصǡ
УԺҪܸңԭҵݱ¶ˣô㽫ĺܲҡĮͬһ
ǺӰ˸æǡ
ˣҪȥˣҲȥɣ˳߸˵Ҳӡ˵תȥ
ֻת֮ǺӰͷȻ̹⣬Ӱһźҹʧ
컽·Ѩȥʱ컵ͬӣһԼɵһԼ£Ĵһ
ʱ޳༧ѾԱˣڻ±Ŀ񣬿޳컻˹ȥ
޳컵ĽŲ΢΢۾Լǰ컣޳вһĨֵĸо


1759 صض
ֵĸо޳΢΢һǿ崿ı飬޳΢΢һЦ
Цʲô컿޳ʵ
޳û˵ʾ£Ц༧üһһĨոϣ컵˽ģκһһ༧
뷨вͬʱǶѨһǺȻһƬ⣬ǽתۼţǣ޳༧üͬʱһ۾Ķǽ˸ȥ
ֻ˿ȥһ̣Ѿʧ޳վǽⷢԴȥ
컺༧ͬʱվΪ˺޳һ𣬶༧Ǻǽ⡣
ѨһǣͱһҶΧҶ䣬޳һ˿ϸС֮
޳΢΢СĽҶ
Ҷƺһ޳Ҷ֮ܵ˾һ㣬Ȼطƶ֮ʱ޳ȻֽСץ
޳С壬һɫëֻòȴɰӣֱӿɰ
ڱ޳ץһ˲СƴдԼҪһ㣬ûʲôãС޳޳ܹԼһ·
޳С壬оȻһϲ֮顣
ôɰһϲ֮⡣
仰ʱСһ㣬޳ָɶ䣬С徹Ȼȥ˵ϵһ˲䣬С彫·ֻǴȵͷ¶濴޳
ԭС塣޳Ƶ˵ţһ˿ʧ
ͦɰİ༧˵С忴ȥֻС忴༧һ˲䣬Сµ顣
ϸֳһ˿˿ɻ
ɻ˲֮ʧˡ
߻ǻ棬ϥ޳𽥸оԼһ˿Ө֮ƣһںԼϣֻС
޳΢΢ü֮޳θƱһ㣬һɹڲɢ˳֮һ
޳д󾪣Լ徹Ȼ飬ѬԼ޷ơ
Ȼ䣬ǵеȻӿ룬Ǿûлı֮ƽ˵ľûʲô£ǾȻŤһСܵⲿĹȻһ
ǹɫɫȻ޳ѪҺеÿһѪѪɫ֮ͬʱɢһ
֮ʼȫУֻǵ֮һӲһ㣬һ͸޳ﴦӲ޳ﴦתÿתһΣһ˿ڵﴦ
޳ʮֺ棬Լ徹Ȼ֪ʲôԭĲ
ʱ濴ȥ޳Ϲ˸ţֻǣһյʱ֮Զʧˡ
޳˫΢΢һһɹӨɫƶƺһɫȻ׵Լˣ޳һϲԺ޳ȻӿȻС
Ϲȥ޳ָֻһоȻںϢ²ġ
ʱԭ˯СȻԶȥ΢˯컱ָоѣǿɰСԶȥҲ׷ȥ
޳վС׷ȥ޳ȥʱ༧΢΢˫ۣһֲԤԼвֻ༧Ҳ׷ȥ
СȥķɽһǣСȻҶ֮С
컱ܷӦһץǾȻץ˸գ˫ֲûдѨڣһѵҶ滹ɽ
޳컵ĶѾоһ˿ԣ޳Ȼק
ק֮ǰȻһɽɽڼСֻһͨ
༧ʱȻһȻֳһ˿ϲá
޳컶֮ɽ޳ǻڵһ
޳ȵǣⶴھȻԽԽխܹһ˵Ķڣ޳ȻԽԽ
޳Żѵ΢ǰ濴ȥֻǰ޾ĺڰǺڰȴһ˸޳ϸȥǽǸոߵС塣
Сÿһͣȴˣ޳񿴳Сͼ޳ǰš
˲ͨһμխľ֮ǰһ˿տ֮ء
޳ûܵʱ򣬷ǰȻû·ˣ޳һѵһ·
ǣ޳΢΢ͷ֮󣬷澹ȻһѨⶴѨ˹ģ޳ӣѨڿȥֻѨ˽ɫ㣬СʾԼ
޳Ѳ˵ϣ˳ҪԾⶴѨ֮С
Ҫȥʵгһֲ˼顣
ԡ޳΢΢ͷ
ǣʲôǶ֪ȥһʲôΣأ컹ĵ˵
ǲȥҡ޳˵
ʱ༧沿΢΢һ漴˵һȥΣʱǻиӦ
⻰֮ӭϵԣһȥ
޳εĿ˿Ѩֿ˿˵ðɣΣյʱֱ뿪ˣĽҡ
޳һ˿ֿ컺༧ˣ༧Ŀ޳һ̣༧Ȼȫһָо༧ûиоһ㡣
޳΢΢һЦѨȥⶴѨڼ⻬ҶѨĴСһˣȥ
һĦѨڴȥ޳ֻоһɻհʹⶴѨܳʱһţȻǶѨϻ޳ⶴѨбģǴֱĿԼѾˤˣ޳Ҳ˿Լûд̽þ
޳ǰɫ˸ţǹԽԽ޳о˼붴Ѩ档
׼ãҪӴĵˡ޳ͷ˵
ֻ޳ǽɫĹı޳Ṫ壬˫΢΢Ӵضĵ棬΢΢һ壬޳˵ϣ컺༧˴ʱҲ˵ϣֻڵ·
ǽɫһǰȥ޳̧ͷܣȻڣǲ֪Ϊ޳øоһɹӨ֮ҫɽɽвԵôڣϡ޳ܹǰ塣
޳ڿܵʱ֣ⶴѨռ侹Ȼ˴󣬲Լǰһĵ··ԵĶڸ޳ǽȥС޳ȥ
컺༧޳ǰȥԭ·Ҳȥ
޳ͷ˿ˣǱһЩֻǰĽٵƶţǰת֮Ƚϣǽȴʧˡ
컴ʱŻȻ˵ѵСҶ
޳ͷ컣ϸһ˿Цݣôڲ֪
û˵ǰֳֵĹȥ


1760 Ľ
ǽɫ£޳˵ضһһ䣬ⷿ͸˿˿Ź⣬޳һ˿棬ضоȻֹܹߡ
ɻ֮ʱȻǹۣ۵Ĺ߳һ˿˿߲ƣɫһ˰ɫһ˲Ȼʧˡ
ڹʧǵضһƬڣϸȥһǳ΢߲ʹ޳£ȥ
ֻ߲ʹʮ΢ûб˷֡
ǣʱ޳о֮һ˿֮У޳״ʱǵеӲԶתתû޳Ϲ⣬ֻǲ޳ϵĸо
޳ǰһ֮ȸоͻǿһ֣ÿǿһ޳ͻожһӲ޳ϲֺգ޳вһ˿ɻ޳ʯ֮ʱҲֹʱָо̫ԣ̫ˡ
ѵΪڲ̫٣ñնо𣿡޳૵˵Ȼһɻ
˵ʲô༧޳ĻȻһ޳һ㡣
ŶûʲôֻǸоض̫ȡ޳༧Ļص
޳Ҳǹʲôֻضȴȣڳ겻⣬һֳʪĸоָоĽϣ޳ճճĺҺ⺹Һմڼһ˾ܣʹ˸е齹ꡣ
ҲǸо̫ȣʲôҲǱԹ˵
˵֮ⷬ༧Ľó˻ӣᴵ˼֮ǻӵ΢⴫ֻǻʵ̫СûеȼƵġ
ôôѵⶴɹ컾˵
ǣΪضϡ߲ŻôС޳Ц˵
ŶǻȻ˵š
΢Ĺ޳ܿ˿ضԭԼĽվǵ޳ϸȥСֻʱǶһ棬޳ʲô
ǣ޳Ӵ༧˹Сȥϡ䣬޳һû뵽СﾹȻһ󸿴ǻƽɣڻƽֱ˺Һ塣
ǺҺڻ谵Ĺҫ£΢΢һ˿Ө͸Ļƽ͸ĪĽɫ
޳Ŀ⣬ǱһʯϣʯԼߣߣʯһС
ڵɽУʱȥһϸⷺŽɫâĽ󸡣
ѵǸأҪȻô󸣿޳Ƶ˵ǧУ󸶼޳
أǷˣƾ͹ǻһˡ༧Ц˵
ֻⶴй̫ܿطʲôƷ޳ε˵˵źϧ󸡣
޳˵⼸仰֮󣬲֪С޳Ļ޳˼ǽС
ʱСﾹȻǹıɽɫɫĹڵضȻǿţƺһߣһƽɫĹ߱ĪɽԼĶӡ
컿󸾹ȻС﷢Ĺâһգ˿ŭǰȥСﱧ
ȵȡ޳ĿǰĽ˵
ԭ̤Ĳ˿ֹͣˣҲǽ󸿴ȥ
ֻʱǽ󸾹Ȼ͸͸֮һ΢΢ŹâС﷢Ľһ㱻һֵĹ߽֯һȻǹâһı
ǹһıضȻ޳΢΢һСѵһ壿
޳ɻ֮ʱͽһ壬ǹʧʧ֮ǽȻ
㾹Ȼˣ컾˵
޳컵Ļﲢû˵ǿǰ󸷢Ʈ֮񣬵âһǿ֮޳̧ͷܿȥ
޳̧ͷŵضʱ޳ǰľһ£û뵽ضھȻ˺
޳ֻ²أһֹ⻬ʯ̳ɵĵ棬⻬ʯӨӨý⣬ڴʯ֮ĸӴڵϣ֮ϵޣ޵۾Ϲ⣬۾ͬһطǾضĵͶˣضĶ˵̵һͨɫӨӨߵҫ£·ڷһ㡣
УһɫǷɫȻƮһ㾧Өķۺɫ֮ʱڿ趯±˷ۺĻ꣬ǻǱ紵л裬һ峺ϪˮУϪˮƮ
ǻƮڵϣȴһ˿˿ϸˮǴʯ֮С
Ѵһί޳ķԴѰȥֻǣ޳֮̽δĳ޳̧ͷ俴ԼǰȻһӣϵһһһĵ֮ʢܲװΣضгһ
Ưϸ˫УǽסƮɵĻһǻƻӰһ㴩
Сʲô༧˫ü΢΢Ϊ֮Ȼ֪ôһط༧һ˿Ծ
Ӧǡδ޳仰˵ֻ꣬ӾȻתһ¡
ڳ겻Ȼһտĵضлš
Ȼһ˫۾ӿȥ澹ȻһµˣֻǱˡ
أдţ޳˫ֱȭһСһ
ֻǣ֮˲δתҲûתʮֺ档
أдţ޳һ
ǣû˵
ûòǶ˵˲ǹⴳ룬㾹컼Ȼſ˵
ǣǾ仰֮Ȼû˵
޳΢΢ת˫ַ£Ųȥֻ޳ÿһŲȥʯ涼ǽŲԶԶȥ޳ˮһ㡣
컺༧˶һۣҲ޳ĽŲǰȥǵһʱӺȻת˵ĽŲȻֹͣ
һ
޳༧Ҳ΢΢һֻ֮ˣ˫ַϣ빪壬ͷ¿ɵñڸǣֻǣ˾Ȼá
컼æܵ޳ͬʱãһĸовȻ޳ʲô޶Ȼлһ˿Ǻܿ޳ƽԼеĲ
Ų΢̧޳ǰȥ˫ĿãԼ͵ϮԼ
޳㻹ǰߣСʵ
ֻ޳ûлش𣬼ǰš
Ȼ޳¸оһգһʯȥ


1761 ҳ
޳ǰţȻ¸оһգһʯȥ
ʯȥһ̣Ĺ⻬ǽͻȻһԲλƣ⻨ϵ̵ǰ޳ͼƵϷȻֵ⣬ǽȻһϸߡ
ಣ
ͬһ޳߷ɹǵ޳ʱǹ߱ڿʧˣ߹Ŀֻ޳Լһ
޳ͣ½ŲĿǰã΢̧ҽѾοյĴʯƿ
Ȼлء޳С˵
ǣزûӰ޳ǰĽŲ
޳ոһ̤ǶϵͼȻתתͬʱͼȻҲ˱仯ֻͼ޳˰޹һЩ޾غһ㣬ͼı仯ɫĹִͼҲһǽ޳üĴ
޳Ȼ£ǽһλ˸ա
ϴһǽ޳Զʧ
޳վԭأ޳Լٸһǹ߻Ӳͬķ֣޳΢΢üͷرض
ֻ޳濴ȥǴʯĵϿȥһ壬ʵϸȥǵϾȻϸߣϸ˿һ㣬޳ǳǽӳڵϣ޳Ҳᷢ֡
ֻϵϸǰڳһͼͼǶϵͼȻһ
޳ӷٵ˼ţȥԼҲ޷
޳˼֮ʱǵ֮ϵͼ䶯䶯ǹ㿪޳һ޳Ĺ۲ǿ㡣
ֻ޳ɻϵͼƷ˱仯ǶϵȴûУ޳ŵϵͼƣһ
ˣԭˡֻ޳첽ڱ䶯ͼȥȻһţһ̤֮ϲûгοգ޳һϲѸǰȥ
Ƕϵͼʼ仯޳ȻͣסŲԼûдǻأⶴϵͼΪʲô˱仯
ͼƱ仯֮Ҫ޳а
Ǵʱ޳޿κΣϾԼȥ赲ͼı仯ͼתȻڱ仯ţֻα仯ոβͬ
α仯ͼƾȻӨɫĹâǹâͼϵÿһͼˣһӨ֮ͼܻƣһ˿Ʈ֮ͼɢ
ͼתܾ֮ͣͣͼƽʤ޳һ޳ѾǽϮ׼
ǣƬѹǽûдͼɢŽ⣬ʲôһ㡣
ͻȻ޳о޷Լһ㣬һĪ޳Ŀס޳двãѾˣΪʱ޳ͬľͷһ㣬ʧȥ֪
ͼȻı仯ʱ޳ֻǱ䶯ͼһͼ޳޳ʱͼһɹŭ𣬺Լͼ϶Ϊһһ㡣
ͼٱ仯ʱ򣬺ȻͼƵתֹͣˣͼƵֹͣͼı仯Ҳֹ֮ͣʱǹâǿһ֡
ʱ޳гֵͼ˺塣
޳һĨ죬ͼһһΪʲôѡ޳ģҲ޳ɻ顣
ʱǹȻ޳޳Ƕܣ޳ȴԼ޷
ǹһ޳˹޳ͫǹıţȻǹ߽޳һ㣬ռֻܿǿҵĹâ޷ҵ޳
컺༧д󾪣û뵽ⶴоܳ˿֮£иǶ޳ĹģֻҪ̤Ų޳ȥ༧һѰ˻˵û֮ʲô鶼пܷǲһᡣ
༧Ļмֵͣ˽Ų
ʱɵ޳۾̵ķ˿˿ʹʹ֮ǽıһ㣬ǹ֮߱޳ͼƾȻԼƮһɫͼ˵ŽҪԼԡ
޳ͼƮԼ΢΢һһָоָо޳оһ˿˼顣
ͼ޳ǰ޳ͼƸ˼֣ͼӵһ޳ǰתţתͬʱ䶯ţԱߵĽɫâ𽥱һŽɫ壬޳ơ
޳۾΢΢һգʱͼȻ޳֮ڣ޳оԼƱǶڶһ㣬ֻǣָоûʹͼںԼںţԼһ֡
ͼ޳֮һĽ޳ڷ˳
ͼ޳ǽɫҲʧ޳ƺֳ֪΢΢һ޳ȷԼѾɡ
ֻǣǽɫͼƽԼǶȻͼƣת仯
ô£޳˵Լֺǰá
޳ϸĹ۲֮޳ƺƺʶ޳òŨȤ
޳Ųǰ̤ȥʱ޳õľһңϣڿ޳һ޳֮ȻֻãΪͼھԼֻԼһԼܸоͼƵı仯
֪к⣿޳ͣʵ
Զ컸оһ˿˼飬˼޳Ȼһ
༧бض༧ֻƽʱԼûзִ˴ִ˴ôضԼУں޳ģΪͼƵ˼༧Ѿˡ
༧һĨââǶԼĲ
ʱ޳ԣԭնкȻȼһ̻ɭɢ޳ͻȻоһ˿ֲȻɭĻ˸֮þȻû˷Ӧ
޳ΧһȦ޳ûзʲôֻ￴ռޱȿտĸо޳оԼį
ѲǰҲо޳΢΢˵š
ʱȻת޳ķת޳һһ̹ƶ̹⾹ȻƮ˳޳Ʈ̹һɻ
ǣ̹֮ѾǶͼ֮ϣ̹·ͼƱһ壬̹⸡ͼƵһ̣ͼƺһĶ
޳ʱоԼһֶҲڱ䶯޳Ŀ䶯ͼơ
ͼƺ˵һʷֻαתʱӾ壬޳аѵԼػ۷ʱڣ
뷨Ĳ޳ԼоЦ
޳뷨ʱȻһתͻȻǽɫͼԱһ֣߳޳ʤǽȻ̴޳壬޳оһɳȸдû뵽ԼϸİȻڴʱϮԼ޳оһ˿ŭ


1762 ͷ
ǣ޳оһ˿˿ʹ֮Ǳ̴˿ھȻˣ޳ϵ˿ڣаһ޳˿ΪϮԼѵΪ˽һԼոյ뷨
˿ڿ֮޳û˿ĺۼ޳˿ˣ޳ÿһ㣬ʵ֪Ǵ˵кԭ򣿡
޳˵껰зɳȥ̹ʱڶת̹תͼԭĽ⾹ȻǾӨ̹⣬̹ĲԭɫͼƱľȻ˿졣
̹Ȼûֹͣתʱ̹ɫīˮһͼȾȾͼĵڵϣڿտĵ
һû޳ģ޳ĿⲢû˶ƿͼƣ̹һľӨǶڳһͬȥɫ棬ǻ涨˶ϡ
޳ͻȻһñ޳ڵͼ˳֮޳ǽɫͼưǽɫͼƾȻһɫͼƮȥ֮һƮϵϵķʽŦ
ǹɫͼƮȥɫͼ֮вһŦ˹ںţɫɫ޳ǰתٶȼ죬޳һ߱һĴ
ǡ
һ޳оضű򿪣޳Ĵ˿޳ûзʲô
޳Ŀջصʱ޳ԼǰһϸСĹߣߴӶһֱ쵽ףϸɰɫ𽥱˺ɫ
޳ضֵϸߣһ޳в
Ȼض΢𶯣ǹ޳оһζǣ𶯵Ŀʼ޳ԭĺڱ֡
ǣʲô컾ؽе
޳ס̬ϸ۲󣬷ⶴںȻаң𶯵ĸԴڴ򿪡
֮Ѿ޳ǰ޳ͷʱþȻƾʧˣ޳΢΢һ˿âջеĿ⣬޳Ǵ򿪵İ￴ȥⰵûκεĹâһƬһɹɺӭ޳˫ֺݺüһⰵȥϵĽʧͼͬʧˡ
޳̤ⰵ֮ʱǰͻȻȼѣǰѵĵȼĻѷ׷׵ȼʱг˹
£޳ⰵҵǽޱȹ⻬͸ⰵҵĵ͵ضеһǴʯ̳ɣⰵҲ޳΢΢̧Ϳ˰ʾľͷ
ǰҵľͷڷһʯͷʱϰڷһУǽдʱɢ˿˿ĵɫ塣
޳Ŀ˿ܣǰȥ컺༧޳˰ң˲ֻǵ˿ҵһ˲䣬ǰҵĴźݺݵıˡ
Ǵű֮ҵĴţ컸оԼĴһûκοտɽһҲʯκη϶
༧˫΢΢һ˿ŭԼȻ֮ˡ
޳ʯŽյȻͷȴʯѾرգԼǱⰵ֮У޳һⰵŰôԼɡ
ǣµ޳ֲòǰߣǽкһԼ
޳Ա֮ǽһ޳֪Ϊ޳һ˿ϲ֮ӿͷ
ֻ޳ǽȥָеһ˲䣬ǽкƻһˮ㷺ǽ֮һˮ״ᾧ֣޳оеİ
޳ϸĹ۲Уͬͼƣͼƺ͸ոԼͼƾȻһ
һƬǽ򿪣һĨҫ۵Ĺâ֮ɢ˳޳̧ұ΢΢ڵԽеĹãʧ޳̧˫ǽڿȥ
еһ˲޳Ȼһ£ھȻһͷͷƻһ㣬˿û֮ɫû뿪ĸ֮⣬޳΢΢ſֳԾһʱ䲻֪Ρ
ǣͷȴӽһͷ·ͷ
ͷƮ޳ͷʱ޳ͷӡ
ֻף嫵Ǻһ㣬ıǹճһ΢Цֱͦı⿡֮Եͻޱȣ¿ȥ޳оֻһͷ
ôȽϺ棿ͷȻ˵ˡ
㣿޳֮гһ˿ʡ
ңҵݶ˵ôҪ𣿡ͷƵ˵ţһĨ˵۹⿴޳
ǾݣǾ״̬޳ƽԼľ˵Ͼ޳Ҳս֮ˡ
˿״ҲʮֵľȡЦЦ˵仰˵꣬ͷⰵƮһȦþûлһ㡣
ҸоҲǣΪ֮У޳ʵ
̫ӣԼˣֻǵڴս֮ҾͳΪһռ䣬Ϊˣǵ֮һָоǾԼȻŵĸоͷڿƮ˵
ңΪо޳ʵ޳ֲһ˿棬޳õ𰸡
ԭҲ֪Լһִɣ˲Ҫſ˵õ𰸣ԼȥѰҴ𰸸ȤͷȻƮ޳ǰ˵ӿ޳
㽫Ϊ˸Щ޳˵
ȻǡͷĴƮȥ
Ϊʲô޳Ŀͷתš
ΪʲôҲһʵɡͷЦ˵
ܸоʲô飬ֱ˵޳ͷһ˿ͷԼɲⰵֻΪįͷ졣
˵ôô궯ͷµ˵
Ҳûжɣ޳м˵
ңѾʮˡͷ޳˵Ҫ޳һƵġ
޳仰󷴶м˵Σ
ΣҲ֪ûʲôطͻοҲûСͷС˵
ðɣ㲻ҵȥɣ޳Ȼ˵
ȥҳȥΪսͷƵ˵š
޳ٴսʱȻһѵ֪սҲԼһǧеĸ磿
ո˵μӹս޳ʵ
ͷû޳ڿкĿĵƮš
޳ͷһ˿ŭû뵽ʱͷȻԼˡ
ι˵޳Ȼ
޳ֻ֮ͷ˫Ȼֵ⣬޳޳ȻԾ͵޳֮ʱǹ߾ȻѾԼϡ
һ޳ȫɢ
δ޳ڣֻһ޵Ĺٴγ޳ȻܣǱʶһ㣬ȻѾ֪޳ܵķλһκݺݴ޳ϡ


1763 ӵ
ǱӺݺݵ޳ϣ޳ȻݽҧһεκˮӶͷǱɢȸ޳оʹͬǼⱻ˺һ㡣
޳ݺݵĿˣͷ˿Ҳ޳ֻǣ˵ĿȴһĨν޳Ӧ֮¡
һ׹ǰ׹޳
޳岢δ㣬۾ݺݵĿͷ˵ˣѵΪ˽ң
˲мĿ˿޳û˵
ž
һ޳ȫļȻ鴤һ¡
ûнγɴ£ͷ˵ǲмı飬һּ
£˵Ĵʲô޳ŭŭĿ˵
ԼңǺǡͷЦ˵˿̡
޳ԼЩһֱŬȻԼ㲻ǿޱȣ֮ͬоԿ˵ٮٮߣԼȻͷ˵һĲֵ
ֻǽң򿪰֮ҳȥ޳˵
ʢһ˿ɾ;ôĽӵܣͷ޳ĻﲪȻŭһ޹޳ȥ
޳ݺҧѾܵ޳ѾҲ޷ܣ޳ݺݵĳӽȥ
ֻ޳ֺͱӽӴһ˲䣬ǱӺݺݵ޳Ȼһ⣬޳ұȻһ㣬Ȼ֣Ǳ޹ȻϣǱǿҵı޻֮޳˳Ƶȥ
վ޳ͷδ˵һ˿ı
ôͷʵǹƣġ
ǲ޳˵
ҺΣÿζôõĻ㣿ͷЦ˵
ûôõĻᣬһܹȡʤ޳ݺݵ˵
ȡʤ㻹Ϊʲôʦǰ𣿡ͷʵֺɸ֡
ʦ޳Լʦ֮Ȼʱ޳ҲɻʦΪʲôԼͽ磬ѵֻΪţ޳һʼͺΪʲôʦԼһŮţ̫ʦƽյķˡ
ԣʦͷ΢΢ЦЦ˵
ʶʦ޳˵
ֹʶĹϵͲҪˣ˵Ҫúˣڵô磿ͷ˵ʱĿ⿴ԶڲõĽ޳ԸӲпһ
磡޳˵һɰӿ˳ǱͲһӦеġ
Ҫľְǣ޳ҪסҪ̣ڽ˵̫ҪˣھҪСʴϻۣȻȱ˸һȣǲûĹͷЦ˵
ѵʦǡ޳΢૵˵
ɲֻһ飬һҪ飬ǾǾʯͷ˵ʯʱ۾Ȼһ
ʯ޳ʵ
ԣǧ磬ΨһԴڿ飬ǧһ´ǾǾʯ֮ԳΪʯΪǧĵȫȡˡͷ˵
˼ǵõǾʯ͵ӵ˴ǧ磿޳ɻʵ
ǣõǾʯеĵҪԼ򡣡ͷ޳˵Ҫи޳һ˿ϣһ㡣
޳˵ͷԭΪӳѾʧ
ȻΪ𡣡ͷ޳˵
ȻףǣǰĻȻʲôûˣһƽһ޳΢΢˵
ƽˣƽܹס޵Ĺͷ޳Ц˵
˵ҵĻûʧ޳ϲʵ
ıûʧⱾһ壬Լоڱ˿ΪҪ˵򵥵ǣڲӵһûƶɵ壬ֵܹһЩ˺ܹǱܡͷЦŶ޳˵
ԭˣôҵĻȥ޳ͷ
ĻΪռ䣬вͻᱻգǴռʦĻͷ޳͵
䲻ǧս𣬿ǣͬǿΣʱҸô죿޳ʵ
㲻õģбһᡣ˵ͷԳһɫĹߣۼûһžž΢΢ɢɫĹâ޳Ʈ޳һǹžѾ޳塣
޳оһůȫȪ֮һ㣬һɹº͵޳ӿ޳ԭڵɫȻǿºڵߣ޳ӲҲʼڻ
޳ϥʱ޳ֻоڻӲ·Ϊһεˮˮڵ뵤һ˲䣬ǵѾƶܾõˮһ㣬ϸϸˮ޳һıգ֮޳оȫľ˻һ㡣
ǵﴦǼȡһ㣬ɫҺ忪ʼڵ֮޳о֮һ˿˿ˮ䣬һɹ޳ϲ
ʹ޳Ϲ⡣
֮޳˫ۣ޳۵һ˲䣬ԼڵȻ˳㣬ֻǻͬһǣУȴһ崿УһˬΪԭ޳ϲ
ƺͬ޳ͷ˵
ⲢƽʱĻͷЦŻش
֪ǿʶģô֪ʺģ޳ʵ
ʱĸоʹʺʣȻҸով޲ԵġͷЦ˵
޳ȻȻĵ˵ͷ˹ȻǸˡ
ô֪ҿ϶ǹʵ޳ʵ
֮У֮¾ͲҪˡͷ΢΢˵
ֻ޳˫ȭһǿ˫ȭ֮Ȼ޳˳ȥһ˲һ㣬һȦȦռڲ޳ȻףԼڵγɡ
ͷȻһǿȻֹͣ
ӵУҪӦĹϲܷӳҵЧͷ΢΢˵
ҵ֪ȫǻá޳С˵
ģﵹмѡԼϲġ˵ţͷһתǰҵһȻһףⶴڴ֮澹ȻƮ飬鼮ȫ
޳䣬鼮Ѿ޳ǰ޳һĨЦݡ
Х졣޳Ǽ˵ڡ
޳˵֮żȻ޳Уżڽпƺܱǣŵ޳ʱ޳Ÿоżжôĺأ޷޳Я


1764 ؽƿ
صĹ޳üͷһ壬˼ôЯһ㡣
ͷ񿴳޳˼ֻͷü΢΢һһĨüļӿ˳ǰһ޳ĿԼƮ
޳ǰʱǽһССĽƿƮ޳ǰ޳ĿĴָСĽƿͷȥ
ƿһܹĿƶκƷͷ޳˵
޳Ȼ򣬵ԼҲûƵĴ󣬵ԼĶʧ˶ǰ·
ֻ޳ֽƿͻȻ޳зһϹ⣬ϹĽǽƿ֮ǽƿȻԼвˣϹ⾹ȻҲʧˣ޳һƬ棬Ǻܿ޳ԭ
޳صĹż㻯һԼ֣޳һǱĹżԼ޳ӿһĨϲá
ֻ޳ƷȫǽƿС
Ŵʱ޳ͷЦЦһο֮⡣
סڽʲô飬һҪֵ⣬ⲻҺ˵ģʦ˵ġͷЦ˵
ʦڻţ޳֮ʵ
ֻѭûûһжֻһ񣬵߳ҲͲηʡη˲ûֱӻش޳⣬˵֮
޳ƶǶĵ˵ͷ
˭޳ڲ֪ԼȻ֪˭
ǧһɳʯֵü֡ͷЦ˵
֮޳֪ôл֪ʲô԰𣿡޳΢΢ʵ
һҪİͷ޳˵
뽲ֻҪ޳ܹһ޳ش޳ֻǸм˸ԼôĹҪʶԼʦ
ضѾ꣬һ飬鷳ҳȥ֪ɲԡͷ˵
кβɣôȥ޳ʵ
ҽƿɡͷ˵
ֻ޳һͷ·оһ㣬һ޳֮С
޳Ѿƿʵô죿
ǳȥ߳ⰵҺ󣬼õл뿪˻ص
޳˻תȥֻʯȴǵ޳ǰ
޳˫ȭ΢΢̧ȻһϹ֣Ϲ⼫ͣ޳Ȼ֣ϹʯŻȥ
䣡
һ죬ʯűֳֻһַԵģһҳʯŴʱѾʯĭ
ʱڰ֮˺Ȼܵ˾һ㣬æ㿪
㿪ʯ￴ȥֻʯŴƮʯĭ˲ܿʯﵽ׷ʲô
Ǿ͵ȥ֮ʱ֮ʯŴ߳һˣʯĭ̫Ũ˸˭
ֻӰһһδʯĭ˳
𽥵ģ컿һǰڷƮʯԵøմȾŨŨʯĭ
޳컴
컵ĺ޳̧Լ޳һϲȻ
ſңû
⻰޳ȻԼȻ컱޳ֻ֣֮һĨ糺죬΢΢̧޳
ôˣ޳ֵıʵ
û£ͺãһΪ컽ߵ˵
Ϊˣ޳Цʵ
ϸָᵲ޳Ĵϣ컹˵˵
޳ﻰȥ
༧ֻǴʱ༧гһ˿о޳һǿӿ޳ûȥ֮ǰûеģû뵽ôʱ޳Ȼܹ˾޴༧о档
޳˿ֵ༧˵ɻʲô
ŶΪʲô糺졣༧ֵı޳Ļ̱֮˻Ҹ˵
⻰ոǺ˼֡
޳аЦ༧ҵĽڡ
˵֮ʱǵضкȻãͬһĳ޳˵ԣ컱ͻȻֵʵһ
޳лˣһת㣬лô顣
⻰ξȻ΢΢һһı˴Ϸ
˵ĳ֣ǵضԭƮķɫȻ˰ɫǰɫĻѩһڿƮɢǵһĨһĨˡ
һ˵İѩȻʧǽԶȥԭڶķͷһȦ֮ŰҷȥǰеʯžȻ³֣ǽ󸾹ȻƻһҲǰȥ
ǰ龰˽һ־棬˾֮ʱгһ˿Ʈ֮ȣϦ䣬δڣ֪ģξչ顣
Ʈ֮þȻһŮģŮɴ΢ƮǰҷȥһĨƮ
˿ǽ밵ҵŮӣжȻ࣬޳в̾һ¡
ˣ̾Ϣʲôͷ޳ͨš
ɸİ鰡滹ȥ޳ʵ
Ϊ֮䣬ض֮ģôⰲģͷ˵ţһĨ֮С
޳ٴ̾Ϣ֮⴦ȥ컺༧˸˹
ֻڵǵضڵʱ컺༧ŷ֣ⶴھȥ²С
ֻ޳ָ΢΢ת༧ϳֺɫȦȦ컺༧΢΢ضƮȥһĨ𾪵ı鿴޳ֻǻδ˵޳ָ΢΢һ̧˳ǵض
˳ض޳΢΢Ʈȥ
޳㾹Ȼ𾪵Ŀ޳˵
Զ޳Ц˵
Ϊƽʱǡ˵ͻȻֹͣ˵ʵ˵ƽʱ޳ƽʱǺӰ˱İ컷·ԼѾ˵̲˵ˡ
ʲôԵɺϣ޳ʵ
컸æͷ
Ȼû༧˽ң޳ЦſվһԵ༧˵
༧΢΢ЦЦֻһ˿Ԥз
û˵ȥԼһյʱ֮˴»صǳʵɽֻǴʱҶѾήɫʵҲѾʧǰһͬʱпһͬʱһۡ
ǣ˴ʱȴǷ֣澹Ȼ硣
ǽȥôʱ𣿡ʵ
༧޳ҡҡͷ
ǵضбҲ½ᾧһʱһ죬Ѿ˰ɡ޳ԺгͷĻ
޳΢΢ͷ
磬˱ɽֻڳɽһ˲֮ɽﴫ֮һɽȥɽѾԭѱʯ
ͷĬĬ̾һ
ôƺ㰡޳ͷš
ͽʦɡͷص
ʦ壿ʦʦ塣޳ЦЦ


1765 ·
뿪Ѩ֮򱱲ȥٶ޳вһķҵĸоǣ޳Ŀ˿ˣ޳뷨ȫʧˡ
ߵķôоǻԭذһֲŪʻʵ
޳һ͵ĵͼУ޳һƬҶϸǵͼֻ޳ڿͼʱü΢΢һ壬ʲôһ
ôˣ컿޳ıʵ
ͼôûƬڵͼϱǺűǵסˡ޳˼˵
컸ϿͼϿȥֻǿݻɫƤϹȻһǺţǺŽڵڵ
ֻ༧еĵ༧沿ϸֳһ˿Ц⣬ֻЦʧ
޳λɽѵѵɽһصشﲻڶ࣬޵ļ𶼺ܸߣ˴ɽʱƬҲûܵʲô˺
޳Ȼ߽Ƭ༧˿ЦҲ˿ġ
ƬУΪ޵ɽе콫һ޹ѺƽʱǶƷʲôııޱȣֻƬѺޱض˺ѣҲΪֹΪʲôû޳޵ԭ
СǣܻɱޣǾεıҪԶһ޳Ѿоķ߱ضһΪ֮
ȻһȺ޳ǰС߹޳̽ζСԵӲУȺ޹ֻΪ׵һè״죬è״һɫëƤȻޣǾȻһվߣ޳ףѾﵽ̼
޳һȺԶ֮΢΢۾һ˿档
ޣǽƿеͷ˵
ôˣ޳ʵ
ǡͷ˵
˵޳ʾȺޣ޳Ⱥ޵ȼͷ⣬޶ܹصţŵһļ
޳˸ںʱȺ޺ȻֹͣǰΪͷĴ˿Ⱥ޷ʲôһ
޳˼æغã޳Ҳ˿֣ԼѾԼˣΪ޻ᷢʲôֻǣƬ֮³
޳Сĸȥֻǻû̫߳ľ룬Ȼֹ˵صѣǾˮˮֻǴ·ϣԸ·
˵֮΢΢ͷ˿޳д󾪣ѵԼı¶ˡ
ȻѾԼûʲô˼ˣ޳Ӱ
Ǿ޳֮ʱȻ޳ǰһ˿ââ΢΢ȻһӰȷе˵ǴӱһӰ
ѣǺûʲôԹɣèʵ
ȻûСӰĻһ䡣
ǾͺãΪʲôһֱǣèʵ
Ӷ˶ѡӰ΢΢˵
ôè΢΢˵
˵󲻴󡣡Ӱ˵仰֮󣬺ȻһèϮȥ
è۾΢΢һգͻȻһɫĹ⣬èȻӰȥӰڿ΢΢㣬ǰɫĹⱻӰ˹ȥǴʱèȻӰȥ
һҽС
ֻӰͷ­ѾڵϣèҲȵأеļϵµεѪҺèͷѪҺƵ˵ˣҲˡ
˵ţȺް˰ֻ֣Ⱥڵõʾ֮ȫʬ˹һצӽȥ˻˵۵⿪ʼҵľ׽ȥ϶ʱѪֱ硣
һ֮ǵϳһĺ֮⣬ûԳԵĶ쿴˿Ĳкһ˵ûʵ١
˵ֻ˻֣ԭԱ֮ЪϢ½˶Ρ
ǰһУ޳һŻ£༧ȴǳɻɻȺèӺδΪʲôڶ̶̵ʱھȻԽӰɱʵɽпǲġ
༧ɻ˵ˡ
˵ָȺȥ
Ⱥߵĺһܾ֮޳ܸоոǲݴѪȵϢ
ѵȥɱޣɽʲôޣ޳аʦĻ޳һĸȺޡ
͵޳ɻ֮ʱȻһ׹ڿ˹޳ȻܣһѾϡ
ѲٰɣҪҰ㾾è쿴޳ķ˵
޳˿˿ɻԼôͱ¶أ
ǼȻѾ֣޳һ˳
ࣿèʵ
޳ĵ˵ͷ
޳ͷ֮Ⱥèϳһ˿˿ЦĳȺʮָһ㡣
СǿǺܾûгԹˣǾͿһˣ쿴޳Ц˵ʵѾ޳ϵϢڷ޳ûκιȫˡ
޳΢΢һЦû˵ʲô
ͷЦĳ˲ɵӰɣè쿴ȺЦ
ƾɵӣʲôҲûоȻɽУɱǻǣһĵ˵
͵СǸˣСǸϣ촽ȻմŵѪ
Ⱥ⻰֮һ񷢷Ƶ޳
޳΢΢̧˵Ըҵˡ
ֻ޳ͻȻһɫâ֣ڹâ֮޳Ȼ˳ȥʱ޳ϳһ쫷磬쫷ȻȺϮȥеĹȻ쫷ɣԶԶĿȥ쫷Ѿɫһ㡣
ȺޱͻϷȻ𾪣һֿ־֮УȺ޿Ϸ֮ʱܣѾˣɫ쫷罫Ⱥ˲ھ֮ȺҶһƮڿС
޳΢΢һݣȺ޵˲䱻쫷˺ѣ쫷罫˺֮ȻֹͣûκԤһ㡣
һѪڿв
ԼޱǰС˲ɱèгһĨ־壬־èһ
𣿡޳èʵ
С۲ʶ̩ɽдҰɣèͻȻ¹˵
㣿޳è˵
޳˵֮ʱ༧ͻȻ
޳üͷ΢΢һ塣
֣ûոѪȵ𣿡༧е˵ʵ޳ݱ¶Ҳ༧ģ༧ֻͨ޳֮ޡ
ҿԸİӴҲԻ磬ҳԲݡè༧Ļ֮˵˵ŽԵӲݰŵ
ԣ顣޳Ƶ˵


1766 ɽ֮
ʲô飬ֻҪСܹ쵽һ죬첻취Ҳð죬ֻҪ㲻ɱҡè־˵
޳沿΢΢һЦȻ۹Ȼһɺ˵ʲôط
è⻰ȻһϲԭʵľȻ顣
СĿԴȥèЦŻص
·ɡ޳ʲôҲû˵ǰָָ˵
༧ɫȻأû뵽޳Ȼèһ·һҪèԼȥޣŭ䣬峺ӹ޳һۡ
޳ֻоȻһ˺ݺݵıԹһ޳һս
èĴ£ڴԼʱڵ޵֮أ·ޣЩ޶޳ǿݻ١
˺һɽУɽ༧֪˵༧˭Ǳɽȣ֮ȵĳƺţǽɽȵ࣬ȶûٳȥȻɽҪ˺ʵߵޡ
޳ԶԶȥɽһģɽȵĵϸַɳʯխĳҵĴţʯͷϷĺʲôոտһ㡣
֪ΪΣ޳ɽȼΪȣһִ͸ĸо޳ϴ༧ѵ촽һּ꣬·ôʱԽԽӽ޵ĵطҲԽԽߣˮһ㱻һ
޳΢΢̧ұ۲һϵĺ飬̧ͷ˿գһ޳еۡ
޳èʵ
ԣèصһڵһ
ôô徲޳૵˵
˽⣬巶Χ֮ڣķΧ֮ڶ˵èҲ˲ϵĺ顣
޳΢΢ͷ
޵Ķڣɽȵλã;Ѿ˺ܶè˵
Ϊ޲Ϊѵ޶𣿡޳ʵ
֪һʼʱȷΪѵޣǣɽе췢ӵм޵ڵõԼȼȻǽ˵ս޻ø˵ĳƺţʵǵõɱ޵ģĲֻǣкܶȼϸߵޡè˵
ɱޣΪʲô༧Ȼһʵ
СҲֻ֪ǣ˵û֪ͨ·Ϊ·Ѿֱӷ׺֮˵Ϊ⼫Լ֮žԼĵȼԼè˵˿ûио༧沿ı仯ֻ༧ʾ˴ûֹķŭֻ޳༧÷
ԭˡ޳΢΢ͷ˵
ƾʲô֮أ޳ʵ
ûƾֻ֤Ҫ˵ɡèش
޳ʵ޳һο޵羹Ȼϵô⻹޳һο
ƽձط˵š
޳󲻾˿ЦԼԭΪǶôĸкأû뵽ôһ仰
ɱЦأеİûĥè˵˼仰˼
·Ļɱޣɽ¿˵ޱȣ׺֮˿Կ֮⣬ûκ޿ԽӽһȻƽʱѵޣĸ޽ӽˣ༧˵Լǵ;˵һ㡣
֪ˣɽпƳ͸·֮ʵһɱȸ·֮ҪǿǾǡè˵š
Ǿʲô༧еʵ
컺޳΢΢һû뵽༧֮˹ģһʼ޳ֻΪ༧ֻ֮˰Լߵߣڿֻôˣ޳뵽һЦ
Ǿǣܶӡèһԥ֮˵˳ڼȻ䵽޳Լ䷴أԼе·
ܶӣ༧һ㣬һ㶼֪
ԣҾܶӵľɳԱǵֻܶײ㣬˵ϲ󣬲ܶҲڸ·֮ʵ·ʮ˵ǲĸè˵š
Ǵʱ༧ȴΪѿ㻹֪ʲô˵
УܶӴڵΨһԭɱѵĸ·ҿɽе·ͷè϶˵
༧Ȼһû뵽ԼЧôȴʱôɱԼ༧ɽһ
ԭҫ˵ӣھȻһ㡣
ôˣè༧ʵ
û£ֻɽеĹϵĺøӣĿ༧΢΢˵
ԼĻ뷨ɽҲȥ鱾ͼթèε˵̾ϢԼһ
ǽɽȥ޳˿ͷĹâ˵ʱѾȥ˲һ
ԣǱϿˣΪ·ʱҲøˡè˵š
޳΢΢ͷֻּһ֣ǺıţڱԺȻǺڽ֮ȻͬʱǺȥ
Ƭ֮޳Ѿɽȵİ䣬֮ϸĿ˿ΧĻһ޴ʯĺ档
޳ھҺ΢΢ǰȥǰȷһɽɽΧʯңʲôҲûУ޳оһǿɽӿ˳ֻɽΧ˲½ᾧһ㣬ǹǿӡɽڣûӿ̫ࡣ
ɽ࣬޳߶޿ȥȽɢԸһ㣬ɽ޳һ֧޲ڶڰأ֧սԲͣ޳еȣԼ룬Ʊػ⵽֧ӵĹҿܾŵ졣
޳۲ɽʱ򣬺Ȼɽ³һ˿˿Ų΢ǹ⽫ѹһ㣬ǣ޳͵͵ɽ¿ȥֻʱɽһɹޣ޿ȥԱͨ޾׳ɢҲǱͨܶࡣ
ȺڵɽµʱԼѾ֪Լվλãһһ
֮ȺѾվɣǺڵȴʲô
޳һ˿˿档
ڵȴԼèǿ޳ɻԭһ˵
ϣǱ¶ʱҪ˵Ҵģһĺܲҡè޳˵
޳΢΢ͷ
Ȼ䣬ԭʵգȻ֮ܲһŷ˳ҵĽ֯ţʱȺԭվȻȥ


1767 Ĵ
޳Ⱥȥ޿èʵΪ¹򡣡
Сɣص·֣ڹӭǵءè͵˵š
˵ʱȻһ磬ֺǽ֯Ȼ£ɫĵ֮󣬿ǳĶƣÿƵǳһӰ
ʱ޳һʯ棬ڿпȥܷ˵Ӱ
֮ϵ·޳ʵ
ǣ·صνײβֻ˵ϲԼװʥǼģϹĴ޵òè˵š
ϹĴޣȸ䣬׻޳ʵ
ǣǻԵɺϣ·ĳҲϹĴһè˵
ô˭Ĳ£޳èʵ
Ĳ£ҵΪ˼ϸģҲ䱩塣è˵
޳û˵ʲô㿴Ķơ
·𣿡ȻдһҪһ㣬һֺ֮ɢ
޳΢΢һⲻòϹеƣҲһ
رʥЩ꣬ȥ˵ֻʥµèûиϵֻǷǰһһ޻ص
è죿֮ϵһ˵š
һ˺Ȼڳ˿ĴȻ룬޳һЩﾹȻʹû޳ٴνֻ޳ֽ˵Ϣѹ͡
Ȼ֮ϵ״üһ壺èĲ¾ȫһݻ٣è֪ںδ
仰ԭ޷׷ǿĴҲʾһ˿棬û뵽Ȼ˽èĲһ˲ɱû뵽ѯèϢ
ʱ޳ͷһεκˮ䣬޳Լ˵ϢͣΧĻȻӽèĵֵǻ˺ȥ
ѵļƻ¶ˣȸ״˵
ᣬǰص֪֪μƻܣôܻй¶è·ϲɽи߼޷˴򶷰ɡΪ׵˵
ҿҲҸողˣɽʵܸ߹ǵֻ죬ûҪġ˵
һִ֮¿˵ϵ޲ӡ
ڽ֮˵һϮȺ޲ӣ޲ȻһԼѾ֪ҪȥȻС֮ǶƮȥ
ʧԺǿҲǳĵâɽƮȥ
޳ŽɽĵâȻ˿΢΢˶˵ҲҪˡ
ô룿èʱȵʵ
ȻŽˣ޳ش׵ӡ
ɽнᾧģǵһᾧͱȻᱻǷ֡è޳˵
޳ȻԴ˵ȻˣֻŽˣ
ֻһ취èε˵
ʲô취أ޳˼˵
㿴вУǼװèĲ¡컵ѵ
һè࣬˵ҵĲ£Ȳ˵ܷ֣ܲ˵ضڵǸоЦЦèŵĻش
ǻû޵ģҸоض֮Ҳ༧˵
ǣûҲ᣿޳ε˵š
ڴʱ޳ڲһ޳Ժˡ
޳Ȼ𣬻ʦأϻصĿԣ
ͷĻһ䡣
ʦ廹ǶŶա޳Ц˵һ䡣
޳˵Щʱֻĳ˱仯һϹ֮޳˾Ȼ仯޵ģ
༧ѾèΪԭޣͷֻǽ˵òıˣϢҲıˣ˿νʮ㡣
ŴʱѾ仯壬޳վ˵²˳ǸϿɽС
˵ţè컣༧Ҳվ޳˼װèĲ£кöèĴɽȥ
վסߵʱ򣬺Ȼǰһ
ʲôģǰɽ˹沿һ˿ɢʵ
յʥɽè˵
ʥǶѾˣôûнȥʵ
·ϵһЩʱ䣬Ծûиϡè˵
ģʵ
ƽձطèش
ɵĿ˿ˡ
Ҳͦģ͵ҵһ⡣˵è·ͳɽΨһĻңǻ΢΢ŷ۹⣬񱴿һ㡣
ֻ޿۱֮۹Ȼ΢΢˰˵Ͽȥɡ
޽ӹ۱֮㲻è
è޳˿ȥǣ޳ͨǽᾧʱȻ񴩹ˮĻһһд崦
ֻһ˲ָ֮оʧ
˲Ѿɽ޳ȥɽĴ˺ɫʯͷ֮ûбĶ޳˿ʧ޳ԭΪɽǰĵضһء
ǣ޳ڲûгԭȺޣҴʱԭɽڿڵ޲ҲûˣǾ޳۲ɽԼʮɣʮɣռ֮ȴûκ
ѵɽлң޳૵˵
ɽһڡè˵
ô֪޳è˵
Ҳ˵èԥ˵
˵֮ʱȻ޳ǰһźɽ봫޳һϲٵǺ⴦ȥ
˿Ƕڣһ棬ӵ´ǣǵ֮ϸûжڣȴǼӲʯ
ֻ޳Ƿźʯû˼£һֿտ޳ѾоһǶڣ޳Ӳʯüһ塣
ǿлʯƱػᾪŶޣǺûа취롣޳˵
ǣ޳˵ŵʱ༧һӲʯͷϺһӡǣӡ༧֪ĻռǣռҲһֻãֻҪԼĻռǺʯͷϵĻռǶӦƱܹضڡ
ֻ༧ü䣬üļĺɫռǳֻ֣ǣɫĻռǼ΢Կ༧ǹ⽫ռȥֻռǷһĺڼʱϵӡƮȥ
޳Ƿһǣ޳ֻǰһЦû˵װû˵ʲô취أ
޳˵֮ʱȻʯһʧһǿҵĺй˳
èкȻ棬è֪ʯԵ޹ʴ򿪣֪ʯܣèǰ˲ûзʲô
èȻһ˿棬ǣû˵ڡ


1768 
ǰʯѾı򿪣޳һ
һĨȦ˰ڰ֮ǹȦıСȻһ㡣
Ʈȥڶһտ֮ͣʧ޳Ѿվ˶ڡ
޳ǰȺޣȺ޴ʱĿ飬ʲôһֻ޵ǰĸʥʥһʯվţڵȴʲôһ㡣
޳Լûб֣ǣ͵͵վȺ޵ĺ档
޳˸ով֮ʱȻǶֱʯˣĸ۾΢΢˶ʲôԣǣû֮̽ûзʲô
ʱһƬλֺ޳ʱŷ־Ȼһ֮컼˺о΢΢ĲӦ
޳ⶴе⼸ȥʱ޳ŷ֣ⶴеĴֱһڣλͷҲһڣǽںһ˿⣬Ʈ죬һڽ롣
޳ڹ۲֮ʱȻλȻӭ졣
Ǹֻ֮ȺҲ̸ȥ޳˿ҲǼæ
֮޳΢΢̧ͷǽֻ֮ǽҵı仯ţ׵Ľ֯һ㣬ҽ֯Ժǽ⼫ٵתתۼһӰû˳
Ӱĳ޳һǾȻһˣһŮˡ
Ůףһʱŷ˳֦͹µıһɴǣԼ޳ŮϵһС
޳ǿסĵȣٴοŮӣһ˫紺ˮ޳Ƿӿںĵ֮Ͼ飬޳ұֻ֤һеģ춼һ˼롣
ʱ༧΢΢һڲԶŮԼƽʱЧҵһֽŸ༧ͬ
λˡ쿪˵ˣˮᣬҪ˵ȫڻһ㡣
ΪЧң¸顣λʥص
ʱҲˣλʥ֮򿪰ɡ˵
λʥ⻰֮󣬷ֱɢɢ֮ȻŸֵӡǣֻӡڿֵںţʱɽֹ߳ţֹҲڽš
߽֮ʱλʥȥʱλʥϥڿУΪ׵ڶ׻ȸ䣬˳ʱķſſ֮ͬʱ̧˫֣˫ǳйߣߺںϵĹǽ֯һ𣬶˵ͷ嫵һ㾰󣬺ʱǧ羡յķΧһ
ϿλʥϹͬûʲô޳һ
ʱλʥûܷâʱͷǺ״ʯƶȥ
ʯײһ˲䣬һâˣֹâĳʯҪһ㡣
ʯʯȻһһˣﻺһ˿ߣ߷΢ӳɽڡ
֮λʥ֣ص棬˿˵رһ¡
⻰֮󣬻һ߲֪١
ֻʯ֮ŴԺ澹ȻһֻھȻҽҽĴʲôҪӿһ㡣
ֻĸʥҽȥߵҽʱ˵׻ȸ䣬
˵Щ֮΢΢վȥ
ֻҽȻȵҽӿ˵棬ڷ֮һֻҽϿգһεҽĵȥƬڳĸһƬһ㡣
ֻ޳ֵǣ뾹Ȼӵаֻͷǣ޳΢΢ԾѵǴ˵еİ˽룿
˽룬˵֮֮Ĵ󻤷˴
ˣǻ΢΢ſʵ
ǣǰ˵ӡɽУǸϵ˵ػ䡣˵
ǰǰˣͲҪ˵ˣҲ˺ܶ飬ػ˰ɡ˵
֪⼸У˺ܶĿ࣬ѵ޵Ķ󣬸֮ʲ֮У֮Ѿķӡֺαشأ˵
΢΢ҡҡͷ˵֮Ͳزˣǻȥɡ
˼벢ûг֮⣬óһƤƤŹӨ֮⡣
¿Щ˵Ƥ˵
뿴ƤȻһһ֮ʱȻȻֵƬǵƬȥ
㱼䣬ȻоʲôԼϮҪܵʱ򣬷ѾˣֻǵƬԼϮȻһ㣬⵶ƬǴ壬ֻıһѪҺ£ǳзһ˿ˮ濾
Ȼֻ֮صֻǺһεεҽ
̫³çˣȸȻ˵
ղǻᣬѵϾܽɱȸص
ڶļžΪû˸ұ֤ܹ˽ǻɱոһԼолϮû뵽ֻ˻룬ʱΪܵ»صС
Ϊγҡǻһ˿ŭȻƽ͡
ˣֻ롭͵˵ֻǻδ˵꣬Ǻǲǰɡ
ΣȻĸӷŭֻ֮ҽȻһҽڱ֮ʱֻΪֱϮֻѸⲿ֡
ҽڽӴķֵһ˲䣬㻯Ϊޡ
ˣֻ뿴١ȸ˵
Ǻã㣬ʱ˭ǵһλʱŪ˵ʵ
ȻȸصΪѾϹ˽ˡ
ȻǡЦţҷҪһ㡣
ǰ˶һЦ˵
ҿǵı仯ǻʱѾ»ص˰ա
˶һۺһЦû뵽Լƭסˣǰȥ
˿֮ʱȻǻȫͨ죬һǿȻ䣬Ƭޱȹǻſ޿ڣһȻӿӿ
˸оһȣȻ̧ͷһŻϮϳһĨԾԾ㡣
ǣ˵֪ΪξȻ޷ǻֵ˿⼸Ȼơ
һĨ־֮ɫǰ
ʱȻڹһ˵ǰ


1769 Բ
ǺڹȻ˵ǰֻǺڹ΢΢佫ҵҺǺӰӴһ˲䣬һ㡣
ѶԸǺӰ˵Գ
лȣλʥͬʱ˵
С¶ѣ쵭˵˵ţ쿴˿еĻ룬쿴ѶԸǹǿ֮ǿϸʤһһʱ֪Ǻá
ǣڵõҪȻԼĵȼ޷ôԼֻȼ֮ͣͣ˶Լٺһ㣬ôԼ֮ء
ȡǲˣ쿴ʵ
ǣ̫³ç콵Ļ̸֮˵
ԼթԣȡҲԭģ޹ء쵭˵ţո³ç֮²δһ㡣
л½⡣ص
ش֮󣬼ǻ뿴ȥʱֻ΢΢ͷˣЩ˿棬˿ߺޡ
Ȼ䣬ǻʤһ˴ȥ˼״Ȼ֣һɫڼǰ֣ǹߺݺݵĴϣ㱼䣬ƲһڵϣȻԾȻһԾȥ
Ȳŵ֮󣬸ոס壬ǻһŻϮ˸оΪŭֻ˻ʹзȥʹ£ովȱ޺ɱ
ֻԭվɽ֮ǻȻȥһ֪Σһ㡣
ʱ޳ǰеı֮еĵУһתۼѾ˻ҽ޳ͷһҪҪֵԼϳ컺༧ͬһŵı顣
ڼ˽ʱ̣ȻڼԱߵèȥèȥһ˲䣬λʥһ㡣
Ȼӣ΢΢˵˵֮󣬰׻Ȼһ̤èȥʱè֪ԼѾ¶΢Ȼš
è֮ʱȻоܵҵػһ㣬һèѾڵϣǰ׻è˵֮һԾ𣬵ϥݺݵèèһƬڣֻоԼѾͷ
ʱиоһ˿׻ס֣
Ѿյİ׻Ȼͣסһȥ׻ڵԺʵΪΣ
ֻʱѾ׻Աߣ俴èзһ˿ɻʵʧè죿
è־֮ʶĵ˵ͷ
Ĳأʲô˸˲ɱˣʵһÿһῼǵǰͺƶǸ֡
ʱԼèһţ˵޳ɱԼְ޳ôԼͱɣԼҲʵɣôԼҲɣñͽŵèӽ
èŵ۾˵Ҫ£˵ұ֤㲻
è仰˻һ۾΢΢޳ˣ޳ȻһѲèԼ˵
ֻʱè΢΢̧֣һָֻ޳ָȥ˵èָȥǾ͵Ҫת֮ʱȻҷ˹ȵĿдһȻȥ㿪һ̣ȫèèı˲佩ӲƬ֮èѾΪҽ
俴ŻΪҽè̾˿Լ֪û뵽Ȼֱǻƻˡ
޳˿ȥèһ˶һۺֱĿ͡
飬޳˸еţû뵽ǰŵѾ˵ˣۿҪֵ޳ˣԭĸӽˡ
ǰһȥޣ޳оԼĻĺһǳ¶ȼĸߣܶ޵ΪûнӴǻ嶼ǳȵ¶ȸˡ
޳뵽ϲһս
ۿҪԼʱ򣬺Ȼ˵ֹͣ
仰ʱ޳Ȼĸˣû뵽ʱȻ³޳Ҳʣһ᲻ỹ
ȥԣ޸塣˵
ʵķӡûȫԴʱĻ빦̫ߣֻҪ־һܹܻ񣬿Ǹ⣬ȵ¶ҵȲֿܵġȸ˵
΢΢ͷͬȸġ
ǿнϳأȸ˼Ƭ̺˵
ǿиϳ˵ùǵĹûô߰˵š
ǿ󡣡ȸ̽һ沿ȴǷһ˿յЦݡ
󣿲УԲԣݺݵ˵
ҿǲóʦǵķɡ׻Ƶ˵ܲһ
ô᲻ó֪ʦĿģ˵
Ŀģǣ㻹ǵԶˣ׻˿һ۷̵˵
׻ҵȻɱ룬ЩܲܲҪھ˵˿ŭаһ˿ɱ
ʲôóôҿһ¡ʱ˵
ĻݺݵĿ˰׻һֻһӣһɫԲ
ǣ쿴ﲢ۵Բ˵
ϹԲȻϿȥͨǵĴ߶Բᷢ߶֮ǿʮ˵
Ӻζʵ
ǣʦڶɱɽ֮ʱһųޱߵʦģڼʦݺȥԾͽⱦǣֻǡ˵
ֻʲôʵ
ֻ˭Ҳ֪ⱦǼ٣ʦż˳Ϊ˶Ҳûнⱦó˵
֪߶Բľ巽𣿡ʵ
֪ģҪϡ΢΢˵
ǿԡ쵭˵
ڼ˵֮ʱȻǻȻǼ¹˼״Ȼܣ֮ϣ˲һӣԿĹıǿ
²˳٣϶ֻ֡ȻԲУ΢΢һԲȻգ֮Բ㿪ʼתһ߲ʵĹâ𽥴Բɢ޳еԾʹֵʱǿһƲʺĶڿС
޳̧ͷ˿ǲʺ״壬Բ£ڿ£ԲͬʱеĲʺһ㡣
ʱԲںȻ뵵ˮ״ϥ⼸˿Ҳϥ
ʾϥλãԲʼڼ˵ͷתһָŨصĲʹˡ


1770 
ǲʹֺ˷ֱԼüĴռǣռǺԲһ;˵˫ڿٵתţһֵӡӡ֮󣬿ʼƮȥɫĽ֯ɽ޳Ŵʱ˹ˣһδ֪ĸо֡
ֻгɫߣɫԲȥߺӡǵͬʱԲĹâǴʤ˼֡
Բߴʤʱ򣬺ȻԲתֻԲѾ׼ǻ룬뿴һ˿棬ȻһǻѾ˵˼
ͻȻԲһߣȻ֮ͣƺһΣգ޳ԶԶĿһУһԼ޹һ㡣
͵Ĺڽӽһ˲䣬ǱΧһ㣬ʱĻֻоһ䣬ǹѾ˺ǰɫƮȥڽӴÿһ˿ʱܻὫɣ֮ǻͻᱻ
֮ĻƺûϨ𣬶ڱȼһ㡣
ǻ뿴ǰһһֲԤϮԼֻǻѸҵײȥ
ǣ뱳һźһıƽûٶԽԽǾʱ򣬺ȻԲгһ磬ǷһҪѻԲһ
⺮ϮȥһְɫĹâڻ󣬻̳һĳ棬ǣ֮󣬻뷢ԼĻûʲôãǱȻԼƽ
Ȼҡǻ뾹Ȼڿʧˣ޳ȻһԭԼڵĻʱȻʧӰ٣޳ҽ濴ȥֻҽʱɢһȦȦһȦȦƽĺ汻Ͷһ㡣
ô죿½ҡʵ
ûϵһð취ƳġȻһעǺС
Ǻڱעһ˲䣬˰֣Ȼڱһ㣬ܶĻ΢΢ڶһ㶨
ǻһıţһ֮ұ˰ɫҵı汻ˡ
ǾԶɡݺݵ˵
ʲôȻܹұ⡣ʵ
Ҳ֪ʦ˵Բ˭ԲöֵԷҲ֪ʲôԭ򡣡˵
²ֻɣ׻˵вһֲм
׻ǶԸʱȽǵһšĸΪԲ󣬱㿪˵
ǵҲܣǣڲǴʱ򣡡˵
Ȼɫȥִͬ˵ǣϢŭ
˵ͷ˵Ƴ
˵ֻ֮ԲȻɢѩѩǱϯϣԭһ㱻Ҵʱѩ¿ٵıֻԭҵĺУھȻѾȫ⡣
ʱ޳΢΢оһԼģʱԼ޷סԼ壬Լᱩ¶
취ǻ롣ͷ΢΢˵
֪ʦ޳ص
޳ٴ̧ͷʱֻȻƻ棬һʹ֮ϮȥǲʹĽ֯һʹ⽻֮֯γһȻŷǻƳ
ֻڱлƶڻƶ֮ʱȻһϮֻ۾գգѾһĻʱһЦְֻЦֻǳһ˲䣬˲֮Цݱʧˡ
ԽԽӴһ˲䣬Ȼʧԭһ룬ʱȴȥ˸ա
ʱüļһ壬Ѿ֪벢ûбϮУǣֵǣһ˲֮ȥ
㲻˵Լұ𣿡쿴˵
ʱصĲ֪˵ʲô⣬ȻѾˡ
԰ǰ㻹ʲôɣ׻ʱ侮ʯ˵
׻ҪŰ׻ݺݵ˵
Һ׻˵
ʱǺ׾Ȼð˿˿⣬ԭǻʧ֮ȻҵĸҲûб⣬ûб⣬¶ȱ֮ǰӳȡ
ʱɢ⣬뾹Ȼһ㣬ɢҵ뽫ϴȥ
ڱһĽӴϲıڻţڻͬʱɢ
ʱ޳ȻоһƬȣλʥͬ䤱޳΢΢쿴ȥֻ㺹Ѿɴ·͸ĸֻһ˲֮޳æĿ˻ȷһֹ֮
ʱ޳ͨ죬Ǵʱ棬޳϶¶˴ʱΪ
ҪǾһսȻ˵Ȼʲôһ
ôĳʵ
˽ǻڱƼʱȫŭŴŭʹߵˣ˭붼й빥ʹõɷ֮޴Ȼڴ˵صĻ»Σա˵
ͺˣʵС׻˵
ʱĻôǰڵŬ׷ˣһԣ˭Ҳ쿴˵
ԭ˵뿪ʱ̾һ֮ͷԼΪһ
ãȻû뿪ӦսȻ䱳ֻ
һֱһҿţɫĳӳĺɫ⡣
˼ҿǻγһĽ˸վһλ䵽Լλ֮ϥ
΢΢ۣһϳˣĳ֣ϿպһĨᾧһ㣬ҵȶɢ˼֡
ֻǻϿյ죬лûһŽɫĹӳ£̽һ
ʱԭϿվȻȫڻˣǺɫô³ڼ˵Уüļ΢΢һڻһ˲䣬һɫĹϮ
ˣȻƴ󷢣ǽᾧͬʱ΢΢һǳɫĹѾǽᾧˣǽᾧѾɫǣǺɫ̫ǿǴƽᾧȥһѾˣΪǹѾԡ
ֻ۾΢΢һգеĽɫ̽һӣǹ类ɢ˼һ㣬Ž΢΢ɢǺɫһһʧڿС


1771 ׳
ǳɫʧ֮󣬴ǳּȹ΢΢һ˽Ĺٶδ̫һɡ
ǵȥ֮ǼɫϮ˹ȻڷɫĻ棬нɫĶ̽ڷɿķţһֻһڿзɿƮš
âʤͷһεκˮѾȫû赲סǺɫһ㡣
Ǵʱ޳огֵĳ̫ǿңǿǰˣ޳֪Ϊθоʱ˶Ըǲ̫ǿȻôһ˲֮޳뷨ıˡ
ֻǽᾧĳѺۣһ֩һɢţһ֮Ȼǽᾧһˣһ˲ȫ޳ֻоǰһƬ֮һƬɷףɷڿгţ޳΢΢˫ۣһǿڻ¿ʼ˵
һ̽Ѱ֮޳ȻԾû뵽˵Լ֮£ǣȻô
һʱ䣬޳ȻоԼ˴󣬿һ̽飬Ȼˣ޳з˿˿ɻ׹˾޴󣬶ǻȻôСʲô޳˼š
ɷ׹ߵʧ޳о׾Ȼ޳һ
ͬһţ˸оһкܶ෽治ֻͬҪǸ־ܸܵĴڡ
ô£ͻȻʵ
˽ҡͷоһ˿ԼǰԵ̫СʵԼ֪Ҳס
죬ǻܻ𣿡ʵ
ϲò󣡡ͺǵ
ǣλʥȻվպ󣬻ϥһͬһ
ֻ׼úüĻռǾȻһֳռֳ֮쿿£ȥһ˲ǻռǽ壬΢΢һڽʲôһƬ֮ϸֳһĨһĨа֮ϳֵĲʹ⣬еĶ̽ȻҲ߲֮⡣
Ȼˣ༧𾪵˵֮΢΢Ĳ˲˵һǳѵһ㡣
ʵȴǷǳѣҪϵϣҪǾġϼ˲ܴﵽһ£ôǺѵһ¡
༧Լк峢ԵʱԼǴӹŹһ⣬ԼеĻ䶼༧𾪵ԭ
༧֮ʱֻӳһɫĽҴȥںͽӴһ˲䣬ǱϾһˣǽֱӴڲһֱȥҪһ̵ֱǻΪֹ
ǻ뿴⽣ϮȻһ㣬ҽҺȻĻζ֮ͣ
ಣ
ȻӶ£ǽһʯͷ㽫ҽ
룬һսŭ˵
˵仰ֻ֮ұһݣҽ֮ܵģˮһðš
쿴ԺӽֱݴȥǵȻǺ֮ͻȻҽͻȻӳɫ˽ɫֽɫȻ˫ۣ첻ֵǰ߲֮һʧɫоһֲ֮С
Ȼ첻֪Ϊ򶥲ȥڷϿյһ˲΢΢һϲȻһᾧᾧǽɫģƾôǽɫýᾧ޷ơ
оһ˿־壬ԶԶĿȥǽɫеһСڵһ㡣
СڵıȻһǿĿ£а
ȻͷִʱѾҲŬĹᾧƾЩôǾȻܱơ
㲻˵ڷӡûȫΪδʱȻôǿ󣿡׻˵
ȷʵûнӡȻô޴ҲͲ֪ˡֻ˵ΪԼĴж϶棬ôԼҲ֮ء
ΨһǾᾧҪڷϻˡȸ˵˵֮ȸн״ֻ̬һǽɫĽᾧҵĹţ⹥û˿á
ʱ챳ԽԽͷȥͷһ˲䣬Ȼһ
ʱǻԼͱȸոմ˾Ȼһ࣬ɢȻҲˣһָѵϢϮ
ʱŷԼڻǰôСʱӶű˫ڻ뿴쵹һСһ㡣
Ŀ죬Թһ˿Ҳһ˿ŭ죿
ңôˣȻʱȻ򶨵˵
벢û˵ʲôֻ֮۳һ磬ɽɫıɫŭĿ죬ȻϮ
ʲôȻо𾪣û뵽һ˲侹Ȼˡ
ɫ׵罫ѾΧˣһɷŷ˳ԼһȦᾧֻǽᾧʱɫ׵ȦȦѺۡ
һСˡν˵
˵ֻ֮ǹеɷȻϮȥ
һ̼䣬΢΢תȻͣΪޣѵ²
֮󣬻Ȼһɫ׵Ȼʧ
²ʲôϵұӡʱ㿼ǹ²𣿣˵ҵѵ޵ĹߣɱҶȥҵڵھɱ㣡ǻŭ˵
ΧȻһȦҡ
ҵõڵֻΪˡ˵۾΢΢ת
Ϊʲô뿴ʵǵȴǰ֮˹һ
ֻΪˣֿǴǧֵ֮ˣľӦ֪ɣ汻ӡʱҲΪ𣿡켱е˵ԼϢ沿ϣԼѾľһ
˵ģΣ˵ǣȴͻȻԼһ
Σû취ֿǹͬɢһ˿˵
ôˣȻʵ
Ȼӡһ֮أǣǴǧҪҵ쿴Ż˵
ʱ۾бŷһŭĹߣȻһ˻ƬȻʤ


1772 뱻
ֻʱʤһɷڱŷ˳΢̧ͷ­죬Ȼһŭ
˵ģ뿴˵
ǧȷʱһƭаһЦ˵
û뵽Ȼϰ֡һĨ
ǣתۼתΪ˵ȻǶһȫһ㡣
޹أֻһ࣬ΪϣҲҪ̫£ҾȷŹ㣬ֲ֮£Ҷ㣡뿴˵һֶ̡
˻һĨϲû뵽뾹Ȼϵˡ
ãزš쿴Ż˵֮װûŲɡ
벢û˵ֻһջأɫҽ֮ڣǺһ㻮ѵĿصڡ
֮¾͵ûзҶšϷɫᾧʧ̶׶֮ȥɫһ䡣
ֻڸո̤ᾧһ˲һĨЦ˵û뵽㾹ȻôƭȻ
⻰벪Ȼŭû뵽Լһαƭŭ֮»һȻ׷ȥ
΢΢һЦֻнɫ̽һӣλʥ龰һһȥŭ֮пܱߣѾԼΧ
ת֮ʱȻ䣬һɫƣһǴʱѾˡ
ǽɫڻĴƣ⿪ʼԽǿңڽ֮ʱ񱻽ɫƣһȸϮڲǽɫȻıСš
һξͲõܺˡȸȻ˫˵
Ǭǿԣû뵽뾹Ȼûа취ѡ׻ȸ˵
Ǭǵ֮ɣ˵һޣǴɹҲ޻ءȸһĨ˵ԼѾɹƷһ
ʱĻ뿴ǰļˣиһŭû뵽Լ˼˵Ĺƣǣڻ룬ΪȻһĽԼս
Ǻñɣŭ˵
ɣ̫ƭˡ˵
ʱһһŻǻǻһ۶ϣǣǽɫȻһ±ĸ͡
ˣѾͷˣһǽȻȡڵȻĹô飬ǻúúġ׻յ˵оǳ
ڰ׻˵֮ʱֻеĽɫ̽΢΢֣ǽɫ̽ڿз輸֮ȻΪ⣬ǽȥ
һַŭǻʱȴ޷ǵڻϣʱǻ类׻һ㣬֮һǿĻܽǣ⾹Ȼһͻƻܣ֮ϴȥ
ǻ֮粣һȥǽȻϻƬǽӴʱ򣬼ŷ˳
죬΢΢֣ǽɫֻ̽صԼС
ȻѽΧǣķҲ̫ǵһ취΢΢˵
λʥһĨɷ㹻ڴʱɱ룬ΪͻȻ֣
죬ɱȫĹͣսҲӦġ׻΢΢̧˵
ʱ׻Ѿ뵽ĵ뷨λʥ֣˵죬ڵ
ˣɱǴҵĹͣô˵Լأ쵭˵ʲôǣ˼ıֲ˼ôɱ룬Ǹôڵ
Ϊ֮ˣΪǽӦõġȸ΢΢˵
˵ȸһֵӡᣬӡһֱˣȴûз˵֮У𽣬Ҳû
ֻӡ룬ڴﵽʱǽɫȻУǽɫеͬʱǽɫһֽ˼֣ս֮ǽɫȻһɫĺۼۼһˮʣˮ״ڻƬʣ֮ǼӲƬȻȥ
Ǻ쾪ʵ
Һȸ˵ûп죬һν˳
죬ȻԾû뵽˾Ȼ׼ЩΪûԼ޷򿪻ʱʾһ˿ţû뵽б
λΪǰ쿴˵
Ϊ£ǻ𣿡Ƶ˵
˵ţֻ΢΢ǻƮȥڽӴһ˲ȻеĳȥһɫĹ߳ڻϣƬ֮ȻһѪҺʱȻŴɫıѾ͸ȫһ
ȻƬôӲôҾͺú÷һĳ˵Ȼȥ
ǻ뿴һĽӽȻǿһŭ֣ǻȻ䣬䱾ΪԼܹԸѾסĻ룬û뵽ʱԼʱ뾹ȻԼ
ǻʱѾ鲼֮һ˺ѷεȸдΧ΢΢һ壬ǣԼھȻް취棬Ҳ΢΢һû뵽뵽ȻֹȻѾ䡣
վһԿǰһУвһ˿Ц⣬û뵽ͼõڵȻһ˵Ļ˺ǣʱ첢ûгּݻ䣬ڶ˵ĸܹһԼĶ־һôԼõڵĻʾԽ
޵컹Ǻ˽ģһļթԼʱ䣬ǿһͻԼ֡
λʥһ־֮âʤȸʱָ΢΢һǲڻϵȻɢĸ֧ĸ֧СһƮȥȻ̶֧׶ܣǻʱѾ
ڽ֮ȸѸȥֻȸһɫذףذ׿һˮһ㣬ⲨˮһĨֳذǻ롣
Ȼһ˻֮ǻϱذ׻һ˿ڣѪҺ˳
ֻȸذ΢΢˳˿˿ѪذϹȸͷذ򣬿΢һЦ˵ѪҺ𣬹Ȼû뵽ҾȻܹѪҺ


1773 ȸķ
ʱȻȸͼɱһĨŭ
޳ǴʱǽƿеͷһĨŭ˵
ǣ˵ţ޳Ҫ
ǣ޳Ҫ֮ʱȻһɫĹȸȥȸеذҪٴ֮ʱȻоһ⣬ͷȥԼеĶ̽Ƕ׼ԼҪ
ȸȻдذ˻ұۺݺһ̧һȸ֮Ƕ̽ذ׵ײ֮
ȸҪʲôŭʵ
ԭ죬Ϊ˭͵ϮأⲻڰõڵαԶ֮Ѫ˫֡ȸһĨŭȥЦ˵ֻЦһĨޱȵļթʾ˳
ͲǷˣԼС˵ж̽ȥڶ̽ڿ֮ʱһȻ֮Ȼһ˦еĶ̽Ȼҽ֮ڡ
ֻ´ҽһķڷ֮ǽɫ̽ȻɣƬԺǽɫĶ̽ѾһŽˮ
Ȼŭȸ㡭
ôˣ죬ҲСĽе·Уˡȸ˵⳰һ
ȸڵġȻһŭ
ڣûɣȸ˵Ȼһݣʱ֮ϲƣ֦ݺݵסˣǽ۵Ƥϳ˼ۼ
ԼѾһ˿˿ʱȻȥֻӿ˷֡
ʱڽͰ׻ȻѾˣ֮ˮѾȫǣϵĻ治ûмСʢˣʱĻ潫ˡ
һҽ֮Ȼ£Ƿĳ潫ˣֻһɫĻҽ
䣡Ȼ󺰵һĴԼʧȥҪĶƾУ֮Ҳûг
׻΢΢һû뵽ĻôȻð׻ɵĿ룬૵˵ѵ뾹Ȼ
ֻǰ׻˵˴ʱȻʧˣΪʱѾԼܱ֪󣬰׻ԼòҽеĶ
Ȼʲô׻ʵ
ȻĹ׻˵
Ͱ׻˵֮ʱȸѾ˿ʱȸľٶȻһû뵽ȸȻçײĽ
ȸҪ֡ȸԣ΢΢֣ȸѾһߣףմʱ˸Ķ֡
ʲôȸһ˳
㾹Ȼ˴治֮£װһ˵
ʱ㻹ʲôûʱѾҵסƾʱҲѲˣһıĥȸ˵
ʱע⵽ϵȻһʵѾڻǣ
Ѿܹ˵ȸЦ˵һԺ˳
㾹Ȼﵽ磿ȵʵ
ȸû˵΢΢ĵͷһ⿴Ȼ΢΢һЦ˵ѾˣҲµĲʱӦһ˰ɣ
Ȼ󾪣ԭȸҰĲֻǽȻִԼע⡣
ʣһôˣʦͬţȻʮַŭȴһ˿һ˿ȸϵ֮⡣
ʲôأһҵĴʦֶֻҪɶȡڵļƻһôģȸ˵󼸸ʱȻйâʤһҪЮ֮⡣
ȻܹͬڵʦȻˣֻǲ֪ܰʲô΢΢˵
ܰϵģֻСȸ˵Ȼ󴦳һСһ׻Ʈȥǰ׻ʱ֪ô£ѾԼȻ׻һĨ𾪣û뵽ƽպԼͬ˵ȸʱȻԼ
ȸʲô˼׻Ȼǵ
ʲô˼㾹Ȼʲô˼ȸЦ˵
ʱͿˣ׻ͽˣɱ˻Ƿˣ˵㣡ȸ΢΢˵
ʱ޳һȸﵽʲôԼͬʦֶԼסˡ
ֻǣʱ޳Ҳһ˿ɻΪʲôȸڸոտȸͰ׻ĹϵӦñȺĹϵϼ֣ΪδʱȻû¡
ɱ𾪵ʵ
ԣɱȸгһ˿ꡣ
ʱϷһ˿֮飬ȸʲôȻƽԼ԰׻ǣԼûɱ˰׻֮⣬û뵽ȸȻԼɱ˰׻
ȸȻƽʱҶ˿Ҵûɱ֮⣬Ͱ׻ĹϵһֱܺãǣʱûʲôɱʵеȻڶȸķŭ
ΪƽʱͰ׻ϵҲŲ֣Ҫ˵ϻ㲻ɱȸŭŭ˵
ɱɱҰɡ˫ۣԼѾĻ䣬û뵽֮ͬоȻ֮ˡ
ֻȸеذ΢΢һ׹֣Ǵȸб˳ȥֻذײǴǰ׻
ԭ׻ĻȻһгֶĸм֮飬ǣ׻ʱԼĺȻһĶⶫһһԼĺ֮һʱ䣬ǰ׻оһ˿ѣǺʲôҪӿһ㣬ʱڰ׻ıӺѪӿ˳
Ȼ𾪣û뵽ȸȻɱ˰׻֮ʱȸȻһѾ׻ԣֺݺݵĽ׻ϵذװ˳һѪ̴Ӱ׻֮ӿ˳Ѫӿһ˲䣬ȸݺݵĽ׻̤ȥǰ׻һһҽ֮Уҽ䣬׻ҲѾΪҽ
ȸ庰
ֻ˻֮󣬱ȻȸϮȥһɫĹâڰкݺݵȸϮȸ΢΢̧һνģֻǽɫзȥɫĹâȻͽɫӴڽӴһ˲䣬ɫĹâԭϮʱѾǽɫ
ɱҰɣȻס
ȸһѾԣǣȸֻ΢΢ֽ̧˹һĨյ˵ɱ㣿ʱ򣡡΢΢һȸ˼


1774 ɱȸ
ѵΪʦķӡȻ˵ڡ
ȻѾ֪ˣҾͲ㣬֮ôʱ䣬Ҫ㽫ʦӡȸݺݵ˵ȻƮȸѾʧȥһ㡣
ΪǷӡɱ˰׻ʵ
ɱҪɽλȸЦ˵
ȸڻлͷҪٴȥȸ˵
ûʸңˣڿеһϣʱԴ㣬ҵõڵٵõʦķӡҾͿɽг½֮ռһϯ֮أȸȻ˵
ѵλ˵ôҪʱ쿴ȸ˵
Ҫÿ߸ϣ˵ȥǲȥ˵ǲ꣬Ҽ⣿ʱҵλҪԣ㲻úܿЦ죿ȸȻѾԼ˵ַŭѾܳʱˡ
Ȼ룬ôҲûа취ν˵
룿ôģ㽫ɽӡû˭ܹȥ˵ǲԸڵĸ˵ʲô˵ڸʱǶǽɱ⣬˵ʲô죬˵ĺȫѧģȸŴʱ˵
ֻȸ˵Щʱ༧沿΢΢һ£Լıʲô˺һ㣬ֻƬ̺༧һ˫Ȼ̧
˵ûЩ˵ģɱҾ;ɣҪȻڵģû㣡쿴ȸ˵ȸʱѾҩɾһ㡣
Һڣʱֻʱ򡣡ȸ˵
ɱΪʦķӡɱǲΪо쿴ȸ˵ֻһĨ֮˳
첻죬Ȼ֪ˣҲͲڲʲôˣҵõڵ㽻оˡȸݺݵ˵
룬ʹҽоҲɱҰɣһһ뵱ˣôսڣ쿴ȸµ˵ȸӦôһ
Ȼ䣬ȸߣһϷȥЦЦҵķˣҿܲɱ㡣
㡭ȻŭһĨɱ⡣
ǶĶͣ㲻ӦҰ죬ʱػϽֻҪ㽫źˡ˵ȸͪϿȥ
ȸŲɱ㣿Ц˵ֻЦһĨɱ֮
ȸȻֻصԣ΢΢һЦһҪлأ㣬ôܵõһУ
ƬѾĵ䣬һƬƬػһƮȥֻǣŷŭھɱȸһ
еİࡣ봭Ŵ˵
ȻһƣȸݺݵĴ룬ݺݵ˵ͷȻ豾ھ
˵ţȸеذȻ˳ذ䣬ȥ޳΢΢һҪ֮ʱȻǽƿе˵𼱣
ǣѾΣˣ޳Ȼ˵
㿴˵
ֻ޳̧ͷ­ֻ֮һȻǰɫذײ˳ȥȸ΢΢һһ˿Ծ˳һ˲䣬ȸ뵽˭ʱ춼ѾԼˣԼǬǲѵġ
ǣǽȥ֮ӰȸǰȸȻ𾪣˾Ȼ죡
㡭ȸ˵
ңôˣȸҪɱ𣿡ʵһ˿Ƶ˵
Ҳһ˿棬ǬԼҲ֪ÿһ£Ǭͻһ֣ûпѣԼǰվŵ죬һо˿˼顣
ôܺǬΪסң쵭˵۹ȴԱ߿ȥ֮Ǳŵ졣
ȸ˳ӿȥǬһ죬˾治ѡ
ֻüһԭŵ컯һŽǽڿһ֮ʧˡ
ǡǼȸһĨ־˵
Ϊأ˵
ֻʱȸһ˿΢΢һ£ֻһֽ
һβǼ˰ɣȸȻЦԼѾʤһ㡣
ֻһ˿Цˣȸʲôʱܹһ㣬ܵﱾĵλˡ
ֻ˵УһǱֻһŽɫʧˣȸαֳĿ־塣
ȸ㻹ʲôȫóⶴеɽеÿһֺƮڿС
ȸ̧ͷܿȥѰƮ֮һ
ѰңߣҲܡһδ˳
ȥʱɽгһɫĹӰӰڿĴƮֻȸһڹĴȥǣǺڹͽӴһ˲䣬ǽ·һһʧˣֻڿһĨĨЦ
ȸ߳ŭ˵еĺڹ⻹ܴȥֻǺڹⶼ˶ϣǶȻһ𣬶ʱɽɽķɡ
ôˣļˣҪõҵλȸȻɢš
޳ʱҲһٺδ޳Ҳ֪һҲǾģ
ǣȸʱ˵ƣһ˵ƺʱԼѾֿˡ
ʱһȻȸԼȸȻһǣ⾪Ӷȸ۾ʱֳһĨֻš
ֻǣֻԶʱȸһѶ̽棬Ƕ̽תһ£һѪ˳ȸͷ̽ȥֻǶ̽ȻһΣһѪӿ˳ȥ
ȸȻȥһ˲ȸѾлΪޡ
ʱڿУǽɫâĽţȻһ֮ǽһˣ죬ֻǴʱһ˿ԼʧȥһЩһ
졭ԭȸˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôˣ߰ɣ΢΢˿˵Լʧ
ʱѾ˵뷢ԼҲѾ⿪жȥ
ֻոն죬Ȼ̶һ˿붨
ǣȻˣǣ⿪֮ʵǲɱ͹ģֻ֮ȻһȻ棬ǻҺ֣ڵͬʱһŻȥ
΢΢һǻϮ֮󣬱ǻ빥ȥ
뿴Ŵʱ죬ȻתΣҵײȥ
ŴʱĻ룬һЦ⸡˳


1775 й
ŴʱĻ룬һĨЦ⡣
ЦڽԼȦһ㣬ǻҵײȥʱеĽɫ̽΢΢һӣǶ̽ڻӶͬʱһϸĹ·Ʈȥֻϸ˷һ㡣
ڿҽһ˲䣬ǻȻԳһ˿ϲãҲֹֹԼĲ֮ԼָĵطûоԼӳԨһǾ͵гϲ֮ʱȻҵײ˿˿״塣
ıţͬʱȻһ֮ʾ˳Ȼһ
չоȻȫסˣû΢΢һǿҾԼǰ뻹Ȼȥ
ֻȥʱǳһŻ棬Ļ⽫ϸ״ȫգǴʱ֮һĨЦݸֳ
Ȼ䣬Żϸ״ӴˣֻɽȻһ⣬֮ʱһֺҵֻгһϸϸƣϸǴҶƮһ㣬ϸмŵƬ״壬ڹ˸ţߵķһ
޳۾΢΢գʱ޳ײһʧˣʧȻǱһˣ޳˿棬Ŀǰ˵˭Ҳһ֮ǲһģԴʱ޳е
ʧڹʧ֮޳̧ͷգֻϵЦǿңȻһײ֮лʤ޳ĲȻǿǣ˵һɱ룬ǻǲʵģϢȥˣ޳üͷ΢΢һ塣
Сӣ׼Ҫˣǽƿ֮һ˵˻ȻһĨŭһս⣬ս˵˿˺þûгֹһ㡣
˼һҪҵս޳ɻʵ
˲û˵ֻǣ޳оںȻһңһһ
޳΢΢һüͷȥԼ彫޷ǹй޳ʮֵģԼʱ¶ô᲻ʲô¶޳ϰȻöԷֲ
ǣʱ޳ǿпȥǿеʱעҶеһУֻҶһƮ˳ǽƺһ
޳ϸȥǻ룬ʱĻ뱻ǽɫϸİһ޳΢΢һԼƾ۾Լֻᷢ룬ǻϢѾȫ
ѵˣ޳૵˵ֻСû
ǣ޳˵仰ǽƿеˣǻ뻹ţֻϢȫˣ
Ϣգ޳ȵ˵
ǽǿ֮һ֪ΪξȻ䵽һֽ׽ϢյĹܣĹжԼʵʩԣʱѾΣڵϦ
ھͳȥˣ޳˵Ļ֮˵һĨ¶˳
ȲҪôż˵
ȣٵǻˡ޳е˵
ˣеģûܱҸӹ룬ǵôȫֳʱҲȫӳҵֲκιֻƾǿͶԷӲƴô㽫Ϊľ˵һ˿޳һ˿ޡ
޳Ѿսȭͷȥ
ֻʱǰУ̧֣ƮĽջصԼһĨϲڱ˳
룬Ҳֻˣû뵽쾹Ȼôɶܹ㲶񡣡˵
ڣǻڽ֮һĨŭ˳
첶룡ʱԶһԵ˵
첢ûֻǣ΢΢ǽɫĶ̽УȻ䣬Ƕ̽
΢΢ͻȻһֲԤгС
㲻һֱΪЧ𣿡쿴˵
ǵģ졣˵
ܺãôھͰﱾɱ롣˵
⡭һ˿ԥ
ûʲôֻҲ붯֣ҵ֡΢΢˵
仰֮иѾףɱΣһ˿ԥ
ʵɱ˽һܣֻɱ˽֮˱ضᱻ˽ڵˣΪ˽дʶʶͬʱ֣һǵڶʶͻ֣ǵڶʶһڵ֮УڶʶڶݵʱɱɱԼ֮ˣһʼͲֻɱԭ򣬱ȴȸɱڵȸԼ̫ǿң鲻Խĳ֡
޳濴һҲоһ˿ԣʱǽƿ˵Ŀǰû˸һɱ롣
ǣʱȻǽɫ̽Уһ˵ģǻȥֻǶ̽ӴǽʱȻоһǽкйǿҵԹ塣
Ȼ䣬еĶ̽΢΢תȥƺѾ֪һ㣬ֻ΢΢һǶ̽Լ߲
Ȼϡ΢΢˵
⡭˫ֲ̽͵
ֻ΢΢ֹ֣Ļһ㣺˵ˣ֪벻֮
ɻĿ죬еĶ֪̽ʱֻصУ΢΢תϸеĻ롣
ʱǻƬ˲٣ڿȥǻһֻС¹
죬ڻʲô취ʵ
ʱһ˿ˬû뵽Լֻ֮ɱ룬û뵽Ȼܲǻɷµ⡣
ֻͣƬ֮ȻһоĲڡ
ôˣ졣΢΢ʵ
ʲô𣿡쿴ʵ
ûУ죬Щһֱɽ֮Уйɽ֣һֱûµĹص
ȻһĨɻ󣬿૵˵ѵɽнµȻ֮֮Ӧܹ
ʱеɻԽԽŨΪѾо֮ȻⲻԶ
Ȼ䣬ܿȥֻгֻޣ޲ûʲôȫλʥѡ


1776 ޳
쿴ΧһУһĨɷ벻֮ȻԼǿǰĻԸðա
ֻеĶ̽ȻУֻðˣϣֵܵסڵ˺
ƺһΣǸǹ˵һЩǾǲڰ޳
첢ɵ֮㿪ʼѰ֮ԴƮ죬ʱ֣ʱ䣬вһ˿ɣʱűĳ֣ҪȻԼʱɥ֮¡
ֻǳȻĻоܣԭû뼸һߣʱȻûĹȻһ죬Ѿﵽһ㡣
һ˻ǳд˳޳üͷ΢΢һѵʱҪɱ˻롣
֮ǰĥһʱ䡣˵еĶ̽ѾûΪһְɫĳޣⳤ޻Ӷ䣬˻͡
ûģԽֶԻ˵
죬ʱҸо˿סһ΢΢˵
кβסװ֪˵
ѵûзΧһ𣿡˵
ʱ޳ǽƿ֮ѾԼ޳йǹڳţ޳ֻͷ΢΢һ˼ȻԼ¶棬ȴԼͷųⲻǹ⽫Լ¶ߵì޳һֲ⡣
Сӣ֪ʲô΢΢˵
ֻǲ⣬Ȼó֣Ϊͷ¶ң޳ֵʵ
ⲻǱ¶㣬ڱ㣬ҲԱ룬оĴڣôͲһɱ룬ͷŵ֮ǻһ˿ɻģԵǽ֮ʱƵġ˽͵
޳Ȼϸüûе˼޳ƶǶĵ˵ͷǸһ˿οһ㡣
֮ͨʱѾ뼸£һ˻ûֹͣԽԽǿң޳ܵȻһ㡣
ʦ壬Ѿ޿ˣ֪ڿɷ֣޳еʵ
ٵȵȡ˻ص
⻰޳ȻԾ˵ҪȻ룬ǵȻ뱻ĥҪʱ˾Ȼһֱȴ޳Ѿ˵׵ȴʲô
ʱüļ΢΢һ죬ţҿǸ߾ǰֻ˲
ѾˣƺٵȴһֻᣬоֻŻǶѡ˵
ʱԶ޳ֻԶԶĿ˵˾ʲôȻͷŵĸ赲ˣ޳ֻܹ۲˵Ķ²Ҫʲôˡ
ֻеĶ̽ȻܵһֳĹȻǴӻϲܵͬʱǻ֪ΪͻȻֵ⣬ǻ⾹Ȼڳ¶˳
ʱ򣡡ǽƿ֮Ȼ޳˵
޳ԭƴ仰֮Ȼ˳ȥӰ˹ȥ
ʲôȻѾоı仯ȻͻȻԼǰ˿ԾֻӰڿлζ±ѾԼǰˡ
ڳԼǰһ̣ȻӰȻһӰڲӰʧǳ֪ΪѾȫ˺顣
첻ע˲ҵײȥ
ŻĻѾҽ棬޳һ˿˿ϲ֮顣
ǣѾôˣȻ뿴ȥֻԭĳھȻƬѾҵײˣҲԾ飬Ծ˾Ȼһ˲佫ǳ飬Ϊֹǵһܹ˲֮ˡ
ʱ濴һе༧ҲȻһԼ޳ΧȻûз޳ʲôɳȥģ֪޳ʲôʱ˺ġ
µ޳˺ľȻǳһֱΪĳ޳ﾹȻһ˲䱻ݻ١
ʲôȻ޳֮ϵЦŨˡ
ʲô˾ȻôɽȻʱĺ£Ϊϣ˵˿ڡ
޳û˵ʱ޳ģģ޳ϢҲһ޵Ϣʱ֮Ѿǽƿ˶
ʲôˣҲʥµ𣿡޳Ц˵Լһֻһ
ܣȻӵ޵Ϣ޵գڲزģˡ쿴ǰ޳˵
Եģûʱ˵ˣΪҪˡ˵ֻ޳΢΢һҡ뿪
ֻ޳뿪֮ʱȻгһ⣬޳޳΢΢һ㣬ǽⱻԼɵĶˡ
죬Ҳ̫˵ɣ޳ͷ˵
ߣֻ죬ȻһƬ⣬Ȼɽ
ֻ޳ڽӴɫʱȻоһ󷭹ַ޳΢΢һ塣
󡣡ƿ֮˵
󣿡޳ҲʵȻ޳֮ǰܶ󷨣ǵһο
ԣϿȥôСרΪ֮ɵһ󷨣֮˲󷨣ΣҲ֪һ̫͹ˡ˻ص˿һֺǶ͹ĺڣΪȳڡ
ôˣʱ޳վеĶ̽һ˿Եøӱ
޳΢΢ת㲻ߣһߵ𣿡
СӣʶʱֻҪ첻㶯ôҲֻܲҪɲ֪ɽ죬ǡ˵ţƺҵһԼԺӽ顣
ס죡˵컹ݵʱȻȥ
ĻȻԭ˵Ļȥ
ҹĵĲ㻹ʲôݣҹĵһܻܲųȥ޳ЦʵһڿһСѾͷһ㡣
鱻Զ컿һĨˬ
ȻˣԳް˵Ĳ˿𣿡˵һ˿⣬޳һЩѾ֪һ
ԭǼȻ˵˳޳ҲͲʲôˡֻ޳˵Žģ˵ˣԼԭģ
Ȼһ֪ߵغСӣҲŴʱ޳˵˵Ӱһ޳Լȥ
޳΢΢һһĨ΢Цϡ


1777 ༧֮Թ
Ȼĳ޳ϳһĨЦ⣬ĳ޳еһ˿Ц޳ʱĳǼ䲻ǵġ
оǰ꿴ȥʵôǿѡ˳ֻ֣ڳֵһ˲䣬־Ȼһ˿ԣָооԼѾϵˣϵȻġ
ֻʱ޳һһ֣޳֮ʱ˳ȥûн֣Ѿ֮Զ
һѪʱؿڲ˼Ŀ޳
㡭ǿڲѪ˵
ôˣֻ΢΢һ¶ڣȳֵġ޳ν˵˿ı
Ҳû뵽ԼȻһ˲䱻ˣֻԻָһ˿֮졣
ʱû˵ǿ޳޳˿ɣ޳ʱоǿ
ֻģû˺֮⣬ǷҪ֣ôҪ㵽ˡ޳˵Ȼ֪ʵǿ
ôĿﻹ뿪ҿǳ˵ΰɣʱ˵
ʱҲ֪޳ʵֻʵԼƵķΧ֮ڡ
˵ΣԲ֪ˡ޳˵
ƿиоƺѾԼļƻԭǽƿ˷֮Ϊﲻֻ޳һǿڵּƻѾ¶ˡ
޳첻ô򵥡ǽƿ˵
Ѿ֪ˣΨһİ취ֻսˡʱ޳ֳһŨŨս⡣
СӣȻûп㣡ǽƿ˵
ҲµĲ㲻һİɣռҸоһ˿ϤϢ֪ҵλͬġ쿴޳Ƶ˵
ȫ𣿵Ȼôһ޳ָԱߵ˵
װͿ˵
޳ȻһֺɣѵԼѵԼһֱɵ༧Ȼ
޳΢΢һʱ֮䣬ȻһӰ˳ӰԱ߷˹ʵȻףֻһ˲Ѿ޳Աߡ
༧Ȼһ
༧ʱ۾ݺݵĿ죺ԣҡ
Ȼ㡣˵
༧δ˵վ޳
ʱ޳Ծ༧޳һֱΪ༧ֻ֮˰Լߵߣû뵽༧Ȼ
޳༧˵һ˿ȣǻǱ޳ѹȥ
ǣڲˣ༧˵ԼһֶȻĥһ
༧û뵽㾹Ȼ֮£½֮ϻбҶõ㾹Ȼң첻˵ʱ쾹ȻгһȻʱ༧һ
ȷʵܺãʲôֻֻһѽûõʱҾ͵༧˵
ֻʱ޳һҪ뿪ֻǻδ뿪Ѿ޳ǰ
ߣȻǶ̽޳ȥ޳һ⣬Ȼһ㣬Ƕ̽죬ǻ˸ա
ֻǲڲ飬ûȥֻĶԹ޳סЦЦ˵ʱ޳ڿһ㡣
ֻǻδ޳˵꣬ȻֽеĶ̽޳ȥֻβֻǴ޳ǣһɫĹȻ̽뵽һһ֮󱳼侹ȻȻֶһ˫༧һû뵽ĹѾﵽ˫֮ĵز
޳뿪㲻Ķ֡ʱ༧޳˵ԼԼһ
޳ߵ༧ͻȻо༧Ȼʲôһ㣬峺гһĪĶ
˭ߣͻȻ˵ǽɫýᾧǴʤ˼֣˫ڱȻĻӶֻǻӶ޳оһɷԼϮ
ֻʱ༧֮ȻһɫȦȦ༧תһ˲֮༧ɴ߸¡ķ༧ԭɰģࡣ
ֻʱ༧Ѿһɫ̽ɫ̽ھʯǽ˿˿
㾹Ȼӵб֮𾪵˵
벻ء˵༧Ǳ˫ǳļһ༧ȫɫ
㾹Ȼ֮󣡣Ȼ˵
ǣһ༧˵
ʱϳ˿˿һ̫ͻȻ޷Ĳ֪Ǻһ㡣
޳һƬãȻû뵽ԼֻΪ˽Ȼ룬Ȼǰ飬޳ϸ۲쾹Ȼ༧쾹Ȼ˵޳еһ˿֡
ǡ޳뷨һͻȻʵ
ֻɻûн༧еĺɫ̽ȻǶܣǣֻǸոն༧Ѿԣ̽ӶѾ촦еȥ
ʱӦýһɣ༧ߺ޵˵
˻֮Ȼһǽɫ̽΢΢ζҲĽ㣬ҵļѾˣˣˣһɱǶ
Ȼǵֻ֮ɴ΢΢紵ǰ֦гһ⡣
СģܵĴ̼̫ˣѾƽյʮˡǽƿ˿ٺ޳˵
޳΢΢ͷʲôҲ޳ֻܿǿ༧ģ֪Լ㱾Ըûб䣬ȻڹǿȻײţ޳м䣬ʱ޳ͬһСһ㱻ţһʧô޳ͻˣ޳оһ˿Ī˶ԷܿľȻԼ
ʱ޳ҵײֻҵײһӰҽǺӰ룬ʱѾָ˷޳һû뷨ָô죬޳֮ʱȻһԼϮ޳󺰲ã뾹ȻԼޣʱϮԼ
޳ȻŤԼ޷䣬ǽƿü΢΢һһӡǳüļ䣬ӡ޳ĳֻ֣Ƹոųһ㣬һĨӨ֮֮ƿ
ǽ֮޳΢΢о֮ϳһ˿֮Уԭѹ֮Ҳ滺˼֡
ǳȻײǽ֮ϣǽȻǳȫһ㣬֮ԴȻ֮УǻԭɷȻһƬȻ˽ɫ


1778 ༧
ǣȻֵľ˿˿
֮༧Ҳĺ
ʱ޳ϷĽڿʱȻʤԭɷ񾹱º˼֡
ǻȻº͵֪Ϊֻǲٹ޳Ĳҽ
ʱ༧˿޳֪Ϊ˾ȻȻֻ֣˿ɣ߶һ㣬ǣͬʱֲ˿˿յϲá
޳ϵ֮Ȼо޳ƭǿ϶ǳףԼ޳ʶҿ޳ƺģһʱ˼
ֻͬʱˣ޳оСһ˲䣬Ȼȥոյ˱޳һԣ޳˿ˡ
ʱѾԼʮ״ǻδ޳ֻͬʱӭ޳һĪĲ졣
㾹Ȼӵ֮Ǵǧ֮ˣ˵
㲻Ҫʰɣ޳˿˵
༧޳Ȼ֪޳СҲǵһο޳֮ƽʱֻǾ޳ͣǴû޳ӵ֮
֪ⲻҸʵ飬ģôҲԺδҶὫǣ޳ָһ˿˵
༧Ŵʱ༧Ļȫʧˣû뵽Ȼ벻ġ
ѵûһ˿ڸ֮⣿༧˵
ڸģ˵ǰڣ˵ȴǲݵȻƺȥӰܴҽܲҳϡ
Ϊ˵λɱΪ˵λɱȫɽ㲻ú𣿡༧˵һ˿ŭҲһ˿
༧˼лصȫұԼɱʱ
ʱɽ֮д죬ʱ쿴ƽʱľʵȴޱȵĿҰ忴ҪռԼŮΪϹʿޣʶ𷴿Ȼǿڱ巴֮ҲĴԼͷ
ʱ·𿴵ϣϣԼܹλʹüƲƭ죬ʹΪͬһģֻ巴ԣڼƳ֮ƭȡĹŵ书ѹŮԣ鼱֮½ԼΨһĸɱˣ鱩¶֮Ҫɱһζ˹
ι˵ʱԼ޲ӣĴ£弸ȫ⣬еõŵ书
һʱԼ͵͵ţֱǹȫ֮ٴҵ죬ƭȡ֮Żɱ죬ҶΪ屨
༧屻ɱʱ͵͵ɽںɽֱһ֪ԼĽѾˣ༧ų֣ڶ෽֮ȻԼĽɱȫң༧任ǰŻɱǿԼĽÿ춼Ϊ༧Իɱԥ
֪һ죬༧ԽԽԼȥã;༧ڱεʱ˳½У༧ĺ֮磬ϵ֮˺
༧񰵵ڻʱһǿԼϮ༧ܵһһա
ʱıڱ仯ţеĶһĥԼнɫĶ̽ʧˣʱ˫ֽͷҵļš
޳Ŵʱüļ΢΢һ壬·Ѿ֪Ρ
ֻһתķ磬罫·ҵľҵļ֮ǷֹͣˣʱҲ̧ͷ̧ͷ­һ˫۾¶˳ֻ۾һ⣬ǽͷ­̧ʱڿлζţһĨյЦϸ
ǼЦ֮ԽԽǶڵҽıҵķţ޳ĿڵΪ˼ϵѹʧˡ
༧㲻Ҫ𣿡Цֹ֮ͣ༧˵˿ơ
㵽ڻ֪ԼĴ󣿡༧ǰ˵
ҴˣҪ־͹ȺϼһﲻеĹŷҲˡ༧˵
ֹŷвŮȴĹأ༧ݺݵ˵
ЦأΪҲ֪Ⱥϼһﱳˣ˵ĵǹأôһ仰ǰһ֪㵱Ȼ֪еĹŮʲô㡣˵˿ûлڸĵ˼ֶ˼Թ
Ǽеĳ֪ĿҰԲŲгһΪҰĶͱ˶Լ༧˵
ǰˣôǴвŮˣеĹֻΪһƶģ˵ЦݿʱѾ޷Լ̬ˡ
༧û˵Ϊ༧֪˵Ҳ༧еĺɫ̽սˣΪʱһĨɱѾ˳
һȻ༧˹༧΢΢һһź֣ں༧Ѿ֪ȥ֮ʱǺȻһźˮ
ʱоһ˿ˮѾԼˣְоһճ״䶯
һ֮ǺˮѾ˺ڽƵĶȻסˣƱճסһ㡣
༧Ȼ֣еĺڽȻ˳һĨ֮༧ȥ
оһ⣬Ȼеȫ۵˫Ȼſһ⽫Ǻɫ״ʳſˡ
һɫĴɽȥһɫܷɽͬʱеĽ𽣳ˡ
༧΢΢һû뵽ԼΪ׼ĹȻˣ΢΢һ˿֮༧ָֻ˵ǰķ༧еĺڽȻ̧
Ķ̽ײѸɢȥɢ޳оԼսһ޳Ľɫ
ʱ޳ǰĴ򶷣޳ȻѾ֪ô£༧ֺ첻ͣض֮֮ˣ뵽޳΢΢һ塣
ǣ޳ǰ֪༧ȻĿĵĽӽԼҲԼ༧ıԲ뵽޳εҡҡͷ
Сӣʲôأһ˹
޳Ȼһ


1779 
޳ȻһԼԭ
ҿС˼ҵ˰ɣǽƿе˵
ʦˣֻǿһΪλҪȥ˲޳˵
ȲҪܣڽ˵
ʦ壬ڻѾûΣˣǺαؽ޳ʵ
˽ǻԭҵԴұӡԺһֱȴңû뵽ھȻ֮֡˵
棿޳Ȼȵʵ
ǰǰǰˡ˵
ڽﰡ޳ֵʵ
ѵûзҵײһڿ߻롣˵
ԭ򶨵޳Ȼһ滹һɿƻôƱغǿ󣬵ԼȻûз֣޳˳Ҵȥʱ޳Ȼ·ȻһĴڣֻ޳ֲ嵽ʲôζۼƺһӴľߡ
Ȼ棬ôֵʦ壿޳ʵ
ոʹӡʱǻȻзӦӡǽӡǣǻ˲֮ȻнȥɼлһݺݵĿ˵
Ҳȫˣʹƣôǰȫģֺαشأ޳ֵʵȻΪ˻İȫǣôڻǰȫģֺαطҪأ
㻹ûףûⲿܹ˺ҵײûԼھʯȡ⾫ʯｫʯȫպǻҲ̫ʱ䡣üͷ˵
ô֪滹оʯĴڣ޳ʵ
ͨĳôǿܹһɱ䱻ʱҾͷĲԡ˵
ôأ޳ʵʱ޳Ҳע˵
ѾΪ˽¶ȽҶһҵģǻ治˺㡣˵۾΢΢£к˵ʲôھ
ֻھʱ޳ͻȻһĨӨĽɫɫ޳
á޳ص
˵仰֮޳ȻһҶûȥ
˲֮޳Ѿվǻ֮ϣǻ͸ɫĻţڸоϵԷյʱ򣬺Ȼһ޳һߵӰ
޳Ӵһ˲޳Ȼһ£޳ȻִʱԼΧȻ˺ʢ𣬿ԼϾȻû˿ȸУ޳аһ¡
ǻû޳İǻ֮кȻһȻ޳Ϯ޳΢΢ܺ岢ûйס޳ֻȻŻѰŻᡣ
޳ʱ忴ȥֻֻһβƮֻ޳ԼԼβ֮ϾȻȫ۾۾Σ޳˫˫۾ӵһ˲䣬޳ȻԼһƬгڷԼһ㡣
ʱ޳оһȻһû뵽еôǿ󣬾Ȼ˲佫ոյҶе޳ơ
ֻ˫һɫˮγУɫˮ޳ѪҺƮȥ޳ѪҺζ
޳ѪҺڱε۾֮Ȼĳֻ棬ǻһѬ޳ľʱ޳оԼľʼŤŤ޳Ȼĸоһʹֻ޳沿Ȼһ壬һ˻޳˻Ժ޳ﾹȻֻǻ޳нȼ
ֻǣʱѪҺζɫҺĿʼ֮޳һˮһ㣬ʱ޳һĻָԼʶ
濴޳תǱеɫˮɫˮͬʱȻһɫĹâ޳֮ϣ޳оһ˿ˬ
ʲô޳ʵʱ޳ĵĻѾȫʧʵû뵽ԼȻ˲ܡ
ҲµĲӦǧۻߡ˵
ǧۻߣ޳ʵ
ԣǧۻߣǧۻӦ׺еΪ˴
˵׺Ѿǧ֮ռ죬ǻǱ޳˵
ô򵥣ǧۻмûĶ֡˵
ռ׺֮һصˣ˵½ѾƣҲǱвȥ֮ɽȥȡʯ޳˵
ֻ޳ĻԺȻ󾪣ָֻڷɿʲô֮Ȼһ˵
޳ıѾ֪жôǿ
˶ԻʱȻ޳Ϯ޳㱼ٶܣǣ޳θոȶ֮޳ѾоһԼϮ޳ƺеϤ
ֻ޳ȻŤתǻһգ޳ŴʱĻ룬һ˿أȻ֪棬Ǳǧۻ߿ƵĻֻн
ô죿ɱǧۻ޷ңɱǧۻߣô޷ȳ벻ܱȥ޳˵
ֻ沢û˵ͻȻüļһɫĺۼۼһϸСһƮȥǻһһѾ˻Ȼƽ
˲֮ǻȥĽɫŦʱһֻȼţвãû뵽ǧۻ߾ȻܹԼ˿գȻԾ
ˣ޳˵
Ǳˣ۽һ˵
ʲôң޳ȵʵұ˵룬֮޳оԼһ㣬Ҳһ˲仯Ϊҽ
㲻£ҵԸһǿԵġ˵
˵棬Ө֣һ˲佫޳ˣʱ޳оһ˿һֱһڳ޳ļ
ڽ룿޳ʵ
ȲҪ˰æġʱ˵
˰æʲô˼޳ʵ
沢û˵ȴ˵ĵ΢΢˫ۡ
ֻʱǱڴ򶷵༧ˣȻ޳ˣ޳ȻǴﴫģȻ֣ȻѾе㲻ܿԼֻҪڻģܹסԼġ


1780 Ҷ
ֻȻ֣༧еĺɫ̽ȥû༧˼ֻһתѾ˶ڣԶԶȥ޳Ȼûһ˿Ȼ޳ԡ
ôȥ룿޳˵һ˿䡣
޳΢΢ͷ޳˵ûֻ̫༧ĶȽ϶ࡣ
һ𡣡˵
޳ͳԾΪ÷澹Ȼûһ֣Լһ룬޳ǳԾѵΪ˵õֶΣԼ
޳ɻ֮ʱ˳ˣͻһǾ֮壬ҵĻҲ֡
Ϊθոջû湥ʱ־̬޳ʵ
ΪλʥڵߣԼթǳ鶼˼ǲҶĿĵġε˵
ǣ֮ǻɱ룬Ǻһǲǹ⽫·𣿡޳ɻʵʱ޳˿
ǧۻ߻ɱ룿Ц˵ʱѾһƻ
ʱ༧Ѿ޳ԣ޳ͷ˿༧һ˿м
༧ע⵽޳ֻһ˵оƭԺңҲΪ档
޳û˵ƭԼ޳Ǻ޵ġ
ҲҪȥ༧˵
༧˵仰ʱȻһȥΣ㲻֪𣡡
ֻ˵仰ʱֽһ䣺õڵԣҲھɱ㣡
༧Ϊһ仰ҵû˵Ѿǻ֮С
޳˿༧Ѿ˻棬˲δ˵һԾǻ֮С
޳֮ԭ֮⾹ȻһȣȻ¶ȡ
޳廤ס˵
ֻ޳Ļ֮һɫĹâɫĹâѾ޳ʵʵİԶԶȥ޳Ǳһɫһ㣬ɫĻ޳ܿȥ
ʱ޳¶½˲١
ʱȻӶеĶ̽ȥֻʱĻȻŭƬȻڻ˵ϵԼܲĶ֣棬Ľɱ
ֻʱĶ̽ѾӽƬȻһŭǻѾƵ档
ٴǻ빥ȥֻûеԣȻһӰڻ֣߳ǺӰȻϮ˹ȥһʱע⣬ȻУʱоһ˿ȸУֻȸڼһʱ֮ʧˣϾԼǾ֮塣
ԾǣоȻһﾹȻӵǿĹüͷ΢΢һ壬ʱﾹȻԼΧһȦһΧתתо˿˿岻ȡ
Ȼһ˵
Ҳעˡ޳ͷ˵һǱȥ
༧޳ѾǱȥ޳һȥˣ׵Ŀ޳Լǰ޳ȻǱȥ޳ĿĲֻ룬Ķ޳
ǻδΧ￴޳ǱȥȻҡһҲȥ
Ｑе߸ǳԾǴʱǻҲȥˣ̽һ޳׷ȥ
ǳȵҽʱң޳оԽ¶ȷԽͣ¶ȫϷһʱ޳΢΢һܣܳ˻֮ûκ塣
ֻ޳Ǳһʱ֮󣬷Ȼڣڷֱͨһʱ޳֪ߡ
޳ͣм䣬üͷһ֮󣬺Ȼз𾫹⣬ұߵ·΢΢˵
ֻֺʾ༧
༧߸ȥ֮񲢲֪˽ĸڣ෴ķȥ
޳༧һξ֮󣬺Ȼо¶ȻţָоҪԼѬһ㡣
СӣٴסԼѾҪӽǾʯˡ˵
Ǿʯ¶ȾȻôߣԼԼо⾧ʯڻԾʱڣﵽԾʱȫȼ֮޳صǿЦ˵
ǵʱޣֻҪȡǾʯǧۻߺͻضȥûǾʯǧۻҲûʲôˡ˵
޳΢΢ͷֽԼۼΧɫâ΢΢һ
ʱ༧ԭ֮Ҳеҵĳȣ༧΢΢üͷԼûܹԼ˵Ļһ㣬ʱȻ˲༧¶༧еһ˿ꡣ
༧΢΢һһˮγԼˮγ֮༧һ㽫༧
һ˿༧ԭ𽥰ֻ༧һӰѸ˹Ҫ༧޳һ
༧΢΢һ壬ѾⱳΣֻ༧ȷӰǷԼк༧֮ȻоԼ뷨˿ǣǱӰֻǲ֪ûжԼְˣԴʱ༧ڵۼһ
һɽһֱǰζţֻڸо¶ԽԽͣгһ˿ɻ¶Ȼ½Ҷĵǣоǰƺһӿֻǳı䣬ǰұ̹ǡ
ʱɻǾȻûз༧޳ӰоԼǷߴ·ˡ
ǹȴһֱǰУһһ㡣
ʱ޳ǰζţȻо񱻻Ϯһ㣬ȻһȥֻǱ༧Ӱһʱ༧ҲѾоϵĲʣ޳༧ͬʱϵķ˼֡
ʱ༧еĺڽȻлӶڻӶͬʱǺڽ֮вıŽ˶Ƴ˿˿ĺǺȻԭĻˣֻΪ༧ޣǱĻֻǳ༧ʱ޳ߵĻȴ
ԽԽҵĻ޳оһ꣬޳Ȼһɫ޳һ˲ǵ⴦Ϯȥ
ֻɫںǵ߽Ӵһ˲䣬ɫһ㣬޳Ǳյɫ΢һ
ɫ֮󣬵ǿˣ⾹Ȼȫ޳
ͬһû뵽ǧۻ߾ȻܹǣżĽ⣬Ȼһע뵽޳档


1781 ߻Ӱ
ǧۻ߲ô򵥡˵
Կĳ޳ʵ޳ǧۻ߲ûб֮ǰ仯̫ࡣ
ǧۻȻǿ󣬿ǲ֮߱ǰΪǿԴ𣬵ڿѾ׼ˡ˵ţһע޳ڡ
˵֮ʱǧۻȻϮԭĽʱȴȫʧȥǧۻߵٶȵ١
޳Ϯǧۻ΢΢һݳ޳ϣ޳ǧۻӦǽ⹥Լǣǧۻ߲ûйϮ幥Ļôͻᱩ¶ԼǰԼͺ׵˺ѵǧۻ߷˲ɣ
СӣҪעˣǧۻ߲ڹ㣬Ϸˣ㣬ǧۻǸоڵĶ֣žϷˣһè׽ס󶼻ϷˣһһҪСˡ޳˵ţ֮ӿһȻĹâԼԤĴŵ޳ʱĳ档
ʦ壬֪ˡ޳Ϯǧۻ˵
ʱ޳ǧۻ޵ķŴţǧۻ߾Ҫһ㣬ǣ޳ÿһζ֮󶼾Ȼǧۻ߻ԭĵط
޳ոסεʱǧۻȻһΣ޳ȴˣ༧Ȼһ漴ɫ̽΢΢һбγȥ
޳üͷһ壬û뵽ʱ༧Ȼͦ޳༧ӰҲûмֵģΪ޳ǧۻ߼ι֮Ѿǧۻ߾ȻڻӰԼȻ˵Ϸˣ
ǧۻǰιʱ޳ܵӰвһ˿Цǧۻ߸о޳༧ֻǻЩ˰ˣ㲻ϸ֡
ǣο༧ȻþȫϮԼǧۻ߲˿˿ŭ
ʱ༧еĶ̽ѾǻӰӴˣǴ༧Ȼ̽ȥʱ༧ԼǰﾹȻǸӰʱ༧޳ԭ΢΢һƳ޳
֪ǻӰɣ༧˿ŭʵ
԰֪޳νĻشš
༧û˵ǺݺݵĹ޳һۣǶ޳ļ䲻
ǧۻ߿Ŵʱ˸ŭû뵽˾ȻԼǻӰûԼ˵顣
һ˻֮ǧۻȻβ༧ȥβͼ䷭ĺ޳һ
ǣʱ༧ȴΪκǼһǧۻߵĻӰ༧ֻǻ˻еĶ̽ûеֿ֮⣬ǲӺβ;Ҫ༧֮ʱȻ۾ȫ۾һƬƬɫҶǧۻߵϣֻҶŴ۵Ľɫ
༧ʱŷʲôԣҪ뿪ǣ༧ߵʱ򣬺ȻоԼǱʲôһ㣬Լˡ
޳Ѿ༧ʱֻ޳ȻΣ˫Ȼ༧༧ǰ֫޳һû༧Ӧ޳Ѿֵһߣ޳༧ߵһβͺݺݵĴ༧ԭվĵطһ˿˿𣬲ǻβ͵ĳ鶯²Ȼȸ޳ļȻеȡ
޳ڽ༧֮󣬽༧ʱ֪Ϊ༧ԭմʱȻ΢΢糺죬޳˲糺ֱߵĺϼһ㡣
лл༧ȫûԭĸ߰һ㣬һСŮһ˵
ǿովңҲŲء޳ν˵
㡭༧ԭߵıȻ
ʲô˭ƭҵģ޳༧ʵ
㲻֪һʼ֪ƭ㣬ӲҪߣʲô취˵ˣʲôԲȻ˵༧˵󼸾Ȼȥ
ǻûļɣҲµĲǵ֮ɽõʯ֮ߣҵòҲò㲻˵ˡ޳༧ݺݵ˵
㶼֪༧޳˵֮͵͵Ŀ޳
Ҳ֪Щһ֪һӦôǲǳҺĹϵȫûз޳༧ʵ
ʱ༧񱻻濾һ㣬޳˵ĲԼͨ޳ĹϵǸոճ־޳ʱȷԼҪȵģԴʱ޳˵Լ༧˿ί
ʱ˵ǧۻѾȻŭˣû뵽˾Ȼ˿ԼĹ
һ˿ͺǧۻߺʾԼڣ޳༧˿ûֻǧۻȻҴʱ췭ظԭվ޳༧ˣҵĽ£Ȼȶԭֵվ壬浹ȥ
Ʈ䣬ǧۻ༧Ϯȥ޳ԭҡ忴ǧۻѾ༧ȥ֮£޳ȻԼǿȶȶ֮˫༧ȥ
ֻʱ༧жٸһƬڣ༧оԼ׷Ԩһ㣬༧ƴҡԼԼαվ༧ôҡȻ
ʱ༧ѾоһԼлȺӴһ˲ͻᱻյһ㣬༧ͷһԼһÿ־ӿͷ
ڴʱ޳üһһɫӭ˹ȥ༧ĵһ˲޳Ȼ༧༧ʱоһһһ㡣
ǣǧۻһ˲޳Ϯ˹˿޳ԭǧۻ߹Ŀ겢༧Լʱ޳ѾǧۻߵļƲߣ޳д󺰲ãǣǰߵβѾɨ˹
޳Ѿȶܣ˲Լȫۼ֮ϣֻ޳֮Ϲʤ޳еԼݽһ㣬ٲ֪ǧۻ߹׶ôǿ֮ǰ޳ֻ
ԶԶȥһɫ޳ڰͬʱ޳༧¡
䣡
һǧۻ޳ֻ˳֮ȻĴȥʱ粨εҵһĴɢȥ̵ĺˮһ㣬Ҷﵴ
һɳȵķ罫Ʈڿеҽ˲䴵ɣһʯͷ״Ķ֮ҵײȥֻڴҵһ˲ֱۻ
ʱ޳ҵҡţɫһһ㣬ɫƮƮ޳оһѣθУǣ޳Ȼס壬ϸĴ۲ȥֻ޳ҲҲǧۻߵΣϢѰҲ
޳ȻоԼʹ޳Ȼ䵹ڵϣʹԭ֮һĴȥǹ޳һʱойɲ
ôˣ޳༧Ѹٴ޳ɫֵ̿Ŀڵ޳
ʱ޳˻һ㣬ҵĳ鴤ţ༧һ˿κ


1782 Σ
Ȼǧۻߵȫɫ֮ϣǣɫ޳ȫǧۻǾ޴޳ȴһ˿ҲûУײ֮ನ޳
ǳĻڽӴ޳һ˲㹥޳֮޳嵹ȥ
Сӣ̫³çˡ΢΢˵
ֻ˵ͬʱͷΧûһųˮƵˮΣˮڻûһ˲䣬޳Ȼȥ޳ȻоԼ񱻶ǧԨһ㣬Ǵʱȴһ˿ޱȵ泩У޳оһ˿ϣ
Ȼ޳壬ԭȫ޳棬޳ԭ濾ڽ֮ʼһ˿ת
һ˿˿תУһ˿˿⴫޳ȻϴһɳȻ
ԭǾʯ֮𣬾ɼ޵߶ҳ£ȴⲻ¸ң³ç³ç֮˵޳
ô죿޳ǿһ˿˵
ô죿ôˣոǹɳ徢أ濴޳˵
ҡ޳ʱоһ˿ί
ˣȲҪ˵˵ҡ˵Ϸһ˿Цݡ
ֻ潫޳ĳˮȫǳˮ˿˿޳֮ǳˮı޳Ȼ˱ǱһĴɢһ˪޳档
СӣҪһˣˮҪڿתˣȻ˿ʹǾƵ˵˵˿ʹʱȻ͡
ֻ˵֮Ȼˮƶǳˮǲһ㣬Ȼ޳ת
ǣתͬʱ޳徹ȻŤţһ˿˿ʹ沿˳ǳˮھת֮ӨӨڽ޳ľһ˿˿ı⣬ڱͬʱǾҵСд
ǳˮתһյʱ֮Ȼͣ޳޳оǱ򽣸һ㣬Ǵ̹ǵı޳ҵĲţ⻹Ҫġ
Сӣסˣ潫һûΪһ㣬ڳˮȻһơ
֮ܵ󣬳ˮѸٵĶβתֱ޳ȥǷı޳ľһĻ޳ȻŤ沿
ʱ޳ڣǳˮȻ޳࣬ԭȵ࣬Ȼֹͣ޳ڸܵİʹȻ˹ȥǳˮ޳һڻˣڻͬʱ޳ദԭյĻһϨˣȻϨ˵¶ȴǱȸոոˡ
潫ˮڻ֮Һ޳϶ˣھۼ֮Ȼ㵹£޳ȼյĻȻϨ𣬿ǣ޳ܵˮʶһαѣ޳ֻоԼദһ˿˿ʹ
֮潫ˮ֮ˮۣ֮³޳塣
˵˿ʹô˸ﻹƭˣ޳Ƶ˵ֻǴʱ͡
˵ûء˵
ֻʱ潫һɫע޳ڣɫºͣڽ޳һ˲䣬ƤСһ޳ľζ
ȥ֮޳оһд޸ոձˮ˵ľֻ޸ʱһд޳塣
Ƭ֮޳ֽ֮޳һ顣
޳޴֡
ڸоôʵ
ȸոǿˣָֻֻǣദе޳˵
Ѿ㽫ĻˣǱΪóˮ´ξͲ˵ˡ˵
ллʦˡ޳м˵
⻹˻ոջ˵ô䰮ƭءƵ˵
ǲǣһʱ̫ż㿴ôôСۣ޳Ц˵
沢û˵ǱĿ
޳˫ۣʱ༧޳Ȼں޳
ʲôأ޳Ȼڡ
û£༧ԭ˫һ˲ĸ
Ȼû°ʲô޳ʵ
ңⲻǵ𣿡༧˵ſ޳֮һ¶糺졣
޳ٽƶ𴦣ε˵û¡
༧޳ʵǹϮ֮㲻֪ȥˡ
޳û˵΢΢˫ʱ޳ڲǧۻߵϢ޳ôҶ˿оϢ޳üļ΢΢һ˵ѵҵķˣûе
˵ʲô༧ʵ
ûʲôֻںǧۻʲôط޳˵
˰ɣϾոײ̫ˣûı༧˵ͷ
Ҫոյˣȥˡ޳˵ڿ顣
ʱ޳ȻеԼǰƮһ壬ٶȼ죬޳Ȼһѵǧۻ߲ûбԼˡ
ʱ޳еһ˿־壬˿ǧۻߣôǧۻߵҲ̫ǿˣ¾ԼҵҲǱɱ
Χж༧ҲоһеĶ̧̽˵
༧˵֮ʱȻ޳ı֣޳ּȻɫݺݵȥֻһ˲Ѿʹ޳һԭ徹Ȼǻ룬ʱǿ޳
롣޳΢΢˵˿ڡ
仰ȻѾӰ쵽ĿˣֻȻ۾
ǣǻܵϢȻȻȥ
ٵ˵
޳Ȼ׷ȥ༧޳׷ȥȻ޳ķ׷ȥ
ʱȻ෴ķζֻζ֮ʱǰһôǹڸԼһ㡣
ʱ壬ԵĲѯ֮һû뵽澹Ȼ֮塣
֮岻ûлܵ˺ΪǿҶԼԽԽǿңûмܹӳһбء
뵽Ȼתһֲĸов
ôߣʱ۶һ使ġ
еĶ̽˶˭
쾹ȻҲ˿˿µʱ򡣡ڳЦһ
ֻеĶ̽ĴȥֻƮҲ
ˣɱ㣬о㻹ܻ𣿡˵ǳЦһ
ǿɲ˵ж̽ҵתһ£۶Ĵȥ


1783 
Ƕ̽ĴʱȻǶ̽Ǵʲôһ㣬Ƕ̽ݺݵĴȻת̽
һɱ㣬㲻ŵԼ˰ɣִĴ
Ϊһֱң׵ʵоɻ
Ҹ㣿ҵĵطô˵Ҹ㣿ʵ
ĵطʵ
ԣҲҪ֪Ϊʲôҵĵط˵š
ԽԽ˼ˣ˵Щҳȥʵ
Ҳǣֻ顣
ЦҰ㣬ʲôô˵
ô㲻Ʈţвһ㡣
˵Ļ˵еĶ̽Ȼһ
Ƕ̽ȥĵطȻ׹һڰ׹֮󣬺Ȼ׶һƬɷףɷ׵ĹǳѩѩڰɫƮ䣬ƮͬʱһӰĳˣֻ˵ϰǳڸסˡ
ǳŰɫı飬Ǳ鷺ӨĹâ
˴ȻһѲǡ
Ǳˣأûлֵģϣ㲻Ҫô޴顣Ǳ˵ͻȻ˫ȻչǶ̽˹ȥڿת֮סǶ̽
ˣҲµĲ㲻Ӧڴ˵ذɣȵĻ治Ӱ𣿡ű˵
ӰҲ飬ô˵أҲǰԼ˵˵Ļ˿ûбء
ʲô飿ʵܹԼʱϱֳһĨӡ
˫һӽԣ뷴ȻһȻǱ˸˹ȥȻ𾪡
ڱС˵˵һ֮沿ֳһ˿Цݣá
˿ѾӦڲûһɫı˿ˣ΢΢
ڿˡ˵˵
Ҫ˵һǰأȤ˵
㲻ԡ˵ţ˫Ȼչ˫չʱһǰĵ棬ǵ˲䱻ӡסˣһǰǱ֮һɹɺӭüͷһ壬ǺȻԼ֮Լ塣
Ȼ䣬оһ˿⣬ֻٽеľǺ֮أ巽źһЩ
ǰһ˿־壬û뵽ûнԼѾˣԼĽ˱Ǳضᱻ档
㻹ȥ濴𣿡˵
û˵ҡⶴڴȥ
ıӰ΢΢ҡҡͷһʧ˶УǵϵıҲʧˡ
ʱ޳༧׷Ż룬ٶǳܼģֻ˲䣬ǻαѾ֪ȥˡ
ô޳˵
ô༧ʵ
ǻովǰǾȻһ˲ʧˡ޳˵
޳˵ʱ򣬺Ȼ޳һ¡޳ͷ΢΢һȥʱ޳ǳһһ㣬һĴ޳΢΢ܿȥֻʱԼ߾ʯǰҲһұڣ·һ
ã޳Ȼ˵ڡ
༧ʱҲ˹Ѿ
ʱµȥǣǽһ˾Ȼһ˻
޳ٴȥʱѾȫڵסˡ
ô죿༧޳˵
ԡ޳˵ϹʤȻײȥǣûеӵʱ޳ȻоһԼק𣬻ûе޳Ӧ޳ѾڰգΧȵҽ޳˹
ڤĽ༧ӶеĶ̽ȥǺڽȻڹ⣬Ǳһ㣬޳ʧ֮
û°ɣ༧޳ʵ
û£ֻǹ죬ҶҪСһ㡣޳˵
˵֮ʱȻһǿȷ紵˹޳Ȼ俴Ǽҽ쫷ڲȷǱʲôٿһ㣬ڿתº˹
ֻȻһŽɫ޳ϴ˳ȥǻѸǷȥֻǻ쫷Ӵһ˲䣬Ƿ羹Ȼıˣ޳ǰȻһŵĻѡš
գǵ
ǱתĽȻֱ˻ǷѾʧ༧Ŀ޳ܲ˼һ㣬޳ֻεЦЦ̫ͻȻԼҲû뵽һ㡣
СӣĵطʮֵΣա˵
Ҳ֪˵ʦ塣޳˵
ֻһ·˵
ʲô·޳ʵ
Ǿһ˱浭˵ڵȴ޳ľ
仰޳Ȼһ㲻ڿЦɣ
˼㿪Ц𣿡ε˵
ȻҾ;ˡ޳ݺݵ˵
ʲôڵȴ޳ľһ
Ǿǣ˭Ҳ޳ݺݵ˵
˵޳Ȼһ޳ƣ֮޳۾ȻɫԭںڵͷȻϽɫһɹǿҵķ罫ΧĻ
⣿澪ʵҲ֪ʱ޳Ҫʲô
Գ壡Ȼ޳ϳһǿĻ壬⻤ǽԳĻӰʱǽɫĽԳڱɫעš
Գ澪֮·һĨ
ֻո޳ǻӰѾǽȥһŨصѾǽײһ
أ
һֻ֮ǻδʧ޳ҵײһ£ǽԳ˫ۺݺݵĽǽ۶ϣһڽ۶֮˳ȥǰĻȻƿһ㣬ĵطȻһ·ֻһ˲䣬ҽֽ·ǡ
ڽ忪֮ǽԳСֻص޳ڣʱ޳Ŵ༧沿һЦ
༧ӭȥ֮оȻһɫʡ
СӣаȻܹײơ޳˵ţȴǶԽԳɻ
ʦ壬ʱ̰Ҽһڳȥľˡ޳˵
沢û˵üһ
޳оΧһ˿˿ԼΧ˹ȫǻ飬ʵͣ޳е棬ԭΪֻлǧۻߣû뵽ھȻͬʱô
Щıһǿڲ༧˵
޳΢΢ͷ۾ǰǰһŻҵȼǻʱҫ۵Ļζţһһ㣬ڻζʱһӰ޳ǰ


1784 һ
ʱ޳ǰͻȻһΣŻŰŤţ޳΢΢һȻ޳˫Ȼһƣ̽Զǻ澹ȻҲѧ޳ӡ
̫Цˡǻ֮еĵƺڳЦ޳һ㡣
ǣھɱһ
Ůȱɱһ˿Щεĺ洫˳
ʱ޳΢üͷ˫ܿȥʱ޳ЩοʱһĲٿأпܾǧۻߣǧۻҵȷС޳΢΢۳һɫڲ֮ȻΧĻɫɫ༧оһ˿˿Ĺ졣
༧Ȼ֪޳ɫڱĳţɫʧ޳΢΢һЦȻԼһЩεһ
ǣҲ޳˿ΪˣΪԼȥǣǻὫԼɵǣǾͻṥԼԼȴûа취κǡ
ֻʱ༧ȻӶ̽һӨڶ̽γɣ޳΢΢һǰֹȱù
޳˵Щ֮Ƕ̽ϵѾɵһɶˣ༧ʧĹӨ֮һĿܣֻЩһʲô༧ϸȥǾȻԼ֮̽ڵ
༧һ޳ʵѵʲô𣿸ոͷŶĿ֮ǲܱɵģ˵򵥵Ǳ޵ĶǾȻ޵Ķˣ
޳Σ޳Щκһıı֮޳ǾȻһˣǻȫһһͬһСһĴţڲƵʱȻһЩϵ
ǣ޳гһ˿ʡ
һ꣡˵
һꣿ޳ʵ
ԣһ׺רеڴ˵ؾ͸˵ǧۻѾѨǨˡ˵š
ʲô취ɱǣҸոշĻǻὫȫɵ޳ʵ
ɱǲףѾˣһֱƵֻ֪꣬׺֮ڵˣ궼ᱻǧۻ߿ƣҳΪǧۻߵķ²ȻǧۻضǺ׺һ˵
꣬˼˵ӵ̺ǰй޳𾪵˵
ԣǵĹǺǰͬģΪڵҵһ̣Լ͹Ѿǧۻˣǵ۵ģֻǧۻȡһߣӵʱǧۻʱܽЩߣȻǧۻҲܺǣǿϵġ˵
޳ݺݵĵ˵ͷ޳ѾʮֵѶԸԼܶ޳˼
Ǿ޳˼ʱӰȻ˹ӰٶȷǳĿ죬޳ӦʱӰѾԼˣһȭ޳Ϯ޳ȻһȭͷҲ˳۳ڳֵһ˲侹Ȼֱˡ
޳двãԼȫûа취ԸܵķӦУ޳˫ȭǻײ˹ȥײһʱ޳ȻоԼʲôûдһ㣬ǣ޳ǻ˿ȥֻԼĸ첲ǻ˵ǻ˺ûһ˺
û취ҵġǻӰ˵ڻӰ˵⻰ʱ򣬷ԼȻҲûд޳ûӰ΢΢һ
޳ʱҲһǳһ꾹Ȼû˺Լ޳˿ϲ
СӣҪԼˣֻܰ㵲һ¡Ƶ˵
ԭҵסˣһΪûа취ء޳Ļԭϲ֮ɫһʧˡ
ʱǳһ޳Ϯ޳ʱ΢΢һǳһĹ޳Ķ˹ȥ޳ȥ֮󣬳޳ǰĸ޳Ծˣû뵽һ꾹ȻȫԼϮ޳Ȼһ
༧ǳԾû뵽һ꾹Ȼͬʱ˹༧һ˿־帡ǻûе༧־һ޳Ȼ༧ק󺰵㻹Ÿܡ
༧޳Ļ֮󣬺Ȼӳ˹༧޳ĺǰȥ
ȥ༧ʵ
Ҳ֪ǱúȺһϾˣ޳ش
ǣ༧޳ѾûлˣΪЩһѾΧ˹Ѿ޳˰Χм䣬ʱһҲûõġ
޳ǵ취ѾΧˡ༧ͣ޳˵
޳ѾԼΧˣԼûʲô취ܹԸЩһĹ
ʦ壬ʲô취𣿡޳ʱ档
а취һ𣿡ε˵
ոôҵģ޳ʵ
ĳҾֻôһˣһֻһΣոõˡɣ޳Լûϵһ
һǳأ޳ʵ޳Ѿ֪˴𰸣ǾǲܵģϾǳǶʱġ
û˵˼ʲô˼ʱȺһѾ޳༧˰ΧмˣȺһ˫֣һ޳༧˺һ㡣
޳༧Ŀܵĳһ꣬˫ȭ̧ƺʱ׼һĹ
᲻ᱻգ޳΢΢˵
пܣ̫Ļпܻᱻաʱ飬㱻յĻô޳˲ɻҽҲΪһꡣ
޳ЩҲ΢΢һû뵽ôһ飬ǳһ껹һıƽ
ֻڳһĿ֮ʱȻһͣ
Ĵеĳһȫȥ޳༧ҲķԴȥǵ޳༧Щκǲһ˿־壬ӰȻĴʥ
Ĵʥ֮һ˲仯Ϊҽǣǧۻǵ֮˹֮ߣյоԣǧۻ߽ǵһ飬λʥһг˾ĸ֣ᱻǧۻһԼλʥֵ֮õ˵λ
ʱλʥȻЩҪϮ޳ĳһ꺰ͣ޳Ҳһ˿棬޳༧˿Ĵʥ
ǣ˵
༧༧Ĵʥ˵
༧֪ˣ༧˵


1785 в
ǡ༧һۣ˿䣬ϾԼĵλһ༧Ȼ֪ôЩɽӵкԼһĵλ
ǲͰһ¡Ƶ˵
飿㻹ھɱء༧ص
༧˵Щ䲻ûЦЦ˵㲻ͬҲУǻκĶҪҡ
в𣿡༧ʵ
вбҪв𣿡˵һ֮תȥתԺ˰֣Щһ꿴֮Ȼ޳༧˹ȥ
޳һϲλʥĳ޳һַַΣ̫ɹҲԽЩһȫɱʧôԼ༧Ҳȫ
ֻǳһһ˲䣬޳Ȼڲɫȫе֮ϵķϣ˲һϹ޳ܣֹߵĳ޳оǳһ㣬һǿѹ޳ϣ޳Ȼ༧˹༧ʱѾ޳ͼ
ֻ༧Լɫע뵽޳֮ϣʱǳһѾɫϡ
Ȼǳһһһ˺ҧֻ̫ǿЩһ͸
һʱ䣬ĳһвһ˿ŭһڷ㿪ʼ֣ǣڳֵͬʱ޳֮ûгκβ֮У޳༧ŵĿʼƽ
Сӣȥľġ΢΢˵
ôҵأ޳ֵʵ޳ΪȥûκµʱĻ޳һ˿档
һĻ沢һڿʼʱ㲻ʲôоǣʱ䳤˻ɢɢ㽫Զһ˵
ô죿޳ʵ
𼱣룬㲻ҪǿͻȻըķɱЩһ꣬硣ص
һʱ޳һ˿ãû뵽Լķ濴ôĲá
ֻĳһȻҵĹţǳһԽԽ࣬޳ˣǳһڸ֮ܵ󶼻忿һȫԼӿ޳˿ڣû뵽ԼķȻĲܵ
޳˫ü༧ʣôˣ
û£һǾͻ޳ǿЦ˵
༧޳ĻȻһʱ༧֪ô£⿴ͭǽڵԼôأ
˵ʱȻǳһŭû뵽༧ȻַԴԼȻһɫɫϮȥ޳༧ֻоȻĶһ£ڶ֮޳ԸоԼʧһֻ֣һǺСһ֣ǿĳһѾڿʼɵЩʧ޳һǣԼԼ˾·
ȻҵĹţȻԼһĹߣ߲ͬʱ޳ȻоԼһѣΣȻߵǿң޳оѣθҲԽԽǿңǣ޳иоһ˿ԤУȥԼͻΪŲôε
޳λ˼£г˿˿룬༧Ҳòȥֻ༧֮һη༧֮Ȿ֮Ҳһʧо岻ʵ༧˿޳Ȼ޳ھȻԼһ
޳Ҹоҵʧš༧޳˵
ҸоҵҲǣҵ뷨Ǵġ޳˵ͷϵĺˮһĵ
˰ɣʵ
ˣʲô취𣿡޳档
취ûҿȰһ¡˵ţһɫķüĳ֣ĳԺ޳ʱо֮һů޳оһС
ֻǷ޳˳ǷĳֺǳһȻоһ˿ȣóһٶȻ½ٶҲ½˼֡
Ĺĵҫ£Ҳıİ޳༧ϵѣθһʧˡ
ˣ˵һ
ʲôˣ޳ʵ
ת˵š
ʲôת޳ʵ
תǽ໥ȻʵûлָǶԸЩһѾ㹻ˡ˵沿¶һ˿˿Цݡ
㻹ʲôʦ壿ұ𣿡޳ʵ
ã׼ҿʼˡ˵
֮ڣת˵üļƳһߣ߸вͬɫС
һı任ţ任ʱ򣬲һĺ⣬Ǻһ޳ϳˣ޳ϳֱַ֮Ĵɢɢ֮߿ʼҽб䶯ȻǻԺˮԵĹȻһһ֮߾Ȼ»ص޳ڡ
޳Ĺ˿ɻ޳Ļаٷְٵİտ϶տʼͻԼԼͶ·Ҳֻҽˡ
༧޳ֵıиǲ⣬Ǵ޳ϳֵģ޳ı龹Ȼʲô֪ӣ༧֮˵Ļ༧оԼûɣȻԼݱ¶ˣǾͲ罫ƾͼˡ
ʱʣµ߿ʼ໥ϣڽ֮ǹ߾Ȼһʧˣ޳Ȼһѵļƻʧˣбģ
ιʦ壬ô£޳湵ͨš
Ǵʱû޳ֻĹâʼһıǿڹ߱ǿ֮ǰֵĻԺˮ߿ʼһڻ˳ʱ޳ֹתţϵһ˲޳һӨ֮¶˾ʱ޳Ȼϲ
ʱȻ˻ջͬʱ޳оһֲӦĸоʲôߵһ㣬һֱ֮Ȼֱ֮˻ȣָо޳Ѿǵһθо޳ҲΪ棬ֻ޳ֵԼк񱻴۸һ㣬޳΢΢档
ȲҪţҽ֮еĻԺˮԵߵˣܻʱоӦ޳˵
ʱ޳ΪʲôԼо岻Ӧֻ޳˵ͷ
׼еߵܵ»ԹģѾв˳ˮǳˮֵֻܹһˮľôԻ̹ģҪת˵Ҳûƽʱ֮⡣


1786 
ֻʱȻüļĽ˳֮һھĿţڿż䣬һӨ֮֮޳оһ֮Լ壬޳һѷ֮УȻо֮޳ԼУڲͣתš
ֱŲһɫ⣬һΪɫһΪɫζһ㣬޳ϳһ˿˿֮⣬߾ȻֹߵĽϣһֹ֮ǻ֮б˳ȥ
ǳһ꿴֮۾һֻЩһ꿴߲û˺ԼʱֿʼֻǴʱǳһٶԱȸո˺ܶࡣ
֮ǽ֮ϳӣķ˹âӷֲͬĹâֲͬĹâнɫͰɫâı䶯λá
ڱ䶯λ֮һھھԭĽ˰գ֮޳ӲڽӲͬʱǽ֮һĨ޳˽֮ϣ޳оƱקһ㣬޳۾Լ֪ΪѾ˽֮ϣԼΪ˽ɫ
ʱ俴޳ͻȻоһ˿û뵽Ȼ뵽ת֮ݻһꡣ
ЩһĻȻ־һϾֻһЩ꣬ǵС
ԺһһȻתҪɺˮǺˮǵĿǣǲ𣿡
еĳһ仰ʱԭۼ޳ԱߵһȻ㿪Ĵȥ
һǣȺԭܵĳһȻֹͣ塣
֪һǾͻʱ궼ˡһһ˵
ǵ˵֮Ȼһ˿ŭŭıҫۡ
ɻ档ǳһ־˵š
ǳһ˵֮ҫ۵Ĺâǳһ꿴ŻԼͫıһҽ֮ǳһѾһẓ́Ƽ֮Ϊޡ
˭˵³ͻһŭ˵ţֻԱߵȸĿͣûκα顣
˵֮޳ȥֻʱ޳ѾΪһ壬ԶԶĿȥ޳ƮԭڽϢ
༧ǰһУһ˿˿ĸоӿͷ
ֻǵ༧֮ʱֻϮһѾײǷ㡣
޳ͽ΢΢ҡһ֮
׻ȸ䣬λȻ
亰֮ĸһ߷λʥҵţһ֮˾Ȼȫ壬һ˲˲١
תתɣ˵Ѿһ߲ʹ
߲ʹǱһǿϢֱ˵Ϣһ壬˿ĸϵ
߲ʹγ֮֮¶΢΢һЦȻ޳ȥ
˲һƬâ༧۾ʱ༧ȫߣΪڹâѾڵס˵ߣҳһѾû帽ˣؼ༧ھ壬ڻв÷˿ûйϵ
ǿƽ߲ʹ༧Ȼ֮ȻһɫĹâĴɨȥȻɢ֮ǹâغһ𣬺ǹײȥ
߲ʹʵޱǿ󣬵ɫ߲ʹӴһ˲䣬ɫ򱻺ݺݵ˻༧ٴηֻǹֳ֮һԭĹ˹ȥ
Щֱ߲ʹһ˻༧ȻҧһεκˮӶͷϽ˳
߲ʹȴڻǰƶţ޳üͷ΢΢һ壬һǿ޳оΣյʱ̡
޳Ѿо༧Ŭĵֻֿ༧̫Сˣǿ߲ѾҪƽԼ
ǣʱȻʲôֻ޳˿Уһ˲ǽЩҡ
˲Ҫ񣬼оо޳ı仯˵ֻʮֱ䡣
޳ȵĻһ֮ȥ顣
ֻ֮Ȼڽű仯еı仯Ƿǳϳɹһ飬вܵгͻԼ˺ԴʱרĵĽţ޳ʱַֿܵģĻ˲䱻˺ѣҲл˲
߲ʹȻڿţֻ༧ѾԽԽ̣ڶ̵ͬʱ༧񻹲һ㣬߲ʹǿ˷㡣
Ƿ΢΢һ޳Ҳһ
ԽԽš
߲ʹײҲѧң޳ֳһ˿Ǵʱؼʱ޳֪ʱܷģ޳ǿһ˿ĵļƽԼ顣
޳Ҽֲˣ༧Ȼ˵༧˵֮༧еȻʧˣʧ֮༧ȻȥΪ֧༧ʱѾڻˣʱ޳ѾԸо༧Ѿʧˣ޳һ
ʱ޳ȻǱһ㣬Ȼ̬ȻӡֻһͰ׹Ȼı䶯˷һתĹ߿ʼ޳޳дʱʶʱǽɫߺͰɫȻĴɢȥ
ɢȥͬʱǻ澹Ȼһ͸һֱ˵ĺ޳ȴоһ˿䡣
Ż汻⣬߲ʹҲֹͣ˰գһŻеĳһѾ޷һ񱻱ӡһ㡣
ûֹͣʱĶһߴüļ䷢ˣ޳һĸ޳ʶ֮Ȼջڡ
ʱ޳ŷԼǰĻѾ˱飬ǳһȻѾֻԶ˵ĹûȫָԶȻǳ棬ֻԶĳ񲻸ҽӽ֣ñŵȻһԶĻȥ
޳ܵȥ׷ȴǽ޳סȱȥ׷Щĳһȫ飡
޳⻰֮˿ܣȻ޳ɫˣֻ޳ȻһӣǱײȥ
ɫںͱײһ˲䣬ǱȫȥǳһҲűˡ
޳Ȼڵϵ༧ʱ༧һıȥ༧ɥڴˡ
ʦ塣༧ھ֮壬ת᲻Ӱ쵽޳˵
Ȼ뵽ԼȻ༧Ǿ֮壬תȻҲ˺༧
ʱ޳ǽ༧𣬿ǵ޳ոոʱ


1787 û֮
޳༧ʱȻ޳һΪʱֳ֮޳һȻѾµվ
ʦ壬˵ڸô죿ȥ༧͡޳ʵ
а취ģҪż˵
ʲô취޳˵֮иֳһ˿༧ĿϾ༧ΪԼģ༧лߵģԼؼʱ̾Ȼûߣ޳༧˿˿ĺøС
Сӣôˣ濴޳˵
еˡ޳˵۾ĴǲԸһ
Ǿ֮壬һˮԸ˺ֻһ˿˺˿ص˵
ôˣ޳æʵ
Ҳûʲô󰭡Ƶ˵
ʦ壬ǡ޳ڨڨЦЦ˵
СӣҪôھ;˵ţֻüļһ⣬Ǻ޳巢˳
ڽӴ༧һ˲䣬༧֮ϳһˮǱڻţ޳ϸۿʱǺ𽥽༧ڣǺ֮༧忪ʼĻָ˵
ǣȻüͷһ壬֮չԳһĨصЦ֮󣬽Ǻ༧һܺ㽫Ǻɫ˳
ָӶǺɫѾֻصԼüļ䡣
ˣ޳ʵ
ˣѾûʲôˡ濴޳˵
ʦ壬ܸܲԼûһ壬ֻһͷҸоŤ޳Ц˵
Ҳ㣬㵹ʼˣʵ
ٺ٣ĸʦ壿޳Ц˵ֻЦ˿е㷢ë
úãģһûһ˰ɣǱʦ¡Ͱ˵
ֱͷȻһƣͷ߼һϸƣϸȫľһ˳ͷȥ޳ʶû壬ֻһƿʼϣǺƵ߼üͷ΢΢һ塣
޳Ŀı鲻ʵʦ壿ûѣδҲ̫ʹ˰ɡ
СӲû֣һǿȥиˣûãźÿУǣҪ壬ͷȫϣ֮ڹؼʱ򻹿ԱŷԼʵ廹õ塣˵
޳εҡҡͷ
޳˵϶ƭģʵ޳ûǱȽ˽ģ˽޳оԼûԼͿԸԼһֻʵѡ
ڴʱϵĺȻڿٵţһ۵ľûʲô𣬺Ǻͷƶȥһͷ֮޳һʼһΪ汻ˣǣ޳ϸۿ֮޳ףԭͷĽһ
ֽϺϹ⣬ϹȻ֮ˣֻ͸һ˿˿Өɫɫ濴ȥΪأڹӨ֮ɫ͸¶ͬʱ֮һ㴩еһ㣬֮޳֮Ȼһ˶Ľ㣬޳еһ˿
ճ˵û屾Ͳγֻ࣬һżֻ࣬װεģϵĲǼ࣬޳ĴһԭѵĻûܹ࣬޳˼Ŀ档
ôˣо޳ڴԼ
ǻû޳ʵ
ǰСӣΪ˲Ťһûһ壬۹⿴ҡ˵ʱ޳һȴ˿ˣϾոԼȻԽԼļޣȻ֮á
֮һ飬ϾԼ屻ݻܹ֮һ壬ȻܸˣǸǰ廹Ҫô˸ˣ֮úãϾû˹⽫ԼݻȻһ屻ݻٵʹû̫ܹܵ˵ģﻹһ˿˵ģϾԼѾ־磬ֻϾԼδﵽزġ
ԼҲֻ֪һ˿˿ĺ棬Ǵʱ޳ڲȻһЦֻЦûܹûܹ֡
ûҲ̫˰ɣ޳˵
沢û˵ǿ޳һۺ˵ڻǾҵʱ򡣡
޳ջ˼Χʱ޳ת֮󣬸оԼǿҵײţͨͻڵ֮һֳͻͻ̫޳ֻǲһ˿˿΢Сĸо޳ܾתӰ졣
ʱΧ޳ԾǣΧԭھȻһ˿ˮҪڻΪˮڻ֮һγ뵵
޳ֵĿǰһУ仯Ȼ̫棬޳о˿˿޳֪Ļġ
޳û°ɡ༧Ȼ˵޳༧Ȼתȥ༧ʱ޳ȻĸˣϾ༧ѾˣԼĵҲرĴˣ޳΢΢ЦЦ
ȱ𶯣ٻָһ¡޳æ༧ȥ
û£Щһأ༧Եı˵ֻǿһ˲༧Ȼվ֮һ˿־塣
£˺ġ޳༧˵
޳˵仰ʱ༧оԼһ㣬Լ֮һ˶ֻԼûʲô˺Լָоã༧Ҳֻ̽һ塣
༧΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ʱ޳༧ΧһУ޳ȻܹоϢϢǳŨأǹ׻ȸϢ޳һҲо޳ڻ֪ΪʲôתҪջˣϾȥֻ˷Լ
ʦ壬ת˰ɡ޳ʵ
û˵ԼΪԼһ㡣
ã޳ε£ڻָ˵תУջɡ
ң޳ֵʵ
ȻˡЦ˵
ֻѧһ飡޳Ծ˵Լ̫һеǲģ޳֪ģҪ澹ȻԼУһԼôԼ˲䡣
ھҲˣҲˣֻԼҳԶѣΪҪԼת»ָ˵


1788 
ʲôʲô߼޳ε˵ǿ˵ˣ޳Ҳоһ˿
̣޳ԭվѾϥ޳ϥ֮һ޳˳޳ü΢䣬һɵƶ޳һᣬǽг޳֮ϣ֮Ȼһʤ
޳µϢ΢΢ۣǽɫһ޳ۣ֮޳оﴦһ˿֮⣬˲ֱ֮ȴһ˿ȣ֮У޳еȸС
һϢ֮翪ʼ޳ǰڷڶ£ָӡᣬӡֵһ˲䣬޳ʱ޳Ѿһţ֮һĽɫֿʼڻƣÿһܣǽĹܻʤ޳֮оԼҲڼţһĹӨ֮޳޳΢΢һ
ѵĹܣ޳ɻ˵
ǣûе޳˵꣬ѾСӣ˵ʲôأҪ񡣡
޳Ļ˼֮촽΢΢˶ʱ޳·ĳˣһնǾӣת޳⼫תӣиоһ˿˿죬ɫѾֲ̫ôԴµ
ѵǿԵϢ޳˵
֮и˾λֻǵԣܽԭλ޳˵š
޳üĿ飬ľһ㣬һɫ޳·ɢ˳ֻɫֻһ˿˿ĺۼ
΢΢޳̬Ȼʱ޳һһ˫΢΢Ӷ䣬һֹ֮޳ּ䷭޳оһ˿֮֮һϸϸ֮Ĺᴩּ䡣
Ȼ֮޳оƻ𣬼еĺ䣬޳һͯһ㼱꿪ּ޳оһ˿ŭʱһ֮ᴩ޳ּ䡣
ԶԶȥ޳һ죬һףָоһƱһƻָо޳о˲޷ӦԼûκεİ취
ʱｩֱţָо޳ϳһ˿ͻ
ȣɫ֮䣬һĞˣǞĳ˵ʱǺ˫Էأ޳üͷȻһ壬ôԼͻΣգϾԼڵĳֲҷͻǺѿƵġ
ģо޳һ˿Ȼǵ
ʱԼҲһѺ޳ȻʵͣǶ֮˽٣ܹɹҲ޳Ҳ٣ʧܣ޳ȻǼпܳΪһˣ֮ǰɹΪҽȻĻ
޳Լڵ޳ķ֣ڻԺˮԱԼ֮кԣ޳һϲڷаڡ
ˣκһԴƽ⣬ƽҲȻʧ޳֮ȻľԪ֮䡣
һ߿ʼ޳ڣ޳ȻҪδԴʱǼԪڱ޳ǻԺˮԵ룬Ԫڽ޳֮󣬺Ȼһ޳оԼѾ޷ԪˣԪԼĴ߿
ǣһ˲֮ǻԺˮԱ㷢ԵĽ룬ڷ֮ԾȻһ˿ͣ޳˿⣬ѵҲԡ
͵޳֮ʱǻԺˮԾȻʼԼΧԣ޳ȻһԾȻʼԡ
Ȼ䣬Խľȫȥڽľȥ֮Ȼ˼֣һʧ޳洫˳ʱ޳֮һѬһ㣬һ˿޳沿¶˳޳оԼѾܲŭĹʱԼôԼпܱһա
޳ˮԽԵĵط漱е˵ţʱ޳Ȼʧȥ֪ô˭Ҳ޳ôҡ
༧޳ǣ༧һ⣬ǽԼ޳
üһ壬двã༧屾ǾԪأٽԪע뵽޳ô޳ĻԪؽӲⱣʱ΢һɫ彫޳༧ԭַֿ̧ȥĪĿŴʱ޳һ˿⸡༧ϡ
ʱ޳ڽˮȻţֻһɫʼǺڰĞϳڳ֮޳ĻԾȻԼһγ˼̵Ļϣγ֮޳оһ˿˿ʹǻѾ޳еѪҺһ𣬶һԺȫֹˮԪصϮ
޳΢΢һ֮󣬸оһ˿ĲɫʼˮԪƿˮ˲٣ԭƺһƽʱȴƾ̵ĺˮһ㡣
ˮˮҵĽŻԪأɫȻˮţûһܣˮԾͻӴֱһ֡
ʲôȻǵ
ʱ濴ȥ޳ǰɫˮҵǻȥ濴޳ҡҡͷ
޳ȥضƽ⣬Ȼֹ˻ԣ㿼ǵˮҲܽٻˮܸۣٴ˵
޳ûһ㣬ɫľȻڴ߶ˮԵĽǣʱҲûа취Ͼڲ֪޳ҪʲôԼԵ޹ʵȥ޳пܴ޳ļƻǸʱԼҲ޷ƣ޳ֻһζԪضûκεļƻô޳ܵ˺רĵĲ޳壬޳һ˿ıôһʱ޳ڵҲֻǿ޳
ǻԪظܵˮԪȻҵĽ֮ȻԪرĹâʤһһѾˮԪأˮԪһδεĽԪһ赲
Ԫ޳治ϵĽţ޳ü֮ż˵޳ȻڿһУһѾ޳ϵĲӦ
ǻҵľԪ֮󣬱ĸǿңѾԺˮԪؿ⣬ڻԶľԪԽԽٵʱ޳ȻٿľԪ˳ľԪصһ㱻룬Բûз仯ҵĻػˮԪء
ˮԪغͻԪһҵĽ֮ȻĽӴһ޳ɢ


1789 ֮
ʱѾ޳뷨Ȼɢ޳ڵ˻޳ܵ˺
ԪغˮԪҵĽԺȻķľԪغѾ޳˳ȥȻԪغˮԪطԼѾûпɽΪһδεĽԼѾ֮٣ûԺˮԱԭǿҵΪʱѾûС
ʱ޳üһ˿صЦݡ
ͻȻ޳֮ڳһɫγ֮ѸȫϮϮһ˲䣬ǻԺˮԸоһ˿Ѿˡ
ֻɫڽӴߵʱȻǿ˼֣ǿԭѾĴԪ˿ûл֮
ֻǻԪغˮԪرһİڱɫ֮ԪıԽԽСȻ˵״ʱԪؿˮԪغͻԪرС֮ҪԪأ޳ѾԪҲ
ȻԪ޳ż䣬޳ֲ֮ͬɫС㡣
ֻ޳üһ壬ɫС㿪ʼתûתһܶһǿ֮֮ʼ޳ײ޳Ѿ׼֮ײ֮޳ɫ䱣
濴Ŵʱ޳һ˿ϲ÷СӹȻ֮Ԫ໥˺֮֮߰
ʱ޳һɹĴ߶£üֻһ״Ļռǣռɫ֮⣬ɫ֮֮޳յֻ֮ﴦ΢΢һ޳ѾͽԼĵ
֮΢΢Ĺâ޳оһ˿ϲãƬ֮޳Ҫйλˡ
ֻ޳һֹͣеתģпʼֹֹ֮ͣͣ޳ȥ޳ϥµĽĿʼת޳֮λѾ򿪣޳бƳԼ֮⣬бƳһ˲޳沿ȻĲһ£Żһֲ֮д˳
֮ڳ޳ڵһ˲䣬ǿǿ޳ļ˺һ㡣
޳ţֻ˲䣬˲֮޳ĻָʱѾӡϿգӡϿռתš
ֻ޳Ȼ۳һϹ⣬Ϲ޳ָƮԺȻתĽȥ
йλ޳ͺһϹȻǿʱ޳һǿҵ޳ںڵͷڿУҲƮš
ֻԭתеĽתе㣬һ˲ֹͣתһɫ֮㿪ʼ·ƮȥƮȥһ˲䣬ǽзһâԼӦĿնƮȥ
һĨĹâ֮Ѿ˽档
ʱȻּٱ䶯һŽᾧ޳γɡ
ᾧγɵ˲䣬ԭɱĻڻˣһһֻǴʱ޳汣޳ûܵ˺
ǽʼСڱСʱǽ꿪ʼһĽİڰ֮ȻȥָװСڿһ֮޳Ĵȥ
ʱǽƿеܵ˽¹壬ֻȻ˫ۣǽһüļ䣬ǽһǽʧ
΢΢˫ۣڵԼϢһ㣬óһ˵Ȼ˰
ʱ޳һжѾˣ㻺Ľ
˫ۣһߡ
Ϣ֮޳վ
ʱ༧޳վȻһ˿˿糺졣
̫ˡ༧޳˵һ˿ݵĿ⡣
޳һʱû༧˵˼ڨڨЦʵ
û£˾С˵༧ͷ
޳΢΢һɵ˵װҲ̫˰ɣ޳ֲûŮߵı顣
Ϊ༧ͷ˵
޳仰вһû뵽༧ǺߣٿϵĶ޳һΣ뵽Һøոû˷е뷨ҪȻ̫ˡ
ʱ治зȿȡ
޳ȻһȻˣȻ޳˵͵û֣
һˬʵЦ
༧޳˵㣬̫ˡ
޳ŷӦֻ޳Ͽȥ޳һ˲䣬޳вһ˿õԤС
ǵһĿն˹ƶһĻѬɡ
޳üͷ˼ı޳࣬˲֮޳Լ
ֻϾȻĺۼʲô
Ҳ֪޳˵
Ǹո֮ƶɵģСӣˣ浭˵
޳仰Ȼãһ紵һ㺩ЦЦ˵ðɡ
ʱѾЦĲˣ༧޳ֵı˿֣ʵôˣ
û£󡣡޳ڨЦ˵
༧˿޳û˵۾ǰ
Цˣûе㳤ӡ޳˵
ˣˣСӾȻʱɱôɰ˵
ʲôطǻ뽫Ǵ·ˡ޳Ƶ˵ڳЦһ
ǱͲ֪·ҵĻ롣Сһ޳˵
ЦˣڸоΧκεϢǧۻߵϢһо޳˵
沢û˵ֻ΢΢ۣƺѰǧۻߵϢһһյʱȥ֮ԭȴ޳ʵڵȲȥ˱ʵôˣҵϢ𣿡
΢΢˫ֵĿ޳ʵѰʲôϢ
Ȼǧۻߵģ㲻Ѱ𣿡޳ֵʵ
ǱĿأôһûϢһΣһô濴޳ص
޳仰ȫû뵽澹ȻڱĿ
ʦ壬ܱܲˣǱĿʱ𣿡޳˵˿Ρ
Լң˶ԼƵ˵һҡʧˡ
޳˵ʲôֻǴʱҲҲΣ޳΢΢̾һû뵽ʱ澹ȻҲҲˣÿԼˡ
ʱ޳ĴȥֻûκεϢ޳΢΢һüͷѵԼľͲ޳ѰҵʱȴҲǧۻߡ
ʱ޳кȻһ£ȻַС޳Ѿ˳
޳沿΢΢һЦ˵֮ԡ
޳˵ֻ֮޳ϳ˵Ļ棬š


1790 ֮
޳ϵĻҵţֻ޳ϻͬʱһӨ֮޳ϲ
֮ԣ޳
ֻ޳˵Щֻ֮Щ޳ϿʼһƮȥƮȥʱ޳һĨ⣬޳һ־ϲ
û뵽֮Ч޳˵š
ʲôЧ༧ֵʵ
֮ĻȥѰǧۻߣⲻᱻ֣һʡǵʱ䡣˵޳˫һӣǻĴƮȥֻǻƮ֮ʧڻ棬еĻһ޳Ĳ£ǻϢлϢûʲô޳ĿЩһԶȥ
ڽƿ֮У濴޳ĶЦЦȻ΢΢۾һĨЦݸϡ
ȥģ༧ʵ
ȡ޳˵
˵ţ޳ϥ༧޳ϥҲ޳ȥ޳̫е༧иֳһ壬Ͼʱͨ꣬Ѿˡ
޳΢΢Ϣ֮΢΢˫޳˫֮ϸֳһ㰲Ȼ֮޳ȥӿޱȡ
༧ճյĿŴʱ޳ͷȻһĸоǵ֮в֮Ȼ༧һһɱ両˳ֱ˿˿ԥԼڿĳЩЩһ˾ͻ糱ˮһ㣬ôأķߡ
ã޳΢΢ʱ޳Ѿָһ㣬޳Ϸһ˿˿ĹŹ⣬ֹŹ⽫޳еĸʥޱȡ
Ȼͷ޳ȻԾʱ༧Լһֳճյı༧֮ϱ˳
ʶ༧ôʱ޳һο༧ı飬ʹǰ༧װ޹Ůӵʱ༧һĨȥı䡣
ڸණ޳΢΢֮Լ沿Լණ༧Żš
༧ԭڿ޳񣬺Ȼ޳ԼʻȻһƬ糺죬еε˵û£û¡
˵⻰ʱ༧оԼ˿̣ǱȻҡ
޳˿༧û˵ʲô
ƬԺ޳ȻվǱ˿ϲã༧˵Ӵһ壬ǿֻǲȷʲô
ĸ򣿡༧ɫֻصʵʱ༧̽˵
ֻ޳ָ΢΢һǻĴŷѾ޳Ժ
޳༧˵˵޳ѾǷȥˡ
༧ĸں棬ȻٶȱȽϿ죬ǻޱȵĽʱ˿ȥû˿ķǣһͻܹǰأҽԹ
֮޳༧ѾǸ򣬵ǵʱ޳ȻԾطȻľֻľǱѬķǳ죬޳ұ֤ľǻġ
ʱ޳༧Ѿҽڴҽ֮ҶĿռˣܳ˶ǺɫĻϢ֮⣬ѾûҽԴ˿޳ϵķѾȥˡ
ֻǣ޳ȥ֮󣬼ҫһֺɫĹâһȴоȸУֻȸв̫ǿҡ
ѵ༧˵Ҳǿҽ֮µĿռ䣬༧Ҳе֡
ӦҸоǿĴ޳˵ſܣܲûκε塣
ʱ༧΢΢֮һӡӡ˵ģǱ˴Ϻֽܶ࣬ӡ㣬޳о˿϶ɡ
޳еһ棬֮ѵֻǧۻ棬ѵˣ
ɽҶ𣿡޳༧˵ֻǣ޳ͷ˵ʱȴ༧µΣԼԼ御޳۵ףʱ޳ò༧ĵ
༧޳̧ͷ޳ֻ༧˵ʱ۾ú޳Ӵʱ޳༧һ˲˵ʲôȻվӣ˿εеĶ̽޳˼㣡
༧˵ֿ˿ܡ
޳༧ĻȻһ㶣ΪԼ˵ʲôǿ༧죬޳Ѿ˵ʲô
⡭޳ڨЦ˵
²Ϊ༧ݺݵ˵ǽߵıݺݵı龹Ȼ༧һζ
޳촽ʲôû˵
ȻɽУҴû˵ңֻ֪˽ǻߺҲǵһνǣһż˵һ䡣༧΢΢¶̽˵ոյĽ֮ɫѾ֮ɫ
˵ʲô޳ʵ
Ҳֻǲ˵¶ģɽлб༧޳˵
б˵۶޳༧˵
ҲȷϾҲûм༧ԥ˵
޳˿ܣ޳о༧˵ĺмֵǣ޳һƺڲǻ档
޳ǻھȻ޷޳üͷ΢΢һ壬ھȻʧˣѵΪԼ̫ԶԼǻˣ
޳ϸ룬Ȼ޳üͷһѵ汻ˣ˽ˣôҪȷֻ棬ܹ˱ضǲٿػԪطǳˣ޳΢΢һ
ôԼڿѾ¶ڶԷˣһѡһǶŻɱԼǶΪԼǿԼɱ޳ܣܲûܹô˲ĵطô޳ų˵һ
޳о˶Ŀʲôأ
ѵ֮лкǧۻ߲ͬ˵ǹڱǧۻ׷ɱ޳С˵˼һ㡣
Ӧӡƺ˿ңƺ༧Žӡ˵
޳Ǵҵýӡ˵
༧޳˳ǴҵĽӡ˹ȥֻӡǰһξͻȻʧˣ޳༧һۺ˳ãˣôĽӡȻʧˣ޳˿Ĵǻ֮ҲûʹӡҲӦܿ
ǲǣ˱һɱˣ༧޳˵
༧˵仰ʱ޳Ȼһо༧˵Щ
ǣɱ޴࣬ʲôأ
޳۹һȻӡķȥ༧Ҳƺ޳˼༧޳Ƿȥ
޳һ·ȻӡȻڷҲʧˣ޳׵ãѵӡƾղģֻǹ˽ӡ
༧Ĵɽû޳༧˵
༧ҡҡͷһֲԤ༧в


1791 
༧޳ĻҡҡͷһֲԤ༧ͷԤڶԾĸо
Ȼ䣬ڽӡǰǻҵҡţҡεʱȻһӰֻӰ޳༧ǰ֮Ȼʧ޳һӰȻԼǰʧ
޳о˼飬Ȼ༧ʱ޳༧Ȼȫһʹĥ
޳ʱо²޳ָӶһŻˣ֮ɫţ޳΢΢һǻ༧壬ڽ༧֮ǻȻĳ༧塣
֮Ȼ䣬༧۾Լոմ󲡳һ㣬༧޳һ˿־˵ǡ
˭޳༧ı˵
ǡ༧Ȼ˵Ļ޳һ˲֮޳ʾһ˿ãΪ޳֪˭
˭޳༧˵
˵о֮ߣֻһλǵָĸˣԾие͡༧޳˵
ôոôˣ޳༧˵
ˣҲǾ֮ߵͣǶһֿǶԾ֮塣༧˵޳ոճȶм
޳û˵ǿǾʧķ
֮޳༧ʵ⾫ûоˣ
ҾǾˣǾûиӹġ༧˵š
޳ʱҲף༧ˣǾ֮壬⾫Ȼܹ༧
û£뿪ɣ⾫ûκιϵ޳˵
༧沿΢΢һº󣬱޳ıӰȥǻδ޳߼һӰ༧޳ĺ֣Ȼĳ޳Ȼио޳Ȼװûоӣ༧̧ͷ˿޳޳û˵ʾ༧ǰߡ
ǣʱ޳оһŻһ㣬ڻ֮޳һĨŭ⣬޳Ȼû˵ǰš
ǣ͵޳ǰŵʱǻȻ޳༧޳˫ü΢΢һ壬޳ѾоǻǾ֮巢
û뵽Լˣ޳Ƶ˵
޳˵֮Ȼһɫ޳Ȼת˹ǻѾ޳ǰֻ޳˫Ȼһӣǻ˲ɢȥڻɢԺ޳ԭվӰȻʧڿмӰ֮ȭͷѾϮߵϣȥɣ
޳ŭһ֮ϹȻըѡ
䣡
һ֮ԭһ磬Ƿųķĩĩʧ֮޳˵γ༧
ֻ޳ȭͷ˵˫ϣ˫ʮֽĵס޳Ĺֻ˿޳Ĺʹܵ˼˺ڲ֮ĻָһЩ
ݵĽִ֮޳ȻٴγȭɫĹâڿлӶŴ˵ϣȴֱĴĵֵţֵһҵĹ֮ȻڿһһӰ޳ӰԼǰʧȻһ޳һ֮ȻоѾԼ޳ȻתǼȭ֮ڵȥ
༧ŵȥ˸æ˹ȥܹȥһ˲䣬༧һ˹ȻǾ
ֻ޳Ծһյ֮Ȼ༧ס֡
޳༧֮Ȼͣ˶ӯ˵ԣ΢΢˿ȥֻϾǵ̣ǵһʼеģոܹһ㣬޳Ĺȫȭͷ⵶޳˿ֿ֣ˣ˾ȻһϢ
˾Ǿ༧޳˵
Ǹʲôϵ޳ʵ
֪ǧۻߵĲ֮༧΢ת˵ţǣ༧ҵǣǿɣ޳༧ֻһƭԼ
޳΢΢ЦЦ˵ֱ˵ûҪƭҡ
༧ε˵ҡ
ȻҲͲʣֻѾһϢˣҪһ㣬Уϵĵ̲ҵΪҹ֮ǰѾˡ޳༧˵ֻ˿ĸо
ʵ޳һʼʱѾˣ˾ȻԵ޹ʵϮԼ༧
ǿ༧Ȼˣ޳
֪ҲھֻǾǾĿʲôʱҪάԼϡ༧˵ػԼһ㡣
޳û˵ֻǿ⾫޳ɫ΢΢ϳ֣ڳֵһ˲༧һ⣬ֻǻû༧˵ֻ޳Ѿ⾫ϣȻ
Ҫɱ༧ʵı䣬ܲ޳
޳Ƭ֮Ǿƿֻ޳ովʱ༧Ȼ̽޳ĲӼ䣬Ķ̽޳ӴԵޱȷ
Ҫɱң޳Ц˵
ֻ֪Ϊʲôûлֵ㻹Ҫɱ༧ʵ
˵ʱǾ΢΢һ£˫ۣǰ༧޳ˡ
ͣûɱҡ˵Ǿ΢΢վȻȻ˿Ըո˵ѾȫǺöˡ
༧ֵĿžǣһɻ⾫ոһϢھȻվ༧˿֣֮һ˲ôһָģ˻Ԫء
뵽༧Ȼ޳㡭
ֻ༧û˵꣬޳༧еĶ֮̽޳˿ǰ˲û˵
лҳɱǣǻܾҡǾ˵ţֻԽԽͣҪǸһ
лңлˡ޳˵ָָԵ༧
༧޳Ķ΢΢ͷ˿˼˵޳ҡԲˣˡ
޳ûп༧ֻ΢΢תֻתһ˲༧Ȼ޳һʱûӦֻо֮һĨĸоѸϮȫ޳
ˣ͵ҵǸˡ༧Ȼ޳ɿ˵
ֻ޳ʱûзӦ༧Ļ޳㶵˵û£Ӧõġ
һԵľŴʱһ˿ã
ô༧žʵ
ȻҵǸģҾʵʵ˵ˣΪ˾ʯ༧˵
ʯǾʯ༧ӣ༧޳ȷ༧Ĳ֪
ΪʲôϮǣ޳ãб˵
ΪǧۻߵĲ¡˵۾ܣﲻʱͻΣһ
Ҳ֪ǧۻߣ޳ֵʵ
Ҳ֪ǧۻߣһҶ֪޳˵
޳üͷ΢΢һ˵Ŷ


1792 
ԭֻоʯǲ֪ǧۻ߽֮У֮Ѹ齨Լ˵
齨Լ޳˵
Եģ֪Ū˺ܶһˣЩ̫ˣȻߣǿ˵ţҶǳһ˿־塣
޳˻˵бǳһѾˡ
仰ʱͷȻһԾĿ޳ʵǳһκɱǣ
ɵĻҲû취ֻ֪Ǿʯʲôط޳˿˵
Ǿʯȫ쾧ʯλǧۻߵϳǧۻߵϳ⸽ǾĵصҾͲ֪ˣҾѰĶѨǲ䱻һĶˣҷӳġ˵лһ˿־塣
Ķ޳˵һ˲뿪Ĵʥе䡣
֪ʵôӳģ༧ʵ
俴ȥмһֻǸҽУȻˣѾˣҲû׷Ҿˡ༧˵
޳濴˭ǾǾ༧㱨ʲôһ޳һЦǻû޳ЦǾ޳޳֮ýЦ
쾧ʯڸлҵ𣿡޳ʵ
˵ǰ쾧ʯܺòģھȻԽԽѰˣҲ֪ΪʲôҸо⾧ʯһ½ʲôһ˵
޳΢΢ü⾧ʯȻǱǧۻˣǧۻеôǧۻ߽ǿԼȻĻԽСԼܳûõʯǸá
޳΢΢һЦ˵ô첻һϢûҵɡ
޳⻰˵ǾڨЦ˵ǣҵȷʲôûз֣Ҳ̫
޳۾΢΢ת⾫ԾƭԼ޳۽һݵ˵Ǹˣҵܾ㣬ȻҲܡ
˵޳һϻ֣۽ǺݺݵĿžǾ΢΢һȻ⿴༧Ǳ˵λСֵܼȻţôҾͳǿ
˵ţǾȻָװҪĵģ༧֮ǰȥ༧û˵޳һѰ༧˹ݺݵĿžǾͣڰյָȻͣ˰ա
޳ЦſžĶֻ༧˿е˵㡣
ֻ༧Ѿ޳סܽס
ǾʱûԼһ˿˿ԥ޳ЦһƬ⣬û뵽Լǰ꾹ȻôƭԼĶѾ˳ʱ֣ͣԼδ棬ȥôԼͱɡ
˵ôˣԸĳˣ޳ž˵
⡭ε˵ԼΡ
㡣༧ѵ޳ܵԽַȻ޳˵αذ·ϱأˡ
޳û˵ֻߵԣǾ޳˹˳޳žȻ޳򾫻ĲӴץȥϻ˲޳ڳֵһ˲䣬ǾԭӲͻȻ
˵֪˵Ѿȫ֪޳һ˲ͿԽɱ޳ܵ˺
޳仰˵ѾûȤˡ
˵޳˼֣еɫǿʢ˼֣һɹɴ̹ǵȸþ˸ǿҵĿ־壬⾫û뵽ԼΪȻᱻ˺ǣϻԽԽǿңòͷ
һ֪ھʯܣһ˵ˡʱһ㡣
༧ǰľвоһֶˣû뵽ԼάľȻ˵ĵС༧Ҳվ޳Ŀ⾫
޳Ȼ֣Ǿ˲䵹˵ϣһǿҵĿԣһ߿־Ŀ޳
˵ɣһᡣ޳ž˵
ǾʯǧۻҲ⾧ʯԱպǿͻǿ֪ܲʲôһС˵˿־壬ǻЦź޳˵ţֻЦһſ־ϣԵøѿ
޳ĵ˵ͷ󼸾֮޳˿ЦǻȻ˵ôء
֪֪ĸط޳ʵ
֪ڴֵĶϷ˵
ãһȥ޳Ц˵ЦȻƺͰףȴһ˵ĸо
⡭ʱ˿ѣΪոպ޳˵Ȼʵǣû˵ʲôǴΣþ˿£ȥΣÿζֻǸոսͱ˳˵ɱ˳θΣûн䣬İ֮޳һ۸
ôԸ𣿡޳ž˵ʱ޳Ҳ֪⾫ʲô޳þԼȥⲻֻܹҵǧۻߵϳܹ֤ƭԼ
Ը⣬Ը⣬ȻԸ⡣ֻðеĿȫ˵
žȻû༧û˵Ը⻹Ͽ
༧Լ˵Ϻ㾹Ȼ;˵ѵʲô𣿡
⾫˵Ż༧Լ壬۾Ȼһ
༧⻰̽ȻһӣǱĶ̽ھĲž⣬Ǿ־ĿŴʱ༧ûյʱ༧ȻԴԼǺѾʧ
ʲôݣʲôݣ༧žʵ
ǾԸоǶ֮̽еŭԼȥԼĻ
ǣ˵˼ǣʱ߸ϵݸ˵Ե𣿡΢΢˵
˵žϵĶ̽ơ
޳žʵܲȥ
ǾǴеĿ£Ȼһ˿ԥǿŴʱ޳񣬾޷ѣȥȥ϶Ե󾫻Ǻݺݵĵ˵ͷ
޳žı飬ʱ޳Ѿ֪ǴеĿ£ǾԼв»һ˿ԥɼ϶ǿֲޱȡ
Ǵʱ޳Ѿ׼ʲô޳һԣ༧ᶨҲܿ༧ʱļᶨ
޳Ҫֵʱ򣬺Ȼ˳Сӣ𣿡
޳˵ͷ
Сӣ˵ʵԳ󣬷ǳΣգҲԶԼֻҲΪ˻ԼΣա˵
޳Ȼһ¡


1793 
޳Ȼ˵˼˲֮޳Ȼǰȥ
εҡҡͷȴ¶ϲ֮ɫ޳ʱӰоʱ޳ѾˣȻʶ޳ʱ޳ѾһĽɫں޳ӴУ滹ܸо޳һ˿˿ɡ
ǿߵĵ·޳ĺܶ࣬ͬĶ࣬񿴵˸ϣ
༧˿޳ǸȥǾʱȻ޳ǴʱľȴʾһּթЦݣЦݺ޳ȥһ㣬Ц֮ʧˣ޳ûз֡
͵޳ֵ̤ʱ֮ȻһȸУ֮ĻԺһ֣޳еһ˿û뵽Լûе»ԾȻԼв۵УһֺĿĵУл޳һֲ
Ѿо޳Եı仯ɫ΢΢һ˵޳ȥ֮ȻϳҪȻԻԼͻܵ˺
Ҿȶסԡ޳ȵ˵ȴһֲ˳ֵļᶨ
ûа취ֻҡҡͷһ̾Ϣ˵ף˰ɡ
޳˻֮󣬸ȷҲΣգ޳ֻ΢΢һЦԼǰһпһ㡣
֮޳ֵ߽֣߽һ˲䣬޳ܵǻֻ޳о궯һǿҵųγɡ
־޳еԾģȻ޳Ѿ׼ǣ־ȻôԼоһ˿ĲӦҲ̫Լˣ޳ˮתˮԵת޳оһ˿˿֮⣬һεˮ޳֮ϴ
޳˿༧ľǵ޳ǵʱ޳ûзһ˿ʣҺһ˿ϲøУ޳΢΢һ૵˵ѵǾ𣿡
޳˵ʱ򣬺ȻԶĻһ˹ȥ޳΢΢һԭֻ޳Ӿˣû뵽澹Ȼһ磬ǻڿ֮Զ
ǾԶȥзһ˿ϲãֻϲ֮вһ˿թԱ޳һֻ޳ûз⾫˲䶯ı飬༧ѾԸоǻͼǻҲǾ֮壬ԾԿǻ༧Ȼ򾫻թЦֱӱ¶༧ǰ
ˣʲôУԡ༧˵ȻܵͣǻǴ޳Ķ䣬޳˼˿衣
ʲôУСϷǰŪ˵Ҳ˺˵༧˼£һּЦݹϡ
޳û˵ֱԵǰţ޳ոռ֮󣬺Ȼüһ壬޳ȵ鷢ˣһӿ޴޳ûܵ˴ֻ޳ü΢΢һֹ֮ס˽Ų
̽ܣǹڼٵԼӽ޳ѾȷǱԼġ
ǹǾ֮壬˺ġ޳о༧ӱԼ˵
ֻ֪㣬Ǿһ޷ƣȰǻȶһɣóֲҪ˺༧޳˵һ˿飬Ȼ֪޳ǲıԼ뷨ġ
ûҪ⾫޳һ⣬˵⻰ԭ֪޳Լ༧΢΢üȻеĶ̽΢΢̧
ðɣһսɣ༧΢΢˵˵ſ˿޳
˵֮ʱѾѹ˹һɳȵĸо޳֮ϼӾţԭļڱѬĳּ˿ͭɫ
ڽӽһ˲ƺâǿһ㣬޳оһ˿ۣ΢΢̧ұ۽ұڵǰ޳ȥ
޳ֻܸоһ˿˿Ĺߣܸо⵽ʲô壬ǹǿ޳΢΢һԭ߾Ȼ˵
Ǻ޳ʮֹ֮ͣˣڰУ޳ȻоƮһ㣬ȷе˵Ӧǻζڼı仯ţֱ仯޳΢΢뵽ѵһ壬һɵģ뷨Ĳ޳ȤڲȤ֮޳Ȼ༧ٿ޳ʱ޳Ѿͬһϡ
༧ǣǾȻһ֮༧һ񱻿һ㣬ԭӴʱȴ֪ΪʲôӲһ㣬΢΢ת༧ԵҲתֱֱĿž
Ŵʱ༧΢΢һЦ˵ÿϷû뵽㾹ȻҲЦҡ
˵ţֻǾȻָһԭȻɢȥɢͬʱһд˳
޳ԭһ˲ɢΪһ㣬޳һ˿棬ڵȴЩı仯һ㣬ǣЩ׷ɢԺ޳֣Ȼһֻֻɣ޳иеһ˿档
ֻеûɶԼ˿ƣǾ֮壬ô
޳Ȼ뵽޳Ȼ¿ȥֻʱթĿ޳ǰЦ޳ŭ޳תҪ򾫻ǱѾɢĻȻΧΧ֮ǽ޳İΧڽ޳ΧͬʱһŻ˳
ʱ޳һҵŻ棬ǻһ޳Ϯţ޳оԼһ˲䣬ȻɫԼǻƺҵĴ͸ɫǣÿӽʱǻܻʧʧ֮ǻһƮȥ
޳ʱоʹ˺ԼԼڱҲǰ취޳Ҳûĵȴֻ޳֮Ȼתһȵ޳֮ϲһ֮޳ϵǿʢ˼֣޳ȻٿϮȥ
ǣǻ޳뷨һȻǻɢȥͻȻ޳ǰʧһǵ޳סҪʱǻȻֳ޳ܽ޳Χ
޳зһ˿ŭ𣬿ԷɱԼԼڱԼһ޳ȻһɫŻȥǣǻ֮ܵȻһ˲ȥƬ֮ǻִӵԼ޳һǻѾȥȴڽԼ޳Χнʧȥģ޳˼š


1794 ı
޳˼ӦĽҽһ޳΢΢оһ˿̫ѶԸˣʵ̫ѶԸǣȻı仯޳еûа취޳һŵܴȥ
ǣһƺûκεã޳оԼĽûʲôã޳ʱ΢΢˫ۣǾо޳֮󣬲һЦû뵽Լǰôǿ޳ȴСӡ
޳΢΢֮ʱϸܴ̽ȥһ޳ܴ̽ȥֻ޳΢΢һ壬һ־Լв־֮޳һʱã޳ȻоǿƻȻǴ༧Ϸģڵ༧ŭһƻҲȻţ⣬ǻĽ
ǣ޳еɫԽԽ࣬ھۼ֮޳Ȼ佫һϮȥ޳ȻĹԭĻͻȻ˿ңֻǻѸкԺ󣬱㿪ʼ޳˽޳΢΢һʱ޳ѾԵĸоǻ˵ǰڱ˵ĲٿֻǶԼһƣôھһֻɱ
ֻԲ״İΧȦı˼֣ڱ֮󣬹âҲ˼֣޳ֵĿȦı
ȻǴ۵ĹȻɢһɫĻ⣬ǻ㳵ڵ޳ǰʱǻ⾹Ȼȫһ޳оĲһ㣬ǷɢĹ߸Ͳ˺޳ʲôЩȫĻƱǿܶࡣ
Ļ޳˵ĻʾʹˣǣһһۼţǱСĹڻ֮ȻıڱԺ޳ҲԸо޳еһ˿˿вв̫СȻҪǶ̫С޳
ʱǹѾ޳ϣ޳֮΢΢һЦ޳ļƻһ㡣
ֻǹڽӽ޳һ˲䣬޳ڲӿɫˮһ޳֮ӿ˳ӿ֮ɫĺǹ߽Ӵ
ڽӴһ˲䣬Ǿ澹Ȼǹֻ߰һֻ޳֪ڰ֮޳ûмеĽɢԼ֮γһ壬ɫ޳İ޳оԼѾȫԽԼ޳üһᡣ
ǽ޳ײȻײһ޳˵ûһ˿˺ǣȺ˵ȴģĹ£ȺȻĴɢȥǻδǻɢѾȺˡ
ԶԶĿȥɫһŽɫǽɫĻһɢȥ˲֮ǻѾһŷĩ
޳΢΢Ȼ༧޳༧һ˿ͣ޳һЦû뵽⾫Ȼôͳˡ
޳ڿͻȻʧֻڰһӰֳ󣬾Ȼ۾ʱ޳Ѿվ˾ԡ
΢΢һǣʱ༧̽ӶȻ޳޳΢΢һ༧͵ȴӦ޳
޳ѾƵ༧һ˲ŭӿͷû뵽⾫Ȼ༧Լ⾫ȻȫתƵ༧ϣ޳оʱ༧Լ޳Դ޳༧Ĺϵ޳˿Ц⾫ΪԼ޷죬޳˲㷢˾ļƻ
㻹湻ġ޳૵˵
ʱ޳һ򾫻ȥǣ༧ֵǰ棬޳ۿҪ༧תǾ޳ʱı˹ǳ޳עʱ򣬾Ȼ޳Ϯȥ
ǳһƺݺݵĴ޳ı޳оһƬȱȻת򾫻ȥǴʱֽ༧Լǰ޳Ȼ֣Ǿһȼ޳ϡ
޳оһ˿Ժ㽫ˮԵȫǻ˲䱻ˮǾһвеԾû뵽޳ȻԣǾǽսܡ
ǣ޳Ѿվ󣬵ոҪӦʱ޳һɫѾУ޳ֲþȻһǣ޳ѾòԥĽɫ˾֮ϡ
ǾȻ˳ȥڷյʱ޳Ȼȥֻһ˲䣬޳Ǻݺݵһȭھ档
Ȼȥǣڰоٱ䶯ΣӰ䶯УѾ˵棬ȻһסԼ壬֮ϳֵĳâ
ֻڣվﴭŴĿ޳޳ڰո׿򾫻ֻ˫ŭĿ޳
ⲻ𣿡޳˵
֪ڲĶֽ̧֡ǵѪöȥ
һ޳˵
Ҹҽ棬ҾͲ棡˵ţȻ忪ʼŤȫļȻţһ༧ڼҲű仯ͬʱ沿ı仯ţԼʹһ
һҽ޳޳ʱǵϵľֻıţͬʱҲʮţӵͬʱϵĻҵȼţƤҲıţǻڼȼѾȼ˼޳Ǿʱһȼ̼һ㡣
ʱ۾ͷϾǻ棬ֻҵţ֮󣬾Ȼ޳ʱԼҲ޳һ
ʱ޳˾һ⾫ڼǱȸոձ˼ٱ־˵޳˾ԵȤ
񻰡޳ž˵
𣿡޳ʵ뺷һǿҵȸд˹޳ʱоԼһΧһ㣬ˮ˲䱻ˡ
û뵽ֵĵһ¾ȻȽ㡣޳ε˵˫ۿܣƲĶʵ޳ڲĴûĻôԼں⾫ս֮п
޳ϸ۲֮Χû޳Ǿֻ޳ڿ򾫻һ˲䣬޳ȻһǾ༧Ѿʧˣǣ޳оԼϮķ򲢲һɼ⾫һɱԼ
޳һΣǣδ޳뿪ֻоȻһǿ޳תǻδ޳תѾ޳ĺ󱳣Ȼ޳ʧȥֱӱȥ
û뵽ҲֻôȻⶼֲң̫߹ˡЦ˵һ˿Ц


1795 ֯һ
һϹȻȥں͵Ӵһ˲䣬ϹȻڡ
䣡
һ֮󣬵ϱݺݵҳһӣǴӺͻȻĳһֻǣǴȼһŻ档
Ϲʧ޳¶˳ʱǴһ޳ָ΢΢һ£Ȼ󻺻˫ۣ·˿¨ãϼ˵ĺۼۡ
޳˫۵һ˲䣬沿һĨص΢Ц
ſﲻ޳Ȼָ쿪ָ֮һĻƵĳ֣Ŀ޳Ȼһ˵ȥɣ
žķֻһƵĽȻ޳ȥ޳еһǿԼǣ޳ûж
ֻǻƵĽȻﱬըڱը֮һǳµһжڸˡ
ǳ׷ɵϳЦݣôĲһ
˵ţǳѾɢӣȻ侫ͫȻһ£һֲŵ֮кһˡ
Ĳһ𣿡˳
ȻһϤ޳оȻû˼˵ĸо
۾΢΢һգȻת޴ȭͷ޳
ȭͷһ㣬ȭͷɨĵطһƮʱ޳֮ϵ·ҵ˺קţ޳һ˿ҵͷڷҵҡţֻǣʱ޳΢յ˫Ķһ¡
Ȼ̧֣ɫֺǾ޴ȭͷȻĽӴˣ޳ûзһ˿ӣǾȴо޳ѾԼȭͷ֮⣬ô޷ӽ޳塣
ֻȻһ˼ӣΧĴľȻбһ
޳ֻ΢΢һϹгˣһЦϹȻĴʤֻ޳̧ұȻǰһƣǾ񱻵ȥһ㣬ڿһ롣
˲֮ݺݵ棬ֻ޳Ҫеھϵʱ༧˲޳޳΢΢һȻתǶ̽޳޳˫ָǶ̽ļм䣬΢΢ڶһ£Ƕ̽༧Ѿ˳ȥֻ޳û̫Ϊ˲༧ܵ˺޳⽫ջ˺ܶࡣ
ǾʱѾվӴȻԾ޳޳ȻӴ󣬵ĶȴĿ죬ٶ˿ûбۣʱ޳ٿʱ򣬾ѾԼԱˡ
޳΢΢һѾʧŻ˫΢΢һ޳ͣõĵطȥһ˲ǻֻ޳޳˫ȭӭȥʱİУ޳;ҵĽţֻǵڳһӰԺʧڰգʧڰֳ֮֡
ҵĽһʱ֮Ȼͣ϶ֲͬ˺ۣͬʱŴŶԷ
༧޳޳ʱоӦȰ༧ϵĿƽ⣬޳ڸûʲô
ֻаǾɱ߾ԼҪȻ޷ġ΢΢˫˵
ֻɱˡ޳˵
СӣҪôУ⾫ô򵥡˵ֻ˵仰΢΢˫ۡ
޳ݺݵĵһͷȻһ㣬ӯĶ༧ϮǴʱ޳Ҳˣ༧ȻƣڱƵ༧ȴʹκεĹֻܼ򵥵͵ϮԼһ£޳м˲ѹ༧ʹùô޳Żѹ༧ĹȻСޱȵꡣ
༧͵Ŀ⿴޳ѾܹԼȻ򾫻ȥʱ༧񾫻һһ㣬޳˿Ц
Ǿ༧ԼǣȻſڡ
ԭɵ޳ȻһѵҪ༧༧ȡ
뵽޳ֿǾֻȻĴӿгһŻ棬ǻҪĻ棬޳ȷˣ⾫༧
޳üһͻȻʧʧ˲䣬޳Ѿ༧˹ǾޱջԭɵĶ޳ˣһŭ𣬿ڵ༧ȴݺݵö̽޳޳һұһѪ۳֣޳Ѫ۵ĳ֣üͷݺһǣΪ༧İȫ޳ǽ༧ŵ˰ȫĵط
һѪ޳ұ˳ȻƲأֱɫ̽˺ȴޱȵʹʹԼļⱻһ˿˿ĸһ㣬޳һȻ༧һα˳
ֻ޳һŻ֣޳ƮƮ֮޳ķ˿ڴ˿ԭʵѪڱѬԺһȻ޳Ѿ̵˿ϰһ·΢΢̧ͷ޳оԼʹѾԵļˡ
̧ͷǾ޳гһ˿ŭû뵽˱ɵҪŮΪƣǾ˵
޳û˵Ȼ񾫻ȥǿе֮ȥ޳һνеĻҵȼ
޳仯ǲû̫⣬򾫻ȥеĻȴԽԽǿң޳ҪӽԼʱǾȻһŽ⣬ǽٵĴ۾г֣ڳ֮󣬿ٵ޳ȥ
ڰյ޳ǧϰٵĽһȻϳɫ㣬һȦȦ޳תȻ޳˫ֽ浲Լ֮ǰֻǽ˫ǰƲһ壬޳ٶ̫죬֮ϳһĺɫ壬Ǳʲôһ¡
ԶԶȥ޳ϹڿпٵĶǽϮڶ֮޳ת򾫻ȥ
ǣһ˲֮ǽɫͻȻʧһ޳еһ˿֣ԭԼߵȸоȻʧˣ޳̧ͷ򾫻ˡ
Ǿͬ޳ȻȻŽ۾бŷ˳ֻβû޳Ϯھǰһţ޳֣ǽ⾹Ȼһܡ
ǶܷŽɫĻ棬ڽɫĻ֮Ǵ۵Ľ⣬ǽҫ޳˫ۣ޳˲оԼʲôһ㡣
ǣʱ޳ʱҲ˾ΪǰĶܽȫ޳ԭɶͻȻֹͣˣǶϵĻҵ޳ѾоһɳȸС
޳ѰҾ֮󣬷⾫ϢȻڿĴƮ޳΢΢һ
ʱǽɫĶܺܵĿһ㣬Ȼ޳ƶ˹ǿҵĳ޳˿˿ѹʱ޳оǾϢڿٵĿԼԼȴûз־Ӱ


1796 ֮
޳ܵʱ޳ûз־ӰʱϢȴ޳ܲţ޳еһ˿еĲǣ޳ûʲôϵΪǾȻڱ֮ʵȻǣǣʵ޳ĿƷΧڡ
Ǿһֱû޳Ҳһ˿ϾǰĶȻԼѹȶ
Ȼ䣬޳оϢԽԽǿңȻ޳ԭǰȻתǾӰ޳ת֮ȻʧǣӰʧ֮޳ȻѰҹȥֻ˲ʧԺ㲻ٳ֡
޳ﴦ΢΢һ˿⣬ǽ֮ĻԣԲԹ֣ǿ׷پлԵˣʱ⾫ǻԵˣǶһǻԳɷֺܺõĻˣ޳ǾӲԼˡ
ڻʧڿ֮޳͸оǻĽӽǾһʼ˿ţľ޳ֻΪҵԼȻʱܻɱ޳Լߣ޳ץԼҲһ׵飬ʱ޳ͺҵ
޳΢΢һЦȻԼǰ˹ȥ޳ȥԺǾӰȻתһת֮󣬾ֳ޳޳ֻȻת޳תԺǾȻطȥ
һʱ޳ʧȥһ˿ԣȻè׽Ϸһ㶼棬ںϷˣèֻ޳ϹʤϹʤ֮޳һɫĻУɫķɢڷɢԺһ㣬ǹڿƮ£޳ƶȥ
ʱǾûз޳ɫ㣬ǾȻڿвʱĳţ޳΢΢һЦǻԸо޳ȻȥǾȻʧ޳صһЦ֮ߵĹȻʧһֻǹʱžһҽС
ԭ޳κװ˹ȥô¸ı䷽򣬶޳ϣľǾܹı䷽ʱ޳ͻȻߵϮ򾫻ôСֻڽӴһ˲ȻھϱըͻȻıըþû˿ķ
ʱһҽԺ󣬾ѾȼɫĻ棬ԼĽڱɫţԺɫĸǾʱɫѬ
ʱ޳ѾԼУȻ򾫻Ϯȥ޳Ҫʱ޳ȻԼʱȴ޷һ㣬޳üһ壬ֻоһǿѾӽԼԼڸоľǿ޳΢΢һüͷԼȴڲϵĺӽš
Ƕܣʵ忴һܣʵһܹǿס֮󣬻Ὣ˰סȻգ˻ữΪҽ
Ǿһʼʱڿгֺʧڷɢ޳עǾֻû뵽޳Ȼа취ԼþеԾԾԼȻѾ޳˺ˣʱľϥԼϢԼϵɫϨ
ʱ޳ȴסˣ޳оһ˿ŭԭԻɱȴסˣԼڼ޷
ӽ޳޳еǿȶȽԼְǴӱʼģ޳оԼ˶Ƕһôûκһ㷴ӦǴʱ޳ֻýԼڵΪ˷ֹͻȻϮ޳ڱԼһ㣬ʹϮԼԼҲֵܵһʱ䣬Դʱ޳ɫߴʤ
ǶϵǿȻ޳޳еʱѾʼԼȫȫҵĵֿţڵֿһʱ֮޳Ȼ֪ΪʲôԼʧˣǶ״壬ʱһ֮Ľ޳棬޳еһ˿
޳ֲһʼôˣʱǶܾȻһ״߿ٵ޳ϲƣڲƵʱһ߽޳ļݺݵȥ޳оһԼļͻȻ޳һԾʱ޳ҲԼеתתʱ޳ȫԼ棬޳ļһܼӲĳǽȻҲ޳оʹ
Ǿϻʱ˿ʱ޳޳ѾǽƵϸ߿סˣǾ˱༧޳Ϯȥ༧͵ڽܵ޳ȥ޳ʱ༧Ȼһ༧ĴԼôԼ˵ܲǿ϶ģʱ޳༧һʼԼһ޳Ȼо첲һ˿ʹ
ǣʱ༧Լˣ޳Ȼһ˿ң޳ȴһ˿
ֻ޳֮ٵţ֮ʱ޳нȫ˳޳֮ϻʱγһֹ״ʱ޳һĨĨɫĶӿ˳ǽɫǽԡ
༧Ķ̽Ѿ޳Ȼһ༧Ķ̽ں޳Ӵһ˲һ˳þ˸еһ˿棬û뵽༧Ľû˺޳
ڴʱ޳ڵ֮ɫһתתʱ޳֮ڲһǿҵĽǽɫϸ߳ϸߺֺݺݵĽ޳ڵѹȥ޳ڵѾϸ߿ƿƵˡ
ֻǾĽϸ߳ڳԺ޳ΧһȦɫĹһһ޳޳ʱѾܹɻˣܹɻ֮޳ϸֳһ˿Ц⡣
ʱǾϵĻҲһʧʧ֮ǾһĻָ⾫Ĵ֮ǾĻָҲ˲٣ʵ󲢲ÿһģֻ츳ľܹԼȻԼӣԺսҲĺǿеԭ˭Ҳ֪ΨһԭǾеһǱ
ʱ޳Ȼǽߣ޳Ĺ±һһּƵĺۼ
޳вһ˿˿ĸˣ޳ϸһɵʱǾȻԼߣĳ޳һھֵһ˲䣬ǽȻĽȥ޳Ϳѹȥģ޳ߵڶԺǽ߸Ͳ޳Ķ֣ǾҲѾһ顣


1797 
ԾȻԼע뵽ǽ棬ע뵽һ˲䣬ǽ˲ʤ
޳ǰһУȻһŭԼͷӿ˳ǾȻȻſͣſ͵һ˲䣬޳оһǿҵĻϮԼ޳оһ˿
ֻʱľг֮֮޳Ѿ֪⾫ͼԭ⾫ɵԼ޳оһ˿ЦԼܱɣôԼҲˣⲻǶԾӣҲ޳ĸ߰Դ󣬶޳ȫôɱ⾫ֻһ˲顣
޳ǻһĿԼǾϳһĨЦЦ⣬Ժ󣬾˵⾫ٸ޳Ҫһ㡣
ֻʱ޳Ȼڵк޳֮һһ޳֣ܳϸȫȥϸߺܵǿĹһ㣬һ˲ϸϳһѺۣѺԭϸĳһζεĶȻһǿеĻȻʢ˼֡
޳ʢ˼ֵĻȻһԺ޳ǻȻǿһЩǻûǿ̫࣬޳һʱо沢Լôǿ󣬵Ǿ濴ܹ޳һ
ǻһĿ޳޳ΧϸѾѺۣѾע⵽㣬Ծӿٶȣڽǻһǿ֮Ǿʼɵǰ׼ֻǾȻԼĻԪصƵĸλԭֻΪ޳Լĳܲ˶ֱԾǰ׼
޳žЦһ£Цһ֮޳ȻһĿʼתתĵطǽһĶˣڶԺ޳ûϸ߿ôһһ˿⣬ͿԸһ
ʱûע޳ڵԼǣһ׼Ժ󣬷ԼԳһȻþоһ˿ֲֲֿһıš
ʱ޳ֻ޳ճһĨ΢ЦȻǣڴ֮޳Ȼǽ߳ƣһĽ޳ȫϿˣǰһУȻоһ˿ֲþȥǻδȾ̫ԶɫѾվԼǰ棬ʱ޳ɫ
ͷ޳΢΢ʵôˣˣ
г־˵ţֻֿ־ѾԼ޷˵ָо޳еһ˿Ц
ǣʱ޳Ѿ˽ɱ׼ڻɱ֮ǰ޳ҲѾ˾ʹıƺԼôԸ
޳ĿžǾһ־Ŀ޳ֻڿ־֮ʱֳһ˿һƴˣеϣ
Ȼ䣬޳һɫ˲оԼƱȼһ㣬ָо֮󾫻ȻĻ˼֡
ʱ޳һҵ쫷磬쫷ɫʱѾʲôѾˣȾӦʱֻ޳ѾӾϴ˹ȥԼϵĴ󶴣þ¶һ˿ʹ΢΢תͷ⾫ʱ޳޳ѾǣɫĹâ΢΢Ʈһ˿ɫģǾϵϢ
޳ԭΪ⾫Ӧ£ǣ޳ԾǣʱǾȻ˼֣һŭھۼھۼԺ޳ͻȻоһŭѾԼƮ޳תȥֻϵĴﾹȻһŵĻ棬ǻ޳֮ǰĻ
޳ȻԾǻ޳߲ȥ޳оԼԱ߳һŵĻ棬ڻԺ޳˳ۿȥǺǾƾջûһ壬һʼһȼյĻ棬޳ǰʱǻıΡ
޳ԾĿǰĻ۳Σɵ޳һ˿棬ǣʱǻûΣȻ޳˹޳һȻڶ㿪֮޳εֻһͣĶȻûУ޳ĴΡ
޳ֻû뵽⾫ȻлûûϵҵţȻǾﵽͬһֿЦһ޳ڳЦ޳һ
ȻҾһ·˵ţ޳ɫĻȫǻ֮ϣֻһ˲֮ǻӰξȻ޳ɫˡ
һꣿ޳˵һ㡣
ֻʱǾˣһꣿҲ̫𾫻ˣ
ǣʱ޳Ĳ֪嵽ʲô˵˺ж󣬿޳ǰòǿĶֺвĪϲãһĪϲ֮޳Ѿ׼ⲻ֪ǺĶս
ǣδ޳սͻȻһѱĶ̽޳ĺ󱳺ݺݵĴ˽޳š
޳оȻһ˿⣬Ȼͷ޳༧ʱ༧Ķ̽Ѿ޳ţ޳ʱоһƬ⣬༧Ǵ͵ƺûʲô仯
ԴļһôԸ˵
޳еʹǣ޳̽ϵԼ˿ڴ˿ڴ˿˿Ѫ˳Ȼ˿ȫһ棬޳оһ˿ԤУϾԼ˶ԼʱԵˡ
޳˿֮Ȼ̽˳ȥ༧Ҳһ˳ȥʱ޳ֻо
Ѿ˵޳вһ˿ϲãԼڲɱ޳ܽ޳ռΪУĻôԺǧۻ߾һս
ǣʱ뷨̫ãڳԼƵ
Ǿ͵ûעʱȻ䣬޳һɫĻϣȻ򾫻ͷϮȥǾ͵޳ҪֵʱǾ任ֵӰȻ޳ǰ棬޳оһ˿˿ĺ棬ں֮޳Ȼһϻע뵽˵ڣǻӰһ˲䱻ϻΧڰΧ֮޳۽һݣӰϹըѿȥ
ҵıըþһһ֮󣬿ٻͷӰѾһɫĻ棬ڿзһʱ֮˵棬ɢڵ֮󣬻ΪһŻҽ
ǾǰӰͻȻʧұ޳ɱˣȻŭһ˻ӰȻ޳ϮȥѾʧȥǵľжϸʧȥǣֻȻ޳޳΢΢һ㣬Ǿ˸ա


1798 ɱ
޳ĹҲһ˿ŭȻ޳򾫻ɱȥֻԼոյ˿ڴһ˿ʹʹ޳תӾţʹӾ֮޳ĶԱȸո˲٣ֻ޳Լĸоھ⶯ѾĿˣֻǣһ˲䣬޳Ѿע뵽档
ǾȻоԼǱעʲôעԺ󣬾оԼ޼ɵȼţȼ֮󣬾ڲѾûжܹɢ޳˿ʱľǾѾȫԼɸɾˡ
ʱľȻоԼûʲô취Ͼ޳̫ǿԼ޷ߣԾԺ󣬷ԼߣǣһŨ˼֡
޳оһ˿˿ԣ⾫̫죬һûԴͷ֮޳žǾӴȻ޳˹ڽ޳˹ԺȻһɡ
ԭڻɱ޳΢΢һʱ޳Ѿ׾˵ʲôˣǾԱھѾû·ֻк޳ͬھͬھ޳ֻ֪ƾ辫Լô޳ֻ˵Ŀܣ˵ֱܹӽ޳ԱǾ̫޳ʵˡ
Ǿ޳ɵʱ޳ȻоԼոעѾھĲٿתÿһת֮ɾȻǲܱԼɢȥģΨһĿܾǾЩԱôԱޱǿ޳˾ͼ
޳ѾıסˣʹԼ뿪ǾԼ˿˿ĿԼҲ뿪
ʱ޳ϻȻ֮޳о⾫һĲֲϻԾѬ޳ԼŻ޳עڵھȻһıĿ޳ѾˣǾԱǰķӦ
޳Ҳһ˿ڣԼɱھȻˣԼȱ㣬̫ţ޳ȻԼϾڲʱ
ʱǾϵɫѾӳ˽죬޳ҲȥԼ϶ܵ˺
޳ԼȻǿʢ˼֣üĴ΢΢һ޳üļ䣬üļĽĳֻ֣ڳֵһ˲䣬ǾȻһ£û뵽ǿ󵽾գֻǽԺ޳֮ϵ֮Ȼһ޳Ž֮µضѿ
޳ڵ֮ȻŹâ޳ĵմ۶ȥմʱѾɫɫգ޳γһѭ
޳Ȼһϲû뵽ĳµ֮ĺ壬޳עµ档
ֻ޳Ȼҡһ£Ǳ޳ľ˫Ȼ޳ѿˣԺ޳һ˲ֵ˾
޳Ȼ֣һİ׹ɫĻˡ
޳һϲȥɡ
Ǿ˲оԼһǿԼֳþ˲оһ˿
ԼڵһıԱɣԼļƻʧܣǾȻתȥֻתһ˲䣬޳һɭİ׹ɫĻ˾ͷ
ȻһоԼ˲䱻ڻһ㡣
ʱԶԶȥɫĹ˲ռ䣬ڰ׹һ˶ĺӰһɢţӰɢʱ򣬺ȻըˣһɫĻŷš
޳ȻȥıУôԼˣǣ̫ǿ󣬻û޳뿪޳ȻоһƬȺ㱻һ˳ȥ
ǰɫĹȻڳռ䣬ֻǻĴƮɢԺʧˣ޳ȥ֮ȻԼ壬Ϊ˱֤Լᱻ̫ܵ˺޳ԼʱȥǰкһɫĹڷ˳ȥ
ʱ༧ΪһʼƣԲ֪ԼΣ֮У޳Ѿ͵Զھһ˲༧һĻָԼʶʱǰɫâ༧˲оĲʱ༧ҲѾ⵽ô¡
ãķ罫ǳ£ºִ༧оʧԺվ༧Ψһ뷨޳༧Ĵȥûз޳Ӱ
ȥԾգ༧¿ȥֻгǻ֮Ⲣû޳Σ༧һ˿༧֮ʱȻڲԶĵطǳһ䶯༧һϲȻ䶯ȥ
༧ڵ֮ȻִʱﾹȻȫǳԭ䶯ĵطûп޳Ρ
༧Ѱҵʱ༧Ȼ֣ǳƺһˣ༧ȻһϹ⣬Ϲ⽫ǳķȥһ˴ʱſǳ棬༧һ˿ϲã޳
޳༧ٵ˹ȥǣ޳岢ûж༧еıƺȫȥһĨ˳޳
ǣ޳Ȼûж༧Ѹٽַ޳ľһ˲֮༧Ȼһ޳ľûҺܾûһ㣬༧֮Ȼ޳𣬰֮Ϻ¶һ˿ʹࡣ
ʱ޳Ȼһԭ޳ֻŻ༧һ£û뵽༧ȻԼǰʱ޳ֻоһ࣬Ȼ޳
ǣ޳Ķһ£Ȼ۾༧о޳һ˿仯Ȼ޳ȥ޳ʱ޳ֱĿ༧ŷԼĶһƬȻ޳ɿˣ޳ԭһ˿Σû˿ķ༧ȻķȥȻͷӴ˵档
һʹĽ༧޳ֻϵ糺첢ûɢȥû°
ոջûУˣҵͷ᲻㡣޳༧˵
༧޳һ֮Ȼ»ص˱˵á
Ȼ༧Ȼվǣʱ޳оһʹҪ༧Ƕ̽Լ֮ϴ˹ȥ
޳ʹı飬༧һĨθԲ𣬵ʱҲ֪
޳˿༧û˵ֻԼţ༧޳ϷȥƵ˵Բ𡭡
˵ˣҲǸġ޳༧˵
˿ܣ޳֮пһԶš


1799 ڵ
޳֮󣬺ȻԼԶĳһ͸Ž⣬ǽкһŻȽȽ޳Ȼһ˿棬֮Уû̫Բ䣬ôǹǶģ޳˿༧ȥ
༧ʱ޳ӰҲѾĴڣ༧޳Ƿȥʱ༧Ѿ֪嵽ʲôǾǾڵ
ڵ½ϷΪ֣һ޵ڵһ־ǿߵڵһڵڹǿ˲ûʲôôΪһ˿ǿ˵ûʵԵãһǿ߲Ϊһڵʱ䣬һǿڵȽãǿڵ治ǿҪǿڵǿĹͶ顣
Ǿڵô޳ο˵ջķᣬǾȻʵ޳˵½ʶļܣ˵⾫Ա޳ҪߵĶ࣬Դʱ༧沿¶һ˿ϲãϲ֮Ȼһ˿ԥϾ⾫ڵ̫ˣԼõôԼĹ٣Ժһսԥ༧沿ϸֳһ˿ʹࡣ
ǣ༧Ĳ⾫ڵǣ⾫ڵ˵ӦôиԼĺˣʹͻȻʱ򾫻Ҳһڵ͵Լ˵ڣڵ༧е㲻ס
ѵ⾫ûзѳˣ༧૵˵
޳ƺ༧޳û˵Ϊ༧˽Ȼ޳࣬޳ʱ༧̫˺Լ˵༧ĿǾʯڵĳ쾧ʯ뵽޳΢΢һЦÿ˶Լ뷨ÿ˵뷨гͻ޳ҲһЩ޳ҡҡͷЦЦ
ʱѾǶĵط޳΢΢ʱ޳ŷ澹Ȼһ˿˿ˮˮ˿˿һһ΢΢ڷ֮ǻⶫ
ȴһģȻŽ⣬ǳĻȴǽţ֮ǽһ㣬޳ǰһ˿棬޳ָȥӡ
༧Ȼ˵
޳΢΢ͷ༧˿⣬ǿ༧ı飬޳о༧˵仰϶еǺе޳ջԼָ
Ǿڵڵһųų˲佫˻ˣұ˵˺Լ˿ڡ༧޳˵˿ԥЩӦú޳˵ȻڽӴио޳ԼӽĿĲΪ˱Ϊ˱Լǿ޳ڵһ˲䣬༧Ȼ鲻Խ˵˳˵֮༧оȻһ˿Īĸˣָо༧ϸֳһ˿糺졣
༧ıϵ糺޳ЦЦ˵ڵ
ԣǾڵǣ⾫ڵһ㶼ᴫԼĺˣǾȻϾԸ񡣡༧޳΢΢˵ڿԭֺе㲻⡣
Լĺˣ޳ʵ⾫˲ôԼĺˣ⾫к޳е档
ǴƶȣÿһͬĹ⹦һȫµģҲ˵⾫ὫһĹע뵽Լ֮УͻԽԽǿ󡣡༧޳˵
޳˵ͷڵʱڵϵĻޱȵǿ޳Ѿĸоҵĳţ޳΢΢˫ۣʱ޳ڵһɾĻԣԵĸо޳ôС
һ£ᴫԼĺˣΪʲô༧˵һ顣
޳˵ûкأ
ǲܵģΪÿһԼڷѳԼĺˣʹǰҲὫԼĺ˷ѳܹȥǣȻ༧˵
޳༧ĻȻһԼѾ༧˵˼ԼǾһ󶴵ʱǾȷѳһСˣֻС˵̫Сˣһ˲ԼС˻ɱˣ뵽޳Ȼоһ˿Уǿ༧˵ǴڳһС˰ɣ
ǵģǾʱھǳһֳ࣬༧˵ţʵ༧ոҲڳ༧ƣеļᱻĨȥǳǼԼҪߺ̹ܿĵĲŲᱻĨȥ
Ѿûˡ޳̧ͷ༧˵
༧һʵʲôûˣ
Ȼ⾫ĺˣǾԺûˣˡ޳༧˵ڿЦһ㡣
ô֪༧޳ʵо޳Ļе㲻˼飬ǿ޳ĻȻǿЦ༧Ѿо޳˵ʵˡ
Ѿɱˣ㱻ƵʱһΪСǸʲôأû뵽Ǿĺˣǲˣ޳༧ʵԼķһ
ɱ˾ɱ˰ɣҲûʲô¡༧Ҳֻ˵ˣǼ㲻ɱǾĺˣôĺҾԲŹԼ༧ҲûʲôҪ˵ģֻԼΪ˿ʡ
༧޳΢΢˵ôоϧ
༧û˵ЦЦһȻ༧ԣȫұ֮ΨһĶԼΪˣһ壬ϾǻԼߣȻһɢ֯ǣʱѾˣȻ༧Ӱ첢̫󣬿лһ˿˸еģԼһֶȻʧһ
ɱҰɡ޳Ц˵ڿЦһ
Ҹɱ㣿Ϊﲻܰ༧˿޳
ǣڵһʧԭĽɫâʧţǻҲһʧţڵڿб¶̫þͻᱻ紵ɢһ
ڵҲǻ޳˵תȥ
Ա֮ڵһоͻǸ˵壬ҪһĹпܳΣա༧վ޳˵
޳仰Ȼת༧˵㲻һֱԼĹɡ
ҲеģΪôȥڵһġ༧ǲԸ˵仰
޳˿༧ìܵı˵ʲôǿʳ
УɣҪȻʧ˾Ͳˣֻпϧˡ༧޳˵еĿѾ˼ᶨ
޳˿༧û˵ֻ޳΢΢ϥ
ڸ޳༧޳˵


1800 ڵ
޳صһ˿νӣֺɡ
ڵ֪Σ༧Ծʵ
˵ˣΪһ޳˵š
˵޳֮ϳ˵Ϲ⣬ϹĲһ˿״޳΢΢Ʈһ֮Ȼ޳༧ԳһᾧᾧŵϵĹâˮһ༧ᾧȻеһ˿棬޳ڻɱ˾֮ȻܹĲ½ᾧᾧ༧ȫȥҲһ֡
༧ӿ޳ֻ༧û˵ϥ޳ԡ
СӣڵҪܴ׼ˣʵ
ⲻ裿޳Ƶ˵֪Լ
ң濴޳˵
԰оҵܹĵڵ㲻ûиоΧѾ۳һ˰ɣڵģҪץʱˣʦ塣޳˵
СأЦ˵
ǣ㣬֪ʦ岻ȵģʦôߴˣ϶ҵġ޳Ц˵
ҲѾоΧΣգǣʱ治֪ΣմӺζģԱȫǻû뱻ǧۻߵϳԶʱҲܵģԼĵô޳ͺпҿռڡ
һⷢڽⷢԭ޳µĽᾧһ⣬֮޳ԵĸоڵĽᾧ˵˽ԼȥҲǸ⣬༧ҲѾԵĸоᾧ仯༧иǾ棬ᾧĲɼõ༧û뵽ᾧĲֽɼС
Сӣֻ㣬ָҰ㣬ʲô鶼ҪԼ濴޳˵һᶨ
޳о֮ѾԼڵѾˣ޳ʱŸо˵Լڵԭ˵ġ
ðɣôҿʼˡ޳˵ʱ޳ѾڿЦˡ
ĵ˵ͷʱҲѾ׼ʱ޳Ӧͻ޳ﶼڵһ׵飬һڵѾԼԣֻԼԭˣȻķҿΪԭȥ˱
޳˿༧˵ͷ
Ȼ޳ɫ߿ʼ𣬱Ժ޳֮һɫĻڿʼһʧȥصĻһȻıŷţֻ༧Ƚ֣޳֮ϱŷԼоԼȴûиоκεϢϢ޳ڲֻ΢΢һЦ֪Ϊʲô޳ûһϢһ
ԭ޳һ˲䣬潫ϢѾȫڸסˣϢȫ֮޳ȻκεϢ޳ȫԷĵڵ
ֻ޳΢΢˫ۣĻչţȻ޳һĨһֻһ̽ڵڽӴڵһ˲䣬ڵںȻһŻ泯˹ԭӴڵȻ˻
޳üļ΢΢һһ˿һֺڵ̫ǿԼܽڵһ㡣
ǣԺ޳üļչֻ޳ڲ֮Եתţת֮ǻԿʼ޳Ϸ΢΢磬޳ţ޳ڵ
ڵȫǻԣ޳ֻûڵڵйȻһŻƮ˹޳΢΢һϲǵڵеӴԼ֮޳ȻһȻһ㣬ڽӴ޳һ޳ͬһ㣬޳о׶ôǿ
޳壬ӦԴȥڴʱ޳оڵĺ棬Ƕ޳ĺ棬޳еȴ֮޳ľԳڵеڵеоľԣǱľԿȥڿһ˲ڵеȻ֮ڵеһ˿˿ϲãû뵽ﾹȻľԿɡ
Ȼջؽڵڵȴ޳һĿڿ޳֮ڵһ˿ìܣì޳ĸоˣ޳ľǿ˼֣ǿ֮޳ʼעڵı仯
ԶԶȥһϻǰһɫڵƮڼûΣһ޳еľǿ֮ڵԸоľԵʢڵѾһĿϻ
޳ڿڵѾ˽Լ壬޳Ѿ׼ڵޱǿԼ׼ôԼȫܱڵˣ޳Ľע뵽ԼÿһطڽЩԺ޳Ϲִʤ˼֣Կ޳Ѿ׼
ڵ΢΢ĽӴ޳Ժ޳еԼӴĵطһŻҵѬһ㣬޳ûжǵȴڵľһ˲֮ڵȻ޳壬޳ȻĲһѻ𽣴ԼڣǹԼţ֮޳϶һۼ
ʱ޳ĶͷͻȻһεεĺˮǺˮֵͬʱ޳ı鿪ʼʹʱ޳ϹѾ˵ĽɫǽɫĻ治޳ⲿ޳ڲţǽɫ޳ں̽һһֺԼ½ĵطһ˿棬ڵʼҵռ޳ϵһУ޳ʱѾоͼǻڵĲٿȻ޳ζţ޳ľʱһűѬСһ㣬ָо˲޳Ȼһ£޳ľ͸޳·ɢŵ⣬ǽ޳Ĵζš
ȻоڵǿȻԼľע뵽޳棬޳ľ˲Ӻ󣬾ȻһԲ㣬ԭڵǰԾ˼֮ڵȻɢȥĻȫ˻ڵѾ޳һ㡣
ڽջԺڵĿľԣԭʹ޳ڻ汻ջغԳһʣһ˿˿ˮھа˶ţˮԽ޳ԭѬ޸ţֻһ޳ڰнУΪ˲ڵһ˿ɡ
ڵڿľԵʱȻһ


1801 뵤
޳ľĲٿأٿľԵ֮ƶڵľƶ֮˹޳ڵѾϵǱľ΢΢ɢһľ֮ڵ̽ľɢ΢Ϣˣ޳ʱףڵɹľԣɵĹ࣬ôԼһͲÿڵ
ǣ޳ľһɫĹ΢΢ɢϢǰһɫĹ㣬ֹƺںг˶ţǣʱ޳ڵʧȥȤֱӽľɣڵֱӽľ֮ôڵҵӣԺ޳ܿƲڵ
޳ʱͻȻĵ鷢ˣڵǻԣΨһȱûԣڵһû˿ƵĻԣ˲ڵļȻľȥľԴʱѾоڵĽ꣬ľԼӿٶȣ޳ȻһʱľԻ֮еײĻԼ彫ܵ˺޳ʼĿľԣľԵĲٿĴ֮޳ŷ֣ԭ潫ԼľעԼȻڵʱһ£޳ڼƲľԣϾľ֮аľԡ
޳ҵԺľȻûͣ˼޳һʧأڵҲҵĳײ޳ֳһ˺ۣһɹɾʹ޳洫˳
оľԵǿѾ޳ĿƣȻľԵ˼֣޳ϵѾĿľԣǴʱľԶ˵࣬ڵѾʧȥģ˲޳оһ˿ǣ޳ʼľԵٶȡ
⾭֮޳ľԵٶ˺ܶ࣬ڵٶҲ˺ܶ࣬ȻľԵٶȲ͵ڵѾӽľԣȻڵʼľԣľǿ˼֣ǴʱڵѾľһľôܣڵܻĸľԵĺ档
޳˿ѾоľѾӽ˵޳ﴦȫ
ʱڵѾȫľԣ޳ľԵٶȣǣľԵٶѾ޷ˣǰĵľҲҵٶȡ
ǾľٶȵʱڵͻȻһĹ߽ľԿסˣľôѣڵǲɿƣߵĵľԸеһ˿ϣǸһ־־ԴľԸֿܰơ
ʱ޳һ˿ʱľôпܾڵڵôԼпܴΣ֮С
ʱȻǿľԵһĺɫ忪ʼԭľ֮ϣڳ֮ڵȻľɹȥ޳ʱľԵڵľԵʱľȻڵ޳ĵڽ뵤ԺľܵţǱ
ڵǰڶһ˿˿ԥԥ֮㿪ʼ෴ķȥ
޳ڵȻûнԼĵ޳ľԵϢɢ˳ɢ֮ڵо˿˿ϢԼƮڵȻתǵﴦӿ롣
Ȼ޳оԼڳһŻһ㣬ָо޳˾ʹǾʹӵﴦ˳޳Ȼĳ־Σֻ˲֮޳ǿžʹȻϵˮԳ˳
ˮԱ֮Ȼ佫Լˮ޳ע˹ȥעˮԱԽԽǿңʱڵԼѾϵˣڵ㿪ʼܣǴʱѾˣֻ޳֮һˮԣˮԽ޳ڵȥͻᱻˮԪΧһ㡣
ǣڵһ˿ŭŭȻ佫ڵĻȼڵȼ֮ڵĻڵˮԳײ˹ȥǻδڵˮԪأȻһ˿ѾڵڴʱˮԪѾڿʼ˱仯ʱ޳עǳˮ
ˮԪ˲䱻ˮڱˮˮԪص˼֣ڵоԼĻѾʼһ˿˿ļڵ㲻ˮԪسײڵûưոݣ޳ĵﴦʼĴһŵĻ޳ĵﴦ֣޳˾ʹȻҪݣ޳ȻԭȻջ˵
Ȼ䵤ڳһϻڵϻһ㶣ȻڵȻ˻ڵϻĲ⣬ڵʼ׼ϻ𣬿ϻȫԽڵ
ǣ޳ΪڵȻ佫ϻ˼֣ϻİڵˣôԼ͹һˡ
ϻıڵһ˿˿һ㣬ڵûֹͣϻ
ʱ޳ȻԼϵ֮еˮԺڵȥһ˲Խڵˣڵֲһ˿ŭڵ֮вһ˿˿Ĺ棬ڻ֮ڵȻııڱı֮ǺȻϻ˹ȥϻ޳Ŀ֮ȻҲڵ˹ȥʱ޳Ѿһ˿˿ŭû뵽ڵȻ˵ĹԼ޳ȻĽϻǿʱ޳ڵһЩϾʱڵѾԼĿ֮ˡ
Ȼɫڵڽڵͬʱ޳һ˿˿ڵʱڵѾоϻǿһ㣬ڵ˿˿޳Ȼɫעڵ֮С
ֻʱǻڵ֮ϣһɫƿ֮ɫʼĽڵڣڵɫĽ󣬺ȻоԼڲĻһıƻš
޳Ҫ£Ȼһǣʱ޳Ȼˣû뵽ʱ澹ȻֹԼôĻ϶Լ˼
ôˣ޳ʵ
ڵĺľǵˮĻ𡣡εĿ޳˵
ʱ޳ŻȻԭȻ޳ʱԭԼϻӽڵ𼣵ʱڵȻֹͣ˽
޳Ҳһ취Ըڵһʼ޳ľڵڿˣǿڵ
Ǿʱ༧ü΢΢һ壬Ϊʱ༧ѾоǽᾧⲿѾһɹɵЩ޳Ȼ޳ڵϢЩоǣʱԼҲԼйģµǽʱ޳ô޳ͬʱܵ


1802 ֮
ʱ༧оһĲȻ༧һֲ죬ֲ༧оһ˿Ŀ־壬ᾧȻᾧܹطסǣڵ޳ڵܵһӰ޳ܵӰ죬޳ʱܵӰ죬ô޳ⲿͬʱ
ǣ༧еĶ̽΢΢̧һ֣༧Ѿ׼
ʱ޳˫΢΢ţ֮һɹ޳ĵﴦ΢΢ĽϹڵȻǽһδʤֽ֮ȥ
ڵȻɫһ˿־壬ɫƺڵƵе޳оһ˿ԤУһֱȥڵƱػһ淴Ļ޳Ӳڵʱ޳΢΢Ľɫڵгһ˿ڵıȶʱ޳Ȼ֮ת֮תʱ޳ü΢΢һǽֳ޳ü֮䣬֮һǽ֮С
֮֮󣬺Ȼǽһĳ֣ڽ֮޳΢΢˼ֻ֣޳巢һֽɫĹââ޳Ϲȫѹȥѹȥ֮޳оԼ屻һ泩ţڳ֮޳ĵﴦ΢΢˰ɫĹâ
ǰɫĹâ΢΢ķɢţʱ嫵Ǻһ㣬ǰ׹ⱻĴķɢţڷɢ֮ǹâһıڻڵɫâȻǽɫĻȻţ޳ü΢΢һ壬ԭڵѾԼҪ޳΢΢ĽˮԵڲǵﴦһ˿˿ˮԪصԭıڵʼ滺޳һԾĿڵڵԼĴһȻȻŻ棬ǻԵĽˣ޳һķġ
ǣ޳ʼϵĹӨ֮⵽ڲʱ޳ĵڳŸı仯š
ǰɫĹߴʱڵ֮ƣɢİ׹⿪ʼ޳ĵ޳΢΢ɫע뵽ǰ׹֮ڣע뵽׹֮ں޳һĽţڽǸֵֹ޳ﴦ˿˿ʹ
СӣҪôļ޳Ķߴ޳ԭڼеĶķǰɫĹȻڻţ֮ɫĹâѾǰɫĹâһһ˲ǰɫĹâɢɫĵ״壬ɫ忪ʼһɢ
ǣ޳ڵһĿǰɫߵĲλĲλڵĵطʱ޳ǽĿڵ޳ڿڵһ˲䣬ڵû̫ҵķ޳沿һ˿΢Цڸ༧Լһаһ
༧޳ı飬һ˲ԭŵĳһ˿ο
ڲؼʱ̣ҪģڵһҪעˡȻ˵ʾ޳һ˵潫ĹâȫƵ޳֮ϣ޳оһصԼϺ޳Ƶ֮ϵǿʢ˼֡
ǿ˼֮޳ڵɫâĲλƶȥ޳ڵʱڵһֱ֮˳ʱ޳תֵ֮֮֮Ѿ޳岻ܵһ˿ľţܵţ֮ͻԼرգرպ޳Ҳʧһ޳һʼǲ֪ģѾͨ޳ͨţڵʱ뱨޳Ļô޳ܵ
޳ü΢΢һȻǿڵڽڵ֮޳ǿڵȥ֮ڣǾʱڵȻĻʢʢ֮޳ԸоǶôǿ󣬿ǿı޳֪ʱʲôеڵڵںĿ޳΢΢һавá
ΪǻѾ޳ڵϢȼչȥȼ֮޳оԼڿٵʧţʧ֮޳ڵע뵽棬ע֮޳ȻԼϻڵг˳Ϊʱ޳Ѿýڵ׼Լ棬ôԼҲпܱҲûϵģǣʱ޳ȴ˳е㲻⣬沢û˵Ϊʱ治޳Ϊ¶
ǣ浣ģ޳˳ڵʱȻĽô޳ûиõİ취Ըڵһ˽һִ򹦿һʱ޳ߴôζ޳
ʱÿ˶Լ˼·Դʱ沢û˵޳ģȻ޳ûе޳ȷȽ㣬һ滹ǱȽϿ϶ģֻʱ޳˳滹˿ġ
޳ƺҲ˿ģ޳ڵ֮עһǿʱڵװһ棬һƿӣֻƿ޷飬ע֮ڵҲѾ޳ͼڵҲԼΨһϣ
ֻڵ֮һϹ⿪ʼڵˣĳڵĻȴԽԽͣ޳ȻڵԼеô壬޳ڵҲһ˿ˡ
ǾʱϹѾȫıˣϹⱻȫĳ֮޳ȻоԼĵʲôȻһ㣬޳üͷһʱ޳ѾڵȻڹԼԼԭڵھȻȫʧˣ޳ȻһԼʧڵӵĲޱȣ޳ںûа취һ㣬Ȼ޳оһ˿ԤС
ʱ޳ؼѰʧֻڵĲû뵽Ȼڵˣ޳ʱһԼô᲻֪ڵˣʱ༧Ȼо޳ڿٵ½ţֻ༧üһ壬üһ֮༧µ鷢ˡ
⾫ڵӵž꣬ȫƷôڵеľ꽫ڵ֮вҹߣʱ༧Ѿˣڻа취޳ģǾǴʱ޳еȫ⣬ǾĿǰ˵޳ڲܸо
㱼޳½˼֣༧ںżǣ༧ֲܴ޳ʱ޳ô޳Ϊɢ½ĸӿ죬༧ֻܿ޳½
ʱȻԼȫע뵽޳棬ע뵽޳֮


1803 벻
Ű취һֱȥ˵ᱻľ
ʱڵâǴ˼֣Ȼ޳Ǿʱ޳ϾȻʾһ˿Цݣвһ˿죬ֲ֮Ȼ˹ԭ޳׼ֻ޳ѾˮԽᾧڵյԽ࣬ôڵڵˮԪԽ࣬ڵ֮оͻᱻˮԪؿƣһ̶֮ڵƲЩڵƲô޳ˮԪؽ
濴Ŵʱ޳΢΢һЦû뵽޳Ȼ׼ɼ޳Լֽһע뵽޳ڣڽע뵽޳֮ĵĿ޳
Ȼʱ޳ȴһı飬޳ԭ޳ֻǽˮԪصڵﴦֹڵܣǵ֮ڵﴦתʱȻȫմȾˮԪأԴʱеȫˮԪأ޳ԿˮԪأڵԼԼҲ£ΪԼ棬ֻҪû֣ôԼڽԶԶϵ
ֻʱ޳΢΢һЦڵѾһ˿ĲԾԴʱڵȻеţΪԼڲ³ôԼ˲ȥڵһֿ־ĸоڵеڱţʱ޳һɹ»ҲԼڴţ޳˿ˣϾ洫ԼһЩ϶ͬ⣬ǴʱԼȴӵô޳˸ˡ
ʱԼо»ص޳ڣ㽫Լǵ޳ϳʱ޳ȻǹоԼ޳ĵһ޳׼ڵԱûȥ޳ǣ޳ֹͣеʱȥ޳ֽ΢΢о죬һ˲˹
ðСӣȻʱ͵ȥҵ˵沢ûȥ޳ֻǾĿ޳ʱ׼Ӧ޳ϳֵͻ
ڵе³֮󣬺ȻоԼĻ֮Ǵʤ˼֣ڵֿʼ޳޳ʱ΢΢һЦȻԼĵﴦޱȵʹ࣬޳оڵĶ޳͸ҿ϶һܹڵˣΪڵ˻֮ûбˡ
ֻ޳ԭ۵Լĵ֮ڣڻ۵֮ڣ޳Ȼ佫赽Լĵڲ޳ĵͲᱻڵˣ޳΢΢һЦʵ޳ãܹԼĵһԽסȡߣȻ޳֪治ʱȡ޳ڵɺ޳Ͳұ֤ˣ޳ѾתƵԼˡ
ĽأֻܴԼĵﴦҪˣǣԼĵﴦҪǲܵġ
ʱڵѾȫ˷Ľ׶Σ޳ŷڵҡҡͷڵڽڵԺ޳ٿʼڵ֮ڵڼķߣֻ޳֮ȫĿڵСһȻĴײôҲӲӡ
ʱ޳Ѿʹﵽ֮ϲ޳һ˿ϲãֻ޳Ὣȥʱ֮֮ڵڵʱܣǣڵѾ֮ˣ޳ĵĽ˻
ֻڵ֮϶˿ʼֻʱڵķûһ˿ЧֻǷ֮һڵȡԼڣڵȴһֱţʱ֮гһĹߣǹ߷ΪɫɫĳڵȻѾ֮֮ʱѾ֮ˡ
ֻ֮ڵţڲ֮Ȼһ⻮˹ڵоһƬǱ֮׹ȥʱ֮ڣһһˣһһص޳Ҳоһ˿棬ֻڵ֮Ӵһ˲䣬ڵԭĻһ㣬ֻǻһĹںڵš
ȻڵȻĳ˱ը޳Ȼһһɾʹ޳ʱ޳ȻһѪʱ޳ֻоԼĵﴦһɹɵؿƮɢţ޳赲޳Լܽ赲Ϊ̫ǿ
˲о޳ڲı仯ԴʱѾˣʱȻǣ֮
Ȼڲһٵл۶ȥֻڸ֮ܵȻ޳֮ڣڽ޳ڲԺȻ֮赲֮Ͽճһᾧᾧǿ赲赲ԺȻĳ֮ڲֻڵǿĴѹȥ
޳оһʸУڵҲʼתֻʱҲ֮ڲ˳ڳ֮ڵһıֻֻ޳һɫĹâ֮
ԭƽһû뵽޳Ȼû֮ѵ޳ΪԼڵ
ڵѾһıֻ󣬱һС㣬ɫĽǹȻıһɫʱ֮Ȼʧ֮ʧ˵Ѿˣʱ޳ĵ֮ڳһɫâڵ޳Լоһ˿棬û뵽ڵԺȻôǿ޳оԼĵﴦγɣǾʱ޳Ȼ˫ۡ
༧޳Ȼ˫ۣȻһǻûȿ˵༧ȻоһѾעԼڣ༧һϤҲһ˿İֻھǣ޳Ϊνע뵽ԼڣѾԼĵڽ༧ĵ֮Ȼʼ༧༧оһǿԼγɡ
ת֮༧ڸоԼʮ༧ͷһϲʱ༧ĵﴦһɫˮһγˣ༧ţһɫϢ༧֡
޳༧͵תǣ޳ԼһϢ֮޳༧


1804 а
޳ע뵽༧Ժ󣬿༧ʱ༧΢΢ǹ֮༧΢΢۾༧۾Ժ󣬿ʱ޳ѾʵôĻɹ𣿡
ԼоոǾڵѾ˲𣿡޳༧˵
ʱ༧ȻһԭոսԼڵľȻ޳ڵ༧һ˲еһ˿棬֮༧¶һ˿ϲã༧Ϊʲô޳ڵԼ޳ôԼҲܺߣҪЩĹ
Ϊʲôڵң༧ֱʵΪⲻһС£༧ֱʵ
ΪʲôǾԼ飬Ҳ̫࣬˵ҲȽãô㽫ܺƽ֣Ҳ׷ɱ޳˵
༧һʱû뵽޳ȻΪԼ룬ԼȴĶ༧вһ˿Σ֮༧кȻһ䵭
Ȼվ༧֮תתȻֹͣת޳ʱѾо仯޳ʱĿ༧ʵôˣ
ҲǷ̫࣬ο֪ҵ˼㲢û˵ҲǷʲô˵ֻ༧һֵӡᣬӡ༧Ĳֻӡʱ򣬺Ȼ޳һĨ༧ֵӡȥ
˵ҲǷ̫࣬òҪֹңҪȻ㿴༧˵Ŷ̽ѾԼĲϣǶ̽ɢźɫĹâ༧Ĳš
Ǻοأ޳ʵ
Ǵʱ༧Ѿֻһ༧ϳֻ֣ʱǽᾧ֮һײ޳Ȼһָֻƽݣ༧ܣʱ༧һʼ͸оΣϢڳˡ
ĳԭ˵ڿȥֻڿȥⲿȻûʲôƶ˾ǣԺδ
Сӣԭһأʵȴ˿Ц
ʲô޳׵ʵ
ȻвõĶ濴޳ʵ
ʦʲôأвʲôʱİˣڸոʱǸоʦ塭޳˵
ʲô㾹Ȼİˣ澪ʵһ˿رľȡ
԰ʲô޳ʵ
治֪ԼǸÿ޻ǸЦڵȻǼƷڵǶ޳˵һõģû뵽Сô󷽵ľˣ޳ҪôǣҪôǸɵӡ
ðɣ˾˰ɣҲ̫ƷĶƵ˵
ôʦ壿޳ʵ
ʱ޳Ĳ֪ԺηۿԼѰҲ޷Ѱҵ޳еһ˿֡
ʱ뵽ʦˣոհ˵ʱôʦ尡˵
ǸоѾʦˣǵСһҪҪⲻǿʦ𣿡޳ʱЦ˵
⻰ȻһЦСӣͻˣƤӣȻѾʦҲڶʣҵľһ˿֣֮кҲ˼ʲô˵
޳ĻȻһû뵽澹ȻҲ֪ԭ޳ͻȻоһ˿졣
ʱǴ˼֣һۼģҲһ壬ȺжȻҲô壬⻹޳һ
ֻʱ༧ԵĽᾧȻһ˿˿ѺۣѺ༧һı󣬿ڳѺԺǽᾧһԭһ˿ŵָֻһ
ǣ취ҵķߵʱ򣬺Ȼһ޳סˣ޳ȻĳԾû뵽Ȼ֪ĽԼˣ޳Ĳܶˣʱ༧ȻһΪʱ༧ûпκӽ޳ڻΪȫĽᾧ档
ʱ޳о֮ʲôһ㣬Լĸ첲ϲţʵ޳ȫɫߣһ˿޳ûɫ湥塣
ֻʱ޳΢΢һЦ΢΢һЦ֮ȻĻʢǻֵʱȻ˻ȥ޳ϸоκεĶڣ޳ڲܸоⶫϢԴʱ޳ҲȷҲûС
޳ǽᾧȻϲ˹ȥڲ֮޳༧ЦЦ˵һǰȫˡ
֪ʲôˣ༧޳
޳ĵ˵ͷ˵ȷҸоĹﲢߣ֮ǸоôߣΪһ壬ҶԸҲܼ򵥡
༧޳ŵı飬֪Ϊʲô༧˿ЦһĪĶ༧С
ôԸǣ༧ʵ
޳û˵ȻԾգԾ֮޳Ȼ·ȥһɫĹ߳ڵϣǵϵĳ׷ɣڳ׷У޳оһ屻ԼУǣ޳һ
֮޳ص˽ᾧ棬༧˵Ѿʧˣкʱ˹עǡ
⻰༧֮Ҳһ˿ͬУΪ༧޳ڵʱѾһ˿ڹעˣ༧Ȼ޳ҲĸоȻǲǶĴڣ༧һ˿档
ѵǡȻ༧вһ˿־塣
ʲô޳༧ı˵
а༧૵˵
аʲô޳ʵ
аǰ˵һľľܹԼûܹǣɻҲǻһ㲻ṥˣһṥࡣ༧˵
£޳æʵ
Ǹолʱǻ᲻һеĹǴлԵˡ༧˵
ѾϢ޳ʵϢؿ˵ǧۻҲһܹ֣ο⿴ʵôǿа
ΪаϢ࣬ǸĲңǴ֮ͻ༧˵ʱ޳ΪʲôЩаܹԼ
ʱ޳΢΢о˵ϵһ㲨ֲ޳ϿȥֻǳڳһĺۼǺۼڳ˵ĺۼСһڵţȻС޳Ƿǡ
ڷǵĺۼԺ޳ȻһϲΪʱ޳Ѿ˶Ըаķǣ༧¶һ˿־塣


1805 а
ȻаȥʵǳСȴһܣһصɴ
ʱ༧һֿ־֮¶˳ڿ־֮¶֮޳΢΢༧ȥֻ޳༧ı֮޳ϸһ˿֮ɫаʵȥĺСǷɢһΨһľǾҲǾԵֻҪϸĹ۲죬ܹаټģ޳Ŵʱ༧ı飬񲢲ô򵥵ӡ
ѵһЩû˵޳༧ʵһĨĨɻ¶˳
аô򵥡༧޳ص༧㽲а顣
аһֵȻϿȥСǵǿĵʱľͻȻıֱǼ򵥵͹һͬʱ֮к壬֮һ壬ʱĸǳĿֲ
ǳǿҲǳĴֳֻģı廹жѰһӣɽǣû뵽ھȻ棬༧оܲ졣
ʱ޳Ѿаô£޳ܿ˿ֻаȻڰƶţȻ֮ǰ༧а༧ֵĲаıа༧ֲˣʱаıҲڿ޳༧ˣֿ˸оһֲԴʱ޳΢΢Ϣ֮㿪ʼ˼ԸȻϿȥԼв̫ΣգǣҪϮԼôԼû׼עᱻɵ
Ǵʱ޳֣Ȼܳ㣬ôԼβ㽫Լǰ﹥ԼԼҲԾȥɱǧۻ߾ȳ룬޳ЦЦ˵а취
ֻʱ༧΢΢޳˵ǲǰ
޳ֵĿ༧ǿ༧ı޳Ѿ֪вͨ޳ʱѾ׼Ҳ޳һֲԤУ༧ı޳Ȼûм޳༧ıŸоаǿ
ѵûսİ취𣿡޳༧ʵ
༧ҡҡͷû˵аһֻԣƱػὫɣеаȫɱҲаµĵطֿ²ھ棬޳һˣôҪȴһ˵ľʼ򲻵һ˵ľôǴ򲻰˵ģ㣬һӵĶ
޳Ѿоаƶˣ޳ܿȥΧһŵľޱȸߴ󣬶ľȫǻ棬Ѭɣ澹Ȼ˻ҶҶƺƽҶûʲô𣬿ǣ޳ϸȥҶ֮ϾȻȼ˿˿ϸ𣬶ϸÿȼһʱͻһ͵Ҷ棬ҶҲ޳˿˿ĺ档
Ǿ޳֮ʱȴľȻԼƶˣȻϿȥûʲô仯ǵ޳ϸ۲ʱ޳ڷеİаѰ֮аͻһĿᱻһɡ
ʱаѾĳ޳ǰֻ޳ȻϹֻ޳һɫаȥȴڿбޣ޳ȻһȻ飬޳Ȼһֻ֮һ޳򿪣Ȼ˻һ˲ᾧ޳
޳༧ȻһھȻϮԼ޳е㲻˼飬ǿű޳òȻ㿪޳༧һзȥʱ޳Ȼа̫˷ʱ䲻һ֮޳Ȼзȥֻ޳ҪʱȻ޳˫Ⱥʲôסһ㡣
ֻ޳ԭȻԾĶȻ͵ͣһ£Ȼ޳ݺݵصϣ޳󱳲ҵʹǾ͵޳ո֮ʱԭаȻַ˻Ǵʱ޳û취ܣֻһӰ޳ǰǺӰеĶ̽Ȼһڹת֮ɫһɢǣϻûȫɢһ༧ϣ༧˲оһ㡣
޳ȻһĨˮע뵽༧棬༧һ˿֮д˳ת˿޳ʱ޳Ҳһ˿֣Ϊʲôᾧûбᾧ赲ֱԼϮ˹޳ֵı飬༧εЦЦ
ôˣ޳༧ʵ
û£Ȼϻǲû̫ء༧޳ش
ΪʲôɫûбֱϮǣ޳૵˵һ㡣
ᾧȻ޷ֹԼ㷢а˲ֵ˻Ȼǿ󣬿ǣȴܹǿҲа֮༧ش
Ϊʲôһʼû˵޳ֵʵ޳˵༧һʼȻ˵аһЩ飬ؼһȴû˵ⲻ޳˿⡣
азֻǵ죬ԼֵĻʺСû뵽ֻܹ༧ε˵
⻰޳һа죬޳û뵽ﾹȻҲ죬޳ܿȥ޳ûзرаȥаһѵ棬޳
аҲֻ˵ô࣬ȻǺиɻҸоÿһﶼԼȱ㣬аҲһֻǻûзֶѡ༧Ŵʱ޳ο
޳˵ͷʱ޳Ȼ棬϶֪а飬ֻ޳ڻ֪ΪʲôΪʲôʾԼʲôܲƽʱԸ񰡡
ʦ壿޳΢΢ؽе
޳΢΢̧Ƶʵôˣ
޳صһЦ±˵ɱܹʲôʵаûеôǿֻ㹻ܳɹ
ɵı飬޳о֪ʲô취һǲϸԼ޳оһ˿ʧʧ޳Ȼ棬о޳Ŀһ˿أǣ沢û˵ʱ濴а˵ĺöԸû뵽޳Լ
૵˵úúöһˡ
⻰ֺ˵޳һ


1806 ޿κ
޳Ļεҡҡͷǻ͵͵ʵĲ˵
˵˵ֺ㴹
޳ıеЦû뵽澹ȻһǴʱ޳һǿγɣ޳üһһĨ֮ɫ¶˳ֻ޳ɫâ˳
СӣҸ㣬Ҫа죬ҪȻ鷳ˡ̧˵ֻ˵仰֮΢˫ֻۣһӨ֮ƿ
޳仰Ȼ𾪣аѾԼ¹澹ȻԼ޳һ˿ԼȻ޷Ϯа죬Ҳܱа۸
ֻʱ޳ᾧⲿаѾʼѹǽᾧһˮεĲڽᾧγɣаԽԽ࣬޳΢΢һԼ쵽һÿаģамλһҵɢţ޳еһ˿˿𾪣ΪʱѾʼĴӣԼɢʱ򣬱а֦Ҷţа֮һƬƬҶȻ֮ɫ޳аɵȻһ
ʱаѾصаıϣڻص֮аȻ޳ľ棬޳Ѿܹ쵽ˣĲ޳֮⣬޳ò¿ôԸаֻʱ༧һźɫ޳Ȼתȥֻʱ༧Ѿս׼
ȱ𼱣ȵȿ޳༧˵
༧û˵޳֮ϾǾ棬ᾧٱаѹȥƽ⣬ǸʱٳֿѾˡ
༧ʱеĶ̽΢΢Ӷ޳Ҳ༧Ļֱöֹ̽κεķ༧ʱŻѡ񹥻ֻ޳оʱΪаа棬вͻṥа죬ĻôĻͻʵҲ༧޳鷳
ʲôȥа͵ĹԼʱǽӵı༧޳˵
޳˿༧û˵Ǿʱ༧ĺڹȻ𣬱ĳȻſ༧ſʱ޳Ȼһ༧֪ʱĳѾ˫޳Ȼһʱ༧ҲоԼֻǺ޸оԼȻһȼ༧ȫ޳ڵתע뵽ԼﵽЧ
༧˿޳΢΢һЦ޳ʱҲ༧Ϊڵԭ޳ڲû˵ʱ༧ȻԾаȥ༧Ӱһһам䴩аȻ뽫༧ס༧ٶȹ죬аƲ༧
޳ֻһ紩֮һŵаȥаڵȥ֮Ȼ䱬ըҶĻ緢ʱᾧ֮ͬһ㣬޳ٿ༧ӰʱֻӰڻϿƯţеĶ̽źɫĹâ༧ȥ˿죬Ǵʱ޳༧ǰһÿаˡ
༧΢΢һһ֮аƶٶȻļӿ죬ֻ˲аѾ༧ԣ༧סһӿаڵ֮ʲô༧ϸȥֻԭڵϵĻʧЩոӿаҵţ༧е㾪棬аʱ༧ǻеĶ̽ȥ༧Ϯ֮аȻûܵһ˺
ʱ༧ŴаϷһεκˮûܵһ˿˺а༧Ȼоһ˿
ʱȻһ༧Ϯ༧۾գ̽ȻǹȻ༧ȴ˼ףֻ༧û¶֮ɫΪ༧ûȫֵ
һʼ༧оǹԼϮϮ֮༧ֻ΢΢ĵֵһ£Ȼ༧о̫ǿҲףҲûȫԼ
ʱ༧΢΢¿ȥֻ·ȻһɫĹâǹâĳаһʧ༧ʧаȻһȫ༧Ԥ֮У༧ֻܾаʧʱ༧֪аĿʲô
޳Ӧһʧа޳΢΢üͷһĨԤвѵ˵ʵ
ðɣ׼սɡ˵
ѵ༧Ѿаˣ޳ʵ
΢΢ͷ۾֮һĨ۵˳֮޳һȻ֮޳Ҳһ˿潫ôߣ޳Ѿˣа϶Ⱦ
ǣ޳ڲ֪ʲô취Ըа죬аȻʧţǴʱаȴվһ޳лῴаλã޳΢΢΢΢֮޳濴ȥֻаλãһÿаʧˣʧ֮ʧĵطһ㣬ڿƮţλƮ˹ȥ
ʱ޳Ѿ㣬޳Žһϻش˹ȥǵ޳ȥ֮޳ķھȻ޷һᾧҲᾧȻĳ޳΢΢һ
޳༧һۺĻص˵棬ʱϿһǿķ紵ˣ޳һ˲о쫷ǿңھȻûһ취Ըǿķ磬޳ֻûص֮ϡ
ʱ쫷봦Ȼһ˳˳֮һ׵Ĳ봦֣һǿȻ޳༧ѹ˹ͬһһ㣬޳༧ǰͷȻĴţ޳΢΢оһ˿
˵ˣҪа죬û뵽ǡ̾˵
ʦҲ޷Ըа𣿡޳ʵ
а첻֮ڣֲڰٵ֮䣬Ȼ㲻ǿᣬĹȴأǰĿǰаҲͣʱûа취˵޳ģ޳Ѿ֪沢ûڿЦ
޳Ļ֮а쿴ȥ컹û޳˿Ϊʲô֮´ôôǧۻôͳģ
޳ԵĲǧۻߣԴʱ޳ֻרĵĶԸ⼴ֵа졣
ǣʱ޳һȻԼڻԾ


1807 ֮
֮޳оһ˿֣޳ֵʱ༧ȻĲһ£޳༧ȥʱ༧֮һŻһֻ޳ޱȣǺɫĻƮһֻֻһƮһ˿˿༧֮ɢ
޳˲оʱ༧һʧʧԺ޳о༧һŵڵϢе֮ʱ޳΢΢һ༧Ȼ༧һʹı鸡˳Ǿʱ޳ȻоԼںҲһ˿Ǻɫ
⣿޳˵һ˿˿ɢȥ
аɢ֮ɫ޹⣬ܹ˲佫ɢȥ˵ʱ濴޳ʹıҲһ˿żΪаȻһɢ޳а֮󣬿޳ٵʧ
Ϊʲôаû˲ɢҵһģ޳Ļʵ˵һôʱԼѾʧˣʱ޳֣ɫȻɢԼ޳ܹоɫҲһʧʧĺɫٻصа޳Ȼһʱ޳һϣһ㡣
ʱ༧Ҳ༧ȻеӿɫǺɫڿһ˲䣬Ȼɫ˻ȥ༧оһ˿ľ棬ɫ޳ԼڵɫȻҽӴڵ༧Ȼֻǲ²⣬༧ɫԸа˼
ʱ༧޳ڵ޳ΪǺɫʹ࣬༧΢΢һɫע뵽޳棬ע뵽޳֮޳оϺȻһ˿˿ˬ֮Уָо޳ʧȥһ˿ʹ࣬ʱ޳ɫע֮ǺɫȻʧˣ޳Ȼһϲѵɫɫ
༧޳۾˵ͷʱ˾Ȼڲ䷢飬Ǵʱ༧ҲǸոã༧ڿҲ̫ϤѿԲǺɫռԼ޳壬༧ĳɫ֮޳ƶȥ
Ȼ˱ȽϺΪʲôɫܹɫ˵ȷǺɫϮˣ޳̧ͷ봦ʱȻķǵѾʧˣʧ֮аҲѾˣٲ֮ǵԭľʱȴԵ˿յ޳Ѿ֪аѾˣֻԼ༧ѡ
ʱ޳ȻоԼı͵Ϯһ㣬оֺ޳Ȼ룬ֻǴʱ޳һ˿ĲԣΪ޳沿һ˿ţ༧ѾⲢ޳Լģһקקһֻ޳Ϯ˹ȥϮԺǻ澹ȻƾгһֻֻǺһССĻһ
С֮޳ȻȣǺȫǻ𣬿Ǻ۾ȴǺɫģǺɫ۾ţ޳ʱֻһ뷨Ѫɡ
޳ţǺѾ޳Ƥϣ޳оȻһʹԼƤϱĳֶȥһ㣬ʹ֮޳оһȸвԼļڱҵѬţѬ֮޳Ѿоһ˿˿ѪҺʧ޳һ޳ȷԭѪ
޳Ҳû׼޳Ľɫע뵽ѪҺ棬ע뵽֮ǺѪҺһȡԼڣ޳ȻһϲȻ޳Ϲ𣬴ʱɫĻѾ޳ڰ֮ǿҵϻѾǻˣ޳ѾקĽӴ˵档
а켴޳ʱǻڱ޳Ѿˣһ㾧Өİ׹аȥֻǻһı仯ţһʧڿУʱаڹ޳һ˲䣬ǻ֮ѾصԼϣڻصԼһ˲䣬һȻ˳аѾܵ˹⹥޳עѪҺɫ
ʱ޳صһЦ޳ƻѾɹһ֮޳ȻоԭקʱȻľ޴Ȼ޳˦˰գ޳Ȼʧȥʧȥģʧȥ֮޳ֻоԼƮƮƮȥ޳оƮƮʱȻֽԼ˦һ˲֮޳ȥغ޳оԼ񱻿һ㣬ȻʱûԼƮĸо޳θһڡ
޳ȻûҵԴͷ޳ûԴͷһ㣬ƾնڿƮ޳һ˿գǴʱ༧ȻӶ̽һ˿ڶ֮̽вڲ֮༧Ȼ޳ȥֻ༧㳵ܼ֮޳ȻоԼſһ㣬Դʱ޳Ҵǻδ޳һοס޳
޳ٴα֮һ˿˿ŭԼвѵԼţ޳Ȼа죬б³һս
޳һöûеԶȥ޳۾гһ˿ʧǾʱ޳ȻԼһһŦŦϵԼĽڵ㣬޳һɫĻ֣ڳֵͬʱ޳ȻŦϮȥɫڷɵһʱȻͣ˹ķ˿һ޳вһֲԤС
ֻ޳ָоող֮ɫȻԼϮ˹޳ھȻˣ޳ûһ˿ã޳Ȼı˫ۣԼȻ޷ܣôԼֻܿˣʵ޳׼Ϊ޳֪аܹԼ޳ʹõ̫
Ǿʱ༧еĺڽת˼֮ǻ澹ȻʧӰ٣Դʱ޳΢΢˫ۣĵ༧ȥڿ༧ʱ޳΢΢һЦԼǷ༧ʲôһ
Ǿʱ༧Ȼ׹ȥ޳ʱѾ֪༧Ѿˣ޳вûеģȻһϲ༧Լ༧ڵɫǱȽģ˵ֻаá
ֻȻ༧קһ˲䣬༧ɫĻȻʢεȻʧ༧Ȼʧȥ˿һ㣬ݺݵȥ
ֻ˲֮༧סԼ壬Ȼе޳


1808 
༧ſ޳ʱ޳Ȼţڿһʱ޳ȻȴĿΪ̫ǿ󣬶Ϊ˿죬ֹ޳һϾ޳û޳Ȼо˵ǶԵģӦа죬Ѿˣ޳ʱаҲһ˿ȤȻܹεĽԼ
ʱ༧ȻԾֻ˲䣬һӰͣ޳ߣֻ༧ʱڱͬʱ༧Ƴһ˿˿ĳֺ༧һ߳ˣǹ޳ȥ˿˿Ĺ߽޳ˣڽ޳֮޳һɫⷭӿڷӿ֮ǿ޳Ȼʧȥ˶޳Ŀơ
޳ȻоԼָɣǱϻͬһջشϮȥʵ޳Ҳ֪ٵķӦֻܻܲ޳оĻӦܹһ޳ȥ֮ѾʧĲӰ޳оԼĻҪѶԸ͹졣
ֻ޳༧ԭע뵽ԼڵɫѸٴ˳ȥһڱȥ֮޳Ȼоɫڿкҵķһʱ䣬ûла죬ʱ޳֣аĳˣ޳ȷǲаֻ޳оһ˿˿Ĺ޳ƶϳаֺȴͻȻʧ
޳ü΢΢һ޳оϷˣԼһ㣬޳һŭ֣Ͼа첻һڰԼ޳̫ǾΪˣǴʱ޳ҲɫͻẦ飬޳ͬףɫֻǾڵڵȻ˿ǿ󣬵ǻû˸оͺµĵز޳иӵĺˡ
޳Ŀ༧Ҫ༧õһ༧ͬã޳༧ʱҲ֪
ǣʱ޳ѾٿˣΪһ޳༧Ϯ޳༧ȻĳԾΪ˲֪Դͷ֪ɫԼϮᷢʲô
ֻһڽӽ޳Ժ޳ȻĳԾɫԼ̫Ϥˣ˵޳ھǱ۶֪ʲôǾ֮֮Ȼ֪ʱа췢֮ĳҲȻľ棬Ͼ֮Լ⣬޳ᣬǴʱ޳ԼԼôܷ֮޳
˿˿ľȣǾ֮˼ʲôʱа͵ߵģȻĳ޳ҲǾȡ
ֻʱȻ˹׹ԺҲһ˿־壬ٴ޳壬ô޳Ĺа콫ѧ޳Դʱ浣εĽеȫѧߡ
޳ʱĵҲ飬Լбѧ˹ô˽ֹԼ֮Ϯ޳Ѿһ㣬޳ڽĿΧ
ʱ༧ҲһƬã֮༧ֻ޳ϿͻȻĳ༧˿棬Ǻ༧ȻһֻɣǾа᲻͵ȥ
ֻаɣǰûм༧޳ʵҪ⿪һݡ
޳΢΢ĵ˵ͷ˵ֻ˻ᣬһңһǡ
᲻Ǹ˹ǣпֻܲаԼ༧޳û˵껰ʱ˵һĨĵȴڵȴ޳Ĵһ
޳ȴЦЦ༧˵һܣаĹ
޳˵ʱ򣬺ȻǹѾ˸ӵĿˣȻ㿪зȥ֮һλûվȣ֮Ϯ˶һۺȻâʤײ֮ԼһֱܵĻô֮ͻһֱԼǴʱŹâȻ֮޳Ҫһ쫷ϴһ㣬ֻ޳֮ײȥ
Ȼһǿɢȥɢ֮󣬵˲䳾ԭûκľĵ˲䳾׷ɣһȻɢţһ˿ҲϯŷԶ
ʱԶԶĿȥ޳ķһȻȻ⳾ӰĹâȻǿǿԺֵ֮֮ûֹһȻ޳༧Ϯʱ޳Ҳһ˿˿ɻΪʲô֮ԼĲٿ²׷ٵˣаȴܹаô֮Ȼһֱĳš
֮޳оԼڵֵ֮ĽȻļţڼ֮޳оʱ֮ڶԼ˺ţʱҲѾо޳½༧ʱҲһ˿˿½״ʱȴûа취Ըа죬ֻܿٵ˵ֻڽ޳ֺ֮ܿʧ޳ĹȦڿٵš
ʱ޳еŭԽԽң뵽а쾹Ȼڻʱ޳ֻое춼ôļթ޳Ȼ֮ڵɫת޳뵽֮Ȼǿ󣬵ǸԪضУԪԶرĸߣ޳Լɫ潫֮ȥǵ޳ոתʱԶһɫĹȻ޳޳΢΢һԼϤǾԼʹõɫ
޳༧е棬֮ȻĽҲˣû뵽ɫ澹ȻҲ˷˹޳༧ȻֵľоֳıҲȻ˫֣˫ڿһӣֻһӯ֮Ʈ˳ӯ֮޳ɢȥɢ֮޳༧ֳһĽᾧᾧһ㣬ᾧγһֽᾧ󣬾ҲĺСˣԸ޳༧һʱ䡣
˿ᾧĳֲɵһϲ˻ûļ˵ʱֻһ⴫˳Ȼһ༧ޱȵϤ༧Ǻɫ̽ϵϢϢʱǳдϢ쳣Ūһ罫ǳȥڴȥȻʱǳ֮һѰѺɫĶ̽׼ˣǺڽɡ
Ƕֲ̽˵ܺ¡


1809 ʮ
Ƕ̽͸˿˿ĺ޳༧ܺ£Ƕ̽Ȼ֮࣬޳༧о˼飬̽Ȼܱаɢô࣬޳Ȼ߶ڵ޳༧ܶ̽Ĺ༧˲ᱻ򽣴Ķָо޳˿ȫʹĸоֻʱ޳ѾǴʱ༧ûнΧ
Ϊ༧ԼĶ̽κᾧֵסģΪڽ֮һֺڰ֮ʯʣʺܹпеʹԷֻҪ̽һô̽пеİһѽͺѶԸˣа쾹Ȼ任ô࣬༧е㲻ˣʲôܹаóôĶ̽
ǣʱѾʱˣ޳༧Ψһܹľ뵽ƽôལķ༧޳ûʲôʱҲûкõķΨһķǴʱܹ̽ȫ赲ǴʱûлָҲ
ʱȻ˵Ԫأ
޳ҲȻԪܹȫתΪԣԵʱпܱԼ塣
ֻ޳Ȼ֮ǽԪȻıڳ֮޳оԼ֮˼֣Ϊ֮ȫ棬Ԫȫô֮ʧȥһֻʱ޳תȫ޳ת֮ʱ濴Ŵʱ޳˿֡
޳ڸֵĿ޳壬ĽԪѾȫ֮ϿʼתԪ޳תΪԪأ޳仰ʱĽȻһ濴ȥ
İýԪ赲̽Ľ޳׵Ŀ棬ʱߵĿ޳
汿Ǽٱ΢΢ʵ޳ĺɵһ汾ıһ˿Ц
ôʦ壿˵Ĳ˼𣿡޳ʵ
Ȼ˼뽫ȫɽôЩʹ̲壿ȻǿЦ޳˿Ц
޳û˵Ǻݺݵĵ˵ͷʱ޳Ѿ֪Լ˼ˣ޳ҲͲ˵ˣ˵ôƱػӳЦԼȻ޳ʦ壬ǳЦ޳޳ĵ˵Ͷ٣޳ڲ˵˵ȥ
ҵ˼֮ĽԣȻٿЩ̽Ƶ˵һ֣Ļúɣа죬滹治˵Ϊаһ屾Ǻܣǵ˽⻹Ƿǳ͵ģҲһֱ벻취ԭ
ʵû뵽ܹа죬ΪаǧҲܳƵһ֮ܹ˵壬˲תΪԼģҽ˵ĶŴʮ濴ǰ˶Ķֻ̽˵Լǰаܹ˵巽򱶣һʲôĸ뵽ܹͺս
ʦ壬ֲûаĹ׶ôǿǲٿع޳澪ʵǱȥһ
΢΢һЦ˵ûʦ岻ģֻҪҵģ˵
޳һȻп˿ԶôĶ̽Űɵ˵ðɣһΡ
˵޳ǽԪںϽ֮ôʹú޳ѾܹĲٿ֮ˣȻ㲻̫ܹĲٿˡ
֮ں֮΢΢˵ţ޳˵ȥ
ֻʱ޳ѾɫˣڱɫԺ޳оԼһӿ˽ǾĽԪأ潫Ԫȫע뵽޳֮ں˵ԪѾȫˣֻһλᡣ
ʱ沢ûи޳аʵ޳֮һֿ־У־л޳ʧȥģǿĶֵֽĵһ¾Ҫģ治˵аǶأ޳ʵаĺ׾ͻˣ޳Ķʱ˲٣޳ǵģ΢΢һЦ֮һ˿ʧ˳
ʱ޳ݺݵĵͷֻ޳Ȼڳʮּ״ȻһƲԪصķ޳żⲿλ֮޳΢΢޳΢΢˶֮ǽɫĽĴ޳ڳˣֻĻʱһһƽɫ޳ĸţ֮޳ȻоԼһǿĽԪڻԾš
ʱ޳ǽԪĵԼ֮ϣ֮һ޳ԭнɫ΢΢ĸ޳΢΢ĶһǽԪص㹻еĽ
ʱ޳Ʈ˹ȥ֮޳ͣԼ壬֮ͣ޳ϵĽԪؾȻڽתһ˳ȥ޳еһ˿˿ĺ棬Ψһܹ޳׵ĲٿصģǽɫĹһչȥһɫСһСߺĴţ֮޳֮һĽɫ߾ȻǶ̽ȥǶ̽ûʲô仯
ǽɫѾǶ̽棬ڲڶ֮̽޳ȻоԼѾǶ̽ӴˣڽӴԺȻôǿ޳Ȼ䣬޳оԼ崦һ޳֮ϲһǿĳ޳ûôǿ޳֮ϳһ˿˿ʹ֮ɫЩѾԼΧһ
޳ʱûзֻ޳ĹȻ˼ֺ֣޳͹һȼڼ޳ٽ㣬µΣյģΣпܻ˶ɥʧⲢûӰ޳Ϊʱ޳ҲܲаĹ
ֻ޳ȻţǽȻĳԺȻ޳Ƕ̽ý޳üļȻһüһԺǽԪزûн̽Ȼһû뵽޳ڵܽǴʱ޳ȴڳԣڳ֮޳ȻĲʱҲ״ʱ޳Ѿ͸֧͸֧ô޳ٽȥ»Σ޳


1810 а
޳Ȼҧţָо޳оȫŭ
ȻǵȻ˸˸֮޳ȻĽ̽ݺݵĿǶ̽ھȻתڳת֮޳һϲû뵽ԼȻһ㣬޳Ĳ̽ڲŶ֮̽޳Ƕ̽ıһ˿
ǽע뵽޳һ֣ȻǽԪأȴȽԪػҪһ㣬޳˿Ծ޳֪Ǿֻǿ߲žУʱ潫ע뵽Լڣ޳һԾ޳Լڣӵô޳һµĸ߶ȣ޳һϲ
һϲԺ޳е㵣Լ壬ݲôԼ˲飬뵽ķ޳һѾ뵽һ㣬ΪʱѾ޳֮עһ˿ӯ壬彫޳еǿ޳顣
޳Ȼ֮עǿƶ̽У˲佫Ƕ̽Ŀڿ֮޳һϲֻҪ޳һЩ̽ȫ飬޳ҲԼȻ༧Ķ̽飬Ƕ̽һɣǶ̽ӵһ˿˿޳Ͳ飬ȴͬʱôĶ̽ⲻ޳һϲ
༧˫üһ˿һ˿Ծû뵽޳ȻܹԼĶ̽飬ôѣ༧޳ڵж󣬴ʱ༧о޳ɱԼǾ˲飬Լͻˣ༧༧޳ӵǽ˵༧Ҳһ棬Ϊʲô޳ÿôѸͣ༧е㲻Ϊƽʱ༧ֻо޳ûôǿ󣬿ǵ޳ʱȻôǿıȻ˺Լ˵޳飬Ҳֻ˵޳ֻżӵֻżı༧޳ÿΣպһǿԴɽг֮޳Ȼ˲䱬˳
һ༧еһ˿棬Ǵʱ༧Ҳһ˿־壬п־ڽĳһ졣
ʱ޳޳ֻҪǶ̽ͻ飬Ǿ޳ʱǶ֮̽ϺȻ֣߳޳ȻоԼܵһ谭谭޳оⲿȻ޳ʱһֻ޳µǣȻԼǿϺö౶
ʱ༧Ҳü΢΢һ޳ԵȻôǿ༧е㲻Լĸоһʼ༧ֻǾ޳£ڿǹ¡
޳ڸо֮ҲоԼȾȻôС޳ü΢΢һ壬Ƕ̽ʱǶֶ̽׼޳༧Ǵʱ޳ôıⷽǷȻûбı䣬޳ǰĳһεεĺˮǣʱ޳ںһνӴ޳ĸоľλá
޳΢΢һϲ޳ֻ֪λãаĻҲûõģϾа첻ܱĵʱȻ˫ۣһ˳˿ˣΪڷаľλã֪λԺȻ˳
֮λãȻ޳Ϣһ£ֻĲٿ޳ĽԪ֮ȫص޳ڣǿȻص޳ڣ޳˲оһֲӦǹؼʱ޳ȻǾʹ֮µһ¡
ֻ֪Ϊʲôʱа죬ΪһʼʱڽԪһӵ˲޳ոյͨõģ֪аḴԼڣ츴֮Լھͳĳֻӵӵһʣӵʵ˲ٶߣԴʱ޳ץʱ乥а졣
޳Ļ֮һ£˲ѾֵԱߣֻ޳һϻ֣ʱ޳ԥĽȫȥֻһ˶ɫΧըţʱа췢˲ǵҪջʱѾˡ
ѾǶ̽ˣΪһʼ֪ǽںͽĶӴʱ䳤֮ͺͽںһˣԴʱ֪аѾûа취ˣ޳ٳ
޳ʱ㾡Ըа죬Ȼûλ޳оģôǿ֮Ƕ̽һˣʱ޳ĳһ˿˿ɫĻ棬ֵͬʱ޳Ȼһϲڰа˳
󳷣˵
޳ԭڽȻԾһ£ԭڽ澹ȻԼ˵󳷣޳еԾڼȻ˵ˣ޳泷˹ȥ
ֻ޳󳷵ʱ޳ʵΪʲô
һȻ֪ˡ˵
˵ʱаĳˣһǧһ㣬ȼţȼյͬʱ֦ȴȻţֺץһ֦ץĶһ˲ۻˡ
޳һԼʱȻڽôڿԼѾΪ˻ҽ
ô֪а޳ֵʵ
аǴǧ֮һǰ֪ĴڣҲսСӾȻܹɱеˡ
ʦ㲻ڶҰɣ޳ʵ
ûж㣬ܹɱаûм沢ûпЦ˵
һʼ˵ôֻǲҿ־尡޳ڷһʼ˵ԭ
Цһֱ֮Ϊʱа컹ûбȻа֮ͻĺСʱ򲻵òСĶнǿ߻ɱĿܡ
ֻʱ޳˿༧༧˲޳˼ֻ༧Ȼչ˫ᣬ˫չԺ༧һɫһаȥǶ̽ڿȻĻӶаڻӶ֦Ѿϣڿȥаֻʣһȼյɡ
ֻ༧ȻӶ̽ɴȥǶ̽ڹ΢΢֮༧ȻǶ̽̽а
ǻȻ˸ԺȻϨˡ


1811 ڵ
аȻ֮󣬹âϨˣ޳ǰһвһѵԼɱˣ
ʱ༧еĶ̽ڿ΢΢ӶºʧĹףȻ޳ʵѵˣ
޳Ҳһ˿ɣȻ޳濴ȥֻʱ΢΢ϢһĨ˼֮Ȼɢˣֻɢ֮Ȼü£һֲĸоͷоа첢ô򵥵ȥϾǵһμа죬ҪҲǴǧ֮еһлɱа顣
ǧеﶼֻųֻ֣صĳ֮еﻹһռ֣ڳ֮ıǲģ濴ϸûܱܶﶼھֻ֮󻹻ϣа첻аǴûбԴʱҲ֪а쵽ûб
ڵܸоаһڼٶȼĿ죬оԼܻûа죬ֲаϢоһ˿ԤУԤֲҲκεԭ
ǣʱ޳ȻһʱаѾϨĻһ˿˿ķڷ֮һҫ۵Ĺâҵ˸һ˸пʼӿ༧޳һ֮Ȼ룬˳ʱаеıŷ˳޳༧˲о˺һ㣬ȸԭӿԺȻĴȥǴʱѾ޷ҵĹߣҵĹ֮޳༧ȻԼԼ֮޳༧ȻĸоԼͬһ㣬Ǵʱ޳ûκεİ취ֹ
ʦûа취޳˫üһʵ޳֪ҲǱţʱԼҲоԼһǿҵȸУоһ˿ڸо֮оһɱԼǿϼٱԼǰȻһһθобԼ󼸰ٱ
Ҳûʲô취޳ȲҪżȻĺǿ󣬿ûн֮ǰֻһҲ˵ʲôʵԵ˺濴޳˵ƭ޳Ǻ޳˵ʵʵ޳оֻǺ͸ոһƭԼ
ʦ壬û𣿡޳ʵĨŵȻİ޳һ˵ƭģ
޳仰֮ЦЦ˵ûûƭԼȻոǽа˵ĺСҲǶԼã޳һЦ֮󣬿гһ˿˿ľ壬濴޳ıҡҡͷ
ʱ󼸷֣ȻûйԼ޳Ѿоˣĺ֣Ϊ޳ǰһżĳ֣ķԴ壬޳񿴵ϣһ㣬ֻ޳ԼҲ֪ԼΪʲôָо޳ЦЦֻһԵ༧޳ı֮˿֣༧ڸ֮ܵȻһ꣬޳ȴ沿΢΢һЦָо༧޳һ֡
ʱȻоԵɣⷢҲȻһϲϾľ޴ûмֻǣ潫֮ȻȴС˼֣ѾȷǶʲôˣǾаڵڵӵǿҵаڳڵĻγɵģγһʱĻۣʱ۳Եۺоǵõʲôһ㣬ǺобĶ
ԴʱЦŶ޳˵Сӣ㷢ˡ
޳仰׵ĸ㲻ˣ޳оںԼЦһǿҵĳԼ澹Ȼ˵һ仰޳Ȼһϲ޳ûⶫһУ޳ʱ棬޳ֵĿԼЦĸˣЦʱһ
ʦ壬Ϊʲô޳˵гһֵı飬濴޳ıаЦһ֮󣬱޳˵
ⶫаڵڵаǧĶõʵɰٱ濴޳˵޳ıȴһ˿ΪȻ漤ı˲佩޳ı֣Ϊ޳ϢȻûһϲá
沢ûȥ޳޳϶ԼĴ㣬ִе㲻ģϾо޳е̫ʴȣΪովȻľڵ༧޳ʴԽԽ⣬ϾǺҪģ༧Ŀ޳Ҳ֪ģ޳Ȼɻǽڵ༧澹Ȼʼ޳ˡ
ǿ޳ڵıûһ˿ϲʵô޴ûһϲ֮⣿
ûУ˼ôܰڵˣһֱû뵽취޳εĿ˿棬޳⻰֮Ȼĺߣо޳뷨̫ǰˡ
ڵҪ˵޷ڶ޷濴޳˵
޷޳˵޳оںԼЦ޳оȻ޷Ҫá
ȵǿ֮ڵõһˣһǿȰߡ˵
ߣ޳ʵ仰Ǵ˵һ㣬һľ档
ԣǴߣȽĳһܹڵˣó濴޳˵ڵȴ޳شһ㣬޳΢΢˼֮ȴĿ⣬΢΢һ΢΢һ֮û˵
ǣ޳Ȼʵѵ޷ɢĻôأ
Ȼһϲ񿴵޳ڿһ㡣
ǵȴһɢǿ󣬿ǵڵӴ֮ڵڲͻһɢȻҲȷаڵǲڵɵġ˵
޳˿û˵ʲô


1812 
ʱ༧Ȼ޳޳Ȼһԭôڵ޳ȻԵ༧ˣ༧޳ı飬ɵв˺棬ֺ޳о༧ԼĽָо޳ֲΪ޳Ҳ֪༧Ǳ濴ȥʲô֪ʵ޳һʼķ֣༧ƺԼܣ޳еһ˿
޳˿༧ֻǴʱ༧֮ϵĲӦȻûʧ޳˵ôˣ廹һֲӦ
༧޳Ļﲢû˵ֻ˵ͷ޳شƺе֣̫ңҡ
޳۾ȻһȻ༧˵ʲô
༧Ȼ˵ŵĻȻֹͣˣԼһȻ޳ЦЦʵ޳ое֣༧˲ֺ֮Ȼ˵ˣ޳е֣޳ûж룬ֵֻĸо޳ҲѾоˣ޳û̫׷༧޳ڵȴʧʧ޳Ҫ̫ʱ䣬ʧ֮ԼҲ
аڴǧ֮ؾΪܹƱ˵͹͹֮󣬽Ϊʵ޳ֻ˵Ľаɱˣˣ޳ɱа죬пܻᱻɱһʼĵ飬ǽȴ̫ϣҲΪ޳еԾ
ǿȻɢţһɢ޳оһ˿Ϊ̫ǿвпܱ¶Լʵλãҿռڻȷûǿ޳ûȷ֮ǰΨһĵľǧۻߣǧۻȻҿռףһֱûзаĴڣ֪Ϊʲôаûжǧۻ֣߳Ҳе֡
аһּ䰮ռ̵ԼطôǾͻ߽й޳༧Ǳǿߣ޳༧Ż⵽ǵĹǧۻ߱ϾҲаȻûйܺǧۻߺгദȻǧۻ߲֪ǵĴڡ
һеԾڳԾ֮ʱһ˿⣬⾫Ժüͷ΢΢ʱ֮ͻȻһƶȻĬĬĽУʱѾƶϤǾѾ֪Ĵڣֱ֪ζǧۻѾ֪ˣоϾôǧۻ޷оôǧۻ߾ûжԸıҪˡ
ʱ޳ҲѾܵһ˿Ŀǿƶ޳̫СˣǴʱ޳Ѿоƶǹ⽫޳Ѿ׼޳˼ʱ򣬺Ȼһ׹޳Ȼ˹
ǰ׹΢΢֮ӰȶȶԺһĨթЦ˳
޳༧̧ͷȥֻ϶ˣʱȻ佫Լȫͷ˳޳Ȼһڶ̶̵ʱȻ˲٣ٶȿ±ԼҪϺܶ࣬޳ĸоʱԼԳƽĴ˵˭˭Ӯǿô߰Լǰ޳Ȼһ֣ʱ޳ѾȻ㶣仹ûüӦ޳ѾһϻѾ䡣
ֻȻ䱻޳ȥ˵棬һϹŰ׹⻮գȻһҵ궯Ѿı޳˵ϣں͵Ӵһ˲䣬Ȼǿһ󶴣ǳȻĳˣڿƮȥֻǳûɢȻǵضһӰӰŭĿ޳ļŴҵĴţ޳Ȼһ޳û뵽侹ȻӦô졣
ϻ޳ע˲٣侹Ȼôվ޳ʱվȻ˹ȥ޳ڿȻʧ俴ʱ޳ȻһȭԶԶȥһϹϡ
˲ȭͷķ˳ȥֻ޳˹ȥڿȻʱ޳Ȼ佫ϴȥȭͷµʱȻʧˣʧ֮޳Ȼһ޳һ֮ͻȻоһ޳һ޳θոȶʱ޳ȻоԼϮ˹
Ȼ޳оһƬȸУʱ޳ѾƮȥֻڿ޳ӰȻֹֹͣͣ޳Ȼһϻ仹ûзӦ޳ѾϮȥ
濴޳Ĵεҡҡͷо޳ڲõ飬޳Ȼһĸо޳Ѿ֣ĸо޳ֻЦЦΪ޳оʱԼĲһ޳ЦЦ
Ǿʱ޳ķץסһ˿ᣬȻĵâǹâ׻ȸĹââĳ֮Ӱ˳޳оԼܵһֿһֻֿƲһʼаֿƣ޳ֻĸӰѾ޳Χм䣬޳оĵ߷׷׵Լƶ
ֻ޳ڷ֣ĴʥֻԼ˼룬˺񶼱ţǴ͵޳ĸоֻл˽Զʧʵ޳Ҳֻһֲ²⡣
ǣδ޳׼ãѾ޳ˣ༧ԶԶȥͬʱ޳лӶŶ̽˳ȥ༧ȻоԼıͻȻһֻǻδ༧תѾ༧༧ʱһֳȵĻг֣༧Ȼһھоڵ༧Ҳʮֵ˵ã༧ǺɫĶ̽ȻһɫĻ棬ɫ֮ȻһȣֻȴΧţȻ༧תȥǵ༧ȻתʱǱȴһˣҲȻʧ༧ȻоԼıֳ
༧ȻתѾ༧ͼһ㣬༧Ȼת֮Ҳ༧תֻǣתʱٶȼ죬༧ǰգ༧۾һתȻתת༧΢΢һЦһЦ༧гһĨأڳ֮༧ж̽Ȼ򱳺ȥֻɫĶ̽Ȼͣ˿С


1813 ȡڵ
ֹͣڿ֮༧̽ϵĻһһ㣬ڱ˵֮Ȼ
༧΢΢һЦһЦ֮༧Ѹ̹ȥȻоԼѾ༧ˣҲڶ༧һ༧΢΢һŭһɫĻϣȻת޳ȥʱ޳Ѿ˰Χ༧Ǽӿ˼ٶȡ
ǣ༧һ༧༧ǲ죬û뵽ԼڱΧˣֻɻʲô֮ͷ·༧ԣ༧һʼûֱȥǵ༧Ҫ޳ʱȻĽ༧ˣ༧о֪ԼҪʲôһǴʱ༧֪Ժδµʱ༧֮ûܵʲô˺༧һε֡
ǣ޳ĹѾԽԽǿңһֱȥ޳϶ǹ߰޳屻ǹ֮߰ô޳ͻܵӣ޳ﵽ߲㣬Ϊʱ༧֪λʥ֮ϳֵľǽᾧᾧһֺܼ򵥵ܹ˵ڽ˵֮޳ʧʧֻʱģǳõģʱܹ޳ɱµǣʱȫ޳ô޳ضֱѡ
λʥ޳Χûʲôͼ༧ʮֿµģΪ༧ѵ༧ɵʱȻ༧Ӵֹ༧Ҳʮ֣༧ˣԭλʥԼ༧ʮֵİգεȻɧ༧Ȼ༧ŭֻ༧˫Ȼſ
༧֮༧ɫ˲ԭɫĳӿ˹ȥԭɫĳɫӿע½ıһɫɫǳһ㣬ǻڳ˳Ƴ֮һɫһ༧˼֮󣬺ȻһĹλʥ˹ȥһ˲λʥΧһɫ棬ֻλʥһȸС
Ȼ䣬λʥһɫĻ棬ǻ漫ٵȼţλʥȻĶһۺ֮ϳһˮգˮյĳ־Ȼɫȥȥ֮ȸвûмǿ˼֣ʱ༧֮¶һĨص΢Ц΢Ц֮༧̽һӣһһλʥȥ
ʱλʥ༧ϮǣȻ˫вֵӡڣӡڵĲԭȼյƻʧˣ޳ݺݵĿˣֻ޳Ȼ֮һɫĻ޳֮γɣɫĻȻȼλʥλʥ䣬༧Ѿ˹޳༧ϣȻɫĻǴʤ˼֣༧Ķ̽Ѿλʥϻǣڻ֮༧޳Ȼ𾪡
༧Ķ̽λʥϻ֮λʥϳ˲ͬˣϰ벿ֺ°벿Ѿѿѿ֮ĴʥϾȻһĹâǹâʼƣ֮Ȼԭϵ徹Ȼһ룬༧޳ǰȻ˰˸ˣ˸˷ֱλʥķľ֮Ȼһ֣ڴ֮ǹȻʧʧ֮޳༧ǰ˸Ѿ༧޳Χˡ
޳༧һԭΪһٱԻɱĸ˵༧ʱã༧һƬãȻǰ˸˶޳༧Ѿչ˽ֻ޳ͻȻһĹߣƾն޳ȻһûУ޳озҲûõģΪǹھȻڻΪˮڻΪˮ֮ǹȻ޳ƮȥƮȥ֮޳Ѿ̶ˣ̶ֹ޳оԼһ㡣
޳ȸǬȻ޳һȸǬôԼһס֮ôܹʮֵС޳Ȼ֮޳ȻԾ𣬿ǰѾ޳ͼȻһһ޳˹޳еĻֻ֣һŻ濪ʼǼȻĽȥǰ˾ȻݵĶ˹ȥڶȥ֮޳˹༧˾ȻȫȥԸ޳༧˫ȻӶһɫĹߴӳг֣һɫĻĳ¶һ㣬ҵԼˡ
ʱ༧΢΢΢Լʲôֻһ˲֮ǰϵҲȻ֮ǰȻȼ޳޳еĻǴʤ˼֣޳Ȼǰ˲ûΪϵĻֹͣԼ壬ǰȻԼ˹˹֮޳һϹȻ㣬ǰǰŻһѾ޳е·߷סˣ޳ȻһЦ˻ûʲôֻ޳Ȼ̧˫ۣһɫ쫷޳ϳ֣˺޷ıɫ쫷һԡ
ʱǰͬ˿һƮȥ޳ɫĹâһְ¶˳¶֮޳ݺݵ˿ȥһ˲֮޳ͻȻǰѾʧڿС
ʱ޳ȻвãаڵѾʧȥǿʧȥ֮κ˶ܽڵߣ˲䲻޳ڵȥֻڵϿհ˵Ӱڵȥ޳һȻһŭû뵽˾Ȼ˵ļթ޳ѾȻڵȥ
ֻһɫư˵ڵǰ棬վڵǰ֮ڵȻһڵȻһ֮޳¶˳ֻʱ޳˫ȻȲ΢Ȼǰһǿ޳֮ϲֻһɫˮһ˳˹ȥ
һ˲ǰ˺ˮеɰʯһ㱻ˮȻĳߣڰ˱ߵһ˲޳ϻȻϮȥֻѾʧȥƽİ˱ϹһһУڻ֮ԭ֮ϾȻֳһϻֻҵȼţȼ֮󣬰ڲͬķ׹ȥ׹ȥԺ󣬵Ȼ˸һ˲ǵ֮ϳ׷ɡ
޳ڵһʵĸо˲䴫ڵĸоһ们һ㣬һ޳ﴫ˳ȥ޳ȻһȻӱŽ˽ƿڣ༧Ŵʱ޳΢΢һֱ֮Ц⡣
༧Ļص˵ϣ޳΢΢˫ת֮ʱȻɰʯ𣬳׷ɣȻһ޳оһ


1814 ֲ
޳Ҫ֮ʱǰ˵ӰȻĴг֣˵ɫĹâڳȻĳ֣ڳԺ޳༧΢΢ü޳༧оʱ˵âȻģµ˵âٶȣһ˲˵âѾ˰У޳Ȼ̧Űеİ˵Ӱ
༧ǰ˸ӰʱȻһ˵Ӱһ˵ƣǵ༧ٿʱǼѾʧˣ༧Ȼһѵ⼸Ϊûõڵʧˣ޳ҲеԾ޳ԭΪ˻ѸٶԼǵ޳׼֮ȴʧˣʱ̧о޳˿Ծ֮΢΢һЦ
ʦ壿Цʲô޳΢Цʵ
ûзһǿۣ΢΢˵ʵҲֻǸоһ˿˿Ļۣ˵ǿֻĲ²ˣͨһ޳
ûо޳ڨڨ˵Ļ޳Ĳ˻ɣǿԼһҲоģ˵ǿ޳ֻҡҡͷı飬޳϶ƭԼ
ϸ£ȻûбӦܸоһĻ۰ɣ޳Ļ֮Ȼе˵û뵽޳ûԼĻԼһ˿ɡ
޳΢΢һĴƮȥ΢΢Ϣ֮޳üļ΢΢һ壬ܵȷһ˿䶯ţĺĳֶţ޳΢΢һ˿޳ҲѾƶϳȻһۣı˳Ǳضʮǿģ޳ȴҲ۵յʲô׻۵ʲôʱ
Сӣ׼ɡѾ֪ʲôһ㡣
ʲô׼ڵˣһսֲɵ޳ν˵ԼͲλʥսһ޳˵ڿ϶ǲսˣսԼѾоƣˣ˵ڵѾõˣԼѾûʲôٺսˡ
Цҡҡͷ˵ⲻ޳Լ飬޳ȻսǼ˲Ź޳ģϾڵ̫ˣǧۻߵĵطΪǧۻߵļ£ҲǧۻߵĵϷŹ޳ġ
༧̽лһ£޳ڵȴ޳ľǼǰ߻ǵȴһʱ۵ԽԽ죬ԽԽ༧ѾоĴˣֻ༧ڵȴ޳ľ
ĳ֣ǻǼǰ༧޳ʵһƬã
ߣҿɲû°ͱ˴ܵˣٴȥҲνġ޳˲ǰߡ
༧޳תıӰȻ޳˹ȥ˲ûз½Ϊطʱ΢Ц֣Ȼҵš
޳༧ո뿪ʱǰȻһ֣ϯŵϵĳһ˲֮ǳ޳༧һһһ΢޳༧ʱԶԶȥ޳༧Ѿһ㳾ǳһɯһ㽫ŵİ޳΢΢۾ǳȻҵԼ֮޳༧ѾǳȫΧˡ
˿ԵһвиоһĲĲ޳༧˿ΪԭȻۣʱҲеȴˣؼһԵ˸оһģ޳ü΢΢һ£̾
޳û뵽ھȻֶһ˿ǿᣬǻԣ޳΢΢һѵľ֮ˣ޳һҶȫǻԣĴôôܹгȥܹӵͬ˭Ҳ޷˭ǣǧۻߵаڻԣǿܽô֮δҲ̫˰ɣ뵽޳΢΢һû뵽ԼߵﶼԼˡ
ʱ༧Ҳڲͬؼ༧˿ϤȻ༧ողԼľԻԪصĹ£ԼĻԶֳЦĸо༧ԭͽڸӽ˼֣ԼôԼҲ²ʲô༧Ľ
޳ӿ⳾ķ⳾֮޳ķһľڲ޳ȻóԾ޳Ȼǿ󣬵еĹвκεĹΪԭںڰʣһֿܹԪزǾǵԪصǳǿʱ򣬵ǳǿԪؾͻＫطЧôԪؽһĹ޳еԾǣڳԾͬʱ޳ҲȷԼĲ²⡣
ʦ壬ҷĳ֣Ԫʮǿ󡣡޳˵
ҲоˣԪصȻǿ󣬵Ԫһ濴޳˵
޳ʵ
ԣȻǿ󣬵ǲ壬㶯֡˵鼫࣬Ѿ²һЩ顣
˵Ԫزرǿ󣿶ǽ˵ʩչ޳ʵֻ˿֡
ԡ˵ͷ˵
޳˿ԵĳȻ۾΢΢һ΢΢һ֮޳뵽һ취ְֻ취޳Ҳһ־˵뷨޳е㲻ʵʩΪ޳֮Ըǰԣⷽɹ˽޳кܴĺôʧܣô޳
ʱҲѾ޳뷨΢΢֮̾ڵȴ޳յľΪʱ޳ս޷ˣս޷ôԼͱð취Լȳ֣޳ʱڿš
༧˿޳ʱΪԪ֮˶ǿԵĶԿ༧ûоϾȻͬʱҲˣǵһԪطǳǿ󣬶ԪضСʱôƽ⽫ױܡ
޳˵Сһ޳нһֲĸоϾԼûԪأռôĻԪԪزңƫƫԼ޳оԪغԾԼ£ԪظоԼ۸
Χĳ޳üһ


1815 
ֻ޳ͻȻüеϻȻĳ֣ȻĳԺ޳ɫâʼʤڹâʤ֮޳ȻоԼʧָо޳΢΢һֳԾ޳ȻĸоʱԼ޷һ޳ԭŵһĨ֣֮ڳ֮޳оԼϻѾϨˡ
༧޳ɫâʧˣһ޳༧׵ģ޳Ȼѹȥ༧оԼҲԪزһã༧оԼкҲӿһһ˿أֳ༧оԼĴѹȥԼȻŷԼȴǦһĽԼסһ㣬༧΢΢üͷ޳
оһı仯ֱ仯޳оԪطǳǿ󣬱ϾͨѾ޳޳ڵõϢͬһ濴Լ̫͹ˣŰ취ְ취޳һô޳˵Σ̫ˣԴʱ濴˿޳
޳Ѿ˼޳ݺݵĵ˵ͷԼڿ϶뷨޳Ҳ˵ķԪرͿ˻ԪأѾû취ˡ
ʱ޳ѾһǽΧˣȻǽȴһĳɣ˿ǽǺɢĳγɣ޳ǽ֮ϰһ˿˿Ľᾧᾧĳ֣޳ڵĻԪͻȻƽ޳ʱûз֮⣬Ȼ˳вãֻ棬Ȼ˳ˣǿȻĴǲᾧǽϡ
ǽ֮ϵĽᾧȻı䵹ȥ޳༧˲оʱԼڵҵĻţ޳ԼĻоھʱ޳Ȼһᾧһ˲֮ǽᾧͬһĵȥ޳гһ˿ϲã޳ҵһ֮ԼԱߵǽѾʧһ֡
༧ǰһУǣȻſ˫ᣬһɫĻܻȥ༧оͷһᾧϴţǽᾧȻǿᣬĹǿýᾧһѣҵĹʱ޳վŵĵͻȻһɫâǹâĳ޳һһ
ǺɫâԺԭǽĽᾧȻ̳һֽɫǽɫĲԭȽ׹ǽȻüӲû뵽û뵽ԷȻԪתΪ˽Ԫأתֻ֮֮кĲͬе㻳ɶԷǲԪˣϾԪеҲȽϺãɫĿǰһС
ʦ壬Է񲻵ʹԪء޳ʱҲ˶Է֮
沢û˵΢յ˫ڸоı仯ڿٵı仯ţٶҲڵʲôطֻкԼԼһ˿棬ǳɱ޳ģôȫͶˣֻǶ޳༧һ˿档
ǣ޳ȻȻĽţڽ֮޳ǰ˵εκˮֺˮĳ޳оԼȻõ˻ָԼȻȫĹȴû˿ã޳оǿᡣ
ǣ޳ҽʱͻȻֹ޳Ķ޳ȻһͻȻֹԼ޳еһ˿棬ϾҲǸոֹͣ˽ȻֹԼ޳ҲֹͣеĶһԵ༧ȻӶ˫Ҳͣʱͬʱоһĳ֣ǺɫâвĳֹһĺɫâҲʼǿǿ֮һ˿˿ĹӨ֮ҲһĲ޳ǵɫȥ
༧޳ڿǺɫʱȻһֻͺɫĹ⻷ڣŹߵĳ֣һӰˣӰĳţֻӰĳֺһǿҲųˣ޳ȻоһĨǿ֮ԼؿѹĴ޳˿ԾƾܹѹԼȷʵ࣬˱ǰļҪǿᣬǿᣬһֺأһһֻȣ޳оѾ֮õʮ
֮޳༧ڿŵʱӰĳˣӰ֮޳༧ƺûʲôһ㣬ȻڿǵϵĺɫâҲʧ޳༧м䣬޳༧ȻûоϵһϢ̲סʾһ޳
޳ڵõʾ֮Ȼ俴Լԣֻ޳ûһ˿׼ͻȻһԼԱվ˸ԼȻȫûз֣޳̫ˣϾ޳ҲȻܶԸ̫ǿĵˣ˵ԼվһԼ֪ô޳о̫Цˣ޳ЦΪķԼϡ
ǡ޳Ȼʵ༧޳֮иоһ˿֣Ǳ̧ͷ޳༧̧ͷһ˲䣬Ȼ༧ԼھȻվһˣԼȻȫ֪༧ԭͻȻһ˿־壬˱䣬еĶ̽Ȼ̧һҪԼƿˡ
ʱ޳ҲȻĽɫӿԼ֮ϣӿԼ֮޳ɭϻƮţֻϻ˫΢΢ӶһºȻϨˣ޳֮һϻԼûɣԳƵϾû뵽Ե˾Ļɢȥˣ޳˲оǿ
ˣҪšӰ˵ӰֻһĨɫĹȻΣ޳ϸȥ֮˵徹Ȼǻûɵģ޳˿棬ԼҵһƵСһ޳һۺû˵ʲô
Ӱ޳Ҳ࣬ڵȻȥȽᣬʵֻǻûѣʵڽƿ֮ͱһλ̬ԼǰĻӰҲ̬޳ֵĴߣ૵˵ѵһǱӡ
༧ֵĿ޳ı飬˿⣬޳ûнŷ༧ȫ޳ʲô޳Ϊʲôֱ飬˲֮޳ͻȻߣֻȴ΢ЦĿ޳
˭޳ʵ˿


1816 в
㲻ù˭ֻҪ֪ҲɱǵľС߿޳˵
޳仰֮ȻЦ˳ɱԼԼѾǽǽΧСĿռˣԼʱȫӡˣȻڰԼ޳ϲһ˿˾Ȼ˵ɱԼġ
ţҪɱ㣬һõȵ𣿡߿޳Ƶ˵
˵޳Ҳףߵȫɱ޳ˣȫõȵں޳˵仰֮ɱ޳˾˿ëҪȻġ
㲻ɱҵģΪýҰΧҵ֮鲻κε޳ʵֻ޳Ļ֮΢΢һЦû˵
޳༧һƬ棬û뵽ʲôҲ˵ֻǽԼ޳ȻһŭȻǽⲿԾȥǣ޳ոһȻ޳޳ԭԾһ˵ϣֻ޳Ȼһϻ𣬿ϻȻ⿴ǰʧˡ
ʱһȻһϻ޳ַ˳ֻü΢΢һ壬ϻȤȤҪǿͻȻоϻβһϻ֮ȻתһĨ־ĳ̶ǿżʹʹһĹȻûйϻ
΢΢ֵ̧ʵ
޳ԺȻһ£Ϊ˲ñ˷棬޳ֻε˵ԡ԰
ǿŵһ˿棬һŵĸо˲Ժ߿޳۾˵ˣ㲻ʵ
޳ԭͻȻþߣڿǿŵı飬ǿѾԼһ޳Ȼûȥͣ޳֪߿϶һ滹Ҫߣֻ⿴Ϊγ޳е㲻ףȻԼ
ʱ޳⿴ǰҲûк湵ͨ޳ܹоԼֻҪ湵ͨ߿϶ܹ֣Щ޳Ժ棬޳е㲻ˣ˲֮޳߾ȻԼ
޳е㲻׵Ķ˶壬Ȼ˵ôˣ
߲û˵ǿ޳ЦЦ޳һ˿档
ֻʱͻȻⲿŷ˳һǿĻԪأҪһзһȻʱ޳ǽڲȻܹоһ˿ȣʱ޳оǿŷӡĻԪسһ˿궯궯֮ǻԪؾȻԾ޳еԾû߽༧ԼĻԪطӡԼڵĻԪܹԼȫգԼ˻ȣûлԪ̫궯ؿһ֮޳ָֻƽĸо
ʱ༧гһ˿֣༧Ҳе㲻Ŀߣе֣߾ȻڰԼ޳Լʶߣ޳ı飬޳Ҳʶߣ༧ã༧ߡ
Ǵʱ϶֡Ц˵
ԡ޳ֱ˵
ΪҪǰҲֱӿ˵
ʲô飿޳üͷ΢΢һ£һֲԤԼвָо˵쾧ʯйء
Ȼ߿޳˵ڽǧۻߵϳ֮óһ
쾧ʯ޳ֱ˵˳
ǿųԾĿ޳û뵽޳Ȼôֱ׵˵Լ˵ģҲȷ޳Ծʯ˿˽⣬ߵıȥ
Ȼ֪ҲͲ˵ʲôˡ߿޳˵ֻ༧΢΢һ⡣
ʵȥɱǧۻߺ񲢲ʲô°ɣ޳ſƵ˵ߵɱǧۻ߾Կ˵ûκεѹ߾ȻԼȥã޳вһ㾪档
ҲͻԪ֮κεĳͻֻ鷳ǡ߿޳˵ԾߵһڣǽڣһܼٵĽڡ
оһ𣿡޳֮û˾棬һ޳˳
Ż߲ţ㶼Ҫѳ쾧ʯó˵ţֻǿָһɫķģǷȻע޳üļ䣬ֻǵ淢ֵʱǷѾ޳ڣȻһһϹѸ޳֮ߣǣʱ֣ԼȻǺɫĹͬʱ޳ֻ߼䣬ǺɫʱǻûȫָȻ䱻ǿˣ˲֮޳оϢˡ
޳Ȼһŭ˵㡭
ֻ޳Ļû˵꣬߱ȥ⿴ˣȻһֱںڰС
޳ͻȻһŭǴʱ޳Ѿˣֻ޳Ȼȭߣ޳Ȼ˰գһ˲֮Ȼ˵ϡ
޳ȻѾʧˣǿʧ֮޳ϵ༧ϵĻָˣֻΧ˵ĽǽҲһʧˣʧԺ޳ܣܺոձѬһ㣬ϷɫĹâǺɫĹâ֮󣬺Ȼһ޳༧Ϯ˹ֻ༧еĶ̽Ȼ˳ȥײһ
һ˲һɢȥɢȥһ˲䣬޳Ϲʤһ˲֮޳оԼϮһ㣬޳Ȼһǻδ޳ԾѾ޳ԡ
޳һƬ棬ǻδ޳ɢ޳ѾȻ˳ȥֻһһһ֮޳ҵˤ˵ϣ༧ˤڵϵ޳Ȼ޳˹ȥ俴༧Ȼһ༧ȥֻ༧˫Ȼſ΢΢ڶԺһһ޳˹ȥ
ڰյ༧Ȼ䱻ǹ߻УȻҲ׹ȥ
ʱѾ׹ڵϵˣһ˿мʱѾõҵ֪Ϊε޳ʱٶȻļӿ죬Ȼ޳ǻûӴ䣬ԼѾ˳ȥ
޳һַŭȻһŻʱ޳ȻһɫĹȻȥ΢΢һû뵽޳Ȼôվˣǿŷ޳΢΢һ˿ЦݣֻЦһ˿а
Ȼ䣬仯һߣڿ˼ԺȻʧˣ޳һǣʱ޳оһȣ޳Ȼתת֮޳ȻһŻԼ


1817 ״̬
޳еȻһȸУ޳Ȼתһ޳򿪣޳Ȼ㣬֮ǻѾɢΪֱ޳޳ܹϮУ޳ܵǹȻܹϮ޳
޳΢΢һһ֮޳Ȼ֣ǹѾԼֻ޳Ϲ⣬ɫâ˲佫Ǽɢ޳΢΢ɿ֮ʱǹȻ޳Ϯ޳ʱоһԤУ޳ڸоڹԼֻΪ˶ĴܣôԼᱻ۶
޳̧ͷ䣬޳֣Ȼ棬޳һ״̬
ν״̬޳սֻһȴģ޳ϮУôһܵ˺޳༧ֻһ취ܹ䣬ǽļƻƻôҲܵ˺ֻܲﱻۡ
޳˿༧༧ʱƺҲڵ岢༧޳˵һϢҲһϢõ޳༧Բô鷳ľͻɱ䣬ɱĲǸѣǿڵڱŷһ
ֻ޳ڱǵ׷֮ʱȻסΣֻ޳ɫ棬Ȼһ䣬༧޳Ķ༧Ȼſ˫ᣬȻķ⣬ȻıһĹߴӳ򷢳ʱȻڰͬʱϵӼ֣༧޳һ༧޳ֻܹΪ༧޳ڲȷʲôط
ǰеײÿһײ༧޳ݺݵɨ˺ܿĽŶܣˮһĴɢţ޳ȻоڻԪص궯Ȼȥ޳оԼڵĻԪسὫԼա
ֻ޳֮ԼڵˮԪĵˮԪڱ˲䣬޳оһƬ֮⣬޳оȻɢţֻ˲֮༧̽ٵĴȥ޳ҲǳԾԼȻ֪༧ʱȻٽȻ༧ٽ޳ʱ༧еͽ޹ˣΪļüѾģ
༧΢΢Ծû뵽ļȻ֪ԼѾӽ༧һ˿ɣǼĻֻܱŷû˼ԼӴһ˲侹ȻΧ༧µûھΧĬĬĿ޳༧впܱ͵Ϯ༧ĿܿȥֻռûһӰǿиûϢ༧һ˿棬ѵѾﵽûˣ
Ǿڵ״ûдﵽ磬ڸҲ༧еɻıˣѵΪԼԲĿ༧޳Ҳûз༧ܿȥǽϴһ
޳ʧ䣬Ȼ޳һϹ˹ȥֻϹӴֻһƬӰӰʧڿУʧڿ֮޳ȻĸоԼ񲢲˺Ӱʱ޳Զ༧˴ʱҲһã
滹޳϶棬澹Ȼ߷ӡ޳ʲôͼԼѾܴ˾Ȼõǳ쾧ʯȻ쾧ʯǿ󣬿ǶּĿ˵ѾûʲôˣϾһ޶ģһţҪȻϷչģϷչҲֿʯˣôߵͼʲôأ޳ţȻ޳һԼ뵽ԭһǣ˲֮޳ָֻԼ顣
޳ʱ֪ԼĲ뵽׶ԲԣҲʱҪǶԸ䣬ʵڵȷ˲٣ʵ޳ܹĸоǲʵһֱǣƵĸо˵ϵͲԼģͨһǿƽ̨ɢģ޳ܹ뵽ƽ̨ǧۻߣǧۻȻûԼ޳еɻ
޳ȻоһԼΧƮţ֮ͻȻ༧޳Ȼһ޳оԼ༧Ѿ˸ˣ˵˿ĵطһһֱڸԼ༧޳ĸоһҲԴȪȻһȻĿԷ
ֻ޳ȻһɫУȻȼһϻϻȻ޳༧оԼѾǵ޳༧ȻϻɶʱϻȻϨҲκεĺۼ޳һʱ޳ȻҲκɣһ޳༧ǰ޳һֲһɻɻʹ޳ĸоǾ˵Ŀ£ֿ޳ĸоطȻܹ졣
޳༧ĵľ䣬仹֪侹ȻԼйָо޳ľռп϶һԽԼϢ޳༧֪ط޳༧һƬա
ʱ޳Ȼһǹڲ֮ʱ޳ûз֣Ȼʱ޳һƬԾ޳Ȼķ˳ȥڷɳȥ֮ԭĹһ˲ʧˣ༧۾Ȼһǻû༧Ӧ༧ͬ˹ֻ༧оԼȻһƬȣ֮༧Ȼĺ޳һһֵ˳ȥ޳༧Ȼ֮۹Ʊһ㿴ܡ
ûκεҪ˵ͻȻԼˣǿһ˿Ʈ޳ȻһȻ˫ֺݺݵĳһŻ棬޳ڵȴͣ޳ѾܵĿģʵһĳ֣һĳ޳оԼѾΡ
ʱͣ޳ԣ޳ȻճһĨħЦ֮ɫȻ΢棬޳΢΢һʱһȻķʱ޳бŷһһİһʼʱ΢ûʲô֮⣬ǵ޳Ȼ֮Ȼķţһıڱ֮


1818 
޳ԵĸоԼԽԽѿ޳ϹȻһһ֮޳֮Ȼת֮ͬʱĲǿ΢Ȼǿ
޳΢΢һ޳ѾԸоϵϢϢ޳ǲ֪ȻѾմȾ˺˺ܶǧۻߵԭûɢ޳׵ȷȻ޳һû뵽Ȼﵽ־磬޳ֻ΢΢һЦһкȻԼĿƷΧڡ
༧Ŵʱ޳Ȼ޳˹ȥ༧о޳һֻû壬һʽ༧Ҳ֪Ѿûˣֻʽ֣༧Ȼ̽ڿ΢΢һ΢΢һ֮Ƕ̽Ȼ仯ģԭ޳һ༧Ķ̽Ȼã޳ʵ֪һЩ߼ǿԱõģֱҪ㹻ǿģ༧񲢲ܴﵽ
޳֮ʱǶ̽Ȼźڹ⣬ǺڹȻж̽Ѿĳ˱仯ڱ仯֮Ƕ̽Ȼһ״Ǳ״Ķ̽Ȼһֺڰ֮޳ţ֮Ǳ״Ķ̽Ĳһ⣬ھ֮Ƕ̽Ļָԭ״һн˲䣬޳ߣ޳оһеı仯
޳ԻĿһУֻ༧΢΢һЦǶ̽Ѿ༧У༧޳ã΢΢˵̽һɻ꣬ܽʳǰסûбô޷ʳġ
޳༧ı΢΢ЦЦȻ޳ܶɻ༧еĶ̽ǱȽصģΪȻܹʳԼĶʳûǿֻ޳ûоǿˣʱ༧΢΢һЦԼõǾڵҪˣ޳е棬Ǻ֮޳û༧⣬Ϊ޳иоʹԼ༧ҲʵԼ޳ɴûʡ
ֻ޳ʧ֮󣬱ܿȥʱ޳༧ǰûκ谭һָо޳һ˿ֻţⲻ޳ܣֻԭľĵطڿȥô֮ǳֻ⳾֮ϷǻԪزģطĻԪصȷܷḻ޳оԼԼ޳ҲǳԸ⣬޳ЦЦֿ֮ϷⶫϷǧۻߵĲ֮أǻӦ
Ȼ޳棬汻ص߷֮޳ҲоϢǲǻڽƿ֮޳Ҳ֪ʵ޳ȫԲȥѰһ룬ΪҲˣǰȻΣգ޳ûз޳Ψһľҵ룬Ȼõ쾧ʯȳʱ༧޳༧֪޳˼ʲô༧Ҳû˵ֻ༧Ȼʲôط༧֪Ҳ޳֮УôʱˣӦҲ༧ûпӰûиоκϢ༧еһ˿֡
޳Ȼվط޳ʱץʱҵ룬޳༧һ֮ȻԾϷȥ༧޳ȻϷ༧Ȼſ˫ǶϷȥʱԶԶȥԻĵطӰȻţڿһӰ֮ǿ˼ֻ֣˱һϸСƮڻƮһʱʱȻ޳༧׷˹ȥ
ֻС༧޳˲ûз֣༧޳ȻһЩڣЩǵ͵ȼģֵ͵ȼȻ޳༧ӣΪԭЩֻ޳༧ԼȻ޳༧Ȼ֮ЩֻԵĴм
ģ޳༧ٶȣΪʱ޳ȻоǰһɻԪҵ궯ţ궯ǵӿ׼ʲô޳Ȼٶ֮ҲȻ½˼֣޳༧ĽӴ֮ھȻǵϾȻðǿҵ䵽ϵһ˲֮ȻȻ֮޳оǵһ̵ܶʱڣ޳оԼƤǿҵѬеȡ
޳΢΢ϵˮԪأˮԪ΢΢תʱ޳оڵȸС˺ܶ࣬һӿӿ֮޳ԼˮԪزԼ޳ٶǿ˼֣༧ԭǾʣԴʱȶ༧оһʣϸȥ༧ȡԪأǻԪһ۽༧棬༧֮һţǳȻӶ޳׷˹ȥ
һĹʱ޳ѾԼĵһεεĺˮںˮһĵ֮޳оǻѾԼ˿ܲˣȻˮԪȻתţǷһʱ֮޳ں޷ֵ
ʱ༧Ŀ޳༧Ȼ޳ȥһɫĹע뵽޳֮ڣɫĹ޳֮Ȼһĸоо֮Ȼ䵤һʼת⾫ת޳оѬļ˼֡
޳˿༧һֺı飬Ϊ޳Ȼ֪༧Լעľ𣬿޳ȽΪʲôɫԼԺԼоȣ廹оһ
༧ƺ޳飬༧˵Ǿڵκξģܹ⾫ںȫԴ֮ϵľ𡣡
޳˵㣬ڿٵĽӽǧۻߵϳʱ޳ѾԼԼĸоǧۻǿĻԪǿܹĿǰ޳˲ܣ޳оԼĿǰ̫С޳ȻͣźȻͣ޳༧ȻֵͣĿ޳֮˿⣬ۿҪǧۻߵϳ޳ȴͻȻͣ༧оһ˿⣬ڲ֮༧޳Ѿһ˿ԭǧۻ߶ڴȷʮǿᡣ
Ȼǿᣬһų༧޳˵ʱ༧Ѿоųǧۻߵ༧ȴҲڵء


1819 
༧оǣȷʲôطǿ޳ı飬༧ֻô˵
޳༧Ļ֮΢΢һЦ༧Ϊ޳һ޳ڿһ飬Ǿλصߣǿ˵ǿ󣬶ǧۻȻǿ󣬵ǾԲߵĶ֣ǣؿΪʲôԼȥ쾧ʯԼأ޳׵ǣɱǧۻߣǻǻӻֵ飬ΪʲôƫƫԼȡأ
޳ܴʣ޳ȴҲ𰸣ڱ߷ӡʱԷһ£޳ȷ淴ټԼ߲һܹݵķӡߵʱȻһ㷴ʶҲûУ޳ĸоһ˿Ĳף޳ֻҡҡͷⲻ׵飬޳֪һǧۻߵ޳Ѿоˣʱ޳ӵǿôܺǧۻһսĿǰԼ޳Լҡҡͷ
޳ҡͷ֮ȻӼᶨǰʲôԼҪȥһ㣬Ȼ޳ԾտǰǧۻϳǧۻߵϳȥرΣգǣʱ޳΢΢оǧۻϳԱߺһӿţӿ޳ͻȻоǧۻߵӿ࣬Ǵʱ޳ôҲоϳǰʲô޳һ˿ããԺ޳ȶԼģʱ޳˿༧༧ʱѾ׼޳ǧۻߵϳ
ǣ޳Ȼǧۻߵϳ˹ȥֻǵ޳ӰĽӽǧۻߵϳʱȻһᾧӰǽᾧһʼֺոճһ޳һԤУΪ޳ʱѾоһĳ֣Ȼתȥ޳ʱŷԼıҲһĨᾧʱԼ༧ǱᾧΧˣ޳ڲͻȻԭԼǽһȦףⲼᾧ֪޳Ҫһ㣬޳΢΢һ˿ɣΪʲôԼе֪Լһ㣬ѵԼһʼͱţ
޳ͻȻ뷨޳ʼһе鴮ֻ޳˼ʱߵĽᾧʼм伷ѹּѹ޳оԼΧˣİΧ޳ؿһƣеĻԪȻ궯޳оΪʱǽᾧ֮һĻ֣ԾľҺһʼ༧ڵע޳ڣҪȻʱ޳ɫضԼȼԴʱ޳øӽΪɫһļ޳΢΢һû֮ôԼڵĻԪؽüҡ
ǣʱ༧Ȼſ˫ǽᾧϴȥǽᾧֻˮһ˿˿֮ȥǽᾧȻǿĴţ༧˿޳޳ҡҡͷҡͷʱ޳Ȼϻʤһ˲ǽᾧ֮ȻĳһѺۣѺ۲֮޳еĻȻᾧϴ˹ȥڴȥ֮ǽᾧȻڵϡ
޳ᾧвûзһ˿ˣһֲԤвΪ޳ֻԼܲܶŽᾧʲôã޳ûȫǽᾧȻȫȥ޳оʲôΣ޳˼ͬʱȻĽᾧһȫӿӿ֮޳оĽᾧ֮һɹǿţڲ֮ƬҵĽ޳޳ƬƬ֮ǿ޳оʱԼѾΧһ㣬ʱ༧еĶ̽Ȼ£޳༧ŷ
һĽᾧʱȫ׼޳༧˸оһǿѹȸУ޳Ѿ׼ƬԼ༧йô޳ضͨ⹥жᾧĲŵж
ᾧ֮󣬾Ȼһʧˣ޳༧е֣˲ûʧȥ̬ȣһʧǽᾧƬȻһʧˣʧ֮Ʈȥյѩһ㣬޳༧һɻӿ
ɻʱ򣬺Ȼоһ񶯸д޳༧о֮濴ȥʱԭƽĵϳһѺۣѺҵţ֮޳оһҵӿ޳оһǿ޳ѿĵ棬һĨʴǣʴ֮޳ȻоһԼǵ޳༧޳оһʵ壬Ϊǵѿġ
޳༧Ȼѿĵ棬ֻǵ֮ϳһĹ֣ǹȻţʱ޳ŷǾȻԨԨĳһĻ棬ֵͬʱ޳Ԩ֮¾Ȼӿҽҽٵӿ˳޳оڿٵţ޳оǿ󣬴ʱ޳оԼҽǰ˵СҽڲȻһ²༧޳оԼҲΪ֮һ
ǣܿʧˣʱҽȻӿţҵӿ˳֮޳оҽ֮һ֮޳˲оԼѾΧˣΪȻǴԼĸ֮ϣʱ޳Լ༧Ȼҽ֮ϣԭĵѾʧˣʧ֮޳澹Ȼҽ
޳༧оһ˿֮ȻԾ֮ҽƮȥǴʱȻҽܳһĽᾧᾧĳֽ޳༧Χҽ֮ϣʱҽҵӿţÿӿһҽоͳһҽеǳḻһ޳༧û˿Ȥȥʲôʱ֣޳༧ĵôܹصǵϣΪʱҽԿһҵҲһΡ
ڵ޳˵Լ϶ܹӮȺǿƽ֣ҽ֮У޳༧ֻбɱΪҵȶѾ޳ķ㣬ʱ޳ķڱǳȵ¶ҵĴ͸ţڴ͸֮޳оԼһɳȸӿԼ֮Ȼҵ޳ĻԪأ޳֮еĻԪ˲궯궯֮޳ʼ֮֮УûԪظӵͣʱ޳ֻһ취ǾڽǹɻԪҵͷųȥ
ֻ޳Ȼһϻϻڲͬʱ޳Ȼ˦֮У֮е΢΢һ޳ɫ澹Ȼȫʧˡ


1820 ؾ
޳Ȼתҽ澹Ȼ޳ͷȻһû뵽ҿռڲȻһҽ༧޳ǰҽһ˿ԾԭΪռڲھȻһҽҽС޳ʱеȻ޳֪ҽʱΪҽӰھڿԼ
޳Ȼ֮䣬ϻֿ˼֣ϻľӣԭɫһɢ޳Ϲ壬ʱԶԶȥҽ֮ӰƮ϶ˣӰɫĻ棬˿ȥ¶ȵĹߣ˵ӰȻһ˿ŤӰ¶ˣʱһӰ֮εţӰвͻᱻǼӰһ㡣
༧˫ü΢򭣬֮ϲмκˮ£һεκˮνҽ棬ֻǺˮıһ˿˿ˮԭͺȵøӵȣ༧еĺڽ΢΢Ķţʱڽ֮һڽԭĶ̽óȣ༧вһû뵽ҾȻ˴ĻԼΪ֮徹ȻԿѬ༧ôҲû뵽Ǵʱ༧ȴǲҳһ˿֮⣬ȻͣǴʱ༧ȴĶ·ľޡ
޳΢΢˿༧ʱ޳֮ϸǺˮ͸ԭѪ֮޳ܲѬ޳ԭļھȻ˹ͭɫּ޳ȥӵͣʱ޳ͷֻޣ޳оԼҪ͸֧һһֱѬĳһ˿˿Ĳʣǣ޳Ȼڵԭ͸ָ֧ţ޳ԭȥϹȻǿ
޳ȥе﹦̫ߡ༧üͷ˵ʵ༧˵ҲеΪ༧޳Ȼоҽĳ֣Ǵļ䲻£κһ𣬺񲻺һ㡣
޳༧Ļ֪Ϊֻǿ·ľҡҡͷԼҲ˵ʲôԭҪҵһԭĻǿ¾ֱܹܵսϢ޳оʱôƽеƽֻǱϵģʵ޳оΣվǱС
ǣ޳֪طΣ̫ߣ޳ûѡȥʱ޳ıӰڵȴΣյĽһ㣬Σ޳֪ģ޳û뵽ӱܣһ޳ǿ߷ս޳ʱվҵϷ
ѵûиоôǿ𣿡༧޳Ķ˵༧Ȼоҽ༧ûоε֮༧һֱΪǿֻģǿ༧ΪＫǿ
ҿҵײۡ޳˵ǰһвûоŵԼһ۾΢΢գ䣬һЩ￴ȥ޳ʱҲûзأԼ˵ֻ޳֪Ϊ˵ġ
༧޳Ļ֮ȻĽԼ˼֣ѾѬĳұĳһѣڳ֮һĳƮ˹ȥֻǳƮУȻ޳ǳ񶨸һ㣬⳾֮ȻͻȻʧӰ٣޳ͷһ޳һһƬƬʣѵеȻǳۻˡ
ǣ޳е˿ֲľ磬ֻǼֻ˶棬ǿ޳ȻֱֻϵģΪ޳ĿǰΪֹûиоһ֡
ͻȻ޳˼֮ʱҽгһɫĹâǹâ࣬Լԭҵһһڹ֮޳༧ԭǸӽһ㣬ǾޱȵĽ۾ȫһ飬޳༧ȻûзָոȻĺӰ
ǺӰһ֮ҽһ㣬ʱ޳Ǻ棬ҽе¶ȿ϶ͣӰٵĽǳȵҽУ˵Լ޷¾ҲǲôνĽҽ֮аɡ
Ǿʱԭžҽ澹ȻͻȻıӿǺͬһķ֮е΢΢ڶһ£ڰڶһԺ޳Ȼһû뵽ӰƵʾȻôһ£ڳﶯһ֮⣬ɢϢȻļͬ޳༧һ
ҽһһҽֲ޳оʱԼһһ㣬ҽų𣬽޳༧ԭͿȵһȻѬţ޳༧˲оԼ֮ϵȸУȸ޳༧оȾйԣһսٵϢ޳вֻ޳Ȼڵעҽı䶯
ǣ޳ϸעҵʱȻһ޳ԭעҵȻ㣬޳Ȼ֮޳ȻִʱԼȻ޷ǻ׷٣ǻھһֱԼһ㣬ʱԶԶĿȥһϹ֮ȻһڼٵĸţϹԺ󣬿ϹڷͻȻֹֹͣͣԺǳĻȻĴɫĹϣɫȻһ
ʱֻ޳һһ֮޳ϳһĺˮ޳ոס֮һĻҵ޳޳˹޳˹һ˲޳ȻԭĻʱȻ糱ˮһ㣬ҵĻ˲佫޳Χˣ޳һԼֵһ滹пܣô޳һµֵôĻ棬޳ԼҲ֪ǵĻҵĽ޳оһ˿Ϊ޳Ѿܵǿڸܵǿ֮޳ͻȻоԼŻһ㣬һ޳ݺݵİΧڰΧ֮޳ͻȻϻȻ˼֡
޳ֻкײΪ޳ʱܲûʲôЧ޳ĵԼܣôǻı࣬ڱ֮޳Ӳ׵ĶԸ޳ڸоȻԼĿɿطΧ֮޳ȻľԼײ˹ȥǣײȥ֮޳Ȼоһ˿Ϊʱ޳һİΧ񲢲ôĺ޳Ӵ
޳һû뵽Ȼ״޳Ŀʼ޵̣Ǿ޲ٿǻ棬ԼͽˣǴʱ޳ȴԾķ֣ںԼһ㡣
༧ʱҲͼ༧΢΢һЦ


1821 ͷ
༧ʱҲͼ༧΢΢һЦеĶ̽ȻĻ裬ȻĻ֮Ƕ̽ǻȻ˹ȥȻ˹ȥ֮༧ڸոսӴʱƺǳǵ༧ö̽ǻʱǶ֮̽оȻһ΢˲֮ʧˣʧ֮༧ӶŶ֮̽ǻ澹Ȼɢˣ޳༧΢΢һЦǾʱҵײһ궯֮˳궯֮֮޳Ȼо޳оȻһ
ҵײ֮ȻĽҽĻߣĻ֮޳ȻҽоȻֵӿ޳оԼ͹ǣ޳һοҵʱﾹȻм￿˹޳˿ȣԭ޳ΪλǼﾹȻм˹ȥ
޳˿༧ʵѵҪͳһǣ
༧ӿҽû˵ֻ˲༧һ·ȻֳһִӰԭκǴִӰֱС׼ף༧ԭɢһ˿ȣھ֮󣬿һԵ޳ʱ޳ҲѾע⵽仯޳ûбֳ̫ĳԾΪ޳ԭ͸оҵ죬ǧۻߵϳĵطͲ̫ͣ޳ԭƵġ
Ǿ˾ȵʱ򣬺ȻһӰ¶˳¶֮ӰȻ޳ȥ޳һӰԼ˹޳Ȼ˹ȥӰûֹͣһ޳༧ڻ֮зһһ㣬ӰȻջȥʱ޳һϻ˹ȥֻ֮ǼӲƬȻĲһ˿𻨣޳Ȼߵ徹ȻôӲǻû޳ӦȻǻ߱˹ȥеĶ̽һӣǶ̽ѾǻߵƬӴˣ༧оȻı˻Ƭ༧Ӳһһֵԡ
༧Ȼı˻ڿȻת֮༧Ӱȶ޳༧ƶȥΪǻȻſ༧˹ȥֻ޳ɭϻȻȻһϻ˹ȥԭž޿ڵĻͻȻ䱻ɭϻϮ֮Ȼ˻ȥȻջȥ֮Ǿ޿Ȼ޳һŻ棬ǻ޳ٵı޳۾Ȼһ䣬еϻǴʤ˼֣Ȼϻǻײȥ
䣡
Ȼײһ֮Ȼıըڱը֮޳оһ˿Ԫص궯ǻѾңֻȻƵһ㵴ҽʱ޳Ȼҵײȥ޳ȻӰڷҵĺ⣬ֺ⽫ĵӰˣǼӰгˡ
ֻӰԭһ¶˳ԭ˿ǵŹߵǣӰȻһĳˣڳ֮޳Ȼһ༧оǾ棬ԭ޳༧Ϊ޳༧Ƿĺ⣬ӰȻһֻﾹȻͷ­޳ȻĳԾ޳˵ͷ
ͷһڱȽεĵطҪǣȻͷ༫ײУȴһְﲻϲ࣬书ǿ࣬ﲻ񻹻ףֽȻǽǮϵĽףһ㶼ϵģһǲΪʲôκභģǿڣ޳Ȼһû뵽ͷȻĹԼĹԼһоԼ༧ɱ޳зһ˿˿Ļɣ޳ڻʲôԭͷǵôܹ꣬ͷ˼ֻһԭǾǸоΣգΣģΣѵ޳ǵģǴʱ޳ûйǡ
ʱͷȻԾңԭ˼޳˲ȥȻĽ༧˹༧һ˲ãΪ༧Ҳ˽ͷϰԣ༧Ҳһ˿˿ɻɻ༧˿Ե޳༧ûд޳֮пκεĴ𰸣ֻʱͷȻ¶ҽͷҵĶ༧޳˻ţ˻һȵϢˣȻоǿᡣ
ֻ޳΢΢ɫĻĽ༧ԾĿ޳ľٶ޳ʱԼȫջڣô޳һΣգΣտ˵Եģ༧ȻĿ޳޳ƺ༧˼޳༧˵ԡ
޳ͨûκķͷԼǹģ޳һ޴ͷȥֻ޳Ŀţûеƣͷԭ˻ı飬޳֮ȻӱȻмͷ޳Ȼ޿޳ʱ޳ͷǰǰһӬһ㣬ͷȻԼ˹޳ʵһǾݣ޳һ˿⣬༧Ȼ޳˹ȥͷ޳Ӱһ޳Ѿϵ۾΢΢ĿŴʱͷڴʱͷҲ޳༧ӰȻͷ޳ʱ޳Լϵļ˺ܶ࣬޳ֻһ˿ַܹͷ˲䷢޳ûʲôΣһͷһĿ޳֮޳Ըоͷϵҽ޳ۻһ㡣
ͷһı䶯֮޳˲оͷûʲôΣһ༧ԭŵķڷ֮༧Ŀǰͷ޳
޳˫ͷӴ˹ȥڽӴͷʱ޳оͷ֮ϾȻǱģͻȵƬһ޳оͷһ˿졣
޳ĽӴͷʱȻһӰ˳ںӰ֮ͷԭȻһĨ䣬֮ͷȻ༧Ȼһ˿ʱ޳ȴûзΣգ˲֮ͷƬȻ޳һ˿棬ں֮޳ͷڿͷӵһ˲޳ȻĳԾһ£ͷڱýӲԭڱһı䣬޳һͷı仯޳ͻȻһȻͷȻȻ޳


1822 ͷ
Ǵ޳ѾС
༧ǰһȻһ˿ԾȻ༧оʱ޳ѾΣڵϦˣ༧һ˲֮Ȼ޳˹ȥڳȥһ˲䣬༧ܵʲôһ㣬༧ҪʱһȻ༧༧ʱ޳Ȼ⣬һ֮䣬Ȼ䱳˫Ȼſֻ༧Ȼ˲䱻༧ſ
ʱ޳ҲĲֻ޳һ˲佫ɫۼΧھۼΧ֮޳ȻִʱԼȻѾۼת֮ǿ϶Ѿˣ޳һ˿־壬ǣֿ־һһԺ޳ӱһָ㣬ǸȻŷƣ޳Ҫͷһս޳Ĵ˵һս޳Ӳȥͷµඣô̼Լͻ
ֻʱͻȻһɫӰ޳Ȼͷڱ˳ȥ༧޳ͷ޿ڵһ˲䣬ͷľ޿ڱˣǣ༧ǰɿķɶʱȻǰһͷͷ༧оӣ༧һĨ⣬Դʱ༧ǰľһʱҲʧȥʲô취
ֻʱѾӦ޳ͻȻϹ⣬һϻͷͷϣͷϮеһ˲䣬Ȼı䶯ֻʱǱϮеͷͻȻһⷢ˳Ǿ֮ⷢ޳ȻоԼʲôϮһ㣬Ǿʱ޳ûкˣȻһ߲ʹ߰ϻһͷ˹ȥֻǣڴ˹ȥ֮ͷȻſڽˡ
༧ȻĳԾʱ༧ȥʱ༧ʣµЩͷһĿ˹ڿ˹֮ǿһ޳˹޳ûн˷΢΢һЦֻ޳мٵĳһֵӡڣӡڳԺֻǱ޳ͷȻһɷ׵Ĺߣߺҵţǣʱ޳ͻȻоһ˿꣬Ϊʱ޳оԼͷеѾıüˣ޳Ȼ佫ӡںݺݵĴͷڴͷ֮޳Ȼ༧ȥ˱ȥԺȻıը˵ı˳
༧ͷԼıֻԭɷͷʱȻѪģָо༧θһ񷭹һ󷭹֮༧סԼĸоͷ֮ϱѪҺ˸оʱĴķ׷ţֻѪҺУȻҽѪҺѬˣһѪȴ
޳༧ɵ˰ȫλԺȻͣͣԺͷȥڿͷһ˲޳оԼ˴ˣΪһʼ޳ֻһͷ޳оԼֻǿԽͷըһСڣͷԼ˺ǣԼȴû˺ǣ޳ȴôȫŭͷΪͷԼоѾΣգΣյѶűضͷķܾˣԼͷķ޳ĲʲôģԼܹʤԼҲҪԶˡ
ǿǰһ޳оԼѾû˲ȵĻᣬΪͷԾѾŭˣΪĸͷʱڷŭ˻ţ˻Ҫ޳ɱһ㣬޳ڼѾûʲôȵİ취ˣֻսˣʱԼսôľԼ޳Ҳʲô̫ʴȵˣ˲ҲˣͷҪ޳أô޳Ҳݺݵıͷ
ʱͷȻ⣬Ǻĸͷϲ֮޳ȻоǱõͷۣ֮ͷ֮ϽĳһĹâǹâԺԭӿѪҺͷһֹͣѪͷ֮ϵЩ֮ﲢûʧǺע룬ͷ֮һڳ֣ԺһϸСͷϿʼ޳ûʱĳȻⳡûĳ࣬ǣ޳ڷҲһ˿ͬΪûʱ򣬲ͷ޳Ѿͷ壬ǽͷϲһͷ­ϣǼû˵ͷ­Ȼ
޳ǰһУ޳оͷ޸ͷ­֮ضҪԼ𣬻߿϶Լô׳ȥҶУ޳ԱȽ˽ͷϰԵģ޳˼ͷԼ𹥻ô죬޳Ϊͷ˷ԼΪͷ֮ǧۻߣҾԼǧۻߣԼҲҪ½ӡʱ߲Լô򵥵Ľ棬޳˼Լô졣
ǣ༧ȻеĶ̽Ӷͷȥ޳Ȼһû뵽༧ʱȻȥʱ༧ͷôͷпֹͣ޸༧޳赲༧༧ӰѾͷߣ༧ͷʱȻ̽£Ƕ֮̽һĨڹͷ˹ȥֻǹȻĻͷ֮ϣǹڽӽͷһ˲䣬ȻĽ뵽ͷ
ԭ޸ͷȻһ˻˻֮мһȻĽ༧˳ȥֻͷ༧֮ͷڵ֮ĴķţԼ˺صһ༧ɳȥ֮޳Ȼ˹ȥ༧Ȼһ༧޳˹޳ȻһѾ˹ȥǣʱͷȻ֮˵ֹͣ޸Ǵʱͷڵ˼֣Ƭ֮һĹ߲ʱ޳д󾪣ʱ޳ͷԼƴĽô޳пܻܵص˺
ⲻܹңȻ޸壬ôǻѶԸǡ༧ʱסӰ޳˵ʵ༧ףͷ޸Լ壬ô޳ԼĺѶԸͷ
ǣԼʱͷ޸ô༧޳лͷ༧뷨޳뷨һֲͬ޳ͨлͷսʤͷ༧޳Ѿˣжͷǲܵġ
༧Ȼĳֶ༧˵ȷģʱ޳༧û˵Ϊʱ޳ͷѾԼչ˽ʱ޳Ѿ޷һսˣ޳ʱ֮ţɫĻѾУ༧޳Ƕ̽ȻӶʱ༧޳ͷϷ˳ֵ׼


1823 ɫͷ
޳Ѿһͷͷ޳˿𾪣û뵽ͷ˵޳һ޳˽ʵȼҲ˽Լʵʲô׶ΣȻ޳ʱȷԼǷܹսʤͷǣսʤͷԼ˺ҲǲСģôʱôԸǧۻߣȳӵѣ޳΢΢һǣ޳ͷֲòս
޳༧վҵ϶ˣʱͷ˫۾Ŀ޳༧ˣʱ༧޳ȻĲͷȻıԭͷǳͷȥӵĿ£Ǵʱͷҫʲô༧еĶ̽ȻһӣǶ̽ͷ֮ϴ˹ȥڽ̹̽ȥͬʱ༧ͻȻоԼӿһر𣬺༧ûгֹһ
༧΢΢üͷָо༧ĻԪȻı궯ʱ༧Ǻɫ̽Լ֮侹Ȼһ糿ŵ⣬ǽüһߣÿһ༧һǿһ֣ʱǶ̽ٵͷϮ˹ȥֻ̽༧ԭԶֽɫ߾Խǿң༧΢΢һüͷƺ༧ʱ֪Ϊʲô
Ƕ̽ͬƴıһ㣬ٵĽӽͷͷӴǶ̽һ廨һ㣬Ƕ̽ٵͷԻţڻƵͬʱһɫΧˣȻôľˣڽӴͷƬʱͷƬȻһ˿ѣһƬƬѲûͷֳ̫ʹĸоʹͷ˿оǶ̽ȻڹţԽԽǿҵĹ༧Ȼ̽ĹûʲôЧⱻƬһ˳Ƭ˵ļӲ
ʱ༧΢΢̽˻ǣ༧ջض̽һ˲侹ȻǽɫԽԽңԼܿһ㣬ֲܿƾͺ༧Լһ༧΢΢ʾһ˿ʣ༧ͻȻоһͷĿѣϸұ΢΢һ¶ͷζ֧塣
޳ԭע⿴ͷȻ俴༧ʱ״޳̷˷༧ֻǴʱ༧һ˿룬޳ֵĿŴʱ༧޳еһ˿棬༧ͷͷûж༧ʲô޳˿棬޳ϸȥ޳һϲʱ޳ҵԭ
ֻĸͷ֮ϣһĹĳţߵĳ޳һ˿ǹߵĲͬ˵ͷÿͷҲһ˵ָͷһиôͷͷֱ˼飬޳һ˿ͷ㣬Ȼ޳֪ͷֱʲô£Ǵʱ޳һֻҪͷвͬĽôͷͻвͬķӦôͷʱ϶ôѸ٣޳һЩƻ
޳ÿͷͷȥͷͷһŽͷʱ۾Ƕһ㣬ͷͬǣͷ΢΢תԼ۾ͷȴǲһʱʲôһ޳ķǻɫĹߺ˿˿༧Ķ֮̽ϣǶ֮̽ϵĻɫ༧ƶȥ޳ߣƺѾ༧ʱѣεԭ
ǣ޳Ȼһɭɫףڲ֮һ޳һܶţһ֮ܶ޳µĿɭĻ棬Ȼ޳ȻĲ֮֮ʮĻˣ֮޳ɭĻһĿǻɫߵͷͷԭͻȻƫһɫ濴ȥɫͷ֮ǰζһ£ڻζ֮ɫȻƮţǹƺͷһͷ֮ɫĻһΧͷƮ
ʱǻɫâͷƮĻ棬˿֣ǻɫͷһתɫ棬ǻʱĴιһ㣬һ㾧ӨϹ⣬Ϲĳ֮һĹ߼ͷţ޳Ŷǹ߲һ˿ȤͷһĨЦЦ֮޳ɫһ
ֻ޳Ȼһ䣬ǶϻȤĻɫͷ޳ԼĻȻ˳ȥǹ߲ǱȥһƮɫĹâʱԶԶȥҶкһɫĹߣһĲ֮ͬһƮСһ㣬ɫıóһ˿˿ĹߣһĹ²ĵƵףԭ쾰ɫø˿أǸһ
ͷûмĹһֻͷԭɷıһ˲ü˿棬޳ϻĿǻɫͷ֮ƮȻһֹâ޳Ȼһ䣬ǣһֻ֮ͷһɫͷͻȻһ⣬ԭɫĻɫͷͻȻһȻȻк֮ɫʧˣһڸ֮޳оһ˿޳ϹʤɫĵƹҲ޳ȻĴʤ˼ֻ֣ǹȻǿ֮ٵǻɫͷϮȥǻɫͷȻһԭѤɫȻıǿٵɫͷ۾Ʈ˹ȥƮȥ֮ԭĵ˲˵壬һĹâڿٵɫͷƶ޳ּٵתת֮ɫĻһı仯š
ɫͷڲŸоɫԼ۾ϮȻ䣬ǻɫͷ۾һɫĹ֣߳ڹֵ߳ͬʱɫͷ۾ŷһĹߣǹͬؼ䴩ֵ⣬ǹʱͷǻɫͷ۾һĺɫǽɫһɫĺۼ̵ѪҺһ㡣
ʱǽɫâɫۻţɫڽɫâҫһıǱͺСĻһı紵һ㣬޳һӡĲڲͬʱɫȻĴ˼֣ǱϨĻ˲ĹߣǻĿʼ̣ˮı˲֮һ֣ڳ֮޳˫ȻǰһƣǱתɫͷ۾б˹ȥ
ǻɫͷ۾еĽɫ߽ĵֵסɫĽһ˿˳֮ǻɫͷ޳֮һɫͷ˹ȥ


1824 ɫͷ
ֻɫͷ֮ȻŤһǿƱͷ޿Ȼſſ֮ɫͷһ˲Ǳԭƶıֹͣ˶ɫͷڻɫͷǰڶһ֮󣬽ǱȫԼĿУڽ֮ɫͷͷһϹɢȥȻɫͷȻĺ䣬һɫƮ˳
޳ԭɫȻĲһ£ʱ޳ȫоǱϢ޳ǽеӡת֣ǴʱǱϢǸо޳һһ˿ԤУɫıѾɫͷˣ޳һĨֵĿɫͷʱɫͷøӱһ㣬ۿ޳һɰȻһ˿䣬ʱĸͷѾָԼλãĸͷ֮ϳһߣǹĸͷһ֮ǹѾƵĺɫͷƶȥ
ǣʱ޳˿༧༧һĻָţԭڿеĶ̽ȻĻص༧Уڻص༧֮Ƕ֮̽ϵĽɫƹâʧˣʧ֮༧ǷźɫâĶ̽Ȼ˿޳༧¶һ˿棬Ϊͷڲûٴν޳ԼǼ޸˵ͷ
ѵ𣿡༧޳ֵʵ
ǣͬһʧôǾ޷ϣ޷ϵĻǵͻᱩ¶ǷǳĴѾ֪ǲһɱǣҲǣĸͷҲܻɱǡ޳ȵ˵ȻɫͷһĻָţ޳ɲ޳һһθоԼǰϢ
ôô죿༧ʵһ˿
ǡҪôߣҪôս޳ͷݺݵ˵
༧еĶ̽ȻӶ߲ҵԸ񣬿¸ķ񡣡
޳༧΢΢Цһ£һ⣬ֻʱ޳ڵĽƿȻһҹȻһ㣬ǹȻһ֮ʧˣ޳΢΢һüͷʱ޳һ˿ǽƿƶȥһСһ㿿ǽĵطںڰнĶڰ֮΢΢ɢһ˿â޳ǹâȥǹâԭ񵽵Ƥ
ƤţʱƤƺͨһ㣬ڸо޳ڿԼ֮Ƥ΢΢ƵȻһչˣ޳չƤ޳Ƥչʱ漸˼£ڽ֮ƤϷ߸㣬߸һͼͼǱǣֻƤ֮ϵıƳһ˿˿Ƴ֮ʼƤǿհ״Ʈȥԭ⻬ƤʱȻʼһĺۼۼֺƤ֮ϺһǺ֮ͼ
Ƶƿʼһı仯ڳһ֮Ǳͼ˸˼£ֻƤ֮ϳ˼֣޳ƺףֲûг̫ʱ䣬ڶݵ֮ͣһȥ޳һĻڵ޳ҲƤҪʲô
Ƥͼ˻ȥƤ֮ɫϢţı仯䣬Ƥϳ֣޳ֿȥֻǶͷĽܡ
ͷͨ鼶ޣ൱ߣ޳ͷĵȼͻȻһ˿޳Լʲô𣬾޳΢΢һ֮ƤϾȻֿʼƳһ壬޳壬Ȼ޳徹ȻܵʱԼ
޳صߣ꣬԰ϾʯΪ
޳ȻԾû뵽ƤȻʲô֪޳΢΢һ޳͵͵Ŀ˿ԼԵ༧ֻƤϾȻֿʼĻûƤûһʱոճģ״޳ͻȻֹƤı仯޳΢΢뵽˵˽˰ɡ
޳ڱȽϺǣĵȼ޳֪ĵȼ֮ôԼĶ࣬Ǿ޳Ҫ鿴ĵȼʱ򣬺ȻһǿԼԱ߲޳оؿȻһƣ޳·ͷȥ
ֻڵͷԭѾ˵ͷѾ޸ˣҴʱֲͬɫͷƶһ˿˿ϢϢγɣͷ֮ǹ߷͵Ĺ˹ȥ޳ͷʱ޳оǿԭΪͷʵԼ޳ڵ֪Լȼ֮ڲŸоʱԼͷ
ǣԼ߻༧༧ڵԼо˵ӦñԼͲ˶٣ȫɱͷ޳һĵģʱͷϵĹù˺ܶ࣬Ǻƺͷ޳༧ˣвû̫ıֳһֵ飬ͷþûмһֻͷں֮Ȼһ˿޳༧Ȼһһ֮޳ϵɫȻ˼֣༧еĶ֮̽һ˲սϢ༧ͷǽһ֡
ʱȻ䣬ͷ֮ƵĹâȻ֮߾ȻҶƿԭҶʱȻʮɫâ޳༧ܿȥ޳༧ܵʱɫͷͻȻ˹ɫͷͻȻ˹˶ҲȻվʱ޳༧ǽҽҺǹ̵ҽ޳༧һһΧͺܸĿ˺ƣһı֮˳༧̽ӶŽӭҽݺݵĻţԭǷҽȻɢȥɢȥ֮ҽһСһ޳༧ǰʧˣʧ֮޳༧ǰʱǰ޳༧ȻĳԾ
ͷʵھ޴Ǿ޴޳༧ԼֻǴǰһֲ޳༧е˿˿ĲӦʱ޳пֻͷһ֣Ҫ˵ͷˡ
ʱ޳̧ͷͷͷ޳ԶԶĿȥԼֻܹͷ˫۾۾һһ㣬ǵɢŹĹߣǹɢţǹ֮޳ͷɷ۾۾޳༧оԼǰδеȻһ£ԭΪͷɷ۾бضɢϢ޳ھȻ֣ͷ֮оȻһ˿ϣǶ׷


1825 ڵֽ
޳༧ͷǰԵôСС޳༧оԷǳǿ󣬿ڸܵǿ֮޳༧Ϊͷŷ𾪣޳༧Ϊ֮һǣͷѾʼ˽
޳оԼһ쫷縧޳Ȼ쫷ķȥֻ޳ͫһǽĶԼײ޳༧֮ٵǽȥһӰ޳༧ϣ޳༧ôѶӲӰĲ֣޳༧ʱѾԵĸоԼıһŻһ㣬Լҵȼţȼ֮޳ͻȻоԼ֮ϻԪҵ궯
֮޳΢΢ĵϢ֮󣬽ԭĻԪȥ֮޳ȻӰ֮ȥһ˲Ժ޳ͻȻоԼıһǿɨ˹ȥǽһ岢ûнӴ޳༧ǿ˵˳ȥͬﱻҶһ㣬תһʱ֮޳༧ǿסӰ˻㱼оԼθһӦ
ǻûü˵ɫͷͻȻ˹Ƿڿһ˿㣬Ȼ޳༧ҵԺ޳༧оһȳ֮˹˻֮Ȼתٵطܶȥǵ˸ոͷȻҲ˹ⷽǽ޳༧·߸ˣ޳΢ֻ޳ɫ濪ʼͷȥ༧޳ĶǱŶ̽ϮŽӽԼͷ
ԶԶȥ༧޳ڻæĻǰͷĹͷͷȻȥԺȻ˻Ȼ˻ֿ֮ʼֽ˫ͣڵ޳༧֮һεκҺͷȻҵĽţڽԺͷȻҲһ˿ƣ͡
ǣҵĽ֮ͷͣʱͷͷԳһ˿ƣ룬޳༧ҵĺţؿ༧޳һ˿ʱ޳ȻĴŴǰͷͷǴʱ޳˲֮޳ƺܵһǿͷ֮ϲˣ֮޳ԭŵȻطȥطȥͬʱ޳༧Ȼ˹˶㿪һ˲䣬޳ԭվĵطҵıըһڽ޳༧岨ˡ
޳༧ܵǿͻȻһû뵽ôǿ󣬵˻ûס壬һϮˣ޳ȻܵϮǰϴθӵǿ޳ȻһȻ޳༧Ա߶ȥֻǣ޳༧֮ʱȻͷͷ֮һ״壬γ֮һ缤Ĺ޳༧ɨ˹ǵ޳ǿӵĸɿݣ޳Ĳһ˿죬޳ͷͷϵ״壬ⶫ޳˵ƤʾֽгйԣܹȻ룬ȡ֮ô˽һʧʧҲͻȻʧҽӡڳڣñ⡣
޳һ˿ĳˣ޳оԼз·һʹԼõ޳Ȼľ棬Ϊ޳ûдõԼľȻĸо
޳΢΢Ϣ֮Ŀ⿴Ǳ߸ǵһĻˣ֮ʹȥȥ֮޳ȻĸܵڰнƶƶλԼλã޳һתԵ༧ʱ༧ѾǾڵķֽˣ༧֮һĹ֣߳޳״ʱ༧ʵֻǸոշ⾫ڵǿԷֽģ޳༧Ȼܵʱ޳Ѿ༧ڵ仯ţֱ仯༧֮ڵ޳Ѿ϶ǾڵС
Ȼ༧˫ۣʱ༧˫֮гһӡģӡĵĳ༧ȥӵأֻӡһĹ˸ţ˸ͬʱ༧Ȼһųֳ༧֮ϵ˲˺ܶ࣬༧һĶ޳оһ˿˼飬ֻ༧֮һ֮༧ϵķ˲٣޳ԾĿ༧ı仯޳Ǿڵ˼ȤȤ֮޳΢΢ҡҡͷΪڵѾԼ༧Դʱ޳Ҳʲô
ֻǣʱ༧Ȼ޳˿ף޳ûмΪȻ༧һһ˸ţ˸֮༧ͻȻɫͷǰɫͷкԵһ˶û뵽༧ȻͻȻʱ༧еĶ̽һѪҺǰɫţδͷӦ༧еĶ̽Ѿɫͷ۾ȥɫͷϷĳȻ༧Ϯ˹ȥֻǳڿתı༧Ȼһ⣬༧ţ֮һѩĹ༧ϳ֣ƺǽ༧ֻȻ޷༧
޳ȻĳԾֻ֮ͬһߣֻǹǴ༧Ϸֵģ޳˿֣Ϊ༧޳֮һŦŦĳ޳һʱ䲻༧ͼ޳ת䣬Լ徹ȻȻĳ༧ԣ޳ȻһǴʱǳȻֹ༧Ľոס޳Ȼֵϻϻڲ֮޳оԼȻҲˣŦ༧Լͨ޳ɫɫһĽ֯ţһĽ֮֯޳ȻоԼըһš
ʱ޳ļȻĲǾ䣬޳Ѿ˺ܶ࣬Ǵʱ޳Ȼţ֮޳һӯĸоϮ޳ʱһҵĳ޳壬޳һɹɽȥĸо޳Ȼ˫ͬʱֻ棬ɫ汻ɫţڰ֮ɫľȻɫ棬޳оʱֻ޳κʱİûдﵽ۷塣
޳֮һĺ˫֮гǻĵӰͻȻ޳˫ǰȻһƣ˳ȥڿϽ֯ţͷȻҪӽɫͷȻͷŤڱ仯š


1826 ɫ
ͷҵı仯ţڱ仯ͬʱһɹǿ޳༧оһǿҵĳ⣬ԭ֮Ŧı仯ţڱ仯ͬʱ޳оԼԭȻһ˿谭޳༧Ȼɫһ䣬޳༧оͷƺ谭֮ݣǣͷڼš
ͷĲɫĹâǹâͬʱڿٵںһ޳༧оͷʵٵţͷͬʱȻıСţԭ˶ͻȻС֮༧ԭĹȻ˸գ༧ͷɫͷϣֻǱƬͷͻȻı֮ȻɢһĨĺ⣬ͷʵĲѪҺǺһǺɫâת˳ڳһ˲Ǻøӵķʱͷͷ֮ϣһ
ֻͷŤ˼£һֺڸǵʹͷ֮ϱ˳޳ϻȻͷϮ˹ȥǣϹڽӽͷһ˲䣬һȻϻɵˣǳǡͷйĺ⣬޳ڸоͷضž޴ܹʱΪͷṩǿ
޳༧һ޳ͻȻоһڽӽԼɫͷ֮ϵĳȻҲʼ仯ԭһֱǣ༧޳ʱȻɢһ׹⣬ǰ׹֮оȻһĸоʱǰ׹ķΧ֮ڣеĶȻ˱ǾӨ͸ı齫ҽһĸǣڸǵͬʱһɹǿĺˣڲ֮ǳ˲ֳһѩ״ӡǣӡеĹĴƶʱǹı÷ڷͬʱһѩڰ׹в
ɫͷڿȥǰһһ㣬ڱͬʱɫͷͷȥ˿Ө͸ȴǷɫĹߣ޳༧һۺ󣬾ĿһУһʼʱֻ֪ͷǻԼǿ˿ͷƺô򵥣˷ֲͷʲôͷǻԣô⺮˼Ĳ˽⡣
ѵͷǻ༧޳ʵ
ͷǻֻҲ֪Ϊʲôɫͷ֮ϳ⺮һǿҵĺϮǡ޳һ˿ʵ˵ţ޳ѰŴ𰸣޳ƤƤʱȴûʾͷϢΨһ޳ȷͷǻԵ
ǣһȻϮͷȻ֮ͷвˮ壬ƺǹ޳༧һ㣬˼峺ԼϮ󲻵ûжܣҺ˴˿ɫ纣һƮƮͬʱ޳༧ǰһз̫ջԣ˸оʱԼ꼫ĲЭɫһ㾧ӨľĴƮǾĹСһԾš
ɫ޳༧˹ȥͬһ˹ȥʱ޳༧ûʲô仯˲֮ɫĹȻһǾɫĹҲʧȥ˸ոյ飬ͻȻıԭٵĹھȻʼɷǳ࣬޳༧ԭͻȻǣѾ޷ѣΪɫѾ˰Χʱ༧ھڵҲڱ仯ţ༧˿˽⣬ڵ仯ͬʱ༧оԼһ˿˿ıڵļӾǱĺҲԽԽԡ
༧оһǳıǱĸоҲڼӾţ༧˿ɻ󣬶ļӾҲѾݵ޳ϣ޳֮һ˿˿俪ʼϮ޳ڸǳԾʱ޳Ϊ༧屻ͷˣ༧Ǳǿѹȥ֮޳ָо޳һ˲֮󣬽ϻע뵽༧棬ʱ˵֮Ļָһ˿˿ů⣬ǻδ޳ĸоһ˿ů༧ڵڵɢһ˿˿ı䣬ʱڽ޳ע༧ϻɡ
޳༧Ծ˸о̫˼飬Ȼϻɣȥ޳༧оԼ϶ܵ˺Ǵʱûиõİ취ⲿɫ༧ڵıΪһĻô༧оԼ޳һҵǸʱڵҲʧǣ༧һ˿˿ѹ⾫ڵеȻǺ޽
ʱɫĹâѾӽ༧޳ڽӴ༧޳ʱ˸оԼ񱻶˾ڤԨһ㣬Ȼı޳༧ľȻֱһ˿˿Ľ˵ڣֻ޳ʱɫȻĽǷ˿˿ϻҵţȻ޳崦γһ磬˳޳ȲȻĿʼƣƵͬʱ޳ڷȻĴ޳һĵȻ棬ֻвǿһ㣬ҵ赲ɫĽ룬ɫûܵκһ㣬ֺɫĺϻ𲢲ͻ޳ȻĳԾû뵽ɫĺȻɵͻԼǿ㣬ʱ༧ͬǸо棬༧µᾧҲʮֵǿ󣬵ǣɫȴûܵκεĸţ˾ǹ߿ȥǹ߿ȥͬʱɫͷҲ˿ʱ޳༧оǱĸо
ɫͷȻԺ˵ͻȻһȴıģڱģͬʱ޳༧оԼ岢ոô䣬ɫĹҲʧȥһ˿˿ĺ⣬޳༧ǸеԾѵɫͷıԼ뷨
ʱ򣬺Ȼɫͷ˫΢΢ȥڱµͬʱ޳༧оǺı仯ţڱ仯ͬʱ޳༧оǱڱһĻԪأ޳ڸоԪ֮ΪԼо˴󣬿༧ͬоǱĺȷǻԪأͬʱһû뵽⾹ȻǻԪ۶ɡ
޳༧ȻһȻһ֮޳༧Եĸоɫͷ˫ۣ˫۵һ˲䣬峺һɫĻ΢΢ǳȻɫɫȴһԪγɣγ֮ǻԪһķţ޳༧ʱоһ˿
ԭҽ֮ϣһ˰


1827 
޳༧Ȼһ˸оԼ˻һ㣬ԭĺҲıûȣ޳΢΢һû뵽⺮Ȼ˻ԪأԪ޳ı仯ţ£±ȣ޳ڵĻԪؿʼıе޳ڸоԼڵĻԪ˿궯
Ȼ༧޳оɫ֮ʼԼȼȼյͬʱ޳༧оԼڻһ㣬ԶԶĿȥһɹɵ͸˳˸ţ˸ͬʱһɹţڲ֮޳ԭǿҵƻ޳оԼѾ˿ƶһ˿˿һ˵ϣǹ߿ȥı䣬ȴ˸оȡ
޳༧֮Ŧıɫɫɫīˮһֻţɫ֮ڣ޳оһɹȻԼȼɿݵҶһ㣬ɫ༧޳ĳţ༧һʼǿѹԼ庮ѾıС༧һĿʼ仯༧ĵ˪һ༧ĵﴦʼţƵͬʱһɢţ༧ȻоȻһ˿ʣڸоһ˿֮༧֮һ˿⣬Ȼ༧ǣת
༧ǰ˪һתһܣתһ֮༧һ˿ʸǴԼתţתͬʱŦƮ˹ȥɫĹâڽӴ˪һĹâʱȥһˮһ˼ɢˣʱ༧ѰɫȴǷѾʧˣǰ˪һʼ޳˹ȥ޳оһ˿ӿӿʱ޳ڵɫ濪ʼһʧ޳֮ʧȥ޳Ȼһʱ޳ͻȻõʲôһ㣬ǰ˪֮ɫıСڱСһ˲䣬޳оɫâϤ޳뵽˱޳ʼɫİ
ǲдԼڵɫıɫ޳ɫ֮޳Ȼһ죬Ǳ޳Ѿõû뵽תɱĲȻŻԵֻһ֣ǾеĺÿΣеĲҲԸֺܴĴ޳һֱõֻ޳һֱûȴڲķ
Ȼʱɫͷа˪Ĳ΢΢˸һ£ɫͷѾԼѾ༧޳ƽ⣬ɫͷɫ˳ڿпٵĳ鶯һ֮ݺݵĿ޳༧ʱɫͷֻ۾ﾹȻһֻ޳Ӱһֻ༧Ӱ˵ӰȻһУ޳༧Ȼһһ֮༧޳΢΢һɫͷǷһԼʽĹߣȻĸͷ۾֣ڳ֮޳ÿͷжԼ༧Ӱ޳оһ˿˿ĲɫͷȻոֻ̽һ༧޳ʱͷǿʼĽ޳ǰоһ˿£ΪͷͷڳԼ༧Ӱһ˲䣬Լ༧ӰͷоȻˣһ˴ˡ
޳΢΢һ䣬ͷ¶ҪɱԼʱ޳ȻڰɫȻֻʣһ˿޳Ǳ޳ܹϢѰǱ޳ʱȻ֪ͷб޳ɱǣΪͷԲͷԲͷһּѵõޣν޾Ѿ̵ͨޣںཻ֮󣬷ԼϲĶзǳǿȻԭĸԸΪ˷񣬲ͷ˵֮һ޳ɱͷͷһжԼĶԼôͷ֮»ṥˣֹǿģһͷϸĿôɱ޳༧޳༧Ҳ֪ͷ˼ֻ˲˵ѣΪ޳лͷ
ǣ޳༧΢΢һû뵽ͷĶԼɱ䣬ʱͷҪɱˣôͷһѶȵģض༧ڽڵֽ֮ѧ˸ĹЩѾʧѾõĹЩȫǾӶĻԼûгֹģѾ༧ˣ༧еȻûб༧ȫĽ⿪ʼ༧ѾСˣʱ޳༧ֵĻ޳Ҳоܳ༧ĺ޳һսʤͷ
޳ڵĳһ˿Ļָڵתţϻ޳ֽһˣ޳ϿȥȽСʵ˵󣬵޳ڲǿ⣬ôܹɱͷܱ֤Լ༧İȫ޳ķѡ
ʱ޳ѾǰԼĵڷӡΪ޳һã޳Ȼǽӡĳһ޳Ὣ޳һֱԼܹգԴʱ޳Ѿӡ
ʱͷʼһıÿֿ޳༧Ȼһû뵽ͷһ˲˼ԭʮͷøӿ£޳༧һۣдڹͬɻǾͷոɱˣôͷԿɱˣֻ̽Ļо̫ôͷҲ˲ɱˣ˿֣ͷӵȻûɱԼ
ʱ򣬿һĹ߳ˣֵ߳ͬʱͷʱʼŤŤ֮ͷñ޳༧ûҵʲôԭֻͷӣ޳༧Ҳ֪ʲô޳༧Ѿܵһ˿Ĺֻͷʱͷʼ༧޳Ϯʱ޳ѾоˣͷսҪʼˣֻǣʱ޳֪ͷ᲻ӣӵĻôԼ༧޷Ըͷʱ޳δ֪֮С


1828 
ͷһţ޳༧Ȼܹоͷӣǣ޳༧ûκΰ취ֹͷһӣͷֹͣŤʱͷһƬڹ⣬ֺڹͷ֮˳ƶ֮Ǻڹһźһ㣬ǺһĽҶɢȥɢ󣬴ʱ޳༧ѾǺںڰпһ˫˫۾ǳ۾кѪҺͷʱǹ죬޳оһ˿ԭɫͷȻȫ˺ɫɫһָǿӿ˳ʱ޳оһ˿ĲȻ󣬾ʱǺһͷ֮һ˳ͷȻĽͷͷһ⿴޳༧
޳༧оһԼ˻ûӦֻֻͷȻһĻ棬ǻ澹ȻǺɫģúҰ޳༧˹޳༧ȻԼǰ½ᾧŻ̫ңǽᾧͻӴһ˲ǽᾧѾ˵ѺۣڲѺ۵ͬʱ޳༧ͬʱоһصԼ޳༧Լ˼֣߼֮޳΢΢еһ˿ɣ޳༧ѾڻΧ
ǣͷĽûнǣͷȻ˦壬˶β˺ɨ˹޳༧һʱδֻ˶βȻ˴˳ȥͬʱܵǿĹȻǽᾧɢȥһĺɫ޳༧ڿǿס֮һǺɫ˹ȥǺɫ淭нˣ޳༧һȻ忪ʼźڻ𣬵ǺڻٶѾӱܣֻǺڻ˲Ϯ޳༧壬ֻоԼҵʹȻ·һԼһ㣬ԭƤķڹ⡣
Ǻڹ˵з֮༧޳ͻȻоԼ񱻵ȼһ㣬ʱ޳Ȼתڵĺɫ棬Ǻ޳ǺɫĻ沢ûκεЧһ˲䣬޳г˺ɫĻ棬Ѿӿ޳ڣʱ޳κ˶ɫĻԼ壬ǣ޳ʱеˮԪȫԼ֮ϣڵ֮Ժ޳ȻܹоǺڻյʹǺڻʱڻ˺Լ塣
ʱ༧֪ΪΣǺڻԼ֮ȻݵʹǺڻĺڹȴѸٵȥһɹɫڻеܶţܶʱ༧оԼ˺ܶ࣬ǵ֮һӿ˳ӿ֮Ǻɫ澹Ȼһˣ༧иеһû뵽⾫ڵеȻ˵ǿǿͬʱ༧Ҳо⾫ڵ֮ڵǿ󣬸༧еڵ񷨱һ㣬ܹлԪصĹʵ༧Ҳ⾫ԾĲٿأ༧ڲûʲô󰭣༧ڿ޳ʱȻ䱻޳ڵһǺɫĻ޳ȼţˮԪҵĸ޳彵¶ȡ
ǣˮԪزˮѾ޳ʱ޳޳ˮˮ棬Ѿȫ˺ɫ༧оʱܽ޳ȳô޳彫ܴܵ˺༧Լڵע뵽޳ֻʱ༧Լ޳ӵŦҲ˺ɫǺڻʱͨŦ༧ӿʱ༧۾һתȻԭ޳ע˫ֹֻͣ༧ǺɫԼ˹ǺɫĻڸܵ༧һ˲༧ӿ˹
ʱ༧ڵȫӡ˵ڣڻɣôǺڻ𽫲ԼϣǴʱ༧ֻһסԼ壬ȻǺڻԼȼȼ֮༧оԼʱҵʹţǻڸܵ༧󣬱༧ӿʱ޳֮ϵĺڻһļţʱ޳΢΢۾ʱ޳ҲΪʲôԼǺɫȻˣ֮޳Ǻڻȫ˳ȥʱ޳༧ȻһԭԼϵĺڻȻ༧˹ȥ༧ʹı飬޳ȻһʹȻȻԼע뵽༧ڣ༧ԭʹıĻһ֣޳༧屣ʱ༧ǾڵȻͷ˳ֻȻ༧˹ȥʱԭҵĺڻÿʼ༧еȴһš
΢΢༧ѾǺڻȫˣ޳Ŀ༧޳༧ܺһ
ǣʱ޳оһԼ˹ֻǻδ޳֣༧Ȼı˳ȥڱȥһ˲Ƕ̽ȻĻ裬ڻͬʱ༧оԼӯޱȣԼڵȻע뵽Ƕ֮̽Уע뵽֮֮̽Ƕ̽ȻһӣһɫĹ˳ȥǺڹڽӴһ˲䣬ȻʧӰ٣ͷͷԼȻͷȻ˻Ȼ۾еľ༧˹ȥȥһ˲䣬༧оʮ˫Ѫ۾ʱҪԼһ㣬༧Ȼӵɾ༧Ȼĸоͷı仯޳༧ĶȻ༧˹ȥڿмӰ֮޳Ѿ༧ǰ
Ӱ£ֻ޳һϻͷϮ˹ȥ༧еĶ̽ʱ˸ͬӰһ㣬ͷ˹ȥͷƺѾ˵ͼֻͷŤǶܣǣ༧޳һۺȻת壬ӰȻѾͷϿգסӰȻϻͶ̽ͷͷϮȥʱͷŷԼѾϵˣǣʱѾˣϾ޳༧ԼӴ̫ˣǣͷȻƬڹʤÿƬƬֻһŵĹâǽɫĹâ޳༧յʮ༧޳ʱ˵ͷͷ۵ĵط
޳༧Ѿ϶ضͷǱĶҪȻͷͷôܹӵǿһදӵеߵϮߵôͷ˲ʧȥͷϮԼ
ͬʱɫͶ̽ѾϮͷֻƬļӲϮ˺ͷ̫Ȼ˺Ƕݵͷעһߵ˹ȥ


1829 ᾧ
޳༧ߵ˹ȥҵλõʱȻһ޳༧ԭΪߵͷĵطû뵽ͷߵ֮ؾȻô̡
ֻͷߵ֮һҫţֽɫڰϸ˭ҲܿɫڽĵطһƬƬƬӲޱȣ޳༧ƬȸҪӲƬ֮һᾧ棬ȻһĽᾧߵԻˣǴʱ޳༧ȻͷߵϮ˹ȥΪͷûз޳༧ԼҪ֮ͷ޳༧ԼҪ֮ôͷض⼫пܵͷ޳༧ķˡ
ǣ༧޳ߵϮ˹ȥֻ޳˫ֻȻĴ˼֣ڴǼֺеĻͬһߵ˹ȥʱ༧еĶ̽Ȼһӣһٴߵᾧ˹ȥ˵Ȼǿ󣬵ڽӴߵᾧһ˲˵ȻʧˣʧȻһǽᾧ֮ϳ˵ѤĲɫɫĹȻһǹ߾Ȼһɹ⣬ǲʹ޳ʶ⡣
νǧУǷֵȼģᾧͬǷֵȼģᾧĵȼΪ弶Уߣᾧֽᾧһֻи˲ܲһ޲᲼ᾧͷȻǿ󣬿ᾧּʼΪ㣬Դʱ޳ΪԾ޳ͷضͷС޳Ȼûͷ޳ȴ˵ͷǿ󣬵ǿ󲢲ͷǿ󣬶˽ʩӸ֮ܽŴ󼸱ͷųȥ޳ˣԼսĲͷͷˡ
޳ʱҲǾ棬ǧۻصĶѨУ޳Ϊֻǧۻһ޳û뵽ȻⶴѨ֮лôĴڣȽǿ޳΢΢𾪣޳оԲڴǧЩֵ޳Ϊʲôôڣôǿô֮ɽǲС޳еĿ£ԼֻɽУûн磬޳ܵͷǳֲˣĵǴ½ϣ޳
ʱ޳ᾧ˼ôᾧ޳оȿǵӦôͷ޳΢΢˲Ϣ֮䣬޳Ѱͷˣ޳ôѰңͷ˺ûдڣ޳ȻĳԾû˲ٿͷôͷôôǿ󣬲ͷº͵ϰԣھȻô壬ԭ򲻽Լ༧ҪͷƾԼ˼ж
ڴʱͷ޳༧ԼĹȻߵ֮һ˱˹޳༧沿΢΢¶֮ɫ˶Ϯڶ֮ʱ˵Ȼǰţʱ˻ѰһϮߵΪϮߵõķΪ޳ɱͷͷ಻ͬʧȥڵ֮ٵͷһͷʧȥڵ֮Ȼܹֻûˣ˵򵥵ͷˣǲ
ֻйͷߵ޳ܹǧۻߵϳȥѰǧۻߣȳ룬ѾĿͷߵֻǽᾧѾȻĴָһ㣬޳༧໥һ֮ȻԼȫᾧ˹ȥ޳Ȼ֪ᾧ׷Σ޳оԼ༧޷ᾧĻô˲Ҫ˷ʱˡ
޳˼ʱǽᾧȻ񶯣֮޳ȻоǽᾧȻһȻԭĽᾧȻһ֮ɫʧˣ޳༧ʧɫ⣬һϲãϾȷܹϮᾧᾧֵסĽǾ޳༧Ҫ֮ʱǽᾧ֮ȻһƬ⣬֮޳оһشԲߣԲҵͷߵۼǣ޳ڷ֣ͷۼǹԼǱߵ
޳༧ڸȷضͷҪȻĹڹ֮޳༧ǿǽɫԲߴԲ΢΢Ĳһ£ȻǽɫԲ֮һɫķ϶ĳ֣ںɫķ϶֮޳һϻ˹ȥϻ𼴽ӴǽɫԲߵʱͷɫͷȻ佫ϻˣϻɵͷԺʹ࣬Ϊɫ֮а޳޳ǱڵǱɫͷȻɫɫĹâ͸ͷй¶˳ͷȻʹ֮ͷĻָֻϹȻûɢ
ͷʱȻ޳˹߿Ȼſһ˲޳Ϲ߿пȥֻͷĿѾѪģͷѾոյϻˣ޳˵ͷȻڽţڽͬʱǿһŵĺڻ֣ҵ޳˹ȥǺɫĻڲһ˲䣬޳΢΢һȣ޳ȻĶ˹ȥڶܹȥ֮޳һϻǽɫĽᾧ˹ȥʱ޳֪ԼҪᾧһʱ飬Ҫʱ䲻ϵĽҳʱ䲻ϵĽҲ֪ᾧ᲻ѣϾᾧƽʱ޳õĽᾧǸ߼ᾧֽᾧѾ㷺ΪһֺѻƵĽᾧˣᾧ޳ǲ׵Ŀᡣ
ʱɫѾǽӴˣڽӴһ˲ɫɢˣǽɫԲǳһ϶༧ȻĽԼǽᾧ˹ȥڴ˹ȥ֮༧оǽɫԲȻĲһ£ǴʱֻͷѾʼҵĶ˽ˣǽߵĽȻĴܣǳһ˿޳༧ȻҵĽߵᾧ
ڴʱߵ֮ϵƬȻ˼֣֮޳༧оĸʲôƬƬһ㣬һĹ߷˳޳༧дɻ󣬵ֻͷѾϮʱ޳ܣ޳༧ͻΣգΪͷȻĽںһǳ޳༧оͷһ˱㿪ʼһȥȴ˵ƶٶȣ˴ʱ֮Ǳһ㣬޷ѣ޳༧ȥ


1830 
һ˲֮Ӵ޳༧м˹ȥ޳༧ǷɹȻһ쫷ǿס塣
ס֮޳༧ûеȴͷ´ν˽ȻĽһڽһ֮޳༧ߵĽᾧȥϮ˹ȥһײߵĽᾧͬĲһ㣬ĺۼ޳༧ǿٵĽȻǿײһ𣬶ͷתԼߵ˺ǣѾˣʱǽᾧȻˣ֮ǽɢˣͬ鲣һڿķţһ˲֮ʧˡ
ʧ֮޳ͻȻоߵƬһļǿţڼǿͬʱ޳΢΢ܵΧڿٵʧţ޳沿ͻȻһͻȻһ֮޳Լ༧ϵǽɫĽᾧ񲢲Ǳ˹ѣͷᾧѣǱ㽫ᾧתƵƬ֮תƵƬ֮֮ͷֽ޳༧ԼתԼȻƬ֮ϣƬ൱ͷ޳༧˵ԭͺϮͷһӲĻܡ
޳ףΪʲôԼ༧ᾧʱͷȻûֵ̫ķԭͷԼӹ޳оͷǻۣ޳ȻһԼٵĲֹһǿ޶޾иǿǻۣͷǿ޳ڲ֪µ޳֪Ǳʲôط޳༧˵˵Ĵ
ʱ༧ǲĿǼӲƬ༧ͷķĸߣһޣôʹҪ֮ҲͷһôߣԼԵıϾͷ༧Ű취༧Ҳûʲô취ΪƬ̫Ӳǣ༧Ȼĳ֣ӲӲԼ֮Ż֪༧Ȼһɨ˹ȥɨȥͬʱ޳༧Ķ֮ͬһƬϮ˹ȥ˿ƬײǣͷͷûжܣҲûзʱʮ˫۾޳༧һĨı飬֮¶ĳЦ޳༧͸ӹԼܲ˵Ƭ
޳༧ƬȥֻƬӴ֮Ȼ֮ɢһżײϴκһ㣬Ƭȴûκεı仯ûб仯һ˿ҲûУ༧޳ͬʱһۣڶǺһ㣬ǣ༧޳ûзǿȻҵĽţҵĽ֮˴ŴƬƬȥƺֶ˼˿ͷˣеĳЦǼӾ˼֡
޳༧ڸоһ˿ƣû뵽˾ȻͷļƣôҲû뵽ᱻһƭʱвֹǰûڣԳ޳оԼȻʵ̫ǿ󣬿ԼôҲڱһƭԼȷǱһƭˣָо޳Цǣ޳ڸҪôƬƬļӲ޳һģ޳ͷķӦ޳Ҳ֪ԼܹƬͷϲͷȴʱʱ̿Ž׼ͷķߵģ޳ѾȷԼܹƬˡ
ʱ༧ûзһ㣬ҵĽ֮༧Ҳˣǣ༧ʱͷɢĶ˶壬ڳЦ༧༧ȻһŭֻһɫͷȻϮ˹ȥϮȥ֮༧Ȼ֣ͷȻĶˣȻͬǳЦĿ༧༧һ˿ʣΪԼû뵽Լ޳ЦˣǳЦһֺܴĳЦֳЦ༧һʼûоģ༧ʱȻŶ̽ͷͷϮ˹ȥֻ༧޳Ȼ佫༧༧Ŀ޳֮кһ˭ֹԼɱͷԼ˭ƴһ
ϵˡ޳˵
༧ŭ۾֮һ˿ʡ
ͷǹ⽫ǼŭȻǾʧȥǣʧȥ֮ǾͲúõ취Ƭ޳༧˵ʱ޳ѾоʲôͷȻһа취ǻ۱Լ޳༧˵Щ
˼ǣƬǿƵģм򵥵ķ༧ڻȻһ㣬ʱ༧ȻһתŭʱѾӰ޳Ļ֮༧װһ˿Լߵı顣
ԣҪ侲˼ƽƬķܼ򵥣ͷǻ۶ԸǣϿȥôӲôͷַԸǣΪսоۣͷҲһڿ϶ϢȻָװЦǣԼŭǶֹĽȻǵȻԻǣƬѻƵļ󡣡޳˵ţֻ޳ܵ͡
༧΢΢ͷ༧Ѿȫͷ뷨ʱ༧ɻ޳ʵô죿
ڼŷŭǷȻŰ취޳˵
ǣǲȻ𣿡༧޳˵˵ŵʱװһ˳ȥ
е٣ĴС仯ֻˣֻ֮һ˿ǸоģǱҲ൱ǻָ޳༧˵˵޳һϻ˳ȥϻ𷢳ȥ֮༧ִʱ޳ϻȻǿ󣬵༧ȴܸ֮ܵһ˿ʲôٵĶ༧оϻ񲢲ô͸һ㣬Ҳƺо޳ڵһָţ༧΢΢һЦʱ༧̫޳һ㡣
ͷʱҲо޳֮кһ˿ʲôͷ֪ʲôȻǴʱ˾裬Ϊ˻ָһ˿ǲû赲޳༧Ƭʱͷ༧޳˿ͷΪ֮϶Ը޳༧Ը޳༧õĶ࣬ʱͷĸоԴһ˼Ȼһͷ˼ǿ̫ˣʱ޳༧ûзԼļƻͷ˵ļƻָʱԼƻԼļƻ
ʱ޳༧Ȼڼװţڽͬʱ޳༧ȻŰ취ʱ޳ǻƬ޳뵽ǻƬǧۻߵƬҲ


1831 ɫС
ʱ޳༧Ȼڼװţڽͬʱ޳༧ȻŰ취ʱ޳ǻƬ޳뵽ǻƬǧۻߵƬҲôԼ༧Ҫǵ뵽Ƭ֮޳֮Ȼһ飬λʥڲ׽ԺȻûҺӲƬôʱлҺԼ༧Ϳʡ
޳Ȼ༧㻹ǲǵλʥϮʱõĻҺ
޳Ļ༧ȻһԼҲ뵽ʲôһ㣬ͻȻȻĿ޳˵ǵãҲǻҺ
޳༧ĻȻһ˿ˣʱ༧ָƼһɳҺڿУֻΪ༧жȽأҺ岢ûʲôعâͷûзʲôȻһֳЦˣȻָԼ
ֻǣ༧޳ĽһעǻҺע뻯Һʱ޳ĽҺһ˿˿Һ֮ţƵʱ޳ͽϻȻĳԼУڳԼԺ޳ȻĽ༧Ҳע뵽棬Ϊ޳㣬һ⻯ҺĳڿУҪΪ˽ƬļӲڻȻһ˿ҺܽƬ룬ǿʢ⻯Һ޳ȷͷߵƻͷӵй޳ͨƬ
޳صı飬༧΢΢һ㶣༧Ѿ޳뷨༧΢΢һЦ޳ı飬ҲЦһ£ֻ˵ı鶼ôأΪʱͷڹעԼ༧޳ǻҺɫҺʱǺصģǴʱȻһͷгһ˿ڲ֮ͷ񶼿ʼ˾裬Ŀ޳༧ȻоʲôֻͷȻ޳༧˹ڽ֮޳༧Ȼĸܵһѹѹ޳༧ѸٵĽɫƬ˹ȥڴ˹ȥԺ޳༧ִʱͷʱı˷򣬾ȻԼˣͷȻϻ˹ȥ˹ȥʱ༧޳ͻȻоһ˿޳༧ȻͷϮ˹ȥϮȥʱ޳ȻĽϻͷ˹ȥڴȥͬʱ༧еĶ̽ٵĻţڴʱ޳༧ͻȻоͷûдڵˡ
޳༧ѾͷѾԼ༧ļƻѸٵͷ˹ȥͻȻͷȻ޳༧ԭû׼Ȼľһ£ǿ˺ܿĵԼͷ˹ȥ˹ȥ֮޳༧ͻȻоԼƺǣˣ˲֮ȻתΪϻѾƬӴˣһ˲һӿ˳ƺû޳༧еǿ󣬿ǣҲѾǻҺ뵽Ƭ棬ƬӴһ˲䣬ǳ㿪ʼ港ʴ˹ȥֻǼӲƬʱȴһƬĵһ㣬ԭӲƬھȻһ˿ڻڻ֮޳ͷߵ˿˿ѪҺֻѪҺǰɫһ㣬һɫҺ˳֮޳༧ԭڿлͷʱȴǼʹࡣ
ͷȻŤţһ˻ڿд˳ڴ֮޳ܵһǿǴͷ취һ㣬ʱͷߵƬѾȫĸʴˣߵ֮һ󶴣Ǵ󶴺һȱĶߵĴϷһ˿˿Ĺâǹâţ֮޳ߵ淺һ˿ǿҵĹâǹâȻĴʤʱ޳༧ߵһԴǷԴһɢŹâǹâһıþڱþֻ֮ߵһɫ޳༧ҵĴ˹ҵĴ˹֮޳༧Ȼһû뵽ߵȻйԣǿǿԼ˹޳༧æĶܣڶܵʱѾ˵ǰ
޳༧Ȼᴦһᾧᾧ֮޳༧ȻĽȫע뵽ᾧ֮ϣֻǵǽᾧϣǽᾧʱǽᾧʱѾһķ϶޳༧Ȼǽᾧ֮һע棬ʱ޳༧͸ᾧͷͷʹŤ壬ΪͷŤߵзĽ޷޳༧ֻҶĴķɢţ޳༧ߵдݻ١
޳༧Ȼһ˲֮޳༧Ѿͷߣʱ޳ɭϻѾУϻ𻮹һߵ˹ȥڷɹȥ֮޳ȻĿϻߵըˣͻȻͷһһ֮ͷĵȥڵȥ֮ߵһɺɢ˳޳༧ȻһΪǺֵͬʱһǿˣ˲֮ǺɢˣҲʧˣʧͬʱͷϵĺڹȻʧˣͷˣҶԭĺڹҲʧˣ޳༧ŻָһȻĸˣǾʱ޳༧ȻͷȻˣϵ˸еһ˿ľȣȻһͷʱͷˣͷεһ˿䣬޳༧Ȼû뵽ƻͷߵԺͷȻ޳༧ȻĳԾ
ʱͷͻȻһĹâǹâƺʮɫֻâʱȴǳһ˿˿ĺƣͷ֮кһ˿ЦݣԼļƻɹһ㣬ֱ޳༧Ȼ֣Ϊʱ޳༧оһ˿ϵĸо
˾֮ʱͷԭӴȴٵıСţڱСͬʱ֮ϾȻһââͷȥһһ㣬ͷʱͬոշСһѣСڱС֮ڰУڰ֮޳༧оһ˿֡
Ǿʱͷ༧ޱƮ˹ƮͬʱСΧ޳һȦƹһȦ֮С߳޳ǰʱС߳ʵͷ֮⣬͸һ˿͸༧С߼ĿɰСԴ֮Ȼ˻ȥջȥ֮޳༧һۡ
ڶһ֮ͻȻϸָͷȥǵ༧ָ쵽һʱͻȻ༧ָ˰УȻĿ޳


1832 ߴ
༧ϸָһ̣༧ֵĿ޳ԭ޳ɫСߵıͻȻӲΪʱ޳༧ĸоһǾͷһǿŷ˳༧޳ԭ˵飬ȻñɫСߵ̫ǿڵ༧֮ʱһǿ༧༧޳ȻĸоԼʱѾ͹ɫСˡ
ʱɫС༧޳˹ʱ޳һɫС߿¾ͷ壬ͷԴԴʱ޳òͷǷʱʹԸԼ༧ΪǰεĽ޳оͷǻ̫ߣ˵仯һöֵİã޳ڶɰС˼ֽ䱸Ǵʱ༧һ˿˿⣬С߿ʱ༧Ȼԭ˫ɫСߴ˹ȥ
޳һϾɫСߵͼ˽⣬༧ڵĶ˵ǾԵΣգ޳赲Ѿûʱˣʱ༧ѾɫСߵ壬ڴɫСʱ޳Ȼоһ˿˿ɫĹâɢ˳ɢ֮޳ͻȻɫС֮ϾȻһ𻨰壬С磬޳Ȼһʱ޳ΪͷҪʹʲôС
ǣʱ༧֮ȴ¶һĨЦݣ༧ϸָСͷϵȥÿ㶯һСͷϾͻɫͬĹȦǹȦͬһɢţɢ֮༧оСǱĸӿɰԴʱ༧˶ͷĽģΪСͷһ༧޳ͷڹ۲֮޳Ʈ˹ȥ޳ǰֻСͷ˳ȻĿ޳֮Сۺ޳˼£޳оȻ˼£ȻѸٵȥС߿޳֮СǸȥ޳༧ֵĿСߣ޳༧ʱҲ˿⣬С޳༧ѾʧȥߵС߲ӵǿС֮ϵ˵Ŀֲֻͷڲ֪ôͷˣ޳༧Ҳе㲻ףΪʲôͷͻȻСˣҽԼļȫӡһģһһҲ޷ģǣͷȴܹ޳˼ǣͷ񻹼һЩҪ飬Ȼ޳֪ʲô飬޳ڸұ֤ɫС߼һԼʮõϢ
ʱͷȻϿɰޱȣͷȴǱһƻڱСֻͷƻеһ֣ʵͷͿʼѰܹƬˣֻôʱҪôǿҪô̫аͷûһͷͻȻԼĶѨԱ߾ȻһǿǿͷǣͷԽԽ֣Լ滹һ֧ԼƬ֮£ͷ㿪ʼƻϳȥΪͷϰԾǰɣϲ˿ƣͷڳֵһ̾ͿʼԼļƻ޳༧һİԼƬڻƬ֮ͷǿƬµȫɢˣͷѾԼߵתˡ
ڣͷдһʾÿ׶СӦСڼֵϢǸǰˣԺͷļƻʲôô˭Ҳ֪ͷСԼҲ֪
޳ԼǰƮˣСߣȻǳʣǣСҲʮֵĿɰ޳΢΢ֽС߷ŵԼУ޳С߷Լеһ˲䣬޳оһƬڱ֮޳оС֮ڵȥ޳üĴһȻȥ޳вûе£Ͼֻһ˲ĸоǸоһ˲֮ʧӰ٣޳Ҳûе棬ֻС߿ʼССͷֲڲͬķ򣬲Ƿۺ˳޳༧СɫСһĨЦ⣬ɫС΢΢һ̧޳ֻ˲֮£޳༧ûз֣Сףʱ޳ѾǩԼԼ˭Ҳ֪ʲôԼ
ɫСߵС޳һʱѣϾС޳֪Լԣڻ˽Сߵϰԣ޳ǸоС߷Լ˿ף޳ὫС߷ȥֻСڷȥֻ֮СԴȻһζԼѾ޳УСȻĻζ޳׷˹ȥ޳΢΢סӰֻСѾԼɫС˿ŭĿ޳޳Сгһ˿˿ķŭ
޳С˵߰ɣû취㡣
༧⻰һû뵽޳ȻǲҪСߣ༧СޱȵΪʱСȻûй֤Сǿ󹦷ܹѱԼޣôȻӣ˶飬û뵽޳ȻҪ
˰ɣôǿҪԼսʤˣ༧޳˵˿⣬ʱ޳һ
û취ǽ֪жٶսŲ𣿡޳΢΢˵Ȼ༧
ֻ༧ûʲôӦСȴһ
ֻ༧⻰ֳ֮һ˿âǹâ༧ţ֮һһСĶˣƷԺ޳ȻĳԾƷ޳ûмĻ޳ҲûмԴʱ޳ֵĿҰƷƷ΢΢ź֮ʧȥ˹âȻ༧лζ˼¡
ʲô޳༧ʵ
ߴ𽥳ɳĵط༧ζ˼޳˹
ôⶫ޳еߴоߴ΢΢ɢůϢ
ΪȻкܶ౦༧޳˵ʱ༧˵֮޳Ȼ༧һ޳ЦЦ˵༧Լ˵Լ޳Ҫһ㡣
ֻʱͷСһߴȥͷСߴһ˲䣬ߴ΢΢⣬ǺɫĹâԺȻһůϢ˳޳оȻһů֮޳еߴ˽ƿ֮С
ʱ޳༧̧ͷ˿طԭԨʧˣʧָֻ֮ǳǻָԭ״ĵΣ޳༧˲ԶǲԶǧۻߵϳ޳Ӧ鼴ɡ


1833 
޳༧໥һ֮󣬿Զĵطгһᾧֻᾧڿ˻ȽԶΪǧۻߵϳȻԼܹǻһξ룬ʱ޳зһ˿ɣǧۻ߲ܲᷢԼ༧ҸոͷôǿǧۻҲ֣ܲǣǧۻߺûзһǧۻ߲û޳༧һĻɣ޳༧Ѿоǽᾧǿ޳˼Ϊʲôǧۻڻûִ޳ڻ֪
ȥ𣿡༧еĶ̽΢΢ʵ
޳û˵ǵ˵ͷڲȥûʱһΪ֮޳ֻǶݵĸܵǳ쾧ʯǳ쾧ʯ㿪ʼʧҵ޳Ҳûиоǳ쾧ʯڣ޳Ȼһ޳༧ɱǧۻߵǰǧۻȻôԭֻһǧۻæһЩҪ飬赲޳༧Ҫǣ޳Ѹǽᾧ˹ȥ༧޳Ӱ׷˹ȥӰʧĵطһӰſƳˣӰ޳༧ӰһЦԭĵ¶һ˿ء
ãһǽᾧԴڴ֮ǳǽᾧ֮ϣֹͣĵط΢΢ӰӰ޳༧ʱ޳༧ͣϿգƾղĽᾧ˸еһǲɱսʤģڴʱǵϴ޳һ޳ȥֻ˲ԶһڽᾧԴţûз޳༧޳ʮֵĺ棬û뵽ﾹȻĴڣ޳༧Ӱ㷢˲סģΪǳ쾧ʯ
ʦᾧǶƲǻôõǳ쾧ʯⲻǳ˵𡣡ͷº˵
˵֮ºһȺ˳ˣһ飬޳⼸˱ضеĸˣһĨɢһֹУǣ꿴ȥȻޱȣһְȴʾ˳
磬Ҫ󺰴Сһ˵˵֮תǼˡ
ʦ֣ϴﲻӰԭǻˣôǳһλŻµ߿Χһ˵
ʦܣϴʮǰˣı仯ȴеᾧĳ֣´ʱǳ쾧ʯѾռˡǰ˵
˸ҺҿǻĲͷˣеȻĺϱգ˫֮һֱʾ˳
Ȼǿ󣬿Ϊ˾ʯҲǲðΣյġǱʦֵ˵
ʱ޳༧˿ף⼸˵ĳ޳е󲻵Ȳ˵ôҵ쾧ʯģ޳ɻ⼸ôģ޳Ʋ⼸ǸոճֲãҪȻԼͷսʱϢǲܸоģͻȻĳ޳ӻ⼸ôֵģ޳ʼҶгڡ
Ǿʱһ׹ȻϮ˹޳΢΢㣬ǰ׹޳޳ոסǱʦֵԶֺ
޳༧һۣԼѾ¶ˣǱһϹһ˱Ȼǰ༧޳Ӱ
ԭǰ±ʦֵ߿༧˵м񣬿ü֮޳Ϳˣ༧ǻӭˡ
飬죬أʦ༧ˡ༧бֳЩ˵Ĳ
Ҳ־ʯ֮£Ǵʦʵ
Ǻǣʦ˵˼Ϊʲô޲Բ־ʯ֮أ༧̧˵
ʱλҲǾ棬⾧ʯ֮½ϳ಻ļ֪Ҳ֪ü˴һڻѵ˭©˷
༧һЦѾض²ԼΪʲô֪򵥵˵Լţ˵Ǽ϶ضţ༧ϷˣЩ϶һ
༧صøлʦµַȻСŮ޶ۣǻ˼е˼
Ůô˵ʲôʱַˣ༧ĻȻŭ
ҿʦδزҰɣ˵ʦֺھȻܸޡ쿴˵һĨһ˿Ū
죬Ѫˣŭȵ
ˣҪˣ쾧ʯ½ģ˭ȫõǾҪʵˡ鿴༧˵ֻԷ⡣
ʦ˵ĶԣҪʵȰϽһҪǾҪ翴༧а˵
༧⻰Ȼһ䣬һλһѾϣֻȻķ˳ȥؿȻһƣһѪѾȾ˰¡
㡭ָ༧˵˵Ѿȥֻ΢΢˼Ѩ֮һע뵽ڣ΢΢˫ۣһѾָˡ
޳һ߾Ȼ˲佫κˣ޳һ˿ɻΪʱ޳о⼸λȻʵǿ󣬵ǲûǿ˲㽫κõĵز
ʦһͽ༧û˵
Ůʵڿʦֶ˵㣬Σֻ޶ѣĻ˵㣿˵˵Ƕ֡
޳ͼȻһֻѾѹȥǴʱֻǾ༧ֻ޳΢΢һЦ˵λʦ˵δ̫˰ɣ
û˵ֻոջָȻ޳Ҳʦ˵
һӨİɫ֮г֣ǰɫϢһӯֻ޳΢΢һЦ޳Ѿص˸ոյλãȴ˸ա
ʦɱǣǻ߳ȥ綼֪ʱǾֶ˼ˡ˺ɤ˵ǰĲʦʦǣˡ
Ҹо˵ֻҪǲ˵ȥ˭֪ɱġ޼ɻ˵⻰ǹ༧޳һ
ɱǣʦֻҪ˵仰ʣµļ˷׷˵
ȻЩͻǣƽȣΪ˸Ե棬˵̫鿴⼸˵
ʦ֣֪µʲô㲻췢Ժ಻ھôһһŲ֪ʲôֹСӣֲһӱɽɱ˭֪ɱģ˵


1834 ˲ɱ
⡭˿ԥ˵
༧Ȼһŭû뵽Щ˾ȻԼôɱԼ༧Ȼһŭֻ༧е΢΢ֻʱ޳Ȼס༧֣༧޳޳û˵ǰȥ
ɱˣôɱ˵ġ޳΢΢̧ˣһĨм
ʱ޳о༧ɱ⼸ˣôȻ緢ǸʱضңԼɱ⼸ˣôû취˵ɱ⼸ˣԼҲʦԸ뿪ǾûбĶ޳վ˳
˵˿̫˵
Ҳġ޳˵
磿˽ģʵ
Ҳǡ޳ػص
ʱ緢ϳһ˿˿ûʲô֮Ҳıض˽ģôСû˵϶޳ʵضôվ˳
Сӣɱ㣬Ͳʦˡ˵ȻӯԺ˫ȻĻӶ޳˹
Ҫɱˣ米һ
޳βδֻ΢΢һЦ޳ڻûг֣иӵţ翴޳ضԼ
缴Ӵ޳ʱͻȻ޳ˣλȻһȻһ֮ʱ޳ͻȻıȻת߼޳ȥǣδ綯ֻ֣޳һɭϻ֣ϻһ㣬ȻϣֻоȫľʹǺ󳷣Ѿˣ޳еϻѾĿסˣֻ˲֮һϻ֣λ߻ûӦѾһŻҽƮˡ
λһȻȻŭ˲䱻޳ɱ˱üȻ޳ΧֻţһӴʱĦ޳оλߵʵʱȻ޳޳ϻȻĴʤǰɫϻӴһ˲䣬Ȼһɢ˳ȥ޳΢΢һЦλѾ⼸ǿס壬⼸Ѿ˳ȥ
Ǽ˼޳ʵȻȻĽ֮ϵ˼֣֮λߵ֮һ΢׵Ļ֣֮ͬʱһ޳޳βٴ⣬Ϊ޳оһǿѾγɣγ֮޳оԼǱΧһ㣬ʱ޳Ȼ佫תתʱ޳֮תΪһԼһᾧ޳ǰ֣λߵȻĽӽ޳޳ϻ֣һø͡
ֻ޳ϣֻ޳ǰĽᾧȻĽһ룬޳ʱĻʣһ㣬޳о΢΢ɣ޳Ȼ֮ɫǿΪ޳һɱǣλѾ޳ͼȻλ߸еȣǲòϮ޳֮ϺˣֻǹȻĳ֮λ߼æȥ޳ûеֵڽ֮Ȼ޳λ˹˹֮޳ȻĽϻ֮ɢȥȻλ߷˳ȥǵȼżŴһ㣬Ȼˤڵ֮λϥԼϢʱ˸оԼдȻտš
޳ͬǲܣ޳˵һǧ˰٣޳ȻϢǰɫ޳ڷתţҪ޳˺һ㣬޳ڸܲʲô޳ں޳Ȼǿûܵһ޳ֱײ
޳ȻϥֻоؿһƣһѪ˳ʱ༧Ҫûɱˣǿ޳ӣ༧Ȼ޳ȥһע뵽޳ڣʱ༧ҲȻԼھûκεļԽԽȥ޳ܲˣ༧ûʲô취ֻʱ༧Ǿڵ޳ע룬ǾڵûнǰɫĻɣʱ޳һλʹõĲǻԪأ޳ԵĻһˮԪȻȥͻԪز࣬ǻ֮˻һȸУȸֻһּǱ䣬ΪＫطŻ
޳ȻˮԪأˮԪ֮޳Ԫͬʱתʱ༧Լܰ޳༧ֻעһЩ޳ǣʱλȻˣֻĲһŦŦڲ֮ľۼһھۼһ֮ۼֱˣԴʱ˵ڻָţڻָһ֮˽Ŧ룬ʱ˵˿ʱ޳ȻһȻһϲ޳༧ں˭Ҳ鲻λվ޳༧ҽ˰Χ
޳ʱˮԪص֮ˮԪţʱưɫĻˮԪؿ˹ȥڿȥһ˲䣬޳ȻĽԪתԪתһ˲䣬ǻȫԪظǣʱԪҵǻǻ޳һıţ޳̹һ˿༧޳ĻָţڻָԺ޳ԼȻָһָ֣һֺеѣΪôۣ͸ոյػ޳оԼ屻һ㣬Դʱ޳оԼָô͵Լĵⲻһʱ顣
ǣʱ޳оԼΧһĲڷ֮޳Ȼ˫ֻۣԼᾧ㣬λһʹϮ޳༧ǽᾧѾҪ˻ƣ޳ȻһһɫǷ˳ȥɫɳȥ֮λҲһû뵽޳ܵͬʱ֮ɢȻôǿᣬλϽԼϳһĽᾧ
༧ˣʱ༧о޳ѾܹԼϢ༧Ȼվȥȥһ˲䣬Ǻɫ̽лӶλ߿༧ĶȻȥʱҲףȻ˵༧Ҳܽ༧ɱܾˣϾĵطʱôԼ˱ض뵽ڱ볷롣


1835 ɱ
λ߼༧Ŷ̽ϮԼȻһȻ༧ûֹͣǾ༧ҪӽλߵʱλȻܱγһϣƽᾧȴûнᾧȥôΪֻܶݵ赲˵Ľ赲֮ϾͻȻʧʧ֮󣬲ߵĹҲʱڼһ㣬༧λ߽ϲ£ʱ༧϶λ߶ʱûʲôõİ취ˣ취Ļλ߲ô
༧Ȼ̽裬ڷ֮༧оһȣǶ̽ںϽӴʱ򣬲˿˿⣬ڻ֮༧оһԼγɣ༧Ǻ棬༧ΪʲôԼϮ֮ԼȻǿˣǣʱλߵҲǿ༧Ǻ棬ǣʱȻʧʧ֮λߵƺѾָˣ༧еĶ̽ȻһǿλϮȥ
༧Ϯȥ֮༧λߺȻķֿλ߽༧Χ棬ͻȻλ֮ϳһĹââ֮༧оԼҪըһ㣬ʱ༧ŷԼϵˣΪλ֮䣬˽޽䣬ҵǽӴޣض֮أ༧֮ͻȻһɫĻ֣༧ΪʲôոԼϻоӣԭ֮Ѿλһֹ⹦Ǳ༧ʱȻ׻𣬿ǣʱ༧ûм٣ΪʱȻܹ༧˺ǣλߵĹϾڻûȫָ༧˻ǻ
ֻ༧֮һ֣ǱȻſ˫ſ֮һ崦Ϯ޳λ߶Ǵһ޳༧Ǵ˼֣Ϊ޳˽༧̶̵ʱ༧ǵ˵ز޳ҲȻľȣǾ֮޳λߣλߴʱ༧ȻλȻһû뵽ڵ༧Ȼô죬Ѿˣں༧֣ôԼ治һܹ༧ڵϢе޳ָͬλ߿ǰˣȻλ֮ϳһĹââ༧֪ǾǵĴ䡣
һǲôģִȻܹ뿪˵ضܵ˺˺һֲԤģ˺Ҳ˵֣֮һˣôҲˣ༧еĶ̽ӶڻӶ֮༧ϮȥΪʱ༧»ڣΪ»ھ൱պԼ鷳༧뿪ǣ޳λߺѾ뿪ˣΪʱ༧Ѿλߵ
һ⻷Ȼλߴͳȥ༧һ˳֮༧ԼڴݻǹȦһĲ֮༧ȻǹȦϮ˹ȥǹȦһĳѣ֮༧ѸٽеĶ̽λߣλһǱֹͣĶͻȻøӿ٣ԭĹâȻճ޳ѾճһĹȦȻֻ޳һɫȻĴϣ鱾Ȼһ£Ȼ֮ϲѪǰѪһɫĹâͻȻıը巢˷ѣȻʬ޴棬ǰһλһǸȴǷŭŭü˲ûֹͣеĶǹȦȻһ֮Ѿ˳ȥֻ༧޳еȴǴ˸ա
༧޳һ֮Ȼ佫еջڣǴʱ޳һ˿ǣΪ⼸˵ܿܵԼڽΣգҪ˴ﲢۼиֵĻôԼԣⷴ޳΢΢һЦʱ޳սǿߣֻսǿԼֻܹǴʱ༧ɫ¶һ˿ʣΪԭܻɱλȴûлɱĸѾܣ༧ףλȻʵǿ󣬿½ϻűǿϺܶˣ⼸˵ʦ뵽༧沿΢΢һ
û취ˣǼȻѾҲû취ġ޳̯̯˵
༧û˵ĿǧۻߵĽᾧȥʱ༧Լ޳ֻпٵľȳõ쾧ʯˣΪ˾ԲưոݣѾ֪ͨǵʦ༧оԼ޳ԵĲֹǧۻߣʵ˵ʦʦԼµİ˴ӡ
ô༧оԼ޳ӦҪȻԼ޳ضĺܲҡ
༧޳ǧۻߵȤǱ뷨޳ı飬༧Ѿף޳ȳǲߵģ༧û˵ǿǽᾧȥ༧ֻٽǧۻߡ
޳༧ٵıӰһ˿ɻ޳Ѿ֪˴ţ༧Ķ޳Ѿ˿϶´޳༧ȥֻ༧еĶ̽Ȼ˦֮ǽᾧ֮һ۲ڽ۲֮ǽᾧֿٵţ̫һһƬֻ֮ٵĳһƬᾧᾧһΪ޳༧оᾧ֮һ޵Ķ棬˵ô壬϶飬༧޳вһ˿˿ľȣڿٵŰ취ְ취༧޳оһ˿ѡ
ʱ޳Ȼ˫ִʱ޳˫֮вһŵɫ棬ɫ֮޳˫Ȼǽᾧ˹ȥᾧȥͬʱ޳˫ֺڳŽӴᾧֻ޳˫һǽᾧ˹ȥڴȥ֮޳ͻȻоԼ˫ֲһ˿˿ľľкԼѾ׵һ㣬ľ֮޳ȻоԼ˫һɫ׵ڲ֮޳ͻȻĽԼУ༧޳ڵľٶȻһ޳֮ڣô޳ȻڻܵϮԴʱ༧Ҫ޳ںѾˡ
ֻ޳֮һţ֮޳ͻȻоԼŷһ𻨣ǻԼȻıŷţڱŷ֮޳оԼľһں׵ӴţڽӴֱ֮ǻ𻨶ɢ޳΢΢һ֮Ȼֲ֮һ༧Ϊ֮һû뵽޳ڻܲһ


1836 ŭ
ϦѪɢͻأĳ֮ϣͬϡɺ˿˿졣
ڳǵһ״ĽΧеͦΣһλߴϸΧһС
Ų԰׵ɫʣϦ²ûһ˿պ죬۰İ߲߰ɿɵĽ͸¶żƬƬҶ⣬һĨɻƺ
ڲʱ˻Ƶŭһ̴صĿ˳ȵĿʱײš
ĿʿĿ΢΢һĨ־壬־岢û̫ͣתۼָֻƽ
һ󽾿ЦɳƵĵͺﴫΪ˭˵￴ʲô
ڴ֮УһƬɫĹ߰ˡ
ϽɫӽЩƫݵУϽɫñ沢ܿߵɫľȴ۾˳ոǵͺǴ߿з
ܵĵ̹Եøӹ죬ûһĿ̹ۡ
ߵŭһ˿־壬־ʧӰ٣ֻµĲ֪˵ЩʲôϾԼʦֱɱˡ
ŭвŭ罫ɫɴ»¶־ı顣
ž
һİտĴ֮ǻ˳ȥϽɫŽƱߵһ˫ݺڵصϡ
ʱԳָĺۼ˿˿Ѫǵûʹ࣬ƽһ˵ʦ֪ⶼǵĴûģʦֺͶȥ
һõ˾ȻܲʵĴȥֵطҶǵۻ͵ģھȻ쳣ķŭֱ˼֡
ʱ⻺һӰӰ֣һɫ飬ȫ᫵Ťɫ㣬ΧĿ֮յ˻˻ֱ졣
Ӱغź۵Ĺâӳĳһڰߡ
Ųӵļӿһ㣬һڰ߼˵ԽԽֻһʽ£һɫƴһͷںڵĳԼԼ͸¶ӣš
ȻߵŵĽɫȴȲ
ӰߵͫɫͻȻһԭŭº
ӼݵʧԶӭ΢΢𾴵˵
ԪǳͣѪƲض񡣡Ԫ岢ޱ˵
Ԫ˳ۿվһԵˣȻһ˿ɻƽʱھȻˣѾԪˣԪ˿⣬Ԫ岢û˵ʲôϾֻЩԼĵܵ
״΢Ľ͵ոڿǵĹΣû뵽Ȼû̫ĳ
Ԫɺδһˮ񰵲һ˿ɻ󣬶ƽʱλһ𣬽ҲûмԼĵܵܣԪӲˡ
˿־ĿǱԼӵᲢŴ˵˵أոҽ̵Ĺѧ𣿡
̻ص˵⹦ȷ
Ԫ忴λ߲û˵ƵԴ˵ʦʲôɣ
һ˿ǻǼװ˵ӣû˼ǸոյȷΪҶӺûл
ʦ˵ãҿܶˡԪݺݵ˵кѾ֪һЩһ㣬Լĵܵһֱõ쾧ʯǾʯأԼĸʲŽܵ͵ڱչأǸʻǺܲĶӵġ
˿ڵƱһ㣬ż˺ļ٣Ǻ˲ѻ˵ģľɵվ
Ԫ忴ż˵ıиһ˿Σƽʱǰʮ쾹Ȼô΢ԪѾʼˣԪ岢û˵Ŀ⣬һ˿⣬һֲԤϮͷԪͻȻоԼĵܵںѾˣָо֮ԪȻоλߵ֮һ˿˿޵ϢţԪͻȻһЩ顣
뵽ԪıЩϾ޵Ϣ˵ϸоģԪƲ⼸˱ض޵أԼĵܼܵпѾ
Ԫɫ۽һ˿ȻԼʵǿ󣬿Ƕˣǵۻ֪󲻻ŹԼġ
ݵĳĬԪһߵ½ɫĽб뿪ˣ뿪ʱһ˫峺ӻλߵ֮޵ϢӵˣԪٵ߳ǴȻʹȥ
Ԫ뿪ⲻĴǽɫĽУӱ鲼ŽɫƣֽӴƵһǣƽˮͶһʯӷȦȦ
Ľ֮ɢһĨɫĹâɢɫ۲һειӨӫԭƵĴɫȫѹȥһλðĸоϮˣ˵ͫײŴ
򿪽УһۺɴƮ˳ӯ͸ԪԣƮԶһˮ㽿ۡ
ÿ춼Ŀúܶ༫ƷҲǾ˼֣ɴɢ֮󣬽еײдһƬƬӨ͸ʱıһ޷ɫ
۹͸ɢȥָ״СķۺоƬһƬ˼˵Ůϸָϵĵɫָһ㡣
⽫ƬУƬǿݺڵԵøķۣһз˿˿ɻɻ˿ڸոշڵϹ⡣
ڶѾˣƬ͵ۻиӦԼô죬ѵҪȥ޵ĵطԪ¾ۼĻôԼķսܴ󣬵ǲµۻᷢѾˡ
뷨ȷҲеֻеҿռڽԪռڷ֮п壬ۻҲпܻԼĹҪ켸һҵҶн֮ɱпܼٵۻʵķŭ
뵽Ȼʤ˿ʦӣȻһ⼸ΪҪɱԼ˷׷ģ˲֮΢΢£Ѱ༧޳֮˿ܸо༧޳ĵطѾһǿΧˡ
û뵽ǾȻҶֲǣ񲢲ңǻ֪֪ʹõʲôûʲôԵ̫˼ˡ૵˵
˵⽫ϣľɵվûһ˿Уⲻŭǻأ


1837 Ѱ
ǵãһ༧һʶ꿴ɱ˵һ˲䣬һ˲ʦֺͱɱˣ֮Ҳֻ˵ˡ
һĨ־ָֻ־˵ٶ˲ûзֵ˶û֣ʵ֪ģԼҲ˲ɱ飬꾹Ȼ˲ɱˣô˽罫пܻܵΪܹ˲ɱˣʵԼ棬в˿˿棬ֺһ
ڰпݺڵ֣һ־壬û뵽ʦ⻰ȻҲһֲԿʵǿڸеһ˿ңԼߵļʱԼҲ
ǣɱǵۻʵĶӣһ˿ʹոѣԼӲܣۻ֪ԼȻ޷һһĨĨĿ־壬ۻʵֶ֪ģҶڵۻǰ۰룬ҲܹԼϾǶвҪҳ쾧ʯ⻰Լ͵ۻ˵Լĸҡ
Ȼۻƽʱڻһ˿ΣȫжӵĴڣѾʼɶӵ䣬ڼһ˿˿Ŀ־¶˳
Ȼ䣬֮һ֣Ǻ֮ߵ˲䣬һϮȥǵڴ֮вţԺǺĳ֣Ǻһᾧᾧγ֮ʱȻ¡
ʱѾȫɳɫ񱻻һ㣬ȫʹԪһҽкصĵ˵ϣȫ𣬻ļȻһѪ䶯˺ҧ㣬Ұ׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ
ʿΪʲô£̤Ź洳˽ǿڵϳ鴤֮ȫӨװϳŨŨĺ⡣
ʦ档
ѵɱʦ棿
ʦôˣѵɱʦ档
£⼸ɱʦ档
˿֮Ҳһɻ󣬸Ҫǿ־壬Ǵûмʹı⼸ȴǿ־û뵽ٻԼİ˴չصӡ
ǿۿЩ˵ĽţһŽŵתţһδεĽӽһδεԶȥ
ڵϳ鴤ûϢһдʶڷۺˣֱһԪ¶ԭ񡪡ݣ
ⲻѪƺʿ˿ԾɱûмָԪ껵д̽һǷϢ
̫İˣʦ沢ûʦٻʲô쿴˵ʱȴĺΪûмаһݣʵ࣬ޡ
ͻȻ֮Ȼվʱ屳һɫĽᾧᾧĴһһ㣬ᾧŴ֮һĽ㣬ǽһƮȥһְ˸˸֮һĻָڻָ֮⿴ǰ˺Щսʿ΢΢һ㶺ָֻ
ףЩսʿֻǵۻﱣӵģȻ϶Լ𾴣֪Ѿ֮ôǽһʱ֪ͨۻʣ΢΢ЩսʿȥϾ֪Ѿˡ
Щսʿ֮˻ص棬սʿʧ֮ǰ˸㣬˸˲ûмһֱ˵ʦӵ½ǿǲûмѾоǰ˸⼸ȻؿһƣͻȻİ취һҫҫ֮һ߱仯Σǰ˸ڱӰ֮ϵʧˣǴûйһ㡣
ǣʱ⼸ͻȻ˾Ȼһģһֻǿ˺ܶ࣬⼸Ŀ⣬⿴⼸˵ı֮û˵ϾǼûмԼķ˸һģһķķʵӵǿʵ
ʱⲢû˵ǿˣ֮һâֻ֣һ׹⽫Լǰ˰ڰֻ֮ͷһռǳ֣ȻǰȻ仯һâǻռ棬֮һǿҵˣȻĳԾһ˲֮ʦѾʧˣףʦѾȥҿռ䡣
ʱ޳༧Ȼڻǽᾧֻ޳ڽеϻע뵽ᾧʱǽᾧȻıɫڱɫ֮޳ͬԼȻĿᾧǣǽᾧһͻȻһĻ棬ԭɫĽᾧͻȻ˺ɫ޳༧Ȼһһ֮޳༧оһǿᾧ֮γɣγ֮޳ԭɫâʲôΧһ㣬޳΢΢һȻ֮ϵĻȻĴʤ˼֣ɫâȻûм޳оԼѾܿơ
༧޳ĶȻϵһĶ̽Ȼǽᾧֻ֮ǽᾧĳһ˿ѺۣǳĻǿʢ˼֣ǿʢ֮޳༧оǻһȴȴ֮޳༧оʱǻǽᾧʱȻ༧оǽᾧ֮һǿԼ˲֮ǿȻʧˣ޳༧һϲǽᾧһȥ޳ɫȻһͻȻǽᾧʧˡ
޳༧ʧĽᾧȻĸˣ˶һ̤֮ǧۻϳ򣬿˸ո̤һĳһ˻ͷȥڿȥһ˲˿棬ⱳȻվһλߡ
༧ʱף⿴ʦ༧û˵ΪԼ޳ոɱͽܣﲻʲô¡
˼ҵͽܺһ𣿡⿴˵
ͽ˭û༧˵Ϊ˽ʵԹ˵
޽ҿʶ㡣⿴ƴԳһ˿⣬ֺصô
ʶҵ˶ˣǻ£Ͳˡ˵༧Ҫߣ΢΢һһ׹Ѿ޳༧ǰ
޳Ȼһû뵽ƶٶ֮죬ûκ˲֣һûһ־ǿߣǿˣںߡ


1838 
ٺ٣λôҪҿǻлҪǡһٺЦѾסȥ·иһ˿ϢǴƮݵȫγ˶Աȡ
޳֪ʱ༧ȴڰп࣬༧Ϊ֮Ȼ޳ܳȥȴ˿ûʤ㡣һס⣬ȻŻߡ༧ﰵ˾
ʱ޳Ϊסȥ·ãЦ˵˭ղŶ߹ͽܺǸ꣬ûΪλҪסȥ·
һ˿ݣ˵С޶ûӦϢѵ˵ѣ
ʱĿǿԶĽᾧղǽᾧ޳ƿʧ󣬾⵱ȻһŨŨĺɫšǺɫѸΧɢܿγһ󡣾ԶҲܸӦϴǿ
ǻߵĻ󡣡΢¶ɫŴ
޳༧ɻһۣ˾֮ģзӦˡǵᾧٲӡǰ󣬵Ͼܿǿ
۾۲޳аһСģڵѾȷԼͽͶӾǰ༧ʵ֪ɱ飬˲ֻ༧
ô϶ǰˣϵļⲻزţŭɱĵ
޳ɱӣҲʹΣСۻһʱ˵⣬Ҳܲ
ԣʱеķŭ֪ƽž޴ķŭɱѾٽ籬ĵزǳһ׹⣬ת
ʱǵ׹Ű˸Ư˸İ˸Ѿŭ˼㣬㾡ȫҲҪǰץȥϸϸʡ
С޶𣿡ŭЦһЦŨŨɱЦ
޳Сġ༧ɫȱˣòҰףȻ֪о壬ֻ˶Ӳѡ
λɣĪҪС֣
޳ۼ޷ӣз˵ȻСֻ֣ҪԼûҵԼ֣ڵĸ޳Ļᡣ
һԶĻƴ󣬰ȳסǰˡ˻ƴ󣬶ȡʯ
С޶ͽ粻֪кε֮£λѵ治ڷ
⵭˵ɱԽԽǿңֻиҪ˷豹ؽ磬ǷŭȴԳƽ༧޳Ȼƽɱ
棬ƣҲǱƲɱǡ༧޳ǰ˵Ȼǲκ⶯֡
ȻС£ݸмǰʵΪ¹ضӣϵŵİΣŲϧԳһ϶ǰ˾ɱˣʱϷŹǣ
༧ϻ˵ɱͽܣԹ־ܡ
£һѾ⡣
汾ԪѾصڣڴ˵صֻ߸Ȼŭ滹Ǻѣûбͷԣа˸ÿһʵڱ֮£ȻȫƻΪֳ⣬һȻصڡһ⣬ʹ߸ȫɱһԴ
Ϊڵ漶Ȼǵ֮
ô˵ҪΪͽˡ޳˵ţ༧һΧһ׹⣬һ㲻˸༧ԼΧռ䶼סˡ
޳漶ĴУȻҴ⣬˽Ԫ֮Χγһ
Ԫ֮СӻеС
޳¶Ԫ֮ԶڵѾͨӦһ
ʱߴѾȥĸΧס޳༧
޳ӣסǡ༧˵ϱ鼫ǲȻ֪ƾ˸ֵס⡣ֻһһ༧޳дӾĽ½ѳȻ޳һ⡣
޳ҡҡͷǵγɵĹǿ綼ɱģҪҲ༧޹صġȻܶߣ༧⡣
ְɡ޳ؿƴĴ
ʱµĸȻһΣ͹س޳벻ķλĵ׹ϴȥ
ʱĸ϶ɫǿһӾʹ޳༧ϣһӿľ˴޳༧䲻⣬һӾͱǿɢˡ
⣬༧üͷеĽǼӿնȥǹǿδն̣ƸӾˡ
Ĵÿһǲʵ༧ĹȻǵֵס޳Ҳȵط֣ԼĽԪ֮γɵķҲɫǰֻ֧һӾͱˡ
޳ǣԼýԪ֮γɵĹڱȻķȥ·̣޳ĽԪ֮γɵĹ˹ȥ
޳㾡ȫһȻȥ޳ʱɫˡѵҲ˽Ԫ֮ƵĹұĻҪ£ܽķƿ
޳ķƿ֮ʣ༧Ѿʶ޴ΣգеĽٲŻ
ڴʱ޳漴ǰһɫĻ棬ȻϢȥ
ϻ֮
޳ԥʩչϻ֮ɫĻϢس֣˲ͰסĴ
ǣ޳û뵽ǣɫհס֣ĴȻ͵ʧˡ
̫ˣ޳ϻ֮;˵ȴڴʱˡ
棬޳㵵غ˸ĴȻð˳Һ͵һγһ죬·ͻȻӵðġĴϣǿӿ
޳͸Ԫ֮һ༧еĽǿղסַ˳ȥƾĸо༧Ƿʱʧʱֵİء
Ԫ֮߾һ֣ݣ˲ڵϡ
޳ȻҲ֮ȴδ͸һ磬ķʹ˲޳༧Ĺ򲻵ǣȴûϮ޳ˡһ˲
ʱ޳ϻ֮߶ĻѾԼ༧ϧ˲ǡ߶ϻ֮ķ޳ѾеԼԽԽ
˶ãֻ²֣޳ͻľԴС


1839 
ʱںԶţظӦܶؽߵս
ѹСӵϻ֮ȻеаšӦ޳ϻ֮ǿԼķеһֹһ䡣
ڴʱĴѾȫռƾȥ٣ȫ޳༧ĹչϮǿΧڵĳɳһ쫷硣
༧Ľնȥһᾧһ˿𡣶޳һһģϻ֮Ҳ
ò˶ãֻ޳˾ͻֿˡ
ʱ޳н٣ԷȥӰԼǡȴԳ䲻Ľ͵ϮƬ̼䣬༧ΧѾˡ
༧Ľκβ˵˵ķᾧԶָӵҲ֪༧һָӷع༧Ȱܻ
༧ϾСʹ˵УıȴУ޳ϻ֮壬ƣڱȴǿֵס˵һ
޳ҧţϢӼˡ𽥱ľапࡣһľʱõ˶֣ͻ־ܡ
ʱ޳˼ƵеķԶûϮȻ˿ûа취༧ȻҲмתѰƵеķ
༧뵽취ûУ޳ҧһɫ滤ס༧ʵ
༧ȻһЦ˵޳ֻ֮ܶ࣬Ѳˡ
֮޳ţԺкȻһͷ˵Ԫô෴Ŀ϶ܿľˮˣҪԪأľԪء
ʱ޳뵽ʱǰһɵص˵һľԪءҪԸԪأֻпľԪˡ
ʱĴͻȻӿ칥ƣһᾧɫķ絶кХ޳༧Ϯȥ
޳༧ΧĿռʱı׺ݵȫȥЩγɵķ絶бͨв֪ǿ٣̶
༧һݣеĽγһӰڸסȫ޳Ҳ˿Ҵ⣬߶γһᾧסȫ
ľԪءʱ޳иǽ߶仰ҵ˿ķǾԸأ
ʱ޳ҲȻ߶ľԪأľԪԶԶԪأ΢һֻڷԲﷶΧһκס޳ҡͷľԪؾòܿԪأ
ʱ༧ȻϲһСӣ쿴¡
޳£ղʩչľԪ֮󣬴ʱֻϺȻðһֲľ
ľԪ֮༧Ʋס˵СӣľԪ֮Ӵ
ʱ޳༧ظоĴһͣһ£ƺסˡ
޳༧Ҳ漴ˡľԪ֮Ӵ˲ľ뷢ķʩչȻܵ谭
ڴʱԶţɫ΢΢һ䣬޳Ȼҵ˵İ취ôȻûвˡСӻ治򵥡氵ֹһ䣬Ӧܶؽս
ʱҵ˵зŵ޳ȻпϲȻʩչľԪֻ֮ԲʮﷶΧ˲ðľֲķڵƣòһð˵档
Сӣ벻㾹ȻҵƽԪ֮ķƾǵĵУ涷ֱ۵ҿǻǹԹ־ܰɡ
ƣĴֳɶΧסˡֻķЦ˵
޳༧Ϣһ˵ݣԿȻΣգȴҪղźõ㡣΢һ޳˵
棬ǲݷҪΪСˣȻˣض˵óıɡ
ߺߣÿСӣȻ˵ҿǻ˰ɡķ˵
һ䣬Ĵǰһ⣬˸Ź׻𣬷絶ѩУȻ޳ϴȥ
޳༧һΣѾһߣǸţȴĴӰξȻ絶кХ
ʱ޳༧ŷǾȻ㲻Щ絶ѩмĽĸѾѷԲﷶΧȫڷ絶ѩйУĸλ㲻
Ȼ㲻޳༧ҧҧֻӲƴ༧нһɽĽɽǰ棬޳ֱΧᾧ
ꡭ
вϴѩײڽɽᾧϷ׷ױ۶ϵ䡣Ƶֵס˵˽ǣ޳༧ȴɫͻ䡣
Ϊ絶ѩйʱͲԼͬȥˡǸһͷƺһ絶ѩеУ޷ǰŲһֻܱվԭصֵ
ã޳һȷĸͰԼסˡ
ʱȫããһƬ絶ѩУɱڣԲͻᱻ絶ᴩȥò˶ãľͻᱻҵ
ʱܸǽһ㺮һһ޳༧¿սУ޳༧ˣֻ´ڵ
༧ܵȺᵽϻ֮ƴͨһͨӳȥɡ
޳༧ȻʶѾ޷ôֻӳһһˡ
༧ҧ촽ֵϮķ絶ѩУһСӣܣԼӰɡа취ȥ
ܣȫããķ絶ѩУ硣ʹӳȥĴԴǿ˵Ѿ˾
༧ȾѪ˼˿ڣǿûзһ
æƳ޳һۣߵСӣҾɲôģ㻹Լôӳȥɡ
༧ദʱ䣬һ˵ĸо޳Ҫӣ϶ǲ޳ܵġ
̡ʱһͻȻ޳Ϸ
޳ͷȥֻ䶯ţߴͷçˡ
༧ߴů紺רеģͷçһȥʵ˯ˡ淢һ֪顣ֱĺѡ
ߴﱾǲо溮ģʵǿ󣬷Ȼߴڣ˯еͷç
޳ḧһߴ˵ͷçǾҪˣҲˡ
Сӣһ취ͷçӳȥɡ༧Ϻһ˿̣ɲԸֻɰСߣͶ
޳ͷ༧һߣǾͷçӳȥɡ


1840 ɱ
ֵȡƿֻƿɫС߶ͷؿ档޳ԥشƿڣವһɫС߼һ˳
ڽƿ򿪵ͬʱ޳༧ͨѾȫ߶ᾧסΧռ䡣
ɫСһܳ޳ǰͷ޳༧һ֮£һֻͷ̶̰쾹Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ԭӤ첲ͷҲѱﲻӣӿȥˡ
ͨԣͷç޳ڻа죬ȻкøССԴؿܣ޳¶΢Ц̲סȥ
ʱͷçȫһѱ̬޳ȴ֪ͷçǱʶѾĳԼΪˡ
ʱ޳༧˽ɵᾧܷܵ絶ѩйڲ֧е絶ѩǹڵ棬һ޳±ƽ
ɫС߷˺ֻСͷͬʱ̧𣬿ſƺǷŭҡͷ
༧סͷç޳ȵ漴߾ȫʩչΧһᾧһУ̫ɫ԰̲סһѪ
ʱ༧ȻϼˣҲǿһδȴǿŽͷçΧ·
ʱֻͷçͻȻŭ˻ſڹһڰ漴һʹУٶȿٵ˼ޣ˲ַˡסذͷ˻¶ŭӡ
ʱֻͷçֳ絶ѩиѵӡۣȻĿģȴû˵⡣Ϊͷçٶ̫ˣ˲ڿд˸أЩ絶ѩмմ壬͹ȥˡ
Сӣа취ˡ༧ǰһ˵
˵ͷçǳȥɱĸ޳༧ͨʵ
༧ͷ˵ͷçٶȣϻ֮ϣܲܳ䲻նɱһ
޳ḧͷçͷçͨԣǰѷŭѡͷ޳ƺڵϡ
ǣҪնɱһ̸ףͷçٶȱ죬Ѹٴ޳絶ѩдҵһҪ䲻⣬Ӧնɱ
һмʹ˴Ϥ޿¶ᵽ˵ͼοֻոյͷç޳ûһĬ
ܶؽʼջɵģʱӦˡ
ûмڳ֣ǼôסǣȻץڣȥϸѯͶ֮
Ҳ͸޳༧һ˿ں󣬽һᡣ
ͷçֻСͷյ޳ǰƺڽʲôϧ޳ȫףͷçסð޳βŭڿл裬һƬƬ絶ѩоɡ
޳֪ʱͷçѾӦ˴ִĸڷλڴߴ޳֡
ͷçӦ޳༧е뷨ȫԸȫԸȥ޳Ǳʶ϶޳ΪйأǿҵĹУʱͷçѾ϶޳ˡ
޳Ҳᵽͷç˼ﲻһͷçѸҵԼʩչϻ֮ȫԸȻδնɱһԡȥҲˡ
༧轣סͷçϢ˵СӣԥˣٳȥǶһľǿ϶Ϊ絶ѩ֮ꡣ
༧˼ͷç޳ǰ˵̬
ٵȵȣˣͷçһгɰܾͿˡ޳Žµͷç˵
ߣСӣֻɹʧܡ
༧һƴ轣γɽסˣ޳ͷçó׼
ˣܻһƬãã絶ѩУضããһƬ
޳ƷͷçıϣĬĬ߶ţͷçһҪѸҵͷçڻӦֻСͷ˳ε˵㡣
ͷçǳ޳ͷç󱳣ġʱͷçֻ̧СͷתһܵĶȻһܣ޳˲ʹ˿С
޳ֻǰһԼѾ˴棬û塣ͷç˲Ҳ漴ᾧסΧ
ʱ޳ͷçڴβܺڳһӰЩ絶ѩҲʧˡ
ͷçٶѾƼ㣬ˣղŴһһç϶ѾѪ߰ߣ޳Ҳ絶ƬƬɢˡ
ܾˣһ˿ʱţӦ༧Ǹ˶ѾĴֻȹ˽ҹֵˡץǸСӣͶôģҲܸۻһˡůϵĬĬ˼š
ܶؽ磬ڴʱͷçڵϣֻСͷϵת̽ѯܵĶڷλ
ʱ޳Ҳǽ٣Ļе༧˾սĴÿһӣ༧ͶһΣա
ͷçȻˣͷһָķβڰ
ಣͷç˺ããУʹܵ˶ߡ
ʱڴ󶫱һڱĿЩÿһʵ֮ϣһžѧ
档һ΢棬Ǹ۾ֻһӰ˲ʹ˹δüӦ޳Ȼϻ֮ѾϡŰɫ˲ͰסǸûᾧһϻ֮ı֮⽫Ǹɱûҷ𡣵Ǹһ̣ʶ˻ȥ
ͬʱƺһ£˲͸Ӧˣ򶫱߶
ߡ޳ͷçͷçವش˳ȥ
Ƭ̣Ӱϣɱ
ϴô£ôӦˡ
⣬ľȻˣҸղֻӦʱʶ
ϵֻѾҷֻʣ¿еϢʱ־ŭ
⵽ô£ˣѵǸСӡҿɲƾСӵʵɱġ
ڶҲĶͽɻ˵
϶˵ʲôСӵʵôɱģһн˵ˡ˵ͽܡ
ͽɻ󲻽ʱȻԶһ
ǸСӳˣڻУɱ磬ղɱġסŲҪҶΪʦ
ޱȵشе޳༧ȴ˿û
һ֮ͽܱ㰴ԸסţԴ
޳ʱͷçѾ˴ĲλΪᾧռ𵴣ͽȻһʱ첻
ղŶִıɱߴ̱絶ѩе׻С࣬Ȼе༧ѹҲܶ࣬޳οЦ¡
ͷçڵϣŵܵĶ֪Ѿе˵ŴػѾ˿¾Ͳôˡ


1841 
ʧȥһˣ˺ܶ࣬޳ܸӦΧռԼ漴зһΧٳһССռ䣬ͷç棬Ĺͷçڵϣеӷ˻˻ŵתСͷѰλá
ʱ޳г˵ģʣɻΪҲʹ֮еԪأԪ֮֮ǰ˵֮޳ֻһ˻ᣬѵ澹ȻǸйϸ
ʦ塣˼޽⣬޳ֻóԺ
޳漴һشƺǸ˯ѡ
ʱ޳ѵأȻ˯ˣʦҲְ̫ˡ
޳Ҹղϸһ£ʩչ֮ϵ֮֮ͬȴ΢ͬԻԪߣԪƺк򣬲֪ôģ
ʦ壬㲻˵ֻ֮Һһ˻𣿡
ҡͷɻ˵ʱҲ²ԭ򣬻ҪٿңҪ˯ˡ
ʦ壬ʦ塣ƾ޳ٺȴûжˡ棬޳ȴ֪⣬
ͷçƺӦסŷͷʾ⣬βڿ˦ʱСͷçҵλˣһĨɱ漴޳֣ҲƺܵӦӵӿڳ֡
ͷç𼱣Ƿֿٶ֡޳ḧͷçĺ󱳣˵ƺ޳ĻͷçƽתֻСͷѰΧĶ
е˺ܶ࣬絶ѩеĺХСˡ
Ȼһĵ̽
ͽȻסţȴ˵Ķ
ǵɨ޳ͷç漴ŴһЦ
壬ҵˡ˿ڴλã뿿ǵ̽顣ߣСҲ̫СǵʵˡĶͽܿЦ
ܣ̫⣬СеаŸղžȻɱģѹôӣǰ˸ˡ
ߺߣҿʵһ㣬Ŀ϶ûзĵ壬Һ϶ȥɱСӡ˵ͽܡ
ǿɲ޳ɱģһʲôֶΡ̽鵽޳ľ巽λҪǰȥܻ
ͽסţͽȴĵ޳ķ
ڴʱղǵɨ޳Ѿͷç˵ͷçǲе˹ˣ
ͷçתСͷϸһ¶ȻŵذֻСͷ޳ȫҲڲסĻȰ
ͷçӦԽԽɱ⣬֮ǰ壬Ϊδ֪Σգڷ޳ûе⣬޳ƬĳѾ˳
ʱͷçӦǰǰδеΣգ屾ܵԭָ
޳һȵؿͷç֮ǰͷçȻ֣Ҳû̫࣬˿ȴͷçڿٳɳֻһգۣղǸѾˣ޳ǰһͷççߴ֣ͷ˶׶˻˻ӡ
ͷç޳һ֮󣬾ϲغȫܸоӴçϴƣ;һǿ
༧˵ĲֻͷçȻӵǿ֮ǰֻʱˡ¶ͷǣη塣
ʱ޳ԻָͷçҲɾ壬ϾޣԼûԼ޳ɻؿѸٻָͷçʱͷçȻֻͷ޳
һƬãУ޳ȫ֪ʱͷçﺬΡͷç𽥾ѵļֵϢǰ֮࣬һԼֻûжԼѡ
޺ඩԼҲֺ֣ܶеĸԸеǱƣеͬԸͷçϢʹ϶޳
һ϶ˣͻȫԸˣκҲӱܡ
ڴʱĶͽܺͽѾ˹ͷçĳʹ΢ЩȻһʱ׹Ƕڰ۲졣ôֵһֻçͽһʱȫ㲻壬ͷçɢɱ⣬ʹǶʱ־ɡ
޳ΧĿռӦǿߵʱ΢΢ΧӦƣ޳оһݣʵ
Ƿɢģ޳ƾͷçٶȺϻ֮ȫղɱǸһ䲻⽫ɱǣڵֶ޳ûʤ㡣
Χĺһռ䣬Ϸؼѹ޳ͷçٳĿռ䡣Ѿ쵽޳£Щռ䶼סһ󱻺ȫסǿĴҲȥ
ʱĵعȥеĵж˫ڰŻ֡
ͽʱͷçĵϸϵɱ㣬һʱóȻ֡޳ǸӦ˶Էǿ󣬲
ȥƶ޳ԽԽһ޳޷ٽ͵ϮҲܻ޳ǲҲѷˡ취ǰ˴޳˾
ԭϣܳû뵽ȴģȥ˯ȥˡ޳ټҲûа취ֻܿԼˡ
ʱ޳ڽŵ˼ţȻӦ˽µĴطһ
һǿͻȻӵ¿ӿ޳ͷçڵλù
޳µͻȻѣرµɳʯӿд̳޳ͷç
Ԫ֮
Ԫ֮ԪصȻֵزɱǵؾһһçֻҪϣͻᱻд͸
ڴʱ޳Ȼͷçϣͷçβͺݺݵڵ˦˲ʹ˳ȥ
ͷçٶ̫ˣЩмǸմͷçѾȥˡ
һҲĿɿڴ죬ʲôٶȣ̫ˣ塣ֻһӰʯһͲˡ
ಣȻ֮ʣӰһͷçݺݵ˹
޳֪ȥˣһ֣˲;ƴһ
ʱ޳Χӿɫ棬ȥľԪ֮Ҳ漴رľ뷢ʯ䣬ɫ͵رľһ빥ȥ
ϻ֮һסͽɱľͽΧסݿ϶ǲˡ
ɫתţѿͷç޳ѾԶ
޳ȫϻ֮ƾˣ⧲壬ֵ˿ڣѪӿίʵֻҡһ£Χ˲ɺᾧסȫᾧʹڰȻܿ׹⣬׹˸ϻղŸѵ˿Ҳ漴ˡ
޳ȫһ˿ûһ˿˺


1842 
ವһ£ͷçִԶܹ޳һɫ湥ȥȵ˷ӦѸٴܵԶ
ǣһ޳ĹȻᾧסˣ˿ûˣľԪ֮ڵرɵľҲǿݻˡ
޳̾Լϻ֮ȻƵ˵ᾧԷʵȻĻҪ¡޳֮ǰ͵Ϯһնɱķв⣬ΪЩˡʱȫʧܣ֪ʵȻֲ
޳ȻƵ˵ķᾧķʱҲ־¡
ȫͷçٶˣȥ磬ӰӶ塣ֻȫɷᾧסʱ֪ԭ򣬿϶ǵ͵Ϯں޷´ֲɱ
ͷçǻɱһе޳ḧͷçĺ˵
޳ͷçٶ͵Ϯַ̫ǿˣԼϻ֮˲˷ֺ
ͷçͷߵķ򣬲ס޳ͷʾ⡣޳кȻһͷçƺʾˡķ޳ںް취ֻҪ䵥͵ϮֵĻᡣ
뵽޳һϲһͷçͷç漴ವ߷롣
ֻҪסŲҶȵԼϵ׾ܻ޳ǣղֻֿ϶һˡ͸޳ᡣ
ݼţһ˻ϡ޳Ҳûлˡ
ʱǸ޳ᣬ޳ȻŹ
ͷçˡ޳˵ţӿɱ⡣ͨԵͷçҲǰΣʱڵǹ˳ЮӴڵķλȥ
ವһ£޳Ѿλãʱ￴ŵ϶ҲΣաӦͷçٶȿ쵽˼ޡ޳ϻ֮Ҳ˲Ͱס˵ˡ
ɫסǸѿķɱûҷ
һͻȻͣˣʧȥŵԴܿͱˡ
ʱŴܵããһʧˡ絶ѩе׻漴ʧΧһźڰһƬ
ڴ˲䣬ͽѸŷԮϧǵٶȱͷçȻԶȸϵһѾˡ
˿յĵ棬ŵ϶ʬ׶û
⣬áͽܺͽ漴ͲΣաתԶӶݡǣθһͿһһçסȥ·
ʱӴкڰ༧ƣ
ͷç
һ༧ȻˡܶǺڰֻܳ
ڴͬʱͷç޳Ѿסʣȥ·֪༧Ȼ£޳ġ
Сӣ㾹ɱͽܣ˳ġʱȵ⡣
ߺߣ治а˸ͽ𣬲ɱǻ𣿡޳ɱ󣬼ȻǿУôûлͷ·ˣڶɱһԸɡҪɱ޳ѾľԪ֮ס˷ԲʮʹҲ̸ˡ
༧Ӻڰ˳˵СӣϿ춯֣ˣɱǾûôˡ
ȷ޳һ¿ǳ׵λ棬˫˲ݣû·ˡ
༧˵仰֮ΧͻȻͬʱӿһ׹⣬˸Ȼ༧ķ
༧п֧Ű죬ľֻʣһ˿༧һ߳Ͳˣ˲;༧ķͻΧȥ
׹䲻Ȼ༧ϣ༧ͷ˳ȥҲ˳ȥ
ͷçȻһ˻ͷçǰܵ༧չˣкøУ༧ˡͷçʱ籩ŭͻ˲ʹ޳˹ȥ
޳ŭɫ˲Ͱס벻ǴͷçһɰһӾϡ
ͷçǹΣʱ̱ˣ޴һӾƿᾧ漴޳ɫ˲ͽǽɱδ
һӰˣղŵƺûзҹ
ͷç˻һ޳ܵ༧ǰ༧ղһһϢвסѪҲȥˡ
޳һѹ˲˵ƽԼڵĵԪԴԴ϶༧塣˰죬޳ƣɿơ༧ڶԪ漴ڿȬţֻһ޳ķ˺ܶԪʵȻӰ졣
༧Ȼܶзмɫ޳һδգ޳̬Ҳĵر仯š˿̣༧޳Ѿ˵ĳ㺣ֻԼ֪
ͷç༧ߣֻСͷ쿴ܵĶβĴ༧壬һַʽ
ʱ޳Ÿеһ£ͷçľٶȣƾԼһɱˡһɱĸ޳˿̶е˼顣
ͷç޳ǵ˵ָͷçСͷղͷçİȻܳᾧ޳е첻ѡҪ֪ʹ޳ԼƴȫҲ޷ƿķᾧ
ѵһͷç޳а˼ͷçı첻ֹЩֻʱûֶѡ
༧ˣһƴסԲգ޳ԼڵԪԴԴ롣ʱ༧ɫѾöˣȻߣȴԿ˵ˡ
Сӣûˣллҡɱĸһưոݡһ϶ͻǰڸô죿༧ǿ˵꣬Ҳֲ֧ס۵һѪĿ
޳ǰĺڰǽᾧֵĺʮҫۣһźƷѾϳǻߵĻ󣬲붼ա
ҪȻ룬õ쾧ʯ޳˴ȥ
úˣǰǾͽ߲µ󡣡޳˵ǰٶôգ޳ҲĴȥ
תۿͷçȴʹ޳һ˿ԥ֪ǰߵĴޱȣȴͷçҲšüͷ΢һ壬޳ǾȽͷçŽߴ
ǣͷûȶ־⵽ͷçĿ顣ͷçСͷҡͷ¶ǿɫβ޳óߴɨһߡ
޳ˡ
ڴʱȻ޳ͷçɣҲʹ
ʦ壬˵ʲôͷçʹ޳æʵͬһʦֻ˵һ뻰Ҳˡ޳ֱҡͷ


1843 ˮл
һĨͬ⣬εջһ޴Ӱ
һⷴȥɫһ˿ɫʡ
߸ܵľŶһĨ̫ʱո
ڣճء
ػĿʿ쳣սսѲţٴһ㡣
죬㲻˵ֻ༧һô£Ǹçģ
Σӵλŵһ뷢԰ף̬ϵʵ
ĸ죬أ⡣վһģһˡ
λϾڵλ棬վǰ˴ʣµ
˴Ȼɱһ룬ϢʱУһ
ȫʵǿۻʶ࿴صԼ˴˴ÿһʵ֮£ǰ˸棬Բµõڵ
Ҳ뵽Ȼһĸ
Ϣһ̣ȫӶټУϸ̽ĸֱɱΡ֮ȫˡ
ĸȻڶԷ͵Ϯ£һҲû⣬⣬⡭ȫͷçٶˡ
վǰͷѾߣηʹȥǰ档
ĸûмߣ֪ðģ
ߣһȺһ
֮ǰѾ̽˵ʱΣ֪ʱû֣߳ˡֻеķŭ޴йֻܳЩˡ
棬༧ǸСѾߵĻˡͷҲȥˡڸô죿
Уʵ
һ˿֮⣬Ѹɨһܻۡ༧ǸСӣϸѯ㡣ȴԼĸеʹͬõĿͱһ
ǿҵĴʹʹʧȥһеټеӣܶؽ磬ɱ༧ǸСӣ³쾧ʯ
淢ŭѼĺۻӵסֻжȡ쾧ʯ׸ۻʡõۻš
˿漴һӦһ첽˳
˳ȥ֮صϣίٷ·һ˲ࡣ
̧꣬ͷĿг׺ݵǰ漴üĵĻһʧˣѱ
һҧ˳ȥ
ڴʱܶؽ磬޳༧Ѿ˻ߵĴ༧޳ԪȻʱͻָˡȻ廹ȴжްˡ
ͷç༧ͷçٶȣʹյĳҲߣ޳ģһһȥ۲еһС
Զ𷭹硣棬޳ȴȵطܿյˮһ˿Ҳ
ף֣ղ濴ĺôˣ޳¶ɫ˵
༧۲ܣͬ⣬ͷçȴزʱǶûо쵽ͷçƺÿСͷתβҲسſ
žžž
ͷçβͳԽԽ޳Ҳע⵽ˣŤͷȥͷç޳¶ηı鿴ǰˡŶ޳һ˽Ų쵽ͷçϡ
ͷçǰǲΣգͷçͷ
ڴʱ޳༧ҲǰϵˮһһɣϪ֯һÿһˮȥӨ͸ʡǻͷȥȵطղŻϡˮҲѸࡣ
ףô£޳һ죬ЩԽԽˮΣʣȴԽԽ࣬аܿռȫռơֻһ޳ΧѾȫˮ˲ǣһɹˮȫƽðģԴͷƾճֵġ
ʱͷçȻѸСһͱ֮ǰģͷçǾֱֵ޳ꡣ
ǲߴ༧˵
ֻСͷͷȻ༧˵ˡͷçߴ棬ʲôΣͷç༧һ޳˲䶼
ղĴյͷçû¶һ˿η塣˿ȴֳǿҵĺ£ѵߵĻȸղŵĴ
޳óߴͷçವһѸ˽ȥȡƿߴװ÷ŽУ޳һᾧ༧ΧԷֹͻȻϮʹǴֲ
༧ϸ۲ΧˮЩˮƽˮһȫ쳣ΨһֵĵطˮʣȻûһɻϡ
ãСӣˮл𡣡༧ͻȻԾ˵
ˮл𡣡
༧ͷ˵СӣϵĻк֣ܶȴֻм֡ˮл֮һ֮һЩߵǿֻ߲ܷ𡣡
޳ȫȡܽˮǧ߹Ȼʵѹͷçһŵöߴȴ֪лԭ
˵ͬʱϵˮȻ˱仯ˮڣȵĺ濾һ
ʱ޳༧ȫ䱸ع۲Χı仯һֻϵˮʧˡгˮϱãĹ⣬ȴʡΧѾȫˮΧһãã硣
༧̽̽ڵˮȥ̽ˮУ˿ûһ˿谭
ˮл𣬾ʲôӣ޳̲סʵǽѾܾˣȴʲô仯޳Ȼе졣
༧ҡҡͷ˵Ҳֻ˵ֻ𣬾ʲôҲ֪ѾˡСӣưɡ
༧˵ͬʱֻڵˮкȻһ翣޵ĺɫ档
ˮл
̼䣬޳༧ΧĿȫЩ翵ĺɫΧɫƺԾԾ˵ٶɢͬʱ޳༧ͻȻоǿҵոСûڿǵ
ʱ޳༧ɫˡǰ޵ĺɫ澹Ȼܹڵξ磬̫ˡ
Ԫˮʹ漡Ƥܵ˿ҲɵȬǣǻڲ濾ҲѾˡ
ʱ޳༧е˾޴Ŀ־壬ǿɲ֪ǿʵ˿Ҳֻڻǳȥҽڡ
޳Χ˲Ͳһ㣬סˡ֮еˮԪ֮ˮԪԶԶûлԪγɵıʮִ


1844 ں
޳ܿ췢ˮԪ֮ı㣬ڵ˿Щ翵ĺɫԾѸټռȫռ䡣༧Ѿܲסʹüͷ
ߣСӣıס컻
༧˵ŷ̽ɢΧĺɫ棬Щޣȫ翵ģͽ͡
༧̽ʱ޳ŵ˼ʣǴ𡣿ҪҲֻܴڿʼ뵽޳漴ˮԪ֮һӿѸ֫ٺ͡漴͸еһɱϢȵտҲˡ
а취ˣ޳һϲԥؽƷ༧ϣˮԪ֮עĵθˮԪ֮һע룬༧ʹıʱ¶ϲ
ܵĿռѾȫɫλռݣΧ޳ˮԪ֮Ȼʱס𹥻ȴް취
ʱڻ棬źѹѹϰڵӣΪ׵ˡ˶ǰĺƹȴʲôҲ塣
棬ѾȥˣôҪҪȥվڱСʵһ䲻ŭ棬ʱ汻ŭƣȫʱʧȥơ
һ˿׺ݣԭɷƮ̬ѾȻ޴棬˵ߵǳҶûնԸǽȥֻȵȰɣǺͻƴܾʱٳ֡
һӦһ
ڴʱ޳༧ڵտȻǿ˺ţ޴ʹʹ˶ð˺飬ҧš޳ƻ༧ϣˮԪ֮ԴԴϵע룬ܴ󣬸ò˶áһ޳ľǾΣˡ
༧Ҳʶˣ԰ɫ˵Сӣ˷취ȥҵߡ
޳ȻҲ״ô༧ոջָ֧Ųס޳ԭźͻ߻һɱȴûϵô߸¶͵סԼ
༧а취Ը𣿡
༧ҡҡͷ˵СӣҲ֪ˮԪ֮֮ܵЧ
޳ջƣſ༧ʹس鴤һ£סûг
֮޳߶һ䣬ֹͣ˶༧ˮԪ֮ӿȻһ󣬶ʱоȫ˺ܶࡣŽӿǹˮԪ֮ںϣһܵĿռײȥ
޳ȥЩɫ涼ʵģǿȥͬϢ
ʱ༧Ϊ޳ȥסʹĵͺ𣬻Ŷ̽иǷ˿˿⡣л˿
༧޳༧ģһ漴һע༧ڣ༧ƽˡʱ޳к༧һ뽹ƣǰʵĻ棬˿ûа취
޳ʣκ޷赲ʱ޳ߺȻ
ػУȴѭƽⷨ򣬴ʱǧ˿ϵֻǽͻ֮
Ƶ˵ʹΣյʱҲǲ˸żҪǿ޳޲ץסһ٣̫ĥˡ
ʦ壬ʲô취ԶԸ𣿡
һԴŲ˵ôôʦɣˮľС޳ŽԪ֮ˮԪľԪ֮ͬʱԡ
Ԫ֮ľԪ֮ˮԪ֮ͬʱ޳ˣȫδţ治ڿЦɡиԪضǸԶģͬʱԵ𣿲û˵޳֪ܿвУǰһǲٿˡ
༧Ťͷ޳˵ؿ޳ֵı顣
Сӣʲô취༧һʹĺ
޳һ˲ĻûеɡˮԪ֮ľԪ֮Ԫ֮ڵӿҪԵͬʱûôס޳ԣȴֻˮԪ֮
༧޳ı֪˹Ϊ˲ŵҧסڵգһԡ
ʱ޳ĬԪľԪˮԪؿھ𣬵һӿΧ˲γһǣȴֻˮԪ֮Ԫ֮ûз
治ƭԼɡ޳һʣ漴ʹˡΪ֮ǰÿһգĵ»ġȴ֪ÿζֻԵ㻯ҪԼ
ʱܲ˿༧ػ̽Сӣ취㻹Ÿʲô
޳Ԫ֮ӿÿȴֻܷһԣͷϺˡ
༧ôԪ֮ͬʱ޳ʵ벻취ֻ༧ʵͬʱ༧עһˮԪ֮
ǹע룬༧ϵıʱüؿ޳˼༧ȴ֪ʱ޳ƽ޹ʵԼһԭ΢΢˼һ£˵
Ԫ֮ͬʱ²ܣţڵȽںϣ߿С
޳ǰһȽԪ֮ڵںϣٷʱΣ޳룬ĬھŽԪ֮ںϡĬھڵԪ֮ǿںϣȻһҵʹڴ۵޳Ŵͣ㺰
༧ĬĬؿ޳Ϊް취ʹǰ治֪жա֪䣬༧޳г֮飬ԼеˡֻĬĬı仯༧ԼҲʶ
ǿҵʹ˿ÿһΣ޳һ̥ǣڿ죬Ѿˮʪ͸ʱ޳ų޷ʹࡣ
ܵĺɫѾռпռ䣬޳༧˽ȥ༧֧Ųסʹصµȥˡ
޳УԪ֮һδĥڻ㣬Ҳڷű仯ӵһȫɢ֮˿ʱˡ
ɹˡ޳̲סϲղǹ·ΣȴǴӹﵲסĹ·һϪʹȫ
ŵǹԽԽǿң޳ľʹȫ̻գʹ̹ǼҪʹȥˡϵıҲŤϳ鴤ĺһſŵ
һ۹ȥ޳ڵԪ֮ʧˣȡ֮һ⣬ԴԴϵشӵ﷢ȫʡơ
ڣ޳һںϣΧӿһʵ⣬ѸΧռӹȥ޳Աߵ༧ʱоȵտһ룬ɡ
޳ӿԴԴϵܿռռǹʣ·һֱĸо֮Ĺˡ


1845 
༧㵵۾޳ǹԴͷɹϲó޳¶Цݡ޳ΧԽԽǿңѾȫо˿ˡ
СӣںԪ֮༧Ҳ¶ı顣
޳ͷ˲˵߶ڲǹΧռɢ
޳ΧǹѸɢܣԽԽǿҷǺɫԾĻܵѹ٣һһʧ˰ʱܵĺɫֻʣϡһ㣬ò˶ãͻȫʧ
ʱۿЩɫ漴ȫʧˣڻмȻһ޴ߣӴڿУѪڣݺݵؿˡ
ߡ
༧һ޳ҲʶһǰȫȻݣзô֣˶ͷ­Ѫڡ
޳Χ˲ᾧסȫ༧Ҳ̽סԼȻǿһҲҴ⡣
ߣ˻뽻쾧ʯ㲻޳Χӿɫ棬ϻ֮ƴ
˭ôĵӾĳ쾧ʯ
棿޳༧һۣɻѵǰ߲ǻߡƺǸӦͷ߶ݺݵ˵
ߺߣȻ룬ȹһذɡ
Ǿأ׳Ȼһ͵޳༧ǰſѪڶݺݵһȥ
ÿٶȣף޳༧˿ûзӦѾܵͷſ¡һɺ޳༧ȥ޳༧˲Աͬʱϻ֮ϻΧһӾͰסһܾѳɫ棬Ӱγ޳
˻˻˻
жŭĺſһں޳ӿһɫᾧ赲ȥٶ̫ˣȺƿᾧһܣִܵ˶棬һں龰ͷ޳ɱĸ龰ݡ
ĸÿһ޳֮£ȴͷٶȻܣ֮ûоͱնɱ˿޳༧ٵǰͷȻٶȾˣȴ޳ȻգһʱûΣա
༧һϮʱ̽˹ȥϧٶȺȣ̫Զˣ̽û塣Ѿܵһߡȥ˱ذܡ
޳ϻ֮þȫȴ򲻵з
༧ٶ̫죬Ǹ޷ô죿
ʱ״ֻñתȦܿռĺɫ޳Ͼ˼֮ʱƺ־£ˡһȥÿһӶΣա
༧Ȼ˵Сӣͷųɣûа취
ղֵͬʱ޳һ뵽ͷͷٶҲǳˡ߻᲻ĳϵվУ޳ͷðաתһ룬ͬˡ
ֵȡƿóߴ⿪ӡطﾹȻ޶֮ǰǴһ⿪ͷ˲˳޳Ȼֻߴ̽һСͷŵع۲һΧеܾ˻ȥ
˼޳֪ͷȻηǰף⵹֣ߴ򿪺޳طֿеƺᵽʲôֹͣ˹ݺݵض޳ߴ
༧ٵߴ˵ιͷһٶһģ㲻Ա𣿡
༧ûںĿǣ
޳˼˵Ϊж츳֮ĿƺǼɵͷ˿ǣŵòҳˡ
ʦ壬ʦ塭ͷҲϳһĪչ޳ֻõ棬˵ǣ˼ûһ˿˯ˡ
ʱҲֹͣ˹ǻضߴ޳˿޳Ͻںϵ⣬Χĺɫֱ赲סˡ
ͷСͷڴڹ۲һ£ವһ£Ȼ˳
ͷŭĺеͷֵͬʱҲ˻˻ţ弱ٰڶһʱ˹ӡ
ȻǶͷʱＸû޳༧ֻͷͷҲѸٳɳţգۼͱһɳľͷһ޳ǰָԭ̬ٶȼ죬ҲΪ˵ٶȽ൱ͷŭˡ
ವһ£޳༧ûп壬ָԭ̬ͷѾϿУ˺ҧһš
ͷСġ༧ŵĺ޳Ͻ߶ڵں֮ΧɢԼٶͷӰ졣
ͷٶȵľսǸǲ岻ֻ֣ܿźӰǸͷֱ治ˡ
ವһ£ͷӿеֻĴ׳屻ҧһڰѪѪӿ
ͷٶȻǲҧˡ䣬޳赲ȥý׷׷ɱͷϿȥˡ
ͷ༧޳ŵرȥ޳ưϣһע룬ע룬ͷϵ˿漴ٵϣֻܿʣһɫۼ
ͷͷŭؿſеͷ­תţӶݺݵ¶ţܲıܡٳȥ
༧ҡͷ˵ͷ㲻Ķ֣ǻߴȥɡ
ʱ޳ҲͷʧóߴͷӣʾСӽȥ
ͷŭ˻ţ̧ͷ޳ǱʶѾΪˣ˵쵽˶ʹʱ˺¡Щ޳ȫ֪
ವһ£ͷִкս
ڿз˺ҧ޳༧ͷͣ˿ûа취
ΧеĺɫԽԽϡˣܿͻָձĿ
ʱڻڵһȺҲѣ޳༧ȥˣ޶ɻѣǼɵʹȥˡ
죬￴Σվôӻ
浭˵漴һ̧֣һ׹ķעڡһɴʱߡ
΢΢һϲܵõ봫ɾǱķ漴뵽Ҫȥ󣬶ʱϵϲɫ֬ˡ
涼ɵⲻȥ𣿲Ȼ淢֪ȥҲΥ
ǣģһҧ˵漴ԶĻȥ
۹ɨصֱһصͷûܱöӣʹΣգǼ˶֪ᣬһŭɱˣҲ֡
ţĿԶ󣬷ָղŷĺƺϡˣɻһ


1846 ڵ
ʱڻͷĶսѾͷͷ±˺ʮӣѪ죬ȴ˻źãһδγȥ
ͷͷȫǲسȥ޳༧ŵغȥò˶ãͷͻСȥˣ޳š
༧취ͷˡ
Сӣһѡ༧һ޳˼ҪԼ֮ǰնɱͷϣϻ֮ͷٶɱ̫ˣ޳ղžȻû뵽취ͷ
ͷٶȣ޳ȫϻ֮նɱǰľôĴڶԼ£޳ͷԼȫġ
ವһͷһεһ˵øأ汻˺ѿһ߳ѪȫѪͿˡ
༧һ˿ϧ̲סḧͷı޳һע룬ͷֹס˿Ѫ漴Ծͷϡ
ʱͷзһֵĹ⣬ϸܿͷ۾ﾧӨģˮ޳ľٶʹͷԼͷΪӴ˿ѾȫԼ޳ϵһ
ԣ޳ϵ˲䣬ͷı·Ϊһ壬صǹ漴ܿƵرŷವһ£޳˿С

ͷŭ˻𣬳β׺ݵش޳ȥ޳˲߷ϻ֮γɫ޳ٶȣϻ֮򲻵ǳͷͲͬˡ
˲䱻ɫɱȻԱߴܳȥǣϻ֮ѵ˺ѿһѪֻս˰죬ˡȻֻ΢ܴ죬޳ͷһܡ
ͷһܴش޳ͷӿٵ֮ǰıʹͷ߾ȫܶٶȷӵ˼£Ա޳Ч
ʤٶȣͷٶȻ΢䣬ȴ츳սм޳֪ôȻǵһУȴĬ˴Ĭͬ顣һ˲ֹһ㡣

вϴֻ߿ĺѾʼƷǴ˿ѾĬ޳ͷȴˡ꣬β˺ѡ漴޳ϻ֮ըأʱͷͻȻ˲СವһʹܽС
ڴе˲䣬ͷ˦˳ȥ޳ӦѾվڵϣͷС
ʱѾͷľٶŭذڶͷСޱȣ˲˺ĸڡͷǰȻһŽԲζڵ
ֶصޣڵȻͬһޣŽ⡣ϧͷȫʶдʱֻһͷǾǾ˺ɱͷͳĺβƴ˦߾ȫ˺ĸڣ漴ĸʵޱȣβǿ˦ȥ޼¡
ʱ״ʶΣգڿзͷ˦ȥӶβʹӿѪ˳Ѫꡣ
ҵ˦£ͷҪ˦ȥڱʹһһԶ壬һ뽫ͷƳ
ϵ޳༧ҲþĶǣңͷһѺ
ʱͷһϲľٶݺݵſһĸȥ̽ɡ
ͷſһ£ڲж˽ȥȻǽڵڵһʧһ漴屬ѿΪصһѪꡣ
޴ı仯̫ͻȻ޳༧ӦУӴͻҷ𣬶ͷ½𵤣ҲһҽУطʹ״
ãڵ༧ʧ
ڵвģǱԪȫศɣؾ뺣һڵʧȥҪѣڵһ룬ڵ̺쳣ͻᷴڵеṥΣ󲡰꣬򵱳
ʱڵһͷڣǿķ֮ͷ𵴣ͬػҵط֮ǰ޳⾫ڵҲľ޴Ŀǰͷα֮ʱҡ
༧ĬĬעţ֪Ƕﲻæֻܿͷ⡣ڵһգڵ̺ͻУνеʧ
ѵͬʱҲȻɢϳҵƬѪ߰һ
ʱڵҲһ΢ס
ɢڵǰֻбѪƬ޳༧ˡ۹漴עӵԱߵʹൽͷϣ﾿ʲô£
սͬһ֪ҲȻؿǰĶһʱͷѾֻһڿͻȻѿ
΢۹۲ǰڵĵӶŵؿ棬ȴ
ڴʱ޳༧ҲڵӣǴ˿עȫеͷϣ˲ȥܡ
޳ưͷϣעһ赼ڵı֮һע룬оһǿķ֮޳ɳһͷµڵ֮Ȼǿ󡣶ʱͷһѺܲܰȫڵ
༧̽Χŵؿܣɱƣǧ߻û¶棿ضţʱֹǡ
༧ͷԸ档޳Զڵӣ֪ⳡս⣬ҧ˵
СӣСĵ㣬ɲǺöԸġˣǡ༧ʹԼŵƽ˵Ϊ֪˿̵Ļңﲻ޳Ӱģþ̩Ȼ֮
༧ƽ޳԰༧ͷͿԺ޹˼ɵطֶԸ档棬ɣھе޳طܵؿʹ֪ǰٵľ޴գҲҪƴһƴ
ʱҲڿƣȻͷˣ༧Ҫչֻ޳һսһĨݵЦҪˡ
վǰȫһǵȻϤЦа˼Ҫһдɱˡ
淢һߣΧĸһģһɷˣĸˡ


1847 Ԫ֮
ĸ޳նɱ˵ġ˴ÿһ壬صҪҲڶܵõۻӵԭ򣬶һĸ̤֮֡ʱķŭ֪޲ðǰ˺ΪƬ
ĸֺҲһôΣ涼δĸͬʱֹƻܻһһͱ⣬ķԴȥһΣȫǹעһˡ˶Ը޳ˣȻҲߵĳ쾧ʯ
ץסСӣʬɨϰȥҳ쾧ʯݵҧ˵
죬ǺڵԱţҪɱˡ
æӦǳսְϲĸ޳£ǿɲȥ
ĿɨҪ͸ÿ˵ĵף漴ջĿ⿴ǰ޳ɱһһɢʱüͻȻųһԲνɫǽߴ磬ֱڵϣγһɡ״ĽС硣
ޣɡ
˵ȻؿţֻСسһɷˣ࣬ͭͷ۾Ѫ죬۳ϥ壬ֻϵһΧȹ˽ֱ۶š
⣬ôڿҳˣ˵㵽׻ʲôıһ˻ƹ﷢
ϹİɣֻҪһ򲻳֮Ҿš鷳ԲŽ
ߺߣ֮Ҳ̸㣬İɡ
˺޺޵˵Ȼŭȥ˨˸߾͵ˡŭ˵
⣬ʦ棬ںװ꣬һҪɱ㡣
ܵڵȫɫ԰ףľȼӶŵңɪɪЩͨӲ֪״ȴ˵ˣʦʦ¡Χȫ岻ؿˡʱ׺ݣȫû˵ɷ̬
˺﷢Ĺֽ޵ص档
ϹǰǸСӶԻԪأľԪܸߣúúһܣܲͻơȴǿǰ޳༧˵
ԪľԪءһ˿⣬漴ƺ˳޶ǻŤͷ޳༧ˡ
Ц֪Ϣ϶ǶԼĳ޶޳ô֮ԻˣûɱԪ֮Ԫ֮ȻԼٱڡ
ٺ٣Ť沿һж̡֮ܳΪڵ棬ĳαװ벻ϵֻĸӲ֪ʦ飬ʦںװ꣬Ԫ֮ϧֻԪ֮ͻƣԪغ޽չ
Ž˷ųͨ޳ܲͻԪ֮
ԪءľԪء䱦̰ضǰ޳װ꣬ÿտ˼ڤȴֻԪ֮Ԫ֮žʱԪľԪ֮Ȼ棬֪
ء
˺ȻһŹֺ޳񱼹ȥӸһֻһָһɫϵӦ䣬ֻϵɴʱ˿ܲˣѾ˹ȥˡ
ţ޳༧һٶȺܿ죬༧Ѿ˵ǰ޴ƶݺݵ޳ץƺȴһɽѹΧĿռ䶼ƺͣˡ
ã޳һоΧռ䶼߬ס޷ƶΧ˲ӿϻ棬ϻ֮˴ȥ޳ϻ֮ԵޱȣʹǿҲɵû뵽ǣϻ֮ȴûһ˿仯ƺܲϻ֮޴ɰɳͷץ¡
༧һСӣᾧϻ֮ҪСˡ
˾޴İ޷ܵ޳Χռ·߬ס޷ƶϻ֮ЧֻʼֻʹľԪ֮˲ǰľɳʯҲһջذƶ˹ȥ漴޳һᾧסȫ
ͣ޳¶һĨϲɫϳ޳ղʩչľԪ֮˼ڤҲûģһգգؿ޳뿴ôõġʱ޳ȫ֪飬ֻͻȻͣʱЩš
Ȼֻһ棬޳Գʵǿ󣬲Լ֮£Լϻ֮ȻҲκβҲ˶һ巽Ĺᾧ̣κιھȻǿĹڣ޳еΪԼ
ڴʱѾڵΧֻ治˶ؿţûȥǲ֪ı浱ȻԼĴ㣬ô˶Ըˣõ޳ѡų˺޳սԪ֮˵˻ں޳սͻԪ֮ʱʰ޳١
ʱ˵ΧһɫתţԽתԽ졣ֻ޳µɳľʯʯһŰɫȥ
ǰɫиתţ˵Χɳľʯٱȥ˹һֽС漴ɳľʯȻ޳˹ȥһӣǧɳľʯǵ޳ѹȥ
ã޳һʹȫΧȥ
䣬һɳʯ꣬ľ׷ף޳δɳĻǱѾƵ˿ڣЩɳľʯÿһ΢СĲֶһУ޳վȣ˹һ˹
Ԫ֮޳ؽгѹָղΧɳϤԭԪ֮УԪ֮Ϊ೤ľߴذػȴС޳Ȼ洫ֻ֮ǶԻԪ֮ϸߣԪ֮򲢲ڶԪ֮յղ˷Ҳ
ʱ޳ϺȻһ
޳壬Ԫܸ֮ߣҲСĵ㡣ڳѡ
ʦ壬ϻ֮ôܴ޳ڳԽУĻʱżʵ
𼱣ˣľԪ֮ӦܶԸľԪ֮򲻹ھͿܾܲͻơҲﲻ㡣
ͻƣ޳Ѫ


1848 ͻ
洫ڵ֮ޱȣÿһԪ֮ͻƶȵ컹ѣǴ츳޼ɼѶȡ޳ҲֻǶԻԪ֮һ㡣ҪڶʱͻľԪ̸ף
ʦ壬ľԪ֮ѵûа취𣿡
޳ʵغϧϵֲˣƾ޳ú޲ðǲ
ʦ尡ʦ壬ӵˡ˿޳˰̾˿ûа취
ڸղžĶǵһĻУԱߵͷçҲ˹ؼʱ̣µçڵ񷴵ڲһÿһ缡ʹ༧кĹУ壬ͼԼĹʹࡣǣ޳Ҳʹ̫࣬Ѱˡ
ͷçڽ߾ȫͼڻڵÿһŬĵʹСͷȫΪʹ£βڲ
ںϻڵһʹḶ́УֻȥںϣвǿҷʹصᵱͷçȻȻֻж̶̰죬ѾǰԼĸ飬ôˡͷçǿںڵе
޳ߣͬǿ಻ԡ˶Ԫܸ֮ߣʩչԪ֮Ƶ޳ڽںˡ壬޳ϻ֮ãֻľԪ֮ĿǰľԪ֮򣬸޷ֵ˵Ľ
޳ܿ췢쳣֮ƺɱֻԪ֮ƣƺڹ۲ʲô޳ʱҲڹ۲ԷԪ֮
ףѵҲڽĦԪ֮޳˼⣬ʶ¶˹Ȼûɱ֡
޳ĹԪ֮ᾧãƲᾧҲʹ˺ˡԼľԪ̫֮ľ֮ĬľԪؿھӿתڣһڼ籡ľͷȴҲڡ
꣬༧޳Σæ̽ˡ̹̽ȥ˵ᾧϣһҫ۰׹⣬ȴֻһۼһ֣һ޴༧ϣ༧ɳ࣬Ѫ༧Ҳˡ
СӣڴϴĦ֮
ʱ༧ˣ޳Ͻˣȥע༧壬ע룬༧԰׵϶ʱѪɫѵſڡ
༧ʵСΪ֮ǰĸĴˣȻָʵȴܵӰ죬ֻƽʱĳɣҲһͱ˴ˡ༧Ȼװ⣬ȴǰղѡ
༧Ϣ˵޳⻵˻Ԫ֮ȴƺԪ֮ᣬսдϴĦ
ŶҲоǸ滹֣Ҳڹ۲촧Ħ֮ǰ޳ķôԪ֮ڿ˶ʱˡϵԪ֮ǳǿ󣬱ǼȻǰ˾ʹԪ֮ԭ
༧һһʹںϵͷç˵Сӣ˵Ԫ֮ôһԪ֮ǶӲˡ취ˣǸ滹Ա߿š
޳һ༧˵òǹ壬Ԫ֮ôһԪ֮Լм֮ûˡ뾡ˣ뵽޳һɱҪƴˡ
СӣСġ༧ľУ˴߶ɳľʯ˹ǿΧĿռҲŲظ޳ȥ
ơһͺ޳ĬľԪؿھĻ˿ڣϵ·ڣľʯɳƬ衣
ʱüͷ俴šڼʦʩչԪ֮ԼʦȴԼΪɾܾˣ沢֪ʦҲײģŭ֮½ʦںװ꣬Ԫ֮ǣҲֻԪ֮Ԫ֮ȴһ֪
ھĥ۲죬ҲʦȷֻԪ֮ȻϷŹˣԪ֮
޳ɱĴ֪޳ʹ֮ԲŶͷ˴ĺץ޳භܲս̣˲⣬Դ˿̳ԼڵӶãȻؿţΪʲôһɱСӡ
죬㿴Сʹʲô𣿡
һͻأ𣬰Ѹ˼ڵӶһ
һսսػش𣺡޶ۣСӸղʹӦ֮
ţ֮ѵõص˵ͷ죬֪ʹ֮ļûˣҲ֪Ԫ֮
쵹һ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻһ
СӾȻ֮һܷŹϹȴһٶ֡
طԸе֮˶˸ս
˵ʱ䣬޳ѾԽԽΣ˻ǿ󣬲ϻ֮޳ľԪֵ֮סԪ֮һʱǱڽںˣⴧĦĹֻ˲ܴ
ô죿޳һţͷçΣУ༧սԼûа취ԴСʦ尡ʦ壬취ɡʱ޳̲סһ棬ȻǺ޷Ӧǡ
ľԪ֮޳һھʱ˵ľԪ֮ɸطſвأеǹˮǹ˽޳ľԪ֮ʱͻ޳ȴ֪֮У໥ã˵ͬʱҲ
ԵľԪ֮ˣڵľԪ֮ڸӦǿԪ֮ʱҲѸֻǱĬģ첻˵һδҵԪ֮£޳ڵľԪ֮ӦҲѸ̳šһ̳ƽͻ
ڸʲôԶڵо˿ɱ޳ȴֻǱˣɵزػ࿴һۣʹɻû˵Ҳֻܰеɻѹ¡
޳һÿһνжı仯΢΢ҰȷѿšʵԶԶ޳ȻЩİԼԪ֮ˣķһϲá
˺ȻͣУ㵸عֽţΧһɫƣ˸·һ籡


1849 ƽ
Ҫˡ༧Ҳ˱ʵͱ޳ǿȻҲ޳˸Ӧ
϶ʱһƬţ˵Ŀⶼˡʱȫȥ״̬㵸ڵԴԴϵطΧγһᾧЩγɵᾧֳںɫͬصɫܵػסȫ
˱Ǹգһֻѧ²Ż˵ӵĵ氵װꡣʹУҲÿ¶ˡ˿̣һڵı仯˸ղŵĶսҲˣһеؽȥС
޳˲ö룬ȥָעһעо֮С˺ܶࡣһϸϸƺҪ͹жʱһϲȻͷçںڵ˼ЧͷçʱСͷڴתʹѾǳɹǰʹˡ
༧ʱҲѾѸٻָˣָ˵ĵطš༧˵ֻҪһָܺܿ
༧ô죿ڳȥǵͷç޳ʵ
Էʵ̫ǿˣƾ˸Ƕ֣ʹͷçҲһͣ޳ܵ뵽ӡ
༧ҡҡͷ˵ӣ滹ԱߵţɱӣܷŹ㣿
ô죿ܲܵǸͻƺɱǣ
༧΢΢ü˼һ˵ûж֣ҲڵͻƣʱǾͲˡߣСӣ㲻϶һ֮˰ɣ
˵ֻж˻֮޳ȻԸٶһѾ༧˼ʱͻƵĹؼʱ̣ʱֳ䲻˵һնɱ
༧ͷСӣͷçںˡʱ䲻͵Ϯ϶ܳɹ
⵹Ǹð취޳ͷۿԼ˴Ľڽںˣ϶ϵԼ䲻͵Ϯһͷçںɣͷçٶϻ֮޳߳ɰһնɱ֡
ͷçһҪˣǧҪںϳɹ޳̲סк
ڴʱͷçҲںʱ̣ʹͷçڵѹסڵںϣʹһϸϸůѾ漴޳ʱǿӼںϡ
༧Ѿ¶΢Цḧͷç壬ںçڵͷç˵ĺ¡ζɱ漣
ͷçβͺȻɨ޳༧ǵıʾʱβ͵Ĳ״ҲҲ̶ãΪʹ̣βͲڵϳѾˣѪˡ
޳ǿעͷçβϵ˿Ѹϣգ۹ˡ
ʱüųУЩŭû뵽˾Ȼƾ͵ˡʱԼԳɱСӣ»ᾪ˵һͻ֮ԼһľǰˡԣѪȴԥûг֡
ߣϹͻƺ֮Լ氵˾
棬ҪҪǼǰȥСӣüã˹ɵظϽսս˵
ջߣɨǰһۣҡҡͷղ˺޳Ķսǿһ֪޳Լ⼸ĵӸǶ֡
ǵĿٶȿϣʱһʧһ
ͷçںϳɹˡ
ͷçڽڵһɷںˣӿһǿʱ籡ͷçȫоԼ巢˾޴ı仯һԵ޳༧ȫסˡ
ͷçϵĺɫƤȻ䣬Ƥһ˲Ͱˡ漴ȡ֮һŽƬսʿһ⣬ͷçͷȫ˽ɫͷðһӣݣ
ƽ
޳༧ȫˣӦȴ֪ʱͷçļͻȻһЩϢ·һصɽܶǽ⡭һжôϤڼͷçؿǸǰࡣ
ͷçӣβᴥ޳ʾȥ
˿̵ͷçɢߵİ͵κ޶ŷɥ༧ҿ۾
޳ѹˣ漴һϲֻƾо֪ͷçİ֣оԺͷçһݺ硣
棬ǧߣǵɡʦ壬ҵͷç˿Ļ롣޳ĵ׷һ񺰣ȴûнгϾռƻҪͷçͶˡ
ͷç޳оһָİԵ֮ʱҲ淢ͷçı仯ʧʱ޳Ȼ淴ӦĻᡣһͷç
ಣֻһʹܽ˵ᾧ棬Ǽ̵Ļ屻ͷç˲˺ѡͻƹؿڵ˸ûз֮ɫ˲ס˱ѿˡѪⶼûһ£˾ͻҷˡ
̫дΪԼᾧγɵļܵס޳Ҳûһ˿նķ
˲ҷˡ
ˢһ»ҰȥˣˣˡѾĻһж޳ٵˡ˿̣еķŭѾûб뷨ˡ
ɱǡݺݵغţҲˣһϰһӿȥ
ɱɱ
ųбȥ˵׹⣬ٻƣ˸γһ޴šԲﷶΧ·ܵ˸Ӧеɳľʯ˰ͣͲڵȴĴ߶ǿʹôط·ڲԲﷶΧеǿһ̶Ӧˡ
䣬ɳľʯȻҵŵϵ޳ȥڴʱ޳ǰһΧĸλ棬ֲһĸȻĵǿȥ
СӣСġ༧һ
ͷçڴʱµص޳һƽٵغһ˲ֽ༧ͷçϣ˲ˡ

ݵĻƽŭĺҰ·ضʧɫˡ޴βɨ棬ʱһ쫷磬ಣƽ޳༧ͨƿͷǵضɳʯľ˲͵˺ڵȺС
֪޳ҪʲôˣЩڵӸӦڿ溧˵Ĺ㶣ȴû뵽ͽˡ
˿̵޳˿û飬ϻ֮ЩͨУɱ༧Ҳֶ̽裬ͬвˣ֮ڵӳƬ¡
һȥĵӲҵȥˣֻʣһЩΪ͵ͨӣ޵ֵ֮ȫ˵֮
СӣĲ
ʱŷ֣ʱ뷢ţŭؿ


1850 ˸
ͷڵٶȱ֮֮ǰֿ˺ܶ࣬˲ڵȫ嶼ûУͱ޳ϻ֮ɱֻǶʱ䣬ܻѾ˹ŭһǿ޳˹ȥ
ſʵǿط·ڲɳľʯɣѷɽ˹ȥΧɱ޳ǰȫĸĹһǿ޳Χγ˰ɫ£ͷٶȶԼ
գ޳ɵᾧǿ£ֻάһͱˡ༧Ķ̽ţֵİɫͷҲʶΣգŭ˻
ʱ޳ƴֵסĽϻ֮ʱ̲壬Ͼȥ༧ͷǣ͵ϻ֮ȥȴŲ΢ͣ٣漴ͻˡΧȻһİɫУɫֻߣ˲һž޴У޳ȥ漴޳ΧĿռ쫷磬޳ԭɢҵĳƮͶ㶼еѡ
ɫвתţ޳ΧĻռСܿͱм䣬ͷҲܵ谭Ȼѣٶٶ֮ǰնɱˣ޳ǿͷٶȳ䲻͵ϮһͷٶյƣȻΣ
ȫԸ޳༧ѹԼˡȻ̽ɫдȥ̽һǿһɲ̽֡淢İɫȫ֮͵ȥܵ⣬޳ϻ֮֮ԴȥҲûþԭ
޳ͷʩչǸ֮һɱ֮Ӧܿ˸仰༧ҵĹǰϢˡ
ʱ޳ڽԪ֮һɫֳ𡣽Ԫ֮ԴԴϵش巢ͼΧĽ޳ܿ췢֣Ľȫɫѹסˣ޷ơ֪淢İɫǻ֮֮ܶؽǿĹӵл֮ǽԪ֮ں棬γǿ
Ҳͨǰ޳䲻ɱķ˲Ųʶ޳Ը֮ͷնɱԼʹ֮˸ա
༧޳סԽԽգнȻ˫һϿжֱ̽塣Цһһӣһɴӿȥ༧ֻһɼʹӿеվȣӰһ˽סɱغסͷס޳ĸΧܷס޳ܵķڣҧгҪɱ޳
޳ڵĽɫΪ޷Χֻƾ˿ƲɫеķֻԼΧռԽԽСжԽԽ㡣ȫɫԶԶ棬мɵûϱƹ߾ȫĴ߶ķǳ޴󣬸Ų˶ãͻľ
սУ޳͵ۿȥһԵ༧ͷʱҲΣ˶ԪϼʵȻȴҲǱѰ߶׹ݺ˸༧Χ༧ƴ֧̽ţȴ᧿ΣغͷҲռϷ磬ͷȻٶȼ죬㣬ƲΧɵᾧ
ţԷ̫ǿסΧռ䣬޷ΧԪ֮ʹҲʹۿۡԪ֮򶼲ǺܸߣԪ֮Զ棬취ˡ޳˼ţڵĽɫΪò䣬漴ȥˡ
Ԫ֮漴޳ڵظֳһȫɢŻ棬ӵ޳Χ£ѸʢԽԽ֮޳ΧӿɫҲȻǿ䣬ɫҵȥ
ȫ߶޳Χռ䣬ȻѹƵϻȻǣȥһ߶һɫ赲ȥϻͰɫһ̣漴ɫû޳ؿһƣѪȴ֪ȫĵϸ˸գϻ֮ԽյķԽ
ʦ壬ʦ壬ɡʱ޳֮±ܵſں档ҲڰԹ澹ȻȣԼɶΪ˸Ȼġ
޳ô鷳ˡεǺܿͻش
ߣ޳һⲻ֪Լ챻ˡƵ̾˿˵
޳Ҵ֮Ǹ鷳ôõĹСӾȻˡǰ׷Ƭˡ
Сӣ˵ʲôֻ֮˻ᣬôҲײԪ֮ôԼ̫Թˡǳ
޳ĻԪֻ֮ĳɣɾɴˡ
޳Ȼ۾Ǳм䣬һҪ׷档澹Ȼ˵ϻֻ֮ĳɣҪɻʲôӣ
û޳˵༧ȻһĽһɫˣܱ÷˳ȥ༧ڿгһ񣬼ٳͷͷͨ漴༧ܵ޳ߡ༧ͷҲҪ޳һˡ
༧Сһȥɡ濴޳༧ͷ˰ɫЦżӽ߶һٳ޳˺ͷ
ʱ༧޳ȫͷȻܳУ̫ʹ嵽ǰҲ˲ֺֻ÷ŭ˻
޳Ȼ֣ߴٵʦ壬ϻ֮ﵽɣ
һ֮ע޳Уϻ֮ʢס档治òһɻ޳ôͻȻӡһ޳˿治컺˵
޳ҽ֮ԶԶϻ֮ȡֻ֮ǵõƤëѡ
ʦ壬׸ôйأ޳֡
޳㽫еĻԪ֮ӵϸϸؾ֮֮ܲͿԵˡ𣬵ؾ֮ܲһпԵ
ؾ֮
޳ȫǵһ˵жʱһϲȻ˵ؾܴ֮棬ȻƭΣͷûʱϸ룬߶ȥ澭һǿȥѨλȻͨͬʱǿҵĵӿ


1851 ؾ֮
ѨӸӣȴУ澭УϵȴҪá⣬ʹӣؾ֮Ҫͨ·޳ķԸԪ֮ͨӿȪѨӵ£оǿҵػ֮
΢΢һƿأĻԪ֮ɢȥʱǶȻһȥ񱻳˵͵һ˥ˡ޳ΧɫҲ漴һ
ʦ塭ͻȻı仯޳һ˿ɫöһϲΪ޳Ĵˣҵؼӿ˽һ£Σķ޳ʱ
ʱ氵һע޳壬޳ɫʢ赲ס湥
޳༧ǾһķԸ
޳ڵĻ˼㣬ƺʱϨоţæ༧
༧һʱ䣬ͷסˣһ
Ȼ޳Ҫʲôͷ༧Ȼ֪޳ô϶еһͷѾ޳һ˿Ĭͷƺ޳˼תɫͷ­ƵƵͷ
޳ֵֻܰʱ䣬뾡ؾ֮𡣡˵ţһע޳壬ֵסĹ
ڴʱ޳ĻѾҡҡ׹ĻʱҪϨܸоƺһε߬ŻԪ֮ɢȥлԪ֮·𾲾س˯ˣֳ˯ѱǰҹ
̰޳ڵĻԪ֮·һھڳɣڵĻȻһ׹⣬Ծһ£Χƺ۵˻ϣǲظ˸
ʱֻ֪޳ڵĻԪ֮ںʹµĵؾ֮ںϣȻ޳оȴظоԪ֮Ѹٵغʹµĵؾ֮ںϣۣһƲ׾΢Сϸشӵ½ȥ޳ڡ
ӿ߶֮ŰɫѾ޳ǰֻʣǰ׷Χڰɫо޴ѹ¿ռ𵴣ͷоѹȣж༧ɫĳ򶶶죬淢֮ȫΧռ䣬ˡ
Сڸʲô༧ɻؿ޳̽ƴֵԽԽǿҵѹȸС
޳ɫ汻ѹƵԽԽע֧ţʱػ֮Уڴʱ޳Ҳڵı仯
޳ڣǶ᧿ΣϨʱȻֹͣˡѸٵɢɫǵؾ֮лԪ֮ںϲģɫȴѸٲϵشӻɢͬʱ޳оһůӿ֫ٺ
СӣŰѵؾ֮ڽϻ֮С
ͬڸղţԵúܽ
޳һ𣬴Ҫԣ漴ӿůڽϻ֮Уǹůһ뵤ӿϻ֮Уˮһʧˡ޳֫ٺ漴еһʵĸоڵĻҲȻһӿɫĻ棬ѸԾ·һԴԴϵӿ
һֱڹ۲޳仯༧Ȼ۾޳üĺȻӿһɵɫ棬Ծƺ֮
˷ܵò޳Сӣɹˡǵؾ֮𡣡
û༧Ӧ޳ڵĻͻȻ˲ȼüĵɫ漴ʧһиԭֻ޳ȼյĻԤʾһоޱ䡣֮µؾ֮޾޳ʱѾͨܵһˣܵĿƺӦ˵°
棬ɡȻ޳һŭϻ֮ȻʢŻ汬ѿ˲ͰΧѹƵĿռˡ
ʧɫȫϲ޳ͻȻ֮ɫбϻ֮飬ΧǵĻ֮γɵĽᾧҲ˲䱻ƿˡֻһգۣΧܷĺᾧͱˡ
治һɴʦڽᾧƿͬʱ⶯ͬΧĸ˲ͱ˳סͬʱ˫Ӷһɫӿ赲ס޳׷ɱ
棬ڸֵ㳢ҵˡ޳Цһλȥֻնɱܳ׽ΣգЩȻӵԶȡñĳɾ͡еһЩǿߣܷ壬ȴӲñðաһ٣ɾԶ޷ǿˡ
󷽷ˣʱĸѾ˹ס޳
СӣǻԪֱ֮˵Ϊյĵطž㵵ػͷȵ޳֮ǰʩչϻ֮Ȼ󣬵ᾧܵסôͻȻһӱٵķᾧ⣬⣬̫˼ˣ˵༧ʱҲһͷˮȫ㲻޳ôͻȻˡ
ʶʶĻԪ֮ı͵űһٵɡ޳Цɫ˲ϣ켱æ߶漴Լᾧֵס˲ͱϻ֮ѻٵҲ˵ãӲڱѵ˲Ԫѳɻڡ
һϵõҽһȫʹȫһ׹޳޳һϻ֮ԾŰסǿĵؾ֮ӵ±˲Ͱɱδغˣεתӣθһ༧Ķ̽Ѿٴܾͱ̴̽ʵҲ˻Ȼͬʱʹô䣬Ȼȴӵһ
ֻһɲǼ䣬̫ԶҲˣķŭУ޲ý޳˺顣죬ǳȫû뵽޳һëû˵ʧλԼĴ˵һ롣
淢ްŭ𣺡СӣҸƴˡ߶Ĵ޳
䣬ĸĵ޳ͬʱ߶Բ׵ɳľʯ޳ȥ͵ƽһ쫷磬Ĵľʯգ͵͵޳
ĸÿ˵棬һ־ĸ棬޳ϻ֮ɱȥȻǿᾧסˡ޳ĽȻ߶ؾ֮ɫ߸ߵĻ磬һ˹ȥֻҪһϻ֮Ͻɱ˲ͻᱬѣʹҲҷ
ĸأ޳˴ϻ֮һȥִ߶ᾧ֮޳ϻ֮Ȼƽ֡Ƭ̺ƾͷ˱仯
޳ϻ֮ĸֵס裬Էĸ˳ûĵ׹޳Ϲ׹ϵԽԽ󣬷


1852 ɽ
༧¶Ц⣬Ϊ˳ֵ༧Ķ̽óͻϮĳž˵ıʱĸȫȫԸԸ޳ûע⵽༧
༧
༧еĶ̽׼ԾϿг֡ʱ༧Ȼͷ쳣ȫݵͷͻȻ¶ֵı飬ƺڻʲô޳༧֪ǰһĻͷļ϶һЩдϢ
ͷļԼԼһЩģĳɽȣһߴŽµˣվĸתšͻȻͷӼҪѸ뿪ǰĳһϢͷ漴޴˺漴޴ڿն˲ʹˡ
ͷˡ
ںĸս޳һǶսи޷ͷ༧Ҳһæͷͷٶ̫ˣճڣͿӰˡ
༧źҡͷȻΪͷǺ޳ܺǰˡںڵ󣬴ʱͷʵѾ͵ľֻ࣬ǲ֪ΪֻٶȾˣʵս鲻㡣޳룬ôǿ༧Ϊá
ϧû޳ͷȴˡֻ༧źһߵ濴ͷ뿪ʱһɡͷٶȣ޳ϻ֮ǿֲκһǿԶҪСӦԣʱԼȫ޳ǿСͷ뿪һЦ
༧̽ڵȴʱʱùµĸȻ޳תתԽԽ죬޳ǰۻҸ˵ӰˡɲǼΧ޳ת
СӣС󷨡༧ѿں༧ϳĸʹ󷨣޳˵󷨣ʵһֲʩչһģĻ٣˲ͻữϰٸӰӣǧ򻯡󷨵Ĳĸ档
󷨱ȫһ£ʩչǱĸʩչȻУĸͨȥ·ϰٸӰΧŵתȴҲֻ֣ܱ
ʱһʹ󷨣༧ͽŵغ޳һݣѸγᾧס壬ɫ湥ȥɫӰȴͬգ޴е׹ҵع޳ɫ򲻵ˣ޳ʱ
༧չϿţŻѰţҪΨһİ취ҵţѸײڶ֮ƹŵķһ˺˶ֻܿϰٸӰתֲŷ༧ڿй۲죬˿û⡣
༧¶һĨ΢ЦȻ̽£ͬʱСӣ칥һžڶһ޳˼Ȼ߶ϻ֮һҵϻ֮ڶһϣת˲䱻жϡڴʱе༧Ȼ̽´̣༧ǿͻ˲ʹ͸Ǹȥ
һдӷʼ˲䣬ԣŭһӰǸϧ޳ˣһɫ˲סǸѿǸӦͻҷ
һƣȻˡ޳ϻ֮༧˲ͽնɱֻʣһ˳ȥ
Сӣúݡָ޳˵һ䣬ͻȻһѪɫ԰ҡҡ׹һս޳һ֮նɱȫֻʣ档ʹٷŭҲ֪ٶȥԼıҲҪˡ
棬ɽڲûգȥɡ
һܲдڵӺȻͨȥÿɫǻҰ׵ģһսڴӴ˾һ겻ˡǻĻᣬҲˣھͳˡ
˼ѪͷŵڵȻݺݵص޳һۣһԲԶȥĵӴϲȥ
޳û׷Ѿʵԭ༧ս죬ԼԲ˵༧϶ҲľǰǧߵϳӭǵĻգǶָһ塣
Ƭڵ˲ߵһɶָܻ˾ţǿտĻĮһ˿
༧ͷΪʲô뿪ˣ˲ϴ޳ʵ
༧ҡҡͷ˵ͷ뿪ȴֲԸڡ޳ͷ뿪ķ̾ϢһͬʹؾһսжͷѾ˸飬΢΢еϧ
սĺܴ󣬾ڵ˹ָ
ʱţ֪˶޳ָ˾ֱӿӿţʱ֮ս޳ľԪؽԪ϶һϻ֮ڽؾ֮˾޴仯
༧ڱĿָУ޳ĵغʦ壬ʦ塣
Сӣʲô£ģû˯ѡ
޳üʵʦ壬Ҵ棬ӦܶԸ˰ɡ
ţû뵽СԻں˵ؾ֮ڵʵӦñǿԸǧ߿»еѡ
˵
ʲôʦ壬ǧôѵ滹Ļ޳ɲȫţ˵ڻ
ҡͷ˵֪쾧ʯڻе˲٣ȴûܴӻ£ܶؽǿߵǿ߿ɲࡣ
޳ﲻһģ緢ôһ˵ǧ߻ҪöԣԼ˿ɱ溦ˡ
ȿһԵ༧༧ȴ֪ʱѾ۾
༧ˡ޳ϲ˵һĥѣҲƺ༧ݣָԵĸˡ
ߺߣҺãСӣǸȥһˡ༧˵ѾǧߵϳֵǳǸûκ߾«ʲôҩ
༧棬ɫЩɵ˵Сӣζԣǰǻɽش
ɽ޳ظһ䣬漴Ҳʹᣬ޵ȻԶԶ磬ʲôҲûɻؿܡһ޳һ˿ԣǰڶսûע⣬ʱΧϵǺɫʯۼЩʯϵ·ڣֻɳֺɫһˡԼܿǻɽµġ
ѵǰǻɽش޳ʱһ
룬ɽ༧ͷ˼ţ˵
޳Ҳ澪ŵ޳˵Ĳǰȷǻɽشȥҿе㵣Ļˡ


1853 
򵥵޳༧ָˣмǹһ밲ΣҲڴߴǿǰȥ뵽ٵֽһս޳̲סĬĬ༧һۡ
༧׼𣿡
༧Զ˵ͷżڴɫ༧ҲΪǧߵս˷ܡ漴˱Զȥ
ʱԽԽӽ߳ѨԵøСģǻǧΪʵھ֮ϣ༧֪һ޳ûѰ˲ҽġ
ͷպɫڡ
ܳƵ͸ΧǻĮżйө衣
ߵ޳Ȼ΢׳ǰһƬޱ޼ʵˮڣϿԼһɺӿ
ܿһ޴ɫޣаɣֻ¶һ˫۾ɢµϡ
϶ԲеĹөӴܡ
޿һɹַ磬޳ѸԱݣ༧ɼ˹ȥ
༧һƾԼѲ̽˲̳ʽ޴նȥһɹַ磬ǰ׵˿С
УͻȻɳֱۣ༧ץ༧̽ٶն£Юɱֱ˿ܣԾɳ༧ץȥ˻̽նֱֻһֱֱӾʹ͸༧ͷ漴һֶ༧Ķ̽༧ʧɫϾ˼ƴ˳ȥͷһͷֱжĶ̽ʱ޳ѷȡ
༧ʱųһ亹ǰ޾ȻԼĶ̽ӲסˡղǱֻ̽Ŷֻ̽Ҫһץ˺Լ塣
༧ʵֻ䡣ǰ֮ûСĻᾧȻһ˿áǰޣΪֻµ˾˵ز
ɫ޿һ̽־ӵԶ漴̧ͷ޳Ϊղ޳ŭɫ޳з˵Ĺ⣬׺ݵؿ޳ͳ
һɹַղС˺ܶࡣ޳屻˹ȥǿ˹ȥͬʱȥ䣬޳ǿ͹ַײ϶ƺˡһΣ޳ûбȥɫ޸˻𣬷ŭޱȴ׷
漴ɫ޷ŭ˻󶼷޿иǽַ޳༧ȥڶݵľŹ޳༧漴Сĵš޳ܿͲɫȻͣȴƺ벻ÿֻԵŭȴ׷ϰ
ѵ޲뿪Ϊ֤ʵԼ룬޳⿿Ȼݣ޹Ȼŭޱȣȴֻ﷢뿪
ʲôޣ༧Ҳɻؿţһ⡣޳ܶؽİ༧ȻҲʶǺɫޡ
ߺߣСӣǻߵϳƽʱû˸ҿ޲뿪ȻҲû֪ˡ༧˼Ž͵ôǿ޾Ȼû˵ԭ϶Ϊǻϳû˸ǰȻ޷ֺɫޡ
޳н֣ɫ޷ϰԼΣվСˡǵʵ޶֣ҪȥҲ޷Ļ밲Σȴް취
༧Ķ̽ӵԶλ޺ܽҪȥ϶ᱻץס޳༧ˡ༧Ķ̽꺮̶µĺɣ༧ܶؽ紳ͿѶ̽ʱ༧ɫ޽µĶ̽вزĵ˼
콥ˣĮϣǺɫˮȥˣһƬţΧе޹ө
޳༧Ѱ˰죬ҵһ泤ˮݣŨڱΡ༧˸εĵطϥ±Ŀˡղһץ˺Ѫע޳æעһͻָããĮϣ洦Σգȱ
֪˶ã޳۾ܺڳ
޳һ񣬿ԶƬֱȥƬɣ޳ͣ£ľպǺɫĵط
ɫ޸ӦϢӿž޴ð˳һɹַ޳зһȥַʧˡ
޳漴̽ǰߣ漴ַܵǿϽ˻ȥ
޳༧ͬɫ˽֡һȥ̽ʱƣǰƽʮɡȴ޽չˣ޳֪ԼԪƿʱ޷ͻˡн֣ȴ˿ûа취
ȥˡ
У޳һĿԼҷݣƣ̾Լ༧ȴް취Ǻɫ޴ޣΪˣٲȻһƬ̵İ˵ˣһֻҲûм˱ʵ̫󣬸Ǻް취
ʱֹȥ˺ܾãһ޳̧ͷȻԶʮӰѸٱ˹
ˡ޳һ༧˵˸Ͻˮ⿴ȥ漴ֻʮӰ̾͵ǰһȺײȵĺӡ
֣ôôĪ༧Сӱ޳ˣ˵һ췢ˣŻ·һȻ
ڷ棬϶༧Сһһ׷ʵ
ߺߣīҵĻѵҲǴӴǷ֪ġȻԸһСӣá
췢˲ؿһۣݺݵ˵
Ǳīüͷһ壬ƺе㲻ڷ棬˵ڷ棬Ը˵ĶԣǾͲöԸСˣֱӶ˳쾧ʯͿԻȥӽˡ
ڷƺһƺĬī˵ģ̧ͷǰ˵ī޾ͽˣҿʮûгֹˣûǡ
ڷ˵գŤͷʮװӺȵ׼
ˮ޳༧ԼµǰЩ˵⡣ЩɱˣȻȥ쾧ʯȴ֪Ķİе顣֪Ϊ쾧ʯɥ漴Ҳ̰ɳڷīǰǲҶӣʵȡ쾧ʯ
ڷīˣΪۻЧΪ˳쾧ʯ˸ֻʮװһ뱼ǰ棬ÿжŹִӱȡ¼ͷ϶׼ϡ
Ǻɫ޻ð˾޴ӣݺݵضǰȺˡ
ޣұɱ㣬˵ֵǮҵȤ
ڷ浭˵
޷ŭһȻһɹַȥϧ̫Զźڷ棬Ļ棬Բ涼⸽һİǧߺǻַݵñ˳Ц޷뿪˹ȥ˰ǰЩ˺÷顣
޷ŭȺװӶ¶֮ɫʱڷغȵ
ż


1854 ԡѪ
źڷһ£ʮװ漴еĹȥ¡ڷܶؽǰʹڵǿߣ޵ĵϸȫ˷ǰ׼ЩͷȫͿ˻
е޷ŭ޴ֱۻֵͷֱͭǽ˿塣漴еɫˡΪЩͷͿ˻˲ﱬըˡ
뿪Ȼ£ֻҪûˡ岻뿪¾Ͳˣ»׷ױըɲǼܡ޷ŭţȻĴɳڿն𣬷·ƽ˴硣
ڴʱڷ涯ˣ˫ȻӶɫͬһֱϣȻ޵塣ΧռķƺܵҲڰɫΧӿȥԶ˿һ޴˹ȥ
ڷ֪޵ҪľǻѹסæʱȻɱ֡޷ŭһŭ޼˺ڷ棬Ȼ˽»ѣȻһںϮȥ
䣬Χռɾ޴ײ¶ɫ˲ɢĺվǰװ˹ȥ漴ͱ˺飬ѪӿѪһ
ڷ棬𣿡һĨмīϡ
ڷޱػЩװӶ˼ܿ޵ĹΧ˵
īΪôöԸ߶ɵ֡ȻΪۻЧڷ󣬶īٳֹû˼ʵ
īһ˴ǰڷԼͷ󣬴ѹԼһӻ𡣰Ҫú¶һ֣úڷʶʶīʱÿ֣ԵɺϵõĴڣѧһ졣
ʱֻī˻䣬ǰ˲˶ӣ̹ͣ⡣ȥīһȣǶе޹ȥӵ˸ǰֱȥ漴һӱԱббܳȥֻīֻ˻ӣ˲ۻޡ
ī˫ֻӶΧ޾޴ڷ緢İɫҲһαһңȥ
ʱѾǻܣѾյð̣ϮҲȵúڷī񲻸ҽ
īǰֳӣĸΧ޷񹥻ϵ˿ڷ淢İɫѷɫīز¶ĸ֡ǧ飬Ҫڴգһ뿪ȫʧ޷֮
ڷ֪㣬Щװû󣬻ѵ˺濾𽥸ɿݣֻҪеˮ濾ɣ޾ʧȥɴ֮ˡЩװվԶ޹ĵطƴҲڽɿݡ
յð̣Ӵ˵ȴоʹʶڷҪ濾ƬſֻˡֻҪһˮ޵Ҫǽµɿˣֻܵˡ
޷ŭѼƴź빥ЩĺӣЩȫΧ֮⣬ּȴ޿κΡ
ʱһ޽·磬ΧΧĸӺͰɫ񹥻ԽԽɣоҲԽԽݽˡ
ʱڷī֮ģûϵ޾Ȼôʹ嶼յ죬ȴȻǿصֵסǵֽˢīǰֳ˶ӣΧ޵壬ȻѾīʹȫˣڷγһźɫȻ޴ȥ
ڴʱˮ༧ĵ޲ԶԼǰѶ̽ȥΪ༧һսֻ󶼱𣬶̽Ҳ¡༧жͬʱ޳ΧɫҲˡѾ֪ڷīǳų쾧ʯģ˫϶ǶͷԷŹԼҪԡ
༧һУʱڷī༧
ڷ漴ȥһӣһɫȻ༧ȥʱ޳Ѿ˳ϻ֮ϻ˲乥ȥڷ༧ֵ˲ͷӦӷ˵ͬʱһֹ༧һ߶ᾧ⼸¼ͬһ˲䷢޳ϻ֮ڷķᾧѾγɣϻ֮ѿֻǰѷᾧ˺һӡ
īȫԸޣûüӦ޳ԺڷһУ漴תϻ֮סīѿīĻᾧƿһӱ÷˳ȥ
һ³䲻⣬û˷Ӧ༧Ѿ̽漴ϳһ񣬷Ͽ˵ī»
īʵʵںڷ֮ϣΪûкڷôƻӦű޳С˷ɳȥ;УΧ޵ӼٷɻŻסȫ༧̽»ǿѹӷס̽༧߶Ȼƿӣīֻҧ޳š
༧ڷۼīΣգȣһɫմȥ༧ֻī˳ȥ
༧̽޳ֻǵʯ䣬漴˫˿
ī˴ѪֻϥӺȻתתī԰׵һָѪɫֻգ۹ͻָ糣ûһˡ޳ԾīΪɲ⣬ԶԶ
ڷۼīգ۾ͻָˣҲһС֮ȫޣ޳ߵ
īСӺаţϾˡѹôĿ
īϵ˵ڷ磬Ҳаûˣ벻СȻôѹִӽСġ
ī˲ҪɣҪȫԸˡڷ˵ţ¶ݣһŰɫΧӿ޳
ղȻֻһ֣ƾڷīȻ޳ǵĶ֣༧ȻųʵǵĶ֡޿ǿȴƣΪǡ
¶ɱ޳˵֪޳ĵˡ
ڷ磬ȥԸޣҰɡī񵭵
ڷһ㣬īһۣղһ½֣޳ʵ޼һ޳͹Ǻټ༧īôд󣿲ͷֻһƻĺڷ˳˵ðɣȥԸޣСĵ㡣ڷ˵ҪдһԶҲֲңԼֻҪɱ޾˴ˡ
ڷ䣬һʮװзż
īӿһֳӣʮӱֱض׼޳༧īһͺȣȥʮҲ޳༧ȥ
ʮӹȥ˸ǰȻһ䣬ҼƵ޳༧漴ת乥ȥ


1855 
ЩΧס޳ˣ漴˷ϷĵĹ⣬޳Χռ䶼ŤССƾȻڷ淢İɫīȻʵһԻڵĵĺڷʱһɣٵߣȫޡ
޳һãЩӹ·ռ䶼ѹȸУ̹ӨӨܿ췢̹Ҳһһ۾͸оԴۣһ㡣
༧Сĵ㣬Щӡ޳߶γһᾧȥֵ༧ǻ̽γɽסȫ޳ϻ֮ȥȻЩӻˡ
ʦ壬ʦ壬ˡ޳üַ޷ƿӣֻ
СӣȷˡīĹܹ죬Ҳ벻ƽİ취벻ܶؽ澹Ȼôĸ֡ε˵
ʱīʮԶԶЩӹ޳༧޳빥ȴţЩӴ˷Ȼ޷ƿ˵ʦ壬㵹취
޳𼱣롣ʦ壬޳Ρ
ǰЩƺģ쳣޳༧ôǻ⣬ָоԽԽǿңԼҲһ
ʦ壬ôоЩ
Ŷһҡҡͷ˵޳֮ƽ⣬ܲЧ
֮޳ͷ漴һӿ˳ϻ֮ЧֻԪ֮
ľԪ֮޳һͺȣ´˲ľľʯӵرðϿյȥīһ˿漴ʮͻȻһ£޳ֻһǿӵ·ؿһ²Ѫ
ã޳Щǿܡ
ŵ˵ղʮµ˲䣬ӦһɴаֻпܷܲϢ޳ûȴжš
˵һЩţǸһЩȻһǳѲ޳ˡ
ӣ
޳һ죬ѹԼЩȻǿӡ
ʦ壬ôôܶԸЩӣ
˼˵СӣЩϽīԪΪһ壬ԲޱȡֻҪīˣԴԴϵһһԶ޸Զ򲻰
ԶҲ򲻰޳Ȼ֪īһ֮ԿԼ༧ȻѲ䡣
ڴʱһսƻĺڷѾϷˣеˮ𽥸ɿݣʧȥԴ֧ţãĿķŭУ빥Щȴ˼뵥˿û뵽Ǻڷڱָӡǰȫŭ׼Щľ׳ӡ
ŵһһŬ빥Щùˣȴ⵽ڷĹѾȼ޴ͷ­۾ҲðһŴ
༧صֵӽЩҪĿ޳ʹȹһһΣգæ༧ǿ޵ĲһĻ
ϧˣȻҵȥ༧ǿͬ༴ȥ̲ס̾ϢҪ֪츳࣬༧̶ֳȷǳףʵܶؽһǿߣ޷뿪󣬿оʵȴҵز
޳ʱĥĻ˼Ƶеİ취˿ûľԪ֮Ҳ޷ƽ޳ֽʹԪ֮ˮԪ֮Ԫ֮ǲα仯ЩӾ겻ɢʼղ༧ʮʱţʱֿʱ»ʱΧǹ仯ˡϷ̹Ǵ̵˲ۡ
޳༧ս죬ĵúܿ죬ȥò˶ã޳༧ֿˡ
ʦ壬취޳غ
ȴǲ˵СӣԼ취ɣҿû취
༧Ȼ˵СӣЩӣȥīԡʵղѾ˵úˣЩӿܶīٿأǹī񣬷Ʋӡ
ĿǰҲΨһһ취ˣԽȥζ޳Խһڷޣ϶ī񹥻޳˾ͻּйذɡ
䣬ȻΣգ޳Ҳ֪Ψһİ취˵ͷ˵༧ҶԸЩӣСġ
༧һϳȻ𣬶ڴʱ޳ҲһͺȣȻƣ߶ȫЩӴȥȫʩΪ£ǿѹסЩӣ׷ױá༧һ̣Ȼ𣬶̽һԶī
ͨͬʱЩӱƱã༧Ѿȥ̽ٴī
īӦҲܿ죬жȻȥ༧̽ʹȥƿӶ̽ź¡һ飬īѾһᾧס̽ȥȴͬʯϣ˿޷ǰ
ڴʱīһӹȥ༧ֻ˻ȥ³ʧˣ涼̾˿༧̫ˣղ޳͵ϮīʹҲˡ
޳ҡͷ͵ϮҲУôЩأ
ڴʱ޵ͷѾȼܴеˮֱ濾ˡʧȥԴȪ޷һʹĵͺӴȻ¡
ಣʮ׳ļҵȥֵȫ±˴⬣ŭĻ棬ܺ޵صЩĺӡͷԼ򵥵޵Ҳû׺ڷ档
ͣʱڷڽͣ˼ꡣ
ʹధܣڷ¶ЦݡԱī޳սڷȻҲʱ̹עīȫռϷ磬ʹڷġ
ƻغڷȴܶ࣬һսīͷȫѹպ϶õáԼʵ磬ȴԴа⣬ֻҪԼõ޵ʱ׸ӣȻԵõá
ڷ̣ŤͷԸЩװӣǹȥ޵ȡ
ЩװӶǴµʿƽʱҫǵֳȫŵսս߹ȥ
ʱһϢֻʣһȻղЩľ׳˹Ǳʶ϶ЩӺģԽԽ֪ǴͻȻͻȻһŭ𣬾޴ԶЩ׳ӡ
ѾһϢ޾ȻӴһԾ
֮οǧޣһԾʮףӴһɽ
ڷɫ˲ˡ


1856 
ӴͻȻһ޴ɽڷҵֵ߷ӻȥʮ׳ӴľӴܣʱīȫ߶ʮӹ޳ˣ޳ȻסīҲʹȫ˿Ҵ⡣޾޴ȻǿʹΧĿռ䶼ڲī϶ʱ¶㵵ر飬һš
޵̫Ӵˣͬ޴ɽ壬īһɲǼɫ԰ףܵسӡȴں޳սУʱͻȻؽܵ޳֮ɣ¡ϧʱѾݲīˣӴȻ£⣬īȻջ˲һǿ󷴻ؿһѪīѾԱƴӴܡ
ĸ־սͻȻջͬ⵽ԷػīһգΧ޳ΧʮӶʱһ޳༧Ҳ漴˻ᡣǽֵ˫һͻȻȥߣһȻƹ
޳Χɫ涸Ȼһʢѿǿʮӹȥʱ༧Ķ̽Ҳȫ̳Уʮӻջȥͱϻ֮Ͷ̽նɱʮӱī񽽹Ԫ棬ѾīϢϢء˲䱻ϻ֮ɱĭžīƺһһѪ
޳칥ʣµӣǻصīߡߣ漱ٵ˵
īʵȫϣ涼о޷ƽӣʱץסᣬһЩӻصīߣīָܻʱɱˡ
ͬʱ޳Ȼ߶ǿʣµʮӴȥһȫϻ֮ѵľ޴գ۾ͰסʮӡʮӴʱţĵֵӴܳȥȻһǣԶī⵽ػѪϻ֮˲ͰʮӽɱƬ
ڴʱӴȻأ޴ʹط¡𶯣īȻӳȥˣʣµʮȴ޳༧ɱۣīѪӰɫͶ̽ͬʱȥ޳༧ȻϷŹ
īǰͻȻӿһӰӰӵðסϻͶ̽ʱѾ˵ī޷ֵ˵ҹӰ涣ȴֻƬ̾ͻҷ𡣶Ӱ˲䣬һӰ˲ˡ
ףīأӰɱĭ˲طīʧˡ
޳īˡǲõģʱΣˡ
˵
༧µؿīߵķ˵
༧ޣȻǸī֡޳˵Ťͷȥʱһ޳༧ȫ׷ɱīϾ˼ʱڷѾѸ˺޵ĸȡˡȻúڷˣһõ޵޳༧һ󽹼ǧޣΪÿ£̺ͬǿһڷ潫ڵںϣȻʱǿµľС
޳ţýƻĺڷ棬ʱ׷ҲѾˡֻޱյòҲ̶õӴвʱĻܹө󣬴սžĿ¡
༧ӱϵİȡˮս˶еַ޵ʬһ˾Ŀⶼǰ棬ǰӦþǧߵϳˡ
ʦ壬ǰ͵ߵϳˣܸо𣿡޳ʵ
޳һӦ
һش˵޳ֻܸоһϢƺڸ֣Ҹоľ巽λ
ʦ壬ѵΣգ޳ŵʵ
ŬӦţҡͷ˵Ҹо޳ϿȥȻɣΣաǧײޱȣ϶׶༪٣޳һţ༧漴·ˡ
ʱѾȫأԲﶼһ顣߰ԵײУ̾ſڣû˽
޳༧ԽǰԽò죬ܵľԽԽɽشѵ߾סڻɽڣͷһ޳༧һ
ΧȫǺɫʯ滹ܻĺۼикת
ȷǻɽش༧һɫʯǰͣ£ع۲ǿʯü˵
ߵϳȻڻɽش޳ŵػܣܵľԽԽָ롣
༧»Ϊβǣһֱҵ޳ɻʵԽϳԽ֣߿϶֪ˡȴһֱ¶棬ʲôԭأ
༧ҡҡͷҲ벻ɻӿٶǰȥ
ԼĪ˰죬ǰȻһɽȣԼɽһƬɽϿյƲ㶼Ǻɫġ
༧쿴޳ָɽȣغʱѾǻƻ裬պɫҰɽɢһƬ⣬ʮۡߡ޳ǰɽȱȥ
Ƭ̾ͽɽһۿȥһǰʮһɽ𣬴ʱɽǻ档;龰ӦһɽشǰոձһλɽһЩطڼ
Ȼ䣬ͷȻһŻĹ޴Զпٷ
ǻ롣淢ֵĺ룿޳༧ͬʱһȻûмǰŻݵĹ޲ǻ˭
ʱǻѾɵɽϿգȻһͷȥǻɽϡڴʱǺɫɽȻһ¡
ɽǻģ
޳༧ӦɽȻչ¶һ޴ĺɫβͣڶš
ǻߡ޳Ȼǻ߾ȻڻɽϣղǸûв༧Ҳɫͻ䣬ܵŶ̽һֻղһڻɽϵĻߣͻȻһֳβһͰѻס˲ӿһŻȼ
ʦ壬ʦ塣޳ŵغڸʲô
޳ǰδеأҲ²òɽǳ쾧ʯһǱƻ
쾧ʯϹ֮Ƭ潽ֻҪܻþ޴ʵǧǰһλǿõЩǿߵõʱѾˣһϢΪ˲ó쾧ʯڼаС֣֮λǿ߾ͽ쾧ʯͶ˻ɽڡ
޳ɫ£ֻ˵λǿ߽쾧ʯͶɽڣ֮󲻾þͱ˻ɽ˺Ȼǿŷҵ쾧ʯԻɽ̾
ȿȣ̾Ϣһֱǧ֣߳徫֮޳ɲηȻͰռ
ʦ壬ǻץΪ˰쾧ʯ𣿡޳̲סʵ


1857 쾧ʯ
ͷ˵ɽѾϨʱ򣬻ɽһϨ϶кܶ쾧ʯߵĵʱкܶᣬǰԼ㾧ʯΪԲ߻һ
渵޳еʲŪˡ
ǵĻɽϨд쾧ʯڻɽϨǰͽΪʲôһ·ɱϳ߶û¶档ȻߵҲʱ̣˲Ϲǡ
ǳ쾧ʯʱǰ龰༧Ҳ׹ˡжһţӻѾʼ쾧ʯˣһɹǺ˵Ĵڡ
޳ҲϢԻסˡСġ浣ĵ˵
޳˵ͷǰ濴ȥʱʱɽϣӴŻ룬ԴԴϵעϣȼܻ棬һɽڣµĳ쾧ʯ
Ϊɽ滹ȼգҪ쾧ʯҪǿҪηͬʱﵽǻͻĪϹޣͨ׵ǹ룬ɢ档η𣬶ߺͬη
ʱ޳༧ǰ˰͸еԶӿ޷
СӣǻɽڣǸûа취ȥô죿༧üŤͷʵɽڣ˻ߺͻηģ޸ް취
ʦ壬ڸô죿˼ζ޷ǰŲ޳ֻ档һ·ģʲôҲģһӰ޳ԸоʦĽŽǿűԻкζ
һ˵޳ǻηڻɽں϶ռ˱ˣ취ɡ
漴潫һע޳ڣǹһ壬ʱоȫһᣬƺһůʣ·Ҳ˺ܶࡣ֮ע壬֮ıԪǵ򲻵Ѳʹһλ޳ڶԸʱע֮
ǹ֮ȫʣ޳оȫȻľԪء߶ԲﷶΧڵ϶ʱľ뷢ľʯϿȥǹһɢȥɽϵĻβһһ£һ˹޳༧ķλ
Űǹ˾һɾ޴湥޳༧һֻϮӲԶ㿪
ǧȻʹ˿Уðź⣬Ӵڰգſںݺһڻ޳֮Ϯǵ֮նȾˣ·һŻ
޳ҵֿԱ˿ȥ༧Ӳ̽մ߰ͷ­ǻ漴һת༧ݺҧ༧ֻ㿪
ڴʱ޳߶ˮԪ֮Ѹγһſлӭͷʹע֮ˮԪ֮ںϣγһӰˮ״ᾧһӲס˻塣ˣܵˮԪ֮ʱһ˲˫ڶԿѸ
屻ס༧һƺߣϳһϿУ̽ٶȴͷ­༧޳ѾĬ޳ס壬༧ûͷ­ǻƺſڴڶݺݳ༧ҧȵӿ༧˲𣬼ҪǿŶ̽
༧ʵֻ֮£һͬСɣǻƺǱۣ̽Ȼһͷ­޴༧ˤȥ༧֣޳߶ҹǻƺۺһ˻ȥ
ߣ˻룬ץһƤĽ޳༧һ֣ɵһɫܵĻȥ
ԶɽϣãȻ߿ϢĨǸӦһʶϤоѵʶЩˣ˿̻ɻؿš
밡룬ˣнסغţ뱻Իȴ֪ļΪĨϢ˹ȥ
Уǧ߿˵˵ΡѾǧ꣬ʵǿ˺˵زΪ˵õ쾧ʯ꣬ھͿҪɹˣȴ˴зŭȥ˲ѾһʶУϳ޳ɱĵˡ
ǧǿĴڣȻţѾ꣬ҪͻƸ߲棬ȴ޳УеķŭԲ˵
䣬ȻһſˣһȻĶצ޳༧˴ʱȫ״ҡͷβѪڶݺݳ޳༧ҧ¡޳һ༧ȥ
Сġ޳ͬʱе˲Ͱǵ·ˡ
ڣȵ˰ɽȶ濾ҪѣһΣһ֮ע룬޳˿ҵ߶ᾧӭȥ޳ĿǰĹֳֻܷᾧͬʱʹˮԪ֮ڷԲ׷Χγɱ赲ˡ
ǻߵʵֲ̫ˣ˲Ͱѱܽ⣬޳༧ȥܿ죬޳༧ȫҪˡ
ʦ壬ô죿ʱ޳ֻƴ߶ñ赲ˣֵס༧ѾˣΣˡ
ҧ˵޳ӣ˾ˡǻ߻ûʹȫѾ޳༧ȵΣķȥʹȫӶˡʱ˿̣侲
ߣӳȥ취漱ٵ˵޳ۼҲֻ˻漴༧ƴ˳ȥһӳʮͣ
Сӣˡȥͻȥˡʱ򻹲Ц޳޳ȴף༥ʦ壬ƺҲ˰СӣεЦЦԼȫʶˡ
༧ϵĳҲˣ˺أڵɫ԰ס
޳ưסעһע룬༧ϵɫʱ˱仯ѸȬš
߷Ļǿ󣬺֮ǰȻͬǴ˿Σ߷Ļȷʵҵĸ֮𣬻ǧڻɽջɽµĴ֮һ֮𡣻˹ɵһ㣬޷
ĬĬ˼Ǹ֮Ȼ֪ⴿ֮ҵ޷ġһ;ȻӲһۺַĴ֮֮شƩһ϶°빦֮ಡ켴ʹҲ϶Ȳÿ졣


1858 
ʦ壬ʲôӦĶ޳̲סʵ
ջ˼˵ôԸǧߣһ¹˶þͻиҳ쾧ʯ޳ǵʱɲˡ
֮ǰ޲ǻȻ˺ڷīһ߸ںһһ˶ܴˣʱ鷳ˡ޳üͷ༧ǻ߶֣ô죿
޳Ȼص˵һ취
ʦ壬ʲô취޳ʱǰһϲ
һֹҽ꣬ѧǲѧһж滺˵һ·ϰǵ٩ʱص޳Ҳ²⡣
׹н󷨣ʩչʱ˲ȴԪΪģʩչֻάһʱ䣬ͱΣͻħ
Ҳ˵ʩչ󣬱뾡ˣȥͻħ޳˼ţ˵
šͷ޳׹ΣʱõģҾ͸㡣ѧѧԼ
˵겻˵֪޳ҪǣʩչȻҪǲܺܿˣͱɡ
ʱ޳뽹УѸٴܻߣȥ»иһīĸ֣쾧ʯ͸ˡԣݲԥȥˡ
Ȼ޳ն˵ʦ壬ˣҰɡ
Ӧ޳ǿҵԸ֪޳Ѿ˾ͷ˵ã޳ȻѾӦҾͰ׽󷨴㣬ϸţԪ죬֧˾Ϻ͹ħ
һ޳ĬĬؼУһ׹ھ꣬ʱƺգȫҲҪתС
޳Ӧ޳нƣ˵׹Уһͻ׹ħԸ⣬ͲҪǿʱ޳Ѿ˾ᶨص˵ͷϥ¿ʼ༧ʱҲָòˣֽػ
ʱȥˣ޳һȫһѸת·һŻ𣬶Ż֮ȴһǿ籡
޳Զ֪˶ã˵ʱ޳ҲѾ׹Ϥˣ۵ԽԽѾγǿ޳ΧռҲزǿȻɢġ
޳̲סһȭҳ·һӿʱͰѵҳһӡɽ༧һ
ǿ޳пϲʱӿž޴ƺܻһ㡣
Сӣ㹦ˣ༧㵲ѣһ·ϣ༧Ǽο޳ͻȻĪعˣȫͷԡ
༧ȥͻߴһһӮ޳˷˵ӿʹԾԾ༧ȴˮСӣƾǸǶ֣㻹Ǳȥˡղ༧һ亹ȻΪǿҲڡ
޳ǰߵķ򣬳ŵ˵İɣһһаɱ˻ߡ༧һüͷûٿƺǸܵ޳ɢǿ˵ͷ֪䣬༧ʶѾͬ˵ĹϵԸ
ٴǰ޳༧û˵ĬĬǰУղŻ߷û׷ǣ붼֪߿϶ּűƻ쾧ʯһû쾧ʯ޳аһûɹʵͻǿֲˣʱ¼ʹԼʩչҲ򲻰ˡ
༧ҲסߣԱ߹޳߱༧Ը༧漴˵ͷ
򲻴˾ͱɽУԶԶȥǰĻɽڣǧߺ͸ղһڻɽڣȴվڿУ³һڻɽʱǧҲ޳ˣʱŭģղűߣǼ쾧ʯ϶׷ᣬɱΪ
߻֪쾧ʯǵҪģּűƻ
ߣһܷŹˡ߷ŭţȻһſڣһ޴Ļ޳ȥʱ»ŻһԲ򷢳¡˹ͬƽһףƺˡ
ڴʱ޳߶ˮԪ֮Ѹһӭȥǰȵӿ༧ܲסܣ޳ǰǵȴס˻򣬱ӲϵذǻǿˡǻڱӵİҹҪѳǱȫסˡ
ţɽϵĻ߳һֻգ۹Ǹôˡ漴߷һŭ𣬾޴ϿУݺݵ޳༧ķλ
һϿУʱɽȷ·ȼӴ弸ڸϷգҫź⣬һ޴Ļ·˲ͰɽȺ濾ҪŻ޳ȫ߶ǰǵҪʧıȻ˲ܿռȥ޳༧ǰγһӡʱӱɢǿڽֵϷˡ
༧Ȼ̽ſеĻߴȥ̽յоͱ˺濾ɺɫȴƲŻβʹȥ
̵̽ǰѾ˿˻ɫǻβֻһڣ̽ͷաʱƽһע޳ڣ޳Ȼǰı㶸ȻһʢʱΧĻѹȥ
𣬰һǧ߱ŭˡ֮ǰûʹȫʱߴͷ­Ȼһͣ·һȥڸ߿Уܻһ޴հ·޳༧ȫ档ˣ༧һ̾ǿǰް취
ʱۿ޳༧˱Ƹǣ涼޳ͺһʹմڵĽ󷨣ھ˲ͬѰ㣬ǿȻӿһ޳ΧڵĿռ˲ȫ˱ӡƽضȻһ޴ıס˾档ɽƺҪ˿ʱ޳ǰıȴġ
޳ӿǰδеǿԴԴϵ۳ɱ㣬Χ㱻˿ڻѸ۶µı㣬ǿصֵס˻ҵĽ
еĻ˲ҰˣȫȻĽɵı㡣У߶ݺݵһӾͰɽȶסˡ޳༧嶼ܻûˡ
޳СġŵغǰδеĻҡ
̫ǿˡ


1859 һ
ǧ߾Ӹ¿ܣɽȶûˡʱʩչ޳ǿ༧Χγһ޴㣬㻤סȫ޳ϼӿ޴ΧѸɢ䵽Ŀռˡ
еĻȻؿţѾʹȫ͵ĻาǸǿ˵ĺһСΣķʱḲ𡣿ǣ߾ȵؿѸţ౻ƵˡȻѹ漴߷ҵĻ·
ԶĻɽڣɻ߿ţڽٻļϢȴӦˣһ˿Ϥĸоʱ߿ƵĻȻڷһŬɽµĳ쾧ʯ
ǧѾóȫ߶ۺش֮ҹȥɽȰڵ֮𶼱ɽܻƺҪһ㡣һʱ޳ղµıѹסˣ漴ҹȥͣ޳༧ͷüë˲ˡã޳аеҧҴ߶㷴ȥ̣׶Ļݺݵ˿㣬汻졣
ʱΣһע룬޳һǿס˻߽޳Ѿʹ˽󷨣ȴֻǿס߽ʱ־ֻš˵ʩչֻάһʱ䣬ͱͻᲽħǣʱѾȥյ蹦ȴ˿ûûа취˵ɱֵѡ
ǧѹס˱㣬ӷعƿɱǰ࣬Ȼȥ쾧ʯĳʹʶҪ쾧ʯͻиǰ뵽ǧһţ·
ΪɽﶼǻɽشĻɽڻѵԻ˵Ȼ˷йΧɽƲɵɶ޳༧˵ȴѡʱ޳༧ȻҲһ㡣
Сӣǵ취ѻɽȣ̫ˡ༧Ķ̽߻ɣڱ˼ŵ
޳ѾһɽˮԪ֮ʩչ֮賤ѸΧ̳ɢܵ߸ҵĹ󣬱ɢܵơ޷߷ȥֻܿټӹ޳Χı㣬γһȹ̵ϡڵƿ˵޳ʱס˻ߵķȴڱ棬һʱã޳벻Ƶеİ취ͻᲽħʱͲ롣
˺ͽ޳ȫʪ͸ˣ༧˵޳˵һֱڻɽڣ϶Ǵӻɽõɽ߿ɻɽֻ֮а棬ǲȡʤĻᡣ
޳˵ĲȷʵΧɽ˵ǣ¾Ҳ޷ôǿ⡣˽ţץ룬϶ʵһǿܶؽ粻֪жǿ쾧ʯȴ޷֣˼ɵɽǧߵηҲһԭ޳ȻҪѻɽ̸ף޳סö༧û˶̽ҲǺް취
ʦ壬취޳ֻ֣Ǻͻ߲ǿĴڡʱҲڽ˼Ҳû뵽޳ʩչ󷨣лԼ֮ȻҲ򲻹ߡ֪ˣղžͲ޳ˣڸô죿ʱղѡ
༧Ȼ˵СӣˣҪʩչ󷨣Ȼͬʱȥɽܡ
󷨣
༧˵ұİ취ãһͳˡߣСӣһ͸ų֣˻ܡ༧˵ţϳȻſëȸһͻȻɢܿһ㡣޳壬༧ȵСӣ֡
ʱ༧Ͽȸſľ޴ϣëͻȻһȻ壬Ͽյǧȥ⻯ë༧ıΣʱϳǧë˲һˣ䡣⧲ĵֹȻ޴һʩչͻٵȫë֮뾭ײʹ޳涼û˵
ʱë·Уͬʱ޳ˡľԪأ𡣡һȻ߶ǰľ޴˲εض𣬹ȥ
һͻȻ޳༧ʹȫͳǧë˲ͬʱ˻߸ǰȻ;ڻܶ࣬ж봩͸ˣǧߡǧ⧲޴ȻһɽڷȥΧ˲ӿһǽֵ
ǧߵķӦˣ޳༧ٶǰһıë˲˻塣Щë϶йǿÿһͬһѴ̵ֻҪѻߵΪƬëȥͻȻһݹ⣬һۼ׾ȻӲס˳ǧй
Ȼû˼Ƥ⣬ߵȻܵشѪڣѪ죬¡һѪꡣʱ޳༧Ѿɽȥ
޳Ҫ߳ȥȻӣȴûȫһ߻ͷеĻ߿ȥһʱһֻǧڰȻ˼Ȧɽȶڲ漴Ϳϵ˿Ѹϣգ۾ˡ
޳ɵһߵ޸̫ˣֱ졣ղŻޣ⧲ͻȻϮ£Իˣǻȴ˲ͻָˡ
ʱǧеŭȫ޳ˣռϷȫѹסǸ࣬ûϵͻȻϮͳ˴ɽлϾΧɽ˲ͻָˡǻ̾ڻɽڣų쾧ʯҲһֲɲɽµػ֮ĹѾܰԼΧĻɽһγһɻصǿ˵ڻɽУ߾ǾԵİ
ֻҪɽУѸΧܿȬ޵еĴڡʱ޳༧ɽȥʢŭ¸׷ȥ䣬߾޴ڿзţһŻ޳׷ȥ
ܡ޳༧ܣԼһᾧס壬ջ׷
˲䣬޳༧ѾӳɽȣʢŭĻҲ˼׷ɽȡһɽȣ޳༧ʱеһղűѹȵĸоһɨ⣬оƺҲǿ˺ܶࡣмˡ޳̲סпϲɽ棬Ըеˡ
༧ȥ޳վ֮ƣ׼ˡ


1860 ͻϮ
ʱ޳һŭ𣬴߶γһɫתתɫԽԽȻŻ߹ȥɫӵһӴӵеĻߣϼйĺ˲ѷԲﷶΧסˡڴʱ༧ǰҲӿһɫȻдȥ
ǿʹ÷Բڿռ䶼ȻһǧһʱһݣǿϿ˲ͰסȫȻȸղֹȻǳɽû˻ѹȣڵ޳ʹĲ󷨵նӸˡ޳ϻ֮֮Ĺһ·ϾĥľԪ֮Ԫ֮Ԫ֮õܴټϽ󷨵˵޳ڵĹͻ߲£ɽ棬ɻɽ֮޳Ƕ֡һ棬ȫͲˡ
⣬ôͻȻˡִټ߻û뵽뿪ɽȵԭ򣬼ͣ漴Ҳһŭſһɾ޴Ļӭȥͱһ漴֣ʱ༧ͻȻȻһ׹⹥ȥ
βһڣž༧˿̺͸࣬һôȫβɨУ¡¡·һ㡣޴ʹõ涼ڲ༧İɫڻϣ˿ûзӦʱ߳βѾɨȥ
޳Сġ༧ͬʱѿں߳βͺɨȥаıɨ÷飬һǿȥ޳ƺһſ³һѪ̫ǿˡ޳ʧɫǲӦβ˲ɨ˹ǧش֮ޱȣβϴ޼᲻ݵҶԿ
޳Աһ߳βͳڵϣ¡һ϶ʱһ޴Ŀӣɳڿնܰסˡβɨգ漴һһ޳༧ˡ
޳Χӿγһӵȥͬʱܻβ͵ĳǧΪ̫ǿˣĻܺ޳֣Ÿβɨһ㣬ѵһһ޿ӡ޳༧ݣβȴ򲻵ϡ
濴ǻռϷڣǿŭĻ߹˰ȴǸ໹ǰȻȴоϼ
ڻɽȣΧɽȫûСҹƣԽԽԡȻʱѾˣ޳༧ڻ߿籩Ĺһζȴߵġ
ʦ壬ʲôʱ֣޳ʵ
һ£˵ٵȵȣȻߵһ㣬һɱӻȥĻᡣһӻػɽȣָܺܿʱɱˡ
޳˵ͷĻ߻ûо죬ŭţһһηҹ޳༧˾ϵС᧿Σ
༧ҰѻˮԪ֮ס壬ͳֹߵҪ޳༧˵ͨ޳װջ༧˵ϱβƿľ޴
УùµĻȻϾֵزǻۺ࣬ղǱŭɱˡȻʶԣǧſһס棬ȻشܡɴʱΪʱ޳༧ϷŹŭУ޳߶ȫȻгһס˻ߵɫȻ˲ڻβѿѻߵβͽɱһΣѪȪӿ¡
˻˻
ǧͻȻ⵽شߵطβͰڶɨ޳ɴʱβͱһΣϿڻδϣʢŭ֮µĻȫһ㡣βҶɨ·βӹ·޳ڴʱھ޿༧Ȼһ֧ͿŻ˶Ͽβ档
䣬ǧߵһƵıѰѻըûҷһ죬𶯡ӴȻأѵȥһӡ
޳༧ȥһ֮¶ϧҡͷڲը飬Ҳٵˡǧôʵ̲صͬСɣߵͻϧȴʧȥˡ
ܻĳþòɢĮţǧ̾ڴھȥˡʵûɱȴǻϡ
淢һ̾Ϣ̿һĻ״
ʦ壬ǿȥȻɡ޳˵
ͷɽﱼȥһ͵˻ɽֻվڿãȻؿɽ档ǧ˲䣬ƻʧ͸ӦĳϤĶһʱ䲻
룬㲻ʶˡеغãȻؿŵϵ࣬ʶǰеĹϵֻһʱ벻
潹˵޳ڸϿҵľпȥħ뽻༧ɣޣͻ׽ӽ
ڴʱ޳Ѿ˷Ӧ˿Ҵܣȫָӡ˵޳Ҳ֪ƽȥˣ༧򵥽һϥµʩչ󷨺󣬾ȫת򷴷Сʱͻ߻ħǳΣ
༧еĻ뷢ıʾҲޣȻ֮һЩĬһ˵Сӣ壬ｻҰɡ
޳һɣʱ߿ƵĻԺмգԼԼоϵԼ׽ˣȻһӿз
۶ҡ漱ô˸Ӧɻؿ޳
Ϊ쾧ʯڻɽ£޳༧ǰ뿪ڻɽ޳༧Ŷ̽ŵػšղɽȣڻȻˡյĺҲʧˣֻʣ½»ɽǵŻ档
༧Ŷ̽һգգضŹȿڷＫš޺ǧһûΣաºܿЩ쾧ʯǿ߾ͻʱ˵ΣѾˡҪ޳ްĿǰʵҲ£ʱ޳ڵ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ͺ˵ˡ
յĺȥܿͻ谵ţ롣Ȼ仹ûлָѾӦԼƺ޳кܴϵܵػԱߡ
һһ谵ɽеǻɽżһƬ
Ȼתðܻ棬̧ͷɽȿڵķˡ༧ʱһݡ
أ༧ӦһϤϢɫʱ԰ˡӦ˖ϢһǿҵΣյźŴӿ༧һǰһ޳ǰ档
ǵΣϢָֻƽ༧ȴܸӦϢǱƽŨҵɱɢ


1861 
ʱ˽ǻҲ쳣ķӦ汻ӡ󣬰˽ǻΪ˶׷ɱӵ˻ߵĵ棬߿סˡԣϢһҲˡ
ţüͷ΢壬ʱ޳ûеþ޷ԵУ༧ͻ벻Ķ֣е鷳ˡûԲߣȻǰĹȿڴһĺ룬㻹𣿺ߺߣ༧Ҳһʰˣʡ·أһӰѾƮ˽
༧ͻ붼ɫ԰ףʶһ༧ʼջ޳ǰ
Ŀɨȫ޳ϣ༧벻޺ͻ߶ɱˣǵ͹ˡǾȻõ޺ͻߵߺߡ¶ʳ޵ɫ޺ͻߵܶؽ˭ѣȴǸʵ벻ȻǰСӵõˡʱĿע޳Ϊ޳ߵ
ԼһܻĖϣڵɱĿȴ޳ĻɽڣѾõĳ쾧ʯ
Ǹ໹ûеõ쾧ʯʹ˿޺ͻߵòͰˣ쾧ʯǾԲñ˵õġߺߣɱǰ⼸ˣȻȡ쾧ʯ䣬һȻǰ༧ȥ
ֻվڵϣǰһתĺɢĺ⣬Ҷڷţ༧ȥҶܷǺҲԽԽһŻ˹ȥ߶ڵѸٷȥ
ʱ༧ж̽Ȼź˹ȥ̵̽ϣͬͣ˿ǰȻҶһʱѶ̽档༧ֻһսһ˴һɿ˶̽Ϊɲ⣬֮޴ҿ༧Ķ̽Ʒһ֮ͨֻ¸ղһ¾ͱˡ
Ǻ༧ȥʱ༧ʧȥ̽оţȴҧ޳ǰ治ˡǹ֮Ȼ༧һѪɫ԰ʱ޳ҲһĻ󣬲˹ؼʱ̣˿ܶн֡޳еľѾתʱĹؼʱ̡
༧ҧţƴһɫȥÖ޳ܿǹ֮Ǳգ۹Ͼ˿ڣ༧ĻָҲǿ˲ͻָ˹ˡеɫԽԽޣ༧ʵȻߣһǸڰߣҷɱ಻ɡ
߶༧ȥ༧Ķ̽ߣƾ޷赲ƵǱܣһһ˿ڡ
濴֣ٻ۶۶ȥ
Ӧһٻ֮ɻؿ޳Լٻ֮Ǵ޳﷢ʹܵ޳׽һЩȻڿջܣҵȥһڿգŖһҶȻȻ߾롣
ʱǺֳһ༧һȴӭ룬Ҷ˰ⷭӰ棬ɱһֿ༧༧ǰһɫҹȥ༧ͻ۵򶼲ǖֵ֣ʱѹס˖ĹơǴ֮ÿһ¡¡ƣռ䶼𶯣ǿȥȴҶ֮ˡǧ֮޻ϣʹ
ǵɫȥΧ㱻ƿۼҪϣȻӺϷһ׹⣬Ȼһ׹ػ༧༧屻÷˳ȥŭһ׳̤뽫̤顣һȥ֮һСɽҲ̤ƣǺҶȻһУߣһͣڿоȻ̤ȥ
ֻЦһǵ׹ⱼϷĻ빥ȥ
⣬롣ʧеȻϵǰ׹ǖһаŹ޴ޱȣаŹ׵纣о׵ʮ꣬׵編򡣰׹ⷢ׵޷ҲаŹ
ǵ׵֮˲͵˻ǰ׹Żתһڹ¡ҽһӰյȥϵƬװ㵶ǹ룬ʱȴֵס׵֮⣬˲䱻ʮ˿ڣѪһӿ
ʱƵĖɱһ֣߶׹ŵϥ޳ȥ޳ڵͷðʱ˭֪ܴšһ˴ţ߻ħͳ޳޷жʱɱʱ༧ɳȥҲˣ׹˲͵޳ǰ
Сӡ
޳
༧ͬʱϾһע޳ڡʱ޳ƿ澭ڸղŴʱѾʧ⣬޷赼Ҵܣͬ˿ʱڵ龰޳ʹüͷͷڡ
ǵ׹˲͹޳壬޳Ȼһζˣʹг׵֮⹥˲ʹڣһ磬רѨС׹ƫʹܽ澭ʱ޳澭ͬ£һžȻײ˶ľһ˲澭ӿȫ
޳пϲղ澭赼գ۾߻ħΣաȴû뵽ĽȻ˴æȫһ򿪣޳ֻһӴ籡һɫźȥɫ˲ͰסҶٷɫȥɱ
ǖȻؿҶķٶȾȻϲŻɣȫɫסˡʱд󾪣ԪһʧȻ䣬ƴ߶Ҷ뽫ɫ˫֣Ȼʱ˭ɵԷӮ
ּ䣬༧Ѿϵһ߶һɫֱӹĺڵֵ޳ɫ棬ۼ༧ȥд󾪣ֻ÷ֳһҶȥֵ༧
һɢɫ˲ռϷ磬ȻסҶѿҶըûҷ𡣴ʱʧɫȥӣ޳ߡȻ߶ɫȥסŭţΧȻ׹⣬޳ȻԼ˷Ҫ޳ͬھ޳ϻ֮ȻռϷ磬ȴ׵֮ɵϻ֮ס취û뵽ȻԼҪͬھ


1862 շ
޳ڵѾڱٽ㣬ϻ֮ȻǶѿ˲ͰѺɱûҷ𡣴ʱ׵֮⹥δͱˣȻһѪӴܡʱѾӲˣΧ˲ɫ档
޳һȴͣס˹ȵ벻
ʱֻҪ޳߶ϻ֮˲ܰɱ÷顣ǿʵҲ޳շͷ׵編Եޱȣ޳ҲǿŸں֮䲻ʤǿޣշΪԼÿ¡
޳룬༧ȴܲ⣬֮ǰһ·׷ɱ༧Ȼ֮ǡߣСӣɱ༧ٵ˵
Ѫȴ¶мؿ޳һӡ
޳߶ϻ֮ѹȥǿѹʹÖɫ԰ֿͽͣϻһһŖѹȥϻ֮ղŴݻٺʹˣѾ֪Ƕ֣ʱҲ˵ֻֿ
̲ס˵޳ʵǿðշͶһǿ֡
޳Ȼ֪ʵǿ󣬶Ҹ졣ҲԳΪǿ󣬹ڴű޳סÖ˳ԼǶһǿİ֡޳䣬Ȼ߶һ׵֮޳һǖ׵֮㹥ȥ޳Ȼһ𣬾㵴Ѫæ˹ס
˲֪ô༧涼ͬʱ޳Сġ˵Ȼǲ޳Σ޳һ߶ϻ֮Ȼѹ£ǿʱʹÖҡѪڴ硣
ϻ֮ޱȣֻҪ޳ʩչȫ˲ܰіɱ޳лһ˿룬շԼʹܵѪ˳죬Թ°ʹȴ֮⡣
ڴʱ༧Ҳ̲ס̽һŖ˹ȥϻ֮ס޷༧Ķ̹̽ȥҪۼ̽Ҫі͸޳Ȼһס˶̽
Сӣ㡭༧¶Ȼ֮ɫ޳һŭ
ֻҪһͻҷ첻ףķһ·Ϲ˳ңҾ㲻޳˵Ҳ༧͡
ûϵ޳Ѹ¶һĨʣ˵Ҫɱɱǲģ㶯ְɡ˵ձ۾һӡᶨ޳ٳɣ߶ϻ֮Ȼ幥ȥϻ֮εֻŖɱ˲ϾѪģˡ
Ұɡ޴ʹǰʶҪĖܲסĵ°Ėˡ޳һϲջֻѾѪģҲ̶ãʹڵϷ
޳һǿİ֡ο˵ʵǿ󣬶죬Ĺ˳˵ʹ޳浱Ȼˣ༧ˣͻˡ
ţ޳ͷʹֵڵưϣһע룬˵ĵط漴ţޱǿ޳עգۼͻָˡӵԾ𣬿޳һ˵Сӣ㲻ɱңԺ͸ˡ
漴üһȦƹ⣬Լ¶ּ޺֮ԼһԸ׷࣬üľͻȻֳԼ飬ֻҪ˫ԼԺͻظˡ
޳̧ƣķһ⻪ږüĵԼϣĬĬͨһ޳ջع⻪üĵĻȦ漴ȥˡӴ˿𣬖޳ˡ
ʲôԸ˵
޳˵ȥɽȿڣûҵκ˲
Ӧһݺݵص༧һۣתɽⱼȥ޳ޣȻΥȻ쵽Լ༧Ŀеλͬ༧ԸԼ΢΢е
Ӱգ۾ʧɽ棬Жڹȿڡȫõ˴޳Ŀ漴˻ɽϣǳ쾧ʯһ鷳ʣµȻõ쾧ʯ
ʦ壬쾧ʯڻɽ棬ôõǰŻĻɽڣ޳ɻʵ쾧ʯڻɽˣֻѾںһôǿĴڶ޷óǵ׸ôȥ޳˵༧Ҳͬ¶⡣
˵Сӣ𼱣Ҫȡ쾧ʯɲףҪæ
룿
ԣ֮һǻȻץ˻롣ȴ֪뻹һ𡣡
˵ţɿԱߵĻ룬ղűˣŻָ˹ʱãȻؿˡ
봩͸£ûж֪Ҳз졣Ϊһֱû¶ǿ϶Ҳ֪
޳༧öȻؿ룬뾹Ȼܴ͸棬ȷδš漴޳һϲ˵ȡ쾧ʯ̫ˡ
ʦ壬Ȼûȥɣҵȥ޳Ȳ˵쾧ʯкܶ죬īͺڷߣ϶Ϣ͸¶ȥˡû赲´˿кܶǰǴʱÿһ̣Σա
ҡҡͷ˵޳ȱ𼱣ļ仹ûлָǿ϶޷ָõָȥ
ʦ壬Ǿÿָɡ޳˵
༧ߵߣӣȫĻʱˡѺõ༧ڶβ͡ʱļѾָˣϡӦǰƺԼĳԼŬؿ޳䡣
֪ʵ治ϵ޳עЩǻȥϤģЩ΢Ϣɢʹû޳˸Ӧ
룬š
Ӧٻɻ޳߹ҧ޳ǵĶ
ʱһһע޳뾭ѵػϳϤʱȻ׷ʲô£ȴȫӦǰˣ漴¶˹ı顣
޳ˣȥȡ쾧ʯ泤һɵ˵
޳Ҳ봫ݳ˼ֻ뿴һۡԥص˵ͷ漴ȻԾ˻ɽ޳༧¶ŵɫǿǵһ˵ܴ͸棬ǰʵ˶Ŵ졣
ʦ壬뻹治򵥡޳̾
治غһ˵Сӣ˵ʲôʦҿĴڣҵܲ


1863 
شȴ޳ĵһЦǱ˷ӡ޳Ǳסˡ룬޳ɲ˵ǰɡ
ɽȾˣɽȳ걻ǧ߰ռ˻ߣҲһ˿̣޳༧ܵ⣬֮ǰȵĺ濾ϢʧˡָرĿ̾꣬ûһ
ŵظӦŵµΣΪɽڻ𣬻˳ͽ˻ɽڲ쾧ʯ
áͻȻʧ޳༧һ
޳ɽ濴ȥֻɽ澲ģûһ˿ɻֻ˵⣬鷳ˡһӴޡ
ޣ޳Ծʵ
ʱӦ»Լദ꣬ȫܸӦһһҡͷŵ˵ޣػ쾧ʯ
ô죿޳Ҳ
½ϣ޳༧˵ͳˣڻɽڲ˻룬Ǹȥ
̾˵ֻÿˣܴ޾ͺ˵޶֣Ǿûа취ˡ
쾧ʯϹλǿΪ˲ڼаС֣֮Ͷɽڵġ϶ܵõģһͣ޳༧Ҳֻˡ
ʱţȴζѰ༧ɴĿȥˡ֮ǰս˺أȻָʵӰܴ󣬼
޳ĬĬλսʤޣ򲻶ϵغŻ֣ͼûӦ
Ϧھ޴Ĺ֪ΪȻȴһϢ
һȺȺ׵ʿŵػ棬Ȼʿоǰһ̧ͷһȴʲôҲûп
ֵܣղǲжȥˡһʮɻԱߵʿ
Աߵʿҡҡͷ˵㿴˰ɣж˵ǴӵĹ˭˱ӵҽȥ
ʱڹУɫĴ俴ǰһͷϳŽǵˡ
ΪЧѪǣ֪кηԸ
ţ֪쾧ʯ𣿡
ɫһ䣺ӵ£ǲ˵õ˳쾧ʯ
ţ㿴ɡ˵ػ˻֣һϢݹȥԺʱ˻ɽ޳նɱߵһĻĻ龰
ɫʱˣʵ£Ǹʲôˣ
ӵ˵ܶؽģӦ硣Ѿɱǳ쾧ʯҲ챻õˡѪϺī񣬺ڷǰȥһҪûس쾧ʯ
·ģѪһհ졣漴ŴһӰһ˲ʧڵС
ػʿǰһ۾ϧʲôҲûз֡
ܿ죬˵Ӱͳһɽϡ
ī񣬺ڷѪǰڷīɽƮ
˵˵ǸɡѪ˵漴ڷͰ֮ǰ޳սһ飬Ѫţɫ
ʱڻɽʱȥˣͻȻһŵغû޳ӦȻ䣬¡һ죬ԱߵĻɽ屬ˡҽȻɽѿһӡ
ӿϵҽֻ͵޳ʱҽһʹط޳ҽ˲䷴Ӧץ༧˳ȥһؾ漱ٵغ޳죬ǳ쾧ʯ
ʱҽӿϣѿһӣȻҫһŽɫĹâֻգۼ䣬лҽ͵ҽȥŽɫâˡ
ǳ쾧ʯ
ǰһٺʱ޳ҲŽɫĹâȻʶǳ쾧ʯʱջҽȥֻҪסŽ⣬ҪȥþͲˡ
䣬޳Ͼ˼ȻȥӲȵҽ֮ͬǰߵĻ档˲޳ȫˣ弡̵Ŀ
޳㡣ͬʱȻע޳Ҳ˲߶Χһ㣬ǿž޴ʹŽ⴦ץȥӲ޳գۼͳ嵽棬ץŽľʯȻӴܡ
ʱɽȿжҽ׷µ䣬ɽȻһƬ
޳ʹȫӳӣջص˹ȥղſڻҽһˣȻõ˾ʯԼȴˡ
༧޳壬ɽӴܣͷҽ£༧ҧƺţ˿ͣ޷ŭ˻Ҫ׷ȴסˡ
༧޳ɽȣǰӰһӭ˹
ˡ༧˵޳˹ȥǽɫʯѾ̣ͻȻ̰
༧˖Ѿ޳ǩԼ޺ǩԼͻĹһѻ⵽췣ԴʱĖǲǲ޳¡
Ʒ޳ϣԼע룬ע룬޳屻ҽ˿ýڵļð̣Ѹٵš޳ǿУȵӿգ۹ϵ˾ˡ
˺ˡһУ˵
޳۾һܣʱ׹ŵʵ༧쾧ʯõ𣿡༧һӻó쾧ʯҪ޳ͻȻǰһеĳ쾧ʯѾˡ
ֻǰʮ⣬վһߣ֮ǰǸӡߡ
㣿޳һԼǧŵõĳ쾧ʯȻȥȻŭ޳Ҳ֪ߵ˵Լ涼Ƕ֣ʱϾ룬ȵһ𹥻һ䣬ӰȻ߹ȥ
ʱ޳ϖ༧ǿ󡣿ܶؽǿ߶Ҫֻ֣ЦһȻһ֣༧ͷ˳ȥ
һǿӿ޳ֻһ裬˿޷ǰеĳ쾧ʯͻȻϿУ쾧ʯɢĽ⣬漴ת۳һȻ޳ϡʱ޳ڸоһƺԼ壬ſеĳ쾧ʯȥ
ʦ壬ʦ塣޳ٵغȴû˻ش
ʱ쾧ʯϽʧ漴һҫ۵ĹâȻ䵽ϡ
޳༧ȻؿţֻеĹâƺŴգ۹򣬿еĳ쾧ʯʧˡ
ʱ޳оԼͻȻһ飬ҲоϢȻŵʵôˣ
ߣСӣ㲻õģֻó쾧ʯˡߵ˵
壿˭ΪʲôҪ޳ǷŭںСҲû뵽õ쾧ʯȻʹԼʧȥ档޳ĪȻ߶ϻ֮ߴȥ
СӣˣҸˡֻһ漴һӰһʧӰ١Ϊɲ⣬޳޷ģ˲ֻˣɽƺܵ˸ӦȻϿУԶȥ
޳ޱȣҪ׷ϣͻȻһԶӰѸգ۹Ӱ͵˸ǰΪ׵Ǻڷī񣬺ʮߡʵ
ߺߣСӣ콻쾧ʯһڷ˵
īĿתϣƺһ˿⡣֮ǰī༧˿ûй˼ɣԖȴ΢΢Щ졣


1864 
죬ܶؽҲǶĴڣԿīһüͷҲֻ΢һ㶣漴ͽĿת޳ϴα޳ܣɥʹī˿̴ŨŨĳޣɱ޲û޳
Сӵޣ˿̣ѪѾ쵽޳Ĺϵʱһ
ʵĶޣܶؽǿǸӵУʵǿȻȴûȻշжʱ¶㵣漴ؼСģǰ겻򵥣ԼҪСĶԸˡ
ʱ޳ɲ֪ǰ˷ͬСɣǱǧ߸ϵĴڣҲܶؽǿߡ˴δӦǰ޷ΥΪ쾧ʯǵۻʵޣΪȻѾȫһۻȡ˺Լʡ
ʱɫҲˣ˵ãѪ
޳Ӧľţʵʣ
ǵۻʵޣΪ棬ۻȡԼΪʡʵܶؽǶĴڣӦúͻ߲¡
༧Ըо˾ţһΪ汻ó쾧ʯ壬뿪޳塣ڣǿУ޳ҲֻпԼˡڿ˶¶ţһݣ߶漴ǰ沼һᾧ
ڷȵСӣѳ쾧ʯг
ʱѪڶ׷׶޳Щ˲²쾧ʯ޳ϣɱԽԽŨѾȲҪˡ
īü˵˵˼䣬̧˵Сӣ㽻ǲ쾧ʯͷһ·վڡ
޳֪ЩɻǷѾѳ쾧ʯˡ쾧ʯϹƬߵ֮ƿӭж⣬޳֮ǰ¶ʵѾܺˣ쾧ʯ϶˿ʵǻ֪ǧߵǲǱ޳ˡһ޳õôͲöԸˡ
Ҳ޳ʱ򾲵Щǿˣ˼˿̵޳˿Ϳͷˡ
ˣǲ֪ǲ˻ߵͳ쾧ʯɻʵǿǸǶ֣ô죿۲ŶΣŵ˵֮ǰǳսһīͲס޳༧ˡаæʱ޳༧īˡ
޳ڵƴ˿Ҵ⣬ז˵ĶԣǴ˿ӿҲˡ
༧ñӵסǣǿܡ޳Ը׼򲻹Ӱɡ
༧һۣȻ༧жԖвеǰ˻Ѹ˹ͬߵ׼
ڷһһźȻһԲ޳ȥһ˺˻Ȼͷڴֵĺ˲ͽ޳ǰסˡǰһڣʱʧȥ˵˵ķ
Ȼ䣬˺˻УһɫӺͻȻ˲͵޳ǰµᾧ˿ֵס˺һ޳ʱһӿԪ֮йΧĽȻȥɫͽԪ֮ײһ̣Ԫ֮ȻһѹȥҲ漴ʧˡ
ڷٺЦСӣĹȻˡ
ղһ£޳Ȼѹס˺ڷ淢İɫԼҲһΪڷ澹ȻƿԼᾧ֮ǰ޳ۼڷĹȻƲȫʩչķᾧ벻̶̰գڷʵȻ˾޴仯޳֪ڷ޵ڵȡ޵ֻΪʱ̣ȫӳղһ£ҲûѹסԷ
īΧʮӣݺݵؿ޳Ȼһӷɢһȥ֮ǰ޳֪īʮӵӷ޳һΧӿһӣȻӾȥЩӹĪ⣬з죬һӽס޷޳ʹˮԪ֮סӡ
ǵӾȥһ޴ϣӹȥˮԪ֮ޱȣ΢סӣ޳߶׺ݵЩӡʱīһȻʮͻȻһأͷȻȥһ䣬һӣӶʱ͸Ӽһ޳
޳Χ˲ðɫ棬һ͵סӽɱϻ֮Ȼ߶īæ֣ʮɢתһʱ뽩֡ʱڷͺһֱ˹һɫ糤˺˻޳ӭץȥźڷһԴĖһ׵֮ʹһڷ档
׵編аŹԵĹԵǖԳΪԭ򣬵ȥڷ֪Ա߶㿪ڷƻ쳣Ӱһ漴޳ҹȥ
ˣСġУȥ޳
ʱī߶ʮΧ޳͹ϴγ˴ɥۺ죬һ͹ʵ޳£ȫ͹һʱ޳סˡʱڷ͵͵һɫ˲䵽޳ǰ
ږͬʱ޳Ȼ߶Χγᾧϻֵ֮Щӣ޷ܡڷİɫ˲䴩͸޳ķᾧ塣ۿһ£޳Ƕ㲻ˡʱ༧Ķ̽ͻȻԴ޳ס˺ڷĹ
ڷ棬ɡ漴һŭ׵֮Ȼźڷȥڷ治ҵæмܡ
īס޳ڷ͖սʱվںѪͷƺһѪǺǧһǿߣԭΪ޳Ѿ˻ͳ쾧ʯе˼ɡ˫һչսѪ漴ˡ޳ĹȻѪȴԶ
ţȥˣøϿɱСõ쾧ʯҹζࡣ뵽Ѫһ˿׺ݵ漴ΧͻȻӿɫȻϿγצĻݺݵ·޳ȥ


1865 Ԩ
Ѫڳˣֻצ·޳Ͼ£ڻıⷢʾȻա˵޳ԱߵĺڷīҲһ
޺˲ͬ츳ͣҪգ׵£һСҲֻмָѪ󸡳գīһ㶡īһ꣬Ϊкܸߣ뵱ȻõۻʽһڿԳգʱһζʲǽӽʵ
޳Ҳһ֮¶ɻ󡣶ͨ˵ңɼĴڡҲ̤޳Ȼ棬ʵʵӦ򡣲˿޳ֵʱֵô̤ͻ¶⣬žؽڡͨʧüγս޳ѾüֽѵʵΪ
ӿƿʵ޳֮ϣ켶޳ʵ֪ʵڼɽʱ˹ܵˣʵȻ򼶱𡣵ȴܻˣ˿ֵ̳ʿ˲ɱ޳ˡ
ڿŭǿѹʹշ·Ҳˡ
ī񣬺ڷ磬¡ҪɱСӡѪȵǴȥ룬ǲģݵλԸСȻм֡īͺڷͶԷ֣ʼˡ
Сӣʼ⣬Ҫʵʵش𡣷ͱҲ
īͺڷ粻ΥʵĻݺݵ޳һۣȥ޳͖༧˲Ӧս׼
˵ɣʲô£޳˵
Ŀݵؿ޳˵ǲǱɱˣߵг쾧ʯǲϣ
ԭǾΪ˻ߵͳ쾧ʯġˣ쾧ʯѾ˶ˡ޳ЦЦг˳Ū
Ƕʱ鴤һ£ʵˣ˭˾ʯ
ʱīͺڷҲ¶ЩȻǷ˶ӵ˽ﵱȻҲ뿴쾧ʯϾǴѺܾõı
޳һˣǵǰߡ
šϺȻ¶֮ɫȷղԶʱԼͲһ޵ǶǿµʶղѾų޳ˣɻ޳˵жʱмš
ˣʳһ£Ŀתī񣺡ī⼸ɲʲôǿīͺڷ涼ҡҡͷΪʣ˿ûиӦǹʶ
ǿĶ֣޳Ȼϣܲͱ򣬶ǻҪҪȻȥˡ
Сӣ˵Ѱɣʲôˡҿǹҡߺߣǲ˵ǾݹҲˡ
ɱһ漴еȻ޳޴߻Ӵ󣬶ݺݵѪڷ޳ҧ־ͰĿ׼޳Ȼ֪޳Ķ֡Ϊɲƾ༧ɱǧߡ
ǻݺҧ޳ΧռʱͣͲˡƺйռ͵޷ʱ޳ΧѸӿٽһķᾧ˲ǰһϡϺ棬޳ڵˮԪ֮ΧһȻϿӭȥ
ϣӾϿУ⼸¶һǳɣۺıӭŻȥڴʱѪҲһ΢ףΪ޳һͲ޳ʵҲӽѹСܴ棬ɱǧߣȻҲԼһ̤ĸ֡ʱľǣСӾʲôͷ
ʱ޳ǰĽᾧϱץ繥£Ѹٱ˲ʹݻ㡣ûȻݻȫᾧ㣬ǵѾ˻޴ıȻһͰѻסɱѪ˲ϿУϻ˫ưڻϣһע롣ֻȻ˻ſһھͰѱ˽ȥ
޴ı˲һȥ޳ȻһֻڵͬжקԴԴϵͶȥ⣬༧һϹעʱ޳ڵȥ޳ȻѲٴйֻҪƬ̿¾ͱˡ
޳СġŵغȻϿУһ׵֮޳
׵編аǵ׹ȥҲҴ⣬ŖȥһѹȥͣڰգȻ޷ǰڴʱ༧Ҳ˲ʹܵǰɫ̽һ裬ûʮڶ̽Ȼ˶ͷ­༧ʵֻһ¹ȥҲס˹׶ͷ­ò¶ܡ޳һ޳Ȼηʩչϻ֮Ż˲͹ȥȷʵۼܵУŭһһԱĻȻſڣһǿȷ˹༧͖㲻ȣʱӿе
ʱ޳ڿУд󣬲ҪīͺڷæԼΨһĻᡣҪīͺڷӦʱ䲻һٴʣīͺڷˡʵĸ־ս˲֮ԣ˲޳ʷӦȻ߶Ԫ֮ɫ˲ס˶ͷ­ѡϻ֮ǿ󣬱ѿǼҲ鿪ç޳ϻ֮¡ǣû뵽ǻͷ­һȻ̸ˡ
ϻ֮ʧˡ
޳авáʵʵ̫ˣԼ㾡ȫǿĹȻ˿κζԷʱһͻȻ޳ǿϣ޳ӱȻ£һӡϵʺȻԾȻŵµ޳
ʱ޳ǹɾ޴ҽ˵¿ڣʮУʺȥۼΣ༧ͬʱȻԶ㹥ȥ༧Ǵ߶ٿڶ̽һ㹥ʡ
򵽣ͬʱͷ˲ٿڶ֣̽µīͺڷ涼ԾŴ죬ҲҵֻΧ˲һɵĹâͺ˱ӰסˡȥֹâȻȥֻһ̣âֶȻӣס˖׵編Ĺʱͷٿڶ̽Ҳ£ĻȻһס˹ȫһȻû˵ʷֺ
ʷӦʱµ޳Ҳ׼Ȼ䣬һӰӵ³ɫȻ壬ɱ


1866 ۻ
֮ǰԸ༧ģټԸղһģΪ޳£ضˡ˿ûϵֹлѵã޳һ¼㾡ȫϻ֮˲䣬žһ񱩽Ԫ֮صشʵϣʵ˲ˡ༧ĹȻңϾΪ޳ȴǺӽ֡
屻ɫξ𵴣ӦȻҧԱ壬һԪ˳ȥԱԪӳȻû塣ԪԼסϣ˵ǻѡʵϣ޳֪ڵǰġ
īͺڷҪѾˡԱ壬ĿɿڴҲû뵽ȴ֪޳ΪѾӽһ·;ç棬ǧߵĶս򣬴ʱ۷壬ֻڣҲ̫⣬޳ĵ
СӣȻɱʣڷ鶼ҪˣСֲ̫ˡʿܶؽǿǿߣȻôһСڷǳ鴤ţ񿴹һ޳˿ıȫɵˡ
⣬⡭īҲĿɿڴֱ̫ˣӦʾˡ
޳Ц޳ԼҲû뵽Ȼ͵Ϯ֣༧Ҳлع¶Цݡ
Сӣѳ쾧ʯгڷڻع˿īɫغȵȴεľšһڷīŴۻֵ³ǵۻϲޣۻ֪ˣ϶Ǽȡʱڷ϶ʱ亹ߣ顣
˿̣īȴڽ˼ī޳֣ƾʮӾס޳༧ˡʵǿʾȻ޳֣֮ѡīҲɵԱ˫޳͖༧ˣѷֻͺڷ档
ڷ磬ô죿īüʵʵѾڴߵĴ㣬кڷ棬ʺڷ
ڷ濴ī˼Ȼˣһ˵ˣǻȻȥӰɣȴӾϡ
ī仰һԲתˡ޳༧ҪҪ죬Ȼ
ܶʱ뾲ţ޳ϥ£ղű»ˣΨīͺڷ濴һֱҧšʱīͺڷѾߣµϢһս༧ҲƣҲԱϢ
޳ָ壬һԾ˵༧ǸϿȥɽɣҵʯȻȥ
ʯʱɫһ䣬һ·޳ĿľΪ˵õʯû뵽һʱ̰쾧ʯ޳ǿΪˡʯ̲סһ󼤵
޳һ·ҿˣǻϢһ߰ɡ༧Ȼ¶һĨƣ˵
ԣҲˣ㲻ŪԵ𣿡˵һӹڿ޳ޣ޳ϢϢأ˵ȻС
Ƕûпʱ༧һ˿ӵɫһ·༧޳ĵѾȫʧˣǱʶѾԼ޳׽ˡղ༧Ȼеһʧ䡣оյأƺʧȥʲô
Ȼʶȡλã༧ذһ˿Ͷߣ޳ޡҸˡ
༧ȥ޳æʵһ·ҲѾ벻༧ˡ༧ζڹؼʱ̾
༧˵ǾˣȻûص˵硣
༧ǵȥ𣿡
޳һɱ˾ĺɱˡ嶼Ѱ༧ԼʱҪȥ
༧ҡҡͷ˵ǣҲؾ壬ܵȥ˸У޳֪ǖһ顣
޳ѿ˵ңҪҵġ˵༧ԼޣȻ뵽ԼѾ˖ޣʱͣסˡ
༧㻹ǸһɣѰ㣬ȥ϶û޳Ρ
Ѿ谵ˣ޳˿Զ谵ĻĮ̾˿ҪҹˡҵһɾĵطϻȻ޳ȥץһֻСޣϻ𿾡
ֹطҪץǧζҰܣǻĮСޖ༧е㲻ȥҪ֪ҲޣҪǶˣ޳ҲôС޺ܿͿˣ˿ɶˣץһ̻ʡӣ޳༧͖ȥϢԼػ
޳һ·֮ϻ֮˸ڵʵѾȫ۷塣߶ΧһᾧڵʵʹǿˣҲһʱ޷ͻƷᾧ
ĮϣڰֻܸоѪζķιǧߺ޵̫Ӵˣֻµü²ܸãȷڻĮ
޳ϥĬĬӦΧӿһǿš
ʱ޳ȴڵ氲Σþʯ壬ʹѳԼ塣ҲܲϤϢɵ浣ģǸ˭᲻Σգ
޳뵣ʱڰУĮϵһ
һȫűϢӰͻȻˡֵúͻȻͻȻӿ˳ΧĿռƺûܵһ˿Ӱ졣ͿռΪһˡϣһ˫ңңע޳
ţȻ۷塱Ӱ΢һ漴ƺڸӦԶ޳ķϢ
쾧ʯϣĸ̽òǿܶؽˡӰа˼ȻȥʱǺҹһƬ޳ǸʮĿ£ȴ޳оٶʱǿ޳۾ɻ߿
СӲˣӰһСΪԼҪߡţ֮ϻ֮Ӱ˵漴һ΢ȻҹĻȥ
Զ޳Ȼ̧ͷɻؿԶǰһڣʲôҲûп
ڶ˸˵˯úˣû˯ɣ
༧һΪػ㵹˯ˡ
޳߹ɫ˵༧ǿˡ
ǿߣ޳㿴𣿡༧Ծʵ
޳ҡҡͷ˵ֻǲһ˿ʶֻԶ쿴һ¾뿪ˡ
ʹ˶һţΪ޳ԼоǸʵͽ˲࣬޳༧˶һ롣༧ɻؿ޳Ϊʲôһ·ϣ޳ǻǿߣֻɻȴû˵


1867 ĺ
Ϊٳ⡣޳༧˲ͣɽ
ʮպѾƬĮıԵǰһΣ˺ɽķˡ˻ĮǰһӲֻٻ˼ҡȴ̿ջ·ߵľƹƮ㡣
ӲȥƹݳԱٶɡʱԱߵľƹݣֱðˮڻĮȻһٿ⡣ǱϾǖ༧ͬ࣬˶ųһ㡣
޳༧༧ҲֱʿˮʹӦˣ߽ȥһ¥£Ҫ˾⣬̻
ʱҾ¥Ķ¥ϣһվһ߶޳ˡ
ԯ֣ڿʲôѵƫƧϻʲô£ں߱һһ췢ˣɻʵֺ߲ûлشĻɫø࣬ɵغ߹ȥ¥¿ȥ
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췢˷һʣǺ߲߻ϣ΢΢һЦ˵ɽ֣ҽҪ˵£رɽҲ˵ޱɱϢ˰ɣ
췢ߵͷͬʱһƵ׺Ҫ˵ʲô
ɽֵ֣õϢ޺ǧ߶ɱˡ˵һ֪СӸɵģǳ쾧ʯܾˡ
Ŷ췢ǰһ˺ߵ˼˵ԯ֣ѵһСȡ쾧ʯ
Ǻߵͷ˵СӼȻɱ˻ߣϿ϶Ҳлߵϳ쾧ʯ϶⡣ԯΣܶؽһǿߣ֪̽Ϣ̰һĸֳͬı
߰Լ֪˵һ飬ʱ췢Ѿߵ˴Ա濴ȥ
ڴʱ޳Ҳоһ˿ǿҵʶ̧ͷȥ췢Ѷ㿪ˡ
༧ߣҸղŲˣǿ߰ɡ޳쳣˵༧͖ҲĵľϢȥЩ쾧ʯǿ߻Ȼ޳˵ʵ˿£Ҫ˿ҵ顣
ϸ¥ϵϢͷ΢Ц˵ǵΪߣȫܹԸ
޳ȴԸЩǿٽԹϾԼΪ˾˵ģ޳༧ҪʱͻȻ¥ϴһ
༧þòλ¥ȱɡ
޳̧ͷȥֻ¥վһ췢ˣĿؿ
ߣԭԯǰлˣҪ죬ˡ༧ߵ
ʱϳˣ޳˵ɢԯ棬ĺɷ͵ϮСġ
λߵѵһ𣿡ԯĿһֱ޳Ϊܸо޳ɢǿϢȻѹɱǧߡ
޳ԯʵԼ˵С޳ҴŸ£ǡһź༧ȥ
ߺߣѵӣԯһ˿ƻ̧¶ɱóö룬͵Ϯֶɵۼ޳߳¥ʱҪö͵Ϯ
ԯ֣һֹɽվ˵СΪӦѾӽˣ༧͖ǻСĵ㣬顣
ԯɱɢȥˣ¶ɻı顣Ϊߣȫƾ͵ϮλɽȴһѪʵǿߣܶؽҲǶڡԯ治ױɽΪֹԼ
ֻɽٵ˵ԯ֣ɾʶܽһжͻᾪۻʣۻʲ֡Ǿͺް취ˡ
ԯ׹ʱҡҡͷԼڶȡ쾧ʯУȻЩʶֻܽжֵۻʺܿܲۻʸԼͱɽپͰæˡ뵽ԯ氵
ɽ΢Ц˵ԯٺúһ
ʱ޳ҲѳӣΪԯ¶ɱǲҴ⣬Ӽӽ·ܿ߳·˺С
ֻǰһƬϹө裬󡣹ƬɽˡǱ봩ƬǧˣԲﶼû˼ҡԾͳһЩ޵ĵ̡ڵƼ򵥣ûﳣǿɱֻкٵ޴ڡ
޳һҲģϾ༧졣
༧˺ɽ˾ʯͿԻȥˡ޳ǰããޱߵĺ˵ȻｹҲûа취
༧ع۲ܵĶŶ̽ɾ䡣Ȼ죬ںȴİƬǧˣ˵оʵ˵ޡ
˻˻ǽ²ϴһЩ裬Ǹܵ༧ǿҵɱС龪ֵܡ
ϵǣһ춼ûʲôʼһƬţһ˿
˶һΪٹһ߳ˡԭԯѡﶯ֣Ҳûг֡
߳ˡ޳ǰããĴ󣬸˵˵
ţһüͷ˵ƺе㲻ԡ
˵޳˲ƮϿУӿŵ·ĴܸӦǿߵϢʱüŵع۲Χ༧Ķ̽Ҳ˲仯ٿڶ̽ͷʱ׼ӽһ̣ʱ̶ھ裬ȴʲôҲûз
ʱ޳ŵ۾ΧԲĵ棬ֻһ˿쳣ᱻȴʲôҲûзѵڽ£ͷһð޳һΪƬ󣬻϶󣬵ˮ棬Ҫ䲻ӽðһޣ޷
áʱ޳뵽༧༧ĽºȻһźϱ״˲ʹ༧塣
༧Сġ޳һУͬʱ˲ӿ༧ںǷ׵֮źȥʱ༧ٿڶ̽Ȼͷȴ¹Ϊźһ塣༧оһ·һѸȫɢһգ۹ȫסˡ
ʱ޳͖žŵط༧һĺɫ·ǵĹǹ༧ãͬʱһǺоȻһֻɫƣȻǰһܣֱ۱ɣһӾ쵽޳ϡ
źȻǻġ
޳ʧɫæˣͬʱ߶ϻ֮Ȼĺɫƴȥ


1868 Ӱ
Ǻɫֱһ޳壬ȻֱϷѸȫȥ漴޳ϳ˺ɫ״Ķȥ޳ĹۿҪԼϣʲôޣ޳һæջֻȫȻһˡ
޳һߵĖҲȻ׵֮޳ϵĺȥ׵֮һȥǲȻˮһѸԱһ¹ۿҪ޳ϡãӲջعǿķ÷˳ȥ
ʲôޣ޳обܵش߶ѸǺȥǵȥͷʱˡ
༧޲ܹҪһʹ޳һϲ
༧ϺԽԽŨѾúٿڶ̽ͷȴԼ޳ĻһȻ߶ȥӿȥĹʱˡ
༧ȫظʱ޳϶˶ˡ˽߶ԽԽĺʱס˺Ľ
ʱͬȹϵϣֱתȴް취ֻҪͻ޳ϡǺܵ谭ɢٶȼˣȻǡ
޳༧Ȼֹס˺ɢȴ޷ƣȥҪ˶ľͻᱻɡʱжھǺʲô༧֮ȻϤȴҲ֪
ʲôޣ޳һ߷ɢһ߾ʵ
ҡҡͷԼҲûм֪ǺǱ仯˵ĺȻֱ˼ʱżķǖۿΣȴް취
źܵ谭ƺǷŭˣȻ޳༧֮޳༧ܵ˺ڲǿҵķŭ޳߶ȥӿȥͣˡ
ʱ޳üĸֳһճ֣ǰ̫ˣһźˮһ֮һס壬˿޷ѡ֮ϻ֮ȻҲƲɢĹ⻪Ȼ䵽༧ϣ༧ϵĺͻȻɢȥˣ漴޳ϵĺҲѸߡ
޳һϿУɫȻݵĺȥʱ༧ŭĺеٿڶ̽˲ǵص䡣źٶ̫ˣ˲˵¡
ˡͻȻ˵˶һǸոĪĹź֪δˣããϣ˼ֻǳġ
ѵԯ棿޳һһֻʮһƬˮ泤ïܵˮݣÿΡ޳˸ƣ漴ˮ˹ȥ
ղغӣֻԶϳӰһ̰߼۶۾͵˸ǰΪ׵һ췢˸ƣȺͣع۲ܡ
Ǻ췢Ǳɽ٣ɽԯ˵쾧ʯϢ̰ʵǰѾ۷壬ȴʼ޷ͻڡڣ֣ͬʵȴܴһڱھ֮𣬳һЩĴڡ۷״̬ڿɱڣѹڡԱɽٿͻڵ֪
ɽ֪Լƿһƿǰ꣬õ쾧ʯܽʯͻơԣһֱԳ쾧ʯ󣬲ɵǧߵȥ롣ڻˣɽٵȻϷŹ
Ϊɽٻ˼֣Ϊ־ۻʣ޳һߺβ׷ոձɽͨʶ̽Ѿ޳˾ǰ档
ԯ֣СӦþڸϸҡɽٲһ˿ʶϢԸʱ޳ȻϢɽڣʶǿ󣬻ǲһ˿
ԯһ֣ŵļ߶
šɽͻȻһüͷɵؿǰ档
ɽ֣ôɽٱ仯ԯͣסŲɻʵ
ɽ¶ŵɫǰ棬ٴ˵⣬ôϹ
ԯȻʵʲôϹ
ţӰǸϹϹǧûгˣôͻȻ¶ˡ
Ӱޣ
ԯһˡ漴ʶ˼־ؿǰ档ǰĵϣղźϮ޳༧ĵطһźѸٱ仯צݺݵؿˡ
޳Ӱĸ֣ҲһӰǺͻͬʱǧޣʵֲҲûгˣ벻Ȼ֡Ӱȫ޹ǣ͸ˮ㣬ˮɢ湥ˡ޳ǸղŲŻоǺ
֮ǰҲӰޣӰʵֻڣĪں湥˸޷ץסԼеǿ߶η֡
ߣӰޣ벻Ҳˣõ쾧ʯɣ
ֻɽߵӰ޺ԯʹȫ˵ߣŵضǰĺʱźѸٱ仯ţԼܸоںӰ׶ס
ź϶ҡһ£ƺڻӦɽ٣漴ȴ޳ǲĵطѸƶ
Сӡɽ漴ˣͬʱеɫһϹҲǳų쾧ʯġɽȫ֪Ӱ޵ʵʹԯҲǶ֡
ڴʱӰ˲˿СӰ޳Ƕ޳Ҳ㲻ˡ
ǻ𣿡ԯڿӰ޵ͬʱ¶Ŀ⣬ݺݵؿ޳Ӱޣȥˡ
ɽҡͷ˵ԯ֣ǵĵ˲ǡ
ԯȻȥɽٺߵϹȻ֣˭Ҳõʯ
ɽʵǿжԳ쾧ʯڱصãԯˣɽٸǷ˵ӿ޳һ𣬱ɽپöʯˡӰ޵ͻȻִļƻӰ޿ǺǧͬʱޣʵֲҲûаȡʤɽ䣬˲˾ȳǿӰޣʣµ޳˸̸ġ
ʱԯתҲ漴˱ɽٵ˼ʵ뱱ɽͬ˵˳쾧ʯ鱱ɽ٣ԼʵҲ쾧ʯڰһıƻŪ˱ɽٵ˼ԯ漴Ҳ˵ͷ
ɱӰޡɽ˵Сǰȥ
ڴʱ޳ڽ˼Ӱ޲ں棬ͬˮֻҪѸɢκι򲻵Գ˴߶ܣް취


1869 Ƽ
źȻ߸ߣȻݺݵ޳Ѹȥ޳༧ͬʱ߶ȻһѸƽĺȥӰ޽ղųһ޳༧˶ʶˣһӰ޾һ˲סȫ޷ѡ
ҵİɫȻȥź϶˺ȻѸŤΣһݺݵףźȻɢ޳ϻ֮༧Ķ̽׵֮޴ʹӰҲɵɢ޳ûɿɫˡ
ֻɢܵĺڶǵĹѸмϣγһźɫ޳ֱиɻ޳༧жʱšĺɫȫ֪ôԸ˶ʶ
˻˻˻
༧һкɫ̽ϿлûٿڣȻ߶źɫȥٿڶ̽£ͬһ£ǺɫҲһȻǣһ쳤һųſɡӭȥղ޳˵һӰ޲ҵֵ༧Ķ̽ӰȴӲˡ
ֻһɡĺڿն˲ûٿڶ̽ưŶ̽һ˿ûз漴ЩûĶ̽ʧˣ̽ȴ༧Ķ̽ǺڰγɵģӰҲ޷ٵʱ޳ϻ֮պõ˸ǰΧȻźɫǺɫ˻ţȻһֳ֣ڹӭ˹ȥһڹסϻ棬һڹס˖׵֮⡣
ϻ֮׵֮ⶼǼǶڹסһ̺ڹⶸһʢȻǶ˹ȥ޳ϻ͖֮׵֮⾹ȻֵסҪ֪Ӱ۷壬޳ֻͻʵһΡЩ츳ھɱͨڡ޳ҲĴڣϖ׵֮аŰԵǿסӰ޹ơ
ڹ⹥޳͖༧æ̽ȥԻ˵ѹڹȻȥ޳Χ˲ӿ㻤ᾧͬʱƶᾧӦֵܵһʱ޳ĖסԖ༧ʵһ䵥»ᱻӰɱ
༧Ķ̽Ҵ̽ɫȴͬ޻޴æݡѾ˲˳Ŷ̽ʹ壬Ѹ
༧Сġ޳󾪣ֻ÷˰ת༧ȥղѾʶǺһް취ʱǵڹȻǣ˲һž޴ס˖
޳ĵѣ˶Ǻסʱŭģ޳ȻӿԪ֮γһҵмĺȥղգ֪༧͖ϵĺṥԼϣʱ޳һˣмĺɫ
źס༧͖Ҫ߽ȻӰ޸оһǿӿԼ塣ʶѲ޳ʵҲ򣬲Ҵֻö༧͖Ӱ޵Ѿͺںˣ治¶ݺݵסźͻȻһŴȻ޳ȥ
Ӱ֪޳ʵǿֻȽ޳ܽʣˡһ£༧͖Σգ޳ȴ˾޴Σźɫٶȿ켫˲ס޳Χռ䡣༧͖ȣʱ
ڴʱ޳ŭһһɫ𣬽漴һɰӿ˳˿̲ǽ򾳽޳ӿȵǿȻϰĺȥֻźɫҵŤҡ޳ʵȻڣּ˿ѾĴڣһȫһ۷塣
Ӱȫûϵ޳ķ֮ǿ󣬴ֲź㱻˺ѣڴʱȻӱһĹ
ɽٳˡ
޳˺Ӱ޶ս֮ʣɽپѾ˳׼ƻû϶֣ڹŵȴᡣӰȫ߶ס޳޳Ȼǿҵʶʱɽپ֪ʱˡɽ֪ȫ޳ȻһƿӰȫʧʱһĨЦӱɽΧѸӿγһСϢϮȥ
ϣһ漴˷ɢȥˡ˿ֻ̣ҪڸǧﷶΧڵǿ߶ܸӦ
ӰжʱҰˣС˲ʹܽ˺棬ͷݺݵӰҧȥ޳ʵӰ޵壬ɽȴ׾ҵˣҷ۷ʵȫһ˵ǺͬʵӰޣ¾һڸ֣һҲ˲ҷ
ֻźɫȻɢ漴ɽܹȥӰ޵ڵӰ޿ʵڵвصȻ֪жǿһС߿ܡ
ϣһƬšɽõڵѸ˻ȥ޳͖༧˸
Ǳɽ١ԺеļѰҵ˱ɽٵϢΪ죬ΪްȫѱܶؽǿߵϢ˴Ϣʹ׾ٵľϳˡ
ʱ޳ҲӦ˱ɽǿʶʵ֪Է߲ơжʱ
ʱֻɽٵ˵ߵ𣿡
΢΢һЦ˵ԭǱɽǰǰղŵıֶǾʣÖ۽硣ųȻǷ̱ɽٸղ͵ϮӰޣڵ¡ɽΪһܶؽ綥ǿ£ȷʵʡ
ɽٺɵغһ˵벻㾹ȻСӵޣСӵʲôͷ
ܶؽ޵죬ͳޣȻԹ޳ޣʹɽٵ˸Ӷ޳˼СġǸСѵʵ֮ϣɽ漴ҡҡͷԲǰڸ֡
ߣɽ٣ҵ֪ģ˵ɣǲΪӰڵɣЦ˵
ڱɽٶӰڵһ˲޳ͷӰڵ̲ǿԺͻкܴ˵Լǖ༧˵õҲʵ˰죬ñɽټ˱ˡɽǿʶʶԷ۷塣
ԼҪɽõʯȥʱ䵢鲻𡣡޳пʱͷ
ɽٺٺһЦԯӺĿɨһ˵Сӣʵǣǧߵͳ쾧ʯǲǱõˣ
ԭΪ˻ߵͳ쾧ʯ⵹ˡǰôȥңҪ


1870 һ֮
ԯ⣬޳ЦЩڻ߻ʱҴ쾧ʯ⣬߸һȲظᡣʱ޳ǻߵڵѾѣ쾧ʯ߶ߣ±ɽٵҲš
ԯһ˵Сӣʶ콻ڵͳ쾧ʯǲ
Ȼ֪޳˿϶ύֵڵ;ʯضһսԯ滹ǾǽòֲѸɸ֮ǰ⼸ˣǼɵİޣǿһɿֲΪԯ޿սºܶǿ߶
ԯ棬ɽ٣ڵͳ쾧ʯڲǾɱҲûáһ£ˡ˿޳н֣Ϻĥ뿪
ߺߡԯһ֣漴Ǽ߻޳˱ƽ
ɽ¶һĨݵĹ⣬޳ʱֵ׼ʱ϶ڵͳ쾧ʯ޳ϣ԰ƴֻҪ޳һ׼ΪǿߺߣȰڵͳ쾧ʯᵽ֣ԯ棬Ӱ޵ڵˡ뵽ɽһ˿ᣬϾӰ޵ڵҲǺġ
ԯֱ˻˻ðһɫСߣɱɫСιо綾ҧһڼʹ޽Ҳǰ롣ЩûȥΣͿԯȻδ̤򣬿һЩǿҲɵ֣ײǡ
һϢԯɢԱߵıɽٶľ۷ʵ˿ûаԯǴ˿ȴе㲻ţСԯ棬ɽһݰ˼Сġ
ãԯĶɽʵǿǸǶ֣ˣô죿ԯ˶ߣԼһ˵ʱʶղžһĻգڻʲôٵĲǾ޴ΣΪԯĶֻҪϾͱɡ
޳ڵӴѸ𣬼ٵ˵༧ǵסɽ١һпʱ䣬취һɱԯ档
ɽȻʵǿ󣬵޳˸ԯ棬Ϊԯµǿ̫ˣܶ඼ǽӽڵĸ֡Ԗʵܵסԯ棬ȴûնԸûĶ롣ͺñһһڰԯĶûͬڰȴӿɼ
޳ԯĶ߲Сĵ㡣༧ü˵
༧һۣ༧÷ɽסɽ٣׵֮⹥Ӧܳһʱ䡣һоͿˡԯûйĶ룬޳Ǹ£ֻðѲĵ˶Դ
޳༧˵ͷ˶ֵ׼
ʱɽҲתɽԭ뷨ͲԯԼȫɱԷȡʯڵǣͻȻ֮һͷԼ޳ܾʱԯ벶ȸں󡣳û͵Ϯ˫ռߵڵͳ쾧ʯͷһðɽ˲͸ıԭļƻ
ԯ֣ȥԸޣɱǸСӡöıɽٿ˵
ʵʱԯǱɽȥһԿ޳ˣں͵Ϯ޳˼ʹ۷Ҳһ
ɽ˵ԯ￩һ£ױɽٶԼ˷֮ġȻŭȴ˵ʲô˵ͷ˵ɽ֣СӿڣҪСĵ㣬ȥޡ
ţɽٵһ漴޳ȥڱɽٵΧȻӿһ㵭İ׹⣬ǰ׹Ȼȴɢһɴɽơ϶ʱ·ܵѹ
ɽÿһѿһŵݡʱɽüĵո֣ǿߵѹʹÿռ䶼߷ֿƾһȭܵһɽȫǿߵʵ
༧ɫǵɫʱ԰ף֪ܲסɽ١һս˱סɽ٣ڳʱ޳ɱԯ棬ܵʤ
޳Һ͖סɽ٣ȥԸԯ档˿̣༧޳˵ȫӿ׼༧һֹɽ١
޳ͷѾֻʱۿűɽһһǿѹʹ޳ɵ༧ܲܵסɽ١
ʱҲˣ༧͖ˡ
Ȼ䣬༧нյĺɫ̽Ͽлû߰ٿڷɽűɽȥڴʱһȻԾ׵֮űɽٴȥ༧Ķ̽ƽʱֻûٿڣ˿̵˼ޣû߰ٿڣγһǵɽ١׵֮Ҳʹȫ׵֮ⱾͰԵȫʩչ£Ȼײɽ١
֮ʵֻ֮£־޴˲ס˱ɽȫɽٷ΢ףҲûϵ޵ʵôǿ漴ֻɽһ˫ȻǰĖץȥȻ˿˹ȥķɽ͵֮⡣
ֻеķɽ׵֮һºڱɽϣɽٵͷ췢˲Ʈǲ㵭׹˲档ɽ͵⹥ȥ׹ⶸȻһ⵽紵͵һ˸š
ɽȻǰߣɽ׵֮ϹȥȻͬڿߣȴûͣѾץ˖ǰֻΧռͣ޷
ʱԯɫͻȻˡ
༧ֵ͖˲䣬޳Ӷҵطϻ֮ԯȥԯȫûзΪɽٳȥ޳˿϶ȶԸɽ٣û뵽ԷȻ׼޳ڵʵ˲ϻ֮Ͱסԯ棬ԯӦ
ʱɽٵƿץ˲Ͱ⣬׶ԷͼסԼ޳͵Ϯԯ档
⣬ʶųıɽӦԯΣգڵ޳ɱһԶԶǿ練ƣԯĶ˿̵ıɽ˲ͺԼղŵľӦñԯ档
ʱɽٷȥȣ»һ˿ԯڵֻֿҪֿܵһӣɽپܸϻȥ
һ׾ٴ˖ĻʧȥˡֻҪӲĲȥԯ棬ץȥ֮
һ̣ɽ˲ԺͷջǱ̰ռˡʱȫԯˣĻȥֻіɱֻҪ˲ɱʣ޳༧˾ͺöԸˡ
ʯ䣬ɽ˾˻ȥԯ棬ѡɱ
༧ɫ˲ҰףȣѾˡɽ͵Ļږϣͬ߷һ˳ȥѪζڴɢ


1871 Ӱ޵ĸ
۷ıɽһ¹˿޷ѣҵعϣі÷˳ȥѪֹ˺Ė˳ȥɽһ֣ɷ༧ȥȻ˾ԯȻץס޳ɱԯʱɱޡֻҪі༧ɱˣԯ޳ƾɽһԶԸ޳
ʱԯѵʱȻڵֿܷס޳ıȫһԯ뺰ɽ٣漴оȥױɽٷˣԯʱľǿٷ롣ϧˡΪɫ˲סѿˡ
ԯˡ
ɽѾԤϵˣ˿ûӰ죬Ȼһȭ˺ѿռ༧һȭȥռ䶼ŤΣһȥȭͷδ༧ΧĿռͲˡ༧ɫ䣬ܵӣΧռȫͣˣ޷Ųһ
޴ȭͷȻҵ༧ǰ༧Χγɵᾧס׷ƿۼһȭҪȥȻ䣬һǿڱɽٱ󣬹ȥ
޳ɱԯ棬ۼ༧Σӹȥһɫȥɽٸо󹥻ǿֻͣö༧Աȥ
༧չ˖޳漴һȻ߶ǹӰɽ٣˶򼶱֣˿⡣ɽһƺһȻ˫ȭս޳˹ȥƹŹ֣Χռȫѹѹȥ֮ѹȥ޳ӿᾧѸγһԪ֮漴һ˹ȥ
ֻռһ𵴣޳ȻƮ𣬶Щᾧȭȫ顣ǿµأжʱȫһȻ޷赲ԷɽٵٶڱԪ֮赲
СӣٳһȭɽĿغ޳ȥ
ɽٵȭͷ˹ȥɽ֮ǿޱȣȻ򵥵һȭϷɽ
޳ȭͣȥȵɽ٣ԯڵҲɣ쾧ʯ˶ˣʶôȻֻһ棬ȴԷʵԼ޳еǖĺ˲ȥ
ɽһ˵ߣûţ³쾧ʯȻԾϿУݺһȭ»޴ȭΧռȻ޳ߣɽĲŹԼˡ޳΢΢ŭȻԴ·磬ȴҲǿܵסɽٹɽ̫̫ˡʱ΢΢ŭ޳ǶϽһɰڻš޳üģӳ⡣
Ȼ䣬޳һˮԪ֮ӴԪӿһ޴ıӶȻ˱ɽǰסȥ·ȭȻһͣ漴Ӿ˽ȥ޳߶ӿپţͼɽٰȥˮԪ֮֮סȭͷȻɽٲǰ벽Ҫ˵Ǹǧɽʵǿ󣬵޳ȴӵ֮ϻ֮ķţԱɽȻȴһʱκβ
֮赲סɽ٣ʱɽٺȻ˫⻺һԲȦ˫ƻƶ·һݻ٣漴мɢáԼıɢ޳һã߶ȻľԪ֮ɽٶʱһ쫷磬ľ뷢ɳľʯ׷ڿնɽ١ɽ˫Ծ⻮һȦһεӿȥɳľʯ׷ɢ
ʱɽٽͻȻӿһƬ䲻˲סȡ
Ӱޣ
ɽȻһųԱݡźһ壬Ѹ˲ͰȫסˡɽٶʱˣΪ޳һȻɫͰסԼ塣ɽٱӿֿʱѾ֣һѸȫӡ
Ӱ޲ôУɽپֵ˼룬ǿߣʱӰ޲ĻңȻתӡʱ޳˵ǧѷĺûᣬ޳ȻŹһŭŻٶȰסɽ٣ɽѾĻ֮¾Ȼֲ屻ûҷˡһʶԶ˳ȥ
޳˲ñģϿȥֻźȻߣצݺݵؿǰ޳¶ŭ֮
СӰޡ༧֪ʱ˹˵
ʱ޳Ҳ漴źȻ֮ǰӰС˺ܶ࣬ԼԿ¶һµףƾо˶жǰź϶Ӱ޵ĺСӰޡ
޳༧µĲźӰ޵ĺղӰʱԱߣȴӦӰ޵ڵڱɽϣȻΪǱɽɱԳû͵Ϯɱ˱ɽ١޳нҡСӰͻȻԼ²ǱɽٵĶ֣һԼС˶
һսжѪϢ
СӰ޽޳źڱ仯ʾĲƽ
Ӱޣɱ㸸׵Ǳɽ٣ѾɱˡǾˮˮʹ˽޳Ӱ˵漴תҪߡźҡŤ仯ţӰƺڿǣҪҪŹ޳ˡһֻ϶ֳһף޳ͷ漴Ѹûȥˡ
ûˡ޳һɣԶϵĖȥղһ£ˣһˣȴʼղۡ
༧ĵ˹ȥ޳˵˸ȻûΣգȴҪ֪ʲôʱѹ
޳ϸһ£֖Ȼ𣬸֮˵ţҪתһȻҴӱɽһȴشۡ
༧޳˵زɾ߰ɡ
޳̧ͷ˿ԶããĴ󣬸ովһĻǰɱԯ棬ֲòɱ˱ɽ٣˿ܶؽǿߡ֪ʲô鷳ǸϿ뿪Ϊá
༧ǿ߰ɣϵɽǻҪҪ졣޳ͷ˵
༧ȴվûŵϻԲѵĖ̾ǻҪ·ˣô·༧ǲ뱳ʵ
޳΢΢һЦұɣȳ˺󣬵ɽҸúϢ༧һ˿顣תˡ޳ϖȥ
·;ûⷢڶƻʱ޳༧Ѿ߳˺վںͷǰǿΡɽΪңԶֻԼԼɽ壬칭ģӰӡ
༧ͷããĺ˵޳õ쾧ʯ߳ɽˡ
һ·գһѵزоһĻڸղš


1872 
վںԵ̾һᣬżɽȥӺɽ벢Զһξܿϵˡ
Ϧ£һĨɫ£ĺɫȻ
ǰԲͬǰĺͻĮľֶ·ȫï֣ܵ档
޳Ȼһˣٶȴ˿༧һڴ༧ӿٶȡ
ι༧ܲܿ㣬ǿҪϿҵʯ뿪޳˵δԲѣ޳ÿһӶļ٣޲һӷɽҵʯ
༧˵ߣˣǾҪˡ༧޳˵ʼձ䣬ȴӲ϶ߣ޳ڶΣﵱԼˡ
ʱ˿ʼɽϽΧɽһƬžͺһԲﶼụ̂һӰɽ·ϣ༧ȴع۲ܵĶ
༧΢΢üͷʱܵطų̽Χûޡӡɽû޳ûĴţҺܶǰԵĶ϶һ㡣
޳˵ǺϢ޳ʱһֶٱ˴ţõʯȥ
ɽѾڰˡ
ɽҹĻУ޳ϵĖͻȻһʹ޳Ͻͣ°іֻȻԲѣɫȴ԰ױúȻڿٻָ֮ǰں޳עȴʯ󺣺޷ӦԼ֪ʲôԭֻòٹʱ޳Ȼһϲ
ڵϣһ£޳˵ţںһֵߣǺ΢֪ô£
ɽ˸ӦǷˣôֵߣ༧ɵʵ˵һԴȪ飬൱ڰˡߡ
޳༧Ŗߵɻѡ޳עһǣȻʯ󺣺޷Ӧοǖȷʵڻָš
šӣڻָЪϢٸ·ɡ޳˼ţ˵
༧˵ͷ֪ڻָô˿ҪľϢֻа뾲ָ
޳˿ܣ˵༧ȥ㿴Ŗ
˵꣬޳漴ԱߵɽȥɽҹǱҪģûлýڣδס
޳ûɽ֣༧صԱߣȡ±ˮιһڣ༧û۵ɹǵƣһ΢Ĺ˲Χյð밵
ʱ༧ͻȻӦһǿҵΣգӦͻȻ֧һ༧
ڴʱ༧ѾΪȻץϵĖƮң΢⣬¿˵ӡ˶ߣŹ漴༧ͷļͷȻŻ˲Ͱӵȼˡ
һӳȥһƬ߼û༧ӰȻ̧ͷͷȥ
ʱЩ˱ͻȻһͳŷŭʲôˣΪҪż˵޳߳أͻȻӦΣգ漴պõסߵ·
߾Żͷɫò԰˵ΪȻͻȻһ˶ûӦǰҲ̫ǿˡɱͳˡ
һϷ˵Ҳӡ޵𣿡
ӡޣ޳ʱһ㶣û˵༧ɫ˲Ұˡ༧֮Ȼ֪޹棬Ϊǿֻöɽ෢Ħ
Ϊռλ޶ԾԼϡֻҪ޲ҲȥܡһЩܳʱ޻ǻĲ¼ɣܶܳʱʵǳֲڰȫ޷ֹ߳ǸطⶼżʵŻȥӡ
ߺߣǴģҪӡʲôʵҪǵ޳ɭɭ˵ͬʱü֣ųһǿҵѹȥ
Ǽһ꾹Ȼ֣ŵսսһСػش
ڵĵӣɽӡޣ޽Сʨ
ڵӡʨ޳ȫû˵̲סظһ䡣
Ϸ߿޳ϵı鲢ûɱŵ˵λǰѵû˵ںʨ𣿡
ʱԭڿҵ༧Ծ£˵Ŷڵӣ𣿡
߶ʱɫһ䣬ɵؿ༧һ塣ڽĵӡ˴αɽӡޡղԶɢϢ׷ٹһͿ༧ȴʶ༧Ϊһޡ׼Ʒȴ޳¶ŵˡ
ΪڵӣȻֵ֪ʵĴǰ֮ûС
ţҪӡ޽ʲôʨ༧ʱ޳Ҫ֪𰸣Ȳʵʨ༧û˵ʵڽӵݣաӰ༧ʱҲˡ
˵޺Ǿǵˣ༧պȻжšҲû뵽༧
༧һ˵ôǼʦû𣿡
Ĵӵգһ˵ޣʦеģȻ£ȴһ˿༧ʦأ˵
ѵǵۻʣֶ˽𣿡޳ȻЩԩ޳𣬵ǶǸղŲ׾üɱ༧΢΢Ȼվ༧һߡ
༧һǼҪӡʨΪȴܵѵǸʨҲ
ʦֻǰȴûиʨڵѰң벻ȴײλƼ༧еɱһʵʵ˵
ʱԶȻһ̾ϢңԶȻ΢ȴش˶ÿ˶оԼ̾Ϣ
յɫ˲һ䣬漴ͷȥǻ̿֡
޳༧ȴһ˵ΪǷ̾ϢΪߣʵƺ޳֮¡ɽ־Ȼĸ֡漴ӵյɫϣ޳ǽˡ
ֻ˵˵գƽղΪʦ̵ķϹн֪֮
ֻյһ봹ף̿˵֪
޳һղ̾Ϣոʧо˵ڰ⣬ô˲͵⣬жʱһݣ䱸˵棬𻰰ɡ


1873 پʯ
ֻһɷĲ˻˽޳༧˵ղ⼸ðײλһ߽ӣ޳Ӧһɵʶ׽Ҳ򾳽ĸ֣ʵ֮ϡ
յ˵ͷվţѣ˶³ۣԲʦ֣ȴӽ򶼴ﲻ˽ǰɽӡޣԼиšǶЩû뵽һ衣
ǰʶ༧ֳⳡᣬѹȥˡҺ༧Ҫ죬Ͳˡ޳˵
Ŀؿ޳һۣ˵߰ɣλˡ
漴˳ȥյ˵ͷ˳ȥ
޳༧ֻ˻Ѹǰȥ
༧˼˵޳濴򵥣ֻɽʲô޳ͷҲͬĸо˿ǿõʯȥҲ˲ˡ
صУ༧ȻŶһ˵޳ˡ
޳ŵϵĖȥֻ۾ƺ벻ʲôںɵؿܡ
ˡ޳һϲ˵ţһעһע룬ϱӺ޳ȥͷ
޳촽һ¡
޳仮˖ӣжʱһ˿ɬ༧һŤͷȥ
о޳οһֱ۾˯ȥˡ
޳༧ʵǣɽͦǧ׸ߣΪԲụ̂Ҳûֵ£༧ʺ޾סĵطȻûпһޡɽ˼ʵ޾סã༧ı̲߱ס̾
û·༧ö̽ǰ濪·޳Ŗں档ʱʱҪͣ·Ҳ˵廹ûȥ֪ʯܵ˲࣬Ϣûдɡ޳ҲǴ
ߵµһƺϣ༧Ȼ΢һǰһƬƽĲƺԭľˣһƬֵĺ컨ʱ̫һЩ컨棬ޡ
޳Ȼʵ༧ôвƺֻѵסˣ༧Ҳͬ󲻽⣬Ϊһ·ɽ·ûɽļ󣬿ǰЩס
޳ǰסˣ뿪ˣֲĻȴˡ༧˼Żش𡣵ȷ༧ĻشΨһĽ͡
ڻϣһ˵Ĺ¼š
༧̲ס߹ȥժһУĸо
㡣޳ϣҲŵˣ˵
ߵˣԱЪϢʱȻ¶ŵı飬ع۲ܵĶ
Ǻ컨ˡ΢΢Ϣţ˵ˣ֪ʯˡ
޳༧ֻ֪ʯɽôһɽڷ˵컨ˡʱһ㵣컨ܶؽǰһʦĽϣޱȡЩǺ컨ǰʧǰֲġ
ʱ޳ȻоһʶƮȻͷֻվһòϵˣŭݵؿˡ
˭ҲھȻ͵ҵĻǲǲˡ
ϵ˵˻һסĵطû˽겻˵¡ղ޳һ·ɽһ飬·ûС컨˾Ȼһ˾ס
컨ǰ󣬲ѴˣǰҪ֡޳˵
ߣǴ͵ҵĻҰæûšϵһ˵
޳˵ʵ󣬲ѲŴǰ֪ʯ
ʯ컨˷һ°˵Ҿ˵ô⼸˺ܶˣҪҵľʯšðɡСӶһ𾴣͸ɡ
˵ֻ컨˴ӻóһ龫ľʯȻ޳޳˼ֽӹֻǾʯӨ͸
༧͖չ쿴һ£˵ͷ޳û뵽ʯȻô׾õ㲻Լ˶ϲҵʯܾȳˡ
ʱ༧ȴֺ컨ϵ͵Цϵǹüٵƭǰɣֹ컨ǲ͸˼Ȼһֻ֣Сӣ˾ʯɽȥϵ˶࣬ٲҾͽзǡ
˭༧컨˵ﶺˣֱͯ
컨ϺȻ¶֮ɫŵ˵㣬ǿ߰ɣҪˡ
޳ظ̧ͷ˵༧߰ɣ컨ǰѾѾʯˣǿȥɡ
Ϣ죬Ѿˣ뿪ƺɽȥ
һ·µɽ£Ȼ˵ϵˣղź컨˸Ǽپʯ
ٵģ޳ȻŖ
ˣ컨˿ʦôðѾʯǣһթ
޳֪Ǻ컨һȽѪ챦ʯƷô͸ˡ䣬ӻͳǿ쾫ʯϸ쿴ֻǾʯһâһͲ֮ͨ޳üĽ֣һɫâȻھʯϡɫâھʯɢϢ
ɫâʯʶӹֻǾʯ˸ĹâȥˡһǾʯһ˿âûˣֻʣһͨʯԭǺ컨ʯϹע޳ʶ̽ᷢ֡
ýƻĺ컨ˡ޳־ŭԺжʱղ뿪ʱ컨˱͵ЦһĻ
ߺߣҾͲµ⣬컨ô׽Ǿʯ༧˵
˶оŭԥɽϱȥ
ʱ޳ŭбϷŪĸоɽϣ컨ϽʯֻöǿˡȽȳ
ַһ˿ƣɽΪû飬Եúܹ¼šղɽĵ·ѾʱȻࡣ
޳ųʶ̽ȥĳʹɽϿܻ֣ºͺ컨˶֣鷳ˡĳֻ֣¶ǳžʯġ
ֻһ컨޳£Ҫһ֣鷳ˡ
򲻴Ѿϵ˸ղƬƺϣ˶ʱһֻǽһƬƮ㣬·Ǿһս
ãˡ޳Ȼһʱ컨˶ԻϧԲԼ𻵣ô϶ڸղߺˣҺͺ컨˷˶ս
ѵǽ棿ͷ漴͸˳


1874 ͻȻ
䣬޳༧һ۶Сģ뿪ʱ䲻֪ʲô£Կ϶һиˡ
һĨϦԵɽϣ侲š
ֻԱߵɽкȻһ죬޳һ˲߶ᾧΧ컨򼶱֣͵Ϯʵ༧ҪΣաָֻƽ
޳͖˺ԥɽ˹ȥղλ棬߶֡ӽУֻһƬŨ֣޳ǸоһĨʶǰ洫֮ǰ컨ɢʶͬ
Ǻ컨ˣ޳漴ʾ༧Сģȥ
һȻǰʧȻֳһׯ԰ǽԺԺһܻŻޡó˰ྻɽׯ͸ɾ续ɽˮ޳Ǵӽɽ˺컨ˣ;ûмһͬһɽͻȻðһׯ԰һ
༧ôׯ԰֣޳ƴó׼ɻʵ
༧Ҳս̽˖ǰ棬ŵؿš
༧ҡҡͷ˵ѵǺ컨˵ס컨˳ʧ꣬ԭɽȻɽֽһׯ԰ֱ̫˼ˡ
ʵܼ򵥣Ϊ컨˱һֵˣ꺮̶½һϧ˷ֻٻˡ޳༧ɻʱֻ΢˵Ժռ޺Ϣ׾͵˺컨ǰϢ
޳ҡҡͷô˵λ컨˻ǹ˰˼ŵĿɽȻһׯ԰ȷʵδš
ֻ༧ü˵޳컨˸ղΪʲôҪѼپʯǣ򼶱ǿߣԸʵȫǣ֡
ܻһƬţǰׯ԰˵ĸоҲһܾõķ԰ûһ˿ʱ޳Ѿųʶ̽ȥԼ컨ƺΧǡ
޳༧͖һۣĿӶ˾ģǰʲôգҪׯ԰ȥ˵صܺ;ʯйء
öȫ䱸漴ׯ԰ȥ߽ȥֻ·࣬߻ȻЩѪ㣬ȴһζ޳ɣŶ˻΢жʾ༧͖Сġ
޳о壬ׯ԰ھĵأЩһӰׯ԰һǰͣ¡ǻһ䷿ôΧդϹ
޳༧͖һۣһɫݻͷ༧ǽȥ༧ü޳ҸоЩе㲻ԾСĵ㡣
ֻﻨĻȻǺɫľ룬˱ǣ졣޳һڣоʱһ֪Щɫжŭ˴˴Դȥ컨˾ˣʲôһ˽ȥ
߽ȥŷֻﾹȻһϸϸͨͨ޳˲϶룬ĬסķΣȥ
ʵǿȫ䱸߶סΧǰԶȻǰֳһдһ¥Ƿ嶥·ˮ漴޳˾ͷԭͷϿɽһٲעγ˺ֻܶǺɫ󻨣ζ˱ѬˮʺɫԼżҶȴѪһ졣ЩѪɫĺҶͺɫĺ涼˴Ī塣
޳ǺҶͺˮж༧ɫ̱䣬ŵؽе޳۲һ֪ЩҶͺˮ϶жϺȻһ˿ЦһȴһӰԼ컨ڰ͵
廹ûȬ붾Ȼɫ԰ףѪ޳һæưסϣעһǵע룬ɫתˡڴʱ޳ֻͷԽԽȻЩãȻʱס֣Ͼܳȥ
༧˵༧㱣ҹȥ쿴¥档¥ںģˮͺкҶȻж컨붼¥ʲôܣȻ޳϶Ҫȥ
ץԱߵĻӶȥ޳ԾȥڵһһǰĻ̤ȥԼ׿ʵֻҪνžܳȥȻһʹ̹ȣȥĻȻ˲ڻˡ
ԭˮ֮ȼһմȥͻˡЩҶֻˮеӳĻǹյ˵ġֻǰµĻҲ˲ڻˡ޳ڿоһ亹ݶһ˺۾һ˳ȥһ̤ɵ¥¡
һ¥ϣڵϡⶾؿ飬컨ƵĻίʵ޳Żй˲ˣ붾ģȻ˹ȥֻԶЦѣǺ컨˼޳赹Цʱߵ༧͖漴Ҳ˹ȥ
һգ޳תҲ֪˼աһƬţһ˿ܿȥһӰ༧͖Ҳ֪ȥ򡣶ں༧͖ʧٵĵطȼܴ𣬰ЩɫȼաʱһæУǽ˰ȴ޷Ӧ
ʱƣӿ˼գܺɫϮʱͷǡ޳ĬϢһԻָֻܴ¥Ǽֻ࣬һߴʯ̨дһ֣߷ӡʨ¥ֹּȫָд򰾢߷ֲʧǸߴʯ̨һľʯӲ˾д֣ʵͬһ㡣ʱ޳Ȼе༧͖ΣѾܴزȥˡ˼ް취ֻ߹ȥϸ쿴ܣ¥Ǹߴʯ̨Ҳûб¡ᷢһʯ̨ĳһƣȴţ뺣޷Ӧ
ʱȥֻ£ⶾ֮䣬ΣķаĪǺ컨⺦Լͺ컨ԩ޳ֻΪʯҵҲ벻ͨ컨ΪҪô
컨ˣб³ʲôú
컨ˣ˺༧͖ʲô޳ɡ

˰죬ʼһƬžһ˿޳ŭȻ߶¥Ҵȥ컨򼶱֣ǰѾʵԲ޳֮£ȴ벻ͨΪʲôҪ޳һŭ֮£ȵ컨ˣҪ޳Ͷ֣αҪôۣмһƬţӰҲ
޳ŭӣʯ̨ϵȥ룬ҷּһȥšֹǸ֣ǵɫһȻʯ̨¸мֳһС
޳Ҫǰ쿴ͻȻϢ⣬ܼ䡣


1875 о
زӣ˴Ƶȴֻ˷䣬¥СܶǺˮ޴Ӷء޳һգ߶Ѹٽһᾧסȫڵӿȣɵķᾧһϣֻ֮ڶЩΪء
ٿ¥ܾ˴⬣һáŹһ̣¥Ľ۵ˡ¥ɸӣѣѸɢˡ
޳󾪣Ȼֻʯ̨³ȥƬ̣¥ɢǺˮ޳Ͼ룬ССڸպùһ˽룬һƬڰ޳һȥںȻϢغסˡ
ʱ¥ѾȫɢܣȥˮУǴʯ̨ʯˮ֣˿澹һͨСֻܱߡ޳ϵĻӷűˮɣһźڰֻǰߡ
˲֪ãǰȻһֳһңһյƣͿҪȼƹɬ޳һԼʯϿһС֡
չȥϸϣϡﾡѾӡʨյ߿ȡһλģ壬Լǣ޼زϣǬ
޳ԽԽľֻд͸ꡣһȴдߣ۵ѣȡ裬ʨ
޳飬Ǽ֮ˣµһ˿ߡλӦλʨǰһǰˣƵЩأǳˡֻǲ֪ΪȴҪЩһʨɻ󣬿˼λǰӡʨȴ»ú߲Ҫʨ
ȥʼղʱڼʣǿ߳ȥǰȥʱѽ˰ףܣȴ˿кѣ޳˼ʱһͨͨ룺ֻҪҵ֮ͨɳȥǰȥһʯһתһխֻһͨһţǹ졣
޳צʯץһ飬˵ͷֱʯͶȥڰУʯ鷢һ죬ȻһŻ棬߹޳ۼǶ򷭹գ۾͹ǰ̼Ծϣ֫ڶϡ
ֻһǻת䴦ʯһȻըˡʱըס˺·޳Ծµаƻ֮ˡƵĻȻӣȴÿһζס˵·ŵֻǰߡ
߹ȥͷȻֳһһ֮£ʱһֻıڶͼһͼ񣬾Ȼʽмһʯϰ鼮޳߹ȥһֻд׵編򡣡
޳ϲ׵編амԵĹƾ׵編ޣŰԵȻǼ䱦֮ζ֮áʱƣͼһɨգ߹ȥһһ
ϵѧؼͷȴ΢΢ʧԭЩȻҲٵؼһСɣҲһЩѧȭס׵編Ķ⹦ȴ࣬ЩͨȭŹڴʱѾ̤޳˵޶ô
ʱйĵ컨Լʲô϶ͷˣֵԼֻмꤣƣĴ쿴Ȼûг·ǰ·˶ˡʱ·ѱը·ˡ޳ڵأãȻĹˣĵĪҪˡƣȻ֧Ųס˯ˡ
һ˯ֲ֪˯˶ã޳ȻһֵˡһϸȴǴͷƺ˵
޳ϲϸȻһڿԡܴϣǺ޳ʱԼλãǿȿ˵档޳ϲƴȫͷϺ𡣡ɤӣ˿ûУ¸ã޳ɤӶˣȴЧԼ˲ϿȿȣϸϣƺǺ컨ˡʱ޳ƣһҲûˡ
ڵϣĿϿȥֻЩͼҲͨѧδ⡣ĿһƳȻһͼֻͼϻͬһˣϥһͼϵ˵ɷƮƮɡڶͼȴȣ࣬ͼ˷·ϻͯ㾹Ȼģĸͼһͼһͯӣδѣȴܿ˵ӡ޳Ǿ棬²͸ͼǺ⣬ͼֺۼ˲ƣʹչȥϣϡһλ

زϣңͬȻߣ˳֪档Ϊ֮ޣ˳Ȼ֮棬淵象

˼飬Բ²
ĿһͼֻǷͼһڹͼرʾеķλǶȡ򼶱֣һۿȥƳͼϵܶء
һڹ뵤ѭ硣ͼϵȴǷ֮˳Ϊ
̡ʡԨȱģƲ޳ĵ̣ʴԨ̫ξȻ衣Ϊͼʾ˼䣬ͼʾŴ߶һ·еһů֫ٺһƣҲһɨ⡣
޳дϲæȥϰѻޱһůߡм֣֪׹ͬһ㡣ͼϿ֮ģ壬޳ֻôսȥѾּȴʼտ塣޳ģȥʯϴּ˰죬ҪջءȻʯ¡¡һ죬ϾȻֳһʯҡ
޳һһʯ޶ȥֻʯҴԼֻ֮һֻһʯͷ©һŹ̧ͷһ澹Ȼһڿݾڿݾ棬̧ͷȥʮɸߣֻ¶һԲԲաʱ޳оѣ澹˶ءӦûׯ԰ֻǲ֪һĹǴ£ȴ֪л
ʱҵĵط޳ʱһ֪ʹɤӣҲԲȥϸһϾһ鼮ѾƲϲˡ޳飬ֻһҳдţ괺ʨͬڣȥ᱾ͽʨ֮ϰ֮źСϵǰ棬޳µһЩӡʨǰӦʨͽܡ


1876 
λǰΪѵԭӡʨȴʼ޷ƽϢ¥ȥֲԼƽѧûﶴ¶λǰ֪׹̫ԵΨֽ䵽թСԼ̻ȥú߻顣
ڶҳϻһڹʯͬ޳οȥͼϱʾֻ֮ǣƽ֣ףӹ޳һ·ʱȣȪռƣˡ
򿪵ڶҳϺһЦڸȴƮʱ޳ѹ˲ô࣬ͼʾȥڣһδµĹжϳˡ
޳Ѱǰҳͼþ죬ֻԽԽӯҪ׫ȡ
ں޳ͷ˯ڶһؽɴش򿪵ҳͼȻͷһ죬һͷϰŰ޳Աһ㣬ǰڵϣѸ˻ȥ
ֻ棬컨̽ͷ¿һۣתˡ
컨ǰ컨ǰҳȥڵ˲֪޳Ȼ컨ˣغǸûôǾ׾ʮɣɤӣھ׸ȥ
£޳ֻ̾򿪰װʳˮͼԱһֽ⿴ȥֻдСӣǵһˣЩʳˮ㹻Ű£ͷȥʱ޳˼죬Ѽꤣʳ̻ʡֱԵöǱԲϸɾ·
Ȼһͷ컨ô˺ģ컨˹¥ڵ£޿ñ׾ٵ͵ѧ书
ֻȴ벻ԣȴԿǱջ
޳ã̲סȥ˵ҳһ£ûԼ˼Ҳգ޳ѾҳȻое㲻Ծͼ꣬ʱţºˣӦһԣȻȫޡ
޳һæֻȫȻйһ㡣̼䣬Ȼһй⡣һɲǣ޳ʱףȻ˺컨˵ĵоŭУ޲ɱ˺컨ˡ
̧ͷȥڿһˣʱƺҲû˻
Ȼ컨˹ʯǱǹѧģ߻ħ޳Ȼջǿܲ˸ѧջ˵ڣһʱҪȥ컨˱ȻȥΪû书κβ˺컨ˡ컨һίʵܶ޳ǿŭ𣬽˼
нգȴƽȫȻʹпʯǷͼӦģʯϵǼٵģѧʹ˲֪߻ħ
ߵУյǷͼǰϸϣǷͼϱʾҲˡ޳лһ£ʯǱϱʾģ֮ƽ֡סӹĵĪǾǴƽ֡ס˲
ϥ£Уȴáⷬҧ˼һտֻ컨Цѡ
һգ޳ڿʯϵͼʱȻԱһС֡Сּϸ΢޳ǰֻδʯҾͳˡһֱʯûг
һϸϣԼϳǰһ֣֮ˮݰٴ֮ΣϸԹ顭
Ҳ塣޳λʮ飬ĵڹĪ֮йأȥȴҲй֮ĵطں˼룬Ȼͷϴһкƺ˴ˡ޳һɽ˼˺컨˸ûбˣǺ˴룬ѵǳžʯģ
ʱӻң졣Ŵһ컨ˣ޳ͷһֻϤ΢һ˼Уڽ档ʱһǽʵǿ֣Ǹʯйء
޳ͷϷһ£ŷ¸»̵һһϸܺ޶һ΢ЦԱߴƾߡ޳һ׹Ӧûң컨Ǽƴ󣬻æҶ
컨ˣ컨˴Լܿһһĵλǰƻʱ࣬һ·ɱȻΪĵ׼컨˽϶һܵûлصġ뵽˴ɾһ߹ȥϸ쿴ܡ
޳һѾּ֪
һӶмѰһˮ಼ڰܵν簵ˮšܷ쿴ȴʼҲһءߵڣȴû˶޳Ļ䣬ڱϣ˼ǧһ߻ħһ㶼书ʧзϣ֮ǡȴֻʧʵ֡
ڻ˯ִУ˽е컨ˣٲҾͷŻ԰ӣ㡣
޳ں޶벻ãҪŻ԰ӣղŷȿǸԲڴ컨˲ڣҪȻ˲޹ཻԼ˺ʨ϶ĪϵԼʱ߻ħʧһжλǰйءһ֮£Ȼȥȫʧһ¾ͨͬȥһϾȻ¡¡¶һš
޳ϲ񣬱ȥϸһԭⰵžǽŴ൱ֻͻΪʧȥͨƵģӦλˣ˺ͨһ޳ײȻ˻ءֻɷΧһʯ¿յ컨ȥˡ
޳ϸ쿴ܣȻҽ䴦һصۿףۿ￴ȥպðѴοһղź컨˾޳
ͨǸϷң޳ѰһءԼ˵ˣһӵһ޷֣˼ֱţƵĻÿһ޷졣޳ǣȻҲ
޳һûûзӦĵ˲书رȻЯ֮֮ͨü˼ΣͻȻָϻһԲεİֻۣ¸һϷϢֳһšǰʯϷվϸպùš޳һʯáȻ˳ȥʱҪãƵ˿޷죬˽о
޳ȥһȥԶˡֻһң˿̴һˣţԼ˯ˡ
ӽǱˡ޳һ򣬼Աһӣæ㵽Ӻ档ղغãȻһ˴޳һ˾Ȼǽ档


1877 
ʱ޳ղغãϢȥǽϵ˲ΡΡ˵𻪣Ҳ⾫ʯ𣿡
浭˵棬㵱¶ôˣҲ˶ˡ
˵ͽأڼ¥Ҳ̸ˡαҪͱˣ
ڿٹˣȴú컨˽¥¥Ѿ٣㻹кλ˵
̾һ˵𻪣Ҳʨѧʹʧؽ¥ӡ档һܽظǡ˭֪澹ȻҴʸλǻûлظԣͽɸλ⴦áȻ棬Ҳˡ˵ս̾Ϣ̬Ǳʹ޳ԼˣʨʦΪʨǰʲôУ˷ӡڴˡʨڵ·ķȥ
Ŀ涢Ŵˣ˵棬ڣʨɱϡҶǿϲŴӦӡꡣѹ˽ˡ
˴Ϣһڷƺкܷŭ΢˵棬ڿΪӱﻹ쾫ʯʵѾһ˽˼¥ܲܵõʨľѧ;ʯͿ컯ˡ𻪣ˡ˷ֵĿЦ
ʱѾòҰף漴һɱѸܻһϷŪңȻһǿŽ湥ȥ
һƺǴأֻȻ棬˲ͽ˰ܡ֪һȻѡʯ٣һѸӡ󾪣ȥˣȴֻѸٴͷѾ𣬽ԼҲΧ档
淢ŭ漴Ȼ˳ȥʱں޳ʧɫӳ̼кȻѿ¶ңֻ컨֡޳ʱҲ˲ö룬Ծ˽ȥ
ȥҶͷˡ޳ղųȥĵطת컨Ѿˡֻͷյžžҵ¶Ҳ
գ޳޲Ź棬ԼоƺһжǸղŴⰲŵģú컨Լ¥κ컨˲޶⣬ֻȴ֪кͼʱиǵ༧͖֪ôˡ
ʱͷϿžžڶԼǴΧӣׯ԰ˡԼԼָӵѰҵڡ޳۲ܣղź컨˲ʧˣһǴӰˡʱ޳г˺棬ѾˣҲȥϸѰҰ
ҳӿյأܿһ޳֮ǰѾϸ쿴ֻһطǽɫ΢΢Χͬ漴ǽһֻǽϢسһֻ߸ߣںؿ΢һɣ˽ȥ˸һȥˣڽ£˽ȥȵشŹرա
ֻһڣ޳䱸߶һɫסȫǰȥ֪˶ãȻǰһһ޳һСƿţ˽ȥȥܿȥ漫ǿ󣬿յһ޳ȥ
һǰֳһߺʲôҲܳߵͷǰһӻȻʣһ޴ѪɫӡѪаɿеˮѪ⣬ǳһľ׮ߴʮɣ߸šб䣬һѪɫзع󣬸ղڵ⿴ĹžǳˮĹ󡣶ڳУһͷ۾ʨع⣬ɢһȳϢ·˯ǧһ㡣
ʱһϸȴǾʨ޴ͷ­Ȼǿݹǣȥ֪ʱˡ޳жʱ뵽ʨǰʨӦþʨ˵ûʨѾˡղͨͽ̸֪ʨǱʯӡʱ޳뵽ʯһ𣬽Ƶǰ濴ȥ
һŲѪеعе㲻ԾղŽʱΪѪعʨɢġϸһȴع⾹ȻǴѪ淢·һ䡣
ţѵʯͲ棿޳Ȼһϲ֮¾Ҫǰȥ漴ȴˣΪԼ֮ǰ͵ѧϵͼ߻ħʱһ˿Ѫؾ߰ʮףɹȥ
Ϊ֮ʣȻϿյľ׮ľ׮ʮ֮ǰûע⣬ʱŷÿһľ׮涼˩һͨСʱһɡѪϿΪʲôЩľ׮Щľ׮ʲôãϸ쿴ȻЩľ׮ƺɢһ
ʱ޳гţʱʧͬˣûа취ʱȻһǿӿ޳⧲һӱǰɫѪСӦԼƺ컨˵Цʱ޳ȥѪһɴ̱ǵѪ˱ǶŻ³ѸѪ¡
ѪʮɷΧ濴ȥŲˮһ룬漴Ѹ³ȥ
У޳ܵץסԱһľ׮ֹס³ѾˮУʱȫʧСһžһ˿ֻ޳Լͺһ޳ѾֱȻ֧Ųסͨһ³ȥѪˮ˲סһ£Ѿ
һмɲǼ䷢޳Ѿˮ¡ڴʱͻȻӳһžԲʯ顣Ǿʯ޳˲ϳˡѪϿɢعⶼǴ淢˿̾ʯɢعȻǿһǿӿ˲Ͱ޳ɳȥصײ˶ϡ
һǿ޳ˮк޷֮ײ˹ȥ֪˶ãѹȻһš޳˶ӣѵվʯ˿Ժֻˮǿ龫ʯʱ޳Ӧһɱ仯Ŵ߶Ȼֵӿһȫ߻ħȫǲġ
Ŵ߶־Ȼһ˿Ӧͬ΢紵ȥˮ棬һѵǸղײײ˶ľʹ޳пϲĪϥ£߶ǹСһǹԽԽȫ֫ٺů紺ǽļѾʱӦָо֮ǰʱһģһ
ѵǾʯϵעԼ壬޳ϲ֡ӿůȻܾУƾ޳ʶĻǿ


1878 
ʱ޳ڵǹƺѰ·쳣ţһ
޳΢ı仯ʱƣǹǱĬ赼Ŷľ֮߻ħ򵱳ʧ޳ʱӦò̫أһ߻ħǴҩɾˡ
޳û뵽ȴе񣬴߶˿΢ѭžͼУӦǵ̫΢ˡѨ޷ӦʵҪΪ߻ħԺѨƾ޷ײҪܳ忪
һ˼ζûЧ޳ɥ̾˿ηˡʱн֣ʯǰԼȴް취ʱ뿪һ컨˻ٵҡ¾ʯԶ޷ˡң԰صλǰĻֻһж֮СԼ߾ʯ뵽޳һΡ
ʱٵţҲ֪˶ã޳ֶȻ˹ȥ
һͲ֪˶ãȻȻоһӿ߶ȵط֣ԭľȻͨˣǹǱĬײ޳ľ
Ц޳Ȼ߶һɰӿʱڶһ쫷磬ռ䶼ˡֻһӣ֮Ȼ֮ǰ˲֪ٱֻǰѪҲڿռҡʱ޳סʩչ֮һɫȥһѪľ׮Ӧ顣
޳пϲ߶һȥ䣬ѪϿյЩľ׮Ӷػҷ𡣶ڵʮľ׮Ѻ漣ˡ
Ѫһ˳˿Сž⣬Ѫǿ龫ʯಣ޳ϿУֽľʯס
ʯˡ
޳óХһʯ뻳ͷȥֻѪϵعʱʧˣڴʱʨӴҲѸή䣬գ۹һѿݹǡ
˻˻˻
ʱȻһ׹ʨĿݹϣݹ˲ͻΪҽˡ޳عͷ컨վԶһؿ
ʱ޳ѾԼԼ֪һжǺ컨ԼгţȻȵ컨ˣô£ΪʲôҪҵ
СӣԵ֣һжԵʨȥⶴежˡȻӣȴе֮ʵǺ컨һ֮ǰӣɫ˵
޳һãȻ˵ҲˡȻղ濴汻յĲ״һȻ
컨˵˵СӣǧĲˣֻΪʨһԵʨѪɱɽ˷ˣյ¸Χˡֽӡ˳ŵɽһֻޡ
һ컨˽˵Ϊ˷ӡʨ治ϧϹžʯȻסʨȴ˵졣ֻǣ֪һ߾ʯųʨһѣŴͷ
ǣЩɾ̽Ϣڱ̽漴پǷ׷ǰȡʯ
޳һȻͬһŵ£벻⾫ʯȻô뵽ʨлҷжʱһȻ
컨ǰΪҽ޳ʱȻʡ
컨̾ϢСӣ֪ԼȴԼƽѧ£ǡʹˣ˾ȥң֮һж֮С
߻ħ֮ⱻʯע룬ָһѵҲ氲ţ޳ʵ
컨˵ͷ˵ѧȻȴӣר⴫ѧΪ㾳绹޷߻ħþʯͨϵѨ
ʱ޳ඥʱ׹ˡһʱп֣߶㼴֪ܵƽʱ˶ٱȻеԵ
桭һʱ𵴣̲ס˵
ӽȥ¥һֱڴܸоλǰĻ㣬ǳ˿ɱȡһλǧ겻˾ȥˡ
컨ĬĬؿһۣ˵Сӣʱ䲻ˣЩ˿ҵˡϿȥǰѧϰϵĹѧˣҾҪˡ
ţ޳һλǰ࣬Լһܹ⡣ź컨˳ȥ컨Ҳ˵һ·򿪻أܿͰ޳쵽֮ǰϻͼǼҡ
Сӣץʱҳȥ컨˷Ըһ漴ȥ
ʱ޳Ȼһǰλ
컨˵СӣģҰǲںܰȫĵطȥҾǳ
ţ޳ͷʱ޵ģһҲ⿪ˡΪλǰĸжľǾЩ
ϵͼ֮ǰ޳Ѿʱٶнһ֣͸оһ˲ӿȫȻرǹǣţȥʱԼվʯѾ룬ѾȻȻеĵز
ǹȵԶУ޳۾ŶϹͼȥ룬Ȼѭűϵͼ絽һ̶£Ѿͱͬһ͸ѭС
ȫůУ˼ƣͣҲ֪˶ãȻͷϿһƬ
Сӣ洳ˡһ޳𣬿ˣȴܸӦ컨˵λãһڡ
ʱ޳ǹպ϶ϵͼջƣֻӿǿ󣬷·ӵлʵһ㡣ʶڲ֪Ҳǿˡ
ʦпھҵˡͷϿպȻһϤ޳΢һ˼пĽͽܵҵˣǿھ֮ǰ컨˻޳ӹ
޳΢һ˼漴ź컨˵λöȥŲһȴһӰٶ
޳ҳȥҪˡ컨˵ţŲͣǰȥ
޳һȥ
컨ᳵ·ش޳һֱߵһҡȥȴһɽԼɽ紵˿˿⡣ѸɽȥֻƬֲ컨Ĳƺ
ʱ޳ŻȻԭиڣ϶Լ༧ͣʱɽ͵˾Ҫ컨Լңڹ뵽棬޳һƬܡ
޳һͺֻұɽ߳ˣ༧͖༧͖εˣ컨ǽһУҪڴ˰ĵȴ
ˣû°ɡ
޳
Ӱʱ޳˹ȥ֮ǰһ·˻֣ʱȴβסС


1879 
༧͖ȻӺ컨֪ԭίһ߰죬Ҳżˡ˿̿޳֣Ҳ˲˹ȥ
༧û°ɡ޳ҲǸ֡Ȼô¶ǵ黹еԲεЦЦ
û¾ͺãû£޳õʯ𣿡༧ʵ
ţ޳ͷľ̬༧ʶԼʧ̬ˢغ쵽˲Ӹͷȥ
ڴʱһӰɽܳǺ컨ˡ漴ɽϴ¡¡ľ޴ֻɽں¡ȥһž޴ĺɫ̡Ǻ컨˻أұըˡ
ǲˣͨأׯ԰ӵ浽ȫˡ⧲ڵӷ׷ײҽУըѪɣ˱Ұ΢紵ɽжʱһѪϢ
ɽ޴ըͬʱڻʶһϵĴڣɻ̧ͷŶɽķ
ӵ£ǸˣҲʶӦѾˡʱڵУһձ׷˵˵
ȻתĿɨľգ⵽ô£
ձ˵ͷ̧ͷ˵ӦǸɱ˻ߺͱɽٵСӣСӵʲôͷȻɽٶУ̫˼ˡձ֮ǰڱɽٱɱһʶʱͲˣɽٱɱȴȫôɱġ
ţһüͷ
ҸоСʶǿˣ⵽ô£Сӵʵһαһǿ̫ˡߣڳ쾧ʯ;ʯӦö䵽ˡľգ˵ô죿
ձľǰһӵ£һ취ӵ³һܶس쾧ʯ;ʯ
ӳһ£һ˿ݣ漴ȴ¶ǡǻʳǿصֻлʳ֮ʱŻԸһˣ᲻С漴뵽ȥǧߣɽ٣ǿǿ߶СҲǱҪġ
ľգϴһ֧ȥس쾧ʯ;ʯ
ľǰһӦһҪȻһϹʱȫá
󵨣˻ʳֲ֮й¶ҿ˸ҵͬһ٣ѹľպʹϣȫ˿޷ˣΧʿȴ˿û
ľŵȫ̱ڵأȻܶؽ綥ĸ֣ƾ֪ۻʿѿѾϵĿ´ˡ
ʱҲ¶壬˿Ҷ
пȻһкȻһ̬ϵӣһͿ˵ڡ
ߵۻʡľվŵع¡ԭһѱĴҲŻҵع¡
ӿŶɽķ򣬵˵£ǲҪˣš˵գһŵۻʵӰʧС´Ӻľհ컹ŵö¡
ʱɽ޳ͺ컨˵ڿ߽ʧׯ԰컨׷꣬Ȼһһľи飬ʱ˼棬пѡԭǧǰʶһλӣһ޵Ϊʶһλ֡ʨʨϹޣ潵ޣϧʨչڼԴ󷢣ʶɱ˵ۻʣʳ׷ɱΪ˱ʨԸݣȨᡣ
ۻʴɽѹʨΧǧǨߣʹɽΪһɽ
Ϊ㣬ܱȣϧȴѡɽĬĬʨ˻λ컨˲ʤ˸У̾Ϣ˵
޳ĬȻλǰֻһ֮ԵȴԵɺϵõĹҲǰˡ
ã޳ʵ컨ǰ֪滹кԸǡ
컨˿һۡҡͷ˵Сӣ֮ǰʹ档ҡҡͷ˵пۻһ棬ϧҲȲˡ
ǰһ߰ɡ༧˵Ȼˣ컨˶˼ˣ϶Ҳڴס¡
컨ɽ֣˵Сӣȥɣϵˣ᲻áɡ˵գ޳˸漴ûɽС
޳һ꣬ˣ㲻ѹɽס꣬ͨأɽϵǻأ˵沢ûһв۷ѡ
۷˵û޳ȵʵȫԼĶ䣬Ǹۿ˱סˡ
šͷɲֻܶؽһǿô򵥣ɻǻݣĹҪۻȫʸֻҪſ϶˵ġ
޳༧һãȻ˵ˣô㾫ʯõˣǻǾҪ
ɽѾ߰ˣ޳γѣ˴£¹˲ö룬漴ɽ¶ȥ
һ·ϣԾһƬţһ˿ԶԶȥͷϿջ컨˵ɽǵۻʴ͸ģִӦޣһɽ
޳ڵҵʱ䣬컨˰赼Ѩָĺܿ죬ѾԼˡ
˼ӿų̣պ뿪ɽȥ֮ǰͱɽپĶǵһս绹ǰ뵽СӰ޻ڸÿﶼһСġ
ʱ༧ԶϣӰӴ廹΢΢ԾСӰôӰ޵ʬˡ
ãʲôˡǸСӰҲɱˡ޳ʶܣͻȻü˵̽鵽СӰ޵Ϣȫʧˡ
˶ʱһţȫ䱸߹ȥ鿴һȻԱ߷СӰ޵ʬ壬ȥ˼ˡӰǺǧޣʹСӰҲǿߡɱСӰ޵ľǱɽǿʵڡ˶ʱɻҲѣΣʱʱ̿̾ߡ
ʣ·һж˳ܿʹ˺󣬵֮ǰǸϡ
ʱѾƻ裬ַ˼ȥƹݱһ٣˼ҿջЪϢһҹȥ߰ɽֶÿ˶ƣ
ҿջпջڱٱһưкȥ༧͖һ䣬޳߽䣬ڷ˵֣ڷѵⶼûУֵԸСӣȻɸ룿
֣ڷҲǲȻǧǣҲгˡֻһ˵
ǶƺˣһԺһֻǰǸ˵֡ٵȼգȺڷˣһȥɽСɱǧߣҾԲСӡ

һ
ʱ޳ŭȻЩ˼ֱ겻ɢſǲŹԼˡߣϴ˺ڷ棬һҪɱ漴뵽ԼϴžʯҪڻȥ޳˲ɱڷͷ
ʱ༧͖Ҳ˸˵һ£ȵںĵ뿪˿ջ·


1880 аħ
һڣ޳ĵǽڵرȥʱҹ䲻ù˼ɱ˷֣˶չȫ·ǰӽʶҲСġ
ܶؽлʶĵλȻϵģǰ޳Ѿīڷϸܵ˵ۻʵʵīͺڷ治ǵۻͨʵǿ󣬸˵Īĵۻʡ޳ܶؽһۻʿ϶ѵֵ֪ǵۻһֱûж
ֲѰƽʹ޳ӵǲǱʲôıܶؽɱ棬ǧߣɽ٣˵ۻӦзӦˣȴʼûжԼ䣬޳еһɽĲԤС
ҹ絭·
ӰƻѸǰȥʱǰȥһƬĽҰ⡣
ȵȡǰ޳ͻȻͣסŲ̽飬һʶΧȥԼԼоǰһ˿쳣༧͖漴ͣסŲܿȥǰǳҹɫ͵ҹ硣
༧ǰһ޳վţʵ޳ô
ǰƺǿʶ޳˵˿ѾԼʶöԷ֡༧͖δ򾳽磬Ȼûʶõġǽ˻Զôǿ֣߳жʱһɻ
̧ͷǰҹɫ˵ǰǽˮﲢû˵ǿߣѵʲô·ˣܶؽ˵򾳽ǿ߾Ƕˣһ򼶱ǿҲ׳֣Ȼֿ϶д·
༧޳˲֣Ǳɽٺԯ涼ӰˣҲµĲǰҲǳġ
ҹУ޳ɿЦһ¡ȻȥЩǿߣڱΪӵǧ쾧ʯ;ʯѾʸ֮ˡʹǱˣǱȴŹ
༧ǰȻǿ֣߳ʱһܰɡϢһٸ·ɡ޳˼ţ༧͖˵ܲЩǿ߾Ͳǣﰵϣǰǿֻ·
Ͷ٣ڿջûüϢƣ޳˵༧͖ӦˡһԼԱһӣ˽ȥ
һƬڣ޳ط˲׿ϵĶţﰲȫˡʱѾǰҹкˣ޳͵͵ʶ̽ȥǰǵʶڰ⣬вŷˡ԰ľ룬ǿǾԷֲǵġ
⼸Ƕˡ༧˵óɫ̽һ󣬺Ȼ΢΢һЦ˵кóԵˡ漴һӰȥ
üֻӡţһֻ׼ߡ
пˡ޳Ÿ˵˵ȥԱЩ˻ѡҹǴȹˣûлѿ϶ֲ䡣ȵ޳ѻ༧Ҳ˴һֻ˻Ͽܿ죬ʹŨؿζ
༧ڿ⣬޳͵͵ʶΧ̽飬漴ü΢һʶ̽ȥǵǿҵʶǰﴦ˿ûƶ֣ǰǿ߾ڸʲô
ںӳ¿룬˿޳֪ʲôһĨ׾ĺĵա
༧̧ͷ˖һ˵ɣȥǱ߿˵겻Ȗ˵վ޳ȥߣһ뿹飬Ȼżһɿζ˱ǶϽȥܡ
༧ߵ޳ߣԱ£ĬĬؿǰ༧Զأ޳ȴܸů
޳ȳ뿪𣿡༧ƽһ˿顣ֻƽȴ̲ż飬֪Ϊ༧ͻȻԤе޳뿪
ţȳȥǧȥҲһˡ
޳˵ܶؽ磬ƺҵһ˿ټȴҲһд𰸻Ҫڴǧҡ
༧£㻹Ǿ˵Ⱥ𣿡
ţѾˣҵĳҲ㱨ˣҲһȥǧ硣
ڰУ༧˵仰¶һĨΣΪںڰ޳ûп
ʱһι򿾺ˡ̸˺Ϻʵļ׸޳ԼҲһ̻༧߹ȥֻʣЩʣµģӺһҪ顣޳һӹһ顣
˶˼죬ɽζû˲˵ʱ̻ʣֱͶ̥
ס̻ʵ޳Ȼʾ༧͖ͬʱҲҹ˵ʱ˶棬סϢĵ·Ͽȥҹɫ΢أֻ·ϺȻӰӰȫҹ˴磬ɢһ˿ǿߵϢ
޳༧ϢҲҳĿЩҹ˿ٱȥ
һЩҹӰˣ޳˿ɻ˵ǰ治֪ʲô£ô⼸ʵǿ󡣡޳ղ̽Ѿǰﴦֹһ򼶱ǿߣ벻мǿ߸ȥʱ˶ʶǰһʲôѰ鷢
޳ȥǰ淢ʲô¡̲ס˵Ϊ죬ʱ̹ްΣȻܶؽκǿߵĶ򶼼Ϊġ˿Ѿʶǰ϶д·
޳Ťͷ༧Ҳ˺ģ༧һѳʣµͷӵ˵ðɣҪȥ߰ɡ༧ѾԾذԼ޳ϵһ޳ҪȥȻš
˱ӣСĵǰ汼ȥΪղǿ߾޳˵ǲϢˡʱĸʱ֣һƬԼԼֻΧɽֹȰشˡ
һ޳ųʶ̽ȥʱһԼǰ澹ȻкܶǿߵʶɢӾȻھۻᣬĽҰԵ÷졣
˰ʱȻǰ޳˵ˡ漴ǰ濴ȥ
˿̣ǰĻҰȼܴ𣬻յԼ˸ڻԱڿУһƬ޳ʶ΢һų͸оʶԼ̽һϽסʶҰϣȼѴ𣬻ӳõͬ硣ԱߵȺŮ׽Уװò졣ȥʵʮʶ̽ȥ
ֻǻĽҰ⣬ͻȻȴȺˣҸʵǿ޳༧жɲ޳Ȼ֪༧͖ܶؽе¶һ˿ҲȻˡǶ֪ǰЩ˵
ǿӦԷʶ̽޳ʱһԷʮ۷֣ʮ۷֡


1881 벶
˵ССܶؽ磬ڴǧ磬ҲǿµʱǻԱһ˻ãʥɽʺãʾ¡
ţ¡ûУ
ֻ˻˵ãȥڤ̽ѣǰ
ߣ󵨶ѵ𣿡
ֻȺ˶ʱһңһͻȻȵãۻǲʵѿԽֻϴˡ»˼嶯
˵꣬һƬ
棬˵ۻʵôԴų򣬹ؽڵȥɡ
棬㲻ãɱ˳ļһ
ɱɱ

༧ɫˣȫǰЩ˵ĵϸ޳ȻĿ⿴һʶע޳ڣʱϢѸӿڴʱ޳ԺҲγһʶǰȺ˶ǰʳһйأǴеۻʴߣץ߹ѺããܾĥϣЩȴ籦ߡ
ǰսۻʴ˱Щ漴ʧˡ
û뵽ҹﾹȻǰЩߡ
Ϣȫس޳Ժ޳һǰȻǰߣ˵ÿһ˵ʵǶĴڡЩͻȻҲʹ޳漴ʶһõԤСѵЩǿҪıҡ뵽һǿʵ޳
ڴʱȺԾǿѾֹղ˵档ȻԸ֮ģǿߴ߶һɽѹȥ
˲ŭһԱһʶ˳ȥ֪ѲڣԱ׼ҷ𣬵ʶȴ˳ȥ
޳һ༧ˣĵ˻ȥЩǿ߸Ƕڣ´ȥǷ֡༧͖Ҳоš˻ȥʱЩǿ߻ϣȻûע⵽ǡ
һֱ˻صǸ˷һ
޳ʳҪһˡ˵ͬʱҲΪ޵ģΪһҷ¾һѣʱѱ޲ǣȥ
༧ü˵֣Щʧ˰꣬ΪʲôʱͻȻ¶棬Ϊʲô
˵ͬʱ޳Ҳڽŵش߶ʶ̽ǰȻ̧ͷ˵Щǿʵ۷壬µۻһεֵסˡ
ţۻµʵҲǿǸīڷ磬Ǻġ༧˵
ͻȻеŵʵۻʺѾսλ᲻ǣޣΪ޳˵ͬʱͻȻӦһ˿ǿҵĲֲֻܸܵ
ţѵڴ޵⣿ɫԽԽ԰ˡ죬Ȼʱ̹޵İΣѾ޵⣬ܶؽ޿һɿµʱԺͻȻһϢ޳Ͽ뿪
Ϣشݵ˴Ȼ˿޷ܣ¶һЦȻһɫ͵Ϯȥ޳վĺܽ޳û뵽ο޳ޣǵ˲޳ϣ޳ӿ³һѪ˹ȥʱεҲԶȥ༧ϹҪ׷ȴ޳£ֻȥȥ
ֻ޳Ѫ˹ȥ༧ŵɫ԰ˡæһע޳ڣҿղŖ͵Ϯʱûʩչ׵֮⣬ֻͨǖдʶûԵ׵֮⹥ʱ޳ֻѾˡ
༧޳Ȼһˮ¡õ޳ϡ
༧ûˣġ
޳˵༧һ죬æߵŤͷȥ
༧Ϊʲôṥңʱ޳ͬ׹˿޷ľٶ༧ҲһãȻղ̫ͻȻˣӦҲ벻ΪǺ޳ԼԸΪ޳޵ģѵͷ
޳ҡͷ˵ȥɡ༧ǸöˡȻ֪ϤѾҪԵۻʲ޳ʱҪȥҲ˲ùЩ༧ޣȻҲ˵Ψһںֻ޳ˡ
Ŀʼ·ЩѾȥˣ޳нΪ˲֦רƧ˴ߡ
һ֮ȻһϷˣ޳һۣĿӣֻĿɢǿϣȻһλǿߡ޳һһãȹȥֻϷȴǰֻǸںҡͷԣ˵
༧̬죬Ȼȵˣ·Ϊβǰߣȴʲô
Ϸҡҡͷ˵úãҸ߱ǣŮ޶Īס˵ҡͷ˹ȥ
޳༧оɣСһӰż·
༧˵޳˺֣ƺǹǣĪкͼ
ʱ޳ϴǾʯȻҴ⣬༧һ£ͣЪϢ˰죬Զ˲ż·ƻʱһĽҰ⣬ֻǰ·ͣһһһһˡԱ⡣
޳༧߹ȥ˺Ȼ˵Сֵܣǰɽޣҹ䲻ͨǵȵȣ˽ҹ߰ɡ˵䣬ԱǸҲ˵Զԣλ֪ǰɽֵ޼ҪŸҹȥҹǲҹȥġ
޳һ죬༧һۣʱ༧ѾӦǰȻϢ˵ͷоǰϢܹ죬˵Ĺ졣޳༧˶£޳ȥԱץһֻӣڻϿ
տ죬Ȼ˺㣬λСֵܣּˡ漴ֻղ·ϼǸ˹һƨɾ༧޳Ա¡ʵڵ⣬
ιͷôôûòкҲ򣬾˼ҵĶ༧Ҳ̲ס˵˳Եͣһ̾һ߿ڳݲغ˵⣬С޶£⣬ǮС
༧޳һۣ޳ȴû˼˵༧԰ɣȥץһֻ༧һۣŲˡ
ڴʱ޳ȴڽ˼ղ͵͵ʶԱߵһһپȻ򼶱֡شĽҰ⣬һһ˳ʵɣ򼶱ôẦ޶ǰߣĪǳԼģ뵽޳һݣ̧ͷȥֻǸϳЦ
ã޳һ漴༧˸ʾ༧׹ˣ߶ȫضŶԷ


1882 ۻ
ʱֻǸϳ˺ȻһȻһɫعֽ˹
Сӣ콻ʯͳ쾧ʯǲſЦȻԾ޳ͷ¡಻ߣ£ֻ޳ͷĿռȫŤΣȻѹ
֡
ʱǰɫ˲Ͱס޳༧ɫȻ幥򣬶ͷҲ޷ܵѹ༧ĺɫ̽ûг֡ͱо޴ѹ޷߶ȥȴţ뺣ʱӰˡ
ֻһգ༧Σˣ༧ʵȻʱٵͻȻϮ˵޳ʱҲ
ߺߣСӣƾ뵲סƶʥ棬ֱ롣
ƶʥ༧жʱȻ
ʥǰͳǿߣڲѾѺããʵѾǺͱɽǿߡ֣϶޷ѡ
һҵȻȥײɫУɫƺӦǿ漴ˡʱǻƺȻ˴ϴѹȻɢ༧ֻһᣬɫ̽ȻѸٴȥ
棬ԭ㡣һŭȣǸղ͵Ϯ޳༧һһ漴˻ȥǰվЦеϷˣﻹŰȣζؿš
Υּ⣬֮ƻֵ£ҪͶۻˡƶʥеϴʥ˵
ϷƵؽĹͷˣһ˵ƣ׻λֵܣ˵Ƕһˡôȥˣۻûɱ壬ǻ䡣ݳԹýˡΪִԲһĸűأ
ʱ޳༧оǰϷ˾ȻĶ棬Ϊڸ֣ǻԵǿڡ治Ϻѱ䣬ŭѡ
ʱǰĶɫ¶΢ЦһͰˡƶʥ֪ʵֲû뵽֣ʱ־ŭ
ֻҪڻͷɱСӶ¾ʯҶȻǰԣʥ԰˵˿жǾֲѣǿǰظԼһɱ޳¾ʯ벻Ȼˡƶ֪ƾʵ۷Ķ֣ɫ԰ס
ҡҡͷ˵ƣ׻ǻȰɣۻ֪Ϥǵı׼ʱͷü
ʱ׻ȻһŭȻ档һͷҲһźȻŶͷѹ
ֻ泤̾˿ȻֻΧһԲεĽ⣬Ȼƶ档ƶȻһƴѳȴ޷ҽУһҷˡ
Ұͬһ㣬һ˿ƺϢˡ
ղŻԴƶ˲ҷˣ濴ʧĵطƺһ˿̣̾꣬ŽΪִԲϧ
ʱ޳༧æݼ棬΢Цſǣʱ޳Ȼţ֪һеԭ
޳ǲ֣֪һô£
Զʻ޳˵ͷ˵޶ۣǰָ㡣
޳ʵһжӦõۻ㽲̧ͷʶķ˵ðɣ˴ʱһж֪ˡ޳ȥܶؽĵһۻʾ֪ˡ
ʱۻҲ֪Ѿıٶң֮նɱܶؽǿߣЩѾˣԵۻûֹ㡣õ쾧ʯ;ʯ󣬵ۻ֪ЩѾҲڱ죬һֱûй㡣
ɽңʨѧٵɽׯ
޳̲סʵǼѵû
ǺЦˣ˵沢ûôҲΪɼѾΪˣۻʵʵǰ¶ж
޳ʱвŽ׹ˣԭ͵ۻܶؽ֧ڣЩѾųٳټɵóȻжۻʷֿ޳ЩѾˣڰйעš棬ɽ٣ԯ棬Ѿˣ޳ɽһ
ʱЩѾˣۻʵǲգ޳Ѿټ֣׼ҡ
Ȼ޳һʱ𺳣Լһǰ棬ȴ˱Ѿѹɱôˣ˳쾧ʯ;ʯۻʼûжһڵۻС
ǰѾ
΢΢Ŀǿʶɨȥ۷ʵʶְܶؽ硣һ΢Ц˵Ѿڹʶۻ׼ǵķɶͶͶ
ǰвⳡ𣿡༧ʵΪޣ˿Ȼ޵
ţƺԻ󣬲ƺѾǱߵģҲӦĿ»ûнҡ
Ŷ༧һûнҡǾ϶Ҳ롣ȻѾļ硣ǱϾһ˿
ʱеŽ⿪΢Ц޳ǰǹѺĵطʹȥɡҲȥۻˡ漴¶һЦݣڿһжʱһƺԳһͨһ̧žȥ漴ʧˡ
Ρ޳ȥɡ༧˵
޳ͷܶؽھһңѾǵۻʶû˼Ըˣ˵ǰûʲôΣˡͿ԰ˡ
޳༧һɣҪǰȥȻһ
޳༧˻¾ʯһС
༧޳ȻعͷؿǺվźڷòӡ
ڷ棬㲻ڻʶۻƽңô޳Ȼʵ
ڷٺһЦ˵޳ڻʶȷҳһţǶǵۻʸòĵ¡ҿɲԸΪʶ㣬㻹ǹԹԽʯͻڵɣʡǶ֡
༧γ̽ؿźڷ˵ڷ棬ΪۻȴڵۻΣ뿪治֪ɳܣȻҪʯͻڵȥɡ༧һ䣬ɫ̽һȻûٿڣ˿У
һĨɱ༧޳𣬶Ժڷ޳֮ͽ˲䶼ɱġ
޳ƾǹԹ־ܰɡ֣֡Ϳλˡ
ڷЦУò죬ªӰȻ
Сӣ׼ɡǱֵȻЦ


1883 ȡʤ
ֵڿջ۵˳ü죬ԴܴӰСһͰ͵˵ʱȴһ⣬һѪԱߵ˸ǹ죬ͷһֱֱۣϥؿ޳༧
ڷΪ˽ƻȴʼն޳еľʯΪ֪ԼʵӰĹ˳һĻһааһĸ֣ڷƻȡ޳ľʯ
֣ϻʲô춯֡ڷݺݵغȵ
ĻٺһЦ˫Ȼһ꣬Ȼһķɳ޳ǵͨ죬ź⣬һȻҧȥ޳Դ߶γһŻӭ˹ȥˮԪ֮޳ɽڻԵɺѧʨĹ֮ںȻˮԪ֮ΪȴԪصԪ֮ΧĽľԪ֮ɴԪ֮֮𣬶Ԫǳۺ֮
ǵӾסȻһʢ˲佫û֮ͻȻ˱ڲȻűһ˵޳ڴʱ༧ƺһ˰գɫ̽ƶ£дſռ޴ȥ
ڱȻһʢû֮ʣĻ漴оһɱĺԼȫϮΧʱӿһɫâסȫĻаŹޱȣⷢĺֻҪˣ˲ʴȥ֮ȫΪѪˮ޳ҲϮ˲䣬ԣŷû뵽ǻȻܽ˱ӣȻ޳ҧȥ
ڴʱ༧Ķ̽źҲۿ̵ĻϣĻΧǲȻȻ̽죬Ȼڶ̽ǰס༧༧˲ã⻹༧߶ס壬ȫˡ༧˲̽طӳٵǹԼĺγƬ漴˳ȥ
ʱ޳߶һᾧȥһ༧ΣһȻһɫȥֹڷͰû׷ɱ༧༧Ծʮ⣬߶Լˣг˾
ʱĻһжȴѾռϷ磬ɺԽԽʢܿռӡڷʱݺݵһƣͬʱ˹ȥ׼ûֱɱ޳
༧ĺɫ̽˲Χûٿڶ̽Ȼѹȥͼֹǡ༧Ķ̽͵ķɽȺǿǺڷͰʱסˣڷȻ֣һźɫŰȥס˷ɽڴʱ޳Χǲᾧһ˺Ѫڶݺݵҧȥ
ʱ޳Ͼ룬һԴԴϣʩչϻ֮Ȼ˹ȥɫڻͷϣŻ˲䱬ѣ޳ؿһѪǻѪȴϻ֮ɱ顣漴һҺȻ˻ȥʵ򼶱ĻҪ޳ߣ޳ɽʨľѧѾȻɣΧΪһ壬ÿһʱȻ̤ʵʵѾ൱ڳ۷ˡ
ǻڱ٣ĻһۣȻһΧĺѸĵĻϾ£һǷйȥգ۹򣬾Ļγһ޴ĺɫצȻ޳˹ȥĻȻܻһҲҪˣȫڻϣ޴ʹҰڲ
ڴʱ༧ķɽס˺ڷͰĻǾ޳ʵ޼ȴȫڴʱ޳˲ʹ˿УȻڻϡ
ŭţͷҧȥȵ˲Ϳ޳ȫ죬ʱɫҲ˲ܽ˻Ȼ򸹲ڹȥĻе׹֮˾֣޷ϻ֮Ȼӻܳסʱ˲ԼˡԱϻ֮ͽɱûҷˡ
ڴʱڷ淢źƾסеķɽɽ˲ˡ༧ʹغһӴܣڷҪ׷ɱȥȻĹâȥˡΪϻ֮סĻڷĿϻ֮˲ķɱûҷ
Сӡ㣬㾹ȻɱĻ϶ʱһƬ԰סʵĻ£˿ûϵĻôͱɱˡǵļڼȷŭ;ֳ鴤ţڷϵļҲڳ鴤ڷ治ɵϣ޳ʵ֮֮ǰǿ˲ֹһ㣬С̫аˣôÿμĹߣֱ̫˼ˡҪ֪־缸ÿһǺѵġһǵȴζʵĴ
漴۾Ϊ޳ǰͻȻðһȻԼͺڷ˹ڴʱڷһһź޳ȥͷֱͻȻһ죬쳤࣬޳ץȥ׸ĸַΪ˻ĸ׸ͷĹֱۣһۡĸ׵ֻΪͬ飬ЩǮ򲻻뵽ֻѾΪ˶ӵɱﵡ
ǳģٸ֣ȫȴܹע棬γһصűСش˺ѿռȥ޴ʹΧռ伫ŤΡŴݻһеƹ޳š
ʱڷ淢źưסӣˡرŶ޳޷ܣʱһ۶˵ɵΣȻϻ֮ȥɫ˲סۣۺˣȻһӣ޳Ӳⱻ˳ȥ༧ȣɫ̽Ŵ
ʱ˸գɫ̽Ȼ˹ӿһᾧ̽̽˲룬ֻڶɵķᾧѸɢ͸Ǹϻȫղ޳ϻֵ֮סǣķȴܱᾧڽڱƿʱæձȥȡʱ޳ȻһǿԪ֮۰ȥ̣Ԫ֮ѸΧĽһԪ֮סʱеһӿ۾Ȼ޳ȥ
ʱΣʱ۱޳Ԫ֮ס˲˾޴ΣڷۼβȣѾˣ༧ĺɫ̽Ȼ͸ڡɫ̽˲ͰѰɱĭһɫȻ޳༧˼æԱڷͣ٣ƲѾԶݶȥˡ
ϣŰۣǺڰ֯ɣ鲻ˡ


1884 ¶ļ
ĻͰǰҲպգ벻ȴ޳£ʱ༧޳ѾĴˡһ·༧ۿ޳նɱǿߣÿζޱȣ޳ʵһαһǿʵսĥߣ޳ʵʶѾ˾޴仯˿ʵȻ۷״̬ˡڣնɱڵĸ֣ɼ̶ȡ
༧߰ɣһпˡ޳ŵϲĵϢ˵ȻѾϰÿԼǰҷ𣬻ǲһ˿п
ǰѾȥؽڵĵطֻҪͿ˽Сһˡ
޳ȥѰҖ𣿡ƺǸܵ޳ип༧ͻȻʵ
޳Ȼһ£ЩСʶ׵ˣ棬ͷçȻזΪʲôͻȻϮȴŖһ˺Ťͷ༧༧˿̳عС
༧߰ɡȻ޳һ༧˵˿̸룬̲ݻ
ҰůȴβסϵĿ
ӰƻѸǰжȥ˿ңԶĻʶһսڽУ޳༧·ܸܵǧɱĲҳ档
༧˵ѾܲܵóѣУ޳̲סʵһУ༧Ȼ˽öࡣ޳֮ǰֻƽƺûսɱ¾ʱֻԼĴ
༧΢΢ͣһ£ƺڸӦԶս˵޳ۻʵʵԶԶǿһô򵥣һǵۻӮȷ֮ǰеһк޳֪ۻʵĿ£ƺܶؽ綼֮УڰϴڡȻһ˿ӿʶսۻһڳ᲻ж
֮ǰۻһֱڰ޳һѾ˳һӰڰ֪һʲô༧漴Ҳ˵ǡ漴Լͬ뵽Ҫŵۻܣȳҹζࡣ漴Ӱǰȥ
ʱ󣬶Ӱһ޴ϿͣҰĵأֻˣʱѾǻƻ裬Ϧϣӳĳһɫ
ǰϿؽ˳ֵĵطǱѺܶ档
ĹԼȵطҵĹ⣬ĴϿȡԼϿ洫һ޵˻Ͽޱ档
༧Ȼ˵޳ҸӦƺ֪ܿ꣬Ƿʲô£ȥ»⵽޹
š޳漴ųһʶϿ̽ȥʵʱʶҲԼϿƺ΢΢Ĳǿռڲȴûвǽ˵Ϣ
֣̽鲻Ǹˣѵ뿪ˡ޳Ȼ˵Ǹʵǿ󣬺Ѻ׽͸˷һղһϿ棬޳ͽѰ˵ټȴ޷֡
˶֪ٵľ޴գ༧ȡĸˮԱ㣬˵޳Ҹо궯е֣ǻǵһȣ˽ҹȥɡ༧ޣ޵ĸӦȻҪ޳ǿң༧˵޳ͬˡ˳Թ󣬱ڸһش£ʼĿ
֮ǰһ·ĥ޳֮ϻ֮˾޴ĿţǶ˳ӵӿѸȫӿȥ
޳£ؼ·ܵһԴԴϵ޳ӿɽң޳ӶϿǼͼѧͼеʵһŶɺ֮ͨʹ˺̶ںΪһȡؼǿ󣬷Ĺ֮Ȼǿ޳֮ϻ֮ų⣬໥޳˵ǣǧ겻ĻԵֻ˿̻ס
ʱܵ޳ӿ༧Ȼؿšֹô޳ʵǲˡ˰죬޳۾༧еؿԼղʱ༧ĬĬغš
༧ȥϢɣҡ޳еǸε˵
ߣСӣת͵ҡ༧һϾȻһĨΡΪޣ༧ѾԼŮˣ޳ǰȴŮ˵ıԡ
༧һŤͷ޳һѸٵػõձûʱܣʱżζ˼ˡ
޳ֻתһ༧·˵޳ϵҲûˡ޳ϵҲѾûûɢŵζ
Ů˾Ů˰ޱȵĳ£Ȼ뵽ЩС£޳ҡҡͷ˻ϸɾ·ѾˣһƬš༧üӦϿ޵Ķһ˵޻ڿ겻Уҹ޷ȥˡѾˣټ޿겻ʱ϶óȻȥȻ޳ʱѾļ٣ȴҲ޿κΡϾϿϤҹֻҹˡ
༧Ū˳ͷϵĳѾˣչʰ쵼Ǻÿ༧ﻺһһ̬ܰ˿ûдսǰľšһ̣һŮˣչŮһ档ʱ޳Ҳ̲סȥ
ߣСӣѽѵҪܵ޳Ŀ⣬༧ɫˣһ˵ϿȵԱߣһҹҰϵಹ̹ǣҪǲ»ᶳ޳ЦЦ˳ȥԱԶһƬ֣޳˹ȥ˺֦ܶڶ˻𡣻һȼգʱһůĸоӿɽС˶˴˵޳˵ʲôȴ֪˵ʲô
޳ǽ˾ʲô༧˳Ĭ
޳Ȼͷһ𣬽Ҳ֪ҲһŶҪȵȥˡӳ˸ŲĹ⣬·Ԥʾ콫ǲѰһ졣
һҹȥ޳༧Ѿ߳⣬Ͽȷ
޳߹ȥ༧Ͽʲô仯
༧˵޳ҲЩ޻һܿ꣬ô죿Ͽ޳һѾӴˣ󲿷ֶȽºֻͣҪŭǣҲˡǣڿ겻УǾ˵ˡѾһҹˣѵҪȥ
޳Ŀ漴ת򶫱߷ǻʶķȻңԶȴȻܸӦռӦսڽУһսۻʺܾܿͻ£ֶ룬սǰ档뵽޳Ȼһ𣬺ԥ˵༧ȥɡ
༧ص˵ͷƺ֮У˵áھȥ


1885 
峿һϿ棬ϿȾĵأž޴ı仯ҰںУϿվһһޣҲûһ˿
޳༧վϿȶ濴ȥϿɲ⣬濴ȥֻһʲôҲ壬Լ洫޿ĺ
߰ɡ޳һ˵һӰȻ·Ͽȥ༧Ҳ漴ԥظԾȥ߷Ͽ޵ĺȻ·ڿ𣬴ʱ޳ǰ棬ӿȫ䱸·ɱ߹۲Χ
һ޳󷽵±¶һ޴ʯ̨ӥչһڿСʯ̨Ǵ±ȥһʯ˹һպһŵ㡣
޳Ȼһ壬䵽ʯ̨棬˲зһ༧˹༧ʯ̨ϣŵʯ̨ΧȥĿܿһвһµʯ̨ʮɣϿ棬¿ȥȻһд޿ĺȴղ治֪˶ٱȻǾϿԽԽˡ
΢˶ģ޳༧ͬʱϿ·ȥϳ˺޵ĺԽԽУηƣжǰ
һ·ұԳһʯ̨޳ǰ༧棬ϸ鿴ȥʯ̨Ҳǿտʱо˻ڸǰˡ
СӣҸоƺڵȴʲôʱ༧ѾظӦϿ޵Ϣŵ˵ղŸӦǹɾ޴Ҳս
޳һѾʹΣҲҪһȻһ༧ͬʱԾȥ
һΣʯֱ̨ɵϿȵʱų֡ʱѾϿֻˣһۿȥ޳༧ʱһ󾪺Ͽ˿ҵسϿ˻ƺʱȥǿȺʱ޳༧סо壬ʯ̨¡
һ½Ųŷʯ̨һһſϿȵףǧۼһ˻УŭϿշ༧žɫ԰ף˵ãСӣЩǸӦϵľʯ޳ʱһֻ˵ʯܾȴûиʯȻϿ޵궯
˴ѾķһЩæʯ̨»ָһܿȥȫȷ磬ͷϿѾ֣ʲôҲˡ˿̣֮ͬУ޵ĺʱоϿȶҪһ㡣˶ŵľʱ˲ʶ޳ϵľʯ޿꣬ʱųһ亹
ʱϿƺӦ޳༧ҵͷ޴ʹڵʯ̨ƺڲã޳༧жһݣʯ̨ȻΪֹô϶ľֿԷȥиܷȥζеǿҲпܷ
һЩǧʵǿ£༧ȻȴΡϿǿ߷ǣ϶ʱ޳༧ž޴Σա
ʱѾǶ룬ֻϿ˻ƺҪ༧ŵ˵Сӣˡû޳˵ȻϿһӰݺݵ޳༧
ϡ༧һȣɫ̽ѸٳȻȥϴеѹǴǿ˲ӷҵֿת˻ȥ
ʱ޳༧ͷϷĻҰϣȻһɫĻƽͷɫͷ­תϿ̽顣ȻƽӦϿϤϢʱ¶ϲɫ˿ǻƽļݳһϢǸࡣ
ƽ۾һ漴һشϿȡ
˿Ͽ޸ӦѹȻȥˡЩ޲ͬ࣬ǳη༧ɢѹϢɢȥȻϿ޶ʱֹͣϷȥ
༧ɢѹϢֻеģޡ߱ͳϿ޵ѹϿһƽȻ༧ѹܹѹǣʱֻǴηֻڹȵȴҷ
ʱ޳༧ٵǰδУޣ˵ˣһֻӷȥҲ˲䱻һա޳ɫأŵ˼š
ȻͷϿϿգһֺ漴һƹȻԾȥ
Ͽһŭ޳༧̧ͷȥʱֻϿϿճһ޴Ļƽçش
ͷç
ͷ
޳༧ͬʱУֱԼ۾Ȼͷçˡƽ˲ʯ̨棬޴һŤס޳˶Ľɫͷ­תǵ޳΢΢⡣ͷç޳ϲʱͷçĳ̫ʱˡ
޳༧ظͷç壬гʡ˿ȴ˲ȥʡ
޳оˣͷçȥ༧漴˵
޳סļͷçٶȣϿİ޸þˡ˺ԥȥͷç¶飬ɫͷ­ȻһȻ޳༧Ͽȥ
ͷç·ʱ޳漴߶ʶ·Ѱȥ༧ĺɫ̽Ҳû߰ٶڣϿлס༧ʱɫ̽û߰ٿڷɽѾǾȫͷٶȿ磬˲ʹȥϿȵף޸Ӧͷçʹˡ
ʱ޳ſϿΣϿȵײһֱ쵽档ʱͷç롣ǰһѺ˦˱
޳ȵȡ༧ͻȻ
޳ͷçͷç漴Ťͷ༧˵༧ôڴʱ޳ŸӦһǿϢɢǾʯУǿϹʯȻطڹԣ·ҫұϡ
Щұϣӳһƴİۣ޳˼ᰴȥұϢسһ϶¡¡졣޳༧ȵؿţֻǵ϶ԽԽɽ¶һ

޳һ⹬ϴѹķħ
Ͽ棬޳༧ǷӿĵطѾϿȾͷˣҲûп֮·༧˲԰ףͷçҲתͷ­޳ŲæߵұԱϸ鿴һأǵ϶¡¡ºǾʯӦ˻أ˭Ҳ벻澹Ȼһ


1886 ֮
ʱǴɽУԼ˻ǰ˻ƸɽҲ𺳡޳ʶȥʶȥһ˿쳣Ϣ
޳㷢Ϣˣ༧һֱڹ۲޳ϵı飬ʵ
޳ȷѾӦϢǹӴϢɢ·ΧռﵴüͷѰǹɚϢԴͷçӽ빬Եúܾ壬ڵϲסתͷ­ŵؿܣǸܵĳֲѰϢ
޳ǰĹǰһƬڳֺͬڰһֺҹ㡣ޱȻȴԼܸܵڰϢ
޳ӦϢʱнʱľʯͻȻٴηڹԣ﷢ǰĺڰ
ǰĺڰУͻȻȥ󣬺ȻȻʣ¶һԲιǵԲιγһ޴Բι֡˿ԲιһĹޡ޳֮ǰѾ˵Ϲ֮һ绽꣬ǰ죬Ǻҹ˿ֻڴ˵веĹȴǰĹ
༧ͷصͷڷޣϹӴǰȻսľʱڹ˯ţ·Ѿ˯ꡣɢĹ϶ǿϢΧɢȥ
ذڵޣ޳ԼҲˡ
ʱ޳еľʯȻˣͬһ߶ȻȥǰԲιĶ˷ȥǿʹ޳޷ֹֻžʯɵԲιĶˡ漴һɺƴԲι˷ܵȻӿȥǺƴȴ׵˲Χпռ䣬ڴʱԭηڵϵͷçͻȻ
ʱ˶֪ͷçڷžұ仯·һٻȻֳ︡һЩֵĻ桭ЩĻϣһӲӵɽȣһصĴߵˣԺ漴һϢȥԲι塣
ͷç֮ǰͻȻ뿪޳ܵﴫݵϢָ뿪޳ȥշԸһ£ֳϿ潫޳һƺʹ˿̣ʶԼʹɡͷçȻתɫͷ­޳𣬿ϧʱ޳޷˼Ȼؿš
ʱ޳༧ȵؿͷçͻȻΪһ⣬ȻشܽԲι档ţֻԲι۾˲
һİ׹ȻϷɽڶʱˡ
۾ˡ
޳༧ȫһĻĻ仯ˣ˼ʱֻϵİ׹ԽԽʢܿڶĿİ׹֣׹ҲѸٱ仯޴һһʧڰ׹УȻϿһ˿ʹ࣬ȴ˲ȫʧ˰׹С
޳һ翵ͻȻ޳𣬰һǵ·ߣȴƺңԶߡ޴׽вη塣
޳ŵĴŤͷѰңʱ༧ı飬㵵ʵ޳ô
༧ղһڽ𣿡޳˵
༧ҡҡͷĿ⿴ǰĿУ׹ԽԽǿң˲ò۾Բιڰ׹ҲѸٵʧˡղԲι˾ʯͻȻ˸һ£漴ҲϢʧˡǰֻһյعղŵһоͻȻȫʧˡ
޳ŵ˵༧ô£ôˣǿģûŪ﷢һУʧˡ
޳ɻѰʱղǵ翵ͻȻ
޳㲻ˣҾǰһ﷢һаɡǵ˵ҾǸղſ￴ֻҵĻûҵı岢
ǰ⵽ô°޳ҪˣѾˣһ̫ˡ޳ȫ׷ʲô¡
޳˵ΪϹһѣҵûֱѹСУ޷ʩչѾ˷ȵֻܶؽҵһûȻȴ޷ʩչֻܽ׹֡
ͷұ֮ĵһع˱壬Ҫллõʯ
оˣһ˿ʱ޳оѣͷ;ʯԼһоȻΪ˾һ漴еһȻǺεǿܽڵͬʱѹС磬Ȼֻ򼶱޳޷ġеµǣԼһƺǱһεƶ
ǰ
޳е༧ؿһۡ༧ղŲû˵ɻؿܡ
Σһ󰲾ղЩĿİ׹⽥ȥ޳ʶΧ̽飬ҵλãлкܶţҪ
ʶ̽ȥȴӰʱǵ
޳㲻ˣҾΧȻȻϿȡҪ˶ãǸ˾ͻ
ˡ޳Ȼһʵǰǽ˭
еƺ̾Ϣһ˵޳ǸҲ֪ƺ֪ҵİ취ѹҡǸ˵ʵǿ˲˼ĵزȻ֪޳ʱеһ󾪺ⱳ֪Ŷô޴ı
Ȼ΢һ˵޳Ǹˡ޳һ֮ǰЖͻȻ͵ϮԼ֪ȥ򣬴ʱжʱһ㵡
ʱȻϿ޷һ޴˻漴ڵλӿڴʱ༧ҲӦ޶ŵ˵ãСӣΧˡ޳һʶȥ̽鵽һϤϢǖǸӦ˖ƺǿ˺ܶࡣ
༧ҧ촽źɫ̽˵СӣҪˣȻޣȴǵˡɱԻ󡣡˵ûҪ޳ʱһãȻȻ͖ദʱ䲻ԼޣѵԼҪɱ
룬Ȼɽڿһ϶Ʈ˽ϿϷڵϣηһҲҶԭϿȰ޵
㡭
޳Ȼס˺ĻΪһ˲ϺԼǵԼϵʧˡҲ˵Ѿˡ޺ඩԼܵԼΥҪܵͷһඩԼͻĹᱳѡεǿ޳벻ȻȡԼԼֻʵ


1887 
Ͽ޹ϷڵϣҲҶȻʹϿȶƺڲɽеĹȴŹϚϢ˿ܲ޵ѹʹ޷ʹȻѹΧĿռ
㾹ΥԼΪһ޹ˣѵ⵽ͷ𣿡޳㵵ʵȫһ⡣༧⣬ɫ̽ӦڵɱȻƺʱҪˡ
ޱɨ޳ϣ˵޳ȷҺ㶩ԼֻҪԼԶȡ𣿡
޳һЦ
ԭӦҵ޶ƭңȴҪҵΪʲô
Ϊǽ˵ŮеȻ˵
˵Ů޳ʱˡҲû뵽ģȻǽ˵ŮһзĶǸйءã޳˵ǽŮһڣ༧Ҳˡ
޳˵ʲôǽ˵Ů༧㵵ػͷ޳ʵ
ʱҲһЦ޳ǽ˭Ҳӳȥİ޿ڵš
⵽ô°޳ȫɻУ˵ŮΪʲôҪԼԼƺǸӦ޳ɻ󣬿е˵Сһʲô벻ͨģǷ˽˵һ·ġ㶩Լܽӽֲɵһֶΰɡ
ǣѾԼ⵽ͷ޳˵ղŲѾ˵ԼȻȡˡСһģΪں㻹Լṥ㣬޹˵Լ޳ʶһ漴ȴֽԼ϶ȥɱ༧༧Σˡ
غһ˵޳֪ѾȳӳϿȿ¾ûôˡ
뵽İޣ޳༧жʱѾ¶ɱɱƺܵ˸Ӧ
ʱ겻غ
һӰ˲ɽڷ϶˳ȥǿɱ洫˳Ͽаһ߳Ėͷ⡣漴ؿ޳ڵɽڡ
У޳༧ʶһҧݣаƴһ׼ǰޣ޳ʶɨӦвʵǿޣһӴǰȫǵֵסΪȳǶԿˣڲ֪ȳһȫû˿ޱȵϿͬϵһҶСۣʱ㸲
޳ͷ༧һ·༧ȻǶ壬ȴеظеĹػ֮Ŀӣܵ˶ԷŨŨĹػ
ߡСӣҸʲô취ôӳȥ༧һƺеΪ顣Ťͷȥ
޳¶һĨЦݣȻ֪ʱǰδУ֪Ϊȴһ˿ů⡣
ϿУ޿겻ĺΧڶڣȴûмŽǻڵ֪޳ʵǿ󡣵޳иӵסڣǸҳȥһˮľʱһ϶ᱻ˵뾡뿪Ͽȡ뵽޳̲סؽеǰǰ
һǵ϶ңԶСһ
ǰס˳ڣôӳϿȣ޳ʵ
׹УüСһЩ޶ꡣÿһʵֲܿʹҵҲȥǣ˸޷ֿǻסڣ޽취ɡ
޳һգ벻취ûа취ˡʱȻ༧һС
Ͽ޶ˣʮʵǿ༧Ŷڱƽ༧ҲޣȫܸӦ޵Ķ漴޳͸ӦһǿˡϿǧɣ˸޷룬Ҳ޷뿪Щ޲֪꣬ȻĴڡ
ڵĻظղѾ뿪ʱƻ¶һ϶ʱЩޱƽ׷ŶڹȥѶƿú޽롣һ͵ȻشǧϣɽȻǵٰҲţǿ޳༧Ųѡһ󣬺ǧ޾ͻӼ룬ͬ׺ƾ˸޷
Сӣסǽ༧е漴ӷ˹ȥɫ̽ŷ϶ȥ޳Ҳ˼طһǿӿȥڷ϶γһᾧʱֻоֵ޹Ͽ棬˻Щޱﲻ֪ж꣬ҲǷޱȣʱѪӥᵽɡ
Ƿ϶С޳༧һ赲޶ʱܵ谭ڶ˰죬޽չ֪˶á޺Ȼֹͣ˽ͣ༧Ӧɻ˵֣Щȫ˵˰⣬ڵȺʲôš޳һʶ̽ȥҲ쳣ϿطڵĿ¶ηĹ⣬һ
༧Щôˣ޳Ȼʵѵղ޷ֽˡиɻѣʱ⵹˿༧Ӱȡˮ˲ϿȺȻˡ֮ǰ޹ڽ״̬ûע⣬˿޳ŷ֡޳༧ϸ鿴֮£΢΢ԾΪƾǵĸӦϿȫһҹϢ
֣Ͽǧ˵й߱仯Ӧһɲ䣬ôоǺҹˣ༧̲ס˵
˴ӽϿһֱ񾭱ڽ֮УûעЩϸںΧı仯ʱʱ֮޳༧
༧峿ϿȵģΣӦˡ֣ôĵôй䣿
ţе֡༧ͷ
ѵϿ⻹һ·Ĺ޳Ȼͷʱ˷ڱҪԭ·أҪЩʯ̨ӣƱػᱻǰΧ²ȳȥͻ֮ڣ·һϿ⻹гڣϣ
༧Ҳһ£޳˵Ͽ⻹гڣ
޳ͷβסĵļиӿ϶Լ룬ΪǧϿԲй롣


1888 İ
ʱϿ澹Ȼ˰ͺҹĽ棬϶Ͽﻹһڣ߾Ǵڴġʱһǿӿ޳༧Уھһ˿ϣ˲ȼǿҵ
޾֮·༧оˡ޳˷ܵ˵
Сһ̫ˡʱ޳ߺȻ
Ͽȷһͨ·˭Ҳ֪Ǹؽ˶Ѱңϧûҵ
ʲô˶Ҳڣ޳ʱͬһˮ˲ˡһ˿ϣȻֱˡǽ˵ʵεǿҲһڣ޳ǿ϶Ҳ޷ҵʱ޳иȼһ˿ʱˡ
Ϊ˰ο޳˵СһϿȵӦϹʱǿߣҲʲô£ϿЩޣһֱҲ·ǸҲѰһڣҲûҵ
޳һգȻһ˿ϣȴоôңԶʱϿѾˡϿİȫϷڶ⣬ȴһ޷붴﹥޳޳༧ԮĶУ޳༧ֻ°˰¾ͻľ޳༧ӲˣЩҲˡ
һ޳༧ˡѵҪڶ
ӽҹǲˣ޳༧䣬һȥϢڶ˵ͬҪ༧ȥϢˣ޳ڶڣز쿴ܵĶϿķ紩ʯȻ޳ϵѾƲֻҧ֧š
һƬţЩ׹⡣
ǰǰ޳
һСһô
ǰٺú룬ǻûбİ취ȥ
СһҲ룬ˡҿﱻѹ˰ˣѵΪҲżȥʵϿȵ̫˺ܶƣҸ޷ΣϹ֮һȻѹϿ꣬ı϶С޳ɲ֪ޣ˯һȻܷŭȴû޳ôǿҡ
޳аȻϿȵ˭Ȼѹסҽ֪ĿˣǸصϿ˲ǿµĴڡ
޳ұѹУҵķʹþҲ޷Σֻܶʱڰ׹УԼʹܳȥҲֻڰż֣ҹҪڰ
ʱ޳ߴ޳ɻؿΧ˸İ׹⣬ķʶ޷̽õʱ޳ɻʵǰΪڻܺ˵
ϿȶѾڰˡ͵Сһ㿴İ׹ǾʯģûоʯҴ˿޷˵ģֻںڰС
ڰ
ǺǣСһ㻹ľͻЩڰ춼ɲ֣һڰͺڰȴ
ĵ˵޳ȴͶһžʯ˼Ҫңɼģ˿ȴƺԼֻܽҪľܶģʱôңԶһ°򾳽磬޳롣
˵޳бͶµȴѸӣһҹйȥϿȻˡ
༧Ϣһҹöˣͷͳڲ֪䣬༧ѾŮϢֽˡֻһб仯༧޳ûʶ
꣬༧ʵСӣ뵽취𣿡
޳ҡҡͷѾʶѰʮΣûз쳣ҲоϿһڲѡҪôƴȥԭ·أҪôȥѰϿһ·ַޱȣȥԴС
༧޳գĬˡյһְԭ·أҪưΧЩʯ̨ӳȥɱȵ컹ѡϿȱѹǿ߲ŽģҪӳ죬طסѰһ·ζſһܲҵôްΧδ֪
ʱϿ棬Щ޾Ϸ׶ĿݺݵضŶڣ޳ֻҪһ¶˲ͻᱻ˺÷顣
ô죿ѵҪԴУ
޳Ȼ̧ͷ༧˵༧ǲԴУ취ȥҵڡ
ߣСӣҿɲȻҪѰҳ·༧һ
ʱֻ˵Сһа취һȥҸں档ǰ죬ҵķڰ׹пʱ䡣ȥЩޣǸϿȥѰһڡ
޳жʱһ󼤶µľǰޣޣлҵһˡһϲ̲ס˵ǰֻҪЩޣһҵڡ
ǺǣСһôˡǸϿ׼Ҳ׼׼ЦǺ˵ȴһ˿ϲǿ˵ѾûȻη塣еһ˿ڴʹ޳ʧˣҲ»صϸûնɱֻܱס
ʱ޳༧϶¶һĨ㣬ǶҪһˡ
Ƭ׼˶׼˵СһϿһӦòǽһߣһǱߣǾѰҡðɣ
أ޳༧ȻڱǿŶڹȥ䣬漴ǵҵҡʱİ޸ӦǿĹ֮Ȼ˻ȴûжЩޱסڣǡȴû뵽ͻȻһʱû˻ȴоٶ
ʱ޳༧ҵĹٴκȥ¡ڷ϶ѿһ󶴡ͬʱ޳༧Ӱ˳ȥ˲ϿУ޳˲һӻסȫ༧Ķ̽ȻҲûһԼ档ڴʱͬʱϿ淢һˡʱϵȻ޳༧ķ
СһȥѰҳڡһ˲͵Ͽһϡǰ죬ķڰ׹д󣬼Ӱ˲˲䣬Ȼ˹ĚϢϢϿȳڱȥãҪߣ˲Ӧ޳༧ȥתķӿȥ
޳༧Χ˲ûһˣߣ޳һ༧ϿȥʱǷΪȻڰ׹дȴܳ־á


1889 עһ
Ϲķѹܵƣ޳Ȼȳķȴֻڰ׹һܳ־á
ʱڵϣŵز쿴ǰ棬޳ֱ·ѡ񡣲漴ʶӣ޳Ͽӣ˿Ͽ·޳༧·ȥ
һж˲䷢޳༧ѾܽϿ棬ӿķӿȥʱ޳һɣŹ˵ò쿴ܵΡǰһխϿȣŵ޳ʶ̽ȥȴһ˿ҰϢϿȵĳһ޳Ȼһ
ʱ˶ʹȫУգۼʹ棬ֻǰȻûˡ赲ǰһߴ±ڡ̧ͷȥǰɽºǽһվһ±ڱҲ֮˶ʱסˡܶǶ;ڣͬа㣬˵ˣ¾һֻҲɲȥ
⣬ѵϿֻнһڣ޳ŵµأϸ鿴ܵ±ڣ쳣֮ʶ̽ȥ˿ûзӦܴ￴ﶼͨ¾ڣûлصļ󡣶Щ޷˻Ͽȱ𶯵ƺڲ޳漴ʶٵľ޴աҲһڣղǸƣǾȥҲˡ޻Ӽȥ༧Ҳ¶֮ɫ¶ģȻεʱ
޳߶Щɽڴȥ뿴ûлأôɽʼûһ˿Ӧʱӽ
༧ѵжϴˣϿȸûһڣ޳㵵ʵ
༧ü˼˵СӣǶҹ棬жӦûдϿ϶һڣֻ޷ҵȷǿϿȵҹӦò϶һڣأ
ʱ޳Ŀ⿴ͷľڣȻӷžڷȥھϣ޳ץסʯϸ̽ұϵΡֻЩұڱڴֲڣһɺصԶϢηץұϣ̧ͷȥϵһƬա漴еһϢ϶ѹǹѹʹ޳ȫһȻվסţ
ڴʱԶİͻȻ˻𣬺޴Ͽɽҡضƺ߸ˡ
һȻ𣺡СһҵûУҳŲסˡ
˿Ͽа޵Ժһɽķû޷ֻֿӴܡȴƺ֪ķܵΧס˿ûа취ҺܿƵϿһһñͽֵ޳༧ӻȻڻûҵͳŲסˣһǰӿ·ţ༧޳ֻʣ·ˡ
Ȼ޳༧˿УͼҵڡǣղѾϸ鿴ˣʱٽҲûá
ãŲסˡ޳ʶ̽飬Ӧƺסˡڰ׹ȥ٣޳򼶱𶼿ӰӡȻᱻסѵϿȻǿߣʱѾݲǶ룬ӦΣ޳ߣ˺ԥķٷȥ
ϿȲ޳༧ҲֻǺܿ͵˾ͷۻȥգ۹ͿǰӿޡֻϿ޿ŭ𣬿еϺѹѹһƬӿ˹һ׺˵ǰһ˸΢
ǰ޳Զʹžһ
Сһҵףôˡ޳ʶѰȥǴϿȿڷʱһɲ֪ڰ׹У޸޷ϿѲ¿ķϿϿһһŴĸӴܶ岻ȥʱϿ˵·طȻûΣգȴ޷Ͽȡ֮£ŭڰ׹渡ֳģӰ޷ӿ롣
ֻǱΣ޳һɣʱЩ޿޳༧ˣȻ׷˹ܣ޳һ༧ϿȥϿǾͷûг·˿ԺޣҲֻӵһʱһʱˡ
˲ǰϿȡап࣬ʱϿͼȥ
СһǿڣȻҲȲˡԶԶ
ʱ޳Ѿ˾ͷǰںǰ·ߡֻҧ༧ͷԽԽޡǳǰ޾޳ֻˣȻһɺ޳˹ΪѾ꣬޴ںȻ޳޳Χ漴ӿһѸᾧԼ༧ǰ档ǵᾧһ£漴ָֻˣ޳ʱɽѧϰʨѧںԲ޸Ҳõǽᾧϸ΢һ˿ѿ˲ͻԶϡ
裬ڴʱ߰˸еǿѾܹѸ͵ش˹Щеǿʵǿߣ޳Ӧǿ޴ƺҪϿȻ߶һӾ˹ȥʱˮԪ֮ͱԪ֮Ľϣںϣ޳ıͬһɾ޴ǿٱϿȾͷСȻȥϿȶӿˡ
ֻѸٺˣȺȻܳһͷޣŭһӭűȻײȥţ޳оһǿѹӿΧռ˲ŤǹȻ˻𣬵ϵҶɳȻ쫷磬˲޳༧ȥ
޳Сġ༧һ޳Ȼ߶Ӿ˹ȥ޴ײ䣬Ͽȶˡ޳ΧɵᾧǿɢҲסȻ˦˳ȥڴʱһȻ˹ѪܵĴںݺ޳ҧ༧Ķ̽˲裬Ӱסͷ­Ѹٽɱ˻˻пһȻ˹һɫ޳
գ֮䣬޳༧Ѿ˰ΧУʱѾӦ޳Σ˲Ǳޣ޳ߴ
ɣ޳༧Ȼŭǿŷ˲߰ٿڷɽȻ·ȥǵھһ޺Ҳ漴ϷɽȥǿȥʱǰļͷޱƵ˻ȥϿȾͷխСȻ޳༧ȴҲкôޱǧ޿ŭȴһ򵱹Ī֮ơЩȻŭ˿йͷ޹⣬ֻں濴Ÿż
޳ˡͻȻڶ


1890 
ۼ޳༧Σ˲ö룬Ӱ׹дûۼΣȴﲻһæ
ǰ޳غʱ˿ŵȻʱס޹ȴ޷ߴȺޣǱˡʱһľֻԴˡ
Сһ𼱣롣Ļ޳ѪصĵزˣһĵӡʱҲ˲ȥܣ༧ȫֵ޽غǰ취ɡ
ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽޳༧ϿȾͷû谵⵱ȻˡΪϿȾͷխ޺޳༧ȫսʱȳɳһѱխϿȾͷڸǵͬҹˡʧȥ˰ĹߣѸٵʧˡ
ǰ졣ǺҹȻĿֻһƣںڰĺڰ֮Ѹӡڰ֮Աʶǿ̽飬Ȼ䣬ӦھһǿİϢȻ仯ˣȴӲںڰҹĸӦ໥ġ
ڰ֮Ӧǿҵ֮漴ǰ·һǰľںԳһƵľ
Сһľںһֻü˵һ롣漴ںϽڰȥˣһںϽڰڲ֪޾״ֱ̬Ӧ֮ѹ
ںľ޳Ȼ˵ȴʲô˼ʼȴϢ޳ｹú޲ðܿˣΪĚϢȫʧˡӦںϽڰȥˡ
Ȼһ޽޳˵༧ղŸҾںһ
ʱ˻Ϊн֮Ʊڽֿ޽༧ûĶ̽ѾС뱻޻ٵˣȫ޳ǿı赲š
޳˵༧˵ѵںгڣ޳ԡ
޳Ҫ˵ʱȻϿﴫһ̶ĳХ漴ڽһϷڵϣ¶ηɫһƾˡ
һֱûг֣ΪϾ޳ޣԼֹ޳ͻܵͷҪ޳Ͽ޳ԼȻʧЧҲͷں޳ԼʱѾԤϵ޳ᱻϿԣֻǶڰţǾʱȻӦһϢƺڸΣաѵ޳༧ҪӳȥˣһȻ˹
һ޳༧жһ޳˵ʲôѵ㻹ΥԼ𣿡
޳ҵȻṥ㣬ҿԹ༧޵Ŀ͵ת༧Ǽ֮кܶԹûнˣֻҪɱ༧ʣ޳һ˿϶ֲΧ
༧˲һ˿ɱ֮ĳԹʱӿۼ༧ѸٴҲҪɱ˖ͬʱҵɱЩڵɢɱǰ޶ӹη壬ʵǿ󣬺಻ͬԶһ˿һѡ
༧Χӿİٶڶ̽Χͷת̽ϴŵĺڰɢɷͬһ֧֧޼᲻ݵΧҲӿһɫȻһŭŖȥ༧֪޷͖ͬھһȫǾ޴ʹǰ޾ֵȥڴʱǰһᾧסȫΧȻ׵֮༧ȥ׵編аԵĹʹܶؽǿҲɵ֣֮ǰ༧ǰ׵֮£ʱ༧ƴȫ˿ȥһȻܶ༧ڣԼҲɽ룬ܾˡ
Ȼ׵֮ѸȥڵƖռϷ磬ڲ֮أ϶༧ܾˡ漴ŭһ˹˲һš
ڴʱ޳˲ùܳ϶սٵطɵ˾ϣʶΧ̽顣Ȼ˵ںһô϶ͨ·Խȥǰľƣݵ뾡ҵӳȥ
ʱϿխڰѾȫˡ
༧ɡȻ䣬ֻŭ
ʱ׵֮Ѿѹס༧׵֮ⱾԵʵֱ༧ǿ󣬸տʼƴѹס󡣶ʱʹ·Ѫɫ԰׵˼㣬ƴĴ򷨣һ˲ˣԼɡ༧Ȼһ񱳺ϿУҧгݵغ첻߶İٶڶ̽Ŗȥİٶڶ̽ͬһŴ£ʱ༧Ѿǿ֮ĩǰӿһ쫷طȥ
һ쫷磬ǿķӿȥİٿڶ̽Ȼ༧ȥ༧ҡҡλζ㿪Щ̽Ʋ˥ҵؼȥ˾ϡ
ʱ޳ھ̽飬Ȼ̽æ㿪ۼ༧ΣҪȥȡȻӦ˱仯İٶڶ̽ȥȫ ûڡʱ޳漴Ӧ˾ϳһۡİٿڶ̽ȥȴպôۣ漴ſһҵİ֮ͻȻ֮ڴ˳
׹һҫ۵˲ƺڰϿ˺޶ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ϾȻһϴ󣬶ǵ׹һ룬׾ںǳڣΪǵ׹ϿҰϵİ֮⡣
ϿϢ㾲ֹˣ޶ãȻ̧ͷŰ׹⣬Ҳסˡ
СһȥŸʲôһͻȻ޳
ڸղŰ׹Ͽȵ˲䣬˯;ˣΪϹɲ˵˲׷ʲô£Ҳ漴ʹܽ˰׹ȥͬʱ޳Ȼ޳༧ͬʱ׹ˡ
༧ӡ޳һ˲䷢һӾ༧ѾˣͻȻϲ֪Ȼȥܽ
ŭ׷޳ıӾסȻһʱ޷ƣֻ޳༧˴ܽ׹ͻȻһûڸƽѾλˡϿУǰЩ޺һˣʱ޿̲ܳȥǱϾޣûǻۣް취˿̿ҵ˳ڣ϶ʱˡ
Ȼ䣬Ͽŭ׹Ȼžڷȥܻطһŭֱ˹ȥʱѺϣϿȸڰǰһڣʲôҲ壬ŭ𡣰ޱ˻Ǳ꣬ʱڣ¶п


1891 ع
һ޳༧ȥ۾ͺˡǰһƬĮֳһľ
ɫյûĮڣԶһ޴Ľɫǰ棬ơӳ׳ɢϵĚϢ˶ˡ
༧༧ʱҪ˸ղյһĻղű׵֮Уˣɫ԰׵˼㣬ǰľ̲ס¶΢Ц
޾ϣůģӵϿȳȴû뵽Ȼô͡
ⰡǿǺܾûмˡʶų޳Ҳ̲ס̾ǰůһ˴ǧ硣漴޳ʶ̽ȥǵʶ̽ȥ޳ʱһƺ˵Ϣ
޳༧ʹɫ漴ˡϽ༧ڵϣƷıעһ
СһڳˡϺȻһ
޳ɲ֪ڽۺѾڷԲһ飬ڰ׹ֻйߵĵط˲Ϣ
޳ע༧ϵı飬ǵע룬༧¶һĨ΢Ц˵޳û£Ϣһͺˣġ
༧޸ǿգ۹Ѿָһ룬ʱ޳ע룬еȫһů
޳ЦЦҲ֪༧޸ǿջƣŵʵǰʲôط
˵СһѾ̽ˣĮĮĮ棬Ǻܽġ
ĮĮĮ޳Ȼ˵༧˵ɫȻ¶Ծı飬˵޳ĮĮĮ
ǰ˵ġܶؽ磬޳Ϥ뵽༧Ӧ֪̽ѯĿȥ
༧ǰĮϵľƺ˼˵ĮĮĮǵϿȾȻͨ޳ҪСˡĮв˳û
ˣ
޳ɻ༧˵ĮĮĮܶؽĵطû˽뵽档˵в˴ڡ
ˡţСһ￴鷳ˡͻȻ޳ˡ
޳ⲻϹžŴģò˰ޣǳܴ鷳ŮѹѵвˣһԵúܽţϹޣȻ֪ǲ˲𣬳ԽȫǺĿ´ڡ
޳ʶٴΧ̽ȥѵһĽ༧ϵľ㵣ʶٵա
༧ѾָˣɫҲָȻϿܲ쿴
ʱ޳ʶ̽ȥԼԼӦһ˿Ϣﴫѵˣ̵ĻĮΪʲôһһϢ
޳ˣԶѾȹȥ鿴ˡ
޳༧˵༧ҲȥɡȻ϶Ҫȥ̽һһԥһž˹ȥ
Ӱٷ˹ȥղſǾǰʱŷǾǷǳңԶ˰ŵ˸ǰ
ֻǰƵľΧɢһɵĻڵϺɫĮӳ£ԶŽ⡣Ǿһһϣ漣һĻĮۻ롣
޳༧ȫ䱸ŵܵĶղʶ̽鵽һ󣬿ǵ˸ǰȴ޶ʶٶ̽ȥԼо˿鵭ϢǴм䷢ġ
ѵˣ
޳һԾǰǰ
һСһڵҲɡ
޳ҡҡͷǰԼڰ׹ûͿԵ𣿲룬ɲ˵ڡ
ǰΣûУ
޳ŵغղϿճ񾭻ĵĺܽ˿һ˿⡣ղʶ̽ĵϢЩǡ
һûлˣûش
޳һ༧ж¶ɵļᶨɫȻͬʱȥ
һڵһϣ޳༧ܽŵֱоûΣղ˿ϸ鿴ܣڵһϿյءཻ漴ŵڶȥ
򲻴޳༧͵˵㣬ǰ漸㶼յأһ
ǰǰ޳Լĺ
ߣСһʲô޳ߡǰ죬ںİ֮ڣ޳ǵȻֱΧ޳˿漴ʶ̽ȥȴطָղǵʧˡ¶ڻĮϣ·һ˿ľֹ
޳˵ǰʲôûУְ·Ĵڡ
ĴڡһСһ㻹ԣ̽ɢ֮ϢһϹַ
Ϲַ༧۾˵Ķ˵һңԶĴ˵
˵ǲز죬Բ򵥣ʱҲ̽鲻ȻϿܵͨ˵ϿȵҲϵ
걻ǿ߽ķѹϿ޷ӳȻϿȵ˺֣֪Ͽȵ˭༧ⴥϵۣƬĮ˵Ͽϵ
޳һ༧Ȼʵǰ˵Ͽϵ
ţСһڻ֪ǻǼ߰ɡĻһ䣬Ѿȥһȥ
޳Ҳо϶ϿйأǻǼߣٿɡ༧˼˵
޳˵ͷ漴˱һȥ
ʧǽʮ㣬ǿһһҳ·û͸һɹϚϢ
ڵڶʮ㣬޳༧ͣѾǰˣԶĮããޱߣ¿ڰգĿԣ޳á༧Ѿоͷˡ
ѵһ̵ĻĮô޳ԽԽе£ɢϚ֮˲Ȼ𾴡
ǰǰ޳ŵؽк˰죬ȴ޷ӦѾɵȥˡ
ãʱ޳ͻȻоһƺѹ֮һ㴫ʱһ༧ҡҡλΣվ
Сġ޳һæ༧߸ȥ༧Ȼ߶ֿǹǿվˡ
ʲô༧¶֮ɫʵһ㣬Ȼѹվȡֱڷ˼ˡ
޳˲ϻشӿֿǹŵطʶ̽ȥʶȥȴûвһ˿쳣ɻѡ


1892 ս
༧û°ɣ޳ŵʵ
༧ҡҡͷվסΣǹѹֻ˴¿־壬ȴûж˺ܿˡһͷϿյĵڶʮһ㣬ҧ˵û£ȥɡ
˿̣޳༧˶ûзǽ£ҲǾʮһƣͬɢĹ
ȫ䱸һȥɵһȥʱһֻڵʮһɫһڹϣʮ죬ڹǰݺύһγɵĹǹɢɵĹ󣬲ϱã˸ɫ⣬ޣһ壬ȴܸӦɲ֪жϸСɡ
ղǹεѹ֮Ǵӹɢġ
޳༧Ȼؿţоɲһ·һʱȴһôܲ˾㵡ʱ޳ɹĿȻӦǹĹڿٴݺȥ
޳༧Ằһսɫ̽ǹȥ
޳༧ľٶ漴ҲȻһǿ༧˹ȥ
յѾĻɫںϣγһŽ⡣ʹΧһ㵭ĹϚϢ
ʱ༧ĺɫ̽̽Ų˹У漴Ŷһ̽̽ȥ޷Ӧʹûһ˿ǿعϵĹ˿û谭̽룬·Ϳһ翡
޳֣ûʲôãΣգ༧ʹ˽ȥڹͬûܵκ谭ʹȥˡ
޳ȵ˵༧û°ɣ
ղ޳лǹܻṥߣһѺû뵽༧׾ٵؾôȥˡ
༧ͷɵ˵û¡һ䣬޳Ҳ˲䴩˹˺վǹſڣһȻǰΣգʲôأ漴ǾͱǰĹסˡǰһɵĹһ˸Ĺ⣬ɢϵϢ
СһǺúÿǰĹ󡣡ͻأ𡣰޳һȻǴǹ淢ġ
޳ǰﰡ
˵Сһˣϻ˵ϸȻ㿴ʲô
Ŷ޳ŶһȻ֪Ҫ⣬ǺԥŹǰĹȥ
ǰǹʵɫĹݺᴩɵģһɫĿ壬޳ϸ۲졣һȻһ˿ߡЩݺᴩ󣬿¡޳ϸ쿴£Ȼ쳣Ĺƺĳ
ǰ޳ϲؽķ֣ѵЩһֹ
СһȻԲϲ˵ѾӦһֹ޷Ϳܲˡ
˵޳һϲԼоĹһ㣬Īĳλϱģܵõ˹ͨ˿Ե뵽޳ԥȥϸ۲Χߵ·
༧Ȼ֪ʲô¡޳ֹ̬֪һǴ¡Ŷ̽Աػ
ʱƺǸӦ޳ϢЩݺᴩĹȻ˸Ծ༧ֻһ۾ͷβٿ޳漴Ҳеǰۻңз겻
СһסǧţЩߡͻȻ޳޳һԭȥ쿴ˡ
֪˶ã޳ѾܸӦЩߵ·ǰ·һͼǰǰһͼԾЩԾ𽥻һͼ
У޳岻Źߵжˣȵ۾ȫûϵǰСһô죬ô˹а
֪˶ãȻ޳۾ԺѾӡһعĹӿ·Ҫ籡ڴʱΧĹ߸Ӧ޳ı仯ϢǸصĹŴˡ
һɺڰǿ˲ӹӿ˳һ硣
༧޳㵵ؿعһһ򿪡
Сһ컯СȻͻһ˿ȡ
޳༧֪ڹŻ򿪵˲׹ˡǰعӦһλϹŸˣǰĹڵһֹֻڹĹܵӦŻ򿪡
޳Ȼ㵵ؿǰһУƺԼ۾
˵Сһȥѧ⹬˵ĹԺĴˣȥûкö
ѾȫˣǹɹϚǿϢʹÿ˶ʶ涫ķǷ
༧޳ҧһ¸ѵ촽е㲻š
ȥɡ༧һ
޳һ˽ȥ߽ȥ֮༧ûжΪûй޷룬༧ǲԸ޳Ķ
վڹ棬һ޳Ӧ漴͸ӦǰһǿĺڰϢӿǹϢۻǿ󣬴޿ɿܵѹʲô޳ֹһ˹ȥ
ߵ棬һۿȥʱˡںڰĵϷһ֧ɫĴꪣͨںڷ·ΧĺڰУɢǿ˿ƺһɷɱ¾ϢȻɫǸӦʲôɷѸǿһޱӴӿ˳ȥ
༧ǹǿѹվȣɫȻˣҲ΢һ
ǺսꪣȻɫ૵˵
ϹսǴս䣬ȥˣû뵽սꪾȻ漴зһĹ⣬սꪳԤʾħѵҪһ
˿Ǻɫڣ޳ȫ֪һУɫĺԽԽ졣ȻһĸӦӿϵĴƺٻʶ޳߹ȥ˺սꪡ
һǿĺڰ˲ס޳ȫڴʱ޳ǰͻȻֳһĻ棬һƬѪҰϣһŮ
޳
һͻȻңԶĵطĶ
õ˺սꪣסȥ޽Ϊұ𡣡
ǵ漴ʧգ·ûйȻһ༧ͳ˽ȥһۿȥڳһһꪣյء
սꪡϹ־塣ǻǶôǿĴڡ
޳ػعͷȥ༧һʱ侪㵵ط֣޳ɢһǰδеɷ


1893 ʮ߲
޳༧Ҳڲ޳ɢǿɷսľ
޳еĺսڹ˲ͻָƽУɢɷȴǿޱȡ˿̣޳Լȴ֪ԼϷı仯ؿ༧
༧ô
༧Цһ£˵ұϵɷˡǿɷʲôꪣ
ָƽ˵Сһ컯Сȴ֪Ǽ֧꪿ɲǷǺսꪡ
֪޳༧˵սꪱ޲T֮޲Tƾ֧ݺ硣޲Tѹ󣬺սꪵ޽磬˵ذ޽ĹĿŮã֮ûϢ벻Ȼ֡
ĿŮĻ޳ղиֳǸŮĪǹĿŮ
ǰ㽲ĿŮ¡޳е˵
һս֣뵽ĿŮйأǹĿŮѹ޽磬ôᵽҺսôܶؽ磿Ҳ漴޳һĿŮйء
̾˿޳ĿǰʵûпԽЩϹ޷֪Ϲ񲢺ս޳ϣҲˡղſɫĹҲӦˣ޷༧ԲȻ޳õ
ʱ𾪣漴һֶĸпˣսꪸʱˡ
̾Ϣ˵СһսꪲǷĿŮ׽ĪǹĿŮΣաܸӦ𣿡
սϹ̺ͨڻǹĿŮΣգŲòܶؽ粻С磬ĮĮĮǧ̣ûܽȥ档˭뵽ﾹȻսꪡ
޳˵ͷŬղһĻеŮȫûпӣǾ仰ȴӡԺ
סһҪȥ޽ұ𡣡
ȻԺһ죬޳һʵǰ޽
ͷһԼȻСһǹĿŮΣˣ˵СһĿŮǲΣˣ
޳˵ͷ
Ҫˡұѹ޽ҲˣСһסͻȻһߣɫ˵СһĿǰֻ򾳽磬Щµ˵𣿡
ллǰѡ޳ʵСΣգм˵Ȼ棬Ҳ˵ĶԣĿǰʵǰֵһᣬʹҪȹĿŮҲҪԺˡ
ϣһĨϦѾǻƻˡ
޳һ񣬺༧߳ȥĮţһƬ⡣
༧̧ͷͷЩĵ˵޳ǻҪȥ𣿡
ǸɫϢعرˡ༧ȵط˸ղǹǿѹƺһʧˡ
˹սҵˣѾûˡ
ʱ޳ҲָղŹǰǸʧˣĿһоΪѰҵԵ˴սꪣΪ𡣴ʱ޳еĺսꪾţ·˯ˣȴԼԼӦսɢĵɷƺԼ໥ͨ
༧Ѿ׼ͷ߰ɡ޳һĹ༧һʮ߲ȥ
½ţ޳漴ӦһǿĺڰϢΧӿ
޳Сġ༧˲ҲӦˣɫ̽ȻϿУز쿴ܡ
ʱͻȻǰ洫һŭھ޴ʯ˩ŵһ˰޵Ĺŭ޳༧һ
ֻʮ߲У˩һ˰޵Ĺ˿ҵس޳༧˻
ڴʱ޳ԺͻȻһ޳ںڰǸڿеŮĿŮ
ǵһȥУ޳ʱһȫǰȥ༧޳Ҫ֣漴սȥ
ˣСһޣСĵ㣬Ū
ޣ
˵ϹޣǿСĵ㡣
޳һݣ漴ʮСģ˹ȥ
ǰֽ϶ɢһ⣬ǰڿİ˴󣬷ŭ˻һץץһ쫷ӿΧռ˲Ҳһ¡ǿ޳༧ҵֵ˲ԱһȻһˣ޳ץ
޴ÿһץź¡¡ռȫֻһգۣ϶˶ҡ
Ȼѱľ׮һ޳༧༧ĺɫ̽Ȼ룬ݽһڰȴ˿ûзӦֻȻһץͰ༧ĵ÷˳ȥʱ޳߶ȫһȻȥסˣ޳ʱʵӾȥͬ쫷ȥǰһͣǿı˲ѹȥ
ӶʱסˣֻһգۣǰŭһͰѱ˺飬Ȼ޳޳ʧɫΧ˲ӿϷ棬Ȼס˽ɱǿϻ֮ҲάƬ̣˲ɢܣ޳߽
ʱ༧ҲֽţŶ̽ʱ޳Ȼееĺսһ£ƺһĪʹ˺սꪣһڰǿϢ˲޳ϵĺսꪷڹһգʮ߲㶼ҫһ¡սꪻӳ·սꪵһںϣȻ䣬һذĺڰҴȥʮ߲ϺȻͬ⵽𣬷׷ɢǿĻʹùʮ߲ϱˡ
ǵڰӺսϷǰ˲ˡ޴ޱ޼ʵĺڰһӽѹȥ¡
䡭
沿ȫˣڿնγһա
Ե޳༧Ѹ·ȥ˼ǰµĳͬʱµأԶ롣
˰ʱų䶨޳༧˻ȥһ֮¶סˡΪڡ϶˲סǵֻʣʮˡ
ԶһӰٶǰͣ¡޳һۿȥǸղźսޣһҪ߶ȥ
Сһѻ٣ҵʹɡҸˡ
˵仰̧ǰȣƺ⣬漴ŤͷԶٶȥ
ʱô£޳Ȼؿ޼ٶȥɶ«Īͷԡ
ʱСһ㲻õģǷڴ˵ȺսꪣսˣϵûˣڹѾȥ޻ȥˡϧˣ漸ǻûп͵ˡ


1894 ɱϿ
дһ˿źʵԼҲ֪һж˹ĿŮŵģ汻٣˵ĿŮԸǿ
޴ĺ󣬻ĮһžϦڵϣ¼šؼƺֻǼˡ
Įϣˮ
޳뿪ˡ𣬴ʱѾǻƻ裬ںʧȥͻʧȻ˶
ţ޳Ĺ¶شڴϣоﲻԣȴ˵
༧˿Уüܲ쿴ǻĮģмǧһȥãã޼ʡаˡ
޳ô뿪
޳Զղ޾ǴʧģӦ߳Įɡ
СһĮ߲ȥģϹޣسɳߣ߳ȥʵ̫߲ȥġʱ
ǰô죬ѵҪĮ𣿡޳ˡĮһòݶ߲ȥҲҪѹ˷֣Ҳ˵ĵط
һ˵ֻһ취Ͽȥ
Ͽȥ޳һǰڻȥȥ𣿡
Ǽ˿ǸմϿӳδҪȥѰ·
˵ĮƾǸ߲ȥҪ뿪ֻϿһ·Сһڿкսꪣ͸ղűӦɵİӳȥ
ң롭ȴûм˵ȥ޳Ҳʡʱоһƺ˹ĿŮİţһ͸ϵĻӳϿȣ˹õսꪣȻٻȥϿշޡоϾֻԼ룬ûм˵ȥ
ʱ޳༧һɣ˶Į߲ȥģ˵еǻصϿȣ뵽ǰ޺˵ĳ棬ʱһľս
ĮϣϦһһţˡ
Ѿͷˣһɾ͵ڰȥˡ
СһԥˣȥѰ۰ɣˡ
һʱ޳ԥˣһڰûԱָ㣬ҪѰҵڵ۾¡뵽޳ԥ˾༧˵༧첻ˣͰǰ˵ɡ
༧ͷ漴ղʱľڷȥ
ɵڸǰ̧ͷȥںϿǱһվ߲ʣһۿȥããһƬʲôҲ塣ϸǹ⻬쳣֮
޳ôҵղŵ۰༧ҡͷ˵
ղϿ棬дۣǵߣûü壬۾ͺˡʱ޿֮ľڣ޳༧пࡣ
޳Ͼڣʶϸ̽Χü˵֣ûпɵĵط۵ʱղϿȴɶˣ벻õЩ޹ϸ鿴
ǰǰ۵ѰһȦ޽޳ֻýʵ
СһżúҡϹ˲µģ϶ҵ
˵ʵ޳༧ﻹҪΪҪˡһڣҪʧˣֱڶ絽
ʧȥˣЩС¼ֱֵһᣬһŶܰϿƷǳ̲ϺϷʱаղѡ
׻Ϸȸ䡭ǬޣȸҰ׻
һԶƳ޳ϹĴ׻ȸɵһޱȵĴ󣬵Уޱѹħ޲T˺ȥֻȻ򵥣ޱ۲ʱԼ棬ǿ󣬶Ȼõȴޱ۵
·һȪ޳һ޳Уӿʧֻעϧ޳ֻ̫ܷܲܿˡ
̼䣬޳ظ˿УһĹϢȫ

Ȼ޳ǰϢӾϿɢ󷢳Ⲩûӳ֣޳޷
ˡȻ󷢳Ⲩ΢С˼㡣ӳ֣޳¾Ȼˡ
޳пϲȻһɫĸ۵Ĺؼλ˱ǡ
ǰǰҵˡ޳ϲغ
ȴһ˿˷ܵ˵СӣΪ˸ӳҿʧ˲٣°궼ˣ쿪۰ɡ
޳һźʱҲ˲ö˵༧űǺõ۹ؼλȥ
ɵϿգ漴޳༧ͨɫͬʱ۴ȥ뼸ͬʱղϿ༧Ķ̽дͬʱϡײۡ
Ǽɫ֣漴ֻϢؿһڣ޳༧ԥ˲ʹ˹ȥ
ʱѾˣһȥϿ棬һŻ谵Ǻҹˡ
޳֪˼䣬Ӧ¾Ͽޣٺرˡ
޳༧ڵϣסʶ̽ȥǰһƬڰϿޣǲûб֡ڵһܶ޳ĵ༧ʾ⣬ĵǰȥ
޳ʶ༧סϢСȥ
һֻԱߵɽ¶϶ǹѺǸɽ޳༧߹ȥ̽鵽˽ȥɽǹѺĵطڶڻرƣӳȥҲ˿أʱյġ
޳ҷųʶ̽飬ֻȥ۾ܿӦ˺ڰȻǰڰһżС΢⡣ܶһźڰǵ΢⼫Ŀ޳༧жǰɣ߶סȫ˹ȥ
ߵǰŷǵ΢ǴӶϷ΢Сө֮⣬ٿǵ΢޳еĺսԾһ¡
šѵ΢ͺսйأ޳һϸ̽ȥſǵ΢һƾӵĶеĺսƺܵӰ죬ɷ΢Ҳƺ
ʲô
޳ɻִӱǸԲԲⶫ漴һǿҵĹǶϷ޳һϺȻСһ֣档
޳дϲǰǰ
Сһڰ׹Уӵŵ˵
޳ʱлΪģˡ
ٺ٣ǰôղšղһΪûи
ߣһСһ˵ʲôѵǱ𣿡
޳ϽҡͷжʱôͻȻ֡


1895 һ
ǰǺҹô֣޳ʵ֮ǰ˵ֻĹϿǺҹⶴҲǺڳء
˵Ҳ֣Ӧⶫ;ʯһ߱ԣܷ⣬档
澲ˣҹЩҲҪ˯Ͽһ˿
޳༧ŵΧĶҪӳϿֻаԭ·ɱأһЩ޾鷳ˣ԰Ǹûһ˿ϣ
Сһ˵һ˯ȥˣҵʧҲﲻʲôæһ޷֣ǡ
⵹ʵ׹֣ܳʱǺҹ׹һ޲Ǿ鷳ˣ˭ҲӲȥˡ
ϚϢ漴ʧˡ޳пתҪӰӳ죬ڵ졣ֻгôʱҹжһϣ䣬ֻ༧ҲȻԷȴܸӦԵɱ
ಣӰɳǰȥ
ϿȺǰȴܿһϪЩȫϪ֪Ǵĺ磬зĺϿܽҲӲȥ˯ط޳༧˸ǰǰϿϷʯ̨¡ȴûһ޷ǡ˷ڵЩ˯вϵĺҲĶǡڵϴҲҳ
ô죿༧ŵŤͷ޳޳ҧҧ˾ģ˸ơ漴ӰϿǰʯ̨·ȥʯ̨ߴʮף޳༧;ܷȥԾʯ̨ԽԽסɵǰһۿȥʱһʯ̨·ںƺ޷
޳༧ѾϢϿȺĺХڸǲ͵͵Ǳ뵽ٽͿˡǾΣնˡ
ʱһƬڰХ˯е˻޳༧սľʱ̵ı֡ʵǿ󣬼ʹ޳ϢޣҪÖȴѡ
޳ѾǱʯ̨棬ȴвɰɣѵϿУϿ֮ʵɳȥ¡ڣǾ׶ˡ
ʱţٵȥˡ
ڰ޳༧һۣȻĵϿϷȥ
ʱϿͻȻһХһӰϷȻӥһХϿڳ˯޶ʱˣֻһգۣɰǧ޳༧˹
һҵǿϷȻ༧
ǖ
ԭûϿϿյʯ̨ϣ޳༧ʯ̨ȥͬʱӦХٻͬʱȻ
⣬޳п࣬ýƻؖȻʯ̨档ʱ͵͵ȥѾˣ޳һ༧ܣӭſйȥȻѾ֣ʱûпأֻƴϷ塣޻ûиϵ֮ǰȥ༧ĺɫ̽ûİٿڶ̽ȻϷ䣬޳ѷһӵȥͷ޳༧ʹȫ޴ƴ·Ȼȥҵֿʯ̨ϵȥʱ޳༧Ѿɵ˰գͷʯ̨ȥֻҪʯ̨ϣЩ޾޷ˣʣһͺðˡ
ǣ޳ǵ͹ϿޣЩкܶ඼꣬ʵ͖޼ۼ޳༧Ҫʯ̨Ȼ쫷繥ʵǿǿѾϿءȻǺҹЩʵǿǿǸӦ޳༧޳ߣЩ޾һӻ𡣴˿ۼҪߣʱһеƴ
Ȼ޳༧ץȥһ͵Ϯ޳бܣһץ˿ͣϷȥʱ༧Ҫ߶ɫ̽ڶιǵ޴Ӵܣʵ޳ˡȴһץݺץȻһŲ漴·ȥ
༧Сġ޳Ȼ༧ߴȥԮѾˣ༧δüӦһ޵ĹҲˣǿ༧ϣ༧ֻһ͵ȥ
ʱ޳ҲѾɵʯ̨棬Ėʧɫæ׵֮ȥǵȻһ׵֮ʱ༧ľҲ޳ߣ޳һݼ˼ȥ༧һ·ȥ
һз˲䣬޸޳ȥ༧Ӧ漴ŭŷӼ
޳Ͽǻ𣿲ҵǺ棬ǼȻӳȥˣΪβߣֻЦ˵޳༧ֱ޷ѾӳȥˣȻߡɹֲˣǵɱǲɣЦţеԽԽ
༧ղűץУѪ֪˲ᣬһ·׹һߴ޳ߣˡʱ༧֪һǰΧס·һ֪ϣ޳ӳȥ
༧Ҳġ޳ĬĬ˵ͬʱȻش߶һ޴Ӿȥ༧ޡȻںҹУ༧ȫӦ޳֪޳ԲһȣȻ߶̽޴ȥ޳Ѿƴˣ޴ıӾȥƽ༧ļ޾ķ˳ȥ
˻˻˻һǿĻȻ޳ʱҲӿ»׵֮Ȼ޳ǹĻƺͬһŻ׵һеǿߡ޳ΧռѸŤΣǿҪɡ
ڰ޳Χͬ𺣵ƣˡ༧˾Уɫ̽˲Ϸȥ˿ԼķأȥֹĹơʱ޳ıӻڹ༧Χĵ˱Щֻҧ߶ѸΧһᾧֵ
͵žž޳ϣںڰзҫ۵Ĺ⣬Ͽ޶ȻϿͬһѰط籩
޳ҧţķᾧږǸǿ߹һѣ͵˲塣ʱķᾧѾƣһ͵⹥Ҳˡǧһ֮ʣڰд޳еĺսͻȻһ޴ĺڹ⣬Ȼӿȥͬ˰һһӿȥ
ͨ޳֡һҫޱɷĺڹȻҹաϿȼžˡ
սꪷǵڹ⻮֮е޶ҷˡ
̫ˡڹа޾ɱ¾ͰϿһһǲɿͬɱϿޡ
˺ޣͬڰˡ
ȻЩһ뾤ط£ӲšǸӦ˺ڹеͳ־һǿǰϿˡ


1896 
ðϿֵؿţôҲ벻һС޳ôͻȻӵôǿֱ̫ˣȫܸܵǹǿѹ·߱Ͽȵ̫ˣ૵˵
޳ԼҲһȻ֮ǰѾڹʶսꪵǻǱˡ޳Ȼ֪սϹħ޲TϹʱͳ˧ޣ;֮ԲһϿޡǻ࣬ûô
ϿȫϷڵϡ֮ǰԴһ޳̧еĺսָϷĖȵ޶ҳˣ
ʱһңȻĿھʹѪɫ˲԰ֽ֮ˡ֮ǰ޳Լ޳ϿֻҪ޳һԼȻʧЧˡ޳ҵӳϿȺ󣬖աΪҲûлɱ޳ˡȴû뵽޳Ȼɱ˻ղۼ޳༧Ҫʯ̨֮¹˲öֹȥȴԼ޳ԼΥ⵽ͷ
ҷвѪǺε˵һССޣϹҲΥʱҷˡ
޳һ̣˖ԼޣһкܶţȻǽ˵Ů϶֪һЩı뵽޳Ťͷȥʱ༧Ҳ¶̣༧Ȼ͖УϾͬΪޣŖȥв
Ȼ޳һ˹ȥưږϣһǿע룬ֿѹǹǿע룬ܵѹ޴ķɣʱһݡæ߶ֿӿȥ޷赲ۿɫ԰ףסʱҷ
޳ˣܵͷܣԹñˡ
΢˵Ѿû
޳ҡҡͷ˵ҵޣʲôҶȥġ
԰׵ϺȻ¶һ˿ɬĬĬ޳һۣ۾
ڵʱģһ˵Ѿˡ
ʱսƺǸӦ޳⣬ȻԾս漴ɢһݹ⣬ڰҹ
һֱԱ߹۲༧е޳սзӦˡ
ʱ޳ԼҲ֪ˣսꪵֻзӦʱܷƽʱûзӦʱͺͨıһУһзӦͻԾѵսڰʾ֡޳ɻͣ¸עսꪣһ޴ҫۺڹ˲ϿС漴һȻ³һѪһԾ
ֹͣѹþˡ
޳༧ؿţ𺳣ս̫ˣֹȴ֪ǺսꪸӦ˖ϵ֮ϢսꪱǴڰ˖
ˡ
Ȼ£ؽеһΖسˡϿһ볯޳Ŀη壬˳
޳̲סпϲշϿ޺͖ʱеľϧȴ޷ҡͷ̾Ϣ޳û뿪Ͽжͳˣڿһ⡣
޳ǲ뿪Ͽȣƺǲµ޳е뷨༧ʵ
Щ뿪ϿȣȴһЩǰȻʱ޿̲ڿ뿪ûгڣ޷ʵֵġ
޳˵ͷЩޱϿ޷뿪Ŀ϶뿪عϵ޴˵Ը뿪𣿡
ϿЩȻؿ޳һȻһͷݷͷǱֻ꣬ͣȴûа취ʱϲʤ༧͖һۣͷȻᵽЩ޵
༧ǰѾϵ۴򿪣ЩԸ뿪뿪ԸļϿȰɡ޳˼˵ǱĮĮĮȻ棬ӦǿӦܹӦλڻĮģ̺ҲʲôΣ
༧͖Ҳͬˡ޳Щ˵ˣЩ޶ϲȸԾ༧޳Ͽһƺˡ
һ޳𣺡Сһ˯һҹЩ޶շˣ
ǰ޳˵غɳˣһҪ㡣
Сһʰɣǲǹںսꪣ˵
޳һ˵ǰô֪
ߣСһҿɲƾշЩޣһǺսꪵĹͣ԰ɣٺЦ˵
޳ȴ˵ˣεЦЦ
˵޳սϹħ޲T;ͳ޵˵Ͽޡ޲Tƾͳ޽粻֪ˣ
޳ԽԽսꪺ棬ԵȥʲôأΪʲô޲Tʧ꣬ͻȻڻĮ֡ǸصĹĿŮΪʲôҪѺսꪴԼԼΪ𡣹ĿŮʲôЩһС
ҡҡͷ˵Сһ㲻öˣЩµ֪ʱȻ֪漴̾Ϣһ޳ʵ޷ӽ磬սֻѡ
ʱɫѴϿȻǻɣܻǺ޳༧ܲ鿴һ£ֻϿϪϵ޲кΪϿ̫СˣûҲʳͻʳزкĿġʱҲ̾ϢˣϰľʱŸопᡣ
Щ뿪Ͽȣȫϲ񣬸޳棬Ŀ⹧ηͳ
ǰȥ򿪾ϵ۰ɡ޳˵
˵ðɣСһķһΰ㡣
ڵʧȥȫǿ޳ʶŰҵۡʩչһ൱깦˵޳ʱúܹⲻȥ
޳ԸϿ𣬵ϻϿȶʱܻ档Ͽȵ˭޳ѾһС
漴޳༧뿪Ͽȣڳڶȥ
Ƭ̣Ǿڸǰ޳ǰ
СһʼɡϴѾһˡ
޳ȻϿУʶž̽ȥʱҲһעڡ漴ϵһĹϢϢУ¶ĸ۵Ĺؼλ
淢Ϣֻӵǿ߲ܿԼע޳ڡ


1897 
ע룬һֻǚĹϢ۵Ĺؼλ޳Ȼ߶Щλȥ漴ˡɢǿҵĹ漴ϻ¶һڡ
ǿ߰ɡ޳ϿȺѹѹ޴漴Щϲ񣬷Ӽڱ
ˣЩޣϿȵ˽᲻㣿ŵʵϿȵ˾Ĳã꣬ȴ޳׵طˣ
Ͽ˽ҪɡЩޱ꣬Ҳóȥˡ޳˵
˵Сһĳܺãսеϧˡ֮Ȼ˵սϹҪбУ޳е˷ˡ漴Ҳңа֮У¾һˡ
޳ǰصϿȣʵǰϿȵ˾˭
̾ϢһͬʱС磬ﾡʧ޷̽Щ˵ֻоϿƺйأȴ²˭˵ʱǰ޷ӼųȥЩޱϿ꣬ÿһп뿪ʱȻȿֺգۼϿߵһɶˡ
¶ӵı飬ҧ촽Ͽ֮е㲻ᡣʱЩڷȥҲƵƵعͷ𡣼ʹ׶ޣҲи顣Ϊάϵеĸһ㡣༧ҲһдǾһԱӦи飬ǲ֪޳ĸȾ£úһһ˿顣
˰죬ϿİѾɵһɶˡϵҲ֮غˡڼأֻо߱һʵܷ֡ÿһڣˣһϡǲӵľˡ
޳˰칦򽫺սŽ긮˿˵ҲȥɡЩ߹⣬ϿֻǼˣڿԺΣյشʯ̨һһȥˡ
Ŀӣһܣ漴Ͽٱȥ
Ƭ̾͵ʯ̨棬ʱ޳Ȼоһǿʶ̽ڸӦ˲ǵʶѾϿȷ
ã޳һߴŵСһǽˡ
ڴʱھϿǧĴϣһüŶһܻ롣кȻ¶һ˿ţһ˻
ڴϣ嵭¼ţһƬţ·һһؼҲûˡ
ã޳Σˡ˵ɫȻһ漴ԾϻŶϿڵĻҰȥһŻ˲Զһȥ˿̣ܶؽϵǿ߶Ӧһǿʶ漴ɻѰȥ
ʱڻҰϿ޳ڸӦΣպѾ˲䷢ɻᾧסȫ༧͖ҲڵһʱӦסͬʱȥ
ϿϷĿкȻһɢغˣڿע·ˡ
ǽˡ
༧һг֪˵ʵǿ˲˼飬˿Ǽ˾֮ͬ޷ѡʱɫ˲԰ף촽ȴû˵˵ǸĸףȻԶǱ飬Ī⡣
ʱ޳еĺսƺҲӦʲôԾһڹսϳȥվڿУһǿӿЯصѹƺܴݻϿȣ˲ȥ΢΢̧̧֣һεȻ·ӿ޳༧˼޷ܣһȻѪ
޳ʱʵѾӽ۷壬༧ʵҲӽȴ֮ûС˵ʵӦ񼶱ˡ񼶱𣬶޳˵Ǿѹ֮ƣӻֶɱ
ǰ޳ʧɫغǰ취
漴һϿ洫СһСĵ㣬ˡȻʵȴӽˡҲûа취ǿӰɡ
޳һգܵӿȥֿͬʱ༧Ӵܡ
㸸𣿡
֮ǰ˵ǽ˵Ů޳һֱɻֻǻûüʖ
ţˣҵ常ҺСͱϿȳ󡣡޳У˵Ѿͬ޳ĸԸޣ޳ʣԥ˵޳һ¾ĸףղŽҵĹҲ˵ˡ
ϿϿաע޳һɢǿѹʹƺڲ
ʱ̼䣬޳ѾӵϿ棬ֻеĽ͵һһӰ׷ȥǵӰ˲͵˸ǰ޳ֱѹ޷ƶ漴һ㾹ұңȻȴͬһͷը죬ǿѹ
ͷǲѪ˵ףǺТ
ߣŽһߣһѹȥػȻعڵأɫ԰׵˼㡣Ƿ˸׵ӽ޳ȴĸԸ޳ޡʱ޳߿ʹཹ٣ȴ˿ûа취
˵һȥɡһ֣һǿӿ룬ͬһзȥȴ޳¶һ˿ᡣ
޳༧ͬʱһ˫˫еĽȥ뽫
漴һһ޳༧˳ȥʱͻȻȻ̧ͷȥֻϿϷĿУһŻ
Ͽ޳㵵̧ͷг룿漴һɾϲӿѵˡ
޳ˡϿһ¡Ȼڿͣ£޳ͷʾ⣬ڻıһˣЦؿ
棬ʦ塭޳Ȼؽг֮ǰڻߵͻȻһߺʧ޳һֱڵģ˿̿룬뱳Ǹȥ쾧ʯĺߡѵ棿
ʱڰգעˣԻͺߵĳƺе֡
޳㲻ʶˣŶǺͰɽʥ˺塣޳ұԪ鱻ˣʱ޷ָֻýɽʥ˵塣Ժҵıˡ˵һ仰Դһ˿ˡϵ޳༧˶һͰɽʥ˺壬Ϊı壿ǸɽʥأΪʲôϰ棿


1898 ֮ս
һ˿ԽԪ飬ӵ˺ܶԻûÿһʹһ𣬶ԶԱҲӰ첻󣬵һԪ鱻Եģ޷÷ֻڱϡ֮ǰ޳ϣȻ˼ʶȴ޷
棬ɽʥ˾ȻıԪ㣬ѵѾ
ʱؽҲ̲סʵ
Ԫ֮ͬԴ˵Ҳ㵵ش˹֮Уһ񼶱һ¸ǽʵȫܿ׹еԸղڽ˳˲ˡںԷɱ練ơ
ɽʥˣϿ޳༧ˣ˺һ޳ȴ֪ǰɽʥҲ񣬲ӰɽӲߣ֪Ҫ֪򼶱޵߶ţëȻͨǰϴڣǰֵһᡣϹޣʵͨǷëǣҲһ
ԣ˿ͽо֪һѾ޵дڣȻԼԪˣѵʲô޷飿һ룬Ҳ𾪡
ʹɽʥ⣬Ѿˡ
ͽ˶Ǵʧɫһ䣬ǲ˵Ĵ¡Ĵڣ𣬵ʲôһ䣿
棬Ǿ𣿡Ͽ棬޳Ȼţɻʵ
˵һЦ΢޳˵ͷڻش޳ޣͨͷ޳ˡ
ʱǽĿת˵һȥɡ漴һ˹ȥ

޳󾪣ʱϺȻ޳˿϶֪ܶܣߡ
ʱץסƺٹܱˣ׼ϿϷȥ
ʱеƺ޳ͨͬʱһȥ޳Χ˲һӣȻ˾ȥ֮ǰһսĥʱ޳ڵ֮ѾܺΧؼԪںϣ֪˶ٱǵӾȥΧռ·𶼱ˡ޳ֵ˲䣬ȻƣŶɫ涸ȻΧס˽ˡ
ŶɫŽˣתɫһˮһĻ֮ơؼԪ֮£Ļ֮ơ֮һ򼶱֣ܻ̾ҷȫˡ
ϻ֮¾ȻôԵ޳޷ǰˮɫ棬ƾ򼶱ֵսľڷϻֻܷ֮ɫ档
޳ɺ˵򵽽ʱǽ˺һΧȻðһ㵭⣬Ʒ·һι֡еĽһվţǿҲ漴⽩ˡ
䣬һ޳Ȼһӷ˳ȥصײԱߵľϡ⻹ȫԿϻ֮Ͼ˼ֻҪ΢޳Ѿҷˡֻһ༧ŵ޷ȥڵϣſһѪ漴ϷĽ˹ȥȻ֪ʵ̫޳Ҳһ˶Ըˡ
ʱΧͻȻҫ۵Ľ⣬̫ͬմһɢȥȻϿﱻҫ貶ĿϿÿһ˳嶼ҵزˡ
˿ܵӰȴڰ׹Уη˲߽ԶԶԶǵȻɢ⣬еһǿѹо塣
У˵Ѿȫ֣һľ壬Ͽȶ·Ҫˡ淢͵ɫڽķ£ϵĹâ𽥼еĻȻ˻һſһܻ潫˰
滹ڻϣ˿ȫ۶Ʈȥ뷢Ϸ裬ΧҲ漴ӿһγɹֻסԡϿƺϢˣ˶ؿһĶһޡȫŻ棬ԴԴϵذˡ
ʱ޳༧Ѿǿҽѹ̧ͷǵʵĴǰ΢
ȻϿһҫΧȻһǿɫУ漴ΧǲȻһ˲ӿ档뷢һŭ𣬿ֹˣʵӿȥȫʱɱ
ãۺһȻϿԷһǣ漴ֻϿܾϵʯɳľ׷׾Ȼ·Ľ˴ȥǺϿȥ·޳༧ҲŵûæӴˡ
ʱϿһ㣬˵Ƴܶؽǿ߶ˡʯɳľȥ˲佫棬ֻգۼ䣬һɫӰӵ°εضȻ档˲Ʈ˿УһɵŽӭ˹ȥӣһ˲ѹס湥ȥ
ŭһȻһǿӿȥѾϻڿֵ⹥ϾǱӡԪ㣬ܿͱȵö׼񼶱Ķսһ΢Сģ˲Σķ
ʱϽֵ޳ͻȻӦ˻긮кս΢΢
սзӦˣսеĿһ뿴·
һڹڳ𣬷·ѹĺƣҵسϿĽ⡣
޳ϣ漴һͨĴꪣսһȻſеĽȥ޳еĴҲȥһѶϣ˲ɫϢڸסϿĽͻ档
ս˺Ͽȣһӻ˽ˡΧĽ˲ʱû֣ɫȻס˽ɱ
սصĺȫѹס˽⣬ŷҪߣѾˡ淢ϻ֮ذסɱʱԴꪺϻ֮Χķᾧ˲һɢзĹ
޳ΪʲôҪô


1899 ۻʵĻ
һ޳ʱóʱʽ˵̫ţҪ˽
ʦ壬ȱɱɡ޳洫˵һ㵣漴޳˼˵ͷΧڽɫȻǽ֣֮ͻȻһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
˭ΪʲôϿȵ˵˭޳һʡ
ǽĿɨϿȣһ˵޳㲻ҪˣֻǴӴǧġ
ң޳ȻʵΪʲô˭ģ˵ǽֻƺһŤͷȥҲһʱؽȻӿ⣬ȻϿȣ漴ͬԱߵĖҲʧˡղϻ֮һиԽʵͽŽˡ
һϿȣ漴ָܻƽ
޳ղŶˣףսôϣ泤һղ޳ս֣ꪳ´˿ӵľǼˡǽ˵ʵֲ̫ˣδָȫ޳޷Ըġ
Ϣһ޳һϿȾһи档̧ͷ˵ˣ㻹𣿡ʶȻܿĲ֮
Զ棬Ҳûмˣɽʥôˣղ˵ɽʥˣһֱţϾɽʥ˿Ǻͬǿڣһ񼶱ǿ߲ȥղŵĽˣ޳ҲֻǽסһдϢߡʹ񼶱ǿҲ޼߸Ǻ١ɽʥϢȻ֡
ɽʥڱչʱ⵽йܵɣˡ֪ƴһҵǣó쾧ʯ壬һԼȴȥˡޱʹϧ˵
Ȼɽʥ˾Ȼͼ˵ɽʥ˵ʵѾԽ񣬼ֱȻѾ𣬺ų棬Ψܺ㣬ҲһЩ׷Ŀꡣ
ϧ˰ɽʥ䣬棬֪ɽʥ˵ĳ˭üʵĹУκҷԳдĳУһ񶼲ȥ¡
̧ۿϿϿսߵķ˼˵Ҹоּһѣɽʥ䣬ұ˷ҲﱻѺꡭһжô򵥡ֻ£Ҫһˡ
޳Ŀ⿴ϿϿգ˵ʦ壬˵Ǻ
ղҿսꪸӦ޳Σ֣˴ų䲻ⱻסˣƾǼ˸޷ܽˡ
ҡҡͷɫǵ˵֣ʵ񣬿ȴȫ֪⼸ͻȻðǿߡɶϹʱʹڵȻЩָƣȴ˵˵ίʵ֡
ʱϿϷ֪ڵɢȥһϿϿӳĵΧһƬơ޳༧˴ߣжһȻ
ʱ޳еǽ˾ȻǴǧģǺڱڣһжһ޴š
һֻ浭˵޳һҪȥһ£ˣǻشǧȥɡ漴ֻ޳΢΢ͷȻմϿȡ
༧޳˵޳ҲóȥˡϿչ־ղһսǽأ޳ŵϣ˵ͷ漴һ⡣
ǰǰ
Сһǰ棬ȥɡѾͷʯ̨档
޳һ뿪ʱϲ˵߰ɡӰ漴Ϸȥ˿̾սϴ޳˺ܶ࣬ʯַ̨һ༧
һ·Ϸȥ˰ʱ޳༧ڷɳϿȡ˶һ漴Լͬ·ȥֻϿһɵĺʲôҲ壬ԼмĹ˳ЩϿ϶µķ޳ʵģǸղźսꪳ忪˷˿»޷ӳ
Ұϼžˮ˼ĻҰ˭뵽Ͽ澹Ȼؾ޴ܡ
޳漴ǰǰ
Сһôӳ˿̰ظϿɵķ磬˵ǱϿ꣬ա
޳üԶҰ˵Ҳһشǧǣһʱо޴Ŵʹ뾡ȥѰһбĴ𰸡
ǺЦСһڿǷֻڰ׹ܿǺΣգȥɣҪȥһصĵطȵҵָ뿪
޳˵ͷʧȥֻڰ׹֡һ򼶱ǿνһ񼶱Σˡ
޳˵ǰڡͬʱһ˿ᡣ
СһڡһȥѾŻҰȥ
޳ͷ༧һѹǻΪѹ˽ػֱߣȻǽŮ£ﻹЩġ
һ޳༧߰ɡ
ڴʱ༧Ҫ˵Ȼ޳һɵʶӶ߷ǻʶڣ޳Ȼһ𣬻ʶǳҽ
ʱԶȻһ
޳ǵ޳Уͬһʹ޳ǵķȥ༧Ȼһæȥ
ڻҰĶߣվһ̬ͣɢӣӵĿԶ·ܿ͸Զһܶؽĵۻ졣ۻʵĿ͸Ұ·͸ܶؽ磬ɢҰҲˡ
Ӱ˲ͷɵ˵ۻʸǰ
޳̧ͷȥԷɢǿסˡ⿴ǰӿѾԽѵ޳ʱһһɲһ㣬˵ܶؽ磬ԼڵĴǧ磬ҲָǿӵлĴڡ
޳Ҫشǧ磬ѵһб𣿡ۻʵ˵
޳ʱһǰɲӣȻʵ˭ѵ֪ⱳţ
ۻʵ˵޳֪Ǹ˵ȥɡ漴˵仰ۻʵӰһӰƮԶ˲ʧˡ

޳Ȼؿ༧༧Ҳɻüͷ


1900 
ǻʶǿһÿ˶򼶱֣ȫڵۻʡǻʳشΣʱһ޴Σǲġ
༧Ľܣ޳ȫɻˡԼһ·޺ͻʳоôԼȥ
༧űĳĳҲѾˣͷף˿༧һȶŮɬ
ʱ޳н˼ţղǸ֪ǽ˵ŶָǸˣֻҵŪһУ뵽޳ԥ˵༧ȥ
༧̧ͷ޳һۣûиеֵӡѾµ޳Ϊŵ֢ᣬֻҵһУֻҪһ˿ϣ޳ȥȡ
޳Ĳشǧˣ༧ǲĵһ䡣
š޳ᶨشȻܻȡϢʱ˾ġ
ʱӰ˻ҰԵǰ߾ʶķ޳༧Ϣװͨʶȥ
ܶڵն񣬶Ұһﶼǲʺ˾סĵطڶǸγ˺ܶÿʮ˿ڣʶڵĶǸа˿ڡ
󣬻ʶĺˮ
ˮǻʶһʮ˿ڣϰճԴΪˮԱߵķɽϰմȥɽʵȴһɽɽܣޣǰղԺһЩŵȥ֮
޳༧߽ӣѾǻƻˡ˼ҾƵ꣬Ƶż˳Ծƣʮ塣
༧˳򣬺޳ϢЩ·ŵһ
ϰϾ⣬ٺЦ˵λ͹ҲȥȭүӿǽˣȭģǮһϣλðԱмĿ޳Ҫʵϰסˡ
༧ֹ˵޳Ȼ˰ǳԺȣְ
ţûղŵϰ˵ʲôүȭ˺Ⱦơȴ֪ʲô޳һƵ˵Ȼ˵СǻǱԱߵ߿ˡòªŤͷ´һ˵ֵͼǽģ֪λʦλǰҲȥȭ𣿡
޳༧һۣǽʲôţ༧˵ֵ캣ڵģһһᡣ
ǽ캣ڴŶܶؽɣ޳Ȼ֪༧ȴĵ˵ǽ캣ڶСţг˼ų޸֡
ͼһ˺Ⱦ̫ƣ޳ʵλֵأ̸մ
޳һ˵ҿɲˣòȻв죬֪λشȻŲһһųĺ췢߰Ȼ˽ͼ⹰˵֣ˡ˵žͼԱ£Ӻһڡ
֣ҿɵȰˣôڲŵȾơͼڵȰ
˵غһƣֺȻ˵֣ҿ˵ȭ滹ˡ

ͼ޳жһ޳֪ͼ֪ɲһ㣬ǻʳµ˳ܵۻʲǲΪһЩС³档˵ȭͼⰵ޳֣Ҳһĵ˵
ֺһƣͼĿȻת޳༧˵λֵܣǶȥүȭģֵһ仰֪
޳༧Ķһۣ༧˵뽲
λȻλҲȥȭģҾͲˡֵܶѰ˼ȥƵȭʮλԸһͬǰȥΣͼ˵˼˵ȥȭƵ±Ц޳༧һ
༧޳Ҫܾ޳һղģ˿һ˵лλˣ˼Ǿʹλˡ
ͼǸˬЦúãáͼ޳༧˼ȥˡֻƵֽˣͼⶼǺǴкˬޱȡ
Ա㣬ͼһĨ˵߰ɡ뿪ƹȥ޳༧Ψǿʲôһ·ҲʣֻĹ۲죬ںȥ
ʱӣȴɽķͼǰ棬˵ֵܣֵܣǰ͵үӼˡ
ֻԶҰϳһׯԺӳУԴΡ
ĸ˸߽ȥȻʮŵģűΧסǡ
ߺˣ
ǽ캣ڵǰΪүȭͼ˵ΨֶԷ֪һ𣬶Сǡǽ캣ڴֻСţЩŵӰȻɨǼһۡͿҲ˵ȥɡ
޳༧ͼ˽ȥȥŷԺпյźѹѹһȺˣȥߣʵԺмȴһ˹ֿĿ
ǽ캣ǰȭһ߿غԺ˵Ŀһ뿴޳ˡ޳Ͻ༧һͼ˺湧һ
ߵ˵лλλŴߺ߹һܼģˣһӣϷĿڽ˹ͼüЦֽӹ˹ȥ޳ʱΪлȭˣ͵ֽӹ漴༧ߵԱ
Ժϰˣȴһԣţÿ˶ߡ
ĿһһɨԺˣȻ¶֮ɫ˵
лλѲԶǧǰȭĳлˡ˵һ񡣼˵֮£ʵҶȴҪڳλˡʵڲ˵ڷɽһԷ򸾣ǱסȡΪ²ûоǣ׷ҵļͷǣҴ뿪ˡ
һƬž˶ˣ˵
ºΪ´Ҵ뿪ôȥѽϰǰͻȻӵţǸŮ˻ҪұԼڰºĽʱѾɱҾŻϣѰ˼ԼǶ֣λȭĳٴΰлˡ
˵λܼ˵ţȥȡһǧڽ𣬵ˣ͸λѡǹܼҴӦһȻȥһӳڽڽǻʳĶԶһܶĵҩԺЩ˶ʱһЩԶǧȭˣʵ󲿷ֶǳŷĳģŴŮˣõЩڽ
׼ˣ͵Ůˣͷİɡ
֪˭һʱ˶׷׺


1901 
Щ˶ǳүӵķ˶أԷֻһŮˣжûаŮ˷һʱȿֺر̬ͼºӡү¶м֮ɫסֵܹл
ע⣬޳ĵ༧ʵ༧ŻʲôͷȻͿǽȭ޳ȴүӺ;Żڲ˽⡣
ţŻںǽһҲСš༧һ߹۲һߵ˵үǾŻڵĳϣŻھɽŵӽˮ¥̨ȵ£Ȼ򵽵ڵһЩͱȱ˶࣬ҲСȴܸС֣ŻСžȻڷɽ꣬ûб̲
༧Ҳ¶ɻ󣬷ɽΪܶؽɴѣЩŵÿ겻֪жǰԣһȥȻⲻ˺;ŻڵӷĦˣЩСȻ
޳Ҳ֣ǽİͼǺˬˣŤͷǵ˵λŮ˶λҪ£ٺ٣Ѿ֡ͼ˵߿޳ûü뻳еڽ¶̰Ȼ̰ȴҲǺѣ޳༧¼£Ҫ
֣˵һԵͼ˵˵ЩǸȻҲȴ˵ڡ
ͼٺһЦ㲻˵ˡ
ʱ޳ȻӦһɵǿʶ̽ʱһΪʶǴүɢġƾ޳ĸӦүӵʵȻӽ򣬿үڲ̽Χȭˡ޳ʶү̽ȥûз쳣¶΢Ц
ʱͻȻ˴ī˵ʱ˶ɫһŵ濴ȥҪ֪Щǻʳÿһ򼶱ĸ֣ƽʱ¶棬벻Ȼȭ޳༧һʱһݵĻ˽
īˡ
īˡ
ܶʱһ󾪽޳༧һֻ֮ǰڴǹǽֵī֮ǰڴīһ˵ס޳༧ʵǿ벻Ȼͬʱ漴ͷ㿪īߡ
īˣˡү𾴾ӭȥ˵ܼҶһڽ˹Ǻܴһڽڳ޷ȵġȴûһ¶ЩȭӣЩСŵӣ⣬¶ԸŮ˿϶Ҫǿߡīˣʵٶ򼶱Ȼ޻˵
īڽ𣬺˺䣬漴Ŀųɨȥ޳༧ͷ㿪ˡǶϢȺīҲδ֡īү˵˼仰ϥԺ±ĿȴŮ˿īΣҲһݣĵԺ⿴ȥ
ΧȻˣīϷ·ɢѹЩղſ̸ŵҲȻ
ʱţҲ֪˶á
Զһʶɨӹһ𣬽ŵص˵СģŮˡǵʶ̽ȥ漴һԺ
ŻˣɡǵԺ߽һ޵긾ˡһݳª죬߲ߵͯӡ
үɫʱһ԰ף˵㣬ҾŻУѵ㻹ָϾɱ𣬺ߣǼȻˣͱųȥ
Żˣ𣬲ҾҪϾɱЩ˶һϰɡ޸˷һ˵սľĴ̶ЦֻϸӾ֣ŵīȥ
ʱ˶ĵŲŲֻīʼձĿǰϣһ
ϱݣ΢΢鴤һ£һ֣ľŻڵӷ׷˽Ż򴺰ԼŵӶ澯䣬Ů˴ЩӶŵ˵ԶԶģ˸ȥʱųŲòսսű޸ȥЩͨӣλ϶Ů֣֮Ȼη岻ǰ
ʮŻڵ׳ӷӼϣʮһǸ˺ͯϴȥЩ͵ȵӷ΢Св֮ڴʱ޸һǰͻȻһɫĹȦȻתżЩȺȥҽ漴˷ɫȦתȥ֮ЩŵȫǻɫȦջأ漴Ȼ򴺴ȥ
ֻգۼ䷢飬Աǰȭ˸ûзӦʮŻڵӾѾ˹룬ѪϢ˲ɢȥ޸˴߶ȦүӴȥ򴺾ŭ֣ȻһɫŹȦضȥͬʱдȵλֵܣһɱЩǰȭȻǳųģ˼ۼȦ򴺹ȥӼ޸˹ȥ
˺˻˻ܵɫȻ޸˹ȥ޸ЦһȻǰгһǺϿУһ漴˶Ӧ˴Ӻɢǿѹںֳ˲䣬ī۾¶֮ɫŻɫ԰ףȻӴܡʱЩǰȭͨŵȫ֪ʲô£Ȼ޸˹ȥ
еĺȻ䷢һڹ˲ȥһ޷ܵӿȥЩͨŵӼ˲Ӿ𣬿ѪкǵҴ߶ȥʮŵӼнͻҷˡ
ðԵ
޳༧ʱȻʧɫɢɷصӿȥûһŵ赲ʱͼҲΣգͼͶȺ棬Ӵİӿ˲ػʱȻһӿס˺ͼӴܳȥعͷȻؿ޳༧
޸˷ͬʱǸͯҲȺعȥΣҽһһȥͨĬȣ̾ɱʮˣѪ˱ǣʣµ˼ƲӴܡ
оӴҳһУīȴϥڵϣֻΧֳһ͹ĺֿ޳༧Ҳ漴Ӵ˳ȥӹһپδİͼ㵵ؿܡ׸ղ˭ǡղǵһغˡ
ԺѪȷ磬ȻʣµȭЩŵӾʧɫԺ޸öסſڣЩɢˡ˿˶ֵ˵Ժǽ䣬ɫ԰ס


1902 
˿𾪸ȴ޳༧ղǺɢĺ˶о긮Ȼ⵽緭һ㣬ȻʧɫǺϷĺȻܹ˵ĻǣֱţЩͨӼӦͻɢˡ
ŻˣȭҲˣɡֻ޸˿Ц˵
Żɫ԰ף˲ͬʮ꣬˵㣬ʮʱ䡣㾹Ȼ˺޻˵㶯ְɡ
Ż仰ڣ˶һΪȻղ޸˺Եȫȭͨӣīȴ˿ûж˶޸˹Եīû֣īûг֣ȴү䣬޲Ծ
ŻĿɨ˳һۣƺؿ޳һۣŤͷī˵īˣŮ˺ûĶ֣۴ңԲסλˡ˵Źһ񣬺Ȼׯڴ˽ȥһ¿˭Ҳû뵽ȵʶүѾܽȥˡ
ۼ޸˼ЩȭĶĺڣ͵͵ҸߡүӵĻֶͬ飬׼޸ƴ˭Ҳû뵽үӾȻˡʱ˶סˡ
޸˿һɭɭ˵ŻˣҿܵȥЩȭҲǸֳڣȻǵ˿У漴޸˴߶˹ȥ
һ±仯˭Ҳû뵽˱ȭģ˵ˣзŭŭ𣬲û˹ǹǿѹԵ֮ѾǹȥǺһаרŹ˵ĻǣЩֿͨܵ˱ŭۿҪɢ
ʱȻϵīˣղһƬʼīͬ˰㣬Ŀʱī۾ΧȻ˴СʮӺһ޸˹ȥ
ʮųУ㹥ȥ˲ʹܵ޸ǰ棬Ȼȥֻ޸ΧӿһźӭضȥһӴӣȻɢ漴ΧסŮ˴˷عīʮӵ޳Ѿ̹ˣʱųһŷʱɢˣһסˡ˺ƿīȴԶ߶˸īƾʮ赲ס޳༧˵Ľ޸һʱס޷ĹΧʣµˣֻȫԸī
ֻһīͰпΪ޸˵ĺúǺ̲żԵаȥ˵ĻǣīȻסŮˣۼȥΧĿռѾҪռˡ
ֹһ޸ҲˣȻ߶ϵīڵطȥīʱΣСǺϵа죬赲ȥȫʯ󺣺޶ȴһһΧռʱīѾѣҲˡīĸ֣Ǻ˾īһҾͻȻһɵסˡīüһֳ漴ӵӿǿȻصֵ˹ȥ
Ժ˶ŵؿˣǸͯҲֿͣţʱѾˡֻҪīʤˣʣµ˲ſܻīһ˭ҲֵסŮеǶȻԾһ£ҫ۵ĺ漴īΧ˲һӿ˹ȥīɫȻһף˫Ʒȫźܹȥʱ鼱֮Ѿ˲Χ޸˵ʮӣȫ
˻˻˻˻īջطʱ޸漴ץסȻһӴδЩīԪûģͨһ飬īʱฮػȻһѪʣµʮһӼȥʱѾˡ޸ŮȻ֣ļץӻȥʮӱȥʱīԪػѪüĵȻȥֻҪ޸˰ʣµľŸȫȥīͻҷˡ
ī֣ʹԪ⵽ػΧȴѸٻûϸСӰһֽԼм䡣ǷߺƺľȥӰҡ˲Ȼһе޸˰ȥīƴˣһǹעһŮܾˡ꣬һӰ˲˿У޸ϿգīһʱԱߵǸªͯȻһܾʹ͸Ӱ׺ݵīؿһƴȥ
һ¿磬īӦۿҪڵʱһǿĺڹ⻮˺հ㣬ڹ˲˺ѺĺȻе޸ˡ
սꪳˡӴͬƵĺɫпգеĺ˲ЩܹͬһѸȥ
޸ںսֵꪳ˲͸ӦˣȻԱӴܶȥǸªͯһƼīʱ˲ҲӴܳȥΧռղĺʱȫǶҲ΢΢
˶㵵ؿȺһһꪣīϳ޳һ漴ԱӴ˳ȥ޸˻ȥӣԪ𣬹˲öϽϥ޸ղŻѪȷԺ˲žˡ
Щȭŵ۾¶˼ı飬ȫŸղǹɺ˵վ߲۵޳ġͼȻ׸ղž޳һϲȻ˵㡭
޸µأɫȻؿ޳һ˵˭ǡг𾪺ɻ󣬶漴Ůһ˿⣬ƺʲô˵ǣĻû˵ڣɫȻ䣬Ȼܵ𾪡
˭ҲŻȭ𣿡
޳˵·ð֪ºүӾкζԹԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬҿ»˰ɡղһĻ޳༧֪޸Բ򵥡ǰԵĺ¾伫亱ĶаŹˡ˱һͬСɡ޳л£ȻԸƽǿС˫ܺͽȻǺ¡
ˣ˵ɣС֪Ż˵Ϊ𣬱˵ǰҲ˵顣˵޸ƣֻĺѸϾ£գۼǺָֻ˸ղŰӡǳªͯӻóһŴ󹭣ǰѹһóʱһӹϷɢ˵֮˵Ŀһ붼޳Ҫ׼Ըˡ
޳༧һݣսꪻ̧׼Ͷһս


1903 붼
ţ޳ȵȵȡһԱߴīָһЩԪֹī֣ǲСµģΪŻԨԴ԰治ѲŴӦǰȭû뵽̫ǿԼˣҿ޳Ȳӹһ١Щ򾳽ˣǾѲ޳ɣղû޳īҪҷˡԼʹǰйжԣ˿īȻ޳м
ֻīѵؼ˵޳ȱ𼱣ƴүȴˡǺοࣿ
ī˵˲ǰЩǰȭȴˡоܵԢŪЩŵȫըˡͼⱻ޳һимֵܣī˵ĶԣƴүȴԼˡɵˣֵΪƴ
ԣԣλֵܣүӵĵˡЩȭŵҷ׷׺Щ˴˿̲ŷֲүӣղЩŻڵҲˡʱȻԸһ޳˫Ͽͽ⣬ԼͿӹһˡ
޸俴ˣһ˵ôˣߣȻеȭͱ뿪һָǴޱȵɱ
޳༧һۡһݣ޸˳ֶޱȣղ˲ɱʮŵӡЩӲˮõģ˹͸ŹаţֻаˡԼ£Ȱ˫ͽ⣬û뵽޸˸顣
ƺһ˵¼ʹʲôԹԩͷծӦȥүӣȴöô֡ǺȰ⣬ֻ÷ˡ
޸˴ʱʶѰȥŻѾߣ˵ߺߣСӣҲ飬ǵ񸮵˾ͱȻŻˣķϣҾĹǡߣ´ҿҲˡ
һ䡣ӰѸԺ˳ȥܶʱһƬšĿ죬ߵҲ죬Ժµʮʬ壬ʲôҲû¡˶ؿţû˵
޳Զīȥī񱻻ȥӣԪȻղѸٻָѾƽҪȫָ»Ҫһʱ䣬ʱīҲ޳
Ŀӣī񵭵˵ղŶлֵܾ֮պҪĵط棬īǡ
ī֡ʵǿ֮ǰȻжԣʱ޳Ŀû˵⡣޳Ҳм뷨պ϶ô˵ī˿ˡ
īָЩŵһұǰׯȴүӵ䣬Żүˡī޳༧𣬴Ҵȥˡ
ʱͼ˹λֵܣղžֵ֮ܶûݲ֪λ׼ȥͼΪ˺ˬ˵Ҫ´л޳æȴǸط˼䡣
޳˵ǶҪȥǼʹ˸ˡһ˵꣬ͼ͸˵Ҳ׼ȥǲμ
ЩŵׯѰ˰죬ȴʲôҲûҵүӰмҲƶˣǲٻˡ֮£֪պŮЩڳ֮˶ۡ
ͼЩӷһѻүӵׯ԰ˡ޳üͷû뿪ңĸŶǷȥ
·ʮգڸϵ˶ǡһǰ深ĳֵȺͼ˷ܵ˵ֵܣǵˡиʦڶξ£Ƚ˳ǣȥʦ¡
ţҲá޳ͷձ༧ҪϢðͼȥʦ˽㡣
ʱѾ磬޳༧ϢͰͼ˽ȥǿɲǱ𴦣Ȼֺ٣طܼһ֡ǵ˶ǾͲһˡЩӣسۻǸûһȺ֡ÿ˶۷Ĵڣһī޳̾īĸ֪ж١
ǺͼȻͨҵǸڶξµʦ塣ʦͷ췢ͼһ·ͼӴ޳˿Ҵ⡣λа³ĺ췢ǽ޵һλţڽʮͽǽصǽڶξ£ʵϾΪĿɽξǻʶͳߣ˵ۻʾȨ˰³ڶξ£ЩžͻͶײǡ
³ܿʹϢٹ¾һȵп
صջͼЩΪ˵ʵȥпҲ˼ϣǽҲܸñŰΣ
֣Ӧúúñ֣ȡԺΪųˡ޳˵ʱȴü֪ʲô
ڶͼ޳༧һǰλڶǶߵİɽ뻻һЩĹ鼮ɽԻɽʵֻСһƬǻʶһɽפءΪвԻиʵĴڣóһЩͨ鼮ϵǻȡʱˣȻȻγһ򡣼ܶؽߵ˻ʶ￴
һ·ϣȻ˶ߣȻ򼶱ĸ֣ɢʶڶĵط䶯ȴûע⡣޳Լϵʶ¶𲻱Ҫ鷳Щŷˡ
˸ϵɽֻһߴꤳɸߣ߸ɢǿϢİ׷ӣǸ߸ߵꤳϣһţŭȴ
֣ǣ޳һȻʵ
ͼϸǺһۣ˵λʯ˲ĺֺֻڳˮ֮׽˵֮ʳܰʯ˳ｻһЩ鼮ʯ忴С壬ʵҲûǿߡԼʹǲ˺ΪΪ̫ͣȴûãֻɽͱ˽ҪĶ
ͼҡͷ˵ЩֻЩǿʳòܰԶǵûá
˵ꤳԱߵİ׷ӾһۣꤳѸ߹ˡ
༧µ㹦鼮޳༧˵ѾˡԼĿǰ֮ϻ֮ûȫ֮ϻ֮Ƕ⹦ȥġ༧ƿͻơ
༧һ˵Ѿ˰ǣԶԶͿſмʿڼˡʱղʯǸߴʿס̲顣
༧˵ףѵȥҪ̲飿


1904 
ͼҡͷ˵һóףʳҲ棬ʱѾңżǿ˷λؽš
˵Ѿߵ˳ſڣʿסǣվסʲôģ
ͼٺһЦ˵λֵ࣬ģ㵽
ʿʱ¶ɫϸ´һ£ͼûóһСڽȥǱʿһϲ߻ǽȥ˵ŶȥɣͳڳѲ飬Сĵ㡣޳˸Ͻ첽˽ȥ
һǣǰֳһ׳εȻľ
緱ǵ㡣£ηмɵյءĿյϣȺյϣ״ꤳеĸߴɡ޵Ůףһ֧֧׵ıʿšͷĿУ
ǹȻ
޳༧ɷ̾ͼĴȥһյأźȥӭһߴꤳ˹ꤳ澹ȻһȺˡ
ͼ⿴޳ϵĲ죬˵ֵܣǳͳץѾ׼ѺʶꤳԱ߸żɢǿϢӣĿܿȥ漴޳͸Ӧһǿʶ̽ϽϢͼĽ۹⿴ȥ˵Ǽλĸ֡
һϴĿյͣ£ͼǺ˵ֵܣǽ׵ĵط
ͼʦ֡

ǿյ췢ڶۻͼ߹кǴͬ׵ˣкȻóףЩźǿĽнԼŹ̶ĵطǽСҲԼĵطʱ췢ǽĵӣմӷɽ޻ڶ۵õڵ
ǽֻͨСţΪƽǴ򵽵ҲͨڵЩڵЩǿֵһᡣԴʱΧԱߵҲһЩŵͨӡ޳༧һ۵µĻ¶һ˿ʧ
λֵܣǽûʲôöλ𼱣ϾʹȥĽ׳ͼ޳༧ʧ֮ɫæ˵
޳˵ͷȷʵû༧Ȥ£ͼϴȫ췢ӣǴۡ漴޳༧Ľ׳ȥ
Ľ׳ֵĳģȵߵֻܵŵģˣ汻Χˮйͨ
༧ü˵ö˰ôܽȥĽΧ㣬˸ȥ޳ĿȴرԱһ¥סˡ¥Ľʱھ¥Ķ¥ϵÿ¥ڣб߳ԾƱ߿±߽ӡǵλøպܰĿ۵ס
ͼ⣬ʲôˣ޳ɻʵ
ͼҲ̧ͷȥ΢Ц˵ֵܣЩһЩݱȽϸ߼ĵӣܶ඼ǳϼģͨĶۣԾھ¥ϿпеĲ˲Żȥ
ͼĽͣ޳༧ȻĶǰǾ뼷Ҳȥˡ
ͼɫ˵Ҫķ̫ˡ
һڽ𣿡޳ӻ긮óһڽ𣬵˵
ͼǰһڽܶؽǺĶһͨӵʮѾһʲСƸˡͼ⿴޳ڽ˵ʮڽ͹ˡ
޳һЦ˵߰ɣȥ¥Ͽһڽʣµľ͸ˡͼϲ⣬лǽȷʵСţɳμĵӾȻô
漴ԱǼҾ¥ϰؿһۣŲ˿ͨСŵóôڽ𡣶漴üЦغһ¥ʱ¥ÿλˣֻʣһûˡͼǿǻʮڽ𣬿Աߵһÿ˺Ƕһʱˡ
ƶϾ⣬˱߳Ժȱ׳ȥӸʱ£һӾͽ׳ʱֻĽ׳ϣΧ顣м˰׷ڶǰƷЩǰϣڷһ鼮һЩƻ֮챦
˻޼ħֻҪһǧڽҪĿɡʱڳһݵİ׷ʹܵȺš
˻޼ħ󣿡޳΢΢һ༧һۣǰ˻޼ħһ󷨣˵ǰѾʧȻȴͬڹֻҪշͻ򣬶ȴӵö࣬ҪͼҪһЩ󷨵طһЩ󷨣ƾ󷨱ԶԶҪһЩطܾаԵ󷨵ͨҲ޷СҲΪˣЩǿл󷨵޼
޳һھƣҡͷ˵󷨺õǺã̫£ûмȻǶ󷨣ûȻҲûʽˡ
һ󷨾ҪһǧڽҿΰɡͼƲƲ죬˵һǧڽɲһСĿЩƽʱžٵСŵ˵붼ȥ롣ʱָ˼˻شҡҡͷóһƷߺÿһߺȶΧ󾪺óÿһƷǷǳ󺱼ġ
ͼ⿴зŹ⣬̾Ϣ˵Ȼ֣ÿһСŶ֮ˡ
ʱǼѾóʮƷΧ޳һߺȾһΪ༧ѰһõĹ鼮ͼȻЩߣȴɬ̾Ϣ
ǣֻһóһɫâľʯܵȺʱ
ѩ޵ľˡ
ѩ޾ˡ
ڴʱ޳༧ǰһѩ޲ءڼẮ֮أҸڽΧפӣͨ˸ѩ޾汦Ծͻƿо޴ǻʳ򣬴ǿҲûа취롣һң޷ֵꡣ
Ӱѩ޾ʱϺ;¥еĿⶼסˡ
ѩ޾ˣǺöڤ֣¸ö˰ɡ
Ϲ֣ٺ٣ǳѩ޾ģóˡ

ܶʱһƬ۷׷סƬ֣Ӹѩ޾ˣ۸ǧڽ𡣡
ǧڽ𣿡ʱ˶һȻѩ޾ޱȣ۸һҲ˰ǧڽֱֵһСŵȫƲˡ˵۸Χʱѻȸһ̣ȺﴫһǧڽҾҪˡܵȺ׷ǵȥȴһϺ췢ӡ


1905 צ
Ǻ췢һͷϣ̬ƮݲһǸŵӣܳǮ϶ƿпܵõͻơ
ǰ׷ҡҡͷ˵ǧڽ˲
췢üͷ΢΢һ壬˵ˣֻǧڽ𣬿ԨԴķϣͰѩҰɡ
¥ϣ޳¶ɻɫͼ⿴ȥͼæ˽ܣϵĺ췢ڵһλڣ˲ͻѾǶǿߡźλͬڷ֧Ǻ췢˵꣬ʱЩԥ̧ͷܣе㲻Ըְ档
ʱӾ¥ϿմһǧڽҪˡ
¥ϵģһЩŵ³ͼⶼźǵǴ¥ֻһĿݳªĺڷ̽ʱԥкȻɫһϲ˵ףʦ֣ˡܵȺʵλ̨ǧڽ𣬻˳ߵļ𣿡
Χ۵ȺʱһƬǧڽɲСԱЩΧ۵Ѵͷ
ˣѵ㲻֮ͬСˡʱ췢ɫǺ죬ŭ˵
˺һ˵ףģѩ޾˿ðΣղŻģҲܳǧڽҾ㡣
췢Ȼɫһߣݺݵضһۣת߷ȥȻΣڽ𲻹ֻˡȴһ˿Ȼɱġ
ڴʱ޳Ѿ⣬ѩ޾˶ƿмȻȻֶܿ飬ڽ긮ʮ˵༧ѩ޾Ҫˡ༧Ȼ֪ĺ⣬һůȴֻŶһ
ѩ޾Ҫˣǧڽ𡣡޳¥Ʈȥѳ˶һʵ˽м۰ǧڽۡ˵ͨӣһЩҲòҲֻņ̀߼۸ǳ߼ߵ֮ʱ˶Ծ̧ͷȥ
ǧڽûɣ¥ǼһȻܳǧڽ𣿡
ǧڽ̫˰ɣ

漴ֻ˲ĺ¶ϲ֮ɫ̧ͷ˵λ̨ǧڽ𣬳ɽ
ʱͼⶼȻŤͷ޳һš޳Ȼǧڽѩ޾ˣͰ͵˵ֵܣûɣҪðǧڽѩ޾ˣ
޳˵ͷ˵龧ʯˡأȻȻһΣ˲ɽ˾¥ڣٶ֮Աߵ嶼ûС΢Ц޳˵λ̨ôƺ޳¥˵Ҳʮɣ˲͵ǰݹȴҲ˵áҾڸղ޳ǧڽʱ͸Ӧ˵ʶԼ̽ʶԷ̽ʵ
ң롣޳ͿкҲ£Ŀ漴ɨ༧ͼ⡣
ˡ༧ͼҲ漴Ϳк
漴һֳ֣һ˸ľʯ۾޳޳һЦӻ긮пҲóһڽ˽ˡ
˰סϲ˼ƣ˵ֵܿϳô۸ѩ޾ˣ϶;֪ɿ棿ȻԼ˸üǮȻһ˿ɻ󣬾òǺȻóǧڽ
˷ģڽ١޳΢Ц˵
ֵܺȾơˬЦĵغ޳˺Ⱦƣʵȴڰ۲졣ΪһԱκǵĿ˶ᱻǰе顣ƾʶ̽ȥ̽ʼûз쳣޳ֻɢͨӵϢʹһ
һƣ಻ģѻ뿪ˡͼ⻹ûдӾлعȻؿ޳
ֺȾƺȾƣǼ¿޳˵ͼⲻ죬˻Ľǿ龧ʯ༧༧ƿѾܳʱûˣѩ޾˶νѩ̿༧ӹȥпϲȻ޳мѡ
ʱĽ׳ڽУ޳ſһûкʵƷغʱȻһƺһȺ˽ֻһڵһ˹ǰǸղŶ¥һмѩ޾˵ǸӡľȻһȺŵӣһƾǳ޳ģǸղű޳ѩ޾ˣвޣǰѰˡ
޳̧ͷһп࣬û뵽ǿӾȻǸŵҪڵ޳κˣǶԷһǿɾͼˡ
Сӡǿָ޳ŸȺŵӷӼϣ޳˹ʱǿ߽¥ڵĿ˷׷ˡҪ֪¥ڵĶһЩŵҪӣʵȴȫˡɼԷŵʵͬСɡ
ߣСӣģȻڵĶǲǻˡǺڷŭغȵиһɱ
Ŷڣ޳˵ʱ༧ͼҲŵؿȥԭڵӣ޳һ˿Ѿͼ˽˶ĸڲİǶ֮һǿʢʱĸ־ҪٸͶᲢۡǲ֪Ϊԭһҹ֮ںȴһ˥ǧһǧɡձȻ˥ȴû˸Сꡣ
ǺڷӾȻڵӣ޳ʱеһԾҲһݣȻ˴ŵӣ鷳ҪˡʱǺڷҲ߶ʶ̽޳༧ϢжʱˡߣԷһͨŵӣǺڷţݺݵؿǰˡ
ʯôǰǡѲء
ʱ޳ΧĿ˶͵͵ˣͼȻţȴ϶ȥǾŵʵ
ڷʯغһ˵ͼ⣬ֲǽ˵һȥҪλֵдд衣˵Ȼ̧˫ƣ¥ڵξϯжȻ˿С漴ǺڷӷһȣȻ޳ȥЩڿеξƲȻ޳ȥڴʱ༧üһЩƲͷӿʹüͷ
޳ΧӿһɫᾧȻȥЩξʱͣסˣڵλʯɫɲض޳ʶȴ֪̽޳ʵȻʯϳһӴȫ޳ȥ̽ûз쳣Ϊ޳ʵˡʯıͻȻֳһõĺӰӣҡͷβצˡ


1906 ε
úӰĹץ֡Ҫܻ֮ûι޴󡣶ʯʱγɵùӰֻĳɡúֺܻһƬڵܺŲǿӰʯ̽󣬲޳ʵֻһ㣬Ӱǽ޳
Щû䱻˽ΪųϣʯȻʱ޿̲ڿʰĻԻ֮͡ղ޳ʵǿ󣬿϶ðաΪһʧܣͻû䡣ʯһǴҪ޳ǱúֺʯЦһȻ֣һ漴Ծצݺݵ޳ȥצǵľУǾ޴ĺȻʹܵ޳ǰݺһҧȥ
ʱ޳ǰ˲һӵǰȥס˺ڿнɱʯɫ˲ˣȥ޳޷ֿȴû뵽ͻȻðıӾס˺Ȼ޷ǰһ
˺˺˺Ӱסɱ޳ʱȻֻڣʵʵȳ۷塣ʯֻӽ޳Ȼ£ԷʹԵĹҲ΢΢ĴԷʵ⣬޳һȫڳʯĺգۼͱˣʯںܵһ˲ȻܵڵӶʱ޳ȥ
ݻ٣λ˵Ǿ޴裬˿ɱ⣬Ҳ˲ˣһѷɱȥ
ס֡һͻȻ洫ֻһĽ˽׷ˣĿɨһǿǿѹϢʱӿ˹
ǽϴŵЦݣղŻŵһȴŵع˵Աߡʯ¶η֮ɫ˵ʯӡ
ߣʯҲһɴţôȻû䵽˵زô۸һˣҲЦǽȻ΢Ц˵˵Ļȴŵλʯľͷ˵
ڴʱͼĵ޳˵ֵܣλǶεͳ춫˵ĹӶ档
εͳ˵Ĺӣ޳һʶУ˵ۻʵȨľҪλεͳ춫ˡʶն鶼εܡ
ʱ޳漴ӦһǿʶԼ̽ȻеһӦͨʶˣ۷嶼޳ʱһһۿȥȴ汳׷˶ԼһʱȻ޷жϳ˭̽顣
ʱǽתͷ޳΢Ц˵λСֵܣˡ
޳æֻһǽ漴߹Ҳ£˵ôСֵܲӭ𣿡
޳ӡ޳漴Ϳ˵
ǶŶһһ༧ͼ˵λǽְɣǶλҲ°ɡ
ͼ༧޳һۣ£ʱЩڵӶ˳ȥֻʣʯԱߣĿгԹ޵ؿ޳
ֵܲؽţƽʱϲύѣղ·￴ֵֺ֪ܲʦ˭浭ʵʼմһ˿Цݡʱ޳ȴһ˿ҲҴ⡣ⶫʶʯҺϵһ㣬²͸⣬޳˶СԷɲһˣմȨĶεӣⶫ汳׷˵ʵ޳²ⶼ۷壬Ƕǿߡ
ʱ޳ȻţȴȻһ˵ʦżʵڲ˵ȻǲԸ˵ʦţǶףҲʣǹЦֵܲԸ˵Ҳգצֵʶ˶ɵ벻Ź꣬Ȼ䵽˵زһСܡ
أԱʯɫȻͷȥȻΡʶû䵽ֵزʵ̾Ϣ
ʱֻѾ˱ʯŴҵΣ޳ǵ϶˾ƲˡǶ溬ЦţԸƼõϡ
޳༧һۣ˵лӺ⣬³ʶð֮Ӻ
ͷ˵ֲؾĹȫʶõģҲþûгˣֵá˵쵽ȥԣ޳ҲŸųԺǶ̸ЦȰƣ޳Ƕδѣ޳Ūò˼
һƣֻ߽һӶһߵǰ˵ӣҪĶˡ
˰֣ǽ漴˳ȥֻ΢Ц˵ֵܣмȿõžɣһ⡣˵Žе˹ȥ޳ȻؽӹһʱһֻﶼһЩѩ޾˵챦ÿһֵѩ޾˲ࡣǿž̲סľɶǱЩǶƿо޴ͨ˸붼ȥ롣ҪصƷ͸Լ޳һ㵡
ӣЩɶǲһıҿд繦ôùӵĴ񡣡޳æƴ˵Ҳɻ󣬲֪ⶫ«ʲôҩղ֮ºڵͻʯͶʶ޳оͰ˽ġĵμⶫƽ޹ʵôԼݺ񣬾к⣿
һԱߵʯһ˵ֵܿ϶ΪݺɣʵһҪҪ֡ղҿֲּ롣ֿ֪Ը⣿ⷬ˵޳˶һ㵡
ֲصġ޳⣬˵Ӿ⣬ֻҪֵԸæĶ³֮ٷʮڽΣ˽Ķʮڽһʾ޴Ƹˡͼǰʱһ༧Ҳ漴Щ챦ƿڣпͻƣЩ챦˵Ǿмջ
ⶫ뵽޳˵裬ʱ޳Ҳһڽ˵󣬶ȻĶȻǽ챦༧á΢һɣ޳Ͱö⣬Щ챦Ųһġ뵽޳漴༧༧Ŀһ˿ǡϿɲ׵ڱж׶óһǳա
޳Ѿ˾Ŷ浭˵Ӽ⣬¾ˣ뽲ֻҪĸϧ
ֵܣˬ죬ȾƺȾƣʱ̸ֻΪֵܽӷϴϲعЦ˵Ǯֻ֮£һʵ˲õġ


1907 
˵䣬Ǿ¥ֶ˾⣬Ȱƣ޳ȻɻȴȻƱյһƣȥˡڵʯŸȥĿгԹ޵ض޳һۡ
ͼȻؿǻ뿪˵ֵܣ֣εĹôæҲȷ֣ǶεӣǶεȨ²֪жٸ֣ΪȴҪ޳æʱ޳Ҳɻ󲻽⣬뿪˾¥
صǽĽ׳أͼλʦѾڵȥˡõһʲСڽͼȥŽﹺһЩԼҪĶһ˲Żص˻ʶΪڻʶ޳༧˿Ҵ⣬СϢÿͼȥǸʦ̽Ϣ޳༧ڿջȺϢյõһЩа챦༧Ͳס˷ܣȲ˹ˡ
༧ϥĿѩ޾ˣֻ༧ͷð޳Աšһ˼աͼ⿴༧УҲšȴ֪ܵȥˡ
һգ޳ںͼھƵȾ˵Ȼ߽һºӣֱ޳˵ֵܣǹھ;¥ȥ𻰡
޳ͼһۣһԴ¶ĺ󣬾һֱ֪ȥʲô顣Ǯ֣Ȼ˶ĺ񣬿϶ҪΪ¡Ӱǻ޳ͼⰵд֪̽澿«ʲôҩͼѾ˼ȴʼ޷̽ϢΪ༧⼸ĽҪͷ޳ͼڿջչ༧Լǽʿ˾Ƶ꣬ž;¥ȥ
Ǿ;¥ǶߵһҾ¥¥˸Ǻϵڶǵһ㡣֮ЩųΪлӽԼ˳Ծƶھ;¥һȥ;¥Ҳͳ˳ЩȨ۵ĵطʱ磬ůůڽϡϰտεʿõ
򲻴޳ʿ˾;¥ȥһΪλռˡǶεȻűûеȨʿ޳ֱߵ¥һң˽ȥżĵطԶݵλȻҲȨ
㵭졣ֻжһߺȾơ
ֵܣվ΢Цк޳˵
޳Ϳعӡ
ֵܣҶˣ¿浭˵
޳漴ڶ£Ȱƣ˺һ󣬶ʼû˵ʹ޳еɻȴѯֻźȾơ
һ浭˵֣һҪְæ֪ɿϣ޳˵˵ֿ˵񸮣
񸮣޳Ȼҡҡͷ
ֻɫͻȻࣺ֣¹ϵش󣬽Ҷ˵Щǧ򲻿ɶ˵޳ͷǶŻ˵һλʳȨƺⷽһֱĺܺãεȻȨȴ˴ƺ⡣иǱ˴˽䱸ǰεзִӵһܵ飬Ϊ˲ڰʲôı㰵е飬ȴ鵽һصĵط񸮡
֣Ǿ񸮼пϹλĶɳһǰȥҸеǰȥпܱϳҲֻܽУҲæ
Ŷ궫Ļ޳һ𣬴¿ɲһ㣬ǴӷһϹĶ죬ԷǴӣҲĿŵ¶棬Բ޳ǰȥһ󰵰ⶫ治һεӾȻҺʹ챦
ֵܾܷģ˴ǰȥѰǾ񸮣ֻһˣϰٶˡҲڰиţ³֮л˵⣬Ҳڣ΢Ц˵
ʱ޳ȴǾѣ綫˵ǾһϹ񶴸϶ͨ޷õ챦ܵõЩ챦¶֮˾ǿ˵ͨ˵õҲޱ䣬ջǰѹֶ澹Ȼ͵͵졣
浭غȾƣģȴɱѲ·󣬱˵޳½Ҳ߳ȥ
治ֻһεӣȻȨƣҲûܸӻȨĵزһжΪ̰һ¶£ӿɲǺǵģ¶֮֡¶ֻڰܽС
ڣɱķһ޳ܾӦΪ˲¶ԥسɱ޳
ȻЦݣȴ΢ھͿ޳ôششһ㲻ԣ˲ͻ⵽
ڴʱ޳Ҳھ˼ţʶĿֻΪ׷䣬ΪĿ˵Ҫ֪˵䣬޳֮ǰһɻ󣬶Ժγһ޴ţʹҪŪʱ˶ͼ޳΢ЩԥȻԸⳡǷУһ¶ӷ֣ӿɲһˣԼҲӡ
漴Ժбĸ֣ʱһϹ񶴸ǿǳĻ˵ܵõ챦侳ȥҲǧѷĻᡣ뵽޳Ȼ̧ͷ˵ɶ֮ǰ¸Ըǰ
ˬ졣нŵ޳ػĶʱһҪ֪ʱж˵ľƱѾڷֻҪ޳һ˿Ը⣬еľƱͻˤ顣ڰе۷ֻ˲ɱ޳Ȼھ¥޳סλʯצ֣λ۷ǲֵһᡣ޳޷ߡ
漴۹һĹ⣬һѾһɫСƿ
֣ǸˣƿеҩĶҪ²ŻֻᷢҪһˣһҩ浭˵һǰɫƿ޳˹
޳ֽסƿӣһݣⶫ̸ֹͿȴĻ֪ܶ·ͬСɣһ¶ԼҲ֮أԲҪμж˷¾綾ֻҪû¶գһ¶Щμж˾ͻᶾͲᱻץס֤ݡ
ʱ޳ȻӦˣҲͲ˼ƿóҩȥ
ãȾơ޳µҩظһʯͷأ˵غΪıӲЩμжȫ޵ֱ֮޳˷¶ҩиˣΪһʧˡ
ٴƱյ޳ɻʵӣǾǺʹӵѾȥ𣿡


1908 
治̾˿˵ǾʶǴӵȷֵģⲼ˲ӵ˻ȫԸƳĵǵ˲ֻ̫ܸںѰһᡣ
޳Ȼһ˵һӵƿô죿û˵ǶоƱζһ˿ɱ޳һǶɱģһҵ񸮣ºʹӵ˱Ȼٲһͻ
ʼ¶΢Ц΢Цصɱȴ޳һĺ
һƣȻĵ޳˵ֵܣ˵Ҫ
޳˵ͷҲһ󾪲벻ⶫ澹Ȼ֪ԼҪ֪˰е˵ĵϸǶεӣεͨȻûǲ֪ġ
޳ͷ浭Цģ°ϣֻҪһˣұ㰲޳֪εÿ궼Ƽʸ¶˵Ȼ¡޳ϢԺҲһϲ޳ֺһƣȥ޳صջ༧ȥѽֵڿջš
޳ʲô£༧ȲʵԴһ˿֮ɫ޳ط˼䣬·ͬСɣΪ˽ҲΪ˲༧ȥ޳ǾȲ༧
һֻεһ̲ƱȻֶαɣȴǴ󷽡޳Щ䱦༧ڽͼ
ͼѾ̽Ϣڰº󹫿ˡǷһεĴУ˺ܶࡣ⼸иŵĳɫӷ׷򶼳Ǹ
޳༧ͼȥϣţȻǰȺɢӴܣһͷ񱼶Ӵ׶ªϵȺŶܡʱȺһ׷ؿӭ񱼶ޡֻ漴ƣȻȵϣӣ漴ӿһɫȻȥ޵ͬ谭ˣƴ˺ȴ޷ǰһֻȻԾϿУޱȥ޾ܽѣȴͬסˡ
ɽ棬
ɽǶεһ֡

ܽϣʱһƬЩȫóݵĿ⿴ǰ׷ӡ
ͼ˵ɽǶεһ֣˵Ѿ۷塣ʱ޳ʶ̽ȥҲǰ׷һǿϢһ׷ӿʵ۷ڡֻɽƷޣ漴Զȥɽ뿪һȻϴʿߺſ׷˹
ɽ桭ͼ⾪㵵ؿЩһ׷ȥĽʿȻ˵ѵʲô£ɽǶεһ֣öεͳأͼһ㵡޳༧һۣоЩ֣˵һβ˹ȥʱɽѾ˳ǣŰɽķȥ˽׷ϣգ۾ͳǺԶˡ
޳༧ĸں棬˳ֻɽ澹ȻķȥǼԽе֣εͬΪʳҪƽʱȴ¼ɣ໥ƺ⣬һε˻Ǿ־Ȼȥ¿еΡʱɽѾ쵽ΧȴȻͣסŤͷһۺ׷תԱߵĻҰȥǻ漴׷ˣתȥ
޳һʱȻһգ۾͵˸ǰȻͼǸڶεͳʦ߻ꡣ
֣֡߻΢Ц˵
޳༧æкͼɻʵʦ֣ʲôˣ
߻ϵ΢ЦȻˣ˵ֵܣղҶεһֻ޿Դ󷢣ײ˴ߣ׷ϡ߻Ļ޳΢΢һʲôײϴӳȥֵȴɽΪνȴתȥɻʵͳˣɽѾޣ֪Ϊȴȥˡ
߻üͷ˲壬͵˵ޱɽȦ޷˴޲ӳȥˡһ䣬漴Ľʿɽķ׷ȥ
ʱǰĻҰͻȻһֱ嶷ţǵʮɿһɫϿСҰ֮ҫһ¡ʲôͼ⾪㵵ؿǰĿ˵ʱ޳༧Ҳɻ󣬶߻Ȼһһ˿׾Ѹ
漴ӰǰȥڻҰǵҫֻɽȻԾ˿Уڴʱ޺Ȼһ׶޴ӭȻһɰŵ
̡֮޳˵ǧеһЩǿץסϹޣץסϹޱ뱻ѱΪáϹΪǻһͨѱЧҪ̣֮ޱԪ飬ʹ䱾ΪáǰһĻǴ˵е̡֮е׵һҵعޣ¶ĵɫ뷴ɽסȴ˿á
ʱЩʿѾ˹ȥȻһſеɽ湥ȥεǺȨһĴڣЩʿʵܲȻȥɽȵ÷Զȥһŭһ׶ɽȥɽ淢һХأ漴Χֳ⣬γһֻסȫ
ɽǶεһ֣Ȼǵ˲令סҫ۹âĵ漴ͣˡ
ڴʱȻһܾƿɽķȻȥ
ʱɽһȻһ׹ӱӿֳһ׶ӣݺȥɽûĻӰɽûĴ¬ԲΪ֮϶ܿסޡȻе޼˴񣬶ʱ¶һ˿֣ȴȻȥڴʱе׵ȻѸپ£γһ޴׵Ȼǵ׵Ȼһ˿ֵĹ⣬Ȼ޳ڵķӴܶȥ
ɽҲ漴Ⱥʿ޵ķ
ʱ޳༧̧ͷȥͻȻһϢܵǿʵ޳˲ͷһӾ˹ȥӾסޣ޳漴ӦϴǿϹ޹϶Ϣͷһʱ༧еĺɫ̽óһƬӰȻ˹ȥͼ˫˫˺󣬷һȥ
ϣдһȣɽֱ˹


1909 Ե
ɽ汳ôȻŶݺȥǴĿһֱޣȻһ˿ӭźݺҧȥʱ޳༧˵ĹҲסޣĸһκζǿ¾ڸҲҪСӦֻǻȻһͽĸ˵ǿ󹥻ˡ
ɽɵǰȻ˫ƳһɫѸʹȥʱ޳Ҳڸǰʶ̽ȥֻɽ淢ʶɲ⣬ƺ޾ǵȥȻη壬ԱӴܶȥɽ죬˲׷ȥһȥ޷ŭ˻ƴȴӲѡʱ޳߶һްȥƾŸӦޱȣ࣬Ҳԥس
ȻɽĴƵˣ޳Ĺȥȴ׾ͱƿˡһת׺ݵ޳
ϣݵˡ
޳Сġɽ༧æȡڴʱεЩʿҲ׷˹
ɽ棬һȥɡһմ˹漴ֻǶεͳ߻ȻɽץȥʿҲҷ׷ɽϴȥ
޳ʱΣޱŭˣȻһǿ쫷˲ƿıӣҧͷ޳۷ʵȻ˿赲ס˲ͷͱɨѪӿž޴׵׼һιۼ޳ˣ༧Ȼȣɫ̽ûٿڣȻ޴ȥ༧ڵõѩ޾˺һЩа챦⼸Ѿ˺ܴɫ̽ΧӴĺڰϢŴݻһеİԵȥȴֻǻһͬǿʱɫ̽ķ˳ȥܺƿ༧޳ȫһ޵ʵǿ˿µز
ȻӦ޳༧ȴɽͿ׵繥η壬ҵֿӴܳȥ
ʱе߻ȻһȣһʱϷһɵȥһȣ߻Ȼ߶ΧʱȻһɫĽӰӰɽ㽫еɽ档ͼӰ΢΢·һ޴ɽȻɽѹ¡
Ľ޳һԭΪǽСţҳݣȴûϵ߻ʹǽȻôǿɽѹȥʱɽӶ棬˿Ӱ߻ֵͬʱЩʿȫ̧ͣͷпȥ߻Ƕεͳ죬Ϊֻڵһɽ֮£һ֣˱ͣš
ʱɽ¶棬Ȼݺݵ޳պ޳ղŵĹɱ޳ߡ༧һҪѾˡ޳Χķᾧ˲䱻һƿǧһ֮ʣȻ䣬޳긮кսһһڹϳ˳ȥ
սꪸӦˡ֮ǰÿζǺսꪸӦΣͻᷢӦ޳ѾΣķʱսꪸӦˡ
һǿٵľ޴˲޳еĺսꪷڹ⻮գȻشϡղŻɵ漴һֵ˻Ӵܡ
սϹħ޲TϹŵһױ޵ǿǰ޶ʱ¶ɫͼӴܡǴ˿޳ôӴܵĻᣬȻӶսꪽŴ˹ȥ׵ƺܵ˸Ӧ漴۳һǿİɫ·޹ȥ׵֮ʵֻѱûҷˡ
ʱڽӰɽͻȻ屬˲ܳؽɽȻһץץޡ
һԱɣ˲ȴɲƽʱǿٱɽԱ壬ƴűƽʱǿٱ˲ƿɽץȥʱϵǵ׵Ҳúϣǿ˲˺ֻһȻ޳壬漴˼ž
Ұţƺˣ˵Ŀⶼ޳
ͼһɻ󣬻ûô£Ϊһж̫ˣɽԱյǵ׵ͬʱ漴޻ҷˡֻ߻޳༧ĸֲ׷ʲô¡
ɽԱȻ׵˲˺ޣͬʱɽһ˿޵ڵע޳ڡɽ֪޶㲻׵һޱ׵ɱڵǻʿԲŹעһԱ彫ڵ޳˶סˣû뵽Ľ
֣ղǡͼȻؿ޳ɻʵ
ʱ޳ڣ޵ڵڻ꺣ϿգΧİɫԴԴϵӿȥͼںڵڵ漴Ӧ˲ԭˣڵѸӿһǿȥ
༧Σ޳һˣղʵ죬ڵȻҲڣֻҪ޳ڵʵȻиղ¡漴༧ͽŵؿЩʿػ޳Աߡ
ʱЩʿȫĿɿڴڣǶεͳ˷ѾĻץΪһȴϱɽƻʱɽһ޵ڵҲ޳õʱнʿؿ޳зƵĹ⡣ֻͻȻÿϣһʱסˡ
εͳ߻޳һãȻΪô˺Χɽɣץ޻ȥȴû뵫ɽͻУڵ޳õų޳ϥ£ĿЩȻ֪޳ڵŭʣζӿ߻ʱ¶ãȻ֮ɫʱ޳ڣڵǿҵطȹȥǿķʹξҵض֮ľ޴ʹʹҧסء
߻ؿ޳пٵ㣬ʵڲľŹ޳ǴʱڵѾ޳ɣҲûа취ˡĿǿԶͼʱͼҲ׹һȻؿ޳Ҳ漴ʦ߻Ŀ￴߻ɱ֪߻겻ˣ˴ʱмʱΪˡʦ߻޳ͻ˶֪ôˡ
ʦ֡ͼΪ˺ˬһɻ
ţ߻Ŀ˲޳༧ɨղŰѾ鿴ˣ޳ʵӦǽӽ򣬶Ǹ༧޳㡣ĽʿɶǶֻ֣Ҫ£Щ˾ͻӼϡ޳༧ͷҲߡ䣬߻һ΢΢¶һ˿ɱЩʿ漴Ҳˡ


1910 ںڵ
ʱ޳һɱ䣬Ϲڵ̺ǿھҵطɹȥڵӿֳһ޳Ӵͼȥںڵ֮ǰ޳һս֮ϻ֮õ޴ߣڵʵ۷ˡʱǶɢǿİ׹סڵھҶԿ޳Ѿ亹ܣվڵûôʵ̫ˡ
εĽʿ׷׿߻ȴľϣ⺱ڵȥ޳ϣЩʿǸּޣ޲޳˺ˡ
߻ɫ粻ؿ޳ɱľ޳ǱϾѾˣɱ޳Ҳòڵˡкŭѣȴһʱ޷Ƿ֡ͼ߻ƽӹͬʦܸû
༧ŵؿ߻ˣΨǳ޳޷˼֣ͼһۣһš
߻ʦ֡ͼŵؽһ
߻Ŀɨͼ⣬ߵͼʦܣкμ̣
ǸλֶҺʦо֮ʦ֡ͼЩ͵˵
ߣ߻һ漴Ŀɨ޳༧ֻ޳ͷʹࡣ֪ؼʱ̣ȻԼʱɱ޳Ҳòڵˡ˷ߺ֮⣬ôȻһһԲŻس̶ȥ漴ЩʿҲݺݵ޳һۣȥ
༧һͼ˵ղŶлˡ߻֮ûг֣Ҳʦһˡ
ʱ޳ڣڵڸܵǿںϺȻһɫ⻪ڵɢȻ޳ιȥ޴˲ѹס޳·һɳˮ֮ȫӿ룬ǹ֮޳еػȻɫһ䣬ȫ졣ĿиһѪ
޳
ֵܡ
༧ͼͬʱŵؿ޳޳ղŵӾܵػ༧ͼȻеģȴް취༧漴һע޳ǹעֻһӴ󷴻ӿ༧Ƶˡ
ֵôˣͼʧɫʵȻֺ֪ڵͬСɣһܳɹڵɹȥͻ⵽ػ༧ͬʱ޳ǹѾѸȫͬشȻѪ죬˫۸ðѪ˿ͬħԱߵ༧ŵɫ԰ס˭ڵ̫ǿɹȥ޳Ѿܲסˡ
޳ǧͦס༧ԥһ޳עȥ͸ղһ漴㱻ڵ֮ˡ޳ͷɫɫڵռϷ磬ڷ񹥻ǶǶʱҲȥˡвһҡҡλΡʱ޳Ѿؼʱ̣ڵ֮ɣڵıԪѾ𽥿ݽߣһԪݽߣͽž޴Σա
༧ô죬ֵܿסˡͼŵ˵
༧Ҳǽ֣ڵ̫ǿˣƾǵﲻ޳ҧ˵ɽ溦޳ղŵΣɽƴڵ޳ǲԸ߻˵õ־Եǿģɽȴû뵽޳ѹƲסڵẦ
ֻʱ޳ؽҧȫ죬ѾΣʱ̣ڵǶֻʣһ⻪ٹһǶݽ޳͵ƺľɣԪľݽߣҲ޷ָĻҷһϹ񼶱Ȼ˵ͬ治𣬵һԪľݽߣʹʵҲҷϹսЩ䶼
޳֮ʱȻڻ긮еĺս˷Ӧս񱻻ѵħһȻѣ漴Ӻս洫һǿڵӿȥһɾ޴ӿ޳Ԫ˲ˡսϱ̺Ϲħ޲T޶壬ǿȥڵˡ漴޳ǹɫϵʧһϸע޳ڣǶҪݽߵ˲
޳ͷɫ֮ѸٱǲȻûһӡһǿʶȻ޳巢ɢȥܶؽǿߣظоһɹӿ˹
ʱ༧ͼ˾㵵ؿ޳ı仯˲䶼еһϲ޳ںڵˣʵ˾޴仯ֻ΢΢һüͷ˶ȥӦƸģ˷ǳϸÿǧвѡһ޳ʵ죬ȻǾ˻ᣬһϲ
޳ͻȻЦںڵɹˡʱ޳ڸеδйʣһӴӿƺһ̧־ܴݻһɽ
༧ͻˡ޳˷ܵ˵༧Ȼȥ޳ΧӰɵɻ˵޳ôӰ޳ͻڣҲӰְ༧һ˵޳ŷ֣ҲŪӰôֵġ漴˾뵽ˣ϶ողڵųֵġ
ֵܣϲںڵͼ߹ЦǺ˵ԺˬΪ޳ȹԵʵ޳ˡ
Ǻǣллֺʦ֡޳˵޳ںڵʱʵҲ쳣ˡ˵䣬޳ǵӰʧˡ
ף޳㱳Ӱʧˡ༧һֱעؿ޳Ȼ˵ȫ֪ǵӰʲôԭΪ޳ͻƵҲḡӰ漴Ǽ˾ͻص˿ջõ޵ڵ޳ȴ޵ֶ֪Ҳ֪ɽΪλһɻ󡣲¿Ѿ֪ˣ֪
ǶĻǰѾ޳¶ҩǵö治ˣ޳鷳ˡ뵽޳ʹͼһˣȥʦ߻̽Ϣ
ͼ˲ã޳༧ڷȻεǹȥ
Ƕε˵޳εͳ㡣
εͳˣ޳һ˲׹Ȼ鷳Լոջε˾ˡʵ죬ڵǺⶼεͳ˿϶ǲģԼ鷳ˡε룬޳ȻΥ±༧ǽʿȥ
򲻴͵˶εεǻʳʵȨҪǸۡռ˰֣źԶнʿѲӡ
ⶼεôɰ༧̲סֹ˵ǰլ༧˵ǵһμ


1911 
ǺǣλǵһǰɣⶼεǺʹȨ൱ҪţȻͬ졣ǽʿ༧˵˵
һֱ߽棬ֻ̨ͤ¥ɽͨģɣһ֮޳༧һ·ߣģֻΧ˱ʿ϶ɢʶȻ֣һ·ȥ֪жֲ֡ĴѹֻǻʳҪ
ʱǽʿߵһſڣ˽ȥ
һȥֻͤӣԱһ˿̺һˡǺɢһ˾η֮һ֪һˡʱѾǻƻ裬ͤһȦֻЩȴȫǰɫɷ
ͳˣ޳ˡǽʿ˵漴˳ȥ
ʱǺȻתͷں¶һԱĿ⣬·һǴĿ̺ѹͨһҪ¡޳༧ҲǷ֮񣬿Ϳ˵ͳˡ
šͳ˺һĿȻ޳ϣҪ͸ĵסʱ޳漴ܵһǿʶӿڵһʱȻʶܹˣ֮ǰ޳ڶϸܵ˿Ȼӵ󡣿ͳ˵ʵҲˡ
޳аɻʱͳ漴תͷǰĺ棬˵޳ں޵ڵˣʵڸղŵһ۲޳ϵӰѾ֪޳Բںڵˡиʵ
޳˵ͷǿĴǰȻ֪޷
޳֪ںϵڵ޵Ƕεͳ˵ʵ
޳Ҳһɻ󣬱˵Ҳ󡣡
ţðɣҸ㡣޽ޡϹޣҲҶε֮Ҳ·Уȴû뵽ɽ澹Ȼ͵͵ƻ̨
ͳȻ˵ĺƽ޳༧һ𣬾ȻǶεޣȴΪֱɽأ
ʱͳȻźзһǿ漴ֻǺ漴һɫӰӣϷˮУ֡޳༧Ȼһ༧ϳǺӰӺ޳֮ǰֵһģһ
޳ҵµҲͲˡұԪöߺһͿҪɹˡȴû뵽ɽ澹ȻΥ͵͵ޡ
̾Ϣһ˵ޱײУɽӳȴ빥ҵһʱ죬ȻԪɽ֪´׷ɱȥ벻ԵɺںڵȴϣⰡͳ˵ţס쳤̾ϢޱڶεѾֻ꣬Ϊһʱ̰ĲŶ̰ģԪϡ㾡ȴȻɽƻʱ뵽ɽ棬˺֮ǣɽ漴ʹҲ̸Ѷε׷ɱ
ڴʱ˵꣬޳༧ˡһ̫ˣѾȻеõں޵ڵݻԵǧѷꡣһϲӿ漴޳༧ͽˡΪʱͻȻɢһǿϢӰɢΧռһǿѹ˻ת˵СӣȻԵûˣҪҵᡣһ仰ڣֻΧûٸ˲ɢΧס޳༧
áͬʱ޳༧漴ӴܡǸӦ˾ͲܶԸġʱ˼ʹȫӴܡ˵ٶ̫ˣ޳༧Ӹһǰһ漴ͿʮӰͬʱϴ޳Χ˲ðһγɷᾧס༧༧ĺɫ̽ҲȻûٿӰӹȥ
޳ǰķᾧ˲ɢһƴ༧ϣ˸޷÷˳ȥ
ɳͬʱ˵ķҲ˲˷Ӱӡ޳һԼ༧ӲһˡȻ긮̽飬սꪾȻ˿ûзӦֻþȫϻ֮ɫȥͷ·һ΢ף漴ЩӰӾȻɫ湥˹޳ʧɫȫѹԵʵϻ֮赲סԼ޷ֿ
Ӱ˲˳ȥ޳µأ˿дѪɫ԰ףػվȡ޳ܵصһιǰʵ۷壬
޳༧һۿҪҷ𣬺Ȼһᣬ漴ͬʱ䵽ͤ档
СӣҿɲԸôȥҵڵԺҪңҪǲԸھɱǡ˵ָֻԭ
޳༧δжһ¡ղһ֮£˿¾ͻҷˡ޳ȴ漴һᶨĹ⣬˵ͳˣ㣬ˡѴ㻹ɱҰɡ
޳༧ȻԸһˣĿж¶ᶨɫ漴༧һ˿ῴ޳ͷ༧Ů˵ı¶ɡΪ޳ȥ༧Ҳԥ
༧ˡܵ༧Ŀమ⣬޳һȣס༧˵ش༧ӽؿѾ׼
ͳ΢΢һ㵣޳༧ƺһ̣˿ǰһĻ¡漴һ˿ů˲ƻ̧һѹ޳༧ѹȥ
ߣ֪СӣȻִԲҾȥɡȻ߶һɫȥڰɫХ޳һ̽ȥǺսꪻǺ޷ӦʱȻ༧ֻ
ʱͻȻһЦ洫漴˽ܾˡ
ӡ޳༧˵ߵ˸ǰ˵ס
ţ뵭һ漴һξʧˡ
޳༧վȻؿţ˵ܾˣղżҸֻ̽һֵʵ⣬ּ¡ڼҸ˵ڶεµȴǾ񸮻̸ɡ
޳༧Ͷһۣһ벻ɱ̣޳֮ǰȷ˶ҩֻ½Ӿ񸮻޳ӦڶεͻᱻҪЮʱӹһ٣޳漴Ҳˡ
ʵӣʲôʱȻѾӦˣ޳ʱֻ
һЦ˵ڸб¾Ʋ˸λѹλ롣


1912 ֮ŭ
˵ʱ䣬޳༧ղܵѾظˣ˱ŶǰȥǶܺãһ·˵Ц޳ȴ
ߵһԺӣֻ¥ѾںþϯЦ롣ϵ¥£޳Ҳźһ֣ס°ɣǵİѾȡˡ
޳΢΢һȻ׶⣬ڲ֪˾񸮵£õڵε϶ԼӹȥӶεûнҩͻᶾǶԺ£ȻģҲطϡһȣֻһʿ˽˵ӣֵܵסźˡһЦʿ޳༧ǰ
һǽʿ޳༧쵽סȥȻǵİ档ϸ鿴ûжĺۼ⵹޳Զ࿴
޳༧ס˶εÿʿþƺòˣ޳ͼڶͬǰ̸ε䱸ɭϣʿЩʿǿߡȻû˵ʵ޳༧ѾˡÿֻסߣԶĵطʿ
޳⣬ںڵҪһ̾磬༧õһЩ챦ϲ֣ҲóûͼżǶ˺ûдŹǡ
һգ޳༧ڷͻȻһɵʶԼķ̽漴һ˵༧ˡεЩʿȻ֣ȴȥ޳༧˸ʶ̽顣Ҫ֪ǲ֪ŶʵĴڣ˭ıӵҲ̽顣༧漴Ҳɶǿߣһܴ⡣
޳һͻȻ
ϳ׷ӣǰһ˫Ŀ⿴޳ڵʯǸ׷ĿƺҪ͸ǡ
Ŷ޳һݣһʯʶ߲ơϴڰ޳Ǻݺݽѵһ٣ڶǰ档
Ŷڵʯϣ֪к£༧ݣ˵Ȼ֪߲ƣǰȴδġڵľѧץҲûκε޳
ʯϼѿس鴤һ£˵޳ΪңھûˣʦԳ㳢צֵû䣬ŵʱ޿̲ڿʯҲεĵһӣ޳Ŷʯ˵ܴ衣޳뿪ʯ͸ϻλʦͼӴ޳ţλʦ¹˺ŭ˰ʯʹһ˸ŭɶԸҪ޳Ϊ
ڵˣ޳΢΢һ֮ǰѾͼ˵ڵλ֡¹׺ˣ˶۷֣¹˸Իû׺׶ȴûʲôر֮
ʯһŭȵ޳ʦͬд裬εҲ治ˡűܰɡЩ֮Ϊ磬õͬд軥ѧϰʹεҲܸ档˿޳Ȼûд裬üͷ΢΢һ壬༧⡣
ŶҪ޳д裿༧ЦҿڵצҲϡƽʦֶѧղҪͷҲˣڿɾͳˡ༧ݣ˵֪Ѷˡ
ڴʱܵʿˣӰƶǵȻǺ棬ʲô˾εд裿ϳڵˣȻû䣬˵ȴպԸĸǿȫӿ˹
кϷˣڵôһСս
֣֣֪С˭ҲʵС

ܵİգۼ˼ʮ֣׷׵ˡ޳סΪ氵нûŹЩǿȴ֪޳ʱһ첻ѡ
ڴʱʯ˵ˣ޳ɲһζɵСģԹϴڶӵϣҾŹ㡣һ˵ѾɱȻͬд裬һ޷Ԥϣο˰˾޳ġ
ˣ˻Ӻ˵Һʯϲᣬѹȥж֤֪ǰδԣ˿޳ȻԸ˶֣á
İ׷ȵ޳ڳԣȻ˵ŲһеӶǾҷÿСӡҵҪ̸¸С
Ŷˣ޳û˵ŲһеӶǾҷ޳΢΢˵
ʱԱߵʯΨ¶֪ǹ޳˵ЩȻһ˿ЦȻһצ޳ץȥʱʯˣ޳Ժôڶε
ʯΪֹ޳ͣһ³־ʦžѧצ֡Ȼǰܳһ˻˻еͷȻ޳ץȥͷ˲͵޳ǰһſѪڵȻҧȥצŵľѧ֮Դ۳ΣķšŰǰƾץֺͻƶŲʹʯʵץҲǺԹ۵Щǿ߶һݡ
ץϮͬʱ޳һ³ʯʵƭˣһŭʯ߶ȫһͷȥһȫ޳ŭ֮ҪʯܵѵǵӾסͷȻһ˺漴ʯ˵Ŀⶼˡ˿̵޳ʵ۷壬ԸŽӽʯ˺˺׶ͷ˲ͱ˺ѣҷˡ
һƬţ·ˣ˺ͷ֮˳һʯ˳ȥ
һȡʤ֮ǰ޳ûʵںڵʵѾ֮ˡ
һ˿㵣ղǵʶ̽У޳ڡʯʵӽ򣬸޴ץ֣ȻֻһоͰˡܵ죬ȫӦǰʯҲˡ
޳㡭ƺһȻΧһͷ˳˿ɢ׹⣬ͷ׹ɡղʯץֻԼԼ˴˿ΧͷȴʵʣоһͷҡͷβȻԾһɷǰܻɢȥ
צ֡
ܴһƬצ֡˿޳Ҳ۾ŵضǰɵͷ


1913 ж
ֻǻֵͷȻϿ漴޳Ȼ¡εնʱ޴ͷӰ֣Ǿ޴ʹеǿ߶˾ľѧצ֡ӵ۷ʵʹ֪ʯǿ˶ٱ·ܻһ㡣
ʱ޳ҲˣȻһղŵ֮һɨ⣬긮ڵĺսзӦˣսȻԾ漴һӴۻ޳ϳսꪳˣ˲һڹȻգձ˺ˡʱͷҲ漴һȻɢֻһգۣһɢͷѸٻϣ¾£ڿС
֮ǰ޳ĺս֣ꪳǴʧ֣һȴûֹںսֵꪳ˲ǵڹľ޴֪ԷеһҲжϳ޳ʵѾڣѹʯһбܡ
޳ʲôһ˿㵣ֹͣʵ
ŶһƱѵ˸Ȥ𣿡޳漴Ҳջ˵ʵǿȻԸƾˡ
һ⣬źսꪽ˼Ǵꪲ򵥣ʱȴѾЩǿߵľ
Ϲ֣ʲô̫Եˡ
ѵϹսꪡ
սôС

ܶʱǰ˽ڴʱھⶫУεͳ̧ͷ޳ڵķΨһ¶һ˿ɻ
֣սôС
״ˡ󶫷Ҳһ㵡
˲ȻǺսꪣСӾͲ֮ǰôˣǵ鱨׼ȷ
棬µ޵ģսôᵽģԺǶ޳ҪСˡ˵
ǣ״ˡ
漴˳ڷӣɢͬɷ˵кηԸ
ţ΢΢ü˵ȥսô޳еġ
ǡǿߴӦһתȥ漴ȥ
ʱҲǰȻǺսꪣǿϹµױ漴һɲ޳ܵõôǿĪ޳ĳλ񼶱ɽ뵽жʱһղŵǿʤ֮ĵȻ޴档ڷŭҲ֪񼶱Ǻε壬˲õ
ʱһΪѣ֪Էʵǿ󣬶ұпܻɽٲҲòˡ漴˰һǻŭתʯ
ʯΪβкսꪣ
ʱʯҲˣΪ޳ʤֻǽңսһ֣޳ʵǿĵزɫҰܣȻڵͷȻŭģҲ֪¹ŰΣ
޳Ȼ֪ʯΣ΢΢һЦ˵ˣҿⶼᣬµţץǿ¸ʰ·硣
⻰˵еǿ߶е˾ȣΪղ޳û·磬޳սꪣô䣿
ɫǺ죬ΪʦӣȴûϵԷȻɲ⣬Է·ȴԸ䣬ǸһӣٺͿҲ֪ʱµ֮١
޳¾ʹһʹڽˡպҪڳģƴǡ˵˵ԷȻӣ˵Ȼ顣
޳΢΢˿˻ǣû껹ܲȷʵв֮ɸΪ񲯣ܽһѣ޳Ȼиˣ΢Ц˵ˣǵˣͬһ
˹ЦãǾ͹ˡ˹һЦʱ֮䲻һɨ⡣Ľύ޳ҲƳپ߽Сʯˡʱнʿ˾Ʋˣ޳˾ڷк
̸ֹΪˬ죬ʱ˶֪ʯΣнȫ̸ֱȵڣ˲ȥһս޳ֶߣֻ˭֪
۹ȥ࣬ҹ޳ڷȻ롣޳һ֪϶ǶҪжˣȥ༧УڶεҲǶֶ֮һ޳༧Ըһǽʿ򶫷סȥ
ʱѾҹεһƬڰУżжƻһ㾲š޳ʶ΢һ̽Ͳ֪жְΧεȨܴǻʳҪƾͷͬһ㡣
ʱڶסһУƻ
ǰĸŶ棬վһ£ͷߵǿߣϰˡ
Ǿ񸮣ϾӷȣĵҲҶԿӣ˲ŰͼıΪ˲©Ϣ˱ÿ˶¶ҩҪ˴ƵߣҪ֪һϢ©˾ͬıȻͬСɡ
һһʿ޳˽ʱ޳ϱŴߣֻ¶һ˫۾ϰٸǿ߷ѹʹҶһɿµɷ⡣
ţܺá˵
ϰٸ˶ϱţÿ˶ʶԷ˴ĿжȻΪЩ˺޳һǴļģ˶˭Ҳ֪˴˵ϸ
ÿ˶бţԱųƺסǵһš˵޳Ա߿ȥֻԱÿ϶ӡűţǵֶţŶ治һ
ͣÿ΢Ϣһ㡣
漴˵ֶĺŸ𱣻ңһ飬
漴˳ȥ޳һ˿ûϵ澹ȻԼ漴ǵֶĺżҲű˴Ͷ̽ѯĿ⣬ܱ氲ű϶ʵһ㡣޳֪Ҳһսսꪳ־˶棬ʹʶʵжһŵĻ־޳
ҹĻУϰٸĳ˶εŶ淽ȥ
ڴ˿̣һѾڹʶ⵱ȻǶ氲ŵĵɽ֮ơʶȥˣһֻܳ˶ǡ
ҹĻ˶ǺһƬڰҹǹⶼˣֲָϰһ飬ֳʮСɢ״ǰСÿ˶Աߵͬ飬ʱ޳ȴڶĸֺŶ棬źڰзСõ鱨ӵ˽ҹжˣǱںҵǾ񸮡
һ棬ҷ̽·ڰд
һǿߺԥҷȥֶǰһŵλá


1914 Ұų
һа˱ʱѾһƬҰϣ޳ܿȥȴϲҰλáͻȻǰһ鷢˾䣬ϰ漴Ϣطڵϣǰҹգһө֮⣬žͲһʶǰ̽ϢҲҳ
ǰҹղʶ̽Ȼ֪жǿھ䣬һղȥ̽һ黹ûл޳һָɻʾǰȥӦ޳һݣֺŻһۣȻڰпȴԼܸӦ˫ɱ漴ĵǰȥ
ө֮⿴ƺܽʵϷɹȥŷԶԼǰһˣ޳һɷ˹ȥʱһǿڵסϢŵع۲ǰ档
Ұϣһ޴ķǳأ֪ǰ죬߲ưܻ˹·𾭹˼ųǳ̺ĻҰƽʱżɽ·Իû˭Ҳ벻ǳؾȻһ޴ܡ
ڴʱө֮ҫ£Լܿǳʮҹ˵ӰѲߣǳʮҹѲߡ
Ȼ΢һϰٸķ˹Ұھ̫ԶЩڸʲô΢΢üͷп˼ӴӵѾĶˣһӵ˽񸮣λ챦϶ᱻЩûǸںȥҲʲôò뵽䣬һ˿ɱȻҲ͹˲ùôˣȻ˷һ׼
ǵ˶һ֪ϲòˡԷǴӵˣȻ¶ˡôΪ˲¶Ψһİ취ֻȫɱӵˡ̼䣬ϰٸж뵽һ㣬ɱÿ˲𡣴˿̾һ棬ȫԵһ©֮㡣
ڳǳΧѲߵҲʮ֣ҴɢĵϢܸӦ򼶱һɱʮ򼶱֣ϰٸҲаģҪǱһɱ֮Է䣬˾鷳ˡһļžУÿжھɲ
˿̶еɱԽԽңΪԽȥζȥ񸮵˿Ѿû䱦ٵˣȻ˾ģ漴˷ȫ׼
ڴ˿̣޳Ҳڽ˼ȻϰˣԷȫ֣һ˲ɱԷȻӳȥ±ţԾԲ³ç¡Ѿ޳ͻȻֹ漴Ŷһʾ⣬˼˵ͷ
Ȼ޳߷𣬹ⷢԶųǳϵЩ漴ӰȻ߷׷ȥ
ʱϰ˶޳ڵɽʾ⣬ʮӰȻǴӳǳسļ˰Χȥ
ǵİΧ֮Уż˲䱻ɱ
棬ٹˡ
ǳʣ߰˸ǿ߷Сϧ˿ͰٹѾҷˡ
ô£ٹˣ˴
漴ʣǼ־һͰٹǵķȥǵȴȻǵĽɱǳֻʣˡʱһɲԤÿͷ
棬
ãһǿ˲죬漴ǳȥ˿ѾˡʮȻ˲ɱЩ򼶱ĸֶԾ֮£˲ɱĻҰ϶ʱһŨҵѪϢ
漴ʾʮ棬ųǳȥ
ųǳأԶĶ³ǽ⣬յأԭտмϳһ¶ڡ
޳Щȴ֪ųǳΧܣӵҲǷ˺ܶĻҹƳΧһ¶ڡȲؽȥȥˣֻʮ
ҹīųǳȷŨŨһ漴Ŷ˽ȥ޳ֺǿ߽ȫʱ׼֡
Ƕڽȥһһ̨ףڳԼϢһžʶ̽ȥʯ󺣣Ҹ˶ȵطԼɢʶʧˣƺⶴϢáȴò±ӵĲˡ
ǰһֻǰȻһǰһ޴ܶ
СΪܶؽ磬ΪҰ鲼ܶû˾棬ǰܶһ
ʱǰܶȫȻγɵģ˴ĶһԼܿˮεиֳһͷ֡ͷ׶Ŀģ˵սľ
һ˿ⶴеǿߵϢ޷ʶ̽飬ȵһţδ֪Ҳ֪ӵ϶Ըðգһ̽·һǿԥȥȻ֪һأҲΥЩ˱ƺ¶ڶϣﲻԸ⣬Ҳûа취
Ӱವһ򶴿ڴȥڴʱڵȻһǣ˳޴ͷȻ˹׺ݵһھҧסǿߣǿӦ˲ͻҷˡһǿȫ˻ȥ
˶кȻ־ȻͱɱˣǶͷֻϹһ˿ѣһ˿ûͷɱǿߣȷʵǺš
Ȼϰжһ׶༪٣ǿǰ˲һĻ̲סʧɫ
ֶţϡʱǺԥغȵ
ൢһӣ˵ǴӵѾѶ챦һգȻںЩＴʹҲһսʿ
ֶǿߴʱһ˿η壬ȴɵŶڷȥÿ˶ȫɻ֣ͼͷǺһһͷ˲ɱһ֣˻
šһ˿Ȼȵһţֶţϡ޳Ȼһʶ氲ĸ˻϶ģƴˡ
޳긮Уս΢΢ӦղһĺսꪾԾһûжȻҳ֣ʱսꪶȻԾУһڹ⻮ͷȻͷѸɢΪˡ
ͬʱ޳͵һŶѾ˶СֺŽ룬һವش˽ȥ


1915 Сǧ
ڽ붴˲䣬޳Ѿɢ֮ƾؿܣ˻ྯ䣬һ֮¡ǰһ޴޳ıⴹ£ÿֻ֮ߣһۿȥ޴ݺύ޾Щʱɢǿ͵Χռ
ʱϰٸȫ룬ںȻϢغˡ
Ŷһ˿ɻЩӦһƿܽȥ档һס¾޷ˡ޴ɢǿҵĹϚϢ
ӣ鷳һ˵˵ղǷ˵ʶֲһɲٵıӵ˲Ըҳʵ
濴ǰһɡȻλϹ϶ǿ󣬿׺ƿһǾ鷳ˣ˵춴е챦Ҳˡ˿Ҳɲԥˣϲò䶫˵ֺʮ˽󣬾˾䡣
ǵֺʮӦһವзȥλϹ£Ψ˴ûܹߣԻȥˣʹ·
ڴʱǾ޴ʮӴӵһˣǴһˡӴ˴δ˽ˣƽʱȥһˣֻʣʮǿ˽ȴС
ɽ棬Ǳˡʵ
һ˱Ѿܾˣÿ˶ƣۣʱϥеϢָ
ʻһòªĺ췢漴˵شӣѾʱˡ
Ŷһһ˿˵ʱǾмʱˣǲˣϿ취ȥ
ضϹһ¶϶кܶǿǰ죬ֻڰܽСӷض𣬴ӾͰнУƽΧȻȺʮˣܽȥѾֵˡȴû뵽ᱻ
濴Щ⻹ֱܷ𣬿һͻֱָᷢ治ܣ浽һɵÿнһоǿ谭ͬڿߣ粽Сʱߵʮȫ۷ǿߣȴ˿벻취
ӣⶴǷʶ޷Χ̽飬ӦϹСղ˵Ǹɽ˵ֻҪҵڴ󡣡
ǸԶ˹Χ̽飬ҵڡ
ҧأݺ˵ʱ䲻ٵȥˣǰȥ档ʮӶȻͼһ˿ʶȥ̽Χǵʶһȴͬʯ󺣣Ӧ
ɽиǽ֣ɽǴµһ֣ʵӽʳҲڣʵȻıȻ䣬ɽִ߶ȫʶܳȥǹǿʶ漴Ϣաɽּŭ
ʱɽȻһ˿ɻΪƺӦһ˿΢Ĵ仯ܵİȻ·ƽĺͶһʯӡѹ£ֻһ˿΢ķӦֻʵɽˣ㵵ؿܡ
ɽ棬ôˣӲɽı仯ȻʵɽΧ仯˵֣Ҳˡ
漴ЩҲӦһ˿΢ĴӦȫȻ̧ͷšȷڷ΢仯һǶ뵽Ϊ˴ˡ
ʱɳֺʮҲУеĴµʮˣϰִɢǿϢһֻϹһ˿ٻѹסһ࣬ʱ˿ѹƲסˡе֮ı仯еİɢˡ
һɢЩȫسǰжһϲֳÿϵ˺ܿЩ򼶱֣Ȼֱ֮ܺܿסǣΪЩڰֱ治תתȥת˻ȥʱֱܷʮɢ̽ȥ
ʱţϰֳȥеҲʧˡ
ϰַϢֻǴʱе˻Щ˰ʱ֧ŲסˡЩ޴ѸڻǰһС硣
ʱǰֳһȫܶؽ粻ͬС硣ӵ˺Ͷ˷ֱط
ףʲôطȻؿţ漴Ȼ˵ǰһ޴ɽɽƣ϶ˡ洫һɵǿ֮
ӣϹ񴴽С磬ССɽ浭˵ʵӽȻҲִСķţ׾ٵġ򼶱ĸ֣ȴͷһؼʱһ㵵Ŵ졣ȻܹһС磬ǰһкȫһɽҰũֱһ硣
񴴽С磿ɻʵΪʳȨƵļˣȻ֪ⴴСЩ˵׾١
ɽͷĿԶ̽ȥȻ˵ˡ
䣬ֻԶлһʺ磬˲͵˸ǰǵʺϺȻվһȺˡ
˾ȻԦʺУ˶һʱǵʺҲ˸ǰֻʺȺŮԵɷ磬̬
˿ǲʺһָ·Ĵӵ˵ЩǲҲȥݷ˵ģ
Ŷƣ־ȻûмЩˣ廤ȥʣҲҲһͬС˵һ׷Ůӣģֻͷ׷ʾ³
漴ֻǵʺڿͣסһ׷ӷ
ɽһݣȻǰһס˴ӣȫǷӿȥ
ǰ׷µأ΢Ц˹˵Ӧڵıˣ֪λǸţǲҲҪȥףٵ
ٵɽһ㵣Էƺûж⣬Ҳ漴һЦ˵ǳ˵أʵڲ֪ˣ֪¿ɷ֪
ʲôǾȻ֪ٵǱ˶ʱɴ۾һ㵵ؿɽ档Ȼ˻᲻֪ٵǱֹȫȻˡ


1916 
ɽһȻ֪Ǻһ΢Ц˵ԭǱˣҵڵӣһƧһʵڲ֪ˣ˵֪ǱһȻ˵ôڣôû˵ţʲôط
ɽҲں䣬Ǳһɣ˵ֻ֪ݼо꣬ҵӦڣȴһꣿ
ɽһݣԭǰСпݼ磬оꡣǱλھ֮һӦ꣬ں߳һȴ֪ЩšΪ֮ʣڴʱϿǵʺǸ׷Ůӵ˵廤Ȼ˲Ը˵ǿǿԸͬУһȥݷˡ
ǰ׷ŮӴʱõʶ̽ȥɽʵǿȻ֪ȴ£֮ģݼȻ־꣬˴֮ȴɱǿʵʱп֮ġ
Ӧһ漴˼Ҳ㲻̽ʣ΢Цɽ˵ǾȻ֪ˣǺܾûдˡҿݼһߣҿݼţǳ£ڿ϶Ҳˣÿٵǿݼʢ£ŶҪǰ١֡ǾȻ֪ˣǱȻĻûȥȴ֣̲סʵ
Ŷԭˣɽһ漴Ŀ㿴ӣӲһȺ˵죬ɲ
ʱӺЩǿһжɻƿ漴С磬Ϲ챦ûг֣ǳһĻ⾿ʲôӴʱɻȫ֪ˡ
漴Ӿ˾ȻС磬Ծȥô¡뵽ӺһʾɽӦɽʱҲں񴴽С羿ʲôӣ漴΢Ц˵ãԸ͹һȥݷˣֻűˣȫ֪ϸ֪
˵Ǳ˼ǴӦҲ¶΢Ц˵ǵĲʺϣһͬУҲøϸΣ
漴˵ͷȻ˹룬ʣµȴǶǿߡȫõġǲʺϰ׷ŮӼǴӦ¶΢ЦһϵĴӵ˾ͬǱһţƮƮط˿еĲʺ档ǵʺ㼫ǰľ޴ɽȥ漴˱ϸݼԭݼѾ꣬Ⱥλˣһλʱʧܻҷ𣬵ڶλʧ٣ĵλˣҲˣѾǧˡ
ݼû棬жŷֵضΣַһС׾ͳһ˲þݼ˾ϵȨߣӵ˵ɱȨÿٵֻ׻ʱڿݼ磬֪ˣ±˻Ϊɵӡ
ˣǺ˱˵ɽʹӵ˶÷˼ôһС羹ȻһͳΣ˶²һ
Ȼ˵ǾȻҲ֪ðҸǰѣǱǿݼ紴ʹڵģ˳ͻûһΪµˡ
ŶɽһݣԼоӦǺλϹйأѸٺʹӵ˽һɫжСġʱǵʺɽɽٷȥȻ䣬ǺҲһʺ磬վˣɽɽ
ЩҲȥݷ˵ģɽȻػͷȥʵ
ʱֻǼԦʺȻ߶µĲʺͻȻ󷽼ٴȥʺϵЩҲ¶˽֮ɫƺǺηǻˡ
˵˵ѪڣѪںǶͷǰ˴ݣڻǣȥݷˣЩԹҪ˽⡣
ɽо棬ʵ񣬲֪ȴβþģ
˵ȨϣֻҪ˵ԵɣȻϡȴصģȻҲʲôԹҲǰ˵ȻỹһŶԭˣɽ΢΢һЦ˷ºЩˣȥˣȥͽ⣬ȴ˵ô
ʱǵʺѾɵɽĵطֻಲвʺɽٷʺ㣬ǹ󺣡˿·ȥֻµɽȺڻҰϣֱߴư磬ɢŵǿϢ
ǿϢɽһݣԼоӦнʵǽ붴ȴûзλټѵ˺Ǹйأһ룬жʱ䱸ס˴ӡ
ڴʱֻ˵˵ǵˡֻǽ³ɽɽʺȻȥ
ʺ罵䵽ʮɴ㿴ڽµɽɽϣ¶һƬĳأһŸߴµĹǳһƬȺˣʺգۼ䵽˵ϡǰһΰĹ˿̵Žգڹǰ泡ϣƾϢŵע
˿ϢһŶòˣ˵Ӿͻĵɽ˵ڴʱѪڵҲʺֻǺݺݵڵһۡɵߵһȥˡֻܵЩŵӶڷ׷š
þòô䳤û
ػ䳤Ѿˡ
֪ʲôʱףôо˺ܶţ

ܵ˽СǱҲ¶Ȼɫ˵֣ôֻôţһôû
ˣÿ꿪źܶ𣿡ɽ浭˵Ŀŵز쿴ܣһ䵽ɽʱϢ˿⡣Ǳое֡ΪݱÿǧǰʱֻȺһڷߺȻվ˵Ĺ˵ˣҽϣٵӱɱʵ޷ΪǺڷ˵ţŭȻָŶһţ󽭻ʮȫŭվ𣬵Ŷڵӡ
ʱڽڶ棬һȺŵӣڶһ룬Ǻ˵ڵ϶¶мһ˵ı顣ʵǿȫѶԷʱԷ˳Ц


1917 
ݼ磬ȻһֿƣǱѪҲ˵ѪڵһҲ£˶ʹһѵԺҪٲкڡѵ˻ɱѪЩԼʹǺڷӷȻ˵ڵȴϺһ˿¡
ҶԹѾˣ˫˺ܶˣÿ궼ѵǣȴ޷ֹĵɽ˵ѵ˲ֳͽЩţά壿ɽаɻ󣬰˵ݼֻƹܣȻӦάƽ⣬ΪȴЩʵǿŲɱʵСţ
䣬̲סʵˣѵ˴ûгֳͽЩ㪵Ű࣬άƽ𣿡Ҫ֪κһСжҪάƽ⣬һаѹ壬ͻֳͷ
ʱڱ˺λҲɽ˵ʻ˵ǰֳͽһţ˺ȴûгֹҲܲ졣
ŶɽʹӶһۣо֣꾿ʲô£Ϊ˻᲻ٳأ
ڴʱǺڷӷŭ쳣Ȼſȥ˵Ŀ˲䶼ˢЩϵŵӼûǸܸ󵨵ȥ˶˵ǰһսȨûſھȫҷˣſڶûһûп˵ӡǸž˵Ҳ겻ǿڡ
ⳡǿǿǱµĴڣʱǺڷӷŭʧȥſȥ˶㵵۾ֻнڵӷһƬŽ
ʦ壬ʦ壬
ʦ塭
Ǵ˿ǺڷӱѪƵŭʧȥǣȫȻ˵ſڡϳ˴һˣ˶һѺȴǸ˵е˵ĻһÿжѾǺڷӻҷһĻǺڷѾߵſڡ
ʱ˲ֱӵһĻȴûзʧȥǵʦһ˵ţ漴ˡ˶ˡڴʱǺڷҲڶȻѣǰһĻʹ˾ֵĽݼ·һ̶ֹͣˣյأûһӰݼĵڣȻǿյġ޴򾲺ͻʹʦϸ֡
漴ǳϵҲ׹ˡû֪ʲôʱյأŶÿ갴ʱǰ٣˵Ӿͻкңû˻뵽澹Ȼǿյġ˲˶סˡ
ʱͷͻȻ·ҹ
졣ô£ôˡ
֣ôհˡ

һƬŵغΪݼһԱÿжѾϰеͳελͻȻʧȥʹÿ˶ʲôˡһʱȻ֪ô졣
ѵ˾ѾˣϵĶλ䣬ɽʹӵжһ㵡漴ɽ浭ʵˣϴǸôʧٵģҲֵ𣿡
Ǳ˺һһãȻβ˵ϴǸʧ˵ǿݼ緢䣬·ʧˡһοݼ粢ûз߱䰡֡ɽɣ²ӦþλάСƽ⡣ǰӦλ񹥻ıԪʧˣµ»ûһݼλ񴴽һܵڿݼķҲܵӦҲǱ˿еķ䡣
뵽ɽʹӽһɫʱղŻ谵ͻȻƣԼԼܸӦһصĲ漴û׹ֻкȻһ޴ʣ޴ͷɽȻһ·ɽɽͷצһץѹ·ܻһ㡣˲䣬һѸһͷݼҪˡ
ͷȻצɽɽͷ˺ѿˡɽͷһ˺ѿ˶ʧܼӴܣΣ˲䣬ڵӽ˲һʺ磬ͬһ˶ȥɽɽͷ˺ѿǾƺݺצ·ץȥ
һαղƻͣʱɽͷƽӽأһЩûüߵŵӱǾһ̽˶

ȻˣݼҪˡ

¾ֵŵӷ׷˵ʱǵʺڵӺʹһѾ˳ȥΧͬӴܵŵӡղΣͷڵ߾ȻŴһˣڵҲǹ˼
ɽɻʵˣղʲô·ΪλͻȻ伧ɽ
ݼ繲־꣬ÿһһһתӲ˿̱˻ûдӾδ߳һֻš
ֹܿݼľ꣬˿̹ɽľȻѵΥ£˿׹˶ŵϵĴڣһ綼ҪѭУ졣Ȼɽ̫˼ˡ
㹥ɽʱɽƽȥʱȻ˵쿴ɽƺж
ֻӼƽɽԼһǿǿϢɽѹʲôɽɻȥͬʱȻŵغãѪ׷ˡ
ѪҲӦؽһţǰң˫޲ɱԷֻʵһֱòûбš˿ѪͻȻھԱߣʱɱġ
ʧֻɽٲȻǿݼҪļľʱ̣άһԼѾɢûɱҿ˭Ҳġ
ڵĵӡݼҪ𣬲֮ǰɱǡ
棬ŵӣǣɱǡ

ֻһЦЩѪڵӿзʵԶԶڣ޿֣ţЦз׷״ӲʺԾڵӷ
俴źѪڵӣȵһϣӭС漴ֻ˺һӴӲʺϷڿУͬʱһɫӼԦĲʺΧΧһȦ


1918 ɱѪ
˷ðɫӳһȦȫڴʱʺϵҲ׷γɵȦȥǿȥʹȦȦӼ̣βɴݡʺϵӺʹӵһ𶼴˱ȦС
ʵԷÿγͻشΪ˿ɱڶѪڵӣѡأٵȴ¶
ڵķɣڹʲô
ɣڵӡ
棬ڡ
ſЦϰѪڵӷطɵ˿УȻڵȦȥһɫȻȥһ׵͹ȥ޴ĵ⹥ȥʺڵΧ쳣̣˺Ѳʱڽ˵ȫһγ˷ʹЩѪڵʵǿҲһʱ֮޷ȥһڵȫأȴвѪڵӣѪڵӶʱӽ޼ɵڿ裬ţ͵Ĺǡ
ڲõַȦȻʱǿеĽҲǷǳ֮УΪһƷȦеӾͻͬʱܵػˣʵޱȡʱʺѾɫص˼㣬ǹϵȫŵ
ɽ棬ô죿ʱͬڷȦĴüͷŵʵ
ӵҲ˷ȦۼΣȴ޷ɽ
ɽеѪڵӣһۿЩʵǿ󣬼ӽʵ벻ݼеСžȻҲôǿʵЩɽﻹΪǣֻǰɻΪλͻȻˣ
ɽ浭˵£ǻܳһٿɡʱĿҲֻоˡڿŶսͬʱֻܲӴܵǿżеģ͵͵Զв쿴ЩŵѾӵӰˡ
ȻţȴҲ֪ʱֻ濴ȥ
ʱǷȦ棬ѪڵڷţѪڵҹ¼˰ʱķȦѾиȦеĵֻƴȦӹж֪һȦ˶һ١
廤κ׼ˣӸ׼ͻΧڴʱҲŵطǽ·ȦΪѪڵӾù¾ͻȴû뵽ѪڵӾȻˣʵԷȥ֧Ų˶ãȦͻԶ濪ʼ˼֮ơ
ʺϿյı˵жһΪʣµߡ
ֵزֻȫˣҲ˵˵ѾǷˡ
˲Ͼ˭£֣֮˺˶֪ǱȻģΪȻб࣬ȴԥ׼
£׼ˡɽԴ˵ͬʱȫ׼ֳ֡ĿȴϿյıˣһ˿ǡղǱ˴ͷβǺƣɽ¡
Ӵ˿Ҳˣһ˵ݼһ֪ҪЩڵӣɽаվȳǱ˵ˡ
£ʮͻȻǵʵӦɱѪȫڡɽϲڵȴӷˣֻҪӷƾЩ˵ʵɱѪȫڡ
ţǾͶְɡ漴ǵʺϵǿ߶ʱһ׼ͻȻһ
ɽ浭ﻮһɱΧȻһźɫ棬ȻһΧɽȫһӿɽҲͳĺˣѸȥȦʺ
ͬʱͷˣʱɽ淢ʱˡҪˣɽĻʹöһȫѹ漴ҲӦ˷ϡ
˲ӷȦڷһǿǿϢɽ˵жʱһϲ˼˼ȻȥȦ˲ʺ˻ȥ
ǷȦһȥ˲Ųʺϵӿ
ɽһΧĲʺȻ
·һźȻɢȻӭϷĹȥڴʱµʮǿ˲ͻŴֲѪڵӹȥ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱʮǿ˲֣ȫѹ⧲Ѫڵ˲ʶãӴȴѾˡգۼͱȫɱûҷˡг˵ѪϢ·ղʲôҲûз
˿̶¶޷εľ㵣Ҳû뵽ɽ˾Ȼʵǿߡ漴ʶĳѾ׻ҷˣЩȫϲʤųбڣԺҲûвˡ
Ȼһһɨ˴ϡ
İʹʶ˾Բƽˡ
ǡ¾Ǻˣβס㵡
Ҳɻʵ¾ǸŸˣ
ЩڵӺѪڵ˰꣬ȻӮղ˲ɱһŵǿҲš
ɽ浭˵ǰһţΪһʣűʣµĵӲòڹ˰꣬ǳҲѾ˥䣬ԲŸҳǲصģǲôģ
ŶϽŵɫԷʵȻŰΣɽ˵ʱˡ
ɽⷬȴҲϣǶ汾ǵʵĽҲˡ˰ĴŵӣʵȻͲˡ
΢ЦǵлҲӵ˵л
λʦ֣׼ȥʵ
ɽ΢΢̾Ϣһ˵ǲ֮꣬󣬴˷ȴ޴ȥ
Ǳһϲ˵Ȼλ޴ȥβҵǰӦ꣬Ӧعϡ洦԰˷ֹˣݼ粻֪ҪôĽѣҵýˣҲû
գͻֹǺ֮£˶Լоݼ缴һѣ֮ʱܺɽǿʵύҲжһֱȫǱ˵ȻǷǳϣܺɽ˽ύ


1919 Ϯ
ӵҲŪݼܣ漴˵ͷһͬǵʺ磬ŶȥʱؼѾָ˳̬ǵʺǼǰȥ
΢Цǽ˵ӵʱˣ֪ݼžݣֻΪƽ⣬˿˳£պ޷ˡ
ǲʺٶޱȣ˵ѾɳֻǰһƬɫشܶĺɫֻǵĺɫشǲʺ˶׷ʶ̽ȥ漴һƬ㵵
֣ôоǿϢӦ귽ԲǧɾֻںѪڣѪڱţôϻǿϢ˶һȻݼ糣껥ϰΪˡ˿˲죬ȫȻ·̽顣ֻǺɫشϲкӿŨŨɱ
ãɽ漴һǿϢ޳ˣ
Ǳӡӳˡ˽ŵ˵
ޣɽɻǱ΢΢һЦ˵ǰ޷ǿݼǿ޵ģ֣ѵ˳ˣƿӳʱǽµĲʺŵ潵䣬ϵһ龰Ҳʾ˳ǽµĴϣޱţסĵطȥӦ϶ʱɱڣһ
ͱ˵˶һۣɫŵ˵޳ӦѾ޵ˣǻȥԱߵïȥɡ
ǡǼԦʺӦһ漴Ԧʺҷķȥǽ³ǧӿȣɱڵΧסطӿ롣
̼䣬ʺɵԱһڵĵش漴ʹӵ´һǳ⣺棬ںôĵӾҴï棿ź漴಴ӵϷϰٸǿΧס˲ʺϵˡȺ˷ȫϴǿǿϢ
Сģڵ˿ǰԵײޱȡ浭˵漴˶¶䱸֮ġֻǻһͷĺ˵棬ïĵؽ硣ôܵˣ
Ƕ΢Ц˵ϼˣݼ缴䣬ˣ˾Ȼʧ㲻᲻֪ɣҸղֿӦؽ޳֣Σʱ̣˺αôִӦͬԲǡ
ߺߣҪ磬ǽѪȫڣǲݼ䣬ûšǣڿɲǺǵġǳϼŭĿ˵ݼ绥˰˴˭Ҳ˭ˡ
ʱڵҲ׷׷ʶԶӦ̽ȥÿ˶ǿҵ׶Ϣɫ䡣ڵû˵ѣ޳ˡ
ϼ̧ͷһ˿֣ʵѾȻܲǰӴϰܱ̾ǹɡڴʱȻֻһ⼫ǵķ
˶䱸̧ͷȥ⵽˸ǰֻǿ߼ʺйϼȻ˵ףǰһڡͬʱǵʺѾе˸ǰʺϰٸǿߣÿ˴˿϶¶޴ľ֡
棬һôïꣿϼȵʱһڣڣȫڿб˴˽䱸ضƽʱŸƽһ
һŵ˵ϼˣݼҪˣǰѾɣï취ɡһ䣬漴Щǿ߶һʱɽҲ漴ӦһӴɷïӿ
ݼϼ̧ͷգ˵бޱȡȻȻᵼħִ޷ܵǰ˶еߡ
ڴʱǶŵ˵ϼˣ棬Żʱ˴˶Թͬԣһ취ɡֻҪͬЭһܶȹһ١ʱѾܸӦΧڶɷĩհľϢڽǰ˶״˿̷¶ԹŽһ¶ǵ֮뵽棬ϼ˺Ͷ涼ͬʱ˵ͷ
ͷ˶һɱҲʧˡ漴ŵͬʱ䵽˵ϡϼŵ˵棬˵˵ɡ
ڸղǰͻȻףïոܣͱѸһաƴ˳˿ӿӿ˵䣬Ͼδסطգۼ䱻ɣҾ徵¿˭˶ľ
ʱ˵ͬʱïİѾΣգʱҴ
ϼɫ԰ף˵֪λʲôð취Ǹԣѹ£򼶱ǿѾҵ޴ˡ
ʱںɽ˵ɽ棬λ񶴸ûУ
һ˿ΪѰλϹ챦ȴ޶ݼ硣Ȼ԰޹ȴ˿û¡ɽ˿ڴ߶ȫݼ̽飬Ѱλڣݼֻ񴴽С磬ּʾλѾ䣬дпڿݼ񴴽С磬ȻάСľ־ֻ⵽СŻ
λǱ־ôṥԼĪǺͬǿڲλдˣͷһʱʵɽҲ־ɫ԰ˡ
ΪĲ²ʵһλڹݼλǿǳǵĲģص顣֮Ĺ׾ܻ硣
ʱǶӵˣѾ˴ӵӵ˲ɱѪŵˣ㵵̧ͷ
ɱѪţʵԶҵȣ´һӦ޽ɡڶݾ֮ǳϼ˼˵ݼѭǿΪӵʵǿȻ͸Ը·
Ƕ浱Ȼ飬ĿɨӹȥɽϵǿϢһ漴Ҳ΢Цͷ
ͷӵЦλȻҶô˵ǾͲҪƴ˰ɡһôӦ޽ɡ
΢΢˵ͷЩݼǿԶԶˡ


1920 
ףʲôطĴżеڹ죬һ˿УڷеһȺɻ·ȥȺǶһˡǱɢ󣬷ԼѾһİʶɨӹȥȴ˿ûһ˿ӦǱɢǰİ磬Ȼ˶ʶȫǺܶؽ粻ͬһ硣
ţʲôطʵǽ޳һˣ漴üش
ӣﻹǹųǳ棬Ӧһλ񴴽С硣ǵʵǿڣֵ޳ĵֶŷǰ档
Ŷͷ漴̽ȥʱȻؼһ𶯣谵еƲͻȻһ֣ڰգӴͷ­תƺ·ʲô
ȻڵµźĵطѸһ޴ĺɫϷȥҲذźݺҧȥնʱһ谵źɫ治ʱһɫ硣
ʱ޳긮ڵĺսҲ漴ӦǿѹԾսŨҵɱ˲ӿ˳һŨŨɷѸ֮ȥ
սôˣ޳ȻذÿκսꪶԼΣʱŻӦˣһξȻԼûܵκι¾зӦˡսꪷɱ漴˶ע⣬֪޳ϹսꪺѾеˣȫ֪սֻشΣʱŻᷴӦѵǰ緢ʲô£λ񻹻š
еľ޴Ȼҧ£źɫȴ漴ɢһ˿˿ؼ䡣ȴƺܵҵҡͷβһز
ӣǺɫźţλǿߵ˵
ŶϢ䲻Ҫжֶţ𣿡˵޳Ϻսꪷɱæ˵ͻȻ֡ʱȻ
޳Ӧһȴ֣ΪսꪵķӦһܵһٻͼʱô£Ҫ֪޳ѾѺսȫԼ壬ʱȻúսƣʱһ֮ǰѾ˵սϹŵһױԵޱȣܺΧаںϣѵаٻ
޳ڻ긮УǺսȻԾţͼ޳ڵѹ˿޷ѳ
ǺɫѾؼ䣬ֻ޴ŭ˻Ȼ·ץȥ¡һ½·ĴץһղǺɫžǴģһ±һҵع··Ҫǿ俪
ȻǺ俪ĵضһܻ˲䴩˳ȻϷȥɽˣ˿޳ǰĻɽȴȫǣһγһе
ãںٿء
ǵֶ漴ɫ壬Ȼ˵ڴʱȻԶ˰ӣʶռˣͬɽһǾצŹ
ٿأѵ¶սʧʵ
֮սǿЩ˸޷ģζŻɱ¾ǵֶҲǶǿˣʱȴ¶˿־ɫ
ŵӦ֣һǷеаڴˣѵǻа
ü˼ȴ֣ʱ˶ǰλ񼶱ڱͻսǿĿֲģ㶯ָЩ˾͵ûҷ𡣿˵˴˿һߡ
Ǿڻۣ»»ˡ汻ѹסѸٵȥʱǾŵȻмۣصγһͷ­һɽһ޴ȻһںˮŻϽȥӴʹû˲ˡ漴͵شȥˡ
޴漴ֿΪŵȻŻɽڿըƺҪѻɽںƽ
ǵ£ɽ˲䱻ƽ漴һýɫͷˣǽɫͷǿҵĽ⣬ѪȻеȥصһ˿첨
ǽɫͷʱ˶һΪǰֵĽɫͷ֮ǰܶڼǸͷһģһѵͷͶڳֵͷһǶλûģô˵ľ˭
ʱ޳ȴ˿زڲ˲޳͸ӦܿռĽԪ˹ȥȻһաʱһѵɫͷؼԪء
޳ѧ֮ҲΧؽԪصĽԪ֮вһϸǽɫͷϳ˽ͬҹȥƺǾԱһ漴˹ȥ޳ڵĽԪ֮ƺյ˸ӦҲҪɢʱ޳ȻӦǽɫͷܽԪؿƵİȻԼڽԪ֮Ӧ漴޳ڻһõĽɫͷ
ǽɫͷڳ֣ؼϢӿһɚϢ޳Χơ
޳ͻƣԪ֮߾硪޳ˡ
ʱнھĹ±ˡͷ漴ΪУϢءһ󣬽ȥˣؼָֻƽ
û֪޳ȻڸղĿýаȻͻƽԪ֮߾磬û˽ޡ
һƬţղǵȫʧˣغƺƣһƬ
ˡ泤һղŵһĻȻǾŵȡʤˡ
ֶµ񾪻δ˵ӣʧܵǶˡ
ղųֵĺɫţͽͷɢأصĿֻдλҵġĻھ˵ˡ
ʲôȻʵ
ǵǿ˵սУҵǾŵȻŹΪɱ硣
磿˶Ŵ졣ûϵ˾Ȼ
λѾ䣬дûģС磬һŹ׷ɱСҪҷ𡣡
ǵ˵гƵľ֡
λһ쳣µĶֻ֣¼˿ССԼĶҲűӵ˷˶С¶棬ôӺͶ˳롣һλʵһ˿ڶʹӵ˶봳


1921 ѽ
ɫ԰ף̧ͷգʱһšղλдܣУѾˡ漴һ˿ӿǵ˻ϷŹˣ磬ԼҲΣˡҪ֪˵һ練ơ
ţǸô죿ŵʵʱλʵĵȻͳ˵Ĺǡ
Ѿָ򾲣˵С磬ҲСԶʧһɵɱҲǾ޴ģʹҲ޷ܣǸ˻ʹϵҲҪѭԼɱʹҲܲ
˵˶˿Ȼ磬ȻҲͲΣˡ
漴˶е˵ʧλѾأʧȥĶҲ޷ûˡһжͽ޹ˡ
ӣҪȥ𣿡漴ʵ
˵ˣȻѾԶ޷ҵ׼Ѱҳ·ȥ
˶Ӧһ漴ȴãȻôصԭأǴ˿Ƕ˴СǶ˽޷ȥġ
ţа취ȥ𣿡üʵ漴ҡҡͷûж˽ڸ޷߳С硣
ЩС翴ƺʹǧһʵֻʶռһָ׸ǴСûУȴȫһӺƷĴ硣Ǵ˿ʵڶ˵ʶռ䣬Ƕ˽ԶҲȥ
ݵ˲ͱӿµʵ˶ãȻˣѵҪİȥ
ʱ򣬺Ȼշ˵ʺ磬漴ŵ˵ǿˡ
УֻһʺǶŶڵķλ֮һɹǿǿϢ
Ȼһ˿ȵע⣬û֡
䣬еǵʺѾɵ˸ǰֻǵʺźѹѹһƬǿߡ
ʲôˣΪδͭؽ磿Ϸдһ͵ĺ˷ӿǿȫڰУ㵵ؿ·ϰٸˡ
浭˵޶⣬λؾţλãлҪǡ
ߺߣǵĸţͭؽôûмǣղ﷢ʲô£ǲʺһַ˵дһ޷ܵѹ
΢Ц˵ҵȷʵ䴳ģλ𾪣ղǾŵΪλṥҲɻ󡣡
Ǻַɨһۣűһݳª˵˼仰ֻǳªȻǿǳªӷһʶ̽漴ɫ΢䣬˵ղǾڷȻûб
漴ɻʵ
ϰ˶ߣֻ¶۾ȴɢһǿޱȵǿϢʹÿвʺϵЩǿҲ㵲ѣ
Ǻɫ˵ղڹѵ֪
ҵȷʵ֪¸֪浭˵
ʱǲʺǿ߶¶֮ɫǣͭôðôǿһˣǶϵǿϢ壬˴룬Ѿˡ
ʱȻӶһźѹ˹
ʲôк͵ϵ˶㵵̧ͷ򶫱ȥźŨҵɱڷһɽѸ߷
Ҷ棬ȥ̽鷢ʲô¡Ǻɫһ˿㵣ȵǳª漴˵ͷȻӷһƻ򶫱շȥɫҲ漴ȫȫ䱸ŵ򶫱߿ȥ
˿źɫѾԽԽֻһӰ˻
ˣ޳ˡǺҶ˻Զͷ
ޡ
ô£ô
Ҷ棬㿴ûа

洫Ȼ˶ԺҶĻеɡ
ҶವشϿеĲʺϣֵغޣ߳ǱߵİҲ
޳ˡģˣô£ţ̧ͷʵʱУǹɫѾԽԽÿ漴еһӴѹ
ô죿
ɣǲӣ

ʺϵǿȫ񣬽ŵʵȻһ˵ͭҽڸѵˡҶ棬׼ӭУغٻȥðꡣ
ǡ
һЩʵǿǿߣȻη壬ֻҪ֪ΣȴҲ漴ǵʺԶɢȥ̾ߵľ⡣
޳ˣȻһۣȫЩΪλͻȻ֮Ҳˣȫˡǿߵǿ޹ȫԵ
ǵʶԶ̽飬Ȼɫһ˵ãӣӿа֮࣬Ӱɡ
ޣ˶һѹǽڵ˻ӣǿɲһ˵ϰˣǧǿҲᱻû漴Ŷ߷ȥ
ڵȥ΢һ˼ҲȥϾ԰ޣǿһʤϰٵӰ˲ϿУǰĽ׷ȥϰʵǿö࣬һ׷ǰĽڵӡ
ǸǸʲôʱǰĽڵӷͷȻȵ
е˵߶һһʵǿаգ
ŶԸǽںԸޣʺϵЩڵӶ¶ϲɫ漴ֶɵؿǡжͻȻð˿ǻżĽ䱸ݼ磬ǿΪֻɱ¾Ϥˣκİﶼв
ǽͺҶһۣȻҶʵǿģ˵ԸһԸޣ
Щʤ㡣漴΢Ц˵
ܺã¼ȻԸһԸޣҽȻ֮ãλɡڹЦ˵漴ǿ߱Զٷȥ˵ǡ漴ϰٸҲǰĽڵӼ׷ȥ˿̴زʧɫǰ޴ݿӿסĵط
ݼҪˡڽڵӺĺҶ˵ʵǿںӶˡ


1922 
ڴʱڶ߷Ƭ޴ɫȻţ˻ͭؽӿͬһ׺֮еȫһգǾ޴ʹݼ綼ڲʺĽڵȫŵñɫЩɾ޴ֱ΢
Ҷ棬Ѹٲ½磬޳ƽѸ귽ˡǽٵطԸ˵
ҶӦһ漴ŷһǲʺϵǿˡȫڿУ˴ѾͭؽĽˣͬȻһɫ·ȥ˵ۻȥһɫ϶Ȼ֣ͭؽ硣
ԪԪԪ棬˻ϱߣԪ˳ԪԪҶ˻ߡ˷硣źҶѸٷָЩǿ߷׷жˡ
ǵ޴һͽͭؽʵʵǿγɵĽͬѰȴʵͬʱҲϰٸҲ漴ɫŽȥǵһȥԭɫĽͻȻһɫͬһ㣬ӽɢ˳
Ҷ΢΢һ㵣ʵһ۾Ϳʵǿϰٸ˷Ȼ˷󣬲ɴ㵡Ҫ֪ݼţʵǿ󣬺ҶǿݼϵĶǿߡȴ˿û뵽İ˾ȻǷǿ
漴Ҷһݣһۣ䱸
ţÿĶһɫӳ·硣ȴ¶֮ɫԵĿǰޣһλҲİɡ
ţôʵ
ʵǿֹͷȻΪˡǵʶ̽ȥ漴˵ӣ߳
ǰ޳ĸ˽ţü˵һ类ƿ˾Ӱɡ
޴ɱҲɱ⣬ΨһĶԲֻҪý޹ƽ磬ȥΨһİ취ˡ
޳̧ͷԶգԶǾ޴ʹ·ضڲÿ˶ڿеΣۡѾȫһ֣üǿֵҲҫš
ֶţĺսȲҪ֣˵
ս޴󣬶һҪȵڵ֧Ųסʱټ¡ԸǰʵҲҪýڵʹΣͷĻȻݶޱȡ
ʱԶǹɫѾ˹ͬһɺȻӿǿѹ֮ÿվȣ
Сģˡ
Сģ硣

һŵĺȻ漴˶ɫĽӳȥ̼䣬ǰγɵ׺Ѿ˸ǰֻһ˻ҵŽ繥ǧ޷ӼѹѹһƬǺƹ⿴һ۾˵սľ
Ͼ޴ĽһϣڵϣɫĽǿҵȥǰȻڣȴһʱȻֹסˡ̼ƺܲ𹥻漴ʼˡ
ˣӳֽ硣ʱɫ䣬غ
ǿû뵽羹Ȼ֧ŲƬ̣ѾʾˡЩڵȫʧɫæŵطӳֽ磬ͼýȶǣڹ֮¸޼£ֻǽҶ漴㿪ʼɢˡ
ӣڽһ¶ɢһԼͬŽ귽ȥҪͼȥ磬ǺҶѾһȥȥ
ӡҶ˻ʵǿӦǰǿ޷ƺһֶС
ʱ޳˻˳ȥû˸һͷȥ˶ƴȫ귽Ӵܡǰ漴͵ӿͭؽİաҽʹ漴˷쳹ͭƬϡǵʹ಻ĺͬһĻ˼
ԩҶ˵һΪݼ綥ǿߣȻάͭؽİհΣȴźް취ȻʹĲѡ
ͭˡӳһǿŤͷ˵ͭѾһƬ
ǽ鱯ߣ˵ҿݼ磬ˣﰡǰ˻˭ȿݼ硣
˿ҲѾˡҶ˵ʧɽѾͭؽ磬ֻ˶š˿̿ص˲ˡһ˳ˣôṥˣ
ǽ̾Ϣ˵ҿݼ磬֮ǰλʧ˻ѣѵһҲˣҵҲǵʵȫ޷Σ֪Լ񴴽С硣
վڿУ˼̾ѣʱȻǰ潨ؽϿһƬʺ缫ٷ˹
Ƭ̾͵˸ǰ漴ʺһ׷Ӻȵ棬ͭ귢ʲô£
ʦ²ãɿݼ磬ͭѾռ졣ǽ취ɡǽٵһ˵
˿ǰƬƬʺҲ漴ͣڿУǲʺվٸǿߣǿ˹ȥ
ʦһȻҲѸӦΣȽǱӣʱڿɱǿöࡣڵӶŵĶӣǿ϶Σա
棬ôӳӡأΪβֹޣ
ʦȻʵ
ǽ˵ʦһʱҲ˵֮˳£ݼ繥ǸϿ취ɣ
ʦ̧ͷȥǰͭؽȻɱһ˿־岻Ϣӿӿʱһæ˵Ƕס⽨ؽ粢ǿߣֿܵǽؽֻйʦһڣǿȻ
ﻹһǿߣǼǧˣβٺƴһΣֻҶ汯˵ҶҴʵڲԸٿѣ̲ס˵ʱǿȴɫ־壬ֻȥ
ɨһۣ̾˿˵ƴ󣬳ƴǺƴЩ˿½վ͵ȫ˸Ĳ̰


1923 
˵ȴҲʵǰӿƣҲһǻǧߡЩ˾˽ľ磬ףȻ˾ȥǽȻ̡
ʱͭؽڵİһգŽӿ漴жһֱȥô죿
ʦǺƴˣȻ˾˵ħֺУЩݼǿȻαա
ʦ˵ͷŻҵƴһƴͷҲǲġλͷнǧжһ˶ʵƴ
ҶĿ⿴һԵĶˣղڽɢ󣬶ϰģʹýڵӶһǴͷǷˡ
£׼پһս֪ԸԸأҶ澡вȴǿͿ˵
ʱ浱ȻЩǿ߲ȴ˿мһˣǰǿʵԶһ˵ԼǣȥҲǰ취Ȼ׼ڴ˾սԸ
ţҶ˵ͷ漴ǽ˵ɡ
ǽɨһۣȻ˵ţϲ½ޣʦ󷽣ߵĸ¸ҷҸм䣬׼硣
ǧͬʱɫڵγһϣΪˣʱɵıȻȸղŲ֪ǿ˶٣ҫһ֬İ׹⣬֮ɢ
ʱУǶһˣұǹʦˣмǽڣǽΪԼʵǿ󣬱㶥ֿޡͷȴҲеʶη塣
ǵĽող£ԶǺɫѾ˸ǰ޷˻Ӽ޴ʹضȻɫ
СģˡҶվڽǰ棬һͷ׷Ȼ˵
ʱǰѾӿʶȻһ޾̳շ·ĩһ㡣
еһݣ漴Ȼش߶ȫŵ½ӳȥǰ޹ƶȻֹˣ漴˻ƴŽ繥ȥǰӿĹ£漴ˡʱ󷽽绹ԣʦұ߽ͻȻ𶯵úʦɫһ䣬ȵӳֽ硣
ʱʵԶ׼ˣʦǻʵסվڽϷĹʦҲڲסҡΡ
ҶվǰĿȴһֱߣһ˿㵴¶˳ϣ˶ǻˣڲǻ˾Ȼܵס޹Ҷ氵Ƕˣ治ˣȴôҲϲǻ˾Ȼܵס޹
ʱʦǱߵĽѾɶˣʱɢغ棬Ƕסˣǰɡ
ۿʦǱ߽缴ɢҶһȻ˹ȥƷһǿİɫעȥʱǶνѾɢҶ淢ʯ󺣣ûзӦ
ʱ˵ֶȥʦ
ڴʱ޳ڻ긮ǺսҲԾԾȻȻһڹ޳Ϸһ绮գݼƺһ¡
ǵ޴ڹ⻮񷣬Ȼҫأһѹؼ䡣Щڷİ޺ȻֵͣؿϿ޳еĺսꪡ
սȻһڹµİޡ
ڹɱڣ·ضˡһ̣˶ס˺
ǿһȻؿ޳һ޳ϰŨɷ·١
ףô£ôˣ
֣ôˣ
Ҷ棬ʱô£

ʱܺȻһޱߵĺڰڰ˲ڸסݼ硣˰Щȫ˺ڰ֮Сǰǻޱߣãã޼ʵĺڰ·ͻȻ˯ˡ
ͻȻںڰгһ޴İɫӡ·İѹȥ

ˣڷӡޡȻ䣬ֻĺҶ˵
ˣ
ˡ漴еȫһƬ
ڴʱھ֮ï꣬һҲ漴˾ͻȻںڰУڳڰһɫӡ·ѹƶ¡
ѵ˳ˣڷӡޡڵı˾㵵˵
ڳˡ
ˡ
漴˶ϲ񣬸ղֲ½ڵ޹޷ֵ޷᧿ΣʱͻȻ䡣ʶڳַӡޣеǿ߶¶ϲ֮ɫ
ϲ˵ڳˣºˣǿݼоˡ
ʱʵӽɽҲѹ޵İɫӡһȻݼλڳֹޡ
ǰ޶ʱһ󾪿־Ĵܣ˲ҳһţھ޴İɫӡѹ·ŭ˻¶ɫǱǿݼλ־ģ˿޶ӦһɻǾذš
ʱۿǰɫ޴ӡѹȥ޾Ҫҷ֮ʣȻպڰƲ棬Ȼ˾ֵŵˡ
漴ݼǿ𾪵һĻˡ
ǿеľŵͻȻһž޴İɫӡȥѾ޺Ȼ¶ϲɫ·𿴵һ˿
⣬Ȼ񹥻ݼˡɽʧɫ
ŵҹҪ޷ӡľ޴ӡ˵˻˭
ˣɲǼ䣬ǿȫĿɿڴˡӡ˾ϵĴڣһ㣬ô⵽
λѵܹ⵽ô°Ȼӵʵ޷Ȼ벻
ɽ濴˴һۣͳ˵£ڹˣЩ޾ǵ˷ųģҿݼ磬λһ˿ٻɱ
˼䶴һ˿ݼأǵжΪ˱ų޻ҿݼ硣ݼǶ˴һжڶˣԵ˻ҿݼ磬Ȼ֪Լȴ˲ˡ
ӺȻյľŵЩЩ޷󵽵ģ֮սֻһ˲䡣
ɽ棬׼ӭӲ⡣漴һ˿ţ˵


1924 
ڰУǾҡͷβȻԾȻǰɫ޴ӡȥ
˻Ȼȥǰɫ޴ӡ漴һʱСȴ˿ͣ·ѹȥƺǷҪ޷ӡʱЩҲǰƣʱ˻ŭŰɫ޴ӡ֮
ޱѾͻȻܵʹǷ񷴻ˡ
Ǿŵ˷ɫ޴ӡ¶ƣ𽥼Զеǰɫӡ
⣬ô
Щôṥˣ

ǿȫ֣ҲȻ̧ͷţüʵţʱô£
ǵʵʶ̽ȥɻ˵ӣɫӡ;ʹ⡭ֻ񼶱ѵλ񼶱ս
溧ȻʧɫŴ˵Ȼλ񼶱𣬳Ƕˣ˵һλڹ
ǵŵ˵ͷ漴˵ͼѹư޵İɫӡ϶Ǵ˼䶴ˣ̰պӡޣǲݾӦǣһλжԵ񡣡
Ȼλ񼶱սʱ˶Ŀ࣬˵ּǸ޷Ĵڡ
о֮ʣǵɫӡѾ֧ŲסѸήİɫҲѸԵѾڰӹ˶ãǰɫӡͻȫڰû
ڴʱ޳еĺսͻȻɢһʵ⣬·һٻǲƺޱ޼ʵĺڰȥ
޳
ʱ޳ԺͻȻһ޵·Ǵĵ״ƺԭֻͻȻˡ
˭ڽң޳ȻŤͷܿȥǺڳĺڰ壬ǵֻǳԺ˶֪
ʱԺǵֽ޳㲻ˡ㿴ңݼ˾ˡ

ݼˣˣ޳㾪㵵ýг
޳㲻ؾţ㿴ңѾݼء£˵ݼҴС硣סˡల£ȴʱµһҵһʱ챻ȥұ壬ֻʣһ˿ݼ˾ҵû
ǳԲϷŹң׷ݼ磬ұֻݼСΪ˱͹ųӡİ޻ҿݼ硣Ҳ̼պԸղų뽫޷ӡݾ޳Ҫæ

ʧ޳ȴⷬȫˣ˺һ׹ȻʵǰҪô㣿ŷƺֻԼû
޳ĿŮȻѺսꪴ㣬ҲΣա
ǰսꪣ޳һȻõȴ˿֪̲סſʵսΪλǰᴫң
ţĿŮսꪷڣȥа֮Уսִ㣬Ӧ鷳Ҫ㽫ȥ
޳ɻ˵ǰܷ֪λŮǰ飿
漴һ޳ֻܸӦĿŮĿǰڰ޽磬ȴ޷֪պȻ֪Щ
ڴʱǾ޴ɫӡĹѾɢΧȫ˺ڰֻʣмһСˡǰۼҪҲĹɫӡȻڰɢ
޳ҵеĺսꪣڴһꪷϸھ޼˻ϡ
ǵ޳Ժ޳ڵƺܵһǣ֮Ѹ֫ٺӿȥʱеĺսҲһ˿ӦӺսȻһɺ޳ӿȥ
޳ԺкȻһ֧ĺɫҫޱâĴꫣȫǺڰֻԺ֧Ȼҫڹ⣬תǹ£ɫˡÿһ趼ɼԺз·һ磬Ǻɫڻһ
ɫ꫻תʽԺʧˡ޳ʶͬͻȻȥƾնһʽ
޳סǺսꫵһʽʽ
ǵʧڴʱеǵɫ޴ӡɢˡһ˿׹һ޾ĺڰˡǰݼ˾ĺڰ
ڴʱֻ޳ظӦ˺սȻһ󶶶
޳Ѿսˣھøղҽһйһ
ǵ䣬սȻһ˲޳ԺȻȻس˸ղŴ͵ʽսȻſеȥ
һޱȾ޴ƺȻգڰ˲ͱ˺ѿһӣʱսꫵľһ׶ȻһӾͽ˺ˡ
ݼһ˶סˡ˺ѣ˲ͻҷˡ
ʲô£
ô£
ղǵڹʲô̫ˡ

ڰУǿ߶ֵغֻ޳ߵ˲΢ظӦһ˿ǿĵ⧲ڹ˺Ѻʣµͬ⵽ػȻɢϵĹ⻪Ѹɢܺڰݡ
֮ʤ˲䣬ǲݾ֮ǰȻӦսꪣ޳ֻ򼶱𣬲δϵ޳ͻȻ֣ս꪿µһʱǸԪɢֻݣʣʧȥӳ֣ɢˡ
޳ˣݼþˡǵ󣬺սͻȻһ⻪ȻԾ˺ڰкںһˡ
漴Ͼ㵵İ޾ؿղǵİɫ޴ӡѹȥ
Һʹʱڿݼصǰ޾رɫ޴ӡӡסˡյĺڰȥ¶ˡ
ݼϣЩǿ֪ʲô£ͨնȻգֹŲ֪ʲô¡
֣ղôˣ
ףЩ޲ˡ
ѵ˳ˣ

һƬ۷׷УݼͻȻһѸٵСһһ磬Ϊʧ˶ϰٸ˵ǰ
޳ݼѾ¶±밲ҵôҸطÿݼ硣ڡһ𣬷·ڶϣƺһȥңԶߡڶǰҰųǳء
һƬžҰ·һ˿
ӣǳˡǵſһ㵵Ķ浭˵


1925 
ҰϣˮѾǻƻˡһĨϦߵ
濴ϰٸˣȻоųǳǿϢһݣ֪Ǵǻ˳ˡڿݼûкʹ棬϶Ҳ˳ȥľѻ٣ֻʣһ˿ؼ䣬˵õĽǴſݼԶû֪ĵط
ӣǵˡǿ߽ŵشߴٵЩȻܺʹ棬һӷɱʮˣͬıһ
һ漴һŻҰȥΪ˲ע⣬ھʶ˶Ϊ㣬ɢĻص˶ε
޳жߣȲ򶫸ȥȻֻǶ̶ʮ죬ѵ༧
༧
ʱ༧ڷϲ̧ͷ˵޳ˡ
޳ͷأҲ˵ֻǵ˼䡣
޳ãƸʱ䣬ǿɶڵˡ༧˵˵Ϊȥǽ˵ܣ޳һҲûǡ
ʳصλԱѡȡҲǷǳϸŹƸһΡÿƸʱܶؽŶɳǰѡԱϸ񵽿̣Ҫؿǳѡ
ʮ༧ͼѾǰȥ̽˾׼͵Żһȥˡ
ҹʶһƬţһ˿綼ˡһУƹռء
ţ޳Ӧʹ˺սꪵһʽ׵һ˵˵
ǰ棬΢΢Ȼ˵սꪵһʽ
㲻֪Ǻսǵһħ޲T٣޲TͿźսꪺͺʽնɱ񣬺ɱս밢޽类ĿŮã֮սꪺš벻Ȼһֻ򼶱޳õ
䣬ֻжεͳصš
ʽһУС翴Ӧǵһʽʽ޳õֵõꪷһʽһͻµʵֻ½ǻƲס
״ˣ˵޳Ϊûɱɫʱ޳֮ǰײõڵǶ£޳Ϊãˡ޳Ȼʹ˺սꪵһʽʱе
Цһ£˵״˶ˣѱ񵤣ûнҩضǡ
еרſ£򼶱𶥼ڵصºʹ۷ҲƣòǡҲǶεܿǿߵԭ֮һ
ҡͷ˵Ȼ޳ܵõսꪣһɿ϶λйأڣʱǾ鷳ˡ
˵״˷ģѾ̽ˣ޳Ŀǰֻ۷壬ӲǿơϵǱ϶ۻע⣬ǺβûƾҪ˶ÿ϶ΪҪʱȻҲͼǿˡ
š궫˵˳һ£˵ͷ漴˵ðɣɣ޳
˵ǡ
պ󣬻ʳһȵƸʼˡϵǰӦƸŵӣΪƬǿȻŵǰܽȥ˸й⣬ҲŴӴ˲ӡ
緹޳༧λڰԱߵפȥֻϵǰȥӦƸŵӣŮȫ·ˮһӿǡ
༧ǰ·߹ͼ˵֣֡
ͼϲ֮ɫ޳˵֣ɻˣһϲƸء
ҵ֮ģô˺ء޳Ц
ͼ޳ߴ˴˵֣Ѿ߻ʦְæˣ߻ʦִӦǱԼ䡣
ʦ֣ôҽԱߵ΢΢¶˵
ͼΪ˺ˬ壬ĻȴοǸ߻ʦ˺ܶڽ𣬲ǿ߻Ӧǰ˵߻Ƕεͳˣͳ춫룬ȨܴҲøӡ
Ŷ޳ȴЩ֣Ϊ֮ǰɽõڵ߻꣬ѵ߻껹˵𣿺༧һۣһСġ
˵䣬Ѿ˰ԱߵƸط˿һ̨׷ӣĿɨ·ڸ̨棬ѾΧǰӦƸŵӣѹѹһƬ
ǣ̨λͳˣ궼ƣͳòΪˡ
ˮڵĵӣŲŲˣȻӦƸ
˵Ŀ䶯֪ôǰ

̨ɽ˺ʱУһƬ޳༧˷˰칦ż˽ȥ
ʱǸ̨ұһ׷˵ţÿֻߣֻȡߣȻǼǺúȺ֪ͨǵȻȴͬһÿԺȻ˵Ϊ
󣬵µ˶ʱɧˡһЩŵĶͽźһȡǿߣȻıܶʼϲֻ¼ȡǿߣҲʡȥ鷳
ܿһɳǿӹȥЩԵ¼ȡ˶źð̾ҡͷ˵ԱߡͿճ˳еһյء
޳༧Ҳȥͼǽպˣ˱ϣ㹲ϰˡֻղ˵ǰ׷ɨһۣ˵ˣ¼ȡ͵Ϊֹһٶ
Ǹ̨ϵȻϿУפطȥϰ˵ȥǺ漴һƬźͰ̾
ΪϻʳΣҪפȻ䱸ɭϣ׷Ҳ˵һֱǰɣ̾ͷɳһޱߵĻҰȴһ˿̡
ʱͼ޳Уؿ˵֣ʦ˵ϰֻ֪ǻڵڼر̭Щ֮ǰѾ˵˷ǳϸҪؿֻ¼ȡʮͼڵǽ˵ġ
֣ǽĹʵҲպֻҪǺú϶дɾ͡޳΢ЦŰο˵
ĻȴҲʵǽλȴҲƵܶؽĶǿߣһִǽȻȴҲûб̲ȻҲе̵ġ


1926 
һ˷˶ٷǰͣڿǰȥʱǰֳһ龰
ããҰϣλúȻһƬɫĺȥǰɫɫ΢ɵģҫŰɫ΢СâƺһεΪۡ
ʲôط
쿴Щɫ
֣һǿ

ϰ˶ط׷׺ʱֻǰ׷Ȼ˵ţǿ˵ĵһأǰƬм׵˱벽д⺣󣬵԰Ϊ¼ȡߡ˳ͻᱻ̭𣿡
ϰһ뺰ˡ
ǰ׷˵漴ǰǺϿշ˹ȥ
޳Ȼ˵ͼ༧˶һۣһݡʱϰѾһȲǰĺ˽ȥʣµضǰ棬˼ôܴƬ
ͼдҪ׵̫ˡղŻĲͼڸӦ˰׹⺣ǿʱǽⳡϼʮʵ΢˿ͼû˵
ʦ֣ȻôҲҪһ԰ɣ˵
ͼ⿴޳ҡͷֵܣˡʦֵ͵͵߻͵͵˺ܶڽԭΪõչˣõͱһʱЩɥڴʱЩʣµŵҲ½½˽ȥ
༧һ˵ʣǼˣǲҽȥˡ˵žǰɫ˹ȥ
޳ͼ˶һۣ漴Ҳ˽ȥ
һ߽ȥ˶һ󾪺ղ濴ǰɫƽ滺߽ʱŷǲпĶԣĸ˸һȥ漴ǰһƬãã߼ʡǰããУϸСĵȻǵϸСһɫС˻𣬷ŭع߽ÿһˡ
ϸСȻ޳ϣͬһɹͬ尾
ǰȫһãޱ߼ʵľ޴磬ѵͷ尾ϸŨܵĵ⼲㹥ÿϣȫ޷ݵʹ

ܵİɫд֮ǰЩʹȫǳ־ǰֻ˷˺ҧİɫСߣ֨֨֨Ϸʱֻգ۹ϵ·Ѿȫ˺ˡ
ͻȻããһŵܲסڱʹźݳȥ
ɽĽݲ㱻̭ˡ漴ãã쳹һԶƺңԶããƺڸǰȻǸղڰ۲š
һ༧ϵ·˺顣漴һߵĽŵԱжȥ
༧
޳һʶ༧ʱ·Ѿ˺飬Ҫȥȴ
ͼȥк˹ܵ׵ܲסѾϥ£˹ǵ׵ϣ˴˿ȫ¦ϱʹ಻סز
ֵ֣ܣҪͦס޳ŵغ漴߶ȻһɫᾧͼסˡһȥЩͼ׵ͻȻǿ󣬶ķĹ¸һ
֣ǡĿˣ˭ҲﲻˣԽܵԽ󡣡ͼ⽹غʱ޳Ҳˣãһ˷ܵĹ󣬶ʱѡȻγɵ׵纣󣬹С϶ͬģ䡣ǰ׵ȴ˶졣Ǿֻǿ󵽳ǿ߲
˿޳вǰв׵纣ǿ߳־塣
ʱͼҧ˵֡ǿܹȥˣ༧߰ɣˡ
˱粽֪ʵãѾˡ
޳ҡҡͷͼ˶ãԼֲܰæֻ༧ķѰҹȥ
ʱ༧ڰ棬ǰһƬããޱߵİɫ磬ûзûֻһļž˷༧壬ϵ·˺ѣϾŮˡ·һ˺飬޷ǰˡ
༧
޳Ӻ·һůӿ༧壬һ˿ɬߵң·ˡڴʱ༧¶Ů˵һ档
ڵ˰ٴ̭
ԪŻ̭

ǵϵغʱҲѾһ˼尾סˡ
޳ˣǽ̭Ŷ̭ôûͼ⣿
ʱ༧ȻһˡߵȻӰ漴޳͸ӦһɱǰðӰ޳ΧЩǿҵɱʹ޳ʶⲻǿˣʵ˳ˡ
༧Сĵ㡣޳һ棬漴ӣضǰЩ˵Ӱӡ
޳ɣǵүү𣿡дһЦ
ڣ޳΢һüԭЩӣɱ档ڵҪѰˡֻˣ˭
ĵӰȻֳǰһӺȵ޳λǱɱıɽٵĺҵˣסʦֵĵӡ
ԭǺһ󱲣ɱ޳Ǿɡ
޳Ȼ˵ɫһ䣬Լɱʦѣֻƴһˡ
վڰеϸСϣȴͬӡʵǿɼһߣ˿̿޳Ŀ壬űⰲŵǰΪ˸ѱɽٱ𣬾Ըǰֻɱ޳
Ӧǿʵ༧ŵ˵޳ʵСĵ㡣ʱ༧˵˶ûз֡
ǲҪɱã޳˵һмȻսɱ⣬Ǿսپɡ
ߺߣСһȣǰͻȻӿһ⣬Ȼ޳ǵ⵽ǰ˲һźס޳ںͻȻܳ΢С硣Ȼڴȥ˷Ļڣ֮ǰçݵĻ𡣻ڹΣԷ
ںĻ޳ڣ޳Ѿ˲ԣ漴ɱӾ˹ȥʱıӣѾޱȣȻͽĸȫ˽ȥ
ղڲԷƹʱ޳˲;ҪѸײڶ֮ɱöڶС


1927 
ʱ޳ʵȻڣ֮ǰԵɺʹ˾޴ԾǵӾȥ˲ͬһشѸӹȥ֮ռһĵ·Ҳ
¶һ˿죬ǰӾƣ˱ɽΪλ޳֣֮ӵԺ۷ֲࡣȻ۷壬˶ʱһĽ֮ɫʧŵǰԽԽıӡ
ʱҵʦҲ̧΢΢޳ѹ˹ĳһɫУȻתŹȥҵʦǺͱɽͬʱǰ֣һһǣΧռͻȻһ硣ԽԽ죬ҵʦһŭȻȥֽʱĵƵ棬ȻӺ湥ȥĵ޳м䡣
޳ڡ
޳ҪΪʦ𡣡

ͬʱŭȻȥǵֻͣһ̣Ĺɢˡʱ޳üһ߶һɽŴ淢ڿѸپ£仯Ƭһ޴Ľɫͷ˿У׺ݵڵҧȥ޾޳ڿݼĽԪ̬֮ΧеĽûɵĽޡ
ڹ޳Уӹ޳䲻ͻȻǡ
ʲô
о޴ĽɫͷȻҧȥȫˡ˵û޳ڿݼԵɺϣҲ뵽Ԫ֮¾Ȼûͷ
˻˻ɫͷһҧӵ壬ǵ漴ҷˡڵʵԶԶ޳ǿĹ˿ûеֿ֮
޳ʵѵǿɫͻȻˣ㵵ʵ
Ҳ֪ǽԪ֮þû̬Ϊ޳ʵѾܻûĴ񾳽硣ȻŵòᣬڣԴ񼶱ҲǺ޷֪Ҫ֪֮ȫϵµĸԺɱκ´ڡ
׼ɡ޳һЦ漴ʩչȻ˺ҵȥ˺ҵ漴һݣ˲Ҵ⣬Էס塣

ڿȻһݺݵ·ҧ¡
䣡
һ޴ĺ¡ɢˣ˺ҵʦһѪҡҡλΡ˵ס˽ޱȵһ
ߺߣ޳¸ڵˡ漴һЦȻ߶ƹȥ΢һ㵺ҵʦǰǰɫγɵҲȻ
ʱ༧ڰſǰ棬ɢ޳ĽԪ֮Уַֻһϻ֮ɫȻȥסˡ
ɫס˺ҵʱ˵ɹҲ˸ǰ޳ǰѸһɫᾧȥ޴£ᾧסһһɢֵʵһ۷ʵ֡
⣬޳пࡣʱȻгһӰ俴ųˡ
ȻǵӰһһƾճһ޴ͷȻϮ˺󱳡
ץ֣
˺޳ͬʱ˳гֵͷ֮ǰ޳ʹץ֡
޳Ƿһ飬ﻹɡǵӰ˵
ʱ˱ϮæȥҵʦҲ΢΢֮ʣ޳Ѹٴ߶Ԫ֮һͷȻ˹ȥͷצŭȻȥޱȵƷ·Ż֮ƣȻ˿ʹġ
ҵʦƲȻݶȥ˲ȥˡ
䣬ɾ޴ϣ漴ʧˡ
ˡ
ȻƺһԼԼ¶ǰĳڡ
޳һңֹ˵лλǰ֪λǰ
޳㲻ؾ¹˵ĵӳӡʦйһ֮ǵӰ˹ֻһݵꡣ
Ŷ޳ʱеһ죬ղſצʹλˣԭΪҲǰ֣벻ȴһꡣ漴˵Ŷԭ¹ǰĵӣȻղŶлˡ
Ǻ˵ʦҪһЯ֣˺ҵȻҪˡ
˵
޳ƺл֮⣬ͷ˵Ȼģʦ˵⿼ɲףŹ˵һأиΣڵء޳һϲ꿴ݣʵȴǿޱȡܺЯ֣ĹؿȻù
ʱֻһ޳༧ӣٳ󡣼ϾҪʧˡ
ǵڿоþûصʱ޳༧ŷɫȥ¶ĳڣ˿̳ˣûˡ
߰ɡ˵漴Ȼ˳ȥ
һȥ㿴ǰյվʮŵӣ׷ڿ俴ǡ
ˣһؼʮ߸˴ȥˡǽҪ׼ܵڶؿˣ򲻱䣬߽ͨأʧ̭𣿡
˶˵ͷ
޳һۿȥղߵҵʦԹĿⶢĿӣ˲䶼һɱ⡣
޳ҪҪҰԸҵʦȻֻʣˣҪøҡ
һɵص˵
ߣ༧һۣ˵ǿɲ㡣
ʼ磺νǴһܰ
ʱֻǰǰ׷˵ǵĵڶȥһС꺮̶ҵ񣬲ʧܾ̭ǻص硣
ֻǰ׷ƣ޳һȺˣɢһɵѸٱãգۼǰĳһС硣ؿɽɽأȺ֣ʵ硣
ȥɡǰ׷Ằһһವһ²رСȥˡǰֳһȫµ磬ɽҰһжһʵȴ֪Щǰ׷Ӵġ
꺮̶ʲôط
ǸȥѰҺأ

һݵĴ֮˶ѹˡʮ߸˱˴˶ţɻ
޳ȥǱѰҰɡ꿴Զһ޴ɽ˵
ǵѰ꺮̶õ꺮̶˼Ӧںشָķȴɽ༧ҡҡͷ


1928 ս
ɽ壬ô꺮̶
ҡҡͷ˵ҸӦһֵ˵ɽķȥʱΧЩŵѾԶˡ޳༧ҡҡͷֻøȥ
翴Ĵǧһȴоһ˿·û̾ס˷Ƭ̾͵ɽǰֻǰɽߴ۾ɽд֡һȥµأʱ޳漴ҲӦһɵĚϢ·ĳֹϵٻ
ɽȥɡ˵
Ҳû޶ʱ䣬޳ʱҲ˺ģ͵˵ͷ
༧˵СλͳʱڼÿˣǻǸϿȥѰ꺮̶ɡ
ǺһЦ˵ѾˣôҲȥɡҪȥԼȥˡ
༧ƲƲ죬εҡͷѾγһӪ㲻ԸҲûֻøɽߡ
ʵǿ󣬵ȴȫСıסȥȻһֻӡ
пˡ֣ܳ˸߲ҵ˵
֮һ·ϵɽɽϣһۿȥֻɽϾȻһ
ףô޳༧ͳ˴磬Ѿ̽˳һЩ࣬ûϢôðһѾ˹ȥߵǰ˵֣
޳༧æ߹ȥֻǰѾܾԶˣƲ͸¶һֹ֮⡣д϶֮ղɽ޳˸ӦĚϢǴﴫġ
üˡֹһ漴ƿ˽ȥ޳Ѿ߽ȥˣֻý롣Ǹս绹İȻҪСĲǣȴЩ־˽ȥ
ڿյأֻһһݴˣϸŨܵһüëûʲô쳣֮
ȻǳüǺЦ
༧Ͻһۣ֣˵ûûСһ鷳ˡ
ʱ˶ûע⵽ӿһɵţ޳ڻ긮кսȻԾһ¡ս˷ӦѵΣˡ޳ʱһȻ߶ȫܾšʱΧǹɵȻȻʲôϣ漴ѸʧΧռͻȻӿһźźš
գ֮䣬ǰĺͻȻһƾһ͸
ô£༧Ȼ˵ʱ޳ǸǱȫ䱸ɫŵ˼㡣
ʱ͸棬ͻȻһĻĻõĳԾãԼϳ·һĻսĳʱǲϱõ͸磬սضɽҡѡǿ˵ֻһ۾ϳ񼶱ս
е͸ɺսɽбضɽҡ·綼ڻһ㡣

ˣ
Ȼóг˽˵Ӱǽڿһλս漴ǽͻȻΪС
ô޳༧һʱǺһЦͻȻȥеó޳󾪣ҪѾֻǰȻһڣ·޴ĺڰ˰漴˶һڳ硣
ǰĺãã޼ʣԵǺضɽҡս棬ɱ޾ŭ
⣬ǲǽսȥˡ
޳㵵˵
ҡͷ˵ôᰡҿͳ˹µȥѰǺ񡣡
ԣҸоһкʵġ༧ڵϣΧϢŵ˵
޳ʱҲָоڻ긮еĺսꪴʱҲԾƺܵĳٻҪȥ
༧˵޳ǵ뿪Ҹоⲻõġ
ȴںź˽ȥ漴һش˳ֻǰгԼֳһӰ޴ɽ׾ˣǾͷ­ռ˰գ޴һɽȺȻͬ
䡭
һ˹·ڲӴǰ޳༧ȫʧɫ˵ܶˡ
䡭
ݺݵĿⶢ޳ˣ漴·ʹ洩ȥˡ
ʱ޳༧˶ŵûɪɪȻ洩ȥˣ˵Ǵ˿ǰһлõģ˲Թߵ硣
һͷȻ˵ֲ̫ˣʱʲô޳֪𣿡
޳ҡҡͷղǸȴһɻ󣬽ôҲ֣ѵеһŶйأԽ޳Խе־岻漴˵ӦǽȥսУ֣⵽ⴳ뻹λͳⰲŵģ
ʱ˶ˣȴɻ󾿾Ϊλ档
޳
һͻȻڿ·ǰ޳̧ͷȻȥֻǰĿԼһ̬ʹһѹǿ޳漴һֻǰֵڻҰȥμӡ
ۻʴˡ
ղŻһνȻȥغ
ۻʴˣ޳༧ʱһȻؿȥ
޳㲻سԾɡһô°ɣǵۻʵ˵
ʱ޳༧ȫˣɻص˵ͷ
޳ۻ˵ղǿǽս˿̽սڿʼһһ䡭׷ĽڽսСǿݼҲⳡսѾ׼ˡȥϣμӽսͿԲ˵ȻսĲп޷ġſеĵۻʷһ̾Ϣ
ʱ޳༧Ѿȫˡ
սЩ̤˵̫ңԶˣ޷
ۻʵ˵ӣ˥˰꣬ʢ˥ףⴳսҲ⣬պϵһˡҼ뿪ҵ׼ȥսȥɡ
ŵۻʸߴ͵ӰȻڿʧܵĺȻɢȥǰһϿȡղŵһоһһ˲ȫʧˡֻص֮ǰĵط
Ͽȣ޳༧һ㵣漴뵽Ī꺮̶ۻֱ͵ˡʱǰһɽȣһϪʣƣСζ


1929 Σķ
ĵط༧̲ס¶˵ɫʱŷﻹֻӣղǺһĻȻûŵӵҲǳԻˡӽѾˣ˴ʱм
Ǻ˵޳ȥ㣬ȥɣˡ˵˳ܵϪˮ
޳ЦЦûȥΧһЩ𣬾Ϫ⡣򲻴Ӻ˼ڻ߿ˡ
޳ǽսÿ£Ҫǲȥһ춼ղǿ¿ֲĳµ˵
޳ЦЦѵ㲻ΪܻŴӽսڴӴ˾µһˡ
ҡҡͷü˵ΪʲôҪɱɱҿһ㶼Ȥʦμġͨദ޳༧Ѿ˽꣬ѧȻ겻ľȴһҲϲǿʤֻϲ֡һ꾹ȻҪһΣѹüˡ
޳༧ҡͷʵڲ֪ôӵһ˾ѧģƴȫ޷ͻȻȻɾץ߾硣üӣ༧˵ʦϹۣȻһûϽĵȥμ㲻ᵽɡ
û뵽༧Ļ궺ŭˣ˵ʦ
༧ҡͷЦʦܺã
ҡҡͷ˵ʦȻҲ˵
ʱѱߵŵζˣ漴Ͳٴ༧һգգؿſĵý۵⣬Ρ
ڴʱ޳ȻȵСģˡ
ţֻԶಷӰɽϿڿоز鿴Ķ
ף֣иտõ⣬ôӰѵǶˣ
֣֦֣ϱҸߡŵӾͷ֪ͨһɱȥÿ⡣
ãսҶ˵İ죬Сġ

漴ӰѸٷֿΧ˹ȥ
޳༧겻ȥ˲ڰز鿴š˲֪գѾ˺ܴ仯ЩʮŵӣŰѾһŶӡʮֻĸǿ߽˶ᱻ̭
ЩڽС󶼰˼СŻ￪ʼɱˡ˭ֻҪɱˣʣµǼ϶ܽȥ
˿̿ŵڷֵϵĻѺͿɱġӰ̽Ѱ޳ѾϢ̽˰ȸ˿ûз
Ҷ֡ǿûˡ¸ղѾɱˡˣĿɡ
ǸлֵŵûˣˣŻĿ⺰
ŵҲѰңѸٸ˻
Ŀ⣬ҿǶ˰ˡҿ԰ɡǻ˵ֱŻԵĿץȥ
ʱȻһ޴ʯ
ŵȥץ⣬Ҳ̲סˣȻӱ͵Ϯ
˻˻
޴ͷ˲ҧӱŵ죬ȻԱӴܣͬʱΧӿᾧͷ˲˺ǵᾧȻϣӵ漴ͷ˳ȥſѪ
ץ֡
ŵɫһԼͬͬʱǰӿһʯȥ
ʯ棬վ˳ҡ˵⣬ҵ⡣
ӣ㾹Ȼڻʦ֣Ĳͷˡɡŵڿֻ߳󣬶ʱһתΪЦȵǿˣʵǿһԶҲС
ȴ˲ùǣǼææܵԵĿ⣬һϧ˵⣬Ҫˡ˵ץһ飬Žųʯ溰޳ǿɣڲҿһ˳ˡ
ʯ滹ˣŵӶʱһȥֻʯгˣЦǺ˵ʦ֣һ㰡𶼳ˡ
ߡ༧һǲشӵʣµ⣬˺һݸ޳Թ˵ȫԱŵӡŵӱɱ빥꣬ͻȻ޳߳ʱһһʱٶ˵
޳༧ſýƵ̻ʣӴΣ붯Լһƣ뿪־ûӣһʱβѡ
ιǼԿǾ͸꺮̶ǣҾͰǡ
ʱ޳ȻͣʣĿ˵
ŵ۾һǶˣһһĭ˵ͷ˵꺮̶ڶ治Զ
޳˵ͷವһа鿾˹ȥ
˼æӹ˵˸ɫ漴Ѹݶȥ
˱Ӱȥ޳˵߰ɣȥ꺮̶
޳ѵ˵Ļ༧΢΢ü˸ղſǶɱģֻǱ͵Ϯһ˲Ųˡ
ţҲҪȥѰңȥѰҰɡ޳˵˴ʱ֪Щŵӽ˶Ըˣ޳ںĸղŻʣµˡ
漴༧˵ͷ걾ȥ룬޳ǾˡӰȻԾŶ淽ȥ
ǽ£غһḻʣɽҰɭ֣ԼԶɭﴫһҰ˻
˰죬ֻǰĵϳһ޴£Ͽһ㵭İ
޳һкһӦϿյİȻγɣԼһɵѵǿߴڣ
ͷ˵ѵ꺮̶
ȥɡʱ޳ʶѾ̽ȥûвΧ쳣֮ͷ˵
漴Ӱವ·ȥǰŨŨİɫҰʲôҲ壬ԼֻܿΧСһֿռ䡣˲·УƽֺʲôҲ٣ʱȴŵز쿴ܡ
Խ·ɣǰɫԽŨңΧߣǰʲôҲ塣
༧ӣעߡ޳ȵ
ʱ޳ͳӽ༧м䣬˲·С
Ȼŵ˵СģˡǽµİɫԼһɵʶ̽޳һݣڰȻյöࡣ


1930 꺮̶
ããɫ漸ҰΪ㡣ʱӰʶϷϷ̽顣
ͱʸһ꣬䶢ϷԱĸɢǿϢӡ˿϶Ũɱ
ӽȥƬ磬ЩŵӾԷˣɱ¾ŵΪԼپʮֻΪ༸ǿ߱¼ȡɱ¾ŵӾͳ˵Ĺʶ
Ƭ±߾꺮̶˿ȴȥѰҺ񣬶ͱ̻ߡղѾ취ɹնɱһŵӡ
ڻмˣǻȻ˵
һ׷˵ˡ
ţǻʱһɣԷ˽϶Ȳʤȯ漴ǻ˵ǵ˸ǰٹ
ʱ޳ҲӦΣգ޳ΧȻӿһӴɽᾧסˡʱȴɢһɫĹâǵâڰɫĺɫɷۡ
޳ǿʶ̽·˿̵ʵܿͲɢɱȻ壬ѹָղϿŵӻ꺮̶λãѲɱ
Сģˡ޳˵˿̵ʵټ꣬༧˸ú¡棬ΧȫҰŽ
ǺһЦ˵޳Ǵˣͬʱֿ˭ʱɱ࣬ʤͰǸø
û޳˵༧Ƚͬ޳˾Ȱɡ
༧֪˿̵޳ʵǿ˲˼زȻҲţ޳ǰ»úԶ
Ǻǣðɡ޳ЦҪ꣬༧ѡ񣬻һ¡
һԭֵģͻȻ¶һ߶Ƚƴӡ
޳ɱݹ༧޳һӣæ˵
˻˻˻
ͻȻɫȻ˴˹ȥЩ˳ˡ
ɱ
޳ͬɷȻ»
޳Χ˲ľ޴޶ݺݵ˺ҧȥ·һͷŭʨӣһھͽһҧ÷顣ͬʱ귢צؾ͵˸ǰ޴ͷ˻ݺһӡ޳漴ϻ֮ɫ˲䱩ǰסһӽɱûҷ
عͷȥץҲ˵ڶˣɫ˲ȻϷӴȥ޳ϻ֮ȥȴһ̣Ѿݶȥˡ⼸ֻգۼ䣬ȥŵֶûп壬ͻҷˡ
޳عͷһΣ༧ϧղ޳ٶȿ죬Ҫɱǻʱǻʵȴһ㣬Ȼϻ֮͹ˡ
ʼ磺޳ô㣬Ƕɱˣȴõˡ
Ȼ޳ʤղɱӿǱŶ༧Ц
һ˵β㣬ǵˣ޳ʤ
ðɣȻ˵ͲɣٱһΣǿ˭ҵ񡣡޳˵
ãô졣أ漴һ̵ȥ
༧æιݹôҪһѾӰˣ༧ֻýشߴ޳޳ҲȥɣǼһˡ
ߡ޳ͺһȻһӰ·ȥ༧ҲŸˡ
·˰ʱֻΧռԽԽ䣬̹ǵֱ꣬༧Ѿ̲סҧطɵ棬ܵˣԼܿ
ʱ棬ֳһ޴ĺɢˮ⣬ںϿոһõɫһ溮Ǻϳ
༧̲ס˸䣺䰡
Ӱٴ˺Ͽգǽ¾ǺԣһƬ
꺮̶༧ѾĻʱ޳ȴһʶ̽ȥ漴ӦһɵǿϢˣ޳һȻϿУϸ·̽ȥ漴㿴ںԱߵľһʯ
ѵǶУ޳ϲغ漴˺ԥǸɽȥ
ɵǰͣС˽ȥǰֳһĻ
ֻǰɽһܶؽ糣ܶŵͷܵĶϸı⡣һɴ̹ǵĺӶܴ༧ɪɪ˶˹䡣
޳ݹѾȥˣȥõ񡣡ʱ༧ȴĶ򣬵ĵ˵϶ܶѾȽȥˣ༧ʱҲȻ
޳ʱһůע༧ڣǵעʱ༧еһů
༧ǸϿȥɡ޳˵漴˱ȥ
ܶڲ󣬽ȥȴܿ޳༧ƻ߼ڱм䴩ȥʱȻҲϣӮֵ꣬ѡ񣬾Ͳöһˡ
˰ʱǰܶȻһһһֻ֮ߣȥ岼ͬǵ㡣
Ǳ͸ɫһԼΣ˿͸һҫĺ
Ǻ񡣡༧ʧеʱǲſ棬ŵӰҲһڡ
ȥú񡣡
޳˲ٵ˵ŶӰžһ˽ȥ
ɽȥŷǲȻһ޴ϣһ캮ڱɼ΢΢̽ȥǱͬɽ޴
ǿıϡ޳΢΢üΧ˲ӿһŻ棬ϻ֮ȻűϹȥž޴Ѹ˿űϣڻǿ˿£ǲϷȴ˿ûһ˿ڻļ
޳һԾʱϻ֮ѾͬСɣǼҲڻȴκβϡ
ʲôϣ޳ɻ濴ȥĿȻ䵽ԶʱԼҲ۲ǰıϡ
༧˼˵޳Ӧ꺮̶ļ֮ɣ޷Ƶġ
֮ѵ޷𣿡ʱ޳ȥȴ˿ܴǱϰ֡ǿĵȥǱϸûһ˿Ӧ
ô죿޳ɵһ󽹼ʱһɹ溮֮ӵɢֱ䡣
ܶһ溮з·Ҳɪɪ


1931 
УޱߵļžǾ޴ıϺһ麮ҫţƺ֮ȴ޷Ѿü˼˰ˣղŷצֹȥȴ޷ϡͺ˸еϢĳƣ˹Ǵ溮еʹ
оˣڤ˼Ȼ֮ԺкȻһ룬˯޾˯̰ԡһȫͨµСӣʦ¹˶ʲôϣΪⱲӾججĶȹˡ
˭Ҳû뵽£겻֪ôȴצֵ߾磬¹˶ȫȻˣʦź˾ѧǻβ졣ȴʹǰһÿ˯˯˳ԣجج¹ֻñ̾Ϣ
ʱԺ֮УȻԼֳһģĻ棬ֻһ޴ڿУϷâЩâȻԺγһľͼ
֮ͬʱڵһǾͼˡһž绺ȫ֫ٺе
̲סһ䡣ûע⵽ͷʱɢһɵ
ӡһͻȻԺȻܿȥȴһӰ
㲻ؿˣʦͽ֮ԵۣƽٽʹҲȡ˺ȥɡǵŵ˵
ۣȴ˵һʱȻ̧ͷпȥ
ֻ˵ӣȡ˺Ҷȥ
ʱȻϿɢһ˲סϿȡѸӿϿڵȻڻˣһҫâĺ漴˳
񡣡ɲǼ伸Ͽڵ˶ϲſиֳĺץȥ
Ƶʯ˲ץסһ麮ϲ޳õˡ
عͷȴȻϿֻʣ߰˸ˡһйʮˣ֮ǰ˴һ룬ֻʣ߰˸ˡʱϿ߰˸ڻضˡ
һɱ¾١
ֻ߰ĸлȥʱ̯ơ
ʱ޳༧Ҳõ˺ضΧŵӡЩŵΪͬܶؽ磬ٱ˴˶ֻ֪޳༧ȫİԴʱ˶Ŀⶢǡ
֮ǰߵҵʦǻĿǳɱ޲ý޳༧˺顣
ӣһɱˣҶԼˡʣµµȻ˵ʱǻ˵
֪ʵǿȻջ֮ǰ޳Ϊɱ޳ˣҲ˲˳˵ȥɱ޳༧ʣͲˡ
༧һΨмƣЦӣɱϵɱһ㡣
ߣɱңһʱǹУֱڳӯ·ӿһޱӴƺҪ籡ɱⰻȻ˵޳Һ㻹ûȳ£ٱһΣ
ðɣҪǾͱȰɡ޳ɵЦվߣʱһɡ
ҵʦǳ鴤һ£ɫ˲ѿ֪ʵǣһ˿ʤ㡣Ǵ˿깫Ҫվ޳һ߶Ըǣʱһľ
국һҵʦı鵱Ȼûӹ۵ף˱ġҵʦҲǰͳǰȴ޳ŵη塣ʱһˣ֮ǰ̭ʱʣĿȫʵǿŻԲ
Ȼɱǻٺȵҵʦҵס޳ɱ˳ӡ֪ԷʵǿȷȳһʣµľͺöԸˡ
һЦȻϿȵúãɱ
ǵͳɱУͷͻȻһѸΧԼԼֳһ޴꣬Ȼ·ŵӵͷ¡
䣬޴İȻȥʱŵĳ⽴
Ͽ˶ˣֻһУһƺһ𡣶и磬ƺˡ
ۡҵʦ˲һ˿ˡƺ˵ĵڶҵʦǻ¡
ʱһͺס֣漴ǰһѾصܶؽ硣ǰĿ˵׷ӣ㵵ؿꡣ
ǳˣ޳༧ȻܿȥǰֵĺȻ֮ǰڵĻҰ
ҵʦͻӹһ٣ңͷѡղһǸ㲻Ҷȴͳ켰ʱˡ
Ұ޷磬
ǰ׷Ȼ꣬˵ӣϲΪ۵ӡ㲻ٿˡԸ⣬ʱӭ
۵ӣȻţ˱ѾϲˡۿɲһڣҲʵμΪʵɣܵõ£ЩŵҲ뵽
ɦɦͷٺ޳Ц޳²úˣʦҸȥˡ˵仰ֻӻϿУ漴ʧƲ
벻ɵСӾ컪Ⱑֻһ׷̾Ϣ˵
ۿǺܾûͽˡⳡٲԶˡ

̾Ϣǰ׷Ŀ޳ˣ˵˴һʳһԱˣɡ˵׷漴Զפطȥ
ÿˣǱ¼ȡˡ༧ϲغǻҵʦҲҰҲ漴¶ϲɫе˸ղѾɱʣ֪޳༧֣ڵĽĿ޳ûɱǣȴû뵽¼ȡˡ
ǻһЦݺݵص޳һԶȥˡ
˿ѾʽһԱǲڲɱ¾ģԼʹ޳ɱǿҲûл˹ҵʦҲſϲȥ
˳ȥСˡ޳ϧ˵ѾɱģҪ֮ˡ
һ˼ڻҰϿշУ޳ԳڸղǺһ˵༧ղһĺ˭Ҳֵס
ۿʵǿģ֣ôᱻۿϣ༧һ޷ݹֱ̰̰˯Ȼô컯
޳˵ˣ缴٣Ҳͽⳡ޷̸ˡ
˵䣬ֻǰλͳѾȥ


1932 ս
ڻҰϵһųǳϣһ޼ʵĻǳԵúͻأؼ䡣
ǳϷƲ޴׶ͷ­ؿܡ
ǻʳǿµפء
ӰǷԲʮﶼκ˶ܽȥعųѾΪʳصĵطû˽ȥҲû֪ų澿ʲô
޳༧վڹųǰӦһǿѹʹ˲òͷȥ
λͳ˶һۣһ׷˵ҵʦ㱻ֵΪţǵţ༧ţ޳š
ǴʽһԱҲҪ֪ĹءŸ𱣻פذΣŸ𱣻ʳŸάƽ⡣ǸȥС̽ϢﻹľŴɣǶҪסǰ׷΢΢̧ƣֻɢһɵ⻪Ȼ޳ȥ
漴Ժͳһͼһֱ˹ѸǶԺȥˡ
۾ԺЩɵ־سǰЩɹɵֽԶǶǼ˻˳ʧ
ˣǿȥԵĵطȥˡǰ׷˵ڹųǳصϿͻȻĵţֱţţţšĵͬڳǳϿգÿﶼɢ⣿
޳༧໥һۣȻŸԵȥ
У׷俴ţһ˵¼ȡĸźʱǸȴˡ
ʯ֣Ȼʲҵ޳Ͽսꪣ˵ⳡѻйϵ
ߣľҲ̫߿޳ˣƾһھ磬ʹսߣҲ˶á

ʱ޳Ѿ˹УǵŽеĽⶸȻʧҲرˡ
޳ǰһ޴ĸɽɽվɽһ㵭
޳ɽ漴ؼ䴫һѹ޳ʱһݡԥǸɽȥɵǸɽ·һʱһֻڽµɽּ䣬·洦ɼһһ߱ĿһɹǿǿϢӵӿһ·ȥɽϲ֪ߣȴ̧ͷһۡ
ɵɽɽһΰ˿ڵǰһ̬͵İ׷ͷǰһ󶦡
޳µأǰ׷˵޳ݼͳˡ
ţ޳ˡͰ׷Ӳδͷ˵ҹŵİʮ߸Աҹа˰ʮԱѾȥһ룬ֻʣİٶ֪ⳡѹ󣬻ٵӣ
ͳˣѵûа취ⳡ𣿡޳Ȼʵ
ǰ׷Ȼת˵⡭ô⣬սѾ졣ܶؽ粻սҲɲˡ޳֪սжп𣿡
޳ҡҡͷЩǿ߲ܲ£ͨ˽ȥֻڻң޳Ҳ֪ս
޳˭Ҳ޷ѣǵ˴֮ʱⳡֻڼС֮С˭뵽̶̰ѾʮС˽ȥˡ
񣿡޳ʱһսǾͲͨսˣǻս
׷ӵ˵Ѿмλˣ޷ѽ򾳽ĸ޷ѡҿǰڱ߽Ȼ⵽Ŀ͹ֹ
׷ӵ˵һ˿С޳ȴ˾κˡ֮սǿߵı˴ɱ¾ֻ񣬶޷ѡ
ǧǿڽĿ˴ɱ¾˰꣬ǧֻʣ²һ롣ʱǺĿ紦ս״̬޳ǵǽĿ͹̽ǵľ飬Ϊṩ鱨𣿡
Ŀ磿޳Ȼʵ
ǰ׷ͷ˵ǹžרŸȥ̽鱨
޳ǰ׷ӺȻָǰǾ޴Ĵ˵޳ɻ˹ȥ
ֻǴ󶦼޴ͨ屻ΧȥʱһǶ棬дʱֳһĻսĳ档ڵĻ£֧ԡѪսеɫݺᣬһǿӶرѣҷ𡭡
ͳˣʱս޳㵵ʵ
ԣ㿴ľǺĿĽ򣬱ﲿ˶ǧǿߺ൱ǰ֪Ǵһǿߣлдʵڣǵ˵ֵסѾˡǰ׷˵ϸ¶쳣ɫȻż
սɲ֮սսڻңͨ˸˵ˡһСǿ޵ģܶؽ㾡Ҳǧǿߣȥͻ
˿޳ҲĿǰƣЩڴϿѾڽսǰһš
ǰ׷漴޳һЩעȥˡ
ҹɽһƬšɽеǶ޳һʰ棬ҪȥϢȻһĻ쾰סˡ
ǹ
ڰɽУһòªĶĿˣһ¡
ǹ⵭ϣĿƺڱĿȻֻ̧ͷȻһ롣ʱеǹͬܵâſĿ롣
¡޳ʧ˵֮ǰ˵һֹ¾ɹһڽһ
ȻǶĿŤͷ޳ڷλһ˹
һǿ֮ӿ޳˲ͱ˹ȥ޷ܡۿӱգ޳ͺһԪ֮˲ûһ޴ɫͷȻǶĿһҧȥ
ǿΧؿռʱɽЩضһǿಷ˳ȥעĿ˿ȥ
޳ɼǶĿ˷ȥʱɫͷҲݺҧȥǶĿ˷һ΢ףȻͷǿһץ漴ֻǹȻһŰŽ޹ȥ
䣬ɽж΢΢һɢ޳Ҳͣ˿У΢Ц˵ǰ
ǽǸԱɣȻӡȻܵסҾŲ˵һСǶĿ˹Цβסȡ
ԭǾŲˣ޳ʧˡ޳Ȼҵס˾ŲһУҲһ亹Ųʵǿ󣬿½ˡ


1933 д
޳ȻܵסŲ˵£ѵҲ۷壿
һȻӵϴ漴·һŮӡһɫâıһ˫Ŀⶢ޳
Ǻǣϼӣ㲻Ϊûܵסһ˰ɡУŲЦǺ˵
ϼӺһ޳һ˵ŲϹ֣ٹ¾Ƕ״ᣬҿɲ뵽ֵıˡ
Ų˺ǺһЦ˵״ǵۻ֣ʵ˱ȻģʵˣҲû˵
ʲô״᣿˵޳ȴһɻ
Ų΢Ц˵޳֪״ᱦÿ궼ɵۻʴ֡μֻǰ¼ĳԱʵǿ߿ɵõۻʹ͵ıЩɶ¼亱ġͷҲۺ죬ϧҲܲμˡ
޳жʱһۻʴ֣ʤ߻õۻʴʹͣѵõĻᰡ
ϼӿ޳¶ϲɫõ˵޵Сӣ״ɲһ㣬ЩҲμӵĵӶǰ겻ţߣȰ㻹ͷɣȡ衣
ϼҲŽ꣬Ҳһţһɫаͷ־͵Ź״ϼѹȺۣʹ͡ۻʵʹͿɲһƵ챦֮о޴
ϼ濴޳Ȼס˾Ų˵£ʱһġҪ֪ѾҲˡ
ŲҡҡͷһĪذڰˡ
ʱ޳˵лϼѣȻǵۻҲȥʶһ£ʱ顣
ߣ޳㡭ϼһ뿪ˡɲ֪޳ЩﲢȤۻʡͨԽս˽⣬޳Լоۻʿ֪Ǹ˵ȴμȥսС
ɽ絭ָֻ˾š޳ҲصԼϢˡ
۾͹ȥ˰£棬޳ÿվڶɽвؼȴֻƾͻȡ޳ڸսȥ繦δȻҲֻ̾ˡ
Ųƽʱѵ֣˺޳Ųʵ޳ȵüʹȫĶҲ죬ܿܵסŲˡ
ҹŲһ޳ǺŪģԾŲ˵ʵȻѡʯϰžƲˣ˳Ժ
һ󣬾Ų΢Ц˵޳Ƕ״ˣʵһԣμ𣿡
ţд˴㣬֪ͬʵΣϼʵСӡ޳˵
ϼҼĵӣɫŮɫľȻֻڣȴ۷ȡȣ»
ѾͷԸ߰һֱΪ״һĪΪ˵õۻʹܻͣʹֶΡʱ޳ҪСġŲ˵˵޳һмŲȻòªȴˬġ
һƣŲе㲻ʤǰȥˡ
޳ѾŲͳţתͿϼǰУؿ
ϼʦ֣ôп˵ɡ޳æ˵
ߣ޳ˣǶ״ᣬ׼ôˣϼ˵漴һĨɱȻɢ˳Ƕ״ᣬʱڶͬŶǰϲϼӣȻȻΪƾʵ϶ʤʹϼӷӱ˵ӣʸμӶ״У޳Ψһһв
ϼ׼̽޳ʵжǿǰ׼
ʱ޳ҲӦϼϷɱ漴һݣ׼
޳ҿζ״Ķ֣ھдһ°ɡ
ϼǷ˵Ц⣬漴ȻӶɫ޳һ
ɫ˲䷢âɫЩâҲŽɫâƮƮͬ˿ƺһ˿˲ȸһʣ·һһ
ɫ쵵Ĺ̻ţ޳һ˿Ӧһ˿ɱͬů
ǣʱ޳ɫȴȻɫ쵵ĹΧĿռһ˲봺˿С
΢أȫ޷ܡů紺ĸо˼Χ֪ȥӵ˿

޳ڵһ㣬ɫȴ嵽˼㡣Ҳ⣬ղϼӳֵɲûзᾧû뵽侹ȻʵĽ
ɫ쵹âȴ޿ܵ޳ϣ޳üĵȻƺڻˣ˲ͱǵâѪۡ⻹ϼûȫȻ޳о޴Σա
Ѫζ˲ܳɫ쵵Ĺâжһ˿ûһ˿ʹࡣ
Ȼ޳ڻ긮кսȻԾһ޴ڹ
ǵڹԻصȻա
еɫ쵹âʱɢ˲䣬޳ӿԪ֮ûһ޴˻Ȼϼһҧȥ
ϼɫһݣ˫ս漴ֻһɫƶס˽ޡǿѹʹɽǿȫˡಣһӰӵ·Ͽȥ
ǿǽʲô
Ȼܵסϼӵɫ޳򵥰
ãϼǶסˡ

һƬУȻ˺ƶ䣬ݺݵϼҧȥɫƶɢ˲䣬ϼɫȻ漴˳ȥ
˸ղ֣ⷬӮ棬ղϼȫ޳˿Ѿˡϼӵɫȴסޡ
ȻɽϿշһЦֻһӰٷ
ͳˡ
ͳˡ

ܵǿ߷׷кǵӰɵǰ̬͵Ĺͳˡ
޳ϼҲϽ߹Ŀԣ漴ϼŭغһŤͷȥղŵһսӦƽɫ޳ʤһ
ͳ˹ЦŲˣǿǺþûпôʵдˡСһﶼǵۻʴ֮
ٺ٣Сһɻڣʵ۷ˣͳˣǽĳɾͻ᲻
ǾŲҲ΢Ц˵˿޳ϼСһҪ֪˿ɶˡ
ͳˣղѾռϷ磬޳ʵűȲҡϼ˳ǣʱ˵


1934 ״
ͳ˺;Ų˶Цˡǿɶ֪ϼӺʤǿ䡣
޳ʵڽˣ״ɷǱѰ֪ҲкܶĴڡͳ˵˵ÿ״ᣬпкܶڣҹôҲֻùһνףͿܲնˣͳ˵꣬漴ȥˡ
ϼӺݺݵ޳һۣתҲȥˣŲ˺ǺЦѾͷˣƢôʤζ״֮ҲҪȥִˡ
޳ɻʵŲǰѵûִй𣿡
Ų˵㰲ֻҪսһҲȥ̽鱨ڽսڱǽ½ҲҪȥִˡ
޳ŶһһǣսĲпͿģЩ˼Ҫ̤սȥӭһпս
գǶ״еӡ
פϳǳǰĻҰϣۼˣѹѹһƬǧˡ״ӰһۻʵʹֻǱ棬ʵеպ
޳Ⱥз༧ʱ˵ú
޳ҲҪμӶ״𣿡˿һûмˣȻ˵֮ѾԸ鿴ĺܵĮȻβסм༧ʵԼʵȴͷˡ
š޳ͷͬʱ㿴ԶҵʦǻԹضǻߴӵһȺ꣬ٲȻԾӡ޳ʱһݣʵǿܹδѣһ㡣漴̸ͨ޳֪༧ֵţҪάһѾȥִ˼ˡ
ҪάʶܶؽһֻЩ쳣бʵĴڣǵע⡣
˵ͬʱ˿ֻǹųǳϻһ̨䣬âȻȥ漴һӰ·ųǳȥ
һǿѹȻӸ̨ӿ
˿ڸ̨ϵܶؽϵȨߵۻʣΧ
μۻʴˡ
ͻȻ쳹أ·ǧʿһһº
ɡۻѹ˵кһ޷ܵѹǵĿ⿴˸ǾҪۻʴ˿͸ܣ޲Ȼͷȥ
·ȺзӰſеĵۻʷȥͳ죬ֻǸ̨Ȼȥ漴гһǵۻʴ˶ף±λͳ漴¡
һȵĶ״ᣬҲѡ˵ʱλͳ죬п츳ˣ
ۻѹ˵ȻȴλͳԺ·ǧԱȴ˿˵
ۻʴˣǵŽһλ֣ڵĸȴѾ۷ʵˡǵͳ˰Ͳסм˵ķһ΢⣬·ȥǵ΢ȺĻ˳
ۻ漴Ŀ⿴ȥ΢΢׵˵ţ۷壬Ǹӡ
ۻʴˣʲôŽյڵĦղǿ˵ͳҲһ΢·ȥ΢гһɮˣȻΧУҳһſɮȴĿͬšͷɢ


ȻЩǽĴ񾳽磬ȫϳɮĶⷨţһġ
漴ͳ¶˵֮ɫպǿڣɮͷɢĵʱסͳ죬һʱ˵ƺĦһ֣˶϶״ʤ߷Īˡ
ۻʵĿ⵭ɨ·һۣȻ˵ͳ죬ǹŲиϼ𣬾˵Ҳ죬ôҲսĦգ
صۻʴˣȷʵҹŰһҲĦյĶ֣ǹͳ촹ͷɥ˵лŽϼӺ޳ţǹһڶ״ʣû뵽žȻһ˵ĵӣҲܺȰɡ
λͳ죬սٽսҪΪ֮ʱ뽫Ķ״ʤ߶ĸһʹΪΣϣֻۻʵ˵
ÿ״ʤֻһˣõۻʹ͵챦Щ챦еģ˵ÿǾԵܰ硣
ۻ˵ͳ첢δ¶ϲɫͳȴһϲĸȻ˾Ͷһϣˡ
ʱڸ̨棬Ų޳ϼӽпܲμӶ״ǿߡ
ϼСѾͷͱ޳ˣ״ϳ޳ǻкܶǿߣƶǸš
Ų˵ϼӺ޳Ŷ濴ȥֻڶȺһźµӵؿˡ
޳ȻʵŲǰôˣѵҲˣ
ٺ٣ǿɱСţǰ˥ĴɽڵΨһˣѾˣҲȥſϡʵɲ⣬˵ǣͷҲûаӮ
Ųɫص˵漴޳༧ҲȺлĻǸɮˡ
ʵڶ״ٿǰ죬ЩϣμӵĶǰ̽ŵ˸֣Ա˴˶˽⡣
ϼӵ˵޳ⳡٻ˲֮£ʤˡ
޳ǵһβμӣûбֳĿϼȴѾμ˺üˣȻһֳ˿
ϼѾͷ޳ҪעǸɮˣʶ̽鲻ʵɮеʱŲü˵
޳˵ͷмؿ˾ŲһۣλǰΪǿǡ
ʱӿеǴϺȻһۺĺ
ţ״Ͽʼ
ǵ˵ͷĿкȻһ̨Ʋ棬ʮһ׷ӷɵ̨ϣɨ·ǧӣ˵״ڿʼ˿̨սˡһӮʮ߿Խһ֡漴ǰ׷ӷȥ
ಣʮӰ漴·Ⱥȥ
״ֻǵ㵽ΪֹΣաҵۻϷۿȻܶ˶֪ԼʵȴȻӻԾμӣۻӡ
µǧʿʱһɧ˶̧ͷſпȥ


1935 ͨ
еʮ̨棬Ѿһһɱˡ
޳ΧȥֻǻͺҲ˿Ȼ˴û˵Ŀȴ˽䱸ȻǶ֪˴˲Ķ֡
޳㿴ɮˣ༧Ȼ˵
޳ŤͷȥؿɮͷԽԽŨңԼֳһɫӡ
ĴӡŲ漴˵˿ɮͷֳĴӡľѧڴӡ޳˲֪ǾŲȴǺ˴ӡĿֲʵ
ϼҧ촽ϵı˲ΪȻԸ߰ԼҲǾڣԾŲ˵ĻвΪȻ
Ųˣɱ𾡿磬ѵһս֮û𣿡ϼ΢΢˵
Ų˺Ǻ˵ϼѾͷȱ𼱣ҿû˵ûһս֮Сĵ㡣ɮʵӦġ
ߣҲŲܡƫҪԡϼӺһ
Ųҡҡͷ޳֪ϼƢٶ˵̧ͷпȥ
еʮ̨ϣʱڼսΪۻʺͳ춼濴ţ˶Եúܼ֪Լ޷ʤȴȫսͼۻºӡ
䡭
̨ϵɫȥһЩӶʩչʣɫ쵣ƺдԣڱݡÿȴҴ⣬ΪֻҪ΢һ⣬¶־ͻץסὫԼ̨ܽһŶʵ̨ϵƾʹҰ·ڲ
вҽһһӱִ̨Щ˸ǿߣʵ΢ǿӮһѾܲˣۻҪǱӮʮܽȥһ֡
ս˰죬ֻ̨ϳһ¡üӮ峡⣬ȻûӮϡ
֣Ǻź͸ɮôϳϼŤͷȺ̩ȻˣȻ˵ԼѾѰ̲סҪ̨ˡ
ٺ٣ϼѾͷɱ𼱡ŲЦǺǵ̨ϴ֣˶֪Ļʤ߻Ǽ֮䣬Ǵʱϳڵñȳ֣ò鿴˵ʵ
ǰ̨ϳĲЩһǿߣҿЩĴڻڵȴ༧Ҳ˵ûȤȥǽŵع۲ƣ޳ż
ʱԶųǳϿյĽǵǵۻҲ΢Ц˵ЩŶĻڵȴȳ֡
ۻʴˣЩСһﻹȤǸɮ˺ϼҲζ״ţȴų֡·ĵͳ˹˵
³֣ǴΣҲǻʤһɮˡʱͳȤ
ѵýܿôλͳ˶Ȥ漴ǵۻҲ΢Цͷͬˡۻʵͷͬ⣬ͳ˵Ҳϼӻʤ
ҲǺŻʤ
Ҳɮ˻ʤ
漴ͳҲ׷ױ̬ǵۻ΢΢һЦ˵λͳ죬Ҳ޳ʤ²λͳˣͳ춼Ҫʤһô
޳
˶һ㵣漴ǹͳ΢Ц˵ۻʴ˺ҲӮɮˡ
λͳĿ漴Ͷ·޳һɻ޳ʲôˣôۻʴ˵ӣ
ʱֻ·Ȼɧۻʺ˶һ㵡
ˡ
Ǹǧ겻ľţ̤۶ǰμģΪƾԼһܻӣΪҪ޳ȴ޳ܣзŭ״ᣬȻпʤȴ˺ܾã̲ס̨
ʱ䣬̨ҲѾֻʣˡһӮ峡ӮʱѾս˳ûڵϢָ
̨˵һɡ
仰ڣ̨̨°Զۿĵۻʵ˶һҪ֪ܽȥĸǿߣʵǿӮҲжʵˣ¶۷ڣ۷ڣû˸Ҵ⡣
ôĿѵʤ֣ʱӮ峡Ǹ췢ӲŭЦ·һЦ¡ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҳ漴˹
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦּȻôǾΣ췢漴һ˿˵˸ղսѾĵܶ࣬нţȴսһϲٳսȥǿɲ֧ˣȴԻһҲԼڲ֮ء
ÿĿȻһȺʱǰ㵵ҪһսҲ¡
ߣÿĿϼһͲס̨
ϼСѾͷɱ嶯Ȼ˵϶аգȵȵȿɡŲæ˵
̨ϣĿ⿴ҲԷˣ˵λʦ֣һְɡ
ߣ̨˲ɱȻҲ˵ӷӴİɫȥ
ʱǺ췢ӷİɫ˸ǰͻȻһŰȻֹȥ˰档͵ȻŨȥס˸ǰȫһƬãã˿ǰŸͺһͻȻϵĻ۷Ȼˣȥ
һɺصƣǿѹʹ·˶ɫͬؼһɾ޷硣
г̨ÿһռƺڲ޴ʹÿƺҲͲˡ
ʲô˲ɫҰ漴˲ö룬Ѹ·ݶȥ
ʱʲô
ȻֻһоǿߣԹԡ

̨һƬ㵡˶̧ͷȥϷ̨Ǹ溬ƣͬ˰丩
֮Ų˵
֮޳ϼӶһɻ
֮֮ϹŴعϵĹ֮һʧ벻ȻõˡΣŲ˽ͣȻǾŲҲǾѡ
֮Ϲžѧ֮һʧŲǿߣû֪ˡ漴ҰҲһ㵡
ǻ֮ǰڳԣ˶ΪȻֻǹƣ֮һʹܶʱѻȸϹʧѧǿɶĹղŸȻû߾磬Ѿˡ
ⰡⰡдۻ΢΢һ̾Ϣ


1936 춯
ս䡭սꪳ꣬˴ˣͬ˿ͻȻϹʧѧ֮һж޷ġʹۻҲǵһμ漴ӿͷǸǿҵĵǡ
һзƺԤʾһδĽѼˡ
ⳡֻ޷ˡ

ۻʴˣ⣬Щǿ񼴽䣬ҲµʹͽЩСһϡͳ漴̾Ϣһ˵
ۻʵ˵ͷȻվ΢Ц˵ŮɫľϹžѧ֮սꪣǺţĸ˿ɶ֮˵˭Ӯ󣿡
ĸͳҲ㵲ѣ̲סվŵۻ·ȥ
̨ϣһЦҪģϹžѧΪľڽն״ᣬŵۻʵһˡ޳ˣǵʵѱ¶ҲѾӦ֮ߡ
һŴ̨ϴ޳ɸһս
Ȼֱ޳ս֮ǰϿʵ޳˿ж޳֮ǣ뵱ǧ˵޳˴֣ܲǱ˴ܵ衣һǿ޷ܵġ
£ǧĿˢһ뿴޳˿ЩĿȫ޳һѺŲ˶üͷղŸһУŲ˿ǿú޳սꪵƽ֣˭Ҳѱк֣˵ղֻ߳ɹǸʹȫ޳ذܡ
ʱ༧Ҳǰδеؽţ˵޳ղǸ̫ǿˣҪ˿϶裬ɴ಻ȥˣٲμӰɡ
޳ָҪս㣬ҿĺսҲ֣ɴȥ˶ϼȴ˿޳ΣЦ˵
ϼӣ㡭༧ŭ˵ϼӡ
ϼһͷ˵ô˵ˣҶ¡
ϼСѾͷ˵ˡʱŲֹϼӣ޳˵޳ȥս𣿡
޳˵ͷ漴̨Ͽշһҽս
ڳǧȻĿ£޳Ӱһ̷̨
еĽʱһ漴˵ã޳ҾͲˣһСȻһǿΧӿ𣬷·ط׵֮йӴĺƹȥ̨ΧĿռ漴һһݣŤΣƺͬǻһ㡣֮Ϲλ׵ĺ˾ѧ߾ԷݻصֻɣԶԶﲻ
սꪡ޳źڻ긮ĺսꪷ·ܵ˸Ӧ漴Ծ
һ޴ĺڹȻ޳ӿգĻ˺һڹһӾʹ͸ӿǿơ
䣬ɾ޴ײһ𣬺ڹǹǿĿҲ漴һ޳͸Ӱ˲Ʈ˳ȥ
޳ȻҵǿСУǸѪ죬һͷƮƮͬϮ˵
˸ղֻ̽ųֻ֣ĳ޳ҲǾ޴ѾõǧǿȫɫÿжһȻ֪Լܲܵס
̨Ͽգ˶˿У˴ضŶԷ
ʱ޳Ҳ󾪲ĺս֣ꪳȻûκε˶ԷȻЩС
޳״ֻһʤߣĺսκβңȰ㻹ǹԹɡܵס֮ķϣҷһǿһ˵
㳹״޳һǸղʹ֮ȻռϷ磬ȴûκε˶Է漴ͷϾ滹ǿ֣־ڻýףȻ뱻޳̫ʵ
޳˵ŶղŲҪһôָıˡҲ
޳㣿һȻ߶ȫһӿӴĺȫһղǵϢιŷ֮׹
׹ʧɫҰ٣Ҳпռȫ̮Ť޴ĸ¡¡һɽȥ
޳СġµȺ༧ŵؽг
ҰϿգкȻֳһ޴Ľͷ
ޣؼĽԪŽ۶ȥ޴ͷڷӿĽѸգۼ䣬һɸߵĽͷȻƶˣ漴Ȼ˻һ͵Ÿݺҧȥ
ڴʱ޳ΧҲ˲ӿһӹȥ֮Ŀռ˲ͬһжͣˡ
䣬ǵӺ͹ĺһɢӴ֮˲ѹ޳壬ξ𶯣۵һѪڴʱ޳ȴӹһ˿׾Цݡ
о޴Ȼҧȥɫ˲޿µͷ˺ѷһҧϡ䣬һӰ̨Ϸ˳ȥȺ
У޳йѪҡҡλɫ԰ףȴ¶һ˿΢Ц
ˡ
ҰһƬţ˲ȫȻ̧ͷſҡҡλε޳
޳Ӯˡ
ղǽɫͷʲôÿ¡
޳ʹʲô

漴γѵЩʿ
ԶֵĽǵۻüͷһ壬˵Ŷˣ޳ڿݼѾ˽Ԫ̬֮ûޡ
ˣǶˣ޳ǿݼг˵õλ˺սꪵһʽʽ˽ޡǹͳҲ漴˵
λͳʱ¶֮ɫһȻ˵޳ղŲûʹսꪵһʽҲʵǿС޳
ѵΪ޳ýʤͳ첻õʵȻ޳£һпʵλɮҲǶš
ֻۻʵ˵ǱˣɽڵĽųˣǾɡ
漴˶Զ̨ȥ
һӰѾ̨Ͽգ޷ԶһɵǿϢǺš
޳벻㾹ȻܴܸǶ͹ˡŵ˵һʶ޳̽ȥʵжǿ
޳漴ӦǹʶüȻҫȻһʶֿȥҲشţ²һʱңҲҪһ𣿡
ǽʶ̽ȥȴӦһǿһæջ˵սꪾȻ䵽ϣ֪λ񴫸ģɷ֪
޳ǵڶκս֣ꪳԳ˵ȴСϹħ޲TڡŴ˿¶档


1937 Ѫӳ
ţһսɡһöͻȻ·漴һɫӰ̨
ϼ̨ˡ
״ѾֻʣǿǼˡȻϼӲͷˡ
ʱ̨ȺǱĿɮ˺Ȼ۵˵޳ĺսꪰɡţһӰҲȥ
ȫɧˣ⼸ϵǿ߰ͲסҪˡ
е̨Ʋƣɱڣĸǿ߻ؿű˴ˣж
ȫ˷ܵغˣĸ˿ɶǶţҲǽ״Ҫ㡣
˵ĸ˭ʤҶɮˡ
ҲɮˣòϼҲǶء
ٺ٣¿ˡĸɶǶǿ߰

һƬУԶĽǵϣϷ̨ۻʵҲ׷һݣ̨Ͽȥ
ĸվ̨ƿǲСҲηö㿪ˡͳȻ˵漴̧ͷȥȻųǳϿеҲȥˡ
ۻ΢΢һݣ˵η㿪ĸһڣѵϼӣɮˣ޳ǽҲк˾ѧ
ͳ漴ųǿʶ̽ȥȴʯ󺣣޷֪̽
˵Ļʤ߻᲻ǽţۻ˼˵
ͳҲ漴ҡҡͷ˵š
ۻʸղȻѾӶ״Ϊ˶ʵ˽⣬ԲͣǼȤؿš
ʱǿе̨Ѿţһˡ
ǧʿ濴ȥȫ˷ˣ״ᾹȻͬʱôʵţǰ겻ġ˵ǣۻʴ˿Ҳڴ뿴˵˭ǿ
ٺ٣˵ʤ߻᲻ɮ˺ϼ֮䣬ҿϼŶ
֣۹Ҳ̫˰ɣҿǽŲز©֣ٺ٣ǵſɡ
ţ

̨ϣĸ˱˴˶ʶ̽ȥȴ˿ʵÿжһݡ
ϼɨһۣ΢΢Цʣĸˣɴʹģһսô
սϼ飬˶һ㣬漴ǽ˻ЦǺǣ⵹Ǹ⣬ʤľǽ״ʤߡⲻ
ϼ漴Ŀ⿴ɮˣѯɮ˵˵ãʡҪ죬û
Ŀ漴Ͷ޳޳һЦ˵ãսⲻһ򣬾ô졣
·ĸ˾ȻҪһս˶ʱһ˷ܣ״ϴδй¡漴ĿⶼԶųǳϿյĽǵֻҪۻʲԣⳡսͿʼˡĿ⿴ȥǵȴ޶
ۻʺλͳȻҲ̨ϵǵ뷨ϵۻʵ⡣
޳̨ϼӽһɱĿѾ˽šȻǻսûйϼ˲ͺ޳һ£Ҫȴܽš
Ȼϼӳһ⻪һźȻס˽š
ڴʱˮ˿棬Ǳ룬һƬʢһоһ˿ɱеֻӯ
಻ϵ˿һס˽ţĽӿ˿оɱ¾Ϣ
źɮ˲ˣĺȻӿһѪɷȻϼӺ޳ȥѪһӿȻ˲䱩ǣγһѪɷʱͽϼӺ޳档
ѪҰرɫѪɷϼӺ޳棬ɷǹͬʱϼӺ޳漴طƺܵ谭ٲά裬ֻý
ѪӰѵǰ޽ģǵϣܵ޴𾪵ĵۻȻϿУŵض̨ϡ
ѪӰ
λͳ˶һ㵣漴ſз𣬸ڵۻʺ¿ȥ
ʱ̨ϣڽͷϿͻȻһ޴ĽޣݽɷشȻ·ҧȥЯΧؼĽޱȣݺҧȥ
ΧȻðһԲѪֽԼ棬ͬʱǧ˶漴еһɹӿڵܿƵԲѪַȥ
ʲǫ̂ǧ޲ȻȻ˵Ϊá
䡭
ɫͷݺҧѪϣͷ漴ɢǷǧѪְȻϼӷһҲ漴š
Ұһһž
̫ˣžʹʲôаŹȻסֺһ
ףŸղžȻ˵ʲôаŹ

˶Ŀɿڴû뵽žȻܿסһ̫˼ˡ
ʱǵѪɷ޳ϼӣ˽ѳȥȴͬסˣٲά衣ѪȻסǣҪȴҲȥ
ɮ˺Ȼҡҡͷ˵ϼӣ޳һ̰ɡ
Ա߿ţʱ޳ϼ޷ѣʱɱġ
ɮͷͻȻһɫĴӡ޴ޱȣһɽôɢź˵ƣ·޳ϼѹȥ

ӡ·ѹһɽѹ¡˸оһɾϢѹûпܵĿܡ
̨·༧ɫ˲԰ףǿ޷ܵǰΪ޳һѺ
ԶͳһҧѾ̲סҪִȡ
ȵȡۻʺȻ˵
ͳȻ˵ۻһۣûг֡
˿̨ϣ޳ڻ긮Ӧ˾޴вȻԾһ£һɺصǿ漴һڹ𻮹ա
սꪵһʽʽڹͬһ޸ȻȥҰϿնʱһǵѪ漴ΪΣеĴӡҲ漴ͣסˡ
ѪܴͬʱϼѾ˲ӳ򽣣һǳͬ࣬͹˺š
ͬõһÿһ䶼ͷ׶ʣȴѺŰ档

ϷУѪӡͺսꪷĺ֣޳ɮ˶ɫ԰ףʱ޳Ʈͬм尾
һӰ£ȴȻڸղźս꪿µһУѪɫȻǻס壬ƾһӰȥ
Ȼ䣬ͷѪɫˣ˿һĽӰ˲仮ƹ֣˽ϡڹɢ˲䣬ŵѾݳȥݵٶѾƵϾףӰûп壬ȻӰ˲Ҳһĺ⹥ϼӡ
ƺߴźϼ˵ͬߵķ漴·׹ȥ


1938 ʤ
ɲǼ䣬ǿ֣߳ڳ޲㵡
޳ڵʵ˿ãվڳϣɮĿԣƾѷɫ
޳Ȼһ¶ûУֻڵʵ𣿡
ߣ£źϼ൱Ǳ޳һɮڳϣǵһĪˡ
ۻʴӿпУϼҪѷɫڽţŵʵҪѷɫɮˡɮˣȴûȱ֮ģ֣˴벻ȻʰϼӺ޳֤ʵڽţȴҲ߲٣ɵϼӺ޳ֶԸ
õۻΪȵ޳ǿԶԶڵʵǺɫ޸ĳ֣еһ˿ļ¡
޳ʵܻ˴һ
ۻҲˡ޳ȷǸϴνʱͲڻǱڵûŲ˲֪ʱڵۻߣ۾޳Ѱζ
ô˵޳
ɮҲ֪ܽ޳Ƶʲôز
Ų˵ĻۻʸǶսȤԽ࣬Խ֮ʱŸбȫ
ɮ޳ɫƽǳء
޳û뵽վǰ㡣
޳ǿ佱һǱң
˵Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ
ɮһ⣬ɫӿǾ޴ѹľµĿҲɵúһ
ɮʵףѾ򾳣ǾҲԿ⣬޳ûˡ
ǿڰкѹ֮£޳һҶСۣʱᱻ˴ݻ١
޳Ȼڹ⣬Ͼ޴Ϣ£ͷɢͬһֻçľޣһɢܺ࿹⡣
޳ĺսꪲӣֻҪƿĺսꪣҲƽƽɮȳ֣һƲ񷣬޳ȥ
һȻþȫȴҲһ򾳽ܿġȻûаĿһеƽ˵˸߰ĸû޳
޳ֻúսֿһ춯صľ죬޳Ӱ˲䳯ȥۿҪϿ̨ȴ͵ͣסȻͣ£ɮ˵޳ǰɢһÿ̨ϵļǿֵֵ߳
޳һ˵Ҳˣ
ʽ
ɫ޸ٴγ֣ɮȥۿҪϣɮ˲Ϊһâڷڿһ޴Ľϣǿ󣬽·ʵ壬ӭ޳Ŀɽʽ
ͺ£ձ룬ɢȴûʧ
ǿķ
޳аǾ޴һȭ޳޳æܣ͸ľ޴޵ȭͷǰ档ɾҲڽڰˣֱ֮Եֿ
ۻʴϿɮʵ治ףһУǽҲƿ
ʱźϼѾ£Ϸս¶źɫܹǿսʤܶ洦
ϼͣȻ޳޳ѣԼȴԼӦúܸ
޳ǧ
޳ȫƾԼʵɮ࿹⣬ԭһЩлЩ޳޳ڵı֣𾴣ɮ˵Ҳν
޳ɲʹ䣬ΪõۻʸԼΪԼ֪˵ݣ޳ⳡսӮ
ս֮ꪷĿ·Ҳ֮𶯣ǽҲά̫ʱ䣬ڷǵɫɮҲɫ԰ףһֱֿ޳͸˵ʱʹÿʽĻһɹҲûеֿˡ
ۻ濴޳¶ɫȻѶ޳ıǳ⡣
ŲЩźĿ޳ܿ޳Ѿǿ֮ĩǲһ̱ܾʤˡ
޳ɢĿֲЦ֮ǷǳµģǶҪó汾ˡ
޳ٴʹÿʽǾ޸˿ûмΨһ޳ĿˮոճϣűΧһ㱡޷ڵģ
ƣ
޳һϵǾ޴սݺն¡
ɮ⣬һȣ޳ҵȵľǺӲӲ
ӡ
˫־죬һ޴ӡȻͣӭնڸ֮ǿĩս٣Ǻ·ܽǳ䡣Ϣɢսӡڿгƽӡ˿𣬶սȴѾּơ
޳һȻܵԼĿʽ֮ǰǹӸԼ˷ǵ˵ãļҲɲ⡣
ɮ˵Ŀ޳һαʤߣһȻʹóԼĵơ
ӡѰҼҵǿ似ԼʹóֻҪԼܶһ
Ҳ𾪣˼ԼӭһܲмǷ񶨵ģԲ˱ɫ
ɣ
ɮվȫԸһ·
Ǻڹûɵľ޸ۿ֧Ųס޳ûкˣһǰӭӡ
޳ˣŲҲͲסҪֹȴۻʵס˸һӭӡ³ֻһǱ
ۻʣΪʲôҪֹңôȥǣֹĻᶼûˡ
ۻ࣬ûŲ˵ŭ˫۾·Ҫ͸޳壬úоһ£޳Ϊֵ
ɮ˿ɲ޴ȱ֮ģ޳ĻᣬʱŹ޳ȻΪԼĶ֡뵽ˣûװ֪޳ڵ״һ㣬ӡԽԽۿǺڹ͵סˡ
޳ڿпԽԽӡһĺУһȭӡȥ˶Ϊ޳Լȴֻ˿ȭͷҪӡ˲䣬۳սĺȫ޳ֻϣֻѾɴɫ·аħ֫塣
ӡˣ޳ҲûסӡĹ
ôܣ
ɮͫ׶Ȼ
ۻҲô£о޳ǿ󣬶Ǻսꪱס޳޳ֱֻۣһµΪԴݻ١޳ӣһ𣬹ȻѾʧȥǣ˫ĿѪԺֻɱɣ
顣
ӡмһ϶Ȼ϶ԽԽӡȻ飬ɢڿС
޳أ
ɮſУӡѰ޳Ӱ
˵ҾǰĴʲô
޳ߵĺɫɢǱҲתǰɮˣ˵ڣʤѷ˰ɡ
ɮҪжȴȻеǰһ䣬ͷһһͷСĽ޳ؿڸ޳ɱֻ˲ѣˡ


1939 컯
޳ʤˣ
ת̫죬ںܶ˶ûӦ
޳վڳм䣬˼ٵ۾ŵۻʣ·˵ⳡӮˡ
ۻ΢΢һЦһصλ
ͳҲǸе𾪣޳ǿԶǵǲġšϼӣɮ˷׷̨ǰǿʹ˷ֳ
޳վǰ棬꣬·˵һ˵νν޳ҪһۻʵĻᡣ
ʡ
ۻ˵˵⼸˵ʵǲС
ۻʰһӣŵҩǰ뵣ζ˲ɢȫŵ˲ȫһ泩ͳ쿴ŵҩҲ¶Ľɫ
񵤿ǵҩеֻҪ㻹һⵤҩָܹһʵصƣڵҩ£Ҳֱ᳹ߵĵڶһ㵤ҩͬΪʹʵҩԣһܵˣҩͬ
ֵҩ亱ۻܹһ־ţԼαӡ
⼸ŵҩǣϣܹΪЧ֮վλõľˡۻ˵ĺ˷ܣһЩ֪ȴ¶Ȼɫ
ۻ
αĵһ޳Ҫʲô
˷׷׿޳Ѽǳһ˴ߣǶ棬޳һѡʲô
ֻҪһ޳ŵۻ˵࣬˵ࡣ
ۻ΢ЦɫӲ̾˿˵ԺȻ˵ʱ֪Ļƽ鷳ѡһɣ
ܸʲôʱʱ𣿡
ɣ
֮ĶԻһͷˮͻȻʶ޳͵ۻ֮ƺЩǣٿ޳ɵӼѲ
ۻһЦ˵ѡҪĶɣᾡܵ㡣
ҪһʺҵĹǿҵʵ
޳ѡĶϼӺһа룬ĹҲᳬġ
ϼӺٷ䣬Գ޳ΪĿ꣬Ƕ޳ļ϶
Ǻãȥѡһڹĺûû˸ʾֻܿ
޳һЦ˵ҵɶ
ɽ޳ۺܾˣлȥһ޳վſڣŸоĺΰ׳ۣ֮£ԼĶδҲ̫ˡ
ιվʲôҪȥȥ
޳̾˿а룬ô
Ȼϼӣվ޳󣬻ɢɱ·Ҫ޳ˡ޳һæ˵Ǹʲôҿû㡣
˵ûңҵһλãôҡϼ˿ûǿߵӣǿֲϢȴ޳оëȻȫûкԿ
ŮǿµģŮɸǿ£
޳ֹȴϼߵһֱӰ޳ײԼȥ
ιιǸʲô𣿡
ϼӳ˵ǻûֳʤҪǽžҵĻﻹĻᣬԣȻܽΪʲôܽ
óרƣķȻԶɢȻܹĽȥ޳Լϵƣΰ룬˭ܽȥԼۻҪδҲ̫ˡҵۻҲûи˵ǽ˵䡣
ƺܿҪˣȥѡһһֶΡ
޳Уʱ·һһ㣬һƯڿУ˳ɢĹâ
޳ᴥƯ·ʱһ֡Ͻ꽣ҪһʲʺԼָոâ֮Уûüóߴһŭ
޳ɵˣס֡
޳ϼӿȥһŭĿԼ޳а룬ŮôһһէԼһҪܡ
Ҫ
޳ֳһν˵Ǿøɡ
ϼӻΪ޳ڳ޳սһҧг˵˭Ҫֵ͵Ƚ㣬᲻Ҷֻѡܽóÿνֻѡһȷѡý
޳ԼˣҪǸȴϼ뿪ͷתһ¡
һ˲õĹ
޳Ѿﵽ򾳽磬֮˿Ҳ׷˵ˣȴȫûвʲôʱ򿿽ġ
߳ͨûаϢ˷ֲ˻ǻˡ¶ȺЦ⣬޳Ȼûе⣬޳ȻҲ;֣˵ǰĹǿ𣿡
߸æ֣˵ǰҿɲ䣬ѡĹֱΪƣ¼Ժһᵽ
־ͺǿ޳а̾ԼѡһùĻпܱϼӳϼӶԸԼѾԼ鷳һʵԼǻ˵á
ǰЩ֮Уûбǿģ
ǿУѡ񹦷ɲһζѡǿģѡʺԼģʲôԣ
޳а룬ԼѾﵽ۷壬Ҳûʲôռ䣬ԼϻǳһЩѡԹɣ
ǰлԹ𣿡
ԣҪĸǿֻз컯ˡתŴȥ컯Ĵ֪·ؼͻȻôԵۺⱾȻϴνѣڶʱڽⱾҲ˳
صһǳǿɣ
ԽߣΧĹԽ١޳а룬⹦һǿԲŵһߣиڴȻڽŵľᣬдŷ컯ʱͷһߣǱ¼ǿĹ
ֻڽҲͰˣ滹ҳȻܾû˶ˡ
ôˡ
߽ȥĻҳݸ޳˵Ĺѡ컯ǹѡˣԼĻԹֻҪϿɣͿˡ
޳ͷųûͷȫϻ֮СĿ⽫ؼջ١
ĶνСߴһ̾ôȡþϿɣþȫɣ
ȻϻΧľɢź⣬ϻûжԾ˺޳һЩϻ֮ǿ
ټӵ𣡡
ߴߴٵٲѡˣԶˣ
һ˲䣬޳ƺоҲǻߣһԪرԼǿˣֻ˲ѣת˲֮ͺͨû


1940 Ŀ
ҾͲˣ
޳ϻ֮Ѿͷŵǿ̶ȣ󷨱¶ҲǸߵĿ£ôȥûͨһ޳ջˡ
ı仯Ȼۻʵע⣬Ϸĺ⣬ֻ̾޳СӸģȥѡҲĽԪؿǿû뵽ҲȥĿ絽ʡ
ϷԽԽԭĵĵۻʲɵýСӱǰ˰ɣôֹɫһͻȻ뵽ʲôɫǷ𳱺죬˷ܵ޳СӸòѡ컯ɣ
ߺһȻۻʴҲԪأֻҲûл÷컯Ͽɡ
ߣһȻСҡ޳Ըἤˣ޼ɵͷţճɺɫ߱ͷ󺹣ϹâһΧȵĿȴֻ޳Χôȡ
ڲܷ컯ûп޳޳ǿˣأѾӽ͸֧컯ľ˿û𻵣Ҳûһ˿Ҫ򿪵ĺۼ
ǲ𣿡޳ͷŵԽԽϣѾã
߷һ̾ϢҲΪ޳ǸԵʱ컯ͻȻ䣬Ǵм俪ʼڻ
ѵһ
޳ܵҪջȴϲ˵ͣ£ǻϿɡ
ܿ죬޳ڻˡ
͵޳ΪԼʱһ֪˵ļԺ֮Сڵ棬񣬱ܵȥ䡣
컯پأǰĻһƬ𺣣˳Уȥһվڻм䣬߸һ޴ߣȫɻ湹ɣ˻죬ΧΪһ壬·ס
Ȼ䣬һ䣬꽫Χм䣬߻һϢ˵Ĺ֮£ǿȴҲɥȪ
һ˿ʶûɣڵ£֮˼䡣
֮ףˡ
޳۾ͫһ⡣
޳վʱǿҲףУ컯Ҳһݡ
ллǰ
޳ߣԼԼҲᷢԵ˵лȴæҡͷ˵ˣֻҪԺ󲻱⹦û׸㡣
һ㣬ԽǿĹԽѣҹƷ컯ڶʱ޷ɹмҪ㣬һ㣬ǧҪ컯ǻԪص߹Ȼɵõĺôһȸࡣڶ㣬Ҫ㴫ˣϾĹֻܴ㣬ûҵ֮ǰҪ
ÿһ䶼벻޳ɻߵʲôˡ
ңԳһЦ˵ܾû˹Ĺʲôˣֻһˡ
ȻǸһ𰸣ɻ粻أ
޳뿪ԼĶʼȫĵ컯һμ¹ȥ޳Ҳһصʽ컯ѶȻ졣
޳޳
ôϼӣѲ鷳
޳߳ϼȵվڶſڣ;ɫپôһ绹Ķ
޳ɵ΢΢
ڿʲô
ϼӵĽ޳ӷа⣬ԼҪԼսһ
ϼӲûг޳ɫ΢죬Щմմϲ˵ۻʽȥˣ㡱
޳۾һԼܹȥˣҲ֪Ҫȥһ磬ϣԼȥǧ磬ǧ粻ܻʲôĵ飬ֻԼĿԸ
޳ϼӳżϵصȥһж治٣¼ĳԱȫǿֻԼϼˡ
źǸأ
ǸǿǴæˣҪŬָǱأ

޳Ը̣ѵԼ
ۻʿ޳Ҳˣ޳ʵӲ٣ĵ˵ͷ
Ҫиͳ䣬ۻҪ˴͵ȥ
ͺ޳һԼҪĿ磬ͬȥĿ˲٣ȴǷ䲻ͬĵطŵ֪̽飬Լ˾ҲֻܵʶⱩ¶ݡ
ϼȻΪԼҲҪȥĿ磬ȴҲʵĹǺһתȥҾŲ֡
ѾͷŲǵùˣôȥĹ򣬾ŲҲѾͷĶˡ
⻰޳ľԼٲ÷컯ҪϼˣοźǸɮ˶϶ҪԼöࡣ
޳ȥĿվ֮Уͳͬʱע׹ϣ˱㱻͵Ŀ硣
޳˵󷨴λòȷпڿУҲпںпڳϿգпֱӴͻ޶Ƚ֮£޳ֱӵϣ˵ġ
Ŀ磡
޳һܵĻʹǧƣȴǧϡ޳һˬҲѹĿ˶ôǿ
֪ԼλãУǰĵطʱȴоڲԶһȺս
Ŀ֮սǵϢԶԶ޳һʹûԪ޳һڲԶǱߵս
ãߣҪ׷ϣ˾Ҫ
ǸõŮҲǱ֮ˣһϢߣһ߶ԸžޣһǸǰ
ûˡ޳а̾˻壬ʵҲĿҲеλǣǵΣĿУжҲȽϷ㡣
޳֣ͻȻӲԶϢѸٿÿһﵽΪ˷·Ϊ˶
Ѳǵģ
ɸܵǹɱ֮޳ף˾Ϊӱ˵׷ɱŻᱻƵ̶ֳȡ
ãˣߣ
Ҳߣˣôܶ
Ǹ˷θһĻֻϧǶһдܳˣһվǶŮǰֹǰȥʰֻޡ
ɱֻޣǲ׷ԹŮ
ǵ˭ǿ֧壬Ȼˣϣȴ˿ѷɫˣд󽫷ɡ
Ҷӣ֮ǰ𣿡ƺû֣ǽĿ⿴ߵŮˣҲģΪҲҪҪ㿴װϣû취û취ɱӴ˳Ϊˣܵ˵áʼվǷ
תͷǸŮˣ˵С㣬ɱɱ㣬ٷ
仰һ˵³Ѿעˡ


1941 
ʲôˣ
˳޳ķȥеɭһɺ˵ɱ⣬һţȴôʵ
ǳɭ֣ʼԳôǱʼԼ֪̽ʧתͷԼʱͻȻ߶˺
Ҫ£뿪
ͷȥֻһˣ˿ûΪԼͣ¡뺰Լݣ˶ԷȴֵıҶʶݡ
ʹ˸ɫȻСǾͱǲˡ
޳ųԼĶˣԼΪ˵ʵ͸а̾Ҫ𣿡
˿޳˿ûһ㺦£ɵҡҡͷǳţ»
磬Сӡ
һϽָһһ󵶳ϣֵȼͣɱһӽ򾳵ǿʹδ̫֡޳һ۵Уȫո£ûмѪˣ޳Ѿ˶ԼݣѲǺ
˵ĻԪظŴϣȼٵ͵ԼʹҲɿٵǿǰûó꣬һסɣ
󵶻£꿳ȥȴ˸գֻһΣԼǰʱҪУȴҲѾˣһ˫ȱ֣ڵϣƾôǵûһ¡
ôܣ
ֻð˲ˣһߡ
޳Ŵ󵶣̫ᣬʹҲǲ
ô£
£صᵶֻһת۵飬ĺ˸û壬˵ĶΪϷŪ꣬ɵ÷ŭ˵ҹζࡣ
磬ʵûôⶼװġ
һѾˮ͸Ȼֻһ棬ȴǿ󣬱ϾӲԼһеȴûʹȫƾ
ǿȥһϡ
ͬûʹóԼǳѾû޳ȫԸ
޳Ҳû뵽ǽ򾳽磬ʵȴԼô콣⣬ֻһӣһ⳯Ŷȥ˾ֵûУֱ۶ϣ˵ɶȥ
Ϊ׵ĺ죬ͷһ˷ǵûסǰĽŲԼͬſڵϣһϢ
޳ߵһߣ˵ⶫİɣʹһ㲻˳֣ǻɣ
˵꣬һɣֱӴ͸˵š
һܣ޳һ߷ɣĺ๼
һ˿޳˵Сӣ֪Լʲô鷳𣿡
޳ͣ½ŲǺ˵ʲô鷳Ѳǲɽ
ɽ
¶۾һԼʵȻᱻ˳ɽǳԼһʬԼĶ֣㽫ĿתᣬѪɷ֮ϣŹץȥ
ã
ӿΣգֱ嵲ǰ屻һץǰʱſѪ
˿Լ˴ˣŭҹȻٴγŹץȥۿҪץסᣬһֻͻȻץסԼԼһҲܶı
ɶ㾿ĸˣ
壿ֻ·ƽεѣҪֻܹãȻҡ
һ·ƽϾȻ⣬һԼˡȷ겢ĿʮκһˣԼȻһΪʿֻ
Сӣ˴鷳ˣ赲£Ŀ綨Ȼû֮ء
޳ǶϿֱۣЦһΪ˱˺ģǣΪôӹԼ׷ɱ
޳ɵУ׷ɱǸˣȴǸŮ˷һʹĿǸûаϢŮ˻Ů˵ҲľȻȫ־޳Զȥĺˣ̾һȾҪ
޳ߣһۣûȫ͸һ˿΢Ϣ޳óǿ񵤣ӵĿУⵤҩڼǿҩԶʱȫڽɫĹâУӵƽ޸ؿڵ˺۷ǳٵĺ£ȫʧ
ŮȻҲϳǿŵҩȵʧں񵤣
ô⣬Ҳûҩˡ
ῴ޳һۣг˸м֮⣬ͺɡȴӵǿʵֺҩιҶһ㶼ûԥֱִʣĿĻҲѲˣ
һ㣬а룬Լ֪ҲܴƣһҪأ
ˡ
޳ЧʣЩۡ
лǰȡ
ǰ޳һѵԼôϳɣ
Ҳ˵־磬㲻ഺפ˥ϵٶҲ仺ټϿԻ㲻ʵǻϹ
ῴ޳ɫϻ۵˲ִǸһЦ˵Ӧóƺʲô
޳Ц˵ҽ޳ֱӽ޴ɣ
޳Ὣظһ飬ŬĿ缸գȴʼû뵽ĸн޳ǿߣ֤ʵеĲ²⣬޳񣬸ӳη
š
Ҷ仺۾ӳϻ۵Ĺᣬ¶ɻɫԼôûѲԼѾˣԼһ磿
ôôɵôһ
һѰѹᱧס·ҪڻԼ֮СῪʼϲ֮У뵽Լ߻һˣæƿҶ䣬˵Ҷ磬ҿûһ
޳һۣͬһ㡣
޴ǡ
ҶǿվվһԵ޳һӦǸмǾĿ޳
ȷǣƵģ
˻ֻܿŵĿ޳޳޳ΪĴһҶ䣬˵ǹƻѵҿ𣿡
޳Źľٶʱе׽ԭҲһŮ
ҵȻ㣬һһô졣
ڹǰʵʣĸģ
Ҷ͹᲻ͬϸ壬ֵѹ޳д͡룬˵ԱʦˡҲܷ档
Ҷȫ˼޳ϣûע⵽ԼѾһ룬Լ˺ѵ·ʺѪڿǰ˿ѾȫϡŹ˵ô£ո˲ǲҸ
һæ޳˵޴粻⣬ҶôɡڵضҶ˵㻹޴磬񵤾ĻѾˣ


1942 Ҷ
񵤡
ҶԼţֱţԼȻһ񵤣͹˵鵤ҩԼҲ̫С˰ɡ
ѵˣһӦ޳ӣȫûǸط˵İ͹᲻ͬκ˴򽻵ÿһ˶Ǳǿ׶գҶûз˵ԼҶˡ
۽ǿԶʬ壬а룬Ҳ޳ĳĵӣԲŻʵ
񣬾Ҷ˵ҲңԶĴڣĿô󣬲һеǸط
޳Ȼ֪ҶʲôܹȷǣҶѾԼǣ˿ԼĽĿ硣
Ȼ޴үҲ޴ɡû飬ȥǷǴϼΣ
޳⣬ڷʱԶԶһ޴ĳǳأǾǷˡ
޳˵ͷ˵Ǿʹˣҵһ£Ҳ֪Ӧȥ
˳ŷǷȥһ·ϣͼûһֱ޳Ŀ顣
Ŀֻһң˻֮⣬ʮΪǿÿһطҶֱеĹռҺҶңҶҶδļ
޳Ҳû뵽ԼôãĿ磬ʶҶҵټټΣĿж᷽öࡣ
޳Ҳе⣬ҶҶҲǸ壬ǿҲУΪʲô˸ҰҶδļ˵ǣô˭ʲôĿģ
Ҷ䲻˵޳ҲԸʣָֻоҶ֮·˼򵥡
ҶһԳĬҲǼ˵Ϊʲô֪ԼǳɭԼ˭ûиߡߵĹᣬǼȻԹᣬ͸¶ȥռҲ֡
޳һۣ޳Ĳ֪Ŀ磬ôһֱڱչǼٻ̸Ҳܿ޳ˣǺˣҲսթ֮
ɻʱ򣬴ӷзɳˣȫװڡ޳һȺ򾳵ǿߣȻֻѡ
ЩҶҵ𣿡
ұҶޡ
Ҷ˷ܵ˵ҶһǿߣѾﵽһЩ϶Ķ֡
Ǽ˺ܿҶǰΪ֮Ҷޡ
Ҷ޿ҶӣʧɫæҶǰ˵ܣôˣ
޳Ҷ޵ɫĸеȣǼװġ޳ȴܸоҶϣԼϲϢ
ҶתͷŹᣬڿ޳ɻʵǣ
޳ҵľˣҺҶ䶼ˡػΪֹỹΪ޳ǸطˣԶ޳ǱϹϾС޳ݡ
ɺޣȻ˸ҴҶҵ⣬ҪץסȻҪʬβɣ
ҶϵɱͷųرɫҶΪûôߣ˽룬ɫѿ
ҶȻ񵤵޸ɾɴôȥɲС˺¶ɫҶŭϣûע⵽Ҷɫ
޳סҶ޵ļ򣬶Ҷ˵ȵ˭˵ɣڶŭҲùֹҶޣȴ뵽Ҷϴһֱӽ޳壬Ҫ֪̽޳ʵ
ʹõǽԪأ޳ԪѾﵽ״̬ԴԴϵ޳ڣԪػûɵĽ޿УֱӶϿҶ޵Ŀƣͬʯ󺣣Ӱ
Ҷŭȡ޳۾жһݾ裬˵ҶҵȻүȻұܣҶҵĿˣȻؼңǼȥǳɭֵһ£ܲܲĸµĶ֡
Ҷ˵ҲãٲȥƹҪҶ鷳ˡ
޳ڹʵǲָ㸸ףӦڱ𣿡
Ц治֪ĿǼȷÿһƬطȴһֱڶǣÿҿһǳأΧסҸ̶ֳȵ˵ת۾͵ʲô
޳˵ͷǰǷǣ붼֮ľӦòԶȶݴӷͣ죬Ȼȥǹ۲һ
ǳɭ֮С
Ҷһ޳Ҷ˵ĵطʬ廹ţûȥʬĿǹ۲˵ơ
Сǰ޵ֿȫһСӾʲôΪʲôҪҶ䣿
ЩУһҪƿ˵֣ȴҶֹ
һȺ
ҶŶʬȥ촫˱Ūʣ
ҶҵļǷǵĳҶұڳ濴ɽ֮ŷַַǷ
ڲܷУ󷨷ӡ֮⣬˭޷⡣޳֮ͱӷиΪ
Ϊٳ޳ҶϿ̫ΣЩȻʶҶ䣬ɶҶûа㹧֮⣬ָָ㣬Сʲô
ΪСҲ㲻˵Ķ䡣
ôǲӣҪҶôΰôôӡ
Ӳ
˵һЩǿ߸ôһҪӣǽľѵ񰡣
޳εҶ䣬һꡣ
ʵһʼ޳ͿҶΪȹ̣õҩһ㣬Ϊټ˶ҪһǳߡϾʵΪȽ֮£ҶΪҶҵһţϿɱ޳̫̫ˡ
ҲһЩҶƳҶ޵ģ˻ͷĻصҶң޳Ҷ֮УҶĵλҲǹҵġ
Ҳе죬Ҳ޳ߣ˰޳һˡ
Щ˾ǹۿ˵ͣҶֻУֲǿ˵˵ҶʵҲֻǱȲҶ޸ѡ
ҶЩ˵Ҫ˵ˣѾˣ˵ȥ޴ǰ̧ͷ
ҪĲǰ̧ͷҪԼԼ̧ͷ޳Ҷļ˵Ϊʲôô˵Ӧ
Ҷһ߰ˣԽǸ߰ԽǴܹǲǱˣֻйԼѡֱǾᴥ˿ڣԼʧȥġ
޳һҶҲףҶټλȷģкܶǱڵĶְ
޴硭Ҷ俴޳гм
ҶѵܿҶҴһᣬҶҼҶҲˡ
˭ҰҶӣҶɢļµϢ޳ҲоԼĶ֡
ͷųϢͬʱҲע⵽޳ʵҶ˵
ǵģס
;ʵôǿᣬزñܹˣСӣ㾿ʲô
ҶͻȻʵ


1943 ʧ
޳һҶһӣһԼһӦѯԼȻҲͻȻðԼʵǿߵȷ˸еɻв
޳ԼӦ˵һףȴ͵طһɱԼϡ
ùһ
˻û޳ӺʮףҶɢŵϹ⣬ֱϵ·Ȼոˡ
޳ľҲ֪ҶʹüֻһжѣԼȫ
ҶҲһҲԼ곤꣬ȴӵǿʵڵʵȻܹ㿪Լһ
ҶҪǰֹԼĸף˭֪ԼĸϵɱѾʧз͵ɫҪ֪Լĸ״ǿޱȣ¶ֱ飬޳⼸ǵһ
Ҷ
Ϊ޳ûʲôĻҶס°ɣ
Ҷûм׷޳Ƕ޳롣Ҷ񷱶࣬ҶԼĶû£Ҳͺܿ뿪ˡ
ټɱô𣿡
޳ҶȻȴûд˲Ļ֮ˣԼȥѰҡ޳ãҶǲ׷飬Ѿ֪˭ȴﲻ
޴磬ȥϢɣȵһЩҺȥһ·ǡ
鷳Ҳֻǳѣﶼһ
Ҷ仹Ǹ޳һЩˣŵȻĸ˵޳ǣһĽܷȫ޳ѡ
޳ЦһȻûиߵ͹ôˣǵһοǼ˴Ƿ޳񣬼˻ֵ̿ټõˣƽƽһСֹëүǧʲô龡ܷԸǵİɲ
޳⼸˺ģ˰֣˵֮ǰͲҶûаǵˣǵɣ
ѡ⼸໥һۣгм˵ټǵĺãΪټǸԸ
޳סķݻȻˣȴҲһ۾ͿЩװζǱھۼżغôԷڵҪŨһͨ泩
޳컯һһ磬ųţû뵽Ҷվſڡ
޴ڷܣһʱҲѹǿʵ
ûʲôѧϰһµĹҪС޳Цɫʲô𣿡
ҶЩ˼˵޴һóƵĻʱԳȥߵĻ鷳¡
޳Ҷı飬ΪݣԼ鷳һҶټôǵ˵ز
޳Ǽǵǳɭ֮УԵ˵Ҷͳ˧ʣ˿ѷɫҶޣôһоǱһˡ
޳Ȼȴûгѯʣǵ˵ͷ˵һģҪʲô鷳ɵƽ֮鷳ġ
ҶЦ˸鷳޴ʵĿߣĸҵǿߣ
޳пĽɫ΢΢һЦ˵ʵȻҪʵɲһУȻΪҪǳΪôǿߣǿɱǿˡ
޳ƻͨ¶ɫҪĿҶܻԹɫæ˵޴ȥɣҾͲ޴ˣʯǸҸģȻոҲûʲôǮ
޳ӹʯɢŵֻǳ⣬޳ҲûҲĿõĿĻҰɣ
ûǮ粽Уκ綼ֹ޳ҲĿģֻҪС
ȻѾˣȴ˿٣ˡ
е˶һȥһΪ޳Ǻ棬ȺקһˣʵڸʲôǱʲô鷢
˰޳һۣû˵㻹𣿾Ȼ춼֪

޳û뵽ԼݾȻһ·˿ˡ
Ҹǣ֪𣿡
Ȼ˭֪գÿʱ򣬻ʹΪףգĻӰͶ䵽УǴк
Ӱѣõô
޳Щˣһ뵽۾ϲˣһĳŹ㳡ȥ
Ҳ֪˭ȿڣȺпʼԼͬĴ



ͬɽХһ㣬ƺƴ
ѹҶСҳ䣬ԭøôʢ޳ҲĹǺ棬ǹҲӦô׷ɣҿЩ˵ӣ֮ΪͽҲΪ
ͻȻȫ
һڿУ˿󷨵ơ޳˵ĳʱеľҲʧ֡
ҶΪǵĳȻſ󷨵Ȩ
Ҷֵ˲䣬㳡ٴη


ҶϢɢһȣ˲еڸǣ˵ٳͬ죬Ƿǽǵһһòĳ˵ϵǻӭ
Ҷ佫עǸУֻǸɢҫ۹âһĻУγһһǻᶯĻһЩæµʰһ˴ſףСĵŶţ˵Ѿ׼ˣڿԿʼ
˶ס֮£޳ҲĽ

ɫùҶҲһһͷ亹룬ʮŻӷǿʼףһΣòһοǧٳ⡣
ǣͬ룬֮󣬹û¶ԼգŽţƾôôҲ򿪡

Ǹ׵Щÿߵǰһƣֻžһ˨ѵ
ǷۺɫķڣһƬңϻ·εӱСڵϡ
ڸûйӰӣ˼󣬳Ż
ˣѵ˽ˣ
ȥʹˣ˭ôĵӡ
ѲǹԼߣ뿪˻ʹ
˵ģ⡣˵룬ڻʹڵңɼҪǳ˻ʹûͬ£һŮӣһЩɫˣѾʼע⡣
ԡ
ŲأǴӻʹڴˣû˹Բҳߵġ
һûУȫѰ·
û
޳ôӵݶ뿪׾ӵַûãˤ˺üβųɹɼǶô


1944 Сؤ
ߣΪʵ̫ǿ󣬱˹ܲ󷨰ڷС˵㻹ǲĿˣȻʵ֪
޳Сӣֻң·ãҲ֪ûԶɫ㲡Լʮģһ㶼ģ
޳СӼƽϣת׼뿪Ŀһ־磬˵ûʲô˼
Сӿ޳뿪Ϊ޳ˣų޳һתͻȻ˵ǰôһײվû£ȴһƨˤڵϡŻ߻żڣȻǸ˼ҡ
СӣҶײǲ˰
Ӵһ˵ǰСӺúʰһ٣Ժû취ҵǰ
ǣӣ
վԼؿڣм˵ͷӲȻײôʹԽԽԼ˵ֱӽϣҾ
Χ˲һ²Сǵɷ
Ҷΰֿʼˡ
ͬҶˣҶ޾һţҶҶΰˣһǷһѹգ޶
С㣬ҪǱ㼸
Ҹǣñңǻᵽùġ
Сؤһߺһ߾ǰ󺺣⾯δ⿴̫رڼδǰԵþСС⼸Ϊÿһܶһ档
󺺳Цƾ㣿һȭ㣡
ȷһȭ˵ͨˣǸֽǣҲᱻұ⡣Сؤһ˫ֻȫö
û˻һСؤڳеİӰ£СؤĽۣת˲šȴûӭһȭĿѡ
ǰСÿǰ꣬оЩס죬ֱۿһĨ˵Ҳæһһ˵
Ǽ׳ǰˣһ·ƽһһǻװӣѪյˣǲ֪Ĳпᣬ磬ʵһУΪ˻ȥЩ²òӵ
СӣҸһλᣬϽҶΰү㻹Ҳͣһܱá
޳ҡҡͷһȫϵӡ
ȻǾͱ¶ˡ
ǿ޳ʵ޳ܹǵȭͷ˵һʵԴӳֿȭս
Ǹͷǧο꿳ȥֵûֵһᱻԼҳ
ʯһҫ۵ĹâУ޳屻Ƕھ޸֮Уͷһȱڣ޳ȴɶûУֵȼô˵޳أ
㡭
ûѻ˵꣬оһɾڿն𣬳ź󷽷ȥ
޳Ѿ飬Ҫ鷳޳ɾͲŹˡ
⼸˵ͷ뿪޳תͷСؤ
Сؤ޳ŲԵ۾޳´һ飬漴˵ΪʲôҪ־ң
޳ǾýôϲգҪˣ̫𣿡
Сؤţװ޳һߴ޳ļ˵ҵķϣԷ
޳һЦԼȻһؤͳԷĶҲڶţǺ˵ǺðɣҪҳԱŶ
Ȼ
Сؤ޳ǰ棬޳һĿİӣСؤȴͻȻְ̽ȥִ
ְܳ𣬿ͺѳԡ
Сؤ˿Լ仰ӵϰӳ˳޳һһ߶Сؤ˵Ҵ𣿡
Сؤһмӣ˵ҿû˵ԣ˵ĽȻе㺮ᡣ
ᡭ޳ؤ·꣬ɵøеЦ
˭֪СؤǸӦˣͷ͵صԼ˵Цʲô
ûûЦʲô
˲۹£޳СؤĽ
ڷ֮пνһָܹķǸ󣬴ûСؤġ
Сæܵ¥ϸ߹µģͬʱڵ޳Сؤǰý롣
Ǹǽǿ˽ǸϿ˳ȥ˵֮ȻǹµģǸСؤٿСؤߵ޳ѵ뿪ٺЦ˵λ¥룬ǻ㰲ŵķ䣬Ҳ徲
úдλ

޳ͣ¿ǰˣʵʲô𣿡
Ķɶˣ뿴һûʵϾһˣܲⱾ
޳νҪһֱǮ飬޳еأ
޳ȡʯϾʯ⣬ոȡû˿жǮ˶ʱŵ÷
㡭ǳˣ
˶ѡ
Ѿŵһ亹޳˵Ȼͳֹϵôˡ
޳Цһû뵽ſҶеĿƬҲãʡԼܶ鷳
СؤȲˣ޳æ˵أҶѾóԵĶˣ㿴һʲôԵġ
޳ɲЩʲô˵ɣֻҪܳԱС
ǺãһƲ˶Сؤ˸飬Щ˵ҲǺóԣ޳˲ķ֮һͱˣʣµЩˣͳͳСؤȥδ
ñôųô㣬øҿ
޳а̾治
ҽϣ׳־裬ϣأ
޳
ϺٺЦ޴ǲǸղѾǮˣʵôģǮ
޳ЦǮĻȥһ·úôһԼ޳ӣһʱ񣬳Ҳ̫ÿˣôңҲڸǲϵ޳ԺµŻعԼղŵô
Īһ˵ѹ޴мһˣԭǶ˸Ȥ
޳Цһ˵ôܣֻǸղſӣ㳤òһ£һӸСؤ
켸䣬Ȼûȫ޳
Ǽ޳ߵĴ󺺣սľҶΰߣҶΰǵģʱʧˣһһŽ⼸߷ɡ
һСؤԸˣһȺ
ӣⲻǰ˭֪·ֳһˣǸΪֲǸûеֿ֮
Ҷΰߵ֮л˭赲Ҷҵж
˼ǣѾȥ˽Է
Ҷΰ۾һЦ˵󣬿ҲݵģӵҪ˭ƻҵ飡


1945 ʰҶΰ
޳ով׼뿪ȴû뵽һȺŮ˳˽һű㱧޳Сؤдүү̵˵ֻͣס
Сؤһ
һȺﻹΪԼ飬æǸ
ǵ£ǿȥ
Сؤݺݵص޳һҪ޳ȥӡ˵޳û뵽ˣԣ֪ܣ
޳εĿߵˣЦ˵˵ʲôѵЩ˲ģ
ȻǣǡСؤﵽһ룬ཱུ˵ҾԲŮ˵ģ㣬ǻ˭
Ҳףֻ⴫һƵ
Ǿʣ˶˾ӣ̫Сˡ
Ҷΰź޳ϸԼӷǿûٿ޳ߵСؤʱŭ졣ǸؤԼ˷ǵˣôԴǺԼȥ
ǣ
޳˵ò͸еУҶ޳һ˿˿ƣ̲סҶȥ˺ҶйϵԼǿԴ»С򡭡޳һ˿䣬ɲ̡̫
ȻүʶүҶΰҶҶұ硣
ҲҶıܿ
Ҷΰ޳˵Ҷ֣ʱջͷųԼϢҪѹ޳޳ȴΪ
ǰҶҵˡ
仰һ޳Ҳûʲôɵˡ
һţ죬Ҷΰ˿ϣһȴ˲ƿĻֱš
޳ߵǰĲӽߵЩһֱڶ޳Ķһ޳ڶ棬һҶΰǰȻ޳ģȴûһֹܹ޳
ſүѵҶΪУ
޳һ˵˶ʱѹɫࡣ޳תͷҶΰ˵Ҳǰ˵ҶΰĻټɱ㣬ױ˭ôɣ
ҶΰɫʱòҰףȷҶĸǼĻҶܻڣҪɱԼҶĹϵܺõĻҶĻһֻ۱һֻ۷Ź޳
Ҷұ磬ұϾıܣȻҲҵѣҶһˣαء
Ҷ佫һӣֱӴӴ¥Ϲȥһڷ£ûлȫǴ͵ײȥֱǱףͷûʲô
Žй
СؤԱߴЦ·ҲûûΣ˿ףѾҶ
߰ɡ
ҶСؤ˵˾뿪
ҶΰСӷôܹ꣬ίʣŭһ˿־һӿͷ޳ıӰҧг˵ˣұֻ
ѾӽҹϵҲ˺ܶ࣬޳Сؤʣȥȥ
޳СؤϸܵһϢǱʶСؤԲһˡ
Ҫ֪̽СؤܣֻǵԼ뿪֮Ҷΰû鷳
Сؤָߣ룬˼˵ҸطһϾˣߣһҲʲô⡣
ȷʲô⣬޳ϵӣôһߣ涳һϣֱ
紵Сؤûһ£⡣
ûطסȥɡ޳ץסСؤֱۣ˵ҵҪڳУҶΰҶô
ݲϾܾ޳ųȥ
һߣҶΰ˵ȥҶޣʱҶôǳɭֻſڿǱҶΰüͷһ壬һ˿һԼ飬¶ЦݣҶΰȥ
ܣôʲô
磬ҪҶΰÿǸҶ޳˿
ôң
Ҷΰҧг˵ǸһҪ֮أȻҶҵ鷳һǵĵˡ
˭ģ
Ҷ޺ʣǣҶΰʵۣ벻Ȼ˸Ҷ֡
ҡ
֪ʱ޳Ҷ߻һСؤҶΰ˾ȻԼ©Ļ˵磬
Ҷ֪޳ȴû뵽ִҶΰľҶΰ֪Ҷȴһ
ҶΰΪ޳ҪùˣһĻûг֣Ҷ޾ȻҲҪ޳Ц˾ȻǶĺһ㡣
ɾ͸㲻ˣ޳֮ǰ˵ԼҶѣҪ֪Ҷ֮ǰϵôãҲҵ޳
϶޳ĵظҶΰͷСȭͷٴʰҶΰһ㡣ΪԼĶܹ㿪޳Ҷ޵۾ʵ˶ֻǲ˵ѡ
޹ӣǸմǿϧӦܹľգû뵽ѾͷȻˣ綼Ϊ߶ҰɣҶź˵
ȷϧλСֵܿǷǳĽǸ
Ҷ޿ϵӣɫ֣һǺ棬һãû˵ͷĴ޳
磬ǣ
Ҷ޵Ҷΰһۣ˵ǵԽԽô޷죬޹ӿҶ͹ռСľˣ鷳ң浱ûܹܽ𣿡˵꣬ݺҶΰһţҶΰڵϣ޳Ҷҡ
ҶΰҶ޵ıӰɻҶľˣĳΪʲôҪһôã
޳ԼԺӣ˶Ѿ˯ˣм䴫ŵ޳Ҳ˼ţεĿϣ˵Ӿˣȴջһϰɣ
ʲô
һУ鲻Խĺ޳֣ǻøԶ
Сŵ˼ҡ
޳Ȼָںݵˣɫһ죬˵ǺðɣҲȥ˯ɡ
һǰһ߽ӣʼպ޳һľ룬޳ҲһδҲ̫˰ɣѵԼúȺã
ҡн񱣬ϲͱһǰʱҲһ˶ǽ˯ãԡҴ̾Ϳˡ
֮޳ķӦȻû˵ʲôȴǴӦϵҪ˯ڵϡ
޳û˯ոս컯һ죬ȴ˵
䡣
޳ЦЦ뽫Ӹϣû뵽Ȼվΰ֮䣬ҵ˴λãֱȥԴ͵ķʽſţû೤ʱ䣬ϱ㴫ƽĺ
޳ӸϣԼ
ţ
ʵ۾˸ŷԼӦôӵ˯ŵģôڴϣм便ʲô飿
ϸһ£мļȫˣƿԼѾ¡



1946 Ĵǿ
޳洳˽һУΪʲôأû뵽һţһͷ㳯Լ޳˳ֽסû뵽Ų룬ӣװƷֻҪöĶԼæ˳ȥţʵֵܣôˣ
ôڴϣ
ҪԼҹԼܵϵģҿ˯Ҳû㡣
ϸžԼȻ±ȥ·ûб⿪ĺۼ˫Լǰһߡôƽ
޳㲻ϣһؤʲô񱣬ͺԼǴٹһ㡣
޳ȴϳԶҶ䳯޳Լſȥʵ޴ѵסĲϰߣΪʲôȥ
޳Цһ˵ϳˡ
ϴŷ̽ͷҶ棬Ͻ˻ȥ
Ѿ˵ˣҶΰǼһȫǾȡǧϣ鷳ôһᱣסġҶ佫תƵҶΰϣҶҲΪһҶΰԼ̶ֳȵǿߣ޳ҶȻǿ󣬿ɱϾʵޡ
һ룬᲻鷳ڿƺҶˡ
ҵ鷳Ͳ٣ںٶһ
˻һЦǽϸˡ
޳֮ţ˵ιҪȥҪҪһ𣿡
֪һвˣһֱȻ޳仰ðͷ۾޳˵ȥҪȥģǸҵ񡣡
޳Цðɣһжġ
ǾͺáϺٺһЦӷ
˴Ӻ뿪Ҷңڷ֮еҹ䣬һͺòһ㣬޳ȥ˵ԼǷǵˣԷȴһ㶼˽⡣
޳ǰͯ꣬ԽԽ˼顣
Ҷΰһֱ˼˵һһȫҶ޺Ҷΰ֮СҶΰ޳Ҷ޴˵ڻûкãžηҶޣʵ磬޳ʲô֪𣿡
Ѿȥˣͺƾðһ㣬ȫҲټҶһ˵ǵзѣôڵĻȥ
ҶΰҶ޿һۣѪҶΰһæ˵İɱ磬ȥţҾ˾˿ԼҵļȻ۸ҵͷϣ
ʵǿҪü򾳵ǿߣܴӷս̻Ҷע⣬㰲ˣڷһ߳ţڡ
Ҷ޲һ䣬˵ҶҲ֮ͻҵˣһܳʲôʡ
˲䣬ɱȻԭʵʱϢڣ޳Ҫһ㡣ھ޴ѹ֮£Ҷΰ㱻ŵûɢǷǵʵۣµȴҶޣΪҶޣʱƿԼ
Ҷΰ˫æ뿪ԼǰԺȥװһӡ
ҽҶ˳浱Լûˣ
ҶԺӵһ΢΢һЦ赶ɱˣֲմѪҵҪ޳ܹԼҿ⡣
֪һֹȥˡ
þûжȹɵʱˣЩܳޣЩԼǰеĶ·𽥽ȥԼܵҪڻ񾲵ʱ֮С
ߵСؤһ죬ֺǺǵģ⣬ͣʳһֱԵ磬ûͣ͡
ʱԼӣ˸ã˵ñԲˡ
޳ɫ磬վ׼Ҷҡ
ʱһǿϢ޳͵ػͷѾһ˱ڻУųȥ
˵ʵѾﵽڣٶȷǳѸ٣ڼǧ׿⡣
˭
޳һӦǴǳɭֵĺˣǵĻĿ²ϣԼⷴ޳˿Ͼ˵Ŀǰʱû¡
һɱ޳֣Ȼ˫Լߵˣۺ˭ˡ
޳Ÿȥתۼ档
ȴҲֻһڵǿߣǿߣһǿߣĸ˵˵һڣ۷Ҳƴһƴ
û뵽㻹޳벻һԼ䵽ɣ
ҶΰţϾͱС
޳˭Լأû뵽ҶΰԼ˳Ҳʡȥ⼸˺ˡ
ﵽڣʵֻϧҶΰүӦԼҵĻϷǿԸ顣
ҶΰĿźˣ˵ʮϣôԼңⲻǰѵ˷ҵƤ
޳ߣʮϣԼҵǲȫϵļһֻ⼸˵ʵҪԼ£δҲ̫ˡ
ˣ㿼ǵΣʵò˼ԼҳΪϣֶΪʮϻ޳׳֦ҲԷСֵܣһӳƱӶꡣ
޳ûĶϾ˵ͷƱһӶ꣡
ʮϻΪ϶ˣæҶΰɿ֣ͬƭСԼǵšһջ˵ȻСֵܣԼҵǿ˵ɵй
ϹһЦϵˣүˣ޴磬֣
޳ӦȻܿ죬ȴûçײһһΪûеˣδǿ»ȥ
Ȼˣǣ
ʮϲŭݣ޳һס֣ɱٴǿȥ
ϵ۳ʵ壬ͬһҪ˭֪ǿޱȵӣϵ˲䣬һ⣬סȻ顣ʮһ޳ûϸ
ƾǻסңδҲ̫СƱүʵˡ
޳ȻӦܿ죬ʵҲϸ𺳵ˣȻ˲ǹŪ飬޳ԼУҪҲޱȡ
ٴοϣɵøǺ϶ܡ
ϱĺܲ˼ŤŤȥ˵ôֱֱĿҸ뿪
޳Լս֮Уû뵽ԼȻѣһڡֻΪһʱʱѾΧסĸɷ໥Ӧ֮ĳϵ·γһǽ޳С
ķ󣡡
һ󺰣âֱӳʣѹǣеĺͬ˳ɢ¶ǹ⡣
âͬһᴩصĳҴȻкܴѹƸУͬڼ᲻ɴݵ
ʮȻûд˺޳ڱе޳ܴƣʱԳֹ޳
ˣٸһλᣬ㻹ǾܾĻǾͱֲˡ
޴Ųͬأ
޳ڿϵû뵽е˿ûʶ״ɲս˵ĵߣ


1947 
ˡ
޳ڵϣϷ£ԼٴУۿżˣ˵ҵ̬Ⱥֵһôܹң
ƣ
ŽɫĹâһ޴Ľ͸޴ڳֵ˲䣬㽫󷨸Ŵһ󷨲ϵ󣬼ҲϺˣ׵Ŀռ䡣
ôܣֻ𣿡
ǿѾȫڵʵ֮ϡ
ʮʶԼղΪһҶΰһΪǿߡ
Ӵ󷨷Ʋģ
ʮһȣٴСеĽ޲ϱ仯޳һȭɫıϣǵûƻһ鶼ûУ޳ϴֱƷɳȥ
޴磬ͦ
棬һĺ˿ûע⵽Χ˱仯ɫ
޳Զ޲ߣȫһ赲Լܹɮ˵ʵȫԼãȫĿơ
޳ϸмսꪣսһ֣ǲаĺ޳ȫסǿаʴ޳塣
ǣ
ںսֵꪳ˲䣬϶ʱɫһɹɺϵĿÿνӽᱻɢϵɫҲøѿ
а·Ե޳ôֶа֮
ʮϵʮҲʴĸ˵ܹ󷨡ʮſе޳ʮǹɺ˿£޳ȴ˽ĽӴҪôǿֵܹʴ
޳ԽԽͣеɱȴԽԽءôǿˣΪãϾɱþԲῴһԼҵĵ˾ô뿪
޳ûʹÿʽΪҲ֪Լһô޴һϣ鷳ˡ
ȻʶǿΪȴΪǿûи
һúս֮ꪲϡ
ȫԸ
ʮϺɫ
ĸǿ߹ͬǧ֮ڣȫݻ٣һɢЯžʯŷǷȥݺݵײڷǵĳǽ֮ϣ֪ģΪ޶أ
޳ȫһҲֻһ󷨲ѡĻΨһڵˣȫûӰ졣
޳ٴα֮ɣԽǿ󣬷ԽǿֱӴߵһߣȻٴαɣֱ׹ڵϡ
ʮϿᵽˣæı󷨣ķɱ󣡡
󷨴ɫɺɫͬҽһ㣬ԭߵĺƱټںɫϷһȦȦУԲԲ֮Ŀ϶˸Űâ
ѹԽԽ޳ӵüͷգĵڷˣò˵ԼҶ󷨵оǾˣĸˣ֮ʵŴʮֹһ֮޳Ҳ޲ߣΨһ̱кսꪣԺսꪵĿ֮ӦǿֵסεĹ
Զһ㣬ϵϢӰҵ
ϱ뿿޳ȴԼò޳һľ롣޳һһĽ⣬֮࣬ûϵĻǶ˵Сһ㣬һҲһס
޳ɵУֱе֮
һը֮ǵ·Ҫ޴ֱ£ͬϵľ֦ȫϸС磬ɨڵһУֱ֦ӭ޳֮У޳ȴҲ˿壬һ󺰣
ʽûȫʹã㿴һӰӵԼǰӰʱͷĶ޳һЦ˵ʲôɺֱӭ֮âᴩأһΪ㣬ý޳ס˿ûܵӰ졣
ϡ
޳һʱ˵ԼûбϣҪܵģǲģ
޳оԺһƬ磬ǰ·˻þ
ϵ·һȥ׻л촷ۣ¶۰׵Ƥͬոŵ꣬۰дߺ졣彥չ޳ǰһСؤرһӡӶ޷·ؼõĻ
Ψһвǽüͷ޳ŷ֣ܵԴϷ֮ԼϵĺսꪣһֱӰϡϡ
ǽ֣Ǳ׵ƿǽֱӭһ
޳ͻȻоԼӱУһָͷԭǲ㣬ѪѪ
ͻȻһ嵽УǽƲɵ˲Ĺͽɣ˲ڿɢ˲ɢҲϷѸɢ
ãػ󷨣
ʮϸæ󺰣֮࣬ᣬæӴٴۡ
ͪӿл䣬Ϲ޳·Ȼɫ԰ףȴǺЦ·һ񾲵Ρ
أ
·ŷ֣ͣڿеֻһӰʱӰɢʮɫ䣬ܵĳԼһȺʵǸ˿ȥҪҳ󷨵һȹ
޳ûʮ˿ǽţͫ͵
ȷû޳Ϊ޳λñǸ˵סߣȻս֮ꪲУʮŷ֡
޳㡭
ʮ˵޳֣޳һĿ
󡣡
Ѹٰڳһֱߣ˵Ϣ·𻯳һɣʵֱӴﵽ۷ľ磬ȻֻǾѣ˵ĵӣͬ£ʹʽ
һصĻɫâǰ棬ͬһ޴ǽƾۣԿǽľ˵ķ޳ûйһУԼķȥˤ˲䣬Ͻסطڵϡ
һߵױݻûȥһӢ꣬һŮ޳һʱ䲻֪
ԺԼһ˯ܵı飬޳Ӧòµֻܹ̫Լȫƭ
ʮϣҶҵˣҶǻزȥˣ㣬ҴҾ˾ȥ
ʶⳡսҶΰʶԼҲıӻԼڱǰͬһ㡣۾֮УҲ֮ӵеֻԱͿʵ
ʮǿһ㣬Ż֮ʱҶΰһߡ
Ҷΰ˵ϲȻľǳңԶȴܹܵ޳ǿѹϵĹ֮飬ȻĹԼ
һͷƣڸղ׽µ˲䣬ƺŶ䣬ǸŮˡ
ҿ϶Ͼ˲䱻ᴩû
޳żˣѾԶȥ⣬ܵ˺ܲ
ߣԼң


1948 
˯ŵӾǸճӤʱʱҰ죬Ľëͬе£ȥǣʣģǸƤڹȥ޳˯ŵϣȫûһ־壬ȥĲ
һرһϣҶ˺ܿ콫ҵΪ׵Ҷ䣬Ŀ޳ģɵͷһ
ƽ̲ŵŭ𣬾ԲԼƽϢ
Ҫ뿪ɣ
ϱ޳סû˿ϵӣΪǸСؤܵˡ
ǽϣҶһȻûпⳡսḶ́ɽԣĸǿûɱ޳ҲѹǳɭǼ˻ᱻɱʣԼܲһǸطԼʵԶʤһǿߣԼǻܹﵽ״̬ǾԼҲ󷨶򲻹
Ҷһ֣˷׷뿪
һֱصУ˶˿໥ӣÿ϶ˮʪϢֲ̫ˣͬһԼ˯һСģѡ
Ҷˮƽɢϸ۲컹ܴпЦ⡣ɳۣټ緢
һ죬Ҷÿ춼ԶԶ޳ȴʼղ῿֪ʱԼǲҪĺáͬʱеΣǿ񵤲ǱԼ˵ĻܵصҲ῵
صǣڳǰͣסţөݣȻ񵤣òֻƣЧغȫ棬׼ֵҪҪߵöࡣ
өҲ֪ҶҴ˼ʮ֣֮꣬Ҳû˴өݵ⡣
ȴһֻԼļͷһԼĸ΢ЦĿԼԼһëа̾Ѳɱˣ
ٿҲûã±ԿֻмС˵꣬ҶԿóдɫ˵ɣһԼǿˣ˾û취˵˵ˡ
Ҷ룬ֽӹԿף򿪵±⣬ʧڵ±Ӱ֮С
Ҷ̾һԼΪ˶ӣ߳һһμҶ䣬ܽᱻ֣ʱԼһɾˣΪⱦﲢҶңڻҡ
ҶҲĿֹźڰŵĻ䣬֣ժ¡
ʱ䣬˯ð꣬·˲أΪʲôٳٲѹ޳Ժвϻ嵲סĻ棬Ůݶ鶼ΪοһƲ£ԼаƻϵķԼӰ
޴磡
޳ͷҶ䣬ϵ·ǺãվҶȥ
˵ĵһ仰ǡҶΰ𣿡
Ҷ̾˿˵Ǹֻүүһ˶ȥԼңǿߣԼҡ
˵ˡ
޳ϵҶ˵Ը񣬼Ȼںңһʲô鷢ɣ
ûҶŻнөóΡΡ޳һ使Сг˾ȣĵرǧûУҲֻ̺ĿУ飬өݸ֮
޳֪òݾܽϾȻ˹صĶҶ˶پŻ飬ȫһ֡޳ܣǺҶ֮Ҳ϶޳ͷөݽӹȥ
ȥ°ɣ
Ҷ䳯ϵķȥֻһ޵ĲȴҶȫմ޳ŷҶ䣬ΪҶΪϵնԾոõҶǳˣЦ˵ˣϵעˡ
ϡϡϡ
Ҷ䲻ڿлζտЦһ˵컯Ūˡ
޳Ǻ棬Ҷ漴һڲԵӣҲûʣֱҶ뿪Žөݸι¡
өû֮ʥϢɢаϱһҲ˵ҶһԻҲŻὫөݷҶأڹؼʱʹã˴ϣν°빦
͸޳һ˼ϸĺսꪶܵӰ졣ܿ죬·͸һ㣬ؼеϻۣɲǿţؼǵڶݵ˲ʧȥе޳ܵĺˣսָꪴȻߵԽԶԽá
޳վǧ֮⣬ϱҫ۵Ĺâҫ۵İ׹̫ͬһ㣬Ǵкôɶ޳˵ȴһʹͬڵԵսҲԽԽȶʱ͸ӡ
һ䶯ĲֻǷǵˣǿߣǸطǿҲ
ǡȻ

ڰ׹֮У޳һϤϵ̫âʧҲ·޳¡
㡭
޳û˵ֻôаָָԼͣ˵
ˣ޳ݲ˵ֱ꣬ӳȥϸһȦһȦתֱԼ˷ܵ鷢й꣬Ҳ֪ת˶ȦǰѾԼСܣСãɿ
ֱţָ޳㡭˵ʲôţ
û
޳˵˵ĻҶȻԼ
ϻҶΰɻʵҪҲҶҰòǸѶŹҶңȻԼҵ汳ɣ
޳һȻˣͷ·ûк¶֡
ˣø˰ɣôҾȻһֱڹ
ܵӱߣˮһףһ뻨ڵ¶ϧɫԺǴ߰ɣ߶ڼǴˡ
վ޳˵ʲôʵҾͽϣѵⲻһŮ𣿡
ϣ϶ͦġ޳ã֮ǰһƵġ
ˡϵ·㡭ܵͣ͵ֱɫͨ죬Ӳһֱ䡣
ʲôϵ˵ʵΪֵأ

һֱӶͷðŲǺߵģ޳Լˡץס޳֣ݺݵһ£һ˵ΪҿЦĴۣĻֵزҶˣȥԷһε͵Ƕĳͷ

޳ǿһ治ǰ˾ȻǸŮӡ
޳ŷȥıӰһЦȴɷ
ȥԱҲã㷹ʰҶΰʱ򡣡
Լҡ
ԼҼ¿ԼֶӣΪԼʧһǿߣ޵ҧгݣԼֶӣһ취ûС
˾ˣʧǿߣ䣡


1949 Ŀ
¿űյֶӣͺǻһˣ֮ǰǷɢһɨգ˳ͷȻʮ˵һпԼ׬ˣȻʧһǿߣȴһĺӡ
ȥؾ
ûؾĽ벢ûֻҪһܳΪǿߣһ£ҲԼˣһĸ׵ѪΥҹ档
¶ѿɫؾһ£ؾ֮Уʲʮ֮һұԼҵѪܽȥԼȣһǿߵ䣬˶ܲסǿвһЩţڽ֮ǰȫ׼ҶΰͻȻԼҪؾܸˣȴòֹԼľٶ
֤ԼһҪؾһ·Ҫ֪ǲܻͷĵ·
˾ˣѾ¾ˡ
Ȼ竣˾ͲҡӣǺ֮ǰһ
Ǻðɡ
˳ԼҵĺɽȥһԼҺɽƱá
һ޳Ŀɿڴ
ԵĲˣȥ˰ɣ
ƣûԶû뵽Ȼô࣬Ȼ˵ԶٶνϾǾǼʮ꣬겻Էû⣬ȫǸϲöѡ
޳ϻصҶңոսȥҶޣɺϣɵ˲ɵΪǿ޳ŲٱҲһǿԵԼȴ֪ܵ˵һɡ
ϹˣҶת鵤óŵУ˵˵ˣҿǵˣһֱһЩö壬ⲻЩȫǸ׼ġ
ǲ١
޳Ҷӣ˼㳯ҶȥȻҶҲԼȴʵ⣬ΪԼ롣
ө𣿡
ҶĿԼĶӣȻΪͣȴҲ㲻ЩĵرԼĶӵ˵ͷǷһףа̾ȻѾˣΪʲôһ仯ûУѲҩЧûӳ
һ뷨ͷͷֲ̫ȥܡ
өıһͨҲܹһԾ죬οҵĶأһҩЧûзӳ
Ҷ䡣
޳˽ҶҲ΢΢ԾҶתʱҶæ޳ƣʾ޳ҪǼ˵
޳Ҷֵı飬ٿҶһӣдһ㣬ڵĸлĻӲȥ
Ҷ޳ˣϲһĸǿߣ˶Է˵ȻնɱһˣʵѵÿɹʱͬΪҲҲڶˡ
ֶҴһҶҶ㣬
ˡ
ҶһҶ䣬·ڰʾʲôȻ޳һЦ˵뿪ʲôú˵ʲô飬Ҳǡ
Ҷ뿪Ҷ䱻ŵһ亹ҪҶ֪Լөݸ˱ˣֱӷԼټ֮λҪñ֪ĻǺءһж޳ҶΪԼһУ޳Ȼ
ϡϹӣôˣ
ЩõĿҶһۣ˵޳˵ңллˣ󼸸ָأھҶ䣬ҶɫøѿЦã˵޳ĺֵܣȻչˡ
ϣһȥҶ˵飬Ұһᡣ
ʱ޳˵ۣϻָ޳Ǳͷۡ
Ҷ俴޳ĶֱҪſˣһֿЦı飬˸еЦ
޳ûЦ⣬˵ǿñϣݶһԶס֮Ҳˣֱ˵֮λ⣬ǲǻ飿
ȻҶʲôûи޳˵ɴҶ佫өݽԼʱףөȫԸʣڿʼĹԴﵽ򾳣ʱҪû˷ԡôõһᣬȴ˷ˣѡ񽻸ԼԼȷأʮҲȲһөݣУȻʲô顣
޳Ҫ֪ľࡣ
ҶͶ˶˵ʲô۾ȴϣû˵ڡ
ģôԣǾҪ˵ȥҲû˻ţοúõرͣǲϣ
ϰ޳һۣҶ˵˵ǣҳԼĶ֮⣬κζ
Ҷͬ⣬˿˵黹Ҫӱ˵νɽʵǿҲһòҽԼĶУ޺ϼǱ
еļ嶼վӪֻҶң֧޻ӵģҲģҶ֧ϼӣնʲô鶼óҶޱ濴ҲʵһϴձϼҶΪ
޳Ҷ޵һ۱оУоԽԽأҶ޲һɵˣȴһֱװɵղŸԼͶڴһźšɵ˶䡣ⷴΣյĵط
ҵϼĿǰҲֻϼϻһơ޼ʥء
޼ʥȻĿ½ȴĴڣҶҪ޼ʥصɫʥǿߣʤ
ϼӺҶΰһĸҲ޼ʥأֽϼߵĹϵɼôС
޳ͷȴԳԾ޼ʥӦþĿ½ǿڣһֱԿģҲӦǡǿʤҶӻо͸¶޼ʥصľη
Ҷ俴һۣ˵ʵϣ
ž
޳ϣֻ޹Ŀ޳˵Сıӵڵˡ
ҶŵúëǲСİǹѲ豭ڵϣΪ޳ϣҶϣҶǿ
Ҷ˿ĭ˵޻˵޼ʥдĿķǳԵҪͨϼĿ硣޼ʥȻҪȻҸϺܶ࣬½һֱϼҵģҲ͸ˡʮҲػϼһңǳΪʥص߹
Ҷ俴޳˵Ϊ׳ǵʵǡҴ󲻶ȴӵôǿʵò˶೤ʱ䣬һΪһ񣬵ʱҲҶҵļʱĻλսвŻһЩơ
޳ˣԼһμĿλᣬҲڷһЩ
ʶҶ䣬ҶΪˣȴҲܹޣֻܱ֤ԼذҶ䣬⽫ԼƲҶҲ޳˼ûн⣬޳ޣһͬԼ۹⡣
˵Ҷ俴ϣһ˿Ц⡣
޳ϵͷ˵߰ɣ˵ԼһҶ㰲˷䣬˵ҵĻá
Ҷǰó򣬶˵޵£ȷ˾
ã洫
ȥɡ


1950 ޷Ƶ
ˣ뿪֮ǰһ䣬Լ޻ӵʵϼӵ
վڳŸ޳еҶһ£ǰˣһͦһװ۾ȴ޾ŭһͷߣŶңɴ棬Сȴ˵սľȥԼҵ鷳кϷˡ
ϼӵҪʲôĻҿϵ޻ӡ
û£ֻⴥ޻ӣҾûйˡ޳һЦϸܲһɱȴȫ顣
Ҷ䱾ΪҪ޵ʰԼңڿԼж
ɶǿԼң޳
һСġ
޳ϳԶȥһֱ˵Ӱʧתسǡ
صԼķ֮ǿٴó˵޳ѾˣƺҪȥԼҵ鷳Ӧô
û£øǼֵܳȥѾͷȥԼҵ׳ǵ޳ҵĵ֮ĹϵһŰֽڷֲϲ밮飬ұǲѿǰػʹպܵ˼֮ࡣ

ҶֹûнөݵޣУҪ޳һ𣬶Ǻһ
ҶԼҵķа̾޳ϣԺмĻᡣ
޴磬ܲߵĿһ㣬ԼҵĳǳﻹԶúܣߵĻһ¶˰
޳žʢϣĸеΣԼȥĻʱܵȴҪȥ
ֱӷȥɣ
УֱӷȥͶ˵һأ
ϲᣬ޳ŶôǿʵȴǴδһôǿȴȫá
޳Ҫʶ֪̽׶ôǿȴû뵽ʶո֮̽У㱻һǿıϷ
Ͻһתͷȵ޳˵ղʲô
޳ǱһŪȦȴʲô֪һ㡣̲סʵѵо
ɻҡҡͷ˵Ҹ˵̫ǿ󣬶ҽֻлûкô˽ҵӡֻҪܵ˺ʱŻ֣Դ֮ǹѾоˣֻǲݶѡ
޳ͷóһѳ˵ҽ㣬䵽ϣȻһһӡ
޳Լ䵽ϣһӣһԶľسΣȻֻһҪǸһʾ
ϵ˵ͷʼ޳뷨ȥڳ֮йȻһӡ
һտʼֻһ˴СԽԽ󣬵ֱӰԶɽԶߣն롣
ɣ
޳֪ϵܱԼǿȴû뵽Ȼǿ˹
ôǲǺҲԼˣ˺óʱ䣬ŷӦ޳˷˵Լǳǿȴǿûи޳ֻ֪Ѿﵽ벽״̬
벽ϣһڲ֪ã޳ԽԽϵݣҲʼǲ޼ʥ滹иǿʵϾǹ
ȻֻǺ˼룬޼ʥͺܶʥǿߣҪǻиǿĻߣ
Ͽ޳ȵ˵Цǲҵʵİǲֵġ
Ҫס仰Ŷʱʳˡ
ڲͬ磬Ϊ໥жԵЧĻһս޳Ҳ֪ʱԼܲܳ֡
ͣ˵ȻڵǲǿԺһսˣ
Уڻÿƣôǿûѧʹ֮ǰԲʹá޳ſлĿռӡǣǵ⣬һռпҪһڵ֮ϣԿƵĻֻҪùˡ
ǣӡҵ˵ˣȡӣǲܺһսˡ
ɫ޳ҲĬûֵ飬˽ʵΪãҪǺߵĻϼУҲǲȫģԼߡ
޳ĵĽϿķʽԼôڣͷųôĿֲһĺת
ϱԼȥ׳ǵʱúԼܹ޳⼸޳ûзȫûˡ
޴磬ôֱȥ׳ǰɣǸҪɱǵļһһˡ϶޳˵ĻȻһûУȴ޳۾һݹ⡣ʣѾ̫ãҶΰֿʼ׳ˣʱԼȥʰ
Ҷΰȷ׳ǴȴΪ竣Ϊ׳Сǿߣֱڡ
֮ܶ󣬶ΪҶΰͷǵҶΰһˣɵǿҶΰ³ʱʶԭǸ竵ӣĳΪǿߡ
үǰɶҵģɱʼŶ
һҶΰϣͬˮ߰촽ҶΰȥҶΰȴΪ֮ǵȻ˵ˣҾͲϻˣɲǺģæųڷ磬˵ҶΰǺ֮ǰһһӵܣҪá
Ҷΰүѵ㲻ΪѧƣŮӴ˿ǣϧҶΰΪ֮ͻȻЦҵȻ֪ĺãֻѾһŮˣҵĴӴֻΪ㣬ʵʵȥͺˣҪң򡭡
Ůһ㶣æҶΰľս˵ǣҶΰү
¥¡
໥ƣ˳еƣ¶֮ŮҪǣȴܲϢɵøϽӿ
磬ǵԵòҪ棬Ů˶ҹ
ֻǹҲ棬ǸҪֵ֪ĵط죬ȰƽȻڰһ
һæ˵磬Ҫ˵Ҳǹģģ˵кϷ˰죬ֻʵﵽ򾳵Ҷΰȷ֣㲻һ̨Ϸ
ԭԼֱܽǿߵĴ˵ǼٵģƳʵ֮⣬УѵͲ뿴Լʲôö˵ڻħֻҪħڣԶ޷Ϊǿߡ
ڵʵ
ֻǱѡ
˵Ǻйͬ⡣
һЦһʲô鶼ںһۣа룬ǿ֮Ĺϵһ㵽ֵط


1951 սҶΰ
Ҷΰ
޳һ׳Ǳ˵Ҷΰûֱӱ߸ֳɲϴһš
޳ҲǺɻ󣬼ȻԼѾ֪ԼΪʲôҶΰҶΰڳڹ죬ѾҶΰƲԼ
ʲôɣ޳УҶΰԲܻ졣
ⲻ޳𣿡
Ҷΰ¥ϳ֣޳һ㶼ûкµ˼ǴϷĿ޳
޳Ҳˣʵǿ֮⣬Ҷΰ˶Ȼһ£Цһû뵽ԼȻһҶΰ⻪ת䡣
ҶΰүҲģ𣿡

ҶΰʱԼûһйȥ˾ֱӱ룬Ѫ硣޳΢΢ԾҶΰҲô˷УȫûнԷһӿµҶΰʵղǵУ޳Ҳûпôֵġ
죬Ҷΰй޵ӣԲı𿿽ҡ
Ҷΰϵʵ۾ԽԽΣոС޳ͷһ𣬴һﵽһǿߣô⼸ʱа취ֱӲǿߣԼǵǿߣ
ҶΰϢĿȫԶһڡ޳ȹ龪ȣҶΰҪһΪ鷳֮ǰ
޳ҪҶΰȴҶΰֱӳȥٴνϽߡ
ɶ񡣡
޳󣬳ųȥ
ǿ֮սԭ˵ĺϷȷʣǲֻǿϷô򵥣Ҫһߣ˵ˣ˭ˣ
ǣ㻹Ǽɣƾһʤ㡣
ҲǺܿ͸ȥٳۼĿǰ¶Ϣֻ޳ҶΰˣȻֻǴһ߿ֵġ
ſҡ
֪ݣ˲֪ԷģҲ˺㣬ҲὫ˵ȥҪԶҡ
ķӡ
ͻȻĸ֣Ȼ͵һ´ϵıϣϻûзӦ˹ȥ
޳Ϸ£żȥûеϵߣһǿὣԼ޳ͷҲתһȭŽͱȥ
ǿǿߵһȻȭͷȥԿⲻֿ𣿡
һˣҵǿҶΰͦ˵ģҲȰʣٺս
Ƕһ⣬Ǹ˭ĿﵽʵĹֶһ˵ȴûм˸ҵĸоҪԶԶҶΰ
ȷ˭
ŷ޳İףгȴ֪Ӧȥѯ˭
磬϶֪˭ɣ
ֻ֪޳ȴģһŲ֪
ߵǸ˼˵˾㿴е˰ɣ治Ҷΰһǿٶȣ㲻֮꣬ܿһĵ˾޳гΪĿܣȴûаҪ£˼ҲûаϾ磬ʤɱûпɽˣɳתͷˣа룬òΪ޳Ŀɽɣ
һͰԼҸˣ˿鷳ǴҲһϾľ֣ش֮
һ޳һǽֱӱס޳һУݺһˤȻ飬Ĵɢ
ҶΰССĳһ֮ǰ޳ս޳Щ˽⣬ʱΪͣ޳ʵжϣʵĳܴû뵽޳ʵǿ˵ز
⣬Ϊ޳Լؾ󿼺ʽɣԼָȥ㲻ûΪԼҵļ
޳ǰʱһֱԹݻҵһУ·Ҫлл㣬Ϊ㣬ɾڵһС
ߣҪסݳɾҴģôҲܹȡߣң㷸Ĵ󡣡
޳һȣϸڼսꪣΧеǿ߸еʡ޳оǴս֮󣬺սꪵʵٴͬԼܹܵļҲٴסսꪣǿʵĸо޳еǳ˷ܡ
һУ
޳ڿоֲ˳һ罫Ҷΰ滹ɢգֻܿ׹˸κ֪̽ɷ˸жϡ
ն
ͻȻֹڿзһѪΣѪͻȻۺ⣬һ޴Ľ޳ȥ
˺һǲȻն룬ɢڿС
ȻնҵĿơ
޳ͷųǰγһ޴ǽڣѪнʴǽۿҪͻһ㣬޳ϣҶΰȴջأһǽǰ͵һȭǽȻ顣
ƣ
ϻ޳ǰȵĸ˲佫ΧĿ󷨣ϢĿⶼŤ޳Ҷҵʱģŷ컯İ壬ҪԶԶһ似
һڣҶΰܵķӦǶ㿪Ǵʱ㿪ҲѾˡ
ն
֮ǰʧĽٴγͣ࿹⣬ڿƽɫ˭Ҳ޷˭
޳˿ûͣߣϳԶȥ
޳ϵʱǸֵüë˶һ˺֣Ϊϸܵһɱɱ޳ġ
Ǻܿ޳ΪʲôͻȻͶ޳
ɱһţȻȴҲûзϡ
ôˣѲǿԼ򲻹ҶΰԸæ뿪
Ҳ˵Ҷΰ˭ǿ˭ղŷǴӵϼʲôй˼ɣս
޳ߡ
Ҷΰһ󺰣ҶıӰ׷ȥ˿ŽʧıӰԼͬҪ߳ȥۿһû󷨵ıЩ˵ʵʱΪսڻңȻкڴȴû˸̤ȥ
磬ҪҪ
ڿ޳ѡǱսġ
ӹȥӹȥӹȥսĺۼɢһЩҲͷΪ޳ˣԲȥɾʱǱߵͻȻ·ըһ㣬һ޴Ľ޳߳ݺݵڳǽ֮ϣǰѳǽϵ˸Żˣ˿֮ǽ޽ɢҶΰڱ֮ϣΪûˣԱҲʧˣҶΰݺݵȺ֮Уһ졣
ղô£ѵֻһҶΰ𣿡
Ļ˵꣬ȴͻȻƺһɢųһֻ֣ࡣ
ֵĿҶΰҶΰʱȫѪ˵Ѫûܵ˺
ҶΰŲܸ޳أ


1952 ˲
ҶΰŲܸ޳أֻ޳ҵϣ
˵꣬ϺһȥǸ˺ȻըѪĽһģæеۻ֮ȻдвɴʱηҶΰʵû˸˵ʲô
޳ͻһҵϣ
ֻ۸ߣǸҡҡͷ룬޳֮Ĳ̫ˣԼȻǿߵԺʵҲˣûа취ٴ޳Ķ֣ز֮޳Ϲغϵûˡ
һЦŴԶ޳ɫ
һΪҪߣҲǲϸ干棬ҶûеģҶ̫СģץסȫԳΪҵұۡԭ˱ޣֻ˶Լݣʵòߵﶼϳ
֣ȴоһǿϢʮ֮࣬ϵǿߡ
ͷһԭ»һԼǿߣϸȥµԶվһˡҶޡ
ԭϼҲκϽˣĿ޳أ˸޳κһʧȥ˶˵һ޴ʧ
޳ղʱҪϸϾֻҪʹúսꪵϾͻеܣԼʱ򣬾ȻһܵһοϲӣƽˣҲоκܡ
Ӽᶨϸ˼ղ⼸Ҫʱ䶼ڶèèͲˡԼҶΰʱҲҲԣ޼ɵʹúսˡ
޿޳ĺսꪣüͷ΢壬ԼǸܵ޴Σ̲סҪͷųԼҪͷųǾԼǰ¶Լһһ̾ǵһʲôȻӵа
ʮҲȺ֮УǼʶսꪵ޳ʹóսꪣʱɫ䣬æ˵ǿȥæɣҵҶΰܲס
¿ʮһۣ˵ôǻҶΰúõϤԼҪҶΰӮˣǹȻǺ£ˣʱٳҲ٣𣿡
ʮֻ˳µ˼æ˵˵öԣҶΰүʵǿö࣬һܡ
û˵ֻ꣬޳ֻǷӶǺսꪶѣ似ûʹãһ֮Ҷΰڽڰˣڿг˼˵ĻӰ
Ҳ㳢Լõǹ
˻һ˶ɫ
ഫԼһԼؾڶʹõǹڶΪ֪˵ǰ֮¡
񴫳У±ɫȻǹУֻҶΰԼѡˣ񴫳УʹԼҽٴǿʢ
޳ʲô
̫أ޳Ҷһ⣬ʲô鲻Ӧĳɢ޵ĵӡ
нֵ̳ӵɢôܴӷ䣬޳ʵҶ޶֪ʦȻҲǸطѵѧɲţ
ȥҲ벻ֻͨøôˡ
ҶΰǱ׹ǹУ˵ϢٴҪǺ޳ѷɫ١

Ҷΰһշ·˺飬ս£ͬĩһ㣬׳󷨵ı׳˿ɾˡ
ʱż󷨵ǿ𺳣ûк󷨰֣վŵ˶еңͬʱҲΪվŵ޳ǡ
ֻ޳ߵĺ۳УĽ޳Χ͸ɣγ⾪ˡ
ôܣȻжܹɡ
Ҷΰڿʼ޳еɵԼҵ˼״֮󣬱Ҫǰȴֹ
¶˵ⲻ޻𣿻Ӵݹ٣ҵûԶӭǱǸ
޿һЦ£ûĺһ˵£ܲϢȻܹҡ
»ûڣߵ˵磬治Ϣй¶ˣһΪǹأ
޿ߵĳ·Ц˵㡭
֪ұ¶ȴһֱѣⲻǹԼڶʱ·Ц˾׽ŪԼΪ֣޸ǻ
Ҳ˸õı֡
Ҷ֮ϵǳУԼе;Ҷ䶼֪ɺҶȴѣ෴Լ·Ц繫ϵˣִ£Ҳû˵Լϼľ⣬Ϊų·ЦһվԼߡ
ⲻǷЦֶôп׳ˣ¶Գ·Ц̬Զʤڶ޵̬ȣ޲ˬ
·ЦΨһôûˣԼѣϼҲѣЩϵС
壬Ҹ֮ǰһҪתʺҶʮ֮һƽɵöϵϵ鰡
Цֶǿˣôʱû㸸ף͵һٱһ̸Ц
ҸҲôġ
¿Щˬæ˵£ǲǿ޳ˣ
仰˼ǣ޳ǲˡ
޳ǵһμ͵ģҶΰҲԼֶӡ
ЦЦû˵ڣԼҾͲ֣ܳҶΰֺΣգеΪ֮ʱҶΰүүҲҶϣҶļǿ߳˳ȥ
ΰû°ɣ
үү޳ǳ֣Сһ㡣
ߣȻҶûԼô󷨣սȴ˿ѷɫԼңҵҪ޳һôӦĸ˵Ĺ
˵ֻ꣬ؼͻȻͣͣȻǿתų޳ȥͬһ޴ͷ޳Ҳη壬ֱӾսꪺͶԷ࿹⣬ʱһ죬˾ƽɫ
޳û뵽ͷӾȻǿʵ˫ַ飬սꪶס
ʽ
ںսϷγһ޴ĺӰȫɺɣͻȻ䣬һԶŵ֮޵Ŀ־ӣ޳û뵽һô࣬ʹѹҲ֮ԼȻֲס
аʴģ޳Ҳܲסһ¡
ںսֲ꪿Ϊ̵ޣǿµͺרſǻң԰׵ɫûие£˷Ϊϣ˴ϼϣ
ɣ
޳Ҷΰȥռ䶼ѣҶΰҲֱʹóԼǿʽǹƣ
һȫ˭ǿ˭ʤʧܵǸֻһ³Ǳǡ


1953 ׹Ѩ
ͽâмɢĿâһ޴ɢʱһ֪Ӻδ֨Ʒѵ
޳Цˡ
ҶΰǺܼ֣Ҳˡ
ǣǹϿǽâ˿ûмҶΰ˲ʧڽâ֮УǽâҲǽȥǽϵһαЩˡ
󷨣治֪ٴΡ
µ˵Ҷΰʧͬʱеһ꣬ǿ߰Ȼݻ٣лһκ˶е
㡭ɱҵ
޳ȻҵʱӦ뵽н죬ȻҼȻɱˣ׼һɣ
һ˶Ըĸ
ˣҾŹЩˣ⼸˻뿪𣿱ЦˣԼһûг֣ΪǶ϶޳ӲҶҵ׷
һ˿ԼҲΪǶ޳ģţﱻݻ٣δԵ̫ˡ
겻һϾʵȻҲǳǿ󡣡
仰۾ޣа룬ʲô˼Ȼ޳ˣôھӦóֽ޳£ѵҪһ߿
Ҳò׼ԼҪҪ޳޳ӣ˵ĹϵȻûв飬ԼҪǿв𿪣ǻ⵽ɡ޳ĲںԼУǿɾ鷳ˡ
޳
޿սһţɲΪ
޳ҪѪΰ
ŰЯŽг޳ȥ޳Ӷսꪣ˸ȴʼû˺
ɶٶȾȻǻҪ졣
ҶѸٶȻѷɫԼҵ󷨣ҶҪĸԼǿҲû취ơȻԺڴʱȴԵ˲԰ףԼóĶ˺ʹӦرܰɣ
ҶͯСģ޳Сȥˡ
ɶ񣬲Ҷɱ
һɫĽͬҶһ㣬ܶȾ޳ҲóȻȥ֮ǰҶΰսĲСҪʱָһЩԲûɱУĶԷ
޳裬΢Ŀ˸е𾪡
ţŰ
ĻʤˡһģҪǴȥǸǶô𾪰
Ӯ޳־ԻΪһμѻ
޳û˵ЩʲôҲ˵ЩʲôҪľܹڶʱڽ⼸ɱȻصߡ
ڼԶƺһͬذ㴿۾˿ΧԼһİĻ֮С
Ҷΰ֪ҵݣûи޳
ϸæӵһХҶ˺޳սʱļ֮£һƯڿУ۾һʱʧ·޳˾ǰ
Ҫǰæ޳ĺͣǰĽŲһĶѣȴ˸оֻҪǰ̤ȥһ޳ǰ
޳ϵķȥа룬
ϸոջԶƿػϤȻߣȴҲǱǿϢ˶еȡ
·Ц˵磬ܵ𣿡
ûһǿ߲еϢɾ˭ʲôĿģΪʲôڻ¶棿
ϢȻоǿߣȴûǿƲɵѹǿߣȴʵǿ
ЩΪߵģ֪ϢʵѾﵽ񾳽磬ʵȴܵѹơ
Ȼܵѹƣǿ߾ǿߣ¶ʮ֮һԼҲǵĶ֡
ܵϢ˿ɾûݼʶˣ϶ϾǿߣǿѾûϳ֣˷׷ײ²⣬Ϊ޳
Ǹǿ߱޳ʦôϣҲƫƫ޳ֵʱ֡
ô˵Ҳˣѹ޳ǿıһǿ֧ţº߶û˸˵ʲô
иǿ߿Ͻңڿ϶Ҫ޳ǿöࡣ
˵ĻȺжʱһ꣬齫˸ӳȥǰŵѪɫͬѡ
ǿΪܣһĸԼȼߵǿߣʵʵ޳Լôǿ󣬵޳Ϊǿߣ޵ˣ
Щ̲סһ˵ľô״ﵽ𣿡Լ۷ǿҲ٣ܹһģôûһ
ˡ
޳ȻϤϢϵĺʱٶȻٴҶҼ˹ȥûаֵ˼
ҶҼȻǸܵϢǱΪǰ޳ǿߣһʱ䲻Ҷ֣ǽŷϢûзֵң޳ҲϢбѹƣףǿ߾ԲΪ޳
ȻˣǾ޳֮ǰɱһϣԼ˾ҲûлҶΰˡ
ս˲䱬״˼ӿ࣬Ǳٶȣ޳Ҳظˡ
ɶ񣬿ʽ
޳ҪԼĿʽ־ٵһʱͻȻһ飬һԭԼֱһУ⽣же˲䣬ԼʱĪĶɡ
ĶأȻǶ޳ϽһǿнǹĪĶų⡣
Ҷΰүү޳־ٶдϲ˵һûа취ǵķѨһʹ÷ѨԸ
Ѩ
޿ߵĳ·Ц˵ѨҶҶԷԪصհ壬Ѩ򾳽ܹʹõģԺҶʹãԿƣһǶ̫һɱ˶ԷԼһ
޿Ҷˣгζ˵ѨҶǿıֶΣ⼸Ҫʹ𣿡
룬⼸ҲмɵţҶҷѨı׶˺ԣʱ䳤Ҽ׶㿪һɹ˶û޳л뵽ˣ˲ɵԥ
ʲô
ǣ
ǿѾʹóѨ޳ǱѨסﻹԥϵ˲䱬űһ״СķѨ˲䱻׵ķѨȻֻôһ㣬ȴ޳ȫߣԼ嶼Ѳ˷Ѩ
⵽ʲô
ͬռֵѿڣǳ˼δ֪źǳʱʱа׹֡
޳þȫҪӳѨľҲ졣
޳ӰʧڷѨ֮УѨӱһĪǿ˲ߣҲ֪ķѻǱߵʲô˵طⳡսǽˣ޳˶ա


1954 һ
޴磡
һ󺰣ǰһڣ˹ȥ
ϧˡ
Ҳ֪˭˵ôһϧȫĬŷ֣ʵڴ޳ӮʤܾûĿ˵ˣһδţˡ
ҶҼҲʵǵķѨȻǿ󣬿Ҫ㿪ʵ̫ˣʵûдﵽ򾳵˶޳Ȼɵվﱻ˽ȥɵԼ˵á
̾˿ˡ
һãȻҪֽԼǰʱȴָеһį
Ľ𣿿ϧˣȥʶǸ޳ļһأ
·ЦգǸѨûʧѾһ޴ĿӶڴ޳ܹڴǸѨ
ϣû°ɣ
û£ǸˣǸмָԼϽصΪ
ϸܵǸǿߵʧˣ޳ʧһϵ㲻ǿ߻Լ鷳ȻҪϽ
ֻһͷζѣűг˳ޣԴֻһͷǱ⼸ɱ޳ԼҪǵõӦеĴۡ
ȡ޳СͷĺУ˲䣬һǿǺӶ۳һУڴоǿһͨǺӣǹ££пȥֻҪǷѨˣ޴ܳɣ
е뷨̫棬ѨǸţƻһţȫ޲
ʲô
찡Ǿ𣿡
˵վڳǽϵЩˣ׳ǵ˶ܹüص
ͻȻǹͻȻʧǾ޴ѹҲ֮ʧ˿ͻȻ䣬һѹͬͨԺХԼǹȽϣʵ̫Сˡ
һ׹⣬ɭƻ
ϳ־޴ѷ죬ѷɺɫҽཹð̣ͷ·ǵһ㡣
׹ĿǿеķѨѨǿʾǰ׹ȻûнѨݻ٣ıգѨķΧҲ󣬷·𽫰׹תԼһ㣬Ѩϵ±ɫΪҪǼôԼ׳ҲҪа
ҶôΣѨҲټһΣÿһζɶֻ֪ѨΣգ֪ȻΣգ
ѹҶҫѨҶµǿʽǼʶˡ
ŷѨǿҲоɵ˿ʼɣԼ˻᲻ᱻѨߣ
¸ƵѨѨҲûģѾ뿪Ĵˡ
ͻȻѨΧһƣջǳܲס׹ѡ
ˣһΣգ໥õĽ֡
ȴΪ໥ץס·Цĸ첲ӶʱɵСͷ˶ɵУԶԶعۿ
һЩɵģǾû취ˡ
ǰ׹ȷѨƻȴû໥ʣʮ֮һųǽֻһѣڵϻԨأֻŪ˸·ͬīˮëʣת˲֮䣬â˱֮ϣ׹Ȼը޴ӣײģһͬ򱻴һ죬վڳǽϵᣬΪǸԼһâڶ
䡭
ĳǽһ׹ڿнʧ
ûһˣ޴ҵĹ֮£Ѿһ˵ˣ漣ֻܹ漣
Ȼ漣ûг֡
䵽ǽ֮ϣȻмһɶԳǽȹȴ޴󰭡
ҶҲӵңԼϵĻϽǹǻ˲û붼롣
ϣòǷĹɣ
ǹǶŷѨҲû뵽ѨȻôǿ󣬾ǲһ͵סһ
ǿôܻСආأϰοˣͬʱҲǰοԼû뵽˾ȻΪ޳޳ԼɵģҪ뱨𣬿϶ҪԼ֡
뵽ǿߵϾɫаԺڣԼǿߣǴڿʼûһԼˡ
·ЦһЦ˺µӾ͸е
ǸҲǣȻʹ޳ﻹ³һŵ䣬һķһ磬ⳡϷְ
·Ц޵ļȻǿ佱ޣʵڳ֣£ĿɾͲ޳һˣһ޳һ
ǿǣһ˿Ц⣬в˵ԺҪôСҷ˰
·Цûа㺦£ⳡĿĴϷˣǲģʱٳת۾ͺˡ
գεİš
ͻȻжһڵ㡣
磬쿴Ѩûʧ
޲ͷ˵ôܣû֧£Ѩô³֡
޿ûпֱӷ˳·ЦĶ
У쿴
޿գзѨ
˳·Цͷ˵ڿɲǿЦʱ򡣡ȷϢûˣȴѾ뿪ˡҶҼ˽޳ɱȻҪ𣬲ܾѡ
ֻ뵽ˣҲ뵽ˣҶ˾ǰϵ⣬Ѿֻ׸ķˡ
˭ɱˣ˭Ͱæ
ǿԶֻǲ˶֣ԼݣԲһֱ֣˽ҶɱĻǰһæ
Ҷûеıȴ׳ǵɱ⡣
·ЦٴοգղԼиСѨģôʧˣ
üͷһӡ
ѵԼˣ
ͻȻٴγһڵ㣬һγ·ЦУûиޣҪȷѨȶ󡭡ôʧˣ
·ЦһЦѨֻҶʹó似ôںһһ֣һʧ
ѨֳΣأҲ˹ɣǾǷѨÿһγ֣Χǿ
ô󣬽ѾȭͷС֮󣬱ͷСؼ
СķѨ˷˴ķѨѾֻǱ·Цˣˡ
쿴Ѩ
ѾرΪʲôֳˣѲڲٿأѨϵı󣬶ұٶԽԽ죬ܿʹﵽһ˴С˸ܵ𾪵ǣֻǸַѨշ·СѨ֣ʧʧ
Щ̲ס룬ѲѨӱתɱ࣬Ӷɣ
ԷѨڵĴСϲһ𣬽Ҳǲܵģ


1955 Ѩ߳
Χ˰׳ǰ֮ǰǿǿرգѨ˾޴ô죿
ιҶϹ⵽ô°
п˵Լ֪ô£ô
ѨԽԽ࣬ĺɫСڵĻ棬˾޴Σգû֪ô£Ҳûа취ܹ
·Ц޾ȵı飬ЦһΣ˰ɣ
ް˳·ЦһۣȻЦóɷѨǰ˵ǳ·ЦԼ֪ܲܶһ١
ܶʱѡ˳ˣҲһЩҪͣͻȻֵѨʲôܡ
ͻȻеķѨʧˡ
˵Ķʱ˿гһѿڣѿ˲󣬱״С޴ҶҼγɵķѨ¡
˵һ룬Ѩ
Ǹո꣬ڷѨͻȻһֻ֡
û
һֻ֣
ڷѨڲȻˡ
ò޳ɣ
֪˭ôһ䣬˽עȫֻϣȷӷѨֻ֮޳һ˽ȥȻóѨǽռ飬Ҳû˵ܹĿռлųǻһǸֵˣ޳
أһֻҲˣϻһսꪡ
޳һӲǶŷѨӷѨ˳
һţ
޳һпΧȥʲôʱһԨǽ϶һ˺ܶ࣬ڹս״̬Լôʱ䣬ȻǸռڣûʱĸ
ȻѾɿ޳ӷѨг˻Ǹе𾪡
޳
޳
һɽХĽ޳һЩ˲ǶԼΪʲôͻȻֱôˡ
Ҳû뵽ȻֽѨǿܹĹ޳ȴĳˣΪʲôΪʲô
֪Ѩڲȫ㲻޳ʲôֻѨڲǺεȵΣա
ι
޳ǵûˣʵӣֻһܹﵽнˡʱ״̬ôãҶȴʣ಻ˡ
ǰǸͷҿǲ޳ĿߵĶˣڽѨ֮ǰ˭ŹıˣϾôʱ䣬Щ޶Ѿ࣬ҶΰүүǾԲܷŹҪҶΰɱԼ
Ͽ߽뿪ĶˣɵñɫһѪ˳۾ɴ˵Ƕˣ
Ϸ˿εӰֻϣҲǸеʹ죬ҶԼ£ԳҶҵĳϽ˭ȴһСɱŪ˰
޳ۿսꪸ߸߾ۿһɽҪϣȴѿЦݣĿ޳˵޳Сһûɱ㣬һο㻹ôȥ֣
ֻϣҲ޳ȥ
ô£
ǰǶ˲ǱҶϹ
ڵӣǱѣҶϹһ˵ж˵ѡҲǾ塣
·Ц͵һ֣˵ҾȻˣҶжûκҲûκεܹ޳Ǳһ
ü˵ǳȥҲûʲôôΪʲôﻹû˵꣬Ϊ˵һĻǰˡ
ǿ߾ǶѡԱ޳ǰԱʱʹ÷Ѩʤȫʢ֮ʱȫһʮʮγɵķѨҲֻǱ֮ǰŪôһѣɼչѨΧҪô
˶γɷѨ£ң潫޳Ϊ˽ʹã޳ҪҲû취
ǻн޳ɱǻŴӷѨ·Ц⡣
ǲҪ޳Ѩ֮У޳汻˺Ƭ޾˵û뵽Ҷϻְ취һ޳Σʱûг֣һξԲܴ޳Ļᡣ
飬
·ЦҪ֣æֹ˵ڶ֮ǰúÿ޳ڵҪİ𣿡
̧ͷűѨ޳Ȼ޾ȵſͣ˵ôܣѨȻɱ
ֹˣ޳սóѨȥ಻£Ѩʧˡ
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ܶ˶𾪵˵Ҫ֪֮ǰʹõķѨ赲ǿߵǿһ޳ֻ£㽫ѨƵѲѾﵽľˣϸ޳Ȼ׷ҡͷ˵ˣڶûдﵽ
ʱǶ޳ֻ֡
޳ʤˣȴûһиתͷųǽϵһȺˡ
ֲĸо֮Ҷΰ޳ȫΪԼųԼǿ߸ܣʮϼ˻˵޳ѾҶΰ鷳ˣһֻԼԼˡ
Լ˳
޳֪ȺһԼˣŪ˵ȥҪܣȴû뵽ܾȻʧˣֱӳųǽȥ
´ʱ˽޳ԣֻ˽޳֪޳ǸһǳصķƻһٸҲҶ޳֡
޳Ľ⣬˷ɵУЦ˵޳ֶҪŭȫлú˵
޳ܡ
Ȼ޳򡭡
µƤȫȥ׳ǵķˣ
޳һ˵ú˵ҲУԼҰҶΰҲûʲôȻѡ֣ǾͿǺ
ȷֵˣѾһʣÿ˷ϵһֶֻ֣㿴Σ
µһ仰֪˺ܶ飬һǣ֮ǰɳĸǿߣǵûн޳ɱ޳ɱ˿޳ʵ
ϾԼҵ󷨿ǳǿһɲҶҵķѨ
޳Ҳû뵽¾Ȼô˳Լ̴Ӧˣ˺ܿʹȺгаǸʮϡ
ʮϿ޳Ŀ־壬ͬһһҧһݣǵ˵棬Լַϵ˿ʮ϶ôˣﻹҼԥֱ۴ӿ£޳ŭҲ
޴磡
޳ͷվɭֺսΧ紦ϣһ¶ûУ޳ԼɱȻ󽫺սջȥǰȥϡ
⡭˰ɣ
ûеõ޳Ļش𣬾е㲻֪룬޳ߵһΪߣɻʵʮ˵ҶΰǲǸ꣬ȻŽ޳ŭģ
ǵġ
˼¶һĨЦݡ
޳ȱҲ¶̫ˡ


1956 
һֱΪ޳Ѿˣȴû뵽޳ôԼǰϲȣʧǳȻ޳ȥ
ʱ޳ԴҲһƬհףԼ֪ϵݵĻʲôⶼûУѾ֪ǸŮӣһŮ˱סָо鲻ԽЩԡ
㡣
˵ʲô
㣬Ϻ㡣
ģݣҲڵסϵµţһɵ㡣屧ȴôУ˵ĸоûйͷȫˮġ
Ҳܿ췴ӦԼһˣɫ˲úͮͮһһϣͬһ㡣
ҡֻǡźܸ˶ѣ˰
޳һ£ŷӦ˵Ҳֻǿ㻹ţܸ˶ѣԿһ¶ѣҲˡ
㡭Ȼˣ
Ϻߵһתͷ뿪
Ȼɫ϶ǺǡؿڣôңΧôİֻԼˣ˷
ôˣ
ҪԼϾǸŮӣȻԼô񣬿ԼΪʲôˡ
ǽȥ
޳ʵνϾĿı˽Ŀ磬ȥκεطν
ߵġ
˿ûںǽϵˣԹԵ뿪
ǽϵ˾˵ѵôˣ
򡭡ǿߵķ𣿡
˷еİأʵ޳ֻѡһ򣬺еǿȫûϵ
һ˿ԽԼı䣬ԽԼòı䣬ҲԽԼϢı䣬ȴҲı䲻˴¶ꡣȻ˶ܹ˵꣬ǳ·Цԡ
ǳ·Цıãĸױǳ·ЦĹùãѪŨˮһԭһ𳤴󣬴Сһ棬ϤĲϤһԭ
磬Ǹǲǡ
޾ȵؿų·ЦҲû뵽·Ц۾ôĶ˵ͷ˵߰ɣѾͷѾˣôģʱȥˡ
Ծ𣬳޳ȥ·Ц󣬿۾֮ȴԥ·ԼȷǴ
޳Ҫ뿪ͻȻλǿ׷һλԼΣոУǱĸ˵ĸоҪǿң޳һа̾ѲɻҪԼ֣˭ϼЩ
ɴЩϣ޳ûиеɱֻЩ䱸̺Щ˽ս
תͷݺ޺ͳ·ЦˣɻʵλǸʲô𣿡
΢΢һЦ˵ˣǲ㣬ġ
޳Ϊϵ裬ʶĳȥͣ½Ųȥ
磡
·ЦͽݣϾԼѾϳˣҲûʲô˼һ۱ϳ·Цڳ·ЦߵˣȻûϳɲҲµ
硣
ϾȵĿޣû뵽Լִ磬ȻܹҵԼĿתƵ·Цϣгŭ
·ЦЦһ˵治ҵ£Լҵġ
˵ĶԻףԭ߳·Ц֪ˣԼʱһãȻӣ֪ʵҳô֪ݼߣֻԼԼҲƭˡ
·Цо޵ɱæٺһЦ˵Ҳ˵ˣֻǸʵ뷨Ҳһġ˵֮ȥ
޳Ӧú⣬޳ˣڻΪϵ
·Цץסļ򣬶˵ãҿΪƭȫµˣһҪңҪ˺ҡ
ٺһЦ˵磬ͷŹɣ㿴ųʲôˡģҵҲ֪
·Ц˵ͷ˵Ĳ֪
˵ҿԲƽϣҪȥ
ޣ˵磬Һò׳졭
УΪ뿪Ū´ңȻڻԡ
ҳߣ´ң
޳ǰˣо˵Լ֪ϦദϣҲǳܡ
޳һۣʾ޳Լ飬޳ȴһ㲻ΪΪУƺһֱƭԼԼȫ˽ϣô顣
·Ц޳ı飬̾˿޿޳Ҳû˵ʲôȻеȣȴ⡣
ܺ޳һ𣬲ֻݲͬ޳ͺԼҵ໥ײ͵ƾһ㣬޳Ͳܼһȥ
޳Լ뿪Ҫץסϧץס֣һ˦һ˫Թ޵
ʧȥ
ڣΡ
һ̣ط·˲ǿռڣֹĺ;޴սһԼķԣʱ޿̲ڻӶսꪣֱۺϵѪһδһδϻҪʹࡣ
ȻֻԼ֮Ѿһǵ
ҵĺãպҪ޴磬϶ȥġ
û뵽ô˳޳һۣ޳˵޳ղıȫˣȻʱŲ֮ǻġ
Ҫ޴𣿡
ŬάԼ˵󣬿ȴʵ䷴û飬ǽͷһŤ΢΢ɳƵ˵߰ɡ
޳һֱΪоʹо࣬оۣ·еУˣڴʱŷϵĿľżûʲôֻһӵǿʵľżΨһһ⻹ǱԼĥˡ
ֻ޳ˣ·ЦҲǣһֱϴ΢Цĳ·Ц¶΢Ц۽ǶһĨǳˡ
޳𣿡
޺뿪·Ц׼ȥ·޳ߣͻȻͣ£ϾΣյϢ
޳ܵĽԼͷųɳ·Цûг֣˵ұӦýúʰһ٣óҲ޲ұúһӣоҸʱǺһʱ⣬ȴɣʹĴˡҲ㣬㣬˺㣬ֻϣԺҪڱǰ򡭡ͱˡ
޳ų·ЦԼǰ뿪ȵķԼ˵ܶôж֪ΪΣǴϴģڿԼ˵ı£ǲ
֮ѾӰ޳ܹȥ׷ϣĿôԼȥңҪǣҵϣҲ֪ԼӦô
֮ǰ緢ȴǣ޳˫ĿĳŷǷȥ


1957 ҶΣ
ʱ䣬޳ֻص˷ǣ뿪޳ʧȥ̽Ŀ˼ҪԽԽãϽصǧ磬Ͻȥ
ˣǳ·ЦЩĴģʼԼʲʺߡ
Ϊһʼ޾ͽ϶Ϊ޳ûзԶϵʵݲ֪
ڻصǵʱĲҶ䣬ҶŮѡᡣ
ῴʧǵ޳г˾ȣҪ֪޳Ŀ紫ķз˵޳ǿߵĵز޳ȫڣҲڵĵز
޴硣
С㡣
ЦôСС
޳һ˵ǻǽСɣҶأôһ
̾˿˵ҶҴ󲿷˶ȥǳɭȥˣǹռңΪ̫ΣգҶ䵣Ǳ߻ʲôΣա
˵ĸĽ磬ȻǴ͵͵ȥ޳Ҳûʲô飬˵ҶҺ͹ռҶˣжȻʲôܡ޳룬Թ˵ҸҲȥұ㣬û޸˺㡣
ᾪ˵޴磬ҪܹҶ䣬ܼҵˣɾܹƽ
޳ͷҶңҶƺЩŹ֣ȴҲ˵ʲôط˸˼Ϊڱ㴦ڱ˵ı֮С
޳͹ո뿪ãҶ޴Ҷ߳ϴЦݣ˵Ȼˣ޳ĴȥһţõĻһͿԶӮˡ
˵ⷲαҪΪ޼ʥصأ
޳͹ᳯǳɭָȥȥ;еɻʵҶҵ˶ȥǳɭ֣ô˭ں濴Ҷأ
֪޳ʲô˵ȻҶ޺ܲţҶȴҶ޲˺Ҷң԰ĽҶҽҶ
޳аҶôˣʲôʱʼҶôģҶ޵طǳã޳ȴԿ϶׳ǵʱ򣬷ܵҶ޵Ϣ׳ǣλҪҶӶҶ䣬һķĿ硣
аǣֻҶܹڷʵʵԼԲ
ǳɭֲǻҵԳΪʲôôǿޣ
޳˵޾Ȼ۷ɵøеȣɻʵ
ǳɭȷǻԳǽռǳɭ֮һ˵ǳɭֵķΧҪǿʤҲֻΧѣûнڲ㲻ǴӱǳɭֵӦñҸϤ
˵ǳɭУżɵ޳Ĳ׽һ㣬ϧȴ֪ڽʲôѵǳɭ֮У֮⻹޳ı飬ܹҲֻ޼ʥˡ
޳û뵽ԭ޼ʥǳɭҲѹû˸ҽȥأ
޳ٴԼ֮ǰ˵ĻԼԱ棬һ˿˵Լ޼ʥ
ԭһᡣ޳Цһ
ʲô᣿
ɻʵ
ûֻǸո뵽һܺ飬ûʲô¡޳ûнԼ˵ʱʹһ۷ױԼݡ
Էǳٶȷ˽ӽһ죬ĿǳɭֵΧɼǳɭǶôľ޴޳а̾޼ʥصҪô죬ѲҲɼ£
ȻУһ޼ʥĴ󷢣ĻôԶľܹܿﵽ
Ƿ˲ٵʱ䣬޳ڸ֪ϢɫѾˣ޳Ǹ֪ȴҲ޷жǵѣԷҲһ޳ǵͬʱҲ޳
Ҷǰ
޳
޳ӿ£ŹᳯϢԴȥ
ֻ˵ϢǿߣһȻҶ䣬ҶʱƲᣬֹۡ
ῴҶӣʱᣬ˵ô
ˣҶҵĶֿԷʮǿߣֻˣǸӣ֮ǰÿ汳ģǽѳҶ̾һг˰ûڣƺ˴ľŻᵼֽ
޳û˵ʲôϾⶼҶҵļ£ģǱЩˡҶǿֱӣǰ޳Цһ˵㻹ˣ
޳˵ͷ˵ȻˣǾһܶԷʮʮˣͳͳ㵲¡
Ҷʱ޳ûЩ׳٣Ҷ䲻֪޳ڵг˵ǣ˵һҿɲ㣬㻹ǡ
Ҷ磬㻹Ǳ˵ˣߺ޴Ǵһ½׳١һ˵ģɻĿ֮£޳׳Ƿ˵
˵Ҷ䣬ǼʶҶҲǱŵĿɿڴ߲˼޳һץס޳֣ϵȥɫһ죬˵Ҷ壬ڸʲô
޳ǲһ࣬ȻӷѨл߳ˣ
޳Цһ˲ΪԼӷѨ֮еӣҲͬجһ㣬˲˼顣
׹Ѩ֮УӦñǹ˺ȴΪսϵĺסͣڷѨһƬͺվǳ֮䣬һ֮ĵطٶȲ֪ж죬˵࣬ջҲ˲ʧ·ûдڹһ㡣
޳˺սꪵı֮⣬ΪõѨıشǱ˶ѣӦý֮Ϊ磬Ϊͷǳƣȴдвͬⶫ·ʱͿռĽ壬ֻһɲĻ羰ɫȫûʱͿռĸоԼм꣬ҲֻżӶѡ
һƬ֮У޳ӿʼľҪѰҳڣΪʱͿռڣйûЧͽЩ۵ĶͣڿгΪʵ壬ΨһЧıǷԪأܹ򿪷ѨķԪأ
Ӹտʼ˳ĪķиԪȻҲʧȴܹǶٶȣ˼ΣܹһѨֻͫ״Сȴܹ硪һ˲䡣
ͳ޳ϣڴεϰѨһĴ򿪣ֹʱ俪ʼҲһӣ޳˵һʱ䣬ûб仯ڣϾƬռûκ֪ԷԵĲȴӣǾԷԪҶңҲԼ֡
ǸˣҲȷӷѨгⱲӿɲٽȥˡ


1958 ѨСѨ
Ҷ޳۾ɵͬţۣճյ˵Ҵû˵˽ѨвֻҶҵʷûУĿ綼ûмأǷѨһɹɱǿ似
Ҳ˾ȣϾ޳߸ȡ
޳Ҳ֪˵ʲôǿ͸Ҷһ̸οѨȴ˴ġ
ҹǰģûǰ߶ţǹһİ
ڶ죬һɭ֮УҶɭֵľס
˿ߡš
˿ߣȻҲǽҶˣҶȻĻȴɶ޳ЩɣʶҲ޳У޳ȫǶ¶ѡ
޳վҶߣԹ˵Ƚǵʶϣʱ䣬ǸϽ뿪

޳ɵУǰİ˸ˣԼҶ֣⼸л߷ǻɱһǳѵ顣
ʶ
ʶⶫϢţֻܸܵһһԿԣһ˽˸˵ʶϣôܡ
֮޳սóһĨЦսꪳؼôһУ棬ߣұߣɾûйԷЩ˵ġ
ʲôʱһ궯Ԯѵ㲻Ƕǵ𣿱Щϵȥڿҵһ⣬ɲܾôǡ
Ǽ˲䷢޳޳ȴ˿Ҷ״æȥס޳׼޳ͬڿһ㣬ƾôҲӵ˿
Ҫ֪Ǹռ䣬屻ƻһһΣûǿ壬ֵסǹ޳ǸռԽ޳Լ˺ҲԽǿȻܹ֤Ѿȫ˺հֿµ˺ܹܣôڶԷļɽ
޳֣ϰŽ⣬һȭһô޳顣
ôܣ
ȻǶԷȫһɲСҶмּɵ޳ȴֱ˫ֽ⣬ұһ˺ûС
ɶ񡭡
û˺޳ҲǸ߹ԼѪ죬˵˼ӣͷҲ˼
޳ڲףԼڿռͷŵѾյĺܴ󲿷֣ԼֱӿȥŻЩ˵ȻԼֱ忹ĻǾԼ
Ҷʹֱü޳һȻ֪ԼסǾͲҪ忹ˣһȴֻ˺С˿ڣʵûдﵽ񾳣Ҳ۷ˡڿ޳ڵݣʵ츳ʵ̫ҫۣԼվһ𶼻ᱻâˡ
޳ҶСһ㣬ҵĴſʼʹأ
Ҷ˵ͷ޳˵ǴеʽǵǶôǿ
ýʵҵҪܲܽסҵһСһǰһ˵ʱϵɴͻȻ£¶ǲϵݡ޳оЩϤƺҶ֮󣬶ʱɫϵ˲䱬޳һζ޳ȵĿҶʵҶǰʶ
Ҷɱڣҧгݵ˵ֹʶ֮ǰҶҵĳϣΪŹ汻ϸѾ˵Ϊʲôֵط
Ҷ㵽ڻû𣿡
ˡҶϵɱһʱȥӣʹ˵ԭǸʱͿʼҶҼˣǺĻ
һ˵һҶңүںҪĲһҶңĿ硣
ƾ㣡Ҷ޳ǰ޳˵Ҷڲ˽˶ԹҺֶÿһ¡
˭ܲˣһ䣬޳ǰһ״СѨ֣ۿҪ޳ҶȥʱҶ˵÷ѨԷѨ
ҶҼȻӵʽȻҲƽ֮ǾֻзѨԷѨܹƽ⣬һ仰˵ǾֻҶ˲ܹƽ⡣
޳΢΢һЦ˵ģѾ˷Ѩˡ
Ӽ׿⣬֮ǰõĽĵƯڿУһ£ĸ֮໥֮·Īĸм䲻ϵ©磬˶оˣû⣬ڣ޳һϵķԪѸͷųһ׵ķѨͣǳͳڣͱСѨǿĶ࣬Ѩ˲߽⣬ΪѨԷ
ܣ
˷ٳԶȥǶǧ֮ڣһжѨɣƴӳѨԵվǧ֮⣬ǰɵľ޴ɫǽһѿ
ҶҲȫˣǿҲֻʮ׵ķѨѣǰ޴ѨҪܷ
ĹǶԵģ޳ڷ޴ѨʱһƣڵϡǿڿзųŹȥ˵ʱǿԶһ㣬ǵսǡ
޳ҶɬһЦ˵ɣܹʶ
Ҷ֪޳ڿЦЦȴôҲЦ޳ĺһжΪҶ͹ᡣΪ˻ķô޳ڵı֣ʮҶ͹ᶼ޳ֹҪ
Ѩ
ҴӷѨ֮ģȵܹصҶҵĻһὫǡ
Ҷ޳ȻҪǿʽԼһ˵ԼҲܹʹַѨ
Ѩı׶˺ԣǿһḶ́ʱȻʱ̣ܶɶһǿߣɾܹ㿪ѨҲһǶԷһҶˣڷѨĸ֪еĻһǾҪһ˵ѨҲԵʹãκιܹѨ֮УʹõõĻֱǾԷ
ȻһǳϧǱѨ̫󡭡ţҶ۾޳޳ֻڣӵеԪز࣬Լڷ
⡭
Ҷг˿ȴǲ˼
޳֪Ҷ˼Ц˵ѨʹҲҶ˽ҵģǽѨĻҵĽ졣˵ˣҶǵûзɣǸӲ˼ˡ
ô
Ѩȷǿ󣬿ɹԲǿҲ󣬶ԷҲ˷ȻʹõڶΣ޳˾޴Զİ˸ˣԼֻˣҪߣǿԣֻǻᷢҶ˵λã˸˶Կȫûһʤ㡣
õģģȡһӵʱ䣬Ҿָܻ
޳г˵


1959 ˵Ļָ
һӵʱ䣿
ҶȻ޳ϼֵ飬˵ֻҪһӵʱԽʵָȫ޷ţϾȻ٣ڵޣԼܹʱڻָ޳Ϊһڵˣôõ
޳Ŀõҷǳס
޳־ڿУ͵һһСķѨ֣ΧʼѨ֮СտʼʱҶҲΪǷѨʵϣȴһֺͷѨƵУʧȫ޳֮С
⡭ôõ
޳ôˣһɾˡ
ҶоѨԸʶȥ֪̽СѨӴʱɫǽһѿ
ٿ޳ǿһ
ŲʮӶѣǸ޴ķѨѾʧǼ˲ûΪ޳е»Ѿ¶ҪЩնɱ
ǸҶҵҲǳֻҶһҶǿ߳棬ЦһȻǸҪ˾޴ķѨһǾˣѾûսˣֻƾˣ治֪ʲôȻôҡ
Ҷ̾˿˵ҵеϧû뵽Ѿ˴ϵ߹죬ĹһҪȡߡ
ҶϢʢΧķԪط·Ϊãһӣһ׹ҫ۵ķг˷ȥǱʹ似׵ֵ޷
Ͼ̶ֳȵǿߣŰ֮࣬ҶһһԣôˣûоԵôӦˡ
콣ȫֿǿеĹ£ȻѾǼˡ
Ҷ·а̾޳ĻҲһǿߵֱ뿪ɽڲûգ
޳ǱͻȻߴһҶ̧ͷҶȥʱҶȫȫԵ˵ĹôܹԼԻأ
޳ͻȻ𵱳ҶҼʱûκνȴƽԼݺͬʱʹ÷ѨԼ
޳ʵǿ󣬿ɲЩ˵Ķ֣ȫڣԶǿöࡣҶҵĶӣҲΨһĶӣܹҶ佫ҶҶҿŵҶҳ˻֮⣬ڶҪ
ҶĻһŵȻԼҪԽڻң޳Ҳû뵽ҶΪҶȻ˵ֻͬʱȻҶеҪԡ
޳ҡͷ˵Ҫ۷ʵһ治ҺӲӲһһҶһȡʤЩֻڣ֣һǡ޳ȻӴѨʵٵĻָţò˶೤ʱ䣬ӵǿ
޳а̾ҶǰֻҪֹʱͿˡ
Ȼֻһӵʱ䣬ɶ̶ֳȵǿ˵ԽϰٴΡҶǾܵʱ䣬Բ˫ûܵ˺ҶľٶǸҶǿߵĻɣҪ֪Ҷ԰ĹΪ񣬾ȻݵȥжȻʲôıе󣬿תۼͻȻڿгְ͸ķѨжʱ¶ɫ
ԭˣҶȻʱ䡣
ȥǱߣСʱ򣬸һδҲ̫޳ˡһﲢںֻҪԼܹʤֻҪҶҶܹصҶңҶҵĳϡ
ʱ޳ȥ
ҶҪȥֵȴԼȫѲѾ⼸˲סˡ̾һ⣡
Ҫ޳˵ȴһ˴ϣҶ˳ԴȥǸҶҵĳϣҶҶŵ似κҶҵ˶ᣬҲ⡣֪Ѩһ㣬Ҳ֪ǱǲܵκεĴš
Ҷ㲻ǰʹҶҵСһôû𣿡
Ҷ۾һɱ˵˺Ǹ꣬͵ҵŭɣҾƴҲҪǸ걨𡣡
Ҷ˷ٶǸ˾һ֣ΪҶҶţû뵽Լַһ
ǡΪʲô
ʱ򣬴·ͻȻһҽУֻȥѾӰϢûˡ
һ·ȥа̾ʲôˣ
ȷ֪ʲô飬Ϊ˵ֻһ˲ѡ޳źսꪣУҶ˲ûܵ˺ɵ˿ŶҶҵˣ˵󣬾ǲӦ˷ֿӶһȥɱǡ
ɫøѿ˵㡭㵽ʲôˣ
޳˵ʲôˣҪɱˣҲǼɱˡ
ֻʣˣˣѹȻ˺ܶ࣬Ҷڵ޳ие𺳣һӶѾͻָˣ޳ǿûĶˡ
ͻȻҡҡͷһЩ޳̬һȺˣǵҪԼö࣬һֱԳΪ̤񾳵ˣҪǱ޳ܣǵı鲻֪ʲôӣţоСڴ
Ǹ̾˿˵ʲôˣȻǰǾʹ졣
ǿߵϢһͷţһƬǳɭֵ޶ͬܵһ㣬һҽУȻ󵽴׷Զսġ
˽־ͬ˸ǣִâһһģ֮⣬ļµĿ¡
̧ͷг𺳣Ȼʮ֮УһҲûüôǿ߽֣޳ʱ򣬸沿鶼ӲˣĿתĿǳյս

Ҷӻ˯ѹһǹᣬ֮ǰͷһ뵶ʱʧ·ֻʣԼ͹ˡ
˵磬޴ˣʱںһսأ
ҶϢʱǿ֧ԼӣſеսԽԽ𺳣ԽԽȣȻû޳Ĵԣ񿴵޳ǿʵȵϹǧ
޴°ɣ
Ц㲻֪޴ʵôǿ֮ǰһѨ֮󣬺أļֱ֥С
Ҷɫһ죬漴һЦ
Ȼ֪˵ʵȴоÿ˵ʵǳǿᣬ޳һԼĸһԶĳһһ˫ʵǲ¡
޴ʵȻôһڵΪ𣿡ҶԣȼӦôһУ޳ȴڵʵ˵Ĺ
ЦЦԣ޳ʵôǿ󣬱;еҲʱеɣ·ʤѾ˶֡


1960 հ
ʤȷѾΪ˶ӣЩȫ޳û취ʱƣ˫ʵĸߵͽ¶
뿪
Ҫ뿪ȴҶס˵֮ǰ˵һҵϡ
ʱ޳ѾʹóʽǾ޴ɲЩֵܹģսܿˡ
޳ʣǸҶȻʱҶĺܴ󣬿֮ĳޣݲԼ֡
޳ܵҶϢæȥҶ˵ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ޳ս֮󣬾ǲ֪κ޳ԣû뵽޳ǿʵ˵ԺΪһ𾪴½ǿߣҲǣ
Ҷ޳ߣƺһˡ
أҶ
Ҷ磬ûкһ𣿡
Ҷһ˵ϣ޳̾˿Ҫ˵еڵ飬Ǳ뿪Լߡ
Ҷڵı飬֪һЩ飬Ͽջһˣ޳֪ʱ
һᣬϿյսڽҶʤգȻҶʵⳡսôܻʧܣҶ˹Ҳ˿۾мĿ޳˵ֶĻҶ治֪Ҫôźá
޳ҡҡͷ˵µսûнҶһ˲ǵˣ˲
ҶҶҲʾͬҶ˵ǸϽȥ֧ԮռңռҺܼһҵܼһԹռҲһǿû˴죬һ˱˵ļƾ군ˡ
ȷҶֹļƵĵ˲µġ
޳˼ǳɭֵڲȥ޳ҲʱѯҶϵ顣
Ҷֵܣǲʶϣ
ҶЦһ˵ȫ²ʶˣҲֻһû뵽֮ȻûзӦϳ⣬˭ɫݣ
ҶĻʱͣȻȫеŮҲȫŮ˵Ķ֣Ľʺ޵Ķ
޳ϵźܶ²⣬֪пʮһ壬Ҳпܺ޼ʥĳֹϵȴûк͵ĹĿˡϵ
޳ŷӦ˵ԭôƯһһֱΪڿأ
Լ߶߶һֱ˵ôôƯڿ˵˰죬ҳôɣԭһֱԼԼ
޳̿Цһ£ȷϵķ
=
ȴСؤֱӱĿĹ޳տʼΪԼܹǳս֮Լŷ֣ԼǰϰҪվǰԼԼʵ
ҶҲ޳ĹϵҶĻ֮ɫһ䣬˵ƺѾˡ
޳·֪һЩԼ֪飬Ըæ׷ʵôˣ
ǰӻʹʱƺ˵Сͺ޼ʥиԼ֮ԼЧˡ
Ҳ˵Ҫˣһ޼ʥصˣ
֮ǰܼɻ޼ʥ⼸֣޳ǰЩѾʲôˣֱ˵˵
ҶԼɶ²Ůѣ̾˵֮ǰȿһΧպòá
޳Цһ˵û¡
޳һϰ䣬һŭ޼ʥأһԣЩʱ⻹ĿĻ뿪ʱеĻɫκ
һŻԼŪģ޳ҧҧ˵޼ʥػǻʹֻҪûͬ⣬˭޷ı־
Ҷܵ޳ϲȶϢ̾һû뵽޳ڻǵһʵǿһزʱȻһѡһΪѣõҵıӻĺôһߵ·ǱΪУûмκһΪлˣϾڻ֮УǿĿɲ۷壬ǿߣ
ҪȰ޳ȴ޳Ȼ񣬵ǲûɥʧǣǸѣûпڱ㱻޳ֹˡ
޳ɬһЦ˵ҶǰģҲ³çģһȷİ취
⻹Ҫ޳
˲֪ʵ޳úܣʵӦѾﵽĵزӱ˵İţԼʲôҲûܹ
ֻǡ
Ҷ·ЦԼ˵ĻԼԺ󶼲ܳǰԼĲǰǲĶԲ
һҪùİ취޳Ҷ䣬ȻҶϵôһа취
ͻȻһ£ǹĻôĸ񲻾֮һ
޳ʵҶ䣬Ҫ֪ԼǸϼޡȻͷβûк˵һ仰޳ϲûаУ޳ܹܵ˵⣬ƺҲΪԼá
ҶҡҡͷʾԼδˡ
޳ӣһյĳСӣһʵûУǿúܣȻʹôǸҲʹ
һ·ĬĬ޳ڰ˼ԼӦô죬߸һȺĿǿߣҲĿˣĴĿ㣬ƺΣʵҪ顣
˲ϵǰУͻȻܵΧĿóǰ治Զƺۼǿߣֳ֡
ף
ܿ㿴˵ĹռҼհһм޳ҲҶҵˣŲٵƣһȺ˱޳˵ܼˣǵʵǿ߻м۷壬㳲ҲѹҶҺ͹ռֶûжԸ
հԼŮʱûðɣߵĿԵı˺ɫŭ˫ۿ˵Ҷ䣬˵Ҷ䣬˵ڼôҲˣҪܵ˺ôʰ㡣
˵꣬һ˴޳ҲɫΪףԼȫհĶ֣
ӣﻹֲѵҶӣ
ҶƺηհĻ棬ֱӳŹհȥʵŵĹհ϶ʱ˺ܶ࣬Ҷϵ˿ڣֻǿ˶ѣŲƽϣȻǾͺúùܽһĶӣŮˣϰֵĻˡ
ҶһڹհԼ̨ף˿顣
޳ʵҪҶ֮ϣհʵԼ֮ϣҶȴܹȵѹסհɵ˾ֳԾֺЦ
ҶС޳˵忴𱬣ʵ˺κԼˣƺʲôѱҸϣÿμҸףӡ
޳һЦͬʱܹùհǿ߸еµİѱ׻ʲô


1961 
հܿ콫ĿתƵ޳ϣϢ̽ⶼûУֱӶҶ˵ҶοǴһ˲õﰡ
޳ҲоԼǱڵĻԪرһ۸·ȲҪгһ롣
ʲô
Թհ޳оһݾη
Ҷ֪հֻһ۱㿴޳ʵݱ治֪ʵΪʲôô˵޳ֶҶң޷Ǹѳ
հȻ֪ҶʱھʲôҶȺףǵûиԼǸԼͽ˲鷳ҶӾͲ²Ҷ鷳ҶĻ̾һ˵ȻȻ֪ܼҪʲôܼұһ֣ҹռһֱûб̬ѵѡ𣿡
Ҷҡͷ˵Щ鶼Ӧúһ첻ǱһֱǱµ£´޽ò˶೤ʱˣʱҲͷְɣ
Ҷ˼ԣ͹հⳡǵĶŮⳡĸ˳нӶӵӡ˵һͳԼܴ衣
հֻһӣһŮȻ޷̳йռңԽһӣĶӡհЦһǸҶнڹռҺ͹ӰСȻѼ̳ˡ
СʵȴǿĿ£عռҵģǸʮСӣЦЦ޻򲻿ޣֻֻ֣Ҫڹռңû˸ҴռҰ⡣
տСĵһۣҶ֪һͺ͹հһӣڿȻ㽫հȡõгɾͳƽӶʵ¡
ʱҶ룬ҶܹһʵǸöá
޳ҵ鲢ģǱ·ľޣϵϢǽһǿߣȫʢʱ򣬱˵ЩˣǿҲһܹնɱڿȴϷ·𵽴Ǵˣͬʯ۾ѾʧȥȻţȴһʱȥĸо
޳һ̾ԭǴ޽һǻʲôĲŻƴֿɣǷݻɫп
Ҳвģֻûע⵽ѣҿĲ˴ŵĻԣҵ̬ȣһڲ³ҲʧֻʧȥʱŶϧֻв֪ԼҪ˵˭
޳ߣʵòϲϹ˰ɣ
޳ЦһҲ֪Լʲôоһֱϵֵܣ֪Ů֮ҲһֱֵԴ֮Ҫ˵ֵܸ飬δе죬Ҫ˵ɰ飬ȴǷȱʲô
𰡣𰡣
޳˵ͷ˵ȷǻȱһѻܰڽϲѡ
Ծؿ޳ųݵСǣˣ¸ҵԼĸ飬۶ԷǶôңɼ
޴磬㣡
һ͵ӣ޳һЦǺŮӣҶܹĸ֡
޳𰡻𰡵Ĵ󺰻ڼתͷһԭǹհվ۵ĶǻԪأǿԪ˸еľ
ͺԪصİվԪرİ쿿£Ԫ׺Ǳ̬
ͷŵĲֻǻԪأѨһҽеʱǶӶѨһ¡
޳տʼΪԼĴ뿪ȴͻȻи˰סԼļͬʱһȵϢתͷһǹհ
ôԪҲǲҲѨıˣ
ʲô
飬ֻнӽĻ޲ܹӵУŻҹһΪǿӵĴڣŻᵮһ𡣡
治Ӧ𣿡
ȷȵҽɱ֮ҿһһŶ

˵ʵ⸱ģƭӵĹ
޳Ŀʵȥ𣿡
ȻЩ˵ʵ̫Ҳǿܹҡ
̫
һȺˡ
޳ŵģȴûŵġ
ļʶ̫٣ܹհĶӹջһջڵĻ
ȻĬˣǾͿ߰ɣ
޳һĬϣԼʲôʱĬˣ
޳ǱհҪЮŹȥģǵǸطȴе𾪣Χ۵Ŀ񱩻ԪذԼķ컯תֱеѳ޳ѹԼе𾪣ŹհŶѨȥ
ſڣֻ֮ҪŪʲô󶯾ǲᳳģԹհһ㶼ûӣ˵ɣôɾܹҪŻȥѵ顣
Ӷôһ޳ȵķ֣߾Ȼ֮˺ܳʱ䣬ûа㿿顣
ǲмˣ
޳ɫΣͻȻֺ͹հͶĸо仰ո˵հûӦռһ𶯣֮ǰǳĻԪȫʧԭԼڶУȴ·ˮϣǵûлԪأš
޳еһ뷨мˣŸΧϢɵԼҡⲻܼΪʲôԼҲˡ
հȻû뵽ֱᷢ仯ΧľǻͫУƺܹ󷨣ȫԪظûлԪʵ½
군ˣ֪ҶǼһˣȵ̽Ѩ֮ٶ֡

޳һȻҶѾ˰ţ˺Ｑ
޳Źհݣ˽ѣûаȻ֮ɫȻϱԹȴͷŵķǳң·ǹԼΧ󷨡
ǣҶ˵ô֪Щҵĳأ
հһ䣬ϵ˲ͷųռһζǱԪص󷨾һȱ͸һ˲䣬޳͹հΧˡ
һ߰˸ˣĸά󷨣ȻԼˣԼ֮⣬ûܹ˾󷨣ΧҲȻܼˣΪܼҲʹûԪأһ󷨣ͬܵơ
÷ҵ÷ϣǻƵң
հ·ʶˣоɲмأɼǽ÷ϵʵǿһˣհԵø⳰ΪܼҵļŵĶǻ顣
Ϲû뵽㳤Ҳô֮ľȻǣ壬ѵôҹռ𣿡
ɲǺ£Ҳҵս֮սϼзԸ·ˣͳͳһǹռҺҶң


1962 ͬ
޳ǰŵܼҼɵ̾˿ϼôΪʲô¶Щ̵ļһأ
ҪԸңҲȿһûʵѵΪЩܹԸҰ޳Ϊ˴ǵļƻҺҶĶԸǣ޳ɱҶö࣬ǼҲвǿǿ֡
޳佱ԼҲкܸˣ佱ԼҶɵһεĿЦЩҪҶǹհ˴鷳ˡ
հӾȻƳˣ˲ɵýĿ⿴޳עı޳Ϊѣǿǿȥ
Щ˶޳ԣܹհһǿ޳еЩ顣
ȻСôôҾ㿴һ£ϣ÷֮һǰһϵϢҲ޳еһǡȷǿ޳СΣԡ
ͻȻʧԼǰ޳Ψһע⵽ıһζ֪˽֮Уȴ޷֪˵ķλ
ʱϷȥȴͻȻһΣոУ޳ܵʹúսꪵֻֿâһͬͻȻֵǣ漴ųª˲Ŵǲ潣ںսϣսϵа˿ûӰ쵽޳һ˦ûнɣ޳˦սꪵͬʱΧźսתһȦݺݵһ޳ϡ
޳ԸоԼǰ߹Ƕϵͬڵ㼱ٺˣݺݵˤڵϣӽ֮С
հ۾һ˵ǰ۸ҵˣûнҷʧԭأֻڿһߣȥȴֻڹհԼ֮ǰһһշ뿪֮С
÷ϴ۸ʲô£һ˶ԸҰ
հżĿŵ棬Ϊ޳Ϣһ˲ʧһ£Ϊ޳أɵŸܵ޳Ϣʱ˿
˵ĴǿߣҲʹʮ֮һһܲסӡ
÷ϣͬģҲ˵һ˿飬Ҳܹټ÷ҪԪأٶȹھ£޳էóĶ˽⣬һ˸
޳ӵʱǹѪ˿Ѫɫ۾Щˣһмֱ¡
һȻڽ޳ɱҲɥʧսվô£ѵԼղһûɶ˺
÷ϴ޳󲻽⣬޳ȴûиĻᣬϽһһ޴Ľ޳ڿУ˫޴۾·һС
޳һ֣޾ǳ·ȥ
漸¶Цݷ·ڳ޳ĲűֵȴҳԼⲻɵ
޳ɲɵ෴Ȼôһԭ
޵ٶȲ޳úսڿһһڵĽ󷨳ȥڽ󷨵˲䣬ǽһ󷨾˺һӣȻת˲ţý޳ȥ
ôܣ
˲£ǸҲ֮ʧ޾һ㣬ֱӳ˳
÷ÿһ㽫޸иɺü룬ɴǾȵĲǽޣǳ÷ϴһܹŻֵ޳
հ۾һ޳ļ˵˵ҵ۹ⲻôû뵽Ȼô˵δ󷨵ģ
ߣհ󷨿ɲΪס㣬ҲΪ˸ǵϢһŭǿɾͬھˡ
հһ˵Ҳһǵİ취һƣǿɾ鷳ˣҵҪĹ£״ȥһȺԪضУӰ˵ӳȥ
Ȼô˵ɹհʵʵһȥ˼ûУ޳аޣΪԼصĹãɱհˣԼղʹõһȻȷܹͻ󷨣ȴɺϣѨһرգ޳ȥҪһرգ޾ͻᱻѨɵ
ȫʢʱڣ޳ܹʹĿƣؿڵ·ȻˣؿȴһԵİݣǶԷ÷ϴ
ԼҼ˵㶯ְɣʱӵԽãԽ׳ֱʣǸҶͷܹܿɱҶҪ˶ãҶǵûбɱԼȴɥȪˡ
÷Ͻ֮У޳ֵ÷ϴһ޳棬׺ݵĶ޳˵Сӣϴɡ
޳͹հֻһհǰ÷϶ɵ˵ǾȻСң϶ԸҲ˵Ȼһһǿ벻̡
޳һΣ²۵ԷȻѡôһԭġѵɱԼһԸհ
޳һһһʤҪһԶǸûлʤϣ޳ŹհҪùհԼϣȴû뵽հǲףԷôһţȻŭѾͶԷսˡ
ʱ𣿡
һ޳ߣһΣոд޳ͷһᣬǲ潣޳޳ϻϸһ·
޳һæܿͬʱԼԭվĵطȥǱ߾ȻûˣѲɸղŵǻþǻþĻôԼϵѪ˿
Ĵʲôأ󡣡
ٴγ֣޳ܵıܿսꪳɨȥȴԼŪ˸գ߸û˳֣ԼĺսꪴڿճǾ޴ĹһģۿӲܿƣʱڿͻȻһ潣޳ĺȥ
ۿ޳Ҫˣʱսȴڲóֵĵط
顭
潣ͺսײһ𣬲ҫۻ𻨣޳·׼ϽһŽɫףĸ֪˲ŴԼһȫԼϢ
޳ǹһ˦սͬһ㣬ǰȴȻı˷򣬳ź󷽳ȥ

һ죬һӰӷ˳ȥһ˳֣÷ϴ
սꪵǹ÷ϴϣ޳ʹõľ޴ͬʹ÷ϴܵ˺
÷ϴһ̾⵽ô£
÷ҲǺΪҲû޳ĶΪʲôܹͻȻ
÷ϴķӦܿ죬ٶȸ죬һβû̫ܵ˺Ǹеĵ޳Ƿ񿴳Լʽİء
޳Ҳûô࣬һȫǿǶԷӦô󣬷޳Ļɡ
޳ûͣٴǰֻԼĺսٶܿ죬ȴһһԷƽ⣬⿴кܶ۾


1963 伣
ֻܶ۾
޳۾÷һۣһû뵽÷ûʲô÷ϴԼ߷ĹΧκԡ
ԭˣ
޳ףѹ÷ôѲԭԼԸһˣ൱ڶԸһȫλ۲Լˡ
޳ΪԼٶȿ죬ʽҲСɱԼӱԼһȱо÷ϴĹģʽûʱ򾭳ƾʧʵȴһֱԼ
һֱǸ޳ЦԼֻ࣬ҪԼ࣬ӽܻä˾ץסӽǵäԶû
һһֱ޳ǱԼϢйʱ
˫ν֣ǲ£޳÷ϴϢȴϢȫһ㡣
硭
ܿ͸ˣ÷ϴɶˣȻ˵ܹƽ÷ϴĹʱʱ仹ǿԵģֻҪհ
޳Źհڵӣǰһͷǳߴ壬ڱý׶ߣϻȼŻ棬ͬһˣϵػȭ÷϶Ȼź÷Ҷսľ飬ֵһıܿ÷񣬱ӦñҹѹƵȴѹƱˡ
ԭ֪ȴû뵽ʾ
޳ͻȻʶԼӦýϣհϣȲ÷Լ÷ϴ˵
޳ս͵һжʱһҵķѨڷѨֵͬʱ÷ϴѸٺˣԶֵؿ޳ʵôܣôʹóѨ
Ϊʲôܣ
޳һЦʶǳ
ҲǣѨҶҵĲֻҶֱϵӲŻ֪ԼҶȴܹʹ÷Ѩȷǳ˸е
Ҷˣ
÷ϴϵɱŨȻҶ֮Ųٵĳޡ
޳ҡҡͷ˵ѵǴ˵еͬ⣬ҶңòΪҶҲʹ÷Ԫذɣ
÷ϴһ˵ͬҲԣʵһɽݶҶѨĻ÷ǰǶ֣۷Ԫص÷ҿǸǿ󡣡
ͻȻһ
޳ΪԼ۾ˣ۾ǰ÷ϴȷʧˣҲǶڲϵĸƶ·˺ͿеķΪһ塣
ͻȻһ׹⣬ͬһ㣬ȴûнǿ޳æ赲㱻ǰ޳һ
ôСӣ÷ҵ߾ѧ伣Ը㲻ҲУܹʹ÷Ѩķϣžɱ㣬ԱʾԷѨ𾴡
伣ֱ֪
ʵ̫С޳ˣ޳ûʱķѨ֮дôʱ䣬ѲɶڷԪصջЩ˵ͣ
ǿռȻǷ磬ȴͬ޳ܹڱȷĿռдٿУͿռؼֱС׼ס
޳۾һΧһж޳Ҳ÷ϴӰ÷ϴʹóٶȣ޳Ҳѡ
üס޳۾Ѿϰ˿ռȴûоĳһֱڱȽϰȵУԶԵ΢һЩ
ɣⲢסԷĽ

޳ͺվڿвȴÿһζס÷ϴĽһ£һֱС޳÷Ҳʼ
һ
÷ϴ޳ǿ÷ó񶷣ʹõʽǽ񶷣ֻҪʹһЩ似ԼԼѰ·÷ҵ㣬һֱжֶģֵסԼļһ޳ǵһҲһ
ôˣ
ٶһ죬ͲǿԶ޳˵Ӧ˵Ļֶֻ́ѣʹöȽ֮£÷ϴĿɲ٣ϵĺˮɺɫѪЩѪڿͣһѪӰȻ÷ϴͣˣѪӰͣڿУɼ֮
޳ſеѪӰһ̾ǡ
ѪӰǾֹģڹ£ĸַ΢ƶƶС֮УȴԤ֮⡣
ƶ
޳Ծĸģ򵥵ȴ似ڹ͵һȫµĸ߶ȡ
ߣսʱȻ񣬼ȻԼҾͳȫ㡣÷ϴҲ֪ԼֲĸоӺζǰ޳ʲô仯ûУΣոȴԽԽǿҡ
ԣµʼʹɱУҲջߵĹ۲죬ΪףֻҪϴ¶ɱ⣬һˣ̿ͣҪľڱ˸շӦʱԼ˲䣬ͬʱסԼɱĿ
߹հɶˣǿߣ󷨵࣬ȻһЩ˿ڣɶԷҲһ˲ȹհٶ٣ҹհϵĻԪػиʴԣʱԽԼ·磬˶÷ϴϣֻҪ÷ϴʤˣ˶Ըհһɵ顣
հҲһ޳Լӵʱ䣬ֻҪʱ䣬Լܹʰˡ
޳עȫѪӰ֮ϣеѪӰܶÿѪӰͬǶİͬġ
ѪӰһɢ޳һڳԷСԵһ룬ûˡĿ⿴Ϸ÷ϴ̾һ㣬һ㡭
ʲôһ㣿
÷ϴһںԼսʧҲˣھȻԼǿ벻̣ƳһξѪǵξѪǻذڲ潣֮ϣԭûκϢĲ潣ǶʱһУͬһȺԨĶ
ѪѲ÷ϴõľ÷ıԼгĽɫʹõ÷ϴУĸ˸˲ڵսֱȥᱦ÷ϴʵټĸ֣Ҳһ÷ϴĶ֡
һֱڹսܼңе̰ȫκεߣԴֻһ飬ǱǼʹõԼҪᵽ֡
ǿȻֻĶֲ޳ʱɫΪԼϵĺսꪾȻڲ
𣿡
޳ҡҡͷֺսꪴԼѶϢǺ£˷ܣǿܹǸսһ
޳ܹܺõĿƺսˣһЩԼĿơ
սꪴѶϢ˷ܣǸ潣÷ϴѶϢȴǺ£ֻţҪߣΪ÷ϴʹþѪܹᵽĸܣǲ潣˼
ȵĿ޳ϵĺսꪣϷг֮⣬˲˼飬ѵϻба֮


1964 һ˲
õĶǸñ
Ϊ˵˼໥ӵģ÷ϴ󿴼飬ֵҲˣ˼ʱɱ˹հ޳ĺսꪡ
ȻհһȻܹȥᱦԱ·ֵȴͻȻǳҩһ㣬ĳհ
ҲôˣѵҪͬھ
հһһֱ𷴿ȻҲŵö㿪ˡ
հ濴еɵ˼ϸ壬Ӵ޳һ۱޳ʵͿɼһߣ˵춯˹հĻɣҪȥ÷ϴѲ޳ôѹס÷ϴ
˷ܵĳ޳ȥѾģѹư޳ѹƵĸûзأҿ޳սĲɣùհҪ޳һƣػ
ܿ죬޳ϱ˼˿ڣǽϴȻֻǼ˿ڣȴѪⶼŧˮ޳ʱųȥһֱὫʴֹͣ
ʹĵʹ޳ҲܲסܲסҲţһܹȫˣȻԴڷ伣ȴԶڷ伣޳ʼ似֡
ͽһ˲ɣ
Ϊ޳һʹ似ƶڱֻĻ⣬Խ֮Ϊһ˲ٺòˡ
÷ϴ󿴼޳ѾˣǸֳһ˿ЦݣΪһս÷Ӯˣ޳ϵǾһñֻǿϧ޳бǲ
հһֱҪٴսκ˵Ĵ̫Լֿסôʱ־޳һ̾÷ϴ޳һа̾ϧˣôһţ֪ôðմ붴Ѩˡ
漸˿սôʱ仹ûзֳ£кż÷ϴʹóһЩҲǺ˷ܣհһһȺں֮ҲͲΪݣҶȻ쵼ǿɾǰûǿֿһжûá
޳һǷ·𿴼֮սʤԺЩվԶʵ޳֪һ죬Ϊû뵽ԼȻôҪ
֪ԼôҪĻֱжá
ۿǲ潣Ҫ޳ĺ޳ȴȻʧһʮ֮⣬ͬ˲һ㡣
ô£
ѵǸղſǻӰôͻȻǱߣ
һ˵۾ִôһȺ˵۾ִܲɣ޳ʵʵʧˣͬʱһط𰸼ŲɵĻ÷ϴΪϻ𶯣ԼǰҲŻӡ
ȴ𰸣ϾȻбԼ÷Ҹӿٶȣ⡭ôܣ
ôĴ֮£Щ񣬶ʱ䣬޳ĿʽҲѾ׼ˣһ޴õӰӳ֮У·Ҫ󷨵Լ˱ɫȫͷţþȫӹ󷨣޴Ӱ󷨶˱Ρ
ٶȿôֻҪɱ㣬÷ǵһ϶ϣ
÷˶Ȼʧһ׹⳯޳ȥհɫʱҪϹȥ޳Ϊʱֻƾ޳Լʵ˵Ĺл
Ҳƴˡ
˴ûм÷˻ʧ̬һ֣Ǵﵽ۷ǿӦҲأ˵һֻڵ޳ˡ
÷ϴ÷ʧ̬ˣһڵˣҪǵȵﵽ۷壬һ£޵ˣ
ղаͦ÷Ҽˣ÷Ҽ˺޳հͬھԼ˽׬ĺô
Ϊ޳ȴ֪޳ǹ˾ۼһ𣬷Լһпʽβܷ
Ȼûƣɽǿѹ֮вϻζɽĿУ۵ĺƷ·γһӰгźսꪣսһơ
ںƱɽȻƺܴȴûм˷֣޳ѾۼһˣǷһ˿Цʽ
Ǻս͵ػ£һ˸ڽ泯ӿȥѵҪһԽ
հȿһʣȻԼֵܹһȴұ֤Լܵ˺ʵԶԶԼҪֱӳһǡ
հ޳аѲ֮ǰ޳ǹαװģΪʲôʵͻȻǿôࡣ
޳ȻûαװʵǿòʹĴۻģԭѾƵĺսꪣֿʼʳԼ壬ڵͬһ㣬ɾµҲҪǰһ
÷ϴҪԼֵȴǹ֮ǿԼһ˸ܲסֵܸһʹ÷неֵȴҲ޼£֮£÷ϴֻýԼ潣ڣֵҲʹþѪò潣ܹʹóǿʱ򣬽Ѿǰ
潣һۺ⣬â˹ȥ潣ǲָӣԼǰȥͽ࿹⡣
г죬ʹùǿ󣬾ȻԼʶȽ֮£ԼеֱǷͭ
÷ϴ󿴼ͽ࿹⣬¶һ˿΢Цͫײ˵ΪҪСУǸһҪõղŲ潣ҵĸоƺڸ⽣ȫСе
ҲǵȴŻᣬȵ˲䣬޳֮ʱǽȴûȫɢͬɢ֮޳ӰͻȻֳֺ֣սꪣƲɵĳŲ潣ȥ

սꪵĶù潣м䣬һۿɼɢҲɢǸ潣һ
ͬڿ¡
ѻȸ
ԼҲ󷨣ǴĿϿյ״޳ʹõŪϣ⡭ôܣ
ɱ㣡
÷ϴ۾һ죬ʲô˵ĳ޳˹ȥû¶һ÷ϴֵĵط
һ˲Ǵӷ伣ľȻڷ伣Ҳ˽⣬÷ϴֵ޳ˣһò÷ϴĶϣսջأѪգ
÷ϴɫʧлһҪɱ޳ӣӦûзӦˡ
սϵа˲ʴ壬Ҳѹô졣
磡
ͬĺţ÷ϴѾһʬԼǰհ޳Ѿվһû󷨵ѹƣհв޳ǻɫ۾Ǹӳճһ޵ӣ˾޴ѹȸУѸ뿪ܼԼվһһι


1965 ߶Զ
հ޳һۣ¶һϧɫڸǲס˵㿴Ǹ潣ҲܻϾĶ͸ˣҲ̫˰ɣ
޳ͷЦ˵Ҳû뵽ǰѲ潣ô󣬿ȴô࣬һСˡ
һʹõ
仰ķ׷׸еǿ޳飬һһֻ˵󻰵ķӡ
հһЦ˵ûϵЩϵĶֵɲǸͣѼıǣһһ롣
󷨱ƣ÷ϴϾ߸ǿߣհȫûнǷʵ˸еߡ
÷϶һۣǶԼ˵Լҵܹס೤ʱ䣿
Լ˻޳ʵɵô˸ս÷϶һ˿ģҪԼҵİԲûԼ˿ǰο˵Сӵʵȷǿ󣬿һֻʹһΣֺƴĹǶһܹܸɣ˵һڵСˡ
Լ˿ſе޳͸տʼȣ޳һЩӱЩʲôԼףԭ޳Ҳǿ֮ĩ뵽ǵľͰ࣬Ͼղһ̫£Լǰֵһᡣ
÷϶Լеɱ⣬ĵǶʱ⿪Լ˵ǵ󷨻ܹס˵Ļ˽й˺Ը˲Ǻܼ򵥡
Լô÷϶ǸУһдҪɱСӱԼΪϼֲΪֳֺõĻɲɣܼǸ۸ġ
¶һ˿Ц뿪ڣֻ÷϶˵еĹͻеĺôԼҺܼҷֻ֣ΪҸ籨𡣡
֮ǰԼҺܼһЩԥھ޴ǰôܾ
ЩѶԸܼܻСӣȻʵʱ½ңľ޴󣬻Сһ㣬ܵıȫԼЩ˵ĹԸ
հصĿ·ȻԷһˣɼ˶Լ˳ֹһǳ鷳飬֪Լôźá
һ޳ж޳Ǹеȣ֮ǰô󣬿ĻָȻǿʵҪǷ磬м׷ġ
֪޳ΪҶҵˣɿ޳ʹóޣĽԪؿɵеСѵܹƶԪأ
ܹƶԪصǿ߲ټܹ㵽ʵÿ廹ÿ߶ѡԼóһ
˷ԪغͽԪ֮⣬޳ڸܵ˻ԪأһԪػҪм꣬ǺԼҲ١
ǹռĻԪϼ̳ģһѣǽӽ̬޳ܹһ汾¡
հ˾޳ȻҶģǾ˵Ҷ޳ӣ޳ƷԼ벻Ļܹ޳뿪
հľѾܵˣ޳ȵĿǰЩçײʵжˡ
޳ԼǿԼǿһЩҲ䵽ֵز
ڿǿ֧ţȻܺã޳ԼѾսꪵʴĲӣٴʹÿʽԼҪԼɱսꪵҲǲ޳ܲסڲ潣вʧˣϵܶ࣬ٴαͨ
޳͹հվڿУҪ΢һ㣬ùհסԷԼʵ̽飬Ҫϲǡ
÷϶һ۾ֱ޳ɱڣǰ鶼ѾѪ˿ͬħ֮ۡ
ֵܣͬģɼ֮ĸô޳ɱһǸоͬɱԼһô׵ķŹ޳
ϣ
Ϣͷųǿѹ£հٴη仯ԭ׵߾ȻٴӣֻԵøǿϵƤѿѣһһ鼡·𶼳ΪĴڣûƤ𾪵Ѫ⣬Ȼҽһ㡣
ܻŹհı仯ɵõһްȻܼҺ͹ռҶǻϵĺ֮ҲһǿϵȻҶǴʮ壬һֱǹռѹܼңܼҹӲдڣ񿴵հʵܼһûֵҰ
ܻȴûк¹հΪ˵˻ܼҵѪһηռңҹհһʧȥĹռҶܼҵвҲͲôܼһϢĻᡣ
ܻ֣ǲƱͽԭΣԸհܼ̤۷Ҫ飬ûк÷϶ּۻۣǿԷԼһô̴Ӧ¡
ֻܻܵЩڻϵߵԼҺ÷ҸܸУȻûǿɻϵһֱԹǿƣڹհǰԵĸܵԵѹơ
հһ죬ʱһð˳޴ռڲ𶯡
ЩСˣҾҲҪǼһ𡣡
Լڽ֮ʱ沼󷨣淢һ鶼ᱻ֪̽ϢƾŹհһһᱻѡ
÷Ҷ֮ǰ͹հ˲£ԼһˣٴԹհȻǲ£
ԼҼ˱󷨣һհĻԪأһߴŪһС󷨣޳ס
󣡡
Լһֻֿ󷨣һֻڿһһ޳ߣ޳ס
޳һоǱϢںһжûУûûпԼȴͻȻһϢûȵӦһȭϣȻ󣬿ֺ׵Ĺ˲ò
ѵص𣿡޳ѾǵһԼҵ󷨣ϵӶ֮У󷨿ǿֻԼûŪɶѣǶãʹõĲֻԪоҲǻþκ綼ͬС죬ԻþֻҪرġ
һ߿Ǹ󷨣ҪԼǼôõ
޳۾ĸΧһУϵĹԽԽΧĿҲԽԽ࣬ɱϾ˶ʹһЩ޳ҪƿҪʱ䡣
ĸ˲ѾǼޣһͷðհսԽԽ󣬲ò½ķѹƹհϡ
ֻһëͷСӶѣԼҵ󷨹ƼûԼҵľѧôᱻƵ


1966 
ǡ
쿴Сڸʲô
۾˯ܹܵı޳ƽȣҲûκƣϢҲƽȣǽϰԼľ񹥻
һԼǿа̾ôܣǵĹôô򵥾ͱ⣿
޳ȴûյʲô˺˿һϷսհ˾һѽѷ֣Լʱ˿϶ܲסհĹо޳ڻʲôΪ̾˿˵ȲҪʲôʱг׼ʹɱ󡣡
ɱ֣˶ɫҪʹɱԼ֪ܼܲά󷨣ɿǴе뷨˻ȥ׷׵ͷ˵ӴԸ
ɵ󷨣ҪһƣĲ룬󷨱ҵǸ˱λɻҲء
˿ϷսаżϽռưɣհѾ֮ǿԼʵһʱƣһɺܴ˺ֻҪʱѣȻʹȫԸհ
ȭȭ⣬˶Լհʹĸо˺ǱŭȴҲ޼£أϵĻȽʧ֪ԼѾҪˡ
Сӣߣ
޳ȫȫƿ󷨣ͻȻһ޴ȻͻŸΧһиܵдϲһֻһ֮е޳ȻӰһ˲䣬޳ڹհߣ׼ץסհļҪհһųȥ˭֪հȴ˿
СӣˣЩҪû˵ֵ˭Ҳ벻
޳ȻǱ֮ˡ
һתƵհǰԹհ˵ҵסߣȻĺܴȴڱЩආɱ
հһȻ޳ֻԼһСĸоȴǿһСˣǺԼһһʵһλǿߡ
ܹõհϿɵǿߣһûҪ֪һطá
ǹհȴû飬̾˿˵ѵ㿴ڵӾǻŻȥܻҲɷһ
޳һ£ͷŹհ֮ѸȼգʵȻˣǡ
޳֮ʣȴоԼֱһ޴סȻ͵һӣհĴ˵ߣ
޳׼뿪ȴͻȻоǰһȫ͸ǽʹ֮һͷĸԼˣѾìͷ׼Լ
հоΧʧˣԼ˰޳ʱŭѸٳԼ˳ȥɸǰ˸÷Ҷ˺һ˵հĵ
հ֣һ޴ĻհȻͬǻԪأܼĻùհû취պֻͬһҽŻ𻷱ˣͬͬʱܻ˵޳֮ͽ
ǻôĽѵҵ޳ŷ𣿡
ΪܣΪ١
հɫһ䣬֪ԼѾû취ȥ޳ˣֻȫȫӦˣ޳հֻܹбС
ɶ񣡡
޳ԼˣǵѾ׷ԼѾʹ󷨽Լס
հΪԼû취ˣȴͻȻһϵ˲䱬ȫһȭǴ÷Ҷ˺ܻϣԼ󷨡
֮һζɨһ飬Ȼ˲ѡ
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ڣ
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÷϶ɫ˵Ҫȥ׷޳ϾǷǿߣٶԶԼ˿öࡣô˵ֻҪ޳ץס÷ϴ󱨳
Լôõʽ÷϶ƻɱ޳ɱհɱɱ޳Ҫˡ
÷϶Լ˳Լǰɫһ䣬ŭʲô˼
걨ֻҪ뿪ʱԶ֣ǵĿǹհѹհɱ¡
÷϶һ˵÷£ʲôʱֵԼѵСɱ÷ϴô뿪뿪Ժкȥ÷ˡ
÷϶ûдòԼ˵ǰ棬ҲǺް취أñѯʵȷҪ÷𣿡
Ƕϼӵˣµǰ÷ҵȫԺ˵ԼӵĴǳе𣿡
۾һУ¶һ˿ϷЦ˵˵ǵ÷ҵû취ǸëͷСӱ𣿡
÷϶һ޻˵Ϊô룬޳չֳʵ̫ɫ÷ϴ÷ֵȻһ˾ͽɱҪǵʵǿ÷ľûˡ
һתĿڹհϣΪͨԼ˵һ£ǱֻҪԼհɱռҺҶұʽϼӾѣʱԼϼӵ޳Ҳ޷ӳϼӵġ
ƴֿĹհɵҡͷ̾ʵѾѸ½ˣԼ֣ò೤ʱ䣬Ҳľһͨˡ
ǣǾհһհ뿪طԶѾ˺ɫ÷ϴ壬ɱʢеĲ潣ʼҫŹââŴľհʱں˾ûзĹ
ۿǾҪʤʱڶȴͻȻһŭ𣬽ŵضɽҡһ˴ӶХ˷׷״󾪣˵ô£Ϊʲôˣ
Լ˸æԼõ󷨣սۻᴫȥѲɡ
ɫѿΪѾ뵽ߵԭ
Ǹ꣡
ˣлųȥĻᣬȴҪѰ·
ǼˣѾﵽľ磬ֻ֮һȻ۷嵽Ҳֻһѣһ֮ʵȴ޴
˵޳ȫһ·ûС
޳ҲᵽԼֻһйȥű׼Ǳӣȴû뵽ӦѸ٣βһ飬Ȼһţ޳Ǳɵɳȫûһֱֿӽ֮С
𻹽˽޳Ӧ죬ûбҧʣˡ
оǸðԼ˻ԼУɵ÷ǳŭҴԼǵǹƥ޳ʽͻȻԼܲϢˣԳŶȥ


1967 
ϵ붴Уԭ޼ɵսĶ˲խ붴вŷ֣ԼĶѨȫӣǵϢһɡ޴۾Ȼ¶ɵ֮ɫƵĺɢŻָ
֪滹࣬ΪϢûʧߵһ£ðǶʹõļʾм۾ڶ֮ţϢɽһʲô춯̱֡
Լңܻ÷Ҽ˶ԼʹϢ֮Уʱ˽Ǻ͹հɢǲ⣬Ϊհһˣ󷨺Ϣķţһᱻ֣ʵȷˣΪôſŵĵط۾ڱ֮ǰѾƵˡ
ûɱǾر۾ιհл
ô£ǼһȻ
Щ˿ԹհĴǽһŭû취ǿɲðй¶ԼϢϾһ֣ԼǱɡ
Ǿιհжô֮𼴽ʧͬڷҡҷһ㣬ҲֻƣŲõطȥѡ
֮Իӣǿķϣޣûġ֮ôΪֹհϵϢ֣Ƿֲ໹ޡ
հмһǵûиˣһ̾Ϣ𲻽ֻø¶ȥ³
ɱӢһ˵ɱųû֮һ
հ̾˿ƴ޳ȥ޳ȴΪ˸ѣⲻԼһ
ǿϧ˲žȻھˡ
޳ûֻĶѡ
ֻ޵ĶӲθǳҽĵطҽܹκζڻȴô޳ͷΧļޣǿһ㣬޳ɡ
޳ҪȥǲܳȥֻŲᱻϢŲС
˷ĻԪأ컯δҲ̫˷ˡ޳Ҳܹܵսˣֻлܹհ
컯һתΧĻԪ˲һеĳ޳ӿȥ޳ǿǿҲǱǵͨ죬Ѫ˺ɫ·ȥϼⱩ𣬺͹հʹõһ㡣
޵ĿȻԪ㹻㣬񱩵ȴһܹܵˣհʹõ㲻ޡŻ˿ֲǿֱ仯ֻʹ㣬ɼٿǶôļѡ
޳գҪ޳ȴȵķ֣ڷ컯£Щʷǵûбų⣬Ǳգûмɷ컯գһ֣һ֣ʼԼ壬ܵԽԽָ࣬оֻҪԼЩ֮ԺԪصĹԼûЧˡ
ԭоȵĿҲһоûУ޳Цһ̾øҵã
ûз컯ĻѾһʬգ컯һ㽥ﵽ״̬
֮󣡡
޳ܵ컯ԼϢƺ컯ڲֻչаŹ似С
֮󣿡޳֮žñ̬似ǳ˿ʽ֮⣬ԼǿʽҲԼһԶ̹ʽжԶأֻҪлԪأҼûд壬ͣЪһֱȥ
Ȼô˵ʵϣȻܹڿʼʱΧԪأһɳȥһξ룬𽥼ֱʧ
޳ɲǻӰһΪֻе̶ֳȡ
޳һʱңЩʱǲ꣬ȴΪá
һƯڿУһŻɫļУΧĻԪطĳֻӿȥͻȻֻ֣âһֻϷȥݺݵػϡ
ı仯հӸտʼİȵı۾궯ʼĴ鿴ƺѰʲôĿ⿴հϣڻǲǹհĹ
Ҫɱ𣿡
հϲ
Ǽ˿ߵܾȣΪԼˣȻǿȥԸհʱȴ¶˷ܵɫ
ûɱ
ܻС
ɾ΢ע⣬ȻתӣŶӰ߸˽ֻϢѣȴܹ𿴼
ã
˷ѣȴһϢһ޴ĻȥһݺݵײǽϣٴתŹհԿ϶˵ĹΪϢ˴ͬ
һưѹհʱĺͻȻҫۺ⣬һըʯĽĺ󱳾Ȼѿ
հ۾̾ôܣѵĴ޵ˣ
ȻʵⲢǴ޵ˣԴ˶
Ȼ£ͿҪܵ˴Ĵˣֱȥµͬʱ޳ˣվıΧĲ״ɵãԼû֣Щһܵˡ
޳ǰ治ԶĹհʱĹհѾһϢƾһ޳ųԼǰհΪ˻þ޳ԽԽȵģհⲻǻþ޳ûһ
ˡ
հ۾ٴ۾ʱ޳Ѿ߸սһţһߣû鱻޳ˣһȫѹ
÷Ҳ޳УԼѾˣܻǷԼ޳Ĺ˿ûЧստʼҪһŻһ֮ȴ޳ˣҲ䵽޳С
ȻֻһߣѾﵽڵ޳ʵʮֹټЩ˱һ˲С˺
ЩȵģԼ壬ԼѾˣΪʲô
޳Ҫȥ׷ǼˣȴѾԶֻʱŴӵϼվĹհæɹȥ鿴Źհ壬֮𽥻ָʵҲӣΪԼڱǹհĶ֣ԼһĲࡣ
հҲоԼʵɻĿ޳ʵҿʱʲôȻܹҾȻ
޳̯һӾУ˵ⶫ
飡


1968 ϼ
飡
հ۾͹޳ԲԲӣȻò̺ľ޴ٸһλĻȥҲûģΪҪԼĶأ
޳νŹհһںԹӣԹհ˵еϧĻôҲӸ㣬Σ
հ˵ģ
漴ҡҡͷ˵ôҪСĶأѻǿϧҶʹõĻǷǳпܳΪİ
񣿡
Ȼ޳Թհ˽⣬Ҳ˵հһʵǿĶӣȴû뵽հӵôߣлĻһȥʶһ¡
հ̾뿪֪ĻΪʲôί
뿪Ѩ֮˲ŷҶҺ͹ռڶڵˣҶΪףŹհ޳ɳ˿Ҷ˵Ƕ˻˾͸Ҵ붴Ѩ֮УǿǻųķϣߺߣǱ˹Ҳǰġ
ҶټĻᱩŭ˵Զ˵ӣհ§޳ļЦ˵ֻǺСֵȥһ¶ѣ˭ЩˣȻ鶼ѾȥˣǾͷƪˣҲӮˡ
ҶߵһҲû˵ʲôûٸհõɫͬľȴòͬ޳ֻĿŹհù˭Ҷأ
޳˹հҲǾ˹ռҵϣҶ޳Цӭٰǻ޳ʲôơ
ﵽڣ޳ʵѾҶҪǿЩ֮еĵλߣȥ·϶£Ҳڡ
˻ϲǰ޳ܵҲѾص׳ǡ
ǣºҶϼ죬վڳ¥̨ϣԶԶȥܹΪ޳£ǿҳĶ
ǴĿģʵ治ġ
ԼӸп˵֣·ҪƽǸ󶴶ϡԼֻ֮󣬱㽫ìͷת¡
ǿΪʲô
Ϊһˡ
Լҵˣϼɣɫһ죬˵ǵԼҵˣһп޻ӵˣ
ϼüͷһ壬ʵ
ǽ޳ļһ֣֪һ㣬ǰȺǿ߸ֱӳ֣׳Ǹٵ
ϼǵһ޳֣ɻʵ޳˭
зǸĸԼǿ߷ǵӮʤһɱԼǿߣҶǿߣ䷴ɱǸˡ
ȻЩɫ̫ãɱϾʵҲûʲôġϼϱ𴦴Լ̡
ҼԵŰ˿ԼĿ佱Ĵʻ㣬޳컨׹ͷ·޳һ㡣
Ҷ޴ԱһֲᣬҲû˵Լ飬Ϊ޳ҶĹϵһվԼߣ˷Ŀ佱ˣûʲôý
ϼӸ𾪣˵ôܣҶޣ޳𣿡
Ҷ޵˵ͷ˵Ӳõģ޳Ѿǰȥǳɭ֣һ÷ܼϣɡ
ԼҶ޺⣬ҶϵЦݣҲЦ˵һȥǲǺˬҾϲָоʧ٣һûһķأ
һʣΧеˣ˸еŭЩ˾ǸеҲû취ϾԼӵʵǿ󵽿£Ѿٶ۷壬ҲҺ֣Ϊÿһν֣Ӳغϡ
Ȼӵʵ˫һ޳ôĶأ
µЦһջ
ӣȥܼЩ˻ˣŻѾˡ
ԶԶĶˣϳϲɫ齻ϼǿǴһа˻ʱ

ͻȻԼĸȥΪʲôֻˣȥˣ
ˣŲõԤС
ϼ֣ʱ޳׵Ժ󣬶˵ǰһ飬Ȼǻϵߣɻҵкô㲻úܿҾܹﵽ۷״̬
ϼôãаǧٳʲô鷳ʲôʵ͸ʲôˣ´ӳſӭǣʱϲɿߵʱɫӽ
ϼҲ֪Щԣæʵ˵ôˣ
³ϻ̳Ͽ֣˵Ҳ֪ȥǡ
ϼüͷһ壬˵ˣʡ
¶ʱ¡
ǹ
Լŵûɢǳϼ߷ǿһۣгί
ϼӺߵһ˵˵ɣ׷ʲô飿
ػӣΧ¹հȴû뵽˹հ֮⣬һһ֮С
ǼŪ壿
˸Լĸ÷ܼܻ
ϼ˵ͷЩһȺǿˣɵһհӦ׾٣ɻֵزеʲôԭأ
ʵ˵һˣǸ˭ʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôʮ꣬ڵʵȴܹ÷ϵĹ´һɱ÷ϴ󣬺ǿ콫Ʒʱǽհɱˡ
ϼȵĿˣʵհǼһˣ
ǵġ
ô˵ϵ˵ġ
Լ˿Цһ˵ǸߵСȥǵԼŭϵƶˡ
¿黹Ǻ˳ʧԼǿҲûʲô£˵ҲǱɱģأ
ǣСӽɱʵѾﵽڣǸֵסö˶Żģֻĸ˶ѡ
أ
ҲСˡ
Ҷ޴ԱһֱĬͻȻɫһ˵㲻ǵСӵ֣֪ĳɣǲһѳꪣ
û
ɫһѵ˵ǡ
ϼü˵˵˭ҶȻȫʬ
޳
ºҶͬ˵˵ж˲ŵɫ޳ǰӦĸڵǿ߹ȴڰ˸۷ϻһˣʵôܡ
ϼҲסʵȷ޳ֻڣ
ǧȷȴܹն÷ǿĹԼҵҲЩסһ
һһ䣬˶֮ͬǶ޳ǿ˽⣬Ҳףڲ޳պǺ󻼣


1969 ޳޳
ո˭ûȿ˵ºߣһ޳ȻԼʧôǿߣٴҲԲˡȻûܹԸ޳ˣĻϼҪǽ޳ϣ޳Ҳͻ˶೤ʱˡ
ϼ˵޳ñ£ȻҶԿҵҪ޳ݺĿ磬ϼѹ
ߵ£˵ȷ޳
µۿ׷ȥҲû˵СؾˡȻ֪м䷢ʲôٷ֮ٵȷ޳޼ˡ
£˵ǿҸҲƫοһĸףȻҹϵȴ֧ЩһûȡƵĻҪƿĿ磬ЩѶȰ
ϼ˵ԣ޿ϵеһжǵĵˣȻ޳ô޳ɡ
Ҷ޴Աߵͷ˵ӲȻЩûн޳ɱȴùհɥȪһռˣƻߡ
Ҷ޵ĻϼɫתһЩ˵ȷˣɲ޳һžȻٰҵ飬ƽϢеŭ𡣡
Ҷ޵ͷ˵ҸƿǣûйհҶ˸޷ǣֻҪһЩ˽·ءߣҵҪЩܹƯá
²ûв죬Լҵһ⣬ûһɣﻹſڣ±ϼ
۾ǰͻȻһȺϤӰڿУտʼΪҶȺԼ鷳󷨶ûУֺֻܹҶӲƴˣ޳ʵкǼɵ޳֡
Щ˽˲ŷЩҶûҶһˣֱ۶һĴϡҶ޵үү
Ҷ޿ôһ״۾˵ô£
޶ˡ
һҶҴһϴˣɫͷʱʱѾ˻ס
ϼҲһӹϼǰߵ£һҪΪǱ𰡣ǱǶ˻ȥ޶ĸҵĶҲҶУµõҶҵĿȨ
Ҷһŵӣ˵ⲻܣҶǿҲƿ󷨣ôǵģ
ǹհһʲôСӲ˺һհʵִǶĶ֣ǸСҲĸǿ߸ϲסϵǿ߾ʮڹհϵֻ಻١
һհҿһСӣ޳ǲڣϵǿ߾͸ߴʮôܹšڹհ֮ǰԼ˷˵հѾɱˣΪʲôǱߡ
ϼŭˣԼһȺ˵ܣ޳ԶŭɶɢɱΧ˸еһ䣬Ǵ׹⡣
ûзǳ̾һ˵޳Ը취ϽָʵҵҪ޳ж
ŭԽǱסԽǴеŭѾﵽʲôزҶ޺»ûü˵ϼʧǻᾩˡ
ºҶ޶һֻۣúΣõʽ޳һƻҽڶѡ
ǻʱҪ޳飬㲻ý޳ᱻʥؿУʱԼҪǵ޳ǿɾ͵ùˡ
ص˳¾ߵļλԼҵĺģһڵСӱƵĲò¶оԼܣǣ޳ֹԼʲô취أ
޳ĹհǴɤһ˵ǶܹοߣֻÿЦš
аԸ̣һʵôǿ󣬿ɾôżȥ˾սʱɫһ죬ѵ£̿һ㡣
޳վ
հͻȻס޳֣ݸ޳һƣɫôҲûһģ˵޳ȻģΪĳֶǴƣСӾԹû˵ʵôɫҶĽ㣬ġ
ῴʧ̬ϰ֣ɫߺ죬˵ˣȥϢɡ޴磬ɵЦȰȰҰ֡
ʲô޴磬ڿʼ壬ҪΪֵܡ
仰ҶסˡհһݲҪ͵Ŀһ˵ݡ
հҶҲŵ˵޳ֻôһԿЦհ̫ǿǳҶ֮⣬û˹ܵס
Ҷ޳Цһ˵ӾֶЦˡ
޳ҡҡͷ˵ûУǹǰңҲûеĽ졣
Ҷ޳ĵ˵ͷ˵ֶʲôѾϼӣǻܵϼķ񱨸ӦɱһǳغͼֲĶ࣬˵ʵҶңҲѱ㣬ȥռҵĻǻԡ
ⲢҶ£Ϊ޳еģϵ޳İοԲų˶Բߡ
޳ȴҡҡͷ˵Ѿһ㣬Ҫȥǣھ֮УǻҲڳڶְɣ
Щǳ󷨶ôǿҪǾǶǿߵѹǸǿ󣬶ǵԼܹԼĻᣬȻ˾ԼףԼ
Ҷ޳⣬Ҳû˵ʲôǾܵд޳ֻҪ޳ԸܹΪ޳κ顣
Ͼ޳ҶҵĶ飬ʵ̫̫ˡ
޳ǲ⣬ȻԼѾҶôˣҲںٶһ
Ҷ޳Ժӣ޳ΧϢ޳ҪԼʲôôأ
Ȼ޳̯ʱҶʱɫΪ޳еһŻ顣Ļ飬ǿǼֵǰ
޴磬ǣ
֮ǰ
޳ƺһ黺ƮҶͷȻ󽥽ڻȫҶϣҶһѾ֮У𽥵ʧԼ֮УžԶת齥ӳãһֱҶǱʣ޴ܽ⣬žתų⡣
תԽԽѸ٣زҪ޳Ŀƣ޳ÿǷ컯һתʽȻǻϵߣɶȴž޴ĺô
ҶҶ޳뿪еɻ󣬵޳ΪҶֵزʱۿ΢죬޳İҶ䵱Լ˲ôͬʱҲڵǣ᲻өݵͻǽûʼյөݵų⣬ǿɾˡ
ʵҪģΪҶ䲢ûзөݡ


1970 
ڶһ磬ҶԼʵɵ˷ֱܵΪѾﵽڵĵزֱӿһ硣
ϢȻܿ촫ˣҶȥѰ޳ʱ޳ȴѾˡ
޳ſڣҶԼĶӣ¶ϲı飬а̾Լ֮ǰĵǶ׷ˣǵû໥ͻөݶһˣҲ˶
Ȼ벻һж޳Ҷ컯Ĺͣһ򾳽޵ľʵӵҲֻǻԣϾҶ֮лкܴһûб
Ҷ˵޳СӲӴ˰ӵģϼһ鷳Ѿνˣվߣ취޻ȥҵһھдˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ͻȻ޳֮ĹϵȻûֽΪĹϵ޲̫ܻ޳
ϵޣȴû뵽ϵˡ
ɭдСӣҵľȿԽԽˡ
޻ӣѾϼӵҰǲæϼҪ֣ܲܰһ£
ڲ𣿡
ûУȥˡ
ڻʹɫһ˵ˣ
ǵġ
޳ȥǵԭҶ޶֪Ȼ֪ԭ򣬿ǷǳԸ޳ӽģҲںڣԼҪ˵޳١
ò˵ҶΪʱͻȻ˵취ȥ޳˵Сˣȥ˵Ҫ޳֡
ȻǱ߾û˶Ҷ侪ȵؿ򣬾ͺԼһ㡣˵Ըϼ˵ʲôԭȥϼѲҲҪ޳
ҶһΣҲ֪ôˡ޳ǰޣ
޴Ļʹ޵סϼסźԶֵΪλԭѾû໥
ڵĳϼȥʱ˻ʹˣһЩʹеǿ߶Էֹ໥֮֡
ǻôδҲ̫СˣҲСϼ˼沢еâһź
ˣټ
ϼޣԶԶرӭӣȫûһҩζ
˼֮˵СѾһˣֱʹԺϼӿأٴߣҿˣû˿أҲ뿪
Ϊʲô
Сʩӷӡǲ˵ڷӡ⿪֮ǰи飿
ϼΪʲô˵飬ͷ˵ûΪ˱ڵΪ˸õӭӽˡ
޼˵ȥһˣմȾĸ飬ұشʹˣʼУܹܵʵ·ӡ
ѾһǿߣǶ˵Ҷΰץסʱᵢĺ£һӡԸƽʱû
ΨһĹͬ㣬ǱǶǳϵɰСݡ˵仰ʱϼϳɱ⣬۾׺ݵĿޣʵ˭
޳

ϼЦһҧ˵޳ǺҹȥңȻ֮һҪɱҲûá
Ц޳ǶźܴİһɱĻͲɸˡ
ǾҲɱ޳
ɱ޳ãǰɱ޳ã
ϼɫһͣͻȻЦѹңôһȦӲΪҪס޳÷ϣˣҪԼʲô鷳ЩҪ֣ɾ͹ֲˡ
޵ͷ˵Ǿɻ˲һеסˣӲȥ¡
Ǽ˱̶̼ʱ䣬Ŀ磬˵绹һսĳƺû񾳽Ȼҳ֮ΪսǼʶǳ
һЦ漴뿪
Ҫ˵սһսǿǻڵأ޹⣬ʱͬɽһߣ˵ͬһСվΧĸɽȥ˶η壬ɾսһꪣһ¾ͽˣʱǺݺݵ˦Χ۷ǿһĶ⡣
ŪԼļʶ޳һýζ˵һãһڲ裬Ҫ˵ȴһͬ
Ǻãи⡣
˿޳ǸµҲת´һ޳ʵҽĲʲô⣿
Ȼ˵ɽҪߣôôסڶѨ֮У֮ǰ˵սܼԼҵڶڻһս
޳仰˵ȫȻ˵ԼۿģǺ죬ܻϵĲһӣ˵СӸҳӡ
ɲڵϣȴˣͬͻȻʧһ㡣
٣˹ˡ
޳ϻҶҸԼʯھ֮еҲǣȻ粻ͬʹǧͬС죬ʮ죬ȴûаϢȻûпˣǿķ˿
һ壬ɻʵҲ뿴
ûҿǴһʱģĿҲе
޳һոҪ뿪ȴ˸ץסΪϼˣʱҪܵ˵ʵϵϢ˺ܶ࣬תͷ˿ȥ
һ꣬ʮ꣬ɫİ𪣬ȴֲİסʵҲѾǲˡ
޳ֻͷųһ˿ϢЩܲס޳æջϢʵʲô𣿡
Ҳ׷߰ɣ
޳ЦһԼҲǰɣǵ˵ͷ
ǲǵĹɣÿǹжǸʹȥһأ
ʹȥ
޳֮ǰҶ˵ʹ䱸жôɭϣҲֻСʱȥһΣ˻ڲԱ֮⣬ϽûǱϼӿأֻҪǿߣͱ봳ʹȥ
˿ǰ˲˵ѣɻ⹫ᵽʲô᲻Լģ
Ը񣬵пܻ顣
Сʵ޳˵ô
Ҽ룬Ҫʲô𣿡
ʲôҪпȥ໥һ¾ͿˡָָԶľ޴⽨ĺ̶ȽڲԶĻʹҽļߣվܹʹ棬Ҳ֪ܲܿ
޳ӿ϶⹫򵥣빫ᣬΪкܶƽգȴ뵽澹ŻĹӸ磬޳Ѿˣǵкûʲô


1971 Ÿ
޳һУ˵¸꣬˭
Ǹг¸굲޳ǰ˵λҪǹᣬҴġ
˵ȻûѹЩһֲںһóЦ˵ɲʲô˶ܽģ֮ǰǵø֮ûʲôˣԺڹῴ
޳ˣ˳òôȴˣ˧ͺԼʵﵽڵĵزҲѹֻš
޳ӣʵǰ·ĳ¸꣬˵˵ÿʮȥȥ𣿡
ûУĹǷɾÿʮһ飬˫ս´ԼսһʤˣһܹȥѡϾͿʼˣҲǣ˶Ѿѡˣȴһˡ
޳Ŀѵܹóҵʵ
ʵΪʲôѡң
¸ɫһ죬˵֮ǰʹҶҵʯˣҶҵҶɣ
޳һֱԼϢԿΪ̫ߣʹҶҶеʯ뵽ҶҷҶ䡣
ҲҶ䡣
Ҷҵˣ
ҶҵѣҲǰҶˡ
¸סû뵽ԼȻŪ˸޳Ǹȴ޳ˡ
ͣ¡
޳±ʣ¸˿ȴ޳ааһЦ˵Ѿˣøʲô
ͨ˿ɲܲμӣкöǿߣǶûǿߵĻɰ
ǿߣֻΪ˲ЩӸһЦ޳ɵøпȻĿʹǧǲͬǿ߶
Ȼ޳ûǿߺʹ֧ţһǿߣȻĵظ˵İɣ򾳽ѡ
¸ûɵĿ⿴޳ͬʱʵʲô֣
޳
޳Ϊп֪ԼִӶԼݣʧǣ¸ֻǴӦһûκ
ˡ
޳ս޳¼Լ˱־Ȼûᡣ
ò
޳ֻܿЦһһȥ˶¥¥˾˲٣ֻʣ¼ҿһǸӵܣɺһ¥ȴһȼ޳еȵǣʮоȻŮ󣬺ǾȻҲĿȷ˿
޳ĳ˴һ
¸꣬ǣ
޳
޳ѵ紫ķз޳
¸֮ǰȻ޳ϸоǿҪ޳ǸǿϵɵÿЦһ˵ҪͺˣǱʤɡ
޳ӣԼѵôһ֣
Щ˺Щȵǫѷ˺ܶ࣬һ⣬ԶһĮǲ԰׵ɫһ˪֮ƺ̲ʲô޳еľս
޳ʵ¸˵˭
Ÿ裬ȺоʵҲﵽ򾳽磬ֻƢ̫ãΧҲûˣԾͼˡȰ㻹ǲҪ̫Įǽӽͻе
޳ͷԹŸǸȤΪŸ̲صȻͬȴͬĸоӡ
޳ָܿоԴȫΪǸӡܹʹͬһӡҲƽ
żңʵΧˣ˵ʮйż𣿡
Χǿһ㿴޳ʮĿ˲֪˲û뵽ڳǰһʮЩ嶼֪ˡ
¸Ҳ̫ˣ޳һߣ˵żҲʮģʲôĻֱҾͿˡô򵥵ĳʶ㶼ᣬǡ
޳Цһʮ˲٣ʮ徿Щֲ塣ͻȻ޳ɫһ䣬ΪղŸܵһɵ⣬ԴǹŸ衣
޳Щףǲô򵥡
Ҫһºſʼ޳ûгᣬ˴Ҫ֪鹤Ȼ˶鹤˽⣬˵Ļ֮ˣûһܹ˵
޳пһϢǱη壬Щ˶η鹤ĳԱҲǣӵܣһ˷ˣϵĶ鹤ţ鹤Ȼͳˡ
Ȼǹķ˿ᣬڿѾȫˣΪ˸үŸݵĳȻܹĻٿЩүļһôǿѲϼ֮һ
޳ͻȻʶҲǲܣϾھǣ˭޺ϼأ
뵽ϼͻȻʶԴӴǳɭֳ֮󣬾ȻҲûԼ鷳Լƻϼô飬ȻһֱûԼ鷳⵽Ϊʲô
ȻʹС
ص£޳Ѿ鹤ᣬ֮ûʲô
鹤ᣬ޳ǶһأͲµһ鹤֮УһҺ޶ǵļһ޳ߺߣรɣ
ȻϼѾ֪޳ϢȻҲǣһǰԼĳ·Ц˵¼ѡս
·Цܵһ㣬˵ܱܲͻȻ˵ôֲĻ⣬ֻһɢˣֵܵɱҳϡ
ô˵վڣ
վǱߡ
޷·֪𰸣ӣûط£ֻÿЦһ˵ˣˡ
·Ц˵Ҳذҷϣ˾ҪԼʵȡûλһվߣʤȯգһ㾺˼ûˡ򷢸ɵ촽˷ܵĿޡ
һΰ¹ȥˣ޳ڵҹ䣬ôľѾ˺ü飬Ȥζ·ߣͻȻǰ洫һ޵ĺ
ǻҹ䣿
޳󣬳ǰ濴ȥһͨĽֵ޵ԽԽСȷȷʵʵܿȥæµˣŷ顣Ϊ޵ϢС޳ǿͨ˵ͬһ㡣
ô᣿
޳˰죬ͻȻ׹Լû޾ȴڵϣڵ¡
Ȼ޵ΧһڣϸѰΧڿһΪԦիԺӡ
һͨԺȴӽ򾳵ǿţɼԺټԦի֣޳Կ϶Դһйء
޳ҪȥȴסȻǹۿ˵ͣ޳Լʯһó˶ʱɫæЦӭҽ޳ﵽԦիڲ
ֻһͨСݣȴûʲôҾߣһ̨Χӣӣ޳ԸܵǱźöŮ˵ϢûһΪǿģ޳ɽ䱸ʵҸøʲô
µ


1972 ޳
޳ܵͷų̨ǰ˱Ϊ޳ֻһͨĹӸ磬ȴû뵽ôòˣȻӵ򾳽ʵΪ޳ϢĲŵӡ
æ˵Ϣŭµֻһ˵ʵϾȥңΪ֪ĹأԲš
֪޳ʵﻹҵ޳æСèӿˡ
ϰСèĻŮһɶˣ׷˿ʲôȻСèź
ܿ죬һŮӴĻĽСʮ˾꣬ԲԲĸɰټĴ۾޳΢
ԵЩɬͿܣ޳ֿܸ֮Ȼ˺ܶࡣǰ̨ЦСèټϲĿ˰
Сèɫһ죬޳ߵһǰ棬޳տʼΪֳҪ뿪СèţܵǿʱĽС
Щ˶ϲǿƯŮ˶𣿡
޳룬仰Ҳĵǵ˵ͷ
˵ãħĿ񻶵ѡȥЩһ棬ȥϯ
СȻ֪޳ǿԱܹԼ޳Ȼǳ޳
ҵһƼһ°ɣ
кܶ־ͬϵˣϯֻǰ˵ãҪŮܣûһŮˣΪֻͬϷͬѡСèɫһ죬ӵ˵ȻҲԶһˣƾϲˡ
޳ӺèϸеǳŤĸоԼһУȴҪƷ񿴼ĵˣȴҪò﹤
Ȼ֪СèһʲôŻߵһ޳ȴúˣľǵһõĹ˿ͣҷĵʹ
ɣҲֻʲôطѡ
Сèȵؿ޳Ϊûһ˻ֵסջء
ΪʲôСè
ʱ򣬴һèŮװǾͽСèˡ
޳ȵĻͷСèĳ࣬ȷʺװ硣ϯķ䣬ֻһųΣȻŸ󷨣޳߹ȥ£ǰľ󲻽һ졣
Ϊʲôֽˡ
Ѫ棬ҰԣСè˸ԼĲˮѪɫģƯݺɢѪζ˸ķС
ƽһ֮ŷ֣ԭⶫ˵ǵѣҲӿ졣
޳ǰǸ޴ϴʵǿߣҳǿķһڵǿ߶ԸǼѣ޳ȴһվ̨Ϻ޶Կ

޳𾪣û뵽Լˡ
Сè޳Ļ˵ʶ
Ÿ裬Ƕ鹤ġ
鹤ĸ֣ԭ޳е𾴣ɽСèֻʣĹģ޳һЦ̾Լֱˣֵط鹤ĹӸӦþɡ
ô룬㿴һЩżһԼ鹤ǺŮϷӣɵøеһ
鹤ĹӸ統Ʒζأ޳Ŀȥ㽫ĿתƵŸϣŸڣԸ޲ΣգҪʤȴҪһΪʲôأ
ڸʲô
޶ԾСèżʹ޳ȵĻͷСèʵио
Сèɫһ죬Ҳش
ͷǿ󣬵ǶŸֵԼƣ̨Ϻ޿ʼսⳡսʱҲδ̫ˣһʱȥʣ޼ûжɱ֡
Ȼǹ֣սķʽͶļɻ޳Щ棬ˣ۾һĶŹŸ裬ߵСèˡ
޳ĹŸ裬а̾ʱý˰ɣٲĻľᱻɱġ
ȻʼʹɱУϵķӡ·𱻴򿪣һɺԭʯͷĵϺ£Ǳ˱޽Żڵϣ͵һ𣬷Լ޷ʱһϻƹһǳ˵ۿ޾ҪˣǵСèһһǽڹŸǰ޵ס
ȻʱŸȫѹޣȴ޷ƺԴԴϵģֻһ
޳һа̾ԭǹŸ֮еķӡҲ֪ķӡ⿪֮ʱǲҲ˵Կơ
ⳡսʤѶȻŸ軹ڲϵӣˡ
Ǳĸ߳µ˶壬Ÿ裡
Ÿ衣
Ÿɫǹ죬ϲִ
ͻȻŸ۾͵ؿߣ޳Сèһгɱ⡣޳СèЦ˵ǲʲôˣ
ȻһЦȴŸ迴һ˵ЦǷŭ˫۶Ѫɫ޳ϸܵϢϢһޣһޡ
ôӣ뿪ˡСèżĶ޳˵޳ȴվһΪףԼʱ뿪ҲѾˡ
Ϊ󷨵ƣԲ֮ôսὫ©⣬˵ˣɹԱȴʱųƣ󷨴򿪡
ЩԹŸ޵˷ǵûк£ڸߺ˷ܵùŸѡǹŸ˭ûѡһԾ޳Ĺϯϣϯϵķ󷨣ֱӱһȭơ
Сè޳ǰѵŸ裬һ㡣
ĺһôûУùŸøӿ񱩣һ۳СèȥСèʱŵһ󷢶ΡΡ˵Ÿ쵰
ڸʲôȥɲȥҪСѵӡ
ԭ󷨴򿪵ʱʳµҪСѣѹЩһ޿ֵӣҪǱǿŸʱ͸ŷˡ
ι
޳Ҫ͹ŸԻȴû뵽Ÿץס·һӣԼͱڿУ뱩¶ԼʵҪҸط£ԼǿߵݣȴŸͻȻǰ͵س޳һߣʱһ޳ֱˤ̨ϣһ浹ҲǽʵӦñզҸӵĵֻһۣ޳ˤò㴭
Ϊû󷨵赲һСè֮ڵϵ壬˳صһֻǣԼ
ղʲôƺǸ˰ɣ
ӦһˣŸ轫һôˤڵϣѵķˣ
ЩӸʵǶôǿ󣬿ûƵĹŸ裬ʱ˿־壬Ҫ뿪뷨Ȼ͵˻ҵʱһӰӳнվɢ¶޳һ˷ܵݡ


1973 ˫л
ﵽ׷ʲôˣ
Ÿ跢˱ߣƺǿϯСèˡ
𣿡
ʮ˴Ҵҳűȥ޳͹ŸվڳмţԱߵĹŸ裬޳ƽϸֳ˷ܵЦݣɵ˻ɣǲǱղһˤԼˤɵˣ
ߵǹ̨ϵˣ˵ʵҲϣҵǿǻǰΪá
أʮĴҶȻǴǱСආﱻɱҲû˸˵ʲôϾԼģҪ뽲ȥϼӣһܷ뿪ӰǵҲǣһˣЩ˿սżһ֮սǻպ𱬵Ķࡣ
仰ߵһһʲôǡ
ҷģҪţʵǸҰŵһݣۿ˵仰֮Ǳֽ޳Ҳܹܵ󷨵ļ̲ѷɫԼҵ󷨣Ҳͷ˼֣ҷſֺ͹ŸС
ǣµ˺ܿ㷢޳ûûʹκֿȭԹŸ裬ֻ˻ôһɵӣڶֱǴˣŸ֮˽Լ
ȴ벻ϻһˣܹܹԸǿߣ޳ˣŸ迴ȷʹ÷ӡԵޣм͵ޣΪ࣬ôᱻ⻺Ķס
֮Ÿͷų޴ĺЩ޳Ч޳ϾǷ컯ߵĹǱ֮ѹƣ޳ȴһ취ûС
ôܣûͷųһȴܹŸƵֵز
µһˣΪǰһִվ̨ϵǲսʤģһܹɱԼЩˡ
ΣյϢ
ҲǿߣΪ˱µЩӸ磬ǿ޳ӣһɵñɫΪỹôǿʵˣֻ˵һ޳ЩĿɲֻ޳޳ϼӵĳӣ޳޻ӵˣҪ޳õʱΪ֪ŹŸ
ҿ뿪
ү뿪֮ǵ̻ؼңǳΣա
˿˶ˣϳ۵ɫ̾ôһôСһǿ𣿡
һǿߣǴ˵е޳
޳޻Ǹųս£
û
Χ˶ŵҪȴη壬ǳ˷ܵ˵˵Ҫ޳ɱϼӻҶٽ
˼ǣ
ǸųҵҪϵ޵Ϲ֮£޳λܹ
ǣ
Ҳ׼뿪ɣ

ɵѽѵΪǸܹܵס̣ڽ֮ǰ͵϶ԼȻϽȥ
һ˾ٵÿֻмֵǿߣȻ֪ԼڼվĸӪûյԸǿɲ׳֣ΪʲôҪ뿴һ´˵еս񵽵׶ôǿ
ʵϴЩ׼뿪޳ϵЩﻹԼʵֱϢϽŸѹסŸϵķӡ޳Ҳ֪ôӹ̣ľ취ŸŪΣҪŪλҪ˺Ÿ裬̸ס
޳ѹŸѹ£ùŸ޷ʱͻȻһУһ޴ķ޳ԼֻѾﵽ۷ʵҲͰˣɵŸϷǴ˿ֵĹŸϢԽԽǿվȻҲ۷塣
һͬʱ۷ǿߣ޳֮ǰҲûйǺ֮ǰͬһ޳ȴеΣУΣдӹŸϴƺûȫͷųԼͷų֮ǰƷ
޳ûзӦ͸оΧˮԪطٵĳԼһ룬㱻һ޴ıǿȿɲѷɫǶ޳˵δҲ̫Сˡһصһ죬Ĵҽ󷨽סûв档
Ȼ㲨Ҳû£ϾЩʵСļһﶼѾ뿪ʣµЩǿȻܹ޳˽֣ɱⱻһǻܹġ
Ȼֱˣ׶ôǿ󰡣
Щ˿ܹܵЩļ̣޳ʵӸе𾪡
һУϸСڿΣһȳеı޳ȥ޳һ˲Զսڿһһ޴ķѨԼǰЩȫˡ
ѨҶҶŵʽ˵޳ȳֵĵطҶңഫҶ˽صǿߣΪ˱Բñ֡ǷǷǣʵʵûҶˣô֪ʵأ
ҶҵĲȻһѧȥʹǿҶӲܣ˵ҶҺ޳ĹϵǶôС
ѨҲܹ˲һܺõĻܼܣҪĻͨķѨɲУ޳սһ˦һεķѨűȥҲΣգæҪ뿪ɶǳһǷѨ˲ѱȸϣҽ󷨸˺һӣеǲС
Щ໥һۣӶԷжļɵȻԸղŵһУ˭ܶù
˲Լͬ˰ף㵽ΪȫĵطǱߵս
Ȼ޳ͱսͬʱŸҲ޳ǰҪ޳սÿһȭ׺ǿȻĹȴ޳һһ⣬ȷǿ󣬿Ƕ޳˵ٶδҲ̫Щ
޻мˣֹŸԼȫֻһӣҪĿԼ͸Լ壬Ÿ谭ͷܴܵӰ졣޳Ҳû뵽ŸΪһ޻ôĻ͵һԾת컯ԼʧȵԶԶؿȥϾȻһ
ûͣЪĻᣬǰ·𻯳һֱֻײ޳壬Ҵ޳峯ſзȥȻݺݵײڷϡ
һ֮ǿ󣬾ֱӰ޳ڷ󷨵֮С
Ȼ󷨶ˣʵҲ̫˰ɣ޳ûˣؿҪᴩˡ
Ǹпֻǿȳջعʱȴ޳û߹Ƕ˺üؿһ޴ֲѪûǽг
ʵϲ


1974 ӡ
˿ڲ̶ֳȵʹ޳ϰˣҲûʲôƯڿУ컯ȫתΧĿرûһǴ޳ϸܵµϢ׷¶ɫѵ£޳зİ취
нһɫĳߣſ񱩻ȵϢⳤߵĿֲ󣬾ͷ·ȵ̫һ㡣ǣȫʱȴоֻ۳ɵʵ壬ûһΣոС
һߡ
޳Ԫ̬ͽͬȵȼĹûùôҲףĹȽԪΪΪ񱩵Ȼǿ֮
ʲô
ѵҲ似ֻǽ۳һߣ
Ϊ񱩵ǳԣǽһжòʹǿҲῴһߵǿ
޵Ȼ࣬ǵĸоǳһ߸ոճ֮ʱ㿴Ÿͱ￪ʼ궯֮ǰķŭǶ޳־壬ǿ޳ɫһֺõĸо
ʾΧǿǿˡжռϷΪʲô޳ʾѲһԼû۲Ķ
˵޳ǿ󣬿ɰ޳һڵǿߣȻΪڵǿߣʹõʽЩ̶ȵǿôܿ
еʲôأ
һ̲סѯˣɵΧ˵ʱŷ֣˭ûпһʲô
ͻȻ߶ˡ
Ҳ֪ʱˣߵƶ˻˭ȥĹȴ˲ͻ˱ķһʧ֮ǰŸ͵ӵУ˲䣬ö˱ĹɱȴһĻɽ̿ȫˮԪѹҲûô
ôܣ
ôģǵѵǽ
ҿ쿴߲ûʧ
̧ͷߣնɱҲֻһ߱ɴмϿںߡ
֮ϣҲ߸ɣΪһֱ߼ͬʱӴ֮ϣȫ֮Уǿ󷨾ǽرɣȫʧ
޳ڴϢţʽԽǿԽ޳Ҳû뵽ԼȻĵ̶ֳȣźߵľ޴΢ЦȻǿ󣬿Ԥ֮С
ѾɵˣֻʣһŸ裬޳ȻܰɹŸɱŸһ㻰ҿ񣬷Ҫ޳ɱ޳ǹŸе󷨣ʵǿ˵زﵽ򾳽磬ľ˾޴ֻ»䵽ƵĽ֡
Ѿԣ޳ȭͷʵڲеĻԼֻôˡ

Ÿһ彥屻غҴĺȣһͬǹһ㣬ӲؾȻǲ嶹һСң۾Ǻɫ֮⣬ǱҲֵĺ㣬۾
ʱԶĿߵС䣬ԱΪÿ춼Ҫһ޴ЫӣЫӲֻͬȶûβ͡ʵѾ꣬һֱ϶ɢ΢Ĺâǻһ㡣
ÿһζһᣬȲôǿһβͬǿǻǴӶʮǰʮǰ˵جΣ£ԭȵ̫ͻȻ仯ôůһУһ˲䱻һһ£ѹʱ򣬱ֱԭӡ
Щ˿ʼֻѲɱҪˣƽжϰǧ긴һΣΪʲôڲŹ˶ʮѡ
۷ʵ
˿ޣɵøе𾪣ȻŸ֮ǰѾ۷ʵͬ۷壬֮ǰȴͬ
޳ҲǴһѲɹŸѾķӡ
ΪԷһ޳һڰ׿⣬ǰһ޴ͣԵĶǹŸ衣
޳Űٷ֮ٵİܹŸɱ֪ܲɱɵĹŸ裬Ҫ֣⼸֮С
ŸصҲǿǱ֮Ϊս޳Ҳ˰ɣ޳ԥʲôһùŸ豩ߣ۶ܵӰ졣
ĹŸѾȫʧȥǣΪȫƾ޵ķʽıܷӦôһȻסܵ棬ô޹ˡ
ЩҲЩģѾʼ޳ˡ
޳ȴǸЩ֡

ûԹ޳Ȼ֪һĿֲ޳ҲԥҪҪ䣬Ϊû󷨵ıһǴо޴ĻԣֻǵϵǾĪĵ
ȻʱСèȴ嵽̨ϣýСͼס޳˿µĹ޳СèҲǴоȣû뵽СèȻôϾСͬʱҲΪСèģϾŸѾ֮ǰĹŸˡ
λӣŸһλᣬֻҪڣһָʶġ
޳ָŹŸ裬ʱʵѾŸһᣬŸӴ֣޳Լ̣ŸһʶûУСè֣Ǿ͹ֲˡ
ڡè
޿ң۾ССӰһȻ̧ȶ׼Сèĺ󱳣·ʱСèɱûôǱڻ¶ĹŸ壬ĹŸѾԹȥƴһ˿ʶĿȨɹĽڵѹ
ŸٴʱѾˣ˶೤ʱ䣬Ҳ˵ΨһǵõԼ޳Ȼ۾֮ǰСè
޳Сè
ͻȻ޳ڹϯϺСè˵ЦԼһʱе鶼ǵˡ
ѵַ𣿡
ӣͻȻϸеһ˺ѷεʹͷһԼȻ֣һޱȣȻ޵ʱ䲻̣ɴԼôัã⻹ǵһΡ
̾˿¶һ˿ϧɫȻϲ޳ǿߣԼδҲ̫ϧˡȻսɱ޲ɱ飬ʵǵһ
ǿ϶ѪȵһĻèΪˣԺҸôԺèŸ̾һΪԼѾ޳ɱˣϾԼʱǿ󣬾ǿ߶Լ֣޳ôܹ
ô룬ͻȻűˣһ˽Ѿ·ڴϵ˵ôˣ


1975 ֮
ôˣ
޳Ÿոմ˯ĹŸ裬۾𾪣·Լǰһô˾ȵ顣
޳ɵ̾˿˵֮ǰ㶼
Ÿͷһյӣ˵ǣ
Ҽҡ

ȻŸ跢ԼûԼǳ޳ԼǺ޳ôᱻ޳
Ϊʲô
ֻ޳ҲΪʲôСèŮѣСèɸеߣ˵ʲôҲùŸס޳ŹŸѯʽŸΰõʱһԼԼ޷Ÿס޳ˡ
޳ĵĽ˵һ飬ɹŸ軹һŵӣ޳Щգ˵Ǿһе󣿡
Щķз޳ôܵסҵĹŸȻ֪ӡԼжôǿһȫͷųǿ˸е𾪵ֻ⿪طӡҲһܹԸ˵ġ
һ㣬źܳš
޳ܵСèϢڿ˵Ȼ㲻ҵĻܸСèĻɣ˵˵ʱ򵽵׷ˡ
Сèո¶ͷ㿴˶Լɵɫһ죬޳˵޴ˡ
ǸԦիôˣ
СèǲٻصԦիȥ㹤ʣ˳۲һԦի
Ѿˣ˵޴Ĺ˷󷨣Ȼһ󷨵ĻѱǲСҲȫǳս֮󷢿ˣƺܵӡ󡣡Сèĵؿ˹Ÿһۣ˵ǶŸϢŻˡ
ޱŵ÷񣬹Ÿ̾˿ǷӡĹûʹùȴһָоǱ֮ǰ״̬ǼޣԼøǿԼһʹóǾԼƲסˡ
СèһĽŸŸ޳֮ǰ˵ĻЩĮϹ𾪶֣޳˵㵱׳֮⣬ƵԼҳԷֱ𣿡
޳˵ͷ
Ÿг˶޳ĳݡ
㲻ʮ壿
֮ǰ޳ͿˣԼ˵ʮʱ򣬴ӹŸϴԵĵ⣬ȻΪվ⣬ʮ壬޳е
Ÿ貢û̻ش𣬶ǿСèСèʾ޳ǿŵˣŶ޳˵֮еʮ֮һĺ£ʹ÷ӡӡҵڡ
ӡ֣޳һıԼңԼҵ󷨺ҵķӡҲҲײ
޳ϸһ룬רעǷӡ󷨣е󷨣ҵɣ
ʹ޵һ⣬ǰܹʹ߿ƣҪǺ͹ŸһĻǾǱ״ˡ
Ÿ迴޳ʽеȺͬжʱŭ˵֪޷ӡԼڣŪԼ˲ˣ޲޵Ƕôܣ࣬ȴԴ֮µҴӺ˳Ǳ
޳ĿŹŸ裬˵Ǳ鹤Ԧիôʮеˣѵ±˽ߺң
һ㲻õģȻҲͰ࣬ʮʵǲȴǲ£ǱоӡԼʵԺٵĻĿǿļ塣
ԺԽǿ佱ԽǱԺҵļɵ޳ȴ˼֮СȻ£Ǳ˵һϼˡ
޳Ȼû˵ԼվߣҶһģȻԼذҶ䣬ȻҲͻޣԶպǱڵѣ޳ɲ
޳˵ͷʵȻԼݣ߻Сè飬Ϊʲôȥμ鹤ᣬⲻǹԼ¶ǰ𣿡
޳飬Сè͹Ÿ֮ĸԲ飬һһΪ˲˺Сè𷴿΢ĿȨһԣΪʲôҪȥ
ŸԥĿ޳˵Ҳܸ㣬ҾԲΪ˹òΪУСèɰģƯģȻŮˣαȥҹأ

޳˶ӣֱȻŸ貢û˵˼Ȼں氵ָʾô
޳Ҳ޷ǶûҪŸݺΪˣűŸһʹȥǸʱ˲ʲôı¶ɣ
޳û뵽ǣŸСèʧȥ˹ȻֱסԼȻ˵Ҫƽ̯⣬޳ںǮ
һԶСԼǰƣ޳Ҳпʼʱ⡣ϣӦ÷ֱģϧҸոսĿ磬һвϤĳ࣬ôֲᷢĿĹ
鹤޳ԽԽÿȻҲԼС֮У¸껹˵Ů˶Լкøأ
޳ǲںҲʼ¶ԼݣȻûʮͳˣһܹóӽ򾳵ǿߣЩ޳ʵ̫ˣҲѹûԸ顣
ԶĹŸ裬ŸڹӺɱֳһĮɫ޳Ҳٺ˵ʵһصŸ򿪻ϻӣСèϲĽߵһΧĮĵӣȴ鶼ÿοŸӣ޳еǺЦ
ҪʼˣһǾȥ⣬רŵı
⣿޳еû֮£ǿ֮սźܴƻԣЩ˴󲿷ֶΪߣСĲһ¶ѱ
޳⣬ƯŵĲʱʱе𾪣Ϊǵһμ۷ǿߡȻ֮ǰѾһֻ𵱳ڴԵ޳ʵûһʶǰ۷ǿߣʵʵڵģϵϢ˸еļ£޳оԼ۷ǿȫһС
޳ֵͬʱǸǿҲ漴ĿתƵϣ޳ʱоԼɨһ飬ƺûжܹӵù۾
ֻϧ˲ûпı飬һᷢǸǿ߶ʵǶôľȡ
ⳡҲǿߣվڿУķЧָ˺ܿҵԼλá
޳Ҫ֪鹤ᱳݵ˭ȴûг֣ҲǣϾԤѡѣʮ֮ѡʮ飬ʮǿ֮սǿ㡣
޳űĶԼȴٿΧ˴ǿߣʵҲ̫ˣ


1976 Ŷ
Ϊ޳ļ룬ԼⷽǿģϾǿߣŲٶֻǿߣЩ˲ġ
޳͹Ÿһֱûʵ˻ΪԼֻⷽһǿߣ¶һģ
¸ҲεĿ޳û뵽޳ûдǿߣһ˶ûУѲҪ
ȻŸҲһɳ¸ɲҹܹŸ顣
޳ǿأ
¸ɻĿ޳ֻǳ¸꣬ƽ޳Ϊܹǿĸء
޳ٺһЦ˵ֱϳҲ𣿡
¸˵ԵǿԣʵϳҲûʲôôԼΣա
޳˵ͷԳ¸˵ֻҪܹУҲˣҲУǻйŸ𣬶԰ɣŸ裿
ˡµĴ
ʮ˲䰲ȵĿ޳͹Ÿ裬޳һͬ飬Ÿʵǿ֪ģЩӸ綼ҵŸ裬޳ȻùŸ赱ơ
Ԥ֮еĿ籩겢ûǹŸ޳һۣѯʵǿԱԲμӣ԰ɣ
¸ڹϳԱˣԴӼ빤֮󣬾ͺٺ͹Ÿ˵Ψһ˵仹ǹŸ֮ŸȻѯԼʱܳͰȻǻػ
ûû
ŸֱͣվǱߡ
Ȼֻһ仰ѣȴó¸죬һȺ޳ֲŵɫûеȥСѯʵ޳ʲôʱ͹Ÿôˣ
˵޳һԹŸ֪ܵסԼĺģͷ̧ͷϵܲ
޳ûôش𣬶ԹһίСϱ
¸ҲûйѯʣǴȥǩǰʮıУرǵһ֣رҪֻжԷûǿߣ߷ܶһ»ܻԷǿߣǿɾһϣûˡ
¸ȻԳ¼ҵһּңΪȴһȺһˣ˱ȥǩⱻƲ
¸ڽǩ֮ǰԼ͵һۣɾһۣʱеΪԵĶ֣Ȼǡǿߡ
ѵһֶ
ô
˷ܵΧȥҪ¸ϵֽǳ¸޳ߣֽ޳ɿ˵㽫˵ɣҪĻشҶٻһЩ
仰һ¶ѿɫѾԸܵԳ¸ɱĵ⡣޳ν˿ںҵĺݼڡ
һº룬Ȼǵڶʮĺţһʮ飬ڶʮúͶʮŶսҲǵһغһ
ѹҲͰˣ˿ŵڶʮŶ飬ǿߣһڣȥǿߣʣµҲǽӽ򾳽磬׵׵ѹ
˷׷׸еһȴ˻ͷЦ޳һ۾ݺݵصΪǷ޳˵ƺ
ⶼк޵ݡ
¸̾˿ȻԼⷽѾʤĴˣֱܣһɵᡣ
ܿͿʼˣһûʲô㣬ǿս޷Ǳһѹûʲô㣬ôһһϳֱͶûö೤ʱ䣬㵽޳һ顣
ˡ
޳վŸߣ˵òҳ֣
֮ǰŸ޳޳ڳѡʱҪ֣ɱʹã޳Щ벻
Ȼ˵ѡǰʮѾ鲻òμӳѡѾвԱ򾳽磬ʵ͵ҲڣҪǲμӳѡǰǵġ
⼸鶼ǼԱһǳ¼ңһԼңһңЩӲǺƽһ֦㣬ȴһ飬ѲΪѾˣЩ嶼Ͳסˣ
Щ岻μʼս鹤ѡǰ֮ٺЩս鹤ѡֺܶ඼ǹӸ磬Ǻмֵ֧Щأδ˲١
Լң޳һЦа벻֪»᲻ⳡԼҺ޳ǺԵ֣˵ԵһʼĿΪǺ˵ҶͲˣϼӵˣҾԼҵˡ֮ҶΰȥԼҰȱԼңǽǳɭҲԼҵˡ
˶Ϊһս԰ȫĴսǹؼЩĿǼΨһǿߣҪսˣǶԼ˵ǲСʧҪü֪ԼǼүҲԲʲôùӳԡ
¸Ҳһߵ޳ַƵʣͺԼѾӮһ㣬⵹ó¸΢ƽһЩж޳һ޳ʵĺǿܹܾ߳֡
Ȼ
޳һϳվ˵棬ǹЩ˱Լһ㡣˵ϵЩˣ·ĳ¸Ҳ޳ĳ嶯
ͬԼŸԵö࣬ǵվǰ棬Ȼ˻һξ룬ͺһ˵ǰʮһ㡣
ɣ
¸꿴ˣһСһΪʮǿߣǿߣǿߵҲᱻ˲ܰɣ
һǿߵȷ̰ǹŸ費ᣬҲϻֱӴԼĵһطӡŵϢηһվڿУԷʮ˾Ȼÿһǰһ
Ÿ費Ǹո̤򾳽Ϊʲôôǿ󣿣
Ÿĸǰ̤򾳵ģ̶ĸµĹ򣬾㹮̾綼ôǿߣ
ǵǣұƵǲ£
˲ΣյϢ׿ҲͰˣǿôܹˣ໥һۣԼͬĳŹŸȥһǿĽۿҪŸ迳飬ȴֹûеŸǰǺڹһʧڿС
ֻǳϿеĳǿߣ˭ûп޳Ķʹһ˲˲佫ԼתƵŸǰͬʱΪڿһһѨ֣ȫ֮ٽѨٵͬʱʹһ˲ԼһطԿǹƾʧһ㡣
Ϊ޳Ĵʵ̫ƽԼֵͷӴȺתƵұߣ˳¸֮˭ûз֣ܳ¸ѾˣҲֻһΪԼˣ۾˵ôʧˣ޳ʲôʱȥǸطģ
Ÿ趯ҲǡʵʣɢźâڿгͣƣŶȥͬˮöԷֲ


1977 չ¶â
ǿߺܿ㿪ܹȥЩ򶼲ܹȥһֱŸ趼Ǻսֿÿִ磬գһֱӽӽǿ߶Ǹǿߵ壬ֱӱɫӲһѪû
ⳡû˵㵽ΪֹֻһأͶԺͲܹ޷֮ʱʧˣһʼͶսǻǵһοһɵñɫ
˵ףЩһЩˣǳҲα塣
ûдﵽ񾳵һɫҪȴֲϣǿߣڻû׹ŸôԼĹġ
ŸˮϵȽ̬תɱ֮Ǿˡ·ᣬǿڲСһʹóǿʽ
ֻйŸһ˵ĻԸЩѣ߻һǿ߼ս޳һ͵͵Ը˻ֵ
¸ǿʹõľϵϢ಻ǾĲݾ޳Ҳе졣ͬǿߣʽʹúͶԵһ˵ǿ޳ȻҲܹʹľϵɺȣֱһһ¡
ŸĿȻǺܺãǿ໥˶Էȱ㣬Ծ޳֣ⳡսҲӮˡ
¸Ҳⳡսƣȴɶ޳ĵеһվҲͰˣﻹҪʱʱȥҡľȻܿ޳ĶֱӰ޳ڵҡ
սĺ棬ѾѹƶԷ޳ҲĴһԿϷȫעڹŸϣΪŸϵܸһֿ͸ĸоܵѾŸʹóӡ֮󣬾޳ҲԸˣǸоֹˡ
սʱԽŸĿԽԽڴȫǱܷӦ֪Ÿڷӡʲôޣָо޾ԲһıϵޣǳѪа죬޳Ѳһ۷ޣŸʵҲǴﵽ۷壿
ǽ⿪ӡƲסӡȫ⿪ôŸ㲻ǹŸ裬ӡˡ
˵Ԥϣ˭û뵽ǳͨĶ飬Ȼܹսʤǰ򾳽Ķ飬Ǹû뵽սȻֵĲһǿͨǿˣһ˵
ΪûҪ˭˵ʲô飬ȴǼУһЩǿĶ飬Ҳļɵ
ү㿴ǸǲǵԦիսļһû򾳽ͿԺ򾳽Կʵﵽ򾳽磬ֻǲĶְǿΪԼ棬Ǵ򲻹ҲҪӲϣǣŸս֮ие־壬ҵֶ֣ԲźƤԼү䡣
Ȼ֪ŸʵСүʲôԼǿ߾Ȼӣǵ⣬һЦ
ϣɶǼ֧ôĵرȥûκ谭Ϊ˾Ҫʱְһ£ھʱǵΣҪӣԵǼ𣿡
ǸϵˣʱɫҪ˵Щʲôǰֻ֪꣬̾˿
˳ȴڰ룬ԼжǸѾˣȵⳡǲҪһˡ
ϧûлˡ
ΪʱѾں֮УûаϢ޳ҲҪֹŸ裬ȴһŸԼȻҲôʹʽ֮ǰˣսʤǱĵ־
ڵһıѾˣ޳ǽǰʮ֮ڣǱߵĹŸҲƽϢ
ôˣ
޳üͷ˵ǰй𣿡
ʱսĻȷе㷦ǲ岻ܿƣҺָܿе鷳ǵûлָǸӵҪսҪʹ
޳仰һǣǺ⿪ڶӡйأʵңǲǳӡ֮⣬һӡ
Ÿ迴޳۾۾֮еļᶨеɢа룬֮£Ҳ޳˭
һ㣬ǸҾҲܽҿһӡֻΪʱʹʱ򣬲ſʹá
޳󣬻ʲôȹŸҪҪ
Σ򵥵İ취ùŸ費ʹ˳ⳡӴԺͨ˵
޳֮߹Ÿ裬ɹŸȴҡͷܾ˵㲻˵Ҳףֻʱӻұɵʱ䣬ҪĽѣⳡսҾͱμӣһҪʤ
Ÿ賯ŵ۶ȥһ˿
Ǹ˸˵ֻҪȥͽҳ׷ӡİ취
Ǹˣ
Ÿ轫۾תûн˵޳˼޳һǱԼǿԹŸŻ˶
ûϾŸ̫ĹǣǲܽСè¶ڷ֮еġ
ΧǶԹŸɳɵΪŸӮսǼɵӼ
޳ڹŸ˵ȽϺ˵һЩѾ˴ˣԼǰ޳洫ķзս޳
˲ԼͬӵĿ⿴޳Ȼ͵ҡҡͷ޳һɵӣôǿߡ
¸ҲһĽĿ޳ʵ޳ʲô磿
ڡ
ⲢûʲôģϾ޳ʵɲþ֡ȻԶڵٵö࣬ɲһʵǶΪһֱûгֵ޳۷壬Ǹ߾أ
սϣʤˣƾ޳͹ŸˣһټǼļǿߴһԸⳡսʤȵء
¸ĻǱҪμӱǿһɫǿǴϿ˹ŸĴ򷨣ֱǵѲ֣ҪԼ˴һԲֻ֣ǻûдԷ·ԼǱŸɱˡ
˿Լǿ߷һɫøѿ
¸겢ûΪ޳ݶ޳裬Ǻ֮ǰһ޳˵ټʱʱ鹤Ἧϣ͹Ÿƺһ·ģǾˡ
޳˵ͷ뿪Ż߳᳡Ҫ˵˽ںʲôµĶһʱܷߵĹŸ裬ڶǿ۷ǿߡ
һ뷨ǿڻңϾҶҶû̶ֳȵǿߣһĻվĿ綥˵ĻңбĲ޼ʥء


1978 ·Ц
ʱܿͻȥһĵصڳ⣬ȴ󷨵ķԶⳡսĻǲᱻӰ쵽ģ󷨵ÿɲֻôһ㣬ܹͨҲܹԶ뿴ս档
޳֮ǰȻ鹤սпͷ֮⣬һӯģʽǮ⣬˭ôɵҲʹ¸ҪۿⳡսҪǮ¸˵޳ĺö౶ʲôһһ
ֹˣ볡ĵطһעĵطׯȻ鹤ᱳ췽һĽˣһ޳
ľҲûΪ۸İһֱϯĿһʢ¡
޳֪ҶǶôĳ谮һŪĿ䶯һ˿ѣȴ˵۶ҪֻΪʲôǴпȥ˸УֻΪԼֿ
һ˿治٣кܶˣ˻ӹϯϿϤӰһҶ䣬һȻǹᡣ
Ҷ͹ῴ޳㳯¸꿴ҶԼݣǳţѯʵ޳˭
Ҷ䣬Ҷҵļ̳Ҳҵĺѡ
¸ĿҶ䣬Ҷ䣬˵ΪܵôҸ߶ˣ
ܵͣ
ҶѾʵٶȷɿ죬ʵվ˶ñڵʵ˵ߵĻ˭ǿߣ˭ţ
޳Ҳû뵽Ҷٶ֮죬Ҷܿ㽫ԼϢЩǸĿ޳˵ǸҲǲЩˣǻСΪ
޳ҲǺ֣ԼѾҶ佫츳ȫͨһֱӳΪǿߣ˵Ӧð˷֮йʱ򣬹ҶĴȴǹڷ֣ڿҶķӦʱףԭҶǹԼķ֮ɢġ
޳ôΪеһЦ˵óʱ䲻ĽҲҵֻҲŬĻò˶೤ʱͻᱻ㳬ȥˡ
ҶͷЦΪ㣬ʵȴԶԶ㰡ûĶԭǼ鹤ˡ
ᵽҶɫ޳һԣС˵ϼǲһֱûж֣
޳ͷ˵Ҳеأ֮ǰΪͺ֮ǰһֳûкͽҼƽϣڵȴʲô
Ҷͷ˵Ҵ֪ʲô֮㡣ֱɱ㣬ֻǻԶԹûжԸġ
Ĺϵܺã
Ҳǣ޻һҲǹϵΪʲôҪŹ㣬Ҫ£ˣ
˭
·Ц
޳·ЦǸЦɢΣոеļһǼһѣ͸еЦʵ̫ζˣƺ֪Լ֪顣
·ЦС˵ǰѹãʵȴǸװŮһ˵͹֮ܰѼ棬ʹõнʹ
޳֪ǹɵԴˣԭǳ·Цָ顣һ׻Լĺӽ˵ϡ
һһ£鹤һֳģ
ʲô
޳ĿҶ䣬˵Ҳʮ֮һ𣿾ȻôȨܹŪһôĹᣡ
Ҷҡҡͷ޳֪Ļ̫̫٣˵ȻͳΪʮ壬Ҳȫ棬ǿļص۶¼Ҹʮ֮ףһҵʵԵֵϺüҶҡ
޳Ǹ۷ǿ˵̶ֳȵǿ߾Ȼ£ƾһ㣬Ҿų¼ҵʵ
Ҷ俴Ϸ˵ͷ
˵ܲţ̶ֳȵǿڳ¼Ҳֻѣ֮ԻȫΪ·Цİš·ЦȻûгΪ˵ķܲٿصǿѾȼȨöࡣ
޳ͷͻȻһ飬ʵͬʮ壬ʵôǿˣǼ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵۷ǿ߲Ǽ֮ÿ嶼һǿ໥ԼţҶȻҲС
Լм
Ӧֻһﵽ̶ֳȵǿһ㶼¶棬ֻҳʱ򿴼үүһ棬ѾȫˡǻĴ飬Щǿһ벻֡
޳ͷ룬Ȼʮ壬̾˷Ƚ֮£ǧǿж٣
˵ĻűĿʼʮǿ֮սԲùŸʹˣֻ޳Գ֡
޳ΪһȻ˵ע⣬˿Ÿվڶʱɵñɫⳡ֮ǰսȲͬǳսܿôܶԵЩ˻˸߰ļǮƱ
ⳡǺս֮ǰĹھһȻ߸ǿߵĶ飬ֻķݰ
ûαĳ˳ǸŸ汻˳֮ΪȻ棬һǰĶԷǿߣȻһıս֣
ɣҺֵǡ˭֮ǰս𣿡ָ޳Ȼ޳Ϊһ֣ȻҪһЩ˿ɵ꣬ϵĽ鷭Ҳûй޳κνܡ
û취Ľֻ֮ǰɫĶʮˣƽÿ޳һʼʵս֮кٳ֣Ȼȱļء޳ֵǸǿߣвϡȥһСĴ޳ĬĬĲ״
ȻΪ֣Էһϳɳϵѡ֣Ӵֱһ˽С
գѾﵽڣ֮ڣûֵˡôһͰˣѲҪһʮ
ʲôֵģտ÷ģʵҪһ˽˸ܣǺܼ򵥵𣿡
ֻϧⳡǰһ㿴㶼ûУֻܵŸմսһ˭ڵߡ
ΧԼĳޣϸֳЦݣ˵ô޵еģ㻹ǸϽ³ɣùŸҶս̫أպµһ⡣
޳ȵؿգ˵㲻ڿЦڵǿߣ
Ȼ
ΣˣǰոմﵽˣҪڶãڵ޵֣Բһùڣ
ڳЦ
û뵽ǰѾڵǿߣҲû뵽һո̤ڵСӾȻҳЦԼʱŭ壬ɱ⣡


1979 һȭ
տ꣬ҲɵһӣţȻԼ
Լһޣẉ̂϶˻ɫģȻŶԡ
ȻʹöޣСӵʲô;Ȼܹʹóޣ̨µ˸еǳ󣬻һ˾С˵ףЩ˻޳ʵҲֲǣϾϳڣ޳ʼû¶Լ
޳ųޣ˵ֻϧԸһʸ񡣡
Ļһ󳰷δҲ̫԰ˣǶЫѪɵĳޣЫҲ򾳵ޣǿȼߣɵıҲʮ㣬ҪϵĶҺһѪҺ֮Уȫû취ֿˡ
ηǰ˾Ȼ˵ʸ
ҾͿûʸ˵仰
˵꣬㳯޳ȥ֮Ǳֱӽ޳ûʹõǴ㽫޳˦УȻصˤڵϡ
һǿߵʯҲܹ˦УԼһȴ˿Ľžվڵһ㡣
ôܣ
קһקӣӵԽԽ޳ȴֻǻƣվ޳ȫϵߣȻҲܹʹϵǧ׹򾳽Уǿɲֻǧˣһɽѹ˵ˣ۷ǿ޷κ޳֡
ô£ѵϷ
˿ʼϾⳡϿѹ˲ǮڵĶ飬һˣׯҿɾ׬ˡ
룬ڵı֣ȷϷϾԷûͷųһƣӡ
մ磬ӮɣǾҪˡ
մʱѾˣֻ޳ѹڳµѹЩ˸֪޳ʵֻںһϹ壬ķҡ
޳¶Цݣ˵Ȱ㻹ɣ򲻹ҵġ
֮ǰջΪ˿Դ󣬿ᣬһȻϻ̫ɺˣ
ɫһ֮Уԭûʹõĵ̶ʱҪ޳֮У޳ܹô׵
޳Ͻһһ޴Ľ޴޳֮г֣֮ǰ޳ıӣʱϣӶʱһģˤڵءعϵıѾֻʣһˡ
ô
ôʧܣ
쿴Ҳڵģ
ɾҲڣҲôҰɣһ취ûС
վȵĿϵİ֣ʱٻ޳˵ĻǶԸʸ֮ǰţʵǰòţͬʱе𾪣ǰֻ꣬ڵϢΪʲôʵôǿ
û䣬ȡһ͵һ˦һȥǿĽصķֱӳ޳ĲϷȥһУʱ˳Щ֪ˣ˵͡
ɱˣʵĺǿ󣬾Ȼնŭˡ
굽˭ڵʵôûбϣǶ֮лһµĹŸ裬ѲⳡǻӮ
Ȼȴ׶ȥֻסЩ˵Ͷѣ֪Լ㣬ʣµĶԷúӮⳡһΣ̨ıԵ׼Զ빥޳Ӷ޳
ǣδҲ̫ˡ֮ʱͻȻԼĽȻֱӴ˷ϣںԼսǸˣǲӰͫһ֪ʲô顣
أ
ͻȻһʱеһƬë
𣿡
޳˵֮һתһߣֱӽ߷ɵ⡣պݺݵˤڵϣǿĻԪʴ壬Ҳ˵
ſ֧֧ţҪˣЩȴûһ˿ԼĺҲͬһ㣬߾ȫҲֻص
һϳڵľ磬Ϊǰ֮޳СĽһϳ㽫ԼǿĵزϾ֮Ի䣬ȫС˶Է
Կ籩Ĺ޳ֻ΢΢ҡͷ˵̶ֳȵĹֱӴҵ϶ûκЧ޳仰ɲ٣ȻȲ۷ޣȴҲ٣ʵҲͨ۷ǿߣǿߣʹɱУǴҲһ˺޳
⹥ܿˣֻ޳һֱӵɳȥı̧ˡ
һ
¸·ųϵ޳СǣΪԼһϣûˣûϣֱǹھĪ
һ޳ټһŸ裬ǿǿ֣һϳ˭Ķ֡
ͬһ޳˵һ
ƽԵòͰֵȻöԷľս
һ
ԸЩˣ޳ʹõڶС
ٺЩﻹ˵ʲô޳ϳɴֱ䣬һ˶ѣöԷ˲ϳ
Ȼһ˲η޳ģֻûϳĻᣬһȫ޳˱ݵ̨
ҶĿϷ޳νľ֣޳̨æ˵޳ô𣿡
޳ǲ⣬Ҷ̾ȻϼӲͳ֣ȴѾη壬Ȳ˵ɱ÷ϴ󣬵ܼҵĻ飬ܼ˵СǼ;Բ㣬¶ͷܼһ鷳ġ
ܼң޳ǸԼսȴû£ߵܻЦ˵ܼһҶ𣿡
Ҷҡͷ˵ܼ̫ˣԽƻʵǷǳǿ󣬷ҲҶҺ͹ռһԸܼҡرǵĶԻϵãȻ㣬ȴùռҼɵ
ʱ¸ҲʶȤ£ǵֵסò޳ǰȥ¶档
鷳޳ǳԾԼ˭ôۡȥʱ򣬿Ϊ׵ǸˣɵһЦᵽܼأܼҵ˱ˡ
ܻŴȺ潥߳޳ŭɫ˵޳СȻ¶棬ܼ˺ܳʱ䡣
Ⱥ޳ÿһ·޳ǰɶԼɵܻɵһЦϴһȥȴܻΪɱ𣿡
ܻΧţȻ˵ѣ˵ܣ޳Ҫ鷳ˡҲ˲ٵƤĺȻվ޳ƺսֻǺһ˵ҾǳҲڡ


1980 ȫ
ߣҾҲڣҪ㣬Ҳ޻ϵܽ飬ܼҵĶԹһʹӦĻܼҿɾʹӱϹĻ㣬ʱҲˡ
޳кһھʰܻӻûжൽܻߴһǿϢϢ޳Ҳе¡ʱܻȥֻϧûпǹϢӵߣܻһЦһС˵־ӡ
Ҷ䰴ס޳ļ˵黹ҪúԲߣǧҪ嶯
Ҷ俴޳ߵĳ¸꣬¸֪ͨ޳֪¸޳ϵʵ¸꣬;𣿡
¸ҡҡͷ˵ܡ
ܸı֮еǿ𣿡
ÿһеĳԱѾǼˣɲܹı䡣
Ҷ俴޳Ķ飬̾鷳ˣȻǲܸĶ飬˵ЩȻҲǲܣܼҵΪʲôôܹⳡأ
ʱⳡΪ˺棬ȴȴط仯ֻܼһкܶ嶼ڰӦ޳Щ˴ϼӵˣ޳ϼ֮Ȼûм棬Ҳûϼ෬ϼӵ飬һϼĵˣҪϼ޳ܣϼһԼмν
޳ȻûԱѾˣ³սûпʼ޳սĶ׷䣬ֱӽǰ
ŶݵϢʱ䣬Ҫ˵֮ǰ÷ǳɣ֮֮
սǸվս޳ܹսֻ޳ͳ¼ҵһǿߣڹŸ裬޳Ѿټսˡ
Ÿ裬һսվ˺棬𣿡
Ÿͷ֪޳ʵһǿ߸κβ޳ǣǿߣѾ޳սܼѲĶ֣ʱ޳ǶֵĻԼڳָ
Сèվ޳ķ棬ڼʱ֮ǰ޳ĶСè˵ԼҲ֪Сè˺ܳʱѡ޳ģΪ޳Ҫ֪ǵ˭ڱݹŸ衣
ŸӮˣҲõĶȻöһʧȥüֵǿɾֻ·һһСèҲףŸҲǺγأ
޳ȴһֱ޳˵ݡ
ʵ޳Ҳ˽ģΪĲǵİȫΪİȫСè͹ŸȣҪ޳
ֻ˵һΣƺֻҪɣͻһͨˣһޡֻҪˣҲ֪Ҳûֻ˵۶ĵ̣Ҳҵ
СèĵĿ޳ʵЩҼҲ٣ÿһǹӲŵˣȥʹ飬ǸԼѾŸ˵˺ܶ飬ԶΪɡ
޳ŭСèһ˸УŸΪԼ˵ȴΪСèΪ˵ĽŻ˼ᶨǸԸðա
Ϊˣ޳ŲǿŸ裬ùŸĸԼ
ŸͽˣҪһ顣
ʰɡ
벻͹ŸԶһ𣿡
Сèɫһ죬ཱུ¶ᶨɫ޳˵ͷ³֣롣
಻ңһὫŸƽߣ
Сè仰ɫ޳ʵǲҺ͹Ÿʱֿ
޳ͷ˵ֻʱѣùŸҲѾˣʵǿ󵹲õģ㲻ֻǹŸ㣬Ҳҵ㣬ȥѼסһЩʱգòһ¶ѣҶȻŸ
Сèгã޳ȴ͹ŸֿرڹŸؼʱڣһҪǷߣûֹܹˡ
ģǲùŸֵģȻҲͲᱩߡ㱣֤
Сèջѡ޳ʧǵ뿪޳ķ䣬ոճţ㿴վԶĹŸ衣
ŸһȻ޳Сè뿪Ѿǰ֪ͨˡСè飬Ȼͬˣɵۿˮ
޳ţԶԶĶͣҲǳᶨ
ΪСèҲԲùŸ跢⡣
ڶ죬޳ļСèһʣǰʱ䣬˾ͱ޻̸ĺѡ
֮Ů̸۵Ļ⣬޳Ҷ͹Ÿȥǵʱڷ۹ŸҶ䡣
û뵽ϲ˶ôر𣬲ŸҲ͹ڱˣ߾߸һֻҪ˵ûСèΪ۶ĹŸ裬ɵɵͷԼԼ
ҼλҲһֻǲȣůͷˣô˵أһֻ͹رʹ˾òͷ
ҶһƬڰ޴Ĵڵϡ
޴ã˳˧ʵǿůǺĽ˰
ǰǰ
СèһӦ͡
Դɱ͵⣬θæɿһװոչӣ˵СᣬСè׼ˡ
˳ҲûܴĶˣ޴糤޴̵˵ţÿһζ޳ܵɱһֱߣ޳ŻͷЦ˵ʲôû
˿ţһһȭ޳
˻Ҫĵز¸ͻȻţ˵޳ڼ𣿡
޳¸껰еĿֻţ󣬰뵽ʲôôţѲǱ˱䶯
һ򿪣¸˽Ҷ伸Ҳ˿æ˵ˣǰǿû֮⣬гԱˣƺ鷳ܼҡ
ҶҲ¶ȵ飬֮ǰѾȥһ췽Լ˵뷨˵ȴֹסˣ˵ʲôؾǹأŲһʱ䣬ôӣ
ҲֻҶҲŭˣЩ˷뽫޳ɱ˶ʱˣ췽ϼҲͰˡ¼֪Щ˵ĿģΪʲôҪѲǺ޳г
뵽ˣҶ䲻ɵÿ޳ʵ۶֮ûе¼ң
޳˰죬ҡҡͷ˵ûУΪֹ˳¸ͳ·Ц֮⣬û¼κһˡ
޳ͻȻ¸Ҳǳ¼ˣǽĿŵ¸ϣҪ˵Щʲô¸ȴǰ˵Ҫָңֻǳ¼ҷּҵˣô󻹴δ·Цһۣ͵۶ĳ¼һ鶼ûС
ôô˵˲ɵöʧȻԷѡǿߣһѡ㹻ʵԸ޳ƾԼЩûдﵽǿ߸ûֵĻᣬǿһˣŸ軹ֻǴһԿţսһ޽֡


1981 ¼
Ҷߵһ˵ߣȥ¼ȥ
νȥ¼ʵϾȥҳ·ЦΪܹı˳˳·Ц֮⣬ûܹ
¼棬¸εĿ޳˵޴磬Ǻһȥǳ¼ұڣҪ֪Һһȥҳ·ЦǷּҾ鷳ˣ㲻Ҹ׵ļλԡ
ܹȥ֪ͨԼܹĿ֮ԼߵѾǺˣ޳ǿʲô
޳΢΢һЦ˵¸ֵܣݶһԶסһֵԸǾŸһȥ
¸ת뿪Ҳûʲôɵƾ˵ʵֻҪ۷ǿ߲֣ûܹ¡
ҶվſڣԹܼ˵ҶҶ䣬Ҫ·Ц¹ӡ
ܼȻҶţһ£ȻЦһ˵ǹӿɲʲôɫģʲô飬ȥ㸸׽һûʸ͡
û˵꣬һ̱ͣĺĺëȻ߸ߵ̧ͷ˵ҲңΪָоֻҪԼͻ̣һͱ̽ӴԼ̱ɱ顣
˼룬Ҷ΢ЦŸ裬ס֡
̶̵ļӣȴǹ˼ʱһܼԼĺ˵޳ߵĹŸ裬ûԹǵ˵ڹۿ˵͵ļһӦôԴ
Ҷ伸ҲЩ˵ֱֹӽԺ֮УܿԺ֮е߽ΧһЩ򾳵ǿߣҪͻƺܼ򵥣ֻͳ·Цֵģܵġ
ܿ죬¼˱ܹҶӣһŭ֮´Լҵ޳ǿɱҪɵ֣һҪ޳ˣҳ¼ҵ鷳˳¼ҵ˿ɾ鷳ˡ
ԭҶӺ޹ӣ֪Ҵǳ¼Ϊ£
ֻʣΪʲôǳĹˣܻˣܼҵôУ
Ҷʣɫɵ˵ҲҼүһֲٰģʲôɻ󡭡
û˵꣬һ
ʲôɻ󾡹Ҿˣαʦڡ·ЦӺ¼˸æÿһĹȫ񳤱ԴԴ¼Ϊ𣬶·Цǳ¼ҵĶɲǲ𾴡
г˹֮⣬һǺ£ҶҲûЦļһ﾿¡
ⲻҶֵʲôˡ·ЦЦӭȥҶһ飬˵˵Ҷֵܸ룬ѣһȫ˵һţɲҵˡ
ƺûйڳ·ЦʵĴţһûУһ˵ɼӶʮʱѾﵽ򾳽磬ôȥˣʵʲôӣ
·Ц˵Ҷֽ֮޳͹Ÿ裬λڵ۶ʢɷܹ֣ȻҲŪˡ
ͬǿ׻仰ȴ˵⡣
Ҷа̾Ȼ޳˳·Ц·Цгͻ޳ΨһĽҲֻˡ
Ҷ䰵Է鶼˵ɳ·Цͷ⣬ۣ֮ĶԹԼƽϢ
鷿·ЦҲǲֱӶ˵ڱҰŵģҲΪɣ
Ҷ˵ȻǱôòӦױǱҲͰˣΪʲôֻ黻ˣǶӾͲܣδҲ̫ƽˡ
νĹƽ벻ƽ׷ģĲ׷ĶһֻΪһ飬ǱǸĳЩһЩͷҴ֪ģƫƫиǴŭҡ
˵仰ʱ۾ŹŸ޳Ǳ߿ȥ޳кҪ鷳ֱӿԼˣΪʲôҪѹŸϣ
޳һӦǹŸͳ·Ц֮ŽɽžͷԼ˵нҲܴŭ·Цǳ·ЦΪԼԽŸҲˡ
Ҷ俴޳һۣ޳˽⣬Ҫ޳ϵǸǲܵģ·ЦҲһı˵ˡ̾˿ֻðԼĳ롪ޡ
ҶЦ˵ҲѾʾ޻ӣһЩҪ˵¹һ¡
ϵĶ·ЦҲУ˵ⶫǳ·ЦޣȻٽһҶ䣬Ψһϵޣòˡ
ڳ·Цڼ䣬Ҷ俴޳˵·ЦҲΪһԭģ㲻Ҫͳ·Ц
޳仰ϼһ˿Цݣ˵仰Ӧ˵İɣϣҵȷǷһ顣ܹͳ·ЦǰҲⳡܹУҲܹչؼ
Ҷ̾˿˵޻ƺг㲻õģҪĵķңҵڻûиҵʵѾó·Ц֪ˣȻ޻ӣ֮ɲһС
ո˵꣬Ļ洫һ˵ҶӣȻǱߵңһһӲ˽⡣
ĳ·ЦȻҲ֪޵׺˵ʲô飬Ȼôˣ˵Ȼ綼ѾˣҲܹӦȴܴӦȫ䣬ÿ鶼ܹһˡǶ齫˭¶νһ˱ϳ
˵ϵ˷֮ɫҲܲµõһҶ䡣
ҶүʱɲֻЩŶޱҲģ˵ˣ̨սǶĳͷ
ɲ̨սô򵥣ֻҪ¶ʵҶһ䲻ļƻʧˡ
ʵԺ׷ɱûˣȴþǰ˷Ǳֹİɱӿ¡
Ҷ̾˿Ȼ޻ӰţҲ޻˵ֻôˡһ룬ֶ֮һǿߣһ顣
Դӽ֮󣬹Ÿɫǳ֣ɫ԰ף˶ı飬ûз
֮Ҷ˴뿪·Цվͣȵ˳¼Ҵţ·ЦȴͻȻͣסŲ˵ҶֵܣǰһᣬһЩ޳˵
Ҷ䵣ǵĿ޳޳ȴһЦ˵û£߰ɣ
޳޳ϴμ㲻Ѿ˵Ժǰû뵽ŹЩʱ䣬ȻҵĻԺ󣬾ȻҲμ齨鹤ᣬҲи޶Ȱɣ
˶٣˵֪ΪʲôĹ𣿡

Ϊҷ֣ڱһܲĵģڱֽ㣡


1982 ǰ
ɱӿĳ·Ц޳ǸеԼϢѾȫˣĪԼ
ٴο·Ц޳г𾪣û뵽·ЦȻǿ󣬲ﵽ۷ľ磬ʵڹհԼҲûʮİʤ
޳𾪵⣬ɱ΢΢һЦ˵ҪʤңֻҪԸ⣬֮ҲûκԣȰ㵽ʱý߾ȫΪԼ
޳㲻·ЦˣϣԼӮأϣԼ䣿
޳뿪ԶԼҶ䣬ϼһ˿Ц⣬˵õģֻǻһ˶ѣ˵ǻҶæʵһ
ҶԼʵɺ˽⣬˵޴磬ǧָңҵΪȻﵽ򾳣ʵȴ
ȷΪȷͻͽɶڹ似ϣʵԶѷɫͬǿߣҶԼģɶԼ֣Լ֪Լ̨ʲôãܻᳶ޳ĺȡ
ȷһ⣬ҶʹõǷϵҶҵķѨѾƹˣѾû취ٽҶʽ̫࣬ʵ˰죬Լһ˲̸Ҷ䡣
һ˲ɲһ򵥵ĹҶỨϺܳʱҲѧᣬҶ̴ӦгȲ
ҶҲǿʵ뱻˱󣬶ԼΪǿˣҲֻ޳ˡ
һ˲÷ҵʽĹ
ûһᾡܵĽ㣬ڶʱն٣ֻܿԼʵˣ޳Ҷ䲢ãֻԼһеѶȣ˵ʱ䣬µʱҲֻոƤëеȷǿŷѨɵķʹãɱԶ̹
Ÿ迴۹һԵĳ޳ķȥ뿪¼֮һֱûӹ޳񣬸տʼ˻ˣԼһ뿪صӣԶ֮ͣ½Ų
Ҷ俴ŹŸıӰ˼˵ͳ·Ц֮Ĺϵи߹𣿡
޳ŹŸģǹŸȷʵûκιڳ·ЦϢ޳лɣǸùŸʹˣӦǳ·ЦΪʲôƫƫùŸȥأ
ɿ·Ц֮Ĺϵǲܵĺģ޳ǲ³޳ҲģϾպҪȻ֪ݡ
Ҷ̾˿Ҫ飬ɻûпʼжѾ档
ֻǹѣֺô飬϶޼ʥйءȴȴ˵޳ڵʵҪȥ޼ʥأȫֿԡȻ֪޼ʥصȴ֪޼ʥڱĿ磬ڹ˽ܹ޳޼ʥطͻ
Ȼ˫ķͻĻҪҶѡһѡĽ޳
ΪԺܷ飬Ŵȥٹܼڵ顣޳ĬĬŵ˾֪˼µĹ򣬶żڣʵһٶҪﵽ۷ĳ̶ҲֻǼʱѣʱڣĿ½ȶҲܹȫȫȥ
޳һ˲ʾԼеİģȴǲֱܹӸҶ䣬򽫻ǹȰҶк
ҶҲףʯ᾵ĺӵ֮һʹȥĶ֮޳ȥԼһ
˵ĻҶ仹ҪģҶȫ֮ͬô꣬Ҫǿ־Բκһˣ⽫ǰĶ
ããǺ޳ʹó컯ڵ·ǺӶ֮Ŀ磬޳֪ӽ쿪ʼԼѾ̤Ŀǿ֮С
֮ǰǿսܿ㿪ʼˡ
һαҪ֮ǰҲǸӶ࣬ı޳һӣϾ޹ıأԳսķʽʣж鶼޳Ӷս˭ҪӮһӱʣӮңȻֱΧ»ûӮһӣȻȥ
Ϣһ֮˶ǳ𾪣˵Уı޳ͳ·ЦУ˶ϲ
Ͼ·ЦǿߣѾʮˣһЩҲֻһˣǼҲ֮Ϊᣬ£ʮȷֵһᣬ֮ʮ꣬ǿԺԲơ
޳һԴףȴЩȴоǳĲˬڹϯϵĳ·Цгս⡣
Ҫ˭Ҳֹˡ
ֻǱ·ЦҲ޻ӿ޻һЦ˵ȻһˣʵǿƢ󰡣
·ЦƵ˵ҪܹΪõȷһֻϧǰҺӴȻǫѷɹȴżͿΧһУ˵ûаҺ޼ʥطѾɳС
ź
̾һһϲأ
ĳп治٣ϼǱߵļ֮⣬ռҲƺռҵСҲҪ֡
ԣ
ʵɲϵĻϵҸеɵҽŵǰһҲ򲻹޳ֻˡ
޻ЦһŲ˵ΪܹսʤЩ˾ܹԿ𣿡
·Цҡҡͷ˵ȻĿǰﲻ̶ֳȣĽӮңҶȻ̵ʱڴﵽ۷壬ʱ˭붯ɵǰˡ
ɴЦ⣬ȴԽԽأа̾޳Ҿϲɣҿ㾿һʲôˡ
סǧҪ֡
޳ȸ裬ȻֻǻһˣɶԷʵǳǿĵǹŸ̲ס֣һƲסԼһ취ûС
Ÿͷüͷ˵סСèڵ㣬ΪԼҲΪһ¡⡭ҶСȥˣôôʱ䣬ϾҪʼˣôûг֣
Ǵκȥ֮ҲûлѲΪ̫Զʱ䣿
˿ܻᣬһ˲Ҷɲֶݲеĥ֮СҶ䲻ֺʱˣѲɷʲô飿
޳нͻȻһϢԶٸٶȾе𾪡һЩ֪ͬǿ߶ڿȥǱΪһǿߣȴû뵽˾ȻҶ䣬ҶϵʵȻﵽ򾳡
ʮ˴˴ǰҶҡռҺԼҵļԸҶ֮⣬˶֪Ҷʵı仯ҶʱһȻ


1983 ϼ
Ҷ𣿡
㿴˰ɣϢôǿôҶ䡱
Ҷҷ٣
ƨһﵽ򾳵ķ𣿲ҶĶӣǵǷˣ̣αװôãȻ˶ƭˡ
ҼǰѾ˵ˣνȮӣҶĶôǸأ붼ܰ
ϳ۷׷ףϯϣҲһĿࡣ
ΪԾһ֮ǰҶһдɱҶ䣬ôʱҶüǣûͷųԼ̻ǿֲ
ߵҶһϲ˵ǹϲҶˣû뵽ֶʵôǿҶǺ˰
ҶʵЦݣûмƽϣǵ˵ͷ˵лԼĹģҶнգҲǶԼ
仰˼ɵѰζԣһЩ˴һԿЦһЩǷǳ
ҵĶԹ˽½Щ˹ۿս
հһ˵˷׷תͷĳ档
ҶҲҶԼ˵ҪʵһЩ˴ֲôھͱ¶Լʵôϳ
Ҷ䲻Ҷߣ·ĪĶ
ǡ磿
ҶĽۿ˳׷֮ǰ˵޳ҶϵǳѲΪ޳ڵ״Ժ޳һԿЩˣ
·ЦɵЦϵ֮ǰΪǸҶͷҶں޳һأû뵽ȻΪ˽޳Ҷҳװһ𡣡
ҲֻҲܹġ
ѵ㲻ԼôǽҶҺ޳һ𣿡
ЦЦĿų·Ц˵һ֮ǿҲǿĹңҶ֪أ˵޳꼻һ㣬Ҳ̻𣬵ȵʮĹâҲֻֻһ˲䣬ҵĿıǺúһ˲䣬֮飬Ҫǵѡˡ
·ЦջĿ⣬ٴο޳
âˣĿ껹ôһ𣿡
ȻҶ޳Ķ飬˲䣬ضǷһ㣬û뵽ıȻô֡
Ҷ޳ߣǸ˵Ǹˡ
޳ĿҶ䣬ûҶ˵Ҷ䱻зë˵޳㵽ôˣ
޳ҶʵŽ̸Ҷһ˲ʱ䣬ȴѾһ˲ҶԷԪصߣһﵽڣԼ־ˡ
Լ̵ĺأҶ䱾û˷ֵšɵ޳Ҷ壬ʱʱ΢һ£Ƶúһ˲˶Ƶͬ
ܹ似ﵽԶĵزɼŬ̶ȡ޳ҶǶҶ˵֮սҾͿˣϢǡ
ʱǡöԷǿ̨Էһ۷ǿߣվǸˣһȺʵǿһҲСӣϾҲֻڵʵѣԷһϵĻ޳һᶼûС
޳׹˵ôһܹԸܶ߳Լܶˣҽ쵹Ҫʵ׶ôǿ󣡡
˵֮һ޴ĴӳУȴôĴӣ˸оöòȴһǵӸٶȼĳԼ
ô£޳ôԼӵ³ȥ
޳еȣΪӿʼûжһ£һ޳ŶԷȥ
ԭϵߡ
޳Ѿףȴǳ˷ܣΪԴĿ֮󣬵һοϵߣϵûмʶ
֪ǵ
ȺͻȻһȫһƬǶϵоĿϵ߶Ϊ棬ɼʵôǿ
ɣϼҵôⳡս
˵ϼһֱĬĬŵļ壬ȴŷǳǿܹϼֻúʵĸݣڵ۶ҲӶ˴ԣϼѾѡվˡ
·Цӵľϼҵֻ¾ԲżȻٿŹϯЩˣʮ弸ѾȫˣѲϼѾżˣ
ЦһԼ̷ûѾʼˡ
޳һģֱӷɵУûй涨ֻڵսһһɾûжˡ
޳һ˦ȥΪ˵Ķ̫ˣԼٶͺһ㣬Լһ޷ֵ
ô뵹Ҳûдȷûеֵס޳ĹֱӴǰը֮Уȴֻһѣǿ񱩵ȻҲֻһѡ
ǿķ
޳ûͣ¶תһߣǰԿըѿĽżѾ˺ɫʹõĻϵΪٶ̫ͿĦ𻨡
ʵ򾳽޳ĶֻܿһӰ󶨸޳һϡ
ʱɲֱӲǰһ͸ɫķֳ֣֮ͷ·һ˸оǵ۶Ҫ뽫ķִ壬ͬڽ۶һݻ١
ľɣ
ʷǿķһ۷ǿ߻ûһܹƿأһ˷·о˵ϼҷֳɣһһϼһĴڣ޳鷳ˣû뵽һ鹤еıȻֳǿ߸
Χһɫϴγֵʱȷʵڳ֮ʧˣϼһʵʵǱڴ½
ѵΪ޳ϼг𣿡
⵹Ҳ˵׼Ͼ޳Ѿô壬˹ռҺҶңû˵ϵõļ塣
ȻڴҸ̸֮ʱȴɫղŵķʹһȴܹܵ޳ǹ˷ܡ
֮ʱսֲû˵ͨԷ˫ܹܵǶս˷ܡ
ԭҲһսӣʵôǿһкöˡа̧̾ͷ޳˵СӣҳʵúúҴһֻҪӮˣԶ䣡
˵仰֮˿ɲԸˡǶڸ壬ɲָӣر۷ǿߣԸǷŭ
Ҳˣ޳Цһ˵Щƺǰǲ³ʧܣ
޳˵ͷʽҲ⣬˵Ҳźܴĺô
ȴһ񾯸棬ģ޳ͣڿҪҪʲô


1984 Է
һۣ޳ǰǶôսȻòôȴ䣬˵ģϣΪ˺ԼսһȻô᲻
޳ͣڿУʾԼǱߵ˲ܷʲô鶼Ҫȣո˵꣬ϵ˶ʼΪǷԼĽžȻճڵϣʹö̧ٵɢǾʯɵ棬Ĳ֮£Ȼཬȫơ
ݲֻ޳Ǳߵˣߵˣ׷ױ˳⣬չأֻҪ뿪ս̨ˣڳϻӵбʸֻе޳ˡ
һ˵ŭֻϼҵķϣŭʱأϾǿһ޳Ҳһ䡣
޳ڵϣ΢Ц˵ǰ
ʲôǰǰģʵΪôϿʵ㲻ýǰֱӽҴˡ
治ϣǸԼ˺ü
𱲷֣ϼҵһϼ˵ǳĳ⿴Ǽҵͼھܹó滭һֻڹꡭ
޳Ҳϲˬˣ߶ʱɽɫԪǿǿӦǿ޳һۿɼĲ͵һȭȥһȺٶȲ죬˵ǻҪľ˵һӲӲսԼȡʤ
ҡҡͷ˵δҲ̫СˣҪǻôСңҿɾˡ
û취УһϹȭ޳ȭͷֱײһ𣬱Ϊһȭܴ󣬿ɽȴԤϡǵûкܴ󣬷İһûУΧķȴһıݻ٣һĪϴ˶ֻһѡ
ղŷʲô
Ҳ֪ʲô͸ɢˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôǵȴһ·ղŷܿµ飬໹ûƽ
ȻҲһ˿״
޻ɫĿ£·ЦҲЦݣǵһο޳սȻ˵޳飬Ŀ޳ʵǾȻǸеصΣС
޳Ҳûܹﵽֵز
ͻȻĳĪĻͷβǸ˳⣬ñȫ
·ЦΪ޵֪ʱ㷢ӳãȫ˳޵˼ҲƲ⡣
Ǹǿһֱʧˣ֮ҲûгֹǲΪ޳ĵˣ
޿ų·Ц˵ڻ𣿡
·ЦҡҡͷֹҲܹóȴܹ⻹޳ȫʵ
޳һշڵϣ˦˦֣ΪԼǿȹǿˣɺ֮ԼĶǳɶûУȴȥһƤͬѣԼԵʵԼ
˰ٷ֮ʮĹ֧Ųסóɡ
޳Ҳǲ飬ϸ֮еĺսԾԾԣս֮ꪳΧϢԷ仯޳ҧҧŬסԺսꪵķɡ
ӶŴ󴸣޳˦սꪣۿҪٴײһ𣬿ʱȴͻȻڿУϵʧ˾ֹͬʱһٴβ£ϴεķأһεĸǿ󣬶ֳ֮峯ȥȻƽȵڵ档
ô£˽ֻû֣ΪʲôʲôûпǾͷֿˡ
̨ϵĹڲǶǿߣȻҲΪ棬ֻ˶ȫעĿⳡ˭ûзȥشĴ㡣
޳ͬʱſУ϶¶Ľ顣
ǿߣ벽ľҶһٶҲûżСôﵽʵصȵ۷֮һҪҼ򵥵Ķడ
ϴ佱ˣ俼δҸ֮䵽˭
ͣҪĶˣļᶨǾʿ˿Υͣжһ˵ʵɲжϡ
޳ĺսꪴźƣݿĳ߳ĴҲǳصģﵽʮڼһ˦ľ޳ĺսײս΢΢޳ֱźսꪵβȫ֮ȴץסսꪵм䲿֣汻ĺۼһƬɺɫĺۼ
һԶһսǿö࣬ϴֻʹ˰ٷ֮ʮôαǰٷ֮ʮ
޳֪֣ԼҲͲץסĽˣԼֱӱֻǡ
˵սûʱսŸӸļµĸо
̨̨ﻹ˵۾ⳡ亱սڵ߶ԼԽԽӣɶڱʵȴѾˣһսʲôŽ
ʹ죬þûôʹˡǰʱܹԽս־磬ϱ۷壬ͬǿȴȥһֻҴܣﻹ˺ӲӲû뵽ȴҼһСӾȻܹƴֵز˷ܰ
˷ĺѪɫģڿĿࡣ
Ҳܵ޳ϵս⣬ѪɫݼֱһЩ˵ҾЩˣܹҵķƿӮˡ
޳һ㶣սôͻȻ֣
޳еɻЦֻʶһ´˵ս޳ʵû뷨˿ɾͲô룬Ҫ˷̫սǺҲܽ䣬ҪˣɾͲ³ôˡ
˼ȷǲԸЩ˵̤ʯҲЩˡ
˵ЦˣСܾʤСܵı֮·ǴֹͣˣΪ˳ɾСҶĲˣСԺȻȥҴĺúñһ
仰ϯϺܶ˶ɫ֮ǰǻΪϼûʲôɵϼҰΨһ¶еļɵ
޳Ļҡҡͷ˵ҵķɱȹǿˣѾʹ˰ٷ֮ʮķƽⲻ˵ĻԺսʤ㲻󰡣
ɫͱ䣬˫۾˷ŭ
޳֪ԼԼʵǿǰɫĻܣٲȻ֮֮ͬдǿ
ȳԵһȭŻܴȥӴ֮ŷ֣ܿɲֻǵֵܹ󲿷ֵĹ峯źȥ㱻ԼĹŪ
ٺһЦЦźĳϡ
Сֵܣҵķɲô׶ԸģʹóȫĹΪƿҵķƲɾ͵ùˡ


1985 Ƽ
Ʋܵɵǿ󣬶Ҹʱ䣬Ŀ֮
޳˼ʮףɺɫĻܣطʽɶһһԼǿĹǿʽ⿪ʽǿĲԼ״̬Ǻսꪵ״̬һ޷ƿԺսꪵķɳܲס
˼ȥñ֮ԸһΪá
֮֮һҲûʹùǿҲǰ˼ȥȰ˵ϴ磬ҵһôҶԣ㻹Сһ㣡
һȴ۾
޳ȻСһ㣬ղķɣСδҲ̫˰ɡ
һƬȻǵȴûбԹ޳ǵ˵ͷ˵ʩչǣҪܹһˣҲĸԸ
ʹˡ
ҲһݽԭվֱҲ΢΢ǰϵϢϱܵ·ĳ࣬һֻڹꡣ
ǳĺЦֻΧûһܹЦó񣬿ųϽӽֹˡ
һǻ޳֣߳ǻǽΧǸһգŻǽ󣬱һ׶೤ͨ˸ĺâȴǺɫɢаİ׹⣬η
Ȼ˴֮ȴȫͬһͨʵƯڿУƽ棬Ϸǿ߶ûߡ
Ͽնһᣬо㵸˵һڵȻܹʹַ豹澳似ֱ漣治֪ʦǺֵȼǿߣܹʮ似ô̵ʱ򡣡
·ЦЦݲڣ͵Ŀ·սһᣬ˵㿴𣿡
ԵҲҡҡͷûбϢ׼޷ᵽֿµ
·Цг޳ǿ£ʮܹ֮ﵽԼܴﵽľ磬ʱ֮˭޳Ķ֣޼ʥҪ޳Ҳǰ˼
˵һֻԵ˲ܹᵽΨһıͨһשɫѾ˵һǿ
ѹ˵Ҳ޷˵һڽԼɢˡкǰûڣ֪޳ǿ󣬻װһǰ޳ںˣԼӷǾԶšֱҲڷ
޳Ҳһһδ֮ʹУΪո֮ʱټ;񶼱컯۷壬һûжĸоڣǰĳꪾһɽһάסķ
Сˡ
ȫǴӵбƳģÿһֶǳأڸ˵ĸоǶ˵ϡ
⼸ֵã͵һͷ̲ص˲䱬ǼӲʯ濪ʼ顣Ǿ޴ʯɡڱڣһƬɫһƬ
۷ǿüٴδӳϲһ󷨣˫֮£ûɢͬһԲͲſɢȥ
˸оʱͻȻһ޴ıը֮ҫ۹âֵܹȴֵסĹ˶ʧ۾һУһЩ۾ĴʹҲҪһĻ
ǻԪأȴûа⣬ڿвֻһЩɫƬЩƬκζӴᷢҫ۰׹⣬ȻӴĶҲ֮Ϊ촷ۡ
׹⽥ʧսҲˡ
˭Ӯˣ
޳ĹôǿһӮˡ
Ҳ˵Ѿô꣬ķǿһôһ
۵Ķ̧ͷŽɢĹâվеˡ˾ûоղŵսһ㣬һվڿУֻзͷ˱仯֮ǰƮˡ
һڹǡԣǱ֮УǰѾվֱһǿ߷緶
û뵽ĿȻֹ̥š
ϴķҲǾˣȫԸĻҸκβ㡣
˵ĶԻûнڴĴ𰸣Ȼ˶׼³ʱ򣬾ĵĳͻȻŷһ˳ԴȥֻϵķֿʼƣȻ顣
޳ʤˣ
û뵽Ȼֽ֣һ޳֡ڹϯϵҲ鲻Խվ޻Ҳǡ
ԵģɢСλߵ޹ء
˶վڿУΪ˰ĴӣЩеʯѾʣ
޳ѾҪˣѾ͸֧Ƚ֮£ֻϵĹѿˣ岢ûʲô飬ҲԶ޳Сöࡣ
̨֮޳ߣ˵ϲ㰡Сֵܣҹһս֮ЩҪ̨˶˼ò˵ǿ£ܴﵽ۷ĵزҲǵסġ
û˵ѣ֮лܹԼ𾪡޳˵ʵһǱȲ㡣
ЦЦϵȻʧٴγֵʱѾ׿⣬ֻһıӰ
ǿߣ
޳а̾ƾ¶һ֣ҪԼٶʤ־Բڸá
Ҷ޳ߣ޳һ̨ϯг˳ݡ޳űԼѣɴﵽĳɾȴԼһҲ󼰵ġ
޳֪ղսĺ󣬱Ͼԣ͵˳ٿվ̨Ǹ޴ӣпʣĺ㣬µķӦ
ղûƿķղĻԼѾһʬ
ֽ⿪֮󣬹˺óʱвŷϳϳϿ۷ľ棬ĺ㣬ҪǲСһ£ġ
ڳСԼΧĿ»кûɢ
һ޳ʤΪ޳Եʣ¸ı֮ǰİţһİ֮󣬻Ҷ
֮󣿡
ϢЩ˲ûйıԹϾǸղŵսѾǻζܳʱˣ֮ڻ֮ٴγսЩ˶˸ıʵΪͳǮ
Ҷ俴Źϯϵĳ·Ца𾪣·ЦǲŹκһᣬֻҪ̵Ǯͳְ
޳ͷЩĸԸĸ֮ǰ屶ļǮ֮ǰĶľֻиֶһα󣬾һҶҽĻ
ǵģϾЩ˳ЩǮĸԸģҲ뽫ⳡȥ


1986 
㹻޳ָʵˣǺսȴѪڣ̲סȥٺսһΣһκƣȫʵʵıƴȴܣڼ֮ǰܡ
ҶϢķȷǿ󣬿ǺĹȣѷɫһ㣬⻰޳˷ܣ̲סҪȥʵˣ
뷨ȫϣױ㱻˸͸Ҷ޳ж֮ǰ͸޳һͷˮ޳˵ڵʵȥȫֿԣұϾҪʼˣӦȫӦıȻԱ䶯֪ʵһԲӦġ
Ҷ䲢ûнҶĻ޳˵޳֪Ը޳棬һľٶ
ϡԣΪλ޳ѵзʲô飿Ҷ֪޳֮ģһˣ޳۾֮бܹܵ⡣
¶ȷȷʵʵ֮ио
Ϣ֮󣬵һ뷨ȥԺ̸̸Ͼڻʹܺõѳ޳ֻ֮ʣˡ
뷨֮ʱȴҡͷ˵ҲܴӦ㣬Ҫ֪ĹӸҲǲⳡսŻõĻᣬǹأ˭Ҳܸı䡣ҪĻֻк޳һӮⳡʤ޳ԡ
İĪܹóҲǲҶȥһΡ
Ҷ䲢⣬Ͼ뵽ֽ޲ȫ鶼Ϊܹ²޺ϼֵܵļֵ
޿ɫޱ仯Ҷ䣬̾˿˵ʱ̫Ҳһ£ֻܴϣܹҵĵ
Ҷ˵ͷ
˵һҪʼˣһοԼҵˣǱҪ󷨺Ͱ㡣
ҶɲֻһκԼԿԼҵֶζȻģһǾ򲻹޳Ҳƴ޳ˡ
أȴѾ˸طϾ֮ǰĳسһӣڻûб
ܶ࣬еһξģһսľʣֻǸ߰ķãһۣһҧ㸶ˡ
ڿ̨۾ȴųµѡ֣Ѱһ޳
Ǹ޳ǲǸˣҲôɣ
һ˿޳ĳ࣬ȻǷǳ죬ЩȷʵһЦͺԼ޳ô˽һ޳ͬˮһ㣬ϲ˵
ܿ죬޳˱վ̨ϣɺ֮ǰһ޳վǰ棬һʮǿߣҶǿԱ߸
һȺУҲһ޳ⷴеϢͬǽԪأȴԼҵϢ
޳ĶߵҶ˵ôǰԵǿ߶Լˣ
ҶЦһ˵ĸ嶼һ㶼ȫԸһβҲǹģΪҲû뵽¾Ȼ֡
ϯϵµЦţս̨ϵǸˣʲôû˵һԼĺӣ·ѾʤȯգѾ޳³ӡ
Ҷ޳˵µĴӡԹ󡣡
޳ȵĳͣ벻Ǹϼ޻£Ȼиʵôǿ󣬳û㲻Ķӡ
ĵҶ˵ȷµӣϵãǴӱĵطģ
Ҷ֪޳˼ɵʧЦ仰Ҫɾ鷳ˡ
޳ȴΪȻϾԼͽ¸ˣһҲӶԼĳޣֻϵɱⶼ˶ѣҲ½ﻵ
Ҳ۷ǿߣϢȻǿ󣬺Σոȴ֮𣬿һʵ廨ͷ
ϯϲֻ޻ӣΪⳡսľʣϼҲˡôһϯԵķֳɣ·Цһм䣬ȻΧգ˵Цġ
ϼӿˣ˵ǲǾĶԹ󣿡
ϼϼĶӣϾǵ֮ɫ˵ػӣȷȮӣȻȮӸոմﵽ۷壬ȴԼе󷨣޳ȻҲ͵սˡ
հԣЦ˵˵Ҳͷܹʤù޳Ĳ˵ôһѾˡ
հֱڿ죬ﶼûԼ£ȴһڣΪ͹հʵ̫ҪƴӡԹȻҪǺ͹հҵǸȣδѷɫˡ
հ㡭¿ϼӣϼԼͷϼȴֻ̧̧֣˵ǶҲˣȿıȵ֮ô־ô֡
հһϼϾǻӣҲøϼһӣûмƽϣǿ޳а룺һҪ˳ӮȥҶӾͰһˡ
̨ϵĶս˫ͬʱʼжΪԼóı󷨣һ˲䣬е˶ɢ˸԰˽ε״ս໥֮ŽӣһһֱԼһ˧ϵʵϢʵ֮ǿЩ˼ϢҪǿ
޳û뵽ǿԼĹǰ˧޳Ҳ飬һȭ˧ȥ
˧֪޳һȭһκսʱһ߿ˣǾ֪һȭȴǸҺ޳ӲҲһȭȥԶСö࣬ȴҲס޳Ĺ޳ɳȥ
޳ʱоΪԼѾﵽڵʵ֪ΪʲôֻڵΪղŵһȭȻЧԵĺһ˵ʮ˵ĺ
ȥƵǣס
֮£޳Ҳûа˵ԼһʤֻܽϣҶǸ¼ҵǿˡ
ʵ͵Ĳֻ޳ǡҶʱΪֱӵ䵽ľ磬Ǹ¼ǿߵǻԣٵĳźά󷨵˳ȥ
󷨺ֻҪƻһ󷨶ƻˣѡ˺ԼһǣǸ˵ʱǰͻȻ׹һֻ׹дһţʱƺһ̨ȥ
޳һԹǰڸղŵһ˲䣬ʧˣųڳ¼ǿǰ˦һƱ㽫³ȥɼ֮
޳еɵǣղžͺû뿪뿪ˣֻ˲͡
˲µӿµǺԤ׵˲ƣͨͬȫûһ
ôܣ
޳˵ףΪʲôԹȴ˵ƽˡ


1987 Թ
޳ǰ˵ĶһҲûͣЪȫսӵ˲ֻҪԼһֱҲû취
Թһƺµ޳뷨ǰ˵Ȱ㻹ЩǸϿ³ǻҿɲ𡣡
˵֮۾Ҷ䣬ҶҺԼȻǹϵãҶҲ޻ҪĸҪɱҶ䡢ǷϵҶ䣬ԼҴķ㣬οȺпȥӵȺ֮УҶ޾̨ϵսȫΪ
Ҷ޶ͬһʦڣ֮Ȼܴ󣬿ȴѣҶޱϳҶң᲻ŭԼؼһ˶뿪Ҷ޳̨ϡ
޳ԼһʱҲκβԹ󣬶Թ˵һԼҪǷӳʵЩһܵ䱻Լ˺ʹ̨ϰְţֱ³
޳Щˣ˵ǻ뿪ɣѹ֮£Ҳû취ǡ
޳˵֮ЩȻԥţҲǵսͲֵܹģԼʵܵѹƣ󷨶ʵԽСѹԽǿһһ߶磬ȷǰ£㲻ûһСĶ
ǿ޳ֻܹеϣ޳ϣǶ޳һ˵޹ӣȫָˡ
Щ˷׷³ֻ¹ŸҶ䣬ŸǷŭΪ󷨵ѹƶӰܴҪȴоԼڵԽԽܿơ
޳ҲˣǶԹŸ˵Ҫģһ˻ӦˣҪҡ
Ÿɫ䣬ų·Цһۣ漴³
ֻʣ޳Ҷ䣬ҶȻʵȴûдﵽ򾳽磬޳Ҳ뿪ɵҶᶨʱ֪Լ˵ʲôҲûôǸæ˵Ҷ䣬㸺ΧЩǿߴϣҸ㵲סĹ
Ҷͷ
һѳϸβƣ˵Ƕôǿ޳Ŀ֮У÷ϴʹõĲ潣
У
һȥΪеıԵɷѨɣκζܹиԾҲ޷ȫֹС
Թɫ䣬һʱڷѨǰ棬һȣǰһ޴Ľܣڽܵ赲֮£вǱֹ
ղҶ𣿡
ڻ򾳽磬ȻܹʹóѨ
ܻ˵ŲԶҶ̾ҶֵܹȻộĶôȴ˵һ
ҶҲû뵽żѣҶʵѾôǿҲǾϣʵɾȴɱ֮ϣҶû뵽ġ
ȻǸе𾪵ŸոտʼԹ󿴼ҶԼҲһвҪȳҶٶԸ޳һҶߣҶȴʧ
Ҷһ˲ȻŶѣȴѾܿˣȻ˲ȻѷɫһЩ
µĹڿ˵޳ʵǿôڳԹҶ֮׷սè׽һ㡣
ֻϧèû׽סı£Ҷʹһ˲Ĳ󣬶Ƚ֮£ԹҪô׷ȥҶ仹û׷Լſˡ
ɶҶôʹ÷ҵ似Ҫ÷֪㾡еҲҪַҶҡ
ҶһȻѾԼɱԼֺα档
˵似÷ҵģЦѲеķϵ似÷ҵģҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
Ҷ˵֮һгԹȥһ˲ȻĲ󣬿Ƿжʣ඼˵ǼأһһԹע޳󷨱Ե͵һȭά󷨵Ǹϣֻ󷨱ԵŽ⣬ԽԽǿʢŷѵ
޳Ǹˣзһ˵ɳȥ
һά󷨵ֻʣ¾ŸˣӦûɣ
˶ôģɵǿ׷ҶԹ󣬾˵ôᣬ󷨲ǱƵ𣿡
Ҳ¶ЦݣЦδԵ̫ڽթ˵󷨵ȷˣĿȴѾﵽˡ
޳ŷԭЩ֧󷨶Ǽװ˵Ѿ֮У󷨣ƺһʩչġ
޳ͱսôãԼƭˣһα˰һ
һЦҶһۣҶԼһĶǿûҶҴָֻܹҶᡣ
Ͼһôʱ䣬ټҶĴױ޳˼
Ƕһ޳֮ǰĶԾǲ£ټҶԸǺ׻ʤ𣿡
ûڳ۷׷ףо޳ڵСĽ̫࣬Щ޳ҶڵĴֹۣȫԹ֮У󷨾൱֮ڣһȫȵʮˡ
޳˵ʱ¹ҪĲǴƽ
ν󷨣ǶãһĹУ໥֮䷢áһеһиԴ֧֣޳ô졣
Ҷ俴޳æ㵽޳󣬵ΪС޳һǿվڹΧڵǵס
սꪳ޳УǺɫʱɢûдﵽ򾳽ҶںսߣΪܲ˺սаʴǷ࣬ʱΪʲô޳һ㲻ʹʹó֮Ͼһɷ֮ԭǺսꪸĹ
а̾Ҳ޳ܹܵ˺սꪵʴͨ˵Ļͽⶫӵˡ
ҲҶ䣬ΪҶ仹δսꪵᾪı
޳úսôһһ˾޴ķѨѨ̺ǿϵĸƸ
޴ķѨ˲ֱӽ׿ȣͣһ¿ɲֻԹ󣬾Ϸ۷ǿ߶ɫæ󷨵Ķ򽫻µһȥ
ԹȻ˵ҶҵķѨҲ׷Ѩǿ֪ͬѨ㣬ѨǿֻҪץסʱ뿪ͿˡѨô޴Ҫǳ߶ԼˣΨһİ취շȥ
˼ֻǵʯ֮䣬ӶȻſзȥӶʱһڵ㣬ȻеɵǣʱѾﵽ˼ǧ׵ĸ߿գɷǳ޴ȫȶ壬һСľͻᱻѨ֮С
ڷѨҲ˵ˣ޳ǵһӷѨлųˣΪʱ޳ǿ󣬿ڵķѨһҲҽС
޳һоϱһǺӣǷѨޱȣԶȴŵ׹⣬Ư


1988 
ⲻҶҵķѨ˵Ҳֻʮô޳Ҷҵ似һҶǿˣѲ޳Ҷˣ
Ȼ޳ɢһЩ޳֮Ҳʼ˵޳޼ʥأҲ˵޳һʮǰڴ½ʧĸ˵ӣȻҲ˸޳ֵĵطƶ޳һСֺ˵޳ҶҵˣһֱҶҰΪְҶסˣ޳ʱ
˵ûȷ֤ݣʱ޳ʹóѨƺӲ֤һԡ
ִһʮʮٵɢˣڴϼ޻ӵĶ֮УϯϵϢݸһЦЩ˻ʲô˵
޿Ц˵Ҷû뵽Ҷһôһ˲ţ޳Ҷ֮⣬Ҷһ𣬲һ˵ǼԾһ£Ծһ£Ǻܲõġ
ҶЦһ˵ⶼһЩҥԣ²Ҫ˵Цˣ޳Ҷ֮Ҳͺˡ
һ仰˵˵˼Ȼ޳ûмκμ壬ôֻҪܹҵ޳ϲã޳ԼĻܹӼʵ
ϯϵûȵ۹޳޳ĻëͷŹϯϵˣа˼ղô£ôҪ˳˵Ĵ
һӣѨһĻһ㣬Ȼ󽥽ʧ޳ԼʵֻصˣڷѨջʱȴ¼޴ȭͷһɫȭͷͬСɽһ㣬ĳ޳

Թ뵽Լʮ˵Ǳ޳Ƶֵز߳ŭ֮£ﻹܱĹأһ֣˵սľɱУǽɫȭͷʵ£û䵽ϣѾʼݡ
ѾȫĹˣ˴Ĺƾ輼ѾѶ㿪ˡ޳Ҷ˵³Ҳס㡣
Ҷֱ֮뿪Χֱ뿪֮˿Ϊղŵʵ̫ˣѹ֮£ȫûа취Ϣ
Ƕ㿪ˣ޳̨ϣ̨ϵѾĿһĻΪ⼸Ƕܹжôǿǧ׵ľ룬м仹зֵɸеľսл޳Ǹӿ¡
ȭͷ£ͬʯһ㣬ҪʯˣǾ޴Ʋɵĳ޳ѹȥ޳ûѡߣΪҲûеطߣһҪ뿪أˡԹһǳˣ޳÷ѨƵ뿪طΧҲ֮֮
Ǻǡ
ս̨ϴһЦ˲䴫ȫаϢȫΪ֮һ񣬲֪ĻΪаħҪء
ȻڳֻһˣǱ޳޳ΪλЦó
̨ϵ˲⣬ϯϵҲ⣬վڿеԹͷԡֻк޳ֵ޳ֵÿһ˲䣬ܹ޳ϸܵһĪȻǷǳǿ󣬵ǽ⼸ȴǴ´ࡣ
ʱֹһ㣬ȭͷҲû½ֹͣˣ۾ս̨Ϊ˾Ҫ޳ֵһ̣ûлᣬ˵ʵ̫ҪǿҲֻܿǣһӰӽɫȭͷ֮䴩ȭͷڵϣȴûд޳Ϊ޳Ѿǵϴһ޳ҲǴгġ
Թ޳г˾ȣȴǿ˵ߣڶû
޳ü˵Ҫɱ֮ǰȿһԼʵѵΪϵȵùܴùңѣֻҪʹصܽҵĻֻҪص
޳վڿ˵ȴûע⵽Թڻ䡣
Ҷ·ĳ̾һ˵Сİ
Ҷ޳ûзԹСȭͷ˵̫ˣȻ丸ӡ
仰ɾͲԸˡڵʵҶ˵Ҷ仰ʲô˼
ҵ˼ĶӺһա
Ҷһûµץ񣬶ǵĵĿſУһ޳֮ܵ˿Щ򲻹ԹȻٴһУô㿪
ɸ޳ʱӣϵɷһħһ㣬ǿʢ֮£ôѡ㿪
Ȼ޳ǵûѡ㿪ѡֱϣֱӳ֮С
Թϲû뵽Լûп޳޳Լһ˵ȻԼҾͳȫ㡣
˵꣬ӱʧˣһγֵĵط޳ɱʢһȭ޳ĺ󱳴ȥ
ã
޳ѵûз֣Ϊʲô㿪
͵̨µ˵ĹѾȭͷ롰޳ڣ˵ľ֮У¶ЦݣЦ漴̣ΪԼֲûв֮еĸоǻ˿֮С
ǰ޳ת
ԡ
㡭㲻Ӧá
·ҲȵĿ޳޳о޳һûվԹǰɾԹǴƫˡ
վǰƫƫߴ
ģ
˿ʼ²⣬ô붼ҲһɣƲôܻŹԷأ
ԹٴʧԶ֣ȵ˵ôܣôܲ󷨵Ӱ졣
޳ź۾Ǻ֮Ψһһâſ˵ȴͬĶߣʱὫɡ
޳֪ʲô֮ǰûʹóսꪣȻû뵽սϵĺԸѹЧ
޳ֽƷʱͻȻԹ˵ˣˣΪʲôѹƲסˡ
ͻȻ仰޳ҲǺܺ棬Թʵ˵Ϊʲô󷨵ѹƣ
ֻһܣߵĺܱ㲻ܸơϵĻ
޳жȻһ˿ɫһɱȥԹɱʱͣ˿еĻ˵ʱ޳ȴǸԼ֮߳ǰͬһ޳˻ɱ
߳ŭˣѵĲǡ
û˵꣬ȴ޳ֳԼǰԼô޳ǳߣ˲ֻҪֹͣһ£Լ
ʼֻˣΪֱʱף׷ԼĲ޳Ҫո񣬲ԼôӣӲ׷
޿κεֻýϣԼϣ·ϯȥҲÿдϲæ˵ңҲ
ϧȥԼ󷨷Ǳ


1989 Щ¶
͡
޳վڿУսȴԹʬ壬һ仰û˵Ѿ
սꪷ£Թ建䣬յڵϣȻǧ׵ĸ߿ˤϣûκηʩ˲࣬ȫʬ

¹˲Լݣһ˺ѷεĴ󺰣˲˳ȥ޳ȥҪ𣬿ôǻ˱Ĺأ۷ǿ˲µǰ˵ȥ
¸ܵǿϵɱ⣬һˮ۾ƺҪ޳һ㡣
޳סӽ쿪ʼԼҺƲ
һ˼ʹӡ󣬻û˼˷ŭϼҲûм¾Ȼôйɼ޳ǳ׽¸ŭˡ
ϼϷһЦ޳а룬ȻˣҲ֣Ҳᵽ鷳ȻǺǿ󣬿ԼңԼҵλˣҵǿôӦǡ
ֻϼӣҪ޳Լ뷨˷׷״⣬Ͼ޳Ȼǿ󣬿û˻ԸΪԼԡ
뵽û˻ôɵʱ˱㿴Ҷ䳯޳ȥ޳һ˵ʲô˳ҶȥѾ̬ˣҪֹҶҺ޳ϵֹĻ˵ҶҺ޳ѡһ
ɵǿҶ˿Ϊ֮һ࣬ȻҶ´ڲͬÿһȷġ
ҶȡʤҶҺǿĹռϵһԼҪԸ޳Բô׾͵֡
תͷҶϵϢȻͷųҶûӭս΢΢һЦӺһֻհվҶǰ棬ϢûͷųѾ¸ˡ
ɫһ䣬صԼλϣɫȻͺһӱˡֶ޳⣬뷴ĶӣԼĶҲ޳ϣʶ޳׳֮ʱӦòһа޳޳ɱˣﻹô顣
׷Ī
ӵȷ˿ǹϯϵˣ˵仰пϰΪ仰ɥǶͬģǶȫˣӲֵͷǵͬġ
޳һսûյ˺Ҳû˷Ѷ٣ӵĹָܹû뿪ʶɨܣһΧûԹǾ仰
˶û쳣ʱ򣬲˿û뵽ԼܾȻ㱩¶òߵһɲǰ
Թ޳ôеʣԼеô
һԱκ鵱ǰҪΪΣۿԼĿ۷壬޼ʥԽԽԼôܹʧܣ
Ҷ俴أҲûжʣɽ֮󣬱޳뿪оʱֻ޳飬޳嶼ޱȣȻߵ޳סĵطʱһСſڣСǰľʬ壬Ҷ俴С̾˿˵ôˣ
ȻμӱģҸ˵㳤ôƯҲô˧֮⣬ûܺ㡣
ҶһΣ⺢ù߻ˣҲѧãи㵱ƫƫһһжѧ׵ӣѧϰ׵ӿɲֻǻʵ
Ҷ벻ףȻհ֪޳μⳡΪʲôҪСѵҪСȥ
޳֮ĹϵĿǰֻ·Ц޻֪ԹհȻ֪޳Ҫԡ
޳Ժ֮оһǿϢӦ̫ǿˣ޼д󾪣æֱӣҶ䱣Ҷ˵СģΧһµǿߡ
޳оǸǿ߾ڸɳΧȥ˵ʬ֮⣬ֻʣ½ŲʬС
ÿˣ˵ǿ߾ң
СͷãڳΪ˧ͣڱУǰͷһŪ¶ԲӤʵСʮٻûȫͣĿɰ
޳ȵؿСϸһϢϢȷǴСϴģ۾ôܣǸСѾﵽ۷ľ磡
Сǿȫ֪ͬʱҲСݣֻ˼µĹԡ
ȷֻǳСʣҲǣµ⼸ʬ޳ȥ˵㻹ڵΪ˸ٶֲˣΪ㻹żֱ£ڿͷûʲô𡣡˵Ҷ䣬ͺҶͳһսһ㣬˵԰ɣ򡣡
һ򣬷еҶΣһСĵģһ̫ܲ档һ棬޷ȡùḸ׵ͬ⣬ֻôС֣һĽҶ䣬Ҷû
޳ıǹ죬֪Ҷģôſ϶ģһСӣΪǿʵǿȥ
ι˵һСô˵𣿡
Ե޳Ȼһøֵӡ޳дС߳ʲôˣֱûдС
СӾҪСӣҪɱɱӦúͣ
Ҷ޳֣֪޳֮ǰģҲܷйϣοһǹԣҪĻǳ˹֮˭סȻڹȴ
㡭
С죬гŭ
ʲô㰡
Ҫɱ㡣߿ȻҶ䣬˵򣬿ÿ
ҶҲ֪ô죬֪ԼһִܽûиأҵԺӲ֪ݻ˶ٴΡ
ŹԴϢгȣŲһʵ͹հûзû֮ǰ࣬ǿ൱¡
һϵĻʢͻȻ䣬ˣһɫĲӰ޳޳û뵽Ķô죬ûüӦԼĶӱ˹һȭζǷ
΢ͣٲĿ޳˵û뵽ôӲҸʹõڶ࣬˼ٳһȭ
һȭľ޳ûлһȭǰ棬ǹȭֱ͸壬ںð
Ҳ
޳Ĺͣ³Ѫ
ߣҸ׶ҽѵңȻôǿҷķϣһ㡣
һСӣ޳λ֣ܵվֱ壬֮ǰС¾ȫˡ
ֻܵҶǰ˵򣬰ְ˵ʶһǿߣﰡܸܲܽң


1990 
Ǹ޳ǿߵ
ҶЦһŸոձһٵ޳˵ʵǸѾˣ޳
ŵ޳ཱུСϳ𾪣Լ˵޳޲ڣ˵޳һʮҲ޳Ķ֣ô벻׿е޳Ȼˡ
ôܣҪҸƭңҾͶҽ˵ˡ
ֻҶ޳ҲеѾòˣֱһħ
ϸ޳۾ڿʲôһ㣬漴ʵ޳
޳˵ͷ
Ǻãȵս֮ʱϳĲ㣬ÿġ
ߵһת뿪֮ǰһ仰
ˣЩںǵʱ˵ʲôºԹп鷳С
޳һԼȻһӽѵҶһۣжǳΡ
ǹհıӣȻǺһģһ㻹˵ģСҲƢܵġ
ҶݸһЦţͬʱ޳ſڿһ㾫ӡǣֻҪڸᱻ֪ղűһСѵɲڷһΣ¾Ȼھ˶Ըȫ޳Ԥϡ
ҲǱƼˣΪϼء
ҶЦЦ˵ΪֻҪڵ۶֮У¾˴Ӻ޳޳ʵֻҪ뿪۶²ڵ۶ڳ֡
˶²ϣǵĵǽıԣܼ˻ûϳ˹֮⣬һ·ЦҲǼֽɫ˴սƾ޳Ҳ̫ɡ
ص䣬޳Ҷ䣬ʵǲ֪·Цʵ
֪ҵĵ޵̬ȣûд㣬Һ֮ľҲԶ˺ܶ࣬ҲΪԵʣǡΪʲô
㲻˵Ϊ𣿡
Ͼһĸãһ̵ˣ˵ĸͳ·Ц£·ЦԸһᣬǱߺ׼㲻ܸҸ
޳̾˿ҲԼӦô
ҶţһֹӣҶ˵˵һЩõϢҲ᲻Լ
˺ĬĳĬֻĲˮر֮Ҷվ޳˵ԼȺúһ룬ȥˣڵʵϺȡ
ҶȻܹȻŹ͸ԼĴûᣬҪÿʱÿ̶ԲȥĲ㣬ܣ̧ͷգԼĸ˵̫ãʱҪһϴһˡ
һ꣬Ѫ꣬ûʱȫԸ취ս
ʱڱɭ֮Уһ׽£ڷ٣¾ƮƮӣڿУ۾Χľ·۵סһۣ·˫۾ܹǧ֮ǰ顣
ڴﵽ۷ˣʱӦûüԼ
޳Ȼ˵ĲᣬٶȣһʱѣѾȫˣһƶ
⼸ҲҶټŸƺڻŬж࿹⣬޳ɲ׽ӽһ˼ǿһѡ
ͻȻ޳һ飬ڱƺ˲õ顣
űȥа˼ѲҵĴ
ȻܵǿϢĿɲֻнӽ۷ǿߣǶоɿµϢˡ
Ȼڻʹ֮еǴվгֻŵűֺµɫԽԽŨȻµȴڱϢ֪ԼΪʲôẦѾźõˡ
СԼؿϣ૵˵ôˣѵʲôǵ𣿡
֮󣬱ֿʼˡµĹԽԽ࣬ҶǳɱӣвһЩרǿ֮սˡ
ȺУһƤĴ󺺽һ˿Ž᳡ڼϵ˿Ҳ󣬶ʮ꣬ǺȣȴһĴڣΪ㿴һӵر񣬼ֱҪȺӻҪͯ档
ļʤѩ߷ֱżߣƤԳ֮£Եøۡ
֮࣬æסԼñӣΧ˵ðһһòûУֻǿ߱ѣֲȥս̨ʲôÿġ
ǴߵԼλ͵һ£ֻһ죬ӾȻˡ
Ϊ˶һռ˵λӣǸֱϿս
ģΪǿôֲ޼ʥأЩǿ߸Ŀ
Χ֮ĶԻ¶ͬı飬ڿһ㡣
ȻĿ磬͸Һú˽һĿ磬ǵҪǲСȥ񡣡
ͬ˵ĻҲǷǳˣΧ˶ǵӣǵĻȻҲϡ
Ŀǿ߶޼ʥأҿ֮ǰ޼ʥشˣԲŲȥǱߣǴССţ۾ȴվ̨֮ϣֻһˣǱ޳
еӽʧȡ֮أߴ󺺵֣˵ܣ㿴˵ϢûиһֺΣյĸо
󺺿޳˵ͷ˵ȷСӵǱֻڵʵȴҸеһ˿ɵһɳһһھĿǿߡߵ꣬˵ȿһʵΣܹвǣڲǺ
޳վ̨ϣȻʮ˶ʮˣǶ˶ԣȫ޳һ˶ԸʮһεĶֲûʵôǿģֻ֮ǰͨĶ飬Щǿ߷棬ÿһԶһ棬Ȼر޳ǰǾһЩСආԼȫв
޳ǰһǾͺһ޳̧ͷŵöʱͷųȫԸĶԴ޳
𣿡
꿴˵ıֺһڵ꣬ĸڵģһ۷ģôᱻųӡ
ܶͷЩ˲Ҷ֡ҲܹǰǴͨˣǹϷĸ뷨ȻܹԼʵһȺ˱Ƶһĺˡ
ߵĴ˵ǽĲʱ򣬱˵ĴսǿˣһȺʵȻܹ꿹⣬ǵˣⳡսѾˡ


1991 ͵Ϯ
˵ͷߵĴ󺺺ǲǴ󺺵۹ģ˴ûʧȻ˵ЩˣЩ˾;ӮˣҪһ£˽ڵСνһȺ˴ܵġ
ܼ򵥡
޳һԾָڿһһ߳ڿУлη
Ÿ迴߲ɵúһΪ޳߽ɱģǱĻҲһ٣в֮£ܵĶ߸еη
ЩȻ֪һȴǶܵвһɫҪɵУȴԼĶλãͷһѲ޳׼뿪
ֲ˼Լʲôʱ޳޳רԼ
ǵȻ벻ףΪ޳û׼ǣԾһͷųҲʲôЧֻͷɹһҪߣҪߵĻȷһñ޳
һĻ֮٣ϯϵЩҲֻſףͨ޳ٶǱ㿴޳˵ıʣϳаɱĵȴǸ
Ǹ󺺿һĻп޳ɫʡ
̨ϵЩܶݵ뿪ǿԼûа취㿪һЦ޳˵޹ʵǿ֮ȻǰԹүû㣬ǸָˣӷŹһ䡣
޳û뵽ԼӮôףȻԷҪ䣬ȻҪᣬֱһӣеĺ߶ʱʧ
ЩһԼ뿪ս̨Ȼ޳ת׼뿪ʱ򣬶ԷЩˣһͻȻͷųϢû޳Ӧǲ潣ֱӽ޳֮УһɺɫѪڿл޳ʱǰȥδ
վڿ̨ϣԼϵļ˺¶Ŀ˲ˣǵ޳ǳɭֵֽ÷϶ϵĲ潣ѪϾǸĿУ޳ڵϣĴЦš
޳Եˣڸ籨ˡ
һЩ˵÷ϴ޳ɱĴԣǴվǴԣûţ÷ϴ֮úеһƴȻʵĿҲһû뵽÷ϴȻǰոճ޳ɱ
һЩ˽÷ҵ˵ܰɣ÷ҿǷϵߣ÷ϴԷϵо÷ҵٶ¶һģôܱ޳ɱ
Ҳԣϵ޳÷ϴǿ󣬿÷ϴҪ뿪޳ôܽ
һΪԼ޳÷ϴǳ˽⣬ȴԱһûСʵ޳粻Ƿϵͻϵ𣿡
Сĸ׿Χһɫ̵ǿߣæԼĺӱż˵Сӿ졣ȻԼǿ˵λ⣬Сʲô
仰˿Цһ
СӲС˵ûʲôŮһ˵ͺԼڲװһ㡣
˺ĬĳĬԼ˵࣬Ҳڰ𾪣˫ϵߣǹʵôǿأ
˫ϵʵȻҪһǿ󣬿ٶҪĶ࣬һ꼶ỹﵽڵߣպǿܹƥС
˵ʲôҲѾˣ޳ѾôصˣűҪˡ
˻ϲǣһҶĵĲ㴳ս̨ϣһЦ°Ͷڵϡ
Ӧ޳ɱҶӵıӦ
ڴЦţȴû£ǹĵֻһǱ޳û
·ЦҲϷ۷ǿ߲ûʾԼжʱףͬʱҲ޳ĸ̾޳ⶼ˷Ƿ޿ų·ЦķӦûпѯʣҲ֪ڵ״ûż΢Ц·ı仯
÷϶ԼĲ潣߸߾𣬱ΪȫΪԼս޳ʤȴû뵽һƬŭһΪ޳˵˷ŭ·Ҫֽ÷϶һ١
÷϶Ӯ޳û˻˵ЩʲôʹЩĵļɣȫǱ͵Ϯ͹һߵ޳ȣֱթ˼㡣
һԹ϶ȥˣվԴ˵һᣬ֮ǰ˳㽫һΣ
óǶôϲ޳޳һһԼҪŭɵ󺺵ı֮ȴеǳȣΪ󺺲ûзǳг𾪣಻ѡ
޳һ˲ţڸմǰ˲䣬Ҷܱ֤üӦ޳ȴӲŲһ֡
ס֮˵˵޳û
󺺵˵ͷ˵СܺãҲϣĵˡ
˵ͷЦ˵Ҳԣ
˶Ϊ޳ˣԵ޳ӵʱ˵ı鶼ˣΪ漣޳úˡȷһѪߴ϶£·ѾѪȾ죬ԵҲһжɲȷʵһܵôصˣȴɻվӣƺս
޳ûڵľٶ
÷϶ʵȻ÷ϴҲ÷ϴ󣬿ɸղ͵ϮĶȴ˭ҲûٶȺʹɱһ÷ϴ֮ϡ޳һˣҡҡ׹ļһ֮ʵԱҲ̫ˡ
أһЩ˿ʼ޳³ǺԽߣ޳ƫƫͲ³Ҫ÷϶ףʵ֮Ĳࡣף͵ϮҲû취ɱԼ
÷϶ӶʱУǷĹͬʱʩչ÷ҵľ伣Ӷʱʧһֵĵط޳Цݣһûɱ޳潣ƫ˼֣һΣԲ޳ȥ
似ٶ֮ҶȲϣ޳ô죿С۾ֱĿ޳·Ҫ޳ÿһУ޳һתǲ潣ߴһԾ÷϶롣
ʹõĶ򵥵ʽ޳ʹ֮£ȴ˲һЧҾǰȴԶҵЧЧֻø÷϶Ҳпⳡˣֻһ뷨Ǳ޳࣬Ǵ˵е
ߵĴҲͷ˵ҶȲϡ
ܵȻȲϡ
һ˵Ȼ󣬵ҷǳ
겢󺺣ǿ̨ϵսΪڸտʼȷ޳ռϷ磬޳Ͼܵشڵ滹ڵѪʵһܵƣһֵ˭Ӯ˭仹һء
һ㵹ǿԿ϶Ǳս̨ϵĶλ


1992 ҶĻ
޳ڵĴϢţȻûһȴǽԼڴٸ˵ǿϣҪսʵͬģΪرǿɸʹ̫Ҳǲʹ似սꪶóϾս֮ϵаϢ״Ŀǣһսꪸóõһ˲䶼ܲˡ
Ҷæ޳ߣ޳˵޴ôеĻͲҪǿȻǵʵǿ󣬿ɼԸܹлġ
޳ҡҡͷڵ÷϶ѾȣѾ÷ϴƽҶڵʵ˵Ǻ÷϶սˣ÷϶Ĺܡ޳ǿһ˿ЦݣҶ˵֪ѾڵҲָܹƭ㣬ֻ֪ҡұӿԼȥ
ҶСΪȫǳǸԱ˵ģԾЩҲˡ
Ҳ֪Լʲô޳˾޴Σˣϵ·ѾȫѪȾ죬ɲ޳ʧܣѾԤ÷϶
޳̧ͷҶ˵ԣǶ³ɣһһ
Ҷͷ޳֮Ĺϵã޳ô˭޳ŹŸҲ³Ͳ֣ġҶ˳޳еοǹŸһԵ³ȴеץ񡪡ʲô̬ȣҲҪһҰɣ
޳λѾ³Ƕ޳Щ˻ʲôɲ޳أ
Щһ³޳ҲͷˣûϢĸţ޳׼ע޳˵Ҫ
ߣǿԴҴСͱѵΪ̿ͣҪһѵ˼꣬ҸҵľִΪҾô
οҵĲ潣ҲһĲ潣ŶҩҩЧѾɢȫȫò˶೤ʱ䣬ͻһʬңνǴ̿ͣǱںڰ֮еˣΪҸ籨ҲںǱĸһЩ
ʱĻСģΪˣɲɵʱŭȻ޳ûô֤ʵѰ취ǹӮ޳
޳ԼߵѪĨȻһƽ˵˵ûУ֪֪Լ£ҪӵҩЧ𣿡
÷϶Լı𴩣һ˿õ⳯޳ȥϻ˦һȫλ޳ж
޳û˵Ļ̶ֳȵĹȫһȭſ£ֻܹԼȡʤ
һż΢̧·ڿгһ֧㣬֧Ϊתǡý㿪ŵٴվӶʱʧڿУ÷϶д󾪣Կ϶޳û˲似ôܸɴﵽǰʧЧǾֻС
潣Լߵä˦ȥֻžһ޳֣ͬʱ޳ٵԶԼ
ϣ潣·еƫб޳˺ǳ˻ѡȥ
޳ɻ󣬸ղŵһʲô˼ѲҪ̽ң÷϶־ŭſ־ı飬һ̾ӱ˿ˡ
÷϶һС÷ҳˣСʱ㿪ʼ伣ţСɣˣЩȼ֮л˽ʱ䣬޳żԼ÷˶ãĸµʱķ伣ȴҪԼǷŭҲΪԼļеҴ似ȻһѧȥˣҪõ棬ǱЦ
۾⿴޳Ҷ俴ȥ֮ǰ˵Ҷʹõ÷ҵ似ΪЩУɿ޳ʹõʽ֮޳һ似Ҷ䡣
ȫɱɱֻ޳ԳµҶ䡣
Ҷһûнϣ޳û£ֿ÷϶Ŀ⿴Լ۾һת
ӳȥ֪ĻΪΪ޳ˣżģ÷϶ȴóҶʹõ÷ҵĲⲽǳȷԼķ伣Ҫʤһ
ĴڵĴӶǵͨ죬޳󣬿ɵµҶ֮ʱЦ⣬Ҷ䡭
޳Ȼ͵÷似һһҪ似
޳װһʲô֪ӣգ۾ʵ÷϶˵仰ҿɾˣ˵ȥʲôȥ
Ȼ÷ҵķ伣ˣ
伣޳װ˼Ȼ˵伣ҿɲ֪ҵ似һ˲ѧѧĻҿԽ㡣
㡭
÷϶һûһǺԼ޳÷϶֮ĶԻСϾ似͵Ǽҳνҳǲñ֪Լҵ似͵ߵ顣޳ĹҲ࣬ǵĲǼҳ󲻿ƥﻳһ֪÷ҵķ伣Լ͵ѧȥһǰԼġ
һϴﵽһ£ɳµĹȴ˲սôͻȻˡ
ϯϵ˿÷϶ϱ任ɫ˵÷϶ô꣬ѵǰ׻ˣȻһӣɺͳ޳СӲս֮һõ
ŷܼ̾ҳϣϷ֮⣬ҪҵĿɲҶңܼҡ
޳֪÷϶ѾԼ⣬ٿͷռˣͿ÷϶һӣɽ֮һЩоΪԼĴɸղҶʾ֮£ôԸ
Ҷ俴޳еĹâ֪޳ѾҲһҸطŹۿս
޳ʤ㣬֮ԻҪô޳һʧ÷϶Ͼ÷ҺҶҿͷһǿ߶Ҷ˵һ¡
޳̤һ˲ӰȻʧ֣ƮϢҲ׽ڳµ޳ˣһ㣬ã÷϶ȥģ÷϶ͳ޳ȴѾ뿪һطЦ
޳Ҳ÷϶ȻƢô书ȴһһǿߡ
һȥ÷϶Ҳ֪Լ޳ȴ֪޳ʱʹȫðΣգľ˶һСٱѿѿҲͰˣؼĶѸ٣ѿ֮⣬嶼ܻ룡
޳ܺãһʧܣ÷϶Ϊһˡ
÷϶÷ҵһ˲˵д½似ôҵһ˲ôࡣ
÷϶޳ôĴ󺰣֮Ա˺Ƥʲô޳˭÷ҵĶ÷ҵĶ˭ߡ
޳СȻ÷ҵ似ҫ


1993 һ
޳СȻ÷ҵ似ҫ
÷϶Ǻ·ʱᱬը֪µһ似ԽĿתƵϯ֮ϣ˵λ÷ҵѣ÷ҵ似Ӧһ˲ǳϮ÷ҵķ伣˵ǲǣ
޳ɲЩ˵Ļᣬ֪һʱ侮ʯϼӵˣϣԼӮñǲϣԼս̨ȷ÷ǰȻǰʵǿֵѧϰƤҲ֮ڿ˵һ˲÷ҵ似飬Ҳһش𣡡
޳˵Ƴģͬһȫط˲㽫÷϶ѹס
˵עҲ޳ȥǶ޳Ҫ޳ʲô⡣
һ˵һ˲÷ҵĹΪʲôȴȲң˵Ӧ͵͵ѧϰôܱ˼˻Ҫ
֮󣬷׷׵ͷǿɲһǿȥ͵ߵ似
Σڿ˵һ˲÷ҵ似һ˲𣿡
ʵһ˲ͷ伣ȻͬһԴһ˲Ҫȷ伣ѵö࣬˵һ˲ܼ򵥣ɱϾ˵伣ôܽһ˲ʹ
ʵ޳ʹ˸ˣӦҶһʾһ˲ʱ򣬹һ伣УȻûȴ÷ʹãٻһ£Ȼʵϣһ˲ͷ伣ֲͬ似ڳϮһ˵
ҶĿģǺúõؽ÷϶һ٣÷϶Ǹ˽
˶ûע⵽ҶĶǿ̨ϵȴע⵽ˣжȺ𺳣һڵˣȻ÷ңݴ͵ʶǿҲǳ¡
Ȼעĵطֻˣ޳֮Ĺϵ֮ʦѣĽ޳ʦ޳Ľѣ˵ϣһµϡ
˼ĿҶ䣬ͻȻһЦ˵û뵽һ߾Ȼôˡ
˵޳ߣ
ΧһΣ޳֪ȴ޵һָֻš˳˷ӵñ֮⣬˵˴󻰾
ʵߵ˵޳Щ˺
˰һۣ˵˿Բ֪ǷټҶ½˲֪˲ϱŷʮ꣬ͻȻαϣԼʵȻѾﵽ򾳽磬үǳժˡ
޳߻һǿߣ֮Ϊ۶ǰԦիרźս˵ܹɱ򾳽ޣ򾳽֮ʵȻǸ
仰ĿŹŸ裬ʵˣ˵ĸòǸСӰɣ
û
ߵĴҲ¶ȵ飬ͣ˵ϵ
Ȥû뵽ȻĿ֮пôȤˡ
Ÿڳ£Ѿ˱˶ԾɢҶҪȥ鿴ȴŸֹŸֱ˵Լû£Ҷ俴ŹŸܵ鴤ɫзŲǸܵŸʵϵʹҲ·ԽԽᣬ˿Ÿʱ⣬Ҳ֪Լ޳
˵Ŀⶼۼ̨ϵ޳Ƕ̨µȫȤ
޳ԼĿѾﵽˣЦݣ˵÷϶شҵ⣬˵Լʤң͵Ϯ֮ѡˮĵֶλһɣ
ϸС˵Ҫ֪ǿиǿֶ֣ΣôҲãҪ޵ݡ
˵֮÷϶Ȼ̧ͷƺʲôӲıȥһ죬ͱѪɫһεοˮɫճ˿Ķˡ
޳ŵĺһ·𿴼ôĵһ㣬ĳЦ޳ٺһЦ˵û뵽ɣʱҲ͵Ϊֹˣұݵʱ򡣡
޳֮ԻôҲʱ䣬˿ϵٶȺܿ죬ڵԼ΢ָһЩһٽ÷϶
Ȼĸá
Ӧ˵÷϶Ķҩõúãǵûн޳Ӵ̼޳ұϵĴѸٵĻָѾﵽԺ÷϶սˮ׼ˡ
÷϶ͻȻЦ֪ˣΪأ
ǷˣǳĴЦţĿ޳·޳ôʧһ㡣
һ̿ͣһɻһѱǽ˵ˣȴˣڲ潣ϴ㶾һ˭֪ǶԵڶûзܶ˶Ϊ綾ڣʵϵһֶҩֻ𵽸ãֿ֪ôǿһ־綾赲˵ˣҲˣֵȥˣǱĵڶֶҩǶƵĶҩǱһʱ䣬ȻʱһԷֻҪʵûﵽ۷壬հ־˶ܲ־綾һҩɾȡ
ʱѾˣ÷϶ȻǸ˵ҪΪĽ޳ɱˡ
Ȼʵ޳վһҲһ仯ûС۾۾ϸϸĳ޳𾪵˵԰ôһ鶼ûС
Ҹ𣿡
޳һϵϢͷų͵һȡ
÷϶͵Ϯȣںҽ뿪ԺûĿˣ
޳ǿϢɢ·սȻӿµǣ޳վûжֻйȴγһϸСķѨ
ԭͷǳֵĿ̨޳ͷųϢ˲䣬ʱըˣ
ûֻըݣ˶վһһߵģȫ֧޳֮ǰ÷϶һЩ֧֣ǿ÷϶͵ϮȻ¶Ϊݵģ޳˵»ܱŷǿʲôǿߣǿߣ
޳΢΢һЦ˵Ѿȥ֮ǰ㱾Ӧóֵģȥѡ¶ҲԼʵ
÷϶ͷ֪Щʲô
ͻȻ䣬޳һЦ÷϶֮£÷϶Цó
˵öԣȫԡ֮ǰȷͶȡˣҲ
ҲǿϢߵϢսϻһ磬漴ײһȻɢһ÷伣һһ˲ǶΪǿˣ˫ٶֻ֮Щ˿һӰӴɢӴɢȻеļеΣգ˭ռϷ磬ֻԼ


1994 
ٴʱ޳ڴϣϲűͬľһ㽫һϵıžžĶѿһоԼϵĹͷȫλֱԼ֮Ÿԭ
䣬ȷķ䣬ôȴ֪ˣֻ֪Լ÷϶ɱȻԼϵ˿ѿǰһڣεڵءʱ򣬾ˣ˯ڼƺֵ飬͵͵ظԼһֻһˣǣܹôĿ
ո洫һִִǷǳĶ죬˹հ֮⣬û˻ôĺˡ
Ȼڹհ߻һˣ˸֮ܵһߣհҲˣﻹҪСڴѵǾϵƲҪϼˣ
æվ·ƿţԼȰŸ򿪣վſһ𾪵عհһЦ˵ǰҪ̽
հٺһЦûʲôۣʲô뷨ֱ˵ֱϲԭ
ǿܵ˺ԴҶˣⲻ鿴岻֪ԭѾԪ̶ֳȣǱǸӸһﰡ
޳кǸла룬ԭҹ˾ˣԼܹõô죬Ƕˡ
ȴû뵽Ĳֻˣˡ
ڲԶݶ֮ϣʹ̾˿Թ˵Ҳڵãĺ£ȫ鹦ڱϣ˶ôίô
󺺲ûĿ߲һ˵ôǵõϣҸ˫ݵģΪֹȥˣҸʮ߷ִأȴζѡ
ٺһЦ۾߿ȥװĴ羰ӡ
޳һߺ͹ո죬һ߳˵ķһֻۣһۣûпʲôȴ˸ŵùǺſڷϣһʵ𣿡
֪
ǻ߿𣿡
󺺶ߵĺ棬¶ͷϾôֻҪһ¶ͷᱻ˿
С˵˵ڳѰʲôȥǧ
һʱ֮󣬴ݶѾԱȱ˵㻹һ
ܴдҿɲһȭ
ܴߵһ˵£ǿ޳󣬾Ͱ޳ܵȥеѪҺǺƣȴӵ츳һţһ뾡취õš
飬Ҳɫ˵ҵǺԸôֻҪô˲顣
ܴ̾˿۾ͻȻŷļµɫ
Ǻɫ·۳һ޴ĺܻӰ겢ûͷųϢɸһֱܴΣյĸо
վ˵ˣܴԺٱǰҪҺ
Ҹýʲô
ҺӣҪú
ܴȴӵȤǺһ˵⻨ȥƭŮ˰ɣɽ˽ʲôҲܣֻ㲻ҪԼݡ
ѽǲ顣
ƻ裬޳ŻؼҵҶ䣬ɻʵҶ䣬ôҴҵĵǸȥˡ
Ҷ俴޳ĵɫ֪޳ôԼΪʲôԭֻǵĹԼԱ㽫ʵ˵
ҷ䶯Ļʵȴغ޻ϼҪڻʵȨ֮ǰԼһиڱҪñ֪Žһ£һҡ
޳仰д󾪣ȻһͣȴҲĲĺҶ̾˿˵Ѿ֮Ѿأһڷֱ
޳ʵӦô
취һ޺ϼڱǰ˺ʤΪ²òλ̫ϻʡһ취޼ʥصǰִ֣޼ʥֵ֧ĶΪĵֻҪ޼ʥشڣµλǳȹ̡
޳࣬û뵽ԼʱĿش֮Уֻܹ鹦ãĿ粻ڶ֮Уû취ô׵ĲС
޳ĬҶɻ󣬲Ҳûйʲôڻط֮ǰ޳˵ˡ˸һ飬ŸǼһ鹤ᣬþûȥ鹤ˣȥһ·һ°ɣ˵ʲô
޳ͷӴ̫ʱ䣬ȷӦóȥˡ
ۿ˵ȷܶ࣬˵ĳ֮УЩܹǮȥۿ˺٣Щۿ˴ܱߵĳУǵΪ벢ѣʱѡ
޳ڴ·ϲûĿĸоָоһֱ鹤ᣬһ빤֮У˵ˣʮ֮˵һ޳
ûʧȺб㱬ɽ޳Ҫһ˲ȴЩ˽ԼΧˮйͨҲš
磡
˽޳Ƶ䣬޳ΪԼ⵽ȺŹȴû뵽Щ˹վԼǰͬĺ磬̬ȱȶֻ޳е𾪡
ǽʲô
簡
ΪʲôôУ
ĸ˵ġ
޳ѾԤУɿ¸վٺһЦ޳ε̾˿ᾭ鹤ԶЩƺһν̬ȣֻҪܹó¸ǿľͺˡ
޳лɻԼǴ磬ô˭
Ҷ䣬Ÿ裬ǰġ
޳һȻЩǿ֮ԼģԼȷʵһˡ͵޳׼ȥҹŸ֮ʱȴ¸꽫Լһߡ
˵޴磬һˣͻȻ˵ҪĻᣬøһҶļһ˵ҶݣôʱҲ磬ŸģǵҲҺ˵ֻжˡ
ҶˣҶݣ
޳һ뷨ǹᣬҪ޸ҶңȻҪ˵ҶˣҶȥĿһŮҲģ޳ѾȥȰˣɵ뷿֮УڷмҶޣ𾪵˵ôˡ
޳һӦͷųԼֱڣܹҶϸֵܵΣոУҶ޷ƵӣҲԼϵջأϾҶڵʵκβԼ
Ҷ޿޳æվ˵ţֻҪ鹤ᣬȥĿһݣû뵽ǡǸŮ˵ԼҪǸˣǱøҡ˶٣ɫ˵˶ѡ


1995 Īǿ
Ҫ˵Ҷûʲô˼޳ôţҶ޺˲ͬͷβûжԼ֣˵ǴͷβԼûų֣Ծ޳һʱҲû취ɣֻĻԼδҲ̫СĽ
һϣ޳ԼҲҶ䣬ҲţҶ޼ԼֻҪҶڣҶҲûʲôΪ
Ҷ޿޳޳ʲôʱһЦ˵Ǿлл޳ֵˡ
Ҷ޽⣬һ޳ֵܣȴķСȻ¸ûоͬͺֵܣɲ˵Ǹ˾ͿôȨο޳Ƿǳˡ
޳ߵһ˵޳Уֵܶ־ˣ֮仹ûô졣
Ҷޱ޳Ǻһ£ûлûж֪֮վ˵Ȼ㲻ӭңҲ᲻ʶʱţϾҼСӱѾͷڵء
Сӱ
޳һ鹤֮УϲСӱѾͷģǻã˸ùЦСӱȻһ޳вЩŭа룬ҪСӱܵίԼһСӱͷ
޳뿪䣬ҹŸģ˵Ÿڶ¥Ҳֱ˶¥
һۿŸ裬޳оŸϷ˾޴仯ȻһģԸʹȻΪƲס
Ÿ迴޳һ˿죬˵ôˣҲӦڼҺúһʱ䰡
޳ҡͷ˵ѽôʱ䣬ܸóһ£һԵʱʲô飬ϵô
Ÿ֣жʱ۳һα滹ɢŴɫĹâڱ˲䣬ʱ·þֹˡҲԹŸΪģǱɢȥٶȼ죬ܿǽ壬ͬһ㡣
޳ĴȣɵôһڿŸʵĿɲһ㰡
Ÿһָϵʱղŵľʱʧʲôûзһ㡣
ʵ޳е𾪣ıȻûдﵽ״̬ȴֻһ߶ѣڵ״̬޳Ҳоڵǿߡ
ҲֻˣڵǹûʧǺ͹ŸںϣŸԼԿĻ޳Ҳѱ֤ԼǹŸĶ֡
޳û뵽Լ֮ȻԼôһϲȻֱ֪仯ԭ򣬿һȴǿԿ϶ģǱһʱ䣬òŵĹŸʹ⵽ˡ
ŸȻɱ䣬޳óǸˣ޳а̾ŸȻѾָˣԼ֮һǿߣ⽫Ժļа
Ÿ轫Լı仯޳޳ľսı仯޳սʱʱ޳ں÷϶սȻûп˼۲쳡µˣûĹ۲졣޳뵽˲ɵаԼΪԼһʱһɴڹŸֱ״̬ͦȥˡ
ҸоѾ˷ӡ֮еޣֻ޲ģǽһһ޴ЫӣǺһۣҾ
޳Ǻ˷ܵģ仰ɵñýаѰ˼ЫӾʲôΪʲôڹŸ辫г֣
ɵ޳ģϾ֮ǰҲΪҪޣ޿סԼ˼ѵŸܹΪ֮Ķӣ
ѵõ޵Ͽɣ
޳ףԹŸ˵Щʲôѯʹ飬ǺȻ䣬һǿʶ鹤ɨ˹ȥ͹Ÿվһ˲档
֪ΪΣô֣ȴǳĸɾһ˶ûС
޳͹Ÿһۣһ˲˶ɣղһʶȻûиܹȴޱȵǿӦý۷ǿߡ
е𾪻ûȥʱȴͻȻһ
˻ͷ鹤ķȥ֮һӣվ¹£˫űӣǰƤֻ۾¶һȦɫ¹֮£̬ɼ¹۾лˮ
䡣
˿޳͹Ÿһۣ·һεɢͬʱһ̧ͷѾӰ
޳͵һԾΪ󷨵ƣڳԽߵĻܵѹԽ󣬾޳Ҳֻһ¥ѣ鹤Ȼߴ󣬿Ϸ޳Ҳû
Ÿѹɫϸ΢ķű仯
վڶ¥󷨵ǿƣ޳ҲܣŸȫҧģǸȴܹϷ˵ģ޳ԽԽеľս
Ÿʶչȥܿ㷢˵ټǼ֮䣬˲ȴ˼ǧ׿⡣
˾ͺ̽Լߵ˻޳͹Ÿϡ޳͹ŸȻǽȥȫǸصݸˣ˿ûô죬ֻǸܵǿϢѪڡ
˸һֱ뿪۶ǲżȥ׷ΪͺǣԲܶԿ춼
뿪۶ķ֮˵ĲͻȻֹͣͷ޳͹Ÿ裬̾ǵĶ̫ˣҵʱɲࡣ
޳˵ӣͻȻ˵㣡
ӿ޳ƺʶԼ˵ûңʶң
޳ʶʶϵǹϢΪ˷ֹ¶ԼſԼӡǣȻЩĶȻſڹâĽ룬ڷӵΧˣҪȥԸԼҵˣȴ׽ԼδϢϢƺԼʱԼйء
һʱлλȣһأ
Ӹû뵽ǿʵȴ޳֣޳޳Ƶĳʱһ֣˵Ҿ;÷Χе֣ܴ˵ҵĴԭСһ֡
ȴҪ鱩¶޳Ҳ֪ģǿԸ
ԭһλܴǣеΪʲôҪң
ûô޳ҲܹԼָֻǲ֪ܸܲϼı
ǻ¸㣬ҽкӣҲԽҺ
ӣ
޳͹ŸһۣȻû˵֡Ÿ谵кʮԱȣʮǵúûкգ˵ᣬʵǿˡ
޳Ŀ˽٣ȻŸ趼֪͸ˡ
ǲ֪ҲҽܣҪ̽һʵᣬ۾޳˵Ҫףܾ㣬Ҳɱ㡣


1996 Σյĺ
Ҫףܾ㣬Ҳɱ㡣
ϵϢȻ䣬ͬĻȴȫ顣
Ҫﵽʲô̶ȲúϿأ
޳ʵ
ӿսʮ޳ɵһЦ˵򵥣ֻʹʮ֮һֻҪܹұһǾǵõϿɡ
仰޳üΪδҲ̫˰ɣ޳֪ԼԶԶѷɫ۷ǿߣΪǹհֽӽ۷Ҳƴһ£һȻûдﵽ۷壬ҾȻ˵ҪΪѹƵ̶ֳȣԼƴȻԼһӮ
޳֣ȴŸס
Ÿ迴źӣ˶˧ͣνһǲݶУŸĻǷǳ󰡡
ӣ֪޳֮ǰܲһԣ
ӿŹŸ裬üͷһ壬кɻ󣬵˭˹ŸģùŸΪܹԼһսǹŸ豾ô
㣿
ӵһоǲм˵ҪԸ޳㻹ʸ񡣡
Ÿ豾ƢͲã仰ʱŭˣȻŸֱɽУҲϣϵɱ֮С
΢ȣ˵Ϣǻǲʸ񡣡
ǳŹŸķһ֣ϯľ޴˾ͲùŸһȵʧ֮󣬵ϾȻ֡޳ûӿһӱﵽ̶ֳȡ
ŸҲ֪Լ״̬Ը˺ӣһףϵϢʱͷųһطӡ⿪Ͼ޴Ϣʱը˸ӣͺȣϲ£ֻӽƾűʣȴϢศ
Ÿ豾ֻ볢һԼȴû뵽ӼԼİҲû뵽ӦʹóһأԼͽʧȥģȴʲô¶ûУûн⿪ʱһ
ǳľϲ޳Ҳû뵽ôĵӦ֡
ǣôǿںǰƺôĲֵһᡣ
ʵǲڱǰԣǰ
һָһɢ·ڿоĲˣǲ˽޳͹Ÿ崩޳ʲôûУǹŸϵϢȴʱʧԭƯ֮еĹŸҲһˤϣ°ԼŪĿӶ֮УǱ
ӸûнϣǵȻ˵޲ҪôȫսڣȻԼ־սʤҪôͽڵһһߡҿһ׵ӣӦúܲϲԼ˵Ȱ㻹ǾɣԼᱻƣʱ򣬿һжѾˡ
תͷ޳˵ԣһǶȽϸȤȻʵǿ̶ֳȣһҲ£ֻܹ޵ĻʵҪǿˡ
˶٣һ˷ܵĹâû޵ʵѾ㹻ǿˣǿ̲סҪ̽һ㡣
޳ǰɱ⣬һǿ߿ߵ޳ǳĲˬ޳еʮˣǱ޼ʥصˣ޼ʥڿʼע⵽Լ
޳һţǵԹȻܹΪԼԼˣȻԹܹ֣˵Թ֮Ҳһܹ֣޳ԼʹúսꪣûнԼó
ӿ޳ֿȭĶԸԼϲɵøֳһ˿ͣһί˵ѵҵʵʹ𣿡
޳ҡͷ˵״̬򲻹ĻȻʹô޳ȴǲΪȻĺսȻܴ󣬿ڶԷ£֮ʤһҲȽϺûָҪǱȽϰȫ
޳һȭȥȭͷΧѾԿεһȭȴһָ̧ˣ޳͵һ˦ţֱĶӣȴһЧûУǼӲԼҪǿö࣬һʽ˲ⲻ޳ûа취ҪڿһҪʹ÷Ѩ֮ʱȴֹ˵ѨвʹãѨ֮еص㲢ûйϵʹ÷Ѩжȫùˣ
޳ͣһ£Լʹ÷Ѩˣۣһûʹ÷ѨѡһԸ
޳ڿһһ߳ڿУΪ˷ֹԼĹǿںŵһ֮Żһ߽ʮ֣޳Ϊ㵽һ໥ȴˣǵû໥໥֮£ԽԽǿ
޳Ž㴦ԽԽг˾ϲû뵽Լ´һ似˼һ£߽㵽һ𣬺һдʮ㽫λʮɱ
ս֮п޳ʹһУһжѣɾѾԷǿ߸ƵֱͶһеʱҲûзɾ裬۾һ˵ãҸ
ʮɱ˺ӵǰſʮɱԶ֮ǰһ߿ǿ񱩵ĻԪؾּͬѹһ㣬ǷϵĹ̺Ŀ񱩵ȴֲǷϵܹͣƷԼǰʲô޳ĸоǺһ㡣
ɲǴǧ磬ʲôϵʹǧƣƫƫûͺ¿޳ɲΪһʹ䷨
ָ֮Ϸһ׹⣬ָ̱ü᲻ɴһ㣬ָʮɱ֮УƷŽȥȥʮɱǳϵı֣ܿԸûзըʮɱϰ档
ԭˣѹ־ΪԭǷϵͻϵ۷壬ҲѹܹԽսһ򼸸
жȣ޳ǣ޳û뵽ȻסԼĹܹʮɱϡ
ϵİ׹⽥ʧ䷨ЧѾ˼ޣ޳˵õĻʧһ˲䣬ֻһ˲Ǵȫ޷״̬Ҳ޳״̬
ʼÿڷ컯ȫת֮£һ޴ĹڿУһкӲûпϾֻ޳һܵǿ֮ʱʱɫĿ޳а˼Ѳ޳޼ʥأΪʲô˸߽׵Ĺ
ãҵҪһôǿ󣡡


1997 ܴ
ֱܹӳԼһֻ޳֪Ҫǿ󣬿ԼѹƣڵʵضȻԼǾһ¡
һҵǿһõֿסǧҪӲΪһһȥҲ޷ơ
䷨ʧ
ǺȴһС˼ӣûеԼ⣬С޳ôõļҲҪʲôʩչ޳Ϊʹ޷֧۳ΣķҲֻһƷһƷѣ
ϵûʧֻǸһ׹⳯ԼٶȺԼܹģȻͷųԼȫʵĻҪܳʱ䣬ӵʱͨ˵̣ܶǶߣӵʱԾ˵һսʤܡ
ʹû뵽Ȼ۳ΣһԷǳ̬չԼǰ͵һ˲䣬ɵ񣬶һ֮䣬Ծɰܡ
ôܣ
׹û֮ǰûзǿ˵
ǰ׹ɵһУ޳к֣Ȼ֪Ҳоƶѷ֣ɱϾԼԼȴɱ
׹վŵľ޴Ӱ֮ʱϵıʱ̡
ˡ
ԼĹоȻڶ
޳һ׶ǿзǳֻҪ򾳽֮ڣ޷ɵһУԼǰǵ˽һиֵסˣһҹ䣬ʲô鶼ûС
Ϊǰ׹ʵ̫ԭĺҹճɰ죬Ǹâͺ̫ĺģ˸޷ֱӡ
أâʧ¶˵Ӱ޳еȵǣ˺֮⣬һվ
Ǹ󺺵ȷʵ˲ҹάһܣºͮͮģҿлƮζ
һͣһðŽػָΪԼ˴鷳ϾԼͬɱˣǴ󺺲û޳鷳һ˺ӵͷϡ
СӾȻٻܣҹʲôݣҸҲĽҾͲܴ󡣡

ಡ
¡
ǰľֱҲ̶ã޳͹Ÿһۣ˫жܹܵĵص𺳡
֮֮ĶԹǳ׽תͷ޳͹Ÿ裬¶Цݣ·ղŽӴᵽµ˲һ㡣
޳ʱ޳Ÿܵǿ۷壡Ѿﵽ۷״̬
ǼЦˣΪȥ滨Ƶˣȴû뵽Ǵк
޳Цһ
󺺹һЦ˵㲻һǷʰ֪ˣԺĳɳǷǳаģҷǵӦǣҪлǡ
βϣܴɷȴһĳˣ˵ȴ˼ҵĸоΪϱǿϢʲôǸһַǳµĸо
޳ҲܹóһǺӿеܴߵܴǰ˵ܴ֮ǰллˡ
ܴ¶һ˿ɻ漴޳˵ǰ޳˵飬ٺһЦ˵Сûʲô˵Ҳ˽ĵģ˵һκǸСսҸ˻ǷǳڴⳡսģôУŸһǱȥˣҪʾлĻǾͼ֮һʵıǿ
ܴ˵ĺ棬Ȼûаٻ޳ΪǰԼʲôĿģȴû뵽ǵĿľȻô򵥡
ԭˣһξҪ͡
޳һ£ͻȻ󰲾ߵĹŸ˵һκ͹Զսôң
ŸһίĿ޳·ڶ޳˵Ҿ˵һ
ǾˣԼúõرսɣСʵҲС㲻òͻΪ۷ߣ̶ֳȵ۷壬޼ʥҲûа
仰޳а̾˹Ȼ޼ʥأô֪޼ʥص飬Ҫ֪Ҳ֪޼ʥصҶ˵޼ʥѡ˲֮⣬˭޷޼ʥ֮УĿĵҲء
޳֮ǰҲ޼ʥصǿ󣬱Ͼսôʱ䣬ļ޼ʥҲһɣ
뿪֮󣬹ŸŻ˵ܹܵҲ޵Ϣǻ᲻ǺһߣֻԼݸأ
޳֪ǹŸ迪ʼˣʼԼǹɽܹƵģȷܹԼԼӵкͿ޵ʵ˵һ޴
޳Ҳǳģϧ޳һˡ
νԹ壬޳֪֮ùŸһʲôıʲôııһһĽıڳ
޳͹ŸصԼԺӣҶԺļ̿ǳϸҪԼĶ޳һģһҲΪôϸҪĽܹ֮졣
޳Ÿһ޳Ҫӱ͵Ϯ޳֮ʱȴǰ޳ѾֻʣһӰ
ûֹͣǽĶɹŸ裬ŸӦԷʽӼ򵥣ֱӽԼϢͷųƮҶٶԽϵıԽ࣬ϵĸԽҪǼ붯ֱӱһ顣
Ҷ̾˿˵ΪҵʵˣǺ˱Զأ
ֻһ˵ȴȡˣԭѾõʱ
޳˵ǵʲô㣬ȥ鹤ᡭ
޳û˵ӣȴҶסҶ侪ȵĿ޳˵˵ҶҲǶ֮У
޳ҶɫЩϾһ˲֪Ŀ飬ԼνɱҶĴ¡
û
޳ԼҶ޵ĶԻ˵ֻҶ˼֮УƺڿҶΪʲôô
ͻȻ۾Դ˷ܵ˵취ǳá
޳һ㶣ԼԼʲôʱ취ˣ
ҶϵЦݣ֪ԼҶ޷ŽûʲôǰҶæ˿ʵΪʲôὫҶ޷ǵĶ֮У
Ҷ˷ܵ˵ϼһҪͨҶ֪Ǻ֮飬ҶҲ˵ϼӵˣҲǾԼӰ£ȴûмȥԼҰŰɱҲһе鶼Լŵģ֣ˡ
㽫Ž֮У
Ǳ鿴ģҲ۲˭ˡ


1998 
޳ҶĻεҡҡͷҶ뷨Ȥô˵أ̫ķңҶ䣬飬ܹúõ似Ҷ˼صԼķ䣬ǸСڶսΪ֮ǰĽӴɲΪССһ˿һӡ
޳Ҳһڵ˱ʱĹռѾˣΪС˲ˡ
үүˣ
ʲôõĵģһȥ˱ˣܿͻġ
հһ֪ĪԵ˼ԽҪĺ޳֮Ķսһ˯žԱȥˡ
˲û뿪·ʲôҪ˵һæʵʲô˵Ҵţ֪үϲ˵µˡ
ǣүҳˣ
հ۾͵ȵ˵˵ʲô
үҳˣһڼ
쿴
˽УΡΡ˵үү֣Ҳʶ
հֽù֣һ飬˵һȺүչȥˣ˵µǱ
ֽһԣţҶдôãҵļֱһģһЩ˾Ȼ˵ʶһûĻ
˵չصСʱȴվҶǰ棬һšҶŴһȻǹԣϲĽ˵ôˣأ
Ҷ˵Ľ㣬ʱһ˵ܲܲҪҽ㣬ڼ쿴Ѿˣû뵽ŻҪ
Ҷ仰ʱ׹ΪʲôһܵԭǺĽ㳳ˣô顣
˵ûʲôǹʵȻǿ󣬿ɱϾֻһСҶЦЦı飬ԼСȭͷ˵ҪǸҽҽ㣬һ㡣
Ҷ䲢вϾҪԼδĵܴܵùϵռҵ˾ôֱ϶һ飬۹ȥ೤ʱ鶼ᷢ仯Ҷ֮ǰñ˳Ϊܹˣڹհ͹ԵУ֮ǰǸҶ䡣
Ϊ˽⣬ԲŲƽϣҶ佫ԴԼķ棬˯
ڶһ磬޳ո˯ѣڴû¸ɣҶǰŸԱߣСèļҴ
޳ͦĽСè͹Ÿ֮ĸģһ겻壬һľޱȣзĽҪ֮ŶԷȴܿ϶
磬Ƕﰡ
¸˽ͷϻźˮǷʲôһ㣬ڵĴϢ֮˷ܵ˵洫ϢռҵСƨƺҳˣڻûҵأҪʼˣõĻܺɻʤˡ
ռҵСƨ˭
㶼֪ǹ԰
¸ȻֹǰֵˣȻղûһ˵ģôǸǴģѵԼˣ
תͷŵԼ۵ĹԾվԼǰʱ¸æ޳ȥ޳󣬾˵ΪʲôҹԾ
޳ҲһΣ˵˵ţ֮ǰҲֹ֪֮ҲѾˣģôġ
ģ

¸괩ϿӣһԹĿǰֵˣϢһ£ȴԼƨɸκζĵʹſϣһѿӣ˹Ц
ֿݣ¸Ϊǲڹǰȫͺʮĺӡ
޳˻Լǰа룬һСӣ밡
¸һ٣СڵƺöˣҶҲûѯʵ׷ʲôŻҳߣҶԹôޣҪ֪֮ǰϲ˾ǹˣΪ˹հν
ź˵֮ǰҪ˵һ飬Ǿǡˡ
ĸһߡ
һСƨʲô
Կ˵ı飬Լտʼͼ˵ʱҵı鶼һģһһ˵ôŰˣԸΪһС
⺢СҲ̶ֳܵȰ
ҶҪһýʱҪ˳˼ʵĶ˭
Сè㡣
ȫ
˵ĿⶼŹŸ迴ȥŸҲԼϵ͵߬۾ʱŹȥȻֻһСɹŸ軹Ƕŭˡ
ڹŸ˵òûǿЦ˵Сèϲ𣿡
Ȼϲˡ
ͻȻɫһ䣬˵ϧҽ˵Сèˣ˵ҵ̫С̫󲻺ʡ
˿ռһһˡ
ҺܲҸİٶ꣬һŶʮ֮꣬궼ûйϵʮ꣬ôͳ˲ˣ
˵ĺе޷
Ҷ俴ŹŸ裬Ÿ迴޳޳ų¸꣬¸ԼƨɣѾ˳ˣɲȥСڡ
ȻҽͰѶһ٣ȻҾˡ˵Сèѱڵ۶֮У˵𣿡
仰˵꣬㿴žһƬŸվԹ˵ҾСèѣʲô飿
ڣǵŸվ֮˲ŷԭҲкµʱﾭʲôսﾭɱĻȻɱˣǶֵĵȼ˵ȫûѶȣûսĿ¡
ŸҲǣһСӣȻҲ
Ѿˣһ˵û뵽ˣǶһȺˣȵһŹǵġ
˵꣬תͷ˳ȥ
⺢ӡ
޳ܵ磬ͻȻһ˶һ㣬˵ֻкôûлսֻһ㣬ѸٽʱߵСڡ
޳Եʵа˼쵽ôԸԣ˵ˮϵǻϵĿǣʱˮϵ۷ĻԸԾͼˣѽˮϵܲֻ·ǵߵãԼø鷳
˼ʱ򣬹ŸȴͻȻ޳˵Լ޷ԸԣǾ֡
˿ŹŸϵɱС˵ֻһСʵ˵ǿֻܿأȻΪֹǲ֪㿪صĺһߡ
İɣȻ˵ϲСèȻҪһϲСèĴۡȻҪĻǿҶĿΡ


1999 ۻ
޳˲ûֹŸ裬ΪǿŸѾôˣҲֹˡ޳˼Ҫȥͳ·ЦԾϾ͹ԶսһὫԼóȵͳ·Цսʱ򣬾һֳ䲻Ч
˵ԹŸĿģŸѾȣʹõһʱȫûκα仯ؾʹóڶҲеԿƣѡ
ԼԱ߰˺ԸһⶼûУле㵣ģϾԶ˳֮Ϊ츳Ŀ綼ûУ֮һֻΪѡ
ڶܿ͵ˣڹҳ¶޽ͷŵǣ˻ΪԲμⳡˣȴ벻һصľǹԡ
ڳм˯ˣ˯žôİɰϻһСݣƲԣҪ֮ʱҰҰС죬оһ㺢ûʲôͬȻôģ볡Ͳ󷨶ر𰲾˵ǲĳСһһԭ°ѣһʢ˵ӣǶڵĹԵĻ롣
ôõһӣȴǸ˸̳Ӳ֮ԵȷгϢˣƢ͹հһģһһͨĺӣͨأ
һ߷׷׵ģһεֱһζ࣬һζԷӪвûʲôǿߣ÷϶ױ֮Уս֮ǰǸ벻ôʡһβһŶս޳ͷ
һƱҲ˺üΪ˿һʲôںɺӺܴˣȴǸۡ
ǿ鴺ҵıҹ顢ʶҵĵҩͻôƱ۰۰
ܴһҲ˵ǵڻһҲѹ֣Ǵα˿⣬˯ʱһҲ֪λţķߵԼķ䣬һڣﻹ߶ţƿ̫죬һΣóԡóԡ
ֱɴţӵҲǱһһ飬ͿˢƱڲòͳȫҵ
ӱԹ֮ϽŸֳ֮ɫұΪ޳ҪȹСǱСö࣬ɺ֮ŷ֣ȻһصĹҲһɣǽʶ֮Уܹһ㣬ʦɲͨˡ
ܴͷ˵Ϳˣҵסһ۷ʵȻ㵲סٴһ㣬ҵǱˣָֻܻԭӡ
һҲ֪𾪵ڳµ޳а룬㵽׻ܸʲôϲȫʹɡ
ѾˣҲѾλˣԻ˯˭Ҳǰѡ
ʱ򣬹հҲˡ
пŹհǿһϾհĻֻȥСڽѣĿ³̶Ȳڽһѡ
հ̨˯Ĺԣȵ޳Щ֪ǿǹռҵģһҹհһҶӹԣ
հĻһҪεĳ嶯ȷǰѹԸˡͲˣټ˵һɫĻϣΰ֮䣬͵ؽӳȥ󺰵£
䡭
һձȾ죬Ưȴû͵ˡ
հһ鶼ûУԼӻôһҶվڵǰҶгһ˦һб㽫пըû£ǿ˺Щˣϼӵˡ
Щ˿ǸŭԣհǾǲˣڳ»һհĶӣЩ˿ֲĳ̶ƺڹհ
հϾǸˣ˵ĶǻýȥҪǵ˹ԣʲôҲܽΨһİ취˰ѹհϵùùԺúõʰһ١
µĹȻܹϯϵЩ˻ͷӣƽʱ緢Щ尡
ȻһαɲֻλǰսһĿĴĻʵۡ
޳һʼýıԾΧ۷ǿֻ߲һά򣬶һȺݵ۷ǿߣж޳Ҳ֪Բϵ١
ȻĿĵߵǿ߻۾ǱȻǸߡҲǣʵֻһǻҪپҪ٣ȫʵ۵顣ԻʵҪȻĶࡣ
һᣬд죬ǻһͬ𣬾޳Ҳⲻһſзʮƥһ޴ͬĳᣬԾӹϯϿͣ£Ŵ򿪣ʵ棬һһҸһ˿ڣ˵Ц˿û֮ǰѾ׼˺Ƥӡ
˭޳
·ˣԴֱ֮޳֣˸ǰ״˵սת˵ǱСˣⳡûʲôȤȴϳֵ޳һ޳ݡ
ϼվ˵Ǳ߱޳
޳˺óʱ䣬Ȼҡҡͷ˵޳в̫һǲ˵޳һ˶ԸʮôڿǸһ˶Ըʮ
ָŹŸ裬һѣŸоϿմһǿѹò߰ͷ
ףС˭ĿʲôʱϵϢ͹հǺ񣬹հͽܣ
Ķӣʮ꣬ȻԽʮ꣬Ҳ벻ҲμӱսжȻһЩԵֲ縸Ϊͽɣ
˵һӣȫȫΪ룬Ŀĵ˶ףԼȥӽ
ϼһۣгɫ
΢΢һЦɫ
µıʼɿڵе˶ˡΪʲô޳ͷ󣬶һСӡ
һЩ˿ʼԳԼԽУΪǴһʼۿģһ·ΪĶǿĶ飬Χ˵ŸʵСһҡͷ˵ȴıǹŸ裬ֻ֪ʲôԭ򣬹Ÿһֱûڱг֣Ȼ֪ʵĳƺŵģѾ˺ܾãҪˣ
͹أ˭ΧЦϾߵʵԣŸȻȲϹԡ


2000 ֮
ŸȻȽϳ죬ɶΪƢԵʣʵŶʮټ֮ǰ˵ģеһΣУԹԣǰѹԵһСһԡ
޳Ҷһ԰̾ǸСҲͰˣɹŸһСʲô£
ҲǣȻ˵ʱ͹Ÿһ£ȴû뵽޳ֱ˾Ӷλӣ·ùŸԸԼϾСΪԼ޳ˣһŭ޳йֻýĿ⿴ŹŸ裬һȻ޳ңҾҵ
ŸܵǿϢüͷһ壬ڵ״̬ǵסһڻûпʼս֮ǰ⿪ԼһطӡϵϢȻӣʵѸٴڵ۷״̬
ȻӵĲֻʵǶԱԪصĿơڵǿƻ׺ͶȶӦﵽ۷״̬һ߿Խʵȷʵʵ
¶ɫû뵽ʵƽƽļһȻصûпʼ˫ѾʼսһˣȻսϢϵս˫ǿߣͷϢڿγһɹ໥ײ
ڿʼôȻŸҲǣûȲ˵ʼ˫Ȼͬʱжһ۳һɫź⣬һ۳һìͨԵ⣬ͬʱ׳ڳм䷢һ޴ıըըĳ˶ȥֻ¹Ժ͹Ÿˡ
ƵǳϵĲˣ˲أû˵ʼͿսΥΪ˿ɲ޳һ˪һɷʵÿһܹǵģֻС˵һ䡪ʼȻս̨
һڶս۷壬Ϊһ˲ͻЩ뵽ǵûн÷ǳ֡
Ҷ䵣ĵĿŹŸ裬˵޳Ա߰ŹŸһ㣬ֻʹһͺãҵƢԼʧȥơ
޳˵ͷ׹Ÿӣսң鲻Խʹõڶص
޳Ҳ֪ڶصôǿҶͷųϾΧ۷ǿߣʧȥƣҲܹ˽ѹ
ŹŸϵı仯֮ɫ˵ϷӡʲôôϸеһϤϢ
ӷ׷¶ɫ˵Ÿ޳ĺѣƽʱ޳ͷڹŸҲϼȻַӡжȻЩԵɡ˵֮۾ǿŹŸ裬ǿų·ЦҪ֪·ЦĸױǸ壬Ÿ飬·ЦȻ֪һЩԵʡ
ûѯʳ·ЦϾŸڵʵҲһ۷ǿߣڵӡɲΪӶӣһ۷޶˵ۡ
Ÿ裬Сһ㡣
޳Ÿ裬ùŸʱ侲Ÿһվ·޳˵İɣҲǶġ
޳̾˿ⲢǶ飬ϣ߶ܵ˺
Կ͹Ÿ֮ĶԻΪ޳ڸ߹ŸԸԼİ취ɫʱĹĵģ޳˵ߣȰʰȻʰ㡣
޳ûͷԼϢ֮ǰıҲûйӡ֮УһڵߣԼǰ˱ɱʲô͡
ŸһͬһӰʧڹԵǰٶҲǳ죬ڿһߣת֮䣬˾ͽʮغϣȻʤδ֣ǿ˵ӣȻǹԸʤһ
ϾǵЦݣŸһڣսⲻת֮䣬սһӴ˶еľͬʱа̾Ȳ˵츳ΣôСͷӳôǿǸе𾪡
޳һҲûţϾԷ˹֮⻹оŸǿߣŸǿߵʵβ룬Ҳ۷ģǰưһ۷ǿߣ޳ǰȴľսǱùԺ޳֣ʰˣû뵽ȷʵ޳Ƕս
޳վڿУϢûͷųɶԷȴŵòϺˣ۾֮оǾ֮ɫ
޳ЦһЩ˵ǲҶսĻǾԼ³ɣ˵Ҳûаʤ㡣
ԷҲģǵû뿪޳˵޹ӣĺˡүսϾ˼һҪǴӺ͵Ϯ˼л·磬Ϊ˱鷢˾ʤ֮ǰǱ뵲ס㡣
е뷨ǲ޳ȴЦһа̾ѵֱ޳ܵСˣֻܿȡʤ
˿޳ɫæ˵޹ӲҪᣬû˼
޳ͷ˵ǺãǾͶһأŸӮ˵ĻӮˣȻǹŸ˵ĻǾӮˣĻǻó֣Σ
޳仰úǵ˼Ͼ޳Ҫ֣˭Ҳֵס
˶ĿڹŸϣµЩڡ
û뵽ŸȻܹ͹һսһʼͱѹƣ޳ֵĻǺӮⳡ
޳ͶԷûأϾǼȻҪģעһҪñŻṫƽ
ΧЩ˿ţ޳в㰲޳ôǰҲܵǴġ
޳һ˻ϲǣһЩֻ֪޳ʵǿȫʤԣ볡֮ǰǶ޳֮עȻû뵽һα޳֣һʵСӴսοڵѾ·磬һԼͶȥǮ
޳ӮıƫƫҪģһҪˣǲǰˡ·˴ţǵ޳ӹⳡȻǹĵĲǱеǮ
ǵĴ󺰲û޳ı⣬Ϊ޳ϷսǸˡ
ŸҪǿĺأЩ˴󺰵ʱг˷ŭһ˵ԣҾʶһ
޳оϿնȻѹ̧ͷŹŸ裬û뵽Ÿôͽ⿪˵ڶطӡ⣬ΪŹŸڵӣٿࡣ
ΪŸܹȵػʤͻȻǳɭֵɽ֮УհսĳհտʼʵҲǿǡ
޳а̾ռҵ˲Աǿжǵ
Ȼ޳ո뵽飬ϿսŴһǿϢϢ͵հ֮£̧ͷŹԣû뵽Ա֮󣬾ȻһСһ̫ϵ˺ܶ࣬Ȼı仯ͷ壬úһ˴Сͷȴǵȷʵȫɢ۾һɣϾ۰֮


2001 
ȻʵӲǹؼʵǿ֮ʵȻ͹Ÿ費¡
޳аԺڣԼùŸ͹ս֮ǰӦȽԵʵ̽񵹺ãǵûд̽һäĿĺͱ˴ġ
Ҳûκΰ취Ψһİ취Ÿʵܹսʤԡ
ǸСǿֲֻʵ͹ŸһǿΡ
ܴͷ˸⣬˵Ųһ뷨˵ҪʹóԼɺܴĸҪ޳ǾͺˣǺ޳ǿȣԵֿĳȻȴУСһԭؼȴԻûнȫľɼӰ졣
һ㣬ܴܹóǿʵհѾʱֵ׼ˣȻôǰԵøĲԼĶӣôһԼ
ȤĿ³ս˵ǹռҵʵͣ½ܹԽţ޼ʥͿˡ
޴Ӳϵ޼ʥأûпޣǿϼʵ˼ûдϢ
ظʣѾûϵˡ
΢΢üǵڵʲô
޴һԲû˵ȴʲôûԼ׵ı飬ҪŪе׷ʲô顣
Ѿˡ
ԼϼѾ׼ˡ
ΪʲôʱͻȻȬʮļѵǼװģȻװǾӦиԭ
ҪıŪԭʲô
Ȼ֮е޼ʥ֮⣬˭ܲˣԼĸһ޼ʥ֮䱣ĳϵҲ˵޼ʥҪô
Ҫ͸ȴ뵽ԽԽ󣬷·޼ʥشʱѾһ顣
עȻע⣬Ťͷޣһæͷšȥ
ǵҲѾˣʮ꣬Ҳͼ䱻ӡʮ꣬ʱˡ
һ˿ǳ̾Ϣ˵ҲҵŮȴΪңΪĿ硣
ΪңΪĿ硭
۾űȥף޼ʥе׷ʲô顣
ٴջأǰⳡսǿֵ߳ԽԽ࣬ǶҵԤ
ϴǿϢ޳ҲɵľڹԵʵɹŸǱ֮ǰǿĶ࣬ǶĿҲøǿ󣬾޳Ҳò׼Լܲ¹Ÿ衣
˵սȴ˵ݱ£޳֪ŸȫֿаԵģһŸȣ᲻ʲôõӰ죬ǵԼ͹ŸսʱĿƼ
һȻǺԼսȴΪʵ൱ھҪԶȺԼսʱǿöࡣ
һҪܵɡ
޳Ȼǣȴûֹ
Ѿʼˣһ
ŮǹСèʱСèȫǵĵɫӹѾȫ鶼Сèˡ
ڹԵʾȫûзϣȻñȽ򣬿ȴȫѹԵɵܵǹŸΪԶԴףĵģϷսйŸѾó˵ڶżֱš
һº𣿡
ӿߵСèʱһ˲˵ĸоëȫըˣӱ椲ݣΥԭͬһʿվ΢΢һǷ˵λС㣬ѾûλˣǾԱ°ɣ
СèȥѹѹһƬˣǵһλûУߵվˣҪҪȥֻԼ˸ոսȥǳѾˡʼĶӵ飬ź߿ȥ˷￴űЩѾˣΪʲôҪԼ¡
ŷ֣һ˵ļ˵˲Ҫؼ𣬿ȥѣ𿴱ˡ
ʱܹӵ۾һֺᷢӵ۾ø죬ϸ೤ͬһ㣬֮С
Ǹ˷·ӦʲôվԱ˵ԣҪؼȥˣ˷ʱ
һ˻ʲôͱֱקߡῴÿɻʵʲô
Ӱ˰֣˵ǲҪλڲλ
СèĳԾȻȴʲôַȡõλãҪԼܹŹۿⳡս
СèѯʣҲȥˡ
ãսҵʱǰ涼һЩСС֣һ㶼ʡ
оʵǳСԼ磬ɵ÷½ģһߺͺӽ̸һ߿Ϸı
ֱ۵˵ܴܴһǷһһȥ
ӱһ˵ŮӶǼƷһһ
ܴüͷ˵ŮҪǶκһ֣ŲĲ㣬ǿɶһŮǵ϶޳һȺ˵Ϣ
Ӳ˵ܱǲǳˣŮǼ񵽵ģôɱ޳ǵ˰ɣ
ܴһۣ˵ʱ𣿡
̾˿ҲͲٺ͹̸˵ĵĲԼǲ飬ǵϲԼԼ˦˦ʱ޳֪Ļ鷳ˡ
˽ӵܴԿӰڳһٶа²ۣ
ΪŸǱſ̨ټϿ̨ϵô࣬ûвСèȺ֮СԴһʼ㿴СèΪСèԼģԱó˷ܣٶȶӼ֣ϧȴôüڳˣһ㡣
µ˷׷ɻԵôˡ
͹ԶսĹŸܹܵڹԵı仯˷ܵĹԣȻŤͷŹԿŵķŷԭСè
ȻСèߵʱʱɫҲӿôȤǽֻ쵽СèʵûСèڹŸУͬСèһ㡣
һ˫۶ʱѪɫûгŹԴȥǳŷֳȥ·Ҫִһ㡣
Ͽյ۷ǿȻ֪뷨ֻǿҪƻ֣ǶԼӣԷǳߡһӣǷֶʱֹֻܹҲܹ赲ʵʵĶ
һײڷ֮ϣˤͷۻǷֲ赲ȥ·ϵϢԽԽǿȻҪ֡


2002 ܾ
ͻȻı޳д󾪣޳ӣǷһ㣬ܹ˵ĲֻСèȺȥСèںԱߣȴûпӵĶЦһа̾Ǻͺһܴţʲôõĵġ
ȻѾע⵽ˣҶȻҲǿˣҶɱȹŸ侲ˣҶҵĴ֮Թ˵˼仰ĿߵˣæվСèȥĵط
ӿǷǳίҶһۣͬĴ֮˵ҿʲôûŸʵ̫ˡҵҲܹ⣬Ͼҳô˧
˵֮󣬾Լ˼ˣһֱ쵽ͬŵľ̿һ㡣
ҶһϾûк˽Ӵ֮ǰ޳˵˺ΣգǿΪ֮ɵøо޳͹Ÿ̫ڽˡ
ϿյĹŸ迴Сè뿪Ͽ񱩵ϢϵϢȴɲϵ󣬳·Ц΢΢üҪ֣ȴϷЦЦԼҲһЦͣ¶۾޳·Ҫ齻޳
޳ȻۿŹŸʧȥʶڼսֻʵ䷴ֻܴһԶԶع
Գţ»ȻоŸϴһеµϢȴûһȣϵͷǹ²ϵϸΧĿۣ·˱һɫ塣޳ûհʹùһУǸһдϢҪԼ֮ǰκһжҪǿ
ŸҲ˿ѷɫǰ⣬⽥һһ±ǽǽܳκһˮϵ߶ܹʹã۳ǽ֮Ϣʱ½һģЩ˻ǵһμ
ಡ
һƿգɫ峯űǽײȥͬһʱ䣬ɫըǾ޴潫󷨸Ūһ󶶶潥ؼ¶˽Ӵǽı壬Եһûнǽ򴩣ƺΪղŵһжƣŸҪûȴԴߵһֹڿУȻ͵ػӶȭͷݺݵػڱǽϡ
ʲôãղôǿһûܽǽ
µ˷׷ۣɽһĻȴǾ°ͣŹԵһȭǽȻ˲䱬ըǱĴɢһӸ߿һֱӴڹŸͷϣֻ˵һŸڵҳһʮ׿Ĵӣϵͬʱ汻ǣһзǳأǶ˵ȴûʲô¡
Сè֮ǰŸսһβǿŰ֣һοŸ·磬ɵý
ȴ׽顣
żǣңǲ⣬ļһôʵ
ո꣬ͻȻ䷢ԼѾжˣͷһ֪ʱ߳ôЩͬˮһ㣬ڿƯرȻŵȷҪϣǱһʹ࣬رǶڻϵĹ˵˰죬Ҫȥܹȥ
һȷʵݣùŸվܹһԪأ㲻վ似Ҳܹȥơ
ֽǳǿڹʱˮ֮ϾȻ󷨵ĺۼ޳ûмŸʹһУŹŸӣһʶĹŸƺҲǷǳ𾪡
ſң
ŸɲɵھͽųҪھͳԼûֿоԼǰѾһƬɫĻ磬Ѿֲңʱ۹ôܽԷųΪое˳֣ľͿƲסԼˡ
ȻԱţͬһﷸһ㣬ֻܸܵһ飬Ǳŭ۾ŷһ˿ɫӿֳɱ߱õɱ
ʱеüͷ̾Щʵȷǿ󣬿ǵĿ̫ˣһЩ򣬺ȣǸ޳ģƺս츳еڴһˡ
ϼڿ佱޳۾ޣ·ʾʲô޿ɲԸ⵱ͷҲϼȿڡ
ǵǰôעⲻ
Լһµӣһ˵ʲô˵Ҫǰֳ⸱ģ
޵ͷ˵ǣ޳ȷǸ˲ţȥδЩףǰʱӳʹ޳֮һЩǣҵټ֦
ȵ˵˵ôʱ仹ǵ޳
ϼ˵ǲǵõܿ϶ܷ޳֡
һ˵÷Ц취ֻҪ޳޳ôҲܼ
һ·Цʵֻհһס֣䡣
Ϸ۷ǿ߶ûע⵽˲ͽ۷ǿ߲µ󷨳飬ԼĶǰ˫ֳ죬ֱӲǱ֮УǿʵŸ趼е𾪡
հԾȳ֮󣬶ʱ˿ôΪһܹ˵ԣҲóǷӡá
ĵǹԻԼٵԼղŹԵϢҪʹõڶα仯ڵ״޷ʹöα仯һǿʹãǱǻٵǰ̣հȻҪֹ
ʵϾҲһ֪׶Լ̬ȣκʱǺɫԼ۸ֻҪغ似հͲκԵ뷨ӹհĶ
ȻղţԼǿСèһۣǲʹóɵڶ£̧ͷԼĸףʵ˵ְ֣Ůħ
հΪίȴû뵽õôһۡ
ųµĹСè֪Сè͹Ե飬ֻû뵽ԾȻôһ̾أ
հܴһ󺺵ĸпɵһ񺹡
ᱻСèίĿţΪ˺Զ˸С
ᰲοСè˵Ҫˣȵֻ֮󣬽㳤̵ĽţӦùĵǹŸ裬ҿһܵӡ
ӿųϵĹŸ裬ϴһֵֿЦ⣬˵Ȼǻûг̶ֳͣȵľŶܲסҵҪƾôһʶ߳
ȻٺУŸѾҪˣΨһİ취ԼûżΪ֪޳ǴˣӦúܿ뵽Լ
ȴˣЩ˸ûһҵ˼ɵߵս̨ϡ
޳ŹὫСèл˵СèҲ֪ôźá
СèߵŸǰС˵磬ҡ


2003 ·Ц˼
ӿСè˹ȥʱеǳߣҪ֪ڵĹŸɲ֮ǰĹŸ裬ʧȥǵɲԼǰʲôˡ
޳СèΣյľأȴû뵽СèȻη壬ƺǰѾҪƵĹŸ衣
СèȻԸȥģҪԹĻҲӦԹ޳СèԼ
̾˿˵డΪֻҪиܹһ谭𣿡
ܴȴҡҡͷ˵ǿĵطڸ֧ţһҲȺ֮еҲŻ粻𣿡
Ӻߵһ˵ҵҪСèùŸѹסڵֻЫӡ
ȻСèȴʲôûֻߵŸǰѡ
һƬѪ֮УֻܹСèվԼǰк¼ˣԼ˺Сè
Сè
Ÿǿ仰СèæӦ˵
޳ŸϢȶڷǰļˣ˵ⳡͬھӮ
Щ˵һЩӣһȭ˵Ըķ䣬ⳡȷȻ˹أҹռҲˡ
޳˵ͷܺãʡٵ鷳
зɵϣ˵һ޳һʤ
ȻԤ֮Уǹ̻ǴЩۿ˲СľϲԭĬĬĶ飬ʱ˶š
ԼҵԺ֮У޳̾ʣһˣֻҪⳡȡʤĽˡ
޳Ҳǳ˷ͷ̶̼µʱ䣬Ŀ˭˲֪޳֣Ȼȴ޳ҪģֻҪһ棬˶ѡ
Ҷ޳ĸпҡҡͷ˵ѵһҪԸ˭𣿳·Цʵڻһδ֪޶ûмȫҸұ֤첻ͨ͹ŸֶԸ
·Цʵ޳Ȼ֪һԳ·ЦʱʲôûȴԼԭضãʵ޳ɴδ
·ЦϾûдﵽ۷ĳ̶ȣֻҪʵûдﵽ۷壬޳оԼϣƴһ¡
Ҷ俴޳ǻȵ񣬲ɵ̾˿̫ʤ޳ľԼνǿǿ֣޳ڶս۷壬Ͼڵߣ۷廹һεľ롣
Ҷ䲢ûж˵ʲôѾˣǱʤȥ޳ֻ۱ʤ޷ڵ
޳֪ҶԼںɲΪҶẦԼ
޳Ҳ֪Լ⼸Ǳõ״̬ӭӳ·Ц
ڴ֮ǰҪȥҹŸһΣԱ֤Ÿ費⡣
Ųһʱ䣬Ÿ͹Աһѣ޳ոտڵľΪԼ˻þǹ
ȻԿŸʱһıʱǽĿ޳˵ʲô
ῴԶ޳ĵ⣬æֹܳ
ԣ֡
˭Ļ˹֮⡣һŤͷŷŭ޳˵㺦СèǰҲ˵Сèϲˡ
޳ĻʱеһЦһ̨ҩζʮ㣬Լʲôϵ
ûнǱǸŭСôţվҲֻһӣ޳ôһӼƽأ
Цһ˵Ҫһµģû뵽ȴŸˣѻĺܡŸܹΪѣһҵû뵽
޳һЦ֪ŸһȵˣڹŸڵľٶû˵Щʲôʾ᲻ҪŹŸ衣
ŸгȥһԺӡ
Ÿ迴޳л˵ʵҲ֪޳Ҫ˵ʲôһǺͳ·Цս·ЦԼ֮Ĺϵ޳ио޳ûѯԼùŸǸж֤޳
ڣʱӦõ޳ڣԼȽ
·ЦǸҽʹˣһ顣
޳ʵʲô飿
ƽ󷨵ľϽ̸
޳֪֮зӡǿǹǰչֳǾǳ۷壬Ѿӽ񾳡ϧȴ޷ԼԼ似ʱܻȡ
ȻҲǷӡȴܹܵóǹ޵ͬûУ˵ҪȹŸ׶ˡҲΣգֻ޳ףȻ·Цʱ棬ΪʲôԽùŸ衭
ǡ
Ҳ¶
뵽޺ϼĿУغҲĪĹϵ޳н𲻺õԤУӦŻ֮лĴڡ
·ЦҲֻ뱣Ҫ̽Լʵ
Ÿڻʹе֪֮٣޳ɻҲ޷𣬵ɳ·ЦֻԼСèŻõĽѡ
޳Ҳû˵Щʲôֻ֪һ㣬ŸĺֵܣЩʲôһԶ䡣
⼸ýĲֻ޳͹Ÿ裬Ҳżһ˵ȥ·ЦУĵĲⳡʤǹĳ·Цδ޳
ֻҪ·ЦԸ⣬ս֮ɱ޳Ǽ򵥣޵ĵľ޳ɱȻ޳ڲû˵ͶһߣǵΪֹΪԼ£޸оԼӦŽ޳£·Ц̽һЩϢ
·Цżޣ˵磬㲻ôţҪɱ޳кܶ˲ͬģֻ¾˾˵һվԡ˵޳СҲϲģҶ˭ֵ֣ģһİɣ
ǡ·Ц˶˵ôͷұҪȥβͿɲ죡
˵֮гЦ
޿ް̾һʲôβ죬ǳ޳Ĵף֮⣬ǣҵˡ
Ȼ˶֪֮ǸŮ飬ó·Цһе̬
·Ц뿪жʱһ˿֮ɫ˵޳һȫʵҿΣܱܲҶ򲻹ĻΪʲôҪ㱣
޳֪·ЦЩʲôֻǸоԼһĺëܿȥûпԵ˰ɱô£
֮һʼ鹤Ļ᳤ԲμӱʢȻǿǰĺ˵ЩλϵΪǿѡվڿйۿ
˫볡ʽʼ


2004 廨ͷ
ӺܴȻҪѡһõλȺм䣬ΨһгĵطǶ
ⳡʲôÿģΪʲôôˣ
Ӻ𾪣ȻӾȵĿǿߣ·Ծһãл۷ǿߣǶҲСϢⱻЩǿ߸֡
ܴҲ󲻽⣬ѵĿ绹ţܹЩϼһﾪЩϼһΪ˿޳Ҫڱ֮£
ڶֵĿҪһ㣬ĿǿѾֵĲˣܳǶû˵ǿߡʵȴǣԽû˵ǿߣӵеʵԽǿ
ЩŵϼһﲢΪ޳·ЦҪֵϢеһЩչأֱⳡս
۷ǿߴǻ˼ǧϹ໥֮䶼ʶ㲻ʶҲܹϢֱĸˣǿ˶۷ǿߣ˿ûиеȣΪҶڳͻƵˣõİ취Ѿﵽ񾳽˼ָǿѾڴ½ټôʱ䣬֮ǰǿϢ֮⣬Ψһϵıǳ·Ц
޿֪ܲȴЩϻͷ۾ԣΪ񾳵洫ӣһܴӳ·ЦϷЩԼõĶ
ôͷЦսֻڵļһⲻǿ𣿡
Ȼܵõ޳Ϻͨڵ߲ͬȴûзϣϾھڣܺ۷еһƴȴǳ·ЦĶ֡
·ЦϷЩ۷ǿߣɵ¶һ˿Ц⣬۽սʤΣĿĶѾﵽˣһĿı޳Щ޳ֵˣ׼Ȼڶ뷨Լչ䣬ԼʵЩͼıˡ
׼ǱΪⳡ֮ǰû޳ǱһȺĿǿ߸һûһʶģڹϯǸͬһɽӵˣһ۾ϳƣ˫۾ȫ͹հһģһֻǴһ汾Ĺհ
ϸ˵ĸоΪǿ󣬾ͬ۷ǿߣҲҪη֡޳а̾ǹռҵˣʵǿ¡
һԣ۾ԼһҶҵǿˡ֮͸¶׽͸ǻۣ޳Ҷӵ˭ҶȻҲңҪҶˣϷ֮󣬶ʱˡ
ԼĲֻҶһԼˣͬ۷壬ϢҪ΢ѷɫһ㣬۷Ͼ۷壬ʵ΢ѷɫһ㣬޳˵Ҳ󼰵Ĵڡ
Ȼµ֮£ȴûжԼޣǺȤĿԼ޳ĸо²һӵˡ
ˣǼ޳ǵĿҲԼϣȫۼڳ·ЦϣɵðԾȣԼʱֻ۷ǿߣǳ·Цŵģ·Цһʱôǿߣɵип·ЦӰ
Щǿ߲ûб¶Լݣһͨһۿ޳˿ҲûҵЩ˿
Ҳû뵽·ЦȻôǿߣԼ׵ɫƺڷһж֮С
Ҳ֪·ЦݣϾλǿ߳Ѿʮȥˣʱ޻һӣΧ鲢֮λǿߵϢȫˣκ˶˵ǳ·ЦλǿߵĹϵȴֶߡ
˻ﲢȣΪ·Цľ˾Ҳûм·Цʹóʵ
޳ܿȥû뵽ȴȺпһϤˣ˱ԴӺԼս֮ҲûгֹѾ֪ԼʵԳ·ЦȻⳡ޳иǼɵ·Цôǿ
˫̨ϣ·ЦȻ鹫Ļ᳤ȴδչֹԼʵ˶֪Щ˵Ļһߵġ
޳޳
޳޳
֪ĻΪ޳أ
ЩҪĹۿǿһüͷ뿴ǱһȺ˵ĻΪһɫĶ޳֣Ǹо޳̫٣ûʼս޳˵Ŀ֮Ѿ·硣
޳ɲЩվս̨ϣԴֻ֮һͷս
޳͹ŸһۣΪԵǳ·Ц˲д󣬹ŸҲֱӴԼĵһطӡϵϢʱ޳սУǿסսꪵϢԼԪؽôദ֮£Ӧòϳ
һŶصϢϢڸڱ˿һǳɵΪ
Щ۷ǿ߶޳ǳʧˣУ޳ֻһ廨ͷ
СӰԸˡ
۷ǿָŹŸʵгɻΪŸʵ޳ǿôܴܹԡ
հҲ֪λشȻʵֱ˵»ȥ֮϶ֱŹȥչأôСɲϣһμʱѾɳˡ
ܣհе뷨λ᲻֪һ˵İɣڲ㱦ӵ⣬ԺҪҿ·ܵġ
ˣ·Цһ֣Щ˶·ЦôԸҪһ˸㶨սֻ֣ǶЩ˵Һ޳ǹУǾʤ֮ٳ֡
ǡ
Щһɫ۷ǿߣǵս޳Կ⣬Ե·ЦЩ˲ȳ֣޳˿ų·Ц˵ڵһˣ˵ʵԴϴμ֮ʱ޿̲սڣԸԳˡ
·Ц¶Цݣ˵ȻѾﵽĿˣǲߵһͿˡ
޳ҡͷ˵ɼĿģ㣬ֻὫ㵱һ̤ʯ̵Ҽĵ·
·Ц޳ķ̣ŭЦ޳԰˿⣬˵Ϊһͨ𣿡
˵֮۾һɣһ͸ĹȦɢ·Ҫ޳һдѾˣһ޳֮ȫܶûзͻĹ޳зڳ·Цж˲䣬Ҳʼжһųһطͺһһģһķһ㡣
Ȼֻͣһ˲䣬ȴ㹻𵽻ЧһбﵽٶȵƣȻ޳һ㣬ϳµ˶ʱһЩԼ۾ŵĿ̨ϡ


2005 ŸԳ·Ц
ղųǲǳ޳ôܣѵҸղŲþˣ
ǻþҲղſ޳һܿʧˣԲǻӰ
һΪǿһ˵ΪѾˣиŵȷ޳ȻʵҲˣ޳ֻһ
һ˲Ǵӷ伣Ӱвģղŵľ޳Ӱãһ·ŵʵֻҪպϢʧʱͻӰʧʱͬǱ߻һĴ
ȻǷһҲ㹻ǿֱǷϵĵزЩ۷Ҳеȡ
Ϊƽƽȴ似˵زҲѹЩôƳ޳ֻһеȷǾܹƭһ۷ǿߣԵȴǳ·ЦǸ˵ͽܡ
˵·Цƿ似
ǿŰɣ
·ЦûΪþı乥κεĻңһһĪ޳޳Ӧˣȴ޷ֵʱоǰһѣΣӦʱԼѾˡ
·Цҡҡͷ˵㻹̫⣬ΪֻҪٶȿܽһ𣿡
޳ٴνԼ޷ʲôˣҲһ󷨣ԼҵĴ󷨲ͬ󷨷ǳСͣһ˾ܹʹó
޳׹Ҳˣڳ·ЦͻȻ׹⣬׹޳أͻȻǰâ˲ۿžҪ޳ţһһ޳ǰ۳ɻľ޴ʱ޳ȥڵϻ˺Զһʹս̨ˤȥ
ôᣬһͽ޳ɣƽʱӦ޳ǽ˻ɵ𣿡һĿɿڴֱǰһУʵʵڵķˡƺҪ޳ǿ
ЩҵʽѺ޳˲ɵõϾһԷӮʤԼɾѪ޹飬żĿ޳а޳վ
޳ûбһֱӴ壬ǿ𣬿ŽԼأһƬѪѾǸȥɢڿ֮СǹŸǰֹĻԼֻǻᱻֱӹᴩ
Ÿͳ·ЦѾʼսˣŸϵıϵǿҲںͳ·Цս֮УûгԿҲûռϷ硣
·ЦڻûʹϵЦݣɶ̬˾ôʱ䣬ϵ·Ǻ֮ǰһƽƺû֣޳͹ŸӦӲϾ
ԭµĹڻΪ൱ɽأҲǿ޳Ҳû··磬״ѹ˲ʼɣ޳ܲȡսʤ
µĺСڵȫƿԣǿʼǰʵǳ·Цʵȷǿǿ޳Ƕ֡
ǸǿȻϼҵǰ÷ǳأӰ̬ټһԲһߵ
Сӱ޳
ͷ˵ʦ棬޳Ҽ츳ǿ꣬Ȼڲǳ·ЦĶ֣š
˭˵ǳ·ЦĶ֣
һ㶣ԾĿʦ棬˵ʦ棬˵ʲô
ܴ̾˿˵ǸȴһֵˣֻֻŻἤ޳ʵ
Ӳ⡣
ϸ۲޳ƽս޳𣿡
ȷ޳ĹȻǿ󣬶֮ǰһѸ٣ȴһصӣƽʱսս
΢΢Ծǳ·Ц׶޳ʲô޳˵ʧ̬
޳ϵĸ̫أʱʱ޳ʵ
ܴһ仰û˵Ǿ仰޳ڲĻԺҲûлˡ
֪ıǺʵĶ֡޳Ķֻĳɳϵر仯׶Σ·ЦõĶ֡
㱾𣿡
·Ц˵޳Ҳ֪ԼѾʼˣǰĳ·Цо·ЦʵԼǰôǿ󣬿ΪʲôԼͲܺú˼һð취Ӧأ
Ÿ޳һսȻǲ޳ı仯ٶȶûб䣬Ϊʲôû֮ǰսأ
޳һƿ֮УȻ޷޳ָԽôܹı޳ס·ЦĹȡʱ䡣
ԹŸϴԽԽǿϢ·ЦԽĳȥ˵òΪһܹԸҰɣ
Ÿһ˵һ˾㹻ˡ
쿴ǹŸ裡Щ˿ŸһսڹŸʵ£ͬʱҲԹŸеη壬Ÿֵʱʶĸе־壬ĹŸٴվѵζ޳ѾˣֻùŸս
Ҳֻ𰸣Ϊʲôڻ֡
֪һЩĵҩȥܹ֮ǿԼʵȻҩ˵ʱ򣬻߱ɾ޴ķɡǰһ˻ҩ޳ķӦôԽԽҩأ
һʯǧˣ޳ǵӵֲ²Ⱥɢ˵Ϊˣ˵ݺҲ˵ýҩǿԼʵܵ˷ɡ
ֲ²ϾҲǲ²ѣϷ޳ǵ˻վӾþò
û뵽޳ȻôһϲܵĲ²޳ΪʲôҪôΪñ˶ע𣬻Ǻͳ·ЦʲôЭ飿
ڶֿԸһ㣬Ͼ˶ͬĿġ
ޣʲô
Ÿ辿ô£Ϊʲôû֡
û֣ǳ
˵ߵһ׺ǷЦ͹ռҵСҲŸ谡
һ۷ǿߣȻѾʮ꣬ʵȴûм˫۾øӶƤ£κ˶ҪκأȻǿųµ޳ȴߵ޺ϼһϸӹ
ŸѾ⿪˵ڶطӡϵϢȻ˫Ѫ۾ų·ЦѾˣһޣһԼ˵ޡǣŸǿͷųģѾƵĿȨֻҪԼĿ֮£ͷųǿ
ŸſͳһзľԲĺ
ߣѵˣҽô⿪ӡģҼȻܹ⿪ȻҲܸϡ
·Цһ߶ܹŸĹһڿлʲôһѪǰ·ϣԭ͸·ѧӰ֮£ɫʺ󷨱·ЦСڹŸ賯Լͬʱһ˹ŸĹûмܣǳŹŸת˲һףԼǰȥǺɫ󷨶ʱڹŸĵﴦŸ۾һָʶǡ
СèͻȻվˮ£˵ҪҪ


2006 ޳ս
ҪҪ
Сèг˿־壬һҡͷ·ᷢԸ⿴ĿµһĻȻҪֹҲѾˣ·ЦѾһڹŸĶϣֻŸʱָǣϵһʱʧ·ȫӡˣʵϣڲž۷ǿ߶ɫ
ô£ôôǿϢ
Ǽ۷ǿ߸ܵǹϢɵüɵǿߵû£ܵӰֻˮϵߡ
þǿޣ
û˿޵ӰӣǿֻͻȻ۾ĹŸ衣Ÿ迴ų·ЦޱͻȻ¶һаЦ·ЦܵڹŸǿϢɫʱ仯һĿԼ˫֣ԼѾӡˣѾãΪʲôɸԼһĪΣոУѲѾݹŸˣ
ŹŸ۾ôŸ趼ǱƣΪʵǸոմﵽ״̬ƽʱʵûʲô
ΨһܿԭıܴǱڹŸڵЩ˽⣬Զǽթܹ²⵽
·ЦûдŸܹ޵һ㣬޵й̫࣬һܹ޷ӡȴû뵽ѾܿһˣҪ뿪Ÿ壬ҲҪõŸĿȨһΣʧˣʧܵûнȫջǽһִĵطǱǹŸĵ֮У͹ŸΪһ壬κ˶Բ
Żῴô׿ƣ֮ǰӡŸ裬Ŷôǿ֮ǰȻС
ҷǵûнǸӡй¶ĺֻһǱĿ塣
·ЦȻ벻ԼֽΪԼ󷨳˴ٴʹ󷨣ٴαȾѪɫһûнСǾȫŹŸȥҪֱŸڣɵڿгŹŸȥʱ򣬹Ÿǵûбӡһӣɢֱ鿪мŪһ̫
·ЦһȻǼⲢûֹͣǼų·Ц
·ЦһһǿϢ֣ʵǿֻǽԼóѡ
һѾ޴ĽǺؽҪСһ㣬ңԵҲҪؽӷ˸쳣ĺâ
âһӳֻʱ۶ϣǵڿʧ
СèͻĶùһæСèס˵쿴Ÿһ鶼ûУʵøǿˡ
ǲǹŸ衣
Сè˫۳ֻŵĿ棬˵ôˣʲô飿
ǹŸ裿
һҪϢҶ䣬󷨵ƣ޷ôҶ䣬ûѧҶרõȻҪǴ˵һᱻ֪
ҲżĿ̨ϣȻҶı֮󣬶ʱףԭҶѾ˹Ÿ쳣Ųæӣƺ֪δ
Ҷ֪ԼĻһеǳȣ˵ʵĲ֪δźãϷĹŸİϢ·ԼҲ޷
һȴŸԵֻг·ЦһøԼһ鷳ڹŸ裬ȵ·Цⳡ취Ҳԡ
ؼ֪ڿ̨֮һܹѹסŸ裬һ޳͹ŸͺӶս֪ģϻ˭ܹѹסСèǿ̨ϵĺӡ
ǱߴϢܴЦһ˵˰Ҳˣ˵Ÿӣǰǲ
ȿȥôһϷôܻûʼͽأ
ȤĿ̨ϣֻĵĲǳ·ЦҲǹŸ裬޳ȫ޳ܲ⡣
·ЦЦһ˵Ϊҷӡ㣬ҵĶ𣿡һҪŹŸ蹥ȥȻѾɱǸ޴ĽֱӾٵУŹŸͷ£ŸһͣǸطֻıϷȥһɫ̻ڿš
·Цһ֮ϣֻһɢǲһ޴ϣҪͨĶ÷顣
ĽڿһǣŽһ㣬ӶȻת֮ŸǰһŸ裬ȻŸǰȴӰЩӰ·һĹŸ裬ǵϢͬ·ÿһ֮С
ǳûκεͣٱ뾵֮УžһһתӶʱ顣
ˣûйŸ裬һֻǻӰѡ
һſģһգ۵Ĺ󷨵ڲƣǱΧ
·Цüͷ֪ԹŸܴﵽ̶ֳȣΨһĽͱѾͷųˣùŸս
޳Ҳ㱻ǱʶԶıܿھ֮⡣
ЩȻСǿϢȴźܴ·Цֱеѹ֪ŸʱΧϢһģһҲֱ治Ÿѡĸ
ͻȻ·һ׶ֽ׶ϣȻݵĹеıǰ涼һǱһ޴ı׶ٸȫıɣκһļµΣϢ˵Χôˡ
򣡡
·Цһ󺰣߶ʱĳеѱΧĺģһǳʱȥΧЩСҲһܵı׶ײһ𣬲һ޴ıըըЩ飬һϢײ֮ϣ˵󷨻˳ܲס
󷨵ǿüͷôΣϸĽ󷨵ǿȣû뵽һɲȫֲһ㣬Էһ
ע޳ڵǿߣ޳μӱʼ޳ʵһһε޳ʹ˴ܣȡʤ
ǳ¼ˣȻҪ¼Ҽͣ£ϣ޳ͳ·ЦһԸŸ裬˵ʵԸŸ貢һ£ǣ޳֮Уƿ·ЦѾ·磬Ȼһ٣ϷʵߵѾֳˡ
˫ޣ
ӳ·ЦŽ⣬⽥۳Σ޴Ļޣ޳ĽƣɫҪ޳ҪһЩңû޳ֻһ
˫޳֮زԵЩӵ·Ц˫һһҧŹŸĸ첲棬һŭ


2007 ֮
һ죬ʱһ׵ĿӶȻٿӶ֮д޴Ϣվս̨ϵ˻ûзӦʱסˡ
Ȼû˭ֻܿҪǱ飬һᱻʬ
̨ϵҲûи״֮ս𣿸ոô޵ĺ
üͷɲϣܾ˵ĳ棬վӣվĶոɣС
֮Ǻӣʵôǿ˶ɵõͷ
Ȼһ⡣
Ȼôѹɽ̧ͷг˷ŭһ˵ܴҲ̫ûйˣȻĿ˵ͷ
ܴһ˵ûͷҵͷҪǽǵݱ¶ҿĲ㡣
ûеͷʶӲıȥ
ǱߵСû⣬Գ·Ц˵ͬʱҲǶԿ̨˵ⳡ͵Ϊֹɣ˶ǿߣٴȥֻܾˣҿ˫ʮ˶ȥʱͣս𣿡
Щ˶ԣ˫֮ԷսҪĻᣬ˫ܹõĽõİ취
ǣʱ
޳ˣһɻϢ޳ϴȻûдﵽ۷壬ʵٴӣ۾ʱӵĹâɿһɳƵ˵ⳡսΪ˼սôܾ
̧ͷų·ЦߵˣΪ޳֮ǰûʶԲ֪ݣΪȰ˵·Цֹͣսˡ
ָ˵ȵһЪţⳡսҺͳ·ЦģΪǱҪʤ
ϼޱɫϯϵҲɫ̨࣬ϵֱ޳
ָĿİô˵ģ¹ֻ޳һˡ
ȻָŻʵۣѵʶ£
˶òŵ۾޳ĿİͳĿʱ䣬˭ʶ޳ʱȻָ˵Щ˷·ѾԤ޳δķӦȴ˸ӸеԾ
ȻûЦˡ
޳ٲ£ΧҲӦ֪׳ϢʱñոսȻΪŮ
˺ʱңη塣Ȼ˵ҪһʤҾ͸ᣬһȥԿˣ˭ҪǽƷǳȽϴ˭αӮҡ
˵֮󣬿Ǳߵ۷ǿһۣ˵󷨳Ǽ˵սǱеޣֻн⿪Լܱ
˵ͷܹ۷ˣҲֻһˡ
󷨶ʱ⿪ʱ֮лûɢϢϿмǿ߾޴ʵѹ޷ȻǸе־ĻڹŸϵǱϾޣһ˼룬ܹԼʵղŹŸǶˣһ׼̨򾳽ǿ֮⣬κ˶㲻
ͬʱڻʼӵҲǰ˵Ϊ򾳵ߣ뼰ʱɢҲ޷֤ǵİȫڿӶ֮дһ޴ĺŶ߿һۣԭڶ֮еѸɢĹŸѾŭƽ⿪˲䣬㵯䵽СʱһɢΧһк񶼱ǿʱ䣬âٶȶܶࡣ
ȻڿеĹŸγϸС׶ǲСЩ׶ڼȺγɣһ뿪ֻѸٵΧԾǴ̲ˣҲὫ˸һ
һЩâĴɢɢȥʮ۷ǿ߷УЩâûɢʱ򽫱â赲ס龪һҲݻﻹ￴׷ǰ
޳Щɢеĵļ˺ܶ࣬ȺйСèս̨ҪȺ˾ȳٴν˼ǿ֮вױһʼսû˱Ļ
ΪŮ˸еżͻȻӺܴŮȥӵͬʱҲ˿ˣںζɫҪħץŮˡܴ޳˿Ϊܴڸúġ
˸ڹߣ޳ܹģҲ԰ĵȥսҪ˺Ÿ裬Ÿ豻ƣ뽫޴ܾܲȹŸ裬ȻҪ۷ǿֵ߳ĻŸˣɥ
Ҳ˵˼ҪڿսΧôǿߣܵķӦǣôܣЩ۷ǿһһͬ޵һ㣬ѡ
ǣ侲ˣĿ⿴ǰ޳ͳ·Цɷʢһɢ޳ʮսΧһ۷ǿ˵սһ㲻ᳬʮ
ῴűҶ䣬Ҷһͬһ㣬ܵıҪͷųûԪؽЩڻոսԪȴһ˵ס֡
Сèͷźӣ˵㣡
û뵽СȻǵңǸжÿղʳҹ°
Сè͹һߣ˽ѣô
ʵΪʲôֹң
һνӣ˵ʵȫôȵ޳սʤǸ֮СѾ˿ɱҡ
ôһ˵ҲԼҪҪӵģ˵ʵûԪҲûܹ۷ǿߵĹ⿪
Ҹô죬ѵʲô
ûʲôôǿߣЩ۷ǿܲںǼȻûܣ˵Ȼƽ֮ž޳Ÿܰɣ
СèʵǹŸ᲻
õĻᣬҪǳ·Ц־˵ˡ
ӿСè˵㵣ĻԸһȥⳡҺܴڲܵһ˺ġ
Сè˵ΪʲôҪ㡣
ںӵûвõĸоҪźܴܴһ˸еܹӾһС컬࣬˵Ҳûһŵĵط
ܴͷ˵ȥǱսλǿߣһΣգҲǶλȥһ޳͹Ÿ衣
ܴЦһȻܹŮȥɶ˵뷨ȴû취ɣϾΧôǿߣֻԼ¶һ˿Ϣ̱֣ʱҪȫ˾ˡ


2008 Ǻն
Ÿ裬ס֣㻹ϳ𣿡
޳֪ԼûϣɻҪһ£ŹŸаûΪԼĻһ˿仯еһʹΪʹùŸӣа¾ģԼһҪŸȻ
ָˣŸѾױɵǰĲǹŸ裬ҪȡޣǧҪ飬ǽẦԼ
·Ц޳˵ȻڹŸﲢû׬ˣҲûܵ˺ΪһЩϢ޽вƺںʲô
޳Ȼ֪µıԼеĺսꪣ·ЦԼúսս޳ǰսһ˦˵ϢаǱȹŸ軹Ҫа񼸷֡
޳΢΢üȻûз޳ΧûԼÿ˿ҲԸõʹóԼ
޳̶ȵĹŸսһΣһĲɺսţ޲ĲݹŸ壬һβͬŸƺȫռݣûһ谭
ϴΣոҲ˺ü޳Ҳ֪ԼܲܶԸһ
޳ֻ֪ƷޣܹŸȻЩ˾Ȳˣ޳Ҳ֪һһܹ͵˹Ÿ衣
޳ȺпȥСè͹ᶼͺһҲ΢˲䣬һǿĺԼ߳ܵһ˲ȴܹٶȣһ˲ûʲôáٶѾǳˣں֮ȴһֻڹꡣ
ûзӦһ̳úսһȴֱֻһӣһͣĻӣ̢΢һͣ٣㿴޳״һæʹ÷Ѩٹܹ仯⡣
޳ķѨöԷһ£Ÿ費ǰֻýĿ꿴·Ц֮ǰ·ЦûʲôȻвŸ裬ԹŸʵҲɱŸֹͣ޳ǹԼ˼Ȼ޳ǿ󣬱Ӳǡ
һ㣬̵ܹġ
Щ۷ǿ߿޳ʹ÷ѨܵķӦǳҶȥүӺҶүӹϵܺãհҶ
ү˵ҶͷҶҿǳһгϢﰡ
ҶүӺ֣Ҷ˵޳𣿡
ǡ
Ѩ˭ģǷϵҲΪҶҹϵͽѨ
ʦһɾʹˣҶʹõķѨ޳ǵģѵûз޳ķѨǵķѨ֮Ĳͬ
ȷǸĽ˺ܶ࣬ѵ޳ԼĽġ
ҶҶүӲŵ̾˿ƽ˼ҶүӰ޳ӷѨ֮л˸ǿķѨĶлųʵֱӴﵽڣһ˵ջʤŶһֱߵһһеһУһ㶼ûж£ͨҶүӣҶүֻ֮һ뷨ѵԼˣʱˣôôǿˣ
үӺ͹հһԸ񣬿ҶϲشԼһѯʣһֱҶʵĲͷŲԸĽ߹үӡ
үӵķӦΪЦȸе𾪣ǸϽʹհûнռҵļҴ̸޳
հæҡͷ˵ʦҶ췢ģҾûнǼҴؼ
û˵꣬žһүһȭͷͷϣԹ˵˭㲻似޳ڿɺã˶Ϊ޳ҶҵˣҶͷĴˣȴֻ۲ķݡ
հаίԭǼˡ
ҪȻĻռΪҲȽӡ

հҲûүӾȻôģȻ֪үֻ˵˵һֻѡ
޳޳۷ǿ֮б㴫ˡһ˶Ǳ޳ĸԣרһȫ
Զﵽ۷ĵز޳ܹﵽڵĳɾҲͲΪ棬Ϊ޳Ĵڱ漣
Χ˿ʼ۷׷ף۵Ҳӳ·Ц޳
·ЦЦһû뵽ԼŸԼĵһսȴ޳ĸ˱ݻᣬڣܹ޳ڸ֪Ƕ޳õı
Ÿ賯޳ȥ͵صڳ˵ǰ˵˫ޡ
ٴγ֣һҧסһֱۣŸͣڿУݵʱ䣬·Цȵ޳ϣ
һķХ޳֮Ҳһޣ޿Ҫȳ·Цʵˡ
Ҫ֮ǰǿ󣬶޳ŹŸȥۿžҪйŸ裬СèµԼ۾ȥһĻɹȴָǿ˵쿴ĹŸûأ
Ÿ貢û飬ΪڹŸǰͣˣڹŸ֮УһɫıЫӰͣڿУǸӰֻӽ޼סȻ·ЦҪľЧ͵һӣȻռ䶼·ָѵĺۼһ˵ȻƲңɱģ
ǰ죬ȴһɫǺӣǺӻɢǿƣϢ·ϿյǺΪһ壬ƾǸ޵ϢǿҲǿ֮
ԣϢϣ·Циɻġ
ǰһУ·ʱ˿֮֮վԼǰϢκεѷɫ
ų·Ц˵ʲôʱǲýܹ֮ﵽ̶ֳȣǲ˵ѾﵽϵλˮƽЦȻǳԤϣû뵽ʮʱѾôǿ󣬹һ۷ˮƽ
ʱ˿̣·Цǽ㣬ǾԵĽ㣬Χǿߣǵϵ޳㣬̧ͷ
ǰѾ޴ĳƯǢȻָ޴ıЫγɵǳ֮ע޽֮ϣʱ޽ΧḻѾ˺ҹ޽ϵطŷת·ǳڳתͻȻס壬һƿ֮ڿһĺߣֱӳűЫȥЫ۾ʱýųгŵɫ漴Ӧʱõǰһ̣ûд֮ϣǴڽ棬޺ͳʱһײ֮΢ͣһ˲Ž飬޵֮С
޷һҽУŤͷҪصŸڣ·Цҧ˵ӣ
ǳŰȴ޼ƿʩǳٶȽնٶȽ˿ϵٶȣۿųҪڣ·Ц̾˿˵


2009 ŸĿ
ǱЫڵľ޽һڱЫȫϵͬʱವһص˳·ЦУ·Ц޳һۣ޳һ飬ڳ·ЦԹֻܿЦһȻóһ̺˳·ЦȵܽЫɱɱԼĽôһȻ˲飬ȴҲж˲СŻ޳ôԹ
ϧ
ҲǸ̾ǱЫ޳ĹﵱһµĻһȻܹǸЫն
ҲеһЦ̾޳Ͼ赲һ£·Цͻʤ޳û취ȥˡ
о޳ǹôģڿײϽ޵ʱ򣬽ֱȡˣαײأ
޳ǱԩˣղȴΪ·ЦǺնе𾪣һʱûعֱӺͳ·ЦĹײһ
·ЦԸٺã޳ٵԼ׼ĹҲǸеһŭģ޳˵Ȼ㲻ʰǾͰˣղŻȥҺܴұҪָһЩܹս
ҪʹóղŵʽĻΣؼǾģ޳ʱ˫۾ѾѪɫҲԵЩ顣
޳ЦһҪǸʱȴܵ´һΣոУı̴ӿγɣ޳߷涼УҪ㿪ǲܵģֻܹ취ƿ
޳ûǿķʽֻսһӣгȥΧıȫսȥ£ŷеٶ뿪ΧЩҵײһ𣬱һ̵ǴЫһǴ޳ȥٶȼ죬޳ոͣ£㿴ǴúսꪲУһǿнٶǴŪͣ¡
ٶ򾳽֮ûܹҲǴþˣҪǴ۷壬治֪˭ס
˵ܹһޣκһ߶ϵҫϧ޳ûĻǰĹӦӲϾˡ
޳ȷҲڴﵽ̶ֳȰɣ޼ʥأǿ߿ǵǡ
ϼЩΪȻǶ޼ʥصͬһ磬޳ҲһǿģϾˣ޼ʥزǴĿߵʵ
޼ʥĸ֣ɵüͷ˵޼ʥغ޳ǿߣôܹ޼ʥء
޴һ˵˵е޳޼ʥصˣѾôǿ޼ʥسҸ˵ڵĳɾͲκһ޼ʥصǿ߲
ϼʶȤıͣɲϣȻҲ˲ˣʵѾԼ޹Ϸ֣ɵۻʱϾǵۻʣҲ۷ʵԼҲĶ֡
Ȼû취ԸˣǾͳź͵˵ѣΨһܹġ
ЦЦĿϼϼŭݸһЦתͷ·޳
ϼ޼ʥأԼҪѰһǿĻ޳õѡ
ǰ޳ڵʵȴѾӽ۷壬֤Ǳǿ󣬻ٹµʱﵽ۷壬Լ취޳ֱͻƵ۷壬Ŀ磬֮⣬˭޳Ķ֡
ԣҲҪ޳Լߡ
˵ӶϾλѾôʱˣڿʼ̳Ҳδɡ
ֵ֮ܣǵҶԼˣƱػ
ʵ̶ʱڣֵܽѾԼ˵̼ޣԽĴ
̽ļޣҲѰ޳ļޡ
ǸǴ޳סɺһ޳߷һôǺսһ㱻ҽǴ֮УǼ޳ԽԽǺϢҲ˳źսںս϶һ㱡ұؿҪ޳ˡ
޳һȣһ𣬺սϵıȫǸǴҲһ޳߸ߵľٵУűЫȥ
Ыû뵽ҵĺ޻֮޳Ȼܹ޳Ҳʹ÷ԪˣνˮݣЫԼʹˮԪأԼʹûԪأͲˣԼŷ컯ϵĹȲЫı
һ޳նϵȾɺɫǲ޳ЩŤԼȥһһ㡣
ˮ˻𣬵ⲻǾԵģ޳ĺսҲɺɫսϵıȻҲȻ͵һӣԭıȻһ޴Ļ׳ȥǼײһеıѾ˻ɫ漴һըغ䶯ǺɫıĴɢűԪص䣬ҲŻԪصıѣ߾ȻôΪһ壬˵ЩˣҲǷǳȣô꣬δֵһĻ
˷ܵ˲޳ǲԶĹհ͹үӣ˵Ļϵߣֻлϵǿġ
ڱ𱬿˲䣬޳ҲûͣЪǰ޴ʮ֣ҾڱЫϷЫ̧ȥͷһص죬ڱԹҲڷŭĵͺ
޳ȴûܵκӰ죬ϵʮն˲䳯űЫıȥź¡һЫϲûкһֱնϣڱһɺɫӡǡ
ʱĹŸҲһУĺ󱳵·ʱѿں󱳳һ޴ʮ֣
ŸϾʹ֮ɫ޳һѵԼԱЫ˺ܹתƵŸϣĻ޳˺ЫЫˣǴŹŸ
޳֪ôʱ򣬸ոշʹĹŸͻȻˡ⻹һοڣ޳ǳ˷ܣ֪Ÿ貢ûֻʱѹƶѡ
Ҳǲ죬˵ǿ޵ѹ£ŸûκλָʶĿܣŸ費ָʶܹԼ壬ں˵ŵġ
ӿߵܴʵô£Ϊʲôָܹǡ
ܴüͷŹŸʱʱֵıЫӰ˵ѾЫ׵ķӡ©ĲѾڹŸˣһʶҪƹŸ壬ǱֵȼҲеǿϾ¶һʮ֮һƾȫռŸ塣
ұΪŸѾױʿƣڿ˵ķӡԹŸЧΪϸЧԲŻñʱŭŻǿд֮⡣
ܹסһЩʱ䣬Щ²ᷢҪƹŸļƻҲܹ˳УϧһҪٻصŸڣˡ


2010 Ŀ
޳׼ãҽ޴ȥ
ŸҹŸȻа취޴ȥ޳˷ܣһŸߣʵҸô죿
ȥסޣʶиʱһὫȫҵȥȻȥֱնҺ֮ϵˡ
ȷܼ򵥣ɹؼǣ޳նϹŸͱʵϵ
ܣܣͷſеĳ·Ц˵ղŵǺնܹٴʹ𣿡
·ЦһҪ޳赲ԼĹڻ״ڵãԼûʱ뵽Լ
·Ц˵ڻܣҪһӲָܹܹʵ
һӡ
޳Ҫȫ޵עܹó·ЦȵĶȹһӣǿޣĹһӵʱ䣬ֱ
޴Ҫһ˶Ըһӵʱ䣿
һ򾳶ߣеʣʵѾԼĸ׽۷ǿߣ޳Ҳֻڶѣôһӣղһӵʱ䣬޳Ѿüվ֮ǰų·ЦİһˣܹɱѾõˡ
СèҲŵս֣ȻϣŸ£ȴҲ޳ΪŸɥԺӣŸⲻȥҲ
ȥ޳սˣ취Ÿ裬ȴŲͣΪ֪޳֮⣬˭ںŸߵ
Ӵ֪СèĵľᣬЦ˵İɣ޳ԸЫǴ´ģ㲻õ޳ֻҪĹŸС
޳Ȼ˺Ÿ裬ǳ·ЦͲһˣӡǸгҪߵ׼ȷȣ·ЦոѾʹùһǺնǺնȻǿ󣬸·ЦĸҲǲС·ЦܹڶʱڻָҲָܹܹʹǺնĵزҪ˾Ŀƣ⼸ǲܵ顣
Сèһֱ˵ĻɵЩͷŤתӡӺΣԼȻˣһŮˣתͷܴҪܴ߱Թһ£ȴû뵽ܴͷŤ۾ֱսǱߣ·κ˴š
ܴ¶ֱʱ򣬾ҲǰţΪԹʹζԸⳢԵڶΡ
޳ǿԺͱЫսһʱ䣬ǰĹ˺Ÿ裬ǸղһԼʮնڱЫϣɹŸȴһѪԵʮ֡޳֣ϾĹǳǿƿأЫһʱɱɹŸҪǳԼĹǿȫûлĻᰡ
Ÿ迴޳һĶʶ֮ľԽԽԶЫԽԶѱЫԽǿأѾƿ壬ٺͱЫκϵ
æ޳˵޳㣬ھǻᣬѾҵϾϵ㾡սǣһȫ赲Ыҵĸŵġ
仰޳˵ͷϸֳһ˿Цݡ
һߣ
һߣ
ʮն
һУ
һʱ䣬޳һòĹһʮűЫȥЫֻǴһϿճһǽ赲޳Ľ޴Ҳץס޳ܵ˵Ļᣬ뿪ץס޳ӣҪ޳С
ǵӼס޳ʱ޳ͻȻ֣һ޴Ľ޽޳УΪͻȻһ㽫ЫĴӸϡ
޵ͽȻɫԽʵɿһ޴ޣϵƺͱЫ¡
޳ڽ޵м䣬Ҫ빥ͨ޵ķЫ͵ػӶӣֻ˲Ĺڽ޵ؿڱһ޴ѿڣǽԪȫ˳ѿڶɢ
޳ɫʱ̣ĲŵԼĽ޾Ȼһ˲䱻ƣ˲޳ǰһסսꪵĽһֱӴ޳ϣ޳ɳȥƶС
˶Ϊ޳군ˣϾղŵһǶиܵ޳ͷѵߣһеıǮҪǻˣ֮ս
˶Ϊ޳ˣ֮һӰӴӰѸٳűЫڽӽ˲䣬һȭڱЫϣڲʹ似£̶ֳȵĹһ㣬һˣ޳
һɾ޴޳ֱ֮ϱⲢκһԪأȫƾЫɣЫڿתȦзһУû֪˵Щʲô޳ɣ
Դﵽ̶ֳȣ޳һһ𣿡
ҲָоôϢҪ޻ҪײУֱҪ޸ޡ
˸ո˵ֻ֮޳ͱЫսһţ˭ûռϷ硣
ʱһһİȥһս쳣ʣһǰʱ·ֹһ㣬·Ц۾ĸߵһУһӵʱܿ㵽ˣ·Цŵ۾ʱǳڿڣһǳٴγֱֱ֣ĳŹŸǱ߷ȥͻȻĹŸ޳һȻ֪һӵʱָܹȴû뵽ڻָ˲һǺնʹκ˶ûüӦ޳ǹŸ裬ΧĿͻ۷ǿߣǶûע⵽·ЦǺʱ۲ķһ
ЩΪһ㷢ģûоȹŸ˼ǺɫǺӼųһ˿һƫ빥ڹŸͱЫ˲䣬ڱЫ͹Ÿӣɱ˹Ÿ߲δȫжϣܹѸٵϡ
Ÿ豻һţû취ֻһ֮䣬ľ͵رɫɫɫ֮Уһɰɫķ϶֣жϹŸ֮ӵΨһ취
һУȻŤת޴ŹŸǱ߳ȥ޳Ȼôһ˲ʹóڿһӰڱЫǰۿűЫײ˹ǸӲĶסֻһ޴Ыͣ޳ǰ޳üΪĸ첲ڸղž޴£ѾѾʣʱ֣ǻֱ۶ϡ
һײ޵ϣⴳ޵ĿУǳɹ޸ֹסˣڴʱЯǺ֮һҲŹŸȥ
Ըղų·Цı֣һɹĿԲ֮һ֮һĿԣɱ·ЦץסˣǺ֮һ㣬һڰâ֮дûһƫһоûǹˡ


2011 ʤ
ô£
һ˲䣬ǺɫǺӱʧˣ·Ц޳ЦЦ˵Ӯˡ˵֮һΣŵˤȥ¼ҵ۷ǿôĿټˤȥһڿн·Цסһŵҩ·Ц£һ뿪սķΧ֮ڡ
СèŸһʧȥʶˣżĴһ磬ѹ
Сèĺ˹Ÿһòѹɣǲ㱻Ǻնߵ˲λתͷСèСèȻûпޣ˫ѾˡСèͺվһ𣬱ܵĶԺӲ⣬ȻҪȥСèʱȴͻȻһ죬޳ӰӸ߿֮˲ڵϣ汻ҳһʮ׵Ĵӣɳʯ𵽿н֮ߡ
޳
ŸҪȥ޳û׼ȥȴоһǿϢܵĲ⣬תͷȴ˱޳
ôܣղŲǡ
Ÿ迴ĿӶûˡ
ŸЯһ̳Ȼո׹ȥ޳ԼҲ޳֮ԻᾪȣΪʧȥʶʱڣ֪޳ɳʲôز
ѾӮˣȥСèɣʧȥƵʱ䣬Ĳǣżȴûκΰ취Сè
Ÿ޳ô˵Сè㲵ݣǵ˵ͷ˵ллҪСһ㣬Ȼֻеһ֣ʵȴǳĿֲ
Ŀֲ޳̹ˣĹŸļ˵ڿʼҲҪ֪ҳ˵
޳˵֮ӶȻڹŸǰʧŸ跴ӦʱȴֱЫѾԼſѪڣ·ҪŸԵһ㡣
Ÿ֪ǲܳԼģϾԼҪˣűЫҪԼѾǲܵˣҽԼɱǽԼȻ·
ùŸû뵽ǣ޳Ȼס޵Ĺֻ֣ͳţӲ޷պϣҲ޷ǰ֣ԭս޳ӦǿУɴ޳ϣκεĵġ
̾ԼҲֻͽ鷳޳һ
ȻѾˣûǰֹЫǶҪ޳Ы
һֱһԿűʱԽԽǿԼ޳֮սоԼ޳ʵһĲ࣬޳ڶʱڲܱȵԼɽǼ˼ѣ޳ʵǵûΪķ½ڱ֮Уϵ򣬲ϵͻԼǵԽսԽ£ʵٶԼĪԼŬǰУֻ޳ԼٴһĻԼúܲҡ
ⳡ֮УҲ޳㣬ҪǲȫĻֻܹΪһĿʷǰ漣ڵΪʵκ򾳽ǿߡ
ԽԽڴսˣңһ㾪ϲģ
һΣ޳ˤɣ޳ܿӿֹͣһľ롣޳Ҫģǰ۴֮ٴγͣһεı֮κһζҪǿ޳ΪԼõһΡ
͵ؽȥǿ֮£ЫûߵĻᣬֻӲһС
ǰγһķľӣһıͬ龵ӲǰɫģǺɫģм俴Ҳʵ壬һƬգΧɢĺ˻⵽ǲЫʹõʽ
Ǳ֮žȥûв֮ǰֱը˲ʧǺɫ֮С
ô£ѵǾҲǷѨһܹɶ
޳˼ǾͻȻٴβһɾ޴޳߳ģʱеһϤĸоû뵽ԼȻгһջᱻԼĹٶȺܿ죬޳ǳɫӾӳ֮󲻵ǷˣԭɫļҲ˺ɫ
ѵҵĹ˶ѣ
޳е⣬ǹǰʱף澵ܹתֻ࣬ӽٷ֮ʮֻǷӳٷ֮ʮʵһȻǿ󣬿Ǳһ֮޳ӦѣԼĺսꪻӳͺսꪹһ𣬶ʱâʢȻ֮Ѿ˺ɫǿĻԣ˸޷ֿ
޳ǿԺսΪ㣬һ޴Ļ˱֮ϵɣ޳ҲΪ֮ϵɳȥûסսꪣֱӴϻţصһ޳ˣӼʱĳˣõ˵
˿Ѫû뵽һȻص似ͨһҲˣѾǭ¿޳ҲԸܵԴ뿪Ÿ裬ϵ˺ܶࡣȻĺٶȷǳ֮󣬱ЫӰɫӼ
һ֮Ȼˣ޳Ļᣬսꪾ޳ߵаԽԽŨ޳Ǵ߳Ķħ
һ޴ӰڿУһŴĺսꪣ֮ǰĿʽͬսϵѾųԼȻаʴ壬ԼԺʹúսꪲٻʧ
ӰҲڷű仯ںսΧɻɢЩģƴһ׵ˣӰӼܹѾףȫòһ޳ֲ޳ĸоΣһƾ͸ļɵ
޳ºսꪣγɵľ޴ĺսҲ֮һ£¡¡һһļѹһ𣬾ͺһȺδס
Ы޵ֿ֮Ӱ˲䶴˱ЫЫ룬˸оһ䶴
һ
޳ʹóеʱ򣬳·Цպ۾֮ǰҲ޳ʹһУɵʱЧԶûǿ޳ʵһ㣬һеȴʮֹ
һԺͳ·ЦǺնһ޳ʹôɱ֮ʹóȻ˲ţ޳ʵȷȳ·Цǿöࡣ
ĿȻţò˼ʮĿ޳£ϧҪ޼ʥأǰҲûţÿһǱ޼ʥãǱ޼ʥء
ûм˵ȥΪĻҪ˵ԼС鷳ʱ͡
ΧҲһʱͣҲ˿
ûΧ˵ۣҲ۷ǿ߸еɻǣһûܽЫֱɱΪʲôԼɢѵܲǾ޴ѹȻвͨģΪǺնʱǹƺƴ󣬿ɱЫǵûк£սʮ㣬ȫͬ˵Ǳ޳ɱģ˵ɱġ


2012 һ
޳ͣڿУڵĴϢţսջȥȻԼʤˣȴŵ顣ſеıĭѾҶˣʵ
ɵһЦ
޳ˡ
ӿߵܴ˵ҪҪһ޳
ãܶ޳вᱻ޳һǿžˡ
˷ܵĵ˵ͷ˵ЩҲǱĿԣô򵥵鶼ûп
޳ܵΧƺЩԾйĪĶѸٳԼ޳ʱ˵ҲǱûʵĶȫɣҾȻΪҽɱˡ
Ҳ׹ܴ̬һѡΪʶ̫Сǽ޳֮УҲ޳κε˺
ΧѸٵۣҪ޳У޳Ҫ֣ȴҪԼǹֱӽԼ֮УΪԼһ֡
޳󾪣а̾⵽ôһ£
ϵسӯȻﵽ۷ľ磬ȴıԴߣ۷̶Ҳֻһ֮䡣
ֻһˣ޳оԼҪҲܹﵽ̶ֳȵĻԼһԴﵽ۷塣
岢ûиôĺֻʵѣΧ˽ŵ̬Ц˵û£ⳡӦӮ˰ɣ
Ȼ޳ӮˣЩ˱ǿ·Цģȴû뵽Ϊ޳ĸ˱·ЦҲġ
п˳·Цһۣ·Ӯ䶼ó·Ц½ۡ·Ц˵ͷ˿µľǳ·ЦҪˣʱ򷴶ùĲС
Ҳ·Цĵͷвɵ¶ɫ·ЦȻǱ΢ѷɫ޳һɵǰʵȴǺ޳£رһ۷ǿҲûаܹôǳ·Цˣһɾ
Ҷɵ޳ߣ޳ûʲô£˿ŸȫָʵǸոմﵽ򾳽磬ʵСȴ˷ǳİģ޳˿۾ų·Ц˵ѾﵽҪĿ꣬ҲܹԼҪٸҺ顣
·Ц΢΢鶯˵ӮңֻȡһĻᣬڸţ֮飬ʲôϵ
ûͬ⣬Ҳûоܾڲʵ޳֪ˣһֲ룬ѵ·ЦһֱڰԼ
ܱߣǿ߶Ѿ֪ԼĸҪԼ֣ǱҪվ޳ˣһԼʵ޳˵ģֻҪǻһ޼ʥ޳鷳˭޷κε޳
Ѿ޳͹ŸҶ˻ص䣬Ҷ䵹û£̨֮ȫֻ߸˵ĹСϾҶҪ֧֣Ÿʹ
һؼҵĻˣǱǺӺܴ
ܴνӣһɰеζеŮ˶ϲС̫һǸ̫Сè͹ᶼǳᣬùŸҶ˿Ϊ࣬ǻ治ǺӵĶ֡
ǹϲ޳
ܴĳޣ޳ֻǸæҡͷ˵ĹϲλӱҲȡʤ
ˡ
ܴǰⱭһɢһֺ֮󣬶޳˵޳ֵܣѾȡ˱ʤҪʲô
Ҫ޳Լ޽磬ǱҪ޳׼̣㽫޳ȥ޳ĻҲûá
һһЩ˽Ҫλһֱҵߣһʲô飬ˡû취ֱӴӦǵҪ󣬱Ͼҡ
鲻ȥ飬ʮ˵Ҳֻһգ۶ѡ
۷ǿߣʮʱǿҲֻһգ۶ѣ޳ΪȻǿȴ˵ؽ
ǲʱһǻᾡȫǵġ
޳ûпڣҶ˵
޳ȵĿҶ䣬Ҷ޳һЦ˵ھ̫ڶңλҲԷһЩ
޳ǽǵҶ˵ֱ̫ӣλСȴû뵽Ҷôֺ˵ˣܴͺӵԸ񣬶ֱֱȥӲĨǵˣҪҶ˵秣Ƿܴܡ
ܴҶ룬˷ܵ˵ȻԣʱҿܹЩ޷֮ڿҸʵĵطϢˡ
ŮܴĻɵý۾źӣеıĸ
ӺΣ˵ס⣬ΪʲôὫԼܴźӵĲӣ˵λСڻΪˣ֪Լе˰ɣ
ǽһί
޳æΧ˵ֻǺӵȤѣ˭һȤʲôġ԰ɣҶ䡣
ҶʱɫڹɷĿ֮£˵
޳ҲֱҶ䣬佫Ҷ˿Ѿʼ󣬵ȵԼ뿪֮ҶܵŰ
ܿ죬ɫ˶ѾɢԻصӵķ䣬ֻ޳Ҷ͹Ÿ軹鷿֮С
֮Ҫˣ޳һЩұӦø㡣
޳Ҷɫɻ˵ʲô飿
ģǰʱȥ̽Ŀȴ֪һЩ˵̫õ顣
޳۾Ҷ˵ò˵һֱ飬֪ȥֻǸҪ֪ڵװȫȫҪ顣
Ѿ˵ֵزҶ磬СĿ޳˵Ҳν
޳΢΢üôÿ˵ĻһӣȻûм˵ȥ飬һļ죬ÿһ鶼ǵһôΪԼ߼£ͽԼˡ
ǲ޸һЩõϢһֱûиң
޳Ԥеˣ˺׼׼ӭӻϢĳҶ˵ͷ˵˵ǵ㣬ȴǰ㵱ɵˣϣ㲻Ҫǰ
޳ס
Լɵˡ
޳뿪Լ񣬵ȷǽԼ֮ǣԼ˵Ҫȴ͸ޡ
ԼҲӦúԼ
޳ûҶ佫ڲ˵Ϊ˵벻˵һԼԼҲһҪȥ
Ҷ俴޳û˼Ե˵ͷȻ޳Ҫðգӡ
ҶҲڲ룬·Ц޳Ū˽֪ǲҲΪҪ޳޳ٳеһЩգҶĲ޷õ֤ʵϾոչȥ·Цûκζ


2013 İ·
֮鹤ۣҲҶޣҶ˿ûΪҶĳֶ˿ĽţǷǳˬĺҶк
ܣҲҪȥѵĵûἵʣ
Ҷ˵Ҳ̫СˣϾǹռҵˣǹռʲôҲӦɣ
Ȼ벻հǸӣȻܹϱִŮһҪϲ㰡û뵽̶̼µʱҲﵽ򾳽磬ɱȵǿˣ㵽ҵҲӦ۷˰ɡҶ޶˶٣˵ûĵرĸʵôô죬ҶܹﵽЧĵرҲֻө˰ɡ
Ҷһû뵽Ҷ޾Ȼ֪өݵ飬ѵȥؿ˿
ؿԿֻһ滹ǿĽƣûԿ׵£˭ܽȥҶҲûκΰ취Ҷ֪Ҷ޽ǲ²ѣһò֤ݣҶ䲢û⣬˵ܹıҵʵĿɲֻөһ֣˵Ӧ̷֪֮Ч
Ҷɫһ䣬Ȼ͹ռʧˣҶҲʧˣϢȴǷǳͨģ˵һհˣһ޳ˣѵ޳ֱҶıʣ
޳ҪпһЩߣ޳ǳĴ仰˿û׼ͺʵһ㣬Ȼʵˡ
ԭˣһΪөݸıʣ͸ϼ׼淢ˣû뵽ǵǽһ㼼һﰡ⼸εĽҶһͿأ˺أ
ҶȻ˵ſϧȴ˿ûһϧ֮ɫӣƺҲϼӣɵ˻ϼ֮Ĺϵ
ҶԸԼҶޱ󵽵˭ԼˡҶʲôԲƽϣҶ֮ǰĿ׼˹ᣬһԲ̣νӱʮ겻Ҫ֮ǰҪŪҶޱˡ
ҶȻҶˣɺСʱȥʦˣһ۷ǿߣĵӶ۷ǿΪʦһŻôǿ
۷ǿΪҪԼЧһңеǿҶ䲻ûмҲû˵Ҷ޵Ϊ˵ڸһڻҵǿߣ
ȻźܶܣҶ۾һУа̾ʲô㣬һҪֹ
ܿ죬·Ц޳˵鹤Ѿʮ꣬ʮʱΪ˾ǵһ󹤻ᣬڶ˹˦ԶԶأΪʲôΪǵĹĺǹػߣ˭Ҫ˺ǾԲ̡
˵仰ʱĿ⿴޳ͺ޳Ǹ˺ˡں磬ҲмɻΪʲô˵仰ʱҪ޳Ѳ޳֮ǰʶ
Ҳֻǲ²¶ѣôһ뿪ʹһΣôôɱ޳ʶˡ
·Цû˵꣬Ŀ·εÿ˿ķëͻȻջأ¶һ˿˵˵ڿʼ鹤Ὣڣػ˽ػѾҪˡ
仰˵֮ȫһȻ𾪵飬һ³·ЦҪɢᣬǹĻ᳤ҲĴʼˣҪɢûֹܹˣҲû˻˵ʲôȻǸе𾪵ĵڶ飬˻ػ˭ѵ޳
˶֪޳ⳡʤߣڱ֮ǰҲû˵ⳡǱװ
ϲϲ
˿޳һԹԣ޳֮׷ȥΪǷ޳ܹػǸӲܣǲʸҲһ
ǳ·Цȴҡҡͷ˵ºȻ֪
仰˵ºҪˣͻĴ˭ܹܵˡ޳Ҳһ£תͷҶ䣬ȴҶҲȻҶҲ޳˿Ͼʹţ·Ц˵Ĳһģֻǽɢ鹤ĽڡΪʲôҪɢǻǱߵѹ
޳Ҳ֪
޳·Ц˵֮꣬Ŵ˳Żʹȥ
治ţϾҪˣ
¸˷ܵ޳֣ССȻܹ޳Ĺͷžž죬ɼǶô˷ܡ
·Цתͷų¸˵ӺϤʲôˣ
ҵĸס
ԭǷּҵıܣѹôأ·ЦȻ𾪣ƽ˵һѰ顣
Ӧ˵ݣĻͲñˣΪǳ¼˺ֻͣҪ˵һҶҪλá
ģлл硣
·Цһ·϶ںͳ¸˵鹤ôʱ䶼ûϳڲ꺮ů޳֪ǳ·ЦԼ֪ʧߵĸܣȻûʧܹ
ԣܹԼȥѾˣ
ȥ
û뵽ƢȻôԼ˸ոսţ㱻ѵȥƢ󣬶ƫƫ޳һ뷿䡣
ѵȥ˶ںˣ޳ȴûж

˭Ҳʶ㡣
޳һ£зһ˿ˮɸĮ飬ĻȻǶ޳óû˵ѣĲʶ޳ˡ
޳һʹѵ˵޳
޶ԣŭ֮⣬е
ΪʲôΪʲôûмɼȴôգΪʲôҵĺʹѵ֮ǰְˣ
Ӧһȥģȴ޳ȴֻܹվš
ʹĲҲţ˭Լûȡñĵһڱдδأ
޳ı仯һѹԭֻеܣҲһԼ߻ţأ
ԼļѾʧɶԼĸ黹ڣΪԼޣΪЩʱĶ
Ȼ޳Ҳ֪ΪʲôڲϣԼߵСؤϡ
ϣң޳
֪޳˭˭ҲУȥҰ˽нҲ㵥һ𡣡
ûЧ޳ȴֻóһЦ˵ϡǽȥ
һҲЩˣЩ˲֪ϵĺ壬Ϊ޳Ϊ̫鼱֮˵ˡ
ǽк󣬷ۿģʱԼͬĻͷ޳ղֻ޳һȻ޳


2014 ǿ
һ˫˫ӵ۹⿴޳޳һΣԼϲûʲôҪǱ鹤֪Լʵµֻ¶ʱͻˡ
޳ûпʼͣ˵ĴֻһЩ˸е飬޳ûйϵ
޳Ŀû뵽ԼΧɿȻûֺ⣬ȴɲʶԼ
ʱ䲻һӣе˶Ҫ뿪Ȼ޳Ҳһֻ޳г˲ʣԼǰȴʶԼ
޳ߵĹŸ裬˵ôˣ
Ѿ⿪ӡİ취ˣҪҪʹãȫҪԼӹҸܵһ־ɢϣϢҾһᶯǹġ
޳˵ͷ·ЦΪĿĲŽŸģֻһɻ飬·ЦôĽŸѵı˻ɵϣ
Ÿ֪޳еɻ󣬽˵󷨲˶ܹ⿪ҪһˮϵߣڶҲ󷨣Ȼ½֮ҵڶˡ֮ǰо·ЦΣգڿΪһУͻȻܿĸо
˪ĹŸ趼ʼ·Ц˾ȵͬʱҲɵΣελѰŮӣһжýˡ
ѰŮӣֻ˵ĺ֮С
ҶͻȻôһ䣬޳󲻽⣬޳ɻĿҶ䣬ҶҲüͷ޳˵Ҹղһֱڹ۲ҶޣҶ޴ͷβû˵һ仰ûжһ£ֱĿ
̰ͼɫҲͰˣҶҶ޵˽⣬ŹκһϵŮˣϵһòŮӣȴȫûһа֮⡣
޳ǲ⣬ЩǺ𣿷ԼŮˣɲϣš
Ȼ󣬿³˵ﲢΪòΪ
ò֮⣬޳֮Ǳڵľ޴ȻΪòһΪ
Ȼ֪ҶʲôֻҪ⣬һܷŹ
Ҷ޳ϵɱҪֹתһ룬ҶֻԼͽգֱɱһ˰ˡ
ڻʹڲɱˣ޳׼һʹͶ֣Ҷ͹Ÿᣬʱ׼ͷ֧Ԯ޳
޳ʵֻҪûдﵽ۷壬κ˶Ϊ壬Ҳû뵽ĻԼֵĻᡣҶʹôĽ֧̤ŵ˲䣬޳ɱͷų޴ɱڵڳ֮УҶ޿ֵվ
޳Ҷ䣬˹Ȼѡڳֻ֣ϧһֻҪʦڣ˭ң
޳ɱʱʧȡģΧһǿϢϢ֮£ϵɱҲѹƵ޷ͷų
ô£
޳ҲǾȣǿϢͨߣЩ۷ǿǰûôǱ
ҶͻȻһˣȫڰں֮Уֻһ˫۾˫۾޳˺棬ȴûк޳ԻץסҶ޵·˲ʧͺڲµ󷨸޷
Ҫ֪ڵǿ£ǿ֣߳Ҳܵ󷨵ƣȴһ˲ʧԼǰʵ֮ǿ޳е𺳡
ôܣѵǿߣ
Ÿĸܺ޳һǸǿͨ˸û취鲻ԽĽΪǿߡ
ҶȴΪȻоԷǿߣʵӽǿߣԲôҲҲ˵޳һܹԽսʵѾӽǿߡĿʱǿĹôͻȻĳһǿߡ
ԭҶޱ˾ȻҶһֱαװҶ˽ҶޣǸǿߵĻҶҪ򱶡ţҪԼϻ
ΪеǣҶһˣ״ʲô
ˣ
˵װ粻޳ǻɫӰӣѹ֮ϵ
ۻ޳Ŀ磬Բ㰲ŵģ޳磬Ȼ޳ĵ
˸޳ĸоֲǸӰҿӣƺʶԼ޳оԼԴҪըˣ˵˭ʶ޳˺ܶ࣬ʶǧ޳ֻмڴǧǿߣѲǸҲ
Ȼⶼ޳Ĳ²⣬۴ʲô˶һ飬ûнҶɱԺҶ޶ȻԼ˱𣬶˵Ҷ޵ıνɹؼҶ޲˾ӣҪֻĥԼֱɱԼ
ʱʾܴڼǶôǣ۷ǿ޳ŲõЩ˵İȫ
ڳ⣬ɭ֮С

ˡ
ܺá
Ǻ˴·ַ֣֮Ҷ޵ͷϣ漴һɫĹâ˷һЦ
ܺãܺáùĶ¯ǵһôζôǿĶ¯أ
ÿԭɢҶޣ񽥽ָɫһĵӣ˵ʦǲֻҪˣܹﵽ񾳽磿
ûڴ֮ǰҪѰһ壬ûվֻһѡ
Ҷ֮󣬴ϲ˵ʦ㿴ô
˴һҶޣҡͷ˵㵹ǿԣҪ¶ܹܵס޳ǲֻҲǿҵ͵ʴס
Ҷ˵ǾɣԸΪʦһС
룬յͷ˵Ǻãһ£ʱ֮У֮⣬Ҫ취ر𣿡
Ҷ޵˵ͷǺ˲ʧǵ޳ʱһ㡣
Ϊ񣬾ֻ壬ҲһҪΪĿһˡ
ҶͻȻһЦЦݸĿ£ɥĲݣҶޣҶ޾һ۲۵ķӡ
ڼȴǺ룬޳޾ɵĻصңȴּԽԽˡ
ԭΪԼһסΪܴĶԲŪһһԺӣڻصԺ֮вŷֶ֣һ³ԱǱǹԡԺͺӵԸһһĽɫԺڣԺӱø֡
Ҫ޳Ŀջʲô˷ʵ֮⣬ҲһȺˡ
ԽԽǹ¶ϣҲʱĻȹһӡ


2015 Ӱ
ҹ
¹޳Ű췢һУԼ̬ȣѹģķŭãȻ
ԼЩʲôǵõ˲ʹģʹǽһжǣȴ˼ˣĪĿڻЦᣬҹ֮շת࣬ȴ֪ԼԺ֮ĵ˭
޳˵
һӣǵһ
һϲҴЩа޳ĶԴ޳ܿȥȴֲûˣ˵Ա˵˵֮Ĺͨ޳һԼסͷų
һСıЫ;޴ıЫͬСķӴǿ
޳֪Ы֮Уû⣬Ϊ˶˵ЫԶ޳˺޳ûк£Ҳûн
㣡
޳ȵĿűЫʵǲǾû̽ǾһҵĿ֮㻹װŪС̽
𡭡ͬ˵ķϣʱ֮ĶԹȷ¡ڼľ֮УҵѾΪһ壬ֻҪ뿪ĻҾͻҲܶвġ
޳ЫӣʱĻʵô°ΪʲôᱻŸڣ
˵Ҵ򲻹࣬Щɵռ˴ˡҿһʣʵ൱˵۷壬ҵʵҪǿ⣬־֪ʱʣϵĻߡ
ޣ޳ǵһοȻҲΪ޳֪Ҳ޵Եʡŵһֻŵڶˡ
ǷɢͻȻռ䱻ѿһ޴޳ǰ
޳һȣϾЫѾǿˣȱЫǿǵʲôް
ɲޣ̶ֳȱޣȻֻһȴҲӦˣǷ޶˱ߣռΪ
ޣǱߴ񾳽ޣ޳֮ǰޣűЫǸ޺ҲЩƣв̾ѵӡˣ
ǣǸôˣ
뿪ãһƬ㷢һսڼ֮⣬ܹܵǿֲӦߺս
˭Ӯ˭䣿
֮ҲûϢˣȻӡסˣһӡ֮С
ôʱ֮ǰʲôϵ
̾ϢһǷ򸾵ȷܳˣΪѾˣʱ仹ָĲһ룬ǡãʱ߷˵ǡɳ۷ǿߣ֮£ٴλصǵأӴҲûгʮ꣬ջ³
˵ǲǾһʮ궼ûͶǸĻһȹôʱ䣬ǿʵջ󡣡
޳ͻȻס֣˵˵ʲôǸ
еϹޣһǿҪǱĻʯǿ޷ֻһǿ߶Ķ֡
޳û˵ĻԴֻ֣֮ȻҲ
֪֪ӡ𣿡
Ȼ֪ҵĵ̡
޳ĵ˵ͷȻ˵Ǻãȥ
ʲô
ЫΪԼ˻ɵ޳ᶨ񣬲ɵʵҪֻ֪ĿһС֣ɶͳΣصʵǿޣԱ۷ǿ߻Ҫ࣬ȷҪȥ
޳˵ͷ˵Ҫȥ󣬸Ҵ·
Ыûа仰޳ĻܣΪڿЦʲôϹޣԼ˹ʺ˲ŻУȻˣɽһս
ǰʵڵСӾȻȥĸݵĻǱǰΡ
޳ȻôΪ˵
ʲô
ҶԾĿ޳˵Ҫȥǳɭ֣
޳ͷ˵ֻȥһ¶ѣһұȥھ飬ֻ鷳͹Ÿҵˡ
ϱЫѾҶе޳Ҷֻ֮ȻܼԦȴҲԹŸɡҲ˵ڵĹŸʵҪ޳Ҫǿ󣬾ǺӺܴ뿪ڣ޳Ҳܹġ
ܷЩˣЩ˿ɲ
ǳɭֵ׶ûֻ֪֪ǳɭֵм޼ʥأǳɭ֮ǿޣ޼ʥضκǳɭû취ô޳ȥôΣյĵط
޳ȻѾҶ֪޳ȥһʲô飬޳ʣҲ޳Ҫ뿪ҪȥʲôҶҲʣֻ޳Ȼ޳֤Լչ˺˵ġ
޳ܹ֮뿪ΪЩҶңķʲôҶҲһа취
Ҷ֮⣬޳һ˱Ҫ֪ͨһ˱ܴȻ˵ܴԵԼܳʱ䣬ԼͻȻ뿪֪ͨһ˹ⲻȥȥѰܴҪʱ䰵бԼѡ
Ҫȥǳɭ֣
ܴ΢΢üƺҲһ⡣
޳˵æʵͻȻȥǳɭһĶ˵ǲֻСЫӣ
Ȼʳ֮ΪСЫӣӵʲô
޳΢΢Ծʲô޳ںֻҪ֪ӶԼûвС
ܴûгֹɿȻҲǲ޳ɵġ
ܴ˵ҺͺǴǳɭֳģգʵﵽ۷Ҳˣڵʵܱӽ۷սһЩǰʵ
˶٣˵ҪȥĻҸɣ뻹е㱣ϣߣΪôǿ󣬶һڻʳ֮УʲôΣա
ܴô˵⣬޳ҲϣԼݱ˷ֻ֣ܹܾ
֮ǰǵһҶ޵ļһĺҹƶˣҲһǿߣƺܸȤҵҶӦֻ鷳λһҲΪһЩ˽£ԡ
޳˼ˣܴ˵ͷ˵Ȼ֪ԼʲôҾͲȥˣҪסһЩǿޣǧҪӲϣ⾡˶أ
޳Ķ˵УǧҪȫűЫֻһԼѣҲԳûúһ£ǿ㡣
ӽһЦȴǱЫ޳֮У˵һжЫˡ


2016 ʸ
޳Ϣ뿪ϾڶҲˣһһ˷ֻ֣ǻԼһƻ԰ҹʱϢ뿪
ȥķߣҲǺǣȻдź֣ȴк෴ﴦȫĵط
ǻĮĸ̲
ҹ·޳˺ǣǵĺҲΨһһûв鹤ļ壬ǵûв룬ȥսûйսߵһ۹ΪһĴڡʵȴǵĳǵʵ۵ĸֻҪкں֮УھǸǣΪǿս
޳֮ǰҶ˵ΣҶݺֻĸ֣Ǳ׽͸ܹҶ׽͸֮٣ÿһ˵򵥡
޳·ǣôвȥĵ뺣ǲŷ֣󷨾ȻȾǵĻҪʵ߽ͨУΪֻʣʮ֮һҡ޳ҲֱӴڣ򾳽һ¡
ڳڻ޷Ϣڳзȥߡ
ֱߵ¡
޳ǰľ󣬲ɵøп˵
꣬·꣬ССĹᣬӪóҲйء
޳֮û߼˸Լտʼû⣬Ϊϲûе⣬ʮ֮ûҪ뿪ļ޳üߵһС֮УȻת˳֡
һСŮֻʮ߰꣬಻ʵҲﵽ򾳽磬ȻЩȻһСŮôǿʵ
޳еǣΪʲôһֱںԼĳࡣ
ɣ
޳Ҫǿ˵ͷˣٶҲûã˵ҵ󵽵ҪʲôĿģ
ҽкǿϲûйı־һҪҪǵĹ᣿
޳һ·ȷٵĹᣬǿҲ£ƺĹ鹤᲻һҪĿΪ׬Ǯ
޳ֲȱǮ
лл룬ֻǿһ¶ѣϾҪ뿪Ҳû취ǹᡣ
΢΢¶ɫ˵ǺðɣƬʲô鷳ֱӰǺᱨǣû˻᲻˵ġ
СŮŵ˵޳룬Ҳûм޳һתǿȥ
ʵѾͷ޳һΣŮĻкغͺһϵ
޳һȦ׼ɽҪѰһ䣬һŷʵĴ䡣
տʼ޳˵ʱ޳ΪڿЦһ޶ޣȻŷǱȴһӣ˵ҲˣźǿˮԪû꣬ͻĿʪӣʪһȻͻήꡣ
͵Ҳеֻͨһ޳е󣬼ȻʵʶѾ룬Ϊʲô֪顣
쵽ˣ֮ǰЩﶼֻһĿģǱǳƿҵñʴˣôܹƿصġ
޳üͷΪ˵֣ȻҲСЫȷһ̸󣬿˹ϵ֮ܳΪѣһ仰ʽö˳Ϊ˵ˡ
Ы޳ϵɱ˵òҪʱְɣҪ֪һָʵ֮ҾʹȥǸطȻ࣬˵
޳ɱⲻЫ󾪣˵ҸղֻǿЦҪɱңԶҲҲλá
޳һ˵ʱ㣬ҪסһҪǸҶôܴǿɲġ
·ϣ޳Ы첻ز£ƫƫܴͺӳ˿ֻţ޳˵仰֮ǱЫʱɫ
֪Ƕ˵ĳѹȴܸ޳
޳Ҫ֪Ӻܴ飬ΪڵΪ̶ֳ̫ȵ磬ĿǰܹӴġ
޳ԼͺӵĽ֣Ҳûдﵽ۷壬ʵȴԼǿĶ࣬Ŀ֮Ǻټġ
Ȼ޳ҲûΪԼ޵ˣֻǣӵĴ֪Լһ̨ҪԽ
ǰУڵ˵Ĵ䣬ǵǰһĻʱ򣬶ʱˡ
䶼ɫıϷɵĵܵĻˮεģһ˲ơ
޳˵˵ȺŷĴ񣿡
ЫһЦ˵ƺһЩ⣬Щ˱ҵı⡣˵֮󣬿ԶǸ޴ıЫʱôʱ䣬ܹٴοˡ
ҪЫ֮У²ݱЫ֮ʱͻȻһȺߣǲûпЫֻ޳
ߡ
Ϊ׵һӣֻ˵ӣʵȴ֪ˡ߸ŵȴһЩͽСߣʮ꣬СҲֻǶʮꡣ
СȻ۷ǿߣȴҲֻһ֮ң˶ںڲȣΪ׵Ǹ۷Ϊ
޳жʱŷ⣬˵û뵽طֻǷˣ޵ֻһӦô졣
˼ԣ޳Լ˳޳˾ȻвԼɵһЦԼϢͷųΪȻڣͷŵϢȴѷɫκһ۷ǿߡ
ϵǿöԷ˶סһڵ߾ȻܹǿϢһӡ
޳һǰһ˵ҷȰǻǿ뿪ҲǶ֣ԲҪҡ
Ǽ˿ĭΪ׵۷ȴһɵӡڿһ٣һζɵĳǹУǹ׳ֱӳ޳ؿڴȥ
޳ûжΪֻʵһҲԼٶȣӦûС
᳤ġ
޳Щ˵Ļ׹ѹоǰЩӰƴģԭֻͬһᡣ
ȻܹļǿߣɺļǿһҪıѵ֮ĬȡȫǸ᳤һ˵̨޳ҿ϶ֻҪԼֽ˻ܣҲͻɢˡ
޳֮ǰĽ±ȽϷ㣬ڿԼһ
ͻȻ޳ˡ
Щ˻ΪԼ˻þ޳ǽǸǹץסǹķ֪ģϵ޶޷ܣȻ赭дĽǹץסȻһۣǵһǹ롣
Ǹ۷ǿһĺˣ²·Ҫ˵ʲôѾŵͷʹĻصҽС
ڣǻ𣿡
޳ǹһӣ˵ǰɫ˲òҰףæվ뿪


2017 
ô£ô𣿡
޳Ǹ۷ǿ߻Щͨ߶һ˹ӡ
ѵǺµˣ
޳һͷһԾ޴ĴҪסʵıЫ֮ǰ޳Ķ֡
ĶҲ־ܣսꪼǺ˲޳壬޳ҲһϢŭ𣬿ɱ޵ĺ򱶡
Ͼǿĵ˵ǰ޳Բһ˿֣һ޴ĺսڿгͣսߵĻӰҲ֮ǰø
ţ
ЫѸС޳ЫĻǿͣԼĶսҲʧˡûĶԱЫ˵ԺǲҪٿЦˣһ
ЫһΣ޳һȴ˸û뵽޳ķӦȻôѸ٣һ˲䴫ƣеһ˿ļ£Ҫ֪ʱ۷ǿߣܹеļ£ʵ֪
ЫС֮ǰ࣬ʵȴ֮˭ܹ뵽ƴСĶȻ۷̶ȵޡ
֮ǰ޳Щӣڿ޳Ǳ޳Ǳܣٿ޳ߵˣﻹҶ޳һ˿ӡ
޳󱻱ĴׯܹܵЩ˶ţǱ˵ȽЩ˸ųȻǾ뿪ɡ
ЦЦ˵ʵڵʱ͵͵˼㽫ַϺúøһ¡
޳ַڱϣȴЩƺѾǹ̬Һ壬ֻҪԼһıԪس޳ӿ޳֮Уļ֮лһЩһ£Ȼܹ似Ǹ޳Ǽ£ǿķܲסû뵽ʾȻת似ԼˮԪѾﵽ۷壬ԼҺıڱ˵ȴǼ᲻ɴݣҺĺôǾڿı仯޳һһˮУȻɢİ׹⣬ϵˮٴη仯һ
ڿת̫Եɫ
ЩոոյĴÿһĻӴ֮ŷı㲻Ǳʣһˡ
޳֪Լ֮ڴ֮дһ˵ڵĿǽǳɭֵʱһСЫſԼϢոջȨõİ취̽˯֮УԼﵽٷ֮ٵ϶ȡ
ûбʵָ·޳óȻǰֻӦͱʣѰһȫĵط׼˯
С㣬ô죬ȺҪǵڵǻǽɣȻǶҪˡ
Ǹ˼Ĵ죬ԣԼﲻʲôԼС㳤ôƯһȺүǻСʲô飬ǿõ
Ϊ׵ǸСȴһ㶼ûкµ˼˵ϵ˰
һóڣһӣӵǧ׵ĸ߿֮Уϱһǿ˲佫ڴ򱬣۵İ׹ɢ۾âøʮ˿֮󣬱Զ󣬡С㣬СȵҰ
ǰ׹ûñ˿޳֪Ϊһɽ֮ڣΧĵôӣһ¾ǧ֮ߣǲɵзźŷڵϣɵó档
޳±Ե˯ͻȻоһԼǰ治ԶҪ۾ʲô飬ֻһ۵İ׹޳۾
Բۡ
˺óʱ޳۾ӰʧͰŶ˸飬âʧ֮޳ŷ֣ʮǿߵϢΪһ߰˸ˣһֻˡ
޳£һ˵Ϣ޳һϤоһᣬͻȻǷƤ˵۸޳ͱŵĹ
޳̾˿û뵽Ȼôɡ֮ǰӺѾԵǳɭֻһֺԵ֡
Եֶ޳˵ûôϾǳ־ˣû˾
пʼԹʣ粻˯治˯ƫƫҪڽ·˵һʱ˯ҪȻ뿪ˡ
˶źŵûб̫ģϾ֮ǰս˵ƺƴû˷֣һССźŵȻûô
С㣬ǿ군ˣǻǰڵǣȫҪ
ҪǺֵߵһܷʲô飬Ҷġ
С˵úãΪ˴СĿģҰ׺ͰھסȺˣ취Сӳȥ
һģˣӯ˵ͷ˵ͦסֲס͸Ͻ뿪
İС㣬Ϊ㣬Ҳȥģ
仰˵ǷǳȻ壬ɵǿһȺǳɭԺܾõˣ˫ð⣬ͷϵĻһһ·ʱὫǿˡһʱʧˡ
ɱǣ
ڵЩеȷʲôɵҪ֮ʱȴоӿдһǿ¡һ汻ҳһӣ̳ɢ˿վڿеˣ׷¶ɫ
ֻЩ˸е֣İ׺ͰҲе죬˲Ǻ˰ôΪԼͷ
׻Ϊ˾ǣɵ޳ʵʱʱסˡ
ڡ
ڻûƽǰվڿе޳ɻʵʲôڣ
С˵ϢȻǿ󣬿ΪֻڶѣҹֻҪѶԷܡ
˵СɻöԷˡ
ԭֻһڵСëͷһΪʲô̶ȵǿأ
Ѿڣڶ֮ǰЩ˱ȿֵֵѾˣΪȻʵƽƽǸеɵǰᣬϸһΣոеļһ
СӣȻǹģôͺûϵɱԼԼ鷳
޳Щ˷ǵʵȷ֮ǰĹᣬΣһϵĻҲ޳Ķ֡
˭˵ûϵҵ飬˵йϵ𣿡
СںСײĿ޳û뵽޳Ȼ֪ǵݣٿ޳˽ͷӶ˵òС˰ɣ
˵Сôӵأ
Ӧʲôӵģ
ҲۣС
˵Ļ޳ˡ޳ʱеǺЦǺͺԸ໹ǹ̥
ȻҲ޳͵Цˣɵð˵ǷϣǿСˡ



2018 ޳Ůˣ
˵֣ǵûвˣ¶ЦݣⲢϵɱʧ
ϡ
ճǴһһȭϣǿɢԲ֮ڵĵȫѣȴվڵϣһĸ첲һػճǵ֮͵һ˦֣޴˲佫ճǸƷɣȻƷɵͬʱ޳ȴ£޳ͲţķһûУӰȭҸ´ȥ֮ʱҲѾˡ
̾СӣȻ͵Ϯ
޳һЦ޷ӦʱӴԼϵһȣۿֻ־Ҫϣһɾ޴ɢʱ޳ſֲһ͹ˣ޳ڵɵĹУҪжڡ
ճǿԼ״̬һ˺ûУʹõر仯˲׶ߣǰӰС˵ǰˡ
һδԹռҵĵر仯벻֮£Χķʱƿʱ޳ˣһ޴׼ҲûʶʱᱻճƿҪջعҲѾˡ
Сġ
ȻԼĵˣ޳ȴ̲סҪ
żһԹһ޳ʵ֮ǰô࣬ɲС
ʱϻŹճǵĹûֵճǼ״ҪջҲѾˣһ޴ıըճǵɳȥȴԭأûкһȻˣ¶һ˿ѪĨȥ˵û뵽֣ǲ
ȻƽڵӶЩǱϵ·һ󶴣ؿڻѪӻλƣȫ޳ı֮󣬶ƽ˵·Ҳסô似ֵܹס޳Ľ
ճǺ޳ڲʶǿ󣬲ҲˣԸӦü򵥶ˡ
޳Ѿ̫ģʱ֮ڲв㽫еĹ׼˹ճǡ
̧ͷŹճǣʱĹճѾﵽ֮ߣڱСǰһˡŹճǺǲˬ˵㲻ǸӸǾͱһ¿˭ĸͷߡ
˵֮͵棬ǵ潥¡Σ𽥱һӣӦ˵Ǳһ˵ӣ͹ճǲľˣվھ˵ļϣҪȹճǸһ
Ĺ£ǾԵøʵճҪʱȴǸ˸ֵɵˣӲȴҪԶһĽճǷǵûн飬屻һƣ˵ɳȥ
޳Ļָǿӵʱ䣬Ѿս֮ˣֻдäйһ޳ĳ
޳һھ˵Ľ£͵һȭȥ֮һâ͸ͬӰһ㡣
֪޳Ѿ֣ûһ˿ţһ뿪䵽ϵͬʱճǵĹ֮ת֣һǿͷųһǽڹճǵ֮䡣ɫǽ忴ӲɹճһȭȥǿǽһΣûƿ
޳һĻоǳ֣ķܹԶжһ㣬ʮֵֻҪסңµжˡ
Ϊ֤ʵ뷨޳ٴǰٶȣû취ⲫֻ÷ס޳Ľ
гֵһ޳ӰȭУһƷɢ޳ܹԸܵԼһ£ַ
ǸݵĶĴ󲿷߽⡣
޳ûмȥ
û뵽޳һӾˣɻ˵ôˣѵˣ
޳ЦЦ˵ûк£㣬ҪСһˣΪʽѾƽİ취ˡ
޳ɫ֪޳Σɫһ䣬ʵΪһţ
޳Цһ˵㲻Ѿ
¶ݲɫ֪ԼȷģֻȻʮ˵ҳƽİ취ʵȴͷĲӬֻŻһ
մ磬ȳŵ㣬ʱ䣬һܹҳİ취
޳˵ʱ򣬹ճڱʹ⣬𿴹ճǸͷͷ㶼Ĺ֮£ֻз
õģһҪһ㣬ҾͳŲסˡ
ŵڵϵĹճǣӽŹճ߷һС֮䣬ͬһӰСȻȲ֮ǰ޳ȴҲѷɫ١
Ҳܸ޳̫ʱ䣬Բܼˣȥɣ
С˳ö׼ճǵ࣬ڹ֮£ճǸû취㿪ۿԼҪɱ֪룬ȴڴ
Ļû˵꣬ǹ㵽ˣź¡һը汻ƷһճǣûлĿܣɹճǲûվڿУµĿź˵л˺㣬ֻѾˡ
йճʹķȴû뵽ԼôһС
ĹճʵҪѷɫܶ࣬˶Ҳܶࡣ޳˵㣬޷ֶ೤ʱˡ
޳ŬԼղսḶ́жľɶڽİ취ȴһûС
ճܹдһôأ
ҲżϾ޳츳֪ģ㲻޳ܹҳԼİ취ʵһ㲢ǲܡ
ճǹʱ䣬Զԣٶճһ㣬߾ȫǣţΪٶͬǿҪӿһ˵ϼѡ
ǣ֮ʱ޳ͻȻˡ
ֻжһһȭ̺֮ȺʹóĻ
תͷ޳Ϊ޳취ߣȴû뵽ȻôԼһЦ˵֮ǰûзƽİ취ֻҲơ
޳ƽվճҪæȴ޳ֹ˵Ѿ˷̫Ϣһ£ǰȽңҪǻϣҹƵʱǰʣµҲˡ
ճҲ֪޳ǲƣΪʵ̫ˣͺԼܹһ㡣
ЩһɫʵǸղҲˣԼŲٵԩ꣬˲ٵЩǿǰɲֵһᣬȻôǿ߶ס޳Ǽ޳Ķ֡
磬޳ɱ𣿡
ɫѿ˵˭Ӯյʼǣ


2019 а
תͷ޳ж޳Ȥ˵޳ΪԼҵĶ𣿡
ǣһûд㣬ڣѾ׼ˡ
޳ʱȫʢʱڵһ룬ЩĻɵøеһЦô̵ʱڣôСΪֱǰΡ
ɵ޳ֵ˲䣬Щȴˡ
Ƕôǿ󣬷ǸС˵ƽʱ֮һˣʮ֮һ硣
޳ɫøѿ޳˵𣿡
޳Ĺ˵ʹ˵˺ˣӰһ¶ܡʱ޳ֻһ˵ľ룬뿴޳޳ϵŲǼٵģɻѵ޳ʲô취
ϸоʼ޳磬ôţ
ɵ޳Ķȴɫ޳û뿪ǰһֱ۵ѾʹóˣȴһŻ棬һϸСĻ棬ȴܵΣ
¡
汬޴ɢ޳һȣ첲ϵ·һı¶ǿļ⣬ϵķҲһڴ벻֮£ϵı˲飬⻹û꣬ճ󣬵ȴľᣬҲû˲ԼͬѡڹճǵҼ򣬱Ͼ˿ڲ̫˺Ҳܹ߽ʵ
˵ļл֮£ļ򷢳һ֨죬ǹͷȻѾˣҲ֪೤ʱûᵽָܣһʱ䲢Ǹеʹֱӷվһڻζı顣
ͷԼѪļбѪʪȭͷЦһЦž޴ɢ޴˲佫޳͹ճǵɣͺгȭͷݺݵػϣҲǵǿ㹻ǿ󣬲ûֱһڵϣһվûˡ
֮ԻôѡͬھķʽΪ̣ôмϼˣ֮ǸûзأԼ׬ġ
Ұɱˡ
ǡ
Լһ޳Ǳȥ
޳ɣ̾˿˵Ҳɱ㣬˭Ȼϼ֣ǿˡ
ڵϣŬָԼʵ޳һԼǸĶԱ˵һٶ֣㲻ǰֳԭΡ
ճ̾ҲǴһͿһʱҺ޳ûнЩ˸ɱˡ
һ˵ʱֻЩˣѵǻụɱ
ǰһЩ߿ɲǰ˭ֻҪǰǱ跨ĨɱⲻǺܳ𣿡
޳ɱ¶˵ǲǰ
תͷ˵ѵ㣿
ʱȻأ˵ƻı䣬Ҫɱ޳Ƚɱˡ
㡭˵ʲô
ߵ˲ĿĲɫ˵ζش󣬲ֻΪʵǿ󣬶һǴĽ̵֮³ãǵĶʦôܹɱԼʦأ
ΡΡ˵ڶ֮ǰ㲻˵𣿡
¶ɫʱףʱ֣Լ·һ硭
һƮ˶ʱ£̺ǿҲ֮ںϣϢٴǿʢһ֡
سȥ˵㶯𣿡
˾ˡ
Ļû˵꣬һشð˵жĻǾͲҪ໰ֲֻ˵ķô󡣡
ϼֻʣһ벻ȻֽԼȻһԼֶϣԼȴٰ۰Ƿ̣̰
¶һ˿ɬЦݣ׼ֵҲ֪˵Щʲô۾һգ׼ӭǵ£ɵ˺ܾãԼȴɻʶ
۾һ޳ǰֻֽмס޳ҪֲסˣճǴһӵվ۳һŻ棬߷æ㿪ǻȴڷһ;ɢһûУ޳͹ճϵЦݣףԭԼǸƭˡ
ٴοǰѾ޳ʧˡ
ǶѸٺˣ˺֮롣
ǵĶЦһ˵ѵΪԼҵĶ֣
޳ֱӣɱӿ˵Щ˿ܲĶ֣Һ͹ճڣͱץסȻ˾Ҫǻ뿪Ϊӻù𣿡
仰ʱɫ
޳ԺʾһָָۣԼĺ˵û⣬ǰ뿪
ʱ޳˼뿪ֻΪ˱Ҳǲֱʵܡ
뿪ʣҲǶ֣ɺһ䣬ʱ޼ƿʩˡ
޳úҴСſң£ҲŹġ
޳ЦЦ˵ǿҿǷǳ־ģˣʵ۱öôǿ󣬶ҵĶ֡
޳һţҲ֪ӦüǺͺ뿪ֱӣѾʩչһ㷴ûУֱӱ֣һ·뿪
޳ɵøеһЦúһַʽɿǺͮͮɫƺǶԼӣǱһŮߵĸеĴԽãͻԽ
Ի޳ĿУȴû¶Ǿÿߡ֮͹ճǶһۣϸֳһ˿Ц˵մ磬ǲӦһˡ
ճŭ壬˵ʲôʱܵԩһжΪԲܷŹ
ˣǸһ˿Ц˵ưɣҪûҿɲǸϺͿڵܹԸңˣڣңһῼǸһʹ졣
޳ϳмȻ˲۷ǿߵʵǿԼΪûʵҲõӦڵʵ޳Ӧ˵ˡ
Ľ£ͻȻɫĹââʧ֮ԼĽϾȻ飬ֻ飬ȴͬɽһأãһܵԼǿϢɫʱòҰףһͷͫײĿ޳˵ǣ
ҪʹǱĥأ
޳һߵǰսꪡǰһɣĶ϶ʱָ󶴣Ѫֱ


2020 
ţԼôǿʵȻ޳򵥵ɱˡ
֪Լʣ࣬ҲҪһǾʲôȻܹһ㷴˼ûУתͷξ޴ıʣгţһޣȻָ֡޳ΡΡ˵ͽͽ
޳һͲɱͬȣԼһһͽճǰ޳˵ɣûжʱ˷ѣ˱͸
޳ŹճǵɫԹճǵ˽⣬ԲԵ޹ʴԼһʲô˵޳սһ죬ò˵ʵǿ󣬴ɢԱȵԼ֮ǰɱޡ
޳յһ㣬ȴͻȻЩЩԩɫɵñѿתͷŹճǣճҲͻȻʶ⣬ɫҪѿжѿ
ѸٱСм˵һࡣ
ճҪñͣ£Ȼһſû˵ʱѾ˯
޳Źճǵӣоǳ֣ʵôˣ
ճǿ޳ʲԼһ飬֪޳˵Ƿʡ޳˵ǹںģƺЩ֡
޳֣ȻܺܺõرǣžȺͻŵʵôˣ
ճǽ֮ǰԼܵʵ˵һ飬޳˵ȻһţҸұ֤Ǵڵģƺͨ
޳ŵϢҲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôã֮ǰ˵źȥҺ֮ʱѾµݲһˡ
ɺǺҼǲʵôЩֵأ
ճҡһ޳˵飬ǲ֪һЩ
ճǺԼһٵʱ䣬һ㣬ڱʵճҲ֪޳ȫΣں飬ҲûбҪŹճǡ
֮󣬹ճǱɫ˵ԭСѾͷѾһٶˣʱٶ㣬ȫۼڣһʱ䣬ҪһֱĻҪﵽľ磡
޳Ц˵մ磬ɱô룬Ժӣ֮ǰһֱæŹ飬ڲϵۻ۷壬۷嶼̫ܻﵽ
ճǵ˵ͷ˵˵ҲԣϾȻһٶ꣬Ҳʮ꣬ôأôȷ̫ܶôǿ󡣡
޳ճ˹ֱ룬ںûմ鷳ˡ
ʵСѸٳǱ߸ȥʱǰһĻȴסˡ
ΧȴܲϢǶ˿޳͹ճǸһϲ
޳ȽϵƿȻźܶ໰˵ɵͱ֮ȴס֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
ô³˭ģ
ճһ߽⿪ϵӣһʵʱȴһڹճǵʻҲӶ˺óʱ䣬Ż˵֮ǰ޳սǸˣƺʼɱҲȡģҲ֪ɱ˶ˣڵΪȻҲࡣ
ֱĿŵ棬˵ҶĶ֡
ôܡ
ճǲ˵۾гŵɫȻ⻹˸еȵģ˶٣˵ûʲôܵģΪһ˴ﵽ־磬Ǹƺμҵˣ֮ǰһġ

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һ£޳סˡ
Ȼеգȴ˰޳Ϊ˲ȻϲԺлӣҲóû׷һŮ˶˵ɱˡ
ճǺǶѣΪˣӦñ޳޳Ҫ֪Ŀ

һ˵ҿˣҵĴСῴ𣿡
˿ź˵Ҹղž˵飬һʱżû˵Ҷ˶죬Ҹҿ϶һˡ
վ㵸˵κｫǸסɱǵģΪҪ޳ԲŻᷢһ·޳ǰǵ
Ȼͳˣ˴һҪԼĵܱܵһҪɱõڸղ뿪ģڻĳطܰɣ
޳͹ճǶһۣӺ˵ĻŵģΪźǺȽϱ˵Ļ滰
֮ǰǹռ˵
ճǱɫ֪˭µˡ
޳ɱʢĹճǣ˵մ磬Ǹô죿
ʱĳ˹ɱԱ߻ĳֻ˽ݱ任һ£Լ⼸˾κҪˡ
Ȼɢǿɱ⣬ȴȺ侲ģ޳˵ʵеǣûҪɱϼұľ޴ѹ
˵ǰ˵ʵܹԸ𣿡
˵ɱֵԣҲȫʢʱڵȻǶ֡
ûֵĿܣӦûһκһʤ˵вҲ֪ɵһӽ۷ǿΪʵӶ١
ֻһ·ˡ
ճǶ޳˵취ĨǵϢ뿪Լָʵõİ취
޳ʵֱӳܾ˵ʱֲ𣿡
ճ̾һ˵ΧûսȻ˽κȴ֪һԸԼðյˣһԼսʤ˶Էʧ̫һѡͣղǰҲ˵ˣ˺ĻȫʢǶ֣οˣ
Ҳ˵ͷ˵˵ûݱܷͷҲһְ취
УĲʣ˵ϼ֮ǰҲнǰѾǼǧǰˣµļֻ˵һԽԽ࣬ʵԽǿȻ֮ʲôû֪
ӻнһóǾƺռĵͼ
һ˽ܻûз򣬿ϼиأûзʱ򣬸ݱѡһҲǸ򡣡
ָָ˵ұһȥģҸıˣҪҪ
޳֪ǶʲôȴойأȻǴӦ


2021 ɯ
Ǹո뿪κ˶Ѿʧгȡ
ôһ޳Ǿսôܣ
κ֮ǰһֱβ޳׼һûѡ֣ںսĹճǺ޳ڶʱڲܹڡ
κ˵޳֣г⣬֮ǰһĻ֪޳ҲһƬռ֮Уȴ֪Ͼ޳
ûʲôɵǶ޳ɾͲͬˡ
κ˵㻹֪أϱ޳νˮ¹ˡгĵ⣬Ȼ֣ȴ໥֮ϵá
𾪣üͷ壬˵ϱ޳˴鷳
κʮˣֻ֪޳ڱдͷȴ֪޳ʵҶҡռҺ鹤ᣬӴޣЩóһͲǵ˵ġκһνӣɵͷ˵֮ǰΪʲôңѵ鷳֮ˣ
˽ֲƾеĻҲֽȻ໥ӣȴԶԷ޿κΡκһЦ˵ڵʵһ޳
޳ʵ˵κտʼţɿԵĺˮпһѵԼô鷳Ŀһ
ҵŸӲ֪ôҲ֪Щʲôе׹ԽԽʢɵôһսκˣ徢ʮ㣬˵ǹѾˣѾ¶ˣµΨһİ취ƣ𣿡
һ˵ǵʵǲСΪǵĶ𣿡
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޵ĵȼԽԽߣ۷壬⼸˵۷ҲֻغϾܽѡ
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ʵ޳·Ѿ˺ܶΣûлش𣬾㺣˵Ҳ֪ʲô顣
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ʱճǺͣ½Ų޳ԶԶֹܵͣˣɵøе棬ͺ첽ȥǿǰһĻʱˣһ޴õӰڿУһɫ˵ϵÿһ綼Ǿ޴޳޴ļһ֪ӣֻû뵽ʵȻǿռֱ޵ǰȴеļ¡
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޳ȥȴס˵Сһ㣬ҸоΧƺЩԾпַܻ
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ǻųûٶȸ졣
ճɫ΢䣬˵޳Сһ㣬ҸоһﲻһѲ
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ףֻ۾¶ڣ׼ȷ˵ֻ¶棬ϳ۾ˣ˫۾תת׼ճǣϳǹһɨǿռŤڳǹԵһ⡣
ΪճѾǰ׼ӶȻ׶ߣҲֱȴû뵽ǳֱӽɣȫûһ赲
ǱҲôһӰʿ߳ûΣҲǴӵ沼һ͸ǽڣĻͿ֪ǸӰʿʲôʱҲǲӳȥ
һһϵ棬¡һش̳УռռΪԼɹ֮ʱȴû뵽ԼĹȫһöûУҲܹش֮Уǹߵĵش͸һתһס˿ȴ벻Χĵشȴת˸򣬴ͷ


2022 
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һģǵشײϣԼµķײ˸ܵĸоҪǱǷ֮УԼѰ·
Ҳֳӣǰһֻ࣬׵΢ǰһһ㣬Ϊϲûвࡣ
һͳԿ޳Ҳû뵽ӰʿȻôǿ˶һۣȻʾ⺣ȶԼ˺רĶԸǡ
޳а̾Ǳ˵ѣȷҪ뽫Щ˸Լܱﵽ۷ľ硣
Ȼֻһ֮ں۷̫Ĳ࣬ﵽ۷֮ʵ˵ûʲôǲࡣ
ˣǲ˵Ķֻһأ
ճǲûһηɫ֮£ճ˷ܣ޳˵޳һԸǰʵԸǸһӦ㹻ˡ
Ȼ˵֮ǰĹӰʿȴͻȻʧһֵĵطǹճǳǹֱӳŹճǵͱȥûһףҲûһ顣ճҲˣٷӦĻҲˡ
޳ֱʹóԼһ˲ճǰճһקԼϵĺսҲ˲ӳ׶Ҳһת۵Ĺ
ǹӰʿ΢΢ƺû뵽ڵ߾ȻʹóôǿǹһתȻսꪺǳǹײһȻâ˫עǿѸɢмγһŰҲϵĺˣǰ򽥽ʼɢ׹⣬·Ѿﵽٽ㡣
մ磬ڡ
ճǲ֪ʱѾ˵׸ߵһȭڿϣʱһײ˱նһ㣬ֳһӵƣȻ֮Уûһ鶼ûС
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ǱѾռϷ磬һСıһĪ壬˲䵹ɳȥճæס˵ǰԸƣͰԸɣ
Ȼ޳͹ճǶܿĶȻҲˣֻǸеʹ죬ԼʵǿҪܵ˵İճǺ͹ӰʿҲ൱иǴܣҲеһ˿ľԼԸԼһֻѾɥȪˡ
ϵƣߵߣҪʰһ˿ڵģֻû˲г뺣֮С
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һڹճߣûȹճǿֹ˹ӰʿĹΧ֮ڡ
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𾪵Ŀź޳˵Ů˾ʲô
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޳֮һźһУǹӰʿͻȻǰӦ˵ͻȻڹӰʿǰַ֣ڹӰʿϣǹӰʿһʹİȻе⽥ʧȫʧҲ˵ȫȥ
޳һĭսʽֱ˵ֱӴ㶼û취㡣޳編ƣҪܵĹӰʿߣɱգʵȶ
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ӰʿǹģҲ֪滹ʲô


2023 յľ
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⿪ŵһΪŵĺʲô˲丽ϣɵǿźƽ֮ʱɵһ¶ʧɫ
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޳һҪŻһ


2024 ˣ
޳ڱ󣬳ǱȥڱʵܹܵڱŨĽŸСĺͺ¡˵ģ֮ǰԱʻеɣΪԼȻСһ·ҲñʲٵİɴŹ˼ɣڣǵ˼ɲĴ
˲󷨣ô󷨸ƿ
޳Ļ¶һ˿Ц˵񾳽ʵ۷ͿԺ۷ǿԲܴﵽ۷ǿ࿹⣬˵һٸҲԸ񾳽ǿߡ
ᴥǽڣ˵޷ƻ󷨣ȴܹ˸Ǻҵˣ޷ӡ֮УҲô
޳Ųһͣʵһ˵ܹ𣿡
ܣ⡣
أѾܹ󷨵ȫò
һ޴֮£һ޴󷨣ʮϢǿܱߣǱȻ֮һҴʱѾһϢ
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ҪУȴ͵һ±ɳȥҫ۹â޴赲űʣñǰһ
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޳üëԼķ컯֪ѲԼǰܿԡ
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Ǿ޴ĻԪؽ֮УԭѾﵽٽ㣬ôǿעУ޳Ȼٶͻơ
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޳оԼһµĲΣеٴηʱ䣬ʱԼƿԪصĸ֪ǿ󣬷·Ԫض
һȣеʱȫͷų𺣣һصƿܿ޳벽Ȼ͵ջأ޳оʢ


2025 ˹
컯
޳鲻Խĸ˳֮ǰſĻԸٶȳ޳£Щĳ֮£޳Է컯򽥽ߣڶֶʱԺ

һֳ޳꣬ЩʽȻǴ򣬻ԶԶ֮ǹӼּʽԺУһõӰڸ޳ʾһУÿһӡ޳ԺУǡ
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࣬㵨Ҵҵѵ㲻֪Լ
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ЦҪһСİǻһģһƢȴҪ𱬶ˡ
޳ɲĶ֣֮ǰ˵ԼȻ򲻹Ƿ컯ԣ
Ǻ嫵޳޳ûж㿪һԼǰһѨ˲䱻޳ս֮С
Ȼŷ컯ĸǿʢĹ֮£ľܲס޳ʹĶͷð亹ʱߴĴССҵֱ롣

޳ѧʹû޳һĶûУ޳¶һ˿ЦݣΪ޴󣬺͹ռҵĻЧ࣬һ󣬲ʹóгĴ֮⣬ûȱ㣬ҲʲôӰ졣
ʲô
оԼǵȫգҪԼҲǸɫзȥ֮ǰٶȺܻûȴѾˡ
ǻ۵¶ֻɫҪҪ
޳Ĳ̣ôˣʣµʧȥ꣬Ĺһȫӿ߻ŵϣӽ񾳵ʱ޳壬޳ǼΪԼﵽ۷ĳ̶ȣɰ֮Уȴʧ٣ȥ򣬻̸δﵽ۷ľ硣
Χһпյģ޳һ˲֪롣
Ϸʱʮը֣ȻȫʧЩ޷׷׵ͷ޳ɳţԼ˶۷ǿޣʵԳưĿ磬վһոմﵽ۷ǿȣһ¶ѿɫһɴһݣֱһϢ³ΪϢܹɱ޳ģˮϵԽһбϢȴǶ޳һôûС
޳˵ֻһѡ
Ĵ֮£޳ڻָʶŬ֪ͺǺһ𣬽һƬռ䡣
ס֡
Щ˵ѵҪҪ֪ûСӣڻǱ֮СѾǴӦˣǧꡣ
ЩȻԱĴη壬ȻڱʵҲ򶥷ѡ
ͻȻ﷢¡
޳ߣ޳˵Ҫ룬뿪Ϊãĸ㣬Ҳܲˣʱǵ㣬ǻẦ㣬𣿡
ǵɫϢ޳ҹ޳ǰ·һõĿռ䣬ĻǺһƬռ֮С
ӦǷ컯γɵĿռ䣬ϵĻϵҲ޷⣬ȴֻ֪кôûл
޳⻰΢һ¡
Ա˵ʾ棬ھȥ
ţ㿴ô
һ޾Ȼ޳ϲûгֳԾɫ¶ЦݣϿҵ˵İɣôһɻѱԵȥ
һЦ˵Ҫһ˵һҲͲôˡ
޳Ļƺй°
ͱɳӡ֮أһ޳ȴ޳ӰӣҲżҪɽȥȴ޳߸һŮ˳߷
󣡡
ʵıϵļʧ˵㲻˵Զҵ˵ҲҪ㣬еĽʵŮЫ
޳֮󣬶ʱЦãû뵽֮ǰȻô˵
ͷ˭㶯ҳߵģһβҲҾĲ޳֤

𣿡
վڱߵģɱöˡ
޳֪֮䲻̫࣬Ϊ˺úõϷһ±ʣڱϣǵı飬ʱñʻðɣڱǰȴֲ÷й۾ݺݵĿ޳һۣ˵֮üʮĲ࣬Ͻ𣿡
ܿϵܵܰɣ
Ҳñţ
޳ͱһۣͬʱ¶Цݡ
߳ȥ·ϣ޳ԼʳΪо˴ηֱԺĿԺСԼɻҲֻܱˡűʣ˵ΪʲôԱӣȴأ
¶һ˿ЦݣʵɫΣ˵ҵǲֻܱϲĳƤҶѡ
Ȼ޳ŷ޳˵Ϊ̫˸˵ȴʼûѧᡣ
ԼɫΣߵһǰ뿪
ڳڣʸڱϣ޳ϡ޳˵Щ˲֪ǵݣǲ֪Ҳã뿪ɣ֮ǰļӦòĶˣպԵټ
ͣ½ŲӻһƬѩһȥ
޳Ӱ߳ȥǼڶѨжѾǵӣƺѾӻþ֮Ѱҵʲôôһʵٶ
޳æ˵޳ȥˣ
޳ָָͨɵת֮ͨѾʧŶˣǸռԶķˡ
޳Ҳ֪ΪʲôӣҲΪǲûҵӡǸ󷨡
ʱĹճʵѾﵽ۷޳տʼƽԽǹ۲޳еľԽ˵Ǵﵽ۷壿
ֻͻƶѣȴԼ޳Ĳˣ֮ǰܻ޳൱޳ʵԶ
ҲһȻûдﵽ۷ЩʧΪ۷ֻһ֮䣬޳໥֮䶼ܸܵԷϴΣհ˭ǿ˭ȷ
ںӣڣΪûзȻЩźɺں


2026 
Լ֮УԺͻȻ޳ĻԼֻǻذɡ
ճǿվ޳ߵķ壬¶һ˿Цݣ˵㲻֪ʧʱ䣬ǽˣֹֻڵ㣬ŮǺټˣ޳Ҫǲúϧֱˡ
ճǻв˼޳¶һ˿Цָ˵ؼĲҸ˵飬ǽκ
޳ĻЩ˷׷׵ͷر͹ճǣһΪ飬ϼұ𣬶ճǻŹռ棬Ȼһ֣ҲŹ
Ȼ޳תƻеģҲͷ󻼣Ǽ˶һۣ˵Ҳ֪ôˣôһƬΧôѰң
˽Ŀ⿴ɫأƺ˼Ű취ڶʱûʲô뷨
ֻһһ֮£ֻ
޳ղűѾ̽⵽ˣЩ˶ǰʮĵطǾȥɣǷ޶뿪Ƭռˡ
޳仰֪ǱڸԼʾձ˵ķȥ˵ߡ
ղŵĴֶβ˺֮⣬˶ˡճȻ֪ԱʵĻȷɡȻ֪˭˵ʵҪɱԼЩ˺ܼ򵥣Ҫ뺦Լô鷳Ҳš
ʮЩ˵Ҳǰʱ䣬˷׷֮Ƭλá
ôôʬ壡
޳һ·ѾʮɵøеľѵЩҲ򲻹
ĳٸ˾ۼһţ·Լ֮⣬κˡȫװһƬյ֮УѲΧ
ûиоϢڿ
ܵˣѵκЩˣ
Ϊ׵ԼңȻԼҲô˭һĳأҪ뿪ҪԼҵ󷨣Ѿʱܹ
ϣڸô죬ֱ뿪
ԼҲˣһľսǲʧȥˡ
ôһռҺͺҿǲԸˡ
ҶʮˣӦ֦ͬǺҵĴС㣬ռҵĹճǻˮ¹ϻûô뿪
˵Ǻ꣬ȻһСҲһ֣һ¡
ߣĸ׵ĶһۣȻԳ˵ʵǴС͹ճǶҪҪǸˣˮ¹ˣһ֪ˮ¹ϱԼҸƲ£ԼҿûаˡҪ֪ˮ¹֮ԽϸɳһǸĿϣˮ¹Ȼһֱûгһˮ¹ŭ㲻֪ǼҲһ
Ȼɻֱ֮вԼûа취뿪
Щ˶ԻҲ֪˭һ䣬޳أ
ʱȺըˣȫ޳˭ǿ󡣵޳ǸǿǿȻǺ˶֣ˡ֮ǰĻЩ˶Ϊ޳Ƚǿ󣬶ڣǿǿǰͬոһ㣬ûзʱпʼ
ڱԵ޳Լɴȥɻʵ˵Ѿ֪ҵݣֻҪսҵһᱩ¶ģɴ״Ϻûժã
ϰɣ˻ûк㶯֣ļȺˡشѾȲҪȥ˸ʬˡ
һȥЩȻǳ𾪣ǻΪϼѾȫءΪ˵ȻǺϼҹϵȽϺõļ壬ЩȫеɢޣǸܵǿʵжʱ˺ܶలȫС
ųֵǺճǺ޳Ȼڵ޳ûбԼݣЩ˿Լϡ
ȻǷ޳ʵȻǴﵽ۷壬ЩͬΪ۷ǿߣȴоԼ޳Ͳһ硣
ˮ¹ϣ
Ȼû뵽һ˾Ȼһ鶼ûУϾ˹ճ֮⣬˸ûжʵЩ޳һŮŵˣϳԹޣϾϲûʵ
Щ֮УϣıǺ꣬źܵӣһҧĸȴ¶ЦݣϾ⿴Һˮ¹Ļһֱڴ·ĬĬŵĺңһٳΪ˶еɵļ塣

Ҷû°ɣ
ЩҵˣֻһѣһҲ㹻úĵˡȻʵı仯Ҳ˺˵ע⣬Щ۷˿֪츳Ƕô£һĳѵ츳ֻˣ
飬ȴǿЦһԼʵԭ˵
Ȼû˵Լȥֻ˵ֵ޶ѣʵϾֵޣ
˵֮£Լ͹ճǵľ˵ֻǽ޳ĳ϶ѡ
ҵɫѿΪһͳЩ˱ϣΪߵˣԼҵĻȨȫˡ
ȻԼҲĻйճǣռҶҺԼһֱԸڿ׬˵ǹռңȻе
ȻѾˣ뿪ɣֻҪԼ뿪˾ʵǿҲû취뿪
Լôˣ
޳ʵԼҵϣǻУƺ˼
Լɫһݣʵ޳˵ϣʲô˼
ûʲô˼ҲԼңֻǶ˲ɵڱݶ֮ǰһȸԼ·Ҫ˲ܹʩչԼͳǵ˰ɣ
ԼϳĬ֮󣬿˵ô֪ģ
޳ЦЦ˵ԼҳǽͷݣһزֻңҲ֪ɣ
仰ʱһЦͿԼҵ̬ȣ޳˵仰鲻Խֽкá
ԼĻΡΡ˵㡭
޳æ˵ϱֻǵ;˵ѣҲһ˵ֵѾˡ
Ҳ˵Ҫ֣˵ѡ񣬺ԼһϵûУ飬Ͳʮˣ
μҵɫ࣬ȻΪԼһΥ֮˸еݡ
˵һŹǻصĿ磬ʵôǿ󣬶ĿôҪɾˣǾǷŻɽǳ˼䡣
ǰְսǴ𣿡
һɱ֣һӣԶĵ˲买һ޴ĵش̣ش棬վһˡ


2027 ÷Ǌ޳ĶԹ
ͬһСɽȻӵǺ嫵𾪣һٴгɵʵ˶ϼҳɵӶҳ֡
ǵشϻһӰûܵ˺Ҳ¶ɫΪԼκʵѾ㹻ѸˣɺȣȻһξ롣û¶־ɫ֪Լʤ㣬ֻҪκܹ֡
û뵽ߵһѵԼֵκϵ𣿡
վǹճǣ֮ǰϵڣԲˡϾɱԼռҵˡ
ߵǰ˵ǰ˾ͽˣҺһʾҪ㡣
Թճǵʵ˽⣬ͷ˵˷̫ʱ䣬ս
仰Ȼ뵽ճǵʵ벻ճǵʵȻܻҪǿرǹռҵЩˣһϲ⡣
ճǵԸ˽⣬˹ĵλռҴǿĺôȻԶڹճǡ
ճǾȻս¶ϲı飬ʶڣһֱǲ£һճɭȴͬճǵʵѾԼ˵ʤԼҵڶοճǣ̵ܶʱ䣬ʵøǿĪ
еģͬ츳ͬΪΪʲôճǻˣԼȴҪһΪֲģڷһκ˵֮󣬲ûѡΣǻͷų˸ɱ
һ˲䣬֮ǰһȫʧ֪ԼˣԼӦˣǣ˭˲أ
ûйĹճǵʵϾڵԶԶһ۷壬ճôôԼĶ֡
ճǿúܸߣȴûнճǷŵһȼ֮ϡʵȴǣճȫ汬סҲѡ
ճȫŻ棬˲УȻ͹ճԶľ룬ȴܸܵڹճϵȡ
ڿУһɫĶƮԹճǵսʽѾ˽⣬ĿӺǿɣǱ֮Ҳƣ·ȴУÿսʱὫ·
δս·֮ǰţڿһĻһ۾¶ȵɫ⻹ƤôڻɽԱߵɢźʯأ
ճǣΪʵܡ
û˵ֻ꣬һ⳯ȥǵǹճǣ۾һУӿµĵشһζ鿪ȻӭӹճǵĹùճǿԼĲ࣬ǡ
ȭͷ͹ճǵȭͷײһΪĽԪؾȻ޷κιճǵķֺǹճϴԵֵ
ʱǻɢģ·޷ǰһУȻʲôӦûУȴһ¡졣
Ǿ޴ĵشں͸֮£ʱ룬Ҳȥ¡һ죬ճվڿУɫС˲ȥ漴¡һϿУռȾһ㣬˶Ϊˣ֮вûȥһ˳
ôܣôܣ
һţǰһзʵݵʧ֮۾Źճǣ˵ǲҲģڼװ£ǵĻЩ˵ʵôô죡
ĻˣҪ˵Ϊɱ޶õʵǿɲţҪʵôǿҪɱޣһƬռ֮УټкܶԴӽ֮ûп޵Ӱӡ
Ȼ֣֮ǰЩгɫߵ鲻Խ
ǲ֮Уջʵ̫̫Ѿ򾳽磬ĽȣпһǧҲ޷һѸĽݾǰҲұ֤Լܰѳֵס˵Ա˵ˡ
һ仰Ⱥٷˣ¶һ˿ɫ·ѾǣԼڱճǹ
ճһ𣬡ҫ족
׸ߵĹճɢž޴һ˫۾ҲɻɫһڿһɫĺۼһȭȥѾ˷һһâ£ԱһɫĺۼǺۼ֮лڵ㣬ߣȴûдϡ
ǿ󣬶ͷˮֱȻ֮ǰѾһУɵȫͬնԣоԼһУɥ
ļµĿŹճǣףΪʲôճҲôѵԼעܺ͹ճȣ
ʱЩĻ䣬֪Լ׷ôʱ䣬ΪʲôƳһȺ֮У¶һ˿Цֻ̾ǹճǣκҲҸ𣿡
ȻʱȺͻȻһƬңЩǿĴɢɢĹл˲ϵٺҲҪӣֻҪЭһԽɱ˵ġ
ҲҪӣκȡ
ȻȻѾΪκȻҲΪֶˣʵκȣֱһһ£ԵκǰʱѾ룬ɫûʧ۾֤ԼΪκһ֣ɫɾ
κһᱡС˾޴вƺܹƳһһ㣬׼ĺ󱳣һ硣
ѾˣҲӦһתܵ˺Ӿ޴ȻʱһȭͷСǰ档
κһû뵽˾ȻԼɵ޳ʱǷЦ޳ôǿ󣬿ԼǰҲ޷ӹСڿʼʱûʹãΪɱﵣ֮ǰûüʹأ
֮ǰ룬սʱʹ᲻ǲ֣ͬлıˡ
޳ԼҵſһΪԼҵҪӲ
ǾԿɣ
޳ȭͷǰһɫӰӣɫӰӾʵһ㡣
κ¶ЦݣѾ˵Լܹſһ޳̫ԸΪԼܹס
ɽһĻȴ߸֪Ϊ޳ĵסˣǸͺɫֱӱ䣬һ㱻۶ϡ
ôܣôܣ
һԾȺ֮УȴΧȺɢһȦ޳档
޳ǰһɣ˵ΪҺɵ𣿡޳Ųм˵û⣬ǽſȭͷϸŵĲǱѹĿ𣿡


2028 
ѹ˵ѣǲ㷢ӳôٶȣѹƳǿȵʵ壬һˣûм
Щ˿޳ǿ󣬾ȻסκĹɵøе𾪣Ǹո̤۷ô˸о۷Ҳûʲô
κûܵ˺¶Цݣһ˿ɫ˵޳ȷΪҼȻûʲô׼˵ʵҾǿˣԲѡڶֵġ
κĻɵøеɻ
޳޳𣿡
κǺЦһȭɣȴԷݶ֪
ȻһЩϸĵȴ֣ʱϺ֮ǰϵϢȫͬʹˮϵɢһϢȻ˺գĳ֮Եúڵ޳ȴͬÿһ綼ɢŰԵζ
رЩ֮ǰ޳սˣκ֮£ǲŷԭ޳ϣϾ޳
ôܣϵϵϵټһˮϵǻһ
ӵʲôӣǶ޳ĳߣȻϣ޳ʵԽǿԽãڴſ޳ʹóϵ˲䡣
޳ϵɴ£Ҳ˿ԼԺڲˣԼݵ˲䣬˲ܵȵϢͬҲܵҪԼ֮صɱû⣬ѾôʱˣԼһ⣬Լָ
޳ͻƵʱһֿƿĸоҲǣָоŨ۾ѲһȦǾЩԼе˲ҪľǳЧԼҺ÷ң޳ǿʵǰҲ޻˵
޳κ˵ںܺڵһҸģҪջء
ջأЦ
˵֮޳߳ˣԼҵĶˣʱʵҲǳֲսЩ֮⣬ֻûǵĶ֣Ƕ˽޳ΧȻҪЩʲô
κ޿ֵ޳ǰ˵֪ܴ󣬲ô˵ģصΪ׼һںúõá
һȣϵʱɢǾ޴˸еɵɵ󷨣˸оͬͭǽڣ涼Ʋ˵ˡ
˫彣󡣡
ԼҳϾȵ˵˫彣Լ֮ҲǺ󷨣Ҫʵ൱˲ʹã󷨶ʹ֮˵ĬҲżߵҪ󣬶ǰ˫̥Ȼ
Լ֪ԼҵĵˣɶͶκг˷ŭ֮⣬ûĸˣӣƺҪȥ˺úʰһ٣ǣκһתͷһɨϵƶʱʧ
أоԼпɬҲ֪ΪʲôԼҸеԼұͶϼӣΪһ˳ϼӵˣһϼӼ̳дҵԼȻҲǼȮ죬Ǿʱ޳ˣһСߵ̬޸޻ӺԼӵս֡
ٺԼ׼ͽ޳ޣϵĲˣ޳ʧˣޱŲ͡
ԼΨһܹ󷨵ļ壬ΪԼЩ˶ݣԼҵĵλߣֻҪԼұԶûгͷʱ
ڣòܹʹ˫󷨵ţȴͶ˵ˡ
̾˿еһγʧɫԼʧ
ϣĺ𣿡
ǵȻ˫ȻԼ˺ʹãȴֻΪ̫Լұ޵֮һɼԼҶӡ
е޳˵˻ɽ˱Ǹ֮⣬˶жʩߡ
˵֮һ֮Уÿһس޳Ǳȥ
Ƕ˿Ŀ޳ʱҪԼϡ
κҲж޳Ǳ߷ȥҪ޳ɱôûһݡ
ǰ޳Σˣְɣ
дſɫȴûд֣ǶԺ˵Ϊ޳ŮˣҪǵһ飬ǱԶˣ۷£ܹ޳ɱ˸ûУ˵ˡ
ɫһ죬˵Ļȫû⣬Ժֻʣ¼֣ǱǡΪ޳Ůˣ
޳ʱΣգȴ鲻Խ¶Цݡ
ûм᷸յĺ۾޳ǳȵ˿أ̾޳ҿ㾿Ŷôǿʵɣ
޳߳һ𻨣ǻ𻨽󣬽޳
ɣϣôѹ֮£Ӧ޷ʹ𣿡
ԼҲĿ࣬˫彣ټڵһĻ͸һˡ૵˵ܣⲻܣ޳ôܹʹôǿѹ֮£һµûˣ
˵ҲûΪ޳ȷûжһ£ֻ֮еĻԪأڿлһʮߡ
ʮɱ
޳ȻӲôУϲͬʱҲ޳ôġ
ʶҲסˣʩչ似ķʽԷ۷ǿߣ޳һոմﵽ۷壬г𾪣˵޳޳㵽ҪҶپȣ
ȵĻɢֱ룬ƿͬʱ޳ϵһԼߣһģ˱ɥȪ
޳۾κΪκףѾʧȥˣһҲκȥһκڣĶܿ죬ΪκҲŷϵͱϵΪ˫ϵߣٶȺ޳Ȼѷɫ٣ɶ˵Ҳǿ쵽㡣
顭
һҵ֮սճǺ߼ˣȫԿÿһζԿǹճռϷ磬Ҳû취ӡ
޳Ҳͣ˿κӣɵöʱеһЦԷǣҲ̫ʺκˣףϵķ޳һٱȫ飬տʼܹ֣ɺֻбķˡ
޳ճһȣ˵޳ס
ӷٳ޳κһߣײȻ󵯷ɣһֱϣʱ޳ٴʩչһն˳ʵУʱɢʬһߡ
ˣ
Ȼ֣ȴһţ˾޳͹ճǸɱˡֱ˵֣ףˣô򵥵޳ϡһʱ䣬ڻԼһ٣Ҳڻ޳ɱ˳ˡ
޳ߵǰ˵ˡ
û


2029 ͻȻ
ص˵ûн㻹һЩûдأ
޳Ļеɻ󣬵ճָ棬Ϊ˸أȷûиκгǡ
Щһſвг̰ɫ޳һĻҲ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôϾҪõʵߵıԣҲȴԲա
޳ϳһһ˦˲֮УںһõһյĻֻʵճǺֵزҪƽ䣬˵ҲǲСջȻʱ޳ţҲ˵޳š
Щ˶޳ηпԼõǹ޳һգʵ۷£ûĶ֣Ҫ뽫̣Ҳܹ⣬޳飬ȴЩһһɫ
ǱĻ˲䱬ըҲֳƬʧƬռ֮С
һЩ˲޳ҲкܶҪ޳˷ѣǿ޳ȴһ仰Ҳ˵
ʱ˿̣һЩΪʲôȶļ¼ˣΪﱩ¶ǵıԣ̰ԣ
ߵ޳ߣ޳˵ڽˣڵʵְҶԸ𣿡
Ȼ
ǣɱ
¶ɱһľе뷨޳֪ڱĻþ֮УһǺɯɱһĻ
Լ˵Ҳˬ죬ֱڵϻ󷨣һĻ٣˷׷Ļ֮УȻĻֵĵطͲһƬռˣɽϣɽɺ֮ǰһûΪ޳ƻɽҲ֮ƻ˷׷׼뿪Ҫͺҵһ޳ˣгĽ˵޳ճǵȻкС㣬пһҪϼң۴½ʲô飬ԶΪѡ
˵仰鲻ԽԼ֮ǰ޳Ϊ޳ɱԼϼ˵֣ɵһЦ
޳ȻҲ飬˵Ҳ㱣֤۷ʲô飬ҾԲϼ˳֣Ժ֮ǰǧҪԩˣ
˫ǿЦ޳Ȼ⣬˫һ𣬼Ȼ˵ټͲ
޳Ժ˵㲻ȥǺǱ𣿡
޳Ļʱɫкᣬڵ˵ôҪ˦ңǲǰ
۾ŬһӣҪ޳Σ޳޹ģԺʲôû
˵ңñġ
ߣ£ĺ
Щ˻ûע⵽ߣɺһĺֳΧ˷׷תͷ޳ͺˣʱ۷׷ףҲ֪˵ЩʲôһЩõĶ
߲ԶܵίȻǵһʱ֣վ޳ǰ˵޳ұôϲ㣬Ȼϧǣ
Ļû˵Ϊ޳۾һɣʱзëһǻѪҲʱʧŵŵĶں󣬶Ժ˵㣬ʲôõģǲϡΪ߸õˡ
õˣɻʵ˭
һ£ܵˡ
޳ס֣˵Ҳảңȥ˵һһȥǣⰢںͰ׵ġ
޳˵֮󣬺ʱס˵Ҫһᾩǣ
޳һͷ˵Ȼˣô֪ϵܣѵҴźȥ㰡
ǳˣɱ޳һͷϽһͰˮ۾ԹĿ޳˵ԭΪ飬ΪĺģҾǿӦɣ
һԿ˵ĹճǣʱеȵԺʱص˺Ҫ˺Σ˶޿ɶ㡣
ߣһؼңһźúἸٳʱżֱӰѺƵˣ⡣
޳ͺȻ֪ճʲô֪Ļһ
֮󣬼ǰǳɭ֣ԹճǶԺ˽⣬ΧǻһΪ˺ֶԸԼˣȻδܺ죬ȴ֪ԼһˣǲԼʧܵˡ
ȥ
ǳɭôҪԼôлҵ
ճ˵ֻҪԭ·УңǵĳҪǵĴö࣬ǸǱ𡣡
ճǿ޳˵аմҪ֪Ѿ벽̤۷壬Щ۷߸һ硣
ճǵʻ޳ЦЦ˵Ϊһûаյ£ȥѡǿ߶սȻҲ֪ʵôǿ󣬿֪Ըһ׾١
֮˸ɫҲ㹻ţϾκ֮ʱԼʮ֮һʵûʹóκ㱻ԼɱҪκ֣ȴû뵽κȻôǶ֣еźͬʱʵҲЩ˽⣬ԸӦúܼ򵥡
ڻȥʱȥһҹùúɯɣ
ճҲ֪ʲô飬ԺɯҲеźΪѵǴ֡Ժ˵Ҫ̫ģѡԼ㣬Ϊ˾Լ㲻Ҳ˵ˣǹЦݵġ
˵ͷ֮طǸĹһ仯ûУ޳͹ճǶһۣӶԷжһ˿ϲɫ
һ£ǻһЩҪȥأ
տʼ⣬ǿ޳͹ճǵ񣬶ʱףƽ·ѾΪ޳ģ˵ɱ
Ȼ
޳͹ճ˲ʧ֮ǾͳʮĿС
޳Թճ˵ǾӦﰡѵǸܵԶˣ
ϾսһĿұӰȭѧˣôҼǰǵһŻĶӰÿǣȴ뿪ɣ
һһû˵꣬о·޴ϢһǺ죬һȻ񣬴ʱһѿӣӦģʵҲϱǿ
һʾ죬֪ʲô취ʵ֮ǰҲСǺ޳ճȣʵȫԺԲơ
Ϊֹ޳͹ճǶԼϢҪϻǵԼ¶ʵͺĻ᲻ҳ
һ֣޳͹ճһǿˣһҿɾԲǻ뿪


2030 
ʵҲ˵仰ֻϧһ
޳˵ʲô඼ǣȻ˼άǰԭͽ˵ıҲ
޳ţ͹ճǶһۣһڹԱ׵ĶǴ̿͹ỹ˹ᣬİ˼һһɽ
޳Ҳѧã֮ǰЩʹùκԶзԡ
ȻΪ޳Щ֮˿Ǳ޳ùǺһ޳ɱʢ
ݵӣһɫ磬޳߳޳ֵֵҫ۵ĵ⣬һָֻ޴ĳɳȥݺײԶɽ֮ϣûյʲô˺Щʯ˵޵棬ֹ֮ͣ󣬷һţͷϣʱɳȥڿӱѹ㣬ȴһ㡣
Щǵʯ֮䣬챾뿴޳ĺϷȴ㱻ɵײһ
ֻŵĿǰˣ΢û뵽ǷֿһµĹ˵ʵȻô
ĺӿͷǿҲɽ֮УǵԼˣֽ
ҪڵǸɿ޳͹ճǵɫѾᶨɱֻԼʲô鶼޷ء̾˿·һشľףԼںҲˣΨһİ취ǽɱˡ
һߣȻ޳һ߷ɣǿûܵ˺
ģԺ˵ʵԸ޳ԱˣӦòʲô⣬޳֮һԸ޳
񲢲֪ճǵŻ˵ֻ쿴ΪԼĹճǣһճٱĻԼǶ¶ԥɫ״˵ѵʵԸ
̾һ˵ǲ֪ճǵʵ޳һѶԸ֮԰ԭ·أȻ鷳ģһб
ô˵ֻʧܵķˣ
Ҳǻһƴ֮ҲҪ޳ȥ汳񿴼е׺⣬˵ͷ
ٴα״̬ʱȴ֮ǰͬõرʵ޳ҲһʱȥĲٿҲǿ˺ܶ࣡
޳ӷɵһߣԼ˺͹ճǶ˷ֿǺҪɹճֻɱԼҲӦҲ
һתβͺݺݵس޳޳ڿзֺδ̧̧־͵Ĺ
𣡡
һʱӿϲϷ⣬еҲǿ޳Ҳ֮¡һ޳˲䱬ɲǼضɫֱɫռݣΪڰ׹֮УûнǺɫӰأǿ˿ʹõʽ
޳ϰŻɫף۷ǹźܴ޳Ȼܹһʹóȴܲһиǿģⳡսսپ
ܵǱ޳ϵǿϢɵи̾ôܣ޳ôʵ˾޴ֻǴΪ۷
еԾʱ򣬹ճȴǰ˵ڻ˼˵飬ԼѾԹ˲Ͼˡ
쿴Ѿʹõα仯Ĺճǣ¶һ˿ϲɫ֪ռҵһжԱ˴жֻҪԼסճǣùճά״̬֮ϣ֮Լͻ᲻սʤ
ǣôܣ
ճһĹǵûбļ󣬷ǱøǿԽǺ͹ճսҲǸеľٺ˹ճǵǾ仰ڵȫԸԵֵճǵĹ˵Ķˡ
ⲻܣ
ʵ
ճǿŵһϢĺ죬ɫƽȴǷǳһĻѾ֪ڴ˶೤ʱˣÿһԺ춼Ǳӣڽˡ
ûɱ˺죬쵱һˡֻ֪ԺҲûὫԼܣǷ漣Ҳ޳ִǿ˵ˡ
޳ǱߣǱߵսҶѾˣ֪ʱ޳ںǰһնΣ񳹵û
޳ŷɹĹճǣʵɱ
ûˡ
޳ƺԤеһĻͷ˵ҲãԺֻѳ򣬹ϲմ硣
ϲմ硣Ҳ֮˵ȻñҲ
ǾͱϲˣǰȥɽҲˣҲʵɱ˵ˣ飬ֻлصˡ
޳ȫ˼һ¾ǣЩЩ˵İΣϼвѾûˣҶߵĺ˵˭ûŪأ
ǵһȥǣοǺ޳һȻǷǳµʱȥǾ޴ĳǳؾǰ޳ס֣˵ôǲǺܼ
У𣿡
ڿҲھ֮УǸ˵ͱøǹ졣
޳ЦһֻԺ˵Թճ˵մ磬ȥ֮ʲô
ȥ˹ᱨƽȻͻعռҡ
޳ͷ˵ʱĻ棬ĻӦҲ
ճҡͷܾ˵޳ֵܵĺˣһطͣʱ䲻̫һطţʵ½ģҹƺܿҾµ񣬲֮ǰһȥġ
ôʱദͻȻҪֱжЩᣬ˵Ļ֮޳ͺ͹ճǳͬķȥ
ӦûһµԺӡ
ΪʲôѵǮû
ǣΪҵԺ̫Сװôˣּһ㣬ҹ˺˯һŴ֮⣬Ҳûطȥˡ
޳Ȼռҵıˡ
ɫһ죬ŭ˵㣬㵽Щǰôǽң
˵·ϼһ·СŮҺİˡ޳һ˵˵֮󣬽һЦ˺óһŷӦʰһ޳ȴǰ޳ֻһӰ޳Ͷˡ
޳޳ҳ
Ĵ󺰣޳ȴӰ˶һϧĿ⿴Լ
һŮΪ޳ˣ޳ҪŮſϰְ
ǣҲ޳޳ĺţµʱ򣬶ҵ޳ôо˺ñߣ


2031 
ԶԶ˵ĶԻǿ˵޳֣Ϊ޳Ϣȴû뵽Щкߣ޳ǵ黨ǲݣΪʲôôﱻ޳
Ȼûǻе˼һеȣ޳е𾪡
һѧˣûĴվԭأװһҪ޳ӣȻȴڰϲ
ҾͲ㻹
ʵ޳ڲԶС̯ǰ棬һóԵĸȥһĻЩҲȥʱȴΧźתתȥЩŻḡȴûбһӡ
Сʲô˵ֻҪǸ
˼ҡ˼ұ۸ˡ
Ϊһüͷӣ˵۸ôһŮֱݣ˵˭۸㣬ǰ㱨𡣡
ˣǴ򲻹ġ
Цҳ
һ߳˵ߣߵΪѾﵽ۷壬Ϊȴȡǹ˵ҿǳ¼ҵˣҺǼݣ·Цұ磬ھ֮г˼崫֮⣬ûҴ򲻹Ͳǵˡ
Ľͷϡ
Ҳܵ޳Ϣ¶һ˿Цݣָ޳Ǳߣ˵
˽ɢ޳Щ棬޳ָԼԺ˵˵𣿡

ʲôʱ۸ˡ
ղţ
¼ү޳ĳ࣬ɵһջ𣬺ͺܶһǾǿ߱ԼƦԼǿˣҲԼ˧ˡ
޳Ȼ仯󣬿ЩҲֻǴӱֳԼԼ޳ӣ޳վǰҲϲ
ǰɻĿ޳оǰˣϵϢȻȴԼΣյĸо
ڴԼүǧԼˣиո꣬ȴ˵󣬰˸ץﴦá
ãһپУҪСһ㣬ʵĺǿ󣬷ҾԶˣҲøҳͷ
һе飬޳һĺһԵ˵ˣȴװһŮģ
źȥ˵Ҫˡ
һΪԼү뿪޳ǰȴû뵽ԼʱһǿϢǿϢԼǰֱϡʱɫ۾ȥûǿߣѵɢϢ˾ǡ
ǰ޳ʱ޳¶Цݣ˵Һͳ·Цʺá
˵꣬ʹ߹ȥˣǳ¼үⰢܹ޳סɿһ㶯ûУʱŭԺЦһԼ޳ǰ뿪ڣȴоǰһǿѹѹ֮£վֱûУֱӵڵϡ
ҪˣղǺ㿪Цġ
ʲôЦҪҸ¡
ôܣ㿴ҸղǸԵˣֻһѡ
ΧҲˣʲô۸Ů˷СһģڹˣԼءȻǶǳ¼ҵˣһھҲЩôܹԼһŮϷˣҪ֣ȴλҪ
޳ûЩˣֱӴźؼҡ
ǳ¼үҲӵվڣ޳ͺѾԶڵߵǰɰ֣ȴԼͰĲһûдڰϣһˡ
ŬԼƽ飬ԼԼǰˣҪһ͡
ΪʲôҪôΪʲôֹЩ˶֡
үǲð
Цг˼ĴˣûǲõǲɵСǳ¼ҵʵ
Щ֮⻹һǲ𡣡
˭¼үһмӣ۾Űǳ鶯ʱ׼
޳
סˡ
˵ʲô
˾޳
һ£¼үŵıʱʧˣ۾ǰˣ˵ȷ޳
ȣͳ·Цүʺأ
ȻȻôܣ
¼үĿͣ漴Ӧ˵Ȼ޳㻹ʲô߱硣
ҲŷӦڳ¼үѵ֮£˲ʧų¼Ҹȥ
֮ǰǶ೤ʱ䣿
Ҳͼ¶ѡ
޳ص⣬Ϊź˺ܾãûҵԼסԺӣǸԺڱһߴΧǽɣǵԼµԺӾѵԼǴˣ
ҡҡͷԼ۷ǿߣô鶼ǲסأ
Ҫȥ鹤ῴһ£Լ˵ĻܹǴߵת鹤ķȴǾ޴ĽѾʧˣԼǰǳɭ֮ǰȷ˵鹤ᱻ·Цɢˣ˵ɢԭΪԼ޳ɵøеһЦԼھǣɢԭôΪԼ
Լķʧ鹤ĽɢֲĸоŨң֪ʱǵĸһܴı仯Ȼô仯ҶһΪԼ룬޳ռһƣ޳ҲܱɱУһܹҵһð취顣
޳ڲ뿼̫࣬ԼոջصǣѵԼȥסջ
޳վ￼Ǻܳʱ䣬ϻغӦõȲˣϾߴԼɺܳʱȥûеȵϢܲϢźתȥִʱվںԶĵطҲΧǽĹ䴦ֱƺкԼȥ
ôҵ֣
޳ıʱ⽫Լָʡȥӣɵøеɻ󡣲תһ룬ϾԼھǺһгԼ֣һ˵ע⡣
޳Ǳȥֱܹץס޳˵֪ʲôطˡ
޳һЦԼҲ֪ʲôطȻ֪޳뷴ɿĵӣƺʲô
żֺЦ˵㲻˵ҺСסô𣿡
ǰôˣ
ҿôΧǽһٸһǧҲװ°ָָΧǽ޳һ㶵ӣ޳Ƶǰţ׵ԺӣȻԼļң
ǰŵ֮ϣȻд޼Ҷ֡
޳֪Ӧ˵ʲôźãѵ⾩ǻһȽǿ޵ˣ޳֪޼һԼңû뵽Լ˼£֮ȻԼļҶҲˡ
ǺܸˣΪĻ޳ûɽԼϳȥˡ


2032 
ԼҶ֪ˣ֮⣬˭޳
һӣǰſţΪԺֻ޳ļѣȴû뵽ŵ۷ǿߣǵĳʣȻ޳˵κһͬһʱ䣬ΪԼҴ˵ط
˿֮󣬿ôƯͬʱ¶һ˿ĽɫûȺԼ˱˵޳İɣܱǸ޳û
ѵ޳ļ𣿡
޳ң޳үںܾ֮ǰͳȥˣһʲôʱԺˡ
ɵøеЦʵһû˵Լݣô֪޳ģ
⻹ò⼸ѾǵڼٸŵŮˣҪ޳ҪǸֻһһüҲֲ㰡
УͽҲҪأ
ӴͦﲻΪ޳𣿡
˭˵ģǺ޳ؼҵġ
Ļ¶һЦõı飬Ƿ׷а̾Сϲ޳òϲ˰ɣʱ޳Ӧûǳɭֻƣô
ǸҪȴһȣһӲԶ߹ǿźĶӣɻѵҲ޳Ŀȷ˿
޳ҲЩ֪룬ⲻԼΪʲôԼҪؼңȴ赲Լ
޳ߵߵʱŸܵԺ󷨣ǿ󣬺;ǵศɣֻ½ڻʹֻû󷨵Ͽɣ˺ѶԺ֣޳Ҳûаա
޳⣬Ҷ¾ôǿ󣬹ƾ۷ǿҲܵסһᡣû뵽һʶģȻԼ
ǿ߸ܵ޳Ϊɵ¶ɫ֮ǰͺ̸ʱȴ֮С
ǵ˭
ǰˣ˵ѵǸʶ޳
ɫһ죬ȻǱ˵ˣǲû˶źǸӾ˵ǵʲôˣΪʲô
޳ǰָ޳Щ˵޳ʲôȻǻؼҰ
ߣ޳ո̤ڣôﵽ۷ʵǾҪ˼ٰ޳Ҳ鷳רҵһòã
޳ͺһЦã˵ԶԼôԼأ
Ҷңһһжˡ
޳˵Ҷ֣ϵľŨ˵Ҷү
ǹŸҲС
ŸүҲǡ
ȥˣ֪ʣ˻ҹ𣿡֮ǰԺܺȴǿźʵݵ޳λСݵ˭𣿡
˵ãһ˵ϵϢɢڵΪ˵ȻСǷ׷״ӺϸܵһľϢɱ⣬ŭŭǶǶǶ˭еŭҲ֪
޳û뵽һ˾֪£ͯŮĽ
޳һЦ˵ģԼʲôϵ
ͺͺͰοʱҲһˣ۷ǿ߱֮ǰĶ˵Ǽð޳
Ȼھʵܵƣܽͷŵ⣬Щɿս޳һѵԼؼ֮ǰҪԼ˶֣
û޳ͣЩ˾ͳ޳Լһӣһսꪳϡ
սڴˣһûдɣҶ˵޳ˣ
޳˵꣬Ⱥ˷׷׼ͺսһķƷȻǷƷɵȼȴͣҲϺŵĲϴɡƾۣжϲսꪵ١
Բۣǰɣ
޳Цһ֪˵ʲôãЩȻɱԼȻҲº֣޳ò¡ڼտĳϣ޳ͺЩ˴
޳ı֮£ûʲô⣬ЩߣʵƽƽȻѾﵽ۷ĵزȴܹù
ҲǶ֣ȥһʶ޳˳
ǰѹȥ˭֪ʲôı
޳Щ˵Ļвɵһ亹ȫҶˣſıտıģЩȻܶԣǿǾȻԼ֣޳лһЩԼԼҾȻҪܵԼ
ûһ˻ȥֱӽսꪸջأЩ˵ھͺǽȥȥ֮һҪһʶ޳ˣһ£ҵǲ޳
Щ˸ܵ޳ŭһе˲Լĵˡһ˶޳˵ȻҪȥǾͺһ˰ɡ
Щ˽޳ͺȻ޽ƳɣֻҪ޳һӾͻᱻŪϣЩ˴ҲֹǣǷƷսʱָ޳ֻҪ޳һҲ̶֮֡
޳УѺŶ֮󣬽һͥԺͥԺ޳еϤΪԼ֮ǰµԺӣ˿ûиı䣬λҲûб䣬ֻűһ߸ߵĴǽѡ
СèС㣡
޳Сè֣ʱ˿ãСèԼĲ֪֤Լˡ
Щ˵Сèʱ޳ͷųĹâɵöСèɵһɰŮ˴ԺһԾ޳Ǵ󷢡
СèС㣬ԳԼ޳ү𣿡
޳ЦһСè˵Сè㣬þò
Сèߵһ΢΢̧ͷ۾ⲻ޳Ͽһɻʵ˵޳ˣ޳ﰡ
Сèһ仰ʱЩͷųһѯʵ㵽˭ʲôĿģ˵
ɤźܴ󣬰СèҲһĿЩˣ˵ûпں޳Ц𣿻޳ɰ󣬽ԼļŽţҲó
޳
Сèһ˵ǶǷ׷޳ģ޳Ӷ֪
Щ˸æ޳ǸȻ£СèǺֱܲ޳ǵ˵޳ˣ
һԿˣ֪˵ʲô֮ǰƺ˵СèǹŸŮΪʲô޳Ĺϵôã
Ů˵ֱеģСèӣŵ˵ôĴζ޳ǲǴŴ̳ӻˣ
ĹͣСèתͷźЦ˵ԴҿǺܰǼװŶ
޳仰һƬƤ
Ժ˭ľ̫ˣǽǱվ˺óʱ䣬ʼղ˰ԺӲˡ
СèЦ˵޼ҿǵ͸ǼҹŸ֪㲻ﱻվſڶЩ˺һЩˡ͸æıƻӸڴҶס


2033 
ص䣬ڵİ軹֮ǰһûжı仯޳Ҳ˿Լ˼£Ͳʽˡ
СèûкԼ˵źԱߣСè۾Ź⣬ôǹſϱӡ
޳ƭôһ绨Ĵò˵۹治һϵһȻѰҵ˵˼Ů
ӴӴСèܱܲôĳŮһศ𣿡
һŮˣֻҪûͻܸˣ١Сè޳һۣ·Թ޳ôôŮġ
Сèźɻ˵ôܵģ
һ˵ϰˡ
СèٺһЦͨСèı飬ףȫһԻϲԩҡûжʣΪ޳ҲóҲƯĵӦò
޳Ժ죬ֳСè֮⣬ûɵøеɻ󣬸ѯʣȴСèſͣԼش˵㲻֪֪ʲô飬ЩһæĲɿĻһġ
޳Щ⣬ҶЩ˷æҲͰˣӺܴǶȥˣ
ӺܴҲ֪ȥʲôط˵ܿͻӦǸҶ޵˵䡣
Ҷޣ
޳һ׺ɫҶ޵ԼȥʹȥһʲôĿġڻǺ˵ʵﵽ۷壬ע⣬һǺʵйأĳࡣ
޳˺һۣԺ˵ӣҪסһʱˡ
Сèվ˵ù뿪ȥ˯ķ䡣СèվҪȥʰ䣬ȴͻȻһ£޳˵ȻҲ֪ҶæЩʲô˵һЩʮλĴӦַʲô顣
޳˵ͷȻСèԼϢ٣ɶԼһ׼ӭӽᷢ顣
ŵûжãһ֣߳ȥȴһԼʶ˳ԺٶȻǳ죬ǷʲôҪ顣֮ǰſŵߣ޳æ˵£޳
ֱֱ壬ĶǸ˵⻹˵һӢˬ޳ү˭ʡ
ƨĵһ죡
޳а̾˵ģһˣʵѾﵽڣüۣ߻һ룬Цթ޳֪ȫڹάԼɿȴɺԼһ
޳ʵŵģʵ˭
޼ҵĹܼҡһ˵òȴǷǳҶүҲ˵Լ
޳֮󣬶ʱоǺЦҶȻϱ˱ԼһΪ飬һǹάԷڶڿԷҶȻԼĹܼңһĵ
޳үĻˣ
޳һΣڣ޳Ϊ㣬Լջ֪ȴû뵽ȻҲǲµġ
޳ɻ󣬸æ˵Ҷүģ˵ˣһţȻĻˡ
޳ȻҶ֪ԼˣɵɻԼҶҲûӦôܹµԼˡ
޳ҲûжôǣȻҶһʲô·Ҳʱ䶼Ȳˣֱ㼣ȥ
ҶǱߵ׳ʲô飿
ǵ˵ɣ޳үһˣȻĻˣ
⸱ģҲװģ޳żתͷСè˵Сèͺǣһʲô飬ȱҪ
СèͷȻҪȺСϺܶ࣬ٲȻһӣ˵İɣڣһµġ
޳˵ͷ˵İɣҲ˶Ҷ͹Ÿֺˡ
޳뿪ȥ֮ŷȥĵطǻʹڣɻʵѵҪȥʹ𣿡
û޳ү֪ʮ˶ۻʹȻԻҲ֪һǳش飬Ҳˮ¹ˡ
ˮ¹
޳һһ̾òôɰɣԼոˮ¹ڣˮ¹˱ˡ¶һ˿ЦݣԼѾЩ˽ˣˮ¹֪Լٰǣ֪ʲô鷳
޳¶һ˿ЦݣЦһ˵޳үⶼʲôʱˣȻЦҶүȻûиʲô飬ɫңҶһԾ޴Σֻȥܹ
˳಻ôǶҶҺҶģϵżɫװģ޳ҶΪʲô˵޼ҵĹܼˡ
ʹǰ޳Ŀ֮ڶνʹ𺳵ĸоǿϢ͸оĸȫ۷ǿߣ޳֮ԸоõΪЩǿ߸ûϢŻʼҵǿ
Щ˵Ĵ֮£Ƕգһطһ޴ķ䣬ʮ˶ۼһȥƺֳɣһҶҡռҺμң⻹һŶңɴŮˣߣɴȻᱡȴʩչһĪ˸û취Ů˵գ޳Ҳһ㶼
Ȼ޳һοɸܵϵȻܹжϳˮ¹ˡ
ȻһߣȻҸһξ룬ƲԼҵĹϵ
ҶǰȻҶ䣬źҶˣŸҲСհĶŮ͹˷ܵĿ޳
Ҷ俴޳Ҳһ˿ȣȻû뵽޳Ļˡ
ЩҲ׷׾ȵĿ޳ǵʵ۹⣬һ۾Ϳ޳ʵѾﵽ۷壬һ¶𾪵ɫ
֮ĶԻҲ޳ĳֶϣȻ⣬ϴЦݣǳĶ޳˵޳ŭʱ򡣡
޸æ˰Ÿ޳׼λǸϯλȴЩΣҲóϯλŵĺ΢Ҳ֪޳ŵȥ˶޳ƺҪ޳Լѡ
ͷҶԱ߰ɡ
޳˵ĻһڣǱԼڶ˶һɫߵ֪һĻ޿֡
޳µʱȴоһĿ⿴Լ˳ĿȥĿ˲ˮ¹ˡ
޳æջأ֮ҶںԶĵطʹҶҵĴ޳˵޳̫ʱˣҶ鷳ΣһҪ취ǰ


2034 Ϯ
޳ͷϾôˣôǿҲ˵ʲô
޳֮󣬲û̻ص⣬Ŀ޳˵޳ʧʱǸʲôȥˣ
ر£ȥǳɭеɽһΣ嶼ȥҲȥմ֡
Ŷ
Ȥ˵˵ɽһõطܹߵʵұΪⶼǼٵģû뵽㻹ȥˡ
ģʵȫǿзҾͲϸ˵ˣʵ̫ˡ
޳ںЩλ̸߽ѾԼ̬һЩڱ˿ԼҲһЩš
޳ĿԼ˭Եĸ嶼ǣǻҺ޼ʥطԼܹ˺Ƥ
Ͼһˣûֻ΢һЦ˵õˣܲΪҾϲõˣ
ߵϼԳԴף˵ʣڲӦ޳飬Ҷҵ顣
ϼһۣûϼԼͨһ㣬޳㿴ϼǰƺǳܳ裬ܵ䣬ڸԼΪЩ顣Ҷһۣû뵽ҶȻҲʧһ졣
ɿһЩ˵ô˵ҶɿޣҪҵжȡȨҪ𣿡
޳˵ĻһɲСɲֻıȨλô𣬻֮߱ЩмҪҶҴӴ˱ϵ
޳ŶЩ˵̬ȣȻһֻӣߣռǾԺҶվһһӹɣҶ͹հϣҶҺ͹ռֻʣˣҲЩ˸еֻţȻҶҲ޳һ޳Ҷͻͽֱѹ塣
ľ֣ش֮仰ֻʱ޳Ҷҡ
޳ô
޳ѯԼæ˵²أʱȥĿܣȻĿ绹Ҫתһ޾ôüλĴ㣬ӦǺ¡
޳֪صĻһɫҶҲϾҶ뿪ôãһ㶼˽⣬Լ˵˶֪
ȻҶ䲢޳˵Ͼ޳վԼߵģĵǣ޳ԵúԼҹϵԽãҶҸΣա

˵仰ǳ·Ц嶼Ǽǰ棬ɳ¼ȴֱӳ·Цǰ棬ĸףһԣһϷӣȻȫų·Ц
·Ц˵Ŀ绹޼ʥ֧ţѵΪµȥ
޳֮ǰɻ·ЦΪʲôԼ·ЦĻ֮ɵøеһ˿Цû뵽·ЦȻԼ˵
Ȼ·ЦԼȱڣ޳ȻҪ˳ų·ЦĻߣ򲻾˷ѳ·ЦĿˡ
Ŀ磬ʲôʱ޼ʥתˣ
˻һȫž
˵Ŀⶼ޳壬гһЩԥƺ֪վλ
޳ĻĬһɲı飬˸޷͸Щʲô
ͻȻ˵ҵǾ޳˵ĲǸҪȥ޼ʥأǺǸ˾ְǲ޼ʥص飬ֻҪҪԴǾУҲӦòǵ顣
˵仰֮ϼɫʱࡣ
£֮⻹һ飬Ҷ˽±¾þòñΣյĴһӦҶҵ
˵Լҵļ£һҧҶҲţƺʮİܹҶҸ⵹
ƺҲ֪üͷ˵֪˵
ǣҶһܾ֮ǰөݣө˻ҵıĹЧΪһЩԭ򣬻ҽөݽҶұܣⱦǻҵġƺԽ˵Խ·ȫȫΪ˻룬һҳģ
Ҷβصı²ܣԽөݸԼĶҶ䣬Ϊֱ˷ָ
üͷһ壬Ҷ˵өݣ
޳ı飬зһ˿ŭƺԹҶөݵļֵ޳ɾөݵԵʣΪ񾳵ǿߡ
飬ŻܹԭҶң顭
Ҷͷʱɫ
ҶôȻң
ر£өұڹؼʱóû뵽
̲ŭ˵û뵽ϵĲȻˣͽөݸԼĶʹã
ң
ҶҶһۣڻΪҶ佫өˣ¶һ˿ЦݣοөݶҶá
ûзǶ˵ҲϣԸһгͷ
Ҷзʧ̾ãҶȷһˣһиеȻҩˣȻӵ
ûҶҸûн·ϣȴûн£ֱ죬ҶҲ죬ˡ
û˵ҶҵСʮһ֮С
Щ˿һᣬæһַҶҡ
неģЩҶҵ϶֣Ҳ˳ô˵˵ɿ֮£Ǳͳŭ˵ҶǶѷϣҸһ͵ĻᣬĽ㣬Ķӡ
ֵǿɱ֮ǰЩҪҶҵҲе죬һөȻֵǣѾָʵôΪөݶôЩ˲⣬޺ϼҲ¶ɻ顣
ţ
޳վҶһۣв֪Ҷ˶ٱ飬ѹҶѡʱȥԼйԭΪһĻ
ϼ޳죬ʣæ˵޳ҲҪעһԼݣڸǰô˷
ֻ·ĲңԼЩˡ
޳˵˵仰ʱڶļǿߣϢ޳ϣҪʩѹ޳ͣǣ޳ڵʵѾﵽ۷壬˵߰˸Щ۷ǿߣһٸȫͷϢ֮£޳Ҳκεĺ£һ˵ǰʯͷԼĽš
Ҳ޳ֱӶ޳˵вң
޳¶һ˿ЦڣȴǰԳԾǲ֪өݵģҶҵЩ˶֪˵Լˡʱ¾Ȼ˵ө֣˵վˣһҶޣһҶ޵ߵĺˡ
̤Ьޣ޳Ѿ¶⣬һҪ˸ڳҶ޺ͺ޴ɲأ


2035 ƻ÷ǻ
޳ĳͷҲеȻ֪޳Ҷϵܺã㿴޳ϣҲɱҶ䣬޳վûнԼѵԼ޳̫ˣ޳ûأ
һ޳˵޳˵Լҷ֪Լϼϰļ壬ػԼҡ㣬ʮСӣʲôʸ˵ǣ
ΪԼ˵¶ЦݣҶ䣬ǳţʱ޳ȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ϼҼֻԼҶҲҲһ£˵·ǺΪөҶ岢ûиҶʹá
ЦөݵԵʣҶǸô򾳽磡
ȻѾ˺Ƥ˿û飬ƺҶ䣬ֱӴŷ֣仰˶ɫҶҶ䣬ǰ˵֣Ǵǵۡ
ãܺã
Ҷվһƽ·ûں˵Ļ۾ֿ£˵壬һôƺ㣬ǿӣǿڵϡúţөҸûʹã㲻Ҫҷ̰ˡ
ҶЩ˵ӡ֮УһֱǫͺԱӣҶôʮ㣬ôǿǻǵһο
ҶһֱŶĳƺţΪֱܹܿ˵˵û뵽Ҳһһɽһɽߣһڵϣʱͨ죬ƿڴ
ûʹөݣʵô򾳽ġ
˵ǺԼйϵǴǳɭɱԼ÷ҺܼҵĻֻֻܵõһŻˡ
޳¶Цݣ˵ڣǵõŻ飬һŸ˹һҸҶʵģ
ļֵȻөݣҲѵһ޳Ȼֱ͸˱ˣг˲졣
֪ģֻ֪޳һŻ飬ȴû뵽ȻûиԼãǸҶ䡣
өأ
өҸˡ
޳˵仰ȫһЦ޳ǲҲɣԱһô׵ɣ
һ㣬·Ц֤Ȼ˵ˣԼҵˡ
±ɫѵ
һԼҺҶ֮սЩ˸У֮ԻվߣȫΪ뿴ԼҹǿԼ޷⡣
ǿǰ޳аԺڣ֮ǰ޳ڱѾôǿΪ޳ڵ۷廹Ҫʮʱ䣬ʱ䲻֪ᷢ飬ǿ޳Q೤ʱ䣬ȴû뵽޳ʧ£֮Ѿﵽ۷壬ڳ˶޳ʵ
ʱ޳ת¼ң¼Ҳվ޳ǱߣԼҿǱذɡ
ֻ·Ц˵ȷܹһκصˣҲֻө亱ҩܹôָ
޳ɵûԼסһĻ˼֮ԽԽ֪ԼֳܱĿǰ·ЦûκԼҲûлָ䡣޳ӡһйϵΪӡʱҲ˵ʱ򣬻ʲô˵ⶼ˷ǳɻʲô
ʲô޳֪һ飬Ǳ˵Ҫөݸһȷѡ
ҶҲû뵽өݾȻʹˣ𵱳ҶөݵӣúʧʱϣӦòֻɺ϶ѡ
ų·Ц·ЦС󣬶ĹĲԼϣӦò˵֮ǰ˵޳֮Ĵţ˵ʵҲǰŰɣȫȷţһ˿ϣ֮⣬˸
⡭
Ҳ֪˵Щʲôû뵽·ЦȻ޳˵ӦǴ޳֮󣬳·Ц͸ıˣ֮ǰżΪ˵仰޳֮ȫվ޳Ǳߵġ
̾˿˵ˣҶұϾĿʮ֮һһѾôʱ䣬ԺҲı䡣ҪıȨλ⼸Ŷʱò˵ǰһ飬ǱǺ޼ʥ顣
޼ʥ
⼸̴޳Ժ֮бը֪ʱҶ͹ŸѾߣ֧֣޳Ҳ΢һЩ
һһŮ޼ʥĻǸһ޳¶һ˿Цȥ۾Ҳ
ǰʱ䣬ҼʮѾȥ֮ǰ޼ʥصԼʮ֮󣬾Ҫ޸޼ʥصСΪޣԼֻʣ°µʱ䣬Ƕú׼һ£ϼŮޣȻܹ̫ںᡣ
ˮ¹˵˵ͷȻˮ¹վһ뿪
뿪֮ԵøΣԷֳһԵ
µԣϷ޺ϼȴһź
ĽһҶ£ߣһǷϼ̾һ۾޳¶Ľɫ
ЦЦ˵ҪΪô˵Ҿͻɾ裬Ҷ޼ʥؿɱﵡ
ɱҲ޳ɳԶĿö࣬ڶʼ־ˣĻΪ޳һҵ³
Ҳɱ㣬Ͼͬһס
Ҳ㱣֤Բɱ㣡
Ϣ֮޳һƬ죬֮ǰȻ޼ʥشڶ棬ȴû뵽Ҫôס
޳û°ɣ
ʻǹŸ裬ŸһģǱò棬޳Ǹֳܵȡ
޳֪Լʲôѡ񣬹ŸһվԼ󡣶Ҷ䣬޳ҪҶ䰲οԼȰԼȴû뵽ҶȻһ仰Ҳ˵޳תͷҶһӡ
УԼոðհҶ䣬ҲҪʾɣ
ڸʲô
ڼ޼ʥսżʤ㣡

޳ȻҶ뷨еȻʵмʤ㰡
㡣
ѺӺܴϡ
ɻ㣬ǡ
޳ȵʵʲô
ܺˮ¹ϵˮ¹ʮ֮Ϊأ˿ֻʮһ壬֮ԺǲͬΪʵ̫СΪǿÿһˮ¹ˣͬÿһʵ۷ǿߡ
Ҹ֪ģʮ۷ǿߣͽˮ¹Դˡ


2036 ߳û
ͽˮ¹⼸˵ɣˮ¹ʲôݣԼҪͽܰͽģ޳һɵӣ޳ߵĹŸȴһ˼ӡ
ҵǾ취ף
޳ҶĿŹŸ裬ֻŸ軺˵޳Ǯ𣿡
仰޳Ҷͬ׺䶥޳Ҷ俴ԼһϷŪɫ޳æ˵
ɱ˵ȻҵıǮĲȴ飬𣡡
ŸǷӦҲˣɫ죬޳˵ʲôǮ˵ĲǸ˼
ҶһЦ˵ҵȻ֪ʲô˼˵޳츳˲Ҫˮ¹һܼ򵥵顣ҶһҪ飬Ǳˮ¹еӡˮ¹ҪΪ޳˵ݽ޳ܾҲͰˣһǿ޳츳޳Լѣȡİ취޳£ǿɾˡ
İ취
罫޳ıǮе޳ˡ
޳Цݽ̣ѾоԼĳһæ˵黹Ժ˵ɣˮ¹Ǳߣһ취ϵġ
վڹſڣһƬɪһҲǴ￴Ǹˣ޳ʵԴ֮Ҷ޳ֹ𣿡
ûУȫûֹ
ҶǵҲ¶ɫ˵ҶҪ֣Ӧûڳ֮ǰǸһ۷ߣҲвϼҺ޼ʥ֣ӦòɵѡǸʱ֡
޳ͷ˵ʱȣҺϣԼܹڶʱڴﵽֵزڿԲܣһһҵжԵҲᰵжֻ֣ǺҶҵĴԽԽΣա
޳˵֮󣬿߶صɫǼҪ̵Ŀ֪ʱ򣬲Ӧ˵Ļ⡣¶Цݣ˵һȥǳɭֿǵõٵıҵʵѾﵽ۷壬۷һµߣһ㲻ҵĶ֡һһŮˣȻƢе㲻ã֮˵Ҳͦ˵ġ
˵֮󣬱ΪҶ͹ŸԾȴû뵽˷ǳƽƺѾ֪һ㡣
޳ԭУһ͵İ
޳֮ǰ޳Ҷ̫רעڸûڹȴĺСè
޳а̾ãȻԼĻѾˣĻҲһǡ
ģǻúһµġ
ܵںǲŰϢҶ͹Ÿ費һսÿ޳һصӡ
ЩǰȻҪһЩһԹŮһվ޳󣬺Сèйͬţǰ˿Ǹܵ޴ѹǲ֪˵Щʲôֻ˵Ҷ䣬ô֪һġ
޳ѾܳʱˣֻһֱûлѡŸոǣûüϢһ£ҶԼͺδ֪һ㡣Ҷ䣬ɻѵԼ뿪֮Ҷֳһµ
Ҷ䲢ûн鹦ԼǴżĽ˵ǳ·ЦȻһߵģǿѾԤ֪ǰ͸ˡ
޳һЦ·Ц֪֮Լ飬һԼ·ǵó¼ҹйءΣççײײһˣȴڲ䣬ҶתΣΪ
˵ɺϣ޳ûߺҶ䣬˵ΣûнֻҪԼҲֻԶð
޳˵仰ʱһɵɫϢ޳ϳ֣Χ˸еһ䣬ûп޳ԴĿ֮ԼҾһֱԼԣﶼûдֱӽԼҸȴҪԼһ档
ֻ֮ⲻھƣȥԼңʵҪҶ޸Ƴɡ
Ҷ¶Цݣ뷨Ȼ޳Լͬˡ
Ҷһ˿˷ܵɫ֮ǰҶܹ֮𣬾޳ˣ޻ϼ޳ĿأݼڣҶʮк͵λȻǽڽʵǣԼҪʱ򹥻ҶңҶҲҧһڣʮ֮
޳صУžһᣬȻ޳ʵԼҵھҲзӶ𣿡
ûпܲ
ûϵΪҵĲ£Ҷޣ
޳ɱȻ֪ȷҾȰҲȰ費סɴͷ޳ȥջصǣȥʱȴ޳ֳĿÿһжΪ̵ӡ
Լǰߣ޳޼ȻɣԼȣδѷɫ̫ˡ
յĹ㳡ֻ޳һˣźսꪣȻܹѹס޳ȴѹƲס޳ɢаóս޳һħվһɺ嫵Ϣȴ鷽Բ׵ķΧ
ԼȻܹܵҲֻԼˣһЩ˿ʼ߻ۣû˸ھͷųôǿϢˡ
ǿǰ֮ʱûʶ˾޳Ͼ޳ڵʵս۷壬Ѿﵽ۷壬ЩȻϲ
ȻҲһʶ޳ģȺеĴ󺰣ҿ쿴˾ս޳
޳޳Ѿ뿪
뿪˲ٻһ˵˾޳ʶƺŻģ·ϣ¼ҵĹӸʰһ١
¼ҹӸ磬ǳȻ𣿡
ϻ˭Լǳ·ЦıܣΪ¼ôõһ壬һ˸ˡ
ǡ޳¼Ҹˣѵᡭ
ǲɵ·ЦʲôˣΪԼıܱ޳ѵһ٣޳ڶ棿Ҿãǵ޳٣һҪǳл޳ıܡ
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ҲҵʲôҿǳȻ߻޳ڳȻǰʱҾԱߣ˵ģ޳˧ˣ
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˭Լǰ
˴ҴԼҳǿֻ޳һ˵ʱ򣬶޳Ȼ۷ΪΪȻûǶ˿޳¶һ˿Ц˵ԭһ֪СӣȻҶԼҳ֣ǲĻòͷˡ
߳Լҵı󷨣Χ˵ǿʲôСҲһȥ
뿴ǿȥɣǿһ£Լҵʲô³
˸ոҪ֮ʱȴѾˣҪѰңͻȻеǰһʹͷһѪȺѪ


2037 ÷Ǌȡ
һ
Ӧ˵ֻһ˲䣬ǿ߱޳¡
֮ǰЩ˻޳ݱлɣɿһĻеĻɶʧˣֻгݣﵽ۷岻˵ӵôǿʵȻ޳֮⣬ûˣ
ЩȻԼҲûгޣȻ޳ĵ˾ǵĵˣŰ˾ˣЩڳԾ֮󣬶ʱһ󻶺
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޳ԼϵϢʱԼҲû˷أȻû뵽޳Ȼ޳ԼϵϢڲʹ½Լңûκ谭
޳ԽԼңЩ˿ɲУǲԼҵ󷨣ǵ޳ɱˣԼҲΪԼҵǾ鷳ˡ
Ժ֮УĳֶʱΪһƬأŸãҲϢˣ֮ǴԶرգһ
޳žվԺмҶޣ¶һ˿ЦݣҶ˵ʦأɣڵʵҵĶ֡
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޳ʶԼļƻƺҶ޵֮Уֻ¾ҶҲˡ
֪Ҷõʲô취Լʵڲ޳Ķ֡޳̾ĴǲӦôҵǰѵ㲻֪Ҫɱ㣬ֻǶֶѡ
ҶҲһ˿Цݣ޳˵δҲ̫ϸ˰ɣ־ͿɱҡҲʵͲƽˡһ޳ƽҲ֪Ǵġ
޳Ҫ֣ȴԼǰĿռ䱻ʮǿϢ룬ΪһСռ䡣ֻҪ޳Ҷ޵ķ΢һ£˲佫޳ݻ١޳ɫҶ˵ԭ׼
ҶЦЦԺӺһЦ໥ͣЦԽԽ޳ͷתȥԼزסĵ֮ɫ·˵û뵽޳Ҳһ졣
ԭԼҼʮӶʮ˵ΪӴѧԣû뵽Ȼ䱾һȥɽҲǼԼˣǳϵĸ첲Ƕõʲô취ӻģ治
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Ҷ޶µĻҲһΣҲҪӣҪһС˵־ӣϾһļ
Ҷ޸ɿһϵЦݽʧһصӡ۾޳Ȼǵˣȴβס޳ͣ˵޳֪ģ֮ȻųޣǴұȽϳԿÿһλʵһ㣬޿ɷϰɣ
޳룬ʵԼŬû̫Ĺϵ޳ûô˵һӣ˵ԼĿʲô
޺ϼ֮սҲӦ֪ڱ³ˣȻҪԱΪλ飬ֻͣҲˣϵôãЩ˵ĺαһ԰ɣ
޳ͷ˵֮
ͬͺáЦһֻ꣬һһֻαװĺ꣬޳ЩУûرΧЩòȻˣЦŸǳԣ棬ȴõ䡣
һҪ֮ĳޣһȵ̸һ̸
޳һЦʮĳζȴ˿⣬Ƥ˸е𾪣˵ʵôǿǲòڣⰡ
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޳ǿҶ޵ϣͶһﶯˡ
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̸ĻǾֱ˵ĿĻܹĴۡ
޳ɲĨǣ۾Ҷޣ˵Щ֮⣬һ֪ҶϼӵĹϵΪϼ𣿡
ЦЦ޳˵ҶֶǴˣΪףû˭Ϊ˭ǶֻΪԼϼλкôҲкôȻһζԸޣζԸҶңζԸİ취ˡ
Ҷ޵ͷ˵濴ǳ޴ĴޣվģĿ糤ڴȥĻǾ֪ѡһȶĿɽ
ҾϼҵĿɽ
ϼֻһӣӴ޼ʥأⲻĿ𣿡
Ҷ޻ﶸȻֹͣ۾Ҷ޳·̴ܹ޳޳оԼһζǸζ˲䣬ñҶ޸׽Ҷ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ȻˣȻǡʦտʼ˵һţˡ
޳ĸеΪѾܵˣҶԼݣ֪ԼĿġ
һ˲䣬޳ɱġ
ЩǱΧǿ߶ʱоһǿ޳ղŻΪϢǴ޳Ϸģɿ޳ɫ糣һЩѿɢǿϢ
޳սǶҪ󷨣ֻдﵽ۷ĳ̶Ȳſԣ޳ԶԶûдﵽֵز
ʦʲôˣ
ҶһЦ˵νˡ
һ仰ٴ޳뵽ǧķڣǧȻȫµ磬ʽ֣ĿʽȽϵһֻҲΪŻʵҪȴǧҪһ
޳Զ϶ҶȻĿˣǸ˵Բô򵥡ѵǸ˾ǵġ
޳ҡͷȻͬԴǧ磬ԵĲͬ
Ҷ޿޳˵Щʲô
룬Ȼں飬Ϊʲôȴ˵ȥһñŵĻҵӰٴҲᱻġ
Ҷ̾һ˵ɱ㣬ԵĻҲԣҶĴǺҲ࣬ǱӦóΪѡ


2038 
ǱӦóΪѡ
仰ֵΪʲô޳еһġҶδҲ̫Լ˰ɣ޳ΪֹΪǵ˱Ҷ䣬ڶǳ·ЦҶޣһɺȨ˰ڲżûжôֻΪ˱Ƚضѣ޳Լܹץס˵ĺβ͡
֮ĶԻȫͷԣʲôˣʲô磬ϳĿ绹б
ɻĿŶˣûв廰Ϊ֪˴ʱڽ棬ȵʱ
ĺһôľ˶ĬʱǲǱıԵ
ֻϧ֮ûˡ
޳ͻȻ¶һ˿ЦݣǾ޴ɱͷųһӰһΣֱײǸ赲ԼҶ޵󷨡󷨲û̱ƻȴҲǱ޳ƻ١
֮壡
޳һȣۣ߱Ǿ޴ıѰ˲˲󷨣󷨵ķɣеԼ˶ܵ˺޳֮ҪȥҶޣҶѾŬ󷨵ʱҶѾˡ
󷨾ǲһڵأʱԵžž޳ϵѹвûʧԽԽ
Ҷ޵Ϣ
޳͵תͷʱҶޱ޳ŵɫ԰ףµĺγĶԱȡһֱڴԼֵһ̣ȻҪ̸ֻͣϼµѣ˵ģЧҵԼԼң
Ҷ޿Ҷ䣬˵㲻˵󷨲۷ƿ𣿡
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ҶϵĴѾ٣֮ǰĴԴ֪֪޳ʵ޳Ǽɵ㣬ֻ޳ҪЩͬԺΪЩҲҼ޳˵顣
ǻŸʲôҽ޳ɱˣ
ºҶǱ߳ԼңҲû뵽ǰȻôˣǴʱЩ˿Ǳ
Ҷ޵ãǾ֮Уʶ˲࣬ȴǽˣͷȺ֮Уﲻס˵ϴˣֻҸطȥˡ
Щ˵עҲûзϣȫԼҵϿա
ԼңһУ;ǵӴʱΪ𾪵һĻˡǵɫĻ֣޴ĻǸǣǻɫĹâУֱӽɫĻᴩƺڻɫ֮е˲ܵ󷨵ĸš
ǿڻɫĻǿϢûһ޳ģвɵһõͷѲĻ֮Уֻмܵ˲ָܻɻܵ󷨵ѹƣ
ȺһңЩȻ߾Ӷ֪࣬󷨶һǿߵж󣬾۷ҲܹųһǵߣʵɾͲ½һˡ
ڰЩԼһվ˳ڣһŻɫĹâǲڰҲᱻ
Ŷʮ۷ǿߣһȫʢ޳޳ǧͣУҲֻǷһ
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ǽ޳ȻС֣ڿתһСմ޳ϡ
СɶǽԪصΪģ˵ܵС󷨵˫ѹƣȴȫʢҲ޷ôصĹ
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ϸĻִܹʱ޳ǾֹԳٵٶ˶ţٶ֮죬Ǻȭٶһ㣬ټϣӰȭõ죬ֻȭͷϻһɫıϣΧҲ
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սꪳϣֳֺսꪵЩԼ˵Σһ֡ϾЩԼȻǽϵɽչ㣬۵ҲĶ֣οڵĶ޳ˡ
ȲҪȫüȥԮ
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ôᣬѵ޳Ҳ߳󷨵ƣΪʲôܹͷų
ЩԼ¶־ɫæӹԼ󷨣Щһ飬һ޳ϣʵԾ޳ҲûףԼܷܲӳʽ
ǣԥڳ֮漴ԼеĻɣ֪ʽԼκսꪣҲͲʹһˡ
̾һǾźսꪵ֣ڲţǹ·Ҳžž죬޳û֣ǽԼΪǿϵעС
ûн⣬Ϊսꪾһ֣ܹѹƵס֮ȴ޷ѹ޳ĿʽǺս͵ػ£¡һһۿɼ˲͸սꪳǲ޳ʹõǱѹĿ޳ӳʱ򣬺սꪺײ¡һ󷨱ЩԼҵߣƣ޳˿û飬Ϊ֪Լڵ״̬΢ͣ٣ᱻκһ˸ɱ


2039 ˽
Ǵ֨һ򿪣˿Ѫ޳ź߳ȻѾˣɱŨһ֮ɫ˸еһ𾪣ȻﲻԼұңһ˳Уһ㣬޳ǿž
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Լ˵Ҷҵ۾޳Щŭ˵ѵ޸Ǹ޼ʥصˣû
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һ˲䣬޳úƺһЩĳˣϣô꣬ȡ

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촽޳һӣǳԡԼʧ֮󣬸æ۾ջͬʱаԼڣδҲ̫˰ɣһһᱻ޳Ц
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۸ߣҶɫĺܳĴ˸ո㺣һЦĿŹŸ裬·ҫԼĹ
ŸһҶȻЩ֮ǻ۵ģеʱĺܸڡ
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Ϊˣ㣬ʵɲڽڣҪǰĻ൱һܣһôûС
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Ҫ֪Ķֿ޼ʥأȻʵȷ޼ʥͬ͵ţ޼ʥǿ֣˵ˣŴ޼ʥصӰ֮гҲŬô꣬ɹ𣿵ڻҪίȫȥ޼ʥ
Ҷ˵ǰԵľȻһһҧɫ֮ȴ˼һ飬޳۾·Ҫ͸޳ܣ˵취ҲȫûУ취һѰһλǿߣڶ˽Զ߸߷ɣ뿪磬ǲܵġ
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Ÿ޳һ˵޳ŲҪŵùǰɡȥʦгɣһλǿһЭ޼ʥҲҪη֣ܲΪǿԡ
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޳ЦԼˣôܵ˵İڲԣ߾һ־˰
Ҷ͹Ÿ迴޳۾һʱף޳һ˰취
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ɫ磬һ߲ͬôҲŽﻹҪôŬرǴɽ֮ʵȻЩɶԼȴǳ׾ˡ
ȷܹʵҪôѰôУһ޽֮ա
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Լ·ֻʣڿ㣬ʱ
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ɫǣ
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ʱĺѾ·ϣ˫ֱǰ˵ɫǾ㰡


2040 ¶
޳һɧŵӣٺһЦ·˿֪ԼĴԺ˵ʲôû˵Ҳûʲô𣡡
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ջһ̣ʱоЩͷһһУ̽޳ƿ
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һ޳ǲǺȥ·˫ֻԼǰȥջԼԼǿûʲôѾ㲻ˣͷȻ˵Լ޳ܡ
Լ·ŪôǰȥҿһˣҲһŮˣе㱾ܷӦǺ
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֪˵ʲôãתһ룬޳лԼҲһŮʲô˼ѵԼĻԣ
Լû޳ڵϷԼȴմմϲ
æ·޳˵˵ʵڿʼ㹲һҵΣˡһҪסԼҪû֮ǰ֣³ǳҡ
޳һΣ⺣Լʲôˡ
߳ȥ⽫ԼϢͷųԼôͷϢᾪŵˣĺĴָ˵Ϣɣˡ
סȻܲϢȴܹˣ˻ʹ֮һҪСģǸץסǿɲܡ
޳Ժ˵ͷȻתʧããҹɫ֮С


2041 ߵ÷Ǌ
ʳǾɭϣ޳ҪУҲҪ뾡һа취ǧ࣬ʹ֮Уݼķ棬ȴһΧӵ۷ʿЩɶ۷ǿߣʮˣټסǵϢӣֻҪһطԣͻᾪеˡ
Щ۷ǿߺһǿ߲ͬǿߣÿһʵ֪ƽ۷ǿ߶١
޳ȻԼѾǿˣҪЩֵĻֻҪʮһ֣޳㲻Ƕ֡
Ǹס֮У棬룬޳ôܹѡ
֪ôźõʱͻȻһ̫ģ˳Ǹ߹ȥжһ̣ϻһһЩġ
Ŀĵס޳а̾ѵǸ͵ģҲ
̫һΪûУϢ΢޳Ǳ󣬳ע⣬͵سָͷһ㣬̫ʱ˹ȥ
޳ܹ֮϶Ǹ̫࣬Ϊϵ·ȫѹˣԼϡ
һİ˵ϣ޳С̫ߣȴתһ룬ǷԼΪãȵ·֮ٷŽڴǡ
޳Լɫɰɫһ㲡̬İףǲһ㡣̤С鲽ȺǰװΩΩФ
ͷ
޳ûС̫Ҳ֪ýαװʲôӡ޳˺ܾãվ˵ֱͷʾһ¡
˵ͷƺЩɻ󣬿޳ڴ¶һߣæס˳ߵ˳˿ıţ˵ԭСưͣסԺɱڹǰ죬ɾͲǱֹ˵ô򵥣ֱӵͷ
޳һϲû뵽ϾȻôɵ飬ԼδҲ̫˰ɣ
У򿪷ӵţʱܵһѹֵϢķȥʱ䣬Ӧ˯ɡɵ뷿֮ȴû
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һ޳Ҳݣȴûס
Լһ飬ȴû뵽ȴҪվһҲʱʹֹͣ
뷨ûеõʵ֣Ϊ̫죬ˣſ۾۾˿ûи˯ʱɣǸ͸۾ֱĿҲ֪ӦηӦֻĿԡ
Ҳԣ㳤úᡣ
˵ʵ
޳еңΪûнԼ׸˵Ҹ˲ٵĺöҪҪ
޳һƭСı飬óʳҲθڣǸռУռζһ޳ȥΧˣһֹģΪ޳ȫǺˡ
Աûˡ
лл
Եͣ޳Ҫְɱһ֣޳ָ
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޳ǿԼ˵⾪ŵЩˣЩѾ޳ͷѵˣһ˲䣬С¥Χˡ
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һѵ⣬Ȼ󹧾ĶԹ˵ܾˣ빫ūһᣬץסļһ
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˰İҵѣԺʱͷǲùܣ𣿡
޳ΪѾָʶôôأɫԼеˣɺ֮ǰһԼɻŵ⣬޳ף֮ԼֻΪԼĶóԡ
Щ໥ӣȻ̾һҲ⣬޳Ȼ޳ǵķͷʧȥһڹǰչԼĻᡣ
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֮ǰƺʶңҲʶ㣬㽫֮Ĺ½һɣ

޳ԼСؤľһ飬ȻԼϵʶһ顣˵϶ֵʱ򰡣ı΢΢仯˵ƺ˵ϡ
޳ȣΪˣȴԴ˷˵ʦ˵ˣڽ졣
ڽ죿

˵ʦ޳Ȼܹ뵽˼ȻʦȻ˽⡣
ʦû˵ϣ
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Ҳǣʦһһ㲻þ޼ʥصˣô֪Լأ
ɡ

޳һһεĽûжôҲûͼӴףɾƽʵȴǳиȾ˯ˡ
޳֪ܿǽĻԼϵʱⲻ˯άԼļ䲻ƬȴȻܡ
޳Ѿܳʱˣʰһ£Źµ뿪ѽôΪһ飬ǾЩ˿޷ùԶԼԣ
޳ô߳ȥЩһ޳Ϊ˵㲻ˣ˵ҪٹƻͻͷΪһöСӣû뵽ȴô£ѵҪҶ֣
Щ˱ǱһˣǱһ޳ЩҲ֪˵Щʲôȴֳܹ
޳Ĭȥ뿪ڲݴкǸС̫໻·ҹɫѸ뿪


2042 
ص޼ңո̤ţ㿴ԼеǵɫûɢΪڵģԵм㲣޳ؿ˵ʲô
ߣҲûУһڻʹ˭Ҷȥ˵Ҷ㰡
˵ĺܾǿ޳кǸжͺصԺӣ˵һ飬˵һʱ˯ˣɵøеһϧο޳˵ôʱ䣬ÿ춼ȥ˵һΣ϶ܹǵڶŮ˾޵ԽԽ
ˣѹأ
޳ҪĺٺһЦҧһֻСһ㣬ҧ޳Ͳſ˵Ĵ֮Уҹȥ
Ҷ俴޳һǳ˵ӣʵʲô飿
ûʲô޳һۺʾ⺣Ҫˣصһۣ˸棬Сèɫø첲һº˵ϣ޳ǲǡ
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ԼĽûôԿ޳˵޳ȫûйϵ
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ЦһΪ޳Ը
޳պܴҶ䲢޳ɣΪ޳ѾûϣˣΨһ飬ǳû뿪ʱ䣬úúദһᡣ
Ҷ֧޳ģ޳û뵽ҶоȻôģΪҶ֧Լأ
ڻʹ֮Уӳ˯۾֮ʱѾһˡŮ˿ʮ꣬ս¶һ˿΢Ц˵˯ô
ܺá
ʲô
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Ծͣ촽ɲƺŵϵıʣԼߣдţİĸ֣еѾȫǵİˣ֪ԼȻдϣ˵˶Լ˵Ҫ
첲ǸŮ˿Ȼ˵ʦʲô˼
ǸŮҲüͷ˵ȥ鿴һ£һᡣ
Ů˳ȥһʵİʲô˼
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ĽͣŮ΢΢üڸУټϻۣ⼸һҲԴͷƻŬǰ飬Ļɲ
һɢϢŵҪ۷壬Ůǰֱҡ
оǰϢʧŹ̧ͷǸŮͲˣ֮ԼܹܵϢΪŮ˵ǿʵϢڵĴϢţͫ˸ſֻš
ʵǷӾܹɱԼ
Ůٴγֵĵط̫๬Ůסĵطڽ֮Уû˷ôģһС̫౻ߣһӣзŹâЩ˶ֹͣһӲƣ𾪵ĿŮˣŮ˽İϸһ飬İ˵ȷûκΪ
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ϻ̳Ͽ˵ʲôԸ˵
Ůӵͷ˵֪𣿡
İ˴빬һλŮģЩһֱûʹ
סȥҹ
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ˮ¹˪΢΢ͷӽ͸Ȼ󳹵ʧ֮˪ǰϲٰ¶Цݣİ˵˵Ҹİ˽컹ǻϲһѱס˪ڰ˪ľ޴ɽ֮䣬˵ʦ
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ҹ޳ٴʱϴһΪǸС̫ᱻɱܻҹҹǸ־ϲ춯һǰȥ˴Σȫ֪Լľٶȫ˱˵ļ֮С
гһ޴õ۾۾κϢۿȷȷʵʵڵģ۾һֱ޳棬޳ԽԽʱ޳ͻȻЩ˴ˡ
޳һѵԼûйȥѾˡ
Щ˲ǳԼ˿ͬʱе󣬻ʹأôᴳˡ
Щֻŵ߹ȥЩȫ޳ӣ޳С
Ǹ۾ҲʧڻʹϷӰ˲ڿлһһףڵ֮ǰֹĺˣɫӰˮ¹ĸ˪
ʱ˪ɫѿܹܵǰ˵ʵҲѾﵽ۷壬һԼ٣żϾ֮⣬һ޳ڣ޳Ǻһ
ҲǷΨһİ취ǽǰ˿һЩֻţΪǰ˵ʵǿ޷֤ܹ
ڻʹ֮У޳üͷһ壬޳˵㡣
޳һģһɫɵÿЦһԭְԼˣ⣬һԽڶΣһֱ˵ѹΪֹ
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޳˼޳Լظһ飬ʼԼĹ£첻ͬøԣȴһֱһµ̬˿ûʶµ˹Լ޳еһ񣬲ǽ¸ˣ½ˣҲ˯ˣֱһģһʧȥ֮⣬޳еһܲ飬о˼Լɺоȴʧˣ


2043 
ڶϣ޳ջȥ㿴ԺһˣҲˣ֮ǰ͹հһعռˣƺʲô鷢ῴ޳һǸ޳һӵ
ҶĿ޳ҲĿŹᣬΪֹô޳Ů˾Ȼ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴСèס֣ϴЦСèʵ˭
ҶŮˣᡣ
֮ǰ޳˵ҶǵʱҶ䲻벻Ҳʵˣû뵽ԼȻֳ֮¿ᣬ޳֮ǰû˵Լ͹ôܰ
޳ҲܲȻڵҶ䣬˵Ҷ㣬Ů˸
Ҷ䶯֣Լ뿪޳˼ЦЦ˵̫ģһˡ
޳ʵô£Ὣԭί˵ԭΪճǣճǺ͹ĹϵܺãճǳΪ֮ǳˣǵ׷֮£ճǽǳɭֵ˵һ顣
ῴź˷ʵǺɣճҲǵôҺԭôÿأ
Ůϲıһ仰˲úΪѣ֮޳еࡣ
ˣ޴磬ճ˵ʱȥһˣһҪ㡣
޳˵ͷ̾˵մҲ̫ˣҴȻô˵ȴǺڴճ͸ԼĶʲô̰úһһʶ޳ӣһ޳
˽ӽʱ޳˹ȥҲҪģȴ޳ֹˣϾ˹֮лһǳϲˡ÷Ǌ
֪һ÷Ǌһֻġ
Ȼ˹֮󣬿ĵһ˱÷Ǌ÷Ǌ߸֮ǰĸԼˡ޳ԼȻ֪޳ˣǵɫѿ໥ŶԷ·òö֡
ȻҪ˲ʹͷϾ޳ڵʵǾҪ޳֣Ҳ޳Ķ֣˵޳Լ˵
÷Ǌ䵭Ķ޳˵ˣճ¥ϣҴȥ
ɶ޳е⣬ȴסˣ޳¥ﵽճǵķ䣬ڼһ仰û˵޳Ž뷿֮ʱͻȻ޳˵ðɡ
ģһúչġ
޳÷Ǌ뿪ıӰоΪ÷Ǌе˿˸У֪ȴɶԺɣȷǳ˾塣
ճǾУ޳Ѿˣ˷ܵĸæȥӭӡ
ϲմ磬ڳΪ˹ռҵĸ
клҹ֮󣬾ͳ׺͹ռҰˣֻô޾Ҳˣ˵ʸҵʵǱ̬һص֮󣬱˵ЩˣСҲҿҡ
˵꣬ЦЦ
һóһӣӴ򿪣澲һ顣
𵤣ǹռȴģ˵ҩԼǿԻϵȶԺͿǳɭֻ֮ʵıǻԣĿҩڻԪϵҲΪΪǿߴû
޳֮ŵҩ󣬹ճҲǻϵߣӦúͻһǻϵеܽⶫڣԹճ˵մ磬ⶫҲҪ˵ҲôҪڵʵѾˡ
ƨҪϣΪǿ߻Ὣⶫ㣬ͱƴˣˡ
ճǰżϵģ޳ֻҪⶫӹŵȹճǳȥԼٽռҾǡ
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ճǿ޳ϵı仯¶Цݣ·˵Ŷ
ճǶ޳˵ҪȥǳɭˣһҲ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬֮ٶѾ۷ǿߣϣǸʱҪס磬ǹռҸˡ
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޳ЦճǸԼĸо˸Уʱ䣬Ҫȥһεʱƺܳ
˵һĻ޳ҲԼļƻ˵˵ԼûлļĻҪȥףǽճǸŵòᣬճǲǸе޳çײǸе˷ܣͬʱź˵ϧҵʵСڱҲŹռҺ˹ᣬܰ㣬ҪڵʵһҲô
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ճǿ޳뿪ȻĽĿ֮УԼĶ˵޳һʮ꣬ڵʵŬѶģɲͣϣѵӦ𣿡
һȺĶ飬Ҳ˹δ
޳棬Ÿ㶫ȥȴһײԼϣഥ˲䣬һĸѹζ֮УֱӱԼϣһͷܿ¶һƬ⣬ԣѹֱϸŷЩԣŮϳ䣬ˮϵҲﵽ۷״̬Ǻ봥űĸоǳ죬ٴοŮˣŮ˵𾪡

ǸŮ۾һԼߣһеĿԼ
ǺܰһĻɵȻ޳֮ɫʱ࣬޳ѹҪкȴоһʶԼ
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ſڵɽϢδģԼ۷ǿ߶̫ѹŮǰ
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ҹɫ޳ûлɵɻ޳ȥˣǺ͹ճǵĻԹճеԸӦͽˣճʱѾʼˣ޳ܲһȥ˰ɡ
С￴˰ˣ޳
֮СèҲԱ˵İɣ޳ȻҪҶ͹ŸͻĶ࣬ɾԲֶԲ飬ӣŮ˼֮󶼺¡


2044 սɯ
ʵȴ෴ڲŮ˿е£ȽϺǰŮˡ
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ӴͬźӯӯһնѣСϸ۰ף޳̲סϿ洫޴ѹá
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޳˵֮󣬻촽·ԼѾˮӡ
ȫαװģѹ֮£޳ĶŮ˴ߣҲʱֳô˵Ϊһˡ
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ھ޷ԼͷԼˣѵԼãˮ¹ܶŮ˱ǰ˪
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Һ°µģɿӣҲˣúŰɣʱú÷ʡһ£ٹҲ޷һ£Ҵ𰸣ҪҪҴ㣡
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ôܣһ۷Ϊļһ˪ҧ촽а롣
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޳еСȻԼǰȻ˵ˣʱð˪Ļɢǿɱ⣬޳ȻҲܵɱ⣬԰˪˵Ϊʲô˵ȥСѵǳԴˣ
㡭
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ߵ޳ǰʱ޳ϵζеһʧ˵úţ
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СèԱ˵ѹ޳˵ʱʲôȥˣΪʲôڲŻ
޳˵˪飬˪ʵôǿҪҲ֪˪飬ʲôݣһԼһȺ˲ڡЦһ˵·Ϊ֣һòŮˣͻؼңȻ͵ˡ
޳ôʱ䣡
Ҷ¶յЦݣŮ˶ˣɫͨ죬ֻкǳ˵Ҷ䣬޳飬ôܿأ
˴ĺҶͻȻоԼذ
޳ߵ㲻ҪǸŮסڱ֮Уû뵽ȻˣһŮ˶Ͷͱ㶼ղ󣬶Ҿǰȴ
˵Ļܴ֮ǰ˶ԺĴȣڶԺĴ󵨶𾪣˶Ժͬ飬ôһŮǰ޳ȴԣȴ͵ԣôģ


2045 
޳Ҳסˣͬһֱϣдд±ƶ֣Цһ˽͵ңûʲô
Щ˽Լ޳˿ڣǰյĺ˵ҴĵģȻ㶯ֶţôƯŮˣôܹҵأ
޳˵仰ʱԻˣСèñӵ޳Ȼ޳Ĺ֪޳һˣ֮Իôһĵ
Ƕ˾վ޳ߣСèο˵԰޳Բˣ˵ֻǿ޳ǸˣҲû˵Ƿʲô顣
ںԺɻıͻȻеһ䣬ͷϵ亹˵ô£ѵڵң
޳ϻ·ģ޳˵ߣҲ뿴ˡ
޳Ƴȥ޳ͷͣȴź¡һˣֻÿЦһŻʹȥ
·ϣ޳Ů˵ڣˮԲݼǿҪô޼ʥصˣҪôˮ¹ˣôƯŮˣ޼ʥҲûС
ˮ¹
޳ϸһ˿Ц⣬֮ǰԼ֪ôˮ¹ϵû뵽ھȻԼһôõĻᡣ
ѾǵˣÿһͬԼȻֻҪסͻԶ˵ˣҪ޳˺֮ʧ䣬ȴɶ޳ӡ
İˣ

ƺ㡭ǲ֮ǰҲǰʲôظһɣ
֮ǰһ޳ǽĹ˵һ飬Ǻ϶ȹһĻĻ·³ǰ޳꣬Ϊ˯ţ۾׼뿪ȴû뵽ȴ۾ԼдĽ۰СָԼ˵˵ģ𣿡
޳˵ͷ˵ֻ㲻ǵ˶ѡ
ˣ㻹𣿡
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ŴͣһǷȻſڵ˯ˡ
뵽ʱ˶޳ģԼһʱ䣬һֱĵʧ뿪
޳ص޼ңͺһк뿪ɲðգǸŮܺʴǳأԼѾ뿪̫ʱˣȥĻɥ
ջֿջ֮һжƽŮϵĺȻûб޳˿æܵ¥ϴŷ￴ȥǸŮɱԼ뿪ӣֱֱڴϣϵĺҲ˺ܶ࣬ƺԶɢ
޳û̽ȥŮѾָʵ͵ԼȥȻԼ֮ء
СĴţ˪˽ż֮£һѪӿ
ˮ¹ĸôܹ裬һ˿ԼǱҲˣû뵽˵ڶ
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ȻΪҵġһè޺Ӽٴȱյ裬뵽ǸԼƨһһ´Լžž֣ǸԼӣڵĶͺ޲޳ɱ
еĺѾﵽһȶ״̬ʱ֮ڣһͨˡӦͨ˶㣬Ϊܶȫһˡ
޳Ҳ˿Ϊô˲ûлָʵĻԼҪЮĳ롣
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޳ЦǰߵѪ˳һ£ͬ󻬣ģǳָС
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˵ôĻʲôɱңҵĻֻ˴ϣô˵һľأ
˪ɫ࣬û뵽޳Ȼ˵ĲҪ
ڣ֪𣿡
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һ˪֮УĶ˵ȻϲеôδЩš
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޳֮кǵ⣬ɰ˪ûǶ޳˵ҴڲӦҵǰӦö𱨡
𰸣޳⣬˵ͷ˵Ŷ
˪ڴϣð˪ţ۲Ű˪ɫȻѾ֪ˣ޳ôовˬ˪һ踺صı飬·һлᣬͻὫ޳ɱһ㣡
һ޳رˬ˵Ȼ֪ˣһӣҾٸһͷͷܼ򵥣㲻ǿڲҾ׬һеıˣֻҪϹҾͳԭ֮ǰ顣
㡭
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вУеĻҲˣһֱ뿪𡣡޳ٴʵлǲУ
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ϡͣԼһ㡰
޳ٺһЦ˪ߣ԰˪˵ҵĺţôôһŮȥأǴģ


2046 ʯ

˪ǰ޴޳Щۻ˿Һ˵ϵĺô£
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˪޳˵ѣиеѵ޳Ǹ˲һģ֮ǰ֮޳Ϊв޳ȥǸҪҩԼһʼǴġ
˪̾˿˵ͱսСͷųѹƺټöֻƳû취ѹƺˡ
޳ɫ¶һ˿죬ʵѵ˵ʵȵҵĺţôܣ
֣ҧÿ֨֨죬޳ƺĲ֪˵飬ôһԼʼ̬ȡ
ҡҡͷ֮޳ԼЩɵˣȻôң֮ǰκ鶼֡
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۾֮ͫлɫ˵Ѫĵǿ󣡡
޳뵽ԼײȻð˪ŷ׼˪أɿǰİ˪Ҳ֪ӦôźãѾһѪι˪ԪЧҲЦһ˵Ǹһ顣
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޳ٴοһЩɾͳ޳Ŀƣ˪һԼϣرԼ޳ζ⿪·һ
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İ˪վڴıԵڲϴµ޳ڲزס𺳡
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һɱ޳ĺûᣬȴԥˣ޳ɵûղŵ顣
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ԼԪظߣʧʱ޳ûзſԼʱ޳Ѿʧȥʶܹܳ޳ȴһͷԪ֮󣬽ԼĺҲȫյ֮С
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޳ΪʲôҪԼðΣҲҪԼرպʱ򣬷޳Ǳʶ¾Ҫô
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ǰһɫˮΣһˮҪ޳δ֣иеһԭԭԼµǸѪģѪİŰɣԲԼðա
ߵһӻһƬ뿪
޳ʱ۾Ҷ͹Ÿˣʱһ˵Ҳô
ҶЦ˵û뵽޳ջǸŮأ
޳һ˿ң·ڵϣȫһոµӡ
˪һûнӴŮ֮µˣҲ𣬱ϾںСʱ͵˸ƹˮ¹֮е´Ȩ˭ǰ˵顣
ƺ˵ŮҪ˯һͻкӣһֻǺ˯һӦò°ɣ
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ǣ֪Ҷ͹Ÿ޳ӱӣһŮֵز޳ȻΪǡ
޴磬ģıһͺ˵ģú֪ǶôҪΪȻŵŮ˶мһˡ
Ҷһ˵ȫ޳ѾɫŹŸ裬ùŸֹҶ䣬ȴֹŸȻֻЦЦûκηӦȻ޳Ҷ
ǣ
˪صУһɴŮӭ˪ʱģһ˿졣
ʦôо֮ǰһ
ôһ
Ҳ˵


2047 ҡڲĺɯ
ƺǱøӺһЩʦǲǷʲôˣ
Ůֻʵشѣȴû뵽˰˪ۣ˪Ͼ޴Ϣ˲ŮϣŮѾﵽ۷壬ȴҲɵһΣֱӹڰ˪ǰ԰˪˵ԲʦӴˣ
ѩĲ㡣
˪ζӳ£޳ָмֺޣԼڰѩ֮ʱһڣԼջأʵѩ˵ǹϵôˡ
ѾеĲ࣬ǳɭֵҲһˣһܹʳϵϢ
ץʱУ˵ǸһţһҪۿ츳Ρ
֪ˡ
˪̧ͷɫʱѾˣǺѹѹһƬȻڰ˪ǿ˵˿޷赲޳͵İ˵·Լϡ
ȻѾ޳壬һҲû©ĵطٴο޳·Ȼӿ˼֡
޳ıǸ޴õ۾޳޲ķ֮УĶԻķӦ֮ǰһ˯һ޳Ĺ¶ᱻǰ˪ȴˣû뵽޳һ֮ˣ£뵽ҵûн޳ɱˡ
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ڰ֮й޳ϢڴСﴫȻ汾ͬ벻˼ؼʡϣ޳ˮ¹ˮ¹ˣ
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˷ܵҶ䣬޳ԱµԵ̾˿˵ʲôҴСϢʲôüġ
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޳һ޳ҲҪȥˮ¹ˣȻ֪ǸŮʲôҲ֪ǸŮ˵֣ɵʵ
ѩļ˰ѩ
죬ôѩ
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޳ںɢѩ޳еѵǸŮˣ
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ŵ˲䣬ɴŮӣĹܼҺͱԺӵ۷ǿһԭأ֪롣
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ŮҶǵߵŮˣû뵽˻ţѹ˵ˮ¹ǰҶ䣬ʲô飬
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ҶȻ֪ôһ죬Ȼ洫޳ˮ¹Ĺϵˮ¹һѰ޳ֻû뵽һô죬ôͻȻûи޳˵ôˮ¹˵һ˵ˮ¹ǿɾǺ±仵ˣ
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Ҷɲ޳ĻӲ޳קȥҲҪ޳ˮ¹棬ôԹĴ٣ѵ޳ҪһԮûУ޼ʥصˣ
޳ɲΪ֮ҶֻðУ޳˵Ҫãˮ¹Ψһ޼ʥصĻᣬ޼ʥصУǶ֣򡣡
޳ֻҪһʱѣϾԼˮ¹飬һٱԼһ
ڳȥǳȥˣȴţһҪǸˣһҪǸˡ
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ٴκˮ¹˵ദ޳ɵЩˮ¹ϵζֻͬһЩ΢ı仯ɾ΢ı仯ȴ׼ȷķֱÿһ˵ݡԾӣٶðѩһ󷴸Уû뵽սȺ۵޳Ȼһḡӡ
˵ˮϵҲһֱˮ¹ӵӶ𣿡޳޷ѩһݣ̾Ȼ
޳ϵǿѹ˷Ϊսأ
Ȳ˵޳Ϊˣ޳ʵѾˮ¹µǱʣٵǰʵԽǿܵӰԽˮ¹ҲҪץԼʵ
վߵѩͬˮһ㣬һӣһȣѩ޳ȥѩ֮У޳ȴʧӰǳԼѩһȻŷǾȻһ龵ӡ
ѵһͿԵסԼĹ
Ѿ޳ڵʵˣϾڽ֮£ܹԪһӣѾԿ֮ߡҪ֣ȴԼѩѾײ˾֮ϣǱӦýĹʱȴûгԤ֮еĻ棬ԼĹȫ뾵֮УȻоԼһǿϢ
ⲻҵĹ
ȻʵЩȷȷʵʵĲѩ裬ȵĿŴӾӺ޳һĲ˼飬似ǴûмԳԼĹһӣһлָƽ޳ã˵ܲ


2048 ֮
޳ʵȷǿˮϵ˿ѷɫϵ޳֮УоһϤĸо
ѵҵĴ
ѩǰ޳Ժи˪ӣҡͷͣ˵֡
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ûʲôֻǾϵ֣ƺ֮ǰһˡ
޳۾һ֪пܴ˿׳ǸŮ˵ݣæʵ˭
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ѩҲһ޷׽ľ޳а̾ѵˮ¹Ů˶һദԼıˮ¹ˣǰȥˮ¹
ŴԶЦ߹Ҷ䣬ֱҪҶɱҶǰ˵
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ˮ¹ͽܰѩ˵ܲţ󲻶٣ˮ¹Ȼ鴫һӶô
޳ԳԾˮ¹ͽܣˮ¹ͽܸеɵˣʲôݣ޳ЦһҲʶԼ˲ǵˡ
Ҷȴںɵ˵ѩ츳Ȼǿ󣬿ɺһȴԶˣһٻʱˮ¹ʹãӦò֪Ĺϵȼˮ¹֮ȥֹ޼ʥأˮ¹˾Բ˶ˮ¹֣Ȼܱ֤ٷ֮û£ȴ̶ܴȵɹļʡ
޳ͷеļֻ޳Լ֪˵ǰԼˣɱԼҲпܣ
ʱʹϷһƮѩǿһԺ֮УƮѩ۳Σ㱨Լ飬ʱȴŰ˪ɫŵĿŶ˵ѵǸôͻָˡ
ǿ֮䣬ǧܹܵԷϢοǸϢѾǱ˾ǡ
˪֪Լǿ󣬲ԷȻĿŵĻصǣҲ̣˰ѩһۣȰѩڣ˵
ѩǰ˪һӣâڰѩߣѩ۾һʵǣ
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˪ԥİѩɫһɫ˵ѩ̫ʴȣˣҪ
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޳棬һһС˻ʱгϲ˲ǱˣǺӺܴǶ˿޳ûиеȣǾȵ޳ʵ̶̼µĹѾﵽ۷塣
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У˭Ҫ˵СèأҪСè
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УģЦҲܿ
ܴôãǰһڣϸ޳ʵһֱƽɫҲм𾪡޳ʵȻѸ٣ɾûаӣǳԶԶһˡ
֮ɫ˲޳ߵĺӣȻûɿ˵ı¾ԼҲ磬Լֲ޳˲š
޳ͼʱܴͺӻˣæܵߣΪ˵ֻкӺܴ֪Լ⸱ģԭ
Ȼܴ֮ʱ𾪵վһ˶ѿڶֳԾƺĪС
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Ҷһ̾ãܴѿɫԼҲᣬ޳޳Ͻվ˫м˵û
޳⣬˵ЩʲôȴܴһЦ˵ҵĲԣС
Сҿһٶˡ
һһٶܴ꣬һ˿⣬ûж˵ʲô޳˵ôôһ첻µزµѾͷǲҸ⿪ԭ򣿡
ܴ㣬Ǳ˵ֻǶ˲ܽ⿪ϵܡ
Сӻǻƨ
ܴЦЦ
ź󣬻˵Ҷ˼죬ʵǿӦôﵽ۷ĵزҪʵͷųô򵥵顣
ܴܹ⿪Լ֮գʱ˷ʵ֪ұԭʲô𣿡
֪Ҳܸ㣬㸸Ҳֻ֪ҪǵĴڸ㸸ףȻࡣ
޳֪ܴͺӶˣʹǧ硢ĿһһߵȵĽλȽ֮£Ҫ滹Ҫһ
ȻܴԺķӦ˾޴Ѳɺˡ
תһ룬޳Լ²⣬ϾǺεŮһԲȻǺεŮһĿˡ
һɵ㣬ǱǺӴͷβڹ򶨣һ仰Ҳ˵ⲢǺӵԸ
Σ֪ϵܣһĹϵһ˲䣬޳оȻʼԼʧȥ
Ҳ˼˿޳Զ˵˵ͷ˵ллպһѯʸ׵ġ
ʱͻȻ˵ˣȫ磬˵Ȱÿһ㣬ڿʱȣҪǵˡ
ܴźӣ˵
˵ʲô


2049 ֻ·
ܴʱǸȥˣ
޳æתƻѯʵ
ǸѾȷˣʵǿַǳƻҺͺĶ֣ȻҲɱǣڼԶĵط˦ˣڲŻ
־ȻǸ˵Ķ֣Ǻ˾һʲô
޳һķ޼ʥԼû취ˣټǸˡ
ͻȻһܴͺɱ˵ˣ֪и˿ԱȺ˸ǿǸ˱ǰ˪
޳֮ǰŰ˪ǰǺлԼòһ
Щ˰úã޳ȥѰҰѩո߳޼ҵĴţܵһɾ޴Ϣ޳Ӧ㱻ץˡ
޳ͷһǸˣʱĺΪƺܵǳصơ޳ҪѲѣֻҪ֪Լʲô顣
һֱ׷ϢȴһδαϷˣİѩܵ˵ϢȻǽ׷ᡣ
һǰһ󣬳˾ǣ棬ȻϢ޳ܵİѩа̾ǵȫѹ
ɶ񣡡
ͻȻͣŭһͷŰѩ˵СƤôϲңһֱϷŹ𣿡
ɱġ
˽Ϣͷų޳ɿ޳˵޳ҵһٴȽѾͷɱˡ
˵ɱ֮΢΢ͣ٣޳˵ϲѾͷϲĻҿ԰׽á
޳룬˵ܻ׽Ļûǻ׽ɣ
ϾҲһһѩĴ򲻹ˣΪԼһ仰˰ѩһӦ÷ǳмڡѩϳɱ⣬޳ɱ⡣
޳ɵЦЦѩСɶȴ֮ǰǸˮ¹Ҫö֮࣬ǰΪˮ¹ŮӶһأ
ƺ´½Ц˵ԭ޳ֵܺڣȻҪϸȻҪɡ
һٶȼ죬һ˲ѩǰһȣֻѪߣпͷװΣһȵһɮˡȻѩѩ˲һƬѩѩˣת֮䣬˱㱻ˣͷϵɴҲȻһУ׺ݣһûкеʴӣҲѹֻ·Լڵ
޳ûмˣȴ𵱳Ĳ֮пһ飬ΪͽУ˼ơ
У
û뵽Ȼ֪ҵݡдЦ˵ҪԺ˵ȽŮ˸¡
ѩ˵ĶԻһŵĿ⿴޳˵û뵽Ȼһġ
ȻҺ޳ֵܿͬһطСƤ㣬Ҵ˴ģС׷ӵԺһҪȥˮ¹ˮ¹һѶˣʱЩŮ˶ǵūҺ޳һһ룬Ǳŷźǡ
޳У֪дţѾˣȴɸҿڳԡ
뵽ˣ޳ɵЦЦЦΪԼڷһԼӿˣҲΪ˵Լе뷨ʲôˮ¹Ůȴڳһһȵӡ
޳Ůˣˮ¹һһȵӡ֮ǰǸԼ¹ŮҲãȫԼ뷨ӵİѩҲãҪݻЩŮ˵ġ
޳Цѩ͹еע⣬ͬʱ޳ϽɢǿϢһ˿ڴ޳ϣȻһ˿治ϵ޳ת޳ϸȼ
޳ֵܣǣ
ûʲôȻ磬Ҫվһ෴ȻŮ˵⣬ҵĵˡ
޳ʶôҪǧ꣬ΪԼèĹҵĶ֣
ǾԿɣ
޳һߣϵĻʱǿʢǻ۳һ޴ĻŹгȥźХ֮嵽еǰɹȫΪһߣͬһֹͣǰ޷ǰ֡
ֹ޷˺ҵġ
֣һ󣬿ƺ۳һε֣˲䱻飬ꡣ
Ȼһʧ޳Ҳˡ
һ£۷ǿߣˣʵҲ൱ͨ۷ǿߣ޳۷壬ôܹԼʶ
ǰ޳ʧˡ
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޳ϸֳһ˿Цݣ˭˵۷۷ľԽģ͸˿ʲôŽǿ
͵һȭȥȻ۷ǿ߷ˣ޳Ĺǿ󣬿һıըֱӳŰѩȥ
ѩ޳˼Ȼ֪޳Ϊʲôᶯ֣޳վߵġһѩ߳ڿУΧĿռȫ飬ͬѨһȷѨǿĶࡣɫһ䣬ɵӶȻʧһ˲ֵĵطѾԽѩˡ
ɶɱ㣬Խͷ֮ޡ
޳ܹܵʵĲ࣬Ѿʲô飬ڹӻ֮һ֮ǰǸŮ˴һܣ˶ˣԼİǸŮѾָȫʵǻҪܶࡣ
ѩӶʱѩڿзɢٴγֵʱǹеѾһѳֱӳŹȥǹжÿ죬ֻһȻѾ϶һѪڣͲǿʵٴμͣʱ޳ͰѩѾ˺Χ֮ƣҪЦһ޳˵ϴμʱʵôСû뵽ô̵ʱ䣬Ȼﵽ˵زһţҶ硣
ɿ佱
޴ƽټ٣ȥĽЩ츳ûʵţҲĽ㣬Ϊøʱ򡣡
ѩƽٶ֣ɵüͷ
ƽ٣˵ʲôƽ٣
Ȼǡ
ɣѩһӳǿĽƲ񷣬һûлйУǱһ㣬ǹһĪ֮£ظıŷ򣬾ǳ޳Ǳȥ
޳Ҳɫ۷ȫһΪܵס
¡һзһ죬ѩŵĳǱȥʱȴߣЦ˵ʱ㻹˼Ҹɣʲôƽ٣Ҹ֪Ǻˮ¹ǸŮսʱ˵ģˮ¹ƺܿ飬ֻҪҽ˵һңڿ֮ǰĶǶĶˣֻϧǿ޳ôһţͱɱˣϧϧ
㣡
ѩû뵽һжƭ֣Ҫɱ˹УȴԼĸ첲һʹǸȥһͷͻȻ˳ĸ첲ҧһڣ


2050 Ӱȭ
㣡
Ҳ֪ѩ̫̫ɰأӦ˵̫ɵĵˣȻڵ˵ʱɾ衣
кٺһЦ˵֮ǰǸŮҲһУǿʵȻû⣬ȴǱɡ
ѩ޵ɫ¶ŭ飬ŹУҧг˵Ϊ㶾ҩɱ𣿡
ϵ·ɪɪ죬ǰ۳ƬѩСڿпӨ͸ƬѩڹϣȻ˲˳ȥ
ǣ
бɫΪѩȻܹԶ׷Լǰѩƣ׷֮£Ҳûа취㿪֮Ѿ˼Ѫ
ѩմȾѪ֮ʧƬѩҲˡ
ڣӦռϷ˰ɣ
ǣ
ɻ˵ֻаѩһΪʲôҪʡ
޳
ôѵﻹ𣿡
͵תͷ޳վԼǰг𾪣˵ôܣôܣ㲻Ѿ
һȷǿ󣬲ȴɱҡ
޳ϸŻ棬ǿʵٴһ㣬𾪵Ŀ޳гŵɫʵ޳ǵûʵҲû½
ŴͣҪ˵Щʲôȴʼն˵˺۵ȫʢ޳սûʤ㡣
̾˿ʮΪϼƣһ˦Ӷʱʧ
޳ȥѩƣѩȴֵĿ޳˵㲻Ҫ
޳а̾ôˣԼֻǹȥƶѣȻôԴԼǺĵ¿ηΡ޳ˣ˽ֹôƫҪһһѩߡ
ɫǣ
ѩ޳Ѫ˵һȥ
ˮ¹Ӷˮԣϵ·Լģ޳ϵĻԪúˮԪˣǰ˪ӽ޳ʱһѩϵ·Ҳ˲ʧˮ¹Ӷûбõ·ϾֻҪ·
޳Լõ·óϡ
ѩüߵ˵ζöģ
޳һˮ¹˶ôһĸϻҲѹֽˮ¹֮Ů˶ޣԭҲˣ
Զһ㡣
ѩ˵仰һѪһڣ֮ǰϢҲʧ޳ά״̬Լ£ץסԼƺɪɪʵôˣ
ܹ׷Ϣ𣿡
޳֪ѩһܹ׷ٹеϢҲһֱԼ͹С
ѩ˵ͷü˵յˣΧֻڼ֮ڡѾôãͳ˷Χ
ңԲô׵뿪
ѩɻĿ޳Ȼ޳ո׬Լıˣ˵ĻҪƭԼ
Ѿѹסˣͷųһƽˣû취صʹ㷢ģһҪͻػʹвҪҵע⡣
㣡
޳Ĵɫͨ죬ƺѾƲסԼˡѩһȻȽɵȴҲףԼڶ޳˵зûû޳ʱԶԼֶţԼģֻƽ顣
ȴڰԸ̣˹Ȼᣬˮ¹á
ʶͷų֮Ȼ֣вû뿪ڼ֮⿴ߵ
޳޳ô֪Լ˼ӵģ޳˵һȻ޳һɵУԹк㻹뿪ѵҪ𣿡
޳͵۳һ޴Ľޣ޴һХǱ߳ȥǽ޻ûеǱߵɽͷǹбѾǱˡ
޳ʵѩ˵ôˣ
Ѿ뿪ˡ
ѩʵǰ޳˵Ϊʲô㲻׷ȥˣ۷ʵҲȲ㣬ȫ԰ι㡭ʲô
޳һͷ£ڰѩĻͷֱڰѩɽм䣬˯ȥѩŷ޳ʱһûˣȫһˡ
֮ǰӲŵģ
Ȼ޳ûлش𣬿ǰѩѾˡ֮ǰеɻΪʲôһ۷ǿܵԼĹ
Ҫ޳ƿո޳壬·˲䱻ȾѪɫѪڲϵʡ
ٶȣò˶೤ʱ䣬޳ϵѪɣһ۷ǿ˵ôѪһûУǱɡ
ѩѾԵˣͣ¶ᶨɫ⿪޳·Ȼ¶ѣȴѾ˫ֲɫѪ졣ûԼһ˵·
Լ·˺ɳ޳ֹܹסѪЧǶôá
ƯҲܱ׾

޳ϣ޳Ҳ֪ǲЧˣ޳ϵƿʼָӸտʼĻȻԽԽ죬Ѿܵôص˺޳ʱ֮ھȻȫָˡ
һɱ˵ʲôǿ壬û޳˵漣
֮޳ոѹĵһ۱㿴һѪڣѩ׵ɫѪ۾Ů˿Լ֮ǰѩǴɴϵﱻ˲ֻ˵ÿ壬ûע⵽͵ؿȥڣһ־޵ĸо
ˡ
ѩһҪվչ޳ȴԼ²壬΢һǻζ·й¶⡣޳ҲԣԼĸȻҪյ£ͣˮ¹Ȼ̬һһƯ
޳һֲ²⣬ˮ¹ǲֻҪŮȻЩŮ˺Ŀأ
ЦЦԼЦԼĺ˼룬Ϊ׼ĻôӦüˮ¹Ӧ
ѩ޳һɫеӿԼɫʱ޳˯ŵðѩżֺøУɵ޳ѹ֮󣬶ʱøȫޡ
ٸһ·
һᣬȻָʵ
ѩ޳Ȼ˵һᣬ޳ڵȱټ޳۷ٶȣһʱ䶼ָܻʵ
̾˿˵һˣʮҲҪȣȫޣҲлȥֻҪϼµʱ䣬ͼµʱȣһʱǺõˡ
޳ʵ޳ʼ֮ʱΧۼ޳ϿѾγһۿɼƣϵˮϵϵڻһ𣬳һᱬ޳ȴ߲ܣȫս֮У
ôܣ
ѩ޳˵𣿡


2051 
û೤ʱ䣬޳ʵѾָһ֣벻õĹٻߵŮˣȡһ·˵ĶҺһֱβܣǻʹǣ
ȰҴػʹѩ·֮ǰ޳͵ɵ޳˼Լ֮ȴĪе֡
޳ʱֻһ飬Ǳǵ˻ʹ֮󣬻᲻֮ǰǸŮˡ
ȥ·ϣ޳̲ס˼⡣
ˮ¹֮Ϊʲôסڻʹ֮УǺϼʲôϵ𣿡
޿ɷ档
ϵĶô죬ʵԶˣϵĶҲΪ˭ô
޿ɷ档
˵ܹˮ¹ϵ˰ɣ޿ɷ޿ɷʲô˼
޿ɷ棡
ѩ죬һ˱Ѿίˣû뵽˻˱ԣԼһֱ˵ͣԼϱѣʱһԼ
ǡ
Ҫ˵һҾɱ㡣
޳æͣû뵽ŮƢġ뾩ǣ޳Űѩȥ޼ңϾ޼ҵŮҲ٣·ǱȽϰ·Ӧóĵϰѩ
·ǰѩҪģ֪ԼҪӳڰ˪ǰԼһᱻ޳˵Ҫȥ޼ҵʱ򣬰ѩҲǹϾܾôܣ޼ôˣҪǿԼ޳ȥǺܿǶ֪ˡ
Ҫȥ޼ң
޳£Ȼʵûˣȴܹֻҹ䣬ɧҵġ
ƯС椣СӣŮˣ
һӸ翴޳һŰӣ˵Ϊ߱ڵΪ򾳶ûдﵽȻʮˣʮ˶㲻ϣ޳Ȼû
ߵɫͨİѩǰŰѩļ򣬶˵ûǸŮˣע⣬СԼôĶ֪
˱ɫҪ֣ȴһĶ˵ʲôǸ˵˽˵ɫҲˣ޳˵ܰɣ޳
޳üݱϳͲˡϵɱʱͷų˵
ǣҹ
޳뿪û뵽ҲʵڣȻڵϹһֱԶȥ
Ƕôĳѩ̾˿ԽԽ޳ܷˮ¹ˣҲһټţȴһĻƽϡ
޳ٺһЦ԰ѩ˵Ҹһɣòһɧ㡣
ѩȴΧЩ˵Ŀ⣬һԼͼֻͷڸʽĵ֮У·ʽۻңɫԼŪ·ֻбȽصɫ
޳˫ĿŹӣҲҶ˵ĻĲ󣬴Žˮ¹ʱͺС棬ЩȴЩһһûһĳѷ
һʼ֣ɺָûעԼ󵨷ѡ·żʵ޳ôǼô
ι˵ѩǰѵʲô𣿡
ѩһ£ɫѸٱ죬֧֧˵ȻҵȻ֪
ѡһ·ȥ·֮˸һ֣·еˣ˳е·˵ͷ԰ѩ˵
ʵϣѩκŮװǳ
ѩɫβûˣ˵ǿȥɣʦôʱûлȥĻһġ
Ӧǵ޳ŰѩӣǿƺڰѩԼʦᵣԼֻںԼô
ֻһѣ޳֪ѩʦ֮Ĺϵ
ǳԼʦ־ηԼʦɲʲôƲ硣
޳Űѩʹǰ棬ʹҪסɰѩԼˮ¹ݣЩ˷׷׺ˣϳ𾪵顣
𾪰ѩûдɴڰѩ߸޳
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УʹʦĿ췶Χڣҽһע⵽ˣҪǱӴһһ
һѵ㣿
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޳һǱһ¾ҪɱԼôܣ
ˮ¹Ը񶼷ǳŤ޳ɲԼðգֻøѩǱƶ
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ʦǸ˾ͽܣûжͽʲôֵľٶ
˵仰ѩɫһ죬޳һͷԼĳȻʶԼȴѵġΪ޳ֻѡ
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˪ˣоѩܱǸƻ΢΢ü԰ѩ˵Ӧ֪ˮ¹˲׼Ů֮ɣ
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˪̾˿Űѩ΢΢ҡͷ˵ǸղߵǸ˰ɣһûвϢû뵽һˡӦûжôǿʵѩҪĶǿǺԼҲ
ˮ¹ܣֻйͳϲ֪ϾŮ֮һ㣬һǵȷΪ飬һˮ¹ܡ
ѩûлڸĵӣɵ̾˿˵ˣȻ²֣Ҿ㡣
ʦңҲһ㡣
һ㣿
˵ϣѾݣ㱨Ҹ˳ȥǸҲ֣һԸˡ
һ仰û˵˪ü˵һ֣ûнǸ˸£Ǻñ¡
ʦͽ֤ûŮ֮飬ֻǿͽһķϣŹɣ
ѩ˪ѾЩݣ˵ʵǳǿˮ˿ͬȼңҪһƺʦйϵ


2052 δ֮
Щϵ
˪ɻϵĲȤֻǳһΣͻȻѾˮ¹߶Ǹðˮ¹˱ȽϺѣ˵Ǹ˹ʸ񣬽Ϊˮ¹ҲУϾ磬һӰˮ¹Ȼʵûдﵽ˪Ҫ³ֻһǱ·һ
ڰ˪ѩôǸˣȻԼйϵɵ档
ʵѩ˵ôйϵ
ƺһʦϢټˮԪѾﵽ۷壬һΪʦǰµĲأ
˪ɵøе棬һԼϢˮԪػﵽ۷״̬ǲǵԼչĵӣϸԼûչеӡ
⵹м˼
˪԰ѩ˵塭
򵥣ʦΪˮ¹ӣˮ¹ûˣֻҪ˾ˡ
ѩһ˵оԼŮͦãض޳˵ŮҲһʹ顣ԼҲûвл޳ŵ⣬һð˪ˣ˪ŰѩԲ
治֪޳ͻȻо°һ飬ܣɻ˵ﴫɱǰѩôңǽȥأ뿪ʹ
ͻȻˮϵٴδһֱӽ޳޳һУ۾֮ԼѾڴ֮ϣǰվ绨ŮӣȻͰѩȣ˪ҪһЩȴ󲻶٣˿ǽûһ
ѩڰ˪˵ʦɴ
˪𣬸ҪᣬȴͻȻһϤ
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ѩ޳һۣгǣ˵ǣ
ո뿪޳Ͱ˪߱󷨣Լ޳ϢͶԻᴫȥ
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ʲôġ
˪˵ɧңֶ԰ѩ֣ˮ¹ˣǲǹǹȥ
޳˪Ļ˵ˮ¹ˣô֪
˪˵ˮ¹飬޳֮Ĺϵ˶٣˵ոճʱ򣬱㱻ǹУǺڻҺ޼ʥصĹϵŻ޼ʥضףǲò
𰡣ڻû޹ȥȵĻᰡ
޳ˮ¹Ҳ£֪жˣˮ¹ȻѡЭͷһȣСѿڶ
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ﻹû˵꣬оԼ֮һȣԼ۳·ҲҪʧǱ͸ıɫ·͸˪һ֣ǳջ޳˿ĭ
˪ҪԼѹƣȴԼǱԪѹƣȻֻĻԪأǵܹûԪ谭ԼС
޳޳ɫеĿ⿴Լ񶼷Լϣû˵ʵ޳ô࣬޳Ϊ޷Լ壬˵ǻԪػôȫܣ
ͷϳֺˮɫóɫϴȵϢЩԣ֪Լȥæ޳˵ôˣͣ
˵ʱɵ÷һ۾޳޳Ȼ˵ˣǳ˵ʵڴϣر󻬵ġ
ҧҧҵʹֹͣ˼룬޳˼ӣƺʱ䣬ðȴ˵ʲô޳˵ˡ
˶٣ϵɱͷųֱֱҪԼ촽ҧƣһοӳˣ޳֪ɱ˲գۣʵԶԼֻ»̽ӵ뻳УԼļеȫ
ȻΣվɵġ
áϹ֪ˡ
ǻᣬ޳֮󣬼ֱҪˬˡ
ţѪĵ˰ɣ
޳һЦȴǰ˪ɱ˵۹⡣
˪ϵýʧǹɻƺȼմԼֻ֮ʣһС𻨣ѾСˣȫӰ캣˪ʵ
˪޳Ҫ޳֮пЩʲô޳۾һ޹ı飬ǸոճӤһʲô
ɵøеΣ޳˵㲻ҪװˣҶѾˣ㻹ô
޳ٺһЦ˵ֻסӦҵѣһɱЧʱЧǳԣԣӦ֪ô
лϾ˳е⣬ڰ˪ʵѾȫָˣԼа˪ڣֻҪǿ߲֣Լɵ˭
˪ϳֵķӦȻѪĵЧѪֻ޳ģô԰˪Ӱ죬ֻٸ˪Ƶʱ̫Լ˪֮У޳Ҫ޳ֻҪһЩ޳Ȼڰ˪ۣ֮ˮϵİ˪֮Żϵټ޳ڻϵ֮ߣȻӰ졣
ڻʲôӰ죬޳Ҳ֪ڵЧҲȫ޳
˪в֪ж޳ˣ޲ھͰ޳ʬΣԼ֮бһԼΥԣ޷Լ壬ǴȾԻὫ˸ɵ޷ԼԼһƵ˵Ůˡ
뵽ˣ޳ɱŨźüʱ䣬⼸µʱ֮У޳ʵӱѸ٣֮ԼҲǶ֣


2053 벽
޳԰˪˵ҵĺţ㲻÷ģû飬Ժǣˮ¹ĻԺǿԳһˣ
˵ּ֮һ䣬˵ȻҲҪȥҲˮߣҲһŮûɲҲ¡
˪޳˵Ķȫףʲôȥˮ¹ʲôˮ¹ӣȫף˷ܵ޳֮󣬻˵Ҫˮ¹

Ҳԣˮ¹ˣ취Լ˵ɣ
޳ʱɫȫԼƵİ˪Ҳûмֶ೤ʱʵԼݽˮ¹

޳̾˿˵ȻС
ҵģһأԺҪһ˿ҵ׬ˣȻа취Ը㡣֮в׼㶯֣Ҳǲɱ㣬ѩʵҲʶˣҲ㶯֣ҿֱһ£ðѩ㶯֡
ѩɱңҲᡭ
ҵȻ֪ɱأ
޳ûм˪ЧһǼʶˣȴԸԼԶûпֱʹͶħĽ壬Цʧĵ˳аȴ˷·Ц֮С
һЦ޳㽫ʵ˵ʱ˼ףܰ˪ôܵԼƣʼնһԼܶǿߣڶʱ֮Լ޷ԼΪ
Ǳʱֻжʮʱ䣬ʮ֮˪ܶ뿪֮Լô죬ԼԵĿ޼ʥأһĿΪʥĵش
޳Ϣĸı䣬˪ҲеǾȣ·ܹܵ޳ɢΣոУǿߺǿ֮ĸӦ
۷ѡ
̾˿ΪѾףԲóʶ޳ţǳ֮ˣŵӣؼ޳ˮ¹Ĺϵ
󷨳İѩ˵ѩɡ
޳ŷְѩһֱվ棬ж԰˪һ²ۣȻôһŮţһһûе£ǰѩʦ
޳ͻȻһ飬ŰѩûϽʵ˪˵ҵĺţƺһ֪أòֶҰɣ
˪޳һۣԼȱۻԼûи治֪ʲôãѩҲά
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÷˪Ȼ
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ĳƯأ
ðѩ߽ʱİѩɫãϾǶطǳǿ󣬰ѩΪԼסˣʱƣǶȴй¶Ϣûжı仯ɫȴࡣ
˪һĻʱɫ޳ôжĶ֪һӦ˪֮ʱѾڰѩߡ
ַڰѩϣϸܰѩ֮еĶأ¶һ˿ɫ
һǿϢɢһŵɫѩ漴ѩ֮Уڰѩ֮̽鲻ãĳ棬ѾѪɫѩɫѿۿžҪ£˪æ޳˵ҷŰѩ
޳Űѩ壬ֻоѩͬһ㣬֮ǰӰ˪ϳֵĲִ֢ӰѩϳˣѩΪҪȰ˪Сܶ࣬ڼ϶ظոų⣬ǳܵš
޳˵㿪ʼ·ȴ˪ŭһ˦֣˵ɳȥݺݵײϡ
ѩû˷ţۿҪڵϣ˪æǰסѩɰѩϵĺŰ˪ֶ˪壬޳һѰ޳
޳ԼԴŰ˪ʱɫɵøо˪ܣ˵ҸղҪȰѩΪʲôֹҡ
˪ҪԵ޹·ѯԼʲô
ֻҪŰѩˣ㲻Ҫܡ
޳һѩס֮˪һעѩ֮Уǹɺرס
ѩҲ۾޳Լ֮ʱ֪ΪʲôȻܵһ˿ģҪ۾͸۽ǿڲԶİ˪ʱɫæվȻҡҡλΣȴǽ޳˦޳˵㡭Ȼʦǰң㡭Ҫˣ
ѩȻҲ֪޳ھԼǰ˿ǰ˪һ޳ġ
˪һ̾ѵԼͽǵоһˣ԰ѩ˵Ҫżģ˵޳֮ͽѾ㿴ˣʱҲǱŻģڷһ£Ҳûʲô
ѩɫͨ죬˵ʦҡ
޳˵Ҳǣûг˼ȴ˪ףһ˲䣬ɱ䡣
޳һŮ˻ǾЦͶɱ˵˼Ͷħʲô
ѩΪΪԼԵʣǸĿ޳һۣ޳ںϾȻ˪ɱǿȴԲԼֵġ
ѩϵĶزûȫʣµĶѾѪ֮Уǿųֻ»˰ѩԴԡ޳һĻᣬȽǶתƵϣٴ֮ųĻͿԱɶ԰ѩ˺ˡ
޳һΣˣ취ȷܹų԰ѩ˺ǽ˺ȫתƵԼˡ
ںֻһ㶾ضѣѩھһͨȻ޷ܣԼһ۷ߣ㶾ضԼ˵ʲô
Ҫ붾תƣ޳ͰѩҪŽӴ˶ܹܵѩǷСУһͨ˵İѩɫ죬۾дŶԼĵǣɰ
޳˿ĭŸܵߵ⣬תͷŰ˪ٺһЦ˵ҵĴ㿪ʼǡ
˪˫һһѩ֮УͰѩ޳ܹܵǿȻԺ˵Ĺж֣ڰ˪ǰһס
ѩѪҺ֮еĶع˳볯޳֮й䣬ȴû뵽޳ͻȻһԼǾ޴ıϵһ۷ǿߵȻ޳ӵĹոɾĿ޳гţ
ôܣ
˪˵޳ղŸĸоͺһԶ޷ĺڶԼӴɻᱻ޳ɵġ
ôȣǳ֮⣬Ƕؽ޳ʧ٣Ҫ֪Ƕؾеͷۡ
Ŀ޳޳Ȼôǿ
޳ƺ֪ʲô飬۾԰˪˵ô𣿡
˪˵ͷϵûˣ˵ˣֻڲûų
˶٣Ŀ޳˵ĺԡ
ʲô


2054 ǰǺ
˪ҲʶԼ˵ˣɫװ޳˵ûʲô㲻Ҫ˵ҸһЩָ
޳ͷоؽԼ壬ǵûжԼԼǿһ߾Ű˪ðѩָ˿Ͼѩʲô⣬ҲĲġ
ѩ۾滹һ˿־塣Ȼһ۷ߣɱϾ־壬ҲǴӹŹһȦڵٷһЩ仯ֱӣһŰ֮Уϵ·ʱ飬ɢ֮󣬰ѩָӣɴݺͱ顣
԰˪˵ʦлл
˪һתͷ޳԰ѩ˵ҲллɣΪһޣһ·ϲûжôҲǲ
ȻǶ޳Ŀ佱Ϊʲô޳ôΪһʲô˼޳Ŀ˰˪һۣз߷룬ҪһޣʱӦð޸鶼ˡ
˵ʲôϾ˽¶԰˪ԵϷͽԣҪӡӦǸӣܻһŭ֮½Լնɱ飬˪Ըܹó
ˣһǸΪʲô֣
ʦһûи㣬˷ǵʶ޳һ޳һطģ޳ƺɱ޳޳
޳һԼոΣյ֮¾˰ѩھȻڰ˪ǰܡ
˪֮ɫأ޳Ҳֻǵʵʲôϵ
ѡ
˪һֱ޳Ϣ޳ѵĻܹȷ޳ûѣûܹһ¶ɱ⡣
ƺܺ
޳ͷƤЦ˫۾·ӳѪǾ޴ɱŮһ䣬ɱⲢǡ
ѩ֮ǰ޳ѾˣȴãԼƺԶֻ޳ı棬ĵ뷨Ҳ͸
֪ʲôϢ𣿡
ţգΪʵϧһС
Ҳɳ̽ӣ֮ǰǿֶǴȻߵһ±ǽҵȻɱǡӴʧ֮УַδȫûƺһЩǳǿС
޳˵ģǱ϶Թеܽᣬǣ޹ңĴԿյΪ£Ϊûеĵûǣҵˣ
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Ĭټɫ˪޳˵԰ѩΪΪ˾ȰѩѶΪ֮պٷжˮ¹ľٶɱ㣬𣿡
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޳뿪طˣϾٲȥЩ˸żˣرǺԼС
뿪֮󣬰ѩ˵ʦ츳ôǿΪʲôΪӣ
˪̾ʦûʸ񣬲һﵽ۷ľ磬ףԼԵ磬ûô򵥡
ѩƺʲôһɫ˲ò԰ף԰˪˵ͷʾԼˡ
޳һ·ص޼ң޼ҵһҶææ⣬ŸӺܴ֮ͤ壬ܴͷߴһçײӣȴȺӸʤһ
޳ˣʵôʱ䣬ʲôȥˣ
޳˵һ飬û˵˪ԼĹϵֻǽԼ°ߣȻͰѩһս˵ʱѾһã޳ǵˮ¹Ůˣ俴⣬һһ鶼ûУĻˣ˶𾪡
Ҷ䲻˵ˮ¹˽⣬ˮ¹֮ܽ޳Źһԭ򣬻Ŀ޳ʵ޳ˮ¹
ܣˮ¹Ѿ˵ˣҼˮ¹Ҫ飬ǼҲġ
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޳һΣֻкĻԼܹ˵Сè͹ᶼ޳ڡ
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޳һ̾ʹǧһѵΪ֮ս
ôʱսǿߵľ޴ƱҪкܶǿߴС
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޳ɻʵʲôϵ
κţκԲμӣȻҲǣȻΪ˽޼ʥأǶ֤ԼʵţŮ޳ȥ֮ǰҲȿһɡ
Ҷ˵Ȼٽˮ¹˰ȵܹ¡
취ȷǲҶһ㣬Ҳ˵Ҷ֪һ㣬ǾǺˮ¹ӣֻΪҺ޼ʥؾŻø޼ʥءԼ츳Ȼǿ󣬿ɺȴμ穣˪Լ˵ĻתˣЩҲû뵽ڴ֮ǰԭ޼ʥغˮ¹Ѿˡ
Ҷ̾˿˵㲻μӣҲμӵģϾҪ޼ʥصսĿܹõóֵѾˣһ·ЦһȻԣСƲս
̾һ˵һ⣬޼ʥص˿ĿѾû˲ˡ
ȻҪ޳Ȼհ졣
ҶԺ׼ȷ䣬㿴޻Եţ˷׷ӭӣΨһûıǺӺܴˣСͤ壬·Χġ
û뵽Ȼ˶ϼɵóǱ߿ȥһ߸֪˵ʲô޶ʱɫͷתٿǱߡ
޳޼ҽ֮ҵһƺҲǵһʽ棬ÿһο㣬ǶҺܴľϲ
Ӹ̧ˡ
£òͷοȻԼ࣬ҶϾ£ɮ濴棬޳ҲҪһЩӡ
̧ˣû뵽Ǹðˮ¹ӵϣҿʼΪܵȥأ


2055 ޳Ӱȭ
ˮ¹Ĺϵ
Դ·ԼͿ޳˵ˮ¹Ĺϵǿ֪ܲˮ¹ʮǰҪѾʼȥˮ¹֮ǰߣ˭ֱ֪޼ʥؿϣΪ޼ʥʯǿ󣬻ҲòάֺùϵŴӦ¡
ǵôô֣
޿޳Ҷ䣬˵⣬üʵǸòѾ֪˰ɡ
޳Ҷ䲢ûзϣʱ¶һȻɫ۾޳˵Ȼ޳֮ǰ˱޳ˮ¹İѩһʹҲûţڿǷǵʶҹϵ
˵仰֮ʱزסĽˮ¹ˣңÿһ˶ᴹߣҲ⡣
޲ûнԼһݰĽͼʸҶ޳͵ĵط̹Ȼؽ߷緶
ҲǺͿ֮ˣ޼ʥؽԼλһ޵ģ˭ϼĸ޼ʥصˣ޼ʥضĿ绢ء
ܻЭޱҪȡһ£Լȫϣ޳ϣϣ޳޼ʥַ£Ҳòվ޼ʥصĶ档
е뷨͸Ҷ䣬ͬʱ˵Ϊ˴ﵽԼܹĴۣ޳޼ҴԼңһµļԲô򵥣˻ҵ֧֣ټ޳ʵѾһ롣
޳֪飬ȫҶԼﻮ֪޳װľԲĿ磬޼ʥػǸǿĵطôΪ˸ԼҶҶһѣΪϼӵҲΪ޳Ŀ¸պ
޳Цһ˵ˣҺͰѩȷһϵûУ֪ȫһ⡣
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޳ͷǽӦҲûжٵľȣ¿ǽסˣ޳ѵ˿飿
Ҷŵŵ˵ص£֮ǰѾ޳˵ˡ
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߳޼֮Ųͣ޼ſڣߵԼߣȵʵȷ˶۷ǿ𣿡
һȷȷʵʵѾﵽ۷ľ磬ʵҲǶ֣һȻûдﵽ۷壬ȴҴܴΣոУʵӦܹﵽ۷壬Ҳࡣ
ͬ۷壬ȴԶԶ޳࣡
޻۾һУ̾˿˵޳ԲǺͬһˮƽģһǿ߻᲻ԾǿߣҾߵԽ࣬˵Ǹ˵ʵԽǿ
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޳׼ȥʱͻȻͣ£˵ɣ֪һֱڰй۲ҡ
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ǰ˪彥ʧȻȫӰ
޳һδǿߣֱǿ󵽱̬˪ǰҲȫûпɱԡѵǿߣ
ǣΧʧ֮󣬸ղž鶼ͬһþһʵĻþ˵ʵڻܶ϶Ǹ˾ǲǰ˪

˪գԵһĨɫ
޳ȥ֮ҡҡԴŬԼһ£ǱӵĸоѾʧΪԼ뿪ʹԵʡ
ԼΪΪ˰˪Ѷ϶Ǹ˾ˮ¹ˣʵôǿѲˮ¹Ĺϣ
޳Ƶ̾˿ҪѵãҪǵˣôǿĵĲ֪Ӧôźá
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޳ûнһл˵ڣоһĴԼ֮ϣŽߵĺȻе𾪣ͷǲԾ̽˳ȥһǣóʱ䣬򾳽ǿ߶Ϣĸо
޳ָں̽ȴͻȻѣ͵ؽƿɫӣңͰͣ˵⡭ǡҵı꣬ôߡ
޳ӣоǳЦԺ˵Ȼ˵ĻٸҵıǣҪ٣ж١
Ҫ
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޳ٺЦԺ˵һ뿪е㲻ģܴȥһ˰ɡİȫڣҲܹһЩ
Ҫܾɵ޳һҪǾܾͲȥӣֻôӦ
Ҳˣ޳Ҷ˵һ£Ҷ䲢⣬Ͼܴͺӵһ֮ڸϻ˵顣


2056 ʳ
ܴҪؼңٴ¶ɫû޳˵Լ˵ͽˣں߱˭ҪҶһëҾԻ塣
ܴһǱȽԵģԺȴǱһˣ޳ı˻˺ǵܴ˺ˣӣͲµҪԼһ㣬޳˻֣һεӣܴ̾δҲ̫ˣͺȥѣ·ϻһᷢ飬òôš
ܴںӵ֮ҲʶԼʧ̬̾˿޳˵Ǹе̫ˣһ޷ʤ񣬻úһɣ
޳һΣ˼˾֪Ҳȷ˲˺֪㼴ɣû˭˸ʣȫСú֪ԼҪġ
˵ʱҲʲô飬뿪һʱ䣬Լ֮ǰҪкҵıǰȫģ˵֪Լͺϵĵ˲ࡣ
뿪֮󣬻˸е塣
֮ǳɭ֮УһȺ޴ķһ¥Ȼٶȷɿ죬¥ȵڿл˵ܲ޴ٶˣҲûжһ¡
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Щ˶ʯͷôֿ
Ÿո˵꣬ȴͻȻסΪҲˣһ˿޵ĿƺǴӴׯĺ洫̾˿ĭ˽ͷųɽ֮Ӧû˶ԼʵǿһԸʮǿԵġ
ڴׯ棬ǿʮڴм䴫ġ
Щһ֮£ԭЩҲʯͷɵ˸е죬ʯͷôᷢ
Ƶʯͷǰ棬ǰҲ̶õһĻɵһԾһ̣ӵŮǿǴзģϵĺۼǱҰһ룬ӡɫɢѪֹзһϢȻѾҩɾȣ̾һȻС͵ȴӲɱ֮¡
Ҫ뿪ȴһ£ͣǸŮǰ棬ϸš
ң
Ųִ֪ʲô˼ƺһ˵֡
Ų˵ģҪຣӳǸŮ˺ϷȥŮ˲ûие£ǳмĿš
ǰ֮ʱϻѪЦһ˵ȻЩѾòЩǮˣǾʰĸɾһЩƽ֮ǲٳˡ
ǡ
һվڳǳǰ棬֮󣬶ʱǵķ𾪣ǲûĳУûмĳУ۰컹϶һķ֮۾ΧѲһȦȻŴ¥ȥ
ϣӵһɣ
¶һ˿ЦݣǸŮ˵ʮƯŮ͵ҵķ䣬ĻˣĻ
Ļû˵⣬ŮͻȻԼֹͣǱǰһ㣬ֻҪԸ⣬׵ɱԼ
Ȼһùġ
Ǿͺá
ߵ¥ϣ˸ȥȻǸ֮һһŮ飬ͻȻűˣǸֵһͷ˱ȴоԼɵУǸŮҲǣڿתһȦ֮͵رǸŮһУһҲûмôֲ顣
ôô
ݱѪȾһ飬Ӻ⣬ڴߣĽŮ˸˵㣬úźң˵³Ҳ³
ǡ
ǳɭ֮С
ϣ˵Ҹڸʲôֱȥ˾𣿡
һЦС㻹ǲҪ֪ΪãĿЩʵȻǳСɲûмˣΣգС㻹Ǻһ𣬷һᱻЩ˸˺ڡ
Ҹأ
ƿԣ֮˵Ӧ˺˵ˡ
С㣿
תͷȴǸŮûڷһֲĸо˳ŮϢԶȥɵ̾˿˵¿ɻˣ˶˳ȥҪǱ֪Ļҿⲻһѵˡ
ȻŮ˵ôôΣգŮԼܳȥȴûа㵣ģЩȻûжģŮʵĿ綼ûмŮĶ֣ٽϲġ


2057 ֮
ǡ
һ·ϣϵıԹŽ顣
Ȼ׬ıɣǸδҲ̫˰ɣǸŮ˵Ҷ֣⵽Ǹ֣һţ
ԴȻͷˡ
һĲΪȻ˵컹죬ֻҪõǮģȫûйϵ
ˣɵ뵽ǸŮӱ㲻Ĳڣ·ԼЩʲôͻᱻǸŮһ㡣
ιιҪҪô죬Ƕߣɲַ⽨ŰҲ֪ڰοԼǰοˣ˸еһ󣬷ţҪŵԴǲԴʲô⡣
ű˵ľٶŪһΣ˵ˣȥ¥úһ£ȥϵĻ
봺¥֮ԭݺ裬ֵĴ¥ȴ÷ǳſǸд˵ҲûֱЩɫ֣·ŬƽȴڸǲסеĿֻš
Ϸȥ¥ϲûһˣ˶¥¾ۼһ£Ȼߵߣʵ仨أ
貢ûΪŵĵˣż˵ү뿪ҪȻˡ
źʵΪʲô
ʱϷͻȻˣû˳ֱӷɳһʬ壬״ңſʬ壬ȴһϤĸоüͻȻͫ͵Ů˵ӣǵǴӵŮ
˭
ſ¥ϣһ껺߳һɢӣϵ·ոմã߰˸ŮɫѿվǷǳܣȴһмǰꡣ
ң
˵СĬһ㣬ԼûвԼˣһ˫۾ͻȻʱͶˣ̧ͷվǰ꣬ǿһ
Ӵּˡ
ϣˬʡ
ҲˣԼȥӵ·ϼˣΪһת۾ʧˣΪԼˡ˵ͷ˵㡣
ЦЦʵô֪ҵ֣
Ŵ󾪣ôܽɱһӵĶħᲢۣʵȴͫһ˵㣬Ȼ㣡
˲ĿţʶȻϽү˭֪һС͵ȴ벻žȻʶ
㣬ɱһӵˣһһι
Ŵ˵ȻɲҲǳصģһġ
Һ⣬һ¥£վǰһװ˵ĸͷǲģԼߣԼȴҪ
˲ʹ죬ұΪõأû뵽Ȼ鷳Ȼֻ㡭
û˵꣬ѾӸͳݺݵسϴȥûжܣǸĵӣԴ͸ʯ˿ûзȴûһ˺һ̾ôܣôܣ
ϻѪһᣬ˵ԭˣû뵽ˣȻһˣǡ̫ʧˡ
˵꣬űоԼ޷ûжԼȴɵУڿתȦȻ£һͷڵϣ۾ԿԼԽ
ҿΧˣһգ¥Ȼ˷߷׷̧ͷſУնСлǵһοǿߣļҲˣһãտʼΪǿߣɿе𾪣ʱˡ
ǿߵΪʲôǲǣѲǲб˵ϢǿѲǿߣ
Щ˵ǼΪңԶľ룬ɶ˵ȴͬһ㡣
֪ҪʲôҪǰѯʵʱȴŻɫâὫ̧Ȼ£ôһϸСľٶȴԴ¥ΪģһۿɼĲ˲ݻ٣ӵĹǱһǣЩ壬ûһһ֮л
ҲûΪ⼸Լж˿⣬ֻһǱǸŵˡ
ȥյ㣬ǡ
޳ÿϱȥʹһ֮⣬ûʲôҪǶڵԣҲûжôʲô֮ģһôûС
ûµʱ䣬й䣬һߣͳɹ¼ҹһԺ￴ŹŸСèҶ͹رûҲرû鿴
װ
һʮ
ӴòŮӣԵѾߣҲԼܰ
һü۵վڴϴĽлţӰµУȷһȺŮˣһͲɫһĻɫ
޳£Ҫ뿪֮ʱȴͻȻ֮ܵдһϢ
ߡ
޳ٴγӿȥһȺŮӱ󣬻һŮӣƺǮŷǳֵܹǸŮĻ
һţţţȥһ˾ȻõǮ
ɵ𣿡
޳Ҫ߹ȥȴü۵ס˵ӣҪѾ𣿡
ֻǿѡ
ϻЦݣ޳û˵Ĵɫʱ˵ǹӱǸˣ˵ĻǱǲȥġ
˵꣬Ҫһ޳뿪ûУȴȫûп޳Ӱͷ̾ѵҿˣղһߵġ
޳ʱѾ֮С
ոճ֣ǽֽŷµŮ˵ÿٶȣû뵽ĿоȻǿߡ
˭
һڱĿ磬޼ʥغˣƲôֵ˵ӣˡ
޳а̾Ѳ޼ʥصѾˡ
ʶң
ŮɻĿ޳һ޳еȣ޼ʥضˣԼô޼ʥضأ
֪֪Լʲôط
֪ǡ
˵ʲôϵ
˵簡Ҹյû˯ĵطλĵĴ翴ѣԳְң˯ҳԺȣ̫ˡ
еʲô
Ǯ˵ûǮĿ粽УÿһνЩŮȥὫƱңֽǷǳһŮһأ
ô˵أ޳ǰ񵥴Ů̫ڵǾһɵӣⲻǴ˵еı˻Ǯ


2058 
Ȼ֪ŮɵǼɵ޳Ͳܲܡ
ߵ棬ļ˸տʼΪҪԼˣ֮ǰѯʹԼ޳ʱúܲˣ޳˵ô˵ˣ׼Ǯ˵Ļǲȥġ
򡣡
ģ
´޳Ȼ޳ŻɿǻѾߵˣüйѾ¶⣬ҪǸƭĻ޳֪ʲô
޳棬ʵ޳˵Ҫĸ
ˡ
ŮָָԼ˵ң
ü۵˸æ˵ЦˣŮǻƷԲ
𣿡
޳óԼϿ˵ǰ˵ſļֵӦ֪ɣŮ
ҶҡǷҶҵˣ
޳ſȷҶԼģ˵ͷȻԼҶҵˣɿҶĹϵϣԼҲҶˡ
˿޳ͷʱɫæ޳˵ҲҪǮŮһûߵĻʹߣ㽫˶߶С
޳üΪҶӦû˼ɵҶأԭҶЩҲô
Ͼʮ壬ƽտǲЩˡ
޳ߵŮǰ˵߰ɣӦ޼ʥص˰ɡ
ûԭ֪ҵݡ
У

޳Ůϴ̽޼ʥص飬ȴŮ˶ԼĽţԼղŲ㱻˸ˣôԼ˻ˡ
޳һΣŮȻҲԼĽͣ˼󣬽ԼϿУ˵ԺҪˣſҪԺ˯ĻֻҪóſû˻㡣
ӹȥгʵģ
Ȼģ޼ʥصأ
ûҸпܵˡ
ЦЦЦСѣÿ˿ѷɫˡ޳ûĶŮƯûãϾ̫ɵˡ
޳ص޼ңҶ͹ŸƺԼ
Ҷ俴޳һ˵ȥˣ
й䰡
޳ҪԼǸŮ˵ȴҶһӣʵʲôˣ
·Цȥ
·Ц
޳ܾû·ЦϢҪһμӱ֮⣬ƺûΪԼĻˡ
˵ʵ޳Ҳ֪ڸʲôɢ鹤ᣬͬʧһ㣬ȻͻȻ֣޳о֡
Ҷ䣬ʵʱ·ЦڸʲôΪʲôڲϵǣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ڲϵǣųѾﵽ۷ʵƺһȻʵû޳ǿ󣬿ɾԲС
޳ͬ⻰Ͼ·Ц֣ڽԪصĲϣ·ЦʵνȱǱʵĳֶ޳ͳ·ЦսĻǳս޳ǹ̶ˡ
ȴһȲ˵޳Ѿﵽ۷ľ磬ƾ޳Ԫؿӣó·ЦԼĶ֡
·Ц޳е־壬־Ĳʵǻۡ
¼ҡ
޳Ѿǵһˣһ˫ǵˣһ˫ȴѣվͳһսߣ¼õĿ£İЩǿ߶Լʱѵ״̬ʱپ޴ĵһ㡣
·Ц棬Ϊ޼ʥؿҪˣ·ЦҲӦúܽŲǣɵ޳·Цʱӣȴ⡣
ôˣôһĿɿڴӣ
·Ц΢ЦĿˣʱ˿ŵɫƽгȫһ
ǰ˳Ծӣ̾һʲôˣҾôĲһͽҴ塣ҺǲͬȻҲǳ¼ҵļȴǳ¼ҵĹǣҪ͸еҵĻԺ¼ҵôҽҵϡ
仰Ҷɫһ죬ΪҶַһæǰæȫûϸ˼Ļᡣ
ˣǵӺһ޼ʥصȷһһе֪Ҳ
·Ц̾һ۾޳˵֮ôҲΪҸΪ޼ʥص˺ܿﵽˣҵıϾҪʼҲͰˣֺûν㡭޳һҪ֮кúñһ£޼ʥص֪Ŀߵǿ޻أ
·Ц˵仰֮˶оһ䣬·Ц޼ʥƺɼܴѵʲôԼЩ˲֪ģ
޼ʥصƺѾ˾֮У֮ǰ
޳˵ҶȴĿ޳Ծ˵ʲôʱ飬ΪʲôҲ֪
޳ǸһЦ˵֮ǰ˵ģһ·ϲûʲôᡣ
Ҷ͹Ÿǻģһʵǿ󣬳Ĭԣһ˵ܴʵС
ҶԼ·ੲݣƺԼûи޳˵顣
ֻҶ䣬·ЦҲû뵽
޳Լ˵һ飬黹˵˳кΣ޼ʥصһô֮⣬ʲô鶼֪ԼóȻȥףδĲ̡
εĻȷ޼ʥصˣҪǾ޼ʥضôöԸĻʹشˡ
·Ц˵ҽǽеҲΪ޼ʥص飬ڲ֮ǰõһ޼ʥصһϢǷ޼ʥߵټӦþǺҡ
ң
Ҷɻ˵ֺ֡
·Ц̾˿˵Ϊ⣬ҲȷϴǸ˾ңոմǳɭֳһСׯȫʯͷ
޳üƾһ㣬ҾԲʲôƲ硣
Ȼ·ЦĻﲢûн˵һׯֵ֮˲ǣⲻȻһСУҲʮ˵˿ڣɳһ˲䱻ȫݻ٣ҵһ֮ɥ
ôܣ
Ҷɫ࣬ﻹֽôŤɱʮˣҵǸ࣬һ
Ȼ޳˵ӿµ˾ȻΪˣҪĸ֪ҪܵʲôĿ࣡
ҲŽǽй֪ԵĵһʲôĹ֪βμսҵ鱨ҵʵԴﵽ۷壬֮УûĶ֡
޳һ˵۷壬ȻѾﵽ־硣
޳ܵǸŮϵϢΪȻֻ۷壬ʵȴǺԼ£Ȼ޼ʥصǿҪĿǿöࡣ


2059 
޳ɵøе˴ﵽ۷ĵزʵöôŵǿ
޳Ȼô˵жΣһȫָˣǸң֮⣬ûһֵܹġ
·ЦĵǸңǰ޳Ȼ޳Ѿ˺ܴĳɳУ޳Ǳޣ޳ԸǸ˵ĻҲûܹԸˡ
޳֪·Ц仰˼ȻνԼϣȴҲǽν޳ʱĳ·ЦĺԼһսߡ
黹ûйȥ·ЦͻȻ˵ҵǿʵһֱҲֻͽգڵĵ֮ǶԸңδⳡ֮չ¶ͷǣҾ˾˿ǽϣˣ޳ܹһٴһ˵ĻܹҾ˾վߣһ޴
¶صЦݣ޳˵ˮ¹֮⣬ϼҵʵĿǿļ壬һԶҪǡ
Ȼû˵ɷǻлҶ޳һۣ޳ɫأҵ飬Ҷȴɺܶ࣬Ϊ·Цĵ㲦֪ԼӦôˡ
һѡγǿߣǾսҲûʲô飬ҪҪһȥһ¡
Ҷæ˵ȻҪһ£ܹ޳һսˣһʲôɫ
·ЦһЦ˵޳һҲճʵҲѾǿ󵽿µĵز˵ʵҶҲûʤİգһսĶ֣ǿܻȤ
˭
Ҷޡ
Ҷ޶֣˶ʱɫ˵ʵ֮ǰȥ˺Ҷսһܣ޳ҪҶһͱ˶ս
뵽ֽ˱㲻ɵôһսҶڵĻǰĵѾѴˣټϱһʱͱӣ޳ôս
ڳ·ЦĴ֮½ʹԭľսڻʹ֮Уѹִ沢ûʲôϢأ
ڻʹ޳ᳵ·ͣһ·ϣһ߱ͨǱߣŸѵĻ޳ߴ·
·Цǰ·һĻȴ۾֮Уûбֳκûһ㣬˶ǿߣƶٶȻǳ죬ʹҲûöþ͵
һ޴ıأΧȴֻȼˣ޳ΪǱأź̾ϢһȥѯʽȴȻ֮ܵдľ޴Ϣ
Ǹˣ
޳֮ˣսķʽأûöôŵʤǽս˸еǣȻһӣľ

б죬ʵ۷壬˭һ·ȴû֣ҶޣڿҲҪˡ
Ҷ޶֣޳ŽעӱתƿҶ޲˵ǲɫֻڱߣâȫȥʵҶҲﵽ۷壬̶ֳܵȣȻıҲ
޳ϴοҶ޵ʱʵڣлҶޣһθ˽뾩ǣҪԼ֮⣬ȥҶ˵Щʲô
Ȼ󷨵ĵֵ޳ܹܵеϢ
ѵⳡսҲǹָʾҪʲôһҪԼлҪ˵һԼͽܹͷ¶档޳̾⽫Ͼе黹֪һΪжЩ֪Լݣǿɾˡ
սѾβҶһֱ⣬һֱ·磬ҲļҪҶ޸ԣĽǿزһһ˿ûͷȫƲϵľҶ޸ܡ
Ϊʲôϴսû
鹤ᶼʮˣһһ⣬Ӧ˵һ⣬ƺ֪
֪޳һ̾˸ոĿԼԼҲһǻԵɺϵĻֻԼҲĿĹȤ
òҲ˰ɣ޳һ̾ϾĺԼƣȻʵ˵ȴǴͬǰ޳սĻֻսʤƺžҪ䵽ˡ
Ҷɫѿرǿ޳վ濴Լʱ֮г˲ʡ
ҶƺǽԼ˾֣֮ǰȻ޳ԣȴûн޳Լڶϣ˵ͬѣԼӵΪʲô
޳ҶһۣͬɥȮҶ޸еźжҶ¶˲䣬㲻޳Ķˡ
ҶȻһȴֱ޳гս⡣
·Ц񣬲ɵùһЦ޳ļ˵ôȻʮ꣬ҲһŰɣڲûʩչȫʵʮ֮һ
޳һôᣬʮ֮һ
޳սʱһֱо֣Ȼǿ󣬿ܸһΥ͸УڿһΥ͸ԴʵصԵʡ
ƾճ֣ΪʲôȤ
·Цʵ޳޳ܾãȻ󻺻˵֮ԲҲ㣬ΪΪǶʦֵأ
ʦֵܣ
ڿȻǡ
޳ŬԼһ侲ɫղŷеһ˿·ЦԼĻɡ
Ŀ֮УûǿߣֻеǿѾ뿪еѾսôܻǿҲ֮ɱΪʲôҲû˵룬ȴȷȷʵʵĴڡ
·Ц˵ˣһ񾳽ĳǿߵӣʵǿһЩҲӦõġ
ǿߵĵӣóȥһȺˣ˵һʵûɿݺĿ硣
֪ΪΣԼϱ֮鲻Խͷų·ԼĶһ㣬ⱾӦһ˷ܵ飬޳ȴüͷ壬ԼΪ֣ĶֻһǱң
ȺмͻȻһᣬüϸΧȴûʲôӣ˵¿ȤˣҺ뱻һǵ˸ˡɫû˷ı仯¶Цݣа˵޳ǾͺˣҵŮˣȻ˸ҴҵŮ˵⣬޳ҵȲҪʲôɫˡ
޳ûлͱڣ֮ʧˣƺǻҿⱣҲǣôһǿߣұǿߣȻԸڻʹʲô⡣
·Цʧ޳Ц˵㼱ʲô˵ֲĶ֣ǶѣñĻеӦĻô޼ʥصЩ˶˵ѡΪǶǱּġ


2060 Ѫ
ʲô
·Ц޳һȱ飬ɵЦЦЦݼųζ̾˿źĶ޳˵ڶ֪ôģΪʲôܹʤ񣬲תһ룬㶼һȺӱֻǸûϣˡ
ȭͷ޳ţ˵ԺôһһէѵûܹԸ˱죿
޳֮ǰ޳Ըˣڵ޳Ѿﵽ۷壬涼ž޴һ컹ڻ¡
·Ц޳еţĵ˵ͷ뿪ʹ֮޳̲סķȥ
һڳ·ЦУ·ЦЦݣҲûֹҲû˵һ˼ı顣
˿֪ܲʵ޳·Цһ˽⣬ҲùŸȥ⿪ϵ󷨡
ȥ֮˾ͺͳ·Цֱֿӻص޼ң·ЦҪص¼ң޳׼뿪ʱͻȻӾ¥ϴһϢ
˭
޳ͷһ˲һǿߣҽǼԼѣûгֵ˼޳ｵһֻ̾Ҷ͹ŸȻվ޳ߣɶϢȴ˿޳ɻӣһԾԭǹԼġ
ղ˵ʲôѵΧ𣿡
ҶɻʵŸҲɻĳܿȥûзʲô쳣޳æ˵ûʲôȻȥɣеҪ
˵˵ͷʾס
뿪޳˿ϢҶ͹ŸߣΪǸ˼ȻܹϢͷŵĻҪƹԼȥԸŸҶҲܼ򵥡
޳Ǹ¥һԾʱ¥֮ϡ
ھ¥Եһźɫ·ͶҵȺ֮иۣΪɢΣϢΧҲȥһյء
Ҳ̫ñˣϢԼϵһ
ȻϢڸǣɺܶڸǲ˵ģ޳ĸоǹɵͱһģһڿҲͱûʲô𡣵Ȼ޳϶Լ²Ĳ㣬ǱǶеʡ
죿
վ޳˵Ȼܹϳ
ǳᣬȴްΥ͸УͺһӦӵеʡ
ǿĶ֮·һӣǵҶսʱõӿȫȻѾĥƽȴͬһ㣬üɫĵǱҧСףӱϢֱģм
ÿһ˶ԼΪ޳ĺսꪣ÷ҵĲ潣ɱδҲ̫ڶغˡ
޳֮ǰΪּһӣû뵽
Ҳʶ޳ԹӵĿùûһµ棬һɫĲ޳һѵ¥֮оҪս
޳޷κ˺ֻܹ޳ܵǻͬҲΪϵ
˰ӣ˵ľͷģϵȵĽұҲ޷ôһͨĹȴԡ
޳Цҿˡ
һͨľֻʹľ˲ͨѡ
仰ӱ˵˸о˺ţĺţȻŵʵ
޳ָָλ޳˵°ɡ
޳˵ͷͱܵϴľ޴ѹ޳ŷԭԼ֮ǰ̫ڼˣ˴ѰԼӦΪ̽һԼʵ
޳
޳һѾڣ仰
޳˵ͷ˵ҹòֻҪҵ֡
ȻǣҶǿ׹ԴӽĿ֮󣬶߲˵޳ֱ֣Ҫˡ
ͻȻŷǿս⣬޳˵ҲΪˣҶڴ˵еս޳еǳ棬񿴼ڵ㣬ò˵Ǻʧ
޳üͷһ壬ʵҹֻΪҪ˵Һʧ
ʵͦһʵСˣǱĴ޳֮ǰڱ컹кøеģɵǿڵı֣ɵһջ
ûнеŭйȴڱһϾƹһ«ȫڱͷϣȻȫǹģȴñ˸оǳơ
תϾƹҧгݵ˵ڸʲô
𡣡
Ͼƹҵòܡ
ƺǾʶҹϵҲὫֱӴӱͷϹ£ֻǶ˸еѣûкֵĴ㣬ȻͷӦ
ŭȴûҪ뿪ӷڱЦĶ޳˵ɣ
޳֪˵ڱ̬ȵķϣȻҪ˵ֻҪֵܲ⣬ҾͲ⡣
ƹű죬һŭ𣬾͵Ⱦƹʣɾƹһ֮󣬶޳Ц˵Ҳ⣬ҸղѾôãһ㷴ӦûС
еιϼһô·ơ
ƹٺһЦûлصĻǶ޳˵⣬һʶһ˵һж˵ʲô黹ͷ˵
޳ôоͷ͵ģűӣһˣôᱻƹ˵һɵأ
ƹһش˵Ѿ˵˭ɵӣ
㣬˵ľ㡣
޳ǿˣƹĺˡ˼ȫƹϣ˵ܷæҾͲˣҪסһ㣬˵ʵеʧʱʵññʧ
޳˵뿪ˡ
ϼһĽк
ι˸Ǯ
޳а̾һȺ⡣
ϱʵȷǿȴǿ˵زԼղŵ飬ǱӵзǳǿľϵǴľϵľϵƷĿľϵǳټǷϵ޳Ҳûкľϵ߶սܸоǳĿ¡
޳е;ȵĻһˣǱڱߵǸƹĿˣҲǳûн䣬ҲſڱտĿ磬ٽ磬ôʶƹ
ȻƹҲ
ôԾƹĹȴû˵ǾƹʵԶԶ졣
޳ȴӾƹûиܵһ˿Ϣ޳һ·˼Ļؼң˸еǳ֣Ҷǰѯʵ޳ʲô
ûղҿˡҶ䣬ܲܲ鵽
Ѿ˳ȥˣۿžҪʼˣҲˡ


2061 ҳ
޳˵ͷ仰ͱȽϣǳҪģҵҶ˵ʱ۾ֱҪðƺʲô˷ܵ鷢ˡ
ôˣ
ûʲôֻ㣬ҪһĻǳһҪúõķӳʵϼصıӣ޼ʥǰһӣǻرӦǷġ
޳˵ͷһ۷ǿߣΪҪһ۷壬ԼʵӦ˽⣬޳¶һ˿΢Ц˵İɣȻǼһĵĿͳߣĸףԲᱻǼСڲ
Ҷ޳Ļû˵ôûнϼҾͿʼΪϼ˵ˣǲֵܡ
ҶȻǿЦģҲܹЦʱҲʱˣһ޼ʥصǾ޴ѹ֮£˹ƶЦ
˵Ѿ˺ܳʱˣ𣿡
Ҷɻʵ⺣޳ĹϵȻǿǲϣģ޳֮ȥҺԲܴͺȴһҪû޼ңȫûһ㰲ȫС
һΪ޳Ӧ뵽޳ɲΪȻڶûᵽ顣
޳ûûΣɹСèҶɲϣʲô⣬Ȼֵܸ飬ȴò
޳üҲܴͺ뿪ʱ̫ˣвɵõѲǱ߳ʲô⣿
ĵĺҶĵȻһ£ٻӲ㽫Ҷ
Ҿֱ˵˵ˣ޳Ⱑ
˵ǡ
ܴͺٲҾӦȽССèȴҶң޼ʥ˵ĻҶʱǰȫġ
޳Ҷڵ˵İΣЦЦ˵Ҷ䣬ҵʲôˣúӺܴ뿪ȻǵİΣһİɣ˵ʵԲܴͺӲ
޳˵֪ڹ۲ңæһڱǡ
޳Ҳ֪Ϊʲôӻʹ֮󣬾һֱо˼Լȥ֮⣬ʱԼڼ֮Сտʼе󣬿תһ룬֪ϢԴ
˪ӦԼ飬һǱԼİȫȻҪӰбԼ
մ󺰲ûдõ˪ĻӦû뵽ϿվȻ޴ѹϢԴﵽ۷ľ硣
޳¶Цݣа̾˪ɵòڰ˪ǿߵı֮£ҶӦǷ˰ɣ
㡭Ȼʶǿ߲ң
ҶȷǷˣȴҲǱ޳ùǺ޳Լôǿ˱޼ң˵˽Ļ
ֻǿ߲Ҫ֪Ĵڶѡ
޳ɲǰ˵̫ڰ˪飬Ͼ֪˪һҪӵŮˣһҪǷԼ˵飬Լһ군ġ
ϣ޳Ҫȥʹ֮Уİ˵ݣʹһľףϲǶôһƣиоǳˬ
ЩѾʶˣȻɱ˴˴ŵ⣬ȴףС̫ǶãǸﱣԼԶС̫ɫ
ƹѾϨǶ̴ٶŻƵʵĺ޳ϲ뽫ѣԱ߾ÿҲһܡ
ͻȻ
޳ʱʧһ˲ݶ޳֮ΧػǿҲ׷޳
޳һѲԼ˱˵ĵ
һ˿ңΧ˵λ˴ʹ㽫ץ
Ǽ˿޳һۣ޳Ц˵ǲǸˣ˭Ǵеˣǿ֪˴̫֮⣬һûΪղű¶Ϣһ۷ǿߣǿ߽С̫࣬δҲ̫ϧ˰ɣ
޳üͷһ壬ԼǰڸղԼĶ̫ǷӡѾˣҲѹЩ˻̿Ϊ
Щʵ㹻ǿ޳ҪӲԴ򲻹ǣԼҪ뿪Щ˻ûʸԼ¡
޳󣬵˭ݺԼղоһϢڽ䣬ɵԼ֮ǸϢȫʧˡ
ôᣡ
޳е󣬶һߣһŷӡ¶һ˿΢Ц˵⻹һĶ
Щ˷޳϶Ϊߣһʵͷųһ˵ʵرǿ󣬿Щ˵Ϣ޳Ҳɫ
ɣôţ
޳ûдӲƴһδεİΧȦгȥȴ벻Լǰͻƿڣʵһ塣
󡣡
ǸδεİΧȦûм£һǳصķʽ˲޳ǰͬͭǽڣȫˮ©޳΢΢ü˵ôᣬЩ˵ϢͬΪʲôϢȴһںһĸо
޳Ҫ򵥵ѾǲˣЩˣͻȻ׹⣬ǿĽԪͷų߲һõĺӰӰͬһףȫ޳У޳ûк֮ǡ
ƣ
޳һȣϵϢʱȭͷĺӰѡһǿһ˹ȥ֮зǿĵططȻǲǵΪɵ޳һ֮˶ʱɫҲ¶һ˿ҵӣǵĹ׷״޳ϣһΪ޳ķǿǸӰȭûӰԵסȫһ֣ȻǲҪ޳ֱɱ
ȻЩˣҲܹܵǿʵȴδ֮ôǿĬ֮սѭ󷨣Լҵ󷨲ͬҪǶÿһʵֵӦá
ƽĻΪ˴֮ĲӦӲʵ˵ʵӸûչֵʵǿ󣬵Щ֮УַӳԼӳսԶԶһ˱
Ϊ֪һ㣬޳ҪϿԷ˶ڱӦùµˣԼĹȴûаңȻά󷨣޳еļµĵط
ڶԷ΢֮У޳ҵһûᣬһֻҪʹóһ˲Ȼ룬ʽ֮ǰԼӦرϤرһ˲Բٶʽһʹóǰ¶Լݡ
Ҳģ֮ǰʹõʽãʵ͵ڱӡһ룬ڵԸЩ˷ǳѣߵһ룬ȴԼĻᣬ˲䱻˸ס


2062 ޽
ô죡
޳а̾Ҳ֪ԼӦôźã벻취Ļֻб¶һ·ˡ
ǸӰ޳֮Уɵ̾ڣӦóȥΧˡ
˻̧ͷӢݣǵ񣬳˳·Ц֮⻹˭
һȺ˱ǳ¼ҵߣ¼֮ǿ󣬱Ϊ˸Ӷ󷨣ϳ·Цִ˵쵼Գ¼ȻԾΪյ岻С
ڳ·Ц޳ѾôԼȻûжôǿ󣬿ǻɫâʽȴеȣҺ⡣
ո̤һͻȻбƽ¹ȫסдľ޴ϢϢæһָоʱʧ޳ߵɫ
۷壡
·Цɫһֱûиоʹ󷨣ȴһ㶼޷֪Ǹ˵ڡ
Ҳ̤֮УʵȻɺЩȣȴܴһء
Ҫ֪Щ϶Կ˵ϢȴһЧûУ˵ˡ
֮ͬУһȴһ鶼ûУ˱޳޳ſУ¶һ˿Цݣ֣ƺʲôȻ޳ʧڳ·ЦǰԳ·Цǿʵȴһˮ
ôǸˣǸ޳ߵ˾˭
ϵ۷ǿ߲࣬ʮ֮⣬ǿһƶܹĹɸղǸǿǴûмͬ۷ǿߣǸǿߵʵԶԶԼˣһִǾֹҲ޳ǸǿߵĶ֡
˭
ǰѾʧͬʧĻϢǵһȺɫ֮⣬ȫͺʲô鶼ûз
Щһڻδѵ״̬ƾҲʲôı䣬۾ԼֱΧһУʵԶʵǻۡ
ͻȻоԼһԼͻȻԼָմһ㾧Өˮ飬С٣ȷˮ飬Ĵ
ˮ
·Цüͷһ壬ҡͷ·ڷʲôͻȻ۾˵ⲻˮѩ
޳Ͱ˪ķ䣬ֻ޳ԻúõϷһ¡Ų쿴Լİѩƺ֪Լ֮Ĺϵ޳֮࣬԰ѩЦ˵ѩǰ
ѩ΢΢ü۶ŮˣΪôǿŮ˶Ầһ飬ǱµŶԼҲ˵κŮ˶ϲ˵ϣ޳Ȼû˵İѩһӡ
ѩǰˣ֮ԳƺǰΪʵǿҪ˵Ļ㿴Сö࣬ҴӣʵǿĻһѩá
޳һ˵
ǳԹάĻѩȴˣ޳˷˵ģղ˵Ļ𣿡
޳ţһҪĵӣ˵ģ
֮ǰ˵ˮ¹ĵӸУҪǰ˵Ѻױ޳Ȼ칧άĻ˵ĶǴʵѩӣȷԵᣬֻǽʵ˵ѡ
һ仰ñ޳ûʲôøеİѩ޳
һԵİ˪ȴɫݺݵص˰ѩһۣ˵޳Ǻ޳ܰ
ѩԼʦ޳ʱɫȻ޳仰úܿģǰ˪ͽܣ˪޳̬ȣ޳̬ȡ
Ұѩδ˪ѵˣȻˮ¹֮⣬˽˪ŭֻһ³Ǳ˵˵
ȻףҲ޳Ͱ˪֮Ĺϵûô򵥡
ԭʦϾܾȴǳں޳츳ѩͣ޳ս޳ʵЩ˽⣬ټ޳ڵҪǼˮ¹һˮ¹ܴ
޳ٺһЦҲ˵ʲô
лȡ
޳仰Ҳĵģ֪ڱֻȺ˵˭ȴܹܵ̽п޵ˣҲпܵϼˣ˭С
˪޳̬Ⱥ⣬޳˵ǸڱҲý⣬Ӧǳ¼ҵĳ·Ц㲢ûе⣬ϧҲʱҲѾˣҲ֡
·Ц
޳Ŭһ£Ҳ׹ΪʲôЩֻ̽Լûºˡ
ǳ·ЦĻȷð˪Ͼ·ЦԼߵˣֻҪԼΪʲôȥ˵Ҳʲô鶼ûС
ˮ¹޳ŵĵƣȴû뵽ھͱ¶Ҳã޼ʥص˺ܿҪˣʱҲزסˡ
˪˵׾ͺáһ£ǾΪİȫðѩ޼ұ㣬ֻ𱣻㣬Ҫ֪ʲôٶղǸӣҾԲ㣬֪𣿡
ѩʵȻǶôǿ󣬿ɱϾһ۷ǿߣˮ¹ˣʲô鶼ֻĴ޼ң˸еɵ
Ҷ仹ĹСèİȫ˰ѩ޼ңã
޳мĿ˰˪һۣȻ˪ģʵȴһ
ѩѭ˪һе⡣Լÿڰ˪ǰ޳˪ɫѿΪʲôҪԼȥ޳
޳뿪ʹ޼Ҹȥ
ѩûиŹϾϵģ޳صңñ˿Ӱ첻á
޳ǸˣȻһûк˵ϻ
˳Ļص޼ңȴͻȻܵһϤϢŴӴϣʧǵʱһ㲣޳ʱҲ޳
ʧлһ˿ɫȵ˵㣡
޼ʥصˣ㲻þ޳Ķ֡޳ɲͶָùϵ£һСŮһͶ·ǳŮ޳ôܹӲˣ
ο޳֮ǰһˣν˰ﵽף޳̾˿Ůǰʵôˣ
ҵſǳ𣿡
Ӧˣ޳һۣſȨͲƸȻˣ
޳̶ֳȵ˵ſȷʲô
ЦЦ˵Ȼ󣬵Ƕ˾Ͷ˰ɣҲûʲôô
ģ
Ŀ޳޳һۣᶨ˵Ȼģ㵽׷ʲô飿
һ޳뿪˵һ飬Žһʱ䣬ƺľ޳еĿ࣬ÿ˵һѣ޳²ۣôǿʵΪʲôã
˵֮Ѿվ޼ҵǰ棬Ŀ޳˵ѵҲҪҵǮȢؼңҷǳĸ㣬С檻˻ҶҪ
޳һΣһʱ便ʲô


2063 ׼
ۿʪ죬۷ΪȻᱻһȺͨ۸ҪǴ޼ʥأһᱻЦҪǿ֮ǰԼͬҲᱻ˵ġֻĿ޼ʥжô
һǰ޳ҧ˵ÿ˶һｫſҲһͼı
Ȼװһӣһ޳ŷǷ־ٶȻ䡭
İɣҾԲôģ޼ʥصˣȫȥʹ
ȻΪ롭ǰԼ޳ԭɱ˸ж죬ɿһ޳˵ǣҾôȥҲ޼ʥص˰
޳ε̾˿ԼȻô˵ģ˭ֱӱݵģʱԼʵԶ˵Լõöࡣ
޳Ҳģ˵Լ˽޼ʥأν֪֪ˡ
㻹Ǻһ޼Ұɣкܶˣһϲġ
ãӵһߣԺӾԵÿģһҲԵñȽ֡
޼ң
ȻոսĿ粻ãҲףܹƵһ壬һźǿʵ֮ǰһֱ޳ˣûں޳ʵϸһƲŷ֣ԭͨʵȻﵽ۷壬Լࡣ
˵ͷ޳˵Ǿˡ
û¡
޳΢΢һЦӢӺŵЦݣһ·ϼöЩԾ޳㣬Լ֮ɫʱڣ˵ôˣһըûҸ˧ҾȻЩĶ
޳ǰ·Ӻ޳а̾˿ȷģ֮ǰôӡܲأ
޼޴ļԺ֮󣬶ʱĿɿڴ˵ң

ô󣡡
޳ͷӲ˼˵ȥɡ
ر޳ͽԺ֮Сʱ賿˯˯û޳ŪĶ
޳ȱķ䣬һǺķӣһǺӵķӣҲǺȻ˵һŮס˵ķҲ㣬޳㽫ںķ䡣
һа׵֮޳Żص䣬һֱһֱ
ûгţһ˯ʵվ濴ȥһȺվԺм䣬źķ䣬ǿһ㡣
аҶ͹Ÿ衣
ι˵ڸʲô
꣬Ů
޳ǰͲСĹܼңԼ첻ˣ۷ŹǸ䡣
޳΢΢ü֪ĳȷǳڣЩôţδҲ̫޼˵ˡ
οԼĿˣɿһĶЩ˵ѵû¸ˣΪһŮ˾¶ֱ飬ҲǹҪġ
ƺ޳Ż򿪣¶һϸ죬ɫֻŵĿ޳˾վ棬˿Ŵ򿪣߳
㡭·
ǰɫͨ졣ź·Ȼĸͷ纣ΧȴԶԶ硣
ʵɽڲţ·Ҫˡ
һ˲䣬޳оԼӿѪʱЩΪʲôᶢˡ
ϾԼĿˣôأ޳ת컯ԼΧˣæǣ˵һòãһŮ
޳еԾǣҶ͹ŸȻҲУҲ±Ů˿
Ҷ䡣
Ÿ衣
޳طŭ˳ȥСè͹Ȼ΢Цȴɢſµơ
ÿ£
Ⱥв֪˭ô˵һ䣬Ȼɫ˲رѿΪŮ΢ЦĿ
ǸλС㣬ǿЦġ
ϵɱûʧŵæŮ˾һ˵ˣһҪȥѲߣһˡ
˵꣬Ķӡ
ǸҲҶүŵǼɣҲһˡ
ܿ죬һ֮УЩ˷׷뿪ֻʣҶŸ޳ˡ
޳һԼµȻŮ˵󣬲Ҳã˭Ҷ͹ŸҲЩ֮أ
ɨɨŮٺԱһ£аԸ̾ҲѹҶ͹Ÿˣ֮Ĳ໹ġ
һ޹ĿǰҩζĿռ䣬һҲԾ޳˵ҵ·ˣҿ·ͻˣһСģǡ
ؿڱøһЩǻû˵꣬˶˼
Щ˵νСè͹ȴǳĿȻ֮⣬ҪǾҶ͹Ÿ衣
޳װ֪飬Ҷ͹ŸõӦеıӦ˵Ȼûͺŵ·ȴһȹһʱٳȥ򣡡
ͷ޳޳ԼסŮ˵Ŀ⡣
Сè΢΢ü⺣˶ã޳ʹһŮ˻ѵԼ֮ǰ޳ˣһ鳡֣
Ҷʵ޳һ£
޳ҶӣɵһЦ֪ҶǷǳηģϾǹռ壬ռҶȻãҪ֪ҶùܵίҶ䲻ҲõƤ
Ź᲻õɫҶҲԼʲô飬̰ڳһӡ
Сè˵ŪһŮˡ޳òҪǼҹŸˡ
ŪһŮˣصȻǸϣ޳а̾ѵһӣӲ񰡣
ӡ֮У޶ĻӶӦһ˼£ǰ޳Щ˶Ǻ
޳֪Լϴνˣ߲ԼͽŮ˴Сè溣˵ǲҪ˵ҲҪ룬ҺһϵûУֻǿʱѣȹʱ䣬޼ʥص֮󣬾ͽͻȥ
޼ʥء
ĸ֣˶ʱɫһĿ޳ô벻Ȼ޼ʥصˡ
޳ľ˳鱾ûбҪڵġЩ޼ʥصɫǳ֣ǹ޳޳һë
ҲͰˣΪʲô޼ʥصˣ
СèȻû뵽޳е뷨Ϊ޳ǿƯѡأ
Ҷ˽޳޳ʱɫʱ޳ʲô˼΢΢ͷ޳һĿ⡣
޳ΪŮ˻ǺͺһദǢʵȴŮ˳Ĵк֮⣬ȫԼҪȥ·һһεҪ


2064 ±ϵ
ǲǲϲҰ
·ϣͻȻ޳·ͻȻһ㡣Щʧ۾·Ķһʱ䣬޳ȻЩа̾û뵽һȻܹŮ˵˼
Ҫοٲ˽ŮҲŮ˵ʱĺͼжأҪ־ӦùֹŸҶˣ˭ǰûС
뵽ˣ޳Ҳ鲻ԽҪǰؿһۡúķôһԱȣ˲ͷж
һĭԼסȻһСᣬǼȴס̶Ѩ֮С޳ŬԼ֮䱣ֹϵҲԶ»һ·Ҳػ˺ܶࡣ
ʱǾҡ
޳һа̾ԼûбֳѲԼ뷨ȫˣ
޳鲻Խ˵Ǹ
۾Ŀ޳ѯʵ㱧Ǹʲô
㲻˵ҡ
û˵㣬˵ǡ
ָΧˣкԳЩ˵ȷܶģ޳ҲôΪģüԼ󣬴뿪ɾʱͻȻһ
վס
޳̧ͷˣϵϢеŤԾ˲⣬޳Լ뷨ʱһ
˳õϵĴŴȴ˸е棬һ鲼ڼϣƤ̤Ű׹ƳɵЬӨӨĹͷһغǿĸо
۾ǿһˣһ¶µıʱǾȻ¶޲еЦݡ
û뵽ˡ
˵ٴγ޳ȥ򲻹ֻǵĺˡ
޼ʥصˣȴǵĳƺȻ໥ʶ޳һϢ޼ʥزûǣΪʲô
޳ڼʶ޼ʥصǿ˵ͿԼ࣬ɾԼôȴɲȷԼĶ֡
С˵¸磬ô
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˽˵ǿܣƺڼԻ
ŶһӦȻ̧ͷ޳зǳţ˵棬ˡ
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ҲرСè졣
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Ҳ·󣬾һֻ񱩵ޣȻ˵οҲҰġ
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ΪС𣿡
½Ŀ⿴޳Ȼɢź⣬һ߶޳һŶĴ𰸡
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ϼǰԼʩչ似ҲûдﵽЧ
ͫһ϶ʱһȭףȭ״޳ӭ޳һȭ
Ҫ
ȭ׿Ƕǿı˵ȭױǿߵĹǻƳɣЩĶҲرұĽӵչԷǿ
֮ǰԼĸ˵´ȭ֮󣬾ҲҳֿȭͶս
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˽³һʮ׶ĴӣΧ׷Χ֮ڶݣرǾԱߵķݣֱӲ̮
ϰɫɶֵÿһܹǵģֻܹһ԰̾λү̣һ·ɣǧҪҼҾӪСŪ


2065 ͨ
޳ջԼȭͷĿŶ£ʱĶҲûֿζǴ͵ĿԼ֣һŵı顣
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޳˵ǻȥɣ
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²ûм˫ĿɢĿ޳޷ʵʵĵסԼĹȻԼûȥȫ
߳һľ룬Χ˶ף֪Ǳ߷ʲôʱ޳ȴͻȻͣؿڣһںɫѪ³ɫʱһƬ԰ססĵ˵ôˣ
ʱˣҷؼҡ
޳˵Щ˺ܴľҲǵһκ޼ʥؽ֣ˣ޼ʥص˹ǿԼôȴûд
ڱ濴൱޳ӲģӲ˵˭
޼ʥأ졣
޳ɫæϵĻͣڣ޳˵ȱˣȵ޼ңתһЩҾͽҪ֪㡣
ȻûĿ磬ȴĺɵ֮ǰо޳ԼؼĿģڿ˹Ķ£ټʵҲܹµóڼеı֮У޳ܻ
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ڣ޼ҵˣ޳ſڣְ˽ŵĽ޳ӹȥѸ̧Ժ֮Уȥ֪ͨҶ䡣
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Сèζ޳壬ȴһЧûС
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ڿᣬԼһﵽ۷Ҳʮ֮ڵ顣
ô飬һ˿µĹȴ뵽޼ʥغĿҵĹϵ
ῴ仯ɫһ˿ǡռұϾɱ޷ңСѵܶ࣬а˸ΪҪ࣬ı졣ǰȻҲ࣬޼ʥصˣԼҪҪ
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ͣ黺޳֮У޳䶯ȫȥ
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ҵֱ޳ԪصȼȻԼҩԡ
ܹᲢûдﵽ򾳽磬ҲףһʵĵԼıԴ㲻޳ûоȺãҲΣա
뿪ֹȴ˵һԷģȻԾȻ޳ûаңʹǾԲ˺Լģ
ῴ˵ѣǵ˵ͷ˵ˡ
ḧ޳ദ⻹һκôĽӴ뵽ˣ˲úͮͮԽԽ΢Ϊ㣬һâɢâ޳ȫУͷŵ޷͸â
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أ¶һ𾪵ɫû뵽޳ǿȾȻ֮ᣬԼ޳Űȴ޳һӰ춼ûУȫɿ޳ıһ˵Լ˾޴ͱըˡ޳ϣԼͨ裬ǵܹԼУƺܹոࡣ
ôܣ
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ӦÿˣˣϵҲﵽ۷ˣһ𣿡ŵʵ
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Ҷ͹Ÿ٣֮󣬷޳ڴϣɫƽȣһ㶼ûйܼ˵ֿӡ
˻һ·쭻ǵ˹ܼһۣȻʵŮ˵׷ʲô


2066 ţ
Ὣ˵һ飬ֻ˵Լ֪飬⣬޳ΪʲôˣӦ
ȻһΪ޼ʥصݣù޷Ρ
ԴҶҲֻܿЦһΪҲ޷Ͼڹ
޳ѾָҶ俴˹ŸһۣԹŸ˵ҰŪѣѹӦûʲôɣ
ŸҶʻʱѾ޳ܶ飬޳涼ģֻϢѡ
Ÿķʽܼ򵥣һֱۣ޳ʱѾ˯ˣȫûһϢĺ˲ͨ޳壬ñε޳˲۾鲻Խ໴
ǰЩˣ˵˭ô⣡
˲ĿҶ䣬Ÿ衣
ιιǿɱôû
޳Ҷ䣬˵֪㶯֣һָʹġ˵Ÿϵ˺ܴĽȥʵġ
˵һͱˣΪŷԼ֮⻹һԼˡ
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˵ĵĵطͻȻͣ˵Ҳ֪ΪҲûм޼ʥ֮һ˵е񹬣ס֮еȫǿߣЩ˱޼ʥصĹߡ
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Ҷ͹ŸʱԼͷųǿϢǰ˵ʲô
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һ̾濴ȥһһɫ·ɴŮվ棬֪ԼòȻҲôϲԼǺǰŮȣȲ࣬ϵʣԼˡ
˿ǸŮӣʱ˿ԭˮ¹İѩʲô
޳أ
ѩ˶޳֮Уɵøеһ˿ɻ󡣴ʱ޳ڴɻӣæ˵ǰѩ𣿡
ѩ㣡
һ̾ˮ¹䣬޳ôƺѰ·
˸еȵһĻˣѩûֻ¶ŭݶѣɴڵ֮ȫ
ѩıָ˸еԾ޳ô˵ˣȴһ㷴ӦûУⲻĬƺ
ѩҲ֪ЩЩʲôֻЩ˵ע֮£رĲ޳˵ҵķʰ𣿡
޳Դ֮ǰһֱðѩסںķ䣬û뵽һû취ֻסӵķ䡣
ҲûпӵķʲôӣԺӵԸӦرңɵ˴򿪷֮ȴķһǱߵıҲȫƽǴûʹùһ㡣
ѵƽʱ˯
ڼҵʱ򣬵ȷûп˯
䣬ѩ⣬һţĽżΪģеĶ濪ʼ¶˲併ͣеĶڱİ֮»Ȼһ£ɵࡣ
Сèܲˣ˵ȳȥɣðѩڷúʰһ¡
Ҳͬ飬׷뿪
۷ǿߣϵ˳뻯
͸עŰѩг˾֮ɫ޳˵ѲѩĹˮ¹ˣ


2067 
ֱ˵ѩݣ޳ҲȽϾȣʵ޼ʥ˵ˮ¹
ˮ¹ʵҲرǿƺһǿߡ
޳һһҲ֪һ£ǰ˪ʵʹﵽ˵زʵȻҪȸǿ󣬴ﵽ񾳽Ҳǲܡ
ԼԵĻ󣬹ڰ˪ģѵǾˮ¹Ūģ
޳ԼʱȻ񣬲ɵ΢΢ãа̾ᣬҺ˵Ȼ顣
˵Щʲôȴоһ飬վվסˡ
ۿӽҪᵹһ˫ȴסԼͷһ޳ڵĵԼʵôˣ
޳վ޳ɿ˵ҲûʲôڸƵʱʹ̫ղŻûз֣ͻȻȫʧе㲻Ӧ
ȻطϢ
޳˵طȥ鿴һ壬ȷûʲô󰭣ֻĹȶѡ
ú޳˳ȥû뵽ѩվԺ֮С
޳΢΢֮ɻʵôվ
ѩ˵㣬վѵȥ㣿
ѩ˵仰ʱɫʱ޳һۣĵ˵ȻոĿ粻ãɾԲֲῴʱˡ
޳һΣ̾ʲôʱҺ֮ʲô鶼ûС
ŰѩȻɴס۾Ǹ޳һڿԼĸоԼ˵ĬʱԽָоԽԡ
ʲô𣿡
޳ʵ
ѩ˿·ڸл޳⣬޳˹֣ȻԼķ֮С
ֻǺͨĴкѣˮ¹֮ô޳˵ȴǷǳĲһ㡣
޳зǳŰѩɻ̾Ѳɰѩڹң
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ѩ޳Щ֣ɵЩ˵ôˣ
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޳һ˵ǺͰ˪һ־ٵͷ˵ҷģԲ˵ȥ
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޳ûлش𣬽˵֮ǰͿˣ֮ǰƺѾʶʦˣ鼸һܵ飬ʦҲ뿪ˮ¹ģ˵ǵʱҲʶһЩ졣
޳˿ûзһЩرҪĶʱʾ޳˵˵˵ʲôֻҪʵ˵˪
ʵҵ֮ǰѾҵˣʱ֪ҾϣҪҴˮ¹ΪǵһԱ
仰Եø⼤֪޳һţɵڶΪʲôͬ޳޳˵ԭ˪֮ǰԼ뷨һ
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޳һ˪ôȴ԰˪ûһ㱧Թ˪ͽܣҲһԡ
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Ҫ뿪ִʱȴܵϣȻˮԪأһΪˮԪصղڰѩۿƣԼȴԶԶѷɫڰѩֻˮԪأԪҲһ
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԰ѩĺ֮ɫ޳䳡
ﵽ޳̶ֳȵˣȻҪ䳡ֶ۷ǿս˵һ䳡һҲܹƻϿ֮⣬䳡ϲûӹ󷨡
ﲢֻ޳Ͱѩˣ֪ʱСè͹Ҳߡ
޳ε̾˿ⲻǸԼ鷳
ѩվ޳ǰ˵ʼɣ
Ӳûжɵ˲ͱɺ;һ㣬ڰѩߣԪۣȻûͷų׼
ôһƶ޷ƶܹסҵĹ𣿡
޳һʹӰȭΪս似ӰȭɴΧƻھ޴֮£۷ǿҲԽͷŵ⣬Ҫһý顣
޳˵Ȼѹ˴似ʱʹӰȭֱ绢
ΪԼӮ˵ʱȴѩжĶܼ򵥣ǻ˻䣬ϵģ޳ȭͷ
һ޳룬˲䣬ӴˮԪмı㲻ǰѩ޳
ˮԪض۵ϣ޳ȭͷײȥֻ¡һӽǶ˶ѣ޳ȴֱӵɳȥ
ôܣ
˾޴ˮԪؾ޳ûаܹӶɶˮ˵ȴ硣ȻѾﵽ۷壬޳Ųѷɫڰѩ
ѵǾĲࣿ
޳ϸ룬ַ뷨ʶԼҪѧϰյĶӦþһ֮У뵽ˣ޳վ壬˵


2068 
޳Կ϶ԼҪ׷ѰĶǿĪơ
һѩҲЩϾôСķΧ֮ڣʹóǿ޳սͬʱҪԼеΪѵĵط̾˿ߵˮԪٴηۣ˲Ĺٴλصʼ״̬
޳ҪľӣǰİѩΪѩδԼˣս⣬˿ǳ¡
ǳãѩǰ
һŰһʩŰḶܼ́򵥿۰ѩ޳Ϊ˶Էϵ۷

СèҲȥˣԹ˵޳ôңոպõʲôɣ
Ҳǲ뵽⣬һ˵һսҲףһȷ޳ƺѰʲô
ûһѰٺѧϰﵽ޳־磬ûʲôЧõİ취ǲϵѧϰµ

һѣ޳Ѿؿʼˡ
ʱȥѩظսҲЩľɵ޳ӵϻλƵվɫһ䣬Ҫʹս۵Ԫ˲ʧ徹ǳָܲɶˡ
ˣ
ѩ˵ÿ˶һô̬ҪһϢĻɣ
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ѩ΢ƽϢһ£ʵ޳˵Щʲôô
ôԺսʱܹˡ
޳ڵϣϿյķǣĽ־ϵƺܹϵǺӶϿ
ѩûǳԼķȥԼ֮У޳֮ս⿴ĵսȴǳܵԼЩɫ΢䣬а̾ô£
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Ůϵɲã֮ǰǺöˣûԵų⡣²ûг֣ҲûҺ޼ʥصĶ
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޳ɻ󲻽˵ǸʲôŻ𣿡
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޳һʵʲôˣ
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ʱ޳ദԼҲñȽǵĳƺֱ˵޼ʥء޳޼ʥصĶԹرǺԼģûһ㶯ҡĸоΪԼ޼ʥصˣ޳Լĵˡ
޳֮ȻûŮ֮飬˵ʵͦϲģһϲ
޼ʥ˵ʱûиеΪ˶ĽţǿʵҪˣ

޳Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôʱҲ׷׳ϳ˲ᣬҲҲ޷ֹ
ۿ΢죬С޳˵һμܾڱֳˣպǿܾͻΪˡ
õģǲ˺ģ
޳˵һһҪתңԶΪŮˡ
ܵ޳ǿϢڣȻ֣ʱ޳ദȴδڲ֪䣬޳ʵȻô࣡
ȥĻ
ţͻȻһϤϢ˷ܵתͷȥ
ҲܵǿϢʱüͷһ壬˳ϢķȥֻһСڵ㲻ϵر󣬺ܿǰ
ǺЦݳǰ˵С㣬ҵĺÿడ
˵ͷ˵Ҳ㣡
Լһ·ܵί뿪ȥϵģȴ̲ס۵һ˳һ۷ǿߣǰȴһܵίС
ûû£ڲֻҪû˸۸㣡
ϰοһɳܶӣɵһۣǺͰҲչ¶һ˿ɱ
һ˿ɱ˵ѵһһʯͷݺݵ档Ϣʵ̫ǿˣҪ˵ܹͽ࿹ˣ޳ʶ֮УҲֻа˪ܴﵽֵز
ˡ
ɱظ˵ˣ
ЩѣҲŻôġ
¶ЦݣʹʱҸȣ֮ǰܵίʲô
ƾ仰ϾϿһȺˡ
Ͽ޳˵ȻСô˵ôʱлˣǰ֮󣬶Ȼٴǰл
޳˵ͷϺܿ뿪ˣ뿪ıӰһ꣬뿪һ˲ͻɵˣͬҲϵǿʵ޳֪ĿŰ˪ǿߵĻֻ»ΪһϣĿǿ߶Ըˡ
뿪֮ʱصؿһۣԺӵĴţ޼ңѵǸ޳ʲôϵ
С㣬һ飬ղźվһǸˣǲǽ޳
ڽ֪޳ֲе֣Ͼ޼ʥصôǳأ޳ɢˡ
˵ͷ˵޳ҺܺãĻֻ¡
ϵ˵ͷҲֺµı飬˸еͻȻһ˿Цݡ̽Եѯʵǲǿ޳ˣ
һ㶣漴Ӧɫͨ˵ϣ˵ʲôҪ˵ĻҾͲˡ
ʲôõģ츳ôǿĿܼƾҲҪ޸ˣ鳤һͬġ
ȤĽϣҲ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôһͷšȥԽ˵Ҫ˵ĻҾĲˣ
ϹЦ˵ɲܲң֪ģҪϲǰţҲҪȥ޼ʥأȻϲˡ
޳˵ȷܺãֻڹս֮С
ɲҪˮҪǿ޳飬ӦұҲһܹ赲ס硣
ͷ˵İɣұϾ޼ʥصˡ
ϵ˵ͷǰǷʮ죬ȴԳܶһп
һߣߣ˸УҶͻȻһ飬ʵ޳˵ûзǵ󷨶һöûУӿзţôɾͽ֮Уƺûио󷨵һ˿
ûǿʵֻǳʦ֮⣬ûܹ
ѩҲǣ۾޳˵Ĵ


2069 ɱͬ
Ĵ
ѩ˵仰޳ǽһίʲôԼĴ޳һΣԼʲôû
ŷʶˣһ˳ԾĴǸǶֻ֣Ҳû赲֮
һ˿ûڸǵɱҲһ£޳û˵һ˵һ仰Ŀܾһ޴ѡ
Ҳ޳Ĵ޳һίĿŰѩ̾˵ѾˣҲѩ޼ʥ
Űѩ̬ȣ޳һ飬ˮ¹Ȼ޼ʥΪУǺ޼ʥ֮ĹϵҲһ㣬ǳ⣬һԼԺúһ¡
ѩ˼޳ɻʵʲô
ûʲô
˻صȻ޼ʥѾˣʱ֮ڣͻῪʼף޳ӵеʱ䲻ˡ
޼ʥص֮ס
޳ʵҶ䣬ʱҶһֱڴ̽飬ڹҲ˽Ĳˡ
Ҷü˵ϼҲûطȥˡ
޳һֱڿ޼ʥص飬ȴϼΪ޼ʥصĿܣȻغ޼ʥ໥Ӧ
תһ룬ϼã޼ʥǱϼľ˾ˣ޹ȥԵЩ
ϼμҲû̫ĹϵĸײΣնϡ
Ҷü˵ӦòµˣºԼ֮Ǳֵܡ
޳һôһԼǳ׵ĺԼˡ
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ѩü޳˵¹شȻػʹ֪ʦһʦİš
Ҫ뿪ȴͻȻ޳˵޳ҪҪһȥ
޳Ͱ˪棬Լȥʲô
޳ɻ֮һ˿裬һ޳˵ʲôأ
ȥʦʦͬ⴫ڸˮ¹似͹츳Ŷʱ֮ڣҲž޴
ôܣһͬġ
ѩ죬˵Һİ飬㻹ˡ
޳ףԭѩԼѩƽʱģû뵽Ȼôġ
԰ѩԹ޳ֻôӦȻǴӦˣɽȴǳ˪ܿԼôܽԼΪˮ¹ӡ
޳Ͱѩصʹÿ·ЦӻʹϻһЦЦı顣޳һ飬𵱳˪˵ĻԼˮ¹ĹϵѾµˡ
޼ʥҲѾˣ޳ҲԳ·Ц˵ǰʱǰҸӲˡ
·ЦЦһ޳˵һû鷳㵹ԹˣҸ㱣ܣҪþ˾֪ÿ춼ȥķ䣬һ˵ɱ˵
޳һļ£Ҳ۷ǿߣ·ЦܹԼ˵ˡ
޳ɷǳԼҲǲû¶ٺۼ·ЦôԼġ
ҲþȣֻʹɫЩҺ֮£ѯЩ֪һİ˵ļһȥסһǺܳʱ䣬Һ֮£Ҳ뿴һǸİ˾ʲôӣû뵽㡣
ʵͲµ˰ɣ
·ЦЦЦͻȻһУ˵ǿûжֶŵķϣǲô׷Źģһһھ˾˶֮ǰɱ㡣
ѩû˵ĶԻǴԶ޳֮ĶԻһȤûС
޳Цһôһ磬޳ôҶֶţȴţΪԼŮʱ·ЦֹҲֹס
ˣ֪޼ʥصѾ𣿡
ҵȻ֪Ҳôżĸʹ
·Цü˵һο˲ˣȥˡ
䣿
ѵ޼ʥѰǱ˲ţһֱѡǿߣҲ֪Ǹʲô
ȻǺʹǧսˣ޳ȴȫⳡսصľʲôıʲôıĿ֮Уطһһˮ¹һ޼ʥء
޳ĿĿı֮ͿԻصǧˡ
Ȼֻǰʱ䣬޳˵Ƕȹ˰뱲һ㣬ӸտʼܹĿľƣеĻΣֻԼ
޳޳
·Ц޳ɵøеǳ֣ʵ޳ôˣ
ûûʲô
޳ҡҡͷ˵ûʲôֻЩѡ
·Цü̾˵ʱȻӦףȵ֮󣬾ܵˡ
޳ٺһЦһǳ·Ц˵ҲףܲΪϵѹͲˡ
Ȼ޳ȥɳ·Цȴüͷĸоǳܹĸܵ޳ԲǼ򵥵Լ֮ǰ˵Ļвɵһ𣬰̾Ѳ޳֪޼ʥΪʲôҪôǿߣ
ٴο޳ɫʱһãɵð̾һΪԼˡ
кܶ໰Ҫ޳˵ɿ޳ӣףЩ޳˵ȫһЧûУȥҶ䣬Ҷ޳⡣
䲻̾˿޳˵㻹ʲôСˮ¹İѩȼˣȻˮ¹ϵҪףˮ¹һȺŮ˳ţԸ׽
޳ų·Ца֪̾һҿᰡ
·Ц뿪ˣ޳ŰѩѩϵȷֲͷɫЦһ԰ѩ˵ѩõˡ
ڰѩͰѩǰƺѾ޳ܶΣ޳ȴһȫԼĻɶ߷磬տʼѩҲϰ޳컬ࡣ
һ޳˵ȷҵ˺ܾãӿ󰡣
˵ӣСǿ̣ɴԵĹ޳֪ĳ࣬ȻܹѩʱݣǸɰģ޳Щ
޳񣬰ѩܵĶһԼɴΪɴʧأ
ٺ٣ֲǿĳˣ˵ѩ㣬ôôñ˿Ǳˡ
ǳĵϷ֮ǰѩܹܣܲˣĵ޳˵Ҫٸ˵һ仰ɱ㡣
ɱģ޳ɫһ䣬æ˵ֻǿЦѣ档
ߣñҺڵ飬ҾЩȥˡ


2070 ս
Űѩӣ޳æͣѾð˪Լ֮ǣɲһʵԼǿ˶Լ⡣
ѩ޳Ҳûж˵ʲôֻǿ޳˵ʦƢҲ֪ģǧҪ˵
޳˵ͷ
ûϣԼҪȡһ£һԼˮ¹ˮ¹ʵӦÿ޼ʥʱãϾǵǿ޷ϵ
˪ԶԶо˵Ϣڿɵ΢΢ü˵һʲô
Ÿ֨һӴˣ뷿֮УѩȻôɴһֱŬƽ飬ȴõӡ
˪ѩģڣΪ޳԰ѩʲôǷ־ٶϵϢ뿪޳ϣ֮ǰһϢǿĿ£ֻˡ
˪޳Լѹ֮£ƴҪվֱӣɵΪԼ裬Լƨɵ޳
һ̾ԼƺЩη޳ѵһҧʮ¾Ե
οԼʱԼʵѾָֻҪΥԣܵ޳İڲԼ£ô
ǸԼ׳ȴû޳˵޳˵ôѩˣ
޳һΣԼԩ
ʦ޳¡
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˪Űѩɻ˵޳۸㣬ʲô
֮ǰ͸߰ѩ޳һ飬;ܵıԼ޳ˡ
û뵽Լոչ찲ӣ޳ħȻˡ
޳վڰѩſ˵ţҰɡ
ûֻǿͶѣɰ˪ȴܹǳ˽޳˼
ɫʱ÷ǳѿ޳ϵϢǵûм٣󼸷֡
ѩûע֮ĽǶ԰˪˵ϾҪ޳޼ʥصıˣڱ֮ǰ޳ˮ¹ˮ¹޳һܹڱ֮дʣҲúݺݴһ޼ʥص
˪΢΢üóѩΪⳡԶ޳Ӧ֪ԼĹϵԼԲӦİɣ
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ѩǲ⣬ʵʦ޳֮⣬һⶼûУʱҲʶ޳Ƕôڷܣһ㡣ȫԺӡ
ѩſһ⣬տһ⣬޳ΣڰѩԼķϣҲ
⣬Ҳ޳ˮ¹
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޳һۣ·ھ޳Ȼ󻺻˵ʵҪҪ޳˵㣬
ѩȵĿŰ˪гŵɫ˵֪޳
˪ͷ˵Ҫ޳£ڼ޳ʱӦñ̬ģȴʲôû˵Ǵ޳ܼˮ¹
޳һ̾ԼĻӰͬǵİ˪Ȼˮ¹Ĺġ
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˪԰ѩ˵ȳȥЩҪ޳˵
ҪˣҪˡ
޳¶΢Цðѩһ˲併Ͷ޳ӡΪ΢Ц̫аˣ˸ĿС
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֮ǰȣ߶ûˡ
޳ʧǳȤĻشҵװĹԹԺţһοɱϢѹˣԸһΣҾҸһΡ춼ϹϹĺҡ
˪⣬ʵвң
ٺ٣ˡ
޳Ҳûнͣǳ˵ҺΣ
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˪۵һ˵һаǺõģɱ̫Դˡ
˵仰ʱѾɱֻûͷųѡ
ټ
޳תֱ߳󷨡
˪ɫ࣬ʱҲûа취ܲڰѩǰ޳֣ɲϣѩԼ޳Ķߡ
ѩվţһ߳޳澿ʲô飿
ôˣ
ѩɻʵ
޳侲֮Ե÷ǳΪΪˮ¹飬˵㲻ܼˮ¹飬ȻôţȻĵʵǳǿ󣬶Ѿ˼ʮˡ
ʲôʮ꣡
֪ˮ¹ǿߣܻ˼ʮ꣬޳⻹ǵһμɵöȤ
һʲôˣ
֪

ѩ˵ǲ֪Ҽˮ¹ʱ䲻ûмЩˮ¹Ҳûмʶ֮УҲʦܼ
ˮ¹Ӷ޷ιһȺأ
޳ɻʵ
ˮ¹ƽʦƺֻһЩ£ʦŻʹ
޳ʱˣҲѹְ˪Ƣôأԭˮ¹֮ĵλߣ˶ҵİ
ô˵ˮ¹һǿ֮⣬ûð
ѩʱüͷ˵˵һĻҾˡ
Ȼ¶棬Ƕ˵ˮϵѾﵽľ磬ﵽ־֮ͻһ
ʲô
ʣ
ƽ֣ȴ֪Ϊβ޳ңֺԼϢϢһ㡣Űѩʵʲôʣ
ˮ¹ΪǿĹܹ֮գҵΪʸûС˵ܹʱĴڣ֪ȥδûܹ˹۾
֪ȥδĴ޳УɵøпκΣ֮ǰܹǰԤУӶΣһ仰˵ȫУ
ôܣ
޳˵仰а󣬵ˮ¹˪ԼǲǾΪԤʲôδӶԼ
ȫܣȻûмˣȴԤ֪ұܿ¼


2071 ع
޳ѩ˼ı飬ǵͷ˵ȻΪǾɣ
ѩ޳һûͬӣͣߵ˵ˣЩˮ¹˸֪ģ
ֲˡ
޳Ը̣Ҫ֪ʦҽϹ㻹˵˵ˣ
ȻҲֻѡ
׼뿪ʹȴû뵽·ϼˡ
¿޳Ҳ¶ɫ
㣡
ϼڶɻʵ磬ʶ޳
޳˭ʶ
¶Цݣһת޳ȥϼ֪޳ԼѾ˶棬ȻҲͲ̫ͬں޳ӣ޳߻һѩ֮ͫ׶ʱһСԶ˵ǧҪ֣޳ǸŮ˵ˮ¹ˣһ۷ǿߡ
һʼµĿͱ޳ϼѵĻȫ޳ǸŮ˸ˡ
ˮɴӦÿգɶ¿Űѩȴз·ֻаѩһˣԵ޳ˡ
޳üҲǣѵһϲһ
ѩ¶úܲʵ޳˵˭
£ǵҴ˵Ǹˡ
ѩ΢΢ף۾֮вɵӼ־ɫ޳ʵ֮۷徳֮кҵ޳Ķ֣ǰ˾Ȼһȭ޳ˡ
촽²˵޼ʥصˣ

Ҳֻ޼ʥص˲ӵк޳ʵȻǿ󣬿ɢðѩϢ޳ȣǺõˡ
޳û뵽ŮԵôãһҲͰˣȻ߻ˮ¹ˡ¿˵֮ǰҶʵеҶŮ˵ı£еӵľˡ
㲻Ҫ˵Һ޳ʲôûС
ѩ˵һɵתȻˡ
ϼ֪µƢҲ֪ˮ¹ʵҪǴ󶯸ɸ꣬ùֻԼ
æЦ˵ѩ±лú˵
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޳Ҫ֡ѩֹ˵
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̫鷳ͺϴһһȭʤΣ
޳ûһֻźͺ£ֱӴӦһöȫ㲻ǸʲôѲѰ·
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ѩ֪޳ͶʵĲ࣬ϴζµһѾ޳ˣΪ֮Ļ޳ôܻ
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޳˵İɣҴûаյ飬һҲҪһҪ𡣡
еڸ֮µ޳һޡ
ѩͣҲóԼ˵ʲô޳˵ȥˡֻ޳۷ʵܹ۷忹ʵӦÿԶԸ˶¡
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ǣһĿߣ˭ĿԺԼ࿹⡣
һУȻ޷ͷŵ棬˶ľ޴󲨶ȴõһζȭٶȺʵȴû˶ͣǷĿֱӴ͸޳ǿȼߵƤ޳϶˼Ѫ˿
޳ҲȻȭٶȲӦٶȴųȭ¶Ѿǰȭͷһ롣
һȭû˶Сȭͷײ޳û·硣¸ǰľ޴ʱɫ̾ôܣôᡭ
ʵ˽жԿǵ޳·磬ʵǿԼôأ
ţ޳ɵľˡ
޳ȭͷ֣ȻһӲڹϷ֮ȴԼüͷڴں޳ֵĽ׶Σû޳ռϷ磬֪Լлᡣ
ȷҵҪֶܼá
޳Ҳ¶ЦڿԼ
ͰѩôĶҲǰģȻʵսĻԼɴ򲻹£֮¡
ʵ൱á
ѩһԿ˵Ķر޳ãɵøеǳԾȻԼδ޳ôǿʵΪʲôһϤĸоŬ룬Ҳ벻Լ޳ʹһˡ
ԼȻϲΪ޳Լ԰ѩʽںԼʩչ似֮УȻŴȵڱ˿ȫĲ
ҪȫóһҪԪصĳգ޳ûдﵽ̶ֳȣѾﵽˮϵ۷壬ܹӳһЩҲһ޳͸ҺͶ࿹⡣
޳ͷǳǿڵ״̬ȷ٣ûзӳΪǿ
һˮԪضȻתɽԪأ޴ӿ޳·۳һ޵ĻӰ½Ԫʮ㣬޳ǳ۴͸ԪغͽԪȣϾѷɫ١
޳ת֮֮ǰ޳࿹Ķ£ʱ·磬ȭʱ͸޴Ʒɣڻʹ̵ĵҳһ
ϼҲ۾º޳ʵ޳ôǶµĶ֡ͫһ̾ôܣѲ޳ھʱʵ
һʱ䣬η壬ֻźͼʣӿͷ޳ǳ鶯ţȴʲô˵
޳ת԰ѩ˵߰ɣ
ѩҲסˣ޳֮²Żعɫ޳޳ͬʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ڵĽ֡
´ӵǱ޳ıӰһ׹⡣


2072 ѱ
һ·ϣѩҪ޳ɶû˵һֱ޼ң޳ͣϢŲתͷ԰ѩ˵ѩ㣬ǲʲôҪ˵
ʾ飬޳˵˺üΣ޳ûһ㣬һ·϶ɲԼѰѩùǺڿ޳ѯԼѩһ˵ûʲô
޳Цһæ˵Ҹղڻ֮ǰһȻЧѾҾһøõģ
ѩһæʵ˵֮ǰһ㲢ûзȫ
޳ҡҡͷ˵ʱĻǷӳȫˣȴûУҾںӲӲĶԿֱܹӰˣڶʱ֮޷в
ѩȻ仰˼޳ڻ·ʵַԼһ·ûʲô
޳оѩǳ죬Լǿһ࣬ǿһ޳Цһ԰ѩ˵ңҵʵǿ츳ٺãҲܼˮ¹
ѩ̾һ˵ô飬ʦһ㣬ǹѾˣʦҲô
޳ףֻǲ׵ԼǸӰԼĴĻˮ¹в
ʡ
ҹɫʣ޳̧ͷǿգ̾Ҽˮ¹ǾܹѧϰһѧϰǾͿ֪ȥ
޳ԽԽĶͬʱеǳɣĻôǿĹ
̾˿ʱԺˮ¹һʱǲˣܹľǴӮⳡԼģֻҪõ֧֣ӻʹôǿߣ޼ʥصҪҲһ׵飬ȻֻҪԼʱ䣬ʱܹԼʵμˮ¹顣
ţͿˡ
޳ϲȥʹ˽ᣬоϸӵѹӿ֮Уֻܹƽľ
һμȥһϢûУۿĿ޼ʥصıʼ˶ý
֮ǰҶ仹ܹ޳߰޳ǿ޼ʥأҲûа취һȫѹ޳ϣһپ٣һ
޳ˡ
Ȼص޼ʥص֮УȴҲǾ޳޼ʥصĳ谮֮£·ֱ֮ǰǸǵС
ԴӾֱСèҲ˲Ҫ֮·ǳһҲ¶ĴһҲвǡ
޴硣
͵ȷҪ޳Сһ㣬Ҳ͸Լ޴ˡ
ˡ
޳æӭȥ˵˰ɡ
ȷ˵˶ûУЩ˷·𶼷ǳңΨһһҺ˵ˣ춼ǽ飬ĺ÷˰
޳Ŀ˵飿
Ϻ۵Ķ޳ɲ޳ǰ˵æЦ˵ûʲôֻǽ϶¶ѡ
޳ȡЦ˵ļҵĹҪǱ㿴ϣⱲӿɾˡ޼ʥصŮ˭ҵ
΢΢˵㻹ȡЦң
޳ƺбĻҪ˵Ҳͣ˿ЦѯʵһİɣϾϾҪʼˣҲ˵ɣʲô飿
Ҹ绹ûǡ
֪
ǰɻˣ̾һ˵Ҹ粻Ӧûûеﾩǣ֮ǰѾˣ·̰һ㣬ҲᵢôʱġղŽ϶˵ܵҸϢˡ
ϸܵϢⲻǴѾ
Ҷɫһ䣬һ·϶Ҫһ鲻ɣΪΪһĵǣû뵽Ȼ͵͵Ǳ
ңǰһɣ޳ɻ˵ǣΪʲô᲻ȥҽϣȶ
ҸԸôһжжһйء
޳һΣҺԼȻ໥ģҲòŶ
Ҹⲻǰ㵱ɶֱ֣㡣
˽ң޳ӣæ˵Ҹ粢ǰ㵱˵ˣԶŵˣҲ²ԵǶ£ʱ㲻þڶ
޳һ󣬴֮ǰº˵ҵʱ޳͸о˹ϵҺͶ֣νǽϼǿ޳Ҳ֪ӦôӦԡ
Ͷ֮Ĺϵô
ǳãҸѾﵽ۷ľ磬δͶ¼棬Ȼ˵ĹϵǳãҲп˼ʹһȻʵСǸ˱ɱ
кȻҪɱԼѣֻֻҲóĿУ·һǳѰһ顣
Ҳ֪Ҹʲô飬֪֮̾ͨˡ
޳ͷ˵Ǹǻǻ㲻붯Ǿǣû˻˶η塣
޳˵ķǳȻʵвûеһԼ鷳ҪǰǱͶŰѩͰ˪ڱ֧֣ܿ޼ʥصڣô޳Ķ֡
ˣ˵ЩˣȻ޳ͱˡСèһߣο˵޳һۣİһӡϲ˵ɶˡ
һ
ϵĵɫûϾ磬ֻ֪ҵʵ
ˣҪ׼ôˣ
ЦЦ˵Сè׽㣬㲻ӦңҪѯ޳ҵΪԶԶ޳֮ϣ޼ʥصĹ似ôأ
Ҷͷ˵ȻΪʱһᾡΪ·磬ָ飬ҪǼ
Ȼ
ɢǿߵϢһп޼ʥصʵϾͿɼһߣҪԶԶĿ磬޳ֵĻһûĶ֡
ﲻ̫ͣʱ䣬Ͼ͵͵ģ޼ʥص˲֪޳ҲȻ޼ʥص˲ûֹɲǲ֪رԽϵʵʶΧ֮ڷʲô᲻ȻǾĬиûнԼ˵һ֡
޳˵ҶȽСèСҶңǹռңһǿߵı£һЩӱºֵҲ޼ƿʩ
ŸҶ˵ͷʵҲд⣬ǵ˵İοǵ˻޳ĺˡ


2073 ϼҵͼ
СèԸɾʱͻȻܼҵ޳ʹü鶼ڹܼ˪ǴΣһҪĴԼҿ˪ʱεӣԼ޼ҾԻᱻŲɡ
Դˣ޳еŭܼ˷ܵӣѯʵʲôˣЦôġ
˺ãЦԽԽ˵к·
ܼҲ˿޳Ļǽȥ˵˺öҪȥӼأ

ܼҵͷ˵ȥ֪ˡ
ԼӣܼȻ²ɳ綼û޳˹ܼһۣһϵЦݸӶˡ
޳վҶ޼ҵĴã޳ǰļˣȫĳԾˡ
Ҷհճǣ⼸ڼǰСվߵˣɶ۷ǿߣһÿһͲСʵǿ
ǡ
޳ȵ˵ôǿߣǿô
ףô°
ҶһЦҶ˵ô㻹ֹؼʱ̣ûмǿôУҺ͹ͷһԽԼѾˡ
Ȼ⻷޳ģҶԼӵǳ⣬УҶĳɾҪ޳
ȻָҶҶĹףҶ䱾츳
۷ǿߣ
޳ﵽ۷壬СҲǲһܲˡ
޳СѰϴκ滹ûüкأ
ҶүӺǺЦ޳һۣ޳ʱоԼͨ͸Ϊʶûж⣬޳Ҳν
ǡ
ôҶͷ
ǿ쿴޳
˶޳һɴ۾ϾȻķΣõүӶֱֽ˵Ȼˮϵﵽ۷״̬һ˼ǧʱɲŵһ
ˮϵҲǣ
ҶүӳԾ˵ֻˮϵϵҲǡţҶվ
ҶȻҶҵļԼ汲ǲҲӣɻʵүӣҸʲô
㲻˵޳ӵн𣬻𣬷ϵʵôֳһˮϵ
ҶЦһҶһۣҶȻ֪ģȻһ㶼ûиԼ͸¶Ǹ첲գ
Ҷүӵɣô죬ֻܿЦһĬĬҶүӵְ
ͻȻζһ£ߵүӣ˵үүҲһ£޳ϵǲҲﵽ۷״̬
㲻˵δʹùϵôܻᡭ
үҲ˵һ룬ʱͣ˿ɫʲôû˵Ҳ
ȫϵ۷壡
ĸֶʱ˵ըһŵӡ
û뵽ţ
ҶүӸпһ˲ڣоˣԼҲˡ
ϼһҲôоģϴο޳ʱ޳һϵߣҸոմﵽڣȻ֮޳һϵߣȫﵽ۷״̬ٹһʱ䲻޳Ҫﵽ۷壬һΪԪľ磬ҪԶԶǡ
Ǹеһ㱯˵ͬʱҲͬʱңԼˣĻûؼʱվ޳ߣʧһôĿɽ
ѩûк޳һ𣬶ǰʹȥͰ˪飬ոջص޼ңܵ˶ǿϢЩϢ޳Χס֪ĻΪЩв޳أ
ѩʱɫæ԰˪һźţӻûһƬѩ֮С
˸ܵһ۷ǿ߳˽һɫǻΪߣҲʱͷųϢʵ׼ˡ
Щ۷ǿ֮޳ΪǿǸܵϢ໥ײæֹ˵֡
һȻûʲôãѰҵϢײһ㣬ȻȻͷųԼϢ޴Ϣ˫ɫע޳ϣȻҲ޳Ǿ仰
ѩѩ֮¶ΣȻ˿ӣҲһɫӸտʼ⣬ڵĳɺͳԾ
ˮ¹
Щ벻޳Ȼܹ뵽ˮ¹ˡ
ѩЩ˵ӣʱЩ˵ݣЩ΢΢ͷ˵ظλʮǰɣ
ҶүӸæ˵ǰֿɲҵҶ۷ʵʹˮ¹һλϵĵӣ
ҶүȻˮ¹֪٣Űѩ֮ɢĹâԼе
ѩŲʣ˵ǰ˪ĵӡ
˪֣һˣ˷ܵʵ˪ڻ𣿡
޳˵ɵ󣬸æڻѩΣʵλǰѵʶ
Ȼʶ˵İ˪ڵĽ߳ǧ򣬶Ҷʮﵽ۷壬ʵڶԲʲôڵڣͬ͵򾳽綼ûдﵽأ
ҶүӸæ˵
үԵЩҶү˵ԵͰ˪ϵõӺòãûкͰ˪˵һ仰һǳ˽ӡ˪ǲ٣ǺҶͷһϵûУҵͰ˪֣Ǳɱ⣬ǾҲɥǿʽ
ȻҲʶ˪˵֮Ҳ뿪ˣΪͻȻʶԼѾˣȻ˪Ҳǡ
ǰ˪ֻ»ԶΪеǵˣϾںһʱڵ֮١
ѩ˵Լʦӣɵñɫ֮һƬ⣬ϵɱ·ʱ³
ЩǶڰ˪
޳ɵипЩ֪ڵİ˪ԼҪԼһϹǿ˪δĵգֱӿ˪ˣЩ˻ἤʲôӡ
ѩǰɣǾԲǶ԰˪Ĳֻôʱδ֪һ㣬˪ðɣ
ߣҵȻãҺõúܡ
˭ûвڰѩͻȻһɫĶһɢϢͰ˪һģһ
ôᣡ
ɫٴη仯Ϊ˪ˣǶ԰˪ʵе𾪣Ȼͬ򾳽磬ɰ˪ʵ֮ǿ󣬾ڳ֣Ҳ֪ܲ赲ס˪һ
û뵽ЩҲ޳ܺãҪһҵ飬ֲ
˪˵֮һԶɢ
˪Ѿﵽ־ˣ
Щ˴ʱĵȻ˺Ͱ˪ͬڣ֮ĲȴԽԽͬһ޴ĺ蹵
Ҷүӿ޳ղŰ˪վ޳һߣ޳ȻǱǳ޴󣬿ôˮ¹Ѳɴʱ޳ʵѾˮ¹Ϊˣ


2074 Ӱʿ
޳⼸ϼһעӣԽԽо죬Щϼһƺʲôˡ
æ˵Һˮ¹ûʲôϵȻˮ¹ģȴ˪ܾˡ
⻰ҲǱȵĹǺ޳츳Ҫˮ¹ˮ¹˵ҲӦ֮ãȻܾˣѵΪˮ¹еӵԵ
˲ɵ÷ǳǵӡ֮Уˮ¹Ӧûôظ
Ҫ޳Ҫڳκμ壬Ǹһ֮ãǳˣ۸ʲôǶĸԸ
ˮ¹пǰɣ
˿޳Ҷүȿ˵ô˵˪ˣôˣ
޳ǰЩ߳ȵ񣬲ɵð̾һ˪أЩﶼ֪жˣȻڵ
˪ˣǶʮŮһ㡣޳ʵشȻж԰˪ûа뷨ɿЩеŽԼϹŮˣоǲˬ
ʵشҲЩԼͰ˪Ĳ࣬һ꣬һò绨һԶ뷨
ѩ޳һۣܸо޳֮дһ˿˿ζҲ֪ʲôоϾѩŮ֮£֪֮٣Դʲôо
޳Ļɵһ̾ȻˣȻ̤򾳽ʮʱ䣬ȴӱϲ޴Ĳࡣ
̾һ׷׽˼ջǿǰ޳ǵһ޳Ҳһˮ¹ӣЩ̾޳νҲ֪һ棬ǲҲܹˮ¹¡
뵽ˣ¶Ц⣬ҶҲоʶǰˡ
Щ˵ע֮£ѩоıŤ΢΢ü޳˵ǶߵˣҲͷˣʲôţ뿪ˡ
޳˵ͷ
ڰѩ뿪֮󣬹ͷֱڿ죬ѯʵ޳ǲϲѩ
޳ҡͷ˵ǰˡ
ճǺ͹հɿһհСڹүӶ˵˼䣬Ǽ˵һ޳ļŮˣһɫûѷɫڰѩģôŮ˻Ƶ޳ô׶԰ѩġ
˵֮󣬹үӵ֮и塣
Ҷæ˵ҵĻ£Ҳ˵֮ǰıԣ˸λǰ֧֣һ᲻ġ
Ҷͷ
飬Щ˶վߵģű»λǰһЩӣ㾡ǣɹǼһᱣȫ
޳ںĲǱȫԼֻҪǱ˾㹻ˡ
֮󣬱ʼˡ
ڻʹнУƽܹУҲһЩźͼļ¸֮˼С
һʢ鹤֮սͬ鹤ǳսȻۿڶ࣬ɴ壬һЩƽҪһǿ֮սˡ
Щ˵ʹ󣬻Ϊһսҫڲֻͬǲѡ֣սЩ˶Ŀ۷ĴڣЩǱչضǿߣǸ֪޳˭
Ե޳볡֮Уû䶯Ҫȳ·ЦͱСܶࡣ
ӹսϯϵСèЩ޳ΪǿΪʲô޳ĺ٣
ҪԼĲȴоŸס֣ŹŸ迴ȥŸ΢ҡҡͷʾСèҪ˵
Ⱥ֮УȻŸʵɵ˵Ϣ۳һɣŸҲη塣
ϯϵȫʮļм䣬ı֧һˡ
޳Ҳϳˡ
Щ޳ʱ۷׷ףһЩ˻֪޳ʵΪ޳ڣԶ޳ûбϣ
˪Ҳ棬Ȼλߣ˵۾֮УһԴ˵еˮ¹˼ɵ
˪Ĭ޳ɴ֮£üͷ΢壬̾ⲻ޳ԸѲзʲô飿
ɵ޳⿴һƽʱ޳ĵģӡ
Ѿﵽ˾磬Ҳ˿
ߣһǿŵģܹʸߣҵλҪˮ¹һģȻ޼ʥء
ϴڻ޼ʥصİƵЦݣڽ˿ɾͲͬˣǷ·ֻñǿ׿ˣĿȫûһֻۣп΢΢ʾ⣬˿ǾҲȫֻǷܶڡ
ϵܣóʱ䲻ˡ
æվ˵ǰҪƺǿɱˡ
ЦǺǵ£˵֮УѾһ˵ʵһţ࣬ͻʵĻֻⳡӮҾͻˡ
ͻʣ
˵˭Ҷ޼ʥ֣û°ɣ
ûã˵ܶˣֵĲˣ޼ʥصˣǴѡɱһҲû油ѡֻ֣һ͵͵ǵ˴ˡ
͵͵ǵˣѵֶ

޼ʥصЩ˳ˣԷûг޳͸ܵһϤϢǿѹ
ͷſ̨ȥһԼһսʤϢ㲻˵޳Ҳ֪Ǹ˵ݡ
ҡ
˾ңüͷһ壬еɱ¡
Ȼܹҵλá
Ҵżֿϧ˵ϧѾӦ˱˲ɱ㣬ҵһǳ˼
һܻһЩ䶯޳СһЩ
·Ц޳С˵ͬΪѡֵȴԼκϣ¶һ˿ЦŶ޳˵һᾡܵĶԷΪһЩ鷳
Ա֣ǰ棬ǿɰӣŲʮ䣬ǿ޳˷ܵôǲѡ֡
Ҳѡ֣
޼ʥǲ棿
˷׷׸е޼ʥɳѡ֣ƲԼ
ɵߵһߣһˣȴ˶ʱͣΪ˸ͷףռҵ˸ͷǸߴˣɰɹռҵ˷˵ǰȴʱԵ÷ǳѷɫ
ôͷ𣿡
ֻǿͷҲͰˣ˵ϢҲһ۷ǿߣҺ۷ľԶǿʵǿǣһ˾ͽĿɳѡָȥˡ
޼ʥ߻һûгѹˡ
ȻûпԷӣҲûиܵԷϢȴ޳һϤĸоƺ˽Ӱ֮߳˿֮󣬶ʱһϵϢѷɫڳˣΪֻ۷ѣϢȴѾﵽ۷ĵزӦԣ


2075 
£
޳
ûΧ˵ľȣֱߵ޳ǰ޳˵û뵽ɣôܹˡ
ʶ
Ǹ޳Ȼôʶ޼ʥص
Щ˸еǳ𾪣ɵǸܵ޳ɢɱ֮ʱһͫ׶ʱ
ԼΪɱ˶£δҲ̫˰ɣ
һЩ˵һο޳һɵ¶ʧɫ֪֮ܲߵغû뵽Щ֮УĿ粢ûгһѲҪ޼ʥ̲
ɱǶŶµģЩȻ޷еǿᡣ
ΪԼɱѾˣϵϢѾǳ£޳ɱ˲䣬ȴеһ˿η塣
һֱλãоԼֻһˣǱң޳ǵڶˡ
˵ôܣ
ͻȻ¶Цݣ޳˵֮ǰڵΪҵĳֶе£Ӷҳ֣ҴˣСˣսԽǿԽҸе˼
ϵЦɭ˵֪ҴӦɱ㣬԰μⳡһɱ㣬ͿҵŮˡ
ôܣ
ҲԱߣµĻ˵ҸԲôҵġ
ºһ˵Ӧң˵Ļᷴڡ
ɫ˲òҰף֪ʱ޳ߵߣץס֣Լһ۾ֱĿŶ£¶һ˿Цݡ
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Щŭ˵ʱѾŮˣǰ˾ȻԼǰԼŮ˵֣ʱŭ۾޳ɱŨ
ҲôֻҪ㣬ڿʼҵãҴӦ˰㣬һģһûͬ⣬Ͳһ£˺һë
޳ϵƺͶֻǿǴŵѪɫֱӽ¸ѹȥ
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޳ĺ󱳣ۿͨ죬鲻Խǰ޳ס޼ɵĴ
ӹϯϵĽϿһĻɵ¶һ˿Ц˵¸ôźãСȻ͵˱һ𣬰Ҫ鳤ֵ֪ðһٳ
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ҿһĻǹЦݣȴǳ
޳ָһɱɣҲܶã
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ںޣ˪ȫˡ
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ǵĿ޳޳޼ʥسɹĻôҪԵģǸӿµѡ
ǲиɿһ˻عԭλ˳вұһеģ޳һμӱˣڲо֮£޳ҪǸӶԾԸ£·ЦԸ
Ȼ·Ц֪޳ʲôϵ˹ϵһ˿ںս֮ǰĵǺͶºʹͷκ֮һսȻʵɵ׻һˣȻΪԼ롣
ŮӣԼٻһս֮
ǣʼ֮󣬻ûмף̫ˡ
ûս֮ǰһ崿ɰŮӣս֮ͻ˼µŮ
·ЦǵһսˣĶ޳ͱ˵ԼҪź죬Ŀ糤ûмܣɲǸ޼ʥسǶ޼ʥص档
޳û뵽ʵȻǿ󣬳·Цû˻ֳ·ЦϾʵʵ̫ǿ򲻹ҲȻ
޳֮£ûжԳ·Ц̫ݣȻսܿ񱩣ɶԳ·Цɵ˺ȴС
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Ǳ죬ԵĵǶ¡
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̤볡֮һֱĬڵĵһ仰ǻ֮еļᶨΣ޳Щ֪롣
첻ǶµĶ֣ûпʼ޳бһ㣬Ҫ죬ñСһأ
޳ű죬ûü˵ȴ˵ڿӦûлˣһᾡܵ˷޷ڶʱ֮ڻָⳡʤ񣬾ͽˡ
Ȼϲ޼ʥأ߶£֮ǰͱദ֮У޳Ҳ֪һаˣͶµİһģעһս
Ͷӣ˫֮Уܹܵ˴˵İ
²ûһţ¶ЦݣԱȱ˵ұΪⳡأڿӦû˼
Ҳ¶һЦ⣬˵㻹ûиܵս˼ڡ
Ŷ½ϵϢͷų콫ԼĹ͵ڵϣһȣɭ󣡡
һ˲䡣
һ͸ɢԱ߹ս˲ûܵʲôӰ죬սĶȴɫǱ˷ܵøء
ֻʹ似սѣǸӼֱȸҪӲΪСƱѡֿȭĶҲԿͷ
½ȭ״ϣҲĽ쵱һ֣ʱ֮󣬱ˣɶҲܣǸӴ˺ü£ÿһ£оԼϵľһڶʱҪؿǳѡ
֪ԼֻԼܸСӡ
֮ܲսҲ͵˽ˡҪףҵ˲㣬޳
˵֮ԭͷǳٶٴα켸֣ǱսٲڶǰҲǺ޷֮
һǱˣұ챾ҲܵС˺ֻһ޳վϲûź;ɥ¶һ˿Цݣ޳˵ҵˣҪˡ
սܣ־滹ǵһγ֣йۿ˶û˵Ϊ̫ˣ


2076 ֮
Щ˿ȫʧˣЩ֮ǰ޳ڴľһֻ˴ܣĿȡʤ
û뵽ĿôС޼ʥأһЩʵƽƽ˲μӱûн޼ʥط
ڽԱ˵
֮а̣ɫ΢䡣
üͷһۣ˵ɽ˭˵ˣ
ɽŽϣڨڨı͡
ȻΣ֮еĵλȴ鳤ΨһһԽ֮еˡ
һοϻ˲ãæ͡
£ɽ˵çײҲʹ۾ҲϹ˵Ļ򲻿ɵ档
нǰ飬ɫת˼֣ɳŭɽȻԼǰ޼ɵΪĿûˡ
ЦЦԽ˵Ҳûн⣬Ͼûн޳Ŀ˲ţȻҲʵƽƽԸǸͷӦ㹻ˡ
ȻϿǳʵϣȴڵĺܡ˵仰֮޳˼ҿȫָˣҪӮͷһж˵Ҫˣߣ
޳̤ϳصĹУͻȻоһ䣬ɵóܿȥѵ
޳ͷĽţ޳ĸͷΪ֮һ˵Ŀ翴Ҫ군ˣһĶֶղ롣
޳Ļûᡣ
ιС㡣
޳ü̧ͷǰĴͷ˵ڽ𣿡
Ȼ
Ӧûȥʶºңҵ׽ʲô
ү֪֣
֪𣿡
ɫһ죬߳ŭһȣǾ޴Ƴ޳޳ֵȴܵ˵һΡĴɽһ㣬ҪסһףɶסǿҪŷ޳˵Ͳһ򵥵ˡ
޳һǾ޴סߣһڵϣ涼ڲҲ𶯣ľһɽӿˤ档
ǿȻûа׳ôĸͷ
Щ˲˵
Ҳûп޳ӰΪ޳һأ
أ
ǱԼУٻһЩоܲͬ۷ǿߣԼĽ֮£ûеֿ˰ɣ
ûд޳һõĸо

֮ɫ޳󺺡
Ȼţȴûн޳֣ԣ޳򣬿ȴشˣΪ޳Ҳôġ
޳㿪Ĺ뿴һʵοڿδ̫ʧˡ
ιɵ𣿡
ɵ
һʱŭˣһһ㣬һ𣬾óܡ
޳ȴΪֱվ˵ǰ
ɽȭ
һȭ޳һȴûд㿪޳ԶԶһߣȻһκͶ½ֵʱˣǲΪԵʣΪҪͣҶµҲܹһݵġ
޳Ǿ޿ɷģټڿʹӰȭϳߵٶȣһȭɽȭԿǵûܣһӽԷɡ
ôܣ
Ǹ߸޴ڿеɣʱ޳ҲʧˡһЩۼߣ޳ڴ󺺵棬ɵøе󣬴󺺵ɵٶô죬ôµģ
޳ĹûнǴһ˿Ц͵سһȭ󺺳Ϸȥ޳ٴʧ󺺵ϷվڿУŴԼǰ
֮г˿־壬Щʲôأȴ޳΢ЦĿ˵˵ϵƤ񣬽ʵ򣬲֪ô
޳ֱ۶ɺɫǾ޴Ϣô󺺱ɫ޳ȭͬʱæҪ䣬ǡѾˡ
Ҫ
޳û˿飬ݺݵؽֱۻ£ź¡һս̨ѿԵķ֣󷨶顣
ôܣ
˿ѾʧȥĴ󺺣֮ǰ˿һ޳û飬ָݣ־塣
޳Ӯ𣿡
ⲻǷϻ𣿡
Ƿ𣿡
˶ŲУҪ֪ео
ⳡ֮ҪֻͶ̫޳֮ǰͶܱҾ硣
޳һսȻӮˣһǺʤ
˿ʮҲ˿Ŀ硢ʮ塢ϼҿɶ˶ˡ
Щ˲ָ޳ʤϾǰ˵ʵǶһչʾʵӽ۷״̬Ϊ޳֮ž޴Ĳ࣬޳򲻹Ҳġ
ῴ޳ʤü˵ôһ޳Ķֲ𣿡
ҶһԵ˵ͷ˵õİ취޳һͶս޳ܹսʤ£Ȼ䣬ϾʵԶԶ¡
һʼͺ޳ϻô
Ҷü̾ǹִˣֻΪ˸Է㹻ľ⣬ҲȫԸ
ûнаԵ棬Դϲ֮µһ죬˫ս
޳ûϢãͿʼһսڣûд̨ȥԸһ޳ûö˵һĶûУϾһЩǿĻ̸ָԭ
˭û뵽õ޳ȴվ̨һĿߡ
Ѿ֪˭˭Ծˡ
һ޳ս
֮󣬷һֱƽ޳ͻȻ¶ɫеЩɣѲ޳ȶ¸£
аҡҡͷʾԼҲ㲻ףԾӦ˸еˣ
һЩѾڿ֮ǰ޳֮Ļǵľٶ޳֮ĹϵӦ÷ǳ˶ս᲻ⳡսˮ
ս̨޳¶һ˿Цݣ˵޴磬û뵽սңûкܼ
޳ΪкܴɿӣɵЦôôɣѵ㲻ǻƲס˵Է𣿡
ҵһǵ˺ܳʱ䣬Դס޼ҵһҾҪսһһ֮ĲࡣᶨĿ޳˵ڿʼ֮ǰһҪӦһ顣
ʲô
ȫսҪңҾԺҲˡ
޳˵ͷȥս޳𾴡
۾·ˣ˵˽ս¿кϷˡ
˪Ҳߣ޳ƺҪ޳Ӷ֪޳һУ˾


2077 ʵŮ
޳һˣΪԼõأһˮ䣡
ʮɱ
һο㱻Ϊĳ࣬ܵвһʵܺԼ൱в
֮£ôܹ֡
޴ǿĻԪ˲ϯȫڳ֮УǽɫĻԪط·ܹվһеļ֮ס޴ʮֳСŮȥ˲ɵõϾȻ֪Ůǿ󣬿޳ʱͷŵս򾳽
֮ǰ޳Щһɵò˲Լ۾޳֮еĵβֱЦʲôβߣ
һ㶼ð
ڳΪ΢ЩҲܹü
ǵ
ƮڿУͬһӣһ룬˲ձɻ֮ɫû󷨵ڻ֮£̨ž޴Σ
һЩʵûдﵽ򾳽ߣѹ֮£ѾٱıԵ
Сè͹ŹŸҶûʲô⣬۽ǿߣ΢˿Ҳ͸ҷʹá
޳ʮɱȻ£ʮɱȫգܹܵĪĲûа˺
ˣ
ЩĿ࣬Ϊ޳Ѿ㹻ǿˣŮӾȻҲ˾޴
Цһ£дζɫ
ȫҲã֪޳ϣһʲôо
Ȼãɴʱ۾֮Уȴûа֮飬ֻһݣ츳Լţδļ̳ߡ
޳Ҳ΢΢Ծ֪Լͣ·Ӧǵ֮Բһܹӳģǽ֮
ǡ
ʱ˫ĿѾɻɫ˫Ƥ֮£ǻɫĶпκĸ顣
֮ǰ˱оһֻŮȫ塣
޳ЦһȻԼ˵飬ӣû氡
һڣȻԷƺƵԼεӰֻվ䳡ϣϣûѷɫְ
ƣ
޳һȭڴӿзµʯǾ޴ĳ徢޳ݼ֣ʯҲ롣
֮󣡡
ǻԪٴۣγɵľ޴˺˵ϢԵǻģԴֻҪԴͷϣ似ǱƵˡ
ǣ֮֮ȴûаЧ֮ǰʮնȫǻա
ǻ֮УԺɫɼһҲһЧûС
Ů
޲ļ¡
ڣ·Ǹɢһ㡣
޴磬Сˣ
һЦѾ׼ˣǱȴ޴޴Ľţ˸㲻ףĹϵãֻǿˡ
Ϸľ޴Ϣüͷһ壬ߵİ˪˵ս޴ܼܲӹһ󷨣
˪ͷ
ҲǾȣտʼʱȻֻʵȴ޳֮ӦŲСľ룬ȴû뵽˶֣޳·硣
һӣ޴ɢ֮ǰ˻ܵԿеľ޴ѹǿ֮ѹʱʧһЩʵС˲ɵ˿ϾղȥҲ֪Լܼܲȥ
˪ջأƵͺʲô鶼ûһ㡣
ϲɵ¶֮ǰ˵˪֮ˮ¹ڶǿߣһʵȻˣԼǲ˪
һ˿һɫð˪иоһ˿
ʱ޳սݱȻӿʼ˫ûн֣Ҳû˺Էɸ˵ĸоȴĵϾڱֻҪһСģͿܻɥȪ
޳ľ棬Ҳһɵ
ʵȷʵǳ󣬺ͳ·Цս֮ʱûзӳʮ֮һ
·ЦҲܵϢɵÿЦһһп޳սԼ棬û뵽ġ
޳а̾ʵҲֻ˰ɣ
粻ᣬ޳ȫϵߣֵĲǻϵǷϵ
ڷѨ֮кϷĻ絹Щơ
޳սꪼʱչ¶ʵ
һתзǰ
ǷвûбգϾǷǷѨĽ壬ֻձˣôᱻأ
£˴˵עҲһ˷⣬Ȼ޴󣬿ҲڻϴһͨѣܹĽƻ޳ȴΪʲôҪôأ
˵
޳أ
˿ڷгֵ˲޳ѾȫѰ޳֮ʱˡ
κ˶޳Ϊ޳Ĺתߣᣬ֪޳ǿսķḻҲ֪ԼԶԶ޳ûһһɾ衣
ÿĶ
ҲǷһ̾Ϊ򾳽֮ڣµٶȱ۷ˡǶº֮ľȴһǰ㣬ϲɫû㿴Լӭȥ
޳Ҳû뵽ӦٶѸ٣Ҫڲд򿪵ȱڽУû뵽ǵǿ֮£ǷȫһЧûС
һڻ֮С

޳󾪣Ҫֽȴһ
Լ֮£Ѿһ似
޳֪ԼĿ֮ʱĻڲǸԽһжڻǻԵγܵˡ
۾һУ̾çײ𣿡
˲ɵʱǻΣصĻһƬڿлۣʵɫɫɫڿɵϣγһǧ׵ľռ˰գ֮УͻὫռһ룬ʩչ
צץ󷨵ıԵȫʯɵצ֮ץۼ
޳ף似ģһ似໥֮Ӧϵתųӡ
ʱԼ似Уƺ⡣
ε̾˿ԼģȴԼû˺Ȼ֪Ǳơ
һСˣ
޳̾һӶȻ䡣
ȻеͶȡɣ޳ΪӭһսҪʡԼˣҪΧ۷סһ޴Ĺж
޳˶е𾪣޳Ȼ󣬿սͶԼʶȴڳκһˣ̬Ҳһܹͨӵеģ֮ǰЩ˿ܻɻ޳ΪʲôվλãǲѡˣеȫϾ޳ʵ


2078 ۷
һһˣ⣬Ϣ⣬ôĲ࣬ΧжսӮȴû˸¶ע
үͻȻһ飬ʵߵĹհ˵Сû»飿
հʵ˵ûУһŻ飬һŸңһűҶСҶ£Ĺ޳ûеõ顣
Ͷˡ
үӵ˵ͷ˵ǹռѪ໹ޣû֪
ΪʲôҪ˵飿
ճȻλΪռҵĸڹϯʸеģү˵֣ɵ޳˵ĻԼѪ飬ڸ޳֮󣬻·޳Ҳ
ǳС
޳Ͼһ˿ǹռͬϢͬƣ˵һޡ޳ȥű޳ɱûеõ飬ȴõѪҺ塣
ԣ
үȵ˵һ޳ܹ֮еͷųܱϿյ޸ǿҪ֪ǸҵǸѾˣ֮ǰҪ۷ޣȴʧˡ޵ʱѽȺСһȥɧ
Ѫ̲֮صȴûа
ճ˵Ҳ˵ʱ޳ֵ廹ܹһĽ
ûڱ
ڹү˵֮Щ˿޳زסĽѾǿˣھȻܹһνֱ漣
սУаϵʴ޳壬޳ȴǿнѹȥʱܷӳսꪵϾսꪵԿƣһƲãͻ˺
ϷצӣХĳ߳޳սꪣ͵ӭȥֻ¡һ죬һ˾㵵ɢһжϯ
ôܣ
޳źսꪣһƬյأĵطͿˡ
޳һʱоһ͵ԶµһûʲôֻԶ£ʹõǽԪأһʹõĻԪء
ԪزоԼҪȼˡ
޳ȻֵסĽ˶ˣҺͶ¡
ȻĿ޳ףΪʲôÿһο޳ʵڷǳ̵ʱ֮ڡ
֪ʲôڷǸеη壬½첻޳ɱһμʱ˽ֻǸԼ
޳ıȻɱɣ
ϵЦݸ£һĸоǸоµ˲ǱˣԼ
ʱھ֮УѾ;Ϊһ壬ĶĶܵĶҲܵĶ޳ʵڲ˽⣬ǿǿƺڳɳڲ۷塣
޴磬Ȼǿ󣬿ϧԲҲֱҸ磬ʱģҲ޷֪ҲһұҪֹ㡣
ǾſˣΪһϵߣ³ģȴΪĻӦûһһּ
ɫĻ˲佫޳ɣǻ֮аջȥ˿޳ڵ֮˲ɵס
մˣ
СèһץסŸ֣˵޳ôˣĶôоأ
ŸҲ֪޳ʲô޳޳ʱԵĿԼĹΧԪء
֪ô𣿡
үӸܵΧŵͻȻ˵һ鷲ڻԪزϵգǿѹὫϵظ̣ҲΪϺõ
ǲǹģְ취޳
հܵ޳ٶԽԽɵüͷһ壬ỳߵˣȴòɣʲô죬ʲô⣬Ҳ˵顣
һʲô鶼֪СѾͷЩ飬δҲ̫ˣСѾͷҪٲ似޳鷳ɾʹˡ
Ҳ̾˿ʱҲǳţΪԼһʧ޳
ٵȵȡ
ٵȵȣ
֪޳ʱֵĻһӭ޳ķˡ
ˣ
ɿ֣ȴֱԼ޳ϵϢƺڻָȻǳȷʵӡ
ô᣿
û޳Ϣô
үüЦ
ˡ
޳ɻüŻһ£ϢʵȴڷٵԳٶȡ
ͻȻ޳ҽ飬ȷ飬Ϊ޳ѿһȱڣȱͷųǿϢôֲ޷ɹ
ͻȻ
Եһ
ʱ޳˴ʯͷĳӣǾ񣬻ʵҪ֡
޳һ½ǣ˵ᵽлĸܰ
޳Цһڻ֮У濾ֻʣԼϷһЩˡ
ʱ޳֮ǰ޳ȴ޴ı仯̥ͬһ㡣
ڿз£ͻȻ֮䣬֮гһ鶼ûУֻǿɰСΪȶԵͨ죬ϵ·ҲˮʪȻûжô¶ȴ޴ػճ
ػȫһƬȻһЩҲѳֲסˡ
޳·ɿһ֪û·ϰߣǽԼ·˹ȥ˵ʱڵһ£սҲܲ㡣
ɫˣɻɫͫҲָɫˮĴ۾мĿ޳˵лл޴硣
˵·ϣмӢˬ
޴磬ҪСˣ⼸лǶԸĻûа취ˡ
޳˵ͷ˵ɣ
һ˲䣬ٴλص֮ǰ״̬ϵľ·ơ
ȥɣ
ǾһХ޴ֱӳ޳߳ӴҪʯٵӡ
Ǹտʼս޳һУһ취ûСڵ޳һˣ֮ǿԳԼľ㶼û㿪ֱӭȥ˿Լһ㡣
޳Ƿһκ;ԿǵֵסѣھȻӲ
ʮ֮еһ˵Ա£¶Цݣ˵ϰɣϰɣ޳Ŀˣ߰ԴˣԼ


2079 Χ
˶֪޳֮ĶԹϾ޳ⳡսʤʧܻ֪һ޳ʤʤĿĹھǽ޼Ҳǰõģ㲻޳ܹԼһ˵һ壬һжδ֪һȷ֮ǰ˶ûнµĻϾǿɲ޳ΪС
²ЩΣͬ޳ǵ˵÷ҺܼңҲĬͺԼҸһ㡣
²ɵһа̾޳ҲͰˣҪǽ޳ʤöүԸ޳ʱ޳ɾûкӹˡ޳һǽ̬Դңȥɣ
ߣơ
²˵һԹΧȴΧûһģֱǰСһ㡣
޳ΪܹһеţŻѡģǰĿһɵһ㣬Ȼ¡¡ľ죬Ǿֱӱ޳ײ飬Ĳ˲Ԫأڿɢ
޳Ҳܵٵ˺ֱӴǧ׸߿ˤݺݵڵϣ޴ĳõһ
ŵǸ֮е޳Ϊ޳һеزû뵽޳ܿʹӵǴһ˿΢Ц湴Ѫ
Ȼˣڵ״̬ȴ˸оǳ⣬ûΪԼ˶ʧȥս⡣
Ȼܹһ
Ҳû뵽΢΢֮Ͼ֮ɫָһٴαŷս⡣
޴磬֮ǰĹһܹƣ似μҵľѧ۷ľ޷ȫƿҲòʹһУԼСģ
޳˵ͷЦ˵ǣڸմþأ
޳Ļһ㶣ȻǹЦݣ˵ֻþδ̫ƽˣҲһºսȤ
˵֮ѸٵĽӡӡ֮ʱ͵س޳Ҫ޳ս
޳սǿ֪޳ֵ˶֪ǿѡսһҡҡͷԶսʽǿ󣬻ź޳һƴ֮ȻѾ޳ƿˣȥпܷΪʤ޳սȫһʤ㶼ûУ
֮ǰܶ˲޳ɵ޳ƿǿһ֮޳ֱͳЩ˵ľ֧˶޳ĳƺţսս޲ʤ
Щ۸ֵ͵˻Ϊ޳˵ʱȴòϣ޳ܳƵս֣ôĿ֮оû˳Ƶˡ
ƶ޳ɴﵽ۷ȴһüͷ˿̶ֳȵǿôῴǸӡԼʵģǽΧԪٴ
ԸղǿԪ֮УȫΧԪأûԪصĹӦ֮£޳ôܹӳԼʵʮ֮һʵӲ
üԽϼǰ˵ڣ޼ʥŮ޳ҸоЩ֣ô£
ϼǰüͷ壬̾޼ʥضԪصպϼҲ£ʽҲ޷ƿϾȫԪظɸΪ֮һȴԲ˵ΪŮͣΪǿŮֻҪﵽ۷ľ磬оٵʱ䣬ʱЩ˵޳ͬ
һ̾Ů޳ǰʹУȫһ󡣡
û뵽֮ӡʹóˣһΪ޳սأϰ̾Ŀǿǰ¶似һᱻһٲɡ
Ҳһʤȯյӣһе
ѩˮ¹·޼ʥصʽеĪϤͻȻʲôתͷŰ˪׼ڡ
˵ˣҶ֪
˪䣬Χһ飬ǻ֮ƺŷŭ
ɻĿŰ˪װ˪ΪʲôͻȻôĻ
޳ܵΧԪԽԽŨѾɵɫģȻ֪ΪʲôȴףӦú֮ǰӡйء
ȷǷǳǿ似޳ŶôǿֻҪ֮Ԫ޷֮ͨеԪسᱻĴ˵֮еЩԪأôܹ;޴ԪȽϡ
֮еƬռһһ㣬ۿȥܹܵжļѡ
еȷǲ
޳һӣ޴ѹ֮£Ҫһֶѣ˵սˡ
ԼѾɹˣæ޳˵޴磬㻹Ͷɣһֻʣ֮ǰʮ֮һҵʮϣȷ֮ϣһƬռ֮С
޳ϲûһ˿ģǴ΢Ц˵Ҳһ£ô֪أ
ǡ޷ơ
û˵꣬޳ɫ̾˿Թ޳Ϊʲôôŵŵ˵ҪСˣʹеĻȫƲסԼ
޳˵ͷ

ʱȥ޳ˡ
ȫ˶ھ̾޳ı򣬾Ȼܹôʱ䣬ü˵۷ˣ۷ûз£ҲɥȪ
˵޴磬Ĳˣս֮ǰ˵Ҫսʹ죬ҲҪ㵽Ϊֹô
û£һ㣬һҾҪҵˡ
ôܣ
ѾָƽʱӣΪʱ޳ƽʱҲܹսʤǿ޳ûзӣҲ֡
ҰɣĹǿ֮߱ӡ֮жûҵ޴ôܹҵٸһʱ䣬Լɣ
ǲ޳ˡ
ǣȴһ㣬֮е޳ץʱ䶯֣˷޳Ļʳ
䣿
ҲǣҪӮ˵ľ棬ȴǸŮһ似תս֣Ǹ˾ܡ
ڹϯϣһЩţȻ޳ʵѾǸ޳ǿδҲ̫ɵˡ
Ҳź̾˿Ȼ޳սãлϣ޳ӮⳡģϾӮˣ޳ɶ˺޳˵ı֮¾һ޳ˣҪٵˣȻʵǿ󲻶٣ȴײеĶ£һУ޳ûĿܡ
ֻ뷨ʵˣϾ޳Ѿ˱ذ֣֮㷢漣Ҳˡ
ʱ޳ȴͻȻվֱ塣һ˷ܺͲ˼˵ˣ֮似
ôܣ
ɫĲֻ޼ʥصЩˣа˪Ͱѩǿ޳ܻƽ⿪


2080 ճǶ
ȫܵ飬޳ͽܵ˿ܣɢһĪϢϢ֮£һ֮ӡƺ޳ʧȥá
ôܣ
˪֮𾪵ɫԭϢҲһ˿
ֻǰ˪ϺҶˣҲʧȥƽʱִյĸо޳Ի
޼ʥصμҵľѧ޳ôѧȥ
һĶ£ͻȻ۾ǰһĻһ˿־ͼʣμҵľѧε޳ϣ붼֪һĽġ
ٿ֪һ㣬ɵһа̾벻ϷݵĻ治֪ĻΪûϵأ
µΪȻǿ󣬿ɱϾûдﵽ۷ľ磬似еİҪҪ۷ʵҶԣ֪޳似μҵ֮ӡȫͬ޳ʩչ似㲻ϡ
ѲԼģ
뵽æҡҡͷҪֵȼ似Ҫôľ磬жԪصһμҲ˶ᣬΪ֮ӡ쳣һСģ˺ĿɲǶԷԼ
ҲǴﵽ򶥷ʱŸҽӴ似˵Լôǿ似ˡ
ǰһô͡
޳ΧԪ֮վӣʱȫûһ㸺ȻģȫһⶼûС
ڿ۳һ޴ȭͷ޳߷ڷɵһʱȭͷͻȻֹͣ
ô£
żϵһͺǰһǽ赲ԼԼôܻᱻ޳أ
Ƕ˵ԪؾȻȫͬô飿
Ŀ޳֪޳ʱϵΪ֮ȴ벻Ȼ޼ʥйϵ
Ҳ¶ɫɵ𵱳Լ޳֮ʱʱȻ
ԭǸʱϵͬ
ô벻棬Ϊֹ޳Ѿ뾡һа취ɵȻԼ
޳Ļ˵ͷ˵ȷʵˣⳡսӮ˵ġ
ڡˡ
޳Ѿǰղȴһ㷴ӦûУѹ޳Ѿĺ֮ϡ
ˡ
޳ûȫ˵֮У޳ĹϵҲ۷׷ףرϷԵһĻͬģϵӦöôܰ
һЩֱӽе뷨˵˳һ˵Ȼû£ƫƫ˵֮ҵԡ
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⵽ô£
ֵĴеΧ˷׷׿ߣɵøеһľ
޳û˿Զã²ԣҲԡ
ɢǿɱΧ˲Զȴһȫӡ
޳ʤ
˵֮ȫʱˣ˶ڻ
޳һ㶼û⣬ϾĿӮбʤ
ûյһ˺ֻó֮ӡ˵̫ǿεСټĳּ֮ɫǵĿ޳˵Բûֹܹ㡣
޳ЦЦ˵һʤӦһ飬ΪʲôҪ˵Բ𣿡
ź֪޳еǵɫŨ˵֮ǰҸˡ

Ҹ粻Ҫɱ㣬Ӧˡ
Ӧˣ
޳ЩȣΪԼӦҵжأ
Ҹ˵˵ɱ㣬;Բɱ㣬ҵĶ»Ҹ֮£һеĶɱ֡
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޳ûаη壬ûΪԼľһЩΪĵġһץס޳֣Ŀ֮£ܶ˱ɫ
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޳ĸΪ׵Ȼ֪޳ϲȴһŭ˵ˡ
ߣ޳ҪӮһҲͰˣҪӮˣ뿪֮ǰҲһ档߬ҵŮҲͰˣھȻ޼ʥص˹ϵУԺô㡣
˪ֻжһ˿ûٶ
ȻˣȻǷǳ𾪣Ͼ޳֮Ĺϵ˶ֺ޼ʥص˲岻޳˵İ
Щ̫ˡȻ޳˵ֲʲô
޳һ£Ŀ˵ҪСһЩ³˱Ϊ֮⣬ӦûʵҲҸ綼׶֡
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Ҳµģģ֣ҲԲ棬κθѵˣڽ˵֮ǰҪøۡ
޳ĻֻܴǾ£Ǿڳˣǲٺ
ȥɣĸеĵĻǾȥҹСèһᰲһЩ
˵ͷɷĲ޳ʲô취޳Ȱ档ڳ϶޳ʱ׼ְ޳ɵܵ޳ϵЩǿϢ΢΢˿Щ˶޷޳ĻԼûá
ſ̨ȥѰҵ˹λãɵջ֮ʱȴҲҵ
硭
ЩңرǴʱҵæȻŹǱȥ
޳վ̨ϣ֮ӡЧʧϵȻǳģ֮ӡ֮УԼͷųȥʱޱȣ˵ӭһսˣͨ۷ǿ߶һܹù
촽΢·˵Щʲô
Ǹ˵Ϊ޳ս޴޼ʥصĶѾõϢ̽бδЩƽʱϢʱʱ֮󣬱
Ȼ˵ùûʣȫҪĿ˵õõĴõķӳӦеʵ
˿һۣϲû¶ֲڵɫ·һȻ飬̬Ȳɵ˶Ը̣Ȼһ˵ĵλԽߣƤԽõ֤


2081 ǿɱκ
ϺǺһЦû飬ɫУȴζأǹ޳ָ´ܡ
ʱʱ޳úûָһ£ǿЩںٵʱ֮ڱȫָΪ˲Щ̫ھȣԼٶȹһ롣
˵ɷǳ£Ǵﵽ۷Ҳ޷˴
˪վ˵ȻסһЩ飬ȱʱܰߣ¡
һˮ¹Ŀʵ۷Ĵڣ뿪֮ǰܺԼкѾǷǳԼˣвӦ߶뿪ɻ
˪վ߰ѩ˵һˡ
ѩһ˪飬Էʱı飬гʹ
ѩףԼʲô
Ͱ˪ס˪һӣ㲼һǿ󷨣󷨺֮ǰ󷨲ͬʵ壬һ鲣ڼ˵ͷϡ
֮У˲˵ʲô飬ֻҪԷľ磬һҲҲӦ
ʦ
ȱʦҽ
˪ѩͽܣͽܣŲ뿴Űѩܵ뿴ѩܵһ˺
İ˪ѩֻϸհ˪ҪС֣ѩһ㣬ѪɫëףһƬ󻬡
˪ַȥһɫӡǴм佥֡
˪˿ŰѩҲ˼֡
ɰѩ֪ʲô˼󴦵ĺһŮǲǽྻ֮ģɰ˪ζš
ʱɫ۾Ű˪˵ʦ㻳ҡ
Ȼվţ֮ľȴδңԶ˪Űѩı飬һʹɰѩ絶˪飬ںǳϵð˪飬ȴУ˵˪ԼΣԼôʱ䣬ȴԼһʲô˶
ѩ
ʦ˵ˣҵʲôôң
ѩȻɶڰ˪˵ʡ
޳ʹõʽ㿴𣿡
Ȼ޼ʥػǵʽ񣬵ȴȫͬӦ޳Դġѩش֪عɰʲôϵ
ȫͬ㲢ûʲôϵ޳״˽⵽ǵĹô̵ʱڱյ˵ز
˪Ȼ֪Լԩ˰ѩعɰһ£һ¡
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˵ȫһ޳ʹõԭͣҲ̬
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ѩһʦ˵ұ
˪ҲѩӶ಻ߵѩǰĽѩסԴӵϸ֮ԼľǶԻǴûжԼӵǫΨһһγϴ󣬻Ǳ޳ƨǴΣȴŰѩĺ󱳣Ǹ˵ʦˡ
ѩһ㵣ŵ˵ͷ˵ʦ֪㲻ǹģΪʲôỳң
Ϊ޳޳Ȼ츳ΪҲףһŵĻӣҵΪҪˮ¹ĹӶһЩõ顣
Ȼû˵ⲻõ鵽ʲô԰ѩԴȻףɫʱ˪ɿ˵ôᣡ
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˪˵仰ʱȴȵķ֣ԼͷβǴδ޳顣Ȼ޳ȴ뽫ܹ¶ۡ
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˪û޳һ̿ˣѩĻǾȣҰĵȴѩһ仰
һһһ죬Ҷܲˣ۷ȴɻڼ֣ЩѵҵΪһЩأ
ţ޳һ

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ѩ޳ôļ˵һ飬Խ˵ԽоԾߵϢԽԽ£Ű˪ʵʦôˣ
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ѩһ˵ô᣿
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ѩȻԼﱻ޳ˣˣͬʱʶһ飬ʵ˪˵һܹǵ似յ𣿡
˪ѿڶ˵ȻܣǵĹ似Щͽ׶Ტ۵ġ
漴㷢ԼĴ󣬸æ˵ǣǶ޳ɲһˣ츳Ҷ磬Ŀ硭֮УҲֻ޳ܹﵽ˵ز
뵽ˣŮ˲ɵö޳ʵٴθе𾪣֮£޳ʦĶˡ
ͬʱ޳֮󣬱Ժ֮ʾźͶս֮ʱԼĳ˳Ԫô֣ʽҲָҪǽЩʽȫ꣬ⳡս˵ںս֮оԼǿһ֮࣬ټϸ似ʵԴﵽս֮ǰĶ״̬
޳֪Убʤȴһ¡
޳еĵͬʱҶҲ޳ʹˣҲʱǵɫҪ֮ǰõöࡣ
޳֪ô仯һҶ䣬Ҷ䣬ʵ㵽˵ЩʲôŽõģ
ҶٺһЦ޳˵Ȼ˵֮ǰ¼ÿһ澳һβתΣΪҸ˵һҲһһ
ɫһ죬Ҷ˵ȻΪһɣӦù鹦Ҷ粻ܹ֮࣬˸˵ˣܹ۵˵ͨˡ
Ҷ˵Ȼ˵ˣȴҲǴӦһ顣
ʲô飿
Ҷ˵ҴӦһƽ£Ӧףһս֮ս¾ԲǺǵģ


2082 Ѱ
޳ЦһȻ֪ҲδСƹ£ⳡս֮УͶ±һսôͱöûô
˶ԼĵģǶԼ֮࣬ҲӦԼɣ
޳츳
ˣӦղԼС
޳˵ĻȴоЩϤǰЩ˵
޳תͷѩվԼæ˵ѩʦã
Ȼ֪ô£Ϊʲô޼ʥغˮ¹ĹͬģȴףûаѩĻԼͻղǳսȫգĲ֪ôźá
ѩǰɿ޳Ц֮ȴɵһ㶣ͷ˵ܲ
ո˵꣬ȴоһ䣬ͻȻ𣬰˪Լ󣬶Լף޳ģʦġ
޳ѵû𣿡
˪ӱ䣬Ϊڰѩ棬ټϱϢҲͰѩƣû˿ȥ£ֲ˰˪
޳һ̾Լô˪ˡ
ҪЦźͰ˪кɸܵ˪ϢЦݽ̣һֲõԤд˿ѩٿ˿˪̾ѵ鱩¶ˣ
޳ôı£Ȼˮ¹Ĺ͵ѧ
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֮ǰֲҲˣҲѹ޳ʹõʽ˴ûмʹùԭ͵ѧˮ¹Ĺ
Ȳ˵˪һشķ֣ˮ¹Ĺ޼ʥ˼ҵ֮ӡǲʲôԵʣ
޳ڳ⣬Ųɵ⣬Լأ
˪üߵһۣ˵ʲôԵʣҲ֪ġһ飬Ͱѩ֣ǲ͵ѧѩ似
޳һΣҪ⣬ɰѩȴŲţüͷһ壬˵û֤ݣ⹦ŲǺѧأҵģˮ¹ûһϵ
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ȵӣ˿ǳЦѩ϶¶һ˿Ц⡣ȴ޳ģϾû˸ڰ˪Ц
ɰ˪ûǷ漣һ㣬˪һ٣һǣ˶ĵ漴˵˵ĻȻֻ˵ղײգͽɰɣ
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ߣһǺڵʱ򡣡
Ȼô˵ɵ޳뿪֮ʱ㲻ɵøеɣԼǶԻǴһ޳ˮ¹޳´Ҳǲܣ
𵱳ڲ޳ԼôǿߵİΧ֮ɺǸʱ˸еη壬˵ڴﵽ۷ľˡ
ҪҪȥ޳ʾã
ͻȻᶨ̾޳Ƚǿô޼ʥغϼܣһһ޳
ߣѩͰ˪ٴλصԼķӣ˪󷨲£ʵѩ˵ʲô飿ôҿɫЩأ
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⹦ˮ¹ðѩ̸޳ѾǴ󷢴ȱˣû뵽޳ȻԹ£⡣
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ʱİѩƺڿ޳Ļû⡣
˪Űѩ֪ѩĵش棬ʲôţæ˵Ҫ޳ⳡ֮һ޳˵


2083 նɱ
޳׵׷ʲô飬ڰ˪֮΢˿ѩͰ˪̸껰֮Լûкӹˡ
֪Ȳ˵ȥ£
޳һŮȻиãɲǺأһ֮ҲΣ
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Ҷں޳˵棬޳ͻȻɵɻôˣ
Щʲô
޳תͷʮ峤һ廹ǺԼжԵġ
޳ҲɵýɾʱҶȴļ˵ǵҲ鷳ģӦ͵ģ̫ġ
޳ͷȻЩԼЩԹһԸ޼ʥأԼһ
ҶҲ˼ֵĸĻӭ
ܲ÷
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ڸп±仯֮࣬ҶҲǹ˭˲֪Ҷ޳ң޼һ϶ҶС
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޳֮Ҷ俴޳ЩԾɫɵʵ޳ʲôˣ
ûֻǹȥһºģ
޳֪ҶΪѾ˺ܾãԼҶ䵱ֵܣȴҶΪԼˡ
Ҷ俴޳ʱı飬Ҫѯʵʱ򣬱ϾҪʼˡһЩ˱³Ӱ쵽ⳡս
Ÿ迴ҶɫЩ֣ɵѯʵʲô飿ǲ޳ˣ

Ҷ̾һ
ʲô飬ûн޳ıҪǴصĶ£վ̨ϣϢûͷų͸ΧǿѹǺս񣬾׳ļ⣬ŵЦݺⳡ
޳ϳˡ
ʱ޳۾ǿŶ£Ҳ΢΢Щ񣬲֪ĻΪϳ̫ѣµĺ֢أ
˪ͰѩҲصϯǶ˻˽޳޳ڵӣɵй޳ʲô飬ѵΪ᣿
ʦ޳Ӯⳡ𣿡
޳ڵӣǾԲʤġ
˪Щŭ䲻˵
ѩ۾֮гǣ֮ǰһ棬µӡ̣Ȼǳ޳ʤܸо޳Щʤ֮䣬ǹƶ¡
ʱĶϵΣոиŨԼԶСĽ޳ȴʱ
ŲпһߣⳡĿʼ
ɢϢȻвŷԪأǾԲǷԪصлŸʴ·ܹΧһжʴ

޳Լڶµĺ棬ԼɢŹâ
Ȼ֪õâʲôɶϵȴǴǹɹâ֮ͷųġ
޳˷ܰɣ


2084 ص
öġ
ʲô
˵öġ
Ȼ޳˵ʲôֻȴ޳Ȼô˵ǰ޳֮жԼɱ⣬·ܹһжᡣ
ңǶˡ
ǰһ±ǽͬһ㣬ǰһֵ޳һֻԼ
⾵Ӳֻһ棬󷨵ķΧ֮ڣ⾵ǡ
ôܣ
һֱƽҲ¶𾪵ɫڴ֮ͥ£¶ʧ̬ӡ
΢΢ü似Ȼǿȴ˾Ȱɣѵлʲô
ʵ£Ϊζ޳ʽ˾ȣ
ҲʶԼʧ̬⣬Ͼ޳һ漣ߣκΪʵеȶģԼҲ⡣
ϣԵһ£һҪ֤һ¡

΢Цĵȴʱ̨ϵ޳Ľ׶Σƽ֮ڶʱڣϲ̿ս
ͷŤ˪ߣ԰˪˵޳һˮ¹𣿡
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ͷ˵ǾͶˡ
ΪΣ
һڼǰżʹеļһһޣ࣬û뵽µĹ޳ȴ似ˣò˾ȡ
޵似
߽޶Լɱﵣһ飬ȴδһ޵似
Ҳ¶֮ɫϾȷһŵ顣
޳޳ӸȤ
Ҳó޳ȻϲȴŮ֮ǵϲҲ˵ܹ£޳
ȻҪ£޳ɵڹϯ֮ȴ̾˿Ͼǽ޳޼ʥأҲǾԲ޳ȥġ
似֮ͣ޳ÿһʵġ
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޳˷֮е޳Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣǳаթЦݡ
Կʼ
ʵļܺ޳ٶںһʱ似ͻᷢʵı仯޳ǵĹǶҲһʱ޷мܣ֮УֵûС
˵Ƕˣκ˶û뵽º޳֮ս޳ȴϷչ
һȣϵǿᣬǷϵߣ޳ٶȻǺܿ죬ȴҲȫ޵еĴڡ
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ڿн޳һ͵ǣֱ֮ܵУ׼ȷĽ׽
Ȼڻͬ
Ϊ޳һߣ֮Աץסֻǹ⽫ѣΪûץס޳ǻӰ
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Χÿһ֮жһʹʮɱ޳ǵĿֻһǱǿеĶ¡
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ʶʮɱһʮɱԼǿֵܹôʮɱһ۷ôֵܹסһʵôǿǿҲֵˡ
޳Լս֮ʱ˶һʼ޳˱ԼҲֵʹ֮ӡɣ
Ƕ»ɱﵵĻҲΪ޳Ӯˡ
ǣµһоҸ綼޷Ӧԣ޳ô죡
²ûжǻһָϴףʱ׺ƽͬɢŵĽɫâ
ʮɱȥǶ½ǽôһӶѣ˲֣ΪɢЩǵٵĹƵ޳۳ľҲһ𻵡
޳òΪô׾ͻɣ
µ֮вûһ˿ţ֮ǰΪ޳ĹԵûҵı鵴Ȼ޴棬ֻʣս⣬֮ɫ
Ҵû⼸оͽܣ෴Ϊ⼸оͰҷû˼أ
޳˵֮۾Ȼһ˵һս
޳ǳջ𣬶ŭ޴йֻֽܹ䶼йڶϣĶȻں޳սȫ޳ĳͲ
Ϊ޳øǿʽȴû뵽޳ս·ȫҴһͨ
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ʲô㰡޳˵ʱ䶼ûУ޴޳ϷɳȥһһҧŶµֱö¹ڿУ޳ʱ۳һ޴Ȼ˶ɼ°
ͬʱʹã
˶޳ǲ似棬ÿһ似ʵЩ֮УԵѹ׵ı޳ǲҪǮһ㣬ʩչ˿ۻңҲΪˣ˲ŻһҪ飬Ǳ޳ԡ
ľˮϵ޳ȫ֡ľ磬ϵľϵıʽ֮һ
ȫϵߣһܹͬʱʹã
˵仰ˣоԼں˵˵ôܻô̬ˣ޳֮սɵòš
Ҷ͹Ÿһۣ׷¶Ц
Ȼ֪ʲô飬ȴҲǿó޳ˣһңǱôǿҲʧܵĿܡ
һ棬޳ЩʵӦڴʱȫչ¶һЩһЩֻҪʵ޳֮ĺ;η֮ļɣ޳ڵδҲ̫һЩ
޳׷ʲô飿
Ӧ˵޳ʲô飬˵ʲô顣
Ҷ俴źǸ򣬴ʱϵıǳʣһЩοһЩһЩģһ黨
ʲô飬ڸҶ˵һ飬Ǳ޳ڵı仯һйء
ŸҲˣԺȻɶԺȴûһøУϾʷӡԼ֮Уһۣܵʹڶ£ԭ£۶ԷʲôݣԶԭЩˡ
ԼĺҶ˵ҪҪȥѯһ£
ˣ޳ҪǵĻȻ˵ģȻ˵Ҳĵ
Ҷ˶٣Ԥ˵޳ǵģҪ֮󡣡
˶ǵĿ޳һжȻ֪޳Լ޳һ˳ܲܳܵˡοʱսҵԿ
ǣ޳ʱսҪѯѾˡ
޳ıΧһ󻶺ЩߣȻʹóǿʵ׷׷֪֮̾бʧȥɷǵӡ
ʦΪʲô޳ԽռϷԽģѲǸǹ޳ģ
ѩ͵ǵ˵۾޳ϣþδƿÿһ޳ռϷ磬ûиӿģӵġ


2085 Լŵȷ
˪üͷ΢壬۾ǿ޳Ͷ£ǽضŶϵװ޳ôܺõıЩͷϵȭס
ѵʲô
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޳֪Ӻܴںչ޳֮ǰ˸˺ܴΣڣҲûеٰ֡
ǹģǺ飬ϲԼǺӻܴûжԼ˵ʵǾߡ
޳ΪΣɷŭתӰȭ֮ϣһȭȥõ޳Ѿͼ֮ǰ޳һǱ쳣ǿֵûУֱӱ޳ݺݵڵϣڵҳһСĿӡ
޳Ӯˣ
ͨ𶯵ĵԸܵ޳һôǿһôǿĹǲҲ°ɣ
Ӯˣôܣ
Χ˵ĻɵЦһ̾ô׶Ըʱͱɱˣֵ޳ս
һвûнֻǸոտʼѡ
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Цݸɭĵ֮£˶еһ˿䣬ĸоǴġ
޳ڿ۳֮һģǸܵϢ֮㽫ԼĶͣ
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ָоĲֻ޳ںԶ֮ǳɭУվϵĹ
˲ˣǺ
ʱĺϢǳóţ̶̵ʱ֮ʵȻôࡣվˣ˱ǺӺܴǰޣ޳ϤΪǱۺͱ
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΢΢ϹԱʺͱʾ⣬֮ľ塣
ЦЦʱһΣȻһģȻڱЫ״̬ºǿɰǱ֮󣬾һͨͨ壬ͬˮǷӴʱҲú꣬ϵĿʱһήҵӡ
˵׿Խĸȫƥ䡣
ǣһԣһȥȴܹۡ
ҵ޳ʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ôһ죬ǲûʲôʧҵľֻ´ʱҾվ޳ǰҲϳɣ
˵޳ʱ򣬱æһ±ʡ
Թ˵ң
ʹһɫñע⵽ʱı飬ɱȴǺ⣬˵ȻǿˣΪҲ˵᲻޳᲻ص޳𣿡
仰һ˵ɫĲֻǱ󣬻кӺܴˣ⺣̤ЬٴȫѹıҪĵλܹİΣǿɲԼһУʵһ仰ˡ
İɣҲȥ޳
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ɫһ죬ܴ˵Ȼ֪ݰ죿
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һԵıһۣǳ˵ЩʣӦǺþۺɢƫƫͬجβ㶼㲻
Ǹһ㣬һЩɱǺεΪˣٵ͵Ȼü
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ô£
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һ̾ȴǿ󣬾Щ۷ǿ߶ɫԽһ۷ǿߴˣʱһ۷ߣҸȫķֱӱֻ±ɣ


2086 
޳ôˣ
һâ֮У޳Ӱӣȫ𲻳޳˵Ĳɵ
»վʱĶĿ˫۾Ѫ죬ϻ޳֮ǰ˺ۣǳֲŴİ̴ӱǿðȻǳۣɢǿȴڸˣһս֮
ҲڹĵĿ޳Ǳߣһڵϵ֮ʱЦЦ˵Ҿ֪޳ô׵ıɱҲ޷֮ǰҵĥ
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
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ټ޷׽Σôܹ㿪Ĺأ
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¶ЦݣΪٶ̫죬Цݶڿ²ӰϵĿ񱩲ûʧǸŨ
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û˵һ仰㽫Լɣûüһ
޳ݺݵˤڵϣȴվˣܵǿĹȴһ˶ûС
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Ϊ֮ǰ޳ʩչʵļܣһû̫ھȣΧȴڲǿʽƺжܹȥֻܹһɺǿ
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޳Ҳеİأ֮ǰߺɫķԪѾ˼֡


2087 ޳
żֻ㱣·ղŵûп޳ôԼģ޳׻˶ֹ
޳ĹȻʣ޼ÿһͬ죬ʱ޳ʹó˴һɱĻԼǰʹóֻ·һ
ڵȴȴµĴһ̡
룬ȻҰһɵ¸ܵ޳ͷǳǿ󣬶һڲͣΧԪأԼһݣ޳ôѲ׸ôӦԡ
Ӧʹ˰ɣ
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Ȼ֮ǰѾ˾޳ֻҪսȥ޷
⡭
޳ս壬Ȼܹѹƣȴǳ֮ƣҲ׼ЩԼ֮ʲôӰ졭
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ʱ޳˫Ŀͨ죬ϵϢԽԽң·ʧȥ˼һ㡣
Ҫ֪һؼҪһѵͷԣ߽ĺʱ޳Ѿˣôսأ
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˸ܵԿеѹȻֻһƣȷȷʵʵǿߵϢɵ˲룬µһѵﵽǿߵĵز
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µȷǿܹӳ۷ʵҲͰˣ۷ܻ֮֮һ˿һԵ
Ҷү΢΢üµһȻûдﵽľ磬Լ۷ΪҲﲻ̶ֳȡ
Ϣô£
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Ϸףϸֳһ˿Ц⣬û뵽Ȼֱһʼ׻޳ķϵԲǷȴ벻Ȼһ˿ʶ
¿һñֻһԸ޳δ̫˰ɣֲ֮սеĻҲû˻˵ʲô˵֮󣬴Ӻһ䣬˵ϾԵ޳
ķˡ
߸ϵӣȫţƿʵء
ϿЦһ˵ܵĻҲʹóһУϾ鷳ֻǸĿ磬޼ʥμҲܲʧ
˵ͷˣ֪޼ʥصĹɣȻҲױμãϼһμҵ鷳ͬ޼ʥ֮еļ壬λ£ʵҲһԶϼҵָμҽвС鷳
Žϣ˵Ϊʲôȥֹɿѿı飬ڿųϵսʱЦһû취ֹ
Ƕµ֮гսûˣֻ´ʱ˭˵˭ǰֹûЧ
üѵº޳֮˽˶Թ
û뵽¾Ϊ˴СôƴʹһУ
С㣿
һǲɵ¶һ˿Ц⣬޳޶ȣҲڽѵһأû뵽޳ȴԼϴ鷳ԼҲóλᣬöºúýѵһ޳
ܲ޳֮ǰٳ֣


2088 Լ
ܲ޳Ҫʱٳ֣
κ˶߸ϣɶԵİ˪ȴϹϾϾҺˮ¹λ޼ʥصͳελߣʮûˮ¹һǿ
ĿͳߣȻˮ¹ʵ
˪ͺûĻһ㣬ɫȫûб仯֮˪˵޳ˣҲֵģ
˪ǿɱ⣬ǲ죬Ѳ޳ˮ¹
һ²֮ܰǰ˪ȥ޳Ǻǹ޳һĹ򡭡
˪ĻشֻԾҲð˪һ˸еȣѩҡһ°˪·оǵ֮ɫ˵ʦ
˪ҪҪϺüԴ׳Ϊʱһֱǰ˪Ŀˮ¹֮顣Ȼûд·ʱ򣬰˪Ҳϼҵѵ֮оһ԰˪Ƣס飬һΪҪǱǧҪ˪Ϊ˪ˮ¹ϣڶΪǿߵˡ
޳Ҫˮ¹뽫ȫϣѹ޳ϵģɵÿʼмֺڡ
ֻΪ˪һ仰ԥȻˮ¹ĵλѾ޼ʥ൱
شνǰѩУ۰Ͱ͵ĿŰ˪Ȼû˵ʲôѾ˵һС
֪һΪ޳˵ˮ¹еܹƽϢ˪ķŭףֻ޳һнŻð˪ƽϢŭ
޳֮ǰ
۾ǵĿ̨ϣа̾ڰ˪ƽŭ֮ǰ޳ǧ

׶ʱѣƵĿУͻȻһƬԽԽ󣬴ӸտʼϡԽԽŨɢĺڴﵽһ̶ȵʱͻȻһ޴ֱۣȻֻһֱۣ̺
ֹʽʹõǵƣֻȴǵܹġ
޳ɣ
˷˶²ٵʱ䣬ƽʱ򣬲Ե˭۷ǿߣңҲĵζߣ޳ȴڱ֮У޳ĺѱǾͺܼ򵥣ֱӽظݻٲͿˡ
޳ҪĻ
ɲ޳Լ֮£޳Ӧ˵ûС
һȷǿ޳Щ֪룬սһֶԼʩչǿĹ
еǸϱۣϢȻףǿȻǿ󣬿ȴұֵ֤ܹס
޳ʱͻȻһʱԹԼһҪΪܶʱ򣬹õķ
޳ԭȥϢٴȼϷĶϱۣһһֱʲôÿµģ

޳ʹó޳߰ŵĻ棬Ȼȴ˾޴ơ
ôᣡ
޳иǿʽ
ڿ̨˱޳һ𺳣Ϊɫƽ޳һǿϢ˿ʼ޳۷ߣ۷塣
ȻҲóƾһУ޳ԵֵסµĹ
սꪣ
սȻһֱ޳ϣȴûʹãΪսꪶξһֱսꪵıֶΡ
֮ǰ޳սˣȻ׺սꪶ޳ĵλ޳ʱʹóսꪣӦñ˵Ѿа취Ըһˡ
ż֣ףһ֮Լɵһô򵥣Ҫ޳Ҳû취ʱ棬Ҫǣ޼ʥصˣôܹ˹Ȼĸ޳أ
ʽ
޳һΪڿֻ۳һսꪵӰʱгֵĲֻǺսꪣһɫâˣ֮ǰ޳Ҳ񣬿ǲܿݣڿˣ˲޳˭
⡭
޳۳ıǶϱ۵ĴСú޳ĸ첲ȣǶϱ۵ڿʱԵø޴󣬿˸ԱȣƿС֡
Щ²ؼ˿Ϊֱ۵ĴСж޳ܣΪһжʧ󣬱ܻԼ
οܵںսꪵ˷ܣܹúսƻĶԲһƷ
޳¶Цݣսꪴδ˵Լ˵ʵԼҲ֪һΡ
ͻȻǶϱ۶ˣӿ͵£ź¡¡½һ㣬ϷĺսҲ˱仯һ⣬Ӻ׷ȥ
޳ɵУͺսꪵӰ϶Ϊһ·Ķϱ˸գ
ôܣ
Ƕϱ۵ǲ޳ϷϢȷȷʵʵǿߵϢ۶ٶ޳ܹģ޳Ȼܹ䵲סܹжֱš
ⲻ֪޳״̬֮£˵ǿߵһ˿ϢǿվԼǰҲܵӰ졣
Ҳ޳һ𺳵ˣܹĸܵ޳ãǷӳȴ˾޴ܹڵԼǶ֣
Լܹ۷Ϊս۷Ķ֣ȴû뵽ȵԼ۷ʱ򣬾Ȼ򾳽ǿܹսԼ
޳ʵ𣿡
еľ޳ʵе𾪡
޳ΪôܹսʤңֻҪܹɱ㣬׻ٵҲں
¿Լôһȴɱ޳סɵ¶ɫһȣϹâʢѪɫĿϢֱڿγһѪɫ֮󣬴ٴһֱעֱ֮Уһ˲Ĺֱ۷·ָѪɫһӰһ֣֮
˶óΪʹһУ˲ľ֮еľѪгɹʧܣɥʧսΪһˡ
ȻԼΪۣ
ҲһټţΪ֣仹Ǹеϧ̾һΪ޳֮⣬ҲΪ˶µĲһжж𾪡
²ؾȣǶϼҵıֶΣһ˿ΪɱʵȻǶϼһĵҩܹһ֮ڻظȫľѪֻǾѪʵҲظ
ϸ½˵ôһͣµ˿ҲûʲôԣϾһ˾޴Ʒ·񾳽һһ޳ܹ赲˵ġ
ҲûаֵܹΨһİվǲһ
Ͼ۷ǿߣ۷޳ͬ飬޳˵ȴѡ
˶Ϊ޳ûϽѪעֱҪݵͣ٣޳Ϊ˵ⳤһͣ٣ǣûУ


2089 Լ
޳ڸʲôѲҪֱӶԿ
޳վŲż̲סµΧ˿ɲֻҶ伸ˣһı˼ˡվ˵֮Χ˷׷
޼ʥصΪʲô޳ͣ
ѵûһʼʱ֮Ĺϵͺ⣬Ƶģ޳ⳡսӮˣ£ܱ˹鰡
ôܣ޳ˡ
ôܣϾ
˵ĶԻʱСèСèߣСèֺСȴ˺ܰĵĸоСè˵Щ˵ǡǱĻӦ̰Ǹɱˡ
СèɬӣɵЦЦ˵İɣ޳һµġ
νҡСè״ʱƣһ㶼ġ
ʽ
޳ٴδһܹܵսǷͺǰ۳ʲôҲҪնȥ
ʱ޳Ҳǳ£߻ŵɫϢǻ涼Ǿ޴аʶ֪̽ˣɵøеһ
޳ʦкˣΪʲôϻ˺˵а
Ҳ̾ϾŨаǳ£ѾԶԶ˶µĲб֮аԽŨ޳ɫԽһԽǿ
޳Ϸһ֮¶ʱƿ·ƿ㿴һۿɼĲ
Ǳ֮ڼϵļͣǿĿ£Ǳֻ֮޳֮мѵɣ
˿֪޳ǿֱӳܶµһûжôص˺񷴵ǱԼһŪǱ
ͶһⳡսʤˣҲܵص˺
¡һ
ضһ͸Ǳ˿ûã岢û̫˺ֻ˲˰Ķᵽɤۡ
˫ҵײһǳɢո֡
з·һŭһӰӳڿУŭĿž޴޳
Ӱ
۷˶ɫΪʱгֵǿߵĲҲɶƣɼһж޳ܹ
ǣ˼һĻˡ
ڳʮĶԿУǺսꪰһ죬ֱӴ͸Ǹϱۣ¡һڵը
޴𶯳˺ܾã̳ʧ֮޳վ̨ϣȴΪĳս̨
޳ǰһѣϾȥ֮޷ˣȴһ
ɫҰףѾܵ޳ԼϢͷ޳ʱÿϧĿ⿴Լ·ΪԼһеա
޳ջĿһɲǣױ׹ڶµǰö¾þò˵
޳Ӯˣ
޳Ӯˣ
ȫһ󻶺Ȼһʼ޳ʹѹĵλɶµηÿһζޱȣ޳תΣΪӮⳡһЩ˵
¶Цݣڳ鴤Цݣ޳жĿ޼ʥ֮սѾٳٳ֮УȻĿҲһʤǷǹԼģÿһεһʤĻᣬôɺϵȻܴڡ
ǰŴΣѾʤһΣǰףֻ֮ǲܻʤˣһսʤ޼ʥأ˵ĿȷڿԺ޼ʥԿˡ
ѹôãڿϣ
վڲ֮ǰԲ˵ⳡ
ϵĵ֮ɢȻܶǿߵϢǿ󣬿ɵ֮ͱϢͬǳվ۷λϢһôҲ޷Ϣ
ⳡĽӦ޳ֵ˶Դ
ԣȴĴÿһ˵Ķ֮С
ⳡʤǡ޳
Ŀ˵Ҫӵģȫ̵ͬһ㣬˶ڻ˶ڼУһЩҪ̨ӵ޳ȴЩǿ߸£Ϊʱսֻ̨޳
˷ܵʱһЩȴɫ
վ֣޳ƣЩߵǴЦݣӵʱڣ޷
á
ԿԵĲ˵ĺѹסȻ£ֳ֮ȴѻȸ
ҲŤͷŽϣ֪Ϊʲôô
޳㻹ʶҲ
޳ŽϣԽϵǿȴûһ㱻ѹȥ˼۽ǵ⳯Ű˪߿Ȼûжϰ˪ȴԼеһɰȵϢ
Ϊ˪Լܣ´ʱ޼ʥء
ȻʶҼסʱ򣬾㽫ߵģҼǵòĻӦǽϰɣ
Цĵ˵ͷ޳˵ʶͺã޼ʥأ𣿡
˵仰ʱȫһȻô£޳ⲻȫûнϼ
޳Ҳû뵽ϻôֱӣɵ㶣˵лϵĿãҾҲҵѣҵİˡ
޳˵ҵİ仰ʱ۾ֱӶ·仰ǿԸ˵һ㡣
ҵİˡ޼ʥȻĶȴ
Ѹ𣿡
֪˵Լ
ɫʱ漴ǸֳɬЦݣ֪ˣԼʲô취أϾڶѾˡ
ȻΪ𾪵Ļϵľ֮ʧ֮ȴֳһ˿Ц⡣а̾ԭ޳СҪЮԼԼӦĻȥ޼ʥ
޳вֻ΢ŭ˵һ޳㻹ϲ˶ˣԼʸȢ𣿡
޳η壬ֱ˵룬Ȼûʸ񣬿һĻɣ
޳ҪԼδ޵⣬һ˿ûκαʾʱΥĻĿ׼ӭѰɣ
ȷûдӦ鲢ûлش𣬲ȴ޳ϣ
޳ӮⳡսȻнģ޳˵㽱㲻ʲô޳ӣǳԾϾⲻǸӴ޳
Ŀܹǿ𣿡
˶ɣռҵĹҲһѷɫ޳ţ޳Ĵ֮£˿ʼĿϣһЩҪȥ޼ʥصˣҲʼԥ
޼ʥص˿һĻɵüͷչ֮ǰײˣж޳ɱ⡣


2090 Ҷ޵뷨
ϡ
¶ϼʵĵҩĶϢ֪Լʱ裬ܶҪԼ֣رμҵˣǶ֮ǰ뻹Ҫ˼ϼ޼ʥصʵ
ұҪ뿪
ʱµʵѾָһϣȴ˿־壬ͺҪոһ㡣
ϼʱվ棬°οã߶˺֮󣬶²ŰȵϢ
ôˣ
ιӣϼǰң۾жʱ¶ֻɫϾҵΪȻ֪ĻȻҲ֪
ϼڶԼʻæشʱѾµҩò೤ʱͻָˡ
һ۾ϼʵǲ֮ǰͶϼҴʲôЭ飬ϼҺμ޼ʥĿ磬ĿպĹϣʵǵͬģǾ㣬ϼ
ϼû뵽ҾȻ֪Լ֣ȻõĻӣȴ¶һϻ̳Ͽֵı飬ҿ飬ɵЦЦ
һЩʵҲվͬһսϣֻҪҵõұܹΪĿˡ£Ϊ۷Ľݡ
ݣ
¶һ˿Ц˵ݶֲ׵ĻɵʯöµĵʯǲǾúˬ
ϼţϼʱƹϼֱ߽µķ֮С
ϼ
߽˲ûлش𣬶ʱɫɳƵ˵ҡ
֮г˾֣֮Ի˺£Ϊҡ
ٸһᣬһɱ޳
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ҺܿͿԴﵽ۷ľ硣
ԶҲﵽˡ
˵֮󣬶µ۾ͻȻ󣬾ֵĿңŴ죬Ҳ֪˵ʲô˵ʲôû˵ĻˣΪһ룬ͷʯ͡
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˼ƣĵ˵ͷ
ʵвҵˣҵıɱɱǹأ޷ĵġ
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㡭㽫ɱˣ
ϼ˵ʱҴΧһ󷨣ϼĴ޷ȥû뵽ϼ޶ۣԼѾ˵ôףȴɲ
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¶Цݣ·˵׾ͺá
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ʱſԼĶϣҲ֪ʲôΣཱུ΢ͣˮ޳ϸŵıˡ
޳ЦһѾͷʳΰɣ
˯޳Ҳý䳳ѡ
ս޳ȻսĻָǿһս֮⣬ûжʲô˺ѹȴںԼս֮˷˲ٵټϱ֮ûϢǼΪԼģҪԼ۵öࡣ
ʱչֳ޳ǿԼٶޣڽԼʱҲ˳㽫ͷڱ棬Ǹ߶ȺԼ࣬Ҳֱ治͵ΪԼ֮ʱȴһӰžһŴˡ
ףˣ
޳ǰıмֱҪð
˲䵯۾ãͷٿµͷԵ޳˲׷ʲô顣
ɫһ죬˵Ǹ޴磬չģȴû뵽Լ˯ˡ
޳˹ܼһۣƽ飬˵û£Ҳ۵ùǺϢɣ
޳ߣɿ޳ǲݷֻõ˵ͷ˵Ǻðɣ
뿪֮޳ſŹܼңû˵㣬˯úúõأȴѣ˵ʲô飬ĻԺͱ޼ˡ
鰡
ί˵һ飬㻹ջظղǾ仰ɣ
޳űʵʲô飿
ˡ˶٣˵涼˵ɱģ
޳üͷһ壬˵˵ʲô
ȷɱ˶£ɵ֮£û֡ɱģҲûʲôηģ˲ɱãȴͷϣǳĲˬ˵˵⾿ô£
޳ôһѵ⣬˶һίҲԼɱģ޳Լ
Լָ˵޳˵֮󣬶ʱ׹˭̫ˣΪݺԼѡɱ˶£еôֻһǱҡ
޳Լ뿪ˣ֪ĻһֻΪԼĵġ
˭
Ҷү͹ŸүȻˡ
ܺã㲻⴫ˣֻ֪̫лûкô𣿡
˵ͷ˿
ڼ飬ȻǲԼȥ顣޳ֱҪֹֹ˵ˣ෴޳Ҫɵ飬۱ôֹҲһɡ
Ȼ޼Һ֪飬ɶ֮ȴ˲䴫˺ܶ˵Ķ֮У˪ϵˡ
ɺϵһ֪ģΪʱһ̸Լ˵飬һҧ޳ġ
üԼ̲֮ŷŭ
û뵽ԼȻĺ߶ǰ֪ʵ룬Ҳܿѵϼ
ֻεĻ˻֣Լ˵ȥɣ
û뵽ʹҲһȫĵطԴʱδָ޳ܹȥ磬ر֮£ɱһС޳
˪˵֮г˲á
ϿЦһʱ˶׷ʲô飬޳ûɱ£ģ˭ɱµμҵˣʲôŷҲ봧װͿ
޳ıѾ˾ˣû뵽ָһ⵨һѵһĿȻܹ˲ţǱµĴ󸣰
Ƕ˵ĻΣһԼѹȡһװɵм䣬ΪѣôǴġ


2091 ѪԼ
˪ĶԽ˵޳ˮ¹ĲӣҪԸ޳һá
֮ǰ㿼޳ˮ¹Ĺϵ˪˵ЩԾ
ǿиֳһ˿Цݣ԰˪˵û뵽ˮ¹Ѿˣѹ޳᲻Ӧǵ룬ȻǲӣǱǻмĻᣬ޳ˣǹƽ˭Ҫż
ȻΪ˺ƣȻ˵仰Ϊ޳޼ʥػˮ¹һϸ¡
˵仰֮ǰ㻹ȹܺԼ޼ʥص˵ɣ
˪˵仰ֱ֮뿪ˣ½Ϻ˿Ц˪Ƣ󣬾֮ǰʶƢԽԽҲԽԽ顣
Ůˡ
ϱ뷢һпɿߵпȥ˵ȻѾ뿪ˣҲˡ
˵ͷ
£뿪֮ǰһ仰Ҫ˵һ£ϵĲֻ֢Ҫ飬κζҩᱻ̸ϳ壬ҽȫһʵһ¥
ֺγ֪أ
̾˿˵ĿôӵУΨһܹȡĵطս֮Уǿ߶ûܹȡ
޼ʥС
˵֮󣬶ʱתȥȻһ仰ףúɣ
˪صԼķ䣬£Ѱѩһ
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ǸͷȻҺ޳Ѿ˵޳ҵ˵£̫ˣ
˪Ҳ̫˵ȫûоԣѩȵɫ֮󣬸ɿһ԰ѩ˵ˮ¹ˡ
ѩδԼʦһϴ󣬴ʱ˪еŬƺʲô飬ֻҪ޳йϵ˪ССͬķӦ
еԭҲˡ
֮ͣжһɴ⣬ȻҲ֪޳ǿ󣬿ɿ˪޳һֱܹԼģҲԼˣоͺܼʡ
޳޳޳
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ʦʲô𣿡
һһȥ޳ˮ¥̨ȵ£
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Ҿ仰õĲʡ
˪ϸƷζһԼԻʱɫһ죬̾ôˣôǷѲǱ޳Ӱģ

Ҷ䣬޳͹ŸۼһҶ֮ʱס
̬ȣ޳һĻᣬҲ˵վ޳ߵ˺Ǳ߸ǿС
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޳ҶĻǲں˵ʲôˮ¹ĸѾ㹻ˣҵĴ̣Ҳû취
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˪ɫһڣǱ·˲Ҫ޳ֱĿ޳͵޳ķӦһ仰Ҳ˵˵£
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޳ʱɱ˼Уֲò¶ЦݣϾֲЦ˪ٻԼһЩӡ
˪ȷӣ޳˵Ҹ䣬ҲҪס
ʲô
סô֪Ժ󻹻᲻˵һ˪˵Ļﲻݾܾ޳ߵĿԼֵһۣŰ˪Ȥҷ䡣
뷿֮У޳ڳһӣ˪һ£ɰ˪ȴüͷһ壬޳˵һˡ
ǣķ䡣㲻Ļ޼еǷ䣬Ժ֮оһշˡ
޳ڴŰ˪Ӳǰ˪ûԸ˵˵Ҿסһˡ
޳Ϻ˷ܣʵȴԽп࣬Ҫǰ˪ЦסԺм䣬ʵôǿ˵ҡ
Ϲ
޳˼ȥʱͻȻ˪˵Ϲ֣ɵһ£ŻԼͰ˪Լ
¶һ˿Ц⣬ʱԼ˪ѹˣǵԼ顣
˵Щʲôȴ˪ٴΰ˵㲻Ҫ룬ֻй¶ѡ
й£仰˵úá
޳֮ǰܵİ˪סÿһŮ˶ǵĽһϹһһƽʱ㺦²ѵŮһô顣
˪´޳޳˵ڶµ飬֪𣿡
òỳҲµְɣ
ҵȻ֪㣬ΪܹҲ֪½ʹ𣿡
޳Ա߰켸䣬˵ǰȥ㶼ûз֡
˵ʲô
ûʲôҵĺӢ䡣
˪޳仰϶ʱ˪𵱳Լ޳ƺԼԼӦŭ޴й
˪ü޳˵ô
ôһɱһɱһ˫޼ҵʵֻҪϼҲ㳲ʲôηġ
޳Ļ˪һΣǲ֪η
ϼҲҪˣֻҪһʵﵽҵ̶ֳȵˣǴھǵķ֮УҲ׵һ֮ȫնɱ
޳û뵽һ㣬Ű˪թĺٺһЦ԰˪˵ⲻǻ𣿡
˪޳ǽթɫ޳ֱҧȴƫƫ޳ûа취
Ҳأ
Ǿû취ˣ
ֻҪˮ¹ұ֤֮ǰ߱㣬Σ
޳ĿŰ˪⻹ǰ˪𣿾Ȼ
ҲǴӦΪ𣿡
ĳΪˮ¹ӡ
֮Ҫʲô
ҺͰѩˮ¹Ӯ˵ĻҲܻһ˵츳Ǳһֻ֮ϳǿ֮⣬ǵĶ֡
һ꣡
ٱһ꣬ˮ¹ǣҲǽˮ¹ļҵ׸ĴһǼˡ
һڰ˪˵һգ۵Ĺ򣬿ɶ޳˵һ£һʱԼܶ飬ڴǧ绹еԼˣҲڹǰ硭
ǸҲô


2092 ޳֮
ǸҲô
˪Ȼ޳ܾԼû뵽ôɴ䡣ʵΪʲô
Ȳ˵ˮ¹Ĺʺһʱ䣬Ҹеġ޳԰˪Ҳ֪˪Ϊ˵仰Լ˲ٵĸӦúˡ
˪ȷˣҲΪɫԵøѿҧ˵޳εˮ¹㡣һʱ䶼úܳȴģҶܹȵ֮ɱ㣬ȴһ궼𣿡
޳һ˪ԵȷǿµĺܣԺԼ˵ʱˡ
ˮ¹Ĺȷ⣬ƺΪ˼Ӵ󹥻Ūӵģ޳ˮһۣʵʵ֪Ķ԰ɣ
ˮüͷ۾޳˵ûƭˣ
ȻûС
޳ջԼ֮ǰ˵Ļˮӣǰ֪顣ˮ²֪ˮ¹ĹʵѾﵽ񾳽һҲˮ¹˶
޳˵ͷ˵ȻμҵĹˮ¹࣬Ǹûˮ¹ĸá
ʱʱӿĺ˪Ҳ޲ߣԼҳõİ취ȴһЧûУϾ޷ⷴãԼôҳأ
˭ҪߣǰѩҲҪ˵𣿡
޳ͷȻѡ˪˵Ȼð˪úô顣ѩͰ˪ˣĶǴŮˮ¹Ů˶ˣĿ˵Ƕôźһ飬ΪĿס
޳Ͱ˪뿪䣬洫ƺȺϼһ˵ԼˣԼ
Ҳڰ˪ţʱô˲ᡣ
޳СˣϷǸԲû뵽ȻұŲ
ֿɤӣ֪˵֮һǹүӡȻֻǹүӣ򿪷֮󣬷ʮˣŰ˸Ȼаˮ¹۷徳ǿߴﵽʮһʱ޼۵ǷĿκһطǺǿʵ
޳СӾȻô³һɣֻĲ㣬ҶͷҲĲġ
ԱߵҶүӰ˹үһۣ˵˵ģңˡ
Ҷͷ㡭
λǰ𳳼ܣԲųģҪп˱һ

үӸǲ˫ȣͦŶӣһ߰ӣ˵ǸһӱǼҪ󣡡
֮԰ô࣬
޳һΣȻ֮ǰ˪ʾĽ˪ǻˣɾйүӺܵˡ޳Ҫǰкùүһ㣬޳ļüŪȴûùүͣ£š
ͻȻ涼˱ٶ֮죬Щ۷ǿ߶ûзӦ޳ܵĺһ֨Ŀʱŵúëˡ
ѵˮ¹ˣ
ЩתͷŰѩѩûнͷųΪҶүɫʱһ䣬˵ѵǡ
æүӴȴȻһʱѾˣϤǿϢпˬ
޳Ϊ˪鷳û뵽ȴԼվ˳޳ܳ˿޳𾪣ˮ¹ĸȻ޳¾ôˣ
˪
Ӯֱҵ֣
˪üͷһ壬ǿ˹үһۣ㱻һ롣
Ҹ
Ǳ񣬷·Ҫֱɱ˹үһ㣬ΧŸǺ
ҶүӸæ˵ҪӮƢҲǲ֪һֱĶĲˣǾԵĹһ
˪̧Щˣɵһ꣬Ͼ˶ͬˣԼҪмҪһ㣬ɴʱԼһ
ˮ¹Ȼ˸鰮ȴഺפһʵǿ޳һۣҲ֪ʲô漴ƿ
㻹һͻ˭ëһϲġ˪˵
ҶүЦЦ۽ȴݺݵؿһ޳Ȼ޳ȴ˿Լһʾ
޳֮⣬ǸԼĺ󱲣Ҷ䣡
תͷѰҶ䣬ʱҶѾ֪ԶԶˡ
һЩ˻֪ǰɴˮ¹֮˭ɵ˪֣׷׻ˡ
޳ЩˣЩ˶ϰԼĻҪȥףȫڻ¡뵽ˣɵ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ҳֹ̫ۣЩֻѣûоվߡҶԶ޳˵⣬㶨˪
޳Ҷһ϶ɫҶ˿а˪ˮ¹ڣ˱ϡ
˪ۿЩˣʵһۼǸʲô
޳塣
˪ͷһߵ޳˵ô˵Щ壬Щһ޳Ĺϵ
޳¶һ˿Ц޳˵û뵽Ե
޳һֻЦҲ֪˪ʲô顣
˸Σⳡ֮зǿ޳˭Űݷð
˪֪һȴҪʣ˿׵ġ
к˺ܶ࣬Ҫģȴǳ٣޳ҪѽһЩ
˪˵仰֮ɨֱ˵ҲͲĨǵˣдҶʶҲʶңҵƢӦ˽⣬Ȼѡ޼ҽã޼ѵĻȻҪְ޳Ҫ޼ʥصǹ޼ҵʵˮ¹ʵɺ޼ʥЩ֪࣬ξġ
˪ֱ˵飬޳Щ֪벻⣬Ͼ˪Ư֮ǰܻһЩѡԼùϵ޼ʥǱֳ߲ìܵͻ֮ˣڰ˪ѯ֮£Щη˪Ӧǿڰ˪ϣҲվԼߡ
ǿɶ۷ǿߣĺӣ˵ǼȻڣǾͱܹ
˪˻ԥٴο˵ԼΪ޳˶޼ʥصģֱ뿪ûйϵ
㿴ңҿ㣬ɫμˡ
Щ˵ӣ˱Ҷ͹Ÿ裬ϲɵ¶Ц⣬ǵĽǶ޳޳Ҳ͵Ц
ЩûЦݣ˴໥ţ۷ǿߣϱ֮ʱҲźͲ֪
ûһ뿪˶˪¶ɫ


2093 
Щ˲ȫڰ˪ϲǸ˵޳츳ڵ۷˲һʱ䣬ζʲô֮޳ͻΪһ۷ԺͰ˪ǿߣܻﵽľ磬ԼֻҪס޳Щʱ䣬ǻԼԺλѱ֤
˪Ҳһ㣬Щʶ˹Ӯ֮⣬̶ģκһ̵˶͹޳Ǳ
˪תͷ޳˵ʣµ˽ˣûʲôĻҪҡ
޳æͷ˪ԼôæԼ֮һҪúлл
޼ʥء
ϼҡ
˵ʲô
ʯǰ棬һһȣǰ˱Ϣ˲ڵϹȦȻ˵ǰ˵үϢŭ
Ϣŭ
󺺹Ц֮һǰ˵Դ˲ʧѪǡ
ҿɲܵ˳谮ĵܵˣҿĻأﻹǰһ޴ʯʯֻһ֡ɷ
¶Цݣ˵ұΪɱµĻңȴû뵽һ֪СӸɱˡ޳ֺ֪ͨʵΣܲ˷
һ䵶ʱ䵶ĵ֮ϻѪȺǰʬ壬Ż¡
صϼңڶϼҵſڱԼĸ׵Ŀ͸׵ŭü̾Ȼˣֻһ˶ѣõô𣿡
ǵ߽ȥڶϼҼǰ˵ҵܱܵ޳ɱˣҪȥ𣬻׳ȫ
ͱȥңܵܶϵˡ
ϿԼ׿˵ֻɵһۣǿ˵ףѾﵽ۷ʵֻ۷ѡ
򸾶˲ûΪĻģæ˵Ѿȫյĺɽʯĵ飬Ҳ
Ѿˣ
Ͽݵͷ˵Ȼ
ȥɣȥܱܵⱾǸӦ顣ѵǸɱǵĺȴȫܲ𣿡
ڶĸ׵ɿ֮£ϼҼͬ⡣
ֱô󷨽㴫ʹȲҪ֣£һһЩ۷ǿ߸ȥ˾ǺͣҪסҪһ㡣ûʮ֮ǰǧҪ֣
Ͽݵ˵ͷ游ǰ棬⴫֮ǰ˵ΪʹһҪľ޴ԴԵΪֹʹǰĿ硣
˷֮ɫȻʱӻ֮󣬲ĻϵЦݻӿš
֮Уɱ⡣
ֻҪԼ޳ɱǴԼȶǿ󣬶ϼҵļ֮λһԼģ鳤֮λҲһԼģ
һ֮ȫʧˣһʱ۾ǰˣһùã
ǸŮ˻ͷŶϿݣǷǳ죬Ȼϲ˵ⲻǶϿô
ˣǰһ
ˣ
Ůˣĸ֪µ飬֪ȥ֮ԶϿ˵㻹ȥܰɣԴ֮һֱһҶһ㶼֪
ⲻ֪֪
Ů˵ɫƺһ飬²޳ɱˡ
֮󣬺ܿҵϼϼ˵һ飬Ӷϼʼ˵𣬰޳ͻ䣬ڱ˵һսһֱܵص˺޷ȶ˵һ顣
ʱȫҵ˼˵ȫκεë˵֮˿ϿȻǶһƢŹ֣ȴҲǿѹ˵ѹ֮£ó˵ѶЩΡΡ
ˡ
ʬأ
ΪΣǵĻо綾Խٻˡ
ϿϳֹЦݣϼһë·ַ·ڸϼ˵
ȷǺΡʬյҲãأ
ϼƻóϿϸţ漴˵ͷܹ׸ƻ޳ȷɱ˶µ
Ȼϼɱ²˵ЩȴԼһΣ֮Уæ˵ҪС޳ʵ̫ѷɫͷ˼кܶǿߣˮ¹ˣ޼ʥص֮ǰǧҪ޳
֪ģ
˵仰뿪ȻҲûл
ϼڷ֮ԥ˺ܾã͵˾ԼȻѡվߣû·ʲôϢ뱨Ҳȫġ
ܵ˵һ顣
Ͽˣ
ź̾˿û뵽ϼһû˼һˡ
֪²޳ɱġ
Ȼ֪ںȻ˽Լı磬ȻҪɱ˶£һ˱һ룬Ǹ˱ǶϿݡϿҲǲͶȣ츳Զŵõ۷壬Ҿﵽ۷壬ʵҲôǿ󣬺ȣʵ̫ɫˣ˶ʼѶϼҵɶϼҵļ̳ȫ˶ϿݵĴڡԣ㲻õĶϿݻǵ鷳ǲ޳ɱģֻҪϼǱ϶޳ɱãֻҪ޳ɱˣɱȣɱ޳Ǽ򵥶ˡ
ϼϾڻʹ޼ʥص鲢˽⣬ԼЩ֪ǣϿҪȥɱ޳ôܹ޳޼бƳҪ֪ʱ޼ҿǻ㼯˲ٵǿߡ
ϿݲɵѾЩڴϿݵıˡ
¶ЦݣЦֻ飬һ»һ
޳Щ˰Ժ棬֮ǰЩ˶Ժ֮оס
˪Ҳ޼ҵĹ죬رΪʲôԺм仹һԺӣ
԰˪ѯʣ޳һʱҲ֪Ӧô˵˰컺˵򵥵˵סԺˣ˵ǳҪסˣҶ˵ǳҪ
˪ǳҪĸ֣ɫ΢죬ԼҲסУ˼ǡ
޳Ҫ֪е뷨һ͵ģΪ˪ǳҪŽ˪Ϊ˪ʵǿסԺ֮иױ˵İȫ򵥵˵һ
Ȼ޳пô룬򲻸ô˵˪ǿֻ˵仰֮㶪˰
˵ҵĺţһ飡
ʲô飿
޼ҵĻɴɲժ£ֲû
У
޳˪ȻؾһģʵΪʲô
˪۾һУ޳ȫëͺڸ޳˵˵ĻľҪ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ʱ˿̣Ǹ޳һӣҲˡ


2094 ҹṫ
˵ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵ˪΢΢ü޳˵ģ
޳̾˿
Լûü԰˪ʾлأȻԼ
˭
ң
޳ÿһֻл飬ûһ¡
ţı˳ȥţüͷԱ˵ô㣬㲻Ǳϳ޼겻ɢأ

ĳԾ֮ɫĿ޳·ѯ޳Լʲôʱ򱻸ϳ޼ˡ
Ȼң޳ɵа룬Ӳȥǲˡ
漴ӦķӦȻǶǽһѸ٣һæס޳Ĵȣ˵ҪҶ޼ҿĹһķˣ
޳˵ʲô˵ɣ鲻ҪԻϳȥ
˽ˡ
ʲô
˽ˣʹˡ
޳˫۶ʱѪɫû˿޳Ůˣû˿вĵ˵İȫһһĴ޳Ǹеľ
޳ϵϢ˲ɢȥ۷ǿһԼ߳¶ֵɫ
ѵ޳ħˣ
ħ߱Ƶĸƣڸ־ҵĴ̼֮£ȻܹʱڴԼΪɸĴȴϣ
ԣĵľԼħ
˳޳Ҫһʱ䣬Ͼ˭֪޳߷ʲôԺ֮лһ˪޳ħһзӦӦǰ˪
͵޳Ҫ뿪޼ҵ˲䣬ͻȻܵһ޼ҵķ֮У˿ûеֱֵӳ߶
޳еǣԼվԼǰıⱫʵȻﵽ۷壬ôٵǲܶ㿪ġ
޳ħ˾ѾܾˣܵǹϢȴһЩңԼǱĥ޳ϡ
޳ͻȻˣֱƣǰ·ߣ۷ǿߣһǷϵġ
оԼȣΪǹԼЧתͷһ޳ѪԼȴ
ڽӴѪ֮˼֡
޳ҵϣҶȤҶȤҪĻ뿪ǣһֱߣұһˣֻȷһ˵ʱŻ֡
ʱ˪Ҳӷ˿ֲ޳Ҳǲɵһ£漴֣ϵϢԽԽ£Ʋ֪޳϶ٱ
Щ۷ǿһ֣֣ٿŰ˪޳˵Ϣ˭Ҳû˵
ͻȻ
޳ˡ
߬ʵԵʱ޳飬޳ƣȻۿɼٶȻָ֮ѾϣѪڣŸղܹˡ
һȺ۷ǿߵѹ£Եľս
뿪ɣҶ䣬ҸҶ˵ҪģһᴦҾԽ
˵ͷ׼뿪
šͬĻҲ·Цͱ˵һ顣
뿪޳ŽԼѹƵϢͷųһʱЩ۷ǿ߸ѹȥ
޳ô
ѩδ޳¶Ϣɵֵּġ
޳ʱȻŭԴȴǸ侲԰˪˵ûвеϢ
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˪һҧǹУ˵һַǳǿݹҲûа취
Ϣأ
ҲûУ
޳ü˵ӦǽȷˣʵٶôѸ٣֮ߵģҲֻзԪء
޳ȺпȥԪصǿ߶Ӧò֣οҲûֵɡ
ȻֻǺͨһۣȴҶүӺ÷үӽĸҲûвԼɫѾ仯
ͬʱ̾޳ֻ۷ΪôоҶĶ֡
ȻǶ޳ӵľηȴԺ޳ӵģ޳ʵһǼһ֮д
޳̾˿ʱѾû취ˡֻҪԼǰȥ̽ˡ
Լ뷨˵ȻϸֳȵɫȴûһֹΪһȳİ취
ɭ֮С
ľ֮䴩УȻ΢ϵȷǳһżɫ֪һ·ûߣֱϿݵΧ
ιӵٶȺÿ졣
άˣһˣܴﵽٶȲȻ˵ŹάĻȴûа㹧άɫɻĿŶϿݣ˵Ϊ˴ѵգ㻹ܹѳֵס
ȷһΪûУϵȴǾˡǲٴδˣιӸȤĻҿȰŵιһᡣ
¶Цݣ˵ǰǿɲֻһ飬ҹ֮пܲŻ㡣
ϿЦЦ֪ΪΣȻʵңȴһɲҡ
ҵĻЦһң˵ͺúðɣ
ҲףϿô׵Ľ˸Լ
ɵס˲䣬һǿзûУֱӱɳȥ
һ£ɵ㽫üɽͣʱȫǶɽ֮УãѹȻֹͣˣ֮Уǹȴʴ塣
һûᣬϧɱ鷳һεĿֻ޳ã
Ͽ˵֮ٴ÷ԪؽԼסɵÿЦһȻ޷õ㣬ɽ㵱һһѡ
޳ӦˣֻҪɱ޳ϼҵļ֮λһҵģ㡭ûһܹ㣬Ҳᣬ޳ᣬҲᣬһõ㡣
ֻûһˡ
޳ԶȻ޳ȴþòӰ
ܵ޳Ϣô᲻أ
û°ɣ
޳תͷһʱ޳ѾжڷԪصĿƣǽԼڵϡ
޳֮ǰѾ˪˵ˣ˪ǧҪӴһµ󷨣ܵ˪ʮ֮һĹ
޳ɲðգȻֻʮ֮һҲԽԼɱ
ûܵ˺ɵ˿תͷŶϿݣɱȻ˵һ˭ΪʲôҪң
˭ϿЦЦϿݣΪʲô㣬ȻΪɱҵܵܣұɱ֤ұҵܸܵǿ󣡡


2095 İ˵
ԭǶϼҵˣ
޳û뵽ϼҵķӦȻѸ٣ʱ鷳ҲͰˣȻҶԲˡ
޳ǾЦݣ˵Ϊܱܹܵ⣬ȴ򲻸öֵ֣ʱ򣬾עҪܵһȥ
޳˵֮ڣȴֶϿݵɫЩԣƺЦЦ
˵ˣ㲢Ϊ˶£˵ʵɱ˶£һҪлأϿݿϧҡҡͷ˵ȻҵϣǸáɱֻΪ˸ϼҵ˿һ£ɱ˵ˣɱһ󡣡
ڵڶЦ䵶޳˵ڶ֮սֻ㣡
۷ǿߣʱ޳Ҳһս֮ΪԼɵӦԣɵܵۺϢ֮󣬲ɵ΢΢ɫ
˲ֻǿƶˣʵҲ鵽˲䣬ܵһɵԼ߻һ˵Ϣ
Ͽݸܵ˿ѷɫ޳Ȼ˵޳ɿǿ޳һʱ仹ΪԼˡ
۷ʵ
ϸһ£ⲻ۷壬һǸո̤۷岻ãףΪ֮͵޳ɱµģµʵǽӽ۷ľ
ȤȤȻ˵츳Ⱥȴû뵽ϾȻţͬʱڵȣҪԶԶҵʵ֮ɫз̬ĿУŸɱ붼˷ܣ𣿡
ϧȴʵƽƽƽƽɱ㣬˵һѰ顣
޳ãһͶ¹ϵô֪һǼʶµ츳һ°ܽʵˣ޳ǰʲô֡
޳ֻ˵˵ûаСǰ˵˼Ͼ˵һ۷ǿߣԼѡ
һɽ֮УȻûлָȴָ˸֪ʹȻɵһ鴤۾оǾ֮ɫھ֮¶һ˿Գ
û뵽ͷȻϿһһ츳ȷһ㣬޳֣޳ȴӦòǶ֡
ܵ޳ͶϿݵϢǳӽ㰲ĵų֮е
ת˲֮䣬Ѿս£ϿݲûöôǿĹÿһ䵶֮УȫٶȣԾ޳һ˲ҪĹҪ߳Ĵ֮£޳ռϷ磬ǶϿݡ
޳æȥ֪ԿֻԼ
Ͽ¶һ˿Цݣ۾ͬӥһ㣬˲޳ߣǻЦ⣬޳˵ΪԼܹô׵İҵľ𣿱ˡ
˵ʵȷ޳е壬޳ҲǺǵġ
ӰȭʹóӰȭӽԷټ޳ٶȣ޳˲ͻһˡ
ôᣡɴ۾û뵽޳ȻỹܹǿԼ¡һ˿⣬ר޴̿ͣƲԱܵҪߣͶµ
Σԥˡ
ʱԼ޳뿪޳츳ǱټμҿܺͻҺԸԼ
Ҫöϼ֪ԼʧˣһҲϡ
֮󣡡
ֻǺһɶ޳˵һ޴Ļᣬһʽ޷˺۷ǿߣֻмΪǿƵ似
ΪܹҵδҲ̫˰ɣ
ȷǺܼ򵥣˵ʵӿʼڣǵм֮⣬ĶԶԶѷɫڶ£˻ɣֵ𣿡
޳˲Ѫ˵仰ΪˣƤӣҪϿݵעӶ
ʲô
ֻҧסĶϿݣ˲䶯ã޵Ʒֻڿͣһ˲һ˲Ĺ򣬶޳˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
֮󣡡
ɫ˲ȥڽӴϿ֮ǰȱϿݵķݵסһ˲䣬޴Ļɭ֣޳Ϊ㣬һֱȥһĴɽ޳֮ȫ
޳Ҳȫˣսһֱ󷨵ѹ£޷ʵӳҲû뵽ԼһѾǿ˹
޳Լŵˣ˵ɻԵĶϿݣȫڱԼűסл
ûأ
ϿѾ֮⣬޳æ̧ͷʱ޳һ޴սꪣһڵӡ
ȻҶ˶֣ôܹ뿪
ڿгһ޴ĺӰǺӰеѾӽʵ壬޳սꪻ£ź¡һ·ڽظи
ɢ
޳վڶʬǰ棬ڵĴϢţʹǿ似Ȼĸ
޳Цһڴڵţȥ
һ·ȴֲս״̬·ڲĲš
Ҳֲ޳̫ڽ飬ոպͶ¾һ֮սʵȻѾָȴûȫָټϵ֪ڱ˵ϣǳĽţֽŵ֮£Ƕ˼ĸʱܹ·ѾǷǳ˳Ԥˡ
Լܵ˺ǰֳѾˡ
ɽмѾǹϳ壬ոմɽ֮гȴѾƽܲϿݵϢɵһ޳ٶȾȻô죬ѵʵҪȶϿݸôࣿ
ʱԼҲʼЩ޳
ʶ޳ҲĽһǰһģһ޳ǿԼȿԲѴ֮Ľɱ
ʱãȻվɭ֮Уʲô鶼֪ǽŵɫ޳ʱϵĽŸȴʧ
Ǵ۾¶ɻɫ촽ʵ޳ǲǴ㣿
Ȼɲʶ޳޳ȴеı仯
ȥʱΪԼ˺ܵĻԼ⣬ȴͬʶԼԼ
޳ʶԼαװС̫ಢûЧֻЧҪʱŻֶѡ
ؼҡ

޳˻ȥո׼ʩչʱȴһСԼ
㵵ĿһЦ޳˵߰ɣ
һ˲䣬޳оԼΪһжֵõġԲΪĳ࣬ΪԸ񣬶Լλ֮ĸ顣
Ȼûм䣬ɸղŵһ˲䣬ƺˡ
޳һؾǡ


2096 Ů˸
һԿŵҴסˣ뿴޳ķɵһĻȴû뵽ȴԼδ޺޳ǣ뿪
޳
һȣǱѹƵʵ˲䱬ɽ嶼ݻ١
ʱ޳ޱȵҸʲôҲûᣬžǸȥû߶೤ʱ䣬ͣ
ǰƺƵһȺˣ֪ĻΪȥ޼ʥأ
ֻ޼ˣг·Цҵ޳Ҳǵһοҵ۷ǿߣɿôһȺˣһԾ
һֱΪĿֻ֮ˮ¹Ϊǿ󣬳ˮ¹Ҳûطˣϼûжôע⡣
ϼұϾǻңһֱʮ۷ǿߣ˼޳ûн˴ǹǴҲҪ޼ʥ֮Уƣ޳еη塣
ֻ޳һ˱㽫ˣ˿Ҫ޼ʥؿսҲнޱȡ
޳ǣ֣ɵɻŰ˪
ǰ˪µģȴû뵽޳ܹ˽ӽ
Ŀ⣬˵ҲµеŵʱԶͷ޳ͬһһְĵĸоĵΪ޳һε˲Żӡ
˪ĽͣȻʲô˼ȴɸеȣϾʱʧ״̬
֮޳𣿡
޳ǶӣҲڻ֮У˵鲢֮ǰΪ޳ԼĿƣһԸ׷أɿһĻˣѾ˶
һӴĻϾǺµɫ
ģѾûˣһжѾȥˡ
޳˵һ飬޳һʵ˵ԼζԸϿݷ׷˵ûһ˿
˵һ˶Ը۷ǿߣһʤˣ
𾪵Ŀ޳
޳սʤ¾Ѿ㹻ˣȴǿս۷۷Ĳ࣬Щ˶磬ɾ޳ʤˣ
ǿһ֮˶ɫϾζţǶһ޳۷ǿߵĶ֡
һһǿ
ȺҲ֪˭˵ôһ仰ҲǹүӣҲֻŸֳ޼ɵ˵
¶һ˿Цݣ֪Լˡ
޳˵ĺܺãȻҲΪ㣬ҾͲˡ
޳¶һ˿ЦݣΪо˵仰ͺԼһһ㡣
޳Ⱥ֮еİ˪һۣȻǰ˪µģȻ˪Ҳܹ⿪һ󷨽⿪ļӦûָˣʱԼһ޼ʥ֮⣬Ŀνһġ
˷ٶȷǳ죬֮ص˾ǣһȥ޼ңһֻػʹ˫һֿ֮ŷ޼ҵȻͻҲ࣬Ҿ˪Ҳվ޳һߡ
ȻǺƽ飬ɵ˫ֱͣ̾Էǿ֮ʱ˵¶εɫⲻǴ޳յвҵ֪ͨ
οʱ޳ӰֻҪԸ⣬ֻҪһ¾ͿԵ߸磡
군ˡ
Ҷһ԰̾κͳ߶Ը⿴вԼĴڣԼĶӶôο޳ˡ
֮ǰ޺ϼһֱ顪£ʮˣǲû޳ȴˣվŵİ˸ǿ߱õ֤
ʵ̫ˣ̵ĿԺ
ͻȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʲôҲû˵ֱ뿪ˡ
ʲô˼
˶ڲ²⣬޳вĻһȡжʱЩ˿ɲֻ޼ʥغ޳ѡѡ޳ͬʱҲҪԼվ޳ߣվڻǱߡ
Щδ̫ˡ
ȻЩȣûнϡ
ص޼ҡ
˵Ҫ֮£޳ٴνʱĳ˵һ飬޳ĻûһЩ˲òʵ
޳ǧȺʱİ˪վ
ã޳ҲҪʰ˪
˻ص˪ķ䣬˪ܵĲ󷨣ϣ޳ɻʵôˣ
޳Цһεĺܺãȴûӹ˪۾ҲãӲˡ
һи˲̱ڵϣ˸£˵ЩʲôȴͻȻܵԼͷůˮԪذˡ
ȵĿŰ˪˪ͷŤȥ˵Ҹʲôˮı̬֮һҼȻܹݱȻҲܹʹˮԪأʲôþȡ
ǣû뵽ҵĺôңҲŸ£ͺԾĸˡ
˪ɫʱ۾׺ݵĿ޳˵˵ʲô
ǵ޳νɹؼ޳ϵˮתɱԪأǿһûУԼơ
ҴҴˣ
󷨵ı޳ҲԼᴫȥ
컬࣬Ҫ㻹ô˵ĻСҰͷ˪Ȼ˵𻰣ĸԣȴһ˵ˡ
޳æ͡
˵ģͷԷȵʱȫ״ԺʶԼ״ֻ±˵۷ˣһ۷ǿߣ㶼֪ܴܲù
ͷԷȻָ޳ħ״̬˪˵仰Ȼڳ޳޳ȴܵ滹顣
Ǹж𣿡
޳ԵŰ˪ڵӣƺǱԼжˡ
Ӧ÷ֵôףҲӦڸжıһУǱĽ˪ҲһŮˣҲڴи˻᲻ԼԼİΣ
⼸֮Ⱦһ£ĻָӦúܿͻƸָȲҪʹóȻٴʹֻƼأ𣿡
޳˵ͷʾԼˡ
˪޳ԼҲûж˵ʲô
ˣҵĺţһҪ㡣
ʲô飿
޳ǰ׺˪޳һۣ뵽ԵĹأҲû޳
ϵ㲼µ𣿡
Ҳ˵𣿡
޳ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ˵󷨣ǸѹסΪֻʣһ󷨡
˪ɫ΢䣬ʵ޳˵ʲô
˪ı޳֣˪ǹ䣬ٻ¶ֽŵɫȴ¶һӡ
ѵ飿޳Ȼܲţɳ֣޳ҲҲݰ˪
޳пһˮ¹ôһĿĵģѵ
룬ҵͽܣȻһǲӣôẦأ˪·ܹ޳˼ֱ˵޳뷨ҽ䷴
һжǹġ


2097 

޳죬ܹܵ˪еЩɣɼô˪Ҳûͬ⣬޳ҲԹɣɻˮ¹ǿǽ
˪޳ڵӣ¶һ˿Цһ˿˵͸ɣͲ𣿡
·޳Сȴ޳޷͡
ҲϾʵ
˵࣬Ȼ޷ͣǾĥӲԭ¡
ҵĺţҴˣ
޳ٺһЦ԰˪˵лһɻ󡭡
ʲô˵ɣ
ѵǸ󷨾㶼ⲻΪʲô·Цн⿪ӡİ취
ڴ֮ǰ޳һֱΪǺҲµģ·ЦҲùŸʹùŸ⿪󷨡
˪¶һ˿ɻʵ·Цǣ
޳ͣǷһߣˣ˵ǸСӰ
Ȼʲôӣ޳ܵԳ·Ц˳
СһСɱˡĴźһΪ󷨣ԺҵΪǿʵȻˮ¹ȣԶˮ¹ʮ֮һĿ˵Ѿˡ
˪˵ôĿģȻҲ֪Ϊʲôʲôܣ̫ʱ䣬չ˵ʮʱӡ
ڣ
ǵʮꡣ
˪ô˵޳ֲ֪ΪʲôҲеǳĽš
˪Ȼ˵󷨽⿪֮ʱˮ¹֮ʡ
֮ʣ
һ죬޳һֱϢȻܵصѹ岻ָĻʲôˡ
ο
޳һԼ壬ʱܵȫÿһطͬǴʹзǳȫ棬ͷָ׶ܴ
ڰ˪֮£һһܲˣʱûһͺ
˪ǹⱨ
޳ҧ˵˵Щݻʱȴоһǿſа˪ĻӰҧгݵ˲Цӡ
ղ˵ʲô
û
޳ֻ׸ķݣɲҵ˪
˵ˣҾڱ㡣
˪Цһ˵˵ǴкôһֱźܵĻԶһ£Ҵ֮еΪжͷţӿ޸塣
޳ĻԼᶯһ¶۵Ҫôܹ˶
Ű˪Ӱʧг˷ߺޡ
ͬʱʹϼķ֮С
ϼǰң˵ιӣû°ɣ
ͷϼ˵鱨ϼң֪ϿҲɱˡ
ϼȻõϢһʱûţϾ޳ͶϿ֮ʵž޴Ĳ࣬Ͽôܻᱻ޳ɱ
ɴҿ˵ɾͲһˡ
޳ʵôǿ𣿡
ҲûϸµĹ۲ǳսϾʱѾԹ˲Ͼɸܵ޳Ϣֻݡӡ
Ȼһ˵ʵǿ󶼲£µ޳Щ֮ǰԼҲɵÿʼġ
ԼμҵʵȻǿ󣬿ϾĿ޼ʥأôܹμҵȫأ
ʱԼѡԼҿϼһۣԼ˵㽫Ͽ˵ԽԽãöϼҶһЩǿǰ
ϼ˵ͷ
ϼһӣϿȻɱϾǴ֮һ˶޳ϡЦЦһгӣϼҵķŭ˼ҶԳܣοһСС޼أ
ϼҵĻ鱨ϼҡԤϣϼ˶޳֮ǣȻû˵ô޳һɸǰ
Щ޳֪ʱ䣬¶ĻΪʲôûһңѲǰ˪ең
Ƿǳܵ顣
ʱҶϯף޳Խս۷ǿߣһǿ߸նɱ
Ҳ޳Ҷ˵˪ӦԺ飬ˮ¹İţȻû˲ʲô顣
ǾƵζ˵ζ޼ҵ֮УΪ޷ɢԸۼ޼ҵÿһ䡣
޳ҲһȳԻ
һԻ˵ʱ״̬ܵ顣
¹
ھ㷹޼ң֮¡һƬ嵭뵡֮ϣһŮӾվݶ·϶Ϊһ
Ůǰ˪֪ΪΣ˪ûдɴ·֮䣬ʵǿˣҲע⵽
ǡ
޼һεСͻȻϳһֵġӰӣ˳ӰӵķȥŴͣ˷ܵغӣ쿴ӣ
˪¶һ˿΢ЦСӵ۾Ƚϴܹ࣬˪ɵ˳ʱ򣬿Сָķȴ¶ɻɫСԴ˵˵Ӱ
û뵽޳֮Ȼ֣Ǿȴ٣⵽Ϊʲôأ
۾գϣܹõĳ˵ָ㣬ɽӽһӲŪȥɱԭ״ա
𣿡
˪̾һһʧ
֮ϼӭһЩˣÿһﵽ۷ľ磬һˣΪ׵ʵȻҪĸ
ˣ
̿Žڵϼ¶һ˿ŭɫϼ˵ƽʲôˣôõ츳ȴڵΪΪһ㲻úѵ춼ֻ֪𣿡
̿ϼ֮󣬻ûɣһʹϼǰһ㶼̧ͷϼ˹ϵãҲǳȻˣȴҪȶϿСʵҪȶϿݸ߶ˡ
ܶ˵ʲôϼţֻҪ̽ϼѵ֮󣬲Ż˽
ˣʲôʱģ
ڶϿ֮ͳˣϿأôûѲһ˾ͽ޳ȥˣ
ѯʡ
ɵϼɫ֮ʱüͷʵôˣΪʲô飿
ϼһʱ֮Ҳ֪ô˵ȴѾµˡ
Ͽˣ
ڶϴɱ۾ϼ˵˭
޳ɱġ
ôܣ㲻˵޳ʵֻ۷ôɱϿݣҶϿڵʵ֮ǰͬѲ޳˶֣
ϼ˵ɶ̸ڵʱ䣬ʱҵ˵޳֣˵һټţұûʲôôὫϿݸɱأ
ȱż˵
ϼϿݺ޳֮ս˵ûͼӴףȫ̽ӸԼ˵ɾҲôĲʵһǿߣȻ׵ı˴ܣ


2098 Ϸ˪
޳ʵǿ󣡡
̾̾
û뵽һȻôǿʵԺͻһϸߵ͡
Ȼ
̸ո˵꣬⴫߽ʱȵɫ
ôɻ˵
𼤶
һ߽Զ˵ϼүǰȻ͵õϢˣ޷Ϊ޳Ҳһ
̺ͶϿݲͬȻҲȷԼǲҵĶ֣ڶϼҵĵλҲҶ
ҲԸ޳
ûʱӦ˵˰ɣ޳ϲҵδޡ˵ʱɫûһ仯·һ㣡
Ϊʲô㲻ɱ
μҵɱ޳ҲӦ֪ʵǶôǿ󡣡
ҵ˼ѾǳˣҪͶϼֶѡ
ҲûκɲӦϾǶ޼ʥأ޳Ƕ˹ͬĵˡ
ӦôԸ޳
ܼ򵥣֡ȴ

ʱʲô鶼ûз޳ȫָˣĥʱ޿̲˪ɵ˪Լǰʱȴʲô˵
޳˵һӣΪ׵ӡ
޳򿪷ţҪ䣬侲һԼ˭֪һţϢѹֱ֣޷
ε̾˿ʱѾףԭŵĲֻԼһˣϾ۳ɰ񣬶˺ܶˣʮǵ
ȻЩ޳˵мֵ
޳ߵ˪ķǰ棬԰˪Ӧû֪̽ǷŲûд򿪣ţȴҶںסԼ
ˣʱ򸱹Ѿ뿪룬ʱӦ߰ɣ
޳תͷȥֲֻҶ䣬йŸվں档
ʱŸϵϢǿ󣬾ͺ˿ûѹƱʵһ㡣
޳ɲɵøеԾ֪ʵôǿҲΪˣŶԹŸе𾪣Ŷôʱ䣬Ϳȫˡ
ŸһֱֵĺСһֱҶ޳ĻٵǸˣϱϢ˾Ϊ޳ҶĴ֣ǶˡŸһΪȵģƾ޳СèͿΪ޳һֱս
һ˵ˣȴ޳ҶΪĵˣΪĴڣ޳Ҷܹ˷ս
еǿߡ
ȻǿߣҲʧȥƽʱ侲̬
Ÿ裬ڸʲô
Ҳ֪ô£ֻͻȻеԼѪ޳˵ҵһѾܾˡ
ǿܾˡ
һʤ֮ͿԸǣСèҲԹϿӡȻʧܵĻȻźҲһսᣬܹ۷ǿս١
ҶЦһԹŸ˵˷ҲҪ޳ڱǰͷˣȻҲֻ޳Ƕǣ
ôеҶеڿ˵˼ҲգڵҶҶ䣬ԽǸеĶ࣬Խܹеİ
һᣬЩǿҲ׷׳֣ϾһӣΪʮǿߣȻӦõ
˵һĿģǱǰ޳
޳һȺվԼߵˣ˵лˡ
ȥʹ׼ǶĿˣЩ˶޼ʥصˣڿ͡
޳Щ˵İţаԸ̣ԼҪ磬ô˵
޳ֻһǿߣ۷ľ磬ǵĵλȴҪʮǿߵλҪһЩλûС
߽ߵĶ˶ǳǿߣһǰ˪һ޳ֻһľƹߵǸˡ
޳ʱ;ʵû뵽ȻﵽͰ˪һľ硣ҲȻѾȥ˲죬ɲÿ˵Ļָ޳һ
ѩ˵ԼͶµıʱ֪ԭµʵûдﵽ۷״̬ںͱսʱϺüѨλˣʵ½һɣһɣɾ޳
޳Ա죬ǳлġ
ھƹߣһλ
޼ʥص˻û޳ٲȻΪ˵Ľ㣬仰벻޳Ȼ޳еο޳ģԾĸоϵĵּˡ
Ȼʮ壬Ȼٲ⼸ң༸ҵǶȻӪͬƽûʲôޣֻԼҡ
۾Ķ޳·Ҫǳȥһ㡣
޳˵ʱ״̬һֻͶ·Ķ񹷣˾ҧ޳ɲôҧҪǸǰĻֻһŽ߿
£޳ˡкҶޣ˾Բӣ޳еǱһҪ£Ͼڰǹ׶㰵ѷ
޳һۣԷֹаˡ
볡˿ǽǣ޳Ҳûпѩԭʦͽ˶˻ʹ
ѩ֮Ǳߵ֮£˶侲˶ɻѩĳ࣬ǸŮ߽ʱ򣬱İѩһ˲ĹеĿⶼŮߡ
ô࣬ͮͮ촽첽ȥ
ף
¶һ˿ЦݺͲᣬ˵°ɣ
˵ͷɵߣѹס½ǣΪԼʱܹץס۾͵͵Ⱥ֮ɨӡ
ݿɰ̬κ˿ɵϲ
޳˰˪һۣܹܵϵķѾˣĴ㽫
أ˻ָ̬ȾƵĺȾƣ죬ȻϵǿߣоСû̫
Ųʱ˶
첻󣬻ȴħһ㣬˽ĿƹȥȻֻһ˵ĸоﵽ۷֮ϣ˶оÿһľǿֻ·ѣӰûпȴԺԼսĻ棬ͬΪ֮£ƾǿ߰ѩ
Ȼǿ󣡡
޳Ѿµ˭ˣ֮⣬˭š
ȷң޼ʥһ֮У˵ǰ棬ҲñϹϾվҵ
ҵĸͷߣһ߼ң˵УȴǳĸߵͣҪӲܿ
ôܣ
޳ԵҶүӣҲǼʶˣϾѾôˣȴδһϾȻг֮Ϣִﵽ۷߶ѹȥ
Ҹŵǣҽ֮󣬳˺ƹͰ˪֮⣬ȫԡ


2099 
˲ͬҲаǶµİֻ˸еֻ˸е
ܶ˵һοң׷ױҵǿϢʵ۷Ƚ֮£޳ѷɫһ
ʣ
һֱŹЦݣһ֮ΪʣȻǶһεг
˵δ̫żˣŮûгأ
Ҳǫѷ˵ǡ
˽ǳԾޱȣһô˵
ҵǽϣ˶ԽϱȽϤ׷״кҲϷǿһ𣬱Ͼʵ
޵֮ͬ£޼ʥμҵ˻
۷ˣ֮ʮ۷ǿߣź첼ĶЩȻƸ
µһһǻҵŮƸȻС˵ƸĶҲ޼ʥݡ
ԵЩ˳ʱ˵Ŀⶼۼϡ
Ҳ¶һ˿ɻ󣬽϶Ƹ鱣ܵĺܣԼôѯʣһ̸ֱܶصӸЩƸ˸Ȥ
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⻰˽ĿⶢĵҩΪῴԶ֮Ķȴû뵽ҩֻһ·ѡ
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2100 ˮ¹
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Ҳһߣ˵ЩҪһĿصĶ࣬˵ĻԻὫĿͳελóȡЩ
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ҲѹǶ˻ϡЦЦվ˵޳ǶμҵĶԹӦ֪ɣһҪһףڶ޳ԸҴ籨֮߱Ӧòɣ
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޳ΪѾָˣˣûлָڷʡ
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Ҳף֮ôĥΪ޳Ϊ޳̫ӡˣԽҪԽױ˵޳ֵʱѾ֪Լѡ
޳۵Ŀܵʹֻ࣬Լһеһ۶ѣȫܵ޳İ⡣
ɫ΢䣬۵һ˿⣬˿Ⲣֻ޳׺޳ˡ
ԹŮһüֵҶȻסúõسͷǣǶһܡ
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޳ɲںʲôߵǰ˵ڣ
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2101 
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ҶڵʵվֱһôûУȴףվһ˲䣬ĲԼҶҡ
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ǵ֮ȫĹ⣬зȨǿһ޳Ȼֿң˵޳ҲĿţСŮ֮ȷһЩ顣ֶСŮҲŻԼûпСŮ˽˳ȥҵʧְֶ
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˵ܹɱ޳μʱҲں̿˵ǴЦ⣬ƺ֪ᷢ־棬ȫг
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ɵ޳֮󣬶ʱӽӲδһܹ¶ɫһη޾һ־Ǵδܱζš
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޳˵޳㡭
ҶҲ֪޳ҪʲôҪ޳˵ȴŸ轫ס
ŹŸ裬ʵô£
Ҳ֪ϵϢҶоֲң̲޳Ķ֡ŸԼ˵Ļָо
Ÿ費һˣȻô˵ˣҶֻͣ¶Ա߹۲Ҷ䣬ҶǲΪͷԷȲôһ
޳ͻȻЦߵǰ˵ʵҸڴսôţֻһСѣںңηҵģ
޳ŷŭң֤ʵе뷨֮ǰȷηңɽһοңͻȻʶҲûпԼΪηԼ
Ҫȴһʱ䲻֪˵ЩʲôΪ޳˵ȫȷȷη޳Ǳܣ޳Ŀǰʵ޳ûзԼϵʸ
ҲһЦ޳˵ΪԼʵҶԿĻӮ˺Ͷ̵ս˵
üëôԼ˿θˣ޳θôҲ˶ӡ
Ҳû뵽Ȼ˰ԴϵѨλ޳ĺЩͷۣȻ޳Ѿˣ֪Ӧ


2102 
޳֮ǰ䳡ո޸ʱȫȻһ£ΧҲ¼ӹ̡
ϿһĻɵ¶һ˿Ц˵£òͿʼ׼ⳡս˰ɣ
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˲֪̣ȴǳҪȶϿݻҪС꣬츳ʵԲСûе֮ʱǶϼҵı
һٶûм̵ʵƻӲ٣ǱȲԼҲûж١
뵽ˣ޳޳Ҳֻһ۷ǿߣͶ̶սⲻȡ
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Ÿãҡҡͷ˵Ҳڵ޳һƬ磬еǿеֱ˴ˣһ״̬֮ѾǷһ޳ȴ۷Ϊ㲻а취սʤ
Ҷ̾˿ȻŸ趼ô˵ԼǴһԿְɣ
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¶һ˿ЦȻûдﵽʵʵȴҲһ㣬ܹܵ޳ԼԵ֣žΪʲôʦֹԼ޳ɣ
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ͬǷԼ壬ҶҺ÷Ҷ޼ʥ˵ҲһЩȡ֮ǱĿ似

¶һ˿Цݣ޳˵ѵڷϵǰʹ÷ѨȫһЧû𣿡
˵֮ӶȻʧѨǿûж׼ȫһвûУǵͣҪ޳ʱȴڷѨڵߵʱ޳ѾӰ
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һ˲ûйע޳ѣٶôܻô죡
ڹһ𣿡
޳ɻʵϵĺսꪺݺݵ£̵ķӦҲܿ죬һתϵĳ˲˦ᱡĳںսǰ·ᱻ״ϣǵͺսꪴʱʱǿ˸ˡ
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޳û뵽̾Ȼ֪Ѩڣתһ룬ϼҺҶҶĿôʱˣҶҵ似˽Ҳġ
ڶ̽Ѩƻͬʱ޳ٴʧòٴʶѰ޳ټ
Ѱ޳ټܼ򵥣һ˲Ϳɣʲô磬һ˲Ĺս֣һ˲Ĺ
һ۷ǿߣȻźͶ޳һս˭ұ֤ԼķӦ޳ôѸ٣УҲǿ˵Ķѡ
ǿ޳ζ㿪˶̵ʱһƬ׷׶޳ǿе𺳡
Ȼ̶޷޳һʲô
Щէ޼ʥصǿ߲ɵ÷һֱǶСĿ磬ȴ뵽ĿȻ˹
÷ҵĲ
Ȼ˵漴ҡҡͷ˵Ȼ÷ҵĲ񣬿ȴǸʤһ޳޳Ǹ̫ľˣ
Լ˵Ҫɱ޳ʱ򣬽ϾȻ¶һ˿ɫ޼ʥ֮Уǰ;
ֻϧ㽫ǶϼҺμͬʱˣҲ뽫ϼҡ
̵Ļ޳Ķ𣬶޳ȴ޷϶̵ĶԼһ˲ȷǳǶȴ۷ʵʹԼܹԼ˦
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ôᣡ
˳ԾǼ޳ķǿķȻ˲ͱ͸޳ÿ죬ֻ»ֱӱƶǡ
޳ѹסԼ˿ڣ˿Ѫʧ࣬һ˲䣬ɵúǲ죬ԼķǱСһЧûУжһ㡣޳֮ǰܵѳĿ£ڲļʶˡ
ѽΪƷ׿ѷɫ÷ҵĲ潣ҵУɲȲ潣ҪС
ҷﻹһԣǱǺͱս֮ʱԷֵĴԽ࣬ԽǿĸĹôǿ󣬷Ҳᱬǿ
̲Ųæ޳ؿѾԼһȻǶսӦöٻӰ죬οѪԺͷĹϵۻʵ֮ǰֻӣ޳Ѿ·磬֮սֻ᲻ϵϣȫ޳һ˿ᡣ


2103 ѩ֮
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Ӧһж˳еģȴû뵽˴ţǿʵŭԡ
ԼҿԼɵõһæ˵ιӱżٵһᣬǾԻġ
ϼҲҿ϶ͨ޳˵ĶԻ֪һ飬ǱǶ˲ûнɱ
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ںʲôѵΪһǸ𣿡
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еȣ޳߾ȻܹôǿߣһһǿʵԼҸеۡ
˵ˣҲһ
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ûпʼ˵ȺͻȻһվ˳Ժ˵㣡
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Ҳһˣûн˵˵һˣϾĸױģܵ޳飬˵ĵ޳˵һСҪǣǶ˵û뿪Ŀ磬ǶҪֻԼԶҲ޷ٿˡ
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¶εɫȻ޳Լס޳Ը񣬻վںǱһǡ
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˵۾źӣ鲻õܵӵɧţܵΧ˵ĳЦѾǳķŭˡ
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޳ϵаʼͷųϲδźսꪣһĻ֮£а
пһĻ˶ˣа޳ܹסôܣ
˵ܵ飬Ƿ޳ȴǳȻ
޳ס֣
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ٿܴƺһûΪܵš
ƾ޷˺ңӽԼݵŤһ£۽һ˿ʹɫһ߷˵Ҵˣ˺ңֻɱҶѣû뵽һƾȻôʹ
⻰˷׷׵һҵʵϣȴֻеʹѣӵʵﵽʲôز
޳Ҳţ˵ܴߣѯʵӵʵ۷Ϊʲôֱܹӳҵһƣ
ܴǴһЦ⣬޳˵һʼǴģȻսʱʵȷ۷壬ǲʵֻΪƭѡ
޳һΣʵҲ˵ʵ۷۷壿
ΪӦģʵۣʵҡ


2108 
ʵң
޳仰Ӳɵһ£ȻûмܴûԼϢʵ޳ȻܹܵõܴʵѾ㹻ǿˣͺҲ̫࣬ӾȻࡣ
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޳Щ˼񣬰ĳ̾һһĵӣ˵û뵽ҾȻһֱ޳ˣ˺ģʧ
ȻֻӶѣ¶һ˿Ц⣬޳˵֪ҵʵˣң㾡ܷľǡ

ʵΣںô˷ĵ£޳Ȼʲôû˵ɫѾһС
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Ĺǿ󣬿˵Ǹ˱ܵԼǿ󣬶ȫסˣ˿ûнԼ
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ո꣬ȴϷһȡ
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ܹܵǶ޳֮ǵģȻվߵˣ㲻ҵˣ˵ĵ˾ѡ
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ɶ񣡡
޳ĶҶ˵һ᲻ܷʲô飬һҪһ㣬Сè룬𣿡
Ҷ޳һۣЩѵԼҪ޳̣
漴Ӧ޳ʵ˵⻰ʲô˼
޳¶һ˿Цųʱ䣬һúõĺҶ֮ͣ£ûʱ粻ˡ
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Уݣǧ磬Ҷ䡭
⼸ؼʷһʱ򣬴Ѿˡ
Ҷɫ˲òҰף޳ıӰףΪʲô޳ҪԼôá
һЦԽ˵û뵽ȻǵõΪһСңһΪ˭ǵõһҵĴأ
ǧ˸Ǻӣֻһ̰ڱǰսʱԼ͵͵뿪ұΪɥ֮ȮܿĿ磬û뵽㲻һôǿʵ˺ڡ
ڣⲻһ˸еҵ𣿡
ЦЦԽ˵ûзŹҵĻҲûҵĽ죬ô˵ллأ
ϲȻŭ·ʱҪֽɱһ㡣
ΪԼ׼֣Ӧû취ܣȴû뵽вܣǾӭĹ˫Ŀֱ·ܹһлȥ


2109 ¥
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ϽԼϢûдԹٴζ֣ɱ˹УǿҵķϣܶԹг֡
ϽϢջأתԹ˵ʵȷǿ󣬲ӦԼҪʲôǴͷ
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ڣ˵޳˰ɣ
ҵ˵۾޳·˵֡
仰ȺٴΪʲôֽ⳶޳ϣݲǸղѾ˵
Ѳ޳ղƭǵģ
Ⱥһһ˼޳Ӱ첢󣬿˵֮£޳ƭǣӰɾʹˡ
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˶Ŀ⿴ŹУֻɫƽ˵޳˵ӦҵʦܣֻǱ缸ǧѡ
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ȻôģԴ֮пǵȫǻûԼ
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˵仰֮ɫһ䣬Ŀ֮ӦĿǿһսȴٳûж֡
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޳վǰ˵Ը𣿡
ʳ仰һ嶼ûУļ仹ûлָܻش޳⣬ΪһĻˣȻ֣Ȼϣܹ޳ס
޳¶Цݣ㹻ˡ
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û뵽䵽ֵز֪Ļ˵ʲôҲġ
ε˵ȴսʮ㣬޳ߣﾡܽҺܴУƾڶǿߣǰһ㣡


2110 
˵ڣǵЩ۷Եʱ˲ˡ
ܴһܶԸ𣿡
ܣ
ӱ۾˼Ȼܴ˵ں϶ǶãҺ޳뿪ô
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ӿܴûϵ̾˿ܴ˵ĲǵطӦôĻѾӳȥˣڿɺã˶
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ȻˣһԶûУȻԼͬȥΧȺУš
ܴɲ˻ô˵˵Ĺסˣ¶һ˿Цݣ޳˵źﵲסǿߡ
޳еĺܴӶû˿ģֻͣǸ鷳ѣҪ뿪ȴһ߳嵽Լǰͣʱ޳ɫʱѿ˲Ǳˣ֮ǰԼϵĶ̡
ϴѾҴˣŹ˶೤ʱ䣬ѵͽѵˣ
ЦЦ޳˵ҲǣôܹأھҪֻ
ΪҵĶ𣿡
һҲ÷｣ǲĶֻ֣ս֮
󷨵ѹ֮£޳Ͷ̶䵽˵ϣ޳Ӧݿģȴûôٶȱһ˵޳Ƕ̵Ķ֡ͶսĻ޳֪Լʵڶ֮ϣȴ޷սپ
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ӻͷ޳¶һ˿Ц̾޳ƽʱٶô죬һؼʱôأ
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Щһѵû˵ôһ仰𣿡һ߽Уһ߶Щ˵ʿɱ裡
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˫İɫ۾˲ɺɫһ˳ͨ仯צӻǸצӣ廹Ǹ壬۾ı죬Ϣ˾޴ĸı䡣
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ӽβһɨЩ˵ϱ˼ëⱾӦëȴ͸ͨëƤ£Щ˵֮С
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˿֮һľսЩҲ̫˰ɣһ۷ǿߡ
۷ǿ߲μҵˣҴһԿ֣ûҪֵĴ㡣
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Դ˵Լȴ˿ûвԼߣɵ΢΢ԾתͷһԭǹС
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㲻Ҳ𣿡
תͷŹУ䣬·ʱὫɱһ㡣˼֮󣬹һֱûнĿƿһԹ˵ȷˣеҲʵ
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޳أ
ңһ޳뿪Ҳ겻Ĺұӭ޳׷ɱݡ
кٿ佱ˣҲ֪¶֣ȴ޳ϲֻһεĸܵˡֿ־вӦòֻһ˸ܵҺƣҵ뷨Ҳġ
ǣɱ޳ͽˣǧҪˣһҪӭ޳ķֶֻ޷Ը
Ц˵޳ô˲ʧȥȤˣǾ仰ĥȤ
ҿźǱߵս߲ûз̫˼û˵Ļֻ˵ôֻҪ޳˾С
нƻһЦҵı˿ûԼı⡣


2111 
ͬʽʹ飬ٴʹһУЩ˺ԾҲһЩ֮ȴܿ
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Ҵӿпźӣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱط˶ףº鷳ˡ
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2112 
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޳˵һ˲ʧֻһãȻվԭءܴһǹɲһܹܵģ޳ȥĻ
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һǷѨѨԽ⹥תƵռѷ֮УǷѨһȱ㣬ǱǲȶôڷѨ֮ǵǻãһƫһ㣬пܻ÷Ѩ
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2113 ܴVS
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2114 ܴж
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˵˳Ҳ͸Ĳˡ
޳ҲʱΧˣѾʧˣʱһҵĺѾ˵ˡ
Щ˾ȵĿ޳Ͱ˪һʱסˣ޳˵ʲôȻ԰˪˵ҵĺţ˵𣿿ɿղǸӣôڽа˪أ
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ϣҺҲһκμжûйڰ˪յڿȻգ˷ܲѵͬʱҲľ˪ոûиıҲ˵͵ʱҲʹﵽ򾳽磬۷״̬Ȼôȥˣʵöôǿ󣬺񾳽Զ
ʮ˿˪գɵһȣͬʱҲеԱͬһʱڵǿߣ֮Ĳȷʵ˵ľ޴
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޳ô˵˪Ļѵǵô˪ȴ顭
Ҷ俴޳Ͱ˪֮ĿдԲϵתţˮ¹ԼĪ޳δˮ¹ĵȴûյͷɸ޳˶ĺô޳ˮ¹֮ĹϵԲô򵥣ܵ޳Ϊ˪ˮ¹Ӷӹһ١
ȻⶼҶԼƲѣںϼƲ׼ȷȣҶҲ֪Ͼ̫ںˡ
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ҿǸᣬһ˪ٴȥ޳ߵĻǾͲˣǻᣬ޳Ϣ˪һɢ
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Ȼ֪ˮ¹Ƣ˪δҲ̫ڷ޳˰ɡһԼҪ޳ɱһȴڱ޳
Ȼ˪Ѿ֣ǽҲͲٴһԹˣ԰˪˵ʲô˼
˪֮ǰԽϵ̬ȲϾԽϵԸ˵޼ʥ֮һˣǵ˪Ϊά޼ʥصİοȻ˳飬Խϵӡһǧɡ
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ʲô˼޳ˮ¹еˣҲҵĲӣǱˣڼ飬ҲӦá˵޳˲ܺúýѵһ£ѱ
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ϿŰ˪޳޵ɰ˪޳޷϶˪Ὣ޳ɱ
Ӧ֪޳Ϊˣ̽Ŀ鱨ҽ䱨˰ɡս²ϣȻѾռϷ磬ȴ˶ģǧ޳һգĿֻ¾Ͳһյİϣ㡭
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˪˽һۣʱݲڵˣϾЩ˶ѾڵҲˣһһ˿ȴɴʱСϾǸʱ뿴˪Ƿ١
Ȼ˿־壬ȴְ£Щ˶˪ɵԼ
ȻᣬɱϾˮ¹һְλѾ꣬ö֮ɵѹǿŲġ
ϱ˪һŭŪԼƿԣ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôźãεһЦ԰˪˵Ȼֻˮһ˵˪һ֪Ӧôġ
˪뽫Ѷһ٣ϧǾҪô
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˪ȻҲ뵽һ㣬վ޳ǰûгɱ޳Ҫ
Ȼ˵ƭңҵԣΪˮ¹ĸô˵ᱣµʱ䣬һµʱ䡣
޳ǰվתͷ˵ڣ˭Ҳ˺޳޼ʥҲУ


2120 ҲҪŮ˱
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һһ䣬ǳ򵥵ĶԻȴ˽ĸ´ʲôҪĶ
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ѩûа˪ôǿһ˲ˣŰ˪ԼԽԽԶ볯Ű˪Ǳȥɸոһȴ˪˵ͣ£Ҳɱ㣬Ҫ鷳ĻҲ֣
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ѩ֪˪飬Ѿ¶ôһԼΥԸĿܻԼ֡ȻǶԼ֣ѩҲŰ˪ôһɣ˻ȥʱڰѩվҶˣѾ׼οѩˡ
Ҷ֪˪޳һǹעһߵԽԽڡ
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޳˵Լ飬һô֮ͥ˵ڡ˪˲оԼվ޳ǲһѡ
ȻҲңδҲ̫һ˰ɣ
޳˵仰ȻûһôȴҲʵС
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޳Ǻһѣ㵱˽ϵĹ
޳ʵȻܹͽ࿹⣬ɲֻ۷۷飬֮Ĳ֮󣬾Ȼ޳ֲˡ
Ҳû뵽һɫѿ˸о͹޳ʵ֮⣬Ҳڰ˼Ȼͬ۷壬ԼܶԸ˰˪
кҲЩԥɵżж˵Ǹｻ֣ʵȻǿȴ˵Ķ֡޳Щ۷߶ԸǣʱѾǿ֮ĩʲôΪˣ
ҵ˵ͷҲģ͹гŽϷȥЩ۷ߣŽ޳Χ֮ơ
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ͷȥסԼ˲ǱˣҶ͹Ÿ衣

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ʮͻҵı޼ʥصЩҪˮ¹նݳҲÿڻʼҺʮס֡
ҶЦһǵʵ̫ûдﵽ԰Ƕ˵ĵز
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ȻԸҲûʲôİ취
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Ȼ˪Ѿ˵Լ뿪ˮ¹Ϊڵʽǿ˵ڵΪһ仰Լɱˮ¹ĸʱֻԼ鷳ˣ޼ʥҲܵԵĴˮ¹ʵż˽⣬ֻ񹬲͵Ļ޼ʥظˮ¹Ķ֡
Щ֮ûһˮϵģԶڰ˪似Щ˲ûжɱֿʱҪһȣһ˽ϵʵһǽϵͰ˪֮ž޴Ĳ죬޴Ĳ콫ֱͰ˪֮Ĳࡣ
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һˮµ֮£˶ɫ
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һˮ˲ʧȥĿ꣬ôȥһôûС
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ǽ֮϶һѷ졣
޳תͷŰ˪ε˵ǲǹģ
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˻ҵһĻεĿЦһúõףһϲ£Ȼֳӣǵûаϲµӣֻ»˰ɥˡ
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޳Ȳ˪һԭǰ˪ʵǿ󣬶ԭ޳̫ʧȥ֮ǰǼٶȣڵ̶ֳȱ˵ǰ˪ˣͨķ϶߶磬Ϊ޳Եʣ˸ո뿪Ǳͣˡ
Ϊ޳ͺǰķͬ໥֮䲢û˪ͣõȴ޳


2122 ϲ
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˵ɫãѾܵ˪ǿ󣬾ԼôǿߣܹͰ˪ֵˣҲֻˣ˪ǰֻķݡ
Щ˶ڰ˪޳ɵҲ޳΢΢Ľתȥʱ򣬻ʹ֮С
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Щ˲ûЩٶô죬е˻ûпʼϾҪߵ顣
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Խϱֳıӣϲ⣬Ҳ˵Ҳûʲô취һ֮ǰĸ˺ܹץסһʱ֮УѾ̫ı仯ϵʵӣϿԶ϶ǣʵӵٶȾԲԼҪԼöࡣ
۷ľ磬ûдﵽֵزﵽ۷֮˵ٶȶһźһĵٶȲûж𣬶似͹ԼΪڵؽǱô꣬ȻΪǿ󣬿ʵ
ϳһ˿Цݣʹ͵ϮĻսԼĶ֡
ڲԸϲأ԰˪ʵԼһǾԶԸ˵ģһϲǾͲһˡ
˪ԾȵĿһ۶ϲأϲصʵԼղ֮Ҳûпתͷ޳˵𵢸ˣڿߣȵսʼ֮Ҳ޷˼Ǳߡ
СȷҪҶֻ֣ҪϷңŽһһûŮ˵ļįһһġ

޳㲻üߣҾսپ


2123 ޵еʵ
޳㲻üߣһսپġ
µ۷ǿߣ仰δҲԵùڿ˰ɣ
޳˪Ǽɱ⣬֮ž޴ɱʱף˪˵仰ԲǿЦѡ
ҼȻ˵óǾһõ
Ϊǿһ㣬Ҳδ̫Դ˰ɡϲزûмʶ˪еվ˵ۣɶ԰˪˱ӣһǰʱŮ˻֪أ
ӱһ꣬֡
ʼˣǰ죬ƺ˲ǱһɫĶϲأһ·˿֮С
޳ʶϼҵ֮ҪԼĶϿʹùԶϿͨ۷Ϊʩչ޷̽οڵĶϲʵ˵ǿǰһԼ˵ǰһʧ١
˪Ҳ΢΢ɫһССһһٶ׵ľ룬ֱ޳ߡ
޳֪ʲô˼˿ɲһߣ鲢û·ȻǺͰ˪ս˵׼޳в˪Ͼǰ˪һ㡣
һѾǿĵطؾǶϲҲûа취֡
ããûµ۷ǿʵˣܹ͵컻ա޳½Լʶ򿪣Ͼһֱ˪ԼЩʲô飬޷а˪ôǿʶΪԵȴֱİ취˵Ķ
˪ں棡
޳һȣеĺս˲䳯Ǹ˦ֻһ޳ĺսꪱһ䵶״ס
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ϲҲǳ𾪵Ŀ޳Ȼû뵽ԼĹ׵ĵһݵ֮ȻҹԼѹģǰǿɱתÿ˪ĹѾǰһΪҪǱУɣŰ˪ӣƺûʹ
ҿԱ߲ΪĽϣʵڻ𣿡
ó֣Щ˸һѵ
ϵ˵һѵǼ٣뿴һ˵ʵģϾôȥδϲأڶϲصʵҲӡ֮С
һ㣬ݾԲѣǵˡ
΢΢ͷڽϵûɣ׽ϵһΪ˼Һ޼ʥأôǶԼġ
ڽϵҲý΢΢еԾߵңʱҳ֮ҵԸȻûиı䣬ɶԽԽӣĸıܹ̹һս
һõļһҳɳ޼ʥرμҵ¡
˪ޱȣǿͬ˺ѣȻǲϲһᣬҪֱɱҲѹ޳˵೤ʱأ
ϲصʵҲϵͬ۶һ㣬͵سһڹǰʱ˶Ȼʧǹ˿մ
˪ϳֲּãȻû뵽Ȼôһ֡
ɫѿĿɲֻǰ˪дӿٴĶϲأĿ޳ˣȻһ˽ϵߡ
ⶼһȺʲô۷۷壬۷ʵ񾳽ƵģֱһȺﰡ
ϲҲ¶˿£Ϊܵˣ˪ܹǸһܹܵԼжһԼܶȥ
㲻ȥĽֻһǱ
ϲصĸп¶һ˿ЦݣԶϲ˵ôǿĶ֣ϼһὫͷų𣿡
Щ˵˶ϼң
ºͶ̣ϼҼӶϣ޳ǴǧˣȻ֪ĿʲôĿģ
ŮˣһĿĻ֮Ůһˮ¹ǰθԵĻ˵Ҫ
ϸϲؼ򵥵Ľ˵
ϲضЩ˵ݴԼ˽ˣ޳Ǵǧʱ¶һ˿ɫ
ǧ츳˲ڴǧĿѵ˵ǧźܶߣһν
ϲصĻϿЦõͬʱҲľ˵ȷˣȻ֪ǱߵսΣôǿսȴ޷ݴǧ磬ķ˴ǧ
οǰ޳޳ɳĿһô޴в
һжӼᶨɱ޳뷨
Ͽһۣ̫໰ұ׽ϵ˼Լסӵʱ򣬳ֽ޳ɱһ޳ˣһ鶼ˡ
ϲϵĲʼ֪ԼҪǰŮϴͱ˵ʹԼ֮ǰĶҲν
Ͽϲصı仯еԾͬʱĵҲ˿ϾϲزԼֵĻ˺Ͱ˪սɲǰ˪Ķ֡
˪ѾվͬһսߵĽϺͶϲأߵ޳˵޳Сһ㣬ܵ߱ǧҪ֡
ò֪Ǹϲصķλ
ս֮ݲÿЦ޳Ķ԰˪˵
˪ҡͷдһ˿ɫͬʽǰ޷ʹΣͨ赲Ѿ֪Ӧˡ
˪Ļ޳Ҳûٵİ˪ף˪Բ߿ԼСƶ֡
һ޴ĲʼӰ˪ɢȻǲѣȴ޳վס壬ǧﷶΧ֮ڵˮϵʼŰ˪߻ۣڲӰķΧ֮ڣˮԪŨ˽ӽǧ͸Ŀ֮Ҳʼɵɫӡ
޳û⣬ϾǶˮϵߣΧˮԪֻܼкôûлڶЩ˿ɾһ鷳似͵ʹõƣǷΧǸǿö࣬ڰ˪γɫСʱֻҪЩһͻṥ
ϲغͽϿһۣͬʱͷųԼ޴ֱӽһƬ˪µһƬյء
ⲢӰ˪ķӣҲ޷ֹ˪ĽС˲乥ǿƻ˶ۼȴһ˲㵽ǰ
ظ
ϲһȣŵĺɫ˲쵽ǰһ˦˪ȫǰ
˪΢΢죬ָֻ¡һǸ˲󣬱ֽ֮ѸСӦñֱӹĶϲرˣĹ֮±ӦֱȥȴǶȻɫѣȻɫָֻ糣
һ˿ѪоԼЩʪһ־ȻѪʱֵ˵ùոճˣһսͼѪˣ֪Ͳˣ


2124 Ŀ
ϲصֵĻ˲ɵøеһЦ˭Ҳûǿϲس˭ҲûöϲؽǸ£ԼôȻԹˡ
Ҳܵ˶ϲصǿ󣬰˪ǸЩ˶֪ôǿ󣬶ϲؾȻһ˾͵
ûͣһȣԼǰһԲ׶εĶⶫ˲˳ȥڿлһâĿǰ˪š
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ϲظϵסýϸ˪һ䲻⣬˭ĽϵĹȻĿŽϣʵ⵽ô£
Ҳ֪֪ʲô취ȻжҶĿơ
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˵֮󣬽һΣ޴˲ɢȻڰ˪ǰȴγһ޴ϣڰ˪޳ûаӰ죬öЩˣӵ߽ϣЩܵ޴ĳ
ϵ˲ɫû뵽ǿĸ־Ȼǰ˪Ķ֡
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һ֮ҲС޳ˡ
Ͽ˶ϲһۣԶϲ˵ҺսʵǿҲ˵Ķ֡
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ģŰ˪Ǳ߸ȥһߣЩǿ߽
ǺЩս֮ľĸԶˣϾﲻǾǣǹûܵѹƵ£ԼЩսҲž޴Σա
ѩԼʦȻΧг˷ŭʹŶ԰˪㵣ģȴǰȥæʵȥֻǰﵹæ
ڵľƶ޳ˣ˪ǿһʲô⡣
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Щٶ̫죬Ҷ۾ȫϣֻѯߵĹŸ衣
ŸҶѯʣЩ֮Ѱ˰죬˵ƺûѵˣ
кѾǶνˣ˶绹Լ˴򲻹˪ҲΪʲôԼȴе˵Ĳ·ʲô鼴Ҫһ㡣
ҶŸĻüͷ˵һιпǰûдﵽĿ֮ǰǾԲ뿪ġ
Ҷ˵仰֮΢һ£Ȼ۾⣬ŹŸ裬˵ҶûУ
ŸҡҡͷԴҶڻʹ¶һ棬֮Ҳûм
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ŸͰѩ˵ͷ֪ҶԸȻô˵ˣһ鷢ҶĻʼȥѰҶ֮󣬹оʱս֮Уûڰ˪Ķ棬ǳڰ˪ֱӶ˰˪޳

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ɫ΢䣬ǿиı䷽򣬶˰˪
޳ǰĹУɵ΢΢ü˵ôΪʲô
кԼһǴǧˣԼҲýԼ¶޼ʥǰӦȻ޳ᱻ޼ʥشΪҲǴǧˣԲܶȥ
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޳еĻش𣬶ʱһ£ѲɹһжΪǡΪʲô
п޳ɻı飬ҡҡͷź˵Ҫһƻȴˮ¹ˣû취ֻ˶ΣѡҶ޵ҵĴļֵɲֻǳƯô򵥣һһı
޳һ˫̰жʱһ˿УԵĻϣԼ㹻ʵֱӽǰĹиɱ
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ٴοŹеɫϴЦݣǳյЦݣǼƵóһ㡣
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޳Ǹʱ߱Ԫػûɵİ˪סûпкʱĶ
û뵽ǱˣڲŷδЩˣȴˣ򣡡


2125 °
޳ĿߵԼһ˲仹ץס֣ȴʧˡ
޳˲ɴ۾ϵĽ㣬ŴͣϵĴϢţֻŵĿǰʧϢһ˲ȥһۼû¡

޳һХ˶ע޳Ǳ߿ȥ޳һվɫѿĿ£ϵϢɢߵǿ˵ϣи¡
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ҲΪԵʣ˪ңʱô򵥵Ĺ㲻
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˵ͷźȥڹУǸ۷ǿ߾ܹԸϾǸ˵ʵԲѷɫڽϺͶϲء
˵ûôֻ࣬Ǻ޳ʲô飬˺ԼԸæԶԶġ
Ȼܹˣƹȴܳˣ˵޳ʲô޷˺˪ʱʵǿġ

п޳ӣûߣǶ޳ǳĸȤ޳˵ڵӻɱң
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һѾܿҪˣ޳Ѿﵽ˵ߣ˶ԼĸǳĿŻᷢʲô顣



2126 
޳ϵȫʧ޳ûһ˿⽫޳ɣڷҡҷһ㡣
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˿һĻɵõһеʵЩ˿ĿãȻϺͶϲһȼģʵȴҪһҪǿȻһôǿˣȻ޳Ĺǰֿûˡ
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ſͣһɫСĿУ׵С޴˵ʲôǶ۷˵һСǰŻԵ
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2127 ¯
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ܿ˱˺ܴһƬǵɲУȥѩҲЩƣ͹ŸҶߣʵǶôʱ䣬ǾΧĵطô޴󣬾ǸǼʱҲҲ
ŸȻû˵ȻҲ˼޳Ǹʵղûе
еЦ֣ҲˣԻΪǻأ
Ҷ˳ҲʼҲ֪ԼӦô죬Ҷ޻ò²⣬ҶûнӴô֪ԸͲϰأ
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ҶǴһȻŷҶ֮ǰվ޳ߵǸˣҶķķɣҶ󣬴ſǻ˵ˡҪ۸ң޴أҪ޴磡
ҶĻ΢΢ԾΪǹҪõû뵽Ҷ޾Ȼұѹж֣󣬶˵İɣȹһҾʹȥ޳
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ҶҶ޵ĻҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ҷ˵ֻ֮Ļѣ
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Ҷ仰ɵһ£ʲô˼ѵʵã
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ҶȫסӣɵõһЦ˵ΪһѰҶ¯õĶ¯֮˭Ҫǵһõ壬˵ʵֱӴľ磡
Ҷʱɫ˵񾳽磡
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Ҷ۾ԼȫֿڿռѶĲϾֻһڵ߶ѡ
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ȻеΪҶ޴ö࣬Ҷ޿Ƶģڽ󷨵ĹУ޷󷨣ҶҪֹǺܼѵ顣
ҶޣȻõȷܹﵽľ磬㱾ҲҪܹһ״̬õ񾳽ʵֻл֣
˵ĺеΪһ𣿡
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣҪռرգùвòǱٴ򿪵ʱռ֮ͨͻȻһԵ
֮ܵʱа˵Ҷޣ򿪣ˣʦͽһǵķϡ
Ļﻹû˵꣬һҽУбʧҶҶ޵ǰԶʧ
ҶתͷҶ䣬ϴһ˿Цݣ˵˰ɣ
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㻹Ҫֹ𣿡
Ҷ޽ָҶ䣬˵ԹԵȥһԴţĿһŮΪһǿ֮Ϊ֤ߣһԶĻȥΣ
ǲ޳Ůˣ
ЦҶﵽ񾳣޳
𣿡
ҶһŮҲܴﵽ񾳣
Ҷ޵Ŀڣһ̶


2128 
Ҷ俴ѾҶޣ̾һסҶ޵ļҶһĹ¡
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ѩҲĿɿڴЩطֻеطѾһƬ棬ǻ潫һжǻǵģȫǱߵĶ򣬲ȴԼԿһɫĶڿŤǹǿϢǴǱߴġ
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аԳԾһӰǰֻһϮ£УһΪûУȴվڿз·ռ֮
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2129 
ˮ¹Ϊôֻˮ¹Ѿû˼ǵˣʷҲûмˡ
ĽϵĹڿһ٣ֹ˲жûпʼ˵㽫ȳǱ߻ȥûдͷϣǰһ㲨ɢ͸˵壬ȴûһӰ죬·已̥ܹܵģзӦֻһ۾ıϣ˯һ㣬һӵ˰ѩĻС
ѩŰ˪ٿ˿˪ǰˡ

¶һ˿Цݣ԰ѩ˵ѩܲ
ѩû뵽Ȼ֪Լ֣һԼ
ϳһ˿˼ЦݣһزסԼˣܹ佱ĺܸˡ
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δ֮Уѡأ
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2130 
˪ѩԼֻôӦûԼѡվ޳ߣܹٻصˮ¹
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ǵʵȻܹʵȻǴδ˵ǿĳ࣬Ǻײ²һλˮ¹Ĺ

Щͬ˵Ȼδָܹ㣬ȴӰ˪Ŀе֪Լ˷ǳĹϵʵž޴Ĺϵ
΢΢ͷˮ¹ӵǰûбҪԼգϵɴ˲ʧ¶ǲϵݡ
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ͣٵʱ򣬸æѯʰѩðѩľ˵
鲻ȥѩͽ˵д˵ңҵĻʦҲӡ
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ˣǰȵһ֮󣬰˪ȻԸ˵һ顣
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һ£ָָԼϸ˵ţҵˮ¹ĹҲеģĲеģ


2131 ȱ
˼ķԣһʱҲ¶Ϊѵɫ֪ӦôȰ˵ĿɲֻҲһȻû֮ȴǳ
а̾鱾Ӧð˪԰˪ڵݲˮ¹ڲȻף̾˿Щ˽˵ô򵥵ĵǻ𣿡
һ뿪Ļˮ¹ҪɽѵѡȲ˵ӵʵĿĹˮ¹ںܳʱ޼ʥҪͳһĿ硣
˵ֻʮﵽ츳ǰδУ޼ʥصҺ޳ԶԶı£ƾһ㣬ѵˮ¹𣿡
ԶԣͬĲĹ뿪Լˮ¹ʮ֧ߣͻȻһеľ֧ʧˣ˭޷ܡ
˪Ҳ֪ԼӦӦÿڣȻûдﵽ·֮ǰôȻľǾӦ֧֡
˶֮£˽һ㣬ŲûЩʧֻΪڲᣬŻھǿ
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ͷ˵ȥӸ˵ĻǵĽ̶ܳȻһЩ
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ѩʵ˪ȫ˵ʵʵôˣһԹʱ鶼˵˳һ㶼ûء
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Ҳ˵޳˵ļֵԱȵˮ¹κˡ
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ϧĿ޳оһ˿־·޳ҪˣҲҪһȥ
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ҾȲˣȲˣ޳ѾǲƵˣҪ޲һЩĿ粢ûеҩ֮⣬Ψһİ취ǽˮ¹Ĺ۷壬Ȼʵ޳ƣĻܹ޳Ȼ
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һ£漴ᶨģ˵


2132 

δԼ˼ȥһ飬δˮ¹ĹҲ˽ѣ֪ԼҪ۷Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ٳʱ䣬ҲԸȥ
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ҪģȻǿȴֻһռӣãˮ¹Ĺֲһ㣬ȫˮ¹Ĺ֮ʱһǿߡ
ھ޳飬ûƭֻҪ۷ľ磬ȷԽ޳Ȼû˵ȫֻ˵еһֶѡ
˻֪ǰ˪ô꣬˵ѵָƣҲĿģԲûѡǰ𴩡
ˮ¹ĹҪ೤ʱ䣿
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2133 
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ԼؿڣɫѿԴ֪޳״֮һ״֮С
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Ҫñ˿һĻԼ޳ôˮ¹ȥ
ɵ˲䣬̱ϣһ˫ߣǱɵ·Լĳ֮£Լʧˣ޳ˡ
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2134 Ȫԡ
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֪Լʶʧ֮󣬻ܷѹܣ˵һ޴ź
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ʱİ˪Ѿһ޴ı飬ŰıܣʱΪڶǿ֮еһԱ֮У彥ƮԽϷЧԽǿǿЧҲֹ˰˪š
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޳ǿվһ޴ı֮УһŮΪ˾ԼѡԼԶʵ֮Уȷʵһͨķ䣬ֻɢವĺϸܿȥĲֺ޼ҵĲһģһΨһĲͬĶȫñɵġ
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Ůӷ׷׿˵ǸˣǸýͷˮ棬żѵ˵ȻҲûб㿴ֻǺѡ

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2135 
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2136 Ĳ
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ѩϳһѿڣѿ֮УһֱӳŰ߷ٶ֮죬ðûзӦһֱˮ֣һȥ
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2138 
ԮҲǳѸ٣ֻϧ۳ıܽǳһᣬ㱻޳ɫڻ
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ŵĿǸ棬ǻ沢ֻһԪܵһԿѹǻ֮ǻ
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žһơ
޳һΣֲԼġ
ⳡսҲ͵˽ˣʣ޼ΪԼңѾˡ
͵޳һʱȴͻȻ¶Цݡ
͵سŵ׹ȥȫĴһ㡣
ȻԼĶ֣ȴԼĵˡϰ׵ĸ߿գǱ˵ļŻˤȥҲǷǳܵġ
޳΢΢Ҫֽȥסȴ¶һ˿Цݣϵ˲ָһ޴ıȭڿУݺݵش޳ϣ޳򵽿С
Ѿͷ
÷Űôɵ¶һ˿ЦǻʤˣҲδʤ֮䡣
޳ϷȥͬʱɻŸղŵ飬ǲܺԼθڡ
Ȼ޳˵ĲģʵԸ
һ⣬˲仮ʣмһأΪ޳ס
޳˲һ˱һˣ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ȷǽˣ
ˮҲû뵽ôЩµ˵㣬°ɣ
һҲԴֻһ飬ǱԼղźͰˮһȻ㹻ǿˣŽʮ֮һѣеĹʩչ
ͣ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ˮشԼתͷŰȥ
ʱŭ˫ֱأ;ĶȱӸˡ
Ҫʼѯʣȴ˵˸ãɫǣ
ˮ̾˿ֻýȵ÷
÷֮УֻǱͰˮһϹҲ޳ķӦе𾪣ղŷֻһ˲Ĺ򣬰ǽı־һ˲䣬޳ͽһ˲佫Լ
Ǹ޳ϣֻǴѡ
ո˵꣬ȴͻȻһԼϣǸϷٵŻԪأֻҪһԻܵ޴˺
޳㡭
ɣ޳԰ˮٺһЦɵˮĵģϾͨղŵóˮĺǰѩһһգֻ½ԼսʤԺ鷳ϡ
СͷȻԼ޳ôܹĹ
޳ô᣿
޳һЦ˵ѵֻƭˣҾͲ𣿡
Ҫлл㣬Ͼ㽫һ˲䣬ҿ»ıһâˡ޳µ˵Ǹȷ̫ǿˣ˵ǻУǲһҾͱɣһҪллҡ
ɫ࣬û뵽ԼĶһ٣Ǿ޳ʵҧ촽۾ݺݵؿ޳˵һɱģһ
޳˼ͷ˵кܶ˺˵仰ܿϧǣ˵仰ˣûһܹɱģа˪ѵΪԼȰ˪Ҫ
޳˪÷˵㲻Ҫʦ㣬ΪĻôᡭ
Ϊң޳һ˿ŭ⣬˵˵ʲô˰˪ˮ¹ϳһֱڻ˯֮У淢ûйϵǲҪˮ¹ľҵϣ


2139 ˯
޳ʣĸŮ˶ʱɫˮ¹Ĺ涨ģԴֻΥ涨ˣһֱ뷨һ˱ĳǣһֱصĹزĴܹ𾪡
Ů㿴ңҿ㣬ûһ˵ģԱŭ޳Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
÷һ˶Ϊѵ£ȻҪվ˵Щʲô
Ҫӱ𣿡
÷ۿһ죬˵ʦֻϱˮ¹ѣΪ˾㣬ٴδˮ¹ĴɣҲûмʦ㣬ôˮ¹ΣķǶȥʦ³ѵ㻹˵ʦ޹أ
Ϊ˾ҡ
޳ף֮԰˪뿪ˮ¹ǵս˵Ǿ仰ԭ
ԼѾ˯£ֻǰ˪ͺֻôˣ
ڵ˲õͳ֪ԼЩˣ˪֪ȥ򣬶Լԭ򶼸㲻׾ҷƢˮ¹ҪͷԼԼҲӦá
ɳƵ˵Ǹ
Ů˽ͷתһߣͬʱ
޳εĿЦһҪǽ˪ҳ֪˲֪˪ˮ¹һ֪ģʵǰĸŮˣ˵˪һḺģλʦҹλãֱȥʹ
Ϊ޳ʲôأѯʹɵһ˵ԭ˵Ǳѯʹô򵥾ҵʦ㣬ǲҵˣ
޳һЦȷˮ¹ԼĵӶߵĻôԼһˡ
˼֮ʱȴ÷˵ôҲǲԣʦȻȷûиǣȴ㣬ϾʦΪ뿪ġ
޳֮ϲɫæ˵ʦ֪
֪ΪΣʦµʱ䶼ţһҲû뿪ȥĻһܹҵʦ

÷԰˵޳ȥסǧҪ֪𣿡
˵ͷԴ֮ѾȫָռݣͻȻһָ޳˵Ҽˣʦʧ֮ǰȥ֮ͲˣƺҲûп
˪ʧغ֮һʲôܡŮ໥һۣ޳һȥǱмϣ
޳ڰ󣬷ɿĳˮ¹ȥΧһƬ޳ҲǷǳ𾪣棬۷ǿߵȫһҲһܹôƻʵ쳣
ҾͲȥˣ鷳
֪֮ģ޳л֮󣬱㳯ȥ
ԼȻûм䣬ȴ֪ΪΣ޳зǳȷ
޳վ棬ҪУȴܵǳǿǰ粽У֪ˮ¹µģԼӲϣҲһˮ¹ˡ
޳ˮ¹
ˮ¹̹ʮ飬ˮ¹ҷϵΪ
ˮ¹̹ڶʮְȨ鴦ã˼ǧꡣ
ˮ¹̹ʮ˹ϣɱ⡣
ӿһأ޳üͷһ塣ˮ¹˵ģƺÿһָ
޳ݼˮ¹
޳ٴδһϥһǰµӡ
ſڵϽʧһɺϮ޳ʱɫԼͬʱϵˮϵԪأ⺮ʴ֮£ֱֻ˶೤ʱ䡣
УΧɫı棬ľһվС
޳Ϊˮ¹˶Զഺפǿǰ˲ϵģϱɷʱʧ֣ϾԼʵǿһǰҲҪһǫѷ̬ȡ
Ҳ޳޳֮вƺ֪޳ҪԼ
ˣΪ˰˪
ǡ
֮ǰ˵Ļ㶼ˣ˵ÿһ״ˣҶΪ㡣
޳˵Щʲôȴ˵Ϊ⣬Щ飬ҲӦòҵͬ⣬͵͵顣
̾һǲϵ¶Ų̵ɫ
޳⣬æѯʵ빬Ұ˪ڣҲҪ˪

仰޳һһֲԤпʼͷĻͷ̧Ϸı濪ʼɫ͸𽥱仯ĹУһӰʼ֣һˣŲ϶Ǹ˵ĳҲ¶ǰ˪
˪
޳ѿڶܴ󣬿Ϸȴûһ㶯
޳㵵Ŀʵ˪׳ʲô飿
˯ѡ
˵Ϊ̫飬ֻϧȴȫ֪顣
ָ޳һϸ˿зɳ޳ܹܵһ˿̺֮ǿɵɫһ䣬Լ岻Ѿָ
޳ԿԼ֮Уһ˲䣬޳ŵİ׹⣬Ѿϵľٴεõ󣬸ӹʱľ硣ֻˣԺ֮оǴһȴţ֮ǰ飬ͨһȴŷӿԺ֮С
֮ǰ޳ûм䣬ΪȱЩ䶼ıǽ׵ͷų
࣡
˪Ȼ
ж᲻ᵯ޳΢΢̧ͷԴһϹڲϵĻš
˪ôˣ
ˮ¹ӿ˪ڰ˪һۣҽҪǸĺĻھͻὫɱ㱾Ƕôţˮ¹ٺô
˪۹ⲻȻЩŵ˪ȴǲûй
޳Цһͨ䣬ܹܵ˪ܵʹ࣬һһռ˰˪ͷ֮ȴΪֻһΣһɵǻ
֪ԼƺѾǷǳҪˡ
ǲа취˪а취빬ң۵ɽ𺣣޳һᾡȫ˪ȳ
Ϊֻ𣿡
һߣ޳˵һҪĽ˪ȢΪӣҲڴǧʲôӣŶŮˣҪ֪㸺˰˪ҶȻնɱֻء
޳ԼҪȢ˪ΪޣʱЦãǳͷԼ𣿷ڽͰ
޳ζϣܹȢ˪Ůӣ򵱳ĵʱҲð˪Ϲƺ
޳˵ͬʱҲһеǰԼܹ˪Ȼ
һģԼʲôһὫ˪Ȼġ
޳Ӧ޳ıֻ⣬㿪ʼ˵Ȼذ˪İ취


2140 ҥ
޳żɫ˼˺ܳһʱ˵Ҳ֪ܹ֮͸ȥδֻϧϲãһῴһȥǷӦá
˵ԭҵ˽ҪĻֻһ˳֣ˮ¹ǲʲôġ
޳Ļ⣬ѲԼҪˮ¹޷
ܹ˪ȻֻһǱ顣
޳ĸ֣ʱеϤŬ鲻ǵμϼʱŵĶ
޳ŷӦҲѹ˵ģԭԼȥ޼ʥ
֮ǰ޳˵ȥ޼ʥǵ޼ʥضûκλᣬڲͬˣʵѾﵽ۷壬ʵ֮ǰǴ޼ʥأҲܹŻ
ˡ
˵ʵ޳ȥ飬ֻطУطǡֶȥġ
ԵĻԸԼ޳
޳ͷ˵Һ޼ʥ֮仹Ҫ㣬һǰ޼ʥã
˵֮䣬޳ͷųһɹɵɱ⣬Ҳɫһ䣬æ˵Ҳ޼ʥʲôԹ㶼Ҫסǧ񹬽飬һͨɱ㣬ˮ¹Ҳ޷ס㣬𣿡
޳֮ǰ˵񹬣Ȼֻȼ֣ȴ֪񹬵ǿ
ٴοһǿ߾Ȼ¶ֵɫǴ֮ж񹬳˼ɵûѡʵҪܼ򵥣ֻҪ»СҪ񹬾Ϳˡ
޳Ѿ׵¶һ˿Цݣ˵ͽˣûʱƣѡԼʵϾǶ̶ֳȵߣʱֻգ֮䡣
̶
޳ܼ˵ּȴһֲõ롣
۾޳·Ҫ޳͸һ㡣
ڴǧ绹Ҫ
ⲻѯʣһַǳȷ޳÷ϵĵ̫أڲκεͣЪֻҪԼлᣬһҪȥ
һӣһǿϢ֣Ϣ޳еǳϤԾĿ˵սꪣ
սѾջˣǻûгǵʱˣҲ˳㽫ǾߣǺѣͷİɣʱѾȥ硣
̾˿Ѿˮ¹ȫ޳ЩϣѾ޷ˡ
һδ֪֣ȫֵĻңģҿԳźõķչ
˵ͷ˵Ҫˣˮ¹ĻһҪŻ
޳ĳΪԼɵøеָж˵ͷ˵һġ
߰ɣ
Χľɫָֻԭ״ΧһƬµɫϷʧӰ޳б㾹һֹ¶ĸо
ʶһܼįɡ
޳뿪վ߸ˣֱǿһѩ
ѩǶԼ˵ģ·֪ԼЩѾһսһ㣬һůůĸжֱѩðѩչ˺ð˪ȴͻȻѩ֪˪Ĵڡ
ǵߵĻָȥ˵ҪȥҰ˪ʱʹˮ¹úõ˪һģҡ
İѩѾ޳ǿˣ޳ǰҲһŮˣдŵˮ޳˵㣬ҲҪȫ
޳ЦЦԼϢͷų԰ѩ˵ڵʵ˭ҵĶ֡
޳ȷţ˺սꪣ˵ˣǺͽ϶սҲһûһƴ֮
ЩŮ˷޳ʵȻôɵоȣõ޳ûʹһʹĻԼֻĸ졣
ѩҲһֱĺսꪵ飬ϾʱǳҲûпսꪵȥ֪޳ںսǷǳģһֱҪ޳ȴû뵽һֱﱣš
޳źսꪣѩϳһ˿ЦݣȻû˵ЩʲôȻǶ޳ġ
һλȥĿ𣿡
޳˵ͷȻҪȥģԼѲȻҪЩݺԼһرԼҵˡ
޳ɱȴгرжҲһ
ѩ޳¶һ˿Цݣ˵Ҷ͹ŸʱǱһˮ¹л⡣
Ҷ͹Ÿ裬黹֪ʲôӡȻûսǵƾֹҶһ㣬ǵĹͿǷǳ޴ġ
޳ѩ˵һ£û뵽ԼԸеʱ򣬾Ȼô飬ɵøеһжֵܣԼôܹأ
޳뿪ˮ¹ããѩԭϷ˺ܾãҪ󺣵ټ
Ȼﵽ۷ľ磬ǲûдﵽֿ⴩ռĵزԹĴ󺣣һķɹȥ۷ʵȵٴνӴ½صʱѾʮ֮ˡ
۷ǿһ·ϱʴҲޱȣһ½أһǺúϴˮ裬Ȼһٱ
֮У޳׼ʰˣȴ͵˵ϼλĵ޳ɵһô£
Ǳ˹ȥʵôϼӼλ²ǻĺ𣿡
Щ޳Ļһŷһ㣬һ۾һУĵ˵УЩʱ㶼ںϴɣĿ緢ô飬ȻȫȻ֪
޳ʱ¶ɫϼӶҺԼô˵һȻôš
޳ûƺãͷųһ˿ϢЩ˸ܵϢ֮ɫʱ仯߶ǣȻ֪޳ʵȴܹᵽʲôڱУ·ǰһͿԼɥ
޳Լŭѹȥ˵ҵȷǸմӺϻ뼸λ֪
úã
⼸ﻹаһľ˵黹ôӼǰս޳˵𡣡
೤ʱ䣬ս޳ɷ˵
޳˵ͷ˵ҵǺ죬ս޳츳ʵǿ𣿡
ȷǺǿ󰡣ϧ˭뵽ȻļϸҶҹռҵˣĽӽ޻ӣҲ֪ô޻ӹϣ޳һĿ֡
޳ֹҺ޼ʥص޼ʥ֪ɣĿı񣬻Һ޼ʥĿĪĺô޳Ϳһ㣬ҲǿɫȻǿᣬҺ޼ʥصֹӲˡ
޳֮󣬿ЦһǺڰ׵ߵˡ


2141 
ˮ¹أ
޳ʵˮ¹Ҳһս֮еҪĽɫǴ˿Уȴûˮ¹Ӱӡ
˷ǲĿ޳˵ˮ¹ʲôˮ¹
Ĳ֪ˮ¹飬Ҳԣˮ¹Ȼʮ֮УȴΪ֪ЩоСȻǲ֪ˡ
޳ѾʱͻȻ˵ˮ¹Һеӡˣ˵޳ǸĿŰɡ
ԭǽˮ¹ѹˮ־֪ʲôö˵涼ŮˣⲻǴһļˡ
Ļû˵꣬˱޳ǰʧˣߵ˶ûκβ
˻˵һͣˣɵøеɻ󣬳߿ȴ˲ˡ
أ
ɻĿһˣ˵Ҳˣôһ㶼ûע⵽Ӷʲôġ
Ѻˡ
޳ģû뵽˾ȻܹԼĶ΢֪̽һ£ԭҲһߣֻΪߣϵϢ޳˵ֱûûʲô
վ׼뿪Ǹ˵ˣŷϵĻĭɫòҰףһת۵ʱԼֵܾͱ˹ǻңһʱŭģҲ˶ԷʲôΪ͵һվӦ飬ȻǸߣȴҲǸӡ
С˭ɱֵܣŲɱȫҡ
޳ûлͷֻ˵֡޳
˵ڵϣɷףлŰĭ
޳֣ǹˮ¹Ĵԣȷ̲סˡ
ӷٵĴһһǳأÿһϢʱҪڳǳ֮дһϢ뾩ԽϢԽ׼ȷȻˮ¹Щ˴֪飬ǹ޼ҵˡ
ǡ
Ѿ½Ϸ߰죬ʮѾȥˣ뵱ǸѾȥ¡
µʱúܶ鿪ʼϣȴ𽥿ʼ¡
޳ǳزûӡ󣬿ǿ֣ŵϤУٶȴֻҪһͿԵﾩǣ޳ЪЪţһԼ׼ؾǡ
ĺܹŹ֣ڱĳǳ췢ѾΪ˽ͷβĻ⣬ǳ֮ȴܻһټڳԷʱ̲סŵСѯʣ˭֪仰һ˵СʱֵĿ⿴޳
˰ɣ
޳˵ͷΪһˣûʲôصġ
ѵǵʱûпĸʾһɲ׼˵飬Ҳò޹ӵϢĻ
޳ɵЩ󣬷ĻôΪԼѲԼֶᡣ
С޳һӣߵһϣվſڣһ˰˲޹ӣڵɢҥԡ
޳һˣԭЩվԼߵģǴˮͣȴͻȻоһϢѸٿʮӵĹЩѾ⡣
СЩˣæЩ˵˵޹ӵĻѾȰ˵ˣȴŽ̲ġ
Ϊ׵޳ЩϤȴôƺˣ˵ǣ
ǣǴ󵨣㲻ʶ޹ҲͰˣȻʶСүǷ򡣡
С˵ƵӣǶô˷УЦ
´޳ûһ壬һµӣ˵ôմӺϻ
޳˵ͷ
öģسúʣúýһ٣ԺҲ֪޹мֻ۾
޳аЦԼǲǻˣԼͨɱȴ˵ԼĺûƺҲӡ
޳ΪԼһˣҲնĺˣЩ˽Լ̧ٵôߣһԭģԭźСүЩϵ
ӱ֮;ñЩ죬ű˵µķʽԲͷԲԵĳ࣬һˡ
޳ߣһ˼޳һ첲Ҫ޳ߣҪʱȴ޳˿ڵϡ
һ𣡡
޳˿Щ˿ɲһˣȻΪߣǼǧĶκ˵ڻ£޳ʹĽžڵϣ˿
Сүһߡ
Ϊǲʮϣﵽ򾳽ģǰܹúһѧ
Щ˾Ȼκβ޳㽫Ӹߣǵߵ޳ߣһ³δӣ뽫޳ȴû뵽ԼӷƮڿлȥ
ǵ˺㵥
޳ں˵ʲôһһߵ棬Χ˵Ĺ޳֮ͣסκҲ޷޳׵ķΧ֮ڡ޳ΪЩ˳֣ͺһͷһֻϵͲó֡

޳Ļʱɫ˵˵ʲôأʲôҲ֪
ҳıߣ
֮ûбˣֻ
˵
޳üͷһ壬һ˿ɱͷųԴСˣ˵ٶĺûҲûá
˵˵ʲô˵ڶ棬˳ŴﵽһֱߣȻգϹգһֱߣǰųֵӵľǡ
Լ۾ȴԼȻվڼ׵ĿУʱŵɫҰףǳϣ˶ˡ
ҲĻ޳ֱȥ¡һڳԺ֮УĽûеֵס޳һ˲ѡ
֮һֺ˴ӷ߳ŭ˵˭Ҵ޼ңˣ
漴ŷԼ˵ˣæĿ˵Ҵǵ졣
һѣ޳ʱΪʲôֻһ湶͵һôֻижﻹ
ң
ſű޳۾֮жʱţƨߵܵ޳ߣ޳˵ү
ô²ϲˣǲйˡ
˵˵ĳ޳һģ£Լ˵޳֮⣬˭޷ֳֳϡ
ү㲻ǡʵôᡭ
û뵽֮ڣ޳ʵȻﵽ۷壬㶹۾˲ŷϣ˵үǲҪģ½޼Ҷ
޳ҡҡͷ˵ҪĲֻ޼ңĿ磡
޳Ļʱɫһ䣬˵ʲô˼
˵ĿϼжС


2142 Ҷ
ԭ˵үǲŸոռͲҪŻ˺ðɣһΪҪ
޳üͷһ壬ʵҪʲô
޳Ƶ񣬸æͣסٺЦûʲô֪޹һģżµʱ͹ˡ
޳ĶӸ£СҲģ޳Ҫͱ̸Ծ뿪֮ʱһĿ⡣
޳һΣȻ˵ԼĺûôǰԼɷһ㡣
޳ĳڿ˿ûΪ޼ҹܼݶŲ˳ı˵Ҳ޼ҵĸϼӦò׵ķŹ㣬ôӳģһ֮
æ¶Цɫ˵޹ͱȡЦˣǱϴĻҵ
𣿡
޳üȻ֪ҶҵܼңǱӵһǳأô޼ҵܼء
޳ŵӣЦһ̹˵ðɣҽһж˵үǧңҶ޼ҿĹ¶ҪԼһ·ǡ޼ܼҵʱ򣬸·ļڶ޼ʾãҲǲٵĺô
޳ԽԽֵıһ˵ȷǲٵĺô
һЦ˵ȻǸʱҾЩÿ嶼һǳأ޼ҲھɣӵĽ£Ҳ޷жǸʱҾͽǸˡ
޳һⱫֵʱյĿ湻׼ȷģ޼Ϊǿʢʱһ֣֪ĻΪԼҪô
֮Ҳû뵽ôǿ޼ҾȻһҹ֮ȫˣ֪ʱ򣬱޼ͬͻȻ뵽޹㲢ȥǱˮ¹ˣˮ¹ʵôǿһƽµģҪˣһҪ޼ң˭ܼҰ
ܼҶǣҲںһ
ٴαˡ
Ϊɽڣǧ뿪ǣȻʺĵطҵʵۣҲˣûһ޼ҵ飬һ֮ͼ໹ԭ䣬ϧ̫ҵͬ룬ûжá
˵꣬һӡ
޳˻֣˵ҪˣԺ˵ȸ֮оʲô飬ҶôˣȨҲƣΪ޼ңҪϢӦòʲô°ɣ
ͷ˵ȻھǣǶԾǵָƣӦ²أ뿪֮ĵڶϼΪһʮҲ޿κΣϾµ⡣
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ô˵ʵˮ¹ǱͬⲻͬѾνˣϾΪˮ¹Ҫ޸޳˭ֹ
޳¶һ˿ϲɫ˵ͷ˵л³ȫڶǱҽֹϼӵǻֲĿǿ֣߳ԡ
üͷһ壬޳ΪҪֹ֮󣬾Ȼǵ˵ͷӦ
ȻѾλĿҲϼڴҵŲôʧֻҪҿ˵û˻ֹ㡣
޳Ҳû뵽Ȼôˣϲ˵£Ŀǽ޻ӣ
΢΢̧ۣ˵Ŀأ
ȻǱȻ޻ҲǾδⲻ㡣
ò᲻֪ڵɣ
޳˵£Ҳ֪ûҵĻһʽףӦ飬һὫȡ
ǾϲȻŭݣ˵޳޳ѵͲܰһ㣬ŸոҪȥѰ
޳ûнˮ¹˵־ĲԼȥ޼ʥأԼҪȥĻŻı⡣
һ£ǽ˵Ȼ಻޳Ͱ˪Ĺϵֻǽ˪صϢ͸¶֪Լòȥ޼ʥء
޳һ˵֮ȫĿ࣬˵˵˪Ϊ˾㣬ϧԼΪۣ
޳˵ͷ֮Ҳһ˿˸֮ɫ
˵ͷ˵Ȼ㲻òҾʹӦ㡣
޳˿Ҳ˵ˣǾ͵ȵøϼһϲ
޳׼뿪ʱȴ˵޳һҪӦһ顣
ʲô
Ҫɱϼ
̾˿˵仰ʱ޳о˼֣ŵһҪʱ򣬷þսս
޳ͷӦһ뿪
صջⱫѾ˯ˣ˿ûΪģʵ޳ҲǣҪƹ֣ʹЩ˾ûʲôµġ
죬ܶһҹδߣаϼ
ϼڴϷȥ۾һ˷ܣһǵǡ
ôˣѵõĶָо
ϼķ俴ȥܹǱߣǻʱǱ߾С
ʲô
ϼ·𿴼һӰǱɵϳֲɫ
ΪǸӰϸоȴ޷ܵϢĵһ˱޳
޳
ϼЦһ̫̾ˣ˵޳ˣߵλǿҲ˵޳ûлĿԣ޳ѲҲһ˺Ͱ׳գôأ
վڴǰһվһϣһֱڶ
޳ߵıѣΰѵĿ޳˵үż㰡
ϻ࣬Ų˯ȥԺҲѲˡ
޳ü˵ȥſӭӿˣϷϾҪˣ㻹˯
֮󣬸æ޳ɻ˵ӭӿˣ˭
޳ûнֱͣӴűţſзһȺǿ֮ʱжʱ˾ϲ֮ɫ޳˵үòʱڣֻȥҶң˳һ˹ռҰɣĻӦҪʱܻ
޳˱һۣⱫ㲻˵ʵ֮ҲŵҶҡ
һ±ʱ׹ԭҶҺ͹ռ㣬ҶҺ͹ռҵӡһ㣬񿴼аö⣬ȵ޼ٴγ͵ʱһ޼Һ彻ãԱĶ顣
ҶүӺ͹үӷǰ棬ɫڣڳſͣ£ϾǵϿ󷨣ֻдӳŲſԽ룬Ǹոͣ£׼ӳſڽ֮ʱȴ͵һХ޴ĸ͵رƷɡ
Ҷүɫһ䣬Լҹ·Ҳûмһߴ·ǵô֪Լ˻Ѳ֮ͽ
ͷżˣκ鶼пܣҶҺ͹ռͽҲš
޳
հĿųźվŵˣտʼʱһ˳ú޳񣬿ǵ̳ɢ¶޼ҹܼұʱӼᶨڱߵ˾޳
쿴˺޳Ҷǰ쿴


2147 ȳ
޳˵òΪҪȥĿΪУŵԼ˰ɡ
ԣǸ˺޳
ҶҲ
Ļû˵꣬㿴޳߷ȭЩ˾˸˵޳лҶҺ͹ռҵλ
һ£޳ٰ
үӺҶү۾޳ѾʧȥΪ֧һ궼ںһȼˣӦǱɵ飬Ϊʲô
Ƿѯ֮ǰ޳æ˵λǰæȣܹ֮ȻȫΪˮ¹İ
ү۾ͻȻɴȻ˵ҶͷҶͷ쿴޳ڵΪ
Ҷүͷɻ޳󲡳Ϊ˥Ǻģõô𣿿ǵĴ޳ʱȴ㱻޳ΪŻȥ
۷壡
ĸ˵ʱ˶ըһ㣬Щʶ޳Ƚ磬һЩҶҵˣ޳ոյĿʶ޳֪޳⣬ʵǳ죬ǰʱ֮ڣڱ֮۷塭ôܣ
һԾĿ޳Ȼ޳ʵǿкôЩж޳𰸣Ͼ޳ʵô죬ЩôδҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
Ҷѣ
ңڳ˶ϣĽҡ
˵ľʧ֮Ҷʵ޳˵ţ޳ô֪Ҫģ
޳ԼȥҶҵ˵һ飬ֽԼǱ޼Һ;ǵʵ˵Щͬ޳ôһϲ⣬ϾҶҺ͹ռѾעһಫʤҶҺ͹ռҶǻԵĴϼԼҶҺ͹ռҲѱ֮£
ȴһתΪѱˣȴʵıߣҽŪٴĶҲκε⡣
ô˵޼ĸ۷ǿߣ
Ҷү¶һ˿ǵɫϾ۷ǿ֮⣬кܶ۷ǿߣǶԸЩǿߵʱҶҺ͹ռش˺
޳ҲЩ˵ĵģҲûע⣬ߵı˵ûȥ޼Ǳ̽飿
æͷ˵үѾ̽ˣ޼ҵ󷨣֮ʱмһҶӺ͹Ÿ蹫Ӷѡ
Ҷɻ˵޳ļƻǣ
޳Ƶǰ˵һλ޼֮ǰĹܼңȫƿغָӵȨĻ޼ҵķ󷨾ǵƿ֮Уά󷨣۷ǿֱӴȥҶ͹Ÿȳ
ˣ
ҶүӵɫǳΣʵȻԼүôЩǿߣҶүӻǱȽʺϴֱ̿ͣսʺ
͹үֵĻԶӦûǿԵģʣֻ޳Ըˡ
ⳡսҪսپӣǶϿ޳Ҫ޳ܷ˵Ľ
޳һԶѣĬͬʱϢͷųҪ޳Ӧԡ
޳ȫ⣬ǿߵ֮£޳ȫûκ˺ⲻɵ˳ĵͬʱֶԼеôǿᣬЩԴ
˳ļƻ֮˱㿪ʼж
һ·ϱһ⣬޳ΪʲôԼǣǲ뵽޼󷨵飬Ѳ֮ǰѾ֪Լһʤ
޳ıӰȫϻʲôܹ޳еη壬޳޵ϣϣĿˡ
뵽˲ɵüԼΪ޼ҵһӸе
֮һ˱޼ң󷨺ܼ򵥣Ȼר󷨵ģǶ󷨵֪ʶ΢ЩԣЩ㹻ˡ
˽еԾһʼ鿴Ƿ޼ұһȺǿ߰Χˣʱɫ
ĸ۷ǿվڿУŭĳ濴·Ҫ˭Ҵһ㣬ǿվſڵ޳ʱһͬ׺䶥һ㣬һ𣬲ӿˤ
޳ôܣ
޳ſ£û˿ţһ̣һߣźȻ飬ſںŵЩ˲䱻˸ɳȥһŶѣ߰˸۷ǿܵش޳¶һֱЩŵҪ޳һǰˡ
޳˵ڸһᣬҪȥˣԷ⾭ʵʵţҾһôһϸµˣھͳְɣҿûôʱ䡣
үӿҶүһۣ˵޳һȥ𣿡
ҶүӿЦһ˵ղֲûиܵ޳ʵ۷ʱѾܹɱ۷ˣڼ۷²·磬οڵҹ⼸߸Ųغϡ
Ҷ͹ŸҲĶˣ˴໥һۣ˵߰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷվԺ󷨶Ҷ͹Ÿ˵ûжãԼ֮󣬱յͽ󷨵ıĸ۷ǿߵĻ뿪ˡ
ĸ˵һ޳ѾˣһŸ裬ŸĽԼȫʵͷųжʱһ޴ıЫӨ͸Ыֱӳĸײ˹ֱӱײɳȥ޳ʱҲˣڿлһ޴ʮ֣еıȴѹƵСĵزʮɱը˲䣬Щٴεɳȥڿ˿ѪҲûк޳ս
޳ȻĿЩˣҲ۷ôʵôСЩûֹŮ˶硣
޳߸е𾪣Щ˶޳ʵˣô벻ǰʵմﵽ۷޳ȴﵽ۷壬ڽ֮ǰһֱΪ޳ֻ۷Ϊ
Щ˲޼ʥصˣϼĻߣϣ޳ûжɱ֣Щǿ߳ҲνԼĶ֣ƹһվԼߣûг˵޳ҲһģΪ֪ƹȻһЧһңû޼ʥصĻң޼ʥ֮һìܣìԼԼߵĹؼ
Ҷ俴ҶҺ͹ռˣϸֳЦݣЩ˶ѾԷ⾭ûмʱĹܽ⿪Щ¿޼ңһⶼûУԼЩҪǰʹϾϼǻӣôֵʱôܲȥմ֡
޳ˣڵسŻʹȥ


2148 ߹
ϼߵˣЩ˵ҶҺ͹ռҲҲͰˣǶ˵˵ĺӣôҲûг֣
ͷ𵭵ĲϼҺμԼߣоҲڶǿ֮߱£˭ֹܹԼ
ҲϼɫЩԣϼߣ˵ʲô£Ѷ㽫ΪҲȥĻܶ㱣֤ʮ֮ڣ㶼Ŀˡ
ʮ꣡
ϼĶʱȻ۷źܴľ룬ݣҪһ֮ڴﵽ۷ǳ򵥵飬ϳЦݣ΢΢ͷ˵лл˾˳ȫ
ϳֺƵЦ⣬ŤͷʱЦȴɱ⡣
ʮֱ꣬Σƾɱ˶飬һ궼ϡ
ûв͸ǽϼȻûи߱ˣϾ˵صĴ¡
˵Ҳ˵Ѿˣϼ֮˶ԼɱģҲΪһ˶μַ
ҲǸʱ֪ģȻϼľ˾ˣҲǶµ壬ףͶ֮Ⱥϼ֮׶ˡ
һʱ֪ɱϼתһ룬ϼϾԼĶӣοɱϼҲûʲôãϼȻΪԶڶϼҺ޼ʥ˵Ҫá
ϼ˷ܵıӰϳһ˿м飬Ȼ;С
һܵǻѣֻ߹ˡ
ţΪһ˳ȴû뵽Ѿȥ޳
ܿҪʼˡҲһϼĸһǸ磬ôԼȵڵλ֮ϣҲõȵ
俪ʼϼ˳һУеĲС
ͻȻˡ
Ҷ͹Ÿ裡
ڹ·ûѺŵҶ͹ŸһĳֵĴ˲̣·ĹŮ໥һۣæ˻ȥ׼
ϲϲ
ҶЦϼӵǻôô᲻أСܴҶǰϼ¡
б¶ֱҶļأȻǳ˷̣ϼǱߵ˲վ۾Ҷ䣬˵Ҷ䣬ôӳġ
ûӰ޼ѾҶҺ͹ռռ죬ȻҾͳˣӳ߳
ϼ޼ҾȻ幥ռ϶ʱź⣬ŭݣһΧ۷ǿߣʾǳ֪֡ŸҶƶˣһûֱ֣ɳ˵ĸ۷ǿߡ
Ȼûж֣Ѿ֪֣һιŸ豻ץҲĸ۷ǿ֣߳ʵȻǿ󣬿ĸ˵Ͻ֮£Ÿûзֵء
ĸǿ߻Ǳ߿Ÿ軹ûгֵ˼ϲɵ¶һ˿ЦݣҶѵҹ¹ɵˣ֪򲻹һҹǰ
ǾʱǿϢͷųҶ͹ŸǿӰ˹ͬһĹӮһȣҪԶ𣿡
Ӯһ֣ĸǿ߶ʱɫϾǺ͹Ӯ֮֪࣬ӮʵҲ֪Ӯ磬ȻһĴ㡣
ռҺҶң
ϼŭǽ޼ҲͰˣȻʹ֮УΪԼûˣ
Ҫ췴𣿡
ϼŭĴ󺰵Ѿ˶֣ΪʲôǰѲɡ
תͷޣûлҵ˳ıǳģ⽫ҶҺ͹ռһԵĴΪǧǧˣҲôǱŻҳ
ϼ׵ЩβףΪʮ˲û˳֣ĸǿҲڿжţӮľҲԥ
ɶ񣡡
ϼһ˿ɫĲʮ壬޼ʥأ˾Ѫϴʹ
תͷԼľ˾ˡ̣Ӧóˣ޼ʥصЩʵȵԼ
˾ˡ
ϼȵĿ⿴Ỵ̵̂˵ͷվǰһѾ˿Уٶȿ˸ֱȻɡ
˶ó̵ʵˡ
Ҳһȵ̾ΪӶ̵ϣһ˿ϲصӰӣѲɶϲ׼Լ²̣
Ļһ޳̸ɱˡ
ЦһףԼ˵Ƿǳµ飬Ƕ޳˵ȴϡ
ڿпҶǿߣɵ˵ͷ㲻˵ĶһԶҲֵĻĶԶ٣ѵһܹԸ
˿ûΪӮͶŰĳã˵֮һתʱĸ֮У˵ԸҶҺ͹ռҶĿ˵ǲɻȱĴ壬ҲϣΪǵĳɼͬĿĸ
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ӮЦ˵үѵ۷𣿡
̿ԼѾôӣǹӮȴһ㶼ںӣʱŭ塣ɱʢ˵ٶôǼˣһ˳־͹ܵˡ
𣿡
һȴ˴ϢѹϿմһʹϷֱӱƻһջ˿ûܵ󷨵ѹƣЩ˸ܵϢ֮ʱȴ¶ɻɫΪǵ֪̽УȫĴڡ
һ룬ǰ¶ա
޳
ôܣ
һ˲䣬˶Ϊ޳ĳֶ̾رЩ۷ˣ֪ǶôصƣӦñɵģǾɵĳǰ
Щ˿޳֮ı޳ʵβ޳ݣ޳ȻվҶҹռߡ
ϼҲɫϾ޳Ͷֹ̽ҽ̸ܣ޳ϵϢٴη仯ֻ¾ǶҲǶ֡
Ŀ⿴ߵľƹ˵ǰ㡭
£㻹ûеǻֻĿ˵ķԸϷ޷֡
ֻĿ˵ķԸϼظһ䣬һ˿ŭûнԼ
£ӲܽԼ뷨ģֻܽȵΪվԼߵģϾԼĵλģѽ֮ȴֻǸ⣬δֹ


2149 
Ϊʲô
ϼյĳ󺰵ΪʲôҪôңҵλòͬѲɾΪ޳Դǧˣ
μҵ˺Ͷϼҵ˶ٲֻ֣¾ˡ
̿ǰ޳˸ܲ޳ϢôܲԸ֪Ҳ˵ľ
ﵽ۷ľˣ
̵ֿʼȻԼҲûз֣Ĵڿٵת޳ﵽ۷ʱԼѾĶ֣ԼʵȻӣû޳Լ޳սĻֻǱذɡ
ͷΨһܹ޳ֵǿߣľƹѾᶨԼʵ޳ǰȥʱڲԶ˵ĶԻȫˡ
ĿǱң񿴼ϼУ뿴һĻڣת֣пԸ޼ʥأ
̴ʱ˿ףԼѾû·ĿЩ˲֣޳ҲԲԼЩ뿪
ϳһ˿Цݣһ˿Цݡ
ڶ̵ߣѾȫ˺ɫɳƣΧ˵Ǳһû£ΪԾĹ
ͷһϼϼ΢ʵ׺ϢʱŵһƨڵϣΡΡĿỴ̂·Ķ̻ɱԼһ㡣
̲ûг֣ϳһ˿Ц⣬˵İɣĶûֹܹˡ
һѣڿоγһ޴צǿ޳Ǳ߳ȥ޳ɫһ䣬æֵס
޳ǹУǸ˲佫޳ɳȥ޳ɵڼ䣬޼ʥصǿҲжǶڹǺģϾ֪޳ʵһ޳˻ῪʼǸ֧Ųס
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ոսõĻʹٴαƻƻֻǻʹѡ
޳ɳȥֱӴӳǽϴ澩֮С
ͨ˸֪ʲô飬ֻʹĳǽ˲飬޴Ĳƻ¥ڲ֮УһӰݺݵˤ£ϵ߻ǿӰ֮һͬĩһ㡣
޳ˡ
޳ûֳˣ
Уһλʹս޳һɵģϲɱһǧˣҲ޳ͷϡ
ǰ޳ս񣬶޳Щ˵һ
ǶΪѾˣǣ޳սóһ޿ƥеӣЩľ
ɱ޳
Ҳ֪˭ʼıһɺ·һӦ
޳Уˣüͷһ塣
δԲЩ˵飬ûмԩ޳ЩȴַԼ
һŭ޳ֻҪԸ⣬һԽЩ˸ɱʣ
ƹʱѾߣһĻر޳ѹŵɱһ䡣
֪޳ԩģ޳Ķ֣ҲӲܡ
޳ûжЩ˳֣ǵסһĹùನЩ޹ˡ
ôһ޳ٴδڱ
޼ʥصЩҲ޳ʱ϶ʱ¶һ˿̵Цݣ̿޳Ц˵޳޳Щ˵ʲôϵã
˵ĹٴμӾ磬һβ޳޳Χ𹥻޳òȥֱֵ޳ܵ㡣
޳ɲϣ֧ϿЩҪɱˡ
Цһתžƹ˵޳Ըô
һֱˣ޳ȽϣЩ˼ֱ̫޳ˡ
ƹҲŭˣ֪Լٲְ޳ֻ޳Щ鷳Ծƹ˵ȻˣǾٶһְɣǽеĶע޳ϣһˣԤУһһѺˡ
ƹ̬Ȳ֣Ͼ޼ʥЩ˵Ϊ޳ǴǧΣڱĿˣ޼ʥȴɱĿˡ
ֻҪǱǺ޼ʥΪС
ǡ
ְɡ
ƹ˲ʧһֵĵط޳ߣЩ˵Ĺǽһ̧һɫϽеĹ
ЩҲ۷ǿߣܺͽ֮Ų࣬һ˳ô๥ϵɫҲһ¡
·˸ǲ֪ԣǿ޳һôǿİ֣ղŵĿںҲҼٺˡ
ϿյĶ̿žƹ֣ɫʱøѿתͷվڿе˵ʲô˼
һʢˡ
üҡҡͷʵʱĶֻҪͷϴ޳飬뿴Լķ˶һĶѾɥʧǣǾƹԼߣֻԼɱ
ԶѾʧˣԶ˵޳֮սĿ籾֣Ŀ˵в޳̫ˣһλᣬ뿪սǻΪУ
һһնȻû˵˶ˣѡվ޳ߡ
ȻѾ̬ˣļȻ۲ƣһ۷ǿ߶վ֤ǵ
ãܺã
ЩˣֻҪЩɻ׷ԼҲûжηġ
ĻɫøѿµѾ޷ٶ޳֣Լ˻һƴ֮ŭĻɡ
ϸֳһ˿ЦݣһŵЦݣ޳㲻ĿĻǾ͸뿪ǣǳս
޳⣬ûа취ʩչ㲻̵ĹȻǿ󣬿ǽôʱˣӦ֪Լ޳Ķ֣ΪʲôҪԼսأ
ﵽ⣬ֻһ˲ѣ·Щͨ˵Щ˵ӰӣϿձѾ徻ˡ
ЩҲæ׷ȥ֮ǰ޳Щ˵ĹǱɣߣ˵Ĺ֮£ҲûлĿܣ޳ȴЩ˼ϣ
һ۷ǿߣϷǿɲܴ
·Цվ޵ߣԼȻû£ȫľѾסˣ޷ʹɳ·Цߡ
ЦЦ޳ؼʱ֣ͬʱҲе̫ĵǣϾ޳ϳ̫漣Ŷʮ꣬ʵȴ˵ĿţֻպΪĿˣԺҲÿ޳ɫͲʲô
·Ц֪޵뷨ͬʱҲ΢΢Ծû뵽޻޳һ֡


2150 Ѫ
·Цҡͷ˵ڻûгΪĿˣδҲ̫Զ˰ɡľ֣ش֮޳Ѿ޼ʥأȻ޼ʥ޳޼ʥضóû취ĻӦң޳վߣǵжӪ
޿ߵĳ·Цӳ·ЦҲѡվ޳ߣǶ޳ʲô뷨޳ʵҲ޼ƿʩѵĿ֮УԼȴҪһѹţ
ٶĲҲţ޳޼ʥصսǹؼ
Ӻ޳˱ڼٹ֮ǳɭ֮Уֻ۷ǿ߲ܸЩ˵ٶȣԱһȺ˳߸ֻ֮ʣʮˡ
޳˵ãʡսʱηηš
޳ͶվڿУѾͷųѪԣ޳ҲѾ˺ɫаﵽ۷֮аԼӰԽԽС޳ʵȴ˱øǿ
Ǽ򵥵ĽսһǰĿռһ
̸޳ʵȻ޳վţȴо޳ʵԼ֮Լ޳֡
ͷżϼҵˣ¶һ˿ѯʵɫ
ôרĶ̾Ȼѯˣһϸ΢Ҳ޳޳ȴû˶ҡϾԼԵʵǰЩô뿪
һʹһǿʽ޳ҲһԼǿﵽʲôز
̱޳ֹԼˣԿһ֣ɵ޳Լվţ˿ûжֵĴʱ֮зǸӳԹޡ
޳̫Դˣһڵģ
ɺɫķ籩ϿвǳصĲϼʹõѪԲעԼ֮УǳſƯȥ
ЩѪԽγһУиǿ󣬷·ҪΧһиսȥ޳Ҳеһ˿죬һ˿ΣոС
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޳ɵÿЦһԼܹΣնɱҡ֮Уս꪿ԼΣ֮У޳ȴ޼ƿʩֻ˳Ӧսꪡ
Χǿ߶ܹܵǿ󣬾ƹҲŤͷѯ˵£֪һ𣿡
¶һ˿Ц˵ϼĸ׸˵˺ܶ޼ʥص飬аѪԵԴѪԲǶϼ˵Ƕϼҵػޡ̰ǡ
ƹɫһ䣬ػޣܹƵ޵ޣʵﵽزѲЩҪٻ񾳽ޣ
ƹǲı飬ҡͷ˵ǲܻὫ޸ٻ޼ʥصĴֱһޣЩ޵ֻһǾǱ񹬣
񹬶֣ǾƹҲ¶ؼɵ
Щ˵֮˵ȻὫ޸ٻҵôŨĲѲǵĺ̰йأ
˶ɻ󲻽ʱ򣬼ϼȴĳμߣһĿǿߵһ˲䣬ǵ屻һĪ˲Щ˱ɸʬ
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Щǿ߳һۣǿ˽ŵɫ֮󣬸æĻ뿪
޳˵޳ҲһϿ뿪㲻Ķ֣
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ƹȻ֪˼ȴΪʲôҪô
ǶϼҵĽѪĻҲϼҵƺܹͨʩչԶԶʮʵȴԼΪۡ
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Ҳ֪ٻʲôǿ˵ΪĴڣŻöϼҳΪĴ֮һμ޷ʩչͬʱʩչԽ࣬Խ󡣡
˵ĹѾ˵ʮĴɽϣܸôԶľ룬˽ԼϢ˺ĿǱߣǿһ
޳Ҳ뿪״̬뿴һϿյǸʲô
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ιʲô
޳Ŷ̵Ŀ⣬ʱЦãѲɶ̼ھҪԼɱԼˣǽٻʲôô
޳⣬Ȼ֪ʲôͨϷлЩѪƣǶԲǸࡣ

ͻȻһȭڿϣεĿرɰɫһͷʼ֣ͷԽԽҲԽԽ
һĻΪݣǰĸˣû˶ʩչһУĸ˵嶼һͳһ㡣
ĸ˵ʵԼӦú׾ֵܹ޳ıȴ޳ûô򵥡
ôԶ޳Ǳ߷ܹüȴ޷ܵЩ
ü˵ֻϣ޳ҪУ̵ʵ֮ǰʮ޳ѾǳˣٶЩУ޳ֻ¡
ƹһ𾪣һ似ܹʵһ⵹Ǻܳϱ㽫޴ĸʵҪʮǵ޷ܣؾЩҲ޷ܣһˣҲɷˡ
޳ҪǸܵǿľ޴ѹҲô
Ӱȭ
޳ûֱ֣ʹԼȫǾ޴ȭͷͼͷײһ𣬺¡һһĢƴ޳Ͷ֮ը˿δ޳ȴǱ޴ĲƷɳȥ
վλҲܹܵǴʱվһ±ϣ۲Ǳߵ֮¶ڷ΢ҡΣ˵޳ǱˣΧһȫݻ٣޳ǿԼȶŶǱߣ֮ж˼־⡣
ղȻǺͶ֣̽ȴܵһɲڶ̵ϢϢǿԺ
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޳ԾѿڶȻϢرǿ󣬿ʩչʵȴǿԶ־綼Ȳϣ޳Զ̶˼ֽȴûо⣬ҲûһԼ뷨


2151 С̰
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޳ǳɭ֮мٵޣҲкöϢ̣ܹ޳е־ģȴֻжܹ
Բʮ֮ڶѪƸǣɫ޳еĽŸԽԽأỴ̂Ŷ̼˻ûж֮ǰһͬһɫǳŶǱײȥ
ÿٶȣ
˶е𾪣ٶȳǿֱŤռ䣬Ǻ˭ܹ׷޳ٶȡ
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̾ȻˣԼر˳ֱó޳ȥƣҪ޳սһ
ǵ뷨㹻֮⣬ٶҲһ
ǿǰۻҵһĻЩ˺ţﵽ۷ĳ̶ȵ˾Ȼѡս
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ƹҲɫȻҲȷԼܹսʤ޳
Ѿɳһĵزǧ羿һôţ
ϵĸпɵ˵ȵ޳ﵽ񾳽ʱ򣬹Ƴǿ֣û޳Ķ֡
仰˵Ѿﵽ޵ûʲô
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뷨ոմӾƹ𣬽ű㱻񶨣ôһôܣ޳ûаյġ
޳ʶȷģ޳ȷûɱ֣룬Ǻսжʱ޳ڽѵĵزսԼܲǵĶ̵Ķ֣Լȴֹܹ̣ܶԶɱ֡սꪷµĻֻάְƽֵ״̬
һʵϻ޳Լƿأ޳Ҳö⣬Լϵĺսꪣɵð̾һ˵һ˳㣬ҪǽҴ;һ˵ġ
޳ĻɵһΣսֻһѣҺսˣȴǺսȫ޿κΡ
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޳һ˦Ǿ޴ĺɫУ·ԽһиǷеǸצӵԱʱȴһĪжʱʧǱߵĿռһЩ˲Ť֮⣬·һû
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Щ޷Ǳߵ״ڵĿʶ޷ͨ͵ΪһѾʱǱȴ¡һһ޴Ĳɢ·Ҫն롣
Ǳ֮֮޳һȭںսϵΪ̸ܹɱɵЩɢ֮´ʱľȴ˲
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ͷһ𣬶θѾˣϳļһ
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ϿҲ˷ܵĺУϿŰצʧɫ⳯ſȱע룬ע룬мĿȱĳһĸо
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ΨһһˣʹҲѾΪ˷һֱӱ̰ϣҡҡλδӿ׹䡣
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ž޴ĺһ˲ɢգۼĹ򣬱㴫ǧķΧ֮ڣ̰Ҳ֮жǶ޳֣תͷŲڼʮ֮ˡ
Щ˶ʱɫ벻ԼѾôԶȴܹ֪̰ǽĿ⿴˻Ͼ̰ĹûܹסǼĿ۷ǿߣҪһ򾡡
Щ˴ʱ˿̲ظ֪ĿЩǰ޼ʥǰǼֱͬһͨһ㡣
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ƹǲܷ̰Ƕ֣ܵѸٵ뿪
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һεľƹ׾ƹ˼ŵ˵Ұ޳


2152 ƽ
ƹεĿһۣ˵޳һʼûнɱһа취Ը̰ǲôġ
ûа취Ը̰ǣֻô
ѯʣƹ¶εɫ˵ƽʱʱЩģôͿˣ
һڣǻҵ񽥽ָεĿЦһ˵ǺͿˣ޳ע̫ϣ޳ϲˣкǻҡ
ǿߣ˵Щ˾Ȼȥɣ
ŸҶվ˵£
֪ŸҶ޳֮Ĺϵǿ޳Σ֮жԼ뿪ǾԲܵ飬ǵ˵ͷ˵ǶСһ㣬λǰᾡı֤ǵİȫ
ΪһˣȻգ˵ߵĻЩ˱˭뿪
˾ƹһۣȻû˵˼ȫףĵ˵ͷ˵һжˣһᾡĴϢ㡣
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һֱΪ޳˵ҲЩж޳֮ǰһжֵˡ
뿪֮󣬾ƹŶ»ȥһμ˿ɲҿ̫ǴӿԶԶǱߵľ
̰ϲѪֱԼŪ˵ʱŶֵƶӣ֮ܶһԽսԽǼһ޳һʼͰѹס
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ͬģһ鷳ΣձתƵϡ
ƹҶвɵ¶˼ɫһᣬ˵ǿԣ㾡ҪͷųԼϢ
ŸһԿͳǵĽϲãŸȻҲŵĵɫȴôء޳Ҷ䡣
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Ҷ˵ͷڵľ㹻޳ˣ޳Ǳߣ˵޳ҵ𣿡
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ҶǿдϣƹųԼ߳ĹæһֽԼҶסҲϵĺˣ뿪
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ο޳ǿһ̰˵ȴһЧûУǽŭѣһݷǿ˸е
һߣƹҶŸߵʱ϶һ亹ǲĿ޳Ǳߣ֮г𾪵ɫ
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޳һ޴ĺӰﵽ۷徳޳ٴνһʹóĺӰ޳źսꪵӡ
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۾ſе޳־η˿ûк֮ǰһٽ޳


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޳г˲ʣ˵ƽζǺϢǶ޳˵ƽζԼûսʤ̰ǵĿܣ̰ɱԼȴѡ
Щûмս֪޳ĸܣ̰ȻŭȻȴûʹȫ·ڼɵʲôһ㣬ʹó߷޳ȴѾʹóԼȫȴǿ൱ѡ
ӵ̰ҲٴУ̰ڵӣٶʧɫΪǵûȫԼʹȫ֮£ȴ޷˺
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ͣЪ·ʱͣ١
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Ҷ䶼ЩŸ;ƹѾüͷҲʱ޳ʲô飬ȴܹܵʱ޳ϢһһĲϱǿ
·磬ϢȴԽԽǿѲ޳˶֮У
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޳״̬źսꪣܹܵһϵĴӺսԼϡԲģԺսꪱ
޳ԼоսƺܣԼô򵥡
ʱսٶҲںֻҪȽǰ̰ǸܾУ̰һХ߰˸޳Ǳߺȥÿһ֮ͬǰȫһ
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ƹϸ鿴һ޳״̬ϲûܵôеˣ֮Բ֣Ϊһ㲻ʣȫĴˣ˵ʹøղǿʽˣͨĹ
ƹ̾ϢһӦ뵽ÿһǿʽһĸã޳һе˾޴󣬶Ĵ۽ʧӦúǺ㣬ֻϧ޳Լûаպȣս֮й˷ѣ³Ҳˣ


2154 
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޳κǱôʱ䣬Щ˽һЩرʳ﹩ⷽ棬ƺеļ嶼ǱΧũĹ
ֻҪ˹ʱ䣬Ȼ޳켣Щũ֮УҪμңӦòǶôѵ飬ϾμʶԼһˣԼܲôúײ
һ֮޳ڷμҹԼũĵظڶĺ档
ΪԼ׵Ľμңȴû뵽ſڳˡ


2158 ټ
վסÿһ˶Ҫ飬ǿ㽫ϵĶͳñժܹ֮ͨС
޳棬鵽Լһʱ䣬޳н𲻺õԤУԼоԼ޼ʥѾ֪ˡ
תĩһ룬ԼĿֳôĶ޼ʥϢҲֻԼѾ޼ʥص˶ɱˣʣһû״̬µĶ̣ҲʲôΪ
ǻ֪Ҫμң
޳˿ϾԼҪμ飬һֻһ֪鱻μ֪ĻǸ߾ͺˡ
޳ǳҪԼ޳Ҳܵġ
״̬֮£ЩһڵԼ
޳޴䳵һۣ䴬ڵ֮£ԼͿԻУǰЩ˲ὫԼ˵
޳ٶȿԱ֤һ˿һЩҪͣٵĵط޳ܱ֤Щͨ˷ֲԼ
ĵĽУȻЩ䳵ڵ֮£ѸٵĳμҳȥЩܸ֮еһ߾̧ͷʱʲôڡ
޳Ƿһһ˿޳˵λүղźʲôȥˡ

ڵŤͷ߿޳ǡ뿪һĻͻᱻ˿
ڵϳŭݣ˵ж
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ղŵΪܹ죬пܾټǷǸˣɴɱһ٣ҲܷŹһټµ
ˣߵʱ򣬼ǵðʬ̧ȥ
޳δԶϢ֮ǿŻȥɱ˵ĳ嶯˼ȥ
޳Ҫȥ뵽ԼܻҪ鷳ǽ鲻֮μȻܴ󣬿ǽ֮ΧľͻϺ֮ܶ࣬ǰ޳ģЩ۷ǿ߶һ뿪ˡ
˺ܳһʱ䣬ҵμҲرλˡ
ǿĽƣ
޳ҪӽʱͷͻȻһɿµΣУæָջһ⣬󷨵ĴڣԼ޷С
ڽμңҲֻɵۡ
ԲߵʱһϤϢԶæӸ޳ȡԼһϢҲй¶ǰˣɵԳԾΪ˲Ǳˣҡ
μɢģҲͬμ֮УɶΧ˾裬Ϊһݾ裬޳㱻֡
վͥԺ֮Уһ˿ɫղܵһİϢԼˡ
Ѳɽ˲ر󣿡
Ųرȥڲرǰ棬ϵͷһ£⵲ǰĽ˲ʧҽ֮ٴγ֡
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޳ȥ֮£Լòȥˡ
ķܺѰң޳ҵˣȴ
Сȥˣ
޳һѾͷ·æѯʵѾ߿޳һۣһش̬ȣǵ޳˧֮ʱɫһ죬ŤŤ˵ҴС𣿴СԴӳȥ֮󣬾ҲûμңҪĻȥ߼ʮ֮İٻȡ
޳ٺһЦ˵ллˡ
޳Ҫ뿪ȴѾԼ֣Լ
ɣӦҲĽСİɣС׷߶ˣϵĴ壬ƶ֮ˣûһ۵ġȻú˧ʹС֮ž޴ĵλ˵Ųԣûлġ׷ңɼĴС㣬һƽƽĹӡ
˵꣬޳ۣѾͷȻòһַҪ޳եɵʲô˼
޳ͣæЦ˵ˣֻҴС¶ѣҵС㣬㣡
˵꣬޳ƬҲûͣ뿪
޳Ȼǳѣȥȴ׶ˣֻҪͷ߳ȥЩ˸ᡣ
޳ȥ֮󣬱㳯Ǳ߷ȥѾܳʱûмҲǵġ
Ҳ֪֪֪һţǲ֪ĻͻȻǰ᲻һ
޳վɽ棬һȥȫʻһƬΨľ󣬶޳ȴ֪ΪʲôǰȴǳһѪȵĻ档
˵ô£
˦˦Դ뷨ʱ֮Ժɽ֮кһӣ㳯ŷ֮ȥԼϢȴʱͷų״̬ȻղŵЩþﲻҴ⡣
ͻȻˣ޳һŵĺ档
һɫٻӰӷ֮߳ڻ̵Ļ֮УӰһһ㣬Լ֮ˣ
޳Ůˣ֮¶һ˿Ļ֮ǰǸӣа
ι
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һ˲䣬ɱǰŮ·˲任һˡ
޳˿ֱ˸һ㡣
޳֮֮г˾ȣ޳˵޴硭
ԣ޴Ѿˣ㵽˭ǲҸġ
˵ľ裬޳еԾͬʱҲǳжرһ޴磬ȷǰ˾ɡ
޳ԼĺսóЦ˵֮⣬˭кսꪵ
гϲ޳˵㡣
˵˵ѾˣһΪѾ
û˵꣬һһ㡣
޳ε˵ⲻѾ𣬵ҵȷǲˣ
޳ԼŽһ飬һЩؼû˵ǶĴ٣ǵ֪̫࣬鷳
޳˵֮¶һ˿Цݣ޳˵ԭ͵
ֱӵĻ޳Ҳһ˿ɫ˵ĲûдԼȷ͵
Цݵ˵ҵģ԰ɣ
Ȼһμң˵ûдñӵ·˳ϣ˵ҵˣЩ˾û˸Ҽġ
޳һת˲仹һñӵĳӣһ֪Ǻˡ
¶һ˿Ц⣬û뵽޳ӾȻôЦ
޳ϵЦݣɵЩΣ˵ӵô᲻ᱻϳ
סЦҡ˵ģһϳġ


2159 ر
ģһϳġ
ôᶨĻش޳վЩǰֵĸȻ
С㣬˭
ҵ£ôˣ
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ЩȻη壬ηˣηҡҷǳ˶֪飬ֻڱ˵֣ûнС㣬̱ҷʬ롣
޳󣬳ŲرǱȥ޳ΪԼѾȹΣյʱ򣬽ϵͻȻӱ
ڻˣ
ΪϼӰ޳ɱԶԽϳԹޣܽϴСԼ󣬿ɿϵӣȴ̲ס޳Ϊ˶ܽϣֱ뿪
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ԼΪҲǳ˺ڣ϶ԼôãԼȴΪ޳Ƣ޳ûһֱڴֽϣε˵ϣ
ҪޣҪް
ЦǺǵ˵ˣиϢҪأ
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ҷƭ˵ıҲͦߵģ
޳˵
˵ȻҵĿʱܵٵĿ࣬Ҳѧ˲ٵĶΪɫıƭˡ
޳ܲԱ߲˵ϾƭôΣ
޳ĻͶһӿ޳
޳ԺȥرںԺ֮УڳǱţȴͻȻһ뿴ˡ

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ף
κܣǿĿһһ룬Ϸǳ簮Լ޳ɻأκܺңҪȥɲס
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κܲûмԼǿԼܹ뵽޳ֻҪԼһ㹻˵ݣͻûʱ룬־˵ݱѣ硭
κȫ˵Ĺ֮УΪκθԼŮѣǳ𾪡
һϸӿ޳޳ĳ࣬ȷ˧ģҲᡣٿΪȻﵽ۷壬ȻҪһ㣬Ҳһš
޳⽫ԼʵѹƵ۷״̬ѹƲ೤ʱ䣬һϸ۲죬Ҳһ۲ġ
ôʶģ
ǰڰٻ棬Ȼͳˡ
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κ۷ѹ֮£޳ߵκܵǰκ˵ҵѵ벻𣿡
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κܶʱɫȻĿ޳˵ˣ
޳ҪκΪԼ񹬵ˣŲֹԼ
κܵɫøѿ޳ǷݰԲ١һβн飬κȴ޷ֹ
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κһЦȻԼŮȻ˸ѣǿ񹬵˷ϣԼֲ˵Щʲôĺ˺ϣμҴܶô
˵ҹܲţҲܣҪһ취Ըɣ簮ĳ̶ȣƳ޳֮⣬İ㽻κ˵еġ
޳κܾȻᵽԼ֣ɵúǺ棬֪һĸˣȴһԺӵĶ֣ǹģԼġ
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޳ƽ˹ڽӴƵ˲䣬ܹܵԪء
ѹμҵЩ˶ὫƴߣⶫٻԪһٶȡ
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ȴҲϰ£ȻƣȴûнȥϾ޼ʥ֮УҪʲôʲôҪЩ
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޳ոսУΪԼѾûˣȴû뵽Ƭռ֮УȫѾ÷ˣ޳ܹЩգֱӴ򵽽ΪҲпܡ
޷գ֮
ôᣡ
޳У粽Уμҵбǰš
޳޷·ǰǧ֮˻ȥһӶʱ䣬޳ʼż
һǴʲôأϾ޳ǸսѣʲôûжǴʲôصĻҲ˵μҵ˽ҲҪμȴȥ硭
޳ͻȻ¶һ˿ЦݣЦԽңΪʶܹˣμҺԼ֮⣬ܻˣһ֫ѹʧ


2160 ҵμ
޳ܵϵϢʧ˿󷨵ȷǿ󣬹ƾ̶ֳȵǿҲᶯãҪ⿪󷨸Ǽ򵥣ֻҪתԼӰѩѧĹͿˡ
֪Լֶôˣ󷨳Ԫغ͹֮⣬ԪصҲͬƣϵߣҲμҵˣҲᱻ֮⡣
ֱ֪ܹǷμҵˣΪ޳ϵϵĴ󷨲УҲΪμҵˡ
޳ȥ̫ĶˣϺõ͵ҩЩǺö޳ȴҪȥֱӳѰȥ
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ˮ¹Ȼûи޳˪Ҫ٣ô࣬㹻˪ʹõˡ
СȡߣѾõҪĶҪ뿪ͻȻᵽһصζζеĶϤͷŤȥһռһŵҩ֮ϣ滹ɢصϢ
תֻص
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¶һ˿Цݣתֻص޳ʵҲСϾתֻصôĶţҲӦűʩɣ޳Ľתֻص֮ʱ˿
ȴ֪ǣתֻصһ˲䣬ϵɫرѿѾ˱߽֮û˵̳߸
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κܸæӦ޼ʥôԼĻȥң
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ϵı飬ʱֻæ󺰵ȴûֹܹң޳˵ãҲ˺ſҪ˵
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Ҳû뵽Ҷ̶֮ǿ޳ѯʱ˵֮ǰһǺ֮ǰһĳ̶ȣΪϣͺ֮ǰž޴ĲΪѾﵽϵֵزȻ˵ףǶң˵ΪٶȣѾúܿˡ


2161 ޳ı仯
ǰԼİ˴֣ȴһ취ûУΨһеҵ֮ǰҴӦɱ޳
˵ˣ˵ɱ޳һ޳ܹ˶೤ʱ䡣
ʱҺ޳ϢƾУΪ֮ϣȵռϷ硣
Ȼ˵޳Ѿﵽ۷̶ˣۿһ£ûһ亹ֻдﵽ۷ĵزʵǿ󣬾Ҳûܹ޳ܡ
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˵仰֮ٵ뿪뿴ԼİĸһħĴڡ
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Ҳ֪ԼӦ֧˭޳վڿжҲټ֮ʱȴ˿

ԶԶ͸ܵϢɫǳѿǲ߷սǻһˣ̽λأ
κ֮ܿŭɶŽϵĻһȥúýѵһ١
ϣҸˣ˵ѪѾħˣ
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κȫͽѵ׿æѯ˵
ʵĻشǱߣ
ָϢķ򣬷ٵĸȥ
ǳ֣ҲɱԼ˸޿ˡƫƫ˶κΪİĺӣһ˲䣬κҲ֪ô
˵Ĺ޳֮Ѿսٻغϣÿһνֶ޳ȵռϷ磬ҳԾĿ޳˵ôܣôܻǿĹ޳˵ڴǧ羿ʲôݣ
޳¶һ˿Ц⣬ԼڴǧĲôߣһԱѣЩ񾳽統ɽˣԵù¿һߡ
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2162 Ѫ
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2163 
޳Щ˵ϼҵ˽ĴˣкǺ棬Ҫ֪ҵϢֻҪѯʾͿˣûеõ𰸣ǵӦֱӽɱǴߣ
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2164 ɱ
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޳а̾ЩΣͬʱԼҲž޴Σʮʱ䣬ܽЩ˸ɱֻܾܵĸЩ˿־У޷Լ֡

һдһ۷ǿߣ޳һӰȭˣӶֱӷɵ棬ķ㲻ڳ޳ǰ֮û޳ܲ⣬һıǽϣսֱ̽Ӵزᴩ
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۷ǿ޳ǰʲôǣ޳ǿʵЩ˸е־廹ץȴ֪޳ÿһɱʱ򣬶Ὣʱĳʾ飬оԼһʧʱŻ֣Ϊûлʧһʧ󣬱ζʧܺ
ֻʣʮʱˣ޳ܼսǾ쳷룬ڳ֮ǰҪ֤ܵĺЩ룬ҪʧɾʱҪͶһ۵ԭ
ɹˣ׼뿪˲䣬ڿҪҪ׷룬Ȼֻһ룬ȴ޳롣


2165 ȳ
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޳ϢΪʲô˹죬ԭѾ˼ޡ
Щ˲ԣ㿴ҿ㣬û˸׷ȥ쿴һĻаһЩˣԼǱ߷ȥ
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رңеϤһӰУŵĿŽϣȴֽҲֱ飬Լе뷨Ӽᶨˡ

ͬʱ˵
˵仰˲䣬޳ߵĿռ˲һ󶴣սĿռ䲻ͬռȶܹ̤ƿռǿߣҲֻ񾳽ˣ
ѷ֮УһϤӰ߳Ӱֵ˲䣬㳯޳ȥССһѽ޳סͷ޳ĻصĿһᣬ޳ǰ·ʪ͸ˡ
޳

޳ѾսˣϵϢӰ쵽οΪǱԼǿˣӰҲֻԼ
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ЩһɵۣǰŮŶ󣬾Ȼﵽ񾳽硣
Ǹ񹬵ǿҲɫѿĸܱЩ˸УŮ˲ﵽ񾳽磬ʵԶԼ֮ϡ
ֻˣǸͨûйرգӺųһȺŮӣɣǣЩɵۡ
޳Щˣϲֳһ˿ɫֱĳ˰˪Ѿˣرǰһ֮ͷһ̾鲻Խ˵̫ˣůͣ
뷢ĸпȴߵֹסˣ죬۾޳קקĴкӴþòû
޳һΣҲװΪʲôôԼ˵ǵ÷ʾ֮󣬲ɵÿЦԭΪ֮ǰսڻû
߿˵ˮ¹ˣ
޳Ļгһ˫Ե˵۾¶Ƶɫ˵֮ǰ˵Ҫ޳ɱ𣿡
Ϣͷų֮Щ˶ɫǳƣһǰ档
ܹʲô취أȲ˵ЩŮ˵ʵ㹻ǿˣԼֵĻҺЩ˴ذɡԼսҲʤ㡣
¶һ˿Σ˵أˮ¹Ҫˮ¹˵
˵仰ʱ򣬱ΪԼΪ˭˭֪Щˮ¹˶¶͵Цӣ޳Ҳһ
вİ룬Ѳˮ¹ˡ
һ˵Ҿˮ¹ʲôڿ˵ˡ
㣡ˮ¹Ц֪߳ʲôӣȻԳˮ¹ȫţϳһ˿Ц
ı飬ϵЦݽ̣ȻĿ˵ˮ¹ˣ
ߺ˵ɵ˰ɣǵСͬҲС
޳ΪЩŷҪһʱ䣬û뵽Լ뿪ʱ֮ڣȻЩ֮Ĺϵôã޳΢Ŀ࿴
ΪԾңһԴҲţȻܹµʱﵽ򾳽硣ҡҡͷа̾ѹֹǧټҲҪõأ
ĶˣΪʱ


2166 뿪
޳û뵽ôܹܹʱϵ޳Ѿϵǳˡ
񹬵˿Ҳ޿κΣִ򲻹˲䣬ѾΧĿռˣߵϢȥȫûа취񹬡
Ҳ˵ʱԼȫС
ˮ¹Ѿǿߣټϴڱ֮أ񹬶ˮ¹̺Ȳˣ뵽ˣϸֳһ˿Цݡ
ˮ¹˹ôΪʲô֪ͨһʧ
Էɫ˵ͷ˵ǰιҲ˵ˮ¹֮ϵҺúά֣񹬲ͱˣǲƽġ
˼Ѿˣ̨Ѿ˲˳ƶµĻֻòù˼񹬵ӡ
һˣϴЦݣڱ˿Цδ̫ڿɬ˵޳Ȼˮ¹ԨԴˮ¹ķϣ͵һᣬ»СС»ްɣ
ô˵֮ߵļɫʱرѿ߶ԣ޳ûиʲôӰ죬ֻǷһǧ˶ѣɶϼҺμҿǺ޳֮ƺޣôܹô򵥵Ľ޳Ź
Ҳڵʵ㲻ϷŹҲû취
ҿ޳һۣг˲ʣôҲûа취ǰ֮ǰֻͬɰڵԾŮ񣬲ǿҪõԽǿ
ȥ֮˵һ˵ٽŲԽԽǧҪ׼
Ǵ١
޳а̾ĿҲãǧҲãȫһսģѲѵǿ
΢ɫȻΪҲ֪飬޳а̾ʱĻԼһҪһٵʲô
񹬵׼뿪ŽΧĿռͷſȻ޳Ϊ˵ղһУ֪
ϡμͶϼǺˣ
޳⽫Ҹʣ£ȻߵҵǰЦݵĶ˵ιӣڣ
ϳֵЦݣ˵ˣЩҲоҲǷᡣ
޳ȥæ˵޳ǿֱӻصĿ磬Ǹʲôȥ
һһ֮ǰҪһк
ˣ
ɻ󣬲Ҳ޳뿪ˣϾֻҪԼû˸Ҷ޳֡
֮޳ڶϼĿУԺ֮еĶĺκ꣬رǶǾı飬ʱ޳еһۡ
ģ
ʦ
޳дϲϵЦȴΪµʧ̧ͷſУ˵Ҹɱ𣿡
֪Լ˵޳һܹü
ǣҺ㸸׵ȷʶҽı²ҪڱǰϰҪ۸ĻҲǧҪųԼĸס
޳˵仰󣬱뿪ˣ֪ĺͶϼҵΣΣգһģ
޳صԭĵطŮڵˣһӣ˽Щ˺ǵʵϵ
޳Ѿˣ˵޳Ѿˣǻ뿪ɣ񹬱ԡ
޳ߣ˵Ѿ֪ҵ𣿡
Ȼ֪Ȼ֮ǰÿ춼䣬ǵ临֮еֶˡ
޳˵ͷ
ֱӻˮ¹
޳ҡͷ˵Ȼؾǣָ֮ûкúõغ㸸˵˵ɡһҲ´˺Ա𵱳֧ҵĶ顣
죬мһ˵æӦõģȻ͸
һԴ׵ı飬¶¶һ˿Цݣ˵ɲǿϲŸģΪһʽףҪ飬ȻҲӦӦ
޳ó˵μôöֻѾǺܸˡ
óЩԾתֻصó֮˶ˡ
һЦ޳˵߿ߣ֪㽫ߵĻһ׷ֵġ
ϸָڿһһѷȺѷ֮Уٴγʱ򣬽ѾǾǵĻʹˡ
˭
ƹڴ£ͻȻеռ䱻˺ѿǿϢѷͷųɫ䣬Ϊ޳޼ʥ˴鷳޼ʥأ
ǵǳȥſһŮˣǰ޳֮ʱֻű˾ȣرֱʵֻʮ꣬ʵȴԶԶԼǿ󣬶һǿˡ
񾳽磬Ѿﵽ񾳽ˣ
ף
¶Цݣֱ֮ӳ˹Ȼʵǿˣɴʱ˿̣ԼŮûʲô仯
ϵЦݳ˺ܾãϸһǰǿߵŮ˵ҵĽ
֮תͷ޳˵޳ôôأ
޳ĽɵЦһ£ҿó˵£ĽѾɣڿԽ˰ɣ
޳Ļɫʱһ죬˵ԭף
ཱུģʱһЦ
Ц鿪Ц޳ȴǷǳ棬ֳһЩ˵£ЩԽĲȷȥЧΡ
Ȳˣǰ飬˫ֲĲ͵ؽ£Ȼ۾תԼҩԴȫΪڲϵȹ̣ҲԺܿٶ
ʶˮ޳е죬òû뵽ЧȻǿ
ñ˿ԼӣɸܵԼǿʵ̲סЦ˳
ʱ޺ϼҲеǿϵϢ֮ͬʱɫƺǲָ
ԼӵӣеһʹͬʱҲ˵ǷϴɣλǶ֮һģ֮ڣ˭ı⣬λ㴫˭
Χˣر˵Ǽס仰ԺǵĻǵҡ
޺ϼͬʱ˵ף˵ʲô
ӽڿУΪϳϣ޳˵޳ǷԸӴ׿ǧ飬Ŀ֮УԸĻλһݡ


2167 Σ
λһݣ
޳仰֮ɫ÷ǳѿȻʱѾ¶ĽԼˣǡ
ˣܴǧôãʼͨһԱҲɵֵطðΣա
ĿЩҲһɫѿĿĻλһУبδе飬Уֱӽ޼ʥأ
һǻô룬ƿĿ޳Ļʵˮ¹ĿΪ޼ʥصĴҲǲܣ޳ƷҲ˻У޳ҪĿĻЩûһġ
Ҳó޳Ȼ޳Ӧ޳ȴҡҡͷ˵ˡҲܴӦô˵ǧӦôĵط
üͷһ壬˵ô죬ʮԼѾ޼ңӵ˴ȨѵĺòŮˡ
üͷһ壬ż׹⣬ֵûΪõҪĶʼˡ
Щ֪ˣ޳Ҳֻһ˵飬κ˶Ĳ˵ˡ
㽫޼Һô죬ѵҪǧ𣿡
޳ü˵ֲǶôѵ飬ֻҪǶԴǧĳɼ硭
޳Լû˵ڣΪڳˣжҪ簲ֱ˵λ
ЩĬ֮УڴʱҶ͹Ÿʹ֮Уȥ֪ͨˣôڲһ֮޳ǰ޳˵޳²ˣ
ҶĻ˱ɫҶ漴͵ҲҪģĿ飬ǹ޳顣
޳һԼѾ޼ʥػˣ߻һǿߵʵʲô
Ҷ䲢ûж˵ǸϽ˵һ䰲ο˵Ļ֮󣬱ӲקĴ޳뿪
ȻҲ޳ߡ
Щ޼ңʱվ޼ҴõļˣһߴӰ޳е죬ӰǱˣܴ
ܴź뿪޳һֱڻһοܴûüãһ㱻˸ɱһ޳һŹᡣ
Ҷ䵣޳æ޳֮ȴֳһ˿Цݣ˵֪ˣʧʱ޳˵
ҶͷʵҲ˿ϾɲԸ⿴һǿԼǰһ˶Ͼ޼һҶҺˮ¹Ĺϵɾʹˡ
ҶŵӣɵþüֺЦ˵ʲô鷳һȫġ
ܴѾˣָϳһââһҡܴҲʱܴܺصƣ˲ͻָͻδܹһ㣡
ܴ˵ӽĸµʱ֮У޳˵˯жȹĺȴҪž޴ʹֻ࣬һСŮһȴһ֮⻼ϣڱ˵֮ˣΪ˵Ŀܡ
Ȼܴһ˵޳ϵϢǳ£Ϣֻ飬жܴͺӣǽߣܵô˺
ܴҲ֪޳Щʲôû˺ڣ˵صǺСԼԸǲûȥǿ󣬶ҷκ˶벻ġ
ܴվ޳˵̲ݻҲ֪С㻹ʣüֵ㲻С飬ǰһ档
޳üͷ˵Ļε̾Ϣһ˵һ˿ҲòȥĿȽˣһᾡġ
ҡͷ˵ҺһȥҵʵôǿһԽȳġ
޳ѾյˣԼһȥôܣһ뿪񹬾ԲŹռĿʱʱԼ˷ǵû֮أ·ûˡ
޳Ц˵Ҫ˵ЩԵĻˣӦ֪ԼʲôݣʲôΣ˵ʵɲȺᰡĿ֧֮£ںͲûʲô𣬿һ뿪Ŀֻ̱û
ȻϼҲ֪һ㣬޳˵ʱɵ죬˵ǺãȻҪ뿪ĻһҪעԼİȫиʧһᵴƽ硣
ͯȤûһΪڿЦΪͷϢѾرɫЩûΪƽ񣬲֪ʱʲôһգΪĩҪأ
޳ЦЦͷе;תֻصó˵Ҵʱٻصˮ¹ᵢٵʱ䣬˪ѵͽˣɵҩҲ£ҩЧ
ҩЧôܣǽ˹ȥ֪Լ޳˵ȥһᰲĵ뿪
Ȼȥ粻ɣԼӦ޳İĿ罻Լˡ
޳ӣдżֲᣬĶͷһڣС˵һ
˵ͷѾתͷҶ䣬ҶԼһ޼ҵ飬ɵҶ͹վһʱɫʱø⾫ʣȻŶˣ˵𣿡
ҶٺһЦ˵ʲôʱ㿪ʼԼ۾ˣ
޳һ˵һҪӵĸɰ֣˭Ҳ
ʱĹߺ֮ɫĻҸ
Ⲣ޳еΪȵĵطһ֮ͻȻٴαŸס޳ɻĿŹŸСèվһȻ֪ŸҶһ飬ȴû뵽ϾȻôɺϵ顣
Ÿ裬СèǸòҲ
޳˫˫ϲĶˣɵŭһޣҰǵֵܣ˵ã˫˫˺ӣҹ⣡
ҶЦ˵⻹򵥣
ҶûĻɫʱ͸ߵò֪ô˵ˣ۾Ҷ˵㡭
˿ӣɵһЦܹˮ¹ЦˣֻǼ˰ɣ
޳ȴûзҶĻǺٺ˵ɣһģԷֱ׷
޳κ鶼ԸЧʣһˣȲ׷ϵˡ
һЦ֮޳Ҳ̫ʱ䣬ϾǱܿѣЦҲЦ
˿޳ɫˣ֪޳Ҫ뿪һᡣ


2168 
ȻҪӸɵĻһҪںӳǰλǾˡ
Сè˵
޳Сèĵɫ˵ô˸Уֲû뿪һβƽ
һβվ
Ҷ˵Ƕ㣬ҪǱߺúõء
޳תͷűҶ͹Ÿչϱչ˲޼ҵϣȻҪڱͷϡ
֪ʲô飬ҲĸæŶӣ޳˵ʵϡ
Ҳˣ
ǣֻǡ
޼ҾͽˣûʲôǵģȻҪĻˣԸҶ˵һ޼ҵǵչ㡣
һĿε˵ʲôваֻ˵Ҷ۶ѡ
ڱ˿ûа飬һ˵ˡ
Ϳˡ
ô㣬㻹ʲô
Ľ޼ҵĴȨܼС
޼ʵһֵɽֲ˵֮ĹϵǺĿĹϵͺǢϾ޳Ǵǧˡ
ο޳뿪֮ǰȥһ޼ʥǣͷԼһ֮Ҫ޼ʥ޼ùֻԼ
ε̾Ҳ˭
ȻǰٰƴǣЧ˿ҶرһЩϸ֦ĩڵС飬ĸڴ飬Ҷ䵱ʦ
ҪʵĿ֮У˾ƹ֮⣬ڹŸΪǿйŸμ˭ַ
֮ܶ޼ָ֮£˳ĳɳ
ͬʱ޼ʥ֮С
ڰٻԱߵɽ֮УѪȻѾɲŨѪ֮ԭѪزϵ͹𣬱һʯ̨ҺǸѪ˶ͻȻҺѪͬʱ۾໥֮ŶԷȻѪ˲ûʲôɫѪɫͫȴҸеԡ
ҸӼᶨѪ˲ȫƣҲǽϻѪӵߣϾЩ˳˽֮⣬ĶѾˣţڱѪ˵һˣһˡ
֮Ҫս֮еκ˲ɫʲô鶼ңɾ鲻ԣ֪ս֮жôпᣬȻ֮սֻһе߶пΪڻҡ
һܹսлѾңһξԲˣ
Բţ֪սǶôֲĵطɲȥȥؾͻصĵط
΢΢üг˵ףΪܹ𣿡
κܲɵ΢΢ϢΪʱҲһңˣͬʶ
Ѿȫƿˣʱ޳ǰʹóֵҲ£Ļ˭ҵĶ֣
κܶʵѾ˽ˣͬҲףԼǰʹóǸԼôǿ󣬶ҪԼڵʵҪ뿪ûܹˡ
ȻѾΪʵκֺαؼǿ˵һҪȫμҵδֻܽУҪǳʲô顭
ﻹû˵꣬Ѿˡ
̾˿̾ͬʱϴ֣߳˵ֲǲ˽ңҪ飬˭ܹסͬ鲻һǴѪ֮ҲҵһѪܹܵõҵ޾ǱĳɾͲһͱ޳ֻҪʱͿռѣپ޼ʥػĿ֮ˡ
κ̾˿ҶѾ뿪ˣ˵Щʲôôڶʱ֮ڣǿ߲ᶯ֣˻Ϣ֮Уʲôʱսûܹõ׼
뿪ͬʱռλ֮Ļһڶ֮µĺ¶ЦݣɳƵ˵֡һӣ˼
޳ܴɵУڿнܴĴͼ飬˲ʧ֮С
ˮ¹ЩҲصˮ¹֮УǶѾ֪˪޳֮ˣ֪Ĳȫ棬Ҳ֪޳Ͱ˪Ĺϵ

Ȼǹˮ¹֮Уû֮λġ
֮УԴӺһֱţһҲû뿪ڰ˪ĸ飬ֱ˶еʺĽͬʱҲף˪һֱĸ׿ҲһֱѰ˪Ů
ڽԼһ˦ǰ޴ıǽƿˣ˵һΪ޳أ
ǰѩѩԴ֪˪֮Уҹǰ棬ϣܹһ۰˪
޳Ļκ˿˪ʱӡ
һˣȻŴ򿪣˰ѩ֮⣬һ顣
ʦأ
ѩܿȥΧһƬͺͺǽΪŴԼͰ˪أ
˵ٵȵȣһЩûеأ
һᣬ˱ˡ
ǽˣ
ЩŮЦݣг˷ɫϾ֮ǰ˵˪ѹĻ֮ǰһгͷһʹԸĻҲˮ¹ĸЩϢ϶˷ɫ
ֻ֪ܹ˪ѹʵҲʧʱ򻹵ôͷ
޳ʱͬε޳ûбԴ֮ΪĻʱ³ӱң˪ܹص̶ֳֻҪʱ䣬޳ֱӶ˱Դϣûˡ
ˣϱЦݵģɴʱϵЦݽʧǴһ˿ɱ
ǿŭ˵޳أ
֪Ϊʲôżɻ˵ôˣѾǴˣ޳Ǳ߻Щ飬ԡ
޳æ飬˪׵Ժ󲻹ܲˣӦ֪˪Ϊ˶ôȴϻ˪һ棡ǿˣˣ
Щȫ֪ʲô飬Ψһ֪ǣԼδ˵ڲ˵ˣۿˡ
һȵʦ˵𣿡
֪޳ʲôôҲ֪Ե޹ģҪĲ޳Ƚ˪Ȼ
Ҳ֪ԼЩأǰ֮֮У벻޳Ȼ˪֪˪Ϊʲôۣ
ϵϢɢϷı齥ʧһڿл£͵еľǰ˪
˪
ʦ
Щ˿˪֮г˷ɫȻǿ˪ӣϵıʱ̣漴¶ŵӡ
ôܣ


2169 ټ
硣
޳֮ǰû˵ڣ˼壬֮Ӧȫޣɵ֮ŷԼشޣֺܴһ޲ͬǲ̵ֵļһһʱΣ޵Ǻѵġ
˽֮Ϊ飬Ҳ֮Ϊ硣
ķΧĿļٱǿ߸ʤ񾳽ǿҲкܶ࣬һеĿռ䣬ʹǧĿʵֽ滹кֻܶ࣬˲֪ѡ
˵ʲô
Ǳ˼ĻŮ˼Ĵ֮һͳ䣬Ĵ嶼ڿ֮λ綼ڿӺڵĵλ֪Ӧúͽ飬ֻúһĸ׶ѣû뵽оͷô顣
޳ܹóܴ֮еΣⲢܹԭܴһܴ˵ôֻԺ˵ڵ֮Ҫƽ£𣿡
˳˲䣬̱㳯žȥĿһЩ޳ܹܵڿǿǿսϢɵа񾳽ǿߵսѵͲܵ
֮󣬾޳ǰǰ޴ĳУ޳ǾȣвȾǴˣ۳ǽǷݣһִֿصĸо˾ȵǣﲢûҲǾھ֮սҲܵơ
ܴ޳ֱӷ˽ȥֱ˼ȥ˼ܺñϣΪڷӵǰһ޴ı̣ȵ֮£ȫûаڻӣ޳ڱ֮Ӵıϵɵ΢΢࣬ôǿߣɵܵѾˣڱ˼УӦһǿߡ
ܴ޳ڼſͣ£վſڵ˵ǺСѣԺǼסɳ
ſڵ໥һۣ·ҪܴĻһССϸܴϵϢ˲ɢ˵ôҵĻҲˣ
֪
Щ˸ܴܵϵɱæͷϴܴ󲻽ϵɱͷųֻһֽ
޳а̾ԼеĻҪأ޳˵νϾ˴Ű˪뿪ȥĿ磬˭ܹԼ
ûнԼϢͷųܴƺı˻ΪԼĵ
ܴ޳һԺǰ棬ǰҧԼϵƸƽҪܴܶ࣬ɺأܴ޳ˣг˾ϲ
ܴźӵģʱɫ˵ô£
ҪɱС㣬һ۷ǿʮ۷壬ҽֵȴ
Цһ޳˵ЦˣҲôǱӭ㡣
ܴͺȻЩˣǶԼֵܣȴ˴޳гŭ𣬾ѹƵϢҲҪ
ַܴ޳ļϣ˵Ҫ̫࣬ǵְڣС棬ȥɣ
޳ͷ·ܴѾ˵ˣܴҲû뵽Լʵﵽ˾磬Ҫ޳ڵĺ߱ڸĳ޳ںߣΪһɱĴڡ
Ѿĸû޳Ҳǹһһأһ죬˳ԣҲһֱԼ֧Լ뿪Ļ֪Ҫԡ
ǰ棬һ£洫һͷҸ߸ϵ˭
ң޳
޳ϸֳһ˿ЦݣײȻǾȻǽ·˺ѵԽ޳Խøˣ˵Ǻ֮ǰһûжôĸı䡣
֨һķŴ򿪣ǰվŵˣû޳ڣһѽ޳סͷ޳ػ֮С
Ϳ޿ͬûпޣһȭͷ޳˵߰ĺ֪˵˵ʱǶô𣿡
޳Լµʱ򣬺û뿪Ŀ硣
޳ɻĿźʵȻܴ֪ѾˣΪʲôҪȥĿң
ɫһ죬һ˵ôȻһЩ֡ҹԶҲ²ôģһֱӸɣ
һֽó滭һŷӡӡ֮ǰ޳ϢķӡƣȴŲͬ
Ϊŷӡ
ΪĸԸճһӡֻ֮ҪĻֻҪʹһŷģͿ֮ĶԻˡ
˵Ļ޳ҲڹأСĿ޳һۣ˵֪ҴˣҲûʲôĿôңԶľ룬ҲֻǸӦϢѣҲҰٷ֮ȷȷš
޳Ц˵ҵȻţһúúõأ鵹ǲҪΪʲôǰ˵һ
һ޳ûпЦǳ˵仰úһʱҲ֪λش
֧֧ӣεҡͷ̾˵ϣԺҪˣ𣿲ܷʲô鶼Ҫңһվߵġ
һ˼ǿôʱ䣬ϻָ֮ǰɫ˵֮ʵ̴ﵽ۷ľ磬ҺͰ˪࣬񾳽粢ԶﾭҲһ޳˼αһһɡ
Ȼ˼䲢ûãĲʵѾôǿ޳ҪΪʲôˡ
ˣҵ˵ˣʼǱߵ˵ɣ˵޼ʥصСѾͷˣסҵķ𣿡
޳¶ɫ˵Һ֮䲢ûʲôģҵ޼ʥص˸ϵ֮뿪ˡ
ˣһǱҪ˵ģҶСᣬŸСèкˡ
һ£Ϣĳ̫һʱ䷴Ӧһ㡣ؿڣ˵ɣ
͵һץס޳ļػζ˵òƭҵİɣкˣ
޳¶һ˿Цݣ֪ôһӦٺһЦɫеĶԺ˵˵ˣҪץʱ䣬ֱ׷أ
Ȼֵģһ޳ô˵ɫʱͨ죬޳˵㡭˵ʲôأȥɣҿɲҪ鶼Ҫ
Ȼ˵ŲҪǶܻӭ޳һЦ뻳С


2170 
޳Լ˵ΪǰŮǺûκ˪飬Ҳһ˵˳
ȫˣһӴ޳޳һëź˵ң
ǲǹͱģ֤ףΪأ
޳һźһĵ˵Ȼһ㣬Ҵӡ
лл
ɫһ졣
޳һԼûҪ佱ģʱ䲻ȷ֮ǰͻ˺ܶ࣬ԼԽԽˡ
Ц֮ͻȻ뵽һ飬޳˵ô˵ϵĵϣͰ˪ʱŸСèҶСҲ飬˺ͬһûж
뵽һӿµ飬޳۾ż־ϲ˵㲻עֵܣµĺҲͬһ컳еġ
˵⣬Լе˼ͬʱ޳ҲһһЦ˵ôôɺϵ飬ҪҲҵŮˣ˭ҪӶһ
޳ӣ鲢ģȴһգ͵һϣ˵ӱÿˣһὫ㱩һٵġ
޳һ˻ûмأھͿʼԽˣҪǼ֮վʳ׶˵һԼˡ
˵ԼĲ²⣬һˮ¹˪ǲ԰׵ɫڽָ۾΢Сĺ޳
Χһ֮ǰǻΪʲôڵҲһ޳飬ҲӦȻˮ¹һ뿪ġ
˵ĵһ仰޳޳ûߡ
һץס˪֣˵ʦ
˪ʶѣ۾ĵһ˲޳ɵЩʧɳʵ˵޳ôˣʵûлظܲ
ۿ΢죬˵İɣһжá
˪˿Χˣɻ˵Ϊʲôôң
ԼЩԣЩĿע֮£ͷ£΢΢¡Сһ˿ϲϲ֮ΧˣɫʱѿرԼߣѾΥˮ¹Ĺ棬չֻ·һ
ʦ
˪Լˮ¹ˣæĿˮŶ顭
û¶һ˿Цݣ԰˪˵һ£㲻Ҫ˵Щʲô
˪Ҳûʲô˼˪Ѿˮ¹ܴĹأȴһȫӡ
ȻҲϣð˪ǿ飬һȴеɻ
ɻӣæ˵ʵ沢ˮ¹һֱĹأҵǸʱͻȻȥġ
ˮ¹ǰιˮ¹ĵ˵ȤʵΪʲôΪˮ¹Ϊһ涨
ںܾ֮ǰˮ¹Ĺôǿ󣬶ǺμҵĹһģһҵһʦμ֮Уҽˮ¹μҵˣѾˮ¹ĴɣκҲûйļأιˮ¹μһǱ취ˮ¹һ㣬ΪʮĴڣĸĽ֮£ǳĹȻǿȴŷǳصڸԶ޷ﵽ񾳽磡
仰˵֮˶ɫǶߣ֮·̽Ӧֹȴ˵ֻһ磬ȻǷǳصĴֱһ˳ĬҲ֪˵Щʲôˮ¹ĹȻȴҲǵķչ׸ξ⡣
һк⣬⺮ķȻѹƣŮʱ򣬺ͻͷųˮ¹ߵȻû⣬һ˵մȾϣͻǣҲΪʲôԶ˵ԭ򡣡
̾˿˵Ѿ̫ˮ¹ܵŮ֮ʹʹ粻ʹˮ¹ӶϾŮ֮顣
޳֮Իû飬ΪڵĻԭһֱҪҳⷢҾİ취޳ܾǽõİ취
˪˵ʦһΥˮ¹Ĺ棬ҸԸܷ
ü˵ѾҴˮ¹ˣļңȴˮ¹ӡԺǼҪ֮Ϊ˪ʦ򸱹𣿡
Щ˷׷׵ͷʾԼѾˡ
ǲ˵Ժˮ¹Ϳеˣ
һῴϵˣϲľһ㡣ЦЦ˵ⲻ׼ȻǺȥˮ¹ֻŮȴںܾԶ֮ǰģСҪ˿ԣȴ˼ˮ¹
һ˵޳Ϳԣӣӡ
Ҫˣ˪źأʮһˮ¹һҿҪúöԴ
˵仰֮󣬱뿪Ц֮»صǣںƽ֮ǰԼӦӦôѾ޷ˮ¹պķչΪӳֵ˲䣬֮ǰˮ¹ԤȫģһƬ֪ˮ¹Ѿ׺޳һˣ޳ˮ¹һ٣޳˥ܣˮ¹Ȼ
뿪֮󣬰˪ͳЩ˵ıеѾˣȴûгζ˵ǲĽһǼٻ
ڰ˪Ķǰ棬һ£˵СһһŮӣȻ󳤵˪ôƯʵСһǿȻʦ
˵СʱͰ˪ͬʱֳεɫϾǰһ˻ʦͽϵȴ˽ã˸еꡣ
˪ɻʵ޳ôûǲǷʲôˣ
˪ʱѾָ֮ǰ飬˴ż簮ͬʱ࣬лżŭ
ֽŮˣ෴ǳҪǿ޳ҲͰˣóһõɡ
޳鶼˵˳а޳Ŀ磬ǰ޼ʥأٽʹ˵
˪֮ǰ֪Ĵڣ޳ͣǰȥȺûиеʲôȣ΢΢˵ѡ񲢲Ͼ֪һе飬ܹ֮ڻҺͺӴӴԺûаϵߣˡ


2171 ĻԼ
ôоڱ˵ң
޳ɿһ壬һĸож
Ц˵һĻ̫ܶ˶ڱأ
޳һЦԺ˵ǿ콫ߵ鴦꣬Ȼһشǧ磬㲻ǧˡ
ȻǣڻĿȻУұҪеҵΣǱ˼ˣҵõ֤
¶һݵģ޳˵һ֧ҵģ԰ɣ
޳ͷ˵ȻһȫЭ㣬ҵҪ˭ҶҵŮˡ
޳ĻҸ֮ɫ֮󣬹ĵһ졣
е˵һ飬Ϊ˼岢ûмԳ˺ųߵĵλ֮⣬һˣǱ˼ĳϡŰ
ں֮ǰһֱڵ飬񺣿ĸѾûţҲ֪ǱѾˣе鶼˵㡣
һ£Уһֱĸϵᣬ˼峤ǺĸףպҲҪ̳б˼ġ
ҲǾԵģڴȨȫ볤֮УҪϼ֮λֻҪһ⣬úȥˡ
޳һ˿Ϊѵɫúﵱ峤ĿˣĿ绹кܶڵôܹﳤڴȥ
Ҳ޳ӣæЦЦ˵ǲһֱģ֮ûпĸһ棬ŰѾ峤֮λܳʱˣһЩ˸ңпĸ׵ʧپǺŰйء
ⱱŰʲô̶ȵΪ
벽񣡡
޳ɵõһⱱŰʵ󣬰벽ľĿĻѾԶˣĿȴҪ֮λѡ
˵ĸ׵ʵôǿܵѹűŰҳ֣һŷǳǿʵɣ
ϳһ˿ɫ˵Ȼĸ׿ǿߣ
޳ѾͲµˣЦһ˵֮ǰΪڵʵѾǳǿˣȴû뵽ԶԶĿǿĶࡣ
޳ͺ˵ʱ򣬺ӺܴҲˡ
ӿ޳˵û뵽ܵصƻܻˮ¹ֻش
Ŀ֮ǰ޳ܴ˲ϺǵҩȻΪϡȱһЩҩ棬ûĿḻ
ûҲԭ򣬿е̫٣޷֧󷨵ʹá
Щҩӷ£ϵѸٵĻָʱ˿Ѿˡ
ָĺӵһ±Ѱ޳޳˵޳ô࣬ҲӦ֪һЩ顣ҵҲһɣ
ӿ˺һۣа̫޳ı顣˵Һһ¶峤Ҳ˵ĸΪӣҵıرˣܹҵĻǾȢΪޡ
ȻҺ͵뺣ʶżȻǲʶ֮Ҳġ
ʲô
޳ĿźӣȽѵԴ˲䱻ϢŪˣҲ˵Ӻͺ֮ŻԼ
޳ЦһԼԴ˵ôˣôᶼϺͱ˻ԼŮˡ
֪仰˵ֻԼ֪ѣȢΪ޵ģԸ⣬ҲͬⰡ
˵޳Ժ˽ˣ򻨴ܹĵ»ˣһһǳ⣬Ҹ˰ֱҪɱҪֲ
޳ɫԼ뷨Ϊ޳ܳԾȴû뵽޳ɫƽ϶ʱֳʧ֮ɫ
ҲҪֳΣаϾô˧ôɫȣҼֱˡ

ôʱ˵ĽӴܴͺӵԸѾǳ˽⣬Ժĺ˵˵ֻһǱӡ
ܴһ޳ĺ󱳣޳˵Ϊʲôǵ֪Сݣе˾ȵԭǷ˵ĻС㿴ϵ˲㣬ҾǰСҲһҪͺ飬ȻСҺҪǿ򱶵޳Ȼѡվ޳Ǳһߡ
˵˻ŵĻһ뷨
Ӱܴһۣ˵˵ôȻʲô׼˵ġ
޳ܹܵóǺӻܴ˶Ժĸ׸⾴أпʼЩڴŮ˾һôˡ
˵ܴǲʲôҪ˵
ܴмĿ˺һۣ˵С˽ǣǵȷҪ˵ѾʧٺܳʱˣڱŰǸĴ£˶Է˵̸ܶȫȨŰ
޳һⲻñŰԵ
Ȼʵˣܴߺ˵ⱱŰȫǱӶѣû׷ȥ
Ҫȥĸףĸִ֣
˵
ܴ˵ͷӦĲˡܴôȫڸߺʤڵλã޷ʤΡ
޳鲢ûʲôϾܹҵĸףһж򵥶ˣõ˼壬˻ᷴԵġ
һôȨΪԼĲܴҪ飬Щġ
޳վ˵ӦǶ뿪Ͼһܹҵ峤е鶼ӭж⣬Ҳһǿ
죬˵ҵȻ֪Ҫ֪ĸ׵䲻ֻҪŰܲˣ
Űһ벽ǿܹǿ𣿡޳ʵȻΪŰӦֻǴƲѣĿǰ˼⻼Ҳ֪Ӧüʧȥһǿߡ
ʵô
˵Ϊֹڷ˵Ҳû֪Ա˼ʲôӰ졣
ҪȥĴǾȥɣұֻҪŰԳ֣ûܹκεҡ
޳ţʵӺܴѾ˵ˣĿǰѾﵽ۷壬Щ˵޳ﵽ۷Ҳ˵۷֮ûе֣˼Ҳ֪ܴܲ޳
ܴͷ˵Ϊ޳İǲŸʱ뿪
Ŀ޳һۣ޳ھ̿ʼö⣬ֱֱֵ̫ˣԼе鶼޳Լûˡ
ܴͺ뿪תͷ޳˵޳㸺֪ʶҵİΣ𣿡


2172 
޳Щӣ֪ѾЩɳˣܶ鲻ҪԼ뿪ָֻš
ûκεĲϴһ˿Ц⣬˵ˣŪ֮ǰһһֱߣһʹߡ
޳˵ʹĸֵʱֳ̱һı飬ͺһʿһ㡣
У֪컬ࡣ
һۣ漴໥ţһ䣬һ䣬֪ˡ
ܴͺȻҪ뿪ȴĵ뿪ͻϴܴȥĿ޳һְء
ĿЩǣϰĿ޳ЩӦԱһֵı飬ɵѯʵ㵱ϰҲǻ˲ʱɣ
Լܵʹ࣬һ飬⸱ģǴԸٻһ㡣
һǰһǣ֣ȥ
С㣡
ĵûȵʱԱͻȻһ޳תͷһһʮߣѾﵽ򾳽磬츳Ӧǲˡ
Ⲣ޳еԾĹؼˣһ¾װں滹Źӵľ޽ۿȥܹܵĵȼ֮ߡ
˻۷ߣĿ۷߶ųߵĵλڣȴֻ˱ڡ
޳ͷͺ˵ôǿһӸ綼۷ǿڣҲͰˣôҲ
СΪֻкһ˲ܹȴû뵽ǸӸ۾⣬޳صȻܹΪһװʮĵطɣ
Ϊ޳赲ûп޳ͺǣһһ˵Ȼ˶ִ֪˭𣿡
֪
޳ЦݺͣĿ֮йӸ翴ԼͷѾþû˸Լˡ
޳ش֪֣ɫ΢΢һ䣬üͷʵ˵˭
Сıڡ޳
Ǳ˼ıŰϵĶӡ䣬Ҫסˡ
ߵǰһֻ͹һ㣬˵С㣬пѾóʱûгȥˣҸ˵ֹͷ֮£ûֻ˼룬Ҷȥɢɢģͽǡ
ⲻúϵȨ
һ˵ллϵĺˣˡ޳ߡ
˵֮Ҫ޳뿪Ҳñ佫ǣֵһĻʱסˣ֮еһ뷨ǲţͬŮһĺᱻһմȾôһ̣ǸҲӦԼǰ֪ɶСӡ
Ҫ֣ȴͻȻ޳ԳƺıڣҪԼδ⽵Լݣںǰ˵С㣬ҲûмӦòǼ˰ɣ˵ܴأ
ͺѾˣ㲻ܵϵѵ⣬ͲҪҵǰ
ɫһ䣬ƽԼȻֳôˣ뻹䣬ôһ֣̱˼ᶨ
ѵˣ
а룬Ҳûпܣһκ˶־룬Ҳһȴ֣
һ۷ǿߣ˶ʱᣬǰһס޳ļ޳תȴû뵽ԼѾʹóôǿ޳ȴ˿δһΣдн
Ȼ޳ͷתȥ
δս޳ȻԼϲֳһ˿˷ɫ
俴޳ǵûа㺦µ˼ϳЦݣʱһŭ˵С㣬Ǽ֮˶ǿߣαҪȥһˣΪСİΣһǰСһ˵ʵɣ
˵֮Ǹס޳˲֣һǿɢƽֱһͬɰĻӰֺʧ
飡
Ȼƽ״̬󣬿ɵϵֵʱ޳ʱܵż޳˵̫С
ץס޳ļ򣬲漴ɫȴű仯ΪԼһжǰ˵ĲֵһᣬĹͷϵȵı죬ҪȱҪӲ
ȻҲûʹóȴͷųˣʵѾô࣬ȴ޷κεǰһˣ˵ʵ׶ôǿ
ʱ޳תԼһţĽֻԱ˵ҶҵʵŵģҾ㸶ҲҪʵǿ󣬿ϣǾԲҡ
޳仰˵þǸһڴδ׹ĺ˵ȴãɫһ죬һ޳֣Ա˵ʵΣҶԸҡ
һһʵñץ뿪ıӰתͷԼߵıڣ˵ղڸʲôҲ˵úðʰһ𣿡
үûж֣˵ʵ̫ǿҸǶְ
ôܣŶôᣬʵǿҲ۷塭
û˵꣬ͱڴˣԼ־ſſĹؽϣϳ˼ɵ˵ԲֹˣӦôﵽ۷壬һһ۷壬ҪôרͷҪôʵǻҪǿĶࡣ
üͷһ壬˵ҪȺҪСȴҲﵽ˺Ϊ
ͺүȣ˿ܸʤһܴࡣ
Ϣ֮󣬲ɵõһͷߣͷˮвףүҪʲô
ֱŰסȻ竣ȴҲ֪ʲôҪӦ棬ʲô鲻Ҫ
ŰûнԼļƻ߱䣬ҲóԼĸںͺ񺣿ǱֶһǿߣһҪñŰ߾衣
Űĸߴ󣬿һһԱ壬Ұ֮ˣ֪֪治֪ģЩ˳෴ŰˣһʵݣҲ׵Ļ쵽λὫ峤ƭǸط
˽һ˿ŭɫ˵ôģǷκ鶼ҪżôǲǽҵĻԷأ
俴еӣæ˵ףҸոյ֪ںͻȻһ޳ˣԳǺıڣǺͺ֮ĹϵȴܣʵǳǿѾﵽֵܴزҵĺôġ


2173 ˼
Űһ˵Ϊһ۷ܹô𣿡
ͿǶʮ꣡
ʲô
Ű޳ںɵ޳֮ʱɫȴ̱ýһʮﵽ۷ˣ츳һɳվںǱߵĻԼɼвԼһۣ˵㴦Ĳʮʹﵽ˳̶ȵһûмأǺʵҲѾһٶˡ
֪ԼĸѾɱģϳһ˿ЦݣǸ֮ĿС
ں˼˶֪Ƚ׵ݳȥ˵ʵһ֮ڵڶλһλǺӡ
ȫʸȥ׷󺣿˭֪ںĵȻ飬Űͺ֮Ĺϵ񻯣ֻý뷨أȻݼܲصһ㶼ףһ۾ܹó
ŰҲγ֪ҪԼĶºˣͶԺɱˣαصȵܴͺ˷Ӧ֮ɱ֡
ǼȻ粢һ壬Ҳֻڱ˼һЩλ֮ǰȫĬĬţȻܹ峤Ʒȥ˵һֶΡԲһĽɫ
޳һۿŰʱΪԼϴˣһļһôǱﰵ˵Сˡ
ʵȴˡ
ߵϯλ֮ϣŰȴģҲΪϵƳ٣ͺڸЩ˵ҲϴҲĻʲô鶼ɡ
޳֮һǳԼһۣа̾Ȼˣһ˵ʼԼʵ棬ֻ޳ƻĵһѣȻӦľȴû˵Լһжȡ
˶Ѿˣǽܴͺӵ˵Щĸ溣˾ȻһҪ뿪һɫЩ˴ûվӵˣе鶼Ա˼Ϊأһ飬ͬΪϵıŰȴ˵ұŰȫ֧СģһҪѯС㣬úܴ뿪֮ǰβȽһߵǿأ
üͷһ壬Ŀǰñ֪Լ޳֮ĹϵֵԼĻش˺޳ĵ޳֣ܵ޳дŻ˵޳ҵڣʵôǿһʱܣֻ˵һ˱ܴͺ˵ʵ
Ȼ˵ʵɺϻ¶ΣҲûжٹأֱ˵ҳ޳ʵȷҲôֱ׵ԱȰɣ
ӵĻʱеһȣϾںʵЩ˶ȻСΪȴǿڱ˼֮е֡
ܴʵǿŵǰ壬ںʮҵȻﵽʵ
Ƕ޳ʵʾɣȻֹ˵ģֻܷκӺܴ뿪ܹҵ峤Ȼһ飡
ⳡ޳˵ϸ죬ԼЩһиӡͬʱҲ޳֪ⱱŰʵǶôĿ¡
ŰԼʵصĺܺãɵĿ⿴ԼʱСͷųһ˿Ϣǿ󣬵ھϾͶ޳ȵѹƣ޳ʹóԼȫҲֻܲϻ
޳ȴûие£Ƿǳ˷ܣ·ڸԼҵһһ㣬ǵңϧڵѾԼ޳˵Ѿûавˡ
֪һܷ˷ܵʱһЩ
޳ɢǿҵսϢɢģԲûأЩ˸ܵϢ֮һɫȻ֪޳ʵôǿֻ֪Լܵ޳Ϣ֮ʱ̲סһ
޳
εĿЦһ֮ǰ֪޳һսˣȴû뵽Ȼ֮¿Ʋסս⡣
һ޳Ȼ޳߬˵ڻڿ֮У㽫Ϣ
޳һŻعղ޳ɢϢҲʱʧ
˷׷˿ǿű˴˵֮жһݳԾ
λ޳ӵѵһţļҵˣܲպǱ˼壿
ֹܹݣֱ֮ӣŶʮﵽʵʮ֮ǰһܹﵽ񾳽硣ʮǿߣһЩӵѪļ崫ߣܹ֮еĻһü˳Ķɹѹء
ĵǲֻϧȴûѯ޳
ǸֻǺѶѣҲѾ壬ˡԴӦ
Щ˶ʱɫǿ޳˵Ѿ壬ĸ壿
ˮ¹
޳ҲûκεأΪ֪ˣĿȫĸܹȥĿҲȫһ⣬ܴͺӵȷǹǰĿġ
Ϊ˼˴ΣԺĸϣǶܹĿ˰æ֡
ǶֱȥҺΣҵ޳ϣͨ޳ʶ˺һ㲻ɵ˸еһЦ
޳˵ˮ¹ֵʱЩ˷׷ױɫǲû˵ţôҲеǶ˵Ե˵ˮ¹ʱ򣬲û̫ھȣֻЩź
Щ˲ںˮ¹ǱŰȴǳںѾεؼС
ȻҶͬˣҺһˣһҵ峤һЩͼıС޼ƿʩ
ܴ˵仰֮ĿűŰɱŰͲں·ҲǸطһ㡣
νԣԹ壬޳ΪһԹߣѾΧʽװףͬʱҲԺڵĴеǣ˵ʵһŰҪ⵹ʱضԶ峤֮λһȡ˵֧֣ȴٳûж֣·ʲô
һǺӺܴڼ֮Ȼ˵ȴڷô
ܹ˽ĿֻһǱǺĸ׻ţ֮ûж־ǵĺĸͻȻٴν峤֮λжһĻɾһ·ûˡ
ٳûжԺҲΪԭ򣬺֮һȺǿ֮ûյ˺ΪӺܴúãһʼ㲻ԺǶѾ뿪ʼԼһ鷳ġ
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2174 Ů
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޳е鷳ʲô˼Ϊ˵սȽ鷳ֻҪ뷨ϾҪսǱİȫ
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Ŀźû뵽Ȼôףû뵽ܶ鷢˸ı䣬ƫƫջ˵ı¿һ㶼ûмʱıǵ÷Ǌ
޳͵Цı飬æ˵ҿûʲôԲ飬Ȼҵȷջ˱䣬Ҳ˵һ仰ѡУ㲻Ҫ÷Ǌһ÷ǊĴңҪǲҪҵĻһͶ÷ǊĻģ
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ȷĿ粻ͬĳȻܴ󣬿ĵطֻ򣬶طֱۻ಻
ЩӸѰֲǰ³ֱ߽С֮УиָŮڵǡ
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ΧϢЩҪԼǿŮ˳ֵʱһŲͣ£ƺûгֵĴ㡣
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ʵˣʵѾﵽڣܹ͸ʵˣֻ۷ϵľſԡ
ĿߵǸˣ˵һ۷ǿߣô˵һ
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޳˾Ļ˵ɵɫһ䣬Ů˲ᣬĺʹǧĿӵûʲôͬ
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ҹǿ߻۷ǿߣȻǱС㣬³ֻһǱ
Щ˲佫ֳڵʵͨ۷߻׻ʤԵ޳
޳ǰһ˲䣬ʮг޳ǰЩ޳ģЩ˶޳Ĺ
ǶڷԪص⻹û޳ڵʱߣȻЩǣ޳Ҫƣֱ練ơ
Щ˿ԼĹȻ޳Ū֮䣬ʱɫرмǸŮˣóһȻ˲飬֮󣬴үүң

޳һԼûпʼأͿʼˡ
޳ܴԼĴʹõҲ࣬ž൱ڿռ䴫֮Ķ
޳ǰĿռʱ˺һӣһĿ׹˳޳ǰһ֣޳ʱܵΧķԪؿʼϴһ˿Цݣڳֺļһˡ
ͬʱԶ޳һǿߺܿ뿪ص˼壬ǱŰ
Ű˵Ļ㱨󣬶ʱɫϲ˵ȷ޳ͻͷˣ
ǧȷҿһĻ͸˹ʱӦûûпʼս
ȥӣǸ޳ļһﱻͷʱվҵ彫𣿡
˵˵ͷһһӳڼݶϣٶȺ޳ֱ֮
˳֮һ²ǶԸ޳תͷŮˣ˵ҵĹŮôˣ˭۸ˣ
һָ޳˵үүɱ
ΪգʵҲ۷ľ磬Ϊȴͽϲ࣬޳ƽľǿĶ֣ԼӦúܽţȴһ㶼ûУ˸Լвܴ
޳ε̾˿Żգ˵Ϊʵǧʧ


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2176 Īʤ
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ǻٶƣǰȴԼóĶԽˣгãŵҡͷ˵ôܣôأ
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޳Ѿƻ滮ĺܺãһ飬ЩȻ࣬Ǿ֮󣬶Ա̬޳ȴֻԴʱ˿̵Ļա
յȻһУ֮л졣һЩǿ󣬷׷УߵսҲǳһȣֱӷɵ֮ϡ
˭ܹձƵֵزѲĴ֮һҪԻ֣
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ҡҡͷ˵Ҳǵһ𳤴ںҲΪ֮Ĺϵûҳ߿£ڿӲˣŮ˶ѵ᲻֧ǣ
޳ͷ˵յȷһˣ˶Ů̫簮֮⣬û̫ȱ㣬ںĹϵùһЩҹǸӸмվߡ
ͷȻͬ飬ȴ֪ȥһ޳˵ͽˣҵҪܹһˣ
ǱҪң
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޳ҲȥˣȫǽѾͷһʹȶԴһ˸ʱ䣬ҲԼôСݡ
ӹ÷ǳ尾ںܺãǽһ޳֮޳ǰֳֻܱԼĪĵӡ
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ϵ·Ҳű仯Ӹտʼǿŵӣ𽥱ͨŮģ㲻޳ҲԶȥɨ֮飬Ҫ֮ǰ˵ɨˣ·ô֪
˵һŮ˵·żŮ˵ӣҵĵЧ
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2178 벶ȸں
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޳˵İɣµġ
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ﲻƵĿ磬ĿӴҺˮ¹ԼĺܣȴǣȻͷȴҲñӽѡ
ɵðο˵ҪⵣģûϢõϢ˵Ѱ峤;С
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Ǹ˿ڣȻǻҵǸͷΪ޳ûеԻҵ˳֡
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ȷᣬһᣬôһС˶ƽʱôᣬҪҸʰһˣھһᡣ
ڻһ£ɻһǵˣͷһŤһֻݺݵǹǳҪϣʱñһУָ˻һƣѾʧȥˣֻҪȥѵ·ʱһڹֱ㲻ԼƵĴӿ¡

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Ⲣ޳ʼնǺռصĵλ
俴Լжϵ֣гŵɫ޳˵㡭Ҷҳ֣Ҹ׿ǰ벽ǿߣ
ӦллҴᣬҲ㸸ʲôǿߣǵĿɲңǻң˵ҵ֮󣬿ɲ㸸ܹԸġ
޳뿪֮ǰԻ˵Ҫ뱨ʲôǾͽүү׼ؼһΡ
ᾭ飬ͺµҪ˳˺ӱǻˣ޳Ļϳ˷֮ɫҪؼңȴ֮ǰڱϺݺݵشϼȭ
ȥӦȥĵطҲҪȥ㸸ˡ


2179 ƻ֮
ʲô
ɫ̱÷ǳѿ鱱Ű֪飬Ű֪Ļǻмֻ͵أڡ
ɫȻһ־ԼĸһʲôˣԼ飬ԻԼ
ʵϣû޳ȥұŰŰѾ֪ˣϾô˼޳ҲһôûС
Ű֮ɫʱرѿЩŭȲ˵ģЩһ˱Ϊ˴飬Щȴûһ˽ָֹ䣬޳ˣ鱩¶ˣǲһԼ
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Űɫѿ֪Լ޳һ鴦ã˵ǵϱ˼峤ˣԼһ⡣
ոѵϣ˵˭ǱųôĻǲӰ
޳˽űŰĴ˲䱻俪޳ϵıһӣһһ㣬һˤڱŰǰ档
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Űεؿ޳һۣ޳ϵЦ⣬ʱһֱвԼͺˣαĽ߻ա
Ȼ֪޳ΪʲôҪôôΪ޳ǻ۶Ծ
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ղؿ޳żĹ޳Ȼû仯ôΪʱĻӦ޳أ
ٻһ£Լʱ򣬷ǹĽԼүүȻһСŮһԼ߿ȻϵȫûˣȴһҪ֮ǰҪǿĴ
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ŰȻ֪ʲô飬Ѿףն޳ǳкøżָм޳ҪŹԼĶӣҲǲܣ
޳Ҫлˡϵ˵û㣬ỹ֪ʲô顣
޳һЦ˵ⶼҵӦģһǳõĹ԰ɣŰ


2180 
԰ɣŰ
޳ɫĽ׸ŰŰҲһˣæ˵ǵȻʵЩŮҿ۵һǻᣬҶûȮһ𣬿飬׵ĸеΪ顣̸֮ϸʲôŭĻܳǣȮѾ޳ѵһ٣һָֻȥˣҲúõĽѵһ٣ϸŹһ
ⱱŰһ벽ǿߣڱǰԼڣһëͷСӵв֮£ȴԼ˾ء
ڵǸ֮ɵ÷һ̾Ϣ̾ϢᣬԿǣɫ÷ǳѿһʮꡣ
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֮УѾԱ֮ΪŮˣֻƽѣǰŮҪȻỹҪƯĸоֻб˼峤繫ϵĵһ޺ܹԵ֮󣬲Ծѿʣͼʲôϵ
޳һֱԺĸ׳ƺ˼峤ȴֽ֪ʲôڸոֵʱ򣬱һ£Ժеһ뷨ǣ⼧˭
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Ů˲֪ǴɵЭ飬Ͼھ֪ڼ飬ջȥ֮޳ЦݽʧĺҲģ
Ѿ鶼˵ˣʵڱ佫ߵʱѾ֪˶Բԣ
޳ЩѾ޳˵˻ԼѣȻҪûᣬһԼһʧûмʱĽȳô죡
ĿǰΪֹһ˳ȻҲ޳ǿ޳˵һǽŰϷŪˣΪƽϢ飬һǴӦ㲻ɣ
ȻҲûʲôֻһϢѣһĸ׵Ϣ


2181 ˼
ĸ׵Ϣһ£Ȼյ޳ǰг˽ŵɫʵǽôûĸ׵Ϣ
ȻϢһô𣿡
޳̾һԺ˵˵ģĸӦñ֮УﻹǱ˼Ĵ֮أȻûйȥźܴϣġ
֮ĸֵʱɫʱ仯޳˵޳㲻Ҫȥ֮أ˵ֱϵѪ֮⣬κ˽ж·һҲϣðôķա
Ȼٹڴ֮صĴţҲԣϾĿǰǱ˼ΨһˣҲΨһʸ봫֮صˣ󣬾˲ϵĸ˵ڴ֮صΣաЩ֮аܴͺӣ·⴫֮ؾĽ
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ջǴӦ޳ϾطǴӱŰ˵ģԼҵĸΨһ
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һȴƶĵطڶϳּεɫ޳˵Ĵ֮һǼǱ˼ģǼǻ˼壬岢ûʲôϵ˼˶رĸ߰Ǵ򽻵ĻҪСһЩ
޳óǺ£ֻǾúͻ˼򽻵ر鷳ѡ
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޳ɻʵŷ˭мǸŮ𣿡
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ϿЦһ漴Ŀ⿴Żգ˵ôھţܵط
պǺһЦ˿ߵ޳˵Ҵλѳһ£һΪ
˵仰ʱͻȻܵһϢԼϣնʱɫȻͬΪŷԼĸоһ벽ǿߣʵĿԺͰ벽ǿ
֮ŷҲ˵ͷ˵գֻγֻΪСӵΪɣû뵽ϼһﻹͻƵĿܣʵ˹Ŀ࿴
仰λ߶λ˵޳Ϊеû뵽Ȼô

ոæ˵ȻǵͬǾͲǵʱˣ޳ߡ
޳ͷͻջӰ뿪
ʵףԲһˣԸղٶԪصĿ֮Ѿ˻գʲôˣѲǻҵˣ
ŷд󣬵Ȼ˵仰ʱһ˸æ˵ôܳˣôܡ
ʵ˵仰ʱ򣬻ɵĲֻǻգǰŷȻŷϹϾǴĿǰɫͻŷﲢûжپ⣬Ǵżв
в໥ģŷһȻתͷΧˣ·𲻴κθ飬˵߰ɣǵĿġ
ŷǰ棬Щȴ۳һţ·ʲôŷɴ֮·һЦ·ڳЦЩ˲Щ˲û˵ʲô
ˣŷڻ˼ʲôݣ
޳ʵ·ŷݸеܺ棬֮ǰѾ˵ˣ˼ΪɣһܼңҲǻ˼ıҡһŷңΪѪҲ˼ѪԱ¡
Ȼ޳֪飬ܹԼвŷңܼҵӦҪ֮ѣ
ҲһЩ飬ûŷȻλܸߣڼУȴֻһƽˡ


2182 
һƽˣ
޳еǲ˼飬һ㱾ԽǿԽԸһ㼸˵ͨ޳Ҳˣﵽŷ־磬벻ΪʲôҪڻ˼֮С
޳˸ɻı飬ҲóҲ޳룬ϲɵ¶һ˿ЦȻǲ˽ŷŻô룬֪ŷЩʲôô˼һҲͲ֡
տʼ޳һǷǵŮڻ˵ʱ޳鲻ԽŷͻϵһһŰ裬Ψһͬǣûŷʵôǿϲɵøֳһ˿Цݣô˵ŷﻹɻ
ôǿдɵñеһ䣬ͷ·֪ʲôʱŷҲԼ֡
תһ룬ŷѾеļ壬ôһŮˣ˺Ѻ͵Ļտ˵ǸŮϵ
Ҫģûŷʱž⣬ΪֶЩΪߵ˶ϡ
޳Ƚرһ㣬ϵ˶ˣоûһŮˣ⵽Ϊʲô
˹ŷһ·ŷŮˣ޳Ҳˣ˪Ȼ飬ɱ֮ǰ뻹һɣŷȫһɶûС
˲ûΪ˼ӿٶȣϾѾˣʱ˴ͷųûշʧǾ͵òʧˡ
ղ֪޳ʱԴе뷨֪ĻһὫ޳úѶһ٣ȻͲСЩȴֵܹġ
ΪˣŻĻ˼е֣ǰ˵ĿĵƺԼһ
ѲҲҪǰȣ
ȻԼ˼ǰκ˶֪ε֪ġ
պ޳Ϣʧ˷еٶȲǺܿ죬ɶЩǷԵ˵ǵٶ׷ϡ
ǰŷû׷ǵ˼Ƿǰ棬Դϸһ¶Цݡ
ԭˣ
ȵΣ˵ܶŷǿҪ֮ʱг˲񿴼ҲŷĲʧϾƺһĵط
Ƕȥ̽·ûʲô鷳ĻٽС
Ⱦǰһ޴ɽȣǵѿһ˰̣ȻûйȥȴѾܹܵǱߵĻȣնɺɫˡ
޳ԶԶǸط̾𣿡
ûȻҲûû뵽Ȼôǿ˵ܾ֮ǰﻹȣֻǲ֪ɽȶѣǱ˼Ĵ֮أɺʲô飬û֪
޳ԽԽ֮ɫΪɽʵ̫ˣ洫ҲһϢǱӡ޳ԼܹܵϢڿеľһֱûʧ

ղû޳˵ЩʲôΪʱĿѾȫǰǿĻϵȻ޵Ƿϵ֮ȴŶԻϵĿԣȻ棬ӿԵʱ
һõطϴ˷֮ɫܲ˵ĳзȥȻûзɶԶһʯͷһֱϡ
ͷôˣ
޳ҲУ֮󣬶ʱɫ
Ϊ֮вУ޳ֱӴӿϣҲһΪǿˣһСĴӸ߿׹ҲһЩ˺޳ͻ˻ˣڵҳһ֮⣬û顣
մӵվѾܾõûôǱ顣ɵ޳ǻͷӣɵЦЦ˵û뵽˵ǿƣ̶ֳΪ˶һС
޳˵ͷɫǳأΪȫϵߣԶΧϢСܹܵһϢ֮⣬һרѹƵϢ͵ѹ󷨲ͬϢǻӦѾԼ˵Ĵڣֻûгѡ
޳ûн˵Ͼ֮ǰѾ˵ˣȻȴðգһ˵ֻ»ջѡ뿪
޳ʱ򣬻ɻĿ޳˵Сӣʲôأ
ûûʲô
һ˿ɻ󣬸ղ޳񣬶ȴԼô˵ͺǹԼ
ж޳һЩɣȴûжĹϵɷǳ޳
ӦþǴ֮أȻ˼ڵôľ棬˵һʲô
˵֮󣬱ܵڲԶǰһ޴ϢͣԶԶظϢǸǴӵﳤһ㡣
պ޳һۣӶԷУͬʱһݲɫΪǸϢǿ󣬶ҷǳϤֱͺͻһģһ
˵ôܣ
˷ǰǿǰŴǻԪɵĻգɵһ
ʲô
ղɵ÷һпһҲֱͻһģһʵȻѷɫڻգΪǲݻԵԵʣռʱ
տһϲɵ¶һ˿ЦΪҲûܴաǻתͷ޳޳ȶԸǰĻӦúܼ򵥰ɣ
޳׻յ˼ҪֵʱڰͻȻһƿ죬޳ܵתһȭ޴Ӱȭڴʱȴûʾôǿֻܿ΢һ£ǰĺɫ˲÷飬ԪɢڿС
պ޳һۣͬʱϢͷų޴Ϣͬһ͵ݡ˲佫Χɨһ飬ΧһжӳǵС
ղǸǱ֮󣬶ǴӴ֮зģΧĻԪظŨ񣬶Ǹ޳Ҫ˵Ļǵĵط
ԼҲ鷳㻹ǶԸԼɣٻտҲֻԸ
鸽ڻϣǸɵĸȴûʹ飬Ȼʹã޷ʹá
տȫԼʵɵ˿һ㳯ǰĹȥսһţʵ¡
޳ȴǾֹģҪսڰĸ޳ûг֣ȻƵĲֻ޳ʵ޳ļթ
޳ںֻҪվﲻͲǸ޳֣֮ǱߵսѾʵĵطմڱѹƵ״̬ذؾ棬ۿҪռϷʱͻȻһƿ죬һʮ״ĺ߳Żշȥ


2183 һ
ǣɻ
޳˲ʧٴγֵʱʮɱǰʮɱʽһ޴ľɱһȴ˵С
ʲô鶼ûǽһӣǿԽСɽȭͷ˲ʮɱըըҲСǾ޴Ļ˲佫޳ɣԱսĻնеһľûиܵһ޳סĻһԼϣԼֻ̻ˣʱǰһһذʤ㶼ûˡ
֮ǰ޳һЩõ뷨ֻܵΣһƬɫľ֮УǺɫĻ·ܹһиɣ޳ϢҲʧնʱɫŵ޳ǱߣȻ޷סһﻹҪôֵ
Ȼţ޳Ըӣ黹ģϾ˵޳һˡ
Ӻһؿ޳ǱߣҪһʲô޳˶Ļѡ뿪ģԼҲû̫룬л뿪
Ȼ潥ɢ޳Ӱȴûٴγ֣۾һУ˵ôܣ
޳ˣ
ʵһ룬޳Ӱȴɳ޳ɻԪ۳޳Ҳǿɳܵ˵һɳ
Ͻֳһ˿ЦݣŲԶ޳壬żֲ˵СӣȻҶһƭţ
޳¶һ˿Цݣ˵ƭ㣬㲻ҡ
˵仰֮󣬴ǰһɫʮ֣ʮҪǸһ۳ĻҪϸȴһöࡣ
˲Ĺǰ޳㱻ɱ
һĻղɵøе죬Ȼ֪޳ȫϵߣɱϾרڷϵϵΪ㹻ˣڻϵȴҲǺѷɫЩһ޳ĻҲһֿûС
޳Ѿһ֣ԼĶȴŵĴУŲĸоһϵȻ֮ǰ൱Ǽٻգһȭϴһ󶴣ϵʧҲǽʧ˿֮е
޳Ҳ˳Ļʤˣɵôżֲ˵Ҳ
ҲЦЦĻȷܸκвɵ˳ǰȥʱ򣬸ܵǰ潥͵ϢɵͣסŲ˴˶һۣ¶һ˿Ц
Ȼô򵥡
޳̾һԻ˵˭ǵٶȿ죡
ոܵ޳ϻȵϢҲɵ¶һ˿ЦݣѾ̫ʱ䣬Ѿþûּˡ
һ޴ɽл죬˵ЦһĶָһϵжͣһ£ݵͣ٣һսֳʤ˲䱻飬վǴһдһ㡣

޳ٶһЩһ￴Լֻһζķ޳Ľ鷳޳Ǻܿͽˡ
˶һۣǰȥȻ֪жٵˣܲһֱһս˵ʵЩһ̫ѷɫͬΪҲǳԣ˳ǰʮǧףȴû߳ΧŸ鷳
ǡ
տǰһȺˣʱɫû뵽˼ȻҲѲںԼ
ô˵Լ޳Ҫǰʮˣɵһ˲ϵսֻ᲻
ߣ
޳Ի˵ҶǷϵЩ˿϶׷ǣ
Ȼӣǰ֮£õİ취Ȼ˳ǰȥʱЩ˵ȷû׷ȴʱԽԽࡣ
޳Ҳû뵽ȻսóԻ˵
¡
һ޴ڵϣһƬȴһ鶼ûУκһ˵ʵȲ޳ȴǽʮ۷ǿһ
޳Цһһ취ûˡ
տ޳һۣ˵ǻǿ߰ɣ˵ܴǵġ
˸ո뿪ãһ죬һ޴Ģ˳գǸôԶľ룬ȴܹܵǿ
޳ɵ˿ĭ˵ǲǾŷʵ
ҲûмôǿĹǾǱѾʮǧ׵ľ룬ǳԼ˻վڵ֮⣬ĶѾݻ١
Ļش˵ŰɣҾǻǲҪĺã
޳еľԶԶգ֮ǰʵһЩʶ޳ʱǵһοսͬǻϵȴԼ񱩵Ķࡣ
ǻѪ𣿡
޳֮ǰʶѪǿ󣬿ȴһȼ֮Ѫ
ǿ񱩵ûƽϢ޳ţһȺѾȫʧˣٳ֣Ե޳˵ҲΪ塣
ҪǰʱȴֽµѾʼҲϵԼ¶־ȣΪʲôӡ
תͷߵĻգͲӰȻǱɵ֮¡
޳ҲûЧɴֱӷˣдһߺ˵ҵҪﻹŪʲô
ȫ֮󣬲Ǳ֮УǳһŽ֮С
Χǽɣھ޴֮£Ҫƻȴһ򵥵飬޳ΣȻԼ˻󣬱ûмù˳ǽڳȥͨ˫ģ޳Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôѡһߣߵԼһ㡣
֮ͨеϢĨ޳ŻҲӦǵֵطԻյԸԲԭص취Ѱҳ·ͺ޳һ
޳ǰûãһˣȻѰҳ·޳֮ʱһ˿֮ɫ
㣡
۾޳ͻȻһ˿ЦݣǳթЦݡ
޳ʶȴһ֮ԵԼͻն˺ͻ˼ʱȺ֮УģʵȴѾǼˣͬģҲȺΪġ
޳ûнԼϢͷųգȥ޳һոմﵽ۷ˣҲѹ˵
ҲСӣ㵹ù
˵֮һһ޳޳һתõôĶȥɾ䣬˷һ˿һ
Ȼû뵽Լһʧ֣һ˵ⶼȥˡ֪֪ΪǶ˸˶鷳ղһܹһ𣿡


2184 
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޳˶֣ϾԼΪûʲôŷһ鷳
޳ǲǲŹ޳ģϵĳ裬ǲ޳ǰδԵ̫С
޳ûл֣ɵƾԼı£Ӧ֪Լ޳Ķְɣ
޳Ϊ˻һˣ޳ˣ߹˵ǻۡ
ȥʲô£ѲҶսʵû
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޳ô˵֮¶һ˿Ц˵ΪҪң
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޳ΪѾĵߣҪ˵Щʲô޳ֻóˡ
ŷ˵ȥȪ·׷ˣǻ˼ˣӦ˵ǼɣȵĿĵ֮˹֮⣬Ҳûô˰ɣ
ʲô
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ǡҲǻϵߣ㲻Ӧǻҵ𣿡
ҵˣҵֽ޳ϣܴӵס֡
޳˵֮˲䷢ȥҲԴУһ˲䣬鸽ϣ巢޴ı仯һСĻˣת䲢ûɱ㱻޳ĹУķݣ漴޳ǿĻ֮ʧͺδֹһ㡣
޳¶һ˿ʧ˱ɻ֮ʵֻϧűһ㣬ٿһĻܹ
޳ֻ΢еһ˿̾Ϣѣòиͻ˽ֵĻᣬȴԼ˷ˡ
ͻ˼Ҫ뽫ŷȣ޳߲ʲô¡
֪ŷôȻǿߣԼһҪһ֣ҪﵽĿģͲŷ
ǰȥȲ֮һ޴Ĺ㳡ڹ㳡Χ޴ʯʯϵŹӵ֣Ĺ֡
޳ǵһģΧľܸоЩϤģϢʶȴǴͻȻ۾һϵĵ̷Ǳ˵ӣǱ˼Ĵ֮ء
Ȼһ󷨣󷨲ױ򿪣Ӧֻб˵Ѫſԡˣ޳ϲɵ¶˿ʧɫԼǧòȴ󷨾֮⣬ܹ󷨴򿪵ĻžѰҵ١
޳Ҫ취Ū֮ʱͻȻܵһЩϢڳ߿Ϊ̫Զټ󷨶Ը֪ѹƣ޳ܷǳĸܵǹϢԶǵѣ޷ֱ棬ֻֽӶ¡
Щ˽֮޳ɵøе־ȣ˲˵ܼҪŷôŷ
Ǳ˵Ĵ֮أ
Ϊ׵ǸܼҵĳϾ˷֮ɫ·Ǽܹ
ŷɴһվţָϵϢ·ʱЩ˳ֵӡ
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ڻȥ޳ϲɵһ˿Цͨ˫ģһѾȷλãձԼҪ磬ȴûеȻߴ˷
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ŷҲżּȴΣŬԼڳһƽӣ˵ֻҪ󷨴֮󣬾ܹҵˡ
顣
޳û˵֣оӦһǳǿĻϵֵطϵﵹģһΧһž޴ΣգЩѵʶ
һ˷ܵЦݣȻʶǸûзϣҲųģŷ
ӦŷΪ˻˼һˣһսǳɹʧܣͻ˼ֵ
޳ŷϵƽͷųǿĻԪֱӺ֮ϣ󷨽ΣҪάӿɲһ򵥵飬ŷʵ˵һ޴ģأŷɫ仯˵ڸʲôæ
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ô
ѣܹƽ⿪
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󷨺оĸ֣ĿΪ٣رԼҺͳ¼ҵˣҪоӡȻ࣬רȻǲеġ
޳ԼҺͳ¼ˣûмˣȻһ硣
ôܹƽ⿪Ҳ޳ûа
ܿ죬ֻŷҲ¶ѿɫ˵ôУǶֲסˣ
˿ˣټһСᣡ
˵ǲƽⲻݡ
һᣬ˵ˡ
æ֮ϻ󷨣һҵĹâ֮Уͬʱʧһ޴Ŀնм䣬ȫڣ˭Ҳ֪ͨ
ʲô
ȻĲһһЦ˵ϲλǱ˼Ĵ֮أֻҪȥܹ
Ļﻹû˵꣬ӱ㸡ڿУֻŷһһĳ޴˲䴫һɳȥֱӷмԲ֮ϡ
ȻĿŷΪոҪʣȴײɫСʱ˲䱻һɣǽУķѣСݣʧڿС
æͣг£ŷ﷢ֵ磬ֻľͲһԼˡ
⼸˸еҵͬʱҲʼ䡣


2185 
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ɢ֮һӵĵعȻһĳǱ͵عͬǱ֮ɢǿ
޳ûжΣ֮㽫ԼϵϢЩҲȫǰ飬û˷޳Ĵڡ
޳˿ͬʱе֣ղǸϢ˭ģԼӦ
͵޳ڿЩʱڵһǰγһ޴ĹȻûдﵽ񾳽磬ҪԶԶ۷ǿŷ֮⣬ûⶫĶ֣޳Ҳһ
Щ˶ʱɫһһǻһǱԣ໥ƵԣһȴںһһܣһɫƣһǺɫƣ嶼ѿˣɸ˵ĸоķȴɷǳǿ
ôᣡ
Ҳû뵽ⶫôǿһ۲취ܣ˲һ˵ĺ󷽡
취ԸȥѰҶ顣
˵֮һԶƽǰĹ֮С
ҲһȻǽｻŷС
ŷһ˿ŭҪǰ赲ΪʵѾԣʱ򣬹һǺ·ǲһƣŷӿһ٣һٵĹΧ˶빬֮Уŷһ档
Щ˿湻ģŷһŮ˰ɣ
粢ûŮ˵ĸЩŮΪЩ෴ǶԣŮһġ
޳Ȼϸŷ򱧲ƽʵԼȴҲҪ͵͵ߣ͹ŷĸӦ
СӣҲߣ
ŷ޳޳һЦתͷԲε̨սŷ
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ΪߣǲǸղûڻй¶һ˿ϢĻֻҶᱻȥ
ŷĳޣ޳ȴôЦ
ֻýӴԶ߳Ǹ޴Ҳ޳߶һŭ޳ʱܵǿķ֮Ҳѹָղŷﶼ˶٣޳һŭ֮Уֱӵɳȥ
ݺݵˤǽϣ˼Ӳǽ汻޳ҳһϸСİݡ
ŷȻû뵽޻ѡ޳֣ԸղŵȻѡǿ
ԶԶ޳һۣ漴ע㲻޳ϣϾܵ˳صһһ˵Ļƻֱˡ
ӡ֮У޳Ϊ˵³޳³
޳ûվϵûüͷųͺȻǽϣ޴ĳеһʹ·֮ȫλ
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޳ɫѿﾲͬʱҲŷζԸ
ŷһޣ˵ǳޣ˵һǳرĽʱһͨ죬ž޴󺮹ɱֿĶѿΪһСڣһС֮ӣ쵽޳
ԸսƻĮ˪ŷٺʲˡ
켧
һ˲䣬ңһڽڳ֮еŷռĻŮжηĻ⡣
ٸ߳·Ϊһ塣
޳ɵÿЩû뵽Ȼ˾Ľ˵ΪԼ߶ˣǺԼһģһΪԼҲᶥסĹ
оԼӰȭ޷Ӱȭ
ǿĹǰȴûжôЧɢŰɫͺɫĹâֹâŷĿƣ޵ķ˵ŷȻֵܹס޹ȴ޷޿⡣
ʱܼҵ˲ûн빬Уһֱܿŷֿȴûһֵ˼
޳ϵЦݣɵһЦܼһ޳ܣһҪõ飬һ滹Ҫ￴Ϸ·Ҫŷȥſ뿪ŷȻЩ˵óѣʱսȻǿȴ֧źܳһʱ䡣
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Щ˵һ޴ջ󣬾ҲƲס֮еٵĳ泷ȥǳֵʱŷѾﵽһ̡
ŷʱѾʩչԼȫܽ޸ɱǾˡ
ҺãҲǿ֮ĩ˫֮˭ʤ˭Ѿʵжˣǲжϡ
Щ˿Ŵʱŷһ۾ð⣬Ů˺ûɶ磬ŷֱԳƵɡ
찡ŷ𣿡
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ֻϧ޳ʱ˿̽ȫ˼֮ϣûиܵһԹЩˡ
ŷһһⶼս֮ϣһʤ⡣
ɣ
ŷһȣеʱͷųǰ޻ûüȻըâƮУһһ㡣
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Ȼ֮ΪȴûʲôʶǾƯڿУ¸һ㡣
ŷΪ޳˵ȴǺ޳һ㶼ģ̇ͷʱȴܼҵЩһվǰϴаЦݡ

ŷʱϵЦޱȵ⣬˵Ҳû뵽ǵѶҵһܼôһˡ
ŷѾܼ˺Ƥ֮ǰ֪һܼҵõɳ֮ԼΪ޳ȻСĽ
۾ɵó޳Ƴһۣʱ޳Ҳ۾۾֮ͷųһ˿аĹâ
Ȼˡ
޳ϴһ˿ЦݣǰĶ飬ڿһܼˣе鶼ļƻ֮һ㡣
Ҳ޳û뵽Ϊô͵СӾȻܹڣû뵽޷κ˿յŷȻСӻ


2190 ˣ
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޳ĻЩìܣ˼Ѿֵĺˣܼҵɫһ䣬ϵɱ˲ɢ
޳Ҫ飬ĻϿߣ뿪
ŷԶԶض޳ȻҪŹԼһ·޳ɵøе죬ȻеĲֻ޳һˣ˵װͬЩҲΪǰ˵ĵļһȻŷ
ŷɴһɣֿ֪֮˵Ļ˭Ҫơ
˭뿪ˣȻǵĹϵôãɴһˣһ޳Ȼ֪޳ô⸱ģģ޳Ӹ޷սԼֻҪһͿɴһֻһ㣬ɱ
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㳤֮Ҫ壬޷ĻǾѵ˽ɣҵģԶҵģ
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ŷڼ֣һĵĹأְһðˡ
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޳ǿվвĻδҲԵùڲ԰סЩ˶ܹóǰ޳ϵľѾһѣȻ֪αסģȴһȷȷʵʵķˡ
һ˳޳һָ۳һźɫ嵽޳ǰȻ޳ǰȻըһСĹ޳˵ֱһ㡣
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ŶǸ
һը֮Щ˶۾޳ǱߣΪǸоվڻ֮еӰûе¡
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Ƶ֮󣬿·˲潥رϡһƬĻ֮УһɫӰվ첲ǸԷİ
Щһɫ·˵ôܡ
ɢ֮Щ˿޳ݣһɵ˿ʲôֻһո̤۷徳ˣʲôøеµģ
Щ˻þĿ⿴޳޳ֱǰһԾŷߣŷ˵û°ɣ
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ŷϸֳһ˿Ц˵ıӰ·𿴼̫̫Լ˵Ķ֪ԼΪʲôԼҲҪ޳뿪
벻ԭ򣬴Ǿ޳˱ԼᣬԻȥĿҲԼһЩɣ
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Сӣ㵱ǻòͷˡ
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սꪳ޳У漴һ޴ĻӰ޳˸Ҫ䱸Ӱʱ򣬻ӰȴͻȻʧˣֻ޳һվ
壡
޳˵֪ʱ˿ʹóԼʲô˺ȴܹȷǣȻԼܹʹóһУǾһҪЩ̵ӡԷΪԼһ׸СãСԼɲá
һӣһɢ۳˲䱻޳ɡ
ڼʶ޳ʵˣֲ˵ôܣ㲻һո̤۷ڶõ𣿡
Ҹ˵Ҫҳ֣ҵĵ˿ɲǼˡ޳̧̧¶һ˿ɫ˵ȴӲҳ֣ŽѰ·
޳еĻ˵Щһе־壬ǲҳ֣ˣһǲ˵ǸʲôһΪǾ³ӣǻ˼˵ϢǿҲһСëʲôս飬һϼһȻẦСëǶˡ
ѵ֮Լ򣬽Լϵ˲ͷųȻȻ˵⣬ʵѾȫֻǽ޳һСӣѾǳˣЩͬ˴δ
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޳ϸֳһ˿ЦݣǵЦݣûöͶ㿪Ĺһ߳ȥԵֵü㱻޳ɡ
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һŸʲôѲǷ˼˻ẦһҵС
Ҳ֪˭ôһ䣬ñһˡ
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ŷС˵ҲǴʱ˿Եʣϸ塣
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ŷﻺ˵һ㣬޳֪ŷʲô˼ԼһӣֻҪЩ˲֪ݣ㲻Щ֣뵽޳ɵЦЦƴԼݵŷﻹϲ
޳˵ͷЦ˵İɣ
ŷһ̣޳ķ̨ϡ
޳ͻȻһ飬ֻܴһˣΪʲôǣ
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ӵʱ޳ϲ⣬û뵽Ȼջ񣬺ӳܴҲһΧֵĻʵҪȻոǿһЩ˲䷢ת


2191 ط
ʲôǱ˼ģ
гŵɫױ˼Ϊʲôͻһһ𣬶Ŵʱ״̬ƺԼЩ˱ˡ
޳վЩ˵ǰտ޳ͷŵʱɫ֪޳أͷų֮ʱʹö೤ʱ䣬޳һ̶ʧȥҼֵʱҲԽʧȥʱҲԽҪսĻܵ飬̿ʼʵС
޳ǰЩˣ¶һ˿ɫֱӿ˵ɱǣһҲ£
޳ĻǸеȣ֪Լǻ˼ˣȻҪԼ֡
Щ˾ȻĻ޳˵֮ûһ˿ɣ˲֣ƢĻҲһ
һ﾿ʲô
޳ԸˣնԸһԼΪǿߣӺܴҲһΪϻһЩƣԸѡһСһĶ֡
ôһɢԭеηڿʼֳˣֻҪԼǰܣЩ˽޼ƿʩ
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˼˶һƷУǾֻнǰ˵ɶֵʱ򣬲Żȥѯ˵֡
޳
޳û޳˵Ҳ·һ޳ǵ͹ô˵ǻ˼ĳϣʵ֮ǿȻһ˿֮ǰսһֱؼʱ̣ôأ
ϳһ˿ЦݣЦݸĿ£޳˵ܲѾ㹻ʸҼס֣ɱ˵ǱϣһὫȥġ
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ܴйһ֮ԵֻǸ˴ߣϳܵϵϢȫȷǸΪ֮˾ǰ
Ҳ˵ڼǰʹﵽյΪôȥΪǿʲô̶ȣ
޳Сģ
ܴո˵㿴޳һɾ޴ɳȥȻݺݵײǽϣǾ޴ĳȻعһζ
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Ҳû뵽ŷ֮ҲųԾ֮ɫ

һЦЦ֮У˶ɵôסΪЦ޳ģܵ˳صһӦ޷˰ɣôػܹЦó޳ȷЦóһЦķǳá
·ûܵһ˺ղ벻һӦ޳Ӧ㲻ҲӦܴܵ˺ɣ
޳ڿУϻһ˿˷ܵЦݣ۾ֱĿ˵ʮ롣
󲻽⣬ʵʲôʮ룿
ʮ֮ڣҽ
޳ȫڿڳԣԼѾѹסˣҴʱʵǿ󣬹ֻŷָܹù޳ô˵ֻ
Ҳһ㶣漴޳ϸֳһ˿Ц⣬˵ҿ״ֻ̬ܼʮ˰ɣ״̬ô𣿻ǻҵϣ
Щ޳ֻʣʮʱ򣬾Ѿʶ޳ĻҲʼʮ֮ڣôһǿնɱ߻кܶʵһɧţֱһɵ顣
ȴ޳֮ûпһη壬ƺܹʮ֮ڽһ㡣
ŷһԲϻָԼʵ޳һۣʮʱ䲻ֻ޳ʧȥʱһԼӳʱ
޳۾ƺǳƳһۣŷҲȷиеȣѲ޳Ѿ׼Լˣ
Σ޳սѾʼȫ໥֣Ϊһ֮ھʤԼȡöôƣֻҪԼˣٴҲ˲仯ΪУͬİæЩ˻̷̡
޳ûйڽţԱԼǿĶǿսٵĿɲһΣϢǳƽȣ۾֮Ҳһ˿â
ôᣬҲʮңô˳ȵ˼
Щһ¶ı飬޳ΣսɲЩܹġ
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Щ˵ʵǳǿ󣬶ҹٶҲܿ죬Ϊܹ޳ǣƣȴǸ޳ֺһ޳ǰȺ֮Уһ޳ͳ󣬱ϵǿ
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һ޳ģ޳ҪǱμ֮ǰʶԼϵΪ̫Ҫѧϰһǿʽ㽫һн
޳ϴЦݣΪ֪Լǿ޷֮£һܵСĳ
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һȣ۾޳ϵ˲תۼ䣬ʹһһʵ޴ķˡ
޳û뵽ڱɷ֮ʱ˾޴ƺ޷ܵģߵĽҲ޷ܣ˲ɽɫء
ʱ޳ĹҲѾȥˣǺɫСƯڷǰǷҲԣһУһ޴СȻڿըѿһ˲䣬ϵأһ޴ĲȻɢΧЩ˸޷ֵһ޴޳ΪģΧ˶ȻɢһЩΪСģ֮˿Ѫ
о޳Ĺƽ棬Ȼ̺ǿǶ˾Ȼû£


2192 ʮ
⡭
ܼҵһ˿޳˵һո̤۷壬Ųʮ𣿵ǽʽزҪʱɣ
һΪҪһЩ˵һʱǱ츳˲ܴﵽ˵˵һˣһǧҲܴﵽġ
仰Ȼ˵ˣȴһʵǶΪߣ似͹϶Լĸ򣬶ڹǿҲһܹ俴似ǿԲΪ޳Ϊǿ󣬶Ǳ͵ȼߡ
ǻ˼ľѧҲ˰ɣ
һλͻڶս˸̾ȺУһΪڳޣһɵö޳ٴθеԾ
ϴЦݣ˵Ҳġ
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˵ֱ޳ʵ㹻˴޳Ҳ˵ɲ˳Ծˡ
û뵽޼ʥص˾ȻҶ֣Ǳ˼ͻһǱΪ飬ҪǴȥ塭
ﻹû˵꣬ͻȻܵһ䣬ѾһƬɫŵĳҲȥ
תͷԶ޳ô벻Լ޳ôԶλãѾ޳˷ȴûֹ޳Ķ
Ȼʹ󣬿ǷӦѾյһЩ˺϶ʱ¶ЦݣȭͷƮƮƷǳ򵥵һȭǵͶ˽ӴʱȭͷΧȴͻȻð𻨡
ⲢûԣΪ˲٣ٶ̫Բֽ
ôᣡ
֮ǰͻս֣˶ΪѾﵽ˼ޣ޷ˣʱյһȴʵΧҲ˵յʵҲڲϵӡ
ȥĻǻﵽǿߵĵزгţķӦҲѸ٣ϵŻյֶϣǿϢڲŻա
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ղûнջӭжϣ֪ԼȥһԼˣǺͶԷ˺ȣϵ˺Ե΢΢ˡ
յ뷨ȷģȻڵʵѹˣҪȴףһж޳
޳һۣʱ޳ŵЦݣ·ԻյķӦ⡣
СӻпյңѾȥʮˣǱ߻һЧûУѲɻʲôɱУ
Ҫȥ޳æ޳һӦʱ˿ԼпգոҪǱ߷ȥȴ֮ǰԼ˵Ǹ˵ǿ֧壬۾Żգ˵ǻҵĹǣô˻ܹϵǿʵҪ˶СĴδҲ̫˰ɣұϾûнĴ֮һԱô׵սʤǣ
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֮ǰĻоԼһָûУǵ޳к޳ϵеı˼壬ʼһжпܵģһ޳ﵽ񾳽硭
޷޳ﵽ񾳽ľȫֻҪ޳ȥĻﵽ񾳽Բǻ롣
ΪԼѾ˻赲𣿡
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һȣ޴ɢȫЩҪڰ͵Ϯ¶˵ĺʱĿ⳯Ǳȥʱ˾ơ
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ҲЩ˵һȥϾʱ˿ֻʣ¶ʮ벻ʱ޳ûлԼˡ
ף
ûķһȣڵĻĿ³潥һУͬʱҲ޳С
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ϧûհҵģֻܷһˣ
޳վڻ֮УаԷпȵĻ˵ȴʧȥԼڲϵĲ䡣
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ôᣡ
޳Цݣվڻ֮оϴһ㣬һˮ˵ϵһƬ΢죬ûκεӰ졣
ѵ𣿡޳վڻ֮У߷Ҳټ޳ǲϵ޳ǰۣһЩɫ޳һ
ʮ

޳ϵı֮Ȼз·𻹴һһзǷ˵
ĳǷˣΪһ֮УһŷѪ˱С
޴Ļ˲˰󷨶żѹƣĻϰٹĻ𺣡
޳֪һܽɱϾʵôǿ󣬶ҲСƻ˼塣
޳׼ʹԼڶɱСʽ
һȣ޴ηʵȴϵʧ޳üͷ壬а̾ǧҪҰһʹó
Ͼʮʱ쵽ˣ˵עȫ޳ɽ޳Ϣı仯ƫǵ۾Ǹܵ޳Ϣʱ򣬵˻ϲǣϵĺսꪣҲʼϸ΢Ļζ

ŷߣ֮дž޳һûвЧĻԼɱҲûκô
޳
ҲŵĿ޳еȵǣһԽܴȴȫһ֮ɫ
ٿһֱզզĺӣҲǴһǳЦݡ
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޳ڴϴûʧǿ˶ûɱһССô޳أ
˵
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նʱɫҪǱҪǿ˲ǿѲ޳Թǿߣ
ǿ߲һҪҳһǿһǳѵ飬ҲֻǼһζѣԵ޳ǿߣȻǳ𾪡
ڴʱ
ʽ


2193 
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һŵ֮У޳ϵĺսڴӿж£޴ռеս
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ӦֻҪһ㹻ˡ
Ȼ޳ĹǿЩûһܹסģǵǸ֮ܵȴɵý˼ȫϣΪһεսʤ
һεɢԳЩеľ磬Ѿﵽĵز
ôᣡ
۾ŵӣӺܴ޳ôģ޳ȴûдﵽĿģתͷźӺܴǶ֮еɫûʧ
Ϊʲô
ף
տŴӿͣһ˲㳯ŵ׹ȥ޳ϷǴһ˿ЦݣԼҪˣȻܹЦóȻ޳һܹġ
ϧʧĻһ˾ܹһɱھȫˣ
޳а룬ͺԼе뷨ܹһ㡣
Զŷ¶һ˿Ц޳䲢ûаԾа޳ٶ̫ˡ
޳ͬһֱߵ˲䣬һɺߴŷг֣ⲻһߣһĳΪٶ̫죬Կͺһ߲ࡣ
˭Ҳûע⵽ŮˣΪŮ˵Ϣ̫΢ˣ΢Ϣվܣ޳صɱС
޳ϽֳЦݵ˲䣬ؿڱ㱻һƷ룬ϵЦݶʱͣȴûʧ˵ǡʲô
һ˲ϢȻֻǽ̴ϷϢ׵Ľ׵Ľնϡ
Ե˵һпĻ֮ϵı齥ʧҲӿˤϣʧȥʶ
ͻȻתЩͷԣرܼҵЩˣǻδʤϲ֮Уڱجġ
޳Щܼ˵ŷݣԼһǰɣ죡
շӦ΢ЩٶۣΧĺӻܴѾʼսˣԼȴǰһȺһ
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֮ǰͻֵǸ֮г˻ҰЩ֮еһӦһ˵ʵˡ
̲סŷǱ߿һۣȻϣʵϲŷŷ֮г˰⣬ֻϧŷԴӽͷų֮˱˹ȥûע⵽ߡ
ϸֳһ˿ЦѪг֣˫ɫʧȻˣԾ
ջǲҵа
մŵľ壬˾һɫ쵼ߣֻϧȴѹһͷֻսǾͻһͬĽ֡
ղûж֣׹ڵϡ
ȻܼҵǲܷŹģϾԲ⴫ȥ
Щ˿սĿ⿴Լһʱɫ·ʱſڻǰһ٣շŹһ·һ㡣
Ͼ۷ǿߣȻΪв׶ηĹҵĻսɳ
գҺƴˣ
һӺܴǱҲһ˫ٴ˿սⳡս˽һʱշֳʤ

һȣͬһֻľŭռ䲻ɵΪ֮һ񣬾ŷҲˡ
ŷ￴Żյķ֮жһ˿ĽѾͻƵıԵϾͿԴﵽ񾳽ˣ˳Ļ罫ֳһǿߡ
һ˺ۣ۰׵Ƥ֮Եø¶һ˿Цݣҡҡλε֣Ҫܴơ
ܴϸֳһ˿簮Ц⣬ǿסʹֵʱ򣬺ȴ۾һգһƬҶŵˤȥ

ʱ˿ֻ̣ʣܴһ˻ܹкսΧһƬѪ۵ʥأϲɵøֳЦ־Լպȥôôȥ˵﷢飬ҪǱ˼峤ӣһᡭ
ͶˮץסУȴԥ·ڿôһ㡣
ŷﲢ֪ܴһʲôˣܴҲֻ˵ѣǱ˼սʿĺģһͳ˧ԼǿߵĴ󽫾ȴδ˵Ʒʺʲôġ
ȫԶ̣⽫ĲƸԴټ츳ѷɫڻգΪǿȵء
ԻɱЩˣȻԼ̣ܴ޳ߵˣжܴһ
ܴҲܵŷԼʵ֣ɵýͷתŷ
ŷһ䣬֮¶һ˿־壬Щ˼Լ֮¶Ŀ
ܴûкЩһ¶һ˿ƵЦݣǺкһ㡣
ܴǴĿģһ˪رȵؽѹƣܴ޳Ҳ̣ѾŮˡ
һһˮ飬޳ߣﳯ޳ɢʹâı޳գȻ֮Ϊ֮еһ֡
ŷŵĿһĻʱ˿̵޳Ӧû֪ŶԣôᡭͻȻһŵ뷨Ǿ޳ˮϵͻϵΪ֮ߣﶼеԶĽ͸޳ơ
ȻţӦΨһĴ𰸡
ոܵռ֮ͷŵǿдżֿϧɫϧǷϵ򵥵޳ͻƴкô
ѾɵһƫƧ׼ͻƣΧµĽѾһжɲԼͻʱ⣬Ϊһ벽ǿߡ
벽ӦõĴﵽ񾳽ıر̣ʵȻ벽ǿʵ϶ͻƵ񾳽ʱԽϣ޷ΪǿߣԲŻᱻΪ벽ǵʵҪǿ۷ǿΪͻ񾳽ʧܣһӶṳ̂۷ǿζ̤񾳽Ŀܡ
ҪôǿߣҪô
ղһֽ֣ΪǸҪģֻеĿרһˣпܴﵽԼĿģ
ʣµľͿǵˣ


2194 ʤ
޳֮ϵָɫҲת۾ǰ¶ϲɫܴϲɵ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ֲܴǲ˽ңΨһŵӲ˵ġ
޳˵֮ǿʹվʱ˿Ȼָˣȴһ飬ƻ֮²ûлָʹǿԣҪսɾͲˡ
޳վһǳܿȥƺѰʲôܶûʱϵĵԷˮУ޳з·ûжټֵһ㡣
ŷĿ޳Ҫ֪޳ôЩ޳¶һ˿Цݣ·ŷʱģǸȤ
޳ʱŷ޳Ҳһˣ޳¶һ˿ŭȻ͵ؽͷתȥ
ǶҲòŷתһ룬޳Ҳǻϵߣ޷ʹãǻˮ鶼ա
ѾʶʵˮյĻֻ¾ԼҲǵĶ֣οԼʱ˿Ѿûб似ˡ
֮дصǣ֪ôʱͻȻ޳ԼǰһǶ龲ţϲɵøֳһ˿ŭԼûеõ飬޳Ҳôǰҫɣ
Դʱ˿̣ŷ·Ҫ޳Եһ㣬ǰ޳һ
ι˵ŶҲͰˣҪҡ
ߣأ
ŷ˵㽫ָջȥָ֮һὫָֻ
ŷ˵֮ʱҧгݣ޳ŵһ亹ɲ뱻ŷԣϾŷ޷ʹʵҲԼǿ
Цʲô
Цأ
ŷŭɫ·ʱᶯ֣׷ʵЦʲôЦƴսȺ˼©𣿡
ŷеȷ˲ʣԼΪԼƴǸ޸ĻЩ˸Ҳ飬ҵҲõģԼһС
̫࣬Цҵһı㵱¿ηΣҿɲֵҫˡ
ڸʲô
㣬֮ǰǸʽӦȼԼѪ֮ɣ׻˵ֻҪϻл֣ԳɳɸǿĴڣ͸ˡ
ʲô
Ϊŷ𺳣ΪԼ˻۾ŵɫ޳˵˵Ѷˣ
ҲòһһЩҪ
޳仰¶ֽɫԼʵʲô飿
Щ˶ҵĶˡ
޳ͻȻͳ֮Ծɫʧڵͫ׷·ףɳƵɤżԸС
սѾ޳ȴһһ㡣
ŷﲻ޳֮ǰĻһвǱŰţǱˡĻ㽫ԼȫҲֻһӶѡ
ôᣡ
޳ΪŷԼĻе޳һλߵһ˲䣬޳ӰһӵӰ·غһһǵĳƺĺȴ޷˵
Ҫ˵
ŷ˵ͷ޳齻Լķϣԭһ̬⣬ٴο޳˵ʲô𣿡
Ҳ֪ᷢʲô飬ͻ˭ȻָҶҪ˵ͬǾһҪ˳Ĵȥһ
޳ԼĻ˵֮ͻȻһ·ҪԼеȫ³һ㡣
ٴλָƽʱЦݣŷ˵ǣͽˣʱһǼ˻ģǣǧʵǿ֮Ͷ֣ͻ֮һǿߣҪǻǳֵĻǿɲ㣡
ŷɫʱĿ޳֮³һ֡
УԵŮ
ŷӣ޳Ǿð˪ɰˣȻŮľһŮˡ
޳ΧһУԼϵĶˮ飬¶һ˿Ц֪Ӧδ
ܴߣܴ˵ˮԺΪкô𣿡
ܴ󿴼޳һԼߣΪ˵ʲôأ仰֮󣬲㱻޳Σǻ黹ˮ飬߶ϵĺôһܹӵⶫ㲻յÿӦϵΪĺôʱ˿޳ȻѯϼⶫԺûкô
޳ӣ˵ʵⶫСе˷ѣ˼嶼ĪĺôǧҪֻСһʹá
ⶫҲ㽻ҵģ˴ٽɣ޳·ȫںһ㣬ܴ¶һ˿ЦܹԱ˲ĵҲֻ޳һ˰ɣ
޳ߵߣϵƺأȴϵ޳԰ơ
޳Լһ㽫ںߣˣΪĴԺϵƻָĸѸ١
˵ͬʱ޳ҲԱߵܴѯʣ˵ôҲ
ܴһ˿εɫЦ˵Ѱ峤ģûǲ´ˣ㱻Űƭˡ
仰Ȼ֪޳ͱŰ֮ˣӦǻ֮ǰЩ˵ġ
޳ü˵ģ֮£Űƭˣĸһֻûгֶѡ
ܴ޳Ļеһ˿ȣΪо޳ƺ֪Щʲôڼ粢ûбкøУһݽ
ܴϲɵ¶һ˿޳ȻĺѣǼȴ峤֪֮֮޳Ҳֳܶ⸱̬ȡ
޳Ҳܴܵϵŭ϶ʱһ˿ѿɫ˵ǸҲǿԡ
ܴ޳ʱӣɵó̾һ˵ˣ˵ʲôֱ˵ɣǷֿʱ䣬ǲ﷢ʲôȻԸǲỳһŮ˵ġ
ܴ޳ЦԷǣͷ˵㲻ú𣿱ŰΪʲôñ˼û˼嶼ӵŷѪҪǣǶŮˡ
ܴδ飬Ͼ֮ǰ֪˼Ҳˡ
޳һѣǾü֡
ɵĿ޳ȷ˵˵ڱŰһУ


2195 ˫ͻ
޳ĵ˵ͷ
ܴɫ˲ˣ޳Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôϾܹжֻԼˣΨһǸ˻ܹﵽ񾳽磬ڵʲôϾ񾳽ǿģһԽԼ˸ȥ
Ȼڻ֮ǰǱ˾ͳĻ޳һ취ûˡ
ܴ¶һ˿ɬЦݣ޳˵˭ڻûгӦûʶѾ˰ɣ
Ȼո˵֮һǿ˲һжǣ޳ܴ˶ɫҪ֣ȴٴθܵǹȻʧˡ
ôܣ
ܴɻ˵޳үղŸܵǹϢ𣿡
޳ȻǸܵˣɫѿ
벽ľ磡
޳˵ʱ˳Լ˳ֵĻԼ˱ɣĿ겢ԼˣԼߵʬ塣
ǹʧ֮޳ǰԶʬҲ֮仯Ѫһ㣬˱һ߸ɿݵá
ʱ˿̵ӲЩˣѾɵ޳߿޳˵֮ʱ鹾һתۿ֮е˳
˶Ϊ͵ߣǰһĻǲܵЩģܴ˿ĭղǹ޷ֿģԵĲʬ壬Լˣǰʬ³ԼʱĽ֡
ҵǣڽļʱ֮ڣﲢûκηӣһʬ֮⣬˺ʬҲ
ڴʱ޳һֱƵĺҲˡ
޳
۾ʱ¶һ˿ЦݣվΧսѾԼߴȫʤ˷ܵĲˡ
ף
ǰ治Զһʬ壬˵ǰ޳첻ֱúݶˣȻֱӸɸʬԺҿɲҺˡ
ǿЦģǷʬЩһ㶼ģϾԼĵˣԵ˵ʴȾǶԼĲֻ̡Ǿ޳Ȼɳѡ
ܴ˵ûĴӺͷһȭԺ˵޳ˡ
¶һ˿ɻʵⲻǻϵɵ޳֮⣬˭ǻϵߣ
ȫ״ѯʷܴܴ˵ˣĻ֮Ҫ֪ʶѪǴ峤Ѿ
ᣡ
ܴ²⻹û˵꣬㱻޳ֱӸϣӡ
޳˵֮ǰұܵ໥ͻһȻǸղţҲΧĻϵһȻ֪ȴܹܵӦںɻϵݺݵѹƣʲô״̬ǾԴڵġ
Ҳ˵峤ģ
޳˵ͷлкܶ޳ûн⿪һҪȰ벽ľҪǿΪʲôһֱڱѹƵ״̬ڶ±Ҫ۱˼ͻ˼徿ҪʲôЩѰӦòĿģĿӦڲԶŷŶԡ
ѲΪŷﻹԹŷͻơ
޳뵽ˣ˵ɫ㷢˱仯ĻǱߴȫûнԼ˷ϣûн׼ͻƵ񾳽Ļշϡ
ܴͺӿ޳˼ûд޳ǴһԾȻʱ˿˵𵽶ãһһ֣ܱȵʱԱǿ
޳Ҳ֮У֮ǹǿٴγ֣һɽһʬեɡ
ٶʬɻҪʱ䣬޷߳
޳ߵܴɻʵҪﵽ񾳽Ҫ೤ʱ䣿
ܴ¶һ˿Ц˵Ҳûдﵽ磬ǰ˵ľ飬ҪﵽֵزҪʱɲ̣Ҳü죬ĻҪ꣬ʮ꣡
޳ϲɵ¶һ˿Цյ츳ãͻ֮ǰѾ̫ЩȻʵȴܹΪȴλ۷״̬һ޳ںܾ֮ǰѾˡ
ͻƱ֮ǰʵΪأȻ츳ͻԵͻƣȻûУȴ㹻ˡ
ͻƵʱ䲻Ҫ̫ʱ䣬޳жҪһ¡ٶҪԶԶŷˣ޳Ѿָˡ
ĿǰҪ취ո
ʲô
޳˵仰ΪԼˡ
ε˵Ǽһĵ̣ôܹĵϽոҪ˵硭
֧֧죬Ҳûһ⣬ε̾˿޳˵ǰ뷨ɣҲ֪ô죡
޳˵ͷߵܴ˵ҵܲԪγһ֣ܹһ͹ȴӰĺؽйͨ
ܴ޳Ļɵǰһ˵㲻һˣǵĹ֮һнھԷĹҪеĻٺʲˡ
Ҳǵͷ˵⵹ģΪǸҪܳʱ䣬һֱûʹãķԲ
޳ϲŶ˵̸ܽһʹõĻʤһЩ
޳Ļ϶ʱ¶һ˿Цݣ޳˵ҪҲ˰ɣɲƽĹĹֻҪѣҽһµʱܹգʣʱ䣬ɹġ
ƶ
ǵ˵ڶ졣
޳һȻһĹͽˡ
ĽʵĻ޳ϸֳһ˿ЦܹĹȫڷ컯Ȼֻ˷컯е£ɾ޳оǳļ׶ȫѡ
ܴ󿴼⸱Ծӣɵϸֳһ˿Ц⣬Ԥе޳Լ˴һȣΪ֮ǰ׼ûܵ
ˣڿʼʹðɣ
εķλͷţһ͸ĹȦڻյΧȦȻʵϵļӲ̶Ⱦ޳Ҳе𾪣˵ĺ֮£ǰ벽ǿֱӹҲֵסһΡ
˵Ϊֵֻزȫ֪淢ʲô飬ϻϢ£ȴĽ
ʱһʬҲեˣ޳ɫ˲ýΪڸղǾʬ屻եɵͬʱ˺Ͽմһ·ѾǵĶһ㡣


2196 
޳ûоеһŮˣ
Ӵ޳˵ԼҪǲǸڰĹ
޳仰ҲЩŮԻҪжΪǸŮδ̫ڲʡ
޳ŷǱߣʱ˿̵ŷʵҲϧûдﵽ񾳽磬Ǻ񾳽绹ܳһξ룬ⲻЩʧϾŷﵽ񾳽ĻܶԷôǿԼ߶һƴֻýеϣڻϣϣܹ״̬֮߳
ôڼ֮У޳˵ʵѾָ۷״̬ƴƴѡĻһЩϣ
еģߵŷߣŷģɻʵ޳˵޳㻹ûи˵Ů˭أѲݵһŮˣ
仰ոճһֲϢѹϣʵһǳϵϢ֪ĻΪǸļһҪԺӶأ
̾ըëӣ˲žͷϢڿУԼŮˣ֮ǰЦ˲ô򲻵һͨŮ˾Ȼӵôǿʵ
޳¶һ˿Цݣ֪ӼŮˣԻ鷳Գ֮ìܻûæ˵·һŮˣҲǻϵģȹҵҽ˵ˮ鱾ҵġ
ո˵仰оһϵϢѣһһ㣬ԶŻϢʧֻΪĻϵ
ŷﻺ۾ղ޳ĻѾˣϴŵ⣬˵û뵽㻹ǵ顣
޳֪ڷԼæЦ˵ҵȻǵãһпǶ㣬ôأ
ӿһһϲɵøֳһ˿˼Ц⣬˵ܴ䣬Сܴ˵쿴ƺ֮
ܴ󿴼˵ɵ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʾԼ
޳˵ӣһԼѾôˣǲ
޳ʲô

ո˵ֵʱȴԵŷݺݵصһۣϵɱ˲֡
޳а̾ĻӿڳԼǻ
תһ룬Ժ˵ᣬʵҪϵö࣬ټʵǿҶǳƺΪǰ
޳Ӻܴ󽥽ŵӣʱ˿аһûտһĻĻһ̻طӦνŷ

޳Ĵһʹתͷŷҧгݵ˵Ǹʲô
ŷһ˵ƾʲô
޳û뵽ϾȻ˶ŷ֮Ϊдһ˿棬ɵʵ˭ôƺ㰡Ѳǡ
޳ϴһ˿ЦݣԽթЦݣС˵ǲѣ
޳ŷԽţɫͨӣжԼ˵ľȻѾӽˡ
ҲǸеСľȣŷֵλҪҵһһǳףӦǸɲһ𣬿ΪʲôŷﻹǴ֮
ļܣ޳һ۾ͿԿó
ŷо޳Щ죬ɵôһ˿ָ˵ʲôϵֻҪҼסҪһҾͻɱһˣ䣬ߺߡ
ȻϵߵŮ˲ǣ޳ϴһ˿Ц漴͸ϡ
ŷվȻ̿һ׼ɽٵĻգ֮в¶һ˿Ľɫƽ״̬Ļŷｫһﵽ񾳽磬һΪŷȼԼѪڶѪ޸֮ϣûŷΪ١
ԽԽŷ￴޳һۣ˵ô죬ѲҪȻɣ
ŷ˵֮ſΧЩʬ壬֮дɫһŵ˵Щˡ
ŷۿЩȥʱΪʲôûʱ䡭ഫһЩаԴȡҲžͺӲɣ
֮ǰ޳Щ˷ǳΣȴû뵽Щ֮оȻаĹ
ӿŷ￴Լ񲻶ԣæ˵ǰˣЩʬûйϵˡ
ŷʱҲ޳֮ǰ˵ĻһԼѹ޳ģԼҪǴ뿪
ô죬ֱ뿪𣿡
ŷҪֱ뿪Ͼմﵽ񾳽һôûУܻһˡ
뿪޳Щ϶¶εɫ
ôˣ
ֻǲô򵥾뿪ģһԵĲǣ㣡
ŷ޳Ļʱüͷһ壬żѯ˵ʲô˼
һҪӦǷѪԲŻڽ˼鳤ƭֽ֮ƭǶ˶ͬһǵʵǿ󣬸ӹؼѪǿ󡣶ֶŮˣһĿͺˡ
޳ԽԼأúӵ֪ŷݣʬ嶼ѾեɣǸڰĹҪĻѡһĿһŷ
ֻҪŷԼ˵ߣζӲġ
ŷ･ѾˣԽ޳ٿԱߺ֪ˡ֪޳ܹػԼֵزѾ御ˣԼܲҪ޳һ
ɫذ޳˵֪Ӧôˡ
޳ɵһ£Ҳ֪ŷҪ˵ʲô
֪ʲôˣ
ŻգȽ˵Ļȥһ֪ǾġҲ֪Ǹһ﾿ôǿ󣬿Ҫ뽫ɱɲһ׵飬ҾԲô׵Ļóѵģ
ʲô˼
޳ɻʵϲ¶һ˿Цݣŷ˵òΪһ㲻ܰɣ
ŷ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ޳ʱ˿̣ѾǸɴŷˡһ͸¶ſ⣬˸޷¡
ԭ֮⣬ӺֲܴĿĲݵˣǼ磬ûҵ֮ǰǲ뿪ġ
ŷ￴޳ɻ˵Ҫ
ĸ˼ȻȲǿߣǼһǰ벽ĵزҪܣӦòһ°ɣ


2197 뻢Ѩ
ÿһ֮䶼źܴĿȣ벽ǿȻǿԶȴԶԶ۷ǿߣ޳ҪԸĻﵽŷ־绹żֿܣĻٶҲûʲôô
ŷǺεߣôֱ治˵ʵȻ޳ˣȴиеָˡ
Լ˼֮ʱҲͬһ˿ŵɫû뵽ԼȻһҲ˵˸С
֮⣬㲻Ҫκθ飬ֻûи˲ǿ𣿡
ʱŷﻹС仰ʱ򣬱εؼΪԼİˣԸһûиɱ¾ߡ
ǵǰʱ򣬾֪Щлѻƪȴ޷Լתġ
ʶ֮󣬷ǵûиӽӽ޳һߣ˵ˡ
޳Ϊŷǳжɵĸ֮ʱʱɫøŭԼͲӦöŷôõġ
һԵĺӿֱŤĵضܴ˵޳ʲôõģû˧Ҳؼ˵ΪʲôЩŮ˶һѷΧתأ
ܴŶʵĻϲɵ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ҿ˿ۣͿϻռҵСŮ˰ɣ
ܴͺӿνӰ룬ںӵ˽˽ԼԺӵɻһԾ˵ࡣ
УǸѾͷ
ȴδǰܹôһŮ㣬֪ɣ
޳ŷܴͺǰӦԵİ취ȴǸĳ֮⣬Ҳû취ֹˡ
ĸ˴ʱʵǸԶ
ܴΪصһˣܴıԣŷﶼеŷᶥײ޳ͺӣǶܴ˵Ļȴƴӡ
ҾȴǸһĵĻԸĿռ䡣

ܴ޳ɻͷ˵ûǷ˵ʵѾ۷ľˣղ޳Ҳ˵ˣûбǸһɱܹҵ˵ĻʤͻһЩ
޳˵ͷһ⣬ǸһĿߵŷĻԼ˵Ŀ궼ᷢıġ
˶ͬһ㣬ŷ֮⡣ŷʱԥϾ粻ˣŷĵˣ˵ʧٵʱŷǸʱ䣬ȴû뵽ԼȻҪȥȼ磬Ȼǳ˲
޳Ȼ֪ŷôˣŷʱӣܹµŷͼ֮䣬Ӧ໥ʶġ
ôˣ
޳ѯʵ
ܣ
ŷһ˿ŭɫԼͼ֮Ĳ˽֪ƫƫ޳ֱֲ֪ӽ˵ֻöܴһЦ˵ֻ취ĻǾôɣ
ΪԼѾصĺܺˣеĲԶ׼ܴЦһתͷ޳Ҫ޳顣
ǾɣǾʲôûеģ֮ǰѾ˸׳졣
޳̧ͷϿգǹͨ涼ŷǳʵ֮ǰ˵ս˼ң˵ȴûɶôƻ
ԼҪ뿪һȽѵ顣
ӺݺݵһȭǽϣܹǽɢһԵĲȴûжԱǽʲô𻵡
޳߽֮ͨУͨȽС޳ͷųĴɢԴ￪ʼʲˡ
Ӱȭ
޳һȣееԼȭͷ֮ϣһ޴ĺӰ͸һ޴ĴӺݺݵǽϡ
Ȼ޳Ȼﵽֵز
񲻽޳пһζ֮ǽȴɷֺδ𣬲ɵϸֳһ˿֮ɫ

һӺߴӿߵŷ֮ǰʶŷ֣һͿԽɱǿɲһǿҪֻ״̬µ޳ǿĶࡣ
ԺҪֵʱϴһ˿Ϸӡ
ܴܵǻϢɵѯʵǸʲô
ЦЦ˵㲻ҪߵͺȤ𣿡
˵꣬ٴ޳ŷϡ
ÿ
޳¶һ˿ʣȷǿ޳ڵʵûа취ƿ
ŷͨǰ˲䱻ӣ޳ʹû֮ͨ˴Ͳ󷨱һҫ۵Ĺâǰ֣漴âϵķŴͬһҫ۵ļ֮Щʧ֮ͨҲһ󶴡
ӿŻµҽͨɵĿ࣬Ȼ֪ŷǿ󣬶޳ŷʵҲмӣȴû뵽ǿ˵ز
Ͳ֪˵Щʲô֮Уֻʲô޷ֵɣ
ǿĺǿ󣡡
ĳ˵
ûд֮пʲôߣϾȻˣΪС֪޳಻٣ûпʽĿ֮
ܴ֮󣬵һӦǸпǿ󣬷ǲĿŷƺ뵽ŷݡ
ŷżҫ޳Ȼ˵߰ɣ
һԾǼ򵥵ľķΧ
˳ȥ֮һ˿
û뵽ȾȻǿѹҪ֮Ϊأ
ӱаµʱ䣬ǶбһȺΧǻͻȻɱĻǶֻҪɥˡ
޳Ӻܴľɵ¶һ˿Цݡ
˿Լλã￪ʼĻʱѾȵһˣĻ˵Ĵڣһ档
Ǳ˼Ĵ֮أǲûʸС
׼ǰʱͻȻһԵܴͣ½Ų˵ܴʱģ࣬޳ŷ˵ҺͺǱ˼ˣΥ˼ĴɣϣλҪ˵ȥκ˶Ҫ˵ñ˼֪ңҲֻдȥְһ·ߣ
ŷ￴ܴı飬ɵгˣ˼Ĵ֮һĴڣ˴Ѫϡ٣ϵˣЩһϡٵıѪӵһȺˣ˱Ű֮⣬ʮ꣬궼ûм˼ҡԼĻ˼壬֮ʵ̫̫ˡ


2198 
İɣ
޳¶һ˿Цݣ˵ô˵СˣûʸˣѾˣҪܵͷĻһֱӴ
޳һЦȫûнˣЩ˿޳ӣҲ΢ɼ֣һԵŷ
޳ȻǱ˼Ůһα˼зĻˣ
ŷﻹǲԸ⿴һĻģϾԼͼУԼȴͼŮ˹ϵУ⼧ĸŮ˼ֱԼڶ档
ߡ
޳һߣһΣԼôǵˣΪʲôͻȻֳ̬ȡ
ܴȴǽ֮Ļ֮˳˼Ҳ֪Щʲô
֮ǰʱȣԴ˳֮ûˣǹϢӰˣһжƾʧһ㡣
Ǿ׵Ŀû˸ܵİģǳΣգ˵ٶԽԽʲôûиܵȴǳη塣
ô
̾һ֮гԹޣԼܡ
ⲻ⣬ɢڿеѹʵ̫ǿˣ˵ˣҲЩ֧Ųסˣ
޳Ŀ˵ʱ˿̣޳ĶͷѾһϸܵĺ飬ͫѾŴܶࡣ
ȻʵԽǿˣԽеɣ˵ŷʱ˿Ϊɵıˣûʲôо
ŷҲе֣ԭΪʱ֮ŶϢȻþѹ
޳ǰߵʱһ޴Ľǰһ޴ķ˵񣬲ȴȫΧ˳ĻԪأ޷ڻֺ
޳۾űˣڤڤ֮һִ˲ֻһ̳Ķһʻ
޷ˣ
޳ԳķһпȻ˺ܶ鸽ķˣǽЩһķȣ֮ȴž޴Ĳָ߹ϢԲܹģ³ġ
޳ĸпϲɵøֳһ˿Цݣ˵̫ˣֻһѡ
ֻ޳ŷҲǸǽһ˿ɿ˵ֻǵ𣿡
ŷôһѯʣҲҿ϶ˡ
޳
޳˽ԼһӦΪܴ󣬿ǵͷܴʱܴȴһȵĳԼȥ·ԼʲôµĶ
ҲһǸ֮ʱɵѯ޳˵޳ʶ˭𣿡
ϷһˣǺɫͬѪȾһ㣬ֺϸСĻ·ȼղŻЧڶ֮£Ҫ͸ȥҲһƬ졣
ϲûɱ⣬ǰ벽Ϣȴȵؽ˸ѹƣȫ˿ڵȨͻᡣ
֮ǰ͸ӦһϤϢû뵽㡣
ƵɤЩ޳֮Ǹ˸е޳˵˵ҪθлأȻҴΪǿߵ
һһ˵˶ɫӺܴˣҲ޳һ˿
ŷʶ޳ҲǴʱ˿Ϊ޳ˣϾ޳һʼͺ֪˵ĴڣҲֱ˵޳֡
޳ǲʶһ
ѯʵ޳ᱳԼ޳пܺһǾʶ
ǣ֤ȷ£޳ҡҡͷ
Ҹʶ
ϷǸ˴¶һ˿Цݣ޳˱ģ˵޳ѵʶ𣿲Ҫˣ֮лҵ㶼˵ʶң̫ˡ
˵Ļ֮ٴαɫһǲ޳ϲʶһҪ֪޳ΪʲôҪ˵ѡ
Ҫ׷ʣȴܴ¡
ܴ֪޳ԼܣԼٸʵףǶԼ޳мĳܴһۣ˵ңҾòʶһһı壬ڴǧ磬ڵһֻǱһѡ

˲ɵøе죬Ͼɲһͨļһһʹﵽ˰벽ľ磬ǱΧѹƵ£ҪȫͷųӦôﵽ񾳽硣
û֮еһһַͨģҵ飬Ż֪޳ͷ̧۾֮дһɱĿһ˵ǲ

ܴͺʱɫ޳ǳսŸϸ˵޳ٻ޷ȴܹλڲ֮أһȺǿ߱ƵĴӴ飬Ȼһ¡
ŸҲûۿһĻ˿Ÿıܹ֪ôǿˡ
³޳ˣ޳Сѯʵ֮ܲһսȻ֮
˵ĺܽթֻϧ޳ˣƻҲеͨ
ֻҸոսһͷųᱻһɡ޳ε̾
ǰĺˣףΪʲôԱ仯ӣֻһѣȴһĸо
ôΪʲô
޳ʣϸֳһ˿Цݣ˵ȻҪΪˣȤĻҿԸһ룬ʵò˶೤ʱ䣬罫øǿɣ
޳Ļϲɵøֳһ˿ŭ˵һ⣬˼峤ҪķѪΪʲô
޳ʣͬǳֲͷɫ޳˵㲻Լ̫ܵҸ·һ·ǰߵǸŮ˽ңһ󷢴ȱ뿪ڶ·ǶҪˣûܹң
дǿϢü˵ԼĸˣһҲܽһܡ
ŷһ˿Ц޳ĻѾǳˣһԼȻ޳Ѱ·Ȳÿ˵ļֵܹ֮ϵָ޳ԼȻԲ˵ðա
ҲԼ뷨ˣԼѾ֪˴𰸣ѾȴΪʲô޳ڴҪ޳Ŀͬ
Ӧѡ
޳Ȼ˵۾ضȻΪʵϢȵؽ޳ѹƣ޳ȴɲ۾֮ûһη塣
Цһ˵·ʲô
޳˵㣬Ȼ󽫱˼峤ȳǼƽ뿪㽫Ϊҵһ


2199 ֮
޳Ļϵƶʱͷų޴˲ɢɽȣɽ֮⿴泡һԿ˵һĻ
һ޴ĻӿɽȵһߣһͬϾһ㣬Ȼδʮ㡣
˶۷ϵǿߣȻʢˣȴü˳ܲˡ
վԭأѾȫԼ֮дһ˿־壬֮ǰһǿȴȫ벻Ȼǿ˵ز
޳֪˼Ϣ֮Уɥʧ־ԼҲڲϵţһϵƶȻɢʲô˵ϣһᶼûеģ
ĻǼ˵ʵҪңɱˣ
һ޴ȨȳǰǸȨͨ죬ֵһ˲䣬޳ܿƵĻԪ˲½һ֮ࡣ
޳˲ѿ૵˵ôᣡ
޳ķ컯޷ƥĹڵҲ޷ﵽ־磬ĻԪȴƵı˺ܶ࣬ϵȨȣ·Ҫеİظ
޳ûпʲôߣܴȴֱˣǸȨȣŵ˵޳ǸȨ峤ģ
ȻǼģӦֻм籾ܹʹãȨУֻһԣǱǼѾˡ
޳ܹ뵽һ㣬ӺܴȻҲһ໥һۣ֮г⡣
һ˲䣬޴޳Ӵʱ˿ֻʣβͣβͱˡ
޳д󾪣֮ǰӵʱһѡ޳޷Լû֮ǰ֮Ϊ˱˼帶˶٣˳־
ǿΪ˱˼帶һУԼ
ˣ֮˿ûж˲裬һϷСӡ
޳дŷŭɫҪ֣һ۵СץסԼļþ޴޳¡޳ߵŷɻ˵Ǹʲô
Ƕ˳һ°ɣȻĻܹ뿪ǶҲһӵġ
޳仰֮󣬳Ĭ֪ŷʲô˼֮жȻ¶ŭ֮ɫҲ̫ʧˣĵҪȳǼȴˣԼûС
ŷ￴޳Ҳ֪˵ʲôá
޳ͬŷһоǺܿģϾŷһ޵Уֻϧŷﵽ񾳽磬˱Ҳ޷֡
һɵļįŷͷŷܵԼı仯ɵ¶һ˿Ц̾ôˣǸŮ˾ôˣһ
СӶѣ
һмϵȨһӣʱһɾ޴Ȩ֮ͷųΧлϵ֮У˱߻Уһᡭ
޳ӵ֮ʱɵ÷һֱ̫̾ˣ
̫ˣӵβһţһһϵǸֱӻںϣȴû̱ܴͣں洫һȣ͵ػںϣһ޴ڵ͵
𣡡
Ȼû뵽˵ϾȻĬ޷ʲô˺һβûʹȨȣǽһգΧ֮Ļϵ·ȫƿأһ˲޴ĻԪر㽫ӸȻ󲻶ϵС
޳ǻϵߣܹܵɾ˵ѹһըըľ޴Խһж١
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һŷﲢûֹ޳ϧ޳ٶȸ־Ⱥӡ

޳Ϣʢ޴ŭѾʧǣʱһһ㣬˭Ҳ˵һ仰ŷҲеη塣
ȻһĻȴ˵ԤϣܴȻǰȭͷϰž޴͵һȭӳ֮˲ɳȻ󽫲Զɽһ
ôᣡ
޳ȵĿǰһĻܴôǱߵ޳ûпǺõģɵ˲䣬ںϵҲʧˣʧ˲䣬¡һըӱըг֣Ѿָ̬Ըܵʲô˺
˵ܴһܲܿһ㣬֪֪ٲһҾҪˡ
ܴתͷ˵ѵòң
ƺֻص֮ǰӣûΪǸȨȵеģ޳ɵøеһ˿ʵܴΪʲôǡ
ڸղŽֵ˲䣬ǸܵȨ֮һϢǸϢ峤ģ峤ûֻ֪ʲô취Ȩƿضѡ
޳ɵ˿ԭһжֻһ־ѡ
޳ȴû˶иΪ鷳ֹ
޳ʧǸɽͻȻɽһ޴Ĺââ֮Уٴγ֡
ʱ˿һƶûУϾһΪǿߣֱӳܴĹҲ˿˺
ܴ󿴼һĻɵøеһ˿ԼķһȻһЧûУԼʲôô
޳ܹʱܴ˸Уתͷܴ˵ʣµľͽǰɣǶûɵ飬ɡ
ŷҲ˵ͷҪ˼壬ֻܴͺӶж˵ԼģԼôܹһԿ֡
޳ŷͬʱУϵĻԪط·ܹ໥Ӧһ㡣Ӧŷϵ޳е
ѲΪǶԭ򣿡
ŷܲԸţĿǰʵˣ޳ڻϵҪԼʤһԼϵĶ޳η塣
Ƕ˰󣬻ϳϲɵôһаЦ˵ǵʵȻǿһЩѲΪǶСܹҴ𣿡
޳üͷΪ΢壬˵һҪ˵ҲҪܣҪɱĲںǵĻֺα¶ӡ
츳ȷǵ񣬲ĿǰʵûͷųǱٴҲûʲôô
Ȼҵı壬Ӧ֪һŵˣҪҵĻҲһ𡭡
Ҫ˵ַϻҪʹ򣬲£ֱӽгǡ
޳ʱһӵĻȻҪйһ£֮˿ûаη壬ǿڳԣߵŷﶼһŷﲢû޳¶ɫʱ׼֡


2200 Ĭ
һƢº͵ǲҪõģȷһŵˣ˸־޳ԼҲǿģ޳˵ȻҪԼѰ˼ҾͲˣ
ɢϢϢͬһ㣬߽仯ɻӡ
Сһ㣡
ŷ޳˵޳ҲǸܵⶫǿ󣬲ɵɫ΢䣬֮жһĨżϾ֪ʵһμʱôǿѹ
ѹ
޳ͻȻ뵽һ⣬Ŀ磬ӡһȺʮǿѹŽѹƣô˵ĻҲһԲ޼ɵϾǽ⿪ԼȫԼ뿪
޳ʱһһ޳߷ŷ״ϵĳ˲һӣ
ͬʱһȣ޳˵޳﷢㶸ʲô취
Ĺ޷ֹĽŲҺôʱ޳Ѿѹһ곤ϲ
޳ķκ˺ǰ곤ȴûյһ˿һ谭ֱƿ޳ķ
⡭
޳ԼһƬѪ˿˲ɵסˡ
ŷԼֻԼѾɥˣ
뵽ˣ޳ŷ֮жһ˿л
ŷﲢ飬ǳߣϾ޳ԼĻôᷢڵһĻ
޳֪ŷΪʲôϲɵüһ˿ЦݣղƺѾץסʲôܣֻϧһ֮£Դٴ֮С
һڿתһȦͻȻת޳޳ִվԭصˡ
սꪳ޳ϣֱӺͺս˸ײһ޴ɢ޳ʱȥȴûյ˺곤Ҳ޷Ժսꪲ˿ƻȻҲ˺޳
Ȼ֪սꪵĴڣս֮֮зǶһ֮ɫȻ۾һֱںս֮ϣתơ
ܹӡ
̾ȫʢ״̬ҵõĻЩ˸ҵĶ֣䵽ֵز
޳ȻԼΪϲɫʱãϵ˲䱬һȡ
ʽ
Ŀǰ壬ǿʽûм٣ֻΪ޳ٵĶֶԼǿ̫ˣʽͬȼ֮޵УսԼǿĶ֡ŷǿĶ֣Ҫõöࡣ
ſгֵĺɫӰӻǾ޴ĺսꪣûзһ˿ûжֱվԭأ޳Ĺ
ֱǶ޳衣

޳һβٿԼϵаɺսʴԼһɫ˿޳֮֮ʱǹ֮С
أ޳гɫĹâ·ӱϷ仯һ߱ɱϢ޳ϴΧκˣŷͻкӵ˶о޳·һˣΪϢûӡǣΣոС
ΨһóߵЩ˲ͬĿԪܹ֮˷ǳ٣ǴѾ̤һ־磬һֻǿ߲ܲ͸ľ硣
Ŵʱ޳Ѿ֪޳ģʲôԭ򣬿֮ȴɴżּɵ˵ɿֲǣս֮ϵħҵܹѹƣ˵޳֮У޳˲ӣѲ޳Ѿܹˣ
һûдﵽ񾳽ˣܹǿаҪ֪һеǳ𾪡
˱̬޳Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôźãֻǴվ۾һֱ޳ϣ޳ÿһ仯
ϾȻʵˣ
޳ϲѾ޳ԼĶ֡
ΧȻǿһҲе˼飬ôǿһ߾Ȼ
ŷԲŹǧѷĻᣬϵĳӳһն·ܹնһ㡣
Ͼڱѹ֮Уûа취ӳԼȫʵԵܵŷĹ֮ʱɵûϳһɫĶƣ滹ףŷĹȫƵסһЧûС
ŷĿѾﵽˡ
޳Ĺŵʱ˿Ҳ
ɶ񣡡
һŭϵɢŽ޳Ĺ֮£޴ɢΧɽ嶼ݻ٣ȴֻ³һ㣬ûյôص˺
ŷɫ÷ǳѿڵѾָȴѾ޷ʹһĻǰ벽Ҳƴһƴ
޳ѾĿǰ״̬֮µǿȴһôûС
Ӧ˵һôûУǶ˵ĹɹĽˣ۾޳һ˲仹޳֮⣬һ޳ǰס޳ĲӣǺͮͮ˲޳ĲϷ̡
޳
޳˷ŭֱɱ޳ȴǿнԼɱأ޳ݺݵ˦ڵ档
һ֮Уƿ޳ݺ£ڵγһ޴ĿӶס
޳ڿУѾһ˿ѪȻղŵһ޳ɲٵ˺
ŷ￴޳ƾ취޳ȳȴû뵽֮Ȼ˾޴޳һ˲ͱŷﷴӦʱ䣡
ô
ǴҶ֮ǰǾӦ󵽻ֽ֡
ٴδŷ֣۳һֱӴŷ޴ĳŷըɳȥ

޳ŷɵͬʱҲʧˣŷе·ϳ֣һԲƿѡ
޳ٶǳģѾצǼӲɿݵצҪһҪǿûлŷֻǻᱻֱӶ
ŷȻǿһĻ֪ʱһֻͻȻץסԼ֣һȻԼķ·̷ı䣬ֱײһ֮С
üʱϵ
޳ŷѯ˵û°ɣ
ŷ˵ͷһߡ
⸱沢ûг̫ãֻмֵʱѣŷŭȼգм֣˵֮ǰ˵ʲôȻôƺң
һƺ
оǲУרĳƺ


2201 ĵ
֪Ϊʲô޳ͻȻһ˿ãŷſ۾ٴοŷʱ۾֮зǶһ˿ҡ
Ǹ̫ûûСˣǰ
ŷһ£Ͷ˶·Ҫ˵ЩʲôͶˣȴû˵ڡ

һһ󵶣֮ݺݵն¡
ŷǿ¶һ˿Цݣ޳˵Сһ㣬Ƕܹġ
޳˵ͷ񲢷ǿǿԶǱĵܡ
۳ɰܣֻƴһˣ
޳ûкŷкΪŷһ˽ԼģϾս֮У֮ĬԶԶܶһսͬ顣
ֻϧһ鲢ûа޳룬ԼǸ֮ǰһŷǰȻݺݵĻ޳ϡ
ŷȵǰŷӦҪֹѾˡ޳ݺݵǸ֮ϣѪܿ㽫һָȾ졣
Ǹ
ŷ˵֣ݣҪ뽫˵Ƿǳѵ飬ʱ˿̣ȴѿڶмŵĸ飬˵ʵ˶˵
ûŷֱӳ޳ȥһ˳һͬըһ㣬޳Ǳߴȥ
޳
ŷֹֻȥ޳޳ȻˣȴûԼվسĹ
޳߳һɫķ֣ڷ滹ǰôӺӺܴѧϵľԷƾЩ赲һǿߵĽ
ڻ潫޳ǵ˲䣬һǿϢͬõħӳһ㣬һռ
壡
Բ޳ȴǴ޳Ŀзġ
һĵֿߣֱվΧк˫Ѿڻı֮УȴûаҪ㿪˼
޳㾿Ҫʲô
һ£ʼˣѾܵ޳˼޳ľٶȴʱصĿܡ
޳¶һ˿ЦݣϿյ˵ҲˣڲûҪʲôֻ취ܹѣ
ŷҲ޳˵ЩʲôѾҪˣɱ޳ʱ˿̵޳Ѿ˺üˡȴһ㶼֪Ҫɱ
ŷϲɵøֳһ˿Цݣ޳ղ޳ǳɵʱȴʼ޳
Ȼʱǻȴһ׵ˡ
޳仰һǳжģĿǰ޳жЩ飬ȫ˼µķ֮ϡ
ҵͷų¶һ˿Цݣ˵ˣΪѾĿģϵ𣿡
¶˵¶һ˿֮ɫ·û뵽ῴԼĿһ㣬ʱ˿ҲֻоȶѣƺѾԤ֪֡
ŷһۣŷ˵ǰҵֵӣˡ
޳˵ȥԼ飬ŷ޳ĻȴӲɵһϴż˿ʧ顣
ǰ޳˵ӵ޳ǰ棬ϵĳ޻裬һһ㣬һֱ׷١
ҲŷŪЩͷ۾֮жһ˿׺ݵɫצٴγͣצֿŷĹ곤ɧţ֮ܶѾȫơ
ʵȷʵЩɱˣֻϧ㲢δﵽ񾳽磬ﵽ񾳽ĻҾԻüȥ
ֻŷˣŷ绹ûʱ򣬲֮Ǵźı飬˿Ϊû΢
ǾͿ
ŷξһ۽Σеġ
ŷ˲丽֮ϣһУΧĻԪؾǰתǿϢ·Ҫһջ١
ӿŴʱŷﲻɵΪסܴļ˵ⲻǡ
ܴ˵ͷ˵Ȼ޳ݣȻĿģ˾;װ֪ɣ
ӵ˵ͷǻǴżЦݣ˵ʱ޳ŮҲͰˣƫƫЩŮݻûһͨġ
ҲΪˣ޳鷳ϰ
ܴ̾˿֮˳˼·ڿ޳ЩŮ˵ס
ǼҲƣϾһǿߣҴңѰ·
˾ûʱ䣬ŷ㱻ӿд£һ˿ֲУһЦ˵ȻôϲҾͳȫ㣡
ۿҪŷϣŷǱɣֶͬʱ޳µı֮УͻȻһɫĹâ֯һǿĹʱ˿ȴȫʧ١
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޳Ǳ߿ȥֻ޳ϴŵЦݣ֮г˵ɫʱ޳ʱѾһ룬ȴûһżɫ
һΪ֮ʱֳΧһ޲ŷҲˡ
ȻŷǲҪڱ˼ޣͬǷѪȴ޷ֿ
񾫴ѪѲķˣ
ŷ￴֮²ڻıȻǳһϸСȱڣȴ÷˵֡
ѹôЩ꣬Ϊʵʵû뵽Ȼ˿֮ġ
ڿ۳ķӰԣǰһڱһٳܹѵôǿΪһˣֻҲֻзһˡ
Ȼû뵽޳Ȼܹô̵ʱ佫ڻ޳ʱ״̬֮ʱɵøеǲ죬Ϊʱ˿̵޳ϲûйŵЦݣҲûкͷվΪһӣĿĶԼ·лҪ˵
޳˽Ȼȫ棬޳ͬʱϲɵøֳһ˿Цݣа̾޳Ȼƽһ飬ҲΪ뷨ŻڵɾͰɣ
ȴû̺޳˵תͷŷˣϴһ˿мԷ˵ֻǷĴ֮ѣѵΪܹң
ЩĻɵøеȣ˵ĳڸеһ˿ϣǿɲϣϣոճ־ͱʧ
˷һЦȻдűģȴǷǳöҪСң


2202 
㲻ҪСңҪСߵˡ
˴һ˿˵ҸһλᣬԹԵĽԼӡҲϣǶ˱Ĺϵ鷳
û˵ʲô˼ϵϢȴܶ࣬ȻԷˣҲû㹻ġ
Ĭһʱ䣬Ȼʱ֮У˺ܶණյĽϵϢٴͷų˵ò˵ղŵȷҸסˣ״̬֮£Ǵ򲻹ҵġ
䣬ȫûһԤףͺѿһ㣬һƬ˲ӿ
ŷܴͺֻѸٳط޳ʱ޳ȴվܹһڻϣûа㲻ʡ
¶ɬЦݣЩ޳Ǹ˴㲻ȵǿ޳ڱ˺֮䣬˸¡
ȵĿ֮нĸеʣ¶һ˿Цݣڵӡ
֪˰ɣֻһִ֮ѣȽ֮£ҵҪһЩеƶվߣ㻹ôս
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޳ϴŵЦݣԴʱѾ¶ɫ˵֪֮ƴǰͷųΪ˴㣬ҺĿͬ˵ĵ˾ѣ仰ܸ֪ɣ
ǸĿе޳һĶ޳ɱ⣬ΪԼ޳֮䣬
۲޳壬Ź۲룬ԽԽеȡ
ϾȻ˺õʣֱû뵽ҵôãȻ֮ˡ
¶һ˿ЦݣԱ˵û뵽ΪȻ֮һ˵Ҷ޳˽⣬ңֻһѡ˵֮ˣߵʵﵽ򾳽磬Ѿ֮ˣֵزһ˵
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޳¶һ˿ЦݣԼˮϵͷųˮϵȻϵǿ󣬿Ҳžġ
ҲеһԾĲ޳Ϊ޳תмȻûаͣ١
޳ԽԽеȣɵѯʵӵˮ˫ϵ
޳ҡҡͷϴһ˿Цݣ˵ֻϵյȫϵ
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֪޳һʮ꣬ȴĿԽһ罫ˣûжٳɣ㽫Լһ޳֮С
޳ʱܵһ֮ɢԼֻǿṩԼݶѡ
ԭŷӵе
޳ϴЦݣĸоٴν״̬һΣûгɣֱӳǱ߳ȥ͵һȭͷӳһ޴ĺӰ͸һоɫ˲ʧ·𻯳ɿе̻ȻСɽȴȻը޴ĳȻɢɽȶζ
ŷʱɫΪʱ˿̣޳ΪһʵͳˣΪĿǰʵ۷ľڲԼĵˣ񿴼޳ʵȴܵˡ
޳һΪԼͬɷӳʵȴԶԶԼŷûָԼܹ࿹⡣
Ҫ޳Ǳ˼ˣЩ˵ƺǱ˼ŮԼŷΪ˼ҵ峤ʱԼһĿһ֮֮ͱ˼֮䣬Ȼһս
ŷ¶ΪѵɫߵܴڿԶս޳Ȼദʱ䲻ȴʼոԼһʵС
֮ǰִˣûԼݿˣ˭ԼøУֻ˱֮ˡ
վҪ뿪ȴӴԼ󺰵ǰ
ŷתͷΪͷĺӣ֮¶һ˿
ǰԵټ
ϵЦݣһζĻŷⲻɵŷһִƺ֪Լݡ
ŷͷһԵټƮȻȥ
û뵽˵峤޵оȻôһŮӣʵȻǿ󣬿Ǻɱ˲գ۵ħͷҲ̫Զ˰ɣ
ܴӵĻɫʱ÷ǳѿݺݵںͷһƣ˵仰ҪˣϾܼʶʲôħͷˡ
ܴܵսתԺ˵ҲûǲֵĿռ䣬ҲֻᰭְţȥĻǰǰ
仰˵ͷ˵ʵҲ޳սನڶ˶ǲСвЩָᷳоˡ
һߣ޳˫ãôʱȥ˭ҲûռϷ硣
޳㵱Ҫô𣿡
ԼѾûʤǰ޳˵֪޳ڣ˵ڱѪ֮ӵΪշѪ㣬Ҫﵽ񾳽Ҳһ£ʱͿԴﵽҪôĻҿ԰㣡
֪޳һôǣ˽޳ȴ˽޳˾޴֮£κ˶ᶯģٳڣֻҪ޳˼΢һ£ܵõʱ򡭡
ǣ鲢ûչǰ˿ûΪԼĻı޳¶һ˿ŵɫ
޳ΪǿߵĻǰ㻹ԥʲô
޳ҡҡͷϸֳһ˿Ц˵ҲûԥֻҲĻѿɣһʼ֪Ļ̥ﻹҪ
޳һȣʵĽ޳֣޳ʱʵ޾Ѿﵽ۷ľ磬ųȥȻߣûü޺Ȼը޴ĳ˲ȥϵǸҲزһ··ĳ֣ƺʼ
޳Ҫɱ㣡
ٴνǸȨȼҲ֪ʹʲô似ڶݵ˲䣬ΧĻԪضʱʧ޳֮ǰָоٴγ֣һжԴϵȨȣ


2203 
޳֪Ȩȵǿһʱ֮ҲóȻǰۿԼϵϢԽԽأҲ¶˿֮ɫ
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޳޳Ե˵ͷѾܵʯǿôС
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ȥҵĴ֮ʯܹ֮Ϊ˷ѪЩѪ֮ҵľţһëʹñϵĻӦÿԽƿ
޳֮¶һ˿ϲɫһһ˲Ϊ֮ʹóٶѾﵽӽ޵״̬ռ䶼·޷ܣ𲽺ֹͣĵطԵĿռѡ
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һ֪޳ٶȣһʧȥҪ޳Ͽɾϼˡ
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֮һ˿ŭȻ޳ѾĵߣȴûϳֵЦݣ۾޳˵ΪܹҴδҲ̫ˡ
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ｫ˵Ĵ˵޳֮вɵ÷һ̾ȻˣĺԼһģһϾǱӵΪѪ֮ȨѾˣҲ޼ƿʩġ
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޳ʵϾ˼磬ԼͲܶɱ֣ϾÿһιǴڼϡ
绹Ǻĸף޳ɲʱ򣬸Լϡ
Ψһİ취ֻ㽫ܣȻѰһҺ˵壬żͳǶʱйĻǴɢٴγΪ״̬
޳ɵõ˵ͷ˵ǲģһǰԼܡ
޳ǰǿҲûеס
˵Ĵ֮һôǾȻ޷Լﵽ񾳽磬ȴԼֹʹȥ
Ŀǰĵ޳Լ֮еĴ֮
޳˵ͷ˵ǰ׼ˣҲ֪ʱܹᡣ
޳˵ɵõ˵ͷ޳˵ľǣһῴ׼֣ҲҪסһ飬ʱ˿֮еʧȥҵĻֻܼӵʱ䣬Ҳ˵֮ڣӳǿһ
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漴ϢԼ֮ʧ·ԼȫΪһˡ
޳ڵ⸱ģϲɵ¶һ˿Цݣ޳˵ﶼˣ㻹ǹԹɣ
ҲôļᶨϾ޳ǿȻֻ۷ľ磬ȴԿ⣬ȥҲ֪Լǲ޳Ķ֡
Ѿˣ޳ϴŵЦݣǸȨΣԼҲźսꪣսꪵǲѷɫκģ
޳֮ϵȻģ۳ǸֱΧĿռ޳ʹóʽ״̬ʹÿʽľ˳̶
ײһ

Ӻܴٴγڵع֮УǶ˿ŲԶͻƵĻգʱյϢȶȻ淢սΪ󷨵ĴڣڵعӰ첻󣬿ɾڴʱӶ˵ɫȻ仯һĪΣոȻҲ֪ʲô飬һӦ͵վ̱仯ɱ״̬ǵ޺һ㻤ڻϡ
һǿǿ˲ɢֱҪΧһȫһ˲䣬عѾʧһ룬Ǿ޴ƻӶǰ治ʮͣ
ܴһò޳Ƿİɣ
ܴŴʱȣѾ޷ٳ֮ΪˣΪ޴ɽ֮Ե˴ܻƵĴɽ˲ʧԲٹѾȫƽףԼطǳһǧ׵İӣӵıԵԼվط
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޳ϱȽǱ·ò¶·Ǿ׳ļ⡣
ĺѾ֧飬ǴӰҲ֣Ȼ˿ǸһĪϤС
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ܴһжΪ˱˼룬뷨ǸӴ⣬ϾǻүүƾһԼͲӲܡ
޳˾ţͷϵĶѾ飬¶۾۾ȻƯɢϢ޳
ͻȻ޳Ц
ܳ죬Ѿþû˳ĸоˡ
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ҲаֵԵʣֻ޳ԵĽţ֮£޳˷·ȫʧ˱ԣɢֻ֣Ǿս
Ƚ֮£ʱ˿ĴҪ⣬ͬһ޳Ǽɵ޳ʵԼȲԶˣԼȴóȻ
һӣ
޳п˵ܹ㣬ҵùңҲԼù


2204 ͷһ
һȻ׼һˣڿзӿһֵӿг֣޳üԼӵĻһеȣΪʱģԼھͶϲ˶ս֮ʱһģһ
ô˵ҲݺߣֻҵһҲ׾ٵ顣
еͣ޳֮ǰͬǣ֮ǰ޳޷ֻܿԼΪǿԶ޳𺦾޴󣬿ɴʱ˿ȴһģ־Ȼʲô
޳Сһ㣬ʱ׼ȥõʱʱֵĻԺҲûлˣ
޳仰ɵõ˵ͷһХԼڻһ۷֮ǿߣһҪʱ
һɺ嫵³޳ǸеļɵֻǱһӣֱӱ
޳Ҫ㿪ȴͻȻԼѸʧȵؿſһĨ⣬֮д֮ɫף˵ʲô
ѲҪԼɱ
һʹ뷨޳ܲԸ飬Ŀǰʵƺˣеע޳Ҳͷŵ⣬ʱ֣Ȼܹߣ޳ҲΪʧȥ
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Ϊʲô
޳зһૣûн˵̫󣬱ϾԼֵԽˣԽݺԼǸ˸е⡣
޳Լĺȫһ˸ۣǱԺҪκˡ
ȻҲû뵽תǲŹģϵȻӴܹ˲佫һ۷ǿ߻ɻҽ
޳ѾԼĻһ㷴ӦûУϲɵ¶ЦݣҪּı˵ȻˣҲϳôһǿߡ
һдżεĶ˵ҪҺ㵱һ·ˣҶ޳ȫȲѣʵʵ̫ǿˣһ֮˵ĳƱػ֣֮ŻѰɣҲûоĻ֮սȴеĿӦɣ
˵֮ٴο޳֮ʱ֮гΣȴûкڡ
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ȻǱżˣȴûһ˿ֻţ·֪顣
޳˵ĴŴˣ֮ǰӦҵãٿԲܿ࣬ҲܵƭϧѾˣҾˣ
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޳֮дһЩʱ䣬֪޳ǱǶô޴һжӵУպֻº޳ֻ಻١
¶һ˿ɫͬѣԼֺαؽ޳ݺ
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Ĺ֮Уܹܵһıƽ޷ܣʧǱ˵ģ뿪޳֮֮еֻάӡ
ǰ޳˾ǵʱ޳ȴͻȻ۾ǺͻΪһ۾·ĿһԣӦ˵Ǹʤһ
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޳뷨ȷģ컯ǻϵϵĹ޳ܹеգҲ޳Ķ֡
޳һǿд򿪷컯ʱ򻹼£ԴǱըһ㣬޳ԸԼڷ컯ǿ֮С
޳¶Ľ컯򿪣һ˲䣬ҳ̸ͬ޳֮С

޳һҽУôңеԽңϵЦݾԽ֪޳Ѿֿˡ
дһ˿Ĳ̣µҲûа취ϾڵĽȫһɵģĲǽ޳ȳǾܽɱΪ˼䡣
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սꪳ޳ǰΧӴȫ޳գȻ޳壬ӡںս֮С
ȫɫһĻ˵ôܣ
ʵˣڱ޳գȴ޷ֹ
￴޳壬޳ΧǻϵȫһУȵĻϵգ·һҲ˵ӡ
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Ȼܹĳʱ˿޳յֻлϵҲ˵ʱǰȫġ
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ԶĺӺܴߵľг𺳣޳ʵٴν޳һΣϴЦݣ޳ɱȻһ飬Ϊ޳еģǿ޳ɢɱ⣬ɫȴʱ仯
ı峤޳Ӧò֪ɣ
ӴԱ߾˵
ܴŴʱ޳ӣг֮ɫ˵޳峤֣


2205 ֻҪɱ
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ܴ¶һ˿Ц䲻ӣ޳ģǼǺĸףƾһ㣬޳ӦòԼ֣ڡΪʲô
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￴޳һԼɢűɱżֿ־Ķ޳˵޳ʲôҿǡ
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޳¶һ˿мؽڼĲ֮ϣȻ޳ǽɱˣҲԱʲôӰ죬ȻѡԼͼ磬ȻҲ뱣ס˼ĴС
޳ʱѾǳƣ룬Щ˽ᡣ
ĺϣѡʱֻܹлһĻôģһкΪ㡣
޳һһ䣬ͬڱУʱг˺ڣһ˿ңԼ޳֮ǰָԼǿߵʵ˲Խ޳ɱ
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Ǳ˵ĻСѻᱻ֣ǰ޳Ѿһôٴϵ
޳һһڼϣ޴˲ݻټ֮еľǿߣҲٶʱڻָ޳ġ
ʱԶĺֺܴҲ˹ոյ㿴޳һڼϣɫ˲࣬ӾȵĿ޳ѯʵ޳ڸʲô
޳תͷźӺܴϵŭ΢Щղŵ˵㽫޳ֶξȻ˵ӣ˼ɫرѿ
֪˵ݣ޳ǰʱ򣬼˵޳£Ҫıɱ˼峤
ҲǻŲ·ֻǵǱ˼ˣȴǶǺ޳֮ŹĽ顣
￴Ŷ޶ԣɵɫ΢䣬Ŷ˵ʲô˼ѲҪѱ˼岻ɣ
ȫûתͷ޳ʵ㲻ɱ峤ɣ
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ܴ֮Щԥ޳Ѿ¶ĵ̾һû˵ʲôתͺ뿪
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Ϊһ峤ʲôûмʱȴһĨŵɫȻڵĴе£رԼǰˣϲɢɱла죬һҪǡ
ԼҪʲôŮǿ˵ϳֻ֮̿ɫ˵㵽Ҫʲô
㻹𣿡
޳ûἧ磬Դӱ뿪Լ˲䣬Ժ֮бԱɱѾ˵Ǽ磬ֻҪ޳˭ҲֹĽŲ
еͻȻԼΧĿһŮ˵Ϊ˻ôУȻѾﵽ񾳽磬ܹõУʵøǿ
Լ֪˭ȴףΪʲôǰո̤۷岻õСӲη塣
޳㲻Ҫ̫֣֮ǰȷˣ˼ôǿҪʲôԵõֻҪŹҡ
㲻֪һ㣬˼ҵУΪʲôһҪҪеǳ𣿡
Ѿ޳ƣ޳Ůˡ޳Ȼո磬ȴĻմùϵһճΪǿߡŷһŷֲǷ˶ˣֻҪ޳ѰԲӲ֮ܶ޳ɱȷֱı˼ǿˡ
Ȼ粢޳˼Ϊ˼Ѿ޳ˣ˫Ŀ֮дžɫݺݵؿ޳˵㵽˭
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ͷϵ޳ɲܼʲôݣһѵֱüסûиôԼ˵
Ҳʼˣڼ֮вҲء޳ϸֳһ˿Ц˵ãѡ񣬼ȻҪ֮УҾͰɱô죡
˵꣬޳һżȥʧȥļ޳ȫ޳˿ʹС
޳Ĳӣɫࡣ
ԶĺӿһĻϴһ˿Цסŭܴ˵޳Ȼĵȷ𣬿峤ģ峤֪ǰӦûԭ޳ɣ
ܴӵĻϲɵóһ˿Цź˵Ϊ峤еģǶ޳ģȻɱ峤ǾͲӦĥ峤ģӦ峤һʲôԸˣ޳ɣ޳ǺСˣǱ˵ԭ޳ɽܵ裬һӱֻµʱ޳ܵģ
ӴҲ˼ֶΣɵñɫ
޳Ӵ󣬼ĲۻǰĲһһӡ޳ôֱҪѪ
Ǻ޳üעջ޳Ӯˡ
޳㾿
ɱ㣡
ֻһ֮Ҫɱң˼塭
Ǳ˼˵£޳¶һ˿Цݣ˵ǲǴӼʮǰʱͿʼѹ
޳˵飬дһ˿ɣΪ޳Ҫ˵ԼͣӶԼĹȻˡ
޳һţѾش⣬ϲɵ÷һ˿Ц⣬ʵ⼸ʮʱûĴУɳǿߣ˼ɴڣɼĴڿпޣ𣿡
޳仰һ˶֮ٴη仯һģһв
޳Ҫɱң֪ģﵽ񾳽磬ҲԲұĶ֣ȷҪһǿĵںڻü
ֻҪɱ㣬ʲôں
޳˵ֱ˵κ档
һ޼ƿʩˣ彥شӼ֮зڿγһ޴ķӰȻܹñɱȴһûУ޳޷


2206 Ů
γڿУ˫۾¶޳Ŀ־壬޳һЦͬҪһ㣬һ룬޳ͻȻŷǿ֮º޷֮תۼǷ˵Ӱʧȫ޳֮С
㡭ȻǱ˼ĴУ
ŵĿ޳޳ʹ飬ȴҶ޳֡ΪղѾᵽ޳ϵɱˣҲٳһΡ
޳ȱ֮ǰڼ̬ȣȫΪԭѾˣԼȻǶԼ̬Ⱥһ㣬Ͼһǿߡ
ӺܴܵսѾֹͣܿϵǿѾָǣʱϲ⣬ڼǰ˵峤
ĿŶˣû뵽˼Ҳ
һ˿ɫ˵֮ǰ
Ӻܴ໥һۣ¶ɫ
ʱָֻΪһŮİһ˵˶һԹսҲ׷һǱҪ
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˵仰֮󣬱Ϊ˻ԥִУȴû뵽㿴ңҿ㣬һ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ɵòһ˿Ѳܴͺʶ֪˵ģԼȫ񵱳ԼĶκ˻ᱳԼǶҲԲᣬΪʲôǻ¶ɫ
һֲõԤУԤԽԽǿңź˵ôˣ˵ɱˣѵû
һЦԼ˵峤޳ݡ
ϸֳһ˿ŭɫ˵Ѳ
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˭еŭܴͺ֪Ӧô죬ֻ໥һۣ¶εЦݡ
֮󣬼ٴο޳дżɣ˵С𣿡
޹Ӻ֮źĽ飬СĺãҲǿģ峤ǷŹ޳ɣ
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ʵܴ֪Ըڼ߿һϽӼ̤ϼ֮λʼһֱڱϸ磬ʱ䣬ԸȻ˽ġ
ԴӰ֮ǰĿһֱǣź񺣿ܹ˵һ£ԽһìܸɢĴ¡
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ߣҪԭӦý֮еջȥʲôв𣿡
޳¶һ˿ɬæ˵ңֻѾһ˵ʹˣվҲǿ֧ţǰһЩʱ䡣
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Ȼ޳֮ǰһ֡˼Ѿƿءܴͺı֣ƺǼٻ
һĪΣڼͷа̾СˣҲڱ˼Ϊ
ôԸ޳պ֮ơ
޳ҲȽϾ֪һʲôˣһѡʱԼ֣޳ǼĶ֡
ԵԺͻɫ֮вɵ˿еĴʯͷڷˡ
ȻеɵĲֻ޳޳ߵĺܴһ޳֣Ƕ˼мȫ
֮Ĺϵڻ޳ˣѯʵǰǱû°ɣսǿһֱĻӰ쵽Ǳߡ
ܴһΣȻ֪սĿֲǾӦñܿǱս
м䱻ݻٵģҲǱܵĳֻನѣĹֲ޳
ãΪǲµķ֣ӦöԻղʲôӰ졣
֮ĶԻ˵ôҲ
ǸŮΪһеĻղûʲôøУûյʱѾȥˣֻһ˼ҵķѡ
ܴͷ˵һζ˻ǰǣǽ˼ܣͻƵ񾳽磬޳սʱǶ˶ڰջ
ʲôŵ˵˵ͷҲҪﵽ񾳽磡
̤۷ľԶԶȼ糤Ķ࣬һͣǼʮ꣬ûͻƵϣΪʲô
еڻ飬˵ȥһΡ
ܴ˵ͷ˳ŻǱ߷ȥ
¶ĵعϲϣ߻ӨӨâ޳Ϊ̫ͣڻմʱ״̬˽⣬һܹܵǻϢȫһңڳ
峤ô
Ҳȣڻմﵽ񾳽ɣڿȷˣղﵽ񾳽磬ͻƵٶҪԶԶԼֻ´ﵽ񾳽ȶʵᳬԼ
ܲ
̾˵û뵽ջֻԵȻʱͻһٽ㡣
޳ô˵ڻյĵҲϾҪ㣬񾳽ĿɽǱزٵġ
Ҳ޳ֵ̫ԣ翴޳е֣ɵѯʵͻôʶģ
˵ҲģӦǴ˵еĲʶɣ
޳Լ˵ͻսһһȫһһ˵
ɫѿ޳ڸߵˣǱ˼ˡ
ͬһе´޳룺ѲɻͻΪ


2207 ֮
ѲɻͻΪ
翴޳ֻһëͷСӶѣ뷨˲䱻
޳ҾͲƽϣʵҲָһЩܽڵջ𣿡
޳˵ͷ˵ĹϵѾ˺ܶ࣬Լٲż磬ֻ»á
ǰ
ʲô
羯ؿ޳Ӻܴ޳۾֮жһ˿
޳Цһ˵ڿûа취ս֮ڵȡҪӴС
޳˵֮Լ֣ü罫ִԼϡ
֮дżŭȻԼ޳֮仹һԼϾҲһŮˣ޳ôܹôһŮ˵֡ƽʱôǶԺҲһǲʵ⡣
޳֪Լۣܵ罫ַԼϵʱĴвǱϵֺ䣬һĪů
ԴĿż磬˭֪ʱļҲ÷ŭȻůһ޻һ㣬ɫȴһ꺮Ŀ޳˵ʲô飡
޳ͷ֮еȫȻ޳еСǵԼ֮󣬱ȫΪʵĻظҲкô
Ϣһᣬ޳ŬָԼҲ޸ԼľΪ޴ʹУĶͷϳһϸܵĺ顣
ʹԽǿңж޳͸ޣϾ޳ĻԼҲ³
˶ܹ֮󣬼˱㳯žȥ
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ڷĴſţ۾Ŵ⣬żɫ
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ʲôû˵Ҳ֪ˣɫøѿͲ԰ףڱԼ׵ĻǰҪֳһصӡ
ǰ޳ûټ

ȱݻٵ鲻Ĺ򴫵˾ѾûıŰٴοʼ˷ˣһξҪֱӱȺ֮λ
˻֪޳˵٣͸¶ǵıŰȻ֪ģŰǰ֮ϱ˵֮ɫ
һ̤֮Ϊ˻÷˴УϾǱżҲܹõ˵ĴУҪƷͻܼˡ
ǵ֮ȴûпеķˣȻͬǰ벽ǿߣȴҪԶԶǿֿ֮ûС
Ҳʱſʼչļƻ
ڱŰ֮У漯˱Űĸİĵƹ֮£ÿһ˶Եа
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Űڰһִٳɻ˼֮ϵȻ֪˼Ϊʲô
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˵ͷ漴һͬһ㣬ʧռ֮УȻʧˣϢȴ
Ӱɱ
Щ˵Ǹʧ֮һ¶֮ɫӰɱ֣·ͬһ㣬ͷ
Ű¶һ˿ЦݣЦݿȷʵĺݶˣͻȻŷɱ⡣
Ѿôˣ֮ڣһҪ׼ü̳峤ʽһӦ֪ǾߵӰɱɲԸˣżһЩҵԼˣҲǿƲסϵɱ
Ű仰˵֮󣬱ת뿪һȺ㿴ҿ㣬һ¶ЦڱŰרǸŭԡ
޳ͼȻѾԷУΪʱԵʣܹٶҲô졣
޳Ļֵز𣿡
ľûȫָϾǿҲʹòΪһǿߣѾܹռ䣬ֱӿռصģ
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޳γϾͻصߣڵǼ˺ȣȻܹУٶȷǳӺֻܴӶ޳ҲֻС
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һ·޳ͼ֮ûٳܣ⼧ݹȻ󣬿޳ȴһףϾ֮ǰ޳Լôֵ飬绹ûа취κε
һμˣ۾ݺݵؿ޳ʱ˿ʵŸոմﵽ۷ľ磬ʵϸ̺Ȳ޳οʱ޳˽⣬˵޳߷ô֮󣬸Ȼʱ޳ΪһȺ֮Сģ޳ҪԼ֣ǿ˭ס
붯ʰ޳еĽ޳ŭֻѵ޳˵ߣ˲Ҫߣȥÿ֪û£һᡣ
ʵҲ޳룬޳ȴɺ֮дһԥ˵ǣˡ
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޳һЦ˵ôأ
һ˵֪ͺãǶ۷ΪҵʵҲڲӣܹܿ㣬ûʲôõĵġ
޳źӺܴҲֱ飬ǲǿ޳뿪ǲҪ޳ͼ֮ٴˡ
޳лǳ˵ģϾ뿪֮ʱֱ˼ͻ˼սȻЩ˵ĿԼˡ
˳Ż˳˻ٶȣ㲻þͻᱻЩ˷ټ
ܴ֪޳ĵģ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ͷĺˣȻҺͺʵǿ󣬿Ǳ峤ȫǻܹ쵽ģɲҪС߰
ܴٿЦοЦ˵޳뿪ˡ
޳˵ͷתѸ뿪ڽ׸֮޳ٶȿǿˣһ˲Ĺʧȥ޳Ӱ
Цһ̾˵һǿ󵽱̬ˣȴÿԵĶյ͸


2208 ϲ֮
ʱı˼嵽ֵϢ϶ЦݣЦ֮еĵЦеֻһЩЦ
û뵽ǵֵزΪǸ޳֮ᷢһЩı䣬ȴû뵽ȴٴμ˱Űٶȣһ±˼Ǳ뱱Űˡ
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Ҳ˵ﲻֻһλʽһһʽ
˻û˵꣬Աһ˱㲹˵
СֵԴϲ˵˭˭װ
ͺ
ˣЩǲҲôģǱѾ޳ϵһֻȻ֫ϣΪ޳ϵ⣬ϣֵֻľȫϵˣ޷ս
ʲôϵ
𣿱ŰĶѾˣΪ˷һΪ׵ıŰȻ󡣲ⱱŰǹ̰ģԼһ˼ˣȴҪӭȢһһҵĺţ۲ݰ
˵֮۾Ÿղѯ꿴ȥɵô֮ͻȻоһ䣬ʵһ̹Ǻ紵һ㣬ٴοǰ꣬ȴָղŻ˵ģȴȫӰ
ڱ˼֮ڣῴѾһװĺż˵㣬Ҫô𣿡
˵ͷ֮дżᶨɫԻ˵㲻֪޳һˣĿʱô˼ȴһֱڼ޸˵ϣȻұ֧޳ȴЩʣлҲһ±޳׵ζˡ
ῴź֮г˵ǣǺѾһ㡣ܲĴȴвĿźԼ𺣣˵޳Ѿˣô㰡
¶һ˿ЦݣԴЦݡ
ǲ޳ģ˶ΪʱȴϵĻ
Ȼû޳Ϣ֪޳ûϾ޳ˣԶľҲеʹڵôɡ
ȷ֮ĸ飬ź޳ȻҲ͸ˡ
һߣŰżֻɵ̬ȣѯǰڸ·Ů˵˵ĶģǱڹԹԵĻױ·
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˱Űһţ֪δ·ˣϵĶͻȻڵϰһϾڱŰǰֲǿҪġ
Űûߣ۾֮г˺֮ɫƺ˼Ϊʲôô
͵شһָһͺ߽ıΣѯ˵Ǹ˵Ļ𣿡
ܣ֪ΪʲôʵʵķӰ𣿡
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ֱǰΣ޳Ѿˣôأ
Ű֮ЦݣϵɫҲΪ˶ϾиͷܱܾԼǿԼǿñ˼ĺ˺ԼһĻȥʡ
ӰɱٴʧӰɱһʧĻеϵһʬ壬Űŵһ˿ѪգϷһߣĶߵ˵ϵѪɾҲϣ쿴ѪֲĶ
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ڣҪʼˣΪȽϲִ٣˶Ǿˡ
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ںԺ֮У͵һȭϣһСûʲô޴ʹ໴УʹٺݣҲ޲еʹ
ڱŰʱΪϼŮˣȴû뵽Լĸ׾ȻԼ
֮ǰһɢڶ಻ӵٴξۼڱߣô˵䶼ǱŰΨһĶӣĿǰΪֹԼҪͱżҴùϵͱӱŰ֡
үȫõģ˺СȻǵòˣС㰡º͵ĻῴҲһһҲǰֵܼĽˡ
һ˿м˵ǵȻӵŮֻкһֻѣһҪúĥ˭ǺҵܹΪᣡ
˵仰жʱͷų׺ݵɫһͷҰһ㣬ȻֱϣʵѾָˣڵľ޴ʵѹ֮£һȺ򾳽ߣһɫ֮¶һ˿⡣
˱үǸ޳Ƕôǿߣǲ󣬲Ϊȴ
仰һ˵ˣ飬Ǿڱ֮ǰ˵޳֡
˵޳ʱܵһٱЩӡǷǳ̣˵֮Ծ롣
һαıȴ˵Ԥϣ䲢û¶һ˿Цݣ˵޳ȷǿֻ̫̣˭ңǱżңǿߣҲֻ·һ
ŵĻھߵļˣ˵仰ʱһаϢ
ǱϵôоʵԽԽǿˣ
ЩС˵֮лǳη塣
仰䵹ˣû⣬ǳϲ仰
ڼʶ޳ʵ֮ܵ˷ǳصĴ֮Уȴû˿ڱŰļ֮£ٴվ
ȻŰҲûʲôð취ֻ赭дĸܹһ֮ڴﵽ۷ľ磬Ű֮λǱģ
Źӵʵôǿؼ֮󣬾޳Ҳηģ
ϧ޳ѾһⱲӿ޷үǿˣ
ǧƨȻ֪ЩͼıȴɴŵЦݣȫǽЩ˵Ļˡ
Щִ˲ƣƨ֪ܵŵʱȴͻȻһ
ҲûлῴǿˣΪҪ
Щ֮һϴŭɫǲûм޳Կ꣬гɱ⡣
Сʲô˼ȻҶԱŹӲ
ŹȲҪ֣ʰ֪ߵغСӡ˵֮еĳ˲䳯޳ȥǰȴ˿ûжǸûзӦһ㡣
Щ˿֮һɵ¶ϲɫ˵һ߶ǻǰ鷳ֱѰ·ɱ
俴ˣɫʱ÷ǳѿ޳˵㡭û


2209 Ӱɱ
޳û
˲ֻʱ򣬲ŻᷢЩĻҲʱɫرų޳ˣΪʱ̫ڲִջصʱ䶼ûУֻžһǱϺŵϵˣ
Щ˶ʱɫǵΪ̫ߣɱϾҲһߣղǷ޳ûʲôԼϵˣ
ֱڣ޳ǿ
ҪѰΧǿ˽ǵǿѾ׼ܵı䣬ϳʧ֮ɫ
ҪɱǡҪ
޳ûжֻ֣ǽϵϢͷųһ˲ѣһ˲ĹЩ˾޳аһа֮ʧȥ
俴޳г˿־壬һ˵һߺˣ޳֡
޳Ҳ뽫һЩһģͷųϢһ˲䣬֮ԼͱһĪʶȻ֪˭ԼֻҪԼԱ֣ҲĶԼ֡
޳¶һ˿Цݣ֪Լ˶֣ԾûмԼϢһ˲佫Լȫʵͷųʩչһ˲£˽ԼϣҲὫԼץסġ
֪ʲô飬ֻͻȻоΧһжûԼ㱻קգգ۵ĹѾھɽϡ
޳ҲǰԳԾץסͬʱǿһذ׳֣һ͸ԼϣһӻԼ壬޳Ȼûгԣеһ˿ŸԼֻ˲ϵ
磬е˶ֱֺӵսЩս֮ģǸ޳԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶ڰǸ˾ԲĿˣ
޳¶һ˿Цݣ˵û뵽ǰԮĲֻǺܴⱱҲһˡ
޳ǰһӰӰֵ˲䣬޳Ȼе˿ΣոС
޳
޳˵ͷԶԷΪѾʸ֪Լˡ
ǣ
Ӱɱ
޳ӰɱֲɵüͷƺǴֻ֣м̫ã޳ûйԾ͸ˡ
Ӱɱң
俴޳Ӱɱһ˿ɵɫʱȥϣæ󣬿ӰɱȴȫΪ
ӰɱҰ
Ӱɱüͷһ壬ʱһɱڱϣʱһг־壬ŵ˵Ȼɱң
ܵ㸸׵ĹӶֻһǱ㸸׵İȫڶ㸸׵Ļ
ǾͶˣҸĻҲҵģ
ǣ𣿡
Ӱɱһķñͣ˼һıܲˣӰɱݺݵ˵ǮҪǮжǮֻҪϾңǮԡ
Ļû˵꣬ĺϱһСףѪĸС֮гȻӰɱûнɱĬĬʧֱҪֱ˻Ҫܡ
޳ӣεһЦҲǱɻ޳Ҫºģû뵽ӰɱѾˡ
ӰɱƢ޳ϲĺܣ޳Ӱɱ֣ϾôȤĶҪһСԼɱˣǿɾδֵ̫ˡ
޳ϴһ˿ЦݣӰɱĻɵѾץסӰɱһﲡѯʵȻ˵ԼֻرŰɱŰӦû֪ҵĴڰɣҳڱ˼鲻ӦǵһʱŰ׷ɣ
Ӱɱ޳ĻȻûз֮гս˵ûΪҺþöûȤˣԣ鲻Խ׷ǧҪʧ
޳Ͳ뵽ӣҲеΣΪղŵһ仰ӦǴĿ˵С
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Ӱɱ޳˵һ仰֮˲ʧ֮ǰһϢʶ޳ϣȴʧˡ
޳һĻҲɵøеֲ죬Ͼ˹Ĺǵһο
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޳ͣսꪳǵϣ޳֪ⳡսԼζܵģһﲻٶȿѣĳʱǳĺãȻǾεʵսӵķʽǳ⣬޳Ҳֲеè塣
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޳Լǰ۳һ޴ʮ֣޳֪Լһǳǿ󣬲Լ֪Էټ۳ʮɱҲȫһôûа
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ޣ
޳³֣޲һ似Ҳһֵȼһ̿͵ռĿꡣ
޳ղѾ˵գȻڴɱϴﵽһ裬ȴûдﵽ۷״̬۷״̬ǰҲῴӦ˵ǿˣȴͬ¥һ㡣
޳ܹ˵޶ҲЩСľȣ޳˵֮ǰӰɱ𣿡
ûмֻ˵ѣû뵽ҾȻܹӰɱԱ֣һֽܹɱҾͺ˷ܰ
޳ȻڶԷݣȴΪԼܸˣ෴ԼѾ֪˵ݣٶԸĻܼ򵥾ܹ
ӰɱȻҲŰģ޳˵ĻȻ˲ûпڣ·޳ƽһ㡣
ҾͲˣ
޳ϸֳһ˿ЦݣӶʱʧӰɱҲһ˶״̬֮£ǵϢȴǵټڵ״̬С׽Բأ˭ȳ˭ˣ
һı޳ⷽһúܺãӰɱȰ޳ŴӰɱ߲Զ֣õóΪ̵޳¶һ˿ЦݣеĽûʧȻƽӰɱ֮ȴҲֻŪɶѣ޳ĽӰɱܣڻһͷˮһ취ûУ


2210 Ӱɱ
Ӱɱǰ޳޳ı£ʱ˿̲˽⣬֮ǰŰ˵޳ôǿ󣬶ôᣬڲϵı£ԽԽԼŵսˡ
Ȼʱ˿Լ޳ʵѹƵЩǱȴ¶һ˿Ц⣬ӰɱֻĻҲﵽֵλ˶еηĵλɢĵĹâǿϵͷųط·һס޳¶һ˿֮ɫ
һһ󷨣֮Ӱɱʵʤ֮ճǿ֮ѪһȺˣڿ仰Ȼ顣
޳УΧͬ־޴һһѹ޳޳ôǿӼȥĻֻºҲǲ롣
Ӱɱǳټ޳ɵЩľԼӳ󷨵Ŀƣȴޱȵļѣ޳ʱ˿̵޷
޳޳ѲΪ˶Խս֮УĻ̶ȲǹؼǷϵȻȷǿ󣬲֮ȴûʲôЧ
Ӱɱ˵֮ӰɱͻȻּЩǰذ׵ķŴ棬ȻûɣǸ˵ĸоһ㶼ûǱøǿ
ӰɱѾԼȫԽ޳ɱԸʱ䣬Ȼĸ޳˵ӰɱӰɱ֮ǿ似Ҫ֮Ҳԩ֮УԽӰɱеȥҫ
Ӱɱ濴飬޳û뵽ǣȻôԡ
޳ϸֳһ˿Цݣ֮ȴ˷ŭǰӰɱǳ鶯һ£˵Ϊ޳ô׾ܹԸδҲ̫С˰ɣ
Ӱɱͫһжһ˿ŵɫ
޳ߵϢԽԽǿ󣬶ҽķϵתϵμҹ֮£޳Χʧȥ˿ƣȻǶʱ顣
ֻһâ޳ߵȫʧӦó֮ΪȫʧȫԼĿƣΪ޳һ֡
ӰɱгŵɫϾ֮У޳Ӧһϵߣôϵ֮˸ߵĳɾͣ
ʱܹܵ־ˣ޳ȴ˶ŹΪӰɱѾ˷̫ʱ䣬֪Լȥһ룬ں˵ͻһļ尾
Ӱɱɫǳѿ޳Ͻ¶һ˿ЦȻղŵǸ󷨵ʧĴڶʱ֮ڴ޷ָˡ
Ӱɱ֮ǰڵ͹޳ʵ֮¶Ŀ־ɫȻָ߹޳ʵ
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ӰɱѾһʹóˣ޳ʱʲô״̬ȻҪлһ˿ϣ֪޳ٶȺ׽Щ㿪
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޳ҲһΪʱԼ΢ռϷմմϲΪΪӰɱǿĹǳ䲻ĹԼʱ˿ѾռϷ磬һԼֿС
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޳ûʹúսꪣֱӰȭ࿹⡣
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ӰɱﻹûнŷϵЦҲûʧ޳ȭͷԼĳײһһ޴ıը֮У޳֮ʱ޴ĳŪòϺˣȫһ˺ûС
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Ӱɱг˿־壬ǰ޳ǿһһ㡣
ʱ˿̣ΪʲôŰ˵޳ʱΪλ¶˿ֻŵɫҲ¶һ޳Ϊα۷׷ףΪ츳ʵԼȻ޳Ƚϣǡ
ӱúڣ֮£ٺҲǿ޼£ֻнŸɱ
ΪһӰɱʵûжֻӰɱ׺ݣӾ飬鲻Ƕ˾飬ǶԼ顣
޳ÿһθܵԼ߹еر𾪣ޱǿ
ԼȻܷ񿹺⣬ΪӰȭ޳ֱͬԷһ㣬պúɵĳƣʱ˿̵޳Բɣ෴ǳµľء
ʱһĪΣд޳г֣Ȼ֪ʲô飬һǰӰɱйء
޳ǰӰɱ뿴Ӱɱʲô޷ֵԼĹĻ޳ҲûбҪⳡսȥˡ
Ȼ޳ǰӰɱ˲䣬Ӱɱ彥ű仯һǿ֮г֣ӰɱʱӳҪԼǿ

޳гη壬Ϊʱ˿Ѿﵽ˻յĳ̶ȣԼսĻ޳òʹó壬޳һʹóһûеδӱŰн
޳ʹ״̬
ǿԼΪ飬ҲŸãӰɱ似Ҳһɣ
޳а˼Ӧó֮Ϊ˼һ
ʱ˿̣ӰɱǿϢ޳۾Ѿȫ˺ɫͬħһ㣬޳һ˲䣬޳ߵԪȫСЩСͬʯͷһ㾲ƯڿУûʲô޳ȴܹĸܵһеĿ¡
޳ٴʹó֮ǰʽκ֮ΪĲ˾޴˵ʶ޷ںһ۾֮н¶֮ɫ
޳ɣ
ɽ֮еһ̧ͷǿſгֵĵڶ̫֮г޳η֮ɫڶ̫޳
޳߷һıըЩСһӦ޳Ҳը֮и޷ѣϾըģڱըԭ㡣
ڴ֮ǰ޳ѾʹóԼǿķȻָܹȫֵסܹ͵һһ㡣

ڱըĵ޳ɵһ󺰣гʹͱң޳ĺԽӰɱϵЦݾ͸Ũ·һá
ǹâʧҲ𽥵ɢӰɱڴһӰӿ׹ڵأȴδһĻ޳ڿУϿǱǺᣬϵ·Ҳˣϰѣ°·
޳Ƥڣһ˫۾ϣϵϢȶĿ¡
Ӱɱɵøеη壬ԼôǿĹȴܹվ޳ķôǿ󰡣
ϵϢʧɫҲɲҰɫ˫ָ糣˾һûУŲõԤУǱԼɣ


2211 ɥ֮ʹ
޳ڳ֮ǰҲû뵽ԼֹܹԼʵ
޳ǰӰɱϲɵøֳһ˿Ц⣬ⳡսԼӮˣûʹ֮¡
ɱҰɣ
Ӱɱ޳֮г־
Ҳɱ㣡
޳һ߳ĸУĸ˲˳ȥһӰɱͣ޳ͣһ£ԼӰɱĲҽȻôĶȴҲ޳е⡣
㲻ô
Ӱɱž޳۾֮гĺ⣬޳¶һ˿ЦݣǰӰɱзһߣ˵ΪһˣҶڵ˴ĴʴȣҶҪɱҵ˴飬տʼҪĥҵһ̣Ӧ뵽нֽ֡
޳˵֮Χ˲䳯ӰɱǱȥתۼĹӰɱѾһˡ
޳ٷϵΪ״̬ܹУ߱Ű﷢ˡ
޳Լǰ۳һСС˲Ӱɱǰһ޴ıըӰɱһʯͷһŵȥ
һߣ俴ǰһУѾŵûɢĺ¡Ѿʧ޷Լ򿪿־壬ֻһſ־嵽ε޳¶֮ɫ
İɣǲɱģϾһһأ
Ȼ޳û˵˭˭ܹó޳õı佻ȴڱŰУԼԶԶ纣Ҫ
ǲ˵Ϊ޳֪ĻֻӿԼĲ
Ѿһߵı˼ȴһϲӣԸĿˣ壬ҹ壬˼Ĵʱٴξס
ŰЩϴŵЦ⣬ϾԽ࣬λԽǿ󣬱˵绹һĵλġ
ʵҲҪһ㣬ЩﲢֹˮΪ˲μ䣬ҪǺò׾һˣȻȻҪ۹飬ȥҲżǧʱ䣬ǧκ˶飬ܹˣһĴ֮һ
˼һ۷壬ǿмһɵ¶ɫЩ˿ɲܹкģȵͶŰ˭֪Űʱ˿ϹЦݣ·֪һ㡣
һᣬһˣԱŰ˵峤֮вûзүټһ˺үһЩ˵ʬ壬Ǹոձɱãү
Ű֮ϵЦݲ΢΢ͷ˵ˣǻ㶼Ҫҵ䣬ҲĻҲûˣ
ŰĽ˵꣬ͱŵѪɫ˵ͷ˵峤
Ѹ뿪Ѱұټ
ŰЦݵĺЩ˴кȴɵżһӦǲý䱻ƻ۽췢ʲô飬ԼҪ˼峤ڶѰӰɱİӰɱϢÿһϣֻҪ仹Ժ֮Уһܹ̽ҳ
ǰþòܹúԣһһֱζ޷붯Ԫϼأ
Űͬſһ£ҲЦݣ´űŰֱŰѾﵽͬһ־硪벽֮ԭ߸ϵɫҲʱӵűŰЦ˵ǰıżҪΪ峤ˣǶ¼ͱżãȻҪմ֡
ͷŰгһ˿ɫȻ¶Цݣȴڰ¼屾ҲǱ˼֮һڼʮǰǱӱ˼ķȥˣԳһɣ׷ԴҲǱ˼һӣ˼ȻһûѪУȻǷǳŭ
ķŭҲ޼£ϾΧô˶ѾϿ˱ŰһҲûʲôЧᱻŰԣֳֺõ飬Ųȥ
˽ȥ֮ͻȻԼյϻ飬ȥһ죬Ű֮Ժ
Ȼ¸Լ̬ñŰеУǱŰҲʱǹʱ
һСݣΧû֮С֮С
Ӱɱ
Űһָ˵ӰɱֻҪͻֵģʮ֮ɲӰɱӰӡ
ֲĸоԽԽأΧȥΧû˸Լ΢˿
Ӱɱ
޳ӲԶĿоؿһĻϲɵøֳһ˿Цݣʱ˿̵ӰɱѾɽУԼһʱڵıŰ
޳ŰڱĴˣϲɵ¶ʧ֮ɫߵıŰ˵㻹һôûУϧһΪʧٻ㸸ʲôӰء
Ҫ˵˵ֻôӺ֮Уص
Ȼʧٲ㸸ʲôӰ죬ǸɴеֻŰɣ
޳䳯СݵſȥڱŴ򿪵˲һɫĶžһˤԼǰһпȥһ˶ûУǰ֮۾˲Ѫ죬ǳ£ڴڵţϰ벽Ϣ͵رСԺӶȻը
һЩ˻Ϊ﷢ϮһæվΧĳ˵峤ôˣ
ŰתͷһȺǿߣ֮гŭȻԱеʧɱϾԼĶӣһΨһĶӡΨһ׹ǰϵŭȻȫ޷ơ
ŰѾΪһʬı䣬վڿУһ仰Ҳû˵ЩҲһ
ͻȻŰ¶һ˿ЦݣԼ˵»¶Цݣ֪˻ΪŰѾˡ
Ӧ˵ʱıŰѾˣǰˣͷųϢȻʧģΪģԽıŰЩ˵ĸоȷʵԽΣգͺŰʲôһ㡣
֪һ˲ҵ˼峤ԲŻʹ˱ӵֶΣҲ⣬Ϊܹȡڵĵλֶοûһϣ۽Ҷɱ˭㶼ýһǰҲ˶ģֻҪҵֵ˭һᡭ


2212 ˷ܵĻ
һᡭ
壬ʱϾ͵ˡ
ŰĻû˵꣬һŨױĨŮ˳֣˿ῴΧյ˵Ⱥ˶ʲôӳޣһŮ˵һ֮ΪҪӣɲʱǸϿصϯ
ҲͻȻһղô飬Ůһ˲һ־硣

Щһǵλ󣬸ҪӱŰǰʲôŮ˵껰֮һʱЦ˳
һȺôЦһƺݺݵشڱŰϡ
ŰɱŨȻܶЩЩʲôԼýţпûɫһ˲䣬ýŸ֪ʲô飬ܵһ漴žһԼĲӾ͵˺ϣ۾ܹЩͣʱлΪʲôЩ˵Ķǵڿеģһʧȥʶ޹һװ
˲ΪһɨԼʣЦڳܿ춼ʧˡϾ챱ŰǶЩȻҪٸŰһЩӡ
Űϵŭ𽥽ʧЩ˵ȻʱѵǴҾͻȥɣһᾡ촦õġ
ЩҲ￴żһȺ̯ӣһص֮УȾƳ⣬۵ò֡
ӲԺ֮еĻϳżɫа޳ôʱȥˣȴһ޳ӰӶûпѾȣô
ʱѾ޳ʲôϣˣȻΪ޳ӻܴӱ˼ˣһñŰ˳ϱ˼峤֮λġ
ӣﰡ
һ˫ʹĹ⻪֮У˱ˡ
ʱԺӵĴű˸ˡ
ỹΪԼĺԽӸˣŴ֮󣬳ֵȴǺӣûʧ
С㣡
Ѿ߿ŴʱĻᣬг˷֮ɫ
֮ǰĻᣬһѾ߸ôԼ˵Լ¶ʧɫ֪ɱٱˡǴʱĻȴһϾ޳ĥʱѾ߸ٵİԼķԣƾһ㣬һӶѾͷм
Ѿͷ˷ܵӣȤȻʵʲô𣿡
ĺ£
Ѿ˷ܵ˵Ϊ˷ǿ⣬鲻ܴʱ򣬸æСԻ˵С㣬㲻˵ϲ𣿡
ǰ
᲻֪ѾͷΪʲô˵һϢеķƫƫ۰ԼүүѾˣԼĸֶסŰʩӵѹǴӦԼ䣬ÿ뵽飬оͬһʹ
ǰѾߵķϣԼеŭѹȥǿ¶һ˿Ц˵ڱǻʲô飿
Ѿ¶һ˿ЦݣȻƽʱҲûܵȺ
ˣ֪Ǳ˭ɱģ
ʲô
̷Ӧ֮гĿѾߡ˵һӣȷѾˣ
Ȼ
Ҳ֪Լʱ˿̸ʲôӦһ˿Цǽǣ˵Ѿˣ̫ˣһҪú֪顣
򿪷ţ洩һɫװĺʱ˿̺۾Եüֺף˽ˣæĨ۽ǵˮתͷŻ˵ʲôôˣ
᱾ΪΪӦԼĶԻǰĺ¶һ˿Цݡ
һϢ
ʱѾҪˣʲôϢԳƵǺϢ
ˣ
Ϣ֮ɫѯʵôģ
֪˵Ǵֱˤģ
仰а̾ܣⱱʵȻԼ޳ȣм仹źܴľ룬츳ĺܲټΪ˵ϱżļ֮λСܵϸѵɱѾһܵ飬˵ˤˣǻԱˤ
ǰ˷ܵĻɫоȵ˵˵Щ𣿱ıˤˣ
Ȼ
ҲֳϲɫΪܹˣһ޳
ῴɫıÿǱԼӿвɵøֳһ˿ɻɫź˵㣬ʲô飬Ѳ֪ôģ
Ȼ֪һ޳ΪܹһȺ벽ǿǿǰˣֻ޳ܹõ

Ტûź˵ĻܺһҪӼᶨÿοһĻж޳޾ĺ⣬Ͼ޳ԼͲ䵽ֵز޳ԼͲÿ쵣£Ϊ˻յģһжԴһˣǱ޳
Ȼ֪鲻ܣȴ֪θߺӦ˵úţѾθߺ޳ѾˣǺȴɼԼ뷨ڣЩԼүүţΪڿеʱԼүүĺ
ԼԴ¶Ц˵ο㣬ΪʲôᷴӰˡ
Ҫ˵߻üŴ֮һȺŮ˽ģǳ¡صĹںǰԺ˵ˣöˣ
Щ˻ûһʶģЩ˿ûпɫ˵ûгΪŰŮˣҪˡ
ЩҪͻۣǵǲɢϢʱɫһ˵ǺͻᶥײˣǿһҲҡ
᱾ûʲôɵģЩ˵Ժ˵㣬ӦĻˣ㲻ץסĻһжĪġ
˵仰ʱ򣬱Űվ棬ȷһﲻٴγѡԹ⽫Ϣȴû뵽֮󣬳ԼǰľȻôһ仰
һ˿ŭɫȥúʰһ٣ԼһӭȢŮˣһŮҲȢŮҲȢʧȥյĻҾһӣҺͱ˼࿹⡣
Ҫŵʱȴ˵ͲҪ˵ˣѾѾҪǼ޲ȥĻԸ
һñŰǳȣΪⳡ£ΪԼΪԼˣȴû뵽ȻΪ˼޸Լ˵ֻ
֮ǰý˵ǳϣ֮ǰȫţ仰ˡ


2213 
ŰûŶ룬վ棬ϸ˼һᣬΪȻѾô˵ˣôԼҲӦñֳźӣԼôȥú֪Լڼһǳģ
Űſվһ뿪ˣûпŰڷ棬˵仰ʵϸָıŰ˵޳ȷ׼޸ˣǸ˾޳Ѿ̫ˣѾʲôûˣΨһ֧ǳý취޳εߡ
ῴź̬ȣɵ֮¶һ˿εɫڶ׿һŵתһ룬޳Լӣм˧¶Цݣ˼޳һŵ㣬ͺˡ
ڱ˼֮Уֻ֮һССĲѣͷϷԶڱŰϡ
ʱ˿̵ıŰΪ֮ǰĻɥ֮ʹѾʧˣϹŸ˵ЦݣΧ˲ɵøеһӷ䡣
ЩĴǿ߿ʱ˿̵ıŰɵøеľϾŰܹԼصֻãԼһһ
Ѿܳʱˣܶ˶˵֣˲ʶֻ֪֮еıѪѡ
Ҳ֪ĳһʲôӣűŰӣǸӦһŮɣ
ⲻ˵ϻҲһºĸ˭ǿǼ磬һŮŮôһƷ
ˣĳûУ
ϻôʸ񿴼أ
һҪһŮЩ˶ǿߵĵλ֮Բ˹άҲǲܣ
˲֪ĸģϾֻҪеļ山ŰˣЩ˾ǲԸҲҲϾЩСΨһܹͱ˼ϵ飬ʲô鶼ûУҲԽ鵱һԻ͵ʷȻ󲻶ϵĴȥ
ʵ̫ĬĬţ໥֮䲢ʶ
λ˵ĲҾͼ磬ò˵糤ʵ̫ˣŮȣֱ̫Զˣ
ߵƺ˶ɵ¶ֲ죬ʵģļ磿
Ȼ
˿ͷȷӣжʱ¶Ľʵɫǿ˵λСֵʲô֣ʲô壿
޳޼ң
޳˵޳֣֮¶һ˿󣬲Ƿ޳һûУϵʱʧϳЦ˵޳һֱ֣׹Ӧò˿˵޳ɣ
޳һЦʵ㿴𣿡
һ㶼񣡡
޳˵ĻٴγЦݣ˵˵ҾͲǣǾǸ޳һվ׵ģ
Сӣֻͬѣ̫Ϸ˵ƺ˵޳֮һȣ޳ǺӶģ޳޳ں߱
ҪһҲٲ˱ŰһϹ
޳˵ĶԻϲֳһ˿ЦݣⱱŰǲִ٣ҲǲԼߵˣ˾˽֣ǹ㰡Щ˴ﲢأǰЩɾһݲƵ밡
޳̫ãһ˵Ļûа취Ըôˣֻ¡
޳һΣԼѾôãΪʲôܴ˻ûлѲɻ֪﷢飿
޳Щʲôȴʲôˣֻ￴Ϸ
źҲһ֪Լˣ˹ɱ˱Ҫ֪ͨ
汱Ű˵˺ܶණ˲ûһĆ£˵ӳʱȫ̱û޳Ҳ˵һ
תͷȥʱһЦһȹӣһʹһȺŮΧ޳Ҳ֪ԭȻôƯ
Ⱥ˲䱻ȼˣһ˿ź¶̰ɫϧôһŮ˾Ҫɱ˵ӣ뵽ˣ֮ǰڱŰһݺøУΪŰӭȢǵŮڱŰ˼ʡ
ŰЩͶԼ֮ôΪҫ񲻽ǳΪ˱˼ļһӭȢƯŮˣ
޳ΧֱһƬǽͷųˣЩȵ񣬼ֱҪ޳ĻԪػҪ
Щ˿޳¶һ˿˵Сֵܣǲǿɵˣôһ㷴ӦûУ
޳¶һ˿Ц˵ûҵȷǿɵˣһô󣬻δƯˡ
㿴仰˵ģڲŶ󰡣һ˺üˣҲûпġ
޳һȺ˶ÿЦãʱɫ֮ʱͷɵһܹܵʱɳ˵ģ·ڵԼһ㡣
޳ȥԸߺǵ֮ҪȥѰҺȴֱŰҲ
Ű͵͵۲ź޳ڱ󱣻źİȫһŰʲôԼ򲻹Ű޳Ҳỹԥĳֵģ
޳żԼӦôߺأ
ʱͻȻںʻĻᣬʱȻ۾Ĵ룬·ڿѰ޳һ㣬޳֮ͷһ𣬸æҡҡ֣ûע⵽Լ
ʶҴС㣿
Щ˿޳Ի֣һʱɫ۾Ŀ޳˵㲻ʶҴСǧҪкǼ˶鷳ģ
ǵĻû˵꣬Ŀ㳯߿ˣЩ˶ʱɫǶԻĶǴжţС壬ҺͻӡԻԸԼһ˻ᣬֻ»һ£˰Լ˵ļ
Щ˿޳ͻкæֹ޳˵ѵɲǺǵģȻúƯоǶħһ㣬ԾҲǴϣǻúõػأ
޳
ͫ͵һΪԼˣϸĳ޳Ǳ߿ȥȻ޳ϵ·ˣģûб仯ôᣬĻῴ޳ȴһ˳
æߵߣߺ޳Ѿˣûߵߣȴ˸ʱǱŰͺˣκ˶ǰţҲֻܴһԸż
ῴ֮ʱͻȻˣ޳ʱ˿ǷҪԼ˵֪ںܾ֮ǰѾ֪ˣ


2214 ҲԸ
Щ˿ϷıŰ¶ĽɫҲ˶ĽŰλһȺˣЩ˶Լ峤˼Ȼ˥ܣЩȴܲŰӣϾձܹͱ˼ùϵ˵Ǽһˡ
⺣ǼŮõǹɫ㰡
ϣһδ󺺴̾
׷ʱ򣬿綼䶯ֻ֣ͣɳ徢ôûˣѲǱһȫĥˣ
һЦݣ䣬żתһ£¶˼ɫƣ峤ƹѾʱ䣬ȻĴ֮һȷʵУΪĴ֮ס
Ǹҹ峤ն죬ʵǿʵѾﵽ벽ľ磬Ȼ̤񾳽Ѿûָˣʵȴǰ벽ǿ󣬾һ㡪ն죬ǿҲҪη֡
Ĵ֮УΨһһ峤񾳽ģֻб˼壬ʧ٣˼˲ñ˼ӽĵλĩβ
ϧϧû׷ϣȴһ֪˭˵õ˼磬ĲˬھҪȥҲû㣬֪˭
㲻ûŷ𡣡
֪˭˵ôһ䣬ȫ̾ˣЩһ¶ɫȻŷ˼ɵЩ˵֮ˣϳһ˿Ц˵峤ô˵ŷ췴
ܵǱ˼峤Ҳ˶ŷֵġϸֳһ˿Ц⣬ǰŷҳηʱȴ˵ЦݣһЩ˽ܵ¶Цݵʱ򣬱ǴҰѾɡ
ͬʱһû뵽ܵ۾ȻĸҶŷó֣
ѵŷѾ
ܵҡͷ˵İɣǲֵزģŷϾ֮ͬŻ˵Ѫƾһ㣬ǲֵģֻӰĵĸܼЧѡ
ܵ۵仰Ȼûн𰸽ȴ֪̬ˡ
ֳʱĬж˼ɫҲ֪һʲôǸ̥
ʱ˿̣ҪϷˡ
ⱱŰѾҪˣӦò֮ܽΪˡ
˲վһ𣬱Űǰ绨Ůˣ۾֮г˷֮ɫһʱ侹ǲһУԼȻ׵ľ͵õ˺ԼϾҪΪ˼峤ˡ
۾·ȥһɺ嫵Ϣ緢ΪǲͷţϢûκֱӽ
ǿ󣡡
ǰ벽ľ磬Ƕڱ˴˵ʵⱱŰһֱ˼ڲ飬¶棬ҲڼϵĹâѹ֮£ȫԣȴҲһ벽ǿߣһͼҲѷɫĽɫ
⼸϶¶֮ɫȻǶԱŰ˸µʶ
û뵽ŰҲе㱾£ѹҰ֮ԼҪ˼峤أ
ǺһС
ŰȻܵЩ˲ͬѰϢ¶һ˿Ц⣬ԼҲû뵽ȻʱԼΪһ㡣
˿ߺٿΧһУ֮ͻȻһ֮⣬˵ǲһж⣬һж˳Ӧ⣬ע˵λ
Ű¶һ˿Цݣ˵ע֮£ȫΧ˵Ŀ⣬Ц
ͻȻеԼʱ̤ǰδе۷״̬Ϊ˱˼һжΪԼĻʯǺһ֮гԼΪһУȻΪĸʱĸĴڣ˼Ҳ֮ϡ
ھ峤֮λʱ򣬾ҪԼ˼ǰδеĻԻͣȲʵ֡
ڼ˷棬ĸΪǿѾˡȻǸԼȨʱŮԺͺһбѪŮ
ߵĺȻĶǼ磬ȻԼ޷õܹõŮһĴ֮Ѿ㹻ˡ
˶ڱŰʱӲûйھȣϾκʱ򣬶޷жϲá
Űһ֮󣬿ǵ¸صߣ˵ʼɣ
һ£Ȼ˵ͷǱ˼ˣڱ˼֮ݸڱŰıŰԼ֡
ߵĺг˵ģ˵ȷԼ׼𣿡
Ű仰¶֮ɫһۣûֹϾ̬֮ǰҲˣ޸Լȫ־
ŰҲ֪ŮǲῴԼģѡ޸Լñ˵Ѫһֱƹܼɣ
ʵϲʲôɣʱѡվԼһߣǿˣǿЩʲô
Ҳĵ˵ͷȻûз˼
ӰһҪάȴû뵽Ȼ˻ش̾˿ֻðչʽ
һж˳ҲڹԹϣǵһʻʱѯʺ˵Ը޸Ű𣿡
ҲԸ⡣
ãǽʲô
ͻȻûзӦŰǵԭأ۾󣬿ǰĺ˵˵ʲô
ԼΪɵöʱеһ񺮣ǰıŰһһĻ˵
ң룬ޣ㣬ͱ밮ˣ˼ĸףڵĻһμӦң㣡
¶ʱһƬңôû뵽ñ˼λʽȻ־硣
ŰҲȫסˣһᣬ׹ԭһжǺƭ˼ʱ䣬ҲСѾãȻһСŮƭˣֱܴ衣
û̶Ժ֣ǶݺݵضԺ˵ƭȲƽϣԹԺϣһ־磬һĻ
¶ɻɫűŰ˵ô
Űһߣ۾Щˣ׺˵ͱҲˡ
˵꣬ɱͷųǰŮ˹һȴ
ϵϢҲͷųȻᣬΪѷѪԵʣʵѾﵽ۷壬ڷ˵Ĵ֮£ʵҪԶԶһǿ
һʱ䣬ȻԺͱŰ࿹⣬ȴڱŰǿɱ֮£ȻȻվ
Űסˣڳ˶סˣ⻹ǸղŮ


2215 ħ

ŰһȣһĳƮƮһȻúأٻúܵصơ
ǲɱ˺ģϾǱ˼ΨһѪ˵Ļ˼ʵԸ⿴ġ
Ȼһƻӳ֮Ⱥ֮УһӰ˲嵽̨ϣһȭűŰȥ
˿޳ĶЩǿȻܹüģǿ޳ٶ֮죬һɵñɫͬʱие˿ȥҪЩ˿֪޳ݣʵ㿴ҿ㣬˭޷˵޳
Ϊٶȣڷϵ֮ϣҹǿˣѵҹôǿһˣȴһ㶼֪ܵۿŰն죬¶һ˿ŵɫ˵òҹ˰ɣ
ն¶һ˿ŭɫϵϢȻܵ˵ôѲҴһܣ
ܵ¶һ˿̵Цݣȴû˵ʲô֪նһսˣҺսݣܵۿɲôһ鷳Һһ
˲û˵ǿ̨ϣһ֮¶ɫ
츳ȻҪȺҪǿ⾿ĸˣ
޳һ˲˱ŰǰŰ޳֣۾֮¶һ˿ŵɫ޳˵㡭㲻ӦѾ𣿡
޳¶һ˿Цݣ˵ͷûôأ
˽ֵһ˲䣬޴ıըм䷢һľ޴ˣ˲佫Ӷݻ٣ϯû飬۷ǿ߲٣ûʹһԽ£Źɢȥмһ޴Ĺֳ̨֣롣
޳һ벽ǿ߽֣Ȼһ鶼ûС
ôᣡ
ЩﵽһΪ˶ˣ޳֮󣬱ŰȻûֻУǼеȴǼӴ˺ܶ࣬޳Ϊ߲þȫֵֿס
޳һǵֵסˣվԭزŰȴÿһڵĽӡȻЩ޷ġ
ŰҲǺ޳һν֣Ȼ֮ǰѾ֪޳ų̶ȣһν֮޳ٴβµʶף޳ΪһڶʱѸٳɳˣҪϣΪȥ
Űһɱʱͷų޳˵ҶСǱɱģ
޳ûзϣ˵ϵĲֻС䣬Ӱɱ˵ĺˡ
Ű޳Ӱɱ˵ҿӣƺ˽Ӱɱһ㣬Ѿ޳Ļ
Űϸֳһ˿ЦӰɱԼ˺ܶ౦ģӰɱȻΪǿ󣬵ȴܶ飬ӰɱɱҪȱȥҪۡ
ŰȻ޳˵һ֣۾֮гɫ޳ҡͷ˵ܣԲܣʵǿΪҲˣôὫλǰ
ҲɱΪܹų𣿡
޳һ䷴ʣʱñŰ֮ͣȻ¶ŵɫȻѾм޳Ļˡ
Ҫɱ㣡
ŰѾҪˣ֮ǰоԼѾﵽ۷壬ǹ˼ӶѣΧһж˱仯Ҳ˲䵽֮С
͵һƳ޳ȥһûа飬ۿ޳Ҫˣ޳ӶȻʧ޳ͬʱʧĻкͻᡣ
ʱ޳ҲȣץסŮˣѸٵ뿪Լ
ֻ޳һ˵Ļ뿪ܼ򵥣ϻŮˣԼĵ˻һ벽ǿߣԾٶٿ죬ǱŰ׷ϡ
ŰվڼΧǽ֮ϣ۾·޳˵㻹뿪
˵꣬Űһƻӳǿ޳޷ֵѾ߾ȫȴ޷ֵסǿ̳ź浹ɳȥȻݺݵڵ档
һֻǵʯ֮䣬ЩΪûдﵽ۷˸ףΪʲôһ޳վǿ̨ϣһ룬Űʧˣǿ̨ҲһӣҴӿӶ֮д޳΢Ϣ
ϧϧôǿһ꣬Ȼˣ̫ϧˣ
峤У޳ܵصƣǱˣǣ޳ȴ֮
ʹ
޳¶õ飬Լĺ󱳣Űôһƣǿ㽫޳·顣
޳ǳֵѪںͷһѪԼȥ۾Ⱥһı飬¶һЦݣ˵ôʧˣҲû
ǰ벽ǿߵһƣΪôܹﵽֵز벽ǿߵһƶ޷ɱ
޳㾹˷
ŰɫѿһСѾһȺǰ̧ˣԼһƾȻûн޳ɱҪЩ˴ȥĻԼڡ
Ͷ޳˺⣬ȴǺ޲ý޳ɱ
ҪٴζֵʱһϵЩ֮ɵһΪȻһǿߣҲ˾޴󣬿ǣǿ˭
ŰɵһȥڿƾճһߣģͱŰЩƣȻĳЩϵ
޳û뵽ż廹һǿߣǴû˵
ѸٷɵԼߣ鿴ԼƵĺɻʵǸһ˭
Ҳ֪ȻѾﵽ񾳽磬Ӧ̫ϳ֮һɣ
̫ϳϣ
ƺ޳˵Ȼ۹Ŀʹǧǿ󣬲ǿ߲ƽĴ֮Уÿ嶼ǿߣЩǿһ㲻ͨ飬Ǽ֮䷢ǿ֣߳ǲŻ֡
Ű˼ΨһļɵЩǿߣû֪ͨżȰ
Űſˣɻ˵ôˣ
ϣ
Űո˵仰һǿӿѹ£˲Ĵڵ֮ϣһǶڵ
Űû˵ܵ˳صһȻʵʵĹڵϣ֮ȴ˲ͺ⡣
һЩ곤˿ſеһ¶ɫҲ׷վԱʾߵĹЩ֮г˲죬һа̾û뵽ԾȻģħû
Щ۾ٴοڵϵıŰԭŰǱħĺˣҲѹҰġ


2216 ʵ
ϣȻҪƷ˼壬֮ǰ˵ˣǱż̷˼壬Ƕȡ
һ֣̽ͷѶһ٣Ҳ˿ҲΧˡ
ǿ⽫Щ˸ӣЩ˸ûбʸ
мҲڣϲûЩ˸Һͱħƽϣֱǻòͷˡ
д˵ħ¼һսҹĿĲΪ˼֮λ֮λһҰĵˣôһ֮
Щ˵ǱħˣһħǧԼϳ
ڱħûںǵ飬Ǵɢһźһź֮͸Ϣ֪ĻΪոմӹײ߳أ
Ȼ˿ħ֮һ¶𺳵ɫ⻹һ𣬻Ѿˣһ۾Ѿ֪ȥеĵطɱеĵطףΨһʣµһ飬沼˺Ѫ˿ҲȫðźѪΨһһط
ϵγĺѪǲռһڴ֮˲䱻ڣƯߵĺ̡
кܶ˶ǿߣǿ˳ѹǿߣǻǵһο
Щ֮ǰıħһμսֱӵμԭ֮ǰЩвţڿǰĹЩҲˡ
ħս֮Щ˴ѾˣûгѣǵһοħͷʱڼǰǶͨߣеĻ֮ϣħͷһ֮Ե
Űż壬Ӧ뵽һģ
Щ˵֮һ¶յɫ֪ħ֣ǾͲˣԼҲҪǿ߲Ÿ
ʵϾǱŰͱħ֮Ҳֻһ棬ûΪħѵԼ˿Ķҡ֪ħڱżӣڱ˼ӣԼܹñħͬԼôκ˶޷ֹԼˣ
Ȼħѹƣȴ˵ȣһԡ
ħĶһתڱŰϣ˵˵ʲôֱ˵ǡ
ȣôǱż壬ѾˣڵıѪֻСѾͷУСѾͷΪ˼峤Ļ˼ᱻٵġ
ŰָźħҲĿ⿴ȥ֮Ȼ¶һ˿Ծɫ˶ܵˣҲ֪ħΪĳԾΪʵԾ
ѾˣϾȻֳЦ⣬˵ȷһʱôΪ𣿡
Ķ۳ɨȥָл¶һ˿ɫʵأ
Ű֮һ˿˷֮ɫ϶ʱЦݣæ˵Ѿȥˡ
￴ϷһɫҪ֪ħںܾ֮ǰҪȻȴʧˣ֮һֱģлᣬĴ˶ĴССҲˣȫͬһһǿߵвЩֻûһͬİɣ
ħıȴЩ˵ԤϣûзҪ֮λǳһ˿ڿ˿ŰȻڷֱ˭ʺϳΪһ峤
ȣѪǱżΪūһ㿴ǱżѾܹˣ
ЩŰĻһиеӺܾ֮ǰŰ֮󣬴Ӵ˱żӱ˼֮бֻ죬ȫ֮ϣ˵ʲôѹѾܲˣеȨ˼ԽԽͣѾñŰĵ˼ĸӹˡ
ڳ˶֪࣬ˣڱŰǿʵǰ֪࣬Ҳܽ˵
ЩһűŰϷ¶ɬЦݡ
ŰħɫҲΪԼĻű仯ǲɵøֳһ˿Ц⣬ΪͷټϵϢʶϷıħûпЦݡ
໥һۣ¶һ˿ɫⱱŰܹһǿߵǰ˵ѣֵܹԲⱱŰҲһɴµˣ
Ű˵һеĻ·żһ˶硣ñħĻ㲻ȫš
ǰıŰɻ˵˵Ѿˣȷ𣿡
Ű޳Ǳ߿һۣȻ޳Ѿ˵Ǹ˸ɱˣ֮ǰָ˵ǲɱģڼһδ֪Ȼܽ𰸸ǰıħԼҲֻ·һ
һֱһȴŻĻᣬһڣȻ˵ûȷѾˣ˼ѾʵٲЩʲôĻ˵ǱѪˣǱ˼Ҳ᲻ڡ
Ȼô˵ˣҾ㣬֪˵ѵĻ㽫ɣ
֪
ħһǰոҪԺ֣ȴͻȻܵһǿϢԼ߳˹Ǳһԭһꡣ
ʵҲǱ˼𣿡
Ű޳ȻҶԱħ֣϶ʱ¶һ˿Цݣħѯʣæ˵ȲҪᣬǱ˼ˣǱ˼ĵˡ
ȻһӵɵˣǱһ
޳ĳħЩ⣬ɲúУ㼧粻Ҳνˣǲῴźܵ˺ģԼҲҪġ
һȣڱħǰͻȻԼʹóһ˲䣬޴Ӱȭűħȥȭͷֵһ˲䣬˶ˣԼ˿ħ㶼޳Ȼȥ鷳ֱѰ·
ﵽ벽Щ˸ܵ޳ʵȴɵñɫ˵ΪĿǰǲǸո̤۷ľ磿
Ȼ˵ͷȻȴܵһ޳ϵǿϢǸϢ֮£Щﵽ벽˶Ҵż˼ɵ޳״̬֮£ʵӵĿɲһ㡣
ʽ
޳һȣϵĺս˲ӳһ˲䣬֮гһ޴ƣǳȫɣһ޳Ŀǰ״̬ǿһ
޳ؾޱ䣬һɫô벻ףһʮҵȻܹӳǿ
ŰҲɫһȻܹȴûаպɵĽ¡


2217 ޳
ħ޳ĹϵɱȻʧ¶һ˿ЦݣͬҲһȣϵϢȻŴһЩûдﵽ򾳽ˣǸܵϢֱȥˣһ·һĶУħһɣÿһоһ֡
ЩȻ֪ħʲôȴһɫ
˶ڿУ׸߿֮У޳ڹħǰħ治ɫɿݵָǰһ㣬һƬĿһ͸һ㣬˲ͣ޳Ĺ棬ֻ¡һ޳ǰʱ޴˲佫ΧһжɨҲǽԼϵͷųŽԼȶڿС
ʱ˿˵ٴγ𺳵ɫֻһǲǶԱħǿе𾪣ǹ޳ʮȻñħͨ仯
Ϊô𣿡
ʱ˿̣Щ˿ʼ޳ݣ޳ʵǸ޷һܹǿʵЩҲ÷ˣ޳ӿʼڸûʹ飬ΪһԱûнʹóǱûʹóʵһȺĺ޳Ÿǿ
˵Щˣǻ˼ʮıħҲδֹ̥ﵽ񾳽֮ʹõǱͬʹõǿ߲ܹʹõĻûκԣȴҪκԵҪǿ󣬿ΪʲôȻ޳ϵ֮иеһ˿壬·ǸҪԼǿĶһ㡣
ϴһ˿Цݣ޳˵Ӧò˰ɣ
޳һվԶĺ¶һ˿ɫ֮Ժһ˸ߵĿУΪ˱·ս˺޹ˣΪ˸һ뿪ĻᣬһĻᣬԼһôõĻᣬǺǲأ
ںߣźǵĿ޳ǸһΣ⵱ǵԹ壬ƽʱ˽޳һʱ޳ĹȴͷԸ衣
㣬ڣǿ߰ɣ
޳սôܾô뿪أ˦Ի˵֪޳ӡ󲢲ãˣ޳޳ڵˣΪΪô飬ôܡ
ˡ
۾֮д⣬û˵һ仰ʹһ֣ôԼһˣԼ޳룬Ϊ˴롣
һܴúŵĲ֪˲ֹͣתڶݵϢ֮ڻָƽ
¶һ˿֮ɫߵĻᣬ˵Բҡ
Ҫ˵ˣ
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˿޳Ȼٿ˿ᣬȻ˵ͷ˵ߣ
֣ٶȲر죬ɱϾҲǱһ۷ǿߣʱ˵עϷսĶҲǸ˴һܺõĻᡣ
Ψһע⵽Ƕ뿪ֻ޳Ȼ޳ʱںͱħս˼ȴȫںϣ񺣿Ѿ뿪ˣûʲôɵ
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޳Ͻһ˲佫ӺСڴʱȴһһ㣬Ƭâ֮޴Ľ޳֣޴ĺ쳹
˿Ž޲ɵɫһ䣬жͬһ뷨Ǿ޳һϵʹõôǽϵģ
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Щ˷һ̾ԱߵıŰȴһ˿ǵɫıħź޳սȥῴ޳츳Ӷס޳һ֮ǰ˽⣬һȴļʶ޳ǿѾﵽֵزȥʮ󡭡
ʮͨ˵ʱֻܳ˵ȫһգ۵ʱ䡣
Ȼ޳˵ò˶ʮʱ䣬ٹʱ䣬ֻ¾ԼҲ޳Ķ֡
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޳ٴνϵͷųڿг˱ʵı壬һ˲䣬Ǻ嫵ʵٴαɫ
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Щ˸޳ϴĴ̹ǵıϵ·ԼҪҲһһ㡣
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ǿ޳ʱʩչеޱȵĲ죬Ȼ־ȣñŰеӷꡣ
һȫϵߣ
޳ʹñϵʱͻȻоԼ֮ڵıԪƺĳֱ仯ʲô仯ԼҲ˵·Լ֮ǰˮ¹ͱʵĳһȫͬˣҲΪˣ޳ʩչŻǿ
޳۳ıЫ֮Уƺ̺űʵһ˿ʶ
ʵˣĿɭ֮УεıڿӣͻȻ֮䣬۾һƬѩɫеĺӱ۵Ŀ
ʣôӵģ
ӰڱʵϵĶݺݵͷϣ˵ôӵġ
ţɲңҸղƺ޳Σգƺںһǿս
ʲôǿߣ
ƺ֮У磬֪Ҳ޷޳
޳ͻǵ鷳õģ޳ǰδģٴΣҲõ
ֻ֮õ˵ͷ
ⲻܸо޳֮еЩ֣ƺõ˷˵Ĵһ㣡
ˣôܣ

޳֪ʲôȴ֪νͷųһȣûһЩ⼼ɣǵԼͷųѡ
һľ磬֮ǰ޳δ˵̤ˣǰǽڿ֮еһȴ壬ģ޳ϵıԽԽŨڱϵĸ֪Ҳǿܹ֪Բǧ֮УκһˮԪء
۾ظһУȻ֪Ϊʲôߵһ̾ʱ˿һ˲ľٶ۾һĨ޳۾֮г֣޳ԼΧһɫ͸Լ״һˡ
⡭ⲻǱ𣿡
޳ڱ˼壬һǱ˼ֱϵѲǼһŮȻͻȻһŮٶһҲΪ


2218 ľʶ
޳Ҳû뵽ԼȻҲ飬һ
ѲԼ֮ûǸҵ֮У
޳뵽һ䣬ĵ˱ħȻ£еɵĻԼ֮еıҪɱԼԼɱȻԼ֮ǡ
ȻҲû뵽ԼȻΪ޳飬Ե޳֮۾֮Ҳ¶֮ɫ
ôᣬô飡
޳˵ľ̾ϲɵ¶һ˿Цı飬ΪҲ֪Ϊʲôǰ˵ɻЩ϶¶ԾɫǻǵһοԼʲô֪ˡ
Ƿ̰
ܿʲôԭǱ˵ķֻǲĴ֮ʶѣȻǴ֮Լֱ޳ɣȻһݱ˵Ĵм޽ӵ޳ϡ
ڽ鶼Ļϣɵö޳еӾȣ˵ĴбǴٴǿĴ֮һѪ֮޷ܣ޳һβסĴ֮ƺһӰ춼ûС
֮дɫû뵽޳ȻҪԼĻҪǿ󣬶Լ޳ǵһ£һ£Ͼɴ֮һ룬ʶҲʧ޳ӵľ
ֻԼľȣ˿ûע⵽˿ںΧ״ܵЩǿϢ֮ɫʱ仯
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￴ŲԶıħǺʶһ㣬˵ž
ħԼԭȻ˸˳һɫǰıˣŵ˵ǰǴ֮ء
žȫסˣףǿޣôǰ顣
޳ƺʶɵɻ˵ô£
ﲻҪ˵ֻҪһ޳֪룬һ˲䣬ͱžļ޳Ժ֮С
ԭⱱžҲҪ֮ؽܴУֻϧ֮вûбѪԱܾˣ߳ŭҪ֮ظٵշһڱ˼塣
޳֪龭֮вԭžһѱ˼岢ı⣬Ǳ˵ıȣѾԼ飬ûⱱŰ֮ǰԼ
޳ȫ֮ߡ
޳ӵ֮󣬾ȵķ״̬֮£ԼûģҲ˵޳ʹö೤ʱʹö೤ʱ䡣
޳㲻Ҫ̫⣬似ǿ󣬶ķ޿ɱģ֮һ㶼ܲΪĵȫҵȥҲ޷ֶʱ䡣
޳ɵʱʵ˵㵱ܣõǿӲֶǡ
Ͷ࣬ҵģ³ֻ·һ
ﲢûкڣǴżֵ֮ɫڴ޳ܹ鷳һ
޳ɫʱĻžлᱨˣȻŹԼ
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ǰʮģôЩһǱżڱһǱϹϾҪȫ׸һǻȴʲô˼˥ܣǱżҲǱ˼һԱ˭峤һͬ˵峤ҿԱ֤㲻ˣǱżɶԱһϹϾ֮ǰûκα仯
ŰžҲ֧Լ峤ǳŵ϶ʱ¶һ˿Цݣ֪žλãȻž֧ԼΪ峤ǶˣϾ޳츳ǿҲʲôá
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žﲢûлش׷˵ֻʣ˵ıѪǿŰһ
޳ܹܵõԥ뷨޳Ȼںͱ֮ϵܺãȴһ޳ԶҪɱԼ
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ﲢûлش𣬶žȴһȻӣʲôû˵ƺѾ֪˴𰸡
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޳ܵĳǱ߿ȥ̧ͷһ˲䣬ȴܵ޴Σա
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޳һ̾ҪԼĿͶԷжӣȴѾˣһڹ֮
˸ܵڹ֮ľһɫɷס
ôӴһ۷ߣѲɱžűһɵӣ
Щ˳𾪵˵
һ˲䣬Ƕ֮Ĺâ޳壬޳̱оԼԴܵ˳صһһ󴸻һ㡣
޳ٴ۾֮߳ɫĻ棬޳Щϲܵĥ
޳ûж֪ԼڵĴˣղŵһ񹥻һԼþ֮С
޳ǿһĻþ޷޳ס޳ȴͬܵ󷨵޷ѡ
ΧɫĻҲ޳евȻʱ֮ڸ޷Լʲô仯ʱһһĪʹд޳г֣޳ɵһɫѿ
ȼҵʶ
޳Ҳ˲ˣ͵طɵУսꪳ޳ϣ͵سɫĻȥ޳ȫһڻʲôЧҲ
Ķʧ֮𺣵ıĿҲ޳ǰ·һ۾һ޴۾һͫ޳ϣ˫۾޳Ũĵ⡣
޳Ȼֻǿһ۾һѣȴ˵ȫ˵ȻҲӦ㣡
޳Ϊ޷Ӧָ߰ĴڣȫмСԼôһ߼ƽϣˡǷ˴֮γɵʶͷ˲ûʲôϵ޳޷жһֶΡ
޳¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫһᣬԼ֮м֤˼˥Լ֮һһ
˿޳ʧɥǲ¶һ˿Цݣ˵޳޳뷨δҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ռ𣬸޷׽Ǵĸ
ڵȷˣӦ÷㻹ڵһ˲ͽĨɱĻҲ顣
ϧֻ֮һ˻Ǹ˽ң
˵仰֮˫۾СǱɫĻҲȫʧ޳ſԭϵɫâǱһشϸС档


2219 켺
˵彥Сһ״СķˣʱҺ֮ǰһ޳ˣϾ֮ǰйһα޳ܵľ
޳ΧһƬ磬ɻʵ
ʶ֮С
޳˵仰еЩЦһȻҪԼ֮нԼԼˣҲһʧ
޳е뷨ȫͨЦչֳˣԱֱӻش˵Ϊһôɵ𣿡
ϸֳһ˿Ц޳˵ҽɱ֮󲢲ȥֻҪ㻹״̬ұ㲻ǲȥҿӵǱܣҲΪŶһǧܿʹﵽ񾳽磬ȻֻҪҴﵽ񾳽磬Ϳñ˼Ϊһ壬ܵĻǧ֮ҵʵˣ֮λĪˣ
޳˵һǻûбʾͬҲû¶ӣ˵ûз뷨͵뷨һģ֪Ļһֱ֧ء
ȷˣҲ뷨ȻҺǱһ֣ȻǶµʶͳΪһµĸ壬κˡ
޳űѾ¶˾ģ֮һǾ̫ķϻֱӿսǣս棬޳κˡ
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һɫĻӷ˿γһƬ𺣣޳
޳ɲСϾһߵĻ棬ܵ˲ʹĽѵͬʱȼյĸоɲ볢ԵڶΡ
޳ʹóϵķȻԻ̬֣ȴκζֻЩ⻹
޳ñϵԱϵĻͲκЧˡ
޳лսսģʱ׼ܣ޳ԼĹĽס˵ʱзɷ¶һ˿Ծɫ
˵ʵôǿ󣬷Ǳ޳ǿ󲻶١
޳Ȼ𵱳˸Լ˵ĻǴ֮ѣִ֮޷սԾһǱҲôͷʼÿһʹԼήΪ
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޳ͻȻһԭǱǱ˶ѹˣһֱû
޳ڸеϲͬʱҲ¶һ˿ɻı飬ǱǱʵȻ֮ͣΪʲôҪѡԼսӦǵ޷Լɱ
޳еʱ򣬲֪ΪΣͻȻܵһĻţܵĳű￴ȥǱԹԵվԼǰûжԼ֡
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޳зһɻĸ̾
ɾ޳ŬԼʱ޳ǰĿռͻȻѿһ޴ѿڣѿ֮һ޴Ĺâ˲Уֱӽ޳Ǹâ֮С

޳һȣǾ޴ʹȫ޷ܣܵʴһ㡣
޳ˣԭ֮ĺԼսΪǶһˣбž֧֡
һƭ㡣
ھҵʹ֮У޳Ѿ޷ǰıˣΪǰֵһƬӰ
Ϊ޳ȫûвˣɣʼĩ޳
֪Ϊʲôž𣿡
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޳ͷۻش𣬴ʱ˿̣Դֻһ⣬Ǳʱ䣬ڻûԿİ취
û뵽˵Ȼţž֮ؽܴУڴ֮عʮʱ䣬ҲŽ˵Ĵ֮κȲ˵ǱΣϱͱ˵Ĵȫ㣣ڽܴеĹУЩˣʱҳ־ҰʣڹȻʮʱ̣ܶڱžѾʦˣŲᱳѱ˼壬𣿡
޳Ļһ׹ˣϸֳһ˿Ц
֮ûнģΪҺ֮һԣѰ˸ģ
ĵ֮ɫܹ޳Ū֮гɾ͸С
ԭˣ
ԣȻѾ֪ǰˣȥɣ
һռ֮Уһɫĳ֣߳߸ķ·ܹһնһ㡣
ʱ˿̣޳Ӧôһ޷ж״̬ڣһ֮޳ɣǵ֮޳ҲͻȻʧˡ
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֮г˲죬޳ֵķ򣬷ĹһԵǡ
Ѳɺϣ
޳ڵӣûǸѹɵøеһ˿ңͬʱý
Ҳ޷ϵıžһñžιΪεĴ֮޳᳹ʧȥ޳ƺѸٵĻظ
¶ֻŵɫ૵˵ұǿûᣬǲֹǰģ
һӿг֣һɫӿг֣ѸٳȥǴһ㣬תۼͳ޳ǰ
ţԼĹѾ޳ô޳ʱȫʢ״̬Ҳ޷㿪
޳ȷûж㿪Ϊֱӳ۾͵ڱǳԾģ֮£ֽץס
ôܣ
˳ԾĿ޳޳Ȼץסȴ̲ס׹ȥݺݵˤڵϡ
޳վԼƨɣ¶һ˿εɫ˵û뵽ھռ䣬ˤ֮Ҳôۡ
￴žһûһ޳۾֮гţ˵޳ôôͻָ
޳ǰҪΪԼı¶֮ɫԱ˵ʵⱱžĹȷǿһǿߵһܹͨܵˣΪ˱ֱɱңԽˣҲΪˣԲĻᡣ
֮ܶҪһ˵ĻǾȥұž鷳ɣ˭Сأ
ʵҲֲñžѾ޳츳ˣûн޳ܡ
޳һԶͱţһ󣬽ϵıݺݵ֮С
ܹԼĹɱﻹ˵ģϾܶ˶ûֻᡣ
ӱ۾֮Ѹʧ﷢һҵУʧһ̣ռ֮лصһ仰
޳ˣտñ˼壬ҪΪҶ񡣡
֮ҲƣҲһ޳һֱΪ˱˼壬ҲЩ
޳ʧͷĴʯͷڷˣ˲ᱳԼ޳ҲһҪɱԼ˴Լڡ
޳һٴ۾ʱԼڻص磬Ѿ˿ģɵǰıžʱε̾˿
û꣬ôôˣ


2220 벽׷ɱ
޳ľһָЩȻܹܵõ˱ž֮⣬˭֪޳ʲô飬ΪΪĹɡ
ž޳Ҳ¶һȻ֮ɫ·֪ս޳ʤǱ˻ʤ
޳֮ɵ˿˵ôܣ
޳ӣǱȡʤ֮г֮⻹˼˸С
޳Сӣ㽫ǰ
žϵϢʱͷųһʱ׼޳ɱ˵ӣ޳Ҳţ¶һ˿Ц˵ûһľôˣ
žһǿߣ޳ҪлĿһ㶼ûУ޳ҲָԼܹл
ԼôĥѲŴﵽֵĵزֱȥĻ̫ˣôԼҲҪ֮Ŭһ°
޳뵽ˣǽ䵭ٴγ֡Ϸ˵ʶѾʧˣǴеڣ޳ܹԼøǿһЩ޳Ȼ˷ѡ
鸽壬޳ٴδﵽȫʢ״̬һͬһһ㣬Ȼȥ
Щ˿޳ľٶһ¶֮ɫǵ޳ģ޳Ϊ۷ܹӹǿߵ׷δҲ̫Դˡ
û뵽ڱ˼ȻǿߣϧϧĻպȻǰ;
ն죬һ˽㣬ôǿһţ䣬ҹᰲġ
һȺȻǵжԹϵƽʱһ㣬ϾǼĴڣп˵ˡ
ΪҲ֪ʵҲôġ
ûĴȫΥĹɣܹӦǺˡ
˵Ǽʣ
Щ˼׼ȷܽᣬϲɵ¶ЦݣЦ֮Уִĳη塣
ѾƽӼʧ֮Ŀ㿪ʼ붯֮СʧĴ֮һı˼ϾҪ壬ͻȻĳһ޳⼸ʮ귢飬ʮ黹ҪУһԤʲô
޳뿪žҪ׷ɱܼ򵥣ֻҪ޳ǰĿռ˺ѣֱӴȥǡ
žϾһǿߣҪЩ˿Լ׷ɱһСʧݡ
Ѿͨղŵս˽޳ʵ֪޳ܹӵʲôزڲԶıŰ˵úõһǻʽһСڵֵزǾԼȥ޳ɱˡ
Űһ㶣漴־ϲ֮ɫ
ôģϾ޳˵Ŷ֮ɱ֮ޣ޲ܽ޳ʬΡ
õ˱žȻ̶޳ٶȺܿ죬ǺͰ벽ǿȽϻѷɫһЩ
ЩһԹսҲŹûᣬһͨ׷ٶȣΪǷӦһ㣬Ժ֮Ѿ˺ܴľ룬Ǿ׷ϣȴ֪ܲ׷ϡ
޳ٶǱ̬۷ľ֮ڸĶ֡
Щ޳뿪ķвɵһ̾۾֮дžɫ
޳һӽıŰҲоһ޳ٶȿҲͰˣϢƮģҲ˵һСĵĻὫ޳
žû׷ʧڿУһֵĵطǺ෴ķ򣬶֮УŮھ
ǼŮ
ڱžֵ˲䣬оԼ屻һĪס޷תͷıŰгĵ˵û
һ۷ǿߣԱžûʲôɻ򾳽ѣǿѹ֮£ɫѾࡣ
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ҲһԸˣ޳ʧȥϵѾˣһв
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شĺܼᶨ֪ԼǿߵĶ֣ǰһֵסһѹСԻ˵ȵסߣȻ޳û£ǰҲһƽģصͰȫˡ
û뵽ʱ򺣿оȻԼҡҡԼ촽ҡͷ˵㣬ǲһģ
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̾˿֮ȴûа֣ǳжҪסһӦǰıžɵĶٵһ룬ȴ·ͻȻһ㣬޷ж
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ǰĻӾԼԽԽԶԼ޷ֹ˱žԻĿơ
žߣǰıŰǺ˵ĳ͹죬ɫѿ˵㾿ǹ
žǺµϲ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ǹҷ˷ǹ񣡡
žԻвԼ̾ⱱž̫޳ˡ

ҲУߣȻ˼壬Ȼñ˼ʧ
ž¶һ˿Цݣ˵ӦҺǱ˵ʦͽ֮飬˼ȫԸΪżҡ
ɫѿ˵ͷҲûа취һ˿Բηȴۻᡣ
ž¶һ˿Цݣһӣ˸ûзӦԼͳڵı˼֮ˡ
һǿȻǿ󣬿޳Ѿڼǧ֮⣬Ҳ޷֪Ҳû׷ϡϾŰһ벽ǿߣһС޷׷ϣ޷ƷĻǺͷҲûʲôˡ
ʱ˿޳ͱŰڲϵ׷𣬶Ѿʣ޼ֻ߰˸벽ǿڼ֡
ŰҲ޳ŪЩŭظں棬޳ѾԼĹΧ֮ʱϲɵ¶һ˿Цݡ
ܣ
ӱŰɢһǿ޳еٶٿҲȲǿһ֪ԼӦôźá
Ҫˣ
Ӻ׷˿˵ӣɵ÷һп
޳ڶ㿪ʱὫٶȽҲ΢ͣٱñŰ׷
޳ڱɫͬʱҲֳһ˿Ϊ֪ЦݡתͷıŰһѾͶ˼
޳û뵽ԼôһɣҸ㣬ұŰ³
Űһͳϰǿһ벽ǿ߻ӳ˵޳ˣգɽӣǿĹ֮Ҳᱻն롣
Щ˿Űʱľٶһͣ棬ûй˼ϾŰһ˵ܵģ±ನ


2221 ֮
ڴһ٣
޳ѣѵҪ뱻֮У֮£һñŰóѡ
޳ûн˼ڶ֮ϣһɱɫ޳֮ɢһΧĿУЩ˲ûнЩ£ϾڱŰְ벽ǿ˵ЩڵʽһôûС
Ⲣֱܹ䣬ϾˣǶϰֱֱȥս޳ȴƫƫ˳ǵ˼
ʲôѲǷ
նΪķȻɾЩ޷赲סıŰĹ˵ŷأ
Ȼ²⣬Լоͽ𰸸ųˡ
ԣ޳ƺûܵ˼
һߣӦǾĳĳϣϣ˫ȴɢĹâǻۡЩ˶ҲĹȲ˵ʹʵǻۣЩ˶ֳ⡣
˵޳Ҫ
˲ûлشֻһ޳Ǹ򣬷·𵥵ǿ޳ܹ޳뷨һ㡣
ڴĴ𰸣ȴʲôû˵·˶似֮С
ǿ޳֣޳ˣô˾似似Ҳѵһ
һпϲе¶ɫ
һ޽ڶһ˲䣬޳ڽʴԼ似ˡ
ƽʱ״̬µ޳ǿƵһ似Ҫٵʱ䣬ڱ״̬£ԼڱϵĿƴӣʹõʱҲԽԽ̣ܹԼʮԶʱɣѾ
޳ӳԱһ࣬˷·Ѿ˱֮У޳ӰŴӱ֮г֡
ȷôһ޳һвƨû𣿡
޳ոս֮УǸ漴ƻ˸ûп޳ӱ֮гڱƻ˲䣬ǻܹܵ޳Ϣܵشһƺߡ
Ͼ֮˾޴ľࡣ
޳ˣ˵Ԥ֮УҲԤ֮⣬ϾǵΪ֮У޳һǿߣˣҲӦøӺһġ
Ű¶ЦݣϵѸѾܵԼ޳ˣԼղŵĹ֮У޳ʵôǿҲֻ·һ
Цݸոո֣ǻûǶȣһȺϤϢǰ֡
ȵ۾ŬԼһЩ
ղѾ޳ɱˣҲ˵޳ֵܳģΪʲô
ΪȷԼղܵϢΧЩ벽ǿȥҲһһ¶𾪵ɫ֮Լոյĸܲûгǵȷ޳ϢҲֻһ޳һȺ޳
޳Ȼˣûʧ˵ʩѾʧЩγɵĶȻҲʧˣڣŶ⡭
޳û
Щһ¶֮ɫͬʱ¶һ˿ɬЦݣϾǶǰ벽ǿߣ鱻ȥһȺ벽ǿ߱һ۷ϷŪ棬Щһ޴档
Եǿ޳֮һʱȻ֪Ӧô޳ˡ
ΪԾĻǱŰѾ޳ʵǸ߹ˣȴû뵽޳ܹ֮¾һܹŻˡ
޳վڱĺ棬ʱѪһƬؿ֮һ˿ڣ˿ϺеģȻڹ޳֮޳ǿнԼתΣա
ˣ˸ٵĹ֮£޳ǿȥˣܵҲǳأοа벽ǿߵ޳ľж޳˺
޳֮ɫѾøѿǰԶıŰǲϸֳЦݣʱӺǱңǱŰ޳ûɫҪ޳ѿϾһǿߣ߻ôǿһԹսһһϵЩǿ߶ӡ
һ۷С鷳һЩ˶ʵ⣬պǳΪ˼ļЩǰŰҲ̧ͷ
Űʱ˿̵ȷ̫ˣЩ˲͹ŰʵֻԾ޳ʵǿ
޳ŰɫһЦЦ˿ڣֲɵһԱŰ˵ŰϹ㲻ɱΪʲôȴεĶ飬ǲɱأɱأ
޳һƿν޵Ув˳ıŰͻȻ޳ģıģȻڴʱңҲһ㣬ȴþ޷˼ƽϢǰ޳֪ԼڼȥĻȫ޳ļơ
λǰǿҪ֤ⱱŰǿֵģʴ֮ҪѧϰģԳ֮ʱҲҪԷһء
Щ޳Щһɵ¶ЦݣǿŴʱ˿̵ıŰɫǸ֣һһżĲҰףһɫһ㡣
Щ˿ֵͬʱҲڰֹⱱŰҪ޳ĵˡ
ǲûСﱱŰǶԱŰ壬ҪǴڱŰʱ˿̵λãֻͱ޳Сǻˡ
ЩһűŰɫɵ÷һ̾ŰʱԼŭù˼Щ˵ĿйĻ޳ѾһˣƫƫҪţڳһ벽ǿߵϣֻ޳˼
ŰһÿһὫһƣ޳ȴһûܵӰ죬֮ǰһ޳˵ˣ⼸ιȴ޷޳ֺ
޳Ӵӱ֮гϴһ˿Ц⣬˵ȻˣⱱǰŹ£Ȼ㲻ɱңǸɴֱֹͣӷ뿪ɺã
˱һ仰һЦ
ҪıŰЩ˶Ц֮УǾ浴Ȼ޴棬ָ޳ϵϢǿû˵͵˺Ҫôʱ򣬱ŰͻȻ۾һɣһؿڣһѪҪ˱Ű
޳Ҳû뵽ԼĻȻЧҲջɣʵֻŰ˼άѡ
Щ˿űŰӣһɫõһ벽ǿ߾ȻᱻһѪ֮ǰ޳֪ûűŰǣŰִԹñˣֻܹԼӿ̫أ޳ɳ֮
֮ǰﻹеѰϾԼЩ޳ͱˣҪֱֻ֣Ű̫ɵôϵ


2222 ֻŵıŰ
ǰôˣ
޳ЦʵŰ˫ĿʧעҲûԼϣϲɵ¶һ˿Ц
״̬ѾԤϣʹóһֻΪ˻ԼıѸ뿪
ĿѾﵽˣȻͣ
ò뿪ΪղſűŰʱ򣬴ɢΣոǰδеǿԼϷŪӶԼԶǿԼ
޳ӿٶȣ֮˼ʮǧ׿⣬ͣΪղŷһŭǾ޴޳ķֵס
һԿֵ֮ҲòͷųԼԼһվмıŰвɵһ̾ⱱŰҪʹóǿˣ޳ܹ
뵽ˣЩ˳޳ķȥ޳ֻһϢٶ࣬еıһ˲ȫƻҲȻ޴ɿǱѾˣҲһƬɫڱŰĶһƬɾգû޳ټ
ЩҲе죬ΪҲûп޳ô뿪ġ
ղ˵עڱŰϣΪ˷ŰĹԼòʹ似޳ͳʱôǿߵƤѡ
Щ㿴ҿ㣬һɵ·¶ļ֮ɫϾ޳ʵǿǶʮѣҪǷŵһ޳ʲô
޳ɱѾǱŰһ˵ˣ˶ΪԼûгֶеںޡŰվԭأ¶ӣԴֻ֣Ǳǡô죬ô졣ô졭
ñž֪޳ˣһ۷ʵŰŪѪݺݽŰѵһ٣Ӵ˱Űܵء
򡭡
ԱħƢŰ˱ż棬ֱӴҲǲܣ
ôŰһҪȥž飬Ͼ޳ո뿪ãԱžʵܹҵ޳
ҲǸŻص˼塣
˵һֱԱ߿֡Ҳûǰְһ£ǲ̫һ㡣
ѵ飿һ˵˱ŰĺɽǱħ
仰֮¶һ˿ҵЦݣ˵˵öԣǵȷܲţҲܹܡ
޳֪Щ˵뷨һŭôһȺ޳֮ˣԴ֮г˿Ҳûбˡ
֪Ҫ֪ʱ˿̵ıŰѰ̼뷨ˡ
ľսĻص˼壬Щ˶ʰžϢûأȻڴõЩˡ
ž棬ͻҲûһλ£žһǿôСƽϣֻҪǶ˲鷳Űǲǳֵġ
ʱ䱱žһֱڱĿСصȴűŰĻϾŰôƵһ飬Ϊ޳ĺֶǶ˱żӣ黹սᣬ峤֮λǱŰ
ž̬ѾȻű仯Ѿӵʵһǿ߸ԼĶ֣Ѿվ۷ˣһƺţҪҲգҪľԼΪһоηĴڡ
ʵϱŰһֱôһڣֻԼûעѡ
ܵ˵ϢѾˣһ˿õɫһ벽ǿȥ׷һ۷߾Ȼôʱ䣬ⱱŰһ
ߵĺ˵ŰѾˣǸСҲѾˣ㻹ǸһȥԹԵĽɣҲɱ㣬һɱѾͷɱĵˡ
ͷųɱɲǼٵģ֮ܵɵһ䣬˵ͷ˵ãҴӦ㣡
Ű仰ϸֳһ˿ЦݣԺ˵ͶˣʵǲֵģùԹԵ
Ҽ޸ŰҲУýˡ
ž۾Żῴһۣ֮ǰϢ˻һֱ֮ӱɻһ֣ûʵǿ
ܹʵϲûЦݣ֮¶һ˿˵ɫź˵㣬Ҫ㡣
žɲŮߴߴ˵ЩķĻֱ˳ȥոճȥ㿴ԼǰıŰ
Ǹʲô
Ҵˣûܽ޳ɱ޳ϷŪˣ
Űһǿߣʱȴڱžǰſǻ˵һеԭȻһո̤۷Сӡ
žŰ˵ɵһ£漴ϵɱ֣ȫŰУֻҪһⱱŰɡ
Щ˸Ϊһ޳ײϵıžһ¶ηɫȻȫûйϵɳģһžôԴ˾ԼԱžʵôںһ
˶ΪžҪŰɱʱ򣬱žǳŭȴƽϢűŰ˵㽫ʵ˵һ飬ʱһ˿һɱġ
Ű֮æͷԭԭ˵ǲǿһ±ɫƺںŰĵֻ޳ʩչѡ

վñżҵļȴڱǰ¹򣬶һǵô˵棬ǽǱżˡ
棬޳飿
Ѿ޳˦һΣԺȥ׷޳Ҳֻ³޳ʱ£ڵ֮һͺ֮䣬ס
ž仰ɵøеһȣӦ˵һãû뵽ԼôĹžȻܹԭԼ
ֻǱŰҲǰһĻ
ӷĺһ˶Լ֮УȵͱŰó׵ʱͻȻԱŰ֣ʵ۷壬ΪҪ޳ȴǿö࣬Ҫ˴벻ȫһĻŰҲ㲻
żˣɱһһʱ޳ҲиŻᣬûúûȥȴͻȻ洫޳ûϢһʱΪԼء
޳û
ΪҲΧҲûв󷨣ôȻˡ
û뵽޳ľ˵أ
˷ܵĵ˵ͷ˷ܵľͷܿʧˣǱøԥῴӣϲɵ¶ɫź˵ôˣѵ޳㲻𣿡
ȫ㲻Ϊʲô¶ֱ顣


2223 ԤϵĻع
ҵȻˡ
ȴû¶㿪֮ɫ
ֻ޳ûĻһǵģܴӱŰѣܹӱž𣿡
ں˵仰ʱ򣬴ıŰҲѯʱžžĻشͺ޼Ƕ׼޳ġ
ĻҺܿͱ˼֣ˣЩµķȫƳˣΪ֮ǰô飬ЩΪС˶Ծ뿪ˡͽᱱżΣգɷᡣ
Щһãʣµ˶ͷֻñ˼й⡣
͵еһʱ򣬱žȴͻȻɵУǿϢͷųǰգ·һ޴ĵһ㡣
˭
žһȣ̫ʱûг֮ܵŲ˳ΪǿߣϢ˾һȺո̤ǿûһˡ
ԱžƾϢܽǸ˵ݸ²
˿űžľٶһʱɫһžǿҲͰˣһǿߣǿֻǻʱŻ֡
˵ľ֮УڱžǰĿ˲䱻˺γһ޴Ŀռƣ֮УһϤӰɳȻݺݵˤڵϡ
Щ˿ⶫģ֮һɵñɫ˵޳Ȼ޳
žû޳Ϊʱ޳ѾһϢеûˣ֮еĹͷҲûһģһ仰˵ʱ޳һͷβķһ
ȻѾ˷ˣǾͶڱž˵һвûˡ
ĵĲ޳ǽ޳ʰӵˡ
ΧĿͻȻһŮˣɫͬһ·ճģȴɴֻ¶һ˫Щ˿Ů֮ɵõһȻ֪Ů˭ҲܵŮ˸ǿˡ
ôᣬû
ܼҵļŷгŵɫŷ֮ĵһĿܼҵļ֮г˷ŭһ˿븴˼
նܵǹϲɵ¶Цݣܵ۵ļ򣬴һС˵ôõһŮȻҲµȥɱ֣㵽׻ǲһ˰
ܵ۰˰նһۣû˼Ͱն쿪ЦΪŷûȷʵԤϣѸתԺ֮ôŷ顣
ŷﲻǣŷǲǣȻƽʱϴЦݣһһϤ˶֪ŷֶѾӣڵ˻С˻ҪС˵ˡ
ŷѾ֣ŷҲһ
ŷ֮ˣһرߵ˳˵ǰһ£ǫǫһǳףüëǹŵЦݡ
ڳ֮㳯űžһϹ˵ŷ𡣡
ŰŷҲһµӣҲͷ˾裬´ŷдһ˿ɫ˵˻˵ĴУ
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žĵ˵ͷ˵Ȼŷҵˣʵǿ󰡣
ܵ仰һԿЦܹԼǰ佱ŷҵˣ˱ž֮²ܻˡ
ŷǫѷһЦߵ޳˵·Сӣϸܵ˼Ϣ㽫˻ʵǲҳһ㣬ǰɱͼ֣û˼
û£һͷ֮
Ǿͺá
޳ӣæܵ޳ѯʵ޳ôˣ
޳¶һ˿Цɿ˵ˡ
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޳仰ɵ¶һ˿Цղŷ飬ǿһĨᰡ
޳ѱŰ׷֮󣬲ɵ˿ıŰ׷Ǳ㽵ڵϣԼϢأȷȫû֮ٳȻ޳ָʵʱͻȻܵԶһϤϢ
ŷ
޳û뵽ȻôɣԼոճñŷŷǱ߷ȥΪ޳ӵзѪ޳Ĳܿͻָˡ
޳֮ǰΪŷսΪϵϢǿ󣬷·ʲôһ㣬Ȼ޳֮ȴһвԼ룬ŷﲢû鷳
һϵĺõط
ɽˮ޳ȴܹܵõĽ̺ǿĵ··ŴϵҪȸӺˡ
޳ͻȻһָоԼһľȻڻϵ˺ôô˼һ̤
޳˼ǰ׼뿪֮ʱͻȻŷһУΪŷʲô飬̳ķȥ
ǰû°ɣ
޳һȣ漴ɹȥ֧Ԯŷڹȥ;޳ͻȻеһŷȻΣգΪʲôûиܵأѲɶǿ󵽿Խŷһл
ȻȪԱ˫ֻԼ壬ɢǿɱŷ֮޳ŷΪʲôڸղŷһˡ
ŷֻɫ÷¹ͷͷŷǴƶɢƤΪǵĳֲŻŷ﷢һС
Ȼ޳ȴΪֵһĻ˵ɼ˾ɱŷЩȴ˵Ŀݣ֮еϲûˣ޳޳޷Ӧ
ŷȫסˣһ˵޳
ŷΪ̫ԾԼʱ״̬ˣ޳Ӧ֮񽥽ɱ⣬һ˲䣬ȪˮˣΧʱһƬŨ֮У޳Ҳ޷ΧããһƬأ޳һڳԼѸƶԼܱߵɱҲԽԽŨ޳ɫѿ֪Լһˣɫѿ˵ǰҿɲǹġ
Ҫǰȵ㶼

ŷͣһᣬͻȻͷųǿϢ޳ϣ˵ղ㿴ʲô𣿡
޳˿ڿˮò˵ŷĺð¾Ʒûһ覴ã޳¶ɵ飬Ȼϡ
ûУʲôû
޳˵֮󣬶ٴһƬĬһŷ޳˵һҾȷŹ㣬뿪ߵԽԶԽãٿ㣬һοԲŹ㡣
޳仰ȫˣǰŷô׷ŹԼ


2224 ŷ
ŷ￴޳ȫΪϳŭɫ·˵Լ޳һȥĻ޳ȴϧ
޳ǷӦеܳˣӡ֮УŷȻڻɱԼҲὫԼʰһٺúйޡ
³޳Ҳֺǿˣǰŷɻ˵ʲô飬ôЩְ
ŷ￴޳ӣвɵøеһ޳ôô£ȻԼ뿪ֱ뿪ͺˡ
޳ԽԼϵıԪͷųǿеŨʧʣŷﻺ·ӡ
ŷ￴޳һӣԭҪŹ޳һΣȴˣĽϵ·ȥ߻ûдϣ֮г˵Ĳ⣬ɫ촽һһϣİг֣ؿ޳һۣ˵ôҵĻˣ
޳ɫúͮͮΪŷ⹴ԼŷԭΧĿһƬǵ鲻Խȼ޳֮ǰŷΪʲôҪϵͷųԭǵֵ֡
޳ɿһȻŷֱȫǶԼĸŷѹԼ֮ΣĻֻԼ뿪ˡ
޳һɿ֮һ־ڽ뻷źܺõЧ
ŷȻ˹޳ɵͣ·ܵʲô֮һ˿ȣĿ֮ɫ
ı̫ͬѰˣ޳ǲڱ壬ɵŷԼ֮ʱȵŷȫûʲô
Ǹ޳
ŷ޳֣Ŀ޳޳ȫһƬȫ֪ʲô顣
޳ǹȥˣ޳ŷ˲䣬һǿϢŷ֮ɢͬʱŲǿҵɱ⡣ȻǿңҲŽԼɱ뷨
޳ɵñһǰŷ˵ǰǰҪʲô
ɱ㣡
ɱҪһЩɰɣ
ɱҪ𣿡
ŷһʣ֮ȫûаɫǰһӵŷȣֱǻһˡ
޳̲סʣŷ𣿡
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һ޳ǰ˲ըŷС޳ǰһţһ˲䣬޴Ǵ޳ǰһ޴Ļɽ緢еһ㡣
޳Ҳһʱ佫ԼͷųһӣȫɣҲΪһ˲䵯ȥ
޳ŷ𣿶ڿ仰Լǲ˵ˡ
ɾ޴֮У޳ǧףȻݺݵˤڴʯ֮ϣ⾭ܹɽʱʴʯͷͱüӲ޳һȥǽ˼Ӳʯҳһе˳Ǹڳ޳ȥ޳ɫѿ
ҪɱңΪʲô
޳ȻղŵŷƾŷԵԸӦòƽ顣
ѲʲôȲѵԭҪɱҡ
޳ɵøе벻ŷѵȵĶȫˡϧԼ޳¶һЩʧɫʹģǱԼε˱ѡ
񺣿Σ֮У޳ûʱŷڵ飬ŷʱվԶûй׷Լ˼ʹóһ˲ʧ
֪ҾԲˡκһռ˵ˣȴƺôѵ֮ǰ˵ĻһжңһУ
дֵŷ۾޳뿪ո¶֮ɫֱɿֻţŵ˵ǵġ
ѵŹ
ŷﳯ޳ȥķһۣ񽥽ؼᶨٵĳ޳Ǳ߷ȥ
ɣżʱ䣬ʵˣ
ŷܵ޳ʵͷٶȣвп
ϧ޳ԲΪ
ŷȻ뿪طͣ޳˵޳ȵȣ
Ҫɱһҵ㣬ɵӲôأ
޳һпȴ鲻ԽĳȥŷղŵıЩ֣һҪŹԼһҪɱԼģһЩʲô޳ȫƭУǲҪ֪оʲô顣
תͷŷУһȹͬƮķҶһ㡣ȻЦ飬ǳ޳һˣһĻΪĻ̫̫ˡ
ôˣ
޳ͣ½ŲԶԶؿŷһŷҪԼ֣ôԶľҲ޳ܵġ
ŷÿԼɵÿѯʵʲô飬ղΪʲôҪɱң
ŷﲢûлشȻˣȴֱˡ
Ⱦң
ŷԵ޳ǿջһɯһɱ֡
޳ɵøеһΣŷıҲ̫˰ɣŷ޳ʱ˿̶ŷݲˡ
ŷ￴޳ûй˼۾֮жһ˿ŭԼòױֳ⸱ģ޳ȻȫϵѲԼɫ޷޳
ŷҪ֪޳ЩŮˣʱ˿һԼôȫѻʯ֪ʱȴ޳ͫһս˲޳ϣԼ߳ȴȫ
ŷﲻ֪ʲô飬ȴ֪һܺõĻᣬ޳ڿȻ͵ؽԼһ˲ǳ޾һһ㣬ڸûз޳ϴһ˳һɣ޳һ˺ͻˣڻ޳֮޳˲֡
˵飬ôܣ
ŷ￴ǰŵһĻ֪޳磬ôϻ飬Ѳǵ
ŷٴλǰôȷһУж޳ɱٴμһ֣Ҳ֪˭ӱŷŷֽάȵľء
޳Բˣ
ŷ͵һԼϵ˳ɣ޳ǿҲ̱Ρ
ţ
ŷﶯ֮ʱһִֻ֮̽ץסŷ֣˵ʲôͷΪʲôб˼飿
˳֮ŷ¶һֻŵɫ˵ѯʣæ˵磬޳Ŀˡ
ŷĿ缸֣ɫʱ仯˵Ͷˣ


2225 ֮
Ͷˡ
ߵŷ޳֮ж˼ĸ飬·޳Ǿʶһ㣬ŷǣߴŵĻ˸ʶ
ŷҲ֮УԼĸ磬ɻ˵磬˵ʲôͶˣ
ҲµòĻӦüĺ㲻Ǽӡ


޳ŷﶼ¶ȵɫȫû뵽ŷȻ˲²޳ݣתһ⵹Ҳֲŷ𣬱Ͼ˱˼֮⣬ű˵飬Ǹܵ顣
ŷ޳һвܵ鶼ɿܣԵ޳ʹó֮ŷֻԸеȣֵĲûжôţҲΪˣŷΪ֮ǰѾ޳ϱ飬ŷ޳֮ϵǳãԲŻֹ޳Լǰ¶ݡ
ΪһжԼ²һȴ޳һ۾ǰ޳ееˣǿĲ˵˵ʲôҲŲǱ˼أ˵ǰ˭
ŷ￴޳һ첻µزµӣϲɵ¶һ˿Ц޳˵Ҹ硪ŷ𣡡
޳֮ǰ˵ŷҵĹɣŷֻʣµŷŷΪŷڻյĿźܺõۣҪŷۣ֮˵һֳֻһ˼
ŷһµĴڣһܼһͽˣŷЩһ֣ȴΪǿ츳ʵѾΪ̫ϳһУΪ񾳽ʵ̤˵ҲӦ顣
޳ŷ˼ɵҲԲŷԼŷƲ⣬ԼǺĶӣԼ̣ѾıҲ̫С˰ɣ
ŷ￴޳ִ֪磬ɵ˿ϾŷĻŷҪɱ޳ǾԲֹġ
ȻǼӣҾһȻѾ磬Ϊʲôúڵı˼ţֵܵط
⣬ŷҲе󣬱Ͼղſ޳ʱ޳ϷƣӦòǴŪá
ȣҲǼӣҺǸһϵûС
ŷ޳˵ʱסˣ۾޳˵ʲô
磬һǿЦģ޳ʵϾǼĺ
ŷæһЦ˵ŬƽϢŷϵŭ֪Լĸڼİ⣬ȻδۿԼĸ磬ʵһֱѹŰƾôŬ
ŷﱾΪ޳һ٣ȴû뵽޳Ȼȫûнŷ޳İˣȻ߳ŭֳ޳Ǳһȣһǿ˲ѹ޳ϣҪ޳ѹһ㡣
˵һ顣
˵һֺηǸ
޳ɲԼκξ⣬Ͼʵʼָ֮󣬿ǽԼĥĹǺ
޳Ŭͷ̧ǰŷЦһ˵û뵽ô˧һˣȻϲ磬ǡ
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޳·СɽȻ飬ŷɲžžһü£ɵıӻӴ޳ϣ޴ʹ޳ɫرѿûаӡ
޳ʵҲеǳȣŷȻ籱žʵҲǳǿ󣬲뵽磬ڱ˼壬Լһ֡
޳¶Ĳ֮ɫŷߵŷŷŷߣϵİȫʧһɶԭһĸϻһСèһŷߣŷŷĸƺֻô򵥣Ѳɵŷе˾ǡ
޳뵽֮ɫøѿŷ񣬱Լ𰸣Ȼŷ֮ȴӼᶨԼ뷨
ŷ޳֣ŷæֹ˵磬ס֣޳ž֮
ŷŷ˵仰ϳĿŷ˵ʲôʱ֪жˣ
ŷɫһ䣬˵˵ǣⲢǸжȳġ
ŷŷ仰жʱ˲죬ŷﻻ˵ʲô˼ôˣ
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ŷ𿴼ԼҴ޳ǳһ˿Цݣ۾֮гĿ޳˵òϲŷɣ
ôᣡ
ͽŷ˵ĻңĻһŷǰܾĥҿЦġ
ŷǱ˳ΣոеͻȻ¶Цݣ˲ɵøеһ졣
㽫ңҾͻġ
һЩϸ˵Σոȴӣ޳һŷŷһҲὫ˵һ㡣
޳տʼŷΪʲôҪô֣תһ룬ŷϲŷĻôŷļУһϵ֮ϣȻŷ֪١
Ȼͼûʲôϵȴǽˣ֮С
޳һŷﲻ˵鶼˵˳ŷ֪ЩȻǺܸˣŷȴ޳޵۾ݺݵؿ޳·ַҪ޳̵һ㣬޳вɵһΣԼڵǳֺãŷ֮ìܡ
ŷ֪Щ֮Ǽ֪ûлָͻص˼֮ɫûκα仯
޳󣬱ϾŷĶԼиĻӦòĿżͶ·ġ
޳ŷײһʱŷ֮иܵһ˿ŭ֮ɫȻ޳ٴκİˡ
һ˲䣬޳Լĵ˲ŷ𣬶ǱŷŷһὫ޳˵Ļһһ޳鷳
ŷҲоԼɱɱһЩ֮У۾޳˵˼ôˣʵشҡ


2226 
޳һŷŷѾĲ޳ˣͷһתһҲû˵
ŷ𿴼˵ӣ¶һ˿ɫ޳˵òϲɣ
޳֮ɫһ䣬æ˵ôܡ
һ˲䣬һǿɱ޳ϣһɱǴŷϴģ·޳ֻҪ˵һ仰һǳѿ³
ŷϽ¶һ˿ЦݣЦݷǳֲ޳ȫ֪롣
޳ԭԭ˵˳ڱ˼ʱ飬ŷҲԵ޳˵Щ֮ŷ͵޳ͺ֮Ĺϵһˣʶ޳תת⽫ŷʱˡ
ȻѾ޳ΪʲôҪôȴ޳޳޳¶һ˿Цݣвɵð̾޳ˣСνɱ˵ɱһŪŷǺεȴôϵ
иո꣬ŷ޳˵Ҳ˵ʱǰ˼·ϣŮʱ˿Σ֮С
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ŷﻹûüشȻ˳ȥһ޳еľǿ˲䳯ŷǱ߷䡣

һҽдɽ֮дҽʧ֮ŷǹѪ޳ǰȻ˷ǳأȴûаŷ˼ǽŭȫ޳ϡ
ŷŷģϵһЦߵŷǰĽŷﱧ谮˵Ӧϲľ׵ƭңȴôˣʲôɣҪܵѵܹԡ
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˵仰ʱǷЦݣȻǴ㽫޳ȥ֮Ͳܲˡ
ŷ￴Ŵʱ޳ϲɵ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ͽɻ˭Ҹģã
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ŷһּ粢ûг֮¶һ˿ʧɫԶԶĿűŰһ˵żӼ̤峤֮λ˶ˣƫƫûʲôһ˿
Űʱɫ¶һ˿ЦҲ֪λش۾ߵıžȥ
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ٿ޳֮Ļ֮ӣ֮£Լŷ𣬷ǵûվͬһ߶ȣұ˴֮仹ùϵŷľԼһҲһ

ŷгһ˿ɫԼ뷨ӸϾǳ룬ԼĸԶֻǽԼһƷ
Ҵﵽ񾳽ͻҡŷô룬ŻЩǰȡ
޳ʱ˿̵޳ȫһ취ûˣΪŷֹⳡȴû뵽ŷȫ޳͸žļ
ڸô죿
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޳¶һ˿ЦغͺһںĶ˵ţһҲһ׻ġ

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ž˱Űһۣдһ˿ͷ˵ʽѲ㻹Ұ
Űžôһۣ㱻ŵûɢϴһ˿ɬЦݣ˵ǡ
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ڱžû֮ǰҲ֪Ӧ޳ô졣
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ŰžûԼ¶ŭɫžԼž֮ǰԼɱ޳˱žɽǱΨΨŵŵˡ
һ޳ߣһǿϡһԱ޳һ˿ŭɫԺ˵ԺܹȵڸĻ
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޳ûдﵽ۷ľ磬ҲûǿĹŻ֮ǰְ취ȼձԴ֮ķʽͷų
޳ȻûгԹԼʱʹóӦû֮ǰá
ڴʱͻȻдһŮ˵ס֣


2227 Ĵ
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յȻôļȴ޷⣬Ǽԭʵһ˼峤ϡ
Ǽ磿ն˵Ѿʧ𣿡
ʧٵϢȻû紫ЩȴǷһǳ˼һֱ˳˳ˮڼʧ֮󣬱˼ֱ»ԲųִʱҪĳһĻ
⼸ʮôв綼ûг֣ƫƫ޳֮󡭡޳ϵı飬һ¶ȻɫΪжðһ뷨һŷһ뷨
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Ҳ֪˭Ⱥ˵ôһ䣬ŷӿ˶޳ͼ֮Ĺϵ۷׷ףߣֱ˵޳ǼĶӡ
Щеεľ޳ҪͣӹҪ˵ЩҲ޳ô͡
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ӿһɺϮеˮ˲˰ѩ£ʮʱ䣬Ѿһѩ
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޳ʶģ磬ӻܴǸߣȴ޳еԼʱ򣬸ûмˡ
޳Ҳ˵ʵһͨˣһܹͨڼ
ֺ󣬵һűžȥʱλıžһֻҲɵ¶֮ɫ
ⱱžķӦԱž˵žǱżҪʲô
˿ûΪžݶһ˿Ŀ֮ǰҲžԸˣ˶ΪžҪŭʱ򣬱žȴ¶һ˿Ц⣬ż磬Ц˵ñ˼峤ִ֧֣ü˾أΪһԱңȻӲ
ȻžЦ֮лʱʱ׺֮ɫɵ벻ļ磬ǼЩˡ
ŰҲȫסˣû뵽ΪԼ˼ǿ߾Ȼˡ
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žǸߣЦ˵û뵽ȻҲΪЩС¶ɲԸ񰡣
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ӿܴɫɵܴĺ󱳣һϸС˵޳ٴΪǱ˼˴󹦣СϸھֱӰѣ
¶һ飬ɵö޳˵Ǳ˼̫ϳ֮һʵȻûбħǿ󣬿ɾǱħǿҲеηġĸ˵һ䣬ܴʦ㿴֮Ҫ湧һЩ滹û鷳ܴҲ׵ķŹ㡣
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ӿ޳һĴɰʵ׵ӣ㰵̾һ޳˵ֲ峤Ͼ峤ʶ㼸ѣ޷һ㣬֧֮˲ǳ߸ǰ̫ϳĵط̫ϳϻָ峤ʵͬʱҲ̫ϳϳɽΣ
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޳仰ﲡ˳׷ʵʱ˿̺Ҳ¶һ˿ΪѺεɫ޳񽥽Թ޵ӣ֪Լǲ˵޳ԼҲ֪ˡ
Լһߣ˵ǿıħһֱ׷Ŵһֱûл֣Ծ㻹ܼһʱ䡭


2228 
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޳ǸЦݣⲻǸ⣬·ڸ޳˵Լ˽ĻѾˡ
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Ľ޳ǰ˵ĸף޳ǡ
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޳ǰ޳˵ҲǶôϲˣԺҪ֪㹼СôţҲ㣡
仰޳ʲô鶼ûУȴˣϾ֪ģ޳Ŀã˵޳СĴǧˣﲻ֪Ŷˡ
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ղײգǸɴڽ춨װɣ
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翪ڣʱһƬĬ֮С
Ů֮𲢷ôԣҲкܶ嶼ŮȨƿأԶڼŮˣЩĴ澴η
Щ˵ıֺ⣬ͬʱа̾˼ΪһԼȻһܹǿ󵽿ĵزкԶľ룬ĿǾһ㣬Ҫñ˼ޱȵǿʢ
˶ǳ˶ôܹôҰ˶飬ȻŰѾ޷Ϊ˼峤컹һ顣
ϢҪ֪ʲô취ǰ
СŮҪ޳ףӴ޳ҵŮˡ
仰һ˵ȫ˿ź˵޳Ǳ˼𣿳˱˼֮⣬˭бѪ
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ûûʲô˼ֻǸе棬Ȼ˵ֻǱ˼У޳ҲǱˣӦúǼЩϵǡ

仰ֱ֪νżֲͷ˵޳ԡ
ﻹû˵꣬ŷӦʲôص㡣㵵Ļعͷźͺվһ޳˵޳Ҳӵб飿
ŷ˵ʲôŪ٣ȴǼٲãȻ֮Ѫϵôܹ
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תͷ޳޳˵޳콫ϵͷų
޳Ļ˵ͷϵʱͷųһɫڿУֵ˲䣬޳Ϣǿ󼸷֡
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ŷ仰ɫɵ÷仯һڶܵһûнͣҲûа취͡
翴ŷѾǵ˵ͷ˵޳Ǳ˼һϵûУΪʲôб˼ѪһҲ֪Ϊʲô
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ͱŰȫһ˵仰֮󣬾žҲòָӣ˵ˡ
ЩȻϲ˵˶⼧ԼŮӶ޳ͱ˼һһеȷɳܣȴûа취ȡϾһòɵŮǶûС
ĵ޳֣˵޳ⲻΰɣ
޳ûлشȴӱŴʱӣЦ˵⵱ȻΣ֮ǰ˵𣿽ҲҪԼ޳ȥģȻֻǶףҲһˡ
޳оƺл˳Ż˵ôһ룿
ȻǵϺڵϹ֮󣬺ٺ٣˷֮Ȼз֮ʵǾͺͽûʲôˡ
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˵һ仰ȴǡñʱһǿϢ޳֣޳Ķ
ڽ֮ǰŮһ£Ų˶ɣ
޳ɵһ仰Ȼֻ޳ˣ޳ı֣˵ôˣ


2229 ŵĺ
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԰ǰ޳ɻ˵ʲôĸȥأ
ҲŲҪأҸо׼ûк飬翴ҲʵһڼǺҡ
޳ȷһж˺޳˵ΪԼѡŹʱвɵůůģ޳Լǳɵ񣬲ɵһЦվ޳ǰ˵㶼ΪҶƽϣΪһôΪأ
¹µĺһһ㣬޳òԣסȻ͵һקһУ޳Ļ֮С
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ĺа̾û£ҵԼҪһʱ䡣Ѿܵ޳ѾԼǡ
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޳ҪͻῪЦˣôǣһʲô顣
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޳еңͻȻԼ˵Ϊ˼ӿٶȣҴǱһ峤ʦÿһﵽ񾳽磬һΪѸӵġΪѾﵽ񾳽磬סĵطҲص֮õԼİȫϾ˶Ϊڱ˼֮У˼Һͱž̫ϳҪ̽ʵνϼѣ˵һɵ񡣡
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޳ò֪˵Щʲôźãߵ棬ڸղɢһǿϢϢȻһţȴ޳һֲõԤС
ѲҪԼڣ޳ҪͼۣȴͻȻоһɾ޴˲佫޳Īڶ֮Уһ˲ѣ޳ʹӺڶ֮гߵ棬ٿ˿ΧĻһ֮У֮һҹһĶɢһ͵а
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2230 
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2231 Щ
޳Լֹ˵һڶȴڲϵ׳ĿռôСôȥѾʧȥ֪ŷ޿ɶ㡣
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Ҳ֪ǼҵĵطΧ󷨷ǳǿĹԽǿܵķɾ͡

ŷһУ˴ӿе޳֪ŷΪЩܵ˷ɣȻӲæɹȥŷס
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веֺ棬ŷ﾿ʲôŻŪô㵽˺ۣϢ޳УѲ֪Ƭռģˣ


2232 ǳ
޳ҷҵСˣȻ˵ɫ죬벻ôҪС
˶٣֮ͻȻֳһ˿׺֮ɫɫͬʱ޳ɵøеһ󷢶һõԤнĴ޳ĵس֣۾ǰļ磬ҪͣȴԼûа취͡
磬ﵽΪʲô޳ҲΪʲô
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ǰһΪʲô֪ǲսʤģ
Ϊһ챦


2233 ֮ͨ
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Ҳ֪еǿ߶ܹܵ챦ĴڣҸŻ
޳ͷŷϴһ˿Ц⣬˵ôҰõ챦»ŷӣΪر֮ǰһ㲻ټƽϣΣ
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˵ĺܶԣһֱ֡
ŷ΢΢ͷ
۾ֱĿǰˣǿһ뿪ҪﵢԼȻûпŷ˼۰Ͱ͵վһ͵С
޳ӲɵøеһЦͬʱжЩ˱ʾлϾӰŷԼڿֻ·һˡ
նȻǿŷߵ޳ˣ޳ϵƣȻϲû˵ЩʲôȴڰԳԾϾܵ˳صĴ˻ܹվˣǵһο
Ūŷ޳Ĺϵ֮ǰǲֵģϾһŷĳˣԼȴ˵ûⲻԼǹײ
޳ʵߵŷ˵˭
ŷᶼû޳ֱ˵Ҳʶżġ
޳ŷڹԼڿӣЩԸԼϲֳһ˿Ц
޳ôɱ׸ˣϸֳһ˿Цݣ˵ȷʶֻǿܵ˵Ȼǳоѡ
Щ޳ŷһʱɫ޳˵ǳ֮۾֮г֮ɫ˵ҲΪ˱֪ĸţ
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޳治ɫĻѱԼݣŷ޳仰ǷһЩ仯ǳԹЩ˻ǵһδŷϸܵһжΪǰ޳Ȼǲȴܸо޳ŷ֮Ĺϵûô򵥡
Ϊ޳ŷЩ˶޳ûлɡնţ˵ֵܣϵҲᣬȺǻȥ˰ɡȻǵĿĶһڽͬĵ֮ǰȺһ֣ϣȥİ취Ҫȵǿöࡣ
޳ҪľЩ˵룬ֻҪԼЩһŷΪӣԼ֡
޳¶Цݣ˵ͷ˵ȻǰңȻȴ֮
˿޳ǫѷ޳ӡһ֡һԵŷɫȴԽԽѿΪߵԸͿ
ΨһܹܵŷϢ仯ֻ޳޳֮ܵϵЦٴμŷеա
һ޳Լغ֮ǰͬԼı˶Լе֪̽һȻûа취ǿǰɻأĶ۷ߣ֮ǰҲѾ˵ˣĿǰûǿߡ
նϸ޳һᣬͷ˵żﵽΪ츳ҪǻҪǿöࡣʵȵܳΪǿߣΪʲôҪ
޳仰ɫ΢΢仯仰ͺ˵˶Ǳˣ޳۽ǵ⳯ŷȥŷﲢûпߣ·ǹ޳һ㡣
޳һЦ˵ѡ
Ȼ츳˵ԣҰնͽˡ
ն޳νĽҲǿŷϣ޳նӡǳ
ڰնĴ֮£˽뿪ڻȥ·ϣ޳ŷ˵㻹ǴɱҵͷɣֵĻʵκ˶ҪǿЩ˵֮УⱦĪ
УûİҲ˳õˣ
޳仰֮ϲɵøֳεɫŷҲδ̫˰ɣȻŷܾԼ᰸ȴû˵֮ǰǸ飬޳˿ͬʱҲӴŷǰŷ˵ˣŷǰмһ¡
ŷ﷢޳Ȼһ˿֮ɫ֪Χ˶ڿԼһ߰޳һ˵ʲô飿
޳˵һ£ӱ˼޳Ѿ˶೤ʱˣʱһֱУԡ
ŷζĿ޳һֱۣӻش˵һˡ
޳仰ɵ˿һµʱ䣬ô޳˵˺üһ㡣
ǰİն޳˵˼з飬ɵýŲŻתͷ޳ʵֵΪʲôʵ飿
޳Խһת˵˵޳ΪҲ࣬ʶһ¶ѡ
ն޳Ļشûлɣ¶һ˿Цݣǰ޳˵޳ȻҲûмҺ֮ȴѾѾãһֱҹ峤ҲҸ޳޳ǿмӣΪǺ࣬㶼磬ɾôһˣʵȴһҪǿǿߵѹҲη塣
ģ
޳һ˷ܵӣðǵ˵ҿһ޳ˣ


2234 Ͼ
ֵǴ˵޳ģǳ֪֮޳Ļڱ˼Ŀ֮£֪˿֮١
ҲǴˣ˵޳ӢʵǿǱ˼ŮԶܸȤȻҪԭ˵Ҳ࣬ԡ
ŷ޳˵Ļɵһ΢ľٶע⡣ն翴ŷɻ˵ôˣ𣿡
û£
䣬ڳŰն緢һ㣬նȫ󣬸֪Լʲôطŷ
ʱ޳ŷŭĵԼһۣ·޳һ㡣
޳֪ʲôԭ򣬱ϾԼ֮⣬ֻŷ֪޳ԼԿ䣬ܹ̿Ļž޳˵Ļɣ
޳ŷͷǶһһ㣬κ˶ͷŷ֮⡣
ڼһ֮󣬱֮ͨ棬һƬƽԭ֮ͨƽԭ֮гֵһ޴ɽ֮ߣ֮Զʵôݻ޷׼ȷݳɽ֮
濴УǾ޴ǳ޾ɽϷһַ·𻹺ɽ
޳һĻв˼ǳΪʲôƫƫѡطͣأ
ǲ룬챦һǳйϵ
ŷվ޳˵۾޳һǸ򣬿Ǻ޳ͬǣƺ֮ⲻھƣ˿ûѾ챦ջӡ
޳񿪿һŷΪʲôڿ֮ǰ޳ѾԤϵˣŷһشԼһĴ𰸡
Ϊŷ޳֪ŷŷĸƺһĵ·ŷûнŷ
Ů˵ֱģŷ޳иܵһ˿ԼеõϢüͷ޳˵ղʲôǲʲôа飡
а飿޳һӣʵʲô鰡
ŷﱻ޳һʶʱЩɬ漴㷴ӦԼ޳ĵ޳˵㡭
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޳˵仰֮󣬾ŷҲˣͬʱҲ˼޳˵Ļ챦ܹǳ׷ǱӦǶôǿĴڰ
ŷҪ˵ʲôʱڲԶͻȻһȺˣնҲһȺ֮УʱİնȴϴλãеͨһԱ
ն翴޳֮󣬶ʱ˷ܵغֵܣ
ŷɫøѿ԰նӦó˺⡣Լÿһκ޳˵ʱţÿζǹؼʱ
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޳üǰˣϸ޳ΣУʵΪŷﲻ£޳ҪֵĻǲ¡
ն쿴֮Щ죬æ˵ϣǽ֮Ͼ
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޳ܸоЩϤƺֻһʱ벻ǰĽ֮ɵøеһ⽣֮ʵǿ󣬶һĪڵ֮£һ㶼͸
޳в룬⽣֮ʵǿ󣬻᲻ῴԼݣ
Ͼϸ޳һᣬ޳ҲʱĵϾɫûʲô仯֮˿
ߵŷƺҲڳһаԸжŷϿ࣬ʵȴΪԼġ
һţ츳ǿ˼ʣϾЩȣ޳Щڡ
޳¶һ˿ЦݱʾԱϾľ⣬ȴǶԱϾ˽֪ϾһΣ޳֮󣬿Σյһˡ
Щ˶ͷʶһЩкô
Щ뿪֮󣬰ն޳޳˵˵Բԣ
лл״磡
ն޳һ״⣬Цק޳˵ߣڽ֮֮ͨǰȴȥúúһҿ֮ҵľƣǿҲ޷̽ƾɢ˵ƿǧ𲻻ı
޳仰֮ϲɵøֳڴ֮ɫ
㷹޳ܾûʹˡ
ŷһԿһƸȥ޳вɵøе𾪣Ϊ޳ǧſӣɫʱа̾޳ȻܺȾƸﻹҪô࣬ⲻ鷳
ģЩ˶һĵ£޳ʶҲʼ㽫Լݸ¶ŷＰʱԲűЩķ
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ŷٴ𵱳ɽз飬˿ĭ۾Ŀ޳Ѿˣ޳һ˿ԼĲԼͶ޳֣ɱ
޳ҡҡλεߵŷǰҶŷﻺȥȻʱ޳۾֮ͻȻһ˿ɫַŷͷϣĶŷ˵һԲ𣡡
ŷסˣûзӦ޳˸ãȻ͵سŷȥŷϣأ
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ŷ￴ǰ޳֮ɫ޳źܳʱ䣬ȻСԼķȥ
ڶ졣
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޳ߴһ޴ǳԼһԿȥӳǰǰնһŸ
ɣϷʲôôҵĴϣ
޳ܿȥﲢԼķ䣬Ӧǰնķ䡣
޳ŵôһԼû֮󣬲ɵ˿ǰİն磬ʵ״ô
նЦһ޳˵֪ϾͲôˣƾȷܴ󣬶ֺô࣬û˯ҹѾˡѾˣ˶׼һν֮ͨҲĻҪһˡ
޳֮󣬸мĵ˵ͷ
ԼȻڰնķȴһָоϵʱԼƺŷˡ


2235 չ¶â
޳ٿŷ֮ʱٻеЩΣڶֲ췢һоλʵŷԼߣ޳ٺҲԼһ֮󣬻Щʲô
޳ܿӳЩУն쿴޳Ц˵Сֵ㻹ûİŮ˰ɣ
޳һ£Ȼ˵ͷˡȻԼʹõһµݣȻҪһȫµԼЩ˿޳Ļشرǰն죬϶¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȱ㲻Ҫŷ֣Ϊŷǿȫ󣬾ԲܹƵġ
޳ľϲɵ¶ЦݣŷһʲôˣҪЩĶࡣ
ص㲻ŷϣǰ֮ͨЩѾνζһ߰˸
޳ǵɫǳ޵ʵɵøеǳ޵Ȼ޴ޱȣҲǳԣƶٶ̫ˣܹȡֻҪᱻץ
޳ûнԼе˵ϾֻҪһ˵Щ˺пܾͻᷴ޳δǳӳģһԼֻز˶೤ʱˡ
ŷҲ⣬޳֮ϸֳһ˿ĵɫ޳֮Ļأڽʱ˲û˵һ仰Щ˻ɹŷ޳֮ĹϵЩһȫȻˣ޳Ȼֻһĵ˼ѡ
Щǿŷָ˵ȴǱϾ֮Щ˺ѷϾľ
ϾҲһΪӣӺܺȴ޳еһЩʡ
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˭ʵǿ𣿡
ĻʵڱϾǰս֮УΧΪЩ˵һԱն޳˵ŷĹ֮²ɥģ
޳仰϶ʱֳ֮ɫŷﵱܵż˺۷ǳϬÿһζҪŷڸŷƵʱлеܹŷ˺˵ز˾˭û뵽Щ˺۾Ȼڵ֣֮Լˡ
ն쿴޳ϵЦݣɵò
޳ݣ֮¶Ľ֮ɫ
Ҫôʱһֱûˣ
޳Ϊ˾ǳޣԼһֱˡ
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ŷ仰ɵøеһ޳㣬Щ˸û޳˼
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Ȼǳ޿ҲǴﵽ۷ľ磬֪ǿʵǱȽϿɱޣԽԽѶԸΪǸ֪ʲôη壬ʲô
޳Ӳɵý֪ԼЩǰ¶ԼݣҲ޳ʵ
ôֵܣӦǵһˣԼԸ˾ֱӸ˵һǾԲᳰЦģϾ޵ǿж
ϾЩ˵죬޳սʱҲ޳һ·޳ûѡ·ϵϢȻͷųǾ޴У·ҪϷǳһ㡣
Щ˿޳ǺӵϢһɵñɫǵһο޳֡
ǿϢʵһҪͨΪǿˡ
ҾҲǣѹ˸ܵһ˿ΣոУԭʵôǿҪǵҶֵĻڵ³һǳҡ
ЩһƲ磬ȻĿǰһ֮У˱ϾҪֿģڷֿ֮󣬴ʱ˿ٺõҲһĵˣ޳ΪЩĶԴԼĻǼֱǳ룬ͿնҲһ޳Ȼ֪նΪʲôŻͽԼҲնһˣκ˶ֵܰնȫͬˣҪ˵޳һĿĶûУ˸ûţ޳Ҳš
޳սǰޣҪЩһ֪ԼȻСȴһ۸ˡ
ŷ￴޳Ķ֮оѾһ뷨ɫ΢죬а룬޳ҲɵĻҲʡҳְˡ
ŷ֮ͻȻʶһ⣬޳ԼĵˣԼΪʲôȴΰ޳
ŷﰵԼչǽڹ޳ϣ뵽Լ޳ߵ̫ˣܵ޳Ӱ죬˾ҲԼ顣
ն¶һ˿Цݣ²˵޳ҪʵͷųʵȻǶôǿ󣬵ԸĻСһΪá˳㽫ԼʵչֳЩһȡ
նһͽ޳ӣʱΧ˵һЦǿŰն磬˵ⲻӦΪһôһ˵飬Сĵϳɳ֮Ҳ㵱
޳ЩһЩҲһ޳ʶһ¶ֶôǿ޳ԺҪԴ
նȻһ԰ͽ޳ⲻɵǵŭԽìͷָն硣
ն翴ǰһȺԼľеˣǲɵһССĻȣ˿ηЩ˵ָָ㣬˵ǵڶ޳ˣһʲôⲻаͽᣬҲƨʵֻѡ
նĻЩϵЦݽʧǽĿ⿴޳Ҫ޳Σ


2236 һ
ն翴޳ķа̾޳һҪͰһ棬ҪҰһ
ЩҲնļᶨŪЩҡǻΪ޳ʵĺǿ
飬Ͻͷų
ն·ǰʮ޳ƺûнͷų˼
ŷҲɵøеֽţϾ޳ֻҪͷųһض׷ˡ
۾֮гǵĿ޳·Ҫ֪޳ô죬ͬʱҲתͷŰն磬ݺݵĵ˰նһۡ
ף
նܵŷĿⲻɵ΢΢סŷĿͶ䵽Լ⻹ǵһΣȫ㲻ôһ£ΪŷͬԼľǶ޳ļ͸Ϊ˲޳⣬һ޳ͷų顣
ֵܣСʻ괬
޳仰ɵһп࣬ʱҲѾˡ
ӿһڵ͵س߳Ȼݺݵڿе޳ϡ
޳ֵһ˲䣬Щ˶ɫΪǰһ޴ĺɣǷǳ³çʵȴҪԶԶͬΪߣ߻һǱǷǳԶԶҪͬΪ޻ҪһǴ޳ϣǴ޳·ϣһ˲䣬޳Ӧģܵ󳷲ô뵽޵ĹԼ
޳ʹϵ޷ԼȫƾǱ޻Ҫǿٱ壬ӰȭھԷ޳Ȼܵȴһ˺ûеĽ
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նס֣
նÿ춼Ȼ֪˭ͷŷɻ˵Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô˵֮Լǰһǿ˲ŷ֣޴һ˲ͱƷɵУһǿļµ֮ɢҸղŽһƺһ޵ӣټ޳ϢЩһɵøɵ𺳣޳ôôǿ󣬵Ǹеļ¡
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޳Ķûֹͣһߣ˼һȭ͵س޻ȥûаΣҲûаη壬ֱӺ˸ӲӲ
Щ˿޳һ¶𾪵ı飬ϾߵΪﵽٸߵľȡ
𣿡
Щ˱ѾϵʵҲϵԸ񣬱Ͼ޳ô˵Ŀ⿴˵ĿԴ
޳֮ǰܵ޵ѹȣЩһְ޳ģǿ޳ȻԼȫɻնж޳¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫ˵ˡ
޳ûô࣬ĿֻһǾڱ˿֮ǰ㽫ⶫϾ޳ӵʱԽ˿ĿԾԽ
ŷһԿ޳Ȼκ޳һս޳ʵǿ󣬿Ƕǽ˵Ϻõ似ܹԽս
޳ʵѾܵƣΪֻʹýϵ޳ҲʹóЩ似޳ʵʱһЩȫ׿ȡʤĻŷԻ޳Ŀ࿴
Ȼն絽ڻ֪ŷΪʲôԼŷ￴ȥŷﲢûнעԼϣ۾һֱеĿ޳ⲻɵе޳ǰǿĵ˿ûиеη壬ֱӽɵ˸еȣȻҲֻǾȶѣ޳³ç
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Щ˸ܵ޳޵ĹȻô֮󣬲ɵһɫ
⡭ôܹܵײ
Щ˶ŷḻս飬ԵǸܵ޳Ĺ֮󣬵һӦ޳ɣϾ޳Ȼǿ岻ܳܵ
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Щ˸еΣգһæɵһΣ֮Ǻ룬Ƿɵеһ˲Ǹ޾޴ӿкݺݵˤ£޵ʯһ㣬ݺݵ˸ղվĵط
ôᣡ
Щ˿ŵϵĴӣд֮еޣ˶Ĭľ޳վڿУ·ûдþˣԼĸ첲ššϵսʳء
Ͼ˴һ˲䣬޳ǵһǵһ֣һԼ൱ĵˡ
ԼΣյ뷨֮󣬲ɵøæššԴƽԼ˵޶˵ʲôֻʵһǿѡ


2237 
ȫ侲֮ϲɵøֳһ˿ɬЦݡԼԼղ˵Ļüͷ˵˵ƭ˭أϵʵȷǳǿ󣬿Ϊﵽֵز֮ʵԶԶң
Ϊ֮Ҳ¶һεı飬֮УԼҪǿֵ߳Ǻܳ飬ǰͱ˼ĺӻ޳˵ʵҲǿ
޳֪콫ԼԼȽϣһЦ
޳ǰһΧˣɢǿϢѾɱˣȴûнΪȻֵЩһܵ޳ǿһڱɫͬʱҲò޳ȷʸΪǵһԱҲſʸ
Щ޳һη壬Ͼ޳ղĴ򷨣ȫԼӣ֤޳һսķӡ
Щ˶оãʵԼǿĶֶһʵԼСķǿϾֵĻǻǴһЩǵģʲôʧһսķȫῼЩҲΪЩ˿޳֮дżη塣
޳Ҳ˿Щ˿ֻ緢ȴ֪޳ֱĹͷѾϷĩֲñҪֻܹ޳ǿƣԼʱ˿̵״
ǿ󣡡
նһķڷ޳ʵûԼǿ󣬿ⲻӦֻʵֱһ˵ǿ
Ͼں޳Ϊʱʵ޳ʮ֮һ
޳ϵѾˣɵ˿һ˲䣬㱻˸ΧȺ֮У޳סɵЦţ֮ǰǲһӼֱˡ
ŷ￴޳չֳʵ֮ϲ¶Цݡɴ赲֮£˭һĻ
׼ĬĬԶȺʱȴ޳Ⱥд󺰣ŷǰҽ޴ˡ
Щ޳Ȼŷ㱨飬ϲֳһ˿־֮ɫ
նа̾Ӧø޳ŷԸ񣬲ȻĻһ飬޳һܵŷĴġ
㣡
ŷ˵ĮȴĮ֮ŵһ˿ζЩ˲Ŀŷа̾ԭŷҲ¶ֻǸе죬ȴûн޳ϵһ
޳ŷĻش֮ϵЦݸŨ⻹ʱŷ˵ĵһ仰ŷԼսȥ޳ҪΪԼʲôˡ
˶۷ǿߣǱ޳ʵȣҲֻһѣǶ֪ԼʲôԺܿ㽫
ѾˣЩ˲ûҪ뿪˼
Ͼ޳ʬǰ棬һ޳ɻ󲻽⣬Ѳ޵ϻʲôܣ
Щ˿޳߹ȥһҲ˹ȥʲôЩȻѾ֪ˡ޳֮⣬϶ûк֮ɫ
޳޵֮ʬ岢ûʲô
ϴ磬ҿʲô
޳ɵۣɵøе󣬶ʾҪż
ӹȥһһ͸֮лŵǹļһ֣һֱ޵֮УտʼֵʱСȻȴѸһ׳Ĵ档
ôᣡ
޳ûΪǳƮƮ뿪ȣΪϵǸޣޱ沢ûʲô仯ʵϣȴϵʧһɶһ㶼ǸոȥѾ˺ܳʱ䡣
޳ܿ˱Ͼʲô˼¶һ˿Ц˵ԭˣѹֿ״ΪԷˡ
Щ˿޳Ѿ׹¶һ˿Ц⣬˵˵ҪСǳ޵һǳޣĹֻҴ۷Ϊ
֮⻹һ࣬࣬Ŀʹǧ֮ġ
ЩȻƣȴż䣬˸е־ǣǵ޾ġ
޾ôܣ
޳˵ϾԷΪ޾ĻʵԼСԷһѡսЩ˾ȫһ취ûС
޳˵仰֮ͻȻ̧ͷգо޴ǳ֮󣬶޾ŵĴѾһ˽⡣
Ͼ޳Ѿ˽⣬ϲɵøֳһ˿ݣ˵ÿһսʱ򣬱֣һֵĻһսĶ֡
Щһ϶¶Ϊ֮ɫһս֮˭ܱ֤ԼԶȥΪˣһ뵽ԼΪʬ֮󷴶ЩսЩҲɵмã
ΪѹΪѣ·Ҫȥ
·ϣ޳ʵԼŷ˵ŷǰοģ
ŷ޳ѯԼɵһ£Ȼϸֳһ˿׽ɫ޳˵Ļϣ㲻һеĽɱ𣿡
޳ףŷｫ仰˵֮Ӳɵһ£ŷһۣ˵ұǸ֮ҲҪô
ǣ⻹˵
޳ŷһŰӣжʱˣŷĻ֮󣬻΢мָжأ
Щ˳֮ͨʱڼԶ֮ı˼Ѿַ졣
һжΪãԺǧҪ޳Ǹ쵰ˣ㣬Ѿ˻黨ǲݡ
仰ʱסˣżߵĺӣ֮мֱҪðܹɱ˵ĻӴʱѾˡ
ɺһ֪ı飬תһ룬ܹǧĿֻԼ޳ܴǰĺܴΪϽ޳ԼԼڿӣôһʣµֻкһˡ
֪ųʽһƽҲûа취
޳һʲô
ڳŸ޳˵ûɼѶȫĽͣûа취ĺֻнź˵鰡
ϸֳһ˿ЦСĶԺ˵Ҳ㣬֮ǰ峤ѾˣҸҶ˵һ仰Ȣ㣬ν޲ۣȫûа취㣡
ݣ
翴ԼŮִԲ˵ѰɣһǱ޳ƭˣҪ֪µ˶ţ
Ѿһжˣ񽥽ļᶨ˵޳ѾͰ˪ֺηǶ˶ûҡ
ԼŮĿбĳδ˵ʱסˡ
˵ŷͰ˪˭


2238 ǳ޵ĸ
ͺӶΣǶŷ֣ԼһС˵©죬ڼı֮£ͺֻýеȫ˵Щ֮۾֮иǶһɱ⡣
޳ұŹһΣӾԲˡ
ɫʱøѿ֪ΪԼ˵˻ŻֽͺӶһۣһڼǰһ棬ô˵綼ȫûиı˼
Ҫ˵ˣСҵŮ㲻ԼҲ㣬ôˣ޳Ǹ쵰ȻӵôŮˣҪȥŷǸɱ
˵֮УܴͻȻ˽
ŷ￴ܴɫϵŭʧҲһ˿Ц˵ȥҺܴлҪ˵
֮󶼽ȵܴһʱܴһܴ֪ʲô飬¶ɫˣ˳ȥ֮󣬲ѯ˵﷢ʲô顱
֮ǰŭ壬ԼϽǰȴһ㶼ûа취̵ܴǼĿǡ
罫򵥵˵һ飬˵֮ɵŭ˵ܴΪʲôûңѲߵ˶վ޳Ǳˣ
ܴϲɵ¶Ц޳ߵŮѾŮһһʵһһǿ˵ʵΪú޳ҲûʲôףϾ޳ΪЩ˶ԺİŰ١
ֻ֪Ȱ˵ǰļ磬ż绺˵ѵôʱ㻹ң﷢ʲô飬κ£ңҶһվߵġ
޳Ҳһ
Ȼ
ܴ󲻻˵Ļһ˵ü粻ɵ΢һ£Ȼɿһ˵˼ˣһι㼱æģǲ鷢ˣ
ܴ˵ͷ۾֮дһ˿ֻ˵һЩһʼ˾ٶȳֵŷ𡣡
ʲô
֮ɫɵú𾪣վ߻ⲽĿ䣬üͷż˵ŷһˣӦòȳְɣ
ܴҡͷ˵Ǵ˿˵Ȼ粢ûжʶˣ
仰ɵõ˵ͷ˵ȻŷѾ֣ʱһԿϷǣҺ֮ĹϵӦòȶǱ˼֡
ܴһԵ˵ͷȴɵɫǸӽš
޳ȻϾʵǿҿǿ򾳽ﵽڵľ磬츳ɲ⣬ǳãǽһ޴ʧصǧҲͰˣûشǧĻֻеļ嶼Ҫ£޳飬ʱǴֿɵõ˲ſɾת͸˱ˡ
һ˵Ҳ޳飬ҲΪҲɱ޳ֻǾʱδѣһС׽޳£޳ǶôǿţֻҪ磬Ҿ֮ء
ܴ仰ϲɵøֳһ˿Ц޳ţȴû뵽ͷԼԽԽææͣٶ˵Щʲô
ôܴ󣡡
ͺܴҪܴĽȻܴȴʧ֮ɫ۾߶ˣŭ˵Ƕڼǰ˵ʲôôоԽԽˣ
ͺ໥һۣж¶εɫ
²ļһ
ܴ̾˿첽뿪
ߵĺֺ¶ĵɫϸֳЦݣûԺ˵ûʲôĵģֲǲ֪޳ΪһŮ˴ʹôǿһˣôܻ׵ܵ峤ǿơ
ֻܵĸ׵ĿƣǱĸ׸ɱ
仰ҪοŷģȴʲôҲ˵Ϊ鼧ó
ںȥ֮۾գа޳ھ
ʱ˿̵޳ҲźΪ˼ΪԴ֮Լһˡ
֮֮ͨУǰһȺǿޣ޳ȫ۳һţһ¶⣬ĸ޿һ֣ǿЩ˵Ĺ֮¶ֱͬģЩ˵ʵҲڲϵġ
ﵽô£
޳ߵһȺˣεĴкţ޳ôޣȴʹóԼȫΪѡ
նЦһ޳˵ǵܺãɹĽǳ޸ŭˣɳôԸǡ
Լ仰˵֮Ҳֳһ˿ɫߵıϾ˵֮ǰǳ޽սôΣǶǰôһλôǣ
Ͼ¶һ˿Ц·˵ң˭ȥ
һǿߣȻ˵ֻҲ¶һ˿˵ǵĹǳ޵ı岢ûκ˺෴ԸṩŻǣĺǳ֣˵һ㣬֮еĳһˣǳãһǳ޸евŻҪɱǣ
޳仰ɵñýȻЩ˲֪ԼΪһȺֻ֮ԼģҪ밴Ҹ˳ڹȻǷ޳Īˡ
޳һĬĬ˼ʱĶͻȻŷŷ￴ȥֻʱ˿̵ŷվڲԶԼ
޳ŷߣɻʵҽйʲô飿
ŷΧһ磬ô˵Ļ޳еʱͻȻŷŵԼ
Ǹɽ֮еʱǲǽǳ޸ɱˣ
ŷ˵仰ʱ޳ʱɫŷＤ˵ҵôǶΪ㣬ҵĻһЩһģһˣһ㻹Ӧøлңǽ˵ȥ
˭Ҫ˵ȥˣ
ŷ޳ĻɵøеһЦǰľս޳˵ҪĲ㽫˵ȥҪ֪ʲô취ǳ޸ɱġ
޳ϸֳһ˿ЦݣЦ˵ֻܹõ𣿡
⣬ʵʵĽ˵
޳żŷҲӣϾĻȥҪŷİ
ֻܹõǳ޲ܹҽϵͻϵע֮УٶȺܿ죬ȴҲһ˲ɣֻҪ֮


2239 
޳˵˸߲ңһԵŷȴǷǳ侲ţ޳˵֮˼˵Ҳ˵ֻҪУҲǷǵһɣ
޳仰֮ϸֳεɫŷһ仰ͽԼȫöˡ
ʵֻе˵ͷ˵ûһǺϾһ˾Ϳԡ
죡
ŷĿ޳һۣ˵һпɶΪ㣬Ҳֻ̫࣬Ҫõ֮޽ɱ
޳仰ϲɵøֳһ˿ɫŷȻŷ˵ΪԼʲôû
Ҫʲô
޳ŷﵥ뿪ȺտʼȺ֮ս֮Щ˲ûע⣬ǶһĻͷ޳ŷɻ˵ΪʲôһѲŷĶ޳
ϴ磬ŷ֮ϵŷҲõʲôӣ᲻ῴ޳ˣ
Ͼŷķ۾֮вһ˿Ц˼ΪصĺЩ˲ûпЩ˵ѯʣ˵Ŀҵǲûпŷ˵ŷòѷɫ磬ϧǼҲ֪Ͼ翴ò֮ŷм硣
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ЩȻܹӱϾ׳һϲɵ¶ϲ֮ɫŷϲ֮вɵʧ֮ɫʧ֮ЩһȴֶǸ˵ݸȤ
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ϾһЦ˵˵˵Ҫ˵ұɣ
漸ֱļˣȻ֮һ
ЩҲɵܹɱģֻа벽ǿߣôһΧѸС
ƾЩǻ벻𰸣֮ЩʱһߣΪʱŷ޳߸
һ֮ߵ޴֮гۿҪ޳ŷ޳һʱһﶼͷȭͷѾȫ˺ɫһ޴ݺݵشϷֻ¡һ죬޴ӿˤϣǼӲ˲һ̲࣬Щ֪޳ʵٿ޳ʾһΣеľԸӡ
ڴʱ޳ȴûдӿ뿪ǾվڿУȴǳ۳͡
ڸʲôѲҪǳ֣
Щ˶µ˴𰸣ǳ֮Իᷢŭ֮ԻЩ֣һȫΪǰ޳
ǸʲôҲܳϰ
ն翴ŴԵǳ޳ֵ޳гżɫЩ˰Լǿϵ츳ˣȻΣЩ˵ʱǺ֮ĹϵٺãҲ׵ĽϸŹ
Ӧóϰ
նѾ޳ĽЩΪƽϢǳ޵ķŭ޳ɱȻ׼ǳ鶼ܹĳϳȫѰ·
޳ŴӵϽ͵ǳޣϸֳһ˿Цݣ޴˲ͷųǳ޵֮ȥ
ǸʲôѲѾôֻȻǳޱøǿ𣿡
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޳гŭĿŷղŷԼһԼһЩ
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ŷĮĿȺһۣ˵˵ʱϱҵʱֵģǳ֮ԻŭҲΪǰɣ
Ȼڳϴ󣬿ȴһǸӶûУͺ˵ģǰôžôš
Щһ¶ѿ֮ɫǹȻŷﶼ˰Ľ֮飬ͬʱҲһЩǿߣǶΪһŮ˶Լ
ǵѡҲӵġ
Ͼŷ˵ҺѣѾʶʱˣ˵ʵҸġ
ŷ۾֮вѯ˵Ҫô죿
ǳ޵ĿǲܽǸ߰ɣҲȥѰұֻҪһС
ЩϾĻһ㶣ȻһȻѹͬʱǵ۾һĶŷϣŷ߳ŭǳ֡
ȫû뵽ǣŷȻԹԵϾ˵ĻȻ˵ͷ˵Ǻãߣ
ţ
ŷҪ޳ߵʱͻȻӺ洫һԼͣתͷһԭǱϾ
ڱϾվһȺˣֻаն粻һȺ֮УЩȻ߲ƣŷüͷһЩ˵ʲô˼
мˣȷ뿪һ˱¡
޳ϾĻϲɵøֳһ˿Цݡ֪ЩҪԼ£ߵŷһۣŷ֮иܵһ˿ŭ⣬ϲֳЦݣЩһ˵һˣϴֺαعĨǣֱ˵ͺ𣿡
Ͼ޳û˶κεľ⣬ɵøеһЩȣаô˿
ûֵܣЩʵ츳ܲΪ˺ˬһú㽫ǳŭǳ޵ŭ֮£һȺ˶п˶ʧȥ֮£ֻˣ
ǶһȺΪ˸ߵߣΪ˾û뵽һ˵ı֮ͽ˴۾
ΪһȺˣʧһֺη
Ҳŷһ仰Ǿ˲Ϊ𣬼Ȼҵ鷳ȻҲÿ
޳˵֮ϵϢȻͷųһ˲ϢŶϯȥɫ䡣


2240 ŷ
ϣδҲ̫˰ɣ
ҵҪ˭Ҷϳ֣
͵Ҫһַ޳ʱͻȻһ˳Щ˳ȥǿһĮŷ֮һʱ仹ΪԼˡ
ôᣡ
ղŵĻŷ˵𣿡
һЩ˸ǰ״ǵӡ֮ŷ²ؼ߸߹ˣô˵һˡ
ŷﲢûнͣĮĿЩˣͬԼϵϢͷųŷﲻЩ֮ʵǿģϢͷųһ˲䣬ǿϢ˲䱻ѹ
ϾҲǱɫüŷ˵֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ŷ˵Ϊʲô
ﵽ񾳽磬ͬʱල㣬κŹȵĽӴ
ЩϾĻ֮һɫаһŷûпԼһŷסǿߵ֮£Ǿеһ㣬ɱɱ
˵ˣҿԼ㣬㲻ĻҴã
ŷɫһ䣬仰֮ʱԭأ֮ȫʧȥɫ
޳ŷʱ˿̵ӣвеһЩ˼飬ŷҲɵôᱻŷ˿أ
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ŷʱ޳ŷߣŷļ˵Ҵ
ŷһ£תͷ޳жʱŭԼοڴ֮ͥ£Ȼ޳ȴ⣬Ͼ֮ǰѾŷ󲿷ֵطˡ˿ڵʱûоǶôɵ顣
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СӣԼŮ˵󣬾Ȼе߳ܣ˵ţ
޳ˣʵȺ֮еȣһʹûԪأ޳ϲֳһ˿ЦݣȻԼѾЩ˺棬ȻҲͲöЩ˿ǰŷ˵ŷǰһ£ƺ˲ҵʵ
Щ˿޳Ҫӭսһ϶˲ɫû뵽޳Ȼ˿ȻҪԼ˳֣
ŷ￴޳һۣȻû˵ȴɫĽתƵһߣȻ޳ȥӭս
ϾŷʱģвЩûбֳתͷ޳˵޳ֵܺǣȻҺǮʷ֣ȻһսоɡˣȻӮ˵Ļͷ뿪
ЩϾĻϲɵøֳһ˿ЦݣѾʶ޳ʵȻǿȴǺǮʷѷɫ١
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ʱ˿޳ǮʷηˣǮʷﻹܹԭ޳ϾûǮʷӣ޳˵ٿҲѡԼսƲԼһһӰӳǮʷϡ
һ޴İӱ֮ȡǰ޳˵ְɣ
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޳һٶ˸е𾪣Ͼ޳ղŵһȭȻ˺ܴΧĿռ䶼Щ˺ĺۼɾô֮£ȴܹշ磬ʵ
ϧջҲˣ޳ǽԼϵĻͷųȻǮʷʵǵƾ⻤ܹ⡣
һ˲䣬޳ĿռȻ飬޴˺㽫޳𾪵Ŀ֮£޳ܱߵĻĿռ˺ߣ޳ıٴγǮʷĳһȭһûа飬˵񶼴ſϧɫϾô޴һ֮У޳㲻Ҳܵش
ȻǮʷｫȭͷ޳֮ɫȴ˱仯дſ־ɫһһ߿׹޳˵ôܣķôôǿ󣡡
ǮʷҲ֪ԼôˣѾռϷ磬ȴɸеļɵڵҳľ޴ӶһݣһУ˵ע֮£Լǿͷųһ
ǮʷδҲ̫˰ɣ޳Ѿʧȥһ
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2241 ֵ
£һΪԶԶѷɫ𣿡
Ǹ˵Ļ˵֮󣬱˵ĳЦǲŲֹ滮ֲǴ˵е޳޳ĻǮʷܻΣһЩ޳ʵҲһǮʷĶ֣ϾǮʷǹ֮
һŻڵըһƬ𺣣Ǿ޴ɽ˲ҽڵ˲ɵóſзȥЩ˽Ǯʷ˶е졣ǮʷǮʷδҲ̫һˡ
ʱϵϢȴûʧ
ôᣡ
Щһ¶𾪵ı飬޷һΪܹǿƵĹ֮´
󲻵޳ȴˡ
һԵŷϸֳһ˿Ц⣬Ȼǲȴò޳ڻϵ֮ԶԶԼǺǿҲѷɫ٣˵ǰǮʷˡ޳ǰ𣬾ͬŪһ㣡
ϣôᣡ
ǮʷԾؿǰ޳һšԼԵǳ⣬ǾĴвŵõֻ棬ȻȲǿߣֻҪǿߵһ˿ϢͿԽ˺ü
û뵽ʹǿ˺Ҳûнϸɱ
ֻǮʷԱߵıϾɫҲøѿĳŷǱ߿һۣȻһնߡ
ն类ͻȻԼǰıϾһűϾɻʵϴ𣿡
նҲýϾһȺֻԼΪϣΪϺЩվ˶棬ϱǿʵЩһΪԼ֪֮ǰʶϡ
ǰıϾаԽпࡣԼȷǻʶ飬ϵʵȷǳǿ󣬿ͬҲѡˣôȥֻ¾ԼҲᡭ
Ͼǰɫѿİն磬ȻûпѯʣȴѾ֪˴𰸣̾˿֮дһ˿ĿŰն磬˵
ն粻֪ϾЩʲô֪Ͼ֣ôߣҲе߶ָӡ
ǿʵ֮ǰǲ֪
Ĳ֪
Ͼ˵ͷ˵һҵ㣬Լ㻹ǲеģЩ˲㡣
նɫѿǰıϾѾϾԼΪʲôˡ
ϾĽ֮ǶôãȻ濴ʵֶηǳĴΪ˴ﵽĿĲϧһдۣҲΪˣŷ֮νϧնһϾԼǰ¶ֱ飬ԼѾ֮УҪ˳ȥֻܰ˵ȥ
ô֤Լ
Ҫ֤
ն仰ɫ֣ǰıϾױϾڸʲô
ϾϴһЩЦ⣬԰ն˵ҪΪǱߵߣϾԲһߣпˡĻһĿġ
նϳԥ˵ʲô£ֻҪʱ˿̳Щ˻ûнɱֽϾ¾СɹؼݣЩ˲֪ǹǱߵģԺЩ˶ԼɵˣɾͲˡ
ΣԺŻᷢģȻڲӦĻϾ̶Լ֣
ԥ֮£˵ͷӦ
Ͼ¶һ˿Цݣ˵Ǳ߾ͽˡ
ǲӦýϾȳ
ŷﶼû֣ǲЩ֣
ӦôǱӪ֮У
ܼ򵥡
Ͼ˵ܼ֮ͻȻ͵һĳһƿûа飬ڽȫ֮󣬰նһ֮ͬ޳ȥ
޳Ͼ԰ն֣֮жʱ¶ɻ֮ɫնֻǱȽѣԼȫϵûУϾΪʲôҪ֣
ô޳Ƚն
ȴһԵңȽӽ˵
޳һȣ˲ߣ޳֧֮£Ȼͬʵһ㡣
޺ӽ޵Ŀзͬƺˡ
ⲻΪʲôΪʲôǿ
ȫ߸ǵ֪Ҳ֤ʵ˱Ͼ뷨ף硣
ֻأΪѹ֮⣬ȴû뵽ڤڤ֮жϾ¶׽ɫеĻҲ£ǱҲ޷Ū
޳ͷųһ˲䣬նҲܵһǴ޳֮۳飬ȫûɣ޳ֽģ޳ݲɡ
Ҫһϸ۲޳ʱͻȻܵһϢԼϣתͷһŷþԼ΢еһЩη壬˼ջ֮ʹһ԰ĺţȫ¶һ˻ɵɫ
Ͼı֮ԵͷնıֱĻҪãѾ˼¡
޵ļл֮£Ǯʷɫѿһȣϵʱ϶Ϊһһʮ֮ߵľ޴޳޳ǰһӵӣȫڲȼյĻ棬رһ˫۾˱ɱ֮˸еη壬˵޳ˣЩҲһɫû뵽ǮʷϱȽºͣϵȻۺ
޳΢еԾҲֻ΢еԾѣֽ֪ӸտʼǮʷｻֵ˲ܵǮʷѹ֮еȻҪŵֶΣʱȴչֵԼǰƵԼ
ǰݵÿ
Ŀб޴޳ȴ⣬޵ȭͷ޳廹Ҫ޴Եһȭ޳ȥʱ˶Ϊ޳ûа취ֿϾǮʷһޣ
ǣ˸еˡ
޳ȫ޴һתһ˦ƽһţȴںȭͷײ˲ɢǿΧĿռһ籬ѣ𶯣ձѣ޾޴Ҳź浹ɳȥûһ޳Կ
⡭ôᣡ
ЩһĿ࣬ȫԼǰһĻ
ǮʷϾҲһǿߣȻôϸˣ
һԵıϾһĻϲֳЦݣƺΪ޳ʤˡ
ǮʷҶҵһ㣡
Ͼ˵仰֮۾Զһֲֵŷ˵ϵȷһǿ˲ţҲ͵Ϊֹˣ˰ɣ
ΪŷϳģŷıִԤϣûгֵĴ㡣


2242 η֮
ôᣬѲҪĿ
ϾҲֳɫŷƵӣһȥǱϻΪֹ϶ûнԼʵչ¶
ôܣ
޳ɵǮʷɵԶĵطΪⳡս޳ʤʱͻȻԶһ޴ıըһɫĹ嵽Уʧ֮ǸǮʷӰٴγ֣ʱǮʷʵ֮ǰвͬͬħһ㣬ÿһȼա
޳һĻ֮󲻽࣬ǮʷӵԼĹ컯ĻʹһеĻҶΣ΢΢ϧڵӡ
һ޴ӰӴ޳֣Ȼֺ޳ȫΪһ壬ʱ˿̣޳֮İΧһжò޳ͷеǳҲڷһŭ𣬷·Ҳ޳ʵȵˡ
޳ʱ˿̵ϢȽϣǮʷϵֱͬһ㡣
ǮʷﾪסˣϾҲסˣŷҲû뵽޳Ȼŷǿֱ
޳ĳӰӣ¶֮ɫ˵Ѳ޳һ֮Ϊ֮࣬ٶȣһ𣿡
޳ıֲɵһЩ˵˵һЩǿΪԼﵽ棬᲻ϵתԼ;񲻶ϵӶﵽ״̬
޳̬ĳ̶ȾЩǿת
ڣ޳Ǯʷײһ⼸ûκǮʷ̱Ǿ޴ǵɳȥ֮һ磬һıѡ
Ѫڻ޳ǰĻ֮С
Ǯʷﱻϸɱˣ
ЩĿɿڴȫԼ۾һУʵ
ŷ֪޳һʲô޳ǰ޳סЩϢǰЩˣ˵ӮˣǲҲӦҪѭǵԼ뿪
ŷȻͷųȴ˿Щء
Щ㿴ңҿ㣬Ŀڽ֮ϾϣϾһĻ¶Цݣ˵ȻŷѾˣֵҲӵǿʵǾҪֹҲֹȥɣ
޳¶һ˿ЦݣԼߵİն֮Цݽ̡
״ҲҪһ𣿡
ն¶εɫȥȫ޳ŷġ
޳ŷüͷ΢壬ȻŷʲôնôܻЩ˶ԼԸ֪ԼԸ֮ӦǸе־壬Ǻ֮ǰһԼ
޳ڰնӡ󲻴ɲŰնˡ
ɵŷŷȴȫں޳˵˵ʵɣһܸоģһ߿⡣
ôܣ
޳Цһߵŷﳰ˵ҾҲˣ
𣿡
ŷݺݵĵ޳޳𵱳顣
޳ɫһ죬ŷа̾汰ɣ˵ԼȴԼֽ
ŷﲻ޳ĲֱӶߵİն˵ûµģһȺ֮Ҳͽû֮أ
޳ŷʱģɵøеһģŷ̬תҲ̫˰ɣ
նҲоԼͬһ㣬һֱκĮŷȻѺõԼ˵
˳ǰһξַ֮ŷƽĲ֮ͬڵȺ֮Уŷ֮û˵һ仰ͺ˴֮ʶһ㣬ŷ֮Ļر࣬Ҳ֮ͨһοڴ֮ǰѾʶ
֮ô˵أһרϱԵˣֻҪԼڣֻǲͣسܣԼڵʱ򡭡
նѾ²µᷢʲôʱ޿̲Ϻŷߡ
ݵȷͬһ㣬Ѳŷİ֣
ŷ֮ǰһŷ˽˶֪ʲôܣŷڴʲôȥЩ磬û֪ˣֻ֪ŷڴһ֮ʵһٳΪϵǿߡ
նٿǰ޳޳ŷʵĵطǴпܣϾֵֻطſţ
ǰ֮޳ŷϳ˲ٵĵˣնͬ߹һ㣬ȫһսͽˣ޳ԽԽǿŷϹȫŹκһǳޣȫǳ޵ı
͵Ϊһֱô˳ȥʱȴû뵽ʱǾȻһࡣ

ŷͰն翴ǰ֮Ƕ˵ɫʱ仯ȻĲֻߣȻЩ߲ǿ󣬿ҲһȺ鷳
ȻЩ߱ǳƣȴûʧȥʶԵǰЩ˵ʱ¶ȵɫ
ô
¶ʧɫŲ˵һΪһȺ˶أ˸˵ĸ
ն仰ɫ÷ǳѿǰ˵Ȼ㻹ǵǾͺһ뿪ɣûа취ǳ޵Ŀƣ
⵹ǲѣֻһ⣬ΪʲôҪǳ޵Ŀƣ
ʲô˼
ӵòҿֹս֪ƣ룬ֻҪԸ⣬ҿɱκˣ֮ܶǳ޵֮£˰벽ϵǿ߸ûҵĶ֣ǳ޸ЩҸҪ뿪
ǡ
ŷ￴ն绹˵Щʲôɵüͷ԰ն˵ˣҪǳޣҲͲˣ
նŷĻʱɴ۾˵ŷ˵ʲô
ŷｫԼϵϢͷų۾ĵض˵ǹ޵϶ĿΪɱң
޳仰е죬۷εĲ޳֪ģûԸԼΪһŷôܰɣ
ŷܵ޳񣬷ǳЦԼ̫ϲһЩŭҪ޳֮ʱͻȻ뵽ԼǰѾһΣһҪӮ˴ʱ˿̵ͱ޳һ֣
Ҳע⵽ŷߵ޳۾֮гĿ޳˵Ǹвǳ޵ߣΪѰѣû뵽ȫѹ򣡡


2243 
ʲôϵǳ޶еη壬ⲻ˵Цɣ
նĻɵøеһ죬Ͼʶϵʵʵȷǳǿ󣬿ǺŷȻźܴĲ࣬Ծܹ֮ǳ޸еη壬ҲӦŷ޳
նĻ֮ϲɵ¶һ˿Ц԰ն˵һһʲôţӣƺʲô֪
ն粻ɵһ˺һ֪Լûк˵ʸҲûкսʸֻȶԶһ㣬ߵսӰ쵽Լ
ӣǸֳһ˿Цǰŷ˵Ҹо֮Ĺϵ㽫ҰɡĻսʱһ飬һЩ˺ȥ
ŷ仰ɵüͷֻŷ޳ŵҲеŷһۣŲͷ˵ʲôʱսҪ˺úõʹһ٣
ʹһ٣
仰ɵùЦ˵ðǲһһμһҪŵأ
һԵŷﻺ˵һһǿϲƢ㻹ҪʵҲǿ󣡡
仰бŷ˷֮ɫ޳˵ȻˣͳְɣҼʶһ
޳ɻĿŷŷԼһֺ׾ͽƷαҪԼһսȻ޳ܲԸϣǰʵȷԼҪǿ󣬶ǿĲһǰ㣡
ƽʱûٵŷһǰ
޳仰ϲɵøֳһ˿Цǰ˵Ȼͳְɣ
㵱Ҫһ˺Ҵ򣿡
֮г󣬲ⲢΪ޳룬ΪԼ룬Լ޳һս޷ˡ
޳ϵͷų֮ɫһ䣬ͷų˷ܵĹâͣ·Ѿ޳֮սһԴ
ն粻ŷŷߣɻʵŷսʵȻǿ󣬿ôĶ֣
ͷİɣʵݱ̫ãһǰչʾһһһ㶼һȥսϵʵ
ʵ
ն૵ظһ䣬¶ɫ·ŷﻰ֮е˼
һֱ֪޳ݣȻ֪ŷʲô˼ŷ¶һ˿ЦݣЦݶ˵ȴ˵Σա
Ц
ն翴ŷ۽ǣȫ֪״
ŷһԴ˵ȻҸ˵ֻԭ֮һҪԭϺսӶҿԴһԹ۲ҳ
ն仰һŷһжΪսһжζԼ档
ն翴ǰвɵЩ棬ǳ޵ǿ֮ǰʵȻԼ֮ȴû̫Ĳ࣬һٴοʶԼС
а룬ֿʵԸӶǳҲǲܣ
ڵʵǿ󵽺εȵزһնҲе档
޳վڿУ޳ʵǿ󣬶ǿǹɺ嫵Ϣ֮У޳ȫûа취ȣ޳ǿֻֿϢ
֮սûпʼնѾ˽ΪϢѾﵽŷ̶ֳȣʵҪŷʤһ֮սӦûκΪʲôŷȴΪ޳ܹǣסأ
һ˲䣬˶ˡ
ȫǵʯ֮䣬ʧȻӿײһһ޴ɢһͣڿУһǺݺݵڿϣΧĿϵĲըΧĿռ䶼顣
ôᣡ
һ飬ȵǸղϵƶٶȣϵԼҲ޷Ķ˲ɵɣǽϵ
ֻǰն磬ҲһԶԶؿŴӵ޳жһŵɫ
˫ϵߣ
ûȫ϶ǴŻɵ˵˫ϵ߿Ƿǳټģ㾡ȫʩչɣǲһͶ¶ֵġ
ն仰ϲֳһ˿Цżûп㽫ԸˡһսˣֻҪܹսͽһжµ֡
뵽ˣն粻תͷŷŷ·Ѿһжƺһ㣬սҲˡһȷ㹻ʱŷԱ߹۲ʵ
նа࣬ŷҲĿ࿴ԭֻǵӵһʵǻҲȫѷɫˡ
޳ǰ˷ܵǸֳһ˿Ц˵㻹̫СңҾսʹ졣
ֻҪֻƤӹͺã
޳۾ŲԶŷ￴ȥŷĴ֮󣬲ɵ˿
޳֪ԼʵƳԽԽãһȻԸڸղŵս֮޳ˣʵˣսʶҲǺѷɫԼóȻǰĻһЧûС
޳۽ǳŰնƲȥʱ˿̵İնԱĿԼⳡսԼٽȥֻ°ٺһοܰնԼʲôĿģҲ˭ŹģڵȫƿŷУ֪ԼݣҲһҵ˵ʵҲûлᵽ˵
ʮն
޳Ϊڿлһʮ֣޴ʮɢΪĻϵǳ񱩵ڳռ˲䣬ضΪ֮ɫ䡣
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һؿ޳·Ѿ֪޳һ㡣
ðû뵽һܺŽ֣ϵĻҲԩ
޳һ˵άҿ֮𣬲һᾡﵽĿġ
δҲ̫԰˰ɣ
һЦϵͷųȻһɵ޳ײ֮ȴ޳ĹȫסǾ޴͵شӿɢ޴ĳٴ޳ɳȥ
ôᣡ
Ҳܵ޳ǿԼõ֮»̲סĳ
˵ʲôƾ޳ʱ˿̵ԼһĶ֡
һԵİնȫסˣ̶̼еĹϱôϵôܣʹôֻһǱ޳


2244 նľ
Ͼ޳
նȻ򣬶˵仰֮һɱԼϣȻԼŷϾ޴ѹ֮¸޷ɫøѿŷ˵ŷʲô˼
ʲô˼
ŷϸֳһ˿Цݣǰİն磬欲Σյ˵ҵ˼ܼ򵥣Ȼ֪޳ݣǧҪݱ֪ĻȻûн˵ɰնҲһˣȻᣡ
ģǲκ˵ģ
á
ŷûнնϣնӦ֮ͽĿ⳯޳Ǳ߿ȥʶ޳˵ʵˣնѾ֪ݣȥҲûʲô˼
޳΢΢ͷҲԼţˡ
ܵ޳֮еԽԽǿϸֳ˷Цݣ˵˶˵޳츳ǶôˣһܹһսҲˡ
ȻˣȻҪ㾡ˣ
޳ϵ͵رŷϵı֣һ˲䣬Χ¶½ʮȣеˮ׷ױѩ·һƬ˲ɰããһƬѩƮƮ֣һ˲â·ҪÿһƬѩ͸
޳ɫһ䣬Ӷʱ󳷣ǷԪػһУһ˲䣬޳ӰûǧЩԼߴĳһһסɫѿеķȻ飬飬ѭв졣
ǿĹ
⹥ͬưô֮У޴ӣĴ͸ǿһСľͿܻᱻˣ޳ɫѿҲ֪ԼӦôӦǰ
ĺսꪰɣ
ͣϵĹ޳˵޳΢΢ͷϸ֮һڹ֣ʹ֮£սꪷ·ܹʩչ
һź޳Ϊɢɢͬʱ¶Цݣ۾޳żĽ˵ǧԷΪС磬ÿһ綼һֱһ޷ȵģĽ֪ǳ޻᲻ǰǧ磬ĻҾܼʶһǴǧǿˡ
޳ҡͷ˵ͲˣѾںսˣ
ܲǲˣ
һ˲䣬˺һѷ죬һ޴ӰӴѷ֮г֣һͷ޴ߣ֮Դ֮г֣·Ϊ޷壬ֵһ˲䣬³˲䳯޳ȥ
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޳ɫѿȫǰһĻһ۷ǿߣȴܹӳ񾳽ʵ
޳вЩǰǿߵһһ۷ôӦԣ
һ˲䣬޳ͻȻŷĴȻСȴˡ
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޳Ȼ֮ǰһֱ󣬾ǿһ㣬Ҳܷӳ񾳽ʵܹԼþ֮Уɼʵǿ
޳һȣȻϸŨŨ棬ȼΧһУ޳ǰ۳һ޴ֱӶ׼ӿµţһ˲䣬֮ײһ𣬽ɫͻɫ·𽫿и㡣
֮⣬ϾЩڳ֮ͨȥͻȻ䣬ǿ߶ɫĿ⳯޳ȥ
һ˲䣬Щ۷ǿ߲òԼϵͷųȫ䱸ڸղŵĲ֮Ҵ
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Щһ֮УϾɫѿΪ֮ǰ˵һŷ˵
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޳
Ͼϸֳֻ֮ɫ֮ǰһֱм嶼ΪǰΪʲôֻб˼ûжԭҲˣһһ
ûн޳ţ޳ȻǾΪǼֻҪԼ˳űȥ޳
û뵽޳ˣǧ޳ɱûʲô˼ˣ
һײ֮޳ռ·磬˺ʮ˺岽嶼ٵյ˺
Ӧò۷徳˰ɣ
޳ǵѪǰ¶ɫ
ǳΪǳһֵĺôԽΪﵽ󻯣Ȼ֮ǰҲϾŷˣھǶҲη壡
޳仰̲ס࣬δҲ̫ˣɵ̶һ޳֮ǰҲԹû뵽Ϊǳ޵ĿܾȻҲô
޳еȣˣ޳ΪܹܵõƾһΪԺԼս˳̶ȣʵ
Ӹеǣ޳ǡ֮֮ͨǰ޳ѾﴫˣСս黹϶ѷɫԼһеΪȵġ
Һŷأ
޳˵仰֮۾ŷ￴һۣʱ˿̵ŷҲ׼֣һķ𣬺ͷͬʱɫ
һǰһһһˣѵõһĻȻˣ¶ЦݣһЦ֮ɫøѿΪŲԼϵϢȻ˸ѹˡ
ôܣ
ɫѿ˵ŷҲͰˣ޳ʵôѹƵң
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ŷһ˻Ӱ͸ǱȥϾ޴ռ𶯣˳Ծޱȣ
޳ŷĹҪ֮ѵĻֻ˳ȥԷһֲϣû·ߡ
һ˲Ľ·磬ֻе𾪣նҲһǰ޳ŷѾһĻлǲ⣬޳ôŷﹴһˣںͱ˼Ůһ
һҪ߱ϾĻҾ뿪ˣ
۾֮Ѿ¶˾ģ۾ս޳ŷһǶæǰսںԼĶԼڲ뿪ĻԺûлˣ
ǷϵߣƶٶȻǷǳ죬ֻû뿪ǧףǰȴͻȻһӰ
ͫһ֮оǿֻŵɫǰһƽ꣬ȴƽ
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ն֮г˲죬ǰ޳׸ղŷʲô飬޳ղԶսΪʲôͻȻԼǰѲͶԼһֱڲɫѣ
޳ǰİն磬˵״磬δҲҪʧˡ


2245 
״磬δҲ̫ʧˣ
޳֮¶˿˸֮ɫⲢϷǴһʼϲǰ԰ն磬ߺǲͬһֱվԼߣԼͱϾЩַ֮ǰҲһֱάԼ
ˣ޳ĺѶ֣һȴһһĴǾǲӦҪԼй¶ȥ
ն翴ǰ޳ɫѿ˵޳Ҵˣ״һˣԭ°״òã
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Ȼҹǿߣ޳аǰնҲǿʵġ
ն쿴޳ı֮ϸֳһ˿Ц˵ǽҿˣôҲҹҵģҺʵҪɱңҲҪ˷һЩ򣡡
޳ͷûнսꪼһӣдӿγɣ·κοռȫλննһء
޳۾һգĶٶȷǳ죬ѣնҲһ㣬üͷѣǹԹԵվԭأȴеĵ
״磡
޳ɫ¶һ˿̣ȭͷȴ͵غһ𣬴ӿеķ˲䳯Űնȥͬһʱ䣬ıըӿ𣬾޴˾춯أӲԶսŷҲһ
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˵仰֮˶٣ٴ¶ɻ֮ɫ˵ô˵ĻҲ԰ŷﲻϲԼ׸ŷ𣡡
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˵Сƺǹðնһը֮УʮɫĹâӱը֮ɢŵİնϢװնԼĹ֮λ
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նϵıѿ˿ûΪԼ޳ϻŰңѾܵ޳ŷԽԽǿɱ⣬ϲɵ¶һ˿Цſеа̾ûΪʲôҪݺң
ɫ֮ʱ׹ԭôԭģ
ԭҲҵɿܣ
նжûк⣬¶ͼ˿˷֮ɫ·ԼΪ˷ܡ
ڴ֮ǰҪС
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ŷ￴ŷٹ޳ǿһþһ㣬Ҫ޳ץס
ڿӣȴɺŷûдһ޳ɫѿۿŷѾȫʧǳ֮УԼֱУͬʱԼھ֮ͬʱͷų˿ĻѾˣֱɱ


2246 
һ㣡
޳ܵԼھ֮лϵһ˲䣬һЩȷԼ֮γЩȶؾǽǳըĶ޳ȻԼ֮бըԼֱ֮ϣǳ޷ȡԼͬʱУŷ˳
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˵ꡣܴһռͨ


2247 ֮
峤
ȥɣһ˲䣬˺ܶ࣬һͷڷ˿ڻ߲ӰҡΣܴʹ
֪Ǽ޳ЭҲǼԼЭ棬ȥ죬ֻԼΪȷ顣
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ס죡
һ˲䣬ɱ֣ϨĨâĲߣܴסϵ˿ڣ̾ϢһתĿռ֮ͨС
һٴһǿߣǺĸףȻԼѾһȴ޳ôߣԼָŮİһж׼֮ȴоռܴ֮ͨϢЩ֡
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޳ٴνѯʵĿ⿴ŷ˵ȷҪȥ𣿡
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ŷ˵仰֮޳ŷǰ̤ǳ֮С
ʵϽǳ֮еĸоûʲôͬǳȻɫ֮ɫʧΨһ治ͬǣжС㡣


2248 һ
ǳ޵ڲȫͬ
޳ʧ˵ǵһνǳ޵֮УŷѾǵڶΣԶŷ˵Ѿֲˣ޳ľٶǷС
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ŷһ£漴޳˵ʲô飬¶Ǹɫ޳˵Ҹˣô죬ֻ޵ʵ
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ŷﻺ³⼸֣ͻƵ񾳽֮ʱ̣Ȼ̾ŷﶼûоȴ޳
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ǰ죬ȴԽԽڣ֮ǳװεĺҹ֮Уһ޴ڿС


2249 

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һĻǾֻն֣֮УҪƶ⶯
޳ŷһۣӱ˴˵Ŀ֮Уܹ˶һƬռηͼɵͬʱź档
˵û
޳ߵŷô˵ŷﶼԼ˼ʱ䣬ʶһԼ࣬Ȼŷɫ֮¶ʧɫ˵ϧҶûĻһ˵һȻ
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ŷ˵ͷ۾ǰѯ˵ôǽȥ
޳Ҳ֪ʱӦô֮УƺʲôںԼ
Сһ㣡
޳ܹ֤Լİȫɶ߲ŷͲôȷˡŷ޳ô˵ϲɵøֳһ˿ŭݣΪ仰޳ˣԼһððʧʧĴߡ
֮£òԼеԹȥϾ޳ҲǹԼ
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תһȦûʲô֣ǼǰߣһγֵǾˣΪǷ֮Ӵķ֮ȫյĻʵӦܹﵽǳµĵز
޳˵ûжô˼ǰС
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˵ŷĲģһ𾪺Ͳһֱ飬һָŤı飬޳Ҳ֪
޳ΧʲôûУŷΪʲô˷ܡ
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޳ɻ˵Ϊʲôʲôûиܵ
ŷ￴޳һԻӲɵþЩЦ޳˵ұΪһﵽ񾳽أڿ֮ǰĵĶǴģһռ֮д֮֮£ҲնٶԴﵽ񾳽磬Ҹϰ
񾳽磡޳һ죬ǰŷа̾񵽱ˡ
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޳еããʱǰͻȻƮһЩտʼЩֻһѣʱЩԽԽ࣬ڴﵽеĵطǣ޳Ѫ֮С
ŷ·ͻȻһɺ嫵֮бŷĳ֮£ϵһжѾʧرϴŵ֣˲飬һĪ֮зɳʧڿС
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һ߸ߵɽ֮ϣһվڴˣĿԶ
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˵ʵһҸϵ߻ǼʶٶҿŷݣҲ֪ϵݣһ֪ŷǳܡ
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Ͼӣ¶Цݣ˵õϢҲûʲôôѾǳƣ뿪ǳڵķΧ֮ڣһõϢð׷𣿡
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ҲܲǶ˻ᣬȻǰֵҪɱǣȻ֣ǶܹʤֵܣȻˡˣֻܹԼˣתͷ԰ն˵˰Σ
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Ͼеһ˿ֻţڵԼҲǰ˵Ķ֡
ն翴űϾ¶Цݣ˵ûʲôôᣬһлù鹦㡣
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ŶҾȻˣն¶һ˿ЦݣߵıϾ˵һˣǵڻ֪ϵݣʵϱ޳
仰һ˶סˣڰ侲֮ЩɫѿĽ޳Źθеա
޳Ȼһ˱ţЩ˻֪֮ģȻֻнδ͵ǿɱЩ˵ԼĽ޳Ź֮ȫһʧǵӡ
ֵܣһкܶҪ㣬֪ݵģŷ֪𣿡
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ǲģŰڱ˼µʱŷ޳Ȼ֮⣬˭ûмǶƭһܼ򵥵顣

ŷΪʲôôѲŷ£޳
ᣬŷ֮ǰ֪飬Һ֮Ĺϵǲܲҵģ
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ȷˣŷ֪飬ŷ޳֮ҲһΣҼǺ֮ս֮ĬԲһ֮ԵԴﵽġ
޳᲻ŷС˰ƽʱŷƽʱԺã˽ʲô˭֪أ
Ⱥ֮в֪˭仰仰˲䣬ȫЦֻбϾͰնɫ档
㲻˵Լ֪ŷ𣿸Ͻ˵ɣʡ㱻ɱ֮Զ֪ˡ
ɱңնϸֳЦݣЦܴȻЦûнЩһ־֮ɫ·ʲô˵Ķһ
ȷ㹻ˣڰնг˽ֻﵽ۷ޣЩԸҲСһȺ޵
ֻĲңǣ
ն˵仰֮ϸֳЦݣЩ˵˵ŷ޳֮ʲôֱǺ˵˵ŷƷζǳر˲ˣ׸磬ŷ𣡡
ŷ𣡡
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ЩϢ˵ɫ仯Ȼһж˵Ųţ޷粻ˣն֮˵仰һԭǶ֪Ϊʲôô˵ȻڴʱӲԶһ˵
ֵû˵ѣŷһˣϲ˾ŷ𣬲ȫŷķԸ˵ŷŮˣ˵ŷһʵūƾŷôں
˵ǱϾ


2251 ǿѹ
Щ˿Ͼ֤һŸֳŵɫǱ˴˶ӣ֮г𾪣֪ϱ޳
Щ˻˶ŶŷģֻбϾһԶ˻ΪϾרŮɫЩ˲֪ԭԭϾ֪ŷһʲôˣһԾؿԼ˵Ц
ϾܵЩ˵ĿЩãæ˵Ҳûа취飬ŷ˵ֻҪȥ˭˵ĶὫҵͷϣҲò
Щ仰֮еŭû˶Ͼ鲻Ͻתƣ԰ն˵ʵǶʶʵǿ󣬾ҺŷֻǿʤһμȻˣ޳ǲѾ˰
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Щ˿ϷǸ֮ϸֳ𾪵ɫǸոջŷŷǲŷﱨ
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ŷĻ֮ϸֳһ˿ЦĿٴδȺ֮ѰңȺ֮ҳһԼġ
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Ͼŷ󷽷ĳˣΪԼˣ׼ѯʰ̧ͷһ˲䣬ȴŷѾԼǰŷ˵ŷүô
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ŷ𿴼ЩĲ֪ϸֳһ˿ʧɫΧޣһΧֵ˲䱬Χϰٸ˲ʧֻʣ¿вһĨҳ
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еɫ仯ΪǸǳƺŭΪ̫Щ˶޷ƵʣѾȫˡ


2252 ǳ֮
Ҵﵽˣ
ŷܵԼ֮ױȵϳ˷ܵɫԼ߿ȥ޳ûԼߣɫɵЩѿԼոɢôǿ޳ôܸܲ
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ŷÿֻΪԼҪʧһƬռ֮С
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޳ε̾˿ŷĶͷһ㣬ղ˵Ļͺ޳һֻص޳Ĵ֮С
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޳һ쵰

޳ǰŷ˵ͻȻôǲԶӣԶ޷ָˣ
Уûа취ɱˡ
ŷ˵仰֮ѯ޳˵Ҫεõһµ壬֮ǰôǿٻһǻʵ½
ģҾңΪζҵʵκεı仯ʵҵֻҪһЩѡ
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޳һ̤գٴγǳ޵֮Уŷ˵ɿˣ
ŷͷо޳Ѿ뿪Լ޳ȴɽԼţһ㶼ûм߷仯Χȥȴûп޳¶ֵɫ
Ȼûп޳ȴܹܵ޳Ĵڣû̫Զĵط˵Ǿߡ
ŷѾﵽ񾳣κϢĹǰûЧ۾ܹһУܹȷԼûд󷨺ͻþ֮СܿȥвɵøеѲĺǳΪһˣ
תһ֪Ĳܣǳô޳Ҫǳ޵壬ôƶ
͵֮ͻȻоǳڲĿռһ𶯣Ⲣһ𶯣ΧǵڲϵĿܼ֮һ㡣
տʼŷﲻΪȻΪǳƶĽɺЩǵȻԼۣɫ˲úѿĺһȴһĪס
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Ŭƽ飬ԼΧһеӰ죬صȴ޳վֵġ
ΧѹԽԽߵǵ۽һΣһĻ֮ȻлǲףԼܵǳ޵仯޳йء
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޳Ļŷܹ⣬ϾҲһǿߣܵΧϵۣϵĳͣ޳ϢҲϱǿ󣬶ʱ˿̣ܹܵ޳Ѿﵽٽ㡣
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һ۹âʱΪǳѹ֮жءɫøѿ׵ɢ֮󣬱˵ԼЩˣҲᵴȻ޴棬Ҫ뿪ȴԼ޴أһǿİ׹֮У˵ɫ仯һЩΪԼڽԲŻῴֹâ
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ʱ˿ŷ֮Ѿݲˣܵϴůĸо㿴޳ʱ˿̵޳һƶûУ·ҲģŷԼתͷŷ
һ˲䣬ŷо޳۾֮пǳ󺣣޾ռ䣬ʱǴ˵е֮ء
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һŭŷߴŷ˽Լϲɵһ˿ŭƺֻŷ޳ԽУκ˶Լḡֻ·һŷҪ֮ʱȴԼ˾Ȼŷ
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ŷû˵÷ǳϬĿⶢŷ֣ŷŷӦ޳һֱԼ֮ǰ˵ģδ뿪
ŷԥһ£ؽָ˻
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޳ɴ۾ŷϸֳһԩɫԼʲôûŷȻɱԼ
΢΢ü˵лú˵
ŷû޳ǿŷϬѯʵ㵽׶֣
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ɣ

һķŷ𳹵סΪԼˣһЦʵã˵ʲô
ҲȥҲɱ޳֣Ǿȴҵʬ̤ȥ
ŷʮ㿪ʼ׷Լŷڻ˼֮ޱȣүڴﵽ۷Ϊ֮ǰֻһδ϶ϲߵѾߣǱŷ
Ǳʶ֮Уŷģ磬Ϊһֱôȥֱŷ츳ԽԽɫҪԼʤһΪάԼλѹǿʯһ֣ŷϡ
һ̻ˣ
ŷϳһ˿ЦݣȻЦݳ֮˶еΣգ˲㵽֮⣬Ȼ뿪˲䣬һǿŷϱһ˲䣬֮·޾УЩеĿֻһǱ޳
޳һߵŷ·˵ȫǳģԼŷ￴޳һƽӣŭգά޳޳ȴȫÿʾҲ̫ʧˣ
޳Ȼʲôû˵ɲʲôһǿ޳б޳ߵŷ˵һȵסҲֲ̫ʱ䣬취Ūռͨ뿪
ŷ仰ɵõ˵ͷŷȻȴûнԼʩչлС޳Ϊģһȫͷų֮ۿų޳ȥ޳ȴıЩ֮Уǳ޳ϢÿһǿķŷһûʲôЧ
ʱ˿̣ŷγɵĿռͨҲͣȫ͵˲䣬޳ͻȻǿһҫ۵İ׹֮޳ŷﶼʧ


2254 ͨ
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ŷһߣǰһ޴ĿռͨĿĺԣֱ׷ŷȥʧ֮ʣµһȺ㿴ҿ㣬˭Ҳò⣬Щ˽Ŀ⿴űϾһ¶֮ɫѯ˵Ӧô죿
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ϾѾտҲ֮ͨ޳ŷոմǳ޺ͱһʧˣܵõеĺôĻһ޳ŷ˵ǿʵЩܹġ
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֮׺âתͷ˵ıѾ޳УǶѾǿˣټϱŷİĿ绹˭Ķ֣һﵽ񾳽磬޵еĴڣʱ֧ĸ壬ĸ岻óΪһ壬ҰǿĻ֮λҲпģôܹ
ЩȻ޳֮ԩ޳𣬿޳ʵѾ׵Ĵвǣ󶼴һ壬Щ˵ǿɱҪҪԵϾ˵仰֮˶˳˼
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ܼ򵥣ֻҪ˵ȥǲɱ޳ŷ޳ԼҲȥŷӿλҪһ֪飬ŷҲŹˡ
һߣ޳ŷ޾֮УŷȻһǿߣȴǸո̤񾳽ѣѾ񾳽繮ŷԶŷν֣ΰˣֻ
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޳ǰŷɫϳ˻ţŷ˵һ취򿪿ռͨ뿪ҽŷעĻռͨȫر֮Ҳ޷ҵ㡣
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ҵָٶֲǲ֪Ȼûд򿪿ռͨҵһ˲ҲǳصģҵʵǿҪץסҲҪһ򡣡
޳Լƽ˵֪Լһ㶼£һ㶼ں
ǣŷһǿߣܹϻĿ΢΢
һȻŷ֪
¶һ˿Цݣŷ˵㻹ǵϲյĹ𣿡

һǸ㣬հǲ𣬴档
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ŷ˵仰֮ʶ仰޳񿴼֮һ㡣
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ŷɻʵ㲻ǲʮ𣿡
һʮʮѾˣҵȻҪЩǿǿ󣡡޳ŷﻹҪѯʵӣæ˵㲻Ҫ˵ˣŷϾҪ㽫ռͨ򿪡
ŷ˵ͷɾڿռͨ򿪵˲䣬ŷﶯˣһһƳ޳ȥ
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Ѿ֮ϸֳһ˿ЦԼѾﵽ񾳽磬ȴǱ޳ƣǷ̰
޳ŷʧڿռ֮ͨУϸֳһ˿Ц⡣㿪ĻǻȥĽԼŷŷУȻˣɺһҡ
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޳ܵԼֿռ䲨֮뿪
ŷһƬռ֮УѾܹܵ޳ϢڳԶȥȴֻ޳һˣûŷټŷȥĿռ䲨ûʧȥŷĻŷܵ˺һӲԼģһ޳ܵˣڼǿߵı֮£Ҫ޳ɱǿɾϼˡ
ߣһʱ䣬ȥ޳ʰȻʰ㣬ҵҪЩ˽һɢ֮⻹ʲô취
˵֮㳯޳뿪ĵطȥһǿߣƾ޳ٶٿ죬ôȵùռ䡣
޳뿪ʱΧľɫɵøе죬ΪƺмϤڲԶԼϢ
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޳ɵ˲䣬ͻȻˣﲻԶȣҲǱ˼Ĵ֮أҪǱܣȴջǱ߽ͻƣҪﵽ񾳽硣֪ͻûУܳǱܣԼ·ˣҪǽǿ߸ǿɾˡ
΢ͣһ˲ѣȴܵųֿռͨŷӿռͨ߳޳ԼǰͣվŸܲϴһ˿Ϣ¶һ˿Цݣǰ޳˵ôˣ㲻Ǿûκôܺܺ𣿡
޳ҡҡͷϸֳһЦ⣬ǰһǿ߲η壬ƾŷͷųǿ˵Ҳ˿ΪܵκӰ졣
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ŷ޳˵Ϊʲôϸܲһܰ
ƾŷôϢѹ޳ȫûôôȫǰ׷ѹ޳ʵȻǿ󣬿Ϣܹ֮޳ѹƵˣ֮ҲûмܹһɣԵƾһ㣬޳ŷҪռơ
ŷ𾪵ɫȥʱ˿޳ΪʲôֵܹԼϢ֪޳ûдﵽ񾳽磬ﵽ񾳽ĻŷԼͲѡܣѡֿˡ
һף޳֮ǰԼǳԶҪ׷ףȴͣһԭġ
ŷһˣǻۺʵ綼еη壬˵ǰֻһСС޳
ǰӦǱ˼Ĵ֮ذɣ㵱ģ㲻Ǹط𣿡
޳ǰŷû˵ϵ֣Ҳ˳Ȼ֪Լ򲻹ŷ𣬿ɲȡһ±ȫҲ޳Ը
ŷ޳ľٶǲɵ÷һߣг˳ıӣһ˦еĺʱγһ޴ƣƺݺݵػ£¡һ޳˿ûеֿڿеһĿռ䱬ըͬҪһ㣬ڵɵ;һѪ³


2255 ճ
޳Ѫɫģ³֮ʧڿУŷҲ㲻ǾʲôӦ޳ѪȴиܵӴ
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ӿеŷҲеһ˿ڣԼôأ޳̾˻˺ܶȤġ
ǰһ޳Ϸܲ޳Ϣֻܹһ޳ûУȻȴʧΪ޳ûϵƲģһΨһЧǽ޳ɢڶʱ֮޷ʹ顣
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ϵĻ˲֣˲һףȫŷ֮󣬹֮ϣȴȫûһã޳֪Լŷ֮޴󣬿ɵԼǿһŷһöû֮ʧ˾
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ŷ˵仰֮г׺֮ɫȻҪ޳ɱ֣֮ľôҪɱֵĻ޳ûа취㿪ֻ·һ
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һŷϳ֣â·ܹһжնȲ˵һҪǴ޳ϣ޳ɣڵ޳Ѿûʲô·ֻ·һ֮г˲ʣûΪԼڵĴڣֻǲĶѣԼʵ£ԼһµûС
Ȼʱ͵޳ҲҪʱͻȻܵһǿԶͣ޴Ϸմ籬ѣɢĿռиһУǿ֮ŷҲСؼһ޴׵糯
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ڴﵽ񾳽֮ʱȷܹߣɲӦôɰɣ
ӲòȻὫشɶٻܵ˺ǿߵĸоģԼܵΣաǳ޳ȴԼðգֻҪһ϶޳⿪
޳۾֮Ҳ⣬ǰһ޴Ļң֪ԼҪȥĻΨһĻᣬܸܵһ㣬Ǳ֮ԭƺԼ֮ǰ˽ЩΪЩ޹ȴû뵽ȻܹôǿһԿ϶ܹЩĶңһΧǿͻơ
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޳аֹ˭Ǳ˱Ǳֻ߳Ǳ߶޳Ψһĳ·ǿʹ̤һ˲Ǳ߳ȥ
ŷû׷ȥվһԣ¶ЦݣܹܵǱ߿ռ̺֮ľ޴һˣúܣǿ߿Խ֮ȫգӶ֮֮Ҳ޵еģٴ֮ϣ֮лһάƽ⣬
ʱ̫ܵƽΪǲĹȻһȴԶúܣߵһνӴʱ򣬱Ǵ۷ﵽʱһȻͻ߲ûκӰ죬ڵΨһñ壬ѹǿߡ
ͻ߲ʲôӰ죬ǰȥƻĻǿɾͲһˡ
ŷԼƬռ֮ȥһ˲䱾ͷӿĿռһƬңֻ´ʱҪÿռͨ뿪Ļֻ·һŷҪ뿪ֻҪĴڱϿϷУ޳ԼһС
޳ɫû˿仯ϱЦݵʼеѲ޳а취뿪
ҡҡͷа̾ôܣ޳ôһţҲֻһ۷ߣ֮оҶ޷˵ˡɵĿһƬҵĿռ䣬΢΢ļ£ɵٴνӺһ
ֻϧͻƵǸˣҵĿռҲ֪ʲôӰ죬Ҳã˭ղŶҳ֣
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޳ΪԼҲðգɵ֮󣬷ЩӦýԼȴûκӰ죬ҲԽΪãÿǰһҵĿռͻƽ
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ŷһĻ۾Ĵģгŵɫһֲòš
ԼһжʵģҲ֪ʲôԭֻܽΪ޳
ԽԽ޳ĴѾвˣΪ޳ŷڲ֮޳ҲʵϽѹơ޳չֳһУֱ֮еĳ
޳Ǳ߷ȥȻǷϵߣٶȴԶԶ޳ö࣬޳תͷŲƵŷɫøѿ֪ŷʱԼֵĻԼһɡ
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ŷһǿδ̫̫˰ɣ
һϵռص޳ֻ֪˭ˣŷסǵ˵ӡ
ϴ¡һ޴ıըһ߳ڶǰ޳ߣϸֳһ˿Цݣ˷˵ͷɹˣ
ɶСӣĻֻһӶҪ֮ˡ仰ϣ޳ʵʵ˸м޳仰ҲЩ˼¶һ˿Ц⣬Ի˵֪ѾΪһǿһܸ˵ġ
ˣСڻ𣿡
õúܣϾֵܺչ
޳֮д˼ɵüͷһ壬ɵ޳ϾǷɫҲں˼־ǰ޳ɵøе죬ԼͻƵʱ䣬޳ʵҲ٣һο޳ȴܲ޳κ
ѲѾǰһﵽ񾳽ˣΪʲôҸܲʵ
ңǿߣôܣ
޳Ц


2256 ͵Ļ
޳ͻɣŷȴһߣĸŷȻŭգûǴһС۲ŻյʵȻոմﵽ񾳽磬ʵȴС
ǿ֮սѾûݣԿƣɳܲô޴ƻ
Ҳ֮ʵô޴ֻҪǿ֮սӮһȻܹҲȻܵصˣǿ֮ս໥ǣƣٻĶ֡
֮ԸҴ޳ŷ󲽲ƣΪԼŷǰȫˣ֪ŷҺԼ֣һŷֻ־ܣ㷴ҲôƴǰĻղУԻղϤȴԻյԸţĺ޳֮ϵĻԼҪ޳ɱһЩ
ⲻǻǰ𣿹ϲǰﵽ񾳽磡
ŷԼ˵㽫ͷת˹ŷ϶һ˿ŭŷ𿴼һĻа̾͹޳ͻ֮Ĺϵ
ŷ𣡡
տ˿޳ٿŷͻȻ¶ЦݣһЦ죬۾ŷ˵ôŷֵҪ޳֣֪޳СֵôˣѲ㼵츳ҶǿߣӦаɣ
ά޳ŷԼȥŷȴô򵥾ͷŻ⣬ȻھձȴҪ˵ǰ˵ǣĻǲ޳ֵģ෴ܹһǿĸ֣޳ˣ
֪һ㣬鲢ûκα仯ǵ˵ΣǱ˼ˣȻҲĿˡ
ŷף˵һ̣
ŷ˵仰ʱ򣬾޳ɫøѿԼȻŷϵҲ˵Ǹܣŵ磬ŷ֮Ĺϵ㲻ر𣬸Ӳ˵Լŷס
仰ɫҲѿ֪޳ŷ棬ȴ벻޳ȻôŷŮ˶ܹ㵽֡
תͷ޳ӣ޳ûд㷴ϲɵ¶һ˿Цݣ˵޳
޳ŷ֮ĹϵѾ㹻ˣӻյĿоȻĳôһ仰ʱŷɫüѿɢǿɱŻ˵ʲô˼
¶ݴͬЦݣŷ˵ŷ޳֮лŮĻҪԤδҲ̫˰ɣ޳ô˵һɶõ˲ţŷȻ֪ĳΣɿӢˬŷҲѿνвŮòҲٺʲˣ
ŷ۲̲סҪˣһ˵޳ôܺһֱһЦ
ն޳ǸӣԵŷ޳һǿߵϢͷųϢм䣬޳վС
Ϊ޳ٶɫøѿǶ˶Ѿﵽ񾳽磬޳۷ѣɢȴһ㶼в޳޳ϢмͬͥŲɲܹͨģŷҪ޳ɱ뷨ǿʢҲһ޳Ͽ޾ĿܣԲ˺޳ġ
ǰŷ˵ŷڶ֮ǰҪҺ˲ͬ޳ĪĶ飬Ҳᱣ޳ġʵȻǿ󣬿ұűĴսȫȫܵ飬һϣ
Ȼ˵ǲսȻ㲻սĻɴһŹ޳
Ϊ˵룬ȻΪ޳սŷֵĻпһʤ㶼ûУĿǰΨһİ취ϽߡҲ֪ԼһܲܳɹɵŷǶҡ֮¶һ˿Цݡ
޳ŷԶ˲ܿľĺѾȫʪ͸ͷųϵĺˮһֱϵɡ
գѡվ޳ߵʱҪע⣬޳Ѿˣ֮иû֮أΪվ޳߾͸ҴһɽɾʹشˣҴֻ鷳ѣһ޾鷳
ŷ˵仰֮һʵĿ޳һۣû˵ʲôҲûʲôٶ
޳뿪֮ɵһߵĻգż˵ǰܹ㣬Ǳɰ
޳ĻЦһ޳˵ԼʹȻûʲôϵѾȥ೤ʱˣǼŪķ֮УҲǴﵽ񾳽Ļ治֪δ
仰ȻЦ˵Цɴӻյ֮ȴܹĸл޳¶һ˿ЦݣԻ˵ܹﵽ񾳽Ǻ飬ĻҾֶһɽˣ
仰ɵùЦ޳ʵͻƵʱһ˲ɣŷǿ߶ˣѾ졣
ɾˣȷܻңǶΪ˼ûԵʣҲֻһСӶѣ
仰ɵõ˵ͷﱾһ壬ֻеҪһ㣬еһôûаˡ
޳һж˵֮֮ͨУֻԼ֮ͨŷ˵һ£ûн˵ǲգȷǳҪһһЩĲ֪Ļ޳ĵùˡ
ջôЩҲǶǰ׻ģ֪޳Լں֪޳Ȼѡ񲻸Լһԭ򣬶Լ׷ʵˣҲֻ޳ķжѡ
޳֮ԸͻһΪԭͻոҪ뿪޳ͻȻӿҡһ£Ȼݺݵˤڵϣ䵽ϵ˲䣬ضһ£ĵطһ޴ĿӶӶԽһиװ£޳ڵ¼ǧ״š
޳
ɫһ䣬æԼͷųܿ޳ߣ뽫޳ģɵԼ޳֮ɫ˲øѿΪ޷޳壬·޳嶼޵һ㣬ۿȥ޳档
޳޳ϵ׶ܣ


2257 
һȺΧѾѹıȸҪӲغ俪Ȼ޳ߣҪ޳Ӵ޳һ˲ɫ÷ǳѿ˺ܴŽ޳˵ô£ôôء
տʼֱӴԽռ뿪ϾΪһǿӵߴ򿪿ռͨԼߴ޳޷ͨռֻ֮ͨ̾һ޳
޳ϵϢϣܹ֪޳ʲô⣬ɵҪôʱȴͻȻһ飬ʱ˿޳Ѿʧȥʶȴ޷ܵϢ
޳ϢʧȻǹ£屾ӡ
ɵøеӺ棬޳ķڵϣ޳·ľ޴ʯͷ̱ѹˣ޳ĺϵ·һĨɫĺۼϸһһĨɫĶɫʱ˱仯
⡭þôܣ޳ΪѪҺ
֮£Ҳ˲ʲôݲݵģְ޳ؿ֮ϣϸ޳ĹɣȻɫȴ˱øѿǿһС
ȫһʹɣɵĻΪλι̣Ѳ壡
ոոմﵽ񾳽磬յĲǶô޷һЩ˽⡣޳һ֮ܵ˺ĻǿԳԼ޳ԭ
ϸĸ޳ոҪֵʱȴӵϵ޳һߣӻ˯֮˹
޳оԼʹ֪Լڶŷʱܵ˺һʼЩֲסԼҪŷ𿴼һûԼ¶֡
۾ǰ֮ԼĻգæֹ˵ҪǵὫҸԽԽ鷳
仰֮¶һ˿Ц޳˵Ǹô죬ǱһǿߴˣҪָĻѡ
ҲǶѣ֪ʲôطų𣿡
ô
İٱУ
޳˵ܼ򵥣ǲûձȥҪֵ֪طȥˣ
а²޳ʱȴͻȻһ飬ƺ֪ôһط
ûؿ޳һۣ˵ãһֵܣסĵطӵֶ츣ء
޳仰֮¶ϲ֮ɫΪûϣء
ط
㼱ʲô
ûĿһ޳˵粻ͬ˴֮䶼ӣһĴڣ粻ףҪҲϼѡĿ硭
Դǧ磡
ղĿһ޳ɿһ˵ǴǧĿ֮սҲ֪ⳡսĳֲǺԤףһֻء
˵ֻضֵʱ޳ϴһ飬֮ǰҲ˵ֻÿһ˵鶼˼ɵ·ںʲô˷ܵĿŻգϣܹ˵һȻȴֱʡԡ
ÿһεֻضǽ⣬δսǿ࣬ൽЩǿߴδϳֹ綼Ѿ伣ȴ֪ʲôط
޳仰֮ϳ˷֮ɫǰĻգ˵ѲͷҪȥЩڵĵط
޳˵ɫһ䣬˵ôܣҸЩֻ˵ҿԴȥʶЩ˵֮һ
޳仰֮˺ڣ֮һѣΪҪԼʶЩء
ձҪҪôҪҪ޳ȥɵ޳֮ϲɵøֳһ˿ŭ⣬˵ôȥ㻹Ը𣿡
޳Ϊδŭ⣬æЦ˵ûУҸ˻أôأ
տ޳ӣһ˵ʶ࣡
޳ϿںеԸӣǿȻ˵ϲ𣬿Ҫ޵ȫľҪʱ⣬в׺ɣֻأҴҶϵһжڸ棬ǹ棬Ƿ򣬶ȴȫЩΥ
޳лкܶ뷨յʮ֮бЩʱ˿̴ԻҶѵ״̬ȴֳܹ֮Уһһĵάƽ⣬һ֪ĹΥĴڡ
һˣᷢʲô˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣֱֻ̤֮Уֱֻӻ𣬶пܵûʲô仯ڱ񣬽ֱӽԼ
ֻܹװͿ磡
ڻյ󣬴ռ֮ͨһԭ޳ոճܹܵӴЩȻǿ󣬿ɻ޳˵һٱôֲ޳ɻĿ⿴Żգϸֳһ˿Цݣ·ڸ޳˵Ҫż
ǻûеļԲȶﻹһξ룬ĵһ°ɣ
޳Ѱһָĳһŷ𾲾ƯڿУڵط޳ŷֿĵط
ŷ𾲾ظһƬĿռ䲨Ҫ֪ŷ뿪ķ͵ص㣬֮۾Ŀ֮˸ŭ
޳һжΪ޳
¡¡ڻζݡ꣬ձһɫĶѿռնٲȻһ
·ĳ֮ɫѿæлǵϷһǿߣǶԾһĴڣǵȫƿأ鲻ôá
֪ŷȺɱΪֻҪŷôûܹ뿪·һ۷ǿߣǸϷʵȻܹϳŷ
ŷ𣡡
ȥŷЩ˸ص׷ʲô顣
Щ˽ϣŷϣɸոҪжȴϷĿռѾˣЩ۷ǿ߶޷忪Щ˵ڶûзӦδҲ̫ɵˣǰ֮ԴŷǻȥŷȻʵŷһеס
ŷҲܵЩ˵ϢӵǱ߿ȥȻһ䣬ƺƵ֮޴һУȻո̤۷岻õǿߡ
ŷˣЩ˵޳ҲôöԸĻͺˡ
˵֮ǰһռͨѸ뿪


2258 ֲ
޳һƬԭģǱʣ̵ĲԭĺˮˮϼСݣС֮з·סһˣԶԶȥֻܿһɹ̫
˵ľ
޳˵ǿΧľȫûһ㶴츣صӣ۾ϸΧǾ޴֮ɫһ䣬ʱ򣬴ɹ̫ǿ۾˲޳Լͷų֮ǰ޳ǰ
ûжôŵľٶǽһ̧޳ļ֮ϣһ˲䣬޳ܵԼ֮ȫǰ˸еȵĻֻһ㣬ﵽ״̬ܹ֮̾Ϣڵˣֻǰһ
޳ܵԼɫʱøѿתͷߵĻգϣܹ˵ʲô
ǰ飡
޳ѾԪϼĻգ˿ΪϵԪϣȴƺǰΪǰЩ졣
˽ͷһתֽ֮ɿϴЦݣ˵һΪ˭أԭǻСҲﵽ񾳽ˣͦһΪһӶﲻأ
˵仰֮ϲЩΣʵ޳ͻƵĻʣµʱɺ޶־Լ۷ʵһҲûдﵽ񾳽Ŀܡ
ûн˵ȴͷһת޳ɻʵͻǲΪСӣ
յ˵ͷ˵ǰۣ
˹һЦѹ޳ϵÿȻѾ޳ݣյĻҡͷ˵ɲһۣС̫ڷâ¶һ۷ߣȴɢǿϢ
ǿϢ
仰֮ɫЩΣ޳ϸܲһϢȴ޳
Сֵγƺ
޳ѯԼ֣æش˵޳
ĸ磿һ۾Ϳ޳ݣ֪޳ˣܹһˣҲǵһ޳Ȼ޷ܵ˵ʵܵ˵ʵҪԼĻҪǿ󣬲ǿöࡣ
ǧ磡
ǧðɱ羫򱶣ÿһС綼˵ĵܵƵĻҲȥǧ翴һ¡
޳֪ʱ˿ԼһǰԶʧ֮еĲģǸе˵ǰΪ˸˵ǹھ£㻹ɵ𣿡
ˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ɵĲˣ񣡡
տ޳ڻ֪ǰ˵ݣæ˵޳˵𣿡
źֻܶ࣬һһڼǰĴ֮һĲڣֻϧ彫ڸˣӴ֮ϵĴ˶ֻ֪ڸǡ
յѯ֮֮дżֳϣɫ޳޳Ͷ粢ϤҾڻڵǵã˵Ѿʧˣ˿޳ӣ©ĵɫǺΣΪ޳磬Ҳ˲ٵʱ䣬ҲӦ֪ڵĴء
˵һλǲڵǶΪ桭
㲻ԸôƺĻǰҲУϾҵֲֽ
޳Ҳоǰ֮ΪҲʣ˵ͷ˵ǰС޳
ֲԳԾ޳´һ£Ȼ˵ͷ˵ˣһ˵ĲᣬһҪлָɣκεط㶼ԶطҲ°빦
˵仰֮޳˵ͷûк⿩˹Ŀ˻ô꣬ô飬ں飬ʱ˿˵׻ûʲôô
޳ɵٹ￪⣬֮ȥôԶΪܵӰ졣뿪ֲ֮ĳĶԻ˵˿ɷͬѰܹʲô飬û˻֪һԿ϶Ǳһҵġ
ʵͳΪһˣѾˣĴ廹ǿ߶ڿ֮λǰȥĻһֹܹ鷢
ҵȷֹܹҲֹһеһжӦ˶Ҫһ޳˳֣Ż֮УǸ޳һֵĻᣡ
仰ɫø죬ֲ˵˵޳޳
ȻǳһƱ޳ܹʵһ·Ѿܵ˲ٵĿѣԲŻôĺôԸģ㲻ý𣡡
仰֮󣬻յɫøѿı޳վ޳񼫣ֲһת˵Ҳпܸ
˵
ûѾܵǹѾ֮У޳֮ǰѾˣԲ޳鷳鷳޳𣿡
յ˵ͷϾֲѾ˵ôˣҪǻףδҲԵ̫ˡ
͵޳ʱͻȻܵΧ仯жʱ¶֮ɫͬһ㣬ǱֿɢһǺӣڿгһĺӰȫ޳ȥ
һЦЦԿɬ·ܵԼѾһ㡣
һߡ
ŷӿռ֮ͨгʱɫѿΪոմﵽľ磬һûüȶһǿչ׷ϷѾ۵ýƣϵһ˲Ҳʧˡ
û̽ԼѰһΪʱ˿̼͸֧ĻпܽԼͲȹ̵ΪŪý;磬һΪ벽ǿߣҲûлΪˣ
֮󣬺ܶ˿ݶһɫеӡͬɫеĿЩ˸ĸо޳ĸоͬ޳е߳ŭЩֻеġ
һ磬ôһŮ޿棬ṵ́ܶЩ̸̰֮жŷǰ߲֮һȺδ󺺱סȥ·Щ֮дͨˣֻһͨߡǴﵽǿ߾֮˵ŷţЩ˸֪ǰ˭ֻ֪һѵһŮ
СƤȥﰡ
ÿ
ϣƢ
ŷһΪûУɱЩǿˣǱɫϣÿǰһ߱ųһѪ죡


2259 ֮
뿪֮ͨʮ֮綼֪ˣһ֮вһЩѾõϾǰ޳ϣ޳ƭƭȥԼҪıҲ޳ˡ
û½ֻǳһ̤ʯ޳˸ߵĵز
Щŷŷ֮Ľ֮ҲЩ۲һŷ޳֮Ĺ£Ǳ˵ŴɫʣɲΣʱ˿ͬ˱޳δޡ
ҷɱɣ
翴źս㲵ɫг˷ŭɵҪֵʱȴֹż˵ͿҵϷŹ޳ɣ
ܣ
߷һɺ˪۾Ѿɱɫɱ⡣һ˲䣬һж·ʧֻʣ¼ͺˡ
۾֮Խǳ簮ԽǶ޳ɱ˵޳Ѱ
һһú飬һԼĸףһԼİˣм̫ˡ
ᶨż˵Ҫɱ޳ĻǾʹҵʬ߹ȥ
⺣Ѿ¶ģɾ˵仰˲䣬ȴˣгŵĿǰļ磬һһϣҲ֪˵Щʲô
ʧĿǰԼŮߵߣ˵ģһ޳һ޳ֻһˣԶԶֻһˡ
Ѿױ⣬ʲô˵Ҳ˵żıӰ¶ʧ֮ɫȻ˵ɱ޳Ǿһɱ޳ôԴ޳һδ֪гΨһܹϣֻˣǱǺӺܴ
ι˵ܴӦô
ܴߵĺһۣ˵ʲôô
޳ӿǰۼôǿߣƽʱĹӺܶ࣬Ҳ֪޳ȫˡ
Ҳûа취ĿǰõĽ취һжü˵ķԶԶܹģ˵һ仰ܹȵ顣
ܴ˵仰һȭܴȥܴ˵ЩһЩϻ
ĸҲ⼧޳˵
ܴƺôΪ֮дż˼飬·Ŀԡ
ЩȻܶ࣬ɲûĴˡ˼ϾĴ֮һЩȫ޳ĶԱ˼֣κһ˶ҡ
ܴ󽫱˼ĴŸϣηЩˣǽЩ˸棬۲Ϊ
˼ɺþûʢˡЩǿ˷ûΪģЩ޳ҪΪ޳ϵǿ߱𣬽ŷıĿںţҪ޳ʵҪĶܼ򵥣Ǳ޳֮ͨõı
쳤ϣ
ֵҲˣżǧʱûˣɺãôʱ㶼ȥ
ȻǱһЩʲô顣
һΪʲô
һӦ֪ɣ
˶һۣȻЦ·һоڲС뷨Ĳˣ˶뷨˶޳ս֮зһư
֮ͨıʲô
˵ǳ޵ıǳް֮ΪϵޣܹĶȻ֮Ҳһ޳츳Ȼֵõֱֻ꣬û޳Ķ֣Բ޳ʲôⶫģȻҪУ˵Բ԰
û
ȻⶫУһ۾֮ȴ¶̰ɫЩ˿˼ţҲż˼̬ȵһ죬Щ֪˼̬֮󣬾ͿԹȥַ޳
ȻʱͻȻһռͨռ֮ͨУһ˳˲ŷֻ˭
磡
ܹƺ˼峤ˣҲֻŷһˡ
ܴϿյŷɫʱ仯֮ŷں׷ɱ޳ŷŷȴһ˵
ôƺңСɱ㣡
һ˲䣬ҲڿУǺܶ˵һοӣǾգϸΣֱĳӢɷˬֲ֮Ķˡ
ȫȻ˶ĳྪȵˡЩ˲ɵ۾ΪԼˡ
ȻôƯһŮĳƺȻ鴫
ʲôһŮ֮ϣһǼŮžҪӭȢʱҪȼˡ
һһأ
ŷ
ʲôŷȼ绹ҪƯ
Ҳûм˶ô˵ģȻҲڼ֮ϡ
һǿߣЩ˵ĻȻȫԴ֮Уû⣬ϸֳһ˿Цݡ
һЦҲȻǡ
ŷҲɵסŷ˵ʲôЦģ
û뵽ŷһȻȥһҲû뵽ɣǵü֮ǰŷﻹڽźҾһսĿľΪ㣡
ô˵ǰ㻹ио
һˣֻǽŷﵱѶѣ㵱мûӣϵң
˵£⼧ϴŵЦݣͺе鶼췢һ㣬Լŷﵱѣ޳ԼŮԼҲ޳Ȧףβ޳ԭ
ŷҲһϴŵЦݣŷ˵һﲻǱ㽻޳Ϊ޳ûϡ
һʲô˼
ҵ֮λ
˿˽վţһһϣЩ˲öôǿдҲ޼£Ϸİ֡Щ˿˵ӻΪ޳飬ⲻ֪ǶĹ
⼧ҲŷֱӸһǰŷ΢΢ü˵Ҫ㵱Ҷʲôô
һȻ٣һ޳˼Ϊһ塣ͬʱ֮ĹϵҪ̫ԼӦس˻в֮λ֮⣬κҶӦ㣡
仰֮΢΢ͷ˵ҾһΣҲν޳һҪҴ
ŷ¶Цݣ˵ͷӦ


2260 ¹
Ƕ˵Щʲô
ӿϷ״ɻߵܴ󣬶ܴȴھĿϷ񣬾˵ĻҲȫû
ιܴòǳԴ˰ɣ
֮ǰһ仰ܴûʲôӦһ仰ȴܴ̱ɫź˵仰ɲ˵Ҳģ
ŽܴͺͬΣе鶼ϣ뱻һ۾ͿҲ
ʵлģ峤Ҳԭġ
һԵ˵Լľܴ󣬿ɵܴӣ֪ܴһľ񣬲ɵ̾һаԼضԶ
һߣ⼧ŷѾһ£ŷҲûˣһռ֣ͨӱʧ
·˶סˣǱΪŷ޳鷳ģϾ޳ã˭뵽ȻͻȻĳ֣ȻͻȻʧͷβûһұ˼鷳ӡ
ŷ￴·һۣһг˱ģЩܵ˵㷴Ļ
λǱ˼ǰҲһʱ䣬Ǳ˼嵽ʲôЩ˻񣿡
ŷѯʣЩ㿴ҿû˵ǿɲ˵ⱻ˼ԡ
Ϊ޳޳ɱҵܵܣǱ˼Ӧø˵ɣ
һֿ֣Щ˳ȥ֮նڲ¥֮ϣ۾ſеļ磬Լǿߵѹն˿Ϊ
߽ߣòϢǳƣ֪ĻΪͬһأЩȴҹǿߣһ˫̥˴֮Ĭʮ㣬һǿ߸˵Ķ֣ǶԶҲû˸ǰԡ
ն˿ν޿֣ҲѹڼǰҰڳһ̬أ
翴˰նһۣϴһ˿Цݣ˵ԭǰ峤ݹ٣Ҫҵ޳鷳ȷʵ˼壬㲻˵ط𣿡
޳Ůһ˭Ů޳֮ĶһڳѲˣ
⼧նú׵˵ϸֳһ˿ɫǰİն˵СŮ޳֮䶩ǲԴ޳쵰СŮһ̣㲻ҼŮҿ޳һὫǧУܣΪ֮£صǱ˼֮𣿡
Ȼ޳ûղŷṩһһֱ׷ɱ޳޳ȴȣڶ䲻һڻ
Ⱥ֮ҲŻˣ˵仰֮е˶ɫһ˲䣬ҳΪʸ֮ģǱɫ˵ճϻ飬Ѿ뿪һˣڶûл޳֮Źϵ޳ȴûһϵ
һɫøѿϾЩ벻ԼԼļһᱻƵ˼֮ϡ
籾飬Ļ֮üͷһ壬˵ȷͻûйϵ޳ͻ֮˽öѡ޳ѾǱ˼ˣǶ޳ֵûϵǱ˼ѣһ֪˭Իճ֣ǾݹҼ顣
ЩȻάңҺͱ˼֮ĹϵҲѰζǲ֪ǣԻҰڳôһ̬ȲΪգΪյСŮᡣ
Ͽ˵ĻǱɫָӵѯʵүү°ɣ
Ӻܴһۣ¶һ˿ЦݣԻ˵İɣǰڿһǿߣǼǿ֣˭Ҳɱ
ǿߣ
૵ظĸ֣֪ΪǿҵԸǱǳΪһǿߡڵ޳˺֮󣬻ΪԼˣԼͻղӦ޳޳մĺôΪһǿߣվڼߣȴĿʼ޳Ҫ޳
⺣Ѿû¸ɵʱͽ淢ߺúڵ޳Ӷ˺Լ塣
޳Ͼûҵһ峤Ҫǿ֧һܸ˵ģһ˸㲻þͻὫ޳Ź
˵ĻɵøеֺЦὫ鿴̫ˣ޳ĲǼ磬磬ǼԼĿ֮´ӦŹ޳ҲӦʱ˿̼ѡ޳ҲΪ˼룬һкжǳףּ磬ǷǳлӦԼŹ޳һ·
Ȼ֣ʱԼͻһļ֮Уһһѵĥ֮УԼúͼԽԽڲţԼǼŮ
ڼ罫Щ˵֮ΧЩǿ߲òɢ⼧ݺ͵λݸܶԼЩ˵ѡ
صڵļһӾ˼ʮ꣬Ȼ̴棬ɶ˸ܵϵ㲸С
峤
ܽ㻹ʲôҪ˵
ܴҪο磬ɼһ仰Լͼ֮һ֣ΪԼѾѡվ޳һߡ
һ˲䣬⼧ıӰ˹µ֮ɫܴĲ̡
û£°ɣ
ǣ
ܴ뿪棬żĵȴţ
ܴ֮۾ɨһۺ˵Ҳûа취ˣֻһһһһǱǲܷʲô飬Զվڡ
Զվ峤һߣˣҪҪôŻôϵˡһںӣ˵㱾Ͳһߣûзȫˣֻһϼһ㲻õʲôû˻㣬ĵȥ峤ɣ
Сӣҿûôϣ
ܴĻɶˡڷ֮У⼧Ҳͬ仰ϸֳЦݲûж˵ʲôüͷѾչһЩĵվ¿һ¼ҹˣܴվԼĸоöˡ
ֿܴȻѡ˲ͬȻͲܼһˣߺѾ⣬ⲻվںĵǰ棬˵ܴ뻹ܺ峤ʱڣѾһһôȥѰ޳ôȥԲ߰
㻹Ұ


2261 һ֦
㻹Ұ
仰ɵýͷŤȥ˳ȥҪ˵仰˭ɵмĿ֮۵ĸм֮˲øʧ˵㲻ҪҺòãұһ˾Ѿ鷳ˣҿɲ˷ʱչ㣡
仰ٸеģǰĺ񣬳ε˵ҾԲ鷳ģ෴ʱҾչ˺㣬չ˵ǺģҲӦ÷˰ɣҺ֮ǰѾһˣһǴͬ
Ż˼ᶨǵ˵ͷ˵ǺãҿԣҪӦһ飬ǱǱҪ𣡡
ף
ӿһʮӣ˵ͷ˼һ£û޳ϢŷͻǱҲӦôأ
һݵԼٺһЦ˵ҶӶˣȰȥŪԵİɣ

̳֮ųȥıӰϸֳһĨ΢Цģ˵ӻ治Ǳǰˡ
һĨǳЦ֮УһĨ簮һԼҲûз֡
һߣ޳ʹ÷컯Χͬˮһ㣬ӴһһҹĹע֮£ϵںˡ
ǰ޳ĵˣ֮ǰһǿͨ˸ɶôӰ죬ܹں̵ܶʱ֮ھͽָһ֮ӣֱӳ۷ǿߵͨһҲʲôˣһܵˣͱô޲һһʱ䣬ٱĵطĻҪһʱ䣡
һһҹ֮޳۾һ˲䣬ǳâ¼һж·Ϊ˫۾
֮⣬պֲ壬ֲѾγ˰˷Χ֮ƣۿһӱɶ֣ɾʱһĪͷһϵɢϴŵЦݣеȴˣǰĻգЦ˵ǸҴһ鷳
Ҳܹܵһ֮ǰѾʶ޳ʵҲ޳ϸܵľȣܹܵǹɶȴûйھȡ
Ϸ¼ӣ˵Ҹ鷳ɲֻ޳һѾˣ
ֲһ̣Цһҡҡͷ˵޳ȷܹĪĺôֻϧƶһҪܵס
˵ʱ޳壬Χȴž޴ֳһ໥״̬֮ǿ޳ģɵõһ˽Ŀ⿴ɵһ𣬸æһ
޳ΪԼֵĲǿ⣬֮¾Ȼܲסɢȴ֪ȴΪ޳ֻһеȣ
Ȼѵһţ
ֲԼϵһ޳ǰַ޳ϣظ޳֮е
⸱ȻɺǳɣҲѹҪӴΪѾﵽˡ۷壿
ֲҲе֣ܵ޳ֻ۷ʵȴһԼҲ̾ʲôҲ˵
޳֪һûᣬֲô꣬һ֪ſڶʱ֮ʵĵط
޳ͻȻֲǰһݣ˵ǰϱ̫飬Ҫʵǰָ㡣
մһԿ޳ľٶϸֳЦݣƺϲֲ֪ӡ
ֲϸֳһ˿Ϊ֮ɫ޳˵ȿʵΣ۷ΪҾһΪԸɣ
ֲ˹ķʽܼ򵥣ǰһռͨռ֮ͨУһ£һֺӱǰ
տ̸ֳЦݣЦǺǵ˵У㻹۷ľ簡
е˱һƬԺ֪ʲô飬յĻ֮תͷŻգѾﵽ񾳽֮ɫ̱ó죬˵ôˣôܹﵽ񾳽磬үү˵һӶֻ֮𣿡
仰̱֮ɫûĶ޳˵޳˽ֵʱǧҪ飬Ƥ񣬴ϸʹ
пֲʵүүأΪʲôҪҽеҿմﵽʵ𣿡
ֲҡͷ˵һ޳Сֵսһ
޳
ȻҲ֪飬޳֮ȫһ㷴ӦûУתͷ޳ԼĶ־Ȼһ˵ʱɫøָ֣޳Ե˵˸ò޳ɣ
ֲǲ΢΢ü˵޳һ㣬һ򱶣ʲôʸ޳¶񣡡
˵仰֮۾޳˵޳Сֵܾǻ˵Ժݺݵؽѵһһ٣ֻʵˡ
ò˵ʵʵڵֱˬԸ޳ǳϲģԼĺսó˵ְɣ
пս֮֮ǰ϶޳еӶʧϸ޳ϵ˵ǿа㲻һ˾Ȼܹ֮ǰСˣ
Ҳɣ
е˵ͷ֮ȡһ֦֦Բ˼˵ҵȲóˣȣҵҲ֦ְ࣬ɣ
޳仰΢΢üӾǸϿԼʵһ㣬δҲ̫԰˰ɣ
ְɣ
е˵ͷУϵ֦ޱȣ޳˵κвʱϵ֦ľǴѿ֦һ˲ȴΣޱȡ
޳ΪԼĴԼǰ֮ȴɫСС֦̺Ӵ֮Щ֮޳ߴʱ򣬴벻֮£޳ֻԺսꪵļֵһ˲䣬޳ֱӵɳȥ֮УһƬԭ֮ҳһӡ
ڿдһݲ˼˵޳û°ɡ
ͷתͷ˵޳һ֦͹СˣһСõҲǿǡ
Щʧ̾һȻڱʾ޳̫ʧˡ
ԭһ֦Ҳܷӳǿǳʶˣ


2262 ֦
Ǵ˿зģ޳ĿУв֪޳ǿԵ޳վ֮֮һ˿֮ɫתͷˣȴ϶Цӣ·֪ûн
ѲΪҵĶ֣
ϸ޳Ȼ֪޳ʲô취Ϣأͨոսֵ˲ܹܵ޳ʵȻΪ۷һֻ֮еȣԼôԼĶ֡
һ޳޳ҲаԳޣȻܹﵽ̶ֳȵ֮١
ϵ˻Σǰ̤һ˲ñֱ渽ŵǿ֮޳Щ벻
޳Ҳܵǰ˵ص㣬ǱǿƣǿƵĹһ㶼ûֵĴ㡣
Ҳú޳⣬Դ뿪֮ŷ׷ɱ׷ɱ֮˻֮Уָ֮㵽ڣôʱȥˣûпһԼ
˵߶ʽûжô߼⣬ͬΪ֮УҪߡ
޳֮ȷûжôӵ似ɴЩ˵һһʽܾ޴Ǹöôӵ似ǰһ㣬ֵһ޳Ѻܴܶ㿪޳еΣա

޳һȣɫ˲ɺɫͬѪһĺɫ˲佫Χһȼյʧ˾ǳ޾֮УڿУ̤ͬնɻ壬޳ڲչֳ
ԭǻϵߣ
һ֮̾ǰ޳ʹõǳ⣬Ȼ󣬿ȴԼϵǿĶ࣬ս޳˷һЩȻ޳˻ԪأǱ˲˼ٱвòı˼·
пһ˼Ĵӣʵãս֮еÿһļ㡣
ޣϻôʻ㡣
ΪȻ統ûдﵽ񾳽ĻգǸʱձ㲻Һ֣Ϊ֪Լнֱɡ
һ޳֮սҲȫ޳˵ʵһǳжϡ
޳ڻ״̬֮£ʹûϵҪһ˲䣬ϳٸСЩСڿвϵתţȻûг֣ȴ˺ܴ
޳һϺսȻҪϵ֦ӲӲһ֦һ޼᲻ݵĺսꪣײһӦúײµʵȴûô򵥣޳ĹǰΧ֮ͬһ޳޳ǰ֣ᱻ֮и
֮κһǿ߶ܹգϾÿһǿ߶Ĵڣﵽ۷֮Բ֮ӴԼ˳ƣԲУ޳Ҳܹƿ֮޳ȴӽսϾ֮֮ݻģʹ֮ͬʱȻʹ֮δڶһˡ
޳ʶԼˣڸԼһȫµ磬ڸԼǿ֮սġ
޳ֹͣеĶһһڿУʱ˿Χһжˡ
пǰ޳ڸеʱҲһֲõԤСǰ޳˵ɣСӸòʱһ˼ʱյսʽɣ
ɵسŻտȥϾ޳ǻմģЩ֮˽޳һǻգʱ˿̻ҲΪܵʱƣ޳ϵԽԽǿ󣬷ǱԽԽС㲻ڵ״Գ
ֲ֮г˾֮ɫߵĻ˵޳֮еţĳһԤʾʲôû뵽ҵ֮Ȼܹ
ֲľȣǸֳһ˿ЦݡΪ޳ս֮ʧǲŻ״ֲǰֲֹĻ޳ٴγġ
СӣҵҪһܴʲôȣ
һӵʱλСҲһ˵ʲôͬϥָһ˲Χһжʯһ㣬һСʱ֮ǰЩӣһСʱ֮Щ˻ӣûб仯
һϸ紵ڿзOO@@ȻʱһӿдȻ󣬿˶ԭֹĸ˶һһ϶¶ȵɫ
ôᣬ֮ķȻ޳ˣ
ʶһ˲䣬޳ͻȻӿתѾһȻܷΧЩ֪Ϊʧȥ˿ƣ޳˶˲䣬Щ˲䳯еĺ󱳴ȥм״һٿž޴֮γһǿķ
Щһȫ˷ϣһ˲䣬޴ĳеɳȥɫ÷ǳѿȻںǱȴûյôص˺޳ĹеӵʱͻȻһǿĿϿգ¶ɫԣո޳Լ·˲Ĺ㵽ԼϷˡ
ǻϵôٶȣ
տеɫɵЦЦߵֲ˵˺һĴ󣬲һû˵޳˵ûа취⣬Ͼ˭벻ϾȻȫϵš
ֲȻҲ֪˵֮¶һ˿ЦûĿ˻һۣ˵ôǹеģ֪ȴǰ˵һгԵͷ
պٺһЦֲ˵㲻˵Ҫ취һЦСӵ޳Ϊʵѡ
ֲ÷ЦЦ
޳ֿûа飬һ´ӿն£ֱӺϵĵӲӲ⵾ӦϣҲһ֮ӿкݺݵ׹䵽棬ڿлδʧĻ֮ҳһ󶴣ȻݺݵڵϣһζôӵվŵĻպֲ¶ȵɫ
޳һȻû飬бϾҲһǿߣôһӦûܹܵס޳ûйڵġ
޳ŸղԼʹõ֮Ȼ֮֮ûиߵ֣֮սиĺôҲѹһ֦ͿԺԼս
ٴУϵ֦ȴ֦Ѿѿ¶һ˿εЦ⡣


2263 Ѫ
û뵽ô·磬ò˵ҳʶˣҲѹҸҺսأ
мʶ޳ʵֵ֮ĵģ·ѾϿ޳ʵ仰֮еİ޳Ҳܵˣ֪ⳡսô෴ⳡսǸոտʼ
޳仰˷ܣǰУЦ˵㻹ûʹóǾ;ʹñǣΪҲһڻûʹøղŵսһȤûС
޳˵仰֮ϱ˵˲֣һ޴ӰӰֽ޳峹Ϊһ塣
飬Ǳ˼ˣ
п޳ǵɫıˣ˵ڱ˼岢ûʲôɼ֮ôΪ˵˼Ψһ˱Ǽ磬⼧绹һŮˣǰ¶ʹõǱ˼飬ͱ˼֮һĳϵ
ʵϻȻ֪޳ӵб飬һ޳·ѾˣҲǸѣǸʱ޳ˣȻѾ˵ȴûиʾҲǻյһο޳ϳֱ˵顣
һԵֲĿŻգ·ѯʻգ޳ˣѲʵ
֮ǰж޳֮սʤ忪񿴼޳ϵ֮Ѿȫ޳Ӯⳡս
ս޳ͱ˵Ĵ֮֮ìܼ˵һ£ֲ޳˿˱вֱӽɱ֮ϲɵøֳһ˿Ц
ǲ֪ηΪĴ֮һӵеԲЩܹͨġ޳ڵΪ޷ӴǸ棬һǳˣֻµ޳ɳΪǿ֮ﱾ޳޴鷳
仰ɻ˵Ӧô찡
ֲҡҡͷ˵ûа취һֻƾ޳ˡ
ֲҲΣȷæԼҲһĴڣ֮ܳΪһǿ߻Ƕ֮еĲ֮˵ǲһѣһֲͱ֮Ĳͺܹˡ
ֲ޳Ĺ£ɵøеǳ𺳣޳ܹӵʵҲȻĥѣܵѹԲһܹͨӵеġ޳ôʱ򣬻һ򾳽綼ﲻСһأ
п޳˵ͬʱ޳ɽеΣոҲЩие˷ܣһֱһսҵ˶֡
һ֣еǰһ޽޽ޱȣ޳ȴ޽޷СΪܹܵԼϺս¶˷֮ɫһͬһɫ磬˲ӿͷһߣҲĽ޽̧Ķ޳֮γķһ죬һ޳ҲڻٶȣԼ֮޽û̧
ɵ޽ǰ֮ȴɫ޳ĺսùھ޽Ľ֮ϣһž޴˲ɢ޳ɫѿΪһ֮б÷飬ǿָܹܣɼһ޳Ӱж
Ȼ޳ѣиܵ޳Ҳɫøѿ˺޽һ֮޳ѾԶԶͨ۷߾רҲԴﵽֵز
ɿž޽֣þ޽ڿн𶯽ֹͣ޳˵ôǿ
޳¶һ˿ǳЦݣ˵֮ǰѾ˵ˣսԾʩչһҲ֪Լʵﵽʲô̶ȣ
дһã
ϵ˲ɫһڿУڿзתûжôɵ޳ϵı֮ӿзתȦȻű﷢һ޺𣬾޴ĺ
޳׷ʲô飬ʱ˿ƺԼ֮սҲǱͲ֮ս
Ĵֻͣһ״̬ȴ޵һ˿ʶֲ³ĸ֣һ֮ҫ֮ս
ղĴ֮һϲ޴У˫֮սʲô壬һ㣬޳Ҳڻ֮С
Ѿʹó޳һƲɵƣϵľ޽Ŀ󣬾һвϵ˶͹ȥ
޳ҲԼĹŪЩջӵндܵɵʹóֺ֮Լһ㣬ȻܹȴĿơ
һҲ·ֲͻտˣղ޳ΪʲôǽĿ⿴Լߵֲ
ֲԤϵջѯԼûĿŻ˵޳սһսνǼḻһȴˣǱʵҲڲϵӣر۷嵽񾳽ιȣĽ˷٣¸Ӧʱ˿̵Ӧ˽ǧ깮׶Σʱȫֻʹﵽ񾳽ˣ
֮˵ͷʾԼѾ֮ûʶһΪΪ̫ˣΪĺûгԹĽĿ޳а̾޳ȱ㶼Ľò˻ˣ
޳ӿҲʶԼĲ㣬ʱ˿ս֮ɲԼοⳡսѾǼ򵥵޳ʵĲԣ޳ҪзָߵͣҲ޳е飬ǱѪͲѪָ֮£տϷսԽԽЩԡ
˳δ̫˰ɣⳡս̫֮أҪҪҽⳡսʱȽͣ
ֲյĻٴ¶õɫ䲻˵ôôС޳ѵǿֻҪǼʱ֣ʲô飡
˶٣ȤĿſУ˵һûи߹㣬֮ô츳Ϊҵӣ֮Ѫ֮ҲǾ˵Ĵڡ
ʲô𣡡
ѵ뿴־˵Ѫ֮ײһ֮ʲô𣿡
֣̱ɫոҪֹȴһҲܶżַŭĿߵֲ˵ϣʲô˼
̫嶯ˣὫһϷɢģ޳ҪұΪһ˺޳˵ʵ޳˵һҶ˵ˣ㻹Ҫֹ𣿡ֲ˵


2264 
ʲô취һжֲļƻ֮Уؿһ˷ֲܵ˵ǿʱͬ⣬һҪ˵һ޳ʲô鷳ܵʲô˺һпɶĹʧҲûʲôϵ
ֲͷ·г˵ͽſȥɣпܽһĻ֮һҲ뿴ڶΡ
յ˵ͷ֪һʲô飬ģֲϵ˵֮£ҲԽҪǳȤ
޳֮սν൱ҪָµĻ޳ʵҪ΢ʤһһս˶ƣȻʱ޳ȴ֮ܵдһϢ
һɣɣһԼϣһǽϡ޳ɵó˲죬Ϊ֮ܵԺ֮оȻһӰӰˣǱ˵ı塣
Ѫӵߣ
һָ̬߰ȿ޳Ȼû޳ش˶ʱɫ޳ľռдһХ޳Ӿռ֮
޳һǰ飬ѾܵѾԼʶʱ˿ѾԼˣһֱıһֱӵб䣬˵Ǳﱾķıˡֵʱռ䶼·ǺƵƵ֮һǿߣ
֮ǰֲ˵еֲ֣˵кϷ˶ǿߣ޳еսСҼһ㣬ûʲôÿģȻ˳֮ɴͬǿ˵һᣬһӴǿһĻᡣ
ıˣ
˵Ĵ޵ѪΪʲôǿԶԶĿűˣһҪĤݵĸоѪѹָߵѪԻΪֱӵѹ
ԵֲֲûΪĳֶɫı䣬·ⲢҪĽ
һ£һĴڶֲ˵޶ԣ˵иֵȤĴڡ
һ׾ܹ뵽뵽һ֮ɫ˱䣬˵ѲɲҲ֣
ò˵ȷֲ˵÷ǳȤ
˶޳Ĳǳģ޳ǿһ㡣һҲֲ˭õ޳Ա˾飬ʱ˿̵õıһ鲢ǺͶѪָߵͣҪ޳֡
޳һֱڶűܸоڱϳϢȻֻһķѣȴһֱ޳ܹ֮ϸܵ˺ǿߵĲͬ
ǡ
޳ɫһ䣬¶˿ŵı飬·ղŸܵʲô˼һ㡣
Ҳܵ޳ľȣ۾ɵĿ޳һۣĿǰѾ޳һ֣޷ȡ޳롣
޳֮ԾΪ˱ͨǿ֮ʵҲûж𣬶޳Ϊ˵֮𲢲󣬽ǱһĹѡ
޳еȵˣ˽һʵǿ˵زϢֲͻնǱֱӵѹԼʮȴ޼£ɺǰΪԼƴƽ֡
뵽ˣ޳㲻ɵÿЦһ
ʲô֣
￪ڣһɲϴϢͬĸ£ﶼȻ޳ҲС
޳
޳֮Ц˵Ȼ㣬ҵĴ֮ҲһҵȴԥĸɱˣҲҪһ£
տ֪޳ͱ֮ìܣұʱ˿ͷôǿҪ޳ɱһ¡
ýֲķѾ⿪ˣ۾ϷһлĻͻ֡
Ȼڴʱб۾յģȴһ쳤Х۾֮һɫĳХΧΪһ壬֮ḻ̌ø
޶ţľԱ
ˣʲô˼˵֮ѾǧûнˣҪҪСֻ֮ǣ
һڱǶԱ˵ƣ޳Ŀ⣬˵ǰ£ǾǼҳһӵˣǲôġ
Ŀתߣ޳оϵѹȻʧɲ٣Ȼ޳ܵ˸ԼĴ֮ɫʱֱøѿ
޳ҸһλᣬҪӮǰˣҾʱ鲻ƽϣȻҪ˵Ļ˺Ĺϵɱ㣬Ҳᶯɱģ
ǳв
տϷõͲˣⳡսǾޱȣϲûеĵɫϾ޳֮ǰ˵ȵʱ۷ʵ벽ܣ޳Ҳӵа벽ΪͶԷԵȣӮⳡӦòһ£һǳɵ飡
޳֪ǣԼ޳ʱԽΪ޳СӴԼľȱԽԼѪߣ֮ȴ޾ǱܣһҲе˼顣
ߣȻܹ޳֮иܵһвԼȻСǿߵûʣоУûоûС
ʲôݣ
Ȳ˵޳ѾȵռϷ磬ûдﵽֵزҲ޳֡
ʽ
޳ϵĺսꪷһڿ˲һ޴ĺսꪣսڿͣͲûпȻսĺңҲ֪Ӧõ㵽Ϊֹ˴֮仹ǶԼʵһ̽⣬вԼĵˣûбҪ˺֡
ˣ
дվڿУ˫֮г֮ɫ·ڻ顣
Ӱӿг֣ʱ˿̵Ĳû֮ǰǸ߰ӣǳȵĿ޳֮󣬲̾һҲϣϣû뵽Ȼǿ֮жѪ
Ȼûпڣ֮ȴһ˿֮ɫƾһվͲٵ޳֣ڣڲǰǲֵġ
ͱ뿪֮޳оȫʧȥһ㣬֮ǰڵվڿУһǷ򣬴ӿ¡
޳
ոæɵ޳߽޳ֲҲγһƣдӿн
޳ǿ֧վڸҲѣ岢ûˣǰĻպֲ˵ǰǰʵ
ֲͷ˵ҲǲܣֻеΣգ


2265 ɷ
Σգ޳һ·ߵھʹûаȫΣն˵Ǽҳ㷹ѾϰΣ֮ǰԵֲ˵Σնֵʱ򣬲û˶еη壬ϸֳЦݡ
ȻΣգҸӦóһˣ˳˳ˮǶ˵һ˼ûУ
Щ޳˵ֻһϲ¶ЦΪ޳ԸӵʵЩ޷ԸĺûΪԸ޳ڶʱ֮ڴﵽ۷壬Ҳͬ޳һһϦ֮ʬ޴档
ճԥĿ޳˵޳Ҫúһ¡
޳֪ҲΪԼ룬ԼţȻĻǶ
ֲ˵ͷ޳̬ȣһֻҪ㹻ĳ徢ܻóɹ޳ȻӵƷʡ
۾˵鳾ʱˣҲϢ
Ҫڣ۾͵УĿһۣ˵ڸʲô
ίĿԼүү˵һֲʲô⣡
Ŀǰû֪ʸ֪ˣ⽫ĺ㻹ǿ뿪ɣѲҵĻˣ
пֲӣˣһƽʹ˵ֲ˵Ǻټ飬Ҳ˸ܵѹ˵ͷĽؿ޳һۣ޳˵ҿĽ
޳ҲϲĶ֣Ǳ˽䵽Լϵ£ҪӮоԲһɵ顣
ֲȷѾ뿪֮һԼ֪һж˵
ط֪ҲûмеҲ޼ط洫ɷ֮Ҷܲˡ
㶼ܲ㻹Ƽ޳ⲻ޳Ѱ·
ˣɷ֮˵ǵ壬Ȼ޳˵ȴ޾ĺô
޳һӣԼĺսꪼϵϢ˲ɢոܵϢ֮ʱɫ޳ϵЦݣ˵ˣ
ҲΪˣ޳ѾϢԣ˵޳ǿȣκϢҪ޳嶼ϼѣþ¡
ڽ֮Եĵȫ״̬ħħʱ֮Ϊ壬ǵҲ֪Щǳ˯״̬һȷǱʵͨ۷ǿĶࡣ
ʲô
ûһҾԲǧҪ̫룬Ե㹻ˣȻĻᷢʲôҲҸҿ϶һǳ£
̶ֲֳȵǿ߶ô˵ˣ޳ȻҪԴüͷһ壬ĵ˵ͷ˵İɣһʲôΣյģ
Ծս˵˯壬ֻܵŻѹֻҪһŪѣ˵Ͳ̫Σա
ֲɵУһҲҪȥĻգֹ˵㲻ȥص㵱ҾܹʱȻȥ
һ£¶ɫߺһ֮ͷת˹ȥԶľݷȥ
޳ǰһռֲͨռ֮ͨУ˳֮ԭɫձø谵·Լ֮ǰദĿռȫһ硣
˵ĵط
Ҫ룬ʣµ·ֻԼߣѾܴԱ߰ˡ
޳仰˵ͷмĿǰˣ˵ǰлл
ֲҲܵ޳ϢЦɫҲ޳˵޳һҪףûһ˻Ե޹ʰ㣬ôҲҵ˽ģҪһһ綼е𾪵ǿڵҵİ֮һ͵ζ㲻лңҪıԼʵȻעⱣԼİȫĻҾͰˣ
ָָ棬˵˳һֱɣŻһ·ͿԴﵽǸط֮Իصңڼһÿ춼㣬һͿֱ뿪
޳˵ͷûʲô˵ģֲѾﶼ˵ˣԼ˵лĻδҲ̫ˣɲԸ
ֲܵ޳Ϣ˵ͷ˲һռͨӺܿʧռ֮ͨС
һˣ޳ΧΧһֱɢĳǿ־塣޳ĶͷҲһ˿亹ΪʲôֲıԵҽأ
޳߷ȥֲĻûԽǳԽܸܵǿɷ֮ԶɫĻ֮У֮·һӣͺֻ߲Ǹ򣬶ܶУ޳ǰķҲš
޳ܹܵЩ֮ΣոУɾ޳ǶԺ߸е档
⵽ʲô
޳Լһ߷ȥɵ֮ȴȫ㲻
ΧĿռ俪ʼһѷ죬ȻڿʼһƬռͲȶˣҲѹֲôԶĵطֲͣȶĿռзУҪðżΣա
Ȼ޳ⶫ֮ŷЩ߶һ޴磬֮Կһһһ㣬Ϊ޳֮ľǳԶ޳ܽ䵱һߣȻǰͣʱȴ͵ط֣ͬ沢ûпǲɷ֮Ϣǿھ޳ܹܵһǿҪԼ˺һ㣬ûзǳӽѾָܣڿ֣ǡ
޳еżͲ֪ʱͻȻ˱仯һɴϺ͵ͨѹ֣޳иûа취أ޳Լʧȥ˶ĿƣɷϢ֮Ѿȫңȫ֪룬г˺ڡ
ǺǺԼ£Żᱻϡڶǲûʲôµģȴת֮ȫʧ˷ҪȥĻǾԲס
ǳǿһɷܹƻģľɷʴ֮Ҳľѣûж𺦣ҲõģҲ֪Լת˶೤ʱ䣬Ѿ˶Զľ룬ΨһļԼ֮ǰƺڳһĶԺҲǲҲֲԴ֮ǿѹ֮Ļþ
۾ǰΪӦֹâԵһƬڰ֮ΧһԿˡ


2266 ʳ
ǣ
޳ݵĻħ磬ȻħҲûȥڴǧ֮еħһ㶼ֲ
޳֮һʼ޷ΧľɫΪĹ߲ǰɫģǺɫģںɫĹ֮У޳ӦʲôӦ֮ȻҲܿ
Ӧһһľ޴󹬵һԾɵУڿѲ·
ǹĻӦӵرأֲҲ˵ˣһƬطԽԽǿȻĹǾӦӵΪǿԱڿȴʲô
˵߾ʲôӰ
޳ڲʶ⣬ԼȻѰߣʵ߳ʲôӶ֪ôѰҰ
ܸоЩ죬һһûУ֮ǰԼҲȫʧҪǣӦɷ֮صĵط޳ڿȴûκεĸܡ
ٴϷȥɵԽߣǹΣոбԽŨΪﵽʲôطòô
̤ھ֮ϣ޳·ˣ޷ȫòһԿ϶ǱһǷڿеģܹĿһ߹ǽں͵֮׵ľ롣
ڿеĹ˺ôĹ̾ǳ˭УΪʲôô
޳ףȴʶһγйء
֮ǰô£ȻаҲ޷빬֮аɣȴ׹ڵϣǾ˵ڹϿա
޳һ֮ϵĺëʱˣ𾪵ſУ׼ȥʱīĿ˲䱬һǿӿнͬһ޴硣
ⶫĳֱ˺ѿռǾ޴ĳҲ˸еĺ£޳ѾۿԼͷ£޳ȻѾǳǿֱӳǱɣ·ߵʱԼͷͻȻɢʵĹââγһ޴ķܣϿյסǵסˣһ˲ȴ˸еֻš
޳ûбֱӳɽǱӰ쵽ˣ޳ӻǴӿкݺݵˤȥһεϡ
һˤøݣΪԼ⿴ƷǳصĹûжʲô˺
ӵ
֪ԼΪʲôˣ۾ΧѲһȦֲûʲôɵĵطҪ뿪
ȻܹȻҲܹȥڿзУʱ֮ʹıԵ
ʹľ޴࣬Ҳ֪ǽҲͭĽƳɣĿ£
͵һԾҪ뿪ɵǽϷ֮ǰֵǹٴγ֣ͭǽһ㣬޳޷ͨ
ȻԽȥУԼֱӽǽ޳Լĺսꪼ޳һ޴Ӱǽǵˣ÷޳Ҫʲô׼ֱȫԸǣɵУۿǰͭǽ淢ΣҪ೤ʱܹͨʱǽϴһǿķ֮ⷴ£޳ֱӵɳȥͬһڵһ㣬ֱУڿٴκͷײ޳ݺݵˤڵϡ
޳ܲԸţʵѾˣӰûеĿռ֮Уϡ̶ȿ˵ǼûУ޳ٶȣҲȲһ򾳽ߣ
ﵽʲôط
޳ȻǾɥȴܾҲʲôĻһҲûа취뿪
Ǳһ޴󷨰ĻֻҪ󷨴ƣǶϿ󷨵ˡ
޳󷨲ǺܾͨɶҲһЩ󷨵ĴȫΪ˱ʹʹ֮һĳֶһֿǹӵĶ
޳ŻʹȥϴżϲɫȻʹǳ󣬿Ҫҵʹмȴѣҿ˵Ƿǳ򵥡
޳һȥڼԶ֮һ޴ķӣôԶľ붼ܹܵǸ֮ϴľ޴ѹֲַʥ޳ȫԿ϶ʹľǱߡ
޳Ǳ߷ȥԽԽӽ֮ŷʹֱ֮аȻǳʥرǽӽط֮ʥĸоǿң֮ǰ棬˵ʵ޳ľ޴֮еϢǰڴǧĻʹסǻʹѾǷǳ޴Ĵڣ䣬ԱȵǧĻʹ֮ΨһһƯڿеһ޴Ķ¯ⶦ¯·ȻѾ¾ɵȥ޹⣬޷סⶦ¯Ϣ
ֻض
˲޳Ժ֮УڴǧʱҶ˵֮һһֻضⶫ֮޳Դֵĵһ뷨ⶫֻض
ֻص޳޼ʥ͵ıһŵҩȻ˳Ϊǿߣ⻹ľֻصĵҩǰĶ¯ƶɡ
ֻضļֵ޳޷˱޳ôܹģܿһۣΧû֮Ѹٷɵֻضǰ棬ָֻضϵһ£¡һֻضһһ˿âɫĹâֻض֮ϳ֣Χһж
Щڻ
޳Ѹٽڻɨһ飬Ȼʲô뷨ûУҲûڻϻĵɶȴܹܵڱڻ֮ǿѹѹڵһĶ컯ʱΨһͬǷ컯˺ûУȻûпЩڻЩڻȫӡԺ֮С
ֻ
޳ջʱ򣬸ղһжѾʧǰֻضҲʧˡ
Ȼһ޴ĺһӿƯڿеĻʹ˲룬ûд޳Ͻǽ޳ɶѣǿ屣֮£ûܵκε˺
Լ˫֣ղȷȷʵʵܵԼѾֻضˣɵѹ֮еһȫʧֻضҲʧǸʹҲڵϵһƬ
޳һ֮УҪֻ֪ضǲѾԼ֮УڸղŽӴһ˲䡣ôоֻضȫʧһ㣬֮иûвֻض
޳¶һ˿ЦԼ֮ǰ˷ˡҲãȻûеõֻضȴɹѾһֵҵˡ


2267 ҳ
СҪҪʹү棡
һȺδ󺺳ŷǰһ¶ɫеӣŷǵǰһСһ㣬ûа㷴
Щ˶ǿߣŷһûУЩ˶裬ŷҧҧһâǰЩ˵ҸһᣬϽ뿪ݹ飡
ӻ飬ھһˣ鲻νһҵģ
˵仰֮һɫĹ߳ǰ۾֮˲÷ǳȣһϵһ޴ĴӣŽߣӴ˾޴ŷУֵһᣬһնȥⳤǸ޴Ĵ֮ϵĽһȴûпŷ֣ŷӡ
һ£ŷɫѿ
Ȼûнɱ
ŷ￴Լ˫֣֮гʧ֮ɫ
һǿߣȴһͨǿ߶ɱȥ֮һһЦһȫΪԼ׸磬ŷ
ʱ˿̣ŷڷ֮УϢżƵˣ˵û뵽үȻҰ
·Ǹңʱ˿̵ʵѾﵽ۷Ķ壬ƺʱԴﵽ񾳽磬ŷǿǸ⾴ηģȴǰұֳһĹ̶ȣȻΪҵΪ
ʦ⿴أ鿴
Ŷŷ¶ȵɫ΢΢̧ߵԵǳţ˵֮λ
ҹЦ˵ʦ˵Ļڣͳ㣬Ҫʲô֧־ܸ˵Ȼܵ࣬ڻ¡
ҵݾԲ޼ʥμҵү˵޼ʥصμˣ޼ʥصͳҲ޷˵˴Ļ磬ǿߵ磬ڵӾԲ˵˵
ŷҵ̬ȸ֤һ㣡
˵һ޳˶𣿡
û
ŷŵŵĿһۣϵŭ֮΢һΪҺ޳֮Ĺϵأ֪ô˵Լ޳֮ìܣȴû뵽޳֮Ĺϵã⵹Ǳˡ
޳Ϣ𣿡
ûУ޳֮Ҳûм
仰ϳһ˿ʧ֮ɫ˵ŷ޳֣ѯʵ޳֣ΪѾ̶ֳˣ
۷壬Ϊܴһξ롣
Ҳܵŷᵽ޳֮΢ƵżЦؿŷ˵޳ǲҲ鷳ˣ
ŷûһ˿һһʮ˵޳ŷִǳ֮г֮ϸֳһ˿Ц˵Ȼ޳ŮԵôãڴǧѾҲͬħһȴò絽Ƿǣǹģ
Ҳ
ҵ˵ͷһ۳ŷ˵ҲͬһжΪ޳
޳ѽͷ֮ޡŷһϵϢͷųȴֿ֣˿ǳϲľٶڶԼһ㡣
ҪתƿͻȻһؼ⣬ǰŷѯʵǲǺ޳һ𣿡
⵹ûУʲôطҲ֪Ѿȥˣò˶೤ʱͿҵҹѲøȤ
޳۹һ㶼ȻܹãǱ˵õĵط˵ģҵмָȤ
⣡
ŷ¶˿ΪѵͻȻתͷŷ˵ô
ŷһ𣬸æҡҡͷ˵ûֻүҪСһ㣬ҲһǿߣʵСҪֵĻ֮ҵŷʱ˿̻ҶҩЧ֮Уϸûκʵʱһʵָ޳һȺ˻غϣҪ־һжˡ
ߣҿûһж˵ھԼҪ飬ȻӦ֮λҲʧܱսĻǾ;⣬νĴʱȴӦǵ㳼֮ٽһĴ
ǡ
ŷǱߵȲҪܣ齻ţ𣿡
ף

ǣʵûаΪ
Ǹ󺺳ױŷŭˣҲŷʵɵ˵Сһ㣬򵥣֮£ǧҪսҲҪ֣𣿡
Щ˵֮Щɫ棬Ȼŷ֮ǰһȺ첻ͬЩ˸ŵӻӡ
ŷɫѿΪ֪ԼҪһս֮ˣ
ڲԶҾؿһУŷﴦһ˵һɱҲˣ֮¶֮ɫȴûгֵĴ㣬ŷûа취һȺǾ͸ûбļֵ
Ӳˣ
Щ˽ųŷ߳ŷﲢûаĽ֮ɫ¶һ˿Ц
Χ¶˲ߣŷһɫ˵ı־ϵĳһγЩǰ
Ǹ󺺿ŷı־֮ɫøѿ˵ǻ˼ˡŷ
ŷĵ˵ͷ촽˵еʶϧûлȥˡ
͵һӣ޴˲ͷųŷǰǧ֮ڣѾһƬ𺣣ŷﲢû˶֣ͣתͷΧˣӿƶЩ˵УŷԼǰȴֻһŷｫԼ֮С
һ˲䣬ֵѪ֮ȻЩûнŷһ棬ϵĳֱӳҵȥĳȴͣҵǰڵҵĻ޷ƿ
ջ˵۷ߣ˭ģ
ЦЦĽǰĳ˵ûֻ뿴һ´˵еŷ﾿ʲôӣһ鴫ңڴǧ磬Ӧô޳˵ҡ


2268 ɫαװ
Դǧ绹ʶ޳
ŷؿǰңʵȻѾˣɼľԼǰҲû˵ѣϾ֪޳ݵ֮٣ȻǶ޳˽⡣
ú޳֮ĹϵȽ⣡Цһ£˵㶮ã
ǣ

ŷ޳ʮʱ䣬ʮ֮޳ǧٸһЩ޳Ů֪һһ˪ȴû޳
ҿŷ֮ϸֳ˿ŭ⣬ǰŷ˵Ѳ޳ûи߹飡
ЩŭҲǼװģˣΨһĺƷǱǶԼø簮Ϊɱ޳ɼеҪԡ޳һƬģ޳ȴûἰܻ
޳һ쵰һһĶȴᶼᣬôô
⡭޳ǹģ
ŷҲȫŪף޳˵˿޳һ쵰޳ĲͬԾı޳˵˺û
Ҳϲ޳
ôܣ
ŷ붼û͸æ˵üתƿʵô
˶٣ɻʵ޳йϵ𣿡
ûʲôϵֻģ˵иطӡźͬʱֵһǿ塪塣û˵Ĵڣ
ûУ
ðɣҾҲֻѣ˵֮ų˯֮أЩ߶۷徳ΪԽ룬ΪԽǿԼʵʲˣѾһεʱˣĴڽһ˵ѡ
ŷķӡ֮֮۾֮һâ֪㣬ȻѾﵽ񾳽磬ɶȫƿأҿе֮
ˣһֵҩڽ⿪ϵĪĺôܹ⿪ǰϵĶǰܹҴķӡ֮𣿡
ǲ֪ط𣿡
ϸֳһ˿Цݣӻͳһŵͼŵͼأһ˵һۿĻһ浽׻ʲôŷﻹûдﵽ۷ľ磬ҲĶѾﵽ񾳽磬ڿռܹһЩ
ǣ
ŷ￴ⶫ֮ɫøѿ򵥵һͼƬȴиܵӴĿռ֮ǿԲһǿܷƳģŵͼϣ˵ܰһָĻұܹȥ
ϸֳһ˿ЦݣӻͳһСƿӣСƿó˲䣬ǿҩЧ˲ɢŷһᣬɫʱø⾪ȣҩԵǿ󲻽Իָҿøǿ
ôĵҩ
ĵҩûʲôÿϧģ˵ã͵Һǰļɣ
һֱŵЦݣԴӲ޳֮Ҳ˶ʶ޳Եʣһŷһȴɵҵļơ
ŷｫŵҩ֮ǿҩЧ˲ɢŷϢڽʵǣһֱ񾳽ͣϸĸԼ֮еΪǰδеǿﵽ񾳽ֻʮʱ䣬ȴ֮ȶô̵ʱʹ񾳽ȶǼ亱ġ
ѾЧȻҡ
ŷǰҪϢĻǣǰǸط֮ǰһҪתһ£òȻҪ˽һ£ҿǰ츳µʱ֮ọ̈̄Ұ֮
ŷ˵ͷҪ뿪æǰ˵ߣǧҪҵٸ¶ʲôԭ㵽ͻ֪ģҪǱ¶ĻҲŶĶ飬ұɱɡ
ҵ˵ͷϴһЦ⣬˵޳֮¼˶֪ˣȻ㲻֪٣Ȼ˭ߣһ㾡ܷľǣ
ŷ˵Լ޳֮֮϶ʱһߺ֮ɫΪԼû˿ȴû뵽ʱ˿̵תͷŷһ˲䣬ŷһ̬΢΢ͣĵ˵޳޳ΪʲôϵĺöУڴǧӵһУҪӱ
ֱһӣͻȻĸռͨĸ񾳽ǿߴӿռ֮ͨ߳ϹϾ˵ӡ
һر˼壡
ǣӣ
ǰһ޴Ŀռ̤ͨУĸǿ߽Ǵﵽ߶˵ǿߣ˾Ľһ磬ЩȴĸԸĳΪҵ£ûа㲻˼
ŷںһȺ飬ͻȻܵ־޴Ŀռ䲨Щͣһ£һĿУſеңϴЦ˵ҹӣǲѾҵˡ
ҸʮʱʵҸ쵤αĻᡣ
ŷ仰ϸֳЦݣ˵˼ǿȥɱ޳
ŷ仰˵֮ͻȻֳЦݣŷļ˵δȻ۷緶ҲôģǲὫ޳ɱģҪϵȫΪȻĿ磬ܾĥĿһ
ŷ仰֮ϸֳεɫ˵ǲף޳ӦñһֱӶϾ󻼵Ļ
һбŷһۣ˵ͲҪˣ֮޳һҪֻһǱǰҵ޳ڣҶһЩŮ͵ҵסδ֮ǲܽŮɫˣʮҪú÷йһ¡
ǣ
ŷ𿴼ߵң֮һ˿֮ɫûʲôٶתʧԼ̸еĵط
ոѾõϢǰȥ֮żµʱ䣬⼸µʱ֮ڵ㹻ǽȰǸɵˡ
һ˵֮Լһռͨһ磬ʱʧ֮СٴγֵĵطһСǸովһսһ㣬˶ѾˣЩȥ˶һϽʰ뿪·ڶܶħһ㣬һĻǵûȣǴżЦ⡣
ˡ


2269 ˭
ˡ
ŷһϤӱŤͷһŷվŷﱻһ
ŷ￴ŷ֮ɫʱرѿŷ˵ôҵҵģ
ãҵ֮ͬѪǱ˴֮໥ӦģҲӦ֪һɣ
˵仰֮ߵŷǰȻΣ֮Ҳһʱ㣬һ·ΣȫԼˣҵãȫΪϣҲǿʵ
ҴڿʼãҲŷˣĻںҵҲͲʱ֣Ӳֶҩҡ
õıȽϹˣҲҪ㣬ֻǸһССĳͷѡ޳ʲôӦǱ˼ˣŷҵˣôһ𣡡
ŷ˵仰֮ŷвļӿ֣⻹ŷһνԼĸ飬һֱΪŷһֱԼʵԼһ㶼ģںֻԼʵ
ŷŷϢı仯ǲֳһ˿ЦݡЦݲ޽թУŷﲢܴвʲôߡ
ŷｫԼһ£ȻŷıֳԤϣȴܹܵŷôԼǰŷ˵һΪʲôңȻܹܵҵλãȻҲܹܵҵʵѾָ˰ɣ
ŷ˵ͷ˵ǵȻһ֪˭㽫ʵָģ
ŷ仰ʱɫҵӡ󻹲ɲҺŷ֮䳶ʲôϵ
Ӧ֪ʵ֮ô죬֮ǰﵽ񾳽ΪõʦָɣǰҲ뿪翴ѰҰ֡Ҿİ֣⣬ʦ޷ʦͽ֮ԴӦΪͼ
˵Ҫ֮λ
֮λҵģһ˭ı䲻ˡҲҵ֮λҲһܶѣҿɲϣ
Ҫɱ
ŷ¶һ˿Цݣ˵Ҵãҵ뷨һ¾ܲµ
ŷҡҡͷϵϢŷܵǿϢ֮ɫʱøѿŷ˵û뵽ʵôǿˣҲѹһȤ
ŷûкŷﶯֵĴ㣬ŷｫϢͷų֮ûб仯ϵһ㶼û¶ȻгŷﲻҶ֡
㡭ô
Ϊ˽˭Ǹ޳ˣң
ŷŷ˵ҲΪԼˣҿԶǻ˼ˡҵ飬ϣӦҲãӦҲգֻҪܽþУɱҵģһô
˵֮ٴδ򿪿ռͨ뿪ʮʱ֮Ҳûֹ
ʮ֮
ŷΪѾ׹̣ﾲصȴţһεɱ֮ѾһƬǣ֮û˳
֮ǰĻڵĴһоûУڲͬʱʱеһĨ¶֮г˼˼ŷ˼޳ԼҲֲ
ɾʱ򣬴ԶһǿϢڸܹܵϢǿҪԶԶͨ۷ǿߣȵԼҪǿ󼸷֡ܵϢֻһˣŷ˵һֱǿ߱ĻǿϢôأҲܶϢ̽顣
ûиеһߵĲԶŷĻɣȫȫǰҡ
ŷǰõˣ
ûУҲǸոûмѣǴӾһ·ɹ𣿡
ȻŷǰΪʲôôʣ
ŷ¶һ˿Ц˵ûûʲô
Һȫһ㣬ŷ˵ʱҰ̽һ޳ϢȴһϢûУҲû뵽ͺȫʧһ㣬ѲǻصĿˣ
ŷ仰ɫøѿҹĵѯŷŷȴҡҡͷ˵õңû£
ŷ֪ԼܽϢ棬޳ʲôѣ˵޳֪ԼڵλúʹȻǹ˼Լ
ŷ֪һжǽڣ޳ֻҪԼ۴ﶼϹûС
ŷǰǿ뿪𣿡
㽫ŵͼҡ
ŷ۾ظƳ꣬ȻͻȻ۾һǿϢһ޴ĿռͨŷﱳγɣԼһԼУڷ㶣æ˵ŸʲôϿ

ҴӦһ˲ŷߣ֮󣬱޳֮ǰֹһƬߵĵط
ǣ
Ҽֱţŷ￴ǰЩҲĿɿڴֻɷ߶޷οͨأ
˵֮أ
Ӿƺûп˵֮е壬ӦûҪǰ߰ɣ
һ˵ϾҲûʦעߵ飬һжȻ֮󣬲ŸܵвȻҲ˻һֿԼ޳Ļ
ŷ˵ͷȻлھŷĻҵĻ֮䵽˭ȷģ˭˵ѡ˽ŷڵŷ˵ʱ򣬲˵ѣѾŷô꣬˵ѵʱʲôӶֱ治δҲ̫Ц˰ɣ
֮󣬸ܹܵԸܵԼܵĳввǿĻʡ
˳ǰɣ͵޳һǰһȺ磬ƺܴԶԶرܹܵļ¡
ҪҪȥһ£
ҡҡͷ˵֮ǰʦѾ߹ңﵽΣգһСĵĻͻԼٲ֮أǿҲǽ֮ӦҪӱСġ
ŷа˼ȻǿﶼΣգΪʲôϢһɵɷ֮һܵٵ˺ҳ˸տʼе֮⣬ʱǵûпԼӴϢԼϢ׽ͺǳһ㣬ԷͬѰǳ죬ȴҲ֤ʲô⡣


2270 ż޳
˷ٵĳǰȥΪҵ֮Ϳˣ˭뵽ǿ֮ЩĿĹȴһɱˣȥֱһƬʬĺ󣬸˸еļµǣЩʬϵѪҺûʸɾǸá
ôᣬѲǰ
Ҳ˵ⲻӦðҲЩʬ
ŷҲˣ֮˸׺ݣǿĹȻֱָ˺ѣһһ˲顣
еؼױƿеֱʬ׷룬һַǳƣ໥Էɱ
ʲôֻ֤һ飬ǱǰǵǸ˵ǿ
һƬѾʬĺ󣬶һܵһϢŷԶ϶һǿΪǿߣҲûнôǿǿߡԺ֮иֳһӰа̾޳ﵽ񾳽ĻӦܹﵽ̶ֳȰɣ
ԼĳʬһΪֱܹʬ鿪ģȴû뵽Լһ滮һɫĺۼ
ôܣ
ŷ˵һҸһתͷŷﾪȵɫٿŷʬ棬ʱ׷ʲô顣
ϿʼɫĹâɢľ޴ŷ¶죬⻹ҵһǰ¶Ŀǿߣ˶߸֪
Ϊ޳ӵôǿڸĿ֮ҲҲڶףԭһֱԼСҵ޳ȣӦò޳֮¡
ɾһȭȥҲǽķžžžĶ죬Ҳûн飬ûֱӽ͸
û뵽ⶫǿǸ˵ʵӦ֮ϰɣ
ŷﻺؽ仰˵Ȼ˵˲䣬ҵϳһ˿õɫ
˵޷ڰǸˣ
ŷｫ˵ԣ˵ͷ˵ڿӦˣҲǸ˽ǿͲˡ
ü˵˻üֵ˳˹;ܲҵˣһܱȶһ˺ã˵ǰɣ
ŷͬ˵ȴ޳Լ˻˽֮ǰóȻǰȥѰֻԼһҪͻȻԼ˳ֻ֣߶Էһˡ
ŷȻĿģɶľӦô
һȻ˵а취ˣɣ
˵˳һ·ѰȥܲҵǸˣȷǸ˶ǲûй֮棬Σ
֮˼һᣬŷ˵ǵҲһӦң
ʲô飿
㷢Ǹ֮󣬵һʱ֪ͨңҴӰ֧Ԯ
ŷ˵ͷʵȴҵΪܹս֮иԼʲô
ðɣ
ŷｫժ֮ĳ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰǸӣԼһ˵Ƚʰһ˵
ڵҲ֪ԼһΪԼĵıˣıˡ
ȻǷϵߣɷеٶȲһʱʱ䣬һƬʬıԵ·˺ܶණսǷΪ׶εġ
һ׶ҲһƬֱӳֿȭϵãһֱ㿪ʼʹɵƻԱøǿһʬ嶼ҲȻһ㣬㿪ʼʹǿݣ嶼֧飬Ҳ̶áһ㿪ʼʹ似ˡ
еĵطһƬ𺣣еĵطش̽ϵֱӶеĵطȫ⣬ȫиȫһߵΪϾϳ޳֮˭ôȻ뵽޳֣ɫ˲ѿղĺۼǷǺսµĲк
ŷɫʱѿ˵֮гŵɫ޳ôôɳ
Ϊ֤Լе뷨ӿٶȳǱ߸ȥûзжñڲԶһ޴ıըһ׵˾һ߳Ŵµľ޺𣬵ͷ·Ҫռ˺ѡ
ŷĸİϢڳ߷ȴδܵ޳ϢеʱͻȻ޳Դ֮ϵϢ޷̽⵽ˣ֮ǰô޳Լ޳ôŭɵҪٴο޳ʱЩŭȴʧܶࡣ
ҲֲԼɵ¶һ˿Ца̾Ȼ޷޳֣ǾЩúõؽ޳ʰһ٣첻֮ٳ֡
Ȼ޷ܵ޳ϢΪȴܹܵõԷǿÿһϢǽӽǿߣ֪޳Ȼȴһ˴ôǿߡ
ԼУԼϢ·Թ˲Ͼ޳Ҫϼѡ
֮޳ڳǰʱ˿̵޳ǳǱϵ·Ѿһˡ·Ѿȫ˺ɫǱߵѪȾӵģ˸е۾˫۾Ѿȫ˺ɫһɫƣǺսҲ¶һ㺮âѣ㺮âȴѾˡ
ŷͻȻһ飬ʬ壬ѲЩʬȫ޳һɱģ
ôʱɱ¾Ҳѹ޳ӣиϵȵͬʱҲӺ޳ʱ˿̵ʵǿ޳Ӿܹܵ޴ʵʲô̶ֻ޳ս֮ܲ޳ӣɵ¶һ˿Ц޳òҪЩŭ뿪ɣ
޳Ҳûʲô취ϾЩÿһʵôǿ޳һһĶԸЩᣬȴĸ׷޳
͵Ϊ޳֮û취֮޳ȴͻȻͣϵĺսһ˦ЦĸúÿһУ˶ҪɱңǵĽӦÿ˰ɣ
ŷɫһȻ̾޳Ȼܣǹ⽫ЩΪʲôأ
޳ֱԺЩߣѲЩҲ˵
ŷһοЩʬʱȫûнϵһ㡣
û뵽ߵǻ۾Ȼ֮ߣɢľ񲨶ȫûʲô෴ǿǻռȻơ


2271 ս
ŷȻ岢˽⣬ɵƾǰЩ֤ߵʵȵ޳֮ϣ޳ѡԿⲻֱ
޳ȻԼİţЩ˴Ҳԭġ
Щ֮˿Χĳһ¶ɫĵǿϢ˲ɢŨսҪŷ֮ǿöࡣ
Ͼ˵·ǽٸԱ޳ʱ޳ɱȥĻһֻ»̸
⡭ô£һ˽߶
һӣ屻ӡѾصʱ⣬ʱ֮УȻȫӡˣҲôͣǴδӹһ㡣
ߺһȺ֮ǿģɾΪǿҲ⼸٣һӵϾͿɽսȴߵ˶ֹ˵ȲҪ֣˾ͽԸ
޳»޳ĿȻһ̡һ˲ŷ﷢޳ʵǿˣҲ֮ǰᶨĶ࣬ߵɱ֮أڳ˿Ѿʧǣ޳ȴͷΪӪ
ò˵޳Щ˸뿪ȷһ⣬ɵƾ޳ôܹԸһ
ŷ֪޳򲻹֮ǰԼ޳Ҳ׿ڳϹ߿Ҫ֮ǰԼǿöࡣ
ŷͨ޳ıѾԲѰ·ٶԭ
Ѳսʤ
Ȼʱ仹һ£ŷԼʵ֮࣬ο츳˸еʵ޳ˡ
ԾŷҲ׵Ļ޳ʵֻоؿ·ս
һ޳ϵĺЩƣŷ֪֮ǲͬġ
ɺӦñʹõͬҲҰɷĸԴں֮ϣһУһһϣɿĸоǳһ㡣
ȻӦ֣ס֮˶ˣǱɱ֮ж˼侲޳Ҳ˶˼Σա
Ҳһʮ꣬ò˵һǱ൱ľ޴ӵ޷츳֮һ
޳仰ɵЦһ£˵ǶЩǰ佱
㲻ӦһǰѰ·ӦɱߣΪԼ뿪ͿԶһУˣԱϾҪֻѣʱԻǿߵ׷ɱ֮С
ҼȻѾ֣ȻǸʱˡ
޳仰ɵиеԾȣѾǵһ仰ˣ߷·ÿһ˶֪Լ¸Ҹʱڲ֮
ܶѵһ˲仹޳ΪԼߣ޳ǰٰ㹧ֱǷ޳ʵһ֮󣬲Ż޳¶֣еķҲһֱ޳еȣϾ޳Ȼɱ˺ܶߣȴһ˿ֻţһʵǿ󣬾ʵһҲ۷ϣӵе廹ÿ˻ԼרǰϵĴ󵶣ֻҪ߲Ͳܱƻ
֮޳ȺһｻֵʱԽԽЩһǿ󣬶ǵҲһ㣬ÿԱ֪Լӳ˯ѣǿеֻغЩ˵ֻƺͬһ
޳һˣȴԸ⿴ЩԼ֮ͬΪ֪ЩһɱֶΡûа֮ģҶ޶ĺ⣬ЩһһȺηŰߣɱ¾ߡ
޳ȴûжٽţΪ֪Լǰ⼸ɱ
δҲ̫˰ɣѵЩʬһҵϣΪԼܴùң
ҪҺЩᲢۣҵʵҪЩǿöࡣ
û
ģһһ׵ģ
˵仰֮ϵϢ֮ͬˮ㳲޳վڵ϶վȣһƬƬѿ·Ǹܲ˾޴޳ɫ΢䣬ȻܲԸϣɵȷС˵ʵ
߱ħ
һ˲䣬ǰγһ޴ϣ޳Ĺȫ֮ϣͬһǽ棬޳ĹȫסȻȴ޳ĹסͬʱҲܵһǿ·Ҫ޳ȥһ㡣
޳֮ǰʶ߱ħз·˶ᣬһΪĹȻΪĹѾԳеϵȹԵŷ￴һĻ֮Ҫྪжྪȣͬʱ޳ĵġ
޳ҪùˣȹһҾͳְɣ
ȻѾҪ޳˼Ҳǹһᣬ¶һ˿ЦݣžԵѹƣܹ޳ԱԲһ׵飬͵ĴϿտţûдھͳ֡
޳ԣڻҪ˵ĳְ
֮󣡡
֮ǿɲᱻһĹգǳɫһһı⣬ǵ޳취Ըǳһ㣬ֻ޳һβûñըԼйһӿٶȳǸԱȥ
޳
ŷ￴޳ľٶ֮۾֮г˲ɫȻ޳ʶ֮ٹ飬ԼȥѰ⻹ŷһοŷҲ֪޳Ϊʲôôһǿߡ
Ѳ֮
ŷһ˸似ȫ˽⣬޳ͬ
ȷˣһ˾ǿ֮еҲ׶֣᲻ҪĳǸ֮С
ô£⵽ô£
޳ͻ潻һǾ޴Բ֮Уܹܵ޳սŷʱʧȥ˹޳һϢͺһ˲ʧռ֮С
Ȼ֮Ǿ޴Բ̺Ȼѣ޴ĳںɫ·мѪ⡣
ŷһ֪Ӧôźãʱ·ȴһŭ
ôܣôܣ
ǸԱǰ棬޳ߴԵмС޳СһȭϣȴͻȻɳȥڿзȦȻϣ汻ҳһӣӵȣŷҲ޷жϡ
һĻŷ˵ͬ漣һ㣬ûдﵽ񾳽Ļ͵ƾŸղŵһ޳ǰ·ˡ޳ǿ󣬽֮Ѹ֮ǰѾ׼ڿԼС޳ˣԶñ˸еȡ


2272 սꪵ
Ȼ͵ŷΪ޳Ӧǰ֮ʱͻȻ֮䣬ռ俪ʼ·ʲôҪһ㡣
ôѹ
ŷɫһ䣬ܹܵһһɾԼ޷λߵѹ
޳Ҳɫʱ۷ԱսȻһΨһһеΣոеˡ޳ܵΣգ˵ķǳΣգ޳ԼĺսУԥʹÿʽº
޳ǳȷķӦҪŷϺܶ࣬ŷﾪ˵ʵ֮ʱ޳Ѿʼ׼ˡ
ŷ￴޳һӣⳡսǶôѣ޳һȡյʤ
սꪴӿ£һԿԽ߸˽ᣬɵȥ֮󣬴ӶҲǿϢϢǿҪ޳ǿĶ࣬һ˲䣬޳㵯ɳȥǽ޳޳ɳȥĶγһߣֱС
ħ٣
ڿһײڿеŷңԶ֮Уһ޴ͭű򿪣ͭŴ򿪵˲䣬޴ϢһӰӿнݺݵˤڵϣűǴ
ʲô
˷ħ屻ϣﳤõǺЩƣΨһĲͬһﻹһ˫ϵϢ£һǵĹ
ʱ޳ҲˣǿȻһȥʹóôǿʽһôûС
޳ǰ׸ߵĹг𾪵ɫ֣֪һ㡣
ԭʮħʮĴڣһΪⶼأ
ȻҲ֪ôֳµӣĵĻҵǿԡ
ģ𣿡
޳һЦ·һЦЦζʮ㡣
ŷ￴޳߰ӣвһʲôʱ˻ڰڼӣҪһƿҵԲףħȻһʵȴﵽ벽ĵزŷħı֮ôǿҲҪĶࡣ
ô޴Σգ޳ȴη壬ϵ濴ӲǹΪ֮ǱӵУɱ¾֮УԼʵţԼƿѾﵽ˳ǵز
޳ɱģ߲ǰͬϵһȺˣͻȻ޳ǵͷôܣⲢ޳ľǿ޳Ϊһǿߵ
Ѿ֪޳̬ȣһϵĺɫٴɢǱֻһħͻȻӶһ£һµʱռԵĲһ޴Ŀռѷ֣һСľͻᱻռѷɡ
ŷǿ˵ûʲôɶ޳˵һռѷ֮оŷǿҲѽ޳ȳ
һ֮ǿ˹ҪĶŷϸֳ֮ɫĶֻᷢʲô顣
ħҲ·ͭһ㣬۾򿪵ʱ򣬿з֨֨µ졣
ˣ˽ͷųˣ
һϵһ仰·˾Ĺ£׺ɣһǿߵŷǿ߶ܵȾɼʵһڵŷ֮ϡ
޳ûʹֶħ񣬶ֱվħǰһм˵ħұΪħʵôǿأڿҲˡ
ŷ޳仰϶ʱֳЦ޳԰ѾԳ֮ΪԸˣħǿȴһΪȻӡ
޳˵仰֮ħҲ޳֮гƽ·ʹﵽ˳費ĵزȻ޳֮ȴͻȻıɫ˵꣬ŵǺսꪣ
޳һ£սǴӴǧõģ˯ôħ֪ġ
ֻϧӵ˺սҲսꪵʽսĶ󴴽֮һֻϲܷӳ
仰һ˵ŷ޳ɫˣ޳ŵ˵˵ս屦һ˵ʮҵأ
ʮȷǺսʼӵߵˣȴģ
޳͸оսȴû뵽йأսꪽסȻûзֵ˼
ħûһ˿һľȣſһ޳δԴħĿ
һ˲䣬սһ£޳У޳ôܸܲ
޳ɫһ˲÷ǳѿսҵĸս޳İںս֮лӡ˵ʲôúս뿪Լ
ħҡҡͷ˵㷴Ҳ޼£սꪲ࣬ӵҲܷӳʵ˷ѣսĻҿЩŹһΡ
ҽսꪷôܣ˵Ȼ֪ʲôɺսһ㷴ӦûУⲻ˵սꪲУ
ûӦôܣ
ħ¶֮ɫ
⻹һҲ˵ˣ
ʲô飿
˭˵Ͳʹúսꪣ
޳˵仰֮޳һ޴ĻӰӰ֮ħɫǳѿ˵ôܣôܣ
޳ħϵľ֮ɫǵЦЦ˵ܣ޳ǰûʲôǲܵģ
޳ĻӰʧ޳˵ʵӺüһȫӣħ޳øӾȣڿΪ˵Ķһ㡣
ڶ嶼ɹˣ
ħ޳ʹúսꪣȻսܹ֮޳ʹãΪϿ޳սꪱ嶼Ͽ޳ˣôΪ仰Ҫսꪸ
޳˵û뵽Ȼܹܵ˺սϵɷһܵõսꪵϿɣҲѹֺսҪҸٻܹΣʵҲԶˣȫԽɱȻ󽫺սȡ֮սһ֮
޳仰֮¶һ˿Цݣħв˿ûзϣ˵ô֪Ҿʽأ
ħɫһ䣬ʲô
ŷҲɫ֪޳⼸е֮󣬵޳ʵ֮࣬˾޴ʽʹóﵽεȿµĵز


2273 ʽ
ܣһôܻὫʽɹʽ෴ĻֻһǱԼᱬ
޳仰֮ʱһʵĹһսǿҲڶ̶ʮʱ֮ɱôˡ
һжʹóʽĽʹóһҲͶ·ɵĽһʹó֮ɫȴ÷ǳѿ
ΪóȻʹóʽѰ·
֮ӳս޳
ħ񿴼޳ɫ֮֮ǰ޳һʹó֮ȴòš
֮ɫһݣ˵ҽ˸ɱȻٴźսȥһȫλãȫ֮ǰҪ
֮ȫסˣû뵽һоȻҲȫ벻ʮħ֮һǿ߾ȻᱻһѹơħٻģȻܹܵħĿֻţڸϢĳ֮£ȫš
ħ
нʢһӲӵĹӳڿУȻδöȴ˵۾Ǳȥһɽ˲䳯޳վλȥ޳Ķ죬ûбУҲɫղܵԼҪǱղŵĹâеĻһܵصơ
ǰЩˣ˵Ǳʹóʽ
ûܹܵסһĳҾͲܹܵסڶΣεĳ
ߣҲ̫СˣҸ㣬ֻҵ㹻öٴξöٴΣȴûлῴˡ
޳˵仰֮ͬӿгֵĳȻɫĻȻ֮ǽγûһ֮ȴ˲𣬾޴˲ɢ˶ƶ֣еŷҲһ
ŷһǿߣȴ޷չ޳ȴԣյı˳Ķֻ࣬ҪԸ⣬ʱضʹóһ㡣
ȴףȻ޳ǿΪʲôսǽ
ոʱͻȻܵһ䣬ڸղĵطһ׺ͣŷη壬Դ֮иܵһи߱ɱ̰ɫ
ЩڵոȾøڣȫһâʶ޷͸ȥ
Щȫ޳֮ȥͬ޳һ޴Ķ¯ЩҪѰһ
ƶôܴǱӦ˳Ӧ壬ڽǵֻ֮Զܻȥ
ħڿУȻھ޳ɴһ˵޳һĻóɹηһе
ŷﱾҪֹħĻ֮ȴۣͣħ޳Ӧţ޳ԲһߣҲһ߹ȥ޶޳
޳ȫƮڿУʱ˿ûаȴû˸ǰϾһ˵Щˣ㷽Բ֮һж˲ʧŷҲûڿоܹ֤Լİȫ
޳ĺԽԽسأϳһɫħƣɫħƺͺս֮ϵĺɫħ໥Ӧͬʱ˸âȴԤ޳Ѿɹˣ޳ӵΣա
Ϊʱ˿עһң޳ѾڱıԵôȥ޳һܲ˵ġ
ŷʱ˿ٳֹѾˣıʲô鶼شһԿ޳вϵš
ֹܹͣ޳һٶֻԼȻͣħƾǿƤһ㣬ǿ־޴ıȻﵽ״̬֮ǲΣա
ڿлصħЦ·Ѿ޳Ľ֣ʵ޳ȴû˶ֹͣǴӿзһͳŭ
ŭʱΧ˲ݣ޳µһƬطһǧףһֱ
˾޴ƻƾȻһɵġ
ŷ㲻޳Ȼ޳Ѿ֪ԼＫˣΪʲôҪҧ֣ⲻֿ
Ӧ˵Ѱ·ʣѾҼˡ
ӴѾ֮޳֮Уźɫ޷ոɾͷųһ㣬ŷɫһ䣬Ȼľ󣬿ղŷѵ֮ħЦٴγ֣һǳ׵ķˡ
Ͳɹģ޳ȷܼ֣ȴûʲôô
ɾħ˵仰֮޳ǱٴγֱʣһɫĹν޳ưɢĵâһ״
ħ񿴼һĻ֮˵
ڿγɵŮҲħĻ۾ħȥڿħ˲䣬Ȼ¶־ȡ
漴¶ЦݣСַϣһƣһ˲䣬һĪɢ˶סŷҲһһ˲䣬·ʧȥеĸй٣ʧȥеʶǼ䡣
Щ˽ָ֮˶ǵøղŷ飬ͬʱ䵹һ㡣
ŷܵ޳ͻȻȶϢȫ㲻״ǰһ˲ȴʮ㣬һ㶼ûܵӰӡ
ôᣡ
ŷǿߣΪԼղŵĸоǳִ󣬿ɸղŷʲôȫ֪
ȵزֻŷħҲһħ񿴼һĻ֮ȫסˣ۳ƯڿУǰΪԽԽߵ޳ȫ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôܹܵΨһΣոС
޳ʮҲۿش޳ϳͣħҲ¶⡣
һѪҺң
ħ˵֮гżȻǶħĻƴӣȴħһεȵΪһͨ߶Щ
Ҳʶ޳ǿͲͬһѪƮڿУһѪħںϵһ˲֮ħռĴڸиԣȻûлøȴ˶ҵĲһ֮󣬶ߵ˵뿪ϣԽԽã
ǣ
ҽ޳֮һʧ͸Ҳϧһд۽޳ɱս𣿡
е𾪲ûʧ۾гȻĿǰħ棬а̾ħ޷޳ɱԼôܻɹأ


2274 ǿ˹
޳ѾɣǱӦ峹ױѵѾȫ޳֮УŷؿһĻóȻעǿһƶһ½Ҳ˵޳ܸ޷ж
ŷԶԶؿ޳а̾ʱ޳ӦôԶͷų𣿡
֮󣬲ɵõ˵ͷ޳һµĻԶսҲһ⣬Ͼܹħݻ٣Ҳ˺Լ
ȻȴһμʶԼ޳֮˼֮дڵľ޴࣬޳˵ӶʱʧڿУٶѾﵽ˼㣬ŷǿҲܿ޳ĶѣɷӦȴϡ
ÿ죡
뷨ո𣬱֮һɽ죬֮гֵĽɫ˲ʧڹʧͬʱǹڹĿռҲһŷѾˣ޳óݣһвݴڵ֣
棬һƬռ֮УôܹĴڡ
޳ܲô࣬ҪӮùҪħϻͱʹ
޳ҲǸطͣһ˲ѣŷٴηӦ޳ѾӶźսꪳħȥһ˲䣬ﷶΧ֮һ˲ʧһƬռ֮Уγһӣ֮дʬ廹Ŀռ䣬˽ͷųȫ벻ŷҲһսӰ죬˲䱻ƷɵУɫһ䣬ȫ֪Ӧôźá
ŷϾǿߣʵ֮ǿ׵ĻΣҪϢĻе㲻ܡ
ֻǷųһϢȥ֮µĿ޳Ҫ֪޳ûзԼɵ޳ʱ޳սȫȫⶼͶս֮Уһ㶼ûѾԼ˼¶һ˿ЦݣԵ⡣
޳ħ֮ս˼ӵʱѣɶǿ˵ӵʱѾ㹻ΣսΪͷŶֳĹɫ·תһ޴򣬽С
̺ǿԾŷҲ֪ƿһƬʲôƻ
ûдﵽ񾳽磬ɵľ޴ƻŷҲ̾硣
ŷҲҿ̫֮ˣѾжԶͶԶˣɢϼɫĴ򣬸һּĸоͷ·һᱬըĶռ䣬һռ䣬ȴ˸򣬿˵ȫɡ
ȻȶĿռһըĺҲǿֲģ˵޷֪Ψһı澲ȴ
Ѿܵǿ󣬿˵ʽһ㣬صһϣУΪһһֳѳһйǰףһ֣Բָ
޳Ѿһж£Ժֻ֣֮Ǳսһеսһ˫źһ򾳽ƵͬһħǿֲϢҪʤħһ֡
ħѾȫ⣬ҲûԹʽϾʽڿ£սһ㣬ӵ㿪ʼÿһ㶼ʵĿԽ۷ص㣬δ֪ɹ
ħȻѾٻˣȴɱϣûа취жԾΪ޳ɻһһ·硣
塭ˣֻ֮ض
ħ֮ͻȻ¶֮ɫдڵ޳ѾӵһԤʲô
޳仰֮һ˿֮ɫȷֻضֻضһһ㣬ڴԼ֮ʧˡ
ûнͣΪǰħɣҲûʲôôϵĺսꪺݺ£ͬԶŴնٵأ޳ʹõƿܱȴϺܶ࣬ȴ͸żָо
ħ񿴼޳ʹóôǿһɫʱ÷ǳ£һɻϢ֮ɢǱסֱһ˲Ǳ޳˻Ҫ޴ȭͷݺݵس޳ȥ
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ħϳ˷ЦݣһʱȻԼħݶˡЦݲûгãȭͷ޳ϣȴûдĸоһɫ˲ӿ˳ħֱ塣
ħȫħǺεһƴȣϵɫı֮Уʼһơ
ʱһķǰֱ˵ӰӰֱӳħǱ߳ȥһ˲䣬ѵı˲ָ
޳֪Լ޷ֶʱ䣬ѾԼıֶҲóˣеĻ
ֻеˣ
ħǺսԱ֮ǰҪǿȥ¡һشһ󣬾غֲҲͬװɫʱһ䣬˵ôܣ޳ʲô
ŷ֪ⳡսѾֳʤżĿ·в޳Ҫ£Ҳڴãǿռ¡һɢħ޴Ѿʧֻ޳ھƯڿУȻ޳¶һ˿Ц֮ҡҡλΣҲӿеȥ
վڵϣսѾĲ֮УѪɫػָԭ״Żָԭ״Ļ޳ϵϵȫʧһͨ졣
ʱǽٻħܣЩ߲ûܵ˺
޳ƣʱЩ޳ǰ֮ǰ޳ǰ֮ɫߣڼʶ޳ʵ֮޳Ҳǳ˼ɵǿ޳첻Ȼ޳ʵǳɵ޳ѾģҲǶ޳˺¡
ȥսȡң
Աߵ˵˵ͷӦ޳ǰ޳ǳΪ˸ܲ޳ϢȻֲ޳ڵĲˣǹαװԼ˸ƭ
޳ҲֻˣԼԽԽߣǸֳһ˿Ц˵Ȱ㲻ҪǰˣΪǰһܻı߻һŶ
Աѱ֮ǰ˿ڿ޳ʵ֮ȻЩ޳һĻ֮ϸֳЦݡ
⸱ģв𣿹ҾվҲ޷ϵķƿ㣬ʲôʸвң


2275 ٴ
֮˵в޳ȴûһŵĸо֮˱Ϊ޳ƣɿ޳ڵı֣Ҳò׼ˣ޳ոҪʸȴ̧ͷſУ¶ζЦݣ˵ٶȥˣʱóˣ
Ѳа֣
Щ֮˶ʱɫٳ޳һļһԼЩ˿ɶԸˣҿ޳ղŵı֣·޳֮˵ʵǳǿ
Щ˸е󣬶ŷҲǱ޳һҲû뵽޳ᷢԼŬԼʲôʱ¶
ΨһϢ¶һ˲仹Ϊûб޳أԭͱ޳֮ǰһЩ⣬ȴŭޱȣ˵ԭ޳СˣˣҵĴڻҪӵ
ϵĳڿһһɫ˿߽޳߸һ˲Ĺ޳ǰۿǰˡ
ȻΪ
ߵһӦܣȻĶٿҲôܱȵŷŷϵĳ˲ͬ߳һ˲һޣϺݺݵسûʹö򵥵⼸γɥȪϵĳһЩ˷ŵ޳ǰʵ޳Ӧôǣ
޳Цҡҡͷ˵黹Ҫ𣿡
սóսꪷŵǰ˵㲻ҪսꪸѾˣȴֵʵûУϧǻϧ
˵仰֮սꪾһĹâ˲䴩͸⼸ߵ˳ȥ
һ֮޳ΧǽһƬԵ޹ʱ㳹ˣ˵ʵ޳ҲЩĲ̡ȴûжھΣΪ֮£ЩԲǲһǸԼ鷳
ŷһ㣬û˵ЩʲôֻǾؿ޳һ뿪
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޳ؿŷܹܵŷڶ̶̵ʱ֮УΪ˵ʵŷ츳ڶʱ֮ʵ֮࣬ɾԲ츳Եʡ
ŷ￴޳һӣɵĸеһŭҧ˵ѵڶʱ֮ΪͲĻ𣿡
ŷˣ֮ǰ޳̫ڳ㣬ĵ׵뷨ȫ¶ˡ
æһЦ˵ôأ
ôģҽ𣿡
޳ûзҲ뷴ŷﻺ˵ֻǸеֺѣΪڶʱĿɱҶö࣬һʲôɣ˸еҲӦõġ
޳˵仰֮󣬽ʵǲ뿪ֳ֮ʲô飬ǲҵˣ
޳¶ĵɫŷ￴޳֮󣬲ЦЦ˵Ĺҵķϣҵǲ⽫㣬鵹ǻйϵ
йϵ
޳ôѯ֮ŷᵽǸתͷң·޳ΪʲôûкԼ飬Ѳ޳̰ͼŮɫĺɫ֮ͽ
̽Եʵ޳˵֪𣿡

޳֮ʱһ£֮¶һ˿֮ɫȷĿʶӦû֪Ĵڰŷô֪ģŷ˵˭˵ģ
ȻҲһŮ֮һɣ
ʲô޳˵Һֻѹϵͨѣ˵Ǵ˵ˣǲǴĿˣ˵˭
ң
ʲô
޳Ҷ֮ͻȻֳı飬漴ɫøѿŷ˵ʲô飿㽫ͷβĸһ顣
Ϊʲô
ҿһΣұΪٳ֣û뵽Ȼ磬һʲôĿģһҰĲˡ
ŷ޳仰֮ҲеԼƵĸоԵ޳еһһʮ˵
ô˵ҴģȻ㻹Ҹĵҩڣŷɱң
ŷ˵ͷ޳̵Ҳ֪˸ӣ޳ɫ÷ǳѿŷ˵뿪ӵԽԶԽá
ΪʲôҪӣ
ŷͻȻʳһ仰޳Ҳ֪λش𣬲һзǳǱ֪ŷԼĹϵǾԲûһ뷨ְŷġ
Ҳ֪Ǿڶʲôңһҵ鷳Ҹղŵս֮Ҳ޶ԣпڸ·ϡ
ŷ￴޳ŵӣЦ˵޷Ըңʼնһ۷Ϊߣ㻹ʲôµģ
㻹𣿡
޳ε˵֮ѡһ˵㣬Ѿ˶ԸĶԲߡ
˶٣˵뿪лᣬҵĻͲҪ˵ʲô뿪
ŷ˵ͷܵҪʹÿռȴͻȻһƬȶĿռ֮УǿʹÿռͨǾ͵޳޳˵Ǽ٣޳ҵĵŷǿġ޳ܶΣ޳ζĻǾͱ̸ˡ
ŷǿн޳˷еٶȺܿ죬޳ҲƶĹвϻָԼȻǲŷԽԼõĴ
ǽӦô죬ֱ뿪Ǽ
ߣ
޳֮дżᶨŷȻ֪޳Ϊʲôôɵ޳ɫ֮Ҳûж˵ʲô˾һʱ䣬һ춼ȫǰûϢŷԼ޳һŷ׷ʱ
ڵĳǸʱżƣֻ׷Լ˵ŷһǿߣҲ򲻹׷Լȴһ۷ߣŷԼͿɽԷ治֪޳Ϊʲôܡ
ͣɣ
üˣ
޳ŷ仰֮г˷̣û⣬ЦЦ˵ｫʵָʱʲô飬Ҳʱִ㣬ֻʱȴȼʱˣҵʵָ֮󣬾ͿԳȥҵ鷳ͿԿҳ־㣬ʲôı
ɣһᾡ㡣


2276 
ңҪȥ
ŷܵ޳ǽŵȻһЦ˵ҪţҽȥĴתתѣҪҹԹȴ㼸ʱǻð
޳ŷ˵Ļ֮󣬵˵ͷŷ˵ﲢûʲô⣬һҪעһ£ǧҪԼΧߣЩߵʵ񾳽ϵģȻħôǿ󣬿Ҳ׾ͿԶԸġ
ŷû뵽ͷų˼򵥣˵ͷ޳˵ɣȥ鿴һΧ
ŷﻹû뿪೤ʱܵһǿתͷһԴȪⶼ޳޳պѾﵽ˿ֲĵزŷ֮еҲɫøѿ
޳Լ֮˵ԼʵӾ޴󣬿ʵŷ޳ԶԶ磬ʵϵѣ廹иԪغϲûκεǵΪӣʵӣȻҲϲ޳ʸֻʵøǿ󣬿ԳͬȼˣʵӣȻڿûʲôɳȥʵվΪ׶ˣԼҲֵܹطĥԼս
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ﵹǲ
ŷЩߣЩÿһ֮ǰ޳ԸǸôǿֻȴûǸϵƣȻΪϲѷɫǸߣȴ˵
ŷΪʲôǸĸ޳ԭţ޳ţ֮սÿ˶Լһ塣
޳ڵӣڵ𣿡
ŷ˵仰޳Ļһðɣ޳û
ôһˣǸǿȥˣ
ŷսʱһñ˿ӣȻ˿ûв
תͷȥ˲Ǳңʱ˿̵ңŷ˵ȫû֮ǰôǳʺв
ŷܿ㷴Ӧңתң˵𣿡
ŷʱ˿̿һӣн޳Ļŷﲢûаη壬һǿߣôҲ۷ѡ
ɵԼϢͷųԼϢ֮ҵϷǵûа£¶Ц⣬ƺŷô
ŷδҲ̫ɵ˰ɣҸĵҩ֮Ҷ֣ȫֿԡ
˵仰֮ͫ˲ɻҰɫͬʱŷܵԼ֮һǿĴҴܣԼ֮еоһɴ֮ܶжʹȫŷƣҿԼ֮ġ
ǵҩǡ
Ҫģǵҩûʲô⣬ֻҴһЩ϶ѣһν뾯һ£ôΪһηĻҵǲһЩͷ
ҵ񽥽ػָƽŷ֮ܵĸоҲʧŷʱ˿̺£û뵽ԼȻھͺ֪֮ҵļƣг˵Ļ⣬Լ޳ĻҲֽһзȻԼҵߡ
ϸֳһ˿Цŷ˵Ǳߵս˺ƴǲǻһǿ֮ĹϵôǶ˶һһʱ䣬һǳɣ
ŷ￴ҵӣȻҲ֪Ǹ˾޳Ӧھͳˡ
ҵĹϵҪʲô
¶һ˿Цݣ˵ţӦ֪ⶫɣ
ӻȡһСƿӣϢϤϢŷ֮ǰȥֵҩŷﲻףͬʱȵĿң˵㽫ⶫóʲôѲɻҳȥ
仰֮ϵıһ£ȻЦ˵ȻҪ֪ⶫļֵô𣬱ǸÿֻһݣԸźҵĻүҵǿԿһ£
ŷ仰֮ɫʱ÷ǳѿһ˵ҲģҺҲ졣
ŷﲢûҪԼ˼ȥӣϸֳЦݣһżģûУŷȴֳõԤУҪ뿪ȴû뵽һҵٴαɻҰɫһûиŷĥŷﱾҪ뿪ģȴͻȻܿˣƯڿУĿҽ
Զ޳˽ʱʱڽָԶԣ޳ڸ֮£ʵĻָٶѾǷǳѸ٣ǶѾﵽȫĵز
ʵָ֮ӽطɵУӿгΧȥҪѰŷ㼣ɵӿѰҰ֮ȴŷߣǳ󣬱Ͼŷ˵⸽תתôܻͻȻʧأ
޳ĵһӦŷ᲻ʲôΣգΧȻûһЩĵһʵǳǿŷҲгԱ
ڵĵʱȴܵԼһϢڲϵĿתȥŷ
ŷվ޳ǰ欵վڿУ֮кֳ棬޳Ѿ֮ͷЦ˵û뵽㷢ˣұҪһϲأ
޳ŷ﷢ǵɵһ飬ŷ˵ɲǸҾϲڸҾŰҵҪôң˵ĻҸĻ𣿡
ŷ޳仰ͣ˵˵ңҺòҪһ㡣
޳仰ϸֳһ˿ЦݣЦ˵ԭ
޳ﻹһҸҵĵҩΪⵤҩҵʵſԴﵽֵز㽫ⵤҩȥĻһԴﵽ񾳽ġ
ŷｫҩó޳ǰ
ǿҩЧ
޳ܵҩ֮ɫ÷ǳȡŷ޳ĳ֮ϸֳһ˿Цݡ
޳ûнⵤҩȥϿһᣬȻֱܹӴﵽ񾳽ĵҩ˲ҩĭ
֪һʶˡ


2277 ѹ
޳˵仰֮ǰŷԲһ£΢Ĳ˸ˣ޳ȴץסһ㡣
޳һǰŷ˵ֻⱲӽӴʱŮ˱ˣ鲻ԽҪģΪһʲô뷨Ӱϵ
޳˵仰֮ǰŷͻȻͣ¶Ц֮һǿϢӲԶ֣Ѹٳ߷޳ԶԶϵҵûжپȣʵȷǳѸ٣ɻûдﵽԴ޳ĵز
֮ǰ޳Ѿ֪һԼ鷳ȴ벻ŷȻᱻҿƣѹҶڴŷ˿ûнŸУ෴ǳء
޳ڼұˣȻҪе˵ң˵ңҵûɱ㣬û뵽ȴҵ羿ʲôĿģʦ˭
ʦӦһѣһʶˣ˼ҲҪ¶ݣϾҪˣҲǲܸġһЦаϸֳһ˿Цݣг˸ĿУ
޳˵ʦԼʶϸĻţȴô벻ԼȻʶ
޳Ҳ˼ϾԼǰĵ˲ңŷŷﵽ񾳽ǿߣͶ֮ͿԼ̣ȫԸĶԴ
аңԼѡȻָʵ֮ǰ±Ҹ֣ǽûз
޳㿴ҶɺãԼŮϣνĵҲɣ
˵֮ϵϢͷųѾȫ˻ҺɫǱ˧ڴʱ˿ȴԵһȣ֮״ܶշ·Ҳñ˺롣
޳һĻ׹ԭһֱʵ۷壬ǰ벽񾳽硣
̤벽񾳽֮ԶҲﲻ֮޳츳ųǿں֧ŵĻôܻͣڰ벽ǿߵľ֮Уң˵ңô£
޳ѯʣ¶Цݣ˵Űɣҵ츳ʵȻûܳΪһǿߣŮ˶磬ôܹҵ϶԰ɣ
޳ѯѾʼˣ޳ʲô֪Ȼ޳ϣҲôԴ޳޳Ϣ֮ϸֳһ˿ЦԼʲô֪ϻǱһڹ
ڹ޳⣬Լ޷ﵽ񾳽ĻԼƯΪҵΪˣһ񾳽磬֪Ŀ硭ӦûҪһΣգҿɲһĽɫһѪ֮ˡ
޳˵ôΪ𣿡
ȻΪҵħ֣һԴﵽ񾳽硣Ҳûй㣬Ҳãڰ벽ľУҿܶǿ飬͵͵ע⣬ҿɱ㡣
޳仰ϲֳһ˿Цݣ˵һˡ
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޳ЦĽ仰˵˵һ飬֮ϵϢͬһħһ㡣
һƵĴ𣬶޳˵ɱǾʶһҵ
ͻȻ˵仰֮޳ŷͻȻгһСӣС޳ûм
޳еɻŷֶ𣬶ʱСͻȻˣһȣһ޴Ļ֮гǿ޳Ҳ󣬸οǱһǿʩչһ˲䣬ط·ȫɡ
޳޴ӣƽ״̬£ڱ˵Ļ湥֮Уɵԡ裬ȫںЩ棬ڲУǿʹõĻ֮޳ȻɲԺ֮࿹⡣
ֻȱâ޳γһǽ滹γһΪŨıϵϣȻһγ֮ǽȴǿĹ֮²ϵڻǱǽһöûС
޳ı¶ڻ֮Уǿգ޴ʹ̲סг쳣
޳ܵʹԽ࣬ұԽ˷ܣûͣ¹ŷʱʧ޳ǰʧһ˲ѣٴγֵĵط޳ϿգŷѾͻΪһ壬ڿвϵתţȻҪ޳һ
޳Ȼǿ󣬿ǿǰ޳еֻèĹѣǿǰûзأҲȫԵģʱ˿޳ܹʹóܹӹһ٣ϧǰѾʹùһˣڶʱ֮ڲʹõڶΡ
ҵ޳ѾǱɣһ˿һת¶һ˿Цݣؿⳡս
ǿߵӴϾӵˡ
޳֪ҴһʲôȴϵЦݺ˶ģȻҲԼϣȴ˶ԼͷųͬʱԼľֿϷŷ׼ѵһ˲䣬ŷϵȻһ󷨽Լ֮ϣȫ֪Ӧôźá
ŷʱ˿ȫ޷Լ壬ȴԿüʱ˿޳ٵΣվ֮ʱż֡
׵ŷΪʲô˵ԼｫҸɱҶ޳ֵȷˡŷԸʢŭ֮£ȷὫҸɱ
ŷﲢҪŵŷļƻɹҪ޳ȥΪҪġ
Ҳģŷ۾ԼϢǿиͷųһ˲޴ͷųڿеŷһҽУ޳ȫ㲻׷ʲô飬һǱŷԼһ˿Ļᡣ
۾֮һ⣬˷ܵ˵
Լ֮ϵϢ¶һ˳˳ȥٶȷǳ죬ŷȻԼͣһʱ䣬һҪٴβ׽޳Ϣɾˡ
Ҳû뵽ŷԼĿƣûһĽŸУΪڸղʧȥƵͬʱҲܵŷľڸղŵǹɳ֮Ѿ˾޴ˣҲ˵ԺŷȫûѿƵȫԼڲ
¶Цݣ·޳¶Ц


2278 з
һʲô壬ղһŷﻹһ֮ˣֻеɵѣȫԼȴΪ㽫һˡ
иֳһ˿ϧɫ·ŷѾʧȥ˾ȳϣһ㡣
޳ЦЦЦҸеֿ־壬޳˵Цʲô
ЦСŷжϣѡһӳһľΪֻһŻὫȳ
˵ʲô
ղӦѾˣ˵һսذɣ
޳˵仰֮鲻ԽĹЦ˵ƾ۷ʵ𣬾ſԽս֮£ȫûа㷴㵽ʲôʸ˵ִ󻰣
˵仰֮ŷﶸȻصҵߣ߱ʱ˿жûֹͣǻؽӽ޳վ޳Ͽգ޳˵Ӹߴĸо治ԶڵϴţԶվָоӦøã
۾һ˿ϧɫ˵ϧҵˣ֮ǰǲɱģʵʵڹھˣκ˶˳ɳȥİȻҪʦļƻʦ֮һܹӰ쵽λѿҪȫɱ
֮
޳⼸֮ϴżɻ֮ɫʦҪ֮͵֮ʲô飬ҽһ۷ߣοʦ˭֪
㻹ʵֻǻѣʵﵽǸԼ˵ֻ𣡡
˵֮ٴɢǿ޳˵ΪʦұҪɱ㣬Ҫǵɿɲˡ㽫ҵߣõҲ²μ޼ʥصĵλ½ЩҲǰͣοҽɱ֮󣬱Ĵﵽ֮
ŷٴγ֣һɺ嫵޳ȥҪȵŷĵһҪǿ޳޷ֵ
һεľ飬һοɲĴ⣬Լȫע޳ϣŷһҲֻ·һѾ˾·޳ܹ
Ȼʱ·һȴҵԤϣ·ʱ·ͻȻһǿߣҾʹδʶһȻѾﵽ֮
ȫɫɴδ뵽޳ڶ̶̼µʱֱӴ۷Ϊﵽ񾳽硣
ܵͬʱһ޴ĺΪ֮𶯣ۿԿһ͸СѸ֮Ѹɢ޴ĳϯռѣݡ
ȻⲢδֹͣǺɫųŷȥ˿ûһ飬ȫҪŷɱ
ҸǾȣŷ޳֮Ӧѹϵ޳ôܻŷ֣뵽ˣһĸߵĵط۲·һС
ڿֻ֮·Ǹ޳ȴȫӰ
ôʱ򸴻δҲ̫˰ɣ
̫ˣ
ҵͻȻǿе޳˫ĿѪ죬Ϻźսꪣһһ򵱹Īӡ
ʵҪ޳ǿĶ࣬ɴ޳֮ȴ˿ûпη֮ɫ෴ʵǿȴ¶˿˿š
ҿ޳˵ôǿ㵱ôܹɱô࡭
һˣߵȷǿ󣬿ҲѣһƬռ֮УڣԽʵԽǿ󣬶һƬ߶񾳽ģ
ΪʲôΣյĵط
ҽеĻ˵һ룬ͻȻͣȻĿ޳˵֪нһ־棬취ѹŷ
ҿ޳֮жһ˿죬Ȼû뵽޳ԤһĻѾ뵽˶Բߡ
Ϊ˽ŷɲԸ񰡣²պܶࡣ
޳ҶԼۣϲֳЦݣ˵л佱Ҳûб仯ǲŷﵽҵĿġôסŷѡ
סŷѲһ˶Ըң
ҳ˾ȣ·ʲô˼Ļɵ仰˵֮޳ȴǵ˵ͷͬ˵޳ԼϵĺսһᣬɱȻĿ֮г˺Ȼ֮˿ûΪֱԼǿĶŰη塣
̫ˣ
һȣ߿ʼһѪһѪϵıձúһģһΨһһʵҵһѡ
޳֮ǰûмһУӦ˵ǲûпʹóʽԵһ֮۾֮г˲죬һʱ֮Ҳ֪ôźá
Ըҵг񣬿ͬʱв֪Ӧôźõʱȴûж޳֣ǽ˿һξ롣
޳տʼеҵΪʲôҪôɵҵĿ֮бˡŷﲢԼսܵҵĿƣȻŷȻϽϣֻ޳ڲˣȿŷǱߵ
Ҳ͸޳˻ᣬδҲ̫С޳ˣ޳ҵı嶼ûаη壬һʵһķʲôηġ
޳¶һ˿Ц֮гңһԶĻ޳Щ˵иûзأֱӱɱٲãҲһǿߡ֮£ȫ˸ı䣬ӦվڶԷ˲Լ߱Ƚǿ
޳֪ԼʶԼ˶Ĵ˲һһϣĿ˵˳


飡

壡
֣
ǺƽĽʽһһȴͬ죬޴ĲһƬռ֮вΪߵ˵ĻЩǲħ
һ˲䣬޳ʵ˼㣬ûʹԶ̹Լһһ㣬ֱӳŶҷȥ
ҿһĻûһ˿һĻң¶ЦݣأǷΡ
һ˲޴׵֮ͺ֮ڿв֯һһŵľ޴ڿгͣ޴޳˶֮УֱӺ޳УһҪ޳һ֮ɱӣǿ˾޴ѹ


2279 ɱѪ
¶һ˿Ц˵̫СҵѪĻǼֱѰ·֮ǰұ㽫֣֮Ѫ֮Уӵ߲췣Ļ׵磬һܹùġ
˵仰⻰û£޳ͺǰľ޴ֱײһȻʱ򣬲޳ܵд죬޴¡һ죬ͬһ鱻ݺײһĽһƬ֮ⶫһȻ飬ͬһӰûֹͣѸѪǰ
Ӱȭ
޳һȣǽļֱӴҵϣһֱ鿪
һɫĶ޳У޳ܹܵС֮ϴľѹ޳Լڽǵһ˿Ѫ˵ӦþӰɣ
ҿ޳ĳԼǰ˵⡭ôܣ
޳ûҵľȣֱӴԼϵ֣֮֮͵رǿ֮һһĽ޳֮С
ô뿴ԼĹ˼£һȣγһƬѩѪ֮г޾ԩꡣ
޳ɵüͷһ壬ҵȻҪ֮ǰǿö࣬ȻԼ뿪ǧ֮ڴǧɱԼΪ޳Ժκ飬ɵһ֮ϣԲܺҵΪ
޳岢ûֱֹͣӽѪ֮УȻҪڲѪƵ
ƣ
޳Լı֮ͷųⱬ֮Լ߱޴һ˲佫޳ɵԶڿͣһƬѪҲըѿ
֪޳Ϊʲôôˣ޳ЩηͻȻЦ
޳ΪӾƿҵĹ𣿡
ʲô˼
޳ɻңȻѾɢѪһεۣһֱӱһ״֮󣬶ʱҸղ˵
޳ŵĿǰһĻղŷѾʹóǿ˵ЩѪҺԼֱ֮ӱٻɾԼĹһôûС
޳һγ˷ȥһĹʩչ֮ʶһ㣬ǰľǸ޷ģ˲û¡
Ȼǲ𣬿ȴһǱǹߣ˵Щƫ͡
޳Լսʱнƾһ֦ԽԼסԼ֮£ҲʹַѪôǿҲǿ󵽿ԽԼʹõķ֮ƿ
ûʹúսꪣǽԼŪɽӡ״̬۾֮޾Ĺ򣬲ѡΪԼã۾˲䣬޳Ѫɫ֮ͻȻһ˿â˼âͷųǰľ˸סƾƾϵʹԼϵԼ壬֮У޼ƿʩ
޳Ѿƹҵǰҿ޳ó΢΢զ࣬˵û뵽һçҲ֪֮ʹã֮ǰС
޳Ѿҵǰҵȴûһη֮ɫһƵӡ
·أ϶޳ҳ֣Լȵռ޳Ϸ磬֮κһ˵һ飬޳İѱ
㲻Ҷҳ֣
ҿǰԼʮ׵޳֮г˵㲻Ҷҳ֣ΪҳֵĻŷͻʧȥҵĿơڸղž㣬ѾԼľǻָĿƣҲ·һûа취ǿս
仰Ǽ򵥵вĴڣ޳ŴԶսŷһʱ֮Ҳ֪Ӧô죬ɾʱͻȻˡ
ҵϳһѳѪ֮ĳⳤһնֱӳ޳߳Ǵһ˿Цݣ˵㲻ɱңɲҲɱ㣬ȥɣ޳
޳ȻսḻˣҲ׺ݣϾһ֮ˣκе˾ߣһ߾ͺױסڵ޳״̬
֪Լŷƣ͸޷ЩʲôǾҽ޳֮޳ȴû־ܣʧǰһҸܵԼǰǿѹæԼĳǰǰԥֵ޳˵ΪʲôΪʲôҵв
ȷգŷʵˣҺʶʱɱ㳤Ķࡣ
޳Ȼʮ㣬ҲżϾȻŷŷڵģ޷ֶ೤ʱ䣬ֻʱ֮ҴܣĻŷŻᱻľȳ
ڸղ޳ѾʶҷʵȻҵȷɸղ޳ɱ޳Ĵ
һΣԼ޳֮˾룬ȻѾﵽ˰벽ľ磬ʵ޳֮Ĳಢرǵ˵Լ֮ǰЩʬȫ޳ɱ֮ʱ㱻׵ľˣû޳ʵôǿ󣬽ٶҪԼöࡣ
ҲΪˣļ֮ԽԽأһһҪ޳ɱ޳ǰûκԥֱʹԼǿʽ޳ȥһ˲ΧɱģȻɹ޳΢еԾΪҵ似˲һΡ
Ѫӡ
ҿٽӡһɺɫ˴ɢͷγһɺɫƣƳֵ˲䣬޳ܵԼƸ͵ߣɫ˱䣬˵ôܣ
޳Ѿ֮еİأǿϢϢĿ޳ڵе˳м־Ÿݻɫͷſǿĳ޳߷ӳ޴
޳ܵԼߵʱԼҲ
ɶ񣬸ƣ
޳֪ȥȥʱԽԼɵžԽɫøѿʱ˿ٲ־ˣϵĺս͵׳ȥڽս׳ȥ˲䣬ǿעս֮УĿǽǸƻֻҪܽǸƸƻ޳ͿԻָ
սϵǿ˲佫ռ䶼ͱƣױȵٶȳҳȥȴûаҪص˼ǽϷѪӡҵĶһģһһǿӡ֮ͷųٶȾ˵ĺսڴ͸֮ʱٶѸټȫʧ


2280 ħ
ôܣ
޳ԼĹԷ׵ɫøѿͫ¶˿η֮ɫҿ޳ٶ֮ϲֳһ˿ЦݣЦг˵֮ɫ·ʱ˿ҪϢ޳ϳԱˣ
ȴ޷̫ʱ䣬Ϊһ룬ǺսشӺɫ˺ɫһǿĻϵϢӺսͷų˵ôܣǡ
ʶޱƽ벽Щ۷ֻбͷܵķݣһһֱвǣ޳ʹóʽ֮ѾԼˣһ޳ٴʹóⲻ˸е𾪣Ѳ޳Ѿעһ
Ҵʱ˿ܵҪ֮ǰǿö࣬ڵǵѾﵽ˰벽񾳽磬ͨǿ߸Ķ֡
ҶһҲСֵһ˲䣬㽫ԼɹƾѪӡƻѡȱ֤Լİȫò˵ҲһΪѡ
޳ͷų֮ɫرѿղŵѪӡȷǿ󣬾ѾƻˣɶԼɷǳˡ
һغϵսƽĶ޳ռ·磬޳Ѿʶҹǿһҵı޴ӰȭֱӺȥһ޴ıըҴ벻֮±޳ɳȥ
˵޳սѧʲôĻһսԼĶ̴ȥӭӱ˵ĳڽֵһ˲ֱԷʵڶԷʵо͸֮취ԸԷ
޳ʱ˿õóֵĲΪҲǿ壬зḻս顣
ڿûκεͣһɫĻӰĴӴܣĴӴܵʱʱʱһĹֱӴңķɸ޳ٶȣ޳һ˲Ĳӵµʱ򣬺ֱӴռûʲô²˶ĲӰӰҲǳѲڲϵжţ֪ǻӰȴòΪ㲻޳ʹһ۷תƹȥһ˲תƻ޳£ǹѾܵ˺
޳ϴľ޴޷⡣
޳ӶĹѾе˼˿ֻţ룬ԼĻ޳𣿶һǵڶ޳ϣԼΪ޳ô࣬Ϊʲô޳Ķ֡
һʱ䣬ʡ裬ָ籡ܲԸϣ޳Ѿʦɶ֣Լʦнһһ߶ѣһ񾳽綼ﲻķˣԼôܻǰ;Ǵﵽ񾳽ô
һ˲䣬ħǱЩа¶ɢаϢֲĿǰ޳һ˲䣬޳һħһ㡣
Ҫ
һź֮ͷųɺ˲佫޳ɣ޳ʵôͻȻ֮ǿ֮ʱͻȻ˿еĻ޳һ£˵ôᣬѲħ
ҶԱֻһͣûп屩Ϣôһܹյġ
޳ŷ֮֮вû£Ϊ޳ԴӽӴս֮һֱʴ廹ǾѾӦŷһǿߣѾûħϣǽսȥҲʲô⡣
޳ǰңҵ۾رʴϵ͵رһź֮ðһźڿγɣһźҵһɢڿɢ
ʧȥҽһʬѣȫʧȥж֮ǰ֮г˲ģ˵ʦң
տ֮ص޳Ϊҵʦ֣֮仹Ǻ֮ǰһŷԶǿս
޳ɵøеֿϧҲһۣϧʱĴںԼ֮һΪ
ǺɫϢѾֻʣһ˿ҲԼʦ˼ʦѾˣôܻȥ
г˲ʣ޼£Ҳֻˡ
Ҳģ
˵һ䣬һ仰ֻ޳ܹ·֮ǰҪ޳ս
Ҳģ
һ仰еģ磬һдˣԼĵˡҲУʱ˿ѾһĹ
˵һ仰Ѿȥˡ
޳ҵǧ׵ĸ߿֮ˤȥȻûˤ⽴Ӹ߿֮ˤȥҳһӶӶ֮УѪ֮ȻѾĲˡ
һŷϾͿԿóŷѾ׻ָǣ˵ŷָǻ粻ָÿһʹ似͹֮ʱеͷĿѣȻǰΪʱս֮Уŷȴ·磬Եܵ޳ʤ֮ϸֳ˷֮ɫȻսǰߣԼ޳Ҫܣ뽫Լ¡
תͷ޳Ҫ޳һ뿪ʱ޳ȴû뿪ŷ˵һ뿪
Ϊʲô߾ֶһĶ֣
޳ŷĻɵÿЦһŷ˵㿴һΧ񾳽ߣִﵽ񾳽ͨ߾㹻һˣʮħʮħΪǽһܣе߶˸˵ǻԵĴ
ŷﲢûע⵽Щ飬ֻûѣѾʶ̫ɱ¾ʲôνҲνļ֮ĶӵĶܼ򵥣ǾԼĸ磬һе鶼Ϊŷ룬֮£Ѿʧȥŷ𡭡Ӧ˵ŷʧȥڹĵֻԼ
޳ĻɵһǶ£
Ȼ˲ȴû뿪ѡ޳
ŷһԼ֮нָƽʱһȣһɫĺ߳Уĳڿһڿгһ޳ʮɱƵ
ͬһʮ֣ŷ֮ط·Ϊ֮ɫǾ޴˿ûɢ˼Ǳķ֮£Ĺ쳣ǿ
⹥Ȼǿ󣬿ͨĹϲûʲôá


2281 
߸ܵŷĹͻȻЦŷ˵û뵽ôʱ֮ʵǵûʲôչϵ˥ˣ˵˵һƬİ
ŷĸԼʱɫһ죬֮гŷŭɫȻҪǰ޳ȴҡҡͷ˵ס֣
ŷؿ޳һۣ֮޳ԶѸٷ˹ӣƺҪ˶Ի
ӵ޳ǰ棬޳˵޳ҪСһ㣬һԲǺǵģܸܵϵǳֲ
޳˵ͷ˵İɣ
޳仰ȻǲԼĺ⣬ŷյ֮һ㺮˪ɢϢǿ
Ȼ޳ҲʩѹĶ󣬿ʵȴ޳Դǳ֮һǿͷųѹֻҪȥܵĻûܹв޳ŷΪǳ
Ȼŷﶼﲻ̶ֳȣ˵ǰΪŷߣ޳һ񾳽綼ﲻ߳Լǰһ˿߱ɱĹâһ󺰣ɫ˲޳ǰɢ
ԶŷҲɵü޳ȴΡȻ˫Ŀֱǰһ˵Ĺ𣿡
޳һЦȻһмӡ
Ҳ˲̵ʱ䣬Ϊ˴֮ǰЩȻһ޳סԼղŵһХĿ⿴޳ж˼޳˵ܲҵǰǲʲôҪң
ûձ˵Ӧǰǰһشģ԰ɣ
޳˵֮һ۾գգΪ޳ڿЦɵ޳ɫ֮Ŀ
һ˵ŮȵȷǺõö࣬һǰҿɲӦ壬壬ཫӡļįɱǻôᵱǰ
˵仰֮ϵϢ͵ͷųɽǿϢ޳ȴһôûУվڿУƾΧ󣬿ռը
ߵĺɫתһ£Ȼ޳ʵе죬޳˵û뵽ֿôǿ󣬲ΪҵϢѹƣҲֵҵһ㻹뿪ɣ
޳Ļûһ۾ʹóսϵʽȻսϣ޳ǳһ޴߿֮ɫøѿ
ôܣ
޳˵仰ȷˡ߻᲻֪ʽ֪ĻԼЩŬɶ׷ˡ
޳ȴʹóڶʽ塣
壡
޳һȣһźʼΧ޳ת޳ʵһ˲ٴӡ
Ȼǽиϳˣ˵һôϵĹ
Ļ䣬һǿʵ˲䱬һɲϢѹ޳ǵĽԼʵͷų޳˵ȴһΪѵĿ顣
һ˲䣬޳ʮܣȻЩֵܳ˲䣬ֱݻ٣һǺĸݻٵ
ǣ
޳ͻȻɽɫͷһ޴Ľ˵
ǳּӣɾ⼸ӵʱ䣬޳˵ȴһʱ䡣
Ҳ޳Ĳ״˵԰ҪⶫҪսꪡ
䣬սѾϣһŵ鿴޳޳źսȴ˿ܵսꪵķɣʱѾù
ʲôʵģ˵ɣ
ŷҲû뵽޳ͷųԼϢѾЭˣҪֱ޳ҪʲôʱͻȻܵԼĶߴ
ʱ䣬ָ
ŷ޳仰֮ٿ޳͸ӹˣ޳񶼴żּɵ
⼸첻޳޳Ļ̫ˡ
һʼԼ޳ʱ㿪ʼ޳ƺãԼԸ޳ʱ޳ȴͲµļƻԽԼطѹԼ
ɱ֮Լ޳ûв֮޳ԼԸǰߣһνǻ۵ˮ©
һеȷ޳źõģȹʮʱ䣬ȴʮûʲôνķܹǿʵͬʱҲһľ飬ǸСڿʼһ˲㿪ʼֹͷŻ᲻ϵĳɳ
Խ࣬յķԽࡣ
ȻͨûȴպͬȼֵĶǻۣ羭飬С
޳Щ򶼸ʱӵĲǻۣ
޳ܹڶʱ֮ڣ˴ϻۣⲢ˵ʲôʵԵ⣬޳޳ֻǱøӳ죬׽ѡ
Ȼȫ޳һ㶼ûע⵽Զŷ
֪ʲô飡
սʱѾ𣿡
޳ע⵽һ㣬Щƺһֱһ֮Уޱȣ֮ǰǸʹԿó
޳ѯ飬Ŀ۾Զ˵Ǵڵʱһ壬ֻһ˵δľ֮壬ȴ֪ǣЩδľ֮ռʮ֮šʱ˲űȻȻƣһʱĳɳ֮ʵͿʼࡣ
˫ʵﵽٽ㣬ս㿪ʼˣ
޳ЩЩƺĲûʲôϵ
Ҳ޳ɫı仯˵˵
һս֮Уİ˴˼ҵĴսһս޷ݣ֮ʮһǿ֮Ļսġ
޳Щ֮Щ𾪵Ĳʧأʮһǿ֮䶼ս磬Ǻεȵ
ⳡս˭Ӯ˭䰡Ƕӡǲսˣ
ⳡսδӮǱӡҲΪ⽫ǷӡԱǵʵġ
ô˵
Ҳһ˴λ֪Ҳֻѡ֮һҲкսꪵˡɽʥ
ʥһߣȴħԾӣһֵ飡


2282 ս
޳ǵһԼϺսꪵ˵٣Ϊ˱ʵŻὫӡ磬ǻûи֮ǰЩ߸ͺˣ֮ǰһ޳һ˱ɱ˶ߣ޳һ߼ʱ䣬񾳽һµߺױ޳ɱ⡣
ûн仰ʳǰЩҲŵߵģһ֪ԼɱôߣһŹԼġ
޳ͻȻһ飬컯ʱǰһȲþһƬ𺣣ʬڻȼգһǿ߾վڿУ·Ǵʱ˿֮ľ
֮ǰ޳ûзƬʲô⣬ڵڴпһЩߣҽе߲ȫ࣬ĴڣȻ컯ĴǺЩͬһʱġ
ǰһҪ̡
һ⣿
ߣĿԽ޳޳ȥ
޳аոҪֹȴѾˣ˸еȵ߿ŷڻָûΪ޳ƭ¶ЦݣĶ޳˵СӣòΪǸŮ˿ԽҴܰɣղҺֵʱѾʶʵˣ֮£Ҵһƽ֣ҪҴܿɲһ׵顣
˵֮۾޳˵ٸһʱ䣬ش֮󣬱Ů˵ڣ
޳ҲûӺͽ飬ֱӽԼ컯ʹóǰ˵ǰ˵սꪵ֪֪أ
߿޳ͷų֮ɫʱѿ૵Ķ޳˵ôܣһôͬʱħ
˵仰ʱ޳ѾˣȻ컯Ӧǰ˴֮һ
һжŪ֮ǰҲʼ޳еɵǶ޳ڵʵе£Ƕ޳ɳùеġ
޳Ŀأһ壬ȴܹһɳĻԲͬ졣
һ޳˵ҲѾشˣҪ뿪ĻȰھͶҸӵʱ䣬֮ұȥڵʵȷǳǿ󣬿ȴûǿ󵽺࿹ĵز
˵֮Ҳ޳𲻴ӦϵʶʱʱһһĹȥ۾֮޳ȴû뿪ǺŷվһһԼ
߾иеһ˿ʧԼ뷨֮˱ɫϾ޳ǵˣԼôܶԵ˲֮أ
һȣǿɱ˲޳˵СӣҶѾ뿪ˣȴϧᣬǾͲҪˣ
һ˲䣬޴ɢϢ޳֮Ӳһ㱻Ʒɣŷڹؼʱ֣޳ס
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ŷﲻǺȷ˵ҲٿԺռƽ֡
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޳仰֮˵ͷӷ·ء
ŷü˵񾳽֮սɲֵܲģս֮ҿϾ˼㣬ǧҪ֣
޳ŷɵÿЦһ˵δҲ̫С˰ɣ
ŷﲢûж˵ʲôһǿȥҲһȻûнŷôӣżֱ͵˼սʼ֮ŷսѽѷ֡
ŷǻϵߣսʱ֮һƬãã𺣣޳ûʲôӰ죬ɶǰӰȴǳԽԽ꣬ŷﾡܵȶסԼԼԳս
˵ʵ߶üʶŷˣûôŷսôʱ䣬ϸڶûз֣Ⲣ⡣֮УȻûб仯ɶʽսˡ
֮ǰŷսһʱ䣬ʱ֮У͹ŷʵԲŻڵս֮·硣
޳û̳֣ܹ۲ǿߵս޳˵һѵõĻᣬǿ߶ƿأڷã˸еϧǣ޳޷ܵ޷ܵĻͻˣҲһ벽ߡ
һʱȥˣ֮սûнŷ˵֮൱Ȼƺ˽֮С
ŷȻ֮ǰ޳Ҫæȴû뵽޳ĴһԿսһ㶼ûҪֵ˼
ڵĶѾһֽ׶Σ־֮£κһϸСĵݶⳡսʤ
޳ҲӦһ㣬ɼȻһͳְҪ
֮ŷʶ޳ڹۿⳡս֮ʱ˶ǿסԼǽ飬صȴ޳Ļع飡
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޳ε̾һʶڻصⳡս֮ϡ
ǰǸˣ
޳һȣһʱʧڿС
޳ʱ˿ٶǿ߶еȣǿߴ벻Ĺһӣ߱ҪӦ޳Ĺ޳ȴڿͣ
ϸֳһ˿Цݣһһϣ·˵ʲô߽޳Ļ֮ʱ仯Ϊ޳˵ļǡϵˣ
һһɫĻ߳ڿУֱӽո롣޳һĻܹ⣬Ϊʲôʮһ˵սǿ綼ܹ˺
һ֮УƴһɫС޳ǰ޳ܹĸܵСȥŷҲһҪһһ
ɾѾһ׼ã׼ϵȥʱͻȻһԼ֮ƺʲôͷһսֱӶ壬ǰһȫ¶ǰ
Сˣ
˳صĹϷ¶һ˿Цݡ
Լһ޳ɳȥȻڽ޳ɱɶ޳ܵ˺ڶʱ֮޷ȴûôƾԼ۳ʧ
ܹںս֮£Ҳֵˣֻϧ¸ˡ
˵仰֮Ӻս֮ϻ½ĹУ·ڶʱ֮ܵط绯Ѫ⽥ʧøӲ׹䵽֮Ȼ飬һƬ


2283 뿪ħ
ˣ
޳ŷŵѯʣ˵ͷ˵ûû뵽ô׾͡
˶٣˵ҲһߣҲ顣
ˣҸղʱ˵ʲô
޳תͷŷǳ۾Ҫŷתһ룬ŷ֪̫ಢһ£пܻŷܶ벻鷳ϸֳһ˿Ϊɫŷ˵㻹ǲ֪ĺã֪ҵܻǣܶ鷳Ҳô鷳֮С
ŷ޳˵죬˵˼ǽҵһ˶𣿡
޳ĿŷŷĻ֮иеһ˿⣬޳ΪԼܴˡĳŷŷ
ŷ￴޳Ծӣɵһȴװһӣ˵鲻νһҪһ£Ǳ֮ûо̫ˣ
޳ŷĻЩ˵̫ˣ
㻹ûзǰֱӳƺΪֱǴ󲻾
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ŷ仰͵ؽͷתȥݺݵ˵֮Ĺϵ𣿡
޳óʱûпŷԼŭˣѾҪŷĿֲɱ֮£޳Ҳеһ䡣
ŷгŭӣɵÿЦһ˵Ҳ֮ĶԻΪãαΪأ
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ŷ˵仰֮㽫ͷŤȥҲ޳
һ֮޳˵뿪ﻹǼڵʵѾȳе۷ߣԺͰ벽ǿƴһƴʵӦǴﵽˣȥҲûʲôˡ
˵׻һ۷ǿߣ޳ʵĺ޳ҲôģҪ뿪֮ǰ˱뿪һƬﲻʹÿռͨ뿪Ҫһʱ䡣
ŷˣ뿪·Ȼһ仰û˵˵ӱ˵Ҫ£޳Ҳҿ˴ﵽһƬռıԵʱܹܵӲԶһǿĿռ䲨ŷ޳Ϊǵˣһ˲䣬ԼϢͷų
ɵռ֮һߴռ֮л̱֮߳ܵ˵Ϣ
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޳ֲЦӣæ˵ôܻ᲻ʶǰأ
޳ҲоɣԼոֲӿռֲ֮ͨ߳Ҳ޳˼ЦǺǵ˵޳СѣɲһɺϣһȻ߲һ磬ֻҪͨұԸ֪ģҲŻʱ֡
֮תͷߵŷ˵λǣ
ŷ
ֲȻ򣬲˵ѹ֮ǰܵһ񾳽ǿ߽Ƭռ֮Уԭŷ
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ֲȻ˵ŷ飬˶ܹܳ˵Ĳŷ飬òѯŷô֪طģ˭ģ
ŷõɫΪֲ̬Ⱦһ㡣ɲһƲ磬ټʱΪ޳鲻ãոҪŭʱ޳ͻȻм䣬˵ȥ˵̲סҪ뿪Ƿ֮ˣ
ֲһʵʵڵ˾޳ô˵֪޳ŷ⣬Ȼ޳ˣȻ᲻Ӧôˡ
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ֲ˻۾˿޳ֿ˿ŷ˵ܲһһ˵ϾôΣգһʲôľٶĻ
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޳ۿѾħȫɣѾòƲڵ״̬ѾĲˣ
ŷһԲ˵ط˴ˣ㲻֪طĻôܲҵĸ㣬Ѿ̫֪ˣ
ŷ˵ʵҲŹƵɡֲɫѿ˵뿪
˷ֱ̤ռ֮ͨУ⼸˴ӿռ֮ͨ߳պѾ޳ˡ
֮г˷ܵĹâرǵ޳֮޳ϴΣϢѪڡ
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޳ʧģϸֳһ˿Цݣһǿķʽ֮󣬱ʧȥȤеУܹս޳˵Ѿһ
οнԼãҲĿʧվ˵ãҲִսһÿһԼʵ٣
仰˵֮󣬱ȥѰֲϾֲıԼҲֲܷ˼
ֲ޳һۣε̾˿
˷ɵ߿֮Уڸ߿֮ս̶ȵļٶƻ
޳еһ˲䣬ձѾ޳ı仯ߵֲʵܿó޳ʵӵʲôز𣿡
ֲЦһ˵ѾܵˣҶ޳Ȼӵôǿ˵ģʵս֮Упܻᱻ޳˲ɱ˿ûзֵأ
ôܣ
ոոշпȴߴһŮ˵
ܣ޳ɱһ벽ǿߣ
תͷȥŷݲһ£֪˾ŷֻǸоŷϵϢЩϤ
ָŷɻʵλǡǷ
ǡŷЦһԻ˵ͷòժͲʶ˰ɣ
һ»տˣָŷ˵û뵽ѪŮħժ߾ȻһŮˣ޳治ÿһŮ˶ǹɫ㡣
˵仰ʱǱźŷɫ˲÷ǳѿŻգ˵Һ޳ϵһҺ޳һϵûС


2284 ʶӡ
պֲ仰ɵһЦտ˵޳ַһˣȻһ˰
Сķп˶񾳽ߣСƾ˵Ϊǧ֮һֻӷɹ˶ܸܵõοվŷ˵仰
Ļ䣬ϵļƤˣΪŷͷųɱһûпЦӣ·ʱԼֵӣ
Ҳ֪鿪Цãæתƣʵŷ˵˵޳ɱ벽ǿܸܲ˵һ£
ŷ޳ᵽˣ֪޳˸ΣԼ޳Ҳ˵ġͷβ˵һ飬Լ֮ս޳һ¾˽ߣǰҲǽٷ֮һѡ
ЩҲûЦı飬˵ɣ
ֲͷ˵ŷ˵Ĳ٣Ҳŵ˽УһŲͼҪͷųǿɾˣ
ͬʱͣǽĿ⿴Ϸ޳ĳʲô飬ܹһ޳ֻӵʮʱô࣬Ҫǰ֮޳ǿ󵽺ֵز
ϷϢҲɢ˴ʱ˿ڿнţʵѾʼսˣʶ֮սǳ֮ȫİգȳֵǸ˱ɡ
ֲſһۣ˵ѾˣԼȴȻôôһأ
ֲۣ˵ǰ˵ٱбǿˡԲ̫޳̫ǿѾͷųˣ޳ȴΪ״̬ѲΪԼӾսʤУ
ֲǶһ۾ͷֱˣ˵޳ںսڸдһЩʲô
޳ȷǽԼһССĵôڸУǸ˵ᱻյģҪ򣬱Դ̡
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޳仰æ˵ô˵ҿҵҺִֵֻܶѣҰӦòΪɣ
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޳֮ǰоֲЩԾƬռʱֲǸܵʲôȴԼǰһҲһֲı̫˸еˣ˸еڿԻرʲô̬ҲΪֲĻرܶϵ
ֲ޳һۣ֮г˾֮ɫ˵²ã²ð
˵仰֮˶ɫܹһǿʧ룬Բ򵥡
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ʲôô˵֪Ǹ˽ʲôĿģȻҪĻ㡪޳
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츳ǿ󣬼ʱգڴ֮ʱһеķڻûгɳôܹó¶â㱩¶ǿǰ
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ȻûиܵǹϢܹʱƬռˣһǿʵ뵽˴֮һȻпҿеǸʦҿеʦһƬռȻҲǳϤ
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޳仰ɵõһѹԼŷոյԵ㱻ֲˣһƬռ޴ޱȣֲҲסһ߶ѣһǳĽ֮£һ˲佫еʶǸ𼸺ܣŶʮͬʱ֡һ˵ʶܹչ
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ֲ仰˵˲䣬˶Ĭˣǿ߽ٵƬ磬ֲסԥһµĻԼЩ˾Ϳܻᱻֲֲ
޳һߵֲѯʵǰܻصǸط𣿡
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޳ǳԾϸһ˿Цݣ˵ҿܻôⲻԼ鷳
޳Ļ׷˿Ȼ޳һˡ
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Щ˻һʱ临һǿߵĴ֮ϸˣ壡
޳˵Щ֮˶ɫԤĻǿһԤйء
ֲɫ÷ǳѿ˵ûλõ֮£Ҳ޷ѰҵǸط֮ҪѰҵʵ̫ˡҲȫûа취ҿȥϵʶǿߣֻһؾҪһµʱ䣬֪ʱǷü
޳仰ɵøе죬ǿ߶Ҫһµʱ䣬֮ľǶôңԶ
˵ͷ˵Ӧûü˵ǿҲһȥ߻ѣΪ顣


2285 Ե޷
һƬǵĿռ֮УһӰڿг֣ǰһƬѾɲĹͣڹ֮ϣһƵĵͺ޳
Ȼ޳һ֪ʱ˿һмϧ޳Ҫǰ磬ĻҸƽȻҪĻΪ˱ȫ
ΨһźԼʵûдﵽ񾳽磬һ޳ʵﵽ񾳽磬ǼҲֹԼ
ֲҲǰԶ֮⣬һȥһرһµʱ䡣
պ޳һ뿪ѾΪ޳֮һʱ˿޳ĵ˲ŷ𣬻м磬޳ߵԽǿԽ׻óɹ
Ŀǲս֮ôҪӱ
ղ֪޳ͼ֮ìܣվ޳һߣϾ⼧Ҳȥ
һ޼ʵĲԭ֮Уֻʣһ˻ﻹڻζ޳֮ǰڸԼĶȻҪЩе岻ֻ֣ܹԹ¡
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Ƭռѱ޳սĵطﻹһƬǽ壬Χһжٻʬ壬ȻѾȫȥˣɵ˳֮һƬռ֮ͻȻһɺ
֮лźɫѪ⣬£аԹаƺڲϵ׳
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仰֮ѾװͻȻһ״Ҳˣͽſһǿӿ籡;һڶһ㣬ĺתΧҲΪΡ
ĺ˿ɵһ˵ʲô˼ѲΪҽĹɱңδҲ̫˰ɣһɲҪԵĵ˭
˵仰֮󣬽ֻʲôûжãýָ˲ȴͻȻסˡ
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˵֮ǰһռ䲨ûгֱ֣뿪
磡
޳պŷžȥջЩŷﳤ˹ɫ㣬һ˼ҲѷɫȻϣ˼ȴϣ֮ǰ㿴޳ŷ֮Ĺϵˣ˱˴֮䶼˼ȴΪĳ໥֮ʼղ˺һ㴰ֽһҲ֪ŷص֮˾ͷֵˣԳʱһֱҪŷ޳һ
Ŭȫ׷ˣûЧҲͰˣڵȫԱΪֺãǵûŷ޳һ𣬷Լм
޳һߣɻ˵޳ô£ΪʲôŷѾǰˣȴһ㶼ϧ
޳仰ϲɵøֳһ˿ЦʲôѾԼǰˣŷ֮˶ŷ
Ҳýˣؿһۻգ˵ͱˣʵϾҪҲܲţҺŷԼ飬ŷôƾԼԸ
޳˵仰֮󣬻տЦһ˵ڿЦʶ޳ɲôηηȻиоǾ;Ͼǣ˵ʵҲͦĽģһǱѪĺ˵ŷȺѷɫȻټϻ˵ŷⲻǱ˶ӵе밡
޳ؿǰĻգ⻹Ǵ֮еĲϡôԼǰ޳ѾϾ˼ˣ˵ԼҲȫһЩⷽ飬Ҳڣƽ֮
תͷŻգ˵϶ͲҪ˵ˣҺŷ֮Ե޷֡
žડ
޳жڵϵתͷȥŷ﷽Žϵĳ
ŷ￴ԼĮȻڿһİһ
˵޳˼
ոæԱ߽˵Ľ͸ûôŷȫԼĶӶĮؽͷתһߣ˵Ե޷𣿡
ŷ޳˼
ε̾һûá


2286 ʦ
˶˵ʮһ׮ףɻȴϺİ£ҪҲˡ
ŷｫһתһ仰˵뿪
޳ڸʲôΪʲôֹ
޳仰˫۾żεĿŻգͬոսƣ벻ǰżĻգŻջΪԼˣԲŻôŵġǿһ˿ЦݣԻ˵ģŷһǿߣ뿪Ҳµġ
պɸֵ̾һżԤʵ˵ڵģ
ͣǰ·˲û߶೤ʱӿܵڿдһȺǿϢϢ֮еÿһ˶ﵽ۷ľ磬һˣǶڳžȥ
պ޳дŲĶһۣӱ˴˵֮жܵ޳ֱ˵ô£ôо嶼Ѿһˣ
޳仰ڿЦԸܵȺ֮дڱ˺ͻˣϢҲмеϤȻ
Դӱչؽ֮Ҳûֹ޳ѯȫڰ׷ѹ
պ޳һۣ˵ȥ̸
޳룬ǲĺǱߵİοǿ˵ȥ飬ȥ˼ȴӻҹ۲쾩ڵ״ڰбͻˡ
޳û뿪һԭǱǻѾ뿪̫ˣʮδôʱ뿪ᣬǣ֣Ȼû˵ɴ֮Уκ˶Կ
޳˵仰ɵһ£һ˵ǺðɣȻһȺ֮ûĶ֣㻹ҪСһЩǧҪŭȾǿʵô֮ҲʩչпܲЩ˵Ķ֡
޳˵ͷʾԼѾεĿ޳һۣһռͨʧ
޳ûΪյ뿪ŰķɣǱøӽһ۴ϣԼڵѸʧٶ֮Щǿ߶޷ܵ޳ϵϢ
޳ûȫԼϢأǿ¶һЩ˾Ͳѽ޳ϳ
ȻûнϢͷųǽԼϵͷųһЩ˷Լ֮ǰԶٵһᣡ
޳֮ŷһȺ֮в˶۷ߣߣȻ޳ûм֮ǰκͲкֲӴӵеϢѷֱǿߣһˡ
޳ܵһ֮ϲֳһ˿Цݡ
ٸǿ߳ǰȥʱͻȻȺ֮е۾Ǳ˴˶һۣһȵ˭
˽仰˵֮һ˶ʱ
ô£
Ѳŷ֪ǵļƻӱǣ
ôܣƻֻеԼ˲Ż֪˵˶˶٣һƮȥŲƵ˵Щ˶ƭˣνĽ˸ǼٵģҪ֮Уŷ߽ˣ
۾һֱڿһˣȻָɶԷҲǳصģһҪ׽ҿĹ
޳ȻûмУ˵ԹάһͿ߽⡣ʱԵóǿߵˡһԼϢͷųЩһͺȣе˲סһķһߺҲ˵
һ˴ʱ˿Ѿ޳ǰ˵ΪʵǿϺŷһˮƽġ
޳ǰ֮ϵ˲佫޳޳˵ôĵӾȻһ˳
޳¶ֵ̿ɫǰ˵ǰ˵ʲôһֱһȫ˵仰ʲô˼
ףΪĸˣ
ʦУ
޳֪˼ȻˣһʶֲУϾ߳ͬһ޳˵仰֮˱޳˻ɣ˵֮Щɾȫˣǿзǳ˾ϲ
˻棬еĵӣ
޳ɫ΢֪ԼļƻѾɹˡ֮˷ܣעĵ㲢ԼҲͬ۷ΪУǱĿ缫ߵֲ
޳֪Լ˵֮˾ѾʼԼˣΪ˸Լ޳ȻҪ¶һ֡
һϢһ죬˲佫ǿ߸
ǿ߸տʼΪ޳Լ˷еɽܵԼϵķǼǰмʱĹ
һĻ֮󣬱㳹׵޳
ԭʦͽܣôһ²ʦ𣿡
޳֮Цֲ֪ıָߣȴû뵽ԼҲմֲĹ⡣
ڱӣԾ޳ܣȴûа취ƴǣټԼ˵һҲ͸Ĭ
޳ûпڣ߼˵ʦ壬ȥʦү棬ʦүһֱʥ֮бܶ⵽Ϊʲô
˵仰֮ɫмѿ˵ʦ岻Ը˵鵹Ҳ޷ž޴ΣƾЩ˸ס
޳˵ĻжʱˣЩ֮һֱȥֲİȴûеõٲĻظΪԼһƬ֮ȴԼôԼƫƫЩʱ
˲ԹɫĹȻ޳֮ɻʵ֪Եɣ
޳˵ͷ˵廹ǲȥʥ˵ĻȰǻˣ
ˣΪʲô
ΪֲǰѾʥ֮ˣ˵ٵΣǰؼֱǾţһë
޳˵仰֮ȫסˣٵΣǾţһëĻֲǶôĿ£
޳ĵ˵һ֪ģոҪѯ޳ʱȴ޳ѿɫ
һ˼ˣ֪Թɫ֪ʲôʣʲô鲻ʡͣȴͻȻһ飬޳ʵʦ壬Ӧôƺ㣿
޳仰ɵһ£ϵѾùһˣݵĻȻʣ룬˵ͽҹŸɣҪʦ壬ʦĽˣ
֮ϴЦ˵Ÿʦ壬ز֮ͻ綼֪ġ


2287 ǱΪ飿
޳仰ɵӲһ£֪ĻΪǰвԼأ
޳Ѿ̫γĸоˣһùŸݣɲǳʲô鷳װڲŷǰһȺˣ˵ˣΪʲôôˣѲɷʲô𣿡
Ÿʦո鲢Ѿˣ֮£ƶ嶼Ա˵ʵʦ̫ʱˡ
޳仰ɵóһ˵ԭˣǲһ޳ˣ
޳ԼʱԱɫ޳˵ȷôһˣʦ޳ʲô𣿡
޳ԼֽҪ֪Щ˶޳̬ȶѣɿǰˣƺ޳رĵӡ
޳Լ󣬸æ˵ҲûʲôҪ飬˵޳Ϊǿ۷ߣҪԼ֣
޳˵ϸֳһ˿Ц˵ʦȰ㻹ǲҪˣ
Ϊʲô
޳ȷһţκ˲õˣһȺ񾳽ǿ׷ɱ޳ǱɡʱѾû޳Ϣˣഫ޳Ū˱˼С㻹л˼ŷ˵ĸ飬֮һҲΪ޳Եʣ
޳ЩʱеһȻ˵ԼŪЩ˵ĸ飬ֱǰŪǷǣ
˸ܵ޳ͷųһ˿ŭ⣬ʵʦ壬ôˣ
ûûʲô
޳̾˿˵ϧˣ
˸ոҪ޳뿪տʼȴһ⣬תͷ޳˵ʦҲ۷ĳ̶Ȱɣ̤۷ľ磬ȴֻٳٲͻƣ
û
ʦʦȡ
޳˼˵ҴѾԳʦˣ
˵仰֮ȫȵĴסˣճյ޳죬ֱ޳ɿһ˲ŷӦ޳һȺ֮С
Ȼ޳ͬʱЩҲע⵽ˣһ˳Ծǿߣ˶޳˾衣
ֳ壬˴ʲô˼
޳֮󣬽ԼеϣֳϡһȺ֮ԼҼԼ˻һǶԼӡ̣޳뾡һа취Լݡ
ǿΪֳ壬ǿΪ챦ҹ壬˵Ϣ޼Ҳ࣬ӱ˴֮Ѿʶܳʱˡ
ֳܵΧЩĿ⣬æ˵Ҳõģּҵʦ壬ʵǿһȫΪ˰ǣҪΪ御һ
ĽȻûʲôãЩǽĿ޳Ϊֳﻤ޳ЩҲûбҪһ񾳽ǿߵ鷳Ҳͽѹ£û˵ʲô
챦ʶ޳̽һ飬޳ʵñ̽鵽Ϣñ̽鵽ȻҪأվǰǿҲ֣
챦̾һոҪ˵Щʲôȴֳһԡ
ֳ˽º챦˵Щʲô˵֮챦ٴο޳ùˡ
ԭǹŸ裬ʧʧ
޳챦ʴڨɵøеһµĸо
Щ˱޳˵⣬ɿ챦޳ˣЩ˻ʲôʸɡ
Щ֮У޳Ѿڵľƣ⼧ŷ֣Ū췭ظ⼧ŷЩ˭û뵽ģʮʱǾͽˡ
ھ֮Щ岻ԼͬһһԿŷڵǾɼƻȴƳȥȻлŷͼһֻ
һ⣬ʵʲôû֪
⼧Ƿˣ
޳Щɵզ̾һ仰˲˵Ĺһ˭û뵽Ȼô
ֵܣ仰˵Ĳʲôģһοļʶˣ⼧绹ڷϺŷ֮Ĺϵ֮ûϵĻ˻ֶԸ壿
˵ûֱǱΪ飡
޳һЩ˵ĻҲͦζģϾ⼧ǺĸףҲԼĸ
ѾԼ˵ˣɻǱЩ˸ˡ
ιŸղϢΪʲô˼٣˵һЩĻ𣿡
Ÿ仰󣬸æҡҡͷ˵ûУҸղֻ֮вһʧѡ
ЩҲûзϣЩг̵һС֮УʱϢ
ЩΪʵ϶һЩ޹ؽҪǿҲһǲΪעģҲΪܸһֳ䲻ĸо
޳Щͬס죬ʱ֮Ѿ˽ÿһ˵ʵ˵ʵ޳Щʧͬ۷ǿߣߺ֮޴һٸֻԼΪ߾ͿԽЩ˵Ķֻ޳ԼǾ͸ɣ޳һһȺĴһȺߣһȺ˼һ룬ȫɵĽЩ˸ɱ
ǰľƺڣ̾һ鲻ԽижûпͷųҲûпԵ
һ˲䣬֮ԣһۿɼתһС֣ط򣬶Χ޳תʱ޳ʹá
һε޳ɢ޳һȴͬһ㣬Ŀд
ΧҲΪ޳еȣֳ޳ǰǰɢŵâ޳˵ʦ壬ǲͻƣҪҪҸ㻤
޳۾һ޳۾֮Χı仯޳ѹ֮˲ʧֳվԼǰɵһЦ˵ûУֻһʱǿϢѡ
Ͼ޳ոôĲЩ˱˴˶һۣ֮жеľȣ޳ǽֳ֪ʦ壬ֳڽʱһĿǰ۷徳֮ǿһˣЩ˭ûн仰ϣϾ۷֮лһ޳޳֮ǰô˵Ÿ۷ǿˡ
Ǹܵ޳ʱ˿̵ڿʼǰĹŸ迪ʼЩ֮Ȼʶ޳Ҳ֪޳ϢʵΪ޳ʵ̫ˣϵϢͲ޴ı仯Щ˵Ǹܵ޳Ϣܽ޳ϳоϤѡ


2288 ħţ
Ÿֵܺʵ
ڲԶһþ޴Ĵ󺺿޳ϳս壬һ֮ž޴
ףϼʵĿ¡
һһÿһýµĿѿ·޷Ҳ֪ʹǱˡ
˵仰ֳ֮ɫѿ޳ʦ壬ǰȴ޳֮Ϊֵܣ⻹ⶼռıˡ
ֳ˵ʲô˼
⽯һˣΧ˶֮ռֳıˣһǿЦݣϿпߡ
Ÿֵ֮Ҳɽ¶ˮҪǲ¶һֻᱻƲģҾ̽һ¹Ÿʵ
ʦֵ̽ģ£
ȻֳŹŸʵ⽯ѾѾã۷徳ν޵еĴڣĻҲҪѷɫԲ١޳ոһвϤóȻ޳Կ
ȻԿһС£ӹؼӣ޳ܣ罫ᴫĳ߱Դܣ⽫ܴĲӰ졣
ֳĹ˼˲Ѳµ⽯Ȼеɵʵȷʵǿ˳ǿ֮⣬ûԸս
Щãǰֳ壬˵㲻ŹŸֵܵʵڽʱͲҪ˵ʵ۷徳ǿģҺսȴⲻԼԼ𣿡
Խ仰˵˶ɫ⽯ԿҲи޶Ȱɣ
ֳϵɱ˲ͷųɱ˵˵ʲô
һȻҲ֪ԼʲôոҪ˵ЩûȴȴԼǰôһ
ȻҪսҲƺЩʣͽˣ
ֳ忴޳Ѿվ˳ϴżЦ˵ʦ壬ֽѵУ
Ȼû˵ʲô˵仰Ǹˣ⽯ɱɱӹؼɱӺ
޳ѾǱȽϸߴ󣬿ڽԵǰͷ̫Сˡ
Կ޳սˣһЦ޳˵أ
Ը㣬һҪʹ
޳赭дվڿҲһӣȻǲûнԸϡ
ֳ忴ӣа̾Ҳ˲ԼݣԶԶض޳к˵ʦ壬ҪСƽԵɽĴӾͰ֮أСﲻá
ֳھ޳ϸֳһ˿Цݣ˵սʼ֮Žе̫𣿡
˵仰㽫ԼϵĴӳ޳ͷкȥⱾͰֵĴټϽԵһԴﵽڶ֣ΧĿռ䶼һѹ
޳վԭزǿɵһ㣬Щ˿޳ıֲɵÿЦһŸղűֵǿѵװǻƣΪʲôԹ֮ȴȫԭأǱŴ
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֮ʹȻ粢ôΪ֪ϵͬԴκʹö֤˵ǿ󣬶֮ʹҲһ
κǶԵȵģȻ޳ܹ˵򲻹޳
һѣͽԸˣЩ˵֮жŵɫⲢûȫ
ͻȻ֮䣬ӽϴһŭͬڿըһ㣬⽯Ե˲ͬһ޴ţһ㡣
ħţ
Щ˶ʶģĽԣǼħţҲڴ˵֮гֹ˭û뵽⽯ԵĿȻǿ
⼫ħţȻʵĴЩޣ˸е־ģЩ˺ѽԵӺͼħţϵԵ˿һĻ֮˶סˡ
𣡡
ڼħţʱ޳ʹõ֮Ҳ֮󣬿һε֮ȴûнħţסڼħţһ֮У֮Ӳĸ忪һϸŽһľ޴ݺݵس޳ߺ
޳Ҳû뵽Ȼֱᷢ仯Ѹٺ󳷣һ˲׸߿֮Уûκεͣ⼫ħţûзӦ֮ǰӿһųżħţȥֻ¡һ죬ħţݺݵڵϣһ˲䣬ɽݻˡ
˱ΪڽԻ֮зתȴû뵽Ȼֽ֣˶Ŀɿڴ
޳Ҳеһȣ⼫ħţڳԼһ֮ȻµվҲ
⼫ħţķǿ󣬶Ϊıǽԣ޳Ҳûº֣һ֮һûһ㣬Ӳ֮һ״̬
챦ֳǰֳ˵ʲôʱ˶ǻõ𣿡
ֳ챦Ľǲɵ¶һ˿ЦݣϴӦţʵҲǰ֪ŹŸˡ
տʼ͹ŸһμʱŸԼ޳ϢõĹŸڿڿȴԼС˶Է
޳ڿսͻȻ֮ܵһɲϢɫʱ仯
˳ˣһǼ񾳽ǿߣ
޳Χһۣ⼸˴ճЩѾǳˣǱȻЩûйϵпǳС
Ϊʲôᳯ߸
޳֪ȥᱻЩһ򾡵ģǰƺƴļħţ֮Ѿ¶Ҫ
޳ûߵļħţǶΧ˵˵ڸղҸܵһǿ߸ϹҹŷǱߵˣҺͽԽЩ˸
޳˵仰֮˶еԾȻ޳ҪЩ˸һ֮г˸м
ħţȻֻ֪֮һ޳鷳֪ԼѾ޳ˡ
޳һӲԶ֣⼫ħţΪ޳Ҫܣæ׷ȥ֮޳ͼħţ㳹ʧ
ЩȻûиܵɶ޳˵ǵӣЩ˱Ŷ޳һ˿νԼϢضһС֮УһᣬϿձ㴫˾޴ѹЩֻһʮˣʮ˵ʵԼһٸȻҪǿ
ǿЩ֮󣬴ʱ˿̲Լո޳ľǶôˣһһᱻЩһ򾡵ġ


2289 
رŷС㣬ֻһߣ
ŷüһ壬˫Ŀ֮ͷų˿ɱȻǿͷųļ˿ɱҲܹܵģǰڻ㱨֮ɫ˲ѿΪһ۷ǿȴһϥǹŷǰŷ˵ŷС
ŷĵؿһˣ·𵥵ǿ˾Լһ˵Ҳټ㣡
Ϊȴٴ⣬˷֮ɫ
˲ŷȴúܣŷոʱ˶ڳЦŷЩ˶ΪŷŷǰʧˣͿԶŷΪհĽǣԼ
ʮ۷ǿһ˲ɥʧŷ𿴼ŷô֮ȴûһֵ˼ǿŷԵ÷ǳˣŸŷӷϴ
Щ֮һǴ֮ǰһֱŷŷ𣬶֮Ĺϵ鴫ȥ֮ǰ鴫ȥ֮ȫûκα仯
ŷŸտʼŷĳѾ¶ģŷԼһߣôͻֱӷŷ𣬿ȴûзŷƺںĴԣֻ֮һ飬ǱûС
ŷǼɵҵģѾ֮ϳ˷ܵĹâĴЦãҵ磬ҿɲڱ˵У
ûжŷֵľٶŷϤһ״֮󣬱㽫ŷﵱһĸһȺƵԼ󹥻ˡ
ŷЩеĵλѸʵǣܿ˱ŷﻹŷΪµŮˡ
ŷһƬУԶԶſо޴Ĺ֮¶˿ɫûмһȴܴһϸܵһ˿ϤϢ
⼫ħţôûҲܹܵǿߵǿŷǰ˲Ӳһţħһ˳Сţӡ
ڲ֪ʲôԼ֮ǰ͹ŸսһŸ㲻ˣŮ˳
⽯ԲʶŷҲܹܵŷϵǿϢɲһŮܹӵеġ
ŷ￴ɻ˵ôֻһˣأҵĻҿ㲻
⽯ԵҲŷвûнЩ˵ٸ¶ǲ˵Һεӣģ׽ŷŭˣϳһӣӾôһȣ޴֮б
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⽯ԿԼǶԷĶ֣ɵһŭ֮·Ϊ֮ǳȥĻҲͣһ£ͣһ˲ѣ޴ͽɡ
޳ӻȥܵڽԵŭ֮ʱӲɵͣסˣȥɿĽһƬ𺣶ѡ
Ϣ޳ǷǳϤϢ˲ŷ˭

Ӣѹ˹أ޳ΪԼŷѹϵƺˡ
޳Ҳɶѣ֪۷ǿߵǿ֪ŷǿԲͣ
Щ˶żĵȴ޳ϢȻ޳֮Щ˲ɵסˣ˵Ÿ裬ôһ˻ˣ
Щ˶Ƕ˾޳ҲûбҪԼϾЩ˶ܹ⡣Щ֪޳Ը֮󣬲Ҫ޳Ƕ޳ӹ֣Ͼ˻쵽ֵزȫ޶ɷ
ֳ޳ǰʵ޳˵֪֪Щ˭Ÿһ£
Ϊ׵ǿߣʵǶ˲ࡣʣ߰˸۷ǿߣʵӦöҪȽǿ󣡡
Щ޳˵ʱɫ⽯ȻɵʵԼһȺ֮ȷȷʵʵһ֣ܹǽԶֵ˻޼ЩҪҵԼ
޳һ֪ŷǱߵǿһҵˣȻ֪ҽЩ˰ŵʲô˼ŷΪһұ޳취ֹ
ЩһΪѵӣͬԤһһսʼĻԼһƱػܵдʱ˵ǴӱˣֻʣµȥҲġ
ô죡
Щһ϶ֳΪѵɫϾԼȥĻЩûһĸԸôġ
Ⱥ֮Ҳż֮ˣһն󵶵վк˵ʲôµģҾɱ
ͽһˣı
ʱ޳ˡ
Ͼ۱֣޳Щ֮бģҲ޳Щ˸ʱѣ޳һڣЩȻὫע޳ϣЩ˿޳ʵŸֵʲô⣡
ֳ忴޳ʱ򿪿˵
ﵹһƲߣ֪вУ
Щһ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ޳Ȼ޳ܿвУȽƲ߸˵
Էֻ񾳽ǿߣҲһҶĹ۲죬ӲӲĻֳʦֶ챦вģҪܣŷҲûа취
˶ʱɫŴĴڣ޳ǾһӱΪǰᣬⲻǶǵ裬ҲǶЩ衣
޳Ȼûаѻ˵꣬ҲͲû̷
ⲢǵС̲ʵǶ˽񾳽ǿ߲סУʣǼ˶ԸͿˣ
Щ֮ٴαɫ޳֮ǰ˵Щ˵ʵ޳Ҳһ۷ߣһôܹԸôˡ
ֳҲͬ⣬޳ʵѾˣܹеϼ壬⽫Ϊ֮Ϊǿôܹδϣյ˺
򲻿ɣʦ壬ҲûİȫҪǾԲȥðյģ
Щ˿޳Ŀ֮ж˾⣬ܹڴǴǰȡ֮ˣѾټˣ˵޳ǿѾˣһ罫һ޴ʧ
Ÿ裬취Ϊð
Ÿǰ˼
һȺ˲ǲ嶼ڸŸ˵һĻʵ
Ÿ貢û˶ı⣬ⳡս֮лĽһȺ˸ԶԶأЩȴôνʲô壬ֻΪЧĽʡߵѣҲ˶ѡ
üͷһ壬Щ˵ͲҪˣ˵ʵǱʵð취ǽЩ˦ȥǻϣ


2290 ٴ
޳Ѿô˵ˣЩҲûа취ֻغϡ˱ǳ޳ɵ޳֮ǵ½֣Щ֮ǰѾʶ޳ʵ
Щ֮󣬾ͷ׷뿪ֻʣ޳
ʦ壬Ҫ𣿡
δԵ̫ɵˣһǱԸЩ˵ϢЩ˵٣ʱһвð׷𣿡
ֳ޳Ļɫ÷ǳѿż˵ڱʹƣҪԼǰ鷳ⲻǺûʲô𣿡
ԹҲֳֻһ˶ѣǸ˵Ǻ֧޳ľ
֮ǰû޳˵ӵŷŷʵȷǿ󣬿۷ʱ̤񾳽೤ʱ䣬ŷﵽŶ೤ʱ䣬ʵܹǿȥ
˵ĵҲʵֳ仰Ҳĺܶ࣬޳˿ûиı˼ǵ˵ͷ˵Ǻðɣ
ŷЩѰ˵ټʱһɫӰӳŷߣӰرһ״ŷ˵ѸٽӽӦô
ŷ仰ԸгԾʵ˵ȷѸٵĽӽѸٵ
˲κθĵ˵ͷŷҲ⣬Ļ˻֣˱ʧڿС
޳˵ĵڶǿߡ
ܿ죬ŷҲܵϢѸٿɱڣŷ￴һĻǲɵøֳһ˿Ц⵱̤Ьٴȫѹɱ񾳽ǿߣЩǿȴ
ϵЦݲûдڶãɫѿԶԶı㿴Ӱ߷Ȼȥȴֻܵ˵Ĵڡ
ѾԤеǸ˭ˣȴٳٲţ˽Ƿֿѣּˣһμ滹˴һ෴Ӫ֮У³ͽֻ֣ܿЦһ
޳֮޳òڶ֮Уŷһ۾ͽ޳ϳˣŷ￴޳һٵӣǸֳһ˿Цݡ
漴ŷˣԭ޳ҪĲԼΧˡ֮ǰ޳Լʱʹù֡
ϢѾϱ޳ȻϵݲˣǸֳһ˿Цݣ˵һҵҪ㻹ܸԼһʲôݣ
ȻŷЩҲûСϾȥ޳֮⣬ﻹǿߣ˫ĲսĻ˭Ӯ˭仹һأ
ŷֳ嵹ҲʶϾ˶Ĵ֮һһԱŷǺ˲ʶֳȻûΪ˴Ҳѭ浸أʵ֮ҲһĿڱ
һΪ˭أԭǰǰھҸ̸УǶôǰܳˣ
ŷŷҰĲŵ粻ðЩ˼㱾Ӧü֮ϻ
ŷ仰ϸֳ֮ɫ
Ϊƾ񾳽ߣһ۷˾ͿԴδҲ̫˰ɣ
ֳԷԼɵ÷һߣ˵ôֲ˵һѣҰ֮󡣡
ֳ˵֮󣬾޳Ҳɫ޳ߵֳ壬˵˵ʲô
ʦ֪ܲŷԼ׸ŷһȣʱ޳֮ҲѰζľеѰζ㰡
ֳ˵֮󣬱ܵ޳ϵɱһ˲͸оԼһ㡣Ϊʲô޳ŷͷ˰Ҳ벻ףȷһ飬Ǳǰ޳ǧŷ
ֳ˵Щʲôȴߵ챦ס챦С˵ŮӢǺһ飬ӢҲѹ˹أȰ㻹ǲҪ˵ЩʲôŸķУʱˮһգǹŸҲ͵ˡ
ֳ˵ܣŸ費ˣǸܵŸղŵɱƺΪŷ
޳ǿнԼŭѹȥŷȴУŷôԼʱɫ˫ĿŭĿ޳·Թ޳һжûС
ô޳޳һжûУ޳ˡ

ŷһȣһ˲䣬޴Ļʳأڻ֮жʱеһƬȣ·ǰж黯һ㡣
еҲҲڻ֮ˣ˼ȴȫ޳ϣı޳ȫβԼ
ʦ壬Ͽ뿪
ŷн޳֮Ϊʦ壬ɵøеһЦİֳ֣ıֺԼĸƽƽĻ޳ġ
뵽ˣ¶һ˿ŭɫԼܿѵʱ޳ȴ˹ĳ֮Ϊʦ塣
Щ۷ǿ˵׷ǸˣƷҪɱȻҵǰ𣿡
ˣ
ЩѸٳ޳Ǳ߳ȥ޳ҪʤһЩһֱһԶľ룬ܹԼԼӳĹΧ֮ڡ
޳ĿľǴԶǾŵǱߵս޳ЩԶĵط֮󣬲ŽŲͣ
ͣˣȻĻǻ浣Ļץأ
޳Щ˵ӣһ˵ֻ¾ǵȵҲк鷢û뵽ǾȻôϲ
޳仰Ϊἤǵŭû뵽Щ˾ȻȫںһƺЩ˶ͷˣȻʵҲЩ֮ʵǿһߵ˵Ƕ֮ǰŷүѾ˵ˣŷСʱһҪЩ˸ɱŷС飬ҲҪɱǣ
仰˵֮ʿ佫Լͷųɾ޴֮ûκεֱͣӳ޳ȥ
ɭ󣡡
ľϵߣһ˲Ӵ޳֣޳ԼеֵȴȫһЧûУ
޳֮ʱɫΪԼĽϵȻһöûзӳ
ף
һзӳ֮˽ںһУľϢƣһ˲÷ǳǿɫĻ˲佫޳ɣ޳ԼĽ޸ͷųҲһ˲Ĺǽ޽űһ̲ˮ
޳ȵؿһĻϵĻһı䵭ʧ٣޳峹ʧڻ֮У


2291 
޳Ϣ֣ЩҲжϣǿ޳ݻ֮УȻϢҲڽʧһ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ˮƽǵֱֿ֣ԡ
Ҳ֪ŷүΪʲôҪɱΪ֮һҲܶԸ
Ͼǳ֮ɫɾ֮ʱɫȴ͵ط仯ΪܵһǿϢǱ߽γɣǱճɫҲط仯Ͽսɺɫ
ǻ潥ʧмγһУΧһսȥЩ˿һĻ׷ױɫ
޳ķ컯һлϵı棬ǻϵߵϹڷ컯ǰôЩ˷
޳һΧγеĻ˲ɢ޴ΧһУⱾͷǳǿĻǿʮձһƬ𺣣ڻ֮ԿϿѵĿռ䡣
Щ˵ķӦҲһʱɵ֮ϣ·ãã𺣣ڻ֮͸¶ģڶܹܵõľ޴ƣһ𾪵·˵۷ǽϵΪʲôܹջԪأ
˽仰˵֮˶ɫΪЩ˶ͬʱ뵽һˡ޳
ٿվڻ֮еǸˣΧķԪضڲΧתʱ˿̾ⷽռˡڴˣЩôܹ
ЩѾ޳ݣǿļ֣޳Ȼ⣬ʵǷɱϾҲѰһ۷ľ֮ʱʵŷЩ˵ʵԶԶŷ֮ǰʵЩ˶޳η塣
֮໥һۣһǿӱ˴˵ɢЩȻǳһɣɱ˴֮Ĭʮ㣬ɼŷ˲Żһ֡
޳а̾ŷ𣬽ǶǰЩ˵ʵеижѡ
֮ǰоԼܲЩ˵Ķ֣뷨øԸнϾԼﱻסŷҹ˻Ǹǿҹ鷳ˡ
һȣʱ֮ϣͬʱԼͷųڱЭ֮޳κε˺
һȣһ˲ȫʧЩĻ˲һ׶Щ׶ѿ˲䷢ȥһ׶ͬһ㣬Щ˿治СЩ˽ͷųĳ޳ȥңյӣӿȴ޴ĺ֮Ȼѩӿ£ĶͯͷϵſУѩˣȻѩˣ
޳һ֮ЩסɫѿǰһɫӰӣӰڳ֮ڲϵĶѡ
һƹâѵķ϶֮з˳ǿ˾ηͬһ㣬ǿֱӴ޳ϣ޳ݺݵغ£涼תˡ
Щ˱˴˶һۣȻЩĿǰϻĬĬţһ޳ԼЩϣһȥ֮Ǳ˾֪ν˫ա
ˣЩǾԲܽ޳Ź
ɱ
Щһ󺰴ӿг޳ҲӵվϷˣһϢԼϣʹԼǿ似ĿľΪ˽Լ¡һĻУһǳһ˿Цݣһ˿۾֮г֣˵ҵҪ춼ңЩܹҸɱ
䣬㱻һĺըһƬ½֮УȴӲըһ󺣡
Щ֮д·˵ôܣôܣ
ǹȥ˲䣬޳ȴ˲ʧ˭벻״
ʱ˿̣޳ȴĿг֣޳гһѹֱӴӺĵǵϡ

޳˵仰ʱû˿ĿӴ˲䱬ͷųҫ۹âԡ
䵽޳Ȼһ·ûˣŻֲסһ˲䣬ɢ֮ʬ嶼û£޳ûκεͣղܹȫΪ͵ϮȻԼѹС˺ܶ࣬ЩսҲʤ㣬ս˷ʱ䡣
޳һ֮뿪ٶȵƣٿԡ
ոҪ뿪ȴܵԼǰһɾ޴֮£ռͬ޵һ㣬һǡ
Ⲣһһǳǿķ
޳ҵҪӵȥ
޳һ˵޳仰֮ɫʱ仯û뵽ЩѾ֪ԼݡҲãԼԼˣ
ſеأɷ򹹳ɣǿھ޳ҲûаԼĹķƣͻƷ
֮ж˼ּɵ֮ɫûͣϵĶһβûʹÿʽʹñ֮Ȼһ֣ǻϵһĿǡ
ź¡һվѿһ㡣ǻͬһһ޳ΧҲ״ʾ޳ٶĻ޷ʱ˿̵ľơ
ɶ񣬾Ȼô졣޳һĻɵý
һɰܾڴһˡ
ϵĺսꪴӿһһɫ˲䵯ȥݺݵײϣ̶Ҳ֮޳ɫһ䣬ԼͷųԼ֧Χ
Щ޳ǰ޳ȻǱסˣǷǳǿģЩ˲óȻ
޳û뵽Լнɣ
Ⱥ˿޳ȴһЧûУϲֳЦݡһ˽Լȫŵȭͷϣݺݵؽȭͷ˦ȥžһһȭȻĴ޳ϡ
޳һȭ߻أȻʵǿǴﵽһ־˵ĵز˱Ͼһʵǿߡ
оԼ°ͶɶˣȻгŭȴһ취ûУҪȥֻʹóʽǿʹó彫𣬾ĵطҲûаڶʱ֮ڿԻָڻûеһڹؼʱʹóġ
֮ǰôŷ֮ǰЩ˦Ժ֮иֵȴŷŷĻǲɱԼġ
ţǶ֮ǰһ󣡡
ʲô󣿡
Ҽŷһ棬֪ǰҸɱһǵģ
޳в˵


2292 
Щ޳һȺЦһţ·ЦЦ
һ˶޳˵ҪŷС𣿡
û
Щһ¶ĵ飬ǲûб޳Ļŵ޳޳е
ʵŷһûɱҰɣǽɱˣ˭Ҳȥ
ΪԽߵԽϧرЩ۷ߣһ񾳽磬ûлͻƣľھǣҪ޳ôǿ߶ǰһȺȴЩ֣ƺԼвһԼӡ
Щ˿޳ǳȵѾǳˣǶ޳˵ŷȷ˵ץסУȥŷү֮ǰѾ˵һŷˣͱ뽫ɱǣǻŷ𣿡
˵ǽɱˣһ£ǼԶŷܶǳ֣
Щһһͺгһ㣬ȫ޳в
޳ЩɫɵѿոҪԼĵʽͷųȴһȭͷϡ
ЩȻĶ޳֣벻޳ʵȻǿǽͷų似ûʹãǻܳô˵Ĺ
Щһ֮¶ȵɫ·˵޳ǲһ۷ߣʵȻǿֵز
Ȼһ־ͽֵ췭ظ޳һҵҪǿȶôǿܲܵסҵһ
˵֮󣬿бûЩڿƮת֮ͷųһ˿ɫЩ˲䳯޳ȥȫ޳֮С
ȫû֮ûĳʱʧ޳֮ϳ߰˸ѪȻȥȴ޳˶ˡ
޳Ѫ޳ѪǰɫģΪѪ˲䣬ЩȫסˣƾЩ˼ʶ㣬ӵѪҺǻûм޳Ѫ֮󲢷ǵڵϣǳǰ֮ȫûɢڿС
ǰɫѪƯڿƮʱϣڱѪҺʱ˲һ£Щ˶ע⵽ˣһĲţѯʵô£㻹ܼ𣿡
Ȼɫ࣬ߵк֮ɫø֣Щ˵ɱ޳޳ɢһֵҵĶĿȨ־̫ǿˣҲ񾳽磬Ҹֲ˶೤ʱ䡣
Щ仰֮һ¶ȵɫǿǰһϢ޳޳ѾܲһΣյϢ˵ʱ˿̵޳Ѿһˣôͷųôǿ
Ҳ˵ѻĸ˽ԼͷųЩÿһܹ޳ɱοĸһʹã޳νǱɡ
޳ԼʧȥϣϾ֮ǿ޳Ҳûаֿܹ˵Լһǿߵ־ڣ޳Ҳȫܲ
ѲҪˣ
ಡ
Щ޳߳˹޳Ҳϵı۾¡һԼĶ߱ըӴ޳еļ£һĸ
ⱬըȴ޳ûʲôӰ죬۾ΧһƬ磬Լ֮ȴûаӰ죬Χһ͸ĶԼʲô޳Ҳ֪

͡
޳ЦݣתͷȥһŽѾӵŮǰĳÿԴӤʵСһ£һ˫۾ЦĿ޳ڶ޳˵һ󱿵
޳ô˵Լɵøеһ
ǣ
ҽֻض飡
޳ҽܣԾ°ͶҪˡֻض˵ֻضô
޳ԼΨһһνӴֻضʱΪԼ˻þʵǾֻض
ԼĴڼ򵥵Ľһ£ʱҪ߻Ҫݣȴû޳ûнЩΪ˵Ļ޳֮ǰˡ޳һʹʱԼ޳ô֮޳ȴһֱ֪Ĵڡ
޳֮һ˿֮ɫϲɵøֳЦݣ˵ʵע⻹ûע⵽ҶνܹѾܿˣܴϸܵĪĴ֮ĻҲܳҵ
޳仰ɵһ£ǰ֮г˾ȡ̽Եʵ֪֮еĴ֮Ǵ𣿡
һ˵ʲô֪ģĺսꪣֻضаϣﵽ񾳽֮ѧմ֮Ͷ֮䶼ԣһռ䣬֮㴩󣬾ֹܹ㣬Ҳ֮١
޳˵仰ͺڸԼǿǿһ㣬һЦʱ֮ͽ仰ġ
޳Ӳ˵ͷ˵ܺã
Ȼֻض飬޳𵱳ԼԺ֮еĴֻҲиӡѣȴǵòôС
ֻ֪𣿡
仰֮ɫ÷ǳѿ˵ô֪
ŵʵ޳֮г˾ȣ޳Цһ˵ѵӦ֪𣿡
ģֻӦðֻض㣬˭뵽ϳ⣬ʵûдﵽ񾳽磬ʹô֮óȻĽֻٺһ
ҵǿԽҵһʱƿߣҿԿߵʱţתڵʱ䡣
Ȼû˵ôãɵ޳ϵ飬ʱҪʹóһҪ۵ġ
ȷˣܹʱӵô᲻һЩۡ
޳뵽֮󣬲ɵˮ¹似ӵԤԵǲҲǴ֮һأ
ƺ޳뷨֪޳֮Ǹֳһ˿Цݣ̾˵û뵽֮лԤԤˣԿһ˵δԸıһ˵δ
޳仰֮ٴһĿı飡
ЦЦȻ޳˵Ⱦȥ


2293 Ÿ赽
޳Ļɵøе죬˵仰·ʲôģոҪѯʲôԭأ㿴Уͬʱɢǿɢ˲䣬Χһжֻض滹ֻض档
⽫˸ǳһ˲Ĺһ㴫һ޴ıը죬·Ҫһж͸һ㣬ֻ¡һըϿվȻһ޴Ŀռѷ죬Χſռѷ֮ȥ޳ɫøѿΪȫûи㶮ʱ˿̵״ֱӱӵռ֮޽֮С
޽Ҳ޳ѧģ޳Ҳǵһ޽磬һ̤ռѷ֮У޽֮жȹ޾£ֱ޳֪޽֮вûʱʧʱʧ򱶣޳ܹ֮޳ɵ˼з֮Уһ·޳һ¡
Щ뿪֮ٳȥɫ԰ףҵ˵˴ֻ֮⣬һҶԽ㡣
޳˵ͷ˵ʱµĹҲһ˷ѣԼʵ
ҿԽֻض㣬Щ㹻һʱġ
磬һըˣϾһ˵ݣ·类˴мһӡ
ЩҪɱ޳ЩֻһһΪ޳ɵʹ֮ǰӵԶԶġЩ֮Ҳֻһ˻
֮ŷǰľ޴Ŀռ©ϳ˾֮ɫΧȥȴ޳Ӱʵˣ˵޳أأ
ǲŷô׷ʣ˶شˣ˫ĿɢȻĪػ֮±ݻˣŷ˵иŮһһŮһ
ڲϵظ仰ȻѾɥʧǣŷԴ˵޳û
޳Ůһ
ŷﻹҪѯʣҪ׷ʣ˵ĴȻֻЩʧ̾˿ͬʱҲ˿һ޳ģ޳߻Ű֣Ǹ˭һǳǿȻܹһ˲佫ô۷ǿ߸ɱһ޳ȥ
ոת㿴һӰԼ߲Ӱʧ֮󣬿һǿѾһʬ塣
ֳ岢֪ߵ飬ȻܵǹԶǿԱҪǿĶ࣬Ȼûн͹Ÿϵ
Щ˻ع鵽Լ֮أǰ˵ƻĹŸ֮⣬˶Ѿˡ
ֳ֮ɫڵѿЩˣŭ˵ʦأ
Ÿһ溺ӣĻ
Ȼڳ޳һ㣬ֳݺݵؿһۣ˵ס죬Ÿ軹ûʦʵôǿôܻأ
˵仰ȻĴǰѰ޳ȻǷ޳ʧ֮ǰڵλãеϵʬ壬ȻǾһǳҵս
Ŀռ䲢ûԶ޸ϣ˶ܹһƬռ֮иܵ޳֮ǰսĲҡ
Ϊʦ壬һսһҪɹ
֮ŷҪ֮λȴ𷴿ǰл֮£ŷҲ˲ٵĿ֮λļƻһӳ٣˵ŷΪ½ˡ
ʱ򣬺Ӵһũϳ˷֮ɫͺ˴һ㡣
Ժӳ֮ںҲźüˡ
һŮʵŸ軹ûйô죿
û취ʱȣȴŸˣȸȵ죬Ÿ֮
Ҳֻˡ
֮СԺֳ֮һˣ˳һޣȫͬ˵ͷٳһ㣬زٴһ㣬֮ԿԺͼ硢ŷһŮĵλ
˲ˣǹŸ裬ĿĹŸ裡
ڹŸһߣЦضԹŸ˵Լ뿪ɲУﰲȴСӰɣ
Ÿ֣Ըֳһ˿ŭɫ֪ĻΪôŸˣʵŸڼǳ𣬵ԼʱȥСèڨһԲǡ
ĺһ˵֮ϵãһΣա
仰ɵÿЦһ˵ֻǺΣհɡ
⵹ҲǣŸͺг𣬶ҹŸʱ˿̵ԶԶ֮ԱЩһΪڽܱʺͱĴС
ʺͱΪԼעŸ֮ùŸȲܳ۷ľ磬ʵȴ˵ԤϣŸ֮ǰһֱӡűʵϰ˱ʵȻųڲϵأϵرǿùŸﵽ벽ľ硣
͵ƾ벽ľ磬Ŀ罨һżңΪʮ塣
֪Ÿ費ʲôģϾʵôǿ
Ÿ뿪֮㳯˸ָķžȥٶȺܿ죬Ǽżоһµʱ䣬ﵽҲʱ䡣
ھһȺҵڲԶƺǿս
ǰû뵽ôһ壬ջѡ˱ˣ컹һԵˣҪڸĵĻҿԸᣬҲὫκˡ
˵ĺܶԣôһ壬ôһ嶼ֻΪǸңȻҪΪ룬ҲһλᣬҪôһȥŷŷǶ£סİȫģҪôͱҶԲˣ
ɷ
ãҾͳȫ㣡
ڿнű㴫ХŸȻһ룬ȴѾ¶ˡȻ֪ߵںͺʱ򣬺Ѿ彫ԼŷԼߵĶͷôһŸ֪Ӧð˭ˣ
Ÿ轫Լͷų޴˲佫Ǳս˾ˣͬʱתͷŸ裬˵˭
Ÿ轫ԼϢͷų۷ľôͰ벽ǿȣЩ˲㱻סˣŸ迴ǣ˵ǸղŵĶԻҶѾˣҪĻͲҪȥͶŷ𣬷ҾͲˡ
һ仰ɵ˿ǿվԼߵģ˱֣˵γƺ
Ÿ衣


2294 սʼ
Ÿ裡
Ÿ˵Լ֮Щȫͣ˵ôܣǹŸ裿ǹŸ裡
һ¾ŸԼˣԼǹŸ軹˭
Щ˿ŸӲ˵ѣ֮ǰΪŸ貢һˣǸŹŸʵǿʵԿ⣬ǸŸ֮⣬˭ܹһ㣡
û뵽Ÿүôᣬһγһǻؾİɣ
˻֮г˷ܣùŸ費֪νϡҲˣҪѱ֮ˣҲڹŸǰĳĻ
ŸԼҲȫҲͷԣЩҪԼؾҲã˳··ϹŸ費ϵĽԼݣЩȫûȥ
֮С
Ÿ貢ûϢ˲ɢո̤ĹŸ˲ͱһĿˣڻȫ㲻״
˺Ÿˡ
Щ˵Ʋ⣬Լ֮ǰﻹһҲŸ裬Ҹ涼ԼȽƣ˵ͷԼһ֮Բͬѣһǽϵߣһǻϵߡ
ΪԵȴЩ˸ˣ˶ΪǸŸ裬ҹŸоǸƺڿģԼʶԼ޼ģԼһֻкӻ޳
ܴȻҲԣܴԸһǹ䣬Ӧǲмȥ
һĿ޳ˣϾǸʱѾȥĿѰԮԼͺӼ棬ȻǺν
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Ÿһ£ܹΪԼЩ֯Ҳͦģ֮ǰҪԼݽзֱֹͣˡ
ŸΪףŸݱļƻҪʹֳ˵Ÿ飬֮гôһǿҲеǳϲ
ƿŸʵԼ֮࣬Ǿϲ˾ȣΪŸһͨ۷壡
ûŸ裬ôҲ峤˿Լô˽ʦ壬һ˶Цġ
ŸҪѰҺˣȴֺ˲ûӪ֮УӦúŷгѲվںһߣ
Ȼ֪ɹŸ֪ԼֻҪţ
ŸԺܸߵĵλһ㿪ʼԸŷļƲߣڿʱвɵðԸ̣ҶĻͺðˡ
ּȥˣŸ軹ûҵں͹ŸϢѾȷڱ˼֮У޳һս֮ǻδ֪Ȼ޳ʵǲôȥġ
޳Ϊʲô֣
ŷ޳е󣬶һߣ޳ڿռ֮ĺ£ָʾ֮£޳Ҫﵽһַ豹ĵزҲ˵Ҫȫ±Ѫܴ֮ﵽǰδе߾硣
޳ʱ˿ֻ̾ض֮УȻĴڣȫǽ޳һҩ޳Ͷ붦¯֮УǿʵʳأȴƲֻضķ
뽫ԼѪǴߵĽÿһֻض˵һϵĽֻ֮жģֻ࣬ҲУҲΪʲôѡӡԭ򡣡
ô˵һֱ׷Ѱ֮֮Ǵģ
˴֮бһǷ֮ʮľţʣµһǸˡ
֪ٹ翪֮ǰ飬޳ǰѾͷȴ޷ȫΣΪԼݽأݾԲô򵥡˺ܳʱ䣬ڶ೤ʱ޳Ҳǲˣ֪ΨһһԼɹˡ
ѾܳʱûᵽָоˣѪԼ֮вԼ֮зӿⱾ֮ڴʱ˿ȴչֳ޳úսꪷԼָϴ̳һѪһκɫѪָѪθոγɣָϵ˿ڱһˡ
ȫ˲޳ʱ˿̲֪Լǿ
ڵǲǿѾˣ
޳˷ܵתͷ޳ȥ޳ϸϸĴһ飬˵ٶȱҪ죬ȻûȫɣȴѾˡ
һܿʱ䣬ȴֻܿһ˵ʱ䣬սʱһҪСģҿʹóʽҲܹתʱָڵ״ֻ̬ʹΡڵӦÿҪﵽǿߵĵزȫ״̬£񾳽ҲѽɱǸҲʼ
޳˵ͷǿ߲٣̶ȵˣ޳ȴûмԲǶôġ
ǰĹâһ˳֮УɳԭĵطѾƻһƬǽ壬һǧ֮⣬ٶԺǿߴԽռȽϡ
޳֮ǰٶȴﵽҪһʱ䣬һʱͿһ㡣
վڿУԶѹѹľɵüܹܵӾ֮дǿϢ⾩֮еǿŶʮϡ
Ȼ˵ͨ񾳽ѽԼɱЩ޳ɵĻŻ
ԼϢĵĻȺ֮УⱾֵľǴʱ˿ȴӰЩ˶ΪҪѶ뿪ˣ⾩ʣµֻߡ
޳ǰ˼壬Ȼ˼Ҳһˣ͵޳еʱһ޴ӿдűһڿд𣬡ŷҪˣ
ǳһôûУ仰˼ŷҪˣǴսʼǳؽһѡ
޳͸оߵ̫ԣû뵽Ѿﵽֵزˡ
ոҪͷͻȻԼ޳ͷһ鷳룬ϳһɫӣڸսʼʱ޳ֱӻУ˷ԼĻԼԼùŸݡ
޳ҪϢĻһ͸ˣֱӻһȺ۷ǿӪ֮УһżˣҪһϢ޳ȷǺѡ
սʼ֮޳㿪ʼʹԼò˵ԼѾǳµĵز۶ԷôǿֻҪ۷ľ֮У޳ɵĽǸܡ
һս޲ʤս񣬽վڿУܹȥ


2295 ˲ɱǿ
޳û֣Ͼ˶࣬⻹ΪΣյʱ򣬵屻ͷų֮ʱܶһսһʤ㡣
ΪԼȺ֮صĺܺãʵǿŷߵһӱ֮һŷôֲܷˡ
ŷü·ǿĺˣԺеһ뵽˱޳޳ʵȻȴûǿ˵ز
ߵǿߣ˵ȥǰ̽һ˵ʵסҪɱ֣
һΪǿڱһſɽ֮ǰΪ֮дﵽԼʵѾ첻µزˣɵ޳֮󣬱ʲô졣
ŷĻ֮˲䳯޳Ǳ߳ȥЩ֮ս۷ǿ֮սѣЩǿսĻֻ»ûзֳʤ߻˶
Щ˶һԼⳡսֻ۷ߵսһսĽֱһսĽ֣ǿ߲ܳ֡
Ȼʱ˿ŷȴԼɫøѿƿǰŷ˵ȻΥԼҪƣЩҲ㣡
ŷûбŵЦһ˵˭ƻػδ֪ȥҪʵѣһ۷ҲͰˣһǿ߻߰벽ߣΥԼ˿ɾͱˣ
ŷ˵仰֮˵Ŀⶼ·ȥЩ˵ɫø֣رߵֳ塣·Ǹ˵Ӱ˿ڶ˵ôܣ
ƸֳܵǲȶϢæʵʶˣ˭ʵΣ
ֳҡҡͷ˵Ĵһˣ
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仰ʱɫûֳ˼ΪǹŸһʱս֮С
ŸСԼݺʵҲ޷ŷѾ˹ŸĴڣŸһ벽ߣôһ㲻ŷΥԼԼ
οŷɳһǿߣֻҪԸ⣬ɽŸɱǾڳҲˡ
޳ǱսͻȻܵ˾޴ΣȻǿ߳ˡ
޳¶һ˿Цݣ֮ⳡսŰ裬Ŀıǵȴһš
аԶк˵ڿʹó
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ͷų֮˶ɫЩ֮вŷǱߵˣߵҲɫϾаϢǻδ
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޳һϵĺսͬһ㣬·ֱź¡һ죬һ۹âֱУâҪ޳Ǹǿ߹ᴩ޳ǿ󹥻֮£Ҳᱻ޳ֱȫûа㷴Ӧˡ
һǿߣЩ˿һĻȫסˣҪ֪޳һ۷߰
޳Լϵĺս֮ҲͱǽԼݸ˵ˡ
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Щ˲˵ڻǰһĻ޳֮Ⱥ֮дһХϢ˲ӿŸȺֱ֮ӳ޳ȥ
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ʱ㣬ŸСӦÿҪˣŸʱѡԼʲôֵܣֵܣ
޳ףԹŸôܻǿҲֱӴԽռ䣬ǡ
޳ǰĹŸ裬˵һǺǸİɣأ
Ҳ֪ҪȺһոҵһЩ£Ҷز죬ֻˣ
Ÿոս仰˵꣬ϢͻȻ͵زһ£޳ܵŸϢΪŸΪԼ뿪ڣȴԼһȣޱȵϤ޳ǣơ

޳Ʋס͵תͷҪסɾʱִһһ˵ֻзһĲֵҶ˳ġ
޳ĳϲɵøֳһ˿Цؽ뻳УƾԼ¶ǴʱһԲȴʤǧ
ˮ¹ˣЩȻûһǿߣɴ޳ĸоȴҪǿ߻Ҫ¡
ˮ¹ĹЩ˸Ҳƺŷû뵽һĻ޳ֱɱһ񾳽ǿѾ˾ˣ޳ߵˣʵȫ۷ϵľ磬ǿߡЩ˵ʵͿ齨ɵв˵ĵ
Ȼ˵Ŀʵϴ˹ע޳ЩŮ֮Ĺϵ
Ȳ˵ĳ̫ڻɴסˣʣµֱ߷ǵû棬һߵ״̬Щ۾Ҫɳˡ
ŷɫøѿ޳˵޳ʲô˼ѲһҪ顣
˭˵Ҳˣ
ŷ˵㵽ڻҪĿˣѾ˾֪㻹ʲô÷ģ
޳̯̯֣˵˵û
޳˵仰֮ǳһ˿Ц˵ҵȷ磬˼ŮĶĴ˶ˣƾҺͱ˼֮Ĺϵҹܶˣ
ס죡
ոҪȴͻȻܵԼ
Ϊŷ͵͵׬ԼˣҪתͷһȴܴκԼ˵һˣܴȴûаҪܵĸоȫסˣҲûнԭضѡ
ˣѾˣ÷ˣ


2296 ֮
⼧仰֮Ӳɵòһ£ûɿܴ֣ԼߣоԼӵƽ
⼧ıȫŷУȻжԼ˰Ľ⼧Ҫ赲Լǰĵ·κ׵ķŹ硣
ɳɫ޴ǿ˸еη壬Ŀ֮£˸
Լַ֮Уһǰдűʵ˵磬ѲҪ𣿡
⼧籾Ǿ岻֪Ӧôźã񿴼ŷȻ̬Լʱŭ˵ʲô㣬֮ǺϵҲ£ʲôʱˣ
ŷ˵仰֮ŷɫøѿЦһ˵ȷˣҵʱ˵㵽֮ô㣬Ҫ뿪뿪Ӧø˵뿪Ĵʲô
䣬ɲӦ֮е͵ֱӳż繥ȥ
ŷң
޳ȻԼûʲôøУȴҲԲôԴ磬ǵһӦģɾ޳ǿ󣬿Ҫô̵ʱȥҲ
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ŷֵ˲䣬ŷҲһжгһӣӱǵҽŷģŷʵﵽǿ״̬ԼĸҪԼ綯֮ʱϵһȣʱһŻŷǰͬһһסŷǰĵ·ŷ벻֮²㱻˵ߵŷŵѯʵǸʲô
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ѾͬҵŮˣ㻹ô
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޳˵仰֮⼧һ£Ĳûзʵ֮֮λúϱ˼峤֮󣬿ΪٵģλĴˡ
޳ӣ૵ѯʵôͬͬ⣿
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޳ڶǿߣϸֳһ˿ЦݣЩ˵Ҫ֪һΣ
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ƿ޳Ҳɵ÷һ̾Ϣ˵Ұİ
Щ˵ķӦȫ޳Ԥ֮У޳Щ˵ӲûаصĶ˵ҲҪ֮λ粻ŽĻΣ֮Ҳֻл𣡡
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ȻǼֲֲ֮һͳͳ£Щͬ˵μʦү
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ֲûЩˣתͷ޳˵²ˣһǰеȫ׷׽ǧ֮Уȥġ
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ЩߴһǿʵаϢ˸еֻţЩʶ޳˵ĵ˭ˡʵϾ޳ֲҲû뵽Щ˻ô죡
һӰ滺֣Ȼ޳δȴоѾʶѾãû˿η壬úսֱУվ
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Ļϲɵøֳһ˿ЦݣŻ֮вƽͣ·һ鶼޹ء
˵öԣҵȷĶ֣ǣ

֮·ЦЦָ޳˵ǿ߶ǣ
ҲҲ
޳Ŵĺۼһֱ̽·ܹų޳ûƾһ㣬޳һۿɱġ
޳ûе仰˵꣬һǿϢ޳֮ͷų
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·ĿɿڴһĻǿһлɱĿֲһȴ޳Լɱˣ


2297 һˣ֣
Ҵ컯ɣ
޳ֻضϵ¶һ˿ЦǲϽһн̸ڽһиգԺûлˡ
ΪʲôУ
޳ϲɵøֳһ˿ŭ֪ûʲôϵǰ˵һʲôղŵָҵʱ˵ȴң㣡
ҵȷѧֻֻɵ˺Ҳõģڵ״̬ȫȵһ֮󣬻ʮֻܹܴ֮ĺ֮ʱٽʩչ
޳ʮʱĿзǳ򵥵˵ϲ¶ŭı飬˵һʱ˵ûʲôһʱҰ˶ܿѣܵҳȥ֮ѾˣһƬռ֮
޳˶˵ʲôֻҪ֮ܽɱκδҲԸ⣡
˻棡
û
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޳׹ȥĺսڻ֮Ĺ֮µתͷΪ޳ʱȫһ󾪺תȫǵʯ֮䣬޳ʵȻǿ󣬿Ĺôױ㱻֮ת˵֮ԶԶ޳޳Ѿ֮Ѿˣ˶ôΪʱ޳ʵȴһ˲ӣֱӴ۷徳һǿߣȻҲ֮ӣ
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޳һȣϵʱͷų޴ֱӽ֮ɳȥĿռһıѡ
޳֣⳯޳߷ɹĺսꪱͣ޳ǰϸֳһ˿Цݣ˵ҵôᷴأ
޳ૣ˵ʱеϢʧˣȫȫһͨˡ

޳ʵ޳ô
û£ǰ޽еǿ󣬾֮ҲҵĶ֣ȴ뿪սʱ꼰ǣ
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Щ뿪֮޳ֻһǱǻȥһХϷĿռʱ˺ѣ޳ֱӽһƬ޿ռ֮С
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ڻ֮Ϣĵطһ޴ͭţͭŵΧʮӡ
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޳ħ֮һ֣ħʵ˽⣬ħ֮һ޳ʱ˵Ź˶೤ʱ䣬ȻѾʸˣ
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Ȼ޳仰˿Щħûһҷ޳һϹϾ·ڹӭ޳ĵ
˵ʮħһϵĵܶѣʮħʮֻȮһһöûеĿȮ޳޳ǿ־֮£Щһﻹûüл³Ƴ޳֮ͭ˿ûܵ棬֮ϷĽ֮ϣǰ޳żֳЦ˵ΪǿнΪͿԽҴܣδҲ̫һɣ
޳仰ɵøеЦʵǰˣ˵㽫ͷųΪԼлֵط
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ûлῴһĻˡ
޳˵ҽͻὫɱ㻹ʲôᵱǿߡ
ƾ㻹幫֮Ѿ֪Ĵڣȴûһŵɫ˵ҵȷҪϵֻضһҶںˣֻҪǶɱ֮бΨҶڻһ棬ڵǵСսܲŻմȾħȻΪǿ󣬿һǿ߶򲻹Ϊݡ
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